bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time imaging of mitochondrial redox reveals increased mitochondrial oxidative stress associated with amyloid β aggregates in vivo in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Calvo-Rodriguez Maria , Kharitonova Elizabeth K. , Snyder Austin C. , Hou Steven S. , Sanchez-Mico Maria Virtudes , Das Sudeshna , Fan Zhanyun , Shirani Hamid , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Serrano-Pozo Alberto , Bacskai Brian J.
Published: January 2024

Background

Reactive oxidative stress is a critical player in the amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity that contributes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Damaged mitochondria are one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species and accumulate in Aβ plaque-associated dystrophic neurites in the AD brain. Although Aβ causes neuronal mitochondria reactive oxidative stress in vitro, this has never been directly observed in vivo in the living mouse brain. Here, we tested for the first time whether Aβ plaques and soluble Aβ oligomers induce mitochondrial oxidative stress in surrounding neurons in vivo, and whether this neurotoxic effect can be abrogated using mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants.

Methods

We expressed a genetically encoded fluorescent ratiometric mitochondria-targeted reporter of oxidative stress in mouse models of the disease and performed intravital multiphoton microscopy of neuronal mitochondria and Aβ plaques.

Results

For the first time, we demonstrated by direct observation in the living mouse brain exacerbated mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurons after both Aβ plaque deposition and direct application of soluble oligomeric Aβ onto the brain, and determined the most likely pathological sequence of events leading to oxidative stress in vivo. Oxidative stress could be inhibited by both blocking calcium influx into mitochondria and treating with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS31. Remarkably, the latter ameliorated plaque-associated dystrophic neurites without impacting Aβ plaque burden.

Conclusions

Considering these results, combination of mitochondria-targeted compounds with other anti-amyloid beta or anti-tau therapies hold promise as neuroprotective drugs for the prevention and/or treatment of AD.
LINC00571 drives tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism in triple-negative breast cancer through HNRNPK/ILF2/IDH2 axis
Authors: Xi Zihan , Huang Haohao , Hu Jin , Yu Yuanhang , Ma Xianxiong , Xu Ming , Ming Jie , Li Lei , Zhang Hui , Chen Hengyu , Huang Tao
Published: January 2024

Background

Triple-negative breast cancer is a complex breast malignancy subtype characterized by poor prognosis. The pursuit of effective therapeutic approaches for this subtype is considerably challenging. Notably, recent research has illuminated the key role of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in cancer metabolism and the complex landscape of tumor development. Concurrently, an emerging body of evidence underscores the noteworthy role that long non-coding RNAs play in the trajectory of breast cancer development. Despite this growing recognition, the exploration of whether long non-coding RNAs can influence breast cancer progression by modulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle has been limited. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms orchestrating these interactions have not been identified.

Methods

The expression levels of LINC00571 and IDH2 were determined through the analysis of the public TCGA dataset, transcriptome sequencing, qRT‒PCR, and Western blotting. The distribution of LINC00571 was assessed using RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. Alterations in biological effects were evaluated using CCK-8, colony formation, EdU, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays and a tumor xenograft model. To elucidate the interaction between LINC00571, HNRNPK, and ILF2, RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed. The impacts of LINC00571 and IDH2 on tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites were investigated through measurements of the oxygen consumption rate and metabolite levels.

Results

This study revealed the complex interactions between a novel long non-coding RNA (LINC00571) and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism. We validated the tumor-promoting role of LINC00571. Mechanistically, LINC00571 facilitated the interaction between HNRNPK and ILF2, leading to reduced ubiquitination and degradation of ILF2, thereby stabilizing its expression. Furthermore, ILF2 acted as a transcription factor to enhance the expression of its downstream target gene IDH2.

Conclusions

Our study revealed that the LINC00571/HNRNPK/ILF2/IDH2 axis promoted the progression of triple-negative breast cancer by regulating tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites. This discovery provides a novel theoretical foundation and new potential targets for the clinical treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
Comprehensive full genome analysis of norovirus strains from eastern India, 2017–2021
Authors: Lo Mahadeb , Doan Yen Hai , Mitra Suvrotoa , Saha Ritubrita , Miyoshi Shin-ichi , Kitahara Kei , Dutta Shanta , Oka Tomoichiro , Chawla-Sarkar Mamta
Published: January 2024

Background

Worldwide, noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in people of all age groups. In India, norovirus rates between 1.4 to 44.4% have been reported. Only a very few complete norovirus genome sequences from India have been reported.

Objective

To perform full genome sequencing of noroviruses circulating in India during 2017–2021, identify circulating genotypes, assess evolution including detection of recombination events.

Methodology

Forty-five archived norovirus-positive samples collected between October 2017 to July 2021 from patients with AGE from two hospitals in Kolkata, India were processed for full genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis, recombination breakpoint analysis and comprehensive mutation analysis were also performed.

Results

Full genome analysis of norovirus sequences revealed that strains belonging to genogroup (G)I were genotyped as GI.3[P13]. Among the different norovirus capsid-polymerase combinations, GII.3[P16], GII.4 Sydney[P16], GII.4 Sydney[P31], GII.13[P16], GII.16[P16] and GII.17 were identified. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed phylogenetic relatedness with previously reported norovirus strains and all viruses were analyzed by Simplot. GII[P16] viruses with multiple residue mutations within the non-structural region were detected among circulating GII.4 and GII.3 strains. Comprehensive mutation analysis and selection pressure analysis of GII[P16] viruses showed positive as well as negative selection sites. A GII.17 strain (NICED-BCH-11889) had an untypeable polymerase type, closely related to GII[P38].

Conclusion

This study highlights the circulation of diverse norovirus strains in eastern India. These findings are important for understanding norovirus epidemiology in India and may have implications for future vaccine development.
Physical performance determinants in competitive youth swimmers: a systematic review
Authors: Price Todd , Cimadoro Giuseppe , S Legg Hayley
Published: January 2024

Background

Youth swimming performance is determined by several physiological, biomechanical and anthropometric characteristics. This review aimed to identify physical performance determinants of youth swimming performance, assessing strength, power, anaerobic, aerobic and body composition measures. ̇

Methods

Searches were conducted in electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) using keywords relating to swimming and physiological measures, supplemented by citation searching of similar reviews. A total of 843 studies were identified in the initial search. The following inclusion criteria were used: participants were competitive/trained swimmers; swimming time-trial or event was conducted; data was provided on one or more physiological parameters; study was published in English and peer-reviewed. A total of 43 studies met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist.

Results

Cross-sectional studies scored between 4–8 and randomised-controlled trials scored 8–9 on their respective JBI checklists. Youth swimming performance was determined by muscle strength, muscle power, lean body mass, anaerobic and aerobic metabolism measures in most studies, where improved performance values of these variables were conducive to swimming performance. Body fat percentage did not have a clear relationship in youth swimming performance.

Conclusions

Findings of this review suggest that greater levels of muscle strength, muscle power and lean body mass are favourable in swimming performance, with muscle strength and muscle power particularly beneficial for start and turn performance. Anaerobic and aerobic metabolism measures were good determinants of swimming performance, with middle- and long-distance events more influenced by the latter. Body fat percentage has a nuanced relationship with swimming performance, where further investigation is required. Findings were inconsistent across studies, potentially due to unidentified confounding factors.

Key points

• Greater muscular strength and power qualities, anaerobic and aerobic capacities, and lean body mass are conducive to swimming performance.

• Body fat percentage has a nuanced relationship with swimming performance.

• Practitioners should consider general strength and power training as a useful tool to enhance performance in their youth competitors.
Relative risk of childhood and adolescence cancer in Iran: spatiotemporal analysis from 1999 to 2016
Authors: Hashemi Hasti , Mahaki Behzad , Farnoosh Rahman
Published: January 2024

Objective

Cancer is the third leading cause of death in the world with increasing trends in Iran. The study of epidemiology, trend, and geospatial distribution of pediatric cancers provides important information for screening as well as early detection of cancer and policy making. We aimed to assess the spatio-temporal disparity of childhood and adolescence cancer risk among provinces of Iran.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we estimated geospatial relative risk (RR) of childhood cancer in provinces of Iran using data from 29198 cases. We used BYM and its extended spatiotemporal model in Bayesian setting. This hierarchical model takes spatial and temporal effects into account in the incidence rate estimation simultaneously.

Results

The relative risk of cancer was > 1 for 45% of the provinces, where 27% of provinces had significantly ascending trend. North Khorasan, Yazd and Qazvin provinces had the highest risk rates while Sistan-Baluchistan province showed the lowest risk of cancer. However, the differential trends was highest in Sistan-Baluchistan, Bushehr, Hormozgan, and Kohgilouyeh-Boyerahmad. Both the point estimate and the trend of risk was high in Tehran.

Conclusion

The geographic pattern and trend of cancer in children seems to be different from that in adults that urges further studies. This could lead to increased health system capacity and facilitate the access to effective detection, research, care and treatment of childhood cancer.
Pediatric femoral shaft fracture requiring revision surgery for nonunion associated with vitamin D and K deficiencies: a case report
Authors: Igarashi Shun , Nozaka Koji , Shirahata Tsuyoshi , Kijima Hiroaki , Saito Hidetomo , Saito Kimio , Kawano Tetsuya , Miyakoshi Naohisa
Published: January 2024

Background

Nonunion of femoral shaft fractures in children is rare, and there is no clear treatment protocol. In this case report, a pediatric femoral shaft fracture that developed in nonunion due to vitamin deficiency after osteosynthesis, which was successfully treated with vitamin augmentation and replacement with a rigid antegrade intramedullary nail, is described.

Case presentation

The patient is an 11-year-old Japanese girl. She injured her right femoral shaft fracture when she hit a wall after kickboarding down a hill and underwent osteosynthesis with a titanium elastic nail. Six months postoperatively, she developed nonunion, was found to be deficient in vitamins D and K, and was started on vitamin supplementation. She underwent replacement with a rigid antegrade intramedullary nail at 7 months postoperatively, and bone union was achieved 3 months after reoperation.

Conclusion

When delayed union of a fracture is observed postoperatively, even in children without underlying disease, the cause of the problem must be investigated and treated promptly.
IDSL_MINT: a deep learning framework to predict molecular fingerprints from mass spectra
Authors: Baygi Sadjad Fakouri , Barupal Dinesh Kumar
Published: January 2024

The majority of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra in untargeted metabolomics and exposomics studies lack any annotation. Our deep learning framework, Integrated Data Science Laboratory for Metabolomics and Exposomics—Mass INTerpreter (IDSL_MINT) can translate MS/MS spectra into molecular fingerprint descriptors. IDSL_MINT allows users to leverage the power of the transformer model for mass spectrometry data, similar to the large language models. Models are trained on user-provided reference MS/MS libraries via any customizable molecular fingerprint descriptors. IDSL_MINT was benchmarked using the LipidMaps database and improved the annotation rate of a test study for MS/MS spectra that were not originally annotated using existing mass spectral libraries. IDSL_MINT may improve the overall annotation rates in untargeted metabolomics and exposomics studies. The IDSL_MINT framework and tutorials are available in the GitHub repository at https://github.com/idslme/IDSL_MINT.

Scientific contribution

Structural annotation of MS/MS spectra from untargeted metabolomics and exposomics datasets is a major bottleneck in gaining new biological insights. Machine learning models to convert spectra into molecular fingerprints can help in the annotation process. Here, we present IDSL_MINT, a new, easy-to-use and customizable deep-learning framework to train and utilize new models to predict molecular fingerprints from spectra for the compound annotation workflows.
Geographic and sociodemographic access to systemic anticancer therapies for secondary breast cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Pearson Sally Anne , Taylor Sally , Marsden Antonia , O’Reilly Jessica Dalton , Krishan Ashma , Howell Sacha , Yorke Janelle
Published: January 2024

Background

The review aimed to investigate geographic and sociodemographic factors associated with receipt of systemic anticancer therapies (SACT) for women with secondary (metastatic) breast cancer (SBC).

Methods

Included studies reported geographic and sociodemographic factors associated with receipt of treatment with SACT for women > 18 years with an SBC diagnosis. Information sources searched were Ovid CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase and Ovid PsychINFO. Assessment of methodological quality was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute method. Findings were synthesised using a narrative synthesis approach.

Results

Nineteen studies published between 2009 and 2023 were included in the review. Overall methodological quality was assessed as low to moderate. Outcomes were reported for treatment receipt and time to treatment. Overall treatment receipt ranged from 4% for immunotherapy treatment in one study to 83% for systemic anticancer therapies (unspecified). Time to treatment ranged from median 54 days to 95 days with 81% of patients who received treatment < 60 days.

Younger women, women of White origin, and those women with a higher socioeconomic status had an increased likelihood of timely treatment receipt. Treatment receipt varied by geographical region, and place of care was associated with variation in timely receipt of treatment with women treated at teaching, research and private institutions being more likely to receive treatment in a timely manner.

Conclusions

Treatment receipt varied depending upon type of SACT. A number of factors were associated with treatment receipt. Barriers included older age, non-White race, lower socioeconomic status, significant comorbidities, hospital setting and geographical location. Findings should however be interpreted with caution given the limitations in overall methodological quality of included studies and significant heterogeneity in measures of exposure and outcome. Generalisability was limited due to included study populations.

Findings have practical implications for the development and piloting of targeted interventions to address specific barriers in a socioculturally sensitive manner. Addressing geographical variation and place of care may require intervention at a commissioning policy level. Further qualitative research is required to understand the experience and of women and clinicians.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42020196490
Basic counseling skills in psychology and teaching: validation of a short version of the counselor activity self-efficacy scales
Authors: Hunsmann Joanna Joy , Ay-Bryson Destina Sevde , Kobs Scarlett , Behrend Nicole , Weck Florian , Knigge Michel , Kühne Franziska
Published: January 2024

Background

Counseling self-efficacy is a relevant measure to examine trainees’ beliefs about their counseling skills. This study aimed to validate three scales of the revised German version of the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales (CASES-R) measuring basic counseling skills. To ascertain the scales’ sensitivity to change, counseling self-efficacy was assessed before and after specific training.

Method

The sample comprised 163 university students enrolled either in psychology or education. Students were examined before and after participating in training focusing on basic counseling skills. We applied confirmatory factor analysis and tested internal consistency, convergent validity, and criterion validity.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor structure of the CASES-R scales for basic counseling skills. The scales provided acceptable to good internal consistency (α = 0.77 − 0.87). Significant relations with general self-efficacy (r =.23, p <.01) provided first indication for convergent validity. We also found a significant correlation of the CASES-R with positive affect (r =.22), and significant correlations of some subscales with empathetic concern (r =.16 −.21) and mastery goal orientation (r =.16), overall supporting criterion validity. The CASES-R scales proved to be sensitive to change, as participants’ scores were higher after (M = 6.18, SD = 1.05) than before (M = 5.37, SD = 1.16) counseling training (F(1, 309) = 42.27, p <.001).

Conclusion

We found support for the proposed factor structure and reliability of the German version of the three CASES-R scales, indicating its suitability for use in basic counseling settings. Future research should further examine the scales’ validity.
Assessment of patients’ dental anxiety levels in the context of infectious diseases: development and validation of Musa Kazim’s Dental Anxiety Scale (MK-DAS)
Authors: Ucuncu Musa Kazim , Ucuncu Merve Yildirim
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The study aimed to develop and validate a new scale called Musa Kazim’s Dental Anxiety Scale (MK-DAS) to measure dental anxiety in relation to infectious diseases.

Methods

The study utilized a cross-sectional design and recruited participants from Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University. The sample included 289 participants who were seeking dental treatment. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was employed for the purpose of assessing levels of dental anxiety. In contrast, the MK-DAS, comprised a series of seven inquiries specifically targeting concerns regarding the treatment procedure and the fear of contagion. The data was analyzed using various statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, criterion validity, cluster analysis for cut-off points, and test-retest reliability.

Results

The factor analysis revealed that MK-DAS had a two-factor structure. The first factor consisted of five items related to various aspects of the treatment process (α:0.837), while the second factor included two items related to the fear of infectious diseases (α:0.747). The scale showed good reliability, as indicated by high Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for both factors. Strong positive correlations were found between MDAS and the first factor of MK-DAS (r = 0.857;p < 0.01), moderate positive correlations between MDAS and the second factor (r = 0.323;p < 0.01), and a strong positive correlation between MDAS and the overall of MK-DAS (r = 0.782;p < 0.01). Additionally, the cluster analysis yielded a cut-off score of 17 based on the k-means analysis. Moreover, test-retest reliability analyses indicated that dimension 1 (ICC: 0.904), dimension 2 (ICC: 0.840), and overall MK-DAS (ICC: 0.944) demonstrated high internal consistency.

Conclusion

The MK-DAS is an innovative and modern dental anxiety scale that has been proven to be reliable and valid, surpassing the comprehensiveness of the MDAS.
Zinc white marker paint in Mondrian’s neoplastic paintings
Authors: van der Werf Inez Dorothé , van den Berg Klaas Jan , Geldof Muriel , de Groot Suzan , Gross Markus , Hoppe Ruth , Hürlimann Cathja , Kolkena Laura , Steckling Friederike
Published: January 2024

This research provides new insights into the composition of zinc white paints used by Piet Mondrian during his neoplastic period. Nine paintings, dated between 1921 and 1935, were studied, with a focus on three works in the collection of the Fondation Beyeler (Basel, Switzerland)—Tableau I (1921–1925), Composition with yellow and blue (1932) and Composition with double line and blue (1935)—and on Lozenge composition with yellow lines (1933) in Kunstmuseum Den Haag (The Netherlands). Cross sections from other paintings, most of which previously studied by Van Asperen de Boer in the early 1990’s, were reexamined as well. The analyses revealed a zinc white paint with aluminum phosphate inclusions (ZW-Al/P). In two of the works, a zinc white paint with aluminum sulphate was also found. The occurrence of aluminum phosphate (or aluminum sulphate) in 1920–1930’s paint formulations, and in paintings by Mondrian, has never been reported so far. Likely, the use of this zinc white paint in Mondrian’s and other artworks is more widespread than currently known, but it may have been overlooked in similar case studies, since its identification can only be accomplished with detailed scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) analysis of cross sections. Mondrian’s use of pure ‘bright’ ZW-Al/P paint is limited to the later paintings (1932–1935) of this study, whereas in the earlier works (1921–1929) it was mostly mixed with lead white, likely conveying a different hue. Both the ZW-Al/P and Zn-Al/S ‘marker paints’ were also added to yellow, blue or black paint in specific paint layers of the planes and lines, respectively. It was also shown that Mondrian used the same paint on the frames as in the white planes and that the frames were painted while still working on the composition, and not only when he considered the work completed. Indeed, the detection of the zinc white marker paints might help to delineate the chronology of Mondrian’s working process in other paintings and may also be important in the interpretation of overpaints in the course of a treatment when removal of certain paint layers is considered.
Enhancing traditional museum fruition: current state and emerging tendencies
Authors: Furferi Rocco , Di Angelo Luca , Bertini Marco , Mazzanti Paolo , De Vecchis Kevin , Biffi Marco
Published: January 2024

Galleries, libraries, archives, and museums are nowadays striving to implement innovative approaches to adequately use and distribute the wealth of knowledge found in cultural heritage. A range of technologies can be used to enhance the viewing experience for visitors and boost the expertise of museologists, art historians, scholars, and audience members. The present work aims to provide an overview of current methods and most pertinent studies addressing the use of the innovative technologies for enhancing the fruition of artifacts in traditional museums in an effort to improve the public experience and education. For all the technologies discussed, the paper focuses on the main results obtained in literature and on their possible implementation in the museal context. The overview demonstrates the liveliness of the world of research in the field of technologies for the digital development of museums and how many technologies commonly used in industry are increasingly finding their way into the cultural sphere.
Interpretation of associative cultural landscape based on text mining of poetry: taking Tianmu Mountain on the Road of Tang Poetry in Eastern Zhejiang as an example
Authors: Qiao Jinghui , Xi Xuesong , Zhang Guangming , Liang Shifan
Published: January 2024

Revealing the association between natural elements and “religion, culture, or art” through text mining of poetry provides a new perspective for in-depth interpretation of Associative Cultural Landscape. Taking Tianmu Mountain, an important spot on the Road of Tang Poetry in Eastern Zhejiang, as an example, this study focuses on 444 poems written by 269 poets from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty in the Tianmu Mountain region. Text mining methods, such as text segmentation and social network analysis, are employed to conduct frequency statistics and association analysis of Landscape Terms in the poetry. The findings are as follows: (1) The descriptions in the poems bear witness to the beautiful and diverse Natural Landscape, the abundant Humanistic Landscape, and the unique Folk Landscape of Tianmu Mountain. These collectively reflect Tianmu Mountain with its religious features of cultivating both Buddhism and Taoism, cultural features of accumulating abundance and influence, as well as artistic features of blending picturesque charm and poetic grace. (2) The Cultural Landscape of Tianmu Mountain described in poetry across different dynasties exhibits characteristics of four relationships: “Group Relationship, Hierarchical Relationship, Interactive Relationship, and Cognitive Relationship.” It reveals the close association between natural elements in the Tianmu Mountain and “religion, culture, or art.” The research has constructed a theoretical model for interpreting the Multi-relationship within Associative Cultural Landscape, as well as provide the support of theories and methods for understanding the characteristics and interpreting the association of global Associative Cultural Landscape. It offers crucial scientific foundations for their overall conservation and sustainable utilization.
Use of GOCI-II images for detection of harmful algal blooms in the East China Sea
Authors: Jing Yutao , Feng Chi , Chen Taisheng , Zhu Yuanli , Li Changpeng , Tao Bangyi , Song Qingjun
Published: January 2024

The East China Sea (ECS) has experienced severe harmful algal blooms (HABs) that have deleterious ecological effects on marine organisms. Recent studies indicated that deploying of a second geostationary ocean color imager (GOCI-II) can significantly improve ocean monitoring. This study systematically assessed GOCI-II and its ability to detect HABs and distinguish between dinoflagellates and diatoms in the ECS. First, the remote-sensing reflectance ($${R}_{rs}\left(\lambda \right),$$

R

rs

λ

,

$$\lambda$$
λ
represents the wavelength) obtained from GOCI-II was compared to the local measurement data. Compared to the bands at 412 and 443 nm, the bands at 490, 510, and 620 nm exhibited excellent consistency, which is important for HAB detection. Second, four different methods were employed to extract bloom areas in the ECS: red tide index (RI), spectral shape (SS), red band line height ratio (LHR), and algal bloom ratio ($${R}_{AB}$$

R

AB

). The SS (510) algorithm was the most applicable for detecting blooms from GOCI-II imagery. Finally, the classification capability of GOCI-II for dinoflagellates and diatoms was evaluated using three existing algorithms: the bloom index (BI), combined $$Prorocentrum donghaiens$$

Prorocentrumdonghaiens

index (PDI) and diatom index (DI), and the spectral slope ($${R}_{\_slope}$$

R

_
s
l
o
p
e

). The BI algorithm yielded more satisfactory results than the other algorithms.
Integrated characterization of filler tobacco leaves: HS–SPME–GC–MS, E-nose, and microbiome analysis across different origins
Authors: Zhang Mingzhu , Guo Dongfeng , Wang Haiqing , Wu Guanglong , Ding Naihong , Shi Yaqi , Zhou Jinlong , Zhao Eryong , Li Xingjiang
Published: January 2024

This study delves into the aroma characteristics and microbial composition of filler tobacco leaves (FTLs) sourced from six distinct cigar-growing regions within Yunnan, China, following standardized fermentation. An integrated approach using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), electronic nose (E-nose), and microbiome analysis was employed for comprehensive profiling. Results derived from Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) using E-nose data confirmed the presence of notable variability in flavor substance profiles among the FTLs from six regions. Additionally, GC–MS was used to discern disparities in volatile organic compound (VOC) distribution across FTLs from these regions, identifying 92, 81, 79, 58, 69, and 92 VOCs within each respective sample set. Significantly, 24 VOCs emerged as pivotal determinants contributing to the heterogeneity of flavor profiles among FTLs from diverse origins, as indicated by Variable Importance for the Projection (VIP) analysis. Furthermore, distinctions in free amino acid content and chemical constituents were observed across FTLs. Of noteworthy significance, solanone, isophorone, durene, (-)-alpha-terpineol, and 2,3'-bipyridine exhibited the strongest correlations with microbiome data, with fungal microorganisms exerting a more pronounced influence on metabolites, as elucidated through two-way orthogonal partial least-squares (O2PLS) modeling. These findings provide a theoretical and technical basis for accurately evaluating the synchronization of FTLs in aromas and fermentation processes, and they will enhance the quality of fermented FTLs and foster the growth of the domestic cigar tobacco industry ultimately.

Graphical Abstract
Curative resection after percutaneous drainage followed by preoperative panitumumab monotherapy for locally advanced sigmoid colon cancer with intra-abdominal abscess: a case report
Authors: Asada Yusuke , Nakayama Fumitaka , Takenoya Takashi , Oto Ippei , Nakamura Tetsuya , Osumi Koji , Kameyama Noriaki
Published: January 2024

Background

The gold standard treatment for locally advanced colon cancer is curative surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, although this approach is associated with serious concerns, such as high recurrence rates and occasionally unnecessary oversurgery. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be a promising strategy for overcoming these issues. This study reports a case of a recurrence-free patient who underwent curative resection without significant organ dysfunction after preoperative chemotherapy for locally advanced sigmoid colon cancer. The tumor coexisted with a large intra-abdominal abscess, and the patient was quite frail at the first visit. We performed percutaneous drainage followed by preoperative panitumumab monotherapy, which yielded favorable outcomes.

Case presentation

A 78-year-old frail woman was emergently transferred to our hospital with fever and abdominal pain. The diagnosis was locally advanced sigmoid colon cancer stage IIIC (T4bN2aM0) with a large intra-abdominal abscess. Immediate curative surgery was inappropriate, considering both tumor progression and the patient’s frailty. We performed percutaneous drainage and colostomy construction, which was followed by seven cycles of preoperative panitumumab monotherapy without significant adverse events. After these treatments, inflammation was well controlled, and the tumor shrank remarkably. Furthermore, the patient recovered well from frailty; therefore, curative sigmoidectomy combined with resection of the left ovary and stoma closure was possible without any postoperative complications. The final pathological finding was T3N0M0, stage IIA disease. The patient was recurrence-free and had no significant organ dysfunction 21 months after the curative surgery.

Conclusions

The management of intra-abdominal abscesses and tailor-made preoperative chemotherapy based on the patient’s frailty may have been the key factors responsible for the favorable course of this patient. Although further research is needed on the appropriateness of percutaneous drainage for malignancies related to intra-abdominal abscesses and preoperative panitumumab use for locally advanced colon cancer, the study findings can serve as reference for managing similar cases in an aging society.
Digital financial services adoption: a retrospective time-to-event analysis approach
Authors: Chamboko Richard
Published: January 2024

Expanding digital financial services (DFS) such as mobile money has become a key policy intervention for many developing and emerging countries as they seek to fast-track financial and economic inclusion. To date, adults in these markets have had more mobile money accounts than traditional bank accounts. Numerous studies have used binary approaches to understand the factors explaining DFS adoption. However, there is a dearth of studies, that investigate the time to DFS adoption and factors that predict time to adoption. To close this gap, this study used a time-to-event analysis approach to estimate the time to DFS adoption and investigate the factors that explain the variation in time to adoption. Using a sample of 1800 survey respondents from Zimbabwe, the study found that it took 4.4 and 8.5 years, respectively, for urban and rural residents to adopt DFS. Overall, the findings show that individuals who are significantly more likely to adopt DFS faster are those residing in urban areas, near mobile money agents, banked, with high levels of education and financial literacy, middle-aged, belonging to social groups, and self-employed. In addition, an expansionary macroeconomic environment was associated with greater DFS adoption intensities. The findings also show that gender and income level do not predict the time to DFS adoption in the studied market. This study provides policy and practitioner recommendations for possible actions to accelerate the adoption of DFS.
Management of frontal sinus trauma: a retrospective study of surgical interventions and complications
Authors: Kim InKyeong , Kim Jeong-Mo , Kim Jiha , Lee Seung Jin , Nam Eui-Cheol
Published: January 2024

Background

Frontal sinus injuries are relatively rare among facial bone traumas. Without proper treatment, they can lead to fatal intracranial complications, including meningitis or brain abscesses, as well as aesthetic and functional sequelae. The management of frontal sinus injuries remains controversial, with various treatment methods and outcomes being reported. This article describes the clinical characteristics, surgical methods, and outcomes among 17 patients who underwent surgery for frontal sinus injury and related complications.

Case presentation

We retrospectively included 17 patients who underwent surgery for frontal sinus injury and its related complications at the Kangwon National University Hospital between July 2010 and September 2021. Among them, six underwent simple open reduction and fixation of the anterior wall, eight underwent sinus obliteration, and three underwent cranialization. Two patients who underwent sinus obliteration died due to infection-related complications. The patient who underwent cranialization reported experiencing chronic headache and expressed dissatisfaction regarding the esthetic outcomes of the forehead. Except for these three patients, the other patients achieved satisfactory esthetic and functional recovery.

Conclusion

Active surgical management of frontal sinus injuries is often required owing to the various complications caused by these injuries; however, several factors, including the fracture type, clinical presentation, related craniomaxillofacial injury, and medical history, should be considered while formulating the treatment plan. Surgical treatment through the opening of the frontal sinus should be actively considered in patients with severely damaged posterior wall fractures and those at risk of developing infection.
Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the short entrapment scale in a non-clinical sample of young adults
Authors: Chabbouh Alfred , Charro Elie , Al Tekle Georges-Alain , Soufia Michel , Hallit Souheil
Published: January 2024

Background

Entrapment is the feeling of wanting to leave an unbearable situation but believing that there are no options to do so. An Arabic entrapment Scale will assist healthcare professionals in the region in the prevention of suicide as the tool is tailored to the specific sociocultural context, which would enhance entrapment detection.

Objective

In the current study, we aim to evaluate the psychometric properties of a translated Arabic version of the Entrapment Scale Short Form (E-SF).

Methods

Three hundred eighty-nine Lebanese citizens were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.

Results

The mean age of participants was 23.03 years (SD = 2.93), 69.4% being women. To examine the factor structure of the entrapment scale, we used an exploratory-to-confirmatory factor analysis (EFA-to-CFA) strategy. EFA and CFA results indicated that the fit of the unidimensional model of the Arabic Entrapment Scale (A-ES) was generally acceptable. Composite reliability of scores was adequate in the total sample (ω = .87). All indices suggested that configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported across genders. Entrapment was positively and significantly correlated with suicidal ideation, alcohol use disorder, psychological distress, and orthorexia nervosa, suggesting convergent and divergent validity.

Conclusion

The A-ES was found to be a valid and reliable tool to assess the degree of entrapment in Lebanese young adults. The A-ES will assist healthcare professionals in the region in the prevention of suicide as the tool is tailored to the specific sociocultural context, which would enhance entrapment detection.
Predicting missing sonic logs with seismic constraint
Authors: Pham Nam , Fu Lei , Li Weichang
Published: January 2024

Compressional and shear sonic transit time logs (DT and DTS, respectively) provide important petrophysical and geomechanical information for subsurface characterization. However, they are often not acquired in all wells because of cost limitations or borehole problems. We develop a method to estimate the DT and DTS simultaneously from other commonly acquired well logs such as gamma ray, density, and neutron porosity. Our method consists of two consecutive models to predict the sonic logs and the seismic traces at the well locations. The model predicting the seismic traces adds a spatial constraint to the model predicting the sonic logs. Our method also quantifies the uncertainties of the prediction, which come from the uncertainties of neural network parameters and input data. We train the network on four wells from the Poseidon data set located on the Australian shelf in the Browse Basin. We test the network on the other two wells from the Browse Basin. The test results indicate better predictions of sonic logs when we add the seismic constraint.
Dexamethasone-Free Antiemetic Prophylaxis for Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: A Double-Blind, Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial (CINV POD study)
Authors: Radhakrishnan Venkatraman , Venkatakrishnan Kritthivasan , Perumal Kalaiyarasi Jayachandran , Selvarajan Gangothri , Mahaboobasha Nizamudin , Victor Paulson Vijaykumar , Anbazhagan Malarvizhi , Sivanandam Deyva Manohari , Rajaraman Swaminathan
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE

The effectiveness of a dexamethasone (DEX)-free regimen for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) prophylaxis in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) is not known.

METHODS

This was a double-blind, phase III trial designed to show the noninferiority of a DEX-free regimen (olanzapine, palonosetron, and fosaprepitant [OPF]) compared with the DEX-containing regimen (olanzapine, palonosetron, and DEX [OPD]). Chemotherapy-naïve patients age 18-80 years receiving single-day HEC were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either the OPD regimen or the OPF regimen. The primary objective was to compare complete response (CR) rates for vomiting during the overall period (start of chemotherapy to 120 hours). Secondary objectives included CR for vomiting during the acute period (0-24 hours) and delayed period (24-120 hours), CR for nausea, and comparison of toxicities and patient-reported outcomes.

RESULTS

Three hundred forty-six patients received the study interventions, 174 in the OPD arm and 172 in the OPF arm. The DEX-free OPF arm had significantly higher CR rates for vomiting compared with the DEX-containing OPD arm in acute (94.7% v 85.6%; P < .004), delayed (81.9% v 50.5%; P < .001), and overall (79.6% v 48.8%; P < .001) periods. For nausea, CR rates in the OPF arm were higher in delayed (53.4% v 39.6%; P = .009) and overall (50.5% v 39.1%; P = .031) periods but not in the acute period (77.9% v 81.6%; P = .39). Fatigue ( P = .009) and drowsiness ( P = .002) were more in the OPF arm in the acute period and insomnia ( P < .001) in the OPD arm in the overall period.

CONCLUSION

This study shows that a DEX-free OPF regimen is efficacious and should be considered a standard option for acute and delayed CINV prophylaxis for HEC.
Πολυδιάστατη προσέγγιση της δημιουργικότητας στη μάθηση της γεωμετρίας
Authors: Γρίδος Παναγιώτης
Published: January 2024

Ένας από τους σημαντικότερους στόχους της σημερινής εκπαίδευσης στη διδασκαλία των μαθηματικών είναι η απελευθέρωση της σκέψης και η ανάπτυξη της μαθηματικής δημιουργικότητας των μαθητών. Για να γίνει αυτό πρέπει πρώτα να κατανοήσουμε ποιοι παράγοντες σχετίζονται με τη μαθηματική δημιουργικότητα. Ο σκοπός της διατριβής είναι η διερεύνηση της μαθηματικής δημιουργικότητας μέσα από μια γνωστική και αντιληπτική προσέγγιση στο πεδίο της γεωμετρία. Η διερεύνηση γίνεται σε τέσσερις άξονες: (α) εξετάζεται η επίδραση του τύπου σύλληψης γεωμετρικού σχήματος που ενεργοποιούν οι μαθητές στην παραγωγή πολλαπλών λύσεων, την κατασκευή γεωμετρικού προβλήματος και τη μαθηματική δημιουργικότητα, (β) εξετάζεται πώς η αναγκαιότητα κατασκευής επιπλέον βοηθητικών κατασκευών στο δοθέν σχήμα επηρεάζει την παραγωγή πολλαπλών λύσεων και τις μεταβλητές της δημιουργικότητας, (γ) εξετάζεται πώς η χωρική ικανότητα συνδέεται με τη μαθηματική δημιουργικότητα κατά την παραγωγή πολλαπλών λύσεων, και (δ) εξετάζεται πώς ο τύπος αναπαραστάσεων που ενεργοποιούν οι μαθητές επηρεάζει τη μαθηματική τους δημιουργικότητα. Δείγμα της έρευνας αποτελούν 486 μαθητές δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης από τις τάξεις Γ΄ Γυμνασίου, Α΄Λυκείου, Β΄ Λυκείου και στη συνέχεια επιχειρείται μια πρώτη προσέγγιση των συνιστωσών της έρευνας σε 14 μαθητές προσχολικής ηλικίας. Η συλλογή των δεδομένων έγινε μέσω γραπτών δοκιμίων και μέσω ποιοτικών συνεντεύξεων. Η ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων δείχνει ότι ο τρόπος με τον οποίο οι μαθητές αντιλαμβάνονται το γεωμετρικό σχήμα και η ικανότητα τους να το επεξεργαστούν, η χωρικής τους ικανότητα, η ικανότητα τους να φέρνουν βοηθητικές κατασκευές σε ένα γεωμετρικό σχήμα και ο τρόπος με τον οποίο μπορούν να χειριστούν αναπαραστάσεις αποτελεί σημαντικό παράγοντα πρόβλεψης της μαθηματικής τους δημιουργικότητας.
Why cost-effectiveness thresholds for global health donors should differ from thresholds for Ministries of Health (and why it matters)
Authors: Drake Tom , Chi Y-Ling , Morton Alec , Pitt Catherine
Published: January 2024

Healthcare cost-effectiveness analysis is increasingly used to inform priority-setting in low- and middle-income countries and by global health donors. As part of such analyses, cost-effectiveness thresholds are commonly used to determine what is, or is not, cost-effective. Recent years have seen a shift in best practice from a rule-of-thumb 1x or 3x per capita GDP threshold towards using thresholds that, in theory, reflect the opportunity cost of new investments within a given country. In this paper, we observe that international donors face both different resource constraints and opportunity costs compared to national decision-makers. Hence, their perspective on cost-effectiveness thresholds must be different. We discuss the potential implications of distinguishing between national and donor thresholds and outline broad options for how to approach setting a donor-perspective threshold. Further work is needed to clarify healthcare cost-effectiveness threshold theory in the context of international aid and to develop practical policy frameworks for implementation.
Comparison of growth factors isolated from exosomes present in maternal blood of cleft and non-cleft infants for identification and quantification of growth factors involved in the growth and development of cartilage.
Authors: Soni Nikita , Niranjane Priyanka , Daigavane Pallavi , Shinde Mrudula
Published: January 2024

Background Cleft lip and palate (C.L.P.) is a common congenital condition which affects the orofacial region. The aetiology of C.L.P. is multifaceted and involves genetic and environmental factors that impact the shape and position of the nasal cartilage, resulting in an asymmetrical appearance of the nose. Growth factors are crucial in regulating cartilage synthesis and repair. Exosomes have emerged as a promising cell-free drug delivery system that facilitates intercellular communication and maintains tissue homeostasis. This study identifies and quantifies the growth factors present in exosomes derived from lactating maternal blood of cleft and non-cleft infants and compares them to evaluate the differences. The study aims to assess the potential of these exosomes as a therapeutic approach for C.L.P. management. Methods Blood samples were collected from lactating mothers at Sharad Pawar Dental College and isolating plasma using centrifugation. Exosome and total protein isolation will be conducted in the laboratory, and immunoblotting will evaluate growth factors. Quantitative and comparative protein and growth factor analysis will be conducted separately for maternal blood samples. Results The growth factors responsible for cartilage growth and development will be present in maternal exosomes, potentially leading to novel therapies for C.L.P. management. The study aims to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of exosomes, as carriers of intra-cellular factors, in transporting growth factors to the required site for managing C.L.P. Conclusions Overall, by understanding the roles played by growth factors, intercellular communication, and genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of C.L.P., this research can contribute to creating effective treatment strategies for C.L.P. management. Finding growth factors in exosomes made from the blood of nursing mothers could be a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy for treating C.L.P.
Ketogenic Diets and Cancer: Emerging Evidence
Authors: Tan-Shalaby Jocelyn
Published: January 2024

Combining a ketogenic diet with standard chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic options may help improve tumor response, although more research is needed.
National and Regional Identity as Factors of Societal Activism
Authors: Michalewski Tomasz
Published: January 2024

The author’s intention is to substantiate the thesis involvement in local and regional activities, identification with the values of the region (tradition, culture, language/dialect) strengthens patriotism, attachment not only to the small homeland, but also the country of origin. This thesis is supported by the biography of an activist and publisher, Marta Liguda-Pawletowa, who pursued ambitious social goals through her emotional bond with Silesia, by book-publishing and distribution of Polish literature in the region.