bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular modeling of C1‐inhibitor as SARS‐CoV‐2 target identified from the immune signatures of multiple tissues: An integrated bioinformatics study
Authors: Sekaran Karthik , Polachirakkal Varghese Rinku , Gnanasambandan R. , Karthik G. , Ramya I. , George Priya Doss C.
Published: December 2022

The expeditious transmission of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a strain of COVID‐19, crumbled the global economic strength and caused a veritable collapse in health infrastructure. The molecular modeling of the novel coronavirus research sounds promising and equips more evidence about the pragmatic therapeutic options. This article proposes a machine‐learning framework for identifying potential COVID‐19 transcriptomic signatures. The transcriptomics data contains immune‐related genes collected from multiple tissues (blood, nasal, and buccal) with accession number: GSE183071. Extensive bioinformatics work was carried out to identify the potential candidate markers, including differential expression analysis, protein interactions, gene ontology, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment studies. The overlapping investigation found SERPING1, the gene that encodes a glycosylated plasma protein C1‐INH, in all three datasets. Furthermore, the immuno‐informatics study was conducted on the C1‐INH protein. 5DU3, the protein identifier of C1‐INH, was fetched to identify the antigenicity, major histocompatibility (MHC) Class I and II binding epitopes, allergenicity, toxicity, and immunogenicity. The screening of peptides satisfying the vaccine‐design criteria based on the metrics mentioned above is performed. The drug–gene interaction study reported that Rhucin is strongly associated with SERPING1. HSIC‐Lasso (Hilbert–Schmidt independence criterion‐least absolute shrinkage and selection operator), a model‐free biomarker selection technique, was employed to identify the genes having a nonlinear relationship with the target class. The gene subset is trained with supervised machine learning models by a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation method. Explainable artificial intelligence techniques perform the model interpretation analysis.
Template‐Directed Incorporation of Functional Molecules into DNA
Authors: Kanlidere Zeynep
Published: December 2022

We report a versatile method for the incorporation of functional molecules into oligonucleotides carrying reactive groups by using a template‐directed postsynthetic approach in the solution phase. For this purpose, we prepared oligonucleotides carrying an amino group on the backbone by using an acylic threoninol scaffold. The resulting oligonucleotides could be used to introduce almost any molecule carrying aldehyde, which can be, among other things, a metal‐binding ligand or a fluorophore. In our study, we incorporated aldehyde‐bearing phenanthroline, a metal‐binding ligand, into oligonucleotides by template‐directed reversible conjugation. We observed that the use of an abasic sugar site instead of a natural nucleobase in the template strand increased the yield of conjugation and induced selective incorporation of the phenanthroline. This method could lead progress in the development of probes for the recognition of abasic regions in duplex DNA. Moreover, template‐directed formation of metal ligand‐oligonucleotide conjugates might have potential applications in hybrid biocatalysis for enantioselective transformations.
Zustandsmonitoring struktureller Silikonklebungen mit faseroptischen Sensoren
Authors: Wachter Nicolas , Ganß Martin , Baudone Tommaso , Baitinger Mascha , Teich Martien , Thiel Torsten
Published: December 2022

Im Glas‐ und Fassadenbau nutzt man Silikonklebstoffe, um Glas mit metallischen Profilen oder Halterungssystemen lasttragend zu verbinden. Meist werden zusätzlich mechanische Sicherungssysteme eingesetzt und/oder die Klebfugen überdimensioniert, da Langzeiterfahrungen fehlen oder Restriktionen durch Richtlinien und Normen bestehen, die hohe pauschale Sicherheitsfaktoren nach sich ziehen. Um diese Hindernisse zu überwinden und zukünftig Klebfugen und Sicherungselement zu reduzieren, sind integrierte Sensoren und Monitoringverfahren erforderlich, die den Dehnungs‐ und Schädigungszustand der Klebung erfassen. Im Beitrag werden die Möglichkeiten der Integration und Nutzung faseroptischer Sensoren zur Zustandserfassung von Silikonklebverbindungen vorgestellt. Diesbezüglich werden die eingesetzten faseroptischen Messtechniken und das methodische Vorgehen sowie Ergebnisse an Kleinteilproben und einem Demonstrator diskutiert.

Measuring methods of structural silicone bonded joints with fibre‐optic sensors. In glass and facade construction, silicone adhesives are used to connect glass to metal profiles or mounting systems in a load‐bearing manner. In this case, however, additional mechanical safety systems are usually used and/or the glued joints are oversized, because of a lack of long‐term experience or there are restrictions by guidelines and standards that result in high general safety. In order to overcome these obstacles and to reduce the number of glued joints and securing elements in the future, embedded sensors and measuring methods are required for monitoring the deformation and damage status of the joints. In the article, the possibilities and challenges of in the adhesive embedded fibreoptic sensors for condition monitoring of the silicone joints are presented. In this regard, the used fiber‐optic measurement techniques and the methodical approach as well as results from laboratory samples and a demonstrator are discussed.
N,N‐Diphenyl Dihydrophenazines: Using π‐Extension to Access Dicationic Multifunctional Materials
Authors: Dosso Jacopo , Prato Maurizio
Published: December 2022

Dihydrophenazines are receiving increasing attention due to applications in numerous fields of chemistry, from light emission to organo‐photocatalysis. Despite this growing interest and numerous works involving the preparation of radical cations based on this scaffold, the isolation and study of the aromatic dications obtained by 2 electron oxidation of dihydrophenazines is still mostly unexplored. From this point of view, along with the substitution at the N atoms generally used to tune dihydrophenazine properties, the π‐extension of the phenazine core could play a crucial role in making dicationic states accessible. This could result in an extension of the knowledge on these elusive dications and in potentially highly interesting applications ranging from material science to molecular actuators.
Iron(III) Arylhydrazone Complexes Immobilized on Amine‐Functionalized Mesoporous Silica: Catalysts for the Valorization of Biomass‐Derived Furfuryl Alcohol
Authors: Soliman Mohamed M. A. , Granadeiro Carlos M. , Balula Salete S. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. , Mahmudov Kamran T. , Alegria Elisabete C. B. A.
Published: December 2022

The aquasoluble FeIII complexes [Fe(H2O)3(L1)] ⋅ 4H2O (Fe1) and [Fe(H2O)3(L2)] ⋅ 3H2O (Fe2), bearing the basic forms of 5‐chloro‐3‐(2‐(4,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dioxocyclohexylidene)hydrazinyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐benzenesulfonic acid (H3L1) and 3‐(2‐(2,4‐dioxopentan‐3‐ylidene)hydrazinyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐5‐nitrobenzenesulfonic acid (H3L2), were incorporated for the first time into amine‐functionalized SBA‐15 support via an impregnation method. The successful preparation of the composites was confirmed by Fourier‐Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental analysis, and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption isotherms. The resulting Fe1@aptesSBA‐15 and Fe2@aptesSBA‐15 composites were tested as the first SBA‐15‐based heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of furfuryl alcohol under mild reaction conditions (80 to 100 °C) and with an environmentally friendly oxidant (TBHP, 70 % aq. sol. with 1 : 1 oxidant/substrate molar ratio). The influence of various factors, such as reaction time, amounts of oxidant and catalyst, was investigated. The reaction time can be fairly reduced by adopting a microwave‐assisted method allowing it to reach complete conversion after 0.25 h, in the absence of any added solvent or additive. Under these conditions, a vigorous furfuryl alcohol polymerization process occurred, with furfural as a by‐product. Recycling studies were carried out for Fe2@aptesSBA‐15 and after four consecutive runs, the overall conversion of furfuryl alcohol remained high (≥99 %), without an appreciable change in the obtained yield.
Curcumin relieves corticosterone‐induced behaviour deficits via PGC‐1α‐mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy
Authors: Zhang Wen‐yuan , Wu Ya‐jing , Guo Yu‐jin , Wang Chang‐shui , Long Xiu‐zhen , Jiang Pei
Published: December 2022

Curcumin (CUR), an FDA‐approved natural product, has been found to be clinically effective in treating depression. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. PGC‐1α is a key factor in regulating mitochondrial health and depression. This study randomly divided C57BL/6 mice or cultured hippocampal neurons into four groups: CON, CORT, CORT + CUR and CORT + CUR + SR18292. The present study demonstrated that CUR was effective in suppressing CORT‐induced depressive‐like behaviour, as well as improving anxiety‐like behaviour and cognitive function. CUR was found to be effective in preventing oxidative stress induced by corticosterone (CORT), as evidenced by the restoration of Nrf2, NQO‐1, HO‐1, GCLC, SOD‐1 and DHE levels in cells. CUR inhibited the CORT‐induced perinuclear accumulation of mitochondria in vitro. Furthermore, CUR promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, potentially reversing the effect of CORT on NRF1, TFAM, PGC‐1α and the relative MT‐CO1/SDH‐A ratio. Lastly, the treatment of CUR normalized the CORT‐hindered mitophagy by upregulating the protein level of NIX, Beclin‐1, PINK1, Parkin and LC3II/LC3I, and enhancing the relative mt‐Keima signal. The protective effect of CUR was entirely negated by SR18292. CUR could regulate oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy via PGC‐1α to achieve an anti‐depressive‐like function. This study would contribute to a greater understanding of how CUR alleviates depressive symptoms.
Ecological niche models reveal divergent habitat use of Pallas's cat in the Eurasian cold steppes
Authors: Lorestani Niloufar , Hemami Mahmoud‐Reza , Rezvani Azita , Ahmadi Mohsen
Published: December 2022

Identifying the association between the patterns of niche occupation and phylogenetic relationships among sister clades and assisting conservation planning implications are of the most important applications of species distribution models (SDMs). However, most studies have been carried out regardless of within taxon genetic differentiation and the potential of local adaptation occurring within the species level. The Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul) is a less‐studied species with unknown biogeography and phylogenetic structure across a widespread yet isolated range from the Caucasus to eastern China. In the current study, by considering a previously proposed genetic structure and based on a cluster analysis on climatic variables, we supposed three clades for this species, including O. m. manul, O. m. ferrugineus, and O. m. nigripectus. We developed SDM for each clade separately and compared it with a general distribution model of the species to determine whether the hypothesized taxonomic resolution affects the predicted ecological niche of the within‐species structures. We assessed the effect of climate change on the future distribution of the species to detect the most sensitive clades to global warming scenarios. Our results showed that for all clades' models, the AUC and TSS were greater than the general model. Access to the preferred prey of the Pallas's cat, that is, pika, had a significant effect on the distribution of O. m. manul and O. m. ferrugineus, whereas the most influential variable affecting O. m. nigripectus habitat suitability was terrain slope. Based on our future projections, we found that future climate change likely threatens the clades O. m. ferrugineus and O. m. nigripectus more than O. m. manul, findings that were hidden in the general model. Our results highlight the proficiency of SDMs in recognizing within‐taxon habitat use of widespread species and the necessity of this procedure for implementing effective conservation planning of these species.
To treat or not to treat? Experimental pathogen exposure, treatment, and release of a threatened amphibian
Authors: Adams Andrea J. , Bushell Jessie , Grasso Robert L.
Published: December 2022

Reintroductions may mitigate the effects of severe amphibian declines, but chytridiomycosis—the often‐deadly disease caused by the fungal pathogenBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd)—can hinder these efforts. Exposing amphibians to the pathogen ex situ may improve disease outcomes post‐release. We experimentally inoculated federally threatened California red‐legged frogs (Rana draytonii) ex situ, cleared Bd infections, and then released them to the wild for monitoring in an area where Bd is present. Ex situ, previously exposed frogs had lower Bd loads than previously uninfected frogs, and all exposure groups, including previously uninfected frogs, naturally reduced their Bd loads in two independent experiments. After release to the wild, we observed no differences in field‐contracted Bd infection among exposure groups. Treating post‐metamorphicR. draytoniiex situ may not confer additional post‐release benefit to this species in terms of chytridiomycosis burden. Our results, however, do not necessarily mirror Bd susceptibility throughout the amphibian life cycle, with other source populations that may have different Bd infection histories, or responses to different Bd strains. These results provide a clearer understanding of post‐release disease responses of a threatened, Bd‐susceptible species with prior pathogen exposure. Following ex situ experiments with in situ applications can provide a more comprehensive understanding of threat outcomes for declining species in reintroduction programs and strengthen critical links between ex situ and in situ conservation partners.
Y(OTf)3‐CuI Catalyzed N‐α Alkynylation of Cyclic Imines with Alkynes
Authors: Feng Yi‐Man , Liu Chang‐Hong , Li Xin , Sun Jian‐Ting , Liu Nai‐Xuan , Wei Bang‐Guo
Published: December 2022

An efficient approach to (2R,3S)‐3‐siloxy‐2‐phenylethynyl substituted pyrrolidines was developed through Y(OTf)3‐CuI catalyzed N‐α alkynylation of cyclic imines (1 a and 1 e) with alkynes 2 a–s. As a result, a number of trans‐2‐phenyl acetylene substituted‐3‐siloxy pyrrolidine derivatives 4 aa–as, 4 ea–ef and 4 es were synthesized in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities (dr up to 99 : 1).
Comprehensively Improved the Performance of Carbon‐Based Printed Mesoscopic (FA)CsRbPbI3 Solar Cells by 3‐Pyridine Formamide
Authors: Chen Yiwen , Wang Dongjie , Zhang Zheling , She Bin , Wang Longbo , Wu Chenshu , Xiong Jian , Zhu Guisheng , Xie Wenfa , Huang Yu , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2022

Excellent stability, low costs, and printability are the most significant features of printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p‐MPSCs). However, the introduction of carbon electrodes reduces the cost of production while causing severe voltage losses within the p‐MPSCs. Herein, formamidine (FA), cesium, and rubidium are selected as A‐site cations (or cationic groups) in perovskite films, and nicotinamide (3‐pyridine formamide, NTM) is introduced as an additive to modify the perovskite films for the preparation of p‐MPSCs. The introduction of NTM can effectively passivate the crystal defects of perovskite films filled in the triple mesopores (mesoscopic TiO2/ZrO2/C), which enhances the pore filling and improves the carrier transportation and extraction efficiency. In addition, the amide group can effectively enhance the work function of the perovskite films and further increase the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of the p‐MPSCs. Consequently, major benefitting from the significant increase in VOC (from 880 to 970 mV), the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the NTM‐modified p‐MPSCs is improved up to 16.36%, which is nearly 20% improvement compared with the 14.36% of the control devices. In addition, the unencapsulated modified NTM‐modified (FA)CsRbPbI3 p‐MPSCs show excellent stability in air by maintaining 85% of the initial PCE after 90 days of storage.
The sensory ecology of primate food perception, revisited
Authors: Veilleux Carrie C. , Dominy Nathaniel J. , Melin Amanda D.
Published: December 2022

Twenty years ago, Dominy and colleagues published “The sensory ecology of primate food perception,” an impactful review that brought new perspectives to understanding primate foraging adaptations. Their review synthesized information on primate senses and explored how senses informed feeding behavior. Research on primate sensory ecology has seen explosive growth in the last two decades. Here, we revisit this important topic, focusing on the numerous new discoveries and lines of innovative research. We begin by reviewing each of the five traditionally recognized senses involved in foraging: audition, olfaction, vision, touch, and taste. For each sense, we provide an overview of sensory function and comparative ecology, comment on the state of knowledge at the time of the original review, and highlight advancements and lingering gaps in knowledge. Next, we provide an outline for creative, multidisciplinary, and innovative future research programs that we anticipate will generate exciting new discoveries in the next two decades.
Effects of solar tunnel drying zones and slice thickness on the drying characteristics of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) slice
Authors: Molla Ehtenesh Tilahun , Teka Tilahun A. , Taye Addisalem Hailu
Published: December 2022

This study aims to investigate the effects of slice thicknesses (2, 4, and 6 mm) and solar tunnel drying zones (zone I, zone II, and zone III) on the drying characteristics and thermal properties of taro slices, which were dried using solar tunnel drying (STD). To assess the drying characteristics of taro slices, the data from the drying kinetics were fitted with five different models. The adequacy of fit for the proposed models was evaluated using the reduced chi‐square (χ2), determination of coefficient (R2), mean relative percent error (P), and root means square error (RMSE). The results showed that, among the five drying models, the drying characteristics of taro are better expressed by the logarithmic model. The thinnest slices dried in zone III had the highest diffusivity (6.57 × 10–09 m2/s), lowest specific heat capacity (1.761 kJ/kg °C), and maximum thermal conductivity (0.268 W/m °C). It was also dried within a short period of time (5.5 h). The findings of this study provide evidence that STD zones and slice thickness have significant impact on the drying characteristics of dried taro slices.
Recommendation for imaging follow‐up strategy based on time‐specific disease failure for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Feng Ye , Xu Yiying , Xu Ting , Hong Huiling , Chen Jiawei , Qiu Xiufang , Ding Jianming , Huang Chaoxiong , Li Li , Liu Jing , Fei Zhaodong , Chen Chuanben
Published: December 2022

Background

To develop a common follow‐up strategy for appropriate imaging examination at an appropriate time for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

Independent prognostic factors were identified by Cox regression analysis, and a nomogram model was developed. Random survival forest (RSF) model was constructed to depict probability of disease failure during a 5‐year follow‐up and establish a reasonable risk‐based follow‐up strategy.

Results

The nomogram model finally categorized the patients into three risk groups. RSF model demonstrated distribution trends for local and regional recurrences, bone metastasis, liver metastasis, and lung metastasis of NPC. Adequate imaging at follow‐up should be considered between 10 and 21 months for patients at moderate‐risk of recurrence or metastasis and 7–36 months for those at high‐risk.

Conclusions

The temporal distribution of incidence rates of recurrence or metastasis varied among different risk groups. We recommend implementing a focused and targeted imaging surveillance intervention at appropriate times to improve its efficiency and reduce costs.
Howard Rachlin: An extended scientist
Authors: Locey Matthew L.
Published: December 2022

During the latter half of his career, Rachlin's work increasingly focused on integrating the study of temporal discounting and social cooperation—choices for an extended self. His notion of a self that is extended across time and social space is a useful framework within which to consider Rachlin's impact as a philosopher, scientist, and mentor over the course of his 56‐year career in behavior science.
An image processing‐based quantification of gram variability in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Canciello Sofia , Parisi Miranda , Lucidi Massimiliano , Visca Paolo , Cincotti Gabriella
Published: December 2022

Gram staining differentiates bacteria as gram‐positive and gram‐negative, depending on their cell wall constituents, and coloring cells in violet and pink, respectively. Sometimes, a subpopulation of the same bacterial species assumes different colors, ranging from pink to violet, for reasons that are not completely understood yet. We analyze conventional brightfield images and use an automated pipeline to count pink and violet cells. The ImageJ‐based processing algorithm quantifies the gram variability in Acinetobacter baumannii ACICU in the stationary phase of growth with a percentage of 66% pink cells. Different bacterial strains and cell growth stages have been considered.

Research Highlights

Gram staining differentiates bacteria into gram‐positive (violet) and gram‐negative (pink). Gram variability represents an inhomogeneous distribution of pink and violet cells within the same species. We developed an ImageJ‐based pipeline for the quantification of Gram variability in Acinetobacter baumannii.
Novel algorithm for diagnosis of Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy: Key gene expression profiling using machine learning
Authors: Zhang Youming , Xie Jiaxi , Wu Yizhang , Zhang Baowei , Zhou Chunjiang , Gao Xiaotong , Xie Xin , Li Xiaorong , Yu Jinbo , Wang Xuecheng , Cheng Dian , Zhou Jian , Chen Zijun , Fan Fenghua , Zhou Xiujuan , Yang Bing
Published: December 2022

Background

It is difficult to distinguish between arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) because of their similar clinical manifestations. This study aimed to develop a novel diagnostic algorithm for distinguishing ACM from DCM.

Methods

Two public datasets containing human ACM and DCM myocardial samples were used. Consensus clustering, non‐negative matrix factorization and principal component analysis were applied. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis and machine learning methods, including random forest and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, were used to identify candidate genes. Receiver operating characteristic curves and nomograms were performed to estimate diagnostic efficacy, and Spearman's correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between candidate genes and cardiac function indices.

Results

Both ACM and DCM showed highly similar gene expression patterns in the clustering analyses. Hub gene modules associated with cardiomyopathy were obtained using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. Thirteen candidate genes were selected using machine learning algorithms, and their combination showed a high diagnostic value (area under the ROC curve = 0.86) for distinguishing ACM from DCM. In addition, TATA‐box binding protein associated factor 15 showed a negative correlation with cardiac index (R = −0.54, p = 0.0054) and left ventricular ejection fraction (R = −0.48, p = 0.0015).

Conclusions

Our study revealed an effective diagnostic model with key gene signatures, which indicates a potential tool to differentiate between ACM and DCM in clinical practice. In addition, we identified several genes that are highly related to cardiac function, which may contribute to our understanding of ACM and DCM.
High‐resolution mapping of sensory fibers at the healthy and post‐myocardial infarct whole transgenic hearts
Authors: Sahoglu Sevilay Goktas , Kazci Yusuf Enes , Karadogan Behnaz , Aydin Mehmet Serif , Nebol Aylin , Turhan Mehmet Ugurcan , Ozturk Gurkan , Cagavi Esra
Published: December 2022

The sensory nervous system is critical to maintain cardiac function. As opposed to efferent innervation, less is known about cardiac afferents. For this, we mapped the VGLUT2‐expressing cardiac afferent fibers of spinal and vagal origin by using the VGLUT2::tdTomato double transgenic mouse as an approach to visualize the whole hearts both at the dorsal and ventral sides. For comparison, we colabeled mixed‐sex transgenic hearts with either TUJ1 protein for global cardiac innervation or tyrosine hydroxylase for the sympathetic network at the healthy state or following ischemic injury. Interestingly, the nerve density for global and VGLUT2‐expressing afferents was found significantly higher on the dorsal side compared to the ventral side. From the global nerve innervation detected by TUJ1 immunoreactivity, VGLUT2 afferent innervation was detected to be 15–25% of the total network. The detailed characterization of both the atria and the ventricles revealed a remarkable diversity of spinal afferent nerve ending morphologies of flower sprays, intramuscular endings, and end‐net branches that innervate distinct anatomical parts of the heart. Using this integrative approach in a chronic myocardial infarct model, we showed a significant increase in hyperinnervation in the form of axonal sprouts for cardiac afferents at the infarct border zone, as well as denervation at distal sites of the ischemic area. The functional and physiological consequences of the abnormal sensory innervation remodeling post‐ischemic injury should be further evaluated in future studies regarding their potential contribution to cardiac dysfunction.
Augmented Reality in Otology/Neurotology: A Scoping Review with Implications for Practice and Education
Authors: Chen Jenny X. , Yu Sophie E. , Ding Andy S. , Lee Daniel J. , Welling D. Brad , Carey John P. , Gray Stacey T. , Creighton Francis X.
Published: December 2022

Objective

To determine how augmented reality (AR) has been applied to the field of otology/neurotology, examine trends and gaps in research, and provide an assessment of the future potential of this technology within surgical practice and education.

Data Sources

PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were assessed from their inceptions through October 2022. A manual bibliography search was also conducted.

Review Methods

A scoping review was conducted and reported according to PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Data from studies describing the application of AR to the field of otology/neurotology were evaluated, according to a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria included non‐English language articles, abstracts, letters/commentaries, conference papers, and review articles.

Results

Eighteen articles covering a diverse range of AR platforms were included. Publication dates spanned from 2007 to 2022 and the rate of publication increased over this time. Six of 18 studies were case series in human patients although the remaining were proof of concepts in cadaveric/artificial/animal models. The most common application of AR was for surgical navigation (14 of 18 studies). Computed tomography was the most common source of input data. Few studies noted potential applications to surgical training.

Conclusion

Interest in the application of AR to otology/neurotology is growing based on the number of recent publications that use a broad range of hardware, software, and AR platforms. Large gaps in research such as the need for submillimeter registration error must be addressed prior to adoption in the operating room and for educational purposes.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 133:1786–1795, 2023
Reducing hospital acquired pressure injury in a learning health center: Making the case for quality
Authors: Polancich Shea , Patrician Patricia , Miltner Rebecca , Meese Katherine , Armstrong Amy , Layton Shannon , Vander Noot Ross , Poe Terri , Hall Allyson G.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The purpose of this descriptive study is to examine a learning health system (LHS) continuous improvement and learning approach as a case for increased quality, standardized processes, redesigned workflows, and better resource utilization. Hospital acquired pressure injuries (HAPI) commonly occur in the hospitalized patient and are costly and preventable. This study examines the effect of a LHS approach to reducing HAPI within a large academic medical center.

Methods

Our learning health center implemented a 6‐year series of iterative improvements that included both process and technology changes, with robust data and analytical reforms. In this descriptive, observational study, we retrospectively examined longitudinal data from April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2022, examining the variables of total number of all‐stage HAPI counts and average length of stay (ALOS). We also analyzed patient characteristics observed/expected mortality ratios, as well as total patient days, and the case‐mix index to determine whether these factors varied over the study period. We used the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality cost estimates to identify the estimated financial benefit of HAPI reductions on an annualized basis.

Results

HAPI per 1000 patient days for FY 20 (October 1‐September 30) and FY 21, decreased from 2.30 to 1.30 and annualized event AHRQ cost estimates for HAPI decreased by $4 786 980 from FY 20 to FY 21. A strong, statistically significant, negative and seemingly counterintuitive correlation was found (r = −.524, P = .003) between HAPI and ALOS.

Conclusions

The LHS efforts directed toward HAPI reduction led to sustained improvements during the study period. These results demonstrate the benefits of a holistic approach to quality improvement offered by the LHS model. The LHS model goes beyond a problem‐based approach to process improvement. Rather than targeting a specific problem to solve, the LHS system creates structures that yield process improvement benefits over a continued time period.
First principles study of the electronic and optical properties of high‐valence transition metal‐doped anatase titanium dioxide
Authors: Xiao X.J. , Tu J.L. , Liu Z.M. , Liu L.
Published: December 2022

The formation energies and electronic and optical properties of anatase titanium dioxide doped with high‐valence transition metals (niobium, tantalum, tungsten, and molybdenum) were studied through first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory. The results showed that the doped titanium dioxide systems exhibited a typical n‐type metallic characteristic and high transmittance within the visible light spectrum. The high‐valence transition metal‐doped anatase titanium dioxide films should be formed under oxygen‐rich conditions and the niobium‐doped anatase titanium dioxide film is easier to synthesize and more stable than the other three films. Moreover, the band gaps of the doped titanium dioxide systems decrease due to the hybridization of transition metal d, tantalum 3d and oxygen 2p states. Niobium‐ and tantalum‐doped titanium dioxide have lower effective mass and higher electron mobility than tungsten‐ and molybdenum‐doped titanium dioxide, hence are more suitable for transparent conductive oxide materials.
Synergistic determination of mode I stress intensity factors using photoelastic experimental hybrid method
Authors: Mose B.R. , Adenya C.A. , Shin D.K. , Nam J.H.
Published: December 2022

Engineering components possess discontinuities such as cracks which develop during service while others exist due to structural and material defects. The physical discontinuities in mechanical structures lead to stress concentrations, which can trigger mechanical collapses and catastrophic failures of the structure. Stress field equations of fracture mechanics have been formulated to aid in determination of the critical fracture mechanics parameter namely; the stress intensity factors (SIFs) ahead of cracks. Mathematical formulations for fracture mechanics, however, are known to predict infinite values of stress near the crack tip because of the stress singularity at the crack tip and therefore, provide limited information. Further interpretations and a combination of results from different techniques are frequently required to obtain the complete stress condition. In order to accurately determine mode I stress intensity factors without reverting to supplemental techniques, photoelastic experimental hybrid method (PEHM) is utilized in this research. Hybrid methods synergizing mathematical, numerical and experimental data have been used with great success in experimental stress analysis. Its application in the current fracture mechanics problem shows that photoelastic experimental hybrid method stress intensity factors correspond well with those calculated from theoretical method. In addition, it is noted that varying the geometric condition 2a/W from 0.2 to 0.6 while maintaining constant load had the effect of changing K1/K0 from 1.1 to 1.5.
Well‐posedness of second‐order degenerate differential equations with finite delay on Lp(ℝ;X)$$ {L}^p\left(\mathbb{R};X\right) $$
Authors: Bu Shangquan , Zhong Yuchen
Published: December 2022

Using operator‐valued
‐Fourier multiplier theorem, weighted Sobolev spaces, and the Carleman transform, we characterize the well‐posedness of second‐order degenerate differential equations with finite delay
on
, where
and
are closed linear operators defined on a Banach space
, the operators
and
are in
for some fixed
, and
when
and
. These results are used to study the well‐posedness of the associated second‐order neutral degenerate differential equations.
Extended Barton–Bandis model for rock joints under cyclic loading: Formulation and implicit algorithm
Authors: Fei Fan , Choo Jinhyun
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the Barton–Bandis model for rock joints is extended to cyclic loading conditions, without any new material parameter. Also developed herein is an implicit solution algorithm for the extended Barton–Bandis model, which can also be used for the original Barton–Bandis model for which an implicit algorithm has been unavailable. To this end, we first cast the Barton–Bandis model into an incremental elasto‐plastic framework, deriving an expression for the elastic shear stiffness being consistent with the original model formulation. We then extend the model formulation to cyclic loading conditions, incorporating the dependence of shear stress and dilation on the joint position and the shearing direction. The extension is achieved by introducing a few state‐dependent variables which can be calculated with the existing material parameters. For robust and accurate utilization of the model, we also develop an implicit algorithm based on return mapping, which is unconditionally stable and guarantees the satisfaction of the strength criterion. We verify that the proposed model formulation and algorithm produce virtually the same results as the original Barton–Bandis model under monotonic shearing conditions. We then validate the extended Barton–Bandis model against experimental data on natural rock joints under cycling loading conditions. The present work thus enables the Barton–Bandis model, which has been exceptionally popular in research and practice, to be applicable to a wider range of problems in rock mechanics and rock engineering.
On the noise in “augmented T1‐weighted steady state magnetic resonance imaging”
Authors: Leupold Jochen , Kiselev Valerij G.
Published: December 2022

Recently, Ye and colleagues proposed a method for “augmented T1‐weighted imaging” (aT1W). The key operation is a complex division of gradient‐echo (GRE) images obtained with different flip angles. Ye and colleagues provide an equation for the standard deviation of the obtained aT1W signal. Here, we show that this equation leads to wrong values of the standard deviation of such an aT1W signal. This is demonstrated by Monte Carlo simulations. The derivation of the equation provided by Ye and colleagues is shown to be erroneous. The error consists of a wrong handling of random variables and their standard deviations and of the wrong assumption of correlated noise in independently acquired GRE images. Instead, the probability distribution obtained with the aT1W‐method should have been carefully analyzed, perhaps on the basis of previous literature on ratio distributions and their normal approximations.
An atlas of small RNAs from potato
Authors: Baldrich Patricia , Liu Alexander , Meyers Blake C. , Fondong Vincent N.
Published: December 2022

Small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), phased secondary small interfering RNAs (phasiRNA), and heterochromatic small interfering RNAs (hc‐siRNA) are an essential component of gene regulation. To establish a broad potato small RNA atlas, we constructed an expression atlas of leaves, flowers, roots, and tubers of Desiree and Eva, which are commercially important potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars. All small RNAs identified were observed to be conserved between both cultivars, supporting the hypothesis that small RNAs have a low evolutionary rate and are mostly conserved between lineages. However, we also found that a few miRNAs showed differential accumulation between the two potato cultivars, and that hc‐siRNAs have a tissue specific expression. We further identified dozens of reproductive and non‐reproductive phasiRNAs originating from coding and noncoding regions that appeared to exhibit tissue‐specific expression. Together, this study provides an extensive small RNA profiling of different potato tissues that might be used as a resource for future investigations.
Optically active polymer charge‐transfer complex as a form of charge‐transfer chiralions
Authors: Yonehara Takuya , Komaba Kyoka , Goto Hiromasa
Published: December 2022

Poly(bis‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) was synthesized by electrochemical polymerization in cholesteric liquid crystal (Ch*LC) in the presence of 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). TCNQ acted as a supporting salt and a molecular dopant against the resultant poly(bisEDOT) to form a donor–acceptor‐type polymer charge‐transfer (CT) complex. Because a three‐dimensional (3D) one‐handed chiral structure was imprinted from the matrix chiral liquid crystal, the resulting polymer with TCNQ molecular doping displayed optical activity in the circular dichroism absorptions. This result indicates the production of optically active CT species comprising the polymer and the low‐molecular‐weight acceptor. The intermolecular chiral CT complex formed a one‐handed helical structure. This method is referred to as “CT complex liquid crystal (LC) electrochemical polymerization” to produce the helical polymer CT complex as atropisomers. Further, the optically active CT of the polymer is referred to as “CT chiralions.” The CT formation resulted from the molecular doping of TCNQ in the chiral polymer prepared in the helical LC matrix. As a result, molecular doping and molecular‐imprinting polymerization in the LC produced CT chiralions. The two‐step electrochemical polymerization in one‐pot polymerization developed in this study allowed the results to form a double‐layer fingerprint with a moiré‐like pattern.
COLLAPSE: A representation learning framework for identification and characterization of protein structural sites
Authors: Derry Alexander , Altman Russ B.
Published: December 2022

The identification and characterization of the structural sites which contribute to protein function are crucial for understanding biological mechanisms, evaluating disease risk, and developing targeted therapies. However, the quantity of known protein structures is rapidly outpacing our ability to functionally annotate them. Existing methods for function prediction either do not operate on local sites, suffer from high false positive or false negative rates, or require large site‐specific training datasets, necessitating the development of new computational methods for annotating functional sites at scale. We present COLLAPSE (Compressed Latents Learned from Aligned Protein Structural Environments), a framework for learning deep representations of protein sites. COLLAPSE operates directly on the 3D positions of atoms surrounding a site and uses evolutionary relationships between homologous proteins as a self‐supervision signal, enabling learned embeddings to implicitly capture structure–function relationships within each site. Our representations generalize across disparate tasks in a transfer learning context, achieving state‐of‐the‐art performance on standardized benchmarks (protein–protein interactions and mutation stability) and on the prediction of functional sites from the Prosite database. We use COLLAPSE to search for similar sites across large protein datasets and to annotate proteins based on a database of known functional sites. These methods demonstrate that COLLAPSE is computationally efficient, tunable, and interpretable, providing a general‐purpose platform for computational protein analysis.
Quantitative and convenient protocol for analysis of surface‐modified silica nanoparticles using 29Si‐NMR and near‐infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy
Authors: Kageyama Daichi , Takebayashi Yoshihiro , Nagashima Hiroki , Kon Yoshihiro , Yoda Satoshi
Published: December 2022

Near‐infrared (NIR) diffuse reflection spectroscopy combined with solid‐state 29Si‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was applied to surface‐methylated silica nanoparticles for rapid determination of the degree of modification of silanol group. 29Si‐NMR with direct polarization method was employed to quantify the amounts of methyl and silanol groups from the areas of the T2, T3, Q2, and Q3 sites for referential samples modified with different amounts of trimethoxymethylsilane (TMMS). The degree of modification obtained by NMR was correlated with the corresponding NIR spectra by partial least squares (PLS) regression, where CH overtone and combination bands of the methyl group played a key role. Validity of the regression model was demonstrated for the mixtures of modified and unmodified samples at different ratios and for the samples prepared using excess amount of TMMS. This protocol will enable a high‐throughput characterization of surface‐modified silica nanoparticles used as a filler for polymer composites and a nucleating agent for polymer foams.
Advanced Composite Lithium Metal Anodes with 3D Frameworks: Preloading Strategies, Interfacial Optimization, and Perspectives
Authors: Cao Jiaqi , Qian Guoyu , Lu Xueyi , Lu Xia
Published: December 2022

Lithium (Li) metal is regarded as the most promising anode candidate for next‐generation rechargeable storage systems due to its impeccable capacity and the lowest electrochemical potential. Nevertheless, the irregular dendritic Li, unstable interface, and infinite volume change, which are the intrinsic drawbacks rooted in Li metal, give a seriously negative effect on the practical commercialization for Li metal batteries. Among the numerous optimization strategies, designing a 3D framework with high specific surface area and sufficient space is a convincing way out to ameliorate the above issues. Due to the Li‐free property of the 3D framework, a Li preloading process is necessary before the 3D framework that matches with the electrolyte and cathode. How to achieve homogeneous integration with Li and 3D framework is essential to determine the electrochemical performance of Li metal anode. Herein, this review overviews the recent general fabrication methods of 3D framework‐based composite Li metal anode, including electrodeposition, molten Li infusion, and pressure‐derived fabrication, with the focus on the underlying mechanism, design criteria, and interfacial optimization. These results can give specific perspectives for future Li metal batteries with thin thickness, low N/P ratio, lean electrolyte, and high energy density (>350 Wh Kg−1).
Direct Ink Writing of 3D Zn Structures as High‐Capacity Anodes for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Schorr Noah B. , Qi Zhen , Wygant Bryan R. , Turney Damon E. , Yadav Gautam G. , Worsley Marcus A. , Duoss Eric B. , Banerjee Sanjoy , Spoerke Erik D. , van Buuren Anthony , Lambert Timothy N.
Published: December 2022

The relationship between structure and performance in alkaline Zn batteries is undeniable, where anode utilization, dendrite formation, shape change, and passivation issues are all addressable through anode morphology. While tailoring 3D hosts can improve the electrode performance, these practices are inherently limited by scaffolds that increase the mass or volume. Herein, a direct write strategy for producing template‐free metallic 3D Zn electrode architectures is discussed. Concentrated inks are customized to build designs with low electrical resistivity (5 × 10−4 Ω cm), submillimeter sizes (200 μm filaments), and high mechanical stability (Young's modulus of 0.1–0.5 GPa at relative densities of 0.28–0.46). A printed Zn lattice anode versus NiOOH cathode with an alkaline polymer gel electrolyte is then demonstrated. This Zn||NiOOH cell operates for over 650 cycles at high rates of 25 mA cm−2 with an average areal capacity of 11.89 mAh cm−2, a cumulative capacity of 7.8 Ah cm−2, and a volumetric capacity of 23.78 mAh cm−3. A thicker Zn anode achieves an ultrahigh areal capacity of 85.45 mAh cm−2 and a volumetric capacity of 81.45 mAh cm−3 without significant microstructural changes after 50 cycles.
Stabilization of mandibular symphysis separation in an Amazonian brown brocket deer (Mazama nemorivaga)
Authors: Baselly‐Cueva Luis O. , Melo‐Neto Gabriel B. , Galindo David J. , Lima Heloisa C. , Rahal Sheila C.
Published: December 2022

A 2‐year‐old, 22.5 kg, entire, male Amazonian brown brocket buck (Mazama nemorivaga) was presented with difficulty in prehending food, ptyalism, inability to close the mouth and lateral deviation of the tongue. Physical examination revealed poor rostral mandibular occlusion, mobility of the left hemimandible incisors, instability and crepitus of the mandible suggestive of symphyseal separation. Radiographic examination confirmed the separation of the mandibular symphysis. Surgical repair was performed based on the technique of using two parallel 1‐mm stainless steel cerclage wires to provide stability to the mandibular symphysis. The cerclage wires were removed 8 weeks postoperatively after radiographic evaluation. After removing the wires, the symphysis was palpably stable and no dental mobility was detected. In the last evaluation 3 years after surgery, the deer had normal dental occlusion and no difficulty in prehension of food. This surgical technique proved adequate to withstand the disruptive forces applied.