bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guidance to post-mortem collection and storage of biological specimens for the diagnosis of Covid-19 infection
Authors: D'Aleo Francesco , Arghittu Milena , Bandi Claudio , Conte Marco , Creti Roberta , Farina Claudio
Published: August 2020

The following document is based on the current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 and the related disease (COVID-19). The Italian Institute of Health (ISS) is monitoring the virus spread throughout the country through daily reports sent by individual regions and regional reference laboratories. The diagnosis of infection is based on the use of standardized and validated molecular tests for the search for viral RNA in different sets of biological samples, from patients suspected of having contracted the infection. This document provides a specific guidance for the collection and storage of biological samples from deceased persons. It also provides recommendations on safety practices to be adopted during both collection and handling of specimens, and during autopsy procedures. With regard autopsy, it is recommended to follow the procedures for the execution of diagnostic findings in patients died with SARS-CoV-2 infection issued by ISS Working Group on Causes of Death from COVID-19, published on March 27, 2020.
Today’s improvement in asthma treatment: role of MART and Easyhaler
Authors: Di Marco Fabiano
Published: August 2020

Asthma affects more than 330 million people worldwide, but many analyses have shown that there are still a lot of unmet needs for both patients and physicians in the treatment of asthma: poor adherence to treatment is one of the main causes of sub-optimal clinical results. Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (MART) with the combination of formoterol and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) has an established scientific rationale and demonstrated to reduce asthma exacerbations. The aim of this review is to highlight how in asthmatic patients MART can be able to express its maximum therapeutic potential when administered through an ‘ideal inhaler’. Since the treatment may be necessary several times a day, the use of a single combination inhaler simplifies the management, potentially improving adherence; moreover, easiness of use and comfort in administration of asthma treatment devices are not secondary aspects. Asthmatic patients are often young, with a normal relational and working life and they could request for a comfortable and not too noticeable device. Finally to the “ideal inhaler” is requested to guarantee accuracy, dose consistency, and resistance to stress conditions. Easyhaler® more closely demonstrates many expected characteristics: effective, consistent performance regardless of inspiration rate, stability, versatility, with several patient acceptability advantages. Asthma control is enhanced by a strong adherence obtained through the combination in a single inhaler of both maintenance and reliever therapy and the availability of a device as close as possible to the characteristics of the ideal inhaler.
The cubic Schrödinger regime of the Landau–Lifshitz equation with a strong easy-axis anisotropy
Authors: de Laire André , Gravejat Philippe
Published: August 2020

We pursue our work on the asymptotic regimes of the Landau–Lifshitz equation. We put the focus on the cubic Schrödinger equation, which is known to describe the dynamics of uniaxial ferromagnets in a regime of strong easy-axis anisotropy. In any dimension, we rigorously prove this claim for solutions with sufficient regularity. In this regime, we additionally classify the one-dimensional solitons of the Landau–Lifshitz equation and quantify their convergence towards the solitons of the one-dimensional cubic Schrödinger equation.

Our proof is based on a nonlinear rewriting of the Landau–Lifshitz equation for uniaxial ferromagnets as a nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This latter equation turns out to be consistent with the cubic Schrödinger equation in a regime of strong easy-axis anisotropy. We rely on this consistency to perform suitable energy estimates and then control the difference between the solutions of the two equations.
AUTOESTIMA Y ACOSO ESCOLAR EN EDUCACIÓN MEDIA PÚBLICA Y PRIVADA DE LIMA METROPOLITANA
Authors: Briones-Zambrano Freddy Gabriel
Published: August 2020

La autoestima es un conjunto de percepciones, pensamientos, evaluaciones, sentimientos y tendencias de comportamientos dirigidos hacia uno mismo, según Maslow es la que se manifiesta "en el respeto que le merecemos a otros, más que el renombre, la celebridad y la adulación”. Por otro lado, el acoso es un comportamiento agresivo y no deseado en niños, adolescentes en etapas escolares que involucra un desequilibrio de poder que se repite con el tiempo tanto en acosados como acosadores. Se efectúa esta investigación para determinar si existen diferencias significativas entre el nivel de autoestima y el acoso escolar en estudiantes del 5to año de secundaria de Lima Metropolitana según la edad cronológica, sexo e institución educativa pública o privada. El método utilizado fue hipotético, analítico y deductivo, con un tipo de investigación básica, diseño no experimental, nivel descriptivo correlacional, enfoque cuantitativo, y corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 300 estudiantes, con una muestra censal divida en 75 estudiantes para cada una de las 4 instituciones educativas. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos, Inventario de Autoestima de Coopersmith (1967) adaptado por Llerena (1995) y la Evaluación del Bullying (INSEBULL) de Avilés y Elices (2007), con una alta confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach de 0.90 y 0.95, respectivamente obteniendo como resultado. Los estudiantes en un 75% de alguna manera se ven afectados con acoso y el 25% un nivel medio de afectación de acoso y baja autoestima, siendo esta investigación una herramienta útil para la vigilancia en cuanto a prevención de estas dificultades en estudiantes.

Palabras claves: Acoso escolar, adolescentes, autoestima, instituciones educativas, secundarias.
Application of Fuzzy Controller for Improvement of Power Quality using UPQC
Authors: , M Sonia Kundeti Krishna Rao
Published: August 2020

Generally, one of the custom power device in FACTS called unified power quality conditioner, which is used
to compensate the voltage and current-related Power Quality issues in the distribution systems. The
proposed UPQC technology have an advantage of reduced dc-link voltage without compromising its
compensation capability. This new method also helps to meet the requirement of dc-link voltage for the shunt
and series active filters of the UPQC. This type of topology has a capacitor in series with the interfacing
inductor across the shunt active filter for filtering purpose, and the system neutral is also considered and
directly connected to neutral of distribution system avoid the requirement of the fourth leg in the voltage
source inverter. This paper also presents a concept for improving power quality of a power distribution
system such as an FUZZY logic controller along with the UPQC control strategy. The simulation results are
compared for both conventional PI controller and FUZZY controller.
Exploiting PERL for Micro-RNA Target Identification: A Potential Drug Site for COVID-19
Authors: Subhojyoti Chatterjee, Jagriti Chatterjee
Published: August 2020

The functioning of gene expression or ribonucleic acid (RNA) silencing is governed by microRNA also known
as miRNA. It is a small non-coding RNA molecule which finds its existence in animals, viruses, or plants. The
large part of miRNAs is found to be transcribed from DNA sequences to form primary miRNAs followed by the
processing of the precursor miRNAs and mature miRNAs. The miRNAs interconnect with their target genes in
an effective manner which is dependent on factors like sub-cellular location of miRNAs, the availability of
miRNAs and target miRNAs along with their interaction affinities, as seen in case of Severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Together with its involvement in normal functioning of eukaryotic
cells, microRNA deregulation is associated with cancer, i.e., chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Therefore,
microRNA target identification becomes important to unwind the relationship between microRNA deregulation
and human diseases, thereby paving a path for structure-baseddrug discovery. Towards that direction, we
have attempted to use the platform of PERL programming (a user-friendly and dynamic language to easily
process and manipulate long sequences), to detect the microRNA target sites in genomic sequences, thereby
trying to suppress the expression level for prognosis.
Letter from the Editors: Special Issue on “Responsibilities of Educators in International Business”
Authors: Bird Allan , Panina Daria , Newburry William
Published: August 2020

Working in cooperation with the AIB Teaching and Education Shared Interest Group and the Consortium for Undergraduate International Business Education, this focused issue of AIB Insights seeks to flesh out the contours of responsible IB education and promote a dialogue about enhancing the quality of IB education through an acceptance of greater accountability. The eight articles in the issue help us to better understand the responsibilities of educators in international business, while also proscribing actions we can pursue to achieve this important goal.
Depoimento Maria Helena Rolim Capelato
Authors: Capelato Maria Helena Rolim
Published: August 2020

Depoimento Maria Helena Rolim Capelato
A ANPHLAC e as perspectivas e potencialidades do uso da internet para o desenvolvimento e divulgação dos estudos sobre a História das Américas no Brasil
Authors: Amador Gil Antonio Carlos
Published: August 2020

A ANPHLAC e as perspectivas e potencialidades do uso da internet para o desenvolvimento e divulgação dos estudos sobre a História das Américas no Brasil
Balada da discórdia: o relacionamento entre brancos e índios na poesia de Manuel González Prada – Peru (Séc. XIX)
Authors: Neiva Ruth Cavalcante
Published: August 2020

No cenário da segunda metade do século XIX, o intelectual Manuel González Prada pensou a respeito do lugar do indígena e a conduta moral do “homem branco” na sociedade peruana. Para examinar essa questão, elegemos a reflexão de quatro baladas que fizeram um reconhecimento da “humanidade do índio” e representaram o modelo de relação entre indígenas e brancos na perspectiva do imaginário do autor. São elas: La hija del curaca; El chasqui; El mitayo; e Los tres. Esses poemas foram marcados pela confrontação de brancos versus índios. A partir da análise da obra Baladas, acreditamos que González Prada concebeu o Peru como um Estado que ainda não poderia ser interpretado como sendo uma nação. Pensar sobre tal problemática é o propósito deste artigo.
Luis Alberto Sánchez e os significados do latino-americanismo
Authors: Pinheiro Marcos Sorrilha
Published: August 2020

Analisando a história do pensamento latino-americano é possível reconhecer a existência de uma linhagem de atores políticos que, ao longo de suas trajetórias, defenderam a existência de um sentido nacional para a América Latina. Tal trajetória pode ser entendida como uma espécie de tradição e será por nós chamada de latino-americanismo. Dentre os vários nomes que se apresentam como representantes desta tradição latino-americanista destacamos a figura do importante intelectual peruano Luis Alberto Sánchez (1900-1994). Sánchez fez parte de uma geração que lutou por ideais latino-americanistas e formulou uma linha de atuação política norteada pela mesma. Ao analisarmos o pensamento de Luis Alberto Sánchez pretendemos aprofundar nossa compreensão a respeito do latino-americanismo e estudar algumas características fundamentais desta tradição, ao mesmo tempo em que poderemos delimitar como Sánchez se encaixa na mesma.
“Pátria ou morte”: crise e sobrevivência do regime revolucionário cubano nos anos 90
Authors: Brito Julian Araujo
Published: August 2020

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as condições da sobrevivência do regime político cubano a partir do fim da guerra fria, durante o chamado “Período Especial”. O desmoronamento do campo socialista entre 1989 e 1991 certamente representou uma inflexão nos rumos da Revolução Cubana, precipitando uma crise econômica de grandes proporções, que poderia colocar em risco a própria continuidade do regime revolucionário. No entanto este conseguiu sobreviver, sob as mais difíceis condições internas e externas ao seu momento mais crítico desde sua origem em 1959. Ainda que um plano de reformas econômicas, e em menor medida políticas, fosse considerado, os fatores que explicam esta sobrevivência, entre outros, estariam ligados ao apelo nacionalista do regime cubano como fonte de legitimação política (frente às pressões dos EUA e à crise do socialismo), juntamente com a manutenção das conquistas sociais alcançadas.
As relações Estados Unidos-Arábia Saudita e a Questão da Palestina (1945-1948)
Authors: Salgado Neto Luiz
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as relações entre Estados Unidos e Arábia Saudita em meio às discussões sobre a Questão da Palestina entre 1945 e 1948. Busca-se apreender como o movimento sionista constituiu-se como um problema de política externa para os Estados Unidos em um momento em que Washington buscava consolidar parcerias com os países árabes visando objetivos políticos, econômicos e militares no Oriente Médio. Pretende-se, acima de tudo, analisar de que forma a Questão da Palestina e o sionismo criaram dificuldades nas relações entre os Estados Unidos e a monarquia saudita.
Reflexões epistemológicas sobre uma relação: o cinema argentino & as memórias da ditadura militar
Authors: Gomes Salatiel Ribeiro
Published: August 2020

No presente artigo, lançamos mão de alguns pressupostos da relação filme-história-memória para tecer uma reflexão de cunho epistemológico sobre o valor político do cinema, tomando como objeto a cinematografia argentina que trata a memória da última ditadura militar, abordando seu discurso, sua linguagem cinematográfica e seus diferentes posicionamentos nos embates que marcam aquela sociedade. Na oportunidade, fazemos uma breve discussão sobre os conceitos de memória e sobre as possibilidades metodológicas que servem à leitura dos filmes pelos estudos históricos.
O tribunal revolucionário como tribuna política em Cuba: uma análise dos casos “Marquitos” e “Ordoqui”
Authors: Prado Giliard da Silva
Published: August 2020

Este artigo aborda dois casos representativos da política de expurgos praticada pelo governo cubano contra indivíduos que pertenceram às fileiras revolucionárias, mas que, por terem sido vistos pelo líder da Revolução como obstáculos ou ameaças a seu poder foram rotulados de “contrarrevolucionários” e “traidores da pátria” e submetidos aos tribunais revolucionários. Por meio de uma análise bibliográfica e de fontes relativas aos processos judiciais, este trabalho demonstra que os casos “Marquitos” e “Ordoqui” estavam interligados e consistiram em uma investida de Fidel Castro com o intuito de anular o poder político de dirigentes revolucionários cubanos que usufruíam de grande prestígio junto à União Soviética. Demonstra ainda que os tribunais revolucionários desempenharam também a função de uma tribuna política, evidenciando a insustentável aparência de legalidade jurídica que se pretendeu dar a julgamentos onde o que estava em jogo eram as condutas dos revolucionários e sua lealdade ao líder da Revolução.
Rivalidades históricas: la imagen de Brasil en la prensa ilustrada porteña a finales del siglo XIX
Authors: Sosa Vota María Silvina
Published: August 2020

El último cuarto del siglo XIX fue un espacio de tiempo en el cual los Estados nacionales en América Latina hicieron un gran esfuerzo de consolidación, momento que coincidió con una fuerte disputa simbólica en torno a las identidades nacionales. El escenario internacional será de fundamental importancia a la hora de consolidar esas identidades y será objetivo de este trabajo pensar esta cuestión a partir de los imaginarios sobre Brasil en Argentina, partiendo de la idea de que Brasil se presentaba una alteridad que, en contraste, permitiría afirmar una idea de lo propio. La prensa ilustrada será un espacio en el que se plasmarán las ideas e imaginarios que circulaban. El Mosquito de Buenos Aires, uno de los periódicos de crítica y sátira política en el cual la imagen ocupaba un espacio central, será la fuente principal del trabajo que pretende analizar las formas de representación de Brasil en las caricaturas, focalizando en las connotaciones culturales de esas representaciones y los movimientos políticos que alentaron al caricaturista a interpretar la realidad y plasmarla de esa manera en particular.
A literatura sob fogo cruzado: o “Romance da Revolução Mexicana” e a construção de uma “cultura revolucionária”
Authors: Gomes Warley Alves , Andrade Carolline Martins
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo pretende analisar a relação entre literatura e política no México nas primeiras décadas pós-revolucionárias (1920-1930). A partir dos romances Los de abajo (1915), La sombra del caudillo (1929) e Cartucho (1931), busca-se relacionar a procura por modelos literários e obras aos interesses de intelectuais e da nova elite política pós-revolucionária que, através da cultura e de medidas reformistas, construiu uma ideologia política que se tornou hegemônica durante boa parte do século XX mexicano. Também, procura-se mostrar a tensão e o conflito de interesses entre os escritores e os agentes do Estado mexicano, sendo que muitas vezes a literatura foi utilizada como crítica aos agentes de poder.
A Afro-Latino América em perspectiva comparada
Authors: Guedes Caroline Santos
Published: August 2020

SECRETO, María Verónica e GOMES, Flávio dos Santos. (ORGS.) Territórios ao Sul: escravidão, escritas e fronteiras coloniais e pós-coloniais na América. -  1ª ed. – Rio de Janeiro: 7 letras, 2017.
Cuba, a Tricontinental e o Movimento Negro estadunidense: algumas reflexões sobre os caminhos da solidariedade (1966-1974)
Authors: Generoso Lidia Maria de Abreu , De Resende Taciana Almeida Garrido
Published: August 2020

Resumo: A Organização de Solidariedade dos povos de África, Ásia e América Latina (OSPAAAL), criada em 1966 e sediada em Havana, certamente contribuiu para intensificar as conexões que floresciam entre a Revolução Cubana e os Movimentos Negros estadunidense ao longo das décadas de 1960 e 1970. A revista Tricontinental –  porta-voz da organização – publicou resoluções, cartazes, capas, entrevistas, discursos e artigos, divulgando as lutas por libertação negra nos EUA ao redor do globo. O governo cubano, por sua vez, adotava uma política externa enfática no apoio às pautas antirracistas no plano internacional e, ao mesmo tempo, cerceava o debate sobre as relações raciais no interior da ilha. Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender de que modo se estabeleceram as conexões, redes e itinerários descritos acima, analisar as principais estratégias políticas e discursivas adotadas por esses grupos e, enfim, refletir acerca dos desafios da construção da solidariedade internacional.Palavras-chave: Cuba; Movimento Negro; revista Tricontinental.
Revisitando uma biografia: um bate - papo com Fidel Castro
Authors: Alves da Silva Uelma
Published: August 2020

RAMONET, Ignacio. Fidel Castro: biografia a duas vozes. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2016. 620p.
La Grafomotricidad y su efecto en la Preescritura en niños de cinco años de Educación Inicial
Authors: Saldaña Rios Saldaña Rios , Chávez Epiquén Abdías , Olano Del Castillo Reyna
Published: August 2020

El objetivo fue, determinar el efecto de la grafomotricidad en la pre escritura en niños de cinco años de la Institución Educativa Inicial N° 424 de Jesús María – Manantay – Coronel Portillo 2018. El desarrollo de la investigación consistió en un estudio de tipo aplicada, cuya profundidad alcanzó un nivel explicativo, de diseño pre experimental con un solo grupo de trabajo, con pre test y pos test. La técnica fue la evaluación y el instrumento la lista de cotejo basada en la observación participante. Se aplicó el método científico de investigación y el método inductivo deductivo. Se conform la muestra por 30 niños de cinco años. El resultado, en la evaluación de pre test el 80% se encontró en el nivel de inicio de la pre escritura, con una media aritmética de 8,83. En la evaluación del pos test, el 80% alcanzó el nivel de logro previsto, con una media aritmética 16.63. La prueba de hipótesis con el estadístico de la T de Student arrojó un nivel de significancia = (0) menor 0,05 nivel establecido para la hipótesis. Se concluyó que, la grafomotricidad tiene un efecto positivo en la pre escritura en niños de cinco años de edad de la Institución Educativa Inicial N° 424 de Jesús María - Manantay - Coronel Portillo 2018.
El tradicional Tuken Shawi en los estudiantes del Nivel Primario en la Institución Educativa N°62212 del Centro Poblado de Sabaloyacu Provincia de Alto Amazonas.
Authors: Ortega Chavez Wilmer , Cosme Solano Lida Maribel , Baneo Rucoba Sexto Runer
Published: August 2020

La investigación parte de la siguiente interrogante ¿Cuáles son las características de la fiesta tradicional del Tuken Shawi en los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa N°62212 del Centro Poblado de Sabaloyacu? El objetivo fue: Describir las características de la fiesta tradicional del Tuken Shawi en los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa N°62212 del Centro Poblado de Sabaloyacu. Provincia de Alto Amazonas.

La investigación por su tipo fue no experimental, por su nivel, descriptiva, por su finalidad fue básica, el diseño fue descriptivo simple, tuvo una población de 37 estudiantes y la muestra fue de 16 estudiantes del nivel primario de la Institución Educativa N°62212 del Centro Poblado de Sabaloyacu, el muestreo estadístico, aleatoria simple. se usó la técnica de observación y como instrumento la guía de observación.

La conclusión fue que la característica del tradicional tuken Shawi, es una festividad que inicia el último domingo del mes de febrero, los pobladores danzan alrededor de un árbol (humisha), cuyos pasos imitan, principalmente a las aves y monos, mientras beben: wena, shi´shui, Mamai´ y Cayawi´ii; amenizado con instrumentos como: la yupana, tuntún, kunkun pinante, los organizadores son: el tuken wa´anen, Tuken wa´anen, (mayordomo) Waan apu (líder de la comunidad) el teniente alcalde y agente municipal con apoyo de todos los moradores del lugar.
Relevansi Fatwa Mazhab Syafi’i Tentang Kufu Dalam Nikah Terhadap Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI)
Authors: Bashori Hasan , Sembodo Cipto
Published: August 2020

This article aims to examine the fatwa of kufu from the famous Shafi'i school and its relevance to the marriage regulations in Indonesia, specifically the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). This library research also uses fatwa comparisons between schools and comparison between laws and regulations to obtain data. In Islamic law, it is not permissible to prevent marriage just because of different kufu. The kufu law is excluded in terms of religion because it can bring household into disharmony. This, in the end, turned out to be recognized both in the fatwa of Shafi'i schools and KHI.
De nouvelles perspectives pour les applications des méthodes électromagnétiques basse fréquence en archéologie
Authors: Simon François-Xavier , Guillemoteau Julien , Hulin Guillaume , Rimpot Joachim , Thiesson Julien , Tabbagh Alain
Published: August 2020

La méthode électromagnétique basse fréquence (ou EMI pour ElectroMagnetic Induction), située à la croisée des méthodes magnétique, électrique et radar, offre de nombreuses possibilités de développement mais subit également d’importantes contraintes techniques. Malgré des développements instrumentaux initiés dans les années 60, son utilisation a longtemps été limitée en archéologie à la cartographie de la conductivité électrique apparente et/ou de la susceptibilité magnétique soit sur des surfaces restreintes soit avec des stratégies à large maille. Depuis la fin des années 2000, du fait de leur application en science du sol, les méthodes EMI se sont plus largement diffusées. Les appareils mono-fréquence et mono-récepteur ont ouvert la voie à des appareils multi-récepteurs et multi-fréquences avec des perspectives très larges en termes de caractérisation spatiale 3D des structures cartographiées comme d’analyse des propriétés physiques des sols. Le développement de systèmes tractés et automatisés a permis à cette méthode de trouver une place dans l’archéologie du paysage. Ce progrès technique, qui s’est traduit par une quantité importante de données a prévalu sur un travail théorique approfondi illustré aujourd’hui par l’inversion de données et l’analyse des sensibilités aux différentes propriétés géophysiques qui ouvrent de larges perspectives. Nous évoquerons les limites instrumentales auxquelles ces applications doivent faire face mais sont souvent négligées par les utilisateurs de ces méthodes. Nous présenterons également le résultat de modélisations 1D et 3D.
Circulation des objets et élaboration des relations dans les cérémonies du nord de la Kanaky Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: Monnerie Denis
Published: August 2020

Au nord de la Grande Terre de Kanaky Nouvelle-Calédonie (Océanie), d'amples cérémonies, élaborent périodiquement les relations sociales et au monde. Elles sont des institutions du monde kanak pouvant mobiliser des centaines de personnes. Ce sont principalement des cérémonies du cycle de vie des personnes et des cérémonies entre des entités localisées. Un modèle anthropologique qui fait ressortir l'ensemble des dynamiques de ces cérémonies et met en avant le concept d'ensemble cérémoniel permet de dégager quelques-uns de leurs principes. L'un d'eux est, dans un cadre dyadique, la mise en œuvre de transferts et circulations d'objets spécifiques, toujours synchronisés avec des discours cérémoniels, qui tressent et nouent les relations. Ceci permet de suggérer les contrastes entre cette approche et certaines théories des échanges et des rituels. Dans ce texte, ce modèle est mis à contribution pour réfléchir à la place des objets cérémoniels à travers leurs circulations, leurs significations, les articulations aux discours et aux relations qu'ensemble ils élaborent pendant le déroulement de ces cérémonies.
Entre le courage et la peur : politisation et dépolitisation du peuple athénien
Authors: Gallego Juliàn
Published: August 2020

L’article analyse la prise de décision à l’assemblée athénienne à partir de quelques remarques de Thucydide. L’auteur signale l’importance accordée au courage comme une condition subjective du peuple inhérente à la délibération selon le vocabulaire utilisé, ce qui implique de considérer des éléments à la fois rationnels et émotionnels dans la configuration des discours persuasifs ainsi que dans l’interaction entre les orateurs et le public. Sur cette base, le rôle actif des citoyens à l’assemblée est considéré en le comparant à la performance des spectateurs au théâtre. Enfin, les effets de la disparition du courage et de son remplacement par la peur sur la pensée à l’assemblée sont étudiés à partir de ce dont témoigne Thucydide concernant le coup d’État oligarchique de 411
Playing with Batavians. Games as an educational tool for a Romano more vivere
Authors: Pace Alessandro
Published: August 2020

Recent research has underlined how games can serve as powerful tools for the creation of new social spaces, bridging different ethnic and cultural groups, both in the present and in the past. The scope of this paper is to explore whether games can offer new insights into that process of cultural co-optation that brought in contact the Roman world and the various ethnic groups that were progressively absorbed into Rome's orbit following its political and military expansion. In Roman Britannia, the presence of typically Roman game devices at sites that were occupied by the auxilia is key to understand certain aspects of the process of Romanization. These testimonies reveal how, during their years of military service, non-Roman soldiers had the opportunity to come into contact with customs and habits of the romano more vivere. Among such practices, an important role was played by game.
Job Satisfaction among Employees in the Government Sector: A Case of Ministry of Manpower Inspectors
Authors:   Sohar University, Al Rawahi Talal
Published: August 2020

Purpose of the study: The objective of the research is to examine the relationship between the factors – nature of the job, working condition, motivation, career growth and job satisfaction of labour inspectors in the Ministry of manpower in the Sultanate of Oman. Design/Methodology: The study includes all the inspectors working in the different Human Resources Department branches of the ministry of manpower in Oman. 147 respondents from all the 269 inspectors working in the ministry were selected and the data was collected using a questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. Non-probability sampling technique was used for sample selection based on their job position, knowledge and the effective relationship of the inspectors. Findings: The result of the research was that there was a statistically significant relationship between the nature of work and job satisfaction; the significant relationship between working conditions and job satisfaction and significant relationship between career growth and job satisfaction. But there was no statistically significant relationship between motivations and job satisfaction. It was also observed that the Ministry of Manpower fully insures the risks of these jobs. Further, increased attention is being paid to the working condition needs of inspectors, including rental cars and clothing appropriate to the sites, providing incentives, free scholarships and training inside and outside the country to ensure inspectors are satisfied with their work. Research Implications: This research reinforces the theoretical framework of the importance of job satisfaction between work and inspectors of the Ministry of Manpower through studying the dependent variables that affect the level of job performance to enable inspectors to increase their efficiency and productivity of work. Practical Implications: Through this research, job satisfaction has been identified with the labour inspectors at the Ministry of Manpower, and the proposals that have been made that serve the Ministry of Manpower in improving the level of job satisfaction through taking study recommendations. Originality: There was no study was conducted before in the sultanate of Oman in relates to satisfaction of Labour Inspectors. Keywords: Job satisfaction, Labour Inspectors, Ministry of Manpower, Ministry of Labour, Working Conditions, Motivation, Career Growth.
The Social and Environmental Impact of Hybrid Cars
Authors:   Middle East College, Asim Nadia , Al Bimani Adnan ,   Middle East College, Al Saqri Ahmed ,   Middle East College, Martiano Maria ,   Middle East College
Published: August 2020

Purpose of the study: The objective of this research was aiming at understanding the effect of hybrid cars on the environment. The research was also aimed at proposing a government policy that must be implemented to regulate the usage of hybrid vehicles. Design/Methodology: An analysis of the hybrid cars was carried out along with evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of said vehicles from the perspective of customers, support and maintenance. The study was based on a product substitute, introduced to replace vehicles that run on gasoline, with a hybrid of electric and gasoline vehicles. Findings: The result after testing the vehicles and their components is that Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) does are indeed less harmful to the environment due to them consuming less gasoline. With increasing production of hybrid variants, batteries are being planned and designed in way that extends its life as well as provides the ability of recycling. This turns to be safer, healthier and also a money saver package, saving a fine amount spent on fuel. Research Implications: The researchers hope to achieve a clear understanding of the influence of hybrid cars on the environment and individuals, the way hybrid cars operate, its advantages and disadvantages, and the proposed government policy that will regulate the impact of hybrid cars on the environment. Originality: The study is of its first kind and no one has carried out such study ever before in Oman. Keywords: Hybrid cars, Green environment, Technology, Electric cars, Product substitute, Batteries.
Electrochemical Investigation of Under-Deposit Corrosion Behavior for Aluminum Brass in Artificial Seawater
Authors: Ju Hong , Xu Weihui , Chen Jiejing , Zhang Dalei , Liu Guomin , Duan Jinzhuo
Published: August 2020

The under-deposit corrosion behavior and mechanism of aluminum brass (HAl77-2) were investigated in artificial seawater with a custom double electrolytic cell. The experiments included linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and multielectrode arrays analysis. The electrochemical results revealed a pronounced effect of temperature on the under-deposit corrosion behavior of HAl77-2. The corrosion of HAl77-2 inside the CaCO3 scale is aggravated with increasing temperature. However, the increasing frequency of the corrosion rate of HAl77-2 gradually decreased after 333 K. Moreover, in the desalination of artificial seawater, the corrosion rate of HAl77-2 in the occulated area initially increased and subsequently decreased with increasing Cl− concentration. The scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry analysis showed a remarkable appearance of selective localized corrosion on the surface of HAl77-2.
Dimensões do governo colonial em Moçâmedes e suas conexões com o Brasil: trabalho, negócios e conflitos, 1840-1860
Authors: Oliveira Maria Luiza Ferreira
Published: August 2020

Este artigo mapeia conexões de homens, saberes e negócios entre Portugal, Angola e o Brasil nos anos de 1840 a 1860. Investigo a circulação dos saberes de produção de commodities, assim como pretendo esmiuçar as práticas da administração colonial, especialmente sobre as formas de arregimentação do trabalho (especializado e braçal) nesse momento dos cruzadores e dos tratados antitráfico. Busco ressaltar as tensões, embates e uma persistente resistência que operava de diversas formas, seja na recusa ao trabalho, na fuga, na luta institucional ou na guerra. O artigo tem quatro partes: na primeira, examino a circulação de ideias sobre a colonização militar nesse período; em seguida, procuro observar, no estabelecimento de Moçâmedes, as suas conexões com o Brasil; em uma terceira parte, estudo a fundamental presença dos trabalhadores libertos e escravos; e, por fim, trato das contínuas guerras travadas na região, sobretudo nos últimos anos da década de 1850. Ao longo do artigo, estão algumas trajetórias reveladoras de percursos atlânticos nos negócios e na administração colonial: indivíduos formados nas lutas políticas dos anos 1820-1830 que assumiam novos (velhos) papéis nos novos (velhos) tempos da colonização.
Motivos para a escolha da profissão, necessidades de formação e aspirações profissionais de professores de Educação Física
Authors: Zanotto Luana , Alves Fernando Donizete , Januário Carlos
Published: August 2020

Este artigo objetiva apresentar o processo de caracterização de professores de Educação Física em busca de referenciais para o desenho da formação continuada. Partiu-se da análise dos motivos para a escolha da profissão, da percepção de necessidades de formaçãoe das aspirações profissionais. Participaram 14 professores de um município do interior de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos pela aplicação de questionário e submetidos à construção de categorias analíticas. Os resultados demonstram: os motivos para a escolha da profissão foram majoritariamente sustentados por valores intrínsecos, representativos dos traços da personalidade; a percepção de necessidades de formação enfatiza as dificuldades, sobretudo, em demandas da prática pedagógica; as aspirações profissionaisindicam direções para o fortalecimento da identidade da disciplina. Mediante os processos de historicidade pessoal e profissional inerentes à análise, as recomendações se dão no sentido de explorar os contextos de vida e de profissão dos professores para proposição de ações de formação contextualizadas e diferenciadas.
O mar e o caiçara: a corrida de canoas como jogo tradicional e fortalecimento identitário
Authors: Silva Daniel Cobra , Zimmermann Ana Cristina , Saura Soraia Chung
Published: August 2020

Os caiçaras são populações litorâneas que tem sua cultura diretamente ligada ao mar. Suas práticas corporais possuem uma relação íntima com o espaço onde vivem. Este artigo apresenta dados de caráter qualitativo e se utiliza de uma metodologia fenomenológica, buscando observar a influência dos jogos tradicionais caiçaras na construção identitária destas comunidades. Para isso, são abordados pontos da formação, do desenvolvimento e do cotidiano caiçara, focando em algumas manifestações, como a corrida de canoas, e estabelecendo pontes entre as práticas corporais e a cultura caiçara por meio da fenomenologia da imagem. A relação com o mar aparece como principal elemento de representação das imagens da cultura caiçara e como um ambiente com o qual os indivíduos se identificam e se sentem parte. Os jogos tradicionais, à luz de outras manifestações, se configuram como possibilidade de remodelamento identitário e fortalecimento cultural.
Tendências internacionais na Educação Física colombiana: algumas apropriações
Authors: Eusse Karen Lorena Gil , Almeida Felipe Quintão de , Bracht Valter
Published: August 2020

Este artigo analisou a recepção, a partir dos anos 1970, de algumas perspectivas internacionais da Educação Física na Colômbia, representadas por nomes como Le Boulch, Parlebas, Cagigal, Kurt Meinel, etc. Metodologicamente, baseou-se no estudo sistemático das revistas “Educación Física y Deporte” e “Lúdica Pedagógica”, bem como na realização de 16 entrevistas com importantes personagens da Educação Física colombiana. Os resultados indicaram as apropriações realizadas, destacando seus impactos teóricos na área.
Changes in stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient after the 2018 Ambae eruption as seen by OMPS-LP and ECHAM5-HAM
Authors: Malinina Elizaveta , Rozanov Alexei , Niemeier Ulrike , Peglow Sandra , Arosio Carlo , Wrana Felix , Timmreck Claudia , von Savigny Christian , Burrows John P.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Stratospheric aerosols are an important component of the climate system. They not only change the radiative budget of the Earth but also play an essential role in ozone depletion. Most noticeable those effects are after volcanic eruptions when SO2 injected with the eruption reaches the stratosphere, oxidizes and forms stratospheric aerosol. There have been several studies, where a volcanic eruption plume and the associated radiative forcing were analyzed using climate models. Besides, volcanic eruptions were studied using the data from satellite measurements; however, studies combining both models and measurement data are rare. In this paper, we compared changes in the stratospheric aerosol loading after the 2018 Ambae eruption observed by satellite remote sensing measurements and by a global aerosol model. We use vertical profiles of aerosol extinction coefficient at 869 nm retrieved at IUP Bremen from OMPS-LP (Ozone Mapping and Profiling Suite – Limb Profiler) observations. Here, we present the retrieval algorithm as well as a comparison of the obtained profiles with those from SAGE III/ISS (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III onboard International Space Station). The observed differences are within 25 % for the most latitude bins, which indicates a reasonable quality of the retrieved limb aerosol extinction product. The volcanic plume evolution is investigated using both: monthly mean aerosol extinction coefficients and 10-day averaged data. The measurement results were compared with the model output from ECHAM5-HAM. In order to simulate the eruption accurately, we use SO2 injections estimates from OMPS and OMI for the first phase of eruption and TROPOMI for the second phase. Generally, the agreement between the vertical and geographical distribution of the aerosol extinction coefficient from OMPS-LP and ECHAM is quite remarkable, in particular, for the second phase. We attribute the good consistency between the model and the measurements to the precise estimation of injected SO2 mass and height as well as through nudging to ECMWF reanalysis data. Additionally, we compared the radiative forcing (RF) caused by the increase of the aerosol loading in the stratosphere after the eruption. After accounting for the uncertainties from different RF calculation methods, the RFs from ECHAM and OMPS-LP agree quite well. We estimate the tropical (20° N to 20° S) RF from the second Ambae eruption to be about −0.13 W/m2.
A compact, high-purity source of HONO validated by Fourier transform infrared and thermal-dissociation cavity ring-down spectroscopy
Authors: Gingerysty Nicholas J. , Osthoff Hans D.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. A well-characterized source of nitrous acid vapour (HONO) is essential for
accurate ambient air measurements by instruments requiring external
calibration. In this work, a compact HONO source is described in which gas
streams containing dilute concentrations of HONO are generated by flowing
hydrochloric acid (HCl) vapour emanating from a permeation tube over
continuously agitated dry sodium nitrite (NaNO2) heated to 50 ∘C. Mixing ratios of HONO and potential by-products
including NO, NO2, and nitrosyl chloride (ClNO) were quantified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermal-dissociation cavity ring-down spectroscopy (TD-CRDS). A key parameter is the concentration of HCl, which
needs to be kept small (<4 ppmv) to avoid ClNO formation. The
source produces gas streams containing HONO in air in >95 %
purity relative to other nitrogen oxides. The source output is rapidly
tuneable and stabilizes within 90 min. Combined with its small size and portability, this source is highly suitable for calibration of HONO
instruments in the field.
Fragmented Aurora-like Emissions (FAEs) as a new type of aurora-like phenomenon
Authors: Dreyer Joshua , Partamies Noora , Whiter Daniel , Ellingsen Pål G. , Baddeley Lisa , Buchert Stephan S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. This study analyses the observations of a new type of small-scale aurora-like feature, which is further referred to as Fragmented Aurora-like Emission(s) (FAEs). An all-sky camera captured these FAEs on three separate occasions in 2015 and 2017 at the Kjell-Henriksen Observatory near the arctic town of Longyearyben, Svalbard. A total of 305 FAE candidates were identified with varying degrees of certainty. They seem to appear in two categories – randomly occurring individual FAEs and wave-like structures with regular spacing between FAEs alongside auroral arcs. FAEs show horizontal sizes typically below 20 km, a lack of field-aligned emission extent and short lifetimes of less than a minute. Emissions were observed at the 557.7 nm line of atomic oxygen and at 673.0 nm (N2, first positive band system), but not at the 427.8 nm emission of N2+ or the 777.4 nm line of atomic oxygen. This suggests a limit to the energy of the generating mechanism. Their lack of field-aligned extent indicates a different generation mechanism than for aurora, which is caused by particle precipitation. Instead, these FAEs could be the result of excitation by thermal ionospheric electrons. FAE observations are seemingly accompanied by elevated electron temperatures between 110–120 km and increased ion temperatures at F-region altitudes. One possible explanation for this are Farley-Buneman instabilities of strong local currents. We provide an overview of the observations and discuss them as well as potential generation mechanisms in the present study.
Coastal processes modify projections of some climate-driven stressors in the California Current System
Authors: Siedlecki Samantha A. , Pilcher Darren , Howard Evan M. , Deutsch Curtis , MacCready Parker , Norton Emily L. , Frenzel Hartmut , Newton Jan , Feely Richard A. , Alin Simone R. , Klinger Terrie
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Global projections for ocean conditions in 2100 predict that the North Pacific will experience some of the largest changes. Coastal processes that drive variability in the region can alter these projected changes, but are poorly resolved by global coarse resolution models. We quantify the degree to which local processes modify biogeochemical changes in the eastern boundary California Current System (CCS) using multi-model regionally downscaled climate projections of multiple climate-associated stressors (temperature, O2, pH, Ω, and CO2). The downscaled projections predict changes consistent with the directional change from the global projections for the same emissions scenario. However, the magnitude and spatial variability of projected changes are modified in the downscaled projections for carbon variables. Future changes in pCO2 and surface Ω are amplified while changes in pH and upper 200 meter Ω are dampened relative to the projected change in global models. Within the CCS, differences in global and downscaled climate stressors are spatially variable, and the northern CCS experiences the most intense modification. These projected changes are consistent with source waters lower in oxygen, higher in nutrients, and in combination with solubility-driven changes, altered future upwelled waters in the CCS. The results presented here suggest coastal process resolving projections are necessary for adequate representation of the magnitude of projected change in pH and carbon stressors in the CCS.
Comparison of observed borehole temperatures in Antarctica with simulations using a forward model driven by climate model outputs covering the past millennium
Authors: Lyu Zhiqiang , Orsi Anais J. , Goosse Hugues
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The reconstructed surface-temperature time series from
boreholes in Antarctica have significantly contributed to our understanding
of multidecadal and centennial temperature changes and thus provide a good
way to evaluate the ability of climate models to reproduce low-frequency
climate variability. However, up to now, there has not been any systematic
model–data comparison based on temperature from boreholes at a regional or
local scale in Antarctica. Here, we discuss two different ways to perform
such a comparison using borehole measurements and the corresponding
reconstructions of surface temperature at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide, Larissa, Mill Island, and Styx Glacier in Antarctica. The standard
approach is to compare the surface temperature simulated by the climate
model at the grid cell closest to each site with the reconstructions in the
time domain derived from the borehole temperature observations. Although
some characteristics of the reconstructions, for instance the nonuniform
smoothing, limit to some extent the model–data comparison, several robust
features can be evaluated. In addition, a more direct model–data comparison
based on the temperature measured in the boreholes is conducted using a
forward model that simulates explicitly the subsurface temperature profiles
when driven with climate model outputs. This comparison in the depth domain
is not only generally consistent with observations made in the time domain but also
provides information that cannot easily be inferred from the comparison in
the time domain. The major results from these comparisons are used to derive
metrics that can be applied for future model–data comparison. We also
describe the spatial representativity of the sites chosen for the metrics.
The long-term cooling trend in West Antarctica from 1000 to 1600 CE
(−1.0 ∘C) is generally reproduced by the models but often with a
weaker amplitude. The 19th century cooling in the Antarctic Peninsula (−0.94 ∘C) is not reproduced by any of the models, which tend to show
warming instead. The trend over the last 50 years is generally well
reproduced in West Antarctica and at Larissa (Antarctic Peninsula) but
overestimated at other sites. The wide range of simulated trends indicates
the importance of internal variability in the observed trends and shows the
value of model–data comparison to investigate the response to forcings.