bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bimetallic CoM-ZIF/CdS Photocatalyst Including Transition Metals(M) for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Kim Joo Hyun , Lee Yurim , An Chaehyun , Lee Sumin , Kim Jung Hyeun
Published: September 2024

Recently, due to energy shortages and environmental pollution caused by the continued use of fossil fuels, there is a growing need for renewable sources to replace fossil fuels. ZIF-67 has a porous structure, a large surface area, high thermal and chemical stability, and a narrow band gap, so it is highly useful as a photocatalyst. In this study, the CoM-ZIF/CdS photocatalyst based ZIF-67 was synthesized using a chemical precipitation method synthesis with four different substances: Ni, Zn, Sn, and Cu. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that leaf-like particles are formed, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer analysis confirmed that CdS exists on the surface, as further evidenced by X-ray diffractometer analysis. The wurtzite CdS found in the optimized sample is considered the source of the higher photocatalytic activity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy detects all the elements included in the photocatalyst, with prominent peaks of Cd and S on the surface. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to analyze light absorbance. The band gap changed with various transition metals because the transition metal alters the energy level of the conduction band. The CoNi-ZIF/CdS photocatalyst exhibited the highest hydrogen production rate of 1192.9 µmol/g/h, with high reproducibility. The heterojunction between Co-ZIF and CdS reduces recombination. In conclusion, the synthesis of the CoM-ZIF/CdS photocatalyst results in a photocatalyst with a narrow band gap and an efficient charge separation mechanism.
Pengaruh Minat Belajar dan Kedisiplinan Belajar Siswa Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika
Authors: Faisah Ela , Padilah Ella , Patras Yuyun Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

THE INFLUENCE OF LEARNING INTEREST AND STUDENT LEARNING DISCIPLINES ON MATHEMATICS LEARNING RESULTSThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of interest in learning (X1) on mathematics learning outcomes (Y), read the impact of student learning discipline (X2) on mathematics learning outcomes (Y), and investigate the effect of learning interest (X1) and learning discipline (X2) together on mathematics learning outcomes (Y). The research method used is quantitative with an ex post facto survey strategy. The sample size was 42 respondents selected by proportional random sampling technique from students of SD Negeri Ciseureuh and SD Negeri Loji Batulawang cluster, Cipanas sub-district, Cianjur district. This research will be implemented in the even semester of the 2021/2022 academic year. The instrument validity test uses the Person Product Moment correlation formula, and the reliability test uses the Cronbach Alpha formula. Test the data analysis requirements using normality and homogeneity tests. The results showed a positive and very significant relationship with a moderate strength of the relationship (r = 0.750 p 0.01) between the X1 variable and the Y variable. There was a positive and very significant relationship with a moderate relationship strength (r = 0.643 p 0 0.01) between variables X2 and variable Y. There is a positive and very significant relationship with moderate strength (r = 0.805 p 0.01) between variables X1 and X2 together with variable Y
Peningkatan Kreativitas Guru Melalui Penguatan Efektivitas Pelatihan, Literasi Digital, Dan Efikasi Diri
Authors: Kusyanti Ela , Hendarman Hendarman , Suhardi Eka
Published: September 2024

IMPROVING TEACHERS' CREATIVITY THROUGH TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS, DIGITAL LITERACY, AND SELF-EFFICACYThe development of the world of education today requires teachers to be more creative and innovative. The development of ideas or ideas and creative teacher learning behavior is an essential factor in achieving adequate educational outcomes. Creative teachers will impact the organization and change the work environment positively. This study aims to find ways to increase teacher creativity by analyzing the influence of other variables. Data analysis used structural equation modeling (SEM) by conducting two tests, namely, the evaluation of the measurement model and the evaluation of the structure model. The research results show that; (a) training effectiveness has a positive effect on teacher creativity with a path coefficient value of (βyx1=0.296), (b) digital literacy has a positive effect on teacher creativity with a path coefficient value of (βyx2=0.050), (c) self-efficacy has a positive effect on teacher creativity with a path coefficient value of (βyx3=0.553), (d) training effectiveness has a positive effect on self- efficacy with a path coefficient value of (βx3x1=0.394), (e) digital literacy has a positive effect on self-efficacy with a path coefficient value of ( βx3x2=0.267), (f) there is an indirect positive effect between the effectiveness of training on teacher creativity through self- efficacy of (βx31Y=0.218), and (g) there is an indirect positive effect between digital literacy on teacher creativity through self- efficacy of (βx31Y = 0.147) means that the results of the structural model evaluation show a positive influence between training effectiveness, digital literacy d and self-efficacy on teacher creativity.
The Equator Project Research School and Mentoring Network: Evaluated Interventions to Improve Equity in Geoscience Research
Authors: Dowey Natasha , Lawrence Anya , Raji Munira , Jackson Christopher , Williams Rebecca , Fernando Ben , Giles Sam , Barclay Jenni , Brotherson Louisa , Childs Ethny , Houghton Jacqueline , Khatwa Anjana , Mills Keely , Jameson George , Rockey Francisca , Rogers Steven , Souch Catherine
Published: September 2024

There is a well-documented racial and ethnic diversity crisis in Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences (GEES) subjects in the Global North that leads to inequities in who does environmental research. The Equator project set out to increase participation and retention of UK-domiciled Black, Asian and minority ethnic students in GEES research by developing evidence-based, ring-fenced, fully remunerated interventions. These interventions were co-created with and informed by the voices of students and professionals within the GEES community, following a Theory of Change-based, action research approach. The Equator Research School brought together 30 Black, Asian and minority ethnic students in GEES, and 12 academics, professionals and mentors, from across the UK for a 5-day residential workshop in April 2022. The Research School was designed to facilitate network-building, improve awareness of research careers, enhance confidence in continuing in research, and strengthen a sense of belonging in GEES research for participants. The Equator Mentoring Network, which took place from January to May 2022, facilitated networking between 10 Black, Asian and minority ethnic student mentees and 20 academic and industry mentors involved in GEES subject areas. The overall goal of the Mentoring Network was to increase retention of Black, Asian and minority ethnic students into postgraduate research and to improve their overall experience. Evaluation of these interventions took the form of surveys to capture thoughts and reflections before, during and after interventions. Participants in both interventions provided very positive feedback; the majority of those involved felt a stronger sense of belonging and inclusion in GEES research and were more likely to consider a research career after taking part. The evaluation process showed unequivocally that the ring-fenced, discipline-specific, fully funded nature of the interventions was a critical factor in participant involvement. The work led to the development of recommendations for creating successful interventions for improving participation and retention in research, as well as templates for future, related EDI activities.
2D simulation of temperature distribution within large-scale PEM electrolysis stack based on thermal conductivity measurements
Authors: Eichner Benedikt J. , Amiri Mahshid N. , Burheim Odne S. , Lamb Jacob J.
Published: September 2024

Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyser cells (PEMEC) are recognized as highly suitable for large-scale green hydrogen production from variable renewable sources. To enhance production rates in PEMECs, current densities have gradually increased, resulting in elevated heat generation within the electrolysis cells. Consequently, the consideration of thermal gradients within individual cells within the stacks becomes increasingly crucial. This study presents a 2D thermal numerical steady-state model of an industrial-sized PEMEC stack, predicting thermal gradients within the cells in both stacking direction and along the channels of the flow fields. Through-plane thermal conductivities were measured ex-situ for the titanium felt porous transport layer (PTL), Tion5-W PFSA membrane, and PEMEC catalyst layers (CLs). At a compaction pressure of 16 bar, the wet PTL exhibited a thermal conductivity of 2.7 ± 0.2 W m−1 K−1, the wet membrane of 0.31 ± 0.01 W m−1 K−1, and the wet CLs of 0.19 ± 0.03 W m−1 K−1. When modelled, thermal gradients of 16.5 ± 0.6 K in parallel flow and 17.6 ± 0.5 K in counter-flow were predicted within cells with a 1 m2 cell area, operating at 2 A cm−2. The counter-flow arrangement demonstrated a 0.2% advantage in voltage efficiency. An increase in current density to 3 A cm−2 resulted in a 10 K rise in thermal differences in both parallel and counter-flow conditions. However, the use of a sintered PTL reduced thermal gradients by approximately 3.7 K at 2 A cm−2. The simulation indicated a 20%–40% increase in maximal thermal gradients within the stack compared to models using lumped properties within the cells, emphasizing the significance of considering in-cell thermal gradients at the stack level.
Global research trends on the links between gut microbiota and radiotherapy: a bibliometric analysis (2004-2023)
Authors: Wang Shuyuan , Yuan Zhen , Gao Xiaohui , Wu Jiaxing , Ren Yifan , Yu Xiufeng , Li Jianxiong , Wei Wei
Published: September 2024

Background

There is a crosstalk between gut microbiota and radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to use bibliometric analysis to explore the research status and development trends of research on gut microbiota and radiotherapy.

Methods

A literature search regarding publications on gut microbiota and radiotherapy from 2004 to 2023 was retrieved. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to conduct the bibliometric analysis. The growth rate of publications, leading countries and institutions, preferred journals, top authors and co-cited authors, top co-cited references, keywords and citation were analyzed in this study.

Results

A total of 2821 papers were extracted. The number of papers has increased rapidly over the past decade, especially after 2017. The USA and China had the most publications and made great contributions to this field. The Chinese Academy of Sciences stood out as the institution with the highest number of publications, followed by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. The most influential authors were Fan Saijun and Li Yuan. PLoS One had the most publications and the most total citations. Highly cited papers and high-frequency keywords illustrated the current status and trends. Furthermore, analysis of keyword with burst revealed that immunotherapy, acid, intestinal barrier, therapy, immunotherapy, fecal microbiota transplantation, etc, are at the forefront of research in this area.

Conclusion

This study provides an overview of research on gut microbiota and radiotherapy, highlighting influential contributors, impactful publications, and emerging trends. Our finding suggests avenues for further exploration to improve clinical outcomes.
The presence of ACE2 and regulatory miRNAs (miR-200c-3p and miR-421-5p) in the saliva of periodontitis patients post-COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Bachtiar Boy M. , Haerani Natalina , Soeroso Yuniarti , Ismah Nada , Bachtiar Endang W.
Published: September 2024

The effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in individuals with periodontitis is crucial. This study evaluated the efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine in individuals with periodontitis who had been vaccinated at least 6 months earlier. Using real-time PCR, the association between the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and miRNA-200c-3p and miRNA-421-5p as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6) was examined in the saliva of moderate (G1, n = 10) and severe (G2, n = 10) periodontitis subjects. Participants without periodontitis were included as a control group. The transcription levels of soluble ACE2 and IL-6 were higher in periodontitis participants than in control participants, but within periodontitis groups, only IL-6 expression was higher in G2 than in G1. A positive strong correlation between ACE2 and IL-6 was only observed in the G2 group (p = 0.008). The expression of miR-200c-3p but not miR-421-5p was higher in periodontitis individuals. Their relationship was positive but a strong correlation was only observed in the G2 group. In all periodontitis groups, a strong inverse correlation was observed between the two microRNAs and ACE2. However, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that only the relationship between ACE2 and miR-4215p had potential as a biomarker for the efficacy of the mRNA vaccine, with areas under the ROC curve of 0.92 and 0.80 in the G1 and G2 groups, respectively. Our study revealed that active and non-active periodontitis conditions do not interfere with the efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine for at least 6 months post-vaccination. This suggests that in individuals with periodontitis, soluble ACE2 in the saliva may serve as a preliminary indicator of vaccine response.
The role of performance skills in German teacher education: empirical relations between general pedagogical knowledge, communication skills, and grades
Authors: Walz Kristina , Schwabe Ulrike , Braun Edith
Published: September 2024

This contribution explores empirical associations between general pedagogical knowledge (GPK), communication skills, and grades in initial teacher education. We assessed the GPK and communication skills of 105 student teachers in Germany, using a knowledge test and a performance-based assessment. Empirical results show a significant correlation between GPK and grades but not between communication skills and grades. GPK is associated with the number of semesters, while communication skills are associated with age. We discuss the learning objectives of initial teacher education in higher education in the light of our results.
Development of environmental performance and circular economy in the European Union countries: the case of “post-2004” members
Authors: Lacko Roman , Hajduová Zuzana , Dula Radúz
Published: September 2024

The study aims to compare the environmental efficiency within the group of European Union countries that joined the European Union in 2004 and later, and to identify the common circular economy determinants of efficiency. For this purpose, we performed Data Envelopment analysis and correlation analysis. We applied both constant and variable returns to scale models. Findings reveal that countries with a significant focus on services, particularly tourism, are more environmentally efficient. However, most countries are still heavily industry-oriented, with Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia being the least efficient. The study also highlights the need for significant efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Interestingly, a positive correlation was found between resource productivity and the circular materials used, suggesting the importance of circular economy tools in improving the environment. Despite having a higher material and consumption footprint, these countries still produce a relatively high product and relatively low CO2 emissions. Based on these analyses, we found regional differences and the need for setting cluster policies within the circular economy at the European Union level.
Prediction of the potential distribution area of Jacaranda mimosifolia in China under climate change using the MaxEnt model
Authors: Li Xiaomei , Zhang Guowu , Xie Chunping , Qiu Jianhuang , Liu Xuefeng
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Jacaranda mimosifolia, native to South America, is a notable ornamental tree widely used in Chinese urban landscaping due to its aesthetic and environmental value. Despite its popularity, the cultivation of J. mimosifolia in China faces challenges, including intermittent failures in various regions. This study assesses the potential distribution of J. mimosifolia in China and its response to climate change, providing insights for its application and promotion.

Methods

Using MaxEnt software, we developed an ecological niche model from 218 distribution records and selected 10 environmental variables to predict the tree’s distribution under various climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370).

Results

Our model demonstrates high predictive accuracy (AUC > 0.90) across scenarios, identifying key factors such as the mean temperature of the coldest quarter (bio11), precipitation of the driest month (bio14), temperature annual range (bio7), and minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio6). Their relative contribution rates were 49.3%, 18.4%, 15.6%, and 2.0%, respectively. The average temperature of the coldest quarter was not lower than 5°C, with the ideal range being 7.38~14.88°C. Currently, J. mimosifolia predominantly thrives in Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and to a lesser extent in the Sichuan Basin, southern Guizhou, Tibet, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang province, covering a total area of approximately 122.19 × 104 km2. Future predictions indicate that under the SSP126 scenario, the most significant contraction occurs between the 2050s and 2070s, with a total change of −1.08 × 104 km2. Conversely, under the SSP370 scenario, the greatest expansion is observed from the 2030s to the 2050s, amounting to a change of 2.08 × 104 km2. Suitable area expansion is anticipated in most periods and scenarios, except for SSP126 in the 2070s, SSP245 in the 2050s, and SSP370 in the 2030s and 2070s. The distribution center shifts observed include movements northwestward, southwestward, and eastward with distances ranging from 5.12 km to 18.84 km. These shifts are likely driven by global warming, resulting in movements to higher elevations and latitudes.

Discussion

These predictions will provide a solid theoretical foundation for the future application of J. mimosifolia in urban landscaping and serve as a valuable reference for its introduction and cultivation.
Exploring the causal link among statin drugs and the osteoarthritis risk based on Mendelian randomization research
Authors: Chen Wenjie , Sun Zhi , Xiong Xinhai , Tan Haitao , Hu Junhao , Liu Chenrui , Chen Cheng
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Statins may have a protective effect against osteoarthritis (including knee osteoarthritis and hip osteoarthritis); however, the link between statins and osteoarthritis risk is incompletely established. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between statins and osteoarthritis risk through Mendelian randomization analysis using pooled information from a large population-wide genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Methods

Statin-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained from FinnGen’s latest 9th edition database, and data on osteoarthritis, knee osteoarthritis, and hip osteoarthritis were acquired from the IEU OpenGWAS, the UK Biobank, and Arthritis Research UK Osteoarthritis Genetics (ArcOGEN) database, respectively. The inverse-variance weighting method is an important analysis method to estimate the causal effect. Weighted median method, simple median method, weighted median estimator method, and MR–Egger regression were employed to supplement the explanation. Odds ratio and 95%CI were used to evaluate the causal relationship among statins and the osteoarthritis risk, osteoarthritis in the knee, and osteoarthritis in the hip. Second, sensitivity analysis was carried out to validate the reliability of the results. Cochran’s Q test was employed to test heterogeneity, MR–Egger intercept was employed to test whether horizontal pleiotropy existed, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms with potential influence were determined by the one-method analysis.

Results

(1) The results of the inverse variance weighting method showed Gene prediction indicated that statins were associated with osteoarthritis (OR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.996–0.999, P = 0.01) and knee osteoarthritis (OR = 0.964, 95% CI: knee (0.940–0.989, P = 0.005) and hip osteoarthritis risk were associated (OR = 0.928, 95% CI: 0.901–0.955, P = 4.28 × 10−7). (2) MR–Egger intercept analysis did not detect potential horizontal pleiotropy (osteoarthritis: P = 0.658; knee osteoarthritis: P = 0.600; and hip osteoarthritis: P = 0.141). (3) The findings provide evidence that statins reduce osteoarthritis risk, osteoarthritis in the knee, and osteoarthritis in the hip, as described in observational studies, and the specific mechanisms by which statins treat osteoarthritis require further investigation.

Conclusion

The results of this study, at the genetic level, reveal a negative causal relationship between statins and osteoarthritis, and this causal relationship is also present in knee and hip osteoarthritis. This study provides evidence against the potential of statins in the treatment of osteoarthritis, prompting the clinical treatment of osteoarthritis to consider improving the start and compliance of statins in the future.
Integrated transcriptomic analysis and machine learning for characterizing diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration in fetal growth restriction
Authors: Wei Xing , Liu Zesi , Cai Luyao , Shi Dayuan , Sun Qianqian , Zhang Luye , Zhou Fenhe , Sun Luming
Published: September 2024

Background

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) occurs in 10% of pregnancies worldwide. Placenta dysfunction, as one of the most common causes of FGR, is associated with various poor perinatal outcomes. The main objectives of this study were to screen potential diagnostic biomarkers for FGR and to evaluate the function of immune cell infiltration in the process of FGR.

Methods

Firstly, differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified in two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, and gene set enrichment analysis was performed. Diagnosis-related key genes were identified by using three machine learning algorithms (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, random forest, and support vector machine model), and the nomogram was then developed. The receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis curve were used to verify the validity of the diagnostic model. Using cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT), the characteristics of immune cell infiltration in placental tissue of FGR were evaluated and the candidate key immune cells of FGR were screened. In addition, this study also validated the diagnostic efficacy of TREM1 in the real world and explored associations between TREM1 and various clinical features.

Results

By overlapping the genes selected by three machine learning algorithms, four key genes were identified from 290 DEGs, and the diagnostic model based on the key genes showed good predictive performance (AUC = 0.971). The analysis of immune cell infiltration indicated that a variety of immune cells may be involved in the development of FGR, and nine candidate key immune cells of FGR were screened. Results from real-world data further validated TREM1 as an effective diagnostic biomarker (AUC = 0.894) and TREM1 expression was associated with increased uterine artery PI (UtA-PI) (p-value = 0.029).

Conclusion

Four candidate hub genes (SCD, SPINK1, TREM1, and HIST1H2BB) were identified, and the nomogram was constructed for FGR diagnosis. TREM1 was not only associated with a variety of key immune cells but also correlated with increased UtA-PI. The results of this study could provide some new clues for future research on the prediction and treatment of FGR.
Role of factor H-related protein 3 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections
Authors: González-Alsina Alex , Martín-Merinero Héctor , Mateu-Borrás Margalida , Verd María , Doménech-Sánchez Antonio , Goldberg Joanna B. , Rodríguez de Córdoba Santiago , Albertí Sebastián
Published: September 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections. The outcome of these infections depends on the virulence of the microorganism as well as host-related conditions and factors. The complement system plays a crucial role in defense against bloodstream infections. P. aeruginosa counteracts complement attack by recruiting Factor H (FH) that inhibits complement amplification on the bacterial surface. Factor H-related proteins (FHRs) are a group of plasma proteins evolutionarily related to FH that have been postulated to interfere this bacterial evasion mechanism. In this study, we demonstrate that FHR-3 competes with purified FH for binding to P. aeruginosa and identify EF-Tu as a common bacterial target for both complement regulator factors. Importantly, elevated levels of FHR-3 in human serum promote complement activation, leading to increased opsonization and killing of P. aeruginosa. Conversely, physiological concentrations of FHR-3 have no significant effect. Our findings suggest that FHR-3 may serve as a protective host factor against P. aeruginosa infections.
Intestinal and hepatic benefits of BBR-EVO on DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice
Authors: Wang Wenjia , Han Yiheng , Yin Wen , Wang Qiaozhi , Wu Yi , Du Maobo
Published: September 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC), characterized by disrupted intestinal barrier integrity and chronic inflammation, was modeled in mice via dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induction. This study explored the therapeutic potential of berberine-evodiamine (BBR-EVO), bioactive components of the traditional Chinese medicine Yulian decoction, in DSS colitis. BBR-EVO intervention ameliorated weight loss, diarrhea, colonic shortening, and histopathological damage in colitic mice. The substance increased antioxidant activity while reducing high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon, including as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. BBR-EVO inhibited the DSS-induced decrease in the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin, according to immunohistochemistry. 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated BBR-EVO partially attenuated DSS-elicited intestinal dysbiosis, reducing opportunistic pathogens and restoring diminished beneficial taxa. Critically, BBR-EVO alleviated secondary hepatic injury in colitic mice, mitigating immune cell infiltration, oxidative stress, cytokine production, and ultrastructural damage, likely by beneficially modulating gut-liver crosstalk. This study reveals BBR-EVO, derived from a traditional Chinese medicine, confers multi-target protective effects in experimental colitis and associated hepatic pathology, warranting further evaluation as a potential therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases like UC. The mechanisms may involve simultaneous augmentation of intestinal barrier integrity, inhibition of inflammation, microbiota regulation, and gut-liver axis optimization.
Co-composting of tail vegetable with flue-cured tobacco leaves: analysis of nitrogen transformation and estimation as a seed germination agent for halophyte
Authors: Xie Chenghao , Wang Xiao , Zhang Benqiang , Liu Jiantao , Zhang Peng , Shen Guangcai , Yin Xingsheng , Kong Decai , Yang Junjie , Yao Hui , You Xiangwei , Li Yiqiang
Published: September 2024

Resource utilization of tail vegetables has raised increasing concerns in the modern agriculture. However, the effect and related mechanisms of flue-cured tobacco leaves on the product quality, phytotoxicity and bacterially-mediated nitrogen (N) transformation process of tail vegetable composting were poorly understood. Amendments of high-dosed (5% and 10% w/w) tobacco leaves into the compost accelerated the heating process, prolonged the time of thermophilic stage, increased the peak temperature, thereby improving maturity and shortening composting duration. The tobacco leaf amendments at the 10% (w/w) increased the N conservation (TN and NH4-N content) of compost, due to the supply of N-containing nutrient and promotion of organic matter degradation by tobacco leaves. Besides, tobacco leaf amendments promoted the seed germination and root development of wild soybean, exhibiting the feasibility of composting product for promoting the growth of salt-tolerant plants, but no dose-dependent effect was found for tobacco leaf amendments. Addition of high dosed (5% and 10% w/w) tobacco leaves shifted the bacterial community towards lignocellulosic and N-fixing bacteria, contributing to increasing the compost maturity and N retention. PICRUSt 2 functional prediction revealed that N-related bacterial metabolism (i.e., hydroxylamine oxidation and denitrifying process) was enhanced in the tobacco leaf treatments, which contributed to N retention and elevated nutrient quality of composting. To the best knowledge, this was the first study to explore the effect of tobacco waste additives on the nutrient transformation and halophyte growth promotion of organic waste composting. These findings will deepen the understanding of microbially-mediated N transformation and composting processes involving flue-cured tobacco leaves.
Thalamic-limbic circuit dysfunction and white matter topological alteration in Parkinson’s disease are correlated with gait disturbance
Authors: Ren Qingguo , Zhao Shuai , Yu Rong , Xu Ziliang , Liu Shuangwu , Zhang Bin , Sun Qicai , Jiang Qingjun , Zhao Cuiping , Meng Xiangshui
Published: September 2024

Background

Limbic structures have recently garnered increased attention in Parkinson’s disease (PD) research. This study aims to explore changes at the whole-brain level in the structural network, specifically the white matter fibres connecting the thalamus and limbic system, and their correlation with the clinical characteristics of patients with PD.

Methods

Between December 2020 and November 2021, we prospectively enrolled 42 patients with PD and healthy controls at the movement disorder centre. All participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), 3D T1-weighted imaging (3D-T1WI), and routine brain magnetic resonance imaging on a 3.0 T MR scanner. We employed the tract-based spatial statistical (TBSS) analytic approach, examined structural network properties, and conducted probabilistic fibre tractography to identify alterations in white matter pathways and the topological organisation associated with PD.

Results

In patients with PD, significant changes were observed in the fibrous tracts of the prefrontal lobe, corpus callosum, and thalamus. Notably, the fibrous tracts in the prefrontal lobe and corpus callosum showed a moderate negative correlation with the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q) scores (r = −0.423, p = 0.011). The hippocampus and orbitofrontal gyrus exhibited more fibre bundle parameter changes than other limbic structures. The mean streamline length between the thalamus and the orbitofrontal gyrus demonstrated a moderate negative correlation with Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) III (r = −0.435, p = 0.006). Topological parameters, including characteristic path length (Lp), global efficiency (Eg), normalised shortest path length (λ) and nodal local efficiency (Nle), correlated moderately with the MDS-UPDRS, HAMA, MoCA, PDQ-39, and FOG-Q, respectively.

Conclusion

DTI is a valuable tool for detecting changes in water molecule dispersion and the topological structure of the brain in patients with PD. The thalamus may play a significant role in the gait abnormalities observed in PD.
Case report: Levodopa challenge test is important in identifying dopamine-induced freezing of gait in patient with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Xu Shan-Shan , Zhu Shi-Guo , Yuan Cheng-Xiang , Zeng Guo-Ling , Li Xiao-Tian , Liu Rong-Pei , Huang Shi-Shi , Zhang Xiong , Wang Jian-Yong
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling and heterogeneous symptom in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Among them, dopamine-induced FOG is rare and difficult to identify. The treatment of dopamine-induced FOG is complex.

Case presentation

We herein presented a case of PD patient who complicated with refractory FOG. It was identified as dopamine-induced FOG during levodopa challenge test. Her symptoms were alleviated after we reduced the total equivalent dosage of levodopa.

Conclusion

Our report emphasizes the importance of levodopa challenge test in identifying different types of FOG, which is very important for further adjusting treatment.
An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of early oral feeding vs. traditional oral feeding after gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Xu Dong , Li Junping , Liu Jinchao , Wang Pingjiang , Dou Jianjian
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Early oral feeding (EOF) has been shown to improve postoperative recovery for many surgeries. However, surgeons are still skeptical about EOF after gastric cancer surgery due to possible side effects. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of EOF in patients after gastric cancer surgery.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating EOF in patients after gastric cancer surgery were searched in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane from 2005 to 2023, and an updated meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results

The results of 11 RCTs involving 1,352 patients were included and scrutinized in this analysis. Hospital days [weighted mean difference (WMD), −1.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), −2.14 to −1.30; p<0.00001), the time to first flatus (WMD, −0.72; 95% CI, −0.99 to −0.46; p<0.00001), and hospital costs (WMD, −3.78; 95% CI, −4.50 to −3.05; p<0.00001) were significantly decreased in the EOF group. Oral feeding tolerance [risk ratio (RR), 1.00; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04; p=0.85), readmission rates (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.50–3.28; p=0.61), postoperative complications (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.81–1.29; p=0.84), anastomotic leakage (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.25–2.78; p=0.76), and pulmonary infection (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.31–1.39; p=0.27) were not significantly statistical between two groups.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis reveals that EOF could reduce hospital days, the time to first flatus, and hospital costs, but it was not associated with oral feeding tolerance, readmission rates, or postoperative complications especially anastomotic leakage and pulmonary infection, regardless of whether laparoscopic or open surgery, partial or total gastrectomy, or the timing of EOF initiation.
Dupilumab treatment reduces caregiver-reported skin pain in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis aged 6 months to 5 years
Authors: Paller Amy S. , Silverberg Jonathan I. , Gonzalez Mercedes E. , Schneider Lynda C. , Sidbury Robert , Chen Zhen , Bansal Ashish , Wang Zhixiao , Prescilla Randy
Published: September 2024

Background

Moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) often has a profound impact on the quality of life of young children and their caregivers. One of the most burdensome symptoms reported by patients is skin pain.

Methods

This post hoc analysis focuses on the impact of dupilumab treatment on skin pain in young children using data from the LIBERTY AD PRESCHOOL part B (NCT03346434), a 16-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study in 162 children aged 6 months to 5 years with moderate-to-severe AD receiving dupilumab or placebo, plus topical corticosteroids (TCS). Analyses were performed on the full analysis set and subgroups of patients who did not achieve an Investigator's Global Assessment score of 0 or 1 (IGA >1 subgroup), or who did not achieve a 75% improvement from baseline in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (<EASI-75 subgroup), at week 16 (patients who did not achieve the primary or key secondary endpoints in LIBERTY AD PRESCHOOL part B).

Results

At week 16, change from baseline in the skin pain NRS was significantly greater in the dupilumab group vs. the placebo group (−3.93 vs. −0.62, p < 0.0001) and significantly more patients receiving dupilumab vs. placebo achieved a clinically meaningful improvement at week 16 (47.2% vs. 10.8%, p < .0001). Similar results between dupilumab vs. placebo were seen in the two subgroups IGA >1 and <EASI-75.

Conclusions

This analysis showed rapid, clinically meaningful, and statistically significant improvements in skin pain in patients treated with dupilumab plus TCS vs. placebo plus TCS.
Current status and influencing factors of prophylactic use of proton pump inhibitors in internal medicine inpatients receiving glucocorticoid therapy
Authors: Liu Pengpeng , Li Guangyao , Wu Qian , Han Mei
Published: September 2024

Background

The actual situation and influencing factors of prophylactic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in internal medicine inpatients receiving glucocorticoid therapy are rarely reported. This study aimed to investigate the current status and influencing factors of prophylactic use of PPIs in internal medicine inpatients receiving glucocorticoid therapy to provide a basis for rational prophylactic use of PPIs.

Methods

Internal medicine inpatients receiving glucocorticoid therapy from February 2023 to September 2023 were included. Information on the prophylactic use of PPIs was collected and analyzed by clinical pharmacists. Associated factors with prophylactic use of PPIs were analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

980 inpatients were finally included in our study, of which 271 (27.7%) inpatients received prophylactic use of PPIs. Among the inpatients prescribed PPIs, 90 inpatients received a standard dose of PPIs twice a day. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥80 years [OR = 7.009, 95% CI (1.424, 34.495), p = 0.017], history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [OR = 2.047, 95% CI (1.338, 3.133), p = 0.001], low platelet count [OR = 0.997, 95% CI (0.994, 0.999), p = 0.004], number of concomitant diseases [OR = 1.104, 95% CI (1.056, 1.153), p < 0.001], junior doctors [OR = 1.755, 95% CI (1.248, 2.468), p = 0.001], glucocorticoid dose (higher than 50 mg, measured by methylprednisolone) [OR = 2.455, 95% CI (1.371, 4.395), p = 0.003], antiplatelet agents [OR = 2.567, 95% CI (1.456, 4.524), p = 0.001], immunosuppressants [OR = 1.477, 95% CI (1.014, 2.153), p = 0.042], and betahistine [OR = 5.503, 95% CI (1.124, 26.950), p = 0.035] were associated with more prophylactic use of PPIs.

Conclusion

The prophylactic use of PPIs in internal medicine inpatients receiving glucocorticoid therapy is common in China. Clinical pharmacists will take targeted measures to promote the rational use of PPIs according to the results of this study.
Polydatin ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage through up-regulating SIRT1 to suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Han Yuwei , Hao Guangzhi , Han Song , Zhu Tingzhun , Dong Yushu , Chen Ligang , Yang Xinyu , Li Xiaoming , Jin Hai , Liang Guobiao
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of Polydatin (PD) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

A standard intravascular puncture model was established to mimic SAH in mice. Neurological functions were assessed using neurological scoring, Grip test, and Morris water maze. Brain edema and Evans blue extravasation were measured to evaluate blood-brain barrier permeability. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were performed to examine protein and mRNA expressions related to ER stress. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect cell apoptosis, and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Results

The results indicated that PD significantly reduced brain edema and Evans blue extravasation after SAH, improving neurological function. Compared to the SAH group, the expression levels of ER stress-related proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), were significantly lower in the PD-treated group. Moreover, PD significantly enhances the protein expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Validation with sh-SIRT1 confirmed the critical role of SIRT1 in ER stress, with PD’s inhibitory effect on ER stress being dependent on SIRT1 expression. Additionally, PD attenuated ER stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis and SAH-induced ferroptosis through upregulation of SIRT1.

Conclusion

PD alleviates ER stress following SAH by upregulating SIRT1 expression, thereby mitigating early brain injury. The protective effects of PD are mediated through SIRT1, which inhibits ER stress and reduces neuronal apoptosis and ferroptosis.
A framework for modeling performers' beat-to-beat heart intervals using music features and Interpretation Maps
Authors: Soliński Mateusz , Reed Courtney N. , Chew Elaine
Published: September 2024

Objective

Music strongly modulates our autonomic nervous system. This modulation is evident in musicians' beat-to-beat heart (RR) intervals, a marker of heart rate variability (HRV), and can be related to music features and structures. We present a novel approach to modeling musicians' RR interval variations, analyzing detailed components within a music piece to extract continuous music features and annotations of musicians' performance decisions.

Methods

A professional ensemble (violinist, cellist, and pianist) performs Schubert's Trio No. 2, Op. 100, Andante con moto nine times during rehearsals. RR interval series are collected from each musician using wireless ECG sensors. Linear mixed models are used to predict their RR intervals based on music features (tempo, loudness, note density), interpretive choices (Interpretation Map), and a starting factor.

Results

The models explain approximately half of the variability of the RR interval series for all musicians, with R-squared = 0.606 (violinist), 0.494 (cellist), and 0.540 (pianist). The features with the strongest predictive values were loudness, climax, moment of concern, and starting factor.

Conclusions

The method revealed the relative effects of different music features on autonomic response. For the first time, we show a strong link between an interpretation map and RR interval changes. Modeling autonomic response to music stimuli is important for developing medical and non-medical interventions. Our models can serve as a framework for estimating performers' physiological reactions using only music information that could also apply to listeners.
Low literacy skills in adults can be largely explained by basic linguistic and domain-general predictors
Authors: Vágvölgyi Réka , Sahlender Moritz , Schröter Hannes , Nagengast Benjamin , Dresler Thomas , Schrader Josef , Nuerk Hans-Christoph
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Despite having sufficient formal education, a large group of people cannot complete everyday tasks like reading, writing, or making basic calculations. Regarding reading, millions of people are not able to understand more complex texts despite the ability to read simple words or sentences; they have low literacy skills. Even though this problem has been known for decades, the causes and predictors of their poor reading comprehension skills are not fully explored. Socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and reading-related (i.e., linguistic) factors, especially of English-speaking participants and thus users of an opaque orthography, were often assessed. The goal of this study was to examine which linguistic, domain-general, or numerical factors predict substandard complex text reading as the core symptom of low literacy skills in adulthood.

Methods

To this end, we assessed a group of German-speaking participants—users of a transparent orthography—who are at risk for complex text reading deficits.

Results

The results indicated that linguistic variables (reduced word/pseudoword reading, weaker oral semantic and grammatical comprehension), working memory, and age predicted lower performance in text comprehension. This model explained 73% of the total variance, indicating that most of the deficits in complex text reading can be explained by a group of basic underlying linguistic and domain-general factors.

Discussion

We conclude that interventions for adults with low literacy skills and others at risk for complex text reading deficits should address word/pseudoword reading and focus on both written and oral comprehension.
Spinal cord injury due to road traffic accident in the pre-hospital phase: a grounded theory study in an Iranian context
Authors: Sepahvand Elham , Khankeh Hamidreza , Hosseini Mohammadali , Akhbari Behnam
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Spinal cord injury is a devastating outcome for individuals and a major public health problem that leads to sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction and permanent disabilities. Thus, it is necessary to identify the causes of disability and injury both in the accident phase and in the post-accident phase. This study aimed to develop a theory based on which this complex environment can be discovered.

Methods

This research was a grounded theory study with the constant comparative analysis recommended by Corbin and Strauss in 2015. Participants in this study included 24 Participants were selected from Rofideh Rehabilitation Hospital and Shahid Jalaeipour Spinal Cord Injury Center of Tehran city in 2020. A semi-structured interview with an interview guide was used for data collection. Purposeful sampling method was performed within 10 months until data saturation. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used to assess the scientific accuracy and validity of the study.

Findings

The results of interviews showed that “uncertainty” was identified as the most important concern of the injured people, and “trying to save the injured” was identified as the most important concern of the witnesses and families of the injured people. The main categories included “emotional interaction,” “overwhelming anxiety,” “the scene shock,” “misunderstanding of the delay,” “inadequate emergency service,” and “insufficient understanding of the injury.”

Conclusion

In a traffic accident, uncertainty about the situation is the main concern of everyone at the crash scene, from pre-hospital emergency personnel, traffic police, and law enforcement officer to the patient’s companions and other witnesses. Further research is needed to shed more light on this issue.