bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filosofie a filosofie (společenských) věd?
Authors: Paleček Martin
Published: April 2024

Je-li nějaký filozof dotázán známými či přáteli na to, čím se profesně zabývá, a odpoví-li po pravdě, často se rozhostí rozpačité ticho. Je sice mnoho oborů, o kterých má laická veřejnost – použijeme-li tento výraz – jen mlhavou představu, avšak snad žádná disciplína nepůsobí tak vágně, jako filozofie. Domnívám se, že důvodem je to, že pojem filozofie skutečně vágní je a že pod pojmem filozofie často rozumíme natolik odlišné činnosti a přístupy, že zahrnout je pod společný pojem lze jen velmi těžko. Ve svém příspěvku se nejprve pokusím naznačit, v čem je starší chápání filozofie jako činnosti blízké svou povahou vědě nadále užitečné, a pokusím se obhájit úzké pojetí filozofie jako filozofie vědy a zejména společenských věd. Tím nemám na mysli vytváření nových vědeckých pojetí, ale užitečné vyjasňování hraničních a problematických otázek, se kterými se věda potýká.
Kdo je to filozof jazyka (a jak ho rozeznáme od lingvisty)?
Authors: Nagy Marek
Published: April 2024

Příspěvek se zaměřuje na otázky týkající se statusu filozofie na počátku 21. století – její pozice v oblasti lidského poznání a vymezení jejího vztahu ke speciálněvědním oborům. Akcentuje a mapuje ten rozměr filozofie 20. století, který se obrátil k jazyku a inicioval a formuloval debaty o vědní metodologii a o úloze filozofie při stanovování základů vědeckého poznání (tj. jeho filozofického fundamentu). Modelovým příkladem uvedených otázek bude v příspěvku analýza vývoje vztahu mezi tzv. analytickou filozofií jazyka a lingvistikou: bude stručně vymezena jejich (vzájemná) pozice v procesu poznávání lidského jazyka a řeči a zkoumány možnosti stanovení hranice mezi těmito dvěma přístupy. Zároveň bude charakterizována povaha jejich nepochybných kontaktů a budou diskutovány důvody těchto procesů. V souhlasu s Lakoffovou tezí, že „na filosofii záleží také v akademickém světě, protože pojmové rámce, na nichž jsou založeny celé akademické disciplíny, mají obvykle své kořeny ve filosofii a […] zcela jistě to platí i v [...] lingvistice,“ poukážeme na historicky danou (explicitní či implicitní) filozofickou fundaci lingvistických teorií a nastolíme otázku, co činí tuto fundaci fundací filozofickou, co ji činí předmětem filozofie a co tedy v posledku znamená věnovat se filozofii jazyka (ve vztahu k lingvistickému zkoumání téhož předmětu). Podrobíme analýze hypotetickou odpověď na výše uvedené otázky – do jaké míry představuje filozofii jazyka reflexe/tematizace základních předpokladů o předmětu a metodě zkoumání, kterou provádějí lingvisté, do jaké míry je možné filozofii jazyka redukovat na metodologii lingvistiky a co by se nabízelo jako alternativa k této redukci. Na uvedeném základě se pokusíme vymezit prostor pro filozofické zkoumání související s jazykem. Analýza podoby tohoto prostoru by pak měla přinést odpověď na otázku po významu slovního spojení „specificky filozofický přístup a přínos“.
Lakatos vs. Popper (Lakatos vs. Popper)
Authors: Taliga Miloš
Published: April 2024

Cieľom tohto článku nie je, primárne, rozobrať Popperovu teóriu vedy, ale 1. predstaviť Lakatosove námietky proti tejto teórii; 2. kriticky ich analyzovať z hľadiska Popperovej teórie; a 3. vysvetliť, prečo justifikacionista Lakatos nemohol oceniť Popperov skepticizmus.
Filosofické poradenství, vzkvétající živnost
Authors: Peregrin Jaroslav
Published: April 2024

Někteří filosofové napřeli své úsilí do sektoru služeb.
Pojem nesouměřitelnosti ve společenských vědách. Kulturní relativizmus a idea nesouměřitelnosti
Authors: Paleček Martin
Published: April 2024

Některé ze společenských věd spojuje myšlenka „tichého relativizmu“. Podíváme-li se totiž pozorně na práce kulturních antropologů a historiků, zjistíme, že ačkoli by váhali veřejně si to přiznat, prakticky sdílejí představu o odlišných, na sebe nepřevoditelných, pojmových schématech. To z nich činí podezřelé z relativizmu. Sdílejí také ideu, že pro toto přesvědčení – přes všechny námitky filozofů – nalézají dostatek empirických podkladů. Ve svém příspěvku vysvětlím pozadí tohoto přesvědčení. Vysvětlím, proč je pro něj klíčová myšlenka nesouměřitelnosti, a pokusím se zvážit, zda Davidsonova základní námitka o „přeložitelnosti“ je dostatečně pevná pro to, abychom mohli odmítnout myšlenku nesouměřitelnosti jednou pro vždy. Uvedu příklady podporující podezření, že tzv. empirická zjištění podporující kulturní relativizmus většinou obsahují metodologické či pojmové nepřesnosti či chyby.   Some social scientists share the ideology of cultural relativism. This is not to say that they overly subscribe to it, the commitment to it is rather implicit to their attitudes. That is, if we take a closer look at the works of many sociologists, anthropologists and historians, we can clearly discern relativistic patterns. They also share the idea that their approach, involving the relativism, has strong empirical foundations – despite objections of many philosophers. In my article, I am going to explain the motivation for such a cultural relativism. I will claim that that the key underlying idea is that of a certain kind of incommensurability. That is mean that the idea of relativism stay and fall with the idea of incommensurability.I will discuss whether the Davidsonian approach to relativism via the problem of translability is viable. I will claim that without the possible existence of two distinct conceptual schemes or two distinct languages associated with them there is simply no issue of incommensurablity. I will also claim that most of the socalled empirical proofs of cultural relativism are based on conceptual or methodological confusions.
Fikce a skutečnost - je mimesis překonaný konstrukt?
Authors: Kastnerová Martina
Published: April 2024

Základní otázkou studie je, zda lze koncept mimésis považovat v současné teorii interpretace za udržitelný, přičemž se zaměřuje na kritiku formulovanou na základě dvou argumentů – tj. buďto se odmítá vztah skutečnosti a uměleckého, resp. literárního díla, nebo se tento vztah připouští, ale odmítá se, že by se vyčerpával pouze vztahem prosté nápodoby. Dále se (v komparativním náhledu) zaměřuje na současné koncepce, které pracují s konceptem mimeze jako s interpretačně funkčním. V závěru se tak ukazuje, že předpoklad vztahu mezi fikcí a skutečností lze v současných teoriích interpretace považovat za přijatelný, a koncept mimésis tak nemusí být překonaným konstruktem (byť za určitých podmínek).The main issue of this study is whether the concept of mimésis can be accepted as a defensible one in a contemporary theory of interpretation. It focuses on the criticism based on the following arguments: either any relation between fiction and reality is rejected or it is claimed that the relation cannot be reduced to mimémis. Further the study focuses on the contemporary theories working succesfully with the concept of mimesis as well. So the study shows that the relation between fiction and reality is an acceptable assumption in a contemporary literary theories, so that the concept of mimesis cannot be considered as an overthrown theoretical construct.
Evoluce jako cesta k Bohu v díle Teilharda de Chardin
Authors: Jirousová Františka
Published: April 2024

Záměrem textu je představit pojetí základních zákonů evoluce podle Teilharda de Chardin. Konkrétně popisuje tzv. zákony rekurence pro tři vlastnosti, které v evoluci narůstají, což jsou vědomí, personalita a spontaneita (svoboda). U každé z těchto vlastností je provedena extrapolace do budoucnosti, ukazující možnost jejího cílového stavu. Tento postup se kryje s obsahem Teilhardovy tzv. integrální vědy o úloze člověka v evolučním procesu, protože právě člověk je tím, kdo by měl evoluci dovést k završení. Text také krátce nastiňuje hlavní problém Teilhardova díla: Jak může být evoluce založená na procesu samouspořádávání různých systémů včetně člověka chápána zároveň jako směřující ke sjednocení s Bohem a jako jím usměrňovaná. Hlavním cílem textu je ukázat, jakým způsobem se teilhardovské bádání v současnosti rozvíjí, a upozornit na v českém prostředí neznámou literaturu autorů American Teilhard Association.The paper presents conception of main laws of evolution according to Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. Especially explains the laws of the  recurrence related to three properties, which increase in evolution, i.e consciousness, personality and spontaneity (freedom). Each this property is extrapolated towards the future, showing its possible final state. This method is in accord with contents of Teilhard´s integral science of human task in evolutionary process, because just human is the one, whose duty is to lead evolution to consummation. This paper further briefly mentions the central problem of Teilhard´s work: How can evolution resting upon the process of self-organisation be understood at the same time as leading to unification with God and managed by him. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate the current research of Teilhards work and to point out the in Czech Republic unknown bibliografy of authors in The American Teilhard Association.
O povaze morálních důvodů
Authors: Sobek Tomáš
Published: April 2024

Tento článek analyzuje problém normativity morálky. Argumentuji, že morálka nás normativně omezuje ve veřejném prostoru důvodů. Některá jednání jsou v dané společenské praxi poskytování a požadování morálních důvodů neobhajitelná. Morální zdůvodňování je zdůvodňováním v pojmech obecných principů s ideou férové nestrannosti k zájmům všech dotčených osob. Morální svědomí nemá nezávislý normativní význam. Normativní síla svědomí je odvozená od presumované způsobilosti morálních principů na jeho pozadí být ospravedlněné v (hypoteticky ideálním) veřejném prostoru důvodů.This paper analyses the problem of normativity of morality. I argue that morality restricts us normatively in the public space of reasons. Some actions are indefensible in the social praxis of giving and asking for moral reasons. Moral reasoning is a reasoning in terms of general principles with the idea of fair impartiality to interests of all affected persons. The moral conscience has not an independent normative significance. The normative force of moral conscience is derivatedly related to the presumptive capability of the moral principles in its background to be justified in the (hypothetically ideal) public space of reasons.
Tělo jako mez fenomenologie
Authors: Ritter Martin
Published: April 2024

Studie tematizuje dva fenomenologické přístupy k tělu a poukazuje na jejich slabiny. Větší pozornost je věnována Husserlově výkladu těla v Idejích II: zejména analýzou teorie „lokalizace“ se snažíme ukázat, že Husserl nedoceňuje význam extenzionality těla. Merleau-Pontyho koncepce z Fenomenologie vnímání je poté interpretována jako takový přístup k tělu, v němž je tělo redukováno na neosobní dovednost, resp. mohutnost jednání. Studie dospívá k závěru, že fenomenologie nemůže pojmout tělo jako princip zjevování, jehož konstitutivní působení by dokázala artikulovat analýzou prožívání, nýbrž spíše je musí respektovat jako „sféru“ nezjevnosti, která se v prožívání a zjevování projevuje autonomním způsobem.The study interprets two phenomenological approaches to the body and underlines their weak points. More attention is dedicated to Husserl’s explication of the body in Ideas II: particularly on the basis of his theory of “localization“ we try to show that Husserl underestimates the extensionality of the body. Merleau-Ponty’s concept in Phenomenology of Perception is then interpreted as such an approach to the body that reduces it to an impersonal skill of our (bodily) actions. Our conclusion is that phenomenology cannot conceive the body as a principle of appearing, the constitutive role of which it might articulate through an analysis of experience, but instead it should respect it as an “area“ of the un-apparent that manifests itself autonomously in experience.
Brentanův konceptualismus, Husserlův realismus
Authors: Janoušek Hynek
Published: April 2024

Smyslem článku je představit a kriticky k sobě vztáhnout Brentanovu a Husserlovu teorii abstrakce, jak je obsažena v jeho Logických zkoumáních, a z ní vycházející konceptualistické a realistické teorie obecnosti. Nejprve vycházím z rozboru Brentanova konceptualismu, a to zejména vzhledem k některým historickým inspiracím jeho teorie, jako dva možné zdroje jsem vybral Aristotelský konceptualismus a novověkou konceptualistickou pozici školy z Port-Royal. Následně se věnuji Husserlově kritice nominalismu a z ní plynoucí teorie názoru obecných entit. Zasazuji tuto nauku do všeobecnější nauky o formách intencionality vědomí obecnosti v Logických zkoumáních a ukazuji, že tato nauka je nedořešená a ponechává mnoho k projasnění. Následně se vracím k Brentanovi a ukazuji, opět v souvislosti s port-royalskou teorií Antoina Arnaulda, že Brentanův konceptualismus taktéž končí ve slepé uličce.   The goal of the article is to describe and critically asses Brentano's and Husserl's theories of abstraction and their ensuing theories of generality. At the beginning I describe Brentano's Conceptualism with regard to some of its historical sources, especially with regard to Aristotelism and the school of Port-Royal. I then approach Husserl's critique of Nominalism from his Logical Investigations and his theory if general intuition. I try to put the theory of general intuition into the wider context of Husserl's theory of generality in Logical Investigations in order to show a fundamental problem and a certain unclarity of this position. I then go back to Brentano to show, yet again in relation to Antoin Arnaulds theory, that Brentano's conceptualism is not tenable.
Etika techniky podle Hanse Jonase
Authors: Šimek Vojtěch
Published: April 2024

Článek pojednává o filosofickém pozadí, charakteristických rysech a aktuálních podnětech etiky techniky židovského filosofa Hanse Jonase (1903-1993). Cílem autora je pokusit se téma představit a kriticky reflektovat v širším kontextu relevantních německých zdrojů. V první kapitole jsou představena filosofická východiska jonasovské etiky techniky, především epistemologicko-ontologický a antropologický předpoklad moderní techniky, jonasovská interpretace geneze moderní techniky a jejího vztahu k moderní koncepci vědy. Ve druhé kapitole najdeme jonasovskou analýzu technické praxe v podobě jejích pěti specifických vlastností: ambivalence účinků, nutnost použití, globální rozsah a dosah v prostoru a čase, prolomení antropocentrismu a vzbuzování metafyzických otázek. Na začátku třetí kapitoly autor velmi stručně srovnává jonasovský přístup s přístupem španělského filosofa Ortegy y Gasseta, a také s přístupem Günthera Anderse, Martina Heidegerra a Karla Jasperse, tak, aby vynikly charakteristické rysy přístupu jonasovského. Dále autor některé vybrané charakteristické rysy kriticky reflektuje a zabývá se i otázkou aplikace principu předběžné opatrnosti. Třetí kapitolu uzavírá výčet možných aktuálních podnětů jonasovské etiky techniky a formulace etických maxim, které autor navrhuje, vycházeje přitom z pěti uvedených vlastností techniky, přidávaje šestou: utopické tendence. Závěr práce shrnuje dosažené poznatky a prohlubuje autorovu reflexi ze třetí kapitoly. Článek představuje sondu do tématu, které nebylo v českém myšlenkovém prostředí dosud podrobněji zpracováno.
Traumatické vzpomínky a jednání
Authors: Beran Ondřej
Published: April 2024

Článek zkoumá status paměti jako determinanty přítomného lidského jednání na specifickém příkladu posttraumatické stresové poruchy. Snažím se ukázat, že vztah mezi prožitkem zpřítomněným pamětí a jednáním není kauzální a logický, nýbrž že ve světle prožitého traumatu (zprávy o něm) dává přítomné jednání smysl. Struktura této provázanosti je spíše narativní či hermeneutická.
Ensino inclusivo de língua inglesa
Authors: Paiva Larissa Mirelle de Souza , Rocha Simone Maria da , Medeiros Emerson Augusto de
Published: April 2024

Este texto tematiza o ensino inclusivo de língua inglesa. Apresenta uma pesquisa que objetivou pensar, por meio de narrativas (auto) biográficas de docentes, práticas pedagógicas de língua inglesa desenvolvidas com alunos com deficiência de escolas públicas do Município de Caraúbas (RN). O estudo fez uso da abordagem qualitativa e se encorou na pesquisa (auto) biográfica. Como sujeitos da pesquisa, participaram dois docentes que ensinam língua inglesa nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental em duas escolas públicas do referido município. Como técnica para a produção dos dados, utilizou-se de entrevistas reflexivas, creditando as narrativas (auto) biográficas dos docentes. Concluiu-se, entre outros aspectos, que o ensino inclusivo de língua inglesa não se faz de modo desarticulado do trabalho na escola como um todo. É preciso haver o diálogo e ações colaborativas na instituição e em sala de aula para a promoção da inclusão dos estudantes com deficiência na educação escolar.
Control-observador para seguimiento en un robot diferencial de segundo orden
Authors: Castro-Romero Luis Aldair , Garcia-Lozano Hiram Netzahualcoyotl , Santiaguillo-Salinas Jesus , Pérez-Castro Nancy
Published: April 2024

En este trabajo se presenta el diseño de un control con observador de estados para el seguimiento de trayectoria de un robot móvil diferencial. El modelo matemático del robot se construye con base en una extensión cinemática de segundo orden. Las velocidades lineales del modelo extendido no son fácilmente medibles, para lo cual se utiliza un observador de estados. Con el control (linealización entrada/salida) y utilizando los estados observados se garantiza la convergencia a cero del error, entre la trayectoria deseada y los estados. Los resultados teóricos, se validan por medio de una simulación numerica con el software Matlab Simulink.
Diseño y Construcción de un Dispositivo Trazador Controlado Mediante Movimientos de la Cabeza
Authors: Peñaloza-Mendoza Guillermo Rey , Pérez-Silva Ricardo Bladimir , Campos-Hernández Alicia , Flores-Medina Pablo Jonatán
Published: April 2024

La tetraplejia es generada por una lesión medular en la cual se pierde el control y la sensibilidad de las extremidades. Al presentarse este estado de incapacidad física se recomienda el uso de dispositivos de apoyo para obtener mayor autonomía en las actividades cotidianas. Actualmente, la mayoría de los dispositivos se enfocan en mejorar el desplazamiento de la persona dejando de lado actividades recreativa. Este trabajo presenta el diseño y construcción de un dispositivo que permite a la población con tetraplejia la posibilidad de realizar trazos a través de la detección de los movimientos de la cabeza, con el fin de brindar una opción que permite la expresión de manera escrita. La detección de los movimientos de la cabeza del usuario se realiza mediante un acelerómetro con giroscopio cuyos datos son procesados por un microcontrolador que envía la acción por Bluetooth a un robot cartesiano, logrando una comunicación usuario-máquina que permite la expresión escrita a la persona con discapacidad.
Seguimiento de trayectorias para un robot manipulador antropomórfico mediante APF's
Authors: Flores-Murcia Zurisadai , Lara-Solís Daly Yareth , Santiaguillo-Salinas Jesús , Aranda-Bricaire Eduardo
Published: April 2024

En este artículo se presenta un algoritmo de control aplicando la teoría de los campos potenciales atractivos (APF's por sus siglas en inglés) para lograr el seguimiento de trayectorias en un robot manipulador antropomórfico de tres grados de libertad. Se propone un APF junto a su gradiente descendiente para la resolución del problema. Los resultados teóricos se validan numéricamente en Matlab/Simulink utilizando diferentes trayectorias para corroborar la estabilidad del algoritmo.
Estimación de fallas en actuadores de un robot móvil con ruedas mecanum
Authors: Luna-Aguilar Noé Moisés , Gasga-García Pedro , Gómez-Peñate Samuel , López-Estrada Francisco Ronay , Santos-Ruiz Ildeberto
Published: April 2024

En este artículo presenta un observador proporcional integral convexo (PIC) para la estimación de fallas en actuadores en un robot móvil con ruedas mecanum. Mediante la técnica del sector no lineal, se desarrolla un modelo convexo con estructura producto tensor el cual proporciona mayor flexibilidad en la solución de las ganancias del observador. Para las condiciones de estabilidad del error de estimación, se utiliza el método directo de Lyapunov, dando condiciones suficientes a través de un conjunto de desigualdades lineales matriciales (LMIs) que garantizan la convergencia asintótica del estado y fallas estimados al vector de estado y fallas del sistema. Finalmente, se evalúan los resultados a nivel simulación con base al modelo no lineal de un robot móvil con ruedas mecanum.
THE EFFECT OF EARLY MOBILIZATION ON UTERINE INVOLUTION AFTER CESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Isminarti Femmy Dwi , , Jasmawati , Nulhakim Lukman
Published: April 2024

Several factors influence the achievement of Exclusive Breastfeeding, including the presence of mothers experiencing nipple soreness, which consequently leads to discontinuation of breastfeeding; insufficient breast milk flow resulting in a switch to formula milk. One alternative to improve breast milk flow is through the application of Woolwich massage. Woolwich massage therapy is a technique that stimulates breast milk production in nursing mothers. To determine the effect of Woolwich massage on the improvement of breast milk production in postpartum multipara mothers in the postpartum room of Kudungga General Hospital. This study employed a quasi-experimental design, specifically a non-equivalent control group design. The results of this study revealed a significant effect of Woolwich massage on the improvement of breast milk production (p-values of 0.008 and 0.005) with α value of 0.05. The increase in breast milk production can be attributed to the process of milk formation that occurs after stimulation through massage. Contraction of these specialized cells then propels breast milk from the alveoli through the lactiferous ducts to the lactiferous sinuses, where milk is stored. In the first week after childbirth, around 6 out of 10 postpartum mothers commonly experience insufficient breast milk production. Woolwich massage intervention is necessary, with the expectation of enhancing breast milk production in postpartum mothers.
Improving Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Postpartum Mothers Through Hypnobreastfeeding
Authors: Hadijah Siti , , Jasmawati , Nulhakim Lukman
Published: April 2024

Exclusive breast milk is breast milk given to infants from birth for 6 months, without adding from/or replacing other foods and drinks (except medicine, vitamins, and minerals). Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy is the biggest factor that can influence the process of breastfeeding and the success of exclusive breastfeeding. One of the solutions that can help improve breastfeeding self-efficacy is to apply Hypnobreastfeeding. The type of research is quantitative with a pre-experimental research design in the form of a one-group pretest and posttest design, which assesses the effect of Hypnobreastfeeding on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy on postpartum mothers in the postpartum room of RSUD Kudungga. The sampling technique was taken using consecutive sampling of 23 people. Based on the results of data analysis using the Wilcoxon test, a p value of 0.000 was obtained. Thus p = 0.000 is smaller than the error rate used at the α = 0.05 level. Mothers who breastfeed When they have the belief that their milk is lacking and not enough for the baby, then this belief will be embedded in the subconscious, and the mother will experience what she believes. Hypnobreastfeeding can neutralize these negative recordings for reprogramming by incorporating a positive intention or attitude towards self-confidence to be able to provide breast milk to their babies and believe that milk production is sufficient according to the needs of the baby. It can be concluded that Hypnobreastfeeding does affect the breastfeeding self-efficacy for postpartum mothers in the postpartum room at RSUD Kudungga.
DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS AT SEPASO HEALTH CENTER
Authors: Kamariah Margaritha , Lis A.G Andi , Adib Nino
Published: April 2024

Low birth weight (LBW) infants are a serious health issue in Indonesia. LBW is associated with high mortality rates, chronic diseases risks, and growth and developmental disorders in children. This study aims to provide an overview of LBW occurrence at Sepaso Health Center. This research employed a descriptive research design. According to Sumadi (2016), descriptive research aims to provide a description of a situation or event. A case study approach was used in this research design, where information was collected to understand a specific event or problem. The population of this study consisted of individuals with authority regarding the influence of LBW infants at Sepaso Health Center. Purposive sampling technique was utilized for sample selection. Based on the research conducted on 30 mothers with low birth weight (LBW) infants, the findings revealed that 60% of the mothers were at risk due to being below 20 years or above 35 years old, while 40% of the mothers were not at risk with ages between 20-35 years. Parity showed that 30% were nulliparous and 70% were multiparous. Maternal occupation indicated that 40% were employed and 60% were unemployed. Antenatal care (ANC) distribution showed that 40% had frequent ANC visits, while 60% had inadequate ANC visits. Maternal food consumption during pregnancy showed that 27% had good consumption, 67% had sufficient consumption, and 6% had inadequate consumption. These findings can serve as a basis for enhancing attention and care for low birth weight infants at the Sepaso Health Center. It is expected that this study can contribute to the efforts in improving the health of low birth weight infants in the region.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POSYANDU CADRE EMPOWERMENT IN ENHANCING POSYANDU CADRE'S KNOWLEDGE AS A STUNTING PREVENTION EFFORT
Authors: , Rospiati , , Dwi Prihatin Era , , Ega Ersya Urnia
Published: April 2024

Stunting remains a significant nutritional challenge in Indonesia. Posyandu, a community-based healthcare initiative, plays a crucial role in stunting prevention. However, it is essential to empower the posyandu cadres to effectively address this issue. This study aims to assess the impact of empowering posyandu cadres on their knowledge, specifically in preventing stunting. This research employs a quasi-experimental design, utilizing a One-Group pre-posttest approach to evaluate the influence of educational interventions on cadre knowledge. The study population consists of 70 posyandu cadres within the Kaubun Health Center's working area. The entire population was included as study participants. Data collection involved the use of questionnaires, PowerPoint presentations (PPT), and leaflets. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon test. The statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test yielded a p-value of 0.000, indicating a significant positive effect of education on the knowledge of posyandu cadres regarding stunting. Education has a notable impact on enhancing the knowledge of posyandu cadres in relation to stunting prevention. The assessment of posyandu cadre knowledge revealed an increase in their average scores related to stunting prevention. This improvement is evident in the average scores before and after receiving education, with an increase of 1.98.
EDUCATIONAL PACKAGE TO ADRESS INEFECTIVE BREASTFEEDING IN PRIMIPARAOUS MOTHER
Authors: Sriningsih Iis - , Elisa Elisa , Wagiyo Wagiyo , Kuntari Sri
Published: April 2024

Breastfeeding is the best way for maternal health as well as healthy growth and development of the baby. However, not all postpartum mothers succeed in breastfeeding smoothly. Various problems are encountered by mothers after giving birth related to breastfeeding, such as delayed breast milk production, engorged nipples, flat nipples, and even issues where the baby finds it difficult to latch onto the mother's nipple. One of the solutions for breastfeeding issues is providing an educational package. Objective: The aim of the nursing analysis is to apply an educational package to effectively address breastfeeding problems in postpartum primiparous mothers.Method: The study employs a case study on three primiparous postpartum clients who are facing breastfeeding challenges. The nursing process approach is used along with evidence-based practice. Results: The nursing intervention was conducted through four visits with the three primiparous mothers facing breastfeeding problems. The results showed improvement in their breastfeeding status. However, there was one indicator that was not achieved, which is direct breastfeeding. The educational package includes health education, a pocket-sized booklet, direct guidance on correct breastfeeding and attachment techniques for mothers with flat nipple issues, counseling, oxytocin massage, and Hoffman exercises to address flat or inverted nipple problems. The study concludes that an educational package can be applied effectively to address breastfeeding problems in postpartum primiparous mothers.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SMOKING BEHAVIOUR AND THE BODY MASS INDEX IN RELATION TO THE INCIDENCE OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IN THE ELDERLY, UTILIZING THE WESTERN ONTARIO AND MASTER INDEX
Authors: Abdillah Alvin , Priyanto Agus , Muslimah Dian
Published: April 2024

Osteoarthritis is a progressive condition affecting the joints, where there is an accumulation of cellular stress, breakdown of the extracellular matrix, and gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage. This leads to the bones rubbing against each other, causing pain, stiffness, and impaired mobility. The Kwanyar Community Health Center documented a total of 194 instances of knee osteoarthritis between July and September 2022. The objective of this research is to examine the correlation between body mass index and smoking habits, as well as the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis in older individuals, using the Western Ontario and McMaster index. The study design employs analytics using a cross-sectional methodology. The survey had a total of 86 participants. There were 54 responders from whom samples were obtained. The sample approach employs probability sampling with the Simple Random sample technique. The data collecting method employs a questionnaire form. The statistical analysis employs the Spearman Rank test with a significance level of 0.05. The ethical testing of this study has been conducted by the KEPK STIKes Ngudia Husada Madura team. The study findings indicate that the analysis is conducted using the Spearman Rank statistical test, yielding a significant result (p=0.000) which is lower than the significance level (a=0.05). It may be inferred that there is a correlation between body mass index and smoking habits in connection to the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis in older individuals, as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster index. For the aged, it is advisable to enhance their body mass index and modify their smoking habit as a preventive measure against knee osteoarthritis. The study aims to investigate the correlation between the respondents' understanding of body mass index and smoking habits, and the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis in older individuals.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND STRESS AND THEIR IMPACT ON URIC ACID LEVELS IN OLDER INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Priyanto Agus , Abdillah Alvin , J Luluk Fauziyah
Published: April 2024

The elderly population, who are more susceptible to infection and chronic illnesses, are particularly susceptible to gout. The Pakong Health Center Working Area has a high prevalence of gout among the elderly population. The study examines the relationship between physical activity and stress, with uric acid levels as the dependent variable. The study involved 60 patients with gout, with a sample size of 53. The DASS physical activity questionnaire was used to gather data. The results showed that 77% of participants engaged in moderate physical activity, while almost 40% fell into the moderate stress group. The majority of uric acid levels were elevated, with 36 out of 68% being elevated. The Spearman Rank analysis yielded a p-value of 0.005, indicating a correlation between physical activity and uric acid levels in the elderly. Additionally, a p-value of 0.000, indicating a link between stress levels and gout occurrence, suggests that older individuals should enhance their physical activity and manage their nutrition to lower uric acid levels. Additionally, seniors should reduce stress by improving their religious practices, expressing their concerns, and maintaining a positive mindset.
ASSOCIATION ASSOCIATION OF SHINE AND LAL INDEX β-THALASSEMIA TRAIT SCREENING RESULTS WITH ANAEMIA AND LOW BIRTH WEIGH
Authors: Susanti Susanti , Miftahussurur Muhammad , Husada Dominicus , Ningtyas Woro Setia
Published: April 2024

Beta thalassemia trait are more likely to have anemia which leading to intrauterine hypoxia and adverse uterine conditions. Adverse intrauterine environment has been shown to have a significant impact on the risk of low birth weight. Therefore, this study aims to investigate association between Shine and Lal index β-thalassemia trait screening results with anaemia and lowbirth weight. A retrospective study design was conducted based on medical records of mothers and their infants born in 2022 at a regional hospital, in East Nusa Tenggara. The inclusion criteria were being live birth, singleton births and gestational age >28 weeks. Mothers didn’t have complete records were excluded from study. Analysis uses chi-square test to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables, This study identified 738 eligible samples. The incidence of suspected β-thalassemia trait according Shine and Lal Index was about 42.5%. There is a significant relationship between Shine and Lal β-thalassemia trait screening results with maternal anaemia and no relationship between Shine and Lal index β-thalassemia trait screening results and LBW
Penyuluhan makanan sehat dan bahan tambahan pangan bagi anak sekolah
Authors: Ela Lailaturohmah , Nurhidayah  , Hadi Suprayetno Eko Dian , Suhartini
Published: April 2024

Abstrak

Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan menyajikan penyuluhan interaktif tentang pentingnya makanan sehat dan pemanfaatan bahan tambahan pangan yang tepat bagi 30 anak sekolah. Dalam konteks prevalensi gizi buruk pada anak sekolah, artikel ini merinci metode penyuluhan yang melibatkan pendekatan menarik dan demonstrasi praktis, yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan pengetahuan anak-anak tentang makanan sehat dan pilihan bahan tambahan pangan yang sesuai. Hasil penyuluhan menunjukkan partisipan mengalami kenaikan pemahaman dalam memilih dan mempersiapkan makanan yang seimbang, serta kemampuan yang lebih baik dalam memahami pedoman gizi. Dalam diskusi, disoroti bahwa edukasi semacam ini memiliki peran vital dalam membentuk pola makan yang optimal sejak usia dini, membekali generasi muda dengan pengetahuan yang akan berdampak pada kesehatan jangka panjang. Kesimpulannya, upaya penyuluhan mengenai makanan sehat dan bahan tambahan pangan perlu terus ditingkatkan dan diintegrasikan dalam sistem pendidikan untuk memastikan anak-anak sekolah mampu membuat pilihan makanan yang cerdas demi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang optimal.

Kata kunci: penyuluhan,makanan, anak sekolah
Peningkatan Arus Puncak Ekspirasi Lansia Melalui Metode Buteyko Breathing
Authors: ENNY ENNY VIRDA YUNIARTI , Tri Kurnia Annisa , Rahma Diesta Elok
Published: April 2024

Penuaan menyebabkan banyak perubahan pada proses biologis yang ditandai dengan perubahan yang progresif dan luas yang berkaitan dengan peningkatan kerentanan terhadap berbagai penyakit. Lansia mengalami penurunan fungsi seluruh organ tubuhnya termasuk organ respirasi. Diketahui bahwa lansia mengalami penurunan pada organ tubuhnya, termasuk sistem respirasi, yaitu otot-otot pernafasan kehilangan kekuatan dan menjadi kaku, menurunnya aktivitas dari silia, paru-paru kehilangan elastisitas, menarik nafas dalam lebih berat, serta kapasitas pernafasan maksimal menurun dan kedalaman nafas diketahui bahwa lansia mengalami penurunan pada organ tubuhnya, termasuk sistem respirasi, yaitu otot-otot pernafasan kehilangan kekuatan dan menjadi kaku, menurunnya aktivitas dari silia, paru-paru kehilangan elastisitas, menarik nafas dalam lebih berat, serta kapasitas pernafasan maksimal menurun dan kedalaman nafas. Gangguan sistem respirasi lebih sering menyerang seseorang dengan usia lanjut yang memiliki kebiasaan merokok. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat: Meningkatkan kemampuan lansia dalam optimalisasi fungsi pernafasan dengan peningkatan arus puncak ekspirasi melalui metode buteyko breathing. Tahapan dan metode pelaksanaan: Rancangan kegiatan pemeriksaan arus puncak ekspirasi pre dan post dari buteyko breathing. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada kelompok usia lanjut sejumlah 91 lansia. Instrumen kegiatan berupa alat peak flow meter. Hasil: pemeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata arus puncak ekspirasi sesudah pemberian buteyko breathing adalah 229.12 L/menit dengan standar deviasi yaitu 76.96.
THE EFFECT OF TRANSFER PRICING AND PROFITABILITY ON TAX AVOIDANCE
Authors: Febriani Silvi , Indrayani Lioni
Published: April 2024

This study aims to test and analyze the Effect of Transfer Pricing and Profitability on Tax avoidance. This research includes quantitative research using secondary data obtained from the company's annual report. The population of this study is property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018-2022. A total of 12 companies were selected as samples using the purposive sampling method, and analyzed using panel data regression. This research was processed using eviews 9 software and showed that the results of this study were (1) Transfer Pricing and profitability together have a significant effect on Tax avoidance, (2) Transfer Pricing has no effect on Tax avoidance, and (3) Profitability has a significant effect on Tax avoidance.
Rethinking “Duty”: The City of Toronto, A Stretch of the Humber River and Indigenous-Municipal Relationships
Authors: Anderson Doug , Flynn Alexandra
Published: April 2024

As urban centres are increasingly the predominant sites of human activity, neglect of Indigenous-municipal relationships has far reaching consequences affecting all our lives. This article asks how cities, in their relationships with Indigenous people, can look beyond uncertainty about their existing legal obligations to build relationships that may serve as the basis for subsequent legal agreements. The article focuses on activities led by Indigenous people taking place in an urban park space in Toronto. It examines the municipal government’s response and its more recent approach to relationship building, arguing that recognition of Indigenous law is necessary for an Indigenous-municipal relationship centred on reconciliation.
Rethinking the Instrumental Rationality Principles of Fundamental Justice
Authors: Fehr Colton
Published: April 2024

In Canada (Attorney General) v. Bedford, the Supreme Court of Canada fundamentally altered its approach to proving breaches of the instrumental rationality principles of fundamental justice. In response, commentators have charged that the Supreme Court’s new “individualistic” approach makes it too easy to prove a breach of the principles of fundamental justice. This is mainly a result of the Supreme Court’s expanded understanding of overbreadth, which now requires only that a law apply in an arbitrary manner to a single person. The problem with the Supreme Court’s new approach, however, is not necessarily with individualizing the analysis. Instead, upon revamping the instrumental rationality principles, the Supreme Court neglected to ask a more basic question: does the new conception of each principle still meet the requirements to qualify as a principle of fundamental justice? Although the arbitrariness and gross disproportionality principles are still integral to fundamental justice, I contend that the individualized conception of overbreadth has inadequate societal consensus to qualify as a principle of fundamental justice.
Mental Illness and Professional Regulation: The Duty to Report a Fellow Lawyer to the Law Society
Authors: Martin Andrew Flavelle
Published: April 2024

Lawyers have a largely overlooked duty to report other lawyers to the law society in a range of circumstances. This duty contemplates mental illness, explicitly or implicitly, as a reportable condition and thus engages issues of stigma and discrimination. This article analyzes this reporting duty with a focus on its implications for lawyers with disabilities. The article begins by examining the history and text of the rule and considering several legal problems it presents. It then canvasses law societies’ duties to their members with disabilities under human rights law and analyzes how the duty to report interacts with human rights law. It concludes by making recommendations for law societies, including amendments to the rule containing the reporting duty.
Regulating Reimbursements for Surrogate Mothers
Authors: Carsley Stefanie
Published: April 2024

In Canada, the Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHRA) criminalizes commercial surrogacy while allowing surrogates to be reimbursed for their out-of-pocket expenses and lost work-related income during pregnancy. These reimbursements must take place in accordance with the Reimbursement Related to Assisted Human Reproduction Regulations (Regulations), which were enacted in June 2020. This article explores the history and development of the AHRA and draws on interviews with 26 Canadian fertility lawyers to examine and critique the Regulations. I argue that while the final version of these regulations is more inclusive and flexible than prior drafts, the AHRA may still leave some surrogates in a precarious financial position. In turn, while the Regulations help clarify what is a legal reimbursement, they are unlikely to deter paid surrogacy and may generate new confusion about what is permitted under the AHRA.
The ABCs of EFCs: Eligible Financial Contracts and Energy Company Insolvency Proceedings
Authors: Kvisle Ky , Reid James
Published: April 2024

Canadian insolvency laws provide special treatment for complex financial instruments such as swaps, forwards, and other derivatives referred to as “eligible financial contracts” or “EFCs.” However, this special treatment continues to lead to disputes during insolvency proceedings as to whether various forms of energy trading contracts are properly characterized as EFCs. This article establishes that courts look at the essence of any contract and whether it serves an underlying financial purpose to determine if it can be characterized as an EFC. This article also aims to clarify the scope and limitations of the protections and legal remedies that may be available or unavailable to solvent counterparties to an EFC.
Bankruptcy and Insolvency as an Expanding Field: A Historical Analysis of Reference Re Debt Adjustment Act, 1937 (Alta.)
Authors: Torrie Virginia , Telfer Thomas
Published: April 2024

The drought of the early 1920s and the economic collapse of the 1930s caused unprecedented problems for farmers in Alberta. Low prices and poor markets caused farmers to become overindebted. Parliament’s response to the situation was the Farmers’ Creditors Arrangement Act, 1934 (FCAA), which was intended to create an alternative mechanism to bankruptcy through which farmers could negotiate debt compromises with their creditors. Parliament viewed the situation as a temporary issue, and the FCAA reflected this assumption. In contrast, the prairie provinces sought long-term debt adjustment legislation for farmers and other debtors affected by the Great Depression. In Alberta, two reformist social movements created new legislation to alleviate the debt burden in the province. The United Farmers of Alberta created the first Debt Adjustment Act (DAA) in 1923 to address the issue, which was then modified and expanded in the later 1930s by the new Social Credit government. However, in its attempt to create a robust debt adjustment scheme, the Social Credit government created a regime which overstepped the bounds of provincial jurisdiction. In 1941, Alberta’s DAA was referred to the Supreme Court of Canada where it was decided that the DAA was ultra vires the province as legislation on bankruptcy and insolvency, an area reserved exclusively for the federal government. The decision was upheld by the Privy Council in 1943. This article outlines the historical context of the DAA, the basis for its invalidity, and argues that the impact of the reference decision was the affirmation of a broad construction of the federal bankruptcy and insolvency power.
Mapping the Legal Framework for Oil Sands Development in Alberta
Authors: Nikolaou Nickie
Published: April 2024

Oil sands development in Alberta has become a focal point for a challenging discussion on how to balance global energy demand with critical environmental, climate, and social considerations. This article contributes to the discussion by providing a detailed account of the current legal framework for oil sands development in Alberta. It begins with policy and land-use planning, moves through the mineral and surface rights disposition stages, and then considers the project review, approval, and final reclamation stages. Throughout, it discusses what has changed (and what has not changed) in the legal framework since the last comprehensive review was undertaken in 2007, and underscores important areas of concern moving forward.
Restructuring and Insolvency Deals in the Oil Patch: Recent Trends and Developments
Authors: Simard Chris , Iatridis Kristos , Cameron Keely , Williams Adam
Published: April 2024

Market forces, the pandemic, and regulatory changes in recent years have created bothopportunities and challenges for the energy industry. Insolvencies are being used to shed liabilities, for strategic restructurings, and to minimize the environmental liabilities that would otherwise end up with industry-funded orphan programs. Recent jurisprudence continues to shift this landscape and has left insolvency, particularly in the oil patch, in astate of flux.
This article explores the basics of insolvency in the oil patch, recent developments in the sector, and things practitioners should know moving forward.