bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of endovascular thrombectomy volume and outcomes in acute ischemic stroke: A National Inpatient Sample Study
Authors: Fry Lane , Brake Aaron , Heskett Cody , De Stefano Frank A. , Williams Ari , Majo Nashaat , Lei Catherine , Alkiswani Abdul-Rahman , Le Kevin , Rouse Adam G. , Peterson Jeremy , Ebersole Koji
Published: January 2025

Background

Previous studies suggest a positive relationship between higher hospital endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) volume and improved outcomes. We investigated this association using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 to 2020.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis of the NIS examined the relationship between hospital EVT volume and outcomes. Data on clinical and demographic variables were collected. Outcomes included favorable functional outcome (discharge home without assistance), inpatient mortality, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Hospitals in the top quintile of annual EVT volume were classified as high-volume centers. We conducted univariate, multivariate, nearest neighbor matched analysis, and an exploratory analysis to identify annual EVT volume cutoffs.

Results

Among 114,640 patients with EVT, 24,415 (21.3%) were treated at high-volume centers. High-volume centers had higher rates of favorable functional outcomes in univariate (odds ratio (OR) 1.20, p < 0.001), multivariate (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.19, p = 0.003), and matched analysis (OR 1.14, p = 0.028). Before matching, inpatient mortality was lower in high-volume centers (OR 0.83, p < 0.001), but this difference was not significant in univariate and matched analyses. No differences in ICH were observed. Functional benefit was noted at ≥ 50 EVTs annually, with centers performing  ≥ 175 EVTs showing significantly higher benefits (aOR 1.42, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Increased hospital EVT volume is associated with modestly improved functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Functional improvements are evident at ≥ 50 EVTs annually and increase with higher case volumes, without associated increases in inpatient mortality or ICH.
How to Provide Additional Oversight to Ensure That Remote Patient Monitoring for People With Diabetes is Being Used and Billed Appropriately
Authors: Ho Cindy N. , Ayers Alessandra T. , Ahn David T. , Klonoff David C.
Published: January 2025

An Office of the Inspector General (OIG) report on September 19, 2024, highlighted the need for additional oversight of remote patient monitoring (RPM), which is covered by Medicare. OIG noted that Medicare claims frequently lack crucial information that would facilitate proper oversight. While Medicare has published guidelines for reimbursement according to RPM billing codes, greater clarity is needed to avoid inadvertent improper billing practices. In this article, we discuss potential revisions in Medicare policies for documenting RPM services. Such revisions will result in enhanced accountability and traceability of RPM services and reduce the potential for improper billing. Adherence to clear billing guidelines will ensure appropriate allocation of funds and safeguards the future of RPM services for Medicare beneficiaries who genuinely need them.
User-centred design of ChestCare: mHealth app for pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD; a mixed-methods sequential approach
Authors: Ghaben Suad J. , Mat Ludin Arimi Fitri , Mohamad Ali Nazlena , Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit
Published: January 2025

Background

The increasing prevalence and burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), the challenges in implementing pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs and the limited availability of alternatives and supportive programs to serve patients with COPD necessitate the development of pulmonary telerehabilitation (PTR) systems to provide patients with COPD with PR programs.

Objective

This study aimed to design and develop the ChestCare mobile Health app using user-centred design (UCD) approach. Thus, it provided PTR for patients with COPD, enhancing their self-management of symptoms and improving their compliance with PR programs.

Methods

In this mixed-methods sequential research, we deployed the UCD iterative design through the prototype app design and development sequence. The first phase was built based on the results of a previous needs assessment study and an analysis of related apps. This produced the initial mock-up, the foundation for the focus group discussions with physiotherapists and patients. Six physiotherapists with cardiorespiratory specialisation evaluated each app module and item of the latest mock-up using the content validity index (CVI) document. The I-CVI (S-CVI/Ave) and (S-CVI/UA) were computed. Qualitative and quantitative data were integrated, and decisions were made by comparing their results.

Results

The UCD iterative design through sequential MMR has generated four mock-up app versions. The latest version identified 13 modules through 150 items validated by six experts using a CVI document. The I-CVI calculation of 145 items was 1, while 0.83 for the remaining items, was within accepted values. The S-CVI scored 99.4, indicating an overall validity of the ChestCare app as a PTR system for patients with COPD.

Conclusions

The development and validation of the ChestCare app resulted from conducting UCD iterative design and sequential MMR, which identified 13 functionalities, including symptom assessment, tracking lung volume, functional capacity test, action plan, intervention program, COPD education, COPD community, monitoring and reminders.
The Superior Glenoid Humeral Ligament’s Role in Superior Labrum Anterior-Posterior Lesions and Subtype Classification Based on Arthroscopic Views: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study
Authors: Peng Ye , Zhang Fei , Fu Yangmu , Qi Wei , Li Ji , Luo Jiwei , Liu Xinwei , Tang Xin , Zhang Qiang
Published: January 2025

Background:

Superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesions are common shoulder injuries. The 10-type classification system has been widely used to diagnose SLAP lesions since it was proposed. However, growing evidence from arthroscopic studies indicates the existence of many SLAP lesions, especially those associated with superior glenoid humeral ligament (SGHL) injuries, that were not included in the initial classification.

Purpose:

To introduce a SLAP classification associated with SGHL injury based on arthroscopic views and discuss the injury mechanism and corresponding treatment options.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients with SLAP lesions who underwent shoulder arthroscopic surgical treatment between June 2011 and January 2017 in 6 level 1 centers were evaluated in this study. Preoperative radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging scans were used to diagnose SLAP lesions, and arthroscopic views from the standard posterior portal were recorded. The traditional 10-type classification system for SLAP was used to classify these cases. A classification method for SLAP lesions associated with SGHL injury was introduced. This classification system was investigated by 4 observers to evaluate inter- and intraobserver reliability (kappa coefficient [κ]).

Results:

A total of 828 patients were included in this analysis; 61 patients (7.4%) could not be classified by the 10-type traditional classification, and 44 patients (5.3%) had SGHL lesions. A novel classification for 3 subtypes of SLAP with SGHL lesions was introduced. The mean κ value of the interobserver reliability for the classification approach was 0.796 (range, 0.678-0.854), indicating substantial agreement. The mean κ value for the intraobserver reliability was 0.883 (range, 0.779-0.964), indicating excellent agreement.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated a novel classification system for SLAP lesions associated with SGHL injury by introducing a series of cases with characteristics that showed high inter- and intraobserver reliability. Such cases have not been reported before, and the classification correlates with surgical treatment. This classification may be used as a supplement to the traditional 10-type classification.
The incidence of radiologically verified community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation in adults living in southern Sweden, 2016-2018: a population-based study
Authors: Rünow Elisabeth , Valeur Frida , Torisson Gustav , Hansen Karin , Theilacker Christian , Riesbeck Kristian , Ahl Jonas
Published: January 2025

Background

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was one of the most common causes of death in the European Union in 2017. Severity and mortality of CAP increase with age and an aging European population will require increased planning for prevention, control, and management of CAP. The purpose of this study was to provide an updated population-based estimate of the incidence of CAP requiring hospitalization in Northern Europe.

Method

We conducted a retrospective cohort study estimating the population-based incidence of CAP requiring hospitalization. Adults residing in Southern Sweden admitted between September 2016 and September 2018 with radiographically confirmed CAP and a primary discharge diagnosis consistent with pneumonia were identified by retrospective medical chart review. Incidence rates were stratified by age and sex.

Results

We identified 1,575 episodes of CAP in 1,471 unique individuals, accounting for 45% of the total eligible patient population. The crude incidence rate of CAP requiring hospitalization was 259 (95% CI: 246–272) and age-standardized rate was 294 (95% CI: 280–309) per 100,000 person-years. Among those aged 80 years and older, hospitalization rate was 17 times higher vs those aged 18–64 years, yielding an IRR 17.4 (95% CI: 15.4–19.7). Males aged ≥ 80 years had a 57% increased risk of CAP requiring hospitalization compared to women ≥ 80 years, resulting in an IRR of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.33–1.85). The lowest in-hospital case-fatality risk was among the 18–64 years group 3.4% (n = 16), and highest among those ≥ 80 years 8.1% (n = 46).

Conclusion

We found that the incidence and mortality of CAP requiring hospitalization in adults are considerable. Preventive measures are needed that target older adults and those at increased risk of CAP.
Changes in sensor recorded activity patterns and neuropsychiatric symptoms after deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: 5 case reports
Authors: Bruhin Lena C. , Single Michael , Naef Aileen C. , Petermann Katrin , Sousa Mario , Castelli Matilde , Debove Ines , Maradan-Gachet Marie E. , Magalhães Andreia D. , Diamantaras Andreas A. , Lachenmayer M. Lenard , Tinkhauser Gerd , Waskönig Julia , el Achkar Christopher M. , Lemkaddem Alia , Lemay Mathieu , Krack Paul , Nef Tobias , Amstutz Deborah
Published: January 2025

Background

Effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain debated. Sensor technology might help to objectively assess behavioural changes after STN-DBS.

Case presentation

5 PD patients were assessed 1 before and 5 months after STN-DBS with the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III in the medication ON (plus postoperatively stimulation ON) condition, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Behaviors in Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale present version, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Starkstein Apathy Scale. Steps taken per hour, nighttime spent in bed and time spent outside were monitored with a smartwatch and ambient sensors placed in patient homes for an average of 20 days pre- and postoperatively. Postoperative improvement in ICDs and concomitant anxious-depressive symptoms was observed in 3 patients and was accompanied by a decrease in steps taken per hour, as well as an increase in nighttime spent in bed. In the two patients without baseline ICDs, mild anxiety and apathy improved postoperatively, and no new neuropsychiatric symptoms occurred. Steps taken per hour did not decrease in these cases and nighttime spent in bed improved in one of the patients, but decreased in the other, who had experienced pain during OFF-phases at night before STN-DBS.

Conclusion

Changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with distinct activity patterns after STN-DBS, and wearable and ambient sensors may aid to capture those gradual shifts in behavior.
Becoming a new parent during the pandemic: experiences of pregnancy, birth, and the postnatal period
Authors: Blakey Emma , Kuria Daniel , McGillion Michelle , Scott Fiona
Published: January 2025

New parenthood in ordinary times can be a vulnerable and unpredictable time. The Covid-19 pandemic brought additional, unprecedented changes to policy and practice that drastically impacted on the experiences of parents. This study aimed to enhance our understanding of the experiences of new parents during the pandemic by qualitatively analysing their experiences. New parents from the UK (N = 303; female = 296; male = 7) responded to a survey conducted between 2021–2022 asking about experiences of pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period. Responses were analysed thematically, taking an interpretivist approach, and drawing across the three time periods. Parents reported conflicting feelings, negative feelings and silver linings cutting across eight themes, including: impacts on well-being, feeling without a village, changes to healthcare, atypical social experiences as a new parent, differential impacts on financial and working lives, conflicting feelings around digital technology, anger and worry regarding contradictory government guidance and recommendations for other parents. The findings offer much needed insights into the experiences of new parents during this time and provide some context to the documented elevated levels of perinatal mental health difficulties in new parents during the pandemic. We suggest key recommendations going forwards in the care of new parents now, and in times of future national crisis.
Aging towards walkable futures: insights from a multidisciplinary workshop held in Barcelona, Spain
Authors: Vall-Garcia Enric , Delgado-Ortiz Laura , Alcock Lisa , Coll-Planas Laura , García-Navarro José Augusto , Iwarsson Susanne , Jansà Josep Maria , Jansen Carl-Philipp , Koch Sarah , Schwartz Simon , Rantakokko Merja , Sarukhan Adelaida , van Staalduinen Willeke , Rochester Lynn , Garcia-Aymerich Judith
Published: January 2025

Background

The aging of the world’s population and the increase in sedentary lifestyles are leading to an increase in walking impairments at older ages. Here, we aimed to comprehensively discuss walking in the context of an aging population; and identify and agree on a list of future research priorities and policy actions.

Methods

We followed a participatory approach and held a multidisciplinary two-day workshop on October, 2023 in Barcelona, Spain, with experts in the fields of aging and walking, and participants from the general public.

Results

A total of 56 national and international participants, from a multidisciplinary background, joined the workshop. They had a median age of 40 years (range 24–83), and 62% were female. Participants discussed the meaning of walking from different perspectives and its change with age and in the presence of diverse mobility-impairing conditions; the emotional and social components of walking; and the role of the environment in walking. Participants identified unmet needs, research priorities and policy actions related to walking in older ages.

Conclusions

This two-day workshop provided a space for professionals and public to comprehensively discuss walking at older ages. Participants highlighted the relevance of a better and more comprehensive assessment of walking; the need to shift focus towards comprehensive health that considers physical, emotional and social aspects as well as individuals’ preferences and expectations; and the importance of translating research into action. Future work can draw on the discussions held during this event in a thought-provoking and hypothesis-generating way.
The effect between metabolic syndrome and life expectancy after cancer diagnosis: Catalan cohort study
Authors: López-Jiménez Tomàs , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer , Duarte-Salles Talita , Palomar-Cros Anna , Puente Diana
Published: January 2025

This study examines remaining life expectancy (RLE) after a cancer diagnosis, focusing on age, sex, cancer type, and metabolic syndrome (MS) components, using data from the SIDIAP database in Catalonia (2006–2017). RLE was analyzed for 13 cancer types, stratified by sex and MS components. The cohort study includes 183,364 individuals followed from diagnosis until death, transfer, or study end (December 2017). RLE at age 68 (median diagnosis age) was calculated based on MS components (0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3). Men aged 68 with 0 MS components had an RLE of 13.2 years, compared to 8.9 years for those with ≥ 3 MS. Women had an RLE of 15.9 years with 0 MS components versus 11.4 years with ≥ 3 MS. RLE varied by cancer type, with the highest RLE in men seen in prostate cancer and in women in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The lowest RLE for both sexes was in pancreatic cancer. The largest differences between 0 and ≥ 3 MS components were observed in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the smallest in pancreatic cancer. Increased MS components were associated with reduced RLE in at least 8 cancer types for men and 9 for women. Prevention strategies targeting MS components could increase RLE in cancer patients.
Muscle parameters in men and oxidative stress markers
Authors: Pietruszewski Michał , Nowak-Kornicka Judyta , Żelaźniewicz Agnieszka , Pawłowski Bogusław
Published: January 2025

Background

The oxidative handicap hypothesis posits that testosterone-dependent traits, such as muscle mass and strength, may be costly to develop due to testosterone’s pro-oxidative properties, leading to increased oxidative stress. This hypothesis suggests that only individuals with superior biological conditions can afford these costs. This study examines the oxidative handicap hypothesis, exploring the relationship between muscle mass or handgrip strength and oxidative stress markers in men.

Methods

Handgrip strength and muscle mass were measured in 179 men, with muscle mass assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and handgrip strength measured using a hydraulic dynamometer. Serum testosterone levels and antioxidant capacity were measured. 8-OH-dG, 8-epi-PGF2α, and protein carbonyls were measured to evaluate oxidative stress level. Pearson’s correlation and multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between handgrip strength, muscle mass, and oxidative stress markers, controlling for age, serum testosterone levels, and antioxidant capacity.

Results

No significant correlations were found between handgrip strength and oxidative stress markers, even when controlling for muscle mass, antioxidant capacity, testosterone levels, and age.

Conclusions

The study’s findings do not support the oxidative handicap hypothesis in the context of muscle parameters in men. The results suggest that testosterone-driven traits like handgrip strength or muscle mass may not necessarily incur oxidative stress costs in healthy young men, possibly due to effective compensatory antioxidant mechanisms. Factors like lifestyle, diet, and genetic predisposition, which were not controlled in this study, could also influence the observed outcomes and should be included in future research.
Trans-kingdom sRNA silencing in the prevention and control of crop Fusarium wilt disease
Authors: Huang Xin-Ni , Wang Yue , Li Yan-Ting , Xiao Ying , Ouyang Shou-Qiang
Published: January 2025

The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC), comprising a multitude of soil borne fungal pathogens, represent a major group of plant invaders that cause vascular wilt diseases of crops worldwide. Although sexual reproduction is nebulous in the FOSC, horizontal gene transfer (also well known as trans-kingdom) may contribute to the observed diversity in pathogenic strains. Concerning the safety and costly process of generating genetically modified crops, a plant-disease management strategy not reliant on transgenic approaches remains the most economic and environmental-friendly option. Here, we highlight the current scenario via beginning with F. oxysporum formae speciales and races as well as caused Fusarium wilt disease in field. Subsequently, based on the mechanisms by which small RNA (sRNA) acts in gene silencing, especially in bidirectionally trans-kingdom sRNA silencing between F. oxysporum and their hosts in the development of disease, we summarize technological breakthroughs like Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) technology in the developing and applying to protect crops from Fusarium wilt disease. Given that SIGS has been developed and recently applied in controlling crop Fusarium wilt diseases, we propose a potential prevention and control system to exploit crop Fusarium-vasculature interaction leading to further study trans-kingdom sRNA silencing.
Explainable machine learning framework for cataracts recognition using visual features
Authors: Wu Xiao , Hu Lingxi , Xiao Zunjie , Zhang Xiaoqing , Higashita Risa , Liu Jiang
Published: January 2025

Cataract is the leading ocular disease of blindness and visual impairment globally. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved promising cataracts recognition performance based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images; however, they have poor explanations, limiting their clinical applications. In contrast, visual features extracted from original AS-OCT images and their transform forms (e.g., AS-OCT-based histograms) have good explanations but have not been fully exploited. Motivated by these observations, an explainable machine learning framework to recognize cataracts severity levels automatically using AS-OCT images was proposed, consisting of three stages: visual feature extraction, feature importance explanation and selection, and recognition. First, the intensity histogram and intensity-based statistical methods are applied to extract visual features from original AS-OCT images and AS-OCT-based histograms. Subsequently, the SHapley Additive exPlanations and Pearson correlation coefficient methods are applied to analyze the feature importance and select significant visual features. Finally, an ensemble multi-class ridge regression method is applied to recognize the cataracts severity levels based on the selected visual features. Experiments on a clinical AS-OCT-NC dataset demonstrate that the proposed framework not only achieves competitive performance through comparisons with DNNs, but also has a good explanation ability, meeting the requirements of clinical diagnostic practice.
The effect of psychiatric clerkship, educational phase, contact with mental illness and gender on stigma and mental health help-seeking attitude in medical students in Jordan
Authors: Abuistaitah Bara’ Jaser , Abu Al-Feilat Ehab Eyad , Al-Qaralleh Hamid Ahmad , AlMomani Amro Emad , Hamam Hafezaldeen Jamal , BaniMustafa Radwan Ali , Qaswal Abdallah Barjas
Published: January 2025

Background and aims

Stigma is considered a significant barrier to help-seeking and it is more prominent in medical students. Studies exploring stigma and its impact on Attitude Towards Seeking Professional Psychiatric Help (ATSPPH) among medical students in Jordanian universities are scarce. In this paper, we aim to assess the level of stigma among Jordanian medical students and its relationship with help-seeking and other secondary factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional study conducted through an online questionnaire on medical students in Jordan, the survey included validated psychometric tools Mental Health Clinicians Attitude 2 (MICA-2) and Attitude Towards Seeking Professional Psychiatric Help Short Form (ATSPPH-SF) in addition to sociodemographics. Stigma was analysed as a correlate of help-seeking using Spearman’s rank besides the non-parametric analysis of secondary factors.

Results

A total of 390 responses were analysed, 224 were females and 201 had experience with mental illness. There is an inverse relationship between stigma and ATSPPH p-value < .001. Jordanian medical students show relatively higher stigma compared to students from other nations. Females showed significantly less stigmatizing attitude p-value < .001 and more positive ATSPPH p-value < .001 compared to males. Individuals who encountered mental illness had significantly less stigma and more positive help-seeking behaviour compared to the opposite group. (p-value = .002 and p-value < .001) respectively. Completing a psychiatric clerkship had no impact on help-seeking.

Conclusion

Medical students in Jordan show a highly stigmatizing attitude compared with students from other nations. In parallel with the literature, females and students who experienced mental illness show less stigmatizing attitudes and more positive help-seeking behaviour.
Gross motor abnormalities in relation to balance and weight indicators in children with spastic diplegia
Authors: Elrakhawy Lamis Neyazy , Mamdouh Khaled Ahmed , Eltalawy Hoda Abdel Azim , Abdulrahman Radwa S.
Published: January 2025

Background

Over the past 10 years, the prevalence of obesity in the cerebral palsy population has increased in the USA, ranging from 7.7 to 16.5%. Obesity is linked to health problems as well as challenges with walking and balance. The current study investigated the correlation between BMI, balance, and gross motor abnormalities in children with diplegia.

Methods

This cross-sectional-correlation study was done at the Outpatient Clinic at the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. The study included 104 diplegic children aged from 5 to 10 years, 53 in the normal weight group and 51 in the overweight group. Dynamic balance was evaluated by the overall stability index (OSI) in the Biodex Balance System and gross motor capacities (GMC) were evaluated by standing and walking dimensions in GMFM.

Results

On comparing outcome variables, there were significant differences among groups in BMI, GMC, and OSI (P < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant negative strong correlation between GMC and OSI (r = − 0.792 and P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Overweight and obese diplegic cerebral palsy children have decreased balance and GMC significantly when compared to normal-weight children. There was also a significant correlation between GMC and OSI (r = − 0.792).

Trial registration

The study registered in ClinicalTrial.gov in October 2024 (NCT06642922).
Investigation into the reduction of aerodynamic drag via external windshields on high-speed trains
Authors: Yongrong Jin , Xiaoli Chen
Published: January 2025

As train speeds increase, aerodynamic drag becomes a significant factor in train resistance. The geometric profile of the train’s end connection changes abruptly, enhancing this aerodynamic resistance. Implementing an external windshield effectively mitigates this resistance, particularly for middle- and rear-train cars. This study utilizes three-dimensional, steady Navier–Stokes (N-S) equations for open line conditions and three-dimensional, unsteady N-S equations for tunnel environments to analyze the drag reduction effects of trains with and without external windshields in both scenarios. The findings indicate that external windshields have minimal impact on the flow and pressure fields surrounding the entire train, whether operating on open lines or in tunnels. However, the installation of an external windshield creates a positive pressure zone on its surface, with varying pressure levels depending on whether the train is in open air or a tunnel. Additionally, a high-velocity airflow occurs in the gap between the external and internal windshields, reaching speeds up to 90 m/s. In open-line conditions, the external windshield decreases the train’s overall aerodynamic resistance by approximately 14.46%, while in tunnels, it achieves a reduction of about 24.48%. Furthermore, the pressure surrounding the windshield is higher during tunnel operations compared to open-line conditions.
Harnessing individual nitrogen-vacancy centers with a compact and portable confocal microscope
Authors: Panadero I. , Guerra J. C. , Caravaca E. , Hidalgo F. J. , Acedo P. , de Dios C. , Torrontegui E.
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in quantum technology have highlighted the potential of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. However, realizing this potential requires overcoming challenges associated with the size, complexity, and cost of current optical systems. In this Perspective, we present a compact and portable confocal setup designed for efficient detection, initialization, and readout of single NV center photoluminescence signals, enabling coherent spin control and nanoscale-resolution magnetic field sensing.
Hepatic and Pancreatic Cellular Response to Early Life Nutritional Mismatch
Authors: Ghosh Shubhamoy , Ganguly Amit , Habib Manal , Shin Bo-Chul , Thamotharan Shanthie , Andersson Sture , Devaskar Sherin U
Published: January 2025

To determine the basis for perinatal nutritional mismatch causing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and diabetes mellitus, we examined adult phenotype, hepatic transcriptome, and pancreatic β-islet function. In prenatal caloric-restricted rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and postnatal exposure to high fat with fructose (HFhf) or high carbohydrate, we investigated male and female IUGR-HFhf and IUGR-high carbohydrate, vs HFhf and control offspring. Males more than females displayed adiposity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hepatomegaly with hepatic steatosis. Male hepatic triglyceride synthesis, de novo lipogenesis genes increased, while female lipolysis, β-oxidation, fatty acid efflux, and FGF21 genes increased. IUGR-HFhf males demonstrated reduced β-islet insulin and humanin, and type 1 diabetes mellitus human amniotic fluid increased humanin. Humanin suppression disabled glucose stimulated insulin, ATP production, with apoptotic diminished β-islet viability. Humanin and FGF21 may reverse perinatal nutritional mismatched phenotype by restoring functional β islets and preventing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and diabetes mellitus.
A Study on A Newly Discovered Print of Jabidoryangchambeopjiphae (慈悲道場懺法集解) through Image Comparison and Analysis: Discovery of Metal-type Print Prior to Cheongju Early Printing Museum’s Woodblock Print
Authors: Yoo Woo Sik
Published: January 2025

The woodblock-printed book Jabidoryangchambeopjiphae (慈悲道場懺法集解), owned by the Cheongju Early Printing Museum, is a reprint of a metal-type book. It was designated as a Korean treasure on June 28, 2010. A comparison of the typesetting, shape, and size of the characters in the reprinted woodblock version revealed that the Heungdeoksa metal type (興德寺字)’ used for printing Jikji (直指) was also used for printing the metal-type version of this book. This book is considered a valuable resource that indirectly confirms the existence of other metal-type books, in addition to Jikji, during the late Goryeo Dynasty. In this study, a detailed analysis was conducted as the ownership of the newly discovered version was transferred from the Gongin museum to a private collector. Careful image comparison and analysis showed that the width of the newly investigated version was 2.1%–5.6% longer in the longitudinal direction than that of the recarved woodblock print in the Cheongju Early Printing Museum. Accordingly, the private collector’s version was determined to be a metal-type book printed during the late Goryeo Dynasty. The reduced length in the woodblock print compared to that in the original metal-type print is the result of the directional woodblock shrinkage, which occurred as the wood lost moisture over time from carving to printing. The printing date of the private collector’s version is judged to be earlier than 1377, the year Jikji was printed. The private collector’s version is crucial for understanding the propagation of metal-type printing, considering technological advances during the Goryeo Dynasty.
Analysis of Painting Materials Used in Dancheong of Pyeongbang and Changbang inside Injeongjeon Hall at Changdeokgung Palace
Authors: Lee Sun Myung , Hwang Ga-hyun , Mun Seong Woo , Yu Jia
Published: January 2025

This study analyzed pigments and binders to identify the painting materials and techniques used in the Dancheong of Pyeongbang and Changbang in Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace. For the red color, the pigments Seokganju and Yeondan were identified, while yellow is presumed to include the organic pigment Deunghwang. The green color was achieved using Noerok and Hayeob(basic copper chloride), while Seokcheong and Hoecheong were used blue. White and black colors were obtained using Baekto, Hobun, and Meog. For Dancheong patterns, the base coat of Noerok was applied first. Red tones appear to have been created by mixing Seokganju and Yeondan or by blending these with organic pigments such as Yeonji, Meog, or Baekto to produce various shades. In particular, yellow and blue Dancheong colors were enhanced by the prior application of Baekto, improving both color development and economic feasibility. The initial green layer was created by mixing the Hayeob with Baekto, while the second layer involved single-coloring the Hayeob pigment. Repainting is evident in certain Noerok. Pyrrole-based compounds and biomarkers for proteins were identified through pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Additionally, fatty acid compounds and biomarkers of oils were also detected. These findings indicate the use of animal glue and oil as binders or other additives in the Dancheong. The materials used in the Dancheong of Injeongjeon Hall align with the pigments recorded in the Yeonggeon-Uigwes of the Joseon Dynasty, confirming the use of the same binder. These results provide scientific support for literary records and valuable historical data for the restoration of Dancheong in Injeongjeon Hall of Changdeokgung Palace.
Characterization of Stone Anchors with Wooden Objects Found in the West Middle Sea of South Korea
Authors: Yoo Dae-Young , Kim Taek-Joon , Lee Hyunji , Lee Kwang Hee
Published: January 2025

Since their discovery during the Taean Shipwreck excavation in the West Middle Sea of South Korea in 2007, 154 stone anchors have been identified. Despite the steady progression of domestic studies on stone anchors, the scarcity of anchors with both stone and wooden components and the absence of complete specimens have complicated efforts to determine their precise form, historical period, and methods of use. Therefore, this study focused on an exceptional set of seven stone anchors with wooden parts. Rock identification was conducted on the stone components, whereas species analysis and radiocarbon dating using wiggle matching were performed on the wooden elements. The rock identification results indicate that various rock types, selected primarily for their local availability, were used to serve the anchors' practical purposes. Species analysis confirmed that all wooden anchor components were made of broadleaf trees. Carbon-14 dating yielded five historical periods: the Proto-Three Kingdoms, Three Kingdoms, Northern and Southern States, Goryeo, and Joseon. These findings indicate that the Mado Sea area served as a crucial anchorage site even before the Goryeo period. The anchoring, with stone components placed between anchor arms, corresponds to the Proto-Three Kingdoms, Three Kingdoms, and Northern and Southern States periods, whereas the method of incorporating stone into anchor stocks dates back to the Joseon period.
Preservation Science Considerations Based on a Survey of Conserved Heritage Sites in Gyeongbuk Region
Authors: Wi Koang-Chu
Published: January 2025

As of 2022, approximately 904 buried cultural properties have been relocated and preserved for purposes such as academic research, exhibition, and education. However, over the past 30 years, skepticism regarding these preservation decisions has increased. This indicates the need to reassess systematic conservation management, facility maintenance, accessibility, utilization aspects, and institutional frameworks. This study examines 25 relocated and preserved buried cultural properties in Gyeongsangbuk-do, aiming to propose preservation and utilization strategies, as well as areas for improvement. The investigation identified issues such as reflection and contamination of tempered glass, absence of climate control facilities, and deterioration and disharmony of protective structures. To address these, we recommend reinstallation of tempered glass, establishment of open protective facilities to strengthen maintenance systems, design of eco-friendly protective structures enabling nighttime viewing, and formulation of policies for conservation management. Implementing these improvements is expected to enhance the value of conserved heritage sites and public historical awareness.
Original Mountings of Paintings Created for Connoisseurs in Joseon Korea: Case Study of Works by Yi Jeong (1554–1626)
Authors: Kim-Marandet Meejung
Published: January 2025

This study examines the rarity of surviving original mounts of traditional Korean paintings and the challenges posed by remounting such works in Chinese or Japanese styles, which often detract from the authentic form of the works. This paper compares two paintings of Yi Jeong (1554–1626) to assess the use and significance of colophons and their role in enhancing scholarly appreciation. The investigation reveals how the refined materials and style used in these mounts reflect the aristocratic origins of Yi Jeong and the high regard his art received during the Joseon dynasty. Furthermore, I will examine historical connections between Yi Jeong’s works and the broader context of Korean literati culture, emphasizing the importance of these works as aesthetic objects and rich cultural artifacts. The findings of this research deepen the understanding of Korean traditional paintings, underscoring the necessity of preserving their authentic mounting styles to honor their historical significance.
Analysis of Organic Residues in White Porcelain Lidded Bowls Excavated from Yeonghuijeon Hall in Seoul
Authors: Kang Soyeong
Published: January 2025

As part of an additional excavation at Yeonghuijeon Hall site in Seoul, black organic residues were discovered inside four white porcelain lidded bowls (baekja hap) excavated near the wall adjacent to the Jeongjeon area. This study analyzed these residues to determine the composition of artifacts deposited in the jindangu (protective ritual deposit) at the time of burial. A surface microanalysis showed that the residues were characterized by multilayered plate-like structures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that these structures were composed of single fibers. No characteristics of animal-based fibers were observed, and the diameter and intertwining patterns of the fibers showed that these were plant-based fibers that had been processed into thin sheets. The residues from Porcelain Bowl 2 exhibited a diversity of materials compared to the other samples. Fiber twisting and diameter analysis identified features that were consistent with both plant-based and animal-based fibers, whereas surface swelling marks suggested the combustion of animal fibers. In addition, thin metallic layers with a golden sheen were observed and analyzed using SEM with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), which confirmed the presence of gold (Au). These findings indicate that the white porcelain lidded bowl contained paper materials together with silk or cotton textiles and small amounts of gold leaf. This study contributed to understanding the use and characteristics of the jindangu in ritual practices during the Joseon era by scientifically analyzing their purpose and the materials deposited within them.
Epigraphy, piety, and social history: snapshots of personal histories in thirteenth-century Naxos
Authors: KONSTANTELLOU Theodora
Published: January 2025

Η ανάλυση δύο σύντομων γραπτών αφιερωτικών επιγραφών μιας μικρής εκκλησίας στο νησί της Νάξου, και ειδικότερα της θέσης στο εικονογραφικό πρόγραμμα και της σχέσης τους με συγκεκριμένες απεικονίσεις αγίων, αναδεικνύει σημαντικές στιγμές της προσωπικής ιστορίας τριών ατόμων που ζούσαν στην ύπαιθρο του νησιού τον 13ο αιώνα. Η πρώτη φέρνει στην επιφάνεια μια μάλλον σπάνια περίπτωση στη μεσαιωνική θρησκευτική δωρεά, την προσφορά που έγινε από μια πιθανότατα ανύπαντρη γυναίκα της υπαίθρου (Καλή), η οποία προσδιορίζεται εδώ ως κόρη της μητέρας της (μητρωνυμία). Η δεύτερη αφηγείται την ιστορία του ζευγαριού Μιχαήλ και Λεοντούς Ριακήτα, που πιθανότατα κατέφυγε στη Νάξο μετά την κατάκτηση της Μιλήτου από τους Τούρκους στα τέλη του δέκατου τρίτου αιώνα. Και οι δύο επιγραφές παρέχουν πληροφορίες που δεν καταγράφονται στις σύγχρονες γραπτές ιστορικές πηγές και έτσι μια διαφορετική εικόνα της πολύπλοκης κοινωνικής πραγματικότητας της υπαίθρου σε ένα νησί του Αιγαίου κατά την ύστερη βυζαντινή/μεσαιωνική περίοδο.
From Michael VIII to Andronikos II. The two first Palaiologoi’s different approaches towards the church
Authors: GEORGIADI Phoebe-Irene
Published: January 2025

Ένας από τους βασικούς στόχους του Μιχαήλ Η΄ Παλαιολόγου μετά το 1261 ήταν η ενίσχυση των επαφών με τη Δύση που θα απέτρεπαν μία σταυροφορία εναντίον της Κωνσταντινούπολης. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, διαπραγματεύτηκε την ένωση της βυζαντινής και της ρωμαϊκής εκκλησίας και προσπάθησε να την επιβάλει στην αυτοκρατορία, η οποία τότε ήταν ήδη διχασμένη λόγω του Αρσενιατικού σχίσματος που είχε προκύψειμετά τον σφετερισμό του θρόνου από τον ίδιο. Μετά τον θάνατό του, ο διάδοχός του Ανδρόνικος Β΄  είχε ως πρωταρχικό μέλημα τις εκκλησιαστικές υποθέσεις, τις οποίες προσπάθησε να ρυθμίσει ανατρέποντας τιςαποφάσεις του πατέρα του: ο νέος αυτοκράτορας απέρριψε επίσημα την Ένωση και προσπάθησε να κατευνάσει τους Αρσενιάτες επιλέγοντας πατριάρχες που πίστευε ότι θα γίνονταν αποδεκτοί από αυτούς.Καθώς ακολούθησε μία πιο συμβιβαστική πολιτική, παρατηρήθηκε μία αξιοσημείωτη αλλαγή στην ιστορία της βυζαντινής αυτοκρατορίας.
Οι υστεροβυζαντινές τοιχογραφίες δύο σχετικά άγνωστων μνημείων των Αχαρνών (Μενίδι). Η απόδοσή τους σε γνωστό ζωγραφικό εργαστήριο της Αττικής.
Authors: ΑΒΡΑΜΙΔΗΣ Βασίλειος
Published: January 2025

Κατά τη διάρκεια εργασιών συντήρησης των τοιχογραφιών στον Άγιο Ιωάννη τον Πρόδρομο ή ¨"Νηστικό" στο Μενίδι και στον Άγιο Νικόλαο στη Βαρυμπόμπη, αποκαλύφθηκαν φάσεις υστεροβυζαντινής διακόσμησης. Μέχρι τότε, οι δύο ναοί θεωρούνταν μεταβυζαντινοί. Στην παρούσα μελέτη, εξετάζεται ενδελεχώς η υστεροβυζαντινή διακόσμηση των μνημείων. Μέσω συγκρίσεων με τοιχογραφικά σύνολα ναών της ευρύτερης περιοχής, επιχειρούμε την απόδοσή της σε γνωστό τοπικό ζωγραφικό εργαστήριο, με ακριβώς χρονολογημένα έργα στην τέταρτη δεκαετία του 13ου αιώνα. Η υψηλή ποιότητα του εξεταζόμενου διακόσμου, στα πλαίσια της λατινοκρατούμενης Αττικής, καταδεικνύει τη σημασία που είχε ο υστεροβυζαντινός οικισμός Μενίδι, για την ευρύτερη περιοχή του Β-ΒΑ Αθηναϊκού πεδίου.
Βιβλιογραφικό σημείωμα:Michiel D. J. Op de Coul† (ed.), Theodori Prodromi Epistulae et Orationes [CCSG 81], Turnhout 2023
Authors: ΛΑΜΠΑΚΗΣ Στυλιανός
Published: January 2025

Βιβλιογραφικό σημείωμα: Michiel D. J. Op de Coul† (ed.), Theodori Prodromi Epistulae et Orationes [CCSG 81], Turnhout 2023
Management of Infrastructure Projects in the Field of Secondary Resource Management: Challenges and Approaches
Authors: Garnova V.
Published: January 2025

In the current conditions of dynamic development of the global economy and transition to sustainable production and consumption patterns, special attention is paid to the management of infrastructure projects in the field of secondary resources handling. Such projects are an integral part of the concept of closed economy aimed at waste minimization, rational use of resources and reduction of environmental load.

This article analyses the main aspects of project management in the sphere of secondary resources management: the study of the regulatory framework, assessment of applied technologies and organizational models, as well as key approaches to achieving environmental and economic efficiency. Special attention is paid to interagency co-operation, mechanisms for securing funding and the introduction of digital technologies, which play an important role in increasing the transparency and efficiency of processes. The article also discusses current challenges related to environmental priorities and strategic objectives, including the adaptation of existing approaches to changing societal and market requirements. Practical recommendations are offered to improve infrastructure project management based on the analysis of global best practices, relevant statistical data and the results of previously conducted research. This research is aimed at supporting sustainable development and optimizing project management in the context of growing environmental challenges and strategic priorities of state and international policy.
"Louisiana Saturday Nights"
Authors:   , Arlett Megan
Published: January 2025

Louisiana Saturday Nights is a collection of poetry and accompanying critical introduction written for the doctorate in Literature and Creative Writing.
The Economic Impact of Expenditures by Local Governments and Nonprofits on Property Values: Evidence from 41 Large Texas Cities
Authors:   , Prentice Valencia Antoinette
Published: January 2025

This dissertation uses property values to investigate the economic effect of public expenditures for operations and capital improvements on place value. Given the increasing role of nonprofit services in augmenting those of cities and school districts, the dissertation research investigates whether nonprofit expenditures join those of cities and school districts as Tiebout commodities, thereby contributing to place value. Furthermore, the research examines whether those expenditures contribute to reducing the inequities in the distribution of property wealth. The conceptual framework for the dissertation is the Tiebout model and its various extensions. The model proposes that individuals have different preferences for public goods and services, and there are many jurisdictions that vary in the services provided. Consequently, individuals shop around for the community that best matches their preferences and locate in the one that maximizes their utility. If the model correctly predicts households' behavior, then the quality of public goods and services provided by a community will affect its desirability. The more attractive a community, the higher the demand for its properties, which results in higher property values. The dissertation research finds that city public capital spending positively impacts property values in two ways. Property values respond positively to (1) the announcement of capital investments (i.e., ongoing capital expenditures), and (2) the amenity created when capital projects become operational (i.e., when operating expenditures are combined with capital stock). The results also show that nonprofit capital stock and spending on operations affect property values differently depending on the nonprofit category. The findings further reveal that local public and nonprofit spending benefit owners of lower and medium valued properties more than owners of higher valued properties. This finding suggests that local government and nonprofit spending contribute to reducing inequities in the distribution of property wealth.