COMBINED EXERCISE TRAINING ATENUATES THE ONSET OF CARDIOMETABOLIC AND AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTIONS IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: da Silva Dias Danielle , Bernardes Nathalia , Conti Filipe Fernandes , de Oliveira Brito Janaina , Santos Fernando , Araujo Amanda Aparecida , Oliveira Danielle Martins , Frisene Natália , Irigoyen Maria Cláudia , De Angelis Kátia 
Published: November 2023

The aim of the present study was evaluated the impact of combined physical training on the onset of cardiometabolic and autonomic complications induced by fructose overload in hypertensive rats. Hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into 3 groups: sedentary hypertensive (H), sedentary (HF) or trained (HFTC) SHR exposed to fructose overload in drinking water (10%). The groups were divided into subgroups (n=6) that were evaluated at 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of protocol. Combined exercise training (aerobic+resistance) was performed on treadmill+ladder (40–60% of maximum tests). Metabolic parameters were evaluated (body weight, glucose, triglycerides and insulin resistance). Arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were direct recording in awake rats. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation was analyzed in time and frequency domain. The metabolic profile demonstrated that the HF group showed increased visceral white adipose tissue (HF:1.91±0.10 vs. H:1.61±0.11 and HFTC:1.42±0.13 g) and insulin resistance (HF:3.15±0.2 vs. H:3.96±0.1 and HFTC:4.32±0.2 mg/dl/%) in 60 days compared to group H and HFTC. The HF group increase of triglycerides compared to H group at 30 days (HF:140.1±4.5 vs. H:107.7±5.7 mg/dl) and 60 days (HF:139.1±6.4 vs. H:105.7±5.3 mg/dl). Triglycerides were lower in HFTC group (107±8.1 mg/dl) compared to HF group at 60 days. HF group showed an additional increase in AP at 30 and 60 days in the SHR (HF30: 153±3.6 and HF60: 184±3.5 vs. H30:119±3.4 and H60:141±3.2 mmHg). The HFTC group reduced AP at 30 and 60 days (HFTC:142±8.2 and 167±5.8 mmHg, respectively) when compared to HF group. There was no significant difference in HR between the groups. The vascular sympathetic modulation (LF‐SAP) was higher in HF group in relation to H and HFTC groups at 60 days (11.1±1.9 vs. 6.1±1.3 and 7.2±1.1 mmHg2, respectively). Regarding cardiac autonomic modulation the HF group had increase in LF‐PI, representative of cardiac sympathetic modulation, when compared to H group (0.83±0.09 vs. 0.37±0.03 ms2, respectively) in 15 days of protocol, which was not observed in HFTC group. HFTC presented increased in total variance of PI (54.1±9.1 vs. 28.4±5.8 ms2, respectively) and reduced LF‐PI when compared to the HF group after 60 days of fructose overload. In conclusion, fructose overload induced progressive dysfunctions, as evidenced by metabolic and hemodynamic impairment since 30 days. These alterations were probably trigged by an impairment on cardiovascular autonomic modulation, demonstrated by an increase on cardiac sympathetic modulation since 15 days of fructose overload. On the other hand, the combined exercise training appears to be effective on prevention of such dysfunctions.

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FAPESP: 2015/11223‐6, CAPES‐PROSUP (1277269), UNINOVE