bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data utilisation in Italian clinical laboratories
Authors: Bellini Claudia , Padoan Andrea , Carobene Anna , Guerranti Roberto
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology (SIBioC) Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (BAI) Working Group promoted a survey to frame the knowledge, skills and technological predisposition in clinical laboratories.

Methods

A questionnaire, focussing on digitization, information technology (IT) infrastructures, data accessibility, and BAI projects underway was sent to 1,351 SIBioC participants. The responses were evaluated using SurveyMonkey software and Google Sheets.

Results

The 227 respondents (17%) from all over Italy (47% of 484 labs), mainly biologists, laboratory physicians and managers, mostly from laboratories of public hospitals, revealed lack of hardware, software and corporate Wi-Fi, and dearth of PCs. Only 25% work daily on clouds, while 65%—including Laboratory Directors—cannot acquire health data from sources other than laboratories. Only 50% of those with access can review a clinical patient’s health record, while the other access only to laboratory information. The integration of laboratory data with other health data is mostly incomplete, which limits BAI-type analysis. Many are unaware of integration platforms. Over 90% report pulling data from the Laboratory Information System, with varying degrees of autonomy. Very few have already undertaken BAI projects, frequently relying on IT partnerships. The majority consider BAI as crucial in helping professional judgements, indicating a growing interest.

Conclusions

The questionnaire received relevant feedback from SIBioC participants. It highlighted the level of expertise and interest in BAI applications. None of the obstacles stands out more than the others, emphasising the need to all-around work: IT infrastructures, data warehouses, BAI analysis software acquisition, data accessibility and training.
In what ways are the Semarang University Indonesian learners of French developing an Interlanguage?
Authors: Kawecki Regis
Published: September 2022

The ongoing doctoral research reported in this paper aims at defining the interlanguage developed by the students learning French at the Indonesian State University of Semarang (in the French Literature Section) through analysing a corpus made of examination papers written by these students during two consecutive academic years (2019–2021). The analyses conducted so far show a limited number of syntactic elements that are proving difficult to students. The main challenge these learners experience is the building of texts that can be read easily and are efficient at proving their point. The interlanguage characteristic of this particular population of learners points to a possible interference of the mother tongue, some informal patterns typical of spoken discourse, and a written production sometimes dependent on the course contents. This paper is part of the AILA Europe special issue.
The Brexit campaign in British tabloids: The role of passives in the process of positive self- and negative other-presentation
Authors: Zečić Dajana
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the local syntax in 65 articles from the British mid-market tabloids, the Daily Mail and the Daily Express, covering the pre-Brexit vote period (February-June 2016). The paper focuses on the passive constructions in the chosen corpus and the main objective is to examine their role and function in a traditionally conservative and anti-EU discourse through an analysis of the sampled data set within the qualitative theoretical and methodological framework of CDA. The results point at an intricate network of both agentless and passives with agents contributing to both positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation as the dominant strategies of manipulation in the examined discourse. This paper is part of the AILA Europe special issue.
Inclusive Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Exploring English language teachers’ competencies
Authors: Žero Alma
Published: September 2022

Numerous studies suggest that foreign language teaching embraces a diversity-based approach that promotes an inclusive classroom culture and diversity-oriented teacher education. This review paper outlines the underlying principles of inclusive education, the different perspectives in understanding disability in the context of education for all, and the subsequent implications for language teacher education and competencies development. In addition, the paper looks at the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) where an extensive content analysis has generated a multi-year research project on English language teacher competencies in three interconnected phases. Although a number of steps have been made in moving forward, the implementation of inclusive education in BiH continues to face multiple challenges, some of which are a result of the complex geopolitical context, lack of comprehensive evaluation strategies, lack of a human rights-based approach to education, and scarce initiatives in systemic initial and continuing teacher education for inclusion.This review paper is part of the AILA Europe special issue.
Numerical study of post-combustion characteristic in a smelting reduction furnace
Authors: Wang Panfeng , Wang Nan , Chen Min , Yu Haiyang
Published: September 2022

For a smelting reduction furnace, the main role of the post-combustion operation in the upper space is to supply the energy required by the endothermic reduction reaction of iron oxide occurring in the melt bath, and thus the post-combustion behavior is important in the respect of reducing the coal consumption. In this paper, based on a developed 3D model composed of the Realizable k–ε model and DO radiation model, the post-combustion characteristics in a smelting reduction furnace was studied by numerical simulation, and the effects of top lance height, top-blown hot air flowrate and nozzle inclination angle of top lance on the flow and temperature fields, CO content distribution in the upper space were investigated. The results show that with the increase of top lance height, the length and temperature of combustion flame in the upper space increase, which is beneficial to expanding the post-combustion zone and improving the post-combustion of CO gas. And as the top-blown hot air flowrate increases, the position of the maximum temperature in the upper space gradually moves down and the CO content in gas mixtures decreases, which is conducive to the heat transport back to the melt bath. In addition, a proper velocity and temperature distribution in the upper space and distribution of CO content is obtained under the nozzle inclination angle range from 10° to 15°, but a larger nozzle inclination angle reduces the velocity and temperature in the central zone.
Newborn screening and genetic variation of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in the Chinese population
Authors: Li Yu-yu , Xu Jia , Sun Xue-cheng , Li Hong-yu , Mu Kai
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the fatty acid oxidative metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, the spectrum of variation, clinical phenotype, and prognosis of MCADD in Chinese newborns.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed newborn screening (NBS) data in the Zibo area from January 2016 to March 2022 and summarized 42 cases recently reported in Chinese neonates. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to detect the concentrations of carnitine in the blood spots and for diagnosis.

Results

A total of 183,082 newborns were detected, and six patients were diagnosed with MCADD (1/3,0514). The primary octanoylcarnitine (C8) and the octanoylcarnitine/decanoylcarnitine ratio (C8/C10) were elevated in all patients. Gene analysis revealed four known and four novel variants of the ACADM gene. Five patients were asymptomatic and developed normally under dietary guidance. One child died of vaccination-induced MCADD, presenting with hypoglycemia and elevated acylcarnitines.

Conclusions

The incidence of MCADD in Chinese newborns varies geographically from 1/222,903 to 1/30,514, and the most common pathogenic variant is c.449_452 del CTGA (p. T150Rfs∗4) in ACADM gene with a frequency of 27.7%. HPLC-MS/MS and genetic analysis are beneficial for early prevention and good prognosis of MCADD.
Association of gallstone and polymorphisms of UGT1A1*27 and UGT1A1*28 in patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver failure
Authors: Zhuo Haiyan , Fan Jinhai , Zhang Bifeng , Shi Yixian , Zheng Liqing , Chai Yihong , Yao Lvfeng
Published: September 2022

Genetic variation in UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene (UGT1A1) is a lithogenic risk factor for gallstone formation. This study aimed to assess genotype and allele frequencies of common UGT1A1 variants in patients with gallstone and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatic failure. This study enrolled 113 healthy individuals (CTRL), 54 patients with HBV infection (HBV), 134 patients with gallstone-free hepatic failure and HBV infection, and 34 patients with gallstone-related hepatic failure and HBV infection (GRHF). Peripheral venous blood samples were collected for genomic DNA isolation. Polymerase chain reaction amplification was carried out for UGT1A1, followed by direct sequencing. Analysis for genotype and allele frequencies of UGT1A1 variants (UGT1A1*6, UGT1A1*27, UGT1A1*28, and UGT1A1*60) was performed. The allele distributions of the four groups did not deviate from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Allele (A) and genotype (CA) frequency distributions of UGT1A1*27 were significantly different between GRHF and CTRL, or between GRHF and HBV. GRHF and CTRL exhibited significant differences in allele (A) and genotype (CA) frequency distributions of UGT1A1*28. Linkage disequilibrium analysis suggested that haplotype G-G-[TA]7-T may be associated with gallstone in HBV-related hepatic failure. Our data reveal that UGT1A1*27 and UGT1A1*28 variants are significantly observed in patients with GRHF compared to healthy individuals.
Numerical study of composite plates jointed adhesively with interspaced and interspaced double-lap joint subject to tensile load
Authors: Sülü İsmail Yasin
Published: September 2022

Numerical study was carried out for layered composite plates joined with both interspaced and interspaced double-lap joint subject to tensile load. The numerical analyses were actualized using ANSYS 14.5 software package based on finite elements method. The layered composite plates with different orientation angles were considered. It was considered that the composite plates and patches were carbon/epoxy (AS4/3501-6) and the composite plates were joined using DP 410 adhesive. The studies started with the determination of the failure loads the stresses in these loads were obtained. Normal and shear stress in all directions were obtained via numerical analyses for composite layers and adhesive layers throughout radial thickness. Moreover, the von–Mises stress distributions that develop on the adhesive were obtained as well. The effects of adhesive and orientation angles were examined at the adhesive and composite layers interfaces. The effect of the surfaces is great in the gap-free bonding of the surfaces. But the strength of the adhesive is more important than the condition of the adhesion surfaces in interspaced bonding.
Overview of friction welding processes for different metallic materials
Authors: Imak Anil
Published: September 2022

With the rapid development in the technological, industrial, and defense industries, the joining of metallic materials used becomes very important. Various problems may arise in metallic materials joined by traditional fusion welding methods. The friction welding technique, which is one of the solid-state welding types that contains minimum welding defects and creates minimum internal stresses after welding, can be used in order to reduce the negativities in different steel joining. Thus, the negativities in fusion welding methods are reduced. The friction welding is a plastic deformation and extrusion process that uses heat to convert mechanical energy generated by friction between the interfaces of these two material pairs as a result of one material rotating at a stationary speed and the other rotating at a rotary speed into thermal energy. The heating phase (friction phase) is the time until the end of the welding process. During this time, the surfaces are under pressure. The formation of temperature in steel is between 900 and 1300 °C, and this temperature is reached in a very short time. Thus, parts are joined together by the pressing force. Materials that are very difficult to join with fusion welding can be joined more easily by friction welding.
Tension-compression asymmetry of quadruple CuCoNiBe alloys processed by high-temperature multi-pass equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)
Authors: Elibol Cagatay
Published: September 2022

Among copper alloys, the precipitation (age) hardening quadruple CuCoNiBe alloys due to their superior mechanical properties in terms of the highest strength and elasticity achieved by peak aging have been used over the years in a wide range of industrial applications including aircrafts, coil systems, blast-proof materials, and molding dies. Combined thermomechanical treatment (i.e., equal channel angular pressing [ECAP] processing followed by post-ECAP aging) can result in a further enhancement of the strength of CuCoNiBe alloys due to the grain refinement and the formation of fine precipitates from α-Cu supersaturated solid solution. In this study, for the first time, the effect of severe plastic deformation by ECAP processing on the mechanical behavior of CuCoNiBe alloys is discussed thoroughly based on the material responses to tensile and compressive loading conditions. The results show that, besides a considerable strength enhancement, ECAP processing leads to a strong tension-compression asymmetry and significantly accelerated precipitation kinetics in CuCoNiBe alloys.
Effect of the notch location on the Charpy-V toughness results for robotic flux-cored arc welded multipass joints
Authors: Gürol Uğur , Çoban Ozan , Coşar İbrahim Can , Koçak Mustafa
Published: September 2022

In this study, the effect of the notch locations on the Charpy-V toughness values of the all-welded joint obtained using robotic flux-cored arc welding was investigated with respect to microstructures at the notch locations. Charpy impact tests were performed through the thickness with notch location at the centerline as well as off-set regions of the weld metal in addition to the microhardness measurements conducted. The detailed weld metal characterization was conducted using a stereo microscope, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope at the same location where the Charpy tests and microhardness tests were performed. The sub-zero impact toughness test results indicated that the columnar weld metal regions exhibited low toughness values while the centerline microstructure consisting of mainly reheated regions displayed much higher toughness values even at the test temperature of −60 °C, satisfying the toughness requirement of the requested 47 J value. It is concluded that a small variation of the through-thickness notch position may result in different toughness values for the same weld metal. On this basis, the notching procedure of the Charpy-V samples for the multi-pass weld metal should be conducted with care and obtained results should be explained with respective notch position and microstructure.
Die soziale Stratifikation am Ende des Äneolithikums in Mähren
Authors: Peška Jaroslav
Published: September 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet eine kurze Übersicht diverser, den Beginn sozialer Stratifikation anzeigender Bestattungssitten in Kulturen des ausgehenden Äneolithikums in Mähren. Bestattungssitten werden im Beitrag als ein ritualisiertes Spiegelbild prähistorischer Realitäten verstanden, bei denen Grabbeigaben symbolische Rollen übernehmen, etwa Zugehörigkeit oder Identität. Die Grabausstattung kann gleichzeitig auch die Position des Verstorbenen in Gesellschaft und Handwerk spiegeln.

Soziale Unterschiede zeigen sich bei den untersuchten Einheiten durch Allokation in isolierten Lagen oder innerhalb kleiner Grabgruppen, anhand ausgeprägter Grabarchitekturen (innere Grabkonstruktion, die Gräber umgebende Kreisgräben, Totenhäuser) sowie durch zahlreiche und verschiedenartige Grabbeigaben (einschließlich prestigeträchtiger Objektkombinationen – „Pakete“) als Manifestation gesellschaftlicher Stellung, Macht und Identität. Am wenigsten lässt sich dies in der Protoaunjetitzer Kultur erkennen.

Eine spezielle Kategorie umfasst die Bestattungen reicher Männer, die als Metallurgen angesprochen werden und in der Glockenbecherkultur klar dominieren. In der Anfangsphase der Glockenbecherkultur können wir sogar von Bestattungen gesellschaftlicher Eliten sprechen.
Investigating diffusion mechanism for HTO and Se(IV)/Se(VI) in compacted Tamusu clay rock with different column lengths
Authors: Sun Yuzhen , Liu Zhenxing , Tang Rongjing , Lee Chuan-Pin , Wang Zhifen , Luo Mingbiao , Hua Rong , Jiang Qifeng , Su Xuebin
Published: September 2022

Due to continuous self-sealing and good mechanical properties, the Tamusu clay rock of Inner Mongolia has been identified as the pre-selected site for high-level radioactive waste geological disposal site in China. The study of chemical behaviors related to Tamusu clay rock, such as nuclide migration, will be an important content of the performance assessment and safety assessment of the disposal repository in the future. The diffusion behavior of HTO and Se(IV)/Se(VI) with different compacted column lengths in Tamusu clay rock is discussed by the through-diffusion method. The diffusion coefficient, rock capacity factor, effective porosity, and other diffusion parameters closely related to nuclide migration are calculated, and the mechanism of nuclide diffusion is preliminarily discussed. The results show that D

a
(6.23 × 10−11∼17.96 × 10−11 m2 s−1), D

e
(1.62 × 10−11∼4.67 × 10−11 m2 s−1) for HTO increase with the increase of the compacted column length, and it is proposed that the diffusion process of HTO is affected by the change of geometrical factor and path tortuosity. D

a
(7.29 × 10−13∼1.74 × 10−13 m2 s−1), D

e
(5.15 × 10−12∼2.15 × 10−12 m2 s−1) for Se(IV), D

a
(3.11 × 10−12∼1.09 × 10−12 m2 s−1), D

e
(2.53 × 10−12∼1.09 × 10−12 m2 s−1) for Se(VI), which decrease with the increase of the compacted column length, it is mainly due to the existence of anion repulsion effect.
Cross-morphemic palatalisation in Getxo Basque: empty positions, bipositionality and place licensing
Authors: Balogné Bérces Katalin , Ulfsbjorninn Shanti
Published: September 2022

The variety of Basque characteristic of Getxo exhibits a form of coronal palatalisation that takes place intervocalically within and across words, triggered by a preceding [i] or [j]. This system in particular is interesting because it sets up a paradox as it both applies and does not apply at the word-level. The rule is sensitive to the leftward phonological context within the word-levelandthe rightward phonological context at the phrase level since in Getxo the trigger and target of palatalisation must come from the same word, yet the process only occurs if this sequence precedes a vowel-initial juncture: /in##V/, /il##V/. A previous solution involves stating palatalisation as a lexical rule and invoking a Duke-of-York Derivation to generate the masses of lexical exceptions attested largely in loanwords. This account misses a crucial generalisation, which is that, loanwords or not, there are no lexical exceptions across morphemes. We capture this generalisation and resolve the ordering paradox by relating palatalisation to the positional distribution of place features general in the language. This analysis involves positional underspecificaiton of nasals/laterals and a coronal default place of articulation. Underspecified nasals and laterals need place when they “become onsets” across word-boundaries, including through palatal spreading. In the reanalysis there are no “lexical exceptions” since these are underlyingly specified for place; neither is there need for word-level versus post-lexical phonology.
Combatting Misinformation through Science Communication Training
Authors: Osterhage Jennifer L. , Rogers-Carpenter Katherine
Published: September 2022

As the dual crises of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and worsening climate change show, the public must be accurately informed about science. However, many barriers hinder effective messaging about science to the public, including little formal communication training for scientists and an abundance of misleading information from nonscientific sources. Being able to communicate with the public is a vital skill that should be a formal component of scientific training. Here, we synthesize the rationale for incorporating public science communication into undergraduate biology programs and provide specific examples of curriculum efforts to improve undergraduates’ skills in this area. We review the literature about the importance of communicating scientific concepts to the public and previous efforts to integrate communication into biology curricula. Next, we provide examples of two courses aimed at developing public science communication skills and describe their integration into an undergraduate biology curriculum. We conclude with future directions and recommendations.
The Impact of 5E Instruction while Teaching Molecular Genetics in General Biology
Authors: Agudo-Ruiz Jorge Andrés
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the 5E model on the understanding of the molecular genetics concepts taught in general biology. The research had a quantitative focus and a quasi-experimental design, and the participants were 40 undergraduate students from a private university in the west of Puerto Rico, which were divided in two control groups and one experimental group. The initial data was obtained through a pretest that measured the understanding of molecular genetics concepts. The treatment lasted six weeks and consisted of the instruction of the topics of DNA structure and replication, transcription, translation, and mutations. The after-instruction understanding of the concepts was evaluated through a posttest. The results showed that the 5E model had a significant effect (p < 0.05) in generating a higher understanding of the concepts presented.
Theology and Ecology
Authors: Clemmer Richard O.
Published: September 2022

Straight with the Medicine: Narratives of Followers of the Tip! Way. as told to Warren L. d'Azevedo. 1985. Berkeley, CA: Heyday Books, ix & 54 pp. $5.95 (paper)

Between Sacred Mountains: Navajo Stories and Lessons from the Land (Volume 11 in the "Sun Tracks" American Indian Literary Series). 1984. Tuscon, AZ: University of Arizona Press, xi & 288 pp. $19.95 (paper); $35.00 (cloth, library binding).
Anthropologists Coming to Age
Authors: Fennell Valerie
Published: September 2022

Stanley Brandes. Forty, the Age and the Symbol. Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee Press, 1985. + 154 pp. $12.95 (cloth).

Jay Sokolovsky. ed. Aging and the Aged in the Third World: Part I. Williamsburg, VA: Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, 1982. iv. 174 pp.

Jay Sokolovsky and Joan Sokolovsky. eds. Aging and the Aged in the Third World: Part II. Regional and Ethnographic Perspectives. Williamsburg, VA: Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, 1983‐iv. 148 pp. Each volume $5.00 (students), $6.00 (individuals), or $7.00 (institutions). Paper.
VOICES OF DIALOGUE: Participatory Action Research Crosses the Border: Economic development and solidarity between Latinas in New Mexico and Maya women in Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Casey Gerrie
Published: September 2022

This article describes the work of activist anthropologist Christine Eber whose participatory action research in Chiapas, Mexico led to the development of a cross‐border solidarity project. Eber established the Las Cruces–Chiapas Connection, an advocacy organization that assists women of Chiapas with their grassroots economic development projects. Centered on women's artisanal craft production, the project helps create marketing networks for Maya women's hand‐crafted weavings, an effort that grew in significance for the women and their families with the passage of NAFTA in 1994. Since that time, the project has emerged into a cross‐border project with the Chaparral Family Development Center in New Mexico. Creaciones Yuca (Yucca Creations) involves low‐income, immigrant women in the U.S. working in direct economic collaboration with Maya women weavers in Mexico.
Transient remission of hyperparathyroidism after fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Elvas Ana Rita , Martins Fernandes Andreia , Reis Sara , Couto Joana , Martins Raquel G , Santos Jacinta , Martins Teresa , Marques Bernardo , Guimarães Joana , Rodrigues Fernando J C
Published: September 2022

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the unregulated overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH), resulting in abnormal calcium homeostasis. PHPT is most commonly caused by a single adenoma of the parathyroid gland, which can have an intrathyroid location in rare cases. The measurement of intact PTH in the washout fluid obtained by ultrasound (US)-guided fineneedle aspiration (FNA) can be useful in clarifying the aetiology of these lesions. This study presented a 48-year-old man with a background history of symptomatic renal stone disease who was diagnosed with PHPT and referred to our Endocrinology department. A neck US revealed a thyroid nodule with a size of 21 mm in the right lobe. The patient underwent US-guided FNA of the lesion. The measurement of PTH in the washout fluid was significantly elevated. Following the procedure, he reported neck pain and noticed distal paraesthesias in the upper limbs. Blood test results showed significant hypocalcaemia and supplementation with calcium and calcitriol was started. The patient was closely monitored. Recurrence of hypercalcaemia was later observed, and the patient was submitted to surgery. We present a case of FNAinduced transitory remission of PHPT in a patient with an intrathyroid parathyroid adenoma. We conjecture that intra-nodular haemorrhage might have occurred, which temporarily affected the viability of the autonomous parathyroid tissue. A few similar cases of spontaneous or induced remission of PHPT after FNA have been previously described in the literature. This remission can be transitory or permanent, depending on the degree of cellular damage thus follow-up of these patients is recommended.
Economía circular y empresas verdes: prospectiva del desarrollo sostenible regional en Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Galindo Erly Tatiana , Rivera Céspedes Pablo
Published: September 2022

Actualmente, la región vive frente a un modelo de economía lineal (extraer, producir, consumir y desechar), lo que ocasiona el aumento desmedido de la contaminación y el desaprovechamiento de recursos. Por este motivo, la presente investigación tiene el objetivo de identificar cómo el modelo de economía circular y las empresas verdes impactan el desarrollo sostenible regional en Colombia. El presente estado del arte, a partir de una investigación de tipo documental con diseño cualitativo e interpretativo, permitió revisar y analizar diversos documentos obtenidos de fuentes primarias y secundarias sobre economía circular y empresas verdes, con el fin de conocer y contextualizar los antecedentes epistémicos del tema de investigación. El modelo de economía circular propone estrategias económicas, ambientales y sociales, promocionando la responsabilidad social tanto personal como empresarial; entre estas prácticas podemos resaltar algunas como la aplicación de las 9R, la optimización frente a nuevos usos de los residuos sólidos, diseño de nuevas cadenas productivas, participación de empresas públicas y privadas en pro de un compromiso social y ambiental y diversos sistemas de innovación ambiental. Este modelo promueve que los recursos, que en la actualidad son desechados, puedan ser optimizados mediante la constitución de empresas verdes generadoras de nuevas cadenas productivas, que proyecten un desarrollo sostenible constante y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida. Según la OIT (Organización Internacional del Trabajo), los empleos verdes son cruciales para el desarrollo sostenible y responden a los desafíos mundiales de protección del medioambiente, desarrollo económico e inclusión social.
Neem leaves extract based seaweed bio-degradable composite films with excellent antimicrobial activity for sustainable packaging material
Authors: Kumar U. Seeta Uthaya , Paridah M. T. , Owolabi F. A. T. , Gopakumar Deepu A. , Rizal Samsul , Amirul A. A. , Rahman A. A. , Alfatah Tata , Mistar E. M. , Sri Aprilia N. A. , Abdul Khalil H. P. S.
Published: September 2022

Seaweed-based biodegradable films were studied with incorporation of different concentrations of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract. The films were fabricated via a hot casting method and were subjected to physical, mechanical, and morphological examinations to investigate the effect of the neem extract reinforcement in the edible film. There was moderate improvement in the tensile strength, contact angle values, and elongation at break values, while the water vapour permeability was reduced with the addition of neem leaves extract beyond 5 w/w %. Analysis of the morphology of the fabricated films confirmed that there was good dispersion of the neem leaves extract in the seaweed matrix films, which resulted in the enhanced mechanical strength of the fabricated films. Moreover, the fabricated composite films showed excellent antimicrobial activity towards both Gram-positive bacterium subclasses (coccus and bacillus), which is highly desirable for the packaging material in the current scenario. So far, this is the first report on neem leave based seaweed films with enhanced antimicrobial activity, which makes them suitable for sustainable packaging application. The experiments showed that the seaweed-based film incorporated with neem leaves extract has potential application as an active packaging material due to its enhanced mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity.
Evaluation of Salaries and Their Factors in Lithuania
Authors: Subačienė Rasa , Bruzdeilynaitė Gintarė
Published: September 2022

Salaries and wages are widely analysed in legal, economic and social dimensions. Remuneration reflect many aspects, therefore, they play a significant role for the individual, for whom it is often the main source of livelihood, for the company, for which the compensation of the employee's work is both business expenses and elements of business execution, and for the state, which directly influences wages through its regulatory mechanisms and for which the amount of salary is an important indicator of society's standard of living. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the salaries forms and systems applied in Lithuanian companies and the factors affecting them. To achieve the goal, the methods of scientific literature analysis, information grouping, systematization, and generalization were applied. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Lithuania in order to assess the forms and systems of salaries and the factors affecting them. The results of the study show that internal factors have the greatest influence on wages. External factors of greatest impact are the salary level in the region/country, labour market conditions, and the impact of the government. In Lithuanian companies, the time based form of salaries is most widely used, the unit based form is used in 19%, and the mixed form - in 26% of all companies. The research results show that the trends in the development of salaries’ systems are aimed at developing the employee's individual abilities, promoting his motivation to achieve both personal and company results, compensation for the work performed on different forms, with the purpose to achieve maximum definiteness, clarity and objectivity of the systems.
Групова класифікація рівнянь аксіонної електродинаміки
Authors: Брагінець О.В.
Published: September 2022

Виконано групову класифікацію моделей аксіонної електродинаміки з самодією аксіонного поля. Для цього спочатку прокласифіковано такі функції взаємодії, що відповідають нееквівалентним групам симетрії, та знайдено ці симетрії. Також наведено деякі точні розв’язки, які цікаві з фізичної точки зору.
Чисельний розв’язок задачі про поширення вимушених електропружних хвиль у суцільному п’єзокерамічному циліндрі
Authors: Григоренко О.Я. , Лоза І.А. , Сперкач С.О. , Безугла А.Д.
Published: September 2022

Проведено дослідження поширення вимушених осесисиметричних хвиль у суцільному однорідному та неоднорідному п’єзокерамічному циліндрі з осьовою поляризацією на основі лінійної теорії пружності і лінійного електромеханічного зв’язку. На бічній поверхні циліндра прикладено механічне навантаження і вона вільна від електродів. Розглянуто випадок неперервно неоднорідного п’єзокерамічного матеріалу циліндра. Сформу- льовано граничні умови в особливій точці циліндра. Для розв’язання поставленої задачі запропоновано дискретно-континуальний чисельно-аналітичний підхід. Після представлення компонент тензора механічних напружень та вектора механічних переміщень, електричної індукції та електростатичного потенціалу у вигляді біжучих хвиль вихідну задачу електропружностi у частинних похідних зведено до неоднорідної крайової задачі у звичайних диференціальних рівняннях зі змінними коефіцієнтами. Отриману задачу розв’язано стійким чисельним методом дискретної ортогоналізації. Проведено кінематичний аналіз поширення вимушених електропружних хвиль у суцільному п’єзокерамічному однорідному та неоднорідному циліндрах.
Аналіз коректності рівнянь радіаційної повзучості, в яких враховується зростання пор у матеріалі за модифікованим рівнянням Хуанга
Authors: Чирков О.Ю.
Published: September 2022

Досліджено умови коректності визначальних рівнянь радіаційної повзучості, в яких враховується зростання об’єму зароджених пор у матеріалі за модифікованим рівнянням Хуанга. Це рівняння, в якому вводиться додаткова безперервна функція більша за нуль, що залежить від жорсткості напруженого стану і має невід’ємну похідну, об’єднує класичні моделі Райса—Трейсі—Хуанга. За такої модифікації класичного рівняння Хуанга покращуються властивості визначальних рівнянь для аналізу пористості опроміненого матеріалу, що сприяє ослабленню обмежень на вихідні дані, пов’язані з жорсткістю напруженого стану. Розглядаються сучасні моделі радіаційного розпухання і радіаційної повзучості, в яких враховується пошкоджуюча доза, температура опромінення і вплив напруженого стану на процеси розпухання і повзучості опроміненого матеріалу. Для аналізу поведінки пористого матеріалу, що знаходиться під впливом нейтронного опромінення, застосовуються рівняння радіаційної повзучості, в яких незворотні деформації включають миттєві пластичні деформації, деформації радіаційного розпухання, радіаційної повзучості та структурні об’ємні деформації, що враховують концентрацію пор у матеріалі за модифікованим рівнянням Хуанга. За результатами аналізу властивостей визначальних рівнянь сформульовано умови, за яких потужність дисипації та потужність, що розвивається додатковими напруженнями на спричинених ними додаткових деформаціях, не зменшуються в процесі навантаження пористого матеріалу, що перебуває під впливом нейтронного опромінення. На основі одержаних енергетичних нерівностей, що узагальнюють постулат зміцнення Друкера стосовно опроміненого пористого матеріалу, встановлено умови, що забезпечують коректність визначальних рівнянь радіаційної повзучості, в яких враховується зростання концентрації пор в’язкого руйнування за модифікованим рівнянням Хуанга.
Pablo Rodríguez. Historia de un crimen pasional: el caso Zawadzky.
Authors: Mera Hansel
Published: September 2022

Durante la última década la bibliografía sobre el crimen, la policía, la justicia y los casos judiciales ha ganado fuerza en el mundo hispánico. Toda una corriente historiográfica ha virado su mirada hacia las gacetas criminológicas, el periodismo sobre el crimen, los archivos policiales, los debates criminológicos, etc., no tanto para resaltar los linderos del consabido control social, sino para entrever el sustrato sociocultural inherente a ese universo. A propósito, para el caso de la historiografía colombiana, el libro de Pablo Rodríguez se presenta como una apuesta muy bien lograda; toda una microhistoria en la cual Cali y el utillaje mental de una época quedan a nuestro alcance en cada uno de sus veintiún capítulos cortos, al final acompañados de unas conclusiones ante las cuales es difícil no estar de acuerdo.
Goodbye Capital Controls, Hello IMF Loans, Welcome Back Financial Repression. Notes on Argentina’s 2018/2019 Currency Crash
Authors: Libman Emiliano , Stanley Leonardo
Published: September 2022

This article describes the Argentinean experience during the first two decades of the 21st century. After a successful recovery phase from the 2001 debt crisis, during 2011 Argentina adopted incorrect macroeconomic policies to avoid the contractionary and inflationary effects from a large depreciation of the currency, by implementing a strict system of restrictions on foreign exchange purchase and sale. The restrictions were lifted 4 years after their implementation, and during 2016-2017 Argentina drew heavily from international capital markets until the country suffered a sudden stop of capital flows.
Perspectiva de género en la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación del Perú: aprendizajes para la Comisión para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad, la Convivencia y la No Repetición en Colombia
Authors: Morales-Roa Edith-Johanna
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este artículo fue reflexionar sobre la inclusión de la perspectiva de género en la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación del Perú (CVR) y los aprendizajes que esta experiencia ha dejado para la Comisión de la Verdad en Colombia en un contexto en el que existen múltiples relatos en disputa, así como recursos políticos que buscan ocultar las verdades que cuestionan los marcos de sentido hegemónicos del conflicto armado colombiano. Estas reflexiones fueron el resultado del ejercicio profesional, la revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema y los debates suscitados en el marco de la formación posgradual. Se concluyó que la CVR fue una experiencia pionera, aunque insuficiente para reflejar las inequidades de género en el marco del conflicto armado peruano.
Memoria, discursos transicionales y violencia política en Nicaragua: un pasado revolucionario
Authors: Ramírez-Ayérdiz Danny
Published: September 2022

En este artículo el autor busca abrir las discusiones respecto del papel del gobierno de Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (1990-1997) en la tramitación del legado de violencia en la revolución sandinista a fin de seguir generando explicaciones sobre la sistematicidad de la violencia política en el país y su peso en la democratización hasta la explosión civil de 2018. Para esto se analizan los diversos “discursos hábiles” del gobierno Chamorro a través de los cuales se instauró una memoria “encuadrada”, institucional. El “dimensionamiento” de la violencia es la propuesta con la que se concluye, anotándose diversas tareas para democratizar la memoria nicaragüense.
Guiding Students Towards Autonomous Latin Learning through Project-Based Pedagogy
Authors: Ujhelyi-Wojciechowski Lorène
Published: September 2022

This article aims to present an experiment conducted in a Latin class. The experiment relates to project-based learning, which seeks to make students autonomous in their learning of Latin and to restore interest in the discipline. The project consists of developing a mediation system involving ephemeral inscriptions in Latin tagged in the schoolyard. This article provides a description of a typical sequence for each phase of the year, and the students have missions that they have to conduct independently, either individually or in groups. While this project-based pedagogy involves rethinking the teacher's place in the classroom, it undoubtedly allows students to gain autonomy. The project stimulates the enthusiasm of the students, making it a useful tool for promoting the discipline.
La península Goajira y las leyes de “piedad Ilustrada” del Estado de Venezuela durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Palmar-Paz Pablo-Nigal
Published: September 2022

en este artículo se estudiaron los efectos de las leyes de “piedad Ilustrada” implementadas por el Estado de Venezuela en la península Goajira durante las décadas de 1830 y 1840 con el fin de restablecer el régimen misional. Para su elaboración se utilizó el método de investigación histórica socio-política. A partir de los datos encontrados y de la metodología aplicada se concluyó que estas leyes tuvieron como propósito el restablecimiento y organización secular del régimen misional para proteger e incorporar a los indígenas goajiros a la sociedad y a la economía nacional; para, restituir la propiedad de las parcialidades indígenas sobre el territorio de los resguardos despojados durante la República de Colombia (Gran Colombia); para, establecer normas de comercio entre indígenas y criollos; para fomentar la colonización criolla de las riberas del río Limón y del piedemonte de los montes de Oca con el fin de fortalecer la presencia venezolana sobre la península Goajira. Sin embargo, y con excepción del avance venezolano en la franja oriental de dicha península con el establecimiento de las “Guardias de Afuera”, el Gobierno venezolano no alcanzó los resultados esperados y siguió de manera inadvertida o intencional una línea de continuidad con el antiguo régimen misional colonial al persistir algunos de sus mecanismos básicos de funcionamiento como la tutela, la civilización forzada, la reducción y la expediciones militares de pacificación o “entradas”.
La profesión médica en la regulación del mercado terapéutico en Colombia (1895-1948)
Authors: Estrada-Orrego Victoria , García-García Víctor , Márquez-Valderrama Jorge
Published: September 2022

este artículo muestra el proceso de regulación del mercado de medicamentos en Colombia en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Este proceso se dio en un contexto de tensiones entre farmacia y medicina universitaria. La medicina estaba en vías de profesionalización y buscó subordinar los oficios relacionados con la salud, entre ellos la farmacia, y definió las reglas del mercado terapéutico. En medio de un floreciente comercio y de una incipiente industria de remedios, los farmaceutas fueron los primeros en organizarse gremialmente y en pensar la profesionalización de su oficio. El artículo sigue tres ejes analíticos: el de la normalización de la farmacia por parte de la medicina universitaria; el de la regulación del mercado de medicamentos como uno de los frentes de la higiene pública; y el de la lucha de los médicos diplomados contra los medicamentos de eficacia dudosa. El análisis muestra que la regulación de medicamentos fue parte de un impulso más amplio de medicalizar la sociedad. Los argumentos de defensa de la salud pública tuvieron un papel primordial en la regulación de los medicamentos y en la conformación de un monopolio de las artes médicas dominado por la medicina universitaria, y apoyado por el Estado.
Rao bewa: los cantos medicinales del pueblo shipibo-konibo
Authors: Favaron Pedro , Bensho Chonon
Published: September 2022

El pueblo shipibo-konibo, asentado principalmente en las orillas del río Ucayali, es uno de los más numerosos de la Amazonía peruana. Sus médicos tradicionales, llamados Meraya (u Onanya), son reconocidos en la región por sus grandes conocimientos y su honda tradición terapéutica. En el presente artículo, los autores proponen, con base en una sólida investigación etnográfica de muchos años y en sus propias experiencias en el campo de la medicina tradicional, una reflexión creativa, filosófica y poética en torno a los cantos medicinales de los sabios indígenas. Debido a que ambos autores son comuneros empadronados de la comunidad nativa Santa Clara de Yarinacocha y miembros (por afinidad y parentesco) de una familia shipiba que ha practicado la medicina tradicional y visionaria amazónica por muchas generaciones, el artículo no aplica metodologías eurocéntricas ni una escritura técnica. Se opta, más bien, por hablar desde adentro de las propias racionalidades, epistemologías y ontologías del pueblo shipibo-konibo. Los autores sostienen que este tipo de escritura permite dar cuenta de los saberes ancestrales con mayor fidelidad a la palabra de los sabios y expresar de una manera más profunda la rica herencia poética de los ancestros. Esta perspectiva metodológica busca ser un aporte en la formación de una academia indígena intercultural.
El motivo del gran árbol en las tradiciones chibchas
Authors: Niño Vargas Juan Camilo
Published: September 2022

La confirmación de la unidad de los pueblos chibchas en el plano lingüístico le ha abierto las puertas al estudio comparativo de sus tradiciones orales. El presente ensayo explora esta posibilidad centrándose en el motivo mítico de un gran árbol erguido al principio de los tiempos. La comparación metódica de mitos y tradiciones revela una variante muy antigua y bastante particular. Los árboles chibchas constelan rasgos cósmicos, humanos y cultos que los distingue de, al mismo tiempo que los emparienta con, las ceibas de las tradiciones sagradas mesoamericanas y los árboles de la abundancia sudamericanos. Unas conclusiones como estas sacan a la luz la singularidad de las formas de pensamiento y las tradiciones orales chibcha, a la vez que permiten ahondar en su historia y desentrañar las relaciones que guardan con las de otros pueblos amerindios.
Factores que influyen en el desempeño del sistema doble propósito bovino en el Piedemonte Araucano (Colombia)
Authors: Daza O. A. , Manrique C.
Published: September 2022

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los factores que influyen en el desempeño del sistema doble propósito en el Piedemonte Araucano. Se analizaron los registros productivos de 973 vacas pertenecientes al proyecto “Desarrollo de un programa de gestión tecnológica para la innovación social y productiva de la carne y la leche en sistemas de producción bovina de la región de los Llanos de Colombia (PBA)”, liderado por la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, entre 2016 y 2017.

En esta investigación se evaluó el potencial genético del recurso animal bovino en el sistema productivo doble propósito bovino. Se contó con la participación de 62 predios seleccionados aleatoriamente en los municipios del Piedemonte Araucano (Arauquita, Fortul, Saravena y Tame), se realizaron mediciones de la producción de leche y el peso del ternero desteto que genera este sistema productivo. Se encontró que la característica producción de leche por lactancia (PLL) es mayor o menor de acuerdo con el número de partos, así como también varia significativamente según el municipio, el grupo racial y la duración de la lactancia; en cuanto al peso al destete (PD), se encontró que la duración de la lactancia influye significativamente en este resultado, así como el municipio y el grupo racial, sin embargo, factores como el sexo no arrojaron diferencias significativas para esta variable. Además, se generaron los parámetros genéticos de heredabilidad (h2) y correlaciones genéticas para cada raza establecida en el sistema de producción doble propósito, para estas características productivas mencionadas, en el departamento de Arauca.