bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients of T4 stage who are in status of N1 stage or older than 76 years cannot benefit from Cytoreductive Nephrectomy
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Wu Hongliang , Yang Tong , Wu Yaohai , Yu Nengwang , Xu Zhonghua
Published: April 2020

Background: We aimed to identify which part of the patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is not suitable for cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN).Methods: The data of mRCC patients was acquired from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Multivariate cox regression analysis and nomogram were performed for selecting factors independently associated with survival. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to reduce potential bias when comparing survival of mRCC patients treated by CN or non-surgery (NS). The survival analysis of subgroups was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by log-rank testing. The summary of subgroup analysis was showed by forest plots. Results: The records of 21411 patients with mRCC were obtained from the SEER database. After screening, a total of 6532 patients were included for further analysis, of which 6043 underwent CN and 489 underwent NS. Age, T stage, N stage and tumor size were involved in subgroup analysis by PSM according to the result of multivariate cox regression analysis and clinical experience. Survival benefit was not found in T4 stage patients. Further analysis showed that T4&N1 and T4&age≥76yr subgroups could not obtain survival benefit from CN.Conclusion: CN should not be performed in T4 stage mRCC patients who were in status of N1 stage or older than 76 years, because surgery cannot take significant survival benefit for them.
Rural-Urban Differences in the Mental Health of Perinatal Women: A UK-based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ginja Samuel , Jackson Katherine , Newham James J , Henderson Emily J , Smart Debbie , Lingam Raghu
Published: April 2020

Background: International data suggest that living in a rural area is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mental illness. This study tested the association between rurality and two mental illnesses prevalent in perinatal women - depression and anxiety. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, antenatal and postnatal women were approached by healthcare professionals and through other networks in North Yorkshire (England, UK). After providing informed consent, women completed a questionnaire where they indicated their postcode (used to determine rural-urban status) and completed three outcome measures: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Whooley (depression measure), and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2). Logistic regression models were developed, both unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders, including socioeconomic status, social support and perinatal stage. Results: 295 participants provided valid data. Women in rural areas (n=130) were mostly comparable to their urban counterparts (n=165). Higher rates of depression and/or anxiety were found in the rural group across all models: unadjusted OR 1.67 95% CI 1.03 to 2.72, p=.038. This difference though indicative did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for socioeconomic status and perinatal stage (OR 1.57 (0.40), 95% CI 0.95 to 2.58, p=.078), and for social support (OR 1.65 (0.46), 95% CI 0.96 to 2.84, p=.070). Conclusions: The evidence, though limited, suggests a higher prevalence of mental illness amongst perinatal women in rural areas. The underlying mechanisms for this increased prevalence need to be explored further in order to inform future interventions.
Exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and practices among health care workers in Northern Tanzania.
Authors: Mgongo Melina , Mlay Bertha , Damian Damian Jeremia , Amour Caroline , Leyaro Beatrice John , Msuya Sia Emmanuel
Published: April 2020

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice is one of the interventions improving child survival. Health workers have been shown to be vital in influencing EBF practices.Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and supportive practices on EBF among healthcare workers Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted between April - June 2011 health care providers working in 36 randomly selected health facilities of Hai and Siha districts. A questionnaire was used to obtain information. Observation of health worker-client interaction was conducted using a check list.Results: A total of 250 health workers participated in this study. The majority (80 %) had adequate knowledge of EBF. However, 36 % of providers believed light porridge should be introduced after 4 months and 43 % believed infants will feel thirsty on breast- milk alone. Only 7 % of providers answered correctly on skills of support, positioning and attachment. Fifty percent of the facilities with labour/maternity wards gave breastfeeding lessons to post delivery women. The majority (90 %) gave theoretical information, without practical demonstration with positioning and/or attachment of the baby to the breast.Conclusion: Providers had adequate theoretical knowledge of EBF but lacked important skills to support women in breastfeeding practices. Few labor/maternity facilities used the opportunity to educate women on EBF. Pre- and in-service health providers’ training on breastfeeding should target improved practical skills.
Best Practices in Achieving Universal Health Coverage: A Scoping Review
Authors: Koohpayehzadeh Jalil , Azami-Aghdash Saber , Derakhshani Naser , Rezapour Aziz , Kalajahi Riaz Alaei , Khasraghi Javad Sajjadi , Nikoomanesh Mahdi , Sabetrohani Hamideh , Soleimanpour Samira
Published: April 2020

Background: Universal health coverage (UHC) is a very important and effective policy in the health system of countries worldwide. Using the experiences and learning from the best practices of successful countries in the UHC can be very helpful. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to provide a scoping review of successful global interventions and practices in achieving UHC.Methods: The present study is a scoping review study has conducted using the Arkesy and O'Malley framework. To gather information the databases of Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, SID and MagIran have searched using the keywords of Universal health coverage, Universal healthcare coverage, Universal health care coverage, Strength*, Transfer*, interventions, improve*, program*, innovations, initiative, Financing, "Service delivery", Stewardship, "Resource generation", from 2000 to 2019. Content-Analysis was also used to analyze the data.Results: Out of 4257 articles, 57 evidence finally included in the study. The results showed that of the 40 countries that had successful interventions, most were Asian. The interventions were financial protection (40 interventions that categorized to 14 items), service coverage (31 interventions that categorized to 7 items), population coverage (36 interventions that categorized to 9 items) and quality (18 interventions that categorized to 7 items) respectively. Also, the successful result were conducted financial protection (14 items), service coverage (7 items), population coverage (9 items) and quality (7 items)) respectively.Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive and clear view of successful interventions in achieving to UHC. Therefore, with consideration to lessons learned from successful interventions, policymakers can be designing appropriate interventions to their country.
Accurate Determination of Genotypic Variance of Cell Wall Characteristics of a Populus trichocarpa Pedigree Using High-Throughput Pyrolysis-Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Harman-Ware Anne Elizabeth , Macaya-Sans David , Abeyratne Chanaka Roshan , Doeppke Crissa , Haiby Kathleen , Tuskan Gerald A. , Stanton Brian , DiFazio Stephen P. , Davis Mark F.
Published: April 2020

Background
Pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) analysis of a pedigree of Populus trichocarpa was performed to study the phenotypic plasticity and heritability of lignin content and lignin monomer composition. Instrumental and microspatial environmental variability were observed in the spectral features and corrected to reveal underlying genetic variance of biomass composition.
Results
Lignin-derived ions were highly impacted by microspatial environmental variation which demonstrates phenotypic plasticity of lignin composition in Populus trichocarpa biomass. Broad-sense heritability of lignin composition after correcting for microspatial and instrumental variation was determined to be H2 = 0.56 based on py-MBMS based on ions known to derive from lignin. Heritability of lignin monomeric syringyl/guaiacyl ratio (S/G) was H2 = 0.81. Broad-sense heritability was also high (up to H2 = 0.79) for ions derived from other components of the biomass including phenolics (e.g., salicylates) and C5 sugars (e.g., xylose). Lignin and phenolic ion abundances were primarily driven by maternal effects, and paternal effects were either similar or stronger for the most heritable carbohydrate-derived ions.
Conclusions
We have shown that many biopolymer-derived ions from py-MBMS show substantial phenotypic plasticity in response to microenvironmental variation in plantations. Nevertheless, broad-sense heritability for biomass composition can be quite high after correcting for spatial environmental variation. This work outlines the importance in accounting for instrumental and microspatial environmental variation in biomass composition data for applications in heritability measurements and genomic selection for breeding poplar for renewable fuels and materials.
Whole transcriptome in-silico screening implicates cardiovascular and infectious disease in the mechanism of action underlying atypical antipsychotic side-effects
Authors: Malekizadeh Yasaman , Williams Gareth , Kelson Mark , Whitfield David R , Mill Jonathan , Collier David A , Ballard Clive , Jeffries Aaron R , Creese Byron
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND
Stroke/thromboembolic events, infections and death are all significantly increased by antipsychotics in dementia but little is known about why they can be harmful. Using a novel application of a drug repurposing paradigm, we aimed to identify potential mechanisms underlying adverse events.
METHODS
Whole transcriptome signatures were generated for SH-SY5Y cells treated with amisulpride, risperidone and volinanserin using RNA-sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis was performed which scored the association between antipsychotic signatures and expression data from 415,252 samples in the NCBI GEO repository.
RESULTS
Atherosclerosis, venous thromboembolism and influenza NCBI GEO-derived samples scored positively against antipsychotic signatures. Pathways enriched in antipsychotic signatures were linked to the cardiovascular and immune systems (e.g. BDNF, PDGFR-beta, TNF, TGF-beta, selenoamino acid metabolism and influenza infection).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings for the first time mechanistically link antipsychotics to specific cardiovascular and infectious diseases which are known side effects of their use in dementia, providing new information to explain related adverse events.
Delineation of molecular findings by whole exome sequencing for suspected cases of paediatric-onset mitochondrial diseases in the Southern Chinese population
Authors: Tsang Mandy Ho-Yin , Kwong Anna Ka-Yee , Chan Kate Lok-San , Fung Jasmine Lee-Fong , Yu Mullin Ho-Chung , Mak Christopher Chun-Yu , Yeung Kit-San , Rodenburg Richard J.T. , Smeitink Jam A.M. , Chan Rachel , Tsoi Thomas , Hui Joannie , Wong Sheila Suet-Na , Tai Shuk-Mui , Chan Victor Chi-Man , Ma Che-Kwan , Fung Tsiu-Hang Sharon , Wu Shun-Ping , Chan WK , Chung Brian Hon-Yin , Fung Cheuk-wing
Published: April 2020

Background Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by defects in oxidative phosphorylation. Since clinical phenotypes of MDs may be non-specific, genetic diagnosis is crucial for guiding disease management. In the current study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for our paediatric-onset MD cohort of a Southern Chinese origin, with the aim of identifying key disease-causing variants in the Chinese patients with MDs.Methods We recruited Chinese patients who had paediatric-onset MDs and a minimum mitochondrial disease criteria (MDC) score of 3. Patients with positive target gene or mitochondrial DNA sequencing results were excluded. WES was performed, variants with population frequency ≤1% were analysed for pathogenicity on the basis of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.Results Sixty-six patients with pre-biopsy MDC scores of 3–8 were recruited. The overall diagnostic yield was 35% (23/66). Eleven patients (17%) were found to have mutations in MD-related genes, with COQ4 having the highest mutation rate owing to the Chinese-specific founder mutation (4/66, 6%). Twelve patients (12/66, 18%) had mutations in non-MD-related genes: ATP1A3 (n=3, two were siblings), ALDH5A1, ARX, FA2H, KCNT1, LDHD, NEFL, NKX2-2, TBCK, and WAC.Conclusions We confirmed that the COQ4:c.370G>A, p.(Gly124Ser) variant was a recurrent founder mutation among the Southern Chinese population. Screening for this mutation should therefore be considered while diagnosing Chinese patients suspected to have MDs. Furthermore, WES has proven to be useful in detecting variants in patients suspected to have MDs because it helps to obtain an unbiased and precise genetic diagnosis for these diseases, which are genetically heterogeneous.
Radiological changes of serial CT examinations in patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Xu Qian , Shi Lin , Li Mengshuang , Dong Lina , Cai Lulu , Duan Shaofeng , Xu Kai
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To find the pulmonary CT imaging characteristics in patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Method: Twenty patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. We analyzed the changes of four pulmonary CT imaging manifestations (ground glass opacity, consolidation, crazy paving sign and cord/band sign) in patients during hospitalization. The disease course was divided into four stages: early stage (0-4 days), progressive stage (5-8 days), peak stage (9-13 days) and absorption stage (≥14 days).Results: There were 12 male and 8 female with an average age of 45±16 years. In the first three stages, GGO was the most common sign on CT imaging. Then, the proportion of GGO decreased in the absorption stage compared with the first three stages (P<0.05). The proportion of crazy paving sign peaked in the progressive stage and then declined, with statistical difference between the progressive stage and the absorption stage (P<0.05). Cord/band sign was increasing from the early stage to the absorption stage, and statistical differences were found between the early stage and the peak stage (P<0.05), as well as the absorption stage and the first three stages (P<0.05). No statistical differences of consolidation proportion were found among the four stages.Conclusions: CT imaging showed different characteristics during the four stages. The proportion of cord/band sign significantly increased in the third stage, which might be an indicator of COVID-19 improvement.
Qualitative study on the social meanings of using mask during COVID-19 outbreak: implications for infection control
Authors: Lin Xiule , Wei Duncan , Deng Xiulian , Chen Haohao , Shu ZhouWu , Mo You
Published: April 2020

Background: To analyze the perceptions and behaviors related to mask-using in non-medical staff. To protect against respiratory and provide insights on using mask and provide directions for the prevention of infection and health protection.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 non-medical staff from various backgrounds to reflect a diversity of viewpoints during the peak season of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) since February to March in 2020. A phenomenological approach was adopted for data analysis.Results: Multiple themes emerged: (1) Effective informs and reporting of disease information had raised public awareness of wearing mask. (2) Shortage of masks and reuse exist in the implementation process. (3) The shortage of masks will be dealt by distribution in unified way and increasing production.Conclusions: This study documented non-medical staff perceptions and experiences using mask before the outbreak and this epidemic period. Participants felt that the most effective approach to solve the problem of mask shortage in China is combine prevention infection measures, uniform distribution of masks, material reserve in public health system.
Screening Thermal Shock as an Apple Blossom Thinning Method. II. Pollen Tube Growth and Spur Leaf Injury in Response to Temperature and Duration of Thermal Shock
Authors: Kon Thomas M. , Schupp Melanie A. , Winzeler Hans E. , Schupp James R.
Published: April 2020

Blossom thinning can confer significant benefits to apple growers, including increased fruit size and annual bearing. However, current blossom thinning practices can damage spur leaves and/or fruit. We evaluated the use of short duration forced heated air treatments [thermal shock (TS)] as a blossom thinning strategy for ‘York Imperial’. Using a variable-temperature heat gun, TS treatments were applied to solitary blossoms 24 hours after pollination. Effects of output temperature (five levels) and treatment duration (four levels) were evaluated using a completely randomized design with a factorial treatment structure. Short duration treatments (0.5 and 1.0 seconds) were ineffective for arresting pollen tube growth in vivo. TS temperature required to inhibit stylar pollen tube growth was inconsistent across years. In 2014, TS temperatures ≥56 °C inhibited pollen tubes from reaching the style base at 2.0 and 4.0 second durations. However, in 2015, TS temperatures ≥81 °C at 4.0 seconds prevented pollen tubes from reaching the style base. Inconsistent effects of TS across years were attributed to treatments being applied too late due to optimal conditions for pollen tube growth during the intervening 24-hour period after pollination. Excessive injury to spur leaf tissue was observed at temperatures higher than 84 °C and 70 °C (2.0 and 4.0 seconds, respectively). Pollen tube growth was reduced or arrested at temperature and duration combinations that caused minimal visible injury to spur leaves. Identifying and exploiting structural differences between apple blossoms and vegetative spur leaves may provide insight for the future development of TS or other attempts at developing selective thinning technologies.
On duality between Cosserat elasticity and fractons
Authors: Gromov Andrey , Surowka Piotr
Published: April 2020

We present a dual formulation of the Cosserat theory of elasticity. In this theory a local element of an elastic body is described in terms of local displacement and local orientation. Upon the duality transformation these degrees of freedom map onto a coupled theory of a U(1) vector-valued one-form gauge field and an ordinary U(1) gauge field. We discuss the degrees of freedom in the corresponding gauge theories, relation to symmetric tensor gauge theories, the defect matter and coupling to the curved space.
Collective oscillations of a two-component Fermi gas on the repulsive branch
Authors: Karpiuk Tomasz , Grochowski Piotr , Brewczyk Miroslaw , Rzążewski Kazimierz
Published: April 2020

We calculate frequencies of collective oscillations of two-component Fermi gas that is kept on the repulsive branch of its energy spectrum.
Not only is a paramagnetic phase explored, but also a ferromagnetically separated one.
Both in-, and out-of-phase perturbations are investigated, showing contributions from various gas excitations.
Additionally, we compare results coming from both time-dependent Hartree-Fock and density-functional approaches.
Stratigraphy and age of Karoo basalts of Lesotho and implications for correlations within the Karoo igneous province. Sani Pass.xls
Authors: Marsh Julian S , Hooper Peter R , Rehacek Jakub , Duncan Robert A. , R. Duncan Alasdair
Published: April 2020

The Lesotho remnant contains the type succession for Karoo low-Ti
basalts of central southern Africa. The 40Ar/39Ar dating indicates that
the sequence was emplaced within a very short period at about 180 Ma and
consists of a monotonous pile of compound basalt lava flows which lacks
significant palaeosols and persistent sedimentary intercalations. We have used
geochemistry to establish a stratigraphic subdivision of the lava pile. Thin
units of basalt flows, the Moshesh's Ford, Golden Gate, Sani, Roma, Letele, and
Wonderkop units, with diverse geochemical character and restricted geographical
distribution, are present at the base of the succession. These are overlain by extensive
units of compositionally more uniform basalt, the Mafika Lisiu, Maloti, Senqu
and Mothae units, which build the bulk of the sequence.
Location of this section is
described in Marsh et al. (1997) AGU Geophysical Monograph, 100, 247-272.

Title of data set: Sani Pass
The chemistry and petrogenesis of igneous rocks of the Karoo central area, southern Africa. 1984. Kraai River Pass.xls
Authors: Eales Hugh V , Marsh Julian S
Published: April 2020

Analyses in this dataset are from
the following primary sources:

Bowen, MP (1979) Some
petrological aspects of the Omega Member flow unit, Barkly East District.
Unpublished BSc Honours project, Rhodes University, 83pp.

Pemberton, M (1979) A study of
the massive unit of the Omega Member near Barkly East. Unpublished BSc Honours
project, Rhodes University, 44pp

Minne, HFD (1975) A study of a
sequence of lava flows in the lower part of the Drakensberg Subgroup near
Barkly East. Unpublished BSC Honours project, Rhodes University, 38pp

Pemberton, J (1978) The
geochemistry and petrology of Karoo basalts of the Barkly East area,
north-eastern Cape. Unpublished MSc thesis, Rhodes University, 139pp

Barrie, PD (1977) The Kraai River
Formation: a petrographical and geochemical study of an occurrence in the
vicinity of Barkly East. Unpublished BSC Honours project, Rhodes University.

Major element analyses from
original source. All trace elements redetermined
in 2004.
Decision-making in conditions of expansion of eco-innovations based on the socioeconomic effects in the system “company-region-state”
Authors: Shkarupa Olena , O. Aiyedogbon John , Kucherenko Polina
Published: April 2020

The article examines the current issues of managing the effectiveness of eco-innovations and their impact on the “company-region-state” system using the example of waste management in Ukraine. The goal of the article is to justify the choice of an effective eco-innovation financing strategy, in which the most significant socio-economic effect is achieved for the investor. Systematization of literary sources and approaches to solving the problems of innovation management enables to determine an appropriate strategy to support resource-efficient activities in the region considering the economic efficiency of eco-innovations. The choice of mathematically sound management decisions in the system “company-region-state” should be made in respect with the consequences for the sustainable development of the region. The article presents the developed approach to calculating the sequence of investment in the management of eco-innovations using the example of solid waste management. The research methods are based on systematic approach, decision theory, and the Bellman dynamic equation. The system of innovations concerning solid waste management in the city of Sumy was profoundly studied. The research empirically confirms that the most effective strategy is to build a waste sorting station using a separate waste collection. The results of the study also substantiate that the implementation of solid waste separate collection in the city of Sumy currently requires a change in investment approach.
AcknowledgmentThis research was prepared as a part of the scientific project “Modeling the Transfer of Eco-Innovations in the Enterprise-Region-State System: Impact on Ukraine’s Economic Growth and Security” (No. 0119U100364) and “Development of fundamental principles of reproduction mechanism of the social and economic development during the Third industrial revolution” (No. 0118U003578), which were financed by the state budget of Ukraine.
As transformações do capitalismo contemporâneo e seus impactos na periferia: uma interpretação sobre a crise brasileira recente
Authors: Ribeiro Valéria Lopes
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho apresenta uma interpretação sobre as transformações do capitalismo contemporâneo e em que medida estas mudanças vêm influenciando as trajetórias de crescimento e desenvolvimento das economias periféricas nos anos recentes, mais especificamente, a economia brasileira. O objetivo do estudo é analisar como as transformações estruturais do capitalismo contemporâneo se uniram às contradições de ordem interna, ligadas a políticas macroeconômicas e tensões resultantes do conflito distributivo para, a partir daí, interromper a trajetória de crescimento vivenciada pelo Brasil entre 2004 e 2011. A hipótesedo trabalho é de que, embora os aspectos internos sejam fundamentais para a compreensão da crise, eles devem se aliar a interpretação mais ampla, que leve em consideração o atual momento do capitalismo contemporâneo. Esta hipótese será desenvolvida a partir da análise de mudanças observadas na economia internacional ao longo das últimas décadas, ligadas ao acirramento das contradições do modo de produção capitalista e ao acirramento das disputas interestatais.
A hydrological modelling-based approach for vulnerable area identification under changing climate scenarios
Authors: Dash Sonam S. , Sena Dipaka R. , Mandal Uday , Kumar Anil , Kumar Gopal , Mishra Prasant K. , Rawat Monika
Published: April 2020

The hydrologic behaviour of the Brahmani River basin (BRB) (39,633.90 km2), India was assessed for the base period (1970–1999) and future climate scenarios (2050) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Monthly streamflow data of 2000–2009 and 2010–2012 was used for calibration and validation, respectively, and performed satisfactorily with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (ENS) of 0.52–0.55. The projected future climatic outcomes of the HadGEM2-ES model indicated that minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation may increase by 1.11–3.72 °C, 0.27–2.89 °C, and 16–263 mm, respectively, by 2050. The mean annual streamflow over the basin may increase by 20.86, 11.29, 4.45, and 37.94% under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5, respectively, whereas the sediment yield is likely to increase by 23.34, 10.53, 2.45, and 27.62% under RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5, respectively, signifying RCP 8.5 to be the most adverse scenario for the BRB. Moreover, a ten-fold increase in environmental flow (defined as Q90) by the mid-century period is expected under the RCP 8.5 scenario. The vulnerable area assessment revealed that the increase in moderate and high erosion-prone regions will be more prevalent in the mid-century. The methodology developed herein could be successfully implemented for identification and prioritization of critical zones in worldwide river basins.
Effects of capillary wicking irrigation on soil moisture, plant growth and surface temperature of green roof with rain storage
Authors: Cheng Dingpu , Zhang Qingtao , Huang Siyu
Published: April 2020

In this study, the authors designed and applied a new irrigation method called capillary wicking irrigation (CWI), which used microfiber fabric as the source material of irrigation. At present, the effects of CWI on soil moisture, plant growth and surface temperature of a green roof with rain storage are not clear. An experiment was conducted on a green roof in Guangzhou. The authors set three transparent Plexiglas containers (A, B and C) with a side length of 1.5 m as an experimental frame on the roof. The authors put ‘steering wheel’ microfiber CWI in containers A and C, which were planted with Sedum lineare Thunb and Fittonia verschaffeltii, respectively. Container B with no CWI was planted with Sedum lineare Thunb. Results indicated that CWI could increase soil water content and make the variation of soil water content gentle in the containers on the roof. The green roof with rain storage had the function of heat preservation in winter and cooling effect in summer, especially for the green roof with CWI. Compared with container B, container A gave better plant growth, for ‘steering wheel’ microfiber CWI can basically provide automatic and suitable water supply for the plant. Therefore, CWI is an effective infiltration irrigation technique for roof greening.
Los mitos como parte del sistema de creencias de los indígenas de Baja California
Authors: Bendímez Patterson Julia , Navejas Raúl
Published: April 2020

Los indígenas de la península tenían sistemas de creencias, mitos y rituales que conjuntamente se pueden definir como una religión o religiones. En este trabajo se examinan particularmente los mitos y algunos rituales como parte de la cosmovisión de los californios.
Development of Physical Breast Phantoms for X-ray Imaging Employing 3D Printing Techniques
Authors: Malliori A. , Daskalaki A. , Dermitzakis A. , Pallikarakis N.
Published: April 2020

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the use of 3D printing techniques for the fabrication of physical breast phantoms, suitable for conventional and phase contrast breast imaging. Such phantoms could provide essential information for the design, development and optimization of emerging X-ray imaging modalities.

Materials and Methods:

Physical phantoms were constructed using two 3D printing techniques: Fused Deposition Modeling and Stereolithography. Eight materials suitable for 3D printing, including thermoplastic filaments and photopolymer resins, were investigated for the optimal representation of breast tissues, based on their attenuation and refractive characteristics. The phantoms consisted of a 3D-printed mold, which was then manually filled with paraffin wax. Additionally, a 3D complex-patterned layer and details representing abnormalities were embedded in different depths. Images of the phantoms were obtained in attenuation and phase contrast mode. Experiments were conducted using an X-ray microfocus tube with Tungsten anode set to 55kVp, combined with a photon-counting detector. The distance between source and detector was 56.5cm. The images were acquired at different object-to-detector distances starting from 5cm up to 40cm in a free space propagation set-up.

Results and Conclusion:

Results show that among all combinations with paraffin used as an adipose substitute, phantoms created with the Stereolithography technique and resins (especially Flex) as glandular equivalent, were found to be more appropriate for both attenuation and phase contrast imaging. The edge enhancement effect was well observed in the experimental images acquired at 35cm object-to-detector distance, indicating the potential for improved feature visualization using this set-up in phase contrast compared to attenuation mode.
GÖRSEL SANATLAR ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ÖĞRETMENLİK MESLEĞİNE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI VE ÖĞRETMENLİK ÖZ YETERLİK İNANÇLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Kara Sema
Published: April 2020

Özet: Bu
çalışmada Eğitim ve Güzel Sanatlar Fakültelerinde öğrenim gören görsel sanatlar
öğrencilerin öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumları ve öğretmenlik öz yeterlik
inançlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nedensel karşılaştırma
yöntemi temel alınarak; görsel sanatlar alanı öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik
mesleğine yönelik tutumları ve öz yeterlik inançları fakülte, cinsiyet, sınıf
ve algılanan akademik başarı düzeyi değişkenlerine göre karşılaştırılmıştır.
Araştırmanın örneklemini Selçuk, Necmettin Erbakan ve Gazi Üniversitelerinde
Eğitim ve Güzel Sanatlar Fakültelerinde görsel sanatlar eğitimi alan 307
öğrenci oluşturmaktadır.  Araştırma
verilerinin toplanmasında öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutum ve öğretmenlik öz
yeterlik inancı ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre görsel
sanatlar eğitimi alan öğrencilerin öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutum ve öz
yeterlik algıları fakülte türüne göre farklık göstermektedir. Eğitim
Fakültelerinde öğrenim gören görsel sanatlar alanı öğretmen adayları Güzel
Sanatlar Fakültelerindeki akranlarına kıyasla öğretmenlik mesleğine daha olumlu
tutumlara ve yüksek öğretmenlik yeterlik inancına sahip oldukları görülmüştür.
Ayrıca öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutum ve öz yeterlik
inançları cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi ve başarı algısına göre farklıklar
göstermektedir. Görsel sanatlar öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik özyeterlik
algıları ile öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumları arasında olumlu yönde
anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur.
APLIKASI SISTEM VERTICAL DAN HORIZONTAL SUB SURFACE FLOW WETLAND DALAM PENGOLAHAN KEMBALI EFFLUENT IPAL PERUSAHAAN OBAT DAN OBAT TRADISIONAL
Authors: F Nikola Fibrian , Sunoko Hena Rya , Izzati Munifatul
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini mengolah effluent IPAL perusahaan obat dan obat tradisional yang telah memenuhi baku mutu untuk di buang ke badan perairan. Pengolahan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas effluent IPAL agar dapat memenuhi klasifikasi air kelas III pada PP No 82 Tahun 2001. Pengolahan kembali effluent IPAL ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode yang berbeda yakni metode lahan basah buatan (wetland) karena pengolahan sebelumnya telah menggunakan IPAL dengan metode pengolahan secara fisika dan kimia. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji peningkatan kualitas effluent IPAL perusahaan obat yang telah diolah dengan menggunakan metode lahan basah buatan aliran bawah permukaan vertikal (VSSF Wetland) dan lahan basah buatan aliran bawah permukaan horizontal (HSSF Wetland) serta mengkaji efisiensinya.Parameter-parameter air limbah yang digunakan adalah BOD, COD, nitrit dan amonia yang masih melebihi baku mutu air kelas III. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan skala lab yang dilakukan menggunakan dua buah reaktor yang berukuran sama. Reaktor diisi dengan media tanam  berupa  pasir  dan  kerikil,  serta  menggunakan tanaman mendong (Frimbistylis globulosa). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan selama empat belas hari dimana pengujian kualitas sampel tersebut dilakukan sebanyak tujuh kaliHasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas effluent setelah diolah menggunakan VSSF maupun HSSF Wetland lebih baik daripada sebelum dilakukan pengolahan menggunakan kedua metode tersebut. VSSF Wetland secara efektif dapat menurunkan BOD, COD, nitrit dan amonia dengan efisiensi berturut-turut sebesar 89.38%, 91.78%, 54.84% dan 71.58%; sedangkan efisiensi HSSF Wetland berturut-turut 93.56%, 94.64%, 74.19% dan 59.93%. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan kualitas effluent yang diolah menggunakan sistem VSSF dan HSSF Wetland untuk variabel nitrit, amonia, COD dan BOD.
PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KARTON BOX DENGAN METODE INTEGRASI UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BED REACTOR (UASB) DAN ELEKTROKOAGULASI-FLOTASI
Authors: Vistanty Hanny , Mukimin Aris , Handayani Novarina Irnaning
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi kinerja teknologi integrasi Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactor (UASB) dengan elektrokoagulasi-flotasi (ECF) sebagai unit pengolah air limbah industri karton box dalam berbagai kondisi operasi. Sebelum diaplikasikan, unit UASB diawali dengan proses aklimatisasi selama 7 hari menggunakan dua jenis substrat, yaitu gula dan pati. Operasional UASB secara kontinyu dilakukan pada berbagai OLR dan HRT konstan (24 jam). Air limbah terproses UASB kemudian dielektroflotasi menggunakan anoda alumunium (Al) dan besi (Fe). Optimalisasi proses ECF dikaji pada berbagai variabel pH dan waktu elektrolisis. Proses UASB dengan susbtrat pati menunjukkan efektivitas aklimatasi yang tinggi dibanding subtrat gula. Kondisi steady-state akan tercapai setelah 6 hari operasional dengan efisiensi penurunan COD 91% dan OLR 25 kg COD/m3 hari. Aplikasi UASB secara kontinyu telah mampu menurunkan COD 94% dengan waktu tinggal 24 jam. Proses ECF mampu menurunkan COD air limbah terolah UASB sekitar 70-81%. Kondisi optimum penurunan COD tercapai pada pH 7,5  untuk anoda Al dan pH 6 atau 9 untuk anoda Fe. Penambahan waktu elektrolisis di atas 10 menit sangat mempengaruhi efektivitas penurunan COD untuk anoda Fe sedangkan anoda Al tidak terjadi penurunan yang signifikan.  Jumlah sludge yang dihasilkan oleh proses ECFsebanyak 4 kg/m3 untuk anoda Al dan 5 kg/m3 untuk anoda Fe. Biaya kebutuhan energi berkisar antara 4,5 hingga 18 kWh/m3dan konsumsi elektroda sebanyak 0,17 kg Al/m3 atau 0,515 kg Fe/m3. Integrasi UASB dan ECF berpotensi untuk diaplikasikan sebagai sistem pengolahan air limbah industri karton box yang efektif.
PEMANFAATAN KONSORSIUM MIKROBIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA SISTEM LUMPUR AKTIF
Authors: Handayani Novarina Irnaning
Published: April 2020

Industri tekstil sebagian besar menggunakan mengolah limbah cair pada instalasi pengolahan air limbah dengan menggunakan sistem fisika, kimia, dan biologi. Sistem biologi yang digunakan biasanya adalah lumpur aktif yang terkadang mengalami gangguan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat konsorsium mikrobia terpilih yang dapat menaikkan kinerja lumpur aktif yang sedang terganggu, diindikasikan dengan turunnya nilai sludge volume dalam reaktor lumpur aktif serta menurunkan COD air limbah terolah. Terpilih 6 (enam) jenis bakteri non patogen yaitu Bacillus macerans, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sp, Kurthia zopfii,dan Pseudomonas stutzeri untuk digabungkan dalam satu konsorsium. Hasil uji antagonisme antar species terpilih menunjukkan tidak munculnya zone penghambatan, sehingga 6 (enam) jenis bakteri tersebut dapat digabungkan menjadi satu kesatuan.Hasil uji coba laboratorium menunjukkan konsorsium yang ditambahkan nutrien berupa 25 gr bekatul dan 50 gram gula per liter air dengan pencapaian sludge volume 30 menit 85% dan setelah diendapkan 24 jam adalah 35% denganpenurunan COD 82% Uji coba lanjutan menunjukkan bahwa konsorsium dalam 6 jenis bakteri ditambah Nitrobacter dan yeast sludge volume 30 menit terbaik mencapai 73% setelah diendapkan 24 jam menjadi 32% dengan penurunan COD mencapai 81%.
PEMISAHAN TANIN DAN HCN SECARA EKSTRAKSI DINGIN PADA PENGOLAHAN TEPUNG BUAH MANGROVE UNTUK SUBSTITUSI INDUSTRI PANGAN
Authors: Muryati Muryati , Nelfiyanti Nelfiyanti
Published: April 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimal dalam  pemisahan tanin dan HCN pada pengolahan tepung buah tancang (Bruguiera gymnorhiza)  sehingga dihasilkan tepung tancang yang aman digunakan untuk substitusi bahan baku industri pangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan perlakuan pendahuluan yaitu diblansing dengan cara direndam dalam air panas suhu 95-100 0C dengan variabel waktu perendaman  5menit(mnt);  7,5 mnt; 10 mnt dan  15 mnt. Dari masing-masing  waktu blansing  dilanjutkan dengan pengupasan dan tanpa pengupasan (sebagai pembanding) serta perendaman dan tanpa perendaman (pembanding). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan perendaman dalam air selama 2 hari. Kondisi  penghilangan tanin dan HCN yang optimal dilakukan pada blansing 7,5 menit dilanjutkan pengupasan dan perendaman;  dihasilkan pengujian  kadar tanin 287,43 mg/kg; HCN 8,05 mg/kg dan karbohidrat 79,57 %. Hasil  pengujian tanin, HCN, cemaran  logam dan cemaran mikroba, memenuhi persyaratan mutu tepung singkong sehingga aman untuk bahan makanan.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI FARMASI FORMULASI DENGAN METODE ANAEROB-AEROB DAN ANAEROB-KOAGULASI
Authors: Crisnaningtyas Farida , Vistanty Hanny
Published: April 2020

Studi ini membahas mengenai pengolahan limbah cair industri farmasi dalam skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan konsep anaerob-kimia-fisika dan anaerob-aerob. Proses anaerob dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed reactor (UASBr) pada kisaran OLR (Organic Loading Rate) 0,5 – 2 kg COD/m3hari, yang didahului dengan proses aklimatisasi menggunakan substrat gula. Proses anaerob mampu memberikan efisiensi penurunan COD hingga 74%. Keluaran dari proses anaerob diolah lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan dua opsi proses: (1) fisika-kimia, dan (2) aerob. Koagulan alumunium sulfat dan flokulan kationik memberikan efisiensi penurunan COD tertinggi (73%) pada kecepatan putaran masing-masing 100 rpm dan 40 rpm. Uji coba aerob dilakukan pada kisaran MLSS antara 4000-5000 mg/L dan mampu memberikan efisiensi penurunan COD hingga 97%. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi penurunan COD total yang dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan teknologi anaerob-aerob adalah 97%, sedangkan kombinasi anaerob-koagulasi-flokulasi hanya mampu menurunkan COD total sebesar 72,53%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, kombinasi proses anaerob-aerob merupakan teknologi yang potensial untuk diaplikasikan dalam sistem pengolahan limbah cair industri farmasi.
Integrasi teknologi koagulasi-flokulasi dengan filter silika-karbon aktif up flow sebagai unit pengolah air limbah industri karpet
Authors: Mukimin Aris , Purwanto Agus , Syahroni Cholid , Moenir Misbachul , Rame Rame , Budiarto Agung
Published: April 2020

Latek, kapur dan air merupakan bahan utama dalam proses produksi industri karpet. Komposisi dari ketiga bahan tersebut secara berurutan 30%, 50% dan 20% sehingga karakteristik air limbahnya dominan mengandung COD dan TDS. Integrasi koagulasi-flokuasi dengan filter silika-karbon aktif menjadi pilihan yang tepat sebagai unit pengolah polutan tersebut. Unit koagulasi dibuat dalam bentuk tabung silinder dengan kapasitas 2,5 m3, adapun filter silika-karbon aktif ditempatkan dalam dua tabung vertikal dengan kapasitas masing-masing 50 L . Proses koagulasi-fllokulasi dilakukan dengan sistem bacth menggunakan tawas dan anion yang dilanjutkan dengan sedimentasi dan aerasi. Filter vertikal silika-karbon aktif dioperasikan dengan sistem alir kontinyu secara up flow sebagai tahap akhir dari unit pengolahan. Reduksi COD dan DHL telah mampu mencapai 92% dan 74% dengan dosis tawas 1,96 Kg, kapur 0,857 Kg dan anion 1 g untuk volume limbah 2,45 m3 serta laju alir 6 L/menit di filter silika-karbon aktif.
Poderão os tablets nas aulas de ile ter impacto na motivação dos alunos para aprender inglês?
Authors: Couvaneiro Sílvia Roda , Pedro Neuza
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é entender se haverá um impacto na motivação dos alunos para aprender inglês como língua estrangeira quando se recorre a tecnologias móveis para apoiar atividades de aprendizagem ativas que desenvolvam as competências de produção oral dos alunos. Os participantes foram dois professores e os seus 106 alunos, divididos em 3 turmas de7.º e 1 de8.ºano, que usavam os próprios tablets na escola. Essa utilização resultou de um projeto da escola para promover a integração de tecnologias nas atividades da sala de aula. No início e no final do ano letivo, os alunos responderam a um questionário que continha três dimensões de um índice de motivação, retirado da “Bateria de Testes de Atitude/Motivação” de Gardner. Após uma análise preliminar a esses dados quantitativos, foi criado o instrumento de recolha de dados qualitativos–um protocolo de entrevista aplicado a dois professores. Após a análise dos dados qualitativos, todos os dados foram analisados em conjunto e esses resultados examinados. Assim, este desenho de investigação com métodos mistos seguiu uma estratégia explanatória sequencial, uma vez que os últimos dados permitiram uma análise mais aprofundada dos dados iniciais. Os resultados revelaram uma tendência favorável em termos de motivação dos alunos, embora se tivessem encontrado diferenças estatisticamente significativas apenas no caso dos alunos com níveis iniciais de motivação mais baixos e moderados. Ambos os professores referiram melhorias na participação e envolvimento dos alunos nas atividades em sala de aula.
A transcriação intersemiótica na formação de legentes: Uma possível reativação da prática de leitura no ensino-aprendizagem
Authors: Bllavinha Isadora
Published: April 2020

O presente ensaio realiza uma reflexão sobre a atividade de leitura realizada nas escolas brasileiras, acentuando a perpetuação da desigualdade social pela inferioridade da educação básica na rede pública. Amparado pela noção de legente, que emerge da obra de Maria Gabriela Llansol, e a partir das teorias modernas da tradução, este artigo convoca as práticas de tradução/transcriação intersemiótica como uma via possível de reativação da leitura transformadora no ensino da literatura.
Aula invertida (flipped classroom): Fazê-la funcionar com alunos de línguas estrangeiras
Authors: Fielden Laura V. , Rico Mercedes , Naranjo María José
Published: April 2020

As aulas invertidas estão em voga como uma metodologia de aprendizado ativa, pois combinam importantes pilares da educação moderna, como a aprendizagem e a tecnologia centradas no aluno. Este modelo foi aplicado a diferentes áreas e níveis educacionais, embora pareça mais proeminente no nível superior. No entanto, não está claro se é apropriado para todas as áreas, como o ensino de idiomas. Este artigo explorará esta questão tratando dois objetivos principais: revisar conceitos e pesquisas empíricas sobre aulas de idiomas invertidas para verificar sua eficácia e, em segundo lugar, propor uma série de diretrizes para instrutores de idiomas que considerem inverter suas salas de aula com base nos resultados dos resultados desde o primeiro objetivo. Os resultados descobrem que as aula invertidas podem ser particularmente interessantes para as salas de aula de linguagem comunicativa e também para o aprimoramento das habilidades de escrita.
Ler e navegar na rota do inferno de Dante
Authors: Da Silveira Ana Paula Pinheiro , Remenche Maria de Lourdes Rossi
Published: April 2020

Tradicionalmente, a preocupação da escola, no que concerne ao ensino de Língua Portuguesa tem se pautado na leitura de cânones e de um aparente fracasso na formação de leitores, o que se constata por meio de exames que avaliam o nível de letramentos de alunos que concluírem o Ensino Fundamental e Médio no Brasil (INAF, 2016). Esses indicadores demonstram a necessidade de se refletir sobre as mudanças socioculturais e suas implicações para a escola. Assim, esta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo interventivo, realizada em uma escola pública do sul do Brasil, debruça-se sobre o uso do videogame, em sala de aula, como ferramenta de leitura e de produção de sentidos e se propõe a investigar a relação entre “ler e navegar”, na narrativa digital Dante’s Inferno. A pesquisa tem como embasamento teórico-metodológico as múltiplas reflexões sobre: ludoletramento, segundo Zagal (2010); a relação entre textos sincréticos e ensino e outros conceitos advindos da teoria semiótica que servem tanto à análise do jogo propriamente dito, em seu viés narrativo, quanto à observação dos fenômenos interativos que se produzem na relação entre o jogo e o jogador, conforme Landowski (2005) e Meneghelli (2009). Os resultados da pesquisa apontam a indiscutível viabilidade de uma proposta para o uso de videogames como estratégia de ensino e propicia a reflexão para uma prática escolar diferenciada, condizente com os novos tempos e preocupada em (re)despertar o interesse pela leitura em situação escolar.