bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Progress of Change: Implementation of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) within Documents of the German Education System
Authors: Holst Jorrit , Brock Antje , Singer-Brodowski Mandy , de Haan Gerhard
Published: May 2020

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) contributes to a holistic transformation of education systems, fostering deeply rooted learning processes required to co-create a sustainable future for all. The independent project National Monitoring on ESD in Germany traces the status and progress of formal ESD implementation via repeated large-scale indicator-based document analysis. Including over 4500 documents from early childhood education, school education, higher education, and vocational education and training, this study shows that the process of ESD implementation gained momentum over the period of the Global Action Programme (2015–2019). At the same time, large discrepancies remain between the areas of education, different types of documents, federal states, and with regard to the depth and quality of the contextualization of ESD and related concepts. While considerable developments are identifiable within all four formal areas of education, strong additional efforts are required for a comprehensive structural implementation of ESD in Germany. Although the results of the study focus on the status and progress of ESD within the German education system, the methodological framework may also serve as groundwork for other independent, comprehensive, and supportive monitoring programs.
A Comprehensive Model to Explain Europeans’ Environmental Behaviors
Authors: Aral Öykü Hazal , López-Sintas Jordi
Published: May 2020

Understanding the nature of consumers’ environmental behaviors will help design better environmental policies for a sustainable future. Drawing on the responsible environmental behavior (REB) theoretical framework, we disentangle the effects of social and psychological environmental factors on Europeans’ behaviors, considering that living contexts vary from country to country. Using data on attitudes to the environment sourced from the 2017 Eurobarometer, we measure the socio-psychological factors and environmental behaviors using exploratory factor analysis. A multilevel model measures the effect of individual-level environmental factors and analyzes the impact of the country context on Europeans’ environmental behaviors. Results show that the three tested environmental behaviors (eco-friendly purchasing, public transport use, and reduced resource consumption) are explained by individual-level environmental factors as well as by country differences, but the effects differ depending on the behavior considered. We also find that the effects of knowledge, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control are mediated by a set of social indicators (age, gender, education, and income). We conclude with a discussion of the implications for policymakers.
Methane Emission Characteristics of Naturally Ventilated Cattle Buildings
Authors: Hempel Sabrina , Willink Diliara , Janke David , Ammon Christian , Amon Barbara , Amon Thomas
Published: May 2020

The mandate to limit global temperature rise calls for a reliable quantification of gaseous pollutant emissions as a basis for effective mitigation. Methane emissions from ruminant fermentation are of particular relevance in the context of greenhouse gas mitigation. The emission dynamics are so far insufficiently understood. We analyzed hourly methane emission data collected during contrasting seasons from two naturally ventilated dairy cattle buildings with concrete floor and performed a second order polynomial regression. We found a parabolic temperature dependence of the methane emissions irrespective of the measurement site and setup. The position of the parabola vertex varied when considering different hours of the day. The circadian rhythm of methane emissions was represented by the pattern of the fitted values of the constant term of the polynomial and could be well explained by feeding management and air flow conditions. We found barn specific emission minima at ambient temperatures around 10 °C to 15 °C. As this identified temperature optimum coincides with the welfare temperature of dairy cows, we concluded that temperature regulation of dairy cow buildings with concrete floor should be considered and further investigated as an emission mitigation measure. Our results further indicated that empirical modeling of methane emissions from the considered type of buildings with a second order polynomial for the independent variable air temperature can increase the accuracy of predicted long-term emission values for regions with pronounced seasonal temperature fluctuations.
Consequences of Climate Change Impacts and Incidences of Extreme Weather Events in Relation to Crop Production in Bhutan
Authors: Chhogyel Ngawang , Kumar Lalit , Bajgai Yadunath
Published: May 2020

Being a country in the Himalayas, Bhutan is highly prone to the vagaries of weather events that affect agricultural production and the subsequent livelihood of the people. To identify the main issues that affect crop production and the decisions of farmers, a survey was conducted in three different agro-ecosystems in Bhutan. Our key findings indicate that farming and the decisions of farmers were largely affected by different climatic and non-climatic factors. These were in descending order of importance: irrigation availability > farm labour > crop seasonality > crop damage (climatic) > land holding > crop damage (wildlife) > crop damage (diseases and pests). The most important consequences of climate change impacts were the drying of irrigation sources (4.35) and crop losses due to weather events (4.10), whereas land fallowing, the occurrence of flood and soil erosion, weed pressure and changes in cropping pattern (with mean ratings of 2.53–3.03) experienced lesser consequences. The extreme weather events, such as untimely rains, drought and windstorms, were rated as the ‘most common’ to ‘common’ occurrences, thus inflicting a crop loss of 1–19%. These confirm our hearsay knowledge that extreme weather events have major consequences on irrigation water, which is said to be either drying or getting smaller in comparison to the past. Therefore, Bhutan must step up its on-ground farmer-support system towards improving the country’s food production, whilst embracing climate smart farm technologies for adapting to the impacts of change.
The Success of Public Health Measures in Europe during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Primc Kaja , Slabe-Erker Renata
Published: May 2020

SARS-CoV-2, a serious threat to sustainable development prospects, is spreading within countries at varying speeds, among other things depending on their population density, behavioural responses, cultural factors, personal hygiene practices and habits. This has led to significant variation in countries’ policy responses aimed at stemming the proliferation of the virus. Using crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis, we conducted a comparative study at the European level to study the performance of different combinations of COVID-19 containment measures along with the response speeds. A set of configurations for two different scenarios (above- and below-median death rates) helps to illustrate how specific containment measures in each examined European country are related to the number of deaths. The main observation arising from the analysis is that the speed of response along with the decision to suspend international flights might determine the epidemic outbreak’s impact on fatality. The results also imply that several different combinations of containment measures are associated with death rates across Europe. The outcome of this analysis can assist in identifying which set of containment measures in the event of an epidemic outbreak is beneficial/detrimental.
Towards a Pro-Silience Framework: A Literature Review on Quantitative Modelling of Resilient 3PL Supply Chain Network Designs
Authors: Gkanatsas Evangelos , Krikke Harold
Published: May 2020

The increasingly dynamic and volatile market environment has elevated the importance of handling operational risks in supply chain networks. Also, black swan risks are constantly evolving and can strike from almost anywhere, including natural disaster, cyber risk, or viruses. As more companies are outsourcing their logistics to third-party logistics (3PL), at the same time, supply chain risks and uncertainties are also shifted to 3PLs. A 3PL’s supply chain network capability to assure continuity can be expressed in terms of resilience, i.e., the ability of sensing and responding to disturbances or threats. Operations research/management science (OR/MS) methods have been widely applied in supply chain management. The objective of this paper is to look into research regarding the development of resilient 3PL supply chain network designs through the utilization of OR/MS methods. After extensive literature review, a so called pro-silience framework is developed aiming at improving resilience from a 3PL perspective maintaining or increasing its competitive advantage during and after major disruptions, yet also maintain competitiveness under normal operating conditions. Additionally, the framework offers insights into topics for future research.
Indicators of Low-Carbon Management in the Leisure Industry: Research Using Examples in Taiwan and China
Authors: Shih Hsin-Yu , Yao Ying-Sheng
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to establish indicators of low-carbon management in the leisure industries in Taiwan and China to meet the demands of saving energy, reducing carbon emissions and slowing global warming. The Pushin Ranch in Taiwan and Lishan Farm in China were targeted as examples. Quantitative indicators were identified through interviews and questionnaire surveys with experts from the industrial, governmental and academic sectors, as well as data integration and statistical analysis using the Delphi method and a paired-samples t test. On the basis of 11 major sustainable tourism indicators proposed by the United Nations World Tourism Organization and the relevant literature, three dimensions were selected for investigation, namely organizational management and operation, ecotourism and social collaboration, along with five operational indicators and 42 assessment indicators. After the expert questionnaire and t test, a set of selection criteria was constructed based on the approval of more than 80% of the experts; 36 indicators were retained for Taiwan (Pushin Ranch met 17) and 29 were retained for China (Lishan Farm met 13). This allows industrial, governmental and academic units to establish management models and assessment indicators for the leisure industry to meet the demands of energy conservation and carbon reduction.
Varying Effects of Urban Tree Canopies on Residential Property Values across Neighborhoods
Authors: Seo Youngme
Published: May 2020

As more land area than ever is covered with impermeable surfaces causing problems in the environment, urban trees are effective not only in mitigating environmental problems in the built environment and reducing buildings’ energy use, but also in increasing social and economic benefits. However, the benefits urban trees provide are not evenly distributed but rather disproportionately distributed in high-income neighborhoods. The purpose of this study is to estimate the varying effects of urban trees based on a variety of factors that have influence on tree canopy coverage, including land constraints, new developments, financial capacity to maintain trees, and neighborhood characteristics. Using a unique dataset that includes 24,203 single-family residential sales from 2007 to 2015 merged with Urban Tree Canopy (UTC), this study utilizes spatial models to empirically evaluate the impact of UTC on residential property values in the housing market. Multi-Level Mixed (MLM) models are used to capture the varying effects of tree cover, based on land constraints, new development, financial capacity, and neighborhood characteristics. The findings show the effect of trees is positive and varies across neighborhoods, and implication of the results to best achieve specific desired outcomes in tree-related policies and urban development are apparent.
Hierarchical Cubical Tensor Decomposition through Low Complexity Orthogonal Transforms
Authors: Kountchev Roumen K. , Mironov Rumen P. , Kountcheva Roumiana A.
Published: May 2020

In this work, new approaches are proposed for the 3D decomposition of a cubical tensor of size N × N × N for N = 2n through hierarchical deterministic orthogonal transforms with low computational complexity, whose kernels are based on the Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT) and the Complex Hadamard Transform (CHT). On the basis of the symmetrical properties of the real and complex Walsh-Hadamard matrices are developed fast computational algorithms whose computational complexity is compared with that of the famous deterministic transforms: the 3D Fast Fourier Transform, the 3D Discrete Wavelet Transform and the statistical Hierarchical Tucker decomposition. The comparison results show the lower computational complexity of the offered algorithms. Additionally, they ensure the high energy concentration of the original tensor into a small number of coefficients of the so calculated transformed spectrum tensor. The main advantage of the proposed algorithms is the reduction of the needed calculations due to the low number of hierarchical levels compared to the significant number of iterations needed to achieve the required decomposition accuracy based on the statistical methods. The choice of the 3D hierarchical decomposition is defined by the requirements and limitations related to the corresponding application area.
Synergies of Text Mining and Multiple Attribute Decision Making: A Criteria Selection and Weighting System in a Prospective MADM Outline
Authors: Hashemkhani Zolfani Sarfaraz , Derakhti Arman
Published: May 2020

In this study, a new way of criteria selection and a weighting system will be presented in a multi-disciplinary framework. Weighting criteria in Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) has been developing as the most attractive section in the field. Although many ideas have been developed during the last decades, there is no such great diversity that can be mentioned in the literature. This study is looking from outside the box and is presenting something totally new by using big data and text mining in a Prospective MADM outline. PMADM is a hybrid interconnected concept between the Futures Studies and MADM fields. Text mining, which is known as a useful tool in Futures Studies, is applied to create a widespread pilot system for weighting and criteria selection in the PMADM outline. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), as an influential method inside the general concept of text mining, is applied to show how a data warehouse’s output, which in this case is Scopus, can reach the final criteria selection and weighting of the criteria.
Molecular Biology of Escherichia coli Shiga Toxins’ Effects on Mammalian Cells
Authors: Menge Christian
Published: May 2020

Shiga toxins (Stxs), syn. Vero(cyto)toxins, are potent bacterial exotoxins and the principal virulence factor of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), a subset of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). EHEC strains, e.g., strains of serovars O157:H7 and O104:H4, may cause individual cases as well as large outbreaks of life-threatening diseases in humans. Stxs primarily exert a ribotoxic activity in the eukaryotic target cells of the mammalian host resulting in rapid protein synthesis inhibition and cell death. Damage of endothelial cells in the kidneys and the central nervous system by Stxs is central in the pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans and edema disease in pigs. Probably even more important, the toxins also are capable of modulating a plethora of essential cellular functions, which eventually disturb intercellular communication. The review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of the time course and the consecutive steps of Stx/cell interactions at the molecular level. Intervention measures deduced from an in-depth understanding of this molecular interplay may foster our basic understanding of cellular biology and microbial pathogenesis and pave the way to the creation of host-directed active compounds to mitigate the pathological conditions of STEC infections in the mammalian body.
Antiviral Effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Type I Interferon on In Vitro Fatal Feline Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Takano Tomomi , Satoh Kumi , Doki Tomoyoshi , Tanabe Taishi , Hohdatsu Tsutomu
Published: May 2020

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a viral disease with a high morbidity and mortality by the FIP virus (FIPV, virulent feline coronavirus). Several antiviral drugs for FIP have been identified, but many of these are expensive and not available in veterinary medicine. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a drug approved by several countries to treat malaria and immune-mediated diseases in humans, and its antiviral effects on other viral infections (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, dengue virus) have been confirmed. We investigated whether HCQ in association with interferon-ω (IFN-ω) is effective for FIPV in vitro. A total of 100 μM of HCQ significantly inhibited the replication of types I and II FIPV. Interestingly, the combination of 100 μM of HCQ and 104 U/mL of recombinant feline IFN-ω (rfIFN-ω, veterinary registered drug) increased its antiviral activity against type I FIPV infection. Our study suggested that HCQ and rfIFN-ω are applicable for treatment of FIP. Further clinical studies are needed to verify the combination of HCQ and rIFN-ω will be effective and safe treatment for cats with FIP.
Comparative Genomics Unveils Regionalized Evolution of the Faustovirus Genomes
Authors: Geballa-Koukoulas Khalil , Boudjemaa Hadjer , Andreani Julien , La Scola Bernard , Blanc Guillaume
Published: May 2020

Faustovirus is a recently discovered genus of large DNA virus infecting the amoeba Vermamoeba vermiformis, which is phylogenetically related to Asfarviridae. To better understand the diversity and evolution of this viral group, we sequenced six novel Faustovirus strains, mined published metagenomic datasets and performed a comparative genomic analysis. Genomic sequences revealed three consistent phylogenetic groups, within which genetic diversity was moderate. The comparison of the major capsid protein (MCP) genes unveiled between 13 and 18 type-I introns that likely evolved through a still-active birth and death process mediated by intron-encoded homing endonucleases that began before the Faustovirus radiation. Genome-wide alignments indicated that despite genomes retaining high levels of gene collinearity, the central region containing the MCP gene together with the extremities of the chromosomes evolved at a faster rate due to increased indel accumulation and local rearrangements. The fluctuation of the nucleotide composition along the Faustovirus (FV) genomes is mostly imprinted by the consistent nucleotide bias of coding sequences and provided no evidence for a single DNA replication origin like in circular bacterial genomes.
Isolation of a Chinook Salmon Bafinivirus (CSBV) in Imported Goldfish Carassius auratus L. in the United Kingdom and Evaluation of Its Virulence in Resident Fish Species
Authors: Cano Irene , Stone David , Savage Jacqueline , Wood Gareth , Mulhearn Brian , Gray Joshua , Stinton Nick , Ross Stuart , Bonar Michaela , Taylor Nick G. H. , Bateman Kelly S. , Feist Stephen W.
Published: May 2020

This is the first record of a fish nidovirus isolated from a consignment of goldfish at the United Kingdom (UK) border. The full-length viral genome was 25,985 nt, sharing a 97.9% nucleotide identity with the Chinook salmon bafinivirus (CSBV) NIDO with two deletions of 537 and 480 nt on the ORF Ia protein. To assess the potential impact on UK fish species, Atlantic salmon, common carp and goldfish were exposed to the virus via an intraperitoneal (IP) injection and bath challenge. Moribundity was recorded in only 8% of IP-injected goldfish. A high viral load, ≈107 of the CSBV PpIa gene, was measured in the kidney of moribund goldfish. Mild histopathological changes were observed in the kidneys of challenged carps. Ultrastructural observations in renal tubule epithelial cells of goldfish showed cylindrical tubes (≈15 nm in diameter) and tubular structures budding spherical virions (≈200 nm in diameter) with external spike-like structures. Negative staining showed both circular and bacilliform virions. Seroconversion was measured in common carp and goldfish but not in Atlantic salmon. This study reinforces the potential risk of novel and emerging pathogens being introduced to recipient countries via the international ornamental fish trade and the importance of regular full health screens at the border inspection posts to reduce this risk.
Safety Surveillance of Pneumococcal Vaccine Using Three Algorithms: Disproportionality Methods, Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean, and Tree-Based Scan Statistic
Authors: Lee Hyesung , Kim Ju Hwan , Choe Young June , Shin Ju-Young
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Diverse algorithms for signal detection exist. However, inconsistent results are often encountered among the algorithms due to different levels of specificity used in defining the adverse events (AEs) and signal threshold. We aimed to explore potential safety signals for two pneumococcal vaccines in a spontaneous reporting database and compare the results and performances among the algorithms. Methods: Safety surveillance was conducted using the Korea national spontaneous reporting database from 1988 to 2017. Safety signals for pneumococcal vaccine and its subtypes were detected using the following the algorithms: disproportionality methods comprising of proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), and information component (IC); empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM); and tree-based scan statistics (TSS). Moreover, the performances of these algorithms were measured by comparing detected signals with the known AEs or pneumococcal vaccines (reference standard). Results: Among 10,380 vaccine-related AEs, 1135 reports and 101 AE terms were reported following pneumococcal vaccine. IC generated the most safety signals for pneumococcal vaccine (40/101), followed by PRR and ROR (19/101 each), TSS (15/101), and EBGM (1/101). Similar results were observed for its subtypes. Cellulitis was the only AE detected by all algorithms for pneumococcal vaccine. TSS showed the best balance in the performance: the highest in accuracy, negative predictive value, and area under the curve (70.3%, 67.4%, and 64.2%). Conclusion: Discrepancy in the number of detected signals was observed between algorithms. EBGM and TSS calibrated noise better than disproportionality methods, and TSS showed balanced performance. Nonetheless, these results should be interpreted with caution due to a lack of a gold standard for signal detection.
Hydroclimatic Variability at Local, Regional and Global Scales
Authors: Curtis Scott
Published: May 2020

Hydroclimate is non-stationary and varies in often unpredictable ways on local, regional and global scales, which can lead to water insecurity. This editorial relates the advances and challenges in our understanding of the spatio-temporal relationship between climate variability and change and the components of the hydrologic cycle through the lens of six articles, which contributed to the Water Special Issue: Hydroclimatic Variability at Local, Regional and Global Scales. The relationship between the El Niño/Southern Oscillation and precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration is examined within the Indian Summer monsoon, gauge-based precipitation datasets are intercompared over Pakistan, trends in precipitation, temperature, and streamflow are investigated in Ethiopia and China, alternate configurations of hydroclimate modeling are assessed over Canada, and finally, future limitations in groundwater supply are presented for Italy.
Study on the Performance Improvement of Axial Flow Pump’s Saddle Zone by Using a Double Inlet Nozzle
Authors: Cao Weidong , Li Wei
Published: May 2020

The operating range of axial flow pumps is often constrained by the onset of rotating stall. An improved method using a double inlet nozzle to stabilize the performance curve is presented in the current study; a single inlet nozzle and three kinds of double inlet nozzle with different rib gap widths at the inlet of axial flow pump impeller were designed. Three dimensional (3D) incompressible flow fields were simulated, and the distributions of turbulence kinetic energy and velocity at different flow rates located at the inlet section, as well as the pressure and streamline in the impeller, were obtained at the same time. The single inlet nozzle scheme and a double inlet nozzle scheme were studied; the experimental and numerical performance results show that although the cross section is partly blocked in the double inlet nozzle, the head and efficiency do not decline at stable operation flow rate. On small flow rate condition, the double inlet nozzle scheme effectively stabilized the head-flow performance, whereby the block induced by the backflow before the impeller was markedly improved by using a double inlet nozzle. It has also been found that the rib gap width impacts the efficiency curve of the axial flow pump.
Uptake of Sulfate from Ambient Water by Freshwater Animals
Authors: Griffith Michael B. , Lazorchak James M. , Haring Herman
Published: May 2020

To better understand how the sulfate (SO42−) anion may contribute to the adverse effects associated with elevated ionic strength or salinity in freshwaters, we measured the uptake and efflux of SO42− in four freshwater species: the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas, Teleostei: Cyprinidae), paper pondshell (Utterbackia imbecillis, Bivalvia: Unionidae), red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Crustacea: Cambaridae), and two-lined mayfly (Hexagenia bilineata, Insecta: Ephemeridae). Using δ(34S/32S) stable isotope ratios and the concentrations of S and SO42−, we measured the SO42− influx rate (Jin), net flux (Jnet), and efflux rate (Jout) during a 24 h exposure period. For all four species, the means of Jin for SO42− were positive, and Jin was significantly greater than 0 at both target SO42− concentrations in the fish and mollusk and at the lower SO42− concentration in the crayfish. The means of Jout and Jnet were much more variable than those for Jin, but several species by target SO42− concentration combinations for Jout and Jnet, were negative, which suggests the net excretion of SO42− by the animals. The results of our experiments suggest a greater regulation of SO42− in freshwater animals than has been previously reported.
The First Video Witness of Coastal Boulder Displacements Recorded during the Impact of Medicane “Zorbas” on Southeastern Sicily
Authors: Scicchitano Giovanni , Scardino Giovanni , Tarascio Sebastiano , Monaco Carmelo , Barracane Giovanni , Locuratolo Giuseppe , Milella Maurilio , Piscitelli Arcangelo , Mazza Gianfranco , Mastronuzzi Giuseppe
Published: May 2020

Over the last few years, several authors have presented contrasting models to describe the response of boulders to extreme waves, but the absence of direct observation of movements has hindered the evaluation of these models. The recent development of online video-sharing platforms in coastal settings has provided the opportunity to monitor the evolution of rocky coastlines during storm events. In September 2018, a surveillance camera of the Marine Protected Area of Plemmirio recorded the movement of several boulders along the coast of Maddalena Peninsula (Siracusa, Southeastern Sicily) during the landfall of the Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone (Medicane) Zorbas. Unmanned autonomous vehicle (UAV) photogrammetric and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) surveys were performed to reconstruct immersive virtual scenarios to geometrically analyze the boulder displacements recorded in the video. Analyses highlighted that the displacements occurred when the boulders were submerged as a result of the impact of multiple small waves rather than due to a single large wave. Comparison between flow velocities obtained by videos and calculated through relationships showed a strong overestimation of the models, suggesting that values of flow density and lift coefficient used in literature are underestimated.
Spatiotemporal Water Yield Variations and Influencing Factors in the Lhasa River Basin, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lu Huiting , Yan Yan , Zhu Jieyuan , Jin Tiantian , Liu Guohua , Wu Gang , Stringer Lindsay C. , Dallimer Martin
Published: May 2020

Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of water yield and its influencing factors is important for water resources management. In this study, we used the seasonal water yield model (SWYM) to assess the spatiotemporal water yield changes of the Lhasa River Basin from 1990 to 2015, and analyzed its influencing factors by focusing on precipitation, land cover, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) change. We first examined the model through Morris screening sensitivity analysis and validated it with the observed flow data. Spatiotemporal variation of three indices of water yield, baseflow, quick flow, and local recharge were then assessed. Results showed that from 1990 to 2015, the baseflow, local recharge, and quick flow decreased by 67.03%, 80.21%, and 37.03%, respectively. The spatial pattern of water yield remained mostly unchanged. According to the contribution analysis, precipitation and NDVI change were the main factors affecting water yield in the Lhasa River Basin, while land cover change began to exert greater influence after 2010. A combination of climate change and human activities therefore drive water yield change, especially through vegetation change. Water resources management strategies should thus take into account the combination of rapidly changing climate and human activities.
Optimized Pumping Strategy for Reducing the Spatial Extent of Saltwater Intrusion along the Coast of Wadi Ham, UAE
Authors: Sowe Modou A. , Sathish Sadhasivam , Greggio Nicolas , Mohamed Mohamed M.
Published: May 2020

Many coastal aquifers are facing severe anthropogenic impacts such as urbanization, industrialization and agricultural activities are resulting in a saltwater intrusion. This establishes the need for a sustainable groundwater management strategy aimed to overcome the situation. Pumping of brackish/saline water to mitigate saltwater intrusion is a major potential approach to effectively control saltwater intrusion. However, this method has many challenges including selection of appropriate discharge rates under an optimum number of pumping wells and at specified wells distance from the shoreline. Hence, this study developed a Finite Element Flow and solute transport model (FEFLOW) to simulate three scenarios to assess the most appropriate pumping rates, number of wells and optimum well locations from the shoreline. These parameters were assessed and evaluated with respect to the change in groundwater saline concentration at different distance from the coastline. The 15,000 mg L−1 isosalinity contour line was used as a linear threshold to assess the progression of saltwater intrusion along three major locations in the aquifer. Scenario One was simulated with a constant number of wells and rate of pumping. Shifting of pumping wells to several distances from the shoreline was conducted. Scenario Two assessed the most appropriate number of pumping wells under constant pumping rates and distances from the shoreline and in scenario 3, the optimum pumping rates under a constant number of wells and distance from the shoreline were simulated. The results showed that the pumping of brackish/saline water from a distance of 1500 m from the shoreline using 16 pumping wells at a total pumping rate of 8000 m3 d−1 is the most effective solution in contrasting the saltwater intrusion in the Wadi Ham coastal aquifer.
Organic Fouling in Forward Osmosis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Yadav Sudesh , Ibrar Ibrar , Bakly Salam , Khanafer Daoud , Altaee Ali , Padmanaban V. C. , Samal Akshaya Kumar , Hawari Alaa H.
Published: May 2020

Organic fouling in the forward osmosis process is complex and influenced by different parameters in the forward osmosis such as type of feed and draw solution, operating conditions, and type of membrane. In this article, we reviewed organic fouling in the forward osmosis by focusing on wastewater treatment applications. Model organic foulants used in the forward osmosis literature were highlighted, which were followed by the characteristics of organic foulants when real wastewater was used as feed solution. The various physical and chemical cleaning protocols for the organic fouled membrane are also discussed. The study also highlighted the effective pre-treatment strategies that are effective in reducing the impact of organic fouling on the forward osmosis (FO) membrane. The efficiency of cleaning methods for the removal of organic fouling in the FO process was investigated, including recommendations on future cleaning technologies such as Ultraviolet and Ultrasound. Generally, a combination of physical and chemical cleaning is the best for restoring the water flux in the FO process.
Towards a Predictive Model for Initial Chlorine Dose in Humanitarian Emergencies
Authors: Wu Hongjian , C. Dorea Caetano C.
Published: May 2020

Free chlorination is a widely employed disinfection method in humanitarian water provision due to its many advantages. However, its effective application is hindered by the challenge in determining adequate initial doses to achieve free chlorine residuals that satisfy both health and aesthetic requirements. Current guidelines show varying recommended dosing strategies, and many do not adequately consider chlorine decay mechanisms that occur during water storage. Even though turbidity is commonly used as a criterion for deciding chlorine dose, it may not be an adequate proxy for the water quality in many cases. This paper addresses the fundamental relationships between chlorine decay kinetics and selected key water parameters (i.e., natural organic matter, water temperature, chlorine demand) by conducting chlorine decay tests in controlled conditions and in jerrycans (i.e., simulating humanitarian water treatment conditions). Chlorine decay constant from the Feben and Taras’s empirical model and first order model formed linear and exponential relationships with two water parameters (UVA254 and 30-min chlorine demand). With these relationships, the two chlorine decay models can be calibrated quickly and frequently in the field, allowing effective determination of initial chlorine dose. These two models calibrated based on the suggested water parameters from the study could predict chlorine decay in water having a main chlorine demand-inducing constituents as natural organic matter. However, they underpredicted chlorine decay in surface water with additional chlorine reactants. Further research on additional chlorine decay mechanisms is needed to expand the applicability of the models.
Kane Basin 1999: mapping, stratigraphic studies and economic assessment of Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic provinces in north-western Greenland
Authors: Dawes Peter R. , Frisch Thomas , Garde Adam A. , Iannelli Thomas R. , Ineson Jon R. , Jensen Sven M. , Pirajno Franco , Sønderholm Martin , Stemmerik Lars , Stouge Svend , Thomassen Bjørn , Van Gool Jeroen A.M.
Published: May 2020

The geological map coverage of Greenland at scale 1:500 000 is nearing completion, with the Kane Basin sheet of north-western Greenland the last to be compiled (sheet 6 between 78°–81°N; Fig. 1). Sporadic work by the Survey since the 1970s identified the main geological provinces and structure of the region but the lithologies of the Precambrian shield were not sufficiently mapped inland to warrant final compilation. Project Kane Basin 1999 was designed to provide this knowledge; the optimal use of logistics enabled a range of geological activities to be undertaken, as well as other scientific disciplines.
The East Greenland continental margin, the Prinsen af Wales Bjerge and new Skaergaard intrusion initiatives
Authors: Nielsen Troels F.D. , Hansen Henriette , Brooks C. Kent , Lesher Charles E.
Published: May 2020

The rifted volcanic margin of East Greenland has remained a major area for field studies and the development of models for the dynamics of plume-related continental break-up since the start of the Danish Lithosphere Centre (DLC) in 1994. The studies cover a range of disciplines and geological processes from the early development of pre-break-up basin formation and sedimentation over the main phase of basaltic magmatism to the late stages of alkaline magmatism and structural re-equilibration.

The East Greenland field activities in the summer of 2000, collectively referred to as EG 2000, were facilitated by a logistic platform provided by support from Statens Naturvidenskabelige Forskningsråd (SNF, the Danish Natural Science Research Council) and the Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum (BMP) in Nuuk, Greenland for the retrieval of 6 km of drillcore from the Skaergaard intrusion. During 1989 and 1990 mineral exploration had resulted in drilling of more than 15 km of core through the classic layered gabbros. The logistic platform also provided support for DLC and Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) field work and projects throughout the Kangerlussuaq region and on the Blosseville Kyst (Fig. 1), as well as mineral exploration and petroleum company activities.
Natrophosphate from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland
Authors: Petersen Ole V. , Khomyakov Alexander P. , Sørensen Henning
Published: May 2020

The rare mineral natrophosphate has been identified for the first time in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex in a drill core from the Kvanefjeld area. It occurs sparsely in zoned veinlets with cores of natrophosphate and borders of fibrous trona. The natrophosphate is more or less smoky, transparent and unaltered. The refractive index n = 1.448 ± 0.005 is low compared to that given for the material from the type locality, Khibina alkaline complex, Kola Peninsula; the unit cell parameter a = 27.76 ± 0.05 Å is in excellent agreement with that given for the material from the type locality. The veins occur in hyper-agpaitic naujakasite lujavrite; villiaumite is an associated mineral. Only a few water-soluble minerals have so far been found in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex compared to the wealth of such minerals in the Khibina and Lovozero alkaline complexes. This is possibly at least partly due to lack of necessary precautions during sampling.
Young Age Faith in Light of Developmental Psychology
Authors: STOKER G. JONKER VENTER AND H. G. (HENK)
Published: May 2020

This Article Focusses On The Faith Formation And Ability Of Preschool Children To Defend Their Faith From As Early As The Early Childhood Phase (two To Six Years). The Research Investigates Prominent Psychological Theories That Cover Preschool Children’s Cognitive Development To Determine If Children Within This Age Group Can Constructively Partake In Faith Formation, As Well As The Role That Parents Have In Encouraging And Shaping This Faith Formation And Apologetic Ability. The Article Provides Apologetic Guidelines From The Reformed Tradition To Parents To Assist Them In This Task. KEYWORDS: Christian Education, Faith Formation, Apologetics In Preschool Children, Spirituality, Developmental Psychology, Early Childhood, Jean Piaget, James Fowler, Lev Vygotsky, Erik Erikson
Self-Deception and the Apologetic of Despair in Pascal, Kierkegaard, and Bahnsen
Authors: RAALTE THEODORE G. (TED) VAN
Published: May 2020

One Of The Helpful Approaches Of A Christian Apologist In The Present Anti-Christian Climate Is An Apologetic That Presses The Unbeliever To Admit That Their Views Lack Hope And Lead To Despair. Though Many Unbelievers Deny The Despair And Prefer To Deceive Themselves, One Influential Author Views Self-deception As Fundamental To The Human Condition And Non-culpable. However, Christians Must Expose Self- Deception As Evil—a Product And Species Of Sin—seek To Root It Out Of Themselves, And Lead Others To The Hope Of Dealing With Life Truthfully. This Essay Helps Christian Apologists By Utilizing The Analysis Of Self- Deception By Greg Bahnsen And Shows That The Older Accounts Of Blaise Pascal And Søren Kierkegaard Accord Well With Bahnsen’s Approach. KEYWORDS: Blaise Pascal, Søren Kierkegaard, Greg Bahnsen, self-deception, apologetic of despair, presuppositional apologetic, sin, history of apologetic, apologetic method
Does Our Lord Ask Too Much? A Neglected Issue in Apologetics Today
Authors: EDGAR WILLIAM
Published: May 2020

The Article Begins With A Historical Survey Of Challengers Of Hypocrisy And Inauthentic Christianity Throughout Church History: Søren Kierkegaard, Bernard De Clairvaux, Girolamo Savonarola, Martin Luther, Jonathan Edwards, And Francis Schaeffer. It Continues With Two Questions About The Biblical Warrant And Feasibility Of Such Warnings. Finally, It Concludes With A Consideration Of Two Dangers Facing The Church Today: Conservatism And Escapism In The Church. In The End, We Can Only Face Up These Challenges In The Task Of Apologetics Through The Power Of The Gospel. KEYWORDS: Søren Kierkegaard, Bernard De Clairvaux, Girolamo Savonarola, Martin Luther, Jonathan Edwards, Francis Schaeffer, Hypocrisy, Mission Of The Church, Conservatism
Editorial: The Way We Live Now
Authors: Wells Paul
Published: May 2020

Editorial has no abstract
Valoración analítica de la rodilla (I)
Authors: Cortés Vega María Dolores , Casuso Holgado María Jesús , Ruiz Dorante Francisco Javier , Gilabert Martínez Emilio , Martínez Fernández José Antonio
Published: May 2020

Se trata de un recurso 3d, experimentable también como realidad aumentada y virtual, que permite el análisis anatómico y biomecánico de la articulación de la rodilla. Dicho recurso incluye animaciones 3D que son lanzados haciendo click sobre las leyendas para acceder a más información sobre la ejecución de las diferentes maniobras de valoración de esta articulación. Estos modelos anatómicos en 3D permiten al alumno adentrase en el interior de dicha articulación y observar su comportamiento biomecánico y cómo ello repercute en las diferentes estructuras menisco-ligamentosas durante las maniobras de valoración. La realidad aumentada constituye una valiosa herramienta en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje puesto que favorece la interacción estrecha y directa del alumno con el material objeto de estudio. El alumno tiene la oportunidad de manejar las imágenes para visualizarlas desde cualquier plano del espacio, así como acercarse a ellas para adentrarse de lleno en la articulación que se pretende estudiar.

El Recurso puede experimentarse directamente con el navegador en modo 360º tanto en equipos de escritorio como con dispositivos móviles. No obstante, es altamente recomendable una mejor experiencia inmersiva, la cual puede obtenerse ayudándose de unas gafas de Realidad Virtual con las que pueda conectarse mediante Mozilla Firefox (Oculus, HTC Vive, Daydream o Cardboard ). En modo VR, para hacer click en un elemento debe mirar durante 3 sgs, si no dispone de mandos.
Mekanisme Corporate Governance Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Enterprise Risk Management Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Jamaluddin J , Hermanto Suwardi Bambang , Fidiana F
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance mechanism on firm value with enterprise risk management as an intervening variable on financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Sample selection using purposive sampling. This study uses multiple regression analysis and simple regression to test the mediational relationship of ERM. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence between corporate governance mechanisms (institutional ownership, independent commissioner, and audit committee) with the firm value. But not significant in managerial ownership. The results of this study also indicate that there is a significant influence between corporate governance mechanisms (managerial ownership, independent commissioner, and audit committee) with the ERM. But it is not significant in institutional ownership. This study provides evidence that ERM mediating the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on firm value.Keyword : corporate governance mechanism, firm value, enterprise risk management.Â Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh mekanisme corporate governance terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan enterprise risk management sebagai variabel intervening pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dan regresi sederhana untuk menguji hubungan mediasional ERM. Deteksi mediasi menggunakan mediasi sederhana dengan cara pengujian causal steps. Teknik pemilihan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara mekanisme corporate governance (kepemilikan institusional, komisaris independen, dan komite audit) dengan nilai perusahaan. Namun tidak signifikan dalam kepemilikan manajerial. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapatpengaruh signifikan antara mekanisme corporate governance (kepemilikan manajerial, komisaris independen, dan komite audit) dengan enterprise risk management. Namun tidak signifikan dalam kepemilikan institusional. Penelitian ini memberikan bukti bahwa ERM memediasi pengaruh mekanisme corporate governance terhadap nilai perusahaan.Kata kunci: Mekanisme corporate governance, nilai perusahaan, enterprise risk management.
INSTITUTIONAL INCENTIVES FOR INCREASING PUBLIC SECTOR EFFICIENCY IN DECENTRALIZATION
Authors: KOLESNIK Tatyana
Published: May 2020

In the given paper, the features of the influence of institutional incentives and power tools on the efficiency of decentralization in ensuring prosperity and in the context of economic growth are explored.

The purpose of the given paper is to determine the instruments of government and to characterize the methods of using them to promote decentralization, as well as the mechanisms for financing local governments, the decentralization of information and to define their role in the application of market incentives for decentralization.

To study the peculiarities of power tools and institutional incentives for decentralization, to determine the conditions for effective work of local government financing mechanisms, the benefits of information decentralization and types of market incentives, a methodology of desk research was used with analysis of the results of theoretical and applied research published in foreign literature. Secondary information has been gathered in the context of the experience of implementing reforms on decentralization of state power, the peculiarities of the institutional environment and the establishment of stimulating factors for increasing the efficiency of state power.
Institutional incentives to increase the effectiveness of decentralization have a complex hierarchical structure, and their impact depends on many factors of local culture and management traditions. Decentralization of information and different market incentives may also have different effectiveness in their application. In any case, many changes are needed in the political system.
In future studies, it is planned to focus on the peculiarities of decentralization in certain regions of Ukraine and to assess the state of implementation of the proposed mechanisms for funding local governments in specific circumstances.