bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behaviour of a bubble cluster in an ultrasound field
Authors: Matsumoto Yoichiro , Yoshizawa Shin
Published: December 2004

Ultrasound medical applications, such as an ultrasound imaging with micro‐bubble contrast agents, and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy have attracted much attention in recent years. These applications have a close relation to the motion of micro‐bubbles, so that it is essential to understand their dynamics. The bubble motion is influenced by the internal phenomena and its interaction with the surrounding medium, such as the thermal diffusion, the mist formation, the mass diffusion, the heat and mass transfer through the bubble wall. It is important that the oscillation of micro bubbles generates a strong acoustic pressure for these medical applications. The strong pressure also appears in the case of a bubble cluster, like a cloud cavitation. As these dynamics of bubbles are strongly influenced by the thermal phenomena inside them, it is necessary to construct the model taking these phenomena into account to analyse the behaviour of the bubble cluster precisely. Thus, the following effects are considered: the evaporation and condensation of the liquid at the bubble wall, the heat transfer through the bubble wall, and the compressibility of the liquid. Then the spherical bubble cluster is numerically simulated. When the frequency of the ultrasound is sufficiently high, the bubble cluster hardly oscillates. On the contrary, when the frequency of the ultrasound is at the resonance of the bubble cluster, the pressure wave generates the shock wave and it focuses to the cluster centre. As a result, the pressure inside the bubble at the cluster centre becomes much higher than that of a single bubble. Though this extreme high pressure causes the severe cavitation erosion, it is thought that this high energy concentration has the potential to be utilized for medical applications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of middle childhood psychosomatic problems: An emotion regulation approach
Authors: Hagekull Berit , Bohlin Gunilla
Published: December 2004

Development of the psychosomatic problems picky eating and headache and stomachache complaints in middle childhood was investigated from an emotion regulation perspective. The role of negative emotionality and family emotion regulatory factors (attachment to mother and parental perceived control) was studied. The sample (N=87) was a predominantly middleclass, community sample. The study was longitudinal, based on data from several data collections between child age 11 months and 9 years. The results showed that headache and stomachache complaints were mainly predicted by early negative emotionality, and picky eating by the family factors. More negative emotionality, insecure attachment and less perceived control were related to more psychosomatic problems in linear and interaction models. The findings were interpreted as showing that by considering emotion regulation, a fruitful perspective for understanding the development of psychosomatic problems could be elaborated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptions of aggression and withdrawal in early childhood
Authors: Giles Jessica W. , Heyman Gail D.
Published: December 2004

Two studies investigate young children's beliefs about aggression and withdrawal in others with reference to the possibility of stability and change. Study 1 (N=41) provides evidence that preschool children (1) view aggression in more essentialist ways (i.e. they believe it to be more stable and less changeable) than withdrawal and (2) believe that friends hold a greater potential to create change in aggression and withdrawal than do other potential sources of influence, such as parents and teachers. Study 2 (N=25) replicates the findings of Study 1 and also demonstrates that by preschool age, children hold systematic ideas about the effectiveness of strategies that friends can use to change the behaviour of their peers. These ideas include the belief that prosocial strategies, such as showing peers how to make friends, are more effective than requests to stop engaging in undesirable behaviour. Study 2 also demonstrates that preschool‐aged participants engaged in essentialist reasoning to a greater extent than did a comparison group of 20 7–8 year olds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorptive monocyte‐granulocytapheresis (M‐GCAP) for refractory Crohn's disease
Authors: Kusaka Takeshi , Fukunaga Ken , Ohnishi Kunio , Kosaka Tadashi , Tomita Toshihiko , Yokoyama Yoko , Sawada Koji , Fukuda Yoshihiro , Miwa Hiroto , Matsumoto Takayuki
Published: December 2004

Six patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) unresponsive to conventional medications (CM) were treated with Monocyte‐granulocytapheresis (M‐GCAP). CD patients who scored 200–400 points in Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) in spite of receiving CM, including enteral nutrition, for at least 2 weeks were enrolled in our double series trial. Each series had 5 weekly M‐GCAP and 2 follow‐up weeks, and each M‐GCAP treated 1,800 ml of patient's peripheral blood. After the 1st series, patients who decreased more than 50 points on the CDAI were deemed responders and enrolled in the second series. Patients with a CDAI score less than 150 points were considered in remission. The patients' quality of life was evaluated using an index (IBDQ) before and after the 1st series. The CDAI was significantly decreased comparing before and after the 1st series (258.2 ± 36.2 vs. 166.5 ± 16.6; P < 0.02). 50% of patients (3/6) responded to the therapy, and one case (16.7%) could be induced to remission. Significant removal was revealed only for white blood cells (25.6 ± 16.9%; P < 0.05), especially granulocytes (29.5 ± 22.5%; P < 0.05). A statistically significant improvement of IBDQ was revealed in the responders' group (162.3 ± 17.2 vs. 189.3 ± 11.5; P < 0.03). M‐GCAP could be an effective adjunctive therapy for active CD patients unresponsive to CM allowing them to maintain a high QOL. However, it might be difficult to improve patients who could not be induced to remission after the 1st series by applying another series. J. Clin. Apheresis 19:168–173, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stem cell mobilization in multiple myeloma patients: Do we need an age‐adjusted regimen for the elderly?
Authors: Fietz T. , Rieger K. , Dimeo F. , Blau I.W. , Thiel E. , Knauf W.U.
Published: December 2004

The upper age limit for autologous progenitor cell transplantation in multiple myeloma patients is increasing continuously. We examined whether this shift in the age of pretreated myeloma patients requires modification of mobilization regimen. We compared retrospectively 21 consecutive progenitor cell mobilizations in 15 pts < 60 years (median age 56, range 37–59) with 33 consecutive mobilizations in 23 pts > 60 years (median age 65, range 60–73) of age. The number of CD34 positive circulating cells before scheduled leukapheresis was a mean of 67,935 cells/mL (SEM ± 17,614) in the younger population and a mean of 19,069 (SEM ± 5,396) for older pts (P = 0.0027). In patients >60 years, 13/33 mobilizations (including 2 patients with 2 failing attempts) were not successful (39%), compared to 6/21 mobilizations (29%, including 1 patient with 3 failing attempts) in the younger population. The increased number of progenitor cells in the grafts of younger patients led to a more rapid regeneration of leukocytes and platelets after stem cell infusion. Our data show that stem cell mobilization in older multiple myeloma patients is inferior compared to a younger patient population. There is a trend towards more leukapheresis until the target stem cell dose has been collected, and the decreased number of progenitor cells in the actual graft delays engraftment of leukocytes and platelets. The overall number of unsuccessful mobilization attempts, however, did not differ significantly between both age groups. A special “age‐adjusted” increase in the dose of growth factors seems unjustified. Improvements in timing of leukapheresis, growth factor application, and mobilizing chemotherapy regimen as well as the use of alternative cytokines should be investigated for both age groups. J. Clin. Apheresis 19:202–207, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of the honeydew ratio in honey samples from their physicochemical data and from their volatile composition obtained by SPME and GC‐MS
Authors: Soria Ana C , González Montserrat , de Lorenzo Cristina , Martínez‐Castro Isabel , Sanz Jesús
Published: December 2004

Differentiation of nectar and honeydew honeys is difficult, not only because of the wide variability in composition and organoleptic properties among samples from the same source, but also because of the frequent existence of honeys resulting from a blend of nectar and honeydew. A mathematical expression to evaluate the relative presence of honeydew in a honey sample (HD) has been developed from relevant physicochemical properties of honey samples selected as highly representative of both honey types on the basis of their physico‐chemical and melissopalynological analysis. As honey aroma depends on its volatiles composition, GC‐MS analysis of the volatile fraction obtained by SPME has been carried out in order to evaluate its usefulness in honey source differentiation. Stepwise regression from multicomponent volatiles data was used for the estimation of HD and for determining which volatile compounds were related to the different honey sources. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of wilting and mechanical conditioning on proteolysis in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) wilted herbage and silage
Authors: Cavallarin Laura , Antoniazzi Sara , Borreani Giorgio , Tabacco Ernesto
Published: December 2004

Ensiling legumes allows conservation of high‐quality forage. However, severe protein degradation occurs during ensiling of legumes. A field study was carried out in 1999 on sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) to investigate the effects of wilting and mechanical conditioning on proteolysis in wilted herbage and silage. The herbage was cut with both a rubber roll conditioning machine (C) and with a mower without conditioner (U). It was wilted in the field to three dry matter (DM) levels (220, 330 and 440 g kg−1) and ensiled in laboratory glass silos. The herbages and the silages were analysed for ensilability characteristics, fermentation quality and nitrogen fractions. During wilting the non‐protein nitrogen (NPN) values increased (p < 0.05) in both U and C treatment. The free amino acid (free AA) values increased (p < 0.05) from 2.4 to 12.9 and from 2.4 to 7.2 mol kg−1 total nitrogen, in the U and C treatments, respectively. Low wilted silages (DM content <320 g kg−1) underwent butyric acid fermentation and extensive proteolysis in both treatments, with lower (p < 0.05) NPN and free AA values in the C treatment. Mechanical conditioning may limit protein breakdown and catabolism of some essential amino acids by reducing the field wilting time in both sainfoin wilted herbage and silage. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Seed coat tannins and bruchid resistance in stored cowpea seeds
Authors: Lattanzio Vincenzo , Terzano Roberto , Cicco Nunzia , Cardinali Angela , Venere Donato Di , Linsalata Vito
Published: December 2004

Seeds of wild species and varieties of Vigna were screened for their tannins and α‐amylase inhibitor contents as defensive compounds against cowpea weevil. Seed coats contained condensed tannins that were positively correlated to their colour but not to their resistance against the insect. The α‐amylase inhibitors were present in different amount in cotyledons of all species analysed. Amongst the cultivated lines assayed, Vigna unguiculata TVu 2027, an accession identified as moderately resistant, was found to contain the higher amount of α‐amylase inhibitor. When wild species were considered, V luteola and V vexillata (two resistant species) showed the highest content of α‐amylase inhibitors. In addition, two cultivated accessions (Vita 7 and IT 84E‐1‐108) of cowpea seeds, both classified as susceptible accessions, showing a different degree of bruchid damage in storage, were also analysed. No α‐amylase inhibitory activity was found in cotyledons of undamaged Vita 7 seeds, while the seed coat tannin content was found to be 13 times higher in undamaged Vita 7 seeds than in IT 84E‐1‐108 infested seeds. These latter results support the hypothesis that seed coat tannins must also be considered in biochemical defence mechanisms, which can deter, poison or starve bruchid larvae that feed on cowpea seeds. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Statistical analysis of effects of industrial processing steps on functional properties of pasteurised liquid egg white
Authors: Lechevalier Valérie , Périnel Emmanuel , Jeantet Romain , Lesaffre Capucine , Croguennec Thomas , Guérin‐Dubiard Catherine , Nau Françoise
Published: December 2004

Egg white is widely used as an ingredient in the food industry owing to its excellent functional properties. The transformation of shell eggs into safe liquid, frozen, or spray‐dried egg white with extended shelf life requires many technological operations that result in modifications to the egg white's functional properties. The present study highlights the critical steps affecting foaming and gelling properties during a classical pasteurised liquid egg white process. The main source of variation in functional properties was raw material quality, accounting for 70% of the variability. Part of the remaining 30% was explained by mechanical egg white–yolk separation, tank storage, pasteurisation and homogenisation that resulted in damage to the functional properties, whereas initial flow through pipes and pumping resulted in their improvement. The effects of these steps could be grouped according to the type of treatment undertaken. Dry matter content, pH and treatment intensity at each step contributed about 30% of the variability in functional properties due to processing steps. Relationships between the modifications of egg white functional properties and protein conformation were established. Between 46 and 78% of the variability in functional properties can be explained by protein denaturation, temperature and enthalpy changes. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinically significant but unsuspected restless legs syndrome in patients with sleep apnea
Authors: Lakshminarayanan Sowmya , Paramasivan Kanchana Devi , Walters Arthur S. , Wagner Mary L. , Patel Shivani , Passi Vandna
Published: December 2004

In this prospective study, the prevalence of clinically significant restless legs syndrome (RLS) with symptoms at least 2 to 3 days per week was 8.3% in 60 sequentially polysomnographically studied patients with clinically significant sleep apnea (Apnea Index score > 5 or Respiratory Disturbance Index score > 10). Age‐matched spouses were used as a control group and showed a comparable prevalence of RLS at 2.5% (not significant). Although RLS appears to be only slightly more common in sleep apnea patients than in controls, the importance of this study lies in the fact that clinically significant RLS occurred in 1 of every 12 patients with sleep apnea and, in every case, the RLS was unsuspected before polysomnography. We recommend that all patients undergoing polysomnography to rule out sleep apnea be screened for the symptoms of RLS. We have found the MEMO–NIH consensus conference questionnaire administered at the time of polysomnography to be useful in this regard. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Elastic potentials at corners in Sobolev spaces with asymptotics
Authors: Kapanadze David
Published: December 2004

This paper is aimed at studying the single and double layer potentials related to the boundary value problems of elasticity theory for anisotropic case for the plane, corner domains. We start from the systems of second order elliptic differential equations with constant coefficients, write the fundamental solution and form the single and double layer (elastic) potentials. Applying the pseudo‐differential calculus we obtain the continuity results of the elastic potentials at corners in cone Sobolev spaces without and with asymptotics and characterize asymptotics of solutions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diblock and triblock copolymers of styrene and acetoxymethylstyrene by one‐pot ATRP
Authors: Rajan M. , Agarwal U. S. , Bailly C. , George K. E. , Lemstra P. J.
Published: December 2004

We describe the synthesis of diblock and triblock copolymers by sequential atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene and acetoxymethylstyrene. Contrary to the usual block copolymerization involving isolation of the macroinitiator, a convenient one‐pot procedure is developed. This is possible because of the preferential polymerization of acetoxymethylstyrene, even in the presence of residual styrene, as inferred from characterization of the intermediate polystyrenes and the block copolymers by size exclusion chromatography,1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and GPEC techniques. The latent acetoxy functionalities in these block copolymers are shown to be easily unmasked to OH and Br functionalities, with the potential for block ionomers and dense graft architectures. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 575–583, 2005
The expression and regulation of ADAMTS‐1, ‐4, ‐5, ‐9, and ‐15, and TIMP‐3 by TGFβ1 in prostate cells: relevance to the accumulation of versican
Authors: Cross N.A. , Chandrasekharan S. , Jokonya N. , Fowles A. , Hamdy F.C. , Buttle D.J. , Eaton C.L.
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is characterized by a proportional increase in the size of the stromal compartment of the gland, involving alterations to extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Some of these changes have been associated with the activity and expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1). Versican (chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan‐2) is overexpressed in BPH and prostate cancer and potentially contributes to disease pathology. A sub‐group of the ADAMTS lineage of metalloproteases possess versican‐degrading properties and are potential regulators of proteoglycan accumulation associated with BPH. These enzymes have one major inhibitor in the ECM, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)‐3.

METHODS

The effect of TGFβ on mRNA expression in prostatic stromal cells was determined by real‐time qRT‐PCR using primers to ADAMTS‐1, ‐4, ‐5, ‐9, ‐15, versican, and TIMP‐3. MMP‐inhibitory potential (TIMP activity) of conditioned medium was measured using a fluorometric peptide substrate.

RESULTS

Prostatic stromal cell cultures consistently expressed ADAMTS‐1, ‐4, ‐5, ‐9, ‐15 and TIMP‐3, in contrast to PC3, DU145, and LNCaP cells which failed to express at least two ADAMTS transcripts. In stromal cells, TGFβ1 decreased ADAMTS‐1, ‐5, ‐9, and ‐15 transcripts and increased ADAMTS‐4, versican, and TIMP‐3. TGFβ also increased TIMP activity in conditioned medium.

CONCLUSIONS

The induction of versican expression by TGFβ in BPH stromal cells is in agreement with histological studies. The negative effect of TGFβ1 on ADAMTS‐1, ‐5, ‐9, and ‐15 coupled with increases in their inhibitor, TIMP‐3 may aid the accumulation of versican in the stromal compartment of the prostate in BPH and prostate cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Description of the international consortium for prostate cancer genetics, and failure to replicate linkage of hereditary prostate cancer to 20q13
Authors: Schaid Daniel J. , Chang Bao Li ,   The International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics
Published: December 2004

The International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG) is an international collaborative effort to pool pedigrees with hereditary prostate cancer (PC) in order to replicate linkage findings for PC. A strength of the ICPCG is the large number of well‐characterized pedigrees, allowing linkage analyses within large subsets. Given the heterogeneity and complexity of PC, the historical difficulties of synthesizing different studies reporting positive and negative linkage replication, and the use of different statistical analysis methods and different stratification criteria, the ICPCG provides a valuable resource to evaluate linkage for hereditary PC. To date, linkage of chromosome 20 (HPC20) to hereditary PC has been one of the strongest linkage signals, yet the efforts to replicate this linkage have been limited. This paper reports a linkage analysis of chromosome 20 markers for 1,234 pedigrees with multiple cases of PC ascertained through the ICPCG, and represents the most thorough attempt to confirm or refute linkage to chromosome 20. From the original 158 Mayo pedigrees in which linkage was detected, the maximum heterogeneity LOD (HLOD) score, under a recessive model, was 2.78. In contrast, for the 1,076 pedigrees not included in the original study, the maximum HLOD score (recessive model) was 0.06. Although, a few small linkage signals for chromosome 20 were found in various strata of this pooled analysis, this large study failed to replicate linkage to HPC20. This study illustrates the value of the ICPCG family collection to evaluate reported linkage signals and suggests that the HPC20 region does not make a major contribution to PC susceptibility. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies on the bioactivity and elementology of marine algae from the coast of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Rizvi Muhammad Afzal , Shameel Mustafa
Published: December 2004

Some species of marine benthic algae belonging to the Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta collected from different coastal areas of Karachi (Pakistan) were investigated for their antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal activities. Brown seaweeds showed greater antibacterial activity than the green and red ones. Botryocladia leptopoda (J. Ag.) Kylin exhibited the greatest antifungal activity and Codium shameelii Nizam. the least. The highest phytotoxic activity (95%) was displayed by Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Nees at 100 µg/mL concentration, while Osmundea pinnatiﬁda (Huds.) Stack. showed the low insecticidal activity as compared to the other investigated species. Many elements e.g. Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Pb, Zn were determined quantitatively. Among them Ca, Cr and Pb were found to occur in largest amount in green seaweeds, Co, Cu, Fe and Zn in greatest quantity in brown seaweeds, while Cd, K, Mg and Na in highest proportion in the investigated red seaweeds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interaction of selected natural products with human recombinant glutathione transferases
Authors: Hayeshi Rose , Mukanganyama Stanley , Hazra Banasri , Abegaz Berhanu , Hasler Julia
Published: December 2004

The interaction of geshoidin, diospyrin and ergothioneine, with heterologously expressed human glutathione transferases (GSTs) was investigated in vitro. Diospyrin and geshoidin inhibited the three GST isoforms tested, with IC50 values in the range 0.1–0.5 µm, whereas ergothioneine had no effect on the GSTs. The predominant mode of inhibition was noncompetitive with respect to both glutathione (GSH) and 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Diospyrin, however, competitively inhibited A1‐1 and M1‐1 with respect to GSH and geshoidin displayed mixed inhibition toward A1‐1 with respect to GSH. The Ki values for diospyrin with respect to both GSH and CDNB were in the range 0.08–0.6 µM and those for geshoidin were in the range 16–173 µM. These results indicate that diospyrin is a potent inhibitor of heterologously expressed human GSTs A1‐1, M1‐1 and P1‐1. Diospyrin and geshoidin were also found to inactivate P1‐1 with diospyrin being a potent inactivator. Given these inhibitory properties, diospyrin may be a potential GST chemomodulator. Ergothioneine inactivated P1‐1 only after preincubation and it enhanced ethacrynic acid inactivation of P1‐1. Inactivation of P1‐1 by ergothioneine may have implications for the antioxidant roles of P1‐1 and ergothioneine in vivo. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anticonﬂict actions of aqueous extracts of flowers of Achillea millefolium L. vary according to the estrous cycle phases in Wistar rats
Authors: Molina‐Hernandez M. , Tellez‐Alcantara N. P. , Diaz M. A. , Garcia J. Perez , Lopez J. I. Olivera , Jaramillo M. Teresa
Published: December 2004

Anticonﬂict‐like effects of aqueous extract of ﬂowers of Achillea millefolium L., a plant with purported anxiolytic actions, were studied in female Wistar rats during late proestrus or diestrus. During late proestrus (p < 0.05), control rats displayed reduced conﬂict behavior compared with diestrus. Diazepam (2.0 mg/kg; i.p.) reduced conﬂict behavior both during late proestrus (p < 0.05) or diestrus (p < 0.05). Doses of 8.0 mg/kg (p < 0.05), 10.0 mg/kg (p < 0.05) or 12.0 mg/kg (p < 0.05) of Achillea millefolium reduced conﬂict behavior during late proestrus. Conversely, during diestrus, only the dose of 12.0 mg/kg (p < 0.05) of Achillea millefolium L. reduced conﬂict behavior. In conclusion, the anticonﬂict‐like actions of Achillea millefolium L. may vary according to the estrous cycle phase. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of green tea catechin‐induced lipolysis on cytosol glycerol content in differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells
Authors: Mochizuki Miyako , Hasegawa Noboru
Published: December 2004

The inﬂuence of catechins in green tea on lipolysis in fully differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells was studied and glycerol release into the buffer, cytosol and residual triglyceride were measured.

The addition of (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) stimulated glycerol release into the cytosol signiﬁcantly after incubation for 4 h, but had no effect on that into the buffer. However, (+)‐catechins did not produce a signiﬁcant increase in lipolysis. These data suggested that EGCG has strong lipolytic activity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of essential oil concentration on the pH of nutrient and Iso‐sensitest broth
Authors: Hood J. R. , Cavanagh H. M. A. , Wilkinson J. M.
Published: December 2004

The role of pH on the antimicrobial activity of essential oils has not been well studied. The effect of four essential oils: Backhousia citriodora, Melaleuca alternifolia, Lavandula angustifolia and Santalum spicatum (0.1% to 10%) on the pH of two commonly used media, nutrient broth and Iso‐sensitest broth, was therefore undertaken. Small (less than 0.5 pH units) but statistically signiﬁcant differences between the pH of the two media followed the addition of M. alternifolia, L. angustifolia and S. spicatum essential oil. In general the effect on pH was greatest at higher concentrations and the fall in pH was greatest in the nutrient broth. The addition of B. citriodora essential oil to nutrient broth resulted in a fall in pH from 7.29 ± 0.02 (no oil) to 5.2 ± 0.03 (10% oil). This effect was not observed in the Iso‐sensitest broth. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Yeast hydrolysate reduces body fat of dietary obese rats
Authors: Kim K. M. , Chang U. J. , Kang D. H. , Kim J. M. , Choi Y. M. , Suh H. J.
Published: December 2004

The purpose of this study was to assess the antiobesity effect of the yeast hydrolysate (DNF) on the body weight, body fat and plasma lipids levels of high‐fat fed rats. The weight gain of the HF (high fat diet) (162.58 ± 6.68 g) was signiﬁcantly (p < 0.05) greater than that of DNF‐1, DNF‐2, (high fat diet with DNF of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg body weight, respectively) and control groups (143.19 ± 7.33 g, 139.20 ± 8.36 g, 130.23 ± 8.02 g, respectively). The wet weight of the epididymal fat and the perirenal fat pads of the DNF‐1, DNF‐2 and control groups were reduced signiﬁcantly (p < 0.05). A signiﬁcant (p < 0.05) increase of HDL‐cholesterol level of the DNF‐2 and control groups was observed. However, there was no signiﬁcant difference between DNF‐1 and DNF‐2. It was also found that the triacylglycerol (TG) levels decreased signiﬁcantly (p < 0.05) in the DNF‐2 group from that of the HF, but there was no signiﬁcant (p < 0.05) difference between DNF‐1 and DNF‐2. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estragole‐induced behavioural changes in rats
Authors: Cosentino Rosana M. , Norte Maria C. B. , Lazarini Carlos A.
Published: December 2004

Croton zehntneri is a popular plant used in the Brazilian folk medicine. Recently, the use of its essential oil showed depressive activity on the central nervous system (CNS). Chemical studies show that estragole (ES) is one of the main compounds of this oil. This work seeks to evaluate the activity of ES on behaviour models of depression and anxiety, in rats. Male rats (60 days) were distributed to four groups (n = 10) and treated with 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 µL/100 g body weight, v.o. of ES (experimental) and saline (control). Forced swimming and open‐ﬁeld parameters were unaffected by the ES treatment suggesting no alterations on depression behaviour. A decrease was observed in the total time of social interaction in the 10.0 µL/100 g group in relation to other groups. This group showed a reduction in the total entries frequency on the elevated plus‐maze without differences to the other parameters of this test. No differences in holeboard parameters were observed suggesting no alterations in exploratory activity. These data suggest that administration of ES induced alterations in the CNS related to anxiety behaviour, expressed by the shortest total time in the social interaction model. Exposure to ES was capable of altering the motor activity in the plus‐maze test. These data are antagonistic to those observed with the Croton zehntneri essential oil in these models. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiulcer activity of methanol fraction of Barleria lupulina Lindl. in animal models
Authors: Suba V. , Murugesan T. , Pal M. , Mandal Subhash C. , Saha B. P.
Published: December 2004

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the gastric cytoprotective activity of the methanol extract of aerial parts of the plant Barleria lupulina Lindl (Acanthaceae) in albino rats using various models of ulcers such as drug induced ulcers, restraint ulcers, duodenal ulcers and pylorus ligated ulcers. The effect of the extract on gastric secretion and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reacting substances TBARS) was also studied in rats. The extract at the tested dose of 200 mg/kg signiﬁcantly reduced the volume of gastric juice, total acidity and the ulcer index in pylorus ligated rats. It also afforded signiﬁcant protection against alcohol and indomethacin induced ulcer as well as stress induced ulceration. TBARS in the stomach of indomethacin treated rats was also reduced. In addition, it gave protection against duodenal ulcers. The study suggests that the methanol extract of aerial parts of Barleria lupulina Lindl. has a protective effect against experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiinﬂammatory activity of Synurus deltoides
Authors: Park Joon Hyun , Son Kun Ho , Kim Sung Wan , Chang Hyeun Wook , Bae KiHwan , Kang Sam Sik , Kim Hyun Pyo
Published: December 2004

Synurus deltoides Aiton, Nakai, is an edible plant that has been used as a folk medicine for treating inﬂammatory disorders. This investigation was carried out to establish the antiinﬂammatory activity of this plant material using a 75% ethanol extract from the aerial part of S. deltoides. Against the acute inﬂammatory animal model of mouse croton oil‐induced ear oedema assay, the extract did not show signiﬁcant inhibition at 100–800 mg/kg by oral administration. On the other hand, the extract showed considerable inhibition against the chronic inﬂammatory animal model of rat adjuvant‐induced arthritis (25% inhibition at 100 mg/kg/day) while prednisolone exerted 40% inhibition at 10 mg/kg/day. In addition, S. deltoides possessed strong analgesic activity (IC50 = 50 mg/kg) in the acetic acid‐induced writhing test. From the extract, ursolic acid and scopoletin were successfully isolated and their contents were found to be 0.31% and 0.37% (w/w), respectively, based on the dried extract by HPLC analysis. All the results obtained indicate that this plant material may be used beneﬁcially as an antiinﬂammatory agent having analgesic action. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational absorption spectra of CnS (n = 2, 6) and CnS2 (n = 7, 9, 11, 13, 15) linear carbon–sulfur clusters
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Szczepanski Jan , Cooke Andrew , Brucat Philip , Vala Martin
Published: December 2004

Carbon–sulfur clusters have been generated by the laser ablation of mixed sulfur–graphite pellets and the pulsed‐jet discharge of acetylene/carbon disulfide/argon or diacetylene/carbon disulfide/argon mixtures. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopic measurements of cryogenic argon matrices, aided by Becke's three‐parameter exchange functional and the gradient‐corrected functional of Lee, Yang, and Paar (B3LYP/6‐311G*) calculations of the previous paper, has led to the identification of six heretofore unknown CnSm clusters: C6S, C7S2, C9S2, C11S2, C13S2, and C15S2. In addition, C2S has also been formed and bands at 1662.6 and 857.2 cm−1 unambiguously assigned to its C–C and C–S stretching modes, respectively. Using 12C/13C isotopic substitution and density functional theory calculations, bands at 1377.9, 1368.8, 1832.4, and 1796.9 cm−1 have been assigned to the ν4, ν7, ν10, and ν12 C–C stretching vibrations in linear C6S, C7S2, C13S2, and C15S2 clusters, respectively. From intensity correlation measurements, the 2056.7, 1938.2, and 1504.5 cm−1 bands have been attributed to the C7S2 (ν5, ν6), and C15S2 (ν13) clusters, respectively. A “coincidence plot” has been used to ascribe several additional bands to the C9S2 (ν7, ν8), and C11S2 (ν9) clusters. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Evaluation of bielectronic integrals for 1s Slater orbitals by using averages
Authors: Pérez J. E. , Cesco J. C. , Taurian O. E. , Ortiz F. S. , Rosso A. E. , Denner C. C. , Giubergia G. O.
Published: December 2004

A new approach for evaluating the four‐center bielectronic integrals (12|34), involving 1s Slater‐type orbitals, is presented. The method uses the multiplication theorem for Bessel functions. The bielectronic integral is expressed in terms of a finite sum of functions, and a scaling parameter is introduced. In the present work, the scaling parameter used is an average. The results show that the first term in the sum is always the principal contribution, and the remainder has a corrective character. The whole scheme and its numerical trend are understood on the basis of a theorem recently proved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Infrared spectra and dissociation pathways of the linear carbon–sulfur clusters CnS and SCnS (n ≤ 29): Theoretical calculations
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Szczepanski Jan , Brucat Philip , Vala Martin
Published: December 2004

Energies, structural parameters, and harmonic vibrational frequencies of the linear carbon–sulfur clusters, CnSm (n = 1–29, m = 1–2), have been computed using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP exchange‐correlation functional and Pople's 6‐311G* basis set. The energies and equilibrium geometries have been compared to MP2 (Møller–Plesset second‐order perturbation) and CCSD(T) calculations for C2S, C6S, and C7S2, three carbon–sulfur clusters recently observed and reported for the first time in the following article. The vibrational frequencies, predicted using B3LYP/6‐311G*, agree satisfactorily with the observed infrared (IR) band frequencies, with only a 17 cm−1 standard deviation for all experimentally known carbon–sulfur cluster CC stretching modes. Dissociation energies calculated for different loss mechanisms indicate that carbon–sulfur clusters prefer to lose CS, in agreement with experimental observations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Summary of ISO/TC 201 standard: XXI. ISO 21270:2004—Surface chemical analysis—X‐ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectrometers—Linearity of intensity scale
Authors: Seah M. P.
Published: December 2004

This International Standard specifies two methods for determining the maximum count rate for an acceptable limit of divergence from linearity of the intensity scale of Auger and x‐ray photoelectron spectrometers. It also includes methods to correct for intensity non‐linearities so that a higher maximum count rate can be employed for those spectrometers for which the relevant correction equations have been shown to be valid. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neue Synthesen und Kristallstrukturen von Bis(fluorphenyl)quecksilber, Hg(Rf)2 (Rf = C6F5, 2, 3, 4, 6‐F4C6H, 2, 3, 5, 6‐F4C6H, 2, 4, 6‐F3C6H2, 2, 6‐F2C6H3)
Authors: Naumann Dieter , Schulz Frank
Published: December 2004

Bis(fluorphenyl)quecksilber‐Verbindungen, Hg(Rf)2 (Rf = C6F5, C6HF4, C6H2F3, C6H3F2), werden durch Reaktionen von HgF2 mit Me3SiRf in sehr guten Ausbeuten dargestellt. Die Kristallstrukturen von Hg(2, 3, 4, 6‐F4C6H)2 (monoklin, P21/n), Hg(2, 3, 5, 6‐F4C6H)2 (monoklin, C2/m), Hg(2, 4, 6‐F3C6H2)2 (monoklin, P21/c) und Hg(2, 6‐F2C6H3)2 (triklin, P1) werden beschrieben.
Phosphonio‐benzophospholide Zwitterions as Bridging 8e‐Donor Ligands: Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Bakk Istvan , Gudat Dietrich , Häp Stefan , Nieger Martin , Nyulaszi László , Szarvas László
Published: December 2004

Reactions of the phosphonio‐benzophospholide π‐complexes 3a, b[Cr] with [M(CO)5(olefin)] or of the σ‐complexes 2a, b[M] (M = Cr, Mo, W) with [M(CO)3(aren)] lead to the first binuclear complexes 4a, b[CrM] featuring phosphonoio‐benzophospholides as μ‐bridging 8e‐donor ligands to two group 6 metal atoms. The constitution of the products was determined by spectroscopic and X‐ray diffraction studies. Mixed complexes with both group 6 and 7 metals were not accessible. Mechanistic studies showed that the reactions follow a complicated mechanism whose single steps may involve transfer of either M(CO)n fragments or single CO ligands between complexes; the latter are associated with a σ/π‐coordination isomerization of the benzophospholide unit. Competition between both reaction channels can lead to the formation of product mixtures whose composition is controlled by the relative thermodynamic stabilities of the products. Computational studies suggest that in the more stable isomer of heterobimetallic complexes 4a, b[MM′] end‐on coordination to the heavier and side‐on coordination to the lighter metal atom is preferred.
The Crystal Structures of the High‐temperature Phases of Ag4Mn3O8
Authors: Ahlert S. , Dinnebier R. , Jansen M.
Published: December 2004

Two endothermic, reversible structural phase transitions of first order have been observed in Ag4Mn3O8by means ofin‐situpowder diffraction and by differential scanning calorimetry. At a temperature ofT= 477 K, Ag4Mn3O8undergoes a structural phase transition from the room temperature phase in space groupP3121 to a phase in space groupR32, and atT= 689 K a second phase transition to a structure in space groupP4332 occurs. Whilst the Mn3O8framework does not change significantly upon heating, rearrangements of the silver atoms, located in the cavities of the framework, were found to be the driving force behind the transitions. The structural changes with increasing temperature proceed along a path of minimal group‐supergroup relations between the respective space groups.
A Novel Access to Phenylnickel‐phosphinophenolate Trimethylphosphine Complexes as Single Component Oligo‐ or Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Heinicke Joachim , Peulecke Normen , Kindermann Markus K. , Jones Peter G.
Published: December 2004

A novel access to phenylnickel‐2‐phosphinophenolate trimethylphosphine complexes, which unlike the “P‐ylide method” is not limited to P‐arylphosphino derivatives, consists of the reaction of 2‐phosphinophenols and diphenylnickel‐bis(trimethylphosphine), easily prepared from phenyllithium and NiCl2(PMe3)2. [PhNi(2‐Ph2PC6H4O)(PMe3)], [PhNi(2‐cHex2PC6H4O)(PMe3)] and [PhNi(2‐Ph2P‐4‐MeOC6H3O)(PMe3)], the latter two with more basic dialkylphosphino or 4‐methoxy substituents, were synthesized and tested in the oligomerization of ethylene. The molecular structure of [PhNi(2‐cHex2PC6H4O)(PMe3)] in the crystal is reported.
Über Reaktionen von Hexachlorodiberyllat mit Trimethylsilyl‐N‐dimethylamid. Die Kristallstrukturen von (Ph4P)3[Be2Cl5(OSiMe3)][BeCl3(Me2NSiMe3)], (Ph4P)[BeCl3(HNMe2)] und (Ph4P)(H2NMe2)[BeCl4]
Authors: Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt
Published: December 2004

Die Reaktionen von Bis‐tetraphenylphosphonium‐hexachlorodiberyllat, (Ph4P)2[Be2Cl6], mit Trimethylsilyl‐N‐dimethylamid führen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen zu den neuen Chloroberyllatderivativen (Ph4P)3[Be2Cl5(OSiMe3)][BeCl3(Me2NSiMe3)] (1), (Ph4P)[BeCl3(HNMe2)] (2) und (Ph4P)(H2NMe2)[BeCl4] (3). 1‐3 werden IR‐spektroskopisch und durch Kristallstrukturanalysen charakterisiert.

1·4CH2Cl2: Raumgruppe P1¯, Z = 2, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 1115, 6(1); b = 2110, 7(2); c = 2145, 0(3) pm; α = 71, 38(1)°; β = 85, 66(1)°; γ = 85, 24(1)°, R1 = 0, 0732. Das [Be2Cl5(OSiMe3)]2—‐Ion in der Struktur von 1 leitet sich vom [Be2Cl6]2—‐Ion durch Ersatz eines μ‐Cl‐Atoms durch das O‐Atom der (OSiMe3)—‐Gruppe ab. Das zweite Anion, [BeCl3(Me2NSiMe3)]—, läßt sich als Donor‐Akzeptorkomplex beschreiben mit einer kurzen Be—N‐Bindung von 179(1) pm.

2: Raumgruppe P1¯, Z = 2, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 1063, 1(1); b = 1072, 0(1); c = 1238, 3(1) pm; α = 87, 55(1)°; β = 74, 86(1)°; γ = 69, 73(1)°; R1 = 0, 0299. Das Anion von 2 bildet ein zentrosymmetrisches Dimeres [BeCl3(HNMe2)]22— über N—H···Cl‐Brücken der beiden Donor‐Akzeptorkomplexeinheiten mit Be—N‐Abständen von 175, 2(2) pm.

3: Raumgruppe Pbca, Z = 8, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 926, 9(1); b = 2164, 7(1); c = 2732, 7(1) pm; R1 = 0, 0495. In der Struktur von 3 liegen zentrosymmetrische Ionenquadrupel [(Me2NH2)(BeCl4)]22— vor, die durch N—H···Cl‐Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen den (Me2NH2)+‐ und den [BeCl4]2—‐Ionen zustandekommen.
Formation and Structure of Iodotrinitrosyliron, [Fe(NO)3I]
Authors: Beck Wolfgang , Enzmann Armin , Mayer Peter
Published: December 2004

Iodotrinitrosyliron is formed by passing a stream of nitrogen monoxide over solid diiodotetracarbonyliron or in dichloromethane solution by reaction of nitrogen monoxide with the iodo bridged diiodotetranitrosyldiiron. Solid [Fe(NO)3I] readily loses nitrogen monoxide to give [(ON)2Fe(μ‐I)2Fe(NO)2](Fe‐Fe). The structure of freshly prepared [Fe(NO)3I] was determined by X‐ray diffraction at 200 K and shows tetrahedral coordination with N‐Fe‐N and N‐Fe‐I angles of 110.3(2)° and 108.6(2)° and bent Fe‐N‐O groups (166.5(6)°). The monomeric [Fe(NO)3I] and the dimer [Fe(NO)2I]2 can be clearly distinguished by the frequencies and the ratio of the intensities of the two NO absorptions and from the latter the tetrahedral ON‐Fe‐NO angle can be derived. A short overview on nitrosyl iron halides is given.
Concepts, Rationale, and Current Outcomes of Less Invasive Surgical Strategies for Early Gastric Cancer: Data from a quarter‐century of experience in a single institution
Authors: Shimoyama Shouji , Seto Yasuyuki , Yasuda Hidemitsu , Mafune Ken‐ichi , Kaminishi Michio
Published: December 2004

Previously proposed criteria of less invasive surgery for early gastric cancer (EGC) were based mainly on the pathological analyses of the resected specimens; however, preoperative and intraoperative information are also obviously essential for decision making on stage‐dependent patient management. Furthermore, most indications and treatment options have not been systematically integrated or evaluated by treatment outcomes. We investigate in this report the rationality of less invasive surgery employed for EGC. Distribution analyses of positive nodes were investigated among 684 patients with primary solitary EGC (379 mucosal and 305 submucosal) who underwent curative resection between 1976 and 2000. Clinicopathological factors highlighted and analyzed included clinical (preoperative and intraoperative) and pathological (postoperative) cancer depth and nodal involvement, gross form, histological type, and maximum cancer diameter, as well as postoperative morbidity and mortality. The scope of lymphadenectomy can be reduced to a modified D1 for clinically mucosal, node‐negative, nonpalpable gastric cancer, or for clinically submucosal, node‐negative gastric cancer ≤ 1.5 cm for intestinal type, or ≤ 1.0 cm for diffuse type. Otherwise, a modified D2 lymphadenectomy is sufficient. Local resection can be recommended for clinically mucosal, node‐negative gastric cancer without apparent ulceration ≤ 4 cm if adjacent lymph nodes are proved cancer negative by a frozen section examination. If the gastric cancer has spread beyond the above criteria, a pylorus‐preserving gastrectomy (PPG) can be recommended for tumors located in the middle or lower third of the stomach, provided the distal margin of the cancer is at least 4.5 cm from the pyloric ring. The PPG can be accompanied by a modified D1 or a modified D2 lymphadenectomy according to the respective dissection criteria. Results of these less invasive strategies showed reduced morbidity and mortality, as well as no recurrence or cancer‐related deaths. These results suggest that each of our criteria for less invasive surgery for EGC is realistic, well stratified, and satisfactory.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the yeast Kluyveromyces thermotolerans
Authors: Talla Emmanuel , Anthouard Véronique , Bouchier Christiane , Frangeul Lionel , Dujon Bernard
Published: December 2004

We report here the complete nucleotide sequence of the 23.5‐kb mitochondrial genome from the yeast Kluyveromyces thermotolerans. It encodes, all on the same DNA strand, three subunits of cytochrome oxidase (COX1, COX2 and COX3), three subunits of ATP synthetase (ATP6, ATP8 and ATP9), the apocytochrome b (COB), the ribosomal protein VAR1, 24 tRNAs, the small and large ribosomal RNAs, and the RNA subunit of RNase P. Three intronic ORFs are present within the COX1 gene group I introns. The K. thermotolerans mitochondrial genome is very similar to the Candida glabrata mitochondrial genome, as judged from clusters of gene order, gene transcription units and sequence similarities. Interestingly, the predicted secondary structure of the abnormal tRNA

Thr1
contains 10 nucleotides in its anticodon loop. This sequence is available under EMBL Accession No. AJ634268.
Molecular Spectrometry Data Interchange Applications for NIST's SpectroML
Authors: Nguyen Anh Dao Thi , Arslan Aykut , Travis John , Smith Melody , Schafer Reinhold , Kramer Gary W.
Published: December 2004

SpectroML, a markup language for ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy data, has been developed as a “Web-aware” mechanism for instrument-to-instrument, instrument-to-application, and application-to-application data interchange and archiving. This article documents the application of SpectroML to the interchange and archiving of measurement data from three spectrophotometers that are used in the NIST optical filter standards program. It describes how result data from the NIST national reference spectrophotometer and two commercial spectrophotometers are converted into SpectroML format and how SpectroML-formatted data and metadata are imported into the optical filter standards database.