bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endovascular treatment on ruptured wide-neck intracranial aneurysms: Single-center retrospective study on efficacy and safety
Authors: Li Chun Kit , Lau Chun Yin , Chin Hoi , Chu Chi Yeung
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

The aim of this single-center retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment for ruptured intracranial wide-neck aneurysms.

Material and Methods:

This single-center retrospective study aims to evaluate cases of ruptured wide-neck intracranial aneurysms treated endovascularly between 2018 and 2023 at Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital in Hong Kong. Patient demographics, aneurysmal characteristics, procedural devices used, peri-procedural complications, and post-procedural angiographic and clinical outcomes will be analyzed. The primary outcome will be the complete occlusion rate of the treated aneurysms and the incidence of peri-procedural complications. Secondary outcome will include clinical outcomes assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). We hypothesize that flow diversion may represent an efficient and safe endovascular treatment option for ruptured wide-neck aneurysms.

Results:

The median age of patients was 60 years, with a predominance of females (74.2%). Aneurysms were commonly located in the anterior communicating artery (25.8%) and posterior communicating artery (21.2%), measuring a median size of 4.2 mm with a dome-to-neck ratio <2 in the majority (98.4%). Follow-up angiography at 6 and 12–24 months showed near-complete occlusion rates of 76.4% and 84.2%, respectively. Flow diversion exhibited significantly higher rates of complete occlusion compared to other treatments (P = 0.021 at 6 months, P = 0.049 at 12–24 months). Ischemic complications occurred, including thromboembolism in 3.0% and coil protrusion causing parent artery occlusion in 4.5% of cases, primarily during simple coiling procedures. Hemorrhagic complications, such as re-ruptured aneurysms, were noted in 12.1% of cases. Favorable clinical outcomes (mRS 0–2) were observed in 54.5%, 62.1%, and 63.6% of patients at 1, 6, and 12 months, respectively, with poorer outcomes associated with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and larger aneurysm size (>6 mm) (P = 0.017 for modified Fisher scale III–IV; P = 0.009 and 0.001 for large aneurysm (>6 mm) at 6 months and 12–24 months, respectively).

Conclusion:

We observed relatively satisfactory outcomes regarding the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment for ruptured wide-neck intracranial aneurysms. Flow diversion with or without adjunctive coiling emerged as an effective treatment option with a high rate of aneurysmal occlusion and acceptable complication rates. Our study highlighted that large aneurysms (>6mm) and poor grades of SAH were associated with poorer clinical outcomes. These findings underscore the need for prospective studies with larger sample sizes to validate and refine our results.
Vulvar Donovanosis – An Unusual Cause of Genital Ulcer
Authors: Balakrishnan Padmapriya , Vijayan Sharmila
Published: October 2024

Genital ulcer is one of the common complaints which are encountered among adolescent and adult patients. Among the various causes, donovanosis is a rare entity due to the widespread use of antibiotics. Most of the genital ulcers are diagnosed clinically and treated empirically. Some need further evaluation when they do not respond to empirical treatment. Diagnosis is often delayed due to late presentation, lack of suspicion and use of inappropriate diagnostic investigations and treatment is challenging due to antibiotic resistance. We are presenting a case of vulvar donovanosis in a 40-year-old female patient diagnosed with cytopathology due to its rare incidence in this advanced antibiotic era.
Double trouble: Concurrent ossification of ligamentum flavum with infective spondylodiscitis in the thoracic spine resulting in paraplegia: A case report
Authors: Mohite Akshay Vasant , Rathod Tushar Narayan , Jain Deepika , Hadole Bhushan , Shahade Rushikesh , Shrivastava Chitranshu
Published: October 2024

Background:

Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) and tuberculous infective spondylodiscitis rarely combine to cause paraplegia. Here, a 48-year-old female with both thoracic OLF and tuberculous spondylodiscitis experienced the acute onset of paraplegia successfully managed with a T8–L1 laminectomy with fusion.

Case Description:

A 48-year-old female presented with the acute onset of paraplegia attributed to magnetic resonance-documented thoracic OLF and infective spondylodiscitis. Imaging revealed spinal cord compression (i.e., occupying >50% of the spinal canal) from D8 to D10 level and infective spondylodiscitis at the D10–D11 level. Surgery included a D8–L1 laminectomy with instrumented fusion. Histology and cultures revealed the presence of tuberculosis, and anti-tubercular therapy was administered. Both surgery and continued antibiotic therapy contributed to neurological improvement.

Conclusion:

Thoracic OLF combined with tuberculous spondylodiscitis may be effectively treated with decompression, fusion, and appropriate anti-tubercular therapy.

Keywords:

Dorsal spine, Infective spondylodiscitis, Koch’s, Neurological deficit, Ossified ligamentum flavum (OLF), Paraplegia, Tuberculosis spine instability score (TSIS)
Incidence of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the working hours of parents and caregivers in Saudi Arabia: A survey study
Authors: Almalki Sami Fadhel , Almousa Abdulelah Saleh , Alturki Rawan Ahmed , Shamakhi Ghadi Ali , Alghirash Fatimah Ahmed , Almutairi Turki Fahhad
Published: October 2024

Background:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common result of external physical forces that damage the brain, affecting over 50 million people annually, with a higher prevalence in males. Children aged 0–4 years are the most susceptible, particularly in low-and middle-income countries, where 90% of TBI-related deaths occur. TBI significantly affects children’s quality of life. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of pediatric TBI during working hours among parents and caregivers in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted over 2 months, from July to August 2023. The survey data were electronically gathered using a questionnaire sent over social media channels. It includes working as a caregiver for children in Saudi Arabia.

Results:

Involving 395 respondents, the primary focus was on child head injuries occurring during the working hours of parents and caregivers. Most respondents were in the 36–45 age bracket, predominantly female (66.1%) and married (81.8%). The age of the child at the time of injury was significantly associated with head injuries during parents’ and caregivers’ working hours, with the highest incidence among children aged 7–14 years (83.1%). The severity of the injury, hospital admission, need for intensive care, and surgical intervention were significantly associated with child injuries during these hours.

Conclusion:

In this study, we found a significantly higher incidence of head injuries in children during the working hours of both parents and caregivers. Factors such as longer work hours, the presence of a nanny, more children, male gender, and older child age were associated with this risk.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE PUMP STATION
Authors: Водовозов А.М. , Черняева Н.Н.
Published: October 2024

Проведены исследования динамических процессов, происходящих в насосной станции автономной системы водоснабжения. Насосная станция рассмотрена как нелинейная динамическая система управления с перекрестными обратными связями. В качестве показателей качества работы системы, критичных для выбора оборудования, выбраны динамический уровень воды в скважине и число включений насоса в час. Для анализа переходных процессов и качественных показателей системы построена его математическая модель в пакете визуального моделирования Xcos в составе программного обеспечения Scilab. Выполнен параметрический анализ характеристик модели в условиях работы с ограниченным дебитом скважины; предложены методы оценки качества и выбора оборудования по критериям обеспечения безотказной работы системы в различных эксплуатационных режимах.

Researches of the dynamic processes happening in the pump station of autonomous system of water supply are conducted. The pump station is considered as a nonlinear dynamic control system with cross feedback. As indicators of quality of work of system, critical for the choice of the equipment, are chosen dynamic water level in the well and number of turning on of the pump in an hour. For the analysis of transition processes and quality indicators of system his mathematical model in a package of visual modeling Xcos as a part of the software of Scilab is constructed. The parametrical analysis of characteristics of model in working conditions with a limited output of the well is made; methods of assessment of quality and the choice of the equipment by criteria of ensuring no-failure operation of system in various operational modes are offered.
MODERNIZATION OF SYSTEM OF CLEANING OF WATER SUPPLY AT THE PHARMACEUTICAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Жилин М.Ю. , Сливин А.Н.
Published: October 2024

В статье представлены результаты теоретических исследований по оптимизации системы водоснабжения на фармацевтическом предприятии при производстве галеновых препаратов. Проведен расчёт показателей качества воды предложенной системы очистки. Предложена технологическая схема модернизированной системы очистки.

Results of theoretical researches on optimization of system of water supply at the pharmaceutical enterprise are presented in article by production of galenovy medicines. Calculation of indicators of quality of water of the offered system of cleaning is carried out.
Calculation of the optimum profile of filtering nanofibers of the combined MEDIA
Authors: Мик И.А. , Горев В.Н. , Ларичкин В.В.
Published: October 2024

Ранее, на основе комбинированного применения методов электроформования и экструзии, был впервые создан и протестирован толстослойный фильтрующий материал с постоянным распределением фильтрующих нановолокон по толщине материала. Однако с точки зрения эксплуатационных характеристик, такой комбинированный материал можно усовершенствовать профилированием распределения фильтрующего нановолокна по толщине материала. Более равномерное распределение загрязнений, улавливаемых в процессе очистки, продлит ресурс эксплуатации фильтрующего элемента. С точки зрения распределения загрязнителя по толщине фильтрующего элемента, оптимальным распределением фильтрующих нановолокон будет то, при котором суммарная масса загрязнителя распределится равномерно по толщине материала. Поэтому задачей данной работы стал расчёт оптимального профиля концентраций фильтрующих нановолокон в каждом слое для выбранного ансамбля загрязнителя, что сделает фильтрующий элемент более емким к загрязнителю. В предыдущей работе была разработана модель фильтрования комбинированного материала, позволяющая по выходным данным из модели (масса осевших частиц) находить входные модельные параметры фильтрующего элемента (длина фильтрующих нановолокон), которые напрямую связаны с технологическими параметрами (расход раствора электроформования). Таким образом, для нахождения оптимальной функции распределения плотности фильтрующих нановолокон решалась обратная задача для модели фильтрования с применением метода наименьших квадратов (МНК). В результате, найдена оптимальная зависимость распределения фильтрующих нановолокон по толщине материла, при которой фильтрующий элемент будет иметь максимальную пылеёмкость. Представленные результаты работы подтверждают, что функционально-градиентный подход профилирования комбинированного материала имеет большой потенциал в применении тонкой очистки воздуха.

Abstract – Previously, based on the methods of electrospinning and melt-blown, the combined filter media was first developed and tested. However, we can improve such a combined media by profiling the distribution of the filtering fiber over the thickness of the media. In other words, to solve the optimization problem, we must calculate a profile in which the resource of the filter element will be maximized. Therefore, the task of this work is the calculation of the optimal profile of filtering fibers which will make the filter element more capacious to contamination. For this purpose, the inverse problem of least squares filtration model was solved. As a result, the optimal distribution of the filtering nanofibers across the thickness of the media was determined.
STUDY OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF FILAMENT-WOUND HYBRID POLYMER COMPOSITES
Authors: Журковский М.Е. , Сакошев З.Г. , Блазнов А.Н. , Зимин Д.Е. , Фирсов В.В. , Самойленко В.В. , Ходакова Н.Н.
Published: October 2024

Актуальность работы заключается в исследовании гибридных полимерных однонаправленных композиционных материалов на основе углеродных и базальтовых армирующих волокон и эпоксидного связующего. Целью работы является исследование влияние на упруго-прочностные свойства содержания угольных и базальтовых волокон в гибридных однонаправленных материалах. Изготовлено 4 вида образцов с различным содержанием угольных и базальтовых армирующих волокон. При испытаниях на продольный изгиб определены прочность, модуль упругости и предельная деформация пластин. Показано, что наибольшую прочность 1851 МПа и модуль 96,2 ГПа имеет пластина из углепластика, прочность и модуль упругости пластины из базальтопластика ниже и составляют 1576 МПа и 43,1 ГПа, соответственно. Пластины на основе базальтовых волокон способны сильнее деформироваться (4,1 %) относительно более хрупких пластин на основе углеродных волокон (1,9%) .  Упруго-прочностные характеристики гибридных композитов зависят от содержания углеродного наполнителя, расположения его слоев при формовании и испытаниях. Отмечено, что прочность и модуль упругости гибридных композитов выше, чем у базальтопластика, а деформация до разрушения выше, чем у углепластика.

This study is of relevance because it investigates hybrid, unidirectional, polymer composite materials based on carbon and basalt reinforcing fibers and epoxy resin. This study aimed to examine how the contents of carbon and basalt fibers in unidirectional hybrid materials influence the elastic and strength properties. Four specimens differing in contents of carbon and basalt reinforcing fibers were fabricated. The strength, elastic modulus and ultimate strain of the plates were measured by buckling test. The plate made of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic was found to have the highest strength of 1851 MPa and the highest elastic modulus of 96.2 GPa, while the basalt fiber-reinforced plastic plate had lower strength and elastic modulus, 1576 MPa and 43.1 GPa, respectively.  The basalt fiber-reinforced plates are prone to be more deformable (4.1%) than relatively fragile carbon fiber-reinforced plates (1.9%). The mechanical behavior of hybrid composites depend on the carbon filler content and its layer arrangement during shaping and testing. It was noted that the strength and elastic modulus of hybrid composites were higher than those of basalt fiber-reinforced plastic, while the strain-to-fracture was higher than that of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF PRODUCTS FROM NITRO GROUP SUBSTITUTION IN 4-METHYL-5-NITRO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE BY 2-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)ETHANOL
Authors: Суханов Г.Т. , Суханова А.Г. , Босов К.К. , Крупнова И.А. , Филиппова Ю.В. , Истошина В.А.
Published: October 2024

Процесс нуклеофильного замещения нитрогруппы 4-метил-3-нитро-1,2,4-триазола 2-(4-гидроксифенил)этиловым спиртом (тирозолом) приводит к  образованию 4-метил-3-(4-{2-[(4-метил-4H-1,2,4-триазол-3-ил)окси]этил}фенокси)-4H-1,2,4-триазола. Основной процесс образования целевого фенокситриазола сопровождается побочной реакцией, обусловленной атакой гидроксид-аниона положения С3 гетероцикла, в результате которой высоко реакционноспособный 4-метил-1,2,4-триазол-5-он вступает во взаимодействие с исходным нитротриазоловым субстратом с образованием 4,4’-диметил-4Н,4’Н-[1,3’]би([1,2,4]триазолил)-5’-она. Данные компьютерного прогнозирования биологической активности целевого фенокситриазола позволяют говорить о перспективности дальнейшего экспериментального тестирования полученного соединения.

Abstract – The process of nucleophilic substitution of the nitro group in 4-methyl-5-nitro-1,2,4-triazole by 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol  furnishes  4-methyl-3-(4-{2-[(4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)oxy]ethyl}phenoxy)-4H-1,2,4-triazole. The main process of the target phenoxytriazole formation is accompanied by a side reaction due to the hydroxide anion attacking the C3 position of the heterocycle whereby a highly reactive 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-one reacts with the starting nitrotriazole substrate to give 4,4’-dimethyl-4Н,4’Н-[1,3’]bi([1,2,4]triazolyl)-5’-one. The data obtained by the computer-aided prediction of the biological activity of the target phenoxytriazole suggest that further experimental trials of the resultant compound hold promise.
WHITE AND RED PHOSPHORUS BIOLOGICAL DETOXICATION
Authors: Миндубаев А.З. , Бабынин Э.В. , Волошина А.Д. , Бадеева Е.К. , Минзанова С.Т. , Миронова Л.Г. , Акосах Й.А.
Published: October 2024

Элементный (белый и красный) фосфор является одним из самых опасных загрязнителей окружающей среды. Тем не менее, он применяется в промышленности и в военных целях, поэтому не исключается попадание данного токсиканта в окружающую среду. В наших работах впервые получены культуры микроорганизмов (грибов и стрептомицетов), растущих в средах с содержанием элементного фосфора. Это первый известный пример включения элементного фосфора в биосферный круговорот фосфора. Мы идентифицировали микроорганизмы, растущие на белом фосфоре, как новые штаммы Aspergillus niger и Streptomyces sampsonii, которым были присвоены номера A. niger АМ1 и S. sampsonii А8.Показано, что штаммы грибов Aspergillus niger адаптируются к токсиканту лучше, чем бактерии, но A. niger АМ1 превосходит остальные, исследованные нами. Метод ЯМР продемонстрировал, что A. niger АМ1 медленно метаболизирует гипофосфит, образующийся в результате биодеградации белого фосфора, но не метаболизирует фосфит. Данные ЯМР и роста в средах с этими веществами хорошо согласуются. Также, впервые проведено исследование филогенетического родства A. niger АМ1 со способными к биодеградации штаммами A. niger и A. fumigatus из базы NCBI.

The growth of microorganisms of various taxonomic groups (fungi, streptomyces and bacteria) was observed for the first time in culture media containing elemental (white and red) phosphorus as the source of phosphorus. This is the first known example of the incorporation of elemental phosphorus into the biospheric circulation of the phosphorus. The highest concentration applied in this study exceeds the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of white phosphorus in wastewater by 5000 times, and in drinking water by up to 100000000 times! The growth selection of cultures resistant was carried out for the first time. We identified the microorganisms, growing on white phosphorus, as new strains of Aspergillus niger and Streptomyces sampsonii. The number A. niger AM1 and S. sampsonii A8 were assigned to them, respectively. Strains of the A. nigerisolates were shown to better adapt to toxicant than the bacteria, but A. niger AM1 is surpasses to the others we have studied. The NMR method demonstrated that A. niger AM1 slowly metabolizes hypophosphite resulting from the biodegradation of white phosphorus, but does not metabolize phosphite. The NMR data conforms to fungal growth dynamics with these substances in media. Also, was first studied phylogenetic relationship of A. nigerAM1 with biodegradable A. niger and A. fumigatus strains from the NCBI database.
REACTION BETWEEN 3-NITRO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE AND MENTHOL IN ACIDIC MEDIUM
Authors: Крупнова И.А. , Суханов Г.Т. , Суханова А.Г. , Босов К.К. , Филиппова Ю.В. , Пивоварова Е.В.
Published: October 2024

Показано, что 3-нитро-1,2,4-триазол вступает в реакцию алкилирования с ментолом с образованием соответствующих конъюгатов. Процесс сопровождается скелетной перегруппировкой спирта с образованием промежуточных катионов, которые вовлекаются в целевую реакцию алкилирования.

3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazole was shown to engage in the alkylation reaction with menthol to yield the corresponding conjugates. The process came amid a skeletal rearrangement of alcohol to give intermediate cations which were involved in the target alkylation reaction.
DIMENSION INDICATOR OF VIBRATION SIGNAL FOR DIAGNOSIS OF GAZ TURBINE ENGINES SUPPORT BEARING
Authors: Тяпкин С.А.
Published: October 2024

Приведены результаты исследования корреляционной размерности вибросигнала авиационных двигателей в случаях разрушения опорных подшипников. Актуальность исследования определяется поиском перспективных решений для управления ресурсом авиационных двигателей, совершенствования их технического обслуживания и снижения стоимости жизненного цикла. Установлено что корреляционные размерности вибросигнала исправного и дефектного подшипников различимы с уровнем значимости 0,002. Научная значимость исследования заключается в том, что впервые статистически обосновано применение размерности вибросигнала в системах диагностирования опорных подшипников газотурбинных двигателей. Проведённый эксперимент с использованием данных с бортовых устройств регистрации летательных аппаратов подтвердил результаты исследования.

Shown results of research correlation dimension of vibration signal in cases of destruction aviation engines support bearings. The relevance of the study is determined by the search for promising solutions to improve the maintenance of aircraft engines. It is established that the correlation dimension of the vibration signal of working and defective bearings are contrast with a significance level 0.002. The scientific significance of the research lies in the statistical substantiation of the application of vibration signal dimension in gas turbine engines support bearings diagnosis systems. The conducted experiment with the use of data from on-board aircraft registration devices confirmed the results of the research.
INFLUENCE OF POWDERS OF HIGH-ENERGY METALLIC FUELS ON THE EXPLOSION HEAT AND THE PERFORMANCE OF EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Сурначев И.Н. , Пушкин Д.В. , Петров Е.А. , Беляев В.А. , Чеканов М.А.
Published: October 2024

В статье приведены результаты исследования характеристик высокоплотных литьевых взрывчатых составов (ВС) с высокоэнергетическими металлическими добавками (алюминием, магнием, бериллием), которые представляют повышенный интерес для использования на практике, так как обладают высокой теплотой взрыва и работоспособностью. Представлены расчетные и опытные термохимические и энергетические характеристики ВС с высокоэнергетическими добавками. Наилучшей работоспособностью обладают ВС с добавками алюминия. Оптимальное содержание алюминия составляет около 30 %. Предложены варианты фугасных ВС повышенной работоспособности.

The article presents the results of studying the characteristics of high-density cast explosive compositions (EC) with high-energy metal additives (aluminum, magnesium, beryllium), which are of increased interest for the practical use since they have a high heat of explosion and a high performance. Design and trial thermochemical and energy characteristics of EC with high-energy additives are presented. EC with aluminum additives have the best performance. The optimum aluminum content is around 30%. Variants of high-explosive EC of increased efficiency are proposed.
A new synthetic method for octaazadioxodecahydroanthracene
Authors: Глухачева В.С. , Ильясов С.Г.
Published: October 2024

Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований по разработке нового, трех стадийного способа синтеза 2,3,4a,6,7,8a, 9,10-октааза-4,8-диоксо-3,4,4a,7,8,8a, 9,9a,10,10a-декагидроантрацена из мочевины: нитрованием мочевины до симметричной N,N'-динитромочевиной, и ее последующим взаимодействием с бис(гидразон)глиоксалем при нагревании. При этом необходим как минимум двукратный избыток N,N'-динитромочевины вследствие ее быстрого гидролиза, что так же способствует смещению рН среды в кислую сторону, необходимую для трициклизации. Показано, что выделение из реакционной массы промежуточной бисгидразонной соли N,N'-динитромочевины и ее последующий нагрев в воде приводит к получению как моноциклического так и трициклического продукта в зависимости от условий протекания реакции. На данный момент это самый простой и эффективный метод синтеза трициклического соединения 1. т.к. суммарный выход повышается с 4 % до 33% при значительном сокращении временных затрат, по сравнению с другими известными методиками.

Here we report the results of experimental studies on the development of a new three-pot method for the synthesis of 2,3,4a, 6,7,8a, 9,10-octaaza-4,8-dioxo-3,4,4a, 7,8,8a, 9,9a, 10,10a-decahydroanthracene from urea by nitration of urea to symmetric N,N'-dinitrourea followed by the reaction of the latter with bis(hydrazine)glyoxal when heated. In this case, at least a twofold excess of N,N'-dinitrourea is required due to its fast hydrolysis, which also facilitates the pH shift of the medium towards the acidic required for tricyclization. The liberation of the bishydrazone salt of N,N'-dinitrourea and its further heating in water were shown to furnish both a monocyclic and a tricyclic product, depending on the reaction conditions. At this point, this is the simplest and most efficient method for the synthesis of tricyclic compound 1 because the total yield rises from 4% to 33%, with the time costs considerably reduced as compared to the other known methods.
ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF A REMOTE REGISTRATION OF POWERFUL LASER RADIATION IN THE EARTH`S ATMOSPHERE BY MEANS OF LIDAR MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Григорьевский В.И. , Садовников В.П.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается проблема обнаружения интенсивного лазерного излучения от источников на борту самолета или спутниковой космической системы. Показано, что такие мощные лазерные пучки могут быть обнаружены благодаря рассеянию Рэлея пассивным лидаром с высокочувствительными приемниками на основе лавинных фотодиодов. Радиус действия лидара рассчитывался в зависимости от мощности лазерного луча и были получены оценки мощности, принимаемой лидаром в пассивном режиме. Оценки проводились для ночных условий в отсутствие солнечного облучения.

The article deals with the problem of detecting intense laser radiation from sources on board an aircraft or a satellite space system. It is shown that such powerful laser beams can be detected by meanth of Rayleigh scattering by a passive lidar with highly sensitive receivers based on avalanche photodiodes. The lidar action radius was calculated depending on the power of the laser beam and estimates of the power received by the lidar in the passive mode were obtained. Evaluations were performed for night conditions in the absence of solar exposure.
تمكين العاملين وعلاقته بالمِيزَة التَنَافُسِية: حالة دراسية/ القِطَاع الفُندُقي/ سَلّطَنة عُمَان
Authors: البحري خلف سليمان
Published: October 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى توضيح مدى العلاقة بين تمكين العاملين والتي تتمثل في أبعاده (تَفِويض السُلطَة، التَدرِيب، التحفيز، فرق العمل، المشاركة الفاعلة) وبالمِيزَة التَنَافُسِية والتي تتمثل في أبعادها (قِيادَة الكُلفَة، التَركِيز، الإبداع) في القطاع الفندقي بسَلطَنة عُمَان بالإضافة إلى معرفة الفروق الإحصائية من خلال إجابة العاملين التي تعزى للمتغيرات الديموغرافية وذلك من خلال اختبار فرضيات الدراسة.  ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة اتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي حيث استخدم برنامج الحزم الإحصائية الاجتماعية ( SPSS.V_25) لتحليل بيانات الدراسة لمناسبته مع طبيعة الدراسة من حيث أهدافها وأسئلتها، يتكون مجتمع الدراسة من العاملين بالقطاع الفندقي بسلطنة عمان والبالغ عددهم خمسة آلاف ومئتين وثلاثين موظفاَ متوزعين على عدد ستمئة واثنتي عشرة منشأة فندقية على مستوى سلطنة عمان بجميع فئاتها، وتم استخدام أسلوب العينة العشوائية البسيطة وقد بلغت العينة ثلاثمئة وسبعة وخمسين(357) موظفاً عاملاً، كما توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: وجود علاقة إيجابية لتمكين العاملين والتي تتمثل في أبعاده تفويض السلطة، التدريب ، التحفيز، فرق العمل، المشاركة الفاعلة على الميزة التنافسية أبعادها مجتمعة والمتمثلة في قيادة الكلفة، التركيز والإبداع، كما لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية لمجالات تمكين العاملين والذي يتمثل في بُعد تفويض السلطة بالإضافة إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية لمتوسطات مجالات تمكين العاملين تعزى لمتغير الخبرة. وأوصت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات، ومن أبرزها: الاهتمام بتشكيل فرق العمل وتفعيل العمل الجماعي، ووضع نظام فعال للحوافز ودراسة عوامل استراتيجيات التمكين وبخاصة تلك المتعلقة بالتدريب بالإضافة التعرف إلى المعوقات التي تعترض عملية تطبيق المشاركة الفاعلة التي تتشجع على الإبداع وخلق أفكار جديدة.
Design and synthesis of a high explosive heat compound: 3,4-bis(5-(trinitromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxide
Authors: Chen Yu-cong , Yu Qiong , Yi Wenbin
Published: October 2024

Reaching zero oxygen balance in the molecular formula and introducing high enthalpy of formation groups are powerful means to enhance the explosive heat of compounds. By using both methods simultaneously, 3,4-bis(5-(trinitromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxide (4). A series of energetic salts (3, 5-7) related to compound 4 have also been synthesized. The structures of compounds 3 and 4 were determined by single crystal diffraction, with compound 3 having pores between its molecules and being considered hydrogen-bonding organic frameworks (HOFs). This makes compound 3 have lower mechanical sensitivity (IS=25 J, FS＞360). Compound 4 (Q: 6949 kJ kg-1) has a relatively high heat of detonation, higher than CL-20 (Q: 6534 kJ kg–1), providing a new idea for creating high-energy compounds with high explosive heat.
Microseismicity at the Time of a Large Creep Event on the Calaveras Fault is Unresponsive to Stress Changes
Authors: Huang Litong , Schwartz Susan , Brodsky Emily
Published: October 2024

The potential relationship between surface creep and deeper geological processes is unclear, even on one of the world’s best-studied faults. From June to August 2021, a large creep event with surface slip of more than 16 mm was recorded on the Calaveras fault in California, part of the San Andreas fault system. This event initially appeared to be accompanied by along-fault migration of seismicity, suggesting it penetrated to depth. Other studies have suggested that surface creep events are likely a shallow feature, unrelated to deep seismicity. To provide more detail on the relationship between earthquakes, surface creep, and potential aseismic slip at seismogenic depth, we tripled the number of earthquakes in the Northern California Earthquake Catalog in the region of the creep event for all of 2021. This was accomplished by implementing earthquake detection techniques based on both template matching (EQCorrscan) and AI-based automatic earthquake phase picking (PhaseNet). After manual inspection, the detected earthquakes were first located using Hypoinverse and subsequently relocated via GrowClust. Our enhanced catalog indicates that the spatiotemporal pattern of earthquakes here is not strongly influenced by the creep event and is better explained by structural heterogeneity than transient stress changes, indicating a decoupling of seismicity rate and surficial creep on this major fault.
A Study on the Analysis of School Safety Factors Reflected in the Future School Pre-planning Report
Authors:   KOREA CPTED ASSOCIATION, Jung Sang-Pil , Kim Jin-Wook
Published: October 2024

The Green Smart Future School project, launched in 2021, aims to ensure structural stability and enhance educational functionalities in school buildings over 40 years old. The Ministry of Education has established a pre-planning system required before the design competition phase, which includes stages of current state analysis, educational planning, and user participatory design.
This study aimed to propose directions for improving pre-planning to create safer schools by categorizing and analyzing the frequency and key considerations within the area of school safety. It was possible to identify necessary improvements related to safety considerations, including step-by-step safety considerations in pre-planning reports, features of safety discussions by school level, and the main issues in the five areas of school safety. The analysis revealed that the evaluations in pre-planning reports, which aim to anticipate and prepare for safety-related issues, were generally insufficient. In particular, the initial safety evaluations that take into account age-specific characteristics during the current state analysis stage were found to be lacking. Additionally, it was suggested that the decision-making process on the type of project should include assessments of both structural safety and overall school safety, necessitating more detailed evaluations and enhanced efforts towards improving safety.
Criteria and Indicators of Foreign Language Teachers’ Soft Communicative Skills
Authors: Zhytnytska Anastasiia
Published: October 2024

The article explores the crucial role of soft communicative skills for English language teachers, emphasizing their significance within the broader framework of soft skills essential for effective teaching. It highlights that beyond simply transmitting information, teachers must engage, inspire, and connect with students on various levels, employing both verbal and non-verbal cues, active listening, adaptability, and creating a supportive learning environment. It stresses the importance of these skills in addressing modern trends in education, particularly in Ukraine’s efforts to foster a multicultural environment for Euro integration processes. The research tasks outlined include clarifying the terminological framework, characterizing soft communication skills as a component of soft skills, and highlighting the importance of obtaining these skills. Theoretical foundations from various fields such as philology, psychology, sociology, and pedagogy are examined to provide insight into the complexity of communication as a scientific issue. The study identifies promising prospects in improving curricula and courses in foreign language teaching, stimulating further scholarly work in the field, and enhancing pedagogical practice. It emphasizes that soft communication skills are essential not only for the work of foreign language teachers but also for the functioning of the entire educational institution. The article presents a comprehensive list of criteria and indicators of foreign language teachers’ soft communication skills, including emotional intelligence, proficiency in the foreign language, communicative skills, and personal effectiveness. These criteria serve as a basis for further research into the methods and conditions for developing these essential skills in future foreign language teachers. The study highlights the significance of soft communicative skills for foreign language teachers and underscores the need for continued research and development in this area to enhance pedagogical practice and improve the quality of foreign language instruction.
Pemeriksaan Kadar hCG Metode ELISA pada Serum suhu 4Â°C dan 25Â°C
Authors: Anggraini Herlisa , Lestari Erma , Kartika Aprilia Indra , Kakiay Grevanmoy Febriani , Telleng Prisca Audra
Published: October 2024

Suhu serum pada uji ELISA merupakan faktor pra analitik yang dapat mempengaruhi kadar parameter yang diukur. Serum yang tidak diperiksa secara langsung akan disimpan pada suhu 4Â°C, sedangkan pemeriksaan ELISA menggunakan spesimen serum suhu ruangan (25Â°C). Masa tunggu suhu serum menjadi 4Â°C hingga 25Â°C seringkali tidak tepat sehingga pemeriksaan tetap dilakukan meskipun serum masih berada pada suhu 4Â°C. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan suhu serum pada suhu 4Â°C dan 25Â°C pada uji ELISA maka dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan parameter Human Chorionic Gonadrotopin (hCG). hCG adalah salah satu parameter untuk mendiagnosis kehamilan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi apakah terdapat perbedaan kadar hCG serum pada suhu 4Â°C dan 25Â°C menggunakan metode ELISA. Sampel yang digunakan adalah ibu hamil trimester II sebanyak 10 orang yang akan diperiksa secara duplo. Masing masing 10 spesimen akan diperiksa kadar hCG menggunakan metode ELISA dalam kondisi suhu serum 4Â°C dan 25Â°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hCG serum yang diperiksa pada suhu 25Â°C (385.677 IU/L) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan serum pada suhu 4Â°C (381.912 IU/L), namun hasil statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kadar HCG diperiksa pada suhu 4Â°C dan 25Â°C (p >0,05).
Sweet and salt taste sensitivity in children and elderly and its correlation with
obesity and hypertension
Authors: Farapti F. , Sari A.N. , Fadilla C. , Nor N.M. , Aziz S.A.A.
Published: October 2024

Dietary intake in children and the elderly is affected by the ability to recognize the taste.
Children and sweetness are closely linked, and the elderly have a problem caused by the
deterioration of their physiological condition. The research aimed to analyze taste
sensitivity in children and the elderly and its correlation with obesity and hypertension. 54
elderly (60 years old) and 101 children (9 to 15 years old) participated in this crosssectional study. Three concentrations of sucrose and saline solutions were applied to the
specific part of the tongue. When compared to children, the elderly are significantly less
sensitive to sweet and salty tastes (22.2% vs. 58.4%; 81.5% vs. 89.1%). According to
gender, women have better sensitivity than men in both children and the elderly. In
children, sweet taste sensitivity was positively correlated with age (r = 0.262; P = 0.008)
and this was reflected in girls (r = 0.276; p = 0.024) and BMI/U (r = 0.213; p = 0.032). In
the elderly, age was negatively correlated with salt taste sensitivity (r = -0.401; p = 0.003),
and this was observed significantly in older men (p = 0.027; r = -0.611). Sweet and salty
taste sensitivity was positively correlated with male diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Sweet
taste sensitivity in children and salty taste sensitivity in the elderly should be of concern
due to its correlation with obesity and hypertension. Appropriate adjustment of sugar and
salt intake for both children and the elderly is important to avoid negative health
consequences.
Shelf-life extension using bioplastic films incorporated with black seed oil
Authors: Holliday D.L. , Radchenko V.V. , Wiltz S.C. , Sannasardo K.R. , Alamilla G.A. , Ellis L.L.
Published: October 2024

Spoilage is estimated at $165.6 billion dollars yearly in the United States with meats
accounting for 41%. The CDC reported in 2013, over 19,000 cases of food borne
infection, 4,200 leading to hospitalization, and 80 deaths. Black seed (Nigella sativa) has
shown antimicrobial properties, but due to flavor, it should be incorporated into
packaging. This research looked at the impact of black seed oil (BSO) incorporated into
bioplastics on bacterial growth. Corn, rice, and potato starches were used to make
bioplastic trays (BT) using 90 g starch, 180 mL water, 6 mL glacial acetic acid, 9 mL
glycerol, and 300 ppm BSO in test samples. Rapid Visco Analysis (RVA) was performed
on starches to identify thermal breakdown. The bioplastics were esterified under agitation
at 62°C before drying. Beef, chicken, and shrimp were inoculated with Escherichia coli
K12, Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Pseudomonas putida broths, respectively. Each
protein was placed onto a BT, covered, and refrigerated at 5°C for 5 days before
measuring the total bacterial load through ATP illuminometer. When comparing RVA, the
potato starch showed the quickest peak time but the highest thermal breakdown. The corn
starch had the slowest peak time and the least thermal breakdown. The BSO varied in
efficiency depending on the microorganism and BT substrate. A greater reduction was
seen in E. coli on rice BT and Staphylococcus on potato BT. This research was aimed at
reducing food spoilage and landfill waste. The anticipated higher material costs can be
justified by the increased safety and extended shelf life of the foods protected.
PUBLIC WORKS, PUBLIC LAND, PUBLIC INTEREST: Exploring community engagement with land disposal under the Public Works Act 1981
Authors:   , Gasson Stacey
Published: October 2024

The Public Works Act 1981 (PWA) is New Zealand’s primary legislation governing the disposal of ‘surplus’ public land. Disposals can be contentious due to persistent public conceptions of public land as a community benefit, rather than a state asset. Uncommon disposals of large sites may attract particular attention due to the consequences of significant land use change for surrounding communities and environments. Yet, recognition of geographic communities’ interests in a disposal ranges from piecemeal to highly compromised.

Governmental emphases on debt reduction, market-oriented efficiency and, recently, housing shortages have reduced New Zealand’s public landholdings by 31% since 1982. The number of interests recognised in the disposal process and the significance of land have also increased. Yet, depoliticising mechanisms introduced in parallel, such as the fragmentation of responsibility and a procedural focus, suppress the political character of public land decisions at multiple points, delimiting public scrutiny, narrowing concepts of land value, and relocating governmental accountability for outcomes.

This thesis explores one community’s collaborative engagement with the Act’s distinctive ‘offer-back’ provisions, hierarchy of ‘recognised’ interests and indigenous history. Wainuiwhenua Working Group (WWG) is a community-led affiliation of local residents, mana whenua, previous landowners and government agencies seeking to retain public ownership of 450 hectares surplus to motorway construction. Bordering Paekākāriki, the land’s future has considerable implications for the locality’s character, vulnerability to climate hazards and environmental health.

While WWG’s experience highlights multiple depoliticising logics and structures, the contestability of PWA provisions is also revealed. However, the group’s capacity to navigate and challenge the system is underpinned by significant social capital. It is concluded then that, without formal provision for community input and collaboration, consideration of community interests and rare opportunities for planning large-scale public good uses will continue to be both neglected and highly inconsistent.
Thoughts on the Reform of the Personnel System of the Head of Public Institutions for Improving Demo
Authors:   The Korea Association Of Governance Studies, Kim Nam Hee , Ryu Sangyub
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the current research is to analyze the appointment and tenure system for heads of public institutions in Korea, identify the issues, and provide recommendations. We argue that heads of public institutions should possess both the expertise to run these institutions and democratic accountability to the elected president and their administration. By law, public institution heads are supposed to be appointed based on merit; however, in practice, political appointments are common. Regarding tenure, public institution heads are guaranteed a three-year term, but in reality, especially during periods of presidential transitions, they are often expected to step down either voluntarily or due to political pressure. To address the gap between legal provisions and reality, this research proposes a new appointment system that harmonizes the spoils system and the merit system, with an emphasis on the accountability of public institution heads. First, we suggest preserving the president's authority to politically appoint heads of public institutions, which secures democratic accountability, while applying the qualification standards used in the open competitive system for senior civil servants to ensure a minimum level of expertise. Second, while the president retains the authority to appoint public institution heads, an Independent Verification Committee (tentative name) should be established to verify the expertise of candidates and monitor any unqualified appointments by the president. Lastly, concerning the tenure of public institution heads, this study recommends abolishing the three-year term and, similar to political appointees, removing fixed terms altogether to expand the president's appointment authority and enhance the political accountability of public institution heads. We expect that our recommendations can help resolve the recurring conflicts over public institution appointments that have plagued successive governments.
PARTS OF SPEECH AND THE POWER OF WORDS – A LESSON IN LINGUISTIC, SOCIAL, AND EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE
Authors:   First Primary School ‘St. Cyril and St. Methodius’, Gotse Delchev, Kisheva Hristina
Published: October 2024

Parts of Speech and the Power of Words’ was a lesson that synchronised language and personal competences. Conducted in the second grade students’ self-study class, the lesson aligned in its relevance the skills of detecting, distinguishing and matching parts of speech and the skills of communicating through empathy. The team tasks were designed to challenge students to demonstrate their knowledge and skills about the different grammatical categories of the parts of speech. The reference to the nature of the adjective as a symbol of the qualification of objects and people provoked the cross-curricular relationship of the lesson with psychology and citizenship education. Every word evokes a reaction in a person, and that reaction is his emotions. Working with emotion cards helped students build on their knowledge of the types of emotions a person can experience and how to recognize them in themselves and others. At the end of the lesson, students decorated wooden spoons with the message that a kind word is food for the soul. Empathy, as one of the key competences of the 21st century, is extremely important in interpersonal relationships. Its foundations are laid in early childhood to be built upon throughout life.
THE MAGICAL WORLD OF MUSIC – AN INTERACTIVE LESSON IN INTEREST ACTIVITIES – 1ST GRADE
Authors:   First Primary School ‘St. Cyril and St. Methodius’, Gotse Delchev, Terzieva Yanka , Dzhalov Dimitar ,   First Primary School ‘St. Cyril and St. Methodius’, Gotse Delchev
Published: October 2024

“The Magical World of Music“ is an interactive lesson in First Grade Interest Activities. We chose the topic unanimously, because of our love for music, the innate musicality of the students and the magic that prevails in children’s world under the form of fairy tales, characters like Santa Claus and Grandma Martha, the ritual Narichane and others. “The Magical World of Music“ provides the opportunity to connect all these components and introduce students to the vast world of music. Taking into consideration the age characteristics and social experience of the first graders, we relied on a variety of activities and cross-curricular connections, through the implementation of which we could achieve the goals set by the lesson. Game activities, as a well-established approach to increasing students’ activity in all organizational forms of learning, education and socialization, were leading during the work process. New knowledge that first graders acquire include the impact of music on human emotions, the creation of music and its connection with folk traditions. They learn new terms. Knowledge and skills in Bulgarian language and literature, mathematics, fi ne arts, national studies, music are combined during the course of the lesson.