bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
15—18 metų krepšininkų ir imtynininkų požiūris į trenerį bei jo poveikį sportininkų įkvėpimo būsenai
Authors: Malinauskas Romualdas , Bukauskas Gintaras
Published: May 2019

Atliktas 15—18 metų krepšininkų ir imtynininkų požiūrio į trenerį tyrimas, taip pat analizuota, kaip treneris veikia sportininkų įkvėpimo būseną. Siekiant užsibrėžto tikslo buvo keliami tokie uždaviniai: įvertinti trenerio asmenybės brandą sportininkų akimis, ištirti požiūrį į trenerį pagal jo poveikį sportininkų įkvėpimo būsenai. Keliama prielaida, kad komandinės šakos sportininkų (krepšininkų) požiūris į trenerį yra palankesnis nei individualios (imtynininkų).Taikyti šie tyrimo metodai: anketinė apklausa („Trenerio asmenybės brandos vertinimo anketa“ ir „Trenerio verti-nimo pagal jo poveikį sportininkų įkvėpimo būsenai anketa“), matematinė statistika (χ² kriterijus). Tyrimas atliktas 2004 metais, ištirti 86 sportininkai (15—18 metų imtynininkai ir krepšininkai).Rezultatai atskleidė, kad 15—18 metų imtynininkai ir krepšininkai trenerio asmenybės brandą vertina vidutiniškai, nes trenerį kaip vidutiniškai brandžią asmenybę įvardijo 43% imtynininkų ir 41% krepšininkų. Taikant χ² kriterijų nustatyta, kad krepšininkų ir imtynininkų požiūris į trenerio asmenybės brandą statistiškai patikimai nesiskiria (p > 0,05).Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad trenerio poveikį sportininko įkvėpimo būsenai 50% krepšininkų ir 28% imtynininkų vertina teigiamai. Nustatytas statistiškai patikimas (p < 0,05) 15—18 metų krepšininkų ir imtynininkų trenerio ver-tinimo pagal jo poveikį sportininko įkvėpimo būsenai skirtumas: krepšininkų požiūris palankesnis.Raktažodžiai: požiūris į trenerį, įkvėpimo būsena, krepšinis, imtynės.
Ugdymo programos poveikis krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių varžybiniams socialiniams įgūdžiams
Authors: Šniras Šarūnas
Published: May 2019

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama sportuojančių moksleivių varžybinių socialinių įgūdžių problematika, siekiama atskleisti ugdymo programos poveikį krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių varžybiniams socialiniams įgūdžiams. Atliekant tyrimą buvo kelti tokie uždaviniai: įvertinti, kaip ugdymo programos veikia krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių varžybinius socialinius įgūdžius, susijusius su žodinės informacijos siuntimu ir priėmimu, ištirti ugdymo programos poveikį krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių varžybiniams socialiniams įgūdžiams, susijusiems su moksleivių poelgių ir veiksmų reguliavimu. Tyrimo metu buvo taikomas adaptuotas Y. Sugiyama (1999) klausimynas iš 16 teiginių, vertinamų penkių balų skale. Buvo analizuojami tokie socialiniai įgūdžiai: kodavimo, dekodavimo, savikontrolė socialinės sąveikos metu ir emocinė reakcija į kitus.Ugdomojo eksperimento metu buvo sudarytos edukacinės sąlygos formuotis krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių varžybi-niams įgūdžiams. Atsitiktinės serijinės atrankos principu sudarytos 2 grupės: eksperimentinė (26 krepšinį žaidžiantys moksleiviai) ir kontrolinė (28 moksleiviai) (iš viso 54 tiriamieji). Abiejų grupių tiriamieji — Kauno miesto V. Chomi-čiaus krepšinio mokyklos vaikinai, gimę 1991 m. Eksperimentu atskleistas ugdymo programos poveikis krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių varžybiniams socialiniams įgūdžiams: taikytos pedagoginio poveikio priemonės statistiškai patikimai (p < 0,001) veikė krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių varžybinius įgūdžius, susijusius su žodinės informacijos siuntimu ir priėmimu, t. y. kodavimo ir dekodavimo įgūdžių lygis po ugdomosios programos pakilo. Nustatytas teigiamas ugdymo programos poveikis krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių varžybiniams socialiniams įgūdžiams, susijusiems su elgesio ir veiksmų reguliavimu varžybų metu. Po ugdymo programos statistiškai patikimai (p < 0,01) pakilo savikontrolės ir emocinės reakcijos į kitus įgūdžių lygis.Raktažodžiai: varžybiniai socialiniai įgūdžiai, ugdymo programa, krepšinis.
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality and Visual Feedback on Balance and Leg Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Dūdaitė Arūnė , Juodžbalienė Vilma
Published: May 2019

Research background. Virtual reality and visual feedback improve motor performance, motor function and balance, so we want to fnd if it aﬀects the function of legs and balance of children with spastic hemiplegia. Research aim was to establish if the use of virtual reality and visual feedback with traditional physiotherapy improve the function of legs and balance of children with cerebral palsy. Methods. Nine children with cerebral palsy participated in the research. Participants were randomly divided into two groups – virtual reality group (n = 6) and control (n = 3). Virtual reality group practised exergaming and stretching exercises for 10 weeks, twice a week. Control group practiced conventional physiotherapy and stretching exercises for 6 weeks, twice a week. We measured the range of motion of the lower limb, spasticity of the lower limb using Modifed Ashworth’o Scale, static, dynamic balance, trunk coordination using Trunk Impairment Scale at the start and the end of the research, and balance using Pediatric Balance Scale. Results. Virtual reality and visual feedback reduced the spasticity of the lower limb, improved balance and postural control for children with cerebral palsy, but it did not improve the range of motion of the lower limb of children with cerebral palsy. Conclusions. Virtual reality and visual feedback did not improve the range of motion of the lower limb of children with cerebral palsy. Virtual reality and visual feedback reduced spasticity of the lower limb, improved balance and postural control for children with cerebral palsy.Keywords. Cerebral palsy, virtual reality, visual feedback, postural control, muscle architecture.
Experiences of People with Epilepsy during Art Therapy
Authors: Tautkevičius Vytautas , Brazauskaitė Audronė
Published: May 2019

Research background. Epilepsy is not only a central nervous system or brain disorder. It is a biological, psychological and social condition (Scambler, 2010). Children with epilepsy have a higher risk of having psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety and attention defcit disorders. The application of art therapy for people with epilepsy helps to express and understand feelings more eﬀectively (Shore, 2014). Unfortunately, there is a lack of research that analyses the experience of epilepsy patients in art therapy. The aim of this article is to reveal and describe experiences of epileptic people during art therapy. Research questions: What experiences of epilepsy patients predominate in the collected thematic analysis data? What formal elements of drawing reﬂect the participants’ experiences? How does thematic analysis data relate to the data of formal elements analysis of drawings? Methods. Qualitative study in which the participants of the study were subjected to group art therapy. The data was analysed by the thematic method and the analysis of formal elements of the drawings. Results. The analysis of the verbal data revealed the individual themes of the study participants’ experiences. After drawing analysis formal elements were found that expressed the participants’ experiences. Conclusions. 1. Experiences dominating in thematic analysis are loneliness and confnement during difcult moments, as well as constant tension and internal confusion. 2. The experiences of research participants are reﬂected in these repeated formal elements of drawing: the use of confnes and framing, the use of black and red collars, fgurative and abstract depictions, the chaotic nature of the composition, the lack of concreteness in shapes, expressiveness, and incompleteness. 3. The thematic and formal drawing element analyses complement each other. Drawings that convey the illness-related experiences include confnes, framing, and black colour in the main elements of the composition. Drawing that reﬂects unpleasant feelings and experiences uses abstract depiction, chaotic compositions, the lack of concreteness in shapes, expressiveness and incompleteness.Keywords: epilepsy, art therapy, psychosocial risks.
The Influence of Speech and Language Disorders on the Effectiveness of Rehabilitation of Individuals who Suffered Stroke
Authors: Varžaitytė Lina , Savickas Raimondas , Šiupinienė Liepa , Varanienė Vilija
Published: May 2019

Background. The speech and language disorders for stroke patients are associate with bigger morbidity, mortality, hypofunction, but the literature fndings are controversial. The aim of the study is to analyse the inﬂuence of speech and language disorders on the effectiveness of rehabilitation of individuals who suffered stroke. Subjects and methods. The study involved 64 individuals with stroke who were treated at LUHSH KK Neurorehabilitation subdivision during the years 2008 and 2010. In this analysis a retrospective data from hospital medical records forms was used. The effectiveness of rehabilitation was assessed by a change of results of functional independence measurement (FIM) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) tests during rehabilitation. The factors that may inﬂuence the effectiveness of rehabilitation (age, gender, type of speech and language disorder) were analysed. Results. The analysis revealed that rehabilitation was effective and effcient for individuals who suffered stroke both in the right and the left side, and the difference was not statistically signifcant. The FIM results of individuals with speech disorders before rehabilitation were worse, comparing to those who had speech and language disorder. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.004). But after rehabilitation, although the FIM results of subjects with speech impairments remained lower, the difference was not statistically signifcant (p = 0.367). The difference between FIM results after rehabilitation among separate aphasia groups was not statistically signifcant. But there was a statistically signifcant difference, comparing MMSE results before and after rehabilitation (p = 0.02). Conclusions. The inpatient rehabilitation was effective for stroke patients. The age and gender did not have statistically signifcant inﬂuence. The speech and language disorders did not have statistically signifcant inﬂuence to recovery of cognitive dysfunction for stroke patients in the early period of rehabilitation.Keywords: stroke, speech and language disorder, rehabilitation.
Effect of Muscle Strength Training on Cognitive Functions and Depressive Symptoms for Patients with Depressive Disorder
Authors: Leleikienė Aistė , Žlibinaitė Laura , Požerienė Jūratė , Reklaitienė Diana
Published: May 2019

Reseach Background. Depression nowadays is seen as a multifactorial disorder, it can occur as a function of many (combinations of) factors. Depression refers to a wide range of mental health problems characterized by the absence of a positive aﬀect (loss of interest and enjoyment in ordinary things and experiences), persistent low mood and a range of associated emotional, cognitive, physical and behavioural symptoms (Jonge et al., 2015). Cognitive impairment is frequently observed in patients suﬀering from depression and is associated with poor response to treatment (Roiser et al., 2012). Physical activity and exercise can be not only an additional treatment method, but also as a primary preventive means for reducing symptoms of depression by 20–30% (Booth et al., 2012). The aim of the research was to evaluate the eﬀect of muscle strength exercises on cognitive functions and depression symptoms for patients with depression. Methods. Ten outpatients with depression disorders were evaluated using a sociedemographic survey, Beck Depression Scale, and the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics version 4 (ANAM4) battery. Evaluation was done before and after the training sessions. The researchers performed 12 strength physical exercise sessions which lasted for 6 weeks. Results. Muscle strength exercises signifcantly reduced the expression of depressive symptoms in depressed patients. Muscle strength exercises significantly improved the cognitive function of depression patients, with the greatest inﬂuence on reaction time, attention concentration and memory. Exercises had a statistically signifcant eﬀect on muscle strength and have had a positive eﬀect on improving cognitive function Conclusions. The training of muscle strength can improve the cognitive function of depression and reduce depression.Keywords: depression, muscle strength exercises, cognitive functions.
Different Myofascial Release Techniques Effects on Pain and Function with Chronic Shoulder Pain in the Late Rehabilitation Period
Authors: Lipskis Darius , Lapinskas Edgaras
Published: May 2019

Background. Joints or muscles dysfunctions more often occur not only in elderly but also middle aged people. The problem becomes chronic and causes longtermed pain, lack of functional mobility. One of the most aﬀected areas of human musculoskeletal zones is shoulder area (Pan, 2016). Purpose. Evaluate myofascial release techniques for pain and function in patients with chronic shoulder pain. Methods. There were 12 patients chosen who were randomly divided into ischemic compression and friction groups. We evaluated pain, arm function, muscle strength and range of motion. Results. In ischemia group, pain after the treatment decreased (before 5.33 ± 0.81; after 3 ± 1.41, p = 0.01). Function of arm improved (before 42.83 ± 8.23; after 62.5 ± 6.89, p = 0.01). All humerus range of motions and strength of muscles improved (p < 0.05), comparing results before and after the treatment. In friction group pain after the treatment did not change (before 5.83 ± 0.98; after 4.16 ± 2.63, p = 0.252). Arm function improved (before 42.5 ± 4.84; after 56 ± 5.47, p = 0.006). Friction improved (p < 0.05) humerus ﬂexion, abduction, external rotation range of motions and muscles strength of humerus abductors. Conclusions. Ischemic compression had signifcant eﬀect on reducing shoulder pain, improving range of motion and muscle strength of humerus movers. Friction technique did not have eﬀects on reducing pain, but had significant eﬀects on humerus ﬂexion, abduction, external rotation range of motions and increased muscle strength of humerus abductors. When comparing results after ischemia and friction between groups, no signifcant diﬀerence was found in treating shoulder pain, range of motion of humerus movements and muscle strength of humerus movers.Keywords: myofascial realease, friction, ischemia.
Development Apus concniformis Sh. in Rice Crops of Tashkent Region
Authors: Otamirzaev N.
Published: May 2019

The results of studies on the study of Apus concniformis Sh. in rice crops of the Tashkent region. This is the main pest that lives in rice agroecosystem. Apus concniformis Sh. inflicts great harm by destroying young seedlings of rice. In the variant with a crustacean density per 1 m2 — 10, 15 and 20 specimens accordingly, death of sprouts was observed — 10.3, 18.4, 23.8 and 30.8. In areas where the density of the crustacean per 1 m2 was from 5–15 specimens. The crop yield decreased by 10.3–30.8% or 7.1–21.2 centner per hectare.
A Cidade em “Guerra”: a Vila da Paz e sua história (Teresina, 1986-1990)
Authors: De Sousa Neto Marcelo , Viana da Silva Karina
Published: May 2019

Recebido:  02/10/2018Aprovado:  17/12/2018Publicado: 10/12/2018Inserido no contexto de expansão das cidades brasileiras durante a redemocratização, o presente artigo tem como interesse central discutir o processo de expansão e ocupação dos espaços da cidade de Teresina (PI), destacando as formas de acesso à moradia e a problemáticas que envolvam histórias, memórias e a relação dos sujeitos com o cenário urbano. Dessa maneira, o trabalho analisa os mecanismos de ocupação e disputas políticas existentes no bairro Vila da Paz, no recorte de 1986 a 1990, tomando como ponto de partida das análises o processo de ocupação da área e as disputas entre herdeiros, ocupantes e Estado, destacando o início de sua urbanização e a atuação da Igreja Católica na definição dos contornos tomados pela comunidade. Nesse percurso, a pesquisa lançou mão do estudo hemerográfico e do uso da metodologia da História Oral, a partir de entrevistas temáticas com moradores da Vila, no intuito de discutir como a imprensa retratava a ocupação da Vila e os significados atribuídos por seus primeiros moradores sobre o processo. Palavras-chave: Cidade; Urbanização; Memória; Vila da Paz; Teresina (PI).
Alguns Apontamentos Sobre Racismo e Luta de Classes
Authors: Da Silva Junior Antônio Moreira , Da Silva Wellington Amâncio
Published: May 2019

Recebido:  13/12/2018Aprovado:  29/12/2018Publicado: 10/12/2018O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as particularidades e possíveis articulações entre racismo e sociedade de classes enquanto processos construídos histórica, social e culturalmente. O texto traz informações sobre o racismo explanando suas origens, e justificando que o mesmo só tem razão de ser mediante a sociedade comercial. Levanta também a questão referente ao condicionamento que alguns segmentos são submetidos para concretizar sua adestração e dominação. Sugere que só através da consciência da sociedade de classes e seu fim poderemos tornar o mundo mais humano. Palavras-chave: racismo; condicionamento; classe social; capitalismo
CİNSEL SAĞLIK DERSİ ALAN VE ALMAYAN HEMŞİRELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN CİNSEL SAĞLIK EĞİTİMİ HAKKINDAKİ DÜŞÜNCELERİ
Authors: YANIKKEREM Emre , ÜSTGÖRÜL Sema
Published: May 2019

Bu araştırma, Ege bölgesinde bulunan bir
Üniversitede cinsel sağlık dersi alan ve almayan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin
cinsel sağlık eğitimi hakkındaki düşüncelerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Araştırma, 2014-2015 ve 2015-2016 öğretim yılında cinsel sağlık dersini alan
187 ve başka bir seçmeli ders alan 205 öğrenci olmak üzere 392 öğrenci ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri SPSS 20.0 istatistik programı
kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve sayı, yüzde ve Ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır.
Büyük çoğunluğu  (%97.2) bekar olan
öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20.8±1.3 ve % 69.4’ü kadındır. Öğrencilerin
%57,9’unun cinsellik hakkında bilgi aldığı ve bu bilgiyi öğrencilerin %42,7’si
arkadaşlarından, %53,7’si basın/internetten edinmiştir. Öğrencilerin %20,4’ü
evlilik öncesi cinsel deneyim yaşamıştır. Cinsel sağlık dersi alan öğrencilerin
% 60,4’ü, dersi almayan öğrencilerin 
%45,4’ü cinsel bilgi düzeylerini yeterli bulmaktadır. Öğrencilerin
%69,1’i cinsel sağlık dersinin zorunlu ders olması gerektiğini ifade etmiştir. Sonuç olarak cinsel sağlık dersi alan
öğrencilerin cinsel sağlık eğitimi hakkında pozitif düşüncelerinin olduğu
bulunmuştur. Gençlerin cinsel yaşamlarını sağlıklı geçirmeleri için
üniversitelerde cinsel sağlığa yönelik eğitimlerin yaygınlaştırılması oldukça
önemlidir.
HEMŞİRELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN İYİMSER YAŞAM YÖNELİMİ İLE SAĞLIK SORUNLARI VE AKADEMİK BAŞARI DURUMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: TURAN Nuray , ÖZDEMİR AYDIN Gülsün , KAYA Hatice , YILMAZ Arzu , AKSEL Gayenur
Published: May 2019

Bu araştırma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin iyimser yaşam yönelimleri ile
sağlık sorunları ve akademik başarı durumları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek
amacı ile yapıldı. Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı türde
gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın evrenini,  bir Hemşirelik Fakültesi’nde 2014-2015
eğitim-öğretim yılında öğrenim gören 1072 öğrenci, örneklemini ise tabakalı
örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiş 282 öğrenci oluşturdu. Araştırmaya başlamadan
önce kurumdan yazılı izin, etik kurul onayı ve öğrencilerden sözlü bilgilendirilmiş
olur alındı. Veriler, Öğrenci Bilgi Formu, Yaşam Yönelim
Testi (YYT) ve Genel Sağlık Anketi 12 (GSA-12) aracılığı ile toplandı. Elde edilen veriler, bilgisayarda
uygun istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak analiz edildi. Öğrencilerin yaş ortalamasının
19.83±1.57, %80.9’unun kız, %75.5’inin çekirdek ailede yaşadığı, %42.6’sının 2
kardeşe sahip olduğu, %72.7’sinin gelirinin giderini karşıladığı, %88.3’ünün
herhangi bir kronik hastalığının olmadığı, %8.9’unun sigara, %7.1’inin alkol
kullandığı görüldü. Akademik başarı puan ortalamalarının (AGNO) 2.58±0.45, YYT puan ortalamasının 15.08±3.42,
GSA-12 puan ortalamasının 3.40±2.28
olduğu saptandı. Genel Sağlık Anketi’nden aldıkları puana göre ruhsal hastalık
belirtileri yönünden %25.2’sinin düşük, %24.8’nin orta, %50’sinin yüksek
düzeyde risk taşıdığı saptandı. YYT, GSA-12 ve AGNO puan ortalamaları arasında
anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı belirlendi (p˃0.05).
Review of Radiation-Induced Effects in Polyimide
Authors: Plis Elena A. , Engelhart Daniel P. , Cooper Russell , Johnston W. Robert , Ferguson Dale , Hoffmann Ryan
Published: May 2019

Polyimide (PI, Kapton-H®) films are widely utilized in the spacecraft industry for their insulating properties, mechanical durability, light weight, and chemical resistance to radiation. Still PI materials remain exposed to a combination of high-energy electrons, protons, and ultraviolet (UV) photons, particles primarily responsible for radiation-induced damage in geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO), which drastically change PI’s properties. This work reviews the effect of electron, proton, and UV photon irradiation on the material properties (morphology, absorption, mechanical properties, and charge transport) of PI. The different damaging mechanisms and chemical consequences that drive changes in the material properties of PI caused by each individual kind of irradiation will be discussed in detail.
A Low-Cost Approach to Crack Python CAPTCHAs Using AI-Based Chosen-Plaintext Attack
Authors: Yu Ning , Darling Kyle
Published: May 2019

CAPTCHA authentication has been challenged by recent technology advances in AI. However, many of the AI advances challenging CAPTCHA are either restricted by a limited amount of labeled CAPTCHA data or are constructed in an expensive or complicated way. In contrast, this paper illustrates a low-cost approach that takes advantage of the nature of open source libraries for an AI-based chosen-plaintext attack. The chosen-plaintext attack described here relies on a deep learning model created and trained on a simple personal computer in a low-cost way. It shows an efficient cracking rate over two open-source Python CAPTCHA Libraries, Claptcha and Captcha. This chosen-plaintext attack method has raised a potential security alert in the era of AI, particularly to small-business owners who use the open-source CAPTCHA libraries. The main contributions of this project include: (1) it is the first low-cost method based on chosen-plaintext attack by using the nature of open-source Python CAPTCHA libraries; (2) it is a novel way to combine TensorFlow object detection and our proposed peak segmentation algorithm with convolutional neural network to improve the recognition accuracy.
Progress in Phase Calibration for Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulators
Authors: Li Rujia , Cao Liangcai
Published: May 2019

Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) is one of the most widely used devices for phase modulation. It has been successfully applied in the field with requirements of precision phase modulation such as holographic display, optical tweezers, lithography, etc. However, due to the limitations in the manufacturing process, the grayscale-phase response could be different for every single SLM device, even varying on sections of an SLM panel. A diverse array of calibration methods have been proposed and could be sorted into two categories: the interferometric phase calibration methods and the diffractive phase calibration methods. The principles of phase-only SLM are introduced. The main phase calibration methods are discussed and reviewed. The advantages of these methods are analyzed and compared. The potential methods for different applications are suggested.
An Eight-Zonal Piezoelectric Tube-Type Threaded Ultrasonic Motor Based on Second-Order Bending Mode
Authors: Chu Xiangcheng , Zhang Mengfan , Yuan Songmei , Zheng Xueyang
Published: May 2019

In order to reduce the driving voltage and gain better output characteristics of piezoelectric actuators, an eight-zonal piezoelectric tube-type threaded ultrasonic motor based on two second-order bending modes was analyzed using the method of finite element analysis (FEA), and a prototype was fabricated and experimentally studied in this research. This piezoelectric motor was designed to be excited by four electrical sources applied simultaneously to four groups of electrodes on the customized lead zirconate titanate (PZT) tubular stator (inside diameter 5.35 mm, outside diameter 6.35 mm, length 30 mm), with ±90° phase shifts between adjacent electrodes. Experimental results show that the threaded motor could output a stall force (stall force means the output pull or thrust force when the linear speed is set to be zero) of about 5.0 N and a linear velocity of 4.9 mm/s with no load at the driving voltage of 40 Vpp (Vpp means the peak-to-peak value of the voltage volts). This piezoelectric motor with a compact structure and screw drive mechanism shows relatively fine velocity controllability and has huge superiority in micro-positioning systems.
Experimental Study on Axial Compression Behavior and Bearing Capacity Analysis of High Titanium Slag CFST Columns
Authors: Zhou Chunli , Chen Wei , Ruan Xiaolong , Tang Xueying
Published: May 2019

In order to study the axial compression behavior of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns filled with high titanium slag, a total of 32 specimens, including normal CFST columns, half-high titanium slag CFST columns, and full-high titanium slag CFST columns, were used as experimental samples in this study. The axial compression behaviors of high titanium slag CFST columns and normal CFST columns with various parameters such as length–diameter ratio, strength grade of concrete, strength grade of steel tube, steel content ratio, etc., were evaluated and compared through axial compression testing under monotonic static loading. The results showed that the axial compressive behaviors of high titanium slag CFST columns with various length–diameter ratios were not significantly different from those of normal CFST columns, both of which showed good axial compression performance. In addition, the length–diameter ratio limit between short and medium long column was from 3.5 to 4.4. The length–diameter ratio was the main factor influencing the shape of load–deformation curve of CFST columns. The casing hoop coefficient also had a great influence on the bearing capacity of short columns, while the influence on that of middle and long columns was not obvious. In the end, the bearing capacities of all specimens were calculated by bearing capacity formulas in European EC4, American AISC360-10, and Chinese GB50936-2014 standards. The calculated values were in good agreement with the test results.
Contribution of Fine Particles to Air Emission at Different Phases of Biomass Burning
Authors: Ordou Niloofar , Agranovski Igor E.
Published: May 2019

Particle size distribution in biomass smoke was observed for different burning phases, including flaming and smouldering, during the combustion of nine common Australian vegetation representatives. Smoke particles generated during the smouldering phase of combustions were found to be coarser as compared to flaming aerosols for all hard species. In contrast, for leafy species, this trend was inversed. In addition, the combustion process was investigated over the entire duration of burning by acquiring data with one second time resolution for all nine species. Particles were separately characterised in two categories: fine particles with dominating diffusion properties measurable with diffusion-based instruments (Dp < 200 nm), and coarse particles with dominating inertia (Dp > 200 nm). It was found that fine particles contribute to more than 90 percent of the total fresh smoke particles for all investigated species.
The Intergenerational Transmission of Early Childbearing: Examining Direct and Indirect Associations in a Swedish Birth Cohort
Authors: Högnäs Robin S. , Grotta Alessandra
Published: May 2019

Background. Research shows that early childbearing is associated negatively with educational attainment and socioeconomic status (SES). Children born to young versus older mothers often do less well in school, and many have early first births. Some studies suggest that mothers’ early childbearing operates through SES to influence the daughters’ early childbearing, and some argue that the association is strong net of SES. The current study tests these direct and indirect associations. Methods. We estimate the pathways through which mothers’ early childbearing influences daughters’ early childbearing in several steps. First, we examine bivariate associations between mothers’ early childbearing and SES, followed by bivariate associations between mothers’ SES outcomes and their daughters’ early childbearing. We then estimate the average marginal effects (AMEs) of mothers’ early children on daughters’, and a KHB decomposition to examine direct and indirect associations. Results. Findings suggest both direct and indirect associations. Nested models show that, net of a range of SES characteristics, mothers’ early childbearing increases the probability of daughters’ by approximately 8%; and KHB results suggest 37% mediation, with daughters’ school performance (12%) and household educational attainment (10%) contributing the highest shares. Conclusion. Mothers’ early childbearing and subsequent SES collectively influence the long-term wellbeing of children. Thus, early childbearing has consequences both within and across generations.
Developing Gridded Climate Data Sets of Precipitation for Greece Based on Homogenized Time Series
Authors: Gofa Flora , Mamara Anna , Anadranistakis Manolis , Flocas Helena
Published: May 2019

The creation of realistic gridded precipitation fields improves our understanding of the observed climate and is necessary for validating climate model output for a wide range of applications. The challenge in trying to represent the highly variable nature of precipitation is to overcome the lack of density of observations in both time and space. Data sets of mean monthly and annual precipitations were developed for Greece in gridded format with an analysis of 30 arcsec (∼800 m) based on data from 1971 to 2000. One hundred and fifty-seven surface stations from two different observation networks were used to cover a satisfactory range of elevations. Station data were homogenized and subjected to quality control to represent changes in meteorological conditions rather than changes in the conditions under which the observations were made. The Meteorological Interpolation based on Surface Homogenized Data Basis (MISH) interpolation method was used to develop data sets that reproduce, as closely as possible, the spatial climate patterns over the region of interest. The main geophysical factors considered for the interpolation of mean monthly precipitation fields were elevation, latitude, incoming solar irradiance, Euclidian distance from the coastline, and land-to-sea percentage. Low precipitation interpolation uncertainties estimated with the cross-validation method provided confidence in the interpolation method. The resulting high-resolution maps give an overall realistic representation of precipitation, especially in fall and winter, with a clear longitudinal dependence on precipitation decreasing from western to eastern continental Greece.
Improvements of Nano-TiO2 on the Long-Term Chloride Resistance of Concrete with Polymer Coatings
Authors: Li Guo , Cui Hangyuan , Zhou Jiacheng , Hu Weijian
Published: May 2019

The long-term chloride resistance of concrete treated with nano-TiO2-modified polymer coatings was studied. Three types of organic film-forming paints: polyurethane, epoxy resin, and chlorinated rubber were selected, and concrete specimens with nano-TiO2-modified coatings were fabricated. Then, specimens were subjected to periodical ultraviolet-accelerated aging and subsequent Coulomb electric flux experiments. Nanomodified coatings before and after ultraviolet aging were observed through scanning electron microcopy. Results indicate that the nano-TiO2 particles can effectively reduce the microdefects in coating films and alleviate damages due to aging. As a result, nano-TiO2 can significantly reduce the Coulomb fluxes of coated concrete before and after coating aging, and the average reduction amplitudes reached 66% and 44%. That is, nano-TiO2 can remarkably improve the long-term chloride resistance of coated concrete. In addition, we established the development models of the ultraviolet aging and chloride resistance of coated concrete according to an S-shaped curve.
Dynamic Computation in Visual Thalamocortical Networks
Authors: Moyal Roy , Edelman Shimon
Published: May 2019

Contemporary neurodynamical frameworks, such as coordination dynamics and winnerless competition, posit that the brain approximates symbolic computation by transitioning between metastable attractive states. This article integrates these accounts with electrophysiological data suggesting that coherent, nested oscillations facilitate information representation and transmission in thalamocortical networks. We review the relationship between criticality, metastability, and representational capacity, outline existing methods for detecting metastable oscillatory patterns in neural time series data, and evaluate plausible spatiotemporal coding schemes based on phase alignment. We then survey the circuitry and the mechanisms underlying the generation of coordinated alpha and gamma rhythms in the primate visual system, with particular emphasis on the pulvinar and its role in biasing visual attention and awareness. To conclude the review, we begin to integrate this perspective with longstanding theories of consciousness and cognition.
Recent Advances in Flow and Transport Properties of Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Cai Jianchao , Zhang Zhien , Kang Qinjun , Singh Harpreet
Published: May 2019

As a major supplement to conventional fossil fuels, unconventional oil and gas resources have received significant attention across the globe. However, significant challenges need to be overcome in order to economically develop these resources, and new technologies based on a fundamental understanding of flow and transport processes in unconventional reservoirs are the key. This special issue collects a series of recent studies focused on the application of novel technologies and theories in unconventional reservoirs, covering the fields of petrophysical characterization, hydraulic fracturing, fluid transport physics, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy.
Response-Based Assessment of Operational Limits for Mating Blades on Monopile-Type Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Verma Amrit Shankar , Jiang Zhiyu , Ren Zhengru , Gao Zhen , Vedvik Nils Petter
Published: May 2019

Installation of wind-turbine blades on monopile-type offshore wind turbines is a demanding task. Typically, a jack-up crane vessel is used, and blades are individually lifted from the vessel deck and docked with the preinstalled hub. During the process of mating, large relative motions are developed between the hub and root due to combined effects of wind-generated blade-root responses and wave-generated monopile vibrations. This can cause impact loads at the blade root and induce severe damages at the blade-root connection. Such events are highly likely to cause the failure of the mating task, while affecting the subsequent activities, and thus require competent planning. The purpose of this paper is to present a probabilistic response-based methodology for estimating the allowable sea states for planning a wind-turbine blade-mating task, considering impact risks with the hub as the hazardous event. A case study is presented where the installation system consisting of blade-lift and monopile system are modelled using multibody formulations. Time-domain analyses are carried out for various sea states, and impact velocities between root and hub are analyzed. Finally, an extreme value analysis using the Gumbel fitting of response parameters is performed and limiting sea state curves are obtained by comparing characteristic extreme responses with allowable values. It is found that the limiting sea states for blade-root mating tasks are low for aligned wind–wave conditions, and further increase with increased wind–wave misalignment. The results of the study also show that the parameter T p is essential for estimating limiting sea states given that this parameter significantly influences monopile vibrations during the blade-root mating task. Overall, the findings of the study can be used for a safer and more cost-effective mating of wind-turbine blades.
Effect of Pressure on the Removal of NH3 from Hydrolyzed and Pre-Fermented Slaughterhouse Waste for Better Biomethanization
Authors: Zver Aleš , Bernik Rajko , Mihelič Rok
Published: May 2019

Slaughterhouse waste (SW) is potentially a good source of biomethane; however, its excessive ammonia content quickly causes inhibition of microbial processes. Our aim was therefore to remove ammonia from SW before putting it into a biogas reactor. Experimental 120 L pressure container was constructed to observe NH3 removal from diluted slaughterhouse waste at constant air flow of 144 NL/min, temperature 130 °C, and at different pressures: 300 kPa, 600 kPa, and 900 kPa. SW was first allowed to hydrolyze for 14 days at 38 °C. The SW was diluted with water (DSW) to 8.4% dry matter (DM) and forcibly aerated for 334 min. From the DSW, 0.7%, 3.8%, and 9% of initial total N were removed at 300 kPa, 600 kPa, and 900 kPa, respectively. However, the C/N ratio changed only slightly, from the initial 4.38 to 3.17, which is not a promising result for biomethanization. Further research on the presented system with the addition of bases might be promising to remove more ammonia.
Evaluating Magnetocaloric Effect in Magnetocaloric Materials: A Novel Approach Based on Indirect Measurements Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Maiorino Angelo , Del Duca Manuel Gesù , Tušek Jaka , Tomc Urban , Kitanovski Andrej , Aprea Ciro
Published: May 2019

The thermodynamic characterisation of magnetocaloric materials is an essential task when evaluating the performance of a cooling process based on the magnetocaloric effect and its application in a magnetic refrigeration cycle. Several methods for the characterisation of magnetocaloric materials and their thermodynamic properties are available in the literature. These can be generally divided into theoretical and experimental methods. The experimental methods can be further divided into direct and indirect methods. In this paper, a new procedure based on an artificial neural network to predict the thermodynamic properties of magnetocaloric materials is reported. The results show that the procedure provides highly accurate predictions of both the isothermal entropy and the adiabatic temperature change for two different groups of magnetocaloric materials that were used to validate the procedure. In comparison with the commonly used techniques, such as the mean field theory or the interpolation of experimental data, this procedure provides highly accurate, time-effective predictions with the input of a small amount of experimental data. Furthermore, this procedure opens up the possibility to speed up the characterisation of new magnetocaloric materials by reducing the time required for experiments.
Optimal Timing of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Abatement in Europe
Authors: Sotiriou Chryso , Zachariadis Theodoros
Published: May 2019

Decarbonization by the mid-21st century requires strong commitment to greenhouse emission abatement measures, but national emission reduction pledges are made for the medium term. Achieving medium term targets without taking into account the long term can lead to a lock-in effect, binding countries in pathways that cannot lead to strong decarbonization. This paper sheds light in this issue by combining a theoretical approach with real-world engineering and cost data. We develop a constrained optimization model to examine least-cost greenhouse gas emission abatement pathways, taking into account (a) emission reduction objectives for two years: 2030 and 2050; and (b) the potential speed of implementation of each measure, which expresses technical and behavioural inertia in the deployment of a measure. We focus on European countries and economic sectors that are not subject to the EU Emissions Trading System. We derive relationships between 2030 abatement targets of varying ambition and the possibility for a country to achieve a strong 2050 target. We find that more ambitious EU-wide targets have to be set by 2030 so that Europe delivers deep decarbonization by 2050. Moreover, if air pollution costs are taken into account, strong decarbonization by 2050 has lower social costs than less ambitious policies.
A Global Assessment of Welfare in Farmed Fishes: The FishEthoBase
Authors: Saraiva João Luis , Arechavala-Lopez Pablo , Castanheira Maria Filipa , Volstorf Jenny , Heinzpeter Studer Billo
Published: May 2019

Fish welfare is an essential issue that needs to be tackled by the aquaculture industry. In order to address it, studies have been limited to a small number of species and the information is generally scattered. In order to have a consistent overview of the welfare of farmed fishes, we present the FishEthoBase, an open-access database that ultimately aims to provide information on the welfare of all fish species currently farmed worldwide. Presently with 41 species, this database is directed to all stakeholders in the field and targets not only to bridge the gaps between them but also to provide scientific information to improve the welfare of fish. The current text explains the database and presents an analysis of the welfare scores of 41 species, suggesting that (i) the general welfare state of farmed fishes is poor, (ii) there is some potential for improvement and (iii) this potential is related to research on species’ needs, but (iv) there are many remaining knowledge gaps and (v) current fish farming technologies do not seem to fully address welfare issues. The existence of a framework, such as the FishEthoBase, is proposed as fundamental to the design of strategies that improve the welfare of farmed fish.
Lincoln in the Bardo: “Uh, NOT a Historical Novel”
Authors: Moseley Merritt
Published: May 2019

While George Saunders’s Lincoln in the Bardo (2017) has many of the characteristics of the traditional historical novel—lapse of time, incorporation of historical characters, focus on important world-historical events and conditions—it intriguingly challenges the boundaries of the genre by an unsettling approach to verisimilitude. In addition, its fragmentation and an unusual approach to narrative help to qualify it as a neo-historical novel. The author’s thoughts on historical fiction help to clarify its positioning.
A Dialogue on the Constructions of GLBT and Queer Ethos: “I Belong to a Culture That Includes …”
Authors: Hoogestraat Jane , Glasby Hillery
Published: May 2019

Invoking a dialogue between two scholars, authors Jane Hoogestraat and Hillery Glasby discuss the exigence for, construction of, and differentiation between LGBT and queer ethos. Drawing from Larry Kramer’s The Normal Heart and the construction of a gay identity, the text explores connections between queer theory, LGBT(Q) ethos, and queer futurity, ultimately arguing for a more nuanced and critical understanding of the undecidability and performativity of LGBT and queer ethos. In framing LGBT and queer ethos as being at the same time a self and socially constructed and mediated—legitimate and illegitimate—ethos can be understood not only as a site for rhetorical agency, but also as an orientation and a form of activism. Finally, the text offers a case study of Adrienne Rich’s “Yom Kippur,” which is a poem that offers a queer (and) Jewish perspective on identity—from an individual and community level—exhibiting both an LGBT and queer ethos.
Reevaluation of Historical Exposures to Ethylene Oxide Among U.S. Sterilization Workers in the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Study Cohort
Authors: Bogen Kenneth T. , Sheehan Patrick J. , Valdez-Flores Ciriaco , Li Abby A.
Published: May 2019

The 2016 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) assessment for ethylene oxide (EO) estimated a 10−6 increased inhalation cancer risk of 0.1 parts per trillion, based on National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) epidemiology studies of sterilization facility workers exposed to EO between 1938 and 1986. The worker exposure estimates were based on a NIOSH statistical regression (NSR) model “validated” with EO levels measured after 1978. Between 1938 and 1978, when EO data was unavailable, the NSR model predicts exposures lowest in 1938 increasing to peak levels in 1978. That increasing EO concentration trend arose, in part, because engineering/industrial-hygiene (E/IH) factors associated with evolving EO-sterilization equipment and operations before 1978 were not properly considered in the NSR model. To test the NSR model trend prediction, a new E/IH-based model was developed using historical data on EO kill concentrations, EO residue levels in sterilized materials, post-wash EO concentrations in a sterilization chamber, and information on facility characteristics and sterilizer operator practices from operators familiar with pre-1978 industry conditions. The E/IH 90th percentile of 8 h time-weighted average EO exposures (C90) for highly exposed sterilizer operators was calibrated to match 1978 C90 values from the NSR model. E/IH model C90 exposures were estimated to decrease over time from levels 16 and were four-fold greater than NSR-estimated exposures for workers during 1938–1954 and 1955–1964. This E/IH modeled trend is opposite to that of NSR model predictions of exposures before 1978, suggesting that EPA’s exclusive reliance on the NIOSH cohort to estimate EO cancer risk should be re-examined.
Autologous Cord Blood in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Review
Authors: Boruczkowski Dariusz , Pujal Josep-Maria , Zdolińska-Malinowska Izabela
Published: May 2019

The aim of this narrative review is to report on the current knowledge regarding the clinical use of umbilical cord blood (CB) based on articles from PubMed and clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that CB may be used for both early diagnostics and treatment of cerebral palsy. The acidity of CB and its biochemical parameters, including dozens of cytokines, growth factors, and other metabolites (such as amino acids, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, succinate, glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and O-phosphocholine) are predictors of future neurodevelopment. In addition, several clinical studies confirmed the safety and efficacy of CB administration in both autologous and allogeneic models, including a meta-analysis of five clinical trials involving a total of 328 participants. Currently, nine clinical trials assessing the use of autologous umbilical CB in children diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy or cerebral palsy are in progress. The total population assessed in these trials exceeds 2500 patients.