bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description of the Characteristic Soil Profiles and
Indication of the Degree of Sheet Erosion in Verpelét
Authors: Dobos Anna , Hegyi Tamás Péter , Bujtor Dániel László , Tolnai Zsófia , Hegyi Balázs
Published: January 2025

In the administrative area of Verpelét settlement, we
excavated 22 soil profiles in July and August of 2014 to show what
soil types build up the area, as well as the extent of soil
erosion in each profile. The description of the soil profiles was
carried out based on the methods of the FAO (2006) and Novák’s
Soil Practicality (2013). In the study area, we found chernozem
brown forest soils (Chernozems), alluvial meadow soils
(Fluvisols), humous sandy soils (Arenosols), humous alluvial soils
(Fluvisols), meadow chernozem soils (Chernozems), Ramann brown
forest soils (Cambisols), and brown forest soils with clay
illuviation (Luvisols). We examined the sheet erosion in the
vicinity of Verpelét using three methods: (1) GIS method
considering slope category values, (2) examining the
geomorphological character of the environment around the soil
profiles, and (3) determining the sheet erosion within the
specific soil profiles using the methods of Kerényi (1991) and
Kerényi and Martonné Erdős (1994). The first method did not
indicate any erosion-prone areas in the Verpelét vicinity;
however, we were able to detect greater soil erosion in the
excavated soil profiles. Using the second method, 32% of the
excavated soil profiles were strongly eroded, 36% were moderately
eroded, 4.5% were weakly eroded, and 27.5% showed accumulation
conditions. However, our third method, which focused on specific
soil profiles, indicated that 32% of the excavated soil profiles
were strongly eroded, 63.5% were moderately eroded, and only 4.5%
were weakly eroded. The question arises as to what causes this
significant difference between the various methods, and where the
significant sheet erosion in the examined profiles in Verpelét
actually originates from. In order to investigate this question,
we examined the 1st, 2nd, 3rd Military Survey Maps, the
topographic map from 1990, the CLC18 satellite imagery and the
2023 version of Google Earth. The previously forested areas on
these maps were already characterized by extensive arable land,
and later by arable and vineyard areas. Today, Verpelét has become
predominantly an actively cultivated agricultural landscape.
Therefore, the significant sheet erosion can be attributed to the
spread of inappropriate land use methods and significant
anthropogenic impacts (β-euhemerobic level).
The Relationship Between the Ecological Network and the Water
System in the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Kutnyánszky Virág , Auda Ammar , Szilvácsku Zsolt Miklós
Published: January 2025

In our research we dealt with the relationship between the
water system (including both the groundwater bodies and the
surface waters), the ecological network and land use. Our primary
goal was to compare the agricultural suitability to conservation
areas, which can provide a framework for sustainable land use in a
national-international scale. Our research took place in the
Carpathian basin, so that we could observe broader, more
comprehensive correlations between the researched aspects at the
water catchment area.
We explored the landscape and environmental features of the
Carpathian Basin and then analyzed them with the help of GIS
methods. We analyzed three different feature categories: the first
aspect was water presence and protection, the second was the
current land cover, and the third was the Natura 2000 network as a
habitat-system and biodiversity protection element. Data
collection was obstructed by the fact that the catchment-based
study area belongs to 9 countries, only a part of which are EU
member states, so we could not rely on EU databases (e.g. CORINE
land cover). Based on the available data, we performed GIS
analyses, which revealed the common values and dilemmas of the
three different aspects.
Based on our results, it was possible to define the areas that adapt to
the landscape function but are primarily suitable for cultivation
(either arable land, grassland or forestry), the habitats that are
sensitive from a natural point of view, and the transitional areas
located between them. Our results suggest that the management
between these two fields are not cooperating currently.
Agricultural land could play a significant role in the joint
development in the future, since these areas struggle with both
floods and droughts and also with maintaining biodiversity.
Termékfejlesztés és sikeresség
Authors: Zsótér Brigitta , Csízi Krisztina , Hampel György
Published: January 2025

Az igények kielégítésére szolgáló újabb és újabb megoldások
különböző termékek, szolgáltatások és folyamatok formájában
jelennek meg. Az új innovációk terjedésének felgyorsulása, amelyet
a technológiai fejlődés és piaci követelmények változása hajt, a
vállalatok innovációs kényszerében tükröződik. Felmérést
készítettünk főleg alapárukat étékesítő kereskedésekben
termékfejlesztési projektek sikerességéről fontosság-elégedettségi
mátrix felhasználásával. A fontossági és elégedettségi rangsorok
elemzése megmutatta, hogy a válaszadók alapvetően az árban és a
marketingben történő változásokat részesítik előnyben, amelyek az
eladhatóságot is javítanák. Ezeken felül biztató, hogy a
termékeket a további hét vizsgálati szempontból (szín, jelölés,
állag, eltarthatóság, súly, íz, csomagolás) pozitívan értékelték.
Vállalatok társadalmi felelősségvállalása – egy online
felmérés tükrében
Authors: Lendvai Edina , Krausz Ádám
Published: January 2025

A társadalmilag felelős magatartás több ezer éve része az
emberiségnek, az ezzel összefüggő üzleti gyakorlatot is több száz
éve ismerjük. A mai világban jellemző gazdasági fejlődés
következtében mára az üzleti világban hozott döntések
nagymértékben befolyásolják, illetve meghatározzák a helyi, a
regionális és a globális környezetét egy vállalatnak. A
kutatásaink során interjúkat készítettünk egy kisvállalkozóval,
valamint egy középvállalat képviselőjével, hogy megtudjuk,
mennyire létező fogalom a társadalmi vállalati felelősségvállalás
a magyar vállalkozások működésében. Emellett kérdőíves felmérés
során a hazai lakosság CSR-ral kapcsolatos véleményét, ismereteit
igyekeztünk megismerni. Rádöbbentünk, hogy nem csak a
tengerentúlon létezik a CSR-stratégia, előzetes várakozásainkat
felülmúlva már Magyarországon is egyre nagyobb hangsúlyt kap a
téma. A kérdőíves felmérésben részt vevők is megalapozták ezen
véleményünket, a kitöltők jelentős része találkozott már a CSR
fogalmával. A kiértékelés során egyértelművé vált, hogy a
CSR-tevékenységek alkalmazása nem csak a vállalatok számára
fontos, de a társadalom és a globális környezet szintén profitál
belőle.
Cold storage warehouse dynamics in India: Growth trends, regional disparities and Infrastructure gaps (2014-2023)
Authors: Pooja S A , Moghana L S , Mahendran K , Soundararajan R P , Amuthaselvi G
Published: January 2025

This study examines trends in the cold storage industry from 2014 to 2023, focusing on India within a global context. The global cold storage market is projected to reach $218.7 billion by 2026, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.7%. In India, the number of cold storage units increased from 6891 to 8653 during this periods, reflecting a CAGR of 2.13%, while storage capacity expanded at a CAGR 2.26%. The findings highlight significant regional disparities across India, with the Central region demonstrating the highest growth. Despite these advancements, considerable infrastructure gaps remain, particularly in the dairy (80% shortage) and fisheries (90% shortage) sectors, contributing significantly to post-harvest losses. The study emphasizes the importance of public-private partnerships, government incentives, and technological innovations to address these shortages. Strengthening cold storage infrastructure is crucial for reducing food wastage, improving supply chain efficiency, and bolstering food security. Key insights highlight the need for targeted investments in underdeveloped regions and underserved sectors to optimise the cold chain, reduce losses, and support India's agricultural productivity and economic growth.
Regional monitoring of insecticide resistance in brinjal fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée): A study of indoxacarb, spinosad and thiodicarb in Odisha
Authors: Bandana P , Manoj T K , Sajiya Q , Kabita S , Prachi P
Published: January 2025

The brinjal fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) represents a significant pest of Solanum melongena (brinjal), adversely affecting its productivity. Current management approaches rely heavily on chemical insecticides, a dependency that has facilitated the development of resistance in various regions. A study conducted between November 2021 and September 2022 utilized a topical bioassay method to assess resistance trends in populations collected from four districts in Odisha against the insecticides Indoxacarb, Spinosad, and Thiodicarb. The results indicated a progressive increase in resistance to Indoxacarb until May 2022, as evidenced by LD?? values ranging from 0.525 to 0.752 µg/µl across districts. Subsequently, a decline in LD?? values was observed, potentially attributable to population turnover or a reduction in selection pressure. These trends were reflected in the resistance ratio (RR??), which peaked in May 2022 and declined by September. Among the districts, the Bargarh population exhibited the highest resistance to Thiodicarb, with a 42.39-fold RR??, underscoring localized resistance evolution. This study highlights significant heterogeneity in susceptibility across regions, emphasizing the urgent need for a revision of current pest management practices. It advocates for the judicious use of novel insecticides and adjustments in the application rates of established chemicals like Thiodicarb. Such measures are essential to mitigate resistance development and ensure the sustained productivity of Solanum melongena.
Tight sandstone fluid detection technology based on multi-wave seismic data
Authors: Yutan Dou , Daxing Wang , Mengbo Zhang , Fei Li , Guanghong Du , Yonggang Wang , Yuhua Zhao , Feng Liu , Yan Huang , Jie Zhang , Xiaojie Cui , Ligang Huang , Jun Zhu
Published: January 2025

The SX area of the Ordos Basin in China is characterized by small thickness and considerable lateral variation of the reservoir, and high heterogeneity. It is difficult to identify gas and water by conventional P-wave seismic data without fully utilizing reservoir P-wave and S-wave information. Therefore, this study forms a series of seismic fluid detection technologies based on multi-wave seismic data, including the multi-wave “bright spot” feature analysis, multi-wave amplitude ratio technique, multi-wave amplitude versus offset analysis, multi-wave matched compression correlation analysis, and multi-wave pre-stack simultaneous inversion. The combined application of P- and S-waves facilitates visualized identification of fluids and improves the success rate of seismic prediction of underground gas-bearing features. The multi-wave interpretation technology series for low-permeability lithological gas reservoirs formed in this area has achieved a transformation from qualitative interpretation to quantitative prediction, and from lithological identification to fluid detection. These technologies have achieved significant geological results in the SX area.
Study on sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation – Lower Shihezi Formation in Da 17 well area of Daniudi gas field, Ordos Basin
Authors: Yang Chenyu , Yu Hang , Xie Hui , Peng Shunfeng , Tian Jiangfei , Gao Zhiwu , Luo Tian
Published: January 2025

The Daniudi gas field in the Ordos Basin is a significant area for developing tight sandstone gas reservoirs in China. This study focuses on the Permian Shanxi and Lower Shihezi formations in the Da 17 well area, analyzing sedimentary model through petrological characteristics, physical properties, pore characteristics, and lithofacies characteristics. Findings reveal that the Shanxi Formation belongs to the deltaic plain sedimentary environment, which is divided into distributary channel and inter-channel, and identifies the microfacies of the main distributary channel and the sub-distributary channel. The Lower Shihezi Formation exhibits braided channel sediments, dividing them into channel bar sediments and flood plain sediments, and identifying isolated channel microfacies and superimposed channel microfacies. Analysis shows that sedimentation has an impact on reservoir properties through particle size, lithological characteristics, and sedimentary microfacies. The main distributary channel and superimposed sandbars are favorable microfacies for the formation of gas reservoirs. The porosity of the main diversion channel ranges from 8 to 13%, and the permeability ranges from 0.3 to 0.6 × 10−3 m2. The porosity of the superimposed sandbar ranges from 8 to 15%, with a permeability of 0.3–2.2 × 10−3 m2. This study provides a theoretical foundation advancing tight sandstone gas development in the Daniudi gas field.
Graphitic carbon nitride hybrid thin films for energy conversion: A mini-review on defect activation with different materials
Authors: Acuña Leal Daniel A. , Santiago Ramírez Claudia R. , Ramos Delgado Norma A. , Shaji Sadasivan , Gracia Pinilla Miguel A.
Published: January 2025

In this mini-review, we address the properties of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) hybrid thin films and their application, with particular attention to the modification of their photocatalytic or photovoltaic properties by the addition of chalcogenide materials, layered semiconductors, or perovskites. The defect states that give rise to active sites for photocatalysis are studied and related to the modification with the different materials. Bulk defects provided by some configurations are also studied. Moreover, the appropriate changes with perovskite materials, or the addition of carbon nitride to perovskites, boost the efficiency and stability of the devices, a subject that is studied in this work. Specific mechanisms of passivation provided by carbon nitride on photovoltaic devices are explained.
Nanoparticles and the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Ziyu , Cao Weihua , Li Xinxin , Deng Wen , Jiang Tingting , Wang Shiyu , Yang Liu , Lin Yanjie , Bi Xiaoyue , Lu Yao , Xu Mengjiao , Zhang Lu , Yi Wei , Xie Yao , Li Minghui
Published: January 2025

Currently, liver cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with a low 5-year survival rate, which will further decrease if advanced metastasis is present. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main type. However, due to the lack of specific symptoms in the early stages, it is more difficult to detect HCC, and many patients would have already been diagnosed with advanced liver cancer. At this point, many treatment methods available at early diagnosis would have become ineffective. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective treatment methods for HCC. In recent years, nanoparticles have been used in the treatment of HCC due to their good biocompatibility and other advantages. Different types of nanoparticles are modified to play a role in the treatment of HCC, such as regulating tumor microenvironment, enhancing the activity of drug targeting and killing cancer cells, and reducing systemic side effects. It can significantly improve the therapeutic effect of HCC and bring more hope for the treatment of HCC. In this review, several common nanoparticles are introduced, and their characteristics are described in detail. In addition, the construction of a highly efficient drug delivery system by nanoparticles and the combination of nanoparticle-targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are reviewed.
Theoretical investigation and sensitivity analysis of non-Newtonian fluid during roll coating process by response surface methodology
Authors: Ali Fateh , Souayeh Basma , Hou Yanren , Usman Muhammad , Bhattacharyya Suvanjan , Sarfraz Muhammad
Published: January 2025

In the current investigation, we propose the analytical and numerical solutions of the Navier–Stokes equation for the reverse roll coating process (RRCP) using a bath of the Sisko fluid model (SFM). A suitable transformation is applied to the partial differential equation-based mathematical model of SFM-RRCP, resulting in a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The perturbation method has been employed to find the analytical solutions for velocity, flow rate, pressure gradient, pressure, and temperature distribution. The Newton–Raphson method has been used to find coating thickness. Furthermore, numerical integration has been applied to compute some mechanical quantities of interest, including power input and roll separation force. Sensitivity analysis is another approach implemented using response surface methods to examine the impacts of velocity ratio and non-Newtonian parameters on coating thickness, power input, and roll separating forces. The residual graphs and contour diagrams are also shown. It has been observed that as the value of non-Newtonian fluid parameters increases, the velocity profile decreases. However, the coating thickness on the web is a decreasing function. Further, it has been observed that separation points moved toward the nip region when the value of the velocity ratio was raised. Moreover, the sensitivity of roll separating forces and power input to input parameters is negative.
¿Por qué los juristas deben estudiar Filosofía del Derecho?
Authors: Vigo Rodolfo Luis
Published: January 2025

Se examina la importancia de que los juristas comprendan y estudien filosofía del derecho, destacando su particular relevancia en el contexto de un Estado de Derecho Constitucional. Argumenta que el derecho positivo, sin una reflexión filosófica, se vuelve insuficiente para enfrentar cuestiones éticas y de justicia, especialmente ante desafíos como los derechos humanos y las decisiones judiciales en el ámbito constitucional. La manera en que la formación jurídica actual en el ámbito del civil law tiende a enfocarse en el conocimiento técnico-científico del derecho codificado, dejando de lado a la filosofía jurídica, lo cual trae serias consecuencias en la capacidad de los juristas para entender profundamente el concepto de justicia y su aplicación. Asimismo, se cuestiona los alcances del positivismo jurídico y el cientificismo que, históricamente, han tratado de separar la ciencia jurídica de la moral y la filosofía. De esta forma se sostiene que, en la obra crítica de autores como Alexy, Dworkin y Finnis prevalece un particular énfasis en los principios éticos y morales como ejes fundamentales en la interpretación del derecho, de manera que, la filosofía del derecho permite a los juristas abordar cuestiones éticas y de legitimidad que el positivismo ignora. Finalmente, se concluye con un llamado a integrar la filosofía en la formación y práctica jurídica.
Justicia Zaldivariana
Authors: Vázquez Sánchez Omar
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo se reflexiona sobre la concepción de la justicia y del derecho del ex presidente de la Suprema Corte, Arturo Zaldívar. Particularmente, se describen una serie de acontecimientos que transformaron la vida pública de nuestro país -así, por ejemplo, se da cuenta tanto de la reforma constitucional de derechos humanos de 2011 como de la elección presidencial del 2018 en la que resultó triunfador Andrés Manuel López Obrador-, con ello se intenta mostrar que, si bien es cierto la filosofía judicial zaldivariana se puede explicar a partir de algunos compromisos teórico-metodológicos que afirma al respecto el ex presidente de la SCJN, también lo es que dichos compromisos sólo pueden ser entendidos en un contexto social, político y jurídico determinado que, de algún modo, impactó y, tal vez, condicionó (o al menos favoreció) la conformación del “credo judicial” de Arturo Zaldívar.
Reinserción Social basada en Aperturas
Authors: Tello Ibarra Jordan Vladimir
Published: January 2025

El marco legal mexicano ha transitado hacia políticas penitenciarias buscando: primero, la regeneración (1917-1965), luego la readaptación (1965-2008) y más recientemente la reinserción social de las personas privadas de su libertad (2011 a la fecha). Ese objetivo no se ha logrado porque tampoco existen indicadores para evaluar el desempeño de las cárceles una vez que las personas recuperan su libertad ¿la libertad, per se, representa una reinserción social efectiva? La cárcel actúa en el presente del individuo durante su encierro penal, invisibilizando los posibles antecedentes de exclusión social y el futuro poco prometedor producto del estigma y las barreras burocráticas para su acceso a derechos sociales. El presente artículo analiza el actual modelo de reinserción social y propone, desde la teoría del reconocimiento de la justicia social, una adecuación de la actuación penitenciaria a partir del trabajo en aperturas: affidamentos, afincamientos y afinidades.
Diphenoxylate Toxicity in a Young Child with Acute Gastroenteritis: A Clinical Case Report
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, Manan Muhammad Romail , Nawaz Iqra ,   Faculty of Medicine, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Zulaid Ahmad ,   Faculty of Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Afzal Muhammad Usama ,   Faculty of Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Atif Muhammad ,   Faculty of Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, Huzaifa Muhammad ,   Faculty of Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, Fayyaz Anosha ,   Faculty of Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: January 2025

Lomotil (diphenoxylate-atropine) toxicity in the pediatric population remains a significant concern particularly in low and lower middle-income countries. This may result from accidental ingestion or inappropriate therapeutic administration which can lead to life threatening complications including respiratory and central nervous system depression.
A 2-year-old child presented to the pediatric emergency room in an altered state of consciousness. Clinical examination revealed dry mucous membranes, and a prolonged capillary refill time with weak radial pulses. Keeping in view the one-day history of 10-12 episodes of acute onset loose, watery stools, patient was initially treated as a case of hypovolemic shock. With rehydration therapy, his perfusion improved. However, the Glasgow Coma Scale score remained 8, as was observed on initial presentation. Upon further probing, it was revealed by the parents that the child had been given Lomotil by a local general practitioner for unresolved watery diarrhea. Pinpoint pupils and slow shallow vesicular breathing confirmed this diagnosis of Lomotil overdose. Administration of 0.1mg/kg/dose Naloxone repeated once, completely reversed the toxic effects. The child was able to make a full recovery and was discharged the following day.
This case highlights the importance of recognizing and managing diphenoxylate toxicity in children, emphasizing the need for increased clinical awareness. A lack of consensus regarding the toxic dose of this drug reveals a gap warranting further research and establishment of standardized guidelines to ensure accurate dosing and improved patient safety.
Land use changes and their impact on groundwater vulnerability's spatio-temporal conditions
Authors: Kintoro Fachrurizal Sai , Adji Tjahyo Nugroho , Widyastuti Margaretha
Published: January 2025

Bantul Regency, located on Java Island, is one of the areas in Indonesia with abundant groundwater sources, thus experiencing rapid urban growth. The hazard of groundwater vulnerability in this area has increased due to urban expansion that coevals with changes in land use and human population growth. The objective of this study was to analyze how groundwater vulnerability has changed due to land use conditions and what impact those changes have had. Because of the various variables associated with urban growth, the sub-districts of Bantul and Bambanglipuro were explicitly chosen as research areas. This study compared groundwater vulnerability and land use between 2009 and 2021 in a spatiotemporal manner. The vulnerability determination method used is the Susceptibility Index (SI), which consists of the parameters depth of groundwater table, groundwater recharge, aquifer media, topography, and land use. Each parameter is processed into an index of groundwater vulnerability by scoring and weighting methods. Techniques for descriptive comparative analysis are employed to ascertain how changes in land use will affect the degree of groundwater vulnerability. The results of the land use classification show that the agroforestry area has decreased while the semi-urban area has increased in 2009 and 2021. The sub-district of Bambanglipuro underwent numerous changes. On the other hand, it is known that medium and high vulnerability levels dominate groundwater vulnerability. In this instance, it is concluded that variations in land use have impacted how groundwater vulnerability levels are distributed.
Improving physical properties of Ultisol and maize yield using coconut shell biochar and Leucaena compost
Authors: Endriani  , Listyarini Diah , Farni Yulfita
Published: January 2025

Ultisol is generally characterized by a high clay content in the argillic horizon, easy compaction, slow permeability, and unstable aggregates, resulting in low total porosity. Organic soil amendments such as compost and biochar can be used to improve soil organic matter, aggregate stability, and other physical properties of Ultisol. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized block design to assess the potential effects of Leucaena compost (LC) and coconut shell biochar (CB) on the physical properties of Ultisol and maize yield. The treatments included combinations of compost (0, 5, and 10 t/ha), biochar (0, 5, and 10 t/ha), and inorganic fertilizer (50% and 100% of the recommended dose). The results showed that the application of Leucaena compost and coconut shell biochar improved the physical properties of the soil. Compost and/or biochar applications at 10 t/ha enhanced soil organic matter, total porosity, aggregate formation, aggregate stability, pore size distribution, and reduced soil bulk density, improving maize growth and yield.
Trace metals in vegetable growing area, western region of central Thailand
Authors: Inboonchuay Tawatchai , Thongjoo Chaisit , Pongsivapai Pongpet
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the trace metal concentrations in the agricultural area on diverse soil parent materials in the western part of central, Thailand. The soils of 84 areas under vegetable cultivation were sampled. The results revealed that the median concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mo, and Zn are lower than that of the background concentration of heavy metals in Thailand based on the standard of the National Environment Board 2021, whereas the maximum concentrations of As and Cr in some soils were higher than the soil quality standard. Principal component analysis showed that clay, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr, and As were correlated with clay content in a positive way except for Cd. The general levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in edible parts of vegetables are within permissible limits for human food. The median concentration of As, Cd, Ni, and Pb in vegetables is higher than the WHO/FAO maximum permissible limits. Besides, the Fe, Mn, and Zn are most abundant in Chinese flowering cabbage. As, Cd, Ni, and Pb are more abundant in Chinese kale, Chinese cabbage, and cabbage. The maximum concentration of trace metals in some areas is of concern for both food safety and human health.
Study on removal of heavy metals (As, Pb) in agricultural soils using Bidens pilosa L.
Authors: Huynh An The , Chen Yi-Ching
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to assess the capacity of Bidens pilosa L. to absorb heavy metals, specifically arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), in contaminated soil environments, with the goal of laying a foundation for applying phytoremediation techniques to remediate agricultural soils polluted with heavy metals in Vietnam. The findings indicate that B. pilosa L. can thrive in soils contaminated with heavy metals at concentrations up to 700 mg/kg. Additionally, the absorption rates in the roots, stems, and leaves of B. pilosa L. were substantial. At a concentration of 700 mg/kg As, the absorption rates were 66.53% in roots, 20.45% in stems, and 13.03% in leaves. For Pb, at the same concentration, the absorption was 64.41% in roots, 21.27% in stems, and 14.32% in leaves. Moreover, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) further support the plant's potential. The BCF for As decreased from 0.123 at 0 mg/kg to 0.023 at 700 mg/kg, while the BCF for Pb showed a similar trend, ranging from 0.017 to 0.023 across increasing concentrations. The TF for As dropped from 1.202 at 100 mg/kg to 0.503 at 700 mg/kg, while the TF for Pb ranged from 0.959 to 0.552, indicating limited translocation of metals from roots to aerial parts at higher contamination levels. These results suggest that B. pilosa L. is a promising candidate for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with arsenic and lead, thanks to its ability to accumulate these metals predominantly in its roots, thereby limiting their movement to stems and leaves.
Evaluation of saline water intrusion along the coastal aquifers of Vadakara, Kerala, South India, using hydro geochemistry and GIS
Authors: Megha S B , Arun P R , Brijesh V K
Published: January 2025

The hydrogeochemical characteristics and evaluation of saline water intrusion of shallow groundwater in the coastal aquifers of Vadakara have been investigated using geochemical analysis and spatial interpolation techniques. Major ion analysis of groundwater samples was employed to identify saltwater intrusion status. The major ions dissolved in water are Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, HCO3, and SO4. Groundwater zones in coastal areas have to be delineated in terms of quality. To identify the origin of saline groundwater in the coastal reaches of Vadakara Taluk, Kozhikode district, Kerala, six different major ionic ratios viz. Na/Cl, (Ca+Mg)/CI, K/Cl, SO4/Cl, Na/Ca, and Ca/SO4 and Base Exchange Index (BEX) were computed from physio-chemical analysis of open wells in the study area. Groundwater aquifers, which have a direct connection to tide-influenced river stretches and the sea, are more susceptible to salinization due to seawater intrusion, according to the spatial representation of the ionic ratios.
Mapping landslide susceptibility in Enfraz to Addis Zemen area Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Wubalem Azemeraw , Getahun Belete , Hailemariam Yohannes , Mesele Alemu , Tesfaw Gashaw , Dawit Zerihun , Goshe Endalkachew
Published: January 2025

The study area (Enfraz to Addis Zemen) is located in northwestern Ethiopia, which frequently experiences landslides, causing damage to farmland, engineering structures, infrastructures, and villages, as well as animal and human fatalities. To manage this catastrophic hazard, a comprehensive GIS-based frequency ratio model (FR) was applied to produce a landslide susceptibility map. In this study, 134 landslides were identified from detailed fieldwork and Google Earth imagery analysis, split into 70% to develop the model and 30% for model validation. The relationship between landslide probability with landslide factor classes of lithology, annual mean rainfall, slope, aspect, curvature, elevation, distance to the river, and land use-land cover was analyzed in a GIS environment. FR model assigns weights to each factor class based on observed frequencies. These weighted factors were summed using a raster calculator to produce landslide susceptibility indexes (LSIs), which were classified into very low, low, moderate, high, and very high susceptibility classes using the natural break classification method. The model’s accuracy and performance were validated using the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC), which showed an AUC success rate of 92.2% and a predictive rate of 86.05%. These results confirm that the FR model is effective in landslide susceptibility modeling. The generated map can support decision-makers, urban planners, and researchers in land use planning, landslide mitigation strategies, and future research.
Mercury pollution in water, soil, and biota induced by artisanal gold mining: A case study from Ananea District, Puno, Peru
Authors: Huisa-Mamani Fidel , Arizaca-Avalos Americo , Llanque-Maquera Oscar Eloy
Published: January 2025

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) significantly contributes to global mercury pollution, posing serious environmental and health risks. This study assessed mercury contamination in the Ananea District, heavily impacted by ASGM activities. Mercury levels were measured in water, soil, and plant tissues using a Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA-80). Results showed water mercury concentrations ranging from 0.1169 mg/kg to 1.54 mg/kg, far exceeding the World Health Organization's safe limit of 0.001 mg/kg. Soil samples contained mercury levels between 0.0909 mg/kg and 22.49 mg/kg, surpassing typical uncontaminated soil levels. Plant tissues had mercury concentrations from 0.0909 mg/kg to 7.7467 mg/kg, indicating potential entry into the food chain. Elevated mercury levels closely correlate with proximity to mining and processing sites, highlighting ASGM's direct environmental impact. These findings align with global patterns observed in other ASGM regions. The study underscores the urgent need for mitigation strategies, including stronger regulations, promotion of mercury-free technologies, and community engagement to reduce mercury emissions and protect public health.
Geophysical methods reveal a subsurface historic wastewater tunnel exposed by a sinkhole: a case study in Bandung City, Indonesia
Authors: Parnadi Wahyudi Widyatmoko , Warsa Warsa , Nailufar Mira , Jubaedah Neng Endah , Ruchimat Acep
Published: January 2025

Bandung City, the capital of West Java Province in Indonesia, has changed its physical face rapidly due to the many constructions of office buildings, hotels, and other facilities until now. To avoid the instability of existing buildings and for building construction in the future, knowledge of the subsurface conditions in the city must be enhanced. A sudden soil collapse in the yard of the PAG Building occurred in early 2018 and resulted in a sinkhole with a diameter of 5 m, which revealed a historic wastewater tunnel structure in the subsurface. Non-invasive, low-cost, and time-effective geophysical methods to solve those problems are proposed. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), widely applied to identify artificial objects underground, came to be used for these purposes. A research to know the suitability of both methods for application began with numerical simulation, followed by field measurement on 4 GPR and ERT lines and analysis of each method. The results show that GPR data, through both numerical and field data,  could identify and locate the tunnel in a radargram due to its hyperbola shape, whereas ERT data provided the property contrast between the tunnel and its host. The results suggest that GPR and ERT techniques are effective for revealing water tunnels in the study area with a maximum depth of 1.8 m and a 65% reduction in size. These findings can be used as a guide to using both methods to reveal the water tunnel network in the central part of Bandung City for sustainable urban planning.
Community-based management of small reservoirs in an erosion-landslide-drought area in the dry tropical region of Kupang Regency
Authors: Punuf Defritus Aldrin , Sartohadi Junun , Setiawan M Anggri
Published: January 2025

A crucial component of water supply in arid tropical regions is the construction of small reservoirs. Interestingly, various problems arise in the construction and management of small reservoirs, so the role of small reservoirs in providing surface water is considered less than optimal. This study aimed to identify problems that cause the function of small reservoirs to be less than optimal and to provide direction for small reservoir management in dry tropical areas. The investigation was carried out in two primary stages: site analysis to identify issues with small reservoir usability and regional analysis to identify physical characteristics regionally. Determining small reservoir points was carried out using SPOT 6/7 imagery with a resolution of 1.5 m. Land system maps and morphometry were used to analyze the physical characteristics of the small reservoir site. Field surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted to identify the benefits and limiting factors in the construction of small reservoirs. The results revealed small reservoirs are found in locations with low altitudes (0-100 masl) and undulating terrain (8-15%). According to the findings, 95.3% of small reservoirs were still water-filled. However, many problems resulted in the suboptimal utilization of small reservoirs. Specifically, the problems faced were structural damage due to 1) erosion-landslides (74.77%),  2) sedimentation (33.64%), 3) seepage (7.48%), 4) embankment collapse (6.54%), and 5) leakage (2.80%). Most of the community does not utilize the small reservoirs due to the limited infrastructure. Pipes to distribute water are only available at around 46.73%, while water tanks are only 43.93%. Directions for future management are aimed at 1) adding infrastructure, 2) sediment management, and 3) community-based management.
El psicoanálisis en el campo del lenguaje y el discurso: Pêcheux y Lacan
Authors: Savio Karina
Published: January 2025

This article recovers the relationship between psychoanalysis and discourse analysis to review lines of study that the theory of the unconscious contributes to language studies. It stops at Pêcheux and explores the ways in which Lacan’s teachings are intertwined with his proposals. Then, it cuts out constitutive notions of the psychoanalyst’s saying: discourse, enunciation subject, signifier, meaning, lalangue and writing. From them, axes emerge to reflect on the discourse based on the incomplete logic and to problematize the way in which the real, relegated in discursive studies, operates in it.
Memes y noticias digitales sobre política: análisis multimodal
Authors: Chavarría Ortiz Wendy Cristina , Vergara Heidke Adrián Esteban , Cambronero Delgadillo Alejandro J.
Published: January 2025

This article presents the main results of the analysis of a corpus of politically-oriented memes and digital news. Its objective is to identify the most common structures and contents of the corpus. Analysis categories such as Bateman’s layers and Vergara’s image categories, and Daly and Unsworth’s logical-semantic relationships and others of our own were used. It is concluded that although some elements coincide in both genres, the logical-semantic relationships, the structures and the proportions of these components respond to the level of explicitness and to the communicative objective of each genre.
Knockdown of STAU1 inhibits inflammation and autophagy in in vitro chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model by regulating AMPK–mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Xie Rixi , Wang Fang
Published: January 2025

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation, airway obstruction, and lung damage, often triggered by cigarette smoke. Dysregulated autophagy and inflammation are key contributors to its progression. Although double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen homolog 1 (STAU1), a multifunctional protein primarily involved in mRNA transport and localization, is identified as a potential biomarker, its role in COPD pathogenesis remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of STAU1 knockdown on inflammation and autophagy in an in vitro COPD model. We found that STAU1 expression was significantly elevated in the in vitro COPD model. Knockdown of STAU1 led to a marked reduction in inflammation in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced non-tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Additionally, STAU1 knockdown suppressed autophagy in CSE-induced BEAS-2B cells. Mechanistically, it inhibited the activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase–mechanistic target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) pathway. In summary, STAU1 knockdown inhibits inflammation and autophagy by modulating the AMPK/mTOR axis. Targeting STAU1 could provide new avenues for the treatment of COPD.
Effect of sodium carbonate on nutritional composition and antioxidant activities of Indonesian Mesona Blume extract
Authors: Seah Romson , Siripongvutikorn Sunisa , Wichienchot Santad , Usawakesmanee Worapong
Published: January 2025

Mesona plant has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hepatic and colon disorders, and inflammation. China is the main producer of dried Mesona, but Indonesian Mesona is also popular, particularly in Thailand because of inexpensiveness and quality consistency. The nutritive values, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities of the Indonesian Mesona plant aqueous extracts from both with and without sodium carbonate (control) were determined. After separation, the supernatant and precipitated extracts were analyzed for antioxidant activities, such as 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results showed that the extracts from sample-added sodium carbonate yielded more crude protein, crude fat, and crude carbohydrate, compared to control extracts. Total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents of extract supernatants with and without sodium carbonate were higher than the precipitated extracts with and without treatment. Supernatant extract with and without sodium carbonate showed higher values of all tested antioxidant activities based on ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP, compared to the precipitate extracts. The IC50 values of ABTS DPPH, and FRAP found in the supernatants with and without sodium carbonate were 0.18±0.13, 0.27±0.17, and 0.13±0.02 mg/mL and 0.25±0.02, 0.14±0.06, and 0.20±0.09 mg/mL, respectively, while the values of precipitates were 0.47±0.06, 0.61±0.02, and 0.34±0.01 mg/mL and 0.73±0.03, 0.29±0.08, and 0.32±0.04 mg/mL, respcetively. Plant extraction with addition of sodium carbonate revealed good nutritional value, total polyphenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities. Adding sodium carbonate improved the extraction process, with a higher yield, several bioactive compounds, and biological activities.
Enhancement of oxidative stability and antioxidant potential of flaxseed oil with cinnamon extract
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Ahmad Khan Ammar , Rehman Abdul , Tahir Nadeem Muhammad , Tanweer Saira , Mir Khan Usman , Saeed Kanza , Bano Yasmeen , Alsulami Tawfiq , Sajid Saleem Faraz , Morya Sonia , Ghafar Saba , Miguel Rocha João , Zubair Khalid Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Oxidation in edible oils and fats is one of the main problems faced by the fat and oil industry. Using natural antioxidants is considered the preferred choice to minimize the application of synthetic antioxidants in food products. The present study was conducted to extract cinnamon extract and evaluate its antioxidant potential. The cinnamon extract was incorporated in flaxseed oil samples at different concentrations of 0.5, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25% (v/v) and compared with the control (with no addition of natural/synthetic antioxidant) and another sample with 0.1% (v/v) of synthetic antioxidant (butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT]). The antioxidant activity of the flaxseed oil added with cinnamon extract was carried out by DPPH and FRAP assay. The extraction method, time and temperature treatments, and solvent concentrations significantly affected cinnamon extracts’ proximate composition, DPPH, and FRAP activity. Cinnamon extract showed higher flavonoid and total phenolic contents, which led to higher antioxidant activity. Phenolic contents were observed at 313.61 ± 19.83 mg GAE/100 g acetone extract. The DPPH assay showed a significant observation of 84.58 ± 3.80%, while the FRAP assay was 143.82 ± 11.21 μmol/g. During 28 days of storage, there was a significant decrease in free fatty acids, peroxide, iodine, and thiobarbituric acid values for the treatments with higher concentrations of cinnamon extract as compared to the control. The T1 and T2, exhibited PV of 4.69 and 4.53 milli-equivalents (meq/kg), respectively. The maximum value of peroxide was detected in T0 (4.78 meq/kg) and the lowest in TBHT (3.50 meq/kg), followed by T3 (3.97 meq/kg), T4 (3.94 meq/kg) and T5 (3.89 meq/kg). As compared to T0 and TBHT, cinnamon extract was significant in reducing the peroxide value. T0 showed the highest iodine value (198.51 I2/100 g), while TBHT and T5 showed the lowest iodine values of 173.76 and 175.29 g of I2 / 100 g, respectively. Moreover, T1, T2, T3, and T4 showed iodine values of 194.34, 195.10, 179.78, and 177.42 g of I2/100 g, respectively. The results revealed that the TBA value of oil increases with the increase of the storage period. T0 showed the highest TBA value (6.95 mg MDA/kg) and T5 had the lowest TBA value (5.92 mg MDA/kg). The TBA values of T1, T2, and T3 were 6.87, 6.63, and 6.68 mg MDA/kg, respectively. Overall, the cinnamon extract improved the oxidative stability of flaxseed oil as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants with no harmful effects on human health.
Assessing the effects of homofermentative Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K25 and heterofermentative Limosilactobacillus fermentum 13-1 on the flavor and functional characteristics of fermented milk analyzed by metabolomics approach
Authors: Wu Jingwei , Zhang Min , Luo Tianqi , Liu Tongji , Ren Qingxia , Zhou Zengjia , Yang Zhennai , Aziz Tariq , Shami Ashwag , Al-Asmari Fahad , Fahad Alabbosh Khulood , El-Ghareeb Keshek Doaa
Published: January 2025

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a significant role in milk fermentation; however, the impact of different LAB fermentation types on the metabolic characteristics of fermented milk remains poorly understood. In this study, homofermentative Lactoplantibacillus plantarum K25 and heterofermentative Limosilactobacillus fermentum 13-1 were utilized in yogurt fermentation to produce fermented milk samples D-Lp and D-Lf, respectively, which were compared to the control yogurt sample (D) in terms of flavor and functional properties. Analysis revealed that strain K25 enhanced the production of milky aroma compounds such as 2,3-butanedione (8.82±1.13 ng/g) and hexanoic acid (28.94±1.39 ng/g), while strain 13-1 led to a decrease in 2,3-butanedione (0 ng/g) and acetoin (0 ng/g) levels along with an increase in the content of both acetic acid (23.58±1.99 ng/g) and ethanol (9.92±0.93 ng/g). Both strains demonstrated potential in reducing the bitterness of fermented milk by decreasing the levels of bitter amino acids and dipeptides in samples. Untargeted metabolomics analysis indicated that strain 13-1 induced more significant metabolic changes in fermented milk compared to strain K25. Both strains influenced various amino acid metabolisms, with strain K25 promoting lysine degradation and strain 13-1 enhancing tyrosine metabolism. Furthermore, an increase in different types of bioactive compounds was observed in different fermented milk samples. This study enhances our understanding of LAB strain metabolism in fermented milk.
PRODUCT LABELS AND ADVERTISING: Are consumers protected or misled?
Authors: Fantozzi Paolo , Garattini Silvio
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose solutions to issues related to food and product labels, as well as advertising, which are often overlooked or ignored. To illustrate these concerns, we will examine specific categories such as beverages, additives, dietary foods, food supplements, and medical device integrators in detail. Additionally, we will discuss particular eating habits, including Mediterranean and vegan diets, ultraprocessed food (UPF), along with emerging food types like insect-based products and cultivated meat. Since labels and product advertisements can unintentionally or intentionally mislead consumers, they pose potential risks to consumer health and well-being. We evaluate various challenges associated with labelling and advertising, offering practical recommendations and potential solutions.