bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Change as a Driving Force on Urban Energy Consumption Patterns
Authors: Jafari Mostafa , Smith Pete
Published: June 2017

Heating Degree Days (HDD), in cases where temperatures are below 18°C, and Cooling Degree Days (CDD), in cases where temperatures are above 21°C, were used as energy consumption indices. During the last half century, mean annual temperatures have increased and as a consequence, CDD in the warm season have increased sharply. In the same time slice, HDD, even in the cool and cold season have declined steadily. The number of monthly and annual total HDD (mean= 1556) are much higher than CDD (mean=400) in the case study area and annual total HDD and CDD have a negative correlation (Pearson correlation = - 0.493; p = 0.001). The deceasing rate of HDD is limited and steady (R2= 0.062, p=0.099), but the increasing rate of CDD in the same time slice is sharp (R2=0.427, p=0.813). This shows that energy consumption patterns have increased sharply, and with available projection scenarios, is projected to increase more rapidly, leading to higher energy costs.
Reconstructive Architectural and Urban Digital Modelling
Authors: Spallone Roberta
Published: June 2017

The digital reconstruction of architectural and urban complexes which were demolished, transformed or have been only theoretically conceived, remaining 'on paper', is now a tool of considerable heuristic value, allowing to preserve, interpret and create new images of cultural heritages that no longer exist in their original shape or never reached a material construction. The tools, methods and techniques of representation (graphical analysis, two and three-dimensional modeling, animation, prototyping) should be carefully chosen, case by case, in order to interpret properly the basic data and create original interpretations, using as research sources and ideas not only the archival drawings and any surviving vestiges, but also the autograph writings and the more inspired analysis developed by the architecture critics. The examination of several international case studies, and also some experiences personally conducted highlights the different strategies used for the preservation of the memory of such heritage.
Internet Phenomenon
Authors: Konzack Lars
Published: June 2017

Internet phenomenon is a new field of research. An internet phenomenon is an occurrence on the internet about somebody, a website, or a picture that for some reason captures the attention of numerous internet users and develops a craze that fast-spreads through the internet. The most common internet phenomenon is an internet meme, but also internet celebrities, political campaigns, or simply something out of the ordinary. Internet phenomenona have often been compared to folklore and urban legends; however there is one significant difference in that folklore was passed on in an oral culture of illiterates. Internet on the other hand sharing are mostly done among 21st Century literates and often stored on servers for other people to see. In this sense sharing internet phenomenona are closer to chain letters except the internet technology makes the process a lot easier and faster and may spread globally within minutes.
Search Engine Optimization
Authors: Giomelakis Dimitrios , Veglis Andreas A.
Published: June 2017

In this article, we will discuss at length the subject of Search Engine Optimization (SEO), its different characteristics and why basic SEO knowledge is considered as a useful tool for any web business. The article will address both the theoretical and practical issues related to the design and implementation of SEO and also will cover previous research done on this topic. In order to give a better understanding of the importance of SEO in the current state of the Internet and in information search, basic knowledge of how search engines operate along with their recent updates will also be provided. The development of World Wide Web (Web 2.0) along with the growth of search engines over the last decade has brought significant changes in web content. In this context, we will see how SEO has evolved over the years since mid 90's when it first emerged. Nowadays, social media and social signals have increasingly become one of the many factors search engines take seriously into account, which is another issue that this article will address.
Abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) increases with the body size of their host woodpeckers and sapsuckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)
Authors: Galloway Terry D. , Lamb Robert J.
Published: June 2017

Specimens of five species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) from Manitoba, Canada, were weighed and examined for chewing lice, 1998–2015: downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n=49), hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus (Linnaeus), n=23), pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus), n=10), northern flicker (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n=170), and yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n=239). The relationship between body mass of each host species and infestation by seven species of lice was analysed: Menacanthus pici (Denny) from all host species, Brueelia straminea (Denny) from Picoides Lacépède species, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) from northern flicker, Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from the other four hosts, Picicola porisma Dalgleish from northern flicker, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) from Picoides species, and Picicola marginatulus (Harrison) from pileated woodpeckers. Mean abundance of lice increased with the mean mass of their host. Neither the species richness of lice nor the prevalence of lice were related to host body mass. Host body mass explained 98% of the variation in mean intensity of louse infestation among hosts. The positive association of mean intensity and body size was also detected for three genera of lice. Louse intensity also increased with body size for individual birds, more so for some species of lice and hosts than others. Body size matters, but the adaptations that allow higher mean intensity on larger host species remain to be determined.
Do visual cues associated with larger diameter trees influence host selection by Tetropium fuscum (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)?
Authors: Nelson Tyler D. , Sweeney Jon D. , Kirk Hillier Neil
Published: June 2017

Tetropium fuscum (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an invasive phloeophagous beetle established in Atlantic Canada that infests stressed and moribund Picea Dietrich (Pinaceae) species. Successfully colonised trees tend to be large in diameter (>10 cm diameter at breast height), but whether diameter influences host selection, larval performance, or both, is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that T. fuscum host selection is influenced by visual cues associated with tree diameter by counting the number of adults landing on 29 Picea rubens Sargent ranging in diameter at breast height from 12.2 to 37.5 cm. All trees were wrapped with sticky bands and baited with aggregation pheromone and host volatiles to make them equally attractive with regard to olfactory cues. We found significant positive relationships between the mean number of T. fuscum per sticky band and tree diameter, and also between phloem thickness and tree diameter. We conclude that the positive association between host diameter and T. fuscum infestation is at least partially due to the positive influence of diameter on landing rate, and that this may benefit the beetle because larger diameter trees have more food for developing larvae. However, there was no effect of tree diameter on the mean number of adults per m2 of sticky band and thus no evidence that T. fuscum actively selects larger diameter hosts based on visual cues. The positive relationship between landing rate and host diameter may simply be due to greater chances of airborne beetles being passively intercepted on larger versus smaller trees.
Error Splitting Preservation for High Order Finite Difference Schemes in the Combination Technique
Authors: Hendricks Christian , Ehrhardt Matthias , Günther Michael
Published: June 2017

In this paper we introduce high dimensional tensor product interpolation for the combination technique. In order to compute the sparse grid solution, the discrete numerical subsolutions have to be extended by interpolation. If unsuitable interpolation techniques are used, the rate of convergence is deteriorated. We derive the necessary framework to preserve the error structure of high order finite difference solutions of elliptic partial differential equations within the combination technique framework. This strategy enables us to obtain high order sparse grid solutions on the full grid. As exemplifications for the case of order four we illustrate our theoretical results by two test examples with up to four dimensions.
Numerical Effects of the Gaussian Recursive Filters in Solving Linear Systems in the 3Dvar Case Study
Authors: Cuomo Salvatore , Galletti Ardelio , Giunta Giulio , Marcellino Livia
Published: June 2017

In many applications, the Gaussian convolution is approximately computed by means of recursive filters, with a significant improvement of computational efficiency. We are interested in theoretical and numerical issues related to such an use of recursive filters in a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3Dvar) scheme as it appears in the software OceanVar. In that context, the main numerical problem consists in solving large linear systems with high efficiency, so that an iterative solver, namely the conjugate gradient method, is equipped with a recursive filter in order to compute matrix-vector multiplications that in fact are Gaussian convolutions. Here we present an error analysis that gives effective bounds for the perturbation on the solution of such linear systems, when is computed by means of recursive filters. We first prove that such a solution can be seen as the exact solution of a perturbed linear system. Then we study the related perturbation on the solution and we demonstrate that it can be bounded in terms of the difference between the two linear operators associated to the Gaussian convolution and the recursive filter, respectively. Moreover, we show through numerical experiments that the error on the solution, which exhibits a kind of edge effect, i.e. most of the error is localized in the first and last few entries of the computed solution, is due to the structure of the difference of the two linear operators.
Formation of secondary organic aerosols from gas-phase emissions of heated cooking oils
Authors: Liu Tengyu , Li Zijun , Chan ManNin , Chan Chak K.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Cooking emissions can potentially contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) but remain poorly understood. In this study, formation of SOA from gas-phase emissions of five heated vegetable oils (i.e., corn, canola, sunflower, peanut and olive oils) was investigated in a potential aerosol mass (PAM) chamber. Experiments were conducted at 19–20 °C and 65–70 % relative humidity (RH). The characterization instruments included a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS). The efficiency of SOA production, in ascending order, was peanut oil, olive oil, canola oil, corn oil and sunflower oil. The major SOA precursors from heated cooking oils were related to the content of monounsaturated fat and omega-6 fatty acids in cooking oils. The average production rate of SOA, after aging at an OH exposure of 1. 7 × 1011 molecules cm−3 s, was 1. 35 ± 0. 30 µg min−1, 3 orders of magnitude lower compared with emission rates of fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) from heated cooking oils in previous studies. The mass spectra of cooking SOA highly resemble field-derived COA (cooking-related organic aerosol) in ambient air, with R2 ranging from 0.74 to 0.88. The average carbon oxidation state (OSc) of SOA was −1.51 to −0.81, falling in the range between ambient hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SV-OOA), indicating that SOA in these experiments was lightly oxidized.
How big is the influence of biogenic silicon pools on short-term changes of water soluble silicon in soils? Implications from a study of a ten-year-old plant-soil-system
Authors: Puppe Daniel , Höhn Axel , Kaczorek Danuta , Wanner Manfred , Wehrhan Marc , Sommer Michael
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The significance of biogenic silicon (BSi) pools as a key factor for the control of Si fluxes from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems has been recognized since decades. However, while most research has been focused on phytogenic Si pools, knowledge on other BSi pools is still limited. We hypothesized different BSi pools to influence short-term changes of the water soluble Si fraction in soils to different extents. To test our hypothesis we took plant (Calamagrostis epigejos, Phragmites australis) and soil samples in an artificial catchment in a post-mining landscape in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. We quantified phytogenic (phytoliths), protistic (diatom frustules and testate amoeba shells) and zoogenic (sponge spicules) Si pools as well as Tiron extractable and water soluble Si fractions in soils at the beginning (t0) and after ten years (t10) of ecosystem development. As expected the results of Tiron extraction showed, that there are no consistent changes of the amorphous Si pool at Chicken Creek as early as after ten years. In contrast, compared to t0 we found increased water soluble Si and BSi pools at t10, thus we concluded BSi pools to be the main driver of short-term changes of water soluble Si. However, because total BSi represents only small proportions of water soluble Si at t0 (
Hybrid insolation forcing of Pliocene monsoon dynamics in West
Africa
Authors: Kuechler Rony R. , Dupont Lydie M. , Schefuß Enno
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The Pliocene is regarded as a potential analogue for future climate with conditions generally warmer-than-today and higher-than-preindustrial atmospheric CO2 levels. Here we present the first orbitally resolved records of continental hydrology and vegetation changes from West Africa for two Pliocene time intervals (5.0–4.6 Ma, 3.6–3.0 Ma). Our results indicate that changes in local insolation alone are insufficient to explain the full degree of hydrologic variations. Generally two modes of interacting insolation forcings are observed: during eccentricity maxima, when precession was strong, the West African monsoon was driven by summer insolation; during eccentricity minima, when precession-driven variations in local insolation were minimal, obliquity-driven changes in the summer latitudinal insolation gradient became dominant. This hybrid monsoonal forcing concept explains orbitally-controlled tropical climate changes, incorporating the forcing mechanism of latitudinal gradients for the Pliocene, which probably increased in importance during subsequent Northern Hemisphere glaciations.
Tropical Atlantic Climate and Ecosystem Regime Shifts during
the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Frieling Joost , Reichart Gert-Jan , Middelburg Jack J. , Röhl Ursula , Westerhold Thomas , Bohaty Steven , Sluijs Appy
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The Paleocene – Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; 56 Ma) was a phase of rapid global warming associated with massive carbon input into the ocean-atmosphere system from a 13C-depleted reservoir. Many mid- and high-latitude sections have been studied and document changes in salinity, hydrology and sedimentation, deoxygenation, biotic overturning and migrations, but detailed records from tropical regions are lacking. Here, we study the PETM at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 959 in the equatorial Atlantic using a range of organic and inorganic proxies and couple these with dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) assemblage analysis. The PETM at Site 959 was previously found to be marked by a ~3.8 ‰ negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE), and a ~4 ºC surface ocean warming from the uppermost Paleocene to peak PETM, of which ~1 ºC occurs before the onset of the CIE. We record upper Paleocene dinocyst assemblages that are similar to PETM assemblages as found in extra-tropical regions, confirming poleward migrations of ecosystems during the PETM. The early stages of the PETM are marked by a typical acme of the tropical genus Apectodinium, which reaches abundances of up to 95 %. Subsequently, dinocyst abundances diminish greatly, as do carbonate and pyritized silicate microfossils. The combined paleoenvironmental information from Site 959 and a close by shelf site in Nigeria implies the general absence of eukaryotic surface-dwelling microplankton during peak PETM warmth is most likely caused by heat stress. Crucially, abundant organic benthic foraminiferal linings imply sustained export production, likely driven by prokaryotes. In sharp contrast, the recovery of the CIE yields rapid (≪10 kyr) fluctuations in the abundance of several dinocyst groups, suggesting extreme ecosystem and environmental variability.
Cloud property datasets retrieved from AVHRR, MODIS, AATSR
and MERIS in the framework of the Cloud_cci project
Authors: Stengel Martin , Stapelberg Stefan , Sus Oliver , Schlundt Cornelia , Poulsen Caroline , Thomas Gareth , Christensen Matthew , Carbajal Henken Cintia , Preusker Rene , Fischer Jürgen , Devasthale Abhay , Willén Ulrika , Karlsson Karl-Göran , McGarragh Gregory R. , Proud Simon , Povey Adam C. , Grainger Don G. , Meirink Jan Fokke , Feofilov Artem , Bennartz Ralf , Bojanowski Jedrzej , Hollmann Rainer
Published: June 2017

Abstract. New cloud property datasets based on measurements from the passive imaging satellite sensors AVHRR, MODIS, ATSR2, AATSR and MERIS are presented. Two retrieval systems were developed that include components for cloud detection and cloud typing followed by cloud property retrievals based on the optimal estimation (OE) technique. The OE-based retrievals are applied to simultaneously retrieve cloud-top pressure, cloud particle effective radius and cloud optical thickness using measurements at visible, near-infrared and thermal infrared wavelengths, which ensures spectral consistency. The retrieved cloud properties are further processed to derive cloud-top height, cloud-top temperature, cloud liquid water path, cloud ice water path and spectral cloud albedo. The Cloud_cci products are pixel-based retrievals, daily composites of those on a global equal-angle latitude-longitude grid, and monthly cloud properties such as averages, standard deviations and histograms, also on a global grid. All products include rigorous propagation of the retrieval and sampling uncertainties. Grouping the orbital properties of the sensor families, six datasets have been defined, which are named: AVHRR-AM, AVHRR-PM, MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua, ATSR2-AATSR and MERIS+AATSR, each comprising a specific subset of all available sensors. The individual characteristics of the datasets are presented together with a summary of the retrieval systems and measurement records on which the dataset generation were based. Example validation results are given, based on comparisons to well-established reference observations, which demonstrate the good quality of the data. Together with the ensured spectral consistency and rigorous uncertainty propagation though all processing levels, the Cloud_cci datasets approach new benchmarks for climate data records of cloud properties based on passive imaging sensors. For each dataset a Digital Object Identifier has been issued: Cloud_cci AVHRR-AM: https://doi.org/10.5676/DWD/ESA_Cloud_cci/AVHRR-AM/V002 Cloud_cci AVHRR-PM: https://doi.org/10.5676/DWD/ESA_Cloud_cci/AVHRR-PM/V002 Cloud_cci MODIS-Terra: https://doi.org/10.5676/DWD/ESA_Cloud_cci/MODIS-Terra/V002 Cloud_cci MODIS-Aqua: https://doi.org/10.5676/DWD/ESA_Cloud_cci/MODIS-Aqua/V002 Cloud_cci ATSR2-AATSR: https://doi.org/10.5676/DWD/ESA_Cloud_cci/ATSR2-AATSR/V002 Cloud_cci MERIS+AATSR: https://doi.org/10.5676/DWD/ESA_Cloud_cci/MERIS+AATSR/V002
1997 Kronotsky earthquake and tsunami and their predecessors, Kamchatka, Russia
Authors: Bourgeois Joanne , Pinegina Tatiana K.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The northern segment of the Kamchatka subduction zone (KSZ) experienced three tsunamigenic earthquakes in the 20th century (Feb 1923, April 1923, Dec 1997), events that help us better understand the behavior of this segment. Characterizing these historical earthquakes and tsunamis in turn contributes to interpreting the prehistoric record, which is necessary to evaluate recurrence intervals for such events. A particular focus of this study is the nature and location of the 5 December 1997 Kronotsky rupture as elucidated by tsunami runup in southern Kamchatsky Bay. Some studies have characterized the subduction zone off Kronotsky Peninsula as less seismogenic, as indicated by gravity-anomaly analyses, and have placed the 1997 rupture south of the promontory. However, tsunami runup north of the peninsula, as evidenced by our mapping of tsunami deposits, requires the rupture to extend farther north. Previously reported runup (1997 tsunami) on Kronotsky Peninsula was no more than 2–3 m, but our studies indicate tsunami heights for at least 50 km north of the peninsula, ranging from 3.4 to 9.5 m (average 6.1 m), exceeding beach ridge heights of 5.3 to 8.3 m (average 7.1 m). For the two 1923 tsunamis, we cannot distinguish their deposits in southern Kamchatsky Bay, but they are in sum more extensive than the 1997 deposit. A reevaluation of the April 1923 earthquake (and its tsunami) suggests that its moment magnitude should be revised upward to Mw ~8. This revision makes the two 1923 events more like a pair, with the 1997 earthquake filling a gap between them. Deeper in time, the 1700-year prehistoric record of tsunamis in southern Kamchatsky Bay indicates that during this interval, there were no local events significantly larger than the 20th century earthquakes. Together, the historic and prehistoric record suggests a more northerly location of the 1997 rupture, a revision of the size of the April 1923 earthquake, and agreement with previous work suggesting the northern KSZ ruptures in smaller sections than the southern KSZ. The latter conclusion requires caution, however, as we continue to learn that our historic and even pre-historic records of earthquakes and tsunamis is limited, in particular as applied to hazard analysis. This study is a contribution to our continued efforts to understand tectonic behavior around the northern Pacific and in subduction zones, in general.
Emergency management of the 2010 Mt. Rotolon landslide by means of a local scale GB-InSAR monitoring system
Authors: Frodella William , Salvatici Teresa , Pazzi Veronica , Morelli Stefano , Fanti Riccardo
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Diffuse and severe slope instabilities affected the whole Veneto region (Northeast Italy) between October 31st and November 2nd 2010, following a period of heavy and persistent rainfall. In this context on November 4th 2010 a large detrital mass detached from the cover of the Mt. Rotolon Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (DSGSD), located in the upper Agno River Valley, channelizing within the Rotolon Creek riverbed and evolving into a highly mobile debris flow. The latter phenomena damaged many hydraulic works, also putting at high risk bridges, local roads, together with population of the Maltaure, Turcati and Parlati villages located along the creek banks and of the Recoaro Terme town. Starting from the beginning of the emergency phase, the Civil Protection system was activated, involving the National Civil Protection Department, Veneto Region, and local administrations personnel and technicians, as well as scientific institutions. On December 8th 2010 a local scale monitoring system, based on a Ground Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-InSAR), was implemented in order to evaluate the slope deformation pattern evolution in correspondence of the debris flow detachment sector, with the final aim of assessing the landslide residual risk and manage the emergency phase. This paper describes the outcomes of a two years GB-InSAR monitoring campaign (December 2010–December 2012), its application for monitoring, mapping, and emergency management activities, in order to provide a rapid and easy communication of the results to the involved technicians and civil protection personnel, for a better understanding of the landslide phenomena and decision making process in a critical landslide scenario.
SKAUSMO MALŠINIMO IKIHOSPITALINIAME ETAPE
GALŪNIŲ TRAUMŲ ATVEJAIS TYRIMAS
Authors: Vabalaitė Birutė , Paliokaitė Ieva , Stašaitis Kęstutis , Vaitkaitis Dinas
Published: June 2017

Skausmas yra labai dažna priežastis, dėl kurios pacientai
kreipiasi į sveikatos priežiūros įstaigas.Viena
iš esminių problemų, neleidžiančių efektyviai
gydyti skausmo, netinkamas skausmo vertinimas.
Skausmas bus nepakankamai malšinamas jo stiprumą
įvertinus netinkamai arba skausmas bus negydomas,
jei bus nediagnozuotas. Šio tyrimo rezultatai
parodė, kad pacientų, patyrusių galūnių traumas,
skausmo gydymas VšĮ Kauno miesto Greitosios
medicinos pagalbos stotyje (GMP) ir Lietuvos sveikatos
mokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikų
Skubios pagalbos skyriaus (LSMUL KK SPS) yra
skirtingas.
Tyrimo metodika. Atlikta darbuotojų, tirtų LSMUL
KK SPS ir Kauno GMP stotyje, apklausa bei pacientų,
atvežtų į LSMUL KK SPS 2015-2016 metais
dėl galūnių skausmų (TLK S.40-99), GMP 110/A
formų įrašų ir SPS duomenų bazės analizė. Iš darbuotojų
apklausos rinkti duomenys: amžius, darbo
patirtis, lytis, pareigos, dažniausiai naudojamos
skausmo skalės, o iš GMP 110/A formos bei SPS
duomenų bazės - pacientų skausmo balų kitimas bei
gydymas ikihospitaliniame etape.
Rezultatai ir išvados. Buvo apklausti 62 GMP ir 32
LSMUL KK Skubios pagalbos skyriaus darbuotojai.
Iš GMP duomenų bazės buvo atrinkta 100 pacientų,
52 moterys (52%) ir 48 vyrai (48%), kurie
skundėsi galūnių sužalojimais ar skausmais. Jų amžiaus
vidurkis buvo 52,77 ± 0,2 metai.Iš apklausos
paaiškėjo, kad tiek GMP (58,1%), tiek SPS (68,8%)
darbuotojai skausmo balui vertinti dažniausiai naudoja
skaitmeninę skausmo skalę. GMP darbuotojų
minimalus skausmo balo vidurkis, kai skiriami neopioidiniai
analgetikai, yra 2,68 ± 0,02 balo, o SPS
darbuotojų - 4,96 ± 0,04 balo (p<0,05).Skausmo
balų įvertinimai, atvežus pacientą į priėmimo skyrių,
tarp GMP ir SPS darbuotojų skyrėsi dvigubai:
GMP pirmą kartą įvertino skausmą 2,57 ± 1,43 balo,
o SPS – 4,82 ± 1,93 balo. GMP darbuotojai skiria
nesteroidinius vaistus nuo uždegimo ir opioidinius
analgetikus esant mažesniam skausmo įvertinimui
skausmo skalėse negu LSMUL KK SPS darbuotojai.
O processo de canonização de João Cabral em Portugal
Authors: Fiuza Solange
Published: June 2017

Este artigo, apresentado originalmente como conferência a um público estrangeiro, acompanha o processo de canonização do poeta brasileiro João Cabral de Melo Neto em Portugal. Para isso, recupera parte significativa da recepção crítica portuguesa de Cabral e levanta outras informações que ajudam a entender a sua institucionalização nos anos 1960. Por fim, lembra críticos contemporâneos da poesia cabralina e indaga sobre a recepção futura dessa poesia considerando o atual contexto de ensino da literatura brasileira em Portugal.
Hacia un modelo educativo integral que humaniza
Authors: Flores Silva Jorge
Published: June 2017

Un modelo educativo con calidad y equidad ha de estar en función de la vida. Vivir y saber convivir debe ser tarea fundamental en toda propuesta educativa, porque la educación también es propuesta ética en el sentido que humaniza y socializa.Pensar y saber pensar para la reflexión que oriente a la transformación de las realidades que excluyen y deshumanizan debe ser resultado de procesos humanos que privilegian él “para que” y no solo el “como” de las cosas. -En tal sentido el curriculum que se impulse como campo problemático, complejo y abarcador debe ser de carácter integral que incluya los contenidos conceptuales, procedimentales y actitudinales para formar un ciudadano con sentido de responsabilidad y con conciencia del sujeto. Buscar la verdad es el objeto propio del deseo de educarse, verdad que se busca en la cultura, la economía, la política y en las relaciones interpersonales. La universidad es un espacio propicio para ello, donde no solo se forman profesionales, sino también donde se crea ciencia y se valora el trabajo científico con sentido de pertinencia que va al descubrimiento o que busca alternativas de solución a problemas concretos de la sociedad.
Los situación laboral de los Adultos Mayores en Honduras
Authors: Castillo Bertrand Norma Adriana
Published: June 2017

En América Latina y el Caribe, se está produciendo un inexorable envejecimiento de la población, y constituye un proceso generalizado, pues todos los países de la región se van convirtiendo a un ritmo distinto, en sociedades más envejecidas.De esta manera se percibe como en los distintos países de la región se encuentran en distintas etapas de la transición demográfica descrita por los niveles que presentan las variables de fecundidad y mortalidad en el quinquenio de 2010-2015 (CEPAL/CELADE, 2008).De forma particular, Honduras según los datos facilitados por CEPAL en el 2008, se ubica en la fase de plena transición porque los valores de la Tasa Global de Fecundidad (TGF) es de 3 hijos por mujer y la Esperanza de Vida al nacer de 73.6 años los cuales están cercanos al promedio regional (2.16 hijos por mujer y 74.7años) respectivamente.Según los datos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares y Propósitos Múltiples (EPHPM) Mayo 2012, la población total de adultos mayores asciende a 786,016 lo que representa el 8.6% de la población total. Por otro lado, al revisar la Población Económicamente Activa (PEA) de este grupo etario, se calculó en aproximadamente 331,688 personas donde el 99.5% están ocupados y el 0.5% desocupados. De los ocupados, el 67.5% son hombres y el 32.5% son mujeres participando en mayores porcentajes los comprendidos en las edades de 60-69 años.
SAMOTNE RODZICIELSTWO W DOŚWIADCZENIU MATEK DZIECI Z AUTYZMEM
Authors: Gosztyła Tomasz , Trubiłowicz Elżbieta
Published: June 2017

W kontekście wzrostu liczby rodzin niepełnych oraz wyzwań, jakie niosą ze sobą wychowanie i opieka nad dzieckiem z zaburzeniem ze spektrum autyzmu, istotnym postulatem jest poznanie doświadczeń związanych z macierzyństwem w grupie samotnych matek dzieci z autyzmem. Celem poznawczym badań była wstępna diagnoza percepcji samotnego rodzicielstwa w przypadku matek dzieci z zaburzeniem ze spektrum autyzmu, a celem aplikacyjnym, uzyskanie informacji przydatnych dla ich efektywnego wspierania. Do analiz zakwalifikowano wyniki uzyskane przez 50 kobiet. Wszystkie były matkami samotnie wychowującymi przynajmniej jedno dziecko z diagnozą zaburzenia ze spektrum autyzmu. Wykorzystano następujące narzędzia badawcze: Skala Postaw Rodzicielskich (SPR) Mieczysława Plopy, Ten Item Personality Inventory w polskiej adaptacji Agnieszki Sorokowskiej i in. (TIPI-PL) oraz Test Zdań Niedokończonych i kwestionariusz ankiety w opracowaniu własnym. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają na charakterystykę postaw rodzicielskich, jakie badane mają wobec swoich dzieci oraz ukazują ich związki z określonymi cechami osobowości matek. Dostarczają informacji dotyczących percepcji rodzicielstwa, percepcji dziecka i relacji z nim, oczekiwań, nadziei i zmartwień związanych z dzieckiem oraz stosowanych oddziaływań wychowawczych. Pozwalają też ocenić wsparcie formalne i nieformalne, z jakiego korzystają matki.
Influence of plastic deformation temperature on the structure and mechanical properties of low-alloy copper alloys with Co, Ni and B
Authors: Grzegorczyk B. , Ozgowicz W.
Published: June 2017

Purpose: This work presents the influence of chemical composition and plastic deformation
temperature of CuCoNi and CuCoNiB as well as CuCo2 and CuCo2B alloys on the structure,
mechanical properties and, especially on the inter-crystalline brittleness phenomenon and
ductility minimum temperature effect in tensile testing with strain rate of 1.2·10-3 s-1 in the
range from 20°C to 800°C.
Design/methodology/approach: The tensile test of the investigated copper alloys
was realized in the temperature range of 20-800°C with a strain rate of 1.2·10-3 s–1 on the
universal testing machine. Metallographic observations of the structure were carried out on
a light microscope and the fractographic investigation of fracture on an electron scanning
microscope.
Findings: Low-alloy copper alloys such as CuCo2 and CuCo2B as well as CuCoNi and
CuCoNiB show a phenomenon of minimum plasticity at tensile testing in plastic deforming
temperature respectively from 500°C to 700°C for CuCo2, from 450°C to 600°C for CuCo2B
and from 450°C to 600°C for CuCo2B and from 500°C to 600°C for CuCoNiB.
Practical implications: In result of tensile tests of copper alloys it has been found that
the ductility minimum temperature of the alloys equals to about 500°C. At the temperature
of stretching of about 450°C the investigated copper alloys show maximum strength values.
Originality/value: Based on the test results the temperature range for decreased plasticity
of CuCoNi and CuCoNiB as well as CuCo2 and CuCo2B alloys was specified. This brittleness
is a result of decreasing plasticity in a determined range of temperatures of deforming called
the ductility minimum temperature.
La neuroéconomie : quelques éclairages sur un nouveau genre disciplinaire
Authors: Aimar Thierry
Published: June 2017

L’article propose quelques éléments d’interprétation du développement de la neuroéconomie. Apparue à l’aube des années 2000, celle-ci s’appuie sur les récentes techniques d’investigation du cerveau pour déterminer les équivalents cérébraux des comportements économiques et étudier les processus de prise de décision sous-jacents. La neuroéconomie met ainsi en lumière les facteurs cognitifs et émotionnels qui sont à la base des actions humaines. Face au débat sur son utilité pour la discipline, l’objet de l’article est aussi de montrer par quelques exemples significatifs comment la neuroéconomie a permis d’enrichir le champ d’investigation de la théorie économique en éclairant des paradoxes expérimentaux et en élargissant l’espace des prévisions.
L’abus sexuel : discussion de la définition, éléments de diagnostic et de prévention1
Authors: Collart Pierre
Published: June 2017

L’article aborde la définition de l’abus sexuel en développant la question du consentement, les actes composant l’abus sexuel et les processus impliqués dans l’abus sexuel, tant ce qui concerne les auteurs que les victimes. Dans un second temps, les conséquences psychologiques, psychosomatiques, physiques et physiologiques sont développées. Enfin, des éléments concernant la prévention des abus sexuels sont abordés.
Évaluateurs évalués : évaluation diagnostique des compétences en évaluation des correcteurs d’une épreuve d’expression écrite à forts enjeux
Authors: Casanova Dominique , Demeuse Marc
Published: June 2017

Les évaluateurs constituent un maillon essentiel des dispositifs d’évaluation des compétences langagières et doivent bénéficier d’un accompagnement continu pour maintenir la qualité des évaluations à un niveau satisfaisant. Cet article compare deux méthodes pour la détermination des profils de sévérité d’évaluateurs d’une épreuve d’expression écrite en français langue étrangère, à partir de leurs données de production. La première méthode s’inscrit dans le cadre de la théorie classique des tests et la seconde s’appuie sur la théorie de réponse aux items, par la mise en oeuvre d’un modèle multifacettes de Rasch. Les résultats concordants des deux méthodes montrent l’utilité de tenir compte de la sévérité des correcteurs aux différents points de césure pour améliorer la fidélité du test, même si cette dernière n’explique qu’une part limitée de la variance d’erreur. Ces informations permettent également de dresser des profils d’évaluation individuels des correcteurs, qui peuvent être exploités dans le cadre de leur suivi pour la mise en oeuvre d’actions de remédiation ciblées.
Culturally safe communication and the power of language in Arctic nursing
Authors: Møller Helle
Published: June 2017

Nursing education and healthcare in Nunavut and Greenland have been developed, and to a large degree governed, by Danish and Euro-Canadian norms, culture, and language. Teachers and healthcare professionals are mostly Danish-speaking Danes in Greenland and English-speaking Euro-Canadians from southern Canada in Nunavut. This is not trivial for Greenlandic and Canadian Inuit nursing students or nurses, or for Canadian and Greenlandic Inuit healthcare recipients, the majority of whom speak Greenlandic or Inuktitut as their mother tongue. Drawing primarily on data from interviews with Canadian and Greenlandic Inuit nurses and nursing students between 2007 and 2010, I discuss the ways in which language as habitus may work to support or impede culturally safe care, workplaces, and education. I argue that the double-cultured Greenlandic and Canadian Inuit nurses and nursing students are invaluable to Arctic healthcare systems as culturally safe healthcare providers and habitus brokers. Furthermore, healthcare professionals from outside Greenland and Nunavut can advantageously learn from their Greenlandic and Canadian Inuit counterparts.
“Our connection makes us stronger”: Inuit youth’s strategies to feel comfortable in Ottawa
Authors: Vaudry Stéphanie
Published: June 2017

This paper focuses on challenges young Inuit adults face in everyday life in the city and the coping strategies they have developed. For research participants, being “connected” with the world(s) surrounding them appears to be central to how they feel and orientate themselves in the city. Connectedness, for these young Inuit, translates into close and significant relationships with people, ancestors, future generations, objects, animals, and nature, which are elements of the Inuit universe of meanings and, more broadly, belong to Indigenous universes. Therefore, being comfortable is linked to the maintenance of harmonious relationships with these different agents. As we will see, urban milieus, like Ottawa, belong to a universe of meanings to which Inuit youth are not always accustomed. Nevertheless, through their agency, they develop strategies to establish relationships within the city, enabling themselves to become acquainted with the urban world and its inhabitants. As Ottawa hosts a large Inuit community, the urban challenges that they face can be mitigated as they participate in Inuit worlds.
Inuit principals and the changing context of bilingual education in Nunavut
Authors: Tulloch Shelley , Metuq Lena , Hainnu Jukeepa , Pitsiulak Saa , Flaherty Elisapee , Lee Cathy , Walton Fiona
Published: June 2017

Although positive policies and laws promote the Inuit language andInuit qaujimajatuqangit(IQ) in all sectors of Nunavut society, including at all levels of Inuit schooling, many Nunavut schools are still struggling to overturn colonizing practices and mindsets that have hindered effective education of Inuit youth. In this article, we document perceptions of students, teachers, principals, parents, and community members related to school transformation under the leadership of an Inuk principal and and Inuk co-principal in two Nunavut high schools. These oral accounts show that having an Inuit principal enhanced students’ opportunities to learn and practise the Inuit language and IQ through enhanced, localized programming and increased exposure to Inuit ways of speaking and being. Parents were mobilized and equipped to support and advocate for their children, including joining local District Education Authorities, when they were able to communicate easily and effectively with the principal, and saw their knowledge, culture, and language valued and practised in the school system. We argue that the strong, community-anchored leadership modelled in these two schools transformed the context for effective intercultural, bilingual education. Results point to the importance of leadership by school principals in actualizing the goals set out in Nunavut’s Education Act (2008), governmental mandates, and language laws.
The Many Faces of Design
Authors: Ruttonsha Perin L.Z.
Published: June 2017

In light of contemporary global pressures, designers have been considering how to apply their thinking and practice more broadly within the enterprise of sustainability. Given the often wicked nature and cross-scale dynamics of related challenges, there is reason to reassess the role of design in processes of systems transformation amidst complexity. In this manuscript, the author contemplates the diversity of ‘designerly ways’, in interpretation of designers’ encounters with complex adaptive systems. These interactions are classified here using the three lenses of adaptive response, creative agency and emergent engagement.
Co-designing with relationships in mind
Authors: Aguirre-Ulloa Manuela , Paulsen Adrian
Published: June 2017

We need to move from object-oriented thinking towards relational thinking for many reasons. As public services become more complex, their design increasingly focuses on the relationships between people.  The role of the traditional service staff is shifting from a ‘provider’ to an ‘enabler’ and ‘facilitator’ of relationships between service users, their peers, family or members of the civil service.  Many agree that the future of public services relies on relational services, relational welfare and a relational state. Yet we don’t have a shared vocabulary to describe good relationships nor materials to design for services that support meaningful relationships. We visually perceive the world as fragmented parts rather than seeing the connection amongst the parts. This perception is integrated with cognition, therefore when mapping complex systems, nodes are emphasized over their relations in-between. Categorizing and color-coding types of systemic relations are useful to understand but not sufficient to shape complex social relationships. We propose a multi-sensory relational tool that aids public servants, designers and users in understanding social relationships through the use of material properties as new design materials. Testing this tool revealed that people are enabled, within a short timeframe, to create a shared relational vocabulary and use the tool to co-design new service concepts. However, future research needs to address how to move from theory to practice, hence from concepts to prototyping.
Systemic Design for Second-Order Effects
Authors: Barba Evan
Published: June 2017

Second-order effects refer to changes within a system that are the result of changes made somewhere else in the system (the first-order effects). Second-order effects can occur at different spatial, temporal, or organizational scales from the original interventions, and are difficult to control. Some organizational theorists suggest that careful management of feedback processes can facilitate controlled change from one organizational configuration to another. Recognizing that skill in managing feedback processes is a core competency of design suggests that design skills are potentially useful tools in achieving organizational change. This paper describes a case study in which a co-design methodology was used to control the second-order effects resulting from a classroom intervention to create organizational change. This approach is then theorized as the Instigator Systems approach.
Relating Systems Thinking and Design III
Authors: Forlizzi Jodi , Sevaldson Birger , Ryan Alex
Published: June 2017

This special issue of Form Akademisk captures some of the systemic design thinking and research presented at the RSD3 conference, held in Oslo, Norway in 2014, and the RSD4 conference, held in Banff, Canada in 2015. These two conferences offered a range of submissions encompassing the fields of design, systemics, public policy, healthcare, and other domains. This body of work explores the emerging renaissance of systems thinking in design. The papers presented here are responses to the world we live and design in, a world that is increasingly complex and increasingly problematic for those in government, industry and academia alike.            We believe that the thinking and intervention developed at RSD3 and RSD4 is well poised to meet these challenges. In this issue, we offer two sets of papers; the first set focuses on frameworks and organizing concepts, and the second set focuses on methods and tools to aid in systemic design.
Integrating Systems Thinking and Storytelling
Authors: Ollove Maggie , Lteif Diala
Published: June 2017

This paper explores the role of design in conflict resolution when doing so means balancing burdened pasts with present uncertainties. To prove its relevance in today’s complex problem spaces, design cannot remain stagnant; it must evolve alongside the pace of development. Designing within complexity is unprecedented. Yet, design can define structures that guide an understanding of this complexity. The methodology and case study described in this paper explore how systems thinking, storytelling and grounded theory can contribute to this understanding. The methodology aims to combine subjective perspectives with systemic analyses to create a collective narrative that reveals the multitude of individual understandings of conflicts. Ultimately, this methodology does not attempt to resolve conflict; instead, it  aims to provide an in-depth diagnosis of a wicked problem and question the role of design therein.
Distinct patterns in the gut microbiota after surgical or medical therapy in obese patients
Authors: Medina Daniel A. , Pedreros Juan P. , Turiel Dannae , Quezada Nicolas , Pimentel Fernando , Escalona Alex , Garrido Daniel
Published: June 2017

Bariatric surgery is highly successful in improving health compared to conventional dietary treatments. It has been suggested that the gut microbiota is a relevant factor in weight loss after bariatric surgery. Considering that bariatric procedures cause different rearrangements of the digestive tract, they probably have different effects on the gut microbiota. In this study, we compared the impact of medical treatment, sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on the gut microbiota from obese subjects. Anthropometric and clinical parameters were registered before, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Fecal samples were collected and microbiota composition was studied before and six months post treatment using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR. In comparison to dietary treatment, changes in intestinal microbiota were more pronounced in patients subjected to surgery, observing a bloom inProteobacteria. Interestingly,Bacteroidetesabundance was largely different after six months of each surgical procedure. Furthermore, changes in weight and BMI, or glucose metabolism, correlated positively with changes in these two phyla in these surgical procedures. These results indicate that distinct surgical procedures alter the gut microbiota differently, and changes in gut microbiota might contribute to health improvement. This study contributes to our understanding of the impact of weight loss surgery on the gut microbiota, and could be used to replicate this effect using targeted therapies.