bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is there a relationship between metformin-related gastrointestinal symptoms and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Eskin Fatih , Tutan Duygu
Published: March 2023

Metformin (MTF) associated gastrointestinal symptoms are fairly common side effects that adversely affect patients' treatment adherence. However, the variability of gastrointestinal symptoms in MTF-using patients has not been fully explained. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency with MTF-related gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using MTF were included in the study sequentially. Demographic characteristics of the patients, duration of diabetes, MTF dose and duration used, and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded. Afterward, a hemogram, HgbA1c, and vitamin B12 measurements were performed. Patients with and without vitamin B12 deficiency were divided into two groups. The two groups were compared with statistical methods. Twenty-five percent of patients had low serum vitamin B12 levels. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency had a longer diabetes duration, and a longer MTF usage duration (p<0.001, p<0.001) than the patients without vitamin B12 deficiency. There was no correlation between B12 deficiency and MTF dosage (p=0.590). Gastrointestinal symptoms were seen more frequently in the B12 deficiency group (p=0.025). Bloating and constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting were seen commonly in the B12 deficiency group (p=0.002, p<0.001, p=0.014, p=0.004, respectively). Three or more symptoms were frequently seen in B12-deficient patients (p<0.001). Patients with both a MTF usage duration of 10 years or higher and vitamin B12 deficiency are found to be 434% more likely to have active gastrointestinal symptoms than all other patient groups (OR:5.343, 95%CI (2.173-13.140), p<0.001). Study results have shown that gastrointestinal symptoms seen in patients with T2DM taking MTF may be associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. MTF-related gut microbiome changes may play a role in this relationship. In particular, we recommend that patients who have been using MTF for ≥10 years and have gastrointestinal complaints should be followed more closely for vitamin B12 deficiency.
Digital Government for Anti Corruption: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Karinda Kisman , Agustang Andi , Usman Arifuddin
Published: March 2023

Corruption is a major crime that harms state finances and the public interest. One way to fight corruption is to implement digital government to increase government transparency and accountability. The purpose of this study was to undertake a thorough review of the literature on government digitalization and anti-corruption.This study used a descriptive analysis approach to 99 articles obtained from the Scopus database in the 2019-2021 period. The data in the form of RIS is processed by using VOSviewer which showed that Government, Transparency, Corruption, Governance and Level are the most dominant concepts that are most often explained by researchers. This indicated that these four keywords have a very significant influence in studies on this topic. This research contributed to providing a reference for policy makers or relevant stakeholders in preventing corrupt practices through the application of digital government which is increasingly important during Covid-19. The limitation of this study lied in the reference source which only comes from Scopus and the short duration of data collection. Therefore, in order to produce a comparative, broad and comprehensive analysis, further studies need to include sources of other reputable international journals such as the Web of Science (WoS) and increase the duration of data collection.
Non-equilibrium relaxations: ageing and finite-size effects
Authors: Henkel M.
Published: March 2023

The long-time behaviour of spin-spin correlators in the slow relaxation of systems undergoing phase-ordering kinetics is studied in geometries of finite size. A phenomenological finite-size scaling ansatz is formulated and tested through the exact solution of the kinetic spherical model, quenched to below the critical temperature, in 2< d < 4 dimensions.
Investigating injector angles to eliminate spray-wall impingement in a manifold port injection system of gasoline engines
Authors: Nguyen Uy , Nguyen Phu , Duong Cuong , Phung Duoc , Nguyen Quan , Pham Xuan Assoc.Prof.Dr Phuong
Published: March 2023

There has been an outstanding improvement in injection technology in the spark ignition (SI) engines’ fuel supply systems, from traditional carburettors with throttle body injection (TBI), manifold port or multi-point injection (MPI) to direct injection (DI). This paper has developed an MPI intake manifold model and investigated fuel injector angles using a multiphase CFD package provided by FloEFD software. A wide range of injector angles from 22 to 30 degrees has been investigated in order to evaluate the influence of the injector angle on the wall-wetting issue, a critical problem of manifold injection systems in SI engines. The intake air pressure differential in the manifold was also evaluated. The results show that the fuel injector angle affects the multiphase flow in the MPI system. The manifold diameter meets the design specifications, and the pressure differential in the manifold is quite small. With an injector angle of 25 degrees, the wall-wetting issue is minimal. This model could be used for further studies on engine performance and emission formation.
Nghiên cứu tổng hợp xanh tổ hợp vật liệu nano kim loại hóa trị 0 từ dịch chiết lá trà xanh
Authors: Lê Minh , Tô Phương Linh  , Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương  , Nguyễn Quang Lý  , Nguyễn Trung Đức
Published: March 2023

Nano sắt hóa trị 0 có thể xử lý một cách có hiệu quả nhiều loại chất ô nhiễm khác nhau trong môi trường, bao gồm các hợp chất hữu cơ chứa clo, kim loại nặng và một số chất vô cơ khác. Việc kết hợp thêm 1 xúc tác kim loại với sắt nano đã cho thấy hiệu quả xử lý chất ô nhiễm, đặc biệt là các hợp chất hữu cơ khó phân hủy (POPs) tăng lên đáng kể. Các phương pháp tổng hợp nano bền vững, thân thiện với môi trường ngày càng được quan tâm. Một phương pháp sử dụng các loại hóa chất không độc hại, dung môi thân thiện với môi trường, quy trình đơn giản, là sử dụng dịch chiết từ lá trà xanh trong dung môi nước đã được tiến hành trong nghiên cứu này để tổng hợp một số tổ hợp nano kim loại hóa trị 0. Cụ thể, tổ hợp nano lưỡng kim Fe/Ni, Cu/Ni đã được tổng hợp. Trong đó, khối lượng nano kim loại được tạo thành nhiều nhất ở tỉ lệ mol muối sắt/kim loại thứ 2 là 3:1. Điều kiện tối ưu để tổng hợp vật liệu là: thời gian 12h, nhiệt độ 50 oC, pH trung tính.
A study of the effects of job-related stress on mental well-being, with a particular focus on workers in the diagnostic industry of Ahmedabad
Authors: Goswami Nitin K
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this research is to comprehend the stressors and their influence on the mental health of personnel working in pathology laboratories in Ahmedabad. We are all watching the devastation caused by the current pandemic and the impact it has had on our available healthcare resources. It has resulted in unfathomable labor demands on employees in the healthcare and diagnostic sectors. The laboratory industry is under continual pressure to achieve work performance due to the ever-increasing need for testing and continuing research. It has, in some ways, presented an unprecedented challenge to people working in this industry in terms of managing with work-related stress. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the correlation between job stress and mental health, using a questionnaire that assessed demographics, perceived job stress, and mental health status. The questionnaire was distributed amongst a sample size of 400 respondents. "We used multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate the link between perceived job stress and mental health, taking into consideration factors such as gender, age, marital status, and physical health status." Keywords: Mental health, Perceived job stress, Laboratory technicians, Cross-sectional study
OPTIMISATION OF MEDIA FOR PRODUCTION OF COST- EFFECTIVE RHIZOBIUM [BIOFERTILIZER]
Authors: JORGEWAD RAJESH , PILLAI ADITYA , MOHITE ABHISHEK , SAWANT ANIKET , BAKARE SAMARTH
Published: March 2023

Rhizobium is a soil habitat, gram negative bacterium associated symbiotically with the roots of leguminous plants. Rhizobium helps in the process of nitrogen fixation. Screening and selecting the most effective strain play a key role in the process of biological nitrogen fixation. The present work was undertaken to bring into light different characteristics, growth, isolation, and secretion ofrhizobial strains (bradyrhizobium). These are found in the root region of the leguminous plants where it forms nodules and fix nitrogen. The study revealed that the species used was non-spore forming, rod-shaped, motile, aerobic, gram- negative soil bacterium. These rod-shaped bacteria are 0.8um in diameter and 2um in length, and often have flagellae. These species are non-pathogenic to humans. The rhizobium bacteria were grown on three different types of medias namely – nutrient broth, CRYEMA( Congo Red Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar), and modified media containing jaggery. The common ingredients of the culture media includedPeptone, Meat Extract, Mineral Salts, Carbohydrates and Water. Growth analysis, substrate estimation and biomass estimation was done and yield coefficient was calculated. Rhizobium was then applied as a biofertilizer for good improvement in plant growth and yield. Key Words: Biofertilizers, Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Bradyrhizobium, Inoculants, Leguminous plants, Optimized Media.
Weapons from the Lower Layer of the Zamil-Koba 1 Rock Shelter in the Crimea
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhilin Mikhail , Simonenko Anton ,   State Historical Museum, Moscow, Ruev Vladimir ,   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes weapons from the lower cultural layer of the Zamil-Koba 1 rock shelter in the South-Western Crimea excavated by D. A. Krainov in 1935—1937. The collection is stored at the State Historical Museum in Moscow. Lithic artefacts from the lower layer are typical for the Final Palaeolithic — Early Mesolithic Shan-Koba culture of the Mountainous Crimea. The faunal assemblage is dominated by red deer and wild boar remains. Weapons and their parts were identified on the basis of use-wear and experimental studies carried out by the authors. There are oblique and transverse arrowheads. The former are represented by segments and a single lanceolate point, while the transverse arrowheads include trapezes and segments. Single inserts of composite arrowheads are also present. The authors come to the conclusion that bow and arrows was the main hunting weapon used by the people who left the assemblage associated with the lower cultural layer of Zamil-Koba 1.
Defek Septum Ventrikel: Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana
Authors: Theola Jason , Yakub Nurul Mutmainna , Yudianto Valentino Ryu , Sinaga Bunga Cecilia
Published: March 2023

Defek septum ventrikel (VSD) adalah kelainan jantung kongenital yang ditandai dengan adanya hubungan abnormal antara ventrikel kiri dan kanan jantung, sehingga menimbulkan gangguan hemodinamik. VSD merupakan kelainan jantung bawaan yang paling sering ditemui pada anak-anak, serta merupakan kelainan kedua paling sering ditemui pada orang dewasa setelah katup aorta bikuspid. Sebagian besar VSD menutup spontan, namun VSD yang gagal menutup dapat menimbulkan komplikasi seperti hipertensi arteri pulmoner, disfungsi ventrikel, dan risiko aritmia. Diagnosis VSD komprehensif melalui anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang untuk menentukan tata laksana dan prognosisnya.

Ventricular septal defect is a congenital heart disorder characterized by an abnormal connection between the left and the right ventricle of the heart, causing hemodynamic disturbances. VSD is the most common congenital heart defect in children, and is the second most common abnormality in adults after the bicuspid aortic valve. Most VSDs close spontaneously, but failure to close can lead to complications such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, ventricular dysfunction, and the risk of arrhythmias. Diagnosis needs to be comprehensive through history, physical examination, and other supporting examinations for treatment planning and prognosis.
Covid-19 e o treinador de desporto: entre a adversidade e a capacitação psicológica
Authors:   Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior – Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Portugal, Gonzaga Luís , Sequeira Pedro ,   Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior – Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Portugal
Published: March 2023

Resumo Introdução: A situação pandémica da COVID-19 colocou à prova a saúde mental, em particular, de atletas jovens e de seus treinadores, envolvendo todos numa incerteza permanente e global, e forçando-os a enfrentar adversidades, gerir emoções e relações e a testar orientações sanitárias e novas soluções. Objetivos: Identificar as principais alterações na perceção do papel social e no funcionamento psicológico do treinador de desporto, produzidas pelo prolongado período pandémico. Métodos: Entrevistas semiestruturadas a quatro treinadores especialistas na formação de atletas jovens de diferentes modalidades desportivas, com idades compreendidas entre os 34 e os 63 anos (M=48,0). Resultados: Foram identificadas as ações prioritárias, os recursos pessoais e sociais mobilizados, aprendizagens efetuadas e dificuldades sentidas enquanto procuraram lidar com os variados constrangimentos surgidos. Conclusão: Da adversidade vivenciada, decisiva da capacitação efetuada, decorrem implicações sobre a necessidade de atualização dos programas de formação de treinadores bem como para a intervenção psicológica com essa população. Palavras-chave: covid-19, treinadores de desporto, literacia, saúde mental Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic tested the mental health of young athletes and their coaches, involving everyone in permanent and global uncertainty, forcing them to face adversity, manage emotions and relationships and check health guidelines and new solutions. Objectives: To identify the perceived main changes in sports coaches’ social role and psychological functioning produced by the prolonged pandemic. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with four coaches specialized in training young athletes from different sports, aged between 34 and 63 years (M=48.0). Results: Priority actions, personal and social resources mobilized, lessons learned, and difficulties experienced while dealing with the various emerging constraints were identified. Conclusion: Considering the adversity experienced, which is recognized as decisive for psychological empowerment, there are some implications: the need to update educational programmes for coaches and psychological intervention with this population. Keywords: covid-19, sports coaches, literacy, mental health
O sono na pandemia COVID-19 e influência na saúde mental na população infantil e pediátrica
Authors:   Escola Superior de Saúde de Santa Maria, Portugal, Costa Paulo , Cardoso Alice , Santos Ana , Fernandes Rita , Silva Sofia , Marques Goreti
Published: March 2023

Resumo Introdução: A pandemia COVID-19 e medidas associadas provocaram alterações na qualidade e quantidade do sono, com impactos na saúde mental. Objetivos: Compreender como a pandemia e o confinamento interferiu nas rotinas e/ou hábitos de sono em crianças e adolescentes e a influência na saúde mental. Metodologia: Revisão da literatura na MEDLINE, partindo da questão: Quais são as alterações nas rotinas ou hábitos de sono em crianças e adolescentes durante a pandemia? Resultados e discussão: Dos 370 artigos, foram selecionados 35. Devido ao confinamento e o ensino à distância, a quantidade de horas de sono aumentou. Porém, com a diminuição da atividade física, desequilíbrio alimentar e aumento do tempo frente aos ecrãs a qualidade do sono diminuiu. Consequentemente, verificou-se uma influência negativa na saúde mental. Conclusão: Verificou-se o aumento dos distúrbios de sono e sua influência na saúde mental, com necessidade de desenvolvimento de estratégias de consciencialização e literacia na temática. Palavras-chave: covid-19, sono, criança, adolescente, saúde mental Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic and preventive measures led to changes in the quality and quantity of sleep, impacting mental health. Objectives: To understand how the pandemic and confinement interfered with the routines and/or sleeping habits of children and adolescents and influenced mental health. Methodology: A literature review on MEDLINE was conducted, with the research question: What are the changes in the routines or sleep habits of children and adolescents during the pandemic? Results and discussion: From the 370 articles analysed, 35 were selected. Due to confinement and online learning, the number of hours of sleep increased. However, the quality of sleep decreased due to decreased physical activity, an unbalanced diet, and increased time in front of screens. Consequently, there was a negative influence on mental health. Conclusion: The increase in sleep disorders and their influence on mental health was observed, with the need to develop awareness and literacy strategies addressing this area. Keywords: covid-19, sleep, child, adolescent, mental health
Lokale en niet-lokale raadsleden: verschillen en overeenkomsten in stijl en focus van representatie
Authors: Denters Bas
Published: March 2023

Local and non-local councillors: differences and similarities in style and focus of representation

The municipal governance model in the Netherlands (as in 2000) is still based on the primacy of a representative body directly elected by the residents. In 2019, among their other duties, councillors attach the utmost importance to the representation of residents. This article focuses on whether ‘local’ councillors and ‘non-local’ councillors differ in their ideas about this important representative role of the city council. When discussing their views on the style and focus of the representation, the satisfaction of council members with the functioning of the municipal council is first discussed. Subsequently, it is also examined how much importance local and non-local councillors attach to a certain style or focus. This provides insight into the role perceptions of council members: which style and focus are important for the proper fulfilment of their representative role? In general it must be concluded that on average the differences between local and non-local councillors discussed here are relatively modest. Nevertheless, in some respects there are some differences in emphasis between the two groups of councillors. For example, it has been established that the representatives of local parties attach slightly more importance to their representative task than other council members.
Een multidimensionale benadering van het familie- en gezinsrecht
Authors: van Helden Arko
Published: March 2023

A multidimensional model of the marital family – An introduction to the body of work from John Witte Jr

This essay introduces John Witte jr. to a Dutch audience, where his lifework until now met little attention. His main aim is to retrieve traditional teachings about family life, marriage and sex and show the relevance of those arguments for today. His more than three decades of study of the Western tradition results in a multidimensional model of the marital family. This model and these arguments can be useful to moderate the often (also in the Netherlands) polarized political debate on family life and related issues and might prevent the debaters to reduce such issues to a single, one-dimensional, perspective.
Op zoek naar de waarheid: wanneer weten we genoeg?
Authors: Dijkstra Auke
Published: March 2023

In search of the truth: when do we know enough? An examination and theological evaluation of the standard of proof in Protestant church disciplinary law in comparative perspective

This article is about the standard of proof in Protestant church law. The standard of proof indicates the degree of certainty required to consider a fact proven. In the literature on disciplinary law of several professions, the standard of proof has been the subject of debate. In an earlier article, I argued that further reflection on the standard of proof is also needed in church law. The central question of this article is: What standard of proof do churches use in Protestant church disciplinary law and how does it compare to the standards of proof used in other groups in light of the theological background of church law?
Analysis of Threat Risk and Vulnerability in Network Security Along with Countermeasures to Overcome the Damages in an Enterprise Network
Authors: Khan Maroof , Sajjad Gulab Jan
Published: March 2023

The research is conducted based on analysis of threat, risk and vulnerability in an enterprise network along with countermeasures to overcome the security incidents in an enterprise network. It is clear that most of the businesses are running using internet to store and share data between employees and customers, because data are precious and an asset for an organization. So, there is a high chance of losing data due to threat, risk and vulnerability in an enterprise network. However, there is a need of awareness and understanding between threat, risk and vulnerability including countermeasures to protect data in rest and data in motion in a network. As well as information security aim to protect organizational data from unauthorized access, manipulation and destruction.
Uso de realidad virtual en Geometría para el desarrollo de habilidades espaciales
Authors: Moral-Sánchez Silvia Natividad , Sánchez-Compaña María Teresa , Romero-Albaladejo Isabel
Published: March 2023

En el siglo xxi, surge la necesidad de un cambio en el paradigma educativo, siendo las TIC un medio vehicular que puede hacer posible esta consecución. En este artículo se exponen un conjunto de actividades sobre poliedros en 3.º de la ESO (estudiantes entre 14 y 16 años) para fomentar la adquisición y mejora de habilidades espaciales. Partiendo de los errores geométricos detectados en una evaluación inicial, se diseñan actividades sustentadas en las ventajas que ofrecen los entornos inmersivos de realidad virtual para el desarrollo de dichas habilidades, además de actividades realizadas con materiales manipulativos. Se analizan las resoluciones de los estudiantes mostrando y comparando las estrategias utilizadas en ambos casos. El análisis de dichos resultados muestra evidencias en el desarrollo de habilidades espaciales y mejora en cuanto a la subsanación de errores cometidos.
Desarrollo del pensamiento algebraico a través de la justificación en educación primaria
Authors: Pinto Marín Eder , Ayala-Altamirano Cristina , Molina Marta , Cañadas María C.
Published: March 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir una propuesta de enseñanza que promueva el pensamiento algebraico a través de la expresión y justificación de ideas matemáticas al resolver tareas relacionadas con tres enfoques distintos del pensamiento algebraico. Diseñamos un experimento de enseñanza implementado durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 en Chile. Analizamos las discusiones orales y las producciones escritas de niños de cuarto de primaria (9-10 años). Los resultados muestran que los niños expresaron y justificaron ideas algebraicas cada vez más sofisticadas. Es decir, adoptaron paulatinamente un lenguaje matemático más preciso y abstracto. Concluimos que esta modalidad de trabajo, en la cual se destaca el carácter algebraico de la aritmética a través de diversas instancias de discusión, es un aporte para los docentes, al guiarlos en abordar los desafíos de enseñanza actuales.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN KERJA KELOMPOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PEMBUATAN BUSANA CUSTOM MADE DI SMK NEGERI 2 SELONG LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Kamardikaningsih Siti Latifah
Published: March 2023

The aim of this research was; to determine the effectiveness of using group work to improve learning outcomes for making Custom Made Clothing at SMK Negeri 2 Selong. After conducting research and analysis, this research shows the results that; with group work: a) Can encourage the growth and development of students' critical and analytical thinking potential optimally, b) Train students to be active, creative, and critical in dealing with every problem, c) Encouraging the growth of an attitude of tolerance, willing to listen and respecting the opinions of others, d) Encouraging the growth of democracy among students, e) Training students to increase the exchange of opinions objectively, rationally and systematically in arguing in order to find something true in cooperation between group members , and f) Encouraging the growth of the courage to express students' opinions openly, seventh trains to always be able to be independent in dealing with every problem, eighth trains student leadership, ninth broadens students' horizons through exchanging information, opinions and experiences between them, tenth was a forum for effective for teaching and learning activities. Thus, it can be concluded that " Group Work was Effective to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Making Custom Fashion Clothing at SMK Negeri 2 Selong, East Lombok Regency.
COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED BY TOURIST GUIDES AT BENANG STOKEL CENTRAL LOMBOK
Authors: Jumadil Jumadil , Siswana Siswana
Published: March 2023

This study deals with the communication strategies used by tourist guides at Benang stokel, Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province. It was aimed to investigate types of communication strategies. This study was conducted by applying a qualitative research design. The sources of the data were selected from two tourist guides in Benang stokel. The instrument applied in this study were observation sheet, filed notes, and interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis technique, by describing types of communication strategies and the process communication strategies used by tourist guides at Benang stokel, Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Based on the analysis of data, it was found that the process of communication strategies used by tourist guide occur during the communication with foreign tourist is dominantly achievement or compensatory strategies, self-monitoring strategies, and interactional strategies. In the conversation, they did not always go as smoothly as we think. In fact, communication strategies had been applied by tourist guides even though they did not know about the theory behind it.
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK GULA MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIX SIGMA PADA PT MADU BARU
Authors: Suseno Suseno , Hermansyah Revi Aditya
Published: March 2023

Kualitas produk industri di Indonesia saat ini sedang berjuang dalam hal pengendalian kualitas produknya. Dalam kegiatan produksi yang berlangsung pasti terdapat cacat dalam produk. Untuk mengurangi masalah tersebut dalam kegiatan produksi ada beberapa hal yang perlu di perhatikan. Six Sigma (DMAIC). Six Sigma merupakan program peningkatan kualitas yang memberikan toleransi terhadap produk cacat serta mampu mengurangi kecacatan produk. Pengumpulan data ini dilakukan dengan observasi kelapangan dan wawancara dengan para pekerja dan ketua Pengumpulan data ini dilakukan dengan observasi kelapangan dan wawancara dengan para pekerja dan ketua KSU Tabek. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan jumlah produksi yang dihasilkan selama bulan Agustus - September adalah sebesar 58.088 , dan ditemukan produk cacat sebesar 3115. Pada bagian produksi Gula PT Madu Baru PG Madukismo memiliki tingkat sigma 3.12 dengan kemungkinan kerusakan sebasar 53607 untuk  sejuta produksi (DPMO).
The Intrinsic Story Structure of Original Research Manuscripts
Authors: Herron Crystal
Published: March 2023

Most research manuscripts are now written in a standard structure known as IMRaD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion). In this structure, the Introduction describes the background of the study, the Methods describe how the study was carried out, the Results report what the study found, and the Discussion explains what the study findings mean.
This standard IMRaD structure makes the process of developing and publishing manuscripts more consistent and easier to manage. This structure helps authors organize their ideas and ensure they include all the important elements of the study. The IMRaD structure also helps editors and reviewers evaluate manuscripts more easily. And the structure helps readers to quickly locate specific information without going through the entire paper.
The IMRaD structure has another valuable feature. This structure helps authors to tell a story with the most common story structure: the three-act structure.
Looking Forward
Authors: Eller Elise
Published: March 2023

As I write this, it’s January. I’ve had a chance to look back at our conference in Denver. I am so pleased that we were able to have our annual conference in person. A new year has started, and we have a lot to look forward to.
DIY Graphics for Medical Writers
Authors: Day-Storms Jerm
Published: March 2023

Conference Education Session Report

Speaker

Laurie LaRusso, MS, ELS, Chestnut Medical Communications, Walpole, MA
Electrochemical determination of vitamin B6 in pharmaceutical and energy drink samples
Authors: Tesfaye Gizaw , Tessema Merid , Negash Negussie
Published: March 2023

A simple and low-cost electrochemical sensor based on poly(phenylalanine) and function­nalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for the determination of vitamin B6 (VB6). The surface morphology of modified glassy carbon electrodes was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrocatalytic activities of the bare and modified electrodes were investigated in the presence of ferri-ferrocyanide redox couple using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The exchange current density (jo = 2462 µA cm-2) and electron transfer rate constant (ko = 0.002 cm s−1) were calculated using 5 mM K3[Fe(CN)6]. The electro­chemical activity of poly(phenylalanine)/F-MWCNT/GCE towards VB6 oxidation was investigated using CV. Parameters including the number of electrons transferred (n = 2), number of protons transferred (H+ = 2), electron transfer coefficient (α = 0.51) and surface concentration of VB6 (G = 0.24 nmol cm−2) were calculated. At the optimal experimental conditions, the oxidation peak current of VB6 measured by square wave voltammetry (SWV) was found proportional to its concentration in two linear ranges of 0.5 to 20 µM and 20 to 200 µM with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.038 µM and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.125 µM. Finally, the sensor was successfully used to determine VB6 in soft drink and pharmaceutical formulation samples.
Risk assessment in railway rolling stock planning
Authors: Gołębiowski Piotr , Góra Ignacy , Bolzhelarskyi Yaroslav
Published: March 2023

Rolling stock planning is one of the steps in the traffic planning process considered from the railway undertaking's point of view. It is directly related to the efficiency of rolling stock utilisation, which should be ensured at the highest possible level in the case of rail transport. The planning work stage is subject to certain risks (threats and opportunities), which, if they materialise, will impact it. It, therefore, makes sense to carry out analyses that can anticipate specific events in good time and introduce appropriate countermeasures in advance. This article aims to conduct a risk assessment process concerning rolling stock planning. It was assumed that the considerations were carried out based on the M_o_R (Management of Risk) methodology. Based on this methodology, risk identifica-tion and risk analysis (estimation of risk impact) were carried out. Risk assessment was carried out using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The work identified sixteen risks that represent threats. The principle of risk description was used to identify risks. It requires indicating for each risk the reason for its occurrence and the effect it may have. As a part of risk estimation, variables were selected to assess each risk's impact on the objectives of the stage. Publicly available statistical data were used to define the variables. The variables were expressed in monetary units. The work identified five variables describing impact, which were assigned to the individual risks. As a trian-gular probability distribution was used for the variability of impact description, the variable's minimum, most likely, and maximum value was identified. A risk assessment was carried out for only two impact description varia-bles (for those variables used to describe the impact of the most significant number of risks). For each variable, statistical parameters were indicated and analysed. The resulting value of the variable describing the impact was then read out for each percentile, and the expected value of the risk was calculated. A detailed risk assessment was made for the lower, middle and upper quartiles. A histogram of the incidence of each variable value was presented, and an assessment was made.
Gender stereotypes in early childhood a case study from Croatia
Authors: Biškup Helena
Published: March 2023

The early years are the most important years of a child's life for learning and development. Furthermore, this is also the crucial period when children learn the gendered norms and expectations of their community and society. This research aims to determine how children in Croatian kindergartens experience gender differences and stereotypes. The research was based on the qualitative research paradigm. It conducted a case study of 20 preschool children (56 years old) in one Croatian kindergarten. With the help of a semi-structured interview, the childrens views of gender differences were analysed. Participants also confirmed their own opinions through artistic expressions which are non-verbal self-evaluations. Findings suggest that children can express their gender very clearly. It can also be noticed that children will often choose games that are stereotypically characteristic of a certain gender. Children observe their parents and adopt their gender-specific behaviours. Preschool teachers, in partnership with parents, should work to reduce gender differences to maximize children's well-being and build a brighter future for the whole generation.
Sprawozdanie z II Midzynarodowej konferencji naukowej Zmiany rodowiska uczenia si we wczesnej edukacji podczas (i po) pandemii badania, dialog, rozwojowe zasoby i codzienne praktyki
Authors: Zbróg Zuzanna
Published: March 2023

Sprawozdanie z II Midzynarodowej konferencji naukowej Zmiany rodowiska uczenia si we wczesnej edukacji podczas (i po) pandemii
PERCEPCIÓN DE LOS CONTADORES PÚBLICOS SOBRE LA AUDITORÍA FORENSE Y LA PREVENCIÓN DE LAVADO DE ACTIVOS EN LA CIUDAD DE ASUNCIÓN-PARAGUAY, AÑO 2020
Authors: Kwan Chung Chap Kau , Alegre Brítez Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2023

En este estudio se analizó el rol del auditor forense en la prevención del lavado de activos según las percepciones de contadores públicos de la ciudad de Asunción, capital del Paraguay en el año 2020. El objetivo general fue: Analizar el rol del auditor forense en la prevención del lavado de activos según las percepciones de contadores públicos de la ciudad de Asunción-Paraguay en el año 2020. En cuanto a la metodología se tomó una muestra no probabilística e intencional de 475 contadores públicos de la ciudad de Asunción-Paraguay para conocer su percepción sobre el objeto de estudio, a los mismos se les aplicó un instrumento de recolección de datos (cuestionario de encuesta) conformado por 10 preguntas cerradas, dicho instrumento fue confeccionado mediante Formulario de Google. El procesamiento de los datos se hizo con Microsoft Excel 365. Como resultados principales se tienen: a) El 77.8% de los encuestados no tienen conocimiento sobre el rol del auditor forense y b) El 46.6% creen que en la Auditoría Forense se requiere de profesionales con conocimientos especializados.  La conclusión principal es que los auditores forenses tienen un rol importante en la prevención del lavado de activos.
PERSPECTIVES OF ORAL DENTAL CARE
Authors:   Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, PALTINEAN Gertrud-Alexandra , FLOREA Diana Alexandra ,   Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, TOMOAIA Gheorghe ,   Academy of Romanian Scientists,  Bucharest, Romania; Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, RIGA Sorin ,   Academy of Romanian Scientists,  Bucharest, Romania; Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, ROSOIU Stela ,   Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, MOCANU Aurora ,   Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, TOMOAIA-COTISEL Maria ,   Academy of Romanian Scientists,  Bucharest, Romania; Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: March 2023

This research focuses on debating the negative impact on dental enamel produced by unhealthy diet, some alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, smoking, drug use, inadequate hygiene conditions due to poor lifestyle and physical-chemical activities. These factors denature the quality of dental enamel, and the demineralization process begins resulting in caries and periodontal diseases. Caries are the most common diseases of the oral cavity that, if not treated in time, lead to dysfunctional mastication, impaired smile, gingival inflammation, abscess, and unbearable pain. The research also addresses the remineralization of dental enamel using materials and composites based on hydroxyapatite that are capable of producing beneficial effects for strong and healthy teeth. Evaluating caries prevention methods is absolutely essential, but the most important of all is educating children from an early age that healthy teeth require proper personal hygiene.
Socio-psychological analysis of information materials in order to detect signs of terrorist and extremist crimes
Authors:   Academy  of  the  NSC  of  the  RK, Sagindykova Zh.K.
Published: March 2023

The article examines the methodological foundations of the socio-psychological analysis of information materials in order to detect signs of crimes of a terrorist or religious extremist orientation. The substantiation of the need for psychological expertise is given, the main directions of the analysis of information materials are shown to identify influences on people's consciousness.
A life full of struggle
Authors:   Literature and Art Institute named afterM.О.Auezov, Orda G.Zh.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration and reconstruction of the complete struggle for education and the sciences of life of the partisan writer, prominent prose writer, well-known statesman and public figure, active organizer of education and enlightenment of Kazakhstan, Honored Worker of the Republic, Doctor of Philology, literary scholar-scientist Adi Sharipov. Highlighting the milestones in the life of the front-line writer, the main attention is paid to his personal contribution to the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War. From the point of view of modern humanities, the scientific, educational and creative path of A. Sharipov is analyzed in the context of the development of culture and literature of the Soviet era, in which he lived. The Soviet ideology, its priorities and values are evaluated from the point of view of today.
Implicaciones económicas en la implementación del teletrabajo: un acercamiento desde los colaboradores del sector privado en Panamá
Authors: Aguilar Aguilar Graciela , Haughton Arrocha Danitza , Palacio Hernández Juan Carlos
Published: March 2023

Durante el primer semestre del año 2020, la modalidad de trabajar desde casa resultó ser altamente demandada debido a la crisis sanitaria causada por la COVID-19, situación que trajo consigo implicaciones económicas generadas a raíz de la implementación del teletrabajo, tanto para los colaboradores como para las empresas, lo que sugiere; una modificación en la estructura de costos para ambos actores. Este estudio se basa específicamente en la participación de colaboradores y de gerentes en las entidades del sector privado de la Ciudad de Panamá, abordado desde una postura fenomenológica interpretativa, con un enfoque cualitativo en acompañamiento de la técnica de etnografía digital, debido a que, esta investigación se realiza en un contexto con restricciones de movilidad. Así mismo, se suscribe al método hermenéutico y a la tipología analítica, a fin de inferir sobre las situaciones económicas que emergen durante la implementación del teletrabajo. Para la recolección y análisis de los datos se emplea un diseño virtual, tomando en cuenta que los informantes se encontraban fuera de su entorno habitual, en lo sucesivo, se aplica un diseño transaccional contemporáneo y unieventual. Como resultado de esta investigación se concluye que el teletrabajo se ha convertido en una alternativa positiva, toda vez que representa un tipo de ahorro tanto para las empresas como para los colaboradores. No obstante, algunas inversiones como las adecuaciones de los espacios para el trabajo y la adquisición de herramientas tecnológicas han recaído en el colaborador, pasando a ser un gasto dentro de su presupuesto personal.
Una experiencia de práctica pedagógica hacia la innovación en la formación de maestros
Authors: Abril Goyeneche Mary Eugenia
Published: March 2023

Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre las prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras en la formación de maestros, como resultado de un proceso de investigación doctoral, con el propósito de Proponer un esquema de prácticas innovadoras, para la transformación de la experiencia pedagógica y la investigación de los docentes participantes del curso de Evaluación con Carácter Diagnóstica Formativa - ECDF del MEN, organizado por la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia – UPTC, en los años 2017 y 2019. Se ha seleccionado un corpus documental entre libros, artículos científicos, investigaciones, leyes, ponencias, videos, tesis, páginas web e informes de investigación nacionales e internacionales, que dan cuenta del rigor científico que este proyecto amerita, desde varias líneas de análisis y de profundización teórica, conceptual y experiencial basada en las variables a desarrollar, relacionadas con la formación de los maestros: perfil profesional. Elementos que se desarrollan en la práctica pedagógica. Condiciones laborales de los maestros en Colombia y elementos que hacen innovadora una práctica. Los aspectos centrales que se analizan y se entregan tienen que ver con la investigación de tipo proyectiva, generada mediante el análisis de los proyectos de investigación de aula, desarrollados dentro de las prácticas pedagógicas y la experiencia en el aula, en el sentido de concluir que los maestros tienen la potencialidad, la fuerza y la formación para desarrollar proyectos de investigación en el aula, así como de proponer alternativas y estrategias innovadoras en su quehacer, para demostrar que la práctica pedagógica se puede constituir en innovadora.
Marco filosófico de la gestión universitaria: una mirada desde los fundamentos de la estrategia gerencial
Authors: Piñero Landaeta Anne Eliese , Deras Alberto
Published: March 2023

Desde la perspectiva de los planteamientos de Serna (2014), “si no está claro para dónde vamos, terminaremos llegando a donde no queremos ir”, y esa en esencia constituye el fundamento del reconocimiento del marco filosófico de la estrategia gerencial, constituido por la visión, misión y objetivos. De allí la importancia de presentar esta reflexión, en la cual se realiza una mirada más profunda al proceso de gestión dentro de las instituciones universitarias, desde la perspectiva del marco filosófico que sustenta este importante proceso. En este trabajo de carácter documental, sustentado en la revisión de contenido de investigaciones y bibliografía especializada, permite visualizar los aspectos teóricos, teóricos y conceptuales a considerar para comprender el marco filosófico de la gestión universitaria.
Critical Review of Research on 'Pedagogical Content Knowledge': The Limits and Implications for Further Research
Authors: Yang Mikyeong
Published: March 2023

Over the last three decades, ‘Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK)' has been considered as providing the theoretical foundations of the new reform for teacher professionalism. However, in spite of the vast number of studies on PCK, there seems no significant progress. This critical review on research of PCK explores the main problems and recommendation for further research as following: Firstly, the multiplicity and vagueness of the social demand for school should be reflected before making any effort to improve teacher's PCK. Secondly, the value of subject matters should be reconceptualized as a means to provide the educational experience and enthusiasm rather than as an ends which needs to be internalized. Finally, the dichotomous division between the scholar's content knowledge and teacher's pedagogical content knowledge is criticized. Because that distinction is derived from objectivism which is now in severe criticisms.
Liderazgo divergente en instituciones educativas: una aproximación teórica
Authors: Soto Vergara Esaud Francisco
Published: March 2023

El liderazgo en el ámbito educativo trasciende la dirección y la toma de decisiones. Esta investigación bibliográfica tuvo como propósito identificar la situación del liderazgo en la educación y de qué manera el concepto de liderazgo varía junto a los constantes cambios en las necesidades de la gestión educativa. Se identificó el interés en el liderazgo dentro del ámbito educativo, reflejado en estudios teóricos y prácticos, y cómo los resultados hacen evidente que es necesario modificar la concepción tradicional de liderazgo, surgen así nuevos conceptos como liderazgo transformacional, creativo o divergente, entre otros. Los resultados evidencian que el liderazgo divergente resulta positivo y necesario para afrontar la realidad actual de la educación, y no sólo en los directivos sino también en los docentes y transmitido a los estudiantes haciéndolos ser parte activa de su proceso educativo.
STATE-LEGAL RELATIONS IN SOCIETY: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: Галикеева И.Г.
Published: March 2023

Государственно-правовые отношения в обществе начинают формироваться с момента появления самых первых институтов государства, развиваются и совершенствуются в течение всей их истории. При этом основную роль в процессе регулирования общественных отношений играют правовые нормы.

State-legal relations in society begin to form from the moment of the appearance of the very first institutions of the state, develop and improve throughout their history. At the same time, the main role in the process of regulating public relations is played by legal norms.
SOURCES OF MEDICAL LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Назарова И.В.
Published: March 2023

Понятие «источник права» в теории государства и права, как правило, всегда используется параллельно с понятием «форма права». Это обусловлено тем, что каждый источник права имеет свою форму и отличается от других источников своей содержательно-смысловой спецификой. Медицинское право и его источники не являются исключением из данной проблемы. В связи с чем, различные авторы по-разному подходят к данному определению. В статье исследуется основные источники медицинского права, делается вывод о необходимости принятия кодифицированного нормативно-правового акта, а также уточняются задачи, которые ставятся перед Медицинским кодексом Российской Федерации.

The concept of "source of law" in the theory of state and law, as a rule, is always used in parallel with the concept of "form of law". This is due to the fact that each source of law has its own form and differs from other sources by its content and semantic specificity. Medical law and its sources are no exception to this problem. In this connection, different authors have different approaches to this definition. The article examines the main sources of medical law, concludes that it is necessary to adopt a codified regulatory legal act, and also clarifies the tasks that are set before the Medical Code of the Russian Federation.