bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remain or return? Return migration intentions of Brazilian immigrants in Japan
Authors: Chitose Yoshimi
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to explore the factors associated with the return intentions of Brazilians in Japan. It examines hypotheses drawn from two economic perspectives of migration, neoclassical economics (NE) and the New Economics of Labour Migration (NELM) using survey data obtained from the Shizuoka Prefecture. The degree of sociocultural integration and immigrants’ ties to Brazil and Japan are also considered. The findings support both NE and NELM, suggesting that Brazilian immigrants in Japan are a diverse group, differing substantially in their migration motivations and family strategies. However, one‐third of immigrants are undecided about whether to stay or return. In the future, the number of intended stayers is expected to increase as schooling in Japan is one of the strongest determinants of intention to stay. Future research should focus on the transitions of immigrants’ return intentions, as the indecisiveness may exert a negative impact on immigrant children's integration.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the characteristics and outcomes of readmitted COVID‐19 survivors
Authors: Subramaniam Ashwin , Lim Zheng Jie , Ponnapa Reddy Mallikarjuna , Shekar Kiran
Published: September 2021

The objective of the present study is to investigate the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of patients who were readmitted to hospital emergency departments or required re‐hospitalisation following an index hospitalisation with a diagnosis of COVID‐19. A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE and pre‐print websites was conducted between 1 January and 31 December 2020. Studies reporting on the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 who represent or require hospital admission were included. Two authors independently performed study selection and data extraction. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus or through an independent third reviewer. Data were synthesised according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines. Six studies reporting on 547 readmitted patients were included. The overall incidence was 4.4%, most common in males (57.2%), and due to respiratory distress or prolonged COVID‐19. Readmitted patients had a shorter initial hospital length of stay (LOS) compared with those with a single hospitalisation (8.1 ± 10.6 vs 13.9 ± 10.2 days). The mean time to readmission was 7.6 ± 6.0 days; the mean LOS on re‐hospitalisation was 6.3 ± 5.6 days. Hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 2.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69–2.55; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.38–2.27; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%) and chronic renal failure (OR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.09–5.14; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%) were more common in these patients. Intensive care admission rates were similar between the two groups; 12.8% (22/172) of readmitted patients died. In summary, readmitted patients following an index hospitalisation for COVID‐19 were more commonly males with multiple comorbidities. Shorter initial hospital LOS and unresolved primary illness may have contributed to readmission.
Impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic on patients with lysosomal storage disorders and restoration of services: experience from a specialist centre
Authors: Ramaswami Uma , D'Amore Simona , Finnegan Niamh , Hughes Derralynn , Kazemi Masoud ,   Lysosomal Disorders Team, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust
Published: September 2021

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the lysosomal disorders unit (LSDU) at Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust (RFL), a highly specialised national service for diagnosis and management of adults with lysosomal storage disorders (LSD). Review of home care enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and emergency care, and COVID‐19 shielding categories as per UK government guidance. New clinical pathways were developed to manage patients safely during the pandemic; staff well‐being initiatives are described. LSDU staff were redeployed and/or had additional roles to support increased needs of hospitalised COVID‐19 patients. During the first lockdown in March 2020, 286 of 602 LSD patients were shielding; 72 of 221 had home care ERT infusions interrupted up to 12 weeks. During the pandemic, there was a 3% reduction in home care nursing support required, with patients learning to self‐cannulate or require support for cannulation only. There were no increased adverse clinical events during this period. Twenty‐one contracted COVID‐19 infection, with one hospitalised and no COVID‐19 related deaths. In 2020, virtual clinics were increased by 88% (video and/or telephone) compared to 2019. RFL well‐being initiatives supported all staff. We provide an overview of the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on staff and patients attending a highly specialised rare disease service. As far as we are aware, this is the first detailed narrative on the challenges and subsequent rapid adaptations made, both as part of a large organisation and as a specialist centre. Lessons learnt could be translated to other rare disease services and ensure readiness for any future pandemic.
Smoking‐aggravated oral candidiasis: Nrf2 pathway dampens NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Osman Marwan , Papon Nicolas
Published: September 2021

While cigarette smoke compounds are known to have immunosuppressive effects on the oral mucosa, the relationship between in vivo immune dysfunction caused by smoking and the development of oral Candida infections remains largely unexplored. In a recent issue of The Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ye and colleagues provide evidence that smoking increases oral mucosa susceptibility to Candida albicans infection via the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which in turn negatively regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome. This opens new perspective in considering Nrf2 as a relevant target for smoking‐induced C. albicans‐related oral diseases.
Appropriate care for the elderly in the ICU
Authors: Vincent Jean‐Louis , Creteur Jacques
Published: September 2021

Life expectancy is rising worldwide and increasing numbers of elderly patients are being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Because ageing is associated with changes in organ function, increased frailty, reduced activities of daily living, reduced mobility, and reduced cognition, elderly patients represent a particular subgroup of ICU patients. Ethical decisions related to the appropriateness of intensive care and/or life‐sustaining interventions, the withdrawing and withholding of life support, and terminal sedation are more frequent in these patients and will be discussed in this review. Such decisions must be tailored to the individual to take into consideration personal beliefs and wishes.
Mindful of personality trait change: Are treatment effects on personality trait change ephemeral and attributable to changes in states?
Authors: Stieger Mirjam , Allemand Mathias , Roberts Brent W. , Davis Jordan P.
Published: September 2021

Objective

Are treatment effects on personality trait change ephemeral and attributable to change in clinical states? Data of an intervention study were used to examine if change in clinical states (e.g., stress or depression) accounts for change in personality traits and to test whether both changes in traits and clinical states were independently associated with substance use.

Method

Seventy‐nine substance use patients (Mage = 25.3, SD = 2.7; 35% female) took part at a 4‐week intervention and completed a total of 15 bi‐monthly assessments across 28 weeks to measure change in traits and states during and after treatment.

Results

The results suggest that participants showed large trait and state changes over time, which happened rapidly with the majority occurring during the first four weeks. Trait and state changes were highly correlated, but not perfectly redundant. Significant variance in personality trait change remained after controlling for change in clinical states. Moreover, both trait and state change independently predicted substance use.

Conclusion

Personality trait change occurred relatively fast and was maintained until the last follow‐up assessment six months after the end of the intervention. Also, the findings point to the notion that the conceptual distinction between traits and states may not be as important as originally thought.
Fetal malnutrition is associated with impairment of endogenous melatonin synthesis in pineal via hypermethylation of promoters of protein kinase C alpha and cAMP response element‐binding
Authors: Han Tianshu , Jiang Wenbo , Wu Huanyu , Wei Wei , Lu Jiang , Lu Huimin , Xu Jiaxu , Gu Wenbo , Guo Xiaoyu , Wang Yu , Ruan Jingqi , Li Yunong , Wang Yuxin , Jiang Xitao , Zhao Shengnan , Li Ying , Sun Changhao
Published: September 2021

This study investigated whether and how fetal malnutrition would influence endogenous melatonin synthesis, and whether such effect of fetal malnutrition would transmit to the next generation. We enrolled 2466 participants and 1313 of their offspring. The urine 6‐hydroxymelatonin sulfate and serum melatonin rhythm were measured. Methylation microarray detection and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify hub methylated sites. Additionally, rat experiment was performed to elucidate mechanisms. The participants with fetal malnutrition had lower 6‐hydroxymelatonin sulfate (16.59 ± 10.12 μg/24 hours vs 24.29 ± 11.99 μg/24 hours, P < .001) and arear under curve of melatonin rhythm (67.11 ± 8.16 pg/mL vs 77.11 ± 8.04 pg/mL, P < .001). We identified 961 differentially methylated sites, in which the hub methylated sites were locating on protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA) and cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB1) promoters, mediating the association of fetal malnutrition with impaired melatonin secretion. However, such effects were not observed in the offspring (all P > .05). Impaired histomorphology of pineal, decreased melatonin in serum, pineal, and pinealocyte were also found in the in vivo and in vitro experiments (P < .05 for the differences of the indicators). Hypermethylation of 10 CpG sites on the PRKCA promoter and 8 CpG sites on the CREB1 promoter were identified (all P < .05), which down‐regulated PRKCA and CREB1 expressions, leading to decreased expression of AANAT, and then resulting in the impaired melatonin synthesis. Collectively, fetal malnutrition can impair melatonin synthesis through hypermethylation of PRKCA and CREB1 promoters, and such effects cannot be transmitted to the next generation.
Melatonin reduces proliferation and promotes apoptosis of bladder cancer cells by suppressing O‐GlcNAcylation of cyclin‐dependent‐like kinase 5
Authors: Wu Jinpeng , Tan Zengqi , Li Hongjiao , Lin Meixuan , Jiang Yazhuo , Liang Liang , Ma Qilong , Gou Junjie , Ning Lulu , Li Xiang , Guan Feng
Published: September 2021

Melatonin helps to maintain circadian rhythm, exerts anticancer activity, and plays key roles in regulation of glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. Glycosylation, a form of metabolic flux from glucose or other monosaccharides, is a common post‐translational modification. Dysregulated glycosylation, particularly O‐GlcNAcylation, is often a biomarker of cancer cells. In this study, elevated O‐GlcNAc level in bladder cancer was inhibited by melatonin treatment. Melatonin treatment inhibited proliferation and migration and enhanced apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Proteomic analysis revealed reduction in cyclin‐dependent‐like kinase 5 (CDK5) expression by melatonin. O‐GlcNAc modification determined the conformation of critical T‐loop domain on CDK5 and further influenced the CDK5 stability. The mechanism whereby melatonin suppressed O‐GlcNAc level was based on decreased glucose uptake and metabolic flux from glucose to UDP‐GlcNAc, and consequent reduction in CDK5 expression. Melatonin treatment, inhibition of O‐GlcNAcylation by OSMI‐1, or mutation of key O‐GlcNAc site strongly suppressed in vivo tumor growth. Our findings indicate that melatonin reduces proliferation and promotes apoptosis of bladder cancer cells by suppressing O‐GlcNAcylation of CDK5.
Interdental and subgingival microbiota may affect the tongue microbial ecology and oral malodour in health, gingivitis and periodontitis
Authors: Stephen Abish S. , Dhadwal Narinder , Nagala Vamshidhar , Gonzales‐Marin Cecilia , Gillam David G. , Bradshaw David J. , Burnett Gary R. , Allaker Robert P.
Published: September 2021

Background and Objective

Oral malodour is often observed in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients, and the tongue microbiota is thought to play a major role in malodorous gas production, including volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and methanethiol (CH3SH). This study aimed to examine the link between the presence of VSCs in mouth air (as a marker of oral malodour) and the oral bacterial ecology in the tongue and periodontal niches of healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis patients.

Methods

Participants were clinically assessed using plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal probing depths, and VSC concentrations in their oral cavity measured using a portable gas chromatograph. Tongue scrapings, subgingival and interdental plaque were collected from healthy individuals (n = 22), and those with gingivitis (n = 14) or chronic periodontitis (n = 15). The bacterial 16S rRNA gene region V3‐V4 in these samples was sequenced, and the sequences were analysed using the minimum entropy decomposition pipeline.

Results

Elevated VSC concentrations and CH3SH:H2S were observed in periodontitis compared with health. Significant ecological differences were observed in the tongue microbiota of healthy subjects with high plaque scores compared to low plaque scores, suggesting a possible connection between the microbiota of the tongue and the periodontium and that key dysbiotic changes may be initiated in the clinically healthy individuals who have higher dental plaque accumulation. Greater subgingival bacterial diversity was positively associated with H2S in mouth air. Periodontopathic bacteria known to be prolific VSC producers increased in abundance on the tongue associated with increased bleeding on probing (BOP) and total percentage of periodontal pockets >6 mm, supporting the suggestion that the tongue may become a reservoir for periodontopathogens.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of the periodontal microbiota in malodour and has detected dysbiotic changes in the tongue microbiota in periodontitis.
Life‐history traits of Guntea loach, Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822) in the Payra River, southern Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Newton , Roy Prosun , Nadia Zubyda Mushtari , Islam SM Majharul , Hossain Md. Yeamin
Published: September 2021

The present study provides the first wide‐ranging elucidation of life‐history traits, including length–frequency distribution (LFD), length–weight and length–length relationship (LWR and LLR), form factor (a3.0), best condition factor (allometric, KA; Fulton, KF; relative, KR; and relative weight, WR), length at first maturity (Lm), natural mortality (Mw) and optimum catchable length (Lopt) of Lepidocephalichthyes guntea from the Payra River in southern Bangladesh. A total of 470 fishes were randomly collected seasonally from February 2019 to January 2020, using several traditional fishing gears (cast nets; drag nets; lift nets; and gill nets). The total length (TL), standard length (SL) and total body weight (BW) of each individual fish were measured with a 0.01 cm and 0.01 g precision, respectively. The TL size classes of 6.00–6.99 cm and 7.00–7.99 cm TL were the numerically dominant groups among the total fish population. Exponential b values of LWR (TL vs. BW) indicate a positive allometric growth (b = 3.20) pattern in the Payra River. The b value of LLR also indicates the same growth pattern. The estimated a3.0 value was 0.007, indicating the fish has an elongated body profile. Among the four types of condition factors, KF is the best‐suited tool for evaluating the well‐being of L. guntea in the Payra River. Additionally, WR exhibited very significant divergence from 100 (p < .0001), designating an imbalanced habitat for L. guntea. The calculated Lm, Mw and Lopt values were 6.54 (~6.5 cm) in TL, 1.16/year and 7.46 cm TL for L. guntea in the Payra River, respectively. Thus, the results of the present study could be used in the future for improved management of this species in Payra River, as well as for linking ecosystems.
CRISPR/SpCas9‐mediated double knockout of barley Microrchidia MORC1 and MORC6a reveals their strong involvement in plant immunity, transcriptional gene silencing and plant growth
Authors: Galli Matteo , Martiny Engie , Imani Jafargholi , Kumar Neelendra , Koch Aline , Steinbrenner Jens , Kogel Karl‐Heinz
Published: September 2021

The Microrchidia (MORC) family proteins are important nuclear regulators in both animals and plants with critical roles in epigenetic gene silencing and genome stabilization. In the crop plant barley (Hordeum vulgare), seven MORC gene family members have been described. While barley HvMORC1 has been functionally characterized, very little information is available about other HvMORC paralogs. In this study, we elucidate the role of HvMORC6a and its potential interactors in regulating plant immunity via analysis of CRISPR/SpCas9‐mediated single and double knockout (dKO) mutants, hvmorc1 (previously generated and characterized by our group), hvmorc6a, and hvmorc1/6a. For generation of hvmorc1/6a, we utilized two different strategies: (i) successive Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation of homozygous single mutants, hvmorc1 and hvmorc6a, with the respective second construct, and (ii) simultaneous transformation with both hvmorc1 and hvmorc6a CRISPR/SpCas9 constructs. Total mutation efficiency in transformed homozygous single mutants ranged from 80 to 90%, while upon simultaneous transformation, SpCas9‐induced mutation in both HvMORC1 and HvMORC6a genes was observed in 58% of T0 plants. Subsequent infection assays showed that HvMORC6a covers a key role in resistance to biotrophic (Blumeria graminis) and necrotrophic (Fusarium graminearum) plant pathogenic fungi, where the dKO hvmorc1/6a showed the strongest resistant phenotype. Consistent with this, the dKO showed highest levels of basal PR gene expression and derepression of TEs. Finally, we demonstrate that HvMORC1 and HvMORC6a form distinct nucleocytoplasmic homo‐/heteromers with other HvMORCs and interact with components of the RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway, further substantiating that MORC proteins are involved in the regulation of TEs in barley.
A small heat shock protein, GmHSP17.9, from nodule confers symbiotic nitrogen fixation and seed yield in soybean
Authors: Yang Zhanwu , Du Hui , Xing Xinzhu , Li Wenlong , Kong Youbin , Li Xihuan , Zhang Caiying
Published: September 2021

Legume–rhizobia symbiosis enables biological nitrogen fixation to improve crop production for sustainable agriculture. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are involved in multiple environmental stresses and plant development processes. However, the role of sHSPs in nodule development in soybean remains largely unknown. In the present study, we identified a nodule‐localized sHSP, called GmHSP17.9, in soybean, which was markedly up‐regulated during nodule development. GmHSP17.9 was specifically expressed in the infected regions of the nodules. GmHSP17.9 overexpression and RNAi in transgenic composite plants and loss of function in CRISPR‐Cas9 gene‐editing mutant plants in soybean resulted in remarkable alterations in nodule number, nodule fresh weight, nitrogenase activity, contents of poly β‐hydroxybutyrate bodies (PHBs), ureide and total nitrogen content, which caused significant changes in plant growth and seed yield. GmHSP17.9 was also found to act as a chaperone for its interacting partner, GmNOD100, a sucrose synthase in soybean nodules which was also preferentially expressed in the infected zone of nodules, similar to GmHSP17.9. Functional analysis of GmNOD100 in composite transgenic plants revealed that GmNOD100 played an essential role in soybean nodulation. The hsp17.9 lines showed markedly more reduced sucrose synthase activity, lower contents of UDP‐glucose and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl‐CoA), and decreased activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in nodules due to the missing interaction with GmNOD100. Our findings reveal an important role and an unprecedented molecular mechanism of sHSPs in nodule development and nitrogen fixation in soybean.
The Importance of Risk Management: What is Missing in ISO Standards?
Authors: Björnsdóttir Svana Helen , Jensson Páll , de Boer Robert J. , Thorsteinsson Saemundur E.
Published: September 2021

The overall aim of this article is to contribute to the further development of the area of risk analysis and risk management in the International Organization for for Standardization (ISO) standards by strengthening its scientific basis. Industrial standards, especially ISO standards, are the tools organizations use to manage their risk, through following their guidance and complying with their requirements. Organizations confirm their compliance with these standards through certification, which means that they heavily depend upon the quality of the ISO standards to enable them to effectively manage their risk. The purpose of this study is to investigate what guidance is given on key elements of risk management and how well ISO standards are aligned with state‐of‐the‐art risk management literature. Eighteen ISO standards, all addressing risk management, were reviewed in this study with regard to risk terminology and guidance. The results of the study confirm the increasing importance of risk management for business. However, the study also shows a lack of guidance on doing risk analysis in the industrial standards examined. The ISO management system standards and guidelines are not aligned with the scientific literature on risk and are not appropriate for the management of risk arising from complex interactions and emergent behavior that is inherent in present‐day sociotechnical systems.
Korean Specificational Pseudoclefts as Caseless Focus Nominal Extraction*
Authors: Park Dongwoo
Published: September 2021

Korean specificational pseudoclefts exhibit a paradox. On the one hand, anaphor binding facts indicate that the pivot (or an element co‐indexed with it) must originate in a position located within the presupposition CP. Nonetheless, specificational pseudoclefts appear to be island‐insensitive. To resolve this paradox, I propose an extraction analysis whereby only caseless focus nominals base‐generated in the complement position of verbs or in the left‐periphery of the presupposition CP may function as pivots, and reach their surface position. This proposal has several implications. First, caseless nominals are structurally reduced, when compared to case‐marked nominals containing a case projection. Second, caseless nominals base‐generated in the left‐periphery of CPs can be foci conveying contrastive (exhaustive) new information. Third, anaphor connectivity effects are tied to syntactic movement of focus phrases and reconstruction. Lastly, specificational pseudoclefts and copular constructions do not have the same underlying structure.
Comparison of serum versus EDTA plasma in canine major crossmatch reactions
Authors: Caudill Megan N. , Meichner Kristina , Koenig Amie , Berghaus Roy D. , Garner Bridget
Published: September 2021

Background

Protocols for crossmatch reactions vary in veterinary medicine, particularly regarding the use of recipient serum vs plasma. Sources suggest that major crossmatch results might differ when recipient plasma is used instead of serum, but there are conflicting reports as to the exact effects on the results.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and degree of discrepancy, if any, between canine major crossmatch reactions using serum versus EDTA plasma, performed via a standard tube method.

Methods

One hundred duplicate canine major crossmatch reactions were performed with both serum and EDTA plasma from 100 different “recipient” dogs against erythrocytes from a single, healthy “donor.” Decreasing concentrations of a rabbit anti‐dog erythrocyte antibody were added to generate strong positive, weak positive, and negative results for each crossmatch reaction. Crossmatch results were followed through the following phases: immediate spin, cold, warm, albumin, and Coombs. Semi‐quantitative results were compared between reactions using serum vs EDTA plasma.

Results

Weak positive, major crossmatch reactions were significantly more likely to demonstrate stronger agglutination in EDTA plasma compared with serum in the immediate spin phase, cold phase, warm phase, and albumin phase (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between serum and EDTA plasma results in the Coombs’ phase (P = 0.313).

Conclusions

In this experimental setting, EDTA plasma and serum were both deemed acceptable for use in canine major crossmatch reactions. EDTA plasma might be preferable to detect weak agglutination with more sensitivity and reduce recipient blood volumes needed to complete the crossmatch reaction.
Topical bevacizumab for the treatment of corneal vascularization in dogs: A case series
Authors: Muellerleile Lisa‐Marie , Bernkopf Michael , Wambacher Michael , Nell Barbara
Published: September 2021

Objective

To evaluate the effect and safety of topical anti‐human vascular endothelial growth factor bevacizumab in dogs with persistent corneal vascularization.

Animals studied

Prospective case series of 15 adult dogs (20 eyes).

Procedures

Dogs received 0.25% bevacizumab eye drops BID for 28 days. Follow‐ups were scheduled 28 days and 6–7 months after treatment start. Macroscopic findings were scored for conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis, ocular discharge, corneal edema, vascularization, and pigmentation. Vascularized area was assessed by analyzing photographs using an imaging software.

Results

The treatment response was variable. Some cases showed a marked reduction in vascularized area and edema, while other eyes had subtle signs of improvement. Vascularization score decreased from 1.5 to 1.1 and vascularized area was reduced by 48.8% after 28 days. A thinning of vessels, consolidation of areal bleedings into fine vascular networks, decrease in distal vessel branching, and a change from blurry vascularized beds into demarcated thin vessels were observed. One dog developed a SCCED 6 months after the last bevacizumab administration. Two dogs died 4 and 4.5 months after the last bevacizumab administration, aged 16 and 12 years, respectively. In all events, a causal relationship is unlikely but cannot be ruled out with certainty.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that topical 0.25% bevacizumab may be an effective treatment option for corneal vascularization in dogs. Further long‐term placebo‐controlled studies with larger patient cohorts are recommended to provide scientific evidence of efficacy and to investigate dosage, safety, possible use as a single treatment, and routes of administration.
An mHealth-Facilitated Personalized Intervention for Physical Activity and Sleep in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Li Junxin , Szanton Sarah L. , McPhillips Miranda V. , Lukkahatai Nada , Pien Grace W. , Chen KerCheng , Hladek Melissa D. , Hodgson Nancy , Gooneratne Nalaka S.
Published: September 2021

This randomized controlled pilot trial tested the preliminary effect of a 24-week mHealth-facilitated, personalized intervention on physical activity (PA) and sleep in 21 community-dwelling older adults. The intervention included a personalized exercise prescription, training, goal setting, and financial incentives. mHealth strategies, including self-monitoring, motivational messages, activity reminders, and phone coaching, were used to facilitate PA participation. PA and sleep were measured using actigraphy and questionnaires at baseline and 8-, 16-, and 24-week visits. Participants in the intervention group had lower objective PA levels at 24 weeks than at 8 and 16 weeks, although levels of PA remained higher than at baseline. Compared with the control group, the intervention increased PA at 8, 16, and 24 weeks; improved subjective sleep quality at 16 and 24 weeks; and increased actigraphy-measured sleep duration and sleep efficiency at 24 weeks. mHealth PA interventions may benefit PA and sleep in older adults. Strategies for maintaining long-term PA behavioral changes are needed.
Alcohol Consumption Literacy, Alcohol Confrontation Efficacy, and the Educational and Training Needs of Coaches to Manage Student-Athlete Alcohol Misuse
Authors: Chow Graig M. , Bird Matthew D. , Soendergaard Stinne , Gilson Todd A.
Published: September 2021

The rate of alcohol consumption among student-athletes places them at risk for engaging in unsafe behaviors. Although coaches play a key role in regulating alcohol use among athletes, many lack the knowledge and self-confidence to be effective. This study aimed to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption literacy and alcohol confrontation efficacy among National Collegiate Athletic Association head coaches and attempted to identify types of training and education wanted to better manage student-athlete alcohol use. A total of 518 National Collegiate Athletic Association head coaches completed alcohol consumption literacy and alcohol confrontation efficacy measures and two open-ended questions about what kind of alcohol training, information, and skills were needed. When accounting for previous education/training and gender of team coached, alcohol consumption literacy predicted all confrontation efficacy subscales. Content analysis showed coaches wanted training related to alcohol literacy, effective communication, and prevention planning. Findings have implications for designing alcohol prevention and intervention programs aimed at National Collegiate Athletic Association coaches.
The Attention Economy and Esports: An Econometric Analysis of Twitch Viewership
Authors: Watanabe Nicholas M. , Xue Hanhan , Newman Joshua I. , Yan Grace
Published: September 2021

With the expansion of the esports industry, there is a growing body of literature examining the motivations and behaviors of consumers and participants. The current study advances this line of research by considering esports consumption through an economic framework, which has been underutilized in this context. Specifically, the “attention economy” is introduced as a theoretical approach—which operates with the understanding that due to increased connectivity and availability of information, it is the attention of consumers that becomes a scarce resource for which organizations must compete. Using data from the Twitch streaming platform, the results of econometric analysis further highlight the importance of structural factors in drawing attention from online viewers. As such, this research advances the theoretical and empirical understanding of online viewership behaviors, while also providing important ramifications for both esports and traditional sport organizations attempting to capture the attention of users in the digital realm.
Rare complication of ceftriaxone therapy: drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DITP)
Authors: Sharma Aishwarya , Mannuru Devendranath , Matta Abhishek , Kaushal Amit
Published: September 2021

A 62-year-old woman with a history of end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis, essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed with sepsis and placed on 600 mg oral linezolid every 12 hours and 1 g intravenous ceftriaxone every 24 hours. Blood cultures grewStreptococcus dysgalactiae, and she was switched to intravenous ceftriaxone 2 g daily. Platelet counts slowly trended down after starting ceftriaxone reaching 5 K/μL on day 12 of treatment. Ceftriaxone was discontinued and heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia was ruled out. She was switched to vancomycin and her platelet count improved. Given the temporal relationship between changing platelet counts and starting and discontinuing ceftriaxone, a diagnosis of drug-induced thrombocytopaenia was made.
Associations of systemic health and medication use with the enlargement rate of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Shen Liangbo L , Xie Yangyiran , Sun Mengyuan , Ahluwalia Aneesha , Park Michael M , Young Benjamin K , Del Priore Lucian V
Published: September 2021

Background

The associations of geographic atrophy (GA) progression with systemic health status and medication use are unclear.

Methods

We manually delineated GA in 318 eyes in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. We calculated GA perimeter-adjusted growth rate as the ratio between GA area growth rate and mean GA perimeter between the first and last visit for each eye (mean follow-up=5.3 years). Patients’ history of systemic health and medications was collected through questionnaires administered at study enrolment. We evaluated the associations between GA perimeter-adjusted growth rate and 27 systemic health factors using univariable and multivariable linear mixed-effects regression models.

Results

In the univariable model, GA perimeter-adjusted growth rate was associated with GA in the fellow eye at any visit (p=0.002), hypertension history (p=0.03), cholesterol-lowering medication use (p<0.001), beta-blocker use (p=0.02), diuretic use (p<0.001) and thyroid hormone use (p=0.03). Among the six factors, GA in the fellow eye at any visit (p=0.008), cholesterol-lowering medication use (p=0.002), and diuretic use (p<0.001) were independently associated with higher GA perimeter-adjusted growth rate in the multivariable model. GA perimeter-adjusted growth rate was 51.1% higher in patients with versus without cholesterol-lowering medication use history and was 37.8% higher in patients with versus without diuretic use history.

Conclusions

GA growth rate may be associated with the fellow eye status, cholesterol-lowering medication use, and diuretic use. These possible associations do not infer causal relationships, and future prospective studies are required to investigate the relationships further.
Criteria for recommendations after perioperative sentinel events
Authors: Bos Kelly , Dongelmans Dave A , Groeneweg Jop , Legemate Dink A , Leistikow Ian P , van der Laan Maarten J
Published: September 2021

Background

The recurrence of sentinel events (SEs) is a persistent problem worldwide, despite repeated analyses and recommendations formulated to prevent recurrence. Research suggests this is partly attributable to the quality of the recommendations, and determining if a recommendation will be effective is not yet covered by an adequate guideline. Our objectives were to (1) develop and validate criteria for high-quality recommendations, and (2) evaluate recommendations using the criteria developed.

Methods

(1) Criteria were developed by experts using the bowtie method. Medical doctors then determined if the recommendations of Dutch in-hospital SE analysis reports met the criteria, after which interobserver variability was tested. (2) Researchers determined which recommendations of Dutch perioperative SE analysis reports produced from 2017 to 2018 met the criteria.

Results

The criteria were: (1) a recommendation needs to be well defined and clear, (2) it needs to specifically describe the intended changes, and (3) it needs to describe how it will reduce the risk or limit the consequences of a similar SE. Validation of criteria showed substantial interobserver agreement. The SE analysis reports (n=115) contained 442 recommendations, of which 64% failed to meet all criteria, and 28% of reports did not contain a single recommendation that met the criteria.

Conclusion

We developed and validated criteria for high-quality recommendations. The majority of recommendations did not meet our criteria. It was disconcerting to find that over a quarter of the investigations did not produce a single recommendation that met the criteria, not even in SEs with a fatal outcome. Healthcare providers have an obligation to prevent SEs, and certainly their recurrence. We anticipate that using these criteria to determine the potential of recommendations will aid in this endeavour.
STAT3-mediated upregulation of the AIM2 DNA sensor links innate immunity with cell migration to promote epithelial tumourigenesis
Authors: Dawson Ruby E , Deswaerte Virginie , West Alison C , Tang Ke , West Alice J , Balic Jesse J , Gearing Linden J , Saad Mohamed I , Yu Liang , Wu Yonghui , Bhathal Prithi S , Kumar Beena , Chakrabarti Jayati T , Zavros Yana , Oshima Hiroko , Klinman Dennis M , Oshima Masanobu , Tan Patrick , Jenkins Brendan J
Published: September 2021

Objective

The absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) cytosolic pattern recognition receptor and DNA sensor promotes the pathogenesis of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases via caspase-1-containing inflammasome complexes. However, the role of AIM2 in cancer is ill-defined.

Design

The expression of AIM2 and its clinical significance was assessed in human gastric cancer (GC) patient cohorts. Genetic or therapeutic manipulation of AIM2 expression and activity was performed in the genetically engineered gp130F/F spontaneous GC mouse model, as well as human GC cell line xenografts. The biological role and mechanism of action of AIM2 in gastric tumourigenesis, including its involvement in inflammasome activity and functional interaction with microtubule-associated end-binding protein 1 (EB1), was determined in vitro and in vivo.

Results

AIM2 expression is upregulated by interleukin-11 cytokine-mediated activation of the oncogenic latent transcription factor STAT3 in the tumour epithelium of GC mouse models and patients with GC. Genetic and therapeutic targeting of AIM2 in gp130F/F mice suppressed tumourigenesis. Conversely, AIM2 overexpression augmented the tumour load of human GC cell line xenografts. The protumourigenic function of AIM2 was independent of inflammasome activity and inflammation. Rather, in vivo and in vitro AIM2 physically interacted with EB1 to promote epithelial cell migration and tumourigenesis. Furthermore, upregulated expression of AIM2 and EB1 in the tumour epithelium of patients with GC was independently associated with poor patient survival.

Conclusion

AIM2 can play a driver role in epithelial carcinogenesis by linking cytokine-STAT3 signalling, innate immunity and epithelial cell migration, independent of inflammasome activation.
Realize Emergent Gravity to Generic Situations
Authors: An Yang , Cheng Peng
Published: September 2021

We clarify the problem in which occasions can gravitational force be regarded emergent from thermodynamics, by proposing an entropic mechanism that can extract the entropic gradient existing in spacetime, due to the variation of the Casini–Bekenstein bound in specific quasi-static processes with the heat flux$$\delta Q$$δQinto the whole casual wedge. We explicitly formulate the derivation of inertial force as the emergent gravitational attraction from the Entanglement First Law. We find the saturation of the bound along with the vanishing relative entropy corresponds to the variation of minimal surface. To covariant meaning, it is the Bousso bound. Besides, this understanding is connected to recent Pennington’s work on Black Hole Information Paradox, suggesting a Page-Curve function origins from removing attraction by the external heat bath. Our theory from entanglement now overcomes several criticism towards Verlinde’s original entropic force proposal, and is able to co-exist with Susskind’s Complexity Tendency. This entropic mechanism reproduces the Newton’s Second Law in Rindler space and the gravitational force (together with derivation of the Einstein equation) beyond the near-horizon region, and can be adapted into AdS/CFT and other generic situations.
Electroweak monopoles with a non-linearly realized weak hypercharge
Authors: De Fabritiis P. , Helayël-Neto J. A.
Published: September 2021

We present a finite-energy electroweak-monopole solution obtained by considering non-linear extensions of the hypercharge sector of the Electroweak Theory, based on logarithmic and exponential versions of electrodynamics. We find constraints for a class of non-linear extensions and also work out an estimate for the monopole mass in this scenario. We finally derive a lower bound for the energy of the monopole and discuss the simpler case of a Dirac magnetic charge.
Authenticated quantum dialogue protocol based on four-particle entangled states
Authors: Feng Zhou-Jing , Tang Liang , Xiang Yi , Mo Zhi-Wen , Bai Ming-Qiang
Published: September 2021

Many protocols of quantum dialogue are based on the assumption that the user is legitimate. In fact, the assumption is ideal. Therefore, it is necessary to identify whether the user is legitimate or not. In this paper, by adding identity authentication, a quantum dialogue protocol is proposed based on four-particle entangled states. For preparing the entangled state, we first give the description of the preparation process and draw the diagram of the prepared quantum circuit. Next, the nonlocal correlation properties of the entangled state are investigated. By associating identity authentication with channel security detection, the consumption of quantum resources is reduced to a certain extent. Furthermore, a random number r and a one-way hash function are added to increase the security of the protocol. In the end, compared with other protocols, our protocol has an improvement in efficiency.
Exploring sQGP and small systems
Authors: Das Debasish
Published: September 2021

A strongly coupled Quark–Gluon Plasma (sQGP) is created in the high-energy heavy-ion collisions at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Our present understanding of sQGP as a very good liquid with astonishingly low viscosity is reviewed. With the arrival of the interesting results from LHC in high-energy [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], a new endeavor to characterize the transition from these small systems to heavy ions [Formula: see text] is now in place, since even the small systems showed prominent similarities to heavy ions in the rising multiplicity domains. An outlook of future possibilities for better measurements is also made at the end of this brief review.
Electromagnetic properties of neutrinos from scattering on bound electrons in atom
Authors: Jeong Junu , Kim Jihn E. , Youn Sungwoo
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we consider the effects of bound atomic electrons scattered by solar neutrinos due to the electromagnetic properties of neutrinos. This necessitates considering the recoil of atomic nucleus, which should be considered in the momentum conservation, but the effect to the energy conservation is negligible. This effect changes the kinematic behavior of the scattered electron compared to that scattered on free electrons. We apply this effect to the recent XENON1T data, but the bounds obtained from this are not very restrictive. We obtained the bounds: the (transition) magnetic moment [Formula: see text] (times the electron Bohr magneton) and the charge radius [Formula: see text] cm. For a nonvanishing millicharge [Formula: see text], the allowed bound is shown in the [Formula: see text] plane.
Theoretical approach to explore structural, electronic, magnetic, elastic and thermal characteristics of Heusler alloys CoYTiZ (Z = Al, Ga, Si, Ge)
Authors: Shakil M. , Tufail Seemab Fatima , Khan Muhammad Isa , Aziz Saba , Gillani S. S. A. , Zafar M. , Iqbal Tahir
Published: September 2021

In this study, structural, electronic, magnetic, elastic and thermal properties of Co-based Quaternary Heusler alloys (QHAs) CoYTiZ ([Formula: see text], Ga, Si, Ge) have been investigated by Wien2k code. The calculations have been performed using full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) method has been adopted. Structural properties have been explored for three different Wyckoff positions. From the geometry optimization calculations, it is concluded that all these alloys are stable in Type-III crystal structure. Moreover, magnetic phase optimization revealed ferro-magnetic (FM) phase as stable one. Results of electronic properties have shown metallic character for CoYTiAl, CoYTiGa, CoYTiGe while nearly half metal (HM) character for CoYTiSi. Magnetic moment obeys Slater Pauling rule (SP) for these alloys. To check out the mechanical stability, elastic properties have been investigated. Elastic parameters have shown the ductile nature of these alloys. The values for melting temperature ([Formula: see text] have confirmed the thermal stability of the studied alloys.
A novel centrality measure for identifying influential nodes based on minimum weighted degree decomposition
Authors: Lu Pengli , Zhang Zhiru , Guo Yuhong , Chen Yahong
Published: September 2021

It has theoretical interest and practical significance to find out influential nodes which make the information spread faster and more extensive in complex networks. A variety of centrality measures have been proposed to identify influential nodes, while numerous of them are one-sided and may lead to inaccurate for identification. To overcome this issue, based on the defined minimum weighted degree decomposition, we propose a novel centrality method for identifying influential nodes by combining the local and global information. First, considering the local topological attribute of node and spread characteristic of neighbor nodes, the local influentiality is defined as the node’s influence in the local range. Then, a weighted neighborhood coreness centrality is presented as the node’s global influence capability by taking into account the potential impact of edges on information dissemination among nodes and position characteristic of node. Finally, taking the combinatorial centrality of local and global range as the final influence of node is more comprehensive and universally applicable. We use Susceptible–Infected–Recovered (SIR) model, monotonicity, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient and imprecision function to estimate the performance of our method. Comparison experiments conducted on 14 real-world networks indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
FRACTIONAL ORDER MODEL FOR THE CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) IN WUHAN, CHINA
Authors: AHMAD SAHIBZADA WASEEM , SARWAR MUHAMMAD , RAHMAT GUL , SHAH KAMAL , AHMAD HIJAZ , MOUSA ABD ALLAH A.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the mathematical modeling of five different classes for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is considered using the fractional arbitrary order derivative in Atangana–Baleanu sense. We use nonlinear analysis for the existence theory of the solution for the suggested model. Additionally, the modified Adam–Bashforth method is used for the numerical approximation of the assumed model. Finally, we simulate the results for 100 days with the help of data from the literature to display the excellency of the suggested model.
THEORETICAL STUDY OF MHD MAXWELL FLUID WITH COMBINED EFFECT OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER VIA LOCAL AND NONLOCAL TIME DERIVATIVES
Authors: RIAZ MUHAMMAD BILAL , JARAD FAHD , BALEANU DUMITRU , ASGIR MARYAM
Published: September 2021

This study highlights the combined effect of heat and mass transfer on MHD Maxwell fluid under time-dependent generalized boundary conditions for velocity, temperature, and concentration. The classical calculus due to the fact that it is assumed as the instant rate of change of the output when the input level changes. Therefore, it is not able to include the previous state of the system called the memory effect. But in the fractional calculus (FC), the rate of change is affected by all points of the considered interval, so it can incorporate the previous history/memory effects of any system. Due to this reason, we applied the modern definition of fractional derivatives (local and nonlocals kernels). Here, the order of fractional derivative will be treated as an index of memory. The exact and semi-analytical solutions are obtained using the integral transform and inversion algorithm. Several important properties of different parameters are analyzed by graphs. Interesting results are revealed by this investigation due to their vast applications in engineering and applied sciences.