bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pterygoid Implants for Maxillofacial Rehabilitation of a Patient With a Bilateral Maxillectomy Defect
Authors: Bidra Avinash S. , May George W. , Tharp Greggory E. , Chambers Mark S.
Published: January 2011

Bilateral maxillectomy is known to have serious esthetic and functional consequences. The retention and support of a maxillary obturator prosthesis in these patients is particularly challenging. Surgical placement of implants is also challenging because of the lack of available bone. Therefore, implant placement into remote sites such as zygoma has been advocated. Very few articles in the literature have discussed the use of pterygoid/pterygomaxillary implants in patients undergoing maxillectomy. This case report describes the maxillofacial rehabilitation of an elderly man who underwent a bilateral subtotal maxillectomy due to basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate. After initial healing, the patient had a pterygoid implant placed on each side of the oral cavity. Zygomatic implants were also attempted, but they failed to osseointegrate. Both pterygoid implants showed successful osseointegration. These 2 implants significantly helped to retain a hollow maxillary obturator prosthesis that aided in improved swallowing, speech, and esthetics. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in the literature that describes usage of pterygoid implants for rehabilitation of a patient undergoing bilateral maxillectomy.
Flexible Urban Drainage Systems
Authors: Eckart J. , Sieker H. , Vairavamoorthy K.
Published: January 2011

Urban drainage systems are influenced by several future drivers, which affect the performance as well as the costs of the systems. The review of the different future drivers for urban drainage systems illustrates, that no sufficient future predictions for the long operational life span of the systems are possible. To deal with these future uncertainties flexible urban drainage systems are required. The paper combines different analysis of the authors, to ascertain first insights about flexible urban drainage systems. In the present technical literature profound insights about definition, measurement and generation of flexibility for urban drainage systems are missing. Hence the theory of flexibility from other disciplines is transferred to the field of urban drainage. A theoretical basis for flexible urban drainage systems is presented. The thematic priority is the generation of flexibility options for urban drainage systems. On the one hand in an analysis it is verified, that decentralised urban drainage systems offer a higher flexibility than conventional drainage systems. On the other hand a generic framework for the planning and measurement of flexibility options of urban drainage systems in individual cases is presented. The paper illustrates, that a transfer of the general theoretical background of flexibility to the field of urban drainage systems is possible. A definition of flexibility, metrics for the measurement of flexibility and a framework for the identification of flexibility options are substantiated for urban drainage systems. Therewith a basis for the implementation of flexible urban drainage systems is offered.
Wastewater Collection System Optimization for Cost-Effective and Sustainable Capital Improvement Planning
Authors: Wilson J. I. , Smith P. J. , Witt A. , Canning M. E.
Published: January 2011

One of the greatest challenges facing water utilities when developing wastewater planning strategies is to find solutions that are not only cost effective in the short term but that also provide the desired level of service over the life of the infrastructure. Uncertainties in future population forecasts, climate change impacts, rates of system deterioration and accuracy of hydraulic model calibration can have a significant impact on planning solutions. A powerful new decision-support approach is now being used to evaluate wastewater collection system improvement alternatives and select cost effective inflow and infiltration (I/I) reduction targets. This planning approach assists wastewater management professionals in developing capital improvement plans which meet affordability constraints while maintaining sufficient flexibility to accommodate future uncertainties. This paper describes the application of genetic algorithm (GA) optimization to collection system master planning and gives an overview of how it has been used by Johnson County Wastewater (JCW) since 2007 for planning upgrades to the Turkey Creek wastewater collection system in Kansas, USA.
Treatment of Variable Water Sources: Adaptations for a Flexible Desalination System
Authors: Chapman Michelle , Leitz Frank
Published: January 2011

There are a number of locations where a utility would want to be able to treat multiple sources of water with one treatment system. Those that the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) has come across recently are:The Texas Gulf Coast where brackish surface or groundwater is available for much of the year but only seawater is available during dry seasons;South central California where the character of the irrigation drainage water changes with the intensity of irrigation;Inland desert areas where the composition of brackish surface and groundwater is significantly different when augmented with storm water.

Reclamation assisted the US Office of Naval Research in development and demonstration of the Expeditionary Unit Water Purifier system which can produce 378 m3/day (100,000 gal/day) of potable water from any liquid source water up to 60 g/L TDS under 35°C. The system was tested under the Environmental Technology Validation (ETV) program overseen by NSF International for the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Test water sources were seawater, turbid surface water, and tertiary wastewater. As a complete system, it performed well with each source. It was only capable of 50% recovery of water however. Because of this, the system has been turned down for potential emergency applications due to the excessive loss of water. This issue occurring at the same time as the three situations mentioned above prompted a proposal to design a flexible system that could be adapted to achieve high water recovery when the feed source allows while still maintaining the capability of recovering energy when the remaining concentrate pressure allows.
Storm Sewer Infrastructure Planning with Climate Change Risk: The City of Alexandria Virginia Case Study
Authors: van der Tak L. , Pasteris P. , Traynham L. , Salas C. , Ajello T. , Baker Emily
Published: January 2011

The City of Alexandria, Virginia, has experienced repeated and increasingly frequent flooding events attributable to old infrastructure, inconsistent design criteria, and perhaps climate change. The purpose of this project is to provide a program that, over a period of up to 5 years, will analyze storm sewer capacity issues, identify problem areas, develop and prioritize solutions, and provide support for public outreach and education. The purpose of the first task was to review and propose revisions to the City's stormwater design criteria, including benchmarking of design criteria from neighboring jurisdictions, updated precipitation frequency results, evaluation of climate change risk. This paper summarizes potential changes in intensity, duration, and frequency (IDF) values, as well as sea level rise values, that were determined based on the results of general climate models paired with a range (low to high) in greenhouse gas emission scenarios. In addition, modeling of stormwater capacity under current design storm and projected storm intensity for the year 2100 are presented.
Enhancing Efficiency of Full-Scale Ultrafiltration Membrane Treatment for Increased Capacity and Lower Operating Costs
Authors: PE M.C. White , Kosterman M.J.
Published: January 2011

At time of commissioning, the Racine, Wisconsin, USA ultrafiltration (UF) membrane treatment system fail short of meeting its operational goals concerning capacity and chemical cleaning intervals. The systematic optimization of this 189-million-litre-per-day (MLD) capacity UF system provided tangible operational benefits, which included a 30-percent reduction in power use, a 50-percent reduction in chlorine chemical use, a 36-percent reduction in citric acid use and a simultaneous 7-percent increase in net treatment capacity of the system. In addition, the optimization program reduced the level of buildup of foulants on the surface of the membranes. This paper summarizes the optimization procedures followed at Racine, discussing how similar measures may be applicable to other water treatment facilities.
Septic Tank Effluent Treatment by Subsurface Horizontal Flow Wetland
Authors: Pandebesie Ellina S. , Arie Ni Wayan Budi
Published: January 2011

Domestic wastewater treatment in Indonesia, mostly treat by using septic tanks. The use of septic tanks preferred by the public because of the design, construction, and maintenance are easy and more economical for the system of domestic wastewater disposal. Effluent from the septic tank still contains BOD about 100 mg /l, COD about 250 mg/l and TSS about 100 mg /l. This effluent is still dangerous to public health and is not fulfill wastewater effluent standards yet. If there is open space available, extended treatment of septic tank effluent can be done by field infiltration. This open space must suitable for infiltration without contaminating the ground water or well water. In urban areas with ground water level is high such as Surabaya, water infiltrate into the ground causing the problem. Problems that arise are due to pollution of ground water and surface water contaminated by effluent from the septic tank. Because of these problems, it would require an alternative treatment of septic tank effluent. Appropriate technology would be a simple, economical, easy in operation and maintenance. One of wastewater processing that can be applied to the septic tank effluent is a constructed wetland system.

Previous research carried out by using Cyperus papyrus plant with sand media in batch experiments showed satisfactory results. In this study, experiments conducted by using Cyperus papyrus plant with sand media with continuous flow in a horizontal subsurface flow wetland method. Wastewater flows with varying flow 90 ml /min and 180 ml /min. The objective of this research is to determine the ability of a horizontal subsurface flow wetland for treating septic tank effluent. The parameters analyzed were BOD and TSS. The results show the relation of organic loading rate with BOD removal efficiency. The highest organic loading rate of 0.051 kg BOD/m2.d on first day observations has BOD removal efficiency of 73.63% and the lowest organic loading rate of 0.029 kg BOD/m2.d with an efficiency of 70.82%. This shows that BOD removal efficiency is affected by organic loading rate. If BOD loading rate increase, it will decrease BOD removal efficiency. Organic loading rate recommended for domestic wastewater is 0.037-0.4 kg BOD5 /m2.d. Although in this study the organic loading rate exceeds the above recommendations, but efficiency is still good, above 70%.
Baffled Septic Tank with Anaerobic Filter (BASTAF) and Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland for Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Viet-Anh , Morel Antoine , Tonderski Karin
Published: January 2011

The decentralized wastewater management utilizing existing infrastructure and low-cost natural treatment processes has a large potential in Vietnam. Centralized wastewater collection and treatment systems are often not affordable. Currently the septic tank is the most common on-site wastewater treatment facility in Vietnam. Nevertheless it has a limited treatment performance. The Improved Septic Tank, also known as Baffled Septic Tank with or without Anaerobic Filter (BASTAF or BAST) represents a valuable and promising alternative to the conventional septic tank. Results of laboratory- and pilot-scale research on BAST and BASTAF systems show that at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 days the 3-chamber BAST followed by Anaerobic Filter significantly increased the removal efficiencies in terms of BOD, COD and TSS in comparison with a conventional septic tank of the same size. Average treatment efficiencies of 80–90% in terms of BOD, COD and TSS can be achieved. Another component of the study showed that post-treatment of BASTAF effluent in a 2-stage vertical flow constructed wetland (CW) planted with locally available macrophytes allowed the achievement of level A, Vietnamese standard for wastewater discharge in terms of COD, BOD5, TSS, TN, NH4-N and T-P. Results of this study are now being implemented in different provinces inVietnam.
Gender- and Poor-inclusive Community-managed Sanitation and Hygiene in Urban Indonesia
Authors: Mozar R. , Sijbesma C.
Published: January 2011

The Government of Indonesia executed the Indonesia Sanitation Sector Development Program (ISSDP, April 2006 - January 2010), with financial support from the Governments of the Netherlands and Sweden, as well as management support from the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program (WSP). The program assisted a dozen cities to improve sanitation in a wider sense. It covered safe disposal of human excreta and waste water, local drainage, solid waste management and promotion of hygienic practices. The program was demand-based: the cities brought in their own human and financial resources, but got technical assistance for sanitation situation assessments and mapping, sanitation strategy and program development, and finding additional resources for increased implementation.

The program had three major thrusts: (1) develop an enabling sanitation environment, (2) raise sanitation awareness and promote good hygiene, and (3) build city sanitation planning capacities and develop city sanitation strategies. The promotion component included development of poor-inclusive sanitation intervention, assisting men, women and children in the poorest neighborhoods to strengthen good and improve bad sanitation and hygiene conditions and practices.

Community empowerment is important in urban sanitation development, but at the same time, requires that the social and technical institutions in charge of empowerment and sanitation adopt new skills and techniques for working with communities. Without the right skills to assist the communities, build their skills, and provide some minimal monitoring of performance afterwards, there is a risk of over-expecting what a community can manage. Community empowerment with gender- and poor-inclusive approaches must be integrated into all stages of urban sanitation development, i.e. (1) the organizational development, (2) review of related existing projects and services, (3) formulation of an overall city sanitation strategy and program, and (4) local project planning. Equitably attention for gender and poor is part of the overall organization, strategy formulation, local action planning, program and projects development and implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of outputs, outcomes and impacts.
Sustainable Sanitation as a Part of an IWRM in the Karst Area of Gunung Kidul: Community Acceptance and Opinion
Authors: Nayono S. , Singer M. , Lehn H. , Kopfmüller J.
Published: January 2011

To overcome the problem of water scarcity in a rural karst area located in Gunung Sewu, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, water from an underground cave (Bribin Cave) is pumped and distributed to the people. Since karst aquifers are often considered as highly vulnerable to contamination from human activities, potential problems caused by current sanitation and hygiene practices in the recharge region must be anticipated. About 90% of the people in the recharge area use pour flush syphon toilets with poorly designed septic tanks and the rest have simple pit latrines. However, the existing septic tanks are very poorly designed and are actually only improved infiltration pits.

One possible option to reduce the risk of aquifer contamination is to promote sustainable sanitation, which combines hygienic aspects with recycling of nutrients from human feces and urine. Sustainable sanitation comprises different technologies including low cost technology, which can be afforded by the community and provide economic benefit to the low income inhabitants in Gunung Sewu. The technology proposed is urine diverting and composting toilets. This paper presents the existing condition of rural domestic wastewater treatment and the opinion/ acceptance of the community in karst area of Gunung Sewu towards urine diverting and composting toilets. The results of the survey shows that although the acceptance of using the composting toilet is not high (25% to 43%), the interest of the community in using the end product is relatively high. While the acceptance of composting fertilizer from feces (humanure) ranges from 37% to 57%, urine fertilizer attracts 42%-71% respondents' interest.
Empowering the Urban Poor to Solve their Sanitation Problem
Authors: Ismawati Yuyun,
Published: January 2011

SANIMAS (Sanitasi oleh Masyarakat) or Sanitation by Community is a nation-wide sanitation program for urban poor settlements in Indonesia and has already been implemented since 2003. Population density in urban settlement range between 600 to more than 1000 people per square km, which provides no room for proper sanitation infrastructures. The decentralized, communal, community-managed and cluster wise approach to solve sanitation problems in such high density has many types of challenges: technical, environmental, social and financial. Therefore there is the need to have concerted efforts for a careful yet reliable, high quality standard design, good supervision, sustainable operation and maintenance, as well as for continual monitoring and improvements.

In the past, water and sanitation facilities in urban poor settlements were built for quantity and appearance not for quality and performance. As a result most of the infrastructures collapse and disfunction only a couple of months after the construction has been handed over to the community. Leaking or bottomless septic tanks are usually the reality and lack of maintenance is a common problem as no community committee is assigned to oversee or monitor the facilities.

As a national program, SANIMAS is implemented in more than 70 urban poor community clusters or approximately 8,000-10,000 people every year which previously identified as unserved population. It is implemented in sequences of activities and accomplished only by good team work, guided by standardized steps. All team members, coordinators, field facilitators, technical team, relevant government officers and community committees must build and maintain good coordination and communication.

Several capacity building packages are designed for and delivered to different groups to ensure that implementation steps are understood by the relevant team members. Various training modules are developed and delivered to technical teams, senior facilitators, field facilitators and community committees. Each training aims at communicating the minimum standard activities required to accomplish the program.

To ensure that facilities serve their function in a sustainable way, a monthly community participatory monitoring has been designed. That way technical, environmental, financial and institutional aspect is mainly monitored by the community in assistance of team members. The monitoring results are used as inputs for improvement, local policy development and strategy. This paper shows that through the decentralised sanitation approach, a sustainable sanitation service for the poor is possible.
Mainstreaming DEWATS and the Subsequent Need to Introduce a Quality Management System
Authors: Fladerer Frank
Published: January 2011

Numerous pilot- and demonstration projects for appropriate waste water management solutions for the urban poor in developing countries have been conducted and can be considered as good practices. In order to have a chance to achieve the MDGs it is urgently necessary to scale those pilot implementations up and reach a mass dissemination.

However, the task to multiply those pilots and mainstream the “good practice” to become mass dissemination is a challenge where most approaches have failed so far.

The paper reflects on the experiences gained in Indonesia during the up-scaling of DEWATS implementation by a community of practitioners. It shows the process of the development of “good practices” from a small number of applications to a “Quality Management System with internal certification” for large numbers of implementation packages.

The main components of the system are:The Quality Management System for technical aspects of DEWATS planning and implementationThe Certification system for Human resources who occupy key positions in the implementation process of DEWATSThe Certification system for the implemented DEWATS service packagesThe organizational setup to maintain such a system.

The paper describes each of those components as well as the challenges and lessons learned during its application.
City-wide Planning for Decentralized Basic Needs Services (DBNS)
Authors: Kraemer P. , Balachandran B.R. , Haran S. , Pai R. , Prochaska C.F. , Sachdeva R.
Published: January 2011

The speed of urbanization is putting enormous pressure on the cities in developing countries to keep up with the provision of basic services like housing, energy and water supply, solid and liquid waste management, social, educational and cultural institutions etc. Decentralized basic needs services (DBNS) are proven supplements to existing (centralized) systems to improve cities service performance. However, a successful integration of DBNS options in the traditional domain of centralized services requires its inclusion in cities' development plans.

From a city manager perspective to opt for DBNS, a detailed assessment on the extent of the services that could be provided through DBNS, their price as well as other possible implications is required. Such assessment will need to include also details of policy and institutional changes/adaptations requirements, information/awareness needs, possible fiscal incentive, etc.

The presented city-wide DBNS planning methodology aims at providing a first guide on how to conduct such assessment, focusing on some of the most pressing basic services. The resulting City-wide DBNS plan targets to be a work document for city managers. It provides a clear overview of the ground situation of the selected DBNS and provides prioritized intervention plans for key DBNS related stress areas of the city.
Capacity Building - A tool for Up-scaling Decentralised Sanitation Infrastructure Provision
Authors: Kraemer P. , Sinha S.
Published: January 2011

India is home to almost one-third of the world's population that survive without adequate sanitation facilities. Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association (BORDA) in collaboration with the Consortium for DEWATS Dissemination (CDD) Society, has developed for the last 10 years, integrated solution packages for the provision of basic urban sanitation facilities. The customised packages include all or part of key sanitation elements like: toilets, decentralised wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS), health and hygiene education, solid waste management, drainage system, stakeholder participation measures.

Over the last decade, with the support of its network partners CDD Society has been successful in delivering around 400 sanitation systems in South Asia. Due to the rapid growth of its population, India may require 1.3 million sanitation systems alone in the coming years. One of the key issues in meeting this huge target is the lack of trained professionals and implementing agencies.

To upscale the efforts in delivering basic needs services in the sanitation sector, the Basic Needs Services (BNS) Network has started the establishment of a capacity building institution for decentralised sanitation solutions called Centre for Advanced Sanitation Solutions (CASS). CASS aims at providing the entire range of knowledge and skills required for the implementation of integrated sanitation solutions such as technical know-how for designing toilets, decentralised wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS), drainage systems, solid waste management and drinking water source protection; social support measures include health and hygiene education, community-based participatory planning tools as well as project management related aspects. For town and city managers, CASS will offer planning support for city and town-wide sanitation programmes. Furthermore, sanitation related R&D activities, knowledge management and exhibition is offered under CASS's ‘One-Stop-Shop’ concept; all components of sanitation are provided under one roof.

This paper presents the basic components of the capacity building strategy developed by CDD/BORDA focusing on target groups, development of knowledge units (training module) and the didactical approach.
Healthcare Reform: A Prescription for the 2010 Republican Landslide?
Authors: Saldin Robert P.
Published: January 2011

Less than two years ago, Barack Obama was sworn in as president amidst proclamations of a partisan realignment. But in this falls midterms, scores of his fellow Democrats lost their jobs. The best evidence suggests that Obamas signature accomplishmentpassage of a healthcare reform bill that had long eluded progressivesplayed a key role in the historic defeat. It also highlighted the delicacy of partisan regimes, particularly those prematurely designated as realignments by academic or popular observers.
Formulation, Drying and Nutritional Evaluation of Ready-to-Eat Sapota (Achras zapota) Extrudes
Authors: Chaughule Vivek Avinash , Jangam Sachin Vinayak , Thorat Bhaskar Narayan
Published: January 2011

One of the most interesting and desirable of all tropical fruits is sapodilla, a member of the family Sapotaceae. In the present study, a new and economical method has been developed for value addition to this fruit into a neutraceutical ready-to-eat formulation using drying as the main step. The drying of sapota fruit was carried out in two steps. In the first step, blanched sapota pulp was partially dried (up to moisture content 32 percent w/w on wet basis) in a convective dryer. The effect of different additives on the drying kinetics was studied and then proper drying conditions were selected. In the second step, different nutritional additives of interest were mixed with this partially dried pulp; subsequently, this mixture was extruded to a variety of shapes, which were finally dried using either a convective dryer or a fluidized bed dryer. The product quality was compared on the basis of color retention, texture, water activity, glucose content, total protein content, bulk density, water solubility index, water absorption index and sensory analysis. The process has a great potential since it is economical and provides a great value addition to the highly perishable sapota fruit.
Isothermal vapour-liquid equilibria in cyclohexanone + dichloroalkane binary mixtures at temperatures from 298.15 to 318.15K
Authors: Dragoescu Dana , Barhala Alexandru , Teodorescu Mariana , Chiscan Daniela
Published: January 2011

The vapour pressures of binary mixtures of cyclohexanone + dichloroalkane
(1,3-dichloropropane and 1,4-dichlorobutane) were measured at temperatures
between 298.15 K and 318.15 K. The vapour pressures vs. liquid phase
composition data were used to calculate the activity coefficients of the two
components and the excess molar Gibbs energies GE for the mixtures, using the
Barker method and the Redlich-Kister, Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC equations,
taking into account the vapour phase imperfection in terms of the 2nd virial
coefficient. No significant difference between the GE values obtained with
these equations was observed.
QSAR-CoMSIA applied to antipsychotic drugs with their dopamine D2 and serotonine 5HT2A membrane receptors
Authors: Avram Speranta , Duda-Seiman Daniel , Borcan Florin , Wolschann Peter
Published: January 2011

Antipsychotic drugs are psychiatric medication primarily used to manage
psychosis (e.g., delusions or hallucinations), particularly in schizophrenia
and bipolar disorder. First and second generations of antipshychotics tend to
block receptors in the brain's dopamine pathways, but antipsychotic drugs
encompass a wide range of receptor targets. The inhibition constant, Ki, at
the level of membrane receptors is a major determinant of their
pharmacokinetic behavior and, consequently, it can affect their antipsychotic
activity. Here, predicted inhibition constants, Ki for 71 antipsychotics,
already approved for clinical treatment, as well as representative new
chemical structures which exhibit antipsychotic activity, were evaluated
using 3D-QSAR-CoMSIA models. Significant values of the cross-validated
correlation q2 (higher than 0.70) and the fitted correlation r2 (higher than
0.80) revealed that these models have reasonable power to predict the
biological affinity of the 15 new risperidone and 12 new olanzapine
derivatives in interactions with dopamine D2 and serotonin 5HT2A receptors;
these compounds are suggested for further studies.
Incentive Compensation and Promotion-Based Incentives of Mid-Level Managers: Evidence from a Multinational Corporation
Authors: Ederhof Merle
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT: This study re-examines the hypothesis that explicit, compensation-based incentives of mid-level managers are adjusted to the level of implicit incentives provided by the possibility of moving to higher-level positions. Using compensation data from a large multinational corporation, I find that, after controlling for the position’s scope and level of accountability, bonus-based incentives are stronger for managers who (1) have fewer organizational levels left to climb, (2) face weaker implicit incentives from getting promoted to the next level, and (3) face weaker implicit incentives from getting promoted to the top of the organization. The findings are consistent with the notion that implicit incentives are taken into consideration in the design of explicit incentive contracts. In particular, the results support the prediction that explicit incentives are optimally stronger in situations with weaker implicit incentives.
Distribution of Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Syndrome in a Korean Population
Authors: Kim Soyeun , Cho Belong , Lee Hyejin , Choi Kyojoo , Hwang Seung Sik , Kim Donghee , Kim Kyoungwoo , Kwon Hyuktae
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the correlation between abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults after adjusting for the effects of visceral adipose tissue (VAT).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The SAT/VAT ratio (SVR) was calculated using abdominal computed tomography in 2,655 subjects. We used regression analyses to assess whether the SVR predicted MetS.

RESULTS

For both sexes, the prevalence of elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL, and elevated fasting glucose significantly decreased with increasing quintiles of SVR (P for trend < 0.05). The prevalence and odds ratios of MetS significantly decreased as the SVR increased (men: odds ratio 0.5 [95% CI 0.3–0.7]; women: 0.2 [0.1–0.5] for comparisons of lowest vs. highest quintile; P for trend < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

After adjustment for VAT, abdominal SAT was inversely correlated with the occurrence of MetS.
Elevation of 1-Hour Plasma Glucose During Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing Is Associated With Worse Pulmonary Function in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Brodsky Jill , Dougherty Shayne , Makani Ramkrishna , Rubenstein Ronald C. , Kelly Andrea
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE

Cystic fibrosis (CF)-related diabetes (CFRD) is associated with declining pulmonary function and increased mortality. During oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), CFRD is defined by 2-h plasma glucose (PG2). We hypothesized PG elevations during OGTT resolving by 2 h, not meeting CFRD criteria, influence pulmonary function in CF. Thus we investigated the frequency of elevated 1-h OGTT PG (PG1) and its relationship with pulmonary function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Retrospective review of OGTTs was performed between August 2005 (annual screening initiation) and June 2008 at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia CF Center. First-time, well state OGTTs (PG0, PG1, PG2) were analyzed. Additional data collected were: percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), BMI percentile, lung bacterial colonization, age, and sex. OGTTs were categorized as normal (PG2 <140 mg/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (PG2 140–199 mg/dL), CFRD (PG2 ≥200 mg/dL), and indeterminate glycemia (INDET) (PG1 ≥200 mg/dL and PG2 <140 mg/dL). Frequency of PG1 ≥140 but <200 mg/dL was also noted. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess associations between percent predicted FEV1, BMI percentile, and OGTT PG.

RESULTS

OGTTs (101) were available (59 male/42 female; age 5.8–22 years, percent predicted FEV1 = 94.5 ± 18%, BMI percentile = 52 ± 25%). With the use of PG2, 91 OGTT were normal, eight were IGT, and two were CFRD. With the use of PG1 (n = 89), 39 OGTT were normal, 36 were PG1 ≥140 <200 mg/dL, and 14 were PG1 ≥200 mg/dL. PG1 was negatively associated with percent predicted FEV1, adjusting for BMI percentile (P = 0.009, R2 0.13). Percent predicted FEV1 was not associated with PG0, PG2, age, sex, or lung bacterial colonization.

CONCLUSIONS

PG elevations at nontraditional OGTT times are common in CF. The association of increasing PG1 with worse pulmonary function suggests early PG abnormalities may be deleterious or an early marker for worsening disease and will be missed if CFRD diagnosis focuses on PG2.
Hydatidiform mole mimicking an enlarged uterine fibromyoma four months after ART
Authors: Terzic Milan , Dotlic Jelena , Maricic Sanja , Babovic Ivana
Published: January 2011

Hydatidiform mole is a pregnancy disorder, of a benign nature. We present a case of molar tissue within a uterine myoma, the first such entity reported in the literature. In May 2006, a thirty-eight year old infertility patient was admitted for myomectomy. She had anamnesis for chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and surgeries performed for tubal pregnancies. After the sixth intracytoplasmal spermatozoa injection procedure performed in January 2006, she conceived, but curettage was performed in March 2006 for a missed abortion. Following the routine preoperative evaluation in May 2006, four months after the last artificial reproductive technology procedure, myomectomy was performed as uneventful operation, but the histological report appeared unusual, showing degenerated chorionic villi within the uterine myoma. Molar tissue within uterine myoma might evolve even after artificial reproductive procedures. Furthermore, this finding might be misinterpreted as a fibromyoma degeneration. This is the first, and a unique case, of molar tissue within uterine myoma reported in the literature.
Management of metastatic neck node in thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Rashid Md Shazibur , Bhuiyan Mohammad Ashequr Rahman , Islam Mohammad Shafiqul , Siddiquee Belayat Hossain
Published: January 2011

Objective: To see the results of neck dissection in thyroid carcinoma with metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy. Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, for the period of two years from July 2006 to June 2008. Carcinoma thyroid patients with neck node were included in this study. Results: Mean age of the patients were 43.5 years. Mean follow up period was 15 months. In cases where radical or modified radical neck dissections were done no recurrence were found. Recurrences were found in 13.33% cases where selective neck dissections were done. Overall recurrence in anatomical neck dissection is 7.40% only. But in berry picking recurrence rate is 66.66% cases. So in berry picking locoregional control of disease is less satisfactory than anatomical neck dissection. Conclusion: In anatomical neck dissection locoregional control of disease is significantly more satisfactory than berry picking. Key words: Thyroid carcinoma; Papillary; Follicular; Medullary; Neck node metastasis. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v16i2.6832Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 16(2): 80-85
Tracheostomy in head-neck malignancy
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammad Ashequr Rahman , Rashid Md Shazibur , Kamruzzaman Md , Islam Mohammed Shafiqul , Ahmed Khabir Uddin
Published: January 2011

Objectives: To find out the frequency ,indications and effects of tracheostomy in head-neck malignancy.Methods: Total 100 cases of head-neck malignancy that needed tracheostomy were studied in the department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck surgery of Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Begum Khaleda Zia Medical College and Shahid Sohrawardi Hospital, Dhaka.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 53.60 years. Out of 100 cases male were 86 and female were 14 with male to female ratio 6.14:1. The highest number of the subjects were related to cultivation and majority of the subjects came from poor socio-economic status. Malignancy in head-neck region is multifactorial disease. Regarding habits 71% were smoker, 21% were habituated with chewing betel nut and leaf. Only 2% were alcoholic. In 93% tracheostomy was done on an emergency basis and rest 7% was elective. Carcinoma of larynx was the most frequent indication (65%), which was followed by carcinoma pyriform fossa (28%), carcinoma base of the tongue (3%), carcinoma tonsil 2% and carcinoma thyroid gland 2%. The rate of complications was 41%. Surgical emphysema was the commonest complications (19%), which were followed by haemorrhage (7%), wound infection (4%), tube displacement (3%), tube blockage (3%), crusting (2%), stomal stenosis and subglottic stenosis (1%). No fatality was found in this study.Conclusion: The rate of complication of tracheostomy is high in patients of head-neck malignancy with respiratory distress. Key words: Tracheostomy; Head Neck Cancer. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v16i2.6847Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 16(2): 120-125
Management of papillary and follicular (differentiated) thyroid carcinoma - an update
Authors: Choudhury Md Abdul Mobin , Shaikh Md Abdul Alim
Published: January 2011

Thyroid cancers are quite rare, accounting for only 1.5% of all cancers in adults and 3% of all cancers in children. Differentiated thyroid cancer comprises 95% of all thyroid cancers. Of all thyroid cancers 74-80% of cases are papillary cancers. Incidences of follicular carcinoma are higher in regions where incidence of endemic goiter is high. Surgery is the definitive management of thyroid cancer. There is agreement that patients with large, locally aggressive or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer require total thyroidectomy but there is continuing disagreement on the most appropriate operation for 'low risk' differentiated thyroid cancer. Adjuvant treatments are thyroid hormone suppression and radioiodine therapy rather than chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Prognosis is generally excellent and is influenced by factors related to the patient, the disease and the therapy. This article reviews the basis of surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer and assesses the evidences supporting the surgical options. Key words: Papillary Carcinoma; Follicular Carcinoma; Hemithyroidectomy; Total Thyroidectomy DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v16i2.6848Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 16(2): 126-130
Multiple giant pilar cysts of scalp: A case report
Authors: Chowdhury A Allam , Salam Kazi Shameemus , Sultana Tuhin , Amin AS Ahmed , Datta Pran Gopal
Published: January 2011

A rare case of multiple giant pilar cysts on scalp. Negligency by patients, delay in treatment causing enormous size of cysts. Local excision is the modality of treatment. Malignant transformation is rare. Key words: Pilar; trichilemmal cyst; Tumour DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v16i2.6849Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 16(2): 131-135
Constitutive, but Not Challenge-Induced, Interleukin-10 Production Is Robust in Acute Pre-Pubescent Protein and Energy Deficits: New Support for the Tolerance Hypothesis of Malnutrition-Associated Immune Depression Based on Cytokine Production in vivo
Authors: Monk Jennifer M. , Steevels Tessa A.M. , Hillyer Lyn M. , Woodward Bill
Published: January 2011

The tolerance model of acute (i.e., wasting) pre-pubescent protein and energy deficits proposes that the immune depression characteristic of these pathologies reflects an intact anti-inflammatory form of immune competence that reduces the risk of autoimmune reactions to catabolically released self antigens. A cornerstone of this proposition is the finding that constitutive (first-tier) interleukin(IL)-10 production is sustained even into the advanced stages of acute malnutrition. The IL-10 response to inflammatory challenge constitutes a second tier of anti-inflammatory regulation and was the focus of this investigation. Weanling mice consumed a complete diet ad libitum, a low-protein diet ad libitum (mimicking incipient kwashiorkor), or the complete diet in restricted daily quantities (mimicking marasmus), and their second-tier IL-10 production was determined both in vitro and in vivo using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anti-CD3 as stimulants of innate and adaptive defences, respectively. Both early (3 days) and advanced (14 days) stages of wasting pathology were examined and three main outcomes emerged. First, classic in vitro systems are unreliable for discerning cytokine production in vivo. Secondly, in diverse forms of acute malnutrition declining challenge-induced IL-10 production may provide an early sign that anti-inflammatory control over immune competence is failing. Thirdly, and most fundamentally, the investigation provides new support for the tolerance model of malnutrition-associated inflammatory immune depression.
Antimicrobial Activity of Diterpenes from Viguiera arenaria against Endodontic Bacteria
Authors: Carvalho Tatiane C. , Simão Marília R. , Ambrósio Sérgio R. , Furtado Niege A. J. C. , Veneziani Rodrigo C. S. , Heleno Vladimir C. G. , Da Costa Fernando B. , Gomes Brenda P. F. A. , Souza Maria Gorete M. , Borges dos Reis Erika , Martins Carlos H. G.
Published: January 2011

Six pimarane-type diterpenes isolated from Viguiera arenaria Baker and two semi-synthetic derivatives were evaluated in vitro against a panel of representative microorganisms responsible for dental root canal infections. The microdilution method was used for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella buccae, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, Peptostreptococcus micros, Enterococcus faecalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The compounds ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid, its sodium salt and ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3β-ol were the most active, displaying MIC values ranging from 1 to 10 μg mL-1. The results also allow us to conclude that minor structural differences among these diterpenes significantly influence their antimicrobial activity, bringing new perspectives to the discovery of new chemicals for use as a complement to instrumental endodontic procedures.
A Multiple Mobility Support Approach (MMSA) Based on PEAS for NCW in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Koo Bong-Joo , Kim Seog-Bong , Park Jong-Yil , Park Kang-Min
Published: January 2011

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be implemented as one of sensor systems in Network Centric Warfare (NCW). Mobility support and energy efficiency are key concerns for this application, due to multiple mobile users and stimuli in real combat field. However, mobility support approaches that can be adopted in this circumstance are rare. This paper proposes Multiple Mobility Support Approach (MMSA) based on Probing Environment and Adaptive Sleeping (PEAS) to support the simultaneous mobility of both multiple users and stimuli by sharing the information of stimuli in WSNs. Simulations using Qualnet are conducted, showing that MMSA can support multiple mobile users and stimuli with good energy efficiency. It is expected that the proposed MMSA can be applied to real combat field.
La narrativa de Ramón J. Sender : la tentación escénica
Authors: Mainer José Carlos
Published: January 2011

Tomando un elemento formal de la narrativa de Sender — la forma teatral que acompaña o incluso reemplaza la convención novelesca — , este artículo intenta una explicación que se apoya, por un lado, en una tradición española (ilustrada por el Romancero, la Celestina, Cervantes..., hasta los más próximos Galdós, Baroja y Valle-Inclán) y, por otro, en razones que pertenecen al peculiar mundo de las ideas senderianas (sobre la conciencia de culpa, el autoanálisis de la ambigüedad moral, etc.). Desde ese punto de vista, se estudia este rasgo estructural en una novela (El rey y la reina), un relato breve (Aventura en Bethania) y especialmente en las dos versiones — escénica y narrativa — del mismo texto : el Hernán Cortés de 1940 convertido en el Jubileo en el Zócalo de 1964.
Bailando la cuerda floja : Ignacio Aldecoa entre la ética y la estética
Authors: Durán M.
Published: January 2011

Los cuentos y las novelas de Ignacio Aldecoa, quizá por ser menos brillantes y más objetivos que los textos de Juan Goytisolo, Carmen Martín Gaite, y Juan Benet, han sido algo olvidados últimamente por lectores y críticos. Merecen ser revaluados, sobre todo la novela Gran Sol, obra maestra publicada en 1957 concebida como paralelo literario al neo-realismo del cine italiano y cercana al « cine-verdad ». Es una obra sobria y objetiva que merece un lugar entre las mejores novelas de la literatura española de nuestro siglo.
García Lorca en Montevideo: una cronología provisional
Authors: Anderson A.A.
Published: January 2011

Cette étude présente la chronologie la plus complète et la plus détaillée que l'on a pu reconstruire jusqu'ici du séjour de Garcia Lorca à Montevideo (30 janvier-16 février 1934). En utilisant les informations qu'apportent les journaux uruguayens de l'époque, on peut reconstituer presque au jour le jour les activités de Lorca, publiques (conférences, etc.) aussi bien que privées. Ainsi la chronologie enrichit un corpus déjà considérable d'un bon nombre de détails biographiques inédits et témoigne en même temps de la popularité de Lorca dans les années 1930 et des pressions qui de ce fait s'exerçaient sur lui.
Intensidad y altura : Lope de Vega, César Vallejo y los problemas de la escritura poética
Authors: Armisén Antonio
Published: January 2011

La comparaison du Sonnet 70 des Rimas de Lope de Vega (Quiero escribir, y el llanto no me deja) et du Sonnet Intensidad y Altura de César Vallejo (Quiero escribir, pero me sale espuma) pose les problèmes de l'intertextua- lité, de l'écriture, ainsi que d'une commune association entre création littéraire et procréation dans leur relation à la mort. Lope de Vega se fonde sur la relation entre vie et écriture, tandis que Vallejo adapte sa perspective à l'analogie entre texte et Univers.

L'analyse métrique, syntaxique et sémantique des deux sonnets révèle la poétique de chacun des deux poètes et confirme que Vallejo fonde son attitude d'avant-gardisme sur une méditation approfondie à propos des possibilités qu'offrent forme libre et forme fermée conventionnelle et de la tension qui s'institue entre elles.
Un nouveau passage du nord-ouest (De la Langue au Discours, du sémiotique au sémantique)
Authors: Chevalier Jean-Claude
Published: January 2011

Toda teoría lingüística, bajo una u otra forma, explícita o implícitamente, distingue una Lengua y un Discurso, opone lo semiótico y lo semántico. Y entonces se plantea el problema de la transición de uno de esos campos al otro. Pero dicho problema, ¿ cómo lo suelen plantear las teorías? ¿ En qué términos ?¿ Es lícito siquiera plantearlo? ¿No resulta imposible, o totalmente artificial, la solución, debido a ciertas confusiones encubiertas por las nociones opuestas? Una definición más rigurosa de las distinciones utilizadas junto con la ayuda de la diacronía, ¿ permiten considerar como impermeables el campo de la significancia y el de la referencia! Estas son las preguntas a las que, con algunos ejemplos, trata de responder el presente artículo.