bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Landfill Gas Production of Municipal Solid Waste and Energy Utilization Analysis
Authors: Li Dan , Pan Zhi Xin , Ao Yong'an
Published: December 2013

It is an important factor to predict the LFG production rate and production quantity accurately and conveniently for the LFG recovery projects.According to the characters of Chinese Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) component, the paper studies on the Landfill Gas (LFG) models, and establishes the LFG model that is adapt to the characters of Chinese MSW component. The paper takes the Laohuchong landfill sites in Shenyang for example, predicts the LFG production and analyses the energy utilization and environmental benefit.
Subsynchronous Interaction and its Mitigation in DFIG-Based Wind Farm and Turbine-Generator Bundled Systems
Authors: Zhu Xin Yao , Sun Hai Shun , Wen Jin Yu
Published: December 2013

This paper investigates the subsynchronous interactions (SSI) in DFIG-based wind farm and turbine-generator (T-G) bundled system which is integrated through series compensated transmission line, the results reveal that the integration of DFIG-based wind farm could improve the subsynchronous resonance (SSR) damping of the nearby turbine-generators. Then supplemental controls of DFIG-based wind farm are used to mitigate subsynchronous control interaction (SSCI) of the DFIG and multi-mode SSR of the nearby turbine-generators. The supplemental controls are added to the reactive power control loop of GSC (grid side converter) for DFIG. Given that no additional device is needed, this supplemental control could be the most promising measure for SSR and SSCI mitigating.
Study on Power Characteristics of Hybrid Wind, Photovoltaic Generation and Energy Storage
Authors: Li Shan Ying , Wu Tao , Liang Yu Zhi
Published: December 2013

In this paper, power characteristics of hybrid wind, photovoltaic generation and energy storage device is studied. Two-stage Smooth Energy Storage Control Strategy is designed in order to effectively inhabit both high frequency and low frequency section of wind and photovoltaic power. A topology of demonstration project of hybrid wind power, photovoltaic, energy storage and power transmission in north China is considered for simulation. Power characteristic of different hybrid generation mode is studied, and the simulation results show reliability and effectiveness of the control strategy. The results studied have the important significance for grid planning and operation.
Research on Preventive Maintenance Cycle Decision of Wind Turbine
Authors: Wang Cheng Cheng , Gu Yu Jing , Zhao Wei Wei , Han Yan Peng , Dong Yu Liang
Published: December 2013

In order to insure the safe running of wind turbine in high efficiency under the premise of lowest maintenance cost, preventive maintenance cycles need to be determined reasonable. In this paper, the special operation environment, complicated fault type and diversified situation of wind turbine are full considered, preventive maintenance cycle decision making optimization model is established under the minimum maintenance cost and availability constraints. Finally, gear box system is taken as an example for analysis and calculation to show the feasibility and rationality of model, the results can provide scientific decision basis for planning maintenance of wind turbine.
Considering Wind Power Abortively Based on Petri Net Research on Optimization of Hydropower
Authors: Liu Dun Nan , Liu Xin Ming , Han Wen Chang , Fan Yu Hong
Published: December 2013

With the requirement of grid security and special facts of wind power, enhancing the capacity of wind power abortion and connection becomes a major problem. How to optimize peak regulation to abort more wind power without too much water abandoned in flood season, is the major problem of hydropower optimization. In this paper, considering wind power as an influencing factor, we optimize hydropower generating operation: hydropower optimization model is established respectively in flood season and non-flood season, using Petri net to describe. At last, the test results on an actual reservoir show that when operating the reservoir with the consideration of wind power abortion, the capacity of peak regulation of hydropower can be fully dug out, which is of great significance in helping large-scale wind power to connect to the grid.
Impact of Wind Farms on the Voltage of the Grid Integrated under the Ramp Changing Wind Speed
Authors: Cheng Jun , Liu Qian , Xie Yu Ting , Yang Qiang , Zhu Tao , Wang Ai Meng , Hu Xue Feng , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2013

The wind speed simulation model was given in this paper, combined with the power system analysis software (PSD-BPA) transient calculation of wind generator models, it implemented the wind speed disturbance of wind farms and the entire network voltage analysis. Combining the practical power grid in china, research on the power grid voltage fluctuation of the level after the large-scale wind farms integrated the system, and relevant the conclusions: In the process of wind disturbance, there is no angle stability of synchronous generator in the system, doubly-fed induction generator could emit and absorb reactive power, and thus could be able to maintain voltage stability.
The Study of VSC-HVDC System Simplified Model on Large Offshore Wind Farm
Authors: Jiang Bin Kai , Wang Zhi Xin , Wu Jie , Zhu Qin , Shi Li , Lu Bin Feng
Published: December 2013

VSC-HVDC is one of the proven solutions to the transmission problem of offshore wind power and the study of converter is the key technology. Mean value model of converter is introduced. The paper puts forward a method that can simplify the complex converter which is based on IGBT into a mean value model to improve the simulation speed. Through the simulation in Mat lab, the accuracy and high efficiency of simplified model are verified. The results show that the simplified model is feasible.
Formic Acid Production from Hydrothermal Reaction of Cellulose
Authors: Yun Jun , Li Wang , Xu Zeng , Jin Fang Ming
Published: December 2013

The conversion of cellulose under the hydrothermal condition was studied in an autoclave reactor. The reaction factors, such as oxygen supply and alkaline concentration was clearly investigated. A highest formic acid yield of about 27% was obtained. And also, other organic acid production was greatly produced. Besides formic acid, glycolic acid, acetic acid and lactic acid were also produced in alkaline oxidation of cellulose, with a total organic acid of up to 50%. It shows great potential for organic acid production from hydrothermal oxidation of cellulose.
Hydrothermal Conversion of Cellulose into Organic Acids by Metal Oxides
Authors: Xu Ling Li , Huo Zhi Bao , Wang Feng Wen , Jin Fang Ming
Published: December 2013

In this paper, hydrothermal conversion of cellulose into organic acids in the presence of metal oxides was investigated. The results showed metal oxides could enhance the conversion of cellulose into organic acids. The total yields of organic acids of 41.6% with Al2O3 2.0 mmol from cellulose was achieved at 300 oC for 1 min, NaOH 2.5 M and water 2 mL. The plausible mechanism for the hydrothermal conversion of cellulose into organic acids was also discussed.
Co-Pyrolysis Charateristics Study of Dianchi Lake Sludge and Coal
Authors: Xia Jia Qun , Li Hu Ping
Published: December 2013

To find out the Co-pyrolysis characteristics of Dianchi Lake sludge and coal,Dianchi Lake sludge was introduced into coal pyrolysis process. In this paper,the pyrolysis experiments of Dianchi Lake sludge and coal were carried out by TG and TGA. Results show that the TG and DTG profiles of Dianchi Lake sludge were similar to coal, but different from coal under various blending ratios.Interaction was observed between the solid phases of Dianchi Lake sludge. The results provide a reference for further study on co-pyrolysis of Dianchi Lake sludge and coal to a certain extent.
Potassium Solubility of the Fly Ash from Corn Straw Power Plant
Authors: Wang Xiao Qiang , Wang Shi Yong , Zhao Xu , Li Wen Yan , Dong Chang Qing , Zhao Li
Published: December 2013

The industry of biomass power in China has been growing tremendously in recent years, but it is faced with many challenges now. The low efficiency of straw combustion in the boiler results in that the carbon content in the fly ash could reach 15~30%. The ash is also rich in silica, potassium, calcium and has a lot of microelements. A kind of fly ash from a biomass power plant mainly uses corn straw as feedstock was studied. XRF analysis showed that the contents of K2O, CaO and MgO in the ash were 7.22%, 13.61% and 7.22%, respectively. Leaching experiments were conducted to evaluate the solubility of nutritive elements K, Ca and Mg in the ash. The results indicated that acid could enhance the solubility compared with pure water. Under the optimal conditions of filtrate final pH neutral, leaching time 20min, ratio of liquid to solid (L/S) 2, reaction temperature 40°C and stirring time 1min just for homogenization, 36.9% of K, 42.8% of Ca and 10.1% of Mg in the ash could be extracted. These dissolution rates were still very low, that means, the thorough extraction is not very easy and further research should be continued to make the straw power industry ecological and sustainable.
Power Supply & Storage Capacity of Distribution Network with Multiple Energy Storage Systems and its Application
Authors: Yu Wen Peng , Liu Dong
Published: December 2013

With the charging and discharging of grid-tied Energy Storage Systems (ESS), distribution network could shift load from peak period or suppress the fluctuation of renewable energy. Constraints of both grid and ESS are analyzed in the present paper, and definition of power supply & storage capacity of distribution network with ESS is proposed, which quantifies the ability of distribution network to shift load or adopt renewable energy generation. Operating optimization model is proposed for the operation of distribution network considering peak load shifting based on power supply & storage capacity, and the model is tested and verified in case study.
The Passive Ventilation Energy-Saving Strategies of Urban Long-Distance Bus Station
Authors: Tian Guo Hua , Li Ting Shen , Gu Xian Guang , Xie Xing Yu
Published: December 2013

This article is based on the research of natural ventilation and indoor thermal environment. By selecting Xuzhou Long-distance Passenger South Station as a typical large space building and simulating the ventilation of the building, the article proposes the optimization strategies of Form, Space and Material and validates these strategies, to provide the energy-saving strategies for the design of Long-distance Passenger Station and large space architecture.
Effect of Apply Pinch Analysis Theory to Distributed Energy Systems Integration
Authors: Zhou Zhi Yun , Zheng Pu Yan , Wang Jian Gang , Yuan Yan Zhou
Published: December 2013

Nowdays more and more methods for design and transformation Distributed Energy System are applied. Traditional optimization is based on the original system , by successively optimize the process in order to recovery heat as much as possible or to reduce the enery consumption . Pinch analysis can get the energy goal and expect heat exchangers number directly,according to the analysis of the users demand streams parameters cascade. In this paper, pinch analysis is applyed for the downstream heat exchanger network optimal design of the distributed energy system , and has proved that pinch analysis advantages for the distributed energy system integration.
Optimization of Condenser Vacuum Based on Neural Network and SA-BBO
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ye Ya Lan , Si Feng Qi
Published: December 2013

The optimization of condenser vacuum is significant to improve efficiency and save energy in the power plant. Taking a 600MW unit as the research object, the condenser vacuum optimization model was established synthetically based on neural network, simulated annealing and biogeography optimization hybrid algorithm (SA-BBO). Circulating pumps power, slight increase of turbine power as well as the market value difference between coal and electric were included in the model. The objective function of the model is to maximize the profit of the power plant. The most effective combinations of the condenser vacuum and the circulating water pump were calculated eventually in different operating conditions by using characteristic analysis of variable condenser conditions. In a certain condition, running three circulating pumps for two steam turbines instead of two pumps can make the condenser vacuum reduce 0.49kPa, and increase revenue 110.2 yuan/h.
Simulation and Analysis of Ship Energy Efficiency Operation Index
Authors: Li Ke Shun , Liu Yi Fan , Sun Pei Ting
Published: December 2013

To study the influence factors of energy efficiency operation index (EEOI), an EEOI model is established by taking a 46000-ton oil tanker as an example and with the aid of software. The factors affecting EEOI are divided into determined factors and random factors according to the Monte Carlo method. The time-change curves of EEOI are obtained and further analysis of the influence of the characteristics wave height and load on EEOI is made. Results show that improving the loading rate can effectively improve the EEOI and reducing the speed can make the EEOI drop, the higher the wave is , and the less the effects are. The method has a certain reference value for making energy efficiency management scheme.
Review of Study on the Early-Warning System of Energy Conservation
Authors: Lv Rong Sheng , Cui Pu
Published: December 2013

Building the early-warning system of energy conservation can help enterprises to improve the energy information management, control energy consumption, forecast and analysis the enterprises overall energy trends;and provide the basis for enterprises to further find the potential problems, to explore the energy-saving potential sites and to formulate the scientific and effective energy-saving programs. The study is mainly from three aspects:the choice of the early-warning objects and the practice of the early-warning system. Based on the existed research, this article summarize the limitations of the domestic research. . In order to provide reference and inspiration for the follow-up study.
Aspen Simulation of Heat Exchange Network for the Conversion System of Sulphuric Acid Made with the Sulphur
Authors: Wang Bin , Luo Kang Bi , Jia Yu , Li Hu Ping
Published: December 2013

This paper takes the conversion system of sulphuric acid plant made with the sulphur as research object, utilizes Aspen Plus process simulation software to carry out steady state process simulate for the conversion process, and obtains physical property data of all the process streams; utilizing Aspen Energy Analyzer software, that the minimum heat transfer temperature difference (ΔTmin) determined is 10 °C, the temperature-enthalpy composite curve and the pinch temperatures of hot and cold streams are got under the ΔTmin, the energy consumption of heating utilities reaches zero, and cooling utilities use 45 °C of desalted water. Simulating for heat exchange network with pinch technology and Simulating the matching design of heat exchange network with Aspen Energy Analyzer software, the heat exchange effect is basically as same as the heat exchange network in actual production.
Study on Creep Behaviors of T92 Steel under Multiaxial Stress State
Authors: Mao Xue Ping , Yu Yang , Li Chao , Huang Sai Dong , Xu Hong , Ni Yong Zhong
Published: December 2013

Creep tests for smooth specimens and notched specimens of T92 steel were carried out to study the effect of multiaxial stress state on creep rupture behaviors at 650°C. Creep rupture life was estimated by representative stress at multiaxial state of stress, the failure behavior of multiaxial creep was analyzed, and Kachanov creep damage formula was used to analyze the experimental data. The results show that the notch strengthens rupture life, multiaxial rupture behavior is controlled by mixed parameters, the creep ductility of the smooth and notched specimen decreases with rupture time, and damage factors of the smooth specimen and notched specimen are similar according to Kachanov formula.
A Review of Pd-Based Electrocatalyst for the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Wang Long Long , Li Qiao Xia , Zhan Tian Yu , Xu Qun Jie
Published: December 2013

Direct ethanol fuel cells are considered a promising power source for future portable electronic and automotive applications. This article reviewed the synthetic methods commonly used to prepare Pd-based catalysts for the ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline media. The progress in the mechanism studies of ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) on Pd electrode in alkaline medium by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical in situ FTIR spectroscopy was also reviewed. The recent studies revealed that the EOR is fairly complicated, and it is difficult in CC bond cleavage for the complete oxidation of ethanol to CO2, and ethanol is selectively oxidized to acetate on Pd-based catalysts in alkaline media. Overall, what is most important is to explore new Pd-based alloy catalysts with high ability to break the CC bond to promote complete oxidation of ethanol as well as increase the efficiency of DEFCs.
Effect of the Precursor Solution Concentration and Modification Ions on the Catalytic Property of La-Hexaaluminate Catalysts
Authors: Zheng Jian Dong
Published: December 2013

Lanthanum hexaaluminates LaAl12O19-δ modified by transition-metal ion (Mn, Co and Ni ) were prepared through co-precipitation of metal nitrates within the water phase of a Triton X-100/n-hexanol/cyclohexane reverse microemulsion. The effects of different modification ion and the precursor solution concentration on the catalytic property of catalysts were investigated. The structure and properties of these samples were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM and TG-DTA. The stabilities of catalysts were assessed by measuring the activities for combustion of methane. Upon calcination at 1200°C, when the precursor solution concentration is 0.75M, the sample LaMnNiAl10O19-δ retained a specific surface area of 40.34m2/g and showed a excellent activity for methane combustion, which temperature at 10% , 90% and 99% conversion were 420 °C, 690 °C and 760 °C, respectively.
Research Progress of Layered xLi2MnO3-(1-x) LiMO2(M=Ni,Co,Mn...) Solid Solution Materials
Authors: Yuan Xiao Lei , Xu Qun Jie , Jin Xue , Zhou Luo Zeng
Published: December 2013

Li-rich layered xLi2MnO3-(1-x) LiMO2(M=Ni,Co,Mn...) solid solution materials possess high energy density, high capacity, and long cycle life. Meanwhile, the electrochemical charge/discharge mechanism is quite different. In this paper, Li-rich cathode material xLi2MnO3-(1-x) LiMO2(M=Ni,Co,Mn...) is introduced though its structure, charge/discharge mechanism, synthetic methods and electrochemical performance. What is more, the characteristics and development trend of this series of cathode material are summarized.
Kinetics Modeling of Parabolic Growth Competing to Linear Declining: A Theoretical Tool to Interpret Corrosion Data in Real World
Authors: Zhu Sheng Long , Feng Zhen Wei , Liu Jun He
Published: December 2013

Corrosion data may be hard to be interpreted in many cases, where the thickening of the oxide scales is simultaneously accompanied by thinning, and the mass gain verse time curves are non-monotone. For example, the thermal growth of the oxide scales (TGO) on metals may compete to basic or acidic fluxing in molten sulphate induced hot corrosion, or to volatilization in water vapor oxidation. We modified the kinetics Tedmon model, which is based on the diffusion controlled parabolic thickening and interface reaction controlled linear thinning of TGO. Both mass gain and scaling rates have been taken into account. It is theoretically deduced that the mass gain of the specimen becomes a maximum (ξ) at a specific time; and then the thickness of TGO (ζ) and the mass gain rate (v0) of the specimen keep constant after a dynamic balance between thickening and thinning of TGO is reached. Formulations have been derived for the determination of the thickening and thinning rate of TGO using measured ξ, ζ and v0.
Influence of Acetylene Black Colloidal Solution on the Reactivation of the Simulation and Deactivation PbO2/PbSO4 Electrode
Authors: Dai Zhong Xu , Zhan Hui , Zou Jin Yun , Zhou Yun Hong
Published: December 2013

To investigate the influence of a kind of acetylene black colloidal solution (ABCs) on the regeneration of inactivation PbO2/PbSO4 electrode, the simulation deactivation PbO2/PbSO4 electrode was prepared by which PbCO3 acted with H2SO4 to produce PbSO4 and PbSO4 was in situ electro-oxidized to PbO2. The cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscope had been used to test the electrochemical performance and observe surface topography respectively. The experimental results show that the electrical conductivity of PbSO4 and PbO2 particles may be enhanced because of the adsorption of ABC particles on PbSO4/H2SO4 and PbO2/H2SO4 interface. Its adsorption behaviors can control the size of PbSO4 particles. In the process of the anode reactivation, PbO2/PbSO4 electrode process polarization can be reduced. The electrode REDOX current and capacity are improved in H2SO4 with ABCs. ABC colloidal particles can be conducive to the structure improvement of the simulation deactivation PbO2/PbSO4 electrode. Its electrochemical performance can be reactivated.
Effects of Additional Mg2+ on the Growth and Lipid Accumulation of Monoraphidium Sp. FXY-10 under Mixotrophic Conditions
Authors: Che Rao Qiong , Wang Qiu Mei , Huang Li , Zhao Peng , Yu Xu Ya
Published: December 2013

The effects of additional Mg2+ on the growth and lipid accumulation of the microalgae Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 under mixotrophic conditions were investigated. 100 μmol Mg2+ were added to the growth media during the stationary growth phase. Compared with the control (35.25%), the highest lipid content reached up to 37.13% biomass after Mg2+ was added to the media. Moreover, the higher lipid productivity of 79.83 mg L1 d1 and the biomass productivity of 214.65 mg L1 d1 were attained in the Mg2+-supplemented cultures, as compared with cultures without supplemented (72.95 mg L1 d1 and 179.28 mg L1 d1, respectively). The use of Mg2+ supplements were proven to stimulate cell regrowth, prolong the stationary phase, and promote lipid accumulation in Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10.
Review on Phase Change Material Slurries
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Feng Jiao , Zheng Yi Fei
Published: December 2013

Phase change materials (PCM) have recently received considerable attention in the field of thermal energy storage, due to their intrinsic properties. Phase change material slurry is a novel medium of heat storage and transfer, its apparent specific heat and heat transfer capacity is better than water.PCM slurries are being investigated for active thermal energy storage or as alternatives to conventional single phase fluids because they are pumpable and have advanced heat transport performance with phase change. This review mainly presents the information on PCM emulsions and microencapsulated PCM slurries (mPCM slurries).
Application of Risk-Based Inspection in Olefins Conversion Plant
Authors: Zhang Peng , Guo Qin , Si Jun
Published: December 2013

Inspection strategy is an important activity in processing plants, and one of the key tools used for such strategy is the risk-based inspection (RBI) methodology. Risk-based inspection is a methodology for optimization of inspection strategy. Based on principle of the risk-based inspection methodology in API 581, the risk assessment for vessels and pipelines in olefins conversion plant is carried out. The main failure modes and damage mechanisms of vessels and pipelines are identified. All vessels and pipelines in this plant are prioritized based on the level of risk. Risk reduction measures and optimal inspection strategy are proposed. This application of risk-based inspection will provide reference for the inspection of the olefins conversion plant.
Research on the Enriched Characteristic and Trend of Heavy Metal Pb in Different Marine Medium
Authors: Li Ming Chang , Zhao Ying Jie , Li Guang Lou , Cao Yuan Yuan
Published: December 2013

Heavy metals are important marine environmental factors for the safety and regional sustainable development. In this paper, the Caofeidian marine district in Tangshan Bay is considered as the case for the environmental research. The distribution and trend of heavy metal Pb in marine waters and sediment is analyzed by the natural neighbor grid method and the least squares fitting method. The enriched characteristic of Pb in different marine medium is studied by the trend of Pb in waters and the sediment. The research results show that the part of Pb exists exceeded forth level of water quality in 2007 and the trend of Pb in sediment is on the rise, oppositely in waters. The enriched characteristic analysis points out the object of environmental management.
Depth Variability and Fractionation of Fe, Mn, Cu and Pb in Sediments from Bosten Lake in Xinjiang, Northwest China
Authors: Liu Ying , Bao An Ming , Pan Xiang Liang
Published: December 2013

The abundance and layered evolution vs. depth of dissolved and solid species of Mn, Fe, Cu and Pb were investigated both in extracted porewaters and in sedimentary solid materials. The chemical speciations between five geochemical phases (exchangeable fraction, carbonate fraction, Fe/Mn oxide fraction, organic fraction, and the residual) versus depth of the heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Cu and Pb) were gotten using five-step sequential extraction procedures. The concentration of metals in porewaters and of sedimentary solid phases was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Heavy metal concentrations do not have distinct patterns along the depth. In Bosten Lake, the total concentrations of Cu is relative plentiful. Sedimentary Mn, Fe, Cu and Pb are found mainly in the residual fraction (7096%). According to the Risk Assessment Code (RAC), these sediments are Mn at between low and medium risk, Fe at no risk, Cu and Pb at low risk.
A Case Study to Evaluate the Indoor Global Quality
Authors: Franzitta Vincenzo , Milone Angelo , Milone Daniele , Pitruzzella Salvatore , Trapanese Marco , Viola Alessia
Published: December 2013

This paper proposes two complementary procedures for assessing the global quality comfort: the first one, prevalently objective, is based on the acquisition of microclimate measured data and computed subjective values; the second one, that is purely subjective, uses a questionnaire drawn from the ISO/DP 10551 Recommendation. An application to some lecture-halls and laboratories of the school is here showed.
Based on Multi-Objective Theory Researching on Location Problem of Heavy Metals Enterprises
Authors: Wang Cheng Jun , Zhao Shu Ting
Published: December 2013

Industrialization bring a great deal of environmental burden in our country, heavy metal pollution problems have become increasingly prominent. In order to prevent and control the Heavy metals pollution effectively, this paper discusses the location problem of heavy metals enterprises. Through the discussion of the factors of heavy metals company location, based on the health protection distance, establish multi-objective model by achieving three goals: minimizing the risks of surrounding neighborhoods; fair maximization; Cost minimization. The optimal heavy metal enterprises location has certain practical significance in the control of heavy metal pollution events.
Study of Stratigraphic Classification Considering Construction of Underground Warehouse in China
Authors: Li Yong Quan , Wang Qing Huan
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the knowledge about stratigraphic classification is introduced in detail. According to several hundred geological survey report in china, one new method about stratigraphic classification is put forward, by which rocks are divided into three categories on the base of Protodyakonov's coefficient f, and soils are divided into three categories on the base of geological age. The method about stratigraphic classification put forward is helpful for construction of underground warehouse in China.
Water-Damage Evaluation of the West-East Gas Pipelines Using AHP
Authors: Wu Di , Xu Yong Long , Li Li , Pei Wei Xia
Published: December 2013

In the evaluation of water-damaged West-East gas pipelines, a variety of impact factors (namely evaluation indicators) such as topography, lithology, rainfall intensity, etc., will be involved. Because of the factors different impacts on the evaluation objectives, the determination of their weight is very important. In order to evaluate the damaged West-East gas pipelines systematically, comprehensively and scientifically, this paper based on the basic principles of analytic hierarchy process (namely AHP), first analyzed the meaning of impact factors weight model according to the damage situation along the West-East gas pipelines, and then evaluated the water-damage using Analytic Hierarchy Process - Expert Weighting method (hereafter referred to as AHP-EW) which reduced the subjectivity and improved the reliability. The practical application verified the rationality and feasibility of AHP-EW method.
The Effects of Nano-SiO2 and Nano-ZnO on the Concentration of Chlorophyll-a in Seawater
Authors: Wu Xiao Mei , Ma Chun Yu , Zheng Ai Rong
Published: December 2013

Effects of nano-SiO2 and nano-ZnO on the concentration of chlorophyll-a in seawater were studied. Different particle size of nano-SiO2 and nano-ZnO (10~500nm) were added into seawater with different content ranging between 5~100mg/L, led to the v (growth rate) of chlorophyll-a were -11.4~-44.8% and -39.6~-74.0% respectively, and v decreased with the increasing of the concentration of nanoparticles and raised with the increasing of the nanoparticles size, and nano-ZnO had the stronger inhibitory effect than nano-SiO2. While to nano-ZnO and Zn2+(concentrations of zinc were 0.05~1.00mmol/L), chlorophyll-a growth rate decreased as the concentration of zinc increased and the average growth rates were -60.2～-68.8%, meant that nano-ZnO and Zn2+ have the same toxical mechanism. Concentrations of Zn2+ released from nano-ZnO (30nm and 90nm) with content of 5~100mg/L were 1.56~4.29mg/L, and rose with the increasing of nano-ZnO concentration, and 30nmZnO released more Zn2+ than 90nm. To nano-ZnO, percentage of the concentration of Zn2+ released by it and its v values have linear correlation, indicated that the released Zn2+ is the main reason for toxicity of nano-ZnO.
The Gain or Loss of Ecosystem Services in the Changbai Mountain Natural Reserves under the Policy Intervention
Authors: Yu Dan Dan , Han Shi Jie
Published: December 2013

Based on the published studies and the data from multiple-year consecutive observation of the Long Term Ecological Research Station affiliated to the Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), the ecosystem services of carbon fixation and oxygen release, water conservation, soil conservation and nutrient accumulation of the Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve (CMNR), PR China, from 1985 to 1997 were evaluated using the Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services in China (LY/T17212008) promulgated by State Forestry Administration of China. The results show that the loss of ecosystem service value in CMNR was 59.76 million dollar under the policy intervention. These ecosystem services show trade-off/synergistic relationship. Carbon fixation and oxygen release, water conservation and soil conservation decreased greatly, while nutrient accumulation slightly increased from 1985 to 1997. This research could provide a scientific basis for policy-making in sustainable development of natural reserves.
The Analysis and Evaluation of Wetland Restoration Scenarios in the Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve, Hebei, China
Authors: Liang Chen , Li Xiao Wen , Zhuge Hai Jing
Published: December 2013

Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve is one of the most ecologically valuable freshwater wetlands in the northern plains of China. It provides crucial staging and wintering habitats for a large variety of endangered waterbirds. However, this unique wetland has suffered from serious habitat fragmentation and ecological function degradation caused by increased socioeconomic activities within and surrounding the Nature Reserve. With the aim of enhancing the Reserves ecological function while balancing conservation priorities and indispensable socioeconomic activities, the ecological risks resulting from each three scenario were evaluated. To conduct this research, we developed a systematic framework for ecological risk assessment, in which indices of biodiversity, ecological vulnerability and ecological risk were introduced and employed. Then, an ecological risk assessment was conducted for the scenarios and the pros and cons of each scenario were evaluated based on the applicability of a particular risk in each situation. The results of modeling and assessments provided the basis for adopting wetland restoration scenarios allowing for the development of practical suggestions for wetland restoration and habitat modification.
Simulation on the Flow Field of Mini-Hydrocyclones for Different Inlet Sizes
Authors: Yan Chao , Yang Qiang , Wang Hua Lin
Published: December 2013

This paper aims to improve the separation of fine solid particles in mini-hydrocyclones by changing the shape and size of the mini-hydrocyclone inlet. This study also examines the best mini-hydrocyclone inlet shape and size. Fluent software is used to simulate the flow field of the continuous and dispersion phases in different mini-hydrocyclone. The simulation results can guide the design and optimization of mini-hydrocyclones and determine the optimum inlet aspect ratio.
Demonstration Project of Wetlands Restoration and Pollution Control - A Case Study in Xiangtan Manganese Mine, China
Authors: Lin Yang , Wen Shi Zhi , Wang De Ming
Published: December 2013

Demonstration project attempted to restore the terrestrial habitats around wetlands and reduce the manganese (Mn) pollution of wetlands. Project had tested five kinds of trees for phytoremediation in terrestrial habitats, and designed Ecological interception system (EIS) to control the Mn pollution to wetlands. EIS was composed of the surface runoff collection system (SRCS) and the Treatment system (TS). SRCS composed of cobblestones, high-capacity adsorbent fillers, sands and plants. TS composed of three subsurface wetland units processing modules. The results show that: (1)New soil and base fertilizer applied in the plant pits can effectively improve plants survival rate; (2)Koelreuteria paniculata, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Paulownia can be used for phytoremediation in terrestrial habitats; (3)Canna warszewiczii, Boehmeria, Thalia dealbata and other nine kinds plants in the EIS can absorb the Mn element effectively; (4)EIS can purify the water effectively. The complex project was based on the biological principles, ecological principles and biochemical effects which provides a reasonable ecological engineering model suitable for the restoration of polluted wetlands.
The Effect of Fe3+ on Microbial Growth and Physical and Chemical Properties of Activated Sludge
Authors: Lan Shan Hong , Chen Rui , Ma Ping , Li Cong Cong , Lan Hui Xia
Published: December 2013

The method of activated sludge has been widely used in the process of sewage treatment for its high-efficiency and low-consumption. The effect of Fe3+ on microbial growth and physical and chemical properties of activated sludge were studied to obtain relevant parameters for the running of activated sludge system in this paper. Firstly, study on the effect of Fe3+ on microbial growth was carried out. The experiment results showed that the lag phase of microbial growth was obviously reduced with the presence of Fe3+, obtaining advancing into the logarithmic phase. Whats more, the value of OD600 reached to the maximum of 0.615 at 12h when the concentration of Fe3+ was 30mg/L. Secondly, the effects of Fe3+ on the wastewater treatment and that of the performance index include SVI and MLSS were studied. The results indicated that SVI decreased with increasing the dosages of Fe3+,while MLSS and removal rate of COD obviously increased which reach to the maximum of 88.21% when the concentration of Fe3+ was 30mg/L.
Effect of Pypocholoride Pretreatment on the Disintegration of Excess Sludge
Authors: Wang Ling Ling , Sun De Dong , Ren Jing Jing , Ma Chun , Hao Jun , Xue Mang , Zhang Xin Xin
Published: December 2013

This article focuses on the effects of pretreatment on sewage sludge with sodium hypochlorite addition. The solubilization of organic matters of sludge was investigated. It was found that the pypocholoride treatment provided a efficient process to release organics from sludge flocs. When the ClO-dose was about 21mg /g SS with a reaction time of 3 hours, the supernatant soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), protein and polysaccharide increased by 400%, 67%, 1791%, 635%, 214%, and 556%, respectively. After hypochlorite pretreatment, the sludge extracelluar polymers (EPS) were disintegrated and the cell walls were broken. Then the intracellular organic matters were released into the supernatant, leading to the increase of organic matters in the supernatant.
Numerical Simulation Study of Soluble and Conservative Liquid Chemicals Diffusion in Tidal River
Authors: Zhang Jian Wei , Wu Wan Qing
Published: December 2013

Based on three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, moving boundary technique and embedded pollutant transport model, the concentration field of the soluble and conservative liquid chemicals spilled into the tidal river was calculated and the chemicals movement around a jetty at DA Liaohe was simulated. By analyzing the simulation results, the chemicals motion law with tide and their concentration field on and in water were deduced.
Treatment Introduction of Oily Sewage Methods
Authors: Qiu Xiao Cui , Qu Cheng Tun , Yang Bo , Li Bing Bing
Published: December 2013

With the development of the oil industry, oilfield sewage, as a big pollutant, treatment has become an important issue. Since the complex components of oily sewage, untreated oily sewage may lead to serious environment problem if discharged at will.So it must be treated before discharged or returned into the layer.In this study, some treatment methods is introduced, and their treatment effects are illustrated.
The Application of Fuzzy Mathematics in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils Evaluation and Analysis
Authors: Fan Sheng , Fu Shan Ming , Su Wen Ji
Published: December 2013

The passage set the soils along the river of Dabaoshan mine of Shaoguan city as the research object for heavy metal contamination by means of field investigation and test analysis.Five representative areas were selected,such as liang-qiao village,shui-louxia village,shi-zhuxia village,shang-ba village and xiaba village from upriver to downriver .The concentration of heavy metals including Cd Cr Pb Cu Ni and Zn were evaluated.The methods of establishing fuzzy mathematical models were employed to evaluate the heavy metal element contamination of superficial sediment. Using this method,the extent of pollution increased as follows , liangqiao>shuilouxia>shangba village,the soil quality in these sites were both over the Grade III. And xiaba village>shizhuxia,the soil quality were Grade II.
Review of Denitration by SNCR in Cement Kilns
Authors: Gao Yan Wu , Pan Wei Guo , Guo Rui Tang , Zhen Wen Long , Zhang Qiang , Shi Chao Lin , Zhao Xin
Published: December 2013

Cement Precalciner is the important devices in the cement production,also the main part which the pollutants are produced. Hence, it is extremely important to optimize the performance of the precalcine and low NOx emission.
This thesis base on the previous article, aim to review of denitration for the cement kilns.
Laboratory Investigation of the Phosphorus Removal of Two Aquatic Plants
Authors: Fu Xiao Yun
Published: December 2013

Two aquatic macrophytes (Lythrum salicaria and Alisma plantago-aquatica) were grown in monoculture to test the relative growth rate (RGR) and abilities of removing total phosphorus (TP) by the manipulative indoor experiment. A nutrient treatment consisted of two levels of phosphorus [ low (3 mg L-1 N) and high (12 mg L-1 N) ] of nutrient solution. Result revealed that nutrients had significant affect on the RGR, however the RGR of the species was non-significant. The results showed that TP in wastewater were significantly higher from unvegetated microcosms compared to vegetated. L. salicaria was shown to be best removal effect with the removal rates of 81.7% and 91.1% at low and high concentrations of TP.
Study on Flue Gas Desulfurization Process Control System Based on Coupling Decoupling Control
Authors: Yang Hui Jia , Sun Jian , Dong Zhi Feng
Published: December 2013

The coupling decoupling control system was presented to realize the requirement of the flue gas desulfurization (FGD), to solve the multivariable control problem in this process control system. The FGD experiment control system was designed, the spray flow was controlled by manual and automatic control mode. After the process control flow and the coupling decoupling control principle were studied, the feed-forward compensation control method was simulated. Results show that the decoupling control method could solve the multivariable control problem, with a good anti-interference capacity, meeting the requirement of FGD process control.
Advantage Analysis of Cavitation-Impinging Stream Micro-Electrolysis Technology
Authors: Li Qin , Zhang Xiao Guang , Li Fu Bao , Sha Wei
Published: December 2013

In this paper, through understanding, analyzing and comparing of domestic and foreign treatment of high concentration organic wastewater, then derived organic wastewater can be economical and efficient handled by micro-electrolysis. But at the same time, the traditional micro-electrolysis also has some disadvantages. This paper discusses a new micro-electrolysis technology, namely cavitation-impinging stream electrolysis technology which has the advantages in treating high concentration organic wastewater. It is not only solving the process of passivation and harden problems in high concentration organic wastewater by traditional micro-electrolysis technology, but also combining with the characteristics of impinging stream coupled cavitation enhancement more effectively, making the degradation of organic pollutants maximize.
pH Control of Flue Gas Desulfurization in Sintering Process with Pyrolusite
Authors: Li Shui E , Wu Fu Zhong , Wang Qian
Published: December 2013

The effect of rhodochrosite as the annexing agent of pH of pyrolusite slurry on desulfurization and manganese leaching was studied. The influence of the byproduct of sulfuric acid in the sintering flue gas desulfurization process on desulfurization and resource utilization of absorbent was also investigated. The results show that rhodochrosite produced the same effect as a pH buffering agent. High desulfurization and manganese leaching rates were maintained for a long period. This study showed the possibility of resource utilization of low-grade rhodochrosite.
NOx Reduction Review on Fuel Alternative in Cement Kiln
Authors: Liu Hai Bing , Chen Xiao Dong , Gu Jun
Published: December 2013

The paper first discusses the relativity between alternative combustion andNOx emissions by a test in dry cement kiln, and a lot of case on fuel alternative The main findings of the study are that the use of RDF in cement kilns instead of coal or coke offers environmental benefits and reduce NOx emission. The conclusion is that the NOx generation can probably be lower because of lower flame temperatures or lower air excess and low nitrogen content in comparison with fossil fuels also is impartment reason., another a fact that most of the nitrogen (N) in biomass is released as ammonia (NH3) which acts as a reducing agent with NOx to form nitrogen (N2).
Feasibility Analysis of a Method for Physical Source Apportionment of PM2.5 Based on Particle Morphology and Size Distribution
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Yao Dong , Zhang Qi Xing , Hu Hai Bing , Zhang Yong Ming
Published: December 2013

Inhalable particles do harm to the environment and health, especially fine particles, also as PM2.5. PM2.5 is the key pollutant of the compound air pollution, and becomes the primary indicator of the urban air pollution. Source apportionment to track the source of the particulate matter is important to the evaluation of the effect of pollution sources on environment and health. It can also provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of air pollution. Methods of chemical source apportionment have been accurate and developed based on the assumption of linear combination of receptor model with much mathematical computing and complex operations. The physical characteristics such as morphology and size distribution of particulates from different sources are significantly different. We could establish data base of physical properties about atmospheric particulates, and develop a new physical method of source apportionment used in quantitative analysis.
Environment Quality Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils of Shilou Town in Fangshan District of Beijing
Authors: Han Ping , Feng Xiao Yuan , Wang Ji Hua
Published: December 2013

Concentration of 7 heavy metals in 269 topsoil samples were determined which collected from Shilou town of Fangshan district in Beijing, and the data was analyzed by the single factor index and the Nemerow index for the soil environment quality evaluation. The mean values of the heavy metals were 8.24 ± 1.42, 0.209 ± 0.07, 62.99 ±8.89, 0.133 ± 0.11, 25.29 ± 5.02, 23.91 ± 5.72 and 86.29 ± 28.13 mg kg-1 for As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Average concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn exceeded the background value of Beijing area. It was found that all heavy metals were not in normal distribution. The soil environment quality was evaluated by single factor pollution index and Nemerow index of heavy metals. The order of single factor index was Cd, Zn, Hg, Cu, Cr, Pb, As in decreasing. Average Nemerow index of soil was 0.918. This value was reached to the grade III standard of soil environmental quality assessment classification.
The Feasibility on Application of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Screening Dioxin Soil on Contaminated Site
Authors: Huang Jun Ying , Lee Cheng Haw
Published: December 2013

Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbant Assay (ELISA) is a dioxin screening test method, which has several advantages such like low setup cost, low analysis cost, low technical barriers, simple operation, and short analysis time. The case study of this study is a dioxin contaminated site. ELISA was applied in this site due to its widely contaminated range, numerous surveys, and short remediation period. The experience earned in this case study could be the reference for similar pollution site in the future.
Research of Coagulation - Fenton Oxidation Treat the Corn Starch Wastewater
Authors: Liu Xiao Tong , Cheng Sheng Gao , Shi Yi , Wang Yin
Published: December 2013

This paper is based on using coagulation--Fenton oxidation treat the corn starch wastewater, to determine the best conditions of coagulation and oxidation. Experimental results show that at the first coagulation stage, determining polyaluminium chloride (PAC) as the optimal coagulant and optimal dosing quantity of 10ml·L-1, PAC and coagulant aid polyacrylamide (PAM) dosing quantity proportion is 2:2, pH=7, the temperature of 35 °C, CODCr removal effect is best; at Fenton oxidation stage, Fe2+/ H2O2 is 2:5, CODCr removal efficiency; At the second coagulation stage, PAC and PAM dosing quantity is 70 ml·L-1, CODCr removal effectiency. The processing method has good treatment effect, it can reduce the CODCr, SS and chroma of wastewater, and eventually recycle the SS as amyloid protein and used for subsequent product production. Meanwhile, the processing method improves the economic benefit and has a high removal rate. The equipment is simple, and just cover a small area, it’s easy to operate, and doesn’t produce secondary pollution, etc.