bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a National Broadband Network-enabled Telehealth trial for older people with chronic disease
Authors: Nancarrow Susan , Banbury Annie , Buckley Jennene
Published: March 2016

Objective
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a high-speed telemonitoring project for older people with chronic disease in a regional Australian town. Participants’ vital signs were monitored and triaged daily by a telehealth nurse.

Methods
A prospective, uncontrolled study design evaluated the effect of home-based telemonitoring on older people with chronic disease. Evaluation included surveys (including the Stanford Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy tool and the Self-Rated Health Questionnaire), self-reported health service use and interviews and focus groups exploring client experiences.

Results
Participants reported an improved understanding of their vital signs monitoring (48%) and consequently better self-management of health (48%) and that they were better informed (44%) and more confident (25%) to discuss health with their doctor. Patients also reported making medication changes (17%), positive dietary changes (34%) and increasing their physical activity (33%). Overall, patients’ self-rated general health improved (mean (± s.d.) improvement 0.30 ± 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16–0.45; 118 d.f.; P < 0.001), with more participants reporting that their health is ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’ at the end of the trial. Patients also reported fewer doctor visits (P < 0.001), fewer visits to the local hospital emergency department (P = 0.021) and fewer non-local hospital admissions (P < 0.001) compared with the preceding year. There was no significant reduction in local hospital admissions (P = 0.171).

Conclusions
The findings of the present study suggest that telemonitoring with videoconferencing empowers older people to better understand and manage their own health, and is associated with improved health outcomes and reduced service use. Having regular, daily access to a Telehealth nurse reassured participants, and triggered changes to services and behaviour that are likely to have positively affected patient outcomes.

What is known about this topic?
Telehealth is increasingly being used in the care of older people with chronic conditions and can reduce health service use. Previous research has indicated that telehealth has the potential to provide patients with greater knowledge and understanding of their condition.

What this paper adds?
Our research demonstrates that older people with limited experience of technology can be taught to successfully use telehealth equipment. We observed regular contact with telehealth nurses enables health promoting behaviour messages to be tailored to patients’ needs.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Providing older people with tailored health support alongside an understanding of vital signs readings can enhance self-efficacy.
Otolith Microchemistry Reveals Natal Origins of Walleyes in Missouri River Reservoirs
Authors: Carlson Andrew K. , Fincel Mark J. , Graeb Brian D. S.
Published: March 2016

Reproductive habitats are vital for sustaining fish populations, but their location and relative natal contributions are often unknown or poorly understood. We used otolith microchemistry to examine natal origins of Walleyes Sander vitreus in Missouri River reservoirs (i.e., Lake Oahe, Lake Sharpe, Lake Francis Case, and Lewis and Clark Lake) in North Dakota and South Dakota. Water Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca were spatially heterogeneous and temporally consistent in all impoundments. Otolith Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca from age-0 Walleyes permitted the reclassification of fish to known natal habitats (i.e., tributary, embayment, main stem) and individual sites with 87% and 75% accuracy, respectively. Natal contributions were highest in tributaries, particularly those in Lake Oahe, where 32% of all adults and 77% of Lake Oahe adults hatched. Embayments and main-stem environments had high natal contributions (67–78%) in Lakes Sharpe and Francis Case and Lewis and Clark Lake, where tributaries are less abundant. Our research demonstrates the utility of otolith microchemistry for measuring habitat- and site-specific natal contributions and provides further information that can be used in managing Walleyes in Missouri River reservoirs, particularly for broodstock collection, habitat protection and restoration, and harvest regulations.

Received April 17, 2015; accepted December 11, 2015 Published online March 30, 2016
Needs Assessment in Forensic Patients: A Review of Instrument Suites
Authors: Keulen-de Vos Marije , Schepers Klaartje
Published: March 2016

In the last few decades, the forensic literature has been dominated by violence risk and instruments that assess risk for violent and criminal behavior. Typically, these instruments are guided by the theoretical risk-need-responsivity model. According to this model, criminogenic needs are the cornerstone for forensic treatment. Criminogenic and general needs, such as mental health, quality of life, and social factors, are important for care planning in offenders because unmet needs can have significant implications for offenders’ future violence risk. However, needs assessment in forensic mental health services is still underdeveloped when compared to the long tradition of needs assessment in general psychiatric mental health services. Recently, internationally validated instruments that measure needs in psychiatric populations, such as the Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN), Health of the Nations Outcome Scales (HoNOS), and international Resident Assessment Instrument (interRAI) have been adapted for forensic purposes. In this article, we review the forensic adaptations of these and potential other instruments including its psychometric evidence base.
Effects of Different Corn Starch Levels on Growth, Protein Input, and Feed Utilization of Juvenile Hybrid Grouper (male Epinephelus lanceolatus × female E. fuscoguttatus)
Authors: Luo Yuan , Wu Xiaoyi , Li Weifeng , Jiang Shuntian , Lu Senda , Wu Mingjuan
Published: March 2016

An 8-week growth trial was conducted to study the effects of different corn starch levels on growth and feed utilization of juvenile hybrid grouper (male Giant Grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus × female Brown-marbled Grouper E. fuscoguttatus). Five isonitrogenous (48% crude protein, dry weight basis) and isolipidic (10% crude lipid, dry weight basis) diets were formulated to contain 0, 7, 14, 21, or 28% corn starch, respectively. Each dietary treatment had three replicates. Groups of 22 hybrid grouper juveniles (average initial weight, 2.74 g/fish) were stocked into small floating cages (120 cm long × 70 cm wide × 50 cm high). Triplicate groups of fish were fed each dietary treatment twice daily (0800 and 1600 hours) to apparent satiation. Water quality was monitored daily. Weight gain (WG) of hybrid grouper displayed no significant differences among all experimental groups. Fish fed 0% corn starch had significantly higher daily protein intake than fish fed 7, 14, 21, and 28% corn starch. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) and daily feed intake (FI) were significantly higher in fish fed diets with 0% corn starch, but FCR and FI were not observed to vary among fish fed any of the other experimental diets. Fish fed 0% corn starch had a lower protein efficiency ratio (PER) than fish fed other experimental diets, and the differences were significant when compared with fish fed 21% or 28% corn starch. Intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratios did not show significant variations among all experimental treatments. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) of fish fed 0% corn starch were significantly lower than that of fish fed 14, 21, and 28% corn starch. Whole-body moisture, protein, lipid, and ash contents as well as muscle moisture, protein, and lipid contents showed no significant differences among all experimental groups. Hepatic glycogen content increased as dietary corn starch level increased. Fish fed the diet with no corn starch had more protein content in the liver than fish fed 14, 21, or 28% corn starch. Generally, supplementations of 7–28% dietary corn starch could reduce dietary protein input and improve feed utilization of hybrid grouper without negatively affecting their growth.
Characterizing the subjective experience of episodic past, future, and counterfactual thinking in healthy younger and older adults
Authors: De Brigard Felipe , Giovanello Kelly S. , Stewart Gregory W. , Lockrow Amber W. , O'Brien Margaret M. , Spreng R. Nathan
Published: March 2016

Recent evidence demonstrates remarkable overlap in the neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying episodic memory, episodic future thinking, and episodic counterfactual thinking. However, the extent to which the phenomenological characteristics associated with these mental simulations change as a result of ageing remains largely unexplored. The current study employs adapted versions of the Memory Characteristics Questionnaire and the Autobiographical Interview to compare the phenomenological characteristics associated with both positive and negative episodic past, future, and counterfactual simulations in younger and older adults. Additionally, it explores the influence of perceived likelihood in the experience of such simulations. The results indicate that, across all simulations, older adults generate more external details and report higher ratings of vividness, composition, and intensity than young adults. Conversely, younger adults generate more internal details across all conditions and rated positive and negative likely future events as more likely than did older adults. Additionally, both younger and older adults reported higher ratings for sensory, composition, and intensity factors during episodic memories relative to future and counterfactual thoughts. Finally, for both groups, ratings of spatial coherence and composition were higher for likely counterfactuals than for both unlikely counterfactuals and future simulations. Implications for the psychology of mental simulation and ageing are discussed.
The use of Control Charts by Laypeople and Hospital Decision-Makers for Guiding Decision Making
Authors: Schmidtke K. A. , Watson D. G. , Vlaev I.
Published: March 2016

Graphs presenting healthcare data are increasingly available to support laypeople and hospital staff's decision making. When making these decisions, hospital staff should consider the role of chance—that is, random variation. Given random variation, decision-makers must distinguish signals (sometimes called special-cause data) from noise (common-cause data). Unfortunately, many graphs do not facilitate the statistical reasoning necessary to make such distinctions. Control charts are a less commonly used type of graph that support statistical thinking by including reference lines that separate data more likely to be signals from those more likely to be noise. The current work demonstrates for whom (laypeople and hospital staff) and when (treatment and investigative decisions) control charts strengthen data-driven decision making. We present two experiments that compare people's use of control and non-control charts to make decisions between hospitals (funnel charts vs. league tables) and to monitor changes across time (run charts with control lines vs. run charts without control lines). As expected, participants more accurately identified the outlying data using a control chart than using a non-control chart, but their ability to then apply that information to more complicated questions (e.g., where should I go for treatment?, and should I investigate?) was limited. The discussion highlights some common concerns about using control charts in hospital settings.
Overexpression of Sly41 suppresses COPII vesicle–tethering deficiencies by elevating intracellular calcium levels
Authors: Mukherjee Indrani , Barlowe Charles
Published: March 2016

SLY41 was identified as a multicopy suppressor of loss of Ypt1, a Rab GTPase essential for COPII vesicle tethering at the Golgi complex. SLY41 encodes a polytopic membrane protein with homology to a class of solute transporter proteins, but how overexpression suppresses vesicle-tethering deficiencies is not known. Here we show that Sly41 is efficiently packaged into COPII vesicles and actively cycles between the ER and Golgi compartments. SLY41 displays synthetic negative genetic interactions with PMR1, which encodes the major Golgi-localized Ca2+/Mn2+transporter and suggests that Sly41 influences cellular Ca2+and Mn2+homeostasis. Experiments using the calcium probe aequorin to measure intracellular Ca2+concentrations in live cells reveal that Sly41 overexpression significantly increases cytosolic calcium levels. Although specific substrates of the Sly41 transporter were not identified, our findings indicate that localized overexpression of Sly41 to the early secretory pathway elevates cytosolic calcium levels to suppress vesicle-tethering mutants. In vitro SNARE cross-linking assays were used to directly monitor the influence of Ca2+on tethering and fusion of COPII vesicles with Golgi membranes. Strikingly, calcium at suppressive concentrations stimulated SNARE-dependent membrane fusion when vesicle-tethering activity was reduced. These results show that calcium positively regulates the SNARE-dependent fusion stage of ER–Golgi transport.
Dorsal anterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortex have inverse roles in both foraging and economic choice
Authors: Shenhav Amitai , Straccia Mark A. , Botvinick Matthew M. , Cohen Jonathan D.
Published: March 2016

Recent research has highlighted a distinction between sequential foraging choices and traditional economic choices between simultaneously presented options. This was partly motivated by observations in Kolling et al. (2012) [KBMR] that these choice types are subserved by different circuits, with dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) preferentially involved in foraging and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) preferentially involved in economic choice. To support this account, KBMR used fMRI to scan human subjects making either a foraging choice (between exploiting a current offer or swapping for potentially better rewards) or an economic choice (between two reward-probability pairs). This study found that dACC better tracked values pertaining to foraging, while vmPFC better tracked values pertaining to economic choice. We recently showed that dACC’s role in these foraging choices is better described by the difficulty of choosing than by foraging value, when correcting for choice biases and testing a sufficiently broad set of foraging values (Shenhav et al., 2014). Here, we extend these findings in three ways. First, we replicate our original finding with a larger sample and a task modified to address remaining methodological gaps between our previous experiments and that of KBMR. Second, we show that dACC activity is best accounted for by choice difficulty alone (rather than in combination with foraging value) during both foraging and economic choices. Third, we show that patterns of vmPFC activity, inverted relative to dACC, also suggest a common function across both choice types. Overall, we conclude that both regions are similarly engaged by foraging-like and economic choice.
Orientational disorder in the one-dimensional coordination polymercatena-poly[[bis(acetylacetonato-κ2O,O′)cobalt(II)]-μ-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-κ2N1:N4]
Authors: Dumitru Florina , Englert Ulli , Braun Beatrice
Published: March 2016

The title compound, [Co(C5H7O2)2(C6H12N2)]n, was obtained as a one-dimensional coordination polymer from bis(acetylacetonato)diaquacobalt(II), [Co(acac)2(OH2)2], and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), a diamine with good bridging ability and rod-like spacer function. In the chain complex that extends along thecaxis, the CoIIatom is six-coordinated, the O-donor atoms of the chelating acac ligands occupying the equatorial positions and the bridging DABCO ligands being intrans-axial positions. In the crystal structure, the DABCO ligand is conformationally disordered in a 50:50 manner as a result of its location across a crystallographic mirror plane. The metal–metal distance is very close to that in a related compound exhibiting weak antiferromagnetic exchange between the CoIIions, and the title compound can thus be useful for obtaining more information about the contribution of different bridges to the magnetic coupling between paramagnetic ions.
Crystal structure of (±)-[trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl)]diphosphonium dibromide dichloromethane disolvate
Authors: Rodríguez Álvarez Aurora , Tlahuext Hugo , Grévy Jean-Michel
Published: March 2016

The cation of the title solvated salt, C42H42N2P22+·2Br−·2CH2Cl2, lies on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. The 1,2-diaminocyclohexane fragment has a chair conformation with two N atoms in atransoidconformation [N—C—C—N = 163.4 (2)°]. In the crystal, the cations are linked to the anions by N—H...Br and C—H...Br hydrogen bonds, forming a chain structure along thecaxis. The dichloromethane molecule takes part in the hydrogen-bond network through C—H...π and C—H...Br interactions.
Crystal structure of 4′-bromo-2′,5′-dimethoxy-2,5-dioxo-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4-dicarbonitrile [BrHBQ(CN)2] benzene hemisolvate
Authors: Meany Joseph E. , Gerlach Deidra L. , Papish Elizabeth T. , Woski Stephen A.
Published: March 2016

In the crystal of the title compound, C16H9BrN2O4·0.5C6H6, the molecules stack in a centrosymmetric unit cell in a 2:1 stoichiometry with co-crystallized benzene solvent molecules and interactviavarious weak interactions. This induces a geometry different from that predicted by theory, and is unique among the hemibiquinones heretofore reported.
Exploring the potential effects of expatriate adjustment direction
Authors: Zhang Ying , Oczkowski Edward
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The expansion of the phenomenon of two-way flow expatriation due to the accelerated process of globalization has resulted in an increasing need for a better understanding of cross-cultural transitions. Given the absence of convincing a priori theoretical explanations, as part of an inductive discovery process, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between cultural intelligence (CQ), job position, and cross-cultural adjustment (CCA) for expatriates.

Design/methodology/approach

– Explicit consideration is given to uncovering the potential importance of cultural distance asymmetry (CDA) effects. Structural equation modelling techniques are employed to analyse survey data from a two-flow sample of expatriates between Australia and China.

Findings

– Results indicate that motivational CQ has a statistically significant effect on CCA. CDA is found to moderate the relationship between job positions and expatriate adjustment, such that the relationship depends on the direction of cultural flow between more and less authoritarian cultural contexts.

Originality/value

– These findings discover and highlight the potential importance of identifying the direction of cultural flows of expatriation in understanding successful expatriates’ CCA.
Global implications of the indigenous epistemological system from the east
Authors: Li Peter Ping
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The author argues and explains that the indigenous Eastern epistemological system of Yin-Yang balancing should be taken as a novel system or frame of thinking, which is deeply rooted in the indigenous Eastern culture traditions, but it has significant global implications, especially in the domain of paradox management. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to provide a detailed elaboration of the indigenous Eastern epistemological system of Yin-Yang balancing in contrast to the Western logic systems; and second, to provide a roadmap for applying the system of Yin-Yang balancing to complex issues in the area of management, in general, and paradoxical issues, in particular.

Design/methodology/approach

– This is a conceptual paper with a focus on theory-building.

Findings

– The author elaborates on the indigenous features of Yin-Yang balancing, in contrast to Aristotle’s formal logic and Hegel’s dialectical logic in the West, to further explore the former’s global implications for the increased attention to research on paradox management. In particular, the author posits that Yin-Yang balancing appears to be better suited for paradox management than the more commonly used logics available in the Western literature. Built upon the Yin-Yang balancing, a practical tool of Duality Map for paradox management is proposed.

Research limitations/implications

– The system of Yin-Yang balancing proposed in this paper has the potential to embrace logical systems available in the West into a geocentric (East-meeting-West) meta-system. This paper further shows how to apply Yin-Yang balancing with the tool of Duality Map to the most salient paradoxes in the domain of management, including value-profit balance (triple bottom lines), exploration-exploitation balance (ambidexterity), cooperation-competition balance (co-opetition), globalization-localization balance (glocalization), institution-agency balance (institutional entrepreneurship), simultaneously positive and negative attitudes toward an entity (ambivalence), and etic-emic balance (geocentric) across all domains of management research.

Originality/value

– The primary challenge for management researchers is to find a way to achieve a geocentric integration between the West and the East at the fundamental level of philosophy. The hope is that the philosophical traditions in the East will facilitate such integration. In particular, the Eastern philosophy of wisdom has a unique capacity to reframe paradox from a negative problem (i.e. a problem of inconsistency to be resolved by dualism in terms of separating opposite elements) to a positive solution (i.e. a solution of completeness or holism to be achieved by duality in terms of partially separating and partially integrating opposite elements).
Effects of 8Ps of services marketing on student selection of self-financing sub-degree programmes in Hong Kong
Authors: Lau Melissa May Yee
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the effects of 8Ps of services marketing affect students’ selection of self-financing sub-degree programmes in Hong Kong. The factors that affect students’ selection of self-financing sub-degree programmes have not been studied in higher education market of Hong Kong. This research is to fill the gap by examining the effects of 8Ps (“Product Elements”, “Price and Other User Outlays”, “Place and Time”, “Promotion and Education”, “People”, “Process”, “Physical Environment” and “Productivity and Quality”) on self-financing sub-degree programmes in Hong Kong.

Design/methodology/approach

– The research taken was a quantitative survey of students at Community College at Lingnan University in Hong Kong.

Findings

– The results reveal that “Productivity and Quality” is the most important element of 8Ps of services marketing. Accreditation of programmes seeking recognition in Hong Kong and overseas can increase student enrolment. “Promotion and Education” element is the least important element of 8Ps of services marketing. Self-financed higher education institutions should develop strategies to build relationships with the secondary school teachers and counsellors rather than invest money on advertising.

Research limitations/implications

– The data were collected from a particular community college in Hong Kong only.

Practical implications

– Management can increase student recruitment by allocating minimum amount of limited resources to recruit maximum number of students.

Originality/value

– This research adds knowledge to the marketing of higher education in Hong Kong. The management of self-financing sub-degree programmes can use the findings of this research as a reference to develop their marketing strategies.
A comparison between flipped and lecture-based instruction in the calculus classroom
Authors: Scott Catherine Elizabeth , Green Linda E , Etheridge Debra Lynn
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to enhance students’ mastery of course material in a second semester calculus course and assess the effectiveness of a traditional “lecture-based” instructional model compared to a modified “flipped classroom” model using a mixed method research design.

Design/methodology/approach

– Evaluation of effectiveness was measured by having students in all four courses take the same pre-post exams and participate in a survey to assess their opinion of each instructional model. Undergraduate students covered the same content using two different modes of instruction.

Findings

– Within a comparable group of students, participants in the flipped course had similar content knowledge gains as the lecture-based course. Based on responses obtained in blinded student surveys, the authors found that the use of an online homework system (WebAssign) and in-class quizzes were critical motivating factors that likely contributed to the increase in student performance. The flipped classroom instruction was more effective at increasing interest in the subject and promoting student discourse around problem solving. Taken together, the findings support the flipped classroom model as an equally effective means in which to disseminate key calculus concepts to undergraduate students.

Research limitations/implications

– Findings from this study are limited to content knowledge gains in calculus over a 14-week time period, and student attitudes toward the mode of instruction they received. More research is needed to study the depth of learning that occurs in small group problem solving and interactions between faculty-and-student and student-to-student.

Originality/value

– While many course redesigns focus on incorporating more project-based or laboratory-based learning opportunities, the redesign used in this study was focussed on different ways to deliver the same content. Results from this study suggest that a blended type of learning would be optimal for learning calculus concepts with a strategic use of video content concepts.
A cross-cultural examination of preferences for work attributes
Authors: Woodard Melissa S. , Miller Jane K. , Miller Daniel J. , Silvernail Kirk D. , Guo Chun , Nair Sudhir , Aydin Mehmet Devrim , Lemos Ana Heloisa da Costa , Donnelly Paul F. , Kumpikaite-Valiuniene Vilmante , Marx Robert , Peters Linda M.
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between individual- and country-level values and preferences for job/organizational attributes.

Design/methodology/approach

– Survey data were collected from 475 full-time employees (average of nine years work experience, and three years in a managerial position) enrolled in part-time MBA programs in seven countries.

Findings

– Preference for a harmonious workplace is positively related to horizontal collectivism, whereas preference for remuneration/advancement is positively related to vertical individualism. The authors also find a positive relationship between preference for meaningful work and horizontal individualism, and between preference for employer prestige and social adjustment (SA) needs.

Research limitations/implications

– Although the sample comprised experienced, full-time professionals, using graduate business students may limit generalizability. Overall, the results provide initial support for the utility of incorporating the multi-dimensional individualism and collectivism measure, as well as SA needs, when assessing the relationships between values and employee preferences.

Practical implications

– For practitioners, the primary conclusion is that making assumptions about preferences based on nationality is risky. Findings may also prove useful for enhancing person-organization fit and the ability to attract and retain qualified workers.

Originality/value

– This study extends research on workers’ preferences by incorporating a new set of values and sampling experienced workers in a range of cultural contexts.
Hygrothermal analysis of historic buildings
Authors: Silva Hugo Entradas , Henriques Fernando M.A.
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to verify the applicability and efficiency of two statistical methods to obtain sustainable targets of temperature and relative humidity in historic buildings located in temperate climates.

Design/methodology/approach

– The data recorded along one year in a non-heated historic building in Lisbon (Portugal) was analysed with the two methodologies, EN 15757 and FCT-UNL. To evaluate their adequacy it was calculated the performance index for each target and it was verified the mechanical and biological degradation risks.

Findings

– While the use of the two approaches is suitable for temperate climates, there is a higher efficiency of the FCT-UNL methodology, allowing a better response for the three parameters in evaluation.

Research limitations/implications

– Despite the better results obtained, the FCT-UNL methodology was only tested for one city; therefore the application to other situations may be required to obtain more robust conclusions.

Practical implications

– The effectiveness of the FCT-UNL methodology to obtain sustainable climate targets can lead to important energy conservation in historic buildings and to contribute for the change of old approaches in the preventive conservation area.

Originality/value

– This paper provides a comparison between two recent methods. The results can lead to some advances in the science of preventive conservation, interesting to conservators and building physic scientists.
Relationship between androgenetic alopecia and cardiovascular risk factors according to BASP classification in Koreans
Authors: Park Sang‐Yeon , Oh Sung Soo , Lee Won‐Soo
Published: March 2016

There have been many studies on the relationship between androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and cardiovascular risk factors, but the study results were inconsistent and research on AGA in Asians remains insufficient. This study investigated the relationship between Korean AGA and various cardiovascular risk factors, considering life habits, type of hair loss and sex. We investigated subjects who visited a hospital for public or industrial health medical examinations between October 2012 and December 2014. A questionnaire as well as anthropometric measurements and a blood test were performed. Among the 1884 total subjects, 52.6% had AGA. AGA patients displayed a significantly higher prevalence rate of cardiovascular diseases, smoking rate, fasting glucose and triglyceride, and a significantly lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level than did the non‐AGA group. The results of the subgroup analysis showed higher prevalence rates of hypertension, stroke, metabolic syndrome and smoking in male AGA patients. The more severe the AGA, the higher the incidences of hypertension, diabetes and smoking were observed. According to the analysis results by BASP classification, the F‐type AGA patients displayed a higher body mass index, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure, and had a significantly higher prevalence rate of hypertension. As a result of the large population‐based study, modifications in lifestyle and early screening for cardiovascular disease, as well as hypertension and diabetes, are suggested.
Toward a Critical Sociology of Lifestyle Migration: Reconceptualizing Migration and the Search for a Better Way of Life
Authors: Benson Michaela , Osbaldiston Nick
Published: March 2016

This article places under critical and reflexive examination the theoretical underpinnings of the concept of lifestyle migration. Developed to explain the migration of the relatively affluent in search of a better way of life, this concept draws attention to the role of lifestyle within migration, alongside understandings of migration as one stage within the ongoing lifestyle choices and trajectories of individual migrants. Through a focus on two paradigms that are currently at work within theorizations of this social phenomenon – individualization and mobilities – we evaluate their contribution to this flourishing field of research. In this way, we demonstrate the limitations and constraints of these for understanding lifestyle migration; engaging with long-standing debates around structure and agency to make a case for the recognition of history in understanding the pursuit of ‘a better way of life’; questioning the extent to which meaning is made through movement, and the politics and ethics of replacing migration with mobilities. Through this systematic consideration, we pave the way for re-invigorated theorizing on this topic, and the development of a critical sociology of lifestyle migration.
Model‐based inference for estimating shifts in species distribution, area occupied and centre of gravity
Authors: Thorson James T. , Pinsky Malin L. , Ward Eric J.
Published: March 2016

Changing climate is already impacting the spatial distribution of many taxa, including bees, plants, birds, butterflies and fishes. A common goal is to detect range shifts in response to climate change, including changes in the centre of the population's distribution (the centre of gravity, COG), population boundaries and area occupied. Conventional estimators, such as the abundance‐weighted average (AWA) estimator for COG, confound range shifts with changes in the spatial distribution of available survey data and may be biased when the distribution of survey data shifts over time. AWA also does not estimate the standard error of COG in individual years and cannot incorporate data from multiple survey designs.

To explicitly account for changes in the spatial distribution of survey effort, we propose an alternative species distribution function (SDF) estimator. The SDF approach involves calculating distribution metrics, including COG, population boundary and area occupied, directly from the predicted species distribution or density function. We illustrate the SDF approach using a spatiotemporal model that is available as an r package. Using simulated data, we confirm that the SDF substantially decreases bias in COG estimates relative to the AWA estimator. We then illustrate the method by analysing data from two data sets spanning 1977–2013 for 18 marine fishes along the U.S. West Coast.

In our case study, the SDF estimator shows significant northward shifts for six of 18 species (with southward shifts for only 2), where two species (darkblotched and greenstriped rockfishes) have both a northward shift and a decreased area occupied. Pelagic species (e.g. Pacific hake and spiny dogfish) have more variable distribution than bottom‐associated species. We also find substantial differences between AWA and SDF estimates of COG that are likely caused by shifts in sampling distribution (which affect the AWA but not the SDF estimator).

We caution that common estimators for range shift can yield inappropriate inference whenever sampling designs have shifted over time. We conclude by suggesting further improvements in model‐based approaches to analysing climate impacts, including methods addressing the impact of local and regional temperature changes on species distribution.
Tolvaptan is successful in treating inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in infants
Authors: Marx‐Berger Daniela , Milford David V , Bandhakavi Meenakshi , van't Hoff William , Kleta Robert , Dattani Mehul , Bockenhauer Detlef
Published: March 2016

Aim

Using fluid restriction to treat the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in infants is potentially hazardous, as fluid intake and caloric intake are connected. Antagonists for the type 2 vasopressin receptor have demonstrated efficacy in adult patients with SIADH, but evidence in children is lacking. We reviewed our experience from two cases in the UK.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of the clinical data on two patients diagnosed with SIADH in infancy and treated with tolvaptan, an oral vasopressin receptor antagonist.

Results

Persistent hyponatraemia was noted in both patients in the first month of life and eventually led to SIADH diagnoses. Initial salt supplementation in one patient resulted in severe hypertension, treated with four antihypertensive drugs. Tolvaptan was commenced at two and four months of age, respectively, and was associated with normalisation of plasma sodium values and blood pressure without the need for antihypertensive treatment. There was transient hypernatraemia in one patient, which was normalised with a dose reduction. Tolvaptan was administered by crushing the tablet and mixing it with water.

Conclusion

Tolvaptan provided effective treatment for SIADH in both infants and could be administered orally.
Higher prevalence of dementia in patients with schizophrenia: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Ku Hyemin , Lee Eui‐Kyung , Lee Kyoung‐Uk , Lee Min‐Young , Kwon Jin‐Won
Published: March 2016

Introduction

This study investigates the prevalence of dementia in patients with and without schizophrenia, with a particular focus on age‐specific and sex‐specific differences.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based study using the National Health Insurance claims database from 2010 to 2013. Using a 10:1 matching ratio, 248,919 patients without schizophrenia and 26,591 patients with schizophrenia were identified based on the ICD‐10 code. Patients with dementia were extracted by diagnosis or use of anti‐dementia drugs. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between schizophrenia and dementia.

Results

The prevalence of dementia was significantly higher in schizophrenia patients compared with that in matched non‐schizophrenia patients (9.9% versus 2.2%, P < 0.0001). After adjusting for Charlson comorbidity index and underlying comorbidities, conditional logistic regression showed that schizophrenia was associated with dementia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4–5.1). When stratified by sex, the AOR was 5.6 (95% CI, 5.0–6.2) among women and 4.0 (95% CI, 3.6–4.5) among men. Moreover, the association between dementia and schizophrenia was strong in elderly patients. The AOR of dementia prevalence was 6.6 (95% CI, 6.1–7.2) in patients aged ≥65 years and 3.4 (95% CI, 3.0–3.8) in patients aged <65 years.

Discussion

Schizophrenia patients were more likely to have dementia compared with non‐schizophrenia patients. This association seems greater in higher prevalence groups such as women and patients aged ≥65 years. Further investigation on the mechanism is required. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
Unpacking transnational corporate responsibility: coordination mechanisms and orientations
Authors: Arenas Daniel , Ayuso Silvia
Published: March 2016

This article aims to advance the discussion of how multinational companies manage the tension between global integration and local responsiveness in their corporate social responsibility (CSR). In particular, it studies the relationships between headquarters and subsidiaries in a transnational CSR strategy and the types of coordination mechanisms used. Building on a qualitative study of a multinational bank, we find that in addition to formal and informal coordination mechanisms, a transnational CSR strategy cannot be fully understood without considering lateral learning and participatory decision making. Further, we suggest that discussions about the transnational approach to CSR should not be disentangled from the question about a company's CSR orientation. Finally, we propose some characteristics of transnational CSR and discuss its theoretical and practical implications.
Missing the Boat on Freshwater Fish Conservation in California
Authors: Grantham Theodore E. , Fesenmyer Kurt A. , Peek Ryan , Holmes Eric , Quiñones Rebecca M. , Bell Andy , Santos Nick , Howard Jeanette K. , Viers Joshua H. , Moyle Peter B.
Published: March 2016

Population growth and increasing water‐use pressures threaten California's freshwater ecosystems and have led many native fishes to the brink of extinction. To guide fish conservation efforts, we provide the first systematic prioritization of river catchments and identify those that disproportionately contribute to fish taxonomic diversity. Using high‐resolution range maps of exceptional quality, we also assess the representation of fish taxa within the state's protected areas and examine the concordance of high‐priority catchments with existing reserves and among distinct taxonomic groups. Although most of the state's native fishes are found within protected areas, only a small proportion of their ranges are represented. Few high‐priority catchments occur within protected areas, suggesting that fish conservation will require active management and targeted river restoration outside of reserves. These results provide the foundation for systematic freshwater conservation planning in California and for prioritizing where limited resources are allocated for fish recovery and protection.
Structural determinants governing S100A4‐induced isoform‐selective disassembly of nonmuscle myosin II filaments
Authors: Kiss Bence , Kalmár Lajos , Nyitray László , Pál Gábor
Published: March 2016

The Ca2+‐binding protein S100A4 interacts with the C terminus of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) causing filament disassembly, which is correlated with an increased metastatic potential of tumor cells. Despite high sequence similarity of the three NMII isoforms, S100A4 discriminates against binding to NMIIB. We searched for structural determinants of this selectivity. Based on paralog scanning using phage display, we identified a single position as major determinant of isoform selectivity. Reciprocal single amino acid replacements showed that at position 1907 (NMIIA numbering), the NMIIA/NMIIC‐specific alanine provides about 60‐fold higher affinity than the NMIIB‐specific asparagine. The structural background of this can be explained in part by a communication between the two consecutive α‐helical binding segments. This communication is completely abolished by the Ala‐to‐Asn substitution. Mutual swapping of the disordered tailpieces only slightly affects the affinity of the NMII chimeras. Interestingly, we found that the tailpiece and position 1907 act in a nonadditive fashion. Finally, we also found that the higher stability of the C‐terminal coiled‐coil region of NMIIB also discriminates against interaction with S100A4. Our results clearly show that the isoform‐selective binding of S100A4 is determined at multiple levels in the structure of the three NMII isoforms and the corresponding functional elements of NMII act synergistically with one another resulting in a complex interaction network. The experimental and in silico results suggest two divergent evolutionary pathways: NMIIA and NMIIB evolved to possess S100A4‐dependent and ‐independent regulations, respectively.
Limited reduction of ferrihydrite encrusted by goethite in freshwater sediment
Authors: Kikuchi S. , Makita H. , Konno U. , Shiraishi F. , Ijiri A. , Takai K. , Maeda M. , Takahashi Y.
Published: March 2016

Many physical and chemical processes control the extent of Fe(III) oxyhydroxide reduction by dissimilatory Fe(III)‐reducing bacteria. The surface precipitation of secondary Fe minerals on Fe(III) oxyhydroxides limits the extent of microbial Fe(III) reduction, but this phenomenon has not yet been observed in nature. This paper reports the observation of secondary Fe‐mineral (goethite) encrustation on ferrihydrite surface within freshwater sediment up to 10 cm deep. The sediment surface was characterized by the predominance of ferrihydrites with biogenic stalks and sheaths. An Fe(II)‐oxidizing bacterium (Gallionellaceae) was detected by 16S rRNA gene analysis at sediment depths of 1 and 2 cm. Fe2+ concentration in the sediment pore water was relatively higher at 2–4 cm depths. The 16S rRNA genes affiliated with dissimilatory Fe(III)‐reducing bacteria were detected at 1, 2, and 4 cm depths. The results of the Fe K‐edge extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis suggested the presence of goethite and siderite at depths below 3 cm. However, the change in the Fe‐mineral composition was restricted to sediment depths between 3 and 4 cm, despite the presence of abundant ferrihydrite at depths below 4 cm. An increase in CH4 concentration was observed at deeper than 6 cm. Stable isotopic analysis of CH4 in the pore water indicated that acetoclastic CH4 occurred at depths below 7 cm. Transmission electron microscope observations suggested the presence of goethite and siderite on stalks and sheaths at depths below 3 cm. Results from conversion electron yield EXAFS analysis suggested that goethite dominated at 10 cm depth, thereby indicating that ferrihydrite was encrusted by goethite at this depth. Moreover, the incomplete reduction of ferrihydrite below depths of 4 cm was not due to the lack of organic carbon, but was possibly due to the surface encrustation of goethite on ferrihydrite.
Insect transformation with piggyBac: getting the number of injections just right
Authors: Gregory M. , Alphey L. , Morrison N. I. , Shimeld S. M.
Published: March 2016

The insertion of exogenous genetic cargo into insects using transposable elements is a powerful research tool with potential applications in meeting food security and public health challenges facing humanity. piggyBac is the transposable element most commonly utilized for insect germline transformation. The described efficiency of this process is variable in the published literature, and a comprehensive review of transformation efficiency in insects is lacking. This study compared and contrasted all available published data with a comprehensive data set provided by a biotechnology group specializing in insect transformation. Based on analysis of these data, with particular focus on the more complete observational data from the biotechnology group, we designed a decision tool to aid researchers' decision‐making when using piggyBac to transform insects by microinjection. A combination of statistical techniques was used to define appropriate summary statistics of piggyBac transformation efficiency by species and insect order. Publication bias was assessed by comparing the data sets. The bias was assessed using strategies co‐opted from the medical literature. The work culminated in building the Goldilocks decision tool, a Markov‐Chain Monte‐Carlo simulation operated via a graphical interface and providing guidance on best practice for those seeking to transform insects using piggyBac.
The autophagy–lysosomal system in subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Wu Haijian , Niu Huanjiang , Wu Cheng , Li Yong , Wang Kun , Zhang Jianmin , Wang Yirong , Yang Shuxu
Published: March 2016

The autophagy–lysosomal pathway is a self‐catabolic process by which dysfunctional or unnecessary intracellular components are degraded by lysosomal enzymes. Proper function of this pathway is critical for maintaining cell homeostasis and survival. Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is one of the most devastating forms of stroke. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, are all responsible for brain injury and poor outcome after SAH. Most recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the autophagy–lysosomal pathway plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process after SAH. Appropriate activity of autophagy–lysosomal pathway acts as a pro‐survival mechanism in SAH, while excessive self‐digestion results in cell death after SAH. Consequently, in this review article, we will give an overview of the pathophysiological roles of autophagy–lysosomal pathway in the pathogenesis of SAH. And approaching the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathway in SAH pathology is anticipated, which may ultimately allow development of effective therapeutic strategies for SAH patients through regulating the autophagy–lysosomal machinery.