bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Genomic RNA Encapsidation in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposons Ty1 and Ty3
Authors: Pachulska-Wieczorek Katarzyna , Le Grice Stuart , Purzycka Katarzyna
Published: July 2016

Long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are transposable genetic elements that replicate intracellularly, and can be considered progenitors of retroviruses. Ty1 and Ty3 are the most extensively characterized LTR retrotransposons whose RNA genomes provide the template for both protein translation and genomic RNA that is packaged into virus-like particles (VLPs) and reverse transcribed. Genomic RNAs are not divided into separate pools of translated and packaged RNAs, therefore their trafficking and packaging into VLPs requires an equilibrium between competing events. In this review, we focus on Ty1 and Ty3 genomic RNA trafficking and packaging as essential steps of retrotransposon propagation. We summarize the existing knowledge on genomic RNA sequences and structures essential to these processes, the role of Gag proteins in repression of genomic RNA translation, delivery to VLP assembly sites, and encapsidation.
Optimization of Upstream Detention Reservoir Facilities for Downstream Flood Mitigation in Urban Areas
Authors: Ngo Thi , Yoo Do , Lee Yong , Kim Joong
Published: July 2016

A detention reservoir is one of the most effective engineered solutions for flood damage mitigation in urban areas. Detention facilities are constructed to temporarily store storm water and then slowly drain when the peak period has passed. This delayed drainage may coincide with upstream floods and aggravate the flood risk downstream. Optimal operation and design are needed to improve the performance of detention reservoirs for flood reduction. This study couples hydrologic simulation software (EPA-SWMM) with an evolutional optimizer (extraordinary particle swarm optimization, EPSO) to minimize flood damage downstream while considering the inundation risk at the detention reservoir. The optimum design and operation are applied to an urban case study in Seoul, Korea, for historical severe flooding events and designed rainfall scenarios. The optimal facilities outperform the present facilities in terms of flood damage reduction both downstream and in the detention reservoir area. Specifically, the peak water level at the detention pond under optimal conditions is significantly smaller than that of the current conditions. The comparison of the total flooded volume in the whole watershed shows a dramatic reduction of 79% in a severe flooding event in 2010 and around 20% in 2011 and in 180 min designed rainfall scenarios.
Framework for the validation of simulation-based productivity analysis: focused on curtain wall construction process
Authors: HAN Seungwoo , KO Yong-Ho , HONG Taehoon , KOO Choongwan , LEE Sangyoub
Published: July 2016

As construction projects have become more complicated in design and construction, it is necessary to establish the construction operational plans in advance. However, there were some limitations in analyzing construction produc­tivity due to the difficulty of collecting accurate data. To address this challenge, this study aimed to develop the frame­work for the validation of simulation-based productivity analysis, which consisted of three measures: (i) validation of the measured productivity data as target variable; (ii) validation of the measured duration data as input variable; and (iii) validation of the simulation model compared to the actual construction process. To verify the feasibility of the proposed framework, this study focused on the curtain wall construction project of “S” office building as a case study. The T-test was applied to investigate the statistical difference between the measure and simulated productivity. It was determined that the significance level α in the T-test for the unloading process was 0.136 with 95% confidence interval; the lifting process, 0.106; and the installing process, 0.311. As a result, there was no significant difference between the measured and simulated productivity. The proposed framework could enable executives and managers in charge of project plan­ning and scheduling to accurately predict the simulation-based productivity.
CONSTRAINTS ON BLACK HOLE/HOST GALAXY CO-EVOLUTION AND BINARY STALLING USING PULSAR TIMING ARRAYS
Authors: Simon Joseph , Burke-Spolaor Sarah
Published: July 2016

Pulsar timing arrays are now setting increasingly tight limits on the gravitational wave background from binary supermassive black holes (SMBHs). But as upper limits grow more constraining, what can be implied about galaxy evolution? We investigate which astrophysical parameters have the largest impact on predictions of the strain spectrum and provide a simple framework to directly translate between measured values for the parameters of galaxy evolution and pulsar timing array (PTA) limits on the gravitational wave background of binary SMBHs. We find that the most influential observable is the relation between a host galaxy's central bulge and its central black hole,

, which has the largest effect on the mean value of the characteristic strain amplitude. However, the variance of each prediction is dominated by uncertainties in galaxy stellar mass functions. Using this framework with the best published PTA limit, we can set limits on the shape and scatter of the

relation. We find our limits to be in contention with strain predictions using two leading measurements of this relation. We investigate several possible reasons for this disagreement. If we take the

relations to be correct within a simple power-law model for the gravitational wave background, then the inconsistency is reconcilable by allowing for an additional “stalling” time between a galaxy merger and evolution of a binary SMBH to sub-parsec scales, with lower limits on this timescale of ∼1–2 Gyr.
LONG-TERM AND LARGE-SCALE HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS OF MIGRATING PLANETS
Authors: Benítez-Llambay Pablo , Ramos Ximena S. , Beaugé Cristian , Masset Frédéric S.
Published: July 2016

We present a new method that allows for long-term and large-scale hydrodynamical simulations of migrating planets over a grid-based Eulerian code. This technique, which consists of a remapping of the disk by tracking the planetary migration, enables runs of migrating planets over a time comparable to the age of protoplanetary disks. This method also has the potential to address efficiency problems related to the migration of multi-planet systems in gaseous disks and to improve the current results of the migration of massive planets by including global viscous evolution as well as detailed studies of the co-orbital region during migration. We perform different tests using the public code FARGO3D to validate this method and compare its results with those obtained using a classical fixed grid.
LYMAN-ALPHA SPECTRA FROM MULTIPHASE OUTFLOWS, AND THEIR CONNECTION TO SHELL MODELS
Authors: Gronke M. , Dijkstra M.
Published: July 2016

We perform Lyman-α (Lyα) Monte-Carlo radiative transfer calculations on a suite of 2500 models of multiphase, outflowing media, which are characterized by 14 parameters. We focus on the Lyα spectra emerging from these media and investigate which properties are dominant in shaping the emerging Lyα profile. Multiphase models give rise to a wide variety of emerging spectra, including single-, double-, and triple-peaked spectra. We find that the dominant parameters in shaping the spectra include (i) the cloud covering factor, f

c
, which is in agreement with earlier studies, and (ii) the temperature and number density of residual H i in the hot ionized medium. We attempt to reproduce spectra emerging from multiphase models with “shell models” which are commonly used to fit observed Lyα spectra, and investigate the connection between shell-model parameters and the physical parameters of the clumpy media. In shell models, the neutral hydrogen content of the shell is one of the key parameters controlling Lyα radiative transfer. Because Lyα spectra emerging from multiphase media depend much less on the neutral hydrogen content of the clumps, the shell-model parameters such as H i column density (but also shell velocity and dust content) are generally not well matched to the associated physical parameters of the clumpy media.
PROTOPLANETARY DISKS IN THE ORION OMC1 REGION IMAGED WITH ALMA
Authors: Eisner J. A. , Bally J. M. , Ginsburg A. , Sheehan P. D.
Published: July 2016

We present ALMA observations of the Orion Nebula that cover the OMC1 outflow region. Our focus in this paper is on compact emission from protoplanetary disks. We mosaicked a field containing ∼600 near-IR-identified young stars, around which we can search for sub-millimeter emission tracing dusty disks. Approximately 100 sources are known proplyds identified with the Hubble Space Telescope. We detect continuum emission at 1 mm wavelengths toward ∼20% of the proplyd sample, and ∼8% of the larger sample of near-IR objects. The noise in our maps allows 4σ detection of objects brighter than ∼1.5 mJy, corresponding to protoplanetary disk masses larger than 1.5 M
J (using standard assumptions about dust opacities and gas-to-dust ratios). None of these disks are detected in contemporaneous CO(2-1) or C18O(2-1) observations, suggesting that the gas-to-dust ratios may be substantially smaller than the canonical value of 100. Furthermore, since dust grains may already be sequestered in large bodies in Orion Nebula cluster (ONC) disks, the inferred masses of disk solids may be underestimated. Our results suggest that the distribution of disk masses in this region is compatible with the detection rate of massive planets around M dwarfs, which are the dominant stellar constituent in the ONC.
WHERE ARE THE LOW-MASS POPULATION III STARS?
Authors: Ishiyama Tomoaki , Sudo Kae , Yokoi Shingo , Hasegawa Kenji , Tominaga Nozomu , Susa Hajime
Published: July 2016

We study the number and the distribution of low-mass Population III (Pop III) stars in the Milky Way. In our numerical model, hierarchical formation of dark matter minihalos and Milky-Way-sized halos are followed by a high-resolution cosmological simulation. We model the Pop III formation in H2 cooling minihalos without metal under UV radiation of the Lyman–Werner bands. Assuming a Kroupa initial mass function (IMF) from 0.15 to 1.0 M
⊙ for low-mass Pop III stars, as a working hypothesis, we try to constrain the theoretical models in reverse by current and future observations. We find that the survivors tend to concentrate on the center of halo and subhalos. We also evaluate the observability of Pop III survivors in the Milky Way and dwarf galaxies, and constraints on the number of Pop III survivors per minihalo. The higher latitude fields require lower sample sizes because of the high number density of stars in the galactic disk, the required sample sizes are comparable in the high- and middle-latitude fields by photometrically selecting low-metallicity stars with optimized narrow-band filters, and the required number of dwarf galaxies to find one Pop III survivor is less than 10 at <100 kpc for the tip of red giant stars. Provided that available observations have not detected any survivors, the formation models of low-mass Pop III stars with more than 10 stars per minihalo are already excluded. Furthermore, we discuss the way to constrain the IMF of Pop III stars at a high mass range of ≳10 M
⊙.
A TRACER METHOD FOR COMPUTING TYPE IA SUPERNOVA YIELDS: BURNING MODEL CALIBRATION, RECONSTRUCTION OF THICKENED FLAMES, AND VERIFICATION FOR PLANAR DETONATIONS
Authors: Townsley Dean M. , Miles Broxton J. , Timmes F. X. , Calder Alan C. , Brown Edward F.
Published: July 2016

We refine our previously introduced parameterized model for explosive carbon–oxygen fusion during thermonuclear Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) by adding corrections to post-processing of recorded Lagrangian fluid-element histories to obtain more accurate isotopic yields. Deflagration and detonation products are verified for propagation in a medium of uniform density. A new method is introduced for reconstructing the temperature–density history within the artificially thick model deflagration front. We obtain better than 5% consistency between the electron capture computed by the burning model and yields from post-processing. For detonations, we compare to a benchmark calculation of the structure of driven steady-state planar detonations performed with a large nuclear reaction network and error-controlled integration. We verify that, for steady-state planar detonations down to a density of 5 × 106 g cm−3, our post-processing matches the major abundances in the benchmark solution typically to better than 10% for times greater than 0.01 s after the passage of the shock front. As a test case to demonstrate the method, presented here with post-processing for the first time, we perform a two-dimensional simulation of a SN Ia in the scenario of a Chandrasekhar-mass deflagration–detonation transition (DDT). We find that reconstruction of deflagration tracks leads to slightly more complete silicon burning than without reconstruction. The resulting abundance structure of the ejecta is consistent with inferences from spectroscopic studies of observed SNe Ia. We confirm the absence of a central region of stable Fe-group material for the multi-dimensional DDT scenario. Detailed isotopic yields are tabulated and change only modestly when using deflagration reconstruction.
A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF EFFECTS OF STELLAR ROTATION, AGE SPREAD, AND BINARIES ON COLOR–MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS WITH EXTENDED MAIN-SEQUENCE TURNOFFS
Authors: Li Zhongmu , Mao Caiyan , Zhang Liyun , Zhang Xi , Chen Li
Published: July 2016

Stellar rotation, age spread, and binary stars are thought to be the three most possible causes of the peculiar color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of some star clusters, which exhibit extended main-sequence turnoffs (eMSTOs). The answer is far from clear. This paper studies the effects of the three above causes on the CMDs of star clusters systematically. A rapid stellar evolutionary code and a recently published database of rotational effects of single stars have been used, via an advanced stellar population synthesis technique. As a result, we find a similar result for rotation to recent works, which suggests that rotation is able to explain, at least partially, the eMSTOs of clusters, if clusters are not too old (<2.0 Gyr). In addition, an age spread of 200–500 Myr reproduces extended turnoffs for all clusters younger than 2.5 Gyr, in particular, for those younger than 2.2 Gyr. Age spread also results in extended red clumps (eRCs) for clusters younger than 0.5 Gyr. The younger the clusters, the clearer the eRC structures. Moreover, it is shown that binaries (including interactive binaries) affect the spread of MSTOs slightly for old clusters, but they can contribute to the eMSTOs of clusters younger than 0.5 Gyr. Our result suggests a possible way to disentangle the roles of stellar rotation and age spread, i.e., checking the existence of CMDs with both eMSTOs and eRCs in clusters younger than 0.5 Gyr.
STELLAR EVIDENCE THAT THE SOLAR DYNAMO MAY BE IN TRANSITION
Authors: Metcalfe Travis S. , Egeland Ricky , van Saders Jennifer
Published: July 2016

Precise photometry from the Kepler space telescope allows not only the measurement of rotation in solar-type field stars, but also the determination of reliable masses and ages from asteroseismology. These critical data have recently provided the first opportunity to calibrate rotation–age relations for stars older than the Sun. The evolutionary picture that emerges is surprising: beyond middle-age the efficiency of magnetic braking is dramatically reduced, implying a fundamental change in angular momentum loss beyond a critical Rossby number (Ro ∼ 2). We compile published chromospheric activity measurements for the sample of Kepler asteroseismic targets that were used to establish the new rotation–age relations. We use these data along with a sample of well-characterized solar analogs from the Mount Wilson HK survey to develop a qualitative scenario connecting the evolution of chromospheric activity to a fundamental shift in the character of differential rotation. We conclude that the Sun may be in a transitional evolutionary phase, and that its magnetic cycle might represent a special case of stellar dynamo theory.
Corps en place, place du corps
Authors: Hoyaux André-Frédéric
Published: July 2016

Cet article tente d'analyser les relations des corps, principalement humains, dans l'espace. Il montre que les effets corporels ne sont pas toujours liés à un contexte qui serait par tous objectivable et quantifiable de la même façon. En effet, la relation du corps se fait plutôt à partir d'une situation que l'habitant constitue en propre. Cette relation du corps avec l'espace est une mise en chair. Elle projette l'habitant par-delà les limites supposées du contexte, de l'environnement, à travers sa pensée ou parfois grâce à la technique qui vient à son secours et crée un artefact de cette possibilité de se projeter. Cette mise en chair permet de dépasser les déterminismes qui voudraient que le corps soit toujours influencé par l'extérieur (le contexte) ou par l'intérieur immédiat (l'organisme), mais aussi par les emplacements où il se trouve et qui le désigneraient dans sa position sociale. Car si ces déterminismes semblent pouvoir lui offrir une stabilité dans le jeu des places, sa liberté ne peut se révéler qu'en déplaçant les normes qui en fondent les règles et les regards de celles et ceux qui vivent avec lui. Ainsi, au-delà du corps en place ou placé, que celui-ci bouge ou non, cet article postule que l'habitant est en quête d'un dépassement de ces canevas prédéfinis et retranscrits quotidiennement dans son existence, pour renouer avec sa propre possibilité de prendre place à travers son corps dans des espaces autres qu'il met à proximité pour pouvoir s'abstraire de la réalité présente.
Mens sana in corpore turistico : le corps « dé-routinisé » au prisme des pratiques touristiques
Authors: Coëffé Vincent , Duhamel Philippe , Guibert Christophe , Taunay Benjamin , Violier Philippe
Published: July 2016

Le tourisme en tant que pratique à dimension spatiale, suppose une mise à distance des lieux du quotidien. Nous questionnons ici cette discontinuité à travers le concept de « dé-routinisation » proposé par Norbert Elias. Ce dernier permet en effet de comprendre les manières dont le corps des touristes est engagé dans la pratique des lieux autres, à partir du moment où les individus y mettent à l'épreuve leurs routines. C'est ce que nous appelons, par construction d'idéaux types, les quatre corps du touriste : le corps reposé, le corps métamorphosé, le corps engagé, et le corps à corps.
Éléments de réflexion géographique à la faveur d'un cogito corporel : s'explorer, un savoir-faire géographique
Authors: Plard Mathilde
Published: July 2016

Depuis Descartes, il s'agit de penser pour exister, cogito ergo sum . Je suggère l'hypothèse d'une autre voie dans les processus de construction identitaire, celle du corps et propose un cogito corporel, « je sens donc j'existe ». Après la mort de dieu, il revient aux individus des sociétés occidentales post-modernes de bâtir leur ontologie. Ils sont de plus en plus nombreux à mobiliser le corps comme véhicule sur cette route de soi en quête de sens. À l'ère de l'accélération du temps social et autre dématérialisation du rapport au réel, le corps pourrait devenir une clef d'accès et d'ancrage à la fois spatial et temporel au présent. Je propose de saisir ici le corps comme support de sens (véhicule kinesthésique) et vecteur de sens dans l'existence de l'homme moderne. Puisque le corps est notre moyen général d'avoir un monde, je propose l'hypothèse suivante : « si je sens et expérimente mon corps et le réel différemment, j'existe donc différemment ».
Revenu universel
Authors: Monti Anton , Federico Serge
Published: July 2016

Le cas finlandais est exemplaire sur les ambivalences du revenu universel. Il se voit défendu aussi bien par certains segments de la gauche que par certains courants de la droite – mais pour des raisons très différentes. Cette analyse suggère qu’il est le lieu d’un déplacement des luttes politiques vers un terrain d’avenir – qui sera tout aussi clivé qu’aujourd’hui. La question centrale pour se situer dans ce clivage repositionné est celle du montant envisagé pour le revenu universel.
Revenance de l’épique dans Le Spleen de Paris
Authors: Scepi Henri
Published: July 2016

Convaincu que l’épopée – en tant que genre – n’a plus lieu d’être, Baudelaire ne renonce pas cependant à un héroïsme du présent, élevé par lui au rang d’un principe ordonnateur de la figuration et du discours poétiques. Les valeurs et les motifs d’un monde ancien, qu’illuminent les rayons de la grandeur, de la noblesse et de la gloire, font ainsi retour dans des contextes qui en déportent à dessein l’incidence, en dénaturent la signification ou en infléchissent les résonances. Loin de célébrer les vertus d’un temps advenu, le « côté épique de la vie moderne » ( Salon de 1846 ) s’éclaire du jour oblique d’une conscience mélancolique et endeuillée. Contre l’Histoire et ses fatales avancées, celle-ci s’institue en mécanisme de revenance, favorisant de la sorte une hantise du passé et redessinant le présent comme le théâtre toujours redéfini d’un affrontement continu avec le temps – scène d’où ressortent grandis et anoblis les anonymes héros du quotidien. Cet article se propose d’examiner quelques-uns de ces affleurements épiques dans Le Spleen de Paris .
Le « bien mourir » perçu dans une approche de l’auto-transcendance et de la transition : deux théories de soin utiles pour l’infirmière
Authors: Laporte Pauline , Vonarx Nicolas
Published: July 2016

Accompagner la personne mourante et la mort est une démarche qui désarme bien souvent les soignants. Nous nous proposons d’exposer dans quelle mesure les savoirs théoriques infirmiers représentent un appui pour les praticiens qui accompagnent la fin de vie en appliquant deux théories de soin : la théorie de l’auto-transcendance de Reed et la théorie de la transition de Meleis. Notre lecture de la théorie de l’autotranscendance montre trois repères de la conception du bien mourir. Le premier repose sur les ouvertures qui se déploient à partir de la vulnérabilité qu’inspire le contexte du mourir. Le deuxième concerne la capacité du patient à mobiliser ses stratégies intrapersonnelles, interpersonnelles et transpersonnelles et le troisième s’intéresse aux bienfaits de l’aboutissement de l’auto-transcendance. Quant à la théorie de la transition, celle-ci nous propose trois repères. Le premier repose sur le fait d’informer le patient sur les soins palliatifs et lui dire la vérité sur son pronostic. Le deuxième concerne la coordination de l’équipe interprofessionnelle au service du mourant. Le fait d’engager les soins palliatifs au moment opportun représente le dernier critère. Il permet de délivrer une éducation au malade qui désire mourir à domicile et de créer ainsi un environnement favorable à la transition.
Le Modèle humaniste des soins infirmiers -UdeM : perspective novatrice et pragmatique
Authors: Cara Chantal , Gauvin-Lepage Jérôme , Lefebvre Hélène , Létourneau Dimitri , Alderson Marie , Larue Caroline , Beauchamp Janique , Gagnon Lisette , Casimir Manouche , Girard Francine , Roy Marielle , Robinette Louise , Mathieu Caroline
Published: July 2016

Comme à bien des endroits dans le monde, le Québec n’échappe pas aux réformes de son système de la santé, lesquelles peuvent malheureusement entraîner des obstacles à la qualité des soins, de même qu’une certaine déshumanisation, et ce, tant au regard des soins à la clientèle, qu’au niveau organisationnel, pour les professionnels de la santé. C’est ainsi que le « Modèle humaniste des soins infirmiers - UdeM » (MHSI-UdeM) souhaite offrir une perspective novatrice visant l’amélioration de la qualité et de la sécurité des soins, de la satisfaction et du bien-être de la clientèle ainsi que celui des infirmières. Tout en respectant leurs influences théoriques, les auteurs présentent leur vision des concepts centraux de la discipline de même que des concepts clés du Modèle, cherchant ainsi à les rendre plus compréhensibles, accessibles et applicables dans la pratique quotidienne des infirmières. Cet article vise à faire connaître le Modèle à la communauté infirmière, à promouvoir son implantation dans toutes les sphères d’activités de la profession infirmière en plus d’en montrer son applicabilité et ses retombées en recherche infirmière. Il apparaît que ce modèle s’avère prometteur dans l’actualisation et le développement d’interventions de soins humanistes auprès de la clientèle.
Relations et dynamiques éducatives
Authors: Petitat André
Published: July 2016

Résumé Le développement des travaux sur l’éducation diffuse a l’avantage de mettre en évidence la diversité et l’importance des apprentissages qui interviennent hors des relations scolaires. Nombre de grandes transformations historiques se sont imposées en dehors et même contre les écoles. Au lieu de décrire les oppositions et entrelacements du formel et de l’informel, l’article propose de contourner les limites attachées à cette distinction, marquée par la dominance des systèmes d’enseignement. Il considère que toute relation comporte des processus éducationnels, ce qui permet à la recherche d’envisager le recours non pas à une distinction majeure, mais à toutes les distinctions utiles à l’analyse (contrainte vs liberté, groupe vs individu, en face-à-face vs à distance, adultes vs enfants, savoirs vs savoir-faire, etc.). Cette approche est illustrée par deux exemples relatifs aux processus éducationnels (la réception créative des récits et la trans -formation utopique) et deux autres relatifs aux relations et à leurs rapports (le brouillage des frontières entre factuel et fictionnel et l’“algorithmisation” des liens sociaux).
E-Discovery Components of E-Teaching And M-Learning
Authors: Nielit Stephen G. , S. Thanuskodi
Published: July 2016

Electronic discovery is the electronic aspect of identifying, collecting and producing electronically stored information (ESI) in response to a request for production in a law suit or investigation.ESI includes, but is not limited to, emails, documents, presentations, databases, voicemail, audio and video files, social media, and web sites. E-Teaching is the teaching students using electronic equipment either directly or indirectly. As well as M-Learning also anytime and anywhere for fixing timings for learning process. M-learning or ‘m'obile learning is defined as “learning across multiple contexts, through social and content interactions, using personal electronic devices”.A form ofdistance education, m-learners use mobile device educational technology at their time convenience.M-learning technologies include handheld computers, MP3 players, notebooks, mobile phones and tablets. M-learning focuses on the mobility of the learner, interacting with portable technologies. This paper deals with some important things about E-Teaching and M-Learning with advantages of both.
Optimizing an Online Learning Course Using Automatic Curating in Sliding Mode
Authors: Mkrttchian Vardan , Amirov Danis , Belyanina Lubov
Published: July 2016

Various platforms can be used for webinars in online programs; such as WizIQ. This online service allows the user to conduct webinars with audio-visual material, presentations, etc. Listeners of the online programs can hear presenter's voice, see a presentation, listen to music, and take an active part in the chat. However, there are great difficulties associated with the ongoing course content- an abundance of unstructured information, inaccuracy of information, a growing number of public resources, an ever-changing world and a changing labor market have led to the emergence of a new kind of activity - curating content. This chapter describes the authors' suggestions of optimizing online learning course content using an automated curator in the sliding mode. The given system has been successfully used by Professor Vardan Mkrttchian in five different Russian Universities, teaching online for its 10 academic disciplines.
Authentic Assessment Construction in Online Education
Authors: Flor Benjamina Paula G. , Flor Leandra Carolina G.
Published: July 2016

This chapter submits that conventional learning assessment models used in traditional classrooms cannot be employed in blended programs at the secondary education level. The tendency of high school students in online education is to adopt the path of least resistance or to cheat thinking that they cannot be caught. Constructing authentic assessment measures for online education should be crafted for teachers to ensure that students who graduate through this learning mode are competent. While examinations are to be conducted, test construction should differ. Online learners would prefer to apply what they have learned instead of the conventional assessments. This contribution aims to develop authentic assessment procedure for the Open High School Program of the Philippines (OHSP), a blended program offered by private high schools in the Philippines, funded by the Department of Education. The program aims to mainstream out-of-school youth, high school dropouts, or regular students who cannot afford to study on their own given their unfortunate circumstances in life. As adult learners, they have rich experiences that can be used in problem-based learning to understand the lessons more effectively. Hence, this study is anchored on the assumption that teachers in blended learning mode should employ a different learning assessment or unique to conditions of OSHP students.
Demonstrating Business Value of Security Investments in the Age of Digitalization
Authors: Cardholm Lucas
Published: July 2016

Management may see security as an inhibitor to the daily operations if the investment is not well aligned with current business activities or is presented in financial terms not relevant to their agenda. While this article shows that security improvements create bottom-line business benefits, there is still a need for security managers to focus on quantifying those benefits in relevant financial terms. The purpose is to demystify the principles of general investment processes and criteria for calculating the benefits and costs of investments while accentuating alignment to the imperatives of the organization that makes the investment. When security investments are assessed alongside other investment projects it helps to consider them on an equal footing, implying the use of similar, and ideally the same, methods of financial cost projection. It is equally important to position and present the proposed investment in a relevant business context.
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) Revaccination of Adults with Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Induces Long-Lived BCG-Reactive NK Cell Responses
Authors: Suliman Sara , Geldenhuys Hennie , Johnson John L. , Hughes Jane E. , Smit Erica , Murphy Melissa , Toefy Asma , Lerumo Lesedi , Hopley Christiaan , Pienaar Bernadette , Chheng Phalkun , Nemes Elisa , Hoft Daniel F. , Hanekom Willem A. , Boom W. Henry , Hatherill Mark , Scriba Thomas J.
Published: July 2016

One third of the global population is estimated to be latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We performed a phase I randomized controlled trial of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) before revaccination with bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) in healthy, tuberculin skin test–positive (≥15-mm induration), HIV-negative South African adults. We hypothesized that preclearance of latent bacilli with IPT modulates BCG immunogenicity following revaccination. Frequencies and coexpression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-17, and/or IL-22 in CD4 T cells and IFN-γ–expressing CD8 T, γδ T, CD3+CD56+ NKT-like, and NK cells in response to BCG were measured using whole blood intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. We analyzed 72 participants who were revaccinated with BCG after IPT (n = 33) or without prior IPT (n = 39). IPT had little effect on frequencies or cytokine coexpression patterns of M. tuberculosis– or BCG-specific responses. Revaccination transiently boosted BCG-specific Th1 cytokine-expressing CD4, CD8, and γδ T cells. Despite high frequencies of IFN-γ–expressing BCG-reactive CD3+CD56+ NKT-like cells and CD3−CD56dim and CD3−CD56hi NK cells at baseline, BCG revaccination boosted these responses, which remained elevated up to 1 y after revaccination. Such BCG-reactive memory NK cells were induced by BCG vaccination in infants, whereas in vitro IFN-γ expression by NK cells upon BCG stimulation was dependent on IL-12 and IL-18. Our data suggest that isoniazid preclearance of M. tuberculosis bacilli has little effect on the magnitude, persistence, or functional attributes of lymphocyte responses boosted by BCG revaccination. Our study highlights the surprising durability of BCG-boosted memory NKT-like and NK cells expressing antimycobacterial effector molecules, which may be novel targets for tuberculosis vaccines.
Lymphocryptovirus Infection of Nonhuman Primate B Cells Converts Destructive into Productive Processing of the Pathogenic CD8 T Cell Epitope in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
Authors: Jagessar S. Anwar , Holtman Inge R. , Hofman Sam , Morandi Elena , Heijmans Nicole , Laman Jon D. , Gran Bruno , Faber Bart W. , van Kasteren Sander I. , Eggen Bart J. L. , ‘t Hart Bert A.
Published: July 2016

EBV is the major infectious environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Patient studies do not allow manipulation in vivo. We used the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models in the common marmoset and rhesus monkey to model the association of EBV and MS. We report that B cells infected with EBV-related lymphocryptovirus (LCV) are requisite APCs for MHC-E–restricted autoaggressive effector memory CTLs specific for the immunodominant epitope 40-48 of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). These T cells drive the EAE pathogenesis to irreversible neurologic deficit. The aim of this study was to determine why LCV infection is important for this pathogenic role of B cells. Transcriptome comparison of LCV-infected B cells and CD20+ spleen cells from rhesus monkeys shows increased expression of genes encoding elements of the Ag cross-presentation machinery (i.e., of proteasome maturation protein and immunoproteasome subunits) and enhanced expression of MHC-E and of costimulatory molecules (CD70 and CD80, but not CD86). It was also shown that altered expression of endolysosomal proteases (cathepsins) mitigates the fast endolysosomal degradation of the MOG40–48 core epitope. Finally, LCV infection also induced expression of LC3-II+ cytosolic structures resembling autophagosomes, which seem to form an intracellular compartment where the MOG40–48 epitope is protected against proteolytic degradation by the endolysosomal serine protease cathepsin G. In conclusion, LCV infection induces a variety of changes in B cells that underlies the conversion of destructive processing of the immunodominant MOG40–48 epitope into productive processing and cross-presentation to strongly autoaggressive CTLs.
Anterior Chamber Live Loa loa: Case Report
Authors: Kagmeni G. , Cheuteu R. , Bilong Y. , Wiedemann P.
Published: July 2016

We reported a case of unusual intraocular Loa loa in a 27-year-old patient who presented with painful red eye. Biomicroscopy revealed a living and active adult worm in the anterior chamber of the right eye. After surgical extraction under local anesthesia, parasitological identification confirmed L. loa filariasis.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Antenatal and Postnatal Aspects
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Shastri Sweta , Sharma Pradeep
Published: July 2016

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition that occurs due to various reasons, is an important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It has been defined as a rate of fetal growth that is less than normal in light of the growth potential of that specific infant. Usually, IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA) are used interchangeably in literature, even though there exist minute differences between them. SGA has been defined as having birth weight less than two standard deviations below the mean or less than the 10th percentile of a population-specific birth weight for specific gestational age. These infants have many acute neonatal problems that include perinatal asphyxia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and polycythemia. The likely long-term complications that are prone to develop when IUGR infants grow up includes growth retardation, major and subtle neurodevelopmental handicaps, and developmental origin of health and disease. In this review, we have covered various antenatal and postnatal aspects of IUGR.
Orthopedic Trauma and Recovery of Quality of Life: An Overview of the Literature
Authors: Hamid Khalid , Raut Pramin , Ahmed Bessam , Eardley William
Published: July 2016

Assessment of clinical success by radiographic evidence of fracture union and surgeon-rated performance following recovery are the outcome tools of the past. Patients are now involved in the assessment of both surgeon performance and the capacity of the institutions in which they are treated to provide rehabilitation following injury. This population is increasingly involved in trials to guide most appropriate and cost-effective care. With healthcare resources globally under pressure, research focus on patient-rated outcome per unit expenditure is central to orthopedic evidence-based practice. In this era of patient-focused assessment and healthcare economics, quality of life and alterations in this status are central as outcome measures. In order to quantify the return of quality of life following injury, we present a review of the literature pertaining to this fundamental aspect of orthopedic trauma patient care.
Statin Use in Prostate Cancer: An Update
Authors: Babcook Melissa A. , Joshi Aditya , Montellano Jeniece A. , Shankar Eswar , Gupta Sanjay
Published: July 2016

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, known as statins, are commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease. A systematic review was conducted using the keywords “statin and prostate cancer” within the title search engines including PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for relevant research work published between 2004 and December 2015. Although still premature, accumulating clinical evidence suggests that statin use may be beneficial in the prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer. These human studies consist of meta-analyses of secondary endpoints obtained from randomized, controlled cardiovascular disease clinical trials of statins, patient database, observational studies, and a few, small case–control studies, directly addressing statin use on prostate cancer pathology and recurrence. This review summarizes and discusses the recent clinical literature on statins and prostate cancer with a recommendation to move forward with randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, investigating the use of statins. Additional preclinical testing of statins on prostate cancer cell lines and in vivo models is needed to elucidate pathways and determine its efficacy for prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer, more specifically, the difference in the effectiveness of lipophilic versus hydrophilic statins in prostate cancer.
An in situ evaluation of Bioactives on the morphology of bleached Enamel
Authors: de Lima Gomes Yasmin do Socorro Batista , Alexandrino Larissa Dias , Silva Cecy Martins , da Rosa Nogueira Thiago , de Melo Alencar Cristiane , Alves Eliane Bemerguy
Published: July 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to use surface rugosity analysis (Ra) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) comparing effects of nano-hydroxyapatite (NANO), casein phosphopeptideamorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and NovaMin (NOVA) on enamel's human morphology bleached with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide.

Materials and methods

Forty specimens (3 × 3 × 3 mm) were obtained from fully included third molars and four specimens were attached in the first molars of the volunteers. The POLApositive control has only been bleached. Three experimental groups were bleached and treated with respective bioactive: NANO, CPP-ACP, and NovaMin. The Ra analyses were performed before and after the treatment using a rugosimeter. The obtained photomicrographs were analyzed using SEM (n = 3) by three examiners, and the study was double blind.

Results

The Ra results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). All experimental groups showed significant differences of the others; however, the experimental groups were not significantly different from each other.

Conclusion

The enamel morphology of the bioactive-treated groups had more regular surfaces, than the others.

How to cite this article

da Rosa Nogueira T, Alexandrino LD, de Lima Gomes YSB, de Melo Alencar C, Alves EB, Silva CM. An in situ evaluation of Bioactives on the morphology of bleached Enamel. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(3):192-197.
Antibiotic Prescription Knowledge of Dentists in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Online, Country-wide Survey
Authors: Halboub Esam , Alzaili Abdulaziz , Quadri Mir Faeq Ali , Al-Haroni Mohammed , Al-Obaida Mohammad Ibrahim , Al-hebshi Nezar Noor
Published: July 2016

Aim

Dentists are probably contributing to the development of bacterial resistance to certain antibiotics. Campaigns to promote prudent use of antibiotics in dentistry are, thus, needed but require proper identification of dentists’ knowledge gaps. The objective here was to comprehensively evaluate antibiotic prescription knowledge of dentists in Saudi Arabia.

Material and methods

A link to an online, previously validated questionnaire was emailed to 5199 dentists registered with the Saudi Dental Society. The questionnaire comprised 42 scorable items measuring antibiotics prescription knowledge in five different domains in addition to nonscorable questions regarding first-choice antibiotics and previous attendance of a course/workshop about antibiotic prescription. Each correct answer was given one mark. Mean scores were calculated as percentages and categorized as good (> 80%), intermediate (60–80%), or poor (< 60%).

Results

The response rate was 9.4%; however, only 373 (7.2%) fully completed the questionnaire. Around half of the participants (52%) reported prescribing amoxicillin/clavulanate as the firstchoice antibiotic; 62% reported attending a course/workshop in the last 5 years. The average knowledge score was 69%, being highest for nonclinical indications (79%) and lowest for prophylactic use (56%). The worst per-item scores were noted for rheumatic heart disease (19%), trismus (28%), surgical extraction (30%), apicectomy (31%), and periodontal abscess (33%). Female dentists, dentists in governmental sector, and those with higher qualifications had significantly better knowledge.

Conclusion

The level of knowledge was hardly intermediate and several deficits were identified, indicating an urgent need for educational campaigns and provision of guidelines promoting rational use of antibiotics by dentists.

Clinical Significance

Irrational use of antibiotics by dentists can contribute to the problem of antibacterial resistance.

How to cite this article

Halboub E, Alzaili A, Quadri MFA, Al-Haroni M, Al-Obaida MI, Al-hebshi NN. Antibiotic Prescription Knowledge of Dentists in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Online, Country-wide Survey. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(3): 198-204.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest to declare.
Association between Tooth Loss and Degree of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Comparative Study
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Malheiros Adriana Santos , Filho Etevaldo Matos Maia , Gonçalves Letícia Machado , Tavarez Rudys Rodolfo De Jesus , Carvalhal Stéphanye Tavares , Pereira Teonnes Lima
Published: July 2016

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between tooth loss and the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).

Materials and methods

One hundred fifty patients with an average age of 49.2 (±14.06) years were divided into three groups (n = 50/group) according to the degree of tooth loss: GI (dentate – control), GII (edentulous), GIII (partially dentate). After performing anamnesis and clinical examination, a questionnaire was used, so that the patients could fill in information on signs and symptoms of TMD. After analyzing this information, it was possible to classify the degree of severity of TMD. As age is a confounding variable to the level of TMD, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to check for differences in the degree of TMD between groups (covariate = age). A post hoc test (Bonferroni) was performed to compare the groups two by two (5% significance level).

Results

The mean level of TMD according to the groups was GI – 1.95; GII – 2.15; GIII – 2.55. There were significant differences between the study groups (p > 0.05). A post hoc test (Bonferroni) confirmed the difference between edentulous patients and the other groups.

Conclusion

The tooth loss is directly related to the signs and symptoms of TMD. The degree of TMD was significantly higher in edentulous patients.

How to cite this article

Malheiros AS, Carvalhal ST, Pereira TL, Filho EMM, Tonetto MR, Gonçalves LM, Bandeca MC, De Jesus Tavarez RR. Association between Tooth Loss and Degree of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(3):235-239.
Long-term Follow-up of Trigeminal Neuralgia Patients treated with Percutaneous Balloon Compression Technique: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Yadav Suman , Sonone Rajratna M , Jaiswara Chandresh , Bansal Shipra , Singh Deepak , Rathi Vidhi Chhabra
Published: July 2016

Background

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) refers to sharp, lancinating pain in the areas supplied by trigeminal nerve. Both pharmacological and surgical lines of treatments are available for the treatment of TN. Percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) is one such surgical technique that is usually advocated for the treatment of TN occurring in elderly patients. Hence, we aim to evaluate the follow-up results of the TN patients treated by the PBC technique.

Materials and methods

A total of 400 patients were selected for the study who had undergone surgical treatment of TN by percutaneous balloon decompression technique. All the postoperative follow-up records of the patients, clinical history, and complication records of the patients were studied and evaluated.

Results

Of all the patients included in the study, 353 patients showed improvement clinically after PBC therapy. Out 400, 180 were males and 220 were females. Postoperative complications of the patients during their follow-up were also recorded and it was observed that the most common complication arising after treatment with this technique included facial numbness, masseter muscle weakness, paresthesia, diplopia, and corneal anesthesia.

Conclusion

One of the most common neuralgic pains affecting the face is the pain of TN. Although numerous lines of treatment options are available for its treatment, all these have one or the other drawbacks. From our results, we can conclude that PBC technique offers more advantages than other surgical modalities and, therefore, should be preferred over other techniques of treatment.

How to cite this article

Yadav S, Sonone RM, Jaiswara C, Bansal S, Singh D, Rathi VC. Long-term Follow-up of Trigeminal Neuralgia Patients treated with Percutaneous Balloon Compression Technique: A Retrospective Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(3):263-266.