bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Creative Tasks in Physics Lessons
Authors: Brice Tamāra , Brice Inga
Published: May 2015

Pupils should be more involved in their own education, allowed to ask questions, to express their own views and to creatively think and create. The creative process is essential for motivation based on interest, pleasure and a challenge gained in the process. To develop these skills alongside the theory and exercises practical research tasks and other creative activities have been introduced in Physics to the pupils of 8th grade. As pupils from interest in the subject they will want to participate, and the next task will probably involve more children. In order to encourage students to think in physics lessons and work creatively, propose them to make their own musical instruments, allow to prepare their own ideas and initiatives such as the shadow theater in the form of fairy tales, choose the number comprehensible experiments.

 
Notions of Teachers in Vocational Education about Purposefulness
Authors: Jurgena Inese , Cedere Dagnija , Grase Sarmīte
Published: May 2015

One of the strategic aims in the development of vocational schools is teachers’ purposeful professional activity. The aim of the article is to analyse notions of teachers of vocational schools about the importance of purposefulness in the life activity of pedagogues. Different research methods are used in the article: analysis of research literature, teachers’ surveys. The study resulted in finding out the factors promoting purposefulness: the necessity to achieve the aim, the apprehension and setting of the aim, the selection of means for attaining the aim, application of the means corresponding to the situation leading to the achievement of the aim and implementation of a concrete action plan. The authors conclude that there exists the interconnection between teachers’ purposefulness and the formation of learners’ purposefulness.
Context in Didactic Conception of Physics Education
Authors: Dzerviniks Jānis
Published: May 2015

The article offers an evaluation of the concept “Context”, discloses the role and opportunities of contexts for the improvement of physics learning process, as well as provides with the theoretical justification for context-oriented approach. The objective of the article is to evaluate inclusion of the context and context-oriented approach into didactic conception of physics education. In the research which is discussed in the article, scientific literature is analyzed; analytical judgments are based on the previous researches, as well as on the personal pedagogical experience of the author.
Factors Affecting Socialization from the Perspective of the Study of a School Child
Authors: Napora Elżbieta
Published: May 2015

The aim was to observe factors which favour or hinder socialization of a child age 11-13. 192 pupils from 10 Polish schools were researched, with the use of a classical sociometric J. Moreno test. The results revealed that the analyzed factors: sex and age of a child as well as structure and material status of a family, number of siblings and place of living do not have a clear influence on the socialization of a school-aged child.
Reading as Cultural Capital and Social Interaction
Authors: Lapienienė Audronė , Mažeikienė Natalija
Published: May 2015

The article focuses on the social aspects of reading.Conceptual framework of cultural capital is usedin order to actualise the importance of sociocultural and socioeconomic factors in family and at school for the child’s reading. The research reveals complex and multifaceted development of children’s reading skills: different factors such as cultural environment, cultural activity, and cultural objects in family and at school (in the classroom and library) interact and increase the possibilities for the child to acquire and integrate social knowledge.Aim of the researchis to analyse the interplay between educational and social factors during formation of reading in pupils. The following objectives have been set out to reach this aim: 1) to perform literature review of reading as social interaction and cultural capital, social factors determining reading in children; 2) to reveal the interplay between educational and social factors during formation of the children’s reading habitus by conducting interviews with the expert focus group.Methods of the research:group interviews with 24 experts of reading – primary school teachers, authors of textbooks of Lithuanian language and reading comprehension for primary schools, publishers of textbooks for primary schools were conducted.
The development of Vocational Secondary School students’ reflection and self-assessment skills in the context of critical constructivism
Authors: Kroiče Irēna
Published: May 2015

As the demands of labor market have increased, Vocational Secondary School students have to acquire the knowledge and skills level, which could help them to become highly qualified professionals who are able to compete in the labor market. The author explores the causes of poor results and options to prevent possible learning difficulties.

A learning model, which is based on a critical constructivist didactic epistemology, has been proposed. This type of teaching encourages the learners to reflect on their learning aims, their personal meaning as well as existing experience; to evaluate, define and solve learning problems and if it is necessary  to ask for support of the teacher; to evaluate learning results and to set new goals.

The results of the research in Rezekne Technical School confirm that the development of reflection and self-assessment skills contributes to the quality of learning and helps to identify as well as to overcome learning difficulties.

 
Children and Youth Interest Education Establishment as Non-Formal Educational Environment in Latvia
Authors: Svareniece Benita , Katane Irēna
Published: May 2015

These days sustainability of education becomes more actual the guarantor of which appears to be the availability and multiplicity of education for every human being during the lifetime where the non-formal education takes a significant place. The aim of the article is to update the role of the interest education of children and young people in the context of life-long education when publishing the results of the completed theoretical and empirical research in the sphere of the non-formal education. The empirical research ’Interest education in Latvia and the role of the institutions of interest education’ has been accomplished within the frameworks of the working group of the constructive board of headmasters of the interest educational institutions of Latvia. The results of the survey of the children and young people acknowledge that there is a wide spectrum of motives of choosing the interest education. The choice and popularity of the programmes of the interest education have been defined by several groups of factors. It is important to offer possibilities to attend different interest groups both in the country and in towns thus gaining new out-of –school experience that can further largely result on choosing the career objectives. Both –the researches and the personal experience of the author affirm that the centres of the interest education of the children and youth are the sub-systems of multifunctional environment of the non-formal education in the total environment of the education of Latvia.
Reflections on Educational Work in the Area of Italian Mental Health
Authors: Gambacorti-Passerini Maria Benedetta
Published: May 2015

The paper specifically reflects on educational work in the area of mental health, on the basis of an empirical research designed to explore the interaction between medical and pedagogical interventions in two Italian mental health contexts.

The study design was qualitative (Denzin & Lincoln, 2000); specifically a phenomenological-hermeneutical method (Van Manen, 1990) and a case-study strategy (Nagy & Leavy, 2011; Yin, 1994) were adopted.

An analysis of educational work in healthcare contexts was carried out, with a focus on the particular knowledge, professional role and professional practices that identify educators in this field.

The case study pointed up critical and specific characteristics of educational action in the mental health services, which is aimed at striking a balance between the dimensions of caring for, and developing the skills of, people with mental illness.

 
Social Pedagogy in Russia: Trends, Problems, Ideas
Authors: Sorochinskaya Elena
Published: May 2015

The given paper is concerned with holistic approach to social pedagogy in Russia. Itcovers the key trends in development of social pedagogy over the last 25 years. The main objective of the given paper is to give coverage to the researches that make significant contribution to development of social pedagogy in Russia. The author of the article highlights the key directions ofthe researches in the domain of social pedagogy,such as providing scientific grounds forthe new direction of pedagogical knowledge, creation and development of schools of thought in social pedagogy, specific features of socialization of a growing personality, content and techniques of professional social education.The author states that only studying positive experience is the way to solving the problems that modern social pedagogy faces nowadays.
Myths in Contemporary Upbringing in a Famaly
Authors: Medne Dace
Published: May 2015

Family discourse has been topical in all periods of anthropogenesis; also nowadays it hasn’t lost its topicality because family is declared as one of the principal values also in this period. Family structure (number of parents and children) is emphasised mainly in contemporary public discourse about a family. Concurrently it is discussed unconnectedly in the public discourse on different kinds of children behavioural difficulties. In this discourse, an important family function – upbringing is disregarded. Aim of upbringing is improvement of attitudes by cooperation of all participants of upbringing in the upbringing environment. Children perspective idea is the leading one in the postmodernism leading pedagogical paradigm that has become the ruling one in the theory and practice. Irrespective of the declared humane principal approaches and principal values myths manifest in the public discourses and in the upbringing area in a family that are made legitimate. Myths develop actively in places where there is lack of information and knowledge and where it is necessary to maintain a sense of safety and emotional balance. So innovative processes of contemporary society activate also the issues on place of myths on the upbringing process.

Aim of the article is to analyse theoretically the subjective and objective provisions for creation of myths, their importance in the upbringing process in a family, outlining the risks in upbringing.

 
Feminist Identity: The Feministic Identity Development Scale, psychometrical and adaption in environment of Latvia
Authors: Dombrovskis Aivis
Published: May 2015

The feminism is becoming more popular in Latvia now, but it’s impossible to find some psichological instrument which is adapted in latvian language and which is useabled for measuring the charecteristic’s of feminist identity. In this article are displayed the Feministic Identity Development Scale (FIAS- in latvian) (the origional inquiry :Feministic Identity Development Scale (FIDS), Bargad & Hyde, 1991), thous diferent versions of their adaption and also versions of their modifications; Cronbach’s Alpha from 0.5 to 0.8, and their version in latvian language.

The adaptation of FIAS took part in three stages, the sample of the research consists only from women. The first sample consists form 330 women in age from 18 to 27 (M=18,75; SD=1,06) years old. The second and third sample consist form 501 women from 18 to 27 (M=20,33; SD=1,94) years old. The sample of Test- retest: 30 respondents.

In the course of the instrument adaptation in the psychometrical analysis was appointed: the summary of FIAS factorial modification version, the factorial validity, the analysis of the affirmatory factors, the convergential and divergential validity of FIAS.The results gained in the course of inguiry the factorial modification version of FIAS- are acknowledged to be acceptable and instruments of the inguiry of the identity crisis – approved to be useful for futher usage in investigation and can be practically used for psychological researches in Latvia.

 
Expression of the Freedom of a Child in the Informal Independent Learning Process
Authors: Rudyte Kristina
Published: May 2015

Practice of children’s learning/teaching is frequently based on tradicional attitude to a child as a person and a childhood as an immature period in terms of social and cultural meanings (Juodaitytė, 2003, Gulløv, 2005b; Hviid, 2005; Juodaitytė, 2007). Contemporary pedagogy supports a variety of approaches to childhood: from general definition of it as a period, grounding it on psychogenetic peculiarities of this period and ascribing “imperfection” to it as a necessary and self-explanatory characteristics, to its mythologized, strained explanation, employing its pseudo-scientific interpretation, based on theories of “wild thinking”, “primitive civilisations” or “natural selection”.

Next to such socio-cultural discourse, which prevails in the educational reality, another discourse, which represents the culture children’s informal learning, emerges that implies the culture of children’s self-learning. It is based on the roles, rules that are acceptable to children themselves in the process of learning and the practice of children’s learning (Jurašaitė, 1999; Dencik, 2005; Gulløv, 2005a, 2005b; Hviid, 2005; Jenks, 2005;Juul, 2005a, 2005b). According to such conception, a child is a creator of social order, who is responsible for own learning process and its outcomes.

One of the conditions for children’s independent learning is a free choice of means, environments, sources, techniques and others. Informal home setting during summer creates favourable conditions for children’s independent learning because children are provided with a choice: how to use various aids, what environments and resources to use for self-learning and what learning methods to apply taking into account own needs and abilities.

The problem questionsof theresearch: How does child’s freedom manifest itself in processes of self-learning and how is the socio-cultural identity of an informally learning child conceptualised?

Research aim – to reveal the expression of the freedom of children’s who learn informally in a free (unstructured) setting when analysing how children conceptualisethemselves in this process and create the identity of the one learning in the informal independent way.

Research object – expression of socio-cultural identity of children, who learn informally in a free (unstructured) setting.
Assistance to Children Exposed to Domestic Violance: Situation in Lithuania
Authors: Indrašienė Valdonė , Merfeldaitė Odeta , Sadauskas Justinas
Published: May 2015

The purpose of the study is to assess the organisation of assistance for children after domestic violence experience in Lithuania. The methods of scientific literature, analysis of strategic document and legal acts, synthesis and generalisation were used. The main findings:
Children in Lithuanian mostly experience physical aggression, but in recent year’s case of psychological violence are becoming more and more frequent. Increase of psychological violence against children allows to believe that specialists of Child‘s Rights Protection divisions as well as other specialists more actively and successfully identify the children that experience psychological violence and manifestations of such violence and apply corresponding measures. The legal framework for prevention of violence against the child is and the child‘s health care has been created. In cases of violence against children support to the victim and his/her family is provided and coordinated systematically by specialists of various fields and institutions, according to the needs of the victim. The complex support required by the children after experienced violence and their families (psychological, social, legal and psychiatric) is basically provided by non-governmental organizations the most of which are located in the major cities. In more remote places for the suffered children and their families it is really confusing to get support, especially the lasting one
 
Vocational Guidance in Lithuanian General Education Schools: Achievements and Aspects to Be Improved
Authors: Žibeniene Gintaute , Virbalienė Rita
Published: May 2015

This paper summarizes the achievements and aspects to be improved in vocational guidance in Lithuanian general education schools in order to stimulate discussion about the experience in vocational guidance. The object of the research is an analysis of achievements and challenges in vocational guidance in Lithuanian general education schools. The aim of the research is to present and summarize the results of the analysis. The results suggest that Lithuania has managed to develop a vocational guidance system with infrastructure and monitoring. However, further development of the system of vocational guidance is hindered by changes of vocational guidance priorities, ongoing discussions about the concepts of vocational guidance and its definition as well as their interpretation within the system, lack of professional research, absence of systemic evaluation of the competence of the authorities that coordinate vocational guidance, difference in the experience of specialists and structural units in collaboration with scientists, when such cooperation is poor or even non-existent.

 
Modelling of Transition to Adulthood for Adolescents at Social Risk
Authors: Baranauskienė Ingrida , Krauzienė Milda , Virbalienė Rita
Published: May 2015

The transition from the education system to the adult labor market system is mediated by interacting subjective and structural factors specific to each country including its educational system structure and organization, social and cultural context, demographic factors, labor market and role of state in shaping labor supply and demand. The article reviews the theoretical analysis of transition to adulthood of adolescents at social risk attending day care center. Adolescents at social risk attending day care center have not enough social skills. According to the study, social risk adolescents attending day care center lack of self-awareness skills at most. Essay analysis revealed that these teens are unable to organize their nutrition properly, purchase foods themselves and rationally manage their money. After applying the social skills program the most obvious change in social risk teenagers attending day care center was better self-knowledge skills. These adolescents gained knowledge of healthy nutrition. They would consider before buying certain goods is it necessary. In their essay about personal finance savings social risk adolescents in day care center expressed a more rational approach to money.

 
Youth Employment Trends and Prospects in the European Union: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Visockaitė Asta , Urmanavičienė Audronė
Published: May 2015

Youth employment is of great importance and relevance nowadays. The article analyses the issues of youth employment among the Member states of the European Union. According to the statistics and research data provided by the World Bank and Eurostat the situation of youth employment among the European Union member states and all across the Globe is deteriorating. The article focuses on analysing the programmes and initiatives of the European Union competent institutions and Member states of the European Union which aim to decrease the rates of youth unemployment.

Aim of the study: to evaluate the programs and initiatives aiming to decrease youth unemployment which are currently being implemented by the Institutions and Member states of the European Union.

Methods of the study: secondary analysis of the collected data (general overview).

Results: programs and measures aiming to decrease the youth unemployment rates in the EU Member states are being vastly initiated and implemented since early 2010. With the endorsement of the Plan to tackle and reduce youth unemployment rates, which foresees to accelerate the implementation of the Youth Employment and the Youth Guarantee initiatives, various youth employment promotional tools are being applied among the Member states. After analyzing and evaluating the aforementioned programs and initiatives carried out by the Institutions and Member states of the European Union, general tendencies of decreasing the youth unemployment rates may be determined.

 
The Development of Social Worker's Professional Competence for Work with Youth Exposed to the Risk of Social Exclusion
Authors: Švalbe Valentina
Published: May 2015

To analyze contemporary leading socio-economic changes. The dynamic transition to a knowledge society, the growth of quality, quantity and volume of knowledge, technological, global scale (globalization) of political and social processes, as well as demographic changes are new challenges which require a new approach that involves all educational stages during the whole human life. The development of social worker's professional competence for work with young people exposed to the risk of social exclusion must be perceived multilaterally in contemporary Europe. They must be viewed in relation to the cultural diversity of people's economic and social rights, human rights, equality and gender equality of rights. The development of social worker's professional competence for work with young people exposed to the risk of exclusion does not mean only teaching, but it also includes life-long learning, mobility, integration, continuing education and other areas. The improvement of social worker's professional competence for work with young people exposed to the risk of exclusion is observed in adult activities related to professional activities. Analyzing the concept of competence, it is important to emphasize the idea of competence as the basis of an independent thinking and acting.
Options of Using Oxford Happiness Survey of Latgale Inhabitants Happiness Structural Studies
Authors: Kalvāns Ēriks
Published: May 2015

The problem of happiness and psychological well-being is one of the fundamental problems in psychology; therefore it maintains the interest in itself throughout the history of the science of psychology. The demand for the research on the phenomenon of happiness has significantly increased in the world, and that is caused by the increase in the number of everyday stress situations, the increase of complexity of designing one’s personal life, more complex choices of directions in life, socialization difficulties, significant changes of social norms and values. A number of studies confirmed the link between happiness and the socio-economic conditions in the country. The low standard of living of Latgale’s inhabitants resulted in a fast decline of the number of inhabitants in the region. The unemployment rate in Latgale is the largest rate of unemployment in Latvia. These facts raise the question of choice of valid methodology  of happiness studies that meet the Latgale cultural and economic characteristics. The aim of this article is to describe options of using Oxford happiness survey of Latgale inhabitants  happiness studies and cultural adaptation of this methodology.
Mentor – A Trustee for Disadvantaged Youth
Authors: Vasechko Lubova
Published: May 2015

The perception of oneself and the surrounding environment are developed during childhood. The behaviour of others directly influences the attitude towards oneself and decisions and observations about one`s value. One of the biggest deficiencies of institutional out-of-family care that significantly hinders the comprehensive development of children is the inability of children to form close bonds with adults. To come to a conclusion that you are not loved and worthless means the feel of deep disappointment. The child becomes shore that he has been deceived and abandoned. These thoughts evoke protests, depression, and insecurity. Due to these misconceptions the socioemotional development of children is hindered. The main goal of the mentor programme is to provide an emotional support and promote the well-being of the young people not having felt a real family environment and care. Youth mentoring in Latvia is a comparatively new concept, and there are only few non-governmental organisations providing this kind of support for young people in the high-risk group. It should be mentioned that there has not been a theoretical study about mentoring so far.

 
Demographic Challenges in Central and Eastern Europe in 21st Century
Authors: Durasiewicz Arkadiusz
Published: May 2015

Due to the fact that the least favorable situation in terms of population is in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the article presents the demographic position of these countries, the challenges and risks associated with the demographic crisis, the existing policy guidelines for families and points to the long-term perspective to the next 60 years (graying society). The aim of this article is to present the scale of the demographic crisis but also describe the consequences associated with it, and the challenges faced by each country in the future in the relation to the aging population. The research methods used in this work is desk research, analysis and interpretation of available statistical data and descriptive method based on the available literature.

 
Implementation of Mediation in Schools: Issues in Latvia
Authors: Truskovska Ženija , Orska Rita , Ušča Svetlana
Published: May 2015

The article provides overview of issues related to the implementation of mediation in schools in Latvia, as well outlines the practical research carried out in Rezeknes Augstskola. This is another attempt to trigger the topic and to initiate the discussion in Latvia on mediation as a modern and alternative method for problem and conflict solution in schools, involving in the process both students and adults thus endorsing tolerance, empathy, and non-violent communication.
Children with Special Needs in Latvia. Legislative Frame
Authors: Daniela Linda
Published: May 2015

The analysis of the legislative regulation which determines the rights of children with special needs and regulates their guarantee leads to the conclusion that, on the one hand, defining equal rights to all children to receive education but failing to ensure these rights to children with special needs in a place that is as much as possible close to their dwelling place, their rights to live in the family, to choose education that corresponds to their desire as well as the possibility to socialize with children who have no special needs are violated. Why such statements? They are based on the analysis of the legislative acts of the Republic of Latvia and the education possibilities offered by the municipalities.

 
The Families of Students with Multiple Disabilities in the Educational Process
Authors: Kantor Jiří , Ludíková Libuše
Published: May 2015

This paper focuses on several aspects of the relationship between families of students with multiple disabilities and the educational process. Quality-based methodology was used for the research due to a lack of sufficient theoretical background in this area. The objective of the paper was to elucidate the significance of education of students with multiple disabilities for their families and to describe the process of cooperation between these families and the teachers. This paper uses data and outputs from a qualitative analysis of education of students with severe multiple disabilities (semi-structured interviews with 45 teachers of students with multiple disabilities, observation of 4 students in the educational process and an analysis of 30 samples of educational documents using open, axial and selective coding). The resulting theory was combined with the results of a survey focused on the cooperation between the families and the teachers in order to gain a saturated data sample. This survey used semi-structured interviews with 5 teachers of students with multiple disabilities. The data from these interviews were analysed by means of open coding, compared with the outputs of the previous research and a theoretical model for educational intervention with the families of students with multiple disabilities was constructed and described. This model offers ideas for educational practice as well as further research.
Perception, Connotation, Translation of Numbers
Authors: Piccinini Livio Clemente , Taverna Mario , Chang Margherita Ting Fa , Tubaro Giovanni
Published: May 2015

The purpose of the note is to discuss the translation of the numbers from one language to another in order to retain their meaning (in this case it is easy) and to preserve their connotations (and this is the hard part, as in every translation). The lexical system of numbers is an excellent laboratory to study the semiotic phenomena of hypocoding and hypercoding at an intermediate level of complexity, that does not avoid the problems but still allows rigorous solutions. This problem takes a well-defined role in the two sections dedicated to perception and connotations, when some numbers assume the role of hypernyms similar to adjectives "some, many, too many". The various languages do not use the same system of hypernyms, so the translation, beyond the literal meaning, requires a particular knowledge, typical of bilingualism.
Creation of the Methodology of the Development of Functional Mathematical Literacy in the 8th Form of Mainstream School
Authors: Baranauskienė Ingrida , Tomėnienė Laima
Published: May 2015

The article deals with the aspects of the development of functional mathematical literacy of students with moderate special educational needs. Creating the methodology of the development of functional mathematical literacy of students with moderate special educational needs the action research was organized, where 9 eighth form students with moderate special educational needs, 9 parents of these students, 7 teachers of mathematics and 4 special educators participated. It has been found out that the development of functional mathematical literacy of students with moderate special educational needs educated in mainstream schools can be successfully organized when the methodology of its development is based on the combination of the concepts and theories of pragmatism, constructivism, social participation, empowerment, mathematical literacy, practical applicability of mathematical knowledge.

 
The Phenomenon of Lifelong Learningindividuals with Visual Impairments in the Context of Inclusion
Authors: Trefilikova Tereza
Published: May 2015

The aim of this paper titled "The Phenomenon of lifelong learning
 individuals with visual impairments in the context of inclusion "is to acquaint the reader with the basic information that relate to aspects of inclusion and lifelong education of individuals with visual impairments, to provide an overview of basic documents and European standards that relate to the topic and present the main aspects that fundamentally influence the process of education for persons with visual disabilities. "This paper is dedicated to project the impact of subjective perception of disability / presence of chronic illness and the concept of health awareness and literacy (IGA_PdF_2015_003)".
Students of Special Educational Disciplines – Issue of Socializing and Educating People With Hearing Impairment
Authors: Svecova Veronika
Published: May 2015

The contribution presents results of research which is focused on issue of socialization of people with hearing impairment. It is focused on the point of view of students of special education major. Research included 127 students of special education major who studied full time or distance study form. The questionnaire was used as research method and it included 28 opened and closed questions. The author also used Likert scale. Results showed that students of special education major prefer education of pupils with hearing impairment in the school for pupils with hearing impairment. Hearing impairment influences all areas of life - education, employment, relationships with peers, free time activities and partner relationships.

 
Exploring Professional Boundaries: A Shift to Inter-Professional Early Childhood Intervention Practice in Lithuania
Authors: Ališauskiene Stefanija , Gevorgianiene Violeta
Published: May 2015

A vast body of literature is focusing on the interdisciplinary approach in the field of early childhood intervention (ECI) practice, however inter-professional relations challenge traditional understanding of professional role and identity. The article contributes to the discussion about the value and the pitfalls of inter-professional cooperation in the field of ECI and its possible effects on family and child life. The aim of the research was to explore what competences professionals representing different fields perceive as most important for successful inter-professional collaboration. The study was based on experts’ evaluation (questionnaire). An analysis of the data revealed the importance professionals allocated to opinion-sharing in the emerging early childhood intervention inter-professional teams as well as a lack of attention to the parents’ voice, which indicates the need for further cohesiveness – a shift from a polylogue of different disciplines to an inter-professional culture.

 
Attitudes of Gifted Children to People with Disabilities
Authors: Urbanovská Eva , Hanáková Adéla , Horváthová Ivana , Kučera Pavel , Kunhartová Monika , Pastieriková Lucia , Regec Vojtech , Stejskalová Kateřina
Published: May 2015

Talent is characterized as asynchronous development, which combines accelerated cognitive abilities and increased intensity to create inner experiences and awareness that are different from their quality standards. Article reflects the results of research that aimed to describe the group of exceptionally gifted children aged in terms of their attitudes, opinions and concerns to people with disabilities. To obtain the data was specifically chosen method of focus groups and projective technique unfinished sentences. Target groups were presented unfinished sentences, so that on the basis of the replies received gave to identify topics that are relevant to it. One of the objectives was to find out the answers obtained from the opinions and attitudes towards the phenomenon of disability - to obtain information to enable understanding of the way in which this target group thinks about people with disabilities.
Hearing Teachers at the Primary Schools for the Hearing Impaired in the Czech Republic and the in Deaf Culture Knowledge
Authors: Kučera Pavel
Published: May 2015

When pupils with hearing impairment have hearing parents, the school for hearing impaired is usually the first institution where those students first encounter Czech sign language. That is why teachers should have information about Deaf culture, customs and history. Only then can a student with a hearing  impairment  become convinced that his language is full-fledged so he can be proud of it, as well as his Deaf culture. Teachers at Primary schools for the hearing impaired are supposed to be role models for pupils with hearing impairment and be one of the first people who are influencing them in this area. The aim of the research was to find out the level of Deaf cultural awareness of hearing teachers and whether they do know the customs and traditions of the Deaf. The research was conducted through the form of through structured interviews.

 
The Criteria of Evaluating the Ability to Speak for Children of Preschool Age
Authors: Cupere Irina
Published: May 2015

Human interaction is possible with the help of communication. With the communication activity realization we need to develop our communication competence. Narrative skills development level is human’s individual skill, consequently and coherently transmitting his thoughts, knowledge and experience for interlocutor choosing right language tools and grammatical construction. This skills child learns in preschool age and has to develop in throughout life.

Speech disorders, particularly insufficient development of the language system, have important influence on narrative skills development. Further this problem could badly affect the communicative activity realization. For this problem minimization should be help to children to develop their narrative skills. Before starting corrective developing work for children with insufficient development of language system, it is required to assess child narrative skills development level. This is an analysis of children narrative skills development opportunity and practical recommendations.

 
Developmental Coordination Disorder, Historical Beginnings and Development
Authors: Laganovska Egija
Published: May 2015

This article contains theoretical analysis about Developmental Coordination Disorder historical evolution. Studies include a wide variation in terminology and criteria to describe . Developmental Coordination Disorder. Developmental Coordination Disorder is a complex neurological condition, which affects muscle coordination and perception.
Experiences and Attitudes of Young People and Seniors in Relation to to People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Kozáková Zdeňka
Published: May 2015

The contribution represents the selected summary of the results of research carried out through a questionnaire-based survey and a structured interview, the goal of which was to ascertain the experiences and attitudes of young people and seniorsin relation to mentally impaired individuals and define the spheres to which increased attention should be paid in the future. The examined group comprised 160 respondents. The contribution is introduced by information on the given issue and the definition of the basic terminology in relation to the examined sphere. Subsequently, it presents the methodological outcomes of the research and deals with specific results of the research and discussions. At the end, it summarizes the research conclusions in the context of various points of view of the current state of knowledge in theory and its application in practise. 
Pragmatic Language Level in Autism Spectrum Disorders from the Perspective of Speech and Language Therapy in the Czech Republic
Authors: Vitásková Kateřina
Published: May 2015

The objective is an overview of the partial research outcomes aimed at evaluating the pragmatic level of communication (PCL) in persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from the perspective of speech and language therapy (SLT) in the Czech Republic, where the SLT system is divided into three different sectors bringing specific views on their concept. A partial objective is to highlight the need to create specific SLT diagnostic materials for national- relevant use and outline their concept. It is based on a brief theoretical analysis of the current state of knowledge, and presents the quantitative and qualitative outcomes based on a mixed research design. Partial results confirm the lack of practical SLT´s focus on the area of PCL diagnosis in ASD, the lack of relevant diagnostic materials as well as effective options of SLT  intervention in PCL of people with (ASD) focusing on selected individually impaired factors.

 
Aphasia in the Cognitive Disorders Context – Preliminary Study
Authors: Šebková Lucie , Vitásková Kateřina
Published: May 2015

Purpose: The aim of the article is to analyse cognitive disorder in persons with aphasia of various aetiology pursuant to brain damage, emphasizing the interdisciplinary cooperation between the professionals of speech therapy and psychology.

Methodology: Seven persons with stroke related aphasia of different aetiology participated in the research. For data processing, psychological, neurological and speech therapeutic detailed reports were applied.

Results: We observed higher incidence of ischaemic stroke than haemorrhagic stroke. Expressive aphasia occurred in 6 of the 7 clients. Attention disorder and thinking disorder occurred in almost all 6 of the clients. Executive functions were impaired in 5.

Conclusion: Given our findings, we tend to aphasia therapy in terms of cognitive rehabilitation. We perceive the interdisciplinary cooperation with specialists from the field of psychology as absolutely necessary. The results of psychological examination of persons with aphasia can significantly influence the effectiveness of speech therapy intervention.

 
Factors, Influencing the Emergence of Child Speech Disorder
Authors: Miltiņa Irēna , Augstkalne Dace
Published: May 2015

Speech disorders can have various causes, expression of the pathological processes and severity. Studies in Latvia show that already in early childhood bothlanguage development deficiency and language development delay are evident.

These phenomena continue also in the pre-school age where in 30 – 60% of cases show nonconformity of speech and language development to the set norms for the particular age.

The established facts illustrate the importance of learning about the causes of speech disorder, because the disorders in sound pronunciation and phonematic perception, as well as insufficient vocabulary affect both the acquisition of pupil’s reading and writing skills and the understanding of verbal instructions.

 
Sisters of Charity Training on the Latvian Territory in the 19th Century
Authors: Fokina Olga , Millere Inga , Circenis Kristaps , Deklava Liāna
Published: May 2015

In 1772 Daugavpils(Dyneburg) was incorporated into the Russian Empire and remained the main city of the province of Daugavpils. In 1796 it was incorporated into Belarus province and later in 1802 into Vitebsk province. In 1864 16 countries joined officially the First Geneva Convention,,For the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field”. In 1867 Russia including Latvia also joined the Geneva Convention. That yearthe Russian association for wounded and sick soldiers care wasestablished. Over timethe Russian association for wounded and sick soldiers carechanged its original name. In 1879 it was given the new official name, the Russian Red Cross Society”.The Committeesof the Russian Red Cross were established in all the provincesof Russiangubernias, so in Vidzeme and Kurzeme they were in Riga and Jelgava, but Latgale was under the control of the Committee of Vitebskgubernia. The communities of the Red Cross charity of Mercywerefounded to prepare the female sanitary staff for the medical care of the sick and the wounded during the war and to provide nursing care in hospitals, military hospitals and private homes during peacetime. The Vitebsk local committee of the Russian Red Cross supported the activities of Charity Nurses Community in Vitebsk.

 
Symptomatic Speech Disorders - Theoretical Basis and Practical Applications
Authors: Hanakova Adela , Stejskalova Katerina
Published: May 2015

Area of symptomatic speech disorders in person with sensory disabilities still stands on the edge of the interests of professionals. The article deals with the issue of speech therapy, special education of person with hearing impairment, and special education of person with visual impairment. Disruption of communication for people with sensory disabilities is one of the determinants of the quality of life. Within a broader theoretical framework symptomatic speech disorders in person with visual and hearing disability will be planted partial results of research with qualitative orientation. The exhibition will include in particular the issue of awareness, experience, access and awareness of speech therapists in the intentions of the issue.
Individualized Education Plans: What Characterizes the Research?
Authors: Bachke Carl Crh.
Published: May 2015

This study illuminates the research question what characterizes the research of Special Needs Education’s (SNE’s) use of Individualized Education Plans (IEP), during the period 2010-2015? A sample of 11 relevant Norwegian publications has been analyzed by means of these criteria: Type of publication, research method(s) applied, sub-topics focused on and perspectives of SNE. Findings show (1) the amount of the research is still scarce, (2) only three researchers of PhD-level or above have participated in this sample of publications, (3) the sample demonstrates various research methods applied, although document analysis dominates, (4) there is still a need of research looking for catalysts of good planning and using of IEP, (5) the study presents one way of constructing thematic and sub-topical categories, and (6) one needs to validate how the SNE’s perspectives of traditionalism and inclusionism influence the outcomes of IEP research.
Sustainability and Empowerment in Context of Inclusion of Disabled Persons
Authors: Moceviciene Aldona , Strods Gunars
Published: May 2015

Creation without disassembling, using wisely, responsible  planing and estimation longer-term consequences giving priority to the person, respecting his/her individuality, diversity - this is a new approach and sustainable society features. Quality of life include all aspects of the way we live our lives. They allow us to fulfil our needs and aspirations. On the basis of results of the research EU policy materials and Lithuania and Latvia ways of realization these laws in the regional policy, that all global methods and wellbeing development actions have a direct impact for  people with intellectual  disabilitiess and influentto expanding possibilities self-expression, activating self-action, stimulating self-conception. Creatiwity –the way and possibility in empowering these people socialization and self – realizing. The researches in this field would answer to the questons: possible to optimize the quality of life  for people with intellectual deseases in their abilities limited space.
Inclusion, Legislation and Practice: Educating Students With Disabilities – the Australian and Latvian Experiences
Authors: Prudņikova Ilga , Bruveris Ilona
Published: May 2015

In Australia and Latvia the inclusion debate has changed the face of education. This change has been brought about by legislative edicts, challenges to traditions which segregate students and by confronting teacher beliefs. This article explores the experiences of the education system in Australian, specifically the state of New South Wales (NSW), in addressing inclusion. Parallels between the Australian and Latvian experiences are identified. Finally the retreat by the NSW system away from the confusion surrounding the use of the term inclusion to the concept of every student, every school is detailed.

 
The Multi-Structural Model of Speech and Language Development in the Aspect of Holistic Approach
Authors: Tomele Gundega
Published: May 2015

The article analyses the theories on the child's language acquisition and development process (psychological nativism, cognitivism, interactionism, bihaviorism), and it is concluded that the various models of language acquisition raised in these theories depend on language development stage and its representative factors - the dominant neural processes, language acquisition strategies and the results in a context of language development. Speech and language development and their interconnection can be viewed inthe aspect of holistic approach - how it is affected by diverse exogenous and endogenous factors, the development of language basis’ functions and the varied mutual interaction of all the factors mentioned above. There is the multi-structural language development model diverse in each individual case and thus defining the individual character of child’s language development process and language disorder adjustment.

 