bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ponosakan: A Dying Language of Northeastern Sulawesi
Authors: Lobel Jason William
Published: November 2015

Ponosakan, a Greater Central Philippine language of the Mongondow-Gorontalo branch, is spoken by only a few elderly residents of the town of Belang in Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia. Unlike its better-described and more widely spoken relatives Mongondow and Gorontalo, it has received virtually no dedicated attention in the literature, outside of being included in historical-comparative studies of the Mongondow-Gorontalo subgroup. This paper presents a sketch of the phonology and functors of Ponosakan, and provides historical and sociolinguistic information about the language and its century-long journey to extinction.
The Case-Markers of Proto-Austronesian
Authors: Blust Robert
Published: November 2015

In striking contrast to the voice-marking affixes, for which there is universal agreement, the case-markers of Proto-Austronesian (PA n ), and later protolanguages such as Proto-Philippines (PP h ), have long resisted detailed reconstruction. Four sets of case-markers (nominative, genitive, oblique, locative) can be posited for PA n , each distinguished by its application to personal names vs. common nouns, and singular vs. plural reference in the former category. Through standard use of the comparative method, it is shown that PA n must have had at least the genitives *ni, *na, *nu, and nominatives *si, *sa, where *i correlates with singular personal names, *a with plural personal names, and *u with common nouns. For PP h , application of the comparative method allows the nominatives to be expanded to *si, *sa, *su. Although the oblique and locative sets show much greater functional variability, the case-markers *ki, *ka, *ku, and *di, *da must be reconstructed for PA n (plus *du for PP h ), thus presenting the analyst with a glossing challenge for these forms that is not found with *ni, *na, *nu, or *si, *sa, (*su). By a process of elimination, *ki and *ku can be posited for PA n , Proto–Malayo-Polynesian (PMP), and PP h as the oblique of singular personal names and of common nouns, respectively. Although PP h *ka can be added to this set as the oblique of plural personal names, this interpretation can be applied to PMP and PA n only by generalizing the semantic values of the *i/a/u vowel template to cases where they are not directly attested. For the locatives, *di can be reconstructed without further specification, but *da and *du present additional challenges that are ultimately met by allowing the boundary between obliques and locatives to be permeable. The result is four tripartite sets of case-markers for PP h (nominatives *si, *sa, *su, genitives *ni, *na, *nu, obliques *ki, *ka, *ku, locatives *di, *da, *du), of which all but *su and *du can be attributed to PA n , and all but *du to PMP, suggesting replacement of these terms in all Formosan languages. A fifth set of case-markers *i, *a, *u may have existed, but details regarding its function remain elusive.
Vitality of the Orang Asli Languages in Gerik, Perak
Authors: Hassan Roshidah , Ghazali Kamila , Omar Asmah Haji
Published: November 2015

Language vitality can be defined as the power of a language to live or grow as a means of communication among members of the group who speak it. This paper evaluates the vitality of the Orang Asli languages in Gerik, Perak, Malaysia, based on the Major Evaluative Factors of Language Vitality outlined by the UNESCO Ad Hoc Expert Group on Endangered Languages in March 2003. The factors identified are: (1) intergenerational language transmission; (2) absolute number of speakers; (3) proportion of speakers within the total population; (4) trends in existing language domains; (5) response to new domains and media; (6) materials for language education and literacy; (7) governmental and institutional attitudes and policies; (8) community members’ attitudes toward their own language; and (9) amount and quality of documentation. The Orang Asli languages involved in this study are Temiar, Jahai, Kintaq, Kensiu, and Lanoh. Eighty-two questionnaires were administered, while observations and interviews were conducted with respondents from these communities. The results show that the Temiar language has higher vitality than any of the other languages. A number of reasons may be suggested to explain this, among them being the higher population of Temiar compared with other communities in the area. The lifestyle of the Temiar may be another reason, as is the function of Temiar as the lingua franca among the Orang Asli in the area.
The Minimal Phonological Phrase: Evidence from Māori
Authors: Brown Jason
Published: November 2015

This paper draws on the rich discussion surrounding the structural notion of the phrase in Māori, and extends that discussion by arguing that there is evidence for a minimal Phonological Phrase in the language. While minimality effects in phonology have been demonstrated for many languages, they are often manifested as a lower limit on the possible Prosodic Word—typically either a disyllabic or a bimoraic structure. This paper presents evidence from Māori that minimality effects involve structures in the prosodic hierarchy that are larger than the Prosodic Word. The analysis of the minimal Phonological Phrase relies on a condition that forces prosodic categories to branch. In most contexts where this condition is in danger of being violated, there is augmentation by an initial phrase particle; however, in contexts where singular personal pronouns are in subject position, these are phonologically incorporated into the preceding phrase.
A Mouse in the Bookstore: Maus and the Publishing Industry
Authors: Hutton Robert
Published: November 2015

This paper uses a materialist framework to analyze the impact of Art Spiegelman's Maus . The emergence of Maus into the mainstream bookstore was a careful negotiation between many actors, among them the publishing industry and Spiegelman himself. Maus created a commercial market for artistic comics by adopting many of the values and commercial strategies of the mainstream literary sphere. The emergence of the graphic novel as a major form reflects these negotiations. Far from being incidental to the autonomous process of artistic creation, factors of publishing and distribution had an immense effect on the evolution of alternative comics.
“A Vast ‘Network of Transversals’”: Labyrinthine Aesthetics in Fun Home
Authors: Eveleth K.W.
Published: November 2015

Taking a cue from recent Fun Home scholarship, the present study examines the ways in the which the formal and generic conventions of the graphic novel, the autobiography, and the memoir conflict and complement Fun Home ’s consideration of multiple competing ideological, aesthetic, artistic, linguistic, and psychological positions. It ultimately concludes that the formal and generic discrepancies and mutations reify Valerie Rohy’s contention that Fun Home is an example of the “queer archive” by arguing that its purposefully labyrinthian aesthetic encourages a reading position and practice that replicate’s Bechdel’s own act of archival. In other words, the work drops readers in the middle of a labyrinth of references, texts, images, individuals, monsters, and madmen and seals up the door, leaving the smallest of “clews” to aid the reader in reorienting him or herself and finding a way out of the maze. At the same time, however, the work implies a yearning to return and stay, to forego the exit, turn back around and get lost once more, marking it as celebrated labyrinth and feverish queer archive, a source of both indescribable joy and absolute destruction: both Fun Home and Fun.(eral) Home.
Graphic Narrative: An Introduction
Authors: Stamant Nicole
Published: November 2015

Art Spiegelman’s In the Shadow of No Towers presents readers with a truly collaborative text housing two different yet parallel collections: a collection of his own ten graphic pages which represent the memoirist’s struggle after the World Trade Center attacks, and a collection of “old comic strips” which were “the only cultural artifacts that could get past [his] defenses” at that time. This particular collection of comic strips reflects Spiegelman’s own mourning process after September 11; including old comic strips about New York City, patriotism, and the tension between high and low culture in the United States at the turn of the last century, he is able to reflect a certain historical nostalgia about New York City specifically, and about the United States more generally. Through the technique of palimpsest, the materiality of ephemera, and an understanding of seriality as both a mode of production and a way to represent the self and daily life, Spiegelman assembles images and artifacts into a substantial text employed in collecting and archiving memory. The things that Spiegelman believes shouldn’t be ephemeral, like the towers or democracy itself, are shown in this memoir as fleeting and warped, while the things that would seem to be solely ephemera, daily comic strips or an image witnessed before the towers collapsed, may be indelible.
What’s the Matter of Seeing in Graphic Memoir?
Authors: Pedri Nancy
Published: November 2015

This article focuses on the question of character subjectivity as it relates to the portrayal of perspective in graphic memoir. Adopting a narratological approach, it interrogates the distinction between focalization and ocularization, thinking and seeing, to ask if it is theoretically attractive to distinguish between the two when considering the presentation of subjectivity in graphic memoir. Through a critically informed analysis of visual techniques used by comics artists to represent character perspective, the article concludes that ocularization is a part of focalization, and not separate from it. Examples are drawn from Persepolis, Stitches , and Fun Home .
‘Always ready to explode into violence!’ Representing the Cyprus Emergency and decolonization in The High Bright Sun (1965)
Authors: Stubbs Jonathan
Published: November 2015

This article examines the representation of Cyprus in post-imperial British popular culture with particular reference to the film The High Bright Sun (1965), a mainstream British production depicting the decline of British imperial authority during the ‘Cyprus Emergency’. The film is contextualized first in relation to contemporaneous cycles of British television dramas and novels representing Cyprus, and second in relation to ongoing political events as they intruded on the film’s production history. The article proceeds to examine the ways in which The High Bright Sun was marketed to audiences in Britain and its reception in the British press. It argues that while the marketing campaign attempted to detach the film from its immediate political context, British reviewers were eager to make unfavourable associations between events shown on-screen and the ongoing conflict in Cyprus.
Days of futures past – temporal travel in the world of tribute entertainment
Authors: Gregory Georgina
Published: November 2015

According to postmodern theorists, the compression of time and space has led to the problematizing of both linear views of history and utopian concepts of the future. The postmodern shift towards nostalgia, where styles and sounds are constantly recycled, has been accompanied by a rejection of the modernist faith in the future. Thus, many of us find it difficult to envisage a tomorrow that is not like yesterday, seeking reassurance in familiar sounds and images that validate our perception of past music and associated styles. This article explores the phenomenon of the parodic popular music tribute, demonstrating the appeal it offers to temporal travellers in an era where our desire to incorporate the past into the present increasingly defines our future. Through an examination of the work of individual artists and groups I show how acts like Bjorn Again and The Bootleg Beatles promote a rejection of modernist visions of transformation. Instead, this form of entertainment constructs a future characterized by constant revivification of the music of the past.
Welcome to Europe! Linking the EU Parliament LUX Film Prize and the impact of migration films to the emergence of a European public sphere
Authors: Amin Muhamed
Published: November 2015

Migration films represent an emerging genre of film-making that is increasingly influencing European citizens and policy-makers alike. Through them, we are able to deconstruct negative attitudes about migrants and how they fit into an increasingly cosmopolitan and diverse Europe. In 2008, the EU Parliament created the LUX Film Prize, an award that recognizes European films that embody European traditions, values and integration. In 2009, the prize was awarded to French Director Philippe Lioret’s film Welcome, the story of a Kurdish migrant in France hoping to reach Britain by swimming the English Channel. Despite its fictional scope, it was highly politicized and controversial due to its critical approach of French refugee policies, specifically the L622-1 law prohibiting citizens from offering assistance to undocumented migrants. Following the EU Commission’s acknowledgement of the need to further involve citizens in debates on European issues, this article argues that the LUX Prize is an innovative medium to foster debate and discussion on matters of migration within a wider European public sphere. It has also provided a platform for those outside the political landscape to help shape the discourse on migration, thus reinforcing a more inclusive European civic participation on matters directly affecting them as citizens.
‘They were jokes’: The Situationist fiction of Michèle Bernstein
Authors: Mudie Ella
Published: November 2015

In 1960, Paris-based Situationist Michèle Bernstein published the first instalment in a pair of novels that playfully ‘knocked-off’ the popular literary genres of the post-war era and which the author has subsequently dismissed as jokes. Principally concerned with Bernstein’s first book released through Buchet/Chastel in 1960, Tous les chevaux du roi (2004)/All the King’s Horses (2008), this article explores how this fake romance novel heavily laden with irony provides a front for a deeper level cultural critique. While previous responses to Bernstein’s novel treat it as either an eye-witness account of the everyday life of the Situationist International (1957–1972), or as propagandizing for a libertine revolution of the passions, a focus on the insincerity and ‘joking’ of the author highlights the novel’s more pressing concern for performing a Situationist critique of reification. At the same time, Bernstein’s ambivalent treatment of the popular genre of the teen romance novel raises complex questions about some of the gendered aspects of the Situationist critique. For this reason, this article also explores how the performative rehearsal of boredom, banality and cliché in All the King’s Horses (2008) calls into question the radical potential attributed to desire in the avant-garde’s project to enact a revolution of everyday life under commodity capitalism.
La necrópolis de El Castillo (Castejón, Navarra). Vajilla e instrumental metálico de sacrificio y banquete en el valle medio del Ebro (S. VI – III a. C.)
Authors: Faro Carballa José Antonio
Published: December 2015

El presente estudio tiene por objeto estudiar y analizar la vajilla y el instrumental metálico relacionados con los rituales de sacrificio y banquete funerario que se practicaron en el valle medio del Ebro durante los siglos centrales del Ier Milenio a. C. La investigación se ha centrado en la extensa información que proporciona la necrópolis de El Castillo (Castejón, Navarra), un espacio funerario que, por el momento, constituye una asombrosa excepción en un horizonte marcado por la ausencia o la parquedad de los datos.
Aspectos constructivos y decorativos de la villa romana de Puente de la Olmilla (Albaladejo, Ciudad Real)
Authors: García Bueno Carmen
Published: December 2015

El esquema constructivo de esta villa responde al modelo típico romano: una serie de estancias distribuidas alrededor de un patio central, que las ilumina y desde el que se accede a ellas mediante los pasillos circundantes, cubiertos con pisos de mosaico, al igual que varias habitaciones (dos de ellas adornadas con mosaicos figurativos). Puente de la Olmilla tenía un pórtico en la fachada, combinación que corresponde a un tipo de construcción poco común en Hispania. Esta villa es un claro testimonio del profundo proceso romanizador sufrido por el medio rural en este territorio. Sin duda, este ámbito de la Meseta Sur tenía para los romanos un carácter estratégico por su privilegiado emplazamiento geográfico dentro de la Península Ibérica y esa fue una de las causas de que lo incluyeran en su red viaria.
La Torre de Sant Josep de Villajoyosa. La restitución del monumento romano y su contexto funerario
Authors: Ruiz-Alcalde Diego , Charquero Ballester Ana María
Published: December 2015

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la restitución definitiva del monumento a partir de los resultados de las últimas intervenciones que se han llevado a cabo en 2014/2015 en el yacimiento de la Torre de Sant Josep en Villajoyosa (Alicante). Se han localizado tres nuevos sillares, claves en la reconstrucción del monumento, ya que han modificado la anterior propuesta de reconstrucción de la tumba, añadiendo una hilada más a su altura. La reconstrucción y restauración real del monumento también se ha llevado a cabo en el marco de estas intervenciones. Además, se ha localizado prácticamente todo el perímetro del recinto funerario que rodea el mausoleo, uno de los más grandes localizados en Hispania. Realizado en opus caementicium, con puerta de acceso y refuerzo de esquinas de sillería en la fachada que da al mar, encaja dentro del marco de recintos funerarios romanos en entornos rurales durante el siglo II d.C.
La inscripción latina pintada sobre cerámica de El Castellar (Crevillent, Alicante)
Authors: Lorrio Alvarado Alberto José , Pérez Blasco Miguel Fernando
Published: December 2015

Se presenta un fragmento pintado con inscripción latina realizado sobre cerámica de tradición indígena de época altoimperial hallado de manera casual en la ladera sureste de El Castellar (Crevillent, Alicante). La pieza debe atribuirse a los talleres de La Alcudia de Elche y viene a sumarse a los escasos documentos epigráficos sobre cerámica documentados en el territorio de Ilici.
Nuevos monumentos funerarios de Belorado (Burgos)
Authors: Fernández Corral Marta
Published: December 2015

En el siguiente trabajo se dan a conocer cuatro nuevas estelas funerarias de época romana de Belorado (Burgos). Como la inmensa mayoría de las estelas localizadas en este lugar, estas también guardan una serie de peculiaridades externas e internas comunes que han llevado a considerarlo un conjunto epigráfico específico del lugar. Es por ello que en las siguientes páginas presentaremos una descripción y análisis de las mismas a la vez que las contextualizamos dentro del conjunto y el lugar donde fueron localizadas.
Substratos no desenvolvimento de cultivares de gérbera envasada
Authors: Ludwig Fernanda , Fernandes Dirceu Maximino , Guerrero Amaralina Celoto , Villas Bôas Roberto Lyra
Published: November 2015

The gerbera is a prominent culture that has gained in the Brazilian market of flowers and ornamental plants and there is a great demand for adequate substrates for its production. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and distribution of dry mass and nitrogen in potted gerbera, depending on the substrates and cultivars. Experimental design was randomized blocks in a 5x2 factorial arrangement (5 substrates and 2 cultivars). Red and Cherry cultivars were evaluated at 1, 15, 29, 43 and 50 days of acclimation (DAA) to the leaves number, leaf area, dry mass of aerial parts (leaf and flower) and accumulation of nitrogen. From 29 DAA, the inflorescence has established as the drain and has contributed significantly to the total dry mass. The accumulation of nitrogen was similar in vegetative and reproductive periods. The traits evaluated varied depending on the substrate used, influenced by physical and chemical properties of the same. The growth, dry matter and nitrogen distribution potted gerbera cultivars Cherry and Red are influenced by physical and chemical characteristics of substrates, with better results in substrates with bulk density of less than 530 kg m-3 and pH values between 5.5 and 6.8
MEASURING OF THE ECO NOMIC CYCLE ON THE L ABOUR MARKET IN THE CZECH CONSTRUCTION SECTOR BY THE MEANS OF NAIRU
Authors: Kadeřábková Božena , Jašová Emilie
Published: December 2015

The paper is concerned with the economic cycle on the labour market in the whole nationale conomy and in the construction sector of the Czech Republic, working with NAIRU. This variableis estimated with the use of the consumer price index and the construction work price index. Bycomparing the obtained NAIRU values with the real unemployment ra tes we determine the phaseof the economic cycle. We verify the localised phases of the cycle on the labour market in thenational economy and in the construction sector with the development of the real unemploymentrate and the added value. Thanks to this approach we get the insight into the development ofunstabl e periods on the labour market.
STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF QUANTITATIVE QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING PRODUCTS DURING CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT AND CERTIFICATION IN THE FIRE PROTECTION FIELD
Authors: Dvořák Otto
Published: December 2015

This paper proposes statistical methods for evaluation of quantitative performance of building products determined by tests for objective decision during conformity assessment/certification in the fire protection field. The procedure is applicable even for other types of products, and for research / development of new material products.
Liberalismo versus conservadurismo en América Latina del siglo XIX: Reflexión desde una perspectiva crítica.
Authors: Sang Ben Mu-Kien Adriana
Published: December 2015

Durante casi 20 años escribí tres obras: Ulises Heureaux. Biografía de un dictador; Buenaventura Báez. El Caudillo del Sur; y, una Utopía inconclusa. Espaillat y el liberalismo dominicano del siglo XIX. Para escribir estos libros, pasé años leyendo sobre el conservadurismo, el liberalismo y el positivismo. Me introduje por mares tempestuosos del conocimiento. Comencé a leer sobre el pensamiento político en el siglo XIX. Leí a los positivista argentinos, especialmente a Sarmientos. De hecho, constaté que Espaillat se había inspirado en él para desarrollar muchas ideas, y por eso, utilicé la denominación de Demorizi, que lo llamaba como "el Sarmiento dominicano".
Prácticas tutorales en un dispositivo de formación universitario en México
Authors: León Hernández Viridiana Aydee , Lugo Villaseñor Elisa
Published: November 2015

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio sobre las prácticas docentes de las y los académicos  de una institución de educación superior en torno a la tutoría y el acompañamiento y la relación con la construcción de subjetividades autónomas y auto-formativas en los estudiantes. Se optó por una aproximación cualitativa, aplicando la entrevista a profundidad a tutores de una universidad pública estatal. El acercamiento a los actores educativos permitió reconocer ciertas prácticas de la tutoría asociadas principalmente a directrices político-educativas vinculadas al reconocimiento del incremento del rezago, la deserción escolar y la incorporación de modelos de formación centrados en el estudiante y en el aprendizaje, que plantearon la necesidad de integrar la tutoría en las instituciones educativas. Los tutores reconocieron que sus prácticas se habían modificado parcialmente con esta nueva tarea, sin embargo, la figura del “tutor” aún no se asumía en cuanto a la posibilidad de favorecer la autonomía, el aprendizaje auto-dirigido y la autoformación en las y los estudiantes. A partir del escenario antes descrito, pudimos reconocer que en el ejercicio de la tutoría en educación superior, existe una dimensión ética-educativa poco abordada en los programas institucionales que han sido objeto de estudio, de manera que prevalecen principalmente los sustentos de atención a indicadores de retención.  Desde esta óptica colocamos como  centro de esta  investigación indagar sobre la dimensión ética-educativa en las prácticas tutoriales de los docentes universitarios.
Políticas públicas para la terminalidad educativa: El caso del Plan Fines en Argentina.
Authors: Viego Valentina
Published: November 2015

En 2008 el Consejo Federal de Educación del Ministerio de Educación de Argentina dispuso la creación del Plan de Finalización de Estudios Primarios y Secundarios para Jóvenes y Adultos (Fines). Su finalidad es ofrecer a los jóvenes y adultos que no han finalizado la escolaridad obligatoria un plan que permita la culminación de dicho trayecto formativo. El trabajo analiza el diseño y la implementación del plan considerando los aspectos pedagógicos, las condiciones de trabajo del personal que forma parte del plantel docente y los recursos dispuestos por el gobierno nacional y las provincias para cumplir las metas planteadas. La normas que rigen el Plan y entrevistas realizadas a agentes participantes sugieren que esta iniciativa sienta las bases para el paulatino desfinanciamiento del régimen que históricamente abordó la educación de adultos y la consolidación de un sistema educativo sostenido con docentes y aprendizajes precarizados.
Change in movement patterns asymmetry in infants with central coordination disorder in continuous studies
Authors: Urban Katarzyna , Ignasiak Zofia , Wronecki Krzysztof , Skrzek Anna
Published: December 2015

Study aim: the aim of the study was to observe the dynamics of changes in postural symmetry in infants during the first year of life, undergoing a therapy using the NDT-Bobath method.

Material and methods: the study included a group of 60 term infants diagnosed with central coordination disorder. The course of psychomotor development in the children was compared with a control group of peers aged 3 and 12 months. Group I (study group) consisted of 40 infants who had been subjected to treatment using the NDT-Bobath method. Group II (control group) consisted of 20 infants who, by the decision of the parents, did not undergo the therapy. In group I, four studies were carried out at an interval of every 3 months ± 1 week. In group II, studies were carried out during the 3rd and 12th month.

Results: symmetry in body position patterns and movement patterns were analysed. Three levels of a child’s body were subject to the assessment of symmetry. In each study disparities in movement patterns of the left and right side were assessed. Individual features were expressed using scores, according to the principle of the higher the score, the more intense asymmetry.

Conclusions: 1. The observed changes in body postural asymmetry in infants during the first year of life are more favourable in the group of children undergoing rehabilitation. 2. The catch-up growth phenomenon among the infants from the control group proceeds more slowly and reaches beyond a child’s first year of life. This indicates the need to include appropriate methods of therapy.
A botanical and pharmacological description of petasites species
Authors: Tys Jerzy , Szopa Aleksandra , Lalak Justyna , Chmielewska Mariola , Serefko Anna , Poleszak Ewa
Published: December 2015

The objective of this review was to evaluate the botanical and pharmacological description of Petasites species. Petasides (butterbur) as a perennial shrub which was found in Europe and also in a parts of Asia and North America, has been widely used medicinally for centuries. At present, the main phytopharmacology uses for Petasides extracts are for prophylactic treatment of migraines, as well as an antispasmodic agent for bronchial asthma and pertussis. Furthermore, it has been used effectively in preventing gastric ulcers, and in urinary tract spasms and treating patients with irritable bladder. But still, there is a need for more studies on the potential applications of butterbur extract in medicine.
Flozins, inhibitors of type 2 renal sodium-glucose co-transporter – not only antihyperglycemic drugs
Authors: Mizerski Grzegorz , Kicinski Pawel , Jaroszynski Andrzej
Published: December 2015

The kidneys play a crucial role in the regulation of the carbohydrate metabolism. In normal physiological conditions, the glucose that filters through the renal glomeruli is subsequently nearly totally reabsorbed in the proximal renal tubules. Two transporters are engaged in this process: sodium-glucose co-transporter type 1 (SGLT1), and sodium-glucose co-transporter type type 2 (SGLT2) - this being located in the luminal membrane of the renal tubular epithelial cells. It was found that the administration of dapagliflozin, a selective SGLT2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes, is associated with the reduction of HbA1c concentration by 0.45-1.11%. Additional benefits from the treatment with dapagliflozin are the reduction of arterial blood pressure and a permanent reduction of body weight. This outcome is related to the effect of osmotic diuresis and to the considerable loss of the glucose load by way of urine excretion. Dapagliflozin may be successfully applied in type 2 diabetes monotherapy, as well as in combined therapy (including insulin), where it is equally effective as other oral anti-diabetic drugs. Of note: serious adverse effects of dapagliflozin administration are rarely observed. What is more, episodes of severe hypoglycaemia related with the treatment occur only sporadically, most often in the course of diabetes polytherapy. The most frequent effects of the SGLT2 inhibitors are inseparably associated with the mechanism of their action (the glucuretic effect), and cover urogenital infections with a mild clinical course. At present, clinical trials are being continued of the administration of several subsequent drugs from this group, the most advanced of these being the use of canagliflozin and empagliflozin.
Designing primers potentially specific to Entamoeba gingivalis genes
Authors: Abramek Jagoda
Published: December 2015

Entamoeba gingivalis normally exists in the human oral cavity, namely in the gums, and brings about some specific diseases. However, it can also trigger some more serious illnesses. Among these are infections of the genital tract, acute osteomyelitis of the mandible and pulmonary abscess. Entamoeba gingivalis identification by light microscopy is difficult, hence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used. The contemporary primers for PCR are complement to 18S rRNA. This article informs the reader of the process that was involved in designing new primers for three genes which were thought to be present on the Entamoeba gingivalis genome, but their sequences were unknown. The newly obtained sequences of primers have better properties for identification purposes, compared to these which are currently used.
Desloratadine analysis: as a pharmaceutical preparation and after accelerating ageing
Authors: Bober Katarzyna , Płonka Marlena , Miszczyk Marek
Published: December 2015

Desloratadine is a biologically active compound that is not described in the Polish Pharmacopoeia IX, hence, its study is particular important. The aim of this work was to establish a procedure for desloratadine analysis by way of HPTLC in combination with densitometry, so as to be able to ascertain its presence and degree of presence within pharmaceutical preparations. In our work, a mixture of ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ammonia and methanol was used as the mobile phase. Moreover, HPTLC plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 were also employed. The proposed method was tested and subsequently validated. Spectrodensitometric analysis was then performed to determine the optimal wavelength for the quantitative determination (λ=276 nm), and following this, a quantitative analysis of desloratadine within certain pharmaceutical preparations was performed. Our research also took into consideration an analysis of the products of desloratadine decomposition that come about as a result of the accelerated aging of its solutions. The employed procedure for accelerating the aging of such desloratadine solutions consisted of heating these at 40℃ and then irradiating the solution surfaces with UV light. The changing color of these solutions after 2 hours of exposure served to indicate that degradation had occurred. Of note: as a result of irradiation with UV light, desloratadine content was seen to decrease with time, declining to almost zero after 30 hours. However, heating a solution of desloratadine alone did not induce a change in its content. Solutions of desloratadine that had previously undergone irradiation and heating were also analyzed to ascertain whether new substances were present. For this purpose, the GC-MS process was employed. As a result of this procedure, the spectrum of the solution after aging showed the presence of several new peaks that displayed retention several times larger and smaller than the normal desloratadine peak.
(Ir-)responsible disclosure of software vulnerabilities and the risk of criminal liability
Authors: Brodowski Dominik
Published: December 2015

Whenever security researchers find an exploitable vulnerability in
software, they face several options: Common examples are contacting
the author, maintainer or vendor of the software in private (limited
disclosure), publishing information on the vulnerability – possibly
with a proof-of-concept of how to exploit it – (full disclosure),
a combination of both (responsible disclosure), or even selling
information on the vulnerability to third parties. In this article, I
will discuss the legal obligations and the legal limitations to the
various, typical options available to IT security researchers, with
a specific focus on how they may comply with German and European
criminal law.
Reperformances and the Transmission of Texts
Authors: Finglass Patrick J.
Published: December 2015

This chapter analyses the impact of reperformance traditions on the transmission of the texts of classical drama, including, but not limited to, the question of actors’ interpolations and adaptations.
Decomposition of Sohncke space groups into products of Bieberbach and symmorphic parts
Authors: Chirikjian Gregory S. , Ratnayake Kushan , Sajjadi Sajdeh
Published: December 2015

Point groups consist of rotations, reflections, and roto-reflections and are foundational in crystallography. Symmorphic space groups are those that can be decomposed as a semi-direct product of pure translations and pure point subgroups. In contrast, Bieberbach groups consist of pure translations, screws, and glides. These “torsion-free” space groups are rarely mentioned as being a special class outside of the mathematics literature. Every space group can be thought of as lying along a spectrum with the symmorphic case at one extreme and Bieberbach space groups at the other. The remaining nonsymmorphic space groups lie somewhere in between. Many of these can be decomposed into semi-direct products of Bieberbach subgroups and point transformations. In particular, we show that those 3D Sohncke space groups most populated by macromolecular crystals obey such decompositions. We tabulate these decompositions for those Sohncke groups that admit such decompositions. This has implications to the study of packing arrangements in macromolecular crystals. We also observe that every Sohncke group can be written as a product of Bieberbach and symmorphic subgroups, and this has implications for new nomenclature for space groups.
Maltreatment of Children Under Age 2 With Specific Birth Defects: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Van Horne Bethanie S. , Moffitt Karen B. , Canfield Mark A. , Case Amy P. , Greeley Christopher S. , Morgan Robert , Mitchell Laura E.
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Children with disabilities are at an increased risk for maltreatment. However, the risk of maltreatment is unknown for children with specific types of birth defects. This study was conducted to determine whether the risk and predictors of maltreatment differ between children with and without 3 birth defects: Down syndrome, cleft lip with/without cleft palate, and spina bifida.

METHODS:

This population-based study of substantiated childhood maltreatment was conducted in Texas from 2002 to 2011. Linked data were used to describe the risk and types of maltreatment that occurred before age 2 years in children with and without specific birth defects. Poisson regression was used to identify predictors of maltreatment and assess differences in those predictors between children with and without these specific birth defects.

RESULTS:

The risk of maltreatment (any type) in children with cleft lip with/without cleft palate and spina bifida was increased by 40% and 58%, respectively, compared with children with no birth defects. The risk of any maltreatment was similar between children with Down syndrome and unaffected children. Across birth defect groups, the risk of medical neglect was 3 to 6 times higher than in the unaffected group. Child-, family-, and neighborhood-level factors predicted maltreatment in children with and without birth defects.

CONCLUSIONS:

The overall risk of substantiated maltreatment was significantly higher for some but not all birth defect groups. The factors associated with increased risk were similar across groups. Enhancement of existing maltreatment prevention and early intervention programs may be effective mechanisms to provide at-risk families additional support.
Critical Elements for the Pediatric Perioperative Anesthesia Environment
Authors:   Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tobias Joseph , Agarwal Rita , Anderson Corrie , Bannister Carolyn , Hardy Courtney , Honkanen Anita , Rehman Mohamed
Published: December 2015

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed May 2023.

The American Academy of Pediatrics proposes guidance for the pediatric perioperative anesthesia environment. Essential components are identified to optimize the perioperative environment for the anesthetic care of infants and children. Such an environment promotes the safety and well-being of infants and children by reducing the risk of adverse events.
Apnea of Prematurity
Authors: Eichenwald Eric C. ,   COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN, Watterberg Kristi L. , Aucott Susan , Benitz William E. , Cummings James J. , Goldsmith Jay , Poindexter Brenda B. , Puopolo Karen , Stewart Dan L. , Wang Kasper S.
Published: December 2015

Apnea of prematurity is one of the most common diagnoses in the NICU. Despite the frequency of apnea of prematurity, it is unknown whether recurrent apnea, bradycardia, and hypoxemia in preterm infants are harmful. Research into the development of respiratory control in immature animals and preterm infants has facilitated our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of apnea of prematurity. However, the lack of consistent definitions, monitoring practices, and consensus about clinical significance leads to significant variation in practice. The purpose of this clinical report is to review the evidence basis for the definition, epidemiology, and treatment of apnea of prematurity as well as discharge recommendations for preterm infants diagnosed with recurrent apneic events.
Rhotacism in Spanish and its decline in Ciudad Real (Spain). A case study of a change in progress nearing completion
Authors: Kapović Marko
Published: December 2015

This paper begins with an examination of rhotacism as a phonetic process and the conditioning factors that govern its occurrence. Its importance among Spanish varieties and its place within the syllable-final s weakening continuum is also considered. Next we turn to the gradual disappearance of this phenomenon in Ciudad Real, using both apparent time inferences and real time evidence. The results from our investigation show a somewhat atypical change from below and an interesting development of the syllable-final s weakening process; namely, rhotacism is not replaced by the standard canonical form but rather gives way to a more advanced form of weakening. This implies that, although the standard variant has shown complete stability during the last century, the weakening process is progressing among the non-standard allophones. From a methodological point of view, this study has revealed the importance of analyzing different individual contexts in which the syllable-final s can appear, since global data can conceal some important patterns.
The use of Catalan verbal periphrases 'haver de' and 'tenir que' on Twitter
Authors: Stokes Craig R.
Published: December 2015

The present study investigates the use of a standard Catalan deontic modal construction haver de + infinitive ‘to have to’ and the nonstandard variant tenir que + infinitive ‘to have to’ in Twitter entries originating from eight cities, representing different Catalan dialects. Although the nonstandard form has been labeled in the literature as a calque of Spanish tener que + infinitive ‘to have to’, it appears in Twitter messages in all of the dialects analyzed. In fact, in our sample there are dialects in which tenir que occurs more frequently than haver de. Grammatical person of the verb used (haver or tenir) is also analyzed as a factor behind the choice of modal periphrasis. Multivariate analysis has been employed, determining that both of these factors (dialect and grammatical person) are statistically significant. The results of the multivariate analysis allow us to apply van Coetsem’s (1988) theoretical framework in an attempt to describe the language contact situation in the different dialects. Source-language (sl) agentivity appears to be at work in the dialects where the nonstandard variant is prevalent, while recipient-language (rl) agentivity could be behind the use of the standard variant in the other dialects.
Factors affecting the knowledge of Chuvash language amongst school students in Russia
Authors: Alòs i Font Hèctor , Tovar-García Edgar Demetrio
Published: December 2015

This paper empirically studies the impact of socioeconomic status and type of settlement on Chuvash language knowledge in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. In addition to presenting our survey results of 2,848 schoolchildren from September, 2012 to October, 2013, this research uses logit regressions to test the effect of social class, family income, parental education, rural origin, ethnicity, parental language proficiency, population size and distance to the capital city (Shupashkar/Cheboksary) on Chuvash language knowledge. In contrast to most of the previous literature, we do not analyze the effect of migration on language; the surveyed schoolchildren were usually born in Chuvashia, Russia. Our findings suggest that socioeconomic status, embodied principally in schoolchildren’s rural origin, has a negative impact on Chuvash knowledge. Schoolchildren living and studying in bigger towns and cities, and near the capital, are less likely to have a good Chuvash knowledge. These results are robust to different indicators of the key explanatory variables and econometric methods.
“The obligation of newspeople is not only to give the news accurately; it is also to say it correctly”: Production and perception of broadcaster speech
Authors: Strelluf Christopher
Published: December 2015

This research explores the popular belief among Americans that broadcasters speak a ‘correct’ version of American English. Six broadcast journalism students and six non journalism students recorded news stories as if they were ‘on radio or television’. Their readings are examined auditorily for intervocalic-/t/ flapping, coronal stop deletion, variable (ng), and allegro gonna-wanna. Samples of speech from interviews with the students are also examined for comparison between tasks. Results show that students being trained as broadcasters do not meet the popular expectation for producing prescriptively standard speech, suggesting that these sociolinguistic variables operate consistently across speakers and refuting folk perceptions about broadcaster speech. News readings are also ranked and commented on by listeners for perceived professionalism. Respondents are generally able to differentiate trained broadcasters from other speakers. Rankings do not reward prescriptivist productions. Respondents are also less consistent in ranking African American speakers for professionalism than they are white speakers.
Automated Writing Analysis for Writing Pedagogy
Authors: Cotos Elena
Published: December 2015

This article aims to engage specialists in writing pedagogy, assessment, genre study, and educational technologies in a constructive dialog and joint exploration of automated writing analysis as a potent instantiation of computer-enhanced assessment for learning. It recounts the values of writing pedagogy and, from this perspective, examines legitimate concerns with automated writing analysis. Emphasis is placed on the need to substantiate the construct-driven debate with systematic empirical evidence that would corroborate or refute interpretations, uses, and consequences of automated scoring and feedback tools intended for specific contexts. Such evidence can be obtained by adopting a validity argument framework. To demonstrate an application of this framework, the article presents a novel genre-based approach to automated analysis configured to support research writing and provides examples of validity evidence for using it with novice scholarly writers.
Razvoj poslovnointeligenčnih sistemov v slovenski javni upravi – študija primera [Development of Business Intelligence Systems in Slovenian Public Administration – A Case Study]
Authors: Terglav Jurij
Published: December 2015

Poslovnointeligenčni sistemi (BIS) postajajo pomemben dejavnik uspešnega poslovanja organizacij. Za njihovo uvajanje je v literaturi predstavljeno veliko metodoloških pristopov, področje uporabe pa je v pretežni meri gospodarstvo. Zaradi vseh koristi je smiselna uporaba BIS tudi v javni upravi, kjer pa je na tem področju manj izkušenj in znanstvenih raziskav. Članek obravnava primernost uporabe metodologij za razvoj poslovnointeligenčnih sistemov v javni upravi, pri čemer smo ob upoštevanju specifičnih lastnosti BIS preučili praktični primer v eni od organizacij javne uprave, kjer so za razvoj BIS uporabili splošno metodologijo razvoja informacijskih sistemov, prvotno razvito za gospodarstvo. Kot raziskovalna metoda je bila uporabljena študija primera, s katero smo ovrednotili uporabljeno razvojno metodo in opredelili osnove za prihodnje raziskave na področju razvoja BIS v javniupravi. Z raziskavo je bilo ugotovljeno, da uporabljene metode razvoja, ki so bile razvite za informacijske sisteme v gospodarstvu, ne upoštevajo specifičnih lastnosti in razlik javne uprave in sistemov BIS, zato bi jih bilo treba ustrezno dopolniti in prilagoditi.Business Intelligence Systems (BIS) have become an important factor in successful business operations. In literature there are many methodological approaches to their implementation, but they have been mainly applied in the private sector. Due to all the advantages of BIS, their implementation in the public administration would be reasonable as well, however, limited experience and scientific research are available in this area. This paper deals with the applicability of the methodologies of BIS development in public administration. Focusing on the specific characteristics of the public administration, we have studied a case in one of the governmental organizations, where a general method of BIS development was used, which was originally developed for the private sector. As a research method a case study was used, on the basis of which the implemented method of BIS development was evaluated and the groundwork for future research in the field of public administration defined. By means of this research we have found that the implemented methods of BIS development, which were developed for the private sector information systems, do not consider the specific characteristics and differences of the public administration and the BIS systems. Therefore, considering their specific features, they should be properly completed and adapted.