bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHT-TRANSMITTING CONCRETE
Authors: Kravcov A. , Makaeva A. , Odenbah I.
Published: October 2024

Light-transmitting concrete with transparent elements based on polymethyl methacrylate is an innovative material that provides energy efficiency and decorative effects in buildings and structures. However, its cost and production complexity limit its widespread application. The aim of the study is to analyze the influence of transparent polymethyl methacrylate elements with a width of 30 mm and a thickness of 1.2 mm on the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete, particularly its strength properties. During the study of the influence of light-transmitting inclusions on the characteristics of concrete, it was found that with an increase in their volumetric fraction from 2.8% to 8.9%, there is a 60% decrease in the flexural strength of the concrete, while its compressive strength increases by 34% compared to concrete samples without light-transmitting elements. A two-factor experiment was used to determine the influence of the water-cement ratio and the consumption of polypropylene fiber on the strength characteristics of translucent concrete, while the volumetric content of polymethyl methacrylate elements, their shape and size, as well as their placement within the concrete body, were constant. The study demonstrates that light-transmitting concrete exhibits strength characteristics that allow using it as a material for enclosing structures, contributing to more efficient use of natural lighting.
THE METHODOLOGY OF CHOOSING RESOURCE-SAVING ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS AT THE STAGE OF COMPLETION OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF BUILDINGS
Authors: Oparina L. , Vlasova E.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the main aspects of resource and energy conservation at the stage of completion of the life cycle of buildings. It is shown that the stage of completion of the life cycle is extremely important for buildings and other capital construction projects and requires a systematic approach to the choice of organizational and technological solutions for the liquidation or reconstruction of the building. The concept of the final stage of the life cycle of buildings has been clarified. The importance of making resource-saving organizational and technical decisions taken at the stage of completion of the life cycle of buildings is shown. Indicators have been developed for making appropriate organizational and technical decisions. The methodology of choosing organizational and technological solutions at the stage of completion of the life cycle of buildings, taking into account resource conservation, is presented. The methodology includes several stages, the results of which are a star-shaped infographic model of the values of organizational and technological solutions, which is created at the stage of completion of the life cycle of buildings. The methodology takes into account the indicators of resource and energy consumption for the implementation of various organizational and technological solutions. Calculation formulas for use in the infographic model are proposed: material consumption, labor costs of workers, financial costs labor costs of construction machines and mechanisms energy intensity of construction reconstruction. The proposed model is used to evaluate and select options for the feasibility of reorganizing buildings at the end of their life cycle, taking into account resource and energy conservation.
The Potential Role of Sediment Iron and Sulfur Speciation in Seagrass Meadow Loss and Recovery
Authors: Haviland Katherine A. , Howarth Robert W. , Giblin Anne E. , Marino Roxanne
Published: October 2024

Oxidized iron (Fe) can reduce seagrass dieback when present in sufficient quantities in the sediment to fix sulfide as pyrite (FeS
2
) or iron monosulfide (FeS). However, the oxidized Fe pool may become depleted over time as Fe is reduced and precipitated with sulfides. In this study, we estimated long-term variations in the speciation of solid forms of reduced and oxidized Fe along a eutrophication gradient in West Falmouth Harbor (WFH) (a temperate lagoon with substantial seagrass meadows) and conducted a 6-week microcosm study to assess the role of oxidized Fe in supporting seagrass recovery. We planted seagrass in sediments obtained from 2 WFH regions with differing Fe speciation. We found depletion of oxidized Fe over a decade following a seagrass dieback, even when the soluble sulfide levels decreased to concentrations unlikely to cause toxicity in seagrass. The continued absence of large concentrations of available oxidized Fe minerals in sediments, where most Fe was bound in FeS
2
, could impede the recovery of seagrass in formerly vegetated regions. Seagrass grown in sediments with low Fe:S ratios exhibited an increased probability of survival after 4 weeks. Field and laboratory results indicated that even when the soluble sulfide levels decrease after seagrass dieback, sediments may not be able to support seagrass recovery due to the legacy effects of eutrophication on the sediment Fe pool. However, we observed signs of reoxidation in the Fe pool within a few years of seagrass dieback, including a decrease in the total sediment S concentration, which could help spur recolonization.
Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2, a Novel Target of Flavivirus NS2B3 Protease, Promotes Zika Virus Replication by Regulating Lipid Droplet Formation
Authors: Luo Xiaotong , Yuan Yunxiang , Ma Xiaocao , Luo Xin , Chen Jiannan , Chen Cancan , Yang Xiaoyi , Yang Jinna , Zhu Xuanfeng , Li Meiyu , Liu Yang , Zhang Ping , Liu Chao
Published: October 2024

Various lipid metabolism-related factors are essential for Zika virus (ZIKV) replication. In this study, we revealed a crucial role of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) in ZIKV replication using a short hairpin RNA-based gene knockdown technique. The replication of ZIKV was significantly inhibited by DGAT2 depletion in multiple cell lines and restored by trans-complementation with DGAT2. Mechanistically, DGAT2 is recruited in the viral replication complex by interacting with non-structural (NS) proteins. Among them, both human and murine DGAT2s can be cleaved by NS2B3 at the
122
R-R-S
124
site. Interestingly, the cleavage product of DGAT2 becomes more stable and is sufficient to promote the lipid droplet (LD) formation independent of its enzymatic activity. This work identifies DGAT2 as a novel target of the viral protease NS2B3 and elucidates that DGAT2 is recruited by viral proteins into the replication complex, thereby playing a proviral role by promoting LD formation, which advances our understanding of host–flavivirus interaction.
Tryptophan Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome by Inhibiting Intestinal Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling: The Role of Gut Microbiota–Bile Acid Crosstalk
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Yang Hao , Qin Yingjie , Zhou Xinbo , Ma Qingquan
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims:
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by obesity and multiple metabolic disorders. Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid, and its metabolism is linked to numerous physiological functions and diseases. However, the mechanisms by which Trp affects MS are not fully understood.

Methods and Results:
In this study, experiments involving a high-fat diet (HFD) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) were conducted to investigate the role of Trp in regulating metabolic disorders. In a mouse model, Trp supplementation inhibited intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling and promoted hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis and excretion, accompanied by elevated levels of conjugated BAs and the ratio of non-12-OH to 12-OH BAs in hepatic and fecal BA profiles. As Trp alters the gut microbiota and the abundance of bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-enriched microbes, we collected fresh feces from Trp-supplemented mice and performed FMT and sterile fecal filtrate (SFF) inoculations in HFD-treated mice. FMT and SFF not only displayed lipid-lowering properties but also inhibited intestinal FXR signaling and increased hepatic BA synthesis. This suggests that the gut microbiota play a beneficial role in improving BA metabolism through Trp. Furthermore, fexaramine (a gut-specific FXR agonist) reversed the therapeutic effects of Trp, suggesting that Trp acts through the FXR signaling pathway. Finally, validation in a finishing pig model revealed that Trp improved lipid metabolism, enlarged the hepatic BA pool, and altered numerous glycerophospholipid molecules in the hepatic lipid profile.

Conclusion:
Our studies suggest that Trp inhibits intestinal FXR signaling mediated by the gut microbiota–BA crosstalk, which in turn promotes hepatic BA synthesis, thereby ameliorating MS.
СТВОРЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО ОСВІТНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ЯК ПІДАГОГІЧНА УМОВА ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНШОМОВНОЇ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ УЧНІВ У ЗАКЛАДАХ НЕФОРМАЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ КИТАЮ
Authors: Цайджин Чжан , Гризун Л.
Published: October 2024

У роботі розглянуто актуальну проблему формування іншомовної комунікативної компетентність (ІКК) учнів в закладах неформальної освіти Китаю. У роботі обґрунтовано, що створення інформаційного освітнього середовища для формування ІКК учнів у закладах неформальної освіти Китаю як однієї із провідних педагогічних умов такого формування потребує окремого пророблення. Проведено аналіз особливостей іншомовної неформальної освіти в КНР, сформульовано сутність ІКК та визначено її основні компоненти. Проаналізовано сутність інформаційного середовища сучасного навчального закладу. Виокремлено складові такого середовища для успішного формування іншомовної комунікативної компетентності учнів в закладах неформальної освіти Китаю. Висвітлено сутність і наповнення кожної складової середовища, спрямованої на формування відповідного компонента ІКК учнів: інформаційно-технологічна складова середовища призначена для формування та розвитку лінгвістичного компонента ІКК; мотиваційна складова, що є системою мотиваційних факторів, спрямована на формування соціолінгвістичного та прагматичного компонента ІКК учнів; комунікативна складова середовища має забезпечувати розвиток практично-діяльнісного компонента ІКК. Проаналізовано зв’язок між виокремленими складовими та їх багатофункціональність. Встановлено, що означене середовище має бути побудовано у такий спосіб, щоб надавати учням гнучкий та динамічний простір для навчання та спілкування. Воно має постійно розвиватися, оновлюватися, доповнюватися, зусиллями як викладацького складу, так і самих учнів. Отже, інформаційне освітнє середовище, структуроване і побудоване за такими засадами, можна розглядати як ефективний засіб розвитку ІКК учнів, адже воно є системою складових, скерованих на розвиток усіх компонент означеної компетентності у комплексі. Побудова та впровадження такого середовища слід вважати необхідною умовою формування та розвитку ІКК учнів у закладах неформальної освіти Китаю.
Discharge Against Medical Advice From Emergency Department of Sina Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study of the Involved Causes and Factors
Authors: Shirmohammadi Mohammad , Bouraghi Hamid , Karimi Belal , Mohammadpour Ali
Published: October 2024

Background: Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) is a significant issue that causes problems for the patient and the hospital. It is possible to improve healthcare quality by examining the causes and factors affecting DAMA. The present study investigated the causes of DAMA in the emergency department of Sina Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency department of Sina Hospital in Hamedan. The research population included 125 patients. A valid checklist was used to collect data. The information collected by the checklist included demographics, information related to hospitalization, and reasons for DAMA and re-admission of the patient after 15 days. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 statistical software. Results: In this study, 125 DAMA patients were investigated, including 86 males with an average age of 30.48 years and an average length of hospitalization of 6.12 hours. Most of the patients were between 31 and 50 years old (70.4%) and married (62.2%). Furthermore, most of them were hospitalized (51.2%) or discharged (47.2%) during the night shift. The main reason for DAMA was the reasons related to the patient (60.8%), and the reasons related to the hospital staff (22.4%) and the condition of the hospital (16.8%) were in the next ranks. The main reasons related to the patient were the feeling of enough recovery, the desire to continue treatment at home (35.5%), and the desire to visit private centers (18.4%). Conclusion: Given that the majority of discharge cases were related to patient-related issues, it is possible to reduce the rate of discharge against medical advice by using techniques such as informing patients about the treatment process, the problems of early discharge, equipping the hospital with diagnostic-therapeutic means, and controlling the quality of medical services.
Real-World Geopolitical Influences on In-Game Financial Behaviour
Authors: Dwivedi Raghav , Vemuri Kavita
Published: October 2024

This paper explores how real-world geopolitics can influence financial decision-making in virtual environments. The study primarily focuses on trading dynamics in a pandemic simulation game. The players manage resources and trade with each other to save their population. We compared two groups: one playing with made-up country names (control) and another with real country names (test). The players were not permitted to communicate outside of the resources the game provides and were finally ranked based on the number of months survived and trade volume. Our findings reveal two distinct player archetypes, one focusing on maximising trade volume and a second focusing on resource conservation. Real country names compared to color-coded labels seem to delay the perception of competition and reduce overall trade volume, suggesting increased immersion and a more conservative approach towards resource management. Observations from gameplay footage reveal instances of potential bias, with players forming diplomatic ties based on national identities. The data collected suggests that real-world geopolitics can influence financial behaviour in virtual environments as hypothesised. It also explores virtual environments to study how political narratives and dynamics affect human decision-making. The findings offer practical insights for game developers regarding fostering player engagement, mitigating bias, and creating fair economies. While parallels with real-world resource trading and allocation during pandemics were noted, further analysis would be required to explore these connections.
The Circular Game: The Impact of Gaming on Sustainable Behaviour
Authors: Marcos Sonia , Quevedo-Puente Esther , Pérez-Cornejo Clara , López-García Blanca
Published: October 2024

The main objective of this paper is to assess the impact of The Circular Game use on participants' sustainable awareness, learning and behaviour. The Circular Game is a strategy board game to learn about sustainability, improve environmental awareness, apply circular economy strategies, and train to design innovative and circular business models. Researchers will analyse changes in participants' sustainable knowledge, awareness, and behaviour before and after participation in the game with ad hoc questionnaires. The results of this analysis will allow us to test whether the emotions generated during the play-based learning process can condition their environmental awareness, learning and behaviour towards greater sustainability in the future. The game can generate emotions in participants and work teams, promote collaborative and green knowledge acquisition, and help bachelor and master students and employees apply theoretical knowledge to real-world situations. Similarly, companies and entrepreneurs need a relaxed environment to present their ideas and proposals for improvement. This methodology uses game elements in academic or working environments to stimulate and challenge participants to incorporate sustainable business choices. The Circular Game is a game in which participants compete to be the company that applies the most circular economy strategies in its business model. The groups advance through a circular board where, depending on the squares they land on, they can earn money, invest in circular economy strategies, and add or reduce CO2 emissions. The winner will be the one who has completed all the circular economy strategies set out in the game with the minimum of CO2 emissions. The social impact is substantial as it is a methodology that can be applied in any field, educational or business. The impact will be more significant if the game's objective, to be more sustainable, is translated into the participants' real lives.
The use of Educational Escape Rooms in the Lifelong Training of Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Vankúš Peter , Čujdíková Mária
Published: October 2024

Educational escape rooms represent an innovative and engaging educational approach, with a high potential for the development of problem-solving and collaboration skills. That is why it is important to familiarize teachers with them and support them for their use in the teaching practice. Our paper presents a case study investigating the utilization of two versions of digital educational escape rooms (DEERs) within the lifelong training of mathematics teachers. Thirty-two mathematics educators of pupils aged 10 to 19 participated in the research. DEERs were developed in two digital platforms: Room Escape Maker and Google Forms, offering an interactive adventure game and a story-based text game, respectively. The study aimed to explore teachers' perceptions of these DEER versions and their potential applications in teaching. Data collection employed observation and a questionnaire survey, followed by qualitative evaluation through thematic analysis. The research's limitations include the sample size and the specifications of the utilized DEERs.
Bending Rules, Telling Stories: Convivial Game Design Approaches for Engaging With Futures
Authors: Meshcheryakova Anna O. , Hemmert Fabian
Published: October 2024

Games have been used in civic participation (Lerner, 2014) and civic learning (Raphael et al. 2010). Building on the idea of using games for participation, democracy and collaboration, we propose approaching games as tools for convivial learning. First introduced by Illich (1973), the concept of conviviality envisions a society characterised by collaboration and self-determination, underpinned by tools that encourage joyful interaction, creativity and human agency through control over the tools. We believe that games as convivial tools could help bring forth creativity and mutual learning about civic processes and desirable futures. Yet, games’ nature as rigid systems of rules (Salen & Zimmerman, 2010) seems potentially at odds with positioning them as tools promoting agency. We propose to use the tension arising between rigidity and agency as starting point for exploring game design strategies for convivial games through research-through-design. We ask how games for thinking about the future may be designed that allow players to exercise control over their own experience, and to what effect. Inspired by the concept of critical play (Flanagan, 2009; Grace, 2014) and building on the distinction between narrative and mechanics as key constituting game elements, we have designed two distinct games for collaboratively engaging with the future. The first, Narrate, focuses on letting players invent their own narrative, whilst the second game Remix allows for experimentation with game rules and mechanics. We present the design process for each game and contrast the different approaches taken. Each game was tested by two groups and analysed in regards to its capacity to bring forth conviviality, creativity and collaboration. The paper compares and provides a discussion on how suitable the two chosen strategies of experimenting with narrative or mechanics are for (1) facilitating thinking and learning about shared futures, and (2) supporting player agency and bringing forth convivial interactions.
Design and Evaluation of the Digital Algebra Game for Children
Authors: Kaymakci-Ustuner Kubra , Law Effie Lai-Chong , Li Frederick W.B.
Published: October 2024

Children may find learning algebra challenging as the algebraic concepts are abstract for them. To address this challenge, contextualizing algebraic concepts through storytelling and gamification can foster a more enjoyable and comprehensive learning experience. In this study, we introduced the Digital Algebra Game (DAG), a low-fidelity prototype designed to leverage digital game-based learning and storytelling frameworks. Our evaluation involved 96 children aged 9 to 11, along with four teachers, in a primary school setting. Thematic analysis of interview data revealed a positive reception of DAG among both children and teachers. The most unique feature of this game lies in students' ability to transform equations into stories. This approach is believed to not only enhance students' creative thinking but also contribute to their success in mathematics Furthermore, the narratives constructed by students around equations within their daily lives with familiar objects are particularly noteworthy. These insights underscore the potential of incorporating personal experiences into educational game design to enhance engagement and understanding. By bridging the gap between abstract concepts and tangible experiences, educational games like DAG have the potential to enhance learning processes and make mathematics more accessible and enjoyable for children.
Acceptance and use of Video Games for Education by Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Cole Caitlin , Parada Roberto , Mackenzie Erin
Published: October 2024

Video games (VGs) are frequently described as a transformational force within education and the use of video game technology for learning is becoming more common across all education sectors. Despite this, most literature regarding VGs in education focuses on measuring specific learning or engagement outcomes, and there is less of an emphasis on the attitudes of teachers on the uses of VGs in the classroom. A comprehensive understanding of teacher attitudes towards VGs within education is essential for their successful implementation within the classroom. This paper will present the development and progress of a PhD project that aims to explore the factors that influence secondary Australian teachers’ attitudes towards, and intentions to use, VGs within their own teaching. An online survey was used to collect data on teacher beliefs about technology and VGs and the factors that influence VG acceptance. A subsample of participants were also interviewed about their experiences and opinions in relation to VGs. This paper focuses on the proposed thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews. Respondents were divided into groups based on their opinions of, and level of experience with, VGs in teaching. The qualitative results provide a detailed and nuanced investigation of teacher attitudes and beliefs in relation to their competencies, obstacles, and facilitators of VGs use for teaching. The findings of this research will assist in building a deep understanding of VG use in secondary classrooms assisting game developers, administrators, teachers, and policy makers in decisions relating to effective and meaningful video game use within education.
Transe-Cognition: Thinking from the Self
Authors: Delmonte Gabriella , Lattuada Pier Luigi
Published: October 2024

After an analysis of the state of the art in today's educational landscape, an innovative and trans for mative learning system, Transe Learning, is proposed.
Its general outlines, its connections to the wisdom traditions of mankind will be taken into consideration and its applicability in contemporary society will be highlighted in the context of education as an integral and transformative process that accompanies the individual through out thee volutionary arc of his or her life span development.
Finally, Transe-cognition will be presented as the system of thought necessary to draw on the resources offered by Transe Learning, outlining its cornerstones such as: Second Attention, Further Mode and Integral Thinking.
High School Students and Cultural Capital from the Perspective of Teachers
Authors: dos Santos Glaucia Ribeiro , Ramos de Andrade Maria de Fátima , Souza Neto João Clemente de , Nicoletti Mizukami Maria da Graça , Barbato Schwartz Rosana Maria Pires
Published: October 2024

The present research aims to investigate how the high school, from the perspective of the teachers, has been contributing to the cultural formation of its students. This is a qualitative study with a descriptive-analytical approach, which used questionnaires and interviews as data collection procedures. With the data generated from the research, we were able to trace the profile of the participants and learn how teachers develop practices favorable to the expansion of cultural capital. With the analysis of the data, we found some obstacles that teachers face when they intend to develop practices that promote cultural development. They are: structural difficulties, little pedagogical support from the management team, lack of time for the organization of pedagogical work and lack of interest from the students themselves. In addition, the study pointed out that teachers have little experience with cultural actions.
Proclaimed and Real Purposes of Policies for Regulation of Access to Higher Education in Brazil (1997-2017)
Authors: Teixeira Maia Zilka Sulamita , Santos Wagner dos
Published: October 2024

The article aimed to analyze the purposes of educational policies that reformed the last stage of basic education (high school) and higher education in Brazil, between 1997 and 2017, considering the mode of state regulation established in its relationship with access to education Brazilian public superior. Starting from a Marxian theoretical perspective, we undertook descriptive and explanatory research taking as sources the legal provisions enacted in the period that reformed secondary education and higher education in the period established in the study. The analysis of the proclaimed and real purposes of the devices showed that although there are specific regulations for higher education, access to this level is also impacted by policies relating to basic education, especially secondary education, which is why we infer that the regulation of basic and higher education produced in the period calibrates processes of state regulation of access to higher education. To the extent that they are reforming policies that directly (higher education) and indirectly (secondary education), due to their purposes analyzed here, have an impact on expanding or slowing access to higher education, highlighting societal and educational projects in dispute that, for a certain period, they maintain hegemony by implementing their policies. expanding or slowing down access to higher education, highlighting societal and educational projects in dispute that, for a certain period, hold hegemony by implementing their policies.
ИНВАЛИДЫ ПО ЗРЕНИЮ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА: УДОВЛЕТВОРЕННОСТЬ ЖИЗНЬЮ И ЕЕ ПРЕДИКТОРЫ
Authors: Кантор В.З. , Немирова Н.В. , Колосов А.Б.
Published: October 2024

В статье по материалам проведенного в десяти регионах РФ онлайн-анкетирования 433 слепых и слабовидящих 65–94 лет констатируется, что в целом пожилые инвалиды по зрению скорее удовлетворены жизнью, чем не удовлетворены. Уровень удовлетворенности, однако, опосредуется степенью имеющихся у них ограничений жизнедеятельности и их социально-типологическими характеристиками — общими, социально-демографического плана, и специфическими, тифлологическими, в свете чего обнаруживаются соответствующие предикторы удовлетворенности. В аспекте ограничений жизнедеятельности в качестве таковых выступают способности, отражающие все основные категории жизнедеятельности. В разрезе социально-демографических характеристик пожилых инвалидов по зрению предикторами их удовлетворенности жизнью являются этап старости, на котором находится слепой или слабовидящий, включенность в семейно-бытовые отношения, образовательный статус, продолжение трудовой деятельности, наличие хобби и материальное положение, а в разрезе тифлологических характеристик — возрастной период, когда возникло инвалидизирующее нарушение зрительных функций, сохранность остаточного зрения при слепоте, а также опыт прохождения курса реабилитации.

The article, based on an online survey of 433 blind and visually impaired people aged 65–94 years conducted in 10 regions of the Russian Federation, states that, in general, older visually impaired people are more satisfied with life than dissatisfied. However, the level of satisfaction is mediated by the level that they have and their socio-typological well-being - general, socio-demographic plans, and typical, typhlological ones, in the light of which the corresponding predictors of satisfaction are discovered. In terms of disability, all major categories of life activity are reflected as such outstanding abilities. In the context of the socio-demographic characteristics of elderly visually impaired people, predictors of their satisfaction with life are the stage of old age at which blind or visually impaired people find themselves, involvement in family and household relationships, high educational status, continuation of employment, including in the system of the Association of the Blind, the presence of hobbies and financial situation, and in terms of typhological characteristics — the age period when the disabling impairment of visual functions arose, the preservation of residual vision in case of blindness, as well as the experience of undergoing a rehabilitation course.
ИНФЛАМЕЙДЖИНГ: СИГНАЛЬНАЯ РОЛЬ БЕЛКА р65 ИЗ СЕМЕЙСТВА NF-κB
Authors: Белова Ю.И. , Зубарева Т.С. , Панфилова А.С. , Федорина А.И. , Миронова Е.С.
Published: October 2024

Инфламэйджинг — хроническое вялотекущее воспаление, вызванное нарушением регуляции иммунной системы при старении. Этот процесс связан с высоким риском развития возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний, таких как патология сердечно-сосудистой системы, нейродегенеративные расстройства, метаболические нарушения. Транскрипционный фактор NF-κB является одним из основных регуляторов врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета — его активация приводит к экспрессии генов, кодирующих синтез провоспалительных цитокинов и хемокинов. Исследование возрастных изменений экспрессии белков из семейства транскрипционных факторов NF-κB расширит представление о механизмах инфламейджинга, а также откроет перспективы в разработке новых методов противовоспалительной терапии. Количественное определение содержания данной биомолекулы в лимфоцитах и буккальном эпителии может явиться методологической основой для скрининга и малоинвазивной диагностики инфламейджинга.

Inflamaging is a chronic, low-grade inflammation that occurs due to a disruption in the regulation of the immune system during the aging process. This condition is associated with an increased risk of age-related illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative conditions, and metabolic disorders. Transcription factor NF-κB is one of the primary regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, and its activation leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that contribute to inflamaging. Understanding the age-related alterations in the levels of proteins from the NF-κB family will help us to better comprehend the mechanisms underlying inflamaging and develop more effective treatments for chronic inflammation. The quantification of this biomolecule in lymphocytes and oral epithelial cells could serve as a basis for a minimally invasive screening test for inflamaging diagnosis.
МЕДИАННЫЙ ВОЗРАСТ ПАЦИЕНТОВ В ПРОЕКЦИИ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ
Authors: Сагинбаев У.Р. , Ахмедов Т.А. , Рукавишников Н.А.
Published: October 2024

На популяционном уровне ускоренное старение может проявляться в виде ранней манифестации возраст-ассоциированной патологии. Ранее нами в качестве показателя очередности манифестации различных заболеваний был обоснован возрастной индекс заболеваемости (ВИЗ). В то же время, представляется необходимым объяснить математическую связь между медианным возрастом и ВИЗ. Цель исследования — математическое обоснование применимости ВИЗ как косвенного показателя медианного возраста пациентов. В качестве материалов выступили данные из медицинских учетно-отчетных форм по обращаемости в поликлинику с впервые установленным диагнозом. Проведена оценка медианного возраста с помощью формулы расчета по интервальным рядам. Медианный возраст пациентов, рассчитанный с помощью формулы расчета по интервальным рядам, составил 50,6 года. Составив и преобразовав систему уравнений, получена формула расчета медианного возраста с помощью ВИЗ. Расчет с помощью модифицированной формулы показал аналогичный медианный возраст. Таким образом, продемонстрирована математическая связь между ВИЗ и медианным возрастом пациента. Статистически обоснована состоятельность применения ВИЗ как показателя медианного возраста пациента и, как следствие, возраста манифестации заболевания на популяционном уровне.

At the population level, accelerated aging can manifest itself as an early manifestation of age-associated pathology. Earlier, as an indicator of the order of manifestation of various diseases, we substantiated the age-specific incidence index (ASII), which is the ratio of the primary incidence rate among people over working age to the same indicator for the entire adult population. At the same time, it seems necessary to explain the mathematical relationship between median age and ASII. The purpose of the study: mathematically prove the applicability of the age-specific incidence index as an indirect indicator of the median age of patients. The materials were data from medical reporting forms on the appeal to the clinic with a newly diagnosed. The median age was estimated using the interval series calculation formula. The median age of patients calculated using the interval series calculation formula was 50.6 years. Having compiled and transformed the system of equations, the formula for calculating the median age using ASII was obtained. Calculation with the modified formula showed a similar median age. From a clinical perspective, the early development of age-related diseases is identical to premature aging. In the future, the mathematically proven ASII indicator will make it possible to develop a strategy for screening premature aging, and will also become one of the tools for the promising direction of gerontology — biohorology. Thus, the mathematical relationship between ASII and median age is demonstrated. The validity of the use of ASII as an indicator of the median age of the patient and, as a result, the age of manifestation of the disease at the population level was statistically proven.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕТОДА ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-ТОПИЧЕСКОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ДЛЯ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ ПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ВОЗРАСТНОЙ МАКУЛЯРНОЙ ДЕГЕНЕРАЦИЕЙ
Authors: Меркулова Г.А. , Пестрякова Я.Ф.
Published: October 2024

Наряду с увеличением продолжительности жизни и старением населения отмечают повышение заболеваемости возрастной макулярной дегенерацией (ВМД), которая часто приводит к слепоте или необратимому снижению зрения и оказывает выраженное влияние на качество жизни человека. Применение комплекса диагностических методик в офтальмологической практике для расширения возможностей ранней диагностики и прогнозирования заболевания является актуальным. Проведено скрининговое обследование пациентов с ВМД. Применяли технологию регистрации глобальной ритмической активности мозга с узкополосной фильтрацией и большим временем суммации с выделением преимущественно длительно текущих ритмических колебаний в частотном спектре 0,1– 30 Гц. Определены особенности состояния вегетативных рецепторов глаза при ВМД. Выделены прогностически значимые признаки изменения спектра активирующей системы мозга при ранней и поздней стадиях ВМД. Получена информационная характеристика веса признака развития ВМД, что позволило выделить офтальмологический статус пациентов с ВМД. Функционально-топическую диагностику на основе анализа ритмической активности головного мозга можно использовать как дополнительный неинвазивный диагностический скрининг-тест развития ВМД, что обеспечит своевременное и грамотно назначенное лечение и позволит достичь лучших отдаленных клинических исходов.

Along with increasing life expectancy and aging of the population, there is an increase in the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which often leads to blindness or irreversible vision loss and has a pronounced impact on the quality of life. Application of an extended complex of diagnostic techniques in ophthalmologic practice in order to expand the possibilities of early diagnosis and prognosis of the disease is urgent. Screening examination of patients with AMD was carried out. The technology of registration of global rhythmic activity of the brain with narrow-band filtering and long summation time was applied with the allocation of mainly long-lasting rhythmic oscillations in the frequency spectrum of 0,1–30 Hz. The peculiarities of the state of autonomic receptors of the eye in AMD have been determined. The prognostically significant signs of changes in the spectrum of the brain activating system at early and late stages of AMD were identified. The information characteristic of the weight of the sign of AMD development was obtained; that allowed to distinguish the ophthalmologic status of patients with AMD. The use of functional-topical diagnostics based on spectral analysis of rhythmic brain activity can be used as an additional non-invasive diagnostic screening test for early development of AMD, which will ensure timely and competently prescribed treatment and allow to achieve better long-term clinical outcomes.
РОЛЬ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ МИКРОБИОТЫ КИШЕЧНИКА ПРИ БОЛЕЗНИ АЛЬЦГЕЙМЕРА
Authors: Турсуметова Д.Р. , Хан Ю. , Ткачёва Л.В. , Раевский К.П.
Published: October 2024

Болезнь Альцгеймера вызывает постепенное стойкое ухудшение когнитивных функций у людей пожилого возраста, нанося социальный и экономический ущерб обществу. За последние десятилетия человечество значительно продвинулось в изучении болезни Альцгеймера, однако методов, позволяющих полноценно контролировать заболевание, не существует. Недостаточная эффективность существующих методов лечения подчеркивает необходимость поиска новых подходов. Обзор посвящен изучению последних данных о роли микробиоты в механизмах формирования и прогрессирования болезни Альцгеймера, а также возможным путям терапевтического воздействия через микробиоту на процессы нейродегенерации с учетом выявленных взаимосвязей. В статье рассмотрена ось микробиота кишечника – головной мозг как звено в патогенезе нейровоспаления. Проанализированы новые данные о влиянии микробиоты кишечника на нейродегенеративные процессы через метаболические, нервные, иммунные механизмы. Новые данные выявляют корреляцию особенностей микробиоты и возникновения и/или прогрессирования болезни Альцгеймера, расширяя понимание патогенеза заболевания. Упоминается роль микробиоты полости рта в процессах нейродегенерации, что подчеркивает многообразие механизмов этого заболевания. Обсуждаются имеющиеся направления терапии болезни Альцгеймера — применение пробиотиков и пребиотиков, трансплантация фекальной микробиоты, коррекция диеты.

Alzheimer’s disease causes gradual, persistent deterioration of cognitive function in the elderly, causing social and economic damage to society. Over the past decades, mankind has made significant progress in the study of Alzheimer’s disease, but there are no methods to fully control the disease. The lack of effectiveness of existing treatment methods emphasizes the need to search for new approaches. The present review is devoted to the study of the latest data regarding the role of microbiota in the mechanisms of formation and progression of Alzheimer’s disease, possible therapeutic ways to influence the processes of neurodegeneration through microbiota and taking into account identified relationships. The article considers the axis gut microbiota – brain as a link in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation. New data on the influence of gut microbiota on neurodegenerative processes through metabolic, nervous, and immune mechanisms is analyzed. New data reveals correlations between microbiota specifics and the origin and/or progression of Alzheimer’s disease, expanding the understanding of disease pathogenesis. The role of the oral microbiota in neurodegeneration processes is mentioned, emphasizing the diverse mechanisms of this disease. Available therapies for Alzheimer’s disease are discussed, including probiotics and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary correction.
Central composite experimental design for Indigo Carmine dye removal from solutions by applying electro-coagulation and electro-oxidation processes
Authors: Korkmaz Mustafa
Published: October 2024

Textile and food industries produce toxic or harmfull dye-containing wastewaters that should be treated for safely discharge. The electro-coagulation (EC) and the electro-oxidation (EO) methods for removal of dyes from wastewaters are being investigated nowadays by researchers. In this study, the Indigo Carmine, a textile and food coloring agent, removal was investigated by applying the electro-coagulation and the electro-oxidation methods. For this purpose, aluminum electrodes for EC and graphite plates for EO were used. The central composite experimental design was applied as the optimization method for the EC and the EO processes. The optimization parameters were selected as time (10-30 minutes), current density (0.4-2 Ampere/500 mL) and concentration (50-250 mg/L), natural pH (5.78-6.90) and room temperature (20-25 °C). The EO process was determined to be effective than the EC process. Statistically important parameters were concentration and time-current density interaction for the EC, but all the parameters were statistically unimportant for the EO. Dye removal percentages by the EC were calculated between 82.75% and 98.38%, and dye removal percentages by the EO were calculated between 46.88% and 100% for the determined experimental matrix. Electrical consumptions were almost equal for the EO and the EO prosesses. A column ion exchange process (Selion SBA 2000 resin) was applied to the dye residue after the EO treatment. From the oxidation reduction measurements, the treated solutions were determined as dischargeable.
Development of a database for managing social service students using MATLAB
Authors: González-Galindo Edgar Alfredo , Luna-Alanís Héctor Nathán , González-Ledesma Alberto , Castro-Pérez Joseph Kevin
Published: October 2024

This work presents the development and implementation of a
database for managing social service students using MATLAB.
The system is designed to optimize and automate the processes
of data entry, updating, deletion, and generation of student
reports. The database includes essential fields such as student ID,
name, account number, initial and final service periods, start and
end dates, project title, and completion status. Users interact with
the system through a menu-based interface in MATLAB,
allowing easy addition, deletion, and modification of records.
The system exports the database to a PDF report using MATLAB
as a LaTeX editor, executing automatically. This solution
reduces administrative workload in the laboratory, improving the
efficiency and reliability of managing social service students.
Narrativa pedagógica; una praxis reflexiva formando a formadores
Authors: Martín del Campo-Aceves Ma. Isabel
Published: October 2024

Las principales aportaciones a la generación de Ciencia y Tecnología de esta investigación, que focaliza el seguimiento y valoración de la propia práctica del docente formador de las escuelas normales del país, radican en la praxis educativa al incorporar un dispositivo metodológico de corte cualitativo como lo es la Narrativa pedagógica, permitiendo al facilitador interpretar e interpelar sus formas de intervención profesional, desde un análisis profundo que toca necesariamente sentires personales que se expresan en dichas prácticas; reflexión-confrontación que mucho trasciende la simple utilización de instrumentos que solo llegan a calificar una serie de indicadores, permitiendo con ello una transformación consciente de enfoques pedagógicos que prioricen una educación humanizadora y emancipadora de los educandos. De esta manera, dos aspectos claves para comprender su aplicación y generación de conocimiento universal inciden en la visión del docente como un ser histórico en trasformación constante y el entendimiento e incorporación de la propuesta metodológica a través sus “momentos de control” (fases). Llegando a la conclusión de que el cambio y evolución de la práctica docente de quien forma a formadores de la educación básica, parte de vivenciar sus propias “tensiones pedagógicas”, pues desde un sentir consciente y de autoexigencia se logra recuperar, reconstruir y resignificar las formas de enseñanza.
Contexto y desafíos de la internacionalización de la educación superior en las universidades centroamericanas
Authors: Aráuz-Arancivia Elvin Emileth , López-Colindres Francisco Javier , Díaz-Pérez Adolfo Alejandro
Published: October 2024

La internacionalización de la educación superior contribuye significativamente en los procesos globales e internacionales mediante el fomento de la colaboración internacional, el acceso a los medios y recursos globales, el desarrollo de programas internacionales innovadores así como el fortalecimiento de la diplomacia científica. Los aspectos claves para aplicar la internacionalización es la diversidad de perspectivas y enfoques, la colaboración internacional y la construcción de redes científicas que contribuyan a dar respuestas a los problemas globales mediante la disciplinariedad y multidisciplinariedad. Las universidades centroamericanas presentan grandes retos y oportunidades para una mejor gestión de la internacionalización. Debe existir un compromiso y reconocimiento por parte de las autoridades y directivos en sus diferentes niveles. Por otra parte, es necesario incorporar entre su asignación presupuestaria y planificación el fortalecimiento de las estrategias programáticas. El currículo debe estar en respuesta con los desafíos globales mediante aprovechando las bondades que brindan las herramientas tecnológicas.
Políticas públicas en la educación superior. Perspectivas nacionales e internacionales
Authors: Reyes-Monjaras María Elena , Montalvo-Romero María Teresa
Published: October 2024

Las políticas públicas en educación superior determinan el camino que ha de seguir la educación del tipo superior en todos los países, marcan las directrices para las diversas instituciones a partir de una demanda social entorno a problemas sociales tales como la baja calidad educativa, el acceso a la educación, entre otros de relevancia que han sido analizados en diversos foros y ámbitos académicos con la finalidad de plantear reflexiones y propuestas que permitan la toma de decisiones en el ámbito educativo. El trabajo de reflexión que se construye en esta obra versa sobre ocho aspectos en torno a las políticas públicas en educación superior, planteados por diversos académicos e investigadores basados en sus conocimientos y experiencias tanto en el ámbito nacional como internacional.