bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of light activation of photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy of periodontitis using different wavelengths
Authors: Spevak E.M. , Hristoforando D.J. , Ivanjuta S.O. , Spevak R.S.
Published: May 2023

Dentists are always in quest of new methods for the treatment of periodontal diseases, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered one of the most effective methods. A significant improvement in the clinical pic-ture was obtained in all patients throughout the control period of observation of the patients as a result of the treatment with the use of PDT. According to the data from research study it can be said that photodynamic therapy is an effective and gentle method of antibacterial treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases, which can be effectively used to prevent exacerbations of chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases, to achieve a long-term positive effect and to refuse, in some cases, from surgical methods of treatment. There is a signifi-cant increase in the duration of remission of the disease, improvement of microcirculatory blood circulation in per-iodontal tissues and a small microbial contamination of periodontal pockets of patients treated with photodynam-ic therapy in the long term compared with groups of patients treated with only antiseptic and antibacterial drugs.
TRABALHO DOCENTE NO PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE INCLUSÃO DE JOVENS (PROJOVEM URBANO)
Authors: Gaspar Leandro
Published: May 2023

A criação da Política Nacional da Juventude (PNJ) consolidou a democratização do acesso ao ensino fundamental, resgatando o debate acerca da formação de educadores de jovens e adultos no Brasil. Em 2005, o governo federal instituiu o programa de formação inicial e continuada para adaptar os docentes à proposta pedagógica do Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens (Projovem Urbano). De fato, existia uma lacuna a ser preenchida, dada a necessidade de modificar o perfil alfabetizador perpetuado historicamente na EJA. Nessa direção, o artigo investigou os novos sentidos do trabalho docente, especificamente, a formação inicial e continuada. Para isso, recorremos ao materialismo histórico dialético, de modo a revelar os fios invisíveis entre o direito à educação e o dever de educar do Estado. O resultado da pesquisa qualitativa realizada através de levantamento bibliográfico e análise documental aponta para realidades distintas, reafirmando a precarização do trabalho docente frente às exigências do “educador polivalente”; de formação aligeirada; de critérios político-eleitoreiros para escolha de docentes etc. Notadamente, as formas de apropriação do programa pela “pequena política” reforçaram o distanciamento entre a teoria e a prática, ou seja, os objetivos do programa e a necessidade social dos trabalhadores docentes, refletindo na qualidade social da educação dos jovens e adultos trabalhadores.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A PRECARIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO DOCENTE NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Oliveira Walas Leonardo de , Ribeiro Luís Antônio
Published: May 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é proporcionar uma visão panorâmica sobre o trabalho docente, mais especificamente sobre o processo de precarização ao qual estão submetidos os professores e professoras da América Latina e, em particular, do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo baseado em revisão bibliográfica de artigos e livros publicados nas últimas duas décadas, principalmente por autores latino-americanos. O texto aponta para o fato de que os sistemas de ensino, as escolas e o trabalho docente na região passaram por uma reestruturação, fruto das reformas educacionais implantadas a partir da década de 90, de caráter neoliberal. Tal reestruturação, sem considerar a necessidade das devidas adequações, principalmente aumento na remuneração dos professores e melhores condições de trabalho, tem significado intensificação do trabalho docente e maior responsabilização dos professores, o que leva à precarização do trabalho. Por fim, o artigo defende que as universidades e escolas da região continuem servindo como espaços de resistência contra novas formas de colonialismo e avanço de políticas (ultra) neoliberais.
LUTA DE MULHERES!
Authors: Bernabé Ester Gomes
Published: May 2023

A presente pesquisa é proposta na Linha II: Processos Formativos em Educação Tecnológica do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Tecnológica (PPGET) do Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), cujos estudos focalizam temas relacionados ao trabalho-educação no contexto socioeconômico e político-cultural, destacando os processos históricos e culturais, as relações entre as mudanças societárias, a diversidade, a educação profissional formal e não formal e o mundo do trabalho. Considera-se aqui o conceito amplo de Educação Tecnológica, apresentado por Manacorda (2007) e Oliveira (2000) como sinônimo de politecnia. O Esporte é então apresentado como um instrumento pedagógico em si, com caráter formador e educativo que contribui, para além do ensino da técnica e dos aspectos motores, como uma forma de educar o sujeito social na e pela atividade física (BENTO, GARCIA E GRAÇA 1999). Por sua vez, os/as instrutores/as esportivos/as são considerados/as como uma classe profissional de educadores dessa área. A partir da assertiva de Hirata (2002) de que as pesquisas não podem ser gender-blinded (blindadas ao gênero), mulheres instrutoras de jiu-jitsu foram escolhidas como sujeitos desta investigação. Objetivou-se compreender como se dá a divisão sexual do trabalho entre os/as instrutores/as de jiu-jitsu, um esporte marcadamente "masculino". Para tanto, foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa utilizando-se de revisão da bibliografia e instrumentos de levantamento de dados empíricos garimpados em entrevistas em profundidade com instrutoras de jiu-jitsu, que atuam academias esportivas na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Estado de Minas Gerais. As bases teórico-conceituais para a análise destes dados são fundamentadas nas teorias da Divisão sexual do trabalho e das Relações sociais de sexo/gênero, oriundas da Sociologia do trabalho francesa de base marxista (KÉRGOAT, 1994; HIRATA, 2002, entre outros). Por meio das metodologias relatadas busca-se responder a seguinte questão: Como se dá a divisão sexual do trabalho entre os/as instrutores/as de jiu-jitsu, um esporte marcadamente "masculino"? Os resultados deste estudo apontam que as assimetrias nas relações sociais de sexo/gênero, principalmente no esporte estudado, criam um ambiente hostil para as mulheres. Fatores como a associação da prática da modalidade com características como força, violência e masculinidade, a perspectiva que esportes de combate “masculiniza” a mulher, dentre outros fatores, contrapõem o estereótipo vigente de feminilidade, compondo um cenário em que a mulher é vista como fora de lugar.
Parâmetros produtivos e comportamentais de cabritos alimentados com enzimas exógenas na dieta
Authors: Freitas Ana Beatriz  Inácio de , Vilaça Lucas Eduardo Gonçalves , Siqueira Marco Túlio  Santos , Oliveira Karla Alves , Oliveira Marcela Rodrigues de , Macedo Júnior Gilberto de Lima , Santana Afranio Giroldo de
Published: May 2023

O uso de enzimas exógenas é uma biotecnologia utilizada para otimizar a produção de ruminantes, através da melhora da digestibilidade e degradabilidade ruminal da fibra, do amido e da proteína presentes nos mais diversos alimentos. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de enzimas exógenas fornecidas como aditivo em ração para caprinos sobre os parâmetros produtivos e comportamentais. Foram utilizados 21 cabritos mestiços ½ Anglo Nubiano x ½ Saanen, com idade média de 2 meses, pesando em média 16,77 kg. Estes animais foram alojados em baias coletivas, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos: Controle (sem nenhuma adição de enzima); Amaize® (enzima amilolítica); Allzyme® (mix de enzimas) e Fibrozyme® (enzima fibrolíticas). Foram avaliados o consumo de matéria seca (CMS), desempenho e comportamento ingestivo. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas ao tempo. As médias dos tratamentos foram avaliadas pelo teste SNK ao nível de significância de 5% e os períodos por análise de regressão dos efeitos lineares e quadráticos à 5% de significância. A variável escore de condição corporal (ECC) foi avaliada por estatística não paramétrica. Os animais apresentaram aumento exponencial do CMS ao longo do período. Houve efeito linear negativo no período para as variáveis ingestão (ING) e mastigação (MAST).  Houve efeito linear positivo no período para a variável OCIO. Não houve diferença entre tratamentos para ganho médio diário (GMD) e ganho de peso total (GPT). As variáveis altura de anterior (AA), comprimento corporal (CC), circunferência de barril (CB), circunferência torácica (CT) e peso corporal (PC) apresentaram efeito quadrático ao longo do período de avaliação. Altura de posterior (AP) apresentou efeito linear positivo para período. ECC apresentou diferença estatística entre os períodos sendo d45, d60, d75 e d90 estatisticamente semelhantes a d30 e superiores aos períodos d0 e d15. Houve interação entre tratamentos e período de avaliação para largura de peito (LP), com o tratamento Controle apresentando resposta linear positiva e os tratamentos Amaize®, Allzyme® e Fibrozyme® apresentando resposta quadrática. A utilização de enzimas exógenas não afeta os parâmetros produtivos e comportamentais de caprinos em desenvolvimento.
Pengaruh Gel Ekstrak Daun Salam terhadap Angiogenesis pada Proses Penyembuhan Ulser Traumatik Oral
Authors: Kusuma Ira A. , Istiadi Hermawan , Firawan Kurnia N. P. , Aulia Shofi
Published: May 2023

Currently, the healing process of traumatic oral ulcers is assisted by chemical drugs that aim to stimulate the wound healing process; one of which is angiogenesis. However, long-term use can cause side effects. Therfore, alternative materials with minimal side effects are needed inter alia bay leaf. This study aimed to determine the effect of bay leaf gel extract on increasing angiogenesis in the healing process of traumatic oral ulcers. Samples were Wistar rats according to the inclusion criteria, divided into three groups, namely K group, the control group (treated with carbomer gel);  P1, treated with 5% bay leaf extract gel; and P1, treated with 10% bay leaf extract gel. Data were analyzed with the Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test, the Levene's test for homogeneity, and were continued with the parametric One-Way Anova and Post Hoc Least Significant Difference tests. The results indicated that there was an effect of bay leaf gel extract on increasing angiogenesis process in the healing process of traumatic ulcers. Treatment with 10% bay leaf extract gel (P2 group) had a significant effect (p<0.05) in increasing angiogenesis compared to the K group and the P1 group. In conclusion, bay leaf extract gel has an effect on increasing angiogenesis in the healing process of traumatic ulcers.
Keywords: traumatic ulcer; bay leaf extract gel; angiogenesis
 
Abstrak: Saat ini, proses penyembuhan ulser traumatik dibantu dengan pemberian obat-obatan kimia yang bertujuan untuk merangsang proses penyembuhan luka, salah satunya angiogenesis. Namun penggunaan dalam jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan efek samping. Untuk itu diperlukan bahan alternatif dengan efek samping minimal antara lain daun salam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak gel daun salam terhadap peningkatan angiogenesis pada proses penyembuhan ulser traumatik. Sampel penelitian ialah tikus wistar sesuai kriteria inklusi dan dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok K, kelompok kontrol (perlakuan dengan gel carbomer); P1, kelompok perlakuan dengan gel ekstrak daun salam 5%; dan P2,  dengan perlakuan gel ekstrak daun salam 10% . Analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnov, uji homogenitas Levene, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji parametrik One-Way Anova dan Post Hoc Least Significant Difference. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak gel daun salam terhadap peningkatan proses angiogenesis pada proses penyembuhan ulser traumatik. Gel ekstrak daun salam 10% memiliki pengaruh yang bermakna (p<0,05) dalam peningkatan angiogenesis dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (K) dan perlakuan gel ekstrak daun salam 5%. (P1) Simpulan penelitian ini ialah gel ekstrak daun salam berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan angiogenesis dalam proses penyembuhan ulser traumatik.
Kata kunci: ulser traumatik; gel ekstrak daun salam; angiogenesis
أثر استراتيجية الاستقصاء في تدريس التخطيط والألوان
Authors: ليلى شويل حسين
Published: May 2023

تعد العملية التعليمية نشاطا تو اصليا تهدف الى اثارة دافعية المتعلم وتسهيل التعلم» اذتتضمن مجموعة من النشاطات والقرارات التي يتخذها) المدرس - المتعلم (في الموقفالتعليمي من خلال الاهتمام بطرائق التدريس وتقنياتها وتنظيم اشكال التعلم في الموقفالتعليمي الذي يتفاعل من خلاله المتعلمون لغرض تحقيق اهداف تعليمية محددة. بالتأكيد يتمذلك من خلال تصميم مقصود للبيئة التعليمية وهندستها) تنظيم الخبرات التعليمية (بطريقةمعينة بحيث تؤدي الى تحقيق تعليم مقصود لدى المتعلمين وباشراف التدريسي. لذلك لابد من توفير الشروط المادية والنفسية التي تساعد المتعلم على التفاعل النشطمع مكونات البيئة التعليمية المصممة للموقف التعليمي من اجل اكسابه الخبرات التعليميةوالمعلومات المعرفية والمهارت الفنية والاتجاهات والقيم التي يحتاجها بما يتناسب مع قدراتهواستعداداته بطرائق تعليمية واساليب تسهم في مدركاته الحسية للمعلومات التي يكتسبها فيالموقف التعليمي ومن ثم تساعده على كيفية معالجة هذه المعلومات وعملية استرجاعهاوتوظيفها في المواقف التعليمية الجديدة. بناء على ما نقدم ارتأت) الباحثة (التأسيس لمشكلة بحثها من خلال توظيف)استراتيجية الاستقصاء (في بيئة تعليمية لتنظيم المعلومات وطرائق اكتسابها من قبل المتعلموتخزينها في ذاكرته واساليب استرجاعها على وفق متطلبات الموقف التعليمي من خلالقدراته واستعداداته لتقبل الخبرات التعليمية) المعرفية والمهارية (المتعلقة بالرسم وبياناثرها في اكتساب المهارات الفنية وتعزيز دوره الايجابي في الكيفية التي يوظفها في انجازعمله الفني كالمنظور والطبيعة الصامتة والانشاء التصويري والمشروع الفني .....و غيرها.هدف البحث الحالي هو الكشف عن) استراتيجية الاستقصاء واثرها في تدريس الفنون(لذلك وضعت الباحثة هدفين فرعيين لتحقيقه تمثلا
تأثير منهج تدريبي بأسلوب نقص الأوكسجين بإستعمال قناع )الهايبوكسك( لتطوير بعض القدرات البدنية الخاصة للاعبي كرة اليد الشباب
Authors: أ.م.د. أنعام جليل أبراهيم  , م.م. علاء جاسم مخيلف
Published: May 2023

هدفت الدراسة إلى إعداد منهج تدريبي بأسلوب نقص الأوكسجين بإستعمال قناع(الهايبوكسك) بما يتلاءم مع قدرات اللاعبين الشباب بكرة اليد والتعرف على تأثيره فيتطوير بعض القدرات البدنية الخاصة لدى لاعبي كرة اليد الشباب ؛ واستخدم الباحثانالمنهج التجريبي بتصميم المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة ذات الاختبار القبلي والبعدي ©على عينة من من اللاعبين الشباب في دوري أندية الدرجة الأولى في بغداد (لنادييالجيش والكرخ) للموسم الرياضي ‎)٢٠١٤-٢٠١٣(‏ وتم تحديد قدرات القوة المميزةبالسرعة للذراعين والرجلين والسرعة الانتقالية وتحمل السرعة واعداد منهج منهجتدريبي بأسلوب نقص الأوكسجين بإستعمال قناع (الهايبوكسك) طبق على المجموعةالتجريبية ‎)٣٢(‏ وحدة تدريبية نفذت خلال ‎)٨(‏ أسابيع بواقع ‎)٤(‏ وحدات تدريبية ولمدةشهرين وتم معالجة النتائج بعد الاختبارات البعدية وكان أهمها أن للمنهج التدريبي بأسلوبنقص الأوكسجين بإستعمال قناع (الهايبوكسك) تأثير إيجابي في تطوير القوة المميزةبالسرعة للذراعين وللرجلين لدى لاعبي كرة اليد الشباب الذين تدربوا به ؛ وتفوقهم علىتطوير اللاعبين الذين تدربوا بدونه ؛ وأن المنهج التدريبي بأسلوب نقص الأوكسجينبإستعمال قناع (الهايبوكسك) ساعد على تحسين السرعة الإنتقالية وتحملها للرجلين لدىلاعبي كرة اليد الشباب الذين تدربوا به ؛ وتفوقهم على تحسينهما لدى اللاعبين الذينتدربوا بدونه .
Synthesis of new N-Substituted -3- chloro -2- azetidinones for 2, 4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine
Authors: Tamador A. Mahmood
Published: May 2023

The current study involved synthesis of several new N-Substituted -

3- chloro -2- azetidinones for 2,4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine by two

steps. The first step includes preparation of Schiff bases (Al-A6) by

condensation of 2,4-Diamino-6-pheny]-1,3,5-triazine with many substituted

aldehydes, then the second step includes preparation new six azetidinone

compounds (B1-B6) by reaction of chloro acetyl chloride with the

prepared Schiff bases in first step. The prepared compounds were

characterized by physical properties, FT-IR, UV and some of them by 'H-

NMR, "C-NMR spectroscopy were recorded.
Synthesis and Characterization of some biologically active transition metal complexes for a ligand derived from dimedone with mixed ligands.
Authors: Ahmed T. Numan
Published: May 2023

The aim of the work is synthesis and characterization of bidentate ligand

[3-(3-acetylphenylamino)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-3-enone][HL], from the

reaction of dimedone with 3-amino acetophenone to produce the ligand

[HL], the reaction was carried out in dry benzene as a solvent under reflux.

The prepared ligand [HL] was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis

spectroscopy, 'H, 8C-NMR spectra, Mass spectra, (C.H.N) and melting

point. The mixed ligand complexes were prepared from ligand [HL] was

used as a primary ligand while 8-hydroxy quinoline [HQ] was used as a

secondary ligand with metal ion M(IT).Where M(IT) = (Mn ,Co ,Ni ,Cu ,Zn

,Cd and Pd) at reflux ,using ethanol as a solvent, KOH as a base.

Complexes of the composition [M(L)(Q)] with (1:1:1) molar ratio were

prepared . All the complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods

(FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy) along with elemental analysis (A.A),

chloride content and melting point measurements were carried out, together

with conductivity and magnetic susceptibility. These measurements showed

tetrahedral geometry around (Mn", Col, Ni, Cu", Zn! and Cd") ions and

square planner around (Pd") ion. The biological activity of the ligands

[HL],[HQ] ] and complexes (MLQ): were studied using inhibition method.
Image Classification using Different Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Alaba Simegnew
Published: May 2023

Artificial Neural Networks and Convolutional Neural Networks have become common tools for classification and object detection, owing to their ability to learn features without prior knowledge. During training, these networks learn the parameters, weights, and biases. This paper proposes a simple Neural Network and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for a classification task. Furthermore, the Bayesian neural network work is reproduced as a baseline for comparing my proposed networks. All experiments were conducted using the MNIST dataset.

While the simple neural networks and the convolutional networks adjust their parameters based on the cost function during training, the Bayesian convolutional neural network updates its parameters based on the backdrop that drives a variational approximation to the true posterior. Hyperparameters such as optimizer, learning rate, regularizers, dropout, epochs, etc., were varied to train the two proposed networks. The proposed networks achieved better classification accuracy, approximately 99\%, than the previously implemented Bayesian convolutional neural network. However, it is difficult to predict the certainty of the predictions made by my proposed networks, unlike Bayesian learning, which makes it easy to do so.  \href{https://github.com/Simeon340703/Classification_Networks}{You can find the code for this work at}.
Extraction of Transformer Parameters from FEMM Simulations and Automated Creation of a Transformer SPICE Model Using a Scripting Language
Authors: ZAIKIN DENYS
Published: May 2023

This study presents a method for extracting transformer parameters using simulations in the Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) electromagnetic solver. The extracted parameters represent a full model of a linear transformer and can be used in Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) simulations. A model of the two-winding transformer is presented in three variants, for which different approaches were used in the transformer simulation in the SPICE program, all yielding the same simulation results. A three-winding transformer T-model extraction is also developed in the study. A method for extracting transformer parameters from FEMM is proposed, along with an automated tool based on a scripting language built into the FEMM software.
Modulation and Demodulation Coding Scheme of Signals with Peak of Power Constraint
Authors: duan qihong , xue jiang , xu zongben
Published: May 2023

From the perspective of information theory, we investigate a model for modulation and demodulation coding scheme of an oversampled signal of given bandwidth and a limited peak of power with a finite code length under an additive white Gaussian noise channel. We extend Gallager's Theorem of finite length code and connect the problem with the volume of a smooth manifold in a complex space. Two modifications of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems are proposed based on transforms mapping the ball to the manifolds. Analysis shows relations between the proposed methods and existing PAPR reduction techniques. The result shows that the PAPR reduction ability of a proposed cascade of a clipping and a companding transform is supported by the information theory. Features of the proposed methods, such as spectral spreading, computational complexity, and code rate loss, are investigated and simulation results show that one of the proposed method is one of the best state-of-art peak-to-average power ratio reduction methods.
Life on land :An accurate centralized system for ensuring the safety and wellbeing of domestic and wild animals
Authors: heshan Adithya , Wickramathilake Shamilka , Gunathilake Dulmi , Herath Hiruni , Samarasekara Piyumika , de silva Dilshan
Published: May 2023

Described above has the potential to make a significant contribution to the conservation of endangered wildlife and the responsible management of domestic animals. 
Non-violations in Bell's Inequality
Authors: Miller Ian
Published: May 2023

The asserted violations of Bell's Inequality arise from the use of mixed frames of reference that violate the derivation of the inequality. Accordingly, entangled pairs may still follow local physics.
ELOD: An Efficient and Lightweight Object Detection Approach for Gastric Precancerous Disease
Authors: Li Hong , Deng Yuhui , Zhou Yi , Li Zhangwei , Chen Ping , Tang Zhimin
Published: May 2023

The accuracy of gastric precancerous disease detection algorithms plays a pivotal role in the adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer patients. However, detection of gastric precancerous diseases are facing two thorny problems: i)the physiological stomach environment is complex, and the lesion site features are not obvious, which lead to low detection accuracy for inconspicuous targets; ii) since the feature scale of the lesion site varies in size, the recognition ability of existing detection models for targets of different sizes is poor due to their insensitivity to multi-scale features. To address these two challenging problems, we propose an efficient and lightweight object detection approach called ELOD for gastric precancerous diseases. At the heart of ELOD are a lightweight bottleneck attention module (LBAM) and an efficient spatial pyramid pooling (ESPP) module. LBAM is designed to strengthen important features while suppressing unimportant features of images, which enables networks to deeply learn obscure targets. ESPP is devised to extract multi-scale features, thereby enhancing the ability of networks to detect multi-scale targets. Moreover, we take advantage of the state-of-the-art object detection architecture YOLOv5s as the underlying platform to implement ELOD and assess the effectiveness of LBAM and ESPP. To evaluate the performance of ELOD, we conduct extensive experiments on a collected gastric precancerous disease dataset and two public datasets (i.e., a gastric polyp dataset and a blood cell dataset). In addition, we quantitatively validate the generality and versatility of LBAM and ESPP. Experimental results indicate that our approach achieves high prediction accuracy,while substantially streamlining network structure and considerably reducing the number of model parameters.
Off Grid Solar PV System Sizing for A Typical East African Household
Authors: Fahim Khairul Eahsun
Published: May 2023

Power is one of the key factors in boosting economies and living conditions in East African Countries. Kenya relies heavily on fossil fuels which consist of high electricity prices and pollution. In this study, we suggested a standalone method for typical residential energy consumption. We contrasted the use of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system with a conventional grid connection. It shows the economic benefit of using power produced by PV, which lowers the cost of energy from the grid and allows them to eventually realize savings from the system. Therefore, this paper determines the ideal size of a rooftop solar home system that will satisfy all requirements for powering electrical appliances at a reasonable cost. Using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Renewables (HOMER) software, a cost-based comparison of the two energy systems has been conducted. Apart from the HOMER simulation a manual easy to calculate approach is also provided that will help to size standalone systems in the absence of premium software. 
Produksi biocoal berbahan dasar tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pada pembangkit listrik tenaga uap dengan metode torefaksi pada temperatur 200oC
Authors: Martin Awaludin , Ginting Yogie Rinaldy , Kurniawan Iwan , Andika  , R. A. Dhiki
Published: May 2023

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap Batubara (PLTU) merupakan salah satu industri yang menggunakan energi fosil sebagai bahan bakar utama, sehingga menyebabkan cadangan energi fosil semakin berkurang, untuk itu diperlukan peralihan penggunaan energi fosil menjadi energi baru dan terbarukan. Untuk mencapai target bauran energi tersebut, Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral telah mengeluarkan regulasi untuk meningkatkan penggunaan energi baru dan terbarukan melalui metode co-firing untuk pembangkit listrik tenaga uap dengan memanfaatkan biomassa sebagai campuran batu bara. Namun, biomassa dari tandan buah kosong memiliki beberapa kelemahan sebagai bahan bakar dan salah satu kelemahan dari tandan buah kosong adalah memiliki nilai kalor yang rendah. Metode torefaksi pada suhu 200oC merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan nilai kalor biomassa dari tandan buah kosong. Pada kajian sebelumnya dengan menggunakan metode torrefaction pada suhu 200°C selama 30 menit, diperoleh biocoal dengan mass yield dan energy yield tertinggi 78% dan 96,11% dengan nilai kalor 4799,27 kkal/kg, di mana nilai kalor tersebut setara dengan nilai kalor batu bara. Kajian ini merupakan kelanjutan dari penelitian sebelumnya, di mana pada penelitian sebelumnya, berat sampel tandan kosong hanya 100 g, pada kajian ini berat sampel divariasikan hingga 1.000 g dengan metode torefaksi yang sama yaitu dengan suhu 200°C dan waktu proses torefaksi 30 menit menggunakan reaktor fixed bed. Hasil dari kajian ini adalah biocoal dengan nilai kalori bahan bakar tertinggi sebesar 6.253 kcal/kg dengan variasi massa 1.000 g.
Assessment of Students' Knowledge in Medical Technical Institute/Baghdad about Tuberculosis diseases
Authors: Al Ramahy Eman Mahmud Ismail
Published: May 2023

Objective: A purposive study aims to identify the student knowledge about tuberculosis disease
Methods: The sample of (120) student was selected the first class the medical departments in to institute for the period of December 15, 2011 to December 15, 2012. The questionnaire was designed to achieve the aims of study, it was consist of many parts, the first content the demographic information, the second part include knowledge of students about categories that infected with tuberculosis. The third part include the student knowledge of the signs of disease, the fourth content methods of transmission of disease, and the last part include the student information about the methods of protection of tuberculosis disease. Data were analyzed by using frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and cut of point, used grand mean to answer the level of (yes , No).
Results: The results showed that (58.3%) female was at age (18-20) year, and the lowest percentage (1.7%) of sample was at age (30-33) year. (73.3%) of student lived in Baghdad city, the study revealed, the student knowledge about the categories that infected with tuberculosis, it register (1.7), grand mean above the cut of point (1.5). Also the study showed (1.6) grand mean for the student information about the signs of disease, it reveled above cut of point while the grand mean showed (1.4) about the protection methods.
Conclusion: The study revealed that the student knowledge was acceptable for all variables of the categories that infected with tuberculosis, the signs of disease, the transportation, while the student information about the method of protection disease reveled low.
Recommendation: Doing health education about tuberculosis disease, signs &symptoms, transportation, and protection of the disease, early detection, and give immediate reports about the infected case.
Effect of Contributing Physical Stressors on Breast Cancer in women: A Retrospective Study in Babylon Governorate
Authors: Ali Rabea M. , Hassan Najaat Hamza
Published: May 2023

Objectives: To determine the effect of physical stressors on breast cancer occurrence, and to find out the relationship between breast cancer occurrence and the physical stressors.
Methodology: A retrospective study, a purposive sample of (400) women; (200) women diagnosed with breast cancer were visited AL-Merjan Teaching Hospital Oncology Cancer Center in Babylon Governorate as a study group and (200) women free of breast cancer were collected of different districts within Babylon Governorate as a control group. An assessment tool was constructed for the purpose of the study, it was comprised of Socio-demographic data, Reproductive data, Information related to woman healthy life style (exercise & nutrition), Information related to breast cancer and Physical life stressors consist of (12) item of 10 years previous breast cancer occurrence divided to two periods (previous 1-5 years) and (previous 6-10 years). Physical measurements for measuring obesity and overweight (BMI) as well as the medical records to explain in which stage of breast cancer and other details may be assisting this study. Data were collected of 5 Feb. 2012 to 10 Apr. 2012. Analysis of data was performed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis approach.
Results: The study demonstrates that the highest percentage (39.5%) of study sample was in age (50-54) years in comparison with the other age groups for both of study and control groups. There are a highly significant difference at P<0.01 between the physical stressors and breast cancer.
Conclusions: The physical stressor's items distributed in the two periods (1-5) years and (6-10) years, the study group's individuals were reported low assessment grade (65.92%) than control group's individuals. There are too highly significant different at P<0.001 between life aspects and breast cancer in women and no relationship with their demographical and reproductive characteristics variables with an overall assessments at the study group except with (age, parity, and other diseases) variables.
Recommendations:- Activation of media and Ministry of Health role for increasing the awareness of women and their families about the importance of reducing the risk factors which contributing on breast cancer occurrence & importance of early detection of breast cancer
Prevalence of Sleep Disorders Among Children in Elementary Schools in Kirkuk City
Authors: Muheal-deen Abbas Lateef , Ibraim Radwan  H.
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence rates of several symptoms of sleep disorders in young children, and the relationship between symptoms of pediatric sleep disorders and other childhood problems.
Methodology: A descriptive study design, subjects consist of (600) pupils divided in to 336 male and 264 female, aged 6 to 12 years, The data were collected of  20 Kirkuk elementary schools during a period of five months extending of December, 1st , 2011 to May, 1st , 2012. Were selected through parent report and academic assessment. Reliability and validity of questionnaire were determined by performance of a pilot study. Data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistics ( Frequency, percentage and mean) and inferential statistic analysis (correlation coefficient and chi-Square test). Children who rated as high risk for having sleep disorder displayed more externalizing and internalizing problems, less developed academic skills, and lower scores on a measure of  academic skills, as compared to children whose sleep was rated within the normal range.
Results: It was found that 25% of children were at high risk for having at least one type of sleep disorder.
Conclusions: High rates of sleep disorder symptoms were observed across all disorder categories, particularly in Excessive daytime sleepiness and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. This indicates that the symptoms of sleep disorders are already apparent even at sample (6-12) years old.
Recommendation: Early identification and intervention were crucial in order to assist children suffering of sleep disorders. Future research should focus on using larger samples in order to gain a more accurate picture of prevalence rates in this population. In addition, larger samples would more precisely determine the differences that exist between the 3 categories of risk for a sleep disorder: normal risk, moderate risk, and high risk.
The Knowledge of Students in Nursing College about Nursing Process
Authors: Al- Ftlawy Dergham Majeed Hameed
Published: May 2023

Background: Across-sectional study was carried out at the college of nursing in the university of kufa, during the November (15) to December (30) 2011.
Objectives: to assess the knowledge that providing in the college of nursing to the students and assess the level of knowledge in the students about the nursing process, and identifying the relationship between these knowledge and the students' demographic.
Methodology: The sample of the study includes are (100) students in the college of nursing in the university of Kufa. The sample classified into (4) stages (25) students in each stage. The data were collected through the use of questionnaire type Likert scales, which consisted of (30) questions about the steps of nursing process. The data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis that include (frequency, and percentage), and the application of inferential statistical analysis that included (the person correlation coefficient, chi-square).
Results: of the study indicated that there were non-significant relationship between the knowledge of students and some their demographic characteristics such as the gender & back ground, but there was significant relationship with the class (stage) of the students in the college of nursing and the age of them.
Concluded: the knowledge of students about nursing process increase whenever long study them in the college of nursing.
Recommended: Based on the research of the study, apply education program to student undergraduate in nursing college, Increased the amount of information in curriculum in nursing college about nursing process and a booklet about nursing process should be designed and distributed to all students in college of nursing.
Assessment of mother's practices toward their thalassemic children who receiving desferal therapy in thalassemia center in Babylon Maternal and child Hospital
Authors: Aziz Afifa Radha
Published: May 2023

Objectives: the study aimed to assess the practice of mothers' toward Desferal therapy, and to find out association between mother's practices with their demographic information.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted at thalassemia center in Babylon Maternal and child Hospital, Data was gathered by using a questionnaire for the period of December 4th to March 26th 2012, data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical.
Results: The results shows that most of mother's age between (30-39) years which present (41.25%), regard to the level of mother's education the highest percentage were read and write (29.28%), level of education read and write, also the results shows that there is significant relationship between practice of mothers with Desferal therapy with age of mothers' and level of education, but there is no significant relation between practice of mother's with Desferal therapy and occupation of mother.
Recommendations: the researcher recommended health education should be done through different mass media to educated the mother's and their families regarding chelating therapy for thalassemia children.
Assessment of diabetes type 2 clients' self- care skills toward Blood glucose level control
Authors: AL_Ani Batool , Oleiwi Sameer Razzaq
Published: May 2023

Objectives: study aims to assess the diabetes type2 clients' self- care skills toward blood glucose level control, and find out the relationship between variables which are (Age, gender, educational level, duration of DM diagnosis, and monthly income) with diabetes type 2 clients ' self- care skills toward blood glucose level control. 
Methodology: Descriptive study was carried out through the present investigation in Jun 2nd \ 2011- November 2nd 2011 in order to achieve the objectives of the present study. A non probability (purposive) sample, (200) cases which consists of clients who were attending Al-Nasiriyha diabetic center. Including (118) males and (82) females . The data were collected by utilization of the study instruments and employment of scheduled interview as means data collection. The data collection process was performed in  July 2nd / 2011 /September 2nd/ 2011. A questionnaire was designed constructed by the researcher to measure the variable. The questionnaire consisted of 2 parts which are demographical, and diabetics self-caret skills indicator toward blood glucose level control. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined through a pilot study and the validity through a panel of experts. The data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistic frequency, percentage, and the application of inferential statistical procedures, which include Pearson correlation coefficient, and contingency coefficient.
Results: The study shows highest percent of the study samples (37.5) were (50-59) years old. with the mean age (52±7.1) years, (72.o%) of them are without of diabetes type 2 self-care skills toward blood glucose level control, most of them were married male, With low educational level, group's duration of type 2 DM diagnosis was (1-5) years, insufficient monthly income, unemployed, overweight, they had information from their physician, and diagnosed indecently. There are significant association between diabetes type 2 clients' self-care skills toward blood glucose level control and (age, educational level, monthly income). And there were no significant association with another variable
Recommendations: New diabetic patients should be engage in educational program by nurse & supply with booklet which include self- care skills toward blood glucose level control and supported by videotapes to enforce their practices, with the nurse supervision during visit them to the center, instructed to control their blood glucose level, and body weight to improve their self-care skills to avoid complications.
Assessment of Nurses' Knowledge of Using Heparin in Hemodialysis Unit
Authors: Mohammed Khalidah
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The study aims to assess the knowledge's of nurses on the use of heparin in the hemodialysis and determine the relationship between this knowledge's and demographic characteristics of the Nurses staff in departments of dialysis
Methodology: Descriptive study carried out during the period of December 2011 to May 2012 to assess the knowledge nurses on the use of heparin in hemodialysis study was conducted in a hospital Shahid Ghazi al-Hariri and Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Al Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and included a sample of the research (30) nurses working in hemodialysis departments. Where data was collected after it was built form questionnaire by researcher related to the purposes of the study and is composed of two parts. part one included user demographics and contains (5) items and part two included (13) items. The validity of the questionnaire was examined through (7) experts by calculating the correlation coefficient (Pearson), which was worth an acceptable statistically (r: 0.858) and collected data in a direct interview, then the data were analyzed through the application of descriptive analysis (frequency, percentage ) as well as deductive analysis of the data (arithmetic mean and weighted Pearson correlation coefficient) using statistical bag of Social Sciences, version 16
Results: The study showed that the majority of nurses are female and most of them aged between (26-30) and most of them graduates of Institute and they have working experience between (1-5) years and their knowledge of the drug heparin were moderate.
Recommendations: The study recommended that nursing specialization in hemodialysis station taking into account training session about the importance of using heparin in hemodialysis and how to deal with the complication according to special programs.
Conclusions: The result study finding that there is strong positive relationship between increased of expert and age, increased of training and age also training with expert and there is moderate relationship between the remaining variables.
Mother's attitudes toward obesity among school children in Babylon
Authors: Hamza Najih , Jihad Salma K.
Published: May 2023

Background: Obesity has been declared by the (WHO) as a major public health problem and global epidemic, in general a body mass index of 30 kg/m² or greater is considered obese, and according to the WHO too more than 1.5 billion adults are overweight, parents and mothers play a great role in choosing and preparing food.
Objectives: The aim of the current study is to identify the attitude of mothers toward obesity among schoolchildren.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Al- Kawthar primary health center in Babylon between the 1st of April to the 1st of October to identify the attitude of mothers toward obesity among school children. A convenient random sample size of (50) mothers was selected to accomplish the study.
Results: Total number of the mothers was 50 majority were aged between 25-28 years old, mothers who are not working represent (82%), to achieve the aim of the study and for the identification of the attitude of the mothers the researchers determine the sample scores within the positive and the negative attitude by using lekert scale of five levels and according to that it was found that sample has negative attitude t- test tabulated value represented (1.22) at p (0.05). the most important results was that negative attitudes affect obesity like it is considered as a beauty sign or conducting such a selection and cooking mistakes or dealing with some practices like consuming unhealthy food. Study recommended the importance of using of the educational aids to change their attitudes and practices about food preparation and selection especially with the school children because of the risk and also MOH must conduct this subject as a National health program and include that in the parents- school meetings.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there were poor levels in knowledge and attitude of mothers toward obesity among children school.
Recommendation: The present study recommended that Ministry Of Health must develop programs to follow up any children gaining abnormal weight as, this health problem must be included in the meeting of the school and parents give more information to mothers about the same issue to enforce or change their attitudes.
Sister Marie Joseph Nodule in a Polypathological Patient: Study of an Observation at the Dermatology Hospital of Bamako (Mali)
Authors: Tamekou Simon Herve Laho , A Keita , B Traoré , Diakité Mamoudou , L Keita , SA Safiatou Aboubacar Touré , B Guindo , K Tall , CA Cynthia Audrey Tagne Sendjong , A Dicko , A Coulibaly , A Dicko A , Faye Ousmane
Published: May 2023

Summary: Sister Mary Joseph nodule is a metastatic localization with a generally abdominal-pelvic origin and secondary to a primary adenocarcinoma in 90% of cases. We report an observation of Sister Mary Joseph nodule revealing a primary adenocarcinoma of the colon in a young adult with multiple pathologies. Observation: A 57-year-old patient, followed for hepatitis B, HIV1+, and benefiting from a therapeutic regimen (Tenofovir+Lamivudine+Dolutegravir) since 2019 and later a hyperthyroidism of incidental discovery. For one year he has had a firm nodular ulceration measuring 07 cm in its longest axis, with a reddish-pink appearance and whitish deposits, a haemorrhagic ooze on contact, and located at the umbilicus. Also, a tongue laden with whitish coatings that are easily removed with a tongue depressor and the inner surface of the cheeks and palate are erythematous. Bilateral exophthalmos abolished vocal vibrations in both lung bases; two hard left inguinal adenopathies adhering to the deep plane, painless, 3 cm in diameter each. He also described episodes of alternating constipation and diarrhoea accompanied by abdominal pain, coughing, physical asthenia and weight loss (40% loss in 2 years). Anatomopathology of a fragment of the nodule revealed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma whose tumour cells were of colorectal origin and expressed CK20 and CK8/18. Colonoscopy revealed a multilobed polyploid tumour of the ascending colon and histology concluded that it was a liberkuhnian adenocarcinoma. A chest CT scan revealed pulmonary and abdominal-pelvic metastases and the diagnosis of a Sister Mary Joseph nodule revealing a colonic and metastatic adenocarcinoma was made. The patient was referred to the oncology department for palliative care after the surgical opinion. Conclusion: The nodule of Sister Marie Joseph is a cutaneous metastasis revealing a cancer of the abdominopelvic sphere. This rare and characteristic tumour deserves to be known by practitioners .......
The Evolutionary Profile of Dermatofibrosarcoma of Darier and Ferrand: Study of 23 Cases in Bamako
Authors: Keita Alimata , A Coulibaly , B Traoré , B Guindo , M Diakité , SHL Tamekou , K Tall , Y Fofana , M Gasssama , M Sissoko , A Traoré , M Diarra , A Samaké , L Cissé , O Sylla , O Maiga , AA Dicko , O Faye
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Darier and Ferrant dermatofibrosarcoma is a rare malignant cutaneous mesenchymal tumour, representing less than 0.1% of malignant tumours and less than 5% of soft tissue sarcomas in adults. The aim of this study was to describe the evolutionary profile of cases of dermato fibrosarcoma of Darier et Ferrant reported in the dermato-venereology department of the National Centre for Disease Control (CNAM). Patients and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the dermatology department of the National Centre for Disease Control Support between 1991 and 2016, a period of 25 years. Was included, all patient with a histologically confirmed dermatofibrosarcoma notified in the registers of the CNAM histology laboratory or in the patient's medical file during the study period. Results: In total we collected 23 cases out of 5520 biopsied patients, i.e. a proportion of 0.41%. Males represented 60.8% with an average age of 40 years. The lesions were simple nodular in 12 of the 23 patients (52.2%), multi-nodular in 7 of the 23 patients (30.4%), nodulo-ulcerous and in patches in 4 of the 23 patients (17.4%). The lesions were located on the trunk in 60.8% of cases (image 1), on the head in 21.7% of cases and on the limbs in 17.5% of cases. The mean size of the lesions was 10×8cm with extremes of 3cm×3cm to 25cm×20cm. Management was exclusively surgical. Conclusion: DFSP is a rare tumour with a slow evolution, characterised by its rare metastasis but above all by its strong tendency to recurrence. The diagnosis is often evoked clinically and confirmed by histological study. The treatment of DFSP is surgical based on a large and deep lesion removal. Clinical monitoring allows early detection of recurrence, which is frequent in this disease.