bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Global Port Operations and Their Influence on Port Labor
Authors: Laventhal William , Theofanis Sotiris , Boile Maria
Published: November 2010

The port industry has undergone substantial structural changes during the past 15 years. The emergence of global terminal operators, global oligopolistic market consolidation, vertical and horizontal integration of liner shipping, and the new structure of global production networks in relation to emerging technologies are only a few of the factors that have fundamentally influenced port labor. Ports are no longer isolated functional nodes of the transportation chain, but are a fundamental component of a seamless supply chain, working along with satellite and inland terminals. At the same time, marine terminals sometimes function as extended warehouses, providing flexible virtual inventory. These developments have created substantial challenges to port labor, including the need for upgraded working skills, enhanced productivity, and the ability to adopt flexible working conditions. Unionized port labor has been traditionally highly inflexible in changing attitudes and adapting to new port work practices. In contrast, the explosion of port service demand in emerging economies, particularly in East Asia, was followed by an unprecedented increase in port productivity, coupled by flexibility in port working practices that cannot be accepted by unionized port labor in the United States and Europe. This paper examines some of the current challenges and implications for the U.S. East Coast port labor force—the International Longshoremen's Association—due to global developments in international trade and global port operations. It proposes that future research incorporate a broad range of disciplines in order to understand the competitive environment facing longshoremen better.
Modified Herfindahl–Hirschman Index for Measuring the Concentration Degree of Container Port Systems
Authors: Le Yiping , Ieda Hitoshi
Published: November 2010

In the evolution of the container port system, “concentration” has been highlighted in both shipping practices and the literature. However, existing concentration measures such as the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) cannot appropriately be used to measure the degree of concentration of port markets. This paper aims to develop a standardized index for measuring the concentration degree of container port systems on a country level. The geo-economic concentration index, a modified HHI that considers competitive interactions between ports by incorporating geographical and economic characteristics of countries, is presented. The developed index was applied to 10 selected port systems to examine how their concentration degree changed from 1975 to 2007. The results show that the modified HHI can better reflect the concentration degree of port systems than the conventional HHI.
Resilience Framework for Ports and Other Intermodal Components
Authors: Nair Rahul , Avetisyan Hakob , Miller-Hooks Elise
Published: November 2010

Intermodal (IM) freight systems and their components play a significant role in the U.S. and world economies. Terminals and ports are critical components of these systems. These components however, are, by the nature of their design inherently vulnerable to natural and terrorist attack, and evidence is mounting that an attack on or involving the IM freight transport system and its components would have catastrophic consequences. Significant effort has been expended on the development of technologies and other measures that can aid in addressing these security needs at ports in the United States and abroad. A quantitative measure, termed resilience, is employed to determine the best set of actions to improve security at nodal facilities in an IM network. Resilience accounts for both the innate reliability of a facility and the ability of short-term recovery actions to mitigate negative effects. This concept has been employed at the system level. A framework for its application at the IM component level is proposed. A case-based analysis is conducted to produce the specific steps required to apply this concept to an existing port. The framework is general and can be applied to any IM nodal component, such as terminals, marshalling yards, and border control stations. The resulting ability to quantify the component's level of vulnerability will aid decision makers in assessing trade-offs between investment and costly security implementations.
Bertrand Competition with Capacity Expansion
Authors: Luo Meifeng , Liu Liming , Gao Fei
Published: November 2010

This study analyzes factors and competitive strategies for a market that is in transition from monopoly to duopoly and uses port competition as an example. The study models two ports that serve the same hinterland and compete strategically by using both pricing and capacity investment. Both ports are profit maximizers, and port expansions are lumpy, indivisible, and irreversible. The decision-making process of the two ports is analyzed with a two-stage game. In the first stage, two ports compete with each other on capacity expansion. In the second stage, they follow Bertrand competition with differentiated products conditional on realized port capacities. Within this formulation, the lack of credibility and ineffectiveness of preemptive pricing in market deterrence is shown by using the mutual best-response functions in the pricing subgame. In the capacity expansion game, the pure-strategy Nash equilibria for different scenarios characterized by the gain from expansion and the annual capital cost of investment are identified. The case study explains the past transition of market power, the fast development in Shenzhen port, and possible market structure with continued demand increase.
Framework for Earthquake Risk Assessment for Container Ports
Authors: Ivey Lindsay M. , Rix Glenn J. , Werner Stuart D. , Erera Alan L.
Published: November 2010

As critical transportation infrastructure, ports are vulnerable to a variety of natural disasters. On the West Coast of the United States, earthquakes are a concern. Currently, risk management practices for seismic design in ports consider only the seismic performance of individual wharf and crane structures. The practices do not consider how damage to and downtime of these structures might disrupt the overall port system's ship-handling operations or what regional, national, and even international economic impacts could result from extended earthquake-induced disruption of a major container port. Managing risks from systemwide disruptions caused by earthquake damage is the focus of a Grand Challenge project sponsored by the National Science Foundation Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation program. This paper provides an overview of the concepts and methods developed for the seismic risk assessment of a portwide system of berths (with their particular wharf and crane structures). The paper also presents examples of how such an analysis might be used by port decision makers to make more informed decisions of design, retrofit, operational, and other seismic risk–management options.
The Impact of Unified Party Government on Campaign Contributions
Authors: ENGSTROM ERIK J. , EWELL WILLIAM
Published: November 2010

This article examines the connection between unified party government and campaign contributions. Our central argument is that unified party government confers a substantial, but previously overlooked, fundraising advantage to intra‐chamber majority parties. We examined data on corporate campaign contributions to U.S. House incumbents and state legislators in 17 different legislative chambers. We found a strong fundraising benefit accruing to intra‐chamber majority status across all of these legislatures, but the benefit is heavily conditioned by the presence of unified or divided government. The results offer important implications for our understanding of the financial balance of power in American politics and for the vast scholarly literature on unified party government.
The Influence of Conference Committees on Policy Outcomes
Authors: WIELEN RYAN J. VANDER
Published: November 2010

This article examines the effect that the spatial location of conference committees relative to the parent bodies has on congressional policy outcomes. The article presents a theoretical model proposing that conferees choose policies that maximize their policy utility subject to the constraint of gaining House and Senate majorities on the conference report. I tested the model using conferences on bills associated with votes that generated liberal‐conservative divisions. The results confirm that, under specified conditions, conferees pull outcomes away from the parent bodies toward conferee preferences.
“It Takes a Coalition”: Coalition Potential and Legislative Decision Making
Authors: AKSOY DENIZ
Published: November 2010

This article empirically illustrates the value of coalition formation in legislative bargaining. I argue that legislators’ potential to form powerful coalitions, their coalition potential, is essential to their ability to obtain preferred policy outcomes. Using data on the European Union's legislative process, I show that coalition potential significantly increases legislators’ success. Moreover, the value of coalition potential depends on the voting rules used to pass legislation. For example, under the unanimity voting rule, the importance of coalition potential is insignificant because of the veto power held by each legislator.
Recent N-Atom Containing Compounds from Indo-Pacific Invertebrates
Authors: Kashman Yoel , Bishara Ashgan , Aknin Maurice
Published: November 2010

A large variety of unique N-atom containing compounds (alkaloids) without terrestrial counterparts, have been isolated from marine invertebrates, mainly sponges and ascidians. Many of these compounds display interesting biological activities. In this report we present studies on nitrogenous compounds, isolated by our group during the last few years, from Indo-Pacific sponges, one ascidian and one gorgonian. The major part of the review deals with metabolites from the Madagascar sponge Fascaplysinopsis sp., namely, four groups of secondary metabolites, the salarins, tulearins, taumycins and tausalarins.
Lobophytones O–T, New Biscembranoids and Cembranoid from Soft Coral Lobophytum pauciflorum
Authors: Yan Pengcheng , Deng Zhiwei , Ofwegen Leen van , Proksch Peter , Lin Wenhan
Published: November 2010

Chemical examination of a Chinese soft coral Lobophytum pauciflorum resulted in the isolation of five new biscembranoids named lobophytones O–S (1–5) and a new “monomeric” cembrane lobophytone T (6). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectroscopic data in association with MS and IR data. Lobophytone Q showed significant inhibition against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) release in mouse peritoneal macrophages, while lobophytones Q and T showed inhibitory activities against the bacteria S. aureus and S. pneumoniae.
Polypyrrole Porous Micro Humidity Sensor Integrated with a Ring Oscillator Circuit on Chip
Authors: Yang Ming-Zhi , Dai Ching-Liang , Lu De-Hao
Published: November 2010

This study presents the design and fabrication of a capacitive micro humidity sensor integrated with a five-stage ring oscillator circuit on chip using the complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The area of the humidity sensor chip is about 1 mm2. The humidity sensor consists of a sensing capacitor and a sensing film. The sensing capacitor is constructed from spiral interdigital electrodes that can enhance the sensitivity of the sensor. The sensing film of the sensor is polypyrrole, which is prepared by the chemical polymerization method, and the film has a porous structure. The sensor needs a post-CMOS process to coat the sensing film. The post-CMOS process uses a wet etching to etch the sacrificial layers, and then the polypyrrole is coated on the sensing capacitor. The sensor generates a change in capacitance when the sensing film absorbs or desorbs vapor. The ring oscillator circuit converts the capacitance variation of the sensor into the oscillation frequency output. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of the humidity sensor is about 99 kHz/%RH at 25 °C.
Error Analysis of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data by Means of Spherical Statistics and 3D Graphs
Authors: Cuartero Aurora , Armesto Julia , Rodríguez Pablo G. , Arias Pedro
Published: November 2010

This paper presents a complete analysis of the positional errors of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data based on spherical statistics and 3D graphs. Spherical statistics are preferred because of the 3D vectorial nature of the spatial error. Error vectors have three metric elements (one module and two angles) that were analyzed by spherical statistics. A study case has been presented and discussed in detail. Errors were calculating using 53 check points (CP) and CP coordinates were measured by a digitizer with submillimetre accuracy. The positional accuracy was analyzed by both the conventional method (modular errors analysis) and the proposed method (angular errors analysis) by 3D graphics and numerical spherical statistics. Two packages in R programming language were performed to obtain graphics automatically. The results indicated that the proposed method is advantageous as it offers a more complete analysis of the positional accuracy, such as angular error component, uniformity of the vector distribution, error isotropy, and error, in addition the modular error component by linear statistics.
Sensor Based Framework for Secure Multimedia Communication in VANET
Authors: Rahim Aneel , Khan Zeeshan.Shafi , Muhaya Fahad T. Bin , Sher Muhammad , Kim Tai-Hoon
Published: November 2010

Secure multimedia communication enhances the safety of passengers by providing visual pictures of accidents and danger situations. In this paper we proposed a framework for secure multimedia communication in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). Our proposed framework is mainly divided into four components: redundant information, priority assignment, malicious data verification and malicious node verification. The proposed scheme jhas been validated with the help of the NS-2 network simulator and the Evalvid tool.
Extended Target Recognition in Cognitive Radar Networks
Authors: Wei Yimin , Meng Huadong , Liu Yimin , Wang Xiqin
Published: November 2010

We address the problem of adaptive waveform design for extended target recognition in cognitive radar networks. A closed-loop active target recognition radar system is extended to the case of a centralized cognitive radar network, in which a generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) based sequential hypothesis testing (SHT) framework is employed. Using Doppler velocities measured by multiple radars, the target aspect angle for each radar is calculated. The joint probability of each target hypothesis is then updated using observations from different radar line of sights (LOS). Based on these probabilities, a minimum correlation algorithm is proposed to adaptively design the transmit waveform for each radar in an amplitude fluctuation situation. Simulation results demonstrate performance improvements due to the cognitive radar network and adaptive waveform design. Our minimum correlation algorithm outperforms the eigen-waveform solution and other non-cognitive waveform design approaches.
Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins: From Plant Defense to Tumor Attack
Authors: Virgilio Maddalena de , Lombardi Alessio , Caliandro Rocco , Fabbrini Maria Serena
Published: November 2010

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are EC3.2.32.22 N-glycosidases that recognize a universally conserved stem-loop structure in 23S/25S/28S rRNA, depurinating a single adenine (A4324 in rat) and irreversibly blocking protein translation, leading finally to cell death of intoxicated mammalian cells. Ricin, the plant RIP prototype that comprises a catalytic A subunit linked to a galactose-binding lectin B subunit to allow cell surface binding and toxin entry in most mammalian cells, shows a potency in the picomolar range. The most promising way to exploit plant RIPs as weapons against cancer cells is either by designing molecules in which the toxic domains are linked to selective tumor targeting domains or directly delivered as suicide genes for cancer gene therapy. Here, we will provide a comprehensive picture of plant RIPs and discuss successful designs and features of chimeric molecules having therapeutic potential.
The Future of HCV Therapy: NS4B as an Antiviral Target
Authors: Dvory-Sobol Hadas , Pang Philip S. , Glenn Jeffrey S.
Published: November 2010

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major worldwide cause of liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is estimated that more than 170 million individuals are infected with HCV, with three to four million new cases each year. The current standard of care, combination treatment with interferon and ribavirin, eradicates the virus in only about 50% of chronically infected patients. Notably, neither of these drugs directly target HCV. Many new antiviral therapies that specifically target hepatitis C (e.g. NS3 protease or NS5B polymerase inhibitors) are therefore in development, with a significant number having advanced into clinical trials. The nonstructural 4B (NS4B) protein, is among the least characterized of the HCV structural and nonstructural proteins and has been subjected to few pharmacological studies. NS4B is an integral membrane protein with at least four predicted transmembrane (TM) domains. A variety of functions have been postulated for NS4B, such as the ability to induce the membranous web replication platform, RNA binding and NTPase activity. This review summarizes potential targets within the nonstructural protein NS4B, with a focus on novel classes of NS4B inhibitors.
Intramolecular hydroxycarbene C–H-insertion: The curious case of (o-methoxyphenyl)hydroxycarbene
Authors: Gerbig Dennis , Ley David , Reisenauer Hans Peter , Schreiner Peter R
Published: November 2010

The first C–H insertion of a hydroxycarbene species in the gas phase has been observed experimentally by means of high vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) and subsequent matrix isolation: (o-Methoxyphenyl)glyoxylic acid gives non-isolable (o-methoxyphenyl)hydroxycarbene upon pyrolysis at 600 °C, which rapidly inserts into the methyl C–H bond. The insertion product, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-ol, was trapped in an excess of Ar at 11 K and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The insertion process kinetically outruns the alternative [1,2]H-tunneling reaction to o-anisaldehyde, a type of reaction observed for other hydroxycarbenes. Traces of the dehydration product, benzo[b]furan, were also detected. The potential energy hypersurface including the insertion and hydrogen migration processes was computed at the all-electron coupled-cluster level of theory encompassing single and double substitutions and perturbatively included triple excitations [AE-CCSD(T)] in conjunction with a correlation-consistent double-ζ basis set (cc-pVDZ) by utilizing density functional theory (DFT) optimized geometries (M06-2X/cc-pVDZ) with zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE) corrections. Exchange of the methoxy for a trifluoromethoxy group successfully prevents insertion and (o-trifluoromethoxy)benzaldehyde is produced instead; however, the carbene cannot be observed under these conditions. Thermal decomposition of (o-methoxyphenyl)glyoxylic acid in refluxing xylenes does not give the insertion product but yields o-anisaldehyde. This unanticipated outcome can be rationalized by protonation of the hydroxycarbene intermediate leading to the tautomeric formyl group. Thermochemical computations at M06-2X/cc-pVDZ in conjunction with a self-consistent solvent reaction field model support this suggested reaction pathway.
Zearalenone occurrence and human exposure
Authors: Maragos C.
Published: November 2010

Among the mycotoxins zearalenone (ZEA) is of interest because of the oestrogenic effects that it, and certain of
its metabolites possess. The fungi that produce ZEA are found worldwide, particularly in cereal grains and derived
products. This has prompted many surveys to detect these compounds in commodities and foods. As a result,
the widespread occurrence of ZEA in foods is well documented. Previous summaries including extensive reports
by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), the European Commission's Scientific
Cooperation on Questions Relating to Food (SCOOP), and others, have provided significant information on the
occurrence of ZEA in commodities and foods. Publication of occurrence data has continued at a rapid pace, and
certain of that data, as well as highlights from previous intake and exposure assessments, are summarised herein.
Comparing estimates of intake (exposure) with previous estimates of tolerable daily intakes, suggests that, for many
of the countries where exposure assessments have been done, the populations are exposed to levels that would
be considered safe. The situation may be different in populations that consume large quantities of foods that are
susceptible to contamination, or in instances where contamination is atypically high. For much of the world estimates
of exposure have not been reported, meaning that for much of the world, the true extent of the relevance of ZEA
to human health remains uncharacterised.
Zearalenone and its metabolites as endocrine disrupting chemicals
Authors: Metzler M. , Pfeiffer E. , Hildebrand A.
Published: November 2010

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a macrocyclic β-resorcylic acid lactone produced by numerous species of Fusarium. It
frequently contaminates corn and cereal products in many regions of the world. The biological activity of ZEA is
dominated by its pronounced oestrogenicity, which is even enhanced in certain reductive metabolites. This review
updates the metabolism in fungi, plants and mammalian systems, as well as the pharmacokinetics of ZEA. The
present evidence for the hormonal effects of the parent mycoestrogen and some of its metabolites in vitro and in
farm and experimental animals in vivo is reviewed, together with its association with endocrine-disruptive effects
in humans. Possible mechanisms of the oestrogenic and carcinogenic activity of ZEA are discussed and future areas
of research proposed.
Beauvericin and enniatin: emerging toxins and/or remedies?
Authors: Tedjiotsop Feudjio F. , Dornetshuber R. , Lemmens M. , Hoffmann O. , Lemmens-Gruber R. , Berger W.
Published: November 2010

Beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (ENN) are emerging Fusarium mycotoxins that are known to contaminate food
and feed. BEA- and ENN-mediated cytotoxicity towards various mammalian and cancer cell lines is only partly
understood yet and engages several cellular targets and molecular mechanisms. Thus, the channel forming ability
of BEA and ENN selectively directs a flux of cations – particularly calcium – into the cell. The resulting increased
intracellular calcium levels might be at least in part responsible for their cytotoxicity. Additionally, BEA and ENN
activate programmed cell death via the internal mitochondrial pathway (release of cytochrome c, activation of
pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax and activation of caspases). Several cellular signalling pathways and regulators
are influenced by these fusariotoxins including MAPK, NF-κB and p53. The in vitro cytotoxicity implicates that
these compounds could be potentially used as cancer therapeutics. However, considering their high prevalence in
grains destined for consumption, also potential systemic toxicity towards humans and animals has to be considered.
Interestingly, the few studies that have addressed this issue in animals so far predominantly reported minor effects
at least as far as acute toxicity is concerned. However, consequences especially of chronic exposure but also at
pharmacologically active doses in humans/animals have not been explored in detail. Nevertheless, both compounds
exhibit interesting pharmacological characteristics (as they are cytotoxic especially to cancer cells, inhibit drug
efflux pumps, are non-mutagenic, inhibit bone resorption) which suggest them as potential drug candidates to fight
disseminated cancer. Thus, detailed studies on the consequences of chronic and bolus BEA and ENN exposure are
eagerly needed.
A Cloth Simulation Method for Cloth/ Machinery Coupled System Unified Modeling
Authors: Yu Hai Yan , Wang Yong Xing , Wang Sheng Ze , Geng Zhao Feng
Published: November 2010

In some textile machines, fabric is an inseparable element for motion and force transmitting. But the existing mechanical simulation software cannot model the fabric. This paper proposes a new cloth simulation method by blurring machinery (rigid) and cloth (soft) boundaries. This approach simulates the soft with tiny rigid bodies, large deformation with small ones. It aims to integrate the cloth modeling to the mechanical simulation system. Finally, we establish a cloth simulation model on the mechanical modeling and simulation platform, which is an embodiment of our integrated concept.
Research on Electromagnetic Field Analysis of Magnetic Levitation Rail Machine
Authors: Ma Su Yang , Liao Ping , Wu Guo Qing , Mao Jing Feng , Jiang An Dong
Published: November 2010

This paper introduced the working principle of magnetic levitation rail machine and carried out the magnetic analysis. Take the weight of 132N simulation workbench prototype for example, finite element analysis of rail electromagnetic fields is applied through ANSYS software to find out the variation law of magnetic field distribution and affecting factors. Analysis shows that magnetic levitation rail machine has small leakage magnetic field, high load capacity and large anti-external disturbances capacity if the parallelism and the straightness of magnetic levitation rail machine are no more than 0.1mm and 0.2mm respectively when the table is suspended normally. The research results provides theoretical basis for structural optimization of the magnetic levitation rail machine.
Research on Energy Saving Scheme of CVT in Automobile
Authors: Xi Ping Yuan , Chen Limin
Published: November 2010

The continuously variable transmission (CVT) offers the potential of allowing the engine operate near the optimal efficiency curve throughout a continuous range of velocity ratios. So the fuel economy of the automobile will be improved distinctly with the CVT having high mechanical efficiency. The double parameter shifting rule is used more frequently in the automatic transmission. The accurate model of CVT was developed and integrated with the control strategy in this paper. The CVT enables the engine to operate under the most economical conditions, which makes the fuel consumption be reduced and the efficiency be improved.
Research on Information Integration of Production Management and Decision Information Visualization in Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Chang Jian Tao , Qiu Yuan Ying , Kong Xian Guang , Li Shen
Published: November 2010

With the development of information technology, information visualization and integration of ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning) and MES (Manufacturing Execution System) are becoming important tasks that many enterprises have to face. The essentiality of product information integration and information visualization was elaborated. Key technologies of the system were studied, such as database integration technologies, information parallelism, data mining and information visualization. The system of production management integration and decision information visualization was developed based on the key technologies. The results show that the production process can be controlled more precisely and the efficiency of production can be improved by this system, and it also provides supports to workshop manager’s production decision.
An Expert System for Negative Developing
Authors: Wang Yan Lin , Wang Hao
Published: November 2010

Photographic developing machine has been widely used in printing business nowadays. In this paper, a developing expert system (DES) was built. The production knowledge representation, data-directed search control and context avoiding mechanism were designed in DES. DES can give appropriate developing time and temperature according to developer formulation, the type of negative and developing quality needed. On the basis of actual temperature, the developing time can be modified by DES on line in order to ensure the production quality. Experimental results show that the developing machine controlled by DES can develop negatives automatically with appropriate time and temperature.
Research on Mechanism of Improving Electrical Properties of ZnO Varistor Ceramics by Laser Shock Processing
Authors: Chen Rui Fang , Hua Yin Qun , Ji Guang , Sun Zhen Zhen
Published: November 2010

In order to improve electrical properties, annealed ZnO varistor ceramics have been treated by laser shock processing (LSP). Electrical parameters of the annealed ZnO varistor ceramics were measured by CJ1001 Varistor Tester. Morphology and microstructure of the annealed ZnO varistor ceramics were gained by XRD and SEM. The results indicate that compared with the electrical properties of the annealed ZnO varistor ceramics, the voltage gradient of the ZnO varistor ceramics treated by LSP remains the same, the nonlinear coefficient substantially increases by 31.6%, and the leakage current reduces by 33.3%. Meanwhile, the phase composition of the annealed ZnO varistor ceramics is mainly composed of ZnO main phase, Zn2.33Sb0.67O4, β-Bi2O3, and δ-Bi2O3 phase; while the phase composition of the ZnO varistor ceramics remains the above four phases in the compound state (anneal and then LSP), but the content of δ-Bi2O3 phase increases. The increase of δ-Bi2O3 phase content is the main reason for improving the electrical properties of the annealed ZnO varistor ceramics.
Research on Optimization and Debugging Simulation Model of Logistics Center Based on Neural Network
Authors: Jin Chang Fei , Yang Hong Ming , Wang Lu Ling
Published: November 2010

An important aspect of simulation modeling of the logistics center is the optimization and debugging. Usually it takes lengthy time to debug the logistics center simulation model by the traditional method. This paper presented a new method to debug simulation model. Through analyzing the data streams of the simulation model, the dominant sets of model parameters were identified to modify the model. The results show that this method can enhance the debug efficiency of model simulation.
Research on V-Groove Angle of Rotated Dual-Plates Lapping Machine
Authors: Yuan Ju Long , Yao Wei Feng , Deng Qian Fa , Lv Bing Hai
Published: November 2010

The V-groove angle of the machine is considered as one of important factors affecting the processing and the ball’s precision. To study its effect, the three-dimensional model of RDP lapping machine is built and a series of simulations at different V-groove angles are carried out, using the software ADAMS based on the RDP principle. The influence of three parameters including spin angle, spin angular velocity and revolution angular velocity are discussed by observing and analyzing the simulation results. It is concluded that some optimized V-groove angles can improve the sphericity of ball; some ones can induce the balls to move back and roll during some periods of the processing.
Semi-Closed Loop Control of NC Machine Tools Based on the Displacement Error
Authors: Gao Ji , Zhao Qiang , Xia Tian
Published: November 2010

The displacement tolerance of Semi-closed loop control NC machine tool is an important index influencing processing procession. Based on this point, theory analysis and experiment is developed in this study. Both the source of displacement tolerance and influence factor are listed. The tolerance model is proposed for evaluation of the theory. The calculation results indicated that the tolerance model are accurate.
Simulation about Sports Bicycle Frame Based on the Experiments
Authors: Wang Jian Hua , Zhao Jing Nan , Zhao Yong Sheng , Wang Zhe , Guo Dong Liang
Published: November 2010

To verify the existing sports bicycle frames design and to achieve the fast and accurate self-design of frames, a simulation model of the frames is established during three development processes. First, the modal and static tests were designed for the study of a particular sports bicycle frame. Second, the initial simulation model of the frame was developed with Pro/Engineer and ANSYS Workbench software, and the simulation model was used to conduct the modal and static analysis on the frame. Finally, based on the comparison of the analysis and test result, the parameters of the simulation model were modified. The results show that the simulation model is consistent with the test result and it can be used for the optimal design of sports bicycle frame.
Situations and Development Trends of Ultrasonic Machining Tool and Ultrasonic Machining Technology
Authors: Yang Yang , Lin Bin
Published: November 2010

Based on the up to date development of the ultrasonic machining (USM) technology, applications and development trends of the ultrasonic machining tool are described. Automatic control including intelligent control and adaptive control, also tools in processing as an attachment and load matching system are trends in ultrasonic machining tool. The latest applications of ultrasonic machining technology in deep hole machining, ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting, ultrasonic grinding, ultrasonic milling and ultrasonic combined machining are summarized, processing accuracy and processing efficiency have got a lot of progress. The development trends and future prospect of the ultrasonic machining technology are expounded. Studying the ultrasonic cutting mechanism, ultrasonic combined machining technology and micro-ultrasonic machining technology are the trends of ultrasonic machining.
Strategy for Developing Enterprise Cluster by Means of Establishing Regional Commercial Alliance
Authors: Liu Li
Published: November 2010

This paper proposes the strategy of developing enterprise cluster by way of establishing regional commercial alliances (RCA), gives the organization mode, analysis of structure and operation process of RCA. The purpose of RCA is enhancing the brand influence and competitiveness of enterprise cluster. This strategy will have a practical significance for promoting development of regional economy or industrial economy.
Study on CNC System of Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Zhong Xue Yong , Ni Yan Bing , Wang Pan Feng , Yang Zhi Yong
Published: November 2010

In this paper, the open architecture technique is used to develop the computer numerical control (CNC) system of parallel mechanism. The personal computer (PC) with high-performance motion control card Flex-6C and virtual instrument software package are utilized as the hardware and software platforms, respectively. The interface between motion controller and servo system is designed, and the core functional module and control software is programmed. Further it is successfully applied in a series of parallel mechanisms, which serves as the foundation for achieving the high-speed and high-precision control of such kinds of parallel mechanism.
Study on Effects of Input Rotational Speed on Output Torque of Magnetorheological Torque Servo
Authors: Lu Feng , Zheng Di , Shi Yong Jie , Huang Bin
Published: November 2010

Magnetorheological fluid torque servo (MRT) is a novel torque generating and controlling device. It converts the rotational input of active shearing disc into the torque output of passive shearing disc by controlling the rheological property of the magnetorheological fluid. In this paper, the working principle of the MRT was introduced. The effects of the input rotational speed on the shear stress of the magnetorheological fluid and then the output torque were analyzed. The model describing the relationship of the output torque with respect to the rotational speed of the active shearing disc as well as to other parameters was established. A critical rotational speed was deduced. The factors affecting the critical speed were discussed, and an experiment was conducted to ascertain the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Study on Force Control in Abrasive Polishing of Aspheric Parts
Authors: Zheng Di , Lv Bi Da , Zhan Jian Ming , Hu Li Yong
Published: November 2010

Aspheric parts are attracting many researchers’ attention for their excellent optical properties. The commonly used manufacturing technology for aspheric parts are mainly based on dedicated high precision machines, resulting in high cost and restricted application fields. To polish this kind of parts on general CNC machine tools, however, the surface quality improvement is limited due to the problem of force-position coupling. In order to solve this issue, a force-position decoupling control method for abrasive polishing was studied, a corresponding comliant polishing tool system was developed, and the mathematical model of the tool system was established. In addition, a polishing force controller was designed, and the performance of the tool system was numerically simulated. Simulation results showed that the polishing tool system can effectively achieve the tasks of force-position decoupling and the stable control of the polishing force.
Study on Mechanism of Tap Breakage in Low Frequency Torsional Vibration Tapping
Authors: Han Feng Qi , Li Zhi Zun , Zhang De Yuan
Published: November 2010

Early breakage of tap often occurs when tapping on difficult-to-cut materials with the method of low frequency torsional vibration tapping, which decreases the technological effect and restricts its application. The effect of impact load on tap breakage in vibration tapping was analyzed, and the stress state in tap teeth was simulated by FEM, on this basis, it is concluded that too large tensile stress in tap teeth is the main cause of early breakage of tap. To reduce the tensile stress and enhance the shock resistance of tap teeth, the tap should be ground to minor negative rake angle. Experiments showed that the failure mode of grinded taps changed to wear, and thereby the service life of tap was prolonged significantly.
Study on Mould Heat Penetration Depth for Semi-Solid Net Shape Forming
Authors: Liu Wen , Zhang Mi Lan , Jia Zhi Xin , Ding Xu
Published: November 2010

The heat penetration depth of mould for Semi-solid net-shape forming affects not only the life of moulds, but also the quality of products. By integral approximate solution of temperature field and analyses of solidification process, a theoretical model of heat penetration depth for semi-solid net-shape forming mould was obtained, and in this model the influence factors such as product material thermal properties, mould material thermal properties and solidification time are given much consideration. Studies show that the heat penetration depth increases exponentially with interface thermal resistance and time respectively, and increase as a cubic curve with pouring temperature and preheating temperature.
Study on the Wear Properties of Hydrodynamic Oil Film Bearing by Finite Element Method
Authors: Li Yu Gui , Zhu Lin , Wang Jian Mei , Gui Hai Lian , Yan Duo , Huang Qing Xue
Published: November 2010

ANSYS as finite element software is used to analyze oil film pressure of hydrodynamic oil film bearing, the stress of bearing bush alloy and the simulation movement of shaft and bearing, and then the reasons of oil film bearing failure and the wear mechanism of bearing bush are illustrated in detail.
Study the Effect of Background Music on Cognitive Memory
Authors: Su Qian , Wang Fei
Published: November 2010

This paper studied on the relationship between cognitive memory and background music by 2 x 3 two-factor variables experiment. According to the habit whether the testees are used to listenning to background music, the author divided them into two groups. When the subjects are arranged in three different kinds of music scenes, the impact of different background music on testees’ cognitive memory differed. The results show that pure pop music disturbs all the two groups, that pure soft music improves the people who are used to background music but hinders the ones who are not, and that there is no significant difference between group under no music condition.
Surface-Curve Contact in 4-Axis NC Machining of Sculptured Surfaces Using Anural Cutter
Authors: Liu Hu Ran
Published: November 2010

This is the highly effective method. In this paper an innovative theory for machining complicated surface is presented. By using a anural milling tool instead of ball-end mill or the flat-ended tool, and by adjusting the axis of cutter relative to the surface, the two surfaces, the swept surface and the required surface, have the same curvatures, up to as high as 3rd order. Through the deduction of differential equation, some theory on partial touching between surfaces and surfaces when manufacturing has been explored. The problem of axis orientation under this condition has also been discussed clearly. The outside of the circular tool is a surface; the surface to be machined is a groove, which can be represented by its transverse line. In this case the problem is attributed to the contact between surface and curve.
Ternary Regression Modeling Analysis of NC Ultrasonic Machining Efficiency
Authors: Zhong Gao Yan
Published: November 2010

To explore the impact of abrasive granularity, feed pressure and cutting feed speed on NC ultrasonic machining efficiency, a three-factor four-level orthogonal test was carried out, and data were analyzed to establish a ternary nonlinear regression model of NC ultrasonic machining efficiency. Furthermore, significance of the regression model and impact of all independent variables on dependent variables were studied. The study showed that when significance level is α = 0.01, the combination of the three factors tested impacts significantly on machining efficiency indicators. However, among the three factors, the abrasive granularity has the highest impact and its impact on the machining efficiency is nonlinear.
The Applied Study on Hot Runner Technology and Design of Injection Molds
Authors: Huang Yi Jun , Yang Geng Xin
Published: November 2010

The hot runner technology is an advanced & applied technology in process of forming of an injection mold. As soon as the hot runner technology is applied in injection molds, it will obtain the aim for optimization of product quality, increasing efficiency of production, saving raw materials, saving energy, decreasing cost of products and so on. The article will mainly discusses the applied study of hot runner technology in injection mold, and has a detailed explanation for the design instances of hot runner technology in injection mold, the suitability of hot runner system and the technological & economical analyses of hot runner molds.
Analysis of Influence Parameters on Axial Movement Displacement about Cross Wedge Rolling Asymmetric Shaft Part
Authors: Peng Wen Fei , Zhang Kang Sheng , Hu Zheng Huan
Published: November 2010

. Determining axial movement displacement is a key question for designing the die which is used to form asymmetric shaft parts by CWR. FE model is established in this paper, the rule of process parameters influence on axial movement displacement is also analyzed, and then influence factors on axial movement displacement are gotten. The rule is that forming angle, spreading angle and area reduction have effect on axial movement displacement; rolling temperature and the diameter of rolled part has no effect on it. The conclusion provides the foundation for further determining axial movement displacement accurately.
The Current Density and Energy Input in Electrothermal Explosion of Metallic Powders
Authors: Zhou Gang Yi , Dong Xin Long , Liu Jun
Published: November 2010

This paper presents a study on the electrothermal explosion of metallic powders produced by a pulsed high voltage generator, which is a fast-discharge capacitive storage device. The character of instantaneous current, voltage were measured and studied. The energy-utilization ratio was calculated and analyzed. It is shown that the maximum current density and current rise rate obtained during electrothermal explosion of Cu powder were of the order of 108A/cm2 and 1013A/s, respectively. The total energy deposited on exploding was 38.57%~65.90% of the total electrically stored energy, and increased with the charging voltage and powder masses exploding increasing. Meanwhile, the electrical energy applied to the powder was estimated to be about 1.5~2 times the energy theoretically required to vaporization of the powder and metallic exploding. And the energy input in exploding supplied by circuit increased with the charging voltage and the metallic powder conductor height increasing.
The Development of Test System for Crankshaft Balancing Machine
Authors: Ren Ai Hua , Zhou Hong , Sun Chuan Qiong
Published: November 2010

The development of hardware and software of the test system for crankshaft balancing machine based on industrial PC was discussed and the method and process of calibration of unbalance were presented. It shows that the dimension and direction of the unbalance can be measured in practice.
The Influence Rules of Stress about Technical Parameters on Synchronous Rolling Railway Axis with Multi-Wedge Cross-Wedge Rolling
Authors: Shu Xue Dao , Wei Xin Hong , Li Chuan Min , Hu Zheng Huan
Published: November 2010

Multi-wedge synchronous rolling by cross-wedge rolling is one of the most advanced methods that can form rolling railway axis. Its rolling quality mainly lies on inner transversal stress and shearing stress of rolling workpiece. In this paper, based on the rotated theory of multi-wedge rolling, through using Ansys/Ls-Dyna FEM software, multi-wedge synchronous rolling railway axis by cross-wedge rolling is simulated. It has been systemically researched that technical parameters effect transversal stress and shearing stress. In the meantime, the calculating model is verified by experiment. Through this study, It is obtained that the law of technical parameters effect on rolling railway axis by multi-wedge synchronous cross-wedge rolling. These research conclusions can provide scientific basis for rolling railway axis by multi-wedge synchronous cross-wedge rolling and rolling better quality.
The Kinematic Analysis of Heart-Shaped Gear Continuously Variable Transmission
Authors: Sun Chuan Qiong , Sun Guo Xing , Ren Ai Hua , Liu Yong De
Published: November 2010

Based on the research of non-circular gear Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT), firstly the working principle of the heart-shaped gear is introduced, and then the kinematic characteristics are analyzed, lastly the feature of the heart-shaped gear CVT is obtained.
The NC Side Milling of the Ruled Surface of Impeller Leaf with Cylindrical Cutter
Authors: Liu Hu Ran , Lou Yi , Wang Can , Liu Quan Hong
Published: November 2010

The concept of contact is applied into the machining of the complex surface. If the contact line is along the straight line of cutter, the contact line should be along the asymptotic direction of the surface being machined. For the undeveloped ruled surface, the directions of the normal vectors are different, while the directions of the normal vectors on the straight line of cylinder are the same, so that there may be some over cutting on the surface. With the theory of this paper, the best cutter postural can be determined when the contact line is not along the straight line of the cutter. And further more, with the concept of third order contact, both the best cutter postural and contact direction can be determined at same time. This paper showed how to use this method for the machining of impeller leaf.