bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Mini Hydro Generation Concept Trainer
Authors: Adzlina binti Basharudin Norbaiti , Ahmad Zainal bin Meor Muhamud Meor
Published: July 2020

Development of Hydro Generation Concept Trainer was created to show the basic concept of Hydro Power Plant which is a part of the Power System curriculum taught in Malaysian polytechnics. This trainer was designed to model hydroelectric power plant which converts energy derived from flowing water into electricity. This project was made based on Bill Kelsey’s hydro concept whereby fast flowing water is used to spin a turbine which will then spin a metal shaft forming the equivalent of an electrical generator that produce electricity. The electromagnet in the generator will generate the electrical voltage and current in the stationary coils of wire inside them. This trainer uses only direct current (DC) which differs from most hydro generation trainers using alternating current (AC). Moreover, this low cost trainer successfully utilizes a battery as a capacitor bank, replacing the costly capacitor bank used to store electricity in an actual hydro power plant.
Optimization of Machining Parameters in Milling Process for High Speed Machining using Taguchi Method for Best Surface Roughness
Authors: Mohd Fadly Bin Syed Hassan Syed , Binti Shafei Suzana , Rashid Rokayah Binti A
Published: July 2020

High-speed machining (HSM) in milling has known is one of the technologies in rapid tooling and manufacturing applications. The cutting mechanism, spindle speed and feed rate are not the same for HSM compared to traditional machining. Coated carbide cutting tools are widely used in high speed and cutting temperature situations. It is more efficient and providing a lower surface roughness in HSM. Throughout these days, the demand of standard surface roughness is very high aligned to achieve quality in product. This paper shows an optimization method of machining parameters in milling process for high speed machining of glass fibre reinforce polymer (GFRP) using coated carbide cutting tool to achieve better surface roughness. Taguchi Method are used and it is the best method to optimize a parameter, where a response variable can be determined. Standard orthogonal array of L9 (32) was applied in this research using signal to noise (S/N) ratio response analysis from optimization process results and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify the most significant parameters affecting surface roughness. The common machining parameters are significantly affecting surface roughness are spindle speed and feed rate. Then, conformation tests were executed to analyse the improvement of the optimization. As result, the feed rate parameter are significant for affecting the surface roughness and 90.3 % improvement on the surface roughness performance of milling process for glass fibre reinforce polymer (GFRP).
Effect of Combustion Temperature on Thermal Stability of Paddy Leaves Char Produced in Northern Malaysia
Authors: Zulaika Salleh Morgan Noor , Zainuddin Firuz , Nuzul Fadzli Syed Adam Syed
Published: July 2020

Paddy leaves is good biomass that can be converted as renewable energy sources especially in Northern Malaysia. Dry paddy leaves can be burned into char which contains a high amount of carbon that useful in the production of charcoal. This paper reports the effect of the combustion temperature of paddy leaves in Northern Malaysia during the combustion process by using a universal oven on its thermal stability. The char was subjected to Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis in the investigation of its thermal stability at the range of combustion temperature 220-260°C for 4 hours. The average moisture content of paddy leaves before combustion was 9.23%. The investigation showed that 260°C was the best combustion temperature that can be used in the production of paddy leaves char.
Application of Mesoporous Silica as Catalyst Support in Sulfur Dioxide Removal: Metal and Amine Sorbent Modifications
Authors: Adli Hanif Muhammad , Ibrahim Naimah , Md Isa Khairuddin , Abdul Jalil Aishah
Published: July 2020

Emission of hazardous SO2 into the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuels in various industries is detrimental not only to the environment but also to human beings. Various mitigation techniques have been implemented to overcome this problem, with flue gas desulfurization (FGD) method being the most commonly used. Dry FGD does not typically perform as good as wet method and requires new type of sorbent to be tested. Mesoporous silica (MS), a sorbent with porosity in the range of 2-50 nm is considered as attractive alternative due to its high specific surface area, ordered pore structures and wide array of morphologies. Due to relatively weak interaction between MS and SO2 adsorbate during dry FGD process, additives are introduced to overcome this problem. These MS are modified with basic additives which are deemed more favorable for SO2 adsorption. Metal and amine-based additives are commonly employed where the latter are reported to obtain higher adsorption capacity. Increasing additive loading is beneficial up to an optimal value depending on the types of additives.
Design and Analysis of Garlic Peeler Machine
Authors: Yen K Y , Radhwan H , Shayfull Z , Nasir S M , Abdellah Abdellah el-hadj
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this research is to design and analysis of a Garlic Peeling Machine. The traditional hand peeling garlic method is very tedious and time-consuming work once a bulk quantity of garlic to be peeled, especially for restaurants. The pungent smell of garlic will make the uncomfortable for user’s hands and eyes. Hence, the goals to be achieved in this research are to design a garlic peeling machine to replace the manual working in order to reduce the time taken compared to the hand peeling method. The research scopes involved of design and generate idea concepts, simulation and analysis structure and undergo experiment. The process flow of this research begins according to the standard design process flow. A survey was conducted to collect the customer’s requirements. After idea generation, the final concept was selected using Pugh method and Weighted method. Simulation of fluid flow was carried out using computational fluid Dynamic (CFD) software.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Gravitational Filter Based on Origami Concept (G-Filtro) Acted as Water Filtration Device in Water Tank
Authors: Zawawi M H , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd , Nazmi M A , Yusairah W N , Hassan N H , Shahira Jupri Elyssa , Azam Afiq Mohammad , Kamaruddin M A , Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol Mohd , Irfan A R
Published: July 2020

Water is the most demanding resource in the world especially in the era of the rapid growth of population and development. Therefore, delivering good quality water to consumers is important for their security of lives. Gravitational Filter Based on Origami Concept (G-Filtro) is a water filtration device that will be placed in a water tank at the residential area before people consumed it for everyday used. The specialty of this device, it does not necessarily attach to any power source. The objective of this project is to design and develop 3D G-Filtro using 3D CAD software and CFD analysis is used to determine the efficiency of the G-Filtro by simulating and model the pressure, velocity and streamline. Based on the result, the maximum water velocity for simulation without the filter is 0.266 m/s and the maximum velocity for first and second designed filter are 0.254 m/s and 0.243 m/s respectively. From the CFD simulation, the G-Filtro can remove the contaminants in water tank efficiently. Hence, it is proven that G-Filtro can be added as a new water filtration device.
Microbiological Removal of Hydrogen Sulphide from Natural Rubber Latex Processing Wastewater by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans strain UniMAP-AIN01
Authors: Naresh Sandrasekaran , Ain harmiza Abdullah Nurul , Helya Iman Kamaludin Nor , Afiq Hizami Abdullah Muhd , Fahrurrazi Tompang Mohamad
Published: July 2020

Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans is an acidophilic chemoautotrophic bacterium which capable to convert the toxic hydrogen sulphide in wastewater into non-toxic compounds. The Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans strain UniMAP-AIN01 was previously isolated from a local natural rubber latex processing mill. In this study, the A. thiooxidans strain UniMAP-AIN01 was subjected to its growth performance evaluation in the wastewater of natural rubber latex. The sulphur content in the wastewater was utilized as energy source and support their growth. It was discovered that the A. thiooxidans strain UniMAP-AIN01 has long doubling time of 2 days in thiosulphate medium, while log phase lasted until 6th day of incubation. Regression analysis of the growth kinetic was established with the aid of POLYMATH software. The precision value obtained as follows; linear regression, R2 of 0.9811, adjusted linear regression, Adj R2 of 0.9764, root mean square deviation, RMSD of 0.0015, and variance of 1.992 × 10−5 indicate the data is highly correlated and error is insignificant. Assessment on hydrogen sulphide removal efficiency using locally isolated A. thiooxidans strain UniMAP-AIN01 revealed 90% of hydrogen sulphide removal was achieved within a week.
Geopolymer via Pressing Method: Aluminosilicates/Alkaline Solution Ratio as the Determining Factor
Authors: Shee Ween Ong , Cheng-Yong Heah , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd , Ho L N , Wan En Ooi
Published: July 2020

Aluminosilicates/alkaline solution (FA/AA) ratio has a great influence on the morphology and mechanical properties of geopolymer fabricated via pressing method. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of FA/AA ratio on the performance of pressed geopolymer. The geopolymer mixtures were prepared at FA/AA ratio of 4.5-7.0 and compacted with uniaxial hydraulic press. The resultant specimens were cured at room temperature (30°C) for 7 and 28 days. The physical properties of the specimens were measured by porosity and water absorption analysis. The microstructure and strength of pressed geopolymers were determined. The results revealed that the pressed geopolymer with FA/AA ratio of 5.5 had the lowest porosity and water absorption. Furthermore, SEM micrographs proved that FA/AA ratio of 5.5 yielded the formation of well-compacted structure. Maximum compressive strength of 78.54 MPa was achieved.
Voltammetric DNA Biosensor for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Strain 18 Detection
Authors: Mhd Akhir M. A. , Parmin N. A. , Hashim Uda , Gopinath Subash C.B. , Rejali Zulida , Afzan Amilia , Uda M.N.A , Uda M.N.Afnan , Hong V.C.
Published: July 2020

This research was developed to focus on the study of the voltammetric DNA biosensor for the detection of HPV strain 18. In this research, electrical DNA biosensor was expected to detect HPV strain 18 more efficiently by using electrical characterization. In this project, device inspection was conducted to make sure the functional of the gold interdigitated electrode (IDE) by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). 3-Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane (APTES) solution was used for the process of surface modification to form the amine group on the surface of the device to facilitate the attachment of the DNA probe. In this project, synthetic DNA sample and DNA from the saliva of several Biosystems Engineering students were used as the target DNA. The current-voltage (I-V) electrical characterization was conducted to detect the presence of HPV strain 18 in both DNA samples. As the results, perfect alignment between the electrodes on the IDE was detected under SEM. Surface modification of the biosensor successfully conducted which is the covalent bond between APTES and DNA probe increase the electrical. Synthetic DNA shows the presence of HPV strain 18 while there was no HPV strain 18 detected in the DNA from saliva samples.
The Impact of Chemically-Treated Carbonized Wood Fiber (CWF) in Polyethylene Oxide (PEO)/Chitosan Blend Films
Authors: M Hanif M. P. , Jalilah A. J. , Nitiyah K. K.
Published: July 2020

In this study, we investigated the effect of acid/alkaline-treated carbonized wood fiber (CWF) in polyethylene oxide (PEO)/Chitosan (70/30) blend film prepared by solution casting. We investigated the electrical conductivity, crystallinity percentage, crystal orientation, tensile properties, and morphology of the blend films filled with 25 wt% of untreated and acid/alkaline-treated CWF. From the results, the film filled with acid-treated CWF displayed the highest electrical conductivity when compared to the films filled with untreated and alkali-treated CWF. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractograms reveal that the film filled with acid-treated CWF has the lowest crystallinity than the films filled untreated and alkaline-treated CWF. The reduction in d-spacing for the films filled treated CWF suggested improved crystal orientation for the promotion of electron transfer. The tensile properties were not affected much by the incorporation of CWF regardless of untreated or treated filler. The films with treated CWF showed slightly lower tensile strength and modulus but slightly higher elongation at break. The tensile results agree with reduced crystallinity for the blend films with both acid and alkaline treated CWF. The surface morphology of the films investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also displayed better dispersion of the conducting CWF inside the PEO/Chitosan matrix for the blends with treated CWF. The improved dispersion is due to less blockage with the presence of more amorphous regions. The presence of a broad network bridge smoothens the transfer of electrons and increases electrical conductivity.
Evaluation on physical and chemical properties of treated industrial wastewater sludge containing latex and heavy metals using ordinary Portland cement via stabilization / solidification technique
Authors: Abdul Rani A L , Rashid N A , Abdullah M A H , Omar M F
Published: July 2020

Industrial wastewater sludge containing latex collected from rubber industry wastewater treatment plant has classified the waste as scheduled waste due to high concentration of selected heavy metals within it. Laboratory scale of special treatment via solidification/stabilization (S/S) technique has been performed to the waste by using ordinary Portland cement. The objective of this research is to evaluate the chemical properties of the raw waste using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and physical properties related to unconfined compressive strength (UCS) performance of stabilised/solidified (s/s) cube specimens. Other factors took into consideration include the curing condition using air and water immersion curing technique, waste addition percentage, specimen age and density. The fresh mix prepared were cast in plastic moulds internal dimension of 50 mm3 producing cubical shape specimens and cured approximately 24 to 48 hours. The prepared specimen batches are A1 (90% OPC + 10% waste), A2 (70% OPC + 30% waste), A3 (50% OPC + 50% waste). Chemical analyses using XRF indicates that raw sludge contains approximately several heavy metals such as Aluminium (30%), Phosphorus, P (17.5%) and Zinc, Zn (11.7%). UCS testing were conducted on 7 and 28 days of specimen age. Positive average compressive strength results of 7 day air cured specimens reach 5.25 MPa, 5.28 MPa, and 2.16 MPa for A1, A2 and A3. Next, 28 days air cured specimens results are 9.59 MPa, 8.01 MPa, and 1.46 MPa for A1, A2, and A3 respectively. As for water immersion, the compressive strengths are 8.19 MPa, 4.93 MPa, and 1.90 MPa for 7 days, and 7.75 MPa, 10.10 MPa, and 2.11 MPa for 28 days at respective A1, A2 and A3 sequence. Based on the UCS performance, the tested specimens surpassed the minimum requirement for secured landfill disposal which is at 1 MPa.
Design 5.0 µm Gap Aluminium Interdigitated Electrode for Sensitive pH Detection
Authors: Afnan Uda M.N. , Bahari Jambek Asral , Hashim U. , Uda M.N.A. , Parmin N.A. , Bakar A.H.A , Anuar Aminudin , Bakar M.A.A. , Sulaiman M.K.
Published: July 2020

The aim of the research study to design high sensitive biosensor for medical applications. IDE pattern was designed using AutoCAD software with 5 µm ginger gap. The fabrication process was done using a conventional photolithography process and standard CMOS process. The fabricated electrode was physically characterized using a low power microscope (LPM) and a high power microscope (HPM). The electrically validated through I-V measurements and chemically tested with different pH buffer solutions. Al IDE was well fabricated with 0.1 µm tolerance between the design mask and fabricated IDEs. Electrical measurements confirmed that IDE was well fabricated without any shortage and results of similar IDE samples were confirmed that the repeatability of the device. The extremely small current variations in nano ampere range were quantitatively detected using an extra small volume of 2 µl for different pH buffer solutions. It is confirmed that IDEs are sensitive in both alkali and hydroxyl ions medium.
Fabrication and Characterizations of Poly-Si Nanowire Biosensor using Conventional Photolithography Technique for Detection of Dengue Virus DNA Type 2 (DENV-2)
Authors: Shazereen Azlan Aidil , Nuzaihan Md Nor Mohammad , Khairuddin Md Arshad Mohd , Amirah Basyarah Wan , Ibau Conlathan , Faris Mohamad Fathil Mohamad
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, nanotechnology has become a vast expanding application which can be used all across the science field such as chemistry, biology, physic, material science and engineering. In this paper, a poly-Si nanowire biosensor was fabricated by using the conventional photolithography technique. In addition, this technique is used to define the initial poly-Si with the dimension of 1 μm. After the conventional photolithography process, the photoresist undergone the development using resist developer and etched with reactive ion etching (RIE). Meanwhile, for the electrical part, it was observable that there was an increase in current when the nanowire has been hybridized with Dengue DNA type-2 (DENV-2) ranging from 10 fM - 10 μM. The morphology of the poly-Si nanowire was characterized by optical microscopy whilst electrically characterized by measuring the two-terminal current-voltage (I-V) characteristic.
Rice Bran Protein Powder Production Using Spray Drying Technique: Effect of Temperature, Feed Flowrate and Air Flowrate
Authors: Rizuan Mansor Mohd , Surya Krishnan Timothy , Sharizan Md Sarip Mohd , Afandi Saidi Syahrul
Published: July 2020

Abstract.Rice bran is quite a novel subject in the food and pharmaceutical research area. It is the by-product of the rice milling process that is rich in proteins and many other nutrients. However, rice bran is commonly used to feed cattle, also as fertilizer and fuel but not as a source of nutrients for humans. Thus, this study proposes another protein source and explore its production methods for food and supplement industry. This research focuses to produce rice bran protein powder and protein concentration using spray drying technique. Since rice bran protein is used in food consumption, the extraction of protein from rice bran was done using physical extraction method which water as the medium of extraction. The relationship between the spray drying parameter; inlet temperature (130 – 200˚C), feed flowrate (10 – 40%) and air flowrate (225 – 625L/Hr) were investigated based on the OFAT method, As conclusion, spray drying process of rice bran protein powder has the capability to maintain the nutritional value present in the rice bran. Rice bran protein powder could be an alternative source of hypoallergenic plant-based protein supplement to humans in the future with further research.
The Effect of Sodium Carbonate on the Fresh and Hardened Properties of Fly Ash-Based One-Part Geopolymer
Authors: Wan-En Ooi , Yun-Ming Liew , Li-Ngee Ho , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd , Shee-Ween Ong
Published: July 2020

One-part geopolymer utilized dry activator(s) which undergo geopolymerization by “just add water” mechanism. There are wide varieties of dry binders to develop one-part geopolymer. This work presents an investigation of fresh and hardened properties of fly ash-based one-part geopolymer activated by mixture of anhydrous sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). The ratios of alkali activator-to-fly ash (AA/FA) were set as 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25. The substitution of Na2CO3 was set as Na2SiO3/Na2CO3 ratio of 1. Setting time of fresh one-part geopolymer was examined through Vicat needle apparatus. Porosity, compressive strength and microstructural properties of developed specimens were also analyzed after 28 days of curing. The result showed that the partial substitution of Na2CO3 resulted in a shorter setting time and lower porosity. Besides that, the one-part geopolymer activated by the mix of Na2SiO3 and Na2CO3 achieved 78.23 MPa at AA/FA ratio of 0.20. The findings suggest that Na2CO3 is a potential alkali activator for one-part geopolymer.
Comparative Study of Various Pretreatment on Sugar Production from Mixed Rice Biomass
Authors: Cheng Yee Lau , Shamsudin Saleha , Farihan Kasim Khairul
Published: July 2020

The aim of this work was to study the effectiveness of pretreatment methods by developing a comparative study of diluted acetic acid and hydrothermal pretreatment on reducing sugar production and inhibitors formation (Furfural) from the mixed rice biomass. Diluted acetic acid and hydrothermal pretreatment were carried out over a range of temperature (150 – 190 ºC) within 30 minutes to observe the reducing sugar production and inhibitor formation (Furfural). Seamen Model was used to obtain the rate of reaction in depolymerisation of lignocellulosic biomass. This experiment data were fitted the first-order kinetic model to obtain the reaction rate constant of production and degradation of sugar. In addition, Arrhenius equation was used to determine the activation energy of the reaction. From the result, it showed that the diluted acetic acid pretreatment had higher rate on reducing sugar production and inhibitor formation than the hydrothermal pretreatment. The activation energy for the formation sugar in hydrothermal pretreatment is found 29.1 kJ/mol which is higher than acetic acid pretreatment (23.9 kJ/mol).
Sulfur-extended asphalt concrete with assessing the surface temperature of roads affecting urban heat island
Authors: Le Minh tuan , Tuan Le Huu , Shukurov Ilkhomzhon , Slesarev Mikhail
Published: July 2020

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon that affects many millions of people worldwide. The higher temperatures experienced in urban areas compared to the surrounding countryside has enormous consequences for the health and wellbeing of people living in cities. The paper studies the temperature dependence of the surface of the asphalt concrete on the air temperature of Hanoi city with a view to determine the road surface temperature compared to the comfort threshold of Vietnamese people. Research data on microclimate of Hanoi city was taken from hydro-meteorological station in the period 2010yr – 2015yr. The paper selects two most famous methods of calculating the surface temperature of asphalt concrete: The Method of Kovalev Y.N (Russia) and the method of “Superpave” method (USA). This review article outlines the contribution that pavements make to the urban heat island (UHI) effect and analyses localized and citywide mitigation strategies against the UHI. Asphalt concrete is one of the most common pavements surfacing materials and is a significant contributor to the UHI effect. Dense asphalt concrete has low albedo and high volumetric heat capacity, which results in surface temperatures reaching upwards to 60°C on hot summer days. Application of sulfur-extended asphalt concrete with advanced properties instead of asphalt concrete reduces the urban heat island effect and increase the quality and life of roads in Hanoi (Vietnam).
Application of fuzzy logic methods for controlling buildings HVAC equipment
Authors: Klashanov Fedor , Swan Alex
Published: July 2020

This article represents an application of fuzzy logic methods for control purposes of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) of modern buildings. Analysis of the main parameters of space comfort leads to the justification of fuzzy logic methods and definition of research goals. This research suggested a composition of linguistic variables and knowledge database for a virtual room air conditioning model which was simulated in MATLAB (Simulink) environment. The analysis of the modelling results proved that fuzzy methods demonstrate acceptable control capabilities and can be successfully implemented in practice. The work has been carried out within the course of studying the prospects of development of building management and automation (BMS) in the future.
Completing capital mobilization plan for road maintenance in Viet Nam
Authors: Thi Tuyet Dung Nguyen , Hùng Bùi Mạnh , Thị Lan Phương Nguyễn , Thị Tuyết Phạm
Published: July 2020

Planning of road transport development in Vietnam vision to 2030 has emphasized the role of maintenance work in order to make the most of existing transport infrastructure capacity to ensure efficiency and sustainability in exploitation. The Government has also implemented numerous policies to mobilize investment capital for road maintenance and recorded some achievements (in the 2013-2018 period, the average capital allocated for national highway maintenance was VND 6,778.644 billion/year, many times higher than the period from 2009-2012 which was VND 2,615.13 billion/year). However, granted capital for annual maintenance has not met the demand. One of the reasons is that the capital mobilization planning is still limited, particularly the planning medium and long-term maintenance has many shortcomings, not close to reality. Based on the analysis of existing capital and capital needs as well as the survey results, with the aid of SPSS software, the author has proposed solutions to complete capital mobilization planning, aims at increasing revenue for road maintenance, through improving capacity for medium and long-term maintenance planning.
Analysis of project implementation concepts Smart city
Authors: Garyaeva Venera , Garyaev Nikolay
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the characteristic features, the experience of introducing the technologies of the Smart City, which allow for the sustainable development of modern cities, improve the efficiency of urban management, improve the quality of life of the population in all spheres, including economic, social and environmental. A study was conducted to determine the principles of transition from the traditional model of city management to the model of “Smart City”. Successive stages of this transition are proposed.
Urban landscape planning adapting to flood in Can Tho city, Viet Nam
Authors: Linh Do Thuy
Published: July 2020

To promote flood resilience and reduce the damaging effects of flood in urban areas, the paper proposes an urban flood adaptation model based on an urban hydrological model, combined with the capacity of the flood ecological infracstruture. This model includes allowing flood to enter the city and restoring the interaction between flood and riparian ecosystems. This approach is called flood adaptive ecological awareness. To implement this idea, the paper translates into urban landscape planning principles that consider flood as a resource for urban ecosystems, establishing flood storage spaces based on ecological infrastructure adapted to dynamics of flood. The ability to regulate, collect, penetrate and purify pollution with water is due to the participation of landscape ecological infrastructure and enhance the regulatory capacity to mitigate the harmful effects of flood on Can Tho urban areas in Mekong Delta region, Vietnam.
Benefits and challenges of BIM implementation for facility management in operation and maintenance face of buildings in Vietnam
Authors: Hoang G V , Vu D K T , Le N H , Nguyen T P
Published: July 2020

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is regarded as a technological breakthrough that facilitates the modernization of construction industry, increasing the productivity and value across stakeholder groups. However, despite of BIM’s potential benefits towards the industry players, it seems that BIM is still not broadly implemented yet in the Vietnam construction industry, especially for facility management (FM) during the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) phase of buildings. This paper, therefore, investigate the status quo of BIM implementation for FM in O&M phase of buildings in Vietnam, exploring the benefits and also the challenges that construction practitioners in Vietnam need to overcome to fully exploit BIM potentials in O&M phase. The research results, on the basis of interviews with experts in Vietnam construction industry, show that BIM for O&M phase is still in its infancy in Vietnam and the most indicated challenges are: the cultural approach to adopt BIM in the FM industry; lacking or inadequate, misunderstanding information handover requirements.
The study of structure formation and mechanical strength properties of sulfur-containing woodcrete composites exposed to permanently acting loads
Authors: Sokolova Yulia , Akulova Marina , Isakulov B R , Sokolova Alla , Isakulov A B
Published: July 2020

The present paper considers the issues of mutual neutralization and toxicity elimination of toxic components of industrial by-products as well as the study of strength formation for sulfur-containing woodcrete composites exposed to various permanently acting loads and curing conditions in time. Woodcrete-concrete composites could be considered as one of the available lightweight heat insulating building materials with low heat conductivity and good sound proofing properties. The materials are based on recyclable raw materials widely available in the regions of Kazakhstan and Russia. The contemporary provisions of theory and practice of development of efficient lightweight woodcrete-concrete on the base of composite sulfur-containing binders obtained by the method of toxicity elimination and mechanochemical activation served as the methodological foundation of the research. While implementing scientific research, the authors used the standard measuring instrumentation and methods of analysis of physical and mechanical properties of woodcrete composites such as the up-to-date methods of X-ray diffraction analysis, differential thermal and microscopic analyses and testing equipment. The principle of mutual neutralization of toxic components of industrial by-products by means of mechanochemical treatment at low temperature has been applied in the paper. These methods allow reducing cement content due to its fractional replacement by industrial waste. For the experimental part of the research, ferrous iron with the oxidation number 3 (Fe2O3) has been used as the oxidizing agent, while elemental sulfur, wood coal dust and ferrous iron with the oxidation number 2 (FeO) have demonstrated regeneration properties. The properties of sulfur-containing woodcrete specimens have been studied after 7, 28 and 90 days of exposure in various curing conditions. It was stated that sulfur-containing woodcrete had been fractioned gradually, first, decomposition of mortar constituent part took place, then of organic filler fibers. The obtained results could be applied while manufacturing efficient walling material for civil engineering buildings and structures, including seismic areas.
The impact of crystallite size of naturally occurring and synthetic wollastonite on its modifying effect in epoxy coatings
Authors: Tverdov Ilya , Gotlib Elena , Nha Phuong Ha Thi , Sokolova Alla , Islamova Galia
Published: July 2020

The efficiency of application and finiteness of raw material supply base of naturally occurring wollastonite leads to the fact that the synthesis of this filler on the base of available renewable raw material, for example, rice husk, is of actual importance. Depending on the ratio of calcium carbonate : silicon oxide (received from rice husk), synthetic wollastonite could have different phase constitution. It consists mainly of pseudowollastonite and wollastonite. Other silicates of lime, for example, larnite, could be also present in its composition. The maximum content of wollastonite was registered in the sample with the ratio CaCO3:SiO2=1.2:1 and it is significantly lower than of naturally occurring mineral Miwoll 10-97. Naturally occurring wollastonite demonstrates the highest modifying effect, from the perspective of wear reduction and harshness enhancement of epoxy coatings. Synthetic wollastonite obtained at the ratio CaCO3:SiO2=1.2:1 is slightly less efficient. Along with that, there could be observed the regularity that the larger the crystallite size of wollastonite, the higher its abrasion resistance and harshness of filled epoxy coatings. When the content of silicon oxide in the composition of synthetic wollastonite grows, the size of its crystals has a tendency to decrease. Given this, the synthesis of wollastonite should be directed towards the enlargement of its crystals size, i.e. it is recommended to increase the content of calcium carbonate in its composition and to lower fusion temperature in order to reduce pseudowollastonite formation.
Structure formation of UHPC with metal fiber exposed to high temperature curing
Authors: Soloviev Vadim , Efishov Luka , Matyushin Evgenij
Published: July 2020

The paper reveals the possibility of using the almost impermeable structure of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) for heat treatment at temperatures above 100 °C as an alternative to autoclaving, while achieving similar physical and mechanical characteristics.
Liquid-glass concrete of variable density
Authors: Miryuk Olga
Published: July 2020

Research results of porous compositions based on sodium liquid glass and fillers of various origins are presented. Materials, regulating rheological properties and thermal transformations of liquid glass compositions were used as the fillers. Feasibility of multicomponent fillers introduction into thermal expansion compositions was substantiated. Combined fillers matching a gel-forming component and thermosetting materials that emit a gas phase are preferred for improving molding properties of compositions and forming a highly porous polymodal material. A porous aggregate with a density of 250 – 300 kg/m3 was synthesized, providing high thermal resistance of the building envelope. Advantages of a liquid-glass matrix for producing lightweight concrete with a porous silicate aggregate are shown. Genetic commonality of an aggregate and a matrix contributes to the formation of durable concrete of a porous structure. Variants of the structure of variastropic liquid glass concrete, consisting of layers of various densities were proposed. Lightweight concrete of variatropic structure with a density of 800 kg/m3 and compressive strength of 10 MPa has been developed. The integrated use of liquid glass to obtain aggregate and concrete will ensure a compact technological scheme. The research is aimed at creating a technology of heat-insulating materials that combine high porosity with shape stability.
The calculation of the rates in the swirling flow for the confuser section
Authors: Yangiev Asror , Adjimuratov Dilmurat , Gapparov Furkat , Yunusova Farida
Published: July 2020

The advantages of using aconfuser section in the outlet part of the vortex spillwayare shown in the paper; they may be more rational in terms of ensuring cavitation-free operation of the flow swirler. An analytical method for calculating the aerated swirling flow in the confuser section of the vortex spillway is presented, as well as its correspondence to experimental results, which allow us to quickly and accurately conduct the distribution analysis of axial and tangential rates in the swirling flow along the length of the confuser at different taper angles.
Methods of regulating the work of units at irrigation pumping stations
Authors: Kan Eduard , Mukhammadiev Muradulla , Ikramov Nazir
Published: July 2020

Irrigation pumping stations are one of the main elements of irrigation systems and the main consumer of electricity in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Therefore, the question of choosing a method for regulating the operation of pumping units is very important. Most irrigation pumping stations in the Republic of Uzbekistan are equipped with centrifugal pumps of type “D”. The main types of regulation for such pumps are: impeller trimming, changing the frequency of rotation of the impeller, the pumping unit switching on and off control method. The specific features of the operating modes of irrigation pumping stations revealed are. The analysis of various methods for regulating pumping units during the operation of irrigation pumping stations showed that, according to the degree of coverage of the water consumption schedule, the most optimal methods are valve control and a change in the rotational speed of the impeller shaft. Regulation by changing the speed of rotation and the pumping unit switching on and off control method more suitable according to the economy criterion. Calculations for the pumping stations “Ulugbek II”, “Kizil-Bayrak”, “Ittifok”, “Navoi” and “Turkiston” showed that with a change in the diameter of the impeller, the energy savings can reach 21.1-63.5%. When using a frequency converter at the same pumping stations, energy savings can reach 16.5-35.4 5%. It must be taken into account that, when turning, regulation is possible only in the direction of decreasing parameters.
Space-planning decisions of sanitary facilities of residential buildings in Russia
Authors: Orlov Evgeny
Published: July 2020

Currently, in the practice of designing residential buildings in Russia, sanitary facilities are given a secondary role, which reduces the level of comfort when living in an apartment. Architects are trying to give more space to all other rooms of the apartment, reducing the area of sanitary facilities. In the work, using the examples of residential multi-apartment buildings built in recent years in Moscow and the Moscow Region, the planning decisions of modern apartments, in particular their sanitary facilities, were studied and analyzed. It was concluded that the modern space-planning decisions of the sanitary facilities do not meet the requirements for the comfort of sanitary-hygienic procedures: small areas, lack of space for furniture, irrational installation of engineering equipment, not suitable for people with disabilities, etc. New space-planning solutions have been developed for one-room, two-room and three-room apartments, which will satisfy the end users and create a comfortable living environment in apartments of residential buildings.
The nitrifying rate of Sequencing Batch Reactor when apply bio-carrier the Biochip to municipal wastewater treatment
Authors: Gogina Elena , Ha Quan Tran
Published: July 2020

All around the world, the biofilm is the typical method for modification the municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant. In the activated sludge reactor, the biofilm carries more suspended bacterial through the attached and growth of microorganisms on the surface of bio-carrier. Therefore, the article evaluates the performance of bio-carrier Biochip 25 in the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) – a variation of activated sludge and has been wide applied in municipal wastewater treatment plant. The experiment proceeded in 2 phases, based on 2 main kind of pollutants in wastewater: 1. Organic matters in typical model SBR; and 2. Nutrients, especially ammonia – nitrogen in modification model with anoxic step. The quality of treated water from the model SBR with Biochip shows that, the efficiency of biological treatment stabilizes in range 80 – 90% with organic matter and 75 – 85% with Ammonia – Nitrogen. In modification model SBR, the specific denitrification rate stabilizes in range 0.3 – 0.4 Nred/kg sludge/day and the nitrification rate in range 0.18 – 0.20 kg Nox/kg sludge/d. Moreover, the specific rate and the balance of nitrogen in reactor got optimal value when the ratio of loading rate from 1.5 – 2.5 kg BOD †TKN/kg sludge/day.
The effect of the building blind area heat insulation on heat losses through the floor on the ground
Authors: Malyavina Elena , Gnezdilova Elizaveta
Published: July 2020

The relevance of the problem under studying is the appearance of non-traditional heating insulation structures of the floor on the ground, that can not be subject to calculations of heat losses using the existing methods. The purpose of this article is to find out the average characteristic heat transfer resistances in the design zones adopted in the Russian Federation for thermal protection of the floor on the ground by heat insulating the blind area of the building. Factors essential for possible elimination of condensation on the junction of the floor and the exterior walls were evaluated, as well as the possible maintenance of the floor temperature at the border of the serviced area not below specified values. The method of investigation is the annual calculation of unsteady thermal regime of flooring with the soil massive by finite difference method according to the implicit scheme. As the results we can state a significant impact of the type of soil on the heat loss through the ground floor, an insignificant impact of the width and thickness of the insulated building blind area. The most critical for the possibility of using the blind area heat insulation is the practical inability to provide acceptable temperatures of the floor at the wall-to-floor junction and on the border of the serviced zone. The main conclusion is that the heat insulation of the building blind reaches its goals at the room temperature of 10 °C. But it needs additional small heat insulation of the floor on the ground itself at a room temperature of 20°C and 30°C.
Upgrading of industrial wastewater technique by pressure flotation
Authors: Yantsen Olga , Gerasimov Vladislav , Storozhev Alexey
Published: July 2020

The aim of the study is to develop a technology for the treatment of industrial wastewater by means of a pressure flotation unit. The modernized unit of pressure flotation with various feed of water-air mixture was designed and constructed on the basis of the review of scientific and technical literature. The tests with different variations in the supply of water-air mixture to the unit were carried out in order to improve the quality of treated wastewater and, as a result, to the reduction of environmental damage. We carried out a comparative analysis of each variant in terms of the quality of treated industrial waste water and we identified the most appropriate variant for various technological treatment schemes. All results of the research considered we offer the automation of this device. The purpose of automation of the pressure flotation unit was to increase the efficiency of the used equipment, to maintain the stability of the unit, to obtain information on all the processes of industrial wastewater treatment, as well as to prevent an emergency situation.
Phosphate removal from wastewater using reinforced feed material at the tertiary treatment stage
Authors: Ruzhitskaya Olga
Published: July 2020

In recent years, eutrophication processes have posed a serious threat to water bodies. As a result of excess inputs of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from drainage basins, natural water quality deteriorates, which is usually accompanied by changes in the water bodies ecosystem structure. The increased concentration of nutrients leads to the rapid development of blue-green algae, reduced dissolved oxygen, fish-kill, coastal zones overgrowth, treated water processing complication. The article provides relevant information in the field of phosphate-removing wastewater treatment. The article presents advanced chemical and physical-chemical methods of phosphate-removing wastewater treatment. The article presents the results of the research on phosphate-removing wastewater treatment methods using iron-bearing feed material. The evidence of physical-chemical nature of deep phosphate-removing purification of water is presented. Deep phosphate removal is mainly due to physical-chemical processes of phosphate coagulation with ferrous ions, the source of which is the metal in the feed material, which is subjected to processes of electrochemical corrosion. When the biofilm loading becomes overgrown, the contact of the metal surface area with water decreases and the purification effect decreases. After regeneration of the load, the efficiency of phosphate removal increased to its previous level. Using the method of deep phosphate removal from domestic wastewater, with the help of reinforced feed material, at the tertiary treatment stage the required efficiency of phosphate removal can be achieved, however, there is a high consumption of metal in the feed material.
Presentation of climate information for calculating annual energy consumption by air conditioning systems
Authors: Malyavina Elena , Van Luong Pham
Published: July 2020

In the present work, climate models were presented, which are intended for calculating energy consumption of air conditioning systems, spent on processing the outdoor air to supply it to the room as a supply air, and on the assimilation of heat from external and internal sources. Currently, the number of buildings is growing, in which the bulk of the heat surplus is made up of internal heat. Therefore, for such buildings, a climate model is needed that contains only data on the repeatability of combinations of temperature and humidity of the outside air. Such a model is a probabilistic-statistical climate model. To calculate the energy consumption of air conditioning systems in rooms with a load formed due to heat transfer through external building envelopes and the direct penetration of the heat of solar radiation, we need a model that contains not only the mentioned probabilistic characteristics, but also changes over time combinations of climate parameters. Such a model is a reference year. The article presents data on the development of a reference year for the city of Hanoi and shows that when assimilating only internal heat surpluses it is advisable to use a probabilistic-statistical model, that provides a much more accurate result.
Transportation and surface runoff treatment
Authors: Govorova Zhanna , Zaripov Roman , Popov Pavel , Govorov Vadim , Kantakov Roman
Published: July 2020

Surface water runoff are characterized by specific physicochemical composition, which depends on the area of water disposal. Surface runoff in Russia and other foreign countries characterized by high concentration of suspended solids, petroleum products, high chemical oxygen demand and etc. This article provides data about foreign and Russian compact filters. Filters are installed in the water receiving sumps of the storm sewage system. Analysis of efficiency of different filter construction has been conducted. As a result of this analysis it is determined, that its efficiency, purification capacities and resource are highly limited, while its operating costs are quite high. Stationary surface runoff treatment plants are more reliable, and allow to reach purification level, which is required to dispose surface runoff into water objects. Composition of treatment plants depends on amount of surface runoff and transportation conditions. This article provides results of visual observation of sewer collectors condition, which are used to transport surface runoff to treatment plants, and its common defects. This article also provides results of study of structure and composition of sediment, which is found inside the sewage collector. It is determined, that size of sediment particles equals to 3-4 mm and its density - 2.3 g/sm3. Main elements of the sediment are silicon and oxygen, but there are aluminum, calcium and sodium additives.