bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indian Hindi Web Series (2017–2022): Female Cops Questioning the Gender Binaries
Authors: Shukla Shruti , Deka Junali
Published: August 2023

The representation of women on screen has taken a dramatic turn with the emergence of Over the Top (OTT) platforms. On the one hand, the web series is creating a new space for female actors to portray challenging professions. But, on the other hand, the directors have leapt when it comes to storytelling that goes far beyond the socially accepted homogeneous classification of femininity. Drawing upon the insight of ‘Butler’ concept of ‘Gender Performativity’ (‘Gender reality is performative which means, quite simply, that it is real only to the extent that it is performed‘), this article examines the deconstruction of gender binaries and how the non-homogeneous space created in a male-dominated territory. For the present study, female cop Hindi web series released during 2017–2022 have been selected: The Test Case, Code M Season 1, Delhi Crime, Aranyak and Code M Season 2. The significant findings reveal that the content of the web series has the potential to break the stereotype of hegemonic masculinity and question the existing gender binaries.
Subversive Motherhood and Maternal Discourses in Manipuri Cinema: An Analysis of Aribam Syam’s Ishanou
Authors: Rajkumar Johnson
Published: August 2023

The idea of a mother in Manipur’s cultural context has varied meanings. In the indigenous religion of the Meitei, the female maibis, the central religious functionary, is referred to as the mother. She plays a more important role in the religious rituals than her male counterpart. In the ritual, she gets possessed only by lai (goddess) and delivers an oracle, which comes only from female goddess to female maibi, never from male God to male maiba. This female dominance in the religious functionary is a unique characteristic of Meitei culture. The Manipuri film Ishanou (1991) depicts a life of an ordinary mother who got possessed and eventually rejected the traditional marriage and family institutions. As culture defines motherhood in shaping identity and attitudes towards mothering, this paper investigates the understanding of motherhood in the Manipuri society through semiotics and psychoanalysis of the film. The cinematic portrayal of the mother in the film negotiates power in a traditionally patriarchal society through the dynamics between the private and public spheres of the mother. She moves away from traditional motherhood to being the mother possessed by the goddess. The film’s rejection of domesticity and other traditional intensive mothering ideologies can be seen as subversive motherhood.
Trends in U.S. Mass Shootings: Facts, Fears and Fatalities
Authors: Fox James Alan
Published: August 2023

Although representing a rather small percentage of gun deaths in the United States, mass shootings receive a disproportionate share of crime news coverage, with the fears of countless Americans at a level well above the actual risk. This article attempts to clarify some of the wide-ranging confusion regarding what exactly is a mass shooting, how often they occur, and whether they have been on the rise over the past several years. After discussion of some methodological issues associated with measuring prevalence, trends exhibited in several reliable data sources on mass shooting are presented. The article concludes with a brief discussion of contagion and whether it is reasonable to expect that the recent spike in mass shootings will persist.
Evaluating Prenatal Diagnostic Imaging for Micrognathia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fields Caroline M. , Poupore Nicolas S. , Taniguchi April N. , Smaily Hussein , Nguyen Shaun A. , Cuff Ryan D. , Pecha Phayvanh P. , Carroll William W.
Published: August 2023

Objective

Studies evaluating the ability to diagnose and accurately predict the severity of micrognathia prenatally have yielded inconsistent results. This review aimed to evaluate reliability of prenatal diagnostic imaging in the diagnosis and characterization of micrognathia.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting

Studies with a prenatal diagnosis of micrognathia via ultrasound with a confirmatory postnatal examination were included. Prenatal severity was defined with and without mandibular measurements. Extent of airway obstruction at birth was defined by level of intervention required. Meta-analyses of proportions and relative risk were performed.

Patients

A total of 16 studies with 2753 neonates were included.

Main Outcome Measures

Primary outcome was the efficacy of characterizing the degree of micrognathia on prenatal imaging as it relates to respiratory obstruction at birth. Secondary outcome was the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis with the utilization of mandibular measurements versus without.

Results

Performing meta-analysis of proportions, the proportion of missed prenatal diagnoses of micrognathia made without mandibular measurements was 11.62% (95%CI 2.58-25.94). Utilizing mandibular measurements, the proportion of cases missed were statistically lower (0.20% [95%CI 0.00-0.70]). Patients determined to have severe micrognathia by prenatal imaging did not have a statistically significant increase in risk for more severe respiratory obstruction at birth (RR 3.13 [95%CI 0.59-16.55], P = .180).

Conclusion

The proportion micrognathia cases missed when prenatal diagnosis was made without mandibular measurements was over 1 in 10, with mandibular measures improving accuracy. This study highlights the need for a uniform objective criterion to improve prenatal diagnosis and planning for postnatal care.
A Systematic Review: Early Simultaneous Vomer Flap with Primary Cleft Lip Repair, Does it Bring More Benefits?
Authors: Putri Indri Lakhsmi , Widiono Evan Savero , Liana Stephanie , Ruberto Sandro , Dyah Kencono Wungu Citrawati
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Vomer flap is a technique to close cleft lip and palate. This technique is a simple procedure that has many benefits. However, the vomer flap's application together with primary lip closure is still questionable.

Objective

To find out whether the vomer flap's application in primary cleft lip repair can provide significant benefits

Design

A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology has been licensed in PROSPERO databases (CRD42023399487).

Setting

A comprehensive search was set out, utilizing eight data sources up to March 2023.

Participants

Both cohort studies and randomized control trials regarding the use of vomer flaps performed concurrently with cleft lip repair in children up to six months old.

Results

This article involved 8 studies involving 542 patients who met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 6 retrospective cohort studies, 1 RCT study, and 1 prospective cohort study. Vomer flaps provide a reduction in palatal cleft distance of 3–5 mm, a relatively small number of fistulas (0–4%), improvement of velopharyngeal function (nasal tone and nasal emission), maximal development of the maxilla although it is still controversial.

Conclusion

The vomer flap's application in primary cleft lip repair provides many advantages, such as reduced palatal and alveolar clefts, decreased risk of oronasal fistula, increased velopharyngeal function, and increased maxillary growth. It is reliable for the management of cleft lip and palate.
Evaluation on the Management of Scientific Research Activities in Secondary Schools in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Huynh Chuong Lam Anh , Le Thao Thi Phuong , Le Thach Ngoc , Le Tri Ho Minh
Published: August 2023

Scientific research activities (SRAs) of secondary school students of developing countries in Southeast Asia such as Vietnam are facing certain obstacles. The proposed research aims to explore the managing the SRAs of students in secondary schools as a basis for managers to propose effective measures. The oriented survey was performed on 180 teachers and managers and 201 students from 13/13 secondary schools. The data were processed by using the SPPS program and proposed solutions were introduced. Overall, the management of student's SRAs in secondary schools has achieved certain results but there are still limitations in planning, organizing, and evaluating process.
Fueled by a Fearful Leader: When, to What Extent and How Leader Fear of COVID-19 Promotes Employee Performance
Authors: Montani Francesco , Vandenberghe Christian
Published: August 2023

The literature generally surmises that negative affective states of leaders are detrimental to leader effectiveness and work outcomes. Taking the opposite view, this study explores how the negative affective experiences of leaders related to COVID-19 may foster team commitment and employee performance. By integrating personality systems interaction theory, cognitive appraisal theory, and the literature on stress-based emotions, we develop a model that clarifies when, how, and to what extent leader fearful states related to COVID-19 drive employee performance. Using three-wave and multisource data from 579 employees and their leaders from 69 teams, we found that among leaders who exhibited higher levels of positive affectivity, leader fear of COVID-19 indirectly fostered employee performance via the mediating roles of leader promotion of team goals and team commitment. Moreover, these moderated indirect effects were strongest at moderate levels of leader fear of COVID-19. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for research on leader affective states.
Modified extremum seeking controller for hydraulic turbine speed control
Authors: Rizwan Mohsin , Mushtaq Ahmad Haseeb
Published: August 2023

In the past, researchers have done various attempts to improve hydraulic turbine precise speed control and use synchronization time between turbine/generator to grid as a test bench. These attempts were either based on improving the instant when phase difference between two systems becomes zero or to control speed precisely using mathematical model-based techniques. Due to highly nonlinear nature of the hydro turbines, the models presented in the past were never perfect. In this research work, a model free approach is adopted to improve the precise speed control of hydraulic turbines. The developed model free system outperformed old model-based techniques in both stable as well as unstable grids. As per results obtained, grid instability had negligible effect on the speed control and synchronization time. The developed system is able control the hydro turbine speed during synchronization up to a 5 mHz level.
Study on the influence of wheel inertia and longitudinal/lateral creep force on the corrugated wear on the metro curved track
Authors: Wu Bowen , Wang Wenjing , Tang Tiancheng , Pan Jiabao , Zhang Rongyun , Ye Dongdong , Xu Rui
Published: August 2023

Corrugated wear on the metro curved track was studied. Dynamic analysis was implemented to analyze the effects of the vehicle speed and the curve radius on the wheel-rail creep forces. A mixed Lagrangian/Eulerian description-based finite element model of a wheel/rail system was set up. The wheel inertia can be considered in this model. Moreover, the steady rolling of the wheel under different creepage for braking or traction can be simulated. The complex eigenvalue analysis is used to investigate the frequency-domain characteristics of the friction-induced vibration of the wheel/rail system under the steady-state curving of the wheel. The initiation of the corrugation under the friction-induced vibration of the wheel/rail system was studied. The effects of the creep forces in the longitudinal and lateral directions on the friction-induced vibration of the wheel/rail system were revealed. The results show the dominant cause of the corrugation on the low rail surface is the friction-induced vibration of the wheel/rail system at about 320 Hz. The friction-induced vibration on the side of the high rail is not easy to occur. Therefore, the corrugated wear hardly happens to the high rail. The corrugated wear caused by the friction-induced vibration is frequency-fixed. It is necessary to consider the wheel inertia in the study of the friction-induced vibration of the wheel/rail system. Without considering wheel inertia, missing prediction of the friction-induced vibration and overestimation of the occurrence probability and development speed of the corrugation may occur. The lateral creep force plays a leading role in the friction-induced vibration of the wheel/rail system, while the longitudinal creep force has little effect on the friction-induced vibration. The corrugated wear will become more serious as the curve radius becomes smaller.
The effect of anamorelin (ONO-7643) on cachexia in cancer patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rezaei Shahla , de Oliveira Livia Costa , Ghanavati Matin , Shadnoush Mahdi , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Akbari Atieh , Hadizadeh Mohammad , Ardehali Seyed Hossein , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Elhelali Ala , Rahmani Jamal
Published: August 2023

Background

Cachexia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates in patients with cancer. This meta-analysis aims to explore the effect of anamorelin on cancer cachexia markers.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, and WOS from their inception until 5 June 2022. A systematic search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We included trials investigating the effect of anamorelin on body weight, lean body mass, fat mass, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), handgrip, quality of life insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and in patients with cancer. A random-effects model was run to pooled results.

Results

Five articles providing 1331 participants were analyzed in this study. Pooled analysis revealed a significant increase in body weight (weighted mean difference (WMD): 1.56 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20, 1.92; I2= 0%), lean body mass (WMD: 1.36 kg, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.86; I2= 53.1%), fat mass (WMD: 1.02 kg, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.53; I2= 60.7%), IGF-1 (WMD: 51.16 ng/mL, 95% CI: 41.42, 60.90, I2= 0%), and IGFBP-3 (WMD: 0.43 μg/mL, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.68, I2= 98.6%). Results showed no significant increase in appetite when analysis run on all studies without considering different doses 0.29 (95% CI: −0.30, 0.89, I2= 73.8%), however, there was a significant increase in appetite without heterogeneity and inconsistency 0.59 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.86; I2= 0%) in the 100 mg/day group compared to anamorelin non-user.

Conclusions

Patients with cancer who receive anamorelin as a treatment for cachexia showed a significant increase in body weight, lean body mass, fat mass, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3.
Factors associated with potentially inappropriate medications in elderly with multiple myeloma
Authors: Machado Taisa R L , de Pádua Cristiane A M , de Miranda Drummond Paula L , Silveira Lívia P , Malta Jéssica S , dos Santos Roberta M M , Costa Naiane L , Reis Adriano M M
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Elderly with cancer often have multimorbidity, which determines a higher risk of polypharmacy. This is related to negative clinical results such as adverse drug reaction and emergence service visits. Furthermore, polypharmacy increases the risk of using potentially inappropriate medications.

Objective

To evaluate the use of potentially inappropriate medication in elderly with multiple myeloma and associated factors.

Methods

The study was conducted with older adults with multiple myeloma treated at outpatient oncology and hematology services in a southeastern Brazilian capital. Potentially inappropriate medications were classified using the American Geriatric Society/Beers 2019 Criteria. Variables were described using frequency and proportions, performing multiple logistic regression to identify factors associated with the use of potentially inappropriate medications.

Results

One hundred fifty-three older adults with multiple myeloma were included, with a median age of 70.9 years. The median number of medications was 8, and 63% of patients used polypharmacy. More than half (54%) of the patients used potentially inappropriate medications, and proton pump inhibitors (46%) and benzodiazepines (8%) were the most employed therapeutic classes. Older adults who used potentially inappropriate medications differed from those who did not use them in the following characteristics: income up to three minimum wages, higher schooling level, private service, multimorbidity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, depression, adverse event, and polypharmacy. Higher schooling levels and polypharmacy were independently associated with the use of potentially inappropriate medications in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Potentially inappropriate medication use was high in patients with multiple myeloma studied. The use of polypharmacy and higher schooling levels were independently and positively associated with the use of potentially inappropriate medications.
Utilizing Community-Centered Approaches to Address Black Maternal Mortality
Authors: Falako Simileoluwa , Okoli Ngozi , Boateng Maame-Owusua , Sandoval Jacqueline , Gumudavelly Divya , Larsuel Shannon , Opara Ijeoma
Published: August 2023

The rise of Black maternal mortality rates throughout the country demonstrates a great need to utilize innovative frameworks to craft solutions that improve health outcomes for Black birthing people. Previous research and interventions have examined individual- and policy-level factors to reduce maternal mortality; however, these methods may lack a true community-centered approach to understanding the experiences of Black birthing people in local communities that have been disproportionately impacted. In addition, certain research methods may not recognize other marginalized intersectional identities (e.g., Black transgender men) who experience inequities in Black maternal health. This commentary aims to provide recommendations for utilizing community-centered strategies on Black maternal mortality informed by community-based participatory research principles.
No One-Size-Fits-All: Critical Narrative Intervention and Archeology of Self as Anti-Racist and Anti-Colonial Practices in Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors
Authors: Dixon Saharra L. , Isaac MacKenzie
Published: August 2023

Health education and research has historically relied on partnerships between institutions that focus on prescribing interventions rather than working with communities to identify and address systemic violence and oppression as root causes of health inequity. This perpetuates harmful colonial paradigms in health education. We present an autoethnographic perspective of our experiences as Black women with Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors to reexamine harmful assumptions and practices underpinning the field. Through digital storytelling, a qualitative research method, we explore Critical Narrative Intervention (CNI) and the Archeology of Self (AOS) as key methodological frameworks in decolonizing health education. Using our experiences of navigating complex mental health education and care, we highlight CNI and AOS as creative, asset-based, narrative, and participatory approaches to addressing health inequity and promoting an anti-colonist and anti-racist public health paradigm. We call practitioners to explore these methodologies in reimagining how we engage with diverse, historically excluded communities, while critically interrogating our own biases as we move toward equitable partnerships and caring relationships.
Black Girl Gone: Misogynoir, Hypervisibility, and Black Women
Authors: Morgan Jessica
Published: August 2023

Bam! Thunk! Bam! I awaken to commotion at my front door. Clash! Boom! It sounds like someone is trying to knock down my door. I hear voices outside my ground-floor apartment. My boyfriend, Kenneth, wakes up immediately. The banging is getting louder and louder. We are convinced that someone’s trying to break in. We walk out of my bedroom and down the hallway. I watch as he asks who’s at the door, but they don’t identify themselves. A battering ram takes the door out. Kenneth, licensed to carry, starts firing to defend against the intruders. The intruders, police officers, return fire. More shots stream in from the window. Several pierce me. I collapse. My clothes become drenched in my blood. As I lay there in my expanding blood bath, my dreams of becoming a nurse and starting a family fade. Soon, I stop breathing. Like an animal, my body remains on the cold, bloody floor. Later, I’m pronounced dead at the scene. My name is Breonna Taylor (Oppel & Taylor, 2023; Riley, 2020).
A Call for a Transformative Public Health Training: The Necessity of Abolition
Authors: Lipo Zovic Haley , Riley Taylor , Sandon Perez-Bill Esrea , Dsouza Nishita , Mitchell Christine
Published: August 2023

The societal distrust of public health alongside the complex, intersecting, and large public health crises of today and our future requires a transformation of the education of the next generation of public health leaders. The field of public health’s goals of health equity for all cannot be advanced until our field interrogates and resists the prison industrial complex (PIC), which maintains White supremacy and (re)produces health inequities. As current and former public health students, we propose incorporating abolition of the PIC as a political vision, structural and power analysis, and organizing strategy into the public health curriculum. We highlight gaps in the public health curriculum and the existing similarities between stated goals of abolition and public health. We propose calls to action for individuals, faculty, and schools of public health to interrogate the carceral nature of public health and work toward contributing to the positive project of an abolitionist future.
Re-Imagining Public Health Education: Students’ Perspectives and Considerations
Authors: Takenaka Bryce Puesta , Lee Ying-Chiang Jeffrey , Orakwue Kene , Aaron Hannah , Reyna Kelly , Putnam Natalia
Published: August 2023

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the shortcomings and neglected weaknesses of public health systems have risen to the surface, emphasizing the need for new approaches to designing and delivering public health training. Higher education institutions have a critical role in advocating for societal change and sufficiently prepare the next generations of public health. Therefore, this commentary shares the unique voices of current and recently completed graduate students from public health programs across the United States in identifying areas of improvement, so that proactive steps toward refining the current landscape of public health education and training may be taken. We speak upon the inaction and accountability of public health academic spaces in dismantling the various forms of systemic oppression, such as racism, colonialism, and epistemic injustice, while encouraging prospective and current graduate colleagues to be mindful and curious to re-imagine the role of such pedagogies of public health to reduce the progressing health inequities.
Gamification Myopia: Satiation Effects in Gamified Activities
Authors: Hammedi Wafa , Leclercq Thomas , Steils Nadia
Published: August 2023

Despite the popularity of gamification to improve the quality of experience in a variety of services, there is a lack of evidence on its effective integration into service design and the long-term impact of repeated gamified activities on customer experience. Using 10 studies, including behavioral data, survey, field, and laboratory experiments, this research investigates the effects of repeated gamified activities on customer experience quality and behavioral engagement. We examine the phenomenon through the lens of satiation theory, which explains the declining enjoyment for initially pleasurable activities. Supported by this theory, our results show evidence for a negative impact of gamified services that are highly repeated on experience quality and behavioral engagement. Further, we demonstrate strategies to compensate for such satiation by introducing mechanism and reward variety, a recovery period, and a sense of being near-to-winning. This research makes theoretical and managerial contributions by showing the potential backfire effects of gamification when gamified activities are repeated. Furthermore, this paper feeds the ongoing debate on standardization and personalization of service experiences. This paper demonstrates how high exposure to the same service experience can become counterproductive and increase risks of satiation.
Clinical Treatment Score Post-5 Years as a Tool for Risk Estimation of Late Recurrence in Thai Patients With Estrogen-Receptor-Positive, Early Breast Cancer: A Validation Study
Authors: Dejthevaporn Thitiya , Patanayindee Panchanin
Published: August 2023

Background:

The risk of late distant recurrence (LDR) of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer continues even after 5 years of endocrine treatment. Clinical Treatment Score after 5 years (CTS5) was developed and validated as a tool to assess the risk of LDR using data from Tamoxifen, Arimidex Alone or in Combinations (ATAC) and Breast International Group 1-98 (BIG1-98) trials. This study aimed to externally validate CTS5 in a real-world cohort of patients treated at an academic center in Thailand.

Methods:

The study was a retrospective analytical research study of early-stage, ER-positive breast cancer patients. The primary endpoint was LDR. The risk of LDR was determined using the CTS5 calculator. Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were applied for prognostic validation of CTS5. Calibration was performed by comparing observed LDR to expected LDR using the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test.

Results:

A total of 323 women were included with a median follow-up period of 11.6 years. The rate of LDR was 10.8%. The CTS5 was prognostic for LDR. C-index of the area under the ROC curve was 0.672. There was no significant difference between actual and expected numbers of LDR with an observed (O) LDR events to expected (E) number of LDR events ratio of 0.99 (0.86-1.12) (H-L P = .79) indicating a proper calibration in this cohort.

Conclusions:

Our study validated that CTS5 is accurate in predicting the risk of LDR in ER-positive breast cancer cases in Thai patients. Its performance seemed to be better in postmenopausal patients. CTS5 could be applied in routine clinical practice to improve decisions regarding prolonged endocrine therapy, particularly in resource-limited countries where molecular profiling are inaccessible.
EFL learners’ versus instructors’ attributions of success and failure factors: A complexity theory perspective
Authors: Alzaanin Eman
Published: August 2023

A limited number of studies have investigated the factors that influence academic success and failure from the perspectives of both students and lecturers of English as a foreign language (EFL). The present study utilizes a complexity theory framework to uncover academic success and failure factors from the perspectives of Saudi EFL learners and lecturers in a public university context. The sample consisted of 64 EFL lecturers and 219 EFL students who completed the success and failure questionnaires adapted from Killen’s study. Descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis were used to analyse the data. The results support the complexity theory perspective, where teachers and students are unique systems, each with their own attitudes, beliefs, and influences, shaped through interactions with other systems. Lecturers’ and students’ perceptions of success and failure factors differed significantly. Lecturers mostly attributed student success to their pedagogical practices, while students mostly attributed success to their positive dispositions, emotions, and attitudes. On the other hand, lecturers largely attributed student failure to student-related factors, while students attributed their failure to negative teacher traits and pedagogy. These results are in line with the concept of self-serving bias. Furthermore, students placed more emphasis on the role of their ecological context in their success and failure than teachers did. The results of this study may help inform teachers and language programs to provide conducive learning environments for EFL students to maximize their chances of success.
Is it pathological to believe conspiracy theories?
Authors: Bortolotti Lisa
Published: August 2023

According to a naturalist conception of what counts as a disorder, conspiracy beliefs are pathological beliefs if they are the outcome of a cognitive dysfunction. In this article, I take issue with the view that it is pathological to believe a conspiracy theory. After reviewing several approaches to the aetiology of conspiracy beliefs, I find that no approach compels us to view conspiracy beliefs as the outcome of a dysfunction: a speaker's conspiracy beliefs can appear as implausible and unshakeable to an interpreter, but in a naturalist framework it is not pathological for the speaker to adopt and maintain such beliefs.
Retracing the racial semiotics of the other-lingual (anderstalige) in Dutch and Afrikaans: Exploring its emergence in South Africa and its (re-)emergence in Flanders
Authors: Sacré Hari Prasad , Rutten Kris
Published: August 2023

This article explores the racial semiotics of the Dutch concept of the other-lingual ( de anderstalige). Multicultural discourse ostensibly encodes the otherness as merely linguistic; however, Flemish nationalist policy discourse deploys the other-lingual to discern autochthony from allochthony. Retracing the origins of this concept, we found that the concept did not originate in Dutch-speaking Europe, but we found earlier traces overseas in apartheid South Africa where the Afrikaans concept served the forced exclusion of coloured people. We conduct a semiotic analysis of the other-lingual to study how the concept racially encodes and decodes the Afrikaans language in South Africa and the Dutch language in Flanders. The dataset contains records in Dutch and Afrikaans, published in, or in regards to, the Netherlands, Suriname, Flanders (Belgium) and South Africa. Our semiotic analysis of the South African other-lingual engages with religious discourse published in 1950s South Africa. The semiotic analysis of Flemish other-lingual engages with its trajectory in Flemish Government Declarations from 1992 to 2022. The article concludes that the history of the other-lingual, revealing a racial identification between Flemings and Afrikaners, provides pivotal arguments for the contemporary understanding of race in the Dutch languages.
‘Facilitating the transition to net zero’ and institutional change in the Bank of England: Perceptions of the environmental mandate and its policy implications within the British state
Authors: Jackson James , Bailey Daniel
Published: August 2023

The role of central banks in perpetuating and tackling the economic patterns associated with climate change has increasingly been subject to academic and political attention. The Bank of England is no exception, having received a new mandate to ‘facilitate the transition to net zero’ in March 2021. This follows the Bank’s utilisation of its monetary tools to repeatedly stabilise the economic status quo since 2008, despite its ecological consequences. This article reveals the perceptions within the British state of the new mandate and the forms of institutional change demanded by it, based on a series of elite interviews with Treasury officials and other UK monetary policy experts, as well as a discourse analysis of Bank publications and speeches. We find that Bank actors lobbied for the new mandate to legitimise its development of climate risk assessments and licence internal dialogue on the implications of its monetary policy. But the mandate is perceived to be in immediate conflict with, and subservient to, the Bank’s primary structural objective of maintaining price and financial stability, due to the potentially destabilising effects of private capital realignment during a net zero transition. Institutional change within the Bank is thus limited to extending its pre-existing function of mitigating risks to financial stability rather than facilitating decarbonisation through market-shaping governance of the financial sector.
Needs for help and received help for those bereaved by a drug-related death: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kalsås Øyvind Reehorst , Titlestad Kristine Berg , Dyregrov Kari , Fadnes Lars Thore
Published: August 2023

Background and aims: Individuals bereaved after sudden and unexpected deaths can benefit from professional help to cope after the loss, and the bereaved call for proactive, early and flexible help from professional services. Most drug-related deaths (DRDs) happen suddenly and unexpectedly. DRDs are a significant public health issue, yet few studies have examined DRD-bereaved people’s needs and experiences with professional help. This article investigates the needs for help and received help reported by DRD-bereaved family members and friends, and suggests improvements in services based on the findings. Data and method: A heterogeneous convenience sample of DRD-bereaved family members and close friends (n = 255) were recruited for a survey from February to December 2018. Descriptive analyses were conducted for experiences with professional help, chi-square analyses to find predictors for help needs and received help, and logistic regression analysis to find predictors for satisfaction with the help provided. Results: Most DRD-bereaved individuals reported a need for professional help after the death regardless of family relation to the deceased, and about half of the participants received help. Nearly half of them were satisfied with the help. Our results indicated higher satisfaction with help among older bereaved, and the participants who received help from a crisis team or psychotherapist. The latter was particularly stated for younger participants. Few participants with children in the family reported that the children had received help, and less than one-third were satisfied with this help. Conclusion: The study shows that younger age groups and children need particular recognition, and a family perspective from services is essential. When assessing the help needs of the DRD-bereaved, relations of both psychological and biological closeness should be recognised. Help efforts should be tailored according to established knowledge of the provided help that bereaved populations deem effective.
(How) did self-rated health status shape Internet use among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany?
Authors: Grates Miriam , Brandt Martina
Published: August 2023

This study aims to shed light on health disparities in Internet use among older adults at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from the 2020 German Ageing Survey short survey ( N = 2243), we examined the links between self-rated health (SRH, independent variable) and four Internet use purposes (dependent variables) that might have been particularly relevant for older adults with health limitations during the pandemic: online information search, maintaining social contacts, religious purposes, and consultations with doctors or therapists. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that older adults with poor SRH were more likely than those with good SRH to use the Internet for online consultations with doctors or therapists, whereas they were less likely to use the Internet to search for information and to maintain social contacts at least once per week. This hints to health-related inequalities in Internet use which merit further investigation.
Beyond ownership: Human–robot relationships between property and personhood
Authors: Dehnert Marco , Gunkel David J
Published: August 2023

As artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled social robots continue to enter our lifeworlds, we will need to grapple with challenges to assumptions about our relationship to and even with these technological objects. This essay works at the intersection of social robotics, legal studies, and human–machine communication to explore the concept of ownership in human–machine relations. In particular, we draw on more-than-human approaches to ask: To what extent should (need) we retire the concept of ownership in the context of AI-enabled social robots? With a particular emphasis on companion robots, we explore alternatives to the ownership modality by investigating concepts such as personhood, a degrees-of-relationship perspective, and a situational approach to understanding human–robot relationships. The goal is to re-imagine human–robot relationships beyond legal confinements by engaging a pragmatic perspective that supplements existing philosophical approaches. We conclude the paper by discussing practical implications of our proposed perspective.
Shifting platform values in community guidelines: Examining the evolution of TikTok’s governance frameworks
Authors: Chan Ngai Keung , Su Chris Chao , Shore Alexis
Published: August 2023

Social media can establish governance frameworks for their users through public-facing documents and policies. Such governance frameworks are value-laden and embody platform values. As a newly dominant platform in the United States, TikTok serves as an exemplary medium to study the evolution of platform values. Based on the iterations of TikTok’s Community Guidelines from 2018 to 2022 ( N = 25,641), we conducted longitudinal lexical analyses to determine changes in their structure and value salience. Then, through network analysis, we demonstrated how values co-exist by constructing co-occurrence networks. Our results reveal that the lexical complexity and value interconnection of these policies have increased over time. Certain values are more central in the networks than others (e.g. privacy, safety, and fairness), which may be attributed to a public outcry for change. The evolution of TikTok’s governance frameworks follows three mechanisms (mediation, reversion, and founding paths) in shaping the core-periphery structures of platform values.
A mini-review of surface severe plastic deformation methods and their effects on steel and stainless steel
Authors: Zhang Luxia , Wu Zhisheng
Published: August 2023

Surface severe plastic deformation is an important technology for the preparation of bulk ultrafine grain or even nanocrystalline materials. Based on the technical achievements made in the field of surface severe plastic deformation at home and abroad, this article presents the basic principles of various kinds of surface severe plastic deformation techniques in detail. In addition, the effects of surface severe plastic deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of steel and stainless steel are reported. The current status of research on the effects of surface severe plastic deformation on fatigue properties and the tribological and biological properties of steel and stainless steel are summarized. The problems of the current surface severe plastic deformation technology for steel and stainless steel are pointed out, and the future development trend is foreseen.
‘They blame the messenger’: Re-examining the critique of journalists reporting on genocide in Rwanda and Srebrenica
Authors: Knight Caitlin
Published: August 2023

Reporting on cases of genocide presents distinct complexities and challenges for journalists, who must negotiate practical, professional, and emotional experiences that challenge traditional expectations of their role. Previous research has provided strident critiques of this reporting, arguing Western reporting of genocide in Rwanda and Srebrenica was reductionist and biased and contributed to the lack of Western intervention. Drawing on 22 interviews with print journalists who reported on genocides in Rwanda and Srebrenica, this article challenges this dominant critique by foregrounding the voices of journalists and their experience of reporting. Themes of inaccessibility, the moral imperative to report on these events, and the intersection with emotional labour on emotional effects of this reporting crucially demonstrates and acknowledges the challenges of conflict reporting. This adds to contemporary debates around how emotion, attachment and morality intertwine in journalism practice and the importance of this consideration when assessing the impact of reporting.
Telling about policy: Writing for reflexivity
Authors: Freeman Richard
Published: August 2023

How might we engage global or transnational practitioners in talking and thinking about policy? This article offers a particular kind of practitioner, already concerned with advocacy, engagement and organizational development, a way of thinking about what they do and, in turn, what policy is and does and how it is made. It presents a research-based, narrative account of a policy officer visiting a country for the first time, as the trip – and the policy work on which the officer has embarked – is reconstructed in conversation with a professional mentor. This dialogue generates a reflexive self-awareness in the protagonist-practitioner, and the reporting of it prompts a similar reflexivity in the reader: The reader-practitioner learns vicariously, by watching a counterpart learn. A supplementary discussion engages with the very different presumed academic readership of this journal, reflecting on the credibility and validity of the story as a mode of academic writing and on its design and form as pedagogy.
Material assemblages and percolating pasts in Zigua households, north-eastern Tanzania
Authors: Lane Paul Jeremy , Michaut Elias
Published: August 2023

The material culture and dwellings of the Zigua villages of Kwa Fungo and Kwengoma, in north-eastern Tanzania, bear the traces of complex social and historical dynamics. In this paper, we analyse household inventories and ethnographic interview data originally collected in 1991 by a team from the University of Dar es Salaam and the National Museum, Tanzania. We rely on oral histories as well as on Zigua epistemologies and ideas of percolating pasts to historicise and contextualise the processes that shaped the material world of these two village communities. The paper focuses on investigating the shift from round ( msonge) to rectangular ( banda) house-types, the household material changes generated by labour migrations and Nyerere’s Ujamaa, the materialisation of healing practices, and the formation of specific aspects of identity.
Direct strength calculation of an aged single-bottom tanker during its towing in waves
Authors: Vladimir Nikola , Senjanović Ivo , Jovanović Ivana , Tomašević Stipe , Jurišić Paul
Published: August 2023

Large engineering structures like ships and other floating structures require reliable and complex computations to ensure their structural integrity over their lifetime. This work presents an analysis of the structural integrity of an aged single-bottom tanker during its towing from Croatia to a scrapheap in Turkey. The ship is subjected to wave loading (corresponding to the global response) and towing force (corresponding to the local response). Computations were performed by a general hydro-structure tool that combines a 3D finite element (FE) structural model and a 3D boundary element (BE) model based on the Rankine panel theory, according to the guidelines of the relevant classification society. Time domain simulations were performed to take account of Froude-Krylov nonlinearities for a wave determined within the Equivalent Design Wave (EDW) approach. After the calculation of wave loading and its transfer to the FE model of a ship structure, the stresses were calculated and compared with the allowable values. The local strength assessment of the ship forecastle deck structure was also performed, considering the prescribed towing force as an imposed load. Both the procedure and the used computational tools are general and can be applied to any kind of ship or other floating structure.
Does Simulating Financial Equality Reduce the Political Donations Gender Gap?
Authors: Mehravar Jesse , Alcantara Christopher , Roy Jason
Published: August 2023

A variety of research has found strong evidence that men are more likely to donate to political parties and candidates relative to women. Yet studies of other kinds of political participation have observed a shrinking gender gap. What explains this variation? One possible explanation comes from several studies that report women are more likely to donate to nonpolitical groups when told they have been entered into a monetary draw. Does simulating resource equality also reduce the political donations gender gap? To answer this question, we analyse original Canadian data from two surveys that asked participants how much they would give to a federal (survey 1)/provincial (survey 2) political party if they were given CDN$100. Contrary to our expectations, we find no gender gap at the federal level and a positive gap favouring women at the provincial level.
There Was an Old Woman Who . . . Lost Patience With the Academy and Performed Her Frustration at a Public Meeting
Authors: Foster Elissa
Published: August 2023

Taking as its starting point the nursery rhyme about the old woman who swallowed a fly, this autoethnographic performance text presents a fable of an old woman who first becomes invisible and then realizes that she can reclaim her power, but only once she rids herself of all the “rubbish” she has consumed. The text adopts the traditional format of a play script and references core themes of critical performance studies—gender, power, the body, presence, and meaning. Preserving the integrity of the play script as a literary form, there are no references; however, readers will recognize the implicit theoretical moves in the text. Readers may also note the inevitable challenge of translating the body-in-performance from stage to page. The text was performed by the author for a panel conceived and convened by Bryant Alexander, for the 19th International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry.
Review and Application of Integrin Alpha v Beta 6 in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lian Yunyu , Zeng Silue , Wen Sai , Zhao Xingyang , Fang Chihua , Zeng Ning
Published: August 2023

Integrin Alpha v Beta 6 is expressed primarily in solid epithelial tumors, such as cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. It has been considered a potential and promising molecular marker for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma share genetic, histological, and pathophysiological similarities due to the shared embryonic origin of the bile duct and pancreas. These cancers share numerous clinicopathological characteristics, including growth pattern, poor response to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and poor prognosis. This review focuses on the role of integrin Alpha v Beta 6 in cancer progression. It addition, it reviews how the marker can be used in molecular imaging and therapeutic targets. We propose further research explorations and questions that need to be addressed. We conclude that integrin Alpha v Beta 6 may serve as a potential biomarker for cancer disease progression and prognosis.