bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diet and landscape use at Faraoskop from C, N and Sr isotopes in multiple skeletal tissues
Authors: Gray Kerryn , le Roux Petrus , Sealy Judith
Published: January 2025

The isotopic composition of body tissues can provide information about diet and patterns of movement or migration during life. Here, we report δ13C, δ15N and 87Sr/86Sr analyses for a small sample of fauna and for the 12 humans buried at Faraoskop, and make inferences about how these people ranged across the landscape as they hunted and foraged. δ13C and δ15N values for collagen from cortical and cancellous bone and (for two individuals) desiccated muscle tissue are similar, reflecting consumption of isotopically similar, mostly terrestrial foods throughout life. Not all individuals had teeth preserved but for five we were able to measure 87Sr/86Sr in tooth enamel in an earlier- and a later-forming tooth. Where possible, teeth were analysed near the occlusal surface, half-way up the height of the crown and near the dentine/enamel junction, to assess variation during the period of crown formation. Only one of the five (UCT 394) showed significant intra-individual variation in 87Sr/86Sr, between 0.6 and 3.5 years of age. Two individuals yielded enamel 87Sr/86Sr like the geologically recent sediments of the coastal plain to the west of Faraoskop, while three individuals had values intermediate between the coastal plain and the more ancient shales and sandstones of the Table Mountain Group to the east. As young children, people buried at Faraoskop ranged over different areas of the local landscape, probably as part of different social groups.
The Neural Signature of Inner Peace: Morphometric Differences Between High and Low Accepters
Authors: Grecucci Alessandro , Ghomroudi Parisa Ahmadi , Monachesi Bianca , Messina Irene
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Acceptance is an adaptive emotion regulation strategy characterized by an open and non-judgmental attitude toward mental and sensory experiences. While a few studies have investigated the neural correlates of acceptance in task-based fMRI studies, a gap remains in the scientific literature regarding dispositional use of acceptance, and how this is reflected at a structural level. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the neural and psychological differences between infrequent acceptance users (i.e., low accepters) and frequent users (i.e., high accepters). Another question was whether high and low accepters differ in personality traits and emotional intelligence.

Method

For the first time, we applied a data fusion unsupervised machine learning approach (mCCA-jICA) to the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of high accepters (n = 50), and low accepters (n = 78) to possibly detect joint GM-WM differences in both modalities.

Results

Our results show that two covarying GM-WM networks separate high from low accepters. The first network showed decreased GM-WM concentration in a fronto-temporal-parietal circuit largely overlapping with the default mode network in high accepters compared to low accepters. The second network showed increased GM-WM concentration in portions of the orbito-frontal, temporal, and parietal areas, which may correspond to a central executive network, also in high accepters compared to low accepters. At the psychological level, the high accepters displayed higher openness to experience compared to low accepters.

Conclusions

Overall, our findings suggest that high accepters compared to low accepters differ in neural and psychological mechanisms. These findings confirm and extend previous studies on the relevance of acceptance as a strategy associated with well-being.
Eating behavior patterns, metabolic parameters and circulating oxytocin levels in patients with obesity: an exploratory study
Authors: Elena Colonnello , Flavia Libotte , Davide Masi , Mariaignazia Curreli , Chandra Massetti , Orietta Gandini , Elena Gangitano , Mikiko Watanabe , Stefania Mariani , Lucio Gnessi , Carla Lubrano
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Obesity is a complex heterogeneous disease often associated with dysfunctional eating behavior patterns. Oxytocin (OT) is a neurohormone involved in the regulation of energy metabolism and eating behavior. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in a population of patients with obesity circulating levels of OT and dysfunctional eating behaviors in relation to anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters.

Methods

A prospective, observational, single-center study was conducted at the Center of High Specialization for the Care of Obesity of Sapienza University of Rome. Adult subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 were recruited. Body impedance assessment (BIA), biochemical and hormonal parameters, plasma OT concentration analysis and the Eating Behaviors Assessment for Obesity (EBA-O) questionnaire were evaluated.

Results

A total of 21 patients, 16 females and 5 males, with a mean age of 45.7 ± 15.1 years, mean BMI of 40.89 ± 8.02 kg/m2 and plasma OT concentration of 1365.61 ± 438.03 pg/mL were recruited. The dysfunctional eating behavior traits investigated by the EBA-O appear significantly associated with metabolic derangements. In particular, night eating is associated with alterations in lipid metabolism (p < 0.01). Circulating OT correlates positively with BMI (r = 0,43; p < 0.05), and Hepatic Steatosis Index (HIS) (r = 0.46; p < 0.05), while its role in subjects with obesity and alterations in glucose metabolism is less clear. Interestingly, circulating OT levels < 1312.55 pg/mL may be predictive of food addiction (100% sensitivity; 62.5% specificity).

Conclusions

Despite the need for larger studies to confirm their validity, the clinical utility of the EBA-O and circulating OT in identifying dysfunctional eating behaviors appears promising.
Framework for Identifying Bridge Damping Considering Support Effect Using Instrumented Three-Mass Vehicle
Authors: Yang Judy P. , Wu Cheng-Yun , He Yi , Zhang Yuan-Jun
Published: January 2025

Purpose

An effective framework based on an instrumented three-mass test vehicle is proposed for identifying the damping ratio of a bridge by considering support effect.

Methods

In this vehicle-bridge interaction system, several sensors are installed on the test vehicle and the corresponding virtual scanning points on the bridge are used to identify the bridge damping ratio. The closed-form damping formula is derived by using the free-decay responses of any two scanning points for a simply supported bridge. Unlike the single-mode closed-form solutions, the scanning-point responses in the finite element analysis need to be filtered out, while this study further makes use of the dynamic responses provided by the two unsprung mass to enhance the accuracy.

Results

The support effect is systematically investigated and discussed via a simple beam and a two-span continuous bridge.

Conclusion

The liability of the proposed framework is proven through the parametric study with various practical factors in concern.
Human Memory
Authors: Malmberg Kenneth J.
Published: January 2025

The General Theory of human memory is the most prominent result of the cognitive revolution in psychology. Despite its role in modern memory research, the General Theory is not well understood. This book describes the General Theory of human memory and applies it to numerous empirical phenomena. It details the prominent architectures for formally modeling the flow of information among the proposed memory structures using the search of associative memory (SAM) and the retrieving effectively from memory (REM) models.
Epidemiology of Parkinson’s Disease Among Chinese Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area: A 15-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Kwan Alfred W. , Chu Joseph Y.
Published: January 2025

We present a 15-year retrospective study comparing the epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) between Chinese and non-Chinese populations in the Greater Toronto Area. A cohort of 88 patients with PD revealed that Chinese patients (N = 36) had a significantly lower mean age at diagnosis (67.3 ± 12.6 years) compared to non-Chinese patients (72.1 ± 9.2 years) (p = 0.039). Higher obesity rates were found in non-Chinese patients (p = 0.0004). Chinese patients experienced more motor fluctuations (p = 0.028) and amantadine use (p = 0.041). These findings underscore the importance of future research on ethnic variations in PD.
Percutaneous self-expandable valve implantation in patients with stented pulmonary arteries: case examples
Authors: Szeliga Judyta , Gewillig Marc , Góreczny Sebastian
Published: January 2025

CHDs affecting the right ventricular outflow tract often require repeated surgical or transcatheter interventions due to pulmonary insufficiency or stenosis. This study presents percutaneous implantation of large self-expanding valves in patients with complex right ventricular outflow tract anatomy after prior pulmonary branch stenting.
Bi‐Directional Spectro‐Polarimetry of Olivine Sand
Authors: Lee Chris H. , Bachmann Charles M. , Nur Nayma Binte , Golding Rachel M.
Published: January 2025

We characterized the bi‐directional spectro‐polarimetry of olivine sands of varying grain size distributions for a comprehensive set of measurement and illumination angles over a wavelength range of 350–2,500 nm. Our laboratory instrumentation included a hyperspectral goniometer, a broadband linear polarizer, and a tungsten‐halogen illumination source. Three distinct grain size distributions of olivine sand samples were used in our experiments. As a function of azimuth, we measured a significant degree of anisotropic scattering, that depends directly on polarization angles, resulting in a distribution that cannot be accurately described solely using phase angle. For media of uniform or similar composition, we observed robust separability of grain size distributions using spectro‐polarimetry. We compared Hapke's polarimetric model for semi‐infinite granular media with a new empirical polarimetric model that we developed. This empirical model more accurately replicates the scattering of unpolarized incident light as a function of all view azimuth, view zenith, and polarization angles for all incident zenith angles. Parameters of our empirical polarimetric model that determine the magnitude of polarization correlate linearly with the inverse diffuse reflectances of the olivine sand samples, exhibiting phenomenology that is most likely due to the Umov effect. Because of the linearity of the correlations, our results show that polarimetry can be used to retrieve medium parameters, such as grain size distributions. We provide our data online and freely available in a Zenodo/GitHub repository.
An Interpretable Deep Inference Model With Dynamic Constraints for Forecasting the Evolution of Sea Surface Variables in the South China Sea
Authors: Shao Qi , Hou Guangchao , Li Wei , Han Guijun , Duan Maoteng , Zheng Qingyu , Hu Song
Published: January 2025

An interpretable deep inference forecasting model is designed to improve the forecasting capability of sea surface variables. By incorporating the air‐sea coupling mechanism as a dynamic constraint, the interpretability and forecasting performance of the model are improved. More specifically, our findings underscore the critical role of air‐sea interactions in forecasting sea surface variables, especially sea surface temperature (SST) variations induced by tropical cyclones (TCs). Additionally, Liang‐Kleeman information flow (IF), a causal inference method, is introduced to optimize the selection of predictors. Using satellite remote sensing data, our study demonstrates the model's capability in realizing sea surface multivariate forecasts in the South China Sea (SCS) within 10 days. More importantly, the experimental results prove the applicability of the model in both normal and extreme weather conditions, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing sea surface variables forecasting.
Accelerated River Mobility Linked to Water Discharge Variability
Authors: Leenman Anya , Greenberg Evan , Moulds Simon , Wortmann Michel , Slater Louise , Ganti Vamsi
Published: January 2025

Understanding drivers of river mobility—temporal shifts in river channel positions—is critical for managing fluvial landscapes sustainably and for interpreting past river responses to climate change. However, direct observations linking river mobility and water discharge variability are scarce. Here, we pair multi‐annual measurements of daily water discharge and river mobility, estimated from Landsat, for 48 rivers worldwide. We show that, across climates and planforms, river mobility is correlated with water discharge variability over daily, intra‐annual, and inter‐annual timescales. For similar mean discharge, higher discharge variability is associated with up to an order‐of‐magnitude faster floodplain reworking. A random forest regression model indicates that discharge variability is the primary predictor of river mobility, when compared to mean water discharge, sediment concentration, and channel‐bed slope. Our results suggest that enhanced hydro‐climatic extremes could accelerate future river mobility, and that past changes to discharge variability may explain the fabric of fluvial strata.
Global Ionospheric Response to X‐Class Flares During the Solar Cycle 24: An Investigation Using IGS Network
Authors: Sreeraj M. S. , Sumod S. G. , Kavya E. M. , Mildred Sruthi , Pant T. K. , Hari Priyadarshan
Published: January 2025

In this study, we have comprehensively investigated the ionospheric response to all the 49 X‐class flares that occurred during the solar cycle 24, using high‐cadence Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements obtained from International Global Navigation Satellite System Service (IGS) networks, spanning more than 500 stations across the globe. GOES measured X‐ray emissions in the 0.1–0.8 nm band and SOHO‐recorded extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiations in the 26–34 nm band have been used to characterize the flare radiations. The analysis of spatial variability in global distribution of flare‐induced TEC (TEC) indicates a clear‐cut dependence on Solar Zenith Angle (SZA). The ratio of TEC at to that at was found to vary from 0.13 to 0.87, with an average value of 0.45. The non‐linear increase in X‐ray and EUV during the flares has been corrected by incorporating the Central Meridian Distance (CMD) on X‐ray measurements and found that the correlation between TEC and X‐ray has been increased from 0.45 to 0.93. The CMD effect was more pronounced for stronger flare classes and those occurring closer to the solar limb. The inter‐comparison of these results with the previous cycle indicates that overall features match fairly well despite the reduced activity and fewer flares in cycle 24. The importance of the study lies not only in showing the quantitative analysis of global flare‐induced ionospheric variability during solar cycle 24, probably for the first time, but also helpful for “space weather” predictions in view of its relevance in communication and navigation scenarios.
Pick‐Up ion Distributions in the Inner and Middle Saturnian Magnetosphere
Authors: Radulescu Cristian R. , Coates Andrew J. , Simon Sven , Verscharen Daniel , Jones Geraint H.
Published: January 2025

Based on the entire dataset collected by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer, we provide a comprehensive picture of the pitch angle (PA) and velocity distributions of pick‐up ions (PUIs) in Saturn's inner and middle magnetosphere. We investigate the dependence of these distributions on Saturnian Local Time and magnetic latitude. We also search for correlations with the signatures of ion cyclotron waves (ICWs) observed by the Cassini magnetometer. Our survey reveals that ion PA distributions have a pancake shape and their full width increases monotonically with magnetic latitude. This increase in angular width is anti‐correlated with the observed amplitudes of ICWs that are generated during the thermalization of the PUI distribution. We find no evidence of the previously observed, non‐monotonic change of wave amplitudes with magnetic latitude mapping into the width of the PA distributions. This suggests that only a small fraction of the energy deposited into the waves is transferred back to the ions to broaden the distribution. We find that the PA scattering time is several times the bounce period, meaning PUIs become PA scattered only after completing several cycles of bounce motion and, hence migrating to higher latitudes by the time they become more isotropic. When moving away from Saturn's magnetic equatorial plane, the observed half‐width of the velocity distributions does not evolve appreciably with latitude and shell value. This behavior changes only outside the orbit of Rhea where the observed velocity distributions begin to broaden due to elevated plasma temperatures.
A Study of the Diurnal Tide in the MLT Region During the 2020 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Over Yinchuan, China (38.8°N, 106.8°E)
Authors: Gong Yun , Bao Jiaxin , Zhang Shaodong , Ma Zheng , Zhou Qihou , Luo Jiahui
Published: January 2025

We present a study of diurnal tidal variations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region over Yinchuan (38.8°N, 106.8°E) during the 2020 Northern Hemisphere winter sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. This research utilizes data from a newly established meteor radar at Yinchuan, in conjunction with the Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with Thermosphere and Ionosphere Extension (SD‐WACCM‐X), the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA‐2) reanalysis data, and a meteor radar in Beijing, China (40.3°N, 116.2°E). Our analysis reveals a significant enhancement in the amplitude of the diurnal tide during the 2020 SSW in both meridional and zonal wind components, exceeding the climatological mean by two standard deviations. The variation in the ratio of absolute vorticity to planetary vorticity in the MLT region is known to correlate with diurnal tide amplitude. Our findings indicate that the zonal‐mean zonal wind in the MLT underwent a dramatic change during the SSW, with the ratio beginning to decrease 2 days prior to the event. This suggests that changes in the zonal‐mean zonal wind during the SSW may play a crucial role in the observed amplification of the diurnal tidal amplitudes. Nevertheless, further investigations are needed to better understand the amplification of diurnal tides in the MLT region during SSWs.
Testing Driving Mechanisms of Megathrust Seismicity With Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Graciosa Juan Carlos , Capitanio Fabio A. , Beall Adam , Hargreaves Mitchell , Gollapalli Thyagarajulu , Tang Titus , Zuhair Mohd
Published: January 2025

The correlation between subduction zone features and megathrust seismicity provides relevant clues on what controls the generation, location and clustering of mega‐earthquakes (magnitudes Mw ≥ 8.0). Thus far, weak correlations are found between subduction zone parameters and seismicity through bivariate statistical analyses. Here, we used Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to assess the relevance of geophysical properties and tectonic motions along major subduction zones, paired with novel proxies of slab stress from calculations of buoyancy‐driven subduction. The features derived from these data sets, describing the physical state, kinematics, and dynamics, served as inputs to a Fully Connected Network (FCN) trained to classify segments according to the largest earthquake magnitude that ruptured it. The subsequent use of Layer‐wise Relevance Propagation, an XAI technique, on a trained FCN provides an estimate of the relevance of the input, identifying the features most relevant to the classification. The XAI procedure confirmed the importance of subduction interface curvature, sediment thickness, long wavelength bathymetric roughness, and free‐air gravity anomalies, as previously proposed. Interestingly, our procedure revealed the importance of slabs extending to the upper mantle as well as the trench‐parallel slab stress, showing how three‐dimensional subduction forces may control large earthquakes. This suggests the preferential occurrence of large earthquakes on megathrust segments around slab steps and edges, where the slab depth measured along trench varies abruptly. At these steps, the trench‐parallel forcing is maximized by the excess load of neighboring deeper slabs.
Stormy Subtropics and Stratiform South: Radar‐Based Classification and Analysis of Australian Rainfall Events
Authors: Bowden Annabel , Jakob Christian , Soderholm Joshua
Published: January 2025

Australia has a large operational weather radar network spanning multiple climatic regimes. However, data from this network is not commonly used to obtain heavy rainfall event characteristics. Drawing on the methodology presented in Bowden et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jd039253), areal radar variables are used to identify and characterize rainfall events at 15 Australian radar sites over an 11‐year period. Rainfall events over all sites are grouped into three clusters based on their characteristics—stratiform (low rainfall intensities and small contributions from convective areas), convective (localized with high rainfall intensities and strong contributions from convective areas), and persistent (long‐lasting, moderately intense, extensive events). Further, the top 100 events by accumulation and intensity were identified for each site. Stratiform cluster events are most common in the cool season, convective cluster events are most common in the warm season, and persistent cluster events exhibit strong regional variation in seasonal occurrence over Australia. Convective cluster events are most common at tropical and subtropical sites, and stratiform cluster events are most common at mid‐latitude sites. Persistent cluster rainfall events occur least frequently, but make significant contributions to rainfall totals around Australia. Furthermore, almost all high accumulation rainfall events belong to the persistent cluster, and most high intensity events belong to the convective cluster. Examination of rainfall event environments with reanalysis data shows that persistent cluster events and high accumulation events both occur in environments with strong positive column moisture anomalies and mid‐level ascent, consistent with past findings on Australian heavy rainfall environments.
The Timing of the Middle Pleistocene Glacial Terminations Based on 40Ar/39Ar Detrital Sanidine Dating
Authors: Marino Gianluca , Marra Fabrizio , Jicha Brian , Bulian Francesca , Florindo Fabio
Published: January 2025

Sediments were deposited since 1,300 ka in the Paleotiber delta, near the coast of Rome. They generally consist of fining‐upward sequences, with abrupt transitions from gravel to sand and/or clay that reflect changes in the regional base level due to rapid sea‐level rise. These aggradational successions can be precisely dated using 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, by exploiting the frequent volcanic activity of the Roman Magmatic Region and the associated widespread occurrence of potassium‐rich primary volcanic deposits. Here we present, new detrital sanidine 40Ar/39Ar‐based chronologies for five aggradational successions deposited between ∼960 ka and ∼600 ka in the Paleotiber delta that are corroborated by vertical and lateral stratigraphic analysis. This stratigraphic framework of fining‐upward sequences is interpreted as the local expression of high‐amplitude, sea‐level rise during the glacial terminations of the Middle Pleistocene. Comparison with a global stack of stable oxygen isotopes measured in benthic foraminifera and/or with radiometrically dated speleothems shows agreement across glacial terminations XII, IX, and VIII, while a ∼10 kyr mismatch is found in the timing of glacial termination VII. The relatively small chronological uncertainties (2–2.5 kyr at the 2σ level) associated with the reconstructed timing of glacial termination IX allow for a direct comparison with the last glacial termination, revealing remarkably similar lags behind orbital forcing, as both terminations share a similar orbital configuration but differ in the ice volumes at their preceding glacial maxima.
Neuron-inspired CsPbBr3/PDMS nanospheres for multi-dimensional sensing and interactive displays
Authors: Cai Junhu , Zhang Xiang , Chen Yu , Lai Wenzong , Ye Yun , Xu Sheng , Yan Qun , Guo Tailiang , Luo Jiajun , Chen Enguo
Published: January 2025

Multifunctional materials have attracted tremendous attention in intelligent and interactive devices. However, achieving multi-dimensional sensing capabilities with the same perovskite quantum dot (PQD) material is still in its infancy, with some considering it currently challenging and even unattainable. Drawing inspiration from neurons, a novel multifunctional CsPbBr3/PDMS nanosphere is devised to sense humidity, temperature, and pressure simultaneously with unique interactive responses. The carefully engineered polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) shell enables the reversible activity of the core CsPbBr3, serving a dual role similar to dendrites in conveying and evaluating external stimuli with high sensitivity. Molecular dynamics analysis reveals that the PDMS shell with proper pore density enhances the conductivity in water and heat, imparting CsPbBr3 with sensitive but reversible properties. By tailoring the crosslinking density of the PDMS shell, nanospheres can surprisingly show customized sensitivity and reversible responses to different level of stimuli, achieving over 95% accuracy in multi-dimensional and wide-range sensing. The regular pressure-sensitive property, discovered for the first time, is attributed to the regular morphology of the nanosphere, the inherent low rigidity of the PDMS shell, and the uniform distribution of the CsPbBr3 core material in combination. This study breaks away from conventional design paradigms of perovskite core-shell materials by customizing the cross-linked density of the shell material. The reversible response mechanism of nanospheres with gradient shell density is deeply explored in response to environmental stimuli, which offers fresh insights into multi-dimensional sensing and interactive display applications.
Engineering a membrane protein chaperone to ameliorate the proteotoxicity of mutant huntingtin
Authors: Oh Jeonghyun , Catherine Christy , Kim Eun Seon , Min Kwang Wook , Jeong Hae Chan , Kim Hyojin , Kim Mijin , Ahn Seung Hae , Lukianenko Nataliia , Jo Min Gu , Bak Hyeon Seok , Lim Sungsu , Kim Yun Kyung , Kim Ho Min , Lee Sung Bae , Cho Hyunju
Published: January 2025

Toxic protein aggregates are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington’s disease (HD). Since no current treatment delays the progression of HD, we develop a mechanistic approach to prevent mutant huntingtin (mHttex1) aggregation. Here, we engineer the ATP-independent cytosolic chaperone PEX19, which targets peroxisomal membrane proteins to peroxisomes, to remove mHttex1 aggregates. Using yeast toxicity-based screening with a random mutant library, we identify two yeast PEX19 variants and engineer equivalent mutations into human PEX19 (hsPEX19). These variants effectively delay mHttex1 aggregation in vitro and in cellular HD models. The mutated hydrophobic residue in the α4 helix of hsPEX19 variants binds to the N17 domain of mHttex1, thereby inhibiting the initial aggregation process. Overexpression of the hsPEX19-FV variant rescues HD-associated phenotypes in primary striatal neurons and in Drosophila. Overall, our data reveal that engineering ATP-independent membrane protein chaperones is a promising therapeutic approach for rational targeting of mHttex1 aggregation in HD.
Compositional data analysis enables statistical rigor in comparative glycomics
Authors: Bennett Alexander R. , Lundstrøm Jon , Chatterjee Sayantani , Thaysen-Andersen Morten , Bojar Daniel
Published: January 2025

Comparative glycomics data are compositional data, where measured glycans are parts of a whole, indicated by relative abundances. Applying traditional statistical analyses to these data often results in misleading conclusions, such as spurious “decreases” of glycans when other structures increase in abundance, or high false-positive rates for differential abundance. Our work introduces a compositional data analysis framework, tailored to comparative glycomics, to account for these data dependencies. We employ center log-ratio and additive log-ratio transformations, augmented with a scale uncertainty/information model, to introduce a statistically robust and sensitive data analysis pipeline. Applied to comparative glycomics datasets, including known glycan concentrations in defined mixtures, this approach controls false-positive rates and results in reproducible biological findings. Additionally, we present specialized analysis modalities: alpha- and beta-diversity analyze glycan distributions within and between samples, while cross-class glycan correlations shed light on previously undetected interdependencies. These approaches reveal insights into glycome variations that are critical to understanding roles of glycans in health and disease.
Investigation of the physicochemical factors affecting the in vitro digestion and glycemic indices of indigenous indica rice cultivars
Authors: Govindaraju Indira , Das Anusha R. , Chakraborty Ishita , Mal Sib Sankar , Sarmah Bhaswati , Baruah Vishwa Jyoti , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: January 2025

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a vital food crop and staple diet for most of the world’s population. Poor dietary choices have had a significant role in the development of type-2 diabetes in the population that relies on rice and rice-starch-based foods. Hence, our study investigated the in vitro digestion and glycemic indices of certain indigenous rice cultivars and the factors influencing these indices. Cooking properties of rice cultivars were estimated. Further, biochemical investgations such as amylose content, resistant starch content were estimated using iodine-blue complex method and megazyme kit respectively. The in vitro glycemic index was estimated using GOPOD method. The rice cultivars considered in our study were classified into low-, intermediate-, and high-amylose rice varieties. The rice cultivars were subjected to physicochemical characterization by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. FTIR spectral analysis revealed prominent bands at 3550-3200, 2927-2935, 1628-1650, 1420-1330, and 1300-1000 cm−1, which correspond to –OH groups, C=O, C=C, and C–OH stretches, and H–O–H and –CH bending vibrations, confirming the presence of starch, proteins, and lipids. Additionally, the FTIR ratio R(1047/1022) confirmed the ordered structure of the amylopectin. DSC analysis revealed variations in the gelatinization parameters, which signifies variations in the fine amylopectin structures and the degree of branching inside the starch granules. The percentage of resistant starch (RS) ranged from 0.50–2.6%. The swelling power (SP) of the rice flour ranged between 4.1 and 24.85 g/g. Furthermore, most of the rice cultivars are classified as having a high glycemic index (GI) based on the estimated in vitro GI (eGI), which varies from 73.74–90.88. The cooking properties of these materials were also investigated. Because the amylose content is one of the key factors for determining the cooking, eating, and digestibility properties of rice, we investigated the relationships between the amylose content and other biochemical characteristics of rice cultivars. The SP and GI were negatively correlated with the amylose content, whereas the RS had a positive relationship. The findings of our study can be beneficial in illustrating the nutritional profile and factors affecting the digestibility of traditional rice cultivars which will promote their consumption, cultivation, and contributes to future food security.
Pre-trained artificial intelligence-aided analysis of nanoparticles using the segment anything model
Authors: Monteiro Gabriel A. A. , Monteiro Bruno A. A. , dos Santos Jefersson A. , Wittemann Alexander
Published: January 2025

Complex structures can be understood as compositions of smaller, more basic elements. The characterization of these structures requires an analysis of their constituents and their spatial configuration. Examples can be found in systems as diverse as galaxies, alloys, living tissues, cells, and even nanoparticles. In the latter field, the most challenging examples are those of subdivided particles and particle-based materials, due to the close proximity of their constituents. The characterization of such nanostructured materials is typically conducted through the utilization of micrographs. Despite the importance of micrograph analysis, the extraction of quantitative data is often constrained. The presented effort demonstrates the morphological characterization of subdivided particles utilizing a pre-trained artificial intelligence model. The results are validated using three types of nanoparticles: nanospheres, dumbbells, and trimers. The automated segmentation of whole particles, as well as their individual subdivisions, is investigated using the Segment Anything Model, which is based on a pre-trained neural network. The subdivisions of the particles are organized into sets, which presents a novel approach in this field. These sets collate data derived from a large ensemble of specific particle domains indicating to which particle each subdomain belongs. The arrangement of subdivisions into sets to characterize complex nanoparticles expands the information gathered from microscopy analysis. The presented method, which employs a pre-trained deep learning model, outperforms traditional techniques by circumventing systemic errors and human bias. It can effectively automate the analysis of particles, thereby providing more accurate and efficient results.
Symmetry-governed dynamics of magnetic skyrmions under field pulses
Authors: Kuchkin Vladyslav M. , Barton-Singer Bruno , Bessarab Pavel F. , Kiselev Nikolai S.
Published: January 2025

Topological magnetic solitons, such as skyrmions, exhibit intriguing particle-like properties that make them attractive for fundamental research and practical applications. While many magnetic systems can host skyrmions as statically stable configurations, chiral magnets stand out for their ability to accommodate a wide diversity of skyrmions with arbitrary topological charges and varied morphologies. Despite extensive investigation, a complete understanding of chiral magnetic skyrmions has remained elusive. We present a classification of all chiral skyrmions, demonstrating three classes based on their response to external magnetic field pulses: stationary, translating, and rotating. We highlight the role of magnetic texture symmetry in this classification. Skyrmions with varied dynamics offer avenues for exploring phenomena like skyrmion-skyrmion scattering that might be crucial for future applications.
Red-light mediated formylation of indoles using a helical carbenium ion as a photoredox catalyst
Authors: Lal Nand , Deepshikha  , Singh Puja , Shaikh Aslam C.
Published: January 2025

A red-light (λ = 640 nm)-mediated C-3 formylation of indoles utilizing a helical carbenium ion as a photocatalyst and 2,2-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylethanamine as a formylating source is presented.
Interrupted borrowing hydrogen strategy enabled aminomethylation and direct cross-dehydrogenative coupling strategy enabled dicarbonylation reactions of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines
Authors: Mahajan Shivangani , Bag Debojyoti , Kour Harpreet , Sawant Sanghapal D.
Published: January 2025

Herein, we disclose the development of novel aminomethylation and dicarbonylation reactions of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines.
Controllable properties of NiO nanostructures fabricated by plasma assisted-chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Barreca Davide , Scattolin Enrico , Maccato Chiara , Gasparotto Alberto , Signorin Lorenzo , El Habra Naida , Šuligoj Andraž , Štangar Urška Lavrenčič , Rizzi Gian Andrea
Published: January 2025

NiO nanostructures fabricated on glass substrates at low temperatures by plasma assisted-vapor deposition offer amenable perspectives for the implementation of hydrophobic surfaces and the photodegradation of recalcitrant pollutants.
Retraction: Light-induced synthesis of unsymmetrical organic carbonates from alcohols, methanol and CO2 under ambient conditions
Authors: Saini Sandhya , Gour Nand Kishor , Khan Shafiur Rehman , Deka Ramesh Chandra , Jain Suman L
Published: January 2025

Retraction of ‘Light-induced synthesis of unsymmetrical organic carbonates from alcohols, methanol and CO2 under ambient conditions’ by Sandhya Saini et al., Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 12800–12803, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CC05833A.
Retraction: CO2 as oxidant: an unusual light-assisted catalyst free oxidation of aldehydes to acids under mild conditions
Authors: Khan Shafiur Rehman , Saini Sandhya , Naresh K. , Kumari Alka , Aniya Vineet , Khatri Praveen K. , Ray Anjan , Jain Suman L.
Published: January 2025

Retraction of ‘CO2 as oxidant: an unusual light-assisted catalyst free oxidation of aldehydes to acids under mild conditions’ by Shafiur Rehman Khan et al., Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 2208–2211, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CC06057K.
A comparative study of edge-selective and face-specific growth of PdAg alloys on au nanoplates and their applications for the ethanol oxidation reaction
Authors: An Yanpei , Wang Yingying , Min Yuanyuan , Guo Xiaoyi , Ma Yanyun , Tao Xian-Sen , Li Xianhong , Zheng Yiqun
Published: January 2025

Au–PdAg hybrid nanoplates with two distinct morphologies are fabricated through site-specific deposition, exhibiting promising use in EOR electrocatalysis.
Expansion counteraction effect assisted vanadate with rich oxygen vacancies as a high cycling stability cathode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Xie Xiao-Luan , Li Yi-Fan , Wang Cheng , Gu Da-Wei , Wang Lei , Qiao Qiao , Zou Yang , Yao Zhi-Yuan , Shen Lin-Jiang , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: January 2025

The nanoscale vanadate cathode with abundant oxygen vacancies exhibits high cycle stability for aqueous zinc-ion batteries assisted by an expansion counteraction effect.
In-situ growth of N-doped bamboo-like carbon nanotubes embedded with FeNi nanoparticles on carbon cloth as self-standing cathode for efficient rechargeable zinc-air battery
Authors: Yu Nengfei , Shu Xiaoyan , Yang Yuanjiang , Wang Hong-Hui , Huang Qinghong , Tian Na , Ye Jilei , Wu Yu-Ping
Published: January 2025

In-situ growth of N-doped bamboo-like carbon nanotubes embedded with FeNi nanoparticles on carbon cloth (FeNi@NBCNTs/CC) is reported and direct application of FeNi@NBCNTs/CC as self-standing bifunctional air cathodes in rechargeable zinc-air...
Unveiling the multifaceted bioactivity of copper(ii)–Schiff base complexes: a comprehensive study of antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic potentials with DFT insights
Authors: Dhanya T. M. , Prathapachandra Kurup M. R. , Rajimon K. J. , Anjali Krishna G. , Varughese Jibin K. , Raghu K. G. , Philip Sachin , Divya K. M. , Augustine Maria , Mohanan P. V.
Published: January 2025

The rise of various diseases demands the development of new agents with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, enzyme-inhibiting, and cytotoxic properties.
Effect of growth dynamics on the structural, photophysical and pseudocapacitance properties of famatinite copper antimony sulphide colloidal nanostructures (including nanosheets)
Authors: Weston Kimberly , Taylor Richard A. , Kisslinger Kim , Mantripragada Shobha
Published: January 2025

This study shows the tunable optical and pseudocapacitance properties of off-stoichiometric famatinite phase Cu3−aSb1+bS4±c nanostructures, relating morphology, point defects, and phase quality to applications in solar energy and energy storage.
A rare case of a zero-field single-ion magnet in a cerium(iii) pseudo-icosahedral complex
Authors: Thomas Jarrod R. , Giansiracusa Marcus J. , Mifsud Jonathan T. , Mole Richard A. , Sulway Scott A.
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of the isomorphous series [Ln(Tp2-Fu)2]I (1-Ln, Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd) is reported, with a rare case of zero-field single-ion magnetic behaviour in 1-Ce producing one of the highest energies barriers to slow magnetic relaxation in cerium-based complexes.
Expression of concern: Nanocrystalline starch grafted palladium(ii) complex for the Mizoroki–Heck reaction
Authors: Verma Sanny , Le Bras Jean , Jain Suman L. , Muzart Jacques
Published: January 2025

Expression of concern for ‘Nanocrystalline starch grafted palladium(ii) complex for the Mizoroki–Heck reaction’ by Sanny Verma et al., Dalton Trans., 2013, 42, 14454–14459, https://doi.org/10.1039/C3DT51685G.
Retraction: Dual catalysis with magnetic chitosan: direct synthesis of cyclic carbonates from olefins with carbon dioxide using isobutyraldehyde as the sacrificial reductant
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Singhal Nikita , Singh Raj K. , Gupta Piyush , Singh Raghuvir , Jain Suman L.
Published: January 2025

Retraction of ‘Dual catalysis with magnetic chitosan: direct synthesis of cyclic carbonates from olefins with carbon dioxide using isobutyraldehyde as the sacrificial reductant’ by Subodh Kumar et al., Dalton Trans., 2015, 44, 11860–11866, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5DT01012H.
Microcontaminants and microplastics in water from the textile sector: a review and a database of physicochemical properties, use in the textile process, and ecotoxicity data for detected chemicals
Authors: Gambino Isabella , Terzaghi Elisa , Baldini Enrica , Bergna Giovanni , Palmisano Giovanni , Di Guardo Antonio
Published: January 2025

Microcontaminants and microplastics are released at every stage of production and use and end up in wastewater treatment plants and eventually in surface waters.
A vacancy-rich Sn–P–I catalyst for highly efficient black phosphorus preparation and catalytic mechanistic investigation
Authors: Zhao Junping , Zhao Pengwei , Du Guobin , Li Shaobo , Fan Xiaobin , Xie Delong , Zhu Yuanzhi , Mei Yi
Published: January 2025

Black phosphorus (BP) possesses unique physicochemical properties with broad application potential, but its synthesis is hindered by high reaction temperatures and long reaction times.
Retraction: Metal-free, redox-neutral, and visible light-triggered coupling of CO2 with epoxides to cyclic carbonates at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Saini Sandhya , Rehman Khan Shafiur , Kishor Gour Nand , Chandra Deka Ramesh , Jain Suman L.
Published: January 2025

Retraction of ‘Metal-free, redox-neutral, and visible light-triggered coupling of CO2 with epoxides to cyclic carbonates at atmospheric pressure’ by Sandhya Saini et al., Green Chem., 2022, 24, 3644–3650, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC00680D.
Nano- and ultra-dispersed ZnO and ZnFe2O4 on graphitic carbon nitride as photoelectrocatalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Sturaro Tommaso , Benedet Mattia , Brugia Mattia , Marchiori Giacomo , Rizzi Gian Andrea , Gasparotto Alberto , Barreca Davide , Lebedev Oleg I. , Maccato Chiara
Published: January 2025

Graphitic carbon nitrides on flexible carbon cloths, functionalized with ultra-dispersed zinc oxide and zinc ferrite, are proposed as green and economically viable electrocatalysts for photo-assisted ethanol oxidation.
A PVP-stabilized cerium oxide–platinum nanocomposite synthesized in TEG: pro-/antioxidant activities
Authors: Zholobak Nadiia M. , Dubova Iryna V. , Deineko Anastasiia , Kalinovych Viacheslav , Nováková Jaroslava , Matolínová Iva , Prince Kevin C. , Skála Tomáš , Shcherbakov Alexander B. , Tsud Nataliya
Published: January 2025

Non-stoichiometric nano-CeO2 shows peroxidase activity both in flask and in vitro; under Fenton-like conditions the effect is reversed: pro-oxidant in flask and protective in vitro. The addition of nano-Pt to CeO2 enhances the effects in all cases.
Block copolymer-assembled nanopore arrays enable ultrasensitive label-free DNA detection
Authors: Fornerod Maximiliano Jesus Jara , Alvarez-Fernandez Alberto , Füredi Máté , Rajendran Anandapadmanabhan A , Prieto-Simón Beatriz , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Guldin Stefan
Published: January 2025

Block copolymer self-assembly enables precise thin-film materials architectures on electrodes for nanopore blockage-based electrochemical DNA detection. This scalable method achieves 30 fM sensitivity in under 20 minutes, advancing portable and accurate biosensing technologies.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of blue-emitting plastic scintillators with fast-timing properties
Authors: Yang Hang , Bi Yutie , Gao Yan , Zhu Jiayi , Lei Ting , Ren Hongbo
Published: January 2025

A blue-emitting plastic scintillator featured with short decay lifetime is investigated based on theoretical insights and experimental validation.
A benzothiazole-modified quinoline Schiff base fluorescent probe for selective detection of Zn2+ ions, DFT studies and its application in live cell imaging
Authors: Chen Yutian , Ma Yingying , Li Lin , Sang Wuhan , Feng Sicheng , Wang Yanqin , Zhang Caihua , Yang Shilong , Xu Li , Lu Wen
Published: January 2025

A benzothiazole-modified quinoline Schiff base fluorescence probe TQ was designed synthesized to detect Zn2+ in living cells and real water samples.
Molecular mechanisms behind the anti corona virus activity of small metal oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Greijer Björn , Nefedova Alexandra , Agback Tatiana , Agback Peter , Kisand Vambola , Rausalu Kai , Vanetsev Alexander , Seisenbaeva Gulaim A. , Ivask Angela , Kessler Vadim G.
Published: January 2025

The activity of small non-photoactive titania nanoparticles against corona viruses emerges due most probably to direct membrane disruption via complexation with phospholipid molecules and their subsequent removal.
Polymeric mixed ionic–electronic conductors based on quinoid–azaisoindigo for n-type organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Tan Juntao , Wang Yiming , Zhu Xiuyuan , Duan Jiayao , Liu Riping , Chen Chaoyue , Ran Chong , Li Zhengke , Ai Bin , Yue Wan
Published: January 2025

A novel electron-deficient quinoid–azaisoindigo building block was synthesized for a series of alternative D–A conjugated polymers, applied as the channel layer in n-type OECTs, achieving a mix conducting figure of merit μC* of 0.53 F V−1 cm−1 s−1.
Schiff bases targeting an Sw-480 colorectal cell line: synthesis, characterization, ds-DNA binding and anticancer studies
Authors: Nasir Hammad , Abbas Naeem , Arfan Muhammad , Aftab Usman , Rafi Ali , Hafeez Hamna , Latif Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Synthesis, characterization, ds-DNA binding and anticancer studies of synthesized Schiff base.
Revelation of the photoexcitation mechanism of COF-DFB materials based on first principles
Authors: Su Huanjun , Zhang Yumeng , Shi Weili , Shi Haoyang , Liu Yani , Lin Ying
Published: January 2025

The stable molecular structure of COF-DFB was obtained by first principles calculation, the distribution characteristics of electrons and holes in the excited state were studied, and the ultraviolet–visible spectra were simulated through analysis.
Highly efficient cobalt-modified hopcalite catalysts prepared through crednerite–spinel transformation
Authors: Svintsitskiy D. A. , Kvasova E. S. , Kardash T. Yu. , Sokovikov N. A. , Stonkus O. A. , Boronin A. I.
Published: January 2025

The crednerite → spinel transformation might be considered as a successful approach for the preparation of Cu–Mn hopcalite catalysts modified with additional metal cations for various catalytic applications, including low temperature oxidation.
Thiosemicarbazones as versatile photoswitches with light-controllable supramolecular activity
Authors: Sentürk Bengi , Butschke Burkhard , Eisenreich Fabian
Published: January 2025

Thiosemicarbazones exhibit versatile photochromic and supramolecular properties, making them excellent photoswitches for designing systems that respond to external stimuli.
Instabilities, thermal fluctuations, defects and dislocations in the crystal–RI–RII rotator phase transitions of n-alkanes
Authors: Ganguly Soumya Kanti , Mukherjee Prabir K.
Published: January 2025

The theoretical study of instabilities, thermal fluctuations, and topological defects in the crystal–rotator-I–rotator-II (X–RI–RII) phase transitions of n-alkanes has been conducted.