bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative transcriptome and proteome analysis reveals maize responses to Fusarium verticillioides infection inside the stalks
Authors: Zhang Lili , Hou Mengwei , Zhang Xingrui , Cao Yanyong , Sun Suli , Zhu Zhendong , Han Shengbo , Chen Yanhui , Ku Lixia , Duan Canxing
Published: March 2023

Fusarium stalk rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most devastating diseases of maize that causes significant yield losses and poses potential security concerns for foods worldwide. The underlying mechanisms of maize plants regulating defence against the disease remain poorly understood. Here, integrative proteomic and transcriptomic analyses were employed to identify pathogenesis‐related protein genes by comparing differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in maize stalks after inoculation with F. verticillioides. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs and DEPs were mainly enriched in glutathione metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Fourteen DEGs and DEGs that were highly elevated after inoculation with F. verticillioides were confirmed with parallel reaction monitoring and reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR, demonstrating the accountability and reliability of proteomic and transcriptomic data. We also assessed the potential roles of defence‐related genes ZmCTA1, ZmWIP1, and ZmLOX2, identified from the multi‐omics analysis, during the process of F. verticillioides infection through virus‐induced gene silencing. The elevation of stalk rot symptomatic characteristics in the silenced plants revealed their contribution to resistance. We further functionally characterized the roles of ZmLOX2 expression in the defence response of maize plants conditioning fungal invasion via the salicylic acid‐dependent pathway. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of transcriptome and proteome of maize stalks following F. verticillioides inoculation, and defence‐related genes that could inform selection of new genes as targets in breeding strategies.
Nurses' roles and responsibilities in cardiac advanced life support: A single‐site eDelphi study
Authors: Team Lydia , Bloomer Melissa J. , Redley Bernice
Published: March 2023

Background

Nurses are often the first responders to in‐hospital cardiac arrest in postoperative cardiac surgical patients. Poor clarity about role expectations and responsibilities can hinder nurses' performance during cardiac advanced life support (CALS) procedures.

Aim

To seek expert consensus on nurses' roles and responsibilities in CALS for patients in postoperative cardiac surgical patients.

Study design

A two‐round modified eDelphi survey. Delphi items were informed by guideline literature, an audit of resuscitation records and expert interviews. Panellists, drawn from a single site of a large tertiary health service in metropolitan Melbourne, included nurses, doctors and surgeons familiar with the management of cardiac arrest in post‐operative cardiac surgical patients.

Results

The two rounds of the modified eDelphi generated 55 responses. A consensus of >80% agreement was reached for 24 of the 41 statements in Round 2. All items related to nurses' roles and responsibilities during nurses pre‐ and post‐arrest phases reached consensus. In contrast, only 29% (n = 4/14) of items related to peri‐arrest, and 36% of those related to nurse scope of practise in CALS arrest (n = 4/11) reached consensus.

Conclusion

The study's aim was only partially achieved. Findings indicate high agreement about nurses' roles and responsibilities before and immediately after a cardiac arrest, but limited clarity about nurses' roles when implementing the CALS protocol, such as resternotomy and internal cardiac massage. There is an urgent need to address uncertainty about nurses' roles and scope of practice in CALS, which is essential to the recognition of nurses' contribution to the cardiac specialty workforce.

Relevance to clinical practise

Uncertainty about nurses ‘roles and responsibilities when implementing the CALS protocol may hinder their performance to their full scope of practice, leading to poor patient outcomes.
Selective deployment of virulence effectors correlates with host specificity in a fungal plant pathogen
Authors: Inoue Yoshihiro , Phuong Vy Trinh Thi , Singkaravanit‐Ogawa Suthitar , Zhang Ru , Yamada Kohji , Ogawa Taiki , Ishizuka Junya , Narusaka Yoshihiro , Takano Yoshitaka
Published: March 2023

The hemibiotrophic fungal plant pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare is predicted to secrete hundreds of effector proteins when the pathogen infects cucurbit crops, such as cucumber and melon, and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), a distantly related Solanaceae species. Here, we report the identification of sets of C. orbiculare effector genes that are differentially required for fungal virulence to two phylogenetically distant host species.

Through targeted gene knockout screening of C. orbiculare ‘core’ effector candidates defined based on in planta gene expression, we identified: four host‐specific virulence effectors (named effector proteins for cucurbit infection, or EPCs) that are required for full virulence of C. orbiculare to cucurbit hosts, but not to the Solanaceae host N. benthamiana; and five host‐nonspecific virulence effectors, which collectively contribute to fungal virulence to both hosts.

During host infection, only a small subset of genes, including the host‐specific EPC effector genes, showed preferential expression on one of the hosts, while gene expression profiles of the majority of other genes, including the five host‐nonspecific effector genes, were common to both hosts.

This work suggests that C. orbiculare adopts a host‐specific effector deployment strategy, in addition to general host‐blind virulence mechanisms, for adaptation to cucurbit hosts.
Epigenetics in developmental defects of enamel: A scoping review
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Hongyu , Cui Dixin , Liu Yi , Tian Qinglu , Zheng Liwei , Wan Mian
Published: March 2023

Objectives

The significant role of epigenetics has been revealed in normal enamel formation process and occurrence of developmental defects. This presented literature is aiming at summarizing the regulatory function of epigenetics in physiological amelogenesis process and reviewing the epigenetic mechanisms in occurrence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE), so as to provide biological foundation evidence to support early predication and clinical management of DDE.

Method

An extensive literature review was conducted using electronic databases MEDLINE (through PubMed), Web of Science and EMBASE up to November 30, 2022. Studies about epigenetic effects on enamel tissue or cells associated with amelogenesis, including in vivo studies using human or animal models, and in vitro studies, are selected.

Results

A total of 22 studies were included. Epigenetic factors or effects specifically activate or silence certain genes, which may regulate related biological activities including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, enamel secretion, and mineralization during the process of amelogenesis. Once the status of epigenetic modification is altered, the quantity and quality of enamel may both be disturbed, which can finally result in DDE.

Conclusion

Epigenetics plays a noteworthy role of regulating the amelogenesis process and DDE potentially by altering the expression levels of genes related to enamel formation, providing a new perspective of early predication and clinical management of DDE.
Differential Access in Mortgage Credit: The Role of Neighborhood Spatial and Racial Stratification
Authors: Loya Jose
Published: March 2023

Inequality in homeownership is a major component of ethno‐racial stratification. Previous studies demonstrate large ethno‐racial differences in access and outcomes throughout the home buying process at both the individual and neighborhood levels. An underlying assumption in these studies is that neighborhood ethno‐racial disparities in lending are similar across neighborhood spatial types. However, mortgage lending disparities are unclear when examining the neighborhood's racial composition across urban, suburban, and rural communities. This paper draws on annual data from the American Housing Survey and the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) from 2018 and 2019 to assess loan outcome disparities by neighborhood type and racial composition. I show that applicant disparities in loan outcomes vary when factoring the neighborhood's spatial type and racial composition. Borrowers seeking a mortgage in predominantly minority rural communities are more likely to be denied a mortgage than borrowers applying across all other neighborhood type and racial composition. The trends for urban communities are similar to suburban communities across adverse loan outcomes. When comparing the community's racial composition and neighborhood type, the observed lending pattern provides evidence of constrained mortgage access in rural areas, especially among minority rural communities.
Genetics and measles, mumps and rubella vaccine response in childhood and adolescence—A systematic review
Authors: Haslund Marie Mykløy , Sørensen Jesper Kiehn , Graff Stensballe Lone
Published: March 2023

Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) are contagious infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization. However, MMR infections can occur in previously immunized individuals. The vaccine response is, among other factors, influenced by the combined effects of many genes. This systematic review investigates the genetic influence on measles, mumps and rubella antibody responses after childhood vaccination. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA), systematic literature searches were conducted in the medical databases PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Search strings were adjusted for each database. Citations were included if they measured and compared the immune response with immunogenetics after vaccination with a vaccine containing one or more of the following components: measles, mumps and/or rubella, MMR. The measure of vaccine response studied was antibodies after vaccination. Forty‐eight articles were included in the final analysis. The results suggest that genetic determinants, including host genes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in immune‐related genes influence the MMR antibody responses after vaccination. Specifically, replicated associations were found between HLA, CD46, RARB, IRF9, EIF2AK2, cytokine genes and MMR vaccine‐induced humoral immune responses. This knowledge can be useful in understanding and predicting immune responses and may have implications for future vaccine strategies.
Shear strength of plain concrete
Authors: Jajodia Rangesh , Gadve Sangeeta
Published: March 2023

Concrete shear strength is one of important parameters in structural design and analysis. Brittle failure of concrete under shear has substantial impact on performance of structure. Concrete shear strength as stipulated in standard codes of different nations is based on RC beam elements. Majority of research also focused on reinforced elements or on indirect shearing. There have been few studies performed on plain concrete subjected to pure shear. Hence, pure shear strength of plain concrete is not established. In light of foregoing, the present work attempts to build loading method that is efficient and capable of creating uniform shear force in standard specimen. The study investigates fracture behaviour of plain concrete when subjected to pure shear force. The pure shear state of specimen is verified using Mohr's circle method. FEA is performed to validate experimental data. The proposed test set‐up is effective in determining pure shear strength of plain concrete.
The clinical applications of interventional radiological techniques in obstetrics and gynaecology
Authors: Davies Rhianna , Parker Michael , Basu Avi , Alleemudder Djavid
Published: March 2023

Key content

Uterine artery embolisation can be used as a minimally invasive technique for the management of benign gynaecological conditions refractory to other medical treatments.

The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) and the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) recommend the use of interventional radiology (IR) techniques for the prophylaxis and management of postpartum haemorrhage.

Interventional radiologists can percutaneously drain post‐operative collections or tubo‐ovarian abscesses.

Interventional radiology plays a role in the management of early pregnancy complications such as ectopic pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease.

Interventional radiology can aid the care of patients with gynaecological malignancies.

Learning objectives

To understand the various IR techniques applicable to obstetrics and gynaecology

To understand the risk and benefit profiles of these techniques

To understand when the techniques could be appropriate and how they compare to surgical alternatives

Ethical issues

There are limited data regarding the use of some IR procedures owing to the ethical issues of using experimental techniques to treat pregnant women or women who wish to conceive.

The availability of IR procedures is hospital specific so treatment is not available to all who may benefit.
Effects of pre‐freeze pathogen reduction with riboflavin and UV light on red cells stored post‐thaw in AS‐3 additive solution
Authors: Kutac Dominik , Bohonek Milos , Landova Ludmila , Staskova Eva , Blahutova Marie , Lovecky Juraj , Horacek Jan M. , Stansbury Lynn G. , Hess John R.
Published: March 2023

Background

Pathogen reduction technology (PRT) may improve the safety of RBCs for transfusion. As the Czech Republic considers PRT, we asked what effects riboflavin and UV light PRT pre‐freezing has on the post‐thaw recovery and properties of cryopreserved RBCs (CRBCs) after deglycerolization and liquid storage.

Study Design and Methods

24 Group O whole blood (WB) units were leukoreduced and then treated with riboflavin and UV light PRT (Mirasol, Terumo BCT, USA) before cryopreservation (T‐CRBC); 20 similarly‐collected units were untreated controls (C‐CRBC). Units were processed to RBCs and then cryopreserved with 40% glycerol (wt/vol), frozen at −80°C, stored >118 days, reconstituted as deglycerolized RBC units in AS‐3, and stored at 4 ± 2°C for 21 days. One treated unit sustained massive hemolysis during the post‐thaw wash process and was removed from data analysis. The remaining units were assessed pre‐PRT, post‐PRT, and post‐thaw‐wash on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 for hematocrit, volume, hemoglobin per transfusion unit, pH, % hemolysis, hemoglobin in the supernatant, potassium, phosphorus, NH3, osmolality, ATP, and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate.

Results

PRT with leukoreduction caused a 5% loss of RBC followed by a 24% freeze–thaw‐wash related loss for a total 28% loss but treated units contained an average of 45 g of hemoglobin, meeting European Union guidelines for CRBC. T‐CRBCs displayed higher post‐wash hemolysis, potassium, and ammonia concentrations, and lower ATP at the end of storage.

Conclusions

Cryopreserved RBCs from Riboflavin and UV light‐treated WB meet the criteria for clinical use for 7 days after thawing and provide additional protection against infectious threats.
Evidence‐base for the beneficial effect of nutraceuticals in canine dermatological immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases — A literature review
Authors: van Amersfort Kelly , van der Lee Annette , Hagen‐Plantinga Esther
Published: March 2023

Background

Immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are associated with an abnormal immune response, resulting in a disturbed homeostasis and chronic inflammation. Most canine dermatological IMIDs (cDIMIDs), such as allergies, autoimmune and immune‐mediated diseases, require long‐term treatment with immunosuppressive drugs with potential adverse effects. In general, nutraceuticals are thought to be safe. As a result, there is a tendency for the more frequent use of nutraceuticals in veterinary medicine.

Objectives

The aim of this review was to present evidence‐based proof for the use of various nutraceuticals in the treatment of cDIMIDs and, where possible, to provide conclusions to guide their use in veterinary dermatological practice.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search on common cDIMIDs and nutraceuticals was performed. Only peer‐reviewed articles published in English and related to the study topic were included. A total of 64 eligible publications were classified in five categories based on study design and substantively assessed on additional criteria such as standardisation of diets and number of included animals. For final appraisal, classification of major, minor or no evidence was used whereby efficacy was based on clinical outcome measurements.

Conclusions

Minor evidence for the beneficial use of several nutraceuticals, including essential fatty acids, niacinamide and probiotics, was found for treatment of specific cDIMIDs. These nutraceuticals may improve clinical signs or reduce the required dose of concurrent medication (e.g. drug‐sparing effect) in some dogs. Some nutraceuticals also may be used for long‐term maintenance therapy. Despite some promising findings, major evidence for the use of nutraceuticals in cDIMIDs is lacking, warranting further research.
Graphene Oxide for Adsorptive Ultrafiltration Membranes
Authors: Nazri N. A. M.
Published: March 2023

Adsorptive ultrafiltration membrane is an emerging field that holds great promise for achieving high efficiency removal of various pollutants such as metal ions and organic pollutants. As a result, significant research efforts have been directed towards the utilization of GO due to its unique properties including good hydrophilicity, large surface area, excellent chemical and mechanical stability which can impart better membrane properties and performance. Recent advances in this field revealed that the utilization of graphene oxide (GO) is highly beneficial in improving key membrane properties including surface charge, hydrophilicity, water permeability as well as the adsorption performance. Therefore, this short review provides valuable insight into the performance of GO/GO modified-based membranes, GO/polymeric-based membrane and GO-modified/polymeric-based membrane for various pollutants. The application of GO in ultrafiltration (UF) membranes is anticipated to provide an attractive and viable route towards achieving high performance adsorptive UF membranes for water and wastewater treatment.
The Twain Shall Meet: International rules for the protection of heritage and nature
Authors:   Cultural Heritage Agency, The Netherlands, de Wit Leonard
Published: March 2023

This article discusses the international agreements that have been made for the protection of heritage and nature. It is shown that, while there are often formal separations between the two realms, there is an increasing convergence between them. An overview is given of the significance of the various international organisations who deal with the international rules of law concerning nature and heritage. On four topics, there is further discussion about the possibilities for cooperation between the two domains: the World Heritage Convention, the conventions for biological diversity and intangible heritage, the rules concerning the Law of the sea and the Wetlands Convention.
Sunken landscapes and settlement areas. On the reconquest of underwater archaeological sites
Authors: Dworsky Cyril
Published: March 2023

Prehistoric lake dwellings around the Alps have been of great interest to researchers and are now part of the UNESCO World Heritage List. These sites offer challenging but favourable building locations around a lake with constantly changing water levels, which likely resulted in a lot of movement from people and nature over time. When water levels rose, these sites were taken over by aquatic plants and animals. But owing to climate change, neozoa and neophytes are spreading quickly into new habitats. It is important to document and monitor these developments in order to understand the extent and potential threat of these species in different areas.
Volume Loss and Recovery in Bovine Knee Meniscus Loaded in Circumferential Tension
Authors: Peloquin John M. , Santare Michael H. , Elliott Dawn M.
Published: March 2023

Load-induced volume change is an important aspect of knee meniscus function because volume loss creates fluid pressure, which minimizes friction and helps support compressive loads. The knee meniscus is unusual amongst cartilaginous tissues in that it is loaded not only in axial compression, but also in circumferential tension between its tibial attachments. Despite the physiologic importance of the knee meniscus' tensile properties, its volumetric strain in tension has never been directly measured, and predictions of volume strain in the scientific literature are inconsistent. In this study, we apply uniaxial tension to bovine knee meniscus and use biplanar imaging to directly observe the resulting three-dimensional volume change and unloaded recovery, revealing that tension causes volumetric contraction. Compression is already known to also cause contraction; therefore, all major physiologic loads compress and pressurize the meniscus, inducing fluid outflow. Although passive unloaded recovery is often described as slow relative to loaded loss, here we show that at physiologic strains the volume recovery rate in the meniscus upon unloading is faster than the rate of volume loss. These measurements of volumetric strain are an important step toward a complete theory of knee meniscus fluid flow and load support.
Nonlinear Thermomechanical Static and Dynamic Responses of Bidirectional Porous Functionally Graded Shell Panels and Experimental Verifications
Authors: Ramteke Prashik Malhari , Panda Subrata Kumar
Published: March 2023

The present article examines the nonlinear static/dynamic behavior of the functionally graded porous shell panel with variable geometrical shapes exposed to thermomechanical load. The higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) is employed to develop a finite element (FE)-based mathematical model. The geometric nonlinearity is incorporated using Green–Lagrange nonlinear strains (GLNS). Voigt's micromechanical model, in association with power-law (GT-I), sigmoid (GT-II) and exponential (GT-III) kinds of material grading patterns, is adopted to calculate the graded panel's effective properties. Also, even (PRT-I) and uneven (PRT-II) distributions of porosity are considered in the present work. The temperature-dependent (TD) properties are adopted in association with variable temperature fields, i.e., uniform (TD-I), linear (TD-II), and nonlinear (TD-III) for the computation of flexural responses. To compute the desired nonlinear responses, the direct iterative technique is utilized. Convergence is used to validate the established model's stability and correctness is further verified by comparing the current numerical data to published and experimental results. The experiment was carried out by fabricating a few natural fiber-reinforced linearly varying layerwise panels for the test run. The study is further extended to investigate the influence of design parameters on nonlinear static and transient data (flexural/stress) of the functionally graded curved/flat panel considering thermal environmental conditions.
Dynamics of an oscillating microbubble in a blood-like Carreau fluid
Authors: Hersey Eric , Rodriguez Mauro , Johnsen Eric
Published: March 2023

A numerical model for cavitation in blood is developed based on the Keller–Miksis equation for spherical bubble dynamics with the Carreau model to represent the non-Newtonian behavior of blood. Three different pressure waveforms driving the bubble oscillations are considered: a single-cycle Gaussian waveform causing free growth and collapse, a sinusoidal waveform continuously driving the bubble, and a multi-cycle pulse relevant to contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Parameters in the Carreau model are fit to experimental measurements of blood viscosity. In the Carreau model, the relaxation time constant is 5–6 orders of magnitude larger than the Rayleigh collapse time. As a result, non-Newtonian effects do not significantly modify the bubble dynamics but do give rise to variations in the near-field stresses as non-Newtonian behavior is observed at distances 10–100 initial bubble radii away from the bubble wall. For sinusoidal forcing, a scaling relation is found for the maximum non-Newtonian length, as well as for the shear stress, which is 3 orders of magnitude larger than the maximum bubble radius.
Perceptual, procedural, and task learning for an auditory temporal discrimination task
Authors: Zhen Leslie Q. , Pratt Sheila R.
Published: March 2023

Perceptual learning reflects experience-driven improvements in the ability to detect changes in stimulus characteristics. The time course for perceptual learning overlaps with that for procedural learning (acquiring general skills and strategies) and task learning (learning the perceptual judgment specific to the task), making it difficult to isolate their individual effects. This study was conducted to examine the role of exposure to stimulus, procedure, and task information on learning for auditory temporal-interval discrimination. Eighty-three listeners completed five online sessions that required temporal-interval discrimination (target task). Before the initial session, listeners were differentially exposed to information about the target task's stimulus, procedure, or task characteristics. Learning occurred across sessions, but an exposure effect was not observed. Given the significant learning across sessions and variability within and across listeners, contributions from stimulus, procedure, and task exposure to overall learning cannot be discounted. These findings clarify the influence of experience on temporal perceptual learning and could inform designs of training paradigms that optimize perceptual improvements.
Direction of arrival estimation method for ground source based on optimally polarized Rayleigh waves
Authors: Wang Xin , Jiang Tao , Li Shuang , Wang Jingye , Chao Yunfeng , Wang Kaikai , Xiong Wenzhuo
Published: March 2023

This paper points out a critical issue in the study of estimating the azimuth of ground sources by using the polarization characteristics of Rayleigh waves: even if the signal quality is good, the degree of polarization of Rayleigh waves varies across different frequency bands, and the band with the strongest energy is not the one with the lowest azimuth error. A direction of arrival estimation method for ground sources based on optimally polarized Rayleigh waves using a single three-component geophone is presented in this paper. First, the reciprocal ellipse rate, flatness coefficient, and the angle between the semi-minor axes and the horizontal plane are selected as the polarization parameters of this method according to two quantitative principles. Then the frequency band range of the optimal polarization Rayleigh wave is determined by analyzing the sum of the weights of the three polarization parameters in different frequency bands. After filtering and combining with the existing surface wave analysis method, the actual data bearing estimation result with an average error of only 4.95 degrees and a standard deviation of only 1.82 degrees is obtained. It is also found that the signal-to-noise ratio approximates the exponential decay of the direction of arrival error obtained by this method.
NLRP3 Plays a Key Role in Antihelminth Immunity in the Enteral and Parenteral Stages of Trichinella spiralis-Infected Mice
Authors: Pan Tian-Xu , Huang Hai-Bin , Lu Hui-Nan , Zhao Guang-Xun , Quan Yu , Li Jun-Yi , Xue Ying , Zhu Zhi-Yu , Wang Yue , Shi Chun-Wei , Wang Nan , Yang Gui-Lian , Wang Chun-Feng
Published: March 2023

Trichinellosis is an important foodborne zoonosis, and no effective treatments are yet available. Nod-like receptor (NLR) plays a critical role in the host response against nematodes.
Untangling Cellular Host-Pathogen Encounters at Infection Bottlenecks
Authors: Avraham Roi
Published: March 2023

Bacterial pathogens can invade the tissue and establish a protected intracellular niche at the site of invasion that can spread locally (e.g., microcolonies) or to systemic sites (e.g., granulomas). Invasion of the tissue and establishment of intracellular infection are rare events that are difficult to study in the
in vivo
setting but have critical clinical consequences, such as long-term carriage, reinfections, and emergence of antibiotic resistance.
Elucidation of the DNA-Binding Activity of VirF from Shigella flexneri for the
icsA
and
rnaG
Promoters and Characterization of the N-Terminal Domain To Identify Residues Crucial for Dimerization
Authors: Dow Garrett T. , Young Anna M. , Garcia George A.
Published: March 2023

Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections continue to rise dramatically, and the lack of new approved antibiotics is not ameliorating this crisis. A promising route to reduce AMR is by targeting virulence.
Fetal Loss in Pregnant Rabbits Infected with Genotype 3 Hepatitis E Virus Is Associated with Altered Inflammatory Responses, Enhanced Virus Replication, and Extrahepatic Virus Dissemination with Positive Correlations with Increased Estradiol Level
Authors: Mahsoub Hassan M. , Heffron C. Lynn , Hassebroek Anna M. , Sooryanarain Harini , Wang Bo , LeRoith Tanya , Rodríguez Guillermo Raimundi , Tian Debin , Meng Xiang-Jin
Published: March 2023

HEV causes adverse pregnancy outcomes, with a mortality rate of >30% in pregnant women, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we utilized HEV-3ra and its cognate host (pregnant rabbit) to delineate the potential underlying mechanisms of pregnancy-associated adverse outcomes during HEV infection.
Draft Genome Sequence of Agrobacterium radiobacter Strain MD22b, Isolated from a Grape Plant in Tajikistan
Authors: Dzhuraeva Munavvara , Bobodzhanova Khursheda , Javier-Lopez Rubén , Tediashvili Marina , Jaiani Ekaterine , Birkeland Nils-Kåre
Published: March 2023

Agrobacterium radiobacter
strain MD22b was isolated from infected fruit from Vatan Farm, a dekhkan farm in Yangibog (Tursunzade, Tajikistan). The 5.7-Mbp draft genome sequence presented here shares homology with chromosomes 1 and 2, as well as with the Ti plasmid from agrobacteria.
Engineered Bacteria for Short-Chain-Fatty-Acid-Repressed Expression of Biotherapeutic Molecules
Authors: Serebrinsky-Duek Kineret , Barra Maria , Danino Tal , Garrido Daniel
Published: March 2023

Short-chain fatty acids are key molecules produced by the gut microbiome. Their concentrations are altered in certain diseases. Here, we created molecular biosensors that quantify the absence of propionate and butyrate, using logic “NOT” gates and bacterial promoters. Finally, we show that these genetic systems could be useful for the delivery of therapeutic molecules in the gut, in the absence of these acids.
BysR, a LysR-Type Pleiotropic Regulator, Controls Production of Occidiofungin by Activating the LuxR-Type Transcriptional Regulator AmbR1 in
Burkholderia
sp. Strain JP2-270
Authors: Wu Lijuan , Tang Liqun , He Yuchang , Han Cong , Wang Lei , Zhang Yunzeng , E Zhiguo
Published: March 2023

We report for the first time that occidiofungin production is regulated by the global transcriptional factor BysR, by directly targeting the specific regulator
ambR1
, which further promotes the transcription of
ocf
genes. BysR also acts as a pleiotropic regulator that controls various cellular processes in
Burkholderia
sp. strain JP2-270.
Improved Dried Blood Spot PCR Assay for Universal Congenital Cytomegalovirus Screening in Newborns
Authors: Kim Jean H. , Robles Veronica , Weimer Kristin E. D. , Gehtland Lisa M. , Kucera Katerina S.
Published: March 2023

Implementation of screening for cCMV in public health programs is hindered by feasibility challenges, including limited specimen availability and an insufficiently sensitive DBS-based screening assay. We report on efforts to improve the currently available DBS-based molecular assay to increase its feasibility of implementation in newborn screening programs.
Comparison of Eleven RNA Extraction Methods for Poliovirus Direct Molecular Detection in Stool Samples
Authors: Akello Joyce Odeke , Bujaki Erika , Shaw Alexander G. , Khurshid Adnan , Arshad Yasir , Troman Catherine , Majumdar Manasi , O'Toole Áine , Rambaut Andrew , Alam Muhammad Masroor , Martin Javier , Grassly Nicholas C.
Published: March 2023

Poliovirus, the causative agent of poliomyelitis, is a target of global eradication led by the World Health Organization since 1988. Direct molecular detection and genomic sequencing without virus propagation in cell culture is arguably a critical tool in the final stages of polio eradication.
Architecture and permeability structure of the Sibillini Mts. Thrust and influence upon recent, extension-related seismicity in the central Apennines (Italy) through fault-valve behavior
Authors: Curzi Manuel , Cipriani Angelo , Aldega Luca , Billi Andrea , Carminati Eugenio , Van der Lelij Roelant , Vignaroli Gianluca , Viola Giulio
Published: March 2023

The central Apennines are a fold-thrust belt currently affected by post-orogenic extensional seismicity. To constrain the influence that the inherited thrust-related structures exert on the present seismic behavior of the belt, we provide the high-resolution structural and hydraulic characterization of one of the most external exposed thrust fault systems of the central Apennines, the Sibillini Mts. Thrust Front (STF). We integrate structural mapping, multiscale structural analysis, and in situ air permeability on the brittle structural facies of the thrust zone. We also performed K-Ar dating of selected fault rocks to better constrain structural inheritance. The STF is defined by a complex, ∼300-m-thick deformation zone involving Meso-Cenozoic marl and limestone that results from the accommodation of both seismic and aseismic slip during shortening. Permeability measurements indicate that the low permeability (10−2 ÷ 10−3 D) of the marly rich host rock diminishes within the thrust zone, where the principal slip surfaces and associated S-C structures represent efficient hydraulic barriers (permeability down to ∼3 × 10−10 D) to sub-vertical fluid flow. Field data and K-Ar dating indicate that the STF began its evolution ca. 7 Ma (early Messinian). We suggest that the studied thrust zone may represent a barrier for the upward migration of deep fluids at the hypocentral depth of present-day extensional earthquakes. We also speculate on the influence that similar deformation zones may have at depth on the overall regional seismotectonic pattern by causing transient fluid overpressures and, possibly, triggering cyclic extensional earthquakes on normal faults prone to slip while crosscutting the earlier thrust zones (as per a classic fault valve behavior). This mechanism may have controlled the origin of the 2016−2017 central Apennines devastating earthquakes.
Influence of Supercritical Water on the Composition and Distribution of Microelements in Resins, Asphaltenes, Kerogens, and Rocks of Tatarstan Domanik Deposits of Different Lithological Types
Authors: Nasyrova Z. R. , Kayukova G. P. , Gareev B. I. , Eskin A. A. , Vakhin A. V.
Published: March 2023

A comparative study of changes in the microelemental composition and distribution in resins, asphaltenes, and kerogens from Tatarstan Domanik rocks, occurring under the action of supercritical water (SCW) at 374°С and a pressure of 22–24 MPa, was made. The samples studied belong to different lithological types; they were taken from carbonate–siliceous deposits of the Romashkino and Tavel oilfields and from carbonate deposits of the Bavly oilfield. The specific features of distribution of different microelements (MEs) in rocks and rock organic matter (OM) components were revealed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The major MEs are Fe > Ti > Ni > Zn > V > Cr > Cu with the concentrations from 100 to 8600 ppm. The total ME content of rocks from these deposits is 1.14, 0.23, and 0.38%, respectively. The ME content of resins and asphaltenes does not exceed 0.3 and 2%, respectively. The highest ME content, 8%, is observed in kerogens. The carbonate–siliceous rocks from different deposits with Сorg 7.07 and 1.90% differ from the carbonate rock with low Сorg (0.33%) in that the ME concentration in them is maximal. On the other hand, the ME content of resins and asphaltenes from the carbonate rocks is higher compared to the carbonate–siliceous rock samples. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, As, Se, Pb, and Bi in kerogens of all the types decrease under the action of SCW. In the transformed resins and asphaltenes from carbonate–siliceous rocks, the V and Ni concentrations appreciably decrease, whereas in kerogens their concentrations do not change noticeably. The demetalation processes lead to the ME redistribution between the OM components and mineral surface of the rocks.
Lactobacillus rhamnosusendocarditis associated with dental procedure in a patient with Marfan’s variant and prior aortic root replacement
Authors: Hovan Michael , Mandler Ari
Published: March 2023

A man in his 60s with a medical history of Marfan’s variant with remote valve sparing aortic root replacement presented for evaluation of subacute fevers, chills and night sweats. He had no significant preceding history other than a dental cleaning performed with antibiotic prophylaxis. Blood cultures grewLactobacillus rhamnosuswhich was susceptible to penicillin and linezolid but resistant to meropenem and vancomycin. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed an aortic leaflet vegetation with chronic moderate aortic regurgitation but no reduction in his ejection fraction. He was discharged home and treated with gentamicin and penicillin G, initially with adequate response. However, he was subsequently readmitted for persistent fevers, chills, weight loss and dizziness, found to have multiple acute strokes secondary to septic thromboemboli. He underwent definitive aortic valve replacement with excised tissue confirming infective endocarditis.
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma with brain metastases
Authors: Law Ngie Chang , Lomma Christopher
Published: March 2023

Brain metastases are rare for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The incidence of brain metastasis may increase as improved systemic treatment regimens improve overall survival. Given the low incidence of brain metastasis, recognition of disease and management remain a challenge. We report three cases of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma with brain metastases, review the literature and discuss its management principles.
ANALYSIS OF TRITROPHIC INTERACTION WITH VOLATILE COMPOUNDS IN PLANTS WITH FRACTAL–FRACTIONAL CAPUTO OPERATOR
Authors: MAHMOOD TARIQ , AL-DUAIS FUAD S. , SAMI ADNAN , SUN MEI
Published: March 2023

This paper is devoted to the study of the dynamical behavior of the tritrophic interaction amongst plants, herbivores and carnivores mathematical model, expressed by three nonlinear ordinary differential equations under fractal–fractional derivative in the Caputo sense. We use fixed point theory to ensure that one solution exists to the proposed model. In addition, Hyers–Ulam’s stability analysis is studied by using theorem of functional analysis. For the numerical solution, we apply the fractional Adams–Bashforth iterative technique. For arbitrary fractional order and fractal dimensions, we study the dynamical and chaotic behavior of the obtained results for the considered model. Using Matlab 16, the system is then solved to get the required numerical solution for the proposed system. From the numerical simulations, we observed that the decay in fractional order dynamics of the system is stabilized when the amplitude of the oscillations becomes smaller.
COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF FINANCIAL SYSTEM VIA A NEW FRACTAL–FRACTIONAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL
Authors: CUI TING , LIU PEIJIANG
Published: March 2023

The emergent global economy depends on financial growth. Social and economic development is achieved by a stable, growing, and secure financial chain system. Financial instability poses huge financial inflation and economic decline. The financial crisis and the turbulence of the finance market also result in deterministic instability. This fluctuation during the financial operation may also critically affect the development of the economic system and other sociological and financial stabilities. For the chaotic behavior of the finance system, the mathematical formulation is developed along with controlling terms in this paper. Fitting the controlling parameters, the financial model can be made secure and safe from periodic behavior and will run in chaotic conditions. At the first attempt, the dynamical system and the controlling parameters are adjusted through assigned values and their ranges. Second, the impact of these parameters is studied along with the feasible techniques by graphical representations. The said financial dynamics are investigated in the sense of fractal–fractional derivatives. The concept of Ulam–Hyers stability is also developed for the considered model.
A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON THE FRACTIONAL FUZZY CONTROLLED EVOLUTION EQUATION
Authors: SALEEM NAEEM , SHAFQAT RAMSHA , GEORGE RENY , HUSSAIN AZHAR , YASEEN MUHAMMAD
Published: March 2023

This paper designates two important properties of the existence-uniqueness of the mild solution for a fractional controlled fuzzy evolution equation involving the Caputo-derivative by using nonlocal conditions, where [Formula: see text], and it is formulated as [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a strongly continuous fuzzy semigroup’s generator. Furthermore, many numerical solutions have been presented to ensure that key results are accurate and reliable. Finally, an example about fuzzy fractional evolution equations is presented.
Concretionary cementation of a Scottish Middle Jurassic sandstone by hot, Paleocene fluids: a clumped isotope study
Authors: Paxton Richmal B. , Andrews Julian E. , Dennis Paul F. , Marca Alina D. , Holmden Chris
Published: March 2023

This study focuses on new clumped isotope data from concretionary calcite cements in the Middle Jurassic Valtos Sandstone Formation (Great Estuarine Group) of the Inner Hebrides. Clumped isotopes show that concretion cementation began at 45 ± 6°C increasing to temperatures in excess of 70°C before cooling slightly to 57 ± 7°C at the concretion margin. In the early stages of cementation, calculated

δ

18
O
FLUID
values were
c.
−12‰ VSMOW, identical to an estimate of Paleocene Hebridean meteoric water based on hydrothermal reactions close to Paleocene igneous centres. These

δ

18
O
FLUID
values imply that concretion cementation started in the Paleocene probably during the earliest stages of phreato-magmatic effusive igneous activity. As the concretion grew, temperature changes were accompanied by progressively evolving

δ

18
O
FLUID
compositions up to +2.1 ± 1.1‰ VMOW. These evolving

δ

18
O
FLUID
compositions were caused by isotope exchange reactions between
18
O-rich lithologies and hot basinal fluids migrating upward along faults. This fluid flow was driven by progressive crustal loading from the thickening Paleocene lava pile, which also caused sandstone compaction. Published radiometric dates that constrain the emplacement time of the Skye Lava Group, and its subsequent rapid erosion, suggest that concretion formation and final compaction was completed in no more than 2.6 myr, far more rapidly than modelled previously. Initial concretion growth that predates development of volcanic topography shows that the strongly negative compositions of Hebridean Paleocene meteoric water are mainly of latitudinal rather than orographic origin.

Supplementary material:
Clumped isotope data correction and uncertainties, sample details and additional figures are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6459860
A Robust Learning Framework for Smart Grids in Defense Against False-Data Injection Attacks
Authors: Miao Zhuoyi , Yu Jun
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of the application of smart grids in different sectors, security management has become a major concern due to cyber attack risks. Correctly and accurately estimating the real status of a smart grid under false-data injection attacks (FDIAs) is currently an emerging concern. In response to that concern, this work proposes a distributed robust learning framework for the inference of the working status under data integrity attacks. The proposed paradigm incorporates the technology median-of-means that enables identifying the correct state against various kinds of FDIAs that can efficiently prevent misleading information during the decision-making process in control centers. Compared with existing defense methods, our method is entirely data driven without training data, highly accurate, and reliable for wide-spectrum FDIAs. More important, it is capable of defending large-scale power electronic networks due to its distributed learning framework. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our approach can provide efficient protection for Photovoltaic (PV) systems from FDIAs.
Protein and nonprotein targets of ubiquitin modification
Authors: Ikeda Fumiyo
Published: March 2023

Ubiquitin regulates a wide variety of biological functions by modifying diverse substrates, via many different conjugation types. Classically, the C-terminus of ubiquitin conjugates to protein substrates via an isopeptide or peptide bond. Recent studies revealed that ubiquitin can form an atypical oxyester bond, which can target protein and even nonproteinaceous substrates, including sugars and lipids. How nonprotein ubiquitination affects substrate and cellular functions is incompletely understood. This review covers recent discoveries in ubiquitination and its potential impacts on biology.
Molecular principles of tissue invasion and metastasis
Authors: Sulekha Suresh Dhanisha , Guruvayoorappan Chandrasekharan
Published: March 2023

Cancer-associated metastasis is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Yet, its underlying biological mechanism remains poorly understood. Efforts to prevent or delay metastasis require a deep understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. However, continued advancement in cancer biology research has improved the comprehensive understanding of some of the molecular keystones of the dissemination process. However, the emergence of new paradigms in the study of metastasis intuitively recognizes the involvement of genetics, epigenetics, extrinsic traits, and tumor microenvironment in metastatic initiation, progression, and colonization. On their way to the target site, the disseminated tumor cells interact with multiplex of proteins and cells. Identification of mechanisms underlying metastatic program is crucial for developing effective and efficient therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss details about recent advancements in the field of metastasis and organotropism, also highlights the role of genetics, epigenetics, exosomes, circadian rhythm, microbiome, integrins, and other adhesion molecules, and chemokines in the regulation of metastatic events.