bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembelajaran Rambu Lalu Lintas Dengan Media Game Android Pada Siswa Smp Kelas VII Studi Kasus SMP Di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Arief Kurniawan Muhammad , Budi Purwantoro Agus , Tea Rukman
Published: June 2020

Salah satu penanganan guna mengurangi kecelakaan lalu lintas pada remaja di Kabupaten Sidoarjo adalah penanaman keselamatan lalu lintas jalan dengan mengenalkan pengertian rambu-rambu lalu lintas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat pengetahuan rambu-rambu lalu lintas, menguji sistem aplikasi dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan rambu-rambu lalu lintas dan mengetahui peningkatan pengetahuan rambu lalu lintas setelah menggunakan Aplikasi Game. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan metode eksperimen semu (quasi eksperiment). Dengan sampel siswa SMP kelas VII berjumla 270 orang. Analisis untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif dan uji paired sample T test dengan IBM SPSS Statistik 22. Untuk menguji sistem Aplikasi Game Android dengan mengukur nilai rata-rata System Usabulity Scale (SUS). Hasil peningkatan nilai rata-rata 29,28 pengetahuan rambu lalu lintas dengan hasil paired sample T test nilai sig. (2-tailed) adalah sebesar 0,000<0,01 maka terdapat pengaruh Aplikasi Game Android dan hasil SUS 72,5 yaitu Aplikasi Game Android dapat diterima oleh responden.
TRANSFORMASI KEDAI TUAK SEBAGAI SARANA PENGINJILAN GEREJA
Authors: Siagian Riris Johanna , Silalahi Jojor , Saragih Ratna
Published: June 2020

Tulisan ini berupaya menggali pengaruh kedai tuak terhadap kehadiran kaum bapak di dalam gereja,  adakah faktor-faktor yang ada itu saling terkait atau tidak. Dimulai dengan pemahaman jemaat tentang realitas konkrit atas kehidupan bergereja dan  bagaimana penyelenggara gereja menyikapinya dan terbuka  melakukan evaluasi dan refleksi atas kehidupan bergereja, kemudian   membangun cara-cara yang persuasif untuk merangkul kaum bapak, bukan malah memberi stigma negatif.  Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan Sosiologi Agama dan diharapkan transformasi   perubahan  metode penginjilan dapat dicapai.
Like Priests Set Apart
Authors: Tumanan Perdian
Published: June 2020

There is no biblical conception that so interferes with public life and invites endless debates and controversies as the theology of election. From a religious studies perspective, the theology of election has created a tremendous, hideous impact on the history of humankind, from colonialization to Shoah to the politics of identity and populism today. Rather than being the doctrine that unites humanity, the concept of election has been regarded as the core cause that creates otherness. This article argues that the ideation of otherness in the theology of election is deeply connected to and cannot be separated from sexuality issues. The notion of circumcision, as the main feature of post-exilic priestly election theology, inevitably constructs the ideal of lineage purity, thus forbidding intermarriage. The unfaithfulness of God’s people during the Judean monarchy era would later be perceived as the main cause for the suffering and traumatic experience of exile. Radical holiness in the form of religious separation from other nations must be observed for the priests to enjoy the continuation of God’s promise in the form of descendants. The continuation of priestly lineages would assure the continuity of the Temple's existence and worship.
Menampakkan Corak Biru Kekristenan Indonesia
Authors: Maggang Elia
Published: June 2020

Tulisan ini berupaya memaknai birunya Indonesia—negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia—dengan cara menawarkan sebuah corak biru bagi kekristenan Indonesia dari perspektif ekoteologi. Saya akan mulai dengan membahas ekoteologi dan kontribusinya dalam kekristenan untuk menunjukkan bahwa sub-disiplin ini dapat menjadi sebuah “kuas” yang memberikan corak biru bagi kekristenan. Selanjutnya akan didiskusikan mengapa dan bagaimana ekoteologi menanggapi krisis lingkungan/ekosistem laut sebagai “cat biru” bagi kuas tersebut—ekoteologi biru. Untuk ini, nilai laut yang sangat rendah dalam kekristenan serta corak biru antroposentrisme dalam kekristenan akan diuraikan dan ditanggapi dengan paradigma komunitas ciptaan sebagai “sketsa.” Semua pembahasan ini akan menegaskan bahwa laut harus dipandang dan diperlakukan bukan sebagai objek eksploitasi manusia melainkan subjek yang mendukung kehidupan bersama seluruh ciptaan Allah. Manusia dan laut adalah sama-sama partisipan dalam kehidupan itu. Pandangan dan sikap yang ramah atau bersahabat terhadap laut dengan cara memastikan bahwa laut tetap berpartisipasi bagi kehidupan itu adalah corak biru yang saya tawarkan untuk ditampakkan pada “kanvas” kekristenan Indonesia. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini mengajak kekristenan di Indonesia untuk menunjukkan corak biru itu dalam wacana teologi dan aktivitas bergerejanya.
Walking the Walk: An Integrated STEM Project for Elementary Teachers
Authors: Carrier Sarah J. , Faulkner Valerie N. , Bottomley Laura
Published: June 2020

Preparing effective STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) education teachers has become a priority of national economic importance (National Research Council [NRC], 2007) and this goal depends on teachers who understand content and possess effective teaching practices that impact student learning true integration of STEM will require significant changes in classroom practices, shifting away from traditional instruction and begin with teacher preparation. The present article originates from an interdisciplinary STEM project within an elementary teacher preparation program that has a stated and explicit STEM focus for undergraduate pre-service elementary teachers, yet this investigation also applies to practicing teachers interested in STEM integration. The investigation aims to blur the rigid boundaries that traditionally separate school subjects. Here we highlight a unified investigation project that spans not only disciplines and courses but also pre-service teachers’ (PSTs’) mindsets.
When STEM leads to the Rest: A Reflection on STEM as the HUB for Curriculum Integration
Authors: Price Douglas
Published: June 2020

Within this journal article, I seek to promote K-12 educators to think consciously and cognitively of their subject areas on how STEM can be initiator of content-delivery. STEM is still fresh within the confines of the traditional K-12 education field, and many are seeking to understand its relation to the real world as well as other subject areas. Within this article, I seek to prove how STEM steeps itself throughout three other content areas often separated: Language Arts, Social Studies, and the Arts. If we as educators as to enhance and entice our students to think intrinsically and deeply about their learning, it is important that we search to understand how STEM can derive to and from these inherent content focal points.
FEN BİLİMLERİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN STEM HAKKINDAKİ GÖRÜŞLERİNİN BAZI DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BİÇER Berna Gül , UZOĞLU Mustafa , BOZDOĞAN Aykut Emre
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı fen bilimleri
öğretmenlerinin STEM hakkındaki görüşlerini bazı değişkenler açısından
belirlemektir. Araştırma nicel araştırma desenlerinden tarama modeli
benimsenerek yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2016-2017 eğitim
öğretim yılında Kayseri il ve ilçelerinde görev yapan fen bilimleri
öğretmenleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan öğretmenler amaçlı örnekleme
yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla araştırmacı
tarafından “Fen Bilimleri Dersini Yürüten Öğretmenlerin STEM Hakkındaki
Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçek, araştırmaya katılan fen
bilimleri öğretmenlerinin STEM kullanmaya ilişkin: Öz yeterlilik, öğrenciye
katkı durumu, okul koşullarının yeterliliği ve geliştirilmesi için gerekenler
alt faktörlerinde veri sağlamaktadır. Yapılan analizler ölçeğin alt faktörleri
ile fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin STEM hakkındaki görüşlerinin cinsiyet, eğitim
düzeyi ve öğrenim derecelerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık
göstermediği; buna karşılık, hizmet süresi bağımsız değişkenine göre, 16-20 yıl
arası tecrübeye sahip fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin STEM hakkındaki
görüşlerinin daha olumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, STEM
eğitiminin fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin çoğunluğu tarafından daha önceden de
bilindiğini, bu eğitimin çoğunlukla Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı kaynaklarından duyulduğunu
göstermektedir. Buna rağmen, araştırmaya katılan öğretmenlerin çoğunluğunun
daha önce STEM eğitimi almadığı tespit edilmiştir.
SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YAZMA KAYGILARI VE ÖZ-YETERLİK ALGILARININ ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ARSLAN Aysel , IIMAN Ebrar , ASLAN Rukiye
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada; Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu (SHMYO) öğrencilerinin yazma kaygıları ve öz-yeterliklerinin cinsiyet, sınıf, öğretim türü, gelir düzeyi, ikamet yeri, mezun olunan lise türü ve eğitim alınan branş değişkenleri açısından anlamlı farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi SHMYO’da eğitim görmekte olan 340 kız, 115 erkek olmak üzere 455 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilerin yazma kaygılarını belirlemek için Karakaya ve Ülper (2011) tarafından geliştirilen tek boyut ve 35 madden oluşan “Yazma Kaygısı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliği .97, bu çalışmada ise .97 olarak bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin öz-yeterlik algılarını belirlemek içinse Sherer, Maddux, Mercandante, Dunn, Jacobs ve Rogers (1982 tarafından geliştirilen Türkçeye uyarlaması Yıldırım ve İlhan (2010) tarafından yapılan “Genel Öz-yeterlik Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçek, başlama, yılmama ve u-ısrar olmak üzere üç alt boyuttan ve toplamda 17 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Uyarlanan ölçeğin güvenirliği .80, bu çalışmada ise .70 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde; Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), Aritmetik Ortalama, Standart Sapma, Bağımsız T Testi, Anova, LSD, Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin öz-yeterlik algıları cinsiyet, gelir düzeyi, branş; yazma kaygıları ise ilamet yeri, gelir düzeyi ve branş değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği; öz-yeterlik ve yazma kaygıları arasında orta düzeyde negatif yönde (-.34) bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir.
ORTAOKUL ALTINCI SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN TEMEL DEMOKRATİK DEĞERLERİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇIRAK Adnan
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı altıncı sınıf
öğrencilerinin temel demokratik değerlerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından
incelenmesidir. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında,
Adana ilindeki Seyhan, Yüreğir, Çukurova ve Sarıçam ilçelerinden 15 farklı
okuldan 435 altıncı sınıf öğrencisi ile anket uygulaması yapılmıştır.
Araştırmada Uygun ve Engin (2014) tarafından geliştirilen “Temel Demokratik
Değerler Ölçeği”, Bacanlı (1997) tarafından geliştirilen “Sosyo-Ekonomik Düzey
Ölçeği” ve araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen kişisel bilgi formu
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel
istatistik tekniklerinden bağımsız örneklem t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans
analizi değerleri kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 22.0 programından yararlanılarak
bilgisayar ortamında çözümlenmiştir.

Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğrencilerin
genel olarak temel demokratik değerler ölçeğinden yüksek puan aldığı
görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin Temel Demokratik Değerler Ölçeği’nden aldıkları
toplam puanların ortalaması (=4,070)’dir. Bununla beraber öğrenciler en yüksek puanı
özgüven boyutundan (=4,180), en düşük puanı ise adil olma boyutundan (=3,965) almışlardır. 4 alt boyutta öğrencilerin
aldıkları puanlar ile cinsiyet değişkeni arasında anlamlı bir farklılık
bulunmamıştır. Fakat kız öğrencilerin puanlarının erkek öğrencilerin puanlarına
göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. İşbirliği ve adil olma boyutu haricinde
diğer tüm boyutlarda farklı değişkenlere göre anlamlı farklılıklar görülmüştür.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KARİYER ENGELLERİ İLE KARİYER UYUMLULUKLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: SARSIKOĞLU Ayşe Fikriye , BACANLI Feride
Published: June 2020

Bu
araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin algıladıkları kariyer engelleri ve cinsiyetin
birlikte kariyer uyumluluklarını yordayıp yordamadığını belirlemektir. Bu araştırmada
üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer uyumluluklarının kariyer karar verme durumlarına
göre incelenmesi de amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma
grubu 190 (%53,4) kadın, 166 (%46,6) erkek olmak üzere toplam 356 üniversite öğrencisinden
oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veriler Algılanan Kariyer Engelleri Ölçeği (AKEÖ,
Sürücü, 2011), Kariyer Uyum Yetenekleri Ölçeği (KUYÖ, Büyükgöze Kavas, 2014) ve
Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verileri çözümlemek için Çoklu
Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi ve bağımsız gruplar t testi kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmanın bulguları üniversite öğrencilerinin algıladıkları kariyer
engellerinin ve cinsiyetin birlikte kariyer uyumluluğu toplam puanını (% 12) ve
alt ölçeklerini (İlgi; %19, Kontrol; %5,9, Merak; %11,4, Güven; %14,6) yordadığını
göstermiştir. Sonuçlar, ilgili literatüre dayanılarak tartışılmış, araştırmanın
sınırlılıkları, teoriğe ve pratiğe yönelik katkıları sunulmuştur. Gelecekte
kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı ve rehberliği alanında yapılacak teorik ve
uygulamalı araştırmalara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
ALGILANAN SOSYAL DESTEK VE SOSYAL YETERLİK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ZORLU YAM Asuman , TÜZEL İŞERİ Emel
Published: June 2020

Bireylerin sosyal hayatları içinde kurmuş oldukları ilişkilerin
kalitelerini belirleyen içsel ve dışsal süreçler bulunmaktadır. Bireyleri
etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden ikisi algıladıkları sosyal destek ve sosyal
yeterlik düzeyleridir. Bireyler günlük hayatında yaşamış oldukları yaşantısal
zorluklar ile mücadele edebilmek için çeşitli psikolojik desteklere ihtiyaç
duymaktadırlar. Bu ihtiyaçların en başında sosyal destek kavramı gelmektedir
(Traş ve Arslan, 2013). Bireyin yaşamış olduğu stres durumları ile başa
çıkarken, olumsuz yaşam koşulları ile mücadele ederken veya hayatı için önemli
kararlar verirken etrafındaki sosyal ağlarından edindiği psikolojik ve sosyal
destek kaynakları algılanan sosyal destek olarak tanımlanabilir (Yıldırım,
1997). Bireylerin sosyal ortamdaki davranışlarını ve iletişim biçimlerini
belirleyen diğer bir etmen ise sosyal yeterlik düzeyleridir. Toplumsal bir
varlık olan insanların davranışları dış faktörlerden şekilleniyor gibi gözükse
bile asıl belirleyici olan bireyin kendi yeterliklerine olan inanç düzeyidir.
Sosyal yeterlik kavramı, bireyin sosyal ortamlarda ilişki başlatma, sürdürme ve
iletişim ağları kurabilme becerilerine ilişkin inancının bulunduğu psikolojik
bir alandır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin algıladıkları
sosyal destek düzeyleri ile sosyal yeterlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi
incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu tabakalı örnekleme yöntemiyle
çalışmaya dâhil edilen Türkiye’de Orta Karadeniz bölgesindeki bir üniversitenin
eğitim fakültesinde öğrenim görmekte olan 468 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır.
Araştırma verileri kişisel bilgi formu, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek
Ölçeği, Sosyal Yeterlik ve Sosyal Sonuç Beklentisi Ölçeği aracılığıyla
toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin
algıladıkları sosyal destek ve sosyal yeterlik düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu;
algıladıkları sosyal destek toplam puanları ile aile, arkadaş ve özel bir kişi
alt boyutlarından alınan puanları arasında düşük düzeyde anlamlı ve pozitif
yönde bir ilişki bulunduğu ve algıladıkları aile, arkadaş ve özel bir kişi alt
boyutlarındaki sosyal destek düzeyinin eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin sosyal
yeterlik düzeylerinin anlamlı birer yordayıcısı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Mud House Failures and Mitigation Options in Bauchi, North East Nigeria
Authors: Ndububa Emmanuel , Mukaddas Ahmed Musa
Published: June 2020

The use of soil materials for sustainable construction in developing countries is a viable alternative to concrete based materials. The advantages include availability of soil (earth) materials, reduction of transportation cost, saved embodied energy, reduced environmental degradation and reduced material cost. Mud house collapse is a common yearly phenomenon in Nigeria. Much of this happens during rainy seasons due to flooding generated by heavy rainfall. Whenever this happened, people were rendered homeless and became Internally Displaced Persons (IDP), with the subsequent hardships and sufferings, and sometimes casualties. Sixty seven mud houses in three locations of Bauchi town, North East of Nigeria were investigated.  From observations and returns from structured questionnaires filled by house owners and tenants, about 76% of the houses had failed in form of wall collapses alone. Other data collected included age of houses, composition of wall materials and foundations. Failures were generally severe and widespread for walls of full mud houses, however those plastered with cement/sand mortar had less failure counts. Older mud houses recorded higher failures as against new constructions. Soil samples collected from borrow pits used for the investigated mud houses were tested and their soil type compositions determined in the laboratory.  They slightly fell short of the specified proportional limits of clay, silt and sand considered acceptable for construction purposes except stabilized. Sample bricks made from the soils were tested for compressive strength with an average value of 0.81N/mm2 which is far below the 2.5N/mm2 minimum value for sandcrete blocks specified by the Nigerian Standards Organization. Lack of good quality control measures and improper stabilization procedures, among others were considered responsible for the failed resistance to the environmental factors. Cement stabilization and good urban planning are some of the recommendations.
Geophysical and Geotechnical Investigation for Post Foundation Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Federal University Oye Ekiti
Authors: Fajana Akindeji , Olaseeni Olayiwola , Bamidele Odunayo , Olabode Oladunjoye
Published: June 2020

A combined geophysical methods involving very low frequency-electromagnetic, electrical resistivity, magnetics prospecting method and geotechnical investigations were used in delineating the causes of cracks on the buildings of Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Federal University Oye- Ekiti. Five (5) Very Low Frequency-Electromagnetic traverses, Twenty-one (21) Vertical Electrical Soundings and three (3) magnetic profiles were occupied and investigated around the distress building. Two (2) locations were also occupied for geotechnical investigations. Three major layers were delineated in the study area which includes the topsoil, weathered/fractured layer and fresh basement. The VES curve types obtained were A, H, K and Q curves. The buildings were found to be situated within the area of a fairly high concentration of fractures that can aid subsidence in the area and relatively low resistivity zones typical of incompetent clay formation. The geotechnical results also show that the soil has relatively high clay content. Based on the consistency limits. The soils within the area is classified as medium plasticity, hence, the soils are expected to exhibit medium swelling potential. It can however be concluded that the subsoils on or within which buildings are founded within the study area are not competent. From the result, the building failure observe as cracks and foundation subsidence may have been caused by the foundation soils that made up of incompetent materials (clay) which could compress on imposing loads by differential settlement. It is noteworthy that geological features such as fractures/faults delineated within the bedrock is also inimical to the building foundation.
Assessment of Medical Waste Management in Private Hospitals
Authors: Omofunmi O E , Agwagu H C , Atuche A L
Published: June 2020

Recent happening globally especially in the developing country such as Nigeria has shown that there is need to conduct a survey on medical waste management due to direct or indirect adverse effect on the environment and human health. The medical waste management in private hospitals in Lagos State was assessed. Information on hospitals was collected from Lagos State Ministry of Health, Aluasa. Nine hospitals were visited and questionnaires and schedules were administered on the current status of medical waste management such as hospital generation information, waste amount, separation, collection, temporary storage and training.Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the total medical wastes were 207.16 Kg/day. Of the total medical wastes produced in studied area in one day, 119.07 Kg consisted of hazardous-infectious wastes, 85.91 Kg municipal wastes and 2.18 Kg sharp wastes. The average generation rate of total medical waste was 1.14 ± 0.2 Kg/bed-day. However, these rates were 0.72 ± 0.01 Kg/bed-day, 0.47 ± 0.01 Kg/bed-day and 0.01 ± 0.002 Kg/bed-day for hazardous-infectious, municipal and sharp wastes respectively. The percentages of hazardous-infectious wastes, municipal wastes and sharp wastes were 60.00%, 39.10% and 0.83% respectively. The hospitals waste management was evaluated poor in terms of separation, collection, transportation, temporary storage and training aspects and good in the treatment aspect.
Drought Trend Analysis in Kano Using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
Authors: Achugbu Ifeanyi Chukwudi , Anugwo Stanley
Published: June 2020

The trend analysis was carried out using non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test for Kano using a long term 100 years rainfall data. In other to assess the short term, seasonal, annual and long term droughts, the study employed the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 month time scales using the rainfall time series data. The SPI values computed for all the time scales revealed a non significant increasing trend for the entire study period (1911-2010), while period 1911-1995 revealed a significant decreasing trend especially in August, September and October. For comparison between different time periods, the 100 years series was sub-divided into 30 years overlapping time period. Period 1951-1980 and 1961-1990 revealed the highest number of statistically significant downward trend. The Z values from Mann-Kendall test ranges from 4.05 to -2.86, which shows how erratic the rainfall could be in Kano. All the analyzed months for periods 1911-1940, 1971-2000, 1981-2010 and 1941-1970 (except May in 1941-1970) showed a general increasing trend for all the time scales. However, periods 1971-2000 and 1981-2010 showed a significant increasing trend which implies that rainfall over the station is at the increase. The value of the slope ranges between -0.053 and 0.118 for all the time scales. High slope values were more prevalent in the higher time scales.
Approaches to Machine Translation: A Review
Authors: Oladosu John , Esan Adebimpe , Adeyanju Ibrahim , Adegoke Benjamin , Olaniyan Olatayo , Omodunbi Bolaji
Published: June 2020

Translation is the transfer of the meaning of a text from one language to another. It is a means of sharing information across languages and therefore essential for addressing information inequalities. The work of translation was originally carried out by human translators and its limitations led to the development of machine translators. Machine Translation is a subfield of computational linguistics that investigates the use of computer software to translate text or speech from one natural language to another. There are different approaches to machine translation. This paper reviews the two major approaches (single vs. hybrid) to machine translation and provides critique of existing machine translation systems with their merits and demerits. Several application areas of machine translation and various methods used in evaluating them were also discussed. Our conclusion from the reviewed literatures is that a single approach to machine translation fails to achieve satisfactory performance resulting in lower quality and fluency of the output. On the other hand, a hybrid approach combines the strength of two or more approaches to improve the overall quality and fluency of the translation.
Morphology and Optimisation of Impact Energy of Weldment of High Strength Low Alloy Steel
Authors: Olanisebe Saheed , Abu James , Lawal Sunday Albert , Egbe Evudiovo , Adedipe Oyewole
Published: June 2020

Morphology and optimisation of impact energy of weldment of low alloy-high strength steel were investigated in this work.  The study involved the use of design of experiment via Taguchi method based on three variables, each having three levels. Minitab 16 software was used for the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal to noise (S/N) ratio of the impact energy. Direct current electrode positive (DCEP) was used in the electric manual metal arc (MMA) welding. The input parameters at the three levels were current (60 A, 70 A, and 80 A), metal thickness (5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm) and root gap (2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm).  It was found that the input variables significantly affected the microstructure of the weldment in all the nine experiments conducted.  Optimization of welding parameters was carried out  to obtain the optimal input values required to give the optimal impact energy of weldment.  The optimal values for the input values were  80 A for current, 9 mm thickness and 2.5 mm root gap and these were substituted in the regression equation to obtain the optimal impact energy. It was equally observed that the input variables affected the microstructure of each of the nine samples.
Determination of Selected Moisture -Dependent Physical and Frictional Properties of Shelled Egusi Melon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.)
Authors: Satimehin Adesola A , Akaayar Terseer M
Published: June 2020

Physical and frictional properties were determined for shelled (i.e. hulled) seeds of egusi melon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) at moisture content levels of 11.04, 15.7, 21.03 and 24.78 % dry basis. The physical properties investigated were true density, bulk density and the angle of repose; while the frictional properties were the coefficient of static friction and the coefficient of internal friction.  Densities were determined using the volume displacement method, while the bulk porosity was calculated as a function of the true and bulk densities. The angle of repose was measured using the cylinder method. The coefficient of static friction of melon seeds on the surfaces of plywood, galvanized iron and glass was determined by sliding a cell filled with the seeds on a tilting table overlaid with the test material surfaces. The coefficient and internal angle of friction were determined by means of a shear test apparatus. Within the range of moisture investigated, the true density of shelled melon seeds decreased from 1,264 to 1,239 kg/m3 while its bulk density increased from 668 to 681 kg/m3. The porosity decreased from 47.19 to 45.36 % while the angle of repose increased from 31.0 to 34.9°. The coefficient of friction of shelled melon seeds on the surfaces of glass, galvanised iron and plywood  increased from 0.329 to 0.475, 0.364 to 0.476 and 0.408 to 0.559 respectively. The coefficient and angle of internal friction increased from 0.638 to 0.668 and 32.52 to 33.74°, respectively. These findings are valuable data for efficient design of machines for processing, handling and storage of hulled seeds of egusi melon.
Review of Technical Approaches to Face Recognition with Varying Pose and Illumination in Unconstrained Scenes
Authors: Fagbola Temitayo M , Olabiyisi Stephen O , Egbetola Funmilola I , Oloyede Ayodele
Published: June 2020

Difficulties inherent in human face recognition from unconstrained and motion characterized scenes are usually accounted for due to varying illumination and pose of subjects in the scenes. However, a number of technical approaches have been developed to manage these nuisance factors to make recognition possible and optimal. In this paper, a review of some technical approaches to face recognition challenged with varying illumination and pose is conducted. The logical soundness of each approach and limitations are investigated while a basis for a unified, more efficient and technically optimal approach is established.
Laminar Forced Convective Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in a Finned Cylindrical Annulus
Authors: Adegun Isaac K , Olayemi Olalekan A , Jolayemi Temidayo S , Ogunbodede Oladapo T
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate the effects of some geometric parameters and flow variables on heat transfer augmentation in annuli with equi-spaced internal longitudinal fins along the external walls. A fully developed flow and a constant thermal boundary condition of uniform heat flux at the walls of the pipe were assumed. Continuity, momentum and energy transport equations were adopted for the solutions of the problem. A Q-BASIC code was written based on the finite difference scheme generated. Numerical experiments were conducted to ascertain the effects of Reynolds number Re, radius ratio, R.R, Prandtl number Pr, fin height H, and pipe inclination, on the rate of heat transfer and fluid flow. The results obtained show that for 50 ≤ Re ≤ 500, total Nusselt number NuT increases with increase in Re while for Re > 500, there was no significant increase in NuT. Nusselt number, average velocity and bulk temperature of the fluid increase with increasingin the range 0° ≤ ≤ 75° but for the range 75°≤  ≤ 90°  the effect is negligible. For R.R > 0.6, the heat transfer was observed to be almost independent of R; therefore for economic purposes, heat exchangers similar to the configuration studied should be run at a low pumping power. A numerical study was done to validate the program by test running it for the finless annuli for similar boundary conditions; the results obtained in the present work show the same trend as that of Kakac and Yucel.
Effects of a Municipal Dumpsite on Groundwater Quality in Ikole Ekiti Area, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa Ademola , Adeyeri Joseph B , Okeke Tochukwu C
Published: June 2020

A physico-chemical and bacteriological evaluation of water in three boreholes (numbered BH1, BH2, & BH3) close to a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) disposal site at Ootunja Ekiti in Ikole Local Government Area (L.G.A.) of Ekiti State, Nigeria were carried out in order to ascertain suitability of the groundwater for potable uses. The water quality parameters obtained were compared with recommended limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigeria Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) for drinking water. Total dissolved solid (TDS) with a mean value of 16.64 mgl-1 was recorded. The cations and anions in the water were within the prescribed WHO and NSDWQ permissible limits. Chlorides content ranged between 12.0 and 16.0mg/l, while Nitrate content ranged from 6.12 to 7.10mg/l, quantities of heavy metals like Cadmium, Mercury and Lead varies from zero to a very minute content which is within the permissible limit of WHO and NSDWQ. Both organic content and faecal coliform count were satisfactory for water supply. The investigation shows pH values of 6.51, 7.05, and 5.79 for water samples obtained from BH1, BH2 and BH3 respectively. This indicates that the water from BH1 and BH3 were slightly acidic while water from BH 2 is neutral. The pH reading for water sample from BH3 is below the WHO and NSDWQ recommended standard.
Effects of Elevated Temperature on Splitting Tensile Strength of OPC and BLA Pozzolanic Concrete and Mortar
Authors: Ikumapayi Catherine M , Akingbonmire Samuel L
Published: June 2020

Concrete is one of the most common and widely applied construction materials in the world. It is good in compression but weak in tension. The weakness in tension is been catered for through the use of reinforcement but there is still need to ensure that its  minimum tensile strength  is retained during the course of production and usage to avoid cracks development at the reinforcement cover. Concrete mixes of 1:2:4 (cement: sand: granite) and mortar of 1:6 mix ratio of cement to sand were produced. The ordinary Portland cement (OPC) content was partially replaced with bamboo leaf ash (BLA) from 0% to 12% at 2% interval. They were tested under normal and elevated temperature to know the effect of elevated temperature on their splitting tensile strength. The results obtained showed OPC concrete mix to improve in splitting tensile strength (3.5 N/mm2 to 3.7 N/mm2 at 28 days curing) whereas there was a decrease in the splitting tensile strength obtained for BLA mixes (3.29 N/mm2 to 1.75 N/mm2 for 12% percentage replacement at 28 days curing). The same trend of results was obtained for mortar mix; OPC mix increases from 1.65 N/mm2 to 1.86 N/mm2 while BLA at 12 % percentage replacement decreases from 2.02 N/mm2 to 1.7 N/mm2. OPC concrete and mortar under high elevated temperature (100oC) will improve in splitting tensile strength while elevated temperature decreases the splitting tensile of BLA concrete and mortar mixes at 12%.
Elazığ Karakoçan Yöresi Buzağı ve Danalarında Eimeria Türlerinin Yaygınlığı
Authors: ESEN Yunus , BOZDAĞ Ahmet
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, Elazığ Karakoçan ilçesi ve ilçeye bağlı köylerinde yaşayan buzağı ve danalarda Coccidiosis hastalığına sebep olan Eimeria türleri ve bu türlerin yaygınlığı tespit edilmiştir. Karakoçan yöresinde İlçe Merkezi, Sarıcan Beldesi, Başyurt, Bulgurcuk, Kalecik, Demirdelen ve Yenikaya köyleri olmak üzere toplam 7 farklı bölgeden materyal toplanmıştır. Bu süre içerisinde 1-12 aylık 119 tane buzağı ve dananın dışkı numunesi alınmıştır. Mikroskobik incelemeler neticesinde bu dışkı numunelerinin 60 (%50,42) tanesinde Eimeria spp. ookistleri tespit edilmiştir. Ookist bulunduran dışkı örneklerine %2,5 potasyum dikromat (K2Cr2O7) ilave edilmiş ve örneklerin sporlanmasından sonra tür tayinleri yapılmıştır. İncelemeler sonucunda dana ve buzağıların; Eimeria bovis (%45), E. ellipsoidalis (%30), E. auburnensis (%28,3), E. alabamensis (%26,6), E. zuerni (%25), E. clindirica (%13,3) olmak üzere toplam 6 tür tarafından enfekte olduğu görülmüştür. Enfekte hayvanların 37’sinde (%61,6) tek tür enfeksiyon tablosu mevcutken, 23’ünde (%38,4) miks enfeksiyon belirlenmiştir. En fazla yaygınlık 6-12 aylık yaşları arasında, simental ırkında, Yenikaya ve Demirdelen köyleri civarındaki hayvanlarda görülmüştür. Dişilerin %58,8 (40 birey) ve erkeklerin %39,2 (20 birey) enfekte olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Farklı Hıyar Genotiplerinin Işınlanmış Polenle Tozlama ile Partenogenetik Embriyo Oluşturma Frekansları ve Haploid Embriyo Gelişimi
Authors: YILDIZ Çağlar , KORUK Mücahit , DOĞAN Ahmetcan , ELLİALTIOĞLU Şeküre Şebnem
Published: June 2020

Öz Işınlanmış polenlerle yapılan tozlamalar, kabakgiller familyasında partenogenetik haploid embriyo oluşumunu uyarmaktadır. Hıyarda da bu yöntemle haploid embriyo oluşabilmekte, embriyo kültürü yapılarak haploid embriyoların bitkiye dönüşümü sağlanabilmektedir. 16 adet hıyar genotipinden haploid bitki elde edebilmek için yapılan çalışmada Beith Alpha, silor, langa ve dikenli tipte ürün segmentlerine ait çeşitler seçilmiştir. Bitkiler çiçeklenmeye başladığında erkek çiçekler anthesisten bir gün önce toplanarak Ankara’da Atom Enerjisi Kurumunda 300 Gy olacak şekilde Gamma ışınına maruz bırakılmış, 12 saat içerisinde yeni açan dişi çiçeklerin tozlanmasında kullanılmıştır. Gelişen meyveler 21-45 günler arasında toplanarak aseptik koşullarda tohumları çıkartılmıştır. Hem tohum açma yöntemi hem de tohumların doğrudan kültüre alma yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Tohum açma yöntemi ile globular aşamadaki embriyoların da yakalanması ile daha fazla sayıda embriyo elde etmek mümkün olsa da bunlardan bitkiye dönüşüm düşük oranda gerçekleşmektedir. Doğrudan tohum ekimi yöntemiyle elde edilen çimlenmelerden bitkiye dönüşüm oranı yüksek olmakta, zamandan ve işgücünden tasarruf sağlanmaktadır. Genotiplerin verdiği partenogenetik yanıt ve bitkiye dönüşüm farklılık göstermiştir. Tozlamadan sonra 40 gün sınır süre olarak belirlenmiş, 38-40.günlerden sonra embriyoların tohum içerisinde nekroze olma oranı % 85 olarak bulunmuştur. En yüksek canlı embriyo oranı toplamda 19 embriyo ile dikenli tipteki Bazeal genotipinden elde edilmiştir. Hıyarda ışınlanmış polenle haploid elde etmeye alternatif olabilecek ovaryum kültürü tekniğinin geliştirilmesi, gamma ışın dozu denemelerinin yapılması önerilmektedir.
Phillyrea latifolia L. :Biological Properties Screening of Different Extracts
Authors: UYSAL Sengul
Published: June 2020

Phillyrea latifolia L. is widely used as astringent, diuretic and hypoglycaemic in Mediterranean traditional medicine. This work focused on the biological properties (antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory) of P. latifolia L. leaves extracts, obtained by different solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous). The amount of phenolics and flavonoids in P. latifolia L. extracts was also assessed by spectrophotometric methods. The methanol extract showed the highest total flavonoid content (68.07 mg RE g-1). The ethyl acetate extract exhibited stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity (190.71 mg TE g-1). The best CUPRAC activity was shown by the methanol extract (609.38 mg TE g-1). The aqueous extract (14.83 mg EDTA g-1) displayed the highest activity in metal chelating assay. Results showed that ethyl acetate extract indicated the highest activity in enzyme inhibition tests. Considering the obtained data, P. latifolia L. has potential to be used as sources of natural antioxidant and enzyme inhibitor.
Biological Evaluation of Curcumin As a Natural RANKL Inhibitor in Osteosarcoma
Authors: ÖZGÜR Aykut
Published: June 2020

Osteosarcoma is an important health problem among children and teenagers. Metastases is observed in about twenty percent of osteosarcoma patients. RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway is involved in formation of osteosarcoma and its metastases. Especially, the overexpression of RANKL is related to osteoclast and osteosarcoma formation. Therefore, inhibition of RANKL activity has been significant treatment method of osteosarcoma. In this study, curcumin was evaluated as RANKL inhibitor in osteosarcoma cells. In this context, anti-proliferative and anti-invasive properties of the curcumin were determined with in-vitro and computational assays in Saos-2 cell line. Obtained results showed that curcumin may has a potential for treatment of osteosarcoma and its metastases.
Disseminated Bacillus Calmette-GuÉRin (Bcg): A Cause of Delirium in An Older Adult
Authors: Headlam John , Wheeler Alice , Yuen Keith , Brierley Elizabeth , Todd Oliver
Published: June 2020

Intra-vesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is an effective treatment for high-risk bladder cancer. Less well known is that fewer than 1% of patients receiving BCG treatment can develop disseminated BCG. The reaction can range from a mild flu-like illness to a systemic disorder with a fulminant course which in the most severe cases can lead to death. The diagnostic yield is low and diagnosis is often made after a comprehensive exclusion of more common causes of pyrexia of unknown origin. A high level of suspicion is therefore required in those who may be at risk. We report a case of disseminated BCG in an older patient for whom early involvement of his family was pertinent to determining the precipitant for delirium.
Fatores sociais nos estudos de inovação em organizações jornalísticas
Authors: Franciscato Carlos Eduardo , Silva Gilson Souza
Published: June 2020

Este artigo propõe investigar uma transformação historicamente localizada no jornalismo – a transição do padrão impresso de jornalismo como suporte midiático em direção a plataformas digitais convergentes, integradas e multimidiáticas na década de 2010 – a fim de revisar, apontar limitações e incorporar novos elementos aos modelos de inovação aplicados de forma crescente a essas situações. A partir de um estudo de caso sobre essa transição em um jornal do estado de Sergipe, Brasil, nos anos de 2017 e 2018, buscamos indicar ganhos analíticos em pesquisas que articulem abordagens teóricas com base tecnológica a fenômenos de ordem social que condicionam as experiências jornalísticas e, assim, apontar para a possibilidade de construção de um quadro conceitual mais complexo e articulado envolvendo estudos de inovação e teorias sociais.
Da reflexão sobre pós-verdade e fake news à análise sobre a Revista Piauí e a agência Lupa
Authors: Daros Otávio
Published: June 2020

SANTOS, Kassia Nobre dos. Em busca da credibilidade perdida: a rede de investigaçãojornalística na era das fake news. Belo Horizonte: Editora Letramento, 2019. 164 páginas.
Ranking Q-Avalia da qualidade jornalística Brasil-Portugal 2018: uma avaliação experimental
Authors: Guerra Josenildo Luiz
Published: June 2020

A pesquisa realiza uma avaliação experimental de qualidade jornalística com foco em boas práticas de gestão editorial, que incorporem instrumentos de accountability e de transparência. A avaliação faz uma análise comparada de doze produções jornalísticas, seis brasileiras e seis portuguesas, de diferentes suportes. Ao final, são gerados dois rankings de avaliação – Absoluto e Proporcional - que relacionam as organizações segundo o nível de boas práticas incorporadas a sua gestão editorial. Quanto melhor o desempenho na avaliação, em tese, maior a credibilidade da produção avaliada. A avaliação é conduzida através do sistema Q-Avalia, em fase de desenvolvimento experimental, que operacionaliza, gerencia, armazena e gera relatórios das avaliações de qualidade editorial.
Republic of Belarus
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: June 2020

At the request of the Belarusian authorities, a technical assistance (TA) mission on sectoral financial accounts and financial balance sheets (FABS) was conducted during November 11–22, 2019. The principal purposes of the mission were to review with the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus (Belstat) current data sources; identify data sources that needed to be improved; demonstrate how to construct the tables; and prepare a work plan. The mission found that many of the data required are currently available, while pointing out areas where improvements could be made. Accordingly, there is a strong basis for Belstat to begin an initial, exploratory compilation of the FABS for 2017.
Sierra Leone
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is severely impacting the Sierra Leonean economy, threatening to wipe out the hard-won gains since the Ebola health crisis just five years ago. The sharp contraction in external demand, and disruptions to mining production and exports are straining the external and fiscal accounts. Proactive measures vital to contain the spread of the crisis are dampening economic activity. The already tight financing situation and fragile health sector, and vast development needs, limit the authorities’ ability to reallocate resources within and across sectors.
Improvement plans and future tasks for the governance of the Korean Medical Association
Authors: Kim Jin Suk , Lim Ji Yeun
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to suggest improvement measures to solve the problems of governance within the Korean Medical Association (KMA), and to outline future tasks to implement these measures. The following measures are proposed to improve the governance of the KMA: a new representative system, the revision of the term of officers, new qualification requirements for representatives and officers, a clear business division for vice presidents, the organization and operation of councils by professional fields, and an organization of a top decision making committee. Future tasks to apply these measures in practice include the establishment of the direction of improvement of the KMA‘s governance, organization and operation of the presidential committee, and active participation and support of the KMA members. In order to improve the KMA‘s governance, the bodies of the KMA must avoid conflicts and criticisms; taking collective decisions about all tasks and policies should be made an essential principle. In conclusion, the bodies of the KMA must cooperate with each other while constantly considering and discussing the purpose of the establishment of the KMA. These measures will ensure the improvement of KMA’s governance.
Governance system of the British Medical Association
Authors: Ahn Ducksun
Published: June 2020

It is regrettable that in recent years, the Korean Medical Association (KMA) has held special meetings of the house of delegates almost annually, purely for the removal of the president of the KMA from his/her office. There could be several reasons for this, but the failure of communication caused by the fragmentation of the KMA’s governance structure may be a major contributing factor. It may therefore be helpful to benchmark the governance of other professional organizations like the British Medical Association (BMA) to identify differences in the practice of consensus building, which leads to policy making. Due to the unexpected COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak, this study was limited to internet resources. It was impossible for the author to conduct participant observation or direct face-toface interviews to get essential information about the governance of the BMA. Nevertheless, the findings provide valuable lessons for the KMA. There seem to be chasms among the house of delegates, the regional association and the board of directors in the KMA; better integration among major bodies within the KMA is required. Furthemore, the time spent by these bodies on generating policies and strategies is not sufficient. The BMA is a union with its professional activities secured by labor laws, whereas major players of the KMA do not have a protected time for their professional trade association. The KMA needs to remodel the current governance which is characterized by inadequate communication and subsequent fragmentation among the acting bodies of the Association. Continuous professional development for the leaders and members of the KMA might enable this change in governance.