bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH TERHADAP PRAKTEK PATOHO BONGI
Authors: Rahmawati Dewi , M. Thahir Maloko
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Patoho bongi merupakan transaksi jual beli dala bidang pertanian yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat desa sangga kecematan lambu kabupaten bima dengan pembayaran secara tertangguh pada waktu yang telah ditentukan yaitu pada musim panen padi dan dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mendesak. Ada dua macam praktek patoho bongi yang dilakukan yaitu patoho bongi dari uang ke barang dan praktek patoho bongi dari barang ke uang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif (field research), dengan pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan hukum ekonomi syariah dan sosiologi. Sumber data yag digunakan dalam peneitian ini yaitu sumber data primer dan skunder. Implikasi dari penelitian ini 1) sebaiknya transaksi patoho bongi dilakukan secara tertulis, untuk menghindari kesalah pahaman di masa yang akan datang. Transaksi tertulis ini bisa dengan menggunakan nota atau kwintasi yang ditanda tangani oleh kedua belah pihak. 2) Bagi masyarakat Desa Sangga Kecematan lambu Kabupaten Bima diharapkan mampu menigkatkan praktek patoho bongi ini agar lebih banyak menolong sesama, dan diharapkan praktek patoho bongi ini agar lebih banyak menolong sesama, dan diharapkan kepada para tengkulak dalam mengambil keuntungan untuk memperlihatkan prinsip menolong yang tidak mengambil keuntngan besar.
Kata Kunci: Jual Beli, Masyarakat, Pertanian.
 
Abstract                                                             
Patoho bongi is a sale and purchase transaction in agriculture carried out by the community of sangga village, lambu Ditrict, Bima regency with deferred payments at a predetermined time, namely during the rice harvest season and carried out to meet urgent needs. There are two kinds of patoho bongi practices that are carried out, namely patoho bongi from money to goods and patoho bongi practices from goods to money. The type of research used in this study is the primary data source and secondary data source. Implications of this research 1 that patoho bongi transactions should be made in writing, to avoid misunderstandings in the future. This written transaction can use a memorandum or receipt signed by both parties. 2 For the community of sangga village, lambu district bima regency, it is hoped that they will be able to improve the practice of patoho bongi so that they can help others more, and it is hoped that middlemen will take advantage to demonstrate the principle of helping those who don’t take advantage to show the principle of helping those who don’t take big profits.
Keywords: Agriculture, Buying and Selling, Community.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN TANAH BENGKOK DI DESA TANETE KABUPATEN GOWA
Authors: Aswandi Irham , Sinilele Ashar
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian ini membahas tentang Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Pengalihan Tanah Bengkok Kabupaten Gowa. Dengan rumusan masalah yaitu : Bagaimana sistem pengelolaan tanah bengkok dan Bagaimana pelaksanaan hukum Islam terhadap pengelolaan tanah bengkok di Desa Tanete Kabupaten Gowa, dengan tujuan untuk Untuk mengetahui sistem pengelolaan tanah bengkok dan untuk mengetahui dan memahami tentang tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap pengelolaan tanah bengkok di Desa Tanete Kabupaten Gowa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dan sifat penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. hukum sewa menyewa tanah bengkok ditinjau dari perspektif hukum ekonomi syariah Desa Tanete Kabupaten Gowa adalah dalam transaksi akah ijarah tentang diperbolehkannya, hal ini karenakan tujuan yang disyariatkannya ijarah itu adalah untuk memberi keringanan kepada umat dalam pergaulan hidup. Dengan adanya ijarah maka antara manusia dapat saling memberi keuntungan dan kedua belah pihak daapat saling mendapatkan manfaat, maka sewa menyewa tanah bengkok di Desa Tanete Kabupaten Gowa sesuai dengan rukun dan syarat sewa menyewa yaitu terdiri dari dua orang yang berakad yang sudah dewasa, objek akad jelas, penjelasan waktu, dan penjelasan manfaat, ijab kabul dan harga sewa yang telah disepakati.
Kata Kunci : Hukum Islam, Pengelolaan, Tanah Bengkok.
 
Abstract
This study discusses the Review of Islamic Law Against the Transfer of Bengkok Land KabupatenGowa. With the formulation of the problem, namely: How is the management system of crooked land and how is the implementation of Islamic law on the management of crooked land in Tanete Village, Gowa Regency, with the aim of knowing the crooked land management system and to know and understand about the review of Islamic law on the management of crooked land in Tanete Village. Gowa Regency. The type of research used is field research and the nature of this research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. the law of renting crooked land in terms of the perspective of sharia economic law in Tanete Village, KabupatenGowa is in the transaction of whether ijarah is permissible, this is because the purpose for which ijarah is prescribed is to give relief to the people in social life. With the ijarah, humans can benefit each other and both parties can benefit from each other, so renting crooked land in Tanete Village, KabupatenGowa is in accordance with the pillars and terms of the lease, which consists of two people who have a contract who are adults, the object of the contract is clear, an explanation of the time, and an explanation of the benefits, the consent and the agreed rental price.
Keywords: Crooked Land, Islamic Law, Management
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP JAMINAN PEMBIAYAAN HAK AMIL DALAM OPERASIONAL PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT DI LAZISMU KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Munawwarah  , Basyirah Mustarin  , Ade Darmawan Basri
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi tentang pembiayaan menggunakan hak Amil untuk membiayai kegiatan operasional dan sebagai sumber Amil dalam melaksanakan tugasnya di Lazismu Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang dilaksanakan di Lazismu Kota Makassar, dengan pendekatan yuridis dan normatif dengan sumber data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Kemudian teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, penyajian data, kemudian penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penentuan gaji tiap amil dilihat dari potensi kinerja Amil, dan masing-masing sudah mempunyai standar khusus dari setiap pekerjaannya. Belum ada ketentuan atau referensi dari pusat terkait dengan gaji Amil, karena itu masih menerapkan kebijakan internal dalam menetapkan upah Amil, dengan tetap mengacu kepada ketentuan syariat sebesar 12,5%. Dari segi pemberian gaji masih dibawah standar UMR, karena kemampuan dana Amil belum besar, peruntukan gaji amil dinilai sudah transparansi dengan melihat produktifitas dalam bekerja yang disesuaikan perolehan yang didapatkan dalam setiap tahunnya.
Kata Kunci: Hak Amil, Hukum Islam, Jaminan Pembiayaan, Pengelolaan Zakat.
 
Abstract
This research was motivated by financing using Amil's rights to finance operational activities and as a source of Amil in carrying out its duties in Lazismu Makassar City. The type of research used is field research using qualitative descriptive methods carried out in Lazismu Makassar City, with a juridical and normative approach with primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques are through observation, interviews and documentation. Then the data analysis techniques used are data collection, data processing, data presentation, then drawing conclusions. The results showed that the determination of each ammil salary was seen from the potential performance of Amil, and each already had a special standard of each job. There is no provision or reference from the center related to Amil's salary, because it still applies internal policies in setting Amil wages, while still referring to sharia provisions of 12.5%. In terms of salary provisions are still below the UMR standard, because the ability of Amil funds is not large, the allocation of amil salary is considered to have been transparent by looking at productivity in work that is adjusted for the acquisition obtained in each year.
Keywords: Amil Rights, Financing Guarantee, Islamic Law, Zakat Management.
Digital literacy and fluency in education: Enhancing teacher education preparedness policy
Authors: Manowaluilou Nongluck , Thanarachataphoom Thananun , Pimthong Pattamaporn , Ugsornkid Songchai , Ketkosan Nannapat
Published: August 2024

This study explores the influence of digital technologies, including media, on pre-service teachers’ interactions and engagement patterns. It underscores the significance of promoting digital competence to empower pre-service teachers to navigate the digital world responsibly, make informed decisions, and enhance their digital experiences. The objective is to identify key themes and categories in research studies related to pre-service teachers’ digital competence and skill preparations. Conducting a systematic literature review, we searched databases such as SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, and Taylor & Francis, including forty-three articles in the dataset. Applying qualitative content analysis, we identified four major themes: digital literacy, digital competencies, digital skills, and digital thinking. Within each theme, categories and their frequencies were examined. Preliminary findings reveal a growing prevalence of digital competence and literacy articles between 2019 and 2024. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for further research and implementations, with specific criteria used for article selection detailed in the paper. A digital literacy policy for teacher education preparedness is included.
A conceptual framework of service quality on patient’s behavioral assessment: Insight from Pakistan
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Muhammad Norhilmi , Mahmood Hamid , Yen Yuen Yee , Sabir Irfan
Published: August 2024

The healthcare sector is progressively modest and patients expect higher service quality; therefore, healthcare practitioners’ and academic researchers’ attention upsurges in exploring service quality, intensifying satisfaction and generating behavioral intention. Despite the significance of the healthcare sector and the importance of quality-related matters, there is a paucity of research and publications dealing with healthcare service quality. This conceptual review evaluates the service quality in Pakistani healthcare sector rendering patients’ perspective. The proposed model emphasizes patients’ switching intention caused by poor or inadequate service quality through intervening constructs of satisfaction and alternative attractiveness. Additionally, current review explored the alternative attractiveness as mediator which was neglected in healthcare context. The model also attempts to propose the association between alternative attractiveness and outcome variable by switching costs regarding patients’ perspectives. The conceptual framework enables hospital managers to comprehend how patients assess healthcare quality provided in the presence of alternatives. The perception of patients would assist them in allocating healthcare resources and hospital management attain performance feedback through service quality parameters. Present review developed an inclusive framework as a novel injector in healthcare sector for patients’ perceived service quality.
Scales of dispossession: Institutionalizing resource access at the frontier
Authors: Rasmussen Mattias Borg , Lund Christian
Published: August 2024

Institutions and frontier dynamics describe apparent opposites, yet they are mutually constitutive. While institutions are characterized by rules, regulation, and order, frontier dynamics represent destruction of existing rules, the elimination of established authorities, and the active redacting of prior social contracts. We argue that frontier dynamics are characterized by a rupture of scale, which breaks down local institutional arrangements and dislocates power and decision-making. The new resources emerging in frontiers are relevant, valuable, and commodified outside of their original locales. The scalar disjuncture between the physical resource and its institutional control effectively enables the dispossession of local communities, producing frontier spaces by reshaping the visibility of rights subjects, redrawing the boundaries between property and theft, and re-embedding places in narratives of progress and development. We look at three constitutive elements of the institutionalization of resource access and control by examining performative representation, discussing the drawing of jurisdictional boundaries, and engaging the languages of legalization and legitimation. We develop the argument through the cases of fracking in Argentina and palm oil plantations in Indonesia.
Identification and Potential of Yellow Root Plants in the Pining Forest Area, Gayo Lues Regency
Authors: Harnelly Essy , Ariga Alwahid , Siregar Astri Winda
Published: August 2024

Kabupaten Gayo Lues khususnya kecamatan Pining memiliki kawasan hutan dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang paling beragam dan produktif salah satu jenis tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat adalah akar kuning. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang jenis akar kuning dan potensi banyaknya jenis akar kuning yang terdapat di kawasan Areal Penggunaan Lain (APL) Bur Kaladurin Kecamatan Pining, Kabupaten Gayo Lues. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode sistematis sampling untuk menggambarkan kondisi populasi data setiap jenis tumbuhan akar kuning, data diameter akar kuning dan data jumlah akar kuning yang ditemukan. Ditemukan 2 jenis akar kuning yaitu Fibraurea tinctoria dan Arcangelisia flava sebanyak 1675 individu pada lokasi penelitian dari 56 plot sampling yang ditentukan. Kerapatan tertinggi pada setiap plot yang ditemukan adalah jenis Fibraurea tinctoria dengan kerapatan 613 individu/ha dan jenis Arcangelisia flava 135 individu/ha. Frekuensi kelas diameter terbanyak yang ditemukan dari kelas 2,66 – 4,26 cm sebanyak 452 individu dari jenis Fibraurea tinctoria dan Arcangelisia flava sebanyak 102 individu dari kelas diameter 2,55 – 3,92 cm.
Jenis-Jenis Pohon di Hutan Kota Trembesi, Peulanggahan, Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Yuliana Fitri , Siregar Zuriana - , Irvianty Irvianty , Defira Cut Nanda , Suwarno Suwarno
Published: August 2024

Hutan Kota Trembesi merupakan salah satu ruang terbuka hijau di kawasan Kota Banda Aceh yang memiliki beraneka jenis pohon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis pohon yang terdapat di Hutan Kota Trembesi. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sensus. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis pohon. Hasil penelitian di dapatkan 31 spesies phon dari 17 famili dengan jumlah total individu sebanyak 493 individu.
Seismic Performance Analysis of Endo Indonesia Office Surabaya Building Structures Against Structural Irregularities
Authors: Putra Mohammad Tomita Maha , Murti Krisna , Widayanto Erno
Published: August 2024

The structure of the building will be stable if the response of the structure is able to ignore the static and dynamic loads. The behavioral stability of the building structure is also influenced by geometry, configuration of horizontal and vertical elements, rigidity, lateral ability, and daktility of the structure. (Khanal Chaulagain, 2020). When the structure configuration of the building is irregular, there will be eccentricity which means that the center of the mass is incorrectly at the centre of rigidity (Faisal Darsono, 2019). If such conditions are not anticipated, the structure will be tortured until it eventually collapses. (Naveen dkk., 2019). In Surabaya there are office buildings that have irregular structures. This research will model the structure of the building into five variations. Each variation has a reduction in the value of structural irregularity. Next, we will examine the impact of structural irregularities on the reaction of structures of buildings. The results of the analysis showed that the irregularity of the inner angle had a significant impact on the shift of the roof, with the R-square of 0.9025 in the X axis and 0.9872 in the Y axis. Furthermore, based on the value of the soft level rigidity to the earthquake style at each level, R-quares of 0.8433 were found at the X-axis, and 0.825 at the Y-axe. Furthermore, changes in the inner angle of variations 2, 3, 4, and 5 resulted in successive increases in the mass of the structure by 0.18%, 4.09%, 7.86%, and 0.43%. These increases result in an increase in the basic sliding style in both directions. The variation 5 building designed without an inner angle showed an increase of 0.46% in the base sling style in either direction. Movement targets based on ASCE 41-13 NSP are 321.903 mm and 308.497 mm for the X and Y directions, respectively, which are in the Life Safety and Immediate Occupancy categories. While the total maximum drift values based on ATC-40 for the x and y directions are 0.0148 and 0.0150. The performance of the existing building structure is between B to C on the level of damage control (Immediate Occupancy to Life Safety), which means the building has suffered minor non-structural damage and may suffer structural damage but can still be repaired.
Improving control efficacy of pesticide sprayed by unmanned aerial vehicle using a compound
Authors:   Anhui Academy Of Agricultural Sciences, Su Xianyan
Published: August 2024

the experiment of control efficiency on rice suggested synergist could improve utilization efficiency (UE) of pesticide effectively. Schematic illustration of the mechanism of synergist and digital photograph of water-dispersed paper
Territorios inteligentes y mujeres: Una revisión sistemática (2018- 2023)
Authors: Fernández Fonseca Edgar , Cardona Sánchez Fernando
Published: August 2024

En el mundo globalizado los cambios económicos y sociales redefinen las relaciones entre territorios inteligentes y actores sociales. Algunos esfuerzos por teorizarlas tienden a reconocer su riqueza interdisciplinar a la vez que dan cuenta de las disputas epistémicas en su interior. Se realiza una revisión sistemática de las relaciones entre territorios inteligentes y mujeres en el contexto latinoamericano. Se consultaron las bases de datos Scielo, Redalyc, Scopus y Jstor. El tratamiento del corpus documental se realizó a partir de la declaración PRISMA. Se ubicaron 31 registros publicados entre 2018- 2023. Prevalecen los estudios cualitativos de corte etnográfico y participativo, seguido de investigaciones documentales. Los registros sugieren que pese a las disputas epistémicas entre una teorización desde arriba hegemónica y otra desde abajo contrahegemónica, las mujeres en situaciones de vulnerabilidad compartida suelen desarrollar iniciativas colectivas territoriales cuyos atributos son gobernanza, sostenibilidad, trabajo en red y capacidad de adaptación creativa, con efectos en la configuración de la subjetividad social. Se concluye que rastrear los procesos organizativos comunitarios conformados por mujeres en áreas urbanas o peri-urbanas favorece la inclusión de inteligencias colectivas críticas en la gestión urbana local.
Laporan Kasus: Proses Asuhan Gizi Terstandar pada Anak dengan Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Lch) Multi Sistem on Kemoterapi Initial Treatment, Gizi Buruk Perawakan Sangat Pendek
Authors: Andi Nur Rahmah Kurnia Sari , Nofi Lora Sri , Fitrianti Suci , Damayanthi Evy
Published: August 2024

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) merupakan kondisi idiopatik yang ditandai dengan proliferasi sel langerhans yang abnormal. Gizi buruk yang disebabkan oleh penyakit berdampak terhadap kehilangan zat gizi secara abnormal, peningkatkan pengeluaran energi, atau penurunan nafsu makan. Kasus adalah seorang anak laki-laki berusia 2 tahun yang didiagnosis malnutrisi berat setelah menderita LCH setahun yang lalu.  Asupan makanan SMRS tidak adekuat (65% RDA), dan status gizi buruk (Z-Skor LiLA/U <-3SD). Hasil asesmen menunjukkan adanya anemia, hipoalbuminemia dan diare. Terdapat kehilangan masa lemak dan otot, muka terlihat lebih tua, baggy pant yang sesuai dengan kondisi marasmus. Diberikan formula yang mengandung protein terhidrolisis ekstensif 8x75 mL dari, namun karena diare memburuk sehingga diberikan TPN karena dicurigai terjadi malabsorbsi. Hasil monitoring dan evaluasi menunjukkan asupan masih tidak adekuat namun cenderung meningkat, frekuensi diare menurun menjadi 2 kali sehari dan masih terlihat tanda klinis malnutrisi. Walaupun belum mencapai tujuan intervensi namun kondisi pasien lebih baik dibandingkan sebelum intervensi.
Efeitos psicológicos das neoplasias
Authors: Alves Fernanda Cytrangulo , Siqueira Emílio Conceição de
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos psicológicos das neoplasias. Revisão bibliográfica: O câncer representa a segunda principal causa de mortalidade globalmente. A neoplasia e os seus tratamentos conduzem a uma variedade de problemas físicos e psicossociais. Primeiro, uma reação a um diagnóstico grave e à futura deterioração do estado de saúde pode constituir um fator de risco para a depressão; segundo, o tratamento com modificadores da resposta imune e regimes de quimioterapia, e a experiência de alterações meAabólicas e endócrinas, dor crônica e intervenções cirúrgicas extensas, podem representar fatores contribuintes adicionais. Considerações finais: O câncer representa uma das principais doenças e uma das principais causas de mortalidade a nível global. Devido ao seu estigma de morte e as fortes consequências físicas da doença e seu tratamento, os pacientes oncológicos encontram-se vulneráveis a transtornos de saúde mental como depressão, ansiedade, transtorno de estresse pós traumático e suicídio. Medidas como incentivo ao apoio social, terapia psicológica, atividade física e terapêutica medicamentosa para doenças mentais são essenciais no apoio ao paciente com neoplasia, pois podem melhorar a autonomia, resiliência e qualidade de vida.
Implementasi Media Pembelajaran Flashcard Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Sholat Peserta Didik
Authors: Rahmawati Denada , Harahap Musaddad
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan media pembelajaran flashcard dalam meningkatkan keterampilan sholat peserta didik di kelas 4 SDN 009 Sidomulyo, Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari lapangan faktanya keterampilan sholat peserta didik masih belum perlu untuk diperbaiki dan disempurnakan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakkan kelas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas 4 SD Negeri 009 Sidomulyo Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dapat diketahui bahwa hasil belajar peserta didik sebelum diterapkan media pembelajaran flashcard dinilai masih kurang baik dengan presentase sebesar 15% dalam aspek keterampilan sholat. setelah diterapkan media pembelajaran flashcard pada siklus I perolehan nilai meningkat menjadi 50% dalam aspek keterampilan sholat peserta didik dengan kategori sedang, dikarenakan hasil observasi pada siklus I ini belum mencapai kategori nilai yang telah ditentukan, maka dilanjutkan pada siklus II , pada siklus ini perolehan nilai meningkat menjadi 90% dalam aspek keterampilan sholat dengan kategori sangat tinggi dan hasil kedua pada siklus II ini sudah tuntas dari kategori nilai yang telah ditentukan dan penelitian tidak dilanjutkan ketahap selanjutnya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan media pembelajaran flashcard dapat meningkatkan keterampilan sholat peserta didik di kelas 4 SD Negeri 009 Sidomulyo, Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu.
Pelatihan Metode Saminiyyah (8 Langkah Praktis) Untuk Pemberantasan Buta Aksara Arab
Authors: Muhammad Samin Saproni , Supriady Harif , Hamzah Hamzah
Published: August 2024

Fenomena yang terjadi pada masyarakat, baik desa maupun di kota, banyak sekali orang tua yang buta aksara Al-Qur‟an, jumlah buta aksara Alqur’an lebih banyak ibu-ibu atau kaum perempuan dibanding laki-laki. Padahal posisi perempuan sebagai ibu di lingkungan rumah tangga dilihat dari segi tanggung jawab pemeliharaan dan pendidikan anak merupakan pusat pendidikan yang menentukan masa depan bangsa. Tujuan dari PkM ini adalah membekali para peserta pelatihan dengan kemampuan menggunakan metode Saminiyyah dalam rangka pemberantasan buta aksara Arab untuk para pemula dewasa di Desa Teluk Mega Kecamatan Tanah Putih Kabupaten Rokan Hilir, Riau. Kegiatan PkM dislaksanakan dalam bentuk pelatihan yang dikemas dalam bentuk training for trainer. Kegiatan PkM ini telah terlaksana dengan sambutan antusias dari pemerintah kecamatan. Adapun pembekalan yang disampaikan adalah seputar mengenal karakteristik metode Saminiyyah dan strategi penggunaannya.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЗДОРОВЬЯ ДЕТЕЙ, ВЫЗВАННЫЕ УХУДШЕНИЕМ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ И ИЗМЕНЕНИЕМ КЛИМАТА, И ПРЕДЛАГАЕМЫЕ ПУТИ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ
Authors: Nersisyan L. , Kosyan S. , Nazaretyan A. , Danielyan K.
Published: August 2024

The article summarizes and analyzes both official and independent current experimental data on the state of the environment in the Republic of Armenia in order to identify the most disadvantaged areas and the possible impact of degraded ecosystems on the health of the population, especially children. The obtained results show that the most risk-relevant zones are mining areas contaminated with heavy metals, which exert rather negative impact on human health, in particular, children’s health. Some recommendations for improving the situation are presented.

В статье обобщены и проанализированы как официальные, так и независимые экспериментальные данные о состоянии окружающей среды в республике Армения с целью выявления наиболее неблагополучных зон и возможного влияния деградированных экосистем на здоровье населения, в особенности детей. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что наиболее рисковыми зонами являются территории горнодобывающей промышленности, загрязненные тяжелыми металлами, показано также их весьма негативное влияние на здоровье людей, в частности, детей. Представлены некоторые рекомендации по улучшению ситуации.
INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR HANDLING OF CHEMICALS
Authors: Цыб С. А. , Скобелев Д. О. , Орлов А. Ю. , Филаткин П. В. , Виноградова Е. Н.
Published: August 2024

Рассмотрена проблема информирования различных групп пользователей об опасности химической продукции на всех этапах ее обращения. Проведен анализ основных принципов выбора приоритетных опасных химических веществ, а также представлено предложение по распределению объема информации о химических веществах относительно целевых групп пользователей. В качестве примера предложено создание электронного справочника для информационного обеспечения заинтересованных пользователей.

A problem of delivering information to different groups of users is considered regarding handling of chemicals at all stages of their circulation. An analysis of main criteria for selecting top-priority hazardous chemicals has been carried out, and a proposal has been submitted for distribution of information on chemicals between target user groups. An approach is exemplified by an initiative of creating an electronic directory for informational support of interested users.
EXPERIENCE IN ORGANIZING AND GUIDING COMPREHENSIVE EXPERTISE OF RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRAM
Authors: Проничкин С. В. , Раевская Е. Г. , Тихонов И. П.
Published: August 2024

В качестве подхода к системному анализу результатов выполнения научно-технических программ предлагается использовать методы экспертной оценки. В статье рассмотрены важные этапы организации и проведения комплексной экспертизы результатов научно-технических программ на примере оценки результатов, полученных при выполнении мероприятий федеральной целевой программы «Национальная система химической и биологической безопасности Российской Федерации (2009-2014 гг.)». Разработаны критерии экспертизы и анкета экспертной оценки полученных результатов программы. Даны практические рекомендации по организации и проведению экспертизы результатов научно-технических программ. Выявлены факторы для оценки компетентности и отбора экспертов. Сформулированы основные выводы, полученные в результате многокритериального анализа результатов научно-технической программы.

An approach for systematic analysis of results of scientific and technical programs is proposed which involves expert evaluation methods. The article considers important stages of organizing and carrying out comprehensive expertise of a series of results of scientific and technical programs as exemplified by evaluation of the results obtained in the course of implementation of the federal target program “National System of Chemical and Biological Safety of the Russian Federation (2009-2014 years)”. A set of criteria and a questionnaire for expert evaluation of the results of the program have been developed. Practical recommendations on organizing and conducting the expertise of results of scientific and technical programs are given. Factors have been identified for assessing an expert competence and selecting experts. The main conclusions resulting from multicriteria analysis of the results of the program are formulated.
HAZARDOUS WASTE CLASSIFICATON FOR WASTES FROM TAILING POND “BLACK HOLE”
Authors: Михайлова П. Г. , Савицкая Т. В.
Published: August 2024

Представлены результаты расчетов классов опасности для человека и окружающей среды отходов шламонакопителя «Черная дыра» бывшего производства ОАО «Оргстекло», расположенного в г. Дзержинске Нижегородской области, с использованием учебно-исследовательского модуля «Классификация отходов», разработанного на кафедре компьютерно-интегрированных систем в химической технологии Российского химико-технологического университета имени Д.И. Менделеева. Для классификации осуществлен поиск порядка 350 первичных показателей опасности 47 компонентов отходов по справочникам, нормативным документам и базам данных. Предложены варианты использования результатов классификации.

The results of calculations of waste hazard class are presented referring to wastes hazardous for humans and environment which are accumulated in the tailing pond named “Black Hole” located in the vicinity of the city of Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region, and formerly assigned to the “Orgsteklo“ enterprize. The calculations were carried out by means of a training and research module “Classification of wastes” developed by the Department of computer-integrated systems in chemical technology of the Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia. A search was performed for 47 waste components with respect to about 350 primary hazard indicators collected in reference books, regulatory documents and databases. Possible options of using waste classification results are suggested.
PLASMA TECHNOLOGY FOR TREATMENT OF OIL-CONTAINING WASTE: PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Артемов А. В. , Переславцев А. В. , Вощинин С. А. , Кулыгин В. М.
Published: August 2024

В статье приведены результаты технологического и экономического анализа процесса переработки нефтесодержащих отходов в высокотемпературном плазменном конвертере. Полученные результаты расчетов свидетельствуют о перспективности использования плазменной технологии для ликвидации нефтесодержащих отходов при приемлемом сроке окупаемости и рентабельности. Данный способ ликвидации отходов обеспечивает практически полное отсутствие загрязнения атмосферы токсичными продуктами типа фуранов и диоксинов. Кроме того, вместо опасного зольного остатка, получаемого при обычном сжигании, продуктом плазменной технологии является экологически безопасный базальтоподобный шлак неорганической природы, который может быть использован далее, так же, как получаемые в данном процессе электроэнергия и тепло.

The article presents the results of performance analysis of a technical procedure for treatment of oily waste in a high-temperature plasma converter. The calculations obtained demonstrate promising potential of using plasma technology for liquidation of oily waste along with acceptable values of payback period and profitability. The developed method of eliminating waste provides virtually no pollution of the atmosphere with toxic products such as furans and dioxins. In addition, instead of the hazardous ash residue obtained from conventional waste combustion, the end product of plasma waste processing technology is an ecologically safe basalt-like slag of inorganic origin, which can be used further, as well as the electric power and heat generated in the course of the process.
FLOTATION EXTRACTION OF SURFACTANTS OF DIFFERENT NATURE FROM MIXED SOLUTIONS CONTAINING HIGH-MOLECULAR REAGENTS
Authors: Стрельцова Е. А. , Мазурик А. А. , Хромышева Е. А.
Published: August 2024

Установлена принципиальная возможность, целесообразность и высокая эффективность флотационного извлечения поверхностно-активных веществ (ПАВ) анионной (додецилсульфат натрия) и неионогенной (Твины) природы из их смешанных водных растворов в присутствии высокомолекулярных реагентов (поливиниловый спирт и полиакриламид). Показано, что в присутствии поливинилового спирта Твины целесообразно извлекать из водных растворов во всем интервале значений рН среды, а додецилсульфат натрия - в сильнокислой и сильнощелочной средах. Определены оптимальные значения соотношения компонентов растворов, а также необходимого количества полиакриламида с точки зрения максимального флотофлокуляционного извлечения исследованных ПАВ. Показана возможность избирательного увеличения скорости процесса флотационного извлечения додецилсульфата натрия и Твинов в зависимости от природы добавленных реагентов и природы ПАВ.

Abstract - Flotation extraction studies of anionic (sodium dodecyl sulphate) and non-ionic (Tweens) surfactants from their mixed aqueous solutions in the presence of high-molecular reagents (polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylamide) revealed possibility, feasibility, and high efficiency of the procedure applied. It was found that in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol, Tweens could be extracted from aqueous solutions throughout the whole range of pH values, while sodium dodecyl sulphate could be extracted only in highly acidic and highly alkaline media. Optimal extraction of Tweens could be carried out for all the investigated ratios of the components of the mixture, whereas for sodium dodecyl sulphate the following ratios could be recommended - Tween: sodium dodecyl sulphate: polyvinyl alcohol = 0.5: 0.5: 1; 0.2: 0.8: 1. The optimum amount of polyacrylamide required for maximum flotоflocculation of Tweens and sodium dodecyl sulphate from mixed solutions accounted for 8 mg per 1 mg of surfactant. A possibility for selective increase in the rate of flotation extraction of sodium dodecyl sulphate and Tweens was demonstrated, which depended on both the nature of the added reagents and surfactant nature.
DETECTION AND DETOXICATION OF MALATHION IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Давтян В. А. , Торосян Г.О.
Published: August 2024

Приведены результаты исследований по обнаружению и детоксикации фосфорорганического пестицида - малатиона (МЛТ), представляющего опасность в связи с его интенсивным использованием в сельском хозяйстве и последующим быстрым распространением в окружающей среде. Для обнаружения МЛТ применен гибридный метод высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии в сочетании с тандемной масс-спектрометрией. Детоксикацию МЛТ предложено проводить с помощью щелочного гидролиза. Показано, что в ходе щелочного гидролиза происходит детоксикация МЛТ по типу реакции Гофмановского расщепления ониевых соединений, что позволяет избежать образования крайне токсичного соединения малаоксона.

Abstract - The results of studying detection and removal of organophosphorus pesticide chemical - malathion are presented taking into consideration its potential hazard due to an intensive use in agriculture followed by rapid spread in the environment. Detection of malathion can be carried out by a highly effective HPLC-MS/MS hybrid method, while detoxification can be performed by means of alkaline hydrolysis. It is shown that the alkaline hydrolysis results in the malathion detoxification through the Hoffmann splitting reaction of onium compounds, thus avoiding the formation of an extremely toxic malaoxon compound.
CHEMICAL SAFETY - А KEY ELEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (FOLLOW-UP OF THE IV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “ASTICS-2018”)
Authors: Ковалева Н. Ю. , Раевская Е. Г. , Рощин А. В.
Published: August 2024

Аннотация - В статье дан аналитический обзор основных итогов IV Международной конференции «Актуальные научные и научно-технические проблемы обеспечения химической безопасности» (ASTICS-2018), прошедшей в Москве 17-18 октября 2018 г. В конференции приняли участие более 150 человек из 8 стран (Азербайджан, Армения, Белоруссия, Казахстан, Кыргызстан, Россия, Таджикистан, Узбекистан). Рассмотрены состав участников, тематика основных научных направлений конференции, коротко освещены пленарные доклады и доклады, вызвавшие наибольший интерес. Сделан вывод, что регулярные конференции по данной тематике способствуют консолидации усилий и научного взаимодействия ученых и специалистов различного профиля в решении широкого круга проблем обеспечения химической безопасности, что вносит большой вклад в укрепление устойчивого развития в России и во всем мире.

Abstract - An analytical review is provided covering the main results of the IV International Conference “Actual Scientific and Technical Issues of Chemical Safety” (ASTICS-2018), held in Moscow on October 17-18, 2018. More than 150 participants from 8 countries (Russia, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan) took part in the conference. The main scientific topics of the conference program are considered, including the plenary reports and reports that aroused the greatest interest. It is concluded that regular conferences on chemical safety issues enhance consolidation efforts and scientific cooperation of scientists and specialists of various fields in addressing a wide range of problems ensuring chemical safety, which makes a great contribution to strengthening sustainable development in Russia and around the world.
ALGORITHM FOR COMPUTING AIR REGENERATION CHEMICAL REACTOR OPERATING IN AIRTIGHT HABITABLE FACILITIES
Authors: Акулинин Е. И. , Плотников М. Ю. , Дворецкий Д. С. , Дворецкий С. И.
Published: August 2024

Аннотация - Разработана конструкция хемосорбционного реактора с регенеративным продуктом из нанокристаллического надпероксида калия, закрепленного на волокнах и поверхности пор волокнистой матрицы и предназначенного для создания благоприятной атмосферы в герметичном обитаемом объекте в течение заданного времени из расчета присутствия в объекте 4-х человек и свободного объема 6 м, приходящегося на одного человека. При этом создаваемая нагрузка на реактор соответствует поглощению 100 дм/ч диоксида углерода и выделению 112 дм3/ч кислорода. С использованием математической модели процесса химической регенерации воздуха разработан алгоритм расчета гарантированных значений конструктивных параметров хемосорбционного реактора и времени защитного действия хемосорбента, в течение которого при заданной нагрузке на реактор в герметичном обитаемом объекте обеспечивается содержание кислорода и диоксида углерода в газодыхательной смеси на комфортном для дыхания человека уровне независимо от нашего незнания (в определенных пределах) части исходных данных для расчета.

Abstract - A chemisorption air regeneration reactor design was developed for the reactor operating on the basis of nanocrystalline potassium superoxide fixed on the fibers and pore surface of a fibrous polymer matrix. The reactor was designed for providing favorable atmosphere in a sealed habitable volume within a specified time span calculated considering the presence of 4 people with an available free volume of 6 m per person. The resulting calculated load value for the reactor corresponded to the absorption of 100 dm/h of carbon dioxide and the release of 112 dm3/h of oxygen. A mathematical model simulating the process of chemical air regeneration was used for creating an algorithm for calculating both the guaranteed values of the chemisorption reactor design parameters and the protective effect time. The algorithm allows to calculate the oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the gas-breathing mixture which provides a comfortable level for human breathing in a sealed habitable volume at a given reactor load value, regardless of our partial unawareness (within certain limits) of the input data for computations.
SAMPLE PREPARATION AND BIOTESTING OF TOXICITY OF SEWAGE SLUDGE WASTES
Authors: Игнатенко А. В.
Published: August 2024

Аннотация - Рассмотрены достоинства и недостатки физико-химического и биологического подходов к оценке химической безопасности осадков сточных вод городских очистных сооружений. Представлены результаты пробоподготовки и биотестирования токсичности иловых осадков с помощью теста на выживаемость клеток микроводоросли E. gracilis . Проведен анализ токсичности гидрофильных и гидрофобных веществ, выделенных из осадков водной экстракцией, обработкой гексаном и желчью. Предложена последовательная схема термообработки осадков при 20°С, 100°С, 270°С, 550°С для анализа содержания свободных и связанных форм токсичных веществ. Оценка текущей и потенциальной химической опасности осадков сточных вод позволит правильно выбирать способы их детоксикации и переработки.

Abstract - Potential benefits and drawbacks of physicochemical and biological approaches for evaluating toxicity of sewage sludge are considered. A procedure for sample preparation and biotesting of sewage sludge toxicity by survival test with Euglena gracilis cells has been developed. The toxicity analysis of hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances isolated from sediments by hexane and bile extraction has been carried out. A sequential scheme of water extraction followed by stepwise heat treatment of sewage sludge at 20°C, 100°С, 270°С, and 550°С is proposed for analysis of free and bound forms of heavy metals. The proposed approach for assessment of current and potential chemical hazard of sewage sludge wastes will allow to estimate their safety and select an appropriate procedure for their detoxification and subsequent treatment.
MONITORING PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS - AN OBJECTIVE AND INDEPENDENT TOOL FOR EVALUATING EFFECTIVENESS OF STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON POPS (2001)
Authors: Запевалов М. А.
Published: August 2024

Аннотация - Рассмотрены правовые основы мониторинга стойких органических загрязнителей (СОЗ) в России, международный опыт и результаты выполнения первого и второго этапов Плана глобального мониторинга СОЗ в рамках оценки эффективности Стокгольмской конвенции о СОЗ. Согласно оценкам, представленным в планах глобального мониторинга СОЗ, число соединений антропогенного характера в окружающей среде увеличивается, и по-прежнему сохраняется настоятельная необходимость продолжения и расширения работ по мониторингу СОЗ. Предложены общие требования к системе мониторинга СОЗ в России.

Abstract - The paper examines the legal platform for monitoring persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Russia taking into account the international experience and results of executing the first and the second steps of the Global Monitoring Plan on POPs, in the framework of evaluating effectiveness of the Stockholm Convention on POPs (2001) ratified by the Russian Federation in 2011. According to estimates presented in the Global Monitoring Plans on POPs, the total number of anthropogenic hazardous compounds in the environment keeps growing, thereby dictating an urgent need to continue and expand POPs’ monitoring activities. General requirements for POP’s monitoring system in Russia are proposed.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR FORMALIZING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
Authors: Проничкин С. В. , Тихонов И. П.
Published: August 2024

Аннотация - Статья посвящена разработке вопросов определения результативности научной деятельности в области химической и биологической безопасности. Выделены особенности развития науки в этой области в современных условиях. Дается обзор методов определения результативности научных исследований и разработок, представлено обсуждение методологических проблем. Выделена специфика определения результативности фундаментальных и прикладных научных исследований. Предложено многоаспектное описание оценки результативности научной деятельности в области химической и биологической безопасности. Намечены перспективы разработки нового научно-методического инструментария для определения результативности научной деятельности в области химической и биологической безопасности.

Abstract - The article is focused on developing formalizing procedure for evaluation of effectiveness of scientific research in the field of chemical and biological safety science. A series of specific aspects of the development of science research in this area in modern conditions are highlighted. A review of methods for determining the effectiveness of research and development activity is given, and the related methodological problems are discussed. The specificity of determining performance of fundamental and applied research is described. A multidimensional approach for estimating performance of scientific research activity related to the field of chemical and biological safety is proposed. The prospects for the development of new scientific methodological tools for determining performance of scientific research activities in the field of chemical and biological safety are outlined.
SYnthesis OF MACROHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR analogues DERIVed from CROWN ETHERS and their application FOR selective extraction of radionuclide waste
Authors: Глушко В. Н. , Блохина Л. И. , Жила М. Ю.
Published: August 2024

Разработан ряд технологий получения широкого ассортимента краун-эфиров и их производных. Изучена экстракционная способность этих реагентов на примере соединений дициклогексил-18-краун-6 и дибензо-21-краун-7 по отношению к радионуклидам стронций-90 и цезий-137, соответственно. Получены результаты, подтверждающие высокую эффективность применения краун-эфиров в качестве селективных экстрагентов радиоактивных отходов.

A series of technologies for synthesizing a wide variety of crown ethers and their derivatives has been developed. The extraction ability of the synthesized reagents has been studied as exemplified by dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 and dibenzo-21-crown-7, and evaluated towards two radionuclide species, i.e. strontium-90 and cesium-137, respectively. The obtained results confirm a high efficiency of the applying crown ethers as selective extractants of radioactive waste. The developed technologies can be implemented using a universal multi-functional pilot installation producing crown ether based products on a scale up to 60 kg/month.
VII SCIENTIFIC YOUTH WORKSHOP-CONFERENCE “CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, BIOLOGY: PATHWAYS OF INTEGRATION”
Authors: Берлин А. А.
Published: August 2024

Вступление к номеру открывает специальный выпуск журнала «Химическая безопасность», посвященный материалам VII научной молодежной школы конференции «Химия, физика, биология: пути интеграции». Конференция состоялась 17-19 апреля 2019 г. в г. Москве в ФИЦ ХФ РАН.

The introduction opens a special issue of Chemical Safety Science, devoted to the proceedings of the VII Scientific Youth Workshop Conference “Chemistry, Physics, Biology: Pathways of Integration”. The conference took place on April 17-19, 2019 in Moscow at the N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Physical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.