bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Machine Learning to Support the Diagnosis of Oral Alterations
Authors: Prado Rosana Leal do , Marsicano Juliane Avansini , Frois Amanda Keren , Brancher Jacques Duílio
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the accuracy of deep learning models in detecting cellular alterations in histological images of oral mucosa. Material and Methods: The study compares three convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures for classifying histological images: EfficientNet-B3, MobileNet-V2, and VGG16. Efficient and focused on computer vision, each has specific advantages. A Kaggle database with 5192 images was used, divided into training (70%), validation (15%), and test (15%) sets. The CNNs were implemented using the Keras library, trained with pre-trained ImageNet weights, and evaluated using accuracy and AUC metrics. Results: The findings indicate that EfficientNet-B3 achieved the lowest training and validation losses at epoch 30, with the highest accuracy and stability during training. Evaluation metrics showed EfficientNet-B3 with 98% accuracy and 99% sensitivity for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) images, outperforming MobileNet-V2 and VGG16. MobileNet-V2 achieved 97% accuracy and 96% sensitivity, while VGG16 reached 94% accuracy and 93% sensitivity for OSCC images. All models exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between normal and OSCC images, as demonstrated by ROC curves. EfficientNet-B3 had the highest AUC (0.982), followed by MobileNet-V2 (AUC=0.967) and VGG16 (AUC=0.937). These findings underscore the effectiveness of EfficientNet-B3 for accurately detecting cellular alterations in histological images of oral mucosa. Conclusion: Our study reveals the superior performance of CNNs, particularly EfficientNet-B3, in classifying histological images of OSCC.
Color Alteration of Resin Composites by Cigarette Smoke with Various Levels of Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Theobaldo Jéssica Dias , Vieira-Junior Waldemir Francisco , Ferretti Marcela Alvarez , Costa Lorena Barros , Marchi Giselle Maria , Lima Debora Alves Nunes Leite , Aguiar Flávio Henrique Baggio
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of various types of cigarettes on the color of microhybrid (MH) and nanofilled (NF) resin composites. Material and Methods: Disc-shaped specimens (5 × 2 mm; n = 10) of MH (Filtek Z250, 3M) or NF (Filtek Z350XT, 3M) were exposed or not (control) to cigarette smoke (20 cigarettes daily × 5 days) from four commercial cigarettes with increasing concentrations of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide (MSL < MFP < MBI < MR). The cigarettes had an additional filter (MFP) or added flavoring (MBI). The color parameters (L*, a*, b*, ∆Eab, ∆E00) were determined considering baseline versus after exposure to cigarette smoke. Data were submitted to Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (α=0.05). Results: Significant differences were observed for ∆L* (toward black), ∆a* (toward red), ∆Eab, and ∆E00 of both resin composites compared with the control (p<0.05) regardless of the type of cigarette, with higher values for NF (p<0.05). For the MH, MBI provided higher negative ∆L* variation compared to MSL and MR (p<0.05). For the NF, higher ∆a* values were observed for MR and MSL, with significant differences from MFP and MBI (p<0.05). Regardless of the cigarette, ∆Eab and ∆E00 exceeded the limits of perceptibility and acceptability of color alteration. Conclusion: Color alteration of resin composites was modulated by the cigarette and resin composite type, the NF resin composite being more susceptible to staining.
Evaluating the effects of evidence-based nursing on length of hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, symptom relief, and complication rates in children with severe adenoviral pneumonia: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wu Shali , Zhu Sha , Wen Hui , Yang Tuhong , Liu Yazi , Peng Ying
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of evidence-based nursing care on length of hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, symptom relief, and complication rates among mechanically ventilated children with severe adenovirus pneumonia. A total of 257 children admitted to Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital in Changsha from February 2018 to December 2021 were enrolled. Two patients withdrew from the study, resulting in 124 cases in the conventional care group and 131 cases in the evidence-based care group. Primary outcomes included time to resolution of signs and symptoms, length of hospital stay, complication rates. Secondary outcomes were blood biomarker levels and successful weaning results. The evidence-based care group demonstrated significantly higher overall efficiency than the conventional care group (98.47% vs. 95.97%, p<0.05). Additionally, the evidence-based care group demonstrated quicker resolution of cough, sputum, pulmonary rales, and fever, shorter hospital stays, and reduced need for mechanical ventilation (p < 0.05). The evidence-based care group had a significantly lower complication rate than the conventional care group (9.16% vs. 25.00%, p < 0.05). Post-care blood biomarker analysis showed decreased levels of leukocytes, calcitonin, and C-reactive protein in the evidence-based care group compared to the conventional care group (p<0.05). Evidence-based nursing interventions can improve outcomes for children with adenovirus pneumonia by reducing comorbidities, improving blood gas levels, reducing inflammatory responses, and improving the weaning success rate of mechanically ventilated children with severe adenoviral pneumonia.
Dual-scale study of pre-damage, water boundary conditions and frost interaction in concrete
Authors: Chang Lang-Zi , Frid Katja , Kruse Roland , Jänicke Ralf , Lundgren Karin
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the interactive effects of pre-damage, water boundary conditions, and internal frost damage on concrete at dual-scale. The pre-damage included pre-cracking, which has not been studied experimentally before, and pre-compressive damage. Concrete specimens underwent pre-damage and had varied water boundary conditions during Freeze-Thaw Cycles (FTC). At the macro-scale, wedge-splitting tests combined with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) were conducted to assess post-FTC strength and fracture behaviour. At the meso-scale, X-ray CT scanning was employed to identify internal crack patterns. Results reveal that at the macro-scale, significant interaction between pre-damage and frost damage reduced splitting tensile strength compared to the internal frost damage alone. Besides, increased water exposure during FTCs reduced both splitting tensile strength and compressive strength, with a less pronounced reduction in splitting tensile strength. It also led to a diffuse crack pattern and increased tensile ductility. At the meso-scale, specimens subjected to the interactive effects of pre-damage and internal frost damage exhibited cracks along aggregate-cement interfaces and within the cement paste. Reference specimens displayed no internal cracks, while specimens exposed to only FTCs showed only cracks along aggregate-cement interfaces. Full submersion of specimens during FTCs induced more internal cracks than solely water on top. These findings on the interactions between pre-damage, water boundary conditions, and internal frost damage offer insight into the causes of frost damage, vital for the design and assessment of concrete structures in frost-prone environments. Furthermore, the results of these dual-scale tests can be used as a test case for the development of upscaling numerical models describing heat transfer and frost degradation in concrete.
Pregnancy in the «niche» of the scar on the uterus after cesarean section: the volumes of surgical treatment
Authors: Torobaeva M.T. , Buyanova S.N. , Logutova L.S. , Petrakova S.A. , Yudina N.V.
Published: February 2025

Objective. To choose the optimal method of surgical treatment in patients with pregnancy in the «niche» of the scar on the uterus after cesarean section (CS). Material and methods. A retrospective study included 43 patients with confirmed pregnancy in an insolvent uterine scar after CS. Results. When comparing the results of the study and surgical treatment of patients with pregnancy in the uterine scar after CS, three variants of the formation of an insolvent scar are presented. Depending on the degree of the myometrial defect in the projection of the scar on the uterus after CS, possible volumes of surgical treatment in ectopic pregnancy were determined: vacuum aspiration of the fetal egg under the control of ultrasound or hysteroscopy (13.9%); metroplasty with simultaneous termination of pregnancy by vacuum aspiration of the fetal egg (76.7%); extirpation of the uterus without appendages (9.3%). Conclusion. Metroplasty with simultaneous termination of pregnancy by vacuum aspiration of the fetal egg ensures complete elimination of the fetal egg and restoration of anatomical integrity, which avoids re-attachment of the fetal egg in the scar area at the next pregnancy.
FATORES MOTIVADORES DA EVASÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA:
Authors: Salvino da Silva Fernando , Da Silva Luiz Márcia Karina , Casimiro de Andrade Jucimar , Pacífico da Silva Laura Laves
Published: February 2025

Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal identificar os principais fatores relacionados à evasão naeducação a distância em cursos de graduação em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) privadado Recife/PE. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na aplicação de um questionário estruturado a372 alunos que abandonaram o curso antes do término e também na utilização da análise fatorialexploratória via SPSS para tratamento dos resultados. Assim, com um Alpha de Cronbach de 0,966para o teste de confiabilidade do questionário, os resultados revelaram que os cursos com o maiornúmero de evadidos foram os de administração de empresas, logística, gestão comercial, marketinge processos gerenciais. Os principais motivos para a evasão foram: a dificuldade de acesso aoconteúdo, o desconhecimento sobre o funcionamento da modalidade, problemas financeiros edificuldades diversas de ordem pessoal, profissional e acadêmica que acabaram inviabilizando acontinuidade do curso.
Palavras-chave: Educação a Distância; Evasão em EaD; Cursos de Gestão.
La gestión de la Universidad
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cárdenas Tapia Juan Alcides
Published: February 2025

Si bien el concepto de gestión es muy amplio, refiriéndonos específicamente al ámbito universitario, la gestión institucional centra la atención sobre el concepto “institución”, que supera la noción de “organización” para fijar el análisis en las normas, reglas, expectativas de comportamiento, sistemas de gratificación, sentidos, identidades, etc.
El gobierno de la Universidad
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cárdenas Tapia Juan Alcides
Published: February 2025

El concepto “gobierno universitario” plantea algunas dificultades en lo relativo a su alcance y sentido. Si bien algunos autores le dan un sentido instrumental y técnico, las aportaciones de Casanova (2012) tienen una propuesta más amplia, para describirlo en un sentido general, como la conjunción de procesos de organización y dirección en el ámbito educativo superior, la distribución y ejercicio de la autoridad, y la relación entre el conjunto institucional y los niveles de Estado (local y nacional).
Valoración de los cambios luego de la segunda reforma de la UPS (enfoque cualitativo)
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cárdenas Tapia Juan Alcides
Published: February 2025

Como se anotó en la “Introducción”, el análisis de las entrevistas semiestructuradas y los grupos de discusión tuvo tres momentos: transcripción de los datos, tabulación de información con el sistema Atlas-Ti y creación de un sistema de categorización. La interpretación final de estos datos dialoga, en ocasiones, con la información institucional de los documentos de la UPS para una mayor comprensión de los resultados. Asimismo, se realizó una tabla de co-ocurrencia (cf. anexo 2) que permitió identificar las dimensiones y categorías que aparecen en el análisis y la descripción de los resultados.
Levelling up quantitative legislative studies on Central-Eastern Europe:
Authors: Sebők Miklós , Molnár Csaba , Takács Anna
Published: February 2025

The availability of ready-made textual corpora for research is crucial for social scientists, especially in the current era of rapid advancements in natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI) methods. Despite various useful contributions that address issues of accessibility and standardisation when it comes to such corpora, in many cases, they have limitations related to scope, geographical coverage, and time frame. This concern is particularly significant in the context of political research on Central-Eastern Europe (CEE), for which such deployment-ready databases are few and far between. In this research note, we bridge part of this gap by making available a new database: ParlText CEE. The database, prepared under the auspices of the V-Shift Momentum project at the HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, covers almost 1.9 million text vectors and metadata for parliamentary speeches, bills, and laws for Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia for the period from 1990–1991 to 2022–2024. The datasets encompass relevant dates, texts, titles, and, in the case of the speech corpora, parliamentary agendas, speaker names, and parties. All data are also linked based on unique identifiers following the ParlLawSpeech standard. This paper introduces the specifics of the 1.0 release of ParlText CEE and contemplates its possible use cases.
Optic disc changes in patients less than 3 years of age with congenital cataract
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China, Lao Ji-Meng , Chen Yi-Jing ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China, Mao Jian-Bo ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China, Shen Li-Jun ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: February 2025

AIM: To compare the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) and optic disc morphology between eyes with congenital cataract and eyes without cataract in children under 3 years old.
METHODS: This study included 63 patients with bilateral congenital cataract (mean age of 55.72±46.50wk, 44 were male), 33 patients with unilateral cataract (mean age of 56.63±33.23wk, 16 were male), and 31 age-matched healthy children (mean age of 55.80±29.29wk, 17 were male). Fundus photographs were taken with the RetCam 3 system. The horizontal-to-vertical disc diameter ratio (HVDR) was used as an index to describe the oval form of the optic disc.
RESULTS: The horizontal cup-to-disc ratio (HCDR), vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) and HVDR of cataract eyes in unilateral groups were significantly smaller than those of the normal eyes (P<0.05). In the unilateral group, the HCDR, VCDR and HVDR of cataract eyes were significantly smaller than those in fellow eyes (P<0.05). The HVDR of eyes in the bilateral group was significantly smaller than those in the age-matched normal eyes (P<0.001). The form of optic disc of the cataract eyes in both the bilateral and unilateral groups was more vertical-oral than the normal eyes in the unilateral and the age-matched groups (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Our results show that eyes with congenital cataract has a smaller HVDR and the form of the optic disc tended to be vertical-oval in young children.
Teaching Signal Processing Applications using an Android Echolocation App
Authors: Banavar Mahesh K , Rivera Seema , Ayotte Blaine , Mack Kevin Vincent , Barry Dana , Spanias Andreas , Sahu Chinmay , Yang Tianqi
Published: February 2025

An Android application that realizes an audible version of echolocation has been implemented. Bundled within the app are videos, notes, problems, and discussion questions, thus creating an "eModule." The eModule contains material that is relevant to several educational levels including K-12 and undergraduate engineering. By using the echolocation features of the app, at the K-12 level, teachers are able to introduce labs, and science and engineering practices into their lesson plans. By using data collection and interpretation, undergraduate students can be exposed to various concepts in signals and systems, digital signal processing, and machine learning. Assessment instruments for the evaluation of the Reflections app, as well as the bundled content, have been developed. Pre/post assessment data and results of survey instruments have been collected and analyzed in an effort to assess the impact of the tool on student learning at the undergraduate level, as well as impacts on K-12 teacher interest in introducing science and engineering practices in their lesson plans.
Educational Challenges Presented by COVID-19 at Technical Colleges Offering Aviation Maintenance Technology Program
Authors: Jain Manav , Morris Tara , Beck Jonathan , Johnson Karen , Short Rebecca , Shakour Katherine , Madathil Kapil Chalil
Published: February 2025

In mid-March, many schools in the United States were forced to stop teaching in-person classes and switch to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic; as a result, teachers had to quickly implement new technologies and instructional strategies in the classroom. This rapid pandemic response especially affected teachers and students in Aviation Maintenance Technology (AMT) programs around the country as AMT instruction is inherently hands-on in nature. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 FAA Part-147 AMT instructors and administrators from around the country in order to investigate the challenges they faced during the rapid pandemic response and the strategies and technologies they used to address them. In addition to the interview, all participants completed a survey that provided demographic information and expanded on some of the key interview topics. Thematic coding of the interviews and analysis of the data from the surveys was then conducted based on the Resilience Engineering Framework, resulting in the following themes categorizing the schools' responses to COVID: Preemptive Course Adaptation to Pandemic Disruption, Rapid School Response to Pandemic Disruption, Short-Term Course Adjustment to Pandemic Disruption, Long-Term Course Adjustment to Pandemic Disruption, and Challenges Faced by School Regarding Implementation of Course Adjustment. These themes effectively summarize the different phases of the response of the AMT schools to the sudden demands placed on them to adapt their hands-on curriculum to a virtual format. Ultimately, results from this study may help FAA and AMT administrators recognize the need for improved training and increased implementation of technology in the AMT curriculum to better prepare students and instructors in the event of future major disruptions.
COVID-19 Technology Student Success Challenges : Influence of Tools and Strategies
Authors: Stewart Barbara L , Goodson Carole E , Miertschin Susan L
Published: February 2025

COVID-19 brought rapid and substantial change to course formats as colleges and universities transitioned from on-campus to online instruction to mitigate the spread of the pandemic. While faculty and administrators sought solutions to maintain instructional quality and student success, students endeavored to adapt to the changes. This study investigated a) College of Technology students' perceptions of their potential for success including initial reactions, adaptation, and perceptions of impacts to grades and learning; b) course features and tools preferred by Technology students; and c) factors that enabled Technology students' course completion.
gruepr, a Software Tool for Optimally Partitioning Students onto Teams
Authors: Hertz Joshua
Published: February 2025

Choosing how to split a group of students into teams for project work can be a time-intensive task for an instructor. An instructor might have a complex set of parameters to optimize, perhaps desiring each team to have a certain number of times throughout the week where they can meet, while also seeking to create teams that are homogeneous in some characteristics and heterogeneous in other characteristics. Demographic composition may also be considered, and perhaps the instructor has certain students that must be placed on the same team or must be placed on different teams. Maybe teams will be formed several times, and no student should have the same teammate twice. A few software tools can be found in the literature to assist an instructor with this task, but few of them seem to be easily and freely accessible. This paper describes a new software tool named gruepr, written in C++ by the author. The code has been released under an open source license, and both the code and compiled binaries with a modern, graphical user interface for Windows and macOS have been made freely available. An important design goal was that usage of the software would come at no cost to any instructor who wanted to use it, and accordingly the survey instrument used by gruepr to survey the students is the free Google Form platform. Other important design goals were that the software was easy to use and highly flexible to the instructor's desired definition of what constitutes an optimal team. Within gruepr, an instructor can create a Google Form survey with a highly customizable set of questions. The Google Form is created in the instructor's own Google Drive. After the students have submitted their survey responses, the instructor opens in gruepr the file of downloaded results and sets a flexible set of teaming options. Gruepr then uses a genetic optimization algorithm to partition the students onto teams. The code takes advantage of multi-threading parallelization and generally finds a reasonably optimal partitioning of students in a few minutes or less on a modern laptop computer.
Use of Open-source Software in Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering Education – Part II: Controller Implementation
Authors: Lotfi Nima , Auslander Dave , Rodriguez Luis A. , Mbanisi Kenechukwu C , Berry Carlotta A
Published: February 2025

This paper is the second part of a two-part study on promoting the use of Open-Source Software (OSS) in Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering (MRE) education. Part I demonstrated the capabilities and limitations of several popular OSS, namely, Python, Java, Modelica, and GNU Octave, in model simulation and analysis of dynamic systems, through a DC motor example. The DC motor was chosen as a representative of a large class of dynamic systems described by linear differential equations. The perceptions of MRE community members about the OSS and their applications, gathered through an online survey, were also presented in Part I. In this paper, another fundamental pillar of MRE systems development, i.e., controller implementation, is considered. To this end, the OSS above, along with Gazebo, are used to simulate the closed-loop trajectory tracking performance of a 2-DOF robot manipulator, controlled by a PID controller. Robot manipulators represent a broader category of dynamic systems, which are described by nonlinear differential equations. Furthermore, PID controllers are one of the most versatile closed-loop control methodologies which have been established as the industry standard. Showcasing the implementation of this important category of controllers through OSS can promote their use in a wide range of MRE problems and projects. This paper also provides an overview of the potentials, limitations, and challenges regarding the use of each of the above OSS in solving the aforementioned problems. The OSS are increasingly being adapted as industry standard; furthermore, their numerous benefits pose them as a viable option to complement traditional higher education courses along with facilitating online and remote education. Therefore, this two-part paper and the various problems showcased and solved therein aim to pave the way towards further utilization of the OSS in MRE higher education, reaping the wide range of their benefits, and preparing the students for the future workforce. Full scripts of the codes summarized and discussed in this paper, along with Matlab scripts included to enable comparison, are made freely available on the Github repository of this paper.
NOMOPHOBIA AND PERSONALITY TRAITS
Authors: Bayıroğlu Gül Bahar , Dalbudak İbrahim , Pepe Osman
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to measure the nomophobia levels of high school students studying in the city center of Uşak and to examine the relationship between personality traits and nomophobia levels. The population of the study consists of high school students in Uşak city center, Turkey, while the sample group includes 200 high school students selected through a simple random sampling method from science high schools, teacher high schools, Anatolian high schools, and vocational high schools. The research was conducted using the survey model, one of the quantitative research methods. A personal information form, a nomophobia scale to measure technological addiction, and a ten-item personality scale to assess personality traits were utilized. To analyze the data, independent samples t-tests, parametric one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Tukey test for intergroup differences were applied. The findings indicate a statistically significant and inverse relationship between the "losing online connection" sub-dimension of the nomophobia scale (TNS) and both the "extraversion" sub-dimension and the overall score of the ten-item personality scale (TIPS). However, no statistically significant relationships were found for the other sub-dimensions of the TNS and TIPS. Additionally, no significant associations were identified between the subscales of the TNS and TIPS or between the overall TIPS score and the subscales of the TNS. The results of the study revealed that women exhibited higher levels of nomophobia than men, and that increased daily mobile internet and smartphone usage were associated with higher nomophobia levels. Furthermore, individuals who engaged in sports demonstrated higher scores in "agreeableness" and "emotional stability." It was also found that individuals' anxiety about "losing online connection" was inversely related to extraversion. However, variables such as phone usage duration, years of mobile internet usage, and time spent with friends during the day did not have a significant effect on personality traits or nomophobia levels.
Study of Environmental Problems of the Mnevnikovskaya Floodplain (Moscow) in the Atlas Information System Using Space Images. Part 2: Nature and History of Nature Management
Authors: Markova O. I. , Emelyanova L. G.
Published: February 2025

Aim. We study valuable components of the natural environment and perform a historical and geographical analysis of nature management.

Methodology. The natural features, the history of nature management and the cultural landscape of the Mnevnikovskaya floodplain (a specially protected natural area, part of the Moskvoretsky Natural and Historical Park) are studied. Literary, cartographic, documentary, and popular science materials, including historical ones, are summarized. A number of field routes, observations and photography on the ground are carried out. The analysis is based on high-resolution space images taken in 2021 (WorldView1 satellite\2\3, USA, spatial resolution up to 1 m) provided by the Center for Collective Use “Geoportal”, as well as historical materials of aerial and space photography. The most striking and typical fragments of images are highlighted, reflecting the state of valuable natural and cultural landscapes and ecosystems.

Results. Data on valuable natural objects are summarized: meadows; marshes; river; lake landscapes; plant and animal species from the Red Books of Moscow, Russia and the IUCN; natural monuments; and promising protected areas. The dynamics of nature management and the cultural landscape is revealed: the features of settlement, the development of fisheries, agriculture, the activities of industrial enterprises, the transformation of the floodplain into an island in 1937, and various urban development projects.

Research implications. Information about the natural and cultural features of the area is presented and summarized and the dynamics of nature management and its images on satellite images are identified.
Urban Landscape: Function and Idea
Authors: Isachenko T. E. , Isachenko G. I.
Published: February 2025

Aim. We present an analysis of the correlation of functional and ideological components in the formation and development of the urban landscape.

Methodology. Use is made of the landscape-cultural approach (the study of the associativity of the urban landscape, its understanding as the arena of life and activity of the creators of culture and the appearance of certain cultural phenomena) and landscape-dynamic approach (urban landscapes are considered in the aggregate of more stable components and more variable components, i.e., urban sites and the states of urban landscapes, respectively).

Results. Examples of various cities in Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Norilsk, Yoshkar-Ola, etc.) and other countries (Rome, Paris, Helsinki, Skopje, etc.) show (i) how the idea determines the structure of the urban environment, and the change of ideas forms the palimpsest of urban space, and (ii) how the ideas underlying the formation of cities affect the functions performed by the city, and vice versa. The main factors of the formation of urban landscapes, which influence the ratio of the role of function and idea in the space of the city, are considered. The role of the idea (concept) is especially significant in shaping the landscapes of the capitals of states at crucial moments in history. It is shown that the implementation of such ideas by means of urban planning, architecture, monumental sculpture often leads to radical changes in the appearance of the largest cities, especially in their central parts. Quite often, ideas, which are usually carried by the authorities, influence the formation of non-metropolitan cities, especially administrative centers. The centers of cities that bear the imprint of the dominant idea or ideology to the greatest extent may shift in the space of the city over time. In the history of any city, the relationship between an idea and a function is a complex process, during which the ratio of their impact on the formation of the landscape of the city can repeatedly change.

Research implications. The obtained results contribute to the study of patterns of formation and development of urban landscapes in connection with socio-political processes in the respective countries. Application of the results is possible in the field of urban landscape planning.
The Impact of Recreation on the Soil And Vegetation Cover of the Protected Areas of Sevastopol (On the Example of the Great Sevastopol Trail)
Authors: Kashirina E. S. , Pankeeva T. V.
Published: February 2025

Aim. Assessment of the current state of soil and vegetation cover of specially protected natural areas in the area of tourist routes (Great Sevastopol Trail).Methodology. The key sites method was used to assess the impact of recreation Soil condition was evaluated by indicators: compaction of the upper horizon and presence of erosion processes on the soil and vegetation cover of specially protected natural areas. For vegetation cover, flora species composition, total projective cover, and mechanical damage were recorded. The final assessment of the stage of recreational digression was carried out on a 4-stage scale.Results. The results of the study on the assessment of the impact on the soil and vegetation cover of protected areas of Sevastopol on the routes of the Great Sevastopol Trail are presented. The influence of recreational load on soil cover and plant communities of natural reserves was investigated, and the stages of recreational digression were determined. Recommendations for conducting and organizing recreational monitoring on the tourist route are offered.Research implications is to use the results of the study for management of recreational loads, their minimization and conservation of landscapes of protected areas on the tourist route Great Sevastopol Trail.
Projektowanie doświadczeń pacjenta ważnym elementem dentystycznej opieki zdrowotnej w czasach zakłóceń
Authors: Kwiatek Joanna
Published: February 2025

Patient experience design as an important part of dental healthcare in times of disruption. This article addresses a very important topic of patient experience design. The patient
purchases and receives a service in a specific form and with specific features, supplemented by
additional services and goods. At the same time he or she gains real experience related not only
to the service itself, but also to the way it is offered, delivered and consumed. This experience is
influenced by the seller—service provider—hence we can talk about designing this kind of experience. In this article, we consider dental services. This allows to shed new light on the issue of
experience design, because it is not only the way the service (medical procedure) is performed,
but also the physical evidence (clinic infrastructure, interior appearance, staff clothing, additional
attributes), and above all, the patient’s comfort, safety and the guarantee of proper medical performance. The latter translates into the lack of complications, patients health and the evaluation
of service quality from patients’ viewpoint. Experience design in the dental healthcare is multifaceted and is an important element of clinic management in times of disruption. The credibility
of the considerations will be supported by the experience of the author, co-managing a dental
clinic that, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, continuously provided services ensuring patient
safety, which was unique in the industry. The purpose of this article is to show how redesigning the patient experience—triggered by the pandemic—influenced the management of a dental clinic
and the healthcare services continuity.
Zdarzenia niepożądane w procesie świadczenia usług medycznych – perspektywa łańcucha dostaw
Authors: Gawrońska Anna
Published: February 2025

Adverse events in the process of providing medical services: A supply chain perspective. One of the adverse events in the process of providing medical services is the untimely delivery of care and the lack of continuity of care. This phenomenon may relate to difficulties in
accessing doctors or difficulties related to the purchase of medicines. Most often, they result from
specific disruptions in the supply chain of medical services, and one of such factors is the effects
of the pandemic related to the suspended supply of active substances (e.g., from India) or the lack
of access to primary care physicians. As a result, these disruptions also lead to financial losses,
increasing health debt, and the need to remodel the pharmaceutical supply chain in Poland to
become independent of foreign suppliers. In addition, adverse reactions require more resources
that need to be secured and delivered to the right place. This requires the organisation of additional
supply chains, and often at a fast pace, which multiplies costs, as well as affects patient safety, which
is strongly endangered. One of the solutions supporting the elimination of selected disruptions in
the process of providing medical services from the perspective of the supply chain are solutions
in the field of telemedicine and digitisation of processes in healthcare.
Effect of Phytobiotic Feed Additives Garlic (Allium sativum), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) on Carcass Quality in Broiler Chicks
Authors: Jediya Hemant Kumar , Joshi Monika , Sharma S.K. , Meel M.S.
Published: February 2025

Background: The poultry production systems have led to marked increase in the production of poultry meat and eggs worldwide. The use of various phytobiotic feed additives as dietary supplements may have positive effect on poultry performance, carcass quality and economic benefit in poultry birds. Methods: A feeding trial of 42 days was conducted at Veterinary College, Navania, Udaipur in the year 2021 using 300, day-old broiler chicks (Cobb-400) randomly distributed in completely randomized design. The broiler chicks were divided randomly into ten treatment groups with three replicates under each treatment. The T1 i.e. control group was fed on basal diet, while T2 was supplemented with Oxytetracycline (OTC) powder @ 0.1g/kg feed. T3 and T4 were served as Basal diet supplemented with Garlic powder @ 0.75% and @ 1.50%. T5 and T6 were served as Basal diet supplemented with Ashwagandha root powder @ 0.75% and @ 1.50%. T7 and T8 were served as Basal diet supplemented with Shatavari root powder @ 0.75% and @ 1.50%. T9 was served as Basal diet supplemented with Garlic powder @ 0.25%, Ashwagandha root powder @ 0.25% and Shatavari root powder @ 0.25%. T10 was served as Basal diet supplemented with Garlic powder @ 0.50%, Ashwagandha root powder @ 0.50% and Shatavari root powder @ 0.50%. Result: The supplementation of Garlic powder, Ashwagandha root powder and Shatavari root powder alone and in combination had highly significant (P less than 0.01) effect on body weight, dressing percentage, weight of liver, heart, Gizzard and Giblet but significant (P less than 0.05) effect was observed on eviscerated yield. The net return per bird profit was found higher in T9 group.
War Crimes and Legal Accountability in the 2023 Israel-Gaza Conflict
Authors: Darnela Lindra , Sugitanata Arif , Rusdiana Erma , Adawiah Rabiatul
Published: February 2025

Hamas's use of armed force against Israel precipitated a large-scale war. Both Israel and Palestine suffered significant losses, including civilian casualties and damage to civilian infrastructure. Given these events, it is crucial to assess the violations committed by both sides to offer recommendations for international alignment and post-conflict resolution efforts. This research examines visual and written online news coverage of war events during the conflict's first ten days, along with international responses. The study aims to evaluate potential violations committed by Israel and Hamas according to jus in bello principles, drawing from both international agreements and customary international law. Furthermore, this research will assess the international community's legitimacy regarding parties perpetuating the destruction. This research found that both Hamas and Israel have violated international law. Specifically, they violated jus in bello (humanitarian law), and Hamas additionally violated jus ad bellum (the law of aggression). Conversely, Israel's actions in self-defense are considered illegal. As a result of these violations, both Hamas and Israel could potentially be held accountable before the International Criminal Court.KEYWORDS: International law, Justice of war, Israel-Palestine dispute, Use of force.
NiS nanoparticle-MoS2 nanosheet core-shell spheres: PVP-assisted synthesis and efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Obiang Nsang Gabriel Engonga , Ullah Badshah , Hua Sun , Shah Sayyar Ali , Ullah Nabi , Ullah Noor , Dike Flora Ngozi , Yaseen Waleed , Yuan Aihua , Khan Naseem , Ullah Habib
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of an effective, robust, and cost-efficient electrocatalyst for H2 through water electrolysis is crucial for developing clean and sustainable energy technology. Herein, we report polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted synthesis of NiS nanoparticle-MoS2 nanosheets core-shell (NiS@MoS2) spheres as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) using the hydrothermal method. The polyvinylpyrrolidone controls the size and morphology of the NiS@MoS2 sphere, and it converts into N-doped carbon (NC) as a conductive material during the calcination process to form NiS@MoS2/NC spheres. The change in MoS2 concentration (NiS@MoS2/NCx) of different catalysts significantly influences the material, size, and electrocatalytic performance. NiS@MoS2/NC50 exhibits excellent HER performance, showing a small Tafel slope of 56.7 mV dec-1 and good stability with an overpotential of 189 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. HER performance is believed to be enhanced by the synergistic interaction between NiS nanoparticles and MoS2 nanosheets at the heterointerface. Furthermore, NC enhances the conductivity of the NiS@MoS2/NCx composites to enhance HER performance. Density Functional Theory simulations indicate that the best catalytic site of NiS@MoS2 is Mo, where optimal electron transfer occurs between MoS2 nanosheets and NiS nanoparticles. This electron transfer promotes H+ adsorption, reducing Gibbs free energy (ΔGH* ≈ 0.04 eV) and requiring a work function of 4.81 eV, thereby boosting HER performance. This work will open a low-cost approach for synthesis of non-precious core-shell electrocatalysts with high activity and stability for HER.
DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA EM BIOLOGIA: uma revisão da literatura com foco nos podcasts
Authors: Carlos Heloá Caramuru , Da Silva Gomes Ricardo , Andrade Luis Antonio Botelho , Braz Ruth Maria Mariani , Gomes Suzete Araujo Oliveira
Published: February 2025

A divulgação científica, atualmente, se faz indispensável e pode ser realizada através de diversos meios de comunicação, como os podcasts. Podcast é um programa em formato de áudio ou vídeo distribuído em agregadores através de feed. Os conteúdos ficam gravados em diversas plataformas e/ou em websites de forma gratuita para que os ouvintes tenham conhecimento daquele programa diretamente ou através de download em computadores e smartphones. Ao inserirmos pautas científicas em podcasts, possibilitamos uma abordagem acessível na linguagem e nos acessos aos episódios. Este trabalho realizou uma revisão da literatura sobre Divulgação Científica em Biologia com foco nos podcasts. A metodologia utilizou-se das palavras-chave correspondentes à pergunta da pesquisa nas seguintes plataformas de busca: Periódicos Capes, Scielo e Web of Science, além de critérios específicos de inclusão e exclusão dos artigos para análise. Sete artigos foram selecionados e avaliados quanto à sua relevância ao assunto do trabalho. Apesar de serem poucos os trabalhos que relacionam a Divulgação Científica sobre Biologia em podcasts. Concluímos que essa mídia demonstra potencial para variadas aplicações como ferramenta pedagógica tanto no ensino básico quanto no superior; disseminação de informação em massa e combate a fake news; e aproximação da academia com o público leigo aos jargões da Ciência.
The role of school leadership in education policy implementation
Authors: Aleksić Ivana
Published: February 2025

In the field of education policy, ‘translating’ national policies into practice requires numerous synchronized interventions of a multiplicity of actors at different levels of education administration and its outer environment. Prompted by the lack of understanding about what may facilitate or hinder the policy success at school level and the role school leadership plays in this process, in this article we propose the use of an emerging conceptual framework organised around three analytical axes: a. contextualising the known factors affecting policy implementation within the education policy field, b. developing a typology of school leadership, and c. conceptualising an approach to explain the dynamic processes of exercising influence over the factors of policy implementation by the key school-level ‘agents’ of change – school leaders. Given the absence of a grand theory of (education) policy implementation, we argue that in designing a research framework for an empirical examination of a dynamic and multi-layered phenomenon of policy implementation from the perspective of school leaders researchers need to use a holistic approach while building on the legacy of the scholarly work from the multiple academic disciplines.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Ileus Following Spine Surgery
Authors: Jordan Yusef J. , Kazarian Gregory S. , Morse Kyle W. , Mok Jung Kee , Akosman Izzet , Sandhu Harvinder S. , Sama Andrew A.
Published: February 2025

Background:

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of postoperative ileus (POI) after spine surgery and to identify risk factors for its development.

Methods:

A retrospective database study was performed between 2019 and 2021. A database of all patients who underwent spine surgery was searched, and patients who developed clinical and radiographic evidence of POI were identified. Demographic characteristics, perioperative data including opioid consumption, ambulation through postoperative day 1, surgical positioning, medical history, and surgical history were obtained and compared to examine risk factors for developing POI.

Results:

A total of 10,666 consecutive patients were identified who underwent cervical, thoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbar, or lumbosacral surgery with or without fusion. No patients were excluded from this study. The overall incidence of POI after spine surgery was 1.63%. POI was associated with a significantly greater mean length of stay of 7.6 ± 5.0 days compared with 2.9 ± 2.9 days in the overall cohort (p < 0.001). A history of ileus (odds ratio [OR], 21.13; p < 0.001) and a history of constipation (OR, 33.19; p < 0.001) were also associated with an increased rate of POI compared with patients without these conditions. Postoperatively, patients who developed POI had decreased early ambulation distance through postoperative day 1 at 14.8 m compared with patients who did not develop POI at 31.4 m (p < 0.001). Total postoperative opioid consumption was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the POI group (330.3 morphine equivalent dose [MED]) than in the group without POI (174.5 MED). Lastly, patients who underwent fusion (p < 0.001), were positioned in a supine or lateral position (p = 0.03) (indicators of anterior or lateral approaches), had thoracolumbar or lumbar surgery (p = 0.01), or had multiple positions during the surgical procedure (p < 0.001) had a significantly higher risk of POI than those who did not.

Conclusions:

The overall incidence of POI after all spine surgery is low. Several nonmodifiable predictors of POI include prior ileus, constipation, hepatitis, and prostatectomy. Multiple surgical factors increased the risk of POI, including supine positioning, surgery with the patient in multiple positions, and fusion. POI was associated with decreased early ambulation and increased opioid usage. Strategies should be implemented to maximize early ambulation and decrease opioid usage perioperatively.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.