bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracellular self‐DNA plays a role as a damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) delaying zoospore germination rate and inducing stress‐related responses in Phytophthora capsici
Authors: Ferrusquía‐Jiménez Noelia I. , Serrano‐Jamaica Luz M. , Martínez‐Camacho Joel E. , Sáenz de la O Diana , Villagomez‐Aranda Ana L. , González‐Chavira Mario M. , Guerrero‐Aguilar Brenda Z. , Torres‐Pacheco Irineo , Feregrino‐Pérez Ana A. , Medina‐Ramos Gabriela , Guevara‐González Ramón G.
Published: February 2022

Phytophthora capsici is a highly destructive pathogen of crops. Although chemical pesticides are the most widely used strategy to counter phytopathogens, they have been inefficient to combat P. capsici and have produced significant environmental and health problems. Therefore, sustainable alternatives to control soilborne pathogens, such as the inhibitory effect of self‐extracellular DNA (eDNA), have been proposed. This inhibition phenomenon has been attributed to the action of self‐eDNA as a damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Here, we describe the effect of self‐eDNA on P. capsici zoospore germination rate, antioxidant enzymes activity and MAPK gene expression. Also, the effect of P. capsici eDNA on the protection of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants against P. capsici was investigated. The results highlight that P. capsici can sense 2–500 µg/ml self‐eDNA and induce stress‐related responses like SAK1 gene expression, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Moreover, in vitro zoospore germination rate was suppressed with self‐eDNA concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 µg/ml. Interestingly, drench applications of P. capsici eDNA at 60 and 100 µg/ml on chilli pepper plants did not show any protective effect against the phytopathogen, whereas 2 µg/ml of P. capsici eDNA drench application showed a lower percentage of plants with symptoms and lower disease severity. Moreover, phenols and total flavonoids were increased in chilli pepper plants, therefore inducing plant immunity. This study showed that self‐eDNA acts as a DAMP in P. capsici and provides insight into the use of eDNA for the protection of crops of agronomic interest.
Symptomless infection by strawberry virus 1 (StrV‐1) leads to losses in strawberry yields
Authors: Valentova Lucie , Rejlova Martina , Franova Jana , Cmejla Radek
Published: February 2022

High‐throughput sequencing has opened up possibilities of detecting new plant pathogens, especially viruses, with relative ease. However, information about biological characteristics and relevance to plant production is usually lacking. Recently, a new strawberry cytorhabdovirus named strawberry virus 1 (StrV‐1) was described and characterized at a molecular level. The virus can be transmitted by aphids and is commonly found in commercial plantations. Here, we studied the impact of a sole StrV‐1 infection on production in two strawberry cultivars—Darselect and Karmen. All plants infected with StrV‐1 remained symptomless during the experiment. In general, Darselect was more resilient to StrV‐1 infection, and the average yield per plant was nonsignificantly lowered by 11.7% over the 2‐year experiment. In contrast, StrV‐1 infection in cultivar Karmen led to a significant yield loss of 31.8%, indicating that the genetic background plays a role. While the average fruit weight and diameter were relatively unaffected, lower yields in infected plants stemmed from a significantly reduced number of inflorescences, by 23.6% and 29.6% in Darselect and Karmen, respectively, which resulted in a reduction in the average number of flowers per plant (decreased by 16.5% and 27.3%, respectively), and hence the number of fruits per plant (by 14.5% and 27.6%, respectively). The StrV‐1 load was higher in spring than in autumn, and generally higher in the second year after infection, which corresponded to higher losses in the second harvest, especially in cultivar Karmen.
Soil inoculation of lodgepole pine seedlings alters root‐associated fungal communities but does not improve seedling performance in beetle‐killed pine stands
Authors: Wasyliw Joshua , Fellrath Evan G. , Pec Gregory J. , Cale Jonathan A. , Franklin James , Thomasson Charlotte , Erbilgin Nadir , Karst Justine
Published: February 2022

Extensive tree mortality in forests can change the community composition of soil fungi altering seedling establishment, a process critical to forest restoration. Disturbances that result in the loss of ectomycorrhizal fungi, in particular, may impede the establishment of tree species reliant on these symbionts for their survival. Inoculation of seedlings with soil from intact forests may improve the establishment of seedlings in such disturbances but the method has rarely been tested in the field. Here, we assess whether soil inoculation improves lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) seedling performance in conspecific stands with high levels of tree mortality caused by a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak and whether underlying soil type modifies inoculation effects. We first inoculated seedlings in a growth chamber with small amounts of soils (5% volume) originating from either intact (<10%) or “beetle‐killed” (>70% pine basal area killed) conspecific stands or added no soil inoculum and, after 4 months, transplanted them into 15 beetle‐killed stands. After two growing seasons, root‐associated fungal communities of seedlings receiving inoculum from intact stands differed in composition from those receiving inoculum from beetle‐killed stands or no inoculum. However, inoculation had no effect on seedling survival, height, or biomass. Site properties, including soil texture and the resident fungal community composition, overwhelmed the effect of soil inoculation on seedling performance. Seedling survival and shoot mass was higher in sandy than loamy soils. Restoration to improve seedling performance in beetle‐killed stands should consider stand‐level treatments as soil inoculation at the level evaluated was ineffective.
The effect of seasonal work visas on native employment: Evidence from US farm work in the Great Recession
Authors: Clemens Michael A.
Published: February 2022

Evidence on the labor‐market effect of immigration focuses on permanent migrants, though a large share of international labor mobility is temporary and seasonal. This paper estimates the marginal native employment effect of policy restrictions on foreign seasonal farm workers in the United States. It exploits two natural experiments: a legal requirement to give hiring preference to natives, and an exogenous change in natives' next‐best employment options during the Great Recession of 2007–2008. The local elasticity of natives' occupational labor supply is 0.0015, implying a minimal marginal effect of seasonal work visa restrictions on native employment.
Trends in gross body coordination and cardiorespiratory fitness—a hierarchical Bayesian Analysis of 35 000 2nd Graders
Authors: Koeppel Maximilian , Eckert Katharina , Huber Gerhard
Published: February 2022

Objective

A negative decline of motor competence in children has been observed over the last decades. Though most studies derive their inferences from only two distant points in time and thus neglect to investigate the variability of the temporal trends.

Methods

Between the year 2000 and 2011, 35 018 second graders performed the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK), consisting of four items (WB, HH, JS, and MS) and a six minute run test (6MRT). A hierarchical Bayesian regression model with varying intercepts and temporal trends was fitted to the data. Age, sex, and BMI categories were included as input variables. The outcome variables were z‐standardized to the initial cohort.

Results

In all four KTK items, we observed a yearly decline of −0.020 (95% UI −0.038 to −0.001) for WB, −0.054 (95% UI −0.071, −0.037) for HH, −0.028 (95% UI −0.045 to −0.012) for JS and −0.088 (95% UI −0.108 to −0.067) for MS. For the 6MRT, no trend was identified. Overweight and obese children showed a disadvantage in all tests scores. Negative time interactions were observed for overweight and obese children in HH and JS. A substantial between‐city variation for all temporal trends was observed. The predictive validation for all models but MS was successful.

Conclusion

A general negative decline was confirmed for coordinative abilities but not in cardiorespiratory fitness. For all outcome variables, a substantial between‐city variation was observed, highlighting the importance of environmental factors in motor development. Overweight and obese children demonstrated an urgent need for action.
Magnesium slag for remediation of cadmium‐ and arsenic‐contaminated paddy soil: A field study
Authors: Zhang Yinjie , Tan Xiao , Duan Guilan , Cui Jun , Ren Meng , Cao Jinman , Xu Congbin , Yang Wenjie , Lin Aijun
Published: February 2022

The accumulation of heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) and metalloids like arsenic (As) in plants can do harm to human health through the food chain, especially through the rice (Oryza sativa L.). To solve this problem, this study researched the application of magnesium slag (MS) and polyaspartic acid (PASP), which could accelerate rice growth and improve yield, increase soil pH and activate rice enzyme activity as well as reduce the bioavailability of Cd and As in the soil. After these two different treatments, rice yield increased by 17.0% and 18.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, the bioavailable As decreased by 49.1% and 42.5%, while the bioavailable Cd reduced by 72.6% and 44.3%. Besides, the Cd content in rice grains reduced by 77.7% and 17.3%, respectively, after two different treatments. In the MS treatment, the As content in rice grains was reduced by 21.8%, but showed no significant response to the other treatment. The contents of bioavailable Cd and As (determined by one‐step extraction) in soil were decreased by MS and PASP, which was favourable for the reduction of Cd and As accumulation in rice. The health risk assessment showed that the application of passivators can effectively reduce the risk of carcinogenesis, but it was still unacceptable. The application dose of MS and PASP still needs further exploration.
Introduction to the special issue “Tibetan tectonics and its effect on the long‐term evolution of climate, vegetation and environment”
Authors: Tian Yuntao , Zhuang Guangsheng , Nie Junsheng , Xu Qiang , Xing Yaowu , Zuza Andrew , Saylor Joel , Leary Ryan , Rohrmann Alexander
Published: February 2022

The long‐term evolution of the Tibetan Plateau significantly influenced Asian climate, nearby ocean physics and chemistry, and terrestrial biodiversity. This range of impacts has attracted research attention from a correspondingly broad range of disciplines, providing important new insights into prolonged and emerging debates concerning the Himalayan–Tibetan morphotectonic evolution and its impacts on the long‐term evolution of climate, biodiversity, and the environment on regional to global scales. To communicate the latest advances on this coupled tectonic, climatic and biological system, we have launched a special virtual issue in Terra Nova and solicited submissions of 20 papers in total. The papers cover a wide range of topics that fall in the following, partially overlapping, categories: pre‐India–Asia collision tectonic configuration; post‐collision deformation; sedimentary system: source to sink studies, climatic forcing, and river incision; and climatic and biospheric influence of the Tibetan Plateau.
TALEN‐mediated depletion of the mitochondrial gene orf312 proves that it is a Tadukan‐type cytoplasmic male sterility‐causative gene in rice
Authors: Takatsuka Ayumu , Kazama Tomohiko , Arimura Shin‐ichi , Toriyama Kinya
Published: February 2022

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a trait that causes pollen or anther dysfunctions, resulting in the lack of seed setting. CMS is considered to be caused by the expression of a unique mitochondrial open reading frame referred to as CMS‐associated gene. orf312 has been reported as a CMS‐associated gene of Tadukan‐type CMS (TAA) in rice (Oryza sativa L.), which exhibits impaired anther dehiscence; however, evidence thereof has not yet been reported. Here, we took a loss‐of‐function approach, using a mitochondria‐targeted transcription activator‐like effector nuclease (mitoTALEN) designed to knock out orf312 in TAA, to prove that orf312 indeed is a CMS‐causative gene. Out of 28 transgenic TAA plants harboring the mitoTALEN expression vector, deletion of orf312 was detected in 24 plants by PCR, Southern blot, and sequencing analyses. The 24 plants were grouped into three groups based on the deleted regions. All orf312‐depleted TAA plants exhibited recovery of anther dehiscence and seed setting. The depletion of orf312 and fertility restoration was maintained in the next generation, even in mitoTALEN expression cassette null segregants. In contrast, orf312‐retaining plants were sterile. These results provide robust evidence that orf312 is a Tadukan‐type CMS‐causative gene.
Histone ubiquitination controls organ size in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Guo Kai , Su Qian , Deng Jinwu , Zhang Xianlong , Tu Lili
Published: February 2022

Ubiquitination plays a vital role in modifying protein activity and destiny. Ub‐conjugating enzyme E2 is one of the enzymes that participates in this precise process. There are at least 169 E2 proteins in the allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), but their function remains unknown. Here we identify an E2 gene GhUBC2L and show its positive role in cell proliferation and expansion. Complete knock‐down of GhUBC2L in cotton resulted in retarded growth and reduced organ size. Conversely, overexpression of GhUBC2L promoted cotton growth, generating enlarged organs in size. Monoubiquitination of H2A and H2B was strongly impaired in GhUBC2L‐suppressed cotton but slightly enhanced in GhUBC2L‐overexpressed plant. GhUbox8, a U‐box type E3 ligase protein, was found to interact with GhUBC2L both in vivo and in vitro, indicating their synergistical function in protein ubiquitination. Furthermore, GhUbox8 was shown to interact with a series of histone proteins, including histone H2A and H2B, indicating its potential monoubiquitination on H2A and H2B. Expression of genes relating to cell cycle and organ development were altered when the expression of GhUBC2L was changed. Our results show that GhUBC2L modulates histone monoubiquitination synergistically with GhUbox8 to regulate the expression of genes involved in organ development and cell cycle, thus controlling organ size in cotton. This research provides new insights into the role of protein ubiquitination in organ size control. Histone monoubiquitination plays an important role in plant development. Here, we identified an E2 enzyme GhUBC2L that modulates histone monoubiquitination synergistically with an E3 ligase GhUbox8 to mediate organ size control in cotton.
Identification of novel regulators required for early development of vein pattern in the cotyledons by single‐cell RNA‐sequencing
Authors: Liu Zhixin , Wang Jiajing , Zhou Yaping , Zhang Yixin , Qin Aizhi , Yu Xiaole , Zhao Zihao , Wu Rui , Guo Chenxi , Bawa George , Rochaix Jean‐David , Sun Xuwu
Published: February 2022

The leaf veins of higher plants contain a highly specialized vascular system comprised of xylem and phloem cells that transport water, organic compounds and mineral nutrients. The development of the vascular system is controlled by phytohormones that interact with complex transcriptional regulatory networks. Before the emergence of true leaves, the cotyledons of young seedlings perform photosynthesis that provides energy for the sustainable growth and survival of seedlings. However, the mechanisms underlying the early development of leaf veins in cotyledons are still not fully understood, in part due to the complex cellular composition of this tissue. To better understand the development of leaf veins, we analyzed 14 117 single cells from 3‐day‐old cotyledons using single‐cell RNA sequencing. Based on gene expression patterns, we identified 10 clusters of cells and traced their developmental trajectories. We discovered multiple new marker genes and developmental features of leaf veins. The transcription factor networks of some cell types indicated potential roles of CYCLING DOF FACTOR 5 (CDF5) and REPRESSOR OF GA (RGA) in the early development and function of the leaf veins in cotyledons. These new findings lay a foundation for understanding the early developmental dynamics of cotyledon veins. The mechanisms underlying the early development of leaf veins in cotyledons are still not fully understood. In this study, we comprehensively characterized the early differentiation and development of leaf veins in 3‐day‐old cotyledons based on single‐cell transcriptome analysis. We identified the cell types and novel marker genes of leaf veins and characterized the novel regulators of leaf vein.
Acute and chronic cardiac adaptations in adults born preterm
Authors: Lewandowski Adam J.
Published: February 2022

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?

Studies using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography to investigate cardiac alterations at rest and during exercise‐induced physiological stress in adults born preterm.

What advances does it highlight?

People born preterm have a greater long‐term cardiovascular risk, which may be explained in part by their cardiac structural and functional alterations. They have potentially adverse alterations in left and right ventricular structure and function that worsens with blood pressure elevation; an impaired myocardial functional reserve; and an increase in diffuse myocardial fibrosis that may drive their lower diastolic function.

Preterm birth accounts for more than 10% of births worldwide and associates with a long‐term increase in cardiovascular disease risk. The period around preterm birth is a rapid and critical phase of cardiovascular development, which might explain why changes in multiple components of the cardiovascular system have been observed in individuals born preterm. These alterations include reduced microvascular density, increased macrovascular stiffness, and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Cardiac alterations have been observed in people born preterm as early as neonatal life and infancy, with potentially adverse changes in both left and right ventricular structure and function extending into adulthood. Indeed, studies using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography have demonstrated that preterm‐born individuals have structural cardiac changes and functional impairments. Furthermore, myocardial tissue characterization by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated an increase in left ventricular diffuse myocardial fibrosis in young adults born preterm, and under acute physiological stress, their myocardial functional reserve assessed by echocardiography is reduced. The preterm heart is also more susceptible to chronic systolic blood pressure elevation, with a significantly greater increase in left ventricular mass as systolic blood pressure rises observed in preterm‐born compared to term‐born young adults. Given these known, potentially adverse acute and chronic cardiac adaptations in the preterm‐born population, primary prevention strategies are needed to reduce long‐term cardiovascular disease risk in this subgroup of the population.
Reactive hyperaemia augments local heat‐induced skin hyperaemia
Authors: Lima Natalia S. , Lefferts Elizabeth C. , Clifford Philip S.
Published: February 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

It is valuable to be able to monitor disease‐ or treatment‐related changes in the microcirculation. Laser Doppler flowmetry with local heating allows non‐invasive monitoring of the skin microcirculation and its ability to vasodilate. Does reactive hyperaemia augment the increase in skin blood flow elicited by local heating?

What is the main finding and its importance?

The addition of reactive hyperaemia to local heating results in greater vasodilatation than heating alone. Thus, reactive hyperaemia can augment local heat‐induced hyperaemia in the skin.

The skin circulation has been proposed as a model of generalized microvascular function that could be monitored non‐invasively using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The response to heat hyperaemia (HH) is commonly used to monitor disease‐ or treatment‐related changes in microvascular function. We hypothesized that reactive hyperaemia would augment the increase in skin blood flow elicited by local heating. Fourteen healthy young adults were subjected to three different conditions: reactive hyperaemia (RH; skin temperature controlled at 33°C), heat hyperaemia (HH; 42°C held for 40 min) and HH+RH. Two Peltier‐controlled thermomodules with LDF probes were placed on the right forearm to monitor skin blood flow continuously. A cuff was placed on the right upper arm to elicit RH by inflation to 220 mmHg for 5 min. This procedure was performed with the skin temperature at 33°C and again after 40 min of local heating to 42°C. Beat‐by‐beat mean arterial pressure (MAP) obtained by a photoplethysmographic sensor on the middle finger of the left hand allowed calculation of cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) as LDF/MAP. Both HH and RH increased LDF (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) and CVC (P = 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) above baseline values. The LDF and CVC values were significantly higher during HH+RH when compared with RH or HH alone (P < 0.0001). In summary, HH+RH resulted in greater vasodilatation when compared with HH or RH alone. These results indicate that RH can augment local heat‐induced hyperaemia in the skin.
Association between effective neural drive to the triceps surae and fluctuations in plantar‐flexion torque during submaximal isometric contractions
Authors: Mazzo Melissa R. , Holobar Aleš , Enoka Roger M.
Published: February 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

What is the association between the fluctuations in various estimates of effective neural drive to the triceps surae muscles and fluctuations in net plantar‐flexion torque during steady submaximal contractions?

What is the main finding and its importance?

The fluctuations in estimates of effective neural drive to the triceps surae were moderately correlated with fluctuations in net torque at light and moderate plantar‐flexion torques. Significant variability was observed in the association between neural drive and torque across participants, trials, short epochs of individual contractions and varying motor unit number.

The influence of effective neural drive on low‐frequency fluctuations in torque during steady contractions can be estimated from the cumulative spike train (CST) or first principal component (FPC) of smoothed motor unit discharge rates obtained with high‐density electromyography. However, the association between these estimates of total neural drive to synergist muscles and the fluctuations in net torque has not been investigated. We exposed the variability and compared the correlations between estimates of effective neural drive to the triceps surae muscles and fluctuations in plantar‐flexion torque during steady contractions at 10% and 35% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque. Both neural drive estimates were moderately correlated with torque (CST, 0.55 ± 0.14; FPC, 0.58 ± 0.16) and highly correlated with one another (0.81 ± 0.1) during the 30‐s steady contractions. There was substantial variability in cross‐correlation values across participants, trials, and the 1‐ and 5‐s epochs of single contractions. Moreover, epoch duration significantly influenced cross‐correlation values. Motor unit number was weakly associated with cross‐correlation strength at 35% MVC (marginal R2 0.09–0.11; all P < 2.2 × 10–5), but not at 10% MVC (all P > 0.37). Approximately, one‐fifth of the variance in the coefficient of variation (CV) for torque was explained by CV for the CST estimate of the neural drive (P = 6.6 × 10–13, R2 = 0.21). Estimates of total neural drive to the synergistic triceps surae muscles obtained by pooling motor unit discharge times were moderately correlated with fluctuations in net plantar‐flexion torque.
Autoeficacia del profesorado de matemáticas colombiano en relación con su autopercepción laboral y con otras variables
Authors: Perochena González Paola , Cárdenas Lizarazo Janeth Amparo , Mosquera Gende Ingrid , Guerrero Barona Eloísa
Published: February 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar si algunas variables sociodemográficas, laborales y de autopercepción laboral que influyen en los niveles de autoeficacia docente, y sus dimensiones, percibidos por los profesores de matemáticas de Educación Secundaria de Bogotá. Un total de 211 profesores de diferentes localidades de esta ciudad (sexo: 46 % femenino y 54 % masculino, edad: X = 42, DE = 10.19) respondieron a un cuestionario ad hoc y al Teachers Sense of Efficacy Scale. Los análisis descriptivos muestran que la mayoría de los profesores tienen altos niveles de autoeficacia docente en dos de las tres dimensiones: el manejo de la clase (72.1 %) en las estrategias de enseñanza (68.2 %), y la implicación de sus estudiantes (49.3 %). Los análisis inferenciales (U-Mann Whitney y H-Kruskal Wallis) permiten reconocer que la localidad en la que se trabaja, las expectativas laborales, el compromiso laboral y el querer cambiar de ocupación influyen en algunas dimensiones de autoeficacia docente, en especial la autoeficacia sobre la implicación de sus estudiantes (p < 0.05). Como conclusión se destaca la importancia de desarrollar programas de intervención psicoeducativa para el desarrollo de habilidades de afrontamiento y de empoderamiento que les permita cambiar sus creencias y mejorar la capacidad de influir en el compromiso de los estudiantes.
Conocimiento de maestros en servicio y en formación sobre resolución de problemas aritméticos
Authors: Ramos Marta , Rosales Javier , Vicente Santiago
Published: February 2022

Generalmente, la enseñanza de la resolución de problemas aritméticos en el aula se caracteriza por la escasa incidencia en el razonamiento. Uno de los motivos podría ser el tipo de conocimiento matemático que han desarrollado los profesores acerca del propio proceso de resolución durante su ejercicio profesional. En el presente trabajo, se analizan las diferencias en la orientación, la coherencia y la explicitud del conocimiento en resolución de problemas aritméticos de 109 maestros (60.55 % mujeres y 39.45 % hombres) en servicio y en formación (experiencia: M = 19.22, DE =10.01). Mediante una entrevista estructurada, los maestros seleccionaron un tipo de problema, un modelo de resolución y un ejemplo de interacción de entre dos opciones en cada caso (con ayudas al razonamiento o sin ayudas), según cuál considerasen más conveniente para enseñar a los alumnos a resolver problemas, argumentando su respuesta. Los resultados indicaron que los maestros en servicio mostraron una orientación a las opciones sin razonamiento, fueron más coherentes en sus elecciones en las tres tareas (problemas, modelos e interacción), y sus argumentos fueron más explícitos que los de los maestros en formación. Como conclusión, sería recomendable enriquecer el conocimiento matemático de los maestros en relación con la resolución de problemas aritméticos.
Longitudinal Study of the Psychological Impact of the Contingency Response to COVID-19 in Mexico
Authors: González-Ramírez Mónica Teresa , Quezada-Berumen Lucia , Landero-Hernández René
Published: February 2022

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have implemented prevention and care measures, among which voluntary confinement stands out. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of the contingency response due to COVID-19 in Mexico, considering time and level of confinement, participation in pleasurable activities during confinement, and responses derived from the economic recovery plan of the government. The study had a longitudinal design with two evaluations involving 158 people from 17 to 76 years of age who answered the questionnaires within 9 weeks. People with high confinement levels showed significant differences in positive affect, stress, and depression; people with low confinement levels and those who continued to work showed greater affection. Those who reported not having participated in pleasant activities during their confinement showed low results, and those who reported having been more worried about the economic recovery plan had a higher score in worry and a lower score in life satisfaction. It can be concluded that although psychological support interventions should focus on people in confinement, greater efforts that contribute to improving quality of life and well-being should be directed to those who work during public health contingency responses.
Optimism in Portuguese Adolescents: The Role of Anxiety and Positive Affect
Authors: Gonçalves Fábio , Vieira dos Santos Joana , Vieira Luís Sérgio
Published: February 2022

The higher prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders in children and adolescents and the persistence of these disorders in adulthood show how important it is to investigate these concepts. Simultaneously, if we better understand the antecedents of, for example, anxiety, it will be more advantageous to define and implement some programs specifically for those ages. Like in adults, some investigations propose to study the effect of anxiety on optimism on samples of children or adolescents. In this study, we analyze the relations between anxiety, optimism, and affect in a sample of 155 students (mean age = 12 years). We took a particular interest in investigating the direction of influence between anxiety and optimism. The results showed a positive association between positive affect and anxious coping, and predictive power of these variables in explaining optimism, which seems to result from a contribution equivalent to that described on the two-factor structure of affectivity.
PANAS Internacional Revisado: Propiedades psicométricas en una muestra internacional latina
Authors: Ruiz-Pérez José Ignacio , Melo-González Vanessa , Velandia-Amaya Sergio Nicolás , Rodríguez-Mesa Luz Stella , Velázquez Monroy César Alfonso
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una versión corta revisada del PANAS (Thompson, 2007), en el marco de una investigación más amplia sobre el impacto psicosocial de la pandemia por COVID-19. Se contó con una muestra internacional, especialmente de sujetos de: 1) Colombia (72 %), 2) Brasil (9.5 %), 3) otros países latinoamericanos (12.1 %) y 4) de otros países, europeos, EE. UU. y Canadá (6.31 %). Como resultados, el IPANAS-R tuvo unos coeficientes alfa de 0.82 y omega de 0.83, sin diferencias significativas entre submuestras de acuerdo al coeficiente de Feld. Un análisis paralelo y otro factorial exploratorio muestran una solución satisfactoria de dos dimensiones, con coeficientes: RSMEA: 0.079,  RMSR: 0.042, CFI: 0.949 y GFI: 0.989, aunque con diferencias de  ajuste entre las submuestras. A nivel de validez convergente, un mayor apoyo social informal (familia, amistades), un mayor afrontamiento activo y una percepción del paso tiempo más positiva, rápida y esperanzadora se asociaron con un mejor balance de afectos.
Social Support in Higher Education: Evidence of Validity and Reliability in the Peruvian Context
Authors: Manrique Millones Denisse Lisette , Millones Rivalles Rosa , Dominguez Lara Sergio , Pineda Marín Claudia , Manrique Pino Oscar
Published: February 2022

Social support is a useful cornerstone concept that describes how positive human relationships and social networks allow people to overcome stressful events they face during their lives and to find themselves in a state of relative well-being. This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the Social Support Appraisals Scale (SS-A) in a Peruvian sample. Participants were 417 undergraduate’s students in Metropolitan Lima (Mage = 21.78, SD = 4.09). Cross-sectional data was collected after approval by the ethical committee and authorization of all parties involved. A theoretical three-factor model was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Results showed good fit indexes and revealed that the SS-A’s three-dimensional structure was invariant across gender and presented adequate reliability. Likewise, social support showed significant correlations to academic stress. Although the results’ generalizability due to the non-random nature of the data presents a caveat, the current findings reveal preliminary evidence that the adapted version of the Social Support Appraisals Scale is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of perceived social support in this sample of Peruvian college students.
Experiencias adversas en la infancia y el uso de drogas en la adolescencia y adultez: un análisis de la evidencia
Authors: Rojas-Jara Claudio , Polanco-Carrasco Roberto , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Acuña-Espinoza Rocío , González-Serrano Camila , Roa-Méndez Paula , Rojas-Román Aníbal , Sepúlveda-López María Alfonsina
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este estudio es la revisión de la evidencia actual sobre la relación entre la vivencia de experiencias adversas en la infancia y el posterior uso de drogas en la adolescencia y adultez, y sus características. La metodología utilizada fue una revisión sistemática de publicaciones científicas, entre el periodo 2013-2017, disponibles en la base de datos Scopus sobre experiencias adversas en la infancia y el uso de drogas en la adolescencia y adultez que arrojó un total de 69 publicaciones incluidas en el estudio. Las experiencias adversas en la infancia presentan una elevada relación con el uso y/o abuso de drogas en la adolescencia y adultez. El consumo de drogas en adolescentes y adultos expuestos a experiencias traumáticas en la infancia se da principalmente en hombres. Las drogas mayormente usadas son alcohol, tabaco, cannabis y fármacos no recetados y, en menor medida, opioides, cocaína y anfetaminas. Las drogas, en este sentido, cumplen el rol de barrera química para distanciar el dolor emocional que deriva del recuerdo de las experiencias traumáticas y su intensa carga psíquica. Se requieren acciones de promoción del buen trato en la infancia, así como el abordaje terapéutico temprano de niños expuestos a experiencias traumáticas.
La indexación de las revistas de psicología de Colombia en las bases de datos científicas españolas: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Vázquez-Miraz Pedro
Published: February 2022

En el siguiente documento se presenta un trabajo exploratorio en el que se analiza la relevancia de las principales revistas de psicología colombianas, aquellas que están indexadas en los indicadores nacionales (Publindex) e internacionales (Web of Science y Scopus) más importantes, en función de las cifras aportadas por dos bases de datos científicas de origen español (CIRC y MIAR) de amplio uso en el ámbito bibliométrico. Por medio de un análisis correlacional de Spearman entre estos tres elementos y el índice H5 de Google Académico, los resultados muestran la existencia de una fuerte correlación entre Publindex y el índice H5 (r = 0.86;  p = 0.001) no habiendo diferencias significativas entre Publindex y las matrices europeas. Además, se puede considerar que la matriz de datos CIRC subestima a este tipo de publicaciones en comparación con los otros tres anteriores medidores y, por ende, no recomendaríamos a los psicólogos colombianos el uso de esta última base de datos española.
Political Culture and the Crisis of Democracy. An Analysis of Citizenship Motivations to Justify a Coup D’état in Argentina
Authors: Alonso Daniela , Brussino Silvina
Published: February 2022

Latin American democracies are experiencing high instability, signed by economic and political crises and increasing social conflict. In this scenario, the continuity and further development of democracies are far from being granted. From a political psychology perspective, we are interested in understanding public motivations for justifying an authoritarian interruption of the democratic order. On a 454 Cordoba citizens sample (mean age= 37.3, SD=14.22; 52.7% women, 47.3% men), we conducted a Discriminant Analysis to identify the more relevant dimensions for classifying people according to their attitudes towards a coup d’état. Six variables constituted the linear discriminant function resulting from a stepwise procedure (λ = 0.67, X2 = 151.5, gl = 6, p = 0) and enabled to classify 77.3% of the cases correctly. Conservative, normative, and ideological orientations were the more relevant dimensions to predict the justification of a state coup. Additionally, we identified two different attitudinal profiles among the people who are willing to justify a coup, mainly differentiated by their ideological orientations through a two-step cluster analysis. We accounted for a small group of people who justify a non-democratic exit to the socio-political conflict based on progressive ideological attitudes more than conservative or authoritarian orientations. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Self-Regulation Effects on Smoking Addiction: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Muhammad Afiq Wiratma , Patria Bhina
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to determine the impacts of self-regulation on smoking addiction. Self-regulation is the capacity to overcome ineffective behavior to achieve goals. Previous research studies found that self-regulation is an effective mental defense against deviant behaviors such as smoking. This study hypothesized that self-regulation correlates negatively with smoking addiction. The subjects in this study were 155 students aged 13-18 years (M = 13.37, SD = 1.07) from three high schools in Sleman district, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data were analysed with Bayesian regression and simple linear regression as a comparison. The Bayesian regression showed that 95% posterior distribution HDI falls outside ROPE (-0.5-0). The results indicated that self-regulation has significant effects on reducing smoking addiction. Additionally, the simple linear regression also showed similar results (F (1.153) = 82.12, p < 0.01). The generalizability of the results is only limited to the sample being used in this study.
Validación psicométrica del Cuestionario de Emociones en la Motivación de la Ingesta
Authors: Garza-Olivares Xochitl , Navarro-Contreras Gabriela , González-Torres Marina Liliana , Gómez María Ángela , Zacarías-Salinas Ximena
Published: February 2022

La medición apropiada de la influencia de las emociones en la ingesta de alimentos resulta relevante para encaminar las estrategias de salud en materia de prevención de obesidad y  Trastornos de Conducta Alimentaria. El objetivo del presente estudio fue validar un instrumento para medir la influencia de las emociones en la motivación de la ingesta, desde la construcción hasta su validación. En la construcción participaron 6 jueces expertos en psicología y en la validación participaron 416 adultos mexicanos (56 % mujeres, 44 % hombres, edad M = 39.43 años, DE = 12.56). Se obtuvo una confiabilidad a través del coeficiente alpha de Cronbach de 0.906. La validez de constructo fue a través del análisis factorial de componentes principales con rotación varimax, del cual se obtuvieron 4 factores que explican 50.36% de la varianza, con un KMO de 0.888 un valor χ2 de la prueba de Bartlett de 4418.36 p < 0.001. Una limitación del estudio fue la regionalización de la muestra, por lo que se sugiere replicar el estudio con otras poblaciones. La escala mostró buenas propiedades psicométricas para medir la influencia de las emociones en la motivación de la ingesta.
Work Demands, Personal Resources and Work Outcomes: The Mediation of Engagement
Authors: Da Silva Júnior Domingos Isidório , Ferreira Maria Cristina , Valentini Felipe
Published: February 2022

The study tested a model of relationships of work demands (work overload and misbehavior of the students) and personal resources (self-efficacy) with job outcomes (turnover intention and job crafting behavior), as well as the mediation of work engagement on those relationships. The sample consisted of 451 Brazilian teachers, male and female (70.7% female), with ages ranging from 20 to 69 years (M = 38.63; SD = 10.36). The data analysis was performed through structural equation modeling and the fit indices were adequate. The results showed that work engagement mediated self-efficacy relationships with turnover intention and job crafting behavior. These findings present evidence for the JD-R Theory, according to which the demands exhaust the worker’s energy and produce negative outcomes at work, while the personal resources improve the work engagement and produce more positive outcomes. Training programs could be implemented to develop self-efficacy and attitudes of greater work engagement in the teachers, which could make them more proactive and guarantee that they continue in their jobs.
Differences in Older Adults Walking Football Initiation and Maintenance Influences Across Respondent Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Cholerton Rachel , Butt Joanne , Quirk Helen , Breckon Jeff
Published: February 2022

Despite health benefits gained from physical activity and sport participation, older adults are less likely to be active. This study investigates what influences 50- to 75-year-olds (N = 439) to initiate and maintain walking football, across gender, socioeconomic status, number of health conditions, and physical activity level. It also considers relationships between participant characteristics and influences, and intentions to play after a forced break (COVID-19). Results of a U.K. online cross-sectional survey found those with two or more health conditions rated social influences significantly higher in initiation and maintenance than participants with no health conditions. Multiple regression analysis found a positive walking football culture, and perceived use of maintenance resources contributed significantly to intentions to return to play after COVID-19 restrictions eased. Practitioners should consider providing opportunities for social connection, foster a positive walking football culture, and encourage players to utilize maintenance resources (e.g., scheduling sessions) in older adult walking football sessions.
Spatial skill predicts success on sequence stratigraphic interpretation
Authors: Kreager B.Z. , LaDue N.D. , Shipley T.F. , Powell R.D. , Hampton B.A.
Published: February 2022

Sequence stratigraphic interpretation and three-dimensional spatial and spatiotemporal skills are considered important for the petroleum industry. However, little is known about the relationship between the two. This study begins to fill this gap by testing whether spatial skills predict success on a sequence stratigraphic interpretation task. Students in this study (N = 78) were enrolled in undergraduate or graduate stratigraphy-focused courses at three U.S. state universities. Students completed (1) a sequence stratigraphic interpretation task with a sequence stratigraphic diagram and Wheeler diagram and (2) two spatial skills tests. Findings of simple linear regressions show that both disembedding (extracting or finding a pattern among other features, which is typically assessed by the hidden-figures test) and mental folding and unfolding (as assessed by the surface development test) are predictive of student success on the full sequence stratigraphic interpretation task. A nested regression, entering mental folding as the initial variable and disembedding as the secondary variable, showed that mental folding and unfolding accounted for almost all of the variance accounted for by disembedding in the simple regression. This may reflect the need to employ disembedding for the test of mental folding. Because the test of disembedding and the test of mental folding and unfolding were correlated, the distinct role of disembedding in stratigraphy remains unclear. However, the results clearly show that mental folding and unfolding is related to student success in sequence stratigraphic interpretation. Future studies should characterize how students utilize these skills, try to determine the causal direction of this effect, and identify good practices for supporting students in the classroom.
Petrogenesis of voluminous silicic magmas in the Sierra Madre Occidental large igneous province, Mexican Cordillera: Insights from zircon and Hf-O isotopes
Authors: Andrews Graham D.M. , Busby Cathy J. , Brown Sarah R. , Fisher Christopher M. , Davila-Harris Pablo , Strickland Ariel , Vervoort Jeffrey D. , Pettus Holly D. , McDowell Fred W. , Murray Bryan P.
Published: February 2022

Combined Hf-O isotopic analyses of zircons from tuffs and lavas within the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) silicic large igneous province are probes of petrogenetic processes in the lower and upper crust. Existing petrogenetic and tectonomagmatic models diverge, having either emphasized significant crustal reworking of hydrated continental lithosphere in an arc above the retreating Farallon slab or significant input of juvenile mantle melts through a slab window into an actively stretching continental lithosphere. New isotopic data are remarkably uniform within and between erupted units across the spatial and temporal extent of the SMO, consistent with homogeneous melt production and evolution. Isotopic values are consistent with enriched mantle magmas (80%) that assimilated Proterozoic paragneisses (~20%) from the lower crust. δ18Ozircon values are consistent with fractionation of mafic magma and not with assimilation of hydrothermally altered upper crust, suggesting that the silicic magmas evolved at depth. Isotopic data agree with previous interpretations where voluminous juvenile melts entered the lithosphere during the transition from a continental arc experiencing slab rollback (Late Eocene) to the arrival of a subducting slab window (Oligocene and Early Miocene) and failure of the upper plate leading to the opening of the Gulf of California (Late Miocene). An anomalously large heat flux and extension of the upper plate allow for the sustained fractionation of the voluminous SMO magmas and assimilation of the lower crust.
A rare case of downward progressive failure in eastern Canada: the 1976 Saint-Fabien landslide
Authors: Tremblay-Auger Frédérique , Locat Ariane , Leroueil Serge , Demers Denis , Levasseur Pierre-Philippe
Published: February 2022

The Saint-Fabien landslide occurred in December 1976, 270 km northeast of Quebec City, Canada. The landslide took place in a valley filled with glaciomarine sensitive clay covered by peat bog deposits and presenting an upwards hydraulic gradient. Unique features of this event are the ground surface and the failure surface that are both close to the horizontal. In addition, passive and active failure zones were observed in the debris after the landslide, indicating a possible downward progressive failure mechanism, rarely observed in Eastern Canadian clays. Possible triggers of the event are: the continuous exploitation of the peat downslope and (or) the roadworks going on along Road 132 at the time of the event, which is crossing the landslide area upslope. Conventional stability analysis for the site gives a factor of safety of 1.43, indicating that limit equilibrium analysis cannot explain the formation of the failure surface observed at Saint-Fabien. The initiation and the propagation of the failure were analysed through 1D numerical modelling using the concept of progressive failure. The methodology consists of two steps: first the calculation of the initial stresses in the slope with the finite element software PLAXIS 2D; and second, the modelling of initiation and propagation of the progressive failure along the potential failure surface with the finite element code BIFURC, developed at the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute. Results from the modelling with BIFURC show that the concept of progressive failure is able to explain the extent of the landslide observed at Saint-Fabien with parameter values based on what was measured in situ.