bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic human resource management in the context of environmental crises: A COVID‐19 test
Authors: Minbaeva Dana B. , Navrbjerg Steen E.
Published: January 2023

This article explores the gaps in strategic human resource management (SHRM) research exposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic in order to guide future SHRM research in the context of environmental crises. Using evidence from Danish companies and public organizations collected using a mixed‐methods sequential design, we discuss whether existing SHRM frameworks can adequately frame and deliver the academic knowledge needed to address the novel challenges posed by the pandemic. We formulate guidelines for future research that will shape discussions of the role of SHRM in building organizational resilience in the face of environmental crises.
Recovery of walking in nonambulatory children with chronic spinal cord injuries: Case series
Authors: Howland Dena R. , Trimble Shelley A. , Fox Emily J. , Tester Nicole J. , Spiess Martina R. , Senesac Claudia R. , Kleim Jeffrey A. , Spierre Louise Z. , Rose Dorian K. , Johns Jeffery S. , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Reier Paul J. , Behrman Andrea L.
Published: January 2023

The immature central nervous system is recognized as having substantial neuroplastic capacity. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that rehabilitation can exploit that potential and elicit reciprocal walking in nonambulatory children with chronic, severe (i.e., lower extremity motor score < 10/50) spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Seven male subjects (3–12 years of age) who were at least 1‐year post‐SCI and incapable of discrete leg movements believed to be required for walking, enrolled in activity‐based locomotor training (ABLT; clinicaltrials.gov NCT00488280). Six children completed the study. Following a minimum of 49 sessions of ABLT, three of the six children achieved walking with reverse rolling walkers. Stepping development, however, was not accompanied by improvement in discrete leg movements as underscored by the persistence of synergistic movements and little change in lower extremity motor scores. Interestingly, acoustic startle responses exhibited by the three responding children suggested preserved reticulospinal inputs to circuitry below the level of injury capable of mediating leg movements. On the other hand, no indication of corticospinal integrity was obtained with transcranial magnetic stimulation evoked responses in the same individuals. These findings suggest some children who are not predicted to improve motor and locomotor function may have a reserve of adaptive plasticity that can emerge in response to rehabilitative strategies such as ABLT. Further studies are warranted to determine whether a critical need exists to re‐examine rehabilitation approaches for pediatric SCI with poor prognosis for any ambulatory recovery.
Validation of a machine learning technique for segmentation and pose estimation in single plane fluoroscopy
Authors: Broberg Jordan S. , Chen Joanna , Jensen Andrew , Banks Scott A. , Teeter Matthew G.
Published: January 2023

Kinematics of total knee replacements (TKR) play an important role in assessing the success of a procedure and would be a valuable addition to clinical practice; however, measuring TKR kinematics is time consuming and labour intensive. Recently, an automatic single‐plane fluoroscopic method utilizing machine learning has been developed to facilitate a quick and simple process for measuring TKR kinematics. This study aimed to validate the new automatic single‐plane technique using biplanar radiostereometric analysis (RSA) as the gold standard. Twenty‐four knees were imaged at various angles of flexion in a dedicated RSA lab and 113 image pairs were obtained. Only the lateral RSA images were used for the automatic single‐plane technique to simulate single‐plane fluoroscopy. Two networks helped automate the kinematics measurement process, one segmented implant components and the other generated an initial pose estimate for the optimization algorithm. Kinematics obtained via the automatic single plane and manual biplane techniques were compared using root‐mean‐square error and Bland–Altman plots. Two observers measured the kinematics using the automated technique and results were compared with assess reproducibility. Root‐mean‐square errors were 0.8 mm for anterior–posterior translation, 0.5 mm for superior–inferior translation, 2.6 mm for medial–lateral translation, 1.0° for flexion–extension, 1.2° for abduction–adduction, and 1.7° for internal–external rotation. Reproducibility, reported as root‐mean‐square errors between operator measurements, was submillimeter for in‐plane translations and below 2° for all rotations. Clinical Significance: The advantages of the automated single plane technique should aid in the kinematic measurement process and help researchers and clinicians perform TKR kinematic analyses.
Finite element analysis of sacral‐alar‐iliac screw fixation for sacroiliac joint dislocation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Cheng Yucheng , Diarra Mohamed diaty , Chen Erman , Hou Weiduo , Xin Zengfeng , Pan Zhijun , Li Weixu
Published: January 2023

The percutaneous sacroiliac (SI) screw is a common fixation option for posterior ring disruption in pelvic fractures. However, SI screw placement is difficult and can injure adjacent neurovascular structures. The sacral‐alar‐iliac screw (SAI) is a safe, reliable free‐hand sacral pelvic fixation technique. To investigate the biomechanical stability of SAI for SI joint dislocation, finite element analysis was performed in unstable Tile‐Type B and C pelvic ring injuries. The displacement in S1 (fixation of a unilateral S1 segment with one SI screw), TS1 (fixation of the S1 segment with a transsacra 1 screw), TS2 (fixation of the S2 segment with a transsacra 2 screw), S1AI, and S2AI exceeded the normal SI joint mobility. Sufficient stability after SI joint dislocation was obtained with (TS1 + TS2), (TS2 + S1), (S1AI + S2AI + rod), (S1AI + S2AI), and (S1 + S2AI + S1 pedicle) fixation. The TS1 + TS2 group had the smallest displacement and lowest peak screw stress, followed by (S1 + S2AI + S1 pedicle) placement. Our findings suggest that SAI screws are a valuable option for SI joint dislocation.
Modeling migration and movement of gray bats
Authors: Holliday Cory , Wisby Joseph P. , Roby Piper L. , Samoray Stephen T. , Vannatta Jessica M.
Published: January 2023

Managing landscapes for migratory species is challenging when migratory movement patterns are unknown. Researchers have collected sufficient data to understand summer and winter habitat use for federally listed bats, but movement between these habitats in spring and fall has not been studied extensively. In addition, movement within summer habitat is less well understood than the roosting requirements. To initiate a preliminary understanding of movement patterns of gray bats (Myotis grisescens), we gathered all occurrence and band recovery data available within the range of the species to model movement. By weighting the pathways using the population of winter and summer locations (i.e., cave roosts), we created a heat map demonstrating the likelihood of landscape use by gray bats including nightly foraging, migration, and roost switching. The resulting map highlighted 2 major areas of use during spring and fall migration: 3 high likelihood pathways through central Tennessee and 1 primary migration route between northern Arkansas and central Missouri, USA. Although future data could influence the accuracy of this map, the representation in its current form can be used to anticipate bat presence when considering industrial development such as wind turbine siting.
Investigating potential for competition between migratory caribou and introduced muskoxen
Authors: Brodeur Alexis , Leblond Mathieu , Brodeur Vincent , Taillon Joëlle , Côté Steeve D.
Published: January 2023

Several caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations co‐occur with endemic or introduced populations of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), which has led to concerns about the potential competition between the species, especially in regions where the growth of muskoxen populations coincides with caribou declines. We evaluated the potential for competition between migratory caribou and an introduced muskoxen population in northern Québec, Canada, at multiple spatial scales, from 2017 to 2019. We investigated space use and habitat selection patterns of satellite‐collared caribou and muskoxen, and analyzed fecal samples using DNA metabarcoding to assess diet overlap. Annual overlap between ranges was low and occurred primarily during caribou spring migrations on the coast of Hudson Bay, and during summer on the coast of Ungava Bay. During spring, muskoxen selected shrub‐dominated areas close to the coast, whereas caribou selected rock‐substrate tundra and low elevations within their overlapping ranges. Thus, co‐occurrence was low and remained limited to the vicinity of the Hudson Bay. In summer, muskoxen selected productive coastal areas and caribou selected erect‐shrub tundra; both species selected prostrate‐shrub tundra. This led to a higher co‐occurrence in the Ungava Bay study area relative to the Hudson Bay study area. We found similarities in the diets of the 2 species at the plant family level, with shrubs being commonly consumed by both species across seasons. We conclude that, at a broad spatial scale, there was limited potential for seasonal space use and diet overlap between caribou and muskoxen in our study area. Still, multiple sources of uncertainty remain such as local impacts of herbivory by muskoxen, demographic and distribution patterns of both species, trophic interactions with predators, shared diseases and parasites, and climate change. These sources of uncertainty could be mitigated through the elaboration of local management plans and community‐based monitoring.
Compression of the Vertebral Artery by the Thyroid Cartilage Causing Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency
Authors: Spence Ryland N. , Shumrick Christopher , Tarro John
Published: January 2023

Background

This retrospective case report describes a rare presentation of VBI in a young male patient.

Aims

Share a rare cause of VBI in a young patient.

Materials & Methods

The patient presented with recurrent episodes of dizziness and a history of several cerebellar infarcts. Imaging revealed the right vertebral artery was being mechanically compressed by the right superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage during mouth opening. Surgical resection of the right superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage was performed.

Results

Intraoperative angiography revealed a right vertebral artery without compression during mouth opening.

Discussion

Clinicians should consider the thyroid cartilage as a potential source of recurrent VBI due to mechanical compression of the VA.

Conclusion

Resection of the causative portion of the thyroid cartilage resolved the compression in this case, and should be employed in similar cases. Laryngoscope, 133:1214–1217, 2023
Optimal deployment of cultivated land quality monitoring points based on satellite image‐driven assessment and improved spatial simulated annealing
Authors: Yang Wenhao , Peng Yiping , Lin Chenjie , Yang Hao , Cheng Xinrong , Wu Xiaofang , Wen Ya , Liu Zhenhua
Published: January 2023

The deployment of scientific and reasonable cultivated land quality (CLQ) monitoring points can provide timely and accurate information on the current situation and changes in CLQ. The conventional method of selecting CLQ monitoring points are based on the CLQ of land use patches including different grades of large patches, which reduces the reliability of monitoring CLQ. Moreover, the conventional method mainly considers only CLQ, resulting in the inaccessibility of some monitoring points. There exist knowledge gaps in deploying reliable CLQ monitoring sites in the present. Thus, to improve the reliability of CLQ monitoring, this study presented a novel approach for deploying CLQ monitoring points. The pixel‐scale CLQ was firstly estimated using the genetic algorithm‐back propagation neural network (GA‐BPNN) model and LANDSAT image‐derived predictors. Then, the stratified sampling model and the improved spatial simulated annealing algorithm (ISSA), considering both slope and road accessibility were applied to deploy monitoring points. The results highlighted that (1) the pixel‐scale CLQ data were more reasonable than the patch‐scale CLQ data with different grades. (2) A total of 132 monitoring points using the stratified sampling model and ISSA were finally identified in the study area, which can effectively avoid the inaccessible places. Thus, the results based on the novel approach proposed in this study provide a scientific basis and technical support for obtaining the optimal CLQ monitoring points.
Photothermal Solid Slippery Surfaces with Rapid Self‐Healing, Improved Anti/De‐Icing and Excellent Stability
Authors: Tan Shengda , Han Xiao , Cheng Shuman , Guo Pu , Wang Xuan , Che Pengda , Jin Rongyu , Jiang Lei , Heng Liping
Published: January 2023

Icing phenomenon that occurs universally in nature and industry gets a great impact on human life. Over the past decades, extensive efforts have been made for a wide range of anti‐icing/deicing surfaces, but the preparation of anti‐icing/deicing interfaces that combine stability, rapid self‐healing and excellent anti‐icing/deicing performance remains a challenge. In this study, a photothermal solid slippery surface with excellent comprehensive performance is prepared by integrating cellulose acetate film, carbon nanotubes with paraffin wax (CCP). Apart from the excellent anti‐icing and deicing properties at −17 ± 1.0 °C under 1 sun illumination, the surface can further achieve deicing at temperatures as low as −22 ± 1.0 °C under infrared light. The fabricated surface also exhibits great stability when placed in harsh conditions such as underwater or ultra‐low temperature environments for over 30 days. Even when suffering from physical damage, the prepared surface can rapidly self‐repair under 1 sun illumination or near‐infrared (NIR) illumination within 16.0 ± 1.5 s. Due to the rapid and repeatable self‐healing performance, the lubricating properties of the interface material do not deteriorate even after 50 repeated abrasing‐repairing cycles. The photothermal solid slippery surface possesses wide‐ranging applications and commercial value at high latitude and altitude regions.
Criteria of structural durability proof regarding testing time for substituting of steel by aluminium components by the example of commercial vehicle wheels
Authors: Sonsino C. M. , Breitenberger M. , Krause I. , Wallmichrath M.
Published: January 2023

Der experimentelle Nachweis der Betriebsfestigkeit von Sicherheitsbauteilen stützt sich auf eine schädigungsäquivalente Reduzierung des Bemessungskollektives auf ein Versuchskollektiv mit verkürztem Umfang unter Berücksichtigung statistisch begründeter Sicherheitsfaktoren. Historisch bedingt, wurden entsprechende Versuchskollektive zunächst für Bauteile aus Stahl anhand von Wöhlerlinien für Stahl, durch Anwendung der Palmgren‐Miner Regel mit der Modifikation nach Haibach, vorgenommen. Bei der späteren Einführung von Aluminiumbauteilen stellte sich allerdings die Frage, ob der für Stahlbauteile entwickelte Sicherheitsnachweis ohne Änderung übernommen werden kann. Bedingt durch die gegenüber Stahl unterschiedlichen Neigungen der Wöhlerlinien vor und nach dem Abknickpunkt, ergeben die für Stahlbauteile abgeleiteten Versuchskollektive bei Aluminiumbauteilen eine geringere Schädigung im Vergleich zum Bemessungskollektiv. Aus diesem Grund muss, bei Verwendung eines für Stahlbauteile entwickelten Versuchskollektives oder einer Erprobungsstrecke, der geringeren Schädigung bei Aluminiumbauteilen mit einer Erhöhung der Versuchslaufzeit begegnet werden. Am Beispiel von Nutzfahrzeugrädern aus Stahl und Aluminium mit vergleichbaren höchstbeanspruchten Stellen werden die werkstoffbedingten Sachverhalte im Hinblick auf die Versuchslaufzeit für Aluminiumbauteile dargestellt.
Integrated Multi‐Cohort Analysis of the Parkinson's Disease Gut Metagenome
Authors: Boktor Joseph C. , Sharon Gil , Verhagen Metman Leo A. , Hall Deborah A. , Engen Phillip A. , Zreloff Zoe , Hakim Daniel J. , Bostick John W. , Ousey James , Lange Danielle , Humphrey Gregory , Ackermann Gail , Carlin Martha , Knight Rob , Keshavarzian Ali , Mazmanian Sarkis K.
Published: January 2023

Background

The gut microbiome is altered in several neurologic disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objectives

The aim is to profile the fecal gut metagenome in PD for alterations in microbial composition, taxon abundance, metabolic pathways, and microbial gene products, and their relationship with disease progression.

Methods

Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was conducted on 244 stool donors from two independent cohorts in the United States, including individuals with PD (n = 48, n = 47, respectively), environmental household controls (HC, n = 29, n = 30), and community population controls (PC, n = 41, n = 49). Microbial features consistently altered in PD compared to HC and PC subjects were identified. Data were cross‐referenced to public metagenomic data sets from two previous studies in Germany and China to determine generalizable microbiome features.

Results

We find several significantly altered taxa between PD and controls within the two cohorts sequenced in this study. Analysis across global cohorts returns consistent changes only inIntestinimonas butyriciproducens. Pathway enrichment analysis reveals disruptions in microbial carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and increased amino acid and nucleotide metabolism in PD. Global gene‐level signatures indicate an increased response to oxidative stress, decreased cellular growth and microbial motility, and disrupted intercommunity signaling.

Conclusions

A metagenomic meta‐analysis of PD shows consistent and novel alterations in functional metabolic potential and microbial gene abundance across four independent studies from three continents. These data reveal that stereotypic changes in the functional potential of the gut microbiome are a consistent feature of PD, highlighting potential diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for future research. © 2023 The Authors.Movement Disorderspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Implementation of a myasthenia gravis drug‐disease interaction clinical decision support tool reduces prescribing of high‐risk medications
Authors: Barra Megan E. , Webb Andrew J. , Roberts Russel J. , Ross Marjorie , Hallisey Robert , Szumita Paul , Guidon Amanda C.
Published: January 2023

Introduction/Aims

High‐risk medication exposure is a modifiable risk factor for myasthenic exacerbation and crisis. We evaluated whether real‐time electronic clinical decision support (CDS) was effective in reducing the rate of prescribing potentially high‐risk medications to avoid or use with caution in patients with myasthenia gravis.

Methods

An expert panel reviewed the available drug‐disease pairings and associated severity levels to activate the alerts for CDS. All unique alerts activated in both inpatient and outpatient contexts were analyzed over a two‐year period. Clinical context, alert severity, medication class, and alert action were collected. The primary outcome was alert override rate. Secondary outcomes included the percentage of unique medication exposures avoided and predictors of alert override.

Results

During the analysis period, 2817 unique alerts fired, representing 830 distinct patient‐medication exposures for 577 unique patients. The overall alert override rate was 85% (80.3% for inpatient alerts and 95.8% for outpatient alerts). Of unique medication‐patient exposures, 19% were avoided because of the alert. Assigned alert severity of “contraindicated” were less likely to be overridden (odds ratio [OR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32–0.56), as well as alerts activated during evening staffing (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55–0.87).

Discussion

Implementation of a myasthenia gravis drug‐disease interaction alert reduced overall patient exposure to potentially harmful medications by approximately 19%. Future optimization includes enhanced provider and pharmacist education. Further refinement of alert logic criteria to optimize medication risk reduction and reduce alert fatigue is warranted to support clinicians in prescribing and reduce electronic health record time burden.
A novel coupled thermo‐mechanical solution for layered isotropic media under various time‐dependent loadings
Authors: Zhao Yong Zhi , Ai Zhi Yong
Published: January 2023

This study proposes a novel coupled thermo‐mechanical solution for the response of layered isotropic media subjected to time‐varying loads by applying the transformed differential quadrature method (TDQM). Different from the methods of dealing with time partial derivatives with the Laplace transform, this solution discretizes the temporal domain according to the differential quadrature rule, resulting in a more convergent solution under various time‐varying loads. Then, the governing equations are transformed into the Hankel transformed domain that can be solved by the proposed TDQM. Examples are examined to verify the proposed solution and to discuss the convergence of the method. Meanwhile, the coupled thermo‐mechanical responses of the media subjected to time‐harmonic loads are obtained by the TDQM and the method using the Laplace transform, respectively. Comparisons are made to show the better convergence and efficiency of the TDQM. Furthermore, key parameters including the linear expansion coefficients, the thermal diffusivity and the stratification are investigated. Compared with the traditional differential quadrature method (DQM), the TDQM introduces the integral transform theorem to simplify the derivation process and reduce the number of algebraic equations. Consequently, it avoids the difficulty of large‐scale matrix inversion when solving multi‐dimensional problems, and divides the solution process into small‐scale matrix inversion and numerical transform inversion, which has advantages in solution accuracy and efficiency.
Prevalence and determinants of medication adherence among patients taking antihypertensive medications in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis 2010–2021
Authors: Shin Jinhee , Konlan Kennedy Diema
Published: January 2023

Aim

This study synthesized the prevalence and determinants of hypertension medication adherence.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis through systematic search in PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane library and Google Scholar, from 2010 to 2021.

Methods

Screening was conducted and reported according to PRISMA criteria, and ten studies identified according to predetermined criteria. The studies were evaluated using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. Analysis was done using the narrative synthesis method. Prevalence data were examined using random effects meta‐analysis in Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis version 3.

Results

The overall prevalence of medication adherence was 34.1%, and determinants of medication adherence were the ability to attain hypertension control; hypertension knowledge; and treatment‐related factors including belief of the drug efficacy, having commodities, sociocultural and financial‐related factors. It is imperative to develop, test and use a comprehensive hypertension medication adherence tool that is culturally congruent to Africa.
Discussing racism in healthcare: A qualitative study of reflections by graduate nursing students
Authors: Odzakovic Elzana , Huus Karina , Ahlberg Beth Maina , Bradby Hannah , Hamed Sarah , Thaper‐Björkert Suruchi , Björk Maria
Published: January 2023

Aim

The aim is to illustrate and analyse reflections from graduate nursing students over their experience of discussing racism in healthcare in an educational intervention.

Design

A qualitative, descriptive design was adopted.

Methods

Data were collected through written reflections and analysed through content analysis. In total, 81 students participated in the intervention; 39 paediatric and 42 public health care nursing students. Of those, 27 participants gave consent to have their written reflections included in the study.

Results

Three main categories were developed in the content analysis of student reflections: (a) the implicit embeddedness of racism in healthcare organization; (b) the effect of racism on interactions with patients; and (c) a growing awareness of one's own understanding of racism. This study indicates that student nurses discussed racism as relevant to understanding good clinical practice for the benefit of patients and work‐based wellbeing of staff. This recognition of the organizational nature of racism warrants nursing leaders and managers to include racism as a social determinant of health in the undergraduate and graduate curricula to educate the next generation of nursing about racism.
High art down net: Conceptualizing a citizen arts philanthropy with ethical codes and a digital system
Authors: Chen Yu
Published: January 2023

This research aims to offer a new perspective of art philanthropy, different than the traditional one, that focuses on citizen's desire for and support to art as one of the most important, collective heritage of human society. It conceptually proposes the citizen arts philanthropy (CAP) system, as well as its application in the form of a digital platform. The research proposition is based on a cross‐disciplinary review of literature on the history of arts, patronage and philanthropy, arts and philanthropy ethics, participatory philanthropy, evolution of stakeholders in the art world, and a digital citizen governance process. Analysis of the existing literature leads to the CAP conceptualization with the subsystem of artistic creation; financial, social, and practical engagement; and collective activities. Each subsystem sets its ethical codes to assure the ethics of arts philanthropy. The CAP system may be realized with a digital platform with registration, art and art philanthropy ethics setting, art selection and art philanthropy action. The digital platform is conceptualized as a collective design with citizen governance, including actors, domain, and process and includes the platform registration, art and art philanthropy ethics setting, art selection and art philanthropy action. The overall design of the CAP system offers a direct engagement of citizens in arts and arts philanthropy and assures that citizens have equalized rights and responsibilities regarding art selection and creation. It further contributes to a new ethics of arts and arts philanthropy and the ecosystem of the art world.
Sustaining land and people over time: Relationships with successor landowners on conservation easements
Authors: Rissman Adena R. , Kazer Alex , DeMets Catie , Martell Emilee
Published: January 2023

Conservation is increasingly recognized and funded on private lands. Making conservation last despite turnover in people requires maintaining social relationships. For example, conservation easements (CEs), also called conservation covenants, are legal agreements for private land conservation typically expected to last in perpetuity, yet their public benefits depend on successor landowners.

We focus on the social relations in stewarding lands held by successor landowners who purchased or inherited a property after the conservation agreement was in place. We conducted 38 semi‐structured interviews with key informants, conservation organization staff and successors who own conserved properties in Wisconsin, USA.

These interviews revealed the importance of the relationship between conservation organization staff and landowners and the roles of trust, shared goals, meaning‐making and power. These social relationships can influence the land management choices of landowners and compliance enforcement approaches of conservation organizations.

In light of these findings, policymakers and professionals should consider rapid outreach to new owners of conserved properties and greater investments in landowner relationships to build multiple dimensions of trust, connect on shared goals and help landowners find positive meaning in conservation agreements. We recommend documenting these personal dimensions of conservation for future staff, whose effectiveness in the field depends on their ability to make conservation policy salient for particular people and places.

Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Registration of ‘S16‐5503GT’ soybean cultivar with high yield, broad adaptation, and glyphosate tolerance
Authors: Chen P. , Ali M. L. , Shannon G. , Vieira C. C. , Lee Y.‐C. , Nascimento E. F. , Granja M. O. , Lee D. , Crisel M. , Smothers S. , Clubb M. , Selves S. , Scaboo A. , Usovsky M. , Nguyen H. T. , Li Z. , Mitchum M. G. , Averitt B. , Bond J. , Meinhardt C. , Li S. , Gillen A. M. , Mengistu A. , Robbins R. T. , Mozzoni L. A. , Zhang B. , Smith J. R. , Moseley D.
Published: January 2023

‘S16‐5503GT’ (Reg. no. CV‐555, PI 700002) is a semi‐determinate, late‐maturity group IV (relative maturity, 4.8), glyphosate‐tolerant, high‐yielding soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar developed and released in 2021 by the University of Missouri‐Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center (MU‐FDREEC) soybean breeding program. Southern U.S. growers’ preference for high‐yielding, early‐maturing cultivars with glyphosate tolerance and broad disease resistance motivated the development of S16‐5503GT soybean. It was evaluated in a total of 92 environments across 12 U.S. mid‐southern states from 2017 to 2021 for yield and agronomic traits. Across all testing environments, S16‐5503GT yielded 4,258 kg ha−1, which was equivalent to 108% of the non‐Xtend check mean and 102% of the Xtend check mean, ranking in the top 19% overall. In the 2021 Southern State Variety Trials, S16‐5503GT yielded 4,455 kg ha−1 and ranked in the top 43% overall. S16‐5503GT is resistant to soybean cyst nematode races 3 (HG type 5.7) and 5 (HG type 2.5.7) and moderately resistant to race 2 (HG type 1.2.5.7). It is also resistant to southern root‐knot nematode, reniform nematode, frogeye leaf spot, charcoal rot, and brown stem rot and is tolerant to extreme salinity conditions. The broad disease resistance package combined with high‐yielding performance and wide adaptability across multiple mid‐southern states make S16‐5503GT an excellent cultivar choice for soybean growers in the southern United States, where late‐maturity group IV varieties are in demand.
Effect of chemotherapy (with and without radiotherapy) on the intelligence of children and adolescents treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia; a meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Shu‐Chun , Legerstee Jeroen S. , van Bellinghen Marc , Lemiere Jurgen , Sleurs Charlotte , Segers Heidi , Danckaerts Marina , Dierckx Bram
Published: January 2023

Objective

This meta‐analysis assesses cognitive functioning in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia post‐treatment who were treated with either chemotherapy‐only (CT‐only) or in combination with radiation therapy (CTRT).

Methods

The databases Pubmed and PsychInfo were searched between 1‐1‐2000 and 31‐12‐2021. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis (version 2).

Results

Mean weighted intelligence after treatment was 100.2 (number of studies n = 51, 95% CI: 98.8–101.5). For CT‐only, it was 100.8 (95% CI: 99.5–102.2) and for CTRT 97.8 (95% CI: 95.9–100.2). Compared to recruited healthy controls, treated children had on average lower IQ scores (n = 23, mean difference −7.8, 95% CI: −10.7 to −5.0, p < 0.001). When looking only at studies using controls recruited from the patient's family, results remained significant (n = 5, mean difference −6.0, 95% CI: −8.6 to −3.5, p = 0.001). Meta‐regressions aimed at identifying predictors of IQ after treatment failed to find an effect for sex or age. We could demonstrate an effect of time between diagnosis and IQ measurement for the CTRT treated patient (B = −0.26, 95% CI: −0.40 to −0.1, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

IQ scores of patients treated with CT‐only or CTRT treatment regimens did not differ from the normative population. However, compared to recruited control groups, patients showed lower mean IQ scores. The Flynn effect and/or selection effects may play a role in this discrepancy. Considering time since diagnosis may have a significant impact on IQ, at least in CTRT treated patients, long‐term clinical follow‐up of neurocognitive development may be prudent to detect possible (late) neurocognitive effects.
A qualitative study of patients with Cancer of Unknown Primary: Perceptions of communication, understanding of diagnosis and genomic testing, and information needs
Authors: Wolyniec Kamil , O’Callaghan Clare , Fisher Krista , Jessica Sharp , Tothill Richard W. , Bowtell David , Linda Mileshkin , Schofield Penelope
Published: January 2023

Objective

Patients with Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) commonly report poor understanding of their illness and high levels of psychological distress. Despite the potential benefits to CUP patients, there is a paucity of research exploring the reasons behind poor understanding of a CUP diagnosis. The aim of this study was to understand patients' experiences of communication with doctors, their understanding of diagnosis and the role of genomic testing, as well as their information needs.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews explored CUP patients' perceptions of communication with their doctors, understanding of their illness, and their needs regarding medical information. Qualitative inductive thematic analysis of transcribed audio‐recordings was employed.

Setting/Participants

Nineteen patients were recruited from within a prospective cohort study involving routine genomic testing of CUP patients.

Results

CUP patients had varied perceptions of communication with doctors as well as different levels of need, readiness, and capacity for information. Some patients felt well understood and supported by their doctors while others did not. Many patients reported feeling overwhelmed and shocked when receiving their cancer diagnosis and emphasized the importance of family support in receiving and understanding medical information. While patients understood the implications of genomic testing for treatment and diagnosis, few had a detailed understanding of genomic testing.

Conclusions

Patients' experience of communication and understanding of CUP could be potentially improved by clinicians' assessment of the communication style preferred by each patient and their family and the development of online resources to meet their evolving information needs.
Dissecting the genetic architecture of leaf morphology traits in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wizcek) using genome‐wide association study
Authors: Chiteri Kevin O. , Chiranjeevi Shivani , Jubery Talukder Zaki , Rairdin Ashlyn , Dutta Somak , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar , Singh Arti
Published: January 2023

Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wizcek) is an important pulse crop, increasingly used as a source of protein, fiber, low fat, carbohydrates, minerals, and bioactive compounds in human diets. Mungbean is a dicot plant with trifoliate leaves. The primary component of many plant functions, including photosynthesis, light interception, and canopy structure, are leaves. The objectives were to investigate leaf morphological attributes, use image analysis to extract leaf morphological traits from photos from the Iowa Mungbean Diversity (IMD) panel, create a regression model to predict leaflet area, and undertake association mapping. We collected over 5000 leaf images of the IMD panel consisting of 484 accessions over 2 years (2020 and 2021) with two replications per experiment. Leaf traits were extracted using image analysis, analyzed, and used for association mapping. Morphological diversity included leaflet type (oval or lobed), leaflet size (small, medium, large), lobed angle (shallow, deep), and vein coloration (green, purple). A regression model was developed to predict each ovate leaflet's area (adjusted R2 = 0.97; residual standard errors of < = 1.10). The candidate genes Vradi01g07560, Vradi05g01240, Vradi02g05730, and Vradi03g00440 are associated with multiple traits (length, width, perimeter, and area) across the leaflets (left, terminal, and right). These are suitable candidate genes for further investigation in their role in leaf development, growth, and function. Future studies will be needed to correlate the observed traits discussed here with yield or important agronomic traits for use as phenotypic or genotypic markers in marker‐aided selection methods for mungbean crop improvement.
Structural investigation of CDCA3‐Cdh1 protein–protein interactions using in vitro studies and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Barbhuiya Tabassum Khair , Fisher Mark , Boittier Eric D. , Bolderson Emma , O'Byrne Kenneth J. , Richard Derek J. , Adams Mark Nathaniel , Gandhi Neha S.
Published: January 2023

The anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase and its cofactor, Cdh1, regulate the expression of several cell‐cycle proteins and their functions during mitosis. Levels of the protein cell division cycle‐associated protein 3 (CDCA3), which is functionally required for mitotic entry, are regulated by APC/CCdh1. CDCA3 is an intrinsically disordered protein and contains both C‐terminal KEN box and D‐box recognition motifs, enabling binding to Cdh1. Our previous findings demonstrate that CDCA3 has a phosphorylation‐dependent non‐canonical ABBA‐like motif within the linker region bridging these two recognition motifs and is required for efficient binding to Cdh1. Here, we sought to identify and further characterize additional residues that participate within this ABBA‐like motif using detailed in vitro experiments and in silico modeling studies. We identified the role of H‐bonds, hydrophobic and ionic interactions across the CDCA3 ABBA‐like motif in the linker region between KEN and D‐box motifs. This linker region adopts a well‐defined structure when bound to Cdh1 in the presence of phosphorylation. Upon alanine mutation, the structure of this region is lost, leading to higher flexibility, and alteration in affinities due to binding to alternate sites on Cdh1. Our findings identify roles for the anchoring residues in the non‐canonical ABBA‐like motif to promote binding to the APC/CCdh1 and regulation of CDCA3 protein levels.
Genetic encoding of 3‐nitro‐tyrosine reveals the impacts of 14‐3‐3 nitration on client binding and dephosphorylation
Authors: Zhu Phillip , Nguyen Kyle T. , Estelle Aidan B. , Sluchanko Nikolai N. , Mehl Ryan A. , Cooley Richard B.
Published: January 2023

14‐3‐3 proteins are central hub regulators of hundreds of phosphorylated “client” proteins. They are subject to over 60 post‐translational modifications (PTMs), yet little is known how these PTMs alter 14‐3‐3 function and its ability to regulate downstream signaling pathways. An often neglected, but well‐documented 14‐3‐3 PTM found under physiological and immune‐stimulatory conditions is the conversion of tyrosine to 3‐nitro‐tyrosine at several Tyr sites, two of which are located at sites considered important for 14‐3‐3 function: Y130 (β‐isoform numbering) is located in the primary phospho‐client peptide‐binding groove, while Y213 is found on a secondary binding site that engages with clients for full 14‐3‐3/client complex formation and client regulation. By genetically encoding 3‐nitro‐tyrosine, we sought to understand if nitration at Y130 and Y213 effectively modulated 14‐3‐3 structure, function, and client complexation. The 1.5 Å resolution crystal structure of 14‐3‐3 nitrated at Y130 showed the nitro group altered the conformation of key residues in the primary binding site, while functional studies confirmed client proteins failed to bind this variant of 14‐3‐3. But, in contrast to other client‐binding deficient variants, it did not localize to the nucleus. The 1.9 Å resolution structure of 14‐3‐3 nitrated at Y213 revealed unusual flexibility of its C‐terminal α‐helix resulting in domain swapping, suggesting additional structural plasticity though its relevance is not clear as this nitrated form retained its ability to bind clients. Collectively, our data suggest that nitration of 14‐3‐3 will alter downstream signaling systems, and if uncontrolled could result in global dysregulation of the 14‐3‐3 interactome.
Consistent methods for fat‐free mass, creatinine clearance, and glomerular filtration rate to describe renal function from neonates to adults
Authors: O'Hanlon Conor J. , Holford Nick , Sumpter Anita , Al‐Sallami Hesham S.
Published: January 2023

Quantifying the effect of kidney disease on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is important when describing variability in the clearance of drugs eliminated by the kidney. We aimed to develop a continuous model for renal function (RF) from prematurity to adulthood based on consistent models for fat‐free mass (FFM), creatinine production rate (CPR), and GFR. A model for fractional FFM in premature neonates to adults was developed using pooled data from 4462 subjects and 2847 FFM observations. It was found that girls have an FFM higher than that predicted from adult women based on height, total body mass, and sex, and boys have an FFM lower than adult men until around the onset of puberty, when it approaches adult male values. Data from 108 subjects with measurements of serum creatinine (Scr) and GFR were used to construct a model for CPR. Creatinine clearance was predicted using a model for CPR (based on FFM, postmenstrual age, and sex) and Scr that avoids discontinuous predictions between neonates, children, and adults. Individual CPR may then be used with individual Scr to predict the estimated GFR (eGFR; eGFR = CPR/Scr). A previously published model for human GFR based on 1153 GFR observations in 923 subjects without known kidney disease was updated using the model for fractional FFM to predict individual size and age‐consistent values for the expected normal GFR (nGFR). Individual renal function was then calculated using RF = eGFR/nGFR.
Al‐based Isoreticular Metal‐Organic Frameworks with MIL‐53 Topology as Effective Adsorbents in Methane Purification
Authors: Wamba Honore N. , Singh Narendra , Dalakoti Suman , Divekar Swapnil , Arya Aarti , Tagne Kuate Alain C. , Ngoune Jean , Dasgupta Soumen
Published: January 2023

In the present investigation, an isoreticular series of Al‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with MIL‐53 topology namely, MIL‐53(Al)‐FA, MIL‐53(Al)‐BDC, MIL‐53(Al)‐NDC and MIL‐53(Al)‐BPDC formed by organic linkers with different molecular size and correlated porosity were examined for their adsorption capacity for C3H8, C3H6, C2H4, and CH4, and C3H8/CH4, C3H6/CH4, C2H4/CH4 separation selectivity. C3H8 and C3H6 adsorption is found to be sensitive to van der Waals forces and increases with increasing micropore volume of the MOFs. Ideal Adsorption Solution Theory (IAST) has been applied to estimate binary C3H8/CH4, C3H6/CH4 (C3/C1), and C2H4/CH4 (C2/C1) selectivity. The MOFs investigated have shown high C3/C1 selectivity with MIL‐53(Al)‐FA exhibiting exceptional C3H8/CH4 and C3H6/CH4 selectivity of 330 and 246, respectively, for the 5 : 95 (v/v) mixtures. MIL‐53(Al)‐FA also exhibited the highest C2/C1 selectivity among them. The high affinity of MIL‐53 Al‐based MOFs for C3 and C2 hydrocarbons over C1 make them suitable as adsorbents for methane purification.
Design and Fabrication of Anticancer Drug‐Loaded Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) Micelles as Controlled Release System
Authors: Gökçe Kocabay Özlem , İsmail Osman
Published: January 2023

In this study, doxorubicin (DOX) loaded polymeric micelles (PMs) were synthesized based on biodegradable poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCEC) triblock copolymers. So four parameters (shaking speed (rpm) X1, time of contact (hour) X2, amount of triethylamine (TEA) (μL) X3, DOX% X4) were optimized. Then by adding valspodar (PSC 833) or D‐α‐Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS 1000) to the formulations DOX/PSC 833‐PMs or DOX/TPGS 1000‐PMs were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method. The synthesized micelles exhibited high drug‐loading encapsulation efficiency (>78.98 %), high stability, and pH‐dependent drug release. The results showed that the encapsulation efficiencies were not compromised by co‐encapsulation of two agents. Finally, it was observed that the association of both DOX and PSC 833 or both DOX and TPGS 1000 within a single micelle formulation elicited the most soluble DOX as compared to DOX loaded formulations (DOX‐PMs) while using a lower amount of polymer compared to separated micelle formulations.
An efficient caching security approach for content‐centric mobile networks in internet of things systems
Authors: Du Zhuang , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Wu Guowei , Hsiao Kuei‐Fang
Published: January 2023

With the expansion of internet of things (IoT), the IP‐based network architecture has been difficult to support the development of IoT. Content‐centric mobile networking (CCMN) models are based on naming the content to get rid of address‐space scarcity, caching the content at intermediate nodes to provide efficient data delivery, which can solve the development bottleneck of IoT. The in‐network caching is a key factor to enable practical deployments of CCMN. And it is also subject to serious security threats of cache pollution attacks (CPA), which can tamper the distribution of content and reduce the advantages of built‐in cache. In addition, the identity and trust mechanism of mobile devices are also important factors hindering the deployment of CCMN. However, existing caching security mechanisms cannot be applied directly, because the features of the built‐in cache, including ubiquity, mobility, and heterogeneity, bring new challenges on designing the caching security mechanism against CPA. In this article, we propose a lightweight CPA detection and defense approach for CCMN. We first model the attack and defense process of CPA as a dynamic game, which can optimize the performance of the attack detection. Then, we adopt popularity analysis to detect CPA, and accurately estimate the current network and attack state by a logical regression algorithm. Our design can also intelligently maintain the identity and trust mechanism. Finally, we design a punishment mechanism to deal with the attackers. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our approach can detect CPA efficiently, mitigate the impact of CPA effectively. Our game model can reduce the impact of locality‐disruption attack and false‐locality attack by 60% and 30%, respectively, compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods. When the game reaches Nash equilibrium, our model can reduce the impact of CPA on cache hit ratio by 55% on average.