bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-standard method for solving hyperbolic heat equations
Authors: Treilande Tabita , Iltins Ilmars
Published: July 2024

In this article, we build upon the pioneering work of Abraham Temkin (1919-2007), who introduced a novel separation of variables method for non-stationary heat conduction in the 1960s. Our extension applies this method to the hyperbolic heat equation, incorporating a relaxation term. The hyperbolic heat equation, a partial differential equation combining features of both hyperbolic and parabolic equations, finds wide applications across various scientific fields, including physics, engineering, geophysics, medical imaging, and more. Our investigation centres on the application of the Temkin’s method to the hyperbolic heat equation, with the aim to provide insights into its effectiveness in solving direct and inverse problems. The method relies on the observation that for non-stationary heat conduction with dynamic boundary conditions, the influence of initial conditions on the temperature distribution diminishes over time. Consequently, it is reasonable to assume that the temperature distribution is primarily influenced by the time-dependent boundary conditions. By expressing the solution to the given problem as a series, where each term is a product of a derivative of the given boundary condition and an unknown function P dependent on a spatial variable, we obtain a set of ordinary differential equations. These equations lead us to deduce the spatial functions, which are found to be polynomial in nature. While this approach holds promise for formulating an inverse problem to determine the speed of propagation, our current numerical results are inconclusive.
Soil carbon turnover of drained and naturally wet mineral forest soils in Latvia
Authors: Zvaigzne Zaiga Anna , Purvina Dana , Melniks Raitis Normunds , Butlers Aldis , Lazdins Andis
Published: July 2024

Assessment of changes in carbon (C) stocks in mineral soils typically relies on the steady-state C stock values, which are influenced by various long-term land-use and management scenarios. This conventional approach limits understanding of the short-term soil C balance, including in lands not subject to land-use or management changes. Additionally, the role of the soil moisture condition impact on the mineral soil C balance is not broadly studied. To enhance our understanding of the effects of the soil moisture on C balances of mineral soils, this research conducted soil CO2 emission monitoring in forests with both drained and naturally wet mineral soils. The study was implemented across 18 forest sites with dominant species of aspen (Populus tremula L), birch (Betula pendula Roth, Betula pubescens Ehrh.), black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gärtner) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Emission monitoring was performed using the closed static opaque chamber method. Concurrent measurements of the soil temperature and the groundwater level depth were also conducted. Our research revealed that CO2 emissions resulting from soil respiration in both naturally wet and drained soils showed no notable differences, indicating that the mineral soil moisture regime has a minimal impact on C outflows from these soils. This finding implies that the C balance in mineral soils is largely dictated by the influx of C from vegetation residues and litter. Thus, for the conservation or enhancement of C stocks in mineral soils, maintaining the soil moisture regime that optimizes the decomposition and accumulation of vegetation litter is essential.
Mathematical model of movement and cleaning beetroots from soil lumps with spiral separator
Authors: Bulgakov Volodymyr , Holovach Ivan , Martyniuk Volodymyr , Trokhaniak Oleksandra , Aboltins Aivars , Rucins Adolfs , Ihnatiev Yevhen
Published: July 2024

An urgent problem in the technological process of table beet production is cleaning of the root crops from adhering soil, soil impurities and plant residues after digging them out of the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new, more advanced designs of beet heap separators that could provide not only high quality cleaning but also eliminate damage and loss of the root crops when performing this technological process. A new design of a spiral separator has been developed, which, based on the results of preliminary experimental studies, satisfies the above requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct fundamental theoretical investigations to substantiate the rational parameters of the specified separator. The purpose of this research is to determine the design and kinematic parameters of an improved design of the spiral separator for the table beet roots, ensuring high-quality cleaning of the root crops from the soil impurities and plant residues, based on the development of a mathematical model of the movement of the root crops along the working surface of the separator. An equivalent diagram of the interaction of the beet root as a material particle, located in the working channel, formed by three cantilever-mounted spirals, has been constructed. The separator spirals are driven into rotational motion and, at the same time, can oscillate in a vertical plane under the impact of the variable mass of the beet heap, supplied to the working surface. Based on an equivalent circuit, a system of differential equations for the movement of the beet root along the surface of the working channel has been compiled. The solution of the resulting system of differential equations makes it possible to study the influence of the design and kinematic parameters of the separator on the speed of movement of the root crop in the working channel before it leaves the spirals. By determining the design and kinematic parameters in this way it will ensure improved quality of cleaning the beet roots from the soil impurities and plant residues.
Investigation of contact stresses in engagement elements of screw conveyor safety clutch
Authors: Bulgakov Volodymyr , Trokhaniak Oleksandra , Aboltins Aivars , Rucins Adolfs , Tkachenko Mycola , Almeida Arlindo , Kuvachov Volodymyr
Published: July 2024

In the article there is presented the design of a safety clutch for a screw conveyor with time-separated modes of slipping and axial displacement of the screw for automatic restoration of the operating condition in the event of overload. A calculation has been made using contact stresses in the engagement elements of the safety device, the level of which is the determining indicator that affects the wear rate of the contact surfaces. Using the SolidWorks Premium software diagrams of the distribution of contact stresses during operation of the safety clutch were constructed, by the results of which it was established that the analytical dependencies, presented in the article, can be used in the engineering design of various standard sizes of this protective mechanism.
Justification of machine milking physiological principles
Authors: Tkach Vitaliy , Achkevych Vasyl , Bratishko Viacheslav , Achkevych Oksana
Published: July 2024

The article summarises the world experience of studying the issue of the negative mechanical impact of milking equipment on the health of cows in the process of machine milking. The design, principle of operation and results of experimental studies the special inserts for serial milking cups and teat rubber are presented. Special inserts for liners and milking cups ensure the implementation of physiologically safe principles of machine milking. Compared to a conventional two-chamber teat cup, the teat cup insert ensures pressure equalisation in the teat and interwall spaces during the sucking phase, while the rubber insert reduces the vacuum pressure in the teat space during the compression phase compared to the pressure in the collector chamber. The most common teat liner today has a circular cross-section and is characterised by a sharp transition from the sucking phase to the compression phase, when its cylindrical shell loses stability under the influence of evenly distributed pressure in the intercellular space of the milking cup. In addition, during the compression phase, at the point of closure such a liner has a cross-section in the form of a figure eight, which means that it does not completely disconnect the teat space from the vacuum pressure, which leads to injury to the tip of the teat, especially during dry milking. It was found that when using nipple liners with an insert, the vacuum pressure in the teat spaces of milking cups increases to 17-18 kPa throughout the entire milking period. The pressure in the milk collection chamber of the collector rises to 20-22 kPa. Such indicators largely correspond to the natural suckling of a calf. During production trials over 30 days, the percentage of cows with mastitis decreased by 1.5% and the milk yields increased by 2.2%.
Diagnostics of competitive potential of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine during war
Authors: Nykytiuk Oleksandr , Lynovytska Olesia , Novykova Innola , Dinets Andrii
Published: July 2024

The article provides an assessment of the Ukrainian agricultural market and determines that the total amount of losses caused to the agricultural industry as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine amounted to more than 8 billion USD at the end of 2022. At the same time, indirect losses of Ukrainian agriculture due to reduced production, blockade of ports, and growth in production costs are estimated at 34.25 billion USD. Due to a significant deterioration in the financial performance of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, the article presents the authors’ algorithm for diagnosing the competitive potential of an agricultural enterprise based on the results of a study of internal factors influencing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, grouped into the following groups: - “technical level of production and sales of equipment”; - “state of production”; - “personnel and the extent of its use”; - “financial condition of society”; - “marketing resources”; - “economic efficiency of activity”; - “investment and innovation resources”. It has been proven that the use of elasticity models allows to take into account the influence of a significant number of factors, and elasticity can be defined as a measure of susceptibility to changes in one or more independent variables. It has been proven that the level of competitiveness of an agricultural enterprise at any given time is determined by the overall influence of interrelated factors, acting simultaneously and in different directions, enhancing or weakening the overall effective impact. It is substantiated that an agricultural enterprise must constantly respond to the demands of an unstable environment, reconfiguring and updating its resources and competencies; move through systematic problem solving, identify opportunities and threats, make quick decisions, implement productive strategies, etc.
Hybrid fiber composite material with OSA mechanical load-bearing capacity after thermal heating
Authors: Kannathasan Karunamoorthy Rengasamy , Michaelraj Stanley Jacob Maria , Gjerlow Eirik , Novakova Iveta , Vaisnoras Mindaugas
Published: July 2024

Fiber-reinforced concrete is now booming in the construction industry since it has various advantages over non-reinforced concrete. Important is the possibility of fiber concrete to withstand external mechanical loading after the first visible crack formation. Such possibility does not exist for non-reinforced concrete because it collapses. Competing with steel fibers, we have novel composite fibers (CF). In the single CF, glass or carbon or basalt etc. short microfibers are glued together with polymer resin, and in the hybrid composite fiber (HCF) combination of at least two or more short fibers of the following types - glass, carbon, basalt, etc. are glued together. In the present research, concrete with hybrid (Basalt-Carbon/Epoxy, Basalt-Glass/Epoxy, and Carbon-Glass/Epoxy) fibers is being investigated and studied for its possibility to withstand thermal and mechanical loading. Hybrid fibers are prepared from yarns twisted together (Basalt-Carbon, Basalt-Glass, and Carbon-Glass) impregnating them with epoxy resin (Epoxy/hardener ratio – 3:1). Single fiber weight was the same for all HF. The concrete mixture contains Oil Shale Ash (OSA) in the ratio of 0%, 15%, and 35% to the cement, to analyse the strength of the obtained fiber concrete. In our investigated concrete mixes cement was replaced by OSA that came from Auvere (Estonia) thermal power plant. Pull-out samples were prepared to test the binding strength between the fiber and the concrete material. One set of samples was kept aside, and the other is subjected to heating for 100 °C, 200 °C, and 300 °C along with the fibers in the oven. After testing, the results were compared of the heated and non-heated specimens, as well as different concentrations of OSA. The single fiber pull-out tests were realized so that strength is reduced in variation of the concrete mixture and thermal load. Pulling–out displacement curves were obtained and analysed.
Enzymatic pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biogas production - review
Authors: Dinca Mirela-Nicoleta , Ferdes Mariana , Paraschiv Gigel , Zabava Bianca-Stefania
Published: July 2024

Currently, due to global concerns regarding energy security and its environmental consequences, biomass has been promoted as an important resource for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through its conversion into biofuels. The main limitation in the use of lignocellulosic substrate for biofuel production is its resistant structure. Pretreatment is a necessary step to overcome the lignocellulosic biomass rigid structure and to improve its biodegradability for energetic conversion (biomethane, biohydrogen, bioethanol, etc.). Lately, a number of pretreatment methods have been studied and applied, such as physical, thermal, chemical and biological pretreatment which can be used individually or in combination. Compared to physical and chemical pretreatment techniques, biological pretreatment usually requires much lower energy consumption and does not involve the use of chemicals, which presents economic advantages and a minimal impact on the environment. The anaerobic digestion process has proven to be an effective technology for converting organic substrate into energy in the form of biogas. Including a pretreatment technique in anaerobic digestion processes increases lignocellulosic biomass digestibility and improves the biogas yield. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the enzymatic pretreatment applied to lignocellulosic biomass substrate used for biogas production. There are presented different types of enzymes, namely cellulase, lipase, amylase, protease, and ligninolytic enzymes which are responsible for the degradation of lignocellulosic substrate. The article includes information related to the structure of lignocellulosic biomass, the advantages of biological pretreatment, as well as the current state of research in the direction of enzymatic treatment to enhance the anaerobic digestion process.
Upcoming water deficit in central Asia rural regions and perspectives of green hydrogen production
Authors: Zavadskiy Vladislav , Revalde Gita
Published: July 2024

Due to the predicted water deficit by 2030, significant climate change should affect mostly rural regions of the southern part of Central Asia in such countries as the south of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and others. The goal of our research is to analyse the influence of green hydrogen production on the upcoming water deficit in rural regions of Central Asia. We elaborated a simple mathematical model based on renewable energy and hydrogen production potential, giving numerical results about possibility of hydrogen production and water consumption. The article presents also an analysis of the current situation with the water-electricity balance in the region. We have concluded that hydrogen projects can have minimum impact on the water consumption by agriculture in the region and can be fully supplied with renewable energy sources.
Energy efficient renovation of multi-apartment buildings: management, economic and engineering aspects
Authors: Kudrenickis Ivars , Ernsteins Raimonds , Biezina Liga , Ikstena Rasa
Published: July 2024

The article analyses the results of the 2016-2023 national programme of multi-apartment building renovation in Latvia, being importantly co-financed by ERDF, and there was used the publicly available database of this programme implementation, as of 31st December 2023. This was complementary analysed during the six deep semi-structured interviews with main stakeholders and experts at the municipal level particularly. Valmiera city and county municipality was chosen for a case study as one of the most pro-energy active municipalities in the country, having developed and introduced a complementary set of energy governance instruments. The challenges are particularly related to the management and economic aspects and their interconnection with engineering ones as being identified. Within 2016-2023 in total around 22.8 thousand apartments (over 620 buildings) are renovated at national scale, however that is only around 4% of the total number of apartments. The planned thermal energy savings constitute around 0.9% of the total final energy consumption of the household sector in Latvia as being the high impact. High energy efficiency for heating is achieved in the renovated buildings (after renovation, the “B” energy efficiency class is achieved on average), however, the low number of renovated buildings still limits the impact of the programme. The renovation projects have a long (around 30 years in average) payback period, if compared with the actual district heating tariffs, thus, such renovation is hardly possible without the public grant part. Particularly, for completed projects in 2023 the specific costs significantly increase. The renovation of apartment buildings is analysed in the context of the energy citizenship (ENCI) concept. About 60% of building renovation are carried out by the legal institutional forms established by apartment owners, particularly, housing associations registered as NGOs. During the renovation of buildings, zero-emission decentralized energy production technologies are not installed until now, only few examples can be noted. Although the requirements of this renovation programme allowed, it could be assumed that the overall management and economic conditions were not enough attractive for the promotion of pro-sumerism for households or organizations to practice both - produce and consume energy.
AI-based mathematics learning platforms in undergraduate engineering studies: analyses of user experiences
Authors: Vintere Anna , Safiulina Elena , Panova Olga
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence is becoming more popular between students in higher education helping students in finding answers faster and easier and augment the educational process. Although the educators usually consider artificial intelligence as a threat to educational processes, however artificial intelligence is a leap across creative and innovative thinking in various fields, including mathematics education. Several studies have shown that artificial intelligence allows students to develop and improve more mathematical skills and cognitive skills in learning. It can help students explore more without waiting for an educator. The purpose of the study is to identify what kind of artificial intelligence - based platforms are used by students in undergraduate engineering mathematics studies, to collect the users - students and teachers experience of using them and to perform a comparative analysis of two countries - Latvia and Estonia, identifying the main challenges and considerations for the use of artificial intelligence - based mathematics learning platforms in mathematics studies at universities. Research tasks include identification of AI-based mathematics learning platforms such as Photomath, Desmos, GeoGebra, Maplesoft, Matific, Carnegie Learning, Microsoft Math Solver, ASSISTments, Fishtree, ALEKS, Symbolab, Cognii, Gradescope, Acadly, Maple Calculator as well as chatbot ChatGPT, and analysis of scientific literature on the benefits of their use in mathematics studies. Empirical research includes a survey of undergraduate students in both countries as well as focused interviews of the teaching staff. The research results show that the most popular tools in both countries are Photomath, chatbot Chat GPT as well as Symbolab, complemented by GeoGebra in Estonia and Desmos in Latvia.
Parametric study of hydrogen filling process in type IV tank based on CFD simulation
Authors: Ge Qun , Song Chunyan , Wang Xingguang , Li Guodong
Published: July 2024

Currently, with the gradual increase in the use of automobiles, the use of fossil fuels is also gradually increasing, which inevitably brings about the problem of environmental pollution. Fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen as an energy source, and high-pressure hydrogen storage is widely used to store the hydrogen needed for fuel cell vehicles. The safe and efficient storage of hydrogen is a technical difficulty that restricts the development of fuel cell vehicles. This paper takes the real gas equation of state and thermodynamic conservation equation as the theoretical basis, and uses COMSOL Multiphysics to carry out a modelling study on the hydrogen filling process. It was indicated that the mass flow rate has a large effect on both the pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen in the tank and a reasonable setting of the mass flow rate can reduce the pressure and temperature for a certain filling mass. In addition, the final temperature and pressure of hydrogen decreases as the inlet temperature decreases, and pre-cooling is an effective way to reduce the temperature of the hydrogen tank. The final temperature and pressure of the hydrogen in the tank decreases as the filling time increases. The higher the initial pressure of hydrogen, the shorter the time required for filling and the lower the final temperature of hydrogen. Meanwhile, the final SOC (State of Charge) of hydrogen becomes larger as the initial pressure increases. The results of the study are of guiding significance for the optimal design of hydrogen filling strategies in hydrogen refuelling stations.
Reducing externalities of last mile delivery through taxation
Authors: Juruss Maris , Smite-Roke Baiba , Nesterenko Irina
Published: July 2024

In today’s society, with growing interest in environmental sustainability and climate responsibility, the European Union has an ambitious goal - to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. This strategic plan, known as the European Green Deal, expresses a strong desire not only to address current environmental problems, but also to create a sustainable, green future for its citizens. However, only from these paths, the tax policy as one of the most important instruments of government influence can be both an obstacle and a tool in achieving the set goals. In this paper the tax policy of the European Union is analyzed in relation to its “green” ambitions. The aim of the research is to find out to what extent the current green tax system corresponds to the strategy of the European course and what changes are necessary to make the most of its potential for ensuring environmental sustainability. This study focuses specifically on the transport sector, which is one of the biggest sources of pollution in many countries. In the organization of the supply chain, it is important to achieve the least negative impact on the environment right in the last mile, when the goods are delivered to the end consumer in an urban city environment, where large population is concentrated. Therefore, one of the hypotheses of the study is to differentiate the tax policy depending on the use of alternative transport in a specific environment, that is, to apply tax discounts to alternative transport for passengers and trucks only in cities, while in the other stages of the supply chain to stimulate other forms of transport, such as rail transport.
Ocena zagospodarowania Szlaku Konnego PuszczyAugustowskiej i Mazur (na obszarze Nadleśnictwa Augustów)
Authors: Gralak Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

Obszar Polski Północno-Wschodniej ma znaczny potencjał sprzyjający rozwojowiturystyki konnej, przejawiający się dużym udziałem parków narodowych i krajobrazowych,terenów leśnych, małą gęstością zaludnienia i zróżnicowanym krajobrazem, w którym możnawyznaczyć szlaki konne. Celem artykułu jest ocena stanu zagospodarowania Szlaku KonnegoPuszczy Augustowskiej i Mazur oraz jego roli w promocji turystycznej regionu. W badaniuwzięły udział 63 osoby korzystające z infrastruktury szlaku konnego oraz przedstawiciele NadleśnictwaAugustów. Posłużono się metodą sondażu diagnostycznego oraz techniką ankiety.Użytkownicy szlaku bardzo dobrze ocenili bezpieczeństwo na szlaku oraz jego walory przyrodniczo-krajobrazowe, skrytykowali natomiast stan infrastruktury niezbędnej do uprawianiaomawianego typu rekreacji. Podkreślono również brak działań promocyjno-informacyjnych.
On approximating properties of blended variant of Kantorovich-Stancu type Lupaş operators
Authors: Khan Taqseer , Malik Gufran , Mursaleen M.
Published: July 2024

We introduce blended variant of Kantorovich-Stancu type Lupa? operators and
study convergence and q-statistical convergence properties using Korovkin
theorem. We investigate rate of convergence interms of modulus of
continuity, Peetre?s K-functional and Lipschitz functions. Some Direct
results and Voronovskaja type theorem are established. Moreover, graphical
analysis and error estimations are presented using MATLAB.
The strength of the intergovernmental principle in the common security and defence policy and the weakness of the eu’s strategic autonomy ambitions in the context of the ukrainian crisis
Authors: Igrutinovic Milan , Curcic Sladjana
Published: July 2024

Since the beginning of Russia?s open military attack on Ukraine in February
2022, the European Union has introduced thirteen new packages of economic
sanctions against Russia. Moreover, in addition to direct economic aid to
Kyiv, Brussels and a number of member states have pursued a policy of
sending military aid in various forms, mostly in accordance with their own
assessments of security interests and available capabilities. The EU
established a military assistance mission (EUMAM Ukraine) and began to use
part of the existing programs, such as the European Peace Facility, for the
purpose of equipping the Ukrainian army. In addition, the perception of
Russia as a longterm threat is increasingly influencing new plans in the
field of military industry and future armaments. In this paper, we want to
analyse the cooperation of these steps taken by the EU and which member
states take independently or (and) in cooperation through NATO as the
dominant military alliance on European soil. Our argument is that the
practice of this military crisis shows that member states to a negligible
extent tend to use the Common Security and Defense Policy as a framework for
their actions, to strengthen and build it in the long term, but tend to use
either the bilateral ties - towards Ukraine and among each other, or the
existing framework of NATO. This argumentation confirms the postulates of
the new intergovernmentalism in the study of CSDP. In political practice,
the intergovernmental principle remains dominant in the CSDP domain, and
shows that the current practice is not effectively aimed at strengthening
the CSDP nor does it provide a new synergistic effect, and that relatively,
in the broader balance of power, the EU loses compared to the existing ties
within the NATO pact and new flexible forms of bilateral and multilateral
cooperation of its member states, outside the CSDP.
An investigation of the effect of cryo-cooling on natural frequency and wear properties of ageable Al alloys
Authors: Arslan Rıdvan , Atlihan Gökmen , Aksöz Sinan
Published: July 2024

In this study, the influence of the cryogenic cooling on the natural
frequency and wear behaviors of the three different aluminum alloys of
AA2024, AA6061 and AA7075 were examined. In addition, hardness and
microstructural observations were also performed to reveal the effect of
cryogenic cooling on the wear performance of the Al alloys. Pin on disc test
equipment was utilized to observe the wear performance of the Al alloys and
field emission scanning electron microscope was used to go in depth about
microstructural evaluations. For the determination of the natural frequency
of the Al alloys designed with different tapered angles from 0? to 1?,
vibration test equipment was used. As a result of this work, it has been
observed in experimental and analytical analysis that the natural frequency
values decrease with the increase of the tapered angle of the fixed beam
attached from the short (b) side. The highest frequency values were obtained
when the tapered angle was 0? in the experimental and analytical analysis of
the fixed beam attached from the short (b) side. Again, the highest
frequency values were obtained when the tapered angle of the fixed beam,
which was attached from the short (b) side, was 1? in the experimental and
analytical analysis. In addition, when the worn surfaces and wear data are
examined in general, it is seen that the amount of oxide on the surface
increases as a result of the applied cryo-cooling, and because of the
increased oxide layer, metal-to-metal contact occurs during wear, and it
acts as a solid lubricant by protecting the surface under the metal. In
this way, it has been observed that the wear loss is reduced and the worn
surface images are directly affected. The results of the analytical and
experimental analyses of fixed-support beams indicate that the natural
frequency values of the beam can be altered by modifying the tapered angle
of the beam and the location of the support. Lastly, no significant change
was observed in natural frequency values with cryogenic effect.
Tax Loss Carryforwards and Firm Investments
Authors: Max Malte M. , Wielhouwer Jacco L. , Wiersma Eelke
Published: July 2024

The asymmetric tax treatment of gains versus losses can lead to the creation of a tax loss carryforward (TLCF) in case of prior-period losses. TLCFs shield future income from taxation and can therefore be relevant for investment decisions. The relevance of this tax shield is underlined by the substantial amounts of TLCFs carried forward by U.S. corporations. Despite the theoretically expected positive relation, empirical research on TLCFs and firm-level investments is scarce. We first investigate the TLCF investment relation using simulation analyses and differentiate capital expenditure from R&D expenditure. Our empirical results confirm the positive TLCF investment relation, especially when firms have sufficient financial resources and investment opportunities. Also, the TLCF incentive works differently for capital expenditures compared with R&D. Additional simulation results illustrate how the recent legal changes in carryforward and backward rules affect the investment-enhancing effect of TLCFs and show that it is expected to remain qualitatively comparable.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: H25; H32; M41.
Pelatihan Kepemimpinan dalam Pengembangan Kualitas Personal Mahasiswa Kedokteran: Penilaian Fasilitator
Authors: Ekayani Ni Wayan Diana , Ningrum Rima Kusuma , Pariartha I Made
Published: July 2024

Mahasiswa kedokteran perlu mengembangkan kompetensi kepemimpinan untuk dapat berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Dampak pelatihan kepemimpinan sulit untuk dievaluasi karena lebih fokus pada peningkatan kemampuan secara kognitif. Penilaian beberapa perspektif merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengetahui dampak pelatihan kepemimpinan pada mahasiswa kedokteran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh pelatihan kepemimpinan dalam mengembangkan kualitas personal mahasiswa kedokteran berdasarkan penilaian fasilitator. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini berdasarkan penilaian empat fasilitator dalam pelatihan kepemimpinan daring. Pelatihan kepemimpinan didesain menggunakan domain demonstrasi kualitas personal dari Medical Leadership Competency Framework (mawas diri, manajemen diri, pengembangan diri berkelanjutan, dan integritas). Pelatihan dilaksanakan selama 15 hari yang terdiri atas sesi workshop dan student project. Setiap fasilitator memfasilitasi 8-10 orang mahasiswa dan mengisi tiga penilaian selama observasi pembuatan student project. Sebanyak 12 dokumen dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 19 sub- tema berdasarkan elemen demonstrasi kualitas personal. Setiap subtema menggambarkan perkembangan kualitas personal mahasiswa saat mengikuti pelatihan kepemimpinan. Institusi perlu memfasilitasi pengembangan kepemimpinan mahasiswa secara berkelanjutan melalui aktivitas intrakurikuler maupun ekstrakurikuler.
Comparison of Visual Evoked Potential Latency and Amplitude Values According to Visual Acuity among Normal Adult Eyes in dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital
Authors: Aleddin Rommel , Nusanti Syntia , Shidik Muhammad , Kekalih Aria
Published: July 2024

Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) is a diagnostic procedure to evaluate pathological conditions affecting the visual pathway with several protocols, including pattern onset/offset VEP, flash VEP, and pattern-reversal VEP (PRVEP), standardized by International Society For Clinical Electrophysiology In Vision (ISCEV). PRVEP, the most common protocol used in clinical practice, is not always directly proportional to visual acuity (VA). Clarity of the refractory media and gender are presumed to affect it; thus, using PRVEP reference value based on refractory status is not casually applicable when the VA does not resemble refractory status. This study aims to determine the changes in VEP latency and amplitude value according to various subjective VA, and to examine and analyze these latency and amplitude values within male and female subject groups. The research was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from August to October 2017. Latency and amplitude values were measured with PRVEP. Measurement was performed on normal VA and defocus-induced VA to 6/18, 6/30, and 6/60 values, using small and large-sized checkerboard stimuli. Prolonged latency and decreased amplitude were found in male and female subject groups, corresponding with decreasing VA levels. Using 18 min arc and 48 min arc-sized checkerboards gave the closest result to the reference value. The difference in VEP value according to subjects' gender was found in amplitude but not in latency.
Menelisik Kecerdasan Emosional Mahasiswa Aktivis Kampus
Authors: Endah Palupi Gita , Barus Gendon
Published: July 2024

Kecerdasan emosi (EQ) tidak kalah penting dengan kecerdasan intelektual (IQ). Mahasiswa aktivis kampus dituntut untuk memiliki kecerdasan emosional yang tinggi/baik agar mampu menyeimbangkan berbagai kepentingan dan prioritas sehingga tidak terjebak dalam berbagai konflik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan  tingkat kecerdasan emosional mahasiswa aktivis kampus; mengidentifikasi item skala kecerdasan emosional yang capaian skornya rendah/belum optimal; dan menentukan topik pelatihan peningkatan kecerdasan emosi bagi mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif deskriptif . Subjek penelitian berjumlah 47 mahasiswa. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan Skala Kecerdasan Emosional Mahasiswa Aktivis Kampus dengan indeks Cronbach's Alpha sebesar 0,960. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif kategori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar (51%) mahasiswa aktivis kampus memiliki kecerdasan emosional pada kategori tinggi, 43% pada kategori sangat tinggi, sisanya (6%) pada kategori sedang. Teridentifikasi dua item skala kecerdasan emosional yang capaian skornya belum optimal (4%) menyangkut aspek manajemen diri dan kesadaran diri.
Uji Coba Kualitas Desain Modifikasi Model CSE-UCLA Dengan Model Discrepancy
Authors: Suyasa P. Wayan Arta , Divayana Dewa Gede Hendra , Sugiharni Gusti Ayu Dessy
Published: July 2024

Secara umum modifikasi model CSE-UCLA dan Discrepancy tampak cocok digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran synchronous di perguruan tinggi, namun tidak serta merta dapat dikategorikan berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat persentase kualitas desain model modifikasi CSE-UCLA dan Discrepancy. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah pengembangan yang mengacu model pengembangan Borg & Gall. Berdasarkan tujuan penelitian, maka fokus penelitian adalah hanya pada tahapan pengembangan desain, uji coba awal dan revisi hasil uji coba awal. Subjek yang dilibatkan dalam tahap uji coba awal terhadap desain dari modifikasi model CSE-UCLA dengan model Discrepancy ini sebanyak satu pakar evaluasi pendidikan, satu pakar pendidikan teknik informatika, 10 dosen dan 20 mahasiswa. Alat pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini berupa kuesioner.Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan persentase tingkat kualitas desain dari modifikasi model CSE-UCLA dengan model Discrepancy dengan standar kualitas design model yang mengacu skala lima. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat persentase kualitas desain model modifikasi CSE-UCLA dan Discrepancy sebesar 80.50% sehingga tergolong kualitas baik. Simpulan penelitian yaitu kualitas desain modifikasi model CSE-UCLA dengan model Discrepancy tergolong Baik. Implikasi penelitian ini yaitu adanya model evaluasi yang dapat dipadukan sehingga menghasilkan model evaluasi baru yang berkualitas dan bermanfaat secara optimal.
Multimedia ARTESI Berbasis Digital Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hanan Faizatuzahra  , Sukardi
Published: July 2024

Masalah rendahnya keterampilan membaca siswa kelas IV SD yang dipengaruhi oleh dampak pandemi Covid-19, kurangnya dukungan orang tua, dan kurangnya variasi media pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian adalah menciptakan multimedia ARTESI (Belajar Teks Narasi) berbasis digital untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca pemahaman siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (R&D), dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model Borg & Gall. Subjek penelitian ini melibatkan 28 siswa kelas IV, guru dan berbagai ahli. Metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, angket, dan tes. Instrument pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kuesioner dan soal tes. Analisis data mencakup uji normalitas, uji T-test, dan uji N-gain. Hasil penelitian yaitu multimedia ARTESI (Belajar Teks Narasi) berbasis digital yang dinilai layak oleh ahli materi, bahasa, dan media dengan tingkat keberhasilan mencapai 88-94%. Hasil uji N-gain menunjukkan peningkatan keterampilan membaca siswa kategori sedang. Disimpulkan multimedia ARTESI (Belajar Teks Narasi) berbasis digital berhasil dikembangkan dan layak serta efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas IV SD. Implikasi penelitian ini mencakup peran teknologi dalam pembelajaran yang melibatkan siswa secara aktif, potensi multimedia dalam sekolah, dan peran guru dalam mengintegrasikan teknologi.
A educação inclusiva na formação inicial docente: análise dos projetos pedagógicos de curso de licenciaturas
Authors: Souza Katarine Lapuente , Machado Ana Carolina da Rosa , Machado Juliana Brandão
Published: July 2024

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os projetos pedagógicos de cursos de licenciaturas presenciais do Campus Jaguarão da Universidade Federal do Pampa, no que se refere à temática da educação inclusiva. O estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo documental, e foi realizado a partir de dois procedimentos. Inicialmente, busca por descritores relevantes para a pesquisa e, em seguida, analisa os componentes curriculares. Partindo dos referenciais teóricos dos estudos sobre deficiência, a análise foi desenvolvida compreendendo a deficiência como uma categoria social. Como conclusões, identificou que não há nos documentos analisados um aprofundamento no que se refere à inclusão.
Istinbath Methodology of DSN-MUI: Integrating Classical Islamic Jurisprudence with Contemporary Needs
Authors: Mubarak Jaih , Mahfudz Shaifurrokhman
Published: July 2024

The objective of this paper is to examine the methodology employed by the National Sharia Board of the Indonesian Council of Ulama (DSN-MUI) in deriving legal rulings (istinbath) within the dynamic framework of the intersection between classical Islamic jurisprudence and contemporary societal needs. The study seeks to provide a detailed analysis of the approach adopted by the DSN-MUI, with a particular emphasis on its predominant utilization of the Intiqa’i or Takhyiri framework. This approach underscores the significance of considering maslaha (public interest) and makharij (solutions) over tarjih (preferential selection based on the strongest evidence). Employing a qualitative research methodology, the paper conducts a thorough content analysis of the fatwas issued by the DSN-MUI and relevant scholarly literature to delve into their istinbath process. The research findings suggest that the DSN-MUI occasionally resorts to collective ijtihad (ijtihad jama’i) in exceptional circumstances, diverging from the prevailing consensus on issues such as non-cash gold transactions and the conversion of tabarru’ contracts into mu`awadhat contracts. By shedding light on the application of the principles of tafriq al-halal wa-al-haram (differentiation between what is permissible and impermissible) and al-’ibrah fi al-’uqud bi al-alfazh wa al-mabani (legal reasoning in accordance with the teachings of Imam Shafii), this study significantly contributes to the field of Islamic jurisprudence. Moreover, this research offers a comprehensive analysis of the istinbath methodology of the DSN-MUI, providing valuable insights into how classical Islamic jurisprudence is adapted to address contemporary economic and social challenges in the Indonesian context.
Assessment of Dynamic States of Railway Vehicles: Structural Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Bolshakov R. S. , Gozbenko V. E. , Vuong Quang Truc
Published: July 2024

Introduction. The speed rise of railway transport and an increase in the loads on the axles of wheelsets necessitate the modernization of the existing fleet. Scientific studies in the field of rolling stock dynamics are aimed at taking into account the oscillatory processes that occur during the movement of railway vehicles in a traditional design. The attachment of supplementary elements was considered at the coupling level of two cars and the attachment of a third trolley in the center of gravity of the railway platform. The scientific literature has not paid enough attention to the construction of mathematical models that make it possible to assess the dynamic states of such constructive solutions. The objective of this study is to create a method for evaluating the dynamic conditions of a car. The situation is considered when an additional set of mass-inertial and elastic elements is introduced into its structure, and the general dynamic condition of the vehicle depends on the adjustment of their parameters.

Materials and Methods. The basic research tool is the structural mathematical modeling, which is based on an approach where the source design scheme is a mechanical oscillatory system in the form of a solid body on elastic supports with supplementary typical elements introduced into its structure. The dynamic analogue of the calculation scheme used is the block diagram of the automatic control system, the use of which provides detailing the connections between typical elastic and mass-inertia elements.

Results. A method for estimating the dynamic states of railway vehicles is proposed. It is based on the construction of mathematical models, taking into account the introduction of an additional structure of mass-inertia and elastic elements. The impact of additional parameters on the dynamic condition of the vehicle is investigated. Analytical relations have been obtained that provide reducing the dynamic loads on the major structural elastic elements when changing the corresponding parameters of a technical object. The transfer function of interpartial relations is given, which provides controlling the interaction between the coordinates of the vehicle movement under the action of two kinematic disturbances of the in-phase type.

Discussion and Conclusion. The generated mathematical model provides for assessment, monitoring and control of the dynamic state of the vehicle under conditions of kinematic disturbances. The research results can be used to modernize existing vehicles and create new ones with improved dynamics.
Self-Awareness Management and Student Learning Understanding Case Study in Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
Authors: Napitupulu Rizal Afif Abdullah , Minarni Ani
Published: July 2024

Emotional intelligence has become an important part of achieving learning outcomes and has been proven by previous research. Self-awareness is part of emotional intelligence. Self-awareness student must be managed because it will contribute to the understanding of the student learning outcomes. So students can compete in facing a dynamic environment. This research study was to collect data and insights about student learning outcomes based on the level of self-awareness. The hypothesis of this study is that students who achieve good learning outcomes are students who have good self-awareness and have a positive influence on student learning outcomes. The research sample consisted of 30 students of Sriwijaya State Polytechnic, Bukit class and 11 students of Sriwijaya State Polytechnic, Banyuasin Class. Self-awareness and student learning outcomes were measured by a questionnaire with a Lickert scale. Then, the data were analyzed through SPSS software. The result is that self-awareness has a significant influence on student learning outcomes.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPAS KELAS V SD NEGERI 023972 KECAMATAN BINJAI KOTA T.A 2023/2024
Authors: Monica Cindy , Tambunan Husna Parluhutan
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian reward dan punishment terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD Negeri 023972 Kecamatan Binjai Kota T.A 2023/2024. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V berjumlah 40 siswa. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sampling jenuh dalam hal ini peneliti mengambil semua anggota populasi untuk dijadikan sampel. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan penelitian eksperimen  metode Quasi Experimental Design,  dimana penelitiannya tidak dapat memberikan kontrol penuh, dengan  menggunakan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa “Terdapat pengaruh pemberian reward dan punishment terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA dan IPA siswa kelas V SDN 023972 Wilayah Kota Binjai TA 2023/2024”.