bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MsDpo4—a DinB Homolog fromMycobacterium smegmatis—Is an Error-Prone DNA Polymerase That Can Promote G:T and T:G Mismatches
Authors: Sharma Amit , Nair Deepak T.
Published: March 2012

Error-prone DNA synthesis in prokaryotes imparts plasticity to the genome to allow for evolution in unfavorable environmental conditions, and this phenomenon is termed adaptive mutagenesis. At a molecular level, adaptive mutagenesis is mediated by upregulating the expression of specialized error-prone DNA polymerases that generally belong to the Y-family, such as the polypeptide product of thedinBgene in case ofE. coli. However, unlikeE. coli, it has been seen that expression of the homologs ofdinBinMycobacterium tuberculosisare not upregulated under conditions of stress. These studies suggest that DinB homologs inMycobacteriamight not be able to promote mismatches and participate in adaptive mutagenesis. We show that a representative homolog fromMycobacterium smegmatis(MsDpo4) can carry out template-dependent nucleotide incorporation and therefore is a DNA polymerase. In addition, it is seen that MsDpo4 is also capable of misincorporation with a significant ability to promote G:T and T:G mismatches. The frequency of misincorporation for these two mismatches is similar to that exhibited by archaeal and prokaryotic homologs. Overall, our data show that MsDpo4 has the capacity to facilitate transition mutations and can potentially impart plasticity to the genome.
Modelling of an Oesophageal Electrode for Cardiac Function Tomography
Authors: Tehrani J. Nasehi , Jin C. , McEwan A. L.
Published: March 2012

There is a need in critical care units for continuous cardiopulmonary monitoring techniques. ECG gated electrical impedance tomography is able to localize the impedance variations occurring during the cardiac cycle. This method is a safe, inexpensive and potentially fast technique for cardiac output imaging but the spatial resolution is presently low, particularly for central locations such as the heart. Many parameters including noise deteriorate the reconstruction result. One of the main obstacles in cardiac imaging at the heart location is the high impedance of lungs and muscles on the dorsal and posterior side of body. In this study we are investigating improvements of the measurement and initial conductivity estimation of the internal electrode by modelling an internal electrode inside the esophagus. We consider 16 electrodes connected around a cylindrical mesh. With the random noise level set near 0.05% of the signal we evaluated the Graz consensus reconstruction algorithm for electrical impedance tomography. The modelling and simulation results showed that the quality of the target in reconstructed images was improved by up to 5 times for amplitude response, position error, resolution, shape deformation and ringing effects with perturbations located in cardiac related positions when using an internal electrode.
Needleless Electrospinning of Uniform Nanofibers Using Spiral Coil Spinnerets
Authors: Wang Xin , Niu Haitao , Wang Xungai , Lin Tong
Published: March 2012

Polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers were prepared by a needleless electrospinning technique using a rotating spiral wire coil as spinneret. The influences of coil dimension (e.g., coil length, coil diameter, spiral distance, and wire diameter) and operating parameters (e.g., applied voltage and spinning distance) on electrospinning process, nanofiber diameter, and fiber productivity were examined. It was found that the coil dimension had a considerable influence on the nanofiber production rate, but minor effect on the fiber diameter. The fiber production rate increased with the increased coil length or coil diameter, or the reduced spiral distance or wire diameter. Higher applied voltage or shorter collecting distance also improved the fiber production rate but had little influence on the fiber diameter. Compared with the conventional needle electrospinning, the coil electrospinning produced finer fibers with a narrower diameter distribution. A finite element method was used to analyze the electric field on the coil surface and in electrospinning zone. It was revealed that the high electric field intensity was concentrated on the coil surface, and the intensity was highly dependent on the coil dimension, which can be used to explain the electrospinning performances of coils. In addition, PAN nanofibers were prepared using the same needleless electrospinning technique to verify the improvement in productivity.
Evidence Map of Prevention and Treatment Interventions for Depression in Young People
Authors: Callahan Patrick , Liu Ping , Purcell Rosemary , Parker Alexandra G. , Hetrick Sarah E.
Published: March 2012

Introduction.Depression in adolescents and young people is associated with reduced social, occupational, and interpersonal functioning, increases in suicide and self-harm behaviours, and problematic substance use. Age-appropriate, evidence-based treatments are required to provide optimal care.Methods.“Evidence mapping” methodology was used to quantify the nature and distribution of the extant high-quality research into the prevention and treatment of depression in young people across psychological, medical, and other treatment domains.Results.Prevention research is dominated by cognitive-behavioral- (CBT-) based interventions. Treatment studies predominantly consist of CBT and SSRI medication trials, with few trials of other psychological interventions or complementary/alternative treatments. Quality studies on relapse prevention and treatment for persistent depression are distinctly lacking.Conclusions.This map demonstrates opportunities for future research to address the numerous evidence gaps for interventions to prevent or treat depression in young people, which are of interest to clinical researchers, policy makers, and funding bodies.
Evaluation of Serum Biomarkers for Patients at Increased Risk of Stroke
Authors: Jaroslav Pelisek , Christian Reeps , Stefan Ockert , Alexander Zimmermann , Zepper Peter , Holger Poppert , Hans-Henning Eckstein
Published: March 2012

Early recognition of vulnerable patients is an important issue for stroke prevention. In our study, a multiscore analysis of various biomarkers was performed to evaluate its superiority over the analysis of single factors. Study subjects () were divided into four groups: asymptomatic patients with stable () and unstable () plaques and symptomatic patients with stable () and unstable () plaques. Serum levels of MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -9, TIMP-1, -2, TNF-α, IL-1b, and IL-6, -8, -10, -12 were measured. Multi-score analysis was performed using multiple receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and determination of appropriate cutoff values. Significant differences between the groups were observed for MMP-1, -7, -9 and TIMP-1 in serum of the study subjects (). Multiple biomarker analysis led to a significant increase in the AUC (area under curve). In case of plaque instability, positive predictive value (PPV) for up to 86.4% could be correctly associated with vulnerable plaques. Thus, multiscore analysis might be preferable than the use of single biomarkers.
Multiple Metastasis-Like Bone Lesions in Scintigraphic Imaging
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhao Chunlei , Liu Hongbiao , Hou Haifeng , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2012

Multiple benign osteolytic lesions are very hard to differentiate from disseminated bone metastasis. Whole-body bone scintigraphy (WBBS) with technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m MDP) demonstrates multiple lesions with increased uptake in any bone involved. Even combined with medical history and multiple imaging results, such as MRI and CT, the clinical diagnosis of metastasis lesion remains as a challenge. These clinical characteristics are similar to multiple malignant bone metastases and therefore affect the following treatment procedures. In this paper, we analyzed multiple benign osteolytic lesions, like eosinophilic granuloma (EG), multiple myeloma (MM), disseminated tuberculosis, fibrous dysplasia, or enchondroma, occurring in our daily clinical work and concluded that additional attention should be paid before giving the diagnosis of multiple bone metastases.
scFv Antibody: Principles and Clinical Application
Authors: Ahmad Zuhaida Asra , Yeap Swee Keong , Ali Abdul Manaf , Ho Wan Yong , Alitheen Noorjahan Banu Mohamed , Hamid Muhajir
Published: March 2012

To date, generation of single-chain fragment variable (scFv) has become an established technique used to produce a completely functional antigen-binding fragment in bacterial systems. The advances in antibody engineering have now facilitated a more efficient and generally applicable method to produce Fv fragments. Basically, scFv antibodies produced from phage display can be genetically fused to the marker proteins, such as fluorescent proteins or alkaline phosphatase. These bifunctional proteins having both antigen-binding capacity and marker activity can be obtained from transformed bacteria and used for one-step immunodetection of biological agents. Alternatively, antibody fragments could also be applied in the construction of immunotoxins, therapeutic gene delivery, and anticancer intrabodies for therapeutic purposes. This paper provides an overview of the current studies on the principle, generation, and application of scFv. The potential of scFv in breast cancer research is also discussed in this paper.
Dietary Cadmium Exposure and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Julin Bettina , Wolk Alicja , Bergkvist Leif , Bottai Matteo , Åkesson Agneta
Published: March 2012

The ubiquitous food contaminant cadmium has features of an estrogen mimetic that may promote the development of estrogen-dependent malignancies, such as breast cancer. However, no prospective studies of cadmium exposure and breast cancer risk have been reported. We examined the association between dietary cadmium exposure (at baseline, 1987) and the risk of overall and estrogen receptor (ER)–defined (ER+ or ER−) breast cancer within a population-based prospective cohort of 55,987 postmenopausal women. During an average of 12.2 years of follow-up, 2,112 incident cases of invasive breast cancer were ascertained (1,626 ER+ and 290 ER−). After adjusting for confounders, including consumption of whole grains and vegetables (which account for 40% of the dietary exposure, but also contain putative anticarcinogenic phytochemicals), dietary cadmium intake was positively associated with overall breast cancer tumors, comparing the highest tertile with the lowest [rate ratio (RR), 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.36; Ptrend = 0.02]. Among lean and normal weight women, statistically significant associations were observed for all tumors (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07–1.50) and for ER+ tumors (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03–1.52) and similar, but not statistically significant associations were found for ER− tumors (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.76–1.93). The risk of breast cancer increased with increasing cadmium exposure similarly within each tertile of whole grain/vegetable consumption and decreased with increasing consumption of whole grain/vegetables within each tertile of cadmium exposure (Pinteraction = 0.73). Overall, these results suggest a role for dietary cadmium in postmenopausal breast cancer development. Cancer Res; 72(6); 1459–66. ©2012 AACR.
Differential Expression of Senescence and Cell Death Factors in Non-Small Cell Lung and Colorectal Tumors Showing Telomere Attrition
Authors: Fernández-Marcelo Tamara , Morán Alberto , de Juan Carmen , Pascua Irene , Head Jacqueline , Gómez Ana , Hernando Florentino , López-Asenjo Jose A. , Hernández Susana , Sánchez-Pernaute Andrés , Torres Antonio J. , Benito Manuel , Iniesta Pilar
Published: March 2012

Objective: The main aim of this work is to investigate the expression of factors related to senescence and cell death pathways in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and colorectal cancers (CRCs) in relation to telomere status. Methods: We analyzed 158 tissue samples, 36 NSCLCs, 43 CRCs, and their corresponding control tissues obtained from patients submitted to surgery. Telomere function was evaluated by determining telomerase activity and telomere length. Expression of factors related to senescence, cell death pathways, transformation and tumorigenesis was investigated using arrays. Results were validated by real-time quantitative PCR. Results: Considering tumors with telomere shortening, expression for BNIP3, DAPK1, NDRG1, EGFR, and CDKN2A was significantly higher in NSCLC than in CRC, whereas TP53 was overexpressed in CRC with respect to NSCLC. Moreover, compared to nontumor samples, DAPK1, GADD45A, SHC1, and TP53 were downregulatedin the group of NSCLCs with telomere shortening, and no significant differences were found in CRC. Conclusions: In NSCLC, the failure of pathways which involve factors such as DAPK1, GADD45A, SHC1, and TP53, in response to short telomeres, could promote tumor progression. In CRC, the viability of these pathways in response to short telomeres could contribute to limiting tumorigenesis.
Plasma Diamine Oxidase Activity Is a Useful Biomarker for Evaluating Gastrointestinal Tract Toxicities during Chemotherapy with Oral Fluorouracil Anti-Cancer Drugs in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Namikawa Tsutomu , Fukudome Ian , Kitagawa Hiroyuki , Okabayashi Takehiro , Kobayashi Michiya , Hanazaki Kazuhiro
Published: March 2012

Objectives: Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation and is highly active in the mature upper villus cells of the intestinal mucosa. This study sought to evaluate plasma DAO activities during adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: We investigated 20 patients with gastric cancer who were treated with oral fluorouracil anti-cancer drugs as adjuvant chemotherapy. Plasma DAO activity was measured in all patients before chemotherapy and at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the start of chemotherapy, and quality of life was evaluated simultaneously. Results: The median DAO activity after 4 weeks of chemotherapy was significantly decreased compared to the pre-chemotherapy levels (6.6 vs. 7.5 U/l; p = 0.038). The changes in the rate of DAO activity at 2 and 6 weeks following the start of chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal tract toxicity were significantly lower than in those without toxicity (p =0.021 and 0.047, respectively). The patient cohort showed a slightly positive correlation between DAO activity and global health status and a negative correlation between DAO activity and appetite loss. Conclusions: Plasma DAO activities may be useful for monitoring and evaluating gastrointestinal tract toxicities induced by adjuvant chemotherapy with oral fluorouracil in patients with gastric cancer.
The Religious Practice of the Sādhaka According to the Jayākhyasamhitā
Authors: Rastelli
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Harinarayana Bhatt (ed.), The Commentary of Vistubhatta on the Anargharāaghava of Murāri. Critical edition. Volume I:The Commentary of Visnubhatta. Volume II: The Anargharāghava of Murāri as Read by Visnubhatta, Notes, Appendices
Authors: Steiner
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Vincenc Pořízka, Opera Minora, Studies in the Bhagavadgita and New Indo-Aryan Languages, Jaroslav Strnad (ed.)
Authors: Damsteegt
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Bruin, Hanne de, Kattaikkūttu, The Flexibility of a South Indian Theatre Tradition
Authors: Tieken
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Wilden, Eva, Der Kreislauf der Opfergaben im Veda (= Alt- und Neu-Indische Studien 51)
Authors: Bodewitz
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Le mazdéisme politique de Darius Ier
Authors: Pirart É.
Published: March 2012

A new examination of the events of 522 and 521 as they are recounted in the Bisotun inscription and by the classical authors leads to identifying the ins and outs of the accession of Darius: it is clear that the religious dimension of the military and economic organization reform was significant. The Bisotun inscription, already in itself, is that of a text we have to describe as religious: the place, the form, the language and the contents vouch for it. The religious power is confiscated from the Medes, and Darius, besides the fact he is the king of kings, becomes the supreme mazdayasnian authority, the successor to Zoroaster: the royal onomastics clearly shows its effects; according to the Darius' royal ideology as it is conserved in the Ša¯h-na¯ama, ``before Darius'', in practice, amounts to saying ``before the Achaemenids'', for the family of the Teispes, Cyrus and Cambyses has been absorbed in the Darius' one (blood alliance); on the other hand, for the mede dynasty was erased from the history, before Darius, there is only the mythical model: the Kavis, who are priests-kings and not mere kings. The absorption of the Teispes family turns the Darius' lie into a truth which his victory over the rebels ratified/legalized while those latter are liers whose lie is established by their defeat. To pay the tax amounts to settling fees which are owed to the officiant: to govern is a sacrificial ceremony. Therefore, we understand better why the satrap who makes sure that the taxes are paid is named ``protector of the hold (the king has over the deity)''. In passing, propositions are made to give etymological or semantical explanation for the following words and names: Achemenes fn. 125; OP a¯-gariya- fn. 101; OP ahura- fn. 6, fn. 115; OP ahuramazda¯- § 12; OP arika- fn. 102; Artaphernes fn. 118; Artaxerxes § 7; OP arya- § 11; Aryenis § 1; OP baga- fn. 37; Bagistanon/Bisitun § 9; Cyrus fn. 24, § 15; OP anhati fn. 51; Darius § 7; De¯rousiaîoi fn. 47; OP draujana- fn. 102; OP hamiçiya- fn. 102; Oropastes and Patizeithes § 24; OP rdu-mani¯ša- fn. 125; OP magu- § 13; satrape § 19 sq.; Av. spenta- fn. 114; Xerxes fn. 27; Av. zarauštra- fn. 47; Av. zarauštro¯o.tema-§ 12; OP zurah-kara- fn. 102.
Chakrabarti, Kisor Kumar, Classical Indian Philosophy of Mind. The Nyāaya Dualist Tradition
Authors: Flood
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Pandanus (2000) Natural Symbolism in Indian Literatures. Edited by Jaroslav Vacek
Authors: Lienhard
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Ehlers, Gerhard, Indische Handschriften Teil 13. Die Sammlung MS OR FOL der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin–Preußischer Kulturbesitz
Authors: Skilling
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Contemporary Buddhism. An Interdisciplinary Journal. Editors: Michael McGhee, John Peacocke; Review Editor: Thupten Jinpa
Authors: Hinüber
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Manichaica Iranica. Ausgewählte Schriften von Werner Sundermann herausgegeben von Christiane Reck, Dieter Weber und Claudia Leurini, Antonio Panaino [Serie Orientale Roma LXXXIX, 1–2]
Authors: Degener
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Kümmel, Martin Joachim, Das Perfekt im Indoiranischen. Eine Untersuchung der Form and Funktion einer ererbten Kategorie des Verbums und ihrer Weiterentwicklung in den altindoiranischen Sprachen
Authors: Jamison
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Lewis, Todd T. (Trsl.), Popular Buddhist Texts from Nepal. Narratives and Rituals of Newar Buddhism. Translation in Collaboration with Subarna Man Tuladhar and Labh Ratna Tuladhar. Foreword by Gregory Schopen
Authors: Lienhard
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Diakonov, Igor Michailovič and Vladimir Andronovič Livshits, Parthian Economic Documents from Nisa. Texts I (Fascicle 3) edited by David Neil MacKenzie, Andrei N. Bader and Nicolas Sims-Williams [Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum. Part II Inscriptions of the Seleucid and Parthian Periods and of Eastern Iran and Central Asia. Volume II Parthian]
Authors: Degener
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Vedisch Kapaná
Authors: Mayrhofer Manfred
Published: March 2012

Zu den vielen schönen und evidenten baltisch-indoiranischen Wortgleichungen, die H. W. Bailey in den letzten Jahren veröffentlicht hat, zählt auch die Zusammenstellung von lit. kópti “steigen, klettern”, lett. kâpt “dss.” mit iran. *kap- in mittelparth. kf-, kft, zor.-pehlevi kaft usw., das (über “ab-steigen”) die Bedeutung “fallen” entwickelt hat. Eine indische Entsprechung wird dazu nicht gegeben. Aber so, wie Bailey kürzlich in dieser Zeitschrift der verbalen Übereinstimmung von lit. šaũkti “nennen” und iran. *sauk- in khotansakisch sūch- “nennen” u.a. auf indischer Seite nur die Tierbezeichnung ved. śúk-a- “*Sprecher, Nenner” > “Papagei” angeschlossen hat, so scheint uns auch zu balt. kāp-/iran. kap- eine vereinzelte vedische Entsprechung noch in der Bezeichnung eines Tieres vorzuliegen: in RV 5,54,6 kapaná- f. “Raupe”.
THE JāNā-Passive in the Nia. Languages
Authors: Schokker G. H.
Published: March 2012

In his stimulating study of the Hindi passive (Untersuchungen zur Syntax des Hindi) P. Gaeffke states: “Neben den bisher behandelten Passiva [i.e. the old Hindi types in -iyai, -iyata] begegnen in allen Hindidialekten mit dem Verbum JāNā zusammengesetzte Formen. Sie sind in den Prakrits noch nicht vorhanden, ebenso fehlen sie im Altmarathi. Vidyāpati (Padāvali) dagegen besitzt ein solches Passiv. Das heisst, es wird nicht vor der Übergangsperiode entstanden sein, in der sich die (gesprochenen) späten Prakritdialekte zu den neuindoarischen Sprachen entwickelten.”
A Newly Discovered Urga Edition of the Tibetan Kanjur
Authors: Chandra Lokesh
Published: March 2012

During his extensive travels in search of materials for the Śatapitaka, Prof. Dr. Raghu Vira undertook a journey to the Mongolian People's Republic (M.P.R.) at the invitation of the Committee of Sciences, Ulanbator. Inter alia, he discovered a hitherto unkown edition of the Tibetan Kanjur which was revised and printed in Urga during the sway of the eighth and last Jibcundampa (rje-btsun-dam-pa). Prof. Raghu Vira was told that only two copies were printed. The xylographic blocks are no longer extant. One copy is in the State Library at Ulanbator, and the other is now on the shelves of the International Academy of Indian Culture, New Delhi. It was presented to Prof. Dr. Raghu Vira in December 1955, by His Excellency Mr. U. Tsedenbal, the Prime Minister of the M.P.R.
A Propos Du Varārhavarastotra De Mātcea
Authors: Jong J. W. de
Published: March 2012

Dans le dernier fascicule du Journal Asiatique M. Bernard Pauly publie un grand nombre de fragments sanskrits du Varārhavarastotra de Mātceta (“Matériaux pour une édition definitive du Vartārhavarastotra de Mātcea”, JA, 1964, pp. 197–271). F. W. Thomas est Ie premier à avoir étudié cet hymne qui, pendant de longs siècles, a joui d'une grande popu1arité dans l'Inde comme l'atteste le témoignage de Yi-tsing qui y séjournait de 673 à 685. Trois fragments du texte sanskrit furent publiés par R. Hoernle en 1916, et quelques autres par Sieg et Siegling en 1921 dans les Tocharische Sprachreste. Enfin, M. D. R. Shackleton Bailey a utilisé de nombreux fragments appartenant à la Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften dans un travail qui témoigne de sa grande compétence dans le domaine de la philologie bouddhique. Il a restitué, de manière admirable, de nombreuses stances défectueuses et a ajouté le texte tibétain des chapitres V–XII et une traduction anglaise basée sur le texte sanskrit et, où celui-cifait défaut, sur la traduction tibétaine.
The Genesis of a Linguistic Area*
Authors: Kuiper F. B. J.
Published: March 2012

1. A German scholar of a former generation once remarked that there can be no more important task for the Sanskrit philologist than to describe the changes that have taken p1ace, in the course of the ages, in the mentality of the inhabitants of India. What he referred to was the slow but steady cultural process of Indianization of those Aryan tribes who had once, in a prehistoric period, invaded India from Iran. The same thing might be said of the Indic languages. Here, too, there has been a slow process of Indianization, which brought Indo-Aryan, the language of the invaders, more and more into harmony with the languages of the indigenous families, in particular Dravidian and Munda.
Türkische Pferdewörter Bei Einem Sanskrit-Lexikographen?
Authors: Berger Hermann
Published: March 2012

In der Festgabe für Herman Lommel (Paideuma, Bd. VII, Heft 4/6, Juli 1960, p. 274–76) hat Manfred Mayrhofer unter dem Titel “Mongolische Pferdewörter bei einem Sanskrit-Lexikographen?” aus Hemacandras Abhidhānacintāmai (12. Jh.) acht Wörter für Pferde mit bestimmten Farben zusammengestellt, die alle auf -āha enden und auffallende etymologische Entsprechungen im Mongolischen haben.
The development of ∂/interconsonantal laryngeal in Iranian
Authors: Ravnæs Erling
Published: March 2012

The examination of the material has shown that the only indisputable counter-example against Meillet's theory is Av. (p)tar- and its derivatives -f∂δrī and tūirya-. All the other examples have been shown to be wrong, or at least to have other and in my opinion better explanations. Other theories beside Meillet's have been rejected, either because they are based upon such presuppositions as make them objectionable from a methodological point of view, or because they do not explain the actual facts as they stand. Even though no convincing explanation has been found to make ptar- fit in with Meillet's theory, I do not think that this word alone is justification enough for abandoning this otherwise well-founded theory and replace it with one which can perhaps account for this word, but is in other respects inferior to Meillet's.This article is an adaption of a part of my thesis for the degree of Magister Artium in Comparative Indo-European linguistics at the University of Oslo. I thank Professor F. O. Lindeman and Research fellow P. Skjærvø for their assistance in the preparation, and Professor F. B. J. Kuiper for valuable comments on some points in the article.
Etymological notes on some Mayāī words (Indo-Aryan studies II)
Authors: Patyal Hukam Chand
Published: March 2012

I hope that these etymological notes will be useful for comparative linguists of Indo-Aryan. Further studies might reveal many more interesting facts. A comparative study of W. Pahāī dialects should be taken up by some competent Indo-Aryanist(s).
Studien zum śrautaritual I
Authors: Einoo Shingo
Published: March 2012

This article tries to explain the following words in a new way: (1)phalīkarana ‘turning something into a fruit, (Fruchtmachung)’ designates a number of actions, i.e.,avahana, parāpavana, andvivecana, by which corns of cereals are separated from their husks and thus made eatable (tandula). (2)tantrahara used as an adjective in connection with an independent sacrifice means ‘possessing all actions (tantra) necessary for the paradigm of a basic ritual’. (3)prathamaja vatsa means the first-born calf of aparticular cow. (4)anuvasatkarana does not mean ‘the secondvasat call' but a short ritual formula likeagne vīhi orsomasyāgne vīhi, etc. (5)audumbara used as an adjective in connection with copper, in some passages of ritual literature means ‘of reddish colour like anaudumbara fruit’.
Reviews
Authors: Norman
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Reviews; Entretiens de Milinda et Nāgasena.
Authors: Hinüber
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Reviews; Luciano Petech, Central Tibet and the Mongols. The Yüan – Sa-skya Period of Tibetan History
Authors: Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Clause-Initial DvayÁm: One Less Case of an Extraposed Adverb
Authors: Scharf
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Richard N. Frye, The Heritage of Central Asia. From Antiquity to the Turkish Expansion
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Gerhard Oberhammer, Materialien zur Geschichte der Rāmānuja-Schule II. Vātsya Varadagurus Traktat von der Transzendenz des Brahma in der kontroverstheologischen Tradition der Schule
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Ronald E. Emmerick and Margarita I. Vorob'ëva-Desjatovskaja, Corpus inscriptionum Iranicarum. 2: Inscriptions of the Seleucid and Parthian periods and of Eastern Iran and Central Asia. 5: Saka. Saka documents. text volume III: The St. Petersburg collections
Authors: Maggi
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
The Epoch of the Kālacakra Tantra
Authors: Newman
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Klaus Mylius, Wörterbuch Pāli-Deutsch. Mit Sanskrit-Index
Authors:   Bock-Raming
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
A note on yáthā in the Śtapatha Brāhmana
Authors: Bodewitz
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Ekam Samayam
Authors: Tola  , Dragonetti
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Leo Both, Das Kapīśāvadāna und seine Parallelversion im Pindapātrāvadāna
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Vielle, Christophe, Le Mytho-Cycle Héroique dans l'Aire Indo-Européenne: correspondances et transformations helléno-aryennes
Authors: Mayrhofer
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Louis Renou. Choix d'études indiennes. Réunies par Nalini Balbir et Georges-Jean Pinault
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Api Vā ``Oder Auch / Or Also'' -- Oder Was? Vom Fehlgriff Bei Der Wahl in Einer Alternative: Erster Versuch (Studien Zu Den Rituellen Sūtras III)
Authors: Sprockhoff
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Indigenous Vulnerability and the Process Towards the Millennium Development Goals–Will a Human Rights-Based Approach Help?
Authors: Damman Siri
Published: March 2012

Indigenous peoples tend not to benefit equally from development processes. This is partly due to lack of efforts by states and others to respect and protect their land and livelihoods, and to a failure to consider their equal rights and their special rights when policies related to development are designed and enacted. As the case of indigenous peoples and the Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG-1) shows, development indicators and strategies may not properly capture and address their special circumstances and concerns. Information should be sought on the specific situations of the most marginalized, and development policies should be sensitive to national multicultural realities. The newly adopted UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples does, in addition to other human right instruments, provide guidance on how development processes, and in particular the process towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), may better respond to indigenous peoples' needs and development aspirations.
Human Rights of Indigenous Minorities in Tanzania and the Courts of Law
Authors: Maina Peter Chris
Published: March 2012

Tanzania has several indigenous minorities. They include the Maasai, Barbaig, Hadzabe, Ndorobo and others. Some are still engaged in hunting and gathering, while others are pastoralists. The government is unhappy about their way of life and believes that it has a duty to “emancipate” these “backward” people by “civilising” them through bringing “modern development” to areas they live in. This is through the building of schools and hospitals, the provision of running water, etc. In the process of undertaking this mission, it has negatively affected the lives of these groups. It has destroyed their property, and displaced them from their traditional living areas. This has been done in total disregard to their ways of life, traditions, beliefs and above all the right to own property which is guaranteed by the Constitution. Some of the indigenous minorities whose rights have been violated by the government have decided to challenge the violation of their fundamental rights in the courts of law. This paper examines the handling of the cases related to the rights of indigenous minorities by the higher judiciary in Tanzania, particularly the High Court and the Court of Appeal. Experience indicates that, like the government, the judiciary has been sympathetic toward indigenous minorities.
Ritualdiskurs, Ritualkritik und Meditationspraxis: Das Beispiel von Vipassanā nach S. N. Goenka im "Westen"
Authors: Neubert Frank
Published: March 2012

By analysing primary sources, I show in this paper how the Vipassanā meditation movement publicly objects to being categorized as a religious movement that teaches a certain form of ritual. I argue that the application of the meta-language terms "ritual" or "religion" to the practices taught by this movement, even though it is doubtlessly possible, does not help us solve the problems in explaining this fact; nor does it help in analysing the movement and its history. I argue that it is more appropriate to understand the polemic differentiation by Vipassanā as a strategy in a "modern" public discourse on religion and ritual. It seems that the reason for applying this strategy lies in the wish to avoid being identified with negative connotations of the terms "ritual" and "religion," such as inefficacy, irrationality and exaggerated rigidity. Instead, the protagonists stress rationality, efficacy and adaptation to the necessities of modern Western society. On the other hand, the movement also draws a line between itself and a so-called modern "esotericism" in which "rituals" are regarded as highly positive in their effects on humans.
"Nontranslatable": Indigenous Concepts in Social Science Research on China
Authors: Gransow Bettina
Published: March 2012

Few would doubt that literary translation, in addition to transferring language, also deals with the problem of transferring aspects of culture. This is far less obvious with respect to the translation of scientific literature, which is held to use a universally valid and objective set of terms. The humanities and social sciences, however, involve just as many cultural ties as do literary works. This raises the question of how one should deal with terms that do not exist within the conceptual range of the target audience, or with concepts whose claim to universality is questionable. This gives rise to the question of whether indigenous concepts are universal or culturally specific. Finally, one must determine whether the use of indigenous concepts does in fact rule out a cross-cultural comparison. These questions are dealt with in this essay in the context of debates on the indigenization of the Chinese social sciences.
Bordeaux Et La Cochinchine Sous La Restauration
Authors: Cordier Henri
Published: March 2012

Mode à adopter pour l'exploitation du commerce de la Cochinchine en conséquence des motifs qui se présentent pour un système à peu près exclusif. Quelle part la Cour de France prendra-t-elle dans tout ce qui peut contribuer à maintenir, à augmenter s'il se peut, les bonnes dispositions du souverain de ce pays? MM. Balguerie et Cie jouiront-ils sur les denrées et marchandises provenant du sauvetage, des mêmes faveurs qui leur étaient assurées sur les retours directs de la Cochinchine? Quels témoignages de satisfaction accordera-t-on à MM. CHAIGNEA U et VANNIER? Aux chefs des maisons qui ont armé les deux navires la Paix et le Henry, aux deux Capitaines et au subrécargue BOREL? Tels sont les objets soumis à la délibération du Conseil.
On kuppuru, kippēr and Etymological Sins that Cannot be Wiped Away
Authors: Feder Yitzhaq
Published: March 2012

The discovery of Mesopotamian ritual texts employing the term kuppuru (“rub, wipe”) has been a major turning point in the semantic analysis of Hebrew kippēr. It is now commonplace to find the Hebrew term interpreted in light of the concrete sense of the Akkadian, yielding the notion of “wiping away” sin. The present article demonstrates why this prevailing view is untenable by means of 1) analysis of the lexical data, 2) identification of common misconstruals of this evidence, and 3) comparison of the kuppuru / kippēr relationship to the largely analogous case of Akkadian salāu (“sprinkle”) and Hebrew sāla (“forgive”).
Polite Language in the Lachish Letters
Authors: Bridge Edward J.
Published: March 2012

A study of the Lachish letters (ostraca) that goes beyond treating conventional formulae as simply epistolary phenomena or scribal preference shows that such language, along with other forms of language expressed in the letters, reflects a culture of high politeness. However, this culture is not restrictive. The senders also feel free to express their opinion and even criticise the recipient at times, with a corresponding reduction in respectful language. Such adjustment of language use to topic and/or emotion explains the variation in both conventional and other forms of polite language. When compared to biblical narrative and prayer, the letters affirm the biblical portrayal of social relationships. That is, the biblical portrayal of generally high politeness to a social superior or deity yet freedom to express opinion and criticism, along with the reduction in politeness that naturally occurs, with it reflects social reality of the time.
The Phenomenon Qere We La’ Ketib in the Main Biblical Codices: New Data
Authors: Martín-Contreras Elvira
Published: March 2012

Abstract

New relevant data have been obtained by a comparative study on the phenomenon qere we la’ ketib in the main biblical Tiberian codices (Cairo, Aleppo, Leningrad) and their masorot. They modify the general view on the number, the representation and the formula of this phenomenon and show that it is more complex than what has been described up to now.
The “Seven Eyes” of Zech 3:9 and the Meaning of the Dual Form
Authors: Thomson Christopher J.
Published: March 2012

Abstract

The so-called “dual” form, when it occurs with parts of the body naturally occurring in pairs such as hands and eyes, is not dual in meaning as commonly supposed, but rather plural. This explains why the phrase שִׁבְעָה עֵינָ֑יִם in Zech 3:9 means “seven eyes” and not, as occasionally suggested, “seven pairs of eyes.” This “dual-form plural” is only rarely used where terms for body parts are extended to other objects, making it unlikely that עֵינַ֫יִם means either “facets” or “springs.”
A World Turned on its Head in ancient Near Eastern Prophetic Literature: A Powerful Strategy to Depict Chaotic Scenarios
Authors: Kruger Paul Albertus
Published: March 2012

Abstract

This contribution argues that the notion of inversion often functions as a key literary principle in the repertoire of some ancient Near Eastern (Mesopotamian and Syro-Palestinian) “prophetic” scenarios of chaos: the world of chaos is portrayed as the direct reverse of the ideal world. Selected examples from Mesopotamia (e.g. the Marduk Prophecy) and Syro-Palestine (the Balaam inscription and various passages from the Hebrew Bible) are offered to illustrate this idea.
ACARTIA BIFILOSA (COPEPODA, CALANOIDA): ACANTHACARTIA OR ACARTIURA?
Authors: Castro-Longoria Ernestina , Williams John
Published: March 2012

Adult specimens of Acartia bifilosa have been examined under SEM and evidence of the presence of rostral filaments in this species is confirmed. The suggestion of Shim & Choi (1996) to change its taxonomic position from the subgenus Acanthacartia to the subgenus Acartiura is therefore rejected. This report clearly shows that A. bifilosa should remain in its current taxonomic position, although further taxonomic/genetic studies on this species are necessary. Des specimens adultes d' Acartia bifilosa ont ete examines sous MEB et la presence de filaments rostraux chez cette espece est confirmee. La suggestion de Shim & Choi (1996) de deplacer sa position taxonomique du sous-genre Acanthacartia au sous-genre Acartiura est de ce fait rejetee. Ces observations montrent clairement qu' A. bifilosa devrait conserver sa position taxonomique courante, bien que des etudes taxonomiques/genetiques complementaires sur cette espece soient necessaires.
Two new nematode genera (Rhabditida: Drilonematoidea) from earthworms
Authors: Ivanova Elena S. , Hope W. Duane
Published: March 2012

Two new genera of Drilonematoidea from earthworms deposited in the collection
of the Smithsonian Institution's Natural History Museum are described.
Acanthungella africana gen. n., sp. n. (Ungellidae) was found parasitic in
the coelomic cavity of Millsonia nigra Beddard, 1894 and Araguanema
venezuelae gen. n., sp. n. (Drilonematidae) was found in the coelomic cavity
of Rhinodrilus sp. Acanthungella africana gen. n., sp. n. is closely related
to Ungella Cobb, 1928, but distinguished from it and the rest of the
ungellid genera by having a series of numerous sublateral sensilla through
the length of the body. Araguanema venezuelae gen. n., sp. n. is similar to
two other monotypic drilonematid genera, namely Diceloides Timm, 1967 and
Mbanema Spiridonov, 1992, in having vesicular sensory organs. Araguanema
gen. n. can be distinguished from Diceloides by the number and position of
lateral fimbriate and vesicular sensory organs; the nerve ring located
around the isthmus of the pharynx vs at the pharyngo-intestinal junction; a
single ovum in the uterus vs more than 100 ova; presence vs absence of an
excretory duct; long fibres protruding from the anal aperture vs the absence
of such fibres; and by the absence vs presence of a spermatheca. Araguanema
gen. n. differs from Mbanema in having a cylindrical vs a clavate pharynx,
and by the presence of anterior and caudal fimbriate organs vs caudal
only.
Professional Capital Contested: A Bourdieusian Analysis of Conflicts between Professionals and Managers
Authors: Noordegraaf Mirko , Schinkel Willem
Published: March 2012

Although Bourdieu paid scant attention to (and in fact discredited) the notion of professionalism, his social theory is well-equipped to understand the evolution of professional work. Professionalism can be conceived as a set of symbolic resources that (re)produce an occupational order, favoring expertise and craftsmanship. In neo-liberal economies this order is contested and professional powers are distrusted; professional work is seen as closed-off and conservative. Managers have become important vehicles for rationalizing and innovating production, and improving “value for money.” In fact, managerial “fields” are created, and conflicts between managerial and professional fields are well documented. These conflicts are ironic, as new classes of managers seek classic strategies of professionalization as well as classic forms of professional capital for securing managerial positions. They form professional associations, for instance, and invest in schooling, credentials and work codes. This paper explores conflicts between professionals and managers as “contests over symbolic capital.” We argue that professional capital is appropriated by managers in order to distinguish “new” from “old” professional work in larger economized fields of power.
Rebellion to Reform in Bolivia. Part I: Domestic Class Structure, Latin-American Trends, and Capitalist Imperialism
Authors: Webber Jeffery
Published: March 2012

This article, which will appear in three parts over three issues of Historical Materialism, presents a broad analysis of the political economy and dynamics of social change during the first year (January 2006–January 2007) of the Evo Morales government in Bolivia. It situates this analysis in the wider historical context of left-indigenous insurrection between 2000 and 2005, the class structure of the country, the changing character of contemporary capitalist imperialism, and the resurgence of anti-neoliberalism and anti-imperialism elsewhere in Latin America. It considers, at a general level, the overarching dilemmas of revolution and reform. These considerations are then grounded in analyses of the 2000–5 revolutionary epoch, the 18 December 2005 elections, the social origins and trajectory of the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) as a party, the complexities of the relationship between indigenous liberation and socialist emancipation, the process of the Constituent Assembly, the political economy of natural gas and oil, the rise of an autonomist right-wing movement, US imperialism, and Bolivia's relations with Venezuela and Cuba. The central argument is that the economic policies of the new government exhibit important continuities with the inherited neoliberal model and that advancing the project of indigenous liberation and socialist emancipation will require renewed self-activity, self-organisation and strategic mobilisation of popular left-indigenous forces autonomous from the MAS government.
Value after Lehman
Authors: Mann Geoff
Published: March 2012

This article considers the status and meaning of the category of value in the wake of the financial crisis that began in 2007. I argue that value is best understood as a form of social wealth constituted by a spatially and temporally generalising social relation of equivalence and substitutability under, and specific to, capitalism ‐ and that a categorial focus shows that despite massive ‘devaluations’, the value-relation is not itself in crisis. On the contrary, it is running at near full capacity, erasing the difference between ‘financial’ and ‘real’ capitals, values, and assets. Consequently, attempts to understand the crisis that rely on material distinctions between ‘real’ and ‘fictitious’ values and capitals overstate the extent and depth of the crisis for capital, and underestimate the virtually uninterrupted consolidation of the rule of the value, i.e. the territorial and historical imperative of equivalence and substitutability.
Reclaiming Marx’s ‘Capital’: A Refutation of the Myth of Inconsistency, Andrew Kliman, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2007.
Authors: Jeannot Thomas
Published: March 2012

Andrew Kliman’s Reclaiming Marx’s ‘Capital’ sets out to refute the ‘myth’ that Marx’s original presentation of the theory of the value is internally inconsistent. A century ago, Bortkiewicz purported to demonstrate that Marx’s mistake was his failure to adopt simultaneous valuation. Thereafter, twentieth-century Marxian economics worked out a ‘corrected’ version of Marx’s original theory, culminating in Steedman’s 1977 Marx after Sraffa. Conclusions Marx himself deemed central were dropped, prominently including the law of the tendential fall in the rate of profit. But simultaneous valuation is absolutely incompatible with Marx’s first and fundamental premise, the determination of value by labour-time. On the other hand, if Marx’s major theoretical conclusions do consistently follow from his premises, including the transformation of values into prices of production, then the quantitative dimension of his value-theory is internally consistent after all and stands in no need of correction on this score. Advocating a temporal, single-system interpretation, Kliman shows how ‘two simple modifications’ eliminate ‘all of the alleged inconsistencies in the quantitative dimension of Marx’s value theory’: valuation is temporal, and values and prices are determined interdependently. Kliman’s refutation is sound, but his claim to know Marx’s intentions, in E.D. Hirsch’s sense, is questionable.
Late Bronze/Early Iron Age Fortresses of the Ararat and Shirak Plains, Armenia: Typological Gonsiderations
Authors: Smith Adam T.
Published: March 2012

Walled fortresses set atop rock outcrops and hills are the dominant settlement type documented in archaeological investigations of late second/early first millennium B.C. southern Transcaucasia. These sites arose as centers of the emerging complex polities in the region, marking not only the expansion of social inequalities but the formalization of a governmental apparatus. However, there have been few systematic attempts to understand the morphology of Late Bronze/Early Iron Age fortresses and assess dimensions of formal variation. This article proposes a typology of these early southern Transcaucasian fortresses based upon qualitative dimensions of a corpus of fortress sites from the Ararat and Shirak plains of the Republic of Armenia. Variation in these qualitative dimensions is then assessed in reference to quantitative elements of settlement.