bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colitis and Crohn’s Foundation (India): a first nationwide inflammatory bowel disease registry
Authors: Sood Ajit , Kaur Kirandeep , Mahajan Ramit , Midha Vandana , Singh Arshdeep , Sharma Sarit , Puri Amarender Singh , Goswami Bhabhadev , Desai Devendra , Pai C. Ganesh , Peddi Kiran , Philip Mathew , Kochhar Rakesh , Nijhawan Sandeep , Bhatia Shobna , Rao N. Sridhara
Published: July 2020

Background/Aims: The national registry for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was designed to study epidemiology and prescribing pattern of treatment of IBD in India. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional, prospective registry was established across four geographical zones of India. Adult patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) were enrolled between January 2014 and December 2015. Information related to demographics; disease features; complications; and treatment history were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 3,863 patients (mean age, 36.7 ± 13.6 years; 3,232 UC [83.7%] and 631 CD [16.3%]) were enrolled. The majority of patients with UC (n = 1,870, 57.9%) were from north, CD was more common in south (n = 348, 55.5%). The UC:CD ratio was 5.1:1. There was a male predominance (male:female = 1.6:1). The commonest presentation of UC was moderately severe (n = 1,939, 60%) and E2 disease (n = 1,895, 58.6%). Patients with CD most commonly presented with ileocolonic (n = 229, 36.3%) inflammatory (n = 504, 79.9%) disease. Extraintestinal manifestations were recorded among 13% and 20% of patients in UC and CD respectively. Less than 1% patients from both cohorts developed colon cancer (n = 26, 0.7%). The commonly used drugs were 5-aminosalicylates (99%) in both UC and CD followed by azathioprine (34.4%). Biologics were used in only 1.5% of patients; more commonly for UC in north and CD in south. Conclusions: The national IBD registry brings out diversities in the 4 geographical zones of India. This will help in aiding research on IBD and improving quality of patient care.
Young Black Joes and Old Negroes: Recontaining Black Modernity in The Saturday Evening Post
Authors: McKible Adam
Published: July 2020

Irwin S. Cobb's contributions to The Saturday Evening Post exemplify George Horace Lorimer's efforts to register and recontain black modernity. Cobb created a reputation as Southern humorist who recycled racist caricatures, but in 1918, he established himself as a white authority on African Americans with “Young Black Joe,” which helped launch the reputation of the Harlem Hellfighters. Following on the success of this publication, Cobb published an abridged, serialized version of his first novel, J. Poindexter, Colored. This novel embodies many of the practices constituting Lorimer's efforts to deny black humanity, insist on innate black subservience, and promulgate white supremacy.
La pedagogía crítica de Paulo Freire
Authors: Pontes Rosana Ferreira , Pimenta Selma Garrido
Published: July 2020

Este texto apresenta uma retomada histórica da vida e do trabalho de Paulo Freire, com destaque para aspectos que justificam sua postura crítica no âmbito da Pedagogia. Adentra sua obra central com o objetivo de analisar princípios estruturantes para a formulação de uma proposta no campo da Didática, quais sejam: a perspectiva do sujeito, os modos de construção de conhecimento e a categoria do inédito viável. O artigo conclui refletindo que o ideário freiriano é vital para que possamos avançar, no Brasil hoje, sem nos deixar abater, acreditando que a educação tem o poder de transformar realidades opressoras.
Repercusiones cognitivo-conductuales del vamping en adolescentes del Instituto Reino de Suecia de Estelí
Authors: Pastrana Molina Miledis Guisel , Salgado Quintero1 María Eduarda , González Navarrete1 Erika Suyapa , Solís Zúniga Franklin
Published: July 2020

Este estudio analiza las repercusiones cognitivo-conductuales del vamping en adolescentes de décimo grado del Instituto Reino de Suecia de Estelí. El enfoque del estudio es mixto, metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa. Aplicándose para recolección de datos; la escala Likert, Listado Libre y Entrevista. Además, se encontró que los adolescentes perciben el vamping como positivo y sienten felicidad que en muchos casos depende de la obtención de comentarios positivos en las redes sociales, se identificaron los patrones cognitivos- conductuales que presentan los estudiantes, como insomnio, irritabilidad, bajo rendimiento académico y efecto tolerancia ante el cansancio provocado por el vamping. Se concluyó que existe presencia de una Conducta Adictiva al Internet, también se ha normalizado por parte de los estudiantes y la familia la práctica del vamping, a la vez existen ciertas estrategias que pueden ser aplicadas para prevenir la práctica del vamping a nivel de los estudiantes.
Sistema automatizado para gestión de procesos en la Clínica Psicosocial y Comunitaria, FAREM-Estelí
Authors: Moreno Morán Bonard Yoel , Morán Moreno Osmar Josué , Rizo Rodríguez Marlene
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo consistió en implementar un sistema automatizado para la gestión de procesos en la Clínica Psicosocial y Comunitaria de la FAREM Estelí, segundo semestre 2019. El cual permite realizar gestión de usuarios, registro de terapeutas y pacientes, control de citas, talleres, sesiones y generación de reportes. Para la realización de este sistema se utilizó el framework Laravel 6.0, auxiliado de herramientas como: Bootstrap, Visual Studio Code y composser para la programación; así como XAMMP para el tratamiento de la base de datos bajo la tecnología de MySQL y como metodología ágil se utilizó SCRUM, auxiliándose de modelos, diagramas y de las historias de usuarios, para la obtención y especificación de requerimientos. A partir de esta investigación los procesos de organización, la documentación, la misión, visión y razón de ser de la unidad fueron redactados, ordenados y sujetos a acreditación. Se obtuvo como resultado principal un sistema funcional y completo, para ser utilizado en el área de la clínica psicosocial y comunitaria de la FAREM Estelí. Otro resultado obtenido fue la elaboración de un logotipo, que fortalecerá la identidad de la clínica psicosocial y comunitaria de FAREM Estelí.
Innovation in Orthopaedic Surgery Education: Novel Tools for Modern Times
Authors: Agyeman Kofi Dwirah , Summers Spencer H. , Massel Dustin H. , Mouhanna Joelle , Aiyer Amiethab , Dodds Seth D.
Published: July 2020

Orthopaedic residency training has and will continue to evolve with a wide variety of changes. Hands-on surgical simulation “boot camps,” computerized simulation of surgical process, and even virtual reality simulators, all can help trainees acquire surgical experience without compromising patient care. Low-cost training modules help remedy the rising costs associated with teaching complex orthopaedic surgery skills. Motion tracking and checklists help refine standardization of assessment. As technology and healthcare systems continue to grow, we encourage training programs to keep pace by considering engagement of these tools.
Interposition Graft Repair of Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Review of Biomechanics and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Sunwoo Joo Y. , Murrell George A. C.
Published: July 2020

Managing massive irreparable rotator cuff tears is a challenge. Interposition graft repairs to bridge the torn defect are a promising solution. Many graft materials are available for interposition repairs including the following: allografts, autografts, extracellular matrix, and synthetic grafts. Currently, it is unknown how these materials compare biomechanically or in their clinical outcomes when used for interposition graft repairs of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. Most allografts and autografts are similar, in maximal load and stiffness, to intact rotator cuff tendons. Synthetic grafts have similar maximal load but lower stiffness, whereas extracellular matrix grafts are lower in maximal load and stiffness compared with intact rotator cuff tendons. Overall interposition graft repairs have shown some promising 2-year outcomes in patient and physician-reported functional outcomes, regardless of graft type. Few reported complications or repair failure associated with interposition graft repairs of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears at 2 years postsurgery have been noted.
Complex Monteggia Fractures in the Adult Cohort: Injury and Management
Authors: Kim Jaehon M. , London Daniel A.
Published: July 2020

Monteggia fractures involve proximal ulna fracture associated with a radiocapitellar joint dislocation. The Bado classification is primarily based on the direction of the radial head dislocation. The Jupiter subtype classification of Bado II fractures further characterizes the severity of proximal ulna comminution and the involvement of the coronoid fragment. This latter classification can better prognosticate the challenges of surgical reconstruction and clinical outcomes. Surgery for all adult Monteggia fractures is required to restore the anatomic alignment of the ulna, which indirectly reduces the radiocapitellar joint. The complexity of the injury is considerably increased by comminution of the proximal ulna, the degree of radial head fragmentation, the reduction of the radial head, and ulnohumeral instability. Anatomic reduction is considered critical to achieving a favorable outcome.
Desempleo, ruptura de las parejas y género en España
Authors: González-Val Rafael , Marcén Miriam
Published: July 2020

Este artículo explora la relación entre la pérdida del empleo y la ruptura matrimonial (separación o divorcio) durante la última crisis económica utilizando datos de panel para España. En contraste con otros trabajos que han examinado este tema para otros países, los resultados revelan que la situación laboral de la mujer juega un papel en la decisión de ruptura en España. Los resultados sugieren que la probabilidad de separación o divorcio disminuye cuando las mujeres no trabajan. Lo mismo se observa cuando consideramos un cambio en el estado laboral de las mujeres de empleadas a desempleadas y de empleadas a inactivas. Para los hombres, solo el cambio de empleado a inactivo parece estar relacionado negativamente con la probabilidad de ruptura de la pareja.
Die Befugnisse der Feuerwehr zur Gefahrenabwehr in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Strathoff Justin Frederic
Published: July 2020

Seit Inkrafttreten des BHKG zum 1. Januar 2016 haben die Gefahrenabwehrbefugnisse der Feuerwehr in NRW sowohl in der Praxis als auch im rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskurs kaum Beachtung gefunden. Die Rückgriffsmöglichkeit auf polizeiliche Standardermächtigungen scheint noch weitestgehend unbekannt zu sein.

Mit der Arbeit wird erstmals die Anwendbarkeit und der Umfang der in § 34 Abs. 2 BHKG enthaltenen Generalklausel mit dem dortigen Verweis auf das OBG NRW nähergehend untersucht, insbesondere unter Herausarbeitung der Zuständigkeit der Feuerwehr gegenüber den Polizei- und Ordnungsbehörden. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt bildet die (nicht unproblematische) Vollstreckung feuerwehrlicher Verwaltungsakte.
You Can Bluff but You Should Not Spoof
Authors: Hersch Gil ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2020

Spoofing is the act of placing orders to buy or sell a financial contract without the intention to have those orders fulfilled in order to create the impression that there is a large demand for that contract at that price. In this article, I deny the view that spoofing in financial markets should be viewed as morally permissible analogously to the way bluffing is permissible in poker. I argue for the pro tanto moral impermissibility of spoofing and make the case that spoofing is disanalogous from bluffing in at least one important regard—speculative trading serves an important economic role, whereas poker does not.
Composição corporal de estudantes adultos com deficiência intelectual e síndrome de Down
Authors: Nascimento Lívia Caroline Nunes do , Oliveira Luna Mares Lopes de , Nogueira Danielle Souza , Andrade Elane Regina , Feitoza Layane Ferreira
Published: July 2020

A deficiência intelectual (DI) é caracterizada por limitações significativas em funcionamento intelectual e em habilidades adaptativas. A síndrome de Down (SD) é uma condição humana geneticamente determinada com características próprias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a composição corporal associada ao risco de surgimento de comorbidades cardiovasculares e metabólicas em estudantes adultos com DI leve e moderada e SD, em uma instituição pública do município de Porto Velho-RO. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal, com análise quantitativa dos dados, no qual foram coletados peso e altura dos participantes para posterior cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), bem como a verificação das circunferências do braço, cintura, quadril e dobras cutâneas (subescapular, supra ilíaca, bicipital e tricipital) para a análise do percentual de gordura corporal. Pesquisa realizada com 34 alunos, sendo 21 do gênero masculino e 13 do feminino. Destes, 85% diagnosticados com DI e 15% com SD. Verificou-se que os alunos com DI eram mais altos que os SD, no entanto estes últimos apresentaram IMC mais elevado. Quanto ao risco de doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas, pelas medidas de circunferência da cintura e relação cintura-quadril, os alunos com SD foram classificados com risco muito elevado. A massa muscular avaliada pela circunferência muscular do braço (CMB) apresentou maior prevalência de ausência de risco, embora uma parcela de alunos com DI tenha sido classificada com desnutrição leve por este indicador. Tanto a desnutrição quanto o excesso de peso devem ser levados em consideração nas políticas de saúde para alunos especiais.
O ordenamento discursivo sobre a deficiência no Brasil: algumas considerações
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira , Dametto Jarbas
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo buscou, através da análise de textos que tematizam a deficiência ao longo da primeira metade do século XX, resgatar quatro terminologias utilizadas no discurso para nominar deficiências: idiotas, imbecis, cretinos e retardados. Pautada em uma metodologia analítico-reconstrutiva, a pesquisa que originou o texto utilizou fontes documentais e revisão bibliográfica temática para buscar a origem etimológica dos termos referidos e os motivos de sua aplicação pela Ciência. De outra forma, o texto procura problematizar as implicações de tais terminologias no tratamento e na inserção social dos sujeitos acometidos. Para tal, utilizaram-se as contribuições de Michel Foucault como ponto de partida para uma análise crítica do discurso sobre a deficiência. Considerando que a discussão de nomes e adjetivos assume uma conotação que ultrapassa a mera construção semântica, o texto conclui que retomar as categorias da anormalidade utilizadas pela ciência ao longo do século XX, seja pela sua trajetória de produção discursiva, seja pela sua condição de materialidade, alerta para a necessidade de pensar cuidadosamente as ações e os discursos que emergem no encontro dos sujeitos com deficiência.
Avaliação da linguagem em crianças com deficiência intelectual no contexto de escolarização formal
Authors: Aquino Adelyn Barbosa de , Cavalcante Tícia Cassiany Ferro
Published: July 2020

As crianças com deficiência intelectual, que por muito tempo foram estigmatizadas em relação à aprendizagem, apresentam prejuízo no desenvolvimento da capacidade expressiva, principalmente na expressão oral. Por isso, fazem uso por mais tempo da linguagem gestual. Esta pesquisa buscou analisar as habilidades comunicativas das crianças com deficiência intelectual na etapa da Educação Infantil. Para tanto, tomou-se como base teórica o sociointeracionismo, concebendo a linguagem como um construto social resultado de trocas interativas. Como sujeitos, a pesquisa contou com a participação de duas crianças com deficiência intelectual com impedimentos comunicativos, estudantes de escolas públicas da cidade de Igarassu-PE. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados realizou-se entrevistas com profissionais da escola e pais; também observações da sala de aula; e uma sessão de intervenção com o uso de recursos de Comunicação Alternativa. Foi possível perceber que a comunicação com as crianças muitas vezes é realizada através de gestos, bem como da importância de se conhecer a dinâmica de vida de cada criança, para que se trace um plano de comunicação. Com os resultados do presente estudo pode-se pensar em diretrizes para uma comunicação mais efetiva dos estudantes com deficiência intelectual no contexto da educação infantil.
Contaminação do mundo da vida: que filosofia surge de um espirro?
Authors: Borba Eduardo de
Published: July 2020

Que tipo de reflexão a filosofia pode fazer sobre uma pandemia? Em virtude do caráter singular da COVID-19, proponho uma leitura em termos de uma análise funcionalista das crises. Para chegar nisso, faço primeiro uma avaliação mais ampla do que há de comum ao nosso tempo, apresentando-o nos termos de um processo de consolidação e expansão do neoliberalismo como uma “gramática normativa central” para a organização e reprodução dos sistemas de reprodução social e agindo de forma colonizadora sobre os processos de reprodução simbólica da sociedade.  A apresentação do neoliberalismo pretende enfatizar que, antes da pandemia, já vivíamos em crise e que, por isso, seria preciso uma descrição primeira desse “estado de coisas”. Depois, faço uma análise do caráter funcional das sociedades do capitalismo tardio para concluir apontando as perspectivas de aprendizado que a situação de crise permite e como o neoliberalismo impõe uma gramática que contamina esse potencial.
Diagnóstico de sustentabilidade ambiental de uma unidade produtiva na Vila de São Raimundo no município de Castanhal/PA
Authors: Nascimento Deivid Natan Marciel Gabriel do , Santos Junior José Carlos Virgínio dos , Pinheiro Klewton Adriano Oliveira , Carneiro Francimary da Silva
Published: July 2020

Os problemas ambientais contribuem para o aumento de processos gradativos no solo. O manejo incorreto do solo destrói a sua estrutura e por consequência afeta diretamente a capacidade de produção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi adequar sustentavelmente uma pequena propriedade rural no município de Castanhal em aspectos socioeconômicos de comercialização de produtos agroflorestais para servir de modelo de preservação e conservação do meio ambiente. As pesquisas realizadas durante este trabalho, contribuíram para a tomada de decisão na recuperação das áreas da propriedade, que apresentavam irregularidades auxiliando na elaboração do projeto de recuperação ambiental. Dessa forma, buscando o equilíbrio entre o cumprimento da legislação ambiental brasileira e a obtenção dos resultados positivos para a questão da produção agrícola, associada à conservação do meio ambiente. Com o passar dos anos a recuperação da floresta é considerada satisfatória e as práticas utilizadas pela família fomentam sua qualidade de vida.
Deconstructing Questions: Reanalyzing a heterogenous class of speech acts via commitment and engagement
Authors: Heim Johannes M. , Wiltschko Martina E.
Published: July 2020

Direct and indirect characterizations of the relation between clause type (syntactic form) and speech act (pragmatic function) are problematic because they map oversimplified forms onto decomposable functions. We propose an alternative account of questions by abandoning any (in)direct link to their clause type and by decomposing speech acts into two variables encoding propositional attitudes. One variable captures the speaker’s commitment to an utterance, another their expectation toward the addressee’s engagement. We couch this proposal in a syntactic framework that relies on two projections dedicated to managing common ground (GroundP) and managing turn-taking (ResponseP), respectively. Empirical evidence comes from the conversational properties of sentence-final intonation in English and sentence-peripheral particles that serve to manage the common ground.
Wh-headlines in German. What they communicate and whether they optimize relevance
Authors: Finkbeiner Rita
Published: July 2020

This paper is about a particular wh-clause type in German that is restricted in its usage to headlines. This clause type, exemplified by the newspaper headline Wie Kassen an Kranken verdienen (‘How health insurance companies make money on sick people’), formally looks like an embedded interrogative wh-clause, but is used independently as a headline with a particular, non-questioning illocution. The main question raised in this paper is how the illocution of wh-headlines is to be specified, and how it can be accounted for. The paper suggests an analysis of wh-headlines as both backward- and forward-referring means that are very well-suited to fulfill the two main functions of headlines, namely, to arouse the reader’s interest and to direct the reader’s attention to the subsequent text. The complex illocution of wh-headlines is derived from an interaction between formal properties of the clause type and contextual restrictions. In the final section of the paper, the more general question is raised whether wh-headlines can be regarded as relevance optimizers, as has been suggested for other kinds of newspaper headlines. This question is discussed based on a comparison between wh-headlines, assertive headlines and click baits.
Propuesta metodológica para estimar la vulnerabilidad local por inundación en áreas turísticas costeras de clima árido: aplicación al litoral de Arona y Adeje (SO de Tenerife)
Authors: López Díez Abel , Díaz Pacheco Jaime , Yanes Luque Amalia , Dorta Antequera Pedro , Máyer Suárez Pablo
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo se propone una metodología cualitativa para el cálculo de un índice de vulnerabilidad por inundación. Partiendo de información disponible en muchas administraciones locales, la misma se aplica en el litoral de Arona y Adeje, áreas turísticas en el suroeste de Tenerife que cuentan con una oferta alojativa superior a las 90.000 plazas, como consta en el Instituto de Estadística del Gobierno de Canarias (ISTAC, 2018). De la labor desarrollada a nivel de parcela catastral resulta un índice de vulnerabilidad que oscila entre un valor mínimo de 0,00-0,03 y un máximo >0,30, así como su diferenciación espacial según la antigüedad de las urbanizaciones turísticas. El empleo del índice que se formula permite evaluar a escala local y con gran precisión la vulnerabilidad de espacios turísticos.
Propuesta de recursos didácticos en línea para trabajar patrimonio, despoblación y territorio en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Paisaje, patrimonio cultural y despoblación en territorio mudéjar aragonés
Authors: Guallart Carlos , Velilla Javier , Cuartero Noelia , Ferraz María Felisa , Laguna María , Ollero Alfredo , Rodrigo Beatriz
Published: July 2020

Se presenta el proceso de trabajo para la elaboración de material didáctico a partir de herramientas de análisis geográfico. Estos materiales escolares están diseñados para trabajar en las aulas de Educación Secundaria la despoblación y el patrimonio cultural y natural en el mundo rural, como en este caso, en el “territorio mudéjar”. El objetivo es que el alumnado adquiera competencias que le permitan comprender y valorar este patrimonio, y pueda formular modelos y propuestas de desarrollo rural.  Dichos materiales didácticos recogen contenidos que no están suficientemente incluidos en el currículo de Secundaria Obligatoria -despoblación, mudéjar, patrimonio natural, entorno- y que son importantes para el conocimiento y comprensión del territorio en el que vive el alumnado de esta etapa al que van dirigidos. Se han elaborado en la plataforma de ArcGIS Online y, por lo tanto, están alojados en la nube a la que se puede acceder desde cualquier dispositivo con conexión a internet. Se presentan en un hub agrupados en cuatro apartados: aplicaciones multimedia, mapas interactivos, visores de proyectos y videotutoriales. Son abiertos y adaptables a las necesidades e intereses tanto del alumnado como del profesorado facilitando, por otra parte, metodologías activas y adaptaciones de los materiales a partir de las bases de datos proporcionadas por organismos oficiales. En suma, es una propuesta de renovación metodológica a la vez que una apuesta por involucrar a los alumnos y alumnas de Territorio Mudéjar en la aportación de soluciones a los problemas que sus municipios tienen planteados.
Evolutionarily distant I domains can functionally replace the essential ligand-binding domain of Plasmodium TRAP
Authors: Klug Dennis , Goellner Sarah , Kehrer Jessica , Sattler Julia , Strauss Léanne , Singer Mirko , Lu Chafen , Springer Timothy A , Frischknecht Friedrich
Published: July 2020

Inserted (I) domains function as ligand-binding domains in adhesins that support cell adhesion and migration in many eukaryotic phyla. These adhesins include integrin αβ heterodimers in metazoans and single subunit transmembrane proteins in apicomplexans such as TRAP in Plasmodium and MIC2 in Toxoplasma. Here we show that the I domain of TRAP is essential for sporozoite gliding motility, mosquito salivary gland invasion and mouse infection. Its replacement with the I domain from Toxoplasma MIC2 fully restores tissue invasion and parasite transmission, while replacement with the aX I domain from human integrins still partially restores liver infection. Mutations around the ligand binding site allowed salivary gland invasion but led to inefficient transmission to the rodent host. These results suggest that apicomplexan parasites appropriated polyspecific I domains in part for their ability to engage with multiple ligands and to provide traction for emigration into diverse organs in distant phyla.
Impact of homocysteine levels on clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis therapy
Authors: Li Lei , Ma Xiaoye , Zeng Li , Pandey Sajan , Wan Ronghao , Shen Rui , Zhang Quanbin
Published: July 2020

Background

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess the potential correlation between clinical outcomes and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) treatment.

Methods

AIS patients treated by rtPA were enrolled between September 2018 and March 2019 in the Stroke Center (Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery), Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine. Demographics, baseline and clinical characteristics, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score after three months from the onset were retrospectively analyzed. Then we compared data about demographics, baseline and clinical characteristics between patients with favorable (mRS score 0–2) and unfavorable (mRS score 3–6) outcomes.

Results

Among 141 patients, 36 patients had poor outcome, for an incidence of 25.53%. Univariate analysis showed that higher Hcy levels (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.02–1.12]), older age (OR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.02–1.10]), longer door to needle time (DNT) (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01–1.05]), higher D-Dimer levels (OR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.03–1.71]), and higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score before treatment (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.08–1.35]) were each associated with poor outcome. Also, without internal carotid artery plaque (OR = 0.30, 95% CI [0.10–0.92]) showed a protective effect on patients’ clinical outcome. Patients with higher levels of Hcy decline also showed an increased risk of poor outcome for AIS patients obtaining rtPA treatment (Non-adjusted: OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.02–1.12]; Adjust model I adjusts for demographics (age, male): OR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.02–1.11]; Adjust model II adjusts for hospital care factors (onset to treatment, DNT): OR = 1.08, 95% CI [1.03–1.13]; Adjust model III adjusts for health and stroke factors (INR, D-Dimer, HGB, NIHSS score before treatment, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, coronary disease, hyperlipidemia, previous stroke, atrial fibrillation, hemorrhagic transformation, internal carotid artery plaque): OR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.02–1.11]). The results are very stable in all three models constructed.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that increased Hcy level independently predicts unfavorable outcome in AIS patients accepting thrombolytic therapy. However, the contribution of Hcy to the outcome, although significant, is relatively small and perhaps not clinically significant when all the other confounders are considered.
Cellular heterogeneity map of diverse immune and stromal phenotypes within breast tumor microenvironment
Authors: Li Yuan , Chen Zuhua , Wu Long , Ye Junjie , Tao Weiping
Published: July 2020

Background

Cellular heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment is essential to tumorigenesis and tumor development. A high-resolution global view of the tumor-infiltrating immune and stromal cells in breast tumors is needed.

Methods

xCell was used to create a cellular heterogeneity map of 64 cell types in 1,092 breast tumor and adjacent normal tissues. xCell digitally dissects tissue cellular heterogeneity based on gene expression. Integrated statistical analyses were then performed.

Results

There were noticeable differences between the cell fractions in tumor tissues and normal tissues. Tumors displayed higher proportions of immune cells, including CD4+ Tem, CD8+ naïve T cells, and CD8+ Tcm compared with normal tissues. Immune inhibitory receptors (PD1, CTLA4, LAG3 and TIM3) were co-expressed on certain subtypes of T cells in breast tumors, and PD1 and CTLA4 were both positively correlated with CD8+ Tcm and CD8+ T cells. 28 cell types were significantly associated with overall survival in univariate analysis. CD4+ Tem, CD8+ Tcm, CD8+ T-cells, CD8+ naive T-cells, and B cells were positive prognostic factors but CD4+ naive T-cells were negative prognostic factors for breast cancer patients. TDRD6 and TTK are promising T cell and B cell targets for tumor vaccines. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts were significantly less prevalent in tumor tissues; astrocytes and mesangial cells were negatively correlated with the T stage. Mesangial cells and keratinocytes were found to be favorable prognostic factors and myocytes were negative prognostic factors. Five cell types were found to be independent prognostic factors and we used these to create a reliable prognostic model for breast cancer patients. Cellular heterogeneity was discovered among different breast cancer subtypes by Her2, ER, and PR status. Tri-negative patients had the highest fraction of immune cells while luminal type patients had the lowest. The various cells may have diverse or opposing roles in the prognosis of breast cancer patients.

Conclusions

We created a uniquecellular map for the diverse heterogeneity of immune and stromal phenotypes within the breast tumor microenvironment. This map may lead to potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers with prognostic utility.
Empirical Analysis of Causal Linkage between Agricultural Output and Real GDP: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Kelikume Ikechukwu , Nwani Stanley Emife
Published: July 2020

The agricultural sector is pivotal in poverty alleviation, job creation and food supply. In recent times the performance of the sector leaves more to be desired as its proportion in aggregate output fluctuated as output expands. This study empirically analysed the causal linkage between the agricultural sector output and economic growth in Nigeria using annualized time series data covering 1981 to 2018. Data were analysed using the Granger causality test, vector autoregression, and impulse response and variance decomposition econometric tools. The empirical results indicate that agricultural output did not perfectly interlink with economic growth. The causality test revealed that economic growth precedes agricultural sector output in a uni-directional manner, while the impulse response analysis indicated that economic growth does not respond swiftly to innovations in agriculture. The findings of our study did not corroborate the predictions of agriculture-led growth theorized by Kuznets (1968).
Assessment of Hydraulic Conductivity of Some Nigerian Hardwood Timbers to Four Timber Treatment Chemicals through Quantitative Anatomical Studies
Authors: Ajuziogu G. C. , Njokuocha R. C. , Eze N. M. , Ngele I. E. , Ogbuagu G. N. , Ojua E. O.
Published: July 2020

Aim: Hydraulic conductivity following the Hagen-Poiseuille Law is a quantitative approach to determine the treatability of wood by chemicals. The hydraulic conductivities of the ten selected Nigerian hardwood timber species to four wood treatment chemicals were estimated, using Hagen-Peiseuille equation.

Materials and Methods: Ten timber species of marketable size and age were sourced from the forestry Departments of Enugu, Anambra and Abia States of Nigeria. Maceration were carried out following standard procedures. The viscosities in centipoises (cp) of the four wood treatment chemicals were measured in a viscometer test, while the hydraulic conductivities were calculated using the Hagen-Peiseuille equation.

Results: The results obtained show that the different woods responded differently to the chemicals. Treatment with Folithion 200 showed higher conductivity in Triplochiton scleroxylon (9.01 mm-3S-1× 10-5), followed by Mansonia altissima, Milicia excelsa and Terminalia superb. The order of conductivity to treatment with Actellic 25EO was Terminalia superba > Mansonia altissima > Gmelina arborea, > Khaya ivorensis. Ceiba pentandra gave the highest conductivity of 8.58 mm-3S-1× 10-5, followed by Afzelia africana and Canarium schwenfurthii to the chemical Termitox. While Triplochiton scleroxylon gave the highest conductivity of 6.52 mm-3S-1×10-5, followed by Milicia excels and Terminalia superba to the chemical Solignum.

Conclusion: Folithion 200 would be effective on Milicia excels, Mansonia altissima and Gmelina arborea, Actellic 25 EO would be effective on Khaya ivorensis, Terminalia superb and Antiaris toxicaria while Termitox would be effective on Ceiba pentandra, Afzelia Africana and Canarium schweinfurthii.
Application of the roper, Logan and Tierney model to homeless people
Authors: Gomes Josiane da Silva , Ximenes Maria Aline Moreira , Albuquerque Maria Girlane Sousa , Brito Ódezio Damasceno , Barros Lívia Moreira
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: identificar as atividades de vida diárias com dependência de cuidados de enfermagem. Metodologia: estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa realizado com 52 pessoas em situação de rua na cidade de Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Utilizou-se o modelo de atividade de vida diária proposto por Roper, Logan e Tierney para nortear a coleta e análise de dados. Resultados: Os participantes apresentaram um perfil de homens, católicos, solteiros, com ensino fundamental completo e sem renda fixa. Em relação ao desempenho das suas atividades de vida, foram identificadas as principais alterações e dificuldades enfrentadas. Conclusão: As atividades de vida, com maior dependência de cuidados são: alimentação, trabalho e distração, morte, sexualidade, sono, respiração e eliminação.
After 30 years, SAMHSA walks away from Recovery Month
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2020

“Recovery” is widely considered the main brand of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and every September for 30 years, recovery from addiction has been celebrated, with gradually increasing input from the recovery field. But communication, hasn't been SAMHSA's strong point, at least with the recovery community.
Magnetothermal Multiplexing for Selective Remote Control of Cell Signaling
Authors: Moon Junsang , Christiansen Michael G. , Rao Siyuan , Marcus Colin , Bono David C. , Rosenfeld Dekel , Gregurec Danijela , Varnavides Georgios , Chiang Po‐Han , Park Seongjun , Anikeeva Polina
Published: July 2020

Magnetic nanoparticles have garnered sustained research interest for their promise in biomedical applications including diagnostic imaging, triggered drug release, cancer hyperthermia, and neural stimulation. Many of these applications make use of heat dissipation by ferrite nanoparticles under alternating magnetic fields, with these fields acting as an externally administered stimulus that is either present or absent, toggling heat dissipation on and off. Here, an extension of this concept, magnetothermal multiplexing is demonstrated, in which exposure to alternating magnetic fields of differing amplitude and frequency can result in selective and independent heating of magnetic nanoparticle ensembles. The differing magnetic coercivity of these particles, empirically characterized by a custom high amplitude alternating current magnetometer, informs the systematic selection of a multiplexed material system. This work culminates in a demonstration of magnetothermal multiplexing for selective remote control of cellular signaling in vitro.
Spatiotemporal analyses suggest the role of glacial history and the ice‐free corridor in shaping American badger population genetic variation
Authors: Ford Brett M. , Cornellas Anna , Leonard Jennifer A. , Weir Richard D. , Russello Michael A.
Published: July 2020

Recurring glacial cycles through the Quaternary period drastically altered the size and distribution of natural populations of North American flora and fauna. The “southerly refugia model” has been the longstanding framework for testing the effects of glaciation on contemporary genetic patterns; however, insights from ancient DNA have contributed to the reconstruction of more complex histories for some species. The American badger, Taxidea taxus, provides an interesting species for exploring the genetic legacy of glacial history, having been hypothesized to have postglacially emerged from a single, southerly refugium to recolonize northern latitudes. However, previous studies have lacked genetic sampling from areas where distinct glacial refugia have been hypothesized, including the Pacific Northwest and American Far North (Yukon, Alaska). In order to further investigate the phylogeographic history of American badgers, we collected mitochondrial DNA sequence data from ancient subfossil material collected within the historical range (Alaska, Yukon) and combined them with new and previously published data from across the species' contemporary distribution (n = 1,207). We reconstructed a mostly unresolved phylogenetic tree and star‐like haplotype network indicative of emergence from a largely panmictic glacial refugium and recent population expansion, the latter further punctuated by significantly negative Tajima's D and Fu's Fs values. Although directionality of migration cannot be unequivocally inferred, the moderate to high levels of genetic variation exhibited by American badgers, alongside the low frequency of haplotypes with indels in the Midwest, suggest a potential recolonization into central North America after the hypothesized ice‐free corridor reopened ~13,000 years ago. Overall, the expanded reconstruction of phylogeographic history of American badgers offers a broader understanding of contemporary range‐wide patterns and identifies unique genetic units that can likely be used to inform conservation of at‐risk populations at the northern periphery.
Acetonitrile‐Based Electrolytes for Rechargeable Zinc Batteries
Authors: Etman Ahmed S. , Carboni Marco , Sun Junliang , Younesi Reza
Published: July 2020

Herein, Zn plating–stripping onto metallic Zn using a couple of acetonitrile (AN)‐based electrolytes (0.5 m Zn(TFSI)2/AN and 0.5 m Zn(CF3SO3)2/AN) is studied. Both electrolytes show a reversible Zn plating/stripping over 1000 cycles at different applied current densities varying from 1.25 to 10 mA cm−2. The overpotentials of Zn plating–stripping over 500 cycles at constant current of 1.25 and 10 mA cm−2 are ±0.05 and ±0.2 V, respectively. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that no decomposition product is formed on the Zn surface. The anodic stability of four different current collectors of aluminum foil (Al), carbon‐coated aluminum foil (C/Al), TiN‐coated titanium foil (TiN/Ti), and multiwalled carbon nanotube paper (MWCNT‐paper) is tested in both electrolytes. As a general trend, the current collectors have a higher anodic stability in Zn(TFSI)2/AN compared with Zn(CF3SO3)2/AN. The Al foil displays the highest anodic stability of ≈2.25 V versus Zn2+/Zn in Zn(TFSI)2/AN electrolyte. The TiN/Ti shows a comparable anodic stability with that of Al foil, but its anodic current density is higher than Al. The promising reversibility of the Zn plating/stripping combined with the anodic stability of Al and TiN/Ti current collectors paves the way for establishing highly reversible Zn‐ion batteries.
Interactions of CO2 with cluster models of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Waldrop Jonathan M. , Patkowski Konrad
Published: July 2020

The interactions between carbon dioxide and cluster models of coordinatively unsaturated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were studied using a variety of ab initio methods. Three metal species and three organic linkers in four structures were considered in these models as a representation of the tunable nature of MOFs and the potential multireference character of such systems. Common single‐reference methods, such as MP2 and CCSD(T), were compared with multireference methods based on complete active space self‐consistent field theory, going as far as multireference configuration interaction with single and double excitations (MRCISD). Special consideration is taken to avoid issues of size inconsistency in the CI results, where an alternate reference is used in the interaction energy definition. The benchmark values are used to judge the adequacy of a selection of density functionals for the current systems. Symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) decomposition was performed to elucidate the important effects that comprise the binding interactions. The systems proved to have very limited multireference character, and MP2 values were closer to the CCSD(T) benchmark than the more difficult MRCISD results. Though the SAPT total energies prove to be relatively poor approximations to the benchmark interaction energies, they reveal (in most cases) the correct trends with respect to the choice of the metal. The SAPT energy decompositions indicate that the CO2 binding is primarily driven by electrostatics, but induction and dispersion also provide sizable, and quite similar, attractive contributions. Importantly, the small diformate model provides a faithful representation of complexes with large aromatic linkers, both in terms of the total interaction energy and the SAPT decomposition.
Cinematherapy with African American couples
Authors: Dunham Shea M. , Dermer Shannon B.
Published: July 2020

Cinematherapy is the use of movies as an intervention with clients. When done well, it is used to evoke and process emotion, psychoeducate, increase empathy, and problem‐solve. However, there is no literature on utilizing movies as an intervention with African American couples. Based on literature and research about culture‐informed interventions and media literacy, cinematherapy with African American couples would be more meaningful and effective if clinicians utilize Black‐oriented movies.
Quality of life and socioeconomic indicators associated with survival of myeloid leukemias in Canada
Authors: Cressman Sonya , Hogge Donna E. , Minden Mark D. , Couban Stephen , Karsan Aly , Broady Raewyn , McPherson Emily , Halani Khalif , Weng Jing Yi , Peacock Stuart J.
Published: July 2020

Understanding how patient‐reported quality of life (QoL) and socioeconomic status (SES) relate to survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may improve prognostic information sharing. This study explores associations among QoL, SES, and survival through administration of the Euro‐QoL 5‐Dimension, 3‐level and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Leukemia and financial impact questionnaires to 138 adult participants with newly diagnosed AML or MDS in a longitudinal, pan‐Canadian study. Cox regression and lasso variable selection models were used to explore associations among QoL, SES, and established predictors of survival. Secondary outcomes were changes in QoL, performance of the QoL instruments, and lost income. We found that higher QoL and SES were positively associated with survival. The Lasso model selected the visual analog scale of the EQ‐5D‐3L as the most important predictor among all other variables (P = .03; 92% selection). Patients with AML report improved QoL after treatment, despite higher mean out‐of‐pocket expenditures compared with MDS (up to $599 CDN/month for AML vs $239 for MDS; P = .05), greater loss of productivity‐related income (reaching $1786/month for AML vs $709 for MDS; P < .05), and greater caregiver effects (65% vs 35% caregiver productivity losses for AML vs MDS; P < .05). Our results suggest that including patient‐reported QoL and socioeconomic indicators can improve the accuracy of survival models.
Transient Hypoxia Model Revealed Cerebrovascular Impairment in Anemia Using BOLD MRI and Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Coloigner Julie , Vu Chau , Borzage Matthew , Bush Adam , Choi Soyoung , Miao Xin , Chai Yaqiong , Galarza Cristina , Lepore Natasha , Tamrazi Benita , Coates Thomas D. , Wood John C.
Published: July 2020

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea and nocturnal oxygen desaturations, which are prevalent in sickle cell disease (SCD) and chronic anemia disorders, have been linked to risks of stroke and silent cerebral infarcts (SCI). Cerebrovascular response to intermittent desaturations has not been well studied and may identify patients at greatest risk.

Purpose

To investigate the cerebral dynamic response to induced desaturation in SCD patients with and without SCI, chronic anemia, and healthy subjects.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Twenty‐six SCD patients (age = 21 ± 8.2, female 46.2%), including 15 subjects without SCI and nine subjects with SCI, 15 nonsickle anemic patients (age = 22 ± 5.8, female 66.7%), and 31 controls (age = 28 ± 12.3, female 77.4%).

Field Strength/Sequence

3T, gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging.

Assessment

A transient hypoxia challenge of five breaths of 100% nitrogen gas was performed with blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) MRI and near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) acquisitions. Hypoxia responses were characterized by desaturation depth, time‐to‐peak, return‐to‐baseline half‐life, and posthypoxia recovery in the BOLD and NIRS time courses. SCI were documented by T2fluid‐attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR).

Statistical Tests

Univariate and multivariate regressions were performed between hypoxic parameters and anemia predictors. Voxelwise two‐sample t‐statistic maps were used to assess the regional difference in hypoxic responses between anemic and control groups.

Results

Compared to controls, SCD and chronically anemic patients demonstrated significantly higher desaturation depth (P < 0.01) and shorter return‐to‐baseline timing response (P < 0.01). Patients having SCI had shorter time‐to‐peak (P < 0.01), return‐to‐baseline (P < 0.01), and larger desaturation depth (P < 0.01) in both white matter regions at risk and normal‐appearing white matter than patients without infarcts. On multivariate analysis, desaturation depth and timing varied with age, sex, blood flow, white blood cells, and cell‐free hemoglobin (r2 = 0.25 for desaturation depth; r2 = 0.18 for time‐to‐peak; r2 = 0.37 for return‐to‐baseline).

Data Conclusion

Transient hypoxia revealed global and regional response differences between anemic and healthy subjects. SCI was associated with extensive heterogeneity of desaturation dynamics, consistent with extensive underlying microvascular remodeling.