bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Module-P: Parenting the Emotional Adolescent
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Buzzella Brian A. , Bennett Shannon M. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 9 introduces parents to the idea that the parenting behaviors they use in response to their adolescent’s strong emotions may actually maintain or amplify them. Many of the difficulties demonstrated by parents of emotional adolescents result from a normal, appropriate desire to lessen their adolescent’s distress. The problem is that such strategies typically operate to unintentionally limit the adolescent’s interaction with upsetting situations or stimuli, thereby accidentally reinforcing the adolescent’s emotional disorder symptoms over time. Parents are encouraged to identify their own emotional responses to their adolescent’s strong emotions, as well as the parenting behaviors they use to manage both their own and their adolescent’s distress. Parents are introduced to four parenting behaviors or “pitfalls” common to families of children and adolescents with emotional disorders, as well as “opposite parenting behaviors” that may be more effective in helping their adolescent to manage strong emotions.
UP-C Session 4: Our Body Clues
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Buzzella Brian A. , Bennett Shannon M. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 14 of the Therapist Guide teaches children and their parents about the physiological sensations (body clues) that arise during strong emotions. Participants engage in activities to hone their skills at detecting body clues (body scanning, body drawings, and sensational exposures). These activities are designed to build awareness and tolerance of physiological sensations and to discourage avoidance and other unhelpful emotional behaviors in response to uncomfortable sensations that may arise when experiencing strong emotions. The parent session introduces awareness of the somatic component of emotional experiences. Parents learn to perform a body scan—a present-moment awareness exercise—to help their children identify somatic components of emotions. Parents learn to identify times when their children may be expressing emotions as somatic complaints and learn the steps for expressing empathy when their children are struggling with strong emotions.
UP-C Session 6: Use Detective Thinking
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Buzzella Brian A. , Bennett Shannon M. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 16 presents the skill of cognitive reappraisal, also referred to here as Detective Thinking. The Detective Thinking steps are coming up with an idea or a “best guess” of what might happen in a situation that elicits strong emotions, gathering facts and clues to find out whether this best guess is likely to be true, going over the clues, and coming to a final decision about what might realistically happen and how likely the initial best guess is to be true. Children learn how to apply Detective Thinking strategies to personally relevant emotional situations, treating their emotional thought as a guess and gathering evidence to see what else might be true. The parent session teaches the skill of cognitive reappraisal so that parents can support their child’s use of the skill at home. Parents learn about the emotional parenting behavior of overcontrol/overprotection and its opposite parenting behavior, healthy independence-granting.
UP-C Session 10: Facing Our Emotions—Part 1
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Buzzella Brian A. , Bennett Shannon M. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 20 reviews the topic of situational emotion exposures (presented to children as experiments for facing emotions and getting used to them) and allows the children to complete their first situational emotion exposure in the group context. The best group exposures are ones that are relevant in some way to all participants, but are not too emotionally intense for any one child. The session concludes with initial planning for a first at-home exposure. The parent session prepares parents for facilitating and supporting exposures. The concept of safety behaviors is introduced, and parents are encouraged to identify any safety behaviors their children may be using and to make a plan for eliminating these.
Severe Rhabdomyolysis Associated With RSV
Authors: Bender James , Chew Rusheng , Lin Belinda Bin , Athan Eugene
Published: December 2017

Severe rhabdomyolysis is associated with morbidity and mortality. We report on a previously well male who developed severe rhabdomyolysis, sepsis, and multi-organ failure. The patient made a complete recovery. Extensive microbiological testing was only positive for RSV, making this the first reported case of adult RSV-related rhabdomyolysis in the literature.
Latin American Anglicanism in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Kater John L.
Published: December 2017

This chapter examines the early establishment of Anglican Christianity in Central and South America in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, through Church of England chaplaincies, the South American Missionary Society, and early American missionary activity. It traces the work of Evangelical missionaries among native peoples and the complex emergence in the twentieth century of autonomous churches in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, the Central Region of America, Mexico, Brazil, and the Southern Cone of South America. It examines the emergence of a nascent Latin American identity among Anglicans as well as the effects of racism, widespread military dictatorships, liberation theology, and globalization on the inculturation of Anglicanism in Latin American contexts.
CHOROIDAL THICKENING AND PACHYCHOROID IN CUSHING SYNDROME
Authors: Wang Erqian , Chen Shi , Yang Hongbo , Yang Jingyuan , Li Yanlong , Chen Youxin
Published: December 2017

Purpose:

To investigate subfoveal choroidal thickness and pachychoroid and their correlation with hormone level in patients with endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS).

Methods:

We enrolled a consecutive series of patients with CS and healthy controls. All participants had swept-source optical coherence tomography. All patients with CS had hormone test including morning plasma-free cortisol, 24-hour urine-free cortisol (24UFC), and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone. We compared subfoveal choroidal thickness and pachychoroid changes between two groups. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis to study correlation between hormone level and choroid thickness as well as pachychoroid in patients with CS.

Results:

Compared with control group, Cushing group had significantly greater subfoveal choroidal thickness (371.6 ± 114.9 and 320.0 ± 74.0, P = 0.002) and higher proportion of eyes with pachychoroid (53.1 and 14.3%, P < 0.001). Subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly correlated with 24UFC (P = 0.007) but not with plasma-free cortisol (P = 0.48) or adrenocorticotropic hormone (P = 0.56). Pachychoroid was significantly correlated with 24UFC (P = 0.03) but not with plasma-free cortisol (P = 0.24) or adrenocorticotropic hormone (P = 0.32).

Conclusion:

There was a positive correlation between elevated 24UFC and choroid thickening as well as pachychoroid, indicating the importance of normal endogenous cortisol level in maintaining the human choroid vasculature.
Prospective Evaluation of Standalone XEN Gel Implant and Combined Phacoemulsification-XEN Gel Implant Surgery: 1-Year Results
Authors: Mansouri Kaweh , Guidotti Jacopo , Rao Harsha L. , Ouabas Adel , D’Alessandro Elisa , Roy Sylvain , Mermoud André
Published: December 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of XEN gel implant (Allergan Inc., Irvine) as a standalone versus combined XEN-Phacoemulsification surgery (XEN+cataract) in glaucoma patients.

Methods:

Prospective, interventional study. One-hundred forty-nine eyes (113 patients) with open-angle glaucoma and uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) despite medical treatment were enrolled at a tertiary glaucoma center and followed up for a minimum of 1 year. Approximately two-thirds of patients underwent combined XEN+cataract surgery, while the remainder had XEN alone surgery. Primary outcome was a 20% or more decrease in IOP from medicated baseline at 1 year. Mean IOP, mean number of medications at last follow-up, and incidence of adverse effects were analyzed.

Results:

Of 149 enrolled eyes, data of 87 (58%) were available at 1 year. A total of 109 (73.2%) eyes underwent XEN+cataract surgery and 40 (26.8%) XEN alone surgery. Mean medicated IOP was 20.0±7.1 at baseline and 13.9±4.3 mm Hg at 1 year (P<0.01), a 31% IOP reduction. Mean medications dropped from 1.9±1.3 preoperatively to 0.5±0.8 at 1 year (P<0.001). In total, 62.1% of patients achieved a ≥20% IOP reduction; this proportion was higher in the XEN alone group. 57.7% of eyes achieved complete success (without any antiglaucoma medications) and 71.1% qualified success (with or without medications) when IOP<16 mm Hg was considered as the definition of success. In all, 37% of patients required needling intervention. Adverse effects included bleb revision in 5 eyes, choroidal detachment in 2 eyes, and second glaucoma surgery in 9 eyes.

Conclusions:

The XEN gel implant as a standalone procedure or combined with cataract surgery demonstrated safe and sustained IOP reduction after 1 year.
Reflections on 50 Years of Neuroscience Nursing: Movement Disorders, Neuromuscular Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Woods Jennifer M.
Published: December 2017

The American Association of Nursing was established in 1968 to support and advance the art and science of neuroscience nursing. During the course of 50 years, the Journal of Neuroscience Nursing has published numerous articles detailing the advances in the treatments of neurologic disease. The following highlights the strides achieved in the management of Parkinson disease, neuromuscular disease, and multiple sclerosis (MS).
Association of Magnet Status and Nurse Staffing With Improvements in Patient Experience With Hospital Care, 2008–2015
Authors: Zhu Junya , Dy Sydney M. , Wenzel Jennifer , Wu Albert W.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Little is known about the longitudinal association of hospital Magnet status (an indicator of nursing excellence) and nurse-staffing level with inpatient care experience.

Objectives:

To examine temporal trends in hospital performance on patient experience measured using the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey and the association of these trends with Magnet status and nurse-staffing level.

Research Design:

Longitudinal study of hospital-level data from the HCAHPS survey, the American Hospital Association Annual Survey, and the American Nurses Credentialing Center. Growth curve models were used for the analysis of longitudinal associations.

Subjects:

A total of 26,752 hospital-year observations from 3614 US hospitals that collected at least 3 years of HCAHPS data from patients discharged between 2008 and 2015.

Measures:

Dependent variables were 7 HCAHPS measures. Independent variables included linear and quadratic time terms, hospital Magnet status, and nurse-staffing level.

Results:

There were significant improvements (P<0.001) in all 7 HCAHPS measures, but the trends were nonlinear; the improvement rates have decreased over time. Magnet hospitals and hospitals with more favorable nurse staffing consistently performed better on HCAHPS but did not improve faster than other hospitals during the study period. In subgroup analyses, HCAHPS scores did not improve for hospitals after they received Magnet recognition during the period from 2009 to 2015.

Conclusions:

The hospital organizational attributes that lead to Magnet recognition or better nurse staffing may be associated with higher performance on HCAHPS. Magnet status and favorable nurse staffing may be markers of hospital commitment to better patient-centered care.
The Association of Patient-centered Medical Home Designation With Quality of Care of HRSA-funded Health Centers
Authors: Hu Ruwei , Shi Leiyu , Sripipatana Alek , Liang Hailun , Sharma Ravi , Nair Suma , Chung Michelle , Lee De-Chih
Published: December 2017

Objectives:

(1) To evaluate the relationship between Patient-centered Medical Home (PCMH) recognition and quality of clinical care among health centers, and (2) to determine whether the duration of recognition is positively associated with cumulative quality improvement over time.

Methods:

Data came from the 2012 to 2015 Uniform Data System, health centers’ PCMH recognition status, and the Area Resource File. Health center was the unit of observation. The outcome variables included 11 measures of clinical quality. We pooled all years of data and modeled longitudinal data with generalized estimating equations to examine the degree of improvement in health care quality in health centers with and without PCMH recognition over the years 2012–2015.

Results:

Health centers with PCMH recognition generally performed better on clinical quality measures than health centers that did not have PCMH recognition for all years studied. After accounting for health center and county-level potential confounders, health centers with longer periods of PCMH recognition were more likely to have improved their clinical quality on 9 of 11 measures, than health centers with fewer years of PCMH recognition.

Conclusions:

Health centers’ length of time with PCMH recognition was positively associated with additive quality improvement. Adoption of the PCMH model of care may serve as a strategy to enhance quality of primary care services.
Skin Rejuvenation through HIF-1α Modulation
Authors: Pagani Andrea , Aitzetmüller Matthias M. , Brett Elizabeth A. , König Viktoria , Wenny Raphael , Thor Dominik , Radtke Christine , Huemer Georg M. , Machens Hans-Günther , Duscher Dominik
Published: December 2017

The constant intrinsic and extrinsic stress the skin is exposed to leads to significant impairments of the regenerative capacity of aging skin. Current skin rejuvenation approaches lack the ability to holistically support the biological processes that exhaust during aging skin degeneration, such as collagen production, cell migration and proliferation, and new vessel formation. Similar to chronic wounds, aged skin is characterized by dysfunction of key cellular regulatory pathways impairing regeneration. Recent evidence suggests that the same mechanisms hindering a physiologic healing response in chronic wounds are the basis of impaired tissue homeostasis in aged skin. Dysfunction of a main response-to-injury pathway, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α regulatory pathway, has been identified as pivotal both in chronic wounds and in aging skin degeneration. HIF-1α signaling is significantly involved in tissue homeostasis and neovascularization, resulting in the production of new collagen, elastin, and nourishing blood vessels. Modulating the functionality of this pathway has been demonstrated to significantly enhance tissue regeneration. In this review, we present an overview of the regenerative effects linked to the up-regulation of HIF-1α functionality, potentially resulting in skin rejuvenation on both the cellular level and the tissue level.
Xenomai-based multiple-process system, for real-time data acquisition and graphical display control
Authors: Caron Hadrien , Pouget Pierre
Published: December 2017

To elicit complex and rich graphical displays, and record neuronal phenomena ofinterest while all simultaneously being capable to interact in a closed-loop with external devises is a challenging task to all neurophysiologists. To facilitate this process, we have developed an Open-Source software system using a single computer running a well established Linux architecture (Ubuntu) associated to a kernel duo providing hard real-time support (Xenomai). We show that a single computer using our API is capable, for any tasks that require OpenGL displaying, to acheive millisecond accuracy programmed events. In this report, we describe the design of our system, benchmark and its performance in a real-world setting, and describe some key features.
NanoPack: visualizing and processing long read sequencing data
Authors: De Coster Wouter , D’Hert Svenn , Schultz Darrin T. , Cruts Marc , Van Broeckhoven Christine
Published: December 2017

Summary: Here we describe NanoPack, a set of tools developed for visualization and processing of long read sequencing data from Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Pacific Biosciences.

Availability and Implementation: The NanoPack tools are written in Python3 and released under the GNU GPL3.0 Licence. The source code can be found at https://github.com/wdecoster/nanopack, together with links to separate scripts and their documentation. The scripts are compatible with Linux, Mac OS and the MS Windows 10 subsystem for linux and are available as a graphical user interface, a web service at http://nanoplot.bioinf.be and command line tools.

Contact:wouter.decoster@molgen.vib-ua.be

Supplementary information: Supplementary tables and figures are available at Bioinformatics online.
Measurement of the mapping between intracranial EEG and fMRI recordings in the human brain
Authors: Carmichael DW , Vulliemoz S , Murta T , Chaudhary U. , Perani S , Rodionov R , Rosa MJ , Friston KJ , Lemieux L
Published: December 2017

There are considerable gaps in our understanding of the relationship between human brain activity measured at different temporal and spatial scales by intracranial electroencephalography and fMRI. By comparing individual features and summary descriptions of intracranial EEG activity we determined which best predict fMRI changes in the sensorimotor cortex in two brain states: at rest and during motor performance. We also then examine the specificity of this relationship to spatial colocalisation of the two signals.

We acquired electrocorticography and fMRI simultaneously (ECoG-fMRI) in the sensorimotor cortex of 3 patients with epilepsy. During motor activity, high gamma power was the only frequency band where the electrophysiological response was colocalised with fMRI measures across all subjects. The best model of fMRI changes was its principal components, a parsimonious description of the entire ECoG spectrogram. This model performed much better than a model based on the classical frequency bands both during task and rest periods or models derived on a summary of cross spectral changes (e.g. ‘root mean squared EEG frequency’). This suggests that the region specific fMRI signal is reflected in spatially and spectrally distributed EEG activity.
Division of labor during biofilm matrix production
Authors: Dragoš Anna , Kiesewalter Heiko , Martin Marivic , Hsu Chih-Yu , Hartmann Raimo , Wechsler Tobias , Eriksen Carsten , Brix Susanne , Drescher Knut , Stanley-Wall Nicola , Kümmerli Rolf , Kovács Ákos T.
Published: December 2017

Organisms as simple as bacteria can engage in complex collective actions, such as group motility and fruiting body formation. Some of these actions involve a division of labor, where phenotypically specialized clonal subpopulations, or genetically distinct lineages cooperate with each other by performing complementary tasks. Here, we combine experimental and computational approaches to investigate potential benefits arising from division of labor during biofilm matrix production. We show that both phenotypic and genetic strategies for a division of labor can promote collective biofilm formation in the soil bacteriumBacillus subtilis. In this species, biofilm matrix consists of two major components; EPS and TasA. We observed that clonal groups ofB. subtilisphenotypically segregate into three subpopulations composed of matrix non-producers, EPS-producers, and generalists, which produce both EPS and TasA. This incomplete phenotypic specialization was outperformed by a genetic division of labor, where two mutants, engineered as specialists, complemented each other by exchanging EPS and TasA. The relative fitness of the two mutants displayed a negative frequency dependence bothin vitroand on plant roots, with strain frequency reaching a stable equilibrium at 30% TasA-producers, corresponding exactly to the population composition where group productivity is maximized. Using individual-based modelling, we show that asymmetries in strain ratio can arise due to differences in the relative benefits that matrix compounds generate for the collective; and that genetic division of labor can be favored when it breaks metabolic constraints associated with the simultaneous production of two matrix components.

Highlights

- matrix components EPS and TasA are costly public goods inB. subtilisbiofilms

- genetic division of labor using Δepsand ΔtasAfosters maximal biofilm productivity

- Δepsand ΔtasAcooperation is evolutionary stable in laboratory and ecological systems

- costly metabolic coupling of public goods favors genetic division of labor
Genetic structure and sex-biased gene flow in the history of southern African populations
Authors: Bajić Vladimir , Barbieri Chiara , Hübner Alexander , Güldemann Tom , Naumann Christfried , Gerlach Linda , Berthold Falko , Nakagawa Hirosi , Mpoloka Sununguko W. , Roewer Lutz , Purps Josephine , Stoneking Mark , Pakendorf Brigitte
Published: December 2017

Objectives

We investigated the genetic history of southern African populations with a special focus on their paternal history. We reexamined previous claims that the Y-chromosome haplogroup E1b1b was brought to southern Africa by pastoralists from eastern Africa, and investigated patterns of sex-biased gene flow in southern Africa.

Material and Methods

We analyzed previously published complete mtDNA genome sequences and ~900 kb of NRY sequences from 23 populations from Namibia, Botswana and Zambia, as well as haplogroup frequencies from a large sample of southern African populations and 23 newly genotyped Y-linked STR loci for samples assigned to haplogroup E1b1b.

Results

Our results support an eastern African origin for Y-chromosome haplogroup E1b1b; however, its current distribution in southern Africa is not strongly associated with pastoralism, suggesting a more complex origin for pastoralism in this region. We confirm that the Bantu expansion had a notable genetic impact in southern Africa, and that in this region it was probably a rapid, male-dominated expansion. Furthermore, we find a significant increase in the intensity of sex-biased gene flow from north to south, which may reflect changes in the social dynamics between Khoisan and Bantu groups over time.

Conclusions

Our study shows that the population history of southern Africa has been very complex, with different immigrating groups mixing to different degrees with the autochthonous populations. The Bantu expansion led to heavily sex-biased admixture as a result of interactions between Khoisan females and Bantu males, with a geographic gradient which may reflect changes in the social dynamics between Khoisan and Bantu groups over time.
Characterizing co-expression networks underpinning maize stalk rot virulence inFusarium verticillioidesthrough computational subnetwork module analyses
Authors: Kim Man S. , Zhang Huan , Yan Huijuan , Yoon Byung-Jun , Shim Won Bo
Published: December 2017

Fusarium verticillioidesis recognized as an important stalk rot pathogen of maize worldwide, but our knowledge of genetic mechanisms underpinning this pathosystem is limited. Previously, we identified a striatin-like protein Fsr1 that plays an important role in stalk rot. To further characterize transcriptome networks downstream of Fsr1, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) to investigate relative read abundance and also to infer co-expression networks utilizing the preprocessed expression data through partial correlation. We used a probabilistic pathway activity inference strategy to identify functional subnetwork modules likely involved in virulence. Each subnetwork modules consisted of multiple correlated genes with coordinated expression patterns, but the collective activation levels were significantly different inF. verticillioideswild type versus the mutant. We also identified putative hub genes from predicted subnetworks for functional validation and network robustness studies through mutagenesis, virulence and qPCR studies. Our results suggest that these genes are important virulence genes that regulate the expression of closely correlated genes, demonstrating that these are important hubs of their respective subnetworks. Lastly, we used keyF. verticillioidesvirulence genes to computationally predict a subnetwork of maize genes that potentially respond to fungal genes by applying cointegration-correlation-expression strategy.
A Molecular Odorant Transduction Model and the Complexity of Combinatorial Encoding in the Drosophila Antenna
Authors: Lazar Aurel A. , Yeh Chung-Heng
Published: December 2017

In the past two decades, a substantial amount of work characterized the odorant receptors, neuroanatomy and odorant response properties of the early olfactory system of Drosophila melanogaster. Yet many odorant receptors remain only partially characterized and, the odorant transduction process and the axon hillock spiking mechanism of the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) have yet to be fully determined.

Identity and concentration, two key aspects of olfactory coding, originate in the odorant transduction process. Detailed molecular models of the odorant transduction process are, however, scarce for fruit flies. To address these challenges we advance a comprehensive model of fruit fly OSNs as a cascade consisting of an odorant transduction process (OTP) and a biophysical spike generator (BSG). We model identity and concentration in OTP using an odorant-receptor binding rate tensor, modulated by the odorant concentration profile, and an odorant-receptor dissociation rate tensor, and quantitatively describe the ligand binding/dissociation process. We model the BSG as a Connor-Stevens point neuron.

The resulting combinatorial encoding model of the Drosophila antenna provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the neural code of both odorant identity and odorant concentration and advances the state-of-the-art in a number of ways. First, it quantifies on the molecular level the combinatorial complexity of the transformation taking place in the antennae. The concentration-dependent combinatorial code determines the complexity of the input space driving olfactory processing in the downstream neuropils, such as odorant recognition and olfactory associative learning. Second, the model is biologically validated using multiple electrophysiology recordings. Third, the model demonstrates that the currently available data for odorant-receptor responses only enable the estimation of the affinity of the odorant-receptor pairs. The odorant-dissociation rate is only available for a few odorant-receptor pairs. Finally, our model calls for new experiments for massively identifying the odorant-receptor dissociation rates of relevance to flies.
Functional triplet motifs underlie accurate predictions of single-trial responses in populations of tuned and untuned V1 neurons
Authors: Dechery Joseph B , MacLean Jason N
Published: December 2017

Visual stimuli are encoded in the activity patterns of neocortical neuronal populations. Trial-averaged neuronal activity is selectively modulated by particular visual stimulus parameters, such as the direction of a moving bar of light, resulting in well-defined tuning properties. However, a large number of neurons in visual cortex remain unmodulated by any given stimulus parameter, and the role of this untuned population is not well understood. Here, we use two-photon calcium imaging to record, in an unbiased manner, from large populations of layer 2/3 excitatory neurons in mouse primary visual cortex to describe co-varying activity on single trials in populations consisting of tuned and untuned neurons. Specifically, we summarize pairwise covariability with an asymmetric partial correlation coefficient, allowing us to analyze the population correlation structure with graph theory. Using the graph neighbors of a neuron, we find that the local population, including tuned and untuned neurons, are able to predict individual neuron activity on a single trial basis and recapitulate average tuning properties of tuned neurons. We also find that a specific functional triplet motif in the graph results in the best predictions, suggesting a signature of informative correlations in these populations. Variance explained in total population activity scales with the number of neurons imaged, suggesting larger sample sizes are required to fully capture local network interactions. In summary, we show that unbiased sampling of the local population can explain single trial response variability as well as trial-averaged tuning properties in V1, and the ability to predict responses is tied to the occurrence of a functional triplet motif.

Author summary

V1 populations have historically been characterized by single cell response properties and pairwise co-variability. Many cells, however, do not show obvious dependencies to a given stimulus or behavioral task, and have consequently gone unanalyzed. We densely record from V1 populations to measure how trial-to-trial response variability relates to these previously understudied neurons. We find that individual neurons, regardless of response properties, are inextricably dependent on the population in which they are embedded. By studying patterns of correlations between groups of neurons, we identify a specific triplet motif that predicts this dependence on local population activity. Only by studying large populations simultaneously were we able to find an emergent property of this information. These results imply that understanding how the visual system operates with substantial trial-to-trial variability will necessitate a network perspective that accounts for both visual stimuli and activity in the local population.
Crystal structures of the archaeal RNase P protein Rpp38 in complex with RNA fragments containing a K-turn motif
Authors: Oshima Kosuke , Gao Xuzhu , Hayashi Seiichiro , Ueda Toshifumi , Nakashima Takashi , Kimura Makoto
Published: December 2017

A characteristic feature of archaeal ribonuclease P (RNase P) RNAs is that they have extended helices P12.1 and P12.2 containing kink-turn (K-turn) motifs to which the archaeal RNase P protein Rpp38, a homologue of the human RNase P protein Rpp38, specifically binds. PhoRpp38 from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii is involved in the elevation of the optimum temperature of the reconstituted RNase P by binding the K-turns in P12.1 and P12.2. Previously, the crystal structure of PhoRpp38 in complex with the K-turn in P12.2 was determined at 3.4 Å resolution. In this study, the crystal structure of PhoRpp38 in complex with the K-turn in P12.2 was improved to 2.1 Å resolution and the structure of PhoRpp38 in complex with the K-turn in P12.1 was also determined at a resolution of 3.1 Å. Both structures revealed that Lys35, Asn38 and Glu39 in PhoRpp38 interact with characteristic G·A and A·G pairs in the K-turn, while Thr37, Asp59, Lys84, Glu94, Ala96 and Ala98 in PhoRpp38 interact with the three-nucleotide bulge in the K-turn. Moreover, an extended stem-loop containing P10–P12.2 in complex with PhoRpp38, as well as PhoRpp21 and PhoRpp29, which are the archaeal homologues of the human proteins Rpp21 and Rpp29, respectively, was affinity-purified and crystallized. The crystals thus grown diffracted to a resolution of 6.35 Å. Structure determination of the crystals will demonstrate the previously proposed secondary structure of stem-loops including helices P12.1 and P12.2 and will also provide insight into the structural organization of the specificity domain in P. horikoshii RNase P RNA.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-(furan-2-ylmethylidene)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-1-one
Authors: Thiruvalluvar A. , Sridharan M. , Rajendra Prasad K. J. , Zeller M.
Published: December 2017

The title compound, C17H13NO2, crystallizes with two conformationally very similar independent molecules (AandB) in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal, the individual molecules are linked by pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds formingA–AandB–Binversion dimers, withR22(10) rings. They stack alternately up thea-axis direction and are linked by C—H...π interactions, forming sheets parallel to theabplane.
Methyl 5-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxylate
Authors: El-Hiti Gamal A. , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M.
Published: December 2017

The title compound, C13H9NO4, is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.071 Å). In the crystal, weak C—H...O and C—H...N interactions connect the molecules into ribbons propagating parallel to thea-axis direction.
Evaluating two-stage holistic production systems using novel CSDEA approach
Authors: Zhai Dujun , Jin Minyue , Shang Jennifer , Ji Chenfeng
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to apply data envelopment analysis (DEA) techniques to the collective decision-making environment to appraise two-stage production process under different decision preferences.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors propose a novel multi-criteria group decision-making approach that uses consensus-strategic data envelopment analysis (CSDEA) to appraise two-stage production process under two different decision strategies, which are efficiency- and fairness-based group decision preferences.

Findings

The authors find that the proposed CSDEA model evaluates the performance of the decision-making units (DMUs) not by diminishing other competitors but rather based on group interests of the entire decision set.

Originality/value

The authors extend Li’s two-stage model to cases that consider both intermediate inputs and outputs. The authors address the issue of incorporating collective managerial strategy into multi-criteria group decision-making and propose a novel CSDEA model that considers not only the individual-level performance of a DMU but also the group-level or collective decision strategies.
‘Deal’ or ‘No Deal’? Impacts of Alternative Post‐Brexit Trade Agreements on UK Agriculture
Authors: Feng Siyi , Patton Myles , Binfield Julian , Davis John
Published: December 2017

Brexit will have important implications for UK agricultural commodity markets due to potentially significant changes to trade flows. We quantify the sectoral impacts on UK agriculture of three illustrative scenarios, which capture a broad range of potential trade arrangements: Bespoke Free Trade Deal, WTO Default and Unilateral Trade Liberalisation. It is estimated that the projected market impacts are relatively small if the UK negotiates a Bespoke Free Trade Agreement with the EU. The projected impacts are much greater under the two other scenarios, which capture potential trade arrangements if ‘no deal’ is reached. The high tariffs imposed under the WTO default scenario lead to significant adjustments in trade between the UK and EU‐27, with the impact on the domestic UK market depending on whether the UK is a net importer or a net exporter of the relevant commodity. All sectors experience price and production declines under the trade liberalisation scenario in which the UK unilaterally sets tariffs on imports from both the EU‐27 and the rest of the world to zero; the impacts are particularly severe in the beef and sheep sectors where international competition is very strong.
Polyethylene glycol‐based bowel preparation before colonoscopy for selected inpatients: A pilot study
Authors: Pontone Stefano , Palma Rossella , Panetta Cristina , Eberspacher Chiara , Angelini Rita , Pironi Daniele , Filippini Angelo , Pontone Paolo
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of a new same‐day, low‐dose 1‐L polyethylene glycol‐based (1‐L PEG) bowel preparation on the diagnostic rating of selected hospitalized patients and its tolerability, with risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation.

METHODS

A single‐center prospective pilot study was conducted with hospitalized patients scheduled for colonoscopy, presenting risk factors for poor bowel preparation, such as bleeding or subocclusive symptoms. The included patients were randomly divided in two groups, which received either a same‐day 1‐L PEG (group A) or a split‐dose 4‐L PEG (group B), and performed a colonoscopy within 4 h of the last dose.

RESULTS

In all, 44 inpatients [27 males; mean age 63.5 years (range 20–94 years)] were enrolled. Optimal bowel cleansing was reached in 64% and 55% (P = 0.64) of patients in groups A and B, respectively. The adenoma detection rate was 14% (group A) and 18% (group B) (P = 0.34). A valid diagnosis was reached in 38 (86%) of 44 patients (21 in group A and 17 in group B) after a mean hospitalization of 3 days for group A and 6 days for group B (P = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Our data support the conclusion that the schedule protocol proposed in this study enables a clear diagnosis in most of the inpatients at high risk of poor bowel preparation and no statistical differences were found between the two groups in terms of successful bowel cleansing achieved. Therefore, the same‐day, low‐dose 1‐L PEG bowel preparation could be introduced for selected inpatients.
Overserving and Allowed Entry of Obviously Alcohol‐Intoxicated Spectators at Sporting Events
Authors: Elgán Tobias H. , Durbeej Natalie , Holder Harold D. , Gripenberg Johanna
Published: December 2017

Background

Alcohol intoxication among spectators at sporting events and related problems, such as violence, are of great concern in many countries around the world. However, knowledge is scarce about whether or not alcohol is served to obviously intoxicated spectators at licensed premises inside and outside the sporting arenas, and if obviously intoxicated spectators are allowed entrance to these events. The objective of this study was therefore to examine the occurrences of overserving at licensed premises inside and outside arenas, and of allowed entry of obviously intoxicated spectators into arenas.

Methods

An observational study assessing the rate of denied alcohol service and denied entry to arenas of trained professional actors portraying a standardized scene of obvious alcohol intoxication (i.e., pseudo‐patrons) was conducted. The scene was developed by an expert panel, and each attempt was monitored by an observer. The settings were 2 arenas hosting matches in the Swedish Premier Football League in the largest city in Sweden and 1 arena in the second largest city, including entrances and licensed premises inside and outside the arenas.

Results

The rates of denied alcohol service were 66.9% at licensed premises outside the arenas (n = 151) and 24.9% at premises inside the arenas (n = 237). The rate of denied entry to the arenas (n = 102) was 10.8%.

Conclusions

Overserving and allowed entry of obviously alcohol‐intoxicated spectators are problematic at sporting events in Sweden and may contribute to high overall intoxication levels among spectators. The differences in server intervention rates indicate that serving staff at licensed premises inside the arenas and entrance staff are not likely to have been trained in responsible beverage service. This result underscores the need for server training among staff at the arenas.
Repairability of skeletal alterations induced by sodium valproate in rats
Authors: Kirihata Yuka , Ban Yoshiki , Nakamori Chiaki , Takagi Hironori , Hashimoto Tomonori , Tsutsumi Shunsuke
Published: December 2017

The present study aimed at examining postnatal repairability of sodium valproate‐induced skeletal alterations in rats. Sodium valproate (400 mg/kg) or the vehicle (distilled water) was orally administrated to pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats from gestation days 9 to 11. Fetuses and pups were obtained on gestation day 21 and postnatal day 11, respectively, and their skeletons were stained with Alizarin red S and Alcian blue and examined. Sodium valproate‐induced costal and vertebral alterations in the fetuses included discontinued rib cartilage, fused rib, full or short supernumerary rib, bipart ossification of thoracic centrum, supernumerary lumbar vertebrae, and lumbarization. In pups, however, discontinued rib cartilage was not observed, and the incidence of a short supernumerary rib was significantly lower than that in the fetuses, suggesting that these alterations are postnatally repairable.
The Impact of Globalization on Teaching Profession: The Global Teacher
Authors: Canlı Suzan , Demirtaş Hasan
Published: December 2017

The main objective of the present study was to examine the impact of globalization on the teaching profession based on teacher views. Furthermore, the study aimed to make recommendations for the practitioners and the researchers based on the study findings. In the study, the qualitative phenomenology research method was used and the participants were determined with maximum variety sampling method. The study group included 40 teachers employed in schools located at Adıyaman province central district in Turkey. A semi-structured interview form was used to collect the data in the study. The first section of the interview form included questions on participant demographics (gender, department, seniority, employment school type and education). The second part of the interview form included 5 questions that aimed to determine the participants' views on the impact of globalization on teaching profession. Descriptive and content analysis were conducted to analyze the study data. Based on the descriptions of the teachers on the concept of global teacher, it could be defined as a global citizen and a universal teacher who has knowledge on the global changes and developments and improves herself or himself accordingly and possesses the qualifications and competencies required by globalization in the study. Study findings demonstrated that globalization has resulted in changes in certain existing roles of the teachers. In the study, it was determined that globalization had negative effects besides several positive effects on teachers' qualifications. Based on the study findings, it could be argued the amendments in the teacher education system in Turkey did not reflect an adequate response to the impacts of globalization. On the other hand, it was observed that globalization had mostly positive effects on the teacher training process, however it was determined that there were certain adverse effects as well as these positive effects.
Barriers to care for chronic hepatitis C in the direct-acting antiviral era: a single-centre experience
Authors: Nguyen Peter , Vutien Philip , Hoang Joseph , Trinh Sam , Le An , Yasukawa Lee Ann , Weber Susan , Henry Linda , Nguyen Mindie H
Published: December 2017

Background

Cure rates for chronic hepatitis C have improved dramatically with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), but treatment barriers remain. We aimed to compare treatment initiation rates and barriers across both interferon-based and DAA-based eras.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients with chronic hepatitis C seen at an academic hepatology clinic from 1999 to 2016. Patients were identified to have chronic hepatitis C by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes, and the diagnosis was validated by chart review. Patients were excluded if they did not have at least one visit in hepatology clinic, were under 18 years old or had prior treatment with DAA therapy. Patients were placed in the DAA group if they were seen after 1 January 2014 and had not yet achieved virological cure with prior treatment. All others were considered in the interferon group.

Results

3202 patients were included (interferon era: n=2688; DAA era: n=514). Despite higher rates of decompensated cirrhosis and medical comorbidities in the DAA era, treatment and sustained virological response rates increased significantly when compared with the interferon era (76.7% vs 22.3%, P<0.001; 88.8% vs 55%, P<0.001, respectively). Lack of follow-up remained a significant reason for non-treatment in both groups (DAA era=24% and interferon era=45%). An additional 8% of patients in the DAA era were not treated due to insurance or issues with cost. In the DAA era, African-Americans, compared with Caucasians, had significantly lower odds of being treated (OR=0.37, P=0.02).

Conclusions

Despite higher rates of medical comorbidities in the DAA era, considerable treatment challenges remain including cost, loss to follow-up and ethnic disparities.
PTED study: design of a non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) versus open microdiscectomy for patients with a symptomatic lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Seiger Ankie , Gadjradj Pravesh S , Harhangi Biswadjiet S , van Susante Job LC , Peul Wilco C. , van Tulder Maurits W , de Boer Michiel R , Rubinstein Sidney M
Published: December 2017

Introduction

Lumbosacral radicular syndrome is often caused by a disc herniation. The standard surgical technique to remove a disc herniation is open microdiscectomy. An alternative technique is percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED), which is less invasive. In the Netherlands, PTED is not currently considered as standard care, and therefore not reimbursed within public health insurance. A pragmatic, multicentre, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial has been designed to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of PTED versus open microdiscectomy for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.

Method and analysis

In total, 682 patients between 18 and 70 years of age with >10 weeks of radiating pain or with >6 weeks of excessive radiating pain are to be recruited from participating centres. Patients must have an indication for surgery based on an MRI demonstrating compression of the nerve root from a lumbar disc herniation. Patients are to be randomised to PTED or open microdiscectomy. The primary outcome is self-reported leg pain measured by the 0–100 mm Visual Analogue Scale. Secondary outcomes include self-reported health and functional status, back pain, self-perceived recovery and a physical examination. Outcomes will be measured the day following surgery, at 2, 4 and 6 weeks, and at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months. Physical examination will be performed at 6 weeks, and 3 and 12 months. An economic evaluation will be performed from a societal perspective and cost questionnaires will be used (eg, EQ-5D-5L). The data will be analysed longitudinally; the non-inferiority margin for the primary outcome is 5. Bootstrapping techniques will be used for the economic evaluation.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has received approval of the Medical Ethical Committee of the VU Medical Centre Amsterdam: NL50951.029.14. The results will be published in an international peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Trial registration number

NCT02602093; Pre-results, recruiting stage.