bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Membrane Interactions and Uncoating of Aichi Virus, a Picornavirus That Lacks a VP4
Authors: Kelly James T. , Swanson Jessica , Newman Joseph , Groppelli Elisabetta , Stonehouse Nicola J. , Tuthill Tobias J.
Published: March 2022

To initiate infection, viruses must enter a host cell and deliver their genome into the appropriate location. The picornavirus family of small nonenveloped RNA viruses includes significant human and animal pathogens and is also a model to understand the process of cell entry.
Draft Genome Sequence of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris Strain AGRTWHS02, Isolated from Pasture Soil of a Sheep Dairy Farm in New Zealand
Authors: Gupta Tanushree B. , Risson Alexis N. , Brightwell Gale , Maclean Paul , Jauregui Ruy
Published: March 2022

Thermoactinomyce
s species are heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria that are capable of producing proteases. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a new
Thermoactinomyces vulgaris
strain, AGRTWHS02, with a strong proteolytic activity, which was isolated from a sheep dairy farm environment in New Zealand. The genome is 2.56 Mbp, with a GC content of 47.9%.
Microbial Diversity Analysis of
Bupleurum latissimum
Nakai from Ulleung-Do of South Korea Using Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Han Kyeung Min , Choi Mi Na , Pi Jung Hun , Kim Sea Hyun , Kim Yeong Su , Na Chae Sun
Published: March 2022

Bupleurum latissimum
Nakai is a rare endemic species native to Ulleung-do in South Korea. This study aimed to report on the rhizosphere soil microbial diversity of
B. latissimum
.
Proteobacteria
,
Actinobacteria
, and
Verrucomicrobia
were identified in relative abundances of 27.77%, 21.70%, and 15.27%, respectively.
Rapid Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Using MALDI-TOF MS and Machine Learning from over 20,000 Clinical Isolates
Authors: Yu Jiaxin , Tien Ni , Liu Yu-Ching , Cho Der-Yang , Chen Jia-Wen , Tsai Yin-Tai , Huang Yu-Chen , Chao Huei-Jen , Chen Chao-Jung
Published: March 2022

Over 20,000 clinical MSSA and MRSA isolates were collected to build a machine learning (ML) model to identify MSSA/MRSA and their markers. This model was tested across four external clinical sites to ensure the model’s usability.
Diagnostic Performance of Six Rapid Antigen Tests for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Navero-Castillejos Jessica , Casals-Pascual Climent , Narváez Sofía , Cuesta Genoveva , Hurtado Juan Carlos , Fernandez Mariana , Navarro Mireia , Peiró-Mestres Aida , Lasheras Ma Victoria , Rodriguez Patricia , Pulgarín Andrea , Marcos Ma Ángeles , Vila Jordi , Martínez Miguel Julián
Published: March 2022

The rapid detection of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 is essential for a correct and effective control of the disease it causes. This process must be sensitive, fast, and simple, and it must be possible to carry out in any type of health center.
Direct Attachment with Erythrocytes Augments Extracellular Growth of Pathogenic Mycobacteria
Authors: Nishiuchi Yukiko , Tateishi Yoshitaka , Hirano Hiroshi , Ozeki Yuriko , Yamaguchi Takehiro , Miki Mari , Kitada Seigo , Maruyama Fumito , Matsumoto Sohkichi
Published: March 2022

Pathogenic mycobacteria, such as
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
,
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
hominissuis
(MAH), and
Mycobacterium intracellulare
, cause pulmonary infections as intracellular parasites of lung macrophages and epithelial cells. Here, using histopathological examinations we found that MAH and
M. intracellulare
colocalized with erythrocytes in lung infection sites.
Provenance and metamorphic records of forearc sediments from the Heilongjiang Complex, NE China: Implications for subduction erosion associated with the Mudanjiang Ocean
Authors: Jing Jiahao , Yang Hao , Ge Wenchun , Ji Zheng , Zhang Yanlong , Dong Yu , Lan Lixue , Bi Junhui , Zhou Hongying
Published: March 2022

Subduction erosion is widely thought to play a significant role in crustal recycling at modern convergent plate margins. However, identifying subduction erosion in fossil accretionary margins is difficult due to multiple episodes of tectonic superimposition and an absence of direct geophysical evidence. By assessing provenance and metamorphic records in this study, we are the first to document the record of subduction erosion in Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic meta-sedimentary rocks from the Luobei Heilongjiang Complex, NE China. Most detrital zircons from four meta-sedimentary samples have typical core-rim textures. Approximately 90% of the detrital zircon cores yielded Phanerozoic ages with εHf(t) values of +12.8 to −17.6. Geochronological and isotopic comparisons indicate that the meta-sedimentary rocks have a provenance in the eastern Songnen Block and were deposited in a forearc basin. The youngest ages of detrital zircon cores span from 229 to 176 Ma, while the metamorphic ages obtained from detrital zircon rims range from 209 to 185 Ma. Combined with the 186−165 Ma phengite 40Ar-39Ar ages of the meta-sedimentary rocks, this suggests that their protoliths were deposited during the Late Triassic−Middle Jurassic. Mineral inclusions define peak blueschist-facies metamorphism at pressure-temperature conditions of 0.9−1.0 GPa and 359−365 °C; this indicates that forearc sediment from the overriding plate was abraded into the subduction channel and underwent high-pressure metamorphism. Metamorphic ages (209−165 Ma) obtained from phengite and detrital zircon rims suggest that a period of subduction erosion occurred during slab subduction. These results reveal rapid progression from early forearc sedimentation (229−165 Ma) to subduction erosion (209−165 Ma) during westward subduction of the Mudanjiang Ocean.
A shallow-water depositional interpretation for the upper Miocene Chagres Formation (Caribbean coast of Panama)
Authors: Stiles Elena , Montes Camilo , Jaramillo Carlos , Gingras Murray K.
Published: March 2022

The upper Miocene Chagres Formation, cropping out along the Caribbean coast of Panama, has been previously interpreted as the record of the last deep-water connection between the Caribbean and Pacific oceans based on bodyfossil paleodepth estimates. We test this interpretation by presenting an integrated ichnological and sedimentological analysis on eight coastal localities of the Chagres Formation (Toro Limestone and Chagres Sandstone members). The Toro Limestone Member accumulated under fully marine conditions in a mixed carbonate and siliciclastic marine shelf above storm wave base. Fluctuating high-moderate energy conditions modulated by a combination of tides and high energy currents likely led to the sparse bioturbation of Toro Limestone sediments, corresponding to an archetypal Cruziana ichnofacies assemblage. Bioturbation, dominated by Thalassinoides and Ophiomorpha isp., increases in the overlying Chagres Sandstone Member and corresponds to a proximal expression of the Cruziana ichnofacies. The Chagres Sandstone Member was deposited within the lower shoreface-upper offshore transition zone in a shelf with low sedimentation rates under combined storm, wave, and tidal influence, and includes fossils and sediments of continental origin suggesting proximity to a river mouth. Our results suggest that the Chagres Formation accumulated in shallow waters, contrasting with a previously proposed deep-water accumulation, and are consistent with deposition on a tectonically stable platform of the northern Canal Basin at the apex of the Panama orocline.
E/I-corrected inclination shallowing in Cenozoic redbeds from the northern Tarim Basin, NW China: Possible causes and paleogeographic implications
Authors: Zhang Zhiliang , Shen Bai , Sun Jimin , Ren Zhikun
Published: March 2022

Because of their widespread occurrence and ability to carry stable remanence, continental redbeds in central Asia are frequently used in paleomagnetic studies. However, the paleomagnetic inclinations recorded by redbeds are much shallower than the expected values, as redbeds are usually subjected to inclination shallowing. To recognize and correct the inclinations recorded by the Cenozoic redbeds, the paleomagnetic data that were used for magnetostratigraphic studies in the Kuqa Depression, northern Tarim Basin, are reanalyzed in this study. The mean inclinations of the four groups of samples (Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene) are systematically ~20° shallower than the expected values calculated from the apparent polar wander paths (APWPs) of Eurasia, indicating the presence of inclination shallowing. We apply the elongation/inclination (E/I) method to correct the inclination shallowing. The mean inclinations of the Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene sediments are corrected from 40.5° to 63.1°, 41.0° to 63.8°, 42.0° to 63.8°, and 44.7° to 63.2°, within 95% confidence limits between 55.1° and 71.6°, 53.7° and 70.4°, 51.5° and 72.7°, and 52.2° and 71.3°, respectively, which are indistinguishable from the expected inclination values. Our results suggest that inclination shallowing in the redbeds of central Asia can be reasonably corrected using the E/I method, and sedimentary processes such as compaction and/or imbrication in the very early stage of burial are important causes for inclination shallowing. Paleolatitudes calculated from the E/I-corrected inclinations show that the Tarim Basin should have reached or been at least close to its current latitude since the Cretaceous. The Cenozoic crustal shortening estimate of the northern Tarim Basin is not detectible for paleomagnetic study.
LVD—Multipurpose Russian–Italian Detector
Authors: Agafonova N. Yu. , Ryazhskaya O. G. ,   LVD Collaboration
Published: March 2022

Selected results from the multipurpose Large Volume Detector (LVD) are presented. Investigations at the LVD setup are being performed according to the program of continuous searches for neutrinos from supernova explosions in the Milky Way Galaxy and muon- and neutron-physics programs. At the present time, the LVD setup is the largest scintillation detector, which possesses a unique potential for studies in the realms of underground physics.
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Wu Vernon , Lopez Carlos A , Hines Adam M , Barrientos Jacqueline C
Published: March 2022

The development of vaccinations has been instrumental in the ongoing effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the benefits of vaccination are unquestionable, there have been reports of potentially rare life-threatening complications following vaccination including thrombocytopaenia, haemolytic anaemia, vasculitis and myocarditis. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare but life-threatening inflammatory condition, has also been described postadenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccination but it has never been reported post-messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination. We report two cases of HLH admitted to our hospital after administration of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. We also searched the vaccine adverse event reporting system and found 50 reports of suspected HLH following COVID-19 vaccination. Presently, we cannot define a causality between COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and HLH development. However, we hope the reporting of our two cases (and additional cases seen in the adverse event reporting database) will help us determine whether there is a potential relationship. Prompt recognition of this condition is of utmost importance to initiate life-saving therapy.
Transient neonatal hypocalcaemia caused by maternal hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Gonçalves Joana S , Queiró Luisa Carrington , Soares Joana , Correia Cátia R
Published: March 2022

Hypocalcaemia in neonates can range from asymptomatic to a potentially life-threatening condition. We present a case of a 36 weeks gestational age boy, admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit for jitteriness, mild hypotonia and breastfeeding difficulties. By the ninth day of life, he presented with late-onset hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, low 25-OH-vitamin D and inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone. Further investigation revealed maternal hypercalcaemia with high parathyroid hormone. Maternal asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed and admitted as the cause of neonatal hypocalcaemia. There was a clinical improvement and calcium levels stabilisation after treatment with calcium gluconate and vitamin D3. This case highlights the importance of careful evaluation of neonatal late-onset hypocalcaemia in uncovering asymptomatic maternal hyperparathyroidism.
Assessing the magnitude of reporting bias in trials of homeopathy: a cross-sectional study and meta-analysis
Authors: Gartlehner Gerald , Emprechtinger Robert , Hackl Marlene , Jutz Franziska L , Gartlehner Jacob E , Nonninger Julian N , Klerings Irma , Dobrescu Andreea Iulia
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To assess the magnitude of reporting bias in trials assessing homeopathic treatments and its impact on evidence syntheses.

Design

A cross-sectional study and meta-analysis. Two persons independently searched Clinicaltrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform up to April 2019 to identify registered homeopathy trials. To determine whether registered trials were published and to detect published but unregistered trials, two persons independently searched PubMed, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Embase and Google Scholar up to April 2021. For meta-analyses, we used random effects models to determine the impact of unregistered studies on meta-analytic results.

Main outcomes and measures

We report the proportion of registered but unpublished trials and the proportion of published but unregistered trials. We also assessed whether primary outcomes were consistent between registration and publication. For meta-analyses, we used standardised mean differences (SMDs).

Results

Since 2002, almost 38% of registered homeopathy trials have remained unpublished, and 50% of published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have not been registered. Retrospective registration was more common than prospective registration. Furthermore, 25% of primary outcomes were altered or changed compared with the registry. Although we could detect a statistically significant trend toward an increase of registrations of homeopathy trials (p=0.001), almost 30% of RCTs published during the past 5 years had not been registered.

A meta-analysis stratified by registration status of RCTs revealed substantially larger treatment effects of unregistered RCTs (SMD: −0.53, 95% CI −0.87 to −0.20) than registered RCTs (SMD: −0.14, 95% CI −0.35 to 0.07).

Conclusions

Registration of published trials was infrequent, many registered trials were not published and primary outcomes were often altered or changed. This likely affects the validity of the body of evidence of homeopathic literature and may overestimate the true treatment effect of homeopathic remedies.
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) in children: a single-centre experience from Beijing, China
Authors: Hu Bing , Chen Tian-Ming , Liu Shu-Ping , Hu Hui-Li , Guo Ling-Yun , Chen He-Ying , Li Shao-Ying , Liu Gang
Published: March 2022

Objective

To date, there is no standard diagnostic practice to identify the underlying disease-causing mechanism for paediatric patients suffering from chronic fever without any specific diagnosis, which is one of the leading causes of death in paediatric patients. Therefore, we aimed this retrospective study to analyse medical records of paediatric patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) to provide a preliminary basis for improving the diagnostic categories and facilitate the treatment outcomes.

Design

A retrospective study.

Setting

Beijing Children’s Hospital.

Participants

Clinical data were collected from 1288 children between 1 month and 18 years of age diagnosed with FUO at Beijing Children’s Hospital between January 2010 and December 2017.

Interventions

According to the aetiological composition, age, duration of fever and laboratory examination results, the diagnostic strategies were analysed and formulated.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS V.24.0 platform along with the χ2test and analysis of variance (p<0.05).

Results

The duration of fever ranged from 2 weeks to 2 years, with an average of 6 weeks. There were 656 cases (50.9%) of infectious diseases, 63 cases (4.9%) of non-infectious inflammatory diseases (NIIDs), 86 cases (6.7%) of neoplastic diseases, 343 cases (26.6%) caused by miscellaneous diseases and 140 cases (10.9%) were undiagnosed. With increasing age, the proportion of FUO from infectious diseases gradually decreased from 73.53% to 44.21%. NIID was more common in children over 3 years old, and neoplastic diseases mainly occurred from 1 to 6 years of age. Among miscellaneous diseases, the age distribution was mainly in school-aged children over 6 years. Respiratory tract infection was the most common cause of FUO in children, followed by bloodstream infections. Bacterial infection was the most common cause in children with less than 1 year old, while the virus was the main pathogen in children over 1 year old.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of neoplastic diseases and miscellaneous diseases-related diseases still depends mainly on invasive examination. According to our clinical experience, the diagnostic process was formulated based on fever duration and the type of disease. This process can provide a guide for the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric FUO in the future.
Dose–response relationship between body mass index and tuberculosis in China: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Chen Jinou , Zha Shun , Hou Jinglong , Lu Kunyun , Qiu Yubing , Yang Rui , Li Ling , Yang Yunbin , Xu Lin
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to describe and quantify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and tuberculosis (TB) incidence.

Design

A population-based prospective cohort study.

Setting

Ten randomly selected communities in the southwestern mountainous region of China.

Participants

Participants who had resided in study sites before screening for at least 6 months were eligible. Those who refused to participate or were temporary residents (who resided less than 6 months during three waves of screening) were excluded. The present research included 26 022 participants aged over 15 years for analyses.

Interventions

The cohort study conducted three rounds of TB screening from 2013 to 2015. Face-to-face surveys for participants were carried out. TB symptoms positivity suspects underwent chest X-ray and sputum smear test for diagnosis.

Primary outcome measures

The study outcome was the diagnosed active TB in the second and third rounds of screening.

Results

During the follow-up of 2.25 years, 43 cases developed TB in 44 574.4 person-years. The negative log-linear relationship between BMI and TB incidence was fitted (adjustedR2=0.76). Overweight or obese was associated with a lower risk of TB compared with normal weight (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.34, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.82). The inverse log-linear associations between continuous BMI and individual TB risk were evaluated. In subgroup analysis, the risk of TB reduced 78% in overweight or obese women (aHR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.97), and a 64% reduction in the elderly (aHR 0.36, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.00) compared with those with normal weight, respectively.

Conclusions

The study provided evidence for a negative association between BMI and TB development in Chinese adults. It suggests the inverse dose–response relationship between BMI and TB incidence, and implies an optimal cut-off point of BMI for screening strategy.
Monetised estimated quality-adjusted life year (QALY) losses for non-fatal injuries
Authors: Miller Gabrielle F , Florence Curtis , Barnett Sarah Beth , Peterson Cora , Lawrence Bruce A , Miller Ted R
Published: March 2022

Background

Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) provide a means to compare injuries using a common measurement which allows quality of life and duration of life from an injury to be considered. A more comprehensive picture of the economic losses associated with injuries can be found when QALY estimates are combined with medical and work loss costs. This study provides estimates of QALY loss.

Methods

QALY loss estimates were assigned to records in the 2018 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - All Injury Program. QALY estimates by body region and nature of injury were assigned using a combination of previous research methods. Injuries were rated on six dimensions, which identify a set of discrete qualitative impairments. Additionally, a seventh dimension, work-related disability, was included. QALY loss estimates were produced by intent and mechanism, for all emergency department-treated cases, by two disposition groups.

Results

Lifetime QALY losses ranged from 0.0004 to 0.388 for treated and released injuries, and from 0.031 to 3.905 for hospitalised injuries. The 1-year monetary value of QALY losses ranged from $136 to $437 000 among both treated and released and hospitalised injuries. The lifetime monetary value of QALY losses for hospitalised injuries ranged from $16 000 to $2.1 million.

Conclusions

These estimates provide information to improve knowledge about the comprehensive economic burden of injuries; direct cost elements that can be measured through financial transactions do not capture the full cost of an injury. Comprehensive assessment of the long-term cost of injuries, including quality of life losses, is critical to accurately estimate the economic burden of injuries.
Oncolytic Orf virus licenses NK cells via cDC1 to activate innate and adaptive antitumor mechanisms and extends survival in a murine model of late-stage ovarian cancer
Authors: van Vloten Jacob P , Matuszewska Kathy , Minow Mark A A , Minott Jessica A , Santry Lisa A , Pereira Madison , Stegelmeier Ashley A , McAusland Thomas M , Klafuric Elaine M , Karimi Khalil , Colasanti Joseph , McFadden D Grant , Petrik James J , Bridle Byram W , Wootton Sarah K
Published: March 2022

Background

Novel therapies are needed to improve outcomes for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Oncolytic viruses are multifunctional immunotherapeutic biologics that preferentially infect cancer cells and stimulate inflammation with the potential to generate antitumor immunity. Herein we describeParapoxvirus ovis(Orf virus (OrfV)), an oncolytic poxvirus, as a viral immunotherapy for ovarian cancer.

Methods

The immunotherapeutic potential of OrfV was tested in the ID8 orthotopic mouse model of end-stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Immune cell profiling, impact on secondary lesion development and survival were evaluated in OrfV-treated mice as well as in Batf3 knockout, mice depleted of specific immune cell subsets and in mice where the primary tumor was removed. Finally, we interrogated gene expression datasets from primary human ovarian tumors from the International Cancer Genome Consortium database to determine whether the interplay we observed between natural killer (NK) cells, classical type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) and T cells exists and influences outcomes in human ovarian cancer.

Results

OrfV was an effective monotherapy in a murine model of advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. OrfV intervention relied on NK cells, which when depleted abrogated antitumor CD8+T-cell responses. OrfV therapy was shown to require cDC1s in experiments with BATF3 knockout mice, which do not have mature cDC1s. Furthermore, cDC1s governed antitumor NK and T-cell responses to mediate antitumor efficacy following OrfV. Primary tumor removal, a common treatment option in human patients, was effectively combined with OrfV for optimal therapeutic outcome. Analysis of human RNA sequencing datasets revealed that cDC1s correlate with NK cells in human ovarian cancer and that intratumoral NK cells correlate positively with survival.

Conclusions

The data herein support the translational potential of OrfV as an NK stimulating immunotherapeutic for the treatment of advanced-stage ovarian cancer.
Use of machine learning in osteoarthritis research: a systematic literature review
Authors: Binvignat Marie , Pedoia Valentina , Butte Atul J , Louati Karine , Klatzmann David , Berenbaum Francis , Mariotti-Ferrandiz Encarnita , Sellam Jérémie
Published: March 2022

Objective

The aim of this systematic literature review was to provide a comprehensive and exhaustive overview of the use of machine learning (ML) in the clinical care of osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed in July 2021 using MEDLINE PubMed with key words and MeSH terms. For each selected article, the number of patients, ML algorithms used, type of data analysed, validation methods and data availability were collected.

Results

From 1148 screened articles, 46 were selected and analysed; most were published after 2017. Twelve articles were related to diagnosis, 7 to prediction, 4 to phenotyping, 12 to severity and 11 to progression. The number of patients included ranged from 18 to 5749. Overall, 35% of the articles described the use of deep learning And 74% imaging analyses. A total of 85% of the articles involved knee OA and 15% hip OA. No study investigated hand OA. Most of the studies involved the same cohort, with data from the OA initiative described in 46% of the articles and the MOST and Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee cohorts in 11% and 7%. Data and source codes were described as publicly available respectively in 54% and 22% of the articles. External validation was provided in only 7% of the articles.

Conclusion

This review proposes an up-to-date overview of ML approaches used in clinical OA research and will help to enhance its application in this field.
Comparative study of granulomatosis with polyangiitis subsets according to ANCA status: data from the French Vasculitis Study Group Registry
Authors: Puéchal Xavier , Iudici Michele , Pagnoux Christian , Cohen Pascal , Hamidou Mohamed , Aouba Achille , Lifermann François , Ruivard Marc , Aumaître Olivier , Bonnotte Bernard , Maurier Francois , Le Gallou Thomas , Hachulla Eric , Karras Alexandre , Khouatra Chahéra , Jourde-Chiche Noémie , Viallard Jean-François , Blanchard-Delaunay Claire , Godmer Pascal , Le Quellec Alain , Quéméneur Thomas , de Moreuil Claire , Mouthon Luc , Terrier Benjamin , Guillevin Loïc
Published: March 2022

Objective

To investigate whether antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-negative and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA–positive granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) differ from proteinase-3 (PR3)-ANCA–positive GPA.

Methods

Diagnostic characteristics and outcomes of newly diagnosed French Vasculitis Study Group Registry patients with ANCA-negative, MPO-ANCA–positive or PR3-ANCA–positive GPA satisfying American College of Rheumatology criteria and/or Chapel Hill Conference Consensus Nomenclature were compared.

Results

Among 727 GPA, 62 (8.5%) were ANCA-negative, 119 (16.4%) MPO-ANCA–positive and 546 (75.1%) PR3-ANCA–positive. ANCA-negative patients had significantly (p<0.05) more limited disease (17.7% vs 5.8%) and less kidney involvement (35.5% vs 58.9%) than those PR3-ANCA–positive or MPO-ANCA–positive, with comparable relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). MPO-ANCA–positive versus PR3-ANCA–positive and ANCA-negative patients were significantly more often female (52.9% vs 42.1%), older (59.8 vs 51.9 years), with more frequent kidney involvement (65.5% vs 55.2%) and less arthralgias (34.5% vs 55.1%), purpura (8.4% vs 17.1%) or eye involvement (18.5% vs 28.4%); RFS was similar but OS was lower before age adjustment. PR3-positive patients’ RFS was significantly lower than for ANCA-negative and MPO-positive groups combined, with OS higher before age adjustment. PR3-ANCA–positivity independently predicted relapse for all GPA forms combined but not when comparing only PR3-ANCA–positive versus MPO-ANCA–positive patients.

Conclusions

Based on this large cohort, ANCA-negative versus ANCA-positive patients more frequently had limited disease but similar RFS and OS. MPO-ANCA–positive patients had similar RFS but lower OS due to their older age. PR3-ANCA–positive GPA patients’ RFS was lower than those of the two other subsets combined but that difference did not persist when comparing only PR3 versus MPO-ANCA–positive patients.
Sustained and improved guselkumab response in patients with active psoriatic arthritis regardless of baseline demographic and disease characteristics: pooled results through week 52 of two phase III, randomised, placebo-controlled studies
Authors: Ritchlin Christopher T , Mease Philip J , Boehncke Wolf-Henning , Tesser John , Schiopu Elena , Chakravarty Soumya D , Kollmeier Alexa P , Xu Xie L , Shawi May , Jiang Yusang , Sheng Shihong , Wang Yanli , Xu Stephen , Merola Joseph F , McInnes Iain B , Deodhar Atul
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy through 52 weeks of guselkumab, an interleukin 23-p19 subunit inhibitor, in subgroups of pooled psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients from the DISCOVER-1 and DISCOVER-2 trials defined by baseline patient characteristics.

Methods

Adults with active PsA despite standard therapies were enrolled in DISCOVER-1 (≥3 swollen and ≥3 tender joints, C reactive protein (CRP) level ≥0.3 mg/dL) and DISCOVER-2 (≥5 swollen and ≥5 tender joints, CRP ≥0.6 mg/dL, biological-naïve). Randomised patients received 100 mg guselkumab at weeks 0, 4, and then every 4 or 8 weeks (Q4W/Q8W) or placebo. Guselkumab effects on joint (ACR20/50/70), skin (IGA 0/1, IGA 0), patient-reported outcome (Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index/Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue) and disease severity (minimal disease activity/PsA Disease Activity Score low disease activity) endpoints were evaluated by patient sex, body mass index, PsA duration, swollen/tender joint counts, CRP level, percent body surface area with psoriasis, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score, and conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use at baseline.

Results

Baseline patients characteristics in DISCOVER-1 (N=381) and DISCOVER-2 (N=739) were well balanced across randomised groups. At week 24, 62% (232/373) and 60% (225/375), respectively, of guselkumab Q4W-treated and Q8W-treated patients pooled across DISCOVER-1 and DISCOVER-2 achieved the primary endpoint of ACR20 response versus 29% (109/372) of placebo-treated patients. Guselkumab treatment effect at week 24 was observed across patient subgroups. Within each patient subgroup, response rates across all disease domains were sustained or increased at week 52 with both guselkumab regimens.

Conclusions

Guselkumab Q4W and Q8W resulted in robust and sustained improvements in PsA signs and symptoms consistently in subgroups of patients defined by diverse baseline characteristics.

Trial registration numbers

NCT03162796,NCT03158285.
Complexity of static sphere in energy–momentum squared gravity
Authors: Sharif M. , Ahmad Kamran
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we study complexity of a static spherically symmetric object containing anisotropic fluid in the background of energy–momentum squared gravity (EMSG). We formulate the field equations and describe the energy content of the fluid via Misner–Sharp as well as Tolman mass definitions. In order to compute the complexity factor, the Riemann tensor is orthogonally split to produce structure scalars which incorporate the fundamental properties of the system. The scalar involving anisotropic pressure and inhomogeneous energy density is chosen as the complexity factor. We consider a minimally coupled model to formulate the condition for vanishing complexity which is employed to formulate two solutions. It is concluded that additional matter source terms appearing due to energy–momentum squared gravity increase the complexity of the system.
On the geometry of Cayley automatic groups
Authors: Berdinsky Dmitry , Elder Murray , Taback Jennifer
Published: March 2022

In contrast to being automatic, being Cayley automatic a priori has no geometric consequences. Specifically, Cayley graphs of automatic groups enjoy a fellow traveler property. Here, we study a distance function introduced by the first author and Trakuldit which aims to measure how far a Cayley automatic group is from being automatic, in terms of how badly the Cayley graph fails the fellow traveler property. The first author and Trakuldit showed that if it fails by at most a constant amount, then the group is in fact automatic. In this paper, we show that for a large class of non-automatic Cayley automatic groups this function is bounded below by a linear function in a precise sense defined herein. In fact, for all Cayley automatic groups which have super-quadratic Dehn function, or which are not finitely presented, we can construct a non-decreasing function which (1) depends only on the group and (2) bounds from below the distance function for any Cayley automatic structure on the group.
On rings with weak property (A) and their extensions
Authors: Sharma R. K. , Singh Amit B.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we introduce the concept of rings with right (left) weak property (A) which is a generalization of rings with right (left) property (A). A ring [Formula: see text] has right (left) weak property (A) if every finitely generated two-sided ideal [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], there exists nonzero [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. Further, we study various extensions of rings with weak property (A) including matrix rings, polynomial rings and Ore extensions.
On the Lie-solvability of Novikov algebras
Authors: Tulenbaev Kaisar , Umirbaev Ualbai , Zhelyabin Viktor
Published: March 2022

We prove that any Novikov algebra over a field of characteristic [Formula: see text] is Lie-solvable if and only if its commutator ideal [Formula: see text] is right nilpotent. We also construct examples of infinite-dimensional Lie-solvable Novikov algebras [Formula: see text] with non-nilpotent commutator ideal [Formula: see text].
Constructions of entropy and modified Friedmann equations in gravity theories
Authors: Debnath Ujjal
Published: March 2022

The FRW universe is considered a thermodynamical system. We assume that the universe filled in a perfect fluid. So, we obtain apparent horizon radius, surface gravity, and temperature. Using the unified first law as well as the first law of thermodynamics and Friedmann equations, we obtain the entropy-area relation on the apparent horizon in Einstein’s gravity. In Horava–Lifshitz gravity, scalar–tensor gravity, f(R) gravity and f(T) gravity theories, using corresponding Friedmann equations, we obtain the corresponding entropies in integration forms. Next, for a power law, future singularity, and de Sitter expansions, we obtain the general entropy function F(A) in terms of horizon area A on different IR cutoffs like Hubble, apparent, particle, event, (m, n)-type event, conformal age, and Ricci horizons. Moreover, by considering general entropy, we determine the modified Friedmann equations for Horava–Lifshitz gravity, scalar–tensor gravity, f(R) gravity and f(T) gravity theories.
Various regularities for semigroups of transformations on a finite set determined by a zig-zag order
Authors: Prinyasart Thanakorn , Srithus Ratana , Nuntharatkul Jirapa
Published: March 2022

Consider a finite ordered set [Formula: see text] with a zig-zag order. In this paper, we consider the semigroup [Formula: see text] of all compressing-preserving transformations on [Formula: see text]. Necessary and sufficient conditions for [Formula: see text] to be regular and coregular are given. Regular and coregular elements in [Formula: see text] are completely described. For a subsemigroup [Formula: see text] of the transformation semigroup [Formula: see text], we obtain that left regular and right regular elements in [Formula: see text] are identical. A characterization of left [right] regular elements in [Formula: see text] is given. We classify all left [right] regular semigroups [Formula: see text].
Revolving Scanning on Tagged Objects: 3D Structure Detection of Logistics Packages via RFID Systems
Authors: Ning Jingyi , Xie Lei , Wang Chuyu , Bu Yanling , Xiao Fu , Ye Baoliu , Lu Sanglu
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, detecting and evaluating the internal structure of packages becomes a crucial task for logistics systems to guarantee reliability and security. However, prior solutions such as X-ray diffraction and WiFi-based detection are not suitable for this purpose. X-ray-based methods usually require manual analysis or image processing algorithms with high complexity, while WiFi-based solutions may fail to detect complex structures due to the significant error of the RF-signal features. In this article, we propose RF-Detector, a low-cost RFID solution for performing three-dimensional (3D) structure detection of items contained in the packages, including the item orientations and relative locations. We thoroughly investigate a brand-new sensing model for RFID-based 3D structure detection, i.e., revolving scanning. We propose not only the fundamental revolving model but also a novel calibration method for the undesired deployments. We have implemented a prototype system to evaluate the performance of RF-Detector. Extensive evaluations in real settings show the effectiveness of RF-Detector, achieving very high accuracy of the internal 3D structure detection.
Workings of science
Authors: Yaffe Phil
Published: March 2022

People who properly understand and appreciate science seem also to have an unlimited capacity to understand and appreciate most other things in life such as art, music, philosophy, poetry, sports, etc. By contrast, many people who don't properly understand and appreciate science seem to really hate it, even to the point of saying that science is "dehumanizing" and therefore they want nothing to do with it. This essay proposes a possible means of overcoming this unfortunate (and dangerous) misconception by positioning science as if it were an actual human being and then defining its many admirable qualities. It further suggests how the concept of science as a human being might be introduced into the educational system K--12. Not as a subject for study itself, but rather as the indispensable, rock-solid foundation on which the teaching of all other subjects in the curriculum would depend.
The surprising benefits of a pre-first draft
Authors: Yaffe Philip
Published: March 2022

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.

Good expository (non-fiction) writers are good because they have interesting and important things to say. Wrong. Virtually everyone has interesting and important things to say; it's just that we aren't aware of them. Here is a technique to help you find your inner voice.
The 2021 experience of logic in computer science
Authors: Gorla Daniele
Published: March 2022

I would have liked to start this report by saying that the 36th edition of the ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS) took place in Rome, from June 29th to July 2nd, 2021. As general chair of the conference, I tried as hard as possible to have at least a hybrid event since, due to the COVID pandemic, it was clear that a fully-in-presence event was impossible. However, in February 2021, the Steering Committee and I had to give up and turn to a fully-online event (through Zoom), like what happened for LICS 2020 and for all conferences since March 2020 until today.
Improvement on the Identification and Discrimination Ability for Rice of Electronic Tongue Multi-Sensor Array Based on Information Entropy
Authors: Lu Lin , Hu Zhanqiang , Fang Changyun , Hu Xianqiao , Tian Shiyi
Published: March 2022

An approach for improving the identification and discrimination ability of electronic tongue multi-sensor array was developed. The detail signal was obtained by decomposing the original voltammetric signal using wavelet packet decomposition, and the feature value was extracted by Fast Fourier transform in which the influence of collinearity was eliminated. Based on the principle of information entropy, the sensing entropy of single electrode and between electrodes in the multi-sensor array were defined, and the unit sensing vector and interactive sensing vector were constructed. The results showed that 6 unit sensing entropies could be effectively used for the identification of rice origin, and all interactive sensing vectors for the discrimination of rice type. SVM and KNN classifiers were employed. The results showed that the training and prediction accuracy of SVM with interactive sensing vector as the input for identifying rice origin were 89.0% and 82.9% respectively, and that for distinguishing rice type were 96.0% and 88.6% respectively. In conclusion, the SVM model with interactive sensing vector could be an approach to accurately identify rice origin and distinguish rice type. The identification and discrimination ability of multi-sensor array could be enhanced by using the sensing interaction information based on information entropy.
The microRNA-cell surface proteoglycan axis in cancer progression
Authors: Piperigkou Zoi , Tzaferi Kyriaki , Makrokanis George , Cheli Konstantina , Karamanos Nikos K.
Published: March 2022

Proteoglycans consist one of the major extracellular matrix class of biomolecules that demonstrate nodal roles in cancer progression. Modern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches include proteoglycan detection and pharmacological targeting in various cancer types. Proteoglycans orchestrate critical signaling pathways for cancer development and progression through dynamic interactions with matrix components. It is well established that the epigenetic signatures of cancer cells play critical role in guiding their functional properties and metastatic potential. Secreted microRNAs (miRNAs) reside in a complex network with matrix proteoglycans, thus affecting cell-cell and cell-matrix communication. This mini-review aims to highlight current knowledge on the cell-surface proteoglycan-mediated signaling cascades that regulate miRNA biogenesis in cancer. Moreover, the miRNA-mediated proteoglycan regulation during cancer progression and mechanistic aspects on the way that proteoglycans affect miRNA expression are presented. Recent advances on the role of cell surface proteoglycans in exosome biogenesis and miRNA packaging and expression are also discussed.
Express arm responses appear bilaterally on upper-limb muscles in an arm choice reaching task
Authors: Kearsley Sarah L. , Cecala Aaron L. , Kozak Rebecca A. , Corneil Brian D.
Published: March 2022

Express arm responses have been proposed to arise from the tecto-reticulo-spinal tract originating within the superior colliculus, but the involvement of the reticulospinal tract has not been well studied. Here, we show these responses appear bilaterally in a task where either arm can reach to a newly appearing stimulus. Our results suggest that the most rapid visuomotor transformations for reaching are performed by a subcortical pathway.
Diverse modes of binocular interactions in the mouse superior colliculus
Authors: Russell Ashley L. , Dixon Karen G. , Triplett Jason W.
Published: March 2022

The mouse superior colliculus (SC) receives binocular inputs, which inform complex behavioral programs. However, we know surprisingly little about binocular tuning in the rodent SC. Here, we characterize responses to eye-specific presentations of visual stimuli and reveal a previously unappreciated diversity of binocularly modulated neurons in the SC. This foundational work broadens our understanding of visual processing in the SC and sets the stage for future studies interrogating the circuit mechanisms underlying binocular tuning.
Clinical Analysis of Bloodstream Infection of Escherichia coli in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer from 2011 to 2019
Authors: Bai Changsen , Zhang Xiuse , Yang Dong , Li Ding , Feng Honglei , Li Yueguo
Published: March 2022

Background. Pancreatic cancer patients were particularly predisposed to develop Escherichia coli (E. coli) bloodstream infection (BSI); however, little information is currently available. We set out to find E. coli BSI’s risk factors in pancreatic cancer to provide valuable experience. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of pancreatic cancer patients (31 cases with E. coli BSI and 93 cases without BSI) by a case-control study. SPSS 17.0 was adopted to perform univariate and multivariate analyses. Bacterial resistance analysis was performed by Whonet 5.6. Results. Hospitalization days ≥7 days, number of admissions ≥2 times, surgery, chemotherapy, the type of antibiotics used ≥2 species, albumin<40.0 g/L, and prealbumin < 0.2 g/L were the potential risk factors for pancreatic cancer patients with E. coli BSI (

P
<
0.1

). Multivariate logistic regression showed hospitalization days ≥7 days (OR = 11.196, 95% CI = 0.024–0.333,

P
<
0.001

), surgery (OR = 32.053, 95% CI = 0.007–0.137,

P
<
0.001

), and chemotherapy (OR = 6.174, 95% CI = 0.038–0.688,

P
=
0.014

) were the independent risk factors for E. coli BSI of pancreatic cancer patients. E. coli resistant to carbapenems was rare; they were susceptible to cephamycin and piperacillin/tazobactam. The 90-day mortality rate of the infected group was significantly higher than the control group (41.9% versus 8.6%,

P
<
0.001

). Conclusions. Hospitalization days ≥7 days, surgery, and chemotherapy are the independent risk factors for E. coli BSI of pancreatic cancer patients, which allows us to identify patients at potential risk and perform preventive treatment in time.
Datura stramonium Leaf Extract Exhibits Anti‐inflammatory Activity in CCL4‐Induced Hepatic Injury Model by Modulating Oxidative Stress Markers and iNOS/Nrf2 Expression
Authors: Nasir Bakht , Khan Ashraf Ullah , Baig Muhammad Waleed , Althobaiti Yusuf S. , Faheem Muhammad , Haq Ihsan-Ul
Published: March 2022

Background. Inflammation is a frequent phenomenon in the pathogenesis of hepatic disorders leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Phytopharmaceuticals developed from traditional medicine can provide effective therapeutic alternatives to conventional medications. Datura stramonium (DS) has reported traditional uses in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we have tried to validate its potential as a source of anti‐inflammatory agents. Methods. Powdered leaf part of DS was extracted using ethyl acetate (EA) to provide the extract (DSL‐EA). Lymphocyte and macrophage viability and acute toxicity assays established the safety profile, while nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay estimated the in vitro anti‐inflammatory potential. Noninvasive anti‐inflammatory, antidepressant, and antinociceptive activities were monitored using BALB/c mice using low and high doses (150 and 250 mg/kg). Major inflammatory studies were performed on Sprague‐Dawley male rats using CCl4‐induced liver injury model. Disease induction was initiated by intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 (1 mL/kg of 30% CCl4 in olive oil). The rats were divided into six groups. The anti‐inflammatory potential of DSL‐EA in low and high doses (150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively) was assessed through hematological, biochemical, liver antioxidant defense, oxidative stress markers, and histological studies as well as the expression of Nrf2 and iNOS. Results. DSL‐EA exhibited prominent in vitro NO scavenging (IC50: 7.625 ± 0.51 μg/mL) and in vivo anti‐inflammatory activity in paw and anal edema models. In CCl4 model, hematological investigations revealed vasotonic effects. Liver functionality was significantly (P < 0.001 − 0.05) improved in DSL‐EA‐treated rats. The activity level of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in liver tissues was improved in a manner identical to silymarin. The extract reduced the percent concentration of oxidative stress markers in liver tissues. Furthermore, DSL‐EA displayed restorative effects on histological parameters (H and E and Masson’s trichrome staining). Immunohistochemistry studies showed marked decline in Nrf2 expression, while overexpression of iNOS was also observed in disease control rats. The damage was distinctly reversed by the extract.