bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of innovation decisions among Emirati female-owned small and medium enterprises
Authors: Jabeen Fauzia , Faisal Mohd Nishat , Al Matroushi Huda , Farouk Sherine
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the innovation decisions of Emirati women-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a two-phased approach. In the first phase, empirical research on 50 Emirati female entrepreneurs is conducted to discover the extent of innovation in their ventures. In the second phase, the study uses an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to prioritize factors considered important in facilitating business innovation among SMEs. The AHP model is developed with 9 criteria and 25 sub-criteria based on the previous literature. Face-to-face interviews are conducted with Emirati female entrepreneurs operating nascent (n = 10), start-up (n = 10) and established innovative (n = 10) businesses to collect data for the AHP study. The data collected are interpreted and a priority vector is assigned to each criterion and sub-criterion.

Findings

Female SME owners prioritize government policies, research and development, innovation strategy and skill development as the main criteria that influence their innovation decisions. Family support, access to external financing, social networks and the allocation of funds are the main sub-criteria affecting their decisions to be innovative. Furthermore, respondents who are in the nascent business stage consider family motivation as the greatest influence on initiating new ideas through financial and moral support. Among all respondents, the nascent business owners rank skill development the highest because they are still in the initial stages of their business journeys, and thus, obtaining these skills could help them increase innovation and success in their ventures. However, respondents in the established stage rank innovation strategy the highest.

Research limitations/implications

The study results can help policymakers and women’s associations, such as businesswomen councils, identify the specific inhibitors and facilitators linked to innovation and, thereby, help develop various effective policies to promote innovation among Emirati women-owned SMEs.

Originality/value

The study is one attempt to facilitate innovation among Emirati women-owned SMEs through its efforts to discover the determinants of innovation efforts at nascent, start-up and established business stages as defined by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2012). The study can help Emirati women-owned SMEs understand the critical factors influencing innovation and can encourage them to incorporate innovative characteristics for business growth and resilience. Furthermore, the study can provide insights for policymakers, financial institutions and non-governmental organizations on factors hindering innovation among Emirati women-owned SMEs, which may serve as a tool for creating resilience among female entrepreneurs.
Segmental differences in pharmaceutical industry and its impact on supply chain performance
Authors: Tripathi Saswati , Rangarajan Krishnamachari , Talukder Bijoy
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Pharmaceutical industry involves highly specialized business processes where strong research and development focus along with market differentiation and localization are the deciders of success. This has led to evolution of segments and complexities in supply chain. This paper aims to focus on segmental differences in supply chain performance of Indian Pharmaceutical firms.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper measures supply chain performance of select segmental players of the pharmaceutical industry using financial metrics and supply chain operations reference (SCOR) key performance indicators through a five-year timeline. The best performance results are compared across the segments to identify unique performance features, if any. The sample results are validated through hypothesis testing methodology.

Findings

This paper has evidenced that the innovators segment is performing better in cash-to-cash cycle time and supply chain working capital productivity, whereas generics segment is doing better in distribution cost efficiency and total cost to serve aspects.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is based on historical financial data of firms and measures the firm focused supply chain performance. The results may not be generalized in a global context but serve as a motivator for other researchers to take similar studies. The paper may further be analyzed with primary data of the firms to understand the segmental difference in customer focus supply chain performance measures.

Practical implications

This paper has brought out important segmental supply chain performance features of the Indian pharmaceutical firms and identified segment-specific problems by integrating SCOR KPIs and financial metrics.

Originality/value

This paper has integrated both SCOR KPIs and financial metrics to provide unique insights on segmental differences in the performance behavior of pharmaceutical supply chain.
Messaging, monetary incentives, and participation in wellness programs
Authors: Szrek Helena , Gyster Vlad , Darnowsky Phil , Farias Ana Rita
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Many companies in the USA have corporate wellness programs but are having trouble encouraging employees to take part in these programs. Even with monetary incentives, many employees do not join. The purpose of this paper is to consider whether timely reminders combined with monetary incentives improve participation in health benefit programs.

Design/methodology/approach

Employees of a large manufacturing company across multiple facilities were encouraged to enroll in a messaging service. Once a week, members received an SMS or e-mail reminder to complete a Health Risk Assessment (HRA) and Health Action Plan (HAP). The authors segmented employees based on prior year health insurance plan choice and HRA participation to analyze current HRA and HAP completion, with and without intervention.

Findings

The intervention increased completion rates 6 percent for subgroups that completed the HRA in the prior year and 34–37 percent for those that did not.

Practical implications

Corporate wellness programs should develop good communication channels with employees. The effectiveness of such programs will depend also on employee engagement.

Originality/value

With better communication, companies could raise participation in corporate wellness programmes and potentially reduce some of the monetary incentives that they currently offer.
Fluid-structure interaction on the dynamic characteristics of the hydrostatic spindle in micro-scale
Authors: Chen Dongju , Zhao You , Zha Chunqing , Liu Jingfang
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of fluid–structure interaction in micro-scale on the performance of the hydrostatic spindle and improve the analysis precision of the dynamic performance of hydrostatic spindle.

Design/methodology/approach

Dynamic analysis of hydrostatic spindle before and after fluid–structure interaction is carried out according to stiffness and damping performance of the bearing, which demonstrates that the natural frequency and peak response of the spindle are increased in the micro-scale.

Findings

It is concluded from the simulation and experimental results that there is micro-scale effect in the actual operation of the spindle system and slippage exists in the oil film flow. The error between the modal detection result and the theoretical value is within 10 per cent, which also verifies the correctness of the above conclusions.

Originality/value

This paper analyzes the changes of the bearing performance parameters at macro- and micro-scale, which present the influence of the static and dynamic performance of the spindle in the micro-scale.
A model-driven decision approach to collaborative planning and obsolescence for manufacturing operations
Authors: Kuik Swee , Diong Li
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the model-driven decision support system (DSS) for small and medium manufacturing enterprises (SMMEs) that actively participates in collaborative activities and manages the planned obsolescence in production. In dealing with the complexity of such demand and supply scenario, the optimisation models are also developed to evaluate the performance of operations practices.

Design/methodology/approach

The model-driven DSS for SMMEs, which uses the optimisation models for managing and coordinating planned obsolescence, is developed to determine the optimal manufacturing plan and minimise operating costs. A case application with the planned obsolescence and production scenario is also provided to demonstrate the approach and practical insights of DSS.

Findings

Assessing planned obsolescence in production is a challenge for manufacturing managers. A DSS for SMMEs can enable the computerised support in decision making and understand the planned obsolescence scenarios. The causal relationship of different time-varying component obsolescence and availability in production are also examined, which may have an impact on the overall operating costs for producing manufactured products.

Research limitations/implications

DSS can resolve and handle the complexity of production and planned obsolescence scenarios in manufacturing industry. The optimisation models used in the DSS excludes the variability in component wear-out life and technology cycle. In the future study, the optimisation models in DSS will be extended by taking into the uncertainty of different component wear-out life and technology cycle considerations.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates the flexibility of DSS that facilitates the optimisation models for collaborative manufacturing in planned obsolescence and achieves cost effectiveness.
Capitalism after Satoshi
Authors: Berg Chris , Davidson Sinclair , Potts Jason
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the long-run economic structure and economic policy consequences of wide-spread blockchain adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach uses institutional, organisational and evolutionary economic theory to predict consequences of blockchain innovation for economic structure (dehierarchicalisation) and then to further predict the effect of that structural change on the demand for economic policy.

Findings

The paper makes two key predictions. First, that blockchain adoption will cause both market disintermediation and organisational dehierarchicalisation. And second, that these structural changes will unwind some of the rationale for economic policy developed through the twentieth century that sought to control the effects of market power and organisational hierarchy.

Research limitations/implications

The core implication that the theoretical prediction made in this paper is that wide-spread blockchain technology adoption could reduce the need for counter-veiling economic policy, and therefore limiting the role of government.

Originality/value

The paper takes a standard prediction made about blockchain adoption, namely disintermediation (or growth of markets), and extends it to point out that the same effect will occur to organisations. It then notes that much of the rationale for economic policy, and especially industry and regulatory policy through the twentieth century was justified in order to control economic power created by hierarchical organisations. The surprising implication, then, is that blockchain adoption weakens the rationale for such economic policy. This reveals the long-run relationship between digital technological innovation and the regulatory state.
Prevalence, care-seeking behaviors and treatment cost for neonatal morbidities in Karnataka (India)
Authors: Golandaj Javeed A. , Kampli Mallikarjun S. , Hallad Jyoti S.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Around three million infants die within the first four weeks of life each year – nearly all (98%) of these deaths occur in developing countries. Approximately one million newborns die each year in India. Therefore, this study aims to determine the patterns of reported neonatal morbidity and care-seeking behavior and identify factors associated with it.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional study was conducted during November 2016. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Statistical techniques like Binary Logistic regression and chi-square test were used.

Findings

The results of the study showed that around 31% mothers of neonates reported that their neonates suffered from some kind of morbidity. Fever, jaundice, cough and cold, the low birth-weight and difficulty in breathing were the most common dangers signs reported. Birth order and mother’s knowledge of neonatal danger signs were found to be significantly associated with reporting of neonatal morbidity. In all 95% of the mothers sought care for their newborns. Among those who had problems, 59% consulted private hospitals/clinics, 30% visited District Hospital/Taluka Hospital or higher facilities and another 9% to Primary Health Centers/Community Health Centers. Further, findings show that nearly half of the neonates taken to government facilities have got free treatment, whereas an average cost of 7,156 INR were recorded for treatment, 935 INR for outpatient department and 13,774 INR for inpatient department cases.

Originality/value

There is an urgent need to implement intervention modalities that focus on increasing the level of parental education and access to treatment, and advocating the message regarding newborn danger signs during pregnancy is pinpointed.
Does trade openness affects global carbon dioxide emissions
Authors: Ansari Mohd Arshad , Haider Salman , Khan N.A.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of economic growth, international trade and energy consumption on the global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, in the case of top CO2 emitters, namely, USA, Japan, Canada, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UK, Australia, Italy, France and Spain using the annual data from 1971 to 2013.

Design/methodology/approach

For this purpose, the time series, data technique is applied. Unit root test with structural break and the bounds testing approach for cointegration in the presence of structural break is tested. Finally, a vector error correction model for the Granger causality test is applied to detect the direction of causality. The authors have used the techniques that will help in examining the structural break in the time series data.

Findings

The results reveal that their exists a long-run relationship between CO2 emissions and its determinants in the USA, Canada, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the UK, Australia, Italy, France and Spain, energy consumption is the main determinant of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the long run and for direction of causality, the authors found bidirectional causality in the long run between energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the USA, Canada, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the UK, and Granger causality running in opposite direction in the case of Australia from CO2 emissions to energy consumption was analyzed. In terms of growth-trade-pollution nexus (USA, Canada, Iran and France) hold one-way causality running from economic growth and trade openness to CO2 emissions (IV) the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is validated only for the USA. Robust policy implications can be derived from this study. First, without harming the economy, these countries can reduce the use of energy consumption for lower pollution. Second, the amount of trade should be decreased to lower the emissions because the authors find that an increase in trade does Granger cause to CO2 emissions in the long run.

Originality/value

There has been no study that investigated the relationship between CO2 emissions, real income, consumption of energy and international trade in the environmental Kuznets relation for the top CO2 emitter’s countries over the period of 1971–2013. The authors did a comparative study of the empirical finding among these nations.
On the optimal dynamic design of laminated composite folded plates: a multi-criteria decision analysis
Authors: Varshney Ayush , Khan Arshad H. , Yasin M. Yaqoob , Khan Zahid A. , Asjad Mohammad
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the multi-objective optimization of the dynamic response of isotropic and laminated composite folded plates. The dynamic analysis has been carried out using the finite element method based on the first-order shear deformation theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Hamilton’s principle has been employed for the derivation of the governing equations. Natural frequencies are obtained using the eigenvalue extraction method. The optimal combination of the crank angle, lamination scheme and boundary conditions on the natural frequencies of folded plates for their safe and optimal dynamic design has been obtained. The analysis has been carried out using finite element approach based on FSDT to obtain the dynamic equation of single- and double-fold laminated plates. In total, 15 experiments as per Taguchi’s standardL15orthogonal array have been performed. Further, standard deviation (SD) based TOPSIS method is used to perform multi-response optimization of folded plates in order to rank the combination of the input parameters.

Findings

SD integrated with TOPSIS reveals that Experiment No. 8 (crank angle=90° and anti-symmetric lamination scheme=0°/90°/0°/90°), Experiment No. 14 (crank angle=150° and anti-symmetric lamination scheme=0o/90o/0o/90o), Experiment No. 2 (crank angle=30° and anti-symmetric lamination scheme=0°/90°/0°/90°) and Experiment No. 3 (crank angle=30° and symmetric lamination scheme=0°/90°/0°/90°) occupy rank 1 for one fold, one end clamped, one fold, two ends clamped, two folds, one end clamped and two folds, two ends clamped conditions, respectively, in order to maximize the modal response corresponding to the fundamental mode.

Originality/value

SD-based technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is used to rank the process parameters. The optimum combination of the input parameters on the multi-response optimization of dynamics of the folded plates has also been evaluated using the analysis of mean (ANOM).
The link between nutrition and dental erosion: what do students know?
Authors: Ozsin Ozler Cansu , Inan-Eroglu Elif , Uzamis Tekcicek Meryem , Buyuktuncer Zehra
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to assess and compare awareness and knowledge of dental erosion among nutrition and dietetics (ND) and dental students.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. It was set in a university campus in Ankara, Turkey. In all, 947 undergraduate students (534 dental and 413 ND) with a mean age of 20.9 ± 1.99 years were included. The variables measured in this study were level of awareness and knowledge of dental erosion of students and their practice on the topic. For statistical analysis descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact and Mann–Whitney U statistics were used.

Findings

Not having heard about dental erosion was more frequently reported by ND students (33.9 per cent) (p < 0.001). Dental students had significantly higher scores in knowledge of dental erosion (11.19 ± 2.23) (p < 0.001). In both disciplines, total knowledge score was increased based on the students’ academic level (r = 0.522,p < 0.01 for dental students and r = 0.242,p < 0.01 for ND students). Their practice in terms of consumption of some acidic foods showed a difference (p < 0.001).

Originality/value

There is an inevitable need for oral health education for ND students and nutrition education for dental students to fill the knowledge gap for effective oral health. Nutrition dental education should be incorporated into undergraduate ND and dentistry curriculums and continuing education of these professionals. Furthermore, providing internships in dental facilities or clinics to undergraduate ND students that include oral health assessments, guidance on evidence-based prevention techniques, dietary counseling and referrals to dentists would provide an opportunity to gain more knowledge regarding dental-related nutrition subjects. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to determine and compare dental erosion awareness, knowledge and practice among ND and dental students. Eliminating conflicts among dietetic and dental professionals is vital for improving patient health. This interdisciplinary inclination might be a shift toward a coordinated team approach for promoting oral health, prevention of dental diseases and intervention in dental diseases.
Traditional Greek vs conventional hotel breakfast: nutritional comparison
Authors: Giazitzi Katerina , Palisidis George , Boskou George , Costarelli Vassiliki
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This study aims to assemble and nutritionally analyze three traditional Greek hotel breakfast meals (Chalkidiki, Cyclades and Crete) and compare them with the American, English and continental breakfast.

Design/methodology/approach

The traditional local breakfast foods and beverages for the breakfast compositions were selectively chosen predominantly from the website of the “Greek breakfast” initiative by Greek Chamber of Hotels and from other sources, following a thorough review of the literature. The breakfast meals were designed to be consumed by two people. The nutritional analysis of the meals was performed with the use of specially designed spreadsheets, the US Department of Agriculture Research Service and Greek food composition database.

Findings

The nutritional analysis of the English (45.9 g), American (41.6 g) and Cretan (38.8 g) breakfast meals revealed that these breakfast meals had the highest amount of total fat (per estimated portion) with the Cretan breakfast containing the largest amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (2.9 g/100 kcal). Moreover, the Cretan breakfast had also the lowest levels of sugars (2 g/100 kcal). The highest quantity of simple sugars was contained in the continental breakfast (7.2 g/100 kcal). The English breakfast had the highest sodium content (186.3 mg/100 kcal). Finally, the Cyclades breakfast had very high levels of potassium (184.4 mg/100 kcal) and Chalkidiki’s breakfast had the highest amount of calcium (65.2 mg/100 kcal). The three traditional Greek breakfasts and the three conventional breakfasts were grouped in two categories and compared nutritionally. The results show that the content of monounsaturated fats is significantly higher in Greek breakfast meals (p-value < 0.05) compared to the conventional ones.

Originality/value

This nutritional comparison could facilitate the promotion of traditional Greek breakfast meals in tourist destinations.
In vitro anti-diabetic activity of Tribulus terrestrisL. fruits extracts
Authors: AlKhaldi Kholowd , Daghestani Manal , Al-Haddad Thanaa
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the inhibition activity of Tribulus terrestris L. (T. terrestris) fruits extracts with solvents of increasing polarity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and to determine the inhibition mode of the most effective extract against both enzymes.

Design/methodology/approach

Hexane, acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of T. terrestris fruits were prepared using ultrasonic sequential extraction and analyzed for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities by specific assay for each enzyme. The modes of inhibitions were detected using Lineweaver–Burk plots.

Findings

T. terrestris fruits extracts showed inhibition activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase which was in the dose-dependent manner. Hexane extract had the highest α-glucosidase inhibition activity (IC50 = 27.28 μg/ml, p = 0.003), followed by acetone and ethanol extracts (IC50 = 60.58 μg/ml and IC50 = 84.21 μg/ml, respectively). The inhibition mode of hexane extract was noncompetitive. While acetone extract showed the highest inhibition activity against α-amylase (IC50 = 6.18 mg/ml, p = 0.002), hexane and ethanol extracts showed no significant difference (IC50 = 13.04 mg/ml and IC50 = 14.20 mg/ml, respectively, p = 0.09). The inhibition mode of acetone extract was competitive.

Originality/value

T. terrestris fruits extracts had strong inhibition activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and they can be used as a promising anti-diabetic agent.
The impact of Arab Revolution on the security of the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Al-Otaibi Saleh Zaid
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the impact of Arab Revolution on the Arabian Gulf security by applying on Yemeni Revolution. This can be achieved by analyzing the threat of Arab Spring Revolutions to the national security of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries after the breakout of demonstrations and protests in some of the member states. In addition to its analysis of threat of the Regional Security of the Gulf as a result of Yemeni Revolution and Civil War and Iranian intervention to support Houthis within light of regional anarchy and security competition according to the Neorealism and how the GCC Countries face such threats.

Design/methodology/approach

The study depended on the historical methodology to track the developments of some events related to the Gulf Security and crisis in Yemen. Moreover, it used the analytical approach to analyze the impact of Arab Revolutions and Yemeni Civil War on the Arab Gulf Security. In addition, it depended on the realistic approach to explain the security state at the national and regional level of the Arab Gulf countries within light of regional anarchy, security competition and Iranian support to Houthis “Non-State Actors” (Kenneth Waltz), as well as the offensive realism (John Mearsheimer).

Findings

The Arab Revolutions had an effect on the national security of GCC countries according to the Neorealism due to the breakout of demonstrations and protests in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Sultanate of Oman which reached to the degree of threatening the existence of the state as in Bahrain. The Gulf Regional Security is influenced by Revolution and Civil War in Yemen as a result of that Iranian support to Houthis within light of security competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia, leading to the threat of the Arabian Gulf Security as Yemen is the southern gate to the GCC Countries and having joint borders with Saudi Arabia and Sultanate of Oman. Moreover, the GCC countries dealt with that threat individually, such as, performing internal reforms, or collectively through using military force, such as Bahrain and Yemen (Offensive Realism).

Originality/value

This study is an introduction to explain the Arab Spring Revolutions, conflict in Yemen and its threat to the Arab Gulf Security according to the Neorealism based on that the GCC countries sought to keep its existence and sovereignty in confrontation to the demonstrations and internal protests and to keep the regional security in confrontation to the threats of neighboring countries such as the Civil War in Yemen and the Iranian Support to Houthis in light of the regional anarchy.
How Amazon uses metrics to drive success
Authors: Denning Stephen
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The author explains how an obsession with delivering customer value at Amazon is enabled and driven by customer-driven metrics.

Design/methodology/approach

The article describes how at Amazon, metrics are established in advance of every activity and specify what actions are expected to happen in ways that can be measured in real-time.

Findings

By virtue it’s action metrics, every activity at Amazon is in effect a genuine scientific experiment focused on whether it is delivering the value to customers.

Practical implications

Everyone is expected to be obsessed with knowing about and enhancing the impact of what they do for the customer.

Originality/value

The article offers a detailed view of the synergy between Amazon’s dedication to real-time measurement of its activities and its obsession with using those activities to deliver customer value.
Change in membrane potential induced by streptolysin O, a pore‐forming toxin: flow cytometric analysis using a voltage‐sensitive fluorescent probe and rat thymic lymphocytes
Authors: Kobayashi Miho , Nishimura Madoka , Kawamura Mina , Kamemura Norio , Nagamune Hideaki , Tabata Atsushi
Published: October 2019

Streptolysin O (SLO) is a bacterial pore‐forming toxin that is employed to permeabilize cell membranes in some biological experiments. SLO forms various types of pores with different shapes, increasing membrane ion permeability and subsequently inducing changes in membrane potential. To characterize the pores formed by SLO, the changes in membrane potential induced by SLO in rat lymphocytes were considered using flow cytometry with a voltage‐sensitive fluorescent probe, bis‐(1,3‐dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol (Oxonol). SLO caused three types of membrane potential responses accessed with Oxonol. One type induces a great decrease in Oxonol fluorescence (large hyperpolarization) that may be elicited via the increase of Ca2+‐dependent K+ permeability by SLO‐induced influx of external Ca2+. A second type is an increase in Oxonol fluorescence (depolarization) that may be caused by a nonspecific increase in membrane cation permeability. The third type is a small decrease in Oxonol fluorescence (small hyperpolarization), probably via an increase in Cl– permeability. That SLO transitionally changes membrane ion permeability may have implications in the pathology of pyogenic group streptococci infections in which SLO is thought to be one of the key virulence factors.
Social media, body image and food choices in healthy young adults: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Rounsefell Kim , Gibson Simone , McLean Siân , Blair Merran , Molenaar Annika , Brennan Linda , Truby Helen , McCaffrey Tracy A.
Published: October 2019

Aim

Negative body image increases the risk of engaging in unhealthy dieting and disordered eating patterns. This review evaluated the impact of habitual social media engagement or exposure to image‐related content on body image and food choices in healthy young adults (18‐30 years).

Methods

A systematic search of six databases of observational literature published 2005‐2019, was conducted (PROSPERO Registration No. CRD42016036588). Inclusion criteria were: studies reporting social media engagement (posting, liking, commenting) or exposure to image‐related content in healthy young adults. Outcomes were: body image (satisfaction or dissatisfaction) and food choices (healthy eating, dieting/restricting, overeating/binging). Two authors independently screened, coded and evaluated studies for methodological quality.

Results

Thirty studies were identified (n = 11 125 participants). Quantitative analysis (n = 26) identified social media engagement or exposure to image‐related content was associated with higher body dissatisfaction, dieting/restricting food, overeating, and choosing healthy foods. Qualitative analysis (n = 4) identified five themes: (i) social media encourages comparison between users, (ii) comparisons heighten feelings about the body, (iii) young adults modify their appearance to portray a perceived ideal image, (iv) young adults are aware of social media's impact on body image and food choices, however, (v) external validation via social media is pursued. Most studies (n = 17) controlled for some confounding variables (age, gender, BMI, ethnicity).

Conclusions

Social media engagement or exposure to image‐related content may negatively impact body image and food choice in some healthy young adults. Health professionals designing social media campaigns for young adults should consider image‐related content, to not heighten body dissatisfaction.
Online information on Crohn's disease in Chinese: an evaluation of its quality and readability
Authors: Bai Xiao Yin , Zhang Yong Wei , Li Ji , Li Yue , Qian Jia Ming
Published: October 2019

Objective

To assess the quality and readability of patient‐education information on Crohn's disease on the internet in China.

Methods

Baidu and Sogou were chosen as search engines, and the top 58 webpages on Crohn's disease meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated. After the data were screened, the quality of information was assessed by two specialists using a simplified DISCERN system. Different levels of official Chinese‐teaching materials were used to build a readability model to predict the readability of these information.

Results

Altogether 13 pieces of information were included in this study, all of which were derived from commercial webpages. The simplified DISCERN system found an excellent consistency in the Chinese literature, and Spearman's coefficient was 0.685, 0.556 and 0.607, respectively (P < 0.001), for publication reliability, treatment options and the total score. Most of the information lacked clear sources and conflicts of interest statements. The corresponding DISCERN scores were all below 2. In terms of treatment options, many webpages did not provide adequate information about the prognosis, possible side effects of treatment and risks of developing cancer. The scores of treatment‐related DISCERN items were all below 2 as well. The webpages did not show enough readability. Altogether 84.6% of the information exceeded the middle‐school readability level, and 69.2% exceeded the high‐school level.

Conclusions

The quality of patient‐education information on Crohn's disease on the internet in China is worrisome, with poor readability, which should be addressed by the academic community.
Detrital Zircon U‐Pb Dating of Nanshuangyashan Formation in the Jiamusi Massif, NE China and its Tectonic Implications
Authors: CUI Weilong , ZENG Zhen , ZHANG Xingzhou , LIU Zhenghong , WANG Shijie , PU Jianbin , FU Qiulin , GUO Ye
Published: October 2019

A suite of the fossil‐rich marine‐land interbedded strata (Nanshuangyashan Formation) is distributed at the eastern margin of the Jiamusi massif in the eastern Heilongjiang Province, NE China. The authors had recently discovered a suite of arkose beneath the marine‐land interbedded strata, which overlays unconformably on the Permain granite in the eastern margin of the Jiamusi massif. The LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb dating indicate that all detrital zircons from the analysed four arkose samples show the four population ages of >800 Ma, 538–481 Ma, 269–250 Ma and 223–215 Ma. The former three population ages are widely recorded in the Jiamusi‐Khanka massif and the Songnen massif. The later group is the minimal age population in the analyzed samples, limiting the sedimentation time of the arkoses occurred after the Late Triassic. At present, the minimal age population is not recorded in the Jiamusi massif, but the granites with the ages of 228–210 Ma are widely distributed in the Songnen‐Zhangguangcai Range massif and the Khanka massif. The predominantly Permian zircons are characterized by oscillatory zoning and euhedral shapes, with variable zirconεHf(t) values (–5.5 to +11.2), indicating that they were derived from mixture sources, possibly mixed with components of the Songnen‐Zhangguangcai Range massif and the Jiamusi‐Khanka massif. These results, combined with regional analyses, indicate that the closing of Mudanjiang ocean and Panthalassa ocean possibly existed from Early Permian to Late Triassic.
Chronological Constraints on Late Paleozoic Collision in the Southwest Tianshan Orogenic Belt, China: Evidence from the Baleigong Granites
Authors: HUO Hailong , CHEN Zhengle , ZHANG Qing , HAN Fengbin , ZHANG Wengao , SUN Yue , YANG Bin , TANG Yanwen
Published: October 2019

The Baleigong granites, located in the western part of the southwestern Tianshan Orogen (Kokshanyan region, China), records late Paleozoic magmatism during the late stages of convergence between the Tarim Block and the Central Tianshan Arc Terrane. We performed a detailed geochronological and geochemical study of the Baleigong granites to better constrain the nature of collisional processes in the Southwest Tianshan Orogen. The LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb zircon isotopic analyses indicate that magmatism commenced in the early Permian (∼282 Ma). The granite samples, which are characterized by high contents of SiO2(67.68–69.77 wt%) and Al2O3(13.93–14.76 wt%), are alkali‐rich and Mg‐poor, corresponding to the high‐K calc‐alkaline series. The aluminum saturation index (A/CNK) ranges from 0.93 to 1.02, indicating a metaluminous to slightly peraluminous composition. Trace element geochemistry shows depletions in Nb, Ta, and Ti, a moderately negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.40–0.56), enrichment in LREE, and depletion in HREE ((La/Yb)N=7.46–11.78). These geochemical signatures are characteristic of an I‐type granite generated from partial melting of a magmatic arc. The I‐type nature of the Baleigong granites is also supported by the main mafic minerals being Fe‐rich calcic hornblende and biotite. We suggest that the high‐K, calc‐alkaline I‐type granitic magmatism was generated by partial melting of the continental crust, possibly triggered by underplating by basaltic magma. These conditions were likely achieved in a collisional tectonic setting, thus supporting the suggestion that closure of the South Tianshan Ocean was completed prior to the Permian and was followed (in the late Paleozoic) by collision between the Tarim Block and the Central Tianshan Arc Terrane.
Detrital Zircon U–Pb Geochronology and Provenance of Bayan Obo Group, Northern Margin of North China Craton: New Implications for the Position of NCC in Rodinia
Authors: LI Changhai , LIU Zhenghong , XU Zhongyuan , DONG Xiaojie , LI Pengchuan , SHI Qiang , WANG Shijie
Published: October 2019

The paleoposition of North China Craton in Rodinia has long been in controversial. This paper mainly focuses on the U–Pb geochronological studies of detrital zircons obtained from Bayan Obo Group exposed in the Shangdu area, Inner Mongolia, aiming to provide more information for interprating this problem. Based on the acquired data, this paper comes to the following conclusions. Firstly, the depositional age of Bayan Obo Group might be from Meso– to Neoproterozoic according to the zircons U–Pb dating results. The lower succession of this group, namely Dulahala and Jianshan formations deposited between 1800 and 1650 Ma. The Halahuogete and Bilute formations deposited between 1500 and 1350 Ma. For Baiyinbaolage and Hujiertu formations, their depositional age was 1250–900 Ma. Secondly, for the provenance of Bayan Obo Group, this paper believes detrital zircons with age of 2.51–2.71 Ga and 2.00–2.48 Ga were from Guyang, Xi Ulanbulang and Zhuozi area; the Khondalite Belt provided detrital zircons with age of 1.95–1.80 Ga; zircons with age of 1.60–1.75 Ga might come from granitic rocks in Miyun Area. The magmatism after 1.60 Ga was rarely recorded in the NCC, therefore those zircons with ages younger than 1.60 Ga might come from outside of NCC. The magmatism with the same age existed in Baltic, Amazonia and Laurentia. Based on previous paleomagnetic researches, this paper proposes that NCC might receive detritus from Baltic during 1560–1350 Ma and had affinity with Laurentia and Amazonia at ∼0.9 Ga in Rodinia. Baltic, Amazonia and Laurentia might be potential provenances for non–NCC detritus in Bayan Obo Group.
Ore Genesis for Stratiform Ore Bodies of the Dongfengnanshan Copper Polymetallic Deposit in the Yanbian Area, NE China: Constraints from LA‐ICP‐MS in situ Trace Elements and Sulfide S–Pb Isotopes
Authors: LU Siyu , REN Yunsheng , YANG Qun , SUN Zhenming , HAO Yujie , SUN Xinhao
Published: October 2019

The Dongfengnanshan Cu polymetallic deposit is one representative deposit of the Tianbaoshan ore district in the Yanbian area, northeast (NE) China. There occur two types of ore bodies in this deposit, the stratiform ore bodies and vein‐type ones, controlled by the Early Permian strata and the Late Hercynian diorite intrusion, respectively. Due to the ambiguous genetic type of the stratiform ore bodies, there has been controversy on the relationship between them and vein‐type ore bodies. To determine the genetic type of stratiform ore bodies, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) in situ trace elements and S–Pb isotope analysis have been carried on the sulfides in the stratiform ore bodies. Compared with that in skarn, Mississippi Valley‐type (MVT), and epithermal deposits, sphalerite samples in the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit are significantly enriched in Fe, Mn, and In, while depleted in Ga, Ge, and Cd, which is similar to the sphalerite in volcanic‐associated massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. Co/Ni ratio of pyrrhotites in the stratiform ore bodies is similar to that in VMS‐type deposits. The concentrations of Zn and Cd of chalcopyrites are similar to those of recrystallized VMS‐type deposits. These characteristics also reflect the intermediate ore‐forming temperature of the stratiform ore bodies in this deposit. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfides are similar to those of VMS‐type deposits, reflecting that sulfur originated from the Permian Miaoling Formation. Lead isotope compositions indicate mixed‐source for lead. Moreover, the comparison of the Dongfengnanshan stratiform ore bodies with some VMS‐type deposits in China and abroad, on the trace elements and S–Pb isotope characteristics of the sulfides reveals that the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit belong to the VMS‐type, and have closely genetic relationship with the early Permian marine volcanic sedimentary rocks.
Recognition of Early Paleozoic Magmatisms in the Supposed Proterozoic Basements of Zhalantun, Great Xing'an Range, NE China
Authors: QIN Tao , GUO Rongrong , ZANG Yanqing , QIAN Cheng , WANG Yan , SI Qiuliang , SUN Wei , MA Yongfei
Published: October 2019

The Zhalantun terrane from the Xing'an massif, northeast China, was used to be considered as Proterozoic basements. However, amounts of detrital zircon ages from the meta‐sedimentary rocks deny the existence of Precambrian basements recently. Notably, magmatic rocks were barely reported to limit the exact ages of the Zhalantun basements. In this study, we collected rhyolite, gabbro and quartz diorite for zircon in‐situ U‐Pb isotopic dating, which yield crystallization ages of ∼505 Ma, ∼447 Ma and ∼125 Ma, respectively. Muscovite schist and siltstone define maximum depositional ages of ∼499 Ma and ∼489 Ma, respectively. Additionally, these dated supracrustal rocks and plutons also yield ancient detrital/xenocryst zircon ages of ∼600–1000 Ma, ∼1600–2220 Ma, ∼2400 Ma, ∼2600–2860 Ma. Based on the whole‐rock major and trace element compositions, the ∼505 Ma rhyolites display high SiO2 and alkaline contents, low Fe2O3T, TiO2 and Al2O3, and relatively high MgO and Mg#, which exhibit calc‐alkaline characteristics. These rhyolites yield fractionated REE patterns and negative Nb, Ta, Ti, Sr, P and Eu anomalies and positive Zr anomalies. The geochemistry, petrology and Lu‐Hf isotopes imply that rhyolites were derived from the partial melting of continental basalt induced by upwelling of sub‐arc mantle magmas, and then experienced fractional crystallization of plagioclase, which points to a continental arc regime. The ∼447 Ma gabbros exhibit low SiO2 and alkaline contents, high Fe2O3T, TiO2, MgO and Mg#. They show minor depletions of La and Ce, flat MREE and HREE patterns, and negative Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf anomalies. Both sub‐arc mantle and N‐MORB‐like mantle were involved in the formation of the gabbros, indicative of a probable back‐arc basin tectonic setting. Given that, the previously believed Proterozoic supracrustal rocks and several plutons from the Zhalantun Precambrian basements were proved to be Paleozoic to Mesozoic rocks, among which these Paleozoic magmatic rocks were generally related to subduction regime. So far, none Proterozoic rocks have been identified from the Zhalantun Precambrian basement, though some ∼600–3210 Ma ancient detrital/xenocryst zircons were reported. Combined with ancient zircon ages and newly reported ∼2.5 Ga and ∼1.8 Ga granites from the south of the Zhalantun, therefore, the Precambrian rocks probably once exposed in the Zhalantun while they were re‐worked and consumed during later long tectonic evolutionary history, resulting in absence of Precambrian rocks in the Zhalantun.
Carboniferous Highly Fractionated I‐type Granites from the Kalamaili Fault Zone, Eastern Xinjiang, NW China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications
Authors: SONG Peng , WANG Tao , TONG Ying , ZHANG Jianjun , HUANG He , ZHANG Lei , QIN Qie , SHEN Huan
Published: October 2019

Carboniferous magmatism is one of the most important tectonothermal events in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). However, the final closure time of the Kalamaili Ocean between East Junggar and Harlik Mountain is still debated. Early Carboniferous (332 Ma) and late Carboniferous (307–298 Ma) granitic magmatism from Kalamaili fault zone have been recognized by LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb dating. They are both metaluminous highly fractionated I‐type and belong to the high‐K calc‐alkaline. The granitoids for early Carboniferous have zircon εHf(t) values of –5.1 to +8.5 with Hf model ages (TDM2) of 1.78–0.83Ga, suggesting a mixed magma source of juvenile material with old continental crust. Furthermore, those for late Carboniferous have much younger heterogeneous zircon εHf(t) values (+5.1 to +13.6) with Hf model ages (TDM2=1.03–0.45 Ga) that are also indicative of juvenile components with a small involvement of old continental crust. Based on whole‐rock geochemical and zircon isotopic features, these high‐K granitoids were derived from melting of heterogeneous crustal sources or through mixing of old continental crust with juvenile components and minor AFC (assimilation and fractional crystallization). The juvenile components probably originated from underplated basaltic magmas in response to asthenospheric upwelling. These Carboniferous highly fractionated granites in the Kalamaili fault zone were probably emplaced in a post‐collisional extensional setting and suggested vertical continental crustal growth in the southern CAOB, which is the same or like most granitoids in CAOB. This study provides new evidence for determining the post‐accretionary evolution of the southern CAOB. In combination with data from other granitoids in these two terranes, the Early Carboniferous Heiguniangshan pluton represents the initial record of post‐collisional environment, suggesting that the final collision between the East Junggar and Harlik Mountain might have occurred before 332 Ma.
A New Species of Coniopteris moguqiensis sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic Wanbao Formation in Eastern Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: ZHANG Yujin , LIU Bingcai , LIANG Fei
Published: October 2019

In recent years, an increasing number of plant fossil leaves and petrified woods have been discovered from the Middle Jurassic Wanbao Formation in Moguqi Town of Inner Mongolia, NE China. Here, we describe a new species of Coniopteris moguqiensis sp. nov. preserved as a fragment with fertile and sterile pinnules. The sterile ultimate pinnules are elongate ovate with sphenopteriod type venation, and fertile pinnules are usually isolated, bipinnate at least with the sorus apical, elliptical, 1 mm in diameter; sporangia are almost globular, 100–150 μm in diameter, and the annulus is vertical. In situ spores are rounded‐triangular in polar view, 25–30 μm in diameter with sides straight and slightly convex; trilete, laesurae are thin and slightly straight; the exine surface is usually psilate under the light microscope but finely reticuloid sculptured on the proximal view under a scanning electronic microscope. The fern genus Coniopteris usually suggests a warm and humid environment, which is consistent with the palaeoclimatic conditions of petrified wood and megafossil plants. The new discovery further supplements the floral composition of the Wanbao Formation, providing new material for understanding the evolutionary trend and classification of Coniopteris.