bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Facile and Efficient Chemical Prelithiation of Graphite for Full Capacity Utilization of Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Yang , Deng Yicheng , Shen Yifei , Li Hui , Cao Yuliang , Ai Xinping
Published: May 2022

Chemical prelithiation is considered to be a facile and efficient strategy to compensate the initial irreversible capacity loss of anode materials for achieving full capacity utilization of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, most of the prelithiation reagents reported so far are difficult to apply for commercially used graphite (Gr) anode due to their higher redox potentials than the formation potential of graphite–lithium compounds and the co‐intercalation behavior in the interlayers of Gr anode, causing the exfoliation and destruction of Gr structure during prelithiation process. Herein, a new prelithiation solution for Gr anode by using lithium naphthalenide as a lithiation reagent and 2‐methyl tetrahydrofuran as a reduction‐tolerant solvent is demonstrated. This prelithiation solution has a very low redox potential of 0.19 V and can controllably and efficiently prelithiate Gr anode to a required degree in a few minutes without the solvent co‐intercalation. Benefiting from these advantages, the Gr anode prelithiated for 3 min exhibits a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 100%, a better rate capability, and higher cycling capacity retention than conventional pristine Gr anode. Particularly, this prelithiation solution is low cost, easily synthesized, and recycled for industrial production, thus offering a practical convenience for LIBs manufacture.
Intersection between environmental data science and the R community in Latin America
Authors: da Silva Natalia
Published: May 2022

Environmental data science is used to solve environmental problems, and to help answer complex questions about biodiversity loss, climate change, and water scarcity, among others thereby allowing sustainable decision‐making using data‐driven approaches. In this opinion piece, I describe some recent Latin American experiences in the data science community, and what is needed for environmental data scientists to take advantage of those experiences. Specifically, I show the importance of being part of a diverse and local data science community.
Digitizing Climate Reporting Compliance
Authors: DeCotis Paul A.
Published: May 2022

The Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) has issued long‐awaited rules for public comment that would require registrants to include certain climate‐related disclosures in their registration statements and periodic reports to the SEC. The requirement would be for all companies under the federal securities law offering or selling securities unless otherwise exempted by the SEC. Consistent with the Securities Act of 1933 (“Act”) the rule fits within the two basic objectives of the Act: (1) to require that investors receive financial and other significant information concerning securities being offered for public sale, and (2) to prohibit deceit, misrepresentations, and other fraud in the sale of securities. Given the growing appetite from elected officials for future climate‐related regulation and costs associated with decarbonization, and mitigation and disaster recovery from severe weather events, the proposed rules are timely.
ZFP64::NCOA3 gene fusion defines a novel subset of spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Han Rachel , Dermawan Josephine K. , Demicco Elizabeth G. , Ferguson Peter C. , Griffin Anthony M. , Swanson David , Antonescu Cristina R. , Dickson Brendan C.
Published: May 2022

Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma represents a rare neoplasm characterized by monomorphic spindle cells with a fascicular architecture and variable skeletal muscle differentiation. Following incidental identification of a ZFP64::NCOA3 gene fusion in an unclassified spindle cell sarcoma resembling adult‐type fibrosarcoma, we performed a retrospective archival review and identified four additional cases with a similar histology and identical gene fusion. All tumors arose in adult males (28–71 years). The neoplasms were found in the deep soft tissues, two were gluteal, and one each arose in the thigh, abdominal wall, and chest wall. Morphologically, the tumors were characterized by spindle cells with a distinctive herringbone pattern and variable collagenous to myxoid stroma. The nuclei were relatively monomorphic with variable mitotic activity. Three tumors had immunoreactivity for MyoD1, and four contained variable expression of desmin and smooth muscle actin. All cases tested for myogenin, CD34, S100, pankeratin, and epithelial membrane antigen were negative. Targeted RNA sequencing revealed a ZFP64::NCOA3 fusion product in all five tumors. Three patients developed distant metastases, and two ultimately succumbed to their disease within 2 years of initial diagnosis. This study suggests ZFP64::NCOA3 fusions define a novel subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma with a spindle cell morphology and aggressive clinical behavior. The potential for morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap with several other sarcoma types underscores the value of molecular testing as a diagnostic adjunct to ensure accurate classification and management of these neoplasms.
Risk perceptions and risk‐averse attitude influenced older patients' first‐diagnosis‐seeking behaviour at tertiary hospitals
Authors: Ruan Yuhui , Dai Yaqi , Zhu Demi
Published: May 2022

Objective

This qualitative study aimed to investigate the associations of older patients' inappropriate healthcare‐seeking behaviour at tertiary hospitals in China with their risk perceptions and attitude.

Methods

The study was based on nine focus group interviews (involving 41 older patients, with three to six per group) and involved the grounded theory method. The participants were recruited at tertiary hospitals.

Results

The results of this study showed that older patients' inappropriate first‐diagnosis‐seeking behaviour at tertiary hospitals was impacted by their risk perceptions and risk‐averse attitude. Both external factors (family/friends and the Internet) and internal factors (preferences and habits) had played important roles in related processes.

Conclusion

Thus, to guide older patients' healthcare‐seeking behaviour, changing the thoughts and behaviour of the older patients themselves, their spouses, adult children, other relatives, and friends are all important. More attention should be paid on guiding appropriate risk perceptions and attitude regarding lower‐level medical institutions, increasing their preferences and habit formation regarding lower‐level medical institutions, enhancing older patients' social support and improving and standardising online health information. These are important for the future development of the hierarchical medical system in China.
Comparison of three different numerical implementations to model rainfall‐runoff transformation on roofs
Authors: Sañudo Esteban , Cea Luis , Puertas Jerónimo
Published: May 2022

Roofs represent a high percentage of the impervious surfaces in urban areas, and hence their implementation in urban drainage models is essential for accurate results to be achieved. Current modelling approaches are based on parameters such as a roof's slope and width, its roughness coefficient, and the initial abstraction. In this study, an experimental campaign was performed in order to assess the sensitivity of the roof runoff hydrographs to these parameters. The experimental tests were carried out in a new large‐scale urban drainage facility equipped with a rainfall simulator. The experimental tests were replicated numerically using three different levels of model resolution, from a high fidelity representation with a spatial resolution of 5 mm (which can be considered a digital twin) to a lumped representation. Our experimental results show that, for practical purposes, the sensitivity of the outlet runoff hydrograph to the roof slope tested is negligible. The numerical upscaling analysis carried out showed that flat roofs present a slightly different hydrograph behaviour with greater times of concentration than sloped roofs. No significant sensitivity of the outlet hydrograph to the surface roughness coefficient was found. In terms of numerical modelling, the use of a very high spatial resolution for the roof, which implies a high computational cost, does not affect the results significantly compared to the far simpler lumped approach. The current research involves the first thorough experimental and computational analysis of the runoff over roofs to date.
Effect of sex education on sexual function and sexual quality of life in women with endometriosis: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Matloobi Maryam , Amini Leila , Shahali Shadab , Haghani Hamid , Tahermanesh Kobra , Hassanlouei Babak , Allahqoli Leila , Alkatout Ibrahim
Published: May 2022

Objective

To evaluate the effect of a sex education program on sexual function and sexual quality of life in women with endometriosis.

Methods

In a quasi‐experimental study, women with endometriosis who had undergone laparoscopic surgery were assigned to an intervention group (n = 36) or a control group (n = 36). The intervention group received a sex education program consisting of two sessions a week (90 min each) for two consecutive weeks; the control group received none. Both groups were followed for 12 weeks. Sexual function and sexual quality of life were assessed on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Sexual Quality of life‐Female (SQOL‐F) questionnaire before the intervention, as well as 8 and 12 weeks after the intervention. Outcomes were analyzed using Student t test, the χ2 test, Fisher exact test, and repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results

The mean age of the study participants was 36.9 ± 5.7 years. The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of demographics and pre‐intervention clinical characteristics. At the end of the study, sex education reduced female sexual dysfunction by 58.1% in the intervention group. The mean FSFI score increased significantly in the intervention group from pre‐intervention to 8 and 12 weeks post‐intervention compared with the scores in the control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Sex education appears to be a promising intervention for reducing sexual dysfunction and improving sexual function and sexual quality of life in women with endometriosis. Future studies should encompass longer periods of follow up to obtain further data on the efficacy of sex education in this setting.
Adenomyosis decreases the live birth rate but may not affect perinatal outcomes in assisted reproductive cycles
Authors: Trinchant Rafael , Cruz María , Requena Antonio
Published: May 2022

Objective

To determine if uterine adenomyosis is associated with worse perinatal outcomes in ovum donation assisted reproductive treatment cycles.

Materials and Methods

A multicenter and retrospective cohort study in which a total of 3307 patients undergoing an ovum donation cycle in 2018–2019 were included and divided into two groups: adenomyosis (n = 179) and controls (n = 3128). Clinical, obstetrical, and perinatal outcomes were analyzed.

Results

A lower live birth rate per embryo transfer was observed in women diagnosed with adenomyosis versus control women: 67/179 (37%) versus 1560/3128 (49.9%), respectively (odds ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.43–0.83, P = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in childbirth delivery method (vaginal versus cesarean section) between the adenomyosis and control groups. Mean gestational age at the time of delivery, newborn length and weight, and incidences of low birth weight, preterm birth, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit did not differ between the two groups. In addition, in vitro fertilization and perinatal outcomes were similar in patients with diffuse compared with focal adenomyosis.

Conclusions

Adenomyosis affects clinical but may not affect perinatal outcomes in ovum donation cycles.
The protective effects of thymol and carvacrol against di (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate‐induced cytotoxicity in HEK‐293 cells
Authors: Amara Ines , Timoumi Rim , Annabi Emna , Ben Othmène Yosra , Abid‐Essefi Salwa
Published: May 2022

The protective effects of thymol and carvacrol, two phenolic monoterpenes with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, against the oxidative stress produced by the di (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in human embryonic kidney cells 293 cells (HEK‐293 cells) were investigated in this study. The cytotoxicity was monitored by cell viability, while oxidative stress generation was assessed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantification, antioxidant enzyme activities measurement, glutathione concentration, and malondialdehyde (MDA) quantification. The genotoxicity was evaluated by the measurement of DNA fragmentation through the Comet assay. Our results demonstrated that the pretreatment of HEK‐293 cells with thymol or carvacrol, 2 h before DEHP exposure, significantly increased the cell viability, decreased the ROS overproduction, modulated catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, restored the reduced glutathione content, and reduced the MDA level. The DNA fragmentation was also decreased by thymol and carvacrol pretreatment. These findings suggest that thymol and carvacrol could protect HEK‐293 cells from DEHP‐induced oxidative stress.
Development and testing of an algorithm for efficient MP2/CCSD(T) energy estimation of molecular clusters with the 2–body approach
Authors: Khire Subodh S. , Gadre Shridhar R.
Published: May 2022

This work reports the development and testing of an automated algorithm for estimating the energies of weakly bound molecular clusters employing correlated theory. Firstly, the monomers and dimers of (homo/hetero) clusters are identified, and the sum of one‐body and two‐body contributions to correlation energy is calculated. The addition of this contribution to the Hartree‐Fock full calculation (FC) energies provides a good estimate of the total energies at Møller–Plesset second‐order perturbation theory (MP2)/coupled‐cluster method with singles and doubles (CCSD) (T)‐level theory using augmented Dunning basis sets. The estimated energies for several test clusters show an excellent agreement with their FC counterparts, with a substantial wall‐clock time saving employing off‐the‐shelf hardware. Furthermore, the complete basis set (CBS) limit for MP2 energy computed using the two‐body approach also agrees with its CBS energy with its FC counterpart.
Utilizing a CBPR approach to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on individuals who receive publicly funded behavioral health services
Authors: Grant Nickholas , Byrd Ronald , Forlano Robert , Olsen Steven , Youins Richard , Sernyak Michael J. , Fulara Doreen , Kaufman Joy S.
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus disease pandemic has highlighted significant gaps in community mental health services, placing vulnerable individuals at greater risk for mental health and substance use difficulties via disrupting their wellness journey. Guided by a wellness framework, a needs assessment was conducted among adult consumers of behavioral health services to understand their needs during the pandemic and to help develop and strengthen service delivery strategies. A team of three university researchers and four Consumer Researchers, who receive services at a publicly funded community mental health center, engaged in a community‐based participatory project in which 13 focus groups were conducted with 51 consumers. Several themes emerged from a thematic analysis of transcripts regarding consumer well‐being and healthcare needs, coping strategies employed, and the accessibility, benefits, and perception of clinical and support services during the pandemic. Results highlighted strengths in service delivery and areas in need of enhancement. Findings may inform similar community services that seek to enhance delivery of care among vulnerable populations.
The impact of clinical decision support systems on provider behavior in the inpatient setting: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ronan Clare E. , Crable Erika L. , Drainoni Mari‐Lynn , Walkey Allan J.
Published: May 2022

Background

Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are used to improve processes of care. CDSS proliferation may have unintended consequences impacting effectiveness.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of CDSS in altering clinician behavior.

Design

Electronic searches were performed in EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials for randomized controlled trials testing the impacted of CDSS on clinician behavior from 2000–2021. Extracted data included study design, CDSS attributed and outcomes, user characteristics, settings, and risk of bias. Eligible studies were analyzed qualitatively to describe CDSS types. Studies with sufficient outcome data were included in the meta‐analysis.

Setting and Participants

Adult inpatients in the United States.

Intervention

Clinical decision support system versus non‐clinical decision support system.

Main Outcome and Measure

A random‐effects model measured the pooled risk difference (RD) and odds ratio of clinicians' adherence to CDSS; subgroup analyses tested differences in CDSS effectiveness over time and by CDSS type.

Results

Qualitative synthesis included 22 studies. Eleven studies reported sufficient outcome data for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. CDSS did not result in a statistically significant increase in clinician adoption of desired practicies (RD = 0.04 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.00, 0.07]). CDSS from 2010‐2015 (n = 5) did not increase clinician adoption of desired practice [RD –0.01, (95% CI –0.04, 0.02)].CDSS from 2016‐2021 (n = 6) were associated with an increase in targeted practices [RD 0.07 (95% CI0.03, 0.12)], pInteraction = 0.004. EHR [RD 0.04 (95% CI 0.00, 0.08)] vs. non‐EHR [RD 0.01 (95% CI –0.01, 0.04)] based CDSS interventions did not result in different adoption of desired practices (pInteraction = 0.27). The meta‐analysis did not find an overall positive impact of CDSS on clinician behavior in the inpatient setting.
Snow and land use alter pheasant survival in South Dakota
Authors: Kauth Hilary R. , Gregory Andrew J. , Kauth Adam J. , Harsh Sprih , Runia Travis J. , Lonsinger Robert C.
Published: May 2022

We examined survival of ring‐necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) occupying fragmented landscapes within the Prairie Pothole Region in South Dakota, USA, where severe winter weather events historically limited pheasant population growth through increased mortality. Recent landscape transformations could further affect overwinter adult female survival by reducing critical winter resources. Assessing the influence of time‐dependent landscape features on survival at small focal scales may reveal spatially important relationships. We captured and monitored 321 adult female pheasants from 2017–2019 and recorded 110 pheasant winter mortalities. Female pheasant winter survival was 0.66 (85% CI = 0.62–0.70) and was inversely correlated to snow depth. We generated Cox proportional hazard models to determine risk of mortality associated with landscape features. Pheasants using landscapes other than perennial cover (i.e., emergent wetland, tall vegetation, woody, food plots) experienced a 2.22 times greater risk of raptor predation than pheasants using perennial cover. Additionally, pheasants experienced a 58% reduced risk of weather mortality when using emergent wetlands. We analyzed resource selection ratios to understand how perceived landscape risks at the population level scaled down to land use selection at the individual level. Female pheasants selected for emergent wetlands, showed no selection for woody features, and avoided tall vegetation (non‐aquatic herbaceous vegetation >75 cm) during severe winters. Pheasants would greatly benefit from conservation of emergent wetlands and integrating perennial cover into harvested cropland.
Human activities have markedly altered the pattern and trend of net primary production in the Ili River basin of Northwest China under current climate change
Authors: Zhang Fuguang , Zeng Biao , Cao Ying , Li Fang , Tang Zhengyu , Qi Jiaguo
Published: May 2022

The Ili River basin (IRB), as an epitome of border areas of Northwest China and has experienced intensive human disturbance since the implementation of the Western Development Strategy in 2000. However, the ways that human activity affected the pattern and trend of net primary production (NPP) in this region under current rapid climate change remain unclear. Here, potential NPP time‐series data, driven solely by climate change, were simulated using a process‐based model IBISi, with an initial status that was already disturbed by human activity prior to the measurement period. The human impacts on NPP during the measurement period were derived by comparing potential NPP with remotely‐sensed ones. The results indicate that human activities have markedly altered the pattern and trend of NPP in the IRB during 2000–2017. Cropland reclamation and cultivation, and afforestation, have resulted in significant increases in NPP relative to their typically low values in the basin bottom areas. Associated with those changes grazing has caused negative deviations in most grasslands with potentially high NPP. As a consequence, the spatial heterogeneity of NPP was significantly lowered. A slight decreasing trend in NPP of the IRB was revealed by remote sensing, which contrasted the increasing trend that should have occurred due to climate change. This difference between the real and simulated trends was mainly attributed to a weakening of positive human impacts on NPP in croplands and strengthening of negative impacts in grasslands. These findings provide valuable information for current land‐use management and ecosystem restoration in Northwest China and Central Asia.
Stagnant wages, lack of career ladder among targets to bolster MH workforce
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: May 2022

When he speaks to his member executives of mental health provider agencies these days, the president and CEO of the National Council for Mental Wellbeing shelves his typical question of “What's your biggest challenge right now?” With the workforce shortage atop everyone's problem list, Chuck Ingoglia's conversation with members delves into providers' responses to a labor crisis of unprecedented proportions.
Apprenticeship seen as innovation to expand mental health workforce
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: May 2022

A group of state officials in Missouri contends that a component of the workforce that has been used successfully in other fields could have important applicability to human services during a severe labor shortage. Although the innovative Missouri Talent Pathways apprenticeship program will be implemented in the state Department of Mental Health's Division of Developmental Disabilities, officials are confident that the program can be replicated in mental health, aging and a host of other human‐service sectors.
Output fixed‐time synchronization of discontinuous coupled neural networks with multiple output couplings
Authors: Wei Ruoyu , Cao Jinde , Duan Peiyong , Gorbachev Sergey
Published: May 2022

This paper is concerned with the output fixed‐time synchronization of coupled neural networks (CNNs) with multiple output couplings. Two types of network model are considered: the CNNs with coupling delays and the CNNs without coupling delays. In addition, discontinuous activation is taken into account so that the model is more general. Then, by employing a new type of fixed‐time control lemma, two flexible control strategies are designed to realize the output fixed‐time synchronization of the multiweighted CNNs, and less conservative criteria are obtained. Moreover, the settling time can be estimated with more accuracy than most existing literature. Lastly, two simulations are designed to testify the correctness of the proposed theorems.
Surrogate‐assisted optimization of 3D printed ceramic nonuniform nonplanar microstrip filter
Authors: Mahouti Tarlan , Kuşkonmaz Nilgün , Yıldırım Tülay
Published: May 2022

Herein, by using 3D printing technology and data‐driven surrogate model‐assisted optimization method, design of a ceramic material‐based nonuniform nonplanar microstrip filter is taken into the consideration in a computationally efficient and low‐cost manner. For this aim, 3D EM model of the proposed design had been used for generating training and validation data sets. Then commonly used state‐of‐the‐art regression algorithms had been used for creating accurate and fast surrogate models to create a mapping between inputs of the model and outputs of the unit element design. After that, Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm had been used for design optimization of a bandpass filter. Then, via the use of 3D printer, the optimally designed filter had been prototyped and its performance characteristics are measured. As a result, by using 3D printer technology, ceramic material, and the proposed method, design optimization of nonuniform nonplanar microstrip filter can be achieved in a computationally efficient way.
A novel registration‐based algorithm for prostate segmentation via the combination of SSM and CNN
Authors: Qin Chunxia , Tu Puxun , Chen Xiaojun , Troccaz Jocelyne
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Precise determination of target is an essential procedure in prostate interventions, such as prostate biopsy, lesion detection, and targeted therapy. However, the prostate delineation may be tough in some cases due to tissue ambiguity or lack of partial anatomical boundary. In this study, we propose a novel supervised registration‐based algorithm for precise prostate segmentation, which combines the convolutional neural network (CNN) with a statistical shape model (SSM).

Methods

The proposed network mainly consists of two branches. One called SSM‐Net branch was exploited to predict the shape transform matrix, shape control parameters, and shape fine‐tuning vector, for the generation of the prostate boundary. Furthermore, according to the inferred boundary, a normalized distance map was calculated as the output of SSM‐Net. Another branch named ResU‐Net was employed to predict a probability label map from the input images at the same time. Integrating the output of these two branches, the optimal weighted sum of the distance map and the probability map was regarded as the prostate segmentation.

Results

Two public data sets PROMISE12 and NCI‐ISBI 2013 were utilized to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results demonstrated that the segmentation algorithm achieved the best performance with an SSM of 9500 nodes, which obtained a dice of 0.907 and an average surface distance of 1.85 mm. Compared with other methods, our algorithm delineates the prostate region more accurately and efficiently. In addition, we verified the impact of model elasticity augmentation and the fine‐tuning item on the network segmentation capability. As a result, both factors have improved the delineation accuracy, with dice increased by 10% and 7%, respectively.

Conclusions

Our segmentation method has the potential to be an effective and robust approach for prostate segmentation.
A computational approach based on extended finite element method for thin porous layers in acoustic problems
Authors: Wu Shaoqi , Dazel Olivier , Legrain Grégory
Published: May 2022

The simulation of stationary acoustic fields involving thin porous layers is addressed in the present article. Layer thickness is assumed to be relatively thin in comparison to the overall computational domain, but its non‐negligible acoustic impact must be taken into consideration in the numerical model. Within the classical finite element method (FEM), meshes are compatible at material interfaces and the element distortions needs to be avoided. These requirements usually lead to an excessively costly spatial discretization for these problems of interest, as it forces mesh refinement surrounding the thin layer. This article provides a computational approach to relax this restriction. A generalized interface model derived from the plane wave transfer matrix Method (TMM) is established for modeling thin layers. We develop variationally consistent formulations to impose the interface conditions from models of thin layers for diverse coupling configurations, in which both acoustic fluid and poro‐elastic media are taken into account. The computational domain is discretized using the extended finite element method (X‐FEM) in order to introduce strong discontinuities in elements independently of the mesh. Implementation of the proposed formulations within X‐FEM is verified to be capable of providing accurate and robust solutions. The efficiency and flexibility of the present approach for multi‐layer and complex geometry problems are demonstrated compared to classical interface‐fitted finite element models through different simulation scenarios.
Enhancing potential field data using its dip angle
Authors: Cooper G.R.J.
Published: May 2022

The dip angle of a seismic horizon is a commonly used attribute of seismic data. It has the useful property that it is almost independent of the amplitude of the features being analysed. When appropriately rescaled, it can also be a useful edge detector for potential field data. Rescaling is necessary because the gradients of potential field data are not dimensionless. The rescaling also allows the amplitude balancing effect to be controlled, which is useful when poor quality data are being processed. The dip angle of synthetic data and aeromagnetic data from South Africa are analysed and the filter is found to be effective.
Psychological distress of cancer patients caused by treatment delay during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: ye Yingjun , Wang Jin , Cai Shuping , Fu Xiaowei , Ji Yongling
Published: May 2022

Objective

The currents study sought to explore the impact of treatment delay on the mental health for patients with cancer during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic.

Methods

Travel restrictions were imposed in most areas of the country between 23 January 2020 and 25 February 2020 owing to the COVID‐19 epidemic. Travel restrictions were lifted from 26 February 2020 to 12 March 2020. The number of new confirmed cases significantly reduced after 12 March 2020. Study participants, comprised of individuals from three distinct groups: (1) 835 cancer patients who attended Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between 26 February 2020 and 12 March 2020; (2) 185 healthy volunteers recruited between 26 February 2020 and 12 March 2020; (3) 168 cancer patients who attended the hospital during the non‐epidemic period (after 12 March 2020). Two outcome measures including patients' posttraumatic stress responses and general psychological distress (GPD) were assessed using the Chinese versions of the Impact of Events Scale‐Revised and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Treatment delay was assessed via counting the time interval from diagnosis to treatment initiation, or from planned treatment date to actual date of therapy. Communication satisfaction was evaluated via a self‐report questionnaire. An independent sample t‐test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison. Statistical analysis included Chi‐square test, Mann‐Whitney test and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

All 1188 participants (835 patients with cancer and 185 controls during the outbreak, and 168 patients with cancer during the non‐epidemic period) completed and submitted the questionnaires. A positive association was observed between treatment delays and increased GPD levels (OR 1.716; 95% confidence interval ,CI 1.254–2.348; p = 0.001) as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (OR: 1.545, 95% CI: (1.166–2.047), p = 0.002). Patients who reported good communication with their doctors showed a significantly lower risk of GPD (OR: 0.526, 95% CI (0.348–0.794), p = 0.002) and PTSD (OR: 0.683, 95% CI (0.490–0.951), p = 0.024) compared with patients who reported unsatisfactory communication or had no contact with their doctors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that treatment at a local hospital, treatment delays and unsatisfactory or no communication with cancer‐care professionals were significantly correlated with severe GPD and PTSD symptoms of patients (all p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

The findings indicate that cancer patients who underwent treatment delays during the COVID‐19 pandemic may become vulnerable to psychological distress. The results showed that effective communication with doctors and cancer‐care professionals during outbreak significantly reduces GPD levels and PTSD symptoms.
In silico study predicts a key role of RNA‐binding domains 3 and 4 in nucleolin–miRNA interactions
Authors: San Avdar , Palmieri Dario , Saxena Anjana , Singh Shaneen
Published: May 2022

RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate many important cellular processes through their interactions with RNA molecules. RBPs are critical for posttranscriptional mechanisms keeping gene regulation in a fine equilibrium. Conversely, dysregulation of RBPs and RNA metabolism pathways is an established hallmark of tumorigenesis. Human nucleolin (NCL) is a multifunctional RBP that interacts with different types of RNA molecules, in part through its four RNA binding domains (RBDs). Particularly, NCL interacts directly with microRNAs (miRNAs) and is involved in their aberrant processing linked with many cancers, including breast cancer. Nonetheless, molecular details of the NCL–miRNA interaction remain obscure. In this study, we used an in silico approach to characterize how NCL targets miRNAs and whether this specificity is imposed by a definite RBD‐interface. Here, we present structural models of NCL‐RBDs and miRNAs, as well as predict scenarios of NCL–miRNA interactions generated using docking algorithms. Our study suggests a predominant role of NCL RBDs 3 and 4 (RBD3‐4) in miRNA binding. We provide detailed analyses of specific motifs/residues at the NCL‐substrate interface in both these RBDs and miRNAs. Finally, we propose that the evolutionary emergence of more than two RBDs in NCL in higher organisms coincides with its additional role/s in miRNA processing. Our study shows that RBD3‐4 display sequence/structural determinants to specifically recognize miRNA precursor molecules. Moreover, the insights from this study can ultimately support the design of novel antineoplastic drugs aimed at regulating NCL‐dependent biological pathways with a causal role in tumorigenesis.
Epitaxial Growth of Planar Hutwires on Silicon‐on‐Insulator Substrates
Authors: Aberl Johannes , Vukušić Lada , Fournel Frank , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Brehm Moritz
Published: May 2022

Quantum devices based on holes confined in crystalline Ge nanostructures have emerged as a promising platform in the field of quantum technology. Epitaxial Ge hutwires (HWs) successfully used in pioneering quantum bit (qubit) experiments are the logical next choice for long‐distance coherent spin–spin coupling experiments. However, leakage currents are currently limiting the device performance of HWs on bulk Si substrates. This drawback can be mitigated by the HW growth on silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) substrates. Herein, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) HW growth developed on technologically relevant SOI substrates with different device layer thicknesses is shown. Using atomic force microscopy characterization, the fabrication of HWs on SOI with lengths of up to 600 nm is demonstrated. In addition, the very narrow window of growth parameters for which successful HW growth can be achieved and the distinct differences of HW growth on SOI versus bulk Si substrates are addressed.
The stable atmospheric boundary layer over snow‐covered sea ice: Model evaluation with fine‐scale ISOBAR18 observations
Authors: Lorenz T. , Mayer S. , Kral S. T. , Suomi I. , Steeneveld G.‐J. , Holtslag A. A. M.
Published: May 2022

A realistic representation of the stable atmospheric boundary layer in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models is still a challenge. We study the evolution of a stable boundary layer over snow‐covered sea ice in Bothnian Bay during wintertime in 2018. We perform high‐resolution model experiments with the Weather Research and Forecasting model in its single‐column model configuration and its default mesoscale configuration to assess which physical processes are essential to predict near‐surface variables correctly. We evaluate our model runs against the unique observational dataset collected during ISOBAR18, which combines novel, upper‐air measurements by an uncrewed aircraft system with wind lidar, sodar, and conventional meteorological mast data. By analysing surface fluxes in the single‐column model, we demonstrate how the atmospheric cooling at the ground can be modelled more realistically than in the mesoscale set‐up. We show that surface albedo and sea‐ice thickness are essential for the surface energy balance in the model, and we demonstrate how the surface fluxes in the mesoscale downscaling with default settings are subject to strong biases. We also show that the ERA5 reanalysis is not capable of representing the observed surface meteorology in the stable atmospheric boundary layer. Our study illustrates the importance of surface albedo and sea‐ice thickness for NWP models. Though a seasonal snow albedo is already in use in many NWP settings, the routine inclusion of sea‐ice thickness, in particular, would be a great step forward for weather forecasts and regional climate simulations.
The relationship between chikungunya virus and the kidneys: A scoping review
Authors: Costa Denise Maria do Nascimento , Gouveia Pedro Alves da Cruz , Silva Gyl Eanes de Barros , Neves Precil Diego Miranda de Menezes , Vajgel Gisele , Cavalcante Maria Alina Gomes de Mattos , Oliveira Camila Barbosa Lyra de , Valente Lucila Maria , Silveira Vera Magalhães da
Published: May 2022

Several atypical forms of chikungunya fever (CHIK) have been described, including neurological, cardiac and renal involvement. These forms may be related to high morbidity and mortality rates. This scoping review based on the PubMed, Scopus, and WOS databases aims to identify and summarise all the available evidence regarding the clinical and histopathological presentations and risk factors associated with kidney injury related to CHIK, as well as the clinical impact. Thus, a total of 54 papers were selected from 1606 initial references after applying the defined inclusion criteria. Data on the association between kidney injury and CHIK are scarce, with studies only conducted in the acute phase of the disease, lacking further characterisation. Kidney injury incidence in hospitalised patients using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria varies from 21% to 45%, being higher among patients with atypical and severe manifestations. Although acute kidney injury does not seem to be related to viraemia, it may be related to higher mortality. Few studies have described the renal histopathological changes in the acute phase of CHIK, with prevalent findings of acute interstitial nephritis with mononuclear infiltrate, glomerular congestion and nephrosclerosis. Only one study assessed the kidney function of patients in the subacute and chronic phases of CHIK. Additionally, individuals with comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease, may be among those with a greater risk of presenting worse outcomes when affected by CHIK. The results described herein may contribute to better understand the relationship between the kidneys and chikungunya virus.
Twenty years since Joinpoint 1.0: Two major enhancements, their justification, and impact
Authors: Kim Hyune‐Ju , Chen Huann‐Sheng , Byrne Jeffrey , Wheeler Bill , Feuer Eric J.
Published: May 2022

Since its release of Version 1.0 in 1998, Joinpoint software developed for cancer trend analysis by a team at the US National Cancer Institute has received a considerable attention in the trend analysis community and it became one of most widely used software for trend analysis. The paper published in Statistics in Medicine in 2000 (a previous study) describes the permutation test procedure to select the number of joinpoints, and Joinpoint Version 1.0 implemented the permutation procedure as the default model selection method and employed parametric methods for the asymptotic inference of the model parameters. Since then, various updates and extensions have been made in Joinpoint software. In this paper, we review basic features of Joinpoint, summarize important updates of Joinpoint software since its first release in 1998, and provide more information on two major enhancements. More specifically, these enhancements overcome prior limitations in both the accuracy and computational efficiency of previously used methods. The enhancements include: (i) data driven model selection methods which are generally more accurate under a broad range of data settings and more computationally efficient than the permutation test and (ii) the use of the empirical quantile method for construction of confidence intervals for the slope parameters and the location of the joinpoints, which generally provides more accurate coverage than the prior parametric methods used. We show the impact of these changes in cancer trend analysis published by the US National Cancer Institute.
Fe–Mn–C–Al Low‐Density Steel for Structural Materials: A Review of Alloying, Heat Treatment, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Hu Shufen , Zheng Zhibin , Yang Weiping , Yang Haokun
Published: May 2022

Aluminum (Al) containing Fe–Mn–C–Al steel exhibits lightweight and outstanding mechanical properties, bringing considerable applications in vehicle, airplane, and mining industries as structural materials and components. The addition of C and Al elements into Fe–Mn iron matrix, following with subsequent heat treatment, plays an important role in microstructure controlling, such as single phase (austenite structure) or duplex phases (mixing with ferritic and austenite) matrix, as well as the short range order and κ‐carbide precipitation. These microstructural evolutions considerably influence the mechanical properties of low‐density steel, especially of the work hardening, tribological, cryogenic, and hydrogen embrittlement performance. The current article introduces the progress of alloying and heat treatment, as well as the subsequent heat treatment effects on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Al‐containing low‐density steel. The recent research progress on Al‐containing low‐density steel shall provide a valuable source of ideas for high‐quality, low‐density steel design, and engineering applications.
Singing the Same Song: Engaging Families in Read Two Impress Plus
Authors: Nash Kindel Turner , Michael Joshua , Mata‐McMahon Jennifer , Lee Jiyoon , Ackerman Kris'tina
Published: May 2022

Read Two Impress Plus (R2I+) is a fluency‐building routine involving students and a more experienced reader in an echo reading process using culturally and linguistically authentic texts. R2I+ was offered as a partnership‐centered, culturally and linguistically affirming family engagement to improve the literacy proficiency of students, aged 7–12, at two urban schools in the Mid‐Atlantic. Results of this mixed methods study indicate that the family literacy routine had a positive impact on the participating students' reading fluency. In addition, the engagement had a positive influence on the way family members engaged with their children in reading and literacy practices at home.
Synthesis and structure of silylene iron complex
Authors: Fan Qingqing , Li Qingshuang , Qi Xinghao , Du Xinyu , Ren Shishuai , Li Xiaoyan , Fuhr Olaf , Sun Hongjian
Published: May 2022

Four phosphorus‐chalcogen chelated hydrido iron(II) complexes5–8(o‐(Ph2P)‐p‐R‐C6H4Y)Fe(H)(PMe3)3(5: R=H, Y=S;6: R=Me, Y=S;7: R=H, Y=O and8: R=Me, Y=O) were used to synthesize the corresponding silylene hydrido iron(II) complexes. It was found that complexes5–6reacted with chlorosilylene1to give the silylene iron(II) hydrides9–10as ligand replacement products of trimethylphosphine by chlorosilylene1. Under the same reaction conditions, complex7or8reacted with chlorosilylene1to afford a disilylene iron(I) chloride11. Complex11can also be synthesized through the reaction of Fe(PMe3)4with chlorosilylene1. The molecular structures of complexes9–11were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
A Homoleptic Diphosphatetrahedrane Nickel(0) Complex
Authors: Uttendorfer Maria K. , Hierlmeier Gabriele , Wolf Robert
Published: May 2022

The stable diphosphatetrahedrane, (tBuCP)2, was isolated only recently, and its coordination chemistry has been little explored so far. Herein we report the synthesis of [Ni{η2‐(tBuCP)2}3] (1) by CO substitution of Ni(CO)4 with (tBuCP)2. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that 1 features three intact diphosphatetrahedrane molecules coordinated via their P−P bonds to a single nickel(0) atom. Multinuclear NMR studies suggest that the structure of 1 is retained in solution. The bonding situation is analysed using quantum chemical methods. The coordination behavior of (tBuCP)2 is compared to the isoelectronic P4 molecule, which scarcely forms complexes of intact P4 tetrahedra.
Estimation of the concentrations of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls in human serum using ionization efficiency prediction for electrospray
Authors: Khabazbashi Sara , Engelhardt Josefin , Möckel Claudia , Weiss Jana , Kruve Anneli
Published: May 2022

Hydroxylated PCBs are an important class of metabolites of the widely distributed environmental contaminants polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). However, the absence of authentic standards is often a limitation when subject to detection, identification, and quantification. Recently, new strategies to quantify compounds detected with non-targeted LC/ESI/HRMS based on predicted ionization efficiency values have emerged. Here, we evaluate the impact of chemical space coverage and sample matrix on the accuracy of ionization efficiency-based quantification. We show that extending the chemical space of interest is crucial in improving the performance of quantification. Therefore, we extend the ionization efficiency-based quantification approach to hydroxylated PCBs in serum samples with a retraining approach that involves 14 OH-PCBs and validate it with an additional four OH-PCBs. The predicted and measured ionization efficiency values of the OH-PCBs agreed within the mean error of 2.1 × and enabled quantification with the mean error of 4.4 × or better. We observed that the error mostly arose from the ionization efficiency predictions and the impact of matrix effects was of less importance, varying from 37 to 165%. The results show that there is potential for predictive machine learning models for quantification even in very complex matrices such as serum. Further, retraining the already developed models provides a timely and cost-effective solution for extending the chemical space of the application area.
Global existence and blow-up of solutions to porous medium equation and pseudo-parabolic equation, I. Stratified groups
Authors: Ruzhansky Michael , Sabitbek Bolys , Torebek Berikbol
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we prove a global existence and blow-up of the positive solutions to the initial-boundary value problem of the nonlinear porous medium equation and the nonlinear pseudo-parabolic equation on the stratified Lie groups. Our proof is based on the concavity argument and the Poincaré inequality, established in Ruzhansky and Suragan (J Differ Eq 262:1799–1821, 2017) for stratified groups.