bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speech Recognization Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Zhang Ling
Published: January 2012

Aiming at the deficiency of the local minimum occurring in neural network used for speech recognition, the paper employs support vector machine (SVM) to recognize the speech signal with four different components. First, SVM is utilized to perform the speech recognition. Then, the results are compared with those obtained by the BP neural network method. The comparison shows that SVM effectively overcomes the local minimum existing in neural network and has the advantages of the accurate and fast classification, indicating that SVM looks feasible to recognize the speech signal.
The Implementation of a High Speed Ethernet Traffic Generator Based on FPGA
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhang Jie , Han Zhao , Liu Lie Feng , Dong Juan
Published: January 2012

High speed Ethernet traffic is important for some system tests which use TCP/IP as the data communication. A software way to do this job brings benefits on robust, but due to the limitation of CPU, it can not give full line speed of Ethernet frame, especially where short frame is needed. An implementation of an embedded high speed network traffic generator which is based on FPGA is introduced. It can be used to generate arbitrary length of PRBS Ethernet frame. Due to the high speed process ability of FPGA, even when the frame length is as short as 64 bytes, the speed is almost the full line speed as the theoretical value, which is 10 times fast than software method.
The Simulation of Six Phase PMSM Taking Iron Loss into Account
Authors: Xing Dong , Zhang Xiao Ning , Fu Yong Ling , Qi Hai Tao
Published: January 2012

This paper studies the mathematical model considering iron loss in the d-q axis of six phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor (PMSM), through the expansion of Field-Oriented Control (FOC) based on three phase PMSM, the simulation model of six phase PMSM under environment of simulink7.0 is set up, which has fast dynamic response, high steady-state precision, and has no problems about current balance compared to dual three phase PMSM. In order to get an accurate simulation results, this mathematical model takes iron loss into account. The simulation results show that iron loss have bad effects on the performance of PMSM especially affect the dynamic response, and to reduce the bad effects, the resistance of the motor core should be increased.
Improvement of Crystal Growth Control System
Authors: Song De Jie , Tan Bo Xue , Liu Jun Cheng
Published: January 2012

For the existing drawbacks in the crucible rotation vertical drop method, the control system is improved. Developed a new control system, overcome the drawbacks of original crystal growth control system, and improve the control precision, and simplify the programming program. Use to prove it reliable, stable, a more perfect crystal growth control system. Now has been formally put into use.
Design of a LXI High-Speed Parallel Data Acquisition System
Authors: Shang Qing Hua , Guo Shu Feng , Yu Chun Yu , Zheng Dian Shuang
Published: January 2012

The research on establishing an automated data acquisition system with high speed and accuracy is a hot topic in measurement and testing area. The desire is extremely high in data acquisition systems with high speed, multi-channels and large capacity, therefore research into this field becomes very important and significant. In this paper, a LXI high speed parallel data acquisition system which is combined LXI bus with high-speed data acquisition ability is proposed. And the signal conditioning circuit, ADC, data storage circuit, FPGA main control circuit and LXI interface circuit are introduced in detail. The remote control of the data acquisition system and the high speed transmission of data are realized by using the LXI bus.
Research and Implementation of Java3D Web Page Virtual Technology
Authors: Li Xiao Bo
Published: January 2012

Java3D API is an interface to implement 3D display, Java3D encapsulated the underlying technologies such as OpenGL and DirectX into Java interfaces, and solved the problem of 3D visualization in the network cross-platform environment with the strong network function of Java language. Therefore, the research on Java3D technology for web page virtualization becomes necessary. This paper summarized the key Java3D technology for web page virtualization, researched its implementation method and model-constructing process, and discussed the application of some technologies in practice.
The Research and Analysis Based on a New Hybrid Chaotic Sequences
Authors: Zhou Xue Song , Li Man , Ma You Jie , Liu Si Jia
Published: January 2012

The chaos sequence generated by the chaotic map methods usually has unsatisfactory performances. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel method with chaos sequence, which blends the Chebyshev chaotic map and one-dimensional chaotic map with infinite collapse in finite interval. Both MATLAB simulations and performance analyses results show that the proposed method has much improved chaotic performances than the single Chebyshev sequence or the chaotic sequence with infinite collapses, by analyzing and simulating the sequence of traversal feature, period doubling properties, Lyapunov exponents, initial value sensitivity, autocorrelation, and the uniformity of sequence.
A Study on a Reconstructed Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Petousis Markos , Vairis Achilles , Kandyla Betina , Stefanoudakis George , Vidakis Nektarios
Published: January 2012

The anterior cruciate ligament in the knee connects the femur to the tibia and is often torn during a sudden twisting motion, resulting in knee instability. Effective treatment is with surgery where the ligament is replaced with a piece of healthy tendon grafted into place to hold the knee joint together. Employing a novel repair device, models for the repaired and for the intact knee are developed to evaluate the efficacy of the design the device.
The Study of Low Frequency Oscillations Parameters Identification in Power System Based on Improved HHT Method
Authors: Yi Jian Bo , Huang Qi
Published: January 2012

The problem of low frequency oscillations (LFOs) parameters identification in power system with the method of improved Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is addressed. LFOs probably cause the great potential threat to the stable operation of power system, so identifying the parameters of LFOs is very important to develop the control strategies of restraining oscillations. In this paper, the LFOs signal is first processed by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) which is improved by the approach of endpoint extension used AR data prediction, stop shifting criterion and end condition via energy difference factor. The improved EMD is able to avoid the energy leakage and damping loss and also make the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) closer to the true oscillations. Then the approach of parameters identification using least squares (LS) fitting algorithm based on the results of IMFs’ Hilbert transform is presented. Finally, case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of improved HHT process and LS parameters identification methods used in LFOs analysis of power system.
The Research on the Theory of Plasmoid Shortens the Valid Insulation Distance by which Leads to the Breakdown & the Mathematical Models Based on it
Authors: Yuan Shun , Hu Da Wei
Published: January 2012

Scholars, in order to find out the reason of the unknown reason flashover of insulators for high voltage over-head line, have made a lot of research on it. There have been two theories put forward, both of which infer the impetus after appearance of the partial arc, neither of them expound how is the partial arc formed. Based on the two theories, this paper puts forward a new theory - the theory of plasmoid shortens the valid insulation distance by which leads to the breakdown, of whose main viewpoint is whether the breakdown occurs depends on the comparation between the valid insulation distance on insulator’s surface and the shortened valid insulation distance on insulator’s space around by the plasmoid. Furthermore, we put forward the plasmoid mathematical model by kinetics equations of fluid system. Particularly, except for the fluid motion features, the influence by the self-generating electric field and magnetic field must be considered
Wavelet Neural Network Optimization Based on Hybrid Hierarchy Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Yang Xiao Bo , Feng Ji Ning , Diao Zhe Jun , Liu Hong Yun
Published: January 2012

Based on studying wavelet neural network (WNN) training algorithm and geometrical structure, a new WNN optimization algorithm-hybrid hierarchy genetic is introduced. The algorithm is combined by hierarchy genetic algorithm and linear multi-regress. Hybrid hierarchy genetic algorithm (HHGA) can determine the structure and parameters of WNN from data at one time. The method has the merits of faster learning speed, higher precision. It is compared with traditional BP algorithm in this paper. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated.
Urban Traffic Signal Coordinated Control Optimization with Bus Priority Based on Quantum Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Che Huan , Zhang Hai , Lin Zheng , Luo Da Ming , Wu Jia Qing
Published: January 2012

An optimization algorithm of urban traffic signal coordinated control with bus priority, which is aiming at achieving optimal comprehensive traffic efficiency, is proposed in this paper. Six kinds of key parameters that dominate signal control effects are extracted from abundant factors. Based on these parameters, an advance and flexible coding scheme which can generate detail signal control information in QGA is put forward. Considering travel time, no wait passing rate, crossing delay, green wave effect and other factors, a new fitness function is constructed. Verified by simulations in PARAMICS, the optimized signal control scheme can obviously improve comprehensive regional traffic efficiency.
The Application of Mutual Control Monitoring and Communication Technology in Intelligent Building Safety Mitigation System –The Design of Computer Communication Interface and Control Platform
Authors: Wang Chun Bo , Yu Peng
Published: January 2012

With the development of intelligent building, building intelligence system integration has become the focus of the field of intelligent building. The mutual control mode communication technology can provide strategies against emergency. On the other hand, in order to effectively support the real-time control system, and improve the system of operation, we connect the system with a computer platform by using RS232 serial communication port, and use VC program design platform and ActiveX technology which introduced by Microsoft to produce a operating control platform of the mutual control mode communication machine.
Artificial Immune System Based Recognition of Handwritten Kannada Numerals
Authors: Mamatha H.R. , Srikanta Murthy K. , Amrutha K.S. , Anusha P. , Azeemunisa R.
Published: January 2012

Artificial immune system (AIS) based classification approach is relatively new in the field of pattern recognition (PR). The capability of AIS for learning new information, recalling what has been learned and recognizing a decentralized pattern are reasons why numerous models have been developed, implemented and used in various types of problems. This paper explores this paradigm in the context of recognition of handwritten Kannada numerals. In this paper, the AIS is used for training the extracted features of handwritten Kannada numerals. Zonal based feature extraction algorithm is being used and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) classifier is used for classification. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been investigated in detail on nearly 1250 samples of Handwritten Kannada Numerals and an recognition accuracy of 98.11% has been obtained.
Delayed Rewards vs. Evolving Fuzzy Neural Network, for Firebrigades in RoboCupRescue Simulation
Authors: Shahbazi Hamed , Salehi Sajjad , Movahedi Mostafa
Published: January 2012

RoboCupRescue Simulation System is a platform for designing and implementing various artificial intelligent issues, and it is a very good test bed for solving Multiagent problems. One of the most important aspects of agent design in AI is the way agent acts or responds to the environment that the agent acting upon. An effective action selection and behavioral method requires a good priority extraction method for finding the best actions. In rescue simulation environments, Firebrigades should select fire points in a collaborative manner such that the total achieved result is optimized. In this work we are going to compare two different methods of fire selection in Firebrigade agents in RoboCupRescue Simulation. The first one is priority extraction using delayed rewards and the other one is Fuzzy Neural Network Based Fire Planning.
Research on Dynamic Response of Subway Station Structure
Authors: Li Ke
Published: January 2012

Among more than three hundred cities in China, half of them are located in the earthquake zone where the seismic basic intensity is seven or even more than seven degrees, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Xi'an and other major cities which are located in the high-intensity earthquake zone of eight degrees. Since most areas of China are seismic fortified areas, the anti-seismic design of the underground structure and its safety evaluation have become the increasingly important issues that engineering designers are concerned about. In this paper, it studies and analyzes the dynamic response of the underground structure for a subway station under seismic loads, and preliminarily analyzes the law of its dynamic response, in the hope of benefiting the actual engineering constructions.
An Empirical Study on the Coordinated Development of Chinese Greenfood Industry Based on DEA Analysis
Authors: Song Guo Yu
Published: January 2012

The paper constructed an coordination evaluation model which measures the coordinated development status of the development system of Chinese greenfood industry and its subsystems,and established an index evaluation system from the perspective of system. A DEA approach is used to provide evidence for the coordinated development of the scale subsystem and the structure-efficiency subsystem based on the data from the greenfood industry in Heilongjiang province. The results suggest that there exists a dramatic fluctuation of the coordination of the greenfood industry system and its subsystem,and that the coordination degree of the greenfood industry is not so satisfying,in particular there is a downtrend in the coordinated development of the greenfood industry. Further research suggest that it’s feasible to transform the mode of industry development and to enhance the coordination degree of the subsystems,especially the structure-efficiency subsystem to realize the coordinated and sustainable development of the Chinese greenfood industry.
Experimental Study on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Oil and Diesel Emulsification
Authors: Gu Yue Ling , Yin Qian Qian , Wang Shu Rong , Li Xin Bao , Guo Zuo Gang , Luo Zhong Yang
Published: January 2012

Experimental study on the physico-chemical properties of bio-oil and diesel emulsification has been carried out in this paper, which was based on the preliminary experiment. The effect of surface tension and viscosity on the stability of emulsions were particular concerned. It was found that the longest stable time, the lowest viscosity and lowest surface tension can be obtained simultaneously when the hydrophile and lipophile balance (HLB) value was of the optimal value, i.e. 6.5. Experimental results indicated that the stable time of emulsion decreased rapidly with the increase of bio-oil content, while the value of surface tension and viscosity increased. Meantime, it was shown that the most stable emulsions had the lowest value of viscosity and surface tension.
The Application of WorldFIP Fieldbus in BAOQUAN Pumped Storage Power Station
Authors: Liu Peng Long
Published: January 2012

The paper introduces the WorldFIP field bus and its application in the computer supervisory and control system(CSCS) of BAOQUAN pumped storage power station.
Integration of "Green Building "into Residence Districts - Take the Design of the Yushan Huafu Home Community for Example
Authors: Li Qing
Published: January 2012

In the green building concept, not only do the influences of the local climate, architectural form, usage mode, facilities condition, construction process, building materials and access management on the external environment as well as the comfortable and healthy internal environment are taken into account, but also the different interests of investors, users, design, installation, operation and maintenance personnel are integrated. In other words, the relationship among the lasting design, favorable environment and beneficiaries must be balanced and interactive, and hence the optimal greening effect can be accomplished. From this point of view, the green building can balance and coordinate the different needs and energy dependences between the internal and external environments and the users, and hence the buildings and the environments can be melted together naturally. In this paper, the author studies the whole process of integrating the "green building" into residence districts by the Yushan Huafu Home Community for example.
The Significance of Reservoir Quality to Successful Fluid Sampling Operation in Niger Delta
Authors: Ma Qiang , Sunday Sam Udoh , Akpan Victor Sebastian
Published: January 2012

Reservoir fluid sampling is the acquisition of subsurface fluid from within the wellbore at actual reservoir conditions using bottom hole sampling tools and techniques. Its main objective is to obtain some representative fluid sample of the reservoir to determine the PVT properties, reservoir potential, fluid type and composition needed for prompt field development campaigns. Experience have shown failure rates of fluid sampling in the Niger Delta is in the region of 20% or more, which result to the loss of vital well information and increased well cost especially in the small and medium fields, and some offshore drilling campaigns.
Current Situation of Energy Conservation in Taiwanese Textile Industry
Authors: Hong Gui Bing , Ma Chih Ming , Chuang Kai Jen , Chang Chang Tang
Published: January 2012

Since Taiwan lacks self-produced energy, and is 98 percent reliant on imports for its primary energy. Increasing energy efficiency and energy savings are an essential part of Taiwan’s energy policy. This work summarized the energy saving potential of the Taiwanese textile industry from the on-line Energy Declare System in 2008. It was found that the total potential energy savings was thus 64,034 KL of crude oil equivalent (KLOE). The energy saving potential identified was 94,614MWh of electricity, 24,536 kiloliters of fuel oil, and 23,722 tons of fuel coal. It represented a reduction of 192,353 tons in carbon dioxide emissions.
Designing Fire Scenarios for Subway Stations and Tunnels Based on Regional Approach
Authors: Shoaei Mozhdeh , Maddahin R. , Afshin H. , Farhanie B.
Published: January 2012

Development of cities as well as population growth causes to development of public transportation especially subway lines. The high capacity besides the high speed in transportation makes them the popular transportation system. Fire is the one of the most important issues that may occur in subways. The difference in flame size, emissionheat, smoke and pollutants generation of subway fires attracts an especial attention of fire investigators. The emergency ventilation of subways in the case of fire should have the ability of discharging heat, smoke and pollutants from passenger escape route and preparing a safe place for a specific duration. The optimal performance of emergency ventilation system has a close relation with fire scenarios. In this research the fire scenarios of Tehran subway are designed based on regional approach. In order to show the performance of ventilation systems in emergency mode, the fire scenarios are simulated using computational fluid dynamics. Simulations are conducted for steady and unsteady modes. In transient simulations, a fast t2 growth curve is used for the heat and smoke release rate. Simulation results show that new regional scenarios could provide safe escape routes to evacuate passengers during the fire.
Optimized Formula with Linear Programming Model for Anticancer Production of Marine Fungus
Authors: Wang Tian , Wang Lin , Tian Li
Published: January 2012

In order to promote the yield of anticancer chemical compound PJ157 of marine YUP08 strain, the Linear Programming model (LP model) was used to optimize four components of medium for the strain. The primary culture medium consists of glucose, peptone, yeast and NaCl, which were possessory worked on growing and metabolism of the fungus. Contribution rate from data was built to manage complex effects for produce PJ157. It is forecast that the yield of PJ157 could be increased to 0.21735 mg/L which was great more than 0.04 mg/L in the before. Therefore the LP model could be used for fermentation optimization of microorganism.
Sustainable Cotton Dyeing
Authors: Hauser Peter J.
Published: January 2012

Conventional methods of dyeing cotton with direct and fiber reactive dyes involve large amounts of water and salt and generate significant amounts of highly colored effluent that is difficult to treat in waste water treatment facilities. Cationization of cotton with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride allows dyeing with direct and fiber reactive dyes with less water and energy usage as well as the eliminating the need for salt. This paper summarizes work to date on the benefits of using cationized cotton.
Reaction of a Heterobifunctional Reactive Dye (C.I. Reactive Red 195) with Amino Groups and Phenol Groups
Authors: Shao Min , Shao Jian Zhong , Li Ping , Ding Yan
Published: January 2012

The reaction behaviors of a heterobifunctional MCT/VS reactive dyes with amino groups and phenol groups were investigated at pH 7-10 and temperature 50-90 °C by means of high performance liquid chromatography. Optimum reaction conditions for MCT/VS reactive dye and amino/phenol groups were obtained at 60-80 °C and pH 8-9. As amino groups and phenol groups reacted with MCT/VS reactive dye individually, amino groups preferred to bond with VS groups but phenol groups preferred to MCT groups. As amino groups and phenol groups coexisted in the MCT/VS reactive dye solution, there was a main reaction product originated from the MCT/VS reactive dye molecule bonding with phenol groups by its MCT groups and bonding with amino groups by VS groups respectively.
Preparation of Organic Pigment Microcapsules and its Application in Pigment Printing of Silk Fabric
Authors: She Feng Yu , Qi Dong Ming , Chen Zhi Jie , Shao Jian Zhong , Yang Lei
Published: January 2012

A series of submicron organic pigment microcapsules with high pigment encapsulating efficiency and narrow particles size distribution was prepared via in-situ miniemulsion polymerization. The self-adhesive pigment microcapsules were applied to pigment printing of silk fabrics. It was found from printing qualities that, the K/S value, handle, dry and wet rubbing fastness of silk fabrics printed by pigment microcapsules were much better than those printed by traditional pigment paste. The TEM observation of the printed fabrics further indicated that the presence of adhesive polymeric layer on the pigment particles can remarkably improve the dispersion of pigment particles on fabric surface and the adhesion between pigment particles and the target fabric.
Fading of Silk Fabric Dyed with Phellodendron
Authors: Zhao Feng , Hu Zhi Wen , Zhang Dian Bo , Peng Zhi Qin , Qin Dong Yi
Published: January 2012

Commercial silk habotai was dyed with phellodendron according to Chinese traditional dyeing method. After dyeing, the samples were quickly aged under ultraviolet lights in order to simulate the light fastness ageing of silk cultural relics during exhibition in museum. The results showed that discontinuous aging and continuous ageing resulted in different effects on the samples. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the changes happened under different aging treatments and to explain the reason of the poor light fastness of the silk fabrics dyed with phellodendron.
Present State of Inkjet Printing Technology for Textile
Authors: Abe Takao
Published: January 2012

nkjet printing technology can produce beautiful images not only on plain paper, but also on various kinds of printing media including a piece of cloth. Some Japanese companies have already stepped into the textile inkjet printer market, but making a profit is not easy so long as we look upon the inkjet printing technology as an alternative means of textile dyeing. Cost reduction is necessary as a whole for the inkjet printing systems to come into wide use in the textile dyeing industry. This paper describes current textile inkjet printing technology.
The Durability of Flame Retardant and Thermal Protective Cotton Fabrics during Domestic Laundering
Authors: Chen Wei Bang , Wan Ying Ying , Que Fei , Ding Xue Mei
Published: January 2012

Flame retardant fabrics have been broadly used for protective clothing, which have strictly requirements on both flame retardancy and thermal protection. Usually, domestic laundering will be carried out frequently to clean these protective garments. However, little research on the performance durability of this type of fabrics after domestic laundering has been reported. This paper selected fabrics of 8 types of cotton and its blend fibers, which were treated with flame retardants Pyrovatex CP, Proban, CFR-201, SCJ-968 respectively. The damaged length, after flame time, after glow time, TPP value, thermal resistance value, weight, thickness, air permeability and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the samples were measured before and after 15 cycles domestic laundering cycles. Results show that the flame retardancy of the 8 fabrics reduce with launderings as measured by the increase in damaged length and after glow time. The TPP increase probably resulted from the increase in the thickness and thermal resistance of the finished fabrics. Domestic laundering resulted in only a slight change in the comfort properties of the fabrics.
The Fabric Finishing Giving Fabric Mint Cool Feel and Fresh Smell
Authors: Jin Zi Min , Cai Yun Lei , Tao Jian Wei , Lin Min Bo
Published: January 2012

Applying microencapsulation technology which takes menthol and other ingredients as the core material to fabric finishing could give fabrics mint cool feel. And the fabrics treated by finishing agent using β-cyclodextrin as the main component could adsorb odor and emit a faint scent. The test results showed that the fabrics treated by mint cool feel finishing have obvious mints smell and good aroma retaining effect. Compared with the unfinished fabrics, the fabrics treated by the fresh finishing have remarkable anti-odor effect, even after 20 times washing.
Finishing Process of Modified Nano TiO2 Photocatalyst on Cotton
Authors: Wang Li Ming , Ding Ying , Shen Yong , Cai Zai Sheng
Published: January 2012

A series of modified nanoTiO2 photocatalysts, nanoPC, was applied to cotton fabrics through a pad-dry-cure process. The effect of nanoPC dosage, the ratio of nanoPC to crosslinking agent, and curing conditions on the degradation of formaldehyde were discussed. The optimal finishing process of cotton fabric with nanoPC was determined as follows: 1%~1.5% photocatalyst, curing at 130°C for 5 minutes. Cotton fabric treated with the above process demonstrated over 90% degradation of formaldehyde, good washing fastness and soft handle, as well as little loss in breaking strength, tearing strength and polymerization degree.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Methoxy-Dimethylbenzene and its Application in Gasoline
Authors: Chen Feng Tao , Yu San Chuan , Zhang Shi Shen
Published: January 2012

P, Mo metal-salt catalysts (MxOy-MoO3-P2O5,M = Cu, V, Ni, Cr) were prepared and investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All catalysts exhibited good catalytic activity for the electrochemical catalytic oxidation ofp-xylene in methanol solvent assisted with a pair of porous graphite plane electrodes at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Higher than 88% chemical conversion of the main product (methoxy-dimethylbenzene) was observed, and the products used as booster to improve fuel combustion were also studied.
A Novel Procedure for the Synthesis of 1,2:5,6-di-O-Isopropylidene-D-Glucofranose by Ultrasound
Authors: Tang Yan Feng , Zhu Xue Sheng , Zhu Jin Li , Wu Jin Ming , Zhao Hong Kun
Published: January 2012

In the paper, synthesis of 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofranose (DAG) assisted by ultrasound were performed in the presence of ferric chloride as catalyst. The effects of some reaction parameters (e.g. power and frequency of ultrasound, reaction temperature, mass ratio of the reactant) on the yield were investigated. It was found that the reaction is greatly accelerated by the ultrasound in comparison to the control runs under mechanical stirring. The optimal ultrasound output power and frequency were found to be 200 W and 24 kHz at 40 °C with a 1:30 mass ratio of glucose to acetone. Under these optimal conditions, the yield of DAG reached 75.8%.
Research on the Mechanism of a Novel Si/P Flame Retardant
Authors: Wang Ran , Wang Xiao Chun
Published: January 2012

A novel Si/P flame retardant was prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Cotton fabric treated with the flame retardant was characterized by cone calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the fabric treated with TEOS/H3PO4 are lower than those of the fabric treated with TEOS or H3PO4 alone. The HRR and THR of the treated fabric decrease from 145.66 kW/m2 and 1.68 MJ/m2 to 70.76 kW/m2 and 0.67 MJ/m2, respectively. Total smoke production decreases from 0.080 to 0.014 m2/m2. TGA revealed that cellulose dehydration increases at low temperatures because of the addition of phosphoric acid and the production of charcoal. The generated charcoal is dense. The P and Si contents markedly increase, and exist in the charcoal in the form of P-O-C and Si-O bonds, respectively. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the main mechanism of TEOS/H3PO4 is that of a condensed-phase flame retardant. Good flame retardant synergism occurs between TEOS and H3PO4.
Influence of the Hydrophile-Lipophile Property of Cross-Linker on the Properties of Acrylate Latex and its Film
Authors: Wu Ming Hua , Dong Jian Peng , Qi Dong Ming , Qian Chong , Jiang Xin
Published: January 2012

A series of acrylate latexes for pigment printing binder were prepared by semi-continuous pre-emulsifying emulsion polymerization, using lipophilic glycidyl meth-acrylate (GMA), ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate (EGDMA) and hydrophilic HA (containing hydroxyl, acylamino), N-methylol acrylamide (NMA) as cross-linking monomer. The influences of cross-linker type on the particle size, viscosity and film-forming rate of latex, cross-linking degree and tensile properties of latex film were studied. It was found that the latex particle size, viscosity and film-forming rate were closely related with the hydrophile-lipophile property of cross linkers. The acrylate latex synthesized with hydrophilic cross-linkers always exhibits the characteristics of larger particle size, lower film-forming rate, higher viscosity and pseudoplastic fluid. The cross-linking degree and tensile properties of latex film generally depend on the crosslinking groups of cross-linkers and their reactivity.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes Using TiO2-Supported Diatomite
Authors: Lin Jun Xiong , Wang Lan , Sun Chong
Published: January 2012

TiO2/Diatomite composite photocatalysts with different TiO2 content were prepared by sol-gel technology. Their structures were characterized by XRD and FTIR analysis, and their photocatalytic performance was examined by decolorizing of two dyes and one real textile wastewater. The influencing factors on the photocatalytic performance were also discussed under different dye concentrations and pH values. The results showed that the optimum preparation process is that the content of TiO2 in the composite photocatalysts is 37.5% and the calcined condition is at 500 °C for 1 hour. Moreover, the dye removal of 200mg/L Rhodamine B by the TiO2-supported diatomite was about 76.9%, and the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal of one textile wastewater was 60.9%. This composite catalyst exhibited high photocatalytic activity for the removal of dyes selected as model pollutant in aqueous solution.
Application of Modified Chitosan for Treatment of Silk Degumming Wastewater
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Lan , Lin Jun Xiong , Ni Duan
Published: January 2012

Chitosan was modified by 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (ETA) to prepare 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) with good water-solubility. The optimum process of modification was studied. Then the HACC was used as coagulant to treat silk degumming wastewater and recycle sericin. The result showed that the HACC with over 90% degree of substitution had high performance for treating the wastewater, which could be prepared by controlling the reaction temperature at 70°C, molar ratio of ETA to chitosan at 3:1, reaction time for 8 hours and pH at 8. When it was used to treat the degumming wastewater, the optimum treating process was 8 for pH value and 1 g/L of coagulant.
Stereovision for 3D Measurements of Fabric Pilling
Authors: Xu Bu Gao
Published: January 2012

This paper introduces a 3D imaging system designed for objective evaluation of fabric pilling. The system was aimed at using a pair of regular digital cameras to capture two side-by-side images of a pilling fabric without special lighting, and the robust calibration and stereo-matching algorithms to reconstruct high-fidelity 3D surfaces of fabric. The depth data provides the most relevant information for pilling segmentation and measurements. The outcome of the surface reconstruction is independent of fabric structures, colors and fiber contents. 3D measurements are useful for understanding pilling mechanisms in different abrasive treatments.
Alkaline Hydrolysis of Polyester in the Presence of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Dong Zhao Qin , Chen Guo Qiang
Published: January 2012

The alkaline hydrolysis of polyester fabric in NaOH solution in the presence of several 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromine ionic liquids (ILs), CnMImBr (n=8, 12, 14, 16) was examined in comparison to the use of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as an accelerant. The weight loss of polyester fabric was found to be greatly dependent on the concentrations of ILs and the length of alkyl groups in ILs. C14MImBr and C16MImBr exhibited good catalytic actions. The use of C16MImBr as an accelerator could endow polyester fabrics with slightly higher weight loss in comparison with CTAB. In the presence of C16MImBr, the activation energy of polyester hydrolysis reaction was slightly higher than that for the use of C14MImBr as a catalyst. In summary, the CnMImBr with long carbon chain can be employed as the novel accelerator for the weight reduction process of polyester fabrics.
Alkali Resistance of the Silk/PLA Mixture
Authors: Liu Kai Qiang , Tang Hui , Rui Yan Nian , Chen Guo Qiang
Published: January 2012

As a new textile material, silk/PLA mixture combines the outstanding characteristics of silk and PLA fibers, but this mixture is subjected to some problems owing to the poor alkali resistance of PLA fiber during the pretreatment and reactive dyeing processes. In the present work, the alkali resistance of silk/PLA mixture was tested with three alkalis, namely sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. It was found that silk component was less influenced by sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, whereas PLA component was more or less influenced by three alkalis. Silk/PLA mixture showed low weight loss after sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate treatment, but had very high weight loss after sodium hydroxide treatment. 10 g/L sodium carbonate and 3 g/L sodium hydroxide resulted in the obvious changes in the morphological structure of PLA. After the alkaline treatment, the IR spectra of PLA treated with 3 g/L alkali displayed great variations, and the intensity of the peak at 3429.3 cm-1 increased with the strength of alkalis, showing that the partially hydrolysis of PLA occurred.
A Powerful Nonlinear Optical Technique to Characterize Surfaces and Interfaces Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Lu Xiao Lin , Chen Zhan , Wang Xin Ping
Published: January 2012

In the last two decades, a nonlinear optical technique - sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was developed into a powerful characterization method to probe the molecular structures of various surfaces and interfaces in situ. In this paper, we gave a general introduction of the SFG theory and two case studies to demonstrate the power of the SFG spectroscopy.
Characterization Method for Shape Factor of the Hollow-Triangle Fiber
Authors: Zhang Shun Hua , Wu Hai Xia , Zhang Li Na , Liu Xiao Xiao
Published: January 2012

The hollow-triangle fiber is a novel profiled fiber. Its cross-sectional shape and shape factor index were obtained by a microcomputer image acquisition system, with a polarization capability and image analysis software. The shape factors of the fiber, such as shape factor in radius, shape factor in cross-section, branch factor and volume content were tested. The cross-section shape of cross-hollow fiber was compared with that of the hollow fiber. After that, a novel method about equivalent diameter was proposed to evaluate the characteristic shape coefficient. The method possesses many merits such as rapid, simple, accurate, convenient and thus being of great practical value.
Study on the Terahertz Time Domain Spectrum of P-Chloroaniline
Authors: Chen Si , Yan Chao , Luo Bin , Yang Bin
Published: January 2012

P-chloroaniline is one of the most important azo dye intermediates. It is a highly desired research on the identification of P-chloroaniline. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is sensitive to the molecule structure of compound. In this paper, the spectra of P-chloroaniline located at the region from 0.1 to 3 THz were tested by THz-TDS system, and then the geometry structure of p-chloroaniline at the range of 0 THz to 10 THz was optimized, resonance frequency was calculated by Gussian03 software based on the density functional theory (DFT). The results showed that the absorbance peaks at 1.96 THz and 2.20 THz were caused by the hydrogen bonding force or crystal phonon mode, and suggested that it is feasible to identify P-chloroaniline by THz-TDS, which is of great value to the examination of banned azo dyes in the future.
Dyeing Silk with Tea Polyphenol
Authors: Qian Hong Fei , Zhu Ping , Bai Gang , Liu Yan Chun
Published: January 2012

Tea polyphenol (TP) was used to dye silk by the post-mordanting method using three different metal salts as the mordant; ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate and potassium aluminum sulfate. The results were analyzed in terms of color strength (K/S value) and fastness characteristics as well as the influence of variables such as dyeing time, temperature and pH on the color depth of the dyed sample. A weak acid medium and a low dyeing temperature were found to be optimal for adsorption of TP when dyeing silk with TP. Comparing the color shade of dyed silk obtained with different metal salts as the mordant showed that ferrous sulfate gave the highest K/S value followed by copper and then aluminum. During the soaping colorfastness test, a relatively large color change was associated with increased color strength as well as non-staining of adjacent fibers.
The Multi-Component Jaulent-Miodek Hierarchy and its Multi-Component Integrable Coupling System with Two Arbitrary Functions
Authors: Ge Jian Ya , Xia Tie Cheng
Published: January 2012

We devise a new simple loop algebra GM and an isospectral problem. By making use of Tu scheme, the multi-component Jaulent-Miodek (JM) hierarchy is obtained. Furthermore, an expanding loop algebra FM of the loop algebra GM is presented. Based on FM the multi-component integrable couplings system with two arbitrary functions of the multi-component Jaulent-Miodek (JM) hierarchy are worked out. The method can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations hierarchies.
Study on Fouling of Nanofiltration Membranes when Treating the MBR Effluent
Authors: Zhang Xiu Tao , Sun Kai
Published: January 2012

The source of water in this paper is the effluent of MBR. The pressure of nanofiltration system was monitored during the conditioning phase to check the fouling of nanofiltration membrane. The morphology and distribution of polluants on the membrane surface were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with additionalenergy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis. Then analyzes the main causes of membrane fouling. And the result of SEM and EDS about membrane showed that, the major foulants of membrane include organic substances and silicon dioxide. And there may be some inorganic substances, which contained magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca). Thought cleaning experiments with HCl, STPP (Sodium tripolyphosphate, Na5P3O10) + Na-DDBS (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, C6H5(CH2)12-SO3Na) about fouled membrane, cleaning efficiency is up to 87%.
Improved Resistivity of GaN with Partially Mg-Doped Grown on Si(111) Substrates by MOCVD
Authors: Wang Yong , Yu Nai Sen , Li Ming , Lau Kei May
Published: January 2012

The continuous 1.0 µm GaN epilayers with and without partially Mg-doped were grown on Si (111) substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The DC current-voltage (I-V), time-of-flying secondary ion mass spectrometer (ToF-SIMS) and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements were employed for comparison to characterize surface morphology and resistivity of GaN buffer layer with and without partially Mg-doped. The sample of 1.0 µm GaN epilayer with partially Mg-doped shows much higher resistivity than sample without Mg-doped, which indicates the partially Mg doping in 1.0 µm GaN epilayer can effectively increase the resistivity of GaN grown on Si (111) substrates. As a result, the high resistivity GaN buffer layer with good surface morphology is achieved in the partially Mg-doped GaN buffer layer.
The Research of Construction Project Risk Management Based on Monte Carlo Method and Fuzzy Mathematics
Authors: Xu Si Dong , Cai Xiao Li , Liu Wei
Published: January 2012

A lot of risks of management occur under the process of the construction project, and it will always bring more tremendous negative influence to the project goal. Therefore, there should have the effective risk method for the project superintendent to forecast the risk occurrence and reduce the loss which the risk brings. There are lots of methods about risks management under the process of the construction project at present and most of the method emphasize particularly on qualitative analysis. This article presents a method which base on the knowledge of Monte Carlo Simulation. It will combine the qualitative analysis and quantitative research and puts forward a new solution.
Research on Inorganic Medical Capsule Derived from Novel Emulsion Route
Authors: Xu Yue Ping , Yu Xiao Ming , Ji Yang , Zhang Ning , Hong Yang , Yang Hua Zhe
Published: January 2012

Hydrochloric acid was directly adopted as water phase and catalyst to prepare the silica shell, hexane and Span 80 were respectively adopted as oil phase and emulsifier to prepare water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. TEOS was adopted as the silica source, then the silica shell can be obtained through the sol-gel route at the interface of emulsion. The SiO2 inorganic medical capsule was obtained, and the morphology of samples experience from irregular to regular with the increase of both water phase and stirring rate. Stability of emulsion can greatly affect the morphology of capsule. Control of ratio of water phase to oil phase is vital to the formation of SiO2 inorganic medical capsule. Furthermore, schematic transformation model of emulsion droplet under different conditions was proposed.
Research of Machine Vision Based Recognition of Burning through Point of Sintering
Authors: Chen Zhi Kun , Wang Ying , Wang Yu Tian , Li Yi
Published: January 2012

The accurate prediction and control of burning through point are the keys of improving the quantity and quality of sinter. The position of burning through point can be determined by identifying the flame image features of the tail through the sinter. How to effectively segment the image of the flame is the key to identify the characteristics of the flame. By using the approach of the c-means clustering flame image segmentation based on particle-pair optimizer, the flame image of the sintering machine plant-tail section will be segmented in this paper. Frequently, the standard c-means clustering algorithm may easily immerse in partial minimum and slow converging speed. However, this new calculation method can overcome these shortcomings. Besides, the results of the experiment also show that this method has many other advantages, such as effectively removing the halo of the sintering machine plant-tail section, high segmenting speed and obvious segmenting effects. This approach will lay a good foundation for the extraction and identification of image features in the following stages.
The Application of Computer Design Tools in Building and HVAC System Design
Authors: Chen Xiao Wei , Tian Bin
Published: January 2012

Designers are being increasingly pressurised to design buildings with high standards of energy e1ciency, performance and comfort. Computers are seen as an important modern design tool that can help lighten some of the designers' burdens. A myriad of computer applications already exists, ranging from complex 4nite-element applications to simple electronic nomographs. New development in this 4eld tends to be in the areas of integrated building design and knowledge-based systems.Researchers and scientists can develop tools with the potential to greatly enhance the quality of buildings. These tools will however fail if they are not widely accepted and used by designers. Only a few building designers currently exploit the full potential of computer design tools. The general use of computers seems to be restricted to CAD and steady state calculations. This can mainly be attributed to the complexity of, and time required for using the existing tools.
Dynamic Simulation of the Boron Isotopes Separation by Chemical Exchange Method
Authors: Cui Jin , Zhang Wei Jiang , Miao Feng Hai
Published: January 2012

Abstract The enrichment ratio of 10B in the top and bottom component with the dynamic change of feed fluctuation and periodic wave on the separation process of the boron isotopes separation by chemical exchange method had been studied and a dynamic model was set up. The results indicate that when the feed amount is in the column load limit, the dynamic responses of top and bottom separation plate match well with the condition when feed flow rate is invariable. While when the exchange column is overloaded, the feed flow rate variation influences 10B abundance ratio greatly. With the increasing of the fluctuation period, the longer the wave period, the bigger the amplitude around the average line in top product. However, big increase of feed fluctuation will reduce the 10B abundance ratio of bottom product.
Teaching Reform of General Chemistry in Independent College
Authors: Wang Xiao Yan , Kan Xin Rong , Zhang Li Fang , Bai Rui Ying
Published: January 2012

The paper analyzed some problems of general chemistry teaching in independent college, and pointed that teaching reform should be carried out according to the independent college training goal. Teaching plans should be worked out according to training goal, teaching methods should be reformed, experimental course should be enhanced, general chemistry course should combine with professional feature, contact of the theory and practic should be payed great attention. Through the teaching reform, the general chemistry teaching level of independent college can be enhanced practically.