bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is philology and its difference from other areas
Authors: Abdurakhmonova Mokhinur , Khodiyeva Shakhnoza
Published: June 2023

This article provides information about the history of philology, teaching methodology, what philology is, and its difference from other ﬁelds.
Culture of western and oriental countries
Authors: Alimov Normurat , Nizamov Bekhruz , Abduganieva Mukaddas
Published: June 2023

Why do representatives of different cultures understand and perceive the world so differently?The most obvious differences are observed in European and Asian ethnic formations.Oriental culture is mostly characterized by contemplation, while Western culture is identiﬁed by dynamics where culture should ﬁll human life with new knowledge and beauty. In fact, the differences between two societies are quite stark. One way or another, but Western and Oriental culture enters into a certain conﬂict situation in contact with each other. Then the differences between cultures are worthy to study thoroughly and draw a line between the differences. Or maybe these are all false beliefs that are no longer valid in modern society?
Topografik sirt bilan tekislikning kesishishi
Authors: Ramazonova G.S
Published: June 2023

Ushbu maqola topograﬁk chizmachilik fanini o‘qitishda graﬁk dasturlardan foydalanilgan holda talabalarning fazoviy tasavvurini hamda ko‘nikma va malakalarini oshirishga qaratilgan. Topograﬁk chizmachilikning nazariy qonun-qoidalarini bilish talabalarning topograﬁk chizmachilik fanidan yanada chuqurroq bilimga ega bo‘lishlariga yordam beradi.
Pengembangan Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar Berbasis Teknologi Komunikasi Interpersonal Guru di Era Society 5.0
Authors: Untari Ningsih NI Putu Diah , Sugiarka I Gede , Cahyani Ni Nyoman Ayu Gita
Published: June 2023

Kegiatan belajar mengajar adalah serangkaian proses penyampain ilmu atau tranformasi ilmu yang dilakukan oleh tenaga pendidik dan peserta didik. Proses tersebut dapat dilakukan secara formal ataupun non formal, disesuaikan dengan kondisi dan keadaan yang ada. Tentu dalam menjalankan suatu kegiatan belajar diperlukannya komunikasi yang baik antara peserta didik dan guru. Teknologi komunikasi ini dikenal dengan sebutan komunikasi interpersonal. Dimana komunikasi interpersonal ini adalah Komunikasi adalah proses pertukaran informasi dari dua belah pihak atau lebih. Ketika seorang guru sudah mampu menerapkan komunikasi interpersonal ini dengan baik, maka proses belajar mengajar juga akan berjalan dengan baik dan menghasilkan sesuatu sesuai dengan harapat dunia pendidikan. Perkembangan zaman yeng kini berada pada era sosiety 5.0 ini juga yang menyebabkan berubahnya pola perilaku dan kehidupan masyarakat, khususnya sistem komunikasi baiik formal aaupun non folmat. Oleh sebab itu, kita harus bisa menjaga jalinan komunikasi dengan penerapan komunikasi interpersonal bagi guru untuk lebih dekat dengan peserta didik dan meningkatkan suasana belajar mengajar.
The Impact of Climate Change on Quality Education Delivery: A Case Study of Four Selected Secondary Schools in Kabwe District, Zambia
Authors: Mpanza Charity Tumeo , Muluka Webby
Published: June 2023

The study was an attempt to establish the impact of climate change on quality education delivery in selected four secondary schools in Kabwe district of central province in Zambia. Two objectives were at the heart of the study, namely: to establish effects of climate change commonly experienced in Kabwe district and to investigate how such effects affect provision of quality education in the selected four secondary schools within the district. 128 participants comprising 40 teachers, 80 pupils and 8 school administrators were purposively selected from four different secondary schools in Kabwe district. A survey using structured interviews and questionnaires were used. On challenges associated with effects of climate change commonly experienced in Kabwe district, the study established the following: impassable access roads to schools due to floods, destruction of homes, school buildings, obliteration of field crops and livestock due to heavy rains and droughts, and escalation of diseases and stress. On how the afore mentioned challenges affect quality education delivery, the study established the following: high absenteeism rate among pupils, deprivation of pupils with quality physical learning environment, increased hunger and reduced attention span in pupils, and compromised health of pupils. The study has proposed the following interventions: upscale tree planting programs, parents-teachers associations in concerned schools to aggressively lobby local authorities to maintain strategic roads in townships and residential areas leading to schools, to continue promoting use of eco-friendly practices such as conservation farming, strict control of both forest and charcoal burning, ban open air trash burning.
Impact of Corona Virus Pandemic Lockdown on Employee Commitment in Deposit Money Banks Staff in Ekiti State
Authors: Awolaja Ayodeji. M
Published: June 2023

The study examined the impact of the Corona-Virus Pandemic lockdown on Employee Commitment in deposit money banks in Ekiti State. This study was designed along the line of a descriptive survey. The population of staff strength of these banks is numbered to be 427. The 427 number of staff is relatively low compared to other state; nonetheless it may be unachievable if the researcher tends to sample all the registered banks. Still, the study cut across the entire population involving all members of staff of deposit money banks in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State. Regression analysis was carried out to analyze the data. The study revealed that employee commitment among members of staff of deposit money banks in Ekiti State is determined by different factors which include work schedule and workload reduction while slashes in salary and slow pace of sales insignificantly determine employee commitment of staff. The study recommended management of banks should ensure that employee workloads are well suited and incorporated in the management agenda as this will help to reduce turnover intentions. They should also ensure adequate organisation growth in respect to promotion, remuneration, training, financial and non-financial incentives to employees in order to enhance employee commitment in this sector
Difficulties Experienced by Vocational Teachers and High School Students in Applied Lessons in Distance Education
Authors: KOCABAŞ AKAY Mehlika , YÜCEL Murat , ŞAHİN GÜNKUT Meral
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study, in distance education, is to identify the difficulties experienced by vocational high school teachers and students in the applied courses. This research using a phenomenological approach is important in that it reveals the challenges of distance education that teachers and students face in the processing of applied courses. Eight teachers, including four ship machinery teachers and four deck management teachers, who experienced distance education for the first time and our machine lesson students, four deck lesson students, in totally eight students are the study group of this research. An interview form consisting of semi-structured open-ended questions was preferred as a data collection tool in the study. in order to ensure the credibility, the questions were checked by an expert. the data obtained at the end of the study were analyzed by content analysis and the results were shared under the title of findings. When looked at the results of this study, teachers and students generally find Distance Education useful. However, it 's expressed that distance education is not particularly suitable for the structure of applied courses of vocational high schools and they are not efficient due to the lack of adequate student participation in the courses.
İslamofobi ve Medya: Alman MedyasındaDoğu/Müslüman-Batı/Hristiyan Kaynaklı Şiddet Eylemlerinin Temsili
Authors: BİLMEZ Ayça , DAVULCU Ebru
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada, Batı/Hristiyan kökenli bireyler ile Doğu/Müslüman kökenli bireylerin Batılı ülkelerde gerçekleştirdikleri şiddet eylemlerinin Alman medyasındaki yansımaları incelenmiştir. Doğulu/Müslüman kişilerce yapılan 2016 Berlin Noel Panayırı ve 2017 Barselona saldırısı ile Batılı/Hristiyan kişilerce Müslüman ve göçmenlere yönelik gerçekleştirilen 2019 Christchurch ve 2020 Hanau saldırılarına ilişkin Bild, Zeit, Taz ve Süddeutsche gazetelerinin internet sitelerinde yayımladıkları haberler üzerinden, İçerik Analizi ve Eleştirel Söylem Analizi metotlarından yararlanılarak haber incelemeleri yapılmıştır. İçerik Analizinde 1300 haber değerlendirilirken, konuyla ilgili 16 haber Teun A. van Dijk Eleştirel Söylem Analizi kapsamında incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre Batılı/Hristiyan kişi ya da kişilerce Müslüman ve göçmenlere yönelik saldırılar haberleştirilirken olayın ırkçı, aşırı sağcı bir motivasyona sahip olduğu, faillerin ise suç geçmişi bulunmayan, sonradan radikal fikirlere kapılan, akıl hastası (Hanau için) olduğu bilgilerinin öne çıkarıldığı, buna karşılık Müslüman/Doğulu kişiler tarafından gerçekleştirilen şiddet eylemi haberlerinde dini kimlikleri, mülteci olarak söz konusu ülkelere geldikleri arka plan bilgisinin paylaşıldığı görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda Müslüman/Doğulu kişilerin eylemleri, genel bir İslam tehdidine işaret ederek sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Batılı/Hristiyan kişilerin eylemleri ise marjinal, sıra dışı olarak lanse edilmek üzere çerçevelenmiştir.
Çin’in Tang Dönemi İpek Yolu Yönetim Stratejisinde Geçiş İzni Sistemi: “Guosuo Zhidu (过所制度)”
Authors: GÖKENÇ GÜLEZ Sema
Published: June 2023

Çin, Batı Han Hanedanlığı döneminden itibaren yöneldiği Batı Bölgesi’nde İpek Yolu güzergâhlarını ve bu güzergâh üzerindeki ticari faaliyetleri kontrol altına almak amacıyla birtakım stratejiler oluşturmuştur. Tang döneminde imparator Gaozu’nun sınır bölgelerinde faaliyete başlamasının ardından tahta geçen İmparator Tai Zong Göktürklere karşı Batı Bölgesi’nde faal bir politika izlemiştir. İmparator Tai Zong’un Anxi Genel Valilik merkezi ve dört garnizonu kurması ile Batı Bölgesi’ne nüfuz etmeyi ve ticari faaliyetlerin yönetimini tek bir merkeze bağlamayı amaçlamıştır. Bu kapsamda İpek Yolu güzergâhlarında kurduğu geçiş izni sistemi; bu hat üzerinde ticaret yapan tüccar ve kervanların geçiş izninin olduğunu gösteren bir belgedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Çin’in Batı Bölgesi politikasını irdeleyerek, bu politika kapsamında İpek Yolu güzergâhı üzerinde hanedanlığın uyguladığı geçiş izni sistemini ve bu sistemin İpek Yolu ticareti açısından anlamını incelemektir. Bu amaçla çalışmada; Çin tarihi kaynakları ve Çinli araştırmacıların çalışmaları çerçevesinde, İmparator Han Wu Di dönemindeki Batı Bölgesi ele alınarak, Tang Hanedanlığı Batı Bölgesi stratejisi, hanedanlığın ticaret yönetmeliği kapsamında güzergâh üzerinde kurduğu geçiş izni sistemi ve bu sisteminin ticaret faaliyetlerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Tang dönemi geçiş izni sistemi ile İpek Yolu güzergâhındaki ticari faaliyetlerin hanedanlığın ticaret yönetmeliğine göre yürütüldüğü, aynı zamanda bu sistemin ticari faaliyetlerin güvenli bir platform üzerinde gerçeklemesini sağlayarak, İpek Yolu ticaretinin gelişmesine katkı sağladığı sonucu çıkmıştır.
An IoT Based Attendance System using PI Cam and RFID Controller
Authors: Mrs N. Swathi  , Gorakanti Pallavi  , Kotha Sai Jyothika  , Kotha Sai Jyothika  , Madaka Anand Kumar
Published: June 2023

The primary focus of our country's education system is on attendance, particularly during graduation and post-graduation, as it is considered indicative of a student's commitment to their education. This project specifically centers around improving the attendance system. In the past, attendance used to be recorded in a traditional manner. However, over time, various attendance systems have been introduced, many of which rely on a single authentication method using a single sensor. Currently, there are attendance systems that utilize two sensors, like the "attendance system using biometric and RFID controller," for capturing attendance. Nevertheless, a drawback of the current system is the potential problem faced by management if one of the sensors fails to record data, making it difficult to obtain accurate attendance records. Moreover, injuries to the hand can hinder the use of the biometric attendance system results in a reliance on conventional techniques. An ESP32 camera is used in our project to take pictures of students or staff. for attendance purposes. This camera is capable of capturing facial images as well, ensuring attendance can still be recorded even in cases of facial injuries. Alternatively, an RFID card can be used as a backup method for attendance. The materials required for this project include Node MCU or ESP32, ESP32 camera, and an RFID controller.
A Survey on Automated Assessment Questions Generation System using Supervised Algorithms
Authors: Mr. P. Srinivasa Rao  , T. V. V. Kiranmai  , T. V. V. Kiranmai  , T. V. V. Kiranmai  , S. Kusuma
Published: June 2023

Assessment is the sole way to determine whether a teacher's lessons are effective and whether pupils are learning what they are supposed to. When test questions are manually generated, they are first created and then assigned at random to the exam. Manually producing test papers that adhere to the standards of a good test paper requires a lot of time and work. Assessments that are created expressly to evaluate students' technical abilities require more time to develop, and trainers are constantly looking for methods to learn more about their candidates by asking them questions on technical concepts. With the help of our technology, questions regarding numerous technological topics and domains may be automatically generated from a database. We use classification and supervised algorithms like the Naive Bayes Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, and Decision Tree to generate test papers depending on the predicted skill of the applicant. The supervised algorithms Naive Bayes, Random forest, and Decision tree are all examples. Instead of assessing the candidate's knowledge in a completely unrelated field, test questions based on the candidate's talents will efficiently evaluate the candidate's knowledge in the skills that they know. The opportunity for the recruiters to fully comprehend a candidate's capabilities will also allow them to make greater use of their talents and assign tasks to applicants based on how well they do in a specific skill.
EROSÃO COSTEIRA E FAIXAS DE RECUO EM PRAIAS ARENOSAS DO SUL DE SERGIPE, BRASIL
Authors: SANTOS João Paulo da Silva , ANDRADE Ana Cláudia da Silva , NASCIMENTO Paulo Sérgio de Rezende , RAMOS Laísa Peixoto
Published: June 2023

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar as mudanças históricas da linha de costa e, verificar a eficiência de faixas de recuo em praias arenosas, estuarina e oceânicas, localizadas no sul de Sergipe, nordeste do Brasil.  A metodologia consistiu na determinação da taxa de variação e do comportamento da linha de costa (1971 a 2017), e na análise de eficiência do uso de faixas de recuo para construções leve e pesada, caso tivessem sido implementadas em 1971. As praias estuarina e oceânicas em erosão apresentaram taxas médias de -5,6 e -1,6 m/ano, respectivamente. O comportamento erosivo da linha de costa ocorreu em 82,4 % da praia estuarina e em 38,6 % das praias oceânicas. A análise da eficiência das faixas de recuo para construção pesada mostrou que se tivessem sido implementadas em 1971, muitos dos danos às estruturas antrópicas teriam sido evitados. No entanto, a metodologia adotada foi inadequada, por não considerar o tempo de análise (curto, médio ou longo prazo). O uso da taxa erosiva verificada em cada localidade multiplicada pelo tempo desejado parece ser a alternativa mais viável na ausência de outros dados. Este estudo demostra que um método simples pode ser usado com sucesso.
Palavras-chave: linha de costa, mudanças históricas, taxa de variação, análise da eficiência.
LAND COVER MAPPING IN THE BRAZILIAN PAMPA WITH LANDSAT OLI AND TIRS BANDS
Authors: TRINDADE Patricia Michele Pereira , PEIXOTO Daniela Wancura Barbieri , KUPLICH Tatiana Mora , ALMEIDA Claudio Aparecido de
Published: June 2023

When different time periods are considered, detection of past and present changes in land cover are enabled, also for quantifying and qualifying those changes. Land cover/use maps are the primary tools for the management and conservation of natural and man-made areas. For this, remote sensing bands of the reflected spectrum are usually used, leaving aside the thermal data. The objective of this work was to evaluate the inclusion of the thermal band (b10) of the TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) sensor of landsat 8 satellite to increase the land cover maps accuracy in the Pampa biome from object-oriented classification. For the development of the research, 11 scenes of the Landsat 8, OLI sensor and TIRS were used. Thus, 14 cells were selected in the Brazilian Pampa, totaling 5% of its area. The following steps were performed: obtaining land surface temperature (LST) data and vegetation indices; data preparation; object-oriented classification; validation with 1354 reference points and analysis of the results. The results showed that the insertion of thermal bands, especially from different dates, increased the discrimination among classes. The classification presented 86% of global accuracy. Therefore, it is recommended to insert thermal data for mapping and environmental monitoring of the Pampa biome
Duygusal Farkındalık, Psikolojik Esneklik ve Yaşam Doyumu Arasındaki Yordayıcı İlişkiler
Authors: Çakır Büşra , Dilmaç Bülent
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışma öğretmenlerin duygusal farkındalıkları, psikolojik esneklikleri ve yaşam doyumları arasındaki yordayıcı ilişkileri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada genel tarama modellerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında Türkiye’nin farklı illerinde 276 kadın, 74 erkek olmak üzere görev yapmakta olan 350 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada verileri toplamak amacıyla araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “A Duygusal Öz Farkındalık Ölçeği (DÖFÖ)-10”, “Kabul ve Eylem Formu (KEF)-II” ve “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın analizinde Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM) kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre; öğretmenlerin duygusal farkındalıklarının psikolojik esneksizliğini negatif etkilediği (ß = -54, p<0.01) bulunmuştur. Yani öğretmenlerin duygusal farkındalıkları ile psikolojik esneklikleri arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin kabul ve eylem formu puanlarının yaşam doyumu puanlarını negatif etkilediği (ß = -25, p<0.01) bulunmuştur. Başka bir ifadeyle, öğretmenlerin psikolojik esneklikleri ile yaşam doyumları arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Diğer bir bulguya göre, öğretmenlerin duygusal farkındalıkları ile yaşam doyumları arasında pozitif yönlü dolaylı bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu faktöre ilişkin bağlantı katsayı değeri ß = 0.14 [G.A.= 0.07-0.21] olarak bulunmuştur. Ulaşılan sonuçlara yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
An “Undigestible Lump” : Timor-Leste
and the Politics of Self-determination
Authors: Simpson Brad
Published: June 2023

This chapter sets the Timor-Leste independence struggle in the context
of broader international debates about the scope and meaning of selfdetermination
as the era of European empires was coming to a close.
Many Timorese nationalists framed their demands for independence
as a fulfilment of their self-determination as specified in the 1960 UN
Resolution on Decolonisation and the 1966 human rights covenants, and
most international observers agreed that they had this right. Western
governments and Indonesian officials argued that Timor was too small,
backwards and primitive to effectively exercise this right and that integration
with Indonesia was its only viable option. These debates unfolded
amidst renewed demands for self-determination in Aceh, West Papua
and the Moluccas and debates at the United Nations about the possible
threats to the international system posed by the proliferation of small
states and territories demanding self-determination.
“Our Interest Is Minimal, but…” :
Britain and the Indonesian Invasion of
Timor-Leste, 1975–19761
Authors: MacQueen Norrie
Published: June 2023

The Indonesian invasion of Timor-Leste came at a time of adjustment in
Britain’s post-colonial foreign policy towards Southeast Asia. The Labour government
largely followed its Conservative predecessor in seeking improved
relations with Indonesia, mainly with a view to enhancing trade relations.
There was little in the way of existing policy in relation to Timor-Leste beyond
a general assumption that, following Portuguese withdrawal, integration
of the territory with Indonesia would be the most practical outcome. In
contrast with other Portuguese colonies in Africa, there was little public or
activist interest in Timor-Leste in Britain. This facilitated Britain’s largely
pro-Indonesian policy. It was a policy embraced and pursued by British
diplomats in Indonesia. It was further encouraged by the British government’s
low estimation of Portugal’s capacity to influence developments during the
upheaval of its revolutionary period. Although uncomfortable issues were
raised by the question of recognition of Indonesia’s annexation and relations
with “old Commonwealth” Australia came under some strain, the British
government was broadly satisfied by the diplomatic outcome of the invasion.
The Effectiveness of the Think Talk Write (TTW) Learning Technique Aided by Word Cards Media in Improving Sentence Writing Ability
Authors: Nurhayati Yuli , Nurwahidah Lina Siti , Jamilah Jamilah
Published: June 2023

This research aims to examine the effectiveness of the Think Talk Write (TTW) technique supported by word cards in enhancing sentence writing skills. The research method is quasi-experimental, utilizing a nonequivalent group's pretest-posttest design. Data collection techniques encompassed sentence writing tests and angle distribution. The research sample comprised Class IX C as the experimental group and Class IX A as the control group. Data processing techniques included the Shapiro-Wilk test to assess data normality, paired sample T-tests, and the NGain-Score test. The paired sample T-tests for the experimental group yielded a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.00 < 0.005, indicating a significant distinction between the pretest and posttest scores. Similarly, the paired sample T-test outcomes for the control group demonstrated a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.00 < 0.005. Moreover, based on the NGain-Score calculation, the average gain score for the experimental group was 71.25. In contrast, for the control group, it stood at 50.28, implying that the Think Talk Write (TTW) model, supplemented by word cards, effectively improves sentence writing skills.
Development of Smart Tree Learning Media for Ethnic Diversity Material to Increase Learning Motivation in Students
Authors: Milawati Ria , Sugma Azri Ranuwaldy , Siregar Zulham
Published: June 2023

This research is motivated by learning that still tends to use the method of explaining in the material on the theme of Environment learning objectives that have yet to be achieved optimally, affecting the effectiveness of student learning. One of the efforts that can be used is through smart tree learning media. This research uses research and Development (R&D) research methodology. Smart Tree Learning Media is carried out based on ADDIE development steps. Populusi in this study were 20 SD Negeri grade IV students 105286 Tandam Hilir 1. The results showed; (1) the material expert validity test got a score of 92% and was very well qualified, (2) The validity test of media experts got a score of 86.67% and was of very good qualifications, (3) the validity test of Class IV Teachers got a score of 90% was in very good qualifications, (4) individual trials got a score of 91.11% were in very good qualifications, Small Group trials got 90.13% were in very good qualifications, Large Group trials got 88% scores were in very good qualifications. The results showed a significant difference between students' learning outcomes using thematic Smart Tree learning media and conventional learning media.
DÎVÂNÇE-İ ERŞED
Authors: TAŞ Fırat
Published: June 2023

14. yüzyılın ortalarında başlayıp 19. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar devam eden klasik Türk edebiyatı, birçok şair yetiştirmiştir. Çok sesli ve oldukça renkli bir edebiyat ortamının oluşmasında şüphesiz Osmanlı Devleti’nin kültürel dokusu ve geniş bir coğrafyada sürdüğü hükümranlık etkili olmuş, Osmanlı Devleti’nin çok kültürlü toplum yapısının inşasını da kolaylaştırmıştır. Bu çok kültürlülük ortamı Erşed mahlasıyla şiirler yazan Vâsık-zâde Abdülhamid’in yetişmesine de ortam hazırlamıştır. Eserlerini Divançesinde toplayan şairin hikâyesini, yazar Doç. Dr. Talip Çukurlu’nun kaleminden çıkan Dîvânçe-i Erşed çalışmasıyla öğreniyoruz. Yaşamı hakkında fazla bilgi bulunmasa da Çukurlu kitabında, şairin hayatına ışık tutacak içerikler sunarak okurunu aydınlatmaya, şairin zihin dünyasını anlaşılır kılacak argümanları paylaşmaya gayret göstermiştir.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF RAW MATERIALS FOR OBTAINING PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING FERTILIZERS
Authors:   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Smailov B.M. , Zakirov B.S. ,   Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Koshkarbayeva Sh.Т. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Kadirbayeva A.А. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Aravind Usha K. ,   Cochin University of Science and Technology, Issabayev N.N. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: June 2023

To date, accumulated industrial waste creates serious environmental problems in the regions. Therefore, their processing in order to obtain valuable products is an urgent task. As a result of the reduction electric smelting of phosphorite raw materials in the Novo-Dzhambul phosphorus plant, about 150-160 kg of cuttrel dust is formed per 1 ton of yellow phosphorus. The resulting cuttrel dust is considered as a secondary raw material, it can be used to obtain phosphoruscontaining mineral fertilizers, since the boiler dust contains a proportion of phosphorus and other useful components. The purpose of this work is the processing of phosphorus production waste - cuttrel dust with the use of sulfuric acid to obtain phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers. Methodology. For the processing of cuttrel dust under experimental conditions, instrumental test methods were chosen using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the Jeol JSM-6490l V brand, a multi-parameter portable cyberscanner (PCD 650 Eutech) and a Q-1500 Derivatograph. Results. According to the results of microscopic studies, it was determined that the content of the main useful component in the cuttrel dust P2O5 in the range of 30-31%. The thermodynamic regularities of the process of decomposition of cuttrel dust with the help of a solution of sulfuric acid have been studied. The standard thermal effects of changes in the enthalpy, entropy and the value of the Gibbs energy of the system at a temperature of 333–363K were determined using the HSC-6 complex program. The methods of mathematical processing are considered in order to determine the reliability of the results of the experimental work. The optimal technological parameters of this process have been established and determined. Conclusion. A technology has been developed for obtaining phosphorus-containing monocalcium phosphate based cuttrel dust from the waste of the Novo-Dzhambul phosphorus plant using sulfuric acid solutions. The advantage of the resulting phosphorus-containing component is that it has a high solubility and absorption of phosphorus to plants. They are also characterized by a high content of phosphorus-containing substances, which ensure the growth and productivity of agricultural plants and plant resistance to environmental stress factors.
GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS OF EXTRACTS OF POPULUS POPULUS BALSAMIFERA BUDS
Authors:   Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, Meshchanova A.G. , Polyakov V.V. ,   Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University
Published: June 2023

Currently, the urgent task is to accelerate the development of alternative plant protection measures, which is associated with the aggravation of the environmental situation, the desire to reduce pollution of agricultural landscapes and obtain agricultural products with minimal use of agrochemicals. Poplar extract is a plant growth stimulant due to the presence in its composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, lipids, phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, amino acids, essential oils, vitamins, which provide a stable growth-stimulating effect. The advantages of biological preparations, based on balsamic poplar, include their low cost, the absence of a negative effect on plant productivity, high specificity, low toxicity. The main difference between biological preparations and other plant protection products is that they are able to stimulate the natural protective abilities of the plants themselves, thereby affecting harmful organisms. The use of such drugs is one of the ways to solve environmental problems in agriculture and a powerful means of increasing the effectiveness of both plant protection from phytopathogens and crop production in general. The purpose is to evaluate the stimulating activity of the extracts of the buds of poplar balsamic Populusbalsamifera on the seed productivity of flax. The objecvtives: to isolate the sum of flavonoids from balsamic poplar; to establish the growth-stimulating activity of the extract of the buds of balsamic poplar in relation to flax seeds. Methodology. The method of obtaining the proposed balsamic poplar extract includes the use of balsamic poplar buds, air drying, grinding, extraction with 90% ethanol in a Soxlet apparatus, filtration and evaporation until the target product is obtained. The results. The obtained results and conclusions. In the course of the study, flavonoids have been isolated from the buds of balsamic poplar. The presence of flavonoids in the ethanol extract is confirmed by qualitative reactions. The composition of poplar kidney extract has been investigated by thin-layer chromatography. Conclusion. It has been found that the extract from the poplar buds mainly contains substances of a flavonoid nature. The results of studying the growth-stimulating activity of the extracts of balsamic poplar Populusbalsamifera showed high seed productivity of flax of Tomsk selection in the control group; reproduction conditions have positively affected the yield of flax.
Ядерная проблематика Ирана в контексте отношений между Вашингтоном и Тегераном в начале ХХI века
Authors: Аббасов Тариэль
Published: June 2023

Активная поддержка Тегераном деятельности радикальных экстремистских организаций в регионе Ближнего и Среднего Востока вкупе с дальнейшей разработкой национальной ядерной программы, инициировали принятие администрацией Президента Дж.Буша-младшего (2001-2009 гг.) в отношении Ирана более масштабного санкционного политического и экономического курса. США добились осуждения иранской ядерной программы по обогащению урана в Совете Безопасности ООН, в связи с чем было принято пять резолюций, направленных на решение «иранской ядерной проблемы». С приходом в Белый дом в ноябре 2008 года 44-го президента США Барака Обамы (2009-2017 гг.) стали наблюдаться позитивные коррективы в политике официального Вашингтона по отношению к ИРИ в сфере развития Тегераном ядерной энергетики. Однако лидеры ИРИ выразили нежелание участвовать в переговорном процессе по свертыванию развития ядерной программы и предоставлению международному сообществу гарантий отказа от попыток создания ядерного оружия. В мае 2018 года Президентом США Д.Трампом (2017-2021 гг.) было принято решение о выходе страны из Совместного всеобъемлющего плана действий по ядерной программе Ирана.
Прояви геноциду українського народу на тимчасово окупованих рашистами територіях України (2022-2023 рр.)
Authors: Олешко Наталія
Published: June 2023

Дана стаття присвячена дослідженню проявів геноциду українського народу на тимчасово окупованих російськими військами територіях України з початку повномасштабного вторгнення Росії в Україну 24 лютого 2022 р. за матеріалами українських інформаційних джерел (ЗМІ, телеграм-каналів) та свідчень студентів авторки даного дослідження, які перебували в окупації. Багатовікове прагнення Росії до знищення української державності та українців як нації підтверджується низкою злочинних заходів: примусова лояльність до окупаційної влади шляхом залякування, катування, психологічного тиску, штучним голодом; розстріли мирних мешканців; примусові депортації та отримання російських паспортів; примусова русифікація, знищення національних культурних цінностей тощо. Багато з даних методів Росія вже використовувала в минулому проти України та українців.
Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of modern irrigants activation techniques in the process of mechanical root canal system treatment (Literature review)
Authors: Potapchuk Anatoliy , Almashi Vasyl , Horzov Arsenii , Buleza Victor
Published: June 2023

Development of apical periodontitis is the most common complication of unsuccessful endodontic treatment. Cleaning the root canal system is a crucial stage and the main factor for a successful endodontic protocol. Inability to remove debris from inaccessible branches of the root canal system, especially from the apical region, leads to and increases the risk of secondary infection. Selection of the optimal method for activating irrigants remains a current issue. According to the results of several studies, none of the individual irrigation activation techniques allows achieving ideal cleanliness in the root canal, but the use of laser, sonic, multisonic, and ultrasonic activation significantly improves the quality of cleaning and provides a prolonged antimicrobial effect by enhancing the diffusion of intracanal antiseptics, their hydrolytic and antibacterial effectiveness, which will eventually ensure maximum adhesion of filling materials. This, in turn, indicates the absence of a unified protocol that would provide stable irrigation efficiency and long-term results in endodontic treatment. The use of a protocol with combined activation of irrigants remains an open question among clinicians and scientists.
Динаміка показників неспецифічної резистентності у населення україни на територіях бойових дій під час війни з РФ
Authors: Ракша-Слюсарева Олена , Слюсарев Олексій , Боєва Світлана , Тарасова Ірина , Коваленко Поліна , Усікова Зінаїда
Published: June 2023

Проведено дослідження стану показників неспецифічної резистентності в умовно здорових осіб Донецького регіону. Досліджено динаміку стану показників неспецифічної резистентності в умовно здорових осіб Донеччини, які мешкають в умовах екологічної кризи в довоєнний період, під час Операції Об’єднаних Сил та перед початком активної фази війни РФ в Україну. В дослідженнях використовувались імунологічні методи І рівня. Стан неспецифічної резистентності оцінювали за абсолютним вмістом лейкоцитів периферичної крові, вмістом нейтрофілів, еозинофілів та моноцитів. Додатково у обстежених осіб визначалась частота клітинних розпадів та вміст в пулі нейтрофілів цитоморфологічно змінених клітин з: набухлим, ворсинчастим, гіперсегментованим, гіпосегментованим, фрагментованим ядром, з токсогенною зернистістю цитоплазми. Встановлено, що в динаміці досліджень з 1992 по 2022 р. в умовно здорових мешканців Донеччини вірогідно підвищився вміст лейкоцитів, сегментоядерних нейтрофілів та моноцитів, а також вірогідне збільшення або тенденція до збільшення клітинних розпадів і вмісту в пулі нейтрофілів цитоморфологічно змінених клітин. Виявлені цитоморфологічні зміни віддзеркалювали збільшення частки зруйнованих, деградуючих клітин, порівняно з часткою функціонально здатних клітин на тлі інтоксикаційних, мутагенних процесів та підвищення перекісного окислення ліпідів. Значне та вірогідне збільшення цих показників неспецифічної резистентності реєструвалось під час Операції Об’єднаних Сил у відповідь на агресію РФ у 2017 р і мало тенденцію до збільшення, або вірогідно збільшувалось у 2022р. Отримані результати свідчать не лише про зростаючу напруженість неспецифічної резистентності на межі зриву адаптації в умовно здорових мешканців Донеччини в динаміці дослідження з довоєнного періоду і в період війни з РФ з 2017 р. – 2022р., що віддзеркалюється в показниках стану неспецифічної резистентності, як щодо загальної кількості лейкоцитів, нейтрофілів та моноцитів, так і значними вірогідними негативними змінами вмісту морфологічно змінених нейтрофілів в пулі цих клітин. Дані дослідження можуть бути використані, як показники неспецифічної резистентності у певній реперній точці для моніторингу та корекції стану здоров’я мешканців міста після перемоги України у війні з РФ.
Suriye Krizi ve İran’ın İnşacı Politikaları: “Şii Hilali” Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: REYHANOĞULLARI Müslüm , ÖZGEN Nurettin
Published: June 2023

Batılı ülkeler tarafından Ortadoğu olarak adlandırılan Güneybatı Asya, küresel siyasete dair hareketliliğin en yoğun yaşandığı bölgedir. Bir hegemonik alan mücadelesine dönüş(türül)en bölgede küresel, bölgesel ve yerel güç yapılanmaları arasında tasarlanan ideolojik kurulumlar işlerlik kazanmaktadır. Bu ideolojik tasarımlar birbirinden farklı olmakla birlikte büyük oranda ekonomik kazanıma hizmet eden etnik, inançsal/ mezhepsel ve ideolojik söylemler üzerinden yürütülmektedir. Bu ideolojik ve ekonomi politiğin inanç/mezhepsel kurulumu açısından İran - Suriye ittifakı örnek verilebilir. Bölgesel gerilimin neredeyse hiç dinmediği Ortadoğu’da, İran- Suriye ilişkileri stratejik bir değer olarak inanç/ mezhepsel bir kurulum üzerinden çok boyutlu bir kazanıma alan açmaktadır. Dolayısıyla Suriye krizinde etkin rol üstlenen İran’ın, Suriye’deki Arap Alevi- Şii inancı/mezhebine mensup topluluklarla kurduğu ve geliştirdiği birliktelik, her iki taraf için de bir kazanım sağlamıştır. İran’ın bölgesel ölçekli bu yayılımı, Sünni Arap yönetimleri tarafından “Şii Hilali” olarak dillendirilmektedir. Başta İran olmak üzere Irak, Suriye, Lübnan ve bölgenin diğer ülkelerindeki Şii nüfusu, bu inanç/mezhep ideolojisi üzerinden ortaklaştırmak ve etkin kılmak, bölgenin kurulu siyasal sisteminin paydaşı olan Sünni yönetimler tarafından ciddi bir tehdit olarak algılanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Suriye, Şii Hilali’nin kuzey kanadı olarak tarif edilen ve İran’dan Levant bölgesine kadar Şii topluluklarıyla kurulacak bağın ve İran’ın Ortadoğu’daki nüfuzunu domine edecek bir kurulumun temsilcisi olarak görülmektedir. Bu eksende, İran- Suriye ittifakını üreten tarihsel ve ideolojik bağıntıların özellikle bölgesel düzeyde ne tür yansımalara alan açtığı İnşacı (konstrüktivist) bir yaklaşımla ele alınmış ve bu kapsamda, bölgenin siyasal coğrafyasına dair çeşitli öngörülerde bulunulmuştur. Bu çalışma, Şii Hilali temelinde İran’ın Suriye’deki politik pozisyonuna ve her iki ülke arasındaki tarihsel bağlara odaklanmayı amaçlamıştır. Dolayısıyla nitel araştırma yöntemi temelinde araştırma konusuna ilişkin literatür incelenmiş, bölgedeki tüm gelişmeler ilgili bilimsel çalışmalarla desteklenmiştir.
Impact of a strong volcanic eruption on the summer middle atmosphere in UA-ICON simulations
Authors: Wallis Sandra , Schmidt Hauke , von Savigny Christian
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Explosive volcanic eruptions emitting large amounts of sulfur can alter the temperature of the lower stratosphere and change the circulation of the middle atmosphere. The dynamical response of the stratosphere to strong volcanic eruptions has been the subject of numerous studies. The impact of volcanic eruptions on the mesosphere is less well understood because of a lack of large eruptions in the satellite era and only sparse observations before that period. Nevertheless, some measurements indicated an increase in mesospheric mid-latitude temperatures after the 1991 Pinatubo eruption. The aim of this study is to uncover potential dynamical mechanisms that may lead to such a mesospheric temperature response. We use the Upper-Atmospheric ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic (UA-ICON) model to simulate the atmospheric response to an idealized strong volcanic injection of 20 Tg S into the stratosphere (about twice as much as the eminent 1991 Pinatubo eruption). Two experiments with differently parameterized effects of sub-grid-scale orography are compared to test the impact of different atmospheric background states. The simulations show a significant warming of the polar summer mesopause of up to 15–21 K in the first November after the eruption. We argue that this is mainly due to intrahemispheric dynamical coupling in the summer hemisphere and is potentially enhanced by interhemispheric coupling with the winter stratosphere. This study focuses on the first austral summer after the eruption because mesospheric temperature anomalies are especially relevant for the properties of noctilucent clouds, whose season peaks around January in the Southern Hemisphere.
Airborne observations of the surface cloud radiative effect during different seasons over sea ice and open ocean in the Fram Strait
Authors: Becker Sebastian , Ehrlich André , Schäfer Michael , Wendisch Manfred
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This study analyses the cloud radiative effect (CRE) obtained from near-surface observations of three airborne campaigns in the Arctic north-west of Svalbard: Airborne measurements of radiative and turbulent FLUXes of energy and momentum in the Arctic boundary layer (AFLUX, March/April 2019), Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD, May/June 2017), and Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate – Airborne observations in the Central Arctic (MOSAiC-ACA, August/September 2020). The surface CRE quantifies the potential of clouds to modify the radiative energy budget at the surface and is calculated by combining broadband radiation measurements during low-level flight sections in mostly cloudy conditions with radiative transfer simulations of cloud-free conditions. The significance of surface albedo changes due to the presence of clouds is demonstrated, and this effect is considered in the cloud-free simulations. The observations are discussed with respect to differences of the CRE between sea ice and open-ocean surfaces and between the seasonally different campaigns. The results indicate that the CRE depends on cloud, illumination, surface, and thermodynamic properties. The solar and thermal-infrared (TIR) components of the CRE, CREsol and CRETIR, are analysed separately, as well as combined for the study of the total CRE (CREtot). The
inter-campaign differences of CREsol are dominated by the seasonal cycle of the solar zenith angle, with the strongest cooling effect in summer. The lower surface albedo causes a stronger solar cooling effect over open ocean than over sea ice, which amounts to −259 W m−2 (−108 W m−2) and −65 W m−2 (−17 W m−2), respectively, during summer (spring). Independent of campaign and surface type, CRETIR is only weakly variable and shows values around 75 W m−2. In total, clouds show a negative CREtot over open ocean during all campaigns. In contrast, over sea ice, the positive CREtot suggests a warming effect of clouds at the surface, which neutralizes during mid-summer. Given the seasonal cycle of the sea ice distribution, these results imply that clouds in the Fram Strait region cool the surface during the sea ice minimum in late summer, while they warm the surface during the sea ice maximum in spring.
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Authors: Delgado-Balbuena Josué , Loescher Henry W. , Aguirre-Gutiérrez Carlos A. , Alfaro-Reyna Teresa , Pineda-Martínez Luis F. , Vargas Rodrigo , Arredondo Tulio
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Infrequent and small precipitation (PPT) events characterize PPT patterns in semiarid grasslands; however, plants and soil microorganisms are
adapted to use the unpredictable small pulses of water. Several studies have shown short-term responses of carbon and nitrogen mineralization rates
(called the “priming effect” or the Birch effect) stimulated by wet–dry cycles; however, dynamics, drivers, and the contribution of the priming
effect to the annual C balance are poorly understood. Thus, we analyzed 6 years of continuous net ecosystem exchange measurements to
evaluate the effect of the PPT periodicity and magnitude of individual PPT events on the daily/annual net ecosystem C exchange (NEE) in a semiarid
grassland. We included the period between PPT events, previous daytime NEE rate, and previous soil moisture content as the main drivers of the
priming effect. Ecosystem respiration (ER) responded within a few hours following a PPT event, whereas it took 5–9 d for gross ecosystem exchange (GEE; where −NEE = GEE + ER) to respond. Precipitation events as low as 0.25 mm
increased ER, but cumulative PPT > 40 mm infiltrating deep into the soil profile stimulated GEE. Overall, ER fluxes following PPT events
were related to the change in soil water content at shallow depth and previous soil conditions (e.g., previous NEE rate, previous soil water
content) and the size of the stimulus (e.g., PPT event size). Carbon effluxes from the priming effect accounted for less than 5 % of ecosystem
respiration but were significantly high with respect to the carbon balance. In the long term, changes in PPT regimes to more intense and less frequent
PPT events, as expected due to the effects of climate change, could convert the semiarid grassland from a small C sink to a C source.
Measurement report: Ion clusters as indicator for localnew particle formation
Authors: Tuovinen Santeri , Lampilahti Janne , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles have considerable impact on climate, both directly by scattering radiation and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. A major fraction of global aerosol number is formed in atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). These atmospheric particles consist of both neutral particles and charged atmospheric ions, and atmospheric ion number concentrations have been observed to indicate NPF. In this work, atmospheric ion concentrations were studied with the aim of finding the best suited size range of ions to characterize local NPF. Both negative and positive ion number size distributions measured by Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS) at the SMEAR II measurement station in Hyytiälä, Finland were used. Ion sizes between 1.6 and 3 nm were considered. We found that the negative ions between 2.0 and 2.3 nm are well suited for representing NPF. In addition, the influence of transport on the observed 2.0–2.3 nm ion concentrations is considerably smaller than for larger ions. Therefore, we recommend the negative ions with diameters 2.0–2.3 nm as the best choice for characterization of local NPF.