bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exophiala amphawaensis sp. nov., a novel black yeast isolated from the gut of amphipods in Thailand
Authors: Haranto Tita , Khunnamwong Pannida , Wongkamhaeng Koraon , Lueangjaroenkit Piyangkun
Published: May 2024

The genus Exophiala is polymorphic, able to transition between yeast, hyphal and pseudohyphal forms. Species of the genus Exophiala are ubiquitous fungi that are distributed in various environments around the world. During a survey of fungal diversity in the gut of amphipods (Floresorchestia amphawaensis and undescribed Dogielinotid amphipods) from the Amphawa estuary, Samut Songkhram province, Thailand, five black yeast strains (DMKU-MG01, DMKU-MG07, DMKU-MG08, DMKU-HG10 and DMKU-FG04) were identified as representing a novel taxon on the basis of a combination of morphological and molecular phylogenetic features. The five strains did not produce filamentous hyphae or pseudohyphae. Only budding yeast cells were observed. On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and the results of molecular analyses of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the five strains were identified as representing a novel species via applied nucleotide pairwise analysis. They differed from the most closely related species Exophiala alcalophiala by 3.54 % nucleotide substitutions (20 nucleotide substitutions in 572 bp) in the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene. Moreover, the sequences of the ITS region of the five strains differed from those of the most closely related species E. alcalophiala, by 7.44–9.62 % nucleotide substitutions, and Exophiala halophiala, by 7.2–7.53 % nucleotide substitutions. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated sequences of the ITS regions and the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene confirmed that the five black yeast strains represented a single novel species of the genus Exophiala. In this study, Exophiala amphawaensis sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these strains. The holotype is TBRC 15626T and the isotype is PYCC9020. The MycoBank accession number of the novel species is MB 851477.
Deep population structure linked to host vernalization requirement in the barley net blotch fungal pathogen
Authors: Ramírez Martínez Julie , Guillou Sonia , Le Prieur Stéphanie , Di Vittorio Pauline , Bonal Florelle , Taliadoros Demetris , Gueret Elise , Fournier Elisabeth , Stukenbrock Eva H. , Valade Romain , Gladieux Pierre
Published: May 2024

Invasive fungal pathogens pose a substantial threat to widely cultivated crop species, owing to their capacity to adapt to new hosts and new environmental conditions. Gaining insights into the demographic history of these pathogens and unravelling the mechanisms driving coevolutionary processes are crucial for developing durably effective disease management programmes. Pyrenophora teres is a significant fungal pathogen of barley, consisting of two lineages, Ptt and Ptm, with global distributions and demographic histories reflecting barley domestication and spread. However, the factors influencing the population structure of P. teres remain poorly understood, despite the varietal and environmental heterogeneity of barley agrosystems. Here, we report on the population genomic structure of P. teres in France and globally. We used genotyping-by-sequencing to show that Ptt and Ptm can coexist in the same area in France, with Ptt predominating. Furthermore, we showed that differences in the vernalization requirement of barley varieties were associated with population differentiation within Ptt in France and at a global scale, with one population cluster found on spring barley and another population cluster found on winter barley. Our results demonstrate how cultivation conditions, possibly associated with genetic differences between host populations, can be associated with the maintenance of divergent invasive pathogen populations coexisting over large geographic areas. This study not only advances our understanding of the coevolutionary dynamics of the Pt-barley pathosystem but also prompts further research on the relative contributions of adaptation to the host versus adaptation to abiotic conditions in shaping Ptt populations.
No conclusive evidence for an association between differential observational threat learning and physical activity in everyday life
Authors: Petalas Jannis , Müller Madeleine , Haaker Jan
Published: May 2024

Background

Exercise is well known to generally improve health status in humans and seems to be beneficial not only for physical, but also learning processes. The evidence for the impact of general physical activity on emotional learning, is however scarce. Here, we test the pre-registered hypothesis that the individual physical activity level of the past seven days is positively associated with observational threat learning, indicated by the differentiation between threat and safety cues.

Methods

We conducted a two day online study. 90 healthy participants (mean age = 27.82 years) engaged by completing questionnaires (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S/STAI-T and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)) on day one, followed by an observational learning task. Participants were asked to rate their discomfort, fear, and physiological response towards the CS+ and CS-both before and after the learning phase using a visual analogue scale. On day two (approximately 24 hours after day one), participants completed the STAI-S again, followed by a direct generalization task. Similar to before, participants were asked to report their discomfort, fear, and physiological response both before and after the generalization task.

To quantify the level of physical activity (PA) of the past seven days a sum score of the IPAQ was calculated. The pre-registered primary endpoint was to test for apositive association between PA and the ability to discriminate the conditioned stimuli.

Results

Pearson’s correlation analyses revealed no significant correlations between the combined total physical activity (PA) score and differential ratings of subjective discomfort (r = 0.11, pcorr= 0.150), fear (r = 0.203, pcorr= 0.081) or physiological responses (r = 0.145, pcorr= 0.17) on day 1. The same analysis revealed no significant correlations on day 2, either (differential ratings of subjective discomfort, r = 0.053, pcorr= 0.93, fear, r = -0.068, pcorr= 0.99, and physiological responses, r = -0.072, pcorr= 0.751 on day 2). However, we also found no sufficient evidence supporting the null hypothesis (i.e. no correlation) for the association between differential learning and PA on day 1, when applying bayesian statistics. Instead, we found a covariation between the ratings of discomfort and physical activity, as well as between ratings of fear and physical activity on day 1 and 2 within a repeated measurement ANOVA. This was supported by bayesian statistics.

Conclusion

Our results provided no convincing evidence for a correlation between differential observational threat learning and physical activity (as measured by the IPAQ). Future studies that provide a better control for individual physical activity are warranted.
A comparison of the isostructural [Co(NH3)5NO2]XNO3 and [Co(NH3)5ONO]XNO3, X = Cl− or Br− in relation to nitro–nitrito linkage isomerization and photomechanical effects
Authors: Kalinina Polina P. , Marchuk Alexander S. , Sahoo Subash , Zakharov Boris A. , Boldyreva Elena V.
Published: May 2024

A new photoactive cobalt coordination compound, [Co(NH3)5NO2]BrNO3 (I), was obtained. Its crystal structure was shown to be isostructural with previously known [Co(NH3)5NO2]ClNO3 (II) for which linkage isomerization accompanied with mechanical response of the crystal has been already reported. Single crystals of I are transformed into nitrito isomer [Co(NH3)5ONO]BrNO3 (III) on irradiation with blue light (λ = 465 nm) without being destroyed. The crystal structure of III was also solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and compared with previously known [Co(NH3)5ONO]ClNO3 (IV). A detailed comparison of the structures of I, II, III and IV, including unit-cell parameters, the distribution of free space (in particular, reaction cavities around the nitro ligand), the lengths of hydrogen bonds, coordination and Voronoi–Dirichlet polyhedra has been performed. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were complemented with IR spectra. The effect of the replacement of Cl− by Br− on the crystal structure and on the nitro–nitrito photoisomerization is discussed.
Application of Laplace Adomian decomposition method for fractional Fokker-Planck equation and time fractional coupled Boussinesq-Burger equations
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Wang Lizhen
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Fractional Fokker-Planck equation (FFPE) and time fractional coupled Boussinesq-Burger equations (TFCBBEs) play important roles in the fields of solute transport, fluid dynamics, respectively. Although there are many methods for solving the approximate solution, simple and effective methods are more preferred. This paper aims to utilize Laplace Adomian decomposition method (LADM) to construct approximate solutions for these two types of equations and gives some examples of numerical calculations, which can prove the validity of LADM by comparing the error between the calculated results and the exact solution.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper analyzes and investigates the time-space fractional partial differential equations based on the LADM method in the sense of Caputo fractional derivative, which is a combination of the Laplace transform and the Adomian decomposition method. LADM method was first proposed by Khuri in 2001. Many partial differential equations which can describe the physical phenomena are solved by applying LADM and it has been used extensively to solve approximate solutions of partial differential and fractional partial differential equations.

Findings

This paper obtained an approximate solution to the FFPE and TFCBBEs by using the LADM. A number of numerical examples and graphs are used to compare the errors between the results and the exact solutions. The results show that LADM is a simple and effective mathematical technique to construct the approximate solutions of nonlinear time-space fractional equations in this work.

Originality/value

This paper verifies the effectiveness of this method by using the LADM to solve the FFPE and TFCBBEs. In addition, these two equations are very meaningful, and this paper will be helpful in the study of atmospheric diffusion, shallow water waves and other areas. And this paper also generalizes the drift and diffusion terms of the FFPE equation to the general form, which provides a great convenience for our future studies.
Ten years of Industry 4.0 adoption: external and internal perspective in a systemic model towards Industry 5.0
Authors: Piccarozzi Michela , Silvestri Cecilia , Rossi Fabrizio , Szopik-Depczyńska Katarzyna , Ioppolo Giuseppe
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to provide a systemic and integrated view of how Industry 4.0 and its enabling technologies affect companies' internal and external environments. It offers a comprehensive view of the contribution about ten years after the start of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Design/methodology/approach

The study performs a systematic literature review based on Industry 4.0 management literature. Analyzing the results of the 308 final papers in the sample made it possible to build a theoretical model to explain the contribution of Industry 4.0 to the internal and external environment of the company.

Findings

The results highlight the contribution of Industry 4.0 to the processes and environment of the company by providing a systemic and integrated view, highlighting the most applied enabling technologies and their internal, external, and combined usefulness in business processes.

Research limitations/implications

Finally, the paper provides a broad view of the Industry 4.0 topic ten years after its origin through an extensive literature analysis that allows us to highlight the significant studies and the areas still under-researched by researchers and opens the debate on the Industry 5.0 scenario.

Originality/value

The model makes it possible to appreciate the role of Industry 4.0 and its enabling technologies in companies in a broad and systemic view and to understand, from a managerial point of view, the interactions, synergies, and possibilities within processes and the reflection on the external environment.
Mechanical and fracture properties of mortars reinforced with glass fibre and prepared with different cement types
Authors: Ibrahim Haruna , Wardeh George , Fares Hanaa , Ghorbel Elhem
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The main aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of Anti-Crack HP 67/36 glass fibre on the mechanical performance of mortars made of cement, with a focus on post-cracking evaluations using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique.

Design/methodology/approach

Experimental tests were carried out on 36-mm long fibres at 0.8% by volume and added to the normal strength (NSM), high strength (HSM) and high strength mortar with fly ash (HSMFA) mortars. CEM I 52.5 CP2 NF, CEM II/A-L 42.5 NF and CEM III/C 32.5 N-SR PM were used for each series of mortar to assess the performance of the glass fibres with the types of cement. F-class fly (FA) ash was used to reduce global CO2 emissions.

Findings

The mortar’s strength decreased as the cement types changed from CEM I to CEM II and III. However, due to changes in the portlandite content of the cement, water porosity increased for both types of mortar, without and with fibre. It was also found that using glass fibre increased flexural strength more than compressive strength, regardless of the type of cement used. For all the strength classes, it was found that the mortar mixes with CEM I had the highest critical crack opening (wc) and fracture energy (GF), followed by CEM II and III. No significant effects were observed in the mortar’s property by replacing fly ash (12%).

Research limitations/implications

Only mortars were formulated in this study, but the results must be verified at the concrete scale.

Practical implications

Validation of the DIC technique to characterize the post-cracking behaviour of cement-based material. Use of glass fibres to improve the material’s resistance to cracking.

Social implications

Use of CEM II and CEM III cements with low CO2 footprint instead of CEMI without altering the mechanical performance of the material.

Originality/value

The work is a further contribution to studying the cracking behaviour of several series of variable mortars depending on the resistance class and the type of cement used.
Management earnings forecast and technical innovation: the mediating effects of cost of debt
Authors: Bilal Khan Muhammad , Ezeani Ernest , Saleem Hummera , Usman Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study examines whether a firm’s management earnings forecasts affect its technical innovation activities. Our study also examines whether the cost of debt plays a mediating role between the management earnings forecasts and the innovation nexus.

Design/methodology/approach

We obtained data from 1,032 Chinese non-financial firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2005 to 2022 (i.e. 18,576 firm-year observations). We used various econometrics techniques, such as Heckman’s (1979) two-stage selection method and two-stage least square, to examine the relationship between management earnings forecasts and the firm’s technical innovation activities.

Findings

We find a positive relationship between management earnings forecasts and the firms' technical innovation. We also find that the cost of debt mediates the relationship between management earnings forecast and technical innovation. Further analysis indicates that frequent earnings forecasts provide incremental information regarding a firm’s future value and cash flows, thus reducing the volatility and uncertainty in cash flow calculations. Our findings are robust to several tests.

Originality/value

Our study has implications for policymakers, practitioners and high-level management of Chinese firms, enabling them to understand the relationship between management earnings forecasts and firms' innovation activities.
Community’s perception of buren site conservation in Upper Barito, Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Hartatik Hartatik , Wahyu Wahyu , Ruslan Muhammad , Putro Herry Porda Nugroho
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to describe and analyse the community’s perceptions of buren sites and how they maintain their value. Buren is a term used by locals to refer to the location of former iron ore smelting in the past. Archaeological findings at smelting sites are slags, ore fragments, tuyeres and smelting furnaces. These sites urgently need to be conserved because the expansion of oil palm plantations and coal mines is ongoing. Buren sites are on community and customary land, so site conservation and development must consider community perception.

Design/methodology/approach

The primary data were gathered through interviews, group discussions and observation. A literature review of previous research results obtained secondary data. Interviews and group discussions were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim as qualitative coding. Thematic content analysis was performed using the concepts of the community’s perception and heritage values.

Findings

The community initially did not care about the buren. Today, they believe the buren as ancestral heritage has historical and educational value. The community hopes the buren can be preserved and developed to reinforce identity and pride as Dayak people and may improve community welfare.

Research limitations/implications

Preserving and developing buren sites necessitate serious planning involving multiple stakeholders, as well as incorporating buren sites into development plans and regional socioeconomic growth. Future research should focus on strategies for preserving and developing buren sites.

Practical implications

Research results are used to teach students about the history and technology of metal making, instilling a sense of patriotism, strength and pride in Dayak’s identity.

Social implications

The research has an impact on attitudes and behaviour of the locals. Previously, locals did not care about the buren tend to be afraid to enter it because they believed that buren was a guarded spirit. Now, the community has become concerned, participating in preserving the buren site as providing temporary roofs and making signboards and roads to the site. The community with support from regional officials expects to conserve and utilise the buren site as a tourist destination, combining river tours and forest tourism to create economic opportunities for local tour guides, parking services and boat providers.

Originality/value

The authenticity of this research is the sites are archaeologically valuable and are threatened by the expansion of oil palm plantations and coal mining. This is also the first study of an iron industrial site in Indonesia that addresses this problem and uses this method.
The coexistence of halal food products in non-Muslim communities: visiting Kupang cases, Indonesia
Authors: Izudin Ahmad , Isnanto Muh , Yuwono Dandung Budi , Sujibto B.J.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to revisit the practice of multiculturalism within the co-existence of halal food products in non-Muslim communities in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through observations, interviews and documentation using a case study approach.

Findings

The important findings in the existing study indicate that social practice related to the acceptance and expression of non-Muslim communities towards halal products and certificates is integrated into the daily life of the people. It has contrasted with other regions in Indonesia where debates between cultural and structural aspects of halal product studies and certification prevail, often dominated by ego-sectoral interests and Islamic theology. Although Kupang’s predominantly non-Muslim population, the practice and model of halal products emerge with uniqueness within communal traditions and socio-cultural practices take precedence over structural factors.

Research limitations/implications

The most significant contribution of this research lies in mutual understanding, interfaith dialogue and religiosity that have fused into social life, specially building social coexistence in halal products.

Practical implications

These findings contribute to policymakers to reformulate halal certification and products, which are not solely driven by the interests of the Muslim community.

Originality/value

This study presents a new synthetic theory about halal products, confirming a case study in Kupang where non-Muslim communities accepted halal products as a reflection of cultural and local customs. This acceptance has led to the development of a new identity without contradictions among business interests, ideologies, sectoral aspects, hygiene, health and structural state movements.
Assessing the carrying capacity for the environmental protection of the ancient artworks of India’s Ajanta caves
Authors: Singh Manager , Gupta Deepak Anand , Sawant Dr Madhuri
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate environmental factors impacting Ajanta mural deterioration, assessing global tourism effects and visitor conduct on cave environment and murals. This study recognizes stakeholder roles in conservation, providing data-driven insights to guide institutions like the Archaeological Survey of India. The objective is sustainable tourism practices to balance public access with mural preservation for future generations.

Design/methodology/approach

Over 25 years, Ajanta Caves' visitors doubled, impacting microclimatic conditions for ancient murals. This study assesses visitor impact to establish a regime and determine carrying capacity, considering temperature, humidity and pollution. Challenges arise from quantifying capacity because of variables. This research informs global tourism and heritage conservation, offering methodologies applicable to cultural sites worldwide.

Findings

This study examines environmental impacts on mural preservation in Ajanta Caves, including humidity, microbial growth, sunlight exposure, air quality and tourist presence. Tourist influx escalates CO2 levels, directly endangering murals. Concerns about particulate matter, especially during visits, emphasize the need for data-driven decision-making and modern technology use to protect Ajanta Caves' artwork, crucial because of its global significance and tourism-related vulnerabilities.

Social implications

This study carries substantial social implications with a global resonance. The active engagement of the local community and tourism stakeholders in conserving and promoting the Ajanta Caves fosters empowerment, igniting a sense of pride, ownership and responsibility among residents and ensuring sustainable enjoyment of cultural heritage while safeguarding it for future generations. In addition, there will be socioeconomic benefits to local residents such as employment opportunities as tour operators, tour guides, hospitality staff, artisans and souvenir shopkeepers.

Originality/value

This study integrates art conservation, environmental science, cultural heritage preservation and social aspects to address global tourism challenges. Focusing on a site of worldwide significance, this study offers practical strategies for artwork preservation, tourism management and environmental concerns. These recommendations provide real-world solutions applicable to heritage sites globally, bridging scientific analysis with social and cultural insights.
Innovation in the Farm Office for Smart Sustainability Reporting
Authors: Poppe Krijn J. , Vrolijk Hans C.J. , van Asseldonk Marcel A.P.M.
Published: May 2024

Farms face an increasing administrative burden due to the push for a more sustainable agri‐food system. Farms are required to demonstrate compliance with various sustainability schemes, and this trend is expected to intensify with a more performance‐based CAP and new directives and regulations. The need for smart data reporting is emphasised, with a focus on minimising the administrative burden, creating useful systems and indicators for farm management, and ensuring auditability.

We advocate smart reporting as a solution and innovation in the farm office. The integration of data from Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS) with sustainability indicators is proposed in order to streamline the reporting process. The importance of using technology, such as e‐invoicing and robotic accounting, is highlighted to monitor and report crucial performance data. The integration of FMIS and Farm Financial Accounting (FFA) is proposed as a solution to enhance auditability and reduce manual input. The potential benefits of fully digital invoices and delivery notes to further streamline data exchange are proposed. Additionally, the paper discusses the role of central databases in the dairy sector.

Policy implications for governments in promoting data‐intensive relationships with farmers are identified. They build upon previous policy measures that involved accounting within farms and the digital exchange of data.

The paper concludes by emphasising the importance of supporting innovation in the farm office to unlock the full potential of technologies like blockchain, big data analysis, artificial intelligence and sustainability management.
Sensory, emotional, and appropriateness of plant‐ and meat‐based burgers
Authors: Sogari Giovanni , Grasso Simona , Caputo Vincenzina , Gómez Miguel I. , Mora Cristina , Schouteten Joachim J.
Published: May 2024

The plant‐based meat alternative market is experiencing rapid growth. However, whether this growth extends to mainstream consumers will depend on the sensory profile, emotional profile, and situational appropriateness of these products. This study provides a sensory comparison between two plant‐based burgers, one hybrid burger, and a conventional 100% ground beef burger. The sensory evaluation was carried out under blind and informed conditions using a between‐subject design. Participants (n = 177) were asked to rate the appearance, flavor, odor, and texture of each product and indicate their overall liking. In addition, 26 sensory terms were evaluated using the rate‐all‐that‐apply technique. The study also measured the emotional profile and the situational appropriateness elicited by each product using the check‐all‐that‐apply technique. The results showed that (a) in the blind condition, there were no significant differences observed in overall liking across the four burgers; (b) the plant‐based burger made with pea protein received the lowest overall liking score, and its evaluation was not positively influenced by product information disclosure; (c) providing product information influenced the perceived intensity of the attributes associated with meat; (d) discriminatory ability for emotions was higher in the informed condition; and (e) for the situational appropriateness, when prioritizing healthy eating, participants considered plant‐based burgers more suitable than the groundbeef burger.

Practical Application

Our results demonstrate that product descriptions could have an impact on consumer acceptance of different meat burger alternatives. In order to launch successfull meat alternatives, product developers and communication marketing specialists should consider the extent to which these alternatives resemble regular meat products in terms of their sensory and emotional profiles and context of use.
Letter: Presence of progression or absence of response? Alternative trial designs for immunotherapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Authors' reply
Authors: Mohr Raphael , Tacke Frank , Roderburg Christoph
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Jost‐Brinkmann et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17441 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17985
Pharmacological inhibition of STING reduces neuroinflammation‐mediated damage post‐traumatic brain injury
Authors: Fryer Amelia L. , Abdullah Amar , Mobilio Frank , Jobling Andrew , Moore Zachery , de Veer Michael , Zheng Gang , Wong Bruce X. , Taylor Juliet M. , Crack Peter J.
Published: May 2024

Background and Purpose

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major public health concern worldwide with unmet effective treatment. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and its downstream type‐I interferon (IFN) signalling are now appreciated to be involved in TBI pathogenesis. Compelling evidence have shown that STING and type‐I IFNs are key in mediating the detrimental neuroinflammatory response after TBI. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of STING presents a viable therapeutic opportunity in combating the detrimental neuroinflammatory response after TBI.

Experimental Approach

This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of the small‐molecule STING inhibitor n‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐5‐nitrofuran‐2‐carboxamide (C‐176) in the controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI in 10‐ to 12‐week‐old male mice. Thirty minutes post‐controlled cortical impact surgery, a single 750‐nmol dose of C‐176 or saline (vehicle) was administered intravenously. Analysis was conducted 2 h and 24 h post‐TBI.

Key Results

Mice administered C‐176 had significantly smaller cortical lesion area when compared to vehicle‐treated mice 24 h post‐TBI. Quantitative temporal gait analysis conducted using DigiGait™ showed C‐176 administration attenuated TBI‐induced impairments in gait symmetry, stride frequency and forelimb stance width. C‐176‐treated mice displayed a significant reduction in striatal gene expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines Tnf‐α, Il‐1β and Cxcl10 compared to their vehicle‐treated counterparts 2 h post‐TBI.

Conclusion and Implications

This study demonstrates the neuroprotective activity of C‐176 in ameliorating acute neuroinflammation and preventing white matter neurodegeneration post‐TBI. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of small‐molecule inhibitors targeting STING for the treatment of trauma‐induced inflammation and neuroprotective potential.
Clinical and radiographic performance of late placed and early loaded dental implants with a conditioned hydrophilic surface in posterior mandible sites: A prospective case series with an 8.5‐ to 9.5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Molinero‐Mourelle Pedro , Schimmel Martin , Forrer Fiona Alena , Hicklin Stefan Paul , Raabe Clemens , Chappuis Vivianne , Fonseca Manrique
Published: May 2024

Objective

To assess the clinical outcomes by means of implant and prosthetic survival of late placed and early loaded implants with a hydrophilic, moderately rough surface for partially edentulous patients after a follow‐up of 8.5 to 9.5 years.

Materials and methods

A prospective case series study involving 15 patients with single, late placed and early loaded implants in the posterior mandible was performed. Clinical and radiographical parameters, including biological and technical complications and patient satisfaction, were assessed.

Results

From an initial sample of 15 patients, 12 were included. A total of 16 implants were observed. After a mean follow‐up of 9 years and 7 months (SD ± 3.8 months), implant success and survival rate were 100%. The prosthetic survival rate was 100%, and the prosthetic success rate was 93.8% since a major chipping was observed. No biological complications were observed, and the mean modified plaque index was 0.03 (SD ± 0.09) with a mean probing pocket depth of 2.95 mm (SD ± 0.09). A mean marginal bone level (MBL) of 0.04 mm (SD ± 0.88) and a mean VAS of 9.42 (SD ± 0.90) for patient satisfaction were recorded.

Conclusion

Late placed and early loaded implants with a moderately rough endosseal surface are a reliable option for rehabilitating partially edentulous patients. An implant survival rate of 100% and a prosthodontic success rate of 93.8% were observed. Patient satisfaction scores were high and peri‐implant hard and soft tissues remained healthy. The study findings should be carefully interpreted because of the small sample.
Comparative real‐world outcomes of dupilumab versus endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of severe CRSwNP patients
Authors: De Corso Eugenio , Porru Davide Paolo , Corbò Marco , Montuori Claudio , De Maio Gabriele , Mastrapasqua Rodolfo Francesco , Panfili Marco , Spanu Camilla , Di Bella Giuseppe Alberto , D'Agostino Giuseppe , Rizzuti Alberta , Passali Giulio Cesare , Galli Jacopo
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Management of severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has changed significantly in recent years, with different treatments now available including biologics and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), although there are still few comparative studies. We aimed to compare 1‐year outcomes of patients with severe CRSwNP treated with dupilumab or ESS plus intranasal corticosteroids (INCS).

Methods

In this retrospective, real‐life, observational, cohort study, we enrolled 101 patients with severe CRSwNP who were treated with INCS and either ESS (n = 49) or dupilumab (n = 52). The following outcomes were considered: nasal polyp score (NPS), Sino Nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22), visual analogue scale (VAS) for specific symptoms, Sniffin' Sticks identification test (SSIT), need for oral corticosteroids (OCS) and local eosinophilia detected by nasal cytology.

Results

ΔNPS was significantly higher in the surgery group up to 12 months when the difference with dupilumab group was no longer significant (ΔNPS: 4 vs. 4.1). ΔVAS rhinorrhoea, ΔVAS smell and ΔSNOT‐22 were significantly higher in the dupilumab group at 12 months (p < .05). SSIT scores were significantly better in the dupilumab group starting from the first month of follow‐up (p < .05). In the dupilumab group, only 6.1% of patients had detectable local eosinophilia compared to 57% in the surgery group alongside with a lower need for OCS (16.3% vs. 61%).

Conclusions

Both dupilumab and ESS were effective in improving outcomes in patients with severe CRSwNP over 12 months. Nevertheless, patients treated with dupilumab had greater improvement in terms of SNOT‐22, VAS rhinorrhoea, VAS smell and SSIT scores, with better control of local inflammation and less need for OCS.
Berberine attenuates obesity‐induced insulin resistance by inhibiting miR‐27a secretion
Authors: Du Junda , Zhu Yu , Yang Xuehan , Geng Xinru , Xu Yang , Zhang Meishuang , Zhang Ming
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Berberine (BBR) is an alkaloid found in plants. It has neuroprotective, anti‐inflammatory and lipid‐lowering activity. However, the efficacy of treatment with BBR and the mechanisms through which it acts need further study.

Aims

This study investigated the therapeutic effects and the mechanism of action of BBR on obesity‐induced insulin resistance in peripheral tissues.

Methods

High‐fat‐fed C57BL/6J mice and low‐fat‐fed C57BL/6J mice with miR‐27a overexpression were given BBR intervention (100 mg/kg, po), and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed. Palmitic acid‐stimulated hypertrophic adipocyte models were treated with BBR (10 μM). Related indicators and protein expression levels were examined.

Results

The AUCs of the OGTT and the ITT in the BBR intervention group were reduced significantly (p < 0.01) (p < 0.05), and the serum biochemical parameters, including FBG, TC, TG and LDL‐C were significantly reduced after BBR intervention. In the in vitro experiments, the triglyceride level and volume of lipid droplets decreased significantly after BBR intervention (p < 0.01) (p < 0.05). Likewise, BBR ameliorates skeletal muscle and pancreas insulin signalling pathways in vivo and in vitro.

Discussion

The results showed that BBR significantly ameliorated insulin resistance, reduced body weight and percent body fat and improved serum biochemical parameters in mice. Likewise, BBR reduced triglyceride level and lipid droplet volume in hypertrophic adipocytes, BBR improved obesity effectively. Meanwhile, BBR ameliorated the histomorphology of the pancreas, and skeletal muscle and pancreas insulin related signalling pathways of islets in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results further demonstrated that BBR inhibited miR‐27a levels in serum from obese mice and supernatant of hypertrophic adipocytes. miR‐27a overexpression in low‐fat fed mice indicated that miR‐27a caused insulin resistance, and BBR intervention significantly improved the miR‐27a induced insulin resistance status.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the important role of BBR in obesity‐induced peripheral insulin resistance and suggest that the mechanism of its effect may be inhibition of miR‐27a secretion.
Gender disproportionality in special education: An analysis of odd ratios and trends
Authors: Akgul Savas , Yakut Ayse Dilsad
Published: May 2024

In Turkey, the special education population has steadily increased since 2006. By generating a 16‐year period of data obtained from the National Education Statistics (NES) published annually by the Presidency of Strategy Development of the Ministry of National Education, we synthesize the gender odds ratios and trends by special education categories and/or educational settings. We used odds ratios and the Mann‐Kendall test for data analysis. Gender disproportionality exists in favour of males with special needs in the majority of educational settings. In addition, we found uptrends, downtrends, and no trends for gender odds ratios. Gender disproportionality is discussed, along with implications for research and practice.
What alleviates the harmful effect of strain on recovery from work of 4478 health and social services workers? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Selander Kirsikka , Korkiakangas Eveliina , Laitinen Jaana
Published: May 2024

Aim

To analyse whether the harmful effect of job demands on recovery can be alleviated by healthy lifestyle, psychological recovery experiences and job resources. We also describe their prevalence among employees in different types of eldercare service and in the health and social services sector in general.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

The data were collected using a self‐report survey in 2020 in the health and social services sector organizations (n = 4478). Employees were classified as the following service types: general health and social services (N = 3225), home care (N = 452), service housing (N = 550) and outpatient and ward care (N = 202). The data were analysed using percentages, cross‐tabulations and logistic regression analysis.

Results

Poor recovery, high job demands, low appreciation and low autonomy in terms of worktime and breaks were more prevalent in eldercare. Employers could alleviate the risk of high job demands by offering job resources—appreciation, autonomy in terms of worktimes and breaks—and motivating employees to maintain healthy lifestyle habits and use recovery experiences such as relaxation.

Conclusion

The study emphasizes the importance of appreciation in the health and social services sector context. Even with moderate levels of appreciation employers can protect employees from poor recovery from work in the demanding health and social services work environment.

Impact

Eldercare employees face continuous and accumulating work strain at the same time as the sector struggles against a labour shortage. One way to prevent the harmful consequences of strain is to enhance recovery from work.

Employers could alleviate the risk of high job demands and poor recovery by showing appreciation and giving employees more autonomy in terms of work time and breaks during the workday. This could also motivate employees to keep up healthy lifestyle habits and use their recovery experiences. Results are important especially in the daily management of HSS work.

What Does this Paper Contribute to the wider Global Clinical Community?

Managers in the health and social services sector and eldercare can use these findings to promote recovery from work.

Reporting Method

STROBE checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Associations between trauma exposure and irritability within the family unit: a network approach
Authors: Cotter Grace , Morreale Kristina , Valdegas Amanda , Fish Meghan , Beebe Rebecca , Grasso Damion , Stover Carla , Tseng Wan‐Ling
Published: May 2024

Background

Pediatric irritability is a pervasive psychiatric symptom, yet its etiology remains elusive. While trauma exposure may contribute to the development of irritability, empirical research is limited. This study examined the prevalence of irritability among trauma‐exposed children, identified factors that differentiate trauma‐exposed children with and without irritability, and employed a network analysis to uncover associations between irritability and trauma exposure in the family unit.

Methods

Sample included 676 children (56.3% male, mean age = 9.67 ± 3.7 years) and their parents referred by the Connecticut Department of Children and Families to Fathers for Change – a psychotherapy intervention designed to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment. Child's trauma exposure, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and irritability were assessed pre‐intervention using self‐ and caregiver‐report. Parents self‐reported their childhood and adulthood trauma exposures, PTSD symptoms, irritability, psychopathology, and IPV.

Results

Across caregiver‐ and child‐reports, 16%–17% of children exhibited irritability. Irritable children experienced greater trauma exposure, interpersonal violence, emotional abuse, and PTSD severity. They had caregivers, particularly mothers, with greater trauma histories, IPV, and psychopathology. Network analysis revealed 10 nodes directly correlated to child's irritability including child's PTSD severity, parental IPV (specifically psychological violence), and parental psychopathology.

Conclusions

Results provide initial empirical evidence that pediatric irritability is linked to trauma exposure, suggesting trauma histories be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of irritability. Interventions addressing caregiver trauma, IPV, and psychopathology may ameliorate pediatric irritability. Future studies could benefit from adopting network approaches with longitudinal or time series data to elucidate causality and points of intervention.
PIONEER REAL Japan: Baseline characteristics of a multicenter, prospective, real‐world study of oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes in clinical practice in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Ryo , Amadid Hanan , Major‐Pedersen Atheline , Yabe Daisuke
Published: May 2024

Aims/Introduction

PIONEER REAL Japan was a non‐interventional, multicenter, prospective study investigating oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes in routine clinical practice. We report baseline characteristics of participants enrolled in this study.

Materials and Methods

Adults aged ≥20 years with type 2 diabetes but no previous treatment with injectable glucose‐lowering medication were enrolled. Participants initiated oral semaglutide at their treating physician's discretion and were followed for 34–44 weeks. Participants were stratified into <75‐year‐old and ≥75‐year‐old subgroups.

Results

A total of 624 participants initiated the study. The mean (standard deviation) age was 64.1 years (14.1), the mean (standard deviation) body weight was 72.4 kg (16.1), and the mean (standard deviation) body mass index was 27.5 kg/m2 (5.0). Participants had a median (interquartile range) type 2 diabetes duration of 9.3 years (4.2, 15.2) and mean (standard deviation) glycated hemoglobin 7.7% (1.1). Most (75.6%) participants were taking glucose‐lowering medications at baseline; the most common was metformin (51.9%). The main reasons for initiating oral semaglutide were glycemic control and weight loss. Most (86.0%) participants had an individualized target for glycemic control of glycated hemoglobin ≤7%. The <75‐year‐old subgroup was heavier (mean [standard deviation] body mass index 28.6 kg/m2 [5.2] vs 25.1 kg/m2 [3.4]) but had comparable glycated hemoglobin levels (mean [standard deviation] 7.7% [1.2] vs 7.8% [1.0]) to the ≥75‐year‐old subgroup.

Conclusions

PIONEER REAL Japan describes the characteristics of individuals with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral semaglutide. The baseline characteristics provide insights into Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral semaglutide in clinical practice.
An integrative approach highlights the discrepancy in the genetic, phenotypic, and presumptive taxonomic structure of Phoxinus (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae, Phoxininae) in Bulgaria
Authors: Palandačić Anja , Diripasko Oleg A. , Kirchner Sandra , Stefanov Tihomir , Bogutskaya Nina G.
Published: May 2024

The present drainage network of Bulgaria is the result of a complex Neogene and Quaternary evolution. Karst, which has developed on 23% of the territory, further complicates the hydrological pattern. Fresh waters of Bulgaria drain into the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea basins and can be roughly divided into the Danube (Middle and Lower Danube), non‐Danube Black Sea, East Aegean, and West Aegean hydrological regions. Phoxinus, a small leuciscid fish, has a mosaic distribution in all four of these regions, inhabiting small mountainous and semi‐mountainous streams. Based on morphology, it was identified as three species, Phoxinus phoxinus in the Danube, Phoxinus strandjae in the non‐Danube, and Phoxinus strymonicus in West Aegean region. Later, molecular data revealed Phoxinus csikii and Phoxinus lumaireul in the Middle Danube and P. csikii in the Lower Danube. Phoxinus has been the focus of many studies, showing a high molecular and morphological diversity, which is not entirely consistent with previous morphology‐only‐based taxonomic concepts. In this study, molecular (a mitochondrial marker and a nuclear marker) and morphological data from both historical and recently sampled collections were analysed to assess the applicability of the integrative approach in Phoxinus. The results showed a significant influence of the complex paleo‐ and recent hydrology on the currently observed genetic structure of the considered populations and species. Furthermore, the study also demonstrated a strong influence of phenotypic plasticity on the morphological analysis of Phoxinus and the lack of a clear differentiation between P. csikii and P. strandjae. A barcoded specimen was designated as neotype to fix the species named P. strandjae in the current taxonomic concept. Finally, a significant discordance between genetically delimited clades and phenotypic groups did not allow a proper delineation of the species distributed in Bulgaria, demonstrating that more molecular markers are needed for further taxonomic study of the Phoxinus complex.