bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EKSISTENSI MURAL SEBAGAI AKTIVASI RUANG PUBLIK DI LINGKUNGAN KOTA PADANG
Authors: Riski Muhammad , Heldi Heldi
Published: November 2022

The presence of murals can be found in several public spaces in Padang City. It's not something new, but the presence of mural still gets pros and cons. Murals in public spaces have different forms, techniques, functions and meanings because they affect the purpose and function of the place. The aim of the author is to examine the presence of murals in public spaces to describe the form (visual), techniques, function of murals, styles (patterns) and the meaning of murals in public spaces in Padang City, with the title "The Existence of Murals as Activation of Public Spaces inPadang City". Data were collected using observation, interview and documentation techniques. The results of the research on the presence of murals in the public space of the city of Padang, the writer can conclude quite well, It's just that it takes development and observation from the artist when making a mural in a public space, because the presence of a mural in a public space is not just a desire, but it can also provide a new perspective for the general public who see and enjoy mural work in publicspaces.Kata kunci : Mural, Aktivasi, Ruang Publik, Bentuk, Teknik, Fungsi, Corak danMakna Mural, Kota Padang
PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PICTURE AND PICTURE MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SENI RUPA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA
Authors: Rahma Sari Yulia , Hakim Ramalis
Published: November 2022

In the teaching and learning process the teacher plays an important role in guiding students to be active. Because teachers who are active and creative can create a conducive situation in providing subject matter. But for that we need an appropriate learning model when the authors make  preliminary observations, the writer observes that the teacher still uses less appropriate learning models so that the classroom atmosphere is boring because the teacher uses the media jus  a blackboard, delivery by lecture, lack of feedback between teachers and students. This causes a reduction in student interest in learning which has an impact on the low learning outcomes of students in learning fine arts. Based on the google scholar search, the authors found many studies that examined the use of the picrture and picture learning model, therefore the authors examined the use of the picture and picture learning model. The purpose of writing scientific articles is to determine the accuracy of using the picture and picture learning model as a result of learning fine arts. The method that I use in this research is literature study. The data that the authors get comes from the aritkel related to the variables. The writer got this artiekel from Google Schlar, which numbered 12 reference articles, that the average learning outcome after using the picture and picture learning model was 78.97. From these conclusions it proves that after using the picture and pictrure model it can increase studentKeywords: Picture And Picture Learning Model, Learning Outcomes, FineArt
釋《上博七•吳命》簡９之“■日”
Authors: 李 詠健
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
《上博七•吳命》簡9有“■日”一詞，整理者隸作“■日”，讀爲“望日”。復旦讀書會將“■”改釋爲“暑”；郭永秉改讀爲“曙”；陳偉、沈培釋爲“是”；王連成釋爲“堤”。馮勝君將字形改隸作“■”，但在釋讀上仍從整理者説，釋爲“望”。本文綜考各家説法，認爲馮氏釋“■”爲“■（望）”最爲可信，惟“望”應讀爲“明”。“望”、“明”古音同屬明紐陽部，音近可通，二字於古籍中亦有相通例證。從文義上看，簡文“明日”，正相當於《左傳》中的“詰朝”，都是指交戰之期。要之，簡文“自明日以往，比五六日”，即“自明天開始，連續五六天”之意。
備註：由於系統所限，部分特殊文字未能顯示，在此僅以■代替，相關原整文字煩請查看PDF檔案。不便之處，敬請見諒。
Much has already been written since the publication of the seventh volume of The Chu Bamboo Slips of Warring States period collected at the Shanghai Museum (上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書), yet part of its contents remains undeciphered. This article attempts to elucidate the term “■日” from bamboo slip no. 9 of Wu-ming in three ways: character’s form, sound and meaning. After thoroughly examining the existing research, I agree with the opinion of Feng Sheng-Jun that “■” should be defined as “■”. Nevertheless, differing from the interpretation given by Feng, I believe that “■” should be read as “明” instead of “望” in the bamboo texts. The term “■日” is tantamount to “詰朝” found in Zuozhuan, which means “tomorrow”. In the context of Wu-ming, “明日” indicates the date of outbreak of war.
Remark:Limited by the system, we cannot display certain special Chinese characters here. Please refer to the PDF file to view those characters. Thank you for your understanding.
何冠環：《攀龍附鳳：北宋潞州上黨李氏外戚將門研究》
Authors: 喬 東山
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

2013年5月，何冠環先生出版了《攀龍附鳳：北宋潞州上黨李氏外戚將門研究》（以下簡稱《攀龍附鳳》）。本書除緒言、餘論、附録外，分五章對李氏外戚將門做了研究。主要内容如下：

緒言介紹了以往的研究成果及本書的寫作過程。第一章《從龍功臣：北宋潞州上黨李氏外戚將門的起家者李處耘》對李氏在北宋的第一代李處耘（920—966）做了研究。論述了李處耘的家世、早年經歷、在北宋初的軍功以及貶死於淄州的情況。第二章《功比衛霍：宋太宗朝外戚名將李繼隆》叙述了李處耘長子李繼隆（950—1005）在宋太祖（927—976，960—976在位）、太宗（939—997，976—997在位）朝（主要是太宗朝）的仕宦和戎馬生涯。第三章《老將知兵：李繼隆與景德之役（1004）》論述了李繼隆在真宗（968—1022，997—1022在位）朝的情況，特别是他在景德之役中的表現。第四章《克紹箕裘：宋初西北邊將李繼和事迹考述》叙述了李處耘幼子李繼和（963—1008）在西北邊境領兵作戰及在京城管領禁軍的軍事生涯。第五章《三代爲將：北宋上黨李氏外戚將門第三代傳人李昭亮事迹考述———兼論宋仁宗重用外戚》考述了李氏第三代、李繼隆子李昭亮（993—1063）的生平事迹，論述了宋仁宗（1010—1062，1022—1063在位）重用外戚的情況。“餘論”首先對全書主要内容作了總結，其次就宋代文武關係、宋代君主對外戚態度等問題提出了看法。書後有兩個附録：其一考述了李繼隆參加的宋遼唐河、徐河之戰，其二列出了李氏家族在北宋的世系表。(撮要取自內文首段)
清代的後山詩評與詩史定位
Authors: 吳 淑鈿
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

陳師道的詩在宋代的評價十分正面，元代方回更力舉爲江西三宗之一，明代則其人其詩，毁譽參半。至清代，後山詩鮮見好評，論者指爲惡詩、鈍根、枯槁、無味，乾隆間，只紀昀間有持平之論。到近代，同光體詩人纔將他放入中國古典詩歌的源流發展中，作風格的正面肯定，予以唐宋詩史的重要席位。本文擬考察清代以來的後山詩接受史，希望釐出有清一代，後山詩在衆多的負面評價中流傳下來的曲折過程，對清代宋詩學的研究作重要補充。

The poems of Chen Shidao (Houshan) received very positive reviews during the Song Dynasty. Honored by Fang Hui during the Yuan Dynasty as one of the Three Masters of the Jiangxi Poetry School, Chen was hailed as one of the best emulators of Du Fu. Song Poetry, especially the style of the Jiangxi School, was belittled during the Ming Dynasty. Chen’s poems, being examined through their emulation of Du Fu, received both criticism and praise. Chen was rarely acclaimed during the Qing Dynasty. His poems were denounced as awkward, slow-witted, withered and dull. During the reign of Qianlong, Ji Yun was arguably the only one who occasionally made fair comments on his work. It was not until the early modern period that Chen’s style was recognized by the Tong Guang poets as having an important place in the history of Tang and Song poetry. This paper endeavors to explore the history of reception of Chen’s poems since the Qing Dynasty, aiming to trace the course of transmission of Chen’s poetry in the midst of all the negative reviews. Hopefully this will contribute an important supplementary dimension to the study of Song poetics in the Qing Dynasty.
《大誥》尹氏及有關問題
Authors: 李 學勤
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文結合傳世史料及出土材料，提出“尹氏”似並非由“作册尹”、“内史尹”省簡而來，“尹氏”中的“尹”當源於周初之人史佚的氏。史佚即作册逸，食采於尹，故以尹爲族氏。“尹氏”即指在周朝世官制度下，世爲史官之長的史佚子孫。周朝的尹氏一直傳流到東遷以後。

It is generally believed that Yin Shi in Da Gao 大誥is an abbreviation of the titles Zuoce Yin 作册尹 and Neishi Yin 内史尹. However, this paper argues that Yin is the family name of Shi Yi 史佚, who was one of the Zuoce Yi 作册逸 dated back to the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Shi Yi owned his fief at the place of Yin, which became his family name. It was a hereditary right that the descendants of Shi Yi being the chief of court recorders, who had managed to keep this tradition after the capital was moved eastward to Luo Yang.
上元夫人：從升仙導師到多情仙姝———道教對中國小説文體發展的貢獻
Authors: 孫 昌武
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

《漢武帝内傳》是早期道教綜合經典傳授、仙藥授受、修道方式和相關古老傳説等諸多要素形成的經典，也被看做具有相當藝術水準的志怪小説作品。女仙上元夫人是這部作品裏的主角之一，以西王母配角身份出現。她接受西王母教示，訓誨漢武帝，向他傳授經戒，是人間帝王的升仙導師。到唐代，在李白等人的詩裏，特别是在裴鉶《傳奇》的《封陟》篇裏，她完全脱卸了神仙面貌，被表現爲一位執著、坦率地追求愛情的多情仙姝。南北朝時期流傳一批西王母女兒（養女）或隨侍降臨（謫降）人世、與人間男子結下姻緣的傳説，從側面提供了這一演變的根據和脈絡。在道教“世俗化”、“藝術化”過程中，從《漢武帝内傳》到《封陟》裏上元夫人形象的這一演變提供了一個典型例子，體現道教對於中國小説文體發展所發揮的重要作用，也是道教影響古代文學發展的一例。

The Inner Biography of Emperor Wu of the Han is an early Daoist scripture that contains elements of scriptural transmission, bestowal of transcendent elixir, cultivation methods, and relevant legends of ancient times. It is also regarded as a fiction of “recording the uncanny” with a high level of aesthetic accomplishment. In the book, the transcendent Lady High Prime is one of the main characters; she debuts in a supporting role of Queen Mother of the West, under the instruction of whom the Lady teaches Emperor Wu of the Han (156 BC-87 BC; r. 141 BC-87 BC) and transmits scriptural teaching and rules. Therefore, she is the teacher of the transcendence-seeking emperor of the human world. In the Tang, however, in the poetry of Li Bai and others, as well as in the “Feng Zhi” story in Chuanqi (Transmission of the Marvels) by Pei Xing, she is depicted as having sloughed off her guise as a transcendent and become a nymph who chastely and straightforwardly pursues love. Relevant legends in circulation during the Northern and Southern dynasties period tell stories about the adopted daughters or attendant maids who descended (or were demoted) to the human world and fell in love with mortal men. They offer an indirect outline of the source and development of this tradition. When Daoism underwent the processes of “secularization” and “becoming an artful representation,” we find a typical example in the changes in the image of Lady High Prime as seen in the Inner Biography of Emperor Wu of the Han and the “Feng Zhi” story. This example illustrates an important impact that Daoism had on the development of Chinese fiction genres. It is also an example of how Daoism influenced classical Chinese literature.
宗教人物傳記的寫作策略：《高僧傳》的神聖修辭學
Authors: 黄 自鴻
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

奠定佛教人物傳記傳統和分類的《高僧傳》受到傳記學者重視，認爲是中國傳記的一個高峰，從“傳叙文學”的角度來看，該部傳記“富於人性的描寫”。然而，與一般强調事實的傳記比較，《高僧傳》最引人注目的當屬衆多高僧的神異本領。在目前的研究基礎上延伸，本文從傳記文學的角度重新審視《高僧傳》的特色，包括撰作動機、神異情節、編選角度、傳主個性、襯托人物、空間和背景等。通過“神”與“人”、“聖”與“俗”的雙重“神聖修辭學”，慧皎筆下的高僧擁有打動讀者的神聖特質，藉此宣揚佛法。

In the view of “biographical literature,” Biographies of Eminent Monks is “full of humanity description” and is considered as a climax of Chinese biography; for the non-Buddhists, however, the most striking characteristic of Eminent Monks should be the miraculous ability of the biographees. To extend the current studies, this paper attempts to re-evaluate the features of Eminent Monks by investigating Hui Jiao’s writing motivation, the mystic plots, the criteria of selection, the personality of biographees, the secondary characters, space and background, etc. This research suggests that Eminent Monks uses a dual “holy rhetoric” — superhuman / human and holy / mundane — to impress the readers and propagate Buddhism.
洪邁《萬首唐人絶句》辨證———以五絶爲中心
Authors: 葉 楊曦
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

2013年，宋版《唐人絶句》在日本神保町一誠堂舊書店以天價售賣，引發各界關注。《唐人絶句》即《萬首唐人絶句》，是宋人洪邁所編的詩歌總集。歷代對其毁譽參半，一方面它保存了大量的唐代詩歌，另一方面其中也有誤收、錯收、重收等訛誤情況。本文以内中五言絶句部分爲中心，主要從時代誤斷、作者誤植、體例誤判和詩作重見四個方面探討此書之錯訛闕失問題，並簡要分析致誤緣由，以期較爲客觀理性地看待其文獻價值。

In 2013, the Song edition Quatrains by Tang Poets was sold at an astronomical price by Isseido Booksellers in Jimbocho of Japan. Quatrains by Tang Poets, also named as Ten Thousand Quatrains by Tang poets is a collection of poems edited by Hong Mai in the Song Dynasty. During various dynasties, the scholars had both positive and negative comments on it. On the one hand, this collection had collected a lot of Tang poems; on the other hand, there were also many errors in it, such as the wrong collection, the repeated collection and so on. This paper mainly focuses on five-character quatrains and exploring in four aspects where those problems lie; that is, mistakes in dynasties, mistakes in poets, errors in styles and the repeated collection. It also briefly analyses the causes for errors. Thus, the author hopes to evaluate its documental significance objectively and rationally.
詞論與實踐：以周濟《存審軒詞》爲中心之考察
Authors: 余 佳韻
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

周濟（1781—1839）爲確立常州詞論的重要人物，影響了清代中葉以降至民國時期的詞壇。雖然學界對周濟詞論的論述頗多，然而並未對周濟詞作所體現的詞學現象進行較深入的分析。《存審軒詞》爲周濟早年至中年的詞作總集，成書年代介於《詞辨序》、《介存齋論詞雜著》以及《宋四家詞選》之間，正好能與周濟詞學理論建構過程的軌迹互爲比對。

本文著眼於周濟詞論與詞作實踐。首先析理周濟詞情的兩種層次，以及他如何通過詠物詞落實個人的寄託説，藉此與浙派區别。其次對照周濟詞論與詞作的創作特徵，觀察周濟詞學理論完備之前，他對白石、稼軒以及清真等詞作的模擬，以辨明他早年受浙西詞派的影響程度。最後從周濟詞作中梳理四家門徑之説的形成端倪，補充學界對周濟“由浙至常”此一詞學轉向研究未足之處。

Zhou Ji (1781—1839) is a person of great influence on Ci’s theories from the middle Qing dynasty to Early Republican China. Most of the researchers have mentioned the importance of Zhou Ji’s Ci theory; however, the contemporary researches of the relationship between his Ci theory and works are still insufficient. Cunshenxuanci is Zhou Ji’s collections of Ci from his early to middle years, which is written among ‘Cibianxu,’ “Jiecunzhailuncizazhu” and “Songsijiacixuan.” It is not only a reveal of his talent for Ci, but also the reflection of the transitive procedure from Zhe Xi to Chang Zhou in the middle Qing dynasty.

This article focuses on the relationship between the practice of Zhou Ji’s works and his Ci theory. It starts with the connections among Ci Qing, Ji Tuo and Yong Wu. Then attempting to analyze how was he influenced by Wentingyun and JiangKui in his early years and the reason why Jiaxuan became one of his ideal agendas of Ci. Based on both the textual analysis and the interpretation of his Ci theory, we can re-understand the formative progress of Zhou Ji’s Ci theory.
《中華女子修身教科書》與民初女子教育
Authors: 侯 勵英
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

在古代中國社會裏，不論出嫁前或出嫁後的女性最重要的事務不外乎是：一、操持家務和專心紡織；二、生兒育女和相夫教子，一生擔任著“賢妻良母”的角色。及至近代中國，出現“三千年未有之大變局”，西方觀念不斷傳入，女子教育受到關注，新式女學堂如雨後春筍般紛紛出現，女子的角色愈來愈顯得重要。加上，隨著西方先進出版技術的引入，傳統的印刷效果得以改良，此舉迅速地提高了出版的質量和數量。爲了配合新式學制，不少出版商紛紛編著多種專門爲女子而設的教材。本文欲以中華書局在1914年出版專爲高等小學課程而設的《中華女子修身教科書》（1—3册）爲例，欲透過它的内容，探討民國時期作爲形象塑造者的教科書如何教育女子，女子形象怎樣在官方的標準下而被“國家化”。希望藉此了解在近代社會生活中，女子如何游走於“家庭”與“社會”兩種角色之中，並闡釋近代中國女子教科書所發揮的功能和特性。

In the imperial China, women, no matter got married or not, were used to be educated as a model of “perfect wife and good mother”. They were dedicated their whole life in (1) handling household and spinning duties, (2) assisting husbands and bearing children. But there was a dramatic change in the modern era, once western thoughts and knowledge were introduced into China, the right of women tended to be a great concern in society. Female education gained much attention. Higher rates of schools among women led to increase their role and status in the whole community. In addition, the western printing technology pushed the Chinese traditional printing industries to make innovation in terms of quality and quantity. In order to fit the new-style education system, modern female textbooks became the focus in the Chinese print culture. In 1914, Textbook on Moral Education for Chinese Women (volume 1—3) was published by Chung Hwa Book Company and was tailor-made to advanced primary school curriculum. This paper attempts at exploring how the textbook as image-maker under nationalization gives impacts on female daily practice. What are the appropriate female images—traditional, westernization or hybridization being created for the needs of new era? What are the female roles in family and society in the modern social life? All these concerns shed the light on the function and the meaning of textbook in Chinese female moral education.
物我都歸造物中———《青鳥故事集》與東西文化之辯
Authors: 葛 亮
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

《青鳥故事集》以“物”爲題眼，深入歷史肌理，匯通本土與異域、中國與西方，建構虚實交錯的“幻想性”文本。最初的文化觀望與觸碰，在政治與歷史話語的強調與消解中且行且進，最終達至互涉與交融。本文從“物的流轉與‘命名’”、“‘不相稱’與中西間的文化誤讀”及“翻譯與第三種權力”三個層次，對這部作品進行較爲全面的剖析，試圖發掘與釐清中西文化結構相互定義的意涵。並闡發由物質至知識的流通過程中，“誤解”所造成的文化砥礪對相異文明體系的發展所帶來的深遠影響。

In his A Collection of Tales of the Jade Bird, the author Li Jingze uses “thing” as a key word in an attempt to go deep into history, connect the native and foreign, i. e., China and the West, and construct illusory texts interlaced with reality and fantasy. The initial cultural observation and contact made their way through the emphases and dissolution of political and historical discourses, and eventually became interrelated and merged. The present essay is a comprehensive analysis of the Collection from three perspectives: the circulation of things and “naming”; “disproportion” and cultural misreading between China and the West; and “translation and the third power”. This is an attempt to explore and clarify the significance of how the Chinese define Western cultural structure and vice versa. It also expounds how the profound cultural impact of misunderstanding influenced the development of different civilizations through the circulation of things and knowledge.
《文心雕龍》所隱涵二重“文心”的結構及其功能
Authors: 顏 崑陽
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

劉勰將自己的著作命名爲《文心雕龍》，很自覺地使用“文心”與“雕龍”兩個關鍵詞，表述全書的文學理論體系。什麽是“文心”？劉勰只簡單説是“爲文之用心”，也就是創作文章所運用的“心”；然而，這一“文心”實質的内涵是什麽？包含哪些要素？諸多要素之間，以什麽邏輯關係形成整體的“結構”？這一“結構”有何相應的“功能”？這是“文心雕龍學”必須解答的基本論題；然而，關於這一論題，學界至今只做了粗略、表淺的論説。本論文針對《文心雕龍》全書的相關文本，經由精密的分析，有效地揭明其中隱含的二重“文心”，並分别詮釋這二重“文心”各自具有什麽實質内涵？各自包含哪些要素？諸多要素之間，以什麽邏輯關係形成整體的“結構”？而這一“結構”有何相應的“功能”？

When entitling his Wenxin diaolong (The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons), Liu Xie consciously employed the two key terms wenxin and diaolong to recapitulate the theoretical framework of the book. But, what is wenxin? Liu Xie only explains it as “the creative mind for literary composition.” Several questions have remained unanswered. They include: what is the actual content of wenxin? What elements are included? With what logic and relationship are these elements connected to make a comprehensive “structure”? To what functions does this “structure” correspond? These are unavoidable questions in the scholarship of wenxin diaolong. However, these questions have not been amply answered and only dealt with in a rough and shallow manner. The present essay focuses on related contexts in the Wenxin diaolong and shall analyze and interpret the content, essential elements, and logical structure of the double “literary mind,” attempting to discover its holistic structure and its corresponding features.
回望中國戲曲的跨文化演出
Authors: 孫 玫
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

作爲演劇活動的各種地方戲曲，一直是中國傳統社會廣大民衆生活中不可缺少的部分。隨著中國人走向海外，戲曲也被帶到了中國的域外。迄今爲止，中國戲曲的域外演出最早可以追溯到明代。另一方面，自十八世紀起，在西方就開始出現一些用西方語言改編自中國戲曲的演出。不過，這些改編本大多是採用原劇的故事梗概，不是以中國戲曲原來的方式，而是以當時歐洲人的方式演出。戲曲的海外傳播和跨文化演出，是一個緩慢、漸進、複雜的歷史過程。它不可避免會遇到語言、唱腔、程式化表演、異文化受衆等諸多方面的問題和挑戰，必然會出現一些在母國所不曾有過的變異和新的景觀。本文回顧了中國戲曲在異文化中諸種樣式和演劇上的歷史流變。

This paper discusses the overseas history of Chinese theatrical performances from a transcultural perspective. First of all, it reviews historical developments or events, such as the spread of regional xiqu forms in southeast China to Southeast Asia during the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, the Cantonese opera reaching North America in the nineteenth century, as well as Mei Lanfang’s performance in US in 1930 and in the former Soviet Union in 1935. The second aspect of the paper concerns how various xiqu plays have been translated and/or adapted into Western languages, and presented on Western stages in a variety of forms since the eighteenth century.
新詩的“百年孤獨”與“萬古愁”———新詩時間尺度與歷史視域在新世紀的生成
Authors: 朱 欽運
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

本文以“新詩百年”爲議題背景，結合新世紀以來新詩在創作、批評、研究與出版諸領域對此時間節點的反應，引入當代詩人臧棣的詩中“新詩的百年孤獨”與張棗的詩中“萬古愁”這兩個隱喻式説辭，用其在“元詩”層面的象征意義，認爲前者關聯百年來新詩的歷史境遇，後者關聯新詩的優異作者所要處理的“對話知音”式精神主題。藉由此綫索，探討新詩時間尺度與歷史視域的生成；並嘗試回答，它如何基於這種時間尺度與歷史視域，來自我確認與尋求外部理解。

Against the backdrop of the one hundredth anniversary of Chinese New Poetry, this article aims to discuss the understanding of the fields of creative writing, criticism, scientific research and publishing of the past century, in view of two metaphorical rhetorical devices in Zang Di’s “One Hundred Years of Solitude” and Zhang Zao’s “Sorrow through the Ages.” Regarded within the symbolic significance of “meta-poetry,” the former metaphor is related to the historical situation of the New Poetry of the past century, while the latter concerns the mental motif of the “search for a receptive audience,” which any outstanding poet must confront. With the hints of these two propositions, this article will explore the temporal dimension of New Poetry and the making of its historical perspectives, and will attempt to reveal the mechanism with which it proceeds with self-verification and seeks extrinsic comprehension.
鄭明仁：《淪陷時期香港報業與“漢奸”》
Authors: 區 志堅
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

抗日戰争期間中國的東北、江南及南方等地，多成爲“淪陷區”，及後日本戰敗，中國戰勝，戰後國民政府以“肅奸”爲名，廣泛緝捕入仕日據政權的人物，至1949後海峽兩岸政權在民族主義史觀影響下，官方多眨斥入仕東北的“僞”滿洲國、“汪僞”政權及其他日佔“淪陷區”的知識分子，並表述爲“漢奸”、“通敵”、“事仇”、“附逆”。然而，以現實生活的情況考慮，仕“敵”政權者，可能有很多考慮，未必只因貪圖個人利益而“附逆”。在新史學的帶動下，提倡學術應盡力還回歷史真相，以人性及親身體會的角度重評史事及人物，學術界由是展開重評及硏究日佔時期的“漢奸”，尤以日佔時香港的情況更爲微妙，不少華人精英由仕英至再轉向仕日，這些與日本殖民政權“協作”的精英，雖受國民政府批評及緝捕，卻受到港英政府的保護，居港“漢奸”的心態及結果，不如居中國内地“漢奸”知識分子。究竟生活在日佔時期的香港知識精英，怎樣面對港英、曰本殖民地政權和國民政府？他們仕日的行爲與其思想是否一致？近日，鄭明仁運用中、英及日本檔案文獻，口述訪問，撰寫《淪陷時期香港報業與“漢奸”》（以下簡稱《香港報業》）一書，藉此“幫助還原當年的歷史，從中我們發現香港淪陷時期的報人，像其他淪陷區的文化人一樣，不得不忍辱求存，發表附和曰人的文章，但又能表現出‘身在曹營心在漢’的民族氣節，因此，當年報紙上出現很多既附日，又反日的矛盾言論”（頁19），此書以日佔時被國民政府視爲“漢奸”的《華僑日報》（以下簡稱《華僑》）創辦人岑維休和戰時《華僑》的言論爲例，深入探討居淪陷區的香港報人生活及精神，補足硏究日佔時期香港史及香港新聞史不足之處。以下分析《香港報業》一書突破現時相關課題的學術硏究成果及有待優化的地方。(撮要取自內文首段)
不爲良相，則爲儒商———“紳商”陳步墀的儒家情懷與慈善事業
Authors: 張 惠
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

1908年6月，廣東肇慶、南海、東莞、清遠、四會及廣西桂林等地，遭遇特大洪災，牆傾屋摧，崩決百丈，田園徧成澤國，平民葬身魚腹，宛如末日降臨。這場百年不遇的大洪災，將一個人推到了臺前。在這次大洪災中，他每天在報章上刊發自己所撰寫的題爲“救命詞”的詩篇，呼籲大衆關注。許多女子刺繡他的詩義賣，捐錢助賑，爲他贏得了“繡詩樓主人”的雅號。在他的呼籲和感召下，官員、醫院、善堂，甚至優伶娼妓都投身到這次大型賑濟之中，充分體現了香港作爲慈善之都的深切意涵。同時他開創的賣物義賑演變成爲當今香港賣旗的源頭，對當今香港慈善理念的形成都有促進意義。進而，他的後續行爲還揭開了香港保良局領婚領育神秘的面紗之一角，使我們得以窺見粵港融合的過程中少爲人知的另一面。而且他以商人的身分出任香港保良局總理，其一系列的行爲包括賑災、領婚、領育、興辦教育，實際上是承擔了地方官或者地方鄉紳的一部分職能。這實際上是光緒廢科舉之後，不能夠學而優則仕的一部分讀書人，從“士子”轉型爲“紳商”，將“民胞物與，修齊治平”的理念予以現代化轉型及實踐的典型。

In June 1908, a disastrous flood inundated many counties of Guangdong province, such as Zhaoqing, Nanhai, Dongguan, Qingyuan, and Sihui, as well as Guilin in Guangxi province. Thousands of houses were destroyed, millions of people were made homeless, and their fields were all flooded— as though it was the end of the world.

Chen Buchi (1870-1934) rose to the historic arena during this very rare catastrophe. In the flood period, Chen published his poems entitled “Save Lives” in the newspaper every day to attract the attention of the public. These poems were embroidered on pieces of cloth by many ladies who sold them to raise funds for victims of the flood. This won Chen the fine sobriquet of Master of Studio of Embroidered Poems. In response to Chen’s call to salvation, many people from different sectors, such as government offices, hospitals, charity bodies, and even actors, actresses, and prostitutes, joined these charity activities. This illustrates Hong Kong’s fine renown of a charity city. In addition, Chen’s invention of selling goods for charity marks the origin of selling flags, which has long been an important fundraising activity in Hong Kong. This enhanced the significance of the concept of charity in today’s Hong Kong.

Chen’s later careers unravel part of the mystery about the practices of adoption of orphans and arranged marriages executed by the Po Leung Kuk of Hong Kong. This enables us to learn about this part of history in the integration process between Guangdong Province and Hong Kong, which otherwise could have been unknown to us.

As a businessman, Chen became president of the Po Leung Kuk. He conducted a series of social welfare activities, such as salvation of natural disasters, arrangement of marriages, adoption of orphans, and establishment of schools. His work substantially shared certain responsibilities with local officials or gentries. To a certain extent, Chen’s deeds reveal a significant change in the career of intellectuals. Since the abolishment of the imperial examination announced in the reign of Emperor Guangxu (r. 1875-1908), some intellectuals found no way to serve the government after the completion of their study and therefore changed their role from “intellectual” to “gentry businessman.” They became stereotypes for those who modernized the notion of “caring for people by giving them goods” and put it into practice.
陳來：《守望傳統的價值———陳來二十年訪談録》
Authors: 申 祖勝
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

2018年正値中國改革開放四十週年之際，作爲在此時代中成長起來的儒學大家，陳來先生多年來一直在儒學和傳統文化硏究領域筆耕不輟，並極力倡導重新發現傳統文化的價値，促進傳統文化在現代社會的復興與發展。其近作《守望傳統的價値一一陳來二十年訪談録》生動記録了他二十餘年的思想歷程。本書通過訪談等形式，真切展現了陳先生堅定地儒家文化價値立場，以及多年來對傳統文化不懈地探索。該書涉及的主題廣泛，既收録有陳先生學術儒學方面的相關成果，亦記録了其對文化儒學的參與。從某種程度上説，該書的出版代表了一個儒家學者對時代的回應。閱讀該書，讀者可以窺見改革開放四十年來傳統文化硏究的走勢，並瞭解儒家思想在中國現代化過程中的價値、作用、定位，以及儒家思想在東亞地區文化乃至世界文化中的意義和可能的貢獻。(撮要取自內文首段)
內山精也：《廟堂與江湖———宋代詩學的空間》
Authors: 葉 曄
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

作爲一位明代文學硏究者，拿到內山精也先生的新著《廟堂與江湖一一宋代詩學的空間》（復旦大學出版社，2017年），尙未展卷，心裏便在想，如果硏究對象是明代，那麽，這本書大槪可命名爲《廟堂與山林一一元明詩學的空間》。以上突如其來的想法，源自本人一直以來的一個困惑：在中國詩學體系中，江湖與山林的異同到底是什麽？內山先生在書中旗幟鮮明地提出“宋代廟堂詩學”的説法，卻没有“江湖詩學”的相關表述，應是經過慎重考慮的。但在此書的封頁上，赫然印著元人黄潛的兩句話:“文之體有二：有山林草野之文，有朝廷臺閣之文。所處之地不同，則其爲言不得不異。”顯然，這裏的“山林草野”與“朝廷臺閣”，意欲對應的，正是書名中的“江湖”與“廟堂”。一個是南宋詩學硏究的寵兒，一個是元明詩學硏究的焦點，他們都曾作爲“廟堂”的對立面而閃耀於世。但如果將他們從各自朝代中提出來，置於中國詩學的通代視域下來考察，似乎大家更偏向於使用“山林”這一槪念。我們不禁要問，“江湖”到底發生過什麽，它在詩學史上的位置，爲何終被“山林”所取代？(撮要取自內文首段)
從“布施”與“檀越”看譯詞的歷時之變
Authors: 高 婉瑜
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

施捨行爲的認知框架是“施事―動作―與事―受事”，表施捨行爲的“布施”是佛教修行法門，做出施捨的是施者，佛教稱爲“檀越”或“施主”。通過探討布施場與檀越場成員在中土的發展，逐一分析17個成員翻譯形式，考察該詞在歷代譯典、佛教撰述、世典的分布，可檢視其演變過程。經過綜合評估，發現二場成員以意譯詞較具優勢。同時，所謂“單音詞是多音詞節縮”不可盡信，時代與分布指明“檀”不是“檀那”節譯，“檀越”亦非全譯形式的節譯。與其他音譯相比，“檀”的演變快，發生語素化，有較强構詞力，但語料分布廣度有限，有宗教色彩，故不宜高估其影響力。古人主張“檀越”有意可解，然實爲典型的音譯。最後，施捨框架中，動作的顯著度高於其他要件，故轉喻方向以“從施捨到施者”爲常。

The cognitive frame of almsgiving behavior is: doer ― action ― giving ―object. The Sanskrit term dāna refers to the action of almsgiving, which is an important practice of Buddhism, and almsgivers are called dana-pati. This study looks into the development of dāna and dana-pati members on the central plain of China, analyzes 17 respective members’ translation forms, and examines the distribution of the terms in translated Buddhist scripture in the past dynasties, Buddhist writing, and secular canons in order to analyze the evolution of these terms. The findings of our analysis serve to cast doubt on the assumption that “a single syllable word is the contraction of a multisyllabic word.” Time and distribution reveal that dan is not the abbreviation of dāna, nor is dana-pati an abridged translation. In a comparison with other transliterations, the evolution of dan was fast because it became a morpheme, which formed the root of other new words and phrases, but the relevant source-text distribution was not broad and was religiously-oriented. Thus, one should not overestimate the effect of the terms of dan. In addition, the ancients argued that dana-pati carried a substantial meaning and could be construed, but as the author of this essay points out, it is a typical transliteration. Finally, in the framework of almsgiving, the action of giving alms is more significant than the other elements. Therefore, the metonymy direction starts “from almsgiving to alms giver.”
龔宗傑：《明代戲曲中的詞作研究》
Authors: 李 良子
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

古代戲曲理論中有“詞變而爲曲”的說法，徐渭以爲南曲是“宋人詞而益以里巷歌謠”。無論從文體還是音樂上來講，詞與曲之間都存在著割不斷的血脈關係。正因如此，詞能夠以一種水乳交融的姿態存在於戲曲當中。清初戲曲家李漁在讀過好友丁藥園的《扶荔詞》後，開心讚許之餘，更勉勵朋友作戲曲，“急編成兩部大宮商，分南北。”（《讀丁藥園〈扶荔詞〉喜而寄此，勉以作劇》）可見詞、曲之間的天然聯繫。當然，詞與曲各自作爲一種獨立成熟的文體，有著鮮明的個性，須各有各的“腔調”。然這些說法皆是從文體的角度出發，視角比較單一。談及聯繫時便是前後相繼，談及區別時便是各有各體，對於“戲曲中的詞”這一狀態特殊的存在卻幾無涉及。即便是當代學者也多囿於各自的硏究領域，對交叉領域鮮有涉足。龔宗傑博士的《明代戲曲中的詞作硏究》一書獨具隻眼，選擇了這一獨特的硏究對象，不僅塡補了明代詞硏究領域的空白，對戲曲硏究亦很有啟發意義。(撮要取自內文首段)
師門•學脈•道統：韓元震與李柬“湖洛論爭”之義理背景
Authors: 陳 逢源
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

朝鮮儒學從四端七情之辨，進而及於人心道心問題，層層而進，逐漸明朗，性之所向，理氣問題，正是其中關鍵所在，韓元震與李柬所爭是師門宗旨，也是數代積累的儒學問題，“湖洛論爭”如同漣漪逐漸擴散，造成巨大影響，成爲朝鮮儒學史中最可注意的學術論辯。李柬以未發之時難言氣質之性，聖人與凡人同禀明德本體，提出“聖凡心同”，主張“人物性同論”；韓元震認爲未發仍有氣質之性，認爲聖人與凡人不同，提出“聖凡心不同”，主張“人物性異論”。兩人針鋒相對，最後以老師權尚夏表態支持韓元震而告一段落，確立性於氣質得見，爲師門心法所在，韓元震於後標舉學脈宗旨，建構朝鮮學術主體地位，藏道統於東國，貢獻卓著，湖洛論爭正是觸發其儒學事業的關鍵。

Korean Confucian scholars researched the differentiation between “four beginnings” (siduan) and “seven emotions” (qiqing), and gradually progressed to the issues concerning the human mind and the Way. Their findings disclosed that “principle” (li) and “material-force” (qi) are key concepts central to Confucianism. These issues were subjects of dispute between scholars Han Yuanzhen (1682-1751) and Li Jian (1677-1727), who represented their own schools of thought. They also remained unsolved issues in Confucianism for many generations. In fact, this so-called “Huluo Debate” made such an enormous impact that it became the most important academic polemic in the history of Korean Confucianism. Li Jian advocated “Sameness of Human Nature” and held that it was impossible to define one’s temperament before one’s expression, and hence saints and commoners had the same original mind. Han Yuanzhen, on the other hand, advocated “Diversity of Human Nature” and argued that people had distinct temperaments by nature and therefore saints and commoners’ minds were different. Their views were diametrically opposed and resulted in frantic debates. Finally, their tutor, Quan Shangxia (1641-1712), settled the debates by supporting Han’s opinion, confirming that one’s inner nature could be found in one’s temperament. Thereafter, Han not only promoted the creeds of his school but also constructed the Succession to the Way (daotong) in Korea. All in all, the “Huluo Debate” is the basis of Han Yuanzhen’s remarkable achievement of Confucianism.
宋代檢驗書的身體圖像：《洗冤集録》骨骼詞的建構與探索
Authors: 高 婉瑜
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
宋代《洗冤集録》（1247）是中國第一部成系統、完整的檢驗書，該書是宋慈（1186-1249）參考相關著作與親身的驗屍經驗，總結而成的實務手册，書中詳細記載身體的器官、組織、骨骼，是探究人體詞的好材料。
首先，該書骨名詞量有 61 個，與現代骨名相較，有古今可對應、部分對應、無法對應3類，可對應者居多。本文從中選取 4 組詞爲代表，進行微觀辨析。其次，該書骨名以舊詞居多，主要來自醫書，其次是佛典。新造骨名的特點是不避俚俗，形象鮮明。骨骼的命名以體表模式居多，然後是形狀、穴位。體表與穴位模式屬轉喻思維，形狀模式屬隱喻思維。宋慈對骨節有個錯誤認知，以爲骨骼因性别或地域而有不同。該書還有一些想象的骨骼與一骨多名現象，影響骨骼數計算。此外，將《洗冤集録》與清代官定骨圖／ 骨格對照，發現後者採用前者新骨名，延續錯誤的骨節觀念。《洗冤集録》勾勒的骨骼圖像已不全然與驗屍現場吻合，後繼骨圖／ 骨格仍有此問題。骨圖／ 骨格的設計爲檢驗帶來便利，卻因爲守舊，平添檢驗者困擾。换個角度説，表示《洗冤集録》文本建構的身體圖像已具典範性，後世檢驗亦恪遵其述，不離其知識框架。
Collected Records of Exonerating the Innocent (Xiyuan jilu) of the Song dynasty is the first systematic and complete book on anatomy in Chinese history. The book is a practical manual based on Song Ci’s (1186-1249) references to relevant scholarship and personal experience in autopsy. It contains detailed records of organs, physical structures and bones, and is a useful source for the study of terminology of the human body.
There are 61 terms about bones in the book, which may be classified in three categories: 1) those corresponding with their modern equivalents; 2) those partially corresponding; and 3) those not corresponding. The corresponding ones make up the majority. The present study selects four terms for detailed analysis. In the book, the terms related to bones are mainly old terms derived from medical books and Buddhist sutras. The newly coined terms for bones are popular in style and represent vivid images. The main method of naming bones is in accordance with their respective surface on the body; the next most common naming method is reliant upon the respective shape and acupuncture point. The body surface and acupuncture point methods are based in metonymic thought, whereas the shape method is based in metaphorical thought. One aspect of Song Ci’s misunderstanding of the joints is that bones are different because of gender or region. In the book, there are a number of imagined bones as well as bones with several names, which influence the calculation of the number of bones. This study compares Collect Cases of Injustice Rectifies with the official documents about bone images and tabulations enacted in the Qing dynasty, and finds that the latter adopts the new bone names from the former and thus continues the misconceptions of the joints. The bone images constructed by Collect Cases of Injustice Rectifies do not completely dovetail with the postmortem scenes; this problem ensued in the bone images and tabulations. The design of the bone images and tabulations is practical for examination but confuses coroners because of its conservative concept. Observed from a different perspective, the physical image and tabulation of bones constructed by the Collect Cases of Injustice Rectifies became so exemplary that coroners of later generations have been adopting its content and the knowledge framework contained therein.
趙敏俐：中國詩歌研究史·漢代卷
Authors: 楊 傳召
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

翻覽趙敏俐先生新著《中國詩歌研究史•漢代卷》，有一種補全十字狀拼圖軸心一塊之感。自趙先生個人學術道路的時間之横軸觀之，本書是爲其第五部關於漢代詩歌研究的專論著作。趙先生自博士論文《兩漢詩歌研究》（台北文津出版社，1993年初版;商務印書館，2011年再版）爲起點，其後三十餘年間又有《漢代詩歌史論》（吉林教育出版社，1995）、《漢代樂府制度與歌詩研究》（商務印書館，2009）《中國詩歌通史•漢代卷》（人民文學出版社，2012）等重要論著與多篇單篇論文問世。趙先生始終將漢代詩歌研究作爲個人最爲重要的學術關注點之一而創獲頗豐，也始終立于漢代詩歌研究的最前沿地帶。而自對於整個20世紀學術研究做出“史”的總結之縱軸觀之，本書不僅屬於該叢書《中國詩歌研究史》之一環，同時，該叢書亦非孤立之作，而是互爲補充的三項重大課題之一。以首都師範大學中國詩歌研究中心領銜的由中國各地學者組成的學術團隊積十餘年之力，而先後撰成《中國詩歌通史》（人民文學出版社，2012）、《中國詩歌研究史》（人民文學出版社，2020）及《中國詩歌研究資料彙編》（即將出版）三部叢書。關於我國古典詩歌的20世紀前後的學術史、學術史名篇、學術新研，三者互爲補充，共同構成了一代詩歌研究學人的學術總結。概因此兩方面，本書所述在歷史發生的時間與當下學術進程的時間中，瞻前與顧後，皆有源有流，故能夠給以長期關注漢代詩歌研究的讀者以前述的“十字中樞”之感。(撮要取自內文首段)
The role of legal conclusion of The Supreme Court in providing the law principle
Authors: Bernaziuk Oleksandr
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the article is the determination of the role of legal conclusions of the SC in providing the principle of legality. For implementation of this purpose the following tasks were performed: 1) justification of the thoughts that the legal conclusions of the SC in the modern conditions are characterized by the numerous number of signs of court precedent; 2) proving the constantly increasing role of legal conclusions of the SC in providing of the implementation of the principle of legality; 3) determination of the expanded content of the principle of legality based on the obligation of the subjects of authority to take into account the legal conclusions of the SC in their activity.

During the study of the topic of the article, the author analyzed the works of scientists who pay attention to the study of the role and significance of legal conclusions of the Supreme Court in the activities of subjects of power as N. Zozulia, O. Kibenko, M. Sambor, M. Shumylo and others. Some questions connected with the determination of the role of legal conclusions of the Supreme Court in ensuring the unity of judicial practice, were investigated by the author of this article when compiling the "Compendium of Legal Positions of the Supreme Court for lawyers" and developing the content part of the analytical and legal system ZakonOnline (Kibenko, 2022). Nevertheless, in modern legal science there is still a list of unsolved issues in the sphere of the role definition of legal conclusions of the Supreme Court in providing of the principle of legality.

Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that it is established by the law the obligation for all courts and subjects of authorities to consider (apply) legal conclusions of the SC allows to confirm that such approach causes the expanded application of the principle of legality, as the norm of law in fact cannot exist separately from the SC case law (its legal understanding) and the subject of authorities cannot have own approach to understand of this or that norm of law.
“La verdad no vino al mundo desnuda, sino en símbolos e imágenes”: lenguaje, ficción y revelación entre Borges y los textos gnósticos
Authors: Troriano Mariano Alejandro
Published: November 2022

En el presente trabajo proponemos una lectura cruzada del cuento de Jorge Luis Borges “Tres versiones de Judas” publicado en Ficciones y el texto gnóstico “El Evangelio de Judas” perteneciente al Códice Tchacos. Consideramos que esta lectura nos permitirá abordar los escritos gnósticos complejizando cierta mirada heresiológica que lee estas mitologías como relatos incoherentes y no ven en ellas una técnica de los autores gnósticos para sobrellevar las limitaciones del lenguaje. Así, la particular concepción borgeana de la metafísica y la teología como técnicas literarias nos permitirá un abordaje original sobre la figura de Judas y sus implicancias, tal cual surgen de la edición del “Evangelio de Judas”.
A Transition of Visual Ritual: Making Medicine, George Flett, and the Historical Emergence of Native American Ledger Art
Authors: Powell Heidi C.
Published: November 2022

How do Native Americans have a voice through art practice, especially since they have been silenced for centuries? And how does one convey an understanding that Native American people and their cultures are still here, alive and present in the United States today? This historical inquiry (Bolin, 1995) into ritual and memory pedagogy (Powell, 2017) focuses on a small part of Native American history through the ledger drawing of Making Medicine and George Flett. Reflecting on history and my own memories of George Flett, we can see their voice, both past and present, within their art practice. Through a connected history that expands on the original ritual of Plains Indian buffalo hide painting into a transitional place for Native American ledger drawing, we can see beyond Native Americans’ artistic characteristics associated solely with craft or utility to engage their past and contemporary artists. Their history, culture, challenges, and issues are made visible through their art practice, while bringing awareness that Native Americans are still here!
A multiple-session mesotherapy protocol for the management of hip osteoarthritis in police working dogs
Authors: Alves João C. , Santos Ana , Jorge Patrícia , Lafuente P.
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVE

To describe the effect of a mesotherapy protocol in dogs with osteoarthritis.

ANIMALS

30 dogs.

PROCEDURES

Dogs were randomly assigned to a control (CG; n = 10) or a mesotherapy group (MG; 20). CG received meloxicam for 70 days. MG was treated with a combination of lidocaine, piroxicam, and thiocolchicoside, injected in intradermal points. Seven treatment sessions were conducted. Response to treatment was measured with different instruments: the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (divided into Pain Interference Score [PIS] and Pain Severity Score [PSS]), Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD), and Canine Orthopedic Index (COI; divided into function, gait, stiffness, and quality of life), at time 0 (T0), +15 days, +30 days, +60 days, and +90 days after T0. At each time point, the results of the 2 groups with each instrument were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test, P < .05. Kaplan-Meier estimators were compared with the Breslow test.

RESULTS

Dogs had a mean age of 6.9 ± 2.7 years and a body weight of 31.0 ± 6.4 kg. Hip osteoarthritis was classified as mild (n = 9), moderate (17), or severe (4). No differences were found at T0. Better results were observed in MG at +15 days (P < .01 for PSS and PIS, P = .03 for function), +30 days (P = .01 for PIS and LOAD, P = .03 for PSS, and P = .04 for function, gait, and COI), +60 days (P < .01 for PSS and PIS, P = .01 for LOAD, and P = .02 for function), and +90 days (P = .01 for PSS and PIS, P = .03 for LOAD, and P = .04 for function). Kaplan-Meier estimators showed MG had longer periods with better results than CG in various scores.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

This mesotherapy protocol reduced pain scores and other clinical metrology instrument scores lasting for longer periods.
Analysis of Insurance Market Development Based on the S-Curve - The Case of the Western Balkan Countries
Authors: Koprivica Marija
Published: November 2022

One of the most commonly used measures of insurance market development is insurance penetration rate, as ratio of gross written premiums to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Its important shortcoming is that it neglects the level of economic development of the country. The S-curve is a theoretical model describing the relationship between insurance penetration rate and GDP per capita and allowing a comparison of insurance development between countries at different stages of economic development. The paper analyzes the development level of insurance markets in the Western Balkan countries, in relation to the world average using the S-curve. The world S-curve is derived by estimating a non-linear regression model using data on insurance penetration and GDP per capita for 90 countries from 2006 to 2020. The insurance markets of the Western Balkan countries are below the world S-curve. In order to quantify insurance development gap, we calculated Benchmark Ratio of Insurance Penetration (BRIP) for each country using the world S-curve penetration level as a reference. The results show that the insurance development gap is growing in all countries of the region, except in Albania, where it is the largest. Insurance industry policy for the Western Balkans should focus on improving institutional factors in order to enable sustainable insurance growth in the long run.
Colour, Pattern, Space and Time in Art Perception: Two Case Studies
Authors: Wagemans Johan , De Winter Stefanie , Linden Christopher
Published: November 2022

Colour and space are pervasive topics in both perception and art. This article investigates the role of colour and pattern in relation to space and time in the art works by two artists: Frank Stella, a well-known Post-War American abstract painter, and Pieter Vermeersch, an emerging Belgian abstract painter, representing a contemporary trend to break the barriers between artistic disciplines. While Stella adheres to the Modernist logic of non-illusionistic, non-spatial, non-referential art as object, perceived instantaneously, Vermeersch explores ways to enhance the viewers’ spatial and temporal experiences through complex art installations with multiple objects and architectural elements interacting with each other and with the spaces in which they are embedded. We discuss these major themes in some representative art works, and in the way they are perceived and appreciated by contemporary viewers, investigated in four empirical studies: two laboratory experiments using well-controlled stimuli derived from at works, and two museum studies employing a variety of methods, including mobile eye-tracking and questionnaires.
Legionary Dreams, Visions, and Divine Apparitions in the Communist Prisons: Designing a Fascist Carceral Theophany in Contemporary Romania
Authors: Biliuță Ionuț
Published: November 2022

The paper discusses the forging of a carceral legionary theophany based on oneiric experience and the apparitions of saints to imprisoned members of the Iron Guard in contemporary Romania. It also approaches the post-Communist instrumentalization of the legionaries’ prison experience (dreams, visions of the Virgin and saints, “dreams of terror”) in supporting their claim of canonizing fascists martyrs as saints of the Romanian Orthodox Church.
The Influence of Renal Function on In-Hospital Complications in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Petrosyan Harutyun , Hayrapetyan Hamlet , Torozyan Shahen , Tsaturyan Arsen , Buniatyan Vache , Sedrakyan Surik
Published: November 2022

Objective

The goal of this study was to examine in-hospital complications in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction with a different renal function.

Methods

351 patients were included in the study. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed on all patients. 116 had a glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (Group 1), 120 ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 (Group 2) and 115 ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 (Group 3). Other parameters in the groups were comparable. The composite rate of acute pulmonary oedema and cardiogenic shock, in-hospital pneumonia, pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, new-onset atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, and in-hospital death were all compared among study groups.

Results

Mean glomerular filtration rate in Group 1 was 48.2±10.4; in Group 2, 74.7±8.7; and in Group 3, 104.1±14.6 (p < 0.001). The incidence of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter was higher in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3: 12.1%, 5.8%, and 3.5%, respectively (p < 0.05). Group 3 had significantly lower rates of acute pulmonary oedema and cardiogenic shock than Groups 1 and 2: 10.3%, 5.8%, and 0.9%, respectively (p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference between groups when comparing the rate of in-hospital pneumonia: Group 1 had reasonably higher rates of in-hospital pneumonia than Group 2 and Group 3: 13.8%, 6.7%, and 4.3% (p < 0.05), respectively. The authors discovered no significant differences in additional complications: pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation occurred in 2.6%, 3.3%, and 0.9%, respectively (p > 0.05). in-hospital death was 3.4% in Group 1; 0.8% in Group 2: and 0 in Group 3, (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Patients with lower glomerular filtration rate were more likely to develop in-hospital acute pulmonary oedema and cardiogenic shock, pneumonia, and new-onset atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Differences in Commercialization Policies of Innovations. Customer Perspective
Authors: Atvare Erlanda , Kudurs Edgars , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: November 2022

The last decade in particular has seen prosperity in global challenges. Traditional industry leaders have to compete with the challenges of the new generation in emerging markets. Although the European market is competitively mature, the prosperity in global challenges makes it necessary to defend the domestic market as well as to pursue growth opportunities in emerging markets. Analyzing the trends, a comparison of the US and Chinese innovation commercialization policies from a customer perspective with Europe was distinguished. The main difference is Europe's narrowly defined customer segment, companies do not adapt to customer micro-segments with non-matching product and service requirements, because individual attraction strategies must be implemented for each branch, which increase the difficulty to draw potential global clients. The aim of this work is to analyze the US and Chinese innovation commercialization process policies from a customer perspective to gain an insight into the improvement of European national policy models. A multi-criteria decision analysis was used to compare the US and European influencing factor criteria, which focuses on customer segmentation, to determine the most influential segment. Data were also collected in the analysis of the success of European commercialization. The focus on the US end-market approach is expected to increase the value of the proximity factor by improving the implementation of European innovation policy in practice.
Computational interior design based on 2D patterns
Authors:   University of Western Macedonia, Dept of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kila Kozani GR50100, Greece, Kyratsis Panagiotis , Aidinli Kyriaki ,   University of Western Macedonia, Dept of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kila Kozani GR50100, Greece, Minaoglou Prodromos ,   University of Western Macedonia, Dept of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kila Kozani GR50100, Greece, Firtikiadis Lazaros ,   University of Western Macedonia, Dept of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kila Kozani GR50100, Greece
Published: November 2022

Modelling with 3D CAD (Computer Aided Design) tools has reached a point that its complexity is difficult to be controlled without the use of programming tools. Both general purpose CAD systems and specialized CAD pieces of software allow their programming with textual or visual interface. The designer is offered with a variety of tools in order to automate the design process and handle its geometrical complexity. The present paper deals with the use of CAD based visual programming for product designers, who want to use unusual geometries based on 2D patterns and present their work to the final user using high-end rendering images. The proposed designs can be customized to a great extend and contribute towards their increased added value. At the same time, a family of products can be presented, when the design parameters used get alternative values.