bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Production Management Skills on the Production Level of ESP Financed Aquaculture Farms in Kisumu West Constituency, Kenya
Authors: Ochieng James Owek , Ahonobadha Ochieng’ Marilyn , Onyango George Mark
Published: June 2021

The Kenyan Economic Stimulus Program was developed with an objective to spur regional development. The program targeted the establishment of 200 fish ponds in the selected constituencies in Kenya. Farmers were trained on production management skills and capacity building by the department of fisheries and other institutions sharing similar objectives. In spite of this intervention, there has been a declining trend in the production of fish in Kisumu West Constituency. This study therefore sought to establish if a significant relationship existed between the decline in the performance of aquaculture farms and acquisition of production management skills. The main objective of the study was to establish the effect of farmer production management skills on production levels of the Economic Stimulus Program financed aquaculture farming projects in Kisumu West Constituency, Kisumu County, Kenya. A total of 389 farmers were interviewed. The population of 417 farmers consisted of farmers with different forms of financing including economic stimulus, personal, and Sacco/group loans. A descriptive survey design was employed to collect both quantitative and qualitative data to achieve the objective of the study. Data was collected using guided interview schedules, key informant interviews, observation, and the use of periodicals, publications, and journals for secondary data. Data was summarised using pivot tables analysed using thematic analysis, percentages, mean, frequency distribution, chi-square and Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the variables. The data was then presented using text, tables and graphs. It was established that capacity building and training on technical and post-harvest management skills was not effectively done by the extension officers at the initiation stage of the projects and subsequently during the project implementation. This led to a decline in the performance of farms and a high dropout rate of farmers. As a result, the objective of ESP as far as commercialisation of aquaculture farms was not achieved. The study recommends the development of aquaculture best production management practice and integrated farmer training program across the Constituency.
Athari za Kimofosintaksia za Ngeli za Luganda katika Matumizi ya Kiswahili Sanifu Miongoni mwa Wanafunzi Shuleni, Uganda
Authors: Martin Mulei , Nanyama Debora , Ambuyo Beverlyne
Published: June 2021

Makala hii inaonesha athari za kimofosintaksia za ngeli za Luganda katika matumizi ya Kiswahili sanifu. Makala hii inatokana na kuwa, Luganda na Kiswahili huainisha ngeli kutumia mfumo mmoja na matumizi yake kuzingatia sheria za kuonyesha upatanishi wa kisarufi wa nomino na maneno mengine katika tungo kimofosintaksia. Uwiano na tofauti za kanuni za matumizi ya vipashio vya kimofosintaksia baina ya lugha asili na Kiswahili sanifu umeripotiwa kuingiliana na kuathiri matumizi ya Kiswahili sanifu. Utafiti huu ulifanywa baada ya kubaini kuwa maandishi na mazungumzo ya wanafunzi ambao lugha yao ya kwanza ni Luganda na ambao wanajifunza Kiswahili kama lugha ya pili ulikiuka utaratibu wa kisarufi wa matumizi ya Kiswahili sanifu. Data ilitokana na uchanganuzi wa maandishi na mazungumzo ya wanafunzi 117, usaili na mijadala ya walimu 30 kutoka shule za upili 15 teule, wilayani Kampala, Uganda. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na mihimili ya sarufi bia na upatanifu wa nadharia ya Umilikifu na unganifu (Chomsky, 1981) ambayo huonesha ubia wa lugha na hali ya vipashio fulani vya kisarufi kutawala vipashio vingine katika tungo. Matokeo ya tathmini ya kanuni za matumizi ya kipashio cha kimofosintaksia cha ngeli za Luganda katika matumizi ya Kiswahili sanifu yalidhihirisha athari za; uhamishaji wa maumbo, mofofonolojia, ubebaji wa viambishi vya ngeli tofauti, uchopekaji wa viambishi, ubadilishanaji wa viambishi ngeli, uchanganyaji wa maumbo na ujumlishaji wa viambishi vya msingi vya ngeli ya Luganda katika matumizi ya Kiswahili sanifu. Makala hii inatarajiwa kuwasaidia walimu na wanafunzi kutambua athari za lugha ya kwanza katika matumizi ya Kiswahili sanifu, kuweka mikakati ya kuondokana na athari hizi kujenga matumizi bora ya Kiswahili sanifu.
Gaya Kepemimpinan Path Goal Theory dan Produktivitas Pamong Desa
Authors: Azizah Siti Nur
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan path goal terhadap produktivitas pamong desa. Metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif digunakan untuk menjelaskan fenomena dan menganalisis pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan dan produktivitas. 100 sampel dari staf desa di Kebumen, Jawa Tengah Indonesia mengisi kuesioner yang dipilih secara acak dan data diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS 25. Uji hipotesis dan korelasi dilakukan dan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan berorientasi pestasi memiliki pengaruh signifikan yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas aparatur desa. Sedangkan gaya kepemimpinan direktif, gaya kepemimpinan suportif, dan gaya kepemimpinan partisipatif tidak berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas aparatur desa. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan berorientasi prestasi dapat diaplikansikan sebagai model kepemimpinan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pamong desa
Determinan Pembelian Impulsif di Marketplace: Peran E-environment dan Efektivitas Iklan dan Shopping Enjoyment
Authors: Wiwoho Gunarso
Published: June 2021

Perkembangan teknologi informasi menuntut setiap usaha untuk meningkatkan inovasi layanan, salah satunya adalah dengan strategi yang memicu pembelian tidak terencana atau pembelian impulsif. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui peran E-environment dan efektivitas iklan terhadap pembelian impulsif melalui shopping enjoyment pada pengguna marketplace di Kabupaten Kebumen. Survei dilakukan pada bulan November 2020-Januari 2021 dengan melibatkan sebanyak 312 masyarakat pengguna marketplace. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah path analysis dengan bantuan SPSS versi 25. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional atau metode survei. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa E-environment dan efektivitas iklan berpengaruh terhadap shopping enjoyment. Disamping itu, shopping enjoyment memiliki peran mediasi yang menjembatani hubungan variabel independen dan depeneden didalam model penelitian. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran dan strategi bagi manajemen untuk meningkatkan penjualan melalui pembelian impulsif.
The relationship between farmers’ quality of life and their leadership competencies
Authors: Windon Suzanna , Robotham Daniel
Published: June 2021

This quantitative study sought to explore Pennsylvania farmers’ perceptions of their quality of life during their busiest farm season and its relationship with farmers’ self-leadership and ability to lead others’ competencies. The convenience, unrestricted, self-selecting, and chain-referral sampling approaches were used to collect online data. The final data set included responses from 59 farmers. The overall mean score for self-leadership competencies was 3.93 (SD = .48), ability to lead others’ competencies was 3.96 (SD = .50), and farmers’ quality of life was 3.49 (SD = .69). A significant positive association found between farmers’ quality of life and self-leadership competencies (r = .64 p = .001), and ability to lead others’ competencies (r = .24 p = .013). Approximately 43 % of the variance in overall farmers’ quality of life was explained by farmers’ self-leadership and ability to lead others’ competencies. Extension practitioners should develop a leadership program for farmers that will address the following areas: farmers’ work-life balance during busy season and difficult conversations with farm employees.
Access to Maternal Healthcare Services during the Pandemic in Specialized Hospitals for Mother and Child
Authors: Abigael S. Pagatiku  , Tentia Vitariani  , Ibrahim Shihata  , Bambang Ariyanto
Published: June 2021

This research aims to see how is access to maternal services in the pandemic era. Maternal patients with COVID-19 without symptoms (co-incidence) can only access a limited number of health facilities and make it more challenging to access healthcare services. Whereas previously, with the integrated referral system, it was easier for patients to access healthcare services. All childbirth during the pandemic takes place in a Healthcare Facility. Pregnant women with suspected, probable, and confirmed COVID-19 would have childbirth at a COVID-19 referral hospital. Based on our study results, as the conclusion, patients with an integrated referral system will be easy to get access to healthcare services. Maternal patients with confirmed COVID-19 without any symptoms have limited access to the health facilities, making access to healthcare services is not easy as before. Easy access to healthcare services is a patient’s right, including a pregnant women’s right with confirmed COVID-19. Therefore, the government needs to increase the number of COVID-19 Referral Hospital. To provide healthcare services, the Specialized Hospital for Mother and Child can handle the normal childbirth of COVID-19 patients. It is necessary to make regulations on the childbirth of COVID-19 patients at the Specialized Hospital for Mother and Child.
Older and younger adults’ hindsight bias after positive and negative outcomes
Authors: Groß Julia , Bayen Ute J.
Published: June 2021

After learning about facts or outcomes of events, people overestimate in hindsight what they knew in foresight. Prior research has shown that this hindsight bias is more pronounced in older than in younger adults. However, this robust finding is based primarily on a specific paradigm that requires generating and recalling numerical judgments to general knowledge questions that deal with emotionally neutral content. As older and younger adults tend to process positive and negative information differently, they might also show differences in hindsight bias after positive and negative outcomes. Furthermore, hindsight bias can manifest itself as a bias in memory for prior given judgments, but also as retrospective impressions of inevitability and foreseeability. Currently, there is no research on age differences in all three manifestations of hindsight bias. In this study, younger (N = 46, 18–30 years) and older adults (N = 45, 64–90 years) listened to everyday-life scenarios that ended positively or negatively, recalled the expectation they previously held about the outcome (to measure the memory component of hindsight bias), and rated each outcome’s foreseeability and inevitability. Compared with younger adults, older adults recalled their prior expectations as closer to the actual outcomes (i.e., they showed a larger memory component of hindsight bias), and this age difference was more pronounced for negative than for positive outcomes. Inevitability and foreseeability impressions, however, did not differ between the age groups. Thus, there are age differences in hindsight bias after positive and negative outcomes, but only with regard to memory for prior judgments.
Concept and characteristics of the right to thing
Authors: IVANENKO Olesia , VOLOSHYN Artem
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The right to thing and its law institutions has repeatedly become the subject of scientific research of both Ukrainian and foreign scientists. However, despite the significant number of scientific researches on this issue, the definition of the right to thing has not been enshrined in legislation of Ukraine. This indicates that the right to thing remains one of the most complex and least studied law categories of civil law.
The purpose of this paper is to define the concept of the right to thing and outline its features that distinguish it from other institutions of civil law. In accordance with the goal, the main objectives of this study are to formulate a definition of the right to thing, define its system and elements, outline the types of the right to thing in accordance with the well known classifications.
Results. This paper is devoted to the study of certain aspects of the right to thing as a subjective right. This legal category is well known to modern scholars, since it dates back to the times of Ancient Rome and has come down to our days without significant changes. But various kinds of social relations, their development, the appearance of new types have a significant impact on the right to thing in general, its features, structural elements, and so on, so the study of this subjective civil law remains relevant.
This paper examines the concept of the right to thing, which remained outside the attention of the domestic legislator; classification of the right to thing; characteristics of the right to thing and its correlation with the liability rights; it is determined that the right to thing and the special property are the key law institutions of the right to thing; the methods of defending the right to thing are indicated in this paper.
Conclusion. The right to thing is a right that enshrines the ownership of a tangible thing to a particular person, direct control over it in a clearly defined scope of powers and endowed with protection from any person who violates this right.
Administrative procedure for appealing against decisions, actions or omissions of public administration entities regarding the provision of public services in the field of migration and citizenship
Authors: IVANOV Serhii
Published: June 2021

The paper is devoted to the coverage of the administrative procedure for appealing against decisions, actions or inaction of public administration entities on the provision of public services in the field of migration and citizenship. An administrative appeal is a complex, complex legal institution that includes both procedural and procedural rules. The main forms of administrative appeal are judicial and extrajudicial; moreover, if a court appeal may be exclusively an optional stage of the administrative procedure, then the out-of-court form of consideration of the complaint, also being an optional stage of the administrative procedure, is itself a kind of administrative procedure. In other words, these forms of appeal in the light of the subject of our study will logically be defined as administrative-procedural and administrative-procedural.
It is established that the administrative and procedural support of public management of migration is not used effectively enough to appeal in the administrative as a tool to protect the rights of individuals. To overcome this negative trend, we need both transformations in the field of regulatory support, in particular the above amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On Citizens' Appeals” and raising the level of legal culture and legal awareness of all subjects of administrative and legal relations in the study area. The result of intensifying the use of administrative-procedural forms of appeal in the study area should be to reduce the number of administrative lawsuits against the staff and departments of the DMS and ensure the implementation of the principle of efficiency of administrative decisions in the implementation of administrative procedures in public administration of citizenship and migration.
The Filtration Efficiency of Single-Layer Textiles for Respiratory protection
Authors: Pourdeyhimi Behnam , Schick Simon , Groten Robert
Published: June 2021

Due to the increasing number of corona cases and the face mask industry's associated bottleneck, this work focuses on the various single-layer textiles used as cloth masks. The purpose of this work is to test ten different single-layer textiles for their suitability as face masks. All tests in this work were carried out based on the ASTM F2299 and the new ASTM Standard for barrier masks (3502-21). The new standard offers a more precisely defined test protocol and is consistent with how respirators are tested.

The results show that only one of the ten textiles tested meets the ASTM requirements for a barrier mask. We also include data for ASTM F2299 and report the results for unneutralized challenge particles at various face velocities for the same single-layer textiles. These results are different from those of the ASTM 3502 because the particle size and the procedure used are different.  Under ASTM 3502, the resistance values ​​are significantly higher, and the efficiency values ​​are significantly lower than those reported by using the ASTM F2299.
Population structure and spatial distribution of the tiger (Panthera tigris, Felidae, Carnivora) in Southwestern Primorye (Russian Far East)
Authors: Lukarevskiy Victor S. , Lukarevskiy Svyatoslav V. , Kolchin Sergey A. , Oleynikov Alexey Yu.
Published: June 2021

In 2011–2013, we surveyed the population structure, spatial distribution and the number of tigers in Southwestern Primorye (about 5000 km2). The total number of tigers, according to winter route census, DNA analysis and camera trapping was estimated at 24–25 adults and 6–7 cubs, belonging to four different litters. The location of tigers is mainly confined to areas difficult to access for people, and with a high density of ungulates. Tigers concentrated in the habitat strip bordering China, mainly comprising the 'Land of the Leopard' National Park. A few tiger tracks were recorded outside of protected areas and on hunting tenures.

Current methods for estimating tiger numbers needs critical reflection. Winter census by tracks in the snow is often largely influenced by subjectivity. The main reason for this is the large number of surveyors of various degrees of qualification and as a result the conflicting interpretation of track identification. In our opinion, the most objective results are obtained from a consistent survey of the territory by a limited number of specialists and daily adjustments of collected materials.

Precise and informative methods for determining the number and the structure of tiger populations are DNA analysis of biological samples combined with camera trap census. However, a number of significant drawbacks limits their widespread use: this method is labor-intensive and results in high project costs. In addition, weather conditions can greatly affect the preservation of DNA in the samples. There is a need to organize additional survey routes for installing camera traps and detecting of biological samples in order to register the tigresses with young, as they are behavior is often distinguished by a more secretive lifestyle. As a rule, female tigers with young avoid the main movement routes of adult tigers. These methods are expedient only in the smaller survey plots of model areas.
Analisis Asesmen Pecandu Narkoba Dengan Metode Profile Matching Pada Badan Narkotika Nasional Provinsi Riau
Authors: Soni Soni , Mukhtar Harun , Ricinur
Published: June 2021

Badan Narkotika Nasional Provinsi Riau merupakan instansi yang khusus menangani permasalahan narkoba, salah satu langkah penanganan penyalahgunaan narkoba yaitu dengan melakukan rehabilitasi agar pecandu narkoba bisa sembuh dari ketergantungan narkoba. Rehabilitasi bagi pecandu narkoba sangat penting dilakukan, hal ini dilakukan agar dapat mengurangi atau menghilangkan ketergantungan untuk menggunakan narkotika, sehingga dalam proses rehabilitasi pasien bisa menghilangkan ketergantungan dengan narkotika. Setelah proses rehabitilasi dilakukan penilaian asesmen pada pasien utuk menentukan apakah dapat dilakukan rawat jalan atau rawat inap, untuk melakukan asesmen pecandu narkoba dapat digunakan menerapkan metode profile matching, metode profile mathcing secara garis besar merupakan sebuah proses membandingkan antara kriteria pasien  ke dalam kebutuhan yang dapat dijadikan acuan, sehingga dapat diketahui perbedaan kebutuhan, semakin kecil nilai gap yang di hasilkan nilai bobotnya semakin besar memiliki peluang untuk kesesuaian antara kriteria individual dengan kebutuhan yang di jadikan acuan.

Kata kunci: profile matching,  asesmen, rehabilitasi
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DI SMA NEGERI I DULUPI KABUPATEN BOALEMO DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Lahabu Sri Yulianti , Djou Dakia , Muslimin Muslimin
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk kesantunan berbahasa di SMA Negeri I Dulupi Kabupaten Boalemo, (2) mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang mendukung kesantunan berbahasa di SMA Negeri I Dulupi Kabupaten Boalemo, (3) mendeskripsikan implementasi kesantunan berbahasa dalam pembelajaran di SMA Negeri I Dulupi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data berupa tuturan yang terjadi selama pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia serta tuturan di luar pembelajaran di SMA Negeri I Dulupi Kabupaten Boalemo.  Teknik sampling penelitian ini menggunakan teknik simak, teknik rekaman, teknik catat, wawancara, dan observasi. Teknik uji data yang digunakan yaitu triangulasi sumber data dan triangulasi teori. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat enam bentuk kesantunan berbahasa di SMA Negeri 1 Dulupi Kabupaten Boalemo berdasarkan prinsip maksim kesantunan, yaitu: (a) maksim kebijaksanaan, (b) maksim kedermawanan, (c) maksim penghargaan, (d) maksim kesederhanaan, (e) maksim pemufakatan, dan (f) maksim kesimpatian, dan terdapat tiga pelanggaran maksim menurut prinsip kesantunan berbahasa, yaitu: (a) maksim kebijaksanaan, (b) maksim kedermawanan, dan (c) maksim kesederhanaan; (2) Ditemukan faktor-faktor yang mendukung kesantunan, berupa: (a) meminta dan memohon kepada mitra tutur tanpa paksaan dan tidak menyinggung, (b) mempersilakan mitra tutur tanpa paksaan dan (c) tidak menyinggung; serta (d) memberikan tanggapan positif terhadap mitra tutur, dan ditemukan ketidaksantunan, berupa: (a) mengkritik dengan diksi dan intonasi negatif serta tidak bisa mengendalikan emosi; (b) berpendapat dengan menyinggung mitra tutur; dan (c) memotong pembicaraan mitra tutur; (3) Implementasi kesantunan berbahasa diterapkan pada proses pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan memperhatikan prinsip maksim kesantunan berbahasa di SMA Negeri 1 Dulupi, Kabupaten Boalemo
Optimum Sleep is Important for Reducing the Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality & Morbidity
Authors: Chakravorty Triya
Published: June 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Humans spend up to a third of their life asleep, yet sleep problems are common in society [1]. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea, not only affect optimal functioning and productivity but have long term impacts on health. Over the last two decades, emerging research has linked sleep duration, quality and sleep disorders with CVD, metabolic syndrome and obesity. This essay will explore the role of sleep in maintaining a healthy heart, and how strategies to improve sleep can reduce CVD risk.
A Recently Quenched Isolated Dwarf Galaxy Outside of the Local Group Environment
Authors: Polzin Ava , van Dokkum Pieter , Danieli Shany , Greco Johnny P. , Romanowsky Aaron J.
Published: June 2021

We report the serendipitous identification of a low-mass (M
* ∼ 2 × 106
M
⊙), isolated, likely quenched dwarf galaxy in the “foreground” of the COSMOS-CANDELS field. From deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging we infer a surface brightness fluctuation distance for COSMOS-dw1 of D
SBF = 22 ± 3 Mpc, which is consistent with its radial velocity of cz = 1222 ± 64 km s−1 via Keck/LRIS. At this distance, the galaxy is 1.4 Mpc in projection from its nearest massive neighbor. We do not detect significant H
α emission (EW(H
α)= − 0.4 ± 0.5 Å), suggesting that COSMOS-dw1 is likely quenched. Very little is currently known about isolated quenched galaxies in this mass regime. Such galaxies are thought to be rare, as there is no obvious mechanism to permanently stop star formation in them; to date there are only four examples of well-studied quenched field dwarfs, only two of which appear to have quenched in isolation. COSMOS-dw1 is the first example outside of the immediate vicinity of the Local Group. COSMOS-dw1 has a relatively weak Dn4000 break and the HST data show a clump of blue stars indicating that star formation ceased only recently. We speculate that COSMOS-dw1 was quenched due to internal feedback, which was able to temporarily suspend star formation. In this scenario the expectation is that quenched isolated galaxies with masses M
* = 106–107
M
⊙ generally have luminosity-weighted ages ≲1 Gyr.
Effect of Abstinence on Psychological Distress Scores, Social Dysfunction Scores, Total General Health Questionnaire Scores-12, and Total Quality of Life Scores in Men with Methamphetamine Dependence in Therapeutic Community
Authors: Hendriko Thomas , Effendy Elmeida , Camellia Vita
Published: June 2021

AIM: We looked for differences in abstinence influence on Psychological Distress Scores, Social Dysfunction Scores, Total General Health Questionnaire – 12 (GHQ-12), and Total Quality of Life Scores on men with Methamphetamine dependence in the Therapeutic Community.

METHODS: This study was conducted a numerical comparative analytical analysis paired with twice measurements with subject retrieval done using consecutive sampling. The participant of this study was 47 subjects who selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria.

RESULTS: Found psychological distress score of the abuser was p ˂ 0.001, different with social dysfunction score there was no significant difference where the score was p = 0.062, the total GHQ-12 score was a significant difference where the score was p = 0.025 while in the total quality of life score (SF-36) there was a significant difference with the score of p ˂ 0.001.

CONCLUSIONS: After abstinence, quarantine was found to improve attitude, behavior, cognitive, and social function such as appropriate communication and active social relationship with others compared with before abstinence quarantine.
Development of School-based Mental Health Program
Authors: Daulay Wardiyah , Wahyuni Sri Eka , Nasution Mahnum Lailan
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Mental health services for school-aged children can help prevent the emergence of more severe problems.

AIM: This study aims to create a mental health program for school-aged children.

METHODS: An action design was used, and the implementation procedure consisted of four stages, namely reconnaissance, planning, acting, and reflecting. Furthermore, the respondents were 12 teachers, and the samples for the program were 73 students. In the reconnaissance stage, data were recorded and documented in transcript form.

RESULT: At the planning stage, the instrument of mental health status, workbooks, and modules were developed. Meanwhile, in the acting stage, psychosocial intervention was conducted, and in the reflecting stage, the child mental health status before and after were measured using a dependent t-test. Furthermore, Focus Group Discussion activity in the Development of School-based Mental Health Program has 6 themes. The analysis results showed significant changes, meaning that there was a change in mental health status in school-aged children (p = 0,000; alpha 0.05). This showed that there was a significant influence of the program implementation on mental health status.

CONCLUSION: The programs include identification, assessment, intervention, and mental health facilitation in school-aged children. Therefore, it is recommended for health service and education office to synergize in developing the program to improve achievement.
The Pattern of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha Gene Expression in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model Liver: Focus on Exercise
Authors: Machrina Yetty , Lindarto Dharma , Pane Yunita Sari , Harahap Novita Sari
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) has an important role in mitochondria biogenesis which generated cellular metabolism. Carbohydrate metabolism in the liver is crucial to maintain plasma blood glucose.
AIM: This research aimed to determine the expression of PGC-1α gene in the liver type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model, after treatment with a focus on exercise.
METHODS: We used 25 healthy male Wistar rats as subjects. Rats were modified to T2DM models by feeding a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin injection. We divided the rats into five groups, that is, sedentary group as a control and four others as treatment groups. The exercise was assigned for treatment groups by a run on the treadmill as moderate intensity continuous (MIC), highintensity continuous (HIC), slow interval (SI), and fast interval (FI). The treatment groups were exercise throughout 8 weeks with a frequency of 3 times a week.
RESULTS: The results showed that expression of PGC-1α gene was lower in all treatment groups compared to controls (p < 0.05). Expression in HIC was higher than MIC (p < 0.05), so was the expression in FI more than SI (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Exercise affected PGC-1α gene expression in the liver of the T2DM rat model. The expression of PGC-1α was linear with exercise intensity.
In vivo study of pharmacokinetic parameters of a new combination drug based on citicoline and memantine
Authors: Sysuev Boris B. , Salakhetdinov Damir K.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Cognitive impairment (dementia) is one of the most common pathologies with increasing numbers of patients. Most often they are the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular brain diseases, for which such drugs as memantine and citicoline are used. The development of a combination drug with these active pharmaceutical ingredients can significantly increase the effectiveness of therapy.

Materials and methods: The pharmacokinetics of memantine and citicoline combination drug was evaluated in comparison with the marketed drugs (reference drugs) of these pharmaceutical substances approved for medical use by determining their content in blood plasma of experimental animals after a single oral administration.

Results: Seventy-two hours after the administration of memantine drug, about 5% and 17% of the maximum concentration of memantine released from Akatinol Memantine and the developed combination drug were found in blood plasma, respectively. By the 120th hour after the beginning of the experiment, no memantine was detected in blood plasma of any animal. By the 24th hour after the beginning of the experiment, about 46% and 50% of the maximum concentration of citicoline released from the developed combination drug and the Ceraxon drug were found in blood plasma of the rabbits, respectively.

Discussion: It was detected that the amounts of released memantine and citicoline from the developed combination drug exceeded the amounts of the appropriate pharmaceutical substances released from the reference drugs. The bioavailability of these substances from the developed combination drug was higher than from the marketed mono formulations used as reference drugs.

Conclusion: Based on the obtained results of memantine and citicolineconcentrations in bioassays, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of the studied preparations were calculated, the results of which showed the superiority of the developed combination drug over the reference drugs.
Higher Serum Urate Levels Are Associated With an Increased Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Colantonio Lisandro D. , Reynolds Richard J. , Merriman Tony R. , Gaffo Angelo , Singh Jasvinder A. , Plante Timothy B. , Chaudhary Ninad S. , Armstrong Nicole D. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Bridges S. Louis , Lang Leslie , Howard George , Safford Monika M. , Saag Kenneth G. , Muntner Paul , Irvin Marguerite Ryan
Published: June 2021

Objective.

To determine the association of serum urate (SU) levels with sudden cardiac death and incident coronary heart disease (CHD), separately, among adults without a history of CHD.

Methods.

We conducted a case-cohort analysis of Black and White participants aged ≥ 45 years enrolled in the REason for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study without a history of CHD at baseline between 2003 and 2007. Participants were followed for sudden cardiac death or incident CHD (i.e., myocardial infarction [MI] or death from CHD excluding sudden cardiac death) through December 31, 2013. Baseline SU was measured in a random sample of participants (n = 840) and among participants who experienced sudden cardiac death (n = 235) or incident CHD (n = 851) during follow-up.

Results.

Participants with higher SU levels were older and more likely to be male or Black. The crude HR (95% CI) per 1 mg/dL higher SU level was 1.26 (1.14–1.40) for sudden cardiac death and 1.17 (1.09–1.26) for incident CHD. After adjustment for age, sex, race, and cardiovascular risk factors, the HR (95% CI) per 1 mg/dL higher SU level was 1.19 (1.03–1.37) for sudden cardiac death and 1.05 (0.96–1.15) for incident CHD. HRs for sudden cardiac death were numerically higher among participants aged 45–64 vs ≥ 65 years, without vs with diabetes, and among those of White vs Black race, althoughPvalues for effect modification were all ≥ 0.05.

Conclusion.

Higher SU levels were associated with an increased risk for sudden cardiac death but not with incident CHD.
Improving Victim Retention and Police-Victim Interactions in Rape Investigations
Authors: Mourtgos Scott M. , Adams Ian T. , Mastracci Sharon H.
Published: June 2021

The initial interaction between rape victims and police can affect how these cases progress through the criminal justice system. In one US state capitol, the police agency determined its initial response to rape victims was less effective than desired. Victim retention was low, and officer written reports were found to endorse negative stereotypes about rape victims. A four-hour training highlighting trauma-informed and victim-supportive police response was developed and implemented, and all agency officers were trained (n=~600). Compared to the six months before training, victim retention improved by 32% in the post-training period. Written reports by officers also improved, showcasing victim-supportive language and improving officers' focus on victim services. The increase in victim retention is a positive outcome for a relatively short training intervention. This chapter concludes that intensive, evidence-based training programs that connect victim trauma response to police trauma response may significantly improve police response to rape victims during initial contact.
An Interview With Chief Sargent of the Worcester, MA Police Department
Authors: Steinert Steven W.
Published: June 2021

Chief Sargent, of the Worcester, MA Police Department, is interviewed about his position and perspectives as a chief of police. He discusses his education and the path he took to becoming a chief. Specifically, he discusses working first as a military police officer and his transition into civilian policing. He discusses his advanced training opportunities with the FBI and receiving a degree in criminology. He describes the various positions he has had in law enforcement throughout his career. In addition, he describes changes in policing that have occurred throughout the past decades and how those changes are affecting current policies and initiatives. He further discusses the individuals that work within law enforcement and important characteristics that are essential for those interested in a career in law enforcement. He discusses the implementation of innovative training programs, such as simulators, which aid in preparing officers for different situations. Views about connecting citizens and police and recommendations for researchers are also discussed.
An Interview With Chief Årestad-Radner of the Swedish Police Authority
Authors: Shankar Sneha
Published: June 2021

In this interview, Chief Årestad-Radner, National Coordinator of Recruitment for the Swedish Police Authority, provides her unique insights into law enforcement in Sweden. She discusses her experiences within the police agency and the changes in which she has been involved throughout her career. She describes the current training procedures, the strengths of these, and areas of growth. She reflects on the unique challenges of policing in Sweden, identifying possible solutions to overcome these challenges. Chief Årestad-Radner discusses the need for a police force that is representative of the community as well as the need for a standardized system for recruiting for higher-level positions. In addition, she describes the need for mental health integration within the police department and discusses the benefit of doing so. Lastly, she identifies the need for further research within law enforcement.
An Interview With Dr. Gardner, Police Psychologist Oakland County Sheriff's Office, MI
Authors: Shankar Sneha
Published: June 2021

In this interview, Dr. Gardner, Police Psychologist of the Oakland County Sheriff's Office, provides his insights about working with police officers. He provides an overview of the factors that influenced his decision to pursue this career and which experiences were the most meaningful in helping him be successful as a provider within this unique population. He describes his qualifications as a psychologist, his experiences as a police officer, and the importance of having both of these. He discusses the differences in culture between police officers and the community and the barrier this creates for non-police psychologists to serve such individuals. In addition, he reflects on the unhelpful aspects of cop culture and the negative effects this has on officers' mental health. For the sake of increasing mental health integration and improving officers' quality of life, he concludes by encouraging more individuals to pursue a career in police psychology.
Leaders' Self-Care in Traumatic Times of Change
Authors: Hawkins Tamara
Published: June 2021

This chapter will embody a day in the life of a licensed therapist and four individuals (who are leaders from various professional backgrounds) with a universal trauma response to the COVID-19 pandemic. On any given day, their jobs are not for the faint of heart; they are accustomed to seeing people at their nadir. However, this pandemic has made them question their resiliency, tapped into their reserves, and exhausted their previous effective coping mechanisms. In an effort to seek refuge and respite, their answers lie in their last resort: self-care (something none of them make time for, but something all of them require). Through their collaborative work with a therapist, these leaders were able to prioritize safety within their organizations, facilitate accountability among staff, and encourage social support within their departments.
A Culture of Healing
Authors: Ortiz Aurelia , Johnson Maia K. , Barreau Pascal P.
Published: June 2021

The authors of this chapter contextualize terms such as individual trauma, collective trauma, and toxic stress; discuss how trauma impacts school environments; and propose steps to triage traumatic effects among faculty, staff, and students. Based on existing research and studies conducted by the authors of this chapter, strategies are introduced to help school leaders and teachers to overcome the effects of trauma and create a safe culture of healing during and after a traumatic event. While the context surrounding immediate trauma responses may default to macro-level discussions like violence, school shooting incidents, and school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is noteworthy to underscore less-publicized traumatic events such as adverse childhood experiences, adult workplace trauma, and collective organizational trauma. The authors provide case studies to help practitioners process organizational trauma scenarios.
Entrepreneurship vs. Bioentrepreneurship
Authors: Upreti Sneha
Published: June 2021

The word bioentrepreneurship and entrepreneurship share the similarity in the fact that they must have a great and an innovative idea behind starting a business setup and to raise an investment. Also, they both must have a great idea about marketing of the related products and managing their start-up. If we talk about the difference, the common difference is the sector or field in which a startup is carrying on. In simple words, entrepreneurship is the process of launching any new business based on an innovative idea. On the other hand, bioentrepreneurship is the process that is started in the field of science (i.e., biotechnology). Nowadays, bio-industrialization is the key to being a modern and developed country, and this is the only reason bioentrepreneurs are highly in demand. Thus, this chapter will help you to understand the pillars to setup a startup based on biotechnology that has an excellent future perspective not only for entrepreneurs but also for the nation.
Intellectual Property Rights
Authors: Laxmi Vijay , Inala Mary Shobha Rani
Published: June 2021

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) denote distinct types of conceptions of the mind for which property rights are documented. Basic and clinical scientists at research institutions often make ideas that have health benefits if developed and applied to the improvement of human wellbeing. Therefore, learning the basics of intellectual property protection and obtaining professional guidance in its management avoids such losses with a minimal burden of confidentiality on the investigator by using any of the mechanisms (patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and know-how agreements). The probability of scientific findings becoming accessible for public benefit is low without suitable intellectual property protection. This reality is particularly true in the life sciences and biotechnology arenas comparative to other areas of science, and hence, it is a prerequisite to know about intellectual property rights and their significance for better development.
Foreign Investors in Bioentrepreneurship in India
Authors: Sharma Sonia , Sihag Swati , Saxena Ritu
Published: June 2021

Bioentrepreneurship attracts entrepreneurs who can contribute by making scientific methods and products available to the society. Funding, infrastructure, skills, and commercialization capabilities influence the process of bioentrepreneurship. India with its large and highly efficient pool of the scientific community has lot to offer to the global market. Indian research is confined to theoretical research due to a missing link that unites research and commercialization and strict intellectual property regime. To overcome such challenges, the Indian government has taken initiatives to make the working environment friendly, innovative, efficient, and easy for foreign companies and investors by amending existing policies and facilities India's biotechnology industry. Foreign investment in India's biotechnology industry has led to an exponential increase from US$530 million in 2003 to US$4.3 billion in 2013. Foreign investment has played a big role in helping India's flourishing biotechnology industry.
COVID-19's Impact on Marginalized Populations and Support for the Future
Authors: Arambala Gerry Flores
Published: June 2021

Years after the city of Ozamiz was freed from its previous political power predators, which paved the way for a radicalization of democracy in the city, the advent of COVID-19 pandemic again tested the city's politics. As the disease progressed in the Philippines over the past months, the local government of Ozamiz placed the entire city under strict community quarantine. The strict implementation of the lockdown measure did not meet any contestation from the local population. Despite some people fearing about their welfare, the city's local government ensured everybody of their subsistence and wellbeing. 'Radical means' was the city's attempt to stop the possibility of contagion in the whole vicinity. The radicalization of the city's politics has created a deeper sense of solidarity among the people pushing everyone to help achieve the goals set by its mayor in the fight against COVID-19. This chapter intends to elucidate how the radicalization of Ozamiz city's politics paved the way for a deep sense of solidarity among its population.
The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Readymade Garments Workers in Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque Md Aynul , Rasiah Rajah , Furuoka Fumitaka , Kumar Sameer , Siddique Md. Mahbubur Rahman , Biswas Sanjay Krishno
Published: June 2021

This chapter demonstrates the readymade garments (RMG) industry workers' plight during COVID-19. The authors collected data through interviews with garment workers in Bangladesh. Online publications and research reports of relevant cases, web pages, and newspapers were examined. It reveals that RMG workers' living standards and earnings have fallen due to COVID-19. Due to the cancellation of foreign orders and deferred payment by foreign buyers, many factory owners shut down operations. They terminated a large number of workers by disputed approaches from March 2020 onward. This study also examines a few initiatives taken by different stakeholders, which seems inadequate, in favor of workers' rights. The financial institution can come up with a role in supporting the sector by loans and other financial supports.
Impact of COVID-19 on Food Insecurity and Coping Mechanisms of Marginalized People in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Emadul , Shoef Ishtiaque Jahan , Hasan Mehadi
Published: June 2021

This chapter is part of an extensive panel survey conducted among the BRAC COVID-19 response HHs between April 2020 to September 2020. This chapter aims to describe the food insecurity status of BRAC-supported HHs and their coping strategies to combat the impact of COVID-19. A total of 6,086 HHs were interviewed in the 1st round (April 2020-June 2020), whilst these HHs were interviewed in the 2nd round (July 2020 to September 2020). Findings reveal that COVID-19 has created an unprecedented impact on HH food insecurity. The study prepared a food index score and found that 33% of HHs are extremely food insecure, whilst 19% are highly insecure. In terms of coping strategies to the current food needs of the HHs, dependency on the personal mechanism and institutional mechanisms were identified. The study argues that the COVID-19 crisis forces HHs into long-term loan burden, which may lead to another hurdle, causing delayed HHs economic recovery. Long-term GO and NGO sustainable economic recovery intervention could help marginalized people to build back better from COVID-19.
COVID-19 and the Marginal People of India
Authors: Krishnan Chitra , Baba Mubashir Majid , Singh Gurinder , Srivastava Akanksha
Published: June 2021

The unexpected COVID-19 pandemic situation has adversely affected the Indian economy. Barely any sectors could escape the catastrophic effect of this pandemic. The migrant community was also affected by this crisis. The purpose of the study is to explore the impact of COVID-19 on key industries such as automotive, health, education, tourism, and many others, and also the condition of migrant workers is taken into account. In this analysis, secondary data were gathered. The study contains secondary information from blogs, journals, reporting from international agencies, research papers, government documents, and websites. Government support is important to save lives for the most in need (primarily unorganized market, refugees, and marginalized groups). Indian economics must adopt sustainable development models that focus on self-confidence, inclusive structures, and environmental policies. This study can be beneficial to education institutions, stakeholders, policymakers, governments, and society.