Serum Klotho Level and its Related Factors Among Male Opioids Addicts With Normal Renal Function Compared to Healthy Male Non-smokers and Smokers in Tabriz, Iran
Authors:   Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Zaare Nahandi Maryam ,   Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Estakhri Rasoul ,   Department of Pathology, Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Razi Soofiyani Saiedeh ,   Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran., Ostadi Ali ,   Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Azizi Hosein ,   Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Banagozar Mohammadi Ahad ,   Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Kashef Nejad Masoomeh ,   Unit of Clinical Research Development, Sina Educational Research and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Banagozar Mohammadi Ali ,   Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Soltani Elghar ,   Unit of Clinical Research Development, Sina Educational Research and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,   Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: October 2023

Background: Klotho is an aging-suppressor gene that encodes a single-pass transmembrane protein and acts as a hormone. In this study, we aim to investigate the serum α-Klotho level in male opioids addicts with normal kidney function compared to healthy male non-smokers and smokers in Tabriz, Iran. Methods: Participnts were 87 men with normal kidney function referred to Sina Educational Research and Treatment Center in Tabriz, Iran (29 opioids addicts, 29 healthy non-smokers, and 29 healthy smokers). Blood samples were collected to measure the soluble a-Klotho level using an ELISA kit. Furthermore, blood creatinine (Cr) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels was measured. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated for all participants. Results: In addicts, BMI, Hb, and Cr levels were significantly lower than in healthy non-smokers and smokers, but their Klotho level was higher (P>0.05). The Klotho level in healthy smokers was significantly lower than in healthy non-smokers and addicts. The Klotho level of healthy smokers decreased as the pack year increased, but the duration of opioid addiction had no significant association with the Klotho level. There was no significant difference in the Klotho level between control groups (non-smokers and smokers) and men with addiction to different types of opioids. Conclusion: The Klotho level in male opioid addicts is significantly higher than in smokers. There is a significant negative correlation between BMI and Klotho levels among men with normal BMI and overweight. Further studies are recommended in these fields.