bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined UHV and Liquid Phase (CULP) Processing of Self-assembled Nanostructures
Authors: Ogun Samil E. , Tung Raymond T.
Published: June 2019

The fabrication and structures of nanometer sized metal and semiconductor dots by a new “combined UHV and liquid-phase processing” (CULP) method are investigated. Ultrahigh vacuum deposition of monolayers of material, buffered and co-adsorbed along with chemically-inert working gas molecules, and subsequent pressurization in situ with high purity helium, led to self-assembly of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles in the liquid phase. The density and size distribution of nanoparticles were found to depend on processing parameters including the substrate surface condition and the dilution of the co-adsorbed film. These results are discussed in terms of surface and interface energies and kinetics.
Improved Crystallinity of Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles in Aqueous Environment
Authors: Goswami Navendu , Sen P.
Published: June 2019

Zinc sulfide nanoparticles, prepared employing a non-equilibrium route, are investigated for surface related effects. Water has been shown to induce a structural transformation in nanoparticles prepared this way, which is not related to their particle size. Employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray powder diffraction, we show here the importance of S-H interaction in the buildup to the final ZnS structure of these nanoparticles. These particles hold promise as water sensors.
AFM Analysis Of Nano-Copper Surface Morphology
Authors: Lohmus Rynno , Hussainova Irina , Kommel Lembit , Siimon Hele
Published: June 2019

Surface morphology and features of pure copper heavily deformed by equal channel angular pressing were studied by means of an atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Surface characterization helps to develop a better understanding of microstructure evolution of materials subjected to any kind of mechanical loading and thermal treatment. The main objectives of this study are to exploit the capabilities of AFM to accurately perform an analysis of the surface features of nano-structured copper subjected to plastic deformation and heat treatment; and examination of the mechanical characteristics influenced by material's microstructure. It is shown that the AFM technique can be extremely useful for the investigations of a surface topography of materials.
Unusual fracture behavior of nanoporous polymeric thin-films
Authors: Kearney Andrew V. , Dauskardt Reinhold H. , Mohler Carol E. , Mills Michael E.
Published: June 2019

We present surprising evidence that the fracture resistance of porous forms of poly(arylene) ether (PAE) films exhibit increasing fracture resistance with increasing porosity. Such behavior is in stark contrast to the fracture toughness of porous solids, which typically decrease markedly with increasing porosity. A fracture mechanics based model is presented to rationalize the increase in fracture toughness of the voided polymer film and explain the behavior in terms of the pore size and volume fraction. It is shown that a certain dependence of pore size and volume fraction is required to increase rather than decrease the fracture resistance. The research has implications for the optimum void size and volume fraction needed to enhance the fracture resistance of porous ductile polymer films.
Development of Evaluation Method for Delamination Strength Between Micro-Sized Materials in MEMS Devices
Authors: Ishiyama Chiemi , Hata Junichi , Koyama Satoru , Sone Masato , Higo Yakichi
Published: June 2019

Evaluation method for delamination strength of micro-sized materials has been developed using by FEM and measurement of load-displacement curve of micro-sized specimen. This evaluation method is applied to micro-sized cylindrical SU-8 specimens on Si substrate. The maximum shear stress between SU-8 and Si was analyzed with FEM. Fracture load required to delaminate the two materials was examined using a mechanical testing machine for micro-sized materials, which have been developed in our group. The delamination strength was determined from the maximum shear stress and the fracture load.
Microstructure and Mechanical Strength Evolution With Scale Refinement in Metallic Multilayers
Authors: Verdier Marc M , VERON Muriel , ROBAUT Florence
Published: June 2019

Aspects of the mechanical properties of metallic multilayers and thin films in relation with their size and microstructure is presented. Particularly on Cu/Ag and Fe/Pt systems.
Size Effect in the Plasticity of Multiscale Nanofilamentary Cu/Nb Composite Wires During in-situ Tensile Tests Under Neutron Beam
Authors: Vidal Vanessa , Thilly Ludovic , Van Petegem Steven , Stuhr Uwe , Lecouturier Florence , Renault Pierre-Olivier , Van Swygenhoven Helena
Published: June 2019

Copper-based high strength nanofilamentary wires reinforced by bcc nanofilaments (Nb or Ta) are prepared by severe plastic deformation for the winding of high pulsed magnets. In-situ tensile tests under neutron beam were performed on a Cu/Nb nanocomposite composed of a multiscale Cu matrix embedding 554 Nb filaments with a diameter of 267 nm and spacing of 45 nm. The evolution of elastic strains for individual lattice plane in each phase and peak profiles in the copper matrix versus applied stress evidenced the co-deformation behavior with different elastic-plastic regimes and load sharing: the Cu matrix exhibits size effect in the finest channels while the Nb nanowhiskers remain elastic up to the macroscopic failure, with a strong load transfer from the copper matrix onto zones that are still in the elastic regime. Taking into account results from residual lattice strains also determined by neutron diffraction, the yield stress in the finest Cu channels is in agreement with calculations based on a single dislocation regime.
Modeling Ductile/Brittle Behavior in Polymeric Microlaminates: Effect of Volume Fraction
Authors: Sharma Rajdeep , Boyce Mary C. , Socrate Simona
Published: June 2019

In this work we present a micromechanical model for two-phase ductile/brittle laminates that captures the macroscopic behavior, as well as the underlying micro-mechanisms of deformation and failure, in particular the synergy between the inelastic deformation mechanisms of crazing and shear yielding. The finite element implementation of our model considers a three-dimensional representative volume element (RVE), and incorporates continuum-based physics-inspired descriptions of shear yielding and crazing, along with failure criteria for the ductile and brittle layers. The interface between the ductile and brittle layers is assumed to be perfectly bonded. The model successfully explains the volume fraction effect on the micro and macromechanics of ductile/brittle microlaminates subjected to uniaxial tension.
An Investigation of the Influence of Interface Chemical Structure on Fiber/Matrix Adhesion
Authors: Raghavan Dharmaraj
Published: June 2019

The primary objective of the study is to investigate the impact of chemical structure at the interface on the interface strength of fiber/matrix composite. A solvent based method was used to deposit trichlorosilane on E-glass fiber surfaces followed by in situ modification of the deposited layer to prepare pure and mixed amine undecyl self assembled monolayer (SAM). The extent of fiber/matrix adhesion was determined by performing single fiber fragmentation test (SFFT). The SFFT data indicate that ≈ 85 % of fiber breaks obtained for epoxy composite occurs at a much lower mass fraction of amine coverage for SAM while a similar number of fiber breaks occur at a much higher mass fraction of amine coverage for aqueous solution deposited coupling agent system.
Flexural Stiffness Domains for Bi-material Multilayered Systems [Abstract + Supplemental Data]
Authors: Pasini Damiano
Published: June 2019

The development of different concepts for a two-materials system consisting of symmetric and asymmetric layers has been demonstrated. Flexural stiffness domains governed by flexural modulus, density, and layer geometry have been visualized on efficiency maps. It is demonstrated that although a bi-material system can evolve in several symmetric and asymmetric multilayers, the flexural properties of all the possible configurations fall into a region. This is bounded by two curves describing three symmetric layers sandwiches.

The characterization of the flexural properties is based on a method recently introduced to model the mass-efficiency of monolithic structures [1]. The scheme is based on shape parameters, called Shape Transformers, which govern the geometric properties of the planar shape of a cross-section. These factors can classify shapes into families and classes with respect to the cross-section figure, and regardless size. Such a model is applied here to a bi-material laminate composite to take into account position and arrangement of layers. It can be used at the meso- as well as micro scale to predict the flexural stiffness of design alternatives for a multilayers bi-material.

The rationale of the method hinges on the decoupling of material, shape and size, such that the design variables can be optimized separately. This feature is exploited to develop properties charts. When families and classes of shapes are visualised, domains of properties emerge with respect to the Shape classification. The domains are bounded by optimization paths, which identify the rules of mixture of a shape concept.

In a case study, the efficiency of monolithic shaped beams is compared to that of bi-material multilayers composites for different constraints applied to the cross-section size. The maps offer ways to exploit the potential of both material and cross-section geometry, especially for concept design. The maps ease the visual ranking, widen the spectrum of choices, and enable the contrast of design alternatives, in a glance.
Polymer Assessment for Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy Composites
Authors: Underhill Royale S , Keddy Gregory A , Farrell Shannon P
Published: June 2019

Our surrounding environment is teeming with useful energy, waiting to be harnessed (i.e., solar, wind, tidal, etc.). If this energy can be exploited at the point where it is required, then the need to carry additional power sources can be reduced. In recent years, magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMA) have demonstrated an ability to convert mechanical energy to magnetic energy. Such conversions have lead to the investigation of these alloys for energy harvesting applications.

There are a number of issues to address when forming a MSMA/polymer composite. The polymer must be stiff enough to transmit the induced strain through the entire matrix, yet soft enough not to exceed the MSMA blocking stress. Also, the polymer must not dampen any force applied before it can be transmitted to the MSMA particles.

Ten polymers have been investigated for MSMA/polymer composites. The work presented here will describe progress in nickel-manganese-gallium (Ni-Mn-Ga)/polymer composite fabrication and characterization. Special attention will be given to polymer selection, optimizing particle dispersion and MSMA/polymer interfacial interactions.
Exploring simulation methods for self-healing oxide films
Authors: Lazic Ivan , Thijsse Barend
Published: June 2019

New methods for modeling oxide film growth using MD (molecular dynamics) simulations are explored in order to study the atomic mechanism of the self-healing oxidation phenomenon in metal/oxide systems. A modified MEAM (modified embedded atom method) potential is proposed and extended by a variable charge ionic potential model from the literature, for which the PPPM (particle-particle-particle-mesh) was used as Coulomb solver. In this work the first results are reported. The ionic potential model is tested in combination with the PPPM solver. The results are excellent.
Brittle-Ductile Transition in Heterogeneous Metallic Materials [PowerPoint Submission]
Authors: Noronha Silvester John , Ghoniem Nasr M
Published: June 2019

We present a model for the brittle - ductile transition in heterogenous metallic materials based on two dimensional discrete dislocation simulations of crack-tip plasticity. The sum of elastic fields of the crack and the emitted dislocations defines an elasto-plastic crack field. Effects of crack-tip blunting of the macrocrack are included in the simulations. The plastic zone characteristics are found to be in agreement with continuum models, with the added advantage that the hardening behavior comes out naturally in our model. The present model is composed of a macrocrack with microcracks ahead of its tip. These microcracks represent potential fracture sites at internal inhomogenities, such as brittle precipitates. Dislocations that are emitted from the crack-tip account for plasticity. When the tensile stress at the microcrack situated along the crack plane attains a critical value over a distance fracture is assumed to take place. The brittle-ductile transition curve is obtained by determining the fracture toughness at various temperatures. Factors that contribute to the sharp upturn in fracture toughness with temperature are found to be: the decrease in tensile stress ahead of the crack tip due to increase in blunting, and the increase in dislocation mobility. The inherent scatter in fracture toughness measurements are studied by using a size distribution for microcracks, distributed on the crack plane of the macrocrack. The scatter in fracture toughness measurements is found to be an effect of the size distribution of microcracks rather than their spatial distribution on the matrix ahead of the crack plane. When compared, the obtained results are in agreement with the existing experimental data.
Single-Crystals of a New Carbon Nitride Phase with all-sp3 Carbon
Authors: Kroll Peter , Horvath-Bordon Elizabetha , Riedel Ralf , McMillan Paul F , Aken Peter van , Miehe Gerhard , Hoppe Peter , Boehler Reinhard
Published: June 2019

We prepared a carbon nitride compound by treating the molecular precursor C2N4H4 in a laser-heated diamond-anvil-cell (LH-DAC) at pressures exceeding 27 GPa and temperatures above 1700°C. After quenching we recovered single crystals of the new material with diameters of about 1 μm. Using several experimental characterization techniques in conjunction with computational methods we determined composition, hybridization of constituting atoms, and the crystal structure. The new carbon nitride imide, C2N2(NH), adopts a defect-wurtzite structure and is isotypic to Si2N2(NH).
Probing of Structure Factor of Water to 57 GPa and 1500 K
Authors: Goncharov Alexander F. , Sanloup Chrystele , Goldman Nir , Crowhurst Jonathan C. , Fried Lawrence E. , Guignot Nicola , Mezouar Mohamed , Meng Yue
Published: June 2019

The x-ray structure factor of water has been measured along the melting line to 57 GPa and 1500 K using focused monochromatic synchrotron radiation and laser heated diamond anvil cell. The oxygen radial distribution function, g(r) is determined from these data. We have also calculated g(r) using ab initio methods and find a good agreement with the experiment. Based of the similarity of the measured and calculated structure factors determined density of water under extreme conditions unattainable previously.
Tight Binding Molecular Dynamic Simulation of PETN Decomposition at An Extreme Condition
Authors: Wu Christine Jiang , Manaa M. Riad , Fried Laurence E.
Published: June 2019

It has been long speculated that extreme pressures and temperatures produce unexpected chemcial phenomena. In this presentation, I discussed the reaction kinetics obtained from a tight binding MD simulation of PETN decomposition
Pressure-Induced Distortive Phase Transition in Chromite-Spinel at 29 GPa
Authors: Shu Jinfu , Mao Wendy L. , Hemley Russell J , Mao Hokwang
Published: June 2019

A natural chromite single crystal was compressed in a helium pressure medium to just above 35 GPa at ambient temperature and studied with energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction. The volume compression of the cubic, spinel-type structure was fit to a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state with parameters a0= 8.338(4) Å, V0 = 579.6(9) Å3, K0 =179(10) GPa, and K' = 3.9(9) up to 29 GPa. A distortive phase transition was discovered at higher pressures to a CaAl2O4-type orthorhombic structure, with two cubic unit-cell axes increasing and the third decreasing with increasing pressure. The transition can be fit to a Landau-type strain-order formulism with approximately 5% volume decrease from the cubic phase at 35 GPa. The transition may be triggered by electronic or magnetic transitions in the 3d elements Fe and Cr cations.
Bird distribution dynamics - Indigenous francolins in South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland
Authors: Lerm Rion Elias
Published: June 2019

This is one of a series of papers on bird distribution dynamics that deals with the six indigenous francolin species of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. These gamebirds are affected by various ecological and anthropogenic drivers such as fire, livestock grazing, agriculture, wing shooting and other forms of habitat modification. Their resident statuses and ground-living habits also renders them vulnerable to predators as well as the aforementioned drivers. Assessing the differences between reporting rates of the two South African Bird Atlas Projects as well as overlaying a recent national land cover spatial dataset we attempted to identify which habitats might have caused declines and/or increases in distribution. Using the same methods as with previous bird distribution dynamics papers, we revealed that most species have declined but, in parts of their distribution increases are evident since the first bird atlas project. Here, the perceived drivers of changes in distribution mostly in the form of land cover, are diverse and varied between species. Unfortunately, we could only speculate on the effects of fire as the land cover dataset does not provide a burnt-area class.
Dwarf Ravens kill and eat a Spotted Thicknee
Authors: Wairasho Peter S
Published: June 2019

Dwarf Ravens kill and eat a Spotted Thicknee

The Dwarf Raven or Somali Crow Corvus edithae is an endemic resident in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somali, Kenya and SE Sudan (C Hillary Fry & Stuart Keith et al. 2000). In Kenya they are locally found mostly in the North from around Kapedo, Laisamis, Mado Gashi and Wajir areas. These birds belong to the Corvidae family. They are medium to large passerine birds. They are conspicuous, bold, inquisitive and highly adaptable. As a family they occupy a wide range of habitats including forest, woodland, grassland, tundra, desert and cliffs but more often around human habitation (C Hillary Fry & Stuart Keith et al. 2000).

These species in particular inhabits deserts, semi-deserts, arid plains, dry savannas and open thorn bush from sea level to usually around 2000 m ASL (C Hillary Fry & Stuart Keith et al. 2000). Their general behavior is not well documented but are known to be solitary or in pairs and in flocks of up to 100 in the non-breeding season. They are usually fearless and aggressive.

Their food consists of small ground-dwelling animals, carrion, and some plants, also bird eggs, tick and lice (C Hillary Fry & Stuart Keith et al. 2000) and largely considered to be scavengers. So while at Turkana in May 2018 I was surprised to witness a small group of the species behave like raptors in pursuit of their prey. A murder of three Dwarf Ravens landed about 50 m from where I was standing, and begun rummaging through the small dry bushes around. I had not even taken much notice of two fully grown Spotted Thicknees (Burhinus capensis) nearby, thanks to their cryptic plumage blending well with the sun bleached volcanic rocks spewed all over this vast arid region interspersed by short dry grass and bushes. Before long I noticed something emerge fast from the short bushes apparently disturbed by the ravens. It was a young Spotted Thicknee, not fully grown but just as tall as the parents who were close by. The ravens actively pursued the young Thicknee, caught it and relentlessly attacked it. The vicious attack was briefly interrupted when an Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus landed nearby and again when a White-headed Vulture Trigonoceps occipitalis also landed nearby. The parents of the young Thicknee watched from a safe distance away and made no attempts to rescue the fledgling. Eventually the murder of crows killed the Thicknee before proceeding to dismember it and devour it.  We could not find other records of Corvids actively hunting and killing live prey but it is likely desert dwelling corvids will often resort to catching live prey (of any taxa)

Acknowledgements

Many thanks to Dr. Peter Njoroge for his advice in the presentation of this record.

References

Fry, C. H., Keith, S. and Urban, E.K. (Eds) (2000). The Birds of Africa Vol. VI Academic Press, London.

Checklist of the Birds of Kenya, Fourth Edition, OS-c EANHS September 2009
Mad buffalo?
Authors: De Castro Julio , De Castro Mabel
Published: June 2019

The article describes an unusual behaviour by three Cape Buffalo regarding a pride of Lions on a Greater Kudu kill at the Shingwedzi River in the Kruger National Park, South Africa.
Greedy Southern Pale Chanting Goshawk Melierax canorus
Authors: Bryson Ursula
Published: June 2019

Pale Chanting Goshawks never miss an opportunity for feeding on any creature living or dead. Here three birds are recorded with the mouth or crop still full, and hunting techniques and diet are described.
LacewingMAP: Progress report on the atlas of African Neuroptera and Megaloptera, 2014–2019
Authors: Underhill Les , Navarro Rene , Mansell Mervyn
Published: June 2019

This report describes progress with the atlas of lacewings, defined as the orders Neuroptera and Megaloptera, up to 31 March 2019. The database of the project contained 15,781 records, in two components - 12,898 specimen records and 2,883 photographic records - submitted to the LacewingMAP section of the Virtual Museum, over a period of 4.5 years (September 2014 to March 2019). The average rate of submission of photographic records for LacewingMAP for the four calendar years 2015 to 2018 was 566 per year, three times faster than the rate at which the specimen database grew during the second half of the 20th century. 234 citizen scientists contributed photographic records to LacewingMAP. It seems that almost all of these people have primary interests in other taxa, and that the records submitted to LacewingMAP were a 'by-catch'. Photographs of at least two new species were submitted by citizen scientists during 2018.
Impacto de la agricultura y ganadería sobre el bosque tropical seco de Zirándaro, Guerrero: una evaluación con indicadores ecológicos
Authors: Fuentes-Hernández Agustín , Mendoza-Orozco Marleth , Ríos-Casanova Leticia , Soler-Aburto Alfonso , Muñoz-Iniestra Daniel , Godínez-Alvarez Héctor
Published: June 2019

Antecedentes: La agricultura y ganadería modifican la estructura y funcionamiento del bosque tropical seco. El impacto de estas actividades ha sido evaluado en regiones de Jalisco y Yucatán, en donde la agricultura de roza, tumba y quema, y la ganadería extensiva son los principales tipos de manejo. Sin embargo, existen otras regiones como Guerrero, en donde la agricultura es combinada con la ganadería. No obstante, su impacto sobre el bosque no ha sido evaluado hasta el momento.
Pregunta: ¿Cuál es el impacto de la agricultura/ganadería y ganadería sobre el bosque tropical seco de Zirándaro, Guerrero?
Sitio y años de estudio: El estudio fue realizado en Zirándaro, Guerrero, en diciembre de 2014 y junio de 2015.
Métodos: Se seleccionaron 9 sitios con agricultura/ganadería, ganadería y bosque para muestrear su vegetación y suelo, y calcular 10 indicadores ecológicos. Además, se colectaron 9 muestras de suelo para evaluar sus propiedades físicas y químicas.
Resultados: Los suelos de la agricultura/ganadería y ganadería tuvieron mayor densidad aparente, pero menor porosidad y materia orgánica que el suelo del bosque. La agricultura/ganadería y ganadería tuvieron baja riqueza específica y cobertura del dosel. La agricultura/ganadería tuvo menor obstrucción visual y mayor proporción de claros basales que la ganadería. Estas diferencias sugieren que la agricultura/ganadería tiene mayor impacto sobre el bosque que la ganadería. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la mayoría de los indicadores ecológicos.
Conclusiones: La agricultura/ganadería y ganadería tienen un impacto ecológico relativamente similar sobre el bosque tropical seco de Zirándaro, Guerrero.
Analysis of the economic implications of a carbon tax
Authors: Winkler Harald , Marquard Andrew
Published: June 2019

A carbon tax should be considered among the range of instruments available to the South African government, economy and society, as part of a broad portfolio of mitigation actions. A carbon tax was one of the most effective wedges or mitigation options analysed for the Long-term mitigation scenarios (LTMS) for South Africa. The LTMS strategic option ‘Using the market’ reduced emissions roughly as required by Science, for several decades. The LTMS research indicated that the effectiveness increases, up to certain tax levels. South Africa might consider a tax starting around R100-200 / t CO2eq, escalating in future. Our paper presents results on research on a carbon tax in South Africa conducted in 2008 and was presented at the Climate Change Summit 2009. The efficiency with which a carbon tax achieves the goal of reducing GHG emissions depends on responsiveness and substitutability. This is shown more fully on the supply-side, while further work will be needed to fully understand the response to a carbon tax on the demand side. Careful design of a carbon tax (or other economic instruments considered) will be important to ensure that it is effective in meeting its objective – reducing GHG emissions. We propose a price discovery and adjustment mechanism that sets a band around the desired ‘peak, plateau and decline’ trajectory. Equity demands that poor households, in particular, be shielded from any burden. Off-setting incentives, such as food subsidies or reduced VAT on basic goods, should in finance measure that which will ensure that the package of tax and incentives is a net benefit to the poor – and not to treat the tax as a revenue-raising instrument. With appropriate design, a carbon tax can be a powerful instrument of mitigation in South Africa, and at the same time, contribute to socio-economic objectives.
Dissemination of solar water heaters in South Africa
Authors: Chang Keh-Chin , Lin Wei-Min , Ross Greg , Chung Kung-Ming
Published: June 2019

Global concern over a looming energy crisis, water scarcity and man-made climate change are driving a huge demand for clean technologies, which focus on preserving the earth’s resources. In South Africa, the economy is very energy-intensive with coal being the main national energy supply. In view of the growing depletion of fossil fuel, it is important for South Africa to adopt a more sustainable energy mix. This study examines the potential for widespread dissemination of solar water heaters (SWHs) in South Africa. Barriers and constraints to market expansion are analyzed to determine strategies for overcoming these barriers. It is found that payback period of a SWH is shorter than the life-span of the system itself, indicating that SWHs are economically viable even with low production cost of electricity and thus represent a profitable investment proposition for end users, manufacturers and distributors. However, the subsidy programs offered by the government of South Africa may not be sufficient to facilitate diffusion. This is attributed to the high initial capital cost of the system and low affordability of the majority of the South Africa population with low income. Alternative financing mechanisms are required.
Industrial and commercial opportunities to utilise concentrating solar thermal systems in South Africa
Authors: Brent Alan , Pretorius Marthinus
Published: June 2019

A solar energy technology roadmap has been developed for South Africa. The roadmap lists a number of technological systems that fulfil three requirements from a South African perspective. First, they have clearly been demonstrated or commercialised. Second, a local industry could be stimulated including the potential to export, with associate socio-economic growth; and the other requirements of government can be met in terms of improving energy security and access, and addressing climate change. Third, they have a medium to high R&D intensity, in terms of available capacity and associate resources needed to support the further development of the technological systems. Concentrated Solar Thermal systems feature prominently in the list of technologies. These systems can generate electrical power, then referred to as Concentrating Solar Power systems, typically in the 1 to 100 MW range for on- and off-grid applications. They can also simply produce heat, typically in the 100 to 1000ºC range, primarily for commercial and industrial process applications. This paper discusses the international trends and drivers for these systems to generate power and heat, and then focuses on the specific potential in the South African context. A number of barriers to realizing the potential are discussed and recommendations are made accordingly to stimulate the growth of this industry sector in South Africa.
Rural Kansas Family Physician Satisfaction with Caring for Spanish-Speaking Only Patients
Authors: Neill Theresia , Irwin Gretchen , Owings C. Scott , Cathcart-Rake William
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Patient satisfaction with the care they receive can beinfluenced negatively by a language barrier between the physician andpatient. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the consequencesof a language barrier on physician satisfaction, althoughthis barrier has the potential to decrease physician wellness. Thisstudy sought to determine if a language barrier is a source of professionaldissatisfaction in family medicine physicians in rural Kansas.

Methods. In a cross-sectional study, members of the Kansas Academyof Family Physicians who practiced in the rural Kansas countieswith the highest percentage of Hispanic residents were surveyed. Aquestionnaire was developed to determine the demographics of thephysician, details regarding his or her practice, and percentage of Hispanicand Spanish-speaking only (SSO) patients in their practice.Physicians also were queried as to their level of Spanish-speakingability, availability of certified interpreters, and their satisfaction withcaring for their SSO patients.

Results. Fifty-two physicians were identified and sent questionnairesby mail. Eighteen questionnaires were completed and returned, resultingin a 34% response rate. Respondents remained anonymous. In thepractices surveyed, 61% of practice settings had a Hispanic-patientpopulation greater than 25%. Only one of the eighteen respondentshad greater than 25% of SSO patients in his or her practice. A certifiedinterpreter was used less than 25% of the time in over 75% ofthe clinical encounters with SSO patients. Seventy-five percent ofphysicians reported no difficulty establishing trust and rapport withtheir SSO patients. Eighty-nine percent of respondents rated theirrelationship with SSO patients as good to excellent, and 83% weresatisfied with the care they were able to provide this group. Seventyeightpercent of respondents reported that their ability to care forSSO patients decreased or had no effect on their professional satisfaction.Seventy-eight percent of physicians also rated their overallprofessional satisfaction in regards to their physician/patient relationshipas good to excellent. However, language barriers affectedphysician-patient relationships, physician satisfaction with care, andprofessional satisfaction.

Conclusion. Language barrier affected physician’s relationships withSSO patients, led to decreased physician satisfaction with the carethey provided and to decreased professional satisfaction.KS J Med 2017;10(4):79-83.
Kansas Provider Report of Adolescent Vaccinations in Their Practice
Authors: Padilla Serina , Homan Gretchen , Engel Matt , Ahlers-Schmidt Carolyn R. , Harris Kari
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Kansas falls consistently below average for adolescentvaccination of meningococcal (MCV), human papillomavirus(HPV), and influenza.

Methods. For this study, the members of Kansas Chapter of theAmerican Academy of Pediatrics were emailed a confidential electronicsurvey soliciting their impressions of vaccination in theirpractice.

Results. Of 137 providers emailed, 61 (45%) completed the survey.Thirteen providers were excluded as they did not see/vaccinate adolescentsor did not complete the survey. Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis(Tdap), and MCV vaccines were most commonly up to date with31 (65%) and 20 (42%) respondents reporting greater than 90%immunization rates, respectively. HPV (n = 42, 89%) and influenza(n = 40, 83%) vaccines had refusal rates greater than 25% in mostclinics. Most practices (n = 44, 92%) used internal electronic medicalrecords to track vaccinations, although 29 practices (60%) utilizedthe state immunization information system. Providers requestedvaccine-specific patient education tools, positive media coverage,staffing support, and best-practices workshops to support vaccinationefforts.

Conclusion. Kansas providers may not be optimizing availableresources to enhance these rates, such as Web IZ tracking and immunizationreminders. Patient education supplies, specific to HPV andInfluenza vaccination, potentially could increase vaccination rates.KS J Med 2017;10(4):84-87.
Pediatric Farm Injuries
Authors: Rathje Clint , Venegas Ashley , Helmer Stephen D. , Drake Rachel M. , Ward Jeanette G. , Haan James M.
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Agriculture is an industry where family members oftenlive and work on the same premises. This study evaluated injury patternsand outcomes in children from farm-related accidents.

Methods. A 10-year retrospective review of farm-accident relatedinjuries was conducted of patients 17 years and younger. Data collectedincluded demographics, injury mechanism, accident details, injuryseverity and patterns, treatments required, hospitalization details, anddischarge disposition.

Results. Sixty-five patients were included; 58.5% were male and themean age was 9.7 years. Median Injury Severity Score and GlasgowComa Scale were 5 and 15, respectively. Accident mechanisms includedanimal-related (43.1%), fall (21.5%), and motor vehicle (21.5%).Soft tissue injuries, concussions and upper extremity fractures werethe most common injuries observed (58.5%, 29.2%, and 26.2%,respectively). Twenty-six patients (40%) required surgical intervention.Mean hospital length of stay was 3.4 ± 4.7 days. The majority ofpatients were discharged to home (n = 62, 95.4%) and two patientssuffered permanent disability.

Conclusion. Overall, outcomes for this population were favorable,but additional measures to increase safety, such as fall prevention,animal handling, and driver safety training should be advocated.KS J Med 2017;10(4):92-95.
Exploring the Impact of Group Size on KANSAS JOURNAL of MEDIC INE Medical Students’ Perception of Learning and Professional Development During Clinical Rotations
Authors: Ofei-Dodoo Samuel , Goerl Kyle , Moser Scott
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Research assessing the size of learning groups inmedical education and how that affects the learner’s experience islimited. The main goals of the study were to (1) assess the effect ofvarying group size on medical students’ subjective experiences duringclinical years. We hypothesized that students in smaller groups weremore likely to have better experiences during clinical rotation thanthose in larger groups, and (2) determine if medical students havedesirable experiences working with other medical learners (fellows,residents, osteopathic students, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners)during clinical rotations.

Methods. The study utilized a mixed method approach where 153medical students in their clinical years were asked to complete a10-item survey. A linear-by-linear association test of trend andMann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate the students’ quantitativedata. A multidisciplinary team used an immersion-crystallizationapproach to analyze the content of the students’ qualitative data.

Results. There was a 90% (137/153) response rate. Most students(80%) reported desirable experiences during clinical rotationsbecause of supportive learning environments, engaging preceptors,willingness of residents to teach, as well as the opportunity to participatein patient care. There were significant differences in students’perceived clinical experiences as a function of group size, wheregroups of two students were preferable over groups of four or more.

Conclusions. Varying group size appears to affect students’ clinicalexperiences. Kans J Med 2018;11(3):70-75.
Bypassing Government: Aid Effectiveness and Malawi’s Local Development Fund
Authors: Chasukwa Michael , Banik Dan
Published: June 2019

Many practical and action-oriented international roadmaps to improve the quality of aid and its delivery and impact on development—including the Paris Declaration, Accra Agenda for Action, and Busan Partnership—emphasize a more active involvement of domestic institutions and procedures. Despite widespread agreement among both donor and recipient countries on this issue, we find that aid often tends to bypass national institutional structures. This practice is sometimes justified on grounds of high levels of political and administrative corruption and weak implementation capacity in recipient country bureaucracies. We examine how and to what extent multilateral and bilateral development agencies bypass national and local government institutions while channeling aid and the impact of such practices on aid effectiveness in Africa. Based on an empirical study of project aid and budget support provided to Malawi by the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and the German Economic Group, we argue that earmarked funding, specialized procurement arrangements, and the proliferation of Project Management Units are among the mechanisms used to circumvent the involvement of national institutions. We conclude that while such practices may achieve short-term gains by displaying successful and visible ‘donorship’, the long-term impact is more uncertain. The bypassing of local institutions results in fragmentation of aid, lack of coordination among aid industry actors, and a general weakening of policy space and domestic capacity to formulate and implement development policy.
PRODUÇÃO DE SENTIDOS NO PIBID MATEMÁTICA: FUGA E PERPETUAÇÃO DO DISCURSO AUTORITÁRIO
Authors: Marcatto Flávia Sueli Fabiani , Cunha Cibele Faria
Published: June 2019

Este artigo relata uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo investigar nos portfólios produzidos pelos bolsistas de Iniciação à Docência (ID) do subprojeto Matemática, do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), entre os anos de 2014 e 2017, a presença ou a ausência do Discurso Pedagógico, caracterizado como autoritário por Orlandi (2011). Nesta investigação, fomos amparados por Orlandi (2005, 2010, 2011), como suporte teórico-metodológico para a caracterização do Discurso Pedagógico, e para a interpretação dos recortes discursivos com a inspiração na Análise do Discurso. A interpretação empreendida nos fez questionar a permanência de discursos que há muito são legitimados pela escola em meio a propostas concretas de ressignificação de Iniciação à Docência e pensar em alternativas de fuga dos discursos perpetuados para que não venham a influenciar as práticas dos futuros docentes.
MATERIAL MANIPULATIVO NA PRÁTICA DOCENTE EM MATEMÁTICA: PERCEPÇÕES DOS BOLSISTAS DO PIBID
Authors: Mello Kelen Berra de , Oliveira Michele Brancaglione de
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho objetiva analisar as contribuições que o uso de materiais manipuláveis durante o Pibid trouxe para a prática docente em Matemática dos bolsistas, com a intenção de promover reflexões sobre a formação de professores de Matemática. Nesse contexto, procura-se identificar quais são as percepções geradas pelos bolsistas durante a participação no programa e na prática docente sobre os materiais manipuláveis. Assim, primeiramente disserta-se a respeito dos materiais manipuláveis no ensino da Matemática, englobando sua definição, função, contexto histórico e utilização. Após, discute-se sobre o Pibid e suas atribuições na formação de professores. A pesquisa realizada neste trabalho caracteriza-se como qualitativa, considerando e interpretando as opiniões e discursos dos bolsistas acerca do assunto. O público-alvo desta pesquisa foram os bolsistas do Pibid, subprojeto de Matemática do IFRS – Campus Caxias do Sul que lecionam ou já lecionaram na rede básica de ensino no período de 2014 - 2017. Ainda, a pesquisa ocorreu por meio de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, guiadas por um roteiro. Como resultado, constatou-se que, os bolsistas estiveram em constante contato com os materiais manipuláveis durante a participação no Pibid. Neste processo, os bolsistas tiveram a oportunidade de usar estes materiais com os alunos, gerando experiências em sala de aula. Pôde-se perceber que os bolsistas reconheceram e utilizaram estes recursos como um meio de auxílio no processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos. Dessa maneira, identificou-se a existência de contribuições no exercício docente, bem como nas reflexões sobre o ensino da Matemática.
Formação inicial de professores que ensinam matemática: experiência formativa a partir do PIBID
Authors: Santos Edilson De Araújo dos , Lacanallo Arrais Luciana Figueiredo
Published: June 2019

Neste texto apresentamos os resultados intervenção junto aos participantes do subprojeto pedagogia Foco Matemática do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) (campus sede).O objetivo central é expor o movimento de aprendizagem e o processo de formação do pensamento teórico do professor a partir da produção de uma atividade de ensino. As fontes de análise constituem-se do experimento formativo do grupo e de registros das ações dos professores no processo de organização do ensino de matemática para os anos inicias de escolarização. Desde 2014, várias ações foram desenvolvidas até início de 2018, no sentido de auxiliar os pibidianos a compreenderem o que e como ensinar matemática para alunos dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental I. Temos como princípios teóricos a Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e a Teoria Histórico-Cultural, que valorizam a função da escola para o desenvolvimento humano a partir da apropriação do conhecimento científico e defendem a ação docente na condução do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Em síntese, as ações de ensino e de estudo contribuíram para a formação do pensamento teórico dos docentes. Esperamos com este trabalho aumentar a quantidade de argumentos que justifiquem a qualidade dos trabalhos desenvolvidos por meio do PIBID.
El caso del cuentacuentos (publicidad y ficción, ficción y publicidad)
Authors: Vidal Silva Pedro
Published: June 2019

La publicidad, emergida en la modernidad, adopta inicialmente, en su manifestación más habitual, la forma de la ciencia, es decir la de un discurso argumentativo. Pero la saturación y falta de eficacia hacen buscar nuevas posibilidades expresivas. Adopta, entonces, la forma de relato. Pero con el tiempo esos relatos de ficción transcienden la acción individual de cada mensaje y pasan a conformar un corpus, de naturaleza ideológica, que altera la función principal que la publicidad cumple en las sociedades que han ido un paso más allá de la posmodernidad. Metodológicamente se hace un sucinto repaso a los distintos sujetos del sistema en su relación con el tópico de cabecera, en su doble manifestación mutua.
La comunicación institucional ante el reto de la responsabilidad social
Authors: Madrigal Barrón Patricia
Published: June 2019

El mundo está cambiando. Las instituciones operan en un entorno de transformación, que las obliga a estar en constante adaptación. Este texto estudia una de esas transformaciones, el creciente papel de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, y pretende ayudar a las instituciones en los nuevos escenarios. De la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) nos centraremos en la labor que ha de desempeñar la comunicación. Estudiaremos una entidad de éxito en materia de comunicación de su RSC, como ejemplo de ayuda para las instituciones en su necesidad de adaptación a los nuevos tiempos.
Unas bases epistemológico-hermenéuticas prácticas para la comunicación institucional
Authors: Reig Ramón
Published: June 2019

Este ensayo se escribe sobre la base del estudio e investigación universitaria y también a partir de la experiencia profesional en comunicación institucional. Parte de una preocupación del autor: la necesidad de que, en este caso, el comunicador institucional, al igual que todo periodista, debe poseer unas bases cognitivas amplias que son anteriores a la utilización de otras exigencias como nuevas tecnologías o idiomas. No se debe descuidar la formación epistemológica en aras de una excesiva mecanización o servilismo a la cibernética porque el dominio del continente profesional puede resultar inútil sin la posesión de un buen “software” cultural.
Incidencia de los estilos de dirección en la calidad educativa de las instituciones públicas en la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Flórez Flórez Jennifer , Suárez Molina Verónica Johana , Ochoa Daza Pedro Elías
Published: June 2019

El desarrollo de esta investigación se establece a partir de un estudio multi caso de tres instituciones del sector público en la ciudad de Bogotá, en ella se parte de un constructo teórico alrededor de los estilos de dirección, dirección educativa y los factores endógenos y exógenos que inciden en el quehacer de sus directivos, además de la incidencia de estos aspectos en la calidad educativa de las instituciones, a través de la ejecución de procesos de mejora continua, de acuerdo con lineamientos del Ministerio de Educación Nacional de cada Plan Nacional de Desarrollo. Se parte de un análisis cualitativo, con enfoque hermenéutico en el que se consideran relevante la participación de profesores, directivos y coordinadores de las instituciones para indagar sobre su percepción y definir entre los hallazgos, características, habilidades y las dinámicas de gestión por las que debe propender un directivo de instituciones públicas del sector educativo
Front Matter
Authors: Indiana Health Law Review Indiana Health Law Review
Published: June 2019

Contains introductory information, author list, subscription information and table of contents.
The Vaccine No-Fault Act: An Overview
Authors: Rabin Robert L.
Published: June 2019

No Info.
Perspective on Economic Critiques of Disability Law: The Multifaceted Federal Role in Balancing Equity and Efficiency
Authors: Burleson Elizabeth
Published: June 2019

No Info.
Screendance: The Aesthetics of Ironic Consciousness
Authors: Piper Virginia
Published: June 2019

No abstract availableThis article was originally published by Parallel Press, an imprint of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, as part of The International Journal of Screendance, Volume 2 (2012), Parallel Press. It is made available here with the kind permission of Parallel Press.
Screendance: Aesthetics of Media and Consumer Visual Culture
Authors: Sprague Terry
Published: June 2019

No abstract availableThis article was originally published by Parallel Press, an imprint of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, as part of The International Journal of Screendance, Volume 2 (2012), Parallel Press. It is made available here with the kind permission of Parallel Press.
The Parallel Universe and the Pensive Practitioner: Reflections on Screendance Prompted by Laura Mulvey's "Pensive Spectator"
Authors: Norman Kyra
Published: June 2019

No abstract availableThis article was originally published by Parallel Press, an imprint of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, as part of The International Journal of Screendance, Volume 2 (2012), Parallel Press. It is made available here with the kind permission of Parallel Press.