bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Admission control of hospitalization with patient gender by using Markov decision process
Authors: Jiang Yanping , Yang Feifei , Tang Zhenpeng , Li Quan‐Lin
Published: January 2021

Admission control of hospitalization considering patient gender is an interesting issue in the study of hospital bed management. This paper addresses the decision on the admission of patients who should immediately be admitted into a same‐gender room or rejected. Note that a patient is admitted depending on different conditions, such as his/her health condition, gender, the availability of beds, the length of stay, and the reward of hospitalization. Focusing on the key factor, patient gender, this paper sets up an infinite‐horizon total discounted reward Markov decision process model with the purpose to maximize the total expected reward for the hospital, which leads to an optimal dynamic policy. Then, the structural properties of the optimal policy are analyzed. Additionally, a value iteration algorithm is proposed to find the optimal policy. Finally, some numerical experiments are used to discuss how the optimal dynamic policy depends on some key parameters of the system. Furthermore, the performance of the optimal policy is discussed though comparison with the three other policies by means of simulating different scenarios.
High lumen density of Al2O3‐LuAG: Ce composite ceramic for high‐brightness display
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zheng Ruilin , Ding Jianyong , Cui Peng , Wang Zhongyue , Lv Peng , Wei Wei
Published: January 2021

Thermally robust and highly efficient green‐emitting luminescent ceramics are gradually attracting great attention as promising phosphors using in high‐brightness laser phosphor display to reduce serious speckle noise as well as high cost. However, lumen density is still seriously restricting their potential applications especially under high‐power density laser due to insufficient absorption of blue laser and significant thermal quenching. Here, we report an Al2O3‐LuAG: Ce composite ceramic phosphor (CCP) for high‐brightness laser phosphor display. Owing to good optical properties and high thermal conductivity of Al2O3, the Al2O3‐LuAG: Ce CCP shows high photoluminescence quantum yield (79.6%), low thermal quenching (only 3.2% loss in luminescence at 200°C), and high thermal conductivity (18.9 W·m−1·K−1). Moreover, the Al2O3, as scattering centers, enhances the Rayleigh–Mie scattering of the blue laser, and hence the absorption of the Al2O3‐LuAG: Ce CCP exhibits a remarkable improvement (~2.3 times) at 450 nm. Finally, with optimized thickness (0.3 mm) of Al2O3‐LuAG: Ce CCP, an excellent luminous efficiency (216 lm·W−1) and outstanding lumen density (6129 lm·mm−2) of the green‐emitting light source was obtained by driving under a high‐power density (28.33 W·mm−2) blue laser. All of those validate the suitability of the Al2O3‐LuAG: Ce CCP for high‐brightness display.
Identification of 16p11.2 deletion syndrome on a child inpatient psychiatric unit: A case report and call for inpatient genetic testing
Authors: Gibbs William , Bell Harrison , Ajith Aniruddh , Sadtler Kim , Escuro Katrina , Brooks Deborah , Edwards Sarah
Published: January 2021

Purpose

This case highlights the importance of nursing‐directed interprofessional treatment and inpatient unit genetic testing to identify genetic syndromes that may potentiate psychiatric conditions.

Sources Used

A case study of a 10‐year‐old Caucasian male with a history of a congenital heart defect, hand malformation, and low academic functioning who was admitted to the child inpatient psychiatric unit for eloping from school, aggression, and possible psychotic symptoms. Data were collected using patient medical records and interprofessional evaluation from nursing, psychiatry, and occupational therapy.

Results

The patient was treated with risperidone to manage psychotic symptoms. Dietary, occupational therapy, and scholastic plans were also implemented. After discharge, results of genetic microarray analysis revealed a Type 1 16p11.2 deletion.

Conclusion

The role of nursing, interprofessional collaboration, and access to consultation teams play a crucial role in patient care for early diagnosis and treatment. Inpatient genetic testing has the potential to quickly identify and diagnose previously unidentified symptom clusters, leading to early intervention, closer monitoring, and improved patient outcomes.
Periodontitis is associated with cardiovascular diseases: A 13‐year study
Authors: Tiensripojamarn Niramol , Lertpimonchai Attawood , Tavedhikul Kanoknadda , Udomsak Artit , Vathesatogkit Prin , Sritara Piyamitr , Charatkulangkun Orawan
Published: January 2021

Aim

To prospectively evaluate the association between periodontitis and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Thai adults.

Materials and methods

Medical data from the questionnaires and physical examinations of 1850 participants aged 47‒73 years from EGAT study were gathered. Random half‐mouth periodontal examination of each participant was performed by calibrated periodontists, and periodontal status was defined. The incidence of new CVD events, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, was verified by cardiologists. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs).

Results

The prevalence of no/mild, moderate and severe periodontitis in the study participants was 11.7%, 52.7% and 35.6%, respectively. During the 13‐year follow‐up, CVD events occurred in 110 (5.9%) participants, with 82 (4.4%) from CHD and 28 (1.5%) from stroke. After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, a significant association between severe periodontitis and the incidence of CHD was found compared with the no/mild periodontitis group with an HR of 4.53 (95% confidence intervals: 1.08‒19.02). However, no significant association was seen when considering total CVD events and stroke outcome.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that severe periodontitis is associated with an increased incidence of CHD, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors.
The basis of information to guide clinical decision‐making in knee osteoarthritis management: A survey with Brazilian physical therapists
Authors: Monteiro Nívea Renata Oliveira , Pegorari Maycon Sousa , Ohara Daniela Gonçalves , Ferreira Vânia Tiê Koga , Matos Areolino Pena
Published: January 2021

Rationale, aims and objectives

Several health information sources are available to assist physical therapists in the clinical decision‐making process, with a notable increase in the importance of using evidence‐based practice (EBP). The aim of this study is to investigate the health information sources most used by Brazilian physical therapists to guide their clinical decision making for knee osteoarthritis (OA) management, use of Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), knowledge about the existence of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), and associated factors.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study using an electronic survey was conducted. Physical therapists registered in a Regional Physical Therapy Council in Brazil were invited to participate. Sociodemographic data, professional training, health information sources, frequency of use of PEDro, and knowledge about CPGs were collected. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed, and the chi square test and multinomial and binary logistic regression were used to verify association between the variables.

Results

The survey was completed by 370 professionals. The three health information sources most used by Brazilian physical therapists were clinical experience, courses, and books. Among these professionals, only 12.1% use PEDro frequently, and 60.5% know that CPGs for knee OA management exist. Level of education was associated with PEDro use and knowledge about the existence of CPGs (P < .05).

Conclusions

The study results indicated a significant deficiency in engagement with research evidence by Brazilian physical therapists to guide their clinical decision making for knee OA. Further investigations on educational needs and the development of new strategies to narrow the gap between research evidence and clinical practice should be performed.
Financial clusters, industry groups, and stock return correlations
Authors: Fodor Andy , Jorgensen Randy D. , Stowe John D.
Published: January 2021

Industry classifications are used by investors, economists, and policy makers for a great variety of purposes. The traditional economic‐activity‐based systems (Global Industry Classification Standard, North American Industry Classification System, Standard Industrial Classification, and Fama–French) have been supplemented in recent years by alternative classification systems. Our purpose is to provide another alternative system that forms classification groups based on the structure of firm financial statements. Using cluster analysis, a multivariate tool that forms groups where their characteristics are similar within groups and distinct across groups, we form clusters of large U.S. firms based on their common‐size financial statements (percentage breakdowns of balance sheets and income statements). We characterize the financial clusters based on their industry classifications and other economic information and assess the ability of financial clusters and industry groups, separately and jointly, to explain stock return correlations of all pairs of firms. Our results demonstrate that using financial clusters and industry groups together proves advantageous relative to using either alone.
Influence of different combinations of wall materials on encapsulation of Nigella sativa oil by spray dryer
Authors: Mohammed Nameer Khairullah , Alhelli Amaal M. , Meor Hussin Anis Shobirin
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to characterize six combinations of wall materials including maltodextrin (MD)/lactose (LAC) with Arabic gum (AG), sodium caseinate (SC) and whey protein concentrate to encapsulate Nigella sativa oil (NSO). The droplet size, viscosity and emulsion stability of NSO emulsion were evaluated. The encapsulated powders were characterized and microencapsulation efficiency (MEE), and morphology were evaluated. All the emulsions showed stability over the tested time with highest viscosity for MD‐AG and larger droplet size was for LAC‐SC blends. The highest MEE was obtained for MD‐SC was the 92.46% and lowest value for LAC‐AG was 68.42%. Moreover, the MD‐SC showed best solubility of 93.33% with the lowest moisture content of 1.63% while the moisture content for LAC‐AG was 2.06%. MD blends had smaller particle sizes ranged from 13.88 to 19.02 μm. with smooth surfaces and spherical shapes. This study revealed that all blends contained MD showed better properties than LAC.

Practical applications

This study developed an encapsulation of Nigella sativa oil by using spray dryer technology using different types of wall materials to ensure the appropriate one based on the findings regarding the physicochemical properties. The encapsulated Nigella sativa oil can be used as an alternative for the chemical antioxidants in the market, their consumption can reduce the oxidation activity in the body. The active compound in the oil is believed to have strong biological activities. In addition, the technology used in this study can be applied to other types of oils and essential oils.
Impact of variability in protein content of sunflower meal on the extrusion process and physical quality of the extruded salmonid feed
Authors: Banjac Vojislav , Vukmirović Đuro , Pezo Lato , Draganovic Vukasin , Đuragić Olivera , Čolović Radmilo
Published: January 2021

Abstact

This study aimed to characterize sunflower meal (SFM) with a protein content of ~370 g/kg per dry matter (SFM1) and its two high protein fractions obtained by air classification (SFM2 and SFM3 containing 430 and 490 g/kg of protein per dry matter, respectively) as aqua feed ingredient, based on their functional properties that are important for extrusion processing. A mixture design was applied, varying the levels of SFM1, SFM2 and SFM3 from 88.2 to 267.2 g/kg in dry feed mixes intended for trout. SFM1 presence in the diet caused higher flow resistance of the material in the extruder barrel, and thus higher energy consumption compared to extrusion of diets containing SFM2 and SFM3. SFM1 suppressed the product expansion but induced formation of hollow and brittle pellets with high oil absorption capacity. Increase in protein content of SFM led to more compact structure, resulting in increased hardness, durability, water stability, and decreased oil leakage. Besides better nutritional quality, air classified low fiber SFMs prevail over basic SFM also in terms of their functionality. Still, presence of high fiber SFM could improve physical attributes of pellets in terms of their oil absorption capacity, important characteristic for salmonid feeds.

Practical Applications

Identification of functional properties of a certain ingredient is an important task when evaluating a novel ingredient in fish feed industry. This study assessed functionality of dehulled high protein sunflower meals, obtained by air classification, in the aqua feed extrusion process. The inclusion of sunflower meal with protein content higher than 400 g/kg, at level up to 200 g/kg, increased rigidity, water stability and oil retention ability of pellets, while decreased input of mechanical energy during extrusion. The contemporary aqua feed industry is oriented toward low fishmeal/high plant‐based diets. In this respect the outcomes of this study indicate that dehulled sunflower meal could be used as an alternative protein source to fishmeal in aqua feed from technological standpoint with beneficial effects on process parameters and without impaired effects on pellet physical quality.
The Effects of Gait Speed and Psychomotor Speed on Risk for Depression and Anxiety in Older Adults with Medical Comorbidities
Authors: Stahl Sarah T. , Altmann Helene M. , Dew Mary Amanda , Albert Steven M. , Butters Meryl , Gildengers Ariel , Reynolds Charles F. , Karp Jordan F.
Published: January 2021

Background/Objectives

Gait speed and psychomotor speed slow with age and may predict neuropsychiatric disease such as depression and anxiety. We explored the relative predictive values of gait speed, psychomotor slowing, and a composite index of these two measures on time to new episode depression or anxiety in older adults at risk for these common psychiatric conditions.

Design

Randomized controlled prevention trial with 15‐month follow‐up.

Setting

University‐based late‐life mental health research clinic.

Participants

Two hundred thirteen individuals, age 60+ years, with subsyndromal symptoms of depression or anxiety and one of the following risk factors for these common conditions: mild cognitive impairment, knee osteoarthritis, or disabilities requiring home‐based care.

Intervention

Participants in each of the risk factor groups were randomized to a depression‐specific preventive intervention or usual care.

Measurements

Gait speed: 4‐m walk test from the Short Physical Performance Battery. Psychomotor speed: Coding task of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. We created a composite index of slowing by determining whether participants exceeded established cut‐offs for slow performance in both gait speed (≤0.8 m/s) and psychomotor speed (<7 on the coding task). Time to new onset syndromal depression/anxiety was measured using research diagnostic criteria.

Results

Fifty‐four participants developed syndromal depression/anxiety (19.5%) over the course of 15 months. Participants with slowing in both areas were over twice as likely to experience new onset depression/anxiety (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–4.40, P = .046) compared to participants with no slowing in either area. Slowed gait (HR = 1.88; 95% CI = 0.992–3.55; P = .052) or slowed psychomotor speed (HR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.14–2.58; P = .488) alone did not increase risk for depression/anxiety.

Conclusion

Evaluating both gait and psychomotor speed in older adults with medical comorbidities and sub‐syndromal depression may predict incident mental illness and inform prevention planning. Future research is needed to validate our observations and explore shared neurobiological mechanisms that explain this elevated risk.
Xanthelasma palpebrarum after hyaluronic acid injection in the lower eyelid: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Simões Pires Vivian , Wender Isabella Osorio , Santos Manoella Freitas , Sartori Gabriela Lorentz , Vivian Analú , Dallagnese Gabriela
Published: January 2021

Background

Hyaluronic acid filler treatments are a very popular nonsurgical procedure worldwide, most wanted to create a more attractive profile and correct facial aging. Since its usage has expanded, more complications have been seen.

Aims

To report a probably new adverse effect related to injectable fillers.

Patient

A 38‐year‐old white woman who underwent hyaluronic acid filling in the periorbital area and presented twelve months after with two symmetrically yellowish plaque lesions on the lower eyelids, with no edema or nodules.

Results

The lesion appeared to be xanthelasma, in a patient with no history of hyperlipidemia. Histological analysis showed unspecific findings with rare histiocytes present in the papillary dermis. The patient was treated with hyaluronidase infiltration in both lower eyelid areas as an attempt to minimize the appearance of the lesions, with a satisfactory response.

Conclusions

As hyaluronic acid fillings are becoming more popular, all physicians have to be aware of its complications. The xanthelasma‐like reaction is probably a new adverse effect related to injectable fillers and it is important to be alert to this possibility.
Mapping research trends of temporomandibular disorders from 2010 to 2019: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Bai Bing , Bai Xiaofeng , Wang Chunxia
Published: January 2021

Background

Because of various clinical manifestations and complicated courses, temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are difficult to treat. Current knowledge about this disease remains insufficient for precise treatment after diagnosis.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to obtain and map the overall literature trends and most cited keywords in TMDs research.

Methods

Many indicators, including annual number of publications, country distribution, global cooperations, author contributions, original journals, cited references and keywords, were calculated and evaluated using VOSviewer v.1.6.13, which visualised many results, from the WoSCC database.

Results

A total of 3121 papers on TMDs research were retrieved from 2010 to 2019. The United States produced the most articles published, but the most productive institution was the University of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Researchers and institutions conducting TMDs research have shown a very widespread and close connection. TMDs have been studied worldwide by many research centres. Professor Svensson P was the most published researcher in TMDs research and the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation published the most TMDs research articles. The top cited references mainly presented diagnostic criteria of TMDs. The most cited keywords formed clusters: (a) Anatomical factor of TMDs, (b) Symptoms of TMDs and (c) RDC/TMD, the risk factors, biopsychosocial factors and epidemiology of TMDs.

Conclusions

The research results provide very valuable data for a thorough understanding of the research status of TMDs and demonstrated international cooperation.
Assessment of posterior tongue mobility using lingual‐palatal suction: Progress towards a functional definition of ankyloglossia
Authors: Zaghi Soroush , Shamtoob Shayan , Peterson Cynthia , Christianson Loree , Valcu‐Pinkerton Sanda , Peeran Zahra , Fung Brigitte , Kwok‐keung Ng Daniel , Jagomagi Triin , Archambault Nicole , O’Connor Bridget , Winslow Kathy , Lano Miche’ , Murdock Janine , Morrissey Lenore , Yoon Audrey
Published: January 2021

Background

A functional definition of ankyloglossia has been based on assessment of tongue mobility using the tongue range of motion ratio (TRMR) with the tongue tip extended towards the incisive papilla (TIP). Whereas this measurement has been helpful in assessing for variations in the mobility of the anterior one‐third of the tongue (tongue tip and apex), it may be insufficient to adequately assess the mobility of the posterior two‐thirds body of the tongue. A commonly used modification is to assess TRMR while the tongue is held in suction against the roof of the mouth in lingual‐palatal suction (LPS).

Objective

This study aims to explore the utility and normative values of TRMR‐LPS as an adjunct to functional assessment of tongue mobility using TRMR‐TIP.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional cohort study of 611 subjects (ages: 3‐83 years) from the general population.

Methods

Measurements of tongue mobility using TRMR were performed with TIP and LPS functional movements. Objective TRMR measurements were compared with subjective self‐assessment of resting tongue position, ease or difficulty elevating the tongue tip to the palate, and ease or difficulty elevating the tongue body to the palate.

Results

There was a statistically significant association between the objective measures of TRMR‐TIP and TRMR‐LPS and subjective reports of tongue mobility. LPS measurements were much more highly correlated with differences in elevating the posterior body of the tongue as compared to TIP measurements (R2 0.31 vs 0.05, P < .0001).

Conclusions

This study validates the TRMR‐LPS as a useful functional metric for assessment of posterior tongue mobility.
Detection and identification of a 16SrIII‐J subgroup phytoplasma associated with faba bean in Peru
Authors: Torres Suarez Gilberto , Gamarra Gamarra Delia , Villar Charo M. , Llacza Munive Sally L. , Satta Eleonora , Carrasco Lozano Emerson C. , Bertaccini Assunta
Published: January 2021

Faba bean samples with symptoms of yellowing, dwarfism, shoot proliferation, internode shortening, leaf sprouts and lack of pod and seed production were collected from Huancayo and Chupaca provinces, Junin‐Peru, and analysed to verify phytoplasma presence and identity. After total nucleic acid extraction, the amplification with universal phytoplasma primers, using nested polymerase chain reactions, on the 16S ribosomal gene followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequence analysis allowed the classification of the detected phytoplasma in the subgroup 16SrIII‐J. The alignment of 30 16S ribosomal gene sequences from 15 faba bean symptomatic samples from single plants allowed verifying the consistent presence of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms that are however not modifying the phytoplasma classification. The phytoplasma identity was also corroborated by the amplification and the restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses carried out on the ribosomal protein gene amplicons obtained with primers specific for the phytoplasmas enclosed in the 16SrIII group. This is the first description in Peru of a disease associated with phytoplasmas in faba beans.
Patient‐reported outcomes 12 months after hepatitis C treatment with direct‐acting antivirals: Results from the PROP UP study
Authors: Serper Marina , Evon Donna M. , Amador Jipcy , Stewart Paul W. , Sarkar Souvik , Lok Anna S. , Sterling Richard K. , Reeve Bryce B. , Golin Carol E. , Rajender Reddy K. , Lim Joseph K. , Reau Nancy , Nelson David R. , Di Bisceglie Adrian M. , Fried Michael W.
Published: January 2021

Background & Aims

The long‐term impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with all‐oral direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) on patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) has not been well‐described. We characterized changes in PROs from pre‐treatment to 12 months post‐treatment in a real‐world cohort.

Methods

PROP UP was a multi‐centre observational cohort study of 1601 patients treated with DAAs at 11 US gastroenterology/hepatology practices from 2015 to 2017. PROs were evaluated pre‐treatment (T1) and 12 months post‐treatment (T5). A minimally important change (MIC) threshold was prespecified as >5% change in PRO scores from T1 to T5. Multivariable analyses identified predictors of change.

Results

Three‐quarters of patients were 55 or older; 45% were female, 60% were white, 33% were black, nearly half had cirrhosis. The most commonly‐prescribed DAA regimens were sofosbuvir‐based (83%) and grazoprevir/elbasvir (11%). Study retention was >95%. On average, small improvements were observed at 3 months post‐treatment in all PROs and sustained at 12 months post‐treatment among patients with sustained virologic response (SVR). Clinically meaningful improvements were achieved in fatigue (mean change score: −3.7 [−4.2, −3.1]), sleep (mean change score: −3.1 [−3.7, −2.5]), abdominal pain (mean change score: −2.6 [−3.3, −1.9]) and functional well‐being (mean change score: −7.0 [−6.0, −8.0]). Symptom improvements were generally not sustained with no SVR (n = 52). Patients with cirrhosis and MELD ≥12 had the greatest improvements in functional well‐being (−12.9 [−17.6, −8.1]).

Conclusions

The improvements in patient‐reported outcomes reported by patients who achieved SVR following HCV DAA therapy were durable at 12 months post‐treatment.
Tribbles homolog 2 promotes hepatic fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis through phosphatase 1A‐Mediated stabilization of yes‐associated protein
Authors: Xiang Dejuan , Zhu Xiaoyun , Zhang Yanqiu , Zou Jie , Li Jie , Kong Lingyi , Zhang Hao
Published: January 2021

Background & Aims

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play critical roles in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2) is an oncogene implicated in a variety of cancers, including liver cancer. However, the biological function and regulatory mechanism of TRIB2 in HSCs are poorly understood. In addition, little is known about its role in liver fibrosis progression to HCC. Here, we revealed the clinical significance of TRIB2 in liver fibrosis and HCC development.

Methods

We investigated TRIB2 promoting liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. In mouse model of liver fibrosis and HCC, we measured hepatic fibrosis and HCC level through knockdown TRIB2 with shRNA. In addition, we performed western blotting, real‐time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence and co‐immunoprecipitation assay to study TRIB2 function in LX‐2 cells.

Results

TRIB2 expression was strongly upregulated in human fibrotic liver tissues and HCC tissues. TRIB2 colocalized with α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) in fibrotic and HCC liver tissues. Knockdown of TRIB2 inhibited HSC activation and liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. TRIB2 promoted Yes‐associated protein (YAP) stabilization, nuclear localization, and subsequent fibrotic gene expression independent of the MST‐LATS phosphorylation cascade in HSCs. TRIB2 interacted with YAP to recruit phosphatase 1A (PP1A), promoting PP1A‐mediated YAP dephosphorylation. TRIB2 knockdown potently attenuated the development of fibrosis‐associated liver cancer.

Conclusions

TRIB2 is an attractive target for hepatic fibrosis and fibrosis‐associated liver cancer treatment.
Visualisation technologies—I can see clearly now but the feel is gone
Authors: Wilson Timothy D.
Published: January 2021

Given Bogomolova et al.'s demonstration that 3D virtual representation of anatomy helps learning, Wilson questions where such findings could take us in a COVID‐moderated 21st century without haptics.
Wnt/β‐catenin signalling mediates cardiac hypertrophy in type 4 cardiorenal syndrome
Authors: Zhao Yue , Lei Yanping , Li Yueyan , Zhang Jingjing , Tang Huifang
Published: January 2021

Aim

Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS4) is characterized by the condition that chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes sustainable injury to heart. This study focuses on exploring the mechanism underlying CRS4 and potential treatment for CRS4.

Methods

In the present study, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (5/6NX) for generating animal model of CKD. Cardiac hypertrophy, kidney injury, Wnt/β‐catenin signalling and serum TNF‐α were tested at eighth week after 5/6NX.

Results

Cardiac hypertrophy and kidney injury were prominent and accompanied by Wnt/β‐catenin activation in rats at eighth week after 5/6NX. Blockade of Wnt/β‐catenin by ICG‐001 reduced 5/6NX‐stimulated fibronectin and podocalyxin in remnant kidney. Interestingly, ICG‐001 also inhibited hypertrophic markers β‐MHC and α‐actin and reduced cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, TNF‐α, as a systemic inflammation factor in blood circulation, was suggested to connect CKD to cardiac hypertrophy. It was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo studies that ICG‐001 is sufficient to counteract TNF‐α‐induced cardiac hypertrophy by sequestration of β‐catenin.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that Wnt/β‐catenin to be a unified pathogenic pathway of heart disorder and kidney disease in CRS4. Based on that, Wnt/β‐catenin signalling could be a target of promising therapy for protecting both heart and kidney organs in CRS4.
Anti‐apoptotic effects of human gingival mesenchymal stromal cells on polymorphonuclear leucocytes
Authors: Blufstein Alice , Behm Christian , Kubin Barbara , Gahn Johannes , Moritz Andreas , Rausch‐Fan Xiaohui , Andrukhov Oleh
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) constitute the first line of host defence and are crucial in maintaining periodontal health. Their survival and function are modulated by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different origin. Gingival MSCs (GMSCs) play an important role in maintaining oral health and in the initial inflammatory response. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of GMSCs on PMNs apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Methods

PMNs were either directly incubated with untreated, interleukin (IL)‐1β‐ or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐treated GMSCs or stimulated with their conditioned media. Resulting ROS production was evaluated by dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining, whereas PMNs apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V staining, followed by flow cytometry analysis.

Results

While conditioned media of untreated and TNF‐α‐treated GMSCs did not affect apoptosis of PMNs, it was significantly delayed by conditioned media of GMSCs treated with IL‐1β. In direct co‐culture, GMSCs exerted anti‐apoptotic effects on PMNs independently of the previous stimulation. However, the strongest impact was observed by IL‐1β‐treated GMSCs. ROS production of PMNs was not influenced by GMSCs or their conditioned media.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates for the first time the immunomodulatory properties of GMSCs towards PMNs, revealing that IL‐1β enhances anti‐apoptotic effects of GMSCs.
“You can’t make me!” Managing adolescent dissent to anesthesia
Authors: Bryant Brittany E. , Adler Adam C. , Mann David G. , Malek Janet
Published: January 2021

When adolescents require health care, the need to obtain consent from the parent/legal guardian and assent from the patient can create the potential for an ethical dilemma when these two parties are not in agreement. Here, we describe a representative and common case scenario in which both parent and adolescent patient gave consent and assent, respectively, with a full understanding of the risks and benefits of the procedure and anesthetic. At the time of anesthetic induction, however, the patient expresses that she no longer wishes to have the procedure. We identify a number of considerations that inform the ethical analysis of such cases and offer recommendations about the most appropriate path forward for a practitioner faced with a difficult decision about how to respond.
Shoot‐derived miR2111 controls legume root and nodule development
Authors: Zhang Mengbai , Su Huanan , Gresshoff Peter M. , Ferguson Brett J.
Published: January 2021

Legumes control their nodule numbers through the autoregulation of nodulation (AON). Rhizobia infection stimulates the production of root‐derived CLE peptide hormones that are translocated to the shoot where they regulate a new signal. We used soybean to demonstrate that this shoot‐derived signal is miR2111, which is transported via phloem to the root where it targets transcripts of Too Much Love (TML), a negative regulator of nodulation. Shoot perception of rhizobia‐induced CLE peptides suppresses miR2111 expression, resulting in TML accumulation in roots and subsequent inhibition of nodule organogenesis. Feeding synthetic mature miR2111 via the petiole increased nodule numbers per plant. Likewise, elevating miR2111 availability by over‐expression promoted nodulation, while target mimicry of TML induced the opposite effect on nodule development in wild‐type plants and alleviated the supernodulating and stunted root growth phenotypes of AON‐defective mutants. Additionally, in non‐nodulating wild‐type plants, ectopic expression of miR2111 significantly enhanced lateral root emergence with a decrease in lateral root length and average root diameter. In contrast, hairy roots constitutively expressing the target mimic construct exhibited reduced lateral root density. Overall, these findings demonstrate that miR2111 is both the critical shoot‐to‐root factor that positively regulates root nodule development and also acts to shape root system architecture.
Just conservation: The question of justice in global wildlife conservation
Authors: Tan Kok‐Chor
Published: January 2021

While there is a significant amount of discussion in philosophy on the ethics of wildlife conservation, there is relatively less discussion on the justice of conservation. By the “justice of conservation,” I mean the question of what we owe to fellow human beings with respect to conservation goals and practices. The goal of this study is twofold: first to highlight the justice‐gap in the morality of wildlife conservation and second to identify and frame two dimensions of global conservation justice for further discussion. Specifically, I suggest the need for more equitable approaches to conservation to address the problem of distributive unfairness in global conservation practices, and the need to “decolonize” conservation to ensure more deliberative fairness in how global conservation problems and solutions are determined.
Developing sustainable public health care systems for responding to COVID‐19 in Japan
Authors: Yoshioka‐Maeda Kyoko
Published: January 2021

Objective

Despite having prevented public health center (PHC) dysfunction in response to COVID‐19 during the first wave, public health nurses (PHNs) who play a central role in preventing COVID‐19 and supporting community people were unable to share practical knowledge with other PHNs immediately. This report aims to introduce the development of novel sustainable public health care systems with regard to COVID‐19 in Japan: task sharing, securing staff, and task shifting.

Methods

A descriptive study. The Japan Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare enlisted good practices regarding resource allocation and developing full readiness for sustainable public health care systems in September 2020.

Results

Public health center developed systems for office support, infection control, hospital coordination, and outsourced inventory control. To reduce the workload of PHNs, a support team of three to four office workers developed a response manual for residents and a format for telephone consultations regarding COVID‐19. Developing an infection control team and web‐based system for hospital coordination decreased the workload of PHCs in each community to prepare for the pandemic.

Conclusion

Public health center should consider managing limited human resources and focus on providing specialized care for COVID‐19 patients. Task sharing, securing staff, and task shifting are crucial strategies for developing sustainable public health care systems.
Was Donald Trump an Effective Leader of Congress?
Authors: Edwards George C.
Published: January 2021

Donald Trump came to the presidency claiming a unique proficiency in negotiating deals. Once in office, however, he floundered. He adopted a passive approach to agenda setting, putting him in a reactive mode. Although he received high levels of support from Republicans in both chambers of Congress and although their leaders kept votes that he might lose off the agenda, Congress passed little significant legislation at his behest. The president received historically low levels of support from Democratic senators and representatives and could not win congressional assent for new healthcare policy, immigration reform, or infrastructure spending. Government shutdowns and symbolic slaps at his foreign policies characterized his tenure, even with his party in control of the legislature. He was even less successful after Democrats gained control of the House in the 2018 midterm elections.
Supervised machine learning methods in psychology: A practical introduction with annotated R code
Authors: Rosenbusch Hannes , Soldner Felix , Evans Anthony M. , Zeelenberg Marcel
Published: January 2021

Machine learning methods for prediction and pattern detection are increasingly prevalent in psychological research. We provide an introductory overview of machine learning, its applications, and describe how to implement models for research. We review fundamental concepts of machine learning, such as prediction accuracy and out‐of‐sample evaluation, and summarize standard prediction algorithms including linear regressions, ridge regressions, decision trees, and random forests (plus additional algorithms in the supplementary materials). We demonstrate each method with examples and annotated R code, and discuss best practices for determining sample sizes; comparing model performances; tuning prediction models; preregistering prediction models; and reporting results. Finally, we discuss the value of machine learning methods in maintaining psychology’s status as a predictive science.
Prognostic impact of clinical, haematological, and histopathological variables in 102 canine cutaneous perivascular wall tumours
Authors: Chiti Lavinia E. , Ferrari Roberta , Boracchi Patrizia , Morello Emanuela , Marconato Laura , Roccabianca Paola , Avallone Giancarlo , Iussich Selina , Giordano Alessia , Ferraris Erica I. , Agnoli Chiara , Dondi Francesco , Giacobino Davide , Godizzi Francesco , Stefanello Damiano
Published: January 2021

Identification of prognostic factors for perivascular wall tumours (PWTs) is desirable to accurately predict prognosis and guide treatment. 100 and two dogs with surgically excised PWTs without distant metastasis were retrospectively enrolled in this multi‐institutional study, and the impact of pre‐treatment leukocyte parameters, clinical and histopathological variables on local recurrence (LR) and overall‐survival time (OST) were evaluated. Increasing values of white blood cell count (WBCC), neutrophil count (NC) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly correlated with the hazard of LR in univariate analysis. WBCC and NC remained prognostic when adjusted for margins, grade, tumour size, location and skin ulceration, but lost their significance when adjusted for mitotic index and necrosis, whilst NLR remained prognostic only when close margins where categorised as infiltrated. Castrated males had a higher hazard of LR than intact males in univariate analysis, but significance was lost in multivariate models. Ulcerated PWTs and those located on the distal extremities had a higher hazard of LR both in univariate and multivariate analysis. Histological grade, necrosis, mitotic count, and infiltrated margins were all associated with LR both in univariate and multivariate analysis. Boxer breed, older age, ulceration, grade III, necrosis >50% and higher mitotic count were correlated with shorter OST, although breed and age lost their significance in multivariate analysis. Prognostication of surgically excised PWTs should be based on both clinical and histopathological variables. If validated in further studies, leukocyte counts and NLR may aid the clinician in identifying dogs at higher risk of LR before treatment.
Evaluation of staple line reinforcement after partial gastrectomy closure in an ex vivo canine model
Authors: Duffy Daniel J. , Cocca Christina J. , Chang Yi‐Jen , Moore George E.
Published: January 2021

Objective

To determine the influence of stapling on leakage pressures after canine partial gastrectomy.

Study design

Ex vivo study.

Sample population

Gastric specimens from 24 adult canine cadavers.

Methods

Partial gastrectomy constructs were assigned to one of three closure techniques (n = 8 per group): group 1, stapled closure with a 90‐mm thoracoabdominal stapling device and a 4.8‐mm staple cartridge; group 2, hand‐sewn double‐layer inverting suture closure with 3‐0 glycomer 631; and group 3, staple line reinforcement with an inverting Cushing suture pattern. Leakage and pressure testing were performed. Initial leakage pressure (ILP), maximal leakage pressure (MLP), and leakage location were recorded. Significance was set at P < .05.

Results

Placement of a Cushing suture (group 3) increased ILP and MLP by 3.2‐fold and 2.8‐fold, respectively, compared with stapled closures alone (P < .001). Constructs closed with double‐layer suture closure reached ILP and MLP 4.5‐fold and threefold greater, respectively, compared with those with stapled closures alone (P < .001). Maximal leakage pressure did not differ between groups 2 and 3 (P = .14). Leakage occurred from the inverting suture line in all constructs of groups 2 and 3 and from staple holes in six of eight group 1 constructs.

Conclusion

Double‐layer suture closure of canine partial gastrectomies achieved superior biomechanical properties compared with stapled closure techniques. Reinforcing staple closures with an inverting suture line improved resistance to leakage.

Clinical significance

Reinforcing single‐layer closure of partial gastrectomies with an inverting Cushing pattern is recommended to improve resistance to leakage. In vivo investigation is warranted to evaluate influence of closure technique on gastric healing, postoperative stasis, ischemic injury, and postoperative dehiscence.
Thermal Error Modeling of Rotary Axis Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Chengyang Wu , Sitong Xiang , Wansheng Xiang
Published: January 2021

Rotary axes are the key components for five-axis computerized numerical control machines, while their motions are dramatically influenced by thermal issues. To precisely model the thermal error of rotary axis, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is developed. To form data sets for the CNN, a laser interferometer is used to measure the angular positioning error at different temperatures and a thermal imager is taken to obtain thermal images of the rotary axis. The measured thermal error is fitted to a sine curve so that training parameters are reduced. And the thermal pixel values of the initial thermal image are subtracted from all the thermal images to consider the incremental thermal effect, so the influence of the initial temperature is negligible. Finally, a deep CNN model with multiple output classifications is designed to complete the data training, verifying and testing. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy for the parameters is higher than 90%, and the percentage reduction in error is higher than 80%.
Statistical interpretation of sterile neutrino oscillation searches at reactors
Authors: Coloma Pilar , Huber Patrick , Schwetz Thomas
Published: January 2021

A considerable experimental effort is currently under way to test the persistent hints for oscillations due to an eV-scale sterile neutrino in the data of various reactor neutrino experiments. The assessment of the statistical significance of these hints is usually based on Wilks’ theorem, whereby the assumption is made that the log-likelihood is$$\chi ^2$$χ2-distributed. However, it is well known that the preconditions for the validity of Wilks’ theorem are not fulfilled for neutrino oscillation experiments. In this work we derive a simple asymptotic form of the actual distribution of the log-likelihood based on reinterpreting the problem as fitting white Gaussian noise. From this formalism we show that, even in the absence of a sterile neutrino, the expectation value for the maximum likelihood estimate of the mixing angle remains non-zero with attendant large values of the log-likelihood. Our analytical results are then confirmed by numerical simulations of a toy reactor experiment. Finally, we apply this framework to the data of the Neutrino-4 experiment and show that the null hypothesis of no-oscillation is rejected at the 2.6 $$\sigma $$σlevel, compared to 3.2 $$\sigma $$σobtained under the assumption that Wilks’ theorem applies.
On the basic properties of GCn sets
Authors: Hakopian Hakop A. , Vardanyan Navasard K.
Published: January 2021

In this paper the simplest [Formula: see text]-correct sets in the plane — [Formula: see text] sets are studied. An [Formula: see text]-correct node set [Formula: see text] is called [Formula: see text] set if the fundamental polynomial of each node is a product of [Formula: see text] linear factors. We say that a node uses a line if the line is a factor of the fundamental polynomial of this node. A line is called [Formula: see text]-node line if it passes through exactly [Formula: see text] nodes of [Formula: see text] At most [Formula: see text] nodes can be collinear in any [Formula: see text]-correct set and an [Formula: see text]-node line is called a maximal line. The Gasca–Maeztu conjecture (1982) states that for every [Formula: see text] set there exists at least one maximal line. Until now the conjecture has been proved only for the cases [Formula: see text]

Here, for a line [Formula: see text] we introduce and study the concept of [Formula: see text]-lowering of the set [Formula: see text] and define so called proper lines. We also provide refinements of several basic properties of [Formula: see text] sets regarding the maximal lines, [Formula: see text]-node lines, the used lines, as well as the subset of nodes that use a given line.
IRON-DOPED Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu0.91Fe0.09)3O10+δ SUPERCONDUCTOR WITH NANOGROWTH
Authors: KUMAR ROHITASH
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we describe about iron-doped BSCCO superconductors and their nanoparticle growth for the samples Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text])3O[Formula: see text] and Bi2Sr2Ca2(Cu[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text])3O[Formula: see text]. These samples are synthesized by conventional solid state reaction using Ball mill. Here, we used 0.07 and 0.09[Formula: see text]wt.% of iron in samples in coper site and obtained transition temperature 21.659 and 21.0405[Formula: see text]K, respectively. For the characterization of phase, structure, crystallite size, strain, chemical, and growth of nanoparticles, we used X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results confirm with the co-existence phases Bi-2212 and Bi-2223 with lattice constant [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Å for both concentration of iron 0.07[Formula: see text]wt.%, 0.09[Formula: see text]wt.%, respectively. The FESEM micrographs confirm nanoparticles in ranging 1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m to 500[Formula: see text]nm which is agglomerated in tetragonal phase. The average crystallite size of the grown nanoparticles calculated through Scherrer formula is confirmed by HRTEM between the range 2–100[Formula: see text]nm. The FTIR vibrational spectra confirm the bond species corresponding to tetragonal phase and high interaction of Cu-O and Fe-O. The samples exhibit superconductivity at transition temperature 21.659 and 21.0405[Formula: see text]K.