bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AKTUELNI IZAZOVI REFORME DRŽAVNE UPRAVE U ZEMLJAMA ZAPADNOG BALKANA
Authors: Vranješ Nevenko
Published: February 2025

Predmet ovog rada jesu aktuelni izazovi reforme državne uprave u zemljama Zapadnog Balkana. Rad polazi od pretpostavke da su zemlje Zapadnog Balkan (Albanija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Crna Gora, Srbija i Sjeverna Makedonija) pred veoma sličnim izazovima kada je u pitanju reforma državne uprave, i to u kontekstu evropskih integracija kojima teže. Pored izazova evropskih integracija, reforma je neizbježna imajući u vidu i zahtjeve građana, poslovne zajednice i svjetskih finansijskih institucija, razvoj digitalizacije, ciljeve održivog razvoja te mnoge druge kako spoljne tako i unutrašnje faktore. Navedene države više od tri decenije pokušavaju napraviti otklon od autoritativnih upravnih režima, prilično korumpiranih upravnih struktura, slabe demokratske tradicije i niske percepcije povjerenja građana ka otvorenoj i transparentnoj upravi usmjerenoj ka njenim korisnicima. Sve navedeno provodi se pod snažnim nadzorom Evropske unije. U središtu rada nalaze se sljedeći zajednički izazovi reforme državne uprave navedenih zemalja: funkcionalna organizacija, (de)politizacija službeničkih sistema, digitaliazacija, izrada javnih politika i odgovornost.
CONFUCIUS INSTITUTES AS A PLATFORM FOR PROMOTING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: CASE STUDY OF THE CONFUCIUS INSTITUTE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BANJA LUKA
Authors: Cai Ying
Published: February 2025

All over the world, Confucius Institutes have been established with the aim of promoting the Chinese language and culture, as well as intercultural communication. Along with the deepening of cooperation between China and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the fields of technology, tourism, infrastructure construction, medicine and so on, there was a need for the citizens of both countries to better understand each other’s culture, and in this direction the establishment of the Confucius Institute at the University of Banja Luka was initiated. This research is directed towards the analysis of the previous work of the Confucius Institute of the University of Banja Luka, i.e. achievements and problems he faced in his development. The aim of the research is to acquire professional knowledge in order to share experiences and lessons with other Confucius Institutes, i.e. in order to improve their work as a global platform for the promotion of intercultural communication in the future.
JAZ U ODGOVORNOSTI U INFORMATIČKOJ ERI
Authors: Mijić Jelena
Published: February 2025

Odgovornost pripisujemo sa namerom da postignemo neki cilj. Jedno od opših mesta u filozofskoj literaturi je da osobi možemo pripisati moralnu odgovornost ako su zadovoljena bar dva uslova: da subjekt delanja ima kontrolu nad svojim postupcima i da je u stanju da navede razloge u prilog svog postupka. Međutim, četvrtu industrijsku revoluciju karakterišu sociotehnološke pojave koje nas potencijalno suočavaju sa tzv. problemom jaza u odgovornosti. Rasprave o odgovornosti u kontekstu veštačke inteligencije karakteriše nejasna i neodređena upotreba ovog pojma. Da bismo razumeli problem jaza u odgovornosti, njegove domete, kao i eventualna rešenja, u radu razmatramo različite vrste pojma odgovornosti. Identifikujući uslove primene ovih pojmova uviđamo da problem jaza u moralnoj odgovornosti dobija na značaju utoliko što nije očigledno na koji način bi mogao biti premošćen.
TEORIJSKI PRISTUPI I KULTUROLOŠKI IZAZOVI U ISTRAŽIVANJIMA SOCIJALNOG KAPITALA OSOBA SA INVALIDITETOM
Authors: Vukojević Bojana
Published: February 2025

Ovaj rad predstavlja pregled teorijskih stanovišta i istraživanja o socijalnom kapitalu osoba sa invaliditetom. Ciljevi ovog rada usmjereni su na istraživanje značaja socijalnog kapitala u svakodnevnom životu osoba s invaliditetom, s naglaskom na njegove efekte na pristup resursima i socijalnu inkluziju. Analizom se nastoji dublje razumjeti način na koji socijalni kapital oblikuje mogućnosti i iskustva ove populacije, to jest kako različiti oblici socijalnog kapitala utiču na kvalitet života i socijalnu participaciju osoba sa invaliditetom. Dodatni cilj rada jeste ispitivanje metoda za mjerenje socijalnog kapitala kod osoba s invaliditetom, pri čemu se poseban akcenat stavlja na metodu generatora pozicija. Socijalni kapital, shvaćen kao resursi dostupni pojedincima kroz njihove socijalne mreže, koji se može mobilisati u svrsishodnim akcijama, ima značajnu ulogu u različitim aspektima života osoba sa invaliditetom, uključujući obrazovanje, zapošljavanje, zdravstvenu zaštitu i socijalnu integraciju. U radu će se napraviti poseban osvrt na metodu „generatora pozicija“, kao ključnog alata za mjerenje socijalnog kapitala različitih grupa, tako što ispituje pristup ispitanika određenim pozicijama u društvenoj strukturi. Metoda se fokusira na tri glavne dimenzije socijalnog kapitala, a to su opseg, snaga i pristup, među kojima posebnu pažnju posvećujemo prvoj, u kontekstu naše ciljne grupe. Opseg se odnosi na raznovrsnost resursa kojima osoba ima pristup kroz svoje društvene mreže, a jedna od glavnih pretpostavki u radu je da upravo sistemske i infrastrukturne prepreke doprinose da ovi resursi budu oskudni za lica sa invaliditetom. U tom kontekstu, rad identifikuje specifične izazove koje ove osobe susreću u izgradnji i korištenju socijalnog kapitala, svom pozicioniranju u socijalnim mrežama, kao i faktore koji mogu olakšati ili otežati ovaj proces. Među njima, uvrstili smo kulturu neformalnosti kao posebnost prostora Zapadnog Balkana, čija dvojaka uloga ne bi trebala biti zanemarena u analizi socijalnih mreža. Na kraju, autor predlaže smjernice za buduća istraživanja koja bi mogla doprinijeti dubljem razumijevanju i unapređenju socijalnog kapitala među osobama sa invaliditetom.
LIŠENJE POSLOVNE SPOSOBNOSTI OSOBA S DUŠEVNIM POREMEĆAJIMA U SUDSKOJ PRAKSI EUROPSKOG SUDA ZA LJUDSKA PRAVA
Authors: Špadina Helga
Published: February 2025

Poslovna sposobnosti ima ključnu ulogu u ostvarivanju većine ljudskih prava. Lišenje poslovne sposobnosti punoljetnih osoba treba se primijeniti samo u iznimnim slučajevima teške mentalne nesposobnosti potvrđene objektivnim medicinskim vještačenjem i podložnu redovitoj medicinsko-sudskoj reviziji. UN-ov Odbor za prava osoba s invaliditetom otišao je i korak dalje i preporučio državama strankama da zakonski ukinu i u praksi provode oduzimanje poslovne sposobnosti na temelju mentalne bolesti te uvedu sustave odlučivanja uz podršku. Potpuno oduzimanje poslovne sposobnosti za osobe s mentalnim poteškoćama bez odgovarajuće zaštite i liječničkog pregleda moglo bi dovesti do povrede njihovih temeljnih ljudskih prava i dostojanstva. Glavno istraživanje usmjereno je na pravnu analizu prakse Europskog suda za ljudska prava i najrelevantnijih međunarodnih pravnih instrumenata o (ne)uskraćivanju poslovne sposobnosti osobama s duševnim smetnjama. Dva su pravna pitanja posebno relevantna – prvo, ima li (česta) upotreba instituta potpunog oduzimanja poslovne sposobnosti pravni temelj u međunarodnim pravnim instrumentima. Drugo je analiza sudske prakse Europskog suda o zaštitnim mjerama potrebnim za usklađivanje ograničenja poslovne nesposobnosti osoba s mentalnim poremećajima s odredbama Konvencije o pravima osoba s invaliditetom (CRPD) i Europske konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava (ECHR).
ВОКАЛИ У ЕЛЕГИЈИ КАД МЛИДИЈАХ УМРЕТИ БРАНКА РАДИЧЕВИЋА
Authors: Stefanović Dušan
Published: February 2025

Предмет овог рада јесте анализирање песме „Кад млидијах умрети“ аутора Бранка Радичевића са језичке стране. Тачније, у раду ће акценат бити стављен на вокале, њихову фреквентност и дистрибуцију у самој песми, што би представљало допринос квантитативном анализирању песама песника из доба романтизма.
Интердисциплинарност когнитивне наратологије
Authors: Đorić Sonja
Published: February 2025

Радом је указано на интердисциплинарни карактер посткласичне наратологије, са тежиштем на когнитивној наратологији, чија се интердисциплинарност огледа у утицају когнитивне психологије, когнитивне лингвистике, неурологије, филозофије ума, квантне физике. Идеје когнитивне наратологије интерпретиране су на концептима Дејвида Хермана, Мари-Лор Рајан, Монике Флудерник, Брајана Ричардсона, Елен Сполски, Ричарда Волша.
Болести византијских царева
Authors: Pantić Milutin
Published: February 2025

Циљ рада јесте истраживање одређених поглавља која говоре о болестима византијских царева. Истраживачки поступак усмјерен је на тумачење Хронографије и Алексијаде и подразумијева интердисциплинарну анализу, односно историјски, филозофски и медицински приступ. Пселово врхунско образовање послужило му је за литерарно поигравање у Хронографији, гдје доминирају критика и иронија. У наративу Михаила Псела термин болести има најмање три значења. Прво се односи на физичка обољења, костобољу, гихт и епилепсију, гдје аутор указује на своје врхунско познавање византијске медицине. Друго значење је карактеризација личности. Псел кроз детаљан опис болести дисквалификује владара, јер га сматра недостојним царског звања. Последње се односи на болест Царства која је проузрокована лошом владавином свих царева након Василија II (976–1025). Ана Комнин у Алексијади даје композицијски ток болести цара Алексија I (1081–1118), кога је задесио тежи облик костобоље. Ана је наратив о болести употријебила у два аспекта. Први је детаљан и реалан опис очеве болести, који је проткан тугом и истинском бригом, док је други жал за сопственом судбином и недобијеним престолом.
Конститутивни концепт правде и проблем стабилности праведног поретка у Солоновом политичком законодавству
Authors: Vučković Aleksandar
Published: February 2025

Рад представља интенцију да се Солонове политичке реформе, конститутивни концепт правде на којем се утемељује и проблем стабилности, сагледају из перспективе инкорпорирања традиционалних норми и релација у којима се правда представљала као одговор на друштвена превирања у атинском полису с почетка VI прије н.е. Оперативни принципи преко којих ће бити успостављана компарација и евалуација односе се на принципе дистрибутивности, еквиваленције, корелативности и јавности. Оправданост избора ових принципа за успостављање корелација и евалуације Солонових политичких реформи оправдава се чињеницом раног резоновања правде у хеленском искуству као релације између заинтересованих страна. Нарочит акценат је стављен на инкорпорацију ових принципа у Солоново писано законодавство које представља синоним у хеленском искуству за процес прелазака са оралног (обичајног) на писано законодавство, као и питање принципа стабилности политичког поретка.
Неки аспекти Aристотеловог разумијевања практичне и теоријске спознаје у контексту јединства спознаје
Authors: Galić Miroslav
Published: February 2025

У раду разматрамо двије врсте спознаје о којима говори Аристотел – практичну и теоријску. Циљ овог разматрањa је да се у враћању на прве дефиниције појма знања укаже на то да упркос постојању различитих врста знања, спознаја једино може бити посматрана као јединство. Савремена ефикасност и употребљивост техничко-технолошког знања довела је до све већег инсистирања само на једној врсти спознаје – практичној или техничкој, што нужно води растакању јединствености спознаје.
Светосавски завјет српског народа под турском влашћу
Authors: Vidović Maja
Published: February 2025

У формирању националног идентитета важну улогу играју завјети и митови. За српски народ два завјета су од круцијалне важности за очување идентитета. То су Светосавски и Косовски завјет. Ти завјети се посебно стављају у први план у критичним историјским раздобљима. Завјети утичу на развој колективне припадности, стандарде понашања, обећавају солидарност и повезаност народа у једну цијелину. Утичу на чување традиције, културе и обичаја. Утичу на развој колективне културе сјећања, очувања и преношења на будуће генерације.
ODNOS POLITIČKIH ELITA PREMA PROTESTNIM POLITIKAMA I NASILJU
Authors: Sporea Danijel
Published: February 2025

Tematika rada odnosi se na uticaj i reagovanje političkih elita na nasilje. Akcenat rada usmeren je na istraživanje problema nastalih oko promena režima, zatim teritorijalne upitnosti ili osamostaljenja države, koja je u velikoj meri za tadašnju političku elitu predstavljala izazovni test njenih sposobnosti. Period praćenja jeste period nakon pada Berlinskog zida, promene režima i talasa demokratizacije koji je pratio zemlje istočne i centralne Evrope, odnosno vremenski period od 1989. godine do 1992. godine. Takođe, u tom vremenskom rasponu SFRJ je prestala da postoji u svom priznatom dotadašnjem teritorijalnom integritetu. Posmatrani period pada komunističkog režima i njegovog kraha kroz razne metodološke pristupe biće analiziran u zemljama Čehoslovačke i Rumunije. Rad prati i raspad države SFR Jugoslavije koji je proizveo sukob i na kraju građanski rat među njenim stanovnicima. Polazna osnova koja je predupredila stanovništvo za gorepomenute promene jesu protestne aktivnosti koje su svojom organizovanošću, dinamikom i funkcionalnošću izazvale reagovanje tadašnjih političkih elita. Autor pokušava da na temelju empirijskih podataka i sadržajnog proučavanja teorijskog pristupa delovanja političkih elita objasni da li političke elite u naznačenim i pod različitim okolnostima postaju uzroci nasilja ili svojom reakcijom pospešuju nasilje. Nadalje, u jednom ilustrativnom konceptualnom formatu, koristeći raznovrsne istraživačke metode, autor nastoji da rasvetli i ponudi jednu objektivnu sliku o ulogama političkih elita i njihovom doprinosu svemu ovome što se stvorilo u minulim događajima između pomenutih država, ali percipirano sa današnje vremenske distance.
ШТА УЧЕНИЦИ ЦЕНЕ, А ШТА НЕ ЦЕНЕ КОД УЧИТЕЉА?
Authors: Marković Jovana , Joksimović Ivona
Published: February 2025

Специфичност учитељског позива разликује се од већине других професија, јер особине учитеља имају важну функцију у његовом раду. Учитељ у великој мери утиче на обликовање личности ученика, али и на њихов однос према учењу и школи. Особине идеалног учитеља биле су домен истраживања и педагошког правца педеутологије, коју смо детаљније описале у овом раду. Циљ спроведеног емпиријског истраживања био је сагледавање ставова ученика о пожељним и непожељним особинама учитеља. Подаци су прикупљени анкетирањем 137 ученика, трећег и четвртог разреда, из две основне школе у Србији, из Београда и Пријепоља. Анкетни упитник садржао је укупно осам питања, од којих су већину чинила питања отвореног типа, а имала су за циљ да сазнају које особине својих учитеља испитаници вреднују позитивно, а које би волели да промене, као и како они замишљају добре и лоше учитеље. Добијени резултати показују да је најцењенија особина учитеља међу децом приступачност, а да ученици не воле када су учитељи строги. Највећи број одговора односио се на то да би ученици волели да учитељи не буду превише захтевни, као и да добре учитеље замишљају као пуне разумевања, а лоше као строге. Издвојиле су се знатне разлике у перципирању особина учитеља међу половима. Приступачност се показала као значајна девојчицама, док су дечаци у великом броју издвајали стручне способности учитеља као важне. Ученици оба пола су наводили да би волели да њихови учитељи и учитељице буду млађи, остварују обећања и да их воле.
ХАЈДЕГЕРОВСКА ХЕРМЕНЕУТИКА И ТУМАЧЕЊЕ СРПСКЕ КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ: ПРЕГЛЕД И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ
Authors: Babić Tamara
Published: February 2025

У раду се испитују могућности примене херменеутике Мартина Хајдегера у тумачењу српске књижевности посматране у целини и с обзиром на особености сопствене периодизације. Из одабраних студија немачког фиолозофа у којима се бавио односом између филозофије и песништва издвајамо неколико тежишних категорија чију уклопљеност у различите поетичке системе стилских формација српске књижевности у даљим корацима и практично проверавамо на самим књижевним примерима. Та тежишта јесу односи према метафизици, језику, субјекту, песнику и песништву. На основу тако дефинисаних критеријума издвајамо оне стилске формације и њихова дела у чијем се тумачењу хајдегеровска херменеутика може применити и образлажемо могућности и услове њихове комплементарности. Главно питање на које тежимо да дамо одговор тиче се одлика које повезују оне стилске формације чија се дела могу успешно тумачити са становишта хајдегеровске херменеутике, што једним делом залази и у проблеме периодизације и компаративног проучавања, како српске, тако и светске, књижевности. У крајњем резултату, скуп ових начелних увида би могао представљати нацрт за будућа подробнија и нова тумачења појединачних дела српске књижевности.
РАЗЛИЧИТИ ОБЛИЦИ ОРГАНИЗОВАЊА ЗА ИЗВРШЕЊЕ КРИВИЧНОГ ДЈЕЛА– КРИМИНАЛНЕ ГРУПЕ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИЈЕ
Authors: Dragana Vasiljević
Published: February 2025

Učešće više lica u ostvarenju krivičnog djela je jedna od karakteristika pojavnih oblika savremenog kriminaliteta. Svi oblici učešća nisu istovjetni i to predstavlja osnovni razlog što su se u savremenom krivičnom pravu izdvojili različiti oblici kriminalnih grupa i organizacija. Pri tome se najviše pažnje posvećuje najznačajnijim vidovima organizovanja više lica u svrhu izvršenja krivičnog djela: maloljetničkim grupama – bandama, organizovanom kriminalu i terorizmu. U prvom dijelu članka pažnja je posvećena osnovnim karakteristikama pomenutih oblika kriminalnog organizovanja, dok su u drugom dijelu predmet obrade njihove sličnosti i razlike.
РЕГИСТРОВАНА ЗАЛОГА У ПРАКСИ
Authors: Наталија Јовичић
Published: February 2025

У раду се обрађује регистрована залога у Босни и Херцеговини, са свим својим проблемима у пракси. Лоше регулисање које повлачи и лошу праксу једног веома доброг института који је у већини земаља искориштен на много паметнији начин. Упоредно право у Републици Србији и примјери позитивних рјешења одређених проблема.
Perspective vectors of developing agriculture in fairs, festivals and exhibitions (Russian and foreign approaches)
Authors: Tinyakova Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2025

The article examines the trend of summarizing agricultural productivity in the format of fairs, festivals and exhibitions, emphasizes the acquired new features of this activity. The fair is a special, many times enlarged market with an atmosphere of festive trade, which activates the conclusion of trade deals and gives increased dynamics and expansion of the trading space. The agricultural festival also includes extensive trade, but the festival's retail space is clothed in an attractive shell of a theatrical spectacle with various cultural events. An agricultural festival is closer to urban sociality than a market. And it carries a huge potential for entertainment. A distinctive feature of agricultural exhibitions is that they carry a much greater scientific potential compared to the other agricultural events. The material elaborated for the article leads an analytical line from history to the present. Agricultural fairs, festivals and exhibitions are considered in comparison of the Russian approach to holding such events with foreign ones, more European, however, modern agricultural traditions of the American continent are not ignored, especially with the high productivity of the agricultural sector of the United States of America. When analyzing these forms of exposure of agricultural achievements, agricultural crops are highlighted that focus such large agricultural events. The agricultural exposition in various forms is analyzed in the article within the framework of fruit and vegetables production. When considering the three largest and most popular agricultural events, the author emphasizes the international format of this activity in her conclusions, one of the gaining power features being agricultural tourism. Agriculture is a fruitful environment for building successful international contacts, because it provides the food industry, thus taking a leading role in supporting people's livelihoods.
Prose by Yevgenia Maykova in the context of the same old story by Ivan Goncharov
Authors: Pavlovich Kristina Konstantinovna
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to two romantic stories written by Ekaterina Maykova "Maria" (1835), and "Woman" (1850). The study is associated with biographical, comparative and typological methods. The article focuses on the prose of the owner of the literary house. Her prose bore the stamp of the transitional time in Russian literature of the 19th century. The time when the aesthetic foundations of Ivan Goncharov’s work were laid and developed. Goncharov was a close friend of the Maykov’s family. The early work of the writer and his first novel "The same old story" (1847) is an artistic reflection of the time, ideological problems and disputes regarding the development of Russian literature during the transition from romanticism to realism. The plot of the ultra-romantic story "Maria" has a connection with "Eugene Onegin" by Pushkin. The connection is in the image of Tatyana Larina and at the same time the connection with the romantic Alexander Aduev from "The same old story" by Goncharov. The three heroes are brought together by their passion for the English poet Byron. A decade and a half later, the writer published the story Woman, in which realistic features emerge more and more clearly. The text seems to repeat the plot of Pushkin's novel in verse in the love line. Realistic denouement of the story by Maykova turns out to be akin to the ending of "The same old story", the text of which was written by Goncharov in the Maykov’s literary house. Prose experiments of Maykova turn out to be extremely important for explaining Goncharov’s dialectical attitude towards romantic traditions throughout his work. The stories written by the head of the literary house reflect the movement towards realistic trends, psychologism inherent to the Russian classical novel.
"Floral" symbolism in the lyrics of Arseny Tarkovsky
Authors: Popova Mariia , Skvortsova Anna
Published: February 2025

The subject of this article is the "floral" symbolism involved in the lyrics of Arseny Tarkovsky (a poet belonging to the "secondary current" of the Silver Age). In particular, the symbolism of roses and lilacs in his works is especially closely examined. The object of painstaking analysis are selected poems by Arseny Tarkovsky, Taffy and Igor Severyanin. The intertextual connections of A. Tarkovsky's lyrics with individual poems by Taffy and I. Severyanin (poets who are dissimilar, but united by the era of modernism in which they had to live and create) are noted. The purpose of this study is to find certain patterns in the references to floral symbols by Arseny Tarkovsky and other poets of the Silver Age, to establish intertextual links between them, and to study individual features characteristic of the mentality of this period. In this article, which explores the "floral" symbolism of Arseny Tarkovsky's lyrics, comparative historical, intertextual and motivic research methods are used. The novelty of the research lies in the establishment of intertextual links between the lyrics of A. Tarkovsky, which mention "floral" symbolism, with the poems of Taffy and I. Severyanin. It is concluded that Tarkovsky's poetry frequently mentions roses and lilacs. They are mentioned in connection with the phenomenon of recollection, sometimes even "false" recollection, traditionally expressing feelings of a loving nature. Roses are usually a symbol of earthly and heavenly love, fullness of life, very rarely witnessing the last farewell of the lyrical hero with his beloved. Lilac by A. Tarkovsky and I. Severyanin is also a guide to the chronotope of the past, while remaining a very specific sensual image, which is revealed in all its splendor, in all its tangibility, as well as a symbol of first love. Among other things, lilac has unexpectedly similar "light" associations in A. Tarkovsky and Taffy. The "floral" references to roses and lilacs have a dual nature in all these authors art: palpably sensual, acmeistic and symbolic.
From histology to macroscale function in the human amygdala
Authors: Auer Hans , Cabalo Donna Gift , Rodríguez-Cruces Raúl , Benkarim Oualid , Paquola Casey , DeKraker Jordan , Wang Yezhou , Valk Sofie Louise , Bernhardt Boris C , Royer Jessica
Published: February 2025

The amygdala is a subcortical region in the mesiotemporal lobe that plays a key role in emotional and sensory functions. Conventional neuroimaging experiments treat this structure as a single, uniform entity, but there is ample histological evidence for subregional heterogeneity in microstructure and function. The current study characterized subregional structure-function coupling in the human amygdala, integrating post-mortem histology and in vivo MRI at ultra-high fields. Core to our work was a novel neuroinformatics approach that leveraged multiscale texture analysis as well as non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques to identify salient dimensions of microstructural variation in a 3D post-mortem histological reconstruction of the human amygdala. We observed two axes of subregional variation in this region, describing inferior-superior as well as mediolateral trends in microstructural differentiation that in part recapitulated established atlases of amygdala subnuclei. Translating our approach to in vivo MRI data acquired at 7 Tesla, we could demonstrate the generalizability of these spatial trends across 10 healthy adults. We then cross-referenced microstructural axes with functional blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal analysis obtained during task-free conditions, and revealed a close association of structural axes with macroscale functional network embedding, notably the temporo-limbic, default mode, and sensory-motor networks. Our novel multiscale approach consolidates descriptions of amygdala anatomy and function obtained from histological and in vivo imaging techniques.
Intergenerational transport of double-stranded RNA in C. elegans can limit heritable epigenetic changes
Authors: Shugarts Devanapally Nathan M , Sathya Aishwarya , Yi Andrew L , Chan Winnie M , Marre Julia A , Jose Antony M
Published: February 2025

RNAs in circulation carry sequence-specific regulatory information between cells in plant, animal, and host-pathogen systems. Such RNA can cross generational boundaries, as evidenced by somatic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans silencing genes of matching sequence in progeny. Here we dissect the intergenerational path taken by dsRNA from parental circulation and discover that cytosolic import through the dsRNA importer SID-1 in the parental germline and/or developing progeny varies with developmental time and dsRNA substrates. Loss of SID-1 enhances initiation of heritable RNA silencing within the germline and causes changes in the expression of the sid-1-dependent gene sdg-1 that last for more than 100 generations after restoration of SID-1. The SDG-1 protein is enriched in perinuclear germ granules required for heritable RNA silencing but is expressed from a retrotransposon targeted by such silencing. This auto-inhibitory loop suggests how retrotransposons could persist by hosting genes that regulate their own silencing.
Aplicação da teoria dos jogos em decisões de investimento: equilíbrios estratégicos e gestão de riscos no mercado de ações
Authors: Costa Moreira Botti Matheus , Alencar David Barbosa de , Almeida Brito Junior Jorge de , Moraes Nadime Mustafa
Published: February 2025

O mercado de ações, caracterizado por sua alta volatilidade e complexas interações entre investidores, requer estratégias que equilibrem risco e retorno. Considerando a incerteza no comportamento do mercado, este estudo aplica a teoria dos jogos à análise de riscos e decisões de investimento. Objetiva-se identificar estratégias de investimento ótimas para diferentes cenários, integrando indicadores técnicos e financeiros. Para tanto, utilizam-se o Índice de Força Relativa (RSI), a Convergência e Divergência de Médias Móveis (MACD, que mede a relação entre duas médias móveis para detectar mudanças de tendência), o Retorno sobre o Patrimônio Líquido (ROE), a Margem EBITDA e o Índice de Liquidez Geral, organizados em matrizes de payoff para simular decisões e identificar equilíbrios de Nash. Observou-se que a teoria dos jogos, aliada a uma análise técnica e fundamentalista, é eficaz na previsão de estratégias de investimento. Conclui-se que a abordagem oferece contribuições significativas para o uso estratégico da teoria dos jogos no mercado financeiro, com aplicações acadêmicas e profissionais.
Innovations and Challenges in Bast Fibre Extraction for Sustainable Development
Authors: Chaudhary Sonal , Bhardwaj Anjali , Juneja Shalini
Published: February 2025

Bast fibres, derived from the inner bark of plants such as jute, flax, hemp, and kenaf, play a significant role in various industries, including textiles, composites, and bioplastics. The extraction of these fibres is a crucial step that affects their quality and sustainability. However, traditional extraction methods, such as water and dew retting, while cost-effective, pose environmental challenges and yield inconsistent fibre quality. More advanced methods, including enzymatic, biological, and mechanical extractions, offer promising alternatives but come with their own set of challenges, such as high costs and process control issues. This review examines the current methods for bast fibre extraction, focusing on their limitations and the potential for innovation. Future research should aim at developing cost-effective enzymatic and biological retting techniques, recycling chemical effluents to minimize pollution, and integrating mechanical and enzymatic methods to optimize fibre quality. By addressing these challenges, it is possible to create a more sustainable and efficient extraction process for bast fibres, thereby improving their applicability in environmentally conscious industries.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns in Adenotonsillar Bacterial Isolates in a Tertiary Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: VO Ikenga , NS Uyanwanne , UA Oparaodu , OB Da-Lilly Tariah , ATO Awopeju , LL Biibaloo , ME Ebong , BU Erekosima , J Ikurayeke
Published: February 2025

Background: The adenoids and tonsils are parts of Waldeyer's ring and are essentially the first line of immunological defense of the upper respiratory tract. These lymphoid tissues can frequently become infected, resulting in hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis. Bacterial infections are the main causative agents in chronic adenotonsillitis. Frequently implicated organisms seen ln the adenoids and tonsils include Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and sometimes anaerobic bacteria. The rise of antimicrobial resistance has greatly diminished the effectiveness of widely used antibiotics.
Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the microbiological characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates obtained from adenotonsillar tissues of children undergoing tonsillectomy in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.
Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study among patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Swab was taken from adenoid and tonsillar tissues and sent for sent for microbiology culture and sensitivity. Data entry and analysis was done using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 20. Tables and charts were used as appropriate to represent data. Numerical variables were summarized as means and standard deviation for age while categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages.
Results: A total of 50 patients aged 3 years to 7 years were included in the study. A median age of 4.0 years and mean age of 4.4± 1.5 years was gotten. Most (62% of the patients were under five male/female ratio of 1.3: 1. Most of the adenoid (40%) and tonsillar (32%) tissues did not yield growth. Viridan group of Streptococcus seen 20% of tonsils was the commonest organism isolated from the tonsils. Staphylococcus aureus as seen in 22% of cases was commonest bacterial isolate from the adenoid. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility, aerobic bacteria was resistant to most of the antibiotics. The sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus was as follows; erythromycin (59.5%), cefuroxime (54.1%), ciprofloxacin(51.2%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (51.2%).
The antibiogram of organisms showed a high rate of resistance of aerobic bacteria to antibiotics which was statistically significant. However, the predominant organisms were most sensitive to erythromycin, cefuroxime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.
Integrative Psychocardiology: Strategies for Managing Mental and Cardiac Risks in Oncology Patients
Authors: Cuthrell Kimberly Morton
Published: February 2025

A Holistic Approaches to Mitigate Mental and Cardiac Health Risks in Cancer Patients are discussed. Cardiovascular problems are notable adverse consequences of cancer therapies, encompassing chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. Psychocardiology emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary strategy that incorporates oncologists, cardiologists, psychologists, and other healthcare professionals. Psychocardiology examines the impact of psychological factors, including stress, anxiety, and depression—prevalent among oncology patients—on the exacerbation of cardiovascular risks. Investigations in psychocardiology are enhancing our comprehension of the molecular and behavioral pathways that connect mental, cardiac, and oncological health.
Optimizing Fruit Production: A Review of Sensor-based Approaches in Orchard Management
Authors: Harshitha D. Naga , Kumar B Pawan , Nagireddy P.
Published: February 2025

Fruit crops produce higher yields per hectare than other horticultural crops. Fruits are also a rich source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It is necessary to monitor and maintain the orchard properly to increase both production and quality of fruits. However, maintaining large orchards is quite difficult. The application of different sensors in fruit crops helps in precise orchard management and, therefore, helps in sustainable production in the long run. Remote sensing tools are useful in gathering data on factors necessary and act as a constraint for increasing the yield potential of fruit crops. An increase in the cost incurred in maintaining the orchards resulted in a low benefit cost ratio in the production of fruits. The application of sensors for the continuous monitoring of orchard facilitates in increased water use efficiency and precise orchard management strategies. This article reviews the use of sensors in various aspects related to fruits crops management.
Determinants of Tax Compliance: An Investigation at The Kupang Primary Tax Service Office (KPP Pratama Kupang)
Authors: Toly Agus Arianto , Djami Rhesa Ekaristi Agustiano
Published: February 2025

Tax becomes the prime and major sources of state revenue. Taxes play an important role because it is related to state revenue. Increased income from the tax sector can be achieved by improving tax compliance from taxpayers. This study aims to explain the effect of tax administration modernization and socialization on tax compliance at the Kupang Primary Tax Office (KPP Pratama Kupang). The sample size of the study is 400 individual taxpayer samples. Data collection was done using a research questionnaire, as part of the quantitative research. The multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyse the data. The research findings indicate that the administration modernization and sanctions have negative effect on the tax compliance of registered taxpayers at the KPP Pratama Kupang.
Efficacy and Safety of 5-Day Oral Ensitrelvir for Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19
Authors: Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Ohmagari Norio , Doi Yohei , Yamato Masaya , Bac Nguyen Hoang , Cha Bong Ki , Imamura Takumi , Sonoyama Takuhiro , Ichihashi Genki , Sanaki Takao , Tsuge Yuko , Uehara Takeki , Mukae Hiroshi
Published: February 2024

Importance

Treatment options for COVID-19 are warranted irrespective of the presence of risk factors for severe disease.

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of ensitrelvir in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This phase 3 part of a phase 2/3, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted from February 10 to July 10, 2022, with a 28-day follow-up period, at 92 institutions in Japan, Vietnam, and South Korea. Patients (aged 12 to <70 years) with mild to moderate COVID-19 within 120 hours of positive viral test results were studied.

Interventions

Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to receive 125 mg of once-daily ensitrelvir (375 mg on day 1), 250 mg of once-daily ensitrelvir (750 mg on day 1), or placebo for 5 days.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point was the time to resolution of the composite of 5 characteristic symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection, assessed using a Peto-Prentice generalized Wilcoxon test stratified by vaccination history. Virologic efficacy and safety were also assessed.

Results

A total of 1821 patients were randomized, of whom 1030 (347 in the 125-mg ensitrelvir group, 340 in the 250-mg ensitrelvir group, and 343 in the placebo group) were randomized in less than 72 hours of disease onset (primary analysis population). The mean (SD) age in this population was 35.2 (12.3) years, and 552 (53.6%) were men. A significant difference was observed between the 125-mg ensitrelvir group and the placebo group (P = .04 with a Peto-Prentice generalized Wilcoxon test). The difference in median time was approximately 1 day between the 125-mg ensitrelvir group and the placebo group (167.9 vs 192.2 hours; difference, −24.3 hours; 95% CI, −78.7 to 11.7 hours). Adverse events were observed in 267 of 604 patients (44.2%) in the 125-mg ensitrelvir group, 321 of 599 patients (53.6%) in the 250-mg ensitrelvir group, and 150 of 605 patients (24.8%) in the placebo group, which included a decrease in high-density lipoprotein level (188 [31.1%] in the 125-mg ensitrelvir group, 231 [38.6%] in the 250-mg ensitrelvir group, and 23 [3.8%] in the placebo group). No treatment-related serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, 125-mg ensitrelvir treatment reduced the time to resolution of the 5 typical COVID-19 symptoms compared with placebo in patients treated in less than 72 hours of disease onset; the absolute difference in median time to resolution was approximately 1 day. Ensitrelvir demonstrated clinical and antiviral efficacy without new safety concerns. Generalizability to populations outside Asia should be confirmed.

Trial Registration

Japan Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier: jRCT2031210350
The Impact of Occupational Therapy on the Self‐Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Gavin James P. , Rossiter Laura , Fenerty Vicky , Leese Jenny , Adams Jo , Hammond Alison , Davidson Eileen , Backman Catherine L.
Published: February 2024

Objective

To determine the impact of occupational therapy (OT) on the self‐management of function, pain, fatigue, and lived experience for people living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Five databases and gray literature were searched up to June 30, 2022. Three reviewers screened titles and abstracts, with two independently extracting and assessing full texts using the Cochrane risk of bias (quantitative) and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (qualitative) tools to assess study quality. Studies were categorized into four intervention types. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) (quantitative) and GRADE‐ Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (qualitative) were used to assess the quality of evidence for each intervention type.

Results

Of 39 eligible papers, 29 were quantitative (n = 2,029), 4 qualitative (n = 50), and 6 mixed methods (n = 896). Good evidence supports patient education and behavior change programs for improving pain and function, particularly group sessions of joint protection education, but these do not translate to long‐term improvements for RA (>24 months). Comprehensive OT had mixed evidence (limited to home OT and an arthritis gloves program), whereas limited evidence was available for qualitative insights, splints and assistive devices, and self‐management for fatigue.

Conclusion

Although patient education is promising for self‐managing RA, no strong evidence was found to support OT programs for self‐managing fatigue or patient experience and long‐term effectiveness. More research is required on lived experience, and the long‐term efficacy of self‐management approaches incorporating OT, particularly timing programs to meet the individual's conditional needs (i.e., early or established RA) to build on the few studies to date.
Mechanoluminescence and Mechanical Quenching of Afterglow Luminescent Particles for Wearable Photonic Display
Authors: Kim Seong‐Jong , Yang Fan , Jung Ho Sang , Hong Guosong , Hahn Sei Kwang
Published: February 2024

Optical properties of afterglow luminescent particles (ALPs) in mechanoluminescence (ML) and mechanical quenching (MQ) have attracted great attention for diverse technological applications. However, these unique phenomena need to be more clearly explained for the specific photonic application. Here, ALPs are designed for the development of a wearable and rewritable photonic display system as a communication toolbox under dark conditions or underwater environments with limited communication. This display system demonstrates long‐lasting MQ after short ML along the handwritten trajectories with mechanical pressure and the written content can be easily erased by short UV light irradiation, preserving the system integrity with the high reproducibility of ML and MQ responses. The effect of trapped electrons and the recharging process on the ML and MQ is assessed, which provides insights into their underlying mechanisms. In addition, this display system exhibits remarkable resistance to humidity and retains its rewritable and photonic capabilities underwater for a long‐term period. Furthermore, the rewritable property of display system on human skin is demonstrated, confirming their effectiveness as a wearable photonic display system. Taken together, this research will pave a big new avenue to develop biophotonic materials for various biomedical applications with mechano‐optical conversions.
Periodic Lamellae‐Based Nanofibers for Precise Immunomodulation to Treat Inflammatory Bone Loss in Periodontitis
Authors: He Ze , Liu Yao , Zheng Zi‐Li , Lv Jia‐Cheng , Liu Shi‐Bo , Zhang Ju , Liu Hang‐Hang , Xu Jia‐Zhuang , Li Zhong‐Ming , Luo En
Published: February 2024

Periodontitis is a common oral disease accompanied by inflammatory bone loss. The pathological characteristics of periodontitis usually accompany an imbalance in the periodontal immune microenvironment, leading to difficulty in bone regeneration. Therefore, effective treatment strategies are needed to modulate the immune environment in order to treat periodontitis. Here, highly‐oriented periodic lamellae poly(ε‐caprolactone) electrospun nanofibers (PLN) are developed by surface‐directed epitaxial crystallization. The in vitro result shows that the PLN can precisely modulate macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype. Macrophages polarized by PLN significantly enhance the migration and osteogenic differentiation of Bone marrow stromal cells. Notably, results suggest that the topographical cues presented by PLN can modulate macrophage polarization by activating YAP, which reciprocally inhibits the NF‐κB signaling pathway. The in vivo results indicate that PLN can inhibit inflammatory bone loss and facilitate bone regeneration in periodontitis. The authors’ findings suggest that topographical nanofibers with periodic lamellae is a promising strategy for modulating immune environment to treat inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis.
Human Omental Mature Adipocytes used as Paclitaxel Reservoir for Cell‐Based Therapy in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Andele Pacome K. , Palazzolo Stefano , Corona Giuseppe , Caligiuri Isabella , Kamensek Urska , Cemazar Maja , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Rizzolio Flavio
Published: February 2024

Primary human omental adipocytes and ovarian cancer(OC) cells establish a bidirectional communication in which tumor driven lipolysis is induced in adipocytes and the resulting fatty acids are delivered to cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment. Despite meaningful improvement in the treatment of OC, its efficacy is still limited by hydrophobicity and untargeted effects related to chemotherapeutics. Herein, omental adipocytes are firstly used as a reservoir for paclitaxel, named Living Paclitaxel Bullets (LPB) and secondly benefit from the established dialogue between adipocytes and cancer cells to engineer a drug delivery process that target specifically cancer cells. These results show that mature omental adipocytes can successfully uptake paclitaxel and deliver it to OC cells in a transwell coculture based in vitro model. In addition, the efficacy of this proof‐of‐concept has been demonstrated in vivo and induces a significant inhibition of tumor growth on a xenograft tumor model. The use of mature adipocytes can be suitable for clinical prospection in a cell‐based therapy system, due to their mature and differentiated state, to avoid risks related to uncontrolled cell de novo proliferation capacity after the delivery of the antineoplastic drug as observed with other cell types when employed as drug carriers.
Peptide‐Functionalized Inorganic Oxide Nanomaterials for Solid Cancer Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Duan Xiaolin , Wang Pin , He Lulu , He Zhen , Wang Shiwei , Yang Fang , Gao Changyong , Ren Wenzhi , Lin Jie , Chen Tianxiang , Xu Chen , Li Juan , Wu Aiguo
Published: February 2024

The diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors have undergone significant advancements marked by a trend toward increased specificity and integration of imaging and therapeutic functions. The multifaceted nature of inorganic oxide nanomaterials (IONs), which boast optical, magnetic, ultrasonic, and biochemical modulatory properties, makes them ideal building blocks for developing multifunctional nanoplatforms. A promising class of materials that have emerged in this context are peptide‐functionalized inorganic oxide nanomaterials (PFIONs), which have demonstrated excellent performance in multifunctional imaging and therapy, making them potential candidates for advancing solid tumor diagnosis and treatment. Owing to the functionalities of peptides in tumor targeting, penetration, responsiveness, and therapy, well‐designed PFIONs can specifically accumulate and release therapeutic or imaging agents at the solid tumor sites, enabling precise imaging and effective treatment. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the use of PFIONs for the imaging and treatment of solid tumors, highlighting the superiority of imaging and therapeutic integration as well as synergistic treatment. Moreover, the review discusses the challenges and prospects of PFIONs in depth, aiming to promote the intersection of the interdisciplinary to facilitate their clinical translation and the development of personalized diagnostic and therapeutic systems by optimizing the material systems.