bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Function of Language in Understanding Islamic Psychology in Islamic Educational Institutions: A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Husain Andi Musthafa , Wantini Wantini , Syaifussalam Muhammad Lathief
Published: September 2024

This article aims to investigate and elaborate on key concepts in Islamic psychology, focusing on fithrah (nature), aql (intellect), nafs (self), and qalb (heart). As a primary concern, this research seeks to understand the interconnection between these four concepts and how their influence shapes human behavior and spiritual growth in the context of Islam. The research methodology involved an in-depth literature analysis of Islamic theological and philosophical sources. This approach allows researchers to explore the roots of thought and scholars' interpretations of fithrah, aql, nafs and qalb. Furthermore, this approach provides insight into how these concepts are applied in everyday life, especially in the context of education and personal development. The research findings indicate that fithrah, as inherent to human nature, plays a crucial role in guiding individuals toward spiritual and moral awareness. Aql, as a gift from Allah, grants humans the ability to think and understand, paving the way for the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of God. Nafs, as the internal dimension of humans, play a central role in self-development, understanding emotions, and maintaining a balance between worldly desires and spiritual aspirations. Qalb, or the heart, is considered the center of spirituality and moral values, requiring care to remain pure and draw closer to Allah. This article explores the implications of Islamic psychology concepts in the context of education and personal development. This research can serve as a foundation for the development of sustainable psychological approaches to holistically explore human potential, creating a balance between physical and spiritual dimensions. The final conclusion emphasizes the importance of integrating fithrah, aql, nafs, and qalb to shape a balanced and responsible human personality from an Islamic perspective.
Evaluación espacio-temporal del estado trófico en el sistema lagunar de Agiabampo, Sonora
Authors: Rivas-Marquez Juan Adolfo , Méndez-Barroso Luis Arturo , Sosa-Tinoco Ian Mateo , Robles-Morúa Agustín
Published: September 2024

La principal fuente de contaminación de las zonas costeras del sureste del Golfo de California son las descargas de aguas residuales agrícolas, las cuales, contienen una gran cantidad de fertilizantes nitrogenados dando como resultado un exceso de nutrientes en el agua. Sin embargo, el estado trófico en las lagunas costeras del Golfo de California ha sido poco estudiado, especialmente, en la región del sur de Sonora. El presente trabajo estima la variación temporal y espacial del estado trófico dentro del sistema lagunar de Agiabampo. La evaluación del estado trófico del estero se realizó mediante la aplicación del índice de estado trófico y un índice alternativo basado en la concentración de oxígeno disuelto y pH. Estos índices se estimaron en varios puntos a lo largo del sistema lagunar entre noviembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020. Adicionalmente se midieron en forma continua parámetros físicos y químicos del agua en dos puntos de muestreo mediante sondas de bajo costo. Los resultados indican que los niveles de eutrofización en la columna superficial en ambos índices fueron de medio a altos, mientras que la columna más profunda mostró más variación entre índices. Por otra parte, se encontraron marcadas diferencias estacionales en oxígeno disuelto, clorofila-a, temperatura, pH y salinidad a lo largo de un transecto de 15 km a partir del punto de las descargas de los drenes agrícolas. Los resultados de este trabajo proporcionan conocimiento base para entender el estado trófico de lagunas costeras que reciben descargas agrícolas. Además, los indicadores propuestos en este trabajo pueden ser implementados en observatorios de monitoreo tanto en el noroeste de México como en otros sistemas lagunares de regiones semiáridas en el mundo.
The Robust Negative Binomial Regression Model on Under-five Mortality due to Pneumonia in the Province of East Java
Authors: Qur'ani Anggun , Widyaningrum Chandra Sari , Rohimiyah Sa’adatur
Published: September 2024

Robust Negative Binomial regression model (RNBR) is a modelling method to overcome a problem if there are outliers and overdispersion in the data. Outliers are data points that are significantly different from other data. Outliers have a significant effect on modelling to the resulting model. Furthermore, overdispersion is indicated by the presence of too large values of Pearson statistics. In this study, the RNBR model was used to determine the factors of the toddler immune variable at post neonatal age that significantly influenced the number of under-five deaths caused by pneumonia in East Java Province. Based on the modelling obtained, it shows that the RNBR model provides more robust results in handling outlier and overdispersion problems. This can be seen from the AIC value of the RNBR model is smaller than the AIC of the Poisson regression model. In addition, and which are measures of the influence of outliers on the model, decreased from 1 for the Poisson regression model to around 0.42 for the RNBR model.
Effect of Random Under sampling, Oversampling, and SMOTE on the Performance of Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Models
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Soleh Agus Mohamad , Sadik Kusman
Published: September 2024

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) or commonly known as Heart Disease is a leading cause of mortality globally, prompting extensive research into predictive models to assess individual risk and plan preventive measures. Machine learning approaches such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and LASSO Logistic Regression have showed promise. Recent studies have indicated that traditional resampling methods like Random Oversampling, Random Undersampling, and SMOTE may not significantly improve model discrimination. This study aims to evaluate the impact of these techniques on the performance of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) prediction models, utilizing data from the UCI Machine Learning Heart Disease database. By employing LASSO Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) with resampling techniques, including Random Oversampling, Random Undersampling, and SMOTE. This research seeks to enhance understanding of model performance in addressing class imbalances within the dataset and contribute to refining cardiovascular disease (CVD) prediction strategies. This study demonstrates that the use of the SMOTE technique significantly enhances the performance of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prediction models. Specifically, when combined with the Random Forest algorithm, SMOTE achieves the best performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. This highlights the importance of selecting appropriate resampling techniques to handle class imbalance in datasets. Consequently, this research contributes to refining CVD prediction strategies and provides new insights into improving prediction accuracy in imbalanced medical data.
Covid-19 Vaccination Impact on Four Asean Countries’ Stock With Spatial Dependency: A Comparison of Panel and Geographically Weighted Regression
Authors: Herlina Marizsa , Rizq Shafira , Kurniati Eti , Fuadi Nabila Zahratu
Published: September 2024

Research about various policies and responses toward COVID-19 cases and its impact on stocks has grown recently. It shows that spatial influence is one of the keys in this research. The pandemic is not free from spatial dependence regarding how it indirectly impacts a country’s economy. Each country has different policies to handle COVID-19, such as lockdowns and vaccination. WHO stated that all countries require vaccination to build human immunity against COVID-19 in the future. Naturally, ASEAN implemented this policy; thus, it is crucial to see the extent of the impact of vaccination on the ASEAN economy. However, the residuals have heterogeneity problems when using the panel regression model. One of the reasons is that there is spatial dependence, especially when modeling the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, comparing panel regression with a geographically weighted regression panel (GWR-Panel) is substantial when exploring the reaction of stock returns to vaccination and positive cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand
Classification of Unisba Students' Graduation Time using Support Vector Machine Optimized with Grid Search Algorithm
Authors: Mahdy Ilham Faishal , Faladiba Muthia Nadhira , Rifai Nur Azizah Komara , Rahmawati Indah Siti , Firmansyah Andhika Sidiq
Published: September 2024

Support Vector Machine is a classification method that finds the optimal hyperplane to separate two data classes. SVM has much better generalization performance than other methods. However, SVM needs to improve in determining hyperparameter values. Therefore, parameter optimization is necessary to determine the optimal hyperparameter value. Grid search is one of the parameter optimization methods that can improve the quality of SVM models. This study aims to assess the level of accuracy in predicting student graduation times by using five features that affect it. This study shows that the resulting SVM model optimized with the Grid Search Algorithm is quite consistent and prevents overfitting. By utilizing the results of SVM modelling, UNISBA is expected to improve the quality of graduates. The risk of delays in graduation can be considered early by paying attention to the background and achievements of students
An Approach to Obscure Death: A Case Series
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Dr. D Y Patil Medical College & Research Centre, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India,, M. Band Rahul , V. Vaidya Nilesh ,   Medical Officer, Sub District Hospital, Phaltan 415523, Pune, Maharashtra, India, V. Lakhute Sadhana ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Dr. D Y Patil Medical College & Research Centre, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India,, L. Ghangale Ajay ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Symbiosis Medical College for Women & Symbisosis University Hospital and Reasearch Centre, Symbisosis International University, Lavale 412115, Pune, Maharashtra, India., D. Gaiwale Sanjay ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Symbiosis Medical College for Women & Symbisosis University Hospital and Reasearch Centre, Symbisosis International University, Lavale 412115, Pune, Maharashtra, India., D. Dhumal Anshuman ,   Medical Officer, Sub District Hospital, Phaltan 415523, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2024

IntroductIon: An Autopsy doesn’t always yield cause of death easily. In 20-25% cases detailed history, visit to scene of incident, histological, toxicological& microbiological investigations might be required. Even then circumstantial evidence plays important role. case reports: Article presents and discusses four cases, two of electrocution, one natural neonatal death and one accidental phosphorous poisoning. How challenging it can be to ascertain cause of death at rural hospital set up. dIscussIon: Various natural and unnatural causes can lead to death without any evident pathology or signs such as sudden infant deaths, biochemical disturbances, functional disorders like epilepsy, electrocution, concealed trauma, certain poisonings, vagal and anaphylactic shocks. conclusIon & recoMMendatIons: All necessary and possible investigations should be done in obscure deaths to exclude such causes and to prevent allegations that the death was not investigated as fully as it should have been. Special efforts are needed to raise awareness regarding use and storage of hazardous materials to prevent accidental deaths.
Sul da Bahia: do multilinguismo ao unilinguismo (1760-1940)
Authors: Argolo Wagner
Published: September 2024

Trata-se de artigo em que se expõe a hipótese de que a luta pela posse das terras do cacau, iniciada na segunda metade do século XVIII, teria sido a responsável pela dizimação do contingente populacional depositário do multilinguismo de cerca de 60 línguas no sul da Bahia. Essas lutas teriam tido seu auge no final do século XIX, quando, devido à substituição da população multilíngue pela população unilíngue em português, se tem, simultaneamente, a introdução dessa língua como a única da região.
Melatonin enhances salt tolerance by promoting CcCAD10-mediated lignin biosynthesis in pigeon pea
Authors: FENG PAN , Li Hongquan , Qu Ming , An Xiaoli , Yang Jie , Yujie Fu
Published: September 2024

Melatonin plays an important role in improving plant resistance to salt stress by regulating biosynthesis of specialized metabolites. Phenylpropanoids, especially lignin, contribute to all aspects of plant responses towards biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the crosstalk between melatonin and lignin is largely unknown in pigeon pea under salt stress. In this study, the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase CcCAD10 was identified to be involved in melatonin treatment and salt stress. The content of lignin was increased substantially in CcCAD10 over-expression (OE) lines, the activities of antioxidant enzyme was increased, indicating enhanced salt resistance. As a parallel branch of the lignin synthesis pathway, the content of flavonoids was further determined. The accumulations of luteolin, genistin, genistein, biochain A, apigenin and isovitexin were down-regulated in CcCAD10-OE hairy root. The results indicate that CcCAD10-OE mediated carbon flow from the phenylalanine pathway is redirected to the lignin pathway at the expense of less carbon flow in the flavonoid pathway, enhancing the salt-tolerance. Furthermore, we found the exogenous melatonin stimulated endogenous melatonin production mainly by upregulating the expression of CcASMT2 gene. This study found a new way for melatonin to improve the salt tolerance of pigeon pea, which laid a foundation for exploring the molecular mechanism of melatonin in salt stress response.
Characteristics of GTF2I L424H Mutated Thymoma and its Prognostic Impact: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Tan Sheng , Li Shaojie , Zhao Xiaokai , Yang Pengmin , Liu Xia , Zhou Caihong , Hu Xuejiao , Li Jieyi , Gong Ziying , Zhang Daoyun
Published: September 2024

Thymic Epithelial Tumor (TET), a rare thoracic tumor, including thymoma and thymic carcinoma, has limited research on thymoma prognostic markers compared to thymic carcinoma. Using the cBiportal database, we analyzed gene expression, methylation, and mutation data in TETs. We explored the relationship between the GTF2I L424H mutation and thymoma pathology through differential gene expression, pathway enrichment analyses, and COX regression to develop a thymoma risk score. Compared with GTF2I wild-type, patients harboring GTF2I L424H mutation displayed distinctive gene expression and methylation profiles, resembling differences between pathology low-risk and high-risk patients. Importantly, patients with the GTF2I L424H mutation demonstrated a better prognosis than wild-type patients, but no such distinction was noted between low-risk and high-risk patients. Pathway analysis suggested that the mutation potentially regulates tumor development-related pathways, including the P53, Hippo, and TGFβ signaling pathways, ECM-receptor interaction, and tumor immune cell infiltration. Additionally, ten hub genes identified by cytoHubba, FGF20, FGF10, EGF, and TWIST1 were selected by stepwise multivariate Cox regression to construct a risk score model for thymoma. These findings highlight the potential role of the GTF2I L424H mutation as a prognostic factor, advocating for genetic profiling in personalized treatment strategies.
Montmorillonite as an “accelerator” for the microbial carbonpumpduring artificial biocrust construction
Authors: Zhang Cui , Zhou Keqiang , Wang Zhen , Zhou Zhou , Meza J. Viridiana García , Song Shaoxiao , Kim H , Montes María Luciana , Benzaazoua Mostafa , Xia Ling
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims
Artificial biocrusts play a crucial role as a carbon pool in reversing desertification. However, current research has focused predominantly on the microbes, neglecting the effect of clay minerals on the biocrust carbon pump.
Methods
This study constructed clay-based artificial biocrusts and investigated the effect of clay minerals on the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation. The co-inoculation of montmorillonite (MMT) and Microcoleus vaginatus was carried out, and parameters related to SOC accumulation were determined, including microbial biomass carbon, the content of SOC, and chlorophyll a (Chl-a).
Results
The experimental results demonstrated that the SOC contents in the MMT-algae (≥ 1.4 g dm− 2) inoculation groups were over 3.45 times higher than those in the algae group on day 84, with 1.4 g dm− 2 as the optimal amount of MMT added. Furthermore, MMT played a crucial role in microbial growth and SOC stability, with microbial proliferation being the primary driver of SOC accumulation. Moreover, MMT favored microorganisms with strong photosynthetic capabilities.
Conclusion
MMT can serve as an accelerator for the microbial carbon pump during the construction of artificial biocrusts. This study provided a feasible solution and a reliable theoretical foundation for the accelerated restoration of desertification areas.
Search for the elusive haplotype of the APOE polymorphism associated with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Cheema Asma Naseer , Lawrence Elizabeth , Zafari Narges , Fan Kang-Hsien , Shi Ruyu , Aslam Muhammad Muaaz , Acharya Vibha , Holderman Alayna Jean , Bedison Annie , Feingold Eleanor , Kamboh M. Ilyas
Published: September 2024

The common APOE2/E3/E4 polymorphism is determined by two-site haplotypes: C112R and R158C. Due to strong linkage disequilibrium between the two sites, three of the four expected haplotypes/alleles (E2, E3, E4) have been observed. Compared to the most common haplotype of E3 (C112 – R158), the E4 (R112 – R158) and E2 (C112 – C158) haplotypes are determined by a single-point mutation at codons 112 and 158, respectively. The fourth haplotype (E5) having mutations at both sites (R112–C158) has been reported only as an incidental finding in three kindreds. To our knowledge, no systematic search has been done to determine its distribution in the general population. The objective of this study was to search for the elusive haplotype in 355 APOE 2/4 subjects derived from 14,819 genotyped subjects. A DNA fragment of 177bp from APOE 2/4 subjects was subcloned into competent bacterial cells to construct the phased haplotype clones followed by Sanger sequencing. We also used Whole-genome sequencing and RFLP assay to search for the fourth haplotype. All three strategies confirmed that the E4 and E2 alleles are present on opposite chromosomes, with no example having both alleles on the same chromosome, suggesting E5 might have minimum effect, if any, on disease risk.
Leveraging Transferable Multimodal Deep Learning for the Rational Design and Functional Application of Perovskite Materials
Authors: Shao Shaofeng , Yan Liangwei , Li Jiale , Zhang Yizhou , Zhang Jun , Kim Hyoun Woo , Kim Sang Sub
Published: September 2024

Perovskite materials have emerged as a focal point in materials science due to their compositional diversity and structural uniqueness. However, the vast combinatorial possibilities of these materials pose challenges for traditional experimental and computational methods in identifying the optimal compounds. This study aims to systematically explore their application potential through a transferable multimodal deep learning approach. By formatting and standardizing one million abstracts from materials science literature using predefined rules and functions, the processed data becomes suitable for further analysis or machine learning tasks such as text classification and entity recognition. Compound vector representations were constructed and designed, followed by training lanthanide metal ions, transition metal ions, and ligand word vectors using the Word2Vec model. The correlations between compounds and keywords such as gas sensors, perovskites, heterojunctions, and crystal structures were computed. These correlation rankings provided foundational predictions for the crystal graph convolutional neural network (CGCNN) model. A dataset of 110,000 crystallographic information files (CIF) was loaded using predefined rules and functions to train and evaluate the CGCNN model. The processed data was used to predict the properties and characteristics of materials identified by the Word2Vec model. By loading the CIF files of the predicted materials, structural objects were created, surfaces generated, and adsorption model diagrams plotted to assess the optimal adsorption surfaces and sites, thereby achieving transferable multimodal deep learning. Experimental validation of the predicted results demonstrated excellent sensing performance. Our findings indicate a high correlation between the predicted properties and experimental results, validating the robustness of our approach.
Predicting Progression-free Survival in Primary Liver Cancer Patients via Radiomics from DSA during TACE
Authors: Liu Yong-fa , Cui Cheng , Gao Ben-jian , Luo Bin , Peng Fang-yi , Hu Shuai , Liu Lin-xin , Bai Xue-cheng , Li Yaling , Yang Xiaoli , Li Bo
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to establish a radiomics model based on DSA during TACE to predict transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with PLC who have undergone TACE treatment.
Methods: A retrospective cohort of 133 TACE patients split into training (79) and validation (54) sets extracted radiomics features from DSA images, followed by consistency assessment, feature dimension reduction, and computation of the radiomics score (Radscore). Radiomics models, clinical models, and combined radiomics and clinical models were established on the basis of the Radscore and independent clinical risk factors. Goodness-of-fit assessments were performed for all the models, and calibration and decision curves were used to evaluated their calibration ability and clinical utility.
Results: After applying multiple feature reduction methods, 15 radiomics features were ultimately selected to calculate the Radscore. The mPFS in the low-risk group was significantly longer than that in the high-risk group (training: 15.7 vs. 5.5 months, P < 0.001; validation: 9.3 vs. 2.4 months, P = 0.0012). The combined model outperformed both radiomics and clinical models with higher AUCs, better AIC and BIC values, and a higher log-likelihood. Calibration curves and decision curves confirmed its superior predictive accuracy and clinical utility.
Conclusion: The Radscore based on DSA radiomics features can be used to stratify patients into risk groups, and nomograms based on intraoperative DSA radiomics and clinical indicators during TACE constitute a novel strategy to predict PFS in PLC patients receiving TACE treatment.
“Developing and testing the Effectiveness of integrated skills laboratory practical demonstration frame work in a 5-step Afrocentric pedagogy on instructors and nursing student’s knowledge, attitude and utilization in Tanzania: Mixed Method study”
Authors: Haddy Khadija Aboud , Millanzi Walter C. , Moshi Fabiola V.
Published: September 2024

BackgroundNurses and midwives competencies can be strengthened through proper skills lab utilization when schooling. So as to ensure safe and quality care provision. The aim of this study is to develop and test the effectiveness of the integrated skills lab practical demonstration (ISLPD) frame work for improving skills lab utilization among instructors and nursing students in a learner-centered approach, that’s focusing on active student participation and assessmentMethodsExplorative mixed method study will use descriptive qualitative research to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an ISLPD framework, followed by a longitudinal controlled quasi-experimental design to measure instructors' and students' knowledge, attitude and skills lab utilization.DiscussionThe study aims to address SDG 3 and 4 by producing skilled nurses. It develops a pedagogical approach to motivate clinical instructors and students to use skills labs effectively. The findings will inform universities, professional bodies, and policymakers about the effectiveness of the pedagogy as well as identify gaps for future research on strengthening nursing education in Tanzania.
URMAP: Ultralightweight Resilient Mutual Authentication Protocol
Authors: Khalid Madiha , Najam-ul-Islam Muhammad , Mujahid Umar
Published: September 2024

IoT devices collect and process information from remote locations and have significantly increased the productivity of ubiquitous networks. Smart sensing devices spanning the IoT ecosystem do not have powerful processors and the amount of memory is usually measured in kilobytes, so the traditional mechanisms can not be installed on the sensing layer resource constraint devices. The ultrahigh-frequency passive RFID tags are the most adopted resource constraint IoT devices that use ultralightweight mutual authentication protocols for the authenticated encryption of the tag/reader communication. This paper introduces the Ultralightweight Resilient Mutual Authentication Protocol (URMAP), which uses quantum computing-inspired ultralightweight primitives, performs its security analysis, and validates its ultralightweight nature by proposing the hardware design.
Influences of light-dark cycle and water temperature on in vitro egg laying, hatching and survival rate of the monopisthocotyla Thaparocleidus vistulensis (Siwak, 1932)
Authors: SAJIRI Wan Muhammad Hazim WAN , SZÉKELY Csaba , SELLYEI Boglárka
Published: September 2024

The European catfish (Silurus glanis) is an important species with high economic value, and its growing demand has led to intensive farming practices for it. However, this species is increasingly challenged by parasitic infections, particularly from a specific gill monopisthocotylan parasite called Thaparocleidus vistulensis. To establish effective management strategies, it is crucial to comprehend the fundamental environmental variables that could influence the reproductive and survival behaviour of T. vistulensis. The present study conducted controlled in vitro experiments to observe the fecundity, hatching rate, and survival ability of T. vistulensis under varying light-dark conditions, as well as across a range of water temperatures from 5°C to 35°C. Interestingly, light exposure led to a threefold increase in egg production by adult T. vistulensis compared to constant darkness. While light or dark conditions did not significantly affect the hatching and survival rate of adults, they did significantly affect the survival rate of oncomiracidia. The parasite’s fecundity was optimal at 15°C. Eggs hatched fastest at 30°C, whereas no hatching occurred at 5°C and 35°C. The survival rate for both oncomiracidia and adults showed a negative correlation with increasing water temperatures. These findings provide fundamental insights into how varying environmental variables impact the life cycle of the parasite. The improved understanding of these findings provides a valuable basis for the management of T. vistulensis in cultured European catfish stocks in fish farms.
Real-time Analog Processing with On-Chip Learning using Multiple-Input Translinear Elements
Authors: Sonnadara Charana , Shah Sahil
Published: September 2024

Analog processing has re-emerged as a mode of computing complex real-time algorithms since it consumes less power. Analog circuits are susceptible to mismatches, and variations could be mitigated with onboard training. In this study, we are presenting the use of analog floating-gate MITE-based circuits for various computations. The study showcases their use in performing various basic arithmetic operations. Analog computation can provide a significant advantage in applications where signals are in the analog domain. Here, the study uses a neural decoding task to demonstrate an application where input neural data are mapped to kinematics. The study demonstrates a real-time neural decoding task with an analog adaptive circuit. Additionally, we develop an on-chip learning algorithm to adapt the parameters of the analog adaptive circuit. For a neural decoding task, on-chip learning enables the improvement of the overall Pearson correlation coefficient from 0.07 to 0.69. On-chip learning and adaptation can significantly reduce the need for off-chip communication in implantable devices.
A B-integral managing strategy with multi-stage SCF amplifier: towards direct power scaling of femtosecond sources near 2 μm
Authors: Yu Haohai , Wang Jianlei , zhao Yongguang , Zhang Ning , Wei wenlong , Petrov Valentin , Zhang Huaijin
Published: September 2024

Intense femtosecond laser pulses at 2 µm hold tremendous promise for applications ranging from fundamental scientific research particularly in high-order harmonic generation (HHG) and next-generation laser-driven particle accelerator, to industry and life sciences. Compared with the well-designed chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) technique, direct amplification is the most predictable way for the realization of intense femtosecond laser pulses in the advantages of the simplicity and compactness but suffered from the strong nonlinearity in the past tens of years. Here, we propose a B-integral managing strategy for manipulating the nonlinear effects by employing discrete single-crystal fiber (SCF) configuration, enabling direct amplification of 2-µm femtosecond pulses at high repetition rates without additional pulse picking, stretching and compression. The system delivers > 56 W average power at 75.45 MHz with extremely high extraction efficiency (> 55%) and near diffraction-limited beam quality (M2 < 1.2). The dynamic evolution of the optical spectra and temporal properties in power amplifier reveals that detrimental nonlinear effects are largely suppressed due to the low accumulated nonlinear phase shift in the discrete SCF layout. This straightforward, compact and relatively simple for realization approach is expected to open a new route to the amplification of 2-µm ultrashort pulses at MHz and kHz repetition rates towards high average/peak powers, and thus exciting future prospects for the applications in the modern nonlinear photonic regimes.
Adjunct linezolid in patients with tuberculous meningitis for mortality or neurological disability prevention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lino Gabriel Moreira , Galvão Pauliana Valéria Machado , Magalhães Jurandy Júnior Ferraz , Conrado George Alessandro Maranhão
Published: September 2024

Background
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of linezolid as an adjunct to the current tuberculous meningitis standard of care in preventing death and neurological disability.
Methods
The MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched until 5 January 2024. We included randomized controlled trials in individuals with clinically diagnosed tuberculous meningitis comparing adjunct linezolid to standard treatment alone. We synthesized results using an inverse-variance random-effects meta-analysis, reporting the probability of treatment benefit with a Bayesian hierarchical normal-normal model.
Results
Three trials were included. There was a risk reduction in mortality (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.97; 3 RCTs, n = 87 patients; moderate certainty evidence). The probability of a clinically relevant benefit (RR < 0.9) was 93.95%, and 74.86% for a large prevention in mortality (RR < 0.5). The probability of harm is less than 2.5% (RR > 1.1). However, the effect on neurological disability was uncertain (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.28; 2 RCTs, n = 64 patients; very low certainty evidence).
Conclusions
Linezolid shows considerable promise in reducing mortality in patients with tuberculous meningitis, one of the most severe and challenging central nervous system infections. Larger-scale trials should elucidate its effect on neurological disability and optimize dosing strategies.
Stock Assessment of Indo-Pacific king mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus) using CMSY data poor method in the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Ahmadreza , kaymaram farhad , Salarpouri Ali , Doustdar Mastoureh
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for investigating the catch trend. However, it is currently difficult to provide scientific advice for management purposes using only catch data. This article presents a data poor method for stock assessment of Scomberomorus guttatus by collecting catch data in the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea. In this study, CMSY method was used to determine the biological reference points (BRPs) of Indo-Pacific king mackerel in the study area. Catch data was collected from 1997-2022 in the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea. The average catch of the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea was 5750 tons in the studied period. The average (minimum -maximum) of carrying capacity (K), maximum sustainable yield (MSY), the biomass of maximum sustainable yield (Bmsy), current biomass (B) and Fishing mortality of maximum sustainable yield (Fmsy) were obtained by the Catch- maximum sustainable yield (CMSY) method. F/FMSY was estimated 0.69 in the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea. The KOBE plot indicates that based on the CMSY model results, Indo-Pacific king mackerel is currently not overfished (B2022/BMSY=1.35) and is not subject to overfishing (F2022/FMSY = 0.69) in the Iranian southern waters.
A scoping survey of ChatGPT in mathematics education
Authors: Pepin Birgit , Buchholtz Nils , Salinas-Fernandez Ulises
Published: September 2024

This initial article of the Special Issue on Chat GPT in mathematics education is in two parts: (1) a report on a scoping review study that provides the background to the articles in the Special Issue; and (2) the editorial that affords a glance at the seven articles of the Special Issue.
Improving the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4 cathode materials via coating NiO
Authors: Qin Hao , Shao Zhongcai , Li Xuetian , Dai Shihang , Yang Qingchun , Liu Zhijiang
Published: September 2024

Abstrct
LiMn2O4 cathode material is considered a highly promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its low cost and excellent safety performance. However, it suffers from rapid capacity decay, significantly impacting the practical application of LiMn2O4 cathode material. Therefore, enhancing the cycling performance of LiMn2O4 is a focal point in current research. In this study, LiMn2O4 was coated with various amounts of NiO using the chemical precipitation method. Analysis through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy confirmed LiMn2O4 was coating modification with NiO. Electrode charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance tests revealed that LiMn2O4 coated with the amount of NiO was 1.5% exhibited the optimal cycling performance. Specifically, the initial discharge capacity of LiMn2O4 coated with 1.5% NiO reached 116.8 mAh·g-1 at 0.2C, with a capacity retention of 91.8% after 100 cycles at 2C, in comparison to only 74.9% for pristine LiMn2O4. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to the oxides impeding the reaction between the electrolyte and the electrodes, thereby enhancing the stability of LiMn2O4 during high-current charging and discharging.
Keywords
LiMn2O4; NiO; Coating; Electrochemical performance.
Biomarkers of Catalase, Glutathione S-transferase, and Ethoxyresorufin-O- deethylase in Echinometra mathaei exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the northern Persian Gulf
Authors: Badri Setareh , Jamili Shahla , Riazi Gholamhossein , Moradi Ali Mashinchian
Published: September 2024

The Persian Gulf is a semi-enclosed sea with unique ecological conditions, where the average level of oil pollution exceeds the minimum optimum level established for the global marine environment. Echinoderms are among the most significant marine phyla in this ecosystem, particularly because their bottom-dwelling lifestyle exposes them more to sediment pollution. Numerous biomarkers can effectively indicate the adverse effects of chemical pollutants in the environment. This study investigated the responses of Catalase, Glutathione S-transferase (GST), and Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) enzymes in Echinometra mathaei specimens collected from the northern Persian Gulf. Sampling was conducted at several locations, including T-wharf Khark, north Khark, Nai-Band, Shirino, Owli, and Shoghab Beach of Bushehr. Enzyme levels were measured during both cold and warm seasons. The maximum and minimum Catalase activity among all stations and seasons were recorded in Shirino (1.95 µmol/min/mg protein) and Bushehr (0.98 µmol/min/mg protein), respectively. The highest and lowest levels of Glutathione-S-Transferase activity were observed at Khark T-wharf (9.30 nmol/min/mg protein) and Nai-Band (6.63 nmol/min/mg protein), respectively. Maximum EROD activity was measured at Khark T-wharf (0.04 µmol/min/mg protein), while the minimum was found in Bushehr (0.002 µmol/min/mg protein). Overall, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed regarding the relationship between enzyme activities and the presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different seasons. These results suggest that the sea urchins in the Persian Gulf may possess a distinct immune system or have adapted to the pollution levels prevalent in this area.
Thermodynamic Scaling of Supersonic Retropropulsion Flowfields
Authors: Jennis Elliot , Williams Owen , Jones Lauren
Published: September 2024

The influences of gas composition and temperature on supersonic retropropulsion (SRP) flowfields are experimentally explored. It is revealed that the standoff distance of the bow shock produced by SRP can be scaled to account for changes in thrust, mass flow rate, forebody size, gas composition and temperature within the high-thrust, steady flow regime. These parameters were systematically varied for Mach 2 and 3 heated jets at zero angle of attack, employing nitrogen, helium and argon within a Mach 2 nitrogen or carbon dioxide freestream. Comparisons are also made with higher freestream Mach number data from the literature for similar geometries The momentum ratio is shown to successfully account for changes in gas composition and temperature. Similarly, the mass flow rate ratio can account for these variables, down to a function of Mach numbers when multiplied by functions of gas molecular weight, temperature, and ratio of specific heats derived from mass conservation control volume analysis. Despite the remarkable collapse of shock standoff data, some scatter might be expected at low thrust conditions as the bow shock transitions between one fully dominated by the freestream and forebody geometry to one dominated by the jet exhaust. Shock radius was seen to be more variable at lower thrust levels, potentially indicative of this effect. This work will greatly aid the extrapolation of SRP between experiments, simulations and flight conditions.
Electrocatalyst for Ethanol Oxidation Reaction Based on Isatin-modified Chitosan
Authors: Paixão Brenda Antunes Louriçal , Sá Nathalia Biazotto , Encarnação Jardel Ramos , Batista Joel dos Santos , Laier Letícia Oliveira , Neiva Eduardo Guilherme Cividini , Souza Elson Almeida , Melo Rodrigo Siqueira , Novato Willian Tássio Gomes , Bellettini Ismael Casagrande , Cruz José Wimo , Maia Paulo José Sousa
Published: September 2024

Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells (DEFCs) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential for producing clean and renewable energy. DEFCs are particularly appealing because of their low toxicity and high current density. This study aims to investigate the catalytic activity of an isatin-modified chitosan Schiff-base in ethanol electrooxidation for possible applications in DEFCs. This study utilizes density functional theory calculations and experimental results to analyze the relative stability, through Gibbs free energy, between two protonated models of an isatin-modified chitosan Schiff-base. The synthesized isatin-modified chitosan Schiff base was structurally characterized through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared vibrational spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Morphological aspects of the compound, such as formation and structure, were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. In electrocatalytic evaluation experiments, the carbon paste electrode with isatin-modified chitosan (5%-CPE) demonstrated efficiency in oxidizing ethanol, especially at pH 3. At this pH, protonation of hydroxyl and amino groups present in chitosan favored ethanol oxidation. Current density increased proportionally to ethanol concentration. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy pointed to a capacitive behavior of the sensor, indicated by high values of electrical double layer capacitance. Our results offer new insights into the isatin-modified chitosan Schiff base (CIS), indicating its potential as an electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation. This material shows promise for use in direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs), providing a more sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional platinum catalysts.
Design, synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation of Benzimidazole derivatives with potent HDAC inhibitory activity
Authors: Ping Jiantao , Chu Hongrui , Zhao Yisheng , Chen Chen
Published: September 2024

This study aims to design and synthesize novel benzimidazole HDAC inhibitors to explore their potential applications in the treatment of cancer and other related diseases. By comparing the structures of our reported benzimidazole HDAC inhibitors, we designed a series of compounds accordingly. We then used experimentally verified their inhibitory activity against HDAC enzymes. The results showed that several of the newly synthesized compounds showed good HDAC inhibition and anti-proliferative activity. Therefore, we conclude that these novel HDAC inhibitors have potential as drug candidates for the treatment of cancer.
Dog ownership during adolescence alters the microbiota and improves mental health
Authors: Kikusui Takefumi , Miyauchi Eiji , Yamaoka Miku , Kamimura Itsuka , Mizuta Mami , Takenaka Miya , Akiyama Uruma , Kawasumi Masami , Sasaki Nobuo , Ohno Hiroshi , Ando Shuntaro , Yamasaki Syudo , Nishida Atsushi , Mogi Kazutaka , Nagasawa Miho
Published: September 2024

Adolescents who own dogs have higher well-being than those who do not; however, it is unclear how dog ownership affects adolescents’ well-being. As dog ownership influences the composition of the microbiota in the home environment, we examined the microbiome of dog-owning adolescents and analyzed associations with mental health and behavior. Our findings reveal that dog ownership led to changes in participants’ social behavior and some commensals were associated with adolescents' psychological scores. Mice treated with the microbiota of dog-owning adolescents showed higher social interactions. An association analysis was conducted between the adolescents' psychological scores and the mouse behavior with the abundance of each amplicon sequence variant of the microbiome (ASV), and we found that ASVs belonging to Streptococcus were similarly associated with the social approach in both adolescents and ex-germ-free mice. These results suggest that the microbiota may be partly involved in improving the well-being of adolescents living with dogs.
Atlantic overturning collapses in global warming projections after 2100
Authors: Drijfhout Sybren , Angevaare Joran , Mecking Jennifer , Rahmstorf Stefan
Published: September 2024

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) strongly influences climate, particularly (but not exclusively) around the northern Atlantic, and its instabilities explain some of the largest abrupt regional climate shifts in Earth history1. For several decades, the risk of a collapse of this crucial circulation system in response to anthropogenic global warming has been discussed as a ‘low probability – high impact’ risk of our greenhouse gas emissions. Multiple lines of evidence have shown that this circulation is slowing down and may be at its weakest since at least a millennium2, and several studies have identified early warning signals in observations of an approaching tipping point3-6. Here we show, by analysing standard global warming simulations extended beyond the year 2100, that the circulation collapses in all IPCC-class climate models in the high emission scenarios and even in some moderate and low scenarios, despite the neglect of increasing Greenland meltwater influx. In most cases the collapse is initiated by a breakdown of deep convection already early in this century. We conclude that a collapse of the AMOC cannot be considered a low-probability event anymore.
Clinical Outcomes of Circumcisions and Prevalence of Complications of Male Circumcisions: A Five-Year Retrospective Analysis at a Teaching Hospital in Ghana
Authors: OBENG FRANK , BOAKYE SYLVESTER APPIAH
Published: September 2024

Background: Male circumcision surgery is increasing in popularity due to its medical benefits, including reducing the prevalence of HIV. It is commonly performed by both health and nonhealth professionals, with most circumcisions occurring during the neonatal period. Studies suggest that the benefits outweigh the risks, although complications can occur. This study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of circumcisions and the prevalence of circumcision mishaps in the Volta region of Ghana.
Aim: To determine the clinical outcomes of circumcision and estimate the prevalence of circumcision disasters within the Volta region.
Methodology: A five-year retrospective descriptive and analytic study was conducted at Ho Teaching Hospital using a structured data extraction sheet to collect demographic, clinical, and circumcision-related data from 186 patients.
Results: Among 186 circumcision patients, 23 (12.37%) experienced complications, the most common of which were partial circumcision (43.48%), postcircumcision bleeding (21.74%), and urethrocutaneous fistula and/or wrongfully described congenital hypospadias (13.04%). Low hemoglobin levels and infections were also noted. A significant relationship was found between the presence of a circumcision provider and complication rate (chi-square = 16.975, p = 0.00). Doctors who performed circumcision had the lowest complication rate (4.3%), while nurses and traditional circumcisers had higher complication rates (39.1% and 34.8%, respectively). Circumcision-Revision surgery was the most common salvage surgery for circumcision mishaps (31.82%), with urethroplasty and hypospadias repair (for wronfully circumcised neonates born with hypospadias) accounting for 15.91%. Meatoplasties, glansoplasties, fistulectomy plus primary repair and chordae-release surgeries were also performed. The success rate for salvage surgeries (on first attempt) was 70%. Prompt initial management strategies were significantly associated with good outcomes.
Conclusion: In less-trained hands, circumcision can be catastrophic. Salvage surgeries for circumcision mishaps are associated with less favorable outcomes in up to one-third of the patients, suggesting that circumcision mishaps are better prevented than cured/salvaged mishaps are. Training, guidance and policy interventions are needed to reduce the incidence of circumcision-related mishaps. Public health campaigns to disuade nonsurgeon circumcisors to refrain from circumcising children with hypospadias but rather refer to them are urgently needed.