bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los costos logísticos y su impacto en la cadena de suministros y en la gestión financiera de las empresas del sector ferretero de Lima Metropolitana, año 2018
Authors:   , Díaz Montenegro Maximino , Jesusi Aymara Paul Oscar
Published: April 2022

El Sector ferretero actualmente está siendo financiada por la inversión privada tanto nacional como extranjera, en comparación a los años anteriores, que solo el programa “Mi vivienda” en los 90 empezó a revertir, así como el crecimiento del sector, principalmente en las medianas y pequeñas empresas que se están desarrollando en el boom de las edificaciones y pequeñas construcciones. Este trabajo de investigación tiene como principal objetivo definir los costos logísticos y su impacto en la cadena de suministros y en la gestión financiera de las empresas del sector ferretero de Lima Metropolitana, año 2018. El alcance de la investigación es mixto (cualitativa y cuantitativa), la investigación cualitativa, nos permite recoger información basado en las entrevistas que se realizaran a los contadores y con la investigación cuantitativa, podremos obtener resultados que se puedan medir y analizar; ya que para el presente trabajo utilizaremos como herramienta la encuesta y a través de ella podemos cuantificar los resultados. Para el presente trabajo de investigación se empleó los instrumentos cualitativos y cuantitativos, para la aplicación de los instrumentos cualitativos se entrevistó a dos expertos, con la finalidad de validar el tema de investigación y las cuales se basaron en la dimensiones de las variables y para los instrumentos cuantitativos aplicó vista a las tiendas seleccionadas, la información obtenida fue suministrada por los gerentes y los contadores, los resultados del estudio realizado a la muestra es de 20 tiendas del sector ferretero. Para el análisis de los resultados se utilizó las interpretaciones de las entrevistas en profundidad, así como también, el análisis de los resultados de las encuestas, interpretando las dimensiones con el sistema SPSS dado como resultado el Chi-cuadrado, también se logró interpretar los ratitos financieros como son: el ROA, el ROE, el EVA y el DUPONT, para el caso práctico se pudo ver el estado de resultados mediante el método de costeo tradicional y en el método de costeo basado en actividades (ABC).
Pola Asuh Orang Tua Perspektif Mubadalah (Studi pada Keluarga K.H. Ahmad Siradjuddin)
Authors: Anis Amalia  , Tri Wahyu Faizal Bhismoadi , Hosen  , Maimun
Published: April 2022

This study Discusses the phenomenon of gender equality in the family scope. This is because a person's responsiveness or passiveness to gender issues is often influenced by the parenting style he received from childhood. So the planting of gender equality should be instilled from an early age in every family included in the kiai’s family.
Factors Determining where to Buy Olive Oil on the Tunisian Local Market: The Importance of Quality Attributes Perception
Authors: Emna Ouertani , Zied Dhraief Mohamed
Published: April 2022

The aim of this paper is to investigate the extent to which factors determining the purchase of olive oil within Tunisian consumers also determine their choice of its place of purchase. Based on an exploratory survey carried out with Tunisian household heads, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the principal dimensions of quality attributes and indicators. To evaluate factor determining olive oil purchase decision and its place of purchase choice, a binomial and a multinomial logistic regressions are respectively used. Consumer sensibility to brand and price have a negative impact on buying decision and on the choice of mills, relatives, and store retail, as suppliers of olive oil. Originating from a production area encourage consumers to buy olive oil from friends and relatives. Tunisian olive oil industry is therefore able to adopt product and distribution policies based on consumer expectations, to improve local market consumption.
ASSISTANCE OF CODING EXTRACURRICULAR PROGRAM AT SD ANAK PANAH KENJERAN
Authors: Santoso Rudi , Churniawan Agus Dwi
Published: April 2022

Basic programming training and assistance for Elementary School at SD Kr. Anak Panah are an urgent need. This is caused by the demands of students to develop their potential. Elementary students Kr. Anak Panah requires an increase in skills in terms of making or coding basic games. This training aims to improve the basic abilities of elementary school (SD) in terms of information technology. Training for students to meet the need for basic and high-level coding mastery for elementary school age children. The training was conducted online for 5 (five) months involving 200 Elementary School (SD) students. The final result of the training showed an increase in students' competence in terms of game programming coding. Basic level. Meanwhile, the average ability of the trainees increased from level 4th (four) to level 8th (eight) from a scale of 1 – 10.
BUILDING AWARENESS TO PREVENT DHF THROUGH SOCIALIZATION, JUMANTIC TRAINING, AND ERADICATION OF MOSQUITO NESTS IN CANDIREJO, BLITAR
Authors: Imro'ah Sangidatul , Fitria Dian , Hasanatuludhhiyah Nurina
Published: April 2022

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a dangerous disease that may cause death within a short time and spread quickly. East Java is the province with the second-highest number of dengue cases in Indonesia. Blitar is one of the contributors to the high number of cases in East Java, with a CFR of 1.2% and Ponggok sub-district is one of the dengue-prone areas. Programs that have been promoted by the government are the 3M Plus Movement and the Eradication of Mosquito Nests (PSN). However, dengue disease still occurs every year because the community lacks the awareness to run these programs regularly and continuously. The purpose of community service through the 65th Airlangga University KKN-BBM program in the Health Sector were 1) increasing knowledge and awareness about DHF disease and its prevention, 2) improving skills in monitoring larvae independently, 3) reducing dengue transmission rates and improving the environmental health of the Candirejo Village community.  The method used were the dissemination of knowledge about DHF and its prevention along with jumantik and PSN 3M Plus training. The target of this activity was elementary school students and the surrounding community. The results of the evaluation showed that there were differences in the level of knowledge before and after the socialization of DHF. In addition, the jumantik training was able to encourage students to independently carry out larvae monitoring. The community actively participated and was very enthusiastic in the implementation of PSN. Overall, all the programs carried out are appropriate, easy, and effective ways to prevent DHF.
LITERACY CHARACTERISTICS OF CALCULUS AND ITS ROBLEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF COMMUNITY SERVICE
Authors: Diyatri Indeswati , Olivia Keyona Laila , Luthfimaidah Mahela Sefrian , Fardha Dimas Rudianto
Published: April 2022

The prevalence of dental and oral diseases in Indonesia tends to increase. The problem of high rate in dental and oral disease are currently influenced by community behavioural factors. High rate of dental and oral disease was also because of the Indonesian population who realized that they has dental and oral problem is only 23% of population. Community behaviour is closely related to the level of public knowledge about gum health and tartar. Lack of knowledge about gum health and ignorance of the dangers of tartar that caused by dental plaque causing people not to take advantage of dental health services when they have dental plaque and even become inflammation of the gums. That condition, will contribute to poor dental health status of the community. Therefore, this community service is carried out for educate the characteristics of calculus, gum inflammation and the treatment of tartar.
LITERACY ASSUMPTION OF BLINDNESS AFTER TOOTH EXTRACTION IN THE CONTEXT OF COMMUNITY SERVICE
Authors: Ridwan Rini Devijanti , Rianti Devi , Luthfimaidah Mahela Sefrian , Fardha Dimas Rudianto
Published: April 2022

Anxiety is a normal response that often occurs and is experienced by everyone when faced with something that is considered threatening, anxiety can affect a person's behavior. One form of anxiety that is often found in society is dental anxiety. Dental anxiety is a tendency to feel afraid and anxious about dental and oral care. This anxiety does not only occur in pediatric patients, even adult patients also experience dental anxiety. One form of anxiety in dental and oral health care and the most common anxiety is tooth extraction, a growing belief in society that pulling teeth, especially in the maxillary teeth, can affect eye health and can even cause blindness. The myth that developed regarding blindness can occur as a result of the disconnection of the eye nerve when the tooth is being extracted, it could also be due to anesthetic fluid entering through the eye nerve. In fact, if we look at the facts and research, the optic nerve is not related to the dental nerve because there is no direct relationship between the eye nerve and the dental nerve, so it is necessary to educate the public that extraction cannot cause blindness after extraction. The solutions offered in this community service activity include education and the provision of digital literature on retraction, anesthetic procedures, and the connection with the innervation of the eye.
OPTIMIZATION OF QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF DAILY GOAT BUSINESS GROUP IN BLIMBING VILLAGE, REJOTANGAN DISTRICT, TULUNGAGUNG REGENCY THROUGH TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
Authors: Hidajati Nove , Yuliani M. Gandul Atik , Damayanti Ratna
Published: April 2022

"Karya Putra Mandiri" Livestock Farmer Group and "Makmur Sentosa" Livestock Group, Kec. Rejotangan Kab. Tulungagung is a foster partner of the Unair FKH Community Service Team. A common problem for breeders and administrators of the "Karya Putra Mandiri" Livestock Farmer Group and "Makmur Sentosa" Livestock Group, Kec. Rejotangan Kab. Tulungagung is a problem in production, among others are reproductive disorders, low pregnancy rates, low productivity in their dairy goats. The solution offered is to increase the skills and knowledge of dairy goat farmers in the "Karya Putra Mandiri" and "Makmur Sentosa" livestock groups on how to handle reproductive cases through synchronization of lust. Another problem is the "Karya Putra Mandiri" Livestock Farmer Group and the "Makmur Sentosa" Livestock Group, Kec. Rejotangan Kab. Tulungagung is a management problem. The solution offered is to increase the knowledge and assistance of dairy goat farmers in the “Karya Putra Mandiri” and “Makmur Sentosa” livestock groups in dairy goat milk processing, packaging and product licensing. The method used in the implementation of this community service activity is by; (1) Development and training stage; (2) Monitoring and evaluation stage. To evaluate the level of knowledge and understanding of the material given, pretest and posttest are given. This Community Service program activity was carried out from March to October 2018. Extension activities and training on Laserpuncture and Sexual Synchronization Technology were carried out using the tutorial method, then continued with discussions. The implementation of this Community Service Activity requires a budget of 30 million rupiah which is planned to be used in several posts including for equipment, consumables, travel, accommodation, and others.
Perspectives on carbon footprint of agricultural land-use in Brazil
Authors: Gama-Rodrigues Emanuela F. , Gama-Rodrigues Antonio C. , Vicente Laís C. , Alvarenga Laís C. B. R. , Müller Manfred Willy , Partelli Fábio L. , Gonçalves José L. M. , Freitas Lailson S. , Alvaristo Danielle M. , Cruz Igor B. , Souza Isis N. G. , Faitanin Mariana A.
Published: April 2022

Brazil is one of the main producers in the agricultural and forestry sector worldwide, with production systems based on high consumption of inputs that contribute to high levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This paper presents an analysis of the scenario of national GHG emissions and carbon footprints in the major production systems of agriculture, including livestock production and forestry, and the potential for soil carbon storage as a mitigation strategy under these systems. The main sources of national GHG emissions are beef cattle due to enteric fermentation and the management of agricultural soils through the use of nitrogen fertilizers. The increasing adoption of low-carbon agriculture has led to a reduction in the carbon footprint through no-till technologies, agrosilvopastoral systems, N2 fixation, and tree plantations. These technologies deserve to be increasingly disseminated to generate economic opportunities leading to financial gains from the commercialization of carbon credits and payment for environmental services.
Artificial intelligence and soil carbon modeling demystified: power, potentials, and perils
Authors: Grunwald Sabine
Published: April 2022

The global soil carbon pool has been estimated to exceed the amount of carbon stored in the atmosphere and vegetation, though uncertainties to quantify below-ground carbon and soil carbon fluxes accurately still exist. Modeling soil carbon using artificial intelligence (AI) - machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms - has emerged as a powerful force in the carbon science community. These AI soil carbon models have shown improved performance to predict soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, soil respiration (Rs), and other properties of the global carbon cycle when compared to other modeling approaches. AI systems have advanced abilities to optimize fits between inputs (geospatial environmental covariates) and outputs (e.g., SOC or Rs) through advanced pattern recognition, learning algorithms, latent variables, hyperparameters, hyperplanes, weighting factors, or multiple stacked processing (e.g., convolution and pooling). These machine-oriented applications have shifted focus from knowledge discovery and understanding of ecosystem processes, carbon pools and cycling toward data-driven applications that compute digital soil carbon outputs. The purpose of this review paper is to explore the emergence, applications, and progress of AI-ML and AI-DL algorithms to model soil carbon storage and Rs at regional and global scales. A critical discussion of the power, potentials, and perils of AI soil carbon modeling is provided. The paradigm shift toward AI modeling raises questions how we study soil carbon dynamics and what conclusions we draw which impacts carbon science research and education, carbon management, carbon policies, carbon markets and economies, and soil health.
Flavonoids as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection: in silico study
Authors: Taldaev A. Kh. , Terekhov R. P. , Selivanova I. A.
Published: April 2022

Background. SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has one of the largest genomes. It encodes 16 non-structural proteins that are necessary for replicating and overcoming host defense mechanisms. Flavonoids are of interest as research objects in developing drugs for comprehensive COVID-19 therapy. This group of compounds is characterized by a wide range of biological activity and a high safety profile.

Aim. To perform virtual screening of flavonoids for possible inhibition of proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Materials and methods. Structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as ADP-binding domain NSP3, main protease NSP5, RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase NSP12, and endoribonuclease NSP15, were obtained from Protein Data Bank (PDB). Flavonoid structures were obtained from the ZINC database. Protein models were processed using AutoDockTools software, and ligands were processed in Raccoon | AutoDock VS. Virtual screening and re-docking were performed in AutoDock Vina.

Results. Validation showed agreement between native and re-docked conformations, indicating the applicability of the virtual screening method. Flavonoids interacted with the key amino acid residues in all the studied proteins. The highest binding energy was demonstrated by 3,7-dihydroxyflavone and 6S-coccineone B, the latter having a multimodal effect.

Conclusion. The results of the study may be used for the development of phytomedicines for comprehensive therapy for COVID-19.
Ulcerative colitis: focus on colonic mucosal resistance
Authors: Livzan M. A. , Bicbavova G. R. , Romanyuk A. E.
Published: April 2022

In recent decades, following cooperation between scientists in various specialties, new unique data on the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis have been obtained. The role of an impaired immune response to antigens of gut microbiota in genetically predisposed individuals under the effect of certain environmental factors was proven. 

Assessing the interaction between the colonic mucosa and gut microbiota will help to understand the mechanisms of ulcerative colitis and develop new treatment strategies for the disease.

This review presents modern views on the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis with a focus on the imbalance between local protective and aggressive factors of the gastric and intestinal mucosa. The structure and role of the epithelial barrier both under normal conditions and in ulcerative colitis are considered in detail.

The aim of this review was to summarize the data on resistance of the colonic mucosa and its damage in ulcerative colitis.
Study of the effectiveness of ventriculosubarachnoid drainage in neonatal hydrocephalus according to the data of the Republic of Crimea for the period 2000–2018
Authors: Volkodav O. V. , Zinchenko S. A. , Khachatryan V. A.
Published: April 2022

Despite the achieved success in the treatment of neonatal hydrocephalus, the task of restoring circulation, outflow, and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains urgent.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of ventriculosubarachnoid drainage in compensating hydrocephalus without shunt implantation.

Materials and methods. We collected and studied clinical material for the period from 2000 to 2018 according to the data of the Republic of Crimea. We identified groups of premature (n = 184) and full-term (n = 107) infants who underwent standard treatment with lumbar puncture, subgaleal drainage, and ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS). In case of ventricular occlusion in 143 premature and 46 full-term infants, at the initial stage of treatment, the option of coronary – lambdoid subarachnoid ventriculostomy (RF Patent No. 2715535) in combination with lumbar punctures was included. With progression of hydrocephalus, ventriculosubarachnoid stenting (RF Patent No. 2721455) with subgaleal drainage was considered as an option.

Results. The inclusion of the proposed options made it possible to increase the rate of hydrocephalus compensation without VPS to 75.5% in premature infants and to 80.4% in full-term infants versus 28.3% and 20.6%, respectively, according to the standard protocol (p < 0.001). In other cases, the imbalance between CSF production and absorption persisted, which required integration of a stent with a peritoneal part of the shunt, without replacing the system.

Conclusion. The obtained result allows to consider the inclusion of the proposed options in the modern treatment algorithm for neonatal hydrocephalus.
The problem of multimorbidity in a modern therapeutic clinic
Authors: Sevostyanova E. V. , Nikolaev Yu. A. , Polyakov V. Ya.
Published: April 2022

A review of modern studies on the problem of multimorbidity, its definition, frequency of occurrence, prevalence, medical and social consequences, factors predisposing to its formation, and approaches to diagnosis, therapy, and rehabilitation is presented. According to modern understanding, multimorbidity is the presence of two and / or more chronic diseases that are pathogenetically interconnected and / or coincide in time in one patient.

Currently, multimorbidity is becoming an epidemic, affecting people of different ages and gender and with various diseases. The literature describes multiple adverse medical and social consequences of multimorbidity, such as increased rates of hospitalization, disability, and mortality, decreased functional capabilities and quality of life in patients, as well as increased volume, timing, and cost of medical care. Today, issues of the unified terminology, identification of multimorbidity, and the structure and clinical manifestations of associated pathology are being studied. There are single works on the study of possible factors contributing to the formation of multimorbidity. Approaches to management of patients in conditions of multimorbidity are being developed. A more detailed study of the mechanisms of multimorbidity formation and common pathogenetic links of associated diseases will make it possible to develop more effective strategies for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of multimorbid patients.
Dynamic changes in the tumor microenvironment under the effect of estradiol as a diagnostic tool and target for targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Stukan A. I. , Goryainova A. Yu. , Meshcheryakov A. A. , Porkhanov V. A. , Murashko R. A. , Sharov S. V. , Bodnya V. N.
Published: April 2022

Activation of the estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) signaling pathway is a significant factor in the initiation of carcinogenesis in various types of tumors due to the genomic and non-genomic effects of estradiol in cancer cells. However, data on the expression of ER-α and aromatase on stromal and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) point to an additional mechanism by which estrogens increase tumor malignancy. There is growing evidence that TME can affect tumor immunity by increasing the immune response or reducing immunoreactivity.

The important role of estrogen and the estrogen receptor signaling pathway in the response of the tumor microenvironment in cancer of various localizations, not only classical hormone-dependent cancers, has been proven. However, the clinical effectiveness of blocking the effect of estrogen on tumor growth has been primarily shown in cancer of the female reproductive system. At the same time, data on the significant role of TME in the development of endocrinotherapy resistance in breast cancer treatment are of great interest.

Despite the possibilities of standard therapy, a more in-depth study on the role of various TME components in cancer evolution, creation of a micrometastatic niche, as well as in the response to therapy may result in development of new strategies for cancer treatment. It is also necessary to study the possibilities of overcoming the immunosuppressive effect of the estrogen receptor signaling pathway on TME in order to increase the survival rates in patients with hormone-dependent cancers, particularly, breast cancer.
A clinical case of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in a 9-year-old boy
Authors: Girsh Ya. V. , Yakimova K. A.
Published: April 2022

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy belongs to peroxisomal disorders characterized by combined damage to the nervous system and adrenal glands and often leading to death. This hereditary disease results in mutations in the ABCD1 gene, leading to ineffective β-oxidation of fatty acids following a decrease in the activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase of their long chains. Accumulation of acyl-CoA derivatives of fatty acids takes place, which affect the physicochemical properties of cell membranes.

We have described a clinical case of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in a 9-year-old boy with the primary manifestation of the disease at the age of 7 years and 10 months in form of enterovirus encephalitis.

Early diagnosis, prenatal screening of adrenoleukodystrophy for performing gene-specific therapy, slowing the progression of the disease, and prolonging the life of the patient with the diagnosis of a rare hereditary disease are required.
The impact of affective disorders on self-assessment of the quality of life in patients with chronic coronary artery disease
Authors: Lebedeva E. V. , Schastnyу E. D. , Nonka T. G. , Nalesnik E. O. , Surovtseva A. K. , Vasilieva S. N. , Repin A. N.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To determine the differences in self-assessment of social functioning by patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD), depending on the presence of comorbid affective disorders (ADs).

Materials and methods. Using the Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale (SASS), which makes it possible to assess the degree of social functioning and satisfaction with various aspects of social life, we studied the features of the social functioning of heart hospital patients with chronic CAD with (n = 248) and without AD (n = 291). In 290 patients (average age 56.6 ± 6.7 years) with chronic CAD, chronic ADs (45%) were revealed; depressive episodes (DEs) were diagnosed for the first time in 24% of patients, and 24.5% of patients had recurrent DEs. Bipolar disorder was found in 6.5% of cases. Qualitative and quantitative parameters were investigated using the Mann – Whitney U test and Student’s t-test. To assess the frequencies, the Pearson’s chi-squared test was used.

Results. The mean total SASS score in the patients with chronic CAD with AD corresponded to difficult social adaptation (33.7 [29.5; 39]), while the patients without AD had good social adaptation score of 40.8 ± 6.3 (p < 0.05). In the group without AD, patients with normal social adaptation prevailed (n = 215; 73.8%), while patients with AD more often had difficulties with social adaptation (n = 148; 59.7%). In the CAD patients, depending on the presence of AD, the frequency of disturbances in various spheres of social adaptation differed: employment, interest in and pleasure from activities, disposition of income, pleasure from and interest in seeking information, social support (p = 0.001).

Conclusion. Higher frequency of pronounced impairment in social functioning in patients with chronic CAD with AD determines the need for taking this fact into consideration when planning rehabilitation measures in this group of patients.
Impact of immunotherapy with autologous activated T-lymphocytes on clinical parameters and quality of life in patients with allergic bronchial asthma
Authors: Makarova A. E. , Blinova E. A. , Pashkina E. A. , Nepomnyashchikh V. M. , Leonova M. I. , Demina D. V. , Kozlov V. A.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To assess the impact of autologous activated T-lymphocyte immunotherapy on clinical parameters and quality of life in patients with allergic bronchial asthma (BA) in comparison with patients with allergic BA who received standard therapy.

Materials and methods. A non-randomized, pilot study included 19 patients with allergic BA of moderate severity (7 men and 12 women aged 23–61 years, average age – 38.5 ± 4.3 years) who received the T-cell vaccine (n = 12) and standard therapy with inhaled glucocorticoids, short- and long-acting β2-adrenergic agonists (n = 7). After signing an informed consent, the patients were subcutaneously injected with autologous activated T-lymphocytes with a frequency of 4 injections 1 time / week, and then 6 injections 1 time / month. The research methods included asthma control measurement according to the ACQ-5 questionnaire and quality of life assessment according to the AQLQ(S) questionnaire. Clinical data were collected during lung function tests and by measuring the total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level.

Results. In the course of the study, the immunotherapy was well tolerated, no systemic adverse reactions were noted. The treatment approach in the patients who received the T-cell vaccine resulted in significant improvement of asthma control parameters (according to the ACQ-5 questionnaire) and parameters of the patients’ quality of life (according to the AQLQ(S) questionnaire) within all 4 categories. Besides, their lung function improved by the end of treatment, and the total IgE level decreased. No significant changes in these parameters were observed during the follow-up in patients who received standard therapy. The study was conducted before immunotherapy, after 2 months (after 5 injections), and after 7 months (after 10 injections).

Conclusion. Evaluation of the impact of immunotherapy with autologous activated T-lymphocytes on the clinical parameters and quality of life in patients with BA indicates effectiveness of treatment in patients with allergic BA.
The effect of an aminoguanidine derivative on adjuvant arthritis in rats
Authors: Motov V. S. , Bykov V. V. , Bykova A. V. , Vengerovskii A. I.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To study anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and possible ulcerogenic effects of a novel aminoguanidine derivative in adjuvant arthritis (a model of rheumatoid arthritis) in rats.

Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on 42 outbred male Sprague Dawley rats. After modeling arthritis (starting from day 7 after the administration of complete Freund’s adjuvant), intramuscular injections of the aminoguanidine derivative (code LIS-M) at a dose of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg / kg or the reference drug diclofenac at a dose of 4 mg / kg were performed once a day for 22 days. The volume of the inflamed limb was measured twice a week, pain threshold was measured every week. After finishing the administration of the compounds, the levels of interleukin (IL) 1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) were measured in rat plasma, the ankle joint was histologically studied, and the gastric mucosa was studied to detect damage, ulcers, and scarring.

Results. The aminoguanidine derivative, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, was more effective at the dose of 10 mg / kg than diclofenac at the dose of 4 mg / kg. It had anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in the joint affected by complete Freund’s adjuvant, promoted restoration of the histologic structure in the synovial membrane and articular cartilage, and reduced the plasma concentration of IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα by 1.4–1.5 times. The LIS-M compound did not damage the gastric mucosa in rats with adjuvant arthritis.

Conclusion. The aminoguanidine derivative LIS-M exerts potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in adjuvant arthritis in rats (a model of rheumatoid arthritis). LIS-M has no ulcerogenic effect on the gastric mucosa in rats.
Affordability of Essential Medicines: The Case of Fluoride Toothpaste in 78 Countries
Authors: Gkekas Athanasios , Varenne Benoit , Benzian Habib , Stauf Nicole , Listl Stefan
Published: April 2022

Background: Fluoride toothpaste (FT) has recently been included in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines. Whereas it is essential for preventing dental caries, its current affordability around the globe remains unclear. This study aimed to analyse the affordability of FT in as many as possible countries worldwide. Methods: A standardized protocol was developed to collect country-specific information about the characteristics of the cheapest FT at a common point of purchase. 82 members of the WHO Global Oral Health Network of Chief Dental Officers (CDOs), directors of WHO Collaborative Centres and other oral health experts collected data using mobile phone technology. The Fluoride Toothpaste Affordability Ratio (FTAR) was calculated as the price associated with the recommended annual consumption of FT, relative to the daily wage of the lowest-paid unskilled government worker (FTAR >1 = unaffordable spending on fluoride toothpaste). The daily expenditure per capita of the poorest 15% of the income distrubition was used as the main proxy of the daily wage, using World Bank data. Alternatively, we used the daily minimum wage as a proxy of the daily wage. Stratified descriptive statistics were undertaken with respect to different World Bank Income Groups and WHO Regions. Results: There are significant discrepancies in the affordability of FT across 78 countries. FT was strongly affordable in high-income countries, relatively affordable in upper middle-income countries, and strongly unaffordable in lower middle-income and low-income countries. The affordability of FT across WHO Regions was dependent upon the economic mix of WHO Regions’ member states. Conclusion: FT is still unaffordable for many people, particularly in low-resource settings. Health policy members should develop better strategies to address and improve the universal affordability of FTs, for the incidence of dental caries to be reduced at a global level.
Visiting Sweet Potato from a Breeding Perspective: An Update
Authors: AB Shankar , Kaushik Prashant
Published: April 2022

Sweet potatoes are a crucial crop for Asian and African countries. Its nutritional content and capacity to keep you healthy have increased in recent years. Moreover, sweet potatoes' fibre also keeps your gut happy. Most sweet potato varieties don't bloom. Due to pollination issues, sweet potatoes are also incompatible with each other. Sweet potato blooms are self-sterile, so they don't mix well in breeding programmes. Traditional and modern breeding procedures didn't always work with sweet potatoes, but some did. Using molecular biology methods, some individuals become more resistant to illnesses by eliminating particular genes. The crop's nature and growth should be improved. All of this should be done to acquire new characteristics in sweet potatoes by crossing them. Sweet potatoes are a superb tuberous crop, but they have issues with pollination and adjusting to new breeding procedures. Modern breeding and biotechnology methods can be used to get the most out of this crop. These are "chronological" ways to get the most out of farming.
Application of Financial Statement Analysis of PT. Astra International, Tbk Towards Novice Investor Decision Making in the Indonesian Capital Market
Authors: Ervan Septian Michael Revelin , R. Pandin Maria Yovita
Published: April 2022

Financial statement analysis is an analysis that uses analytical procedures to evaluate a company's financial health, risks, performance, and future growth potential. This article aims to find out the application of analysis of financial statements of PT. Astra Internasional, Tbk towards the decision-making of novice investors in the Indonesian capital market. This article is qualitative descriptive with literature studies. The results of this article can be concluded that the analysis of the financial statements of PT. Astra Internasional, Tbk can help novice investors in the Indonesian capital market in making investment decisions.
Longitudinal Randomized Cohort Study of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in the St. Petersburg Population
Authors: Smirnov Viacheslav S. , Lyalina Liudmila V. , Milichkina Andzhelica M. , Khamitova Irina V. , Zueva Elena V. , Ivanov Valery A. , Zaguzov Vitaly S. , Totolian Areg Artemovich
Published: April 2022

Since the detection of the first COVID-19 patient, 2 years have passed, during which more than 287,862,000 people fell ill globally, of which about 1.9% died. Implementation of SARS-CoV-2 control programs required efforts from almost all countries. An important direction in the fight against COVID-19 was the formation of herd immunity, the main tool for managing the pandemic. Study goal: to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies (Abs) to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Nc) and receptor binding domain (RBD) in the St. Petersburg population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. A longitudinal cohort randomized monitoring study of Ab seroprevalence (SARS-CoV-2 Nc, RBD) was organized and conducted according to a unified methodology developed by Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute. For this purpose, a cohort of 1000 volunteers was formed who participated in all five stages of seromonitoring. The cohort was divided into 7 age groups: 1-17; 18-29; 30-39; 40-49; 50-59; 60-69; 70; and older (70+) years. Seropositivity levels (Nc, RBD) were assessed by quantitative and qualitative enzyme immunoassays. During the 2nd year of monitoring, some volunteers were vaccinated with the GamCOVIDVac (84%) or EpiVacCorona (11.6%) vaccines approved in Russia. Statistical processing was carried out using the Excel 2010 software package. Confidence intervals for shares and percentages (95% CI) were calculated using the method of A. Wald and J. Wolfowitz with adjustment (A. Agresti, B.A. Coull). The statistical significance of differences was calculated by z-test, using the appropriate online calculator (p<0.05), unless indicated. Results. There was a trend towards: an increase in Nc seropositivity in stages 1-3 of seromonitoring, with a decrease in stages 4-5 among children and adults. The share of RBD seropositive steadily increased during all 5 stages of seromonitoring. The most frequently found were low anti-RBD Abs levels (22.6-220 BAU/ml). High Ab levels were recorded statistically significantly less frequently. Asymptomatic forms were observed in 84-88% of SARS-CoV-2 seropositive volunteers. By the 5th stage of monitoring, this indicator significantly decreased to 69.8% (95% CI: 66.1-73.4). The monitoring revealed a statistically significant increase in anti-RBD Abs, alongside a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of Nc seropositive. This dynamic was especially characteristic of persons vaccinated with GamCOVIDVac. Conclusion. Prior to the use of specific vaccines, a seroprevalence of anti-Nc Abs was noted. After the introduction of the GamCOVIDVac vaccine in adults, a decrease in the level of anti-Nc Abs was noted due to an increase in the proportion of RBD seropositive persons.
Understanding the Deformation Structures and Tectonics of the Active Orogenic Fold-Thrust Belt: Insights from the Outer Indo-Burman Ranges
Authors: Hossain Md. Sakawat , Ao Songjian , Mondal Tridib Kumar , Sain Arnab , Khan Md. Sharif Hossain , Xiao Wenjiao , Zhang Pengpeng
Published: April 2022

The tectonic deformation of the outer Indo-Burman Ranges (i.e., Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt, CTFB) is associated with the oblique convergence of Indo-Burmese plates since the latest Miocene. This article presents detailed field evidence of deformation structures and their kinematics in the exposed Tertiary successions in the CTFB. We combine observations made in this study with the published structural, geodetic, and seismic data sets to present an overview of the active tectonic framework of the region and its strain partitioning. To determine the kinematic evolution, décollement depth, and amount of strain, we combined geologic field mapping, structural analysis of fifteen anticlines, fracture/lineament analysis, and paleostress analysis of faults that define the ∼100 km wide CTFB. Structural data and kinematic analyses suggest subhorizontal plane strain with approximately 10% east-west shortening (oriented ~65°) that is perpendicular to the axial plane (oriented ~155°) of the CTFB anticlines. No evidence of significant transpression or strike-slip faulting has been observed in the CTFB and, therefore, suggests that full slip-partitioning is normal to the outer belt and parallel to the inner belt of the IBR. Paleostress analysis results are in good agreement with the present-day stress regime, and this implies that past and present deformation is dynamically related with the normal component of India-Burma oblique vector velocity motion.
Models of sustainable socio-economic development of the mountain regions of Southern Siberia
Authors:   Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, KRASNOYAROVA Bella , BICHE-OOL Tatyana ,   Tuvan State University, SURAZAKOVA Svetlana ,   Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to analyze the models of sustainable development mountain regions of Southern Siberia by the example of Altai and Tyva Republics. Materials and research methods. The study was based on the methodology of system analysis and strategic planning. Strategic documents of socio-economic development of Altai and Tyva Republics were used. Discussion. Peculiar features of the Altai Republic development are characterized by a weak diversified economy, a low living standard of the population, a poorly developed social and engineering infrastructure, bad transport development and connection with other territories, including unstable energy supply. The analysis of its Development Strategy suggests that the ecological tourism development may be take a leading position here in the near future. The Republic of Tuva is distinguished by other strategic development guidelines. Since post-reform years, the development of the republic is associated with the construction of the Kyzyl-Kuragino railway and industrialization, i.e. the development of rich mineral deposits. Currently, the transport system of Tyva is represented by automobile, air and domestic seasonal water traffic, which needs development and reconstruction, there are also problems with the energy supply of the region. Conclusion. Mountainous relief, unique natural conditions of the Altai and Tyva republics are key conditions in the development of these regions. The Altai Republic has chosen an environmentally oriented model with the preservation of nature and the development of ecological tourism. The Republic of Tuva continues the traditional industrial path - the development of mineral deposits. From the point of view of the authors, the traditional industrial path of development is unacceptable for mountainous areas and may lead to the depletion of natural resources, environmental degradation and the loss of national and ethnic identity of the population.
Residents’ perception of pilgrimage tourism sustainability In mountain regions: The St. James Primitive Way Case in Asturias
Authors:   International University of  La Rioja, MAGADÁN-DÍAZ Marta , Rivas-García JESÚS ,   International University of  La Rioja
Published: April 2022

The main objective of this research is to evaluate the changes in local conditions in the economic, sociocultural, and environmental perspectives in association with the development of the pilgrimage tourism sector from the perspective of the residents of mountain areas through which the St. James Primitive Way passes in Asturias. The specific objective is to evaluate the sociodemographic factors of such perceived changes using Logit regression analysis and seemingly unrelated regression analysis. The results obtained indicate the following: firstly, that, although the residents positively value the non-overcrowding of pilgrims on this primitive jacobean route, their perceptions detect some negative changes in the surroundings of Pola de Allande and Grandas de Salime related to noise pollution, the management, and treatment of waste and the state of the Jacobean route; secondly, residents perceive the conservation and condition of the St. Jacques’ route as poor and that there are no improvements in infrastructure and public transport services; Finally, thirdly, the impacts of the Primitive Way, today, although positive, are very modest and are mainly limited to two sectors: hospitality and accommodation, which are the activities where employment is being generated. Residents surveyed perceive positive changes in employment and income distribution and negative changes in the evolution of the prices of goods and services and the cost of living.
New Mechanistic Approach to Trapped Foam in Population-Balance Model Enabling Improved Prediction of N2 and CO2 Foams Rheology in Porous Media
Authors: Ma Kun , Mateen Khalid
Published: April 2022

As reported in the literature, CO2 foam/emulsion flow in porous media is generally weaker than N2 foam under the same experimental conditions. Additionally, the steady-state CO2-foam quality scan has relatively a more flattened shape in the low-quality foam regime, besides the foam apparent viscosity showing a more gradual transition from the high-quality to low-quality foam regime. These characteristics are not fully captured by the existing foam models and could be indicative of different underlying physics in CO2 foam.

Our new model is based on the trapped bubble concept at the pore level. On trapping, the trapped foam lamellae undergo a series of movement and merging events driven by gas diffusion, and they end up at a stationary position near the pore throat. In our approach, the yield stress of trapped foam, which is the total pressure gradient resulting from the effective number of lamellae in the direction of flow, is taken equal to the flowing foam pressure gradient estimated through the bubble population-balance approach. In this new model, the maximum flowing foam texture is updated based on the trapped foam texture established. There is, therefore, a consequential dependance of the flowing foam pressure gradient on the trapped foam texture.

Automatic parameter regressions and sensitivity studies have been conducted with both an existing population-balance model and our new model. The results show that both models can fit the N2-foam data, but our new model fits the CO2-foam steady-state data significantly better than the existing population-balance model in both high-and low-quality flow regimes. Our analysis shows that the limiting capillary pressure and the flowing foam texture are crucial for correctly fitting the transition between the high- and low-quality regimes. Matching the gradual transition in the steady-state CO2-foam data helps better estimate the foam generation/coalescence rates.

An important novel feature of our model is that it distinguishes the flowing and trapped foam texture, which was not achieved in the literature. With this new feature capturing the physics of trapped foam, our model paves the way for further understanding of the mechanisms of CO2 foam/emulsion flow in porous media for various applications.
Towards Quantitative Approach to Evaluating Greenhouse Gas Leakage from CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery Fields
Authors: Chen Bailian , Mehana Mohamed Z. , Pawar Rajesh J.
Published: April 2022

Greenhouse gas (mainly CO2 and CH4) leakage from abandoned wells in CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) sites is a long-standing environmental concern and health hazard. Although multiple CO2 capture, utilization, and storage programs (e.g., CarbonSAFE, Regional Carbon Storage Partnerships) have been developed in the U.S. to reach the net-zero emission target by 2050, one cannot neglect the significant amount of CO2 and CH4 leakage from abandoned wells. This study will investigate the potential of CO2 and oil components (e.g., CH4) leakages from the abandoned wellbore and develop the first-ever quantitative approach to evaluating CO2 and oil component leakage from a CO2-EOR field.

We conducted wellbore leakage analysis for the CO2-EOR field. A numerical model which has aquifer, caprock, and reservoir components was developed. We used C1, C4, and C10 to represent the light, intermediate and heavy components of crude oil, respectively. All the required simulations were performed using Eclipse 300. We quantified the CO2/oil components leakage through the wellbore to the aquifer by varying abandoned reservoir pressure, effective wellbore permeability, caprock thickness, residual oil saturation, etc. Then, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to investigate the impact of uncertain characteristics (including reservoir depth, net-to-gross ratio, reservoir permeability, residual oil saturation, and mole fractions of oil components) on CO2 and oil components (e.g., CH4) leakages. After that, we developed a set of reduced-order models (ROMs) to predict CO2/oil components leakages through abandoned wellbore using a supervised machine learning technique.

We observed that in addition to a large amount of CO2 leakage, a significant amount of light and intermediate oil components (i.e., C1 and C4) leaked through the wellbore. In contrast, a minimal amount of heavy oil component (C10) leaked. Oil components’ leakage is mainly through the gas phase rather than the liquid phase (relevant figures for mole fraction distributions of CO2/oil components in gas and oil phases are not shown). We observed that CO2 leakage is positively correlated to reservoir depth, wellbore pressure, and permeability through sensitivity analysis. In contrast, it is negatively related to net-to-gross ratio, residual oil saturation, and mole fraction of CH4. On the other hand, oil component leakages (C1 and C4) are positively correlated to all uncertain parameters, except the net-to-gross ratio. Lastly, the ROMs generated using the machine learning technique have a relatively high fidelity.