bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Does Indonesian Scientific Production on Renewable Energy Successfully Support the Policy Design? A Journey Towards Sustainable Energy Transition
Authors: Akbar Iqbal , Arisaktiwardhana Dhandy , Naomi Prima
Published: February 2021

The aim to achieve the target of a 23% share of sustainable energies in the total Indonesia’s primary energy supply requires enormous amounts of works. Indonesia’s scientific knowledge production can support a successful transition to renewables. However, policy makers struggle to determine how the transition benefits from the scientific production on renewable. A bibliometric study using scientific publication data from the Web of Science (WoS) is used to probe how Indonesian scientific knowledge production can support the policy design for transition to sustainable energy. The seven focused disciplines are geothermal, solar, wind, hydro, bio, hybrid, and energy policy and economics. Based on the data from the above-listed disciplines, a deeper analysis is conducted, and implications to the policy design are constructed. The study reveals that bio energy is the focus of the research topics produced in Indonesia, followed by solar and hydro energy. Most RE research is related to the applied sciences. The innovation capability in the form of technology modifiers and technology adapters supports the transition to sustainable energy in Indonesia. The research on bio energy, however, is characterized by higher basic knowledge than research on solar and hydro energy. This suggests low barriers to the access to the resources and to the completion of bio research in Indonesia. Designing Indonesian energy policy by comprising discriminatively specific sustainable energy sources in the main policy instruments can therefore accelerate the sustainable transition and development.
Agrobiodiversity in the Logic of Environmental Sustainability and Protection of Human Rights in the Context of International and European Union law
Authors: Krajewski Piotr
Published: February 2021

The origins of agriculture can be attributed, among others, to biodiversity. The emergence of new, more productive varieties and breeds resulted from combining the adaptation capacities of organisms with human intellect. Today, this component of cultural heritage requires special legal protection and sustainable use for the benefit of present and future generations.
Integrating Behavior Into Regional Resilience Concept for Sustainable Growth: An Example of Agricultural Sector
Authors: Žičkienė Agnė , Volkov Artiom , Baležentis Tomas , Štreimikienė Dalia
Published: February 2021

Regional economic resilience, which is a necessary and indispensable component for ensuring both regional and overall sustainability, is understood principally in relation to the system’s structure and overall functioning ignoring human agency and its bounded rationality. This leads to missing important and potentially crucial elements fostering or hindering resilience, and consequently to designing resilience enhancing programs with low effectiveness. This paper argues that the focus of the resilience concept should shift from the system structure to the behavior of agents, since any outcome at the macro level is a product of the myriad of interacting behaviors. The structure of the system and all the context matters as the options for the behavior and which options are chosen depends on the internal factors of the decision maker. A framework, depicting the mechanism how the above mentioned factors interact and determine behavior thus consequently influencing resilience is proposed. An exemplary analysis of how to use the framework is also presented.
Indicators of Sustainable Use of Wildlife: Problems of Formation and Implementation in the Russian Federation
Authors: Ivanova Svetlana
Published: February 2021

This article examines the legal category sustainable use of wildlife as a process of realization of rights and obligations by the subjects, based on the provisions of the Concept of Sustainable Development, International law and National legislation on wildlife. This process is aimed at ensuring biological diversity, achieving a balance of economic, environmental and social interests of the citizens, society and the state as a whole, the process, as well as to preserve the reproductive ability of the animal world.
Based on the analysis of certain provisions of the legislation on wildlife and law enforcement practice, the author makes a conclusion that Russia lacks a complex system of legal support measures for the sustainable use of wildlife. Legal, economic, ideological, organizational measures, proposed by the author of the article will make it possible to use wildlife in such a way, that will preserve and increase the number of wildlife populations, maintain an ecological balance, and ensure the needs in favorable environment for life and health for the present and future generations. The measures proposed by the author can create the legal basis for sustainable management of wildlife. The author suggests, that these measures can be useful in developing national programs for sustainable use of wildlife; providing incentives for the transition to sustainable use; strengthening the dialogue between the authorities and the population in order to involve them into the process of sustainable use of wildlife, so that to ensure a balance of economic, environmental and social interests.
Environmental Management Systems in the Context of Sustainable Development – the Identification of Open Problems
Authors: Bugdol Marek , Puciato Daniel , Borys Tadeusz
Published: February 2021

The cognitive objective of this paper was to establish the roles played by standardized environmental management systems in the process of the sustainable development of an organization. At present this process is analysed mainly in the context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals formulated within the scope of the 2030 Agenda for Global Action. The main research method used by the authors was a systematic literature review. The result of the conducted review was the identification of motives and conditions for the implementation of environmental management systems as well as advantages and disadvantages resulting from such implementation. The authors also indicated the major causes of failures in the introduction and improvement of systems consistent with the ISO 14001 standard and presented conditions determining their successful implementation. In the final part of the paper, they included recommendations for further research directions in the examined problem area.
The Path of a Saint: Buddhaghosa’s Argument for Sustainable Development
Authors: Prakash Gyan
Published: February 2021

A philosophical investigation of sustainable development has much to contribute to the study of philosophy of religion because religion has significant effect on human behavior. In Indian philosophy, to be precise, early Buddhist Philosophy argues for individual suffering and it’s solution. Notwithstanding, there is an argument that Buddhist philosophy does not motivate an individual to make efforts for sustainable development or preservation of natural resources. Therefore, one cannot contemplate the problem of sustainable development under early Buddhist philosophical framework. To refute this view, I have attempted to analyze Buddhaghosa’s notion of virtue. In this paper, I have argued that, there is a significant implication of the study of virtue for the area of sustainable development. This, consequentially, imparts significance to the balanced consumption of natural resources and balanced consumption of natural resources is vital for sustainable development.
WARUNKI A STRUKTURY. REWALORYZACJA PARKU W ŻELAZOWEJ WOLI WRAZ Z OBIEKTAMI OBSŁUGI TURYSTÓW, ADMINISTRACJI I ZAPLECZA GOSPODARCZEGO
Authors: Stelmach Bolesław
Published: February 2021

Struktury architektoniczne powstają na podstawie warunków odczytywanych przez autora jako determinanty jego projektu. W przypadku Centrum Chopinowskiego i Muzeum Chopina w Żelazowej Woli, były to warunki kontekstu przyrodniczo-kulturowego, warunki konserwatorskie, funkcje. Istotne były także zmiany projektu w trakcie realizacji.
OGRODY BASENU MORZA ŚRÓDZIEMNEGO – NA PRZYKŁADZIE ZAŁOŻEŃ OGRODOWYCH W HISZPANII I NA CYPRZE
Authors: Hortyńska Paulina , Dudkiewicz Margot
Published: February 2021

W basenie Morza Śródziemnego powstały jedne z najstarszych cywilizacji świata. Rozwinęły się tu kultury Egiptu, starożytnej Grecji i Rzymu. Było to miejsce przenikania się sztuki perskiej, hellenistycznej,  starochrzesciańskiej, bizantyjskiej i islamu. Ponadto region śródziemnomorski cechuje się łagodnym klimatem i urozmaiconym krajobrazem. Są to powody powstania wspaniałych założeń ogrodowych. Przeprowadzono badania wybranych obiektów ogrodowych na terenie Hiszpanii i na Cyprze. Zwrócono uwagę na układ funkcjonalno-przestrzenny ogrodów, roślinność i zastosowane materiały. Badania objęły ogród zabytkowy Park Güell w Barcelonie oraz współczesne ogrody przydomowe.
KWIATOWE ELEMENTY ROŚLINNE W XIX-WIECZNYCH POLSKICH OGRODACH KRAJOBRAZOWYCH W ŚWIETLE LITERATURY OGRODOWEJ
Authors: Pudelska Krystyna , Rojek Kamila
Published: February 2021

Wraz z przemianami ogrodu naturalistycznego w XIX w. zmieniały się także elementy naturalne. W związku z niestabilną sytuacją w kraju w ciągu XIX i XX stulecia niewiele z założeń krajobrazowych przetrwało do dnia dzisiejszego. Studia nad literaturą tamtego okresu pozwolą na przybliżenie zarówno wyglądu form roślinnych jak i ich przemian. Szczególnym zainteresowaniem należy obdarzyć formy kwiatowe, ze względu na to, iż kwiaty są najdelikatniejszym i najbardziej ulotnym tworzywem ogrodowym. We wczesnych ogrodach krajobrazowych rośliny ozdobne stosowano rzadko. Stanowiły wówczas jedynie zgrabne połączenia z drzewami lub krzewami, a czasem samodzielne niewielkie klombiki lub kosze na trawniku. W II poł. XIX w. za sprawą Humphry Reptona do łask powracają regularne formy kwietników. W następstwie coraz większej różnorodności gatunkowej roślin kwiatowych ulegały one dalszym ciągłym przemianom. Rozwój ogrodnictwa ozdobnego w Polsce przyczynił się także do rozkwitu ogrodów środowiskowych – ogrodów skalnych, różanych, paprociarni. Polska przeżywała w tamtym okresie renesans w architekturze krajobrazu. Powstało najwięcej parków i ogrodów. Z tego powodu prowadzenie badań nad elementami roślinnymi, a szczególnie elementami, których głównym tworzywem były kwiaty, jest niezwykle istotnym zagadnieniem.
ZABYTKOWE OGRODY KLASZTORNE WE WSPÓŁCZESNYM LUBLINIE
Authors: Pudelska Krystyna , Mirosław Anna
Published: February 2021

Założenia klasztorne na terenie Lublina mają bogatą historię. Pierwszy powstał już w XIV w. Z czasem do miasta sprowadzano kolejne zakony, dla których fundowano nowe miejsca pod zabudowę. Założenia lokowane poza murami miasta były otoczone pokaźnymi ogrodami. Do dóbr zakonnych należały także pola, łąki, folwarki, a nawet wsie. Przez szereg lat zakonnicy powiększali swoje włości, zabezpieczając w ten sposób finansowanie działalności, którą prowadzili. Po okresie świetności przychodzą ciężkie czasy konfliktów zbrojnych obejmujących Lublin. W tym okresie założenia klasztorne ulegają licznym zniszczeniom, część przekształcana jest na cele świeckie, a przylegające do nich ogrody są dzielone na mniejsze parcele, przeznaczane pod zabudowę lub są sprzedawane. Z istniejących w XVIII w. 18 klasztorów do czasów współczesnych przetrwało 14. Wszystkie są wpisane do Rejestru Zabytków Województwa Lubelskiego, a tylko 6 z nich stanowi do dzisiaj własność zakonów. Ogrody przy zachowanych obiektach różnią się powierzchnią i funkcją od tych z okresu swojej świetności. Ich obszar w obrębie miasta od XVIII w. do czasów współczesnych zmniejszyła się o ponad połowę. Cztery z nich uległy niewielkim przekształceniom, a w niezmienionej formie pozostały tylko wirydarze w 9 dawnych klasztorach. Pozostała zieleń pełni funkcje ogrodów przyszpitalnych, przykościelnych lub skwerów miejskich.
SYSTEMY CERTYFIKACJI BUDOWNICTWA ZRÓWNOWAŻONEGO – BREEAM I CSH
Authors: Przesmycka Natalia
Published: February 2021

W przeciągu najbliższych lat budownictwo (zwłaszcza mieszkaniowe) czekają nieuniknione zmiany w zakresie technologii, eksploatacji i całej filozofii projektowania, które okażą się być może tak rewolucyjne dla budownictwa i architektury, jak chociażby wynalezienie żelbetu. W artykule omówiono problematykę związaną z definiowaniem i certyfikowaniem budynków zrównoważonych. Wprowadzenie jednolitego, obowiązkowego systemu oceny i certyfikacji dla budynków zrównoważonych jest prawdopodobnie kwestią najbliższych kilku lat. Obecnie najbardziej popularne są systemy BREEAM dla budynków użyteczności publicznej i CSH dla budynków mieszkalnych.
UKŁAD PRZESTRZENNY ŁAZIENEK KRÓLEWSKICH W WARSZAWIE JAKO PRZYKŁAD ZAŁOŻENIA KRAJOBRAZOWEGO NA SKALĘ KRAJOWĄ
Authors: Janicka Magdalena
Published: February 2021

Założenie pałacowo-parkowe Łazienki Królewskie w Warszawie stanowi przykład ogrodu krajobrazowego w skali kraju. Niegdyś pozamiejska siedziba królów stała się dziś ogólnomiejskim parkiem wypoczynkowym, który dzięki bogactwu sztuki architektury stanowi jedno z piękniejszych muzeów. Wartość Łazienek Królewskich wiąże się z ich niepowtarzalnym charakterem, na który wpływa zarówno świadomość historyczna, zabytkowa, jak i identyfikacyjna powstała na skutek integracji dzieła rąk ludzkich z poszanowaniem dla piękna otaczającego krajobrazu. Układ przestrzenny to jedna z cech wyróżniających Łazienki Królewskie. Swoboda, malowniczość parku łazienkowskiego jak również założenie urbanistyczne osi stanisławowskiej łączące dawną siedzibę królów z miastem tworzą z Łazienek Królewskich unikatowy eksponat. Całość zespołu pałacowo-parkowego wyróżnia czytelna, inspirowana naturalnymi formami kompozycja przestrzenna łącząca go z otoczeniem z użyciem powiązań widokowych i komunikacyjnych. Istotną rolę w układzie przestrzennym Łazienek Królewskich odgrywa woda. Długie, wijące kanały, stawy eksponujące budowle, poszerzające perspektywę, prowadzące wzrok nad szeroka taflą wody niezaprzeczalnie wpływają na wartość całego układu przestrzennego Łazienek Królewskich.
MAŁA ARCHITEKTURA – WAŻNY AKCENT ZAŁOŻENIA PRZESTRZENNEGO ŁAZIENEK KRÓLEWSKICH
Authors: Janicka Magdalena
Published: February 2021

Łazienki królewskie w Warszawie wyróżnia mnogość form małej architektury. Stanowią one umieszczony w sercu miasta zakątek historii polskiej kultury i sztuki wpleciony w scenerię krajobrazowego ogrodu. Przejrzysty, inspirowany przyrodą układ przestrzenny ogrodu silnie akcentowany jest przedstawieniami rzeźbiarskimi i formami małej architektury – mosty. Zarówno przedstawienia rzeźbiarskie, jak i formy mostów stanowią uzupełnienie kompozycyjne całości założenia. Czerpiący natchnienie ze sztuki antycznej, chińskiej najznamienitsi artyści tworzyli tu dzieła, które harmonizując z otoczeniem przemieniły park w miejsce posiadające niemożliwą do wydzielenia na poszczególne elementy całość o symbolicznym i duchowym wymiarze.
DZIEJE OSADNICTWA ISLANDII I ARCHITEKTURA REYKJAVIKU NA PRZYKŁADACH
Authors: Doroz-Turek Małgorzata
Published: February 2021

Artykuł poświęcony został nordyckiemu kraju na wyspie, o którym słyszymy głównie z powodu erupcji wulkanów. W artykule, napisanym pod wpływem wrażeń i fascynacji naocznie poznanej Islandii i przestrzeni jej stolicy, przedstawiono rys historyczny osadnictwa od początku jego istnienia i zaprezentowano kilka ważniejszych obiektów związanych z historią i przestrzenią urbanistyczną Reykjaviku, stolicy jednej z najpiękniejszych wysp na świecie.
TATHBȊQ WASȊLAH AL-TA'LIM "POWTOON" FȊ TARQIYYATI MAHᾹRAH AL-‎QIRᾹ'AH‎
Authors: Hanifah Umi , Hidayah Muhfidatul Winda Winda
Published: February 2021

Among the problems of learning Arabic in Islamic schools is the number of students who find it difficult to learn reading skills, one of the reasons is the use of learning media that is not effective and causes students to get bored. Therefore, in this study the authors examine the "Powtoon" learning media to improve reading skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of the "Powtoon" learning media and the effectiveness of its application in improving reading skills, therefore this research is very important for Arabic teachers in solving the problem of learning reading skills. This study is a quantitative study. The subjects in this study were students of class VII at State Islamic Junior High School 2 Sidoarjo. Data collection uses observation, interview and test. The results showed that the application of the "Powtoon" learning media was effective in improving the reading skills students of class VII at State Islamic Junior High School 2 Sidoarjo with a score of t_0, the result was 29.8 and tt was 1.701, so t_0 was greater than tt which means that the null hypothesis (Ho) is Rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.

Keywords: Learning Media, Powtoon, Reading Skills,
An Association Between Demographic Factors And Emotional Intelligence and Occupational Stress Among Nurses in Andhra Pradesh
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, Bharat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mangalpally, Hyderabad. Telangana State, India., Shaik* Dr. Kahmeera
Published: February 2021

Emotional Intelligence is a significant factor for occupational success as it supports employees in decision making, team work, communication, relationships and exhibits transformation in evaluating emotions and thoughts. Every profession is having its own importance, demands, challenges and consequences. Likewise nursing is a profession where most time has to be spent with patients in the hospital. As it is a patient centered profession, nurses require certain skills that bolster the professional abilities to lead effectively. The researcher desires to study the affinity of demographic factors and EI in managing occupational stress in healthcare sector among nurses. Survey method was conducted among nurses comparing selected public and private teaching hospitals of Guntur and Vijayawada Cities of Andhra Pradesh. The sample size of the study is 639 respondents. The statistical tools used were Independent Sample T-Test, One-way ANOVA and Multiple Regression Analysis Forward Stepwise. There is a statistically significant difference among the means of Family Members in the Nursing Profession, Marital Status, Type of Family, Age, Qualification, Experience and Income of public hospitals with EI and OS, where p<0.05 and there is no statistically significant difference among the means of private hospitals, where p>0.05. There is no statistically significant difference among the means of work shifts and EI and OS in both the hospitals. As one unit in age increases, the EI increase with 7.044 and OS decreases with -5.862 respectively. As one unit increase in experience and income, the EI and OS also increase with 3.109 and 3.364 respectively (statistically significant linear relationship, where p<0.05). It is suggested that the management should recruit candidates after conducting the EI test or give rigorous training for improvement of EI levels for the lower age respondents. The management should focus on reward monetary and nonmonetary benefits and peer to peer relations. The night shifts should split into two groups to minimize the stress. The demographic factors have moderating effect on EI and OS in public hospitals. There is an inverse relationship between age, EI and OS. EI training to nurses can decrease the OS and helps them to buffer, resile and agile for survival of the fittest.
ANALISIS TERHADAP PEMECATAN ANGGOTA KEPOLISIAN MELALUI SIDANG KODE ETIK PROFESI PADA WILAYAH KEPOLISIAN DAERAH SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Haruna Husain , Renggong Ruslan , Siku Abdul Salam
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk pelanggaran dan penerapan sanksi yang diberikan kepada anggota Polri yang melanggar kode etik profesi kepolisian, serta dampaknya akibat proses hukum yang timbul setelah penjatuhan putusan sidang Kode Etik Profesi Polri di Wilayah Hukum Kepolisian Daerah Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini dilak-sanakan pada Kantor Kepolisian Daerah (POLDA) Sulawesi Selatan, dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif empiris, artinya pendekatan yang dilakukan untuk menganalisis tentang sejauhmana suatu peraturan atau hukum yang sedang berlaku secara efektif dalam lingkungan Polri mengenai pemecatan anggota Polri melalui sidang Kode Etik Profesi pada wilayah Kepolisian Daerah Sulawesi Selatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bentuk pelanggaran dan penerapan sanksi yang diberikan kepada anggota Polri yang melanggar Kode Etik Profesi Polri (KEPP) di wilayah hukum Kepolisian Daerah Sulawesi Selatan, pada tahun 2016-2019 telah terjadi pelanggaran dan sanksi KEPP sebanyak 75 kasus. Sedangkan dalam penjatuhan putusan sidang Komisi Kode Etik Polri (KKEP) dengan sanksi rekomendasi Pemberhentian Tidak dengan Hormat (PTDH) dari tahun 2016-2019 sebanyak 39 kasus PTDH.

 

This study aims to determine the form of violations and the application of sanctions imposed on members of the National Police who violate the police profession code of ethics, and their impact due to the legal process arising after the decision of the Polri Profession Code of Ethics hearing in the South Sulawesi Regional Police Legal Area. This research was carried out at the  Regional Police Office (RPO) of South Sulawes, using an empirical normative approach, meaning the approach taken to analyze the extent to which a regulation or law is being applied effectively within the National Police regarding the dismissal of members of the National Police through the Professional Code of Ethics in the region South Sulawesi Regional Police. The results of this study indicate that the form of violations and the application of sanctions given to members of the Police who violated the National Police Profession Code of Ethics (PCE) in the South Sulawesi Regional Police jurisdiction, violations and PCE sanctions occurred in 75 cases. Whereas in the ruling of the decision of the National Police Ethics Code (PCE) Commission  with recommended sanctions, the  Dismissal Not with  Resignation (DNWR) from 2016-2019 was 39 cases of DNWR.
EFEKTIVITAS PERLINDUNGAN ANAK YANG MELAKUKAN PENCURIAN DENGAN KEKERASAN DI KOTA MAKASSAR (STUDI KASUS PADA POLRESTABES MAKASSAR)
Authors: Widianto Asep , Mas Marwan , A. Hasan Yulia
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya perlindunganhak asasi anak yang melakukan pencurian dengan kekerasan dalam proses penyidikan di Kota Makassar serta faktor yang meyebabkan terjadinya pencurian dengan kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh anak di Kota Makassar.Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kantor Kepolisian Resort Kota Besar Makassar. Metode yang penulis gunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan tujuan untuk menguji upaya perlindunganhak asasi anak yang melakukan pencurian dengan kekerasan dalam proses penyidikan di Kota Makassar serta faktor yang meyebabkan terjadinya pencurian dengan kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh anak di Kota Makassar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya perlindungan hak asasi anak yang melakukan pencurian dengan kekerasan dalam proses penyidikan di Kota Makassarbelum terlaksana sepenuhnya secara baik. Adapaun faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya pencurian dengan kekerasan di Kota Makassar adalah faktor kurangnya perhatian orang tua, faktor ekonomi, faktor lingkungan Sosial dan faktor rendahnya pendidikan

 

This research aims to know the efforts of protection of the rights of children who commit theft with violence in the process of investigation in the city of Makassar and meyebabkan factors of occurrence of theft with violence committed by children in the city Makassar. This research was conducted at the Office Police Resort great city of Makassar. The authors use the method is quantitative research with the aim to test the protection of the rights of children who commit theft with violence in the process of investigation in the city of Makassar and meyebabkan factors of occurrence of theft with violence committed by children in the city of Makassar. The results of this research show that the protective measures of the rights of children who commit theft with violence in the process of investigation in the city of Makassar has not been done completely well. Adapaun the factors that cause the occurrence of theft with violence in the city of Makassar was a factor in the lack of attention of parents, economic factors, environmental factors and social factors of low education.
ANALISIS HUKUM TENTANG PENYANGKALAN TERDAKWA DI TINGKAT PERSIDANGAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM HUKUM PEMBUKTIAN
Authors: Idris Idris , Renggong Ruslan , Siku Abdul Salam
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis boleh-tidaknya terdakwa menyangkali keterangannya dalam persidangan. Dan untuk menganalisisnya bagaimana implikasi yuridis dari Penyangkalan terdakwa dalam hukum pembuktian, dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif emperis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan normatif emperis. Di dalam penelitian hukum ini, penulis melakukan penelitian dengan mencari perkara-perkara pidana yang berkenaan dengan adanya penyangkalan keterangan terdakwa ditingkat persidangan Pengadilan (dalam hal ini di Pengadilan Negeri Makassar),  kemudian menganalisa tentang sejauh manakah suatu peraturan atau perundang - undangan atau hukum yang sedang berlaku secara efektif mengenai penyangkalan keterangan terdakwa ditingkat persidangan dan implikasinya dalam pembuktian Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penyangkalan terdakwa dalam persidangan boleh dilakukan oleh terdakwa, dengan syarat pencabutan dilakukan selama pemeriksaan persidangan pengadilan berlangsung dan harus disertai dengan alasan yang mendasar dan logis. Alasan yang mendasar dan logis tersebut mengandung arti bahwa alasan yang menjadi dasar pencabutan tersebut harus dapat dibuktikan kebenarannya dan diperkuat atau didukung oleh bukti-bukti lain yang menunjukkan bahwa alasan pencabutan tersebut benar dan dapat dibuktikan oleh hakim.
The study aims to analyze whether or not the defendant denying his statements in the trial. Also, it aims to analyze how the juridical implications of the denial of the defendant in the evidentaiary law with a reasearch method used is a normative emprical approach. The results showed that the defendant’s denial in the trial may be conducted by the defendant, on the conditon of revocation conducted during court procedings and hearings must be accompanied by basic and logical reasons. The fundamental and logical reasons mean that the reasons are the basis for revocation must be proven true and strengthened or suuported by other evidence that shows that the reason for the revocation is true and can be proven by the judge.
EFEKTIVITAS PERAN PEMBIMBING KEMASYARAKATAN DALAM PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE TERHADAP ANAK PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PADA BALAI PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS I MAKASSAR
Authors: Harliyanti Harliyanti , Renggong Ruslan , Haris Abd. Hamid
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas peran Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan dalam pelaksanaan restorative justice terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menghambat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Balai Pemasyarakatan Klas I Makassar, dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa penelitian kepustakaan dan studi lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran pembimbing kemasyarakatan dalam penerapan restorative justice, terhadap pendampingan, pembimbingan, Pengawasan  anak pelaku tindak pidana belum efektif,  disebabkan masih terdapat kendala sehingga  perlu  dilakukan  peningkatan kualitas dalam penerapan restorative justice. Faktor-faktor yang menghambat peran pembimbing kemasyarakatan dalam penerapan restorative justice adalah kurangnya sumber daya manusia pembimbing kemasyarakatan, jangkauan wilayah kerja Bapas, kurangnya sarana dan prasarana, dukungan masyarakat dalam penerapan Restorative Justice, kurangnya partisipasi  korban, orang tua dan pelaku, dan lambatnya koordinasi antar lembaga yang menangani masalah anak pelaku tindak pidana.
This study aims to determine the role of Parole and Probation Officers in the implementation of restorative justice against children who are dealing with the law and to determine the factors that inhibit the role of social counselors in the implementation of restorative justice against children who commit criminal acts at Bapas Kelas I Makassar. This research was conducted at the Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Makassar, by using data collection techniques in the form of literature research and field studies by conducting direct interviews with relevant parties. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The role of Parole and Probation Officers is very important in the implementation of restorative justice, providing assistance, guidance, supervision as well as conducting research and reporting through (LITMAS) to have a significant influence on children who are dealing with the law and the victims in implementing restorative justice. (2) Coordination between institutions that deal with the problem of children in conflict with the law, limited number of Parole and Probation Officers, incompatible tasks performed with what should be done, lack of understanding from the perpetrators and victims regarding restorative justice manifested in the form of diversion, and determination of agreements on compensation victims who can be accepted by children who are dealing with the law.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGAWASAN TERHADAP NARAPIDANA YANG MENDAPATKAN PEMBEBASAN BERSYARAT DARI BALAI PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS I MAKASSAR
Authors: Immawati Andi , Renggong Ruslan , Siku Abdul Salam
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui mekanisme pengawasan terhadap pembebasan bersyarat yang dilaksanakan oleh BAPAS serta mengetahui kendala seperti apa yang dihadapi Bapas saat melakukan pengawasan terhadap pembebasan bersyarat. Fokus Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Makassar pada Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas 1 Makassar. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif empiris. Maksudnya pendekatan yang dilakukan untuk menganalisa tentang efektivitas pengawasan terhadap narapidana yang memperoleh pembebasan bersyarat oleh Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Makassar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mereka yang bertugas dalam mengurus pemberian hak narapidana mendapatkan pembebasan bersyarat sudah berupaya semaksimal mungkin bahkan mengusulkan sebanyak-banyak narapidana untuk mendapatkan hak pembebasan bersyarat namun hal yang terjadi adalah tidak semua narapidana yang diusulkan dapat pula terealisasi semuanya, hal ini karena ulah si narapidana sendirilah yang menghambat proses pelaksanaan pemberian hak narapidana untuk mendapatkan pembebasan bersyarat.
This study aims to determine the mechanism of parole supervision conducted by BAPAS (Penitentary) as well as to find out what are the obstacles faced by Bapas in conducting parole supervision. This research was conducted in Makassar City at Penitentiary Class I Makassar. The method used by the author is an empirical normative approach. That is the approach taken to analyze the effectiveness of supervision of prisoners who receive parole by Penitentiary Class I Makassar. The results of this study indicate that those who are in charge of administering prisoners' rights to get parole have tried their best to even propose as many prisoners as possible to get parole rights, but what happens is that not all proposed prisoners can all be realized. This is because of the act of the prisoners themselves who obstruct the process of giving prisoners the right to obtain parole.
Optimization Potential of Sentani Lake to Increase the Household Income and District Own Source Revenue of Jayapura District
Authors: - Jufri , Tantu Andi Gusti , Salam Suryawati
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to analyze the capacity of assimilation of water quality parameters in the Lake Sentani and identify appropriate management model in the carrying capacity of Lake Sentani. The analysis showed that a key element in the management of Lake Sentani initiated by law enforcement, Coordination area, Strengthening relationships between stakeholders, compromise the level of need and Development OBM, elements other needs are also a key element in the management of Lake Sentani is Equation vision, mission and goals against environmental improvement, and Spatial Planning, the decline in the fraction of the population increases have also impacted on the decrease in the amount of waste that KJA waste, waste of pigs, cattle waste, waste of human feces, the amount of waste, and decrease erosion effect on residential and agricultural erosion. From the results of this study concluded that, for the parameter TDS assimilation capacity of 12184.94 tons / month, BOD of 11.31973 ton / month, COD is 122.4184 tons / month, PO4 of 1.401685 tons / month, NO3 by 185,2202729 tons / month, Fe at 0.226383192 ton / month, Cl amounted 15286.18799 ton / month, SO4 amounted to 1276.118 tons / month, Zn amounted to 0.169118 tons / month, Cu of -0.06125 ton / month, Cr at 0.769953052 ton / month, and NH3 at 8.620493359 ton / month. Parameter Cu, PO4, Zn and Fe is above the value of assimilation capacity, this shows the carrying capacity of Lake Sentani have declined. Policy measures total reduction of pollutant sources is through setting migration of people coming to live in the vicinity of Jayapura and Sentani Lake, approaches to sources, law enforcement, and agricultural intensification.
Post Dural Puncture Headache Following
Intrathecal Drug Delivery System Placement
Authors: Neuman Dr. Stephanie A.
Published: February 2021

Background: Placement of an intrathecal drug delivery system (IDDS) may provide
substantial benefit to certain patients. However, placement of these devices is not without
complications, and minimal data exist describing the rates of these complications. Specifically,
there is a paucity of data describing the incidence of post dural puncture headache (PDPH)
following IDDS placement.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the incidence and treatment course of
PDPH following placement of an IDDS in a retrospective review.
Study Design: Retrospective assessment of medical records.
Setting: Department of Pain Medicine and Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Methods: Following IRB approval, 319 IDDS surgical reports in 285 patients were identified
retrospectively over a 20 year study time period. We report demographic information, number
of dural punctures, techniques for sealing dural leak, details, and treatment course of PDPH
in this population.
Results: Symptoms of PDPH were recognized in 73 individual cases (23% of total procedural
volume). Younger patient age was the only statistically significant characteristic in predicting
development of a PDPH. There were no statistically significant differences found in regards
to other risk factors for PDPH development or treatment strategy employed. Seventy-nine
percent of PDPH patients were successfully managed with conservative non-interventional
therapies (bedrest, IV fluids, analgesics, antiemetics), while 21% required progression to
epidural blood or fibrin glue patch procedures for full resolution of symptoms.
Limitations: Limitations include the retrospective design of the study as well as the potential
for undocumented or improperly documented surgical techniques and/or events.
Conclusion: Though the development of PDPH after IDDS implantation was found to be
fairly common (23% incidence), the majority of these patients had self-limited symptoms
that resolved with conservative medical management. Epidural blood patch or application of
epidural fibrin glue was therapeutically successful for the remainder of PDPH patients who
were refractory to conservative measures.
Key words: Pain, intrathecal drug delivery system, pain pump, morphine, baclofen,
postdural puncture headache, spinal headache
The Influence of Pain Sensitivity on the
Symptom Severity in Patients with Lumbar
Spinal Stenosis
Authors: JYeom Jin S.
Published: February 2021

Background: The symptom severity of back pain/leg pain is not correlated with the severity
of degenerative changes and canal stenosis in lumbar stenosis. Considering the individual
pain sensitivity might play an important role in pain perception, this discordance between the
radiologic findings and clinical symptoms in degenerative lumbar stenosis might originate from
the individual difference of pain sensitivity for back pain and/or leg pain.
Objective: To determine the relationship among the clinical symptoms, radiologic findings,
and the individual pain sensitivity in the patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.
Study Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.
Setting: A spine center in the department of orthopedic surgery.
Methods: In 94 patients who had chronic back pain and/or leg pain caused by degenerative
lumbar spinal stenosis, a medical history, a physical examination, and completion of a series
of questionnaires, including pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ) [total PSQ and PSQ-minor],
Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) for back pain, and Short Form36 (SF-36) were recorded on the first visit. Radiologic analysis was performed using the MRI
findings. The grading of canal stenosis was based on the method by Schizas, and the degree of
disc degeneration was graded from T2-weighted images with the Pfirrmann classification. The
correlations among variables were statistically analyzed.
Results: Total PSQ and PSQ-minor were not dependent on the grade of canal stenosis after
gender adjustment. VAS for leg pain and back pain was highly associated with the total PSQ and
the PSQ-minor. Total PSQ and PSQ-minor were also significantly associated with ODI. Among SF36 scales, the PSQ minor had significant correlations with SF-36 such as bodily pain (BP), Roleemotional (RE), and Mental Component Summary (MCS) after control of confounding variables
such as body mass index (BMI), age, and the grade of canal stenosis/disc degeneration. Total
PSQ was significantly associated with the SF-36 RP, BP, and RE. Furthermore, after adjustment
for gender and pain sensitivity, there was no significant association between the grade of canal
stenosis and VAS for back pain/leg pain and ODI, and no correlation was found between the
grade of disc degeneration and VAS for back pain/leg pain and ODI, either.
Limitations: The multiple lesions of canal stenosis and/or disc degeneration and the grade of
facet degeneration were not considered as a variable.
Conclusion: The current study suggests that the pain sensitivity could be a determining factor
for symptom severity in the degenerative spinal disease.
Key words: Pain sensitivity, pain sensitivity questionnaire, lumbar spinal stenosis, visual analog
pain scale, Oswestry disability index, Short Form-36
Role of Lumbosacral Retrograde Neuromodulation
in the Treatment of Painful Disorders
Authors: Andres Dr. Jose De
Published: February 2021

Background: Neuromodulation is an effective and reversible treatment option for
chronic intractable pain. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) represents a field of application of
neuromodulation and is known to be effective for several conditions including complex
regional pain syndrome (CRPS), failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), and chronic leg and
back pain. SCS has some technical limitations that can be bypassed through retrograde
neuromodulation.
Objective: To examine the safety and efficacy of retrograde neuromodulation in
consecutive patients with neuropathic pain in the perineum or lower limb.
Study Design: Prospective chart review analyzing one year of retrograde stimulation
in our department.
Methods: We present a series of 10 patients who underwent retrograde
neuromodulation at the University General Hospital of Valencia (Spain). We analyzed
the variables that can improve the outcome and help physicians choose retrograde
neuromodulation.
Results: Seven of 10 patients had an effective treatment and 3 patients had an
ineffective stimulation. In the group with the effective treatment the most represented
type of pain was radiculopathy and perineal pain.
Limitations: This is a prospective, single-center study with a relatively small number
of patients and no control group.
Conclusion: Retrograde neuromodulation seems to be effective in patients that
present with a well localized pain with a clear dermatome distribution. We found
retrograde neuromodulation to be effective in radiculopathy related to FBSS. We found
it to be limited in the treatment of perineal pain probably due to technical limitations
and anatomical reasons besides the lack of knowledge of the etiology of this pain model
and the exact mechanisms of action of neuromodulation.
Key words: Chronic pain, sp
Pharmacovigilance: A Review of Opioid-Induced
Respiratory Depression in Chronic Pain Patients
Authors: Dahan Albert
Published: February 2021

Background: Opioids may induce life-threatening respiratory depression, but limited
knowledge is available on factors that contribute to opioid-induced respiratory depression
(OIRD). This is especially true for patients with chronic pain on prolonged opioid therapy.
There are no good quality case control studies or randomized controlled trials available on this
topic. Here we present and analyze all case series since 1980 on OIRD in chronic pain patients
extracted from PubMed.
Objective: To describe and understand clinically identified factors involved in life-threatening
OIRD in patients receiving opioids for chronic pain relief.
Study Design: A literature search was performed for all relevant case reports on OIRD in
chronic pain.
Methods: We searched PubMed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) for all available case reports/series
on OIRD in adolescent (12 years and older) and adult patients treated with opioids for chronic
pain, from which we identified specific commonalities that contributed to OIRD (akin to closed
claims analyses). The dataset was post-hoc divided into 2 distinct categories: cases published
from 1980 to 1999 and those from 2000 to 2012.
Results: Thirty-four reports describing 42 chronic pain patients experiencing OIRD were
retrieved. Cases published before the year 2000 (pre-2000) predominantly involved morphine
in cancer patients, whereas cases since 2000 (post-2000) predominantly involved methadone
or transdermal fentanyl in non-cancer pain patients. Specific factors that contributed to OIRD
were elevated opioid plasma levels due to renal impairment and sensory deafferentiation in
pre-2000 cases, and elevated plasma levels due to drug interactions on the cytochrome P450
in post-2000 cases.
Limitations: The case series analysis of published case reports imposes limitations in terms of
the types of cases presented (only severe cases are published or cases with specific precipitating
factors), the journal-related publication strategy, and changes in clinical practice.
Conclusions: Our case review confirms that life-threatening OIRD in chronic pain patients
involves a series of complex often-interacting factors. In spite of the factors identified in this
cases series, OIRD remains unpredictable and safe opioid prescribing requires careful titration
of opioid dosages and continuous monitoring to prevent life-threatening OIRD.
Key words: Opioids, opioid-induced respiratory depression, toxicity, pain, chronic pain, case
series
The Effects of Pressure on Arthritic Knees in a
Rat Model of CFA-Induced Arthritis
Authors: Lee Chang-Hyung
Published: February 2021

Background: Pain is influenced by weather changes under certain circumstances, and
inflammatory pain in animal models is ameliorated by pressure, but the underlying mechanism
of atmospheric pressure has not been clearly elucidated.
Objective: To examine the effect of pressure on pain in an arthritic animal model.
Study Design: Controlled animal study.
Setting: Laboratory animal study.
Methods: Following an injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into one side of a
knee joint, 32 rats were assigned randomly to 2 groups and either placed under 1 or 2.5
atmospheres absolute (ATA) in a hyperbaric chamber for 5 hours. The pain levels were assessed
daily for up to 2 weeks post-injection to determine the changes in weight bearing (WB) of
the affected limbs. In addition, the levels of gelatinase, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression in the
synovial fluids of the knees were analyzed.
Results: After arthritis induction, the rats in the 1 ATA group showed reduced WB of the
affected limbs (< 10% of normal limbs). This reduction in WB peaked at 2 days after the
injection and then decreased spontaneously. Nevertheless, the pain behavior lasted for more
than 2 weeks. In the 2.5 ATA group, the WB was significantly better during the experiment.
The MMP-9/MMP-2 ratio increased at 7 and 14 days after the CFA injection in the 1 ATA group.
However, repetitive exposure to 2.5 ATA significantly reduced this ratio in the 2.5 ATA group.
Limitations: Although a sufficient number of samples were used to support the hypothesis
that high atmospheric pressure improves a painful condition in this study, an additional largerscale study will be needed to confirm these findings.
Conclusion: Exposure to elevated pressures appears to relieve arthritic pain for extended
periods by reducing the inflammatory process and should be considered as a possible
alternative pain-reducing therapy.
Key words: Pressure effect, arthritic knee, arthritic pain, long-term effect of pressure,
biophysiologic assessment, pain behavior assessment, arthritis treatment
Tonabersat for Migraine Prophylaxis:
A Systematic Review
Authors: Zheng Ou Jin
Published: February 2021

Background: Randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy and tolerability of tonabersat
compared with placebo as prophylaxis for migraine were systematically reviewed in this study. By
analyzing all available data, we aimed to establish an overall estimate of any association in order to
more accurately inform clinicians and care-givers about how to prevent migraines.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of tonabersat when it is used for migraine
prevention.
Study Design: Systematic review of tonabersat for migraine prophylaxis.
Methods: Computerized database search of The Cochrane Pain, Palliative & Supportive Care
Trials Register, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library),
Pubmed, and EMBASE for randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials on tonabersat for
migraine until January, 2013. We also searched the ongoing trials. We did not impose any language
restrictions.
The quality assessment and clinical relevance criteria utilized were the Cochrane Pain, Palliative &
Supportive Care review group criteria as utilized for randomized trials.
Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was the change in mean number of migraine
headache days. The secondary outcome measures were change in attacks, responder rates, the
reduction of the consumption of rescue medication, and adverse events.
Results: For this systematic review, 133 studies were identified. Of these, 131 studies were
excluded, and a total of 2 studies (after removal of duplicate publications) met inclusion criteria for
methodological quality assessment with the randomized trial study. The evidence for tonabersat
for migration prophylaxis failed to demonstrate a reduction when compared to placebo because
of a lack of evidence. But the good tolerability supports further exploration of tonabersat in the
prevention of migraine attacks.
Limitations: The limitation of this systematic review was a lack of available evidence.
Conclusion: There is fair evidence for migraine prophylaxis, but a lack of available evidence for
tonabersat for migraine prophylaxis. Although tonabersat failed to demonstrate a significantly
greater reduction of migraine headache days than placebo, it was well tolerated. Future work should
further investigate the utility of tonabersat in the preventive management of migraine.
Key words: Systematic review, tonabersat, migraine, prophylaxis