bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los profesionales no siempre juegan minimax: evidencia de las ligas de fútbol de américa latina
Authors: Arrieta Aquiles Antonio
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo busca aportar evidencia empírica en favor del teorema del minimax a partir de los datos procedentes de los cobros de penales en los partidos de varias ligas de fútbol profesional de América Latina. En línea con la mayor parte de la literatura sobre el tema, los resultados obtenidos indican que las implicaciones de equilibrio del teorema no se cumplen a cabalidad. Particularmente, los jugadores parecen conectar sus elecciones actuales con las realizadas previamente por su rival. Estos hechos ponen de manifiesto que no solo la experiencia cuenta para jugar minimax en el plano real. El contexto y las habilidades cognitivas también son relevantes.
Analisis Prinsip Kerja Sama dalam Acara Komedi Extravaganza
Authors: Arvianto Faizal
Published: July 2020

In language studies, there is a study of the use of language which is intended as an effort to guide conversation participants to be able to carry out cooperative conversations, namely pragmatic studies, especially in the part of the principle of cooperation. Grice divides four maxims which establish the principle of cooperation. The four maxims are the maxims of Quality, quantity, relationships, and ways. The object of the study in this analysis is the comedy Extravaganza program "Love in the Restaurant" which aired on Trans TV. From the results of the analysis using cooperative principles, conversational data were obtained which showed the existence of quality maxims (Maxime der Qualität) in 4 conversations, 3 conversations violating maxims and 1 not violating maxims. Whereas for the maximum quantity (Maxime der Quantität) there are 12 conversations, 2 of which violate maxims and 10 do not violate maxims. Furthermore, for the maximal relevance (Maxime der Relevanz) data obtained as many as 3 conversations and all are declared relevant / not violating the maxim. Whereas for the maximal means (Maxime der Modalität) there were 2 conversations, 1 conversation showed a violation of maxims and the remaining 1 did not show violations of maxims.
Peranan Ibu dalam Pemerolehan Bahasa Anak Usia 4-5 tahun
Authors: Choirunnisa Bella Choirunnisa
Published: July 2020

Bahasa mempunyai peran penting di dalam kehidupan manusia sehari-hari, yaitu sebagai media komunikasi yang digunakan manusia untuk menyampaikan ide, perasaan, dan keinginan antara sesama manusia. Hal tersebut menarik perhatian para ahli untuk mengkaji bagaimana suatu bahasa diproses, kemudian digunakan manusia untuk berkomunikasi. Kajian itu disebut dengan ilmu “Psikolinguistik”. Psikolinguistik merupakan kajian yang mempelajari mengenai proses di dalam diri seseorang yang berkaitan dengan cara mereka berbahasa. Proses tersebut antara lain komprehensi, produksi, landasan biologis serta pemerolehan bahasa. Usia 0-6 tahun adalah fase dimana seorang anak mengalami pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang sangat pesat, oleh karena itu diperlukan penanganan yang tepat agar anak tersebut dapat tumbuh dan berkembang secara maksimal. Orang tua berperan besar dalam pemerolehan bahasa anak khususnya seorang ibu, karena seorang ibu lebih intensif dalam pertemuan dengan anaknya dibandingkan seorang ayah. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini akan memaparkan bagaimana peranan seorang ibu dalam pemerolehn bahasa anaknya yang berusia 4-5 tahun. Peneliti memilih responden bernama Adiba Kalisa Zahra yang berusia 4 tahun dan Rahma Salsabila berusia usia 5 tahun dalam percakapan dengan ibunya masing-masing. penelitian dilakukan di Desa Bojong Indah, Kecamatan Parung, Kabupaten Bogor.
MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA IN DUMPSITE SOILS WITHIN ABRAKA, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Odum Edward Ikenna , Idise Okiemute  E. , Ogogo Dorris I.
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in soils obtained from dumpsites in Abraka, Delta State. Four (4) dumpsites were assayed and composite soil samples were collected from each dumpsite. Isolates were obtained using the standard pour-plate method and pure cultures identified based on their cultural and biochemical characteristics. These were then subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test using the agar-disc diffusion method. A total of 61 isolates were obtained and identified to belong to nine (9) different genera. The isolates were Escherichia sp, Klebsiella spp, Staphylococcus sp, Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas sp, Proteus spp, Micrococcus sp, Streptococcus sp and Neisseria sp. Among the isolates obtained, Escherichia sp had the highest occurrence (26.23%) and Neisseria sp the lowest occurrence frequency of 1.63%.  Pefloxacin was the least effective antibiotic as 96% and 76.67% of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms respectively, were resistant to the drug. All the isolates exhibited multidrug tolerance and a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.8 was recorded for 31.15% of the isolates tested. The implication of these findings is a possible spread of persistent bacterial infections among the resident population. Proper waste management and siting of dumpsites in locations distant from residential areas will help in preventing the public health hazards associated with dumpsites.
PRODUCTION AND PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL OF BIODIESEL DERIVED FROM USED COOKING OIL ON COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE
Authors: Suleiman Ismail A. , Abubakar Shitu , Kaisan Muhammad Usman , Magaji Suleiman , Abubakar Aminu Sahabi , Shitu Sabiu , Ajunwa Isaaac , Ibrahim Ibrahim Umar , Umaru Samaila
Published: July 2020

The present study is concerned with the production of biodiesel produced from used cooking groundnut oils using alkali trans-esterification reaction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were carried out on the biodiesel produced and the presence of methyl esters and their various functional groups were detected. The Physico-chemical properties of the biodiesels produced were also carried out and most of the properties conformed to ASTM standards. The biodiesel samples were tested in a 165F- Horizontal Single Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine at Bayero University Kano (BUK), Kano State, Nigeria, investigating parameters such as: Brake power, Specific fuel consumption and Brake mean effective pressure. The exhaust gas was analysed in an NHA-506EN automotive gas analyzer, from Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State, where parameters such as hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon (IV) oxide (CO2) were all analyzed. The results showed that the oil from frying yam yielded 87.5% while that from frying fish yielded 94% and the biodiesels produced conformed to most of the Physico-chemical properties according to the ASTM standards. Also, the engine results demonstrated that there was improved brake power and mean effective pressure but the specific fuel consumptions were higher than that of the control sample. Lastly, the exhaust gas emissions results showed that there were significant reductions in carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon IV oxide (CO2) and hydrocarbon emissions showing us that biodiesel is more eco-friendly.
INVESTIGATION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY POTENTIAL OF PARTS OF CENTRAL AND NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA USING SPECTRAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE
Authors: Odidi Idena , Mallam A. , Nasir N.
Published: July 2020

The current study deals with an estimate of the Curie point depth, heat flow and geothermal gradient from spectral analysis of aeromagnetic data covering an area located approximately between latitude 7.5o N to 11.5o N and longitude 7.5o E to 10.5o E, which corresponds to parts of the Benue trough (lower part of the Upper Benue trough, the entire middle Benue trough, and upper part of the Lower Benue trough), lower part of the Gongola and Yola Basins, the Precambrian Basement, the Jurassic Younger Granites and two prominent hot Springs, Wiki hot spring in Bauchi state (in the north-eastern part) and Akiri hot spring in Nasarawa state (in the south-western part) of central and north-eastern Nigeria. Radially power spectrum was applied to the aeromagnetic data of the study area divided into 48 square blocks and each block analysed using the spectral centroid method to obtain depth to the top, centroid and bottom of magnetic sources. The depth values were subsequently used to evaluate the Curie-point depth (CPD), geothermal gradient and near-surface heat flow in the study area. The values of the curie point depths (Zb), range from 7.6341 km to 34.5158 km, with a mean value of 14.7928km, geothermal gradient, range from 16.8039 0C km-1 to 75.97490C km-1, with mean value of 45.7021 0C km-1 and heat flow (q), range from 42.0097 mWm-2 to 189.9372mWm-2, with a mean value of 114.2554mWm-2. Which reveals that, there might probably be good sources for geothermal and thereby further recommended for detailed geothermal exploration.
Проблеми соціально-психологічного супроводу неповнолітніх в період підготовки до звільнення з місць позбавлення волі
Authors: Бєлавіна Тетяна
Published: July 2020

У статті розглядаються актуальні проблеми ефективності раціонального суспільного контролю (на відміну від стихійного) за процесами соціалізації неповнолітніх осіб в умовах соціальної депривації. У якості прикладу розглядаються вихованці, що відбувають покарання у правовиконавчих закладах. Аналізується можливість оптимального ефективного ресоціалізуючого впливу на соціально-дезадаптованих юнаків в період їх підготовки до звільнення з місць позбавлення волі. Зокрема, мова йде про комплекс заходів соціально-психологічного супроводу вихованців у правовиконавчому закладі напередодні їхнього звільнення. Підкреслюється гостра необхідність успішного побудування, впровадження та послідовної реалізації комплексної програми різнобічної підготовки до реінтеграції засуджених у широкий соціум після відбуття покарання. Зазначено, що програма має бути обґрунтованою, методично точною, з соціально-психологічною спрямованістю та присвячена, по-перше, діагностиці неповнолітніх з урахуванням своєрідності соціальної ситуації розвитку та специфічних особливостей найближчого оточення, по-друге, подальшій ресоціалізації вихованців, по-трете, сприянню створення умов забезпечення стабільного становища звільнених юнаків. Завданнями програми визначено моделювання та впровадження інноваційних методик щодо формування здорового способу життя, розвитку навичок соціальної взаємодії, професійної орієнтації, професіоналізації, працевлаштування, здатності до протидії негативному впливу та тиску з боку антисоціального середовища. Зазначено, що така програма була складена у межах соціальних програм різних партнерів та реалізовувалась протягом кількох років як комплекс заходів психокорекційної роботи, так і окремі її складові. Окрема увага приділяється проблемам адикції у цієї вікової групи, передумовам розвитку адиктивної поведінки, зазначається актуальність і важливість проблеми долання схильності до найбільш поширених серед молоді її проявів, зокрема наркоманії, алкоголізації. Наведені деякі результати моніторингу ефективності запровадження одного з блоків програми «Скажи наркотикам «ні».
Infecções prevalentes na unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário
Authors: Martins Paloma Cavalcante de Assis , Vaz Ana Katly Martins Gualberto
Published: July 2020

As Infecções Relacionadas í  Assistência í  Saúde configuram um grande ônus orçamentário às instituições, além de prolongar o tempo de afastamento do paciente de suas atividades. Essas infecções são consideradas mais graves na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. O presente estudo objetivou identificar as infecções prevalentes em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital universitário da cidade de Manaus. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e retrospectiva, com dados do perí­odo de janeiro a dezembro de 2018. Os dados foram coletados por meio do banco de informações da Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar do hospital em estudo e analisados estatisticamente. O estudo revelou que pacientes acometidos por Infecções Relacionadas í  Assistência í  Saúde tiveram maior tempo de internação hospitalar. A maior prevalência foi entre pacientes cirúrgicos. A Infecção do Trato Urinário mostrou-se a infecção mais frequente. Outro achado foi o uso prolongado de dispositivos invasivos. Considerando que essas infecções têm alto potencial preventivo, para reduzi-las os profissionais devem aderir a cuidados básicos, como a lavagem das mãos e o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual. Além disso, deve-se investir em ações de educação continuada e implementação de protocolos.
Cytokine proﬁle in cows with necrobacterious ﬁ ngers
Authors: Rublenko M. , Melnikov V.
Published: July 2020

Orthopedic diseases in cows signiﬁ cantly reduce the profitability of dairy cattle breeding, causing signiﬁ cant technological and economic damage. The aim of the study was to establish a cytokine proﬁ le in cows with necrobacterioses of ﬁ nger lesions. The work was performed in typical dairy farms, on cows with various clinical forms of purulent-necrotic lesions of the extremities of a necrobacterious nature. Diagnostic studies included a complex of clinical, bacteriological biopsy samples of purulent-necrotic foci and determination of the level of cytokines in the blood using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A bacteriological study revealed various associations of F. necrophorum with E. coli, Clostridium spp., Diplococcus lans., Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci, which veriﬁ ed the necrobacterious nature of limb lesions in cows. It was established that in cows with an acute course of purulent-necrotic inﬂ ammatory process in the ﬁ nger area, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-10 sharply increase. The generalized form of necrobacillary lesions is characterized by a critical increase in the level of TNF-α in the blood by 16.8 times, IL-1β by 17.8 times compared with its level in the acute form of the concentration of IL-10. The cytokine index IL-10: TNF-α acquired a critical value of 0.4: 1, and IL-10 to IL-1β - 1: 1. The development of uncontrolled phlogogenic cytokinemia is noted, which reﬂ ects a systemic inﬂ ammatory response syndrome. A recurrent type of purulent-necrotic lesion of the extremities is characterized by rather low levels of IL-1β and IL-10. The content of IL-1β was 2.4 times greater (p <0.05). However, the concentration of TNF remained quite large and prevailed over the norm by 12.6 times (p <0.001), which was reﬂ ected in the extremely low corresponding index of 0.3: 1. That is, in this case, in a chronic course of necrobacteriosis of the extremities of cows, uncompensated permanent cytokinemia due to TNF-α is formed, which leads to the recurrent nature of the purulent-necrotic process. So, the mechanism of development of the cytokine proﬁ le in cattle requires further research.
Key words: phlogogenic and anti-inﬂ ammatory purulent-necrotic lesions, cytokines, cows, inﬂ ammation, ﬁ ngers.
Determinants of improved chickpea variety adoption in high barind region of Bangladesh
Authors: Sharna SC , Kamruzzaman M , Anik AR
Published: July 2020

Chickpea production in Bangladesh has been decreasing over time. Comprehensive farmlevel adoption of modern chickpea varieties can change the scenario. This paper endeavours to ascertain the determinants of adoption and adoption intensity of improved chickpea variety in the high barind region of Bangladesh. The outcomes from Cragg’s double hurdle model showed that organization membership, information sources, crop diversification index, and village location are the crucial factors that positively influenced both the adoption and adoption level. Farmers with organization membership are 15.5% more probable to adopt improved chickpea while by adding one more information source, the adoption probability can be increased by 6.3%. Meanwhile, women’s decisions, training, credit accessibility, and farm size have effects only in favour of initial adoption. The adoption probability is approximately 15% more in the household where women can participate in the decision-making process. Adopters with higher formal education, off-farm income, and mobile usage capability devote a greater proportion of their land to the improved variety cultivation. Strengthen of the network among farmers and their information sources should be emphasized to stimulate the diffusion process of the improved chickpea variety. Besides, training should be available for both female and male of the farm families since women also affect the adoption decision.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 56-63, June 2020
Abattoir waste use in livestock diets: Uganda’s current situation
Authors: Mwesigwa R , Migwi PK , King’ori AM , Onjoro PA
Published: July 2020

In this study, we investigated the various ways slaughter wastes are utilized, problems encountered in order to give insights in future prospects of abattoir wastes as livestock feeds. A total of 100 abattoir workers were interviewed through semi-structured questionnaires covering Kampala, Wakiso and Mukono districts in Uganda. Results revealed that majority of abattoir work force were middle-aged adults between 30-45 years contributing 37% of total workers. There was a significant association between abattoir workers responses in relation to the proportion of livestock slaughtered (Chi square 147.55; df =2; p<0.0001) in the abattoirs. With reference to cattle, 1.06 and 1.01 more sheep and goats were slaughtered respectively in the dry season in comparison to the wet season. Blood was mostly disposed as animal feed ingredient (blood meal) by 40% of the respondents while rumen contents were mostly sold as manure by 59% of the respondents. Only 16% of the respondents processed rumen contents for livestock feeding. 92.3% of bones were sold for dog feeding while 7.7% of bones were processed for livestock feed ingredients. Polythene bags were reported the biggest contaminants found in slaughter wastes. Stench from slaughter wastes contents was the biggest problem encountered with handling of waste products by (62%) of the respondents. The handling of abattoir wastes was still rudimental at most abattoirs as envisaged by lack of proper handling facilities at the abattoirs. There is need for regular enforcements to ensure proper abattoir waste disposal mechanisms for enhanced livestock use.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 129-134, June 2020
Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme Annual Report, 2019
Authors: Lahra Monica M , Shoushtari Masoud , George CR Robert , Armstrong Benjamin H , Hogan Tiffany R
Published: July 2020

The Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) has continuously monitored antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae since 1981. In 2019, a total of 9,668 clinical isolates of gonococci from the public and private sector in all jurisdictions were tested for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility by standardised methods.
The current treatment recommendation for gonorrhoea, for the majority of Australia, continues to be dual therapy with ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Decreased susceptibility (DS) to ceftriaxone (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] value ≥ 0.06 mg/L) was found nationally in 1.3% of isolates. Five N. gonorrhoeae clinical isolates were ceftriaxone-resistant (MIC value ≥ 0.25 mg/L), and therefore also resistant to penicillin; all were resistant to ciprofloxacin but susceptible to azithromycin. These isolates were reported from Victoria (3), non-remote Western Australia (1) and New South Wales (1).
Resistance to azithromycin (MIC value ≥ 1.0 mg/L) was found nationally in 4.6% of N. gonorrhoeae isolates, continuing a downward trend observed and reported since 2017. Isolates with high-level resistance to azithromycin (MIC value ≥ 256 mg/L) continue to be reported sporadically in Australia, with eight detected in 2019: two each from New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria, and one each from Tasmania and non-remote Western Australia.
In 2019, in Australia, 2,136 gonococcal isolates (22.1%) were penicillin resistant; however, there remains considerable variation by jurisdiction, and in some remote settings there is little resistance and this drug is recommended empiric therapy. In 2019, in the remote Northern Territory, no penicillin resistance was reported, however in remote Western Australia six out of 85 isolates (7.1%) were penicillin resistant. There was no ciprofloxacin resistance reported from isolates tested from remote regions of the Northern Territory, and ciprofloxacin resistance rates remain comparatively low (7/85; 8.2%) in remote Western Australia.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; disease surveillance; gonococcal infection; Neisseria gonorrhoeae
DESKRIPSI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBING PROMPTING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIKA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIII SMPN 04 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Febrianti Nurmadhani , Susanta Agus , Maulidiya Della
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara menerapkan model pembelajaran probing prompting agar terjadi peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 04 Kota Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui tes hasil belajar dan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VIII.1 SMP Negeri 04 Kota Bengkulu tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan penerapan model pembelajaran probing prompting dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika peserta didik. Peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika dari siklus I hingga siklus III yaitu berturut-turut, 54% kategori sedang; 79% kategori tinggi; dan 87% kategori sangat tinggi. peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan bimbingan untuk menyelesaikan LKPD sesuai dengan indikator berpikir kritis, memberikan pertanyaan probing prompting dengan tingkat kognitif penerapan, menggunakan alat peraga. Kata kunci : Model Pembelajaran Probing Prompting, Kemampuan berpikir kritis matematikaAbstractThis study aims to determine how to implement the model probing prompting learning in order to critical thinking skills of mathematics students class VIII. 1 SMP N 04  City of Bengkulu. This type of research carried out is a Class Action Research (PTK) with data collection through achievement test and Worksheet Students (LKPD). Subjects in this study was the students of class VIII 1 SMP N 04  City of Bengkulu 2017/2018 academic year. The results of this study indicate probing prompting learning model application can improve critical thinking skills of mathematics learners. Increase critical thinking skills of mathematics from the first cycle to the third cycle, 54% moderate category; 79% of high category; and 87% very high category. increase in critical thinking skills can be done by providing guidance to resolve LKPD according to indicators of critical thinking, providing probing questions prompting the cognitive level of the application, using props. Keywords : Probing Prompting Learning Model, critical thinking skills of mathematics
PENGARUH HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA DENGAN MENGUNAKAN PEMBELAJARAN EXAMPLE NON EXAMPLE DI SMPN 7 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Herawati Anisa , Yensy Nurul Astuty , Rusdi Rusdi
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajara matematika siswa dengan mengunakan model pembelajaran example non example dan model pembelajaran ekspositori di SMP Negeri 7 Kota Bengkulu. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 7 Kota Bengkulu. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII A  sebagai kelas sampel 1 yang mengunakan model pemebalajan example non exampel dan Kelas VII H sebagai kelas sampel 2 dengan mengunakan model pembelajaran ekspositori. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan mengunakan instrument tes. Untuk analisis data mengunakan uji-t dengan data berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Nilai rata-rata kelas sampel 1 adalah 64,92 dan nialai rata-rata kelas sampel 2 yaitu 48,88. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata siswa yang diajar mengunakan Model Pembelajaran Exampel Non Exampel lebih tinggi dari pada rata-rata nilai siswa yang mengunakan model pembelajaran ekspositori.  Hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh dengan mengunakan bantuan SPSS dengan yaitu Sig. (p-value) = 0,000 < taraf signifikan () = 0.05 maka H0 ditolak. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar matematika siswa antara siswa yang mengunakan model pembelajaran example non example di kelas VII SMP Negeri 7 Kota Bengkulu.Kata kunci : Hasil Belajar, Model Pembelajaran Example Non Example. AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether there was a influence in the average learning outcomes of mathematics students using the model example non example in SMP Negeri 7 Bengkulu City. The population in this study was the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 7 Kota Bengkulu. The sample of this research was the students of class VII A as a sample class 1 using model example of non exampel and Class VII H as sample 2 class by using expository learning model. Technique of collecting data was test instrument. For data analysis, used t-test with normal and homogeneous distributed data. The mean grade of sample 1 was 64.92 and the mean of sample 2 was 48.88. Based on the result of the research, it was found that the average of students who were taught using Learning Model Exampel Non Exampel was higher than the average of the students who used the expository learning model. Hypothesis test results had obtained by using SPSS assistance with the Sig. (p-value) = 0,000 < significant level (?) = 0.05 then H0 was rejected. Threfore, it can be concluded that there were differences in the average results of student learning mathematics influence students using non example example model in class VII SMP Negeri 7 Kota Bengkulu. Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Exampel Non Exampel, Expository
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM POSING TIPE WITHIN SOLUTION POSING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 13 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Ulfah Padilah , Muchlis Effie Efrida , Maulidiya Della
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran problem posing tipe within solution posing terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan populasi seluruh peserta didik kelas VIII SMPN 13 Kota Bengkulu Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Sampel diperoleh kelas VIII E sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan peserta didik yang berjumlah 34 peserta didik yang mendapat perlakuan model pembelajaran problem posing tipe within solution posing dan kelas VIII D sebagai kelas kontrol dengan peserta didik yang berjumlah 34 peserta didik yang mendapat perlakuan model pembelajaran ekspositori. Nilai rata-rata hasil posttest kelas eksperimen 66,41 dan rata-rata posttest kelas kontrol adalah 56,82. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menggunakan uji-t dengan taraf nyata (?) = 10% diperoleh nilai , sehingga . Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran problem posing tipe within solution posing terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 13 Kota Bengkulu.Kata Kunci : Model pembelajaran problem posing tipe within solution posing, pembelajaran ekspositori, hasil belajar peserta didik. AbstractThis research has purpose for knowing effect problem posing type within solution posing learning models to learning results. This study is a quasi-experimental research with the population was all of the grade  VIII students of   SMPN 13 Bengkulu academic year 2017/2018. Sample that choosed is student class VIII E as a experiment group with and student class VIII D as a control group. Average value of learning achievements of students in the experiment group 66,41 andcontrol group 56,82. Based on the results of data analysis obtained value  with ? = 10%, so that . Therefore, can be concluded that there is an influence of problem posing type within solution posing learning models against the results of learning mathematics students in grade VIII SMP 13 Bengkulu City.Keywords : problem posing type within solution posing learning models, ekspositori learning, results of mathematics learning of students.
EFEKTIFITAS LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK BERBASIS REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION DAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PADA MATERI BANGUN RUANG SISI DATAR
Authors: Belyuni Seli , Maulidiya Della , Susanta Agus
Published: July 2020

AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan lembar kerja peserta didik berbasis realistic mathematics education dan pendidikan karakter pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar yang memenuhi kriteria efektif. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan mengadopsi prosedur ADDIE yaitu analisis (analysis), perancangan (design), pengembangan (development), implementasi (implementation) dan evaluasi (evaluation). Efektifitas LKPD diujicobakan kepada 28 orang peserta didik kelas VIII E SMP N 15 Kota Bengkulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LKPD termasuk dalam kategori sangat efektif dengan skor rata-rata 4,25 dengan pencapaian efektifitas : (1) aktivitas peserta didik dengan skor rata-rata 4,48; (2) aktivitas pendidik dengan skor rata-rata 4,71; (3) respon peserta didik dengan skor rata-rata 4,23; (4) hasil belajar peserta didik dengan skor rata-rata 4,18 dan presentase ketuntasan minimal 85,71%.Kata kunci : Efektifitas, Lembar Kerja Peserta didik (LKPD), Realistic Mathematics Education, Pendidikan Karakter AbstractThis research aims to produce student worksheet based on realistic mathematics education and character education on polyhedron material that is effective. This research was a developmental research (Research and Development) by adopting ADDIE procedure which are analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The effectiveness of LKPD was tested on twenty eight students of class VIII E.  The result showed that Student Worksheet based on Realistic Mathematics Education and Character Education on polyhedron material for junior high school grade VIII was very effective with an average score 4,25 with achievement of effectiveness : (1) activity of students with an average score 4,48; (2) activity of teacher with an average score 4,71; (3) the response of students with an average score 4,23; (4) the learning outcomes of students effective with an average score 4,18 and a minimum percentage of 85,71% mastery.Keywords : Effectiveness, Student Worksheet (LKPD), Realistic Mathematics Education, Character Education
PENERAPAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VII 6 SMP N 01 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Julian Arif Rahmad , Hanifah Hanifah , Yensy Nurul Astuty
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VII 6 SMP Negeri 01 Kota Bengkulu dalam pembelajaran matematika melalui model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dengan pendekatan Saintifik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII 6 SMP Negeri 01 Kota Bengkulu yang berjumlah 33 siswa yang terdiri dari 19 siswa perempuan dan 14 siswa laki-laki. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar tes. Hasil belajar siswa dikatakan berhasil apabila rata-rata hasil belajar siswa mencapai  80 dan persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa  80%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dengan pendekatan Saintifik yang dilaksanakan dengan membagikan LKPD dengan tahapan  Discovery Learning yaitu tahapan stimulasi, identifikasi masalah, mengumpulkan data dan mengolah data, verifikasi, dan mengorganisasikan dengan digabungkan pendekatan Saintifik yaitu mengamati, menanya, mengumpulkan informasi, mengasosiasi dan mengomunikasi dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VII 6 SMP Negeri 01 Kota Bengkulu. Hal tersebut terbukti dengan adanya peningkatan nilai ketuntasan klasikal pada siklus I, II dan III secara berturut-turut adalah 69,69%; 78,78% dan 84,84%.Kata kunci : Hasil Belajar, Pembelajaran Discovery Learning, Pendekatan Saintifik. AbstractThe objectives of this research were to improve student learning outcomes of class VII 6 of SMP Negeri 01 Bengkulu City in learning mathematics through Discovery Learning learning model with a scientific approach. This type of research was Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects of this study were students of class VII 6 of SMP Negeri 01 Bengkulu City, totaling 33 students consisting of 19 female students and 14 male students. The data collection instrument used in this study is a test sheet. Students 'learning outcomes were said to be successful if the average student learning outcomes reach ? 80 and the percentage of students' learning mastery ? 80%. The results showed that the learning model of Discovery Learning with scientific approach implemented by distributing LKPD with the stages of Discovery Learning is the stages of stimulation, problem identification, data collection and data processing, verification, and organizing by incorporating the scientific approach that is observing, asking, gathering information, and communicate can improve student learning outcomes of class VII 6 SMP Negeri 01 Bengkulu City. Therefore it confirmed by the  improvement of the average score in students observation. Mastery classical at Cycle I, II and III in a row was 69,69%; 78,78% and 84,84% with the percentage of students' learning mastery at least ? 80%. Keywords : The Result of Learning, Discovery Learning,  Scientific Approach
JENIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL PERSAMAAN NILAI MUTLAK LINIER SATU VARIABEL
Authors: Saktiawan Oktra Okta , Maulidiya Della , Siagian Teddy Alfra
Published: July 2020

AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis jenis-jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dan dalam menyelesaikan soal persamaan nilai mutlak linier satu variabel. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes diagnostik dan wawancara. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas X MIA 3 SMA N 3 Kota Bengkulu yang berjumlah 33 siswa. Setelah memberikan tes diagnostik, peneliti melakukan wawancara terhadap siswa yang melakukan kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan soal tes diagnostik. 1) Kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal tentang nilai variabel persamaan mutlak | x – a | = b dan |  x –  | =  dilakukan oleh 26 siswa dengan 22 kesalahan konsep dan 7 kesalahan operasi; 2) Kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal tentang nilai variabel persamaan mutlak |ax + b| = c dan |  x – c| = d dilakukan oleh 26 siswa dengan 21 kesalahan konsep dan 12 kesalahan operasi; 3) Kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal tentang nilai variabel persamaan mutlak a | bx - c | + d = e dan a | x -  | + f = g dilakukan oleh 29 siswa dengan 27 kesalahan konsep dan 13 kesalahan operasi; 4) Kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal tentang nilai variabel persamaan mutlak |ax - b| = | c - x | dan  = d dilakukan oleh 24 siswa dengan 9 kesalahan fakta, 14 kesalahan konsep ,16 kesalahan operasi, 24 kesalahan prinsip. Kata Kunci :  Penelitian Deskriptif, Analisis Kesalahan Siswa, Persamaan Nilai Mutlak LinierSatu Variabel. AbstractThe aims of this research were to analyze the types of error and  factors affect the error made by the students in solving the problems of linear absolute value equations of single variable. This research was a descriptive research..The research instruments were diagnostic test and interview. The sample of this research were 33 students of class X MIA 3 SMA N 3 Bengkulu City. After giving diagnostic tests, researcher conducted interviews with students who made errors in resolved diagnostic tests. 1) students’ error in solving problems about linear absolute value equations | x – a | = b dan|x –  | =  done by 26 students with 22 misconceptions and 7 errors operation; 2) students’ error in solving the problems about linear absolute value equations |ax + b| = cdan|  x – c| = d done by 26 students with 21 misconceptions and 12 errors operation; 3) students’ error in solving the problems about linear absolute value equations a | bx - c | + d = edana | x -  | + f = g done by 29 students with 27 misconceptions and 13 errors operation; 4) students’ error in solving the problems about linear absolute value equations |ax - b| = | c - x |dan = d done by 24 students with 9 errors fact, 14 misconceptions and 16 errors operation and 21 principle errors.  Keywords: Descriptive Research, Student Error Analysis,Linear Absolute Value Equations of Single Variable
OVERSOWING GRASSES AND CLOVERS
Authors: Cullen N.A.
Published: July 2020

The effects of time of sowing, lime and fertilizer, ground cover, grazing and use of paraquat on the establishment of oversown grasses and clovers were investigated in a series of trials located throughout Otago. Competition from existing herbage had a marked effect on grass establishment, and hence on dense swards those treatments which reduced competition, namely, close grazing and use of paraquat, aided survival. Lime increased grass survival but high phosphate and nitrogen failed to improve establishment in most cases; clover establishment was generally aided by high phosphate but not by lime or nitrogen.
PRESENT POSITION OF PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT RESEARCH IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Brougham R.W.
Published: July 2020

To ASSESS the "Present Position of Pasture Establishment Research in New Zealand" objectively, time should be spent thinking about ihe seed, the germination process and the external conditions necessary for successful germination. However, because there are so many other aspects to consider in this assessment, it will be assumed that readers know exactly what a seed is, that they understand the physiology of germination, and that they are aware of the external conditions required for germination.
PROGRESS REPORT ON 'GRASSLANDS 4700' WHITE CLOVER
Authors: Weeda W.C. , Cullen N.A. , Douglas J.A. , During C.
Published: July 2020

THIS REPORT summarizes the results of comparisons of 4700 and Huia white clovers carried out by the Department of Agriculture in the past two to three years. Contributions come from the Field Research Section which conducts experiments on a New Zealandwide basis, and from the Invermay and Ruakura Research Centres, representing coastal Otago and the Waikato, respectively.
A RECONNAISSANCE OF THE ELEMENT CONTENT OF WAIRARAPA PASTURES AND WHITE CLOVER PLANTS
Authors: Wells N.
Published: July 2020

Pastures from 35 sites in the Wairarapa have been analysed by rapid techniques for Ca, K, P, S, Cl, Na, Mg, Si, Mn, MO, CU, Fe, Ti, and Zn, in white clover leaves and in mixed pasture species. Four main factors influenced the mean amounts of these elements: they were wind-blown salt (Na, Cl), soil contamination (Ti, Fe, Si), additive effects of applied fertilizer (Ca, K, P, S, MO), and induced effects of applied fertilizers (Mg). Besides setting the basic requirements for fertilizers, soil factors influenced the uptake of elements as follows: pH of sail (MO, Mn), oxidation-reduction state of soil (MO, Mn), and depth of soil profile (Cu, S).
THE NUTRITIVE EVALUATION OF COCKSFOOT PASTURE UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION
Authors: Reid R.L. , Post Amy J. , Jung G.A.
Published: July 2020

DURING the past few years, increasing emphasis has been placed on the use of nitrogen fertilized grass species, rather than grass-legume mixtures, in the North-eastern United States. According to Washko et al. (1967)) factors contributing to this trend have been the spread of the alfalfa weevil, development of improved, high yielding grass varieties, the availability of nitrogen fertilizer at economical prices, better harvesting and storage techniques, and the demonstration that grasses fertilized adequately and cut early are equivalent to legumes in nutritive quality. Of the different grass species examined, cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) has been shown to respond well to nitrogen fertilization, to be highly competitive, and to recover well under severe cutting managements. It has been claimed that cocksfoot is inferior nutritionally to other grasses. This was not substantiated in sheep feeding trials with herbage cut at different growth stages (Reid et al., 1962; Reid and Jung, 1965, or in subsequent grazing trials (Reid, Jung and Kinsey, 1967).
PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITION OF LUCERNE GROWN IN CANTERBURY
Authors: Bailey R.W. , Allison R.M. , O'Connor K.F.
Published: July 2020

Carbohydrate fractions and total nitrogen were measured in leaves and stems of Wairau lucerne grown in Canterbury. Leaves had lower levels of total soluble carbohydrate (3-5%), cellulose (S-10%) and lignin (a-4(%), and higher levels of total N (3.5-5%) than stems (total soluble carbohydrates l&22%, cellulose 2535%, lignin 4-11% and total N 1.5-4%). During the season, leaves did not change much in composition, whereas stems gradually increased in cellulose and lignin. Wintergrowing lucerne stems contained high total N (up to 4%), low, cellulose (13%) and lignin (4%). Irrigation increased soluble carbohydrate in stems, but not leaves 'in immature luceme. Defoliation of luceme led to a fall in soluble carbohydrate in the standing stems. About 50% of the lucerne total N was easily extracted from the plant as protein. .On a kg/ha basis, a yield of 15, 232 kg of DM (non-irrigated) contained 480 kg of total N, 1,385 kg total soluble carbohydrate and 2,563 kg of cellulose. Over a 70-day summer period, a protein yield of over a metric ton/ha was extracted from irrigated lucerne.
INFLUENCE OF GRAZING MANAGEMENT FACTORS ON HERBAGE AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION FROM LUCERNE PASTURES
Authors: O'Connor K.F.
Published: July 2020

ON SOILS with good moisture retention, lucerne pastures at Lincoln have been demonstrated to yield more herbage more reliably than clover-based pastures (O'Connor et aZ., 1968). On light lands lucerne-based pastures are superior to clover-based pastures (Iversen and Calder, 1956; Flay, 1965; Iversen, 1965) . Iversen (1965) demonstrated the beneficial effects to lucerne yield and persistence on light land of "lenient" treatment (involving long spelling duration with short grazing duration) in contrast to "severe" treatment (involving semi-continuous grazing). Iversen (1967) reported similar benefits on a deep soil from such "lenient" treatment in contrast to continuous grazing over the same period from September to May. The work of Vartha (1970) on Wakanui soil at Lincoln has demonstrated that longer spelling duration is beneficial to lucerne in association with grasses where grazing duration was kept short.
THE MAXIMUM UTILIZATION OF PASTURE WITH INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
Authors: Guy Malcolm
Published: July 2020

Physical features and stocking capacity of a beef fattening farm and a family company farm running beef and dairy cattle near Levin are described. Stock and pasture management and the integration of these into a successful all-grass farming enterprise are discussed.
EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE ON YIELD DISTRTRUTION OF TAMA/RAHU GREENFEED AT TWO SITES IN SOUTHLAND
Authors: Hay R.J.M. , Ryan D.L.
Published: July 2020

Rahu ryecorn, the most productive cereal under grazing in this environment, was evaluated at four seeding rates in combination with Tama ryegrass also at four seeding rates and compared with pasture. The trial was direct-drilled at two sites, Gore and Riversdale, in early autumn 1975. At Gore the optimum sowing rate combination was 70 kg/ha Rahu with 30 kg/ha Tama. This yielded 8 710 kg DM/ha from 5 grazings to the end of October. The drier Riversdale site yielded 6260 kg DM/ha over the same period at an optimum sowing rate combination of 140 kg/ha Rahu with 30 kg/ha Tama. Tiller number, tiller weight and quality measurements are presented and discussed, together with yield data in relation to all grass Farming management in Southland.
GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS
Authors: Hunt W.F. , Field T.R.O.
Published: July 2020

Mature perennial ryegrass plants in pastures persist through the asexual reproduction of the tiller. Leaves are initiated from the flanks of the tiller stem apex. Generally, two leaves arc growing on a tiller at any one time. New tiller buds may arise from the axils of mature leaves depending on environmental conditions. Flowering results from a physiological change at the stem apex, which then produces a seed head but no further leaves, eventually resulting in the tiller dying. This phenomenon and other environmental changes result in marked seasonal trends in ryegrass tiller .densities. Leaf, tiller, and root production rates are sensitive to light and temperature where nutritional factors are not limiting. Tillering rates also change with stage of regrowth after defoliation. These factors are discussed with reference to their role in determining seasonal trends.
PASTURE UTILIZATION BY SHEEP AND CATTLE
Authors: Mcdonald G.A.
Published: July 2020

I FARM 145 ha in partnership with my father at Brydone, which is 21 km south of Gore. The farm is flat and is on three levels. One-third of the area, containing Edendale soils, is situated on a terrace 20 m above the flood plain of the Mataura River. The remaining area below the terrace consists of Mataura soils, apart from some 12 ha of sands and gravels. The fertility of this small area has been built up by heavy winter stocking to enable pasture and lucerne to be established successfully. The Edendale soil, which is developed on deep deposits of windborne material, is the heavier of the two soils, with 18 to 20 cm of topsoil. Gravels occur at about 4 m. The Mataura soils, developed on alluvium, are of variable texture, and gravels may occur at a shallow depth. Both soils are free-draining, but during a dry period, as experienced last summer, the superior moisture-retention properties of the Edendale soils are apparent. Annual rainfall approximates 960 mm and is usually well distributed. Frosts to -10"~ can be expected between May and September. I consider winter to last 90 to 100 days. The property is subdivided into 20 paddocks ranging in size from 1.5 to 8 ha. Stock in each paddock has access to water, and the wholle farm is reticulated with a wire from a mains electric fence controller. The 8-ha paddocks are tm large for maximum pasture utilization unless they are stocked with all the ewe flock, and although it is planned to subdivide them permanently, a temporary electric fence is used at present.
EFFECTS OF LEVEL AND DURATION OF PASTURE SILAGE SUPPLIMENTATION ON GAINS AND OVULATION RlZTES OF EWES
Authors: Rattray P.V. , Jagusch K.T. , Smith J.F. , Winn G.W. , Farquhar P.A.
Published: July 2020

Increasing amounts (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 kg DM/ewe/day) of chopped (10 cm) wilted silage (32.5% DM) was offered to groups of oestrous-synchronized mixed-age Coopworth ewes (n = 50/ group), grazing two restricted levels of autumn pasture (0.8 and 1.6 kg DM allowance/ewe/day). Gains over the 48-day trial .increased linearly with the amount of silage fed from -140 to 68 and from -65 to 105 g/ewe/day, respectively, at each allowance. Ovulation rates were measured by laparoscopy at two oestrous cycles. A linear model with logit transformation was used to determine treatment effects on the proportion of multiple ovulations. At both cycles there was a linear effect between multiple ovulations and level of silage intake and thereby sustained gain. Fine-chopped wilted silage proved superior to conventional silage for flushing.
THE USE OF GRAZING PRESSURE TO MANIPULATE THE BALANCE OF PASPALUM/ RYEGRASS-BASED PASTURE
Authors: Baars J.A. , Percival N.S. , Goold G.J. , Weeda W.C.
Published: July 2020

Three trials in the Waikato and Northland examined the effects of applying a range of grazing pressures at various times of the year on mixed pastures of ryegrass (Lolium perenne), paspalum (Paspalum dilatafum), and white clover (Trifolium repens). The effect of lax grazing or hay and silage making in spring was to reduce paspalum content in the immediate following summer, with an associated increase in ryegrass content. These effects persisted for at least 12 months. Lax grazing with sheep in each season increased paspalum content. Lax summer grazing with she&p and very hard summer grazing with cattle increased paspalum and decreased ryegrass content. The latter effect was thought to be due to pulling of ryegrass. Some practical aspects of the results are discussed