bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A VOZ QUE ECOA NA AMAZÔNIA: SINGULARIDADES NARRATIVAS DE DALCÍDIO JURANDIR
Authors: Barbosa Wilson Ferreira
Published: March 2021

Tendo como leituras principais Lukács (1965), Watt (2010) e Bakhtin (2010) para estudar os romances que possivelmente apresentem problemas na sua elaboração, sejam de ordem do conteúdo ou da forma, o romance Chove nos campos de Cachoeira, de Dalcídio Jurandir (1909 – 1979), cuja primeira edição é de 1941, é meu objeto de trabalho. Essa obra em vários momentos foi considerada ora sem qualidades literárias ora elevada ao porte das grandes criações. Mais do que verificar as qualidades e os defeitos desse romance de feição regionalista, que está em sua  8ª. edição, lançada em 2019, o objetivo aqui é realizar uma leitura ampla dos elementos da narrativa para averiguar em que medida esse escritor paraense contribui para a formação da literatura brasileira, em especial da literatura amazônica, e o quanto se inseriu na problemática de sua época, tanto em relação às escolhas literárias quanto a utilização de elementos locais.
DIÁLOGO POLÊMICO NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO MARAJÓ-PA: ANÁLISE DE UM RELATÓRIO DE ESTÁGIO
Authors: Silva Herodoto Ezequiel Fonseca da
Published: March 2021

Este artigo pretende analisar o modo como o diálogo polêmico entre as culturas acadêmica e local é instaurado em um relatório de estágio produzido por um aluno-professor do PARFOR Letras do Marajó-PA. O embasamento teórico para a abordagem desse dialogo entre as referidas culturas está baseado em Bhabha (1998) e Canclini (2013), no campo dos estudos culturais, e em Bakhtin (2013), Maingueneau (1997) e Authier-Revuz (1990; 2004), no campo dos estudos discursivos. Analisa-se, enunciativa e discursivamente, a análise de um graduando feita de um texto de uma aluna do 8º ano de uma escola do Marajó. O indício da relação polêmica entre as culturas acadêmica e local se dá no movimento de interdição da cultura local.
DISCURSOS SOBRE A AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA EM ÉPOCA DE PANDEMIA: “O MAL AVANÇA NAS SOMBRAS”
Authors: Rodrigues Eduardo Alves , Agustini Carmen Lúcia Hernandes , Branco Luiza Katia Castello
Published: March 2021

Inscritos na Análise de Discurso, analisamos, neste artigo, o funcionamento de articulações discursivas que metaforizam o jogo de dissimulação materializado no arquivo de leitura estabelecido sobre a Amazônia Brasileira na época da pandemia do Covid-19, uma vez que essas articulações dissimulam fatos sociais e ideológicos importantes sobre o governo brasileiro e suas condutas significadas socialmente como "(i)legais". Esse jogo dissimula, pelo funcionamento do Aparelho Ideológico de Estado, a (re)produção de "evidências naturais" que configuram sombras nas e pelas quais o mal avança, naturalizando as discursividades que sustentam sentidos de que "o lucro/economia vale mais que a vida/existência".
A AMAZÔNIA NO(S) DISCURSO(S) DOS BOIS-BUMBÁS DE PARINTINS
Authors: Narzetti Claudiana , Brandão Mileny
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo, apresentam-se resultados parciais de pesquisa em andamento acerca do(s) discurso(s) dos Bois-Bumbás de Parintins, Garantido e Caprichoso, materializado(s) nas letras de suas toadas. Especificamente, faz-se análise discursiva de um recorte do corpus da pesquisa, que consiste em sequências discursivas (versos das toadas) nas quais são empregadas as palavras-chave “floresta” “natureza”, “mata”, “selva”, “Amazônia”. A questão geral é: a acentuada rivalidade entre os dois Bois-Bumbás correlaciona-se a relações de oposição e conflito também no discurso? A questão específica é: qual o discurso deles sobre a floresta? O referencial teórico é o da AD francesa derivada dos trabalhos de Michel Pêcheux. A metodologia da pesquisa é comparativa/contrastiva, seguindo trabalhos pioneiros em AD na França (1960-70). Os resultados indicam que os referidos Bois-Bumbás não apenas sustentam o mesmo discurso sobre a Amazônia, mas também discursivizam os mesmos objetos de discurso.
ECOS DE “O BARBA AZUL” NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE: ADAPTAÇÕES LITERÁRIAS E CINEMATOGRÁFICAS
Authors: Sylvestre Fernanda Aquino , Costa Cynthia Beatrice
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho reflete sobre a reverberação na contemporaneidade do gótico em “O Barba Azul”, compilado por Charles Perrault em 1967, por meio do exame de dois contos – “The glass bottle trick” (2001), de Nalo Hopkinson, e “The last one” (2005), de Robert Coover – e dois filmes – Barbe Bleue (2009), de Catherine Breillat, e Elizabeth harvest (2018), de Sebastian Gutierrez. Investiga-se a hipótese de que, ainda que narrativas pós-modernas promovam transgressões com relação ao texto tradicional, o conflito de poder entre as personagens permanece mais ou menos inalterado. A discussão do artigo tem como suporte a noção de adaptação (HUTCHEON, 2013), interpretações mitológicas e psicanalíticas (ESTES, 1999; TATAR, 2004; CORSO e CORSO, 2006; BETTLEHEIM, 2010) e os estudos sobre reinterpretações pós-modernas de contos de fadas (BACCHILEGA, 1997, 2013).
DIÁRIO DE UM ANO INCERTO: REPRESENTAÇÕES DO TEMPO EM 1984, DE GEORGE ORWELL
Authors: Cardoso André Cabral de Almeida
Published: March 2021

Para além da vigilância e da opressão, um elemento central do mundo distópico de 1984 é a contínua reescritura do passado e a tentativa de criar um presente sem fim em que o domínio do Partido seria eterno. No entanto, o passado continua a surgir para assombrar o presente através das lembranças pessoais de Winston Smith, o protagonista do romance, ou na própria crença do Partido de que o passado define o futuro. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar como algumas convenções do gótico são rearticuladas em 1984 para dar forma a representações do tempo ligadas ao ocultamento e à fantasmagoria, que, por sua vez, apontam para os problemas associados a uma temporalidade moderna.
QUANDO O CASTELO GÓTICO ENCONTRA A UTOPIA DIGITAL: O CASO DE SAN JUNIPERO
Authors: Donada Jaqueline Bohn , Vescia Zanini Claudio
Published: March 2021

O artigo apresenta uma análise de San Junipero, episódio da série Black Mirror que transcorre em universo alternativo que promete diversão e alienação eternas através de festas, música dançante e jogos de fliperama. San Junipero se destaca no panteão da série devido a seu suposto final feliz, que contrastaria com o tom sombrio dos outros episódios. Entretanto, a leitura aqui apresentada sustenta não apenas que San Junipero mantém o tom lúgubre que caracteriza a série, mas que o faz a partir da convergência de elementos da ficção científica, do gótico e da distopia. Tal conjunção nos leva a sugerir que apesar de seu onirismo festivo, San Junipero é um espaço de aprisionamento que congrega a morbidez dos espaços góticos e a aura tecnológica da ficção científica, o que resulta na desesperança distópica.
DE FANTASMAS A LUGARES ASSOMBRADOS: MURTHER AND WALKING SPIRITS À PENUMBRA DO GÓTICO PÓS-COLONIAL
Authors: Lopes Sebastião Alves Teixeira , Pontes Neto Pedro Silva
Published: March 2021

Possibilitados de se manifestar, os sujeitos pós-coloniais usam diversas estratégias para recontar suas histórias. Como objetivo desse artigo, buscou-se observar como esses sujeitos pós-coloniais se expressam e como se dá a busca por identidade(s), a partir da análise de um romance do gênero gótico, Murther and walking spirits, do canadense Robertson Davies, que apresenta várias facetas do pós-colonialismo, explorando vários pontos de vistas. Bhabha (1994), Rudd (2010), Young (2001), Freud (2003), Sedwick (1986), entre outros, constituem o aporte teórico. As personagens de Davies transitam por diversas eras e espaços, expondo a visão de sujeitos pós-coloniais em um país que ainda hoje se encontra ligado à coroa britânica, ao mesmo tempo que é constantemente sobreposto pelo poderio econômico e cultural dos EUA, encontrando-se no limiar de mundos.
Effects of Impact Speeds, Fall Postures and Cortical Thicknesses on Femur Fracture by Incremental Element Deletion Based Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Cui Yangyang , Xiang Dingding , Shu Liming , Liao Zhenhua , Zhang Zhilin , Liu Weiqiang
Published: March 2021

Numerical simulation of the proximal femur could provide an effective
approach to predict the femoral fracture risk. However, most of the
extant numerical simulations are static simulations, which cannot
accurately reflect the dynamic growth process of cracks. In this study,
the dynamic simulation by incremental element deletion (IED) based
finite element analysis (FEA) was developed on femur fracture analysis
and compared with two widly-used approaches (XFEM and USDFLD). It was
also evaluated using the in-vitro loading test. Moreover, the effects of
different impact speeds, fall postures, and cortical thicknesses on
fracture types and mechanical responses were investigated. Impact speeds
cause different crack propagation behaviors of the femoral neck. Falling
forward was less likely to cause proximal femoral fracture compared with
falling backward. The model with thin cortical bone was prone to
fracture. These provides a theoretical basis and method for predicting
femoral fracture risk in the elderly.
Advances in the simulation of nutrient dynamics in cold climate agricultural basins: developing new N and P modules for the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling Platform
Authors: Costa Diogo , Pomeroy John , Brown Tom , Baulch Helen , Elliott Jane , Macrae Merrin
Published: March 2021

Excess nutrients in aquatic ecosystems is a major water quality problem
globally. Worsening eutrophication issues are notable in cold temperate
areas, with pervasive problems in many agriculturally dominated
catchments. Predicting nutrient export to rivers and lakes is
particularly difficult in cold agricultural environments because of
challenges in modelling snow, soil, frozen ground, climate, and
anthropogenic controls. Previous research has shown that the use of many
popular small basin nutrient models can be problematic in cold regions
due to poor representation of cold region hydrology. In this study, the
Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling Platform (CRHM), a modular modelling
system, which has been widely deployed across Canada and cold regions
worldwide, was used to address this problem. CRHM was extended to
simulate biogeochemical and transport processes for nitrogen and
phosphorus through a complex of new process-based modules that represent
physicochemical processes in snow, soil and freshwater. Agricultural
practices such as tillage and fertilizer application, which strongly
impact the availability and release of soil nutrients, can be explicitly
represented in the model. A test case in an agricultural basin draining
towards Lake Winnipeg shows that the model can capture the extreme
hydrology and nutrient load variability of small agricultural basins at
hourly time steps. It was demonstrated that fine temporal resolutions
are an essential modelling requisite to capture strong concentration
changes in agricultural tributaries in cold agricultural environments.
Within these ephemeral and intermittent streams, on average, 30%, 31%,
20%, and 16% of the total annual load of NO,
NH, SRP and partP occurred during the episodic snowmelt
freshet ~9 days, accounting for 21% of the annual
flow), but shows extreme temporal variation. The new nutrient modules
are critical tools for predicting nutrient export from small
agricultural drainage basins in cold climates via better representation
of key hydrological processes, and a temporal resolution more suited to
capture dynamics of ephemeral and intermittent streams.
Bayesian merging of numerical modeling and remote sensing for saltwater intrusion quantification in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Tran Anh Phuong , Pham Chien , Le Phong , Nguyen Thanh Thuy , Tran Cuong , Pham Hai
Published: March 2021

Saltwater intrusion has become one of the most concerning issues in the
Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) due to its increasing impacts on
agriculture and food security of Vietnam. Reliable estimation of
salinity plays a crucial role to mitigate the impacts of saltwater
intrusion. This study developed a hybrid technique that merges satellite
imagery with numerical simulations to improve the estimation of salinity
in the VMD. The salinity derived from Landsat images and by numerical
simulations was fused using the Bayesian inference technique. The
results indicate that our technique significantly reduces the
uncertainties and improves the accuracy of salinity estimates. The
Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient is 0.73, which is much higher than that of
numerical simulation (0.69) and Landsat estimation (0.67). The
correlation coefficient between the merged and measured salinity is
relatively high (0.75). The variance of the ensemble salinity errors
(2.57 ppt) is lower than that of Landsat estimation
(3.65 ppt) and numerical simulations (8.69
ppt). The proposed approach in this study shows a
great potential to combine multiple data sources of a variable of
interest to improve its accuracy and reliability wherever these data are
available.
(0091) Control of Open end Induction Motor by Multi-objective GA based Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM to reduce Zero Sequence Currents and Torque Ripples
Authors: Milewski Jaroslaw , koppolu kalyan kumar , Anuradha K , Kalavathi M Surya , Szczęśniak Arkadiusz
Published: March 2021

A Double inverter powered induction motor with open stator winding has
few benefits, including excessive error forbearance functionality, great
flexibility and lesser rating of dc input voltage etc. For this
Configuration, two types of Modules can implement they are Non-isolated
DC link and Isolated DC link. In these two, Non-isolated DC link is a
good choice due to effective DC-link utilization and ruggedness, which
is very beneficial in many applications. However, this module produces
more zero sequence currents (Z-SC) by means of common mode (CMMD)
voltage, which flows through Dc bus. The circulation of Z-SC must as
little as feasible since it merely does rise the amplitude of currents
in all phases. High ripple frequency of currents and torque, In addition
resulting extra loss, which not alone reduces the efficiency, but
loading ability and quickens the aging of drive. The triplen harmonics
can denote meticulously as harmonics with integer of three times the
frequency at fundamental, when they are in Phase in all Phases forms the
Z-SC. In this paper, a novel SHE method is chosen to target triplen
harmonics in Single DC Source Module (Non- isolated) and holding
preferred fundamental quantity, which aids in improving the torque
handling ability of the motor. In addition, the investigation of dual
inverter fed OEW-IM with both common DC source as well as separate DC
sources also explored by SHE for different number of switching angles
and variable Modulation Index (MI) towards the torque ripples and Z-SC
reduction are given. The foremost challenge related with SHE method is
that resolving a set of higher order nonlinear equations with number of
variables. A Multi-objective GA method provided for that challenge which
effects the reduction in Z-SC so that torque ripples will be minimised.
Moreover, the novel SHE method reduces more number of harmonics than the
conventional SHE, which further decreases TH-D with decent fundamental
quantity. For validation, the essential mathematical formulations and
simulation results presented.
An inventory system for varying decaying medicinal products in healthcare trade
Authors: Kumar Kamal , Kumar Neeraj , Meenu M
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces an inventory system for declining medicinal products under the effect of inflation with price-sensitive demand. Usually, pharmaceutical inventory systems assume the deteriorating rate as constant, which is insignificant and illogical because healthcare products medicines and drugs deteriorate significantly. Thus, the deteriorating rate of medicinal products is supposed to be time-dependent and to follow three-parameter Weibull distribution. The lack of commodities is permitted with the rate of partial backlogging. This research work develops a model to optimize the total average cost of the items by calculating the ordering quantity and the optimum time intervals. Finally, through a numerical example, with sensitivity analysis, we demonstrate the effect of different parameters.
Improvement of purification technology of the liquid waste from fermentation production
Authors:   Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies, Krusir Galina , Sagdeeva Olga ,   Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies, Tsykalo Alfred ,   Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies, Vilhovska Yuliia ,   Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies, Shpyrko Tatyana ,   Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies
Published: March 2021

One of the areas of waste disposal of fermentation industries is anaerobic fermentation and biogas production, which becomes increasingly attractive for researchers not only because of the global energy crisis but also the environmental one. Biogas production is based on methane fermentation fundamentally different from other types of fermentation, which creates certain difficulties in its implementation on a large scale. Therefore, the development of innovative energy and resource-saving technologies for the processing of liquid waste from fermentation industries is an urgent task for the development of the domestic food industry. The aim of the work is to develop, theoretically substantiate and experimentally test the technology of processing liquid waste from fermentation plants.
To the problems of wastewater treatment from mineral pollutants with the use of microalgae
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Dyachok Vasil , Mandryk Solomiia ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Huhlych Serhiy ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: March 2021

This article presents the results of experimental studies on the use of Chlorella microalgae for wastewater treatment from the most common mineral pollutants. The influence of the mineral pollutants, namely anions HSO3- , NO3 - , H2PO4 - on the dynamics of wastewater treatment has been established. Analytical dependences of microalgae biomass growth rate depending on pollutant concentration HSO3- , NO3 - , H2PO4 - and are obtained. The values of biomass growth coefficients at the corresponding pollutant concentrations are determined. Based on the obtained experimental research results, mathematical models have been constructed that allow predicting the maximum values of mineral pollutants concentrations at which effective wastewater treatment by chlorophyllsynthesizing microalgae is possible. The technological scheme of wastewater treatment from mineral pollutants and the mechanism of the obtained application biomass are proposed.
Optimum collection and concentration strategies of hydrobionts excess biomass in biological surface water purifying technologies
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Malovanyy Myroslav , Tymchuk Ivan ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Balandiukh Iurii ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Soloviy Christina ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Zhuk Volodymyr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kopiy Maria ,   Ukrainian National Forestry University, Stokaliuk Oleh ,   Lviv State University of Life Safety, Petrushka Kateryna ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: March 2021

The analysis of perspective collection and concentration technologies of excess biomass in the technologies of wastewater and surface water biological treatment with the use of aquatic organisms has been carried out. The scheme of a life cycle of the aquatic organisms in wastewater and surface water treatment technologies has been proposed. The analysis of technological approaches for biomass collection of three types: aquatic plants and macroalgae; aquatic plants with a developed root system and microalgae of aquatic organisms has been carried out. A strategy for concentrating microalgae has been proposed. The high efficiency of the coagulation-flocculation gravitational thickening method of freshwater microalgae suspensions of the Microcystis aeruginosa species has been confirmed in laboratory conditions.
The Development of Conservative Slavophile Trends in N. Danilevsky’s Creative Work
Authors: Pushkin Sergei N.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the various contemporary scholars’ assessments of referring the early Slavophiles’ to liberal and liberal-conservative directions of the Russian philosophic thought. While defining Slavophiles’ ideological legacy as one of the most significant sources of Danilevsky’s views, the author analyses the transformation of liberal-conservative ideas into conservative. Paying special attention to the thinker’s attitude not only toward the constantly noted by Slavophiles contradictions between Europe and Russia but to the hostility of the former towards the latter, the author emphasizes that having revealed the major trends of Slavophile’s ideas, Danilevsky transforms them into an integral conception of cultural-historic types. The article substantiates that both aspects of the thinker’s creative work do not conflict with each other, but on the contrary, sufficiently and intrinsically augment one another.
Factors Associated with Achievements of the Hong Kong Wheelchair Fencing Team
Authors: TSAI Eva , LAU Sik
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Wheelchair fencing took root in Hong Kong in the early 1980s. Within a short span of 20 years, Hong Kong wheelchair athletes had worked themselves to world-class standards. In the Sydney 2000 Paralympics, the Hong Kong wheelchair-fencing team captured 4 gold, 2 silver, and 2 bronze medals. These were the best results ever achieved. In order to understand this phenomenon, perceptions of possible factors associated with this were explored. These factors include: Perceived Positive Outcomes, Organizational Support and Family Support.八十年代初開始，輪椅劍擊運動已於香港紮根發展起來。短短二十年間，香港輪椅劍擊運動員已攀升至國際級的水平。於2000年悉尼傷殘奧運會中，香港輪椅劍撃隊更創出史無前例之四金、二銀、二銅的佳績。為了解此現象，本文將探討各個可能之誘因，包括：正面結果之認知、機構組織的支持以及家庭的支持。
Sport Participation Motives in Primary School Students
Authors: WONG Ann Po Chun , CHEUNG Siu Yin
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of this study was to investigate the sport participation motives for primary students in Hong Kong. The subjects of this study were 9 to 13 years old Primary 4 to 6 students, with 89 males and 216 females (N=305). The Participation Motivation Questionnaire (Gill, Gross & Huddleston, 1983) was utilized to examine the sport participation motives (Achievement/ Status, Team, Fitness, Energy release, Skill, Friends, Fun and Miscellaneous) and the sport participation pattern. 2x2x2 ANOVA was utilized to find out the mean differences on motivational factors for males and females with different age group in different type of schools (whole day and half day). Results showed that males had significantly higher mean score on miscellaneous factor than females, the younger age group had significantly higher mean scores on fun and friends factors than the older age group; and the whole-day primary school students had higher mean scores on team, friends and miscellaneous factors than the half-day primary school students. No interaction effect was found on age group and school type on motivational factor. Independent T-test was utilized to examine the mean difference on motivation factors for sport participants and non-sport participants. Results showed that sport-participants had significantly higher mean scores on team, fitness, energy release, friends and fun factors than non-sport participants.本研究目的為探討小學生參與運動的動機及其參與運動的形式。研究對象為9至13歲之小四至小六學生，共有89位男學生及216位女學生參與(總數=305)。是次研究主要透過問卷調查小學於參與運動中所能獲得之成就動機(成就感、團體精神、強健的體魄、宣洩精力、技術、朋友、快樂及其他因素等八方面)。研究結果顯示隨著年齡的增長，小學生參與運動的情況明顯地減少。男女生在其他因數方面亦有明顯的差別；就讀全日制的小學生在團體精神，朋友及其他因數等方面較就讀半日制的小學生為高。而年輕的學生於團體精神朋友及其他運動動機較年長的學生為高。本研究並無發現年齡與學校授課時間的長短於參與運動的動機有著交互影響。在空閒時間參與運動的小學生於技術、體魄、宣洩精力、朋友及快樂等運動動機方面較沒有參與運動的學生有著較高的分數。
Reasons for Retirement and the Influence of Retirement on the Life Adjustment amongst Hong Kong Elite Athletes
Authors: DU May Mei , TSAI Eva
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

In recent years, there is a growing interest amongst researchers regarding athletes’ retirement. While research in this area in western countries is slowly building, research in Hong Kong athletes has gained little attention. The present study examined Hong Kong elite athletes’ reasons for retirement and the influence of the retirement reasons on their perception of general life satisfaction and adjustment quality which reflected how well they adapted to their post-retirement life. Analysis of self-administered questionnaires from 75 retired athletes suggested that important reasons for their retirement were difficulties in coordinating sport and study or working demands, and physiological (e.g., injury, age) and financial reasons. Most of them perceived the transition out of sport as a smooth experience. Financial, physiological and burnout (tired of the lifestyle) reasons for retirement were found to be significantly negatively associated with athletes’ general life satisfaction. The more they retired due to the three kinds of reasons, the less satisfied they felt toward their current life.

近年來對於運動員退役的研究越來越多，特別是在西方國家，但是對於香港運動員退役的研究相對較少。本研究調查了香港精英運動員退役的原因及這些原因對他們適應退役後生活的狀況及總體生活滿意度的影響。根據75份問卷分析發現大多數香港精英運動員退役是由於難以協調運動訓練與工作或學習的時間，以及生理和經濟的原因。較多受訪者認為退役轉型的過程較為順利。研究還發現，出於經濟原因、生理原因(例如：傷病、年齡)、和厭倦運動訓練生活而退役，對於運動員退役後總體生活滿意度，有顯著的影響。而出於這三種原因而退役的運動員，對自己的總體生活滿意度則較低。
Effects of Fructose-Electrolyte-Antioxidant Vitamin Commercial Sports Drink Ingestion on Muscle Damage and Energy Metabolic Response during Exhaustive Exercise
Authors: CHAN Kuei Hui , LIN Sin Yin , LIU Jen Fang , HSU Mei Chich
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of drinking a fructose -electrolyte- antioxidant vitamin commercial sports drink on muscle damage and energy metabolic response. A randomized double-blind controlled cross-over study was designed. Eight untrained healthy males completed twice cycling exercise of 70% VO2 max until exhaustion. During exercise subjects took of 170 mL commercial sports drink or placebo every 15 min. Concentrations or activities of CK, CK-MB, glucose, lactate, SOD, GSH and MDA+4-HNE in blood were measured pre-exercise (Pre-Ex), at 30 min during exercise (Ex-30), and exhaustion (Post-Ex). There were no significant differences in the antioxidant status parameters between the two treatment groups. However, the CK and CK-MB activities at Post-Ex in the supplement group were significantly lower than the values in the placebo group. The plasma lactate concentration at Ex-30 in the supplement group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group (5.6±3.4 vs 7.1±3.4 mmol/L, p<0.05). The blood glucose concentration at Post-Ex in the supplement group was significantly higher than the value in the placebo group (6.2±1.4 vs 4.710.5 mmol/ L, p<0.05). In conclusion, ingesting the commercial sports drink used in this study alters energy metabolic response during exercise and may attenuate the degree of muscle cell damage.

本研究之目的在探討攝取含果糖、電解質及抗氧化維生憲的市售飲料對肌肉損傷及能量代謝反應的影響。研究以8位未受過訓練的健康男性為對象，採雙盲、交叉設計。受試者以70% VO2 max的強度進行腳踏車運動至力竭，運動期間每15分鐘補充170毫升的市售飲料或安慰劑，並於運動前、運動中30分鐘及運動採集血液測量其中之肌酸激酶、葡萄糖、乳酸、超氧化物歧化酶、穀胱甘肽及丙二醛。結果顯示二組間之抗氧化能力並無差異，但補充劑組在運動後的CK及CK-MB活性與運動中30分鐘的血乳酸值均顯著低於安慰劑組(p<0.05)；且運動後的血糖值亦顯著高於安慰劑組(6.2 ±1.4 vs 4.7 ±0.5 mmol/L，p<0.05)。此結果證實補充市售之運動飲料可改變運動中的能量代謝反應及減少肌肉損傷。
Evaluation Model for Teaching Quality of Physical Education
Authors: HUNG Chang Hung , SU Jung Chi , CHEN Wen Tzung
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

This study seeks to build an evaluation model for physical education. Based on the concept of physical education quality, the questionnaire for physical education is constructed. Binominal probability distribution theory is applied to evaluate the proportion of the degree of importance and satisfaction for physical education. To evaluate the quality of physical education, the PZB concept proposed by Parasurman, Zeithaml and Berry (1985) is used to test the difference between the proportion of the degree of importance and satisfaction. Each quality performance item of education could be evaluated by figuring out the difference between the proportion of the degree of importance and satisfaction, therefore the improvement or correction could be taken if needed.

本研究旨在建構一套體育教學品質評量模式，首先以體育教學品質概念作為體育教學品質問卷建構的基礎，並以二項分配理論衡量體育教學要項的重視度比例與滿意度比例，接著以PZB服務品質落差的概念，檢驗滿意度比例與重視度比例的落差，來評估體育教學品質的良窳。教學單位只須依教學品質要項的滿意度比例及重視度比例的落差，即可評量出各教學要項的品質績效，並針對須要改進的要項進行改善。
Impact of Music on Pacer Test Performance, Enjoyment and Workload
Authors: DEUTSCH Joe , HETLAND Kristen
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to establish what effect music has on students PACER test performance as well as their enjoyment of the test and perceived workload. Subjects were 72 boys and girls, age 9–11. Subjects completed the 20 meter multi-stage (progressive) cardiovascular fitness test known as the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) on three consecutive regularly scheduled class periods. At the conclusion of each test, students filled out a SelfRated Performance survey answering a number of questions about their perceived enjoyment as well as performance level. Each time the test was performed a different version was used, including a mild tempo, a higher tempo music as well as one with no music at all. Results indicated that the fewest participants regardless of gender attained their best score with the non-music version of the test [boys=8 (22%) and girls = 9 (28%]. The boys scored their highest scores on the mild tempo (n=17; 46%) while girls scored highest with the high tempo (n=13; 41%). When comparing test results to SRP scores, significant differences between each of the music versions compared to the non-music version existed (for no music versus mild, P=0.031; for no music versus faster, P=0.025). To conclude, students perform better cardiovascular when music is present. Boys perform better with milder tempo music while girls perform better on the higher tempo. Boys and girls also both enjoy the test more and perceive themselves to have worked harder when music is present as opposed when it is not.
Analysis on History and Cultural Background of Chinese Tai Chi Soft Ball
Authors: LI En jing , LAM Michael Huen sum , LOUIE Lobo , LI Sam Sai sum
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

Tai Chi Soft Ball is a young Chinese sport with distinctive ethnic characteristics. It has profound cultural connotation and philosophy, and blends traditional sport and modern competitive sport into a unity. Deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture, the sport developed rapidly in the last 20 years, and loved by people all over the world. The aims of this paper are to provide 1) a comprehensive historical and cultural background of Tai Chi Soft Ball and; 2) a solid theoretical foundation for this ancient but young sport and; 3) systematic review on Tai Chi Soft Ball in scientific evidence based research.

太極柔力球是一項由中國人發明的，具有深厚文化內涵和哲理，融傳統(太極)運動方式與現代競技雙重特徵於一體，具有鮮明民族特色的新興體育運動項目。太極柔力球運動的產生正是受到中國傳統文化的深刻影響，才能在短短的20年時間裡成井噴式發展，並為世界各國人民所喜愛。此文章全面研究太極柔力球運動產生的歷史文化背景，以及有系統地回顧世界各地太極柔力球運動的循證研究，為這一既古老又年輕運動的發展尋找更加堅實的理論基礎。
Preliminary Study on Primary Physical Educators' Attitudes toward Integrated Physical Education: Hong Kong Perspectives
Authors: LI Chunxiao , CHEN Shihui , TSOI Wing See Emily
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

The aim of the survey was to examine the attitudes of general primary PE teachers toward integrated PE and the relationships of gender, teaching experience, and class size. Eighty three teachers participated in the survey. The results indicated a neutral attitude towards integrated PE by teachers. There was a significant difference between male and female teachers in their perception of whether “students with disabilities like my teaching” (p = 0.018), but no significant differences with other attitudes by gender. There was a significant difference between teachers’ teaching experiences and their perceptions of whether “Little support offered to integrated PE” (p = 0.006), however, no significant differences with other items by experience. There was also a relationship between perceived teaching competency and class size (p < 0.001, r = 0.454). The results were mainly discussed in relation to teaching competency, support, teaching experience and class size.

本研究的目的在於探討香港主流小學體育教師融合體育教學態度。83位小學體育教師回應了本次調查。通過分析發現教師對於融合體育教學持較為中立的態度。文章最後主要對融合體育態度與教學效能，支援，教學經驗和班級大小的關係進行了討論。
Coaching Behaviours and Philosophy of High Performance Secondary School Basketball Coaches
Authors: CRUZ Albert
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

The purpose of the study was to examine the coaching behaviours and philosophy of four high performance secondary school basketball coaches during their in-season practice sessions. A mixed-method approach was used to identify the coaching behaviours used by the four coaches in the practice environment and to generate an insight into the rationales that underpinned their use. They were videotaped and observed coaching four practice sessions with their own teams. The videotaped sessions were coded using the Arizona State University Observation Instrument (ASUOI) (Lacy & Darst, 1984). Data generated by the ASUOI provided information of the percentages of coaching behavioral categories of the coaches. The four coaches were interviewed after their practice sessions. Qualitative data were collected through field observations and interviews. Constant comparison and analytic induction were used to organize and categorize the data. Data analyzing attempted to provide explanations and rationales for their coaching behaviours and philosophy in the practice sessions. Findings of the study helped to provide a more holistic understanding of the coaching behaviours and philosophy of high performance basketball coaches. This information is invaluable and significant in the training and advancement of both apprentice and veteran coach in basketball as well as other sports areas.

本研究目的是探究四位出色表現中學籃球教練在賽季訓練時的教練行為及哲學理念。研究方法是採用混合模式去識別教練行為及其背後理念。教練被錄影及觀察四節球隊訓練課。訓練課利用ASUOI觀察系統分析教練行為及提供行為百分比資料。四位教練於訓練課後接受訪談。以持續比較法分析歸納訪談及觀察數據說明教練行為及哲學理念原因。研究結果協助全面理解教練行為及哲學理念。此等資料對於培訓新手及經驗籃球教練及其他運動教練圽為重要。
Building a Global Community: Camp Adventure in the People's Republic of China
Authors: EDGINTON Christopher R. , LI John S. C.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract in Chinese only.
作者透過本文介紹由美國北愛奧華大學與中國廣州體育學院合辦的青少年求生訓練營。這訓練營於1996年營營暑假在廣州市舉行。對象為來自當地三間小學，年齡6至12歲的學生。訓練營的舉辦目的營在於建立所大學未來的合作和交流的橋樑，並且籍著妥善而有系統的訓練課程和活動，培養青少年合作，溝通，和領導等才能。訓練營共有六節，每節維持五天，分別在廣州市三所小學輪流進行。訓練計劃內容包括遊戲；運動；唱歌；語言訓練；藝術及手工藝；戸外和水上活動等。
Practices of Hong Kong Primary Physical Education Teachers after Four Years of Teaching
Authors: CRUZ Alberto
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

Teachers may change their teaching practices and develop differently during their teaching lives. Occupational socialization model was used as the theoretical framework of this study. The purpose of this study was to examine the teaching practices of three primary physical education teachers after four years of teaching and seek explanations for the practices. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect data in the study. The participants were videotaped and observed teaching four ball game lessons in their own schools. The lessons were coded using the Physical Education Teacher Assessment Instrument. Data generated were compared to lessons observed four years before using the same categories. Qualitative data were collected through lesson observations and interviews before and after they taught. Constant comparison and analytic induction were used to organise and categorise the data. The trustworthiness of the study was established by using triangulation, peer debriefing and member checking. The results indicate that the teachers adjusted their teaching focus and modified their practices after four years. Explanations are given here for the modifications of practice. The findings provide invaluable information for physical education teacher educators in the preparation of both pre-service and in-service physical education teachers.

本研究旨在探討三位小學體育教師四年教學後的教學實踐。資料以混合研究法蒐集。參與者會被觀察錄影四課球類教學。教學以體育教師評估工具分析。數據會與四年前所觀察比較。質量數據是透過課堂觀察及教學前後訪談收集。資料以持續比較及分析歸納組織和分類。研究信實度以三角檢正、同儕審視和參與者檢核建立。結果顯示四年後教師調整修改教學焦點及實踐，研究員探討其調整實踐原因。此等為培育職前和在職體育教師的寶貴資料。
Do School Administrators Know What Practices are Appropriate in Physical Education?
Authors: BARNEY David , PRUSAK Keven A.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

The purpose of this study was to investigate school administrators’ knowledge of appropriate instructional practices in physical education. For this study 130 k-12 school administrators from two states in the United States were surveyed regarding their knowledge of appropriate instructional practices in physical education. University Institutional Review Board granted approval to conduct this study. Surveys were sent electronically to the school administrators to take. At the completion of the survey the school administrators were able to click a submit button and have the surveys returned to the researchers. It was found that school administrators identified dodge ball, relay races and elimination tag as an appropriate instructional practice. Also, full-sided games (30 students divided into two teams) were appropriate for students to participate in. These instructional practices are considered inappropriate for students to participate in. The implications of this study are to inform school administrators what practices are appropriate and inappropriate. It is hoped that physical educators and school administrators will work together to see that appropriate instructional practices are taught in physical education, thus benefitting students to become competent in their participation in physical activity.

本研究的目的是探討學校管理者對體育的教學實踐知識。在這項研究中，邀請兩個州份的130位 K-12學校行政人員進行調 查，並獲大學機構審查委員會准許進行這項研究。調查以電子方式發送給學校管理者採取。結果發現，學校的管理者確定躲避球和接力賽作為適當的教學實踐。希望體育教師和學校管理者將共同努力，看到合適的體育教學實踐，從而惠及學生參與體能活動。
Inappropriate Practices in Physical Education: The Top Eight Repeat Offenders
Authors: BARNEY David , PRUSAK Keven , STRAND Brad , CHRISTENSON Robert
Published: March 2021

The National Association of Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) have created three documents (elementary, middle school and high school) to guide physical educators in appropriate instructional practices (AIP) in physical education. The purpose of these documents is to aid physical educators in exposing their students to lessons and activities that will enable them to be successful in physical education classes and physical activity. Unfortunately, many students have been exposed to such activities as dodge ball, having captains picking teams in front of the whole class, and many others. This paper is a review of research dealing with appropriate instructional practices in physical education with a multitude of different populations. From these different populations, eight instructional practices have been repeatedly misidentified. These eight repeat offenders will be discussed.
Be Fair to Physical Education Teacher: Subject-Specific Approach to Teacher Evaluation
Authors: LAM Bill Chi Biu
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Studies done to validate most teacher evaluation systems depend on establishing the content validity of the observational instrument. The studies usually consist of a comparison between the general job description of teachers and the behaviors listed as items on the measurement tool as well as input from teachers on the importance of the behaviors included. This study attempted to assess the validity using the same two types of data, i.e. expectations for effective teaching and teacher input. However, the study took the validity issue one step farther by developing a list of effective teaching behaviors in one particular subject, namely physical education. The study asked for open-ended teacher input on what constitutes effective teaching in physical education rather than asking the teachers to respond to an established set of items.要使教師教學表現評估制度成爲有效，就必要使其評估制度所採用的視學工具擁有有效的量度內容。這方面的研究通常將視學工具裏的量度內容跟教師的一般工作內容作一比較，並捜集教師對視學工具中所提的教學行爲所抱的意見。本研究正是以此類資料，評估「教學表現評估」的效度。作者還藉這比較提出一系列體育教師應有的高效教學行爲。
The Curriculum of Physical Education and Moral Education
Authors: YEUNG Siu Wing
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Recently, much emphasis has put on the training of physical fitness in Physical Education (PE) subject. In fact, one of the most important objectives of PE is to promote the qualities of desirable moral behaviors, co-operation in communal life and the ability of making moral judgment in students. PE is a significant media to provide real life situations for students to re-exercise the moral reasoning and reappraise the value of PE. This coincides with Kohlberg's theory (1987) that moral reasoning has to go through the process of re-evaluation of own value system in different situations, thus achieving a balance and fostering the advancement of a person's level of moral reasoning. This essay discussed the relationship between moral education and PE, and the way to implement moral education in PE is suggested.近年來，體育科的發展多集中在體能方面，對於其他方面的發展則略嫌忽略，道德發展正是其中一環。體育科正正能夠作為一個極之有效的媒介，讓學生有機會重覆遇上兩難的情景，而進行重覆練習道德思維判斷，尋找出一個在內心世界的平衡點 — 體育的價值。這個歷程正符合近代心理學家勞倫斯郭耳堡(1987)的認知道德發展模式，當一些價值在實際選擇情景中發生衝突時，道德價值的認知便邁向評量價值更具批判責任的一步，這樣便能提升個人的道德思維層次。這篇文章就是探討兩者的關係。
Nutritional Knowledge and Beliefs between Fitness Room Users and Swimmers
Authors: MA Regine
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The main purposes of the present study were to investigate the situation of nutritional knowledge and beliefs of 73 adults fitness room users (FRU) and 58 adult swimmers (SWR) and the ranged in age from 18 〜 65 years. Subjects selected from 5 different health clubs and swimming pools. It included community, commercial or corporate center and located at Hong Kong Island or Kowloon. A total 131 of adults completed the questionnaires, which included (a) background information, (b) multiple choice nutrition knowledge questions and (c) true-or-false nutrition belief statements. 2X2 ANOVA and Pearson correlation were utilized to analyze the different in between the nutritional knowledge and beliefs in exercise groups and gender. Results show that the FRU and SWR scores of nutritional knowledge and beliefs were low and no significant differences were found between exercise groups and gender. Only significant difference in relationship in nutrition knowledge and belief on swimmer group was observed.此研究目的是探討成人健身室使用者(N=73)及游泳人仕(N=58)們對營養知識及飲食信念的情況。從五間不同的健體會所及游泳池中邀請受訪者完成一份問卷調查。受訪對象的年齡介乎18至65歲。此五間會所位於香港及九龍等地，會所形式包括：社區，私人及公司所屬之會所等。共131人完成此問卷調查，而問卷分為三部份；甲部：個人資料，乙部：營養知識及丙部：飲食信念。營養知識以多項選擇的提問方式，而飲食信念以是與否作判斷問題的真確性。用2x2ANOVA 及Pearson的相關系數分析兩運動組別及性別對營養知識及飲食信念之差別。結果指出健身室使用者及游泳人仕們對營養知識及飲食信念的分數也低。唯游泳人仕對營養知及飲食信念有相互關係。
Study of Values in Indian Male Athletes
Authors: SINGH Bhupinder
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Values and attitudes are the guiding force of one's behavior. His preferences and priorities are based on his attitudinal leaning which originate from the values prevailing in his close environment. Sport by its nature is a social activity in which large number of people are involved and interact for the shared purpose. Human beings learn to be social beings, because an individual affiliates and reaffiliates with different sports groups, resulting in the change of value system. These observations prompted the author to investigate the values of Indian male athletes. The sample of the study comprised 809 male athletes drawn from 14 different sports disciplines, undergoing regular diploma course at SAI NS NIS Patiala & Gandhinagar. The age of the subjects ranged between 18-30 years and Modernization Scale by Singh et al (1987) standardized on Indian population was administered to collect the data. The results revealed that inter game differences existed in marriage, educational and global values.運動的價值及對運動態度有關的研究多受到社會因素和環境的影響，人類懂得從運動中領略到價值的重要。本文旨在調查印度男性運動員對運動價值的觀點，受訪的809名18至30歲的男性運動員中，發現他們在婚姻及敎育的觀點上出現顯著分別。
Self-Esteem Development Through the Physical: In Search of the Theoretical Underpinning
Authors: CHOW Edward Wah
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.School physical education is potentially able to help school children develop positive self-esteem because it provides the contexts for fulfilling the innate need for effectance, optimal challenges, and self-determination. In this paper, self-esteem was conceptualized to be multidimensional and hierarchical with its development following a bottom-up cognitive model. It was suggested that self-esteem development is self-directed in that, firstly, actual physical competence does not directly affect self-esteem but is subjectively interpreted and received to become physical self-perception that in turn affects self-esteem, and secondly, different individuals may adopt different conceptions of success and thus hold different standards for self-evaluation. Hence, the relevance of achievement orientations to selfesteem development through the physical was also discussed.學校體育提供機會，讓學童提升效能、挑戰自我、發揮自決、從而滿足其本能需要，具提升自尊之潛力。本文指出自尊屬多度向、多層級、具自我調控之心理結構。通過個人主觀的理解和認受，一切身體能力先要轉化成身體自我觀，然後才影響自尊。本文亦指出，不同人對所謂成功有不同理解，並因而採用不同標準評價自己；同時，目標取向與提升自尊的關係亦為本文之討論重點。
Physical Fitness and the Development of Mass Sport
Authors: FU Frank H.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.As a city became more urbanized and industrialized, the health and quality of life of the residents changed. As a result of changing lifestyle and eating habits, coronary heart disease (CHD) has become a leading cause of death in many countries. It was found that among the various behavior-related CHD risk factors, physical inactivity was the most important independent factor. Although some researches indicated that the correlation between physical fitness and physical activity was low in children, this relationship increased with age. Current consensus suggests that people are aware of the importance of good health and the need to develop an active lifestyle as a primary prevention program against CHD. The present paper will attempt to discuss the importance of promoting physical fitness and developing mass sport in light of current research findings in this area.城市日益都市化及工業化，而居民的健康及生活質數也隨之改變，因生活的方式及飲食習慣的改變，在很多發達國家，冠心病更成為死亡的頭號殺手。研究所得，在眾多與冠心病連上關係的危基因素之中，身體不常活動是其中一個最主要的因素。雖然，有部份研究顯示，兒童身體適能與身體活動量之相關性很底。而此關係亦隨著年齡而增長。基於此概念，人們應有注重身體健康的意識及在日常生活當中，盡能安排可提高身體活動量之活動，以防止出現冠心病危基。此研究內容討論推廣體適能與重要運動之發展。