bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explainable Machine Learning Approaches for Interpreting Biological Data
Authors: Srivastava Mashrin
Published: April 2023

The rapid growth of biological data has led to the development of various machine learning (ML) methods to analyze and interpret these complex datasets. However, the interpretability of ML models remains a significant challenge, especially in the context of biological data. This paper presents a comprehensive review of explainable machine learning approaches for interpreting biological data, focusing on their applications, limitations, and potential future directions. We discuss inherently explainable and interpretable ML approaches, post-hoc interpretations of existing models, ways to evaluate the quality of explanations, limitations and failure modes of existing methods, and visualization strategies for analyzing models. By providing a better understanding of these approaches, we aim to facilitate the development of more interpretable and robust ML models for biological data analysis.
In-situ frictional behavior of subducting sediment in the shallow Nankai Trough
Authors: Okuda Hanaya , Kitamura Manami , Takahashi Miki , Yamaguchi Asuka
Published: April 2023

The transition from smectite to illite at around the depth with temperature of ~150 °C has long been hypothesized as one of controlling factors of the updip limit depth of the seismogenic zone of subduction zones. Although illite has a higher friction coefficient than smectite, previous friction experiments have little reported that the smectite-illite transition accompanies the transition from velocity strengthening (not seismogenic) to velocity weakening (potentially seismogenic). In this study, we simulated in-situ temperature-pressure-mineral conditions along the shallow plate boundary in the Nankai Trough, and conducted friction experiments to further constrain the role of smectite-illite transition in seismogenesis in subduction zones. We found that friction coefficient of the simulated sediment increased with the progress of illitization and followed the Reuss average of friction coefficients of the mineral phases. The obtained friction coefficients and the Coulomb wedge model inferred that the pore pressure conditions around the plate boundary may be over-pressured but not as high as lithostatic pressure. Higher friction coefficients of sediment due to diagenetic processes will be required to sustain the nearly lithostatic pore pressure along the plate boundary. The velocity dependence of friction coefficient (a−b) was always positive except under the velocity conditions lower than ~10 μm/s at 171 °C. Therefore, the shallow slow earthquakes beneath the outer prism cannot be explained only by the frictional instability of unconsolidated sediment. Since the smectite-illite transition mostly completes at ~30 km landward from the trough axis, the transition from velocity strengthening to velocity weakening observed at 171 °C is caused by temperature-dependent frictional behavior of illite-rich material. Hence the updip limit depth of the seismogenic zone of subduction zones would be mainly controlled by frictional properties of illite-rich material.
Age-group Differences in Trust-related Decision-making and Learning
Authors: Horta Marilyn , Shoenfelt Alayna , Lighthall Nichole Renee , Perez Eliany , Frazier Ian , Heemskerk Amber , Lin Tian , Wilson Robert C , Ebner Natalie C.
Published: April 2023

Facial impressions contribute to evaluations of trustworthiness. Older adults are especially vulnerable to trust violations, incurring risks for deception and exploitation. Using the newly developed Social Iowa Gambling Task (S-IGT), we examined age-group differences in the impact of facial trustworthiness on decision-making and learning. In the congruent condition (CS-IGT), advantageous decks were paired with trustworthy faces and disadvantageous decks with untrustworthy faces. In the incongruent condition (IS-IGT), this pairing was reversed. Younger (n = 143) and older (n = 129) participants completed either the standard Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), CS-IGT, or IS-IGT. Both age groups preferred trustworthy faces in their initial choices. Older adults performed worse than younger adults across all tasks over time. Further, compared to younger adults, older adults performed worse on the IS-IGT, suggesting that incongruent facial cues interfered with older adults’ performance, which aligns with reduced sensitivity to negative social reputations in aging. Multilevel modeling also indicated that age-group differences were most pronounced across all tasks in the last 40 trials. Together these findings suggest that differences between younger and older adults in experience-dependent decision-making are magnified in social contexts that involve a “wolf in sheep’s clothing,” which may reflect age-related difficulties in integrating incongruent information.
Negative affect provides a context for increased distrust in the daily lives of individuals with childhood maltreatment
Authors: Schmitz Sara Elena , Niedtfeld Inga , Lane Sean Patrick , Seitz Katja Isabell , Hepp Johanna
Published: April 2023

This manuscript is accepted for publication in the Journal of Traumatic Stress (2023/04/20). Abstract: Cognitive models suggest that trauma engenders distrust and interpersonal threat sensitivity, which is supported by previous evidence on individuals affected by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childhood maltreatment (CM). We tested whether CM is associated with distrust and interpersonal threat sensitivity in daily life, and whether momentary negative affect (NA) provides a context that strengthens this association. Hypotheses were based on cognitive models of trauma and the feelings-as-information theory. In a seven-day ambulatory assessment study with six semi-random daily prompts (2,295 total), we measured self-reported momentary NA, and assessed behavioral trust as well as interpersonal threat sensitivity via facial emotion ratings with two novel experimental paradigms in 61 individuals with varying levels of CM (45,900 trials total). As hypothesized, NA was associated with increased momentary distrust (ß = 0.03, p = .002) and interpersonal threat sensitivity (ß = -0.01, p = .021). Higher levels of CM were associated with more negative emotion ratings, independent of affective context (ß = -0.07, p = .003). Momentary behavioral distrust was associated with CM at high levels of momentary NA (ß = 0.02, p = .027). Findings for both tasks support the feeling-as-information theory and suggest that cognitive alterations surrounding distrust and interpersonal threat, which were originally proposed for PTSD, likely also affect those with CM.
Sense of object ownership changes with sense of agency
Authors: Sasaki Kyoshiro , Watanabe Katsumi , Yamada Yuki
Published: April 2023

Own objects are known to have several psychological effects on owners. However, the formation of a sense of object ownership (SoOO) remains unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that a sense of agency (SoA) is related to the formation of SoOO. As such, we conducted seven experiments: Participants played a simple game on a computer, where they controlled colored balls using a mouse. We manipulated the SoA for the balls by changing the delay or consistency between the participants’ actions and ball movements; the participants felt a strong SoA when they controlled the ball without delay or when the ball moved correspondingly to their mouse movements. After the game, participants evaluated the extent to which they felt that the ball was their own object. The results consistently showed that the SoOO for the ball was stronger when the SoA was higher than when it was lower. Moreover, this modulation occurred independently of the preference for balls, and the SoOO was higher when the action stemming from one’s own will rather than when it stemmed from another’s. Our findings suggest that intended action plays an important role in forming SoOO.
Which Well-Being Elements Are Fundamental for Early Childhood Educators in the Chinese Context? A Network Analysis
Authors: Li Jian Bin
Published: April 2023

Early childhood educators’ (ECEs) well-being has attracted worldwide attention given its importance in many individual, organizational, and child outcomes. ECEs’ well-being is a multidimensional construct that comprises of a wide range of elements. These elements are interrelated and represent a complex psychological network. However, little research has examined the features of this network and whether the features are upheld for ECEs across various career stages. This study uses a network analysis to identify pervasive and robust features of well-being in ECEs from diverse career developmental phases. Participants were 1,188 ECEs (1,008 females, Mage=32.19 years) recruited from four cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. They reported mental (i.e., subjective well-being and psychological well-being), occupational (i.e., job stress, job satisfaction, job burnout, and work engagement), and physical (i.e., physical health and role functioning of health) well-being. The results showed that emotional exhaustion was the most central element in the network whilst some other eudaimonic elements from the occupational aspect (e.g., vigor, dedication, and depersonalization) also occupied relatively important places. Further invariance analyses suggested that the features of the above network were largely equivalent across ECEs at the novice, the advanced beginner, and the competent career stages. This study contributes to the knowledge of which elements are playing a fundamental role in the holistic well-being network among Chinese ECEs. These findings also provide practical implications for prevention/intervention strategies and career counseling practices to enhance Chinese ECEs’ different aspects of well-being.
The Bidirectional Relationship between Smiles and Situational Contexts
Authors: Day Samuel Eric , Krumhuber Eva , Shore Danielle M
Published: April 2023

Smiles provide information about a social partner’s affect and intentions during social interaction. Although always encountered within a specific situation, the influence of contextual information upon smile evaluation has not been widely investigated. Moreover, little is known about the reciprocal effect of smiles on evaluations of their accompanying situations. In this research, we assessed how different smile types and situational contexts affected participants’ social evaluations. In Study 1, 85 participants rated reward, affiliation, and dominance smiles embedded within either enjoyable, polite, or negative situations. Context had a strong effect on smile ratings, such that smiles in enjoyable contexts were rated as more genuine and joyful, as well as indicating less superiority than those in negative contexts. In Study 2, 200 participants evaluated the contexts that these smiles were perceived within (rather than the smiles themselves). Although situations paired with reward (vs. affiliation) smiles tended to be rated more positively, this effect was absent for negative situations. Ultimately, the findings point toward the bidirectional relationship between smiles and contexts, which comprises both the facial appearance and the nature of the situation.
How Tenable are Modeling Assumptions Around Rapid Guessing Behavior? Results From a Large Corpus of Low-Stakes Assessments
Authors: Martinez Alfonso J. , Rios Joseph
Published: April 2023

Rapid guessing (RG) has been shown to distort psychometric information in low-stakes assessments if it is not properly accounted for. Recently, model-based approaches for mitigating the effects of RG have been proposed; however, these methods make strong behavioral assumptions about the nature of RG. To date, the tenability of these behavioral assumptions has not been extensively explored. Using data from 21 low-stakes assessments we investigate: (a) the extent to which RG propensity is linearly related to ability and (b) to extent to which RG is predicted by expected response probability (ERP). We investigate these research questions via two model-based RG scoring approaches: the Holman-Glas (HG) and Mislevy-Wu multidimensional IRT models. Results indicated that RG propensity was inversely related to ability to varying degrees, with factor correlations ranging from -0.92 to -0.05. Additionally, we find evidence that RG behavior was predicted by ERP, favoring the MW model; however, item and ability parameter estimates were nearly identical to those from the HG model. Based on these findings, recommendations are provided for evaluating behavioral assumptions underlying RG behavior.
A circumplex approach to (de)motivating styles in physical education: Situation-in-School–Physical Education (SIS-PE) questionnaire in Spanish students, in-service, and pre-service teachers.
Authors: Burgueño Rafael , Abós Ángel , Sevil-Serrano Javier , Haerens Leen , De Cocker Katrien , García-González Luis
Published: April 2023

Building upon self-determination theory (SDT) and the circumplex approach, the Situations-in-School–Physical Education (SIS–PE) questionnaire was recently developed, providing an integrative and fine-grained understanding of PE teachers (de)motivating styles. The objective of this study was to adapt the SIS–PE questionnaire and to gather validity and reliability evidence for use in the Spanish PE context. Three samples of 1441 students (46.43% girls), 473 in-service PE teachers (35.73% women), and 654 pre-service PE teachers (50.31% women) participated. Multidimensional scaling analyses for the three samples indicated that (de)motivating styles (autonomy support, structure, control, and chaos) were graphically depicted by a two-dimensional circular structure that differed in terms of need-nurturing teaching practices (horizontal axis) and teacher directiveness (vertical axis). Eight specific approaches (two per (de)motivating stye) were additionally identified (participative, attuning, guiding, clarifying, demanding, domineering, abandoning, and awaiting) drawing an ordered pattern of correlations. External validity was met in students (positive associations from autonomy-supportive and structuring styles and their approaches to need satisfaction, and from controlling and chaotic styles and their approaches to need frustration) and in-service and pre-service teachers (positive relationships from need satisfaction and autonomy-supportive and structuring styles and their approaches, and from need frustration to controlling and chaotic styles and their approaches. The Spanish versions of the SIS-PE questionnaire are valid and reliable measures to assess students’, in-service, and pre-service teachers’ perceptions of (de)motivating styles under a circumplex approach.
Domain Generality in Metacognitive Ability: A Confirmatory Study Across Visual Perception, Memory, and General Knowledge
Authors: Lund Astrid Emilie , Correa Camile , Fardo Francesca , Fleming Stephen M , Allen Micah
Published: April 2023

Metacognition is the ability to monitor and control one's own cognitive processes, with higher-order mechanisms assessing the performance of lower-level cognitive operations to determine subjective confidence. An open question is whether metacognitive capacity is domain-general, akin to a conductor overseeing various sections of an orchestra, or whether it is inherently coupled to each domain, resembling a collection of specialized musical directors for each instrument group. Previous studies attempting to address this question have suffered from methodological drawbacks, such as a lack of control over cognitive sensitivity and low statistical power. In this confirmatory, pre-registered study, we addressed this gap by testing metacognitive ability in visual perceptual, memory, and general knowledge domains using a newly developed adaptive 'trivia' task spanning judgments about nutrition and global economics. We found substantive correlations in metacognitive bias and efficiency across domains, even when controlling for cognitive ability, suggesting up to 15-20% shared variance in metacognition across different modalities. Surprisingly however, we found the lowest correlation in metacognition between the two general knowledge domains, despite these tasks being matched on performance and surface-level features. Our results broadly support the existence of a metacognitive "g-factor," excluding several important methodological confounds; while also highlighting the importance of further research into inter-individual differences in metacognitive priors which may explain the lower correlations between the different knowledge domains.
The Potential of Generative AI for Personalized Persuasion at Scale
Authors: Matz Sandra , Teeny Jake , Vaid Sumer Sumeet , Peters Heinrich , Harari Gabriella M. , Cerf Moran
Published: April 2023

Matching the language or content of a message to the psychological profile of its recipient (known as “personalized persuasion”) is widely considered to be one of the most effective messaging strategies. We demonstrate that the rapid advances in large language models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, could accelerate this influence by making personalized persuasion scalable. Across four studies (consisting of seven sub-studies; total N = 1,788), we show that personalized messages crafted by ChatGPT exhibit significantly more influence than non-personalized messages. This was true across different domains of persuasion (e.g., marketing of consumer products, political appeals for climate action), psychological profiles (e.g., personality traits, political ideology, moral foundations), and when only providing the LLM with a single, short prompt naming or describing the targeted psychological dimension. Thus, our findings are among the first to demonstrate the potential for LLMs to automate, and thereby scale, the use of personalized persuasion in ways that enhance its effectiveness and efficiency. We discuss the implications for researchers, practitioners, and the general public.
A Goal-Discrepancy Account of Restorative Nature Experiences
Authors: Joye Yannick , Köster Massimo , Lange Florian , Fischer Maja , Moors Agnes
Published: April 2023

The role of nature in promoting both affective and cognitive benefits has been extensively studied in the field of environmental psychology. Two well-established theories, Stress Recovery Theory (SRT) and Attention Restoration Theory (ART), are commonly used to explain these restorative benefits. However, despite their popularity, both theories face important challenges. To address these challenges, in the current paper, we propose an alternative goal-directed account of restorative nature experiences. In our account, we consider individuals as goal-directed agents and argue that the to-be-restored states that are central to SRT and ART – stress and negative affect (in SRT) and declines in cognitive performance (in ART) – can be interpreted as discrepancies between an individual’s goals and their current situation, instead of drained affective and/or cognitive resources. We propose that affective (see SRT) and cognitive nature benefits (see ART) both arise from a process of discrepancy reduction, where nature helps individuals to reduce discrepancies between their current situation and their goals. Nature can facilitate this discrepancy reduction process through three pathways: (a) by modifying goals, (b) by modifying interpretations of the situation, or (c) by affording actions that can fulfill thwarted goals. We compare our account to SRT and ART, highlighting similarities and differences between our proposal and the two theories, and illustrate how it can guide empirical studies and real-life interventions.
Disaster Experience Mitigates the Partisan Divide on Climate Change: Evidence from Texas
Authors: Chen Ted Hsuan Yun , Fariss Christopher J , Shin Hwayong , Xu Xu
Published: April 2023

What information about climate change related extreme weather events or experiences with these disasters reduce the partisan gap? Despite the scientific consensus that human activity is the primary cause of climate change, individual beliefs and policy preferences about climate change remain divided along partisan lines. However, extreme climate events and disaster experiences force vividly tangible information about the proximity and severity of climate change upon exposed individuals, potentially prompting belief-updating and preference-shifting toward pro-climate policies. As climate change events increase in frequency and severity, more individuals are directly exposed to climate change on a personal level. A two-wave survey corresponding to multiple extreme weather events in Texas and a difference-in-differences analysis using power outage data in a natural experiment from the 2021 North American Winter Storms show that the partisan divide is smaller among individuals who had direct personal experiences with extreme weather events.
Employee Recognition and Intention to Stay in Banking Sector in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Binod , Rai Bharat , Dahal Rewan Kumar
Published: April 2023

This research paper examines the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic recognition and willingness to stay in an organization. The study is descriptive and correlational. The sample size for this research was 400, where the respondents were categorized according to gender, age group, highest education level, and job position. A questionnaire was used to maintain the diversity in information collection and come to an appropriate conclusion. The study found that most employees consider monetary reward the most important and training and development as the least important to stay at the bank. Similarly, employees seem to respond positively that they would like to continue their work in the organization if provided with attractive salaries and incentive packages from their current job. In the relationship between recognition and intention to stay, it was found that there is a positive relationship between recognition (extrinsic and intrinsic) and intention to stay. It is very important for the human resources department to understand whether or not their employees are happy with what they are receiving. It is high time the management should think that employees prefer to pay and promotion, and having these factors, an organization will be able to retain them. Hence, it can be concluded as the recognition system of the banks must be improved both ways: extrinsic and intrinsic recognition.
Teaching Methods: Irrelevancy of Teacher Centric Techniques in Classroom
Authors: Karki Data Ram
Published: April 2023

The research paper surveys generic trend of teaching learning methods in formal educational institution in Nepal and it also observes departure in methodological shift from traditional world to the present one. Discussing about traditional methods in present techno friendly world, it raises questions of relevancy of them. The research critically examines existing teacher-centric methods in teaching learning and raises questions over relevancy of them in classroom teaching in Nepal. Teacher-centric methods are primarily used to deliver knowledge and information to the students and those students are assumed to have been unknown to the subject matter. Teacher is considered as omniscient and makes presentations in classroom. The methods are unable to make them interactive and communicative and cannot exchange their ideas in classroom. But, modern technologies have eased access to knowledge and information for everyone. Even students can have sufficient knowledge about subject matter to be taught in formal teaching learning activities. With sufficient knowledge about subject matters, students are expected to participate in interactive learning. The traditional way of delivering subject matter to students seems to be no longer effective in teaching when students are already familiar with the topic to be presented in classroom and teachers are unable to hold students’ attention. On the contrary, teachers would be source of knowledge in traditional teaching therefore teacher-centered techniques were dominant. The conventional role of teacher and teaching methods seem to have been irrelevant along with students’ access to knowledge and it has been possible along with the growing techno-friendly learning environment.
Community Forestry and Local Development A Study of Sukhani Community Forest User Group
Authors: Bhattarai Rudra Prasad
Published: April 2023

Community forestry is small scale, village level forestry practice where decisions and actions are often made on a collective basis, and where the rural population participate in planning, establishment, management and harvesting of forest crops and receive a many or proportion of the socio- economic and ecological benefits from the forests. Conceptually community forestry can range from pure forest cropping on one extreme to combining tree and food crops agro forestry on the other. In the context of Nepal, according to forest survey, 2016, forest area had covered 44.74 of the total area of the country. This proves the popularly known proverb “Hariyo Ban Nepal Ko Dhan”. Forest alone contributes 10 percent of total GDP; livestock get 40 percent of total fodder from forest foliage. Fuel wood contributes about 76 percent of the total energy sources used in the country, which also comes from forest. Also, much of the agricultural system are directly or indirectly based on the forest. Community Forestry was introduced in Nepal in 1978. The community forest has been defined as the control, protection and management of the local communities known as user groups. It advocates strong community participation, bottom-up planning and sustainable use of forest resources. The main objective of the CF is to achieve the sustainable forest resources by converting accessible national forest into community forest into in stages. The CF approach has been highly successful in the protection of the forest in the hills of Nepal. The local user groups are responsible for the control, protection and management of the forest. CF advocates strong community participation, bottom-up planning and sustainable use of forest resources. Under this program, 2,312,545 hectares of forest land have been handed over to the community, up to 22,519 user groups, and 21,00,000 HHs were directly benefitted in mid-July, 2020. It shows that after emergence of community forestry program, local developmental activities have been increased.
The Practical Aspects and Relevance of the Texts of ‘Patterns for College Writing’ in Nepalese Context
Authors: Gartaula Sudeep
Published: April 2023

‘Patterns for College Writing’ (Twelfth Edition) is a prescribed textbook under Tribhuvan University compulsory English for four years program of B.A./B.A.S.W. and B.B.S. level first year students. The textbook is also studied by millions of students at colleges and universities across the United States. The problem is that being composed by US writers, published by US publications and written in the US context, many Nepali students are thinking this book is irrelevant and impractical to Nepalese society. A question can be raised why this book is prescribed for Nepali students. This paper aims to address these problems and satisfy the students by discovering the practical aspects of the texts included in the textbook. Therefore, this brief academic study analyzes how the textbook ‘Patterns for College Writing’ can address various issues of Nepali public lives, which are: a) Socio-cultural issue b) Historical issue c) Health related issue d) Gender and racial issue. This paper aims to highlight the fact that the contents of this textbook, which are mostly written in American context and contain various essays on American issues, are relevant and useful in Nepalese context as well.
Agriculture Production Pattern and Economic Impact of the Magar Community: A Study of Kalika Municipality Chitwan
Authors: Dhakal Chandra Prasad
Published: April 2023

The Magar is one of the indigenous nationalities of Nepal having with special practice and pattern of agriculture-based economy. The study analyzes agriculture production pattern and economic impact of the Magar living in Kalika municipality Chitwan. The main objective of the study is to analyze how agricultural practice and pattern supports in the livelihood strategy the major.  It follows more qualitative and quantitative research design and used both primary and secondary source of data. Findings and conclusion of the study is based on primary data collected from the field study. Primary data were collected through individual interviews and observation. In the course of field visit 50 farmers were randomly selected as respondents. It is found that traditional agriculture based economic pattern of the Magar of study area is changing due to the shifting pattern of livelihood.
Experience of Sexual Violence among College Students: A Case Study of Kathmandu District
Authors: Karki Tej Bahadur , Rawal Bhagyashree
Published: April 2023

Sexual violence is a severe act of violence against human rights. There are multiple effects of sexual violence so it should be controlled everywhere. The study was conducted with the objective to explore the experience of sexual violence among college students of the Kathmandu district. The study was conducted among one public and one private college. A total of 60 students were selected for the study. It was based on the quantitative design.  The study found that there was a significant difference between the boy and girl students regarding their experience of sexual violence because more boys felt forced to have sex than girls.
An Evaluation of Inequality of Enterprising Women in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Nepal
Authors: Lamsal Rita , Hyams-SSekasi Denis
Published: April 2023

This study aims to analyze the existence of gender inequality in Nepalese society and the response of the government towards it through policy documents. It also explores the changing scenario of women representation in the political and public sector because of the government policies. This research provides a critical review of the government policies and social practices regarding affirmative action and gender equality in Nepal. This research further unravels the systematic review of policy documents and future insight into government policies to enhance the position of women in public sector employment.

This research is based on secondary data and a descriptive method has been adopted to show the status of women in Nepal. Secondary data were taken from the academic published articles and policy documents of the Government of Nepal. This research has found that the Government of Nepal has taken up aggressive steps to ensure gender equality in each sector by increasing representation of women. The latest constitution of Nepal, 2007 and the second amendment of Civil Service Act, 1993 are the key policy documents from which, women representation in public sector has been increasing marvelously. Hence, the country has been moving towards gender equality and has impacted positively on society. It could be an example for other developing countries as well.
Gandhi; His Body and Politics
Authors: Yadav Madan Ray
Published: April 2023

This article explores and analyses the charismatic leadership of M.K. Gandhi possessing the inspiring image in the Indian history. It concerns with the power of spirituality, knowledge of history and the self that gives people insights into life for the change and identification. Gandhi has been an icon who influences people to come up with dynamic-self. Being inspired by Leo Tolstoy and Buddha, Gandhi rightly understood the power of meditation, yoga, deep patience and incessant struggle that became the greatest weapon for him to uproot the tyrannical reign of the British from India. Based on Indic way; self, performance and rituals, the research explores and analyses the veiled fact of the sacrifices, passion and cognition of Gandhi, the body and its power.  The performative body is acknowledged identical to the realized, knowledgeable and conscious body that helps people to understand the politics and the body of Gandhi that has been the synonymous of powerhouse and resourceful human power. Being vegetarian, truthful, sincere, obedient and revolutionary for the changes, Gandhi has been an inspiration and god man in India.
Significance of Providing Index-based Accurate Treatment Time Estimates to Patients Before Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Samreen Shama , Joneja Purva
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment duration has always been a topic of concern to patients and one of the aims of orthodontic treatment is to minimize the overall treatment time.
Aim and Objective: To determine the benefits of providing index-based accurate treatment duration to patients before orthodontic treatment in practice management.
Materials and Method: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was the chosen method of research. A multiple choice and dichotomous question questionnaire was structured with 15 relevant questions to be filled in by the respondents to deduce the required information. The survey was circulated to 100 postgraduate students and orthodontists using various social media platforms who responded to the survey.
Result: In general, young adults (51.0%) demanded the approximate treatment time before treatment and 50% of the clinicians provided an accurate estimate of treatment time to the patients before treatment. For simple orthodontic cases, PAR Score was the index of choice and for complex orthodontic cases, ABO-DI index was preferred.
Conclusion: Accurate estimation of treatment duration before treatment resulted in highly motivated, happy and satisfied patients. It also saved the time and resources of orthodontists.
Comparison of inter-radicular distance and buccal cortical bone thickness in Class I and Class II skeletal malocclusion patterns
Authors: Sangroula Samikshya , Mahto Ravi Kumar , Mishra Rajeev , Shrestha Suja , Kafle Dashrath
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Knowledge of the safe zone of mini-implant placement guides clinicians in choosing where to place mini-implants. Several studies evaluated the safe zone for mini-implants placement, but only a very few previous studies have taken different skeletal patterns into account when assessing measurements.
Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional, comparative study was to compare the inter-radicular distance and buccal cortical bone thickness in Class I and Class II skeletal malocclusion patterns.
Materials and Methods: A total of 62 CBCT images of patients with Class I and Class II skeletal malocclusion were obtained from the records of the department of Oral medicine and Radiology, Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital. The inter-radicular distance and buccal cortical bone thickness were measured at four different heights (2, 4, 6 and 8 mm) from the CEJ towards the apex. These measurements were measured between different skeletal pattern and gender with independent t-test. The intergroup comparison at different height from CEJ was done with ANOVAfollowed by Tukey's post-hoc test to see the difference within the category.
Result: There was a statistically significant difference observed in the inter-radicular distance between the maxillary first and second premolars at a height of 6 mm between Class I and Class II malocclusion patterns (p = 0.03). There were differences observed in the inter-radicular distance of the mandible at a different height based on skeletal malocclusion pattern, which was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The buccal cortical bone thickness between the maxillary central and lateral incisors at the height of 2 mm from CEJ between Class I and Class II skeletal malocclusion patterns was statistically significant (p = 0.01). The buccal cortical bone thickness of the mandible at different heights based on skeletal malocclusion pattern there were differences observed which were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The inter-radicular distance and buccal cortical bone thickness could be influenced by different skeletal patterns and tend to increase from the CEJ to the apex in both Class I and Class II skeletal patterns.
The situation and solutions to attract FDI into the processing and manufacturing industry toward the goal of sustainableeconomic development in Vietnam in the current period
Authors:   Thuongmai University, Nguyen Thi Quynh Huong
Published: April 2023

The processing and manufacturing industry is the leading industry in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam, and at the same time is the growth engine for the development of the whole economy. However, the efficiency of attracting FDI capital for the processing and manufacturing industry has not absolutely achieved the expected results. Therefore, the role of FDI in the processing and manufacturing industry has not been fully demonstrated in economic development. Based on the statistical data, the author analyses and evaluates the current situation of attracting FDI into the processing and manufacturing industry in Vietnam for the period 2011-2021, thereby proposing solutions to promote FDI attraction in the processing and manufacturing industry toward the goal of sustainable economic development.
Digital skills labour in the retail industry in the context of digital transformation: Some recommendations
Authors:   University of Labour and Social Affairs, Doan Thi Yen , Nguyen Thi Hong ,   University of Labour and Social Affairs, Doan To Nhu ,   University of Labour and Social Affairs
Published: April 2023

Digital transformation is creating many opportunities and challenges for businesses in general and retail businesses in particular. Today, one of the challenges facing is to have a digital workforce that meets the requirements in the context of digital transformation businesses. In fact, the existing digital labour of retail businesses, as well as the digitally skilled human resources in the labour market for retail businesses, have not met the requirements. Based on the secondary and primary data collected from the survey of 59 votes in retail enterprises, combined with the results of interviews with experts and business leaders, the article gave an overview of the current situation of the digital labour in retail businesses and proposed some recommendations to develop the digital labour in retail businesses in the context of digital transformation.
Hypersensitivity Reaction Incidence Patterns and Risk Factors of Iodinated Contrast Media
Authors:   KOREA SOCIETY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY, Kim Dong-Hwi , Mun Jong-Hyeon , Kim Jun-Hwan , Yun Seung-Wan , Park Hwan-Sang , Kim Chang-Kon , Kim Yeong-Deok
Published: April 2023

The subjects of this study were 2,798 patients who experienced hypersensitivity reaction of contrast media among 72,910 who had had iodinated contrast media administered intravenously and CT examination at our hospital. Retrospective survey was conducted with these subjects. Their age, gender, hypersensitivity reaction symptoms, prepare methods for the patients who had previous hypersensitivity reaction of contrast media, and contrast media administered were analyzed. When it came to the hypersensitivity reaction incidence of contrast media, women and patients aged less than 60 had the high risk of the reaction. Even if patients had previous contrast media hypersensitivity reaction, their hypersensitivity reaction incidence risk was reduced as they had an appropriate premedication drug administered and contrast media were changed. Regarding the hypersensitivity reaction incidence rate by contrast media, Iopromide’s hypersensitivity reaction incidence rate was significantly high, whereas Iohexol and Ioversol had low incidence rates. In order to prevent contrast media hypersensitivity reaction recurrence, it is preferentially necessary to change a contrast media to a different one without reuse of causative contrast media, rather than to use a premedication drug only. Along with that, it is necessary to administer a premedication drug.
Usefulness Evaluation of Algorithm for Reducing Noise and Artifact in CT Guided Biopsy Using Fine Needles
Authors:   KOREA SOCIETY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY, Lee Soo-Been , Kim Sang-Hun , Sung Dong-Chan , Kim Wan-Youk
Published: April 2023

This study analyzed the usefulness of standard, bone, edge and FBP, ASIR, ASIR-V, MAR algorithm to reduce noise caused by low mA and to reduce artifacts caused by fine needle. The CT number value measured through the phantom study was higher in order of MAR, edge, bone, and standard algorithm. In the case of using the ASIR-V in the algorithm excluding MAR, the noise value was reduced compared to the case of using ASIR. In particular, the edge algorithm showed an average noise reduction effect of 4.59times when ASIR-V was applied compared to other algorithms and also scored high in the sharpness of the fine needle. MAR algorithm has the highest CT number and the lowest noise value, but it is difficult to apply clinically because of the severe distortion of the fine needles. As a result of this study, it is considered that the application of edge algorithm with ASIR-V algorithm will be more useful than the application of MAR algorithm in CT examination using fine needles.
A Study on the Difference in the Diameter of the Thoracic Aorta according to the Use of Contrast Medium in Computed Tomography
Authors:   KOREA SOCIETY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY, Park Sang-hoon , Baek Il-hwa , Park Jae-yeon , Koo Hae-jung , Kim Dong-hwan , Joo Young-Cheol
Published: April 2023

Computed tomography imaging has become a recognized and widely used procedure for the evaluation of patients with aortic dissection, stenosis or aneurysm. In CT, an accurate assessment of the size of the aorta plays a key role in detecting the aneurysm and determining how to treat it. However, despite this pivotal role of CT, there is little data on how accurately a CT scan measures the size of the actual thoracic aorta. Specialists in the Department of Radiology have determined that if the diameter of the thoracic aorta is greater than 40 ㎜, there is a finding of thoracic aortic dilatation, but if these criteria differ from non-contrast CT and Contrast CT, the determination may be difficult, and research is needed. This study was to present the average value and difference in diameter measurement of the thoracic aorta in non-contrast and contrast multi-detection computed tomography images and to see how the value varies with gender, age, and vendor.
INFOGRAFÍA: Movilidad Humana en Jalisco
Authors: Martínez Hernández Mejía Iliana
Published: April 2023

Esta infografía muestra algunos de los principales datos oficiales en relación con flujos migratorios presentes en Jalisco.
Implementation of testing methods ("2 ball" and "6 ball" test) at the stage of student selection for sports improvement groups in futsal
Authors: Bobr V.I. , Deineko I.V. , Skidan I.V. , Lukashova I.V.
Published: April 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of testing to check indicators of technical-tactical and speed-strength endurance of students who expressed a desire to specialize in futsal. The application of tests at the stage of selection of students in futsal to PSM groups is considered. The given list of tests is sufficiently productive to determine the level of technical and tactical preparation, which helps to quickly and effectively determine the level of physical preparation in futsal. The proposed testing exercises are aimed both at developing the players' cognitive functions and at determining the accuracy of movements during their execution. It is recommended for the optimal evaluation of the individual level of technical preparation of football players, which objectively reflects the level of performance of specific elements of movement technique. The specified motor tests (speed, dexterity, explosive power) can be attributed to motor exercises of complex orientation. When performing the tests, elements of spatial and temporal orientation were used, which emphasizes the multifunctionality of the given exercises. The execution of the tests accelerated the moment of adaptation of the players, both to the requirements and to work in the team. The analysis of the test results reveals the presence of tendencies towards higher indicators of speed-power orientation in the group, which is probably due to the level of training and higher indicators of physical development.
Passport and biological age of young kickboxers aged 12-13 years and boys of the same age who do not play sports: a comparative analysis
Authors: Zhernovnikova Y. , Aleksieieva I. , Aleksienko Y.
Published: April 2023

The purpose of is to determine the levels of biological development of young kickboxers aged 12-13 and boys of the same age who do not play sports. The study was conducted on the basis of the Children's and Youth Sports School «KHFTI» and the communal institution «Lyceum of Ruska Lozova» of the Dergachy District Council of the Kharkiv Region. 28 kickboxers (boys) of the group of pre-basic training of the first and second year of study and 30 boys of 12-13 years who do not play sports took part in the study. In the process of research, methods of analysis and generalization of scientific, educational and methodological and special literature on medicine were used - in order to establish the state of development of the researched problem. Empirical: pedagogical observation during training classes and lessons on physical education of students, anthropometric measurements, determination of biological age and methods of mathematical statistics. The calculation of the levels of biological development was carried out according to the criterion of K. Hirat. It is based on the analysis of height and weight ratios of the human body. Kickboxing athletes showed a lower level of biological development compared to non-athletic boys. The biological age is lower than the passport age in the group of athletes, the biological age is higher than the passport age in the group of boys who do not play sports. The study demonstrates the positive impact of systematic physical activity on reducing biological age and levels of biological development. This type of physical activity can be recommended to teenagers in building programs of optimal movement mode.
Review of existing programs and projects in European countries aimed at increasing physical activity of adult population in Ukraine
Authors: Karabanov Y. , Sivohop E. , Kubrak S. , Kudriashova T.
Published: April 2023

This article provides an overview of programs and projects that exist in European countries aimed at increasing physical activity among adult populations in Ukraine. The authors conducted research to find out what programs and projects have been implemented in Europe and describe their potential for application in Ukraine. The article provides information about various programs and projects that include individual and group sessions, events promoting healthy lifestyles, the use of technology, and more. The described programs and projects demonstrate diverse approaches to increasing physical activity and can be used in Ukraine, taking into account the country's cultural and socio- economic ccharacteristics In addition, the article draws conclusions about which programs and projects may be more successful under Ukraine's conditions and offers some recommendations for their successful implementation. Overall, this article is a valuable resource for those working on health and physical activity issues in Ukraine. The article also emphasizes the importance of collaboration between various sectors of society, including government and non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, and businesses, for the effective increase of physical activity among the adult population.

The main focus of the article is on the connection between the experience of existing programs and projects in European countries and their applicability in Ukraine. The article highlights certain cultural, social, and economic context features in Ukraine that may affect the success of implementation and realization of such programs and projects.