bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comments on Timo Kallinen’s “I now go to church, I am not under the chief.”
Authors: Salokoski Märta
Published: April 2022

Traditional leaders and their role in current politics are hot topics in the analysis of contemporary African society. A recent book on the relations between state, traditional leaders and democracy in Africa (Buur and Kyed [eds] 2007) prophecies “a new dawn for traditional authorities”, and shows that the category of traditional leadership—reinvented at times, at others subjugated, often featuring new functions—is a novel and vigorous player in the political game both locally, nationally and on the global developmental scene. The persistence of the term ‘traditional leaders’—also applied to newly invented power-holders—conveys that the label carries particular weight in the rallying of popular local support. Very little attention has been given to where the appeal of traditional leaders has its root.

Timo Kallinen’s paper, however, does just that. It highlights the basis of power of traditional leaders, using the example of Asante society in Ghana. He points out that political power in Asante was once intricately intertwined with religious power, and this is true for a majority of polities in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is, however, a persevering tradition of neglecting this reality which can be traced from early British anthropology down to political analysis of Africa in the present time.
Ethical Codes and Ethical Control in the Social Sciences
Authors: Mäkelä Klaus
Published: April 2022

This report discusses the colonial heritage and changes in the social position of anthropologists as reflected in the code of ethics of the American Anthropological Association (AAA). It describes changes in the Association’s ethical guidelinessince 1948 and interprets them as reflections of changes in the social position of anthropologists. It is the opinion of the author that the early statements and codes describe the ethical anthropologist as an independent champion of truth.Later codes describe the ethical anthropologist as one who complies with legal regulations and fulfilling his or her contractual obligations towards the employer, sponsor, or client. The author suggests that these changes should also be seenagainst the background of the position of American anthropologists in the labour market. In the 1960s, the great majority of anthropologists were academics. From 1986 onwards, the majority were working outside of academia.
A Town on the Move
Authors: Schmidt Donatella , Palutan Giovanna
Published: April 2022

The setting for our ethnographic research is Padua (Padova) a middle-sized northern Italian town well known for its ancient University and its basilica of Saint Anthony, Il Santo. In 1998 the municipality of Padua counted only 5,600 migrants, primarily from Nigeria, the Philippines and Morocco; by 2008 this number had quadrupled, comprising in large part people from Eastern Europe and the Balkans in search of work in Padua’s lively tertiary and service sectors. In this context, we query whether Turner’s concept of ‘social drama’ is an applicable model for exploring questions such as whether migrants have provoked a crisis that is upsetting the status quo in the region; whether such crisis is recognizable in the public sphere and, if so, how it is manifested and how it may be  overcome. Above all, is Turner’s model capable of unveiling the sense of what is occurring in our towns, in our neighbourhoods, in the tens of public speeches of the actors involved, both migrants and hosts? These are, in sum, the questions around which our work has been revolving in the past years, and to which we have attempted to provide an answer, here and elsewhere.

Keywords: migrants, Italian town, city change, Turner’s redressive phase
Unravelling Ritual
Authors: Metcalf Peter
Published: April 2022

As a pioneer in the interpretation of ritual, Victor Turner showed us how to access other peoples’ deepest understandings about the nature of life. In the process, he encountered problems of presentation that ethnographers still have to confront. This paper explores Turner’s solutions to these problems, and how subsequent authors have modified them.

Keywords: ritual, ethnography, Victor Turner
Lesley Sharp. Strange Harvest: Organ Transplants, Denatured Bodies and the Transformed Self
Authors: Honkasalo Marja-Liisa
Published: April 2022

LESLEY SHARP. Strange Harvest: Organ Transplants, Denatured Bodies and the Transformed Self. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. Pp. 322. ISBN: 978-0-520-24784-0 (cloth); ISBN: 978-0-520-24786-4 (paper).
Penerapan Digitalisasi pada Koperasi Budi Utomo Desa Batu Ampar
Authors: Noor Agustian , Noor Muhammad , - Kurniasari -
Published: April 2022

Budi Utomo's Savings and Loans Cooperative is one of the cooperatives in Indonesia that has not made optimal use of information systems and technology. It can be seen from the absence of an integrated information system with one another, so that there are still several obstacles in processing cooperative data, including inconsistencies and data redundancies, lack of data accuracy, the length of the data search process, and the difficulty of disseminating information about cooperatives to members. To solve this problem, we need a web-based Cooperative information system. This cooperative information system is designed using the PHP programming language and to describe the results of analysis and system design, structured modeling techniques are used in the form of DFD and ERD. The output of this research is a web-based information system prototype design (case study: Budi Utomo Savings and Loan Cooperative). With this cooperative information system, it is hoped that it can provide a forum in the form of a web that can perform data processing properly and is integrated, and can help disseminate information to all interested parties.
Implementasi Metode Convex Hull pada Gesture Tangan
Authors: Wulanningrum Resty , Setyawan Dadi , Kasih Patmi
Published: April 2022

Pada beberapa tahun ini, perkembangan teknologi sangat pesat. Banyak macam pembaharuan teknologi yang diterapkan dalam keseharian manusia agar dapat mempermudah suatu pekerjaan. Namun ada juga beberapa teknologi yang belum banyak mendapatkan pembaharuan. Salah satunya adalah teknologi untuk peringatan kebakaran. Pada umumnya, setiap bangunan besar maupun kecil pasti memiliki potensi untuk mengalami kebakaran. Kebakaran sendiri bisa berakibat fatal terutama pada gedung dengan banyak lantai contohnya seperti rumah sakit. Meskipun saat ini sudah ada alat untuk mendeteksi asap dari kebakaran, namun bisa dibilang alat tersebut kurang optimal. Penelitian ini mengimplementasikan metode Convex Hull pada citra gesture tangan. Jika pola tangan terbaca oleh webcam yang ada di setiap sudut ruangan maka alarm akan berbunyi sehingga proses evakuasi bisa lebih maksimal dan meminimalisir akan terjadinya korban kebakaran. Dari hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah program yang mengidentifikasi gerakan atau kode suatu tangan yang dimana bisa digunakan oleh siapa saja, apabila terjadinya sebuah peringatan bahaya kebakaran di suatu gedung rumah sakit.
Pemanfaatan Yolo untuk Pengenalan Kesegaran Buah Mangga
Authors: Nuha Muhammad Syifa'un , Alexandro H. Reddy
Published: April 2022

Buah merupakan salah satu kebutuhan selain makanan pokok, tidak hanya dikalangan tertentu saja, tapi disemua kalangan. Indonesia menjadi penghasil mangga terbesar keempat di dunia. Sehingga diperlukan suatu sistem yang dapat secara otomatis mengidentifikasi kebusukan dan kesegaran dari 3 jenis buah Mangga menggunakan pengolahan gambar, memperbaiki teknik penyortiran dan penilaian yang tidak ilmiah yang dilakukan secara manual, sehingga bisa meningkatkan kualitas jual mangga dengan menggunakan algoritma YOLO. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 jenis mangga yang terdiri dari mangga golek, gedong, dan manalagi, dan melakukan uji coba dengan beberapa sekenario yaitu semua gambar mangga segar, semua gambar mangga busuk, dan semua gambar mangga segar dan busuk. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan beberapa uji coba yang dilakukan, maka didapatkan nilai rata-rata precision, recall, dan f1- score Skenario pertama yaitu mangga segar semua didapatkan tingkat akurasi 80%, precision 82%, dan recall 87%, didapatkan F1-score 84%. Kemudian sknario yang kedua yaitu mangga busuk semua didapatkan tingkat akurasi 76%, precision 76%, dan recall 87%, didapatkan F1-score 81%. Dan yang ketiga yaitu mangga segar dan busuk, didapatkan tingkat akurasi 73%, precision 66%, dan recall 81%, didapatkan F1-score 73%. dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil penelitian ini masih tergolong underfitting. Hal ini dikarenakan masih butuh banyak dataset yang lebih banyak dan variannya yang mempunyai ciri-ciri yang ada kemiripan masing-masing kelasnya.
‘Runaway Train Never Going Back?’ The Implications of the New Economic Governance for Democracy in the EU
Authors: Dobbels Mathias
Published: April 2022

When the debt crisis erupted in late 2009 in the European Union it was addressed with a fundamental reform of the EU’s system of economic governance. These reforms pushed an agenda of fiscal austerity and more integration by putting national budgets under strict European supervision. Situating itself in the wider academic debate on the EU’s democratic nature, this article determines the extent to which the reforms have affected the EU’s democratic legitimacy by analysing them in the light of four vectors of legitimation (indirect, parliamentary, technocratic and procedural legitimacy). It will show that having had a considerable impact on the substance of the legislation, the European Parliament has strengthened the technocratic aspects of the reforms, but has compromised both the EU’s procedural and indirect legitimacy. By consequence, national parliaments who are most affected by the reforms are left on their own to catch up with the ever running train of European integration. The new reforms may have brought about a more robust and efficient Stability and Growth Pact; this article shows it scores low in terms of procedural, indirect and parliamentary legitimacy.
The Rationales behind the European External Action Service: The Principal-Agent Model and Power Delegation
Authors: Kostanyan Hrant
Published: April 2022

Through application of the principal-agent model, this article investigates the rationales behind the establishment of the European External Action Service (EEAS). The study argues that although the EEAS was designed to become the heart of the EU external actions, it has not been given a role of ensuring the credibility of the principals’ commitments. In addition, the blame shifting logic that makes the delegation of powers attractive is only partially applicable to the EEAS. Conversely, the efficiency rationale, which includes developing and centralising expertise, resolving incomplete contracting, minimising costs, and improving decision-making procedures, is somewhat pertinent to the EEAS’s establishment. Empirical findings provide a basis for upgrading the principal-agent model by including ‘coherence’ as a rationale for agency creation.
The European Union as a Normative Actor and its External Relations with Southeast Asia
Authors: Maier-Knapp Naila
Published: April 2022

It is commonplace that the European Union (EU) attempts to diffuse human rights and the other ‘essential elements’ to its external partners. It is also commonly known that these attempts frequently face accusations of inconsistency and double standards from without as well as within the EU. The aim of this article is to assess why the EU has readily promoted norms and values in some instances and not in others through the examination of the EU as an actor in the case of transboundary and newly emerging security challenges in Southeast Asia. This article suggests that the EU has displayed a demand-oriented and issue-specific shift in its strategy to effectively diffuse norms. This is not a capitulation of norms and values on the part of the EU. Rather, it is the re-strategisation of its normative identity in its external relations to match the domestic and international realities.
The Evolution of European Merger Regulations and the Power of Ideas: A Pan-institutional Interpretation
Authors: Poli Eleonora
Published: April 2022

The aim of this paper is to generate an understanding of the evolution of European competition policy in the context of the globalising economy of the 20th and early 21st centuries by analysing the role of ideas in influencing merger policies. Normally competition policy is framed by legal and economic studies as the set of regulations leading market competition according to criteria of efficiency and/or economic welfare. By advancing this analysis, the paper investigates on how abstract economic concepts and theories on the one hand, and material interests such as welfare and efficiency on the other, by influencing political actors’ understanding of reality, have shaped the decision-making process behind specific European competition policies. My analysis develops on the basis of what I call a pan-institutional methodology, a synthesis of an institutional understanding of competition policy and sociological theories of isomorphism. Pan-institutionalism reveals that the corpus of ideas, which favoured the neoliberal transformation that invested European institutions in the 20th and early 21st century, can be identified as German Ordoliberal and the Chicago paradigms of competition policy. To a degree, this latter US-originated approach has been internalised by Europe through formal and informal institutions, and adapted in light of the major oil crises of the 80’s. At the same time however, the reliance of Europe on the traditional Ordoliberal understanding of market practices has prevented a total harmonisation of EU competition policies with the American ones.
Tackling Europe’s Informal Economy: A Critical Evaluation of the Neo-liberal De-regulatory Perspective
Authors: Williams Colin C
Published: April 2022

Since the turn of the millennium, there has been widespread recognition that the informal economy is a sizeable and growing feature in the global economy. To explain this, neo-liberals have contended that the informal economy is a direct result of over-regulation, high taxes and state interference in the free market. Their remedy, therefore, is de-regulation, tax reductions and minimal state intervention. This article evaluates critically this neo-liberal perspective towards the informal economy. Reviewing cross-national comparative data from the 27 member states of the European Union, the finding is that few people explain their own and others’ participation in the informal economy using such rationales, that higher tax rates are not correlated with larger informal economies, and that lower levels of state intervention are correlated with larger (not smaller) informal economies. The article concludes by refuting the neo-liberal approach as a remedy and calling for more, rather than less, regulation of the economy.
Introduction - EU Security Governance: From Processes to Policies
Authors: Giumelli Francesco , Lavallée Chantal
Published: April 2022

The recent developments in the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) show a growing synergy between national, transnational and supranational levels where a wide range of actors cooperate.
The Promise of Critical Historical Institutionalism for EU Trade Policy Analysis
Authors: De Ville Ferdi
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to convince the reader of the potential of a critical version of historical institutionalism (HI) as a theoretical perspective for EU trade policy analysis. It argues that critical HI sensitises the analyst to important but hitherto often neglected factors including: the influence of the past on EU trade policy; the complex, multiarena and multilevel nature of contemporary trade policy; and issues of distributional conflict. The core concept in critical HI is ‘reactive sequencing’, conceiving of policy evolution as a chain of events produced by reactions and counter-reactions. This paper demonstrates that this is invaluable to understand contemporary EU trade politics. Some examples of EU trade policy decisions and its general strategic evolution since the conclusion of the Uruguay Round are given to show the value of critical HI. Finally, the external dimension of “Europe 2020” as the latest trade policy strategy is analysed from a critical historical institutionalist angle.
Optimising Outcomes in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer: Targeting Cancer Cachexia
Authors: Phillips Iain , Stares Mark , Allan Lindsay , Sayers Judith , Skipworth Richard , Laird Barry
Published: April 2022

Lung cancer is the commonest malignancy worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death. Half of patients with lung cancer present with advanced disease. The number of systemic therapies including immunotherapy and targeted treatment are rapidly increasing. Despite this, the outcomes for many patients with locally advanced and advanced lung cancer are poor, as many patients are too unwell for treatment. One of the reasons patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer are not fit for treatment is cancer cachexia, which is common (upto 75% of patients) in this group. This metabolic syndrome presents clinically as weight loss (muscle +/– fat), decreased physical function (patients less active) and anorexia on a background of systemic inflammation. Currently there is not an optimal management pathway for these patients, however, there is emerging data that multi-modal intervention including nutritional support, physical training and pharmacological therapy may have a role in treating cachexia. This review discusses assessment and intervention in cancer cachexia.
Metabolic cross-talk between ovarian cancer and the tumor microenvironment—providing potential targets for cancer therapy
Authors: Lin Yi , Liang Xiao , Zhang Xijie , Ni Yanghong , Zhou Xiaoting , Zhao Xia
Published: April 2022

Conventional treatments for ovarian cancer, including debulking cytoreductive surgery combined with carboplatin/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy, are insufficient, as evidenced by the high mortality rate, which ranks first among gynecological tumors. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new and effective treatment strategies. Recent evidence has shown that metabolic processes and cell behaviors in ovarian cancer are regulated by intracellular factors as well as metabolites in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which determine occurrence, proliferation, and metastasis. In this review, we describe the comprehensive landscape of metabolic cross-talk between ovarian cancer and its TME with a focus on the following four aspects: (1) intracellular metabolism based on the Warburg effect, (2) metabolism in non-tumor cells in the ovarian TME, (3) metabolic communication between tumor cells and non-tumor cells in the TME, and (4) metabolism-related therapeutic targets and agents for ovarian cancer. The metabolic cross-talk between ovarian cancer and its microenvironment involves a complex network of interactions, and interrupting these interactions by metabolic interventions is a promising therapeutic strategy.
Scalp Stimulation Targets for Neurological Conditions—Evidence from Large-Scale Meta-Analyses
Authors: Cao Jin , Chai-Zhang Thalia Celeste , McDonald Caroline Meritt , Kong Jian
Published: April 2022

Background: Neurological disorders are a major source of suffering for patients worldwide. Scalp stimulation methods have been widely applied in treating a number of neurological disorders. Recently, our understanding of pathological mechanisms associated with neurological disorders has been enhanced significantly. Nevertheless, these findings have yet to be well-integrated into scalp stimulation treatments for neurological disorders. Methods: In a previous study, we proposed new brain targets for scalp stimulation in the treatment of eight common mental disorders based on the results of a large-scale meta-analyses using Neurosynth. This study aims to extend our previous findings in identifying surface brain targets for seven common neurological disorders: Alzheimer’s disease, aphasia, chronic pain, dementia, dyslexia, mild cognitive impairment, and Parkinson’s disease, utilizing a similar method. Results: We hidentified seven to eight potential scalp stimulation targets for each disorder and used both 10–20 EEG system and acupuncture points to locate these targets to facilitate its clinical application. Conclusions: The proposed target protocols may facilitate and extend clinical applications of scalp stimulation methods such as transcranial electrical stimulation and scalp acupuncture in the treatment of neurological disorders.
A Study Of Design And Development of Cyber-physical Applications
Authors: Huang Kuan-Chun , Cui Xusheng
Published: April 2022

After several industrial revolutions, reducing production costs, improving product quality and production line efficiency in the manufacturing industry has always been the primary goal. In recent years, Industry 4.0 has set off a wave of revolution in the global manufacturing industry. How to effectively integrate intelligent manufacturing knowledges to solve different technical problems to meet manufacturing standards, and dramatically shortening time for development, has become one of the mainstream of research. The main purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a cyber-physical system to put together an interactive 3D industrial application in virtual world in which dynamic simulation in the control schematics in different technologies could be applied at the same time.  This approach cannot be only used in simulating, verifying the accuracy of the design of the entire project but the final layout could also be fine-tuned by receiving different feedbacks under different circumstances. One industrial application was introduced in this article that a virtual system created with the Unity 3D virtual engine co-simulate with detailed control schematics of sub-systems in order to test and validate the feasibility of optimizing the simulation parameters, realizing the operation scenarios and assisting the designers to discover possible problems of the equipment in advance.
Students’ Perception of Mental Load in Multidisciplinary Workshop during Pandemic Covid-19 Era (Case Study: Interior Design and Industrial Engineering Students of Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, Indonesia)
Authors: Christina Raden Roro , Wianto Elizabeth , Uneputty Ivory Charlesa , Halim Erwin Ardianto , Sarvia Elty
Published: April 2022

The Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia changed the higher education concept to achieve the world class education equality considerably at the same time with the outbreak of COVID-19. Therefore a sudden change in learning method change drastically whether it is using synchronous or asynchronous method due to time and capacity availability. Thus, student’s mental load arguably enhance in this current situation and therefore it is assumed that the evaluation of the new way of distance learning study never be done especially for collaborative study between department based on different faculty in Indonesia. This study used NASA-TLX paper based as the inventory instrument, evaluated and understood the current learning situation while the collaborative events with problem based assignment took place. All of the workshop activities were given and reported online with the duration of eight weeks from the beginning to the end. From the result, it was shown that the collaborative workshop implementation did not perform any different perception of the two departments who were originally came from science and social. The participants were equally assumed to participate seriously because they came from the 3rd semester’s mandatory subject. Other implication related to academic performance, reduces of team member which not fully cooperated, credit load taken in the current semester and the flexibility in doing individual or team assignment are discussed.
A Binary Integer Linear Programming Approach for Risk Minimization of a Multi-Mode Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem with Discrete Time-Cost-Quality-Risk Trade-Off
Authors: Alindayu II Ricardo C. , Polancos Ronaldo V. , Seva Rosemary R.
Published: April 2022

The multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MRCPSP) allows project managers to assign schedules and limited resources to project activities while minimizing total duration. This time objective has been extended to include the trade-offs of cost and quality called the discrete time-cost-quality trade-off problem (DTCQTP) to provide project managers an overview of indicators affecting project performance. However, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have led project managers and consultants to assess their projects’ risks regarding scheduling and resource assignment decisions. Hence, this paper aims to extend the MRCPSP and the DTCQTP to include risk at the resource level to highlight the importance of hiring the proper resources in project scheduling. A binary integer linear programming model named the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling with discrete time-cost-quality-risk trade-off (MRCPSP-DTCQRT) was developed with risk minimization as the objective function. A case study from prior literature was used to illustrate the model using the open-sourced Python-MIP package, which uses the branch-and-cut methodology for generating optimal solutions. A set of schedules that either prioritize time, cost, quality, risk, or a balance among the four was generated for the use of the project manager to make decisions based on the current situation. Future research may extend the model further to include resource skills, test large-scale case studies, and use other methodologies such as metaheuristics and machine learning to arrive at optimal solutions within reasonable computing time.
PRINSIP – PRINSIP MANAJEMEN DALAM AL-QURAN DAN HADIS
Authors: Haya Nur Anni
Published: April 2022

Al-Qur’an sebagai sumber utama Islam mengandung segudang hikmah yang berfungsi memberi bimbingan jalan kehidupan manusia. Pada masa Nabi Muhammad SAW., hidup, subtansi dari al-Qur’an beliau amalkan sendiri dan beliau ajarkan kepada para sahabatnya. Selain alQur’an, perbuatan, ucapan dan sikap dari Nabi Muhammad SAW., juga menjadi rujukan dalam kehidupan muslim baik menyangkut hubungan dengan Tuhan, sesama manusia maupun alam. Inilah yang dinamakan dengan hadis.
manajemen Koperasi
Authors: Aryam
Published: April 2022

Koperasi menurut Undang-undang Nomor 25 tahun 1992 ialah bidang usaha yang beranggotakan orang atau badan hukum koperasi dengan melandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip koperasi sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasar atas asas kekeluargaan. Tujuan koperasi yaitu mensejahterakan para anggotanya serta ikut membangun tatanan perekonomian nasional dalam rangka mewujudkan masyarakat yang maju. Koperasi di Indonesia dalam perkembangan nya mengalami pasang dan surut.
ASPEK PERMODALAN KOPERASI
Authors: Rahmadana
Published: April 2022

Koperasi merupakan badan usaha yang beranggotakan orang seorang atau badan hukum koperasi dengan melaksanakan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip koperasi, sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasar asas kekeluargaan. Selain itu koperasi juga didefinisikan sebagai organisasi ekonomi yang berwatak sosial dan dikelola berdasarkan kekeluargaan. Tujuan dari koperasi adalah untuk memajukan kesejahteraan anggota pada khususnya dan masyarakat pada umumnya serta ikut membangun tatanan perekonomian nasional dalam rangka mewujudkan masyarakat yang maju, adil dan makmur berlandaskan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Koperasi sebagai salah satu badan usaha yang bertujuan memajukan kesejahteraan anggota pada khususnya dan pada masyarakat pada umumnya,selalu menginginkan agar dapat bekerja dengan efisien sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan.untuk mencapai tujuan maka koperasi bekerja keras demi kelangsungan dan perkembangan usaha yang telah dijalankan.badan usaha dalam hal ini koperasi tidak jarang mengalami tantangan dan berbagai hambatan.sehingga untuk mencapai tujuan tidaklah mudah,bahkan seringkali menyimpang dari apa yang telah direncanakan. Sebagai salah satu bidang usaha koperasi memerlukan dana yang akan digunakan untuk menjalankan usahanya. Pada umumnya koperasi dihadapkan permasalahan akan kebutuhan modal kerja yang semakin besar untuk mengembangkan usahanya,disisi lain modal kerja yang tersedia sangatterbatas.Oleh karena itu setiap koperasi dituntut untuk menghimpun modal kerja baik dari anggota maupun bukan anggota.
KESEIMBANGAN PASAR UANG DAN BARANG DALAM EKONOMI MAKRO ISLAM
Authors: Sugiatni Evi , Ifhadiyanti Nurul , YULANDA ANDI RESVINA , Khaerat Muhammad Emir
Published: April 2022

Pada awal kemunculan islam, sistem perekonomian saat itu masih tergolong sederhana dikarenakan belum terdapat sistem perbankan dan juga masih kurangnya penggunaan uang. Dan saat itu kebijakan moneter kurang diperlukan karena tidak terdapat alasan yang menandai bahwa akan dilakukannya perubahan-perubahan terhadap penawaran uang yang melalui kebijakan diskresioner. Sehingga pada masa itu, keseimbangan pasar uang dan pasar barang hanya masih bergantung pada transaksi tunai yang ada. Dengan artian bahwa uang di tukarkan dengan sesuatu yang benar-benar dapat memberikan nilai tambah bagi sistem perekonomian. Adapun transaksi yang lain yang berupa judi dan riba akan tetapi hal ini di dalam islam dilarangsehingga keseimbangan antara arus uang dan juga barang/jasa bisa dipertahankan. Oleh karena itu, perputaran uang dalam periode tertentu sama dengan nilai barang dan jasa yang diproduksi dalam jangka waktu yang sama pula. Pada saat itu pihak pemerintah menciptakan sebuah sistem yang dimana sistem tersebut terhubung juga dengan kumsumsi, tabungan dan investasi sehingga hal tersebut menjadi intsrumen bagi kebijakan moneter. Dan pada titik lain, sistem ini juga dapat memberikan dukungan bagi keseimbangan uang dan barang.
Good Attitutedalamkajian Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir
Authors: L.Modjorimin Kris Angga
Published: April 2022

AbstrakKaraktermerupakansuatunilaiperilakumanusia yang berhubungandenganTuhan Yang MahaEsa, dirisendiri,sesamamanusia, lingkungan dan kebangsaan, yang mewujuddalampikiran, sikap, perasaan, perkataan, dan perbuatanberdasarkannorma-norma agama, hukum, tatakrama, budaya, adat-istiadat dan estetika. Dengandemikiankarakteradalahperilaku yang tampakdalamkehidupansehari-hari, baikdalambersikapmaupunbertindak. Karena karaktermerupakantotalitasdarikondisilahirmanusia yang timbuldarikondisibatinnya, makamanusia yang “tidakberkarakter” tentunyaakanmemberikandampaknegatif yang signifikanbaikterhadapdirimaupunlingkungansekitarnya. Karena itupenelitianterhadappembangunankarakterperspektif al-Qur’an inidilakukandalamupayamemberikaninformasi dan sekaligussolusibagaimana Allah melalui Lukman al-Hakim telahmemberikancontoh dan pelajaranuntukmembangunkaraktermanusia agar dalamkapasitasnyasebagai wakil Tuhan di bumi, dapatmengembanamanah-Nya denganbaik. Penelitianinimenggambarkanbagaimanaseorang Lukman al-Hakim memberikanpendidikankarakterkepadaanaknya yang masihkecil, diawalidenganpenanamankeimanan, baktikepadakedua orang tua, patuhberagama, bersabar, bersahaja dan tidaksombong.
Bentuk dan jenis Koperasi
Authors: Rifaldi Muh
Published: April 2022

Koperasi mempunyai peranan yang cukup besar dalam menyusun usaha bersama dari orang orang yang mempunyai kemampuan ekonomi terbatas. Dalam rangka usaha memajukan kedudukan rakyat yang memiliki kemampuan ekonomi terbatas, pemerintahan Indonesia memperhatikan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan perkumpulan perkumpulan koperasi.
Membangun Kepuasan Pelanggan Melalui Mutu Pelayanan Dan Nilai
Authors: Agnusia Nur Adillah
Published: April 2022

Penawaran akan berhasil jika memberikan nilai dan kepuasan kepada pembeli sasaran. Pembeli memilih penawaran berbeda berdasarkan presepsinya akan penawaran yang memberikan nilai terbesar. Nilai menverminkan sejumlah manfaat, baik yang berwujud maupun yang tidak berwujud. Dan biaya yang dipresepsikan oleh pelanggan. Nilai adalah kombinasi kualitas, pelayanan, dan harga yang disebut dengan “tiga elemen nilai pelanggan”. Nilai meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya kualitas dan pelayanan. Dan sebaliknya menurun seiring dengan menurunya harga, walauoun faktor lain juga dapat memainkan peran penting dalam memainkan presepsi nilai.
resume ekonomi 6
Authors: AR ASHRA
Published: April 2022

kurva kepuasan sama adalah suatu kurva yang menggambarkan gabungan barang barang yang akan memberikan kepuasan yang sama besarnya
GAMBARAN UMUM PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Putri Miyati Diana
Published: April 2022

Kehadiran dan fungsi perbankan di Indonesia baik untuk masyarakat, industri besar, menengah atau bawah mempunyai peranan dan pengaruh yang sangat signifikan. Hal ini terjadi karena kebutuhan akan bank baik untuk penguatan modal atau penyimpanan uang oleh masyarakat sudah menjadi hal yang biasa. Dalam mengantisipasi kebutuhan masyarakat serta memberikan rasa aman, nyaman dalam transaksi perbankan, kehadiran Bank Syariah merupakan salah satu solusi untuk menambah kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap kegiatan perbankan khususnya di Indonesia. Bank Syariah merupakan salah satu produk perbankan yang berlandaskan sistem perekonomian Islam, Sistem Ekonomi Islam atau syariah sekarang ini sedang banyak diperbincangkan di Indonesia.
METODE DAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN DALAM AL-QUR'AN
Authors: a.husuna Putri anggreani silsilia
Published: April 2022

Pendidikan dalam prosesnya tidak terlepas instrumen yang menunjang didalamnya.Instrumen ini menjadi cukup penting karena bersifat vital bagi berlangsungnya prosespendidikan. Ketiadaan instrumen ini tentu berdampak negatif bagi proses pendidikan,khususnya bagi proses pembelajaran. Adanya eksistensi model pembelajaran yangtepat akan melahirkan dampak yang cukup signifikan, begitupun sebaliknya. Strategi pembelajaran menjadi alternatif dalam menyusun proses pembelajaran. Bagi prosespendidikan, strategi pembelajaran ini menjadi acuan penting. Sedangkan, bagipendidikan Islam, strategi pembelajaran ini harus dilihat dalam perspektif Alquran, dimana Alquran menjadi pijakan teologis dalam beragama. Secara lebih jauh, strategipembelajaran yang berpijakan terhadap eksistensi Alquran, diharapkan akan mampumelahirkan cita-cita spiritual yang ada didalamnya
MENGANALISLIS PASAR DAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN / NASABAH
Authors: baiti Nur
Published: April 2022

Tujuan pemasaran adalah memenuhi dan melayani kebutuhan dan kemampuan konsumen sasaran. Pasar konsumen dan perilaku pembeli konsumen harus dikembangkan sebelum rencana pemasaran nyata. Pasar konsumen membeli barang dan jasa untuk konsumsi pribadi, dan ini adalah pasar yang paling akhir dimana kegiatan perekonomian diatur. Istilah pasar banyak diartikan secara beda sesuai dengan sudut pandang penglihatan. Disini, kebutuhan dan keinginan konsumen mengawali kehadiran produk dapat memenuhinya. Hal tersebut, terungkap melalui jembatan penyebrangan motivasi dan kemampuan membeli yang dimiliki konsumen. Akan tetapi, tidak diingkari kondisinya bervariasi yang tercengkram perubahan. Kegenerikan produk, jenis produk, tingkatan produk, dan persaingan merk memberikan pertolongan kita untuk menentukan pasar. Pasar yang ditentukan dengan cara demikian, tergores garis batas jelas tujuan, keberadaan alternatif, serta daya lenting terhadap aksi dobrakan perubahan. Pelanggan mungkin menyatakan kebutuhan dan keinginan mereka namun bertindaksebaliknya. Pelanggan mungkin menanggapi pengaruh yang mengubah pikiran mereka pada menitmenit terakhir perubahan produk, tetap mendapat laba dari memahami bagaimana dan mengapa pelangg
Quemadura de Segundo Grado Desde La Perspectiva De La Medicina Biorreguladora de Sistemas - Reporte de Caso Clínico
Authors: Baez Cinthia Mariella Mendez , Genes Sandra
Published: April 2022

Paciente de 33 años, acude a la consulta por una quemadura con agua caliente,causando una lesión en miembro inferior izquierdo (cuádriceps) de 20x15cm dediámetro aprox., cubriendo, en cuanto a su extensión, el 5% del área (según la Regla delos 9 de Wallace), con signos visibles de lesión eritematosa y húmeda. En cuanto a laprofundidad de la lesión, tipificada como quemadura de 2do. grado superficial, causandouna exposición del tejido dérmico, afectando los estratos epidérmicos hasta la dermispapilar, con escala del dolor 10/10, dificultándole la deambulación, generando ansiedad ydificultad para conciliar el sueño.Se realizó el tratamiento VO con Detox básico, Traumeel tabletas, Neurexan tabletas.Además, indicamos tratamiento IV con Cutis Compositum, Funiculus Umbilicalis Suis-Injeel, Embryo Totalis Suis-Injeel. Adiconalmente, se suministró Traumeel y CutisCompositum mediante la técnica de Biopuntura perilesional.Al finalizar el tratamiento, la paciente logró reducir totalmente su dolor, incorporándose asus actividades habituales, refiriendo mejoría en la calidad del sueño, y satisfacciónplena con el logro de la cicatrización de la quemadura.
Thesis (Palancares) - Research protocol
Authors: Sierra-Díaz Manuel Jacob
Published: April 2022

The present document is an adaptation and translation of the original research protocol that was written in the first months of the doctoral program during the academic course 2018 - 2019. The protocol was used as supplementary material to request the grant Formación del Profesor Universitario (FPU) in 2017 by the Ministry of Universities (Government of Spain). In addition to this, it was submitted to the Registro de Actividades y Plan de Investigador (RAPI) of the University of Castilla-La Mancha. Structure of the document: (1) Theoretical background, (2) Main and specific objectives, (3) Methologoy, (4) Ethical standards and (5) References.
Understanding Rejection and Hesitancy Towards COVID-19 Vaccination: Integrated Qualitative and Quantitative Approach
Authors: Đorđević Jasna Milošević , Međedović Janko Mileta
Published: April 2022

We asked the unvaccinated participants (N=534) why they did not take the vaccine, what could motivate them to take a vaccine and their future vaccination intentions, and analyzed the associations between these measures and several contextual and dispositional constructs including conspiracy ideation, concerns about contracting a disease and having major health problems, conservatism, pro-vaccination social surroundings and empathy. The main reasons for not getting vaccinated was fear, a lack of trust in the vaccines, and a belief that vaccination is unnecessary; reasons for future vaccination included restored confidence in vaccines, formal context. A significant proportion of participants stated that there is nothing that could motivate them to get vaccinated. An increased possibility for future vaccination was negatively related to conspiracy ideation and conservatism measures, but positively associated with social support for vaccination and a fear of infectious disease and health concerns. Conspiracy beliefs and fear of illness mediated the link between conservatism, social support, and vaccination intentions. Cognitive empathy was only indirectly positively related to vaccination intentions via low conspiracy ideation.
ASPEK PERMODALAN KOPERASI
Authors: Alimin Fahira
Published: April 2022

Koperasi menurut definisi International Cooperative Alliance atau ICA (hasil Kongres ICA ke 100 di Manchester Inggris tahun 1995) pada esensinya merupakan asosiasi orang yang bersatu secara sukarela dan bersifat otonom (mandiri) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan aspirasi ekonomi, sosial dan budaya melalui perusahaan yang dimiliki bersama dan dikontrol secara demokratis. Modal merupakan salah satu faktor penting untuk menggerakkan roda pelayanan dan transaksi bisnis koperasi. Meski demikian penting, akan tetapi tidak mudah bagi Koperasi untuk menambah jumlah modal sesuai dengan tuntutan kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada anggota dan bisnis koperasi secara berkelanjutan.
CAT 2 Study updated team
Authors: Mukherjee Dattatreya , Group West Bengal Digital COVID  Vaccine Survey
Published: April 2022

This is the study conducted by COVID 19 Analysis Team [CAT]. Here the study team wants to see the incidence, severity and mortality of the breakthrough COVID 19 Infections.Key Points:a. This study will help us to estimate the breakthrough COVID 19 infections in West Bengalb. This study will help us to know the severity and mortality of the break through infections.c. This study will help us to see the vaccine efficacy and a comparative analysis between Covaxin, Covidshield and Sputnik Vd. This study will help the guidelines maker to make a more effective guidelines and jab time of the COVID vaccines. Also, it will help to create more developed COVID 19 vaccine in coming future.
Robert C. Dunnell’s "Systematics in Prehistory" at 50
Authors: Riede Felix , Araujo Astolfo , Marwick Ben
Published: April 2022

Systematics in Prehistory. At the height of the debate between Culture History and New Archaeology, Dunnell’s work sought to address a more fundamental issue that was and still is relevant to all branches of prehistoric archaeology, and especially to the study of the Palaeolithic: systematics. Dunnell himself was notorious and controversial, however, but the importance of his work remains underappreciated. Like other precocious works of that tumultuous time Systematics in Prehistory today remains absent from most course reading lists and gathers dust on library shelves. In this contribution we argue for a greater appreciation of its as yet unfulfilled conceptual and analytical promise. In particular, we briefly chart its somewhat delayed impact via evolutionary archaeology, including how it has also influenced non-Anglophone traditions, especially in South America. The obstinate persistence of classification issues in palaeoanthropology and palaeoarchaeology, we argue, warrants a second look at Dunnell’s Systematics.
Efectos del abordaje Holístico en paciente con depresión y Síndrome de Burnout desde la medicina Biorreguladora de Sistemas. Reporte de Caso Clínico.
Authors: Mugno Vicente Bonivento
Published: April 2022

Paciente femenino de 46 años de edad, medico, con cuadro clínico de 6 meses deevolución caracterizado por, irritabilidad ,llanto fácil, astenia , adinamia, dificultad parainicio de sueño con despertares tempranos, sueño no reparador, sensación de pesadezen miembros inferiores con movimientos involuntarios nocturnos, cervicalgiaintermitente que predomina en horas de trabajo, cefalea global de intensidad 6/10, sinamaurosis, sin fotopsias, sin nauseas ni vomito, niega ideación suicida. Habitointestinal :cada 3 dias ,estreñida, manifiesta distensión abdominal, meteorismos yflatulencia.Se aplica escala de Hamilton para depresión la cual puntuó previo al tratamiento 24PUNTOS, MASLACH: agotamiento emocional 28 puntos, Despersonalización: 14 puntos,Realización personal: 29 puntos;se utilizo la escala ISI para evaluar la severidad delInsomnio la cual puntuo 21Se hizo tratamiento con medicina biorreguladora de sistemas con neurexan + nervoheelvia oral 1 tab cada 8 horas y dosis de Cerecomp + Traumeel + Ubichinon Compositum yCoenzyme compositum por via auto-sanguis 1 ampolla de cada medicamento cada 8días por 5 semanas, a la cuarta semana de tratamiento por la via auto-sanguis seadiciona al tratamiento Thalamus compositum+Glandula suprarenalis suis dado quepersistía síntomas de piernas inquietas; además, de intervención en terapia individualcon psicología, actividad física, ejercicio 150 minutos semanal, técnicas de respiraciónconsciente.Al finalizar el tratamiento la paciente mejoró síntomas relacionados al patrón de sueño, ylos síntomas depresivos los cuales de acuerdo a la escala de Hamilton la cual 6semanas posterior al tratamiento puntuó 8, de igual manera se identifico la reduccion delapuntuacion ISI a 10 puntos .
MENGANALISIS INDUSTRI DAN PELAKU PARA PESAING
Authors: Agnusia Nur Adillah
Published: April 2022

Analisis industri dan pesaing perlu dilakukan sebelum melakukan pendirian suatu usaha, hal ini dilakukan agar pengusaha dapat mengetahui dan mendapatkan gambaran mengenai bagaimana keadaan situasi industri dan persaingan dari usaha sejenis pada masa tersebut dan juga di masa datang. Dengan mengetahui situasi industri dan pesaing baik masa kini dan mendatang, pengusaha diharapkan dapat melihat peluang-peluang yang ada dalam suatu usaha dan juga dapat menyusun strategi yang digunakan dalam menjalankan usahanya kelak. Selain itu, analisis industri dan pesaing ini akan memberikan gambaran apakah suatu usaha dapat bertahan diantara para pesaing – pesaingnya
The relation between European heat waves and North Atlantic SSTs: a two-sided composite analysis
Authors: Krüger Julian , Kjellsson Joakim , Pilch Kedzierski Robin , Claus Martin
Published: April 2022

The occurrence of European heat waves has increased during the two last decades. European heat waves are responsible for social, economic and environmental damage and are projected to increase in magnitude, frequency and duration under global warming, heightening the interest about the contribution of different drivers. By using the ERA5 Re-analysis product, we performed a two-sided composite analysis to investigate a potential relation between North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and the near-surface air temperature (T2m) over the European continent. Here, we show that in presence of cold North Atlantic SSTs during summer, the distribution of European T2m shifts towards positive anomalies a few days later, increasing the likelihood for heat waves (Downstream analysis). During these events a predominant wave number three pattern in addition to regionally confined Rossby wave activity contribute to a trough-ridge pattern in the North Atlantic-European sector. Specifically, five of 17 European heat waves within the period of 1979 to 2019 could be related to a cold North Atlantic SST event a few days in advance. In the upstream analysis we identify eleven of 17 European heat waves co-existent with below-average North Atlantic SSTs, including five cold North Atlantic SST events. Based upon our results North Atlantic SSTs provide potential predictive skill of European heat waves.
800,000 years of abrupt climate variability
Authors: Barker Stephen , Knorr Gregor , Edwards Larry , Parrenin Frédéric , Putnam Aaron , Skinner Luke , Wolff Eric , Ziegler Martin
Published: April 2022

We construct an 800 kyr synthetic record of Greenland climate variability based on the thermal bipolar seesaw model. Our Greenland analogue reproduces much of the variability seen in the Greenland ice cores over the last 100 kyr. We also find a strong similarity with the absolutely-dated speleothem record from China, allowing us to place ice core records within an absolute timeframe for the last 400 kyr. The synthetic record provides both a stratigraphic reference and a conceptual basis for assessing the long-term evolution of millennial-scale variability, and its potential role in longer timescale climate change. Indeed, we provide evidence for a ubiquitous association between bipolar seesaw oscillations and glacial terminations throughout the Middle to Late Pleistocene.