bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional compressed sensing to advance 23Na multi‐quantum coherences MRI
Authors: Licht Christian , Reichert Simon , Guye Maxime , Schad Lothar R. , Rapacchi Stanislas
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Sodium (23Na) multi‐quantum coherences (MQC) MRI was accelerated using three‐dimensional (3D) and a dedicated five‐dimensional (5D) compressed sensing (CS) framework for simultaneous Cartesian single (SQ) and triple quantum (TQ) sodium imaging of in vivo human brain at 3.0 and 7.0 T.

Theory and Methods

3D 23Na MQC MRI requires multi‐echo paired with phase‐cycling and exhibits thus a multidimensional space. A joint reconstruction framework to exploit the sparsity in all imaging dimensions by extending the conventional 3D CS framework to 5D was developed. 3D MQC images of simulated brain, phantom and healthy brain volunteers obtained from 3.0 T and 7.0 T were retrospectively and prospectively undersampled. Performance of the CS models were analyzed by means of structural similarity index (SSIM), root mean squared error (RMSE), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and signal quantification of tissue sodium concentration and TQ/SQ ratio.

Results

It was shown that an acceleration of three‐fold, leading to less than min of scan time with a resolution of at 3.0 T, are possible. 5D CS improved SSIM by 3%, 5%, 1% and reduced RMSE by 50%, 30%, 8% for in vivo SQ, TQ, and TQ/SQ ratio maps, respectively. Furthermore, for the first time prospective undersampling enabled unprecedented high resolution from to MQC images of in vivo human brain at 7.0 T without extending acquisition time.

Conclusion

5D CS proved to allow up to three‐fold acceleration retrospectively on 3.0 T data. 2‐fold acceleration was demonstrated prospectively at 7.0 T to reach higher spatial resolution of 23Na MQC MRI.
Long‐term monitoring of huddling behavior in mice using online image processing
Authors: Nomoto Kensaku , Tajima Jitsu , Kikusui Takefumi , Mogi Kazutaka
Published: October 2023

Many animal species, including mice, form societies of numerous individuals for survival. Understanding the interactions between individual animals is crucial for elucidating group behavior. One such behavior in mice is huddling, yet its analysis has been limited. In this study, we propose a cost‐effective method for monitoring long‐term huddling behavior in mice using online image processing with OpenCV. This method treats a single mouse or a group of mice as a cluster of pixels (a ‘blob’) in video images, extracting and saving only essential information such as areas, coordinates, and orientations. This approach reduces data storage needs to 1/200000th of what would be required if the video were recorded in its compressed form, thereby enabling long‐term behavioral analysis. To validate the performance of our algorithm, ~2000 video frames were randomly chosen. We manually counted the number of clusters of mice in these frames and compared them with the number of blobs automatically detected by the algorithm. The results indicated a high level of consistency, exceeding 90% across the selected video frames. Initial observations of both male and female groups suggested some variations in huddling behavior among male and female groups; however, these results should be interpreted cautiously due to a small sample. Group behavior is known to be disrupted in several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism. Various mouse models of these disorders have been proposed. Our measurement system, when combined with drug or genetic modification screening, could provide a valuable tool for high‐throughput analyses of huddling behavior.
Reducing the use of psychotropics in a convalescent rehabilitation ward
Authors: Uematsu Takuya , Tomita Takashi , Obara Ryo , Gonai Takuya , Hattori Koshi , Aonuma Takanori , Usui Kensuke , Tanifuji Hiroaki , Ishizawa Fumiaki , Ishii Hiroshi , Suzuki Eiji
Published: October 2023

Aims

Many patients who are transferred to the convalescent rehabilitation ward of Kawasaki Kokoro Hospital (hereinafter, our hospital) are on psychotropics prescribed for delirium by their physicians at acute care hospitals. In this study, psychiatrists and pharmacists collaborated with rehabilitation physicians to reduce the use of psychotropics.

Methods

The basic information and psychotropics prescription statuses of 88 patients discharged from the convalescent rehabilitation ward of our hospital between April 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022 were derived from their medical records.

Results

At admission, psychotropics were prescribed to 55 patients and the number of prescribed drugs was 2 (median). At discharge, psychotropics were prescribed to 41 patients and the number of prescribed drugs was 1 (median), showing a significant decrease (p < 0.05). Compared with those at admission, prescribed psychotropic doses at discharge were significantly higher for lemborexant but significantly lower for antipsychotics, benzodiazepine/nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, antidepressants, suvorexant, ramelteon, and sodium valproate (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

These results suggest that it may be possible to reduce the types and doses of psychotropics prescribed at acute care hospitals in convalescent rehabilitation wards. However, further investigation is needed because the number of patients in this study was limited, and selection bias due to different patient characteristics cannot be ruled out.
Radiotherapy and long‐term sequelae in pediatric patients with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma: Results of two Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) trials and one registry
Authors: Sparber‐Sauer Monika , Dietzschold Maximilian , Schönstein Anton , Heinz Amadeus , Vokuhl Christian , Pajtler Kristian W. , Harrabi Semi , Lin Yi‐Lan , Kalle Thekla von , Hagen Rudolf , Ladenstein Ruth , Kazanowska Bernarda , Ljungman Gustaf , Klingebiel Thomas , Ebinger Martin , Koscielniak Ewa , Münter Marc , Timmermann Beate ,   the CWS Study Group
Published: October 2023

Background

Parameningeal location of rhabdomyosarcoma (PM RMS) is known to be an unfavorable prognostic factor. Scarce data are available on radiotherapy (RT) concepts with regard to outcome.

Methods

Treatment and outcome of 395 children with PM RMS registered within two Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) trials and one registry (1995–2021) were evaluated.

Results

Patients were IRS group II (n = 15) and III (n = 380) and received systemic treatment according to the enrolled protocols: I2VA (n = 172), VAIA/CEVAIE (n = 223). Delayed resection was performed in 88/395 (22%) patients, and RT was additionally given in 79/88 (90%) resected patients. RT was the predominant local treatment in 355/395 (90%) patients: hyperfractionated accelerated photon (HART; n = 77), conventionally fractionated photon (n = 91) or proton beam (n = 126), brachytherapy (n = 4), heavy ions (n = 1), not available (n = 56). In the subgroup of RT as only local treatment (n = 278), no intracranial tumor extension and complete remission at end of treatment were significant positive prognostic factors. No significant difference on tumor outcome was seen between different radiotherapy concepts. Long‐term toxicity with mostly endocrinological and visual deficiencies was reported in 161/279 (58%) surviving patients with a lower trend after proton beam RT (48%) when compared to HART or conventionally fractionated photon RT (71% and 72%, respectively). Ten‐year event‐free and overall survival in the overall group were 62% (±5, 95% confidence interval [CI]) and 67% (±5, 95% CI); in the RT‐only group 67% (±6, 95% CI) and 71% (±6, 95% CI), respectively.

Conclusion

CWS data confirm the recent RT concept in PM RMS. Long‐term sequelae as endocrinological and visual deficiencies need to be addressed.
Aboriginal children with cancer: The patient and healthcare worker perspective
Authors: Jessop Sophie , Hill Shandelle , Bicanin Kon , Day Tanya , Turner Jess , O'Connell Megan , Highfold Rose , Revesz Tom
Published: October 2023

There are inequitable health outcomes for Aboriginal children with cancer. A quality improvement audit performed at our institution through interviews with families and healthcare workers has highlighted individual, systematic and cultural barriers to equitable and culturally safe healthcare for Aboriginal patients, in addition to facilitators and recommendations for improvements.
Singularity Free Star Model Characterized by Quintessence Field in Quadratic f(Q)$f(Q)$ Gravity
Authors: Bhar Piyali
Published: October 2023

In the context of the theory of gravity, a spherically symmetric quintessence DE model in this article is offered. For this reason, has the formula , where Q stands for the non‐metricity scalar and ‘a’ is the coupling constant for modified gravity has been taken into account. It is supposed that the quintessence field defined by the parameter , where , controls the energy‐momentum tensor of the underlying fluid distribution. The relationship between several physical parameters for the selected values of ‘a’, by choosing the metric potentials suggested by the Krori‐Barua [Krori and Barua; J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 8: 508, 1975] is investigated. Further, a number of analyses in detail to examine the physical validity of the proposed stellar model are carried out. The consequences of the compact star system caused by the connection of matter and geometry are succinctly described. The maximum allowable mass and radius for our present model for different values of ‘a’ have been studied by and curve. One can recover the usual general relativity (GR) standard results for .
Disease control outcomes of stereotactic body radiation therapy or moderate hypo‐fractionation for prostate cancer: Real‐world experience at two Canadian centers
Authors: Hu Hsin‐pei , Anagnostopoulos Gregory , Gouran‐Savadkoohi Mohammad , Dayes Ian , Ishkanian Adrian , Hallock Abhirami , Lukka Himanshu , Quan Kimmen , Schnarr Kara , Cuthbert David , Goldberg Mira , Chang Yi Meng , Tsakiridis Theodoros
Published: October 2023

Background

Advantages of using stereotactic body radiation therapy to treat prostate cancer include short treatment times, decreased costs, and limited toxicity. Randomized trial outcomes comparing 5‐fraction stereotactic body radiation therapy to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy or hypo‐fractionated radiation therapy are pending.

Objective

We report the 10‐year experience with 5‐fraction stereotactic body radiation therapy and hypo‐fractionated radiation therapy at two Canadian centers.

Material and Methods

Patients with low‐ or intermediate‐risk prostate cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy alone (35–40 Gy in 5 fractions) or hypo‐fractionated radiation therapy alone (60–62 Gy in 20 fractions) in the period of July 2010 and June 2020. The biochemical relapse‐free survival, PSA nadir, interval time to PSA nadir, time to biochemical recurrence (2 ng/ml above PSA nadir) and overall survival were reviewed. Outcomes between treatment groups were compared after propensity‐matching by patient baseline characteristics. Kaplan‐Meier curves were used to assess biochemical relapse‐free survival and overall survival.

Results

We identified 205 and 513 patients with low or intermediate‐risk prostate cancer who were treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy or hypo‐fractionation, respectively. Intermediate‐risk category composed 81% and 95% of the stereotactic body radiation therapy and hypo‐fractionated radiation therapy cohorts, respectively. After a median follow up of 58.6 months for the stereotactic body radiation therapy cohort and 45.0 months for the hypo‐fractionated cohort, biochemical relapse‐free survival and overall survival were not significantly different between treatment groups. The 5‐year biochemical relapse‐free survival rates were 92.1% and 93.6% and overall survival rates were 96.4% and 95.0% for the stereotactic body radiation therapy and hypo‐fractionated cohorts, respectively, after propensity‐matching. Stereotactic body radiation therapy resulted in a significantly lower PSA nadir (0.18 ng/ml) compared to hypo‐fractionated radiation therapy (0.48 ng/ml) in patients with low‐risk prostate cancer. Mean time to biochemical recurrence was not different between treatment groups.

Conclusions

Stereotactic body radiation therapy is an effective treatment option for low and intermediate‐risk prostate cancer with encouraging biochemical relapse‐free survival and overall survival rates comparable with hypo‐fractionated radiation therapy.
SLAM (CD150) receptor homologous peptides block the peste des petits ruminants virus entry into B95a cells
Authors: Agrawal Aditya , Varshney Rajat , Gattani Anil , Kirthika Perumalraja , Gupta Rohini , Kumar Deepak , Singh Rabindra Prasad , Singh Praveen
Published: October 2023

The fusion of haemagglutinin‐neuraminidase (HN) protein of peste des petits ruminant (PPR) virus with signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAM) host cell receptor consequences the virus entry and multiplication inside the host cell. The use of synthetic SLAM homologous peptides (i.e., molecular decoy for HN protein of PPR virus) may check PPR infection at the preliminary stage. Hence, the predicted SLAM homologous peptides using bioinformatics tools were synthesized by solid phase chemistry with standard Merrifield's 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) chemistry and were purified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The secondary structures of synthesized peptides were elucidated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The in vitro interactions of these peptides were studied through indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and visual surface plasmon UV‐visible spectroscopy. The SLAM homologous peptides were able to interact with the peste des petits ruminant virus (PPRV) with varying binding efficiency. The interaction of SLAM homologous peptide with the PPR virus was ascertained by the change in the plasmon color from red wine to purple during visual detection and also by bathochromic shift in absorbance spectra under UV‐visible spectrophotometry. The cytotoxic and anti‐PPRV effect of these peptides were also evaluated in B95a cell line using PPR virus (Sungri/96). The cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) value of each peptide was greater than 1000 μg mL−1. The anti‐PPRV efficiency of SLAM‐22 was relatively high among SLAM homologous peptides, SLAM‐22 at 25 μg mL−1 concentration showed a reduction of more than log10 3 virus titer by priming of B95a cell line while the use of SLAM‐15 and Muco‐17 at the same concentration dropped virus titer from log10 4.8 to log10 2.5 and log10 3.1 respectively. The concentration of SLAM homologous peptide (25 μg mL−1) to exert its anti‐PPRV effect was much less than its CC50 level (>1000 μg mL−1). Therefore, the synthetic SLAM homologous peptides may prove to be better agents to target PPRV.
Effects of Annealing and Domain Structure on the Photovoltaic Response in Pb[(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.70Ti0.30]O3 Single Crystal
Authors: Kapustianyk Volodymyr , Mostovoi Ustym , Semak Svitlana , Eliyashevskyy Yuriy
Published: October 2023

Crystalline acentricity leading to the photovoltaic (PV) effect in ferroelectrics (FEs) emerges these materials as important candidates for the PV cells potentially overcoming the Shockley–Queisser limit of semiconductors. However, this research direction still requires more investigations to develop reliable pathways for PV efficiency optimization. Herein, it is reported that due to the sample annealing above the Curie point the PV effect asymmetry with respect to the poling sign can be compensated and intrinsic PV response of the FE crystal can be increased by more than 20% in comparison with the pristine sample. It is also reported how the orientation of domain walls can be used to engineer the PV effect in the subcoercive electric field region. The reported results contribute to better understanding of PV effect tuning in the FEs paving the way for more efficient and sustainable solar energy utilization.
An Ab Initio Investigation of CdSnN2Under Uniaxial Compressions
Authors: Li Li , Chen Kai , Chang Xiangrong , Chu Longsheng , Xu Yonggang , Hu Chunfeng , Feng Qingguo
Published: October 2023

Herein, the behaviors of CdSnN2are computationally investigated under uniaxial compressions based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and a DFT‐1/2 scheme. When the compression is in [100] direction, phase transition is observed fromPna21toPnmaphase when the compression is larger than 30 GPa, while no phase change is observed for uniaxial compressions along [010] and [001] directions. For the former one, the bandgap first increases with a maximum at 20 GPa, followed with a reduction upon the critical pressure and nearly a constant above 30 GPa. The bulk modulus nearly increases monotonically except for the transit region from 20 to 29 GPa, and the shear modulus decreases to 29 GPa and then increases forPnmaphase. When compression is along [010] direction, the bandgap nearly remains around 0.620 eV. The bulk modulus increases with a maximum around 25 GPa and then decreases, while the shear modulus monotonically decreases. The bandgap first increases and then shrinks monotonically with increasing compression in [001] direction. The bulk modulus monotonically increases and the shear modulus decreases. The absorption is then calculated and discussed. The anisotropic behaviors of CdSnN2may hence indicate some potential applications.
Density functional theory study of the styrylbenzoquinoline dyad and the related dibenzoquinolylcyclobutane formed in the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction
Authors: Budyka Mikhail F.
Published: October 2023

The structure and electronic properties of the biphotochromic dyad with two styrylbenzo[f]quinoline photochromes, as well as the corresponding cyclobutane with two benzo[f]quinoline (BQ) substituents, are studied by DFT at the M06‐2X/6‐31G* level, the cyclobutane being a product of the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition (PCA) reaction of the dyad. According to calculations, the dyad forms π‐stacked folded conformers, which, when excited, can form excimers that are precursors of cyclobutane. TD DFT calculations and natural transition orbital (NTO) analysis indicated that the lowest singlet excited S1 state in the dyad is localized on the SBQ photochrome, including the ethylene group that undergoes PCA. Thus, the conditions for concerted electrocyclic reactions are satisfied, and the direct PCA follows the Woodward–Hoffmann rules. In contrast, in cyclobutane, the S1 state is localized on the BQ substituent rather than on the cyclobutane core. Therefore, the reverse ring‐opening (retro‐PCA) reaction cannot follow the Woodward‐Hoffmann rules and inevitably involves a step of excitation energy transfer from BQ to cyclobutane, which means the predissociation mechanism.
Low‐Temperature ALD of SbOx/Sb2Te3 Multilayers with Boosted Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Yang Jun , Mukherjee Samik , Lehmann Sebastian , Krahl Fabian , Wang Xiaoyu , Potapov Pavel , Lubk Axel , Ritschel Tobias , Geck Jochen , Nielsch Kornelius
Published: October 2023

Nanoscale superlattice (SL) structures have proven to be effective in enhancing the thermoelectric (TE) properties of thin films. Herein, the main phase of antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) thin film with sub‐nanometer layers of antimony oxide (SbOx) is synthesized via atomic layer deposition (ALD) at a low temperature of 80 °C. The SL structure is tailored by varying the cycle numbers of Sb2Te3 and SbOx. A remarkable power factor of 520.8 µW m−1 K−2 is attained at room temperature when the cycle ratio of SbOx and Sb2Te3 is set at 1:1000 (i.e., SO:ST = 1:1000), corresponding to the highest electrical conductivity of 339.8 S cm−1. The results indicate that at the largest thickness, corresponding to ten ALD cycles, the SbOx layers act as a potential barrier that filters out the low‐energy charge carriers from contributing to the overall electrical conductivity. In addition to enhancing the scattering of the mid‐to‐long‐wavelength at the SbOx/Sb2Te3 interface, the presence of the SbOx sub‐layer induces the confinement effect and strain forces in the Sb2Te3 thin film, thereby effectively enhancing the Seebeck coefficient and reducing the thermal conductivity. These findings provide a new perspective on the design of SL‐structured TE materials and devices.
RbPbI3 Seed Embedding in PbI2 Substrate Tailors the Facet Orientation and Crystallization Kinetics of Perovskites
Authors: Yu Guoping , Huang Yuanmei , Khan Danish , Sui Yujie , Wang Shuanglin , Yang Xiqi , Zhou Wencai , Chang Kai , Tang Jun , Chen Wei , Han Peigang , Tang Zeguo
Published: October 2023

High power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have always been awe‐inspiring, but perovskite films scalability is an exacting precondition for PSCs commercial deployment, generally unachievable through the antisolvent technique. On the contrary, in the two‐step sequential method, the perovskite's uncontrolled crystallization and unnecessary PbI2 residue impede the device's performance. These two issues motivated to empower the PbI2 substrate with orthorhombic RbPbI3 crystal seeds, which act as grown nuclei and develop orientated perovskites lattice stacks, improving the perovskite films morphologically and reducing the PbI2 content in eventual perovskite films. Thence, achieving a PCE of 24.17% with suppressed voltage losses and an impressive life span of 1140 h in the open air.
Carbon Dots‐Embedded Silica Tubes: An Excitation‐Independent Yellow‐Emitting Turn‐On Probe for Simultaneous Detection and Removal of Inorganic Arsenic with In Vivo Tracking in Living Organisms
Authors: Yadav Sanjay , Choudhary Nishu , Sonpal Vasavdutta , Paital Alok Ranjan
Published: October 2023

The environmental monitoring and remediation of highly toxic inorganic arsenic species in natural water are needed for the benefit of the ecosystem. Current studies on arsenic detection and removal often employ separate materials, which exhibit blue luminescence with fluorescence quenching, making them unsuitable for biological and environmental samples. In this study, carbon dot‐embedded mesoporous silica tubes functionalized with melamine are synthesized to address these limitations and enable specific and turn‐on probing of inorganic arsenic. The newly synthesized material demonstrates excitation‐independent yellow luminescence and can effectively detect both As (III) and As (V) at low detection limits (11 × 10−9 m, 11.2 × 10−9 m), well below the prescribed threshold limits in drinking water. It also exhibits a high adsorption capacity (≈125, 159 mg g−1) with fast kinetics. The material's applicability in environmental samples is validated through the successful quantification of arsenic in real samples with satisfactory recoveries. Moreover, the material shows recyclability for reuse, as demonstrated by its arsenic adsorption and desorption for several cycles under basic conditions. Additionally, the material's capability for monitoring arsenic in a biological sample (Artemia salina) is demonstrated through fluorescence imaging. The encouraging outcomes underscore the material's potential use in monitoring and mitigating arsenic in aqueous systems.
Modeling the Precipitation of Aluminum Nitride Inclusions during Solidification of High‐Aluminum Steels
Authors: Shu Qifeng , Visuri Ville-Valtteri , Alatarvas Tuomas , Fabritius Timo
Published: October 2023

High‐aluminum advanced high‐strength steels have received increasing interest due to their excellent combination of strength and ductility. The control of nonmetallic inclusions in steel is among the most important issue for the production of high‐aluminum steel. This study proposes a model for the evolution of size distributions of AlN inclusions during solidification of steel based on the Kampmann–Wagner numerical model and microsegregation calculation. Both homogeneous (pure AlN) and heterogeneous precipitations (AlN+oxide or MnS) are described using homogeneous nucleation and free growth models of Greer et al. respectively. The model is applied to calculate the size distributions of AlN in high‐Al (up to 5%) Fe–Cr–Al steels and high‐ and medium‐manganese steels and validated by the experimental data in the literature. The model correctly describes the influence of cooling rates on the precipitation of AlN in Fe–Cr–Al steels and high‐manganese steels, and the sizes of AlN are reduced and the number densities of AlN inclusions are increased by increasing the cooling rate. The effects of nitrogen and aluminum concentration in medium‐manganese steel on inclusion precipitation are investigated by the model calculation. The increases in nitrogen and aluminum concentration facilitate the homogeneous precipitation of AlN inclusions.
Multiphase Solidification Modeling of Solidification Structure Evolution and Macrosegregation of Round Bloom Continuous Casting Process with Mold Electromagnetic Stirring and Final Electromagnetic Stirring
Authors: Yang Yuwei , Luo Sen , Wang Weiling , Zhu Miaoyong
Published: October 2023

Based on Eulerian–Eulerian method, a 3D/2D multiphase solidification model, which takes into consideration the heat transfer and fluid flow with grains nucleation and crystal growth, is developed to predict the macrostructure evolution and macrosegregation in continuously cast round bloom. The results show that the mold electromagnetic stirring (M‐EMS) can accelerate superheat dissipation and promote grain nucleation, but the horizontal swirl induced by M‐EMS has a strong washing effect on the solidification front and leads to subsurface negative segregation. When the M‐EMS current intensity increases from 200 to 300 A, the subsurface negative segregation ratio decreases from 0.935 to 0.875. The final electromagnetic stirring (F‐EMS) not only improves the center segregation, but also leads to the formation of negative segregation zone near the round bloom center due to the enhancement of solute washing induced by F‐EMS. As the F‐EMS current intensity increases from 150 to 300 A, the center segregation ratio decreases from 1.148 to 1.075, and the negative segregation ratio near the strand center decreases from 0.985 to 0.977. Another phenomenon is found that the nucleation of equiaxed grain ahead of columnar tips restrains the solute diffusion and leads to a local macrosegregation in columnar‐to‐equiaxed transition zone.
Implementation guide for process safety management
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Imran , Athar Muhammad , Mobeen Ayesha , Asif Mahnoor , Hanif Muqaddas
Published: October 2023

A general guide how to implement process safety management (PSM) is missing in the literature. This article provides general procedure to implement PSM which any industry in underdeveloped, developing and developed countries can adopt to start PSM implementation. PSM implementation can be initiated through the proposed framework consisting of four steps: (1) PSM introduction, (2) Assigning departmental wise PSM duties, (3) Trainings and (4) Audits and improvements. Trainings include process hazard analysis (PHA) using Integrated What‐If/HAZOP analysis, quantitative risk assessments using ALOHA or equivalent software, PSM forms developments and other trainings. In a case study, ammonia release is estimated and quantified using ALOHA. Nine various forms for PSM are required to be developed for industry implementing PSM. Various trainings should be arranged including specific learning outcomes and few examples are discussed in this article. An audit scheme is proposed for any new industry implementing PSM. PSM elements implementation sequence is discussed. New established industries can adopt this procedure to implement PSM following suggested forms and sequences, which can help engineers in understanding PSM implementation. This PSM implementation proposed framework is being implemented in the fertilizer industry and caustic industry.
Profiling wind LiDAR measurements to quantify blockage for onshore wind turbines
Authors: Moss Coleman , Puccioni Matteo , Maulik Romit , Jacquet Clément , Apgar Dale , Valerio Iungo Giacomo
Published: October 2023

Flow modifications induced by wind turbine rotors on the incoming atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), such as blockage and speedups, can be important factors affecting the power performance and annual energy production (AEP) of a wind farm. Further, these rotor‐induced effects on the incoming ABL can vary significantly with the characteristics of the incoming wind, such as wind shear, veer, and turbulence intensity, and turbine operative conditions. To better characterize the complex flow physics underpinning the interaction between turbine rotors and the ABL, a field campaign was performed by deploying profiling wind LiDARs both before and after the construction of an onshore wind turbine array. Considering that the magnitude of these rotor‐induced flow modifications represents a small percentage of the incoming wind speed (
), high accuracy needs to be achieved for the analysis of the experimental data and generation of flow predictions. Further, flow distortions induced by the site topography and effects of the local climatology need to be quantified and differentiated from those induced by wind turbine rotors. To this aim, a suite of statistical and machine learning models, such as k‐means cluster analysis coupled with random forest predictions, are used to quantify and predict flow modifications for different wind and atmospheric conditions. The experimental results show that wind velocity reductions of up to 3% can be observed at an upstream distance of 1.5 rotor diameter from the leading wind turbine rotor, with more significant effects occurring for larger positive wind shear. For more complex wind conditions, such as negative shear and low‐level jet, the rotor induction becomes highly complex entailing either velocity reductions (down to 9%) below hub height and velocity increases (up to 3%) above hub height. The effects of the rotor induction on the incoming wind velocity field seem to be already roughly negligible at an upstream distance of three rotor diameters. The results from this field experiment will inform models to simulate wind‐turbine and wind‐farm operations with improved accuracy for flow predictions in the proximity of the rotor area, which will be instrumental for more accurate quantification of wind farm blockage and relative effects on AEP.
A Simple TLS-Treatment of the Partial EIV-Model as One with Singular Cofactor Matrices I: The Case of a KRONECKER Product for $$Q_A = Q_0\otimes Q_x$$
Authors: Jazaeri Shahram , Schaffrin Burkhard , Snow Kyle
Published: October 2023

Following the pioneering work in the PhD dissertation by Snow (PhD thesis, Rep. No. 502, Div. of Geodetic Sci, School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, 2012), the two articles by Schaffrin et al. (J Geodetic Sci 4(1):28–36, 2014) and by Jazaeri et al. (Z für Vermessungswesen 139(4):229–240, 2014) provided a broad overview of the Total Least-Squares (TLS) adjustment within EIV-Models with singular cofactor matrices. Around the same time, Xu et al. (J Geodesy 86:661–675, 2012) proposed a specific algorithm to find the TLS solution within a partial EIV-Model, which has been improved by various authors since, including Shi et al. (J Geodesy 89(1):13–16, 2015), Wang et al. (Cehui Xuebao/Acta Geodaet et Cartograph Sinica 46(8):978–987, 2017), Zhao (Surv Rev 49(356):346–354, 2017), and Han et al. (Surv Rev 52(371):126–133, 2020), to name a few. On the other hand, it is easy to see that the partial EIV-Model is a special case of the general EIV-Model with singular cofactor matrices and thus does not need a separate class of algorithms unless they are more efficient than the standard algorithms. This, however, does not seem to be guaranteed as will be shown in this contribution for the straight-line adjustment under
$$Q_A = Q_0 \otimes Q_x$$

Q

A

=

Q

0

⊗

Q

x

. As a consequence, we shall argue that, rather than discussing the partial EIV-Model, it would be more worthwhile to make the respective developments within an EIV-Model with singular cofactor matrices directly.
New Tidal Analysis of Superconducting Gravimeter Records at Metsähovi, Finland
Authors: Raja-Halli Arttu , Nordman Maaria , Ruotsalainen Hannu , Virtanen Heikki
Published: October 2023

Superconducting gravimeters are the most sensitive instruments for monitoring gravitational changes. At the Metsähovi Geodetic Research Station in southern Finland, a superconducting gravimeter has been operating since 1994. It can be used to monitor crustal loading effects affecting the other geodetic measurements made at the station. Gravimeters iGrav-013 and iOSG-022 replaced the old gravimeter SG-T020 at Metsähovi in 2016. The first step was to do a new local tidal gravity modelling for Metsähovi Geodetic Research Station based on the first 5.5 years of iGrav-013 and iOSG-022 superconducting gravimeter data. Here we present the first analysis of the gravity data and the results of tidal analysis of Earth body tides and ocean tidal loading.
Composing the Incomprehensible: A Cinematic Inquiry into Anthroposcenic Proximity
Authors: Vola Joonas
Published: October 2023

This work presents a post-qualitative inquiry into using cinema as a method for studying proximity. The vastness of spatiotemporal dimensions makes the comprehension of the Anthropocene through the lens of closeness a major dilemma. One can try to perceive this epoch in terms of a landscape: a ‘scopic’ scenery seen from a distance or, in contrast, a shape composed from the land by repeated acts and mass of actors. This dominant human influence from the network of actors invested in this geological era in the making is visible in an experimental documentary film,Koyaannisqatsi—The world out of balance(1982). The film utilises timelapse and slow motion to de- and rehumanise the mass and speed of human movement, strategies implemented alongside its musical score, a soundscape of repetitive phrases and shifting layers. These cinematic techniques reveal the ‘anthroposcenic’ in mundane life, locating the hyperobject of the Anthropocene as a perceivable ANThroposcenery.
Suggestions for Future Wanders
Authors: Höckert Emily , Kinnunen Veera , Rantala Outi
Published: October 2023

In this book, we have been messing up and speculating rather than classifying, offering accurate representations or nailing things down. Instead of providing clear answers or claiming to solve the ecological crisis, we have tested different ways of attending to our proximate relations with a curiosity about what might happen or become. In this spirit, the last pages of the book provide suggestions that can help us continue to engage with the mode of wonder in the Anthropocene.
Inquiring with Hospitable Methodologies
Authors: Höckert Emily , Grimwood Bryan S. R.
Published: October 2023

In ‘Inquiring with hospitable methodologies,’ Emily Höckert and Bryan Grimwood engage with postcolonial philosophies of hospitality that approach ethical subjectivity as openness to alterity and ‘the other.’ Following especially in the footsteps of Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida, the chapter explores what research would be or become, and what research would do, if oriented around the metaphor of hospitality. Through slow thinking with proximate relations and the exchange of letters and postcards, they reflect the different ways hosts and guests—both human and non-human—make space for otherness and negotiate the conditions of hospitality in different kinds of homes. The chapter serves as an invitation to engage in proximate relations with other-oriented ethics of generosity and preparedness to be unprepared.
Becoming Fragile
Authors: Jutila Salla , Höckert Emily , Rantala Outi
Published: October 2023

Our chapter springs from discussions about our roles as tourism researchers in the Arctic in the midst of ecological crisis. We see this chapter as an opportunity to become and stay proximate with the idea of fragility as a collective space where we recognise our weaknesses, dependencies, and solidarities—the fragility of life. We approach fragility as a relational notion helping us to gain new understandings of our entanglements with the more-than-human world and as a vital element of carefull research orientations. As our inspiration, we use memory recalling, looking back, and writing about our experiences as tourism researchers at the University of Lapland. The feminist memory-work method highlights the collective construction of memories through sharing, discussing, and theorising about them as a whole. Applying collective memory work on and with fragility offers us a research method that we have started to call a collective fragility work. Our stories underline the importance of recognising our shared fragilities in relational approaches of becoming—of being and living in the damaged world and engaging in research from those premises.
Composition of Weakly Nonlinear Time Invariant Systems
Authors: Beffa Federico
Published: October 2023

When building large systems, it’s common to construct them by combining smaller subsystems. To gain the ability to investigate such systems, in this section we study the fundamental operation of cascading two systems, that is, of connecting the output of one system to the input of another one. In our treatment we are going to assume that this connection doesn’t change the behavior of the involved systems. This is not always the case. Therefore, before applying what follows, we must carefully ponder this aspect.
Introduction
Authors: Farnsworth Brandon , Grüny Christian
Published: October 2023

The introduction contextualises the question of institutional critique in New Music in three steps: first, it proposes an understanding of institutions that accounts for the fundamental and pervasive character of institutions in human society, their tenaciousness, and their mechanisms of exclusion, drawing on Arnold Gehlen and Sara Ahmed. On this view, denormalisation and/or displacement are a prerequisite for critique. Second, it traces the development of institutional critique in the arts guided by the development of the avant-garde and the questions of critique’s relation to its object, its possible complicity and radicality, and the relation of the different arts. Third, it considers the specific situation of New Music, finding it relatively isolated and fixated on the dispositive of the concert but still identifying numerous artistic and institutional initiatives that point towards a more open understanding of musical practice and call for or practice institutional change.
“We Started Expanding the ‘Us,’ Rather Than Including Someone Else”—Peter Meanwell and Tine Rude Interviewed by Brandon Farnsworth
Authors: Meanwell Peter , Rude Tine , Farnsworth Brandon
Published: October 2023

The festival Borealis—a festival for experimental music in Bergen, Norway, whose artistic director Peter Meanwell and former managing director Tine Rude are being interviewed by Brandon Farnsworth, works with an expanded definition of experimentation in both programming and how it is organised. It focusses on including artists pushing boundaries in a variety of contexts, trying to move beyond being a festival for any one genre. The festival also extends its concept of experimentation to include how it is organised, linking the act of hearing other’s perspectives that experimental music demands of its listeners with fostering a sense of community among marginalised people and groups. This approach has led the festival to implement a number of accessibility and inclusion measures, creating a unique mix of forms of musical experimentation and community-building that materialise many other contributors’ calls for modelling change in both form and content.
“Positioning Myself Between Stools”—Hannes Seidl Interviewed by Christian Grüny
Authors: Seidl Hannes , Grüny Christian
Published: October 2023

Seidl discusses with Christian Grüny the limitations of the New Music institution today through the lens of some of his recent work. His approach bears similarities to Reinholdsten’s artist institution, creating ad hoc coalitions of curious collaborators rather than rely on existing customs and defaults, which lead to creating works that mostly re-actualise the structures they are contained within. In doing this, Seidl discusses how much of his artistic practice unfolds in between the institutional norms and expectations of the venues that host his work, revealing further complex puzzles of audience expectations, working methods, and affordances of spaces themselves.
“Framing Europe”—meLê yamomo Interviewed by Theresa Beyer
Authors: yamomo meLê , Beyer Theresa
Published: October 2023

Yamomo is interviewed by Theresa Beyer about his views on efforts to decolonise New Music, issues of critique that this raises, and how his biographical experience being Dutch and Filipino causes him to reflect on his status in between coloniser and colonised. For Yamomo, decolonialism, as with feminism and queerness before it, has already been eaten up by capitalism and now serves as a way of acquiring more capital. He argues that within contemporary music, the goal must not be to replace one system with another, but rather to focus on understanding the methods through which hierarchies and power positions are perpetuated in order to inform our decision-making as practitioners.
Gender Issues as Criticism Within (New) Music Institutions
Authors: Brüstle Christa
Published: October 2023

Why is the thematisation of gender linked to social criticism and criticism of music institutions as well as criticism of music as institution? Institutions and institutionalised organisations should be regarded as intermediate instances located between society as a whole and the individual. In them, gender relations are created and reproduced, discussed, and transformed. The thematisation of gender and the associated criticism within institutions then means, above all, dealing with gender-specific power relations. Moreover, the spectrum of approaches in art and art studies for thematising gender ranges from criticism of the exclusion of women from history to criticism of the dominance of certain discourses. Therefore, the integration of gender in the field of music implies aspects and measures of institutional gender equality policy as well as fundamental perspectives critical of music discourses, music theory, and musicology, and thus also institutionally critical perspectives.
Darmstadt and Its Discontents
Authors: Iddon Martin
Published: October 2023

Though the Darmstadt New Music Courses have often been the site of critique, relatively few of those critiques have brought about concrete change. This might be illustrated in its fullest form in the history of the courses in the 1970s. A sequence of protests appear, on the superficial level, to have been the proximate cause for a gradual transformation of the institution, in its move away from the authority of its earlier senior figures in favour of a more egalitarian model, where different approaches can co-exist. Yet this history belies the ways in which that apparent diversity both repeats the ways in which the territory of new music was historically divided up and that territorial disputes actually prevent criticism of the institution itself, critiques which were being undertaken by a small group of composers who arguably represented a very different possible, unrealised future for new music in the 1980s: Fernando Grillo, Moya Henderson, Christina Kubisch, and Davide Mosconi.
Sheltering Each Other from the Storms to Come. Why We Need to Become Allies Rather Than Critics of Liberal Cultural Institutions
Authors: Bhagwati Sandeep
Published: October 2023

This polemic chapter reflects on strategic conundrums and blind spots in the discourses and practices of activist and academic critique of powerful liberal cultural institutions. Why do we mostly censure those who already want to listen to us? Why do we shame mainly those who can at all be shamed into reactions? Are we not neglecting possible and necessary effects of our demands for diversity, equity and inclusion when we only focus on those who already see such issues as their concern, even if they have not yet been able to implement them within their institutions? What, in turn, do we do about cultural institutions and artistic traditions in authoritarian, homo- and transphobic, misogynist, xenophobic societies—not only those in Europe and North America, but everywhere? Do we have activist strategies and cogent arguments for those contexts? And should we not stand closer with and more emphatically support our allies within the liberal cultural institutions in operating in liberal democracies.
Optimal regularity for degenerate Kolmogorov equations in non-divergence form with rough-in-time coefficients
Authors: Pagliarani Stefano , Lucertini Giacomo , Pascucci Andrea
Published: October 2023

We consider a class of degenerate equations in non-divergence form satisfying a parabolic Hörmander condition, with coefficients that are measurable in time and Hölder continuous in the space variables. By utilizing a generalized notion of strong solution, we establish the existence of a fundamental solution and its optimal Hölder regularity, as well as Gaussian estimates. These results are key to study the backward Kolmogorov equations associated to a class of Langevin diffusions.
Intrinsic sub-Laplacian for hypersurface in a contact sub-Riemannian manifold
Authors: Barilari Davide , Habermann Karen
Published: October 2023

We construct and study the intrinsic sub-Laplacian, defined outside the set of characteristic points, for a smooth hypersurface embedded in a contact sub-Riemannian manifold. We prove that, away from characteristic points, the intrinsic sub-Laplacian arises as the limit of Laplace–Beltrami operators built by means of Riemannian approximations to the sub-Riemannian structure using the Reeb vector field. We carefully analyse three families of model cases for this setting obtained by considering canonical hypersurfaces embedded in model spaces for contact sub-Riemannian manifolds. In these model cases, we show that the intrinsic sub-Laplacian is stochastically complete and in particular, that the stochastic process induced by the intrinsic sub-Laplacian almost surely does not hit characteristic points.
Dermatitis herpetiformis und sonstige Formen der Weizensensitivität
Authors: Malkovics T. , Joura M. I. , Koszorú K. , Sárdy M.
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund

Die Weizensensitivität ist ein Sammelbegriff für mehrere, v. a. gastrointestinale Erkrankungen, die im Rahmen einer Überempfindlichkeitsreaktion nach Weizenverzehr auftreten. Die meistens Reizdarmsyndrom-ähnlichen Symptome werden oft von Hautveränderungen begleitet. Die Weizensensitivität umfasst neben der Zöliakie und der Dermatitis herpetiformis (die bullöse kutane Manifestation der Zöliakie) auch die Nicht-Zöliakie-Glutensensitivität (NCGS), die allergische Nickel-Kontaktmukositis, die Weizenallergie, die Amylase-Trypsin-Inhibitor-Intoleranz sowie die FODMAP(fermentierbare Oligosaccharide, Disaccharide, Monosaccharide und Polyole)-Intoleranz.

Ziel der Arbeit

Der Beitrag soll eine Übersicht über die klinischen, insbesondere dermatologischen und gastrointestinalen Eigenschaften der unterschiedlichen Weizensensitivitätsformen geben. Zudem werden die Diagnostik sowie mögliche Therapieformen erörtert.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgte eine selektive Literaturrecherche mit Evaluierung von durch die Autoren selbst erhobenen klinischen Daten.

Ergebnisse

Die Hautveränderungen sind bei der Dermatitis herpetiformis sehr krankheitsspezifisch. Bei der Weizenallergie treten jedoch häufig Symptome auf, die auch für andere Erkrankungen typisch sind. Sonstige Formen der Weizensensitivität manifestieren sich primär mit gastrointestinalen Auffälligkeiten, aber auch extraintestinale Symptome kommen vor. Die Diagnostik ist oft komplex und bedarf disziplinübergreifender Zusammenarbeit mit Gastroenterologen. Die Therapie besteht aus einer weizen- bzw. glutenfreien Diät.

Diskussion

Die Kenntnis unterschiedlicher und häufig auftretender dermatologischer Anzeichen einer Weizensensitivität ist von großer Bedeutung, da diese immer öfter im Zusammenhang mit einer gastrointestinalen Pathologie, Intoleranzreaktionen und Allergien diagnostiziert werden.