bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of missing data in a geophysical series of precipitation
Authors: Gallardo Pérez H J , Vergel Ortega M , Rojas Suárez J P
Published: June 2021

The analysis of dynamic systems is a topic of great interest in the basic sciences since it allows direct inference of the behavior of different systems. The study of physical phenomena provides large databases that, if recorded at regular time intervals, constitute time series. However, time series of geophysical data in many cases present missing data and their estimation requires the application of valid methods that allow estimating reliable information to complete the series since some analysis methods require these series to be complete. Two methods are used in this article to estimate the missing values of the precipitation series in the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, the first one consists of considering the univariate data series and applying an adjustment of the sequential conditional expectation method of forecasting with restrictions, the second one refers to analyze the data series of a nearby station and through multivariate methods establish the cointegration between the series, and then use this as a basis for estimating the missing data in the analysis series. The two methods are recursive, a first estimation of the model is made ignoring the missing data, an initial estimation of the missing data is made, then a new estimation of the model parameters and a new estimation of the missing data is made, the algorithm continues running with the new values replacing the values estimated in the previous phase until the difference of the estimated values between successive iterations is less than a value fixed beforehand. Finally, a comparison is made between the estimates made by the two methods.
Distribution and Influence of Optimal Structural Parameters to Low-frequency Sound Absorption Property of the Microperforated Panel Absorber
Authors: Yang Xiaocui , Zhu Nannan , Zhao Rongxing
Published: June 2021

Noise pollution is a global problem, no matter in developed or developing countries, which makes the noise reduction one research focus all over the world. microperforated panel (MPP) absorber is supposed as a potential and practical candidate for effective noise reduction, particularly in the urban area. Influence of the optimal structural parameters to low-frequency sound absorption performance of the MPP absorber are studied in this research. The theoretical sound absorption model provides the foundation for the further analysis, and the cuckoo search algorithm is treated as the technique support. Influences of the optimal structural parameters for thin/normal/thick MPP absorbers are studied by the combination of theoretical modeling and cuckoo search optimization with the total thickness of the MPP absorber ranging from 10 mm to 60 mm with the interval of 10 mm, from which it can be concluded that the major influent factor is total thickness of the MPP absorber. For a given total thickness of the MPP absorber, no matter what thickness of the panel is, it can always achieve appropriate structural parameters by optimization to obtain similar best sound absorption performance, which will be favorable to design and develop practical MPP absorbers.
Research of parameter optimization of double trailing arm suspension mechanism for integrated wheel side deceleration electric drive system
Authors: Xinbo Chen , Yanjia Lu , Naiwen Xu , Xiang Xu
Published: June 2021

This paper put forward the solution of the wheel side deceleration electric drive system of double trailing arm suspension, through the combination of the trailing arm suspension and the electric drive system of wheel side deceleration. And the geometric mathematical model of the double trailing arm suspension based on the four-bar mechanism was established. MATLAB executable file and the program interface was compiled, which quickly located the motor center layout position under the given conditions. When the wheel jumps, the center distance between the motor and the wheel remains unchanged. According to the reasonable parameters of the trailing arm structure provided by MATLAB, CATIA three-dimensional modeling was carried out, and ADAMS was imported for kinematics simulation, which verified the feasibility of the design scheme of the double trailing arm suspension and the MATLAB program.
Research on Dynamic Resource Allocation and Decision-making Model of Equipment Independent Maintenance
Authors: Wei Xia , Quan Shi , Shi zhuang Yin , song Ai Yan , Gang Qi
Published: June 2021

This paper defines the relevant concepts and research objects of equipment independent maintenance, and defines the basic framework of resource allocation and decision-making model of independent maintenance. The solution method and key technology of resource allocation and decision model of equipment independent maintenance under dynamic demand condition are studied. Finally, the model is solved and the results are compared and analyzed with an example, which provides a meta-heuristic intelligent optimization algorithm that does not depend on the problem itself, and provides a thought and reference for the independent maintenance of equipment.
A novel method for constructing a dynamics model with the flexible characteristics
Authors: Li Yujie , Zhang Ming , Zhu Yu
Published: June 2021

An accurate dynamics model is an essential part of ensuring the effectiveness of constructing flexible dynamical systems in the simulation. Finite element method is an effective method to build a flexible structural dynamics model, but this method will cause the model to have too many orders to increase the difficulty in the simulation. The reduction method based on the finite element principle is an effective method to build a streamlined model. This paper proposes a method that combines the critical modes of the structure and the reduction method based on the finite element model to construct an effective flexible dynamics model. Firstly, the determination of primary and secondary degrees of freedom is provided by the judgment of critical modes. Then, an adequate simulation model and an experimental setup are established respectively based on a flexible structure as an example. Finally, through the simulation comparison, the reduction model and the full-order model keep the same simulation results, but the simulation time consumed by the latter is 13 times of the former. In terms of experimental and simulation comparison, the simulation and the experimental results have the same transient oscillation frequency, and the steady-state angle deviation is 2 mrad.
Effect of geometric cavity shape and diameter on mechanical properties of water lubricated hydrostatic stern bearing
Authors: Zhuo Liu , Chang-geng Shuai , Xue Yang
Published: June 2021

In order to improve the working condition of low speed, the stern bearing friction caused by poor lubrication of abnormal vibration and noise problem, this paper starts from the influence of problem, takes the circular, elliptical, square, I-shaped and triangular cavity as the research object, establishes the water lubricated stern bearing model, and carries on the mechanical analysis of the model by using ANSYS/Workbench; and on this basis, study the effect of the diameter of the cavity on the mechanical properties of stern bearing. The results show that the displacement, strain and stress of circular cavity bearing are better than other geometric cavity bearings. Among them, the mechanical properties of 3∼4mm have a better performance.
Heat Modeling and Experiment of Micro-drilling with Multi-parameter Influence
Authors: Wu Zhenhe , Zhang Faping , Feng Kuikui
Published: June 2021

Cutting temperature is essential to improve machining technology in micro drilling of hard material. As the unreasonable temperature distribution will increase the complexity of tool-workpiece surface contact, affect the machining quality of tool and the surface integrity of hole wall. In this paper, the cutting process model is combined with the analytical temperature rise model based on time to study the change rule of surface contact conditions. The 40Cr sample was used to carry out drilling experiments. The results show that the high feed micro drill tool is prone to structural differences at high temperature, large area size effect. It makes the contact conditions change significantly, and the heat distribution of system changes, which affects the stability of cutting.
Measurement and Analysis of Acoustic Absorbing Coefficient of High-porosity Nickel Foam with Different Thickness
Authors: Wang Enshuai , Shen Xinmin , Duan Haiqin , Yang Fei , Zhang Xiaonan
Published: June 2021

The noise problems have gradually become a major problem that affect the health of personnel and hinders industrial progress. Metal foam is one kind of the porous media, which could be applied as effective acoustic absorbing materials. In this study, an uncompressed pure material nickel foam with the various thickness of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100mm was used for acoustic experiments under the condition of the test signal wave frequency range of 100-2000Hz. The corresponding acoustic absorbing coefficient was measured by AWA6128A standing wave tube tester, and the corresponding analysis was carried out. It proves that nickel foam has high acoustic absorbing coefficient at high frequencies, and the parameters of nickel foam can be changed to meet the requirement of different acoustic absorbing properties.
Model-based Integration and Verification of Air-borne System
Authors: Chen Wen
Published: June 2021

With the development of aerospace science and technology, the functions of airborne systems are integrated into a smaller chip. To integrate and verify the air-borne system design, Model-Based System Engineering(MBSE) is a kind of numerous methods. To effectively support the design and development of complicated air-borne system. The advantages of MBSE applying to the integration and verification of air-borne system are analysied, and some advises are given.
Strength analysis of motor shaft based on ABAQUS
Authors: Liu Yucong , Feng Huihua
Published: June 2021

Focusing on the situation of the motor shaft breaking in the work, using finite element software ABAQUS, considering the coupling effect of interference fit, working load, and eccentric load, the strength analysis of the motor shaft is carried out. The results show that the interference fit will cause the stress concentration of the motor shaft, and the stress safety factor of the motor shaft under the working load can meet the use demand, while the eccentric load will significantly change the stress distribution of the motor shaft and reduce its safety factor. The variation of assembly interference and eccentric load will significantly affect the stress distribution of motor shaft.
Thermal-mechanical Coupling Analysis of Rear Wheel Brake of Sightseeing Vehicle Based on Workbench
Authors: Qiu Maochang , Yao Jia , Zhong Tuyi , Wu Qihan
Published: June 2021

Taking the rear wheel brake of a certain brand of sightseeing vehicle as an example, floating caliper disc brakes and leading trailing shoe brake were simulated and compared for determining rear wheel brake types. The simplified model is established by UG software, imported into Workbench for thermal-mechanical coupling analysis under 10 braking conditions. The results show that the two brakes can meet the requirements of the vehicle, the former has better performance, and the latter has lower cost.
Welding procedure qualification of small diameter thin-walled titanium pipes
Authors: Chengjun Jiang , Wei Wang , Qian Li
Published: June 2021

The small diameter thin-walled TA2 titanium tubes are used in a technical renovation project. In order to ensure the performance of the product, the automatic GTAW welding process is adopted by analyzing the weldability of TA2 titanium tubes. The process qualification tests such as appearance inspection, nondestructive testing, mechanical properties and metallographic examination are carried out. The test results show that the welding joint with good performance can be obtained by reasonable welding procedure parameters and strict gas protection measures. The welding procedure and related measures can be used as a reference for manufacture and installation of titanium pipes.
Optimization of garbage dumping mechanism of intelligent sanitation vehicle based on particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Li Yan , Chen Jiawei , Xu Xiang , Lin Zhongyan , Chen Xinbo
Published: June 2021

Aiming at the requirements of low power consumption and light weight of the intelligent garbage collection and transportation equipment of sanitation vehicles, this paper proposes an optimization method based on the particle swarm algorithm. In this paper, the kinematic equation and dynamic equation of the mechanical claw in the dumping action are derived by using the complex interpolation approach. The optimization objectives are the minimum maximum power, the minimum average power, the minimum maximum mutation of the instantaneous driving force and the minimum time-consuming of the dumping action. The garbage dumping angle is selected as constraints, and the arc radius of the dumping track, the centre distance of the mechanical claw’s groove wheels and the time-consuming of the dumping action are optimized. The optimization results show that the optimization objectives have been well optimized except for the increased time-consuming dumping action. And the driving force should act on the axis of the lower groove wheels.
Modeling of detection techniques for FMCW lidar using OptiSystem
Authors: Qingchun Huang , Kaida Cai , Jing Xiao
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we investigated the frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) lidar rang measurement principle, then designed a simulated distance measurement scheme and building the model. Using the OptiSystem system modeling simulation, the relationship between frequency modulation (FM) bandwidth, FM time and rang measurement accuracy is investigated, and the effect of different sweep parameters on the accuracy of the final rang measurement results is discussed in the time and frequency domains. The simulation tests the delay of the target at 30, 60 and 90 meters respectively, and the distance is derived by beating the frequency of the optical echo signal with the local oscillation optical signal and calculating the beat frequency.
The Application and challenge of Digital Twin technology in Ship equipment
Authors: Wen-hao WU , Guo-bing Chen , Zi-chun Yang
Published: June 2021

Digital twin technology has been widely developed and very active in many areas of intelligent manufacturing in recent years. Due to the complexity of ship equipment, the impact of variable loads and the high salt spray environment of the ocean, performance degradation was rapid and failures occurred frequently. Its full life cycle operation and maintenance was the main problem that restricts its performance and affects the ship’s ability to carry out its mission. Based on the analysis of the development status of digital twin technology and its application in the full life cycle of equipment, this paper proposes a framework for intelligent operation and maintenance of marine devices based on digital twin and discusses the challenges faced by digital twin technology in the application of marine equipment, so as to provide reference and reference for accelerating the role of digital twin technology as a combat multiplier in marine equipment.
Optimization Analysis of Vibration Characteristics for Precision Positioning Stage
Authors: Li Chen , Li Wanguo
Published: June 2021

As the core of semiconductor equipment, the vibration of precision positioning stage has great influence on its comprehensive performance. The research object of this paper is a high-precision positioning stage for chip detection. The precision positioning stage is driven by linear motors and supported by rolling linear guides. During the movement, vibration will be generated due to the influence of cable disturbance force and motor thrust harmonics. Based on Newton mechanics, the dynamic formula group of the motion table is established, and the reasons for the vibration of each degree are analyzed. Based on the geometric nonlinear theory, the cable model is established with the help of finite element software, and the influence of installation dimensions on the dynamic change of the cable assembly is analyzed. The motor thrust formula is established based on the equivalent magnetizing current method, the characteristics and influencing factors of the thrust harmonics are analyzed, and the method to suppress the thrust harmonics from the source is sought. In this paper, the vibration source characteristics of the stage are obtained through theory and simulation, which lays a foundation for the subsequent use of control strategy compensation.
Design of Intelligent Garage Control System Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Lan Cao , Yingang Shen , YueChen Chang
Published: June 2021

According to comb tooth mufti-layer parking equipment control problem, a control system based on Internet of things the garage is designed. The control system mainly includes two parts, which are the garage terminal and the mobile phone terminal. The garage terminal used arduino microcontroller as the controlling core, it used the Ethernet module to access the internet of things, it can collect parking information, park and fetch the car to the garage, etc. The mobile APP terminal completes human-computer interaction with users. After the design of the control system is completed, the function test is carried out. The test results show that the app to complete the garage booking, parking, pick-up and other functions. It can meet the requires of the intelligent garage, which has a certain reference value for the design of modern intelligent garage system.
Exploration of Design Methods Based on Bionic Functional Modules
Authors: Lv Bing , Xue Zhenpeng , Wei Hao , Li Yantao
Published: June 2021

Triz theory is the knowledge of heuristic methods to solve invention problems. The bionic model also has the effect of inspiring and solving invention problems. Both of them have been widely used in the engineering field. By consulting the existing bionic literature, analyzing the corresponding engineering problems to be solved, corresponding to the Triz conflict matrix, filling the bioengineering model into the conflict matrix, and establishing a conflict problem resolution matrix based on the bionic functional module, starting from the perspective of bionics a solution to the problem of engineering conflicts. In future design work, designers can quickly locate bionic objects, inspire design thinking, and greatly shorten the design cycle.
A method to determine the topology of custom torsional elastic element for the lightweight rotary series elastic actuator
Authors: Zhou Min , Wang Sun’an
Published: June 2021

Compact and lightweight rotary series elastic actuator (SEA) is a new scheme to realize safe and friendly human-robot interaction of exoskeletons and other human-robot interaction applications. The custom monolithic torsional elastic element is a good choice for the compact design of rotary SEA, but there is a lack of guidance on selecting the topology of elastic elements in a lightweight SEA design. In this paper, with the help of the concept of specific energy, a method based on finite element simulation environment and parametric 3D CAD environment is proposed to determine the topology of the elastic element suitable for lightweight SEA by maximizing the specific energy. By adopting this method, we come to this conclusion: The topology, Archimedes-spiral-based double spiral structure without the outer ring, can be determined as a suitable topology of elastic element for a lightweight rotary SEA.
Optimization of Bearing Displacement in Ship Shafting Alignment Based on Workbench
Authors: Leilei Cui , Junsong Lei , Cunming Lin , Ruiping Zhou
Published: June 2021

Shaft alignment plays an important role in the installation of ship propulsion shafting, ensuring the safety and reliability of ship propulsion shafting. The article takes the shaft system of a 3000m ro-ro ship as an example to simplify the model. Use the workbench platform to perform linear alignment, reasonable alignment and bearing displacement optimization on the shaft system. The results are anastomosis with the results of the traditional three-bending moment algorithm. The optimized displacement result of the bearing can be used as a reference data for shafting installation, which has great practical value.
Reactor Coolant Pump Leakage Estimation of PWR Based on Broad Learning System
Authors: Wang Chong , Liu Jie
Published: June 2021

Loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) of reactor coolant pump is considered as a critical issue in pressurized water reactor (PWR) accident analysis. Much work focus on the detection of LOCA, while little work has been done on leakage quantity estimation. In this paper, a reactor coolant leakage estimation model is proposed based on broad learning system (BLS) model which takes the advantages of the flatted structure and incremental learning. Considering that larger leakage is more concerned, the BLS model is improved by a weighted loss function. Dropout layer and white noise are added to improve the robustness of the model. This model is designed to estimate the coolant leakage in an online manner with high precision. The proposed model is evaluated on real leakage data of a reactor coolant pump. Experiments show that, with similar accuracy, the proposed model is significantly faster than the state-of-art deep neural networks.
Research on Downhole Plunger Position and Pressure Temperature Detection of Plunger Gas Lift System
Authors: Qiang Yin , Chenggang Yu , Wu Deng , Liangliang Dong , Yu Wang , Kui Li , Mengxue Li
Published: June 2021

Plunger gas lift utilizes the energy of gas production in the formation. By periodically switching on and off the gas well, the plunger moves up and down in the tubing to discharge the bottom hole fluid. The purpose is to reduce the back pressure on the production layer and increase the gas production of the formation. Power, prolong the production life of the gas well. The plunger gas lift detection is the core part of the plunger gas lift system. Adjusting the working status of the downhole plunger through the detection of downhole plunger position, temperature and pressure has important engineering value for improving the oil recovery efficiency of the gas lift process. In order to promote the development of downhole detection systems for gas lift wells in my country and overcome the difficulties of late start and lack of experience, this article focuses on the development status of the detection of plunger gas lift systems.the paper briefly introduce the composition of the plunger gas lift system, analyze the problems of the plunger arrival position detection and temperature and pressure detection in the gas lift detection system, and then analyze the current status of the plunger position monitoring of the plunger gas lift downhole. A review is made, followed by a review of the current status of domestic temperature and pressure monitoring systems for plunger gas lift wells. The review found that the detection of plunger position in my country is still at a relatively weak stage, and direct measurement cannot be achieved; however, there have been breakthroughs in the detection of temperature and pressure, especially in the fields of pressure and temperature detection, storage and wireless transmission. breakthrough. The analysis believes that the detection of downhole parameters of plunger gas lift should be developed in the direction of the integration of well digital control and data acquisition system and digital measure adjustment.
Research on Electronic Devices Suitable for Epidemic Prevention and Control
Authors: Fan Zixu , Duan Bohan , Fu Yuang , Hu Liqiang
Published: June 2021

Facing the normalization of epidemic situation in COVID-19 at present, how to effectively prevent and control the epidemic situation is very important. The traditional face recognition method is short in recognition distance and can’t recognize whether to wear a mask, so it is not suitable for today’s environment of epidemic prevention. In this paper, MLX90614 high precision infrared probe is used. According to the principle that the infrared energy is focused on the photodetector and converted into corresponding electrical signals, using gradient calibration and linear data acquisition method to program, the function of high-precision long-distance contactless body temperature measurement is realized. The face recognition function uses the camera to scan a number of key attributes in the face, uses advanced mathematics to carry out three-dimensional modeling, establishes the curvature, gradient, curl, angle and distance data corresponding to the feature points, and iteratively compares them with the feature values to realize the recognition of the face and whether to wear a mask or not. Finally, K210 intelligent chip is used as the main controller to connect with each part to realize its function, and the actual verification test is carried out, and good results are achieved.
Research on Low Carbon Distribution Supply Chain of Multi-product of Pure Electric Vehicles
Authors: Mingwei Zhang , Rong Chen
Published: June 2021

In view of the issue of carbon emissions generated by vehicles in the distribution link of supply chain, a low carbon supply chain distribution model is established considering collaborative optimization of production scheduling and distribution paths, taking the carbon emissions of pure electric trucks at different speeds under the time-varying network as the key variable. In this model, firstly, it is considering constraints such as product type, customer demand time window, vehicle load rate, loading and unloading time and service time. Secondly, an improved ant colony algorithm, a hybrid algorithm combining simulated annealing algorithm with ant colony algorithm, is proposed to improve the ability of searching and jumping out of local optimum. Finally, through the simulation optimization and comparative analysis of a random numerical example, it is verified that it can effectively reduce carbon emissions in the process of distribution using collaborative optimization model of supply chain production and distribution with minimizing optimization of carbon emissions and total travel time under the time-varying network, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is also verified.
Smooth path generation method of laser cladding bit repair robot based on 3D automatic measurement of wear surface point cloud
Authors: Zheng Chuan , Yang Daoguo , Hao Weidong , Qiao Tieliang , Tan Zhaoquan , Jin Jingsen
Published: June 2021

In the work of repairing worn drill bits by laser cladding robots, the worn surface often presents irregular curved surfaces, which brings difficulties to cladding. Aiming at the generation of cladding path on irregular curved surfaces of worn drill bits, this paper proposes a method of searching interpolation points by equal defocusing. Firstly, perform point cloud slice processing on the 3D model of the worn drill bit. Then the point cloud model is fitted by the cubic B-spline curve. Finally, the proposed method is used to screen out the actual operating processing points of the robotic arm. By comparing the coincidence degree between the actual cladding path and the curved surface, the feasibility of using the method of searching interpolation points by equal defocusing on the fitted path to obtain a smooth path is verified.
UWB ranging error analysis based on TOA mode
Authors: Liu Yawei
Published: June 2021

By analysing the UWB algorithm based on TOA mode and using the least square location algorithm, the original TOA ranging value is processed, and then the UWB ranging experiment is carried out in the non-line-of-sight environment. It can be found that the least square positioning algorithm adopted in this paper improves the accuracy of UWB ranging to a certain extent, by analysing the experimental data. At the same time, the influence of human shielding on UWB ranging is analysed through concrete experiments, and suggestions on improving the accuracy of UWB ranging are provided.
Constructing abelian extensions with prescribed norms
Authors: Frei Christopher , Richard Rodolphe
Published: June 2021

Given a number field

K
K

, a finite abelian group

G
G

and finitely many elements

α
1

,
…
,

α
t

∈
K

\alpha _1,\ldots ,\alpha _t\in K

, we construct abelian extensions

L

/

K

L/K

with Galois group

G
G

that realise all of the elements

α
1

,
…
,

α
t

\alpha _1,\ldots ,\alpha _t

as norms of elements in

L
L

. In particular, this shows existence of such extensions for any given parameters.

Our approach relies on class field theory and a recent formulation of Tate’s characterisation of the Hasse norm principle, a local-global principle for norms. The constructions are sufficiently explicit to be implemented on a computer, and we illustrate them with concrete examples.
Improving protein fold recognition using triplet network and ensemble deep learning
Authors: Liu Yan , Han Ke , Zhu Yi-Heng , Zhang Ying , Shen Long-Chen , Song Jiangning , Yu Dong-Jun
Published: June 2021

Protein fold recognition is a critical step toward protein structure and function prediction, aiming at providing the most likely fold type of the query protein. In recent years, the development of deep learning (DL) technique has led to massive advances in this important field, and accordingly, the sensitivity of protein fold recognition has been dramatically improved. Most DL-based methods take an intermediate bottleneck layer as the feature representation of proteins with new fold types. However, this strategy is indirect, inefficient and conditional on the hypothesis that the bottleneck layer’s representation is assumed as a good representation of proteins with new fold types. To address the above problem, in this work, we develop a new computational framework by combining triplet network and ensemble DL. We first train a DL-based model, termed FoldNet, which employs triplet loss to train the deep convolutional network. FoldNet directly optimizes the protein fold embedding itself, making the proteins with the same fold types be closer to each other than those with different fold types in the new protein embedding space. Subsequently, using the trained FoldNet, we implement a new residue–residue contact-assisted predictor, termed FoldTR, which improves protein fold recognition. Furthermore, we propose a new ensemble DL method, termed FSD_XGBoost, which combines protein fold embedding with the other two discriminative fold-specific features extracted by two DL-based methods SSAfold and DeepFR. The Top 1 sensitivity of FSD_XGBoost increases to 74.8% at the fold level, which is ~9% higher than that of the state-of-the-art method. Together, the results suggest that fold-specific features extracted by different DL methods complement with each other, and their combination can further improve fold recognition at the fold level. The implemented web server of FoldTR and benchmark datasets are publicly available at http://csbio.njust.edu.cn/bioinf/foldtr/.
Communicating with surgeons
Authors: Mayol J
Published: June 2021

Communication with surgeons is vital for the advancement of surgery. Surgeons should learn to appropriately use communication technologies to improve information sharing.
A Colisée in Paris: grandeur and the decline of the commercialization of leisure (1769–78)
Authors: Synowiecki Jan
Published: June 2021

Vauxhalls and pleasure gardens were emblematic sites of the expansion of the means of consumption and the commercialization of leisure in the eighteenth century. The foundation of the Colisée in Paris in 1769 addressed the desire to rival London, but this risky and costly undertaking, designed to host royal celebrations, challenged traditional monopolies in the entertainment industry. First encouraged by the Crown and political authorities, the establishment of the Colisée was soon characterized by wrongdoing and contentious social relationships that led to the rejection of any form of state control. Building upon largely unpublished sources, and connecting urban and economic history, this article aims to investigate the way in which this affair, which mobilized public opinion, was evidence of a re-articulation between the state, entertainment institutions and leisure companies.
The Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Apollo Butterfly Parnassius apollo, a Flagship Species for Conservation Biology
Authors: Podsiadlowski Lars , Tunström Kalle , Espeland Marianne , Wheat Christopher W
Published: June 2021

Conservation genomics has made dramatic improvements over the past decade, leveraging the power of genomes to infer diverse parameters central to conservation management questions. However, much of this effort has focused upon vertebrate species, despite insects providing similar flagship status with the added benefit of smaller genomes, shorter generation times and extensive historical collections in museums. Here we present the genome of the Apollo butterfly (Parnassius apollo, Papilionidae), an iconic endangered butterfly, which like many species in this genus, needs conservation genomic attention yet lacks a genome. Using 68.7 Gb of long-read data (N50 = 15.2 kb) we assembled a 1.4 Gb genome for the Apollo butterfly, making this the largest sequenced Lepidopteran genome to date. The assembly was highly contiguous (N50 = 7.1 Mb) and complete (97% of Lepidopteran BUSCOs were single-copy and complete) and consisted of 1,707 contigs. Using RNAseq data and Arthropoda proteins, we annotated 28.3K genes. Alignment with the closest-related chromosome-level assembly, Papilio bianor, reveals a highly conserved chromosomal organization, albeit genome size is highly expanded in the Apollo butterfly, due primarily to a dramatic increase in repetitive element content. Using this alignment for superscaffolding places the P. apollo genome in to 31 chromosomal scaffolds, and together with our functional annotation, provides an essential resource for advancing conservation genomics in a flagship species for insect conservation.
Locomotion and Energetics of Divergent Foraging Strategies in Hummingbirds: A Review
Authors: Sargent A J , Groom D J E , Rico-Guevara A
Published: June 2021

Synopsis

Hummingbirds have two main foraging strategies: territoriality (defending a patch of flowers) and traplining (foraging over routine circuits of isolated patches). Species are often classified as employing one or the other. Not only have these strategies been inconsistently defined within the behavioral literature, but this simple framework also neglects the substantial evidence for flexible foraging behavior displayed by hummingbirds. Despite these limitations, research on hummingbird foraging has explored the distinct avenues of selection that proponents of either strategy presumably face: trapliners maximizing foraging efficiency, and territorialists favoring speed and maneuverability for resource defense. In earlier studies, these functions were primarily examined through wing disc loading (ratio of body weight to the circular area swept out by the wings, WDL) and predicted hovering costs, with trapliners expected to exhibit lower WDL than territorialists and thus lower hovering costs. While these pioneering models continue to play a role in current research, early studies were constrained by modest technology, and the original expectations regarding WDL have not held up when applied across complex hummingbird assemblages. Current technological advances have allowed for innovative research on the biomechanics/energetics of hummingbird flight, such as allometric scaling relationships (e.g., wing area–flight performance) and the link between high burst lifting performance and territoriality. Providing a predictive framework based on these relationships will allow us to reexamine previous hypotheses, and explore the biomechanical trade-offs to different foraging strategies, which may yield divergent routes of selection for quintessential territoriality and traplining. With a biomechanical and morphofunctional lens, here we examine the locomotor and energetic facets that dictate hummingbird foraging, and provide (a) predictions regarding the behavioral, biomechanical, and morphofunctional associations with territoriality and traplining; and (b) proposed methods of testing them. By pursuing these knowledge gaps, future research could use a variety of traits to help clarify the operational definitions of territoriality and traplining, to better apply them in the field.
The cost of pharmacovigilance: a time and motion study of an adverse drug reaction program
Authors: McLachlan Gina B , Keith Claire , Wood Catherine
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Adverse medication events are associated with a significant number of hospital admissions, and the appropriate recording of these events plays a vital role in medication safety. We set out to analyse the time and extrapolated cost in reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

Methods

A time and motion study of the tasks involved in reviewing, assessing, reporting and communicating ADRs was done over a period of 2 months.

Key findings

We found a median of 69 min was needed in background work per ADR report.

Conclusion

The commitment involved in the support of this program is considerable and will encourage further refinement to streamline the process.
Algebraic Properties of Paraorthomodular Posets
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Fazio Davide , Länger Helmut , Ledda Antonio , Paseka Jan
Published: June 2021

Paraorthomodular posets are bounded partially ordered sets with an antitone involution induced by quantum structures arising from the logico-algebraic approach to quantum mechanics. The aim of the present work is starting a systematic inquiry into paraorthomodular posets theory both from algebraic and order-theoretic perspectives. On the one hand, we show that paraorthomodular posets are amenable of an algebraic treatment by means of a smooth representation in terms of bounded directoids with antitone involution. On the other, we investigate their order-theoretical features in terms of forbidden configurations. Moreover, sufficient and necessary conditions characterizing bounded posets with an antitone involution whose Dedekind–MacNeille completion is paraorthomodular are provided.
Response of mesocarnivores to anthropogenic landscape intensification: activity patterns and guild temporal interactions
Authors: Gálvez Nicolás , Meniconi Paola , Infante José , Bonacic Cristian
Published: June 2021

Carnivores face important anthropogenic threats in agricultural areas from habitat loss and fragmentation, disturbance by domestic free-roaming dogs and cats, and direct hunting by humans. Anthropogenic disturbances are shifting the activity patterns of wild animals, likely modifying species interactions. We estimated changes in the activity patterns of the mesocarnivore guild of agricultural landscapes of the La Araucanía region in southern Chile in response to land-use intensification, comparing intra- and interspecific activity patterns at low and high levels of forest cover, fragmentation, and land ownership subdivision. Our focal species comprise the güiña or kod-kod (Leopardus guigna), two fox species (Lycalopex culpaeus and L. griseus), a skunk (Conepatus chinga), and one native mustelid (Galictis cuja), in addition to free-roaming dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) and their main mammalian prey species (i.e., Rodentia and Lagomorpha). In 23,373 trap nights, we totaled 21,729 independent records of our focal species. Our results show tendencies toward nocturnality at high land-use intensification, with potential impacts on species fitness. Nocturnal mesocarnivores decreased their diurnal/crepuscular activity, while cathemeral activity shifted to nocturnal activity at high land-use intensification, but only when in sympatry with a competitor. High land-use intensification decreased the activity overlap between native and domestic mesocarnivores but increased the overlap between native mesocarnivores. High intensification also reduced overlap with prey species. Notably, foxes displayed peaks of activity opposing those of dogs, and plasticity in activity pattern when in sympatry with dogs, such as strategies to avoid encounters. We stress the need to suppress the free-roaming and unsupervised activity of dogs to mitigate impacts of high land-use intensification on mesocarnivores.
Rubisco substitutions predicted to enhance crop performance through carbon uptake modelling
Authors: Iqbal Wasim A , Miller Isabel G , Moore Rebecca L , Hope Iain J , Cowan-Turner Daniel , Kapralov Maxim V
Published: June 2021

Improving the performance of the CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco is among the targets for increasing crop yields. Here, Earth system model (ESM) representations of canopy C3 and C4 photosynthesis were combined with species-specific Rubisco parameters to quantify the consequences of bioengineering foreign Rubiscos into C3 and C4 crops under field conditions. The ‘two big leaf’ (sunlit/shaded) model for canopy photosynthesis was used together with species-specific Rubisco kinetic parameters including maximum rate (Kcat), Michaelis–Menten constant for CO2 at ambient atmospheric O2 (Kc21%O2), specificity for CO2 to O2 (Sc/o), and associated heat activation (Ha) values. Canopy-scale consequences of replacing native Rubiscos in wheat, maize, and sugar beet with foreign enzymes from 27 species were modelled using data from Ameriflux and Fluxnet databases. Variation among the included Rubisco kinetics differentially affected modelled carbon uptake rates, and Rubiscos from several species of C4 grasses showed the greatest potential of >50% carbon uptake improvement in wheat, and >25% improvement in sugar beet and maize. This study also reaffirms the need for data on fully characterized Rubiscos from more species, and for better parameterization of ‘Vcmax’ and temperature response of ‘Jmax’ in ESMs.
Identification of BASS DR3 sources as stars, galaxies, and quasars by XGBoost
Authors: Li Changhua , Zhang Yanxia , Cui Chenzhou , Fan Dongwei , Zhao Yongheng , Wu Xue-Bing , He Boliang , Xu Yunfei , Li Shanshan , Han Jun , Tao Yihan , Mi Linying , Yang Hanxi , Yang Sisi
Published: June 2021

The Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey (BASS) Data Release 3 (DR3) catalogue was released in 2019, which contains the data from all BASS and the Mosaic z-band Legacy Survey (MzLS) observations during 2015 January and 2019 March, about 200 million sources. We cross-match BASS DR3 with spectral data bases from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) to obtain the spectroscopic classes of known samples. Then, the samples are cross-matched with ALLWISE data base. Based on optical and infrared information of the samples, we use the XGBoost algorithm to construct different classifiers, including binary classification and multiclass classification. The accuracy of these classifiers with the best input patterns is larger than 90.0 per cent. Finally, all selected sources in the BASS DR3 catalogue are classified by these classifiers. The classification label and probabilities for individual sources are assigned by different classifiers. When the predicted results by binary classification are the same as multiclass classification with optical and infrared information, the number of star, galaxy, and quasar candidates is separately 12 375 838 (PS > 0.95), 18 606 073 (PG > 0.95), and 798 928 (PQ > 0.95). For these sources without infrared information, the predicted results can be as a reference. Those candidates may be taken as input catalogue of LAMOST, DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument), or other projects for follow-up observation. The classified result will be of great help and reference for future research of the BASS DR3 sources.
Local variations of the Stellar Velocity Ellipsoid-I: the disc of galaxies in the Auriga simulations
Authors: Walo-Martín Daniel , Pérez Isabel , Grand Robert J J , Falcón-Barroso Jesús , Pinna Francesca , Martig Marie
Published: June 2021

The connection between the Stellar Velocity Ellipsoid (SVE) and the dynamical evolution of galaxies has been a matter of debate in the last years and there is no clear consensus whether different heating agents (e.g. spiral arms, giant molecular clouds, bars and mergers) leave clear detectable signatures in the present day kinematics. Most of these results are based on a single and global SVE and have not taken into account that these agents do not necessarily equally affect all regions of the stellar disc. We study the two-dimensional (2D) spatial distribution of the SVE across the stellar discs of Auriga galaxies, a set of high resolution magnetohydrodynamical cosmological zoom-in simulations, to unveil the connection between local and global kinematic properties in the disc region. We find very similar, global, σz/σr = 0.80 ± 0.08 values for galaxies of different Hubble types. This shows that the global properties of the SVE at z = 0 are not a good indicator of the heating and cooling events experienced by galaxies. We also find that similar σz/σr radial profiles are obtained through different combinations of σz and σr trends: at a local level, the vertical and radial components can evolve differently, leading to similar σz/σr profiles at z = 0. By contrast, the 2D spatial distribution of the SVE varies a lot more from galaxy to galaxy. Present day features in the SVE spatial distribution may be associated with specific interactions such as fly-by encounters or the accretion of low mass satellites even in the cases when the global SVE is not affected. The stellar populations decomposition reveals that young stellar populations present colder and less isotropic SVEs and more complex 2D distributions than their older and hotter counterparts.
Properties of the multiphase outflows in local (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies
Authors: Fluetsch A , Maiolino R , Carniani S , Arribas S , Belfiore F , Bellocchi E , Cazzoli S , Cicone C , Cresci G , Fabian A C , Gallagher R , Ishibashi W , Mannucci F , Marconi A , Perna M , Sturm E , Venturi G
Published: June 2021

Galactic outflows are known to consist of several gas phases; however, the connection between these phases has been investigated little and only in a few objects. In this paper, we analyse Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE)/Very Large Telescope (VLT) data of 26 local (U)LIRGs and study their ionized and neutral atomic phases. We also include objects from the literature to obtain a sample of 31 galaxies with spatially resolved multiphase outflow information. We find that the ionized phase of the outflows has on average an electron density three times higher than the disc (ne,disc ∼ 145 cm−3 versus ne,outflow ∼ 500 cm−3), suggesting that cloud compression in the outflow is more important than cloud dissipation. We find that the difference in extinction between outflow and disc correlates with the outflow gas mass. Together with the analysis of the outflow velocities, this suggests that at least some of the outflows are associated with the ejection of dusty clouds from the disc. This may support models where radiation pressure on dust contributes to driving galactic outflows. The presence of dust in outflows is relevant for potential formation of molecules inside them. We combine our data with millimetre data to investigate the molecular phase. We find that the molecular phase accounts for more than 60 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total mass outflow rate in most objects and this fraction is higher in active galactic nuclei (AGN)-dominated systems. The neutral atomic phase contributes of the order of 10 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, while the ionized phase is negligible. The ionized-to-molecular mass outflow rate declines slightly with AGN luminosity, although with a large scatter.