bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NOTES AND NEW SPECIES OF MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM WASHINGTON STATE
Authors: Clarke J. F. G.
Published: January 2010

In the latter part of May, 1933, larvae of this species were found feeding in the leaves of Hieracium scoueri Hook. Their presence was easily detected by the great distortion caused to the leaves, which were webbed together, particularly at the terminal ends, thus arresting normal development. All were collected at Pullman, Washington, by the writer.
A LIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES OF MAINE WITH NOTES CONCERNING SOME OF THEM (LEPID. RHOPALOCERA)
Authors: Dospassos C. F. , Grey L. P.
Published: January 2010

Fifty years have elapsed since the publication of Fernald's ”Butterflies of Maine.” In the meantime, many new records have been made and the number of species reported from the state has increased from sixty-nine to over one hundred.
A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF AESTIVATION AND OVERWINTERING OF THE OCCIDENT ANT, POGONOMYRMEX OCCIDENTALIS CRESSON, IN IDAHO
Authors: Cole A. C.
Published: January 2010

The phenomena of aestivation and overwintering of ants present a most interesting study. The similarities between the two as well as their many differences offer excellent comparisons. Little work has actually been accomplished with ants in this field in spite of the studies of arthropod hibernation instigated by Holmquist (I) and others. The purpose of this paper is to present some of the more important physical and biotic factors involved in the aestivation and overwintering periods of the Occident ant. Pogonomyrmex occidentalis Cresson, in a portion of the Northern Desert Shrub region, near Twin Falls, Idaho.
A NOTE ON NOVA SCOTIA HETEROPTERA
Authors: de la Torre-Bueno J. R.
Published: January 2010

With his usual kindness Mr. C. A. Frost sent me the subjoined Heteroptera collected by him in Nova Scotia in July 1927 and 1929, at Portaupique and Westchester. The latest data available on bugs from this part are contained in Blatchley's Heteroptera of Eastern North America; the most extensive list thus far pubished is Parshley's 1923 paper, Records of Nova Scotian Heteroptera, which appeared in Proceedings of the Acadian Entomological Society for 1922, pp. 102, 108. The present records have been checked against these; the order of the species, for convenience, is that of Blatchley's Heteroptera.
NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA V
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

Male. Length 13.9 mm. Body olivaceous green as in the subspecies harrisii Leng, elytra immaculate.

Female. Length 14 mm. Color as in the male but with the middle band of each elytron represented by a very small, circular, submarginal spot; the apical lunule represented by a smaller spot.
LYGUS LUCORUM MEYER RE-DISCOVERED IN NORTH AMERICA (HEMIPTERA, MIRIDAE)
Authors: Johnston H. G.
Published: January 2010

Lygus lucorum Meyer was first recorded from the Nearctic Region by Dr. P. R. Uhler (1886) in his “Check-List of the Hemiptera Heteroptera of North America.” Dr. Knight (Ent. News, XLI, 47, 1930) has shown that Dr. H. T. Fernald collected one specimen of Lygus lucorum Meyer at Orono, Maine. August 25, 1885.
A NEW SPECIES OF SCIARA (DIPTERA)
Authors: Shaw F. R.
Published: January 2010

In a culture of flies sent to Dr. O. A. Johannsen by Dr. C. W. Metz of Johns Hopkins, there proves to be a new species of Sciara. This insect is being used in research in genetics and it was thought best to have the insect described as soon as possible. According to Doctor Metz, “The original female under No. 6986, was collected by Mr. J. P. Reynolds from Sykes' greenhouse at Guilford, North Carolina, December 5, 1933.”
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE INSECT FAUNA OF TIMAGAMI
Authors: Brown W. A.
Published: January 2010

Identified by F. M. Carpenter, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, Massachusetts.

PANORPIDAE.

I. Panorpa signifer Bks. July 24. G.L.P. Aug. 27. On outside of laboratory.
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF STONEFLIES FROM NORTH AMERICA (PLECOPTERA)
Authors: Prison T. H.
Published: January 2010

During the last seven years the writer has taken advantage of every opportunity to study the stoneflies, or Plecoptera, of Illinois. The desire to have this investigation rest upon an understanding of the bionomic and taxonomic relationships of this order in North America as a whole has led to the collection by myself of material in other geographical regions and the examination of specimens collected hy others in various localities.
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE INSECT FAUNA OF TIMAGAMI
Authors: Brown A. W. A.
Published: January 2010

Species of suborder Chalastogastra are retained at Washington, identifications being incomplete.

BRACONIDAE.

Identified by C. F. W. Muesebeck, Washington, and by (marked*) G. S. Walley, Ottawa.
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF MYCETOPHILIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Fisher Elisabeth
Published: January 2010

While working over some specimens of Mycetophilidae in the Cornell University Collection, four new species were found. It seemed well to publish at once descriptions of these eastern forms in order to include them in the keys to appear in the “Diptera of Connecticut.”
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO “A LIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES OF MAINE.”
Authors: dos Passos C. F. , Grey L. P.
Published: January 2010

A few errors and omissions in the list of Maine butterflies as published in the Canadian Entomologist in August 1934, should be corrected as follows:

Papilio troilus Linnaeus. York Beach (Farquhar).
THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF DALOPIUS ESCH. (ELATERIDAE, COLEOP.)
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

The present paper is the result of an attempt to segregate the species confused in collections under the name Dolopius lateralis Esch. and to determine the characters of the genus Dalopius Esch. (Dolopius auct.). It is based on material in the Canadian National Collection supplemented by specimens from the collections of Messrs. Ralph Hopping, G. Stace Smith, J. B. Wallis, F. S. Carr, L. J. Milne, and E. H. Strickland. More than one thousand specimens of Dalopius, mostly from Canadian localities, have been available for study. I have recognized forty-two species in this material.
A CHECK LIST REVISION OF THE GENUS BASILARCHIA SCUD. (LEPID.: RHOPALOCERA)
Authors: Gunder J. D.
Published: January 2010

An excellent way to present generic revision is to show the names arranged in annotated check list style. This method stresses classificational position. I believe entomologists in general are becoming more concept-minded and realize the need of improved lower categorical systems and better Code Rules governing the arrangement of their names. In lepidoptera this need is felt strongest. (See note under No. (15) in this article and also the Entomological News for July, Nov. and Dec., 1932, for further discussion.)
THE DERMESTID, TROGODERMA VERSICOLOR CREUTZER, A NEW PEST OF DRIED MILK PRODUCTS
Authors: Twinn C. R.
Published: January 2010

Early in 1933, Dr. E. G. Hood of the Dairy and Cold Storage Branch, Dominion Department of Agriculture, submitted to the Dominion Entomologist some specimens of dermestid insect larvae taken in a dried milk establishment at Princeton, Ont. These insects which were passed to me, resembled larvae of the buffalo carpet beetle. Adult beetles that emerged late in March and in April, however, showed the species to beTrogoderma versicolorCreutzer (det. W. J. Brown).
LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE PIGEON LOUSE (COLUMBICOLA COLUMBAE [LINNAEUS[)
Authors: Martin Margaret
Published: January 2010

Very little work has been done on the life history or habits of Mallophaga. Only two papers have heen published since 1913 which give even a general discussion of the life history of these parasites. The number of instars through which the insects pass was not determined in either case. For the experiments reported in this paper, the pigeon louse (Columbicola columbae [Linnaeus]) was chosen because of the ease of obtaining and handling the common host, Columba livia Linn.
THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF DALOPIUS ESCH. (ELATERIDAE, COLEOP.)
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

Male. Length 6.2 mm. Very dark brown; the antennae a little paler, the basal segments, the apical margin and posterior angles of prothorax, a spot on humeral umbone of each elytron half the size of the scutellum, and margins of apical abdominal segment reddish-yellow; the legs very pale reddish-yellow.
NOTES ON CANADIAN DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

Papilio machaon var. aliaska Scud. In the proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 1932, LXXXI, 1-15, Austin H. Clark discusses at some length the racial variability of Papilio machaon in North America, creating what he designates as two new subspecies.
NOTES ON RHYNCOCEPHLALUS SACKENI, Will., A CORRECTION (NEMESTRINIDAE DIPTERA).
Authors: Spencer G. J.
Published: January 2010

At the 30th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of British Columbia in March, 1931, I presented a paper entitled “The Oviposition Habits of Rhyncocephalus sarkeni Will.” which was published in the Proceedings of that year. Again in March, 1932, I read another paper before the same society, “Further Notes on Rhyncocephalus sackeni Will.”, which was published in the 1932 Proceedings.
BLOOD SUCKING AMONG PHYTOPHAGOUS HEMIPTERA
Authors: Usinger R. L.
Published: January 2010

In a recent paper by Dr. J. G. Meyers (1929) entitled “Faculative Blood-Sucking in Phytophagous Hemiptera” an excellent summary of our knowledge of this interesting phenomenon is given. The above cited paper, and others listed in the bibliography at the conclusion of the present paper, recalled to mind certain experiences and observations made in collecting these insects during the past few years.
Transient CD86 Expression on Hepatitis C Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Acute Infection Is Linked to Sufficient IL-2 Signaling
Authors: Radziewicz Henry , Ibegbu Chris C. , Hon Huiming , Bédard Nathalie , Bruneau Julie , Workowski Kimberly A. , Knechtle Stuart J. , Kirk Allan D. , Larsen Christian P. , Shoukry Naglaa H. , Grakoui Arash
Published: January 2010

Costimulatory signals via B7/CD28 family molecules (signal 2) are critical for effective adaptive CD8+ T cell immune responses. In addition to costimulatory signals, B7/CD28 family coinhibitory receptor/ligands that modulate immune responses have been identified. In acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, programmed death receptor 1, an inhibitory receptor in the CD28 family, is highly expressed on virus-specific CD8+ T cells, yet vigorous immune responses often develop. We hypothesized that other costimulatory signals present during the acute phase of HCV infection would be important to counter this negative signaling. In this study, we found that CD86 was highly expressed on HCV-specific CD8+ T cells early in acute HCV infection and was lost on transition to chronic HCV infection; the expression of CD86 was different from other activation markers, because expression was delayed after in vitro TCR stimulation and required sufficient IL-2 signaling; and HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in the liver of patients with chronic HCV infection were highly activated (CD69, CD38, and HLA-DR expression), but only a minority expressed CD86 or showed evidence of recent IL-2 signaling (low basal phosphorylated STAT5), despite persistent viremia. Our study identified B7 ligand expression on HCV-specific CD8+ T cells as a distinct marker of effective T cell stimulation with IL-2 signaling in acute HCV infection. Expression of costimulatory molecules, such as CD86, early in HCV infection may be essential in overcoming inhibitory signals from the high level of programmed death receptor 1 expression also seen at this phase of infection.
Substances in Counterfeit Prescription Pills Seized by Law Enforcement, 2017-2022
Authors: Wightman Rachel S. , Chadronet Thomas , Volpe Bryan , Hallowell Ben D. , Nolan Leslie A. , Gallagher Glen R.
Published: May 2024

This study examines substances identified during testing of counterfeit prescription pills seized by law enforcement in Rhode Island from 2017 to 2022.
Conveying Risks of Harm in Alzheimer Disease by Amyloid Lowering
Authors: Thambisetty Madhav , Howard Robert
Published: May 2024

This Viewpoint discusses how data gaps in published research impede clinicians’ ability to clearly discuss the risks and benefits of amyloid-lowering drugs for treating Alzheimer disease.
Thick Liquids and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias and Dysphagia
Authors: Makhnevich Alexander , Perrin Alexandra , Talukder Dristi , Liu Yan , Izard Stephanie , Chiuzan Codruta , D’Angelo Stefani , Affoo Rebecca , Rogus-Pulia Nicole , Sinvani Liron
Published: May 2024

Importance

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is common in hospitalized patients with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD). Although the use of thick liquids in patients with dysphagia has been shown to reduce aspiration on direct visualization, there is no clear evidence that this practice translates into improved clinical outcomes.

Objectives

To determine whether a diet of thick liquids compared with thin liquids is associated with improved outcomes in hospitalized patients with ADRD and dysphagia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included adults aged 65 years and older with ADRD who were admitted to the medicine service across 11 diverse hospitals in New York between January 1, 2017, and September 20, 2022, with clinical suspicion of dysphagia during hospitalization and survival for at least 24 hours after hospital arrival. Patients were grouped according to whether at least 75% of their hospital diet consisted of a thick liquid diet or a thin liquid diet. Propensity score matching was used to balance covariates across the 2 groups for the following covariates: demographics (eg, age, sex), baseline clinical characteristics (eg, Charlson Comorbidity Index), and acute presentation (eg, respiratory diagnosis, illness severity, delirium).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Hospital outcomes included mortality (primary outcome), respiratory complications (eg, pneumonia), intubation, and hospital length of stay (LOS).

Results

Of 8916 patients with ADRD and dysphagia included in the propensity score matched analysis, the mean (SD) age was 85.7 (8.0) years and 4829 were female (54.2%). A total of 4458 patients receiving a thick liquid diet were matched with 4458 patients receiving a thin liquid diet. There was no significant difference in hospital mortality between the thick liquids and thin liquids groups (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.75-1.14]; P = .46). Compared with patients receiving thin liquids, patients receiving thick liquids were less likely to be intubated (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54-0.80), but they were more likely to have respiratory complications (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.56-1.91).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study emphasizes the need for prospective studies that evaluate whether thick liquids are associated with improved clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with ADRD and dysphagia.
Sexual Orientation and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Cisgender Women
Authors: Baumann Kelley , Matzke Hannah , Peterson Caryn E. , Geller Stacie , Flores Rey , Prachand Nikhil G. , Holt Hunter K.
Published: May 2024

Importance

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations face barriers accessing health care in Chicago, Illinois.

Objective

To describe the prevalence of up-to-date cervical cancer screening among lesbian, gay, and bisexual vs heterosexual cisgender women in Chicago.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective, cross-sectional, population-based study of cisgender women residing in Chicago was completed from 2020 to 2022 using data from the Healthy Chicago Survey, which is conducted annually by the Chicago Department of Public Health. Participants included cisgender women aged 25 to 64 years with no history of hysterectomy. Respondents who self-identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual or other than straight, lesbian, or bisexual were coded as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB). Respondents who self-identified as straight were coded as heterosexual. Those who reported having a Papanicolaou test within the past 3 years were considered up-to-date with cervical cancer screening. Data analysis was performed from June to October 2023.

Exposures

The primary exposure was sexual orientation. Covariates included age, income level, race, ethnicity, having a primary care practitioner (PCP), and insurance coverage.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prevalence ratios (PRs), log-based regression models, and interaction analysis were used to describe the association of sexual orientation with up-to-date screening.

Results

The sample included 5167 cisgender women (447 LGB and 4720 heterosexual), aged 25 to 64 years, with no history of hysterectomy. Among LGB cisgender women, 318 (71.14%) reported previous cervical cancer screening compared with 3632 (76.95%) heterosexual cisgender women. The prevalence of up-to-date screening was 10% lower in the LGB group compared with the heterosexual group (PR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-1.00). In regression analysis, having a PCP (PR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.29-1.59) was associated with up-to-date screening. In interaction analysis, LGB cisgender women with a PCP were 93% more likely to be up-to-date compared with those without a PCP (PR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.37-2.72).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of cervical cancer screening rates between the heterosexual and LGB populations in Chicago, up-to-date cervical cancer screening was associated with having a PCP, regardless of sexual orientation, but this association was greater for LGB individuals. Although LGB populations were less likely to be screened, this disparity may be reduced with more consistent health care access and established care with PCPs.
Effectiveness of Personalized Hippocampal Network–Targeted Stimulation in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Jung Young Hee , Jang Hyemin , Park Sungbeen , Kim Hee Jin , Seo Sang Won , Kim Guk Bae , Shon Young-Min , Kim Sungshin , Na Duk L.
Published: May 2024

Importance

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a safe and promising intervention for Alzheimer disease (AD).

Objective

To investigate the effect of a 4-week personalized hippocampal network–targeted rTMS on cognitive and functional performance, as well as functional connectivity in AD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized clinical trial, which was sham-controlled and masked to participants and evaluators, was conducted between May 2020 and April 2022 at a single Korean memory clinic. Eligible participants were between ages 55 and 90 years and had confirmed early AD with evidence of an amyloid biomarker. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to receive hippocampal network–targeted rTMS or sham stimulation. Participants received 4-week rTMS treatment, with assessment conducted at weeks 4 and 8. Data were analyzed between April 2022 and January 2024.

Interventions

Each patient received 20 sessions of personalized rTMS targeting the left parietal area, functionally connected to the hippocampus, based on fMRI connectivity analysis over 4 weeks. The sham group underwent the same procedure, excluding actual magnetic stimulation. A personalized 3-dimensional printed frame to fix the TMS coil to the optimal target site was produced.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the change in the AD Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale test (ADAS-Cog) after 8 weeks from baseline. Secondary outcomes included changes in the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB) and Seoul-Instrumental Activity Daily Living (S-IADL) scales, as well as resting-state fMRI connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical areas.

Results

Among 30 participants (18 in the rTMS group; 12 in the sham group) who completed the 8-week trial, the mean (SD) age was 69.8 (9.1) years; 18 (60%) were female. As the primary outcome, the change in ADAS-Cog at the eighth week was significantly different between the rTMS and sham groups (coefficient [SE], −5.2 [1.6]; P = .002). The change in CDR-SOB (−4.5 [1.4]; P = .007) and S-IADL (1.7 [0.7]; P = .004) were significantly different between the groups favoring rTMS groups. The fMRI connectivity analysis revealed that rTMS increased the functional connectivity between the hippocampus and precuneus, with its changes associated with improvements in ADAS-Cog (r = −0.57; P = .005).

Conclusions and Relevance

This randomized clinical trial demonstrated the positive effects of rTMS on cognitive and functional performance, and the plastic changes in the hippocampal-cortical network. Our results support the consideration of rTMS as a potential treatment for AD.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04260724
Distinct Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Child With a TACO1 Variant
Authors: Herskind Maria Neimann , Granild-Jensen Jakob Bie , Bendixen Mette Thorup
Published: May 2024

This case report describes a unique magnetic resonance imaging result in a young boy with a TACO1 variant.
Error detection for radiotherapy planning validation based on deep learning networks
Authors: Liu Shupeng , Ma Jianhui , Tang Fan , Liang Yuqi , Li Yanning , Li Zihao , Wang Tingting , Zhou Meijuan
Published: May 2024

Background

Quality assurance (QA) of patient‐specific treatment plans for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) necessitates prior validation. However, the standard methodology exhibits deficiencies and lacks sensitivity in the analysis of positional dose distribution data, leading to difficulties in accurately identifying reasons for plan verification failure. This issue complicates and impedes the efficiency of QA tasks.

Purpose

The primary aim of this research is to utilize deep learning algorithms for the extraction of 3D dose distribution maps and the creation of a predictive model for error classification across multiple machine models, treatment methodologies, and tumor locations.

Method

We devised five categories of validation plans (normal, gantry error, collimator error, couch error, and dose error), conforming to tolerance limits of different accuracy levels and employing 3D dose distribution data from a sample of 94 tumor patients. A CNN model was then constructed to predict the diverse error types, with predictions compared against the gamma pass rate (GPR) standard employing distinct thresholds (3%, 3 mm; 3%, 2 mm; 2%, 2 mm) to evaluate the model's performance. Furthermore, we appraised the model's robustness by assessing its functionality across diverse accelerators.

Results

The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores of CNN model performance were 0.907, 0.925, 0.907, and 0.908, respectively. Meanwhile, the performance on another device is 0.900, 0.918, 0.900, and 0.898. In addition, compared to the GPR method, the CNN model achieved better results in predicting different types of errors.

Conclusion

When juxtaposed with the GPR methodology, the CNN model exhibits superior predictive capability for classification in the validation of the radiation therapy plan on different devices. By using this model, the plan validation failures can be detected more rapidly and efficiently, minimizing the time required for QA tasks and serving as a valuable adjunct to overcome the constraints of the GPR method.
Dislocation Distribution, Crystallographic Texture Evolution, and Plastic Inhomogeneity of Inconel 718 Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Al‐Lami Jalal , Dessolier Thibaut , Rogers Samuel R. , Pirzada Talha , Pham Minh‐Son
Published: May 2024

Plastic inhomogeneity, particularly localized strain, is one of the main mechanisms responsible for failures in engineering alloys. This work studies the spatial arrangement and distribution of microstructure (including dislocations and grains) and their influence in the plastic inhomogeneity of Inconel 718 fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM). The bidirectional scanning strategy with no interlayer rotation results in highly ordered alternating arrangements of coarse Goss‐like {110}<001> textured grains separated by fine Cube‐like {100}<001> textured grains. The bidirectional strategy also results in an overall high density of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) that are particularly dense in the fine grains. Although the Cube‐like texture desirable for isotropy is dominant, it gradually weakens during plastic deformation and the undesirable Goss‐like component (second most dominant in the as‐built microstructure) increases. The highly clustered and bimodal distribution of fine and coarse grains, textures, and GND densities causes fast localized roughening during deformation, particularly along the line row of fine Cube‐like grains. However, the chessboard strategy results in a lower GND density and a comparatively more random distribution of crystallographic texture and GNDs, with a dominant Cube‐like component (and much lower Goss‐like texture) that remains stable throughout plastic deformation. This results in more uniform deformation, reducing plastic inhomogeneity.
Real Time and Highly Sensitive Sub‐Wavelength 2D Hybrid Perovskite Photodetectors
Authors: Mastria Rosanna , Riisnaes Karl Jonas , Bacon Agnes , Leontis Ioannis , Lam Hoi Tung , Alshehri Mohammed Ali Saleh , Colridge David , Chan Tsz Hin Edmund , De Sanctis Adolfo , De Marco Luisa , Polimeno Laura , Coriolano Annalisa , Moliterni Anna , Olieric Vincent , Giannini Cinzia , Hepplestone Steven , Craciun Monica Felicia , Russo Saverio
Published: May 2024

Layered (2D) perovskites are an emerging attractive 2D system with enhanced stability to ambient conditions as opposed to their highly unstable three dimensional bulk counterpart. Their uniquely tuneable optical and electrical properties are underpinning a surge of interest in 2D‐photovoltaics. So far, the development of nano‐scale integrated opto‐electronic 2D perovskite devices remains nearly unexplored since they have generally been found to be incompatible with standard top‐down semiconductor nano‐fabrication technologies. Here, following the synthesis of solvent‐stable 2D‐fluorinated phenethylammonium lead iodide perovskite (F‐PEA)2PbI4 (F‐PEAI), planar photodetectors entirely fabricated in atmosphere is demonstrated, exhibiting figures of merit rivalling those of commercial silicon photodiodes. A record large room temperature detectivity (>5 × 1017 Jones), a fast time photoresponse (rise time 1.5 ns), an extraordinarily large linear dynamic range (228 dB), as well as a photo‐responsivity of ≈ 1100 AW−1 are demonstrated for devices on a range of substrates including flexible wearable media without the need for any planarization or any atomically thin dielectric, in stark contrast to other 2D semiconductors. Finally, the suitability of nano‐scale 2D F‐PEAI photodetector arrays with sub‐wavelength pixel size of just 100 nm of use for high definition imaging is demonstrated.
Collective Synergistic Catalysis of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Nonstoichiometric Double Perovskites
Authors: Wang Zhongxu , Wang Yue , Jin Zongzi , Tong Yongcheng , Li Chen , Peng Ranran , Wang Chengwei , Chen Chusheng , Tong Xiaofeng , Zhan Zhongliang
Published: May 2024

Perovskite oxides show great promise as an alternative catalyst to the conventional nickel cermets for CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR) in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) owing to their advantages of redox stability and coking resistance. Nevertheless, practical applications of these oxides are prevented largely by their poor CO2RR activities. Herein, a novel donor and acceptor co‐doped nonstoichiometric double perovskite, La0.3Sr1.55Fe1.5Ni0.1Mo0.4O6−δ (LSFNM), is developed with in situ exsolved FeNi3 nanoparticles to efficiently catalyze CO2RR in SOECs. Pure CO2 electrolysis over the impregnated FeNi3@LSFNM catalysts is evaluated on two types of SOECs—one with thin (ZrO2)0.89(Sc2O3)0.1(CeO2)0.01 (SSZ) electrolytes supported on 430L alloys and the other with thin La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−δ (LSGM) electrolytes supported on impregnated SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ (SBSCO)@LSGM anodes, producing unprecedently high current densities of 2.84 A cm−2 for the former and 3.07 A cm−2 for the latter at 1.5 V and 800 °C. Experimental analysis and density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal collective synergistic catalysis of oxygen vacancies (), the doping Ni2+ ions and FeNi3 nanoparticles via the cooperative ‐O(CO2), and Ni(II)–C(sp) and Ni(0)–O(CO2) interactions in LSFNM, not only facilitating CO2 chemisorption on oxygen vacancies but also destabilizing and dissociating surface carbonates in the vicinity of FeNi3 spontaneously into CO.
Heterostructured Catalytic Materials as Advanced Electrocatalysts: Classification, Synthesis, Characterization, and Application
Authors: Wu Xu , Yan Qiong , Wang Hao , Wu Deyu , Zhou Heng , Li Hui , Yang Song , Ma Tianyi , Zhang Heng
Published: May 2024

The proactive exploration of electrocatalytic conversion for renewable energy valorization is of tremendous significance in addressing the issues of fossil energy exhaustion, among which the critical challenge of electrocatalysis lies in the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts that are rich in the earth. Among electrocatalysts, the design of heterostructured materials exhibits immense potential for the optimization of noble metals and elaboration of non‐precious metal electrocatalysts with durability. In this review, a systematic overview of modern advances in heterostructured electrocatalysts for a range of energy conversion reactions is described, and special interfacial design brings additional functional effects. Subsequently, various synthesis methods and characterization techniques for heterostructured electrocatalysts are also summarized. The innovative classification of heterostructures in methods of interfacial junction, crystal structure, structural morphology, and properties of the components is presented in this review. Finally, the possible challenges and outlooks of heterostructured electrocatalysts in the future are further discussed, including how to develop more sophisticated synthesis, characterization, and theoretical calculation methods, which will serve as the guiding direction for a more rational interface design. This review aims to set the trajectory for providing meaningful inspiration and references in energy conversion by heterostructured electrocatalysts, advancing the process of carbon neutrality.
Human Serum Albumin Mediated Controllable Synthesis of Defect‐Rich Copper Hydroxide Nanowire for Cuproptosis‐Based Anti‐Tumor Therapy
Authors: Man Ruiyang , Xia Mingchao , Li Hanxiang , Tian Fenghui , Zhang Jinghao , Yu Zhengze , Tang Bo
Published: May 2024

Cuproptosis, as a newly identified form of programmed cell death, shows great promise in cancer treatment. Efficient Cu+ delivery while avoiding systemic toxicity and elimination of the resistance from over‐expressed intracellular copper chelator glutathione (GSH) are critical for cuproptosis. Herein, this work innovatively constructs a biocompatible and defect‐rich copper hydroxide nanowire (HCu nanowire) through a human serum albumin (HSA) mediated biomineralization method. This work finds that the morphology and size of HCu nanowires can be controlled adjusted by the feed ratio of HSA and Cu2+. Remarkably, except for outstanding biocompatibility, HSA coordination endows HCu nanowires abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs), and the defect‐rich HCu nanowire possesses excellent GSH consumption efficiency. Density functional theory studies indicate that OVs change GSH absorption energy on defective HCu nanowires. In cancer cells, HCu nanowires deplete GSH and simultaneously produce sufficient free Cu+ for enhanced cuproptosis. Meanwhile, Cu+ can catalyze endogenous H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals (·OH) via a Fenton‐like reaction. Thus, synergetic cuproptosis and ROS mediated apoptosis against tumor are achieved. The experimental results show that HCu nanowires have a better performance in both antitumor efficiency and safety compared with chemotherapeutic drug Dox at the same dose, demonstrating its great potential in clinical applications.
Perovskite Colloidal Nanocrystal Solar Cells: Current Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Yang Wenqiang , Jo Seung‐Hyeon , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: May 2024

The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of polycrystalline perovskite (PVK) solar cells (SCs) (PC‐PeSCs) have rapidly increased. However, PC‐PeSCs are intrinsically unstable without encapsulation, and their efficiency drops during large‐scale production; these problems hinder the commercial viability of PeSCs. Stability can be increased by using colloidal PVK nanocrystals (c‐PeNCs), which have high surface strains, low defect density, and exceptional crystal quality. The use of c‐PeNCs separates the crystallization process from the film formation process, which is preponderant in large‐scale fabrication. Consequently, the use of c‐PeNCs has substantial potential to overcome challenges encountered when fabricating PC‐PeSCs. Research on colloidal nanocrystal‐based PVK SCs (NC‐PeSCs) has increased their PCEs to a level greater than those of other quantum‐dot SCs, but has not reached the PCEs of PC‐PeSCs; this inferiority significantly impedes widespread application of NC‐PeSCs. This review first introduces the distinctive properties of c‐PeNCs, then the strategies that have been used to achieve high‐efficiency NC‐PeSCs. Then it discusses in detail the persisting challenges in this domain. Specifically, the major challenges and solutions for NC‐PeSCs related to low short‐circuit current density Jsc are covered. Last, the article presents a perspective on future research directions and potential applications in the realm of NC‐PeSCs.
Gate‐Tunable Positive and Negative Photoconductance in Near‐Infrared Organic Heterostructures for In‐Sensor Computing
Authors: Xu Yunqi , Xu Xiaolu , Huang Ying , Tian Ye , Cheng Miao , Deng Junyang , Xie Yifan , Zhang Yanqin , Zhang Panpan , Wang Xinhua , Wang Zhongrui , Li Mengmeng , Li Ling , Liu Ming
Published: May 2024

The rapid growth of sensor data in the artificial intelligence often causes significant reductions in processing speed and power efficiency. Addressing this challenge, in‐sensor computing is introduced as an advanced sensor architecture that simultaneously senses, memorizes, and processes images at the sensor level. However, this is rarely reported for organic semiconductors that possess inherent flexibility and tunable bandgap. Herein, an organic heterostructure that exhibits a robust photoresponse to near‐infrared (NIR) light is introduced, making it ideal for in‐sensor computing applications. This heterostructure, consisting of partially overlapping p‐type and n‐type organic thin films, is compatible with conventional photolithography techniques, allowing for high integration density of up to 520 devices cm−2 with a 5 µm channel length. Importantly, by modulating gate voltage, both positive and negative photoresponses to NIR light (1050 nm) are attained, which establishes a linear correlation between responsivity and gate voltage and consequently enables real‐time matrix multiplication within the sensor. As a result, this organic heterostructure facilitates efficient and precise NIR in‐sensor computing, including image processing and nondestructive reading and classification, achieving a recognition accuracy of 97.06%. This work serves as a foundation for the development of reconfigurable and multifunctional NIR neuromorphic vision systems.
Atto‐Scale Noise Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors Enabled by Controlling Interfacial Energetic Offset through Enhanced Anchoring Ability
Authors: Kim Tae Hyuk , Lee Ji Hyeon , Jang Min Ho , Lee Gyeong Min , Shim Eun Soo , Oh Seunghyun , Saeed Muhammad Ahsan , Lee Min Jong , Yu Byoung‐Soo , Hwang Do Kyung , Park Chae Won , Lee Sae Youn , Jo Jea Woong , Shim Jae Won
Published: May 2024

The near‐infrared (NIR) sensor technology is crucial for various applications such as autonomous driving and biometric tracking. Silicon photodetectors (SiPDs) are widely used in NIR applications; however, their scalability is limited by their crystalline properties. Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have attracted attention for NIR applications owing to their scalability, low‐temperature processing, and notably low dark current density (JD), which is similar to that of SiPDs. However, the still high JD (at NIR band) and few measurements of noise equivalent powers (NEPs) pose challenges for accurate performance comparisons. This study addresses these issues by quantitatively characterizing the performance matrix and JD generation mechanism using electron‐blocking layers (EBLs) in OPDs. The energy offset at an EBL/photosensitive layer interface determines the thermal activation energy and directly affects JD. A newly synthesized EBL (3PAFBr) substantially enhances the interfacial energy barrier by forming a homogeneous contact owing to the improved anchoring ability of 3PAFBr. As a result, the OPD with 3PAFBr yields a noise current of 852 aA (JD = 12.3 fA cm⁻2 at V → −0.1 V) and several femtowatt‐scale NEPs. As far as it is known, this is an ultralow of JD in NIR OPDs. This emphasizes the necessity for quantitative performance characterization.
Accessing SuFExable Cyclobutane‐Fused Indolines via Photocatalytic Intermolecular [2+2] Cycloaddition of Indoles
Authors: Wei Rongbiao , Pei Guanhua , Huang Yao , Liao Saihu
Published: May 2024

Indoline‐fused polycycles are commonly found as a key structural component in numerous natural products and biologically active compounds. In recent times, the incorporation of sulfonyl fluoride groups has drawn significant attention in research due to their potential to enhance or confer new biological activities to molecules. In this study, we report the development of a modular approach for synthesizing FSO2‐functionalized cyclobutane‐fused indolines by employing an intermolecular [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between indoles and SuFExable ethenesulfonyl fluoride under triplet energy‐transfer catalysis. This method features mild reaction conditions, metal‐free photocatalysts, and excellent tolerance to various functional groups. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of further modifying the FSO2‐functionalized indoline products via SuFEx click reactions, enabling their conjugation with other molecules.
Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2for Analog Memory and In‐Memory Computing Applications Down to Deep Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Bohuslavskyi Heorhii , Grigoras Kestutis , Ribeiro Mário , Prunnila Mika , Majumdar Sayani
Published: May 2024

Low‐power nonvolatile memories operating down to deep cryogenic temperatures are important for a large spectrum of applications from high‐performance computing, electronics interfacing quantum computing hardware to space‐based electronics. Despite the potential of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO), thanks to its compatibility with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) back‐end‐of‐line processing, only few studies of HZO‐based memory devices down to cryogenic operation temperatures exist. Here, analog ferroelectric memory stack fabrication with 10 nm HZO and their detailed characterization under wide range of pulse amplitudes and frequencies down to 4 K are reported. When operated at temperatures below 100 K, HZO devices can support high amplitude voltage pulses, yielding record highProf up to 75µC cm−2at ±7 Vp(14 Vpp) pulse amplitudes accompanied with frequency‐dependent memory window between 6 and 8 V. Devices show excellent endurance exceeding 109cycles of ±5 Vp(10 Vpp) andProf 30 µC cm−2without significant degradation of coercive voltages or loss of polarization at cryogenic temperatures. At least 20 reproducible analog states for temperatures below 100 K with almost ideal linearity of intermediate polarization states in both pulse directions is observed, demonstrating the high potential of analog cryogenic ferroelectric memories, essential for on‐line training in in‐memory‐computing architecture.
Sustainable Prelithiation Strategy: Enhancing Energy Density and Lifespan with Ultrathin Li‐Mg‐Al Alloy Foil
Authors: Chen Xinlong , Yang Fangzhou , Zhang Can , Wan Wang , Liu Ganxiong , Qu Ge , Wang Zhongheng , Li Sa , Huang Yunhui , Wang Chao
Published: May 2024

Prelithiation is a well‐established strategy for enhancing battery energy density. However, traditional prelithiation approaches have primarily addressed compensating for the initial active lithium loss (ALL) while overlooking the ALL during extended cycling. In response, a novel method is introduced by increasing the prelithiation degree and pre‐storing stable LiCx within the anode. This innovation facilitates sustainable lithium replenishment, resulting in a significant improvement in battery cycle life and energy density. Moreover, challenges associated with using pure Li foils to realize this strategy in contact prelithiation are revealed, such as difficulties in thinning to less than 5 µm, and the loss of the electronic pathway during prelithiation, resulting in low lithium utilization rates and numerous residues. Additionally, the significantly accelerated capacity fading caused by these residues, typically emerging after hundreds of cycles, has been overlooked. To overcome these challenges, an ultrathin Li‐Mg‐Al alloy foil is developed with significantly improved mechanical properties and delithiation behavior. During prelithiation, the 96Li2Mg2Al alloy maintains a complete film structure with numerous micropores, avoiding randomly distributed debris. This structure ensures high utilization, unimpeded electronic pathways, and efficient electrolyte filtration. By employing a 5‐µm 96Li2Mg2Al foil for sustainable prelithiation, a substantial improvement in energy density is achieved and tripled the battery's lifespan.
Soft Lattice and Phase Stability of α‐FAPbI3
Authors: Kim Hui‐Seon , Park Nam‐Gyu
Published: May 2024

Since the certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 26.1%, exactly equal to that of crystalline silicon solar cells, a strong demand for ensuring the long‐term stability of PSCs has arisen for commercialization. The intrinsic stability of the perovskite layer must be guaranteed as a top priority to ensure the whole device's stability. Recently, the state‐of‐the‐art PSCs, performing a high PCE, employ α‐FAPbI3 (FA = formamidinium) for the perovskite layer in spite of its metastable tendency to spontaneously transform into its photoinactive polymorph at PSC operating temperature. In this review paper, the intrinsic structural stability of α‐FAPbI3 soft lattice is understood from the thermodynamic point of view, with key parameters to restrain the undesirable phase transition. Besides, reported experimental results are closely examined to find fundamental origins, derive the enhanced phase stability in each experiment, and understand their role in maintaining the lattice structure from the collective perspective.
Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells for Low Earth Orbit Satellite Power Applications
Authors: Yoon Geon Woo , Jo Bonghyun , Boonmongkolras Passarut , Han Gill Sang , Jung Hyun Suk
Published: May 2024

The rapid advancement of next‐generation wireless communication technology based on satellite communication using tens of thousands of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites requires higher technology for solar energy systems. The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show great potential as modern space solar cells due to high power, high specific power, high radiation resistance, and low cost compared to conventional space solar cells, such as III‐V and Si solar cells. However, the study of PSCs has been almost focused on terrestrial use for commercialization, thereby a few research for PSCs as space solar cells. This review discusses the current progress and future challenges for the space application of PSCs. To understand the space applications, the extreme space environmental conditions are summarized and their impacts on PSCs. Notably, the two‐terminal (2T) monolithic perovskite‐based tandem solar cells (PTSCs) capable of high performance with high efficiency and specific power are discussed. Finally, the key technology and the perspectives for the future development of PSCs are suggested for practical use as space applications.
In Situ Constructing a TiO2/TiN Heterostructure Modified Carbon Interlayer for Balancing the Surface Adsorption and Conversion of Polysulfides in Li–S Batteries
Authors: Yang Shixun , Jiang Dengbang , Su Qian , Yuan Shixiang , Guo Yi , Duan Kaijiao , Xiang Mingwu , Guo Junming , Bai Wei , Chou Shulei
Published: May 2024

Severe shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics caused by lithium‐polysulfides have always been the dominant factor to reduce the actual energy density of lithium–sulfur batteries. It's very important to simultaneously balance the surface adsorption and redox conversion of the lithium‐polysulfides. Herein, a TiO2/TiN heterostructure and in situ N‐doping modified multifunctional carbon interlayer is designed and constructed using a melamine foam as the matrix material at a relatively low temperature and without NH3 atmosphere. Interestingly, TiO2 nano‐particles decorated on the N‐enriched melamine carbon foam can be partially in situ transformed into TiN during pyrolysis process. Based on the support of highly conductive and interconnected carbon skeletons, the N heteroatom and TiO2/TiN show good synergetic adsorption and conversion of the soluble lithium‐polysulfides, whilst boosting the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. Consequently, when used the multifunctional carbon interlayer, the Super P/sulfur cathode based lithium–sulfur battery delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 814 mAh g−1 at a high current rate of 2.0 C and maintain the 548 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles. Even with the high sulfur loading of 7.5 mg cm−2 and low E/S ratio of 4.7 µL mg−1, an acceptable areal capacity of 8.2 mAh cm−2 can be obtained.
Electric Field Redistribution Triggered Surface Adsorption and Mass Transfer to Boost Electrocatalytic Glycerol Upgrading Coupled with Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Zhefei , Shen Xinyi , Luo Xingyu , Chen Minhao , Zhang Miduo , Yu Ruopeng , Jin Runtao , Zheng Huajun
Published: May 2024

Electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) stands out as an economical and prospective technology to replace oxygen evolution reaction for co‐producing high‐valued chemicals and hydrogen (H2). Regulating the adsorption of glycerol (GLY) and hydroxyl (OH) species is of great significance for improving the GOR performance. Herein, a hierarchical p–n heterojunction by combining Co‐metal organic framework (MOF) nanosheets with CuO nanorod arrays (CuO@Co‐MOF) is developed to realize the optimization on GOR. Specifically, CuO@Co‐MOF electrode exhibits superior performance with a conversion of 98.4%, formic acid (FA) selectivity of 87.3%, and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 98.9%. The flow‐cell system with the bifunctional CuO@Co‐MOF electrode for pairing GOR with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) reveals better energy conversion efficiency. Experimental results and theoretical calculations unravel the redistributed electric field by introducing Co‐containing species that contribute to the improved performance, which not only enhances the OH adsorption but also modulates the excessive GLY adsorption of CuO, thus reducing reaction energy barriers of FA desorption. Simultaneously, finite element analysis reveals that the novelty hierarchical structure can increase the concentration of OH− and facilitate the mass transfer of OH− in the solution.