bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐219L: Late‐News Poster: Simultaneous Normal and Shear Force Sensor for Flexible and Transparent Display Applications
Authors: Chen Tsun‐Yi , Wang Yung‐Chen , Chen Rongshun , Lo Cheng‐Yao
Published: July 2011

In this work, we propose a novel capacitance tactile sensor with flexibility and transparency using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and indium tin oxide (ITO) for based materials. This sensor can measure normal force and shear force simultaneously. Each capacitance sensor cell consists a top electrode layer, a spacer layer, an insulation layer, and a bottom electrode layer. We use differential capacitance changed to measure the shear force and consider the relationship of capacitance changed around the sensor cell to determine the magnitude and direction of the shear force. The special design of electrodes can magnify the capacitance. The readout sensing circuit is also designed and implemented. The sensitivity is 1.56 %/mN or 28 fF/mN and the transparency is over 88 %. The tactile sensor can be applied on the touch penal and display devices.
16.3: A 13‐inch Flexible Color EPD Driven by Low‐Temperature a‐Si TFTs
Authors: Akamatsu Keiichi , Nishiike Akihito , Masuda Kenta , Kato Yuichi , Maruyama Takashi , Suzuki Masato , Yasuda Ryo‐ichi , Yumoto Akira , Kamei Takahiro , Urabe Tetsuo
Published: July 2011

We have demonstrated a 13.3‐inch flexible color electrophoretic display driven by low‐temperature a‐Si TFTs. We have developed 1 a plastic film handling technology, 2 a reliable low‐temperature a‐Si TFT, and 3 a flexible CFA film. These technologies enable us to manufacture a high‐resolution flexible e‐paper by a conventional mass‐production system.
3.1: Distinguished Student Paper: Polarization Independent Adaptive Microlens Using a Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystal
Authors: Li Yan , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we propose a fast‐response and polarization‐independent adapptive microlens array using a polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystal. Using a curved top electrode and planar bottom electrode, gradient electric fields are generated and lens‐like phase profile obtained. By optimization, an ideal parabolic phase profile for minimizing image aberrations is obtained.
18.4: Color Perception in LED Projectors
Authors: Liao Shih‐Fang , Yang Tsung‐Hsun , Lee Cheng‐Chung , Chang Kirk , Chiu Nemo
Published: July 2011

An evaluation model for the perceived brightness and the perceived hue shift both in LED projectors has been established. Two series of visual observation experiments are performed for studying the color perception. Finally, the predictability of the evaluation model is also verified in human visual comparison.
19‐1: A Novel Electrowetting‐based Display for Future Smart Window Application
Authors: Kuo Shu‐Wei , Lo Kuo‐Long , Cheng Wei‐Yuan , Lee Hsin‐Hung , Tsai Yu‐Hsiang , Ku Yun‐Sheng , Cheng Pei‐Pei , Su Pei‐Ju , Shiu Jyh‐Wen
Published: July 2011

Smart window is an emerging application for display industry. It can control the sunlight penetration and display information. In this paper, we had made 6‐inch color smart window prototype by electrowetting‐based technique. The ink jet process is adopted to dose various colored oil into sub‐pixel to achieve color device. Without color filter, the transmittance of the device can be improved. Further, to evaluate the practicability of using the smart window device in the night, we had added luminescence substances into the colored oils and designed the cladding structure to achieve a luminous smart window.
19.5: Unique Approach for Replacement Displays in Military Systems
Authors: Evagues Frank J. , Evagues Frank J. , Evagues Farrah K. , Tannas Lawrence E.
Published: July 2011

Legacy military systems will continue to be around for years to come since funding for new systems is virtually nonexistent. Replacement products must be manufactured to meet form, fit, and function and be drop‐in replacements as modification to the platform cannot always be accommodated. Currently there are many “out‐of‐production” monochrome plasma, CRTs and electroluminescent displays in these systems. Sometimes products can be built around commercial off‐the‐shelf COTS LCD modules, but many times the only possible solution is a unique system made from a modified LCD. This paper addresses a unique approach to one such application starting with a 27 inch LCD panel cut to fit a product with outside dimensions of 26.75 inches wide by 8.427 inches high by 3.250 inches deep. The cut LCD results in a panel with resolution of 1920 × 400 lines which replaces an out of production neon‐orange AC plasma with a resolution of 1536 × 288 lines. The replacement system is programmed to interface via EIA 485 Synchronous Data Link SDLC type I/O and provides data to the screen in an orange color replicating the AC plasma color. The display system includes an infrared touch panel, a processor, and self contained power system. This paper will begin with the military application/specification and provide an overview of product design and test. The resized LCD was the only possible solution, it worked, and it's COTS.
4.2: Integrated Scan Driver with Oxide TFTs Using Floating Gate Method
Authors: Kang Chul‐Kyu , Park Yong‐Sung , Park Seong‐Il , Mo Yeon‐Gon , Kim Byung‐Hee , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

An on‐glass integrated scan driver is proposed for oxide thin film transistors TFTs with negative threshold voltage. A coupling capacitor and a TFT for setting the initial voltage to the gate of a TFT were added to minimize the off‐state current. Simulated and measured results indicate that the proposed scan driver shows no ripple and fast rise time/fall time of scan outputs. Circuit operation was verified with a 14‐inch AMOLED panel.
21.2: Driving Method for a 2D‐3D Switchable AMOLED Display Using Progressive or Simultaneous Emission
Authors: Chung Bo‐Yong , Park Dong‐Wook , Park Yong‐Sung , Choi Deok‐Young , Kim Keumnam , Kim Byung‐Hee , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

A driving method has been developed for a 2D‐3D switchable AMOLED using progressive emission PE or simultaneous emission SE. The proposed method is implemented by selecting PE mode for 2D to improve light emission ratio and SE mode for 3D to reduce left‐right crosstalk without sacrificing luminance. This method also improves the contrast ratio by removing unnecessary light emission and can offer better uniformity by increasing the threshold voltage compensation time. A 240Hz‐driven 30″ 3D AMOLED display was built and it was confirmed that there is no ELVDD surge current in the SE mode.
21.3: Low Frequency Driving Methods for 3D Displays
Authors: Hwang Young‐In , Park Yong‐Sung , Kim Keum‐Nam , Kim Byung‐Hee , Berkeley Brian H. , Kim Sang‐Soo , Choi Byoung‐Deog
Published: July 2011

Stereoscopic 3D displays are generally operated at 240Hz in order to fully separate left eye and right eye images. New low frequency driving methods are proposed for 3D displays. In addition to reducing driving frequency, the new driving methods can increase luminance and reduce cross‐talk and power consumption.
22.4: Flexible Electrophoretic Display Driven by Solution‐Processed OTFTs
Authors: Yoneya Nobuhide , Ono Hideki , Ishii Yui , Himori Kazuo , Hirai Nobukazu , Abe Hironobu , Yumoto Akira , Kobayashi Norihito , Nomoto Kazumasa , Urabe Tetsuo
Published: July 2011

We have developed a 13.3‐inch UXGA flexible electrophoretic display driven by solution‐processed organic TFTs OTFTs. For the semiconductor, we have developed a soluble small‐molecule semiconductor, a peri‐xanthenoxanthene derivative, which shows a mobility of 0.5 cm2/Vs. The display functions without additional failures when bent to a radius of 5 mm.
4.3: High Performance a‐IGZO TFT with Nano‐Dots Doping
Authors: Zan Hsiao‐Wen , Tsai Wu‐Wei , Chen Chia‐Hsin , Tsai Chuang‐Chuang , Meng Hsin‐Fei
Published: July 2011

A high mobility ∼79 cm2/Vs amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O a‐IGZO thin‐film transistors TFTs with high output driving current has been demonstrated. We used a new structure with nano‐dots doping on the channel of semiconductor devices. This device is proposed to increase the field‐effect mobility 17 times larger than that of the control sample. The influence of dots concentration and the doping concentration on device characteristics were investigated. In addition, we also studied the bottom gate device with NDD. We successfully demonstrate an effective and simple concept to improve device characteristics.
23.3: A Vertical‐Field‐Driven Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Kim Yong‐Hun , Hur Sung‐Taek , Park Kyung‐woo , Park Do Hyuk , Choi Suk‐Won , Kim Hak‐Rin
Published: July 2011

We demonstrate a polymer‐stabilized blue‐phase liquid crystal device PS‐BPLC, which can be driven by a vertical electric field by transforming normal incident beams into oblique ones. By attaching prism sheets to the cell, the high operating voltage and low transmittance issues on the PS‐BPLC employing conventional in‐plane field switching modes can be solved simply. The normal brightness can be enhanced by using two prism sheets on top and bottom substrates, respectively.
24.3: Human‐Body Swing Affects Visibility of Scrolled Characters with Direction Dependency
Authors: Ohtsuka Sakuichi , Oka Shintaro , Kihara Ken , Tsuruda Takaki , Seki Marina
Published: July 2011

We show that the recognition rate of scrolled characters is decreased/increased when character‐scrolling direction is congruent/incongruent with body‐yawing direction compared to the rates in the body‐stationary condition. Similar eye movement patterns are observed regardless of the character recognition rate for most subjects. These results suggest that attention, i.e., distribution of brain resources for visual processing, is modulated by the relationship between stimulus‐motion and body‐rotation directions.
25.1: Interference Filter System for High‐Brightness and Natural‐Color Stereoscopic Imaging
Authors: Simon Arnold , Jorke Helmut
Published: July 2011

We demonstrate a significant improvement of the color and transmission performance of a complementary interference filter system used for stereoscopic imaging. A 3D transmission of 30% for a UHP lamp projection system was achieved. The differences in color and luminance between left and right filter were minimized.
26.2: Distinguished Student Paper: A 10‐bit Compact Current DAC Architecture for Large‐Size AMOLED Displays
Authors: Kim Ki‐Duk , Lee Sung‐Woo , Park Gyu‐Sung , Park Chang‐Byung , Cho Gyu‐Hyeong , Choi Yoon‐Kyung , Lee Myunghee
Published: July 2011

In this paper, a 10‐bit compact current DAC architecture is proposed for large‐size AMOLED displays. The proposed DAC provides the linearity in small area effectively since it has small DNL and two symmetric INL profiles extinguishable in human vision system through averaging process. In addition, the proposed reference calibration scheme guarantees the channel uniformity without area overhead. The simulated INL and DNL are 1.25 and 0.35 LSB, respectively. The deviation of 5uA reference full‐scale current is 2.3nA. The proposed DAC was fabricated with 0.35um CMOS process.
27.2: 31_inch FHD AMOLED 3‐D TV using Emission‐Switch Control Method
Authors: Yoon Joong‐Sun , Lee Ji‐Min , Lee Hyun‐Haeng , Lee Young‐Hak , Oh Du‐Hwan , Kim Tae‐Gung , Oh Kil‐Hwan , Kim Bum‐Sik
Published: July 2011

31_inch FHD AMOLED 3‐D TV using the Emission‐Switch Control for 3‐D driving was developed. The Emission‐Switch Control used here is that EM switches of each pixel are controlled simultaneously so that all pixels are emission and non‐emission at the same time. In order to use this control method, we developed and adopted EM driver which have 2‐D/3‐D switch‐able block between shift register and buffer. By using this method, we fabricated and demonstrated 31_inch AMOLED TV that achieved great viewing angle and on‐off 3‐D Cross‐talk with 0.39 % level. Also, compared to Active Voltage Control this method helps reducing the load on the system.
27.3: 1.2 Gbps GDDR3 Physical Layer for 3D AMOLED Panel
Authors: Hwang Moon‐Sang , Shin Kwangsuk , Choe Won Jun , Kim Sang Soo , Chi Han‐Kyu , Jeong Deog‐Kyoon
Published: July 2011

A 1.2‐Gbps GDDR3 physical layer (PHY) circuit for flat panel displays is presented. To reduce the channel skew and to make the clock robust against power supply noise, an automatic skewcalibration algorithm and a coarse lock detector with hysteresis are proposed. The GDDR3 PHY has been integrated in a timing controller chip fabricated in standard 0.13‐μm CMOS process.
28.4: A 3.5‐inch Bendable Active Matrix Electrowetting Display
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Yi , Wang Chih‐Yuan , Wang Wen‐Chun , Hung Cheng‐Chieh , Chang Ting‐Yu , Chen Yuan‐Fa , Lee Yi‐Te , Cheng Wei‐Yuan , Lo Kuo‐Long
Published: July 2011

A 3.5 inch with 480×320 dot resolution bendable mono/color active matrix electrowetting display had been developed. This color display can be made by COA substrate and a simple black oil dosing process. Along with a special thinning technology and composite substrate design, a mono/color bendable AMEWD could be easily fabricated.
28.5L: Late‐News Paper: A Novel Non‐Emissive Display with Enormous Contrast Ratio and Viewing‐Angle Free
Authors: Matsuoka Toshiki , Teranishi Tomoko , Ueki Shun , Tomotoshi Takuma , Narutaki Yozo , Itoh Yasuhisa
Published: July 2011

We have developed a transmissive type of electrowetting display driven by passive matrix. The novel display shows high image quality because it provides high contrast ratio 60,000:1 at display normal direction and wide viewing angle character (CR 20,000 at±70 degree). As the display has a memory characteristic, it also exhibits a feature of low power consumption.
30.2: Single Layer Full Color Cholesteric Display
Authors: Braganza Clinton , Bowser Mathew , Krinock John , Marhefka Duane , Dysert Kevin , Montbach Erica , Khan Asad , Doane J. William , Chin Chih‐Lung , Cheng Kung‐Lung , Tsai Yi‐Shou , Liao Yuan‐Chang , Chen Chih‐Jan , Liang Chao‐Chuin , Shiu Jyh‐Wen , Chen Janglin
Published: July 2011

An 80ppi ¼ VGA full color, single layer, Reflex™ display with red, green and blue reflecting sub‐pixels is reported. A phototunable chiral dopant is UV exposed to produce these colors, and polymer walls keep the colors separate after tuning. We will present details of this development and discuss applications.
5.2: Photonic Crystal Display Materials
Authors: Arsenault Andre C. , Wang Hai , Kerins Fergal , Kamp Ulrich , Ozin Geoffrey A.
Published: July 2011

Opalux Incorporated has developed a technology called Photonic Ink P‐Ink. P‐Ink comprises an active photonic crystal which reflects a band of color that can be tuned by controlling the applied current or voltage. All the individual spectral colors in the visible range can be reflected by a single P‐Ink material. This provides an opportunity to create a wider range of primary colors than the conventional RGB system given the same numbers of pixels for color mixing. Other performance characteristics of P‐Ink technology such as high reflectivity, fast switching speed, and low power consumption also suggest a promising candidate for next‐generation full color reflective display applications.
31.3: Experimental Methodology to Measure the Veiling Glare Limit for Detection Tasks in High‐Dynamic‐Range Displays
Authors: Choi Mina , Sharma Diksha , Zafar Fahad , Cheng Wei‐Chung , Albani Luigi , Zderic Vesna , Badano Aldo
Published: July 2011

We describe an experimental methodology for quantifying the effect of veiling glare in high‐dynamic‐range displays for simple detection tasks using a sensitivity experiment. A Gaussian spot was located on white noise image backgrounds indicated with dark hairline markers and a ring was added to the image as the veiling glare source. A double random staircase technique with one‐image‐at‐a‐time paradigm was used to estimate intensity thresholds using published methods. Observer gaze position was recorded in real‐time during the experiments and used to provide auditory feedback to ensure fixation on the region where the signal might be present and minimize significant changes in adaptation that would affect the thresholds.
32.1: Laser Projection System with Variable Speckle Generator
Authors: Kurashige Makio , Ishida Kazutoshi , Takanokura Tomoe , Ohyagi Yasuyuki , Watanabe Masachika
Published: July 2011

Laser projector with variable speckle generator was introduced, which image of micro display was projected on screen. Variable speckle generator utilizing holographic beam shaper and scanning mirror made angular shift of incident light and generated numerical speckle pattern in a short time. Speckle contrast of 0.03 was achieved.
32.3: Laser‐Illuminated Three‐Panel LCoS Projector with a Vibrating Diffractive Microlens‐Array Beam Shaper
Authors: Chen Chieh‐Hui , Yao Po‐Hung , Chen Cheng‐Huan , Lee Spencer , Chen Fong‐Zhi , Hsu Wei‐Yao , Cheng Yuan‐Chieh
Published: July 2011

A RGB lasers illuminated three‐panel LCoS projector has been developed to demonstrate the viability of a double‐side microlens array as a diffractive beam shaper. By oscillating the beam shaper, both the uniformity and speckle pattern were significantly improved. The contrast ratio of the image speckle was measured to be below 8%.
33.2: Intelligent Adaptive Color Management Unit For Digital Video
Authors: Srinivasan Sujith , Balram Nikhil
Published: July 2011

We describe an intelligent adaptive color management unit whose functionality and architecture are well suited for processing digital video in consumer electronics products like media players, TVs, tablets and smart phones. The unit provides intelligent locally adaptive color, contrast and brightness adjustment using an approach that minimizes artifacts and distortions. It can be used for color management, including gamut remapping, and for enhancement of visual image quality. This technology has been incorporated in several video and media processor ICs.
34.4: Resolution Enhancement of Integral Imaging Three‐Dimensional Display Using Multi‐Directional Elemental Images
Authors: Alam Md. Ashraful , Baasantseren Ganbat , Kim Nam , Park Jae‐Hyeung
Published: July 2011

A new approach for resolution enhancement of integral imaging three‐dimensional display using multi‐directional elemental images is proposed. The proposed method uses a special lens made by nine pieces of Fresnel lens which are collected from different parts of the same lens. This composite lens is placed in front of the lens array such that it generates nine sets of directional elemental images. These elemental images are overlapped on the lens array and produce nine point light sources per each of elemental lens at different positions in the focal plane of the lens array. Nine sets of elemental images are projected by a high speed deformable mirror device and are tilted by two‐dimensional scanning mirror maintaining the time‐multiplexing sequence for nine pieces of the composite lens. In this method, the concentration of the point light sources in the focal plane of the lens array is nine‐times higher i.e. the distance between two adjacent point light sources is three‐times smaller than the conventional integral imaging display, hence the resolution of three‐dimensional image is enhanced.
35.2: High‐Performance Solution‐Processed Oxide TFT with Dual Channel at Low Temperature
Authors: Jeong Woong Hee , Kim Kyung Min , Kim Dong Lim , Rim You‐Seung , Kim Hyun Jae , Park Kyung‐Bae , Ryu Myung‐Kwan
Published: July 2011

In this study, we investigated solution‐processed oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) with dual channel (DC) at 350°C. The DC TFTs consisted of thin InZnO (IZO) channel and thick AlInZnO (AIZO) channel. The IZO could provide high carrier concentration to enhance the charge transport for high saturation mobility (μsat) and thick AIZO channel could also regulate the conductance for proper threshold voltage (Vth). The resistivity of front IZO thin films could be determined by composition ratio of In/Zn and thickness of IZO channel. Thus, we can demonstrate excellent device with μsat of 5.02 cm2/Vs, Vth of 0.35 V, and on/off ratio of over 106 at 350°C.
35.4L: Late‐News Paper: Metal‐Oxide Thin Film Transistor with High Performance and Good Operation Stability
Authors: Yu Gang , Shieh Chan‐Long , Foong Fatt , Wang Guangming , Kuo Aaron , Yang Kaixia , Wang Jian , Chang Frankie , Peng James , Nilsson Boo
Published: July 2011

Non‐InGaZnO based metal‐oxide TFT is developed with high performance and good stability. Manufacturability was demonstrated with a high capacity, Gen‐2.5 size, color‐filter production line. Superb TFT performance was achieved with μ>80 cm2/Vsec, Ion/Ioff> 1010and S<0.2 V/dec. This TFT shows high stability under OLED and LCD operation conditions. A 4.8″ bottom emission AMOLED is demonstrated with aperture ratio larger than 50%. Power efficiency >6 lm/Watt at >500 nits was achieved with high display uniformity. The average power efficiency under video operation is beyond 20 lm/Watt.
36.4: 3.4‐inch Full‐Color QHD AMOLED Display using Large‐Size Flexible Substrate with Highly Reliable OS‐FETs
Authors: Hatano Kaoru , Chida Akihiro , Okano Tatsuya , Sugisawa Nozomu , Nagata Takaaki , Inoue Tatsunori , Seo Satoshi , Suzuki Kunihiko , Aizawa Michiko , Yoshitomi Shuhei , Hayakawa Masahiko , Miyake Hiroyuki , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shunpei , Monma Yohei , Obana Saki , Eguchi Shingo , Adachi Hiroki , Katayama Masahiro , Okazaki Kenichi , Sakakura Masayuki
Published: July 2011

We report a 300mm × 360mm flexible FET substrate made by our transfer technology and 3.4‐inch full‐color AMOLED display with oxide FET flexible substrate. Our transfer technology has advantages in applicability for a large‐size substrate and cost performance because laser irradiation is not needed.
37.1: Invited Paper: Surface Electronic States of MgO Induced by Auger Neutralization Process
Authors: Kajiyama Hiroshi , Suesad Kazuma , Miyamoto Shintaro , Tsutsumi Keisuke , Kitagaki Masataka
Published: July 2011

The surface electronic states of MgO are measured at Auger neutralization condition with an ion excitation source by using thermoluminescence (TL) spectroscopy. The advantage of this method is that the dynamic properties of excited states at the topmost MgO surface could be measured at the same conditions as γ measurement. Luminescence, activation energy, lifetime of trapped states are discussed.
37.4: Analysis on Address Discharge Characteristics of MgO Layer with MgO Single Crystal Powder under Various Panel Temperatures in AC‐PDP
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Park Hyung‐Dal , Jang Soo‐Kwan , Tae Heung‐Sik , Seo Jeong Hyun
Published: July 2011

It is known that the statistical delay time is improved drastically by using the MgO single crystal powders, irrespective of variable panel temperature. In this paper, to analyze the effects of the electric field on the emission characteristics of the MgO layer with MgO single crystal powder, the variations in the wall voltage induced by the electron emissions were measured relative to the electric field intensity between the A‐Y electrodes during address period. The measurement result confirms that the electron emission characteristics of the MgO layer with MgO single crystal powder strongly depend on the electric field intensity instead of the panel temperature.
37.5L: Late‐News Paper: Investigation of Conductivity of SrO: High Gamma Material for Protective Layer of AC‐PDPs
Authors: Shintani Yoichi , Izumi Tomoaki , Takagi Kazushige , Inoue Manabu , Onimaru Toshiaki , Kasahara Shigeo , Kosugi Naoki , Kitagawa Masatoshi
Published: July 2011

A PDP with SrO protective layer showed a grave deterioration of static voltage margin due to a conductivity of the protective layer. The conductivity of SrO in a realistic panel was analyzed by using an LCR meter. An activation energy related to the conductivity was 0.49 eV.
38.1: Invited Paper: Enabling High Throughput OLED Manufacturing by Carrier Gas Enhanced Organic Vapor Deposition (OVPD)
Authors: Gersdorff Markus , Long Michael , Keiper Dietmar , Kunat Martin , Gopi Baskar , Cremer Claudia , Beccard Birgit , Schwambera Markus
Published: July 2011

This paper describes a new Organic Vapor Phase Deposition source characterized by substantially reduced vaporization temperatures and extremely short thermal exposure time of the organic material. A vapor flux of 3 mg/s is practical while maintaining thickness non‐uniformity under 2% and deposition efficiency of 70% at the Gen 4 scale.
38.5L: Late‐News Paper: PVD SiO2 for Metal‐Oxide TFT Application
Authors: Graw Oliver , Scheer Evelyn , Hellmich Anke , Bender Marcus
Published: July 2011

IGZO TFTs are promising candidates to drive future high performance AM LCDs. Since IGZO is known to be sensitive to hydrogen new deposition processes for the adjacent dielectric thin films are needed. We developed a full‐reactive hydrogen‐free sputter process for SiO2 which shows a performance comparable to the state‐of‐art CVD dielectrics. We demonstrated that our sputtered SiO2 thin films are stable to electric fields of above 10 MV/cm and show leakage currents below 10−8 A/cm2 at 6 MV/cm.
39.3: Single Packaged RGB LEDs with Recycling for Pocket and Pico‐Projectors
Authors: Li Kenneth
Published: July 2011

With the advancements in the LED development, it becomes possible to have projectors made using LEDs as the illumination light sources, that fit into shirt pockets and small enough to be integrated into cell phones. Similar to the development and commercialization of cell phone cameras, in order to have a high adoption rate, the cost has to be low, which requires low component count and simple construction. To achieve low cost, the most important factor is to use less number of components, and small imager chips, which is one of the most costly component in the system. The use of smaller imager increases the illumination requirements. The limitation of LED brightness requires light recycling to increase the system brightness, effectively matching the illumination etendue to that of the imager chips. This paper presents an integrated approach to the illumination system by recycling using RGB LEDs assembled into a single package suitable for simple optical configuration and low cost.
6‐2: Inverse Four Domain Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Mode for High Transmittance and Wide Viewing Angle Characteristics
Authors: Jo Soo In , Choi Sang Woong , Lee Seul Gee , Lee You‐Jin , Yu Chang‐Jae , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we fabricated the inverse four domain twisted nematic liquid crystal cell using stacked vertical alignment layer on planar alignment layer for strong azimuthal anchoring energy. That makes possible twist structures under applied voltage without chiral‐dopant, as a result, high transmittance and wide viewing angle could be revealed.
40.1: Invited Paper: DisplayPort® 1.2, Embedded DisplayPort, and Future Trends
Authors: Wiley Craig Raymond
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a short overview of the DisplayPort display interface standard. New capabilities introduced by DisplayPort 1.2 are described as are derivative standards including the Embedded DisplayPort Standard. DisplayPort is positioned to replace other computer display interfaces that have been in existence for over 10 years. DisplayPort is also compared to some of these existing standards.
40.4: Invited Paper: iDP Standard for an Internal Connection in a Large‐screen Display
Authors: Kobayashi Alan , Choi Jason , Lee Hee‐Sub , Kim Changgon , Lee Buyeol , Park Dongwon
Published: July 2011

This paper provides for a technical overview of iDP (Internal DisplayPort) Standard Ver. 1.0. The iDP is an open industry standard developed for transporting a video pixel stream from a TV/monitor controller SOC (system on chip) to a TV/monitor panel TCON within a TV/monitor chassis. This standard leverages the proven DisplayPort technology at its simplest form. Targeted at replacing LVDS, the iDP consists of Main Link and HPD signal, operating without sideband channel. Instead of AUX CH of DisplayPort Standard, the iDP uses HPD pulse to coordinate Link Training; an iDP sink device asserts an HPD pulse to prompt an iDP source device to transmit Link Training patterns over Main Link. Nominal iDP link rate of 3.24Gbps/lane enables the transport of FHD240Hz video stream with the pixel bit depth of 30 bits per pixel over 8 lanes (or differential pairs), as opposed to 48 differential pairs of Quad LVDS link. The permitted number of lanes per bank k 1 to 16 lanes inclusive, and the permitted number of banks k 1 or more, depending on a panel configuration. Using data throttling technique, an iDP source device enables an iDP sink device to regenerate the pixel clock synchronously from a link symbol clock as in f_pixel_clock = f_LinkSymbolClock * Mvid /48, where Mvid is an 8‐bit integer value, thus allowing for further simplification of an iDP TCON implementation.
6.3: Amplified Intrinsic Fringe‐Field MVA LCDs for WVGA Smart Phones, Full HD 1920 × 1080 Tablet PCs, and LC TVs
Authors: Ong Hiap L. , Chou Juishu
Published: July 2011

We have successfully fabricated amplified intrinsic fringe field AIFF MVA LCDs for both smart phone and TV applications. We achieved a transmission of 4.2% in a 70% NTSC color 3.8‐in WVGA panel with 246 pixel per in using a standard 5‐mask TFT process. Using a 6‐mask process improved the transmission to 4.9%. These pixel designs may be used for full HD 1920×1080 tablet PCs displays. We transformed a 26‐in WXGA LC TV from TN mode to AIFF MVA mode using only one mask change from the TN masks. The measured transmission between 5.1 and 5.5% is greater than all published MVA and IPS LC TV displays. The AIFF MVA LCD design eliminates the need for any protrusions or ITO slits in both TFT and ITO substrates, as well as the need for special driving schemes and materials. The AIFF MVA is therefore a low‐cost, high transmission, high contrast‐ratio, and wide viewing‐angle solution for both small‐medium and large size LCD applications.
42.2: Time Division Analog Driving Method to Display High Gray‐scale of OLED Display
Authors: Kim Tae‐Gung , Hong Moo‐Kyoung , Woo Kyoung‐Don , Hong Young‐Jun , Yoon Joong‐Sun , Hong Soon‐Girl , Kim Hong‐Gyu , Kim Bum‐Sik
Published: July 2011

To raise gray‐scale, the size of DAC should be increased on driver ICs at LCD or OLED display using an analog driving method. This factor makes problems such as size and costs of a driver IC. To overcome these obstacles, this paper proposes method to display high gray‐scale without changing driver IC size. This method has a feature which is combined a digital driving technique and an analog driving technique. To implement this method, a frame should be divided into two sub‐frames which have different roles. The first sub‐frame displays an image and the second one displays additional gray‐scale which can not be displayed on the first sub‐frame. Also each sub‐frame has different gamma voltages to implement high gray‐scale.
42.3: Distinguished Paper: High Resolution AMOLED Panels for Mobile 3D Applications using White OLEDs with Color Filters
Authors: Chu Changwoong , Lee Sungsoo , Lee Young‐Shin , Lee Sangjo , Park Byunghee , Kim Seil , Chung Hokyoon , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

An autostereoscopic mobile AMOLED panel has been developed with 6‐subpixel structured white OLED devices to maintain image resolution. To achieve the thin‐and‐light 3D AMOLED panel, fixed parallax barriers instead of liquid‐crystal barrier cells are fabricated on the backside of color filter glass. The 5.2‐inch AMOLED panel results in ∼5% in crosstalk with ∼1mm panel thickness.
6.4: Multi‐mode LCD with Wide View Angle and High Reflectance for Sunlight Readability
Authors: Lu Ruibo , Jepsen Mary Lou , Vieri Carlin , Ryan John
Published: July 2011

A multi‐mode liquid crystal display LCD is proposed which typically shows color images in the transmissive mode and the transflective mode, and black and white images in the reflective mode. The multi‐mode LCD has the advantages of wide view angle and high reflectance for sunlight readability with low power consumption. A 10.1″ multi‐mode 3Qi LCD with LED backlight unit is demonstrated with wide view angle and 27% reflectance ideal for both notebook and electric reader applications.
44‐2: Characteristics of (Mg, Ca)O Thin Film Layer Sealed under Nitrogen Atmosphere
Authors: Choi Hak‐Nyun , Kim Sang‐Young , Kim You‐Han , Jeong Seok , Kim Yong‐Seog
Published: July 2011

In this study, firing voltages of (Mg, Ca)O film in AC PDP test panels sealed under nitrogen atmosphere were measured. CaO content in the film was changed from 5 to 20% and its effect on firing voltage was evaluated. In addition, the effect of nitrogen atmosphere sealing on the film was examined by measuring exo‐electron emission from the film.
44.3: Investigation of Effects of Heating in Air on Ionization Potential of MgO and CaO Films using Metastable De‐excitation Spectroscopy
Authors: Yoshino Kyohei , Morita Yukihiro , Nagatomi Takaharu , Terauchi Masaharu , Tsujita Takuji , Doi Yukako , Nakayama Takahito , Yamauchi Yasuhiro , Nishitani Mikihiko , Kitagawa Masatoshi , Takai Yoshizo , Yamauchi Yasushi
Published: July 2011

Effects of heating in air on the ionization potentials, Eip, of MgO and CaO films were investigated using metastable de‐excitation spectroscopy (MDS). The difference in Eip between samples with and without heating in air was found to be small for MgO and significant for CaO. In addition, the difference in the ion‐induced secondary electron yield, γ, which is expected from Eip determined from the MDS spectra, between samples with and without heating in air qualitatively agrees with that expected from the measurement of the firing voltage using a test panel. The present results conformed that MDS is effective to evaluating γ of the protective layer used in plasma display panels.
45.1: Manufacturing an Ultra Slim LCD: The Strategy and Process
Authors: Yang Wei‐Chieh , Chien Wei‐Yi , Chen Maw‐Song , Huang Wei‐Ming
Published: July 2011

The strategy and process of manufacturing an ultra slim border LCD is detailed discussed in this article. The challenges, possible issues and solutions are also revealed. An ultra slim border (720 μm) 4″ a‐Si LCD with high resolution (WVGA) is demonstrated herein.
45.3: Thin LCD Substrates Reduce Edge‐Light Mura
Authors: Greene Raymond G. , Contreras Cynthia C. , Gierbolini Clive , Schweiger Robert S. , Proulx Tina M.
Published: July 2011

Reducing LCD substrate thickness from 0.7 mm to 0.5 mm improves edge‐light mura from glass thermal‐stress birefringence by 26%. Sub nanometer (nm) resolution retardation measurements were performed on 1.1, 0.7, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, and 0.1 mm thick substrates of width 482 mm and a height of 305 mm with an LCD edge‐light and are in good agreement with the stress optic law.
47.3: Invited Paper: Recent Progress in Direct Green Lasers for Mobile Image Projectors
Authors: Avramescu Adrian , Lermer Teresa , Eichler Christoph , Bruederl Georg , Müller Jens , Tautz Sönke , Lutgen Stephan , Strauss Uwe
Published: July 2011

We report on direct green lasers based on nitride semiconductors that are suitable for mobile projection applications. The TO38 packaged lasers achieved in continuous wave operation at 522nm wavelength more than 80mW optical power. The wall plug efficiency reached 5∼6% depending on operating temperature. The good performance of the lasers was possible due to the low threshold currents in range of 60∼80mA and large slope efficiency ∼0.65W/A. The optical beam properties are also shown.
49.2: Invited Paper: A Transparent AMOLED with On‐cell Touch Function Driven by IGZO Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Hsieh Hsing‐Hung , Tsai Tsung‐Ting , Hu Chen‐Ming , Chou Chia‐Ling , Hsu Shih‐Feng , Wu Yuan‐Chun , Chuang Ching‐Sang , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Lin Yusin
Published: July 2011

The performance and stability of the bottom gate coplanar type IGZO TFTs were effectively improved by the back channel treatments. A novel 2.4 inch IGZO TFTs driven transparent AMOLED was demonstrated with high transparency and resolution. Further, the on‐cell touch function was also integrated to render many interesting applications possible.
49.4: High‐definition Top‐emitting AMOLED Display with Highly Reliable Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Sugisawa Nozomu , Sasaki Toshiki , Ushikubo Takahiro , Ohsawa Nobuharu , Seo Satoshi , Hatano Kaoru , Nagata Tkaaki , Fukai Shuji , Murakawa Tsutomu , Yoshitomi Shuhei , Hayakawa Masahiko , Miyake Hiroyuki , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shunpei , Okazaki Kenichi , Sakakura Masayuki
Published: July 2011

We have developed a highly efficient top‐emitting white OLED by employing a stable reflective anode structure and a p‐doped buffer layer. Furthermore, combining the white OLED with color filters, we succeeded in fabricating a prototype of a high‐definition AMOLED display having highly reliable OS‐FETs as the backplane.
50.2: High Reliable In‐Ga‐Zn‐Oxide FET Based Electronic Global Shutter Sensors for In‐Cell Optical Touch Screens and Image Sensors
Authors: Tamura Hikaru , Hamada Toshiki , Nakagawa Takashi , Aoki Takeshi , Ikeda Masataka , Kozuma Munehiro , Kurokawa Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Takayuki , Moriya Koji , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Kamata Nozomi , Murakawa Tsutomu , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shunpei , Tochibayashi Katsuaki , Okazaki Kenichi , Sakakura Masayuki
Published: July 2011

A 6 inch XGA LCD touch screen with optical sensors in its pixels, using oxide semiconductor (OS) FETs has been developed. The extremely low off‐state current of the OS FET facilitates the use of a global shutter and leads to an improved accuracy of touch detection. The possibility of a novel application of a touch screen and an image sensor that is an application of the combination of OS FETs and global shutter is proposed.
50.3: Novel Write‐erasable Input Display with Memory Circuits and Photo‐sensors
Authors: Maruyama Satoshi , Endo Takahiko , Harada Kenji , Hayashi Hirotaka , Mine Hideki , Kimura Hiroyuki , Kinoshita Masaki , Nakamura Hiroki
Published: July 2011

We have developed a new conceptual LCD with a memory circuit and a photo‐sensor in each pixel. This LCD enables to display a still image in the low power consumption. In addition, direct writing and erasing a character in the LCD are available without calculating coordinates by using a light pen.
52.2: Edge‐Type LED Module Mura Analysis and Improvement
Authors: Huang Chi‐Chen , Yang Hung‐Ling , Tzeng Alex
Published: July 2011

The root cause of thermal mura which often occurs at edge‐type LED module is analyzed. A corresponding simulation method of how to predict thermal mura is proposed in this study. The method combines thermal analysis software (finite volume calculation method), structure analysis software (finite element calculation method) and photo‐elastic theory. In the meantime, experimental result of thermal mura of advanced study can be well explained by the proposed simulation method. We find that the proposed simulation method can provide an effective and comprehensive evaluation for thermal mura. Finally, we use this simulation method to find out some right directions to improve mura phenomenon in edge‐type LED module.
52.3: A Use of Electrically Conductive Oxide Ceramic (12CaO·7Al2O3 Electride) Electrode having Low Work Function and Low Sputtering Yield for Fluorescent Lamps
Authors: Miyakawa Naomichi , Watanabe Toshinari , Watanabe Satoru , Ito Kazuhiro , Ito Setsuro , Hosono Hideo , Mikoshiba Shigeo
Published: July 2011

A significantly low cathode fall voltage of 140 V and a high sputtering resistance at the driving current as large as 20 mA were observed for the cold cathode fluorescent lamps that comprise the ceramic cathode electrodes made of 12CaO·7Al2O3 electride. The electride is a subnanoporous compound having a work function of 2.4 eV and electrical conductivity of 1670 S/m. The electrode was also found to be applicable to hot cathodes for glow and arc discharges.
53.3: New Light‐bar Emitting Phosphor‐converted White Line Light Pumped by InGaN/GaN Laser Diode for Edge‐lit Backlight Unit Applications
Authors: Kinoshita Junichi , Kawasaki Yoji , Takeda Yuji , Ueno Misaki
Published: July 2011

A new type of light bar using laser diode for LCD backlight applications is presented. It consists of six white line‐emission units including a high‐power InGaN/GaN laser diode (LD). The LD emits at around 400nm and pumps up phosphors coated on a glass light‐guide stick in the line‐emission unit. It is demonstrated that a prototype of new LD package is capable of more efficient thermal transfer than the conventional CAN‐type ones. The LD light bar has the following advantages: 1) fewer light emitting elements, 2) longer continuous white line emission, 3) higher rate of heat transfer.
54.3: Cluster LED Spectral Optimization as Lens Design
Authors: Chien Ming‐Chin , Tien Chung‐Hao
Published: July 2011

We proposed a general design procedure included six steps that can be analogous to the conventional lens design process to optimize a LEDs cluster with high color rendering capability and good efficiency for a desired range of color temperature. The concept was illustrated via a cluster composed of red/green/blue/amber/cool‐white (R/G/B/A/CW) LEDs. The result shows the R/G/A/CW cluster can be applied to the range of color temperature from 2600K to 8500K with the color quality scale > 80 points and with the averaged luminous efficiency of 97% cluster's limit.
55.3: Crosstalk Measurements of Shutter Glasses 3D Displays
Authors: Barkowsky Marcus , Tourancheau Sylvain , Brunnström Kjell , Wang Kun , Andrén Börje
Published: July 2011

Crosstalk is probably one of the main perceptual factors contributing to perceived image quality and visual comfort. The Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG) within their 3D video quality project is specifying a practical measurement procedure that will produce consistent results across laboratories. This paper is part of that effort. Two different method of measuring cross talk on shutter glasses stereo displays have been studied. One is based on time average luminance measurements and the other on temporal measurements. The results show that crosstalk is roughly 0.5% but that there are differences in the crosstalk between the two eyes in the shutter glasses.
55.4: Image Processing‐based Crosstalk Reduction for Stereoscopic Displays with Shutter Glasses
Authors: Iwanaka Yuki , Mita Takeshi , Baba Masahiro
Published: July 2011

We propose a crosstalk reduction method based on image processing for stereoscopic displays with shuttered glasses. The proposed method precisely evaluates crosstalk caused by not only LCD responses but also backlight leakage and glasses responses. Experimental results show that our method reduces crosstalk by 70% whereas that of a previous work which evaluates only the LCD responses was 65%.
56.1: Invited Paper: Excited State Interactions in P‐OLEDs: Implications For Efficiency And Lifetime
Authors: Roberts Matthew , King Simon , Cass Michael , Pintani Martina , Coward Chris , Akino Nobuhiko , Nakajima Hideaki , Anryu Makoto
Published: July 2011

A fluorescent blue P‐OLED has high densities of triplet excited states within the emissive layer. In this paper we will present an efficiency and degradation analysis of model P‐OLED devices and materials, and demonstrate that control of triplet transfer and annihilation processes are of crucial importance in realising the efficiencies and device stabilities required for commercialisation of the technology.
56.3: Study of Space Charges in Hole Transfer Layer of OLED Devices using Impedance Spectroscopy and Transient Electroluminescence
Authors: Choung Jiyoung , Lee Joon G. , Choi Jin B. , Oh Il S. , Cho Se J. , Yoon Jin Y. , Song Hyung J. , Lee Yeon H. , Lee Chang H. , Kim Won J. , Song Young W. , Lee Jong H. , Kim Sung C.
Published: July 2011

The charge generation and transportation phenomena of OLED devices based on the different hole‐transfer materials, HTL1 and HTL2, have been investigated employing Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) and Transient Electroluminescence (TEL). The capacitance resulted from the quantity of space charges in HTL1 and HTL2 have been observed to be distinguishable by means of both the Capacitance‐Voltage and Frequency‐dependent Capacitance measurements. The capacitance increment by the space charges is also seen in the extracted RC components of the equivalent circuit, which is determined from the comparison between the quantitatively calculated and the experimentally observed data in Cole‐Cole plot. The increased space charges of HTL2 are found to enhance the hole mobility across hole transfer layer which was derived from the delayed response time of Transient EL.
57.1: Invited Paper: Novel Thin Glass for 3D Shaped Electronics Display Covers
Authors: Zimmer Jose
Published: July 2011

As the market for consumer electronic portable display devices continues to grow, designers and manufacturers of such devices are increasingly demanding display cover glasses that are extremely lightweight, with higher impact strength, better scratch resistance and impressive durability to stand up to the wear and tear of everyday life. Furthermore, the rapid emergence of innovative touch display technologies means that such glass characteristics are becoming even more important to the industry. Demand for impressive technical functionality for handheld devices is high, as is the need for strong aesthetical design to meet the needs of next generation consumer electronic devices. For example, most handheld devices today have only flat screens, but many designers are now actively looking to integrate curved glass surfaces into innovative, new designs. Lithium Aluminosilicate (LAS) glasses such as SCHOTT® LAS80 are emerging to fulfill these demanding requirements. Manufactured using hi‐tech glass production technologies such as the standard float process, LAS glasses can be easily chemically toughened to meet stringent mechanical strength and hardness specifications. Furthermore, the low transformation temperature (Tg) of LAS glasses facilitates hot forming processes to produce 3‐D shaped cover glasses, opening up a multitude of options for consumer electronic portable display device designers.
57.2: Direct Dielectric Line Printing for Touch Panel Display Jumpers Using Transparent Dielectric Inks and Aerosol Jet® Deposition Methods
Authors: Hegge William , Bohling David , Chou Joe , McAllister Michael , Schottland Philippe
Published: July 2011

Direct printing of conductor and dielectric line jumpers for touch screen displays can dramatically reduce the number of lithography or masking steps required in producing functional devices. This paper describes direct Aerosol Jet printing of transparent polymeric dielectric materials using two different dielectric inks and process conditions for optimizing line width, thickness, and quality.
58.2: A 34‐in. Low‐Work‐Function Printable FED
Authors: Ye Yun , Guo Tailiang , Lin Zhixian , Lin Jintang , Xiao Xiaojing , Lin He
Published: July 2011

We present the performance results of 34‐inch field emission display (FED) prototypes which can display full‐color video with luminance of ∼400cd/m2, contrast ratio of 1000:1, circuit gray scale of 256. It is constructed using low work function (LWF) printable cathode, insulated film, under‐gate, spacers and color phosphors.
58.4: Improvement of Luminous Efficacy of Shadow Mask Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Tu Yan , Yang Lanlan , Tolner Harm
Published: July 2011

The electron temperature and discharge efficiency in the cell of a shadow mask plasma display panel are calculated with OOPIC and the fluid model respectively. The results show the relationship between electron temperature and discharge efficiency, and the variation with the dielectric layer thickness and Xe concentration. Further analysis shows that the discharge efficiency with higher Xe excitation efficiency is improved by the reduction of the electron temperature.
8.2: Submillisecond Response Sheared Polymer Network Liquid Crystals for 3D Displays
Authors: Sun Jie , Chen Yuan , Wu Shin‐Tson , Ramsey Robert A.
Published: July 2011

We demonstrate the fabrication and operation of a submillisecond phase modulator based on a sheared polymer network liquid crystal technology. The device allows for 4π phase modulation operating at λ=532 nm, while exhibiting low scatter in the visible region and an average response time of less than 400 μs. Potential application for naked‐eye 3D display is emphasized.