bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amino-functionalized graphene oxide for Cr(VI), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal from industrial wastewater
Authors: Huang Huayu , Wang Yang , Zhang Yubin , Niu Zhiying , Li Xinli
Published: March 2020

Amino-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-NH2) was synthesized by grafting (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane on the graphene oxide (GO) surface. The GO-NH2 with high surface area and numerous active sites can efficiently adsorb Cr(VI), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. The maximum adsorption capacities of GO-NH2 for Cr(VI), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) were 280.11, 26.25, 71.89 and 10.04 mg g−1, respectively. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were employed to describe the kinetic processes. The experimental data agreed well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and the adsorption of heavy metals onto GO-NH2 occurs via chemical adsorption. The characteristics of Cr(VI), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) in the GO-NH2 adsorption processes were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption processes of Pb(II) and Cd(II) on GO-NH2 were fit by the Langmuir model. The Freundlich isotherm model was well correlated to Cr(VI) and Cu(II). The GO-NH2 is a promising material for the removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater. This study provides an effective pathway to process industrial wastewater, and the GO-NH2 has a good adsorption effect for the treatment of heavy metals in industrial wastewater.
The Role of H2C2O4 and Na2CO3 as Precipitating Agents on The Physichochemical Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of Bismuth Oxide
Authors: Astuti Yayuk , Andianingrum Rizka ,   Arnelli, Haris Abdul , Darmawan Adi
Published: March 2020

Synthesis of bismuth oxide synthesis through the precipitation method using H2C2O4 and Na2CO3 precipitating agents, identification of physicochemical properties and its photocatalysis activity for methyl orange degradation were conducted. The bismuth oxide synthesis was undertaken by dissolving Bi(NO3)3.5H2O in HNO3, then added precipitating agents to form precipitate. The results showed that bismuth oxide produced by H2C2O4 precipitating agent was a yellow powder containing a mixture of α-Bi2O3 (monoclinic) and β-Bi2O3 (tetragonal), porous with size of 28-85 μm. Meanwhile, the use of Na2CO3 as precipitating agent resulted in bismuth oxide consisting of α-Bi2O3 and β-Bi2O3 and Bi2O4, irregular shape without pore being 40-115 μm in size. Bismuth oxide synthesized with H2C2O4 precipitating agent showed higher photocatalytic activity compared to bismuth oxide synthesized using Na2CO3 on degrading methyl orange dye with degradation rate constants of 2.35x10-5 s-1 for H2C2O4 and 1.81x10-5 s-1 for Na2CO3.
Précis: Categories We Live By
Authors: Ásta
Published: March 2020

The project of Categories We Live By is to offer a metaphysics of social categories. The strategy is to give a theory of social properties of individuals. The main components of the theory are a conferralist framework for properties; an account of social meaning; and an account of social construction; accompanying is also an account of social identity. This theory can be applies to offer concrete conferralist proposals of categories such as sex, gender, race, disability, religion, and LGBTQ categories. This précis describes the main components (conferralist framework, social meaning, social construction, social identity) briefly, but leaves discussions of applications for another time.
Monolithic high-contrast grating planar microcavities
Authors: Czyszanowski Tomasz , Gębski Marcin , Pruszyńska-Karbownik Emilia , Wasiak Michał , Lott James A.
Published: March 2020

Semiconductor planar microcavities significantly enhance the interaction between light and matter and are thus crucial as a fundamental research platform for investigations of quantum information processing, quantum dynamics, and exciton-polariton observations. Microcavities also serve as a very agile basis for modern resonant-cavity light-emitting and detecting devices now in large-scale production for applications in sensing and communication. The fabrication of microcavity devices composed of both common materials now used in photonics and uncommon or arbitrary materials that are new to photonics offers great freedom in the exploration of the functionalities of novel microcavity device concepts. Here we propose and carefully investigate two unique microcavity designs. The first design uses a monolithic high-index-contrast grating (MHCG) and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) as the microcavity mirrors. The second design uses two MHCGs as the microcavity mirrors. We demonstrate by numerical analysis that MHCG-DBR and MHCG-MHCG microcavities, whose lateral radial dimension is 16 μm, reach very large quality factors at the level of 104 and nearly 106, as well as purposely designed wavelength tuning ranges of 8 and 60 nm in both configurations, respectively. Our MHCG-MHCG microcavities with a very small size of 600 nm in the vertical dimension show extremely large quality factors, which can be explained by treating the optical modes as quasi-bound states in a continuum (BICs). Moreover, we verify our theoretical analysis and calibrate our simulation parameters by comparing to the experimental characteristics of an electrically injected MHCG-DBR microcavity vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) emitting at a peak wavelength of about 980 nm. We use the calibrated parameters to simulate the emission characteristics of electrically injected VCSELs in various MHCG-DBR and MHCG-MHCG microcavity configurations to illustrate the influence of microcavity designs and their quality factors on the predicted lasing properties of the devices.
Breaking polarisation-bandwidth trade-off in dielectric metasurface for unpolarised white light
Authors: Ansari Muhammad Afnan , Tauqeer Tauseef , Zubair Muhammad , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim
Published: March 2020

Optical metasurfaces have gained attention due to their considerable prospects, which can benefit consumers and industries in terms of virtual reality devices and digital displays in various multimedia and entertainment-related applications. To date, most of the metasurface optimisation strategies involving isotropic or anisotropic nanoantennas encounter a trade-off between polarisation insensitivity and operating bandwidth under unpolarised white light, which is a fundamental requirement for many applications in digital displays. We presented a novel technique to break the trade-off between polarisation insensitivity and bandwidth by engineering the displacement dependent phase delay of the adjacent parallel and perpendicular anisotropic nanoantennas in a dielectric metasurface. As a result, we numerically demonstrate a highly efficient metasurface operating at an almost entire visible domain (wavelength of 450 nm–650 nm) while maintaining a constant phase modulation under all polarisation states, thus enabling the polarisation-insensitive metadevices for unpolarised white light.
Senior Club-Level Rugby Union Player's Positional Movement Performance Using Individualized Velocity Thresholds and Accelerometer-Derived Impacts in Matches
Authors: Takamori Sohei , Hamlin Michael J. , Kieser David C. , King Doug , Hume Patria , Yamazaki Tetsuya , Hachiya Masashi , Olsen Peter D.
Published: March 2020

Takamori, S, Hamlin, MJ, Kieser, DC, King, D, Hume, P, Yamazaki, T, Hachiya, M, and Olsen, PD. Senior club-level rugby union player's positional movement performance using individualized velocity thresholds and accelerometer-derived impacts in matches. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 710–716, 2022—Game demands of professional rugby union players have been well documented; however, there is minimal game demand information using individualized velocity thresholds and collision loads, particularly for amateurs. This study investigated movement patterns of 20 male amateur rugby players during 16 senior premier division one matches using global positioning system (GPS) devices sampling at 10 Hz. Derived GPS variables included distances, velocities, sprinting, and impacts. Data files from 86 player games (≥60 minutes of play per game) were categorized into broad (forwards and backs) and specific (front row, second row, back row, half back, inside back, and outside back) positional groups for analysis. It was most likely that backs covered more distance in the high-speed running (>60% maximal velocity) zone (502 ± 157 m) compared with forwards (238 ± 147 m) (100/0/0%, chances of positive/trivial/negative differences, effect size [ES] = 1.3), performed more striding (backs 1,116 ± 240, forwards 954 ± 240 m, 96/4/0%, ES = 0.5), and sprinting (backs 121 ± 58, forwards 90 ± 65 m, 93/7/0%, ES = 0.5). However, forwards had higher collision loads (35 ± 12 arbitrary units) compared with backs (20 ± 6, 99.9/0.1/0%, ES = 1.3) with back row forwards completing the highest collision load of any playing position (40 ± 13). Our example match movement performance and impact information is valuable to coaches and support staff in preparing player profiles for similar-level rugby players to help manage their workloads.
A Ludomusicologist Goes to the Museum
Authors: Mussies Martine
Published: March 2020

From September 2018 to February 2019, the famous Victoria and Albert Museum in London hosted Videogames: Design/Play/Disrupt, a major exhibition on contemporary video game design and culture. Announced as “a unique insight into the design process behind a selection of groundbreaking contemporary videogames,” this immersive exhibition was the end presentation of a project that took four years to undertake. Dutch PhD student Martine Mussies went over the Channel to take a look and write down her experiences for this first issue of the Journal of Sound and Music in Games.
TMEM135 regulates primary ciliogenesis through modulation of intracellular cholesterol distribution
Authors: Maharjan Yunash , Lee Joon No , Kwak Seong Ae , Dutta Raghbendra Kumar , Park Channy , Choe Seong‐Kyu , Park Raekil
Published: March 2020

Recent evidence has linked the lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in Niemann–Pick type C1 with anomalies associated with primary ciliogenesis. Here, we report that perturbed intracellular cholesterol distribution imposed by lysosomal cholesterol accumulation during TMEM135 depletion is closely associated with impaired ciliogenesis. TMEM135 depletion does not affect the formation of the basal body and the ciliary transition zone. TMEM135 depletion severely blunts Rab8 trafficking to the centrioles without affecting the centriolar localization of Rab11 and Rabin8, the upstream regulators of Rab8 activation. Although TMEM135 depletion prevents enhanced IFT20 localization at the centrioles, ciliary vesicle formation is not affected. Furthermore, enhanced IFT20 localization at the centrioles is dependent on Rab8 activation. Supplementation of cholesterol in complex with cyclodextrin rescues Rab8 trafficking to the centrioles and Rab8 activation, thereby recovering primary ciliogenesis in TMEM135‐depleted cells. Taken together, our data suggest that TMEM135 depletion prevents ciliary vesicle elongation, a characteristic of impaired Rab8 function. Our study thus reveals a previously uncharacterized effect of erroneous intracellular cholesterol distribution on impairing Rab8 function and primary ciliogenesis.
Development of the Proximal-Anterior Skeletal Elements in the Mouse Hindlimb Is Regulated by a Transcriptional and Signaling Network Controlled by Sall4
Authors: Chen Katherine Q , Tahara Naoyuki , Anderson Aaron , Kawakami Hiroko , Kawakami Sho , Nishinakamura Ryuichi , Pandolfi Pier Paolo , Kawakami Yasuhiko
Published: March 2020

The vertebrate limb serves as an experimental paradigm to study mechanisms that regulate development of the stereotypical skeletal elements. In this study, we simultaneously inactivated Sall4 using Hoxb6Cre and Plzf in mouse embryos, and found that their combined function regulates development of the proximal-anterior skeletal elements in hindlimbs. The Sall4; Plzf double knockout exhibits severe defects in the femur, tibia, and anterior digits, distinct defects compared to other allelic series of Sall4; Plzf. We found that Sall4 regulates Plzf expression prior to hindlimb outgrowth. Further expression analysis indicated that Hox10 genes and GLI3 are severely downregulated in the Sall4; Plzf double knockout hindlimb bud. In contrast, PLZF expression is reduced but detectable in Sall4; Gli3 double knockout limb buds, and SALL4 is expressed in the Plzf; Gli3 double knockout limb buds. These results indicate that Plzf, Gli3, and Hox10 genes downstream of Sall4, regulate femur and tibia development. In the autopod, we show that Sall4 negatively regulates Hedgehog signaling, which allows for development of the most anterior digit. Collectively, our study illustrates genetic systems that regulate development of the proximal-anterior skeletal elements in hindlimbs.
María José Garrido Asperó. Para sanar, fortalecer y embellecer los cuerpos. Historia de la gimnasia en la ciudad de México, 1824-1876. Ciudad de México: Instituto Mora, 2016. 231 pp.
Authors: Ruiz-Patiño Jorge Humberto
Published: March 2020

Reseña de María José Garrido Asperó. Para sanar, fortalecer y embellecer los cuerpos. Historia de la gimnasia en la ciudad de México, 1824-1876. Ciudad de México: Instituto Mora, 2016. 231 pp.
Súplica, conjuro y ritualidad: rogativas públicas en la Villa de la Candelaria de Medellín, 1779-1825*
Authors: Vélez-Pérez Luis Felipe
Published: March 2020

Este artículo analiza la función social y política que tuvieron las rogativas públicas en la Villa de la Candelaria de Medellín entre 1779 y 1825, principalmente en su dimensión como sucesos que ligaban el acontecer cotidiano de la localidad con la consecuenteemocionalidad colectiva. Parte de algunas consideraciones historiográficas, como la falta de estudios sistemáticos y detenidos sobre el tema para el Nuevo Reino de Granada yespecíficamente para Medellín, y la necesidad de ampliar el espectro de comprensión sobre la cultura y la religiosidad popular en la Villa de la Candelaria entre la época colonial y la protorrepública. El periodo corresponde a los años en los que la documentación evidencia la celebración de la mayor cantidad de rogativas desde la fundación de la Villa en 1675 hasta su transformación en ciudad en la década de 1830. Articulando el concepto de ritual con el estudio de las fuentes documentales y la bibliografía sobre el tema, se trata de comprender la conexión entre el entorno festivo, las divinidades invocadas y las circunstancias locales y externas de la población, dando cuenta detallada de las rogativas realizadas por fenómenos naturales, pestes y epidemias, y sucesos sociopolíticos. En una síntesis general, se destaca la reiterativa presencia de algunas divinidades en distintas coyunturas de la Villa, los cambios vislumbrados en las rogativas a partir de la década de 1830 y el abanico de actitudes y sentimientos exteriorizados en los rituales. Se concluye que las rogativas fueron celebraciones propias de una religiosidad funcional, en la que se apreciaba la forma como las personas hacían uso de la creencia en sus divinidades.
Ordenanza de Matrícula para Cartagena de Indias (1777)
Authors: Suárez-Sánchez Fernando , Restrepo-Berrío Julieta
Published: March 2020

La presente transcripción corresponde a una copia de un reglamento cuyo original se encuentra en el Archivo General de Simancas, sobre el ordenamiento y función de la provincia marítima de Cartagena de Indias y la condición civil y militar de la gente de mar y maestranza dentro del sistema de reclutamiento naval llamado Matrícula de Mar en dicha provincia. El documento es rico sobre información relacionada con la producción de documentos, funciones burocráticas, competencias institucionales, actividades económicas y obligaciones de artesanos y pescadores que habitaban las costas del virreinato neogranadino a finales del siglo XVIII.
Harmonizing the Community: An Intellectual Role of Ulama in Modern Indonesia
Authors: Hasbullah Moeflich Hart
Published: March 2020

Artikel ini menganalisis peran intelektual ulama sebagai perantara budaya dalam masyarakat dari beberapa tahap dalam sejarah Indonesia. Bab-bab terpenting dalam sejarah Indonesia secara umum dapat dibagi menjadi lima periode: Pertama, periode masuknya Islam dan perkembangan awal islamisasi. Kedua, masa penjajahan. Ketiga, era era modern, yaitu munculnya gerakan modern dalam Islam di awal abad ke-20. Keempat, periode kemerdekaan revolusioner, dan kelima, periode pasca-kemerdekaan. Artikel sosio-historis ini melihat bahwa ulama di setiap periode ini adalah aktor utama sejarah dan menentukan arah perkembangan bangsa Indonesia. Khusus untuk bagian 'pembangunan komunitas' dalam penelitian ini, kasus peran seorang ulama yang merupakan kepala desa di Rancapanggung, Cililin, Bandung Barat pada 1930-an.
Penilaian Risiko pada Mesin Pendingin di Kapal Penangkap Ikan Dengan Pendekatan FMEA
Authors: Priharanto Yuniar Endri , Latif M Zaki , HS Rahmad Surya
Published: March 2020

Keberadaan mesin pendingin di kapal penangkap ikan sangat dibutuhkan untuk mempertahankan mutu hasil tangkapan. Dengan kondisi operasional yang cukup panjang mengakibatkan keandalan komponennya menjadi berkurang seiring bertambahnya waktu pengoperasian. Dari total biaya produksi dalam sebuah industri, rata-rata diatas 15 % alokasi biaya untuk perawatan, biaya tersebut dapat menjadi tinggi dikarenakan penambahan biaya karena tidak adanya rencana perawatan atau perawatan preventif yang kurang baik sehingga akan menyebabkan total biaya produksi menjadi naik [10]. Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan penggunaan FMEA untuk mengidentifikasi peluang terjadinya kegagalan pada sistem pendingin di Kapal Penangkap Ikan. Hasil dari FMEA dapat memperoleh penilaian tingkat bahaya dari sebuah moda kegagalan dan memberikan skala prioritas terhadap risiko dari suatu moda kegagalan serta memberikan daftar tindakan pencegahan atau perbaikan untuk mengurangi risiko [4]. Analisis FMEA mengindikasi komponen kritis pada mesin pendingin antara lain kondensor dengan nilai RPN 144 dan 128, evaporator dengan nilai RPN 128 dan oil separator dengan nilai RPN 112. Upaya mitigasi yang dapat dilakukan antara lain melakukan pemeriksaan rutin, membuat redundant, melakukan penjadwalan pembersihan komponen secara rutin dan penggantian komponen secara rutin.
Perbandingan Pendapatan Nelayan Pekerja dengan Standar Upah Minimum Regional (UMR) Kabupaten Kulon Progo
Authors: Adi Catur Pramono , HS Dian Sutono
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan system bagi hasil dan system upah yang diterapkan pada usaha perikanan Gill Net di Pantai Trisik kabupaten Kulon Progo, untuk mengetahui tingkat BEP yang diterapkan sebagai batasan dalam menentukan pelaksanaan system bagi hasil dan untuk membandingkan antara system upah dan system bagi hasil yang diperoleh nelayan dan pemilik kapal dengan UMR yang ada di daerah Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pantai Trisik Desa Banaran, Kecamatan Galur, Kabupaten Kulon Progo pada awal bulan Agustus sampai dengan awal bulan Nopember 2017. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi metode study kasus, pengambilan sample, pengumpulan data dan analisa data. Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pendapatan yang diterima oleh ABK Rp. 2.284.000,- per bulan dan Rp.10.420,- per jam , Pendapatan Nahkoda Rp.6.602.000,- per Bulan dan Rp.300.420,- per hari atau Rp. 37.552,- per jam. Namun untuk karyawan di Perusahaan mendapat penghasilan Rp. Rp.1.144.812,- per Bulan dan Rp. 38.160,- per hari  serta Rp.4.770,- per Jam. Dengan demikian lebih menguntuingkan system bagi hasil pada usaha perikanan Gill Net monofilament di Pantai trisik kabupaten Kulon Progo bila dibandingkan dengan UMR tahun 2017 yang ada di daerah itu, sebesar Rp. 1.373.600,--
Terumbu Karang Taman Wisata Perairan Pulau Pieh Sumatera Barat
Authors: HS Dian Sutono , Lubis Syamsul Bachri
Published: March 2020

Kawasan Konservasi Perairan (KKP) Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Pulau Pieh dan Laut Sekitarnya, terdiri dari Pulau Bando, Pulau Pieh, Pulau Air, Pulau Toran dan Pulau Pandan seluas 39.900 Ha. Secara geografis TWP Pulau Pieh berada pada koordinat 000 45’ 10” – 010 03’ 08” LS / 990 59’ 36”- 1000 59’ 28” BT, dan secara adminsitratif masuk dalam wilayah Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Kota Pariaman dan Kota Padang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di perairan zona inti Pulau Toran TWP. Pulau Pieh pada koordinat 01⁰ 01' 55" – 01⁰ 03' 02" LS / 100⁰ 09' 36" - 100⁰ 11' 02" BT., dengan metoda LIT (Line Intercept Transect) menggunakan tali transek sepanjang 50 meter yang ditarik sejajar/horizontal hamparan terumbu karang pada enam titik stasiun pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan persentase tutupan karang hidup berkisar antara 20,94 % - 35,00 % (kategori buruk – sedang) dengan nilai rata-rata 25,93 % (kategori sedang). Nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H’) berkisar antara 1,76 – 3.16 (kategori rendah – tinggi), dengan nilai rata-rata 2,44 (kategori sedang). Nilai indeks keseragaman (E’) secara umum tergolong kategori tinggi (komunitas stabil) berkisar antara 0,77 – 1,00 dengan nilai rata-rata 0,88 (kategori sedang). Sedangkan indeks dominasi (C’) tidak menunjukan kondisi ekstrim dari salah satu spesies terhadap spesies lainnya, Hal ini diindikasikan oleh nilai indeks dominasi yang kurang dari 0,5 (kategori rendah), yaitu berkisar antara 0,05 – 0.42 dengan nilai rata-rata 0,24 (kategori rendah).
Analisis Laju Perpindahan Panas Sistem Pendingin Air Tawar pada Engine Generator Listrik
Authors: Tambunan Kaminton , Fanani Zainal , Prihajatno Muji
Published: March 2020

Mesin generator merupakan suatu pesawat penggerak yang menghasilkan daya untuk menjalankan pembangkit listrik. Pengendalian panas pada generator engine dengan sistem pendingin air tawar berfungsi untuk menjaga stabilitas temperatur kerja mesin. Kemampuan air pendingin untuk menyerap panas hasil pembakaran melalui analisis data perpindahan panas yang dilakukan berdasarkan pengukuran dan perhitungan untuk mengetahui secara optimal kerja generator engine. Metode penelitian eksperimental dilakukan dengan memperbesar drum air pendingin, memperlancar air pendingin, dan menambah jumlah air pendingin. Berdasarkan hasil analisis eksperimental dan perhitungan bahwa pendinginen standar pada putaran 1500 rpm menghasilkan rata-rata Qpendinginan = 79.979,23 Watt; dan Prosentase penyerapan panas =14,04%. Pendinginan dengan bantuan drum pendingin pada putaran 1500 rpm menghasilkan rata-rata Qpendinginan = 32.737,60 Watt; dan Prosentase penyerapan panas =41,44%. Pendinginan dengan bantuan drum dan penambahan air pendingin pada putaran 1500 rpm menghasilkan rata-rata Qpendinginan = 27.350,40 Watt; dan Prosentase penyerapan panas =75,79%. Penambahan drum pendingin dan penambahan air pendingin akan mengoptimalkan laju pendinginan engine.

Mesin generator merupakan suatu pesawat penggerak yang menghasilkan daya untuk menjalankan pembangkit listrik. Pengendalian panas pada generator engine dengan sistem pendingin air tawar berfungsi untuk menjaga stabilitas temperatur kerja mesin. Kemampuan air pendingin untuk menyerap panas hasil pembakaran melalui analisis data perpindahan panas yang dilakukan berdasarkan pengukuran dan perhitungan untuk mengetahui secara optimal kerja generator engine. Metode penelitian eksperimental dilakukan dengan memperbesar drum air pendingin, memperlancar air pendingin, dan menambah jumlah air pendingin. Berdasarkan hasil analisis eksperimental dan perhitungan bahwa pendinginen standar pada putaran 1500 rpm menghasilkan rata-rata Qpendinginan = 79.979,23 Watt; dan Prosentase penyerapan panas =14,04%. Pendinginan dengan bantuan drum pendingin pada putaran 1500 rpm menghasilkan rata-rata Qpendinginan = 32.737,60 Watt; dan Prosentase penyerapan panas =41,44%. Pendinginan dengan bantuan drum dan penambahan air pendingin pada putaran 1500 rpm menghasilkan rata-rata Qpendinginan = 27.350,40 Watt; dan Prosentase penyerapan panas =75,79%. Penambahan drum pendingin dan penambahan air pendingin akan mengoptimalkan laju pendinginan engine.
Pemanfaatan Refrigerasi Tenaga Surya untuk Menjaga Mutu Hasil Tangkapan Nelayan
Authors: Hadi Rahmad , Apih Suparlin  , Dian Sutono  , Terry Yuliardi
Published: March 2020

Menjaga mutu hasil tangkapan adalah bagian yang terpenting dari kegiatan penangkapan ikan pasca tangkap dengan tujuan untuk mempertahankan mutu hasil tangkapan sehingga memiliki harga jual yang tinggi. Penanganan ikan yang baik pasca tangkap diatas kapal merupakan salah satu cara untuk menjaga mutu hasil tangkapan. Penanganan yang dilakukan bisa dalam bentuk mempertahankan suhu hasil tangkapan. Berangkat dari hasil penelitian terapan tahun 2017 yang dilakukan terkait identifikasi kapal dan alat tangkap ikan di pesisir kabupaten karawang, disimpulkan bahwa nelayan-nelayan pesisir Kabupaten Karawang pada umumnya masih sangat rendah dalam penanganan ikan hasil tangkap sehingga hasil tangkapan yang diperoleh mutunya kurang baik ini secara langsung berdampak terhadap harga jual hasil tangkapan. Didasari oleh hal tersebut maka dibutuhkan mesin pendingin yang mudah tidak membebani dalam operasionalnya. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat mesin refrigerasi yang bertenaga surya (solar energy), mengetahui performa mini refrigeration unit yang telah dibuat (COP) dan mutu ikan yang tersimpan dalam mesin tersebut dengan uji organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara umum mini refrigeration unit  yang dibuat bekerja dengan baik dengan performa (COP) sebesar 3.51 artinya mini refrigeration unit  yang dibuat memiliki efisiensi yang baik yatu di atas 1. Untuk mutu hasil tangkap yang tersimpan dalam mini refrigeration memiliki nilai organoleptik diatas standar pangan yaitu rata-rata 8.
Ekplorasi Penentuan Lokasi Tangkap Perikanan Nelayan Bubu Tradisional Desa Assilulu Menggunakan Teknologi Fish Finder
Authors: Agung  , Achmad Jais Ely
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi penentuan lokasi tangkap perikanan bagi nelayan Bubu Tradisional dengan memanfaatkan teknologi fishfinder. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksplorasi, yang diperoleh dari wawancara dan survey lapangan. Adapun sampel lokasi ditentukan sesuai sebaran lokasi penangkapan. Saat ini nelayan bubu tradisional desa Assilulu masih menggunakan alat tradisional sebagai potakan dalam menentukan dan mencari keberadaan ikan yang akan ditangkap, sehingga produktivitas ikan yang dihasilkan tidak optimal, padahal sumber ikan yang ada di perairan laut Assilulu sangat melimpah. Sehingga dibutuhkan alat bantu yang mampu memenuhi produktivitas hasil tanggap. Hasil eksplorasi dari 6 lokasi berbeda dengan variasi kedalaman 30-60 meter menunjukkan perbandingan dari sudut pandang nelayan dan penggunaan teknologi fishfinder terdapat perbedaan pengamatan yang sangat berbeda. tingkat keanekaragaman  spesies berada pada posisi indeks sedang dengan kisaran 1 ≤ H’ ≤ 3. Sedangkan pada indeks keseragaman, seluruh daerah masuk pada kriteria keseragaman tinggi indeks antara 0.73 – 0.82 dan 0.78 – 0.92. Untuk  indeks dominansi memiliki nilai kisaran indeks antara 0.142 – 0.306 dan 0.125 – 0.178. Maka seluruh area penangkapan memiliki dominansi rendah, stabil, dan tidak terjadi tekanan ekologis Diagram ikan fungsional menunjukan bahwa ikan target tertinggi jatuh pada lokasi penangkapan Mimbar dan Nusi Hena, dengan nilai persentase masing-masing sebesar 19%.
Karakteristik Bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae NP104O, S01-196-16 dan NMbO Penyebab Streptococcosis pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Suhermanto Achmad , T Herdianto , Suhermin  , Ridwan  , I Nurmawanti
Published: March 2020

Kegagalan budidaya ikan nila di Indonesia pada segmen pembenihan, pendederan dan pembesaran salah satunya disebabkan oleh infeksi Streptococcus agalactiae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi karakteristik bakteri S. agalactiae NP104O, S01-196-16 dan NMbO yang menginfeksi budidaya ikan nila. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan saat terjadi wabah streptococcosis, pengujian berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan biokimia. Uji patogenisitas dilakukan dengan menginjeksikan bakteri ke ikan dengan dosis 107 CFU ikan-1. Hasil uji menunjukkan ketiga isolat Gram positif, berbentuk kokus, katalase negatif, dan oksidase negatif. Ketiga isolat memiliki pola pertumbuhan dan konsentrasi yang berbeda hingga akhir pengamatan. Uji patogenisitas diperoleh hasil, semua ikan yang diinjeksi bakteri NP104O, S01-196-16 dan NMbO muncul gejala klinis melanosis, unilateral atau bilateral exophthalmos, kekeruhan pada mata,  tulang  belakang  melengkung  membentuk  huruf  C,  erratic,  dan whirling. Diharapkan, hasil penelitian ini bisa dijadikan referensi untuk tindakan pencegahan infeksi streptococcosis pada ikan nila.
Phantom Brickworks
Authors: Arboleda Pablo
Published: March 2020

Bailén is a small town in southern Spain where, during the housing bubble in the early 2000s, a third of the country's domestic housing-brick supply was produced. After the 2008 financial crash, two of the town's three brickworks shut down - leaving dozens of abandoned factories behind. By walking through these ghostly ruins and photographing their strangely beautiful aesthetics, the author reflects on the rise and fall of a development model based on construction. It is stated that, whilst the sole notion of ‘crisis' is abstract and cannot be visualised, phantom brickworks function as antimetaphors because, instead of representing the crisis, they are the crisis. The music is available on the NTS YouTube channel at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08ctUR90WrM
Book Reviews
Authors: Engstrom Richard L.
Published: March 2020

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Fair Allocation with Diminishing Differences
Authors: Segal-Halevi Erel , Hassidim Avinatan , Aziz Haris
Published: March 2020

Ranking alternatives is a natural way for humans to explain their preferences. It is used in many settings, such as school choice, course allocations and residency matches. Without having any information on the underlying cardinal utilities, arguing about the fairness of allocations requires extending the ordinal item ranking to ordinal bundle ranking. The most commonly used such extension is stochastic dominance (SD), where a bundle X is preferred over a bundle Y if its score is better according to all additive score functions. SD is a very conservative extension, by which few allocations are necessarily fair while many allocations are possibly fair. We propose to make a natural assumption on the underlying cardinal utilities of the players, namely that the difference between two items at the top is larger than the difference between two items at the bottom. This assumption implies a preference extension which we call diminishing differences (DD), where X is preferred over Y if its score is better according to all additive score functions satisfying the DD assumption. We give a full characterization of allocations that are necessarily-proportional or possibly-proportional according to this assumption. Based on this characterization, we present a polynomial-time algorithm for finding a necessarily-DD-proportional allocation whenever it exists. Using simulations, we compare the various fairness criteria in terms of their probability of existence, and their probability of being fair by the underlying cardinal valuations. We find that necessary-DD-proportionality fares well in both measures. We also consider envy-freeness and Pareto optimality under diminishing-differences, as well as chore allocation under the analogous condition --- increasing-differences.
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WEST INDIAN XENODONTINE SNAKES (SERPENTES; COLUBRIDAE) WITH COMMENTS ON THE PHYLOGENY OF SOME MAINLAND XENODONTINES
Authors: Crother Brian I.
Published: March 2020

The evolutionary relationships of the West Indian (W. I.) xenodontine snake assemblage has been considered as either monophyletic or paraphyletic. Allozyme data from protein electrophoresis were used to estimate the phylogeny of the W. I. xenodontine snakes. Forty-two species from 25 genera (mainland and W. I. taxa) were examined. The phylogenetic relationships were estimated using parsimony analyses with successive approximation weighting on the data coded two ways: (1) the allele as the character and (2) the locus as the character. The most parsimonious trees from both coding methods indicated a non-monophyletic W. I. xenodontine assemblage. Three W.I. groups were recovered in both coding methods: (1) Jamaican Arrhyton and Darlingtonia, (2) Uromacer and the Cuban Arrhyton, and (3) Alsophis, Ialtris, and the South American Alsophis elegans. The relationships of Hypsirhynchus, Antillophis and Arrhyton exiguum were unstable. Nomenclatural changes are recommended for Darlingtonia, Arrhyton, Ialtris and Alsophis.
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION, INCUBATION PROTOCOLS, AND EGG CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GANGES SOFTSHELL TURTLE (ASPIDERETES GANGETICUS)
Authors: Whitaker Nikhil
Published: March 2020

Reproductive biology of Aspideretes gangeticus was studied between 1986 and 2001. Clutchsize averaged 17.9 eggs and ranged between six to thirty-fi ve eggs. Egg length averaged 30.6 mm,egg width averaged 30.22 mm, and egg weight averaged 16.85 g. Clutch volume averaged 253.75ml. No signifi cant difference was observed in clutch size between dry and wet seasons. Of the variousincubation protocols tested, one that involved transitional temperatures of 28º – 31º C, to chilling at15º – 18º C, and then 23º – 26º C resulted in the highest hatching success. Aspideretes gangeticusexhibit two forms of development arrest during incubation, embryonic diapause early in incubation andembryonic aestivation in the latter trimester of incubation. The two Aspideretes gangeticus femalesthat produced clutches for the current study produced eggs with a high fertility percentage throughoutthe fi fteen years for which they stored sperm.
WHAT IS A HERPETOLOGIST AND HOW CAN I BECOME ONE?
Authors: Gibbons J. Whittfield , Dorcas Michael E.
Published: March 2020

The following is the first in the JNAH series in which we address a variety of topics on herpetology based on essays from our upcoming book “How to Be a Herpetologist,”. We will also answer frequently asked questions we and other professional herpetologists receive from students, colleagues, and the general public about herpetology as a career or an avocation.
DISTRIBUTION, DIET, AND PREVALENCE OF AMPHIBIAN CHYTRID FUNGUS IN NON-NATIVE AMERICAN BULLFROGS (LITHOBATES CATESBEIANUS) AT THE VALENTINE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, NEBRASKA, USA
Authors: Lingenfelter Alyx R. , Geluso Keith , Nenneman Melvin P. , Peterson Brian C. , Kerby Jacob L.
Published: March 2020

American Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) have been widely introduced beyond their native range in North America and can negatively affect organisms in wetland environments via a suite of mechanisms including interspecific interactions and disease transmission. Bullfrogs were introduced to the Valentine National Wildlife Refuge in the Sandhill Region of Nebraska, USA, yet little is known regarding their distribution, abundance, and potential effects on other vertebrates in the Refuge. Surveys in 1991-1992 documented bullfrogs in only one lake by the Refuge headquarters, and anecdotal historical observations indicated that bullfrogs were present primarily in lakes open to public fishing. In 2012, we determined the distribution of bullfrogs across the Refuge, examined their diets, and sampled them for the occurrence of the pathogenic fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We documented that bullfrogs were almost ubiquitous across the Refuge lakes and wetlands. From diet analyses, we observed that adult bullfrogs consumed several vertebrate species on the Refuge including: a Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii), small bullfrogs, an unidentifiable frog species, and numerous invertebrates, including crayfish. The amphibian chytrid fungus was prevalent on the refuge with 73.7% of bullfrogs testing positive for the fungus in early June and 6.3% in late June-July. Preliminary data indicate that bullfrogs likely have already affected interspecific interactions with native amphibians via predation, competition, and/or disease transmission. Bullfrogs likely cannot be eradicated from the Refuge, but expanding the season of harvest of bullfrogs might reduce their abundance, which may benefit native amphibians and reptiles.
USING CALLING ACTIVITY TO PREDICT CALLING ACTIVITY
Authors: Brown Donald J. , Swannack Todd M. , Forstner Michael R. J.
Published: March 2020

Understanding anuran calling activity patterns is important for maximizing efficiency and value of call survey data collection and analyses. Previous studies have primarily focused on identifying and quantifying abiotic variables that influence anuran calling activity, and investigating relationships between calling activity and population estimates. In this study we investigated the use of a predictor pond approach to guide call survey effort. In this approach, calling activity at a subset of breeding sites (e.g., ponds) is used as a predictor of calling activity at additional breeding sites, with the goal being to minimize sampling effort while simultaneously maximizing sampling efficiency. We explored the efficiency of this approach using call survey data collected on the endangered Houston Toad (Bufo [Anaxyrus] houstonensis) at 15 known breeding ponds over 9 survey years. We found that if calling activity at 3 predictor ponds was used to decide if additional call surveys would occur at the remaining 12 ponds, we would have hypothetically correctly assumed calling activity was not occurring at non-predictor ponds on 92.1% of survey nights, and we would have hypothetically detected 93.9% of the total number of detected individuals over the 9 survey years. We found the predictor pond approach performed well in our case study, and believe it could be a valuable tool for many anuran monitoring programs.
POPULATION ECOLOGY OF THE NORTHERN SLIMY SALAMANDER (PLETHODON GLUTINOSUS) IN EAST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS
Authors: Crawford John A. , Kuhns Andrew R. , Meyer Mathys J.
Published: March 2020

The importance of plethodontid salamanders in forested habitats has been recognized for decades and more recently plethodontids have been touted as a model taxon for monitoring ecosystem integrity and recovery. However, basic demographic data that are crucial to conservation and management plans are currently lacking for many species and regions. The objectives of our study were to characterize the population density, biomass, and capture success of a peripheral population of Plethodon glutinosus to provide a comparison for eastern populations and set a baseline for future monitoring of Midwestern populations. We estimated the population density of P. glutinosus at our site to be 0.41 salamanders/m2, with an estimated biomass of 0.70 g/m2. We did not find any evidence for temperature or precipitation affecting capture success. Our results showed that our density estimate falls within the range of other population ecology studies of Plethodon and sets a baseline for other peripheral Midwestern populations.
CHORUSING PATTERNS OF A DIVERSE ANURAN COMMUNITY, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON SOUTHERN CRAWFISH FROGS (LITHOBATES AREOLATUS AREOLATUS)
Authors: McKnight Donald T. , Ligon Day B.
Published: March 2020

Wildlife surveys have a critical role in conservation efforts and the collection of life history data. For anuran amphibians these surveys often focus on calling males. In order to further our understanding of anuran ecology, we used automated recording systems to monitor the calling activities of the anuran communities at two beaver-formed lakes and one cattle pond in southeastern Oklahoma. We documented 14 anuran species between 5 February and 28 April 2012. Temperature had a significant effect on the calling patterns of Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toads (Gastrophryne carolinensis), Green Treefrogs (Hyla cinerea), Gray Treefrogs (Hyla versicolor), Southern Crawfish Frogs (Lithobates areolatus areolatus), and Cajun Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris fouquettei). Temperature did not have a significant effect on the calling patterns of Dwarf American Toads (Anaxyrus americanus charlesmithi), American Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus), or Green Frogs (Lithobates clamitans). There was not a significant relationship between rainfall and calling for L. a. areolatus. The presence of several of these species, including L. a. areolatus and Hurter’s Spadefoots (Scaphiopus hurterii) was unusual because these anurans typically breed in ephemeral, fishless pools, but the beaver lakes are permanent and sustain populations of carnivorous fishes.
COMPARING TWO TRANSECT METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF RED-BACKED SALAMANDERS
Authors: McGhee Jay D. , Killian Michael D.
Published: March 2020

Typical monitoring methods for terrestrial salamanders are subject to extensive variation, driven by the environmental conditions in effect during sampling. As rigorous salamander sampling methods are needed to monitor populations, there is a need to assess commonly used methods under a variety of environmental conditions. We hypothesized that of two methods used for capturing red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus), leaf litter searches and natural cover searches, the latter would perform best for adults and in situations where moisture was limiting. We compared captures for paired transect surveys: one a leaf litter search and the other a natural cover search, relative to age, proximity to streams, rainfall events, vapor pressure deficit and season. We found that natural cover searches outperformed leaf litter searches when conducted away from streams and in the absence of rainfall. Natural cover searches performed better regardless of vapor pressure deficit and season (spring or fall). Natural cover searches detected more adults than juveniles. We recommend natural cover searches as more efficient than leaf litter searches.
Strategizing: Opening New Avenues in Latin-America. A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Reyes-Sarmiento Martha Eugenia , Rivas-Montoya Luz María
Published: March 2020

Strategizing is a research field devoid of epistemological, theoretical and methodological unity. Instead of seeing it as a disadvantage, we show how this plurality boosts the convergence of different points of view in the practice turn of strategy that challenges its conventional perspective. Through this systematic literature review we detected research opportunities in Latin-America, as well as in the categories of Strategizing such as practices and practitioners. In the first category, we suggest trust as a suitable concept for research on the social nature of practices. And in the second category, customers claim further attention as relevant actors in the creating-delivering-capturing value cycle of the business level strategy.
Cell-mediated and serology-based tests for Mycobacterium ulcerans disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. v3
Authors: S. Avumegah Michael , T. Waidyatillake Nilakshi , P. Michalski Wojtek , P. O’Brien Daniel , M. Nelson Tiffanie , Athan Eugene
Published: March 2020

Background: Buruli ulcer (BU) is a subcutaneous necrotic infection of the skin caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (M. ulcerans disease). It is the third most common human mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy. The available methods for detection of the bacilli in ulcers are microscopic detection, isolation and cultivation of the bacterium, histopathology, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These methods, although approved by the World Health Organization (WHO), have infrastructural and resource challenges in medical centres and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and/or serology-based tests have been suggested as easier and more appropriate for accurate assessment of the disease, especially in remote or underdeveloped areas. Methods: This study systematically reviewed and conducted a meta-analysis for all research aimed at developing cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and/or serology-based tests for M. ulcerans disease. Information for this review was searched through PubMed and Web of Science databases and identified up to June 2019. References from relevant articles and reports from the WHO Annual Meeting of the Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative were also used.
3D Printing Case for LED Controller v2
Authors: Nedbal Jakub
Published: March 2020

The electronics control circuit for the illuminated orbital shaker should be housed in a case to protect it from damage by short-circuit, but also to minimize injury by electrical current and fire hazard. This document is part of the Illuminated Orbital Shaker for Microalgae Culture project: Procuring Parts for Algal Shaker Assembling LED Controller Electronics 3D Printing Case for LED Controller (this document) Assembling Cooled LED Illuminator Cutting and Drilling Clear Acrylic Sheet Assembling Algal Shaker
Situação vacinal de Meningocócica C e Pneumocócica 10 valente em crianças matriculadas na educação infantil
Authors: Silva Ionara da , Santos Paula Fernanda Brandão Batista dos , Silva Bárbara Coeli Oliveira da , Andrade Fabrina Rafaela Nascimento de , Lobato Vanessa Cristina Simões Barbosa , Wesp Luiza Helena dos Santos
Published: March 2020

O estudo objetivou analisar a situação vacinal de crianças matriculadas em Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil da Zona Sul de Natal (RN), para as vacinas pneumocócica 10 valentes e meningocócica C. Trata-se de uma pesquisa epidemiológica e retrospectiva de abordagem quantitativa, realizada a partir de levantamento dos dados de 733 cartões de vacina junto aos 15 Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil na Zona Sul de Natal. Para a vacina meningocócica C, 500 (63,75%) crianças apresentaram esquema vacinal completo, 224 (30,64%) esquema vacinal incompleto, 43 (5,61%) não foram imunizadas e 6 (0,78%) falhas de registro. Em relação à vacina pneumocócica 10 valentes, 470 (60,63%) crianças estão com o esquema vacinal completo, 273 (36,88%) esquema incompleto, 19 (2,49%) não foram vacinadas e 11 (1,42%) falhas de registro. Os achados apontam uma situação vacinal abaixo da meta estabelecida pelo Programa Nacional de Imunização.
Desenvolvimento de nanogel de Copaifera reticulata sobre a lesão muscular em ratos usando fonoforese
Authors: Lima Tamyres Carla Porteglio de , Almeida Amanda Furtado de , Pacheco de Oliveira Elaine Cristina , Silva Júnior José Otávio Carrera , Ribeiro Costa Roseane Maria , Matos Areolino Pena , Gomes Madson Ralide Fonseca
Published: March 2020

A copaíba (Copaifera reticulata Ducke), planta medicinal bastante usada nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, tem difícil permeação cutânea na forma in natura, e esta permeabilidade é aumentada através do uso de nanoformulações e ainda a fonoforese, ultrassom de baixa frequência que aumenta a permeabilidade cutânea de substâncias. Sendo assim, foi analisado e comparado o efeito do óleo-resina de copaíba, in natura e de sua nanoemulsão em gel (nanogel) associado à fonoforese, na reparação muscular em ratos Wistar. Pelo método inversão de fases, formulou-se a nanoemulsão de copaíba. Esta foi incorporada ao hidrogel Carbopol® (20% nanoemulsão, 80% Carbopol®). Os animais (n = 24, machos) foram divididos em seis grupos e posteriormente foram submetidos à lesão traumática do músculo gastrocnêmio. A reparação muscular foi analisada por meio de dosagem plasmática de Aspartato Aminotransferase (AST) e Creatina Quinase (CK). Os resultados apontaram que os tratamentos de aplicação tópica do óleo-resina, de sua associação à fonoforese e desta ao nanogel foram eficazes no experimento quanto à reparação da musculatura esquelética.
How optimal cash changed by the global financial crisis? A multi-country analysis
Authors: Tekin Hasan
Published: March 2020

This article investigates the impact of the global financial crisis 2007-2009 (GFC) as well as financial constraints and governance on optimal cash decisions. Using 14,885 sample firms from eleven countries, empirical results show that constrained firms have a faster cash adjustment than unconstrained firms as confirmed by precautionary motive. Contrary to agency motive, firms in weak-governed countries have a slower cash adjustment than those in well-governed countries before the GFC. However, this picture changes after the GFC. Specifically, they increase their cash adjustments, whereas those in well-governed countries decrease their cash adjustments as supported by agency motive. Overall, optimal cash policy differs following the GFC across financial constraints and governance.