bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Didática e Rendimento Escolar no Ensino Fundamental/ Teaching and School Performance in Elementary School
Authors: Gonzaga Mário Jorge De Araújo , Sarmento Wanderneide Ribeiro , França Andressa Nunes Pereira de , Costa Neto Luis Soares da Costa Neto Soares da , Timóteo Emídia Inácio , Lopes Raimundo Edilberto Moreira
Published: March 2022

Resumo: O baixo rendimento escolar é uma preocupação constante dos educadores e gestores escolares, e da sociedade de uma maneira geral, pois é uma das manifestações mais evidentes das dificuldades de aprendizagem. Este estudo tentou traçar um paralelo entre a didática do professor e o rendimento escolar do aluno, observando até que ponto o primeiro tem influência no segundo, de maneira que possamos melhorar, cada vez mais, o desafiante quadro educacional atual.  Os resultados nos levaram a crer que há dois contextos a serem encarados com firmeza. Há que se enfrentar a situação com políticas públicas mais adequadas a educação (com jornadas, salários e capacitação didática constante) e, favorecer também os contextos individualizados das escolas, tirando-se proveito da estrutura existente, aproximando a família e criando melhores condições de atendimento às necessidades individuais dos próprios alunos. Portanto, as escolas paraibanas, de uma maneira geral, devem considerar um investimento forte no cante ao desenvolvimento de metodologias, material didático e formação dos professores, de forma a dedicar aos seus alunos um atendimento mais adequado aos seus interesses.Palavras-chave: Rendimento escolar, Didática, Aprendizagem. Abstract: Low school performance is a constant concern of educators and school managers, and of society in general, as it is one of the most evident manifestations of learning difficulties. This study tried to draw a parallel between the teacher's didactics and the student's academic performance, observing to what extent the first influences the second, so that we can improve, more and more, the current challenging educational framework. The results led us to believe that there are two contexts to be faced firmly. It is necessary to face the situation with public policies that are more adequate to education (with working hours, salaries, and constant didactic training) and to favor the individualized contexts of schools, taking advantage of the existing structure, bringing the family closer and creating better conditions of service. to the individual needs of the students themselves. Therefore, schools in Paraíba, in general, should consider a strong investment in singing the development of methodologies, didactic material and teacher training, to dedicate to their students a service more suited to their interests.Keywords: School Performance, Teaching, Learning.
Re-Construto de Juventude e Escolarização nas Políticas Educacionais Brasileiras: Reflexões / Re-Construction of Youth and Schooling in Brazilian Educational Policies: Reflections
Authors: Purificação Marcelo Máximo
Published: March 2022

Resumo: Este ensaio emerge de parte das leituras e discussões realizadas na disciplina “Temas Contemporâneos em Educação”, desenvolvidas no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em nível doutoramento, da Universidade Luterana do Brasil – ULBRA. Integra dialogicamente dois importantes conceitos - juventude e escolarização -, vistos a partir de aspectos sociais, culturais e políticos do contexto brasileiro.Palavras-chave: Juventude; Escolarização; Políticas Educacionais; Cultura. Abstract: This essay in emergency education developed in the subject “Contemporary Issues in Postgraduate Education in the Postgraduate Program in Education in Brazil – ULBRA. It dialogically integrates two important concepts - youth and schooling - seen from the social, cultural and political aspects of the Brazilian context.Keywords: Youth; schooling; Educational Policies; Culture.
Proposituras de Interculturalidade na BNCC como procedimento para uma Educação Literária / Propositions of Interculturality in the BNCC as a procedure for Literary Education
Authors: Silva Fernanda Rayana Barbosa , Nóbrega Maria Marta Dos Santos Silva
Published: March 2022

RESUMO: A escolarização da relação entre texto literário e leitor constitui-se fundamento básico de uma educação literária, o que exige, efetivamente, a presença da leitura literária na Escola, de modo a despertar a sensibilidade do leitor, permitindo-lhe aproximar de situações que ele não conhece. A interculturalidade, por defender o respeito as semelhanças e diferenças, pode ser um caminho metodológico para tal vivência. O artigo tem como objeto de estudo as proposituras que a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) apresenta para o campo artístico-literário com vistas a analisar aquelas que mais privilegiam um diálogo intercultural como forma de possibilitar a ampliação do repertório cultural e literário do educando em processo de formação e educação literária.Abstract: The schooling of the relationship between literary text and reader constitutes the basic foundation of a literary education, which effectively requires the presence of literary reading in the School, in order to awaken the reader's sensitivity, allowing him to approach situations that he doesn't know. Interculturality, by defending respect for similarities and differences, can be a methodological path for such an experience. The article has as its object of study the propositions that the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) presents to the artistic-literary field with a view to analyzing those that most privilege an intercultural dialogue as a way of enabling the expansion of the cultural and literary repertoire of the student in process of formation and literary education. Keywords: Literary education; BNCC; Reader training.
O Cuidado com o Doente Mental à partir do olhar do Cuidador / Care for the Mentally Ill from the Caregiver's point of view
Authors: Oliveira Nicácia Souza , Alencar Francisca Silva de , Teixeira Paulo Tadeu Ferreira
Published: March 2022

Resumo: Este estudo é uma investigação das representações sociais de doença mental em familiares de pacientes psiquiátricos. Metodologicamente, aplicou-se um questionário de levantamento de conceitos, opiniões e sentimentos em 29 sujeitos, com parentes- em uma instituição psiquiátrica no Sul do Ceará, em 2020. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, segundo Bardin, tendo como suporte referencial teórico-metodológico a teoria moscoviciana de representação social. A análise dos dados possibilitou a estruturação das representações sociais acerca de doença mental (DM), elabora- das pelos familiares dos internos, em três categorias – 1º – a concepção que os sujeitos têm de doença mental, de que se sobressaíram duas subcategorias: Moral e Mística. 2º – a concepção que os sujeitos têm do Tipo de Pessoa que tem doença mental: Pessoa perigosa e Pessoa como outra qualquer; 3º – a concepção que os sujeitos têm da consequência que advém da Doença Mental para o portador desta enfermidade. A maioria dos sujeitos revelou que o restabelecimento da saúde do enfermo e a sua aposentadoria facilitariam o acompanhamento. As respostas definem um desejo dos sujeitos com relação à recuperação e à possibilidade de se oferecerem condições dignas de tratamento, através de uma melhoria das condições financeiras deles.Palavras-Chave: Representações Sociais; Doença Mental; Família. Abstract: This study is an investigation of the social representations of mental illness in relatives of psychiatric patients. Methodologically, a questionnaire was applied to survey concepts, opinions and feelings in 29 subjects, with relatives from a psychiatric institution in the south of Ceará, in 2020. The data were submitted to content analysis, according to Bardin, having as referential support theoretical-methodological the moscovician theory of social representation. Data analysis enabled the structuring of social representations about mental illness (MD), elaborated by the inmates' relatives, in three categories – 1st – the subjects' conception of mental illness, of which two subcategories stood out: Moral and Mystique. 2nd – the conception that the subjects have of the Type of Person who has mental illness: Dangerous Person and Person like any other; 3rd – the conception that the subjects have of the consequence that comes from the Mental Illness for the bearer of this illness. Most subjects revealed that the restoration of the sick person's health and his/her retirement would facilitate the follow-up. The answers define a desire of the subjects in relation to recovery and the possibility of offering worthy conditions of treatment, through an improvement of their financial conditions.Keywords: Social Representations; Mental disease; Family.
An Inlet Flow Angle Effect on a Horse-Shoe Vortex Formation
Authors: Flídr E. , Jelínek T. , Ilich Z. , Němec M.
Published: March 2022

The static pressure distribution on the end-wall of a linear blade cascade for different inlet flow angles is investigated in this contribution. The experiments were performed for constant values of Reynolds number (Re2,is = 4.5 × 105) and Mach number (M2,is = 0.4). These data are presented in the form of static pressure gradients. The obtained quantitative results are supported by surface flow visualization.
The Decay of Turbulence Generated by Square Grid and Spaced Square Grid
Authors: Mahjoub O. Ben , Ouadoud A. , Redondo J. M.
Published: March 2022

Fractal grids generate multi-scale turbulent flows which interact with each other and form new multi-scales with different properties compared with those generated by classical grids. The goal of this work was to study the influence of geometry multiscale fractal on the generation and decay of turbulence by comparing the turbulence produced by a traditional fractal square grid FSG for short to that produced by a spaced fractal square grid SFSG for short with similar physical properties. The velocity measurements were performed in an open circuit suction type wind tunnel using a constant temperature hot wire anemometer at various positions in the x direction along the tunnel’s center line and for three different Reynolds numbers ReL0 based on the inlet velocity U? and the length of the largest grid bar L0. It was found that the turbulence intensity decays with distance from the grid for SFSG. Whereas, for FSG at low Reynolds numbers the turbulence intensity shows the same behaviour as for SFSG but for higher Reynolds numbers the turbulence intensity increases to reach a peak at a distance xpeak from the grid and then decays. In the inhomogeneous region, for both types of grids, a scaling range spans over a decade with an exponent near, but not exactly, k?5/3. In contrast, the length of the scaling range larger for FSG than for SFSG.
Dynamic Mode Decompositions of Phonation Onset – Comparison of Different Methods
Authors: Valášek Jan , Sváček Petr
Published: March 2022

Four dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) methods are used to analyze a simulation of the phonation onset carried out by in-house solver based on the nite element method. The dataset consists of several last periods of the flow-induced vibrations of vocal folds (VFs). The DMD is a data-driven and model-free method typically used for finding a low-rank representation of a high-dimensional system. In general, the DMD decomposes a given dataset to modes with mono-frequency content and associated complex eigenvalues providing the growth/decay rate that allows a favourable physical interpretation and in some cases also a short-term prediction of system behaviour. The disadvantages of the standard DMD are non-orthogonal modes and sensitivity to an increased noise level which are addressed by following DMD variants. The recursive DMD (rDMD) is an iterative DMD decomposition producing orthogonal modes. The total least-square DMD and the higher order DMD (hoDMD) are methods substantially reducing a high DMD sensitivity to noise. All methods identi ed very similar DMD modes as well as frequency spectra. Substantial difference was found in the real part of the spectra. The nal dataset reconstruction is the most accurate in the case of the recursive variant. The higher order DMD method also outperforms the standard DMD. Thus the rDMD and the hoDMD decompositions are promising to be used further for the parametrization of a VF motion.
Der europäische Weg
Authors: Cieslewicz Kira , Lang Daniel , Barth Matthias
Published: March 2022

Für eine nachhaltige Zukunftsgestaltung spielt es eine zentrale Rolle, Digitalisierung in den Dienst einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung zu stellen. Neben dem chinesischen und dem US‑amerikanischen Modell bleibt die Frage offen, ob sich hierfür ein alternativer, spezifisch europäischer Weg der Digitalisierung herausbilden kann.
Circular business models
Authors: Nießen Laura , Bocken Nancy
Published: March 2022

Circular thinking is a great potential for business development. How can companies implement circular business models? Examples of diverse models show how they can promote sufficiency to customers.
Reconciling Growth and Sustainability through Circular Economy?
Authors: Wiesemann Eva , Schmidt Sabrina , Rubik Frieder
Published: March 2022

With its promise of decoupling economic growth from resource use, the Circular Economy is gaining momentum in policy and businesses. But to live up to this promise, the gap between intention and implementation must be negotiated.
Shaping business sector transformations
Authors: Heyen Dirk Arne
Published: March 2022

The climate crisis requires a transformation towards a climate-neutral economy. This implies considerable pressure for business sectors with a high carbon footprint. The key challenge here is to shape the structural change in a way that is ecologically, economically and socially successful.
Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Tingkat Aktivitas Fisik dengan Kontrol Glikemik Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Authors: Putri Marisa Gita , Nugroho Heri , Adi Mateus Sakundarno
Published: March 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is still a serious health problem in the world. Type 2 DM results from ineffective use of insulin by the body. Most people with type 2 diabetes worldwide are the result of being overweight and lacking physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of body mass index and physical activity with the glycemic control of type 2 DM patients.Methods: This study used an observational study with a cross sectional design conducted at the Panti Wilasa Citarum Hospital in Semarang. The population in this study were outpatients at Panti Wilasa Citarum Hospital with a sample of 74 people. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling. Measurement of glycemic levels with HbA1c, body mass index based on weight and height, and physical activity with the PAR-WHO questionnaire. Data analysis uses the Spearman Rank correlation test. Result: From 74 research respondents found 52.7% of respondents had bad glycemic control. There is a relationship between body mass index and poor glycemic control (p = 0.041). There is no relationship between physical activity and poor glycemic control (p = 0.437).Conclusion: The advice given for respondents is to be able to maintain their diet and increase physical activity by exercising regularly.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kualitas Hidup Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) di Yayasan Sehat Peduli Kasih, Kota Semarang
Authors: Monasel Ausy Hawais , Susanto Henry Setyawan , Yuliawati Sri , Sutiningsih Dwi
Published: March 2022

Background: HIV/AIDS is still considered as a deadly and hard to be cured disease by the society and therefore raises negative perceptions towards People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). These negative perceptions can influence the quality of life of PLWHA, where the worse quality of life that they have, the greater chances for them to develop AIDS. This study aims to analyze the factors associated to the quality of life of PLWHA.Methods: The population of this study is PLWHA in Semarang City who are currently undergoing ART therapy and are under the assistance of Yayasan Sehat Peduli Kasih. The study was conducted on October – November 2020 towards 70 subjects whom were chosen using the purposive sampling technique. Instrument used for this study was online questionnaires. Data were analyzed with univariate and bivariate analysis using a chi-square test.Result: The results showed that 54.3% of the subjects were having poor quality of life. Factors that are associated with the quality of life of PLWHA are income level (p=0.009), duration of diagnosis (p=0.004), duration of ART therapy (p=0.002), level of family support (p=0.007), level of stigma (p<0.001) and level of depression (p<0.001). Meanwhile gender, age, marital status, education level, employment status and the level of medication adherence did not associate with the quality of life of PLWHA.Conclusion : Based on these results, it is recommended to conduct a comprehensive social activity that is focused on improving the mental health and the quality of life of PLWHA where all patients with any backgrounds could freely participate.
Early fattening and improving feeding quality of Kejobong goats could reduce methane production and improve meat production
Authors: Restitrisnani V. , Pangestu E. , Rianto E. , Kurihara M. , Nabila F. , Adiwinarti R. , Purnomoadi A.
Published: March 2022

An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the implication of early fattening of Kejobong goats by improving feeding quality on methane production and meat production. Sixteen goats (8 young and 8 mature) were raised for 4 months study period. Nested design was used in this study, with young and mature as a nest factor, and diet (G7C3: 70% grass and 30% concentrate and G3C7: 30% grass and 70% concentrate) as the treatments. The main parameters observed were DMI, BWG, carcass (CWG) and meat weight gain (MWG), and methane emission. The results showed, the young goat fed G3C7 was higher than that fed G7C3 in DMI. The BWG’s of goats fed G3C7 were higher than those fed G7C3, but there was no difference between ages in BWG. The FCR of young goat fed G3C7 was lower than that fed G7C3. The DMI of mature goat was higher than young goat, but there were no differences between the ages in DM digestibility, carcass weight and meat weight gain. The young and mature goats fed G3C7 was significantly lower than that of G7C3 in methane emissions per unit of BWG (0.28 vs 0.40 and 0.36 vs 0.53, respectively), in methane emissions per unit CWG (0.60 vs 0.93 and 0.79 vs 1.47, respectively), and methane emission per unit MWG (0.89 vs 1.42 and 1.16 vs 2.19, respectively). It can be concluded that fattening young Kejobong goats by improving feed quality is more environmentally friendly than fattening the mature ones.
Ansoff’s Strategic Turbulence Model: Why It’s Important to Marketing Strategy
Authors: Kipley Dan , Helm-Stevens Roxanne , Skalnik Patricia
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this paper is to briefly introduce the reader to Ansoffian strategy and the concepts of environmental turbulence and examine their impact on marketing strategy. The authors overlay Ansoff’s identification of turbulence levels to marketing strategy as a dynamic synergy of management processes and innovation which depends on a firm’s posturing to address marketing aggressiveness and environmental turbulence.  

 

Within the environmental turbulence model, Ansoff puts forth that the third level is where marketing becomes a critical functional activity of strategic success and where customers and competitors are factors in the environmental turbulence.   Advancing to levels four and five, firms must now integrate the latest technologies and processes required to facilitate and create innovation in response to a faster-moving, dynamic, and surpriseful environment. Ansoff described the changing turbulence levels as increasing unpredictability, novelty, and complex, especially when considering movement from his level four (exploring) turbulence level to a level five (creative and “surpriseful”).  

 

When the environment shifts to the highest level of disruption-discontinuity where change is occurring faster and more surpriseful, a firm must adopt a heightened level of strategic aggressiveness into the organizational structure and rapidly adapt marketing postures and strategies to reposition the firm’s marketing mix to optimize opportunities and mitigate change threats. Through the lens of discontinuous environmental turbulence, the authors explore recent and extant research and unravel how new strategic marketing principles align with the foundational tenets of Ansoff’s strategic diagnosis and gap analysis methodology by analyzing the internal environment and comparing it to the external environment. Additionally, the researchers explore how the greater the “gap” between capabilities and marketing strategy, the more the firm needs to perform a realignment of itself to mitigate the impending effects of the environmental turbulence pressures.
Sustainability and Climate Change Will Become Game Changers – Shortly
Authors: Novak David
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Status regarding climate change and needed activities - The 2015 Paris Agreement was the first global climate conference to set binding targets that must be implemented. Climate change must be combated globally, based on the UN guidelines on the sustainability triangle and the 17 goals. The necessary changes in technologies will affect everyone, regardless of whether they are business (in- cluding SMEs there), society / politics and climate protection / sustainability. In the energy sector (production, distribution and application) in particular, massive changes will have to be made as part of the imperative to decarbonize.

Design / methodology / approach: The goal was to write a short report on the status quo in the area of sustainability and anthropogenic climate change and also to add a vision of how it could look like to- day and possibly at the end of the 21st century based on the current state of knowledge.

Findings: Climate protection and sustainability will increasingly have to be implemented and lived, which is particularly challenging for young people. The energy sector will therefore have to go through the greatest transformation in a necessarily short time that has ever happened. The energy strategies of the future, based on decarbonization, will have to realign themselves with new energy sources such as hydrogen H2 and their new generation countries with sun and wind.

Affected countries: Numerous countries, which are offered these geographical opportunities, become winners in the new competition for income from energy generation, largely paid for by industrialized countries that lack enough free space for wind and solar energy. Emerging and developing countries that are still poor today are opening up unimagined opportunities for high income from hard curren- cies.

Research / Future / Practical Implications: Visions based on the coming energy transition can be derived from this. It will be by far the largest investment in an industry in a short period of time that can probably only be paid for and controlled by the World Bank and the central banks. It will be a gi- gantic and expensive challenge for everyone involved (state, economy, population). Not to do so would become even more expensive in the long term, not to mention the catastrophic effects, specifi- cally also on humanity. So if we don't have a choice - let's go for it!

Originality / value: There is currently very little scientific and even less empirical literature on this entire area. Nevertheless, or precisely because of the massive time pressure imposed by politics and for humanity worldwide, it has to be written and reported on scientifically.
Urbanization in China and the role of social and natural capital in land acquisition and transfer arrangements
Authors: Feng Haying
Published: March 2022

The paper is in several parts. We explain the context of the study area that is characterized by land acquisition and transfer (LAT) by local government (often against the wishes of the local villagers). We report on a methodology that is simple, yet robust, that enables local land users and other interested parties to quantify the social capital of local people in rural and peri-urban areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR) and assess the extent to which social capital influences the bargaining power of land users when faced with acquisition of their cropland, grazing land, woodlands, water and other environmental goods and services. Finally, we explore the notion that social capital can be a force to create a more even playing field and influence the outcomes of land grab for industrial, infrastructure and urban development.

Interest in the concept of social capital and its application has increased rapidly over the past few years with the realization that social bonds and norms are important for achieving sustainability.  Ferdinand Tönnies identified the value of the ideas surrounding social capital as early as 1887, but later scholars gave it a theoretical framework.  Social capital implies that there are aspects of social structure and organization that act as resources for individuals, allowing them to realize their personal aims and interests. Often, social capital is defined as trust, norms of reciprocity, and networks among individuals that can be drawn upon for individual or collective benefit. Social capital is different between urbanites and rural dwellers, especially farmers.

In this paper, we focus on how social capital serves the interests of individuals or collectives.  Social capital based on kinship and geopolitical position plays an important role in affecting rural land transfer. Rural land transfer (also called LAT) is becoming a highly contested matter as China moves to implement its plan to increase the proportion of urban dwellers to 70% by 2030(Ma et al., 2018). Natural capital (a sub-set of social capital) should always be maintained as it is critical to sustainable economic development representing, as it does, a multidimensional concept that mirrors the different frameworks of various scientific disciplines and social groups used in valuing nature. Widespread and rampant LAT that accompanies accelerated economic development in peri-urban and rural areas (Ma et al., 2018) needs to take critical natural capital into account.
Port capacity expansion under real options approach: a case study in Brazil
Authors: Assis Ana Carolina Velloso , Silva Rafael Igrejas , Gomes Luiz Flavio Autran Monteiro , Gonçalves Edson Daniel Lopes
Published: March 2022

Investments in port container terminals are sensitive to uncertainties. Public investments in infrastructure have been significantly reduced in the last decade in developing countries. The Brazilian government infrastructure investment was only 1.85 % of GDP in 2019, representing the lowest level in the last fifty years. Nonetheless, the regulatory framework of the port sector in Brazil has undergone significant changes over time, increasing the number of private port container terminal leases. The expansion capacity of the private port facilities is strongly linked to the demand uncertainty, which impacts the financial return to the long run. In this scenario, the uncertainty of global cargo transportation can discourage infrastructure investments in this class of project in Brazil. To overcome these issues, the financial modelling applying real options approach is better suited than the traditional valuation methods based on Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis. The present study aims to value flexibilities of anticipating, or postponing, or interrupting investments of an existing operational port terminal in Brazil with expansion capacity under the demand uncertainty. The financial decision to invest in a port expansion is modeled by an American option. The results demonstrate that the investor adds significant value to the project by having the possibility to postpone investments. The proposed model presents the contribution of optimizing the decision of sequential expansions of capacity in port terminals, at any time and according to scenarios' revelation. In addition, the model allows the government authorities to review lease contracts, considering the relevance of timing to invest in project expansion decisions. The proposed model can also be extended to other infrastructure projects in emerging economies.
Enabling technologies daily nursing work and its practical implications
Authors: Da Silva Vander Luiz , Santos Gomes Myller Augusto , Ko João Luiz
Published: March 2022

In the health area, technological and scientific advances are paramount for the development of innovative technologies used in the treatment of diseases. Likewise, several categories of technologies are also useful in numerous activities for organizational management, resources management (medicines, data and information sets and people, among other) in the health field. Technologies are essential in work environments, but they also have implications, directly, for professionals who handle and operate them. Therefore, this study aims to identify the main technologies used by nursing professionals (nurses and technicians in nursing) and their impacts on work. Results were obtained through literature review, prioritizing case studies. Was carried out in at Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Emerald and Science Direct. Two analyses were conducted, bibliometrics, in order to explore the main data of the articles (years of publications, scientific journals and more frequent terms) and qualitative (highlight the main contributions of articles regarding the researched topic). In qualitative analysis, the articles were submitted to filtering procedures, ordered and selected for full reading. Technologies have potential to improve or create obstacles to the performance at work, health and well-being of the professionals. Health Information Technology was widely disseminated in case studies analyzed; it reduces informational and technical burden at work, access to support from colleagues in large centers and decision-making support, among others positive impacts.
The difficulties faced by school administrators working in disadvantaged schools and the effects of the administrator role they exhibit on the success of teachers and students
Authors: Garan Saadet
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study is to identify the difficulties faced by school principals working in disadvantaged schools in order to raise students with 21st century skills and to ensure the continuity of school success, and to examine the effect of the role of school principal on teacher and student success. The study group includes 10 school principals from primary schools located in disadvantaged regions of Istanbul. In the study, a phenomenological qualitative research design was used and the snowball sampling method, a purposeful sampling method, was employed. In order to achieve the aim of the study, participants were asked the following questions: 1. What kind of problems do you encounter in your school? 2. What methods do you use to deal with the problems? 3. How do you support your teachers who cannot cope with their problems? 4.How do you support troubled students to cope with their problems?
Through the study, several problems faced by the principals emerged: financial constraints, lack of commitment to the school, socio-economic structure of the school environment, and the socio-cultural structure of the school environment. The study also shows that to address these problems, school principals lead teachers' professional knowledge by displaying "correct communication", "resilience", "flexibility and positive thinking", and they try to create a positive school climate. In addition, it was determined that principals’ approach problematic students caringly, gaining their trust and trying to find solutions to their problems. Such an approach creates positive changes in teachers’ and students' attitudes and behaviors toward the school and increases academic success. The main finding in this study is that school principals' experiences in dealing with difficulties can be a guide to other colleagues in how to deal with difficulties.
On the Bieri–Neumann–Strebel–Renz Σ-invariants of the Bestvina–Brady groups
Authors: Kochloukova Dessislava Hristova , Mendonça Luis
Published: March 2022

We study the Bieri–Neumann–Strebel–Renz invariants and we prove the following criterion: for groups H and K of type

F
⁢

P
n

{FP_{n}}

such that

[
H
,
H
]

⊆
K
⊆
H

{[H,H]\subseteq K\subseteq H}

and a character

χ
:

K
→
ℝ

{\chi:K\to\mathbb{R}}

with

χ
⁢

(

[
H
,
H
]

)

=
0

{\chi([H,H])=0}

, we have

[
χ
]

∈

Σ
n

⁢

(
K
,
ℤ
)

{[\chi]\in\Sigma^{n}(K,\mathbb{Z})}

if and only if

[
μ
]

∈

Σ
n

⁢

(
H
,
ℤ
)

{[\mu]\in\Sigma^{n}(H,\mathbb{Z})}

for every character

μ
:

H
→
ℝ

{\mu:H\to\mathbb{R}}

that extends χ. The same holds for the homotopical invariants

Σ
n

⁢

(
-
)

{\Sigma^{n}(-)}

when K and H are groups of type

F
n

{F_{n}}

. We use these criteria to complete the description of the Σ-invariants of the Bieri–Stallings groups

G
m

{G_{m}}

, and more generally to describe the Σ-invariants of the Bestvina–Brady groups. We also show that the “only if” direction of the above criterion holds if we assume only that K is a subnormal subgroup of H, where both groups are of type

F
⁢

P
n

{FP_{n}}

. We apply this last result to wreath products.
Being Muslim in Modern Yugoslavia
Authors: Baer Marc David
Published: March 2022

A new book traces the history of the diverse Muslim population of the Balkans. Carving out legal space for itself as a religious minority in Europe, this community rode the winds of change from the age of the Ottoman and Habsburg empires through the Yugoslav era.
The Hidden Practice of Utilizing Bonds to Cover Legal Financial Obligations
Authors: Diaz Carmen L. , Ying Michelle , Bohmert Miriam Northcutt , Meckes Jessica , Farrell Mitchell
Published: March 2022

Cash bail payments are generally imposed to ensure an individual appears in court after arrest. Lesser known is the practice of bond conversion, wherein bond money is held to pay for legal financial obligations if the individual is found guilty. Procedural justice theory is a useful framework for understanding bail processes. Individuals subject to bond conversion may experience distrust towards a system whose policies are not transparent, potentially reducing compliance with the law. We conduct an assessment of statutes relevant to bond conversion for all 50 states and the US Code. Nearly half of all states and the US Code permit bond conversion via statute; statutes most often authorize conversion to pay for fines, costs, and restitution; most do not require the depositor be given notice, do not include language making exceptions for low-income individuals, and do not exclude third parties. Suggestions for future research on bond conversion are discussed.
Who Pays? Measuring Differences in the Process of Repayment of Legal Financial Obligations
Authors: Powell Kathleen
Published: March 2022

This policy brief outlines findings and policy implications from a study of the correlates of legal financial obligation (LFO) debt repayment, an increasingly important area of study for two key reasons. First, the proliferation of LFO assessments can generate substantial debt burdens for justice-involved persons to be repaid during their reentry to the community. Second, local criminal justice agencies increasingly rely on fees as a source of operating revenue, raising questions about collections policy and practice. This study focused on a specific context of LFO debt and repayment among persons sentenced to probation and transferred to a specialized collections unit. Results from statistical analyses using bivariate tests and logistic regression indicated a salience of individual-level and institutional-level factors as correlates with the likelihood of full debt repayment. Specifically, some persons will struggle to repay their LFO balances if amounts assessed are in excess of their means, even in an institutional context adopting an individualized, flexible, and non-punitive approach to collections. Discussed policy implications suggest a need for reform at the point of LFO assessment to avoid imposing obligations that are unreasonable to individuals’ ability to repay.
Revenue Generation Through Financial Sanctions in the Prison Industrial Complex
Authors: Whitley Stephon
Published: March 2022

America has yet to address mass incarceration properly. Here we are in 2022, and America still leads the Nation in the amount of people that are incarcerated. The problem goes well beyond the need to simply lower the number of people who are incarcerated. Yes, the problem is mass incarceration; however, in America, there’s an issue of the criminal justice system being used as a mechanism to profit from those who are arrested and charged with a crime, which creates an added pressure on those who are incarcerated as well as their families. The fact that people of color, specifically African Americans, are disproportionately represented in the amount of people who are incarcerated, implies a racial problem with the justice system in this Country. When you tie together the racial disparity of African Americans incarcerated, and the systematic ways in which the fines and fees associated with incarceration perpetuate financial hardship on individuals whom majority of their crimes were likely financially motivated; it becomes difficult for me to believe this Country’s criminal justice system is not perfectly in the manner in which it is supposed to work. My hope is the articles in this publication will not only make others aware of this issue who were not; but also, lead to the change in which those who have Power over the millions of people who are pushed through the criminal justice system - akin to product on an assembly line - discontinue the for profit aspects of incarceration in America.
George Eliot’s Wetland Form
Authors: Miller Margaret A.
Published: March 2022

Margaret A. Miller, “George Eliot’s Wetland Form” (pp. 291–320)

This essay relies on the 1747 Lincolnshire bog-woman and her porosity of bodily boundaries as a useful heuristic to historicize the ontological unity between gender unconformity and the environment. George Eliot’s The Mill on the Floss (1860), which shares its setting with the Lincolnshire bog-woman, is a novel of wetlands and women, of gender and drainage, and of femininity and floods. This essay reads the novel’s bog-women, including protagonist Maggie Tulliver and an oft-forgotten minor character, the widowed Mrs. Sutton, alongside nineteenth-century agricultural records of Lincolnshire, including manuals on the locally specific land-improvement technique—warping—used to drain the county’s various wetlands. In doing so, the essay argues that The Mill on the Floss reveals land improvement, particularly the postenclosure acts of drainage and warping, as a negative form for female Bildung. In negotiating how to write female development within a patriarchal society, Eliot exposes the violent limitations that ideas of arbitrarily redefining and reclaiming environments as arable and usable “land” during an era of enclosure and nascent global capitalism impose upon female futurity. Ultimately, Maggie’s alignment with wetland ecologies renders her an anachronistic figure of a preindustrial, predrainage past. In a present climate crisis moment of increased urgency to restore wetlands worldwide for their carbon storage capacities, what does it mean to read Maggie’s story not in spite of her death and foreshortened life, but instead as that of an incipient bog-woman who refuses to be drained?
Hamlin Garland’s “Problem of Individual Life”
Authors: Fredner Erik
Published: March 2022

Erik Fredner, “Hamlin Garland’s ‘Problem of Individual Life’” (pp. 354–383)

This essay returns to the problem of representativeness in politically committed literature by analyzing Hamlin Garland’s advocacy for Henry George’s single tax in three different forms: Garland’s most famous short story (“Under the Lion’s Paw” [1889]), a dramatization of that story’s core themes (Under the Wheel [1890]), and a novelization of that drama (Jason Edwards: An Average Man [1892]). As Garland attests in his autobiography, the conclusion of George’s treatise Progress and Poverty (1879), which considers the possibilities for collective action despite what George calls “The Problem of Individual Life,” inspired Garland’s political message as well as his method of representation. After several prior attempts to balance his work’s “reform motive” with its “art motive,” Garland ultimately uses the emerging concept of the “average person” to address the problem of representativeness. By considering the aesthetic and political transformations that led from “Under the Lion’s Paw” to Jason Edwards, this essay reframes the problem of representativeness in nineteenth-century literature in relation to the rising centrality of statistical thinking.
Can We Put an End to Commercial Sex?
Authors: Lansen Wood
Published: March 2022

Sex workers contend that the emergence of the sex business may be traced back to the pursuit of commercial profits. Several economic issues, including economic inequality, according to sex workers, are at the basis of commercial sexual activity. The sex industry and demand are irreplaceable, which indicates that commercial sex will remain in existence indefinitely.
Gut Microbiota and Immune Responses
Authors: Lee Tobin
Published: March 2022

The gut is the body’s largest immune organ, consisting of both hematopoietic (macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells) and non-hematopoietic cells (epithelial cells, Paneth cells, and goblet cells). It is home to hundreds of millions of microorganisms, which collaborate with the host immune system to maintain the internal environment’s homeostasis. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in the development of inflammatory responses (including autoimmune diseases, allergies, etc.). The gut microbiota has a direct effect on the maturation of the host immune system, inducing immunoglobulin A (IgA), and regulating CD4+ T cells, including Th1, Th17, and regulatory T cells (CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+). Along with the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), numerous molecules produced by flora may influence these immune responses. Numerous basic and clinical studies have established that controlling the gut microbiota is an effective method for treating and controlling disease. Once these mechanisms are fully understood, probiotics/prebiotics may be used to regulate the gut microbiota in order to treat diseases.
A Causal Analysis of Women Engaging in Commercial Sex
Authors: Kim Hee Dae
Published: March 2022

Female sex workers (FSWs) are women who engage in sexual behavior with others for monetary compensation. The FSW community has comparable demographic characteristics to the overall population, with a focus on youth, low education, and high mobility. Some women engage in sex trafficking on purpose, not to earn money, but to violate social norms. Feminists who grow up in broken or dysfunctional homes have their familial support networks disturbed. Disruptions to the financial support network include forced departures due to financial restrictions, unemployment, and so on. Women’s decisions to enter the sector are significantly influenced by peer behavior. Sexual assault may have a detrimental effect on an individual’s viewpoint, self-awareness, and emotional capacity. While the majority of FSWs are motivated by economic considerations, a sizable percentage is driven to prostitution. Other women forced into the sex trade have great things to say about it, and when given the opportunity to leave, some opt to stay.
The Long-Term Mechanism of Extracurricular Activities in Primary and Secondary Schools: Using the Four Festivals and One Party in Huai'an No.1 Mountain Middle School as a Case Study
Authors: Sun Changshun
Published: March 2022

Extracurricular activities play a significant part in students' overall development, and the long-term mechanism is critical to extracurricular activities' educational efficiency. This paper describes Huai'an No. 1 Mountain Middle School's regular extracurricular events, which include four festivals and one party, as well as the tactics used to create a long-term mechanism for the school's extracurricular activities.
Optimizing Assignment Design for Primary and Secondary School Students
Authors: Huang Xiuwang
Published: March 2022

One of the most essential connections among all assignment tasks is assignment design. The design of high-quality assignments is critical to achieving successful homework outcomes. This study explores the existing research on the roles of assignment design and highlights the current state of assignment design in China's primary and secondary schools. In terms of assignment loads, content, formats, and stratification, suggestions are made
Implementasi Problem Based Learning (PBL) dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh di MI Al-Mursyidiyyah Selama Masa Pandemi
Authors: Camelia Celi , Maknun Lu’luil
Published: March 2022

Pandemi virus corona tengah mewabah diseluruh dunia. Penyebaran virus ini sangat berdampak bagi seluruh sektor kehidupan, khususnya dalam dunia pendidikan. Pembelajaran jarak jauh kini menjadi solusi yang efektif dalam sistem pendidikan untuk menekan angka penyebaran virus corona. Pembelajaran jarak jauh tentunya menjadi tantangan baru bagi pendidik maupun peserta didik dalam melakukan proses pembelajaran secara online. Hal ini pastinya berkaitan dengan metode pembelajaran yang terpaksa harus diubah. Dengan meninjau kebutuhan segala aspek pendidikan, baik kebutuhan pendidik maupun peserta didik berupa sarana, prasarana, model pembelajaran, metode pembelajaran, dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meninjau implementasi model pembelajaran berbasis Program Based Learning (PBL) di MI Al-Mursyidiyyah selama menjalankan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mix method (penelitian gabungan), sebanyak 43% responden menerapkan sistem pembelajaran Program Based Learning (PBL) dalam proses pembelajaran. Pembelajaran jarak jauh dinilai cukup mudah untuk dilaksanakan. Implementasi penerapan Program Based Learning (PBL) juga dinilai cukup efektif bagi peserta didik dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran jarak jauh. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil proses pembelajaran atau evaluasi yang dilakukan oleh pendidik terhadap peserta didik.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Siswa Kelas IV dengan Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning
Authors: Nisa Khairun , Fauzan Fauzan , Arifin Fatkhul
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran matematika dan meningkatkan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa kelas IV SDN Sudimara 7. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan selama dua siklus. Subyek penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelas IV-I SDN Sudimara 7. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa, didapat dari hasil rata rata siklus I dan siklus II, pada siklus I skor rata rata kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa sebesar 67,4 kemudian pada siklus II menjadi 90,8.