bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining students' self‐regulated learning processes and performance in an immersive virtual environment
Authors: Li Yi‐Fan , Guan Jue‐Qi , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Chen Qu , Hwang Gwo‐Jen
Published: August 2024

Background

Self‐regulated learning (SRL) is a predictive variable in students' academic performance, especially in virtual reality (VR) environments, which lack monitoring and control. However, current research on VR encounters challenges in effective interventions of cognitive and affective regulation, and visualising the SRL processes using multimodal data.

Objectives

This study aimed to analyse multimodal data to investigate the SRL processes (behaviour, cognition and affective states) and learning performance in the VR environment.

Methods

This study developed a VR‐based immersive learning system that supports SRL activities, and conducted a pilot study in an English for Geography course. A total of 21 undergraduates participated. Face tracker, electroencephalography, and learning logs were used to gather data for learning behaviour, cognition and affective states in the VR environment.

Results and Conclusions

First, the study identified three categories of learners (HG, MG and LG) within the VR environment who presented different behavioural engagement and SRL strategies. The HG exhibited the highest level of cognition and affective states, which resulted in superior performance in terms of vocabulary acquisition and retention. The MG, despite possessing a higher level of cognition, performed inadequately in other aspects, leading to no difference in vocabulary acquisition and retention from the LG. By collecting and mining multimodal data, this study helps to enrich the visual analysis of SRL processes. In addition, the results of this study help to dissect the problems of students' SRL in a VR learning environment. Furthermore, this study provides a theoretical basis and reference for the study of SRL development in immersive learning environments.
Pediatric psychiatric inpatients' perspectives of aggression management: Discernment in the doorway
Authors: Adrian Melissa , McCaffrey Graham
Published: August 2024

Problem

Aggressive behavior is common on psychiatric inpatient units. Seclusion and restraint interventions to manage patients' aggressive behavior may have the consequence of being traumatizing for patients. Pediatric psychiatric patients' perspective on the use of seclusion and restraint interventions is not present in the literature.

Methods

This hermeneutic nursing research study asked the question, “How might we understand children's experiences of seclusion and restraints on an inpatient psychiatric unit?” Four past pediatric psychiatric inpatients shared their hospitalization experiences that occurred within the previous year when they were 10 years old. The texts of the research interviews were compared to Attachment Theory for a deeper understanding of the meaning of the message.

Findings

Participants commonly described experiences with seclusion and restraints as feeling trapped and alone in a dark room. They recommended the nurses step into the room with them to help them heal. Interpretively, the rooms on inpatient units could be considered as actual and metaphorical spaces of possible harm or healing.

Conclusion

The participant's voices expand understanding of nurse's use of discernment at the doorway of a patient room to ensure the most therapeutic care is provided to the patient in these spaces through a secure nurse–patient relationship.
ITGB2 related to immune cell infiltration as a potential therapeutic target of inflammatory bowel disease using bioinformatics and functional research
Authors: Xu Rong , Du Wei , Yang Qinglong , Du Ashuai
Published: August 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory condition regarded as a major risk factor for colitis‐associated cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms of IBD remain unclear. First, five GSE data sets available in GEO were used to perform ‘batch correction’ and Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Candidate molecules were identified using CytoHubba, and their diagnostic effectiveness was predicted. The CIBERSORT algorithm evaluated the immune cell infiltration in the intestinal epithelial tissues of patients with IBD and controls. Immune cell infiltration in the IBD and control groups was determined using the least absolute shrinkage selection operator algorithm and Cox regression analysis. Finally, a total of 51 DEGs were screened, and nine hub genes were identified using CytoHubba and Cytoscape. GSE87466 and GSE193677 were used as extra data set to validate the expression of the nine hub genes. CD4‐naïve T cells, gamma–delta T cells, M1 macrophages and resting dendritic cells (DCs) are the main immune cell infiltrates in patients with IBD. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, CCR5 and integrin subunit beta 2 (ITGB2) were significantly upregulated in the IBD mouse model, and suppression of ITGB2 expression alleviated IBD inflammation in mice. Additionally, the expression of ITGB2 was upregulated in IBD‐associated colorectal cancer (CRC). The silence of ITGB2 suppressed cell proliferation and tumour growth in vitro and in vivo. ITGB2 resting DCs may provide a therapeutic strategy for IBD, and ITGB2 may be a potential diagnostic marker for IBD‐associated CRC.
Risk stratification for cardiovascular disease based on prior coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Oe Momoko , Fujihara Kazuya , Yamada Mayuko Harada , Osawa Taeko , Kitazawa Masaru , Matsubayashi Yasuhiro , Sato Takaaki , Yaguchi Yuta , Iwanaga Midori , Yamada Takaho , Sone Hirohito
Published: August 2024

Aims/Introduction

History of coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), type 2 diabetes and their combined effect on cardiovascular disease are essential for cardiovascular risk management. We investigated the association of prior CAD, prior CeVD, type 2 diabetes and their combination with the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Materials and Methods

This is a historical cohort study including 342,033 participants (aged 18–72 years) followed up for ≥5 years between 2008 and 2016. Participants were classified into eight groups (with or without prior CAD, prior CeVD and type 2 diabetes). Type 2 Diabetes was defined by fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels, and antidiabetic drug prescription. Prior and subsequent CAD and CeVD were identified according to claims using International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes, medical procedures and questionnaires. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular events.

Results

The median follow‐up period was 6.4 years. The incidence of composite cardiovascular events of CAD and CeVD in the CAD−/CeVD−, CAD+/CeVD−, CAD−/CeVD+ and CAD+/CeVD+ groups were 1.92 and 6.94, 25.14 and 31.98 per 1,000 person‐years in non‐diabetes participants, and 8.66, 18.04, 39.98 and 60.72 in type 2 diabetes patients, respectively. Hazard ratios of cardiovascular events compared with CAD−/CeVD−/non‐diabetes were 1.66 (95% confidence interval 1.55–1.78) in CAD−/CeVD−/type 2 diabetes and 1.84 (1.56–2.18) in CAD+/CeVD−/non‐diabetes. CeVD+ was linked to a 4‐7‐fold increase in the risk of cardiovascular events regardless of CAD+ or type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions

Type 2 diabetes increased the risk of cardiovascular disease as high as a history of CAD, whereas prior CeVD alone increased the risk of future CeVD without additional effects by type 2 diabetes.
Navigating through the healthcare system with atopic dermatitis: Analysing patient journeys in Germany
Authors: Tizek Lu. , Tizek Li. , Schneider S. , Wecker H. , Welzel J. , Biedermann T. , Zink A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD), which can significantly impact quality of life, is a complex, heterogeneous skin disease affecting all ages and therefore can lead to very different patient journeys. Understanding the patient journey within the healthcare system is essential for improving care outcomes.

Objectives

To explore the patient journey of individuals with AD in Germany, with a specific focus on the utilization of Internet resources throughout this process.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study using a self‐administered questionnaire was conducted from June 2021 to February 2022. Participants were recruited from dermatology private practices, a university hospital and online platforms.

Results

The study included 276 participants (62.3% female; mean age: 46.3 ± 18.4 years; mean disease duration: 26.9 ± 17.5 years; mean DLQ Index: 10.0 ± 5.6). Around 191 participants were currently receiving medical treatment, with 9.1% receiving biologic therapy. Most of the people initially contacted a GP (42.4%) and were diagnosed by a dermatologist first (57.6%). Around 47.1% were currently in treatment by a dermatologist, seeking dermatological care on average 4.5 times a year. Almost all individuals (86.2%) have already consulted more than one physician during their patient journey. Overall, participants consulted a median of five physicians, while those with severe AD consulted a median of six physicians. Initial symptoms to diagnosis and between consulting two different physicians both had a median duration of 6 months. Dissatisfaction with treatment outcomes emerged as a common reason for changing physicians. Approximately 76.4% of participants used the Internet for disease‐related information, primarily relying on Google. Overall, 63% found the information quality unsatisfactory.

Conclusions

The study underlines the widespread utilization of medical treatment and the proactive healthcare‐seeking behaviour during a long patient journey. Dissatisfaction with treatment outcomes, alternative medicine and the quality of the Internet sources emphasize the potential for improving the comprehensive disease management to improve care outcomes.
International consensus on methotrexate dosing for patients with atopic dermatitis: An eDelphi study
Authors: Caron Anouk G. M. , van Huizen Astrid M. , Musters Annelie A. H. , Gerbens Louise A. A. , Middelkamp Hup Maritza A. , Flohr Carsten , Irvine Alan D. , Vestergaard Christian , Peris Ketty , Brandling‐Bennett Heather A. , Drucker Aaron M. , Spuls Phyllis I. ,   the MTX Consensus for AD Survey Study Group
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite the widespread off‐label use of methotrexate (MTX) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), there is limited high‐quality evidence on dosing regimens and existing guidelines do not provide clear recommendations regarding dosing strategies.

Objective

The aim of this study was to achieve international consensus among AD experts to standardize the dosing regimen for MTX treatment in adults and children with AD.

Methods

An electronic Delphi (eDelphi) study was conducted from October 2021 to September 2022. Recruitment was conducted through dermatology societies and AD interest groups. Participation was open to dermatologists and dermatology residents experienced in treating AD patients with MTX. The study consisted of three online rounds. The first round was informed by a systematic review of relevant literature, and subsequent rounds were adjusted based on the results of the previous round. Participants voted on 19 proposals using a 9‐point scale (1–3 disagree, 4–6 neither agree nor disagree, 7–9 agree). Consensus was achieved when at least 70% of participants agreed, and less than 15% disagreed. Proposals that did not reach consensus in the first three rounds were discussed in a consensus meeting, where consensus was defined as less than 30% disagreement.

Results

In total, 152 participants completed Round 1, 104 (68%) completed all survey rounds, and 43 (28%) joined the consensus meeting. Consensus was achieved on 7 proposals in Round 1, 4 in Round 2 and 6 in Round 3. The final 2 proposals reached consensus during the consensus meeting. Consensus topics include test dose, start dose, maximum dose, administration route, dosing schedule, management of stopping treatment, treatment duration and folic acid supplementation.

Conclusions

This eDelphi study achieved consensus on 19 proposals related to MTX dosing for adults and children with AD. These results aim to guide prescribing decisions and encourage a standardized global approach to MTX use in AD.
Association between nurses’ personal, professional and work characteristics, and engagement in hospital‐based clinical research
Authors: Colwill Jennifer , DiCioccio Heather Condo , Bena James F. , Morrison Shannon L. , Hall Ashley , Masina Visnja , Vanek Robon , Albert Nancy M.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between demographic, professional and other personal nurse characteristics, social support factors and comfort in conducting research with nurses' level of active participation in clinical research.

Design

A prospective, cross‐sectional, correlational design was used.

Methods

Clinical nurses working in a multihospital healthcare system were recruited by email to complete an anonymous survey that used multiple valid and reliable scales to assess demographic and professional work characteristics, curiosity, grit, locus of control, perceived social support (for research activities), comfort in conducting research, and level of being research‐active. Univariate and multivariable analyses were completed.

Results

Of 310 participants, 274 (88.4%) were female and mean (SD) age was 42.9 (13.1) years. After condensing 11 levels of research activity to four categories, 179 (57.7%) were not research‐active, and 91 (29.4%), 26 (8.3%) and 14 (4.5%) were engaged at low, moderate, and high levels, respectively. Of 78 factors, 69 (88.5%) were associated with being research‐active in univariate analyses. In multivariable analysis that adjusted for age, personal experience as a patient, years as a nurse and hours in direct patient care, professionalism characteristics, higher curiosity, internal locus of control, grit perseverance, support of a nurse scientist and nurse friends, and comfort in conducting research remained associated with higher levels of being research‐active (all p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Research‐active nurses were more likely to be engaged professionally in hospital‐based activities beyond their work roles and displayed higher levels of positive psychological characteristics and mentorship that supported research capacity.

Clinical Relevance

Research‐active nurses were more likely to have internal factors and external resources that promoted higher levels of being research‐active. A strong professional governance model may enhance clinical nurses research activities.
Facial pore refining by targeting dermal and epidermal functions: Assessment across age and gender
Authors: De Tollenaere Morgane , Meunier Marie , Durduret Anaïs , Chapuis Emilie , Auriol Pascale , Auriol Daniel , Scandolera Amandine , Reynaud Romain
Published: August 2024

Background

Conspicuous facial pores are benign but represent a cosmetic concern for men and women. Recent works described dermal and epidermal impairments as clinical causes of enlarged pores. Morphological modifications of skin at the site of pores were associated with collagen density loss, possible alteration of extracellular matrix and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes.

Aims

A composition containing mannose‐6‐phosphate (Active Complex) was designed to address these different aspects of pore enlargement. In vitro and ex vivo evaluations were conducted in different models mimicking disturbance of dermal and epidermal functions. The pore refining activity of Active Complex was assessed in two clinical trials studying a Caucasian women cohort and an Asian men cohort.

Results

At the dermal level, Active Complex upregulated collagen I and decorin synthesis, and genes encoding collagens I, III, V, VII, XVII; suggesting its ability to favor collagen fiber organization and anchorage. The downregulation of matrix metalloprotease, involved in extracellular matrix degradation, reinforced the protective effect of Active Complex in the dermis. Active Complex down modulated differentiation markers in keratinocytes as well as genes involved in cell renewal. Study of reconstructed human epidermis modeling keratinocyte hyperproliferation revealed that Active Complex mitigated two markers of this state: number of nuclei in the stratum corneum and involucrin expression. Clinical trials confirmed the pore refining activity of Active Complex on men and women of different ages and ethnicities; −24% total skin pore area after 56 days of application on women, and −30.2% on men after 7 days.

Conclusions

This work demonstrates the interest to target dermal and epidermal modifications described in conspicuous pore area, especially dermis fiber organization, to address this cosmetic concern.
Will “you be found?”—Intratextual social media and going viral in the contemporary teen musical
Authors: Sottile Emry
Published: August 2024

As musical theater has gained traction with younger audiences, producers have put out numerous new shows that focus on the modern high school experience in an attempt to capture this target audience. Social media has moved beyond being an off‐stage marketing tactic and has since warped into an on‐stage plot device to feel authentic to audiences. Through analyzing Dear Evan Hansen, The Prom, and Teenage Dick, social media in contemporary theater is a proven means to stay relevant to young audiences that can highlight the unificatory and divisive nature of digital spaces with respect to twenty‐first century adolescence and identity.
KARS Mutations Impair Brain Myelination by Inducing Oligodendrocyte Deficiency: One Potential Mechanism and Improvement by Melatonin
Authors: Yu Lijia , Chen Zhilin , Zhou Xiaolong , Teng Fei , Bai Qing‐Ran , Li Lixi , Li Yunhong , Liu Ying , Zeng Qiyu , Wang Yong , Wang Meihua , Xu Yaling , Tang Xiaohui , Wang Xijin
Published: August 2024

It is very crucial to investigate key molecules that are involved in myelination to gain an understanding of brain development and injury. We have reported for the first time that pathogenic variants p.R477H and p.P505S in KARS, which encodes lysyl‐tRNA synthetase (LysRS), cause leukoencephalopathy with progressive cognitive impairment in humans. The role and action mechanisms of KARS in brain myelination during development are unknown. Here, we first generated Kars knock‐in mouse models through the CRISPR‐Cas9 system. Kars knock‐in mice displayed significant cognitive deficits. These mice also showed significantly reduced myelin density and content, as well as significantly decreased myelin thickness during development. In addition, Kars mutations significantly induced oligodendrocyte differentiation arrest and reduction in the brain white matter of mice. Mechanically, oligodendrocytes’ significantly imbalanced expression of differentiation regulators and increased capase‐3‐mediated apoptosis were observed in the brain white matter of Kars knock‐in mice. Furthermore, Kars mutations significantly reduced the aminoacylation and steady‐state level of mitochondrial tRNALys and decreased the protein expression of subunits of oxidative phosphorylation complexes in the brain white matter. Kars knock‐in mice showed decreased activity of complex IV and significantly reduced ATP production and increased reactive oxygen species in the brain white matter. Significantly increased percentages of abnormal mitochondria and mitochondrion area were observed in the oligodendrocytes of Kars knock‐in mouse brain. Finally, melatonin (a mitochondrion protectant) significantly attenuated mitochondrion and oligodendrocyte deficiency in the brain white matter of KarsR504H/P532S mice. The mice treated with melatonin also showed significantly restored myelination and cognitive function. Our study first establishes Kars knock‐in mammal models of leukoencephalopathy and cognitive impairment and indicates important roles of KARS in the regulation of mitochondria, oligodendrocyte differentiation and survival, and myelination during brain development and application prospects of melatonin in KARS (or even aaRS)‐related diseases.
Trends and status of harbor seals in Washington State, USA (1977–2023)
Authors: Pearson Scott F. , Amburgey Staci M. , Clark Casey T. , Tanedo Sarah A. , London Josh M. , Huber Harriet R. , Jeffries Steven J.
Published: August 2024

Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) numbers in the United States rebounded after the implementation of conservation measures associated with the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (MMPA). Stock estimates are a critical tool for assessing species status and management options under the MMPA and for modeling efforts designed to evaluate the role of pinnipeds in marine ecosystems. We conducted aerial surveys of harbor seal haul‐out sites between 1977 and 2023 to estimate population size and trends in four Washington State, USA, stocks: (1) Hood Canal, (2) Southern Puget Sound, (3) Washington Northern Inland Waters, and (4) the Washington portion of the Oregon‐Washington Coastal Stock. We fit a Bayesian state‐space model to estimate population trends for all stocks, as well as the Washington Coast region, and present carrying capacities and maximum net productivity levels for all stocks. The most recent population estimates for the three inland water stocks are within their optimal sustainable population range, with some evidence that the Southern Puget Sound Stock is continuing to grow.
Conserved features and diversity attributes of chimeric RNAs across accessions in four plants
Authors: Cong Jia , Zhang Sinan , Zhang Qi , Yu Xiting , Huang Jiazhi , Wei Xin , Huang Xuehui , Qiu Jie , Zhou Xiaoyi
Published: August 2024

As a non‐collinear expression form of genetic information, chimeric RNAs increase the complexity of transcriptome in diverse organisms. Although chimeric RNAs have been identified in plants, few common features have been revealed. Here, we systemically explored the landscape of chimeric RNAs across multi‐accession and multi‐tissue using pan‐genome and transcriptome data of four plants: rice, maize, soybean, and Arabidopsis. Among the four species, conserved characteristics of breakpoints and parental genes were discovered. In each species, chimeric RNAs displayed a high level of diversity among accessions, and the clustering of accessions using chimeric events was generally concordant with clustering based on genomic variants, implying a general relationship between genetic variations and chimeric RNAs. Through mass spectrometry, we confirmed a fusion protein OsNDC1‐OsGID1L2 and observed its subcellular localization, which differed from the original proteins. Phenotypic cues in transgenic rice suggest the potential functions of OsNDC1‐OsGID1L2. Moreover, an intriguing chimeric event Os01g0216500–Os01g0216900, generated by a large deletion in basmati rice, also exists in another accession without the deletion, demonstrating its convergence in evolution. Our results illuminate the characteristics and hint at the evolutionary implications of plant chimeric RNAs, which serve as a supplement to genetic variations, thus expanding our understanding of genetic diversity.
A novel Pik allele confers extended resistance to rice blast
Authors: Qi Zhongqiang , Meng Xiuli , Xu Ming , Du Yan , Yu Junjie , Song Tianqiao , Pan Xiayan , Zhang Rongsheng , Cao Huijuan , Yu Mina , Telebanco‐Yanoria Mary Jeanie , Lu Guodong , Zhou Bo , Liu Yongfeng
Published: August 2024

In the ongoing arms race between rice and Magnaporthe oryzae, the pathogen employs effectors to evade the immune response, while the host develops resistance genes to recognise these effectors and confer resistance. In this study, we identified a novel Pik allele, Pik‐W25, from wild rice WR25 through bulked‐segregant analysis, creating the Pik‐W25 NIL (Near‐isogenic Lines) named G9. Pik‐W25 conferred resistance to isolates expressing AvrPik‐C/D/E alleles. CRISPR‐Cas9 editing was used to generate transgenic lines with a loss of function in Pik‐W25‐1 and Pik‐W25‐2, resulting in loss of resistance in G9 to isolates expressing the three alleles, confirming that Pik‐W25‐induced immunity required both Pik‐W25‐1 and Pik‐W25‐2. Yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) and split luciferase complementation assays showed interactions between Pik‐W25‐1 and the three alleles, while Pik‐W25‐2 could not interact with AvrPik‐C, ‐D, and ‐E alleles with Y2H assay, indicating Pik‐W25‐1 acts as an adaptor and Pik‐W25‐2 transduces the signal to trigger resistance. The Pik‐W25 NIL exhibited enhanced field resistance to leaf and panicle blast without significant changes in morphology or development compared to the parent variety CO39, suggesting its potential for resistance breeding. These findings advance our knowledge of rice blast resistance mechanisms and offer valuable resources for effective and sustainable control strategies.
Lack of knowledge about the human papillomavirus vaccine among Brazilian adolescents: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Silva Tércia Moreira Ribeiro da , Sá Ana Carolina Micheletti G. N. de , Carrato Barbara Aguiar , Siqueira Costa Schreck Rafaela , Prates Elton Junio Sady , Oliveira Suelen Rosa de , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: August 2024

To analyze the distribution and factors associated with lack of knowledge about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among Brazilian adolescents.Cross‐sectional study using the 2019 National School Health Survey among 17,805 Brazilian students of public and private schools, aged 13–17 years. The outcome variable was “lack of knowledge about the HPV vaccine” and the explanatory variables were sociodemographic, behaviors, knowledge, and health conditions. Logistic regression model was used to calculate Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Spatial analysis techniques were used to determine the formation of clusters in the federated units with similar proportions of adolescents who were unaware of the vaccine. The lack of knowledge about the HPV vaccine was reported by 45.54% of Brazilian students. There was a higher chance of lack of knowledge having had sexual intercourse (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.20–1.70); attending public school (OR 1.72; 95%CI 1.47–2.02) and located in the Northeast Region (OR 1.35; 95%CI 1.08–1.69). The lower chance of lack of knowledge were female gender (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.35–0.48), higher maternal education (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.50–0.77) self‐rated health as Poor/very poor (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.49–0.86) and receiving contraceptive counseling (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.65–0.91). The proportion of lack of knowledge about the HPV vaccine was higher with the formation of High–High spatial clusters in the states of Maranhão, Piauí, and Pernambuco. Sociodemographic, health, and behavioral conditions and knowledge of students, as well as school characteristics, were associated with lack of knowledge about the HPV vaccine. A higher frequency of lack of knowledge about the HPV vaccine among adolescents was found in the states of the Northeastern Region.
Shielded perspectives: How visual attention moderates the link between social identity and biased judgments about police
Authors: Qu‐Lee Jennie , Balcetis Emily
Published: August 2024

Individuals from different social groups form divergent legal punishment decisions about police officers engaged in altercations with civilians despite viewing the same visual evidence. We review empirical and archival data in the legal domain to offer four vision‐based moderators of polarized legal judgments determined after viewing evidence with a focus on research relevant to police‐civilian altercations. We discuss how selective visual attention, flittering and staring tendencies, differences in cognitive engagement, and visual confirmation bias contribute to divergent legal decisions within and across social groups. By incorporating visual experience into models of legal decision‐making, we reconcile inconsistencies regarding the impact of social group identity on bias in police punishment.
Identification of a novel RHCE*Ce (829G > A) allele associated with absence of C and e antigens expression
Authors: Xuan Ci , Xinxin Fan , Piao Lv , Wenbin Kong , Yingyin Liang , Chixiang Liu , Huayou Zhou
Published: August 2024

Background

The Rh blood group antigens are encoded by the RHD and RHCE genes, which possess a remarkable degree of polymorphism owing to their high homologous structures. These variants of the RH genes can lead to absence or weak expression of antigens.

Methods

Analysis of RHCE genotyping by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR‐SSP) method specific to detect c.48G, c.48C, 109 bp insertion of IVS2, c.201A and c.307C and RhCE phenotyping, were conducted in 316 Chinese patients in previous study. One patient with discrepancy typing result was collected for further RhCE serologic typing using microcolumn gel method and tube method in saline using monoclonal antibodies. PacBio sequencing was performed for RHCE, RHD and RHAG complete sequence analysis. 3D molecular models of the protein with the wild‐type and mutant residue were generated using the DynaMut web server. The effect of the mutation on the protein function was predicted by PolyPhen‐2 software.

Results

One male patient of Chinese Han was detected with RHCE*C allele showed by PCR‐SSP method but ccEE phenotype. Further PacBio sequencing identified one normal RHCE*cE allele and one RHCE*Ce allele carried a novel c.829G > A (p.Gly277Arg) variant, which the encoded amino acid located in the ninth transmembrane segment of RhCE protein. Crystallisation analysis of 3D molecular models revealed that the substitution at Arg277 leads to the formation of additional hydrogen bonds, including weak hydrogen bonds between multiple atoms. It also results in hydrophobic ion interactions between Arg277 and Ala244. This mutation is predicted to have a damaging effect on protein function.

Conclusion

One novel RHCE*Ce allele with c.829G > A (p.Gly277Arg) variant was identified to resulting in the absence or weak expression of C and e antigens.
Virtual surgical planning and use of a 3D‐printed, patient‐specific reduction system for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of diaphyseal tibial fractures in dogs: A historic case control study
Authors: Scheuermann Logan M. , Lewis Daniel D. , Johnson Matthew D. , Biedrzycki Adam H. , Kim Stanley E.
Published: August 2024

Objective

To compare the efficacy and clinical outcomes of computed tomography (CT)‐based virtual surgical planning (VSP) and a three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed, patient‐specific reduction system to conventional indirect reduction techniques for diaphyseal tibial fractures stabilized using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in dogs.

Study design

A prospective clinical study with a historic control cohort.

Sample population

Dogs undergoing MIPO stabilization of diaphyseal tibial fractures using a custom 3D‐printed reduction system (3D‐MIPO; n = 15) or conventional indirect reduction techniques (c‐MIPO; n = 14).

Methods

Dogs were prospectively enrolled to the 3D‐MIPO group and CT scans were used to design and fabricate a custom 3D‐printed reduction system to facilitate MIPO. Medical records were searched to identify dogs for the c‐MIPO group. Pre‐, intra‐ and postoperative parameters were compared between groups.

Results

The duration from presentation until surgery was 23 h longer in the 3D‐MIPO group (p = .002). Fewer intraoperative fluoroscopic images were acquired (p < .001) and mean surgical duration was 34 min shorter in the 3D‐MIPO group (p = .014). Median postoperative tibial length, frontal alignment, and sagittal alignment were within 4 mm, 3° and 3°, respectively, of the contralateral tibia in both groups and did not differ between reduction groups (p > .1). Postoperative complications occurred in 27% and 14% of fractures in the 3D‐MIPO and c‐MIPO groups, respectively.

Conclusion

Both reduction methods yielded comparable results. Although the preoperative planning and guide preparation was time consuming, surgery times were shorter and fluoroscopy use was less in the 3D‐MIPO group.

Clinical significance

VSP and the custom 3D‐printed reduction system facilitated efficient MIPO.
Análisis crítico del discurso de la identidad de los colombianos en National Geographic Magazine (1903-1926)
Authors: Pérez Marín Mónica
Published: August 2024

Este artículo analiza los encuadres mediáticos desde los cuales la National Geographic Magazine —NGM— (1903-1926) contribuyó a la construcción de la identidad de los colombianos a comienzos del siglo XX. El argumento central del artículo es que los encuadres mediáticos encontrados están soportados por las ideologías del Destino manifiesto y del positivismo. A través de la estrategia retórica de la apropiación, los encuadres encontrados promueven dos valores asociados al Destino manifiesto: la virtud de las instituciones de Estados Unidos y la misión de transformar el mundo de acuerdo con los valores profesados por este país. En relación con la ideología del positivismo, los encuadres mediáticos la reproducen a través de la estrategia retórica de la clasificación, ya que los reportajes observan la identidad de los colombianos a través del lente de la teoría científica del darwinismo.
Resistir regímenes de evaluación en el estudio del escribir
Authors: Lillis Theresa
Published: August 2024

Este artículo se enfoca en el imaginario (Castoriadis, 1987) predominante en la investigación sobre el escribir y se pregunta, en particular, cómo los regímenes de evaluación ejercen orientaciones analíticas sobre este fenómeno. El artículo retoma algunos extractos de tres proyectos de investigación: uno sobre el escribir académico de los estudiantes (Lillis, 2001); otro sobre el escribir de los académicos para la publicación (Lillis y Curry, 2010) y un último sobre el escribir profesional de los asistentes sociales (Lillis, 2017).
Los objetivos del artículo son, primero, ilustrar el enfoque evaluativo-normativo sobre el escribir que se hace evidente en las prácticas de asunción en de los regímenes de evaluación, por parte del profesor, del evaluador y del inspector. En un segundo momento, argumentar que algunas categorías analíticas utilizadas a menudo en la investigación sobre el escribir pueden reflejar características de los regímenes de evaluación y llevar a un reconocimiento equivocado en lugar de iluminar lo que está pasando.
Por último, el artículo busca defender el valor de un enfoque de orientación etnográfico particularmente de un enfoque que resalta trayectorias de textos y personas⎯a la hora de ‘abrir’ los imaginarios de la investigación y de hacer visibles dimensiones clave de los fenómenos que estamos explorando.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Vibration Absorber Array for Vibration Mitigation of Integral Blisk
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Fangchao , Wu Jun , Zheng Changjun , Bi Chuanxing
Published: August 2024

Dynamic vibration absorber array (DVAA) is a promising technique for vibration mitigation of integral blisk. In this paper, the effectiveness of the DVAA method is experimentally validated on a piezoelectric actuators-driven vibration test rig of a blisk, which remains static during operation. Numerical analysis on the performance of DVAA is included to instruct the design of DVAA used in experiment. The finite element model is adopted for quantitatively dynamic modeling, and a novel parametric reduced order model (PROM) is presented for the electromechanical coupling system composed of blisk, DVAA, and piezoelectric actuators. Three typical modes of the blisk are addressed to illustrate the effectiveness of DVAA for the modes with different characteristics. Then, parametric study on the performance of DVAA for the selected modes is discussed. On this basis, three series of DVAs targeting the selected modes are manufactured and tuned, and single- and multimode vibration tests are conducted to quantify the performance of DVAA via sweep-frequency approach. Numerical and experimental results illustrate the excellent performance of DVAA for different types of modes of blisk. A light-weight DVAA can achieve satisfactory single- and multimode vibration attenuation performance by properly designing and tuning the DVAA, where the amplitude reduction level can reach above 85% at some cases.
Investigating the User Experience Design of Home Ventilators Through the Lens of Kansei Engineering
Authors: Li Qi , Liu Xinyi
Published: August 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a disease characterized by respiratory disorders, and its prevalence rate is on the rise worldwide. Home ventilator can replace or enhance the respiratory function of human body and alleviate the symptoms of OSAHS, and has become an important treatment, rehabilitation, and nursing equipment for patients. However, the existing products lack humanistic care in emotional level, which leads to negative emotions in the process of human–computer interaction. This study seeks to enhance the user experience of home ventilators by applying the principles of Kansei Engineering (KE). Through a principal component analysis of nine pairs of Kansei image adjectives associated with home ventilators, we concluded that users prefer home ventilators that are “friendly,” “technological,” “pleasant ,” “orderly ,” and “easy to understand.” These findings were utilized in the Kansei design of home ventilators. The effectiveness of these conclusions in improving the user experience of ventilators was subsequently validated using the PrEmo method.
Development of a Thermal Metrology Standard for Evaluation of Cold Plate Thermal Resistance as a Performance Metric
Authors: Martinez Victor A. , Caceres Carol , Ortega Alfonso
Published: August 2024

A significant number of investigations have been performed to develop and optimize cold plates for direct-to-chip cooling of processor packages. Many investigations have reported computational simulations using commercially available computational fluid dynamic tools that are compared to experimental data. Generally, the simulations and experimental data are in qualitative agreement but often not in quantitative agreement. Frequently, the experimental characterizations have high experimental uncertainty. In this study, extensive experimental evaluations are used to demonstrate the errors in experimental thermal measurements and the experimental artifacts during testing that lead to unacceptable inconsistency and uncertainty in the reported thermal resistance. By comparing experimental thermal data, such as the temperature at multiple positions on the processor lid, and using that data to extract a meaningful measure of thermal resistance, it is shown that the data uncertainty and inconsistency are primarily due to three factors: (1) inconsistency in the thermal boundary condition supplied by the thermal test vehicle (TTV) to the cold plate, (2) errors in the measurement and interpretation of the surface temperature of a solid surface, such as the heated lid surface, and (3) errors introduced by improper contact between cold plate and TTV. A standard thermal test vehicle (STTV) was engineered and used to provide reproducible thermal boundary conditions to the cold plate. An uncertainty analysis was performed in order to discriminate between the sources of inconsistencies in the reporting of thermal resistance, including parameters such as mechanical load distribution, methods for measuring the cold plate base, and TTV surface temperatures. A critical analysis of the classical thermal resistance definition was performed to emphasize its shortcomings for evaluating the performance of a cold plate. It is shown that the thermal resistance of cold plates based on heat exchanger theory better captures the physics of the heat transfer process when cold plates operate at high thermodynamic effectiveness.
Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Nozzle Design on Airlift Pump Performance
Authors: Gutiérrez-Martínez Javier , Pacheco Ibarra J. Jesus , Aguilar-Corona Alicia , Figueroa-Espinoza Bernardo
Published: August 2024

Airlift systems are widely used for mass, momentum, and energy transport, particularly in hydrothermal and oil extraction wells. Predicting the impact of nozzle design parameters, such as perforation diameters and air injection areas, remains challenging. This study experimentally investigates an annular airlift pump to understand the influence of various nozzle configurations on performance. Using radial and axial injection with different perforation counts, high-speed camera visualization categorized flow regimes (bubbly, slug, slug-churn) across different gas flow rates. Dimensional analysis assessed energy efficiency, revealing a strong dependence on submergence ratio and perforation-to-inlet pipe area ratio. A dimensionless number, analogous to a restriction coefficient, explained discrepancies with theoretical models at high Reynolds numbers. A specific dimensionless group unified the experimental results for large submergence ratios (greater than 0.8). This study provides insights into optimizing airlift pump performance by exploring the effects of nozzle configurations on transport phenomena.
Switching of kV-class Ga2O3 heterojunction vertical rectifiers
Authors: Li Jian-Sian , Chiang Chao-Ching , Wan Hsiao-Hsuan , Yu Meng-Hsun , Lin Yi-Ting , Yang Ying-Yu , Ren Fan , Liao Yu-Te , Pearton Stephen J.
Published: August 2024

Switching of vertical 6.1 kV/4A NiO/Ga2O3 rectifiers from voltages up to 1.45 kV showed reverse recovery times of 75 ns, current slew rate of 39.0 A/μs, and energy loss of ∼105 μW. These are the highest switching voltages reported for Ga2O3 rectifiers. To place the results in context, commercial 3.3 kV/5 A SiC merged PiN Schottky diodes showed reverse recovery times of 20 ns, current slew rate of 47.5 A/μs, and energy loss of ∼67 μW. The validity of comparing unpackaged experimental Ga2O3 diodes with commercial Si or SiC diodes without considering their differences in chip size and consequently in capacitive charge and ON-resistance is restricted. However, the results show the rapid progress in these devices when compared to commercial SiC rectifiers.
Impact of Land Versus Water Environments on Orthostatic Hypotension in Older Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Dunlap Emily , Alhalimi Taha , McLaurin Natalie , Tanaka Hirofumi
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common condition among older adults that increases the risk of falls. The study objectives are to determine the influence of distinct environments (water vs. land) on OH and the consequent effects of walking in these environments in older adults. Additionally, we aimed to assess the differences in response between two groups: older adults with OH and those without OH. Methods: A randomized crossover design was utilized including one session involving water walking and the other session involving land walking, with a 1- to 3-day washout period. Orthostatic hemodynamic measurements were obtained before, immediately after, and 2 hr after a 15-min walking session. Two subgroups were formed for analysis: participants with OH (n = 14, 81 ± 7 years) and participants without OH (n = 11, 84 ± 7 years). Results: Compared with the land environment, an 86% reduction in the frequency of OH episodes was noted when the older adults were immersed in water. This reduction was accompanied by greater mean arterial pressure, while participants without OH showed no such changes. The frequency of OH episodes was similar when assessed immediately after emerging from the pool following water-based walking or after land-based walking. All participants exhibited elevated mean arterial pressure immediately after water-based walking, but not after land-based walking. Two hours after walking, all participants demonstrated similar mean arterial pressure and frequency of OH episodes, regardless of the environment. Conclusions: Water immersion resulted in a substantial reduction in the frequency of OH episodes among older adults. Additionally, the frequency of OH episodes was not affected by prior walking exercise in either environment. Significance/Implication: These findings underscore the safety and potential advantages of water-based exercise for older adults dealing with OH.
Recent tropical Andean glacier retreat is unprecedented in the Holocene
Authors: Gorin Andrew L. , Shakun Jeremy D. , Jones Andrew G. , Kennedy Tori M. , Marcott Shaun A. , Goehring Brent M. , Zoet Lucas K. , Jomelli Vincent , Bromley Gordon R. M. , Mateo Emilio I. , Mark Bryan G. , Rodbell Donald T. , Gilbert Adrien , Caffee Marc W.
Published: August 2024

Tropical glaciers have retreated over recent decades, but whether the magnitude of this retreat exceeds the bounds of Holocene fluctuations is unclear. We measured cosmogenic beryllium-10 and carbon-14 concentrations in recently exposed bedrock at the margin of four glaciers spanning the tropical Andes to reconstruct their past extents relative to today. Nuclide concentrations are near zero in almost all samples, suggesting that these locations were never exposed during the Holocene. Our data imply that many glaciers in the tropics are probably now smaller than they have been in at least 11,700 years, making the tropics the first large region where this milestone has been documented.
Landmark trial may herald new era in HIV prevention
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: August 2024

Twice-yearly lenacapavir injections provide 100% protection in study in African women
Study on braiding Indigenous and Western science halted
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey , Ortega Rodrigo Pérez
Published: August 2024

After dispute over “coproduction,” U.S. National Academies takes unprecedented step of stopping $2 million study
Proof steps toward hidden structure of prime numbers
Authors: Savitsky Zack
Published: August 2024

Researchers create fresh tools to attack famed Riemann hypothesis, math’s biggest unsolved problem
Sedimentary signatures of large earthquakes along the submerged Enriquillo–Plantain Garden transpressional plate boundary, northern Caribbean
Authors: McHugh Cecilia M. , Seeber Leonardo , Gulick Sean P.S. , Magnani M. Beatrice , Hornbach Matthew , Steckler Michael S. , Wright Vashan , Leroy Sylvie , Cabiativa-Pico Victor , Dasent Jhardel , Kersh Justin , Kilburn Richard , James-Williamson Sherene
Published: August 2024

The Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault (EPGF), the southern branch of the northern Caribbean left-lateral transpressional plate boundary, has ruptured in two devastating earthquakes along the Haiti southern peninsula: the Mw 7.0, 2010 Haiti and the Mw 7.2, 2021 Nippes earthquakes. In Jamaica, the 1692 Port Royal and 1907 Great Kingston earthquakes caused widespread damage and loss of life. No large earthquakes are known from the 200-km-long Jamaica Passage segment of this plate boundary. To address these hazards, a National Science Foundation Rapid Response survey was conducted to map the EPGF in the Jamaica Passage south of Kingston, Jamaica, and east of the island of Jamaica. From the R/V Pelican we collected >50 high-resolution seismic profiles and 47 gravity cores. Event deposits (EDs) were identified from lithology, physical properties, and geochemistry and were dated in 13 cores. A robust 14C chronology was obtained for the Holocene. A Bayesian age model using OxCal 4.4 calibration was applied. Out of 58 EDs that were recognized, 50 have ages that overlap within their 95% confidence ranges. This allowed for their grouping in multiple basins located as much as 150 km apart. The significant age overlap suggests that EDs along the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden plate boundary resulted from large and potentially dangerous earthquakes. Most of these earthquakes may derive from the EPGF but also from thrust faulting at this strain-partitioned transpressional boundary. The recent increase in Coulomb stress on the EPGF from the Mw 7.2 Nippes earthquake in southwestern Haiti and the discoveries reported here enhance the significance for hazard in the Jamaica Passage.