bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early detection of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: cross-sectional results of a community-based screening and referral study in China
Authors: Gong Yinv , Zhang Ying , Shen Qian , Xiao Liping , Zhai Yihui , Bi Yunli , Shen Jian , Chen Hong , Li Yun , Xu Hong
Published: May 2018

Objective

To establish an effective screening model of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) using ultrasound among neonates in Shanghai, China.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

A three-level screening model for CAKUT in neonates based on the child healthcare system was established since 2010 in Minhang District, Shanghai, China.

Participants

During 2010–2015, neonates with criteria such as preterm, low birth weight and so on were eligible to participate in the study. Cases with renal pelvis dilatation (RPD) and other abnormal renal findings were managed based on presumed strategies.

Main outcome measures

The proportion of RPD and other renal and urinary tract anomalies; number of diagnosed CAKUT under integrated management, especially obstructive uropathy. The anterior–posterior renal pelvic diameter (APRPD) cut-off points for likelihood of obstructive uropathy and need for surgery.

Results

A total of 8827 infants were consecutively screened. Absolute and relative rates of different degrees of RPD classified by APRPD were: mild (5–9.9 mm), 984 (11.1%); moderate (10–14.9 mm), 176 (2.0%); severe (≥15 mm), 20 (0.2%). Of 639 followed cases with RPD, 11 were diagnosed as obstructive uropathies. Of these, nine patients underwent surgery, at median age 2 months. A total 85.4% of mild, 62.5% of moderate and 30.0% of severe RPD cases resolved spontaneously. Other renal and urinary morphological abnormalities were diagnosed in 15 (0.2%) patients. The APRPD cut-off points for significant obstructive uropathy and need for surgery were 9.7 mm and 13.5 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

This three-level screening model is an effective and feasible strategy for early detection and intervention of CAKUT in the early postnatal period, especially for patients with high-grade RPD and other renal and urinary malformations. This strategy could be useful in China and other developing areas with limited medical resources.
Republished: Nature’s Wastebasket: The Role of the External Carotid Artery in Acute Stroke
Authors: Jones Jesse , Liang Conrad William , Ramezan-Arab Nima , Duckwiler Gary , Tateshima Satoshi
Published: May 2018

We describe a novel technical approach to acute stroke illustrated by the case of a 41 year old male who presented with tandem right common carotid artery (CCA) and M1 occlusions. His NIHSS was 17 and Alberta stroke programe early CT score (ASPECTs) was 8. Thrombectomy initially proved challenging due to large volume CCA thrombus that repeatedly occluded the aspiration catheters. However, by inflating a balloon distally and pulling clot into the adjacent ECA, we were able to quickly restore distal contrast flow to the intracranial circulation and achieve Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction/Arterial Occlusive Lesion (TICI2C/AOL3) revascularization.
Safety and efficacy of the Derivo Embolization Device for the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a multicentric study
Authors: Kraus Bastian , Goertz Lukas , Turowski Bernd , Borggrefe Jan , Schlamann Marc , Dorn Franziska , Kabbasch Christoph
Published: May 2018

Background

The Derivo Embolization Device (DED) is a novel flow diverter stent that provides increased x-ray visibility, an improved delivery system, and potentially reduced thrombogenicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the early safety and efficacy of the second-generation DED.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed all patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) treated with the DED between November 2015 and December 2017 in three German tertiary care centers. Procedural details, complications, and morbidity within 30 days after treatment, as well as the aneurysm occlusion rates after 6 months (O’Kelly–Marotta scale, OKM), were evaluated.

Results

Implantation of the DED was attempted in 42 patients with 42 aneurysms. All procedures were technically successful. Multiple DEDs were used in three aneurysms (7.2%) and adjunctive coiling in 11 (26.2%). Procedure-related complications occurred in four cases (9.5%) including three thromboembolic events and one aneurysm perforation. The morbidity rate was 2.4% and there was no mortality. One patient suffered an ischemic stroke with persistent aphasia at 30-day follow-up due to a thromboembolic infarct (modified Rankin Scale score 1). Among 33 patients (78.6%) available for angiographic follow-up, complete (OKM D) and favorable (OKM C+D) aneurysm occlusion was obtained in 72.7% (24/33) and 87.9% (29/33), respectively.

Conclusions

Endovascular treatment of UIAs with the DED is associated with high procedural safety and adequate occlusion rates. Examinations at 1- and 2-year follow-up will provide data on the long-term safety and angiographic outcomes of this device.
Exposure, respiratory symptoms, lung function and inflammation response of road-paving asphalt workers
Authors: Xu Yiyi , Kåredal Monica , Nielsen Jörn , Adlercreutz Mariana , Bergendorf Ulf , Strandberg Bo , Antonsson Ann-Beth , Tinnerberg Håkan , Albin Maria
Published: May 2018

Background

Controversy exists as to the health effects of exposure to asphalt and crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt, which contains recycled rubber tyres.

Objective

To assess exposures and effects on airway symptoms, lung function and inflammation biomarkers in conventional and CRM asphalt road pavers.

Methods

116 conventional asphalt workers, 51 CRM asphalt workers and 100 controls were investigated. A repeated-measures analysis included 31 workers paving with both types of asphalt. Exposure to dust, nitrosamines, benzothiazole and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) was measured in worksites. Self-reported symptoms, spirometry test and blood sampling were conducted prework and postwork. Symptoms were further collected during off-season for asphalt paving.

Results

Dust, PAHs and nitrosamine exposure was highly varied, without difference between conventional and CRM asphalt workers. Benzothiazole was higher in CRM asphalt workers (p<0.001). Higher proportions of asphalt workers than controls reported eye symptoms with onset in the current job. Decreased lung function from preworking to postworking was found in CRM asphalt workers and controls. Preworking interleukin-8 was higher in CRM asphalt workers than in the controls, followed by a decrement after 4 days of working. No differences in any studied effects were found between conventional and CRM asphalt paving.

Conclusion

CRM asphalt workers are exposed to higher benzothiazole. Further studies are needed to identify the source of nitrosamines in conventional asphalt. Mild decrease in lung function in CRM asphalt workers and work-related eye symptoms in both asphalt workers were observed. However, our study did not find strong evidence for severe respiratory symptoms and inflammation response among asphalt workers.
Studies on thickened tailings deposition in flume tests using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method
Authors: Gao Jinglong , Fourie Andy
Published: May 2018

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of laboratory flume tests on thickened tailings were conducted to highlight the factors that may influence the slopes of final profiles achieved in such flumes. The numerical model was first validated against the analytical solution of a sheet of Bingham fluid on a flat plane at flow stoppage. It was then used to investigate the influence of several factors on the average slopes of the final profiles. The results show that an increase of volume, energy, flume width or base angle reduces the resulting slope angle. Moreover, the yield stress of the fluid generally has more influence on the final profiles than the viscosity. In addition, the viscosity tends to have less influence on the formation of the final profiles if the inertial effects are relatively weak. Finally, two dimensionless parameters are proposed to establish the relationship between the average slope, rheological properties, and geometrical parameters for planar deposition of thickened tailings in both sudden-release (S-R) and discharge flume tests. These results provide a better understanding of the deposition of thickened tailings in the field. The agreement between simulation results and laboratory observations in the literature gives confidence in the veracity of the computational results.
Pollination dynamics in aPlatycladus orientalisseed orchard as revealed by partial pedigree reconstruction
Authors: Huang Li-Sha , Song Jiayin , Sun Yan-Qiang , Gao Qiong , Jiao Si-Qian , Zhou Shan-Shan , Jin Yuqing , Yang Xiao-Lei , Zhu Ji-Jun , Gao Fu-Ling , El-Kassaby Yousry A. , Mao Jian-Feng
Published: May 2018

Pollination dynamics was studied in a first-generation Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco seed orchard with pedigree reconstruction using eight nuclear and four chloroplast SSRs. The pedigree reconstruction assigned 371 of 448 studied seeds to one of the orchard’s 192 candidate male parents and showed a high level of outcrossing and pollen contamination in the orchard’s seed crop. While the orchard’s seed population showed greater allelic richness compared with the parental population, a few alleles present in the parental population were missing in the seed crop. Additionally, we detected no significant correlation between male reproductive energy (pollen yield) and male reproductive success; however, uneven parental contribution was also observed. Pollen management practices were recommended to ensure the maintenance of genetic diversity in the seed crops and increase in genetic gain.
Environmental and spatial factors affect the composition and morphology of tadpole assemblages
Authors: Marques N.C.S. , Nomura F.
Published: May 2018

Understanding how community compositions are affected by environmental and spatial factors are essential to provide knowledge about the distributions of species. Furthermore, these factors can play a role in species morphological variation. Tadpoles can be found in different types of aquatic microhabitats, showing a considerable amount of morphological diversity. We hypothesized that tadpole morphological diversity is controlled by ecological and spatial factors other than assemblage attributes, and that tadpole assemblage composition is affected by spatial factors. To test these hypotheses, we recorded the abundance of tadpoles from different ponds, identified eight environmental variables that represented local and landscape descriptors of the ponds, recorded the spatial coordinates of the ponds, and measured the morphological variation of assemblages. Spatial factors significantly affected the composition of tadpole assemblages, while both spatial and environmental factors affected morphological variation. The ability of tadpoles to alter their morphology in response to environmental factors might be a result of poor oviposition site choice, and this probably interacts with spatial factors to control the assemblage composition of tadpoles. Morphological variation is advantageous for tadpoles because it allows them to adjust their morphology to environmental conditions. This study has demonstrated how factors that control the assemblage composition of tadpoles also drive their morphological diversity.
Estimating densities for sympatric kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) and coyotes (Canis latrans) using noninvasive genetic sampling
Authors: Lonsinger R.C. , Lukacs P.M. , Gese E.M. , Knight R.N. , Waits L.P.
Published: May 2018

Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis Merriam, 1888) populations in the Great Basin Desert have declined and are of increasing concern for managers. Increasing coyote (Canis latrans Say, 1823) abundance and subsequent intraguild interactions may be one cause for this decline. Concurrent monitoring of carnivores is challenging and therefore rarely conducted. One possible solution for monitoring elusive carnivores is using noninvasive genetic sampling. We used noninvasive genetic sampling to collect fecal DNA from kit foxes and coyotes and estimate their densities from 2013–2014 in Utah, USA. We identified individuals based on microsatellite genotypes and estimated density with multisession spatially explicit capture–recapture models. Mean kit fox density was 0.02 foxes·km−2, while coyote densities were up to four times greater (0.07–0.08 coyotes·km−2). Kit fox densities were significantly lower than densities in the 1950s but were comparable with estimates from the late 1990s, suggesting that populations may be stabilizing after a precipitous decline. Our kit fox density estimates were among the lowest documented for the species. Our coyote density estimate was the first reported in our region and revealed that despite seemingly high abundance, densities are low compared with other regions. Our results suggested that kit foxes may be able to coexist with coyotes.
Stability Diagram, Hysteresis, and Critical Time Delay and Frequency for the Kuramoto Model with Heterogeneous Interaction Delays
Authors: Skardal Per Sebastian
Published: May 2018

We investigate the dynamics of large, globally-coupled systems of Kuramoto oscillators with heterogeneous interaction delays. For the case of exponentially distributed time delays we derive the full stability diagram that describes the bifurcations in the system. Of particular interest is the onset of hysteresis where both the incoherent and partially synchronized states are stable for a range of coupling strengths — this occurs at a codimension-two point at the intersection between a Hopf bifurcation and saddle node bifurcation of cycles. By studying this codimension-two point we find the full set of characteristic time delays and natural frequencies where bistability exists and identify the critical time delay and critical natural frequency below which bistability does not exist. Finally, we examine the dynamics of the more general system where time delays are drawn from a Gamma distribution, finding that more homogeneous time delay distributions tend to both promote the onset of synchronization and inhibit the presence of hysteresis.
Codimension Bifurcation Analysis of a Modified Leslie–Gower Predator–Prey Model with Two Delays
Authors: Jiao Jianfeng , Wang Ruiqi , Chang Hongcui , Liu Xia
Published: May 2018

The Bogdanov–Takens (B–T) and triple-zero bifurcations of a modified Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with two time delays are studied in this paper. By generalizing and using the normal form theory and center manifold theorem for delay differential equations, the normal forms of the B–T and triple-zero bifurcations of the model at its interior equilibria are obtained. In addition, some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our main results.
Fractional-Order Modeling and Simulation of Magnetic Coupled Boost Converter in Continuous Conduction Mode
Authors: Jia Zirui , Liu Chongxin
Published: May 2018

By using fractional-order calculus theory and considering the condition that capacitor and inductor are naturally fractional, we construct the fractional mathematical model of the magnetic coupled boost converter with tapped-inductor in the operation of continuous conduction mode (CCM). The fractional state average model of the magnetic coupled boost converter in CCM operation is built by exploiting state average modeling method. In these models, the effects of coupling factor, which is viewed as one generally, are directly pointed out. The DC component, the AC component, the transfer functions and the requirements of the magnetic coupled boost converter in CCM operation are obtained and investigated on the basis of the state averaged model as well as its fractional mathematical model. Using the modified Oustaloup’s method for filter approximation algorithm, the derived models are simulated and compared using Matlab/Simulink. In order to further verify the fractional model, circuit simulation is implemented. Furthermore, the differences between the fractional-order mathematical models and the corresponding integer-order mathematical models are researched. Results of the model and circuit simulations validate the effectiveness of theoretical analysis.
Bifurcation of Limit Cycles from the Center of a Family of Cubic Polynomial Vector Fields
Authors: Sui Shiyou , Zhao Liqin
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we consider the number of zeros of Abelian integral for the system [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] are arbitrary polynomials of degree [Formula: see text]. We obtain that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the maximum number of limit cycles bifurcating from the period annulus up to the first order in [Formula: see text]. So, the bounds for [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are exact.
Integrable Deformations of Three-Dimensional Chaotic Systems
Authors: Lăzureanu Cristian
Published: May 2018

The integrable deformation method for a three-dimensional Hamilton–Poisson system consists in alteration of its constants of motion in order to obtain a new Hamilton–Poisson system. We assume that a three-dimensional system of differential equations has a Hamilton–Poisson part and a nonconservative part. We give integrable deformations of the Hamilton–Poisson part and, adding the nonconservative part, we obtain integrable deformations of the considered three-dimensional system of differential equations. In particular, applying this method to chaotic systems may lead to new systems with chaotic behavior. We use this method to obtain integrable deformations of Lorenz, Chen, and Rössler systems. Using particular deformation functions, we have pointed out some deformations of the above-mentioned attractors.
Improved Thermal and Fire Retardant Behavior of Polyvinyl Alcohol Matrix Using Nanocomposites
Authors: Jeyasubramanian K. , Muthusankar E. , Hikku G. S. , Selvakumar N.
Published: May 2018

This report discusses in detail about the Fire retardant (FR) characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix fabricated by impregnating zinc borate nanoparticles (ZB Nps) as FR with trace amounts of copper chloride/aluminum chloride by solvent casting method. ZB Nps prepared by co-precipitation method are characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, etc. XRD pattern revealed the crystal geometry of ZB Nps and SEM and TEM micrographs depict a rod-like structure with 300–400[Formula: see text]nm size. Appropriate amount of ZB Nps and transition metal salts are mixed with PVA in aqueous medium and thin film samples are obtained by solvent casting method. The vibrational spectra, thermal stability and flammability of the polymeric composites are characterized using FTIR, TG/DTA and Flammability tester, respectively. FTIR spectra confirm the existence of ZB Nps in the prepared polymer composites. TG/DTA studies revealed higher degradation temperature and thermal stability of polymer composite over pure PVA. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) test presented a convincing account about the improved FR nature of obtained polymer nano composite with a significant LOI of 56% compared to virgin polymer which have LOI of 19.6%.
Shake Table Studies on Viscous Dampers in Seismic Control of a Single-Tower Cable-Stayed Bridge Model under Near-Field Ground Motions
Authors: Yi Jiang , Li Jianzhong , Guan Zhongguo
Published: May 2018

To investigate the effectiveness of viscous damper on seismic control of single-tower cable-stayed bridges subjected to near-field ground motions, a 1/20-scale full cable-stayed bridge model was designed, constructed and tested on shake tables. A typical far-field ground motion and a near-field one were used to excite the bridge model from low to high intensity. The seismic responses of the bridge model with and without viscous dampers were analyzed and compared. Both numerical and test results revealed that viscous dampers are quite effective in controlling deck displacement of cable-stayed bridges subjected to near-field ground motions. However, due to near-field effects, viscous damper dissipated most energy through one large hysteresis loop, extensively increasing the deformation and damping force demand of the damper. Further study based on numerical analysis reveals that to optimize deck displacement of cable-stayed bridges during an earthquake, a viscous damper with relatively larger damping coefficient should be introduced under near-field ground motions than far-field ones.
Hamilton–Jacobi Reachability: Some Recent Theoretical Advances and Applications in Unmanned Airspace Management
Authors: Chen Mo , Tomlin Claire J.
Published: May 2018

Autonomous systems are becoming pervasive in everyday life, and many of these systems are complex and safety-critical. Formal verification is important for providing performance and safety guarantees for these systems. In particular, Hamilton–Jacobi (HJ) reachability is a formal verification tool for nonlinear and hybrid systems; however, it is computationally intractable for analyzing complex systems, and computational burden is in general a difficult challenge in formal verification. In this review, we begin by briefly presenting background on reachability analysis with an emphasis on the HJ formulation. We then present recent work showing how high-dimensional reachability verification can be made more tractable by focusing on two areas of development: system decomposition for general nonlinear systems, and traffic protocols for unmanned airspace management. By tackling the curse of dimensionality, tractable verification of practical systems is becoming a reality, paving the way for more pervasive and safer automation.
The Bountiful Intersection of Differential Geometry, Mechanics, and Control Theory
Authors: Lewis Andrew D.
Published: May 2018

The areas of mechanics and control theory have a rich and productive history of interaction with the broad mathematical subject of differential geometry. This article provides an overview of these sorts of interplay in the areas of Riemannian and affine differential geometry and the geometry of vector distributions. It emphasizes areas where differential geometric methods have played a crucial role in solving problems whose solutions are difficult to achieve without access to these methods. It also emphasizes a concise and elegant presentation of the approach, rather than a detailed and concrete presentation. The results overviewed, while forming a coherent and elegant body of work, are limited in scope. The review closes with a discussion of why the approach is limited and a brief consideration of issues that must be resolved before the results of the type presented here can be extended.
Distributed Optimization for Control
Authors: Nedić Angelia , Liu Ji
Published: May 2018

Advances in wired and wireless technology have necessitated the development of theory, models, and tools to cope with the new challenges posed by large-scale control and optimization problems over networks. The classical optimization methodology works under the premise that all problem data are available to a central entity (a computing agent or node). However, this premise does not apply to large networked systems, where each agent (node) in the network typically has access only to its private local information and has only a local view of the network structure. This review surveys the development of such distributed computational models for time-varying networks. To emphasize the role of the network structure in these approaches, we focus on a simple direct primal (sub)gradient method, but we also provide an overview of other distributed methods for optimization in networks. Applications of the distributed optimization framework to the control of power systems, least squares solutions to linear equations, and model predictive control are also presented.
Data-Driven Predictive Control for Autonomous Systems
Authors: Rosolia Ugo , Zhang Xiaojing , Borrelli Francesco
Published: May 2018

In autonomous systems, the ability to make forecasts and cope with uncertain predictions is synonymous with intelligence. Model predictive control (MPC) is an established control methodology that systematically uses forecasts to compute real-time optimal control decisions. In MPC, at each time step an optimization problem is solved over a moving horizon. The objective is to find a control policy that minimizes a predicted performance index while satisfying operating constraints. Uncertainty in MPC is handled by optimizing over multiple uncertain forecasts. In this case, performance index and operating constraints take the form of functions defined over a probability space, and the resulting technique is called stochastic MPC. Our research over the past 10 years has focused on predictive control design methods that systematically handle uncertain forecasts in autonomous and semiautonomous systems. In the first part of this article, we present an overview of the approach we use, its main advantages, and its challenges. In the second part, we present our most recent results on data-driven predictive control. We show how to use data to efficiently formulate stochastic MPC problems and autonomously improve performance in repetitive tasks. The proposed framework is able to handle a large set of predicted scenarios in real time and learn from historical data.
Autonomy in Rehabilitation Robotics: An Intersection
Authors: Argall Brenna D.
Published: May 2018

Within the field of human rehabilitation, robotic machines are used both to rehabilitate the body and to perform functional tasks. Robotics autonomy that would enable perception of the external world and reasoning about high-level control decisions, however, is seldom present in these machines. For functional tasks in particular, autonomy could help to decrease the operational burden on the human and perhaps even increase access, and this potential only grows as human motor impairments become more severe. There are, however, serious and often subtle considerations for incorporating clinically feasible robotics autonomy into rehabilitation robots and machines. Today, the fields of robotics autonomy and rehabilitation robotics are largely separate, and the topic of this article is at the intersection of these fields: the incorporation of clinically feasible autonomy solutions into rehabilitation robots and the opportunities for autonomy within the rehabilitation domain.
Nephrotoxicity Evaluation on Cisplatin Combined with 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kou Wen , Qin Hongyan , Hanif Shahbaz , Wu Xinan
Published: May 2018

Objective. 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (ondansetron) has been reported to have nephrotoxic effect when combined with cisplatin in mice; however, little evidence exists in explaining its nephrotoxic effects on patients. The aim of this present study was to investigate whether 5-HT3 receptor antagonist could enhance or aggravate the incidence of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in patients. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 600 tumor patients which were treated with cisplatin (⩾60 mg/m2) as a first-time chemotherapy and combined with 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (i.e., ondansetron, tropisetron, or ramosetron, each kind of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist contains 200 cases) between January 2010 and December 2015. Cisplatin dosing, the baseline creatinine clearance, and other independent risk factors such as patient’s age, sex, PS score, and weight associated with nephrotoxicity were evaluated in a multivariable model. Results. The incidence of Grade ⩾ 2 serum creatinine elevation in cisplatin + ondansetron group was significantly higher than cisplatin + tropisetron group (P=0.04), but no significant difference was found between cisplatin + ondansetron group and cisplatin + ramosetron group (P=0.3). It was also found that cisplatin dosage and tumor type were independent risk factors in the development of nephrotoxicity. Conclusion. Higher cisplatin dosage and regular use of ondansetron combined with cisplatin are more likely to increase the incidence of nephrotoxicity; tropisetron showed the relatively mild effect on kidney function, suggesting that tropisetron is a preferable alternative in the process of cisplatin chemotherapy.
The Bifurcation of Two Invariant Closed Curves in a Discrete Model
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Zhou Yicang
Published: May 2018

A discrete population model integrated using the forward Euler method is investigated. The qualitative bifurcation analysis indicates that the model exhibits rich dynamical behaviors including the existence of the equilibrium state, the flip bifurcation, the Neimark-Sacker bifurcation, and two invariant closed curves. The conditions for existence of these bifurcations are derived by using the center manifold and bifurcation theory. Numerical simulations and bifurcation diagrams exhibit the complex dynamical behaviors, especially the occurrence of two invariant closed curves.
Analysis of Wind Data, Calculation of Energy Yield Potential, and Micrositing Application with WAsP
Authors: Topaloğlu Fatih , Pehlivan Hüseyin
Published: May 2018

The parameters required for building a wind power plant have been calculated using the fuzzy logic method by means of Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) in this study. Overall objectives of the program include analysis of raw data, evaluation of wind and climate, construction of a wind atlas, and estimation of wind power potential. With the analysis performed in the application, the average wind velocity, average power density, energy potential from micrositing, capacity factor, unit cost price, and period of redemption have been calculated, which are needed by the project developer during the decision-making stage and intended to be used as the input unit in the fuzzy logic-based system designed. It is aimed at processing the parameters calculated by the designed fuzzy logic-based decision-making system at the rule base and generating a compatibility factor that will allow for making the final decision in building wind power plants.
A Correction Method of Estimating the Pointing Error for Reflector Antenna
Authors: Zhang Jie , Huang Jin , Liang Wei , Zhang Youran , Xu Qian , Yi Letian , Wang Congsi
Published: May 2018

The pointing error caused by the structural deformation of large reflector antennas has become the most challenging problem of antenna servo control. Especially with the increase of the antenna diameter and the working frequency, environmental loads not only make the structure deformation more obvious, but also make the pointing accuracy influenced by deformation more sensitive. In order to solve this problem, accurately estimating the pointing error caused by the structural deformation is the key. Based on the dynamic model of antenna structure and the analyzing model of pointing error, using the displacement information of sampling points on reflector, this paper proposes a correction method to achieve the purpose of accurately estimating the pointing error caused by the structural deformation. Using a 7.3‐m Ka band antenna, the results show that the antenna maximum pointing error in theoretical model calculation is 0.0041° at 10m/s wind speed condition; however, the corrected pointing error would be about 0.0054° with considering the modeling error. After compensating the controller, the pointing error could be reduced to only 0.0008° and the performance of antenna pointing was improved.
Risk Factors Related to Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter Nonselective Removal in Neonates
Authors: Yu Xiaohe , Yue Shaojie , Wang Mingjie , Cao Chuanding , Liao Zhengchang , Ding Ying , Huang Jia , Li Wen
Published: May 2018

We aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with nonselective removal of peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) in neonates. In this prospective cohort study, neonates who underwent PICC placement at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in China from October 2012 to November 2015 were included. The patient demographics, catheter characteristics, catheter duration, PICC insertion site, indication for PICC insertion, infuscate composition, PICC tip location, and catheter complications were recorded in a computerized database. Risk factors for nonselective removal were analyzed. A total of 497 PICCs were placed in 496 neonates. Nonselective removal occurred in 9.3% of PICCs during 10,540 catheter-days (4.6 nonselective removals per 1,000 catheter-days). These included occlusion (3%), infection (1.4%), leakage (2.0%), phlebitis (0.6%), displacement (1%), pleural effusion(0.6%), and breaks (0.6%). Noncentral tip position was independently associated with an increased risk of nonselective removal (odds ratio 2.621; 95% confidence interval, 1.258-5.461) after adjusting for gestational age, sex, birth weight, and PICC dwell time. No significant differences in the rate of complications occurred between silastic and polyurethane PICC or different insertion sites. Noncentral PICC tip position was the only independent risk factor for nonselective removal of PICC.
FNDC4 Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Formation by Suppressing NF-κB Activation and CXCL10 Expression
Authors: Lv Zheng-tao , Liang Shuang , Chen Kun , Zhang Jia-ming , Cheng Peng , Guo Jia-chao , Yang Qing , Zhou Chen-he , Liao Hui , Chen An-min
Published: May 2018

FNDC4 acts as an anti-inflammatory factor on macrophages and improves mouse model of induced colitis. Considering osteoclast formation is characterized by the activation of inflammation-related pathways, we thus speculated that FNDC4 may play a pivotal role in this process. RT-qPCR analysis was performed to confirm the expression of osteoclast formation related genes in primary murine bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). RANKL-treated BMMs were cultured with FNDC4 to evaluate the effect of FNDC4 on osteoclast differentiation. TRAP staining and bone resorption pits assay were used to assess osteoclast formation and bone resorption, respectively. Luciferase assay and western blotting analysis were conducted to determine whether FNDC4 inhibited osteoclast formation via NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, to identify gene signatures in FNDC4-treated BMMs and to use these to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms during osteoclast formation, we adopted a bioinformatics approach by downloading the GSE76172 gene expression profiling dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. FNDC4 inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and mature osteoclast resorptive function in a dose-dependent manner. Results of NF-κB luciferase assay suggested that FNDC4 could significantly suppress the RANKL-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity. Based on the protein-protein interaction network, CXCL10 was identified as the differentially expressed gene with the highest connectivity degree (degree = 23); it was drastically downregulated in the presence of FNDC4, but supplementation of CXCL10 (10 ng/mL) partially ameliorated the FNDC4-induced inhibition of osteoclast formation. Taken together, we speculated that FNDC4 could suppress osteoclast formation via NF-κB pathway and downregulation of CXCL10.
Extensions of Hölder’s Inequality via Pseudo-Integral
Authors: Tian Jing-Feng , Ha Ming-Hu
Published: May 2018

Hölder’s inequality and its various extensions are playing very important roles in many branches of modern mathematics and physics. In this paper, we present some extensions of Hölder’s inequality via pseudo-integral. Moreover, some related Hölder type inequalities are also given.
Comparison of Outcomes between Two Methods to Extract Stone Fragments during Flexible Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy
Authors: Tabei Tadashi , Ito Hiroki , Kobayashi Kazuki , Kawahara Takashi , Matsuzaki Junichi
Published: May 2018

Objectives. To retrospectively compare the operative and clinical outcomes of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (fURSL) with stone extraction performed either by a surgeon (SE) who manipulates the retrieval basket or by having the surgical assistant (AE) manipulate the retrieval basket with the aim of clarifying which method provides a greater stone-free postoperative status. Methods. The study group consisted of patients who underwent fURSL with SE or AE at our institution between April 2015 and December 2016. Demographic, clinical, stone, and operative variables were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with a stone-free and non-stone-free status postoperatively. Results. Our analysis included 196 cases of renal stones treated using fURSL, with 109 who underwent AE and 87 who underwent SE. The rate of stone-free status was higher for the SE group (90.8%) than for the AE group (61.5%; P<0.001). The method of extraction was identified as an independent predictor of stone-free status (P<0.001, odds ratio (SE compared to AE), 9.133, 95% confidence interval, 3.736–22.322). Conclusion. The stone-free rate is improved by having the surgeon perform the stone extraction as part of the fURSL procedure.
Altered DNA Methylation of Long Noncoding RNA uc.167 Inhibits Cell Differentiation in Heart Development
Authors: Yin Anwen , Feng Mengwen , Cheng Zijie , Zhang Qijun , Li Hua , Xu Jia , Zhang Hao , Li Yun , Qian Lingmei
Published: May 2018

In previous studies, we have demonstrated the function of uc.167 in the heart development. DNA methylation plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of developmental genes during embryonic development. In this study, the methylomic landscape was investigated in order to identify the DNA methylation alterations. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) was performed to examine the differences in methylation status of overexpressed uc.167 in P19 cells. GO and KEGG pathway analyses of differentially methylated genes were also conducted. We found that the distribution of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) peaks in different components of genome was mainly located in intergenic regions and intron. The biological process associated with uc.167 was focal adhesion and Rap1 signaling pathway. MEF2C was significantly decreased in uc.167 overexpressed group, suggesting that uc.167 may influence the P19 differentiation through MEF2C reduction. Taken together, our findings revealed that the effect of uc.167 on P19 differentiation may be attributed to the altered methylation of specific genes.
Synergistic Effect of Endogenous and Exogenous Aldehydes on Doxorubicin Toxicity in Yeast
Authors: Miles Jana S. , Sojourner Samantha J. , Whitmore Aurellia M. , Freeny Devon , Darling-Reed Selina , Flores-Rozas Hernan
Published: May 2018

Anthracyclines are frequently used to treat many cancers including triple negative breast cancer, which is commonly observed in African-American women (AA), and tend to be more aggressive, carry worse prognoses, and are harder to manage because they lack molecular targets. Although effective, anthracyclines use can be limited by serious side effects and eventually the development of drug resistance. In S. cerevisiae, mutants of HOM6 display hypersensitivity to doxorubicin. HOM6 is required for synthesis of threonine and interruption of the pathway leads to accumulation of the threonine intermediate L-aspartate-semialdehyde. This intermediate may synergize with doxorubicin to kill the cell. In fact, deleting HOM3 in the first step, preventing the pathway to reach the HOM6 step, rescues the sensitivity of the hom6 strain to doxorubicin. Using several S. cerevisiae strains (wild type, hom6, hom3, hom3hom6, ydj1, siz1, and msh2), we determined their sensitivity to aldehydes and to their combination with doxorubicin, cisplatin, and etoposide. Combination of formaldehyde and doxorubicin was most effective at reducing cell survival by 31-fold–39-fold (in wild type cells) relative to doxorubicin and formaldehyde alone. This effect was dose dependent on doxorubicin. Cotreatment with formaldehyde and doxorubicin also showed increased toxicity in anthracycline-resistant strains siz1 and msh2. The hom6 mutant also showed sensitivity to menadione with a 2.5-fold reduction in cell survival. The potential use of a combination of aldehydes and cytotoxic drugs could potentially lead to applications intended to enhance anthracycline-based therapy.
Hybrid Mn-Porphyrin-Nanogold Nanomaterial Applied for the Spectrophotometric Detection ofβ-Carotene
Authors: Lascu Anca , Birdeanu Mihaela , Taranu Bogdan , Fagadar-Cosma Eugenia
Published: May 2018

A hybrid formed between Mn(III) tetratolyl-porphyrin chloride (MnTTPCl) and spherical gold colloid (n-Au),MnTTPCl/n-Au, was tested along with its component nanomaterials as promising candidates in the detection ofβ-carotene from ethanol solutions. Among the investigated nanomaterials, the largestβ-carotene concentration interval detectable by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (9.80 × 10−6 M–1.15 × 10−4 M) was obtained when using theMnTTPCl/n-Auhybrid. This hybrid material gives rise to the widest absorption band, covering the range of 425 nm to 581 nm after treatment withβ-carotene.
Khat Induced Toxicity: Role on Its Modulating Effects on Inflammation and Oxidative Stability
Authors: Abdelwahab Siddig Ibrahim , Alsanosy Rashad , Mohamed Elhassan Taha Manal , Mohan Syam
Published: May 2018

Long-term khat (Catha edulis Forsk.) chewing has negative effects on human body. Khat constituents appear to be capable of disturbing the delicate equilibrium between damaging and protective mechanisms of a cell that is essential for optimal activity, thereby producing oxidative damage. Therefore, the current study was designed to understand the role of khat on cell toxicity, oxidative stability, and inflammation. Khat was extracted using 60% methanol and assessed calorimetrically for its phenolic and flavonoid contents. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to assess the antioxidant properties. Lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma induced murine monocytic macrophages cell line (RAW 264.7) were used to assess khat effects on cellular inflammation, oxidative stability, and viability. Khat possesses high content of polyphenols and flavonoids. The results showed a strong potency of antioxidants in DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP assays. Khat decreases the production of the proinflammatory nitric oxide and induces cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species inhibition. Heavy khat consumption induced-toxicity and symptoms are probably due the harmful effects of its polyphenolic contents.
Carbon Footprint of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Jiménez Luis F. , Domínguez José A. , Vega-Azamar Ricardo Enrique
Published: May 2018

Carbon footprint is one of the most widely used tools for assessing the environmental impacts of the production and utilization of concrete as well as of the components derived from it, representing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases associated with this product, expressed as CO2 equivalents. In this paper, carbon footprint was used to compare the environmental performance in the production phase of a concrete made with both recycled and crushed virgin limestone aggregates, using a life cycle analysis methodological approach. Research outcomes revealed, as expected, that carbon dioxide equivalent emissions decreased slightly as the use of recycled aggregates increased. Emissions for concrete with 0.5 w/c were between 347 and 351 kg of CO2‐e/m3. It was also corroborated that cement is the material with the greatest influence on greenhouse gas emission generation in the concrete’s production phase, regardless of the use of recycled or virgin aggregates.
Quantitative and Qualitative Composition of Soil Organic Matter in Samples of Ice Complex from Central Yakutia, Eastern Siberia
Authors: Shepelev Andrey , Fedorov Alexander , Cherepanova Alexandra
Published: May 2018

Investigation of organic carbon and nitrogen stock was conducted at depths greater than one meter in the ice complex in central part of Yakutia (Russia). Around 53% of the total organic carbon stock in the upper part of the ice complex is held in the active layer. The protective layer holds 31% and the permafrost layer holds 16%. The distribution of nitrogen over the elementary layers of the ice complex mirrors the percentages for organic carbon stocks given above. The total stock of biogenic elements in the ice complex investigated (0–250 cm) consists of 38.7 ± 0.2 kg/m2 of organic carbon and 2.13 ± 0.01 kg/m2 of nitrogen. The prevalent amount is carbon detritus, 40% of the total carbon content in the active layer. The share of labile carbon accounts 18%, that is 2 times less than carbon detritus. In the next two layers, the content of the components decreases and varies from 2% to 12%. The low labile organic matter content in the protective and permafrost layers indicates the development of the ice complex proceeded under conditions with poorly formed organic material.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Level Correlates with Lipoprotein Subfractions in Obese Nondiabetic Subjects
Authors: Somodi Sándor , Seres Ildikó , Lőrincz Hajnalka , Harangi Mariann , Fülöp Péter , Paragh György
Published: May 2018

Background. The elevated level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome and in patients with type 2 diabetes is well established. The association of plasma PAI-1 and lipid metabolism is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between plasma PAI-1 levels and the distribution of lipoprotein subfractions in obese and lean nondiabetic individuals.Subjects and Methods. We enrolled fifty nondiabetic obese patients and thirty-two healthy volunteers. Lipoprotein subfractions were detected with Lipoprint System. Plasma PAI-1, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentrations were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activities were measured by spectrophotometry.Results. The TNF-α, IL-6, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and MPO levels were found to be significantly higher, while PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were nonsignificantly lower in the obese patients. Strong significant negative correlations were found between plasma PAI-1 concentration and mean LDL size, as well as between PAI-1 concentrations and the levels of the large and intermediate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. In multiple regression analysis, PAI-1 was predicted by waist circumference and intermediate HDL subfraction.Conclusion. The significant correlations between PAI-1 levels and lipoprotein subfractions indicate the link between PAI-1 and lipid metabolism in obesity.
Bamboo Nodes of Vocal Folds: A Description of 10 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Todic Jelena , Schweizer Valérie , Leuchter Igor
Published: May 2018

Objective: Bamboo nodes are vocal fold lesions, mostly associated with autoimmune diseases. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective clinical study including 10 patients with bamboo nodes. Data were collected regarding associated autoimmune disorder and type of treatment. A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Results: All patients were women, with hoarseness as the most frequent symptom. There was in most cases an associated autoimmune disease: 3 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus; 3 with rheumatoid arthritis; 1 with Sjögren syndrome; 1 with Hashimoto disease; and 1 with mixed connective tissue disease. Four patients were treated with speech therapy, 3 with oral steroids, 1 with speech therapy and oral steroids combined, 1 with oral steroids and laryngeal steroid injections, and 1 had oral steroids, surgery, and speech therapy. Speech therapy was the first-line treatment. Conclusion: Bamboo nodes should be looked for in every patient with a diagnosis of autoimmune disease complaining of dysphonia.