bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational analysis of Cyclin D1 gene SNPs and association with breast cancer
Authors: Aftab Ayesha , Khan Ranjha , Shah Wasim , Azhar Muhammad , Unar Ahsanullah , Jafar Hussain Hafiz Muhammad , Waqas Ahmed
Published: January 2021

CCND1 encodes for Cyclin D1 protein and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can modulate its activity. In the present study, the impact of CCND1 SNPs on structure and/or function of Cyclin D1 protein using in silico tools was investigated. Our analysis revealed only one splice site SNP (c.1988+5G<A) can effect CCND1 function. Subsequently, 78 out of 169 missense variants were predicted as pathogenic by Polyphen2, SIFT, PROVEAN, SNPs&GO, and PANTHER, and 4/78 missense SNPs were further evaluated because these four SNPs were found to be reside in highly conserved region of Cyclin D1. However, they did not show any major impact on tertiary structure and domain of Cyclin D1 but overall R15S and A190S has displayed a significant diseased phenotype and an altered molecular mechanism predicted by MutPred, FATHMM, SNPeffect, SNAP2, and PredictSNP. Consistently, A190S, R179L, and R15S may also cause a decrease in stability of Cyclin D1 anticipated by I-Mutant, HOPE and SNP effect. Furthermore, the Kaplan–Meier plotter has explained that high expression of CCND1 is associated with less survival rate of breast cancer patients. Altogether our study suggests that c.1988+5G<A, R15S, R179L, and A190S SNPs could directly or indirectly destabilize Cyclin D1.
Towards structure-focused glycoproteomics
Authors: Chernykh Anastasia , Kawahara Rebeca , Thaysen-Andersen Morten
Published: January 2021

Facilitated by advances in the separation sciences, mass spectrometry and informatics, glycoproteomics, the analysis of intact glycopeptides at scale, has recently matured enabling new insights into the complex glycoproteome. While diverse quantitative glycoproteomics strategies capable of mapping monosaccharide compositions of N- and O-linked glycans to discrete sites of proteins within complex biological mixtures with considerable sensitivity, quantitative accuracy and coverage have become available, developments supporting the advancement of structure-focused glycoproteomics, a recognised frontier in the field, have emerged. Technologies capable of providing site-specific information of the glycan fine structures in a glycoproteome-wide context are indeed necessary to address many pending questions in glycobiology. In this review, we firstly survey the latest glycoproteomics studies published in 2018–2020, their approaches and their findings, and then summarise important technological innovations in structure-focused glycoproteomics. Our review illustrates that while the O-glycoproteome remains comparably under-explored despite the emergence of new O-glycan-selective mucinases and other innovative tools aiding O-glycoproteome profiling, quantitative glycoproteomics is increasingly used to profile the N-glycoproteome to tackle diverse biological questions. Excitingly, new strategies compatible with structure-focused glycoproteomics including novel chemoenzymatic labelling, enrichment, separation, and mass spectrometry-based detection methods are rapidly emerging revealing glycan fine structural details including bisecting GlcNAcylation, core and antenna fucosylation, and sialyl-linkage information with protein site resolution. Glycoproteomics has clearly become a mainstay within the glycosciences that continues to reach a broader community. It transpires that structure-focused glycoproteomics holds a considerable potential to aid our understanding of systems glycobiology and unlock secrets of the glycoproteome in the immediate future.
Combinatorial biosynthesis for the generation of new-to-nature peptide antimicrobials
Authors: Ruijne Fleur , Kuipers Oscar P.
Published: January 2021

Natural peptide products are a valuable source of important therapeutic agents, including antibiotics, antivirals and crop protection agents. Aided by an increased understanding of structure–activity relationships of these complex molecules and the biosynthetic machineries that produce them, it has become possible to re-engineer complete machineries and biosynthetic pathways to create novel products with improved pharmacological properties or modified structures to combat antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we will address the progress that has been made using non-ribosomally produced peptides and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides as scaffolds for designed biosynthetic pathways or combinatorial synthesis for the creation of novel peptide antimicrobials.
Relative Clause Sentence Processing in Korean-Speaking School-Aged Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Yoo Jeewon , Yim Dongsun
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The goal of this study was to examine online and off-line sentence processing using Korean language relative clause sentences between children with specific language impairment (SLI) and children with typical development (TD).

Method

Twenty-four children with TD and 19 children with SLI participated in this study. Children completed online and off-line sentence-processing tasks using relative clause sentences. The response time (RT) data obtained from the online processing task were analyzed at each word position and between adjacent words for items answered both correctly and incorrectly on the off-line comprehension task. A linear mixed-effects model and a generalized linear mixed-effects model were used to analyze the performances on the online/off-line sentence-processing task between the two groups.

Results

The results revealed that the processing pattern of RTs on the online processing task differed between the two groups, such that the SLI group did not show the predicted RT increase while the TD group did. Also, the SLI group processed each word with comparable or faster reading rates than the TD group. On the off-line comprehension task, the SLI group performed poorly compared to the TD group.

Conclusions

Processing of syntactically complex sentences differed between the TD and SLI groups, such that the SLI group had lower accuracy on the off-line comprehension task and was less efficient on the online processing task as compared to the TD group. These results mainly support the syntactic deficit account in children with SLI.
Stellar wind structures in the eclipsing binary system IGR J18027–2016
Authors: Fogantini Federico A. , García Federico , Combi Jorge A. , Chaty Sylvain
Published: January 2021

Context. IGR J18027–2016 is an obscured high-mass X-ray binary formed by a neutron star accreting from the wind of a supergiant companion with a ∼4.57 d orbital period. The source shows an asymmetric eclipse profile that remained stable across several years.

Aims. We aim to investigate the geometrical and physical properties of stellar wind structures formed by the interaction between the compact object and the supergiant star.

Methods. In this work we analysed the temporal and spectral evolution of this source along its orbit using six archival XMM-Newton observations and the accumulated Swift/BAT hard X-ray light curve.

Results. The XMM-Newton light curves show that the source hardens during the ingress and egress of the eclipse, in accordance with the asymmetric profile seen in Swift/BAT data. A reduced pulse modulation is observed on the ingress to the eclipse. We modelled XMM-Newton spectra by means of a thermally Comptonized continuum (NTHCOMP), adding two Gaussian emission lines corresponding to Fe Kα and Fe Kβ. We included two absorption components to account for the interstellar and intrinsic media. We found that the local absorption column outside the eclipse fluctuates uniformly around ∼6 × 1022 cm−2, whereas when the source enters and leaves the eclipse the column increases by a factor of ≳3, reaching values up to ∼35 and ∼15 × 1022 cm−2, respectively.

Conclusions. Combining the physical properties derived from the spectral analysis, we propose a scenario in which, primarily, a photo-ionisation wake and, secondarily, an accretion wake are responsible for the orbital evolution of the absorption column, continuum emission, and variability seen at the Fe-line complex.
Factors of Entrepreneurial Success: A qualitative multiple case study of new small businesses
Authors: Urban Jan
Published: January 2021

In most countries, small businesses represent a majority of firms providing close to fifty percent of the total employment. However, on average, more than half of new small-business start-ups usually fail within the first 5 years of operation. Therefore, learning from the success of small-business owners who have sustained in business for at least 5 years can provide helpful insights not only for individual firms, but also for the continued growth of local economies which usually rely on small business to a great extent. The purpose of this case study based article was to explore common approaches, strategies and skills of successful business founders/small business owner´s that contribute to their sustained development. The article is based on a qualitative survey of sixteen, locally operating, small, retail and service-industry firms which, having successfully survived at least 5 years in business, continue to grow. The method of the survey covered semi structured interviews led with individual entrepreneurs and focused on identifying the crucial business as well as personal approaches and skills important for their market survival.
Application of the classical Payout Ratio Model and determination of the limitations of the Lintner Model demonstrated on the example of Komerční banka, PLC
Authors: Machova Veronika , Geierova Tereza
Published: January 2021

Initial determination of the payout ratio should be an integral part of each company strategy; it is a cornerstone of a long-term operation of any company. The aim of this contribution is to analyse the possibilities of determining the payout ratio of the company using dividend models and to design the most optimal application of the dividend model, and to define the limitations for the application. The data required for the application of the dividend models are obtained from the annual reports of Komerční banka, PLC. for the years of 2006-2018. The obtained data are used to calculate the classical payout ratio model, and subsequently to determine the payout ratio according to the Lintner model. Using the method of comparison, the obtained results for the application of the pay ratio are contrasted. The classic payout ratio model coincided directly with the results of the payout ratios of Komerční banka, PLC. and therefore turned out to be optimal for the application. The Lintner model is considered in literature to be very well functioning. However, this research confirmed that the resulting values of payout ratios after the application of the Lintner model are unacceptable in the long run.
Aus dem Lot – Defizite in der sensomotorischen Integration bei Pusher-Symptomatik
Authors: Zietz Dörte , Johannsen Leif
Published: January 2021

Wer mit Patientenmit Pusher-Symptomatik arbeitet, weiß, wie kräftezehrend die Mobilisation in der Bewegungstherapie sein kann – für Patient und Therapeut. Einen Goldstandard in der Behandlung gibt es bislang nicht. Zuerst sollte die Pusher-Symptomatik behandelt werden, bevor man andere Ziele der sensomotorischen Rehabilitation wie das Stehen und Gehen anvisiert.
42.16.4 Phosphoric Acid and Derivatives (Update 2021)
Authors: Kashemirov B. A. , Błażewska K. , Justyna K. , Lyu J. , McKenna C. E.
Published: January 2021

The methods presented in this update are mainly based on those reported since the original Science of Synthesis chapter on this topic (Section 42.16), which was published in 2009. The phosphoric acid derivatives covered include P=O compounds (e.g., phosphates, S-alkyl phosphorothioates, diphosphates, and triphosphates) and P=S compounds (O-alkyl phosphorothioates, etc.). Emphasis is placed on the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds, particularly nucleotides, oligonucleotides, phosphorylated sugars, and lipids.
Managerial behavior in fund tournaments—the impact of TrueSkill
Authors: Swade Alexander , Köchling Gerrit , Posch Peter N.
Published: January 2021

Measuring mutual fund managers’ skills by Microsoft’s TrueSkill algorithm, we find highly skilled managers to behave self-confident resulting in higher risk-taking in the second half of the year compared to less skilled managers. Introducing the TrueSkill algorithm, which is widely used in the e-sports community, to this branch of literature, we can replicate previous findings and theories suggesting overconfidence for mid-years winners.
On explosive boiling of a multicomponent Leidenfrost drop
Authors: Lyu Sijia , Tan Huanshu , Wakata Yuki , Yang Xianjun , Law Chung K. , Lohse Detlef , Sun Chao
Published: January 2021

Significance

Heating, vaporization, and mixing of fuel droplets through spraying is an integral process in thermal energy production. Staged atomization through self-induced droplet secondary microexplosion, attainable for multicomponent fuel mixtures with optimized volatility and miscibility properties, offers potential for improved atomization characteristics. This work comprehensively investigates the boiling process of a ternary drop, which initially is in the Leidenfrost state over a superheated surface, from the initial emergence of a second phase through self-encapsulation and, finally, microexplosion of the drop. The work exemplifies the richness of phenomena which can occur in multicomponent drop systems with phase transition.
Perpetuating ableist constructions of the “real world” through complaints about new communication
technologies
Authors: Parks Elizabeth S. , Robles Jessica S.
Published: January 2021

Complaints about the use of new communication technologies are frequent in public discourse and work within a
broader assemblage of discourses that promote selective ideologies. What is it that people are doing when they produce these
complaints, and how might acts of complaining promote equity in our daily lives? We analyse complaints taken from 16 hours of
video recorded dialogues and argue that the complaint discourse about the relationship of new communication technologies to
people’s expected embodied functioning and idealized social participation reconstitutes and perpetuates broader ableist discourses
about preferred engagement in the “real world.” By identifying intertextuality between two different topical discourses, we expand
understanding about the reification of cross-cutting ableist discourses and promote more inclusive language use.
Improved metabolic fitness, but no cardiovascular health effects, of a low‐frequency short‐term combined exercise programme in 50–70‐year‐olds with low fitness: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nielsen Tina‐Thea , Møller Trine K. , Olesen Niels D. , Zebis Mette K. , Ritz Christian , Nordsborg Nikolai , Hansen Peter R. , Krustrup Peter
Published: January 2021

We evaluated the cardiometabolic effects of a 15‐week combined exercise programme, implemented in sports clubs, for 50–70‐year‐olds with low aerobic fitness. In a randomized controlled trial, 45 participants (26 women) with low fitness were randomly assigned (2:1‐ratio) to a training group (TG, n = 30) or inactive control group (CG, n = 15). TG had 15 weeks with one weekly 90‐min supervised group‐based session in a recreational sports club with combined aerobic exercise and strength training and were encouraged to perform home‐based training 30 min/wk. Evaluations of relative VO2max (mLO2/min/kg), blood pressure, resting heart rate (HR), echocardiography, peripheral arterial tonometry, body composition, lipid profile and HbA1c were performed at 0 and 15 wks. Average HR during supervised training was 113 ± 13 bpm (68.6 ± 7.0%HRmax), with 4.3 ± 6.6% spent >90%HRmax. At 15‐wk follow‐up, intention‐to‐treat analyses revealed no between‐group difference for VO2max/kg (0.4 mLO2/min/kg, 95%CI −0.8–1.5, P = 0.519; −3 mL/min, 95%CI −123–118, P = 0.966) or other cardiovascular outcomes (all P > 0.05). Compared to CG, total fat mass (−1.9 kg; 95%CI −3.2 to −0.5, P = 0.005), total fat percentage (−1.3%, 95%CI −2.2 to −0.3, P = 0.01) and total/HDL cholesterol ratio (P = 0.032) decreased in TG. Regular adherence to supervised training was high (81%), but 0% for home‐based exercise. In conclusion, the group‐based supervised training was associated with high adherence and moderate exercise intensity, whereas insufficiently supported home‐based training was not feasible. Together, 15 wks of combined exercise training did not improve aerobic fitness or affected cardiovascular function in 50–70‐yr‐olds with low aerobic fitness, whereas some positive effects were observed in metabolic parameters.

Highlights

Combined exercise training implemented in a sports club elicited moderate aerobic intensity in 50‐70‐year‐old untrained individuals.

Supervised group‐based training had high adherence whereas unsupported home‐based training had very low adherence.

15 weeks of low‐frequency combined moderate intensity exercise training improved lipid profile and fat mass, but had no effect on cardiovascular fitness.
Assessing the feasibility of public engagement in a smartphone app to improve well-being through nature connection (Evaluación de la factibilidad de la implicación ciudadana mediante una app de teléfonos inteligentes para mejorar el bienestar a través de la conexión con la naturaleza)
Authors: McEwan Kirsten , Richardson Miles , Sheffield David , Ferguson Fiona J. , Brindley Paul
Published: January 2021

Aside from practical interventions such as providing green infrastructure to improve air quality or water contamination and reduce flooding, well-being interventions to increase engagement with the natural environment are one of the fastest growing ways of improving human and environmental health. This feasibility study assessed a novel smartphone app for well-being intervention. Over 30 days the app prompted adults, including those seeking help for a common mental health problem, to notice the good things about urban green or built spaces (control condition). Self-referral was successful with 885 people downloading the app, 435 supplying baseline data and 50 supplying post-intervention data. However, the low number of observations ( M = 6 per participant) indicates that 30 days is too long to remain engaged. There were significant improvements in well-being and nature connection, but no difference between green and built space conditions. Limitations, future recommendations regarding improving engagement and marketing to lower socio-economic status groups are discussed.
The Cxxc1 subunit of the Trithorax complex directs epigenetic licensing of CD4+ T cell differentiation
Authors: Kiuchi Masahiro , Onodera Atsushi , Kokubo Kota , Ichikawa Tomomi , Morimoto Yuki , Kawakami Eiryo , Takayama Naoya , Eto Koji , Koseki Haruhiko , Hirahara Kiyoshi , Nakayama Toshinori
Published: January 2021

Different dynamics of gene expression are observed during cell differentiation. In T cells, genes that are turned on early or turned off and stay off have been thoroughly studied. However, genes that are initially turned off but then turned on again after stimulation has ceased have not been defined; they are obviously important, especially in the context of acute versus chronic inflammation. Using the Th1/Th2 differentiation paradigm, we found that the Cxxc1 subunit of the Trithorax complex directs transcription of genes initially down-regulated by TCR stimulation but up-regulated again in a later phase. The late up-regulation of these genes was impaired either by prolonged TCR stimulation or Cxxc1 deficiency, which led to decreased expression of Trib3 and Klf2 in Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. Loss of Cxxc1 resulted in enhanced pathogenicity in allergic airway inflammation in vivo. Thus, Cxxc1 plays essential roles in the establishment of a proper CD4+ T cell immune system via epigenetic control of a specific set of genes.
Relativistic mechanics and thermodynamics: II. A linear translation Hamiltonian–Lagrangian formalism
Authors: Güémez J
Published: January 2021

A relativistic Hamiltonian–Lagrangian formalism for a composite system submitted to conservative and non-conservative forces is developed. A block descending an incline with a frictional force, mechanical energy dissipation process, is described, obtaining an Euler–Lagrange equation including a Rayleigh’s dissipation function. A cannonball rising on an incline, process evolving with mechanical energy production, is described by an Euler–Lagrange equation including a Gibbs’ production function, with a chemical origin force. A matrix four-vector mechanical equation, considering processes’ mechanical and phenomenological aspects, is postulated. This relativistic Hamiltonian–Lagrangian four-vector formalism complements the Einstein–Minkowski–Lorentz four-vector fundamental equation formalism. By considering a process’ mechanical and thermodynamic description, temporal evolution equations, relating process’ Hamiltonian (mechanical energy) evolution and the involved thermodynamic potentials (entropy of the universe, Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs free enthalpy) variations, are obtained.
Predominant reaction products and dielectric breakdown properties of gas mixtures consisting of SF6 and ablation products of C2F4/BN in the temperature range of 300–3000 K
Authors: Yokomizu Y , Terada M , Kodama N , Ishii T , Kojima Y , Kuroda M , Urai H
Published: January 2021

For a high voltage SF6 circuit breaker equipped with a boron nitride (BN)-filled polytetrafluoroethylene ((C2F4)

n

) nozzle, the predominant reaction products in a high-temperature SF6 mixture with vapor decomposition of C2F4 and BN at temperatures of 300–3000 K are determined based on calculations of equilibrium composition. The calculation is performed by considering the molecular products obtained by chemical reactions with boron atoms (e.g. BN, BS, BC, BF, BF2 and BF3), nitrogen atoms (e.g. N2, N3, CN, NS, NF, NF2 and NF3) and carbon atoms (e.g. CS, CS2, C2F4, CF2, CF3 and CF4). The results obtained for the C2F4–BN molar fraction

X

C
F
B
N

of 20%–80% reveal that BF3, N2 and CF4, the molecules originating from the nozzle material, are produced at high molar fractions over a range of 300–3000 K. Such an evaluation of the gas composition allows the derivation of a reduced collision ionization coefficient α/N and a reduced electron attachment coefficient η/N of the gas, considering various electron impact processes such as BF3 + e

→

BF2 + F− and CF4 + e

→

CF3 + F−. The evaluation subsequently enables us to determine a critical reduced electric field strength

E

c
r

/

N

causing

(
α
−
η
)

/

N
=
0

. The results suggest that the decomposed C2F4–BN mixture at

X

C
F
B
N

of 80% causes the reduction of

E

c
r

/

N

to 110 Td in the range of 1000–2000 K at a gas pressure of 1.0 MPa. This strength

E

c
r

/

N

is 20 Td lower than that determined separately for the SF6 gas mixture with only 80% C2F4 vapor decomposition, because of the CF4 molar fraction reduction in the SF6/C2F4–BN mixture.
Controlling the macroscopic electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide by nanoscale writing of electronic channels
Authors: Kayal Arijit , G Harikrishnan , Bandopadhyay K , Kumar Amit , Silva S Ravi P , Mitra J
Published: January 2021

The allure of all-carbon electronics stems from the spread of its physical properties across all its allotropes. The scheme also harbours unique challenges, such as tunability of band gap, variability of doping and defect control. Here, we explore the technique of scanning probe tip-induced nanoscale reduction of graphene oxide (GO), which nucleates conducting,

sp

2

rich graphitic regions on the insulating GO background. The flexibility of direct writing is supplemented with control over the degree of reduction and tunability of band gap through macroscopic control parameters. The fabricated reduced GO channels and ensuing devices are investigated via spectroscopy and temperature and bias-dependent electrical transport and correlated with spatially resolved electronic properties, using surface potentiometry. The presence of carrier localization effects, induced by the phase-separated

sp

2

/

sp

3

domains, and large local electric field fluctuations are reflected in the non-linear transport across the channels. Together, the results indicate a complex transport phenomenon, which may be variously dominated by tunnelling or variable range hopping or activated depending on the electronic state of the material.
Selective area growth of AlGaN nanopyramids by conventional and pulsed MOVPE
Authors: Boughaleb Sofia , Martin Brigitte , Matei Constantin , Templier Roselyne , Borowik Łukasz , Rochat Nevine , Gil Bernard , Dussaigne Amélie
Published: January 2021

Planar UV-C light emitting diodes still suffer from low efficiency, mainly due to substrate crystalline quality, p doped conductivity and extraction efficiency. One possible way to overcome partly these issues is to realize the whole UV structure on AlGaN pyramids by selective area growth in order to benefit from the advantages of such structures, i.e. the dislocation filtering and the semi polar planes. We present here a detailed study about the epitaxy of AlGaN nano-sized pyramids by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy on patterned templates presenting different holes apertures and pitches as 1.5 μm and 4 μm or 100 nm and 250 nm respectively. While increasing the Al content, their height decreases while the thickness of the deposition on the mask increases whatever the design of the mask. Those changes of the pyramid shapes and deposition are directly linked to the properties of Al adatoms, i.e. low Al diffusion length. Using the conventional growth mode for the epitaxy of those pyramids did not permit the incorporation of Al from the base of the pyramids to their truncated apex. Its presence was concentrated on the edges and top of the pyramids. On the contrary, a pulsed growth mode, coupled with a strongly reduced pitch, allowed an incorporation of Al since the base of the nanopyramid, and a decrease of the deposition height on the mask. These results can be explained by the desorption of Ga species, due to the presence of H2 in the reactor chamber during the step without the metal precursors, leading to a higher Al/Ga ratio. It is even enhanced inside the holes by the reduced pitch.
Comprehensive model toward optimization of SAG In-rich InGaN nanorods by hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Hijazi Hadi , Zeghouane Mohammed , Jridi Jihen , Gil Evelyne , Castelluci Dominique , Dubrovskii Vladimir G , Bougerol Catherine , André Yamina , Trassoudaine Agnès
Published: January 2021

Controlled growth of In-rich InGaN nanowires/nanorods (NRs) has long been considered as a very challenging task. Here, we present the first attempt to fabricate InGaN NRs by selective area growth using hydride vapor phase epitaxy. It is shown that InGaN NRs with different indium contents up to 90% can be grown by varying the In/Ga flow ratio. Furthermore, nanowires are observed on the surface of the grown NRs with a density that is proportional to the Ga content. The impact of varying the NH3 partial pressure is investigated to suppress the growth of these nanowires. It is shown that the nanowire density is considerably reduced by increasing the NH3 content in the vapor phase. We attribute the emergence of the nanowires to the final step of growth occurring after stopping the NH3 flow and cooling down the substrate. This is supported by a theoretical model based on the calculation of the supersaturation of the ternary InGaN alloy in interaction with the vapor phase as a function of different parameters assessed at the end of growth. It is shown that the decomposition of the InGaN solid alloy indeed becomes favorable below a critical value of the NH3 partial pressure. The time needed to reach this value increases with increasing the input flow of NH3, and therefore the alloy decomposition leading to the formation of nanowires becomes less effective. These results should be useful for fundamental understanding of the growth of InGaN nanostructures and may help to control their morphology and chemical composition required for device applications.
Modelling dust transport in DIII-D with DTOKS-Upgrade
Authors: Simons L , Cowley C , Fuller P , Bykov I , Rudakov D , Andrew Y , Coppins M
Published: January 2021

Comprehensive upgrades to the dust transport code Dust in TOKamaks (DTOKS) that extend the plasma-dust interaction model are presented and compared with recent measurements of dust transport in DIII-D. Simulations incorporating variation in physical properties of graphite dust with temperature and size in a stationary plasma background suggest a substantial decrease in lifetimes due principally to thermal expansion. The trajectories of 53 dust grains identified from analysis of visible camera data taken across two similar shots were used to measure the dust particle velocity distributions. Dust tracks terminated mostly at the outer divertor strike point having a mean observation time of 2.1 ± 0.4 ms. Stochastic modelling of 200 graphite dust particles in the DIII-D tokamak performed with DTOKS-U using plasma simulations generated by OEDGE found similar behaviour, with particles ablating rapidly after acquiring a positive charge in the region close to the outer strike point, creating an acute source of neutral carbon atoms. The simulated mean lifetime, 11 ± 2 ms, showed approximate agreement with experimental observation when corrected by accounting for dust visibility and ignoring the longest trajectories 1.5 ± 0.2 ms. Synthetic diagnostic data generated from coupling the results of DTOKS-U with the visualisation software Calcam offers a powerful new tool for validation of simulations and predictive calculations of dust dynamics.
Investigation of a helium tubular cold atmospheric pressure plasma source and polymer surface treatment application
Authors: Turicek J , Ratts N , Kaltchev M , Masoud N
Published: January 2021

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a simple and inexpensive method to produce plasma in ambient air. In this study, CAP was generated by flowing helium gas through a glass tube with a copper electrode rounded externally around it to provide an electric field for gas excitation. The plasma extended for up to a few centimeters from the opening of the tube forming a plume. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to identify the composition of the plasma along the length of the plume. Four positions along the plume were investigated at flow rates of 1, 1.5, and 2.5 L min−1. Results revealed that the plume consisted of a varying composition of excited state species dependent on the location in the plume and gas flow rate. Identified in the emission spectra were the nitrogen second positive and first negative system along with OH* emissions at 282 and 308 nm. The OH* emissions, found at the opening of the tube, had a higher intensity as the flow rate increased and were attributed to impurities from the ambient air in the source tubing, while the N2 and N2
+ emissions came from the nitrogen of the ambient air and dominated the rest of the measured spectra. Identifying the species and their intensities at different locations of the plume with different flow rates helped in determining the appropriate location and flow rate needed for a specific application of the surface treatment of ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE) to change its roughness. Additional spectra were taken in situ with an UHMWPE sample present to compare the reactive species of a free jet with those when a target was present. Finally, preliminary roughness tests showed increases of as low as three and as much as over ten times the pristine value depending on the position of the polymer in the plume and the source flow rate.
Study on the characteristics of helium plasma jet by pulsed micro-hollow cathode discharge
Authors: Duan Zhengchao , Li Peizhen , He Feng , Han Ruoyu , Ouyang Jiting
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the helium plasma jet generated by micro-hollow cathode discharge (MHCD) was studied. The MHCD was driven by a square-wave pulsed power source, and the characteristics of discharge and plasma jet were measured experimentally. The influences of the gas flow rate on the MHCD and the plasma jet were investigated. And the propagation mechanisms of the plasma jet were analyzed. The results show that within 100–1000 sccm of the gas flow rate, the breakdown delay time of the MHCD increases with the helium flow increasing. It is considered that the gas flow affects the density of seed electrons and thus the breakdown delay time. With the helium flow rate increasing, the whole plasma jet length increases firstly and then decreases. A detailed investigation shows that during one discharge pulse, two distinguishable propagation processes of the plasma jet are observed. It is found that the jet of the first stage is formed during the rising edge of the current pulse, while the other is generated after the discharge current becomes stable. The propagation velocity of jet in the first stage is on the order of several km s−1, which is similar to that of the discharge evolution obtained by simulation. And the propagation speed of the jet in the second stage is on the order of several hundred m s−1, which is close to the velocity of gas flow. The spatial–temporal distributions of light emission show that high-energy electrons can only be observed during the jet propagation in the first stage, and low-energy electrons can be detected in both the first and second stages. The results show that the electric field plays an important role on the jet propagation in the first stage, and the jet propagation during the second stage is mainly promoted by the thermal gas expansion.
Spatial resolution in photoacoustic computed tomography
Authors: Tian Chao , Zhang Chenxi , Zhang Haoran , Xie Dan , Jin Yi
Published: January 2021

Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is a novel biomedical imaging modality and has experienced fast developments in the past two decades. Spatial resolution is an important criterion to measure the imaging performance of a PACT system. Here we survey state-of-the-art literature on the spatial resolution of PACT and analyze resolution degradation models from signal generation, propagation, reception, to image reconstruction. Particularly, the impacts of laser pulse duration, acoustic attenuation, acoustic heterogeneity, detector bandwidth, detector aperture, detector view angle, signal sampling, and image reconstruction algorithms are reviewed and discussed. Analytical expressions of point spread functions related to these impacting factors are summarized based on rigorous mathematical formulas. State-of-the-art approaches devoted to enhancing spatial resolution are also reviewed. This work is expected to elucidate the concept of spatial resolution in PACT and inspire novel image quality enhancement techniques.
Reservoir computing with solitons
Authors: Silva Nuno Azevedo , Ferreira Tiago D , Guerreiro Ariel
Published: January 2021

Reservoir computing is a promising framework that facilitates the approach to physical neuromorphic hardware by enabling a given nonlinear physical system to act as a computing platform. In this work, we exploit this paradigm to propose a versatile and robust soliton-based computing system using a discrete soliton chain as a reservoir. By taking advantage of its tunable governing dynamics, we show that sufficiently strong nonlinear dynamics allows our soliton-based solution to perform accurate regression and classification tasks of non-linear separable datasets. At a conceptual level, the results presented pave a way for the physical realization of novel hardware solutions and have the potential to inspire future research on soliton-based computing using various physical platforms, leveraging its ubiquity across multiple fields of science, from nonlinear optical media to quantum systems.
Anomalous nonlinear optical effect and enhanced emission by magnetic excitons in CVD grown cobalt-doped ZnSe nanoribbon
Authors: Zou Bingsuo , Hou Lipeng , Tian Ye , Han Junbo , Peng Hui , Yang Xiongtao , Shi Lijie
Published: January 2021

The magnetic excitons in diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) have varied formats due to the inhomogeneous phases out of doping concentration and/or structural relaxations or defects. Here the high quality cobalt-doped zinc blende ZnSe nanoribbons (NRs) were synthesized, showing bright and color-variable emissions from blue, yellow to a little mixed white colors. Their power and temperature dependent micro-photoluminescence (PL) spectra have been obtained in which two emission bands, one magnetic exciton band near the band-edge and a Co2+ high-level d–d transition emission band at 550 nm out of their ferromagnetic (FM) coupled aggregates in ZnSe lattice, both bands could also be reflected by a nonlinear optical absorption enhancement. The easy formed stacking fault defects in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown ZnSe zincblende NR took part in the above optical processes out of magnetic polaronic excitons (PXs). The femtosecond (fs) laser pulse pumping on single ZnSe:Co NR produces obvious lasing behavior but with profile of a complicated magnetic exciton interactions with indication of a crossover from collective exciton magnetic polarons (EMP) to bound magnetic polaron (BMP) scattering in Co doped ZnSe NR. These findings indicate the complication of the magnetic coupling natures in varied DMS structures, whose optical properties have been found to be highly nonlinear, due to the involvement of the spin–spin, spin–exciton and spin–phonon interactions, verified by the theoretic calculation in Yang X-T et al (2019 Interstitial Zn-modulated ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnSe Mater. Res. Express
6 106121).
First mirror erosion–deposition studies in JET using an ITER-like mirror test assembly
Authors: Rubel M. , Moon Sunwoo , Petersson P. , Widdowson A. , Pitts R.A. , Aleiferis S. , Fortuna-Zaleśna E. , De Temmerman G. , Reichle R.
Published: January 2021

Mirror tests for ITER have been carried out in JET for over 15 years. During the third JET campaign with the ITER-like wall (2015–2016), comprising a total tokamak plasma exposure duration of 23.4 h and 1027 h of glow discharge cleaning, a new experiment was performed with a specially designed ITER-like test assembly housing six polycrystalline molybdenum mirror samples and featuring trapezoidal entrance apertures simulating the geometry of cut-outs in the diagnostic first wall of the ITER shielding blanket. The assembly was installed on the vacuum vessel wall at the outer midplane, set back radially behind the JET poloidal outer limiters such that the contact with thermal plasma should be largely avoided. The total and diffuse reflectivity of all mirrors was measured in the range 300–2500 nm before and after exposure. Post-exposure studies of mirror surface composition and of surfaces outside and inside the assembly were performed using microscopy, x-ray spectroscopy and ion beam analysis methods. The main results are: (i) no measured degradation of total reflectivity; (ii) diffuse reflectivity increased especially at short wavelengths (below 500 nm) from 1.1 to 2.7% and from 0.8%–1.3% above 1000 nm; (iii) mirrors were coated with a thin co-deposited layer (∼20–30 nm) containing carbon, oxygen and traces of nitrogen, beryllium and metals (Ni, Cr, Fe); (iv) no deuterium was detected; (v) surface composition of the mirror box inner walls was similar to that of the mirrors; (vi) ≲100 nm thick beryllium was the main component on external surfaces of the assembly. These results provide new input to ITER both for the modelling of FM erosion/deposition and for the consideration of requirements for mirror cleaning methods.
Web-based geographic information system for flood disaster using spatial autoregressive method
Authors: Nurrijal M A , Helen A , Abdullah A S
Published: January 2021

The territory of Indonesia is classified as one of the countries prone to disasters, both natural disasters and disasters caused by human activities. Flood disaster is one example of a disaster that often occurs, especially in the DKI Jakarta area. The common cause of the flooding is usually caused by high rainfall exceeding the average in general so that water sources such as rivers, reservoirs, and lakes cannot accommodate the amount of rainwater. This is also supported because the water absorption system is minimal so that it is unable to absorb excess water, causing flooding. The method used to define the relationship between various factors and the relationship between regions is to use the Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) method. In order to get a better relationship between regions, the existing spatial data will be visualized with the Geographical Information System. This research focuses on creating a web-based Geographic Information System application. Applications created using the programming language PHP and Javascript with the Codeigniter framework. The results obtained by the SAR equation to predict the height of flooding in the DKI Jakarta Province and the test results using the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) were 1.354656% while using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) was 2.157288%. Testing applications using the black box testing method was obtained by 93.35%. This shows that the SAR Model is suitable for predicting flood heights in the DKI Jakarta Province. This flood prediction can be used one year from the prediction model made.
Naïve bayes and maximum entropy comparison for translated novel’s genre classification
Authors: Aditya M A , Helen A , Suryana I
Published: January 2021

In the last two decades, novel translation had become one of the popular products among the literature community. People had favorited some genre based on their ages. The reader needs to finish reading until the end first before they could determine what genre a novel should have. There were some cases where the genre written in the description differs from the real novel’s content, which made readers felt upset and had not pleasant reading experience. This research is going to do classification for the novel’s genre automatically. Naïve Bayes is the method chosen for classification, later the result of Naïve Bayes classification is going to be compared with another algorithm, which is Maximum Entropy algorithm. Each method would apply algorithms to label the data based on an existing class. The data origin was taken from 12 translated novel that has 3746 lines. Data was portioned into three genre classes, “Action-Fantasy” for about 1293 lines, “Modern-Slice-of-Life” for 1203 lines, and 1250 for “Other”. Evaluation of the two models, Naïve Bayes and MaxEnt, would be using confusion matrix that generated the highest number precision, recall, and F-score which values were 77,52%; 75,59%; and 77,55% for the Naïve Bayes method, and 78,11%; 83,82%; and 75,81% for MaxEnt method. The value of accuracy were 72,72% for Naïve Bayes, and 71,86% for MaxEnt. Both methods showed that the genre “Action-Fantasy” was the correct genre for almost every novel among 12 novels listed.
Application of text mining employing k-means algorithms for clustering tweets of Tokopedia
Authors: Rejito J. , Atthariq A , Abdullah A S
Published: January 2021

In this current digital era, people tend to shop online. Because of that, there are currently many e-commerce companies that can satisfy the various needs of society in shopping. Each company certainly has a strategy to attract consumers to shop at their shopping place. One of the media commonly used to attract consumers is social media. Tokopedia is one of the biggest marketplaces in Indonesia and is also active in utilizing Twitter as their social media mean. Therefore, it is essential for Tokopedia to pay attention to tweet contents interesting enough to be publicized. By applying text mining using K-Means Clustering algorithm, it can be seen which types of tweet contents that are attractive for Tokopedia consumers. Out of 885 Tokopedia tweets that have been collected, a clustering is then done using K-means algorithm, resulting 48 cluster tweets. Then, from the 48 clusters, they are further grouped into 5 major groups. Based on the results of the grouping, it can be seen that the most interesting content deals with quiz prizes and the least attractive content is on lifestyle.
Risk factors analysis of depression in early stage of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Indriana N F , Abdullah S
Published: January 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease and affects about 2-3% of the population of age 65 years or over, worldwide. One of the symptoms that often occurs in patients with PD is depression in about 40-50% of them and is very common in early stages of the development of PD. Numerous studies have been conducted with various results in identifying risk factors for depression in PD patients. While, the mechanism of depression is not yet known in detail in PD patients. In this study, a decision tree method was used to differentiate PD patients who underwent depression from those who did not and identify risk factors associated with the depression. We propose the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique (SMOTE) to handle imbalanced class in the data. Data on 257 patients with early stage of PD in the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database were used. The overall important risk factors associated with depression in patients with early-stage of PD are alpha synuclein (α-syn) levels, gender, SEADL (Schwab & England - Activities on Daily Living) score, STAI (State & Trait Anxiety Inventory) - State score, putamen binding ratio on the left side of the brain, RBDSQ (REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder-Questionnaire) score, and age when diagnosed with PD. The accuracy, precision, and recall of the model are 95.18%, 92.15%, and 94.12%, respectively. Moreover, the AUC and F1 score are 0.949, and 0.9312, respectively, supporting the high accuracy of the resulting model.
Improving student’s complex problem solving through LAPS-Talk-Ball learning integrated with interactive games
Authors: Asfar A M I T , Asfar A M I A , Sulastri S
Published: January 2021

One of the competencies needed currently is non-routine competency in solving a complex problem. Students with complex problem solving will be able to identify the complex problem, understand to review related information, and create solutions for the problems. However, the improvement of complex problem-solving abilities lacks attention. This phenomenon occurs when students are given problem-solving, students have not been able to understand the problem, plan solutions, and provide solutions to problems. To overcome these problems, the LAPS-Talk-Ball learning model integrated with interactive games that guide the students in solving problems was implemented by using interactive games and speech balloons to stimulate each student to express their ideas. This research is quantitative experimental research to determine the success of the LAPS-Talk-Ball learning model integrated with android-based interactive games in training complex problem-solving students using saturated sampling and non-equivalent control group research designs. From the results of gain test results high improvement category, which means that the LAPS-Talk-Ball learning model integrated with android-based interactive games can train the complex problem-solving abilities of students.