bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ignition by Hot Free Jets
Authors: Seitz Franziska , Schießl Robert , Markus Detlev
Published: September 2017

This paper describes some of our experimental studies on the re-ignition caused by jets of hot gas that interact with unburned fuel/air mixtures. The problem is approached from two complementary sides: On the one hand, phenomenological studies are conducted, which ask for the conditions under which a hot jet may cause ignition. A dedicated experiment is described which allows to create well-controlled exhaust gas jets and ambient conditions. In this experiment, parameters influencing the ignition process are varied, and the dependence of jet behavior on these parameters (i.e. pressure ratio, diameter and length of the gap through which the exhaust gas has to pass before getting into contact with ambient fuel/air) is studied. In particular, the frequency of a jet causing re-ignition in the ambient gas is studied. On the other hand, we also perform studies which are more “analytical” in nature. These attempt a more in-depth understanding, by first decomposing the hot jet ignition phenomenon into the underlying physical processes, and then studying these processes in isolation. This approach is applied to measurements of mixture fraction fields. First, non reacting isothermal variable density jets are studied. Here, the density of the gas mixture varies as to mimic the density of hot exhaust gas at varying temperatures. A laser-based non-intrusive method is introduced that allows to determine quantitative mixture fraction fields; although applied here to cold jets only, the method is also applicable to hot jets. The results show the effect of turbulence on the mixing field in and at the free jet, and allow to derive quantities that describe the statistics of the turbulent jet, like probability density functions (PDFs) and geometrical size of fluctuations.
Bourgeois Aspirations: A biographical sketch of Hector Ledru, manufacturer and inventor (1798 to 1876)
Authors: Spennemann Dirk HR
Published: September 2017

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the French economy underwent a major technological change, with small and medium-scale entrepreneurs driving the industrialisation by developing and exploiting new technologies. This paper examines the life of one such entrepreneur, Hector Ledru (ca. 1798 to 1876), who started out in the sugar industry of the post Napoleonic era. He soon morphed into an entrepreneur exploiting patents in the manufacture of wooden barrel manufacture, galvanised iron and metal pipes, before he settled on the manufacture and installation of central heating systems. Ledru serves as an example of the archetypical small and later medium-scale entrepreneur making his way in post Napoleonic France, never reaching national fame, but all the way adjusting to the various social and economic circumstances.
Comparisons of Neuronal and Excitatory Network Properties between the Rat Brainstem Nuclei that Participate in Vertical and Horizontal Gaze Holding
Authors: Saito Yasuhiko , Sugimura Taketoshi , Yanagawa Yuchio
Published: September 2017

Gaze holding is primarily controlled by neural structures including the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus (PHN) for horizontal gaze and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) for vertical and torsional gaze. In contrast to the accumulating findings of the PHN, there is no report regarding the membrane properties of INC neurons or the local networks in the INC. In this study, to verify whether the neural structure of the INC is similar to that of the PHN, we investigated the neuronal and network properties of the INC using whole-cell recordings in rat brainstem slices. Three types of afterhyperpolarization (AHP) profiles and five firing patterns observed in PHN neurons were also observed in INC neurons. However, the overall distributions based on the AHP profile and the firing patterns of INC neurons were different from those of PHN neurons. The application of burst stimulation to a nearby site of a recorded INC neuron induced an increase in the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs. The duration of the increased EPSC frequency of INC neurons was not significantly different from that of PHN neurons. The percent of duration reduction induced by a Ca2+-permeable AMPA (CP-AMPA) receptor antagonist was significantly smaller in the INC than in the PHN. These findings suggest that local excitatory networks that activate sustained EPSC responses also exist in the INC, but their activation mechanisms including the contribution of CP-AMPA receptors differ between the INC and the PHN.
Domain-General Brain Regions Do Not Track Linguistic Input as Closely as Language-Selective Regions
Authors: Blank Idan A. , Fedorenko Evelina
Published: September 2017

Language comprehension engages a cortical network of left frontal and temporal regions. Activity in this network is language-selective, showing virtually no modulation by nonlinguistic tasks. In addition, language comprehension engages a second network consisting of bilateral frontal, parietal, cingulate, and insular regions. Activity in this “multiple demand” (MD) network scales with comprehension difficulty, but also with cognitive effort across a wide range of nonlinguistic tasks in a domain-general fashion. Given the functional dissociation between the language and MD networks, their respective contributions to comprehension are likely distinct, yet such differences remain elusive. Prior neuroimaging studies have suggested that activity in each network covaries with some linguistic features that, behaviorally, influence on-line processing and comprehension. This sensitivity of the language and MD networks to local input characteristics has often been interpreted, implicitly or explicitly, as evidence that both networks track linguistic input closely, and in a manner consistent across individuals. Here, we used fMRI to directly test this assumption by comparing the BOLD signal time courses in each network across different people (n= 45, men and women) listening to the same story. Language network activity showed fewer individual differences, indicative of closer input tracking, whereas MD network activity was more idiosyncratic and, moreover, showed lower reliability within an individual across repetitions of a story. These findings constrain cognitive models of language comprehension by suggesting a novel distinction between the processes implemented in the language and MD networks.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLanguage comprehension recruits both language-specific mechanisms and domain-general mechanisms that are engaged in many cognitive processes. In the human cortex, language-selective mechanisms are implemented in the left-lateralized “core language network”, whereas domain-general mechanisms are implemented in the bilateral “multiple demand” (MD) network. Here, we report the first direct comparison of the respective contributions of these networks to naturalistic story comprehension. Using a novel combination of neuroimaging approaches we find that MD regions track stories less closely than language regions. This finding constrains the possible contributions of the MD network to comprehension, contrasts with accounts positing that this network has continuous access to linguistic input, and suggests a new typology of comprehension processes based on their extent of input tracking.
Primary hyperparathyroidism in young patients in Russia: high frequency of hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome
Authors: Mamedova Elizaveta , Mokrysheva Natalya , Vasilyev Evgeny , Petrov Vasily , Pigarova Ekaterina , Kuznetsov Sergey , Kuznetsov Nikolay , Rozhinskaya Liudmila , Melnichenko Galina , Dedov Ivan , Tiulpakov Anatoly
Published: September 2017

Background

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a relatively rare disorder among children, adolescents and young adults. Its development at an early age is suspicious for hereditary causes, though the need for routine genetic testing remains controversial.

Objective

To identify and describe hereditary forms of PHPT in patients with manifestation of the disease under 40 years of age.

Design

We enrolled 65 patients with PHPT diagnosed before 40 years of age. Ten of them had MEN1 mutation, and PHPT in them was the first manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome.

Methods

The other fifty-five patients underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) of a custom-designed panel of genes, associated with PHPT (MEN1, CASR, CDC73, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CDKN1C, CDKN2A, CDKN2C, CDKN2D). In cases suspicious for gross CDC73 deletions multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was performed.

Results

NGS revealed six pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline sequence variants: four in CDC73 c.271C>T (p.Arg91*), c.496C>T (p.Gln166*), c.685A>T (p.Arg229*) and c.787C>T (p.Arg263Cys); one in CASR c.3145G>T (p.Glu1049*) and one in MEN1 c.784-9G>A. In two patients, MLPA confirmed gross CDC73 deletions. In total, 44 sporadic and 21 hereditary PHPT cases were identified. Parathyroid carcinomas and atypical parathyroid adenomas were present in 8/65 of young patients, in whom CDC73 mutations were found in 5/8.

Conclusions

Hereditary forms of PHPT can be identified in up to 1/3 of young patients with manifestation of the disease at <40 years of age. Parathyroid carcinomas or atypical parathyroid adenomas in young patients are frequently associated with CDC73 mutations.
Serum levels of polyamine synthesis enzymes increase in diabetic patients with breast cancer
Authors: Çelik V Kenan , Kapancık Sercan , Kaçan Turgut , Kaçan Selen Baloglu , Kapancık Serkan , Kılıçgün Hasan
Published: September 2017

Background

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetes and breast cancer and the detection of enzymes and ornithine levels in polyamine synthesis pathway in diabetes, breast cancer and diabetic breast cancer patients.

Methods

Ornithine, arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase and agmatinase levels have been measured in serum of all groups. Ornithine levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase and agmatinase levels were determined by ELISA kits.

Results

Except for the diabetic group, the levels of enzymes in the polyamine synthesis pathway were increased in all and statistically significant (P < 0.05). The increase in the levels of agmatinase was very important among the enzymes (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Decreased levels of polyamine synthase enzymes in diabetes mellitus were found to be increased patients with breast cancer. Whether and how diabetes-based breast cancer development relates to increase activity of enzymes responsible for polyamine synthesis requires further mechanistic and prospective monitoring studies in larger patient cohorts.
Conditional deletion of ELL2 induces murine prostate intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Pascal Laura E , Masoodi Khalid Z , Liu June , Qiu Xiaonan , Song Qiong , Wang Yujuan , Zang Yachen , Yang Tiejun , Wang Yao , Rigatti Lora H , Chandran Uma , Colli Leandro M , Vencio Ricardo Z N , Lu Yi , Zhang Jian , Wang Zhou
Published: September 2017

Elongation factor, RNA polymerase II, 2 (ELL2) is an RNA Pol II elongation factor with functional properties similar to ELL that can interact with the prostate tumor suppressor EAF2. In the prostate, ELL2 is an androgen response gene that is upregulated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We recently showed that ELL2 loss could enhance prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration, and that ELL2 gene expression was downregulated in high Gleason score prostate cancer specimens. Here, prostate-specific deletion of ELL2 in a mouse model revealed a potential role for ELL2 as a prostate tumor suppressor in vivo. Ell2-knockout mice exhibited prostatic defects including increased epithelial proliferation, vascularity and PIN lesions similar to the previously determined prostate phenotype in Eaf2-knockout mice. Microarray analysis of prostates from Ell2-knockout and wild-type mice on a C57BL/6J background at age 3 months and qPCR validation at 17 months of age revealed a number of differentially expressed genes associated with proliferation, cellular motility and epithelial and neural differentiation. OncoPrint analysis identified combined downregulation or deletion in prostate adenocarcinoma cases from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. These results suggest that ELL2 and its pathway genes likely play an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer.
DNA Replication Control During Drosophila Development: Insights into the Onset of S Phase, Replication Initiation, and Fork Progression
Authors: Hua Brian L , Orr-Weaver Terry L
Published: September 2017

Proper control of DNA replication is critical to ensure genomic integrity during cell proliferation. In addition, differential regulation of the DNA replication program during development can change gene copy number to influence cell size and gene expression. Drosophila melanogaster serves as a powerful organism to study the developmental control of DNA replication in various cell cycle contexts in a variety of differentiated cell and tissue types. Additionally, Drosophila has provided several developmentally regulated replication models to dissect the molecular mechanisms that underlie replication-based copy number changes in the genome, which include differential underreplication and gene amplification. Here, we review key findings and our current understanding of the developmental control of DNA replication in the contexts of the archetypal replication program as well as of underreplication and differential gene amplification. We focus on the use of these latter two replication systems to delineate many of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the developmental control of replication initiation and fork elongation.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is associated with lower fibrosis score in non-progressive HBsAg-positive subjects
Authors: Frongia Carlo , Sorbello Orazio , Demelia Luigi , Capra Gian Franco , Laconi Ezio
Published: September 2017

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Real-Life Use of 3 Direct-Acting Antiviral Regimen in a Large Cohort of Patients with Genotype-1b HCV Compensated Cirrhosis
Authors: Gheorghe Liana , Iacob Speranta , Curescu Manuela , Brisc Ciprian , Cijevschi Cristina , Caruntu Florin , Stanciu Carol , Simionov Iulia , Sporea Ioan , Gheorghe Cristian , Iacob Razvan , Arama Victoria , Sirli Roxana , Trifan Anca
Published: September 2017

Background & Aims: Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/ritonavir/Dasabuvir (OBV/PTV/r+DSV) is one of the elective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) recommended by international guidelines and the only one covered by the National Insurance System in Romania until November 2016. Our aim was to present the first prospective Romanian cohort evaluating the effectiveness and safety in clinical practice of this 3DAA combination in patients with HCV genotype-1b Child A liver cirrhosis.Methods: 681 patients received OBV/PTV/r+DSV+RBV for 12 weeks and were assessed clinically and biologically at baseline, week 4, 8, 12 (end of treatment, EOT), and 12 weeks after therapy (sustained viral response, SVR).Results: Per protocol, EOT virological response was 99.8% and SVR12 rate was 99.4%. Adverse events were present in 36.4% of patients. Permanent discontinuation of 3DAA regimen due to side effects was reported in 11 patients (1.6%). In 47.6% (185/389) of patients, Transient Elastography values were >20kPa (defined as clinically significant portal hypertension, CSPH) at baseline. Independent variables associated with CSPH were: baseline cholesterol level (p=0.003), platelet count <120,000/mm³ (p=0.02), MELD score (p=0.01).Liver stiffness measurement has significantly improved between baseline (26.6±12.7kPa) and SVR12 (21.6±11.8kPa) (p<0.0001). The same was true for APRI score (2.66±0.15 at baseline vs 0.85±0.02 at SVR12, p<0.0001) and FIB4 score (5.53±0.28 vs 3.24±0.08, p<0.0001), but not for Lok score (0.57±0.01 vs 0.63±0.01, p<0.0001).Conclusions: We report a high efficacy of the 3DAA regimen in a homogeneous compensated HCV genotype-1b liver cirrhosis population, in a real-life setting. Noninvasive fibrosis scores significantly improved at SVR12.Abbreviations: AE: adverse effect; AFP: alpha feto-protein; CSPH: clinically significant portal hypertension; DAA: direct-acting antiviral; EOT: end of treatment; GT: genotype; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; LSM: liver stiffness measurement; MELD: Model of end stage liver disease; NHIA: National Health Insurance Agency; OBV/PTV/r+DSV: Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/ritonavir/Dasabuvir; RBV: ribavirin; SAE: serious adverse effect; SVR: sustained viral response; TE: transient elastography.
Jejunal Mucinous Cystadenoma in Ectopic Pancreatic Tissue: a First Observation
Authors: Litchinko Alexis , Cherbanyk Floryn , Rosskopfova Petra , Blant Snezana Andrejevic , Martinet Olivier
Published: September 2017

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Intrahepatic Pancreatic Pseudocyst: a Rare Complication of Pancreatitis
Authors: Edmonds Peter J. , Arroyo Juan Pablo , Morales Andre , Brown Ryan M. , Ely Wesley E.
Published: September 2017

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Association of microRNA Polymorphisms with the Risk of Gastric Cancer in a Romanian Population
Authors: Rogoveanu Ion , Burada Florin , Cucu Mihai Gabriel , Vere Cristin Constantin , Ioana Mihai , Cîmpeanu Raluca Alexandra
Published: September 2017

Background & Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the occurrence and progression of human cancers, including gastric cancer. Our hospital-based case-control study aimed to investigate whether four commonly studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have effects on susceptibility to gastric cancer in a Romanian population.Method: We genotyped the miR-27a rs895819, miR-146a rs2910164, miR-196a2 rs11614913 and miR-499 rs3746444 SNPs by real-time PCR using predesignated TaqMan assays in 430 individuals (142 gastric cancer patients and 288 age and gender matched cancer-free controls). The associations between the investigated miRNA SNPs and gastric cancer risk were assessed by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using logistic regression analysis.Results: A higher frequency of the miR-27a rs895819 CC genotype (OR 1.98, 95% CI: 1.05-3.73, p=0.036) was found in the patients with gastric cancer compared with the controls. Similar results were observed in a recessive model, the CC genotype was correlated with gastric cancer susceptibility (OR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.07-3.55, p=0.032). In the stratified analysis, the association between miR-27a rs895819 SNP and gastric cancer risk was limited to noncardia (OR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.10-3.94, p=0.027) and intestinal (OR 2.27, 95% CI: 1.05-4.92, p=0.042) subgroups. However, after Bonferroni correction, all associations described above lost statistical significance. No correlation was observed for the remaining SNPs and risk of gastric cancer in any genetic model studied.Conclusion: This study showed no association of the investigated miRNA SNPs with the risk of gastric cancer in a Romanian population.Key words:  –  –  – .Abbreviations: GC: gastric cancer; miRNA: microRNA; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism.
Clinical Trial Perspective: Optimizing Crossover From Ticagrelor to Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (CAPITAL OPTICROSS)
Authors: Cutlip Donald E ,   Division of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Published: September 2017

Guideline-recommended treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome is dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor, with clopidogrel or ticagrelor the preferred options for initial therapy. Ticagrelor has been demonstrated to have improved efficacy, and is preferred over clopidogrel in the absence of contraindications or the need for oral anticoagulation. However, it is not uncommon that patients are switched to clopidogrel after starting on ticagrelor. Reasons for this may be related to recognition of the increased risk of bleeding, the higher costs of ticagrelor, or adverse effects such as adenosine-mediated dyspnea. It is therefore important to understand the optimal dosing strategy in patients undergoing a switch from ticagrelor to clopidogrel. A loading dose of clopidogrel is standard when initiating therapy for acute coronary syndrome or before coronary stenting. However, whether this is required in patients who have already achieved adequate platelet inhibition with ticagrelor is unknown. Owing to the short half-life of the unbound active metabolite of clopidogrel at standard doses, there are concerns of high on-treatment platelet activity for a period of time following switching. However, this must be balanced against concerns of an increased risk of bleeding if a loading dose is used. To investigate this, the Optimizing Crossover From Ticagrelor To Clopidogrel In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome (CAPITAL OPTICROSS) clinical trial was conducted to compare a clopidogrel bolus dose with no bolus among patients currently treated with ticagrelor and whose treating physician had decided to switch therapy to clopidogrel. This review summarizes the CAPITAL OPTICROSS trial and its findings, and discusses the implications for clinical practice.
António Feliciano de Castilho, cronista de um século tão destruidor como criador
Authors: Da Cruz Eduardo
Published: September 2017

António Feliciano de Castilho (1800-1875), reconhecido como poeta, também teve importante atuação no meio jornalístico. Como redator da Revista Universal Lisbonense entre janeiro de 1842 e junho de 1845, ele transformou o projeto editorial familiar num periódico de sucesso, vendido e assinado em todo Portugal e também no Brasil. Além de divulgação de “conhecimentos úteis” e de novas composições literárias, sua revista possuía uma seção de notícias. Nesse espaço, Castilho transformava os relatos dos casos que recebia em crônicas que deixam transparecer seu olhar sobre a sociedade que se transformava em meados do século XIX. Aqui apresentamos alguns dos principais temas e o estilo de construção de suas crônicas.********************************************************************Hora de tirar o espartilho – Women’s issues in the short storiesof Lygia Fagundes TellesAbstract: This paper considers how womens’ issues are presented in Lygia Fagundes Telles’ short stories, evaluating narrative procedures and thematic choices, such as wickedness, dependence, conservatism, emancipation, loneliness, vanity or decrepitude. This study analyses the originality and modernity of Telles’ prose, noting the cautious distance of her vision of the feminine condition from any contemporary trends or labeling. Finally, the paper also aims to study the portrayal of women by Lygia Fagundes Telles. This simplies careful examination of how women occupy the role of the self, or subject, and to what degree Telles’  omens’ characters are individualized figures, facing different conflicts, in a variety of social, familial and affective situations.Keywords: short stories; Lygia Fagundes Telles; feminine condition.
A construção da memória da Guerra Colonial em Os cus de Judas, de Lobo Antunes
Authors: Rommel Leonardo Von Pfeil , Sparemberger Alfeu
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo analisa o romance Os cus de Judas, de autoria do escritor português António Lobo Antunes quanto à sua particularidade em estabelecer a construção de uma memória coletiva sobre a Guerra Colonial. Segundo romance do autor, publicado em 1979 em um contexto pós-colonial apenas quatro anos após a Revolução dos Cravos, a narrativa remete à abordagem da exploração da experiência do autor durante sua participação na Guerra Colonial, em Angola, no início da década de 70. Após a Revolução dos Cravos, em abril de 1974, a sociedade portuguesa tenta apagar o passado traumático ligado à guerra e ao Estado Novo a fim de iniciar um movimento de superação de seu passado problemático e aproximar-se da Europa. A produção ficcional apresenta-se como possibilidade de interpretação da dinâmica política e social existente na construção de um novo Portugal após a Guerra Colonial, a Revolução dos Cravos e a descolonização dos territórios ultramarinos. A literatura assume um papel de destaque no Portugal pós-colonial, pois almeja a construção de uma memória coletiva sobre os últimos capítulos do império português.********************************************************************The construction of the Colonial War memory in Os cus de Judas, of Lobo AntunesAbstract: The present article analyzes the novel Os cus de Judas, written by the portuguese writter António Lobo Antunes for their particularity to estabilish the construction of a collective memory about the Colonial War. Second novel of the author published in 1979 in a post-colonial context, just four years after the Carnation Revolution, the narrative refer to approach the exploration of the author’s experience during his participation in the Colonial War in Angola, in the early 1970. After the Carnation Revolution in April 1974, the portuguese society tries to erase the traumatic past linked to the war and the Estado Novo to start a movement of overcoming his troubled past and move closer to Europe. The fictional production is presented as a possible interpretation of the dynamics political and social context in building a new Portugal after the Colonial War, the Carnation Revolution and decolonization of overseas territories. The literature plays an important role in Portugal post-colonial since aims to build a collective memory of the last chapter of the portuguese empire.Keywords: Os cus de Judas; Colonial War; Memory; Post-colonialism
Mia Couto: viajante e afinador de identidades
Authors: Ribeiro Orquidea Maria Moreira , Moreira Fernando Alberto Torres
Published: September 2017

A identidade cultural moçambicana forja-se pela força do diálogo e da articulação funcional de diferentes identidades. Neste particular, a obra de Mia Couto destaca-se pelo modo único como congrega a riqueza desse mecanismo, afirmando-se como um interlocutor original no processo de construção da identidade nacional para o qual concorrem diversos elementos identitários que formam a especificidade moçambicana no conjunto da africanidade. Viajante do tempo, Mia Couto faz a história (e a identidade) moçambicana pela soma de um enorme conjunto de estórias, marca de um conhecimento ancestral que se revela necessário para a construção de um novo paradigma identitário – uma identidade que se constrói no compromisso entre o passado e o presente – que o autor vai afinando em cada nova obra porque se reconhece como “mulato de existências” que anseia pela esperança do futuro.********************************************************************Mia Couto: traveler and tuner of identitiesAbstract: Mozambique's cultural identity is forged by the force of dialogue and functional articulation of different identities. In this regard, Mia Couto’s work is distinguished by the unique way he brings together the wealth of this mechanism, asserting itself as an original party in the national identity building process to which many identity elements contribute to form the Mozambican specificity in set of Africanness. Time traveler, Mia Couto makes Mozambican history (and identity) summing up a huge set of stories, marks of an ancestral knowledge that proves necessary for the construction of a new identity paradigm – an identity that is built on a compromise between past and present – that the author tunes in each new work because he is recognized as "mulatto of existences" that yearns for future hope.Keywords: Mozambique; Mia Couto; Identity; Tradition; Hybridity
Padre Vieira e os filhos de Tupá (Um conto esquecido de Firmino Rodrigues da Silva)
Authors: Marques Wilton
Published: September 2017

Father Vieira and the sons of Tupá (A forgotten tale of Firmino Rodrigues da Silva)
Emergence of armA and rmtB genes among VIM, NDM, and IMP metallo-β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sangeetha , Kamalanathan Arunagiri , Rajan Sivaranjani , Bhagat Vijay Manohar , Ali M. K. Showkath
Published: September 2017

In the recent years, it has been noted that microorganisms with acquired resistance to almost all available potent antibiotics are increasing worldwide. Hence, the use of antibiotics in every clinical setup has to be organized to avoid irrational use of antibiotics. This study was aimed to establish the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity and relevance of antimicrobial resistance in aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. A total of 103 aerobic Gram-negative bacteria namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter koserii, Proteus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from tertiary care centers around Chennai. Kirby–Bauer Disk Diffusion test and study for genes of cephalosporin, carbapenem, and aminoglycoside resistance were done. A descriptive analysis of the data on altogether 103 clinical urine isolates was performed. All strains showed susceptibility to colistin. The frequency of genes encoding 16S rRNA methylases armA and rmtB were 7.8% and 6.8%, respectively. Among metallo-β-lactamases, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaNDM-1 were detected in 6.8%, 3.8%, and 3.8%, respectively. One E. coli strain harbored blaSIM-1 gene. Cumulative analysis of data suggested that 30% of the strains carried more than one resistance gene. The current research evidenced the increasing frequency of resistance mechanisms in India. Combined approach of antibiotic restriction, effective surveillance, and good infection control practices are essential to overcome antibiotic resistance.
Parameters to Define Peri-Implantitis: A Review and a Proposed Multi-Domain Scale
Authors: Lin Guo-Hao , Kapila Yvonne , Wang Hom-Lay
Published: September 2017

Peri-implant diseases have received much attention since dental implants are generally used in contemporary dentistry. Several contributing factors associated with the development of peri-implant diseases have also been investigated. The prevalence of peri-implantitis has been reported but with great heterogeneity because of a lack of a universally accepted classification system that could define the extent and severity of peri-implantitis. Several parameters—including radiographic bone loss, probing depth, bleeding on probing, and suppuration—have been introduced in these reports to assist with clinical diagnosis. This article provides an objective evaluation of these parameters based on currently available evidence, offers further recommendations, and proposes a multidomain scale for diagnosis of peri-implantitis. Future investigations and modifications may be needed to develop a comprehensive, evidence-based classification system that addresses the multifactorial etiology of peri-implant diseases.
Cyclists in shared bus lanes: could there be unrecognised impacts on bus journey times?
Authors: Aldred Rachel , Best Luke , Jones Phil
Published: September 2017

This paper contributes to debates around improving the modelling of cycles, through an exploratory case study of bus–cycle interactions in London. This case study examines undocumented delays to buses caused by high volumes of cyclists in bus lanes. It has generally been assumed that cyclists do not noticeably delay buses in shared lanes. However, in many contexts where cyclists routinely share bus lanes, cyclist numbers have historically been low. In some such places, bus lanes are now seeing very high volumes of cyclists, far above those previously studied. This may have implications for bus – and cycle – journey times, but traditionally traffic modelling has not represented the effects of such interactions well. With some manipulation of parameters taken from models of other cities, the model described here demonstrates that cycles can cause significant delays to buses in shared lanes, at high cycling volumes. These delays are likely to become substantially larger if London's cycling demographic becomes more diverse, because cyclist speeds will decline. Hence bus journey time benefits may derive from separating cycles from buses, where cycle flows are high. The project also suggests that microsimulation modelling software, as typically used, remains problematic for representing cyclists.
APLIKASI MSC PATRAN UNTUK PENENTUAN RENTANG MAKSIMUM PENYANGGA PIPA PRIMER REAKTOR AP1000
Authors: Saragi Elfrida , Hafid Abdul , Sunaryo Geni Rina
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAK APLIKASI MSC PATRAN UNTUK PENENTUAN RENTANG MAKSIMUM PENYANGGA PIPA PRIMER REAKTOR AP1000. Penyangga pipa digunakan antara lain untuk menjaga agar pipa tidak membebani komponen dan mencegah terjadinya lendutan yang berlebihan. Penentuan posisi penyangga pipa ditetapkan oleh beberapa faktor, seperti adanya katup, adanya belokan pipa dan jarak antara dua komponen utama reaktor yaitu tangki reaktor dan pembangkit uap.Untuk transpor panas dari tangki reaktor ke pembangkit uap digunakan pipa hotleg. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk dapat menentukan batas jarak penyangga yang baik dan sudut belok pipa pada pipa primer reaktor daya AP1000 berdiameter 37,5inchi diameter luar dan 31 inchi diameter dalam. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode komputasi dengan pemodelan menggunakan software MSC Patran.Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa semakin jauh jarak penyangga pipa maka besar lendutan yang terjadi makin besar.Nilai maksimal yang cukup baik dan sesuai standar ASME adalah pada jarak 5 m dengan sudut belok pipa 45 derajat.Pada jarak tersebut defleksi maksimumyang terjadi sebesar 1.76 cm dan tegangan tekuk sebesar 2.06 MPa. Kata kunci: Tegangan tekuk, Defleksi, Penyangga pipa, Hotlegreaktor AP1000. ABSTRACT APPLICATION OF MSC-PATRANTO DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM RANGE SUPPORT OF PRIMARY PIPES NUCLEAR REACTOR AP1000. Pipe supports used among others, to keep the pipes from overloding the components and prevent excessive deflection. The position of the pipe support is determined by several factors, such as the presence of valves, pipe bends and the distance between the two main components of reactor. Heat transport from reactor tank to the steam generatorare performed using hotleg pipe. The purpose of this study was to determine a safe support distance limit and the angle of the pipe turn and bendingon the primary pipe of AP1000 power reactor with the outer pipe diameter of 37.5 inches, and the inner diameter of the pipe is 31 inches.The analytical method used is the computational modeling methodsusing the MSC Patran software. The calculation resultsshow that the greater the distance of the pipe support, then deflection occurs is greater. The maximum value that is quite good, andin accord to ASME standards is at a distance of 5 meter and the angle of pipe turn is 45 degree. At that distance, the maximum deflection occurs is 1.76 cm and bending stress is 2.06 MPa. Keywords: Deflection, Bending stress, Support pipes, Hotleg reactor AP1000.
Temperature Dependence of Primary Species G(values) Formed from Radiolysis of Water by Interaction of Tritium β-Particles
Authors: Butarbutar Sofia Loren , Sriyono Sriyono , Sunaryo Geni Rina
Published: September 2017

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF PRIMARY SPECIES G(VALUES) FORMED FROM RADIOLYSIS OF WATER BY INTERACTION OF TRITIUM β-PARTICLES. G(values) are important to understand the effect of radiolysis of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) cooling water. Since direct measurements are difficult, hence modeling and computer simulation were carried out to predict radiation chemistry in and around reactor core. G(values) are required to calculate the radiation chemistry. Monte Carlo simulations were used to calculate the G(values) of primary species , H•, H2, •OH dan H2O2 formed from the radiolysis of tritium β low energy electron. These radiolytic products can degrade the reactor components and cause corrosion under the reactor operating conditions. G(values) prediction can indirectly contribute to maintain the material reliability. G(values) were calculated at 10-8, 10-7, 10-6 and 10-5 s after ionization at temperature ranges. The calculation were compared with the G(values) of g-ray 60Co. The work aimed to understand temperature effect on the water radiolysis mechanism by the tritium β electron. The results show that the trend similarity was found on the temperature dependence of G(values) of tritium β electron and g-ray 60Co. For tritium β electron, G(values) for free radical were lower than g-ray 60Co, but higher for molecular products as temperature raise at 10-8 and 10-7. The significant differences for these two type of radiations were on G(H2), G(•OH) and G(H•) at 10-6and 10-5 s above 200 oC.
Zika Virus propagation v1
Authors: Mello de Souza Elen , Alves Andrade Audrien , Cunha Jácome Fernanda , Alexandre Nunes da Silva Marcos , Cardoso Caldas Gabriela , Monika Barth Ortrud , Ferreira Barreto-Vieira Debora
Published: September 2017

Zika Virus propagation
Multiculturalismo e justiça social: reflexões sobre as políticas de ação afirmativa e o Ensino Superior
Authors: Caetano Márcio , Gaivizzo Soledad Bech , Goulart Treyce Ellen Silva
Published: September 2017

As políticas de enfrentamento à desigualdade ambiental, no Brasil, têm sido orientadas a partir de ações afirmativas e de reconhecimento. O presente artigo objetiva debater a influência multiculturalista sobre as políticas universitárias que advogam o acesso ao ensino superior de populações historicamente alijadas de direitos. Acredita-se que as sequelas das discriminações não somente afetam aos indivíduos, povos e populações no ambiente, elas também interpelam a identidade jurídica da democracia e o regime da cidadania. O que as discussões permitem afirmar é a relevância do multiculturalismo para a educação superior inclusiva destituindo a lógica competitiva e degradante de mercado de seus ambientes e princípios formativos e curriculares.
Teaching Minoritized Students: Are Additive Approaches Legitimate?
Authors: Cummins Jim
Published: September 2017

The emergence in recent years of heteroglossic conceptions of bi/multilingualism and the related construct of translanguaging has raised questions about how these notions relate to more traditional conceptions of additive bilingualism, biliteracy, and the overall academic achievement of minoritized students. In this article, Jim Cummins provides a critical examination of both additive bilingualism and additive approaches to language education to clarify the nature of these constructs and to elucidate their instructional implications. He proposes a synthesis of perspectives that replaces the term additive bilingualism with active bilingualism, that acknowledges the dynamic nature of bilingual and multilingual language practices and the instructional implications of this conceptualization, and that insists that education initiatives designed to promote academic achievement among minoritized students can claim empirical legitimacy only when they explicitly challenge raciolinguistic ideologies and, more generally, coercive relations of power.
Comparison of Cytotoxicity of New Nanohybrid Composite, Giomer, Glass Ionomer and Silver Reinforced Glass Ionomer using Human Gingival Fibroblast Cell Line
Authors: Koohpeima Fatemeh , Mokhtari Mohammad Javad , Doozandeh Maryam , Jowkar Zahra , Yazdanshenas Fatemeh
Published: September 2017

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of new nanohybrid composite, giomer, conventional and resin modified and silver reinforced glass ionomer cements and compare the biocompatibility of these dental materials in cell culture. Study design: Five cylindrical specimens were made of each material, using a mold (2mm. thick and 5 mm in diameter). For HGF, cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium. After attaining 80% confluence, cells were treated with different doses of five tested materials for 24h. Then cell cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assay. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test. Results: The materials evaluated on HGF cells, showed significantly more cytotoxicity in silver reinforced glass ionomer but nanohybrid composite shows mild cytotoxic effect. However, giomer shows no significant cytotoxicity and conventional and resin modified glass ionomer enhance cell proliferation. Conclusions: Silver reinforced glass ionomer induced a significant high cytotoxic effect over a wide range of concentration. Therefore, higher attention should be focused on this restorative dental material, which should be chosen for further investigations.
Effect of Sedation with Midazolam and Time to Discharge among Pediatric Dental Patients
Authors: Blumer Sigalit , Peretz Benjamin , Zisman Gali , Ratson Tal
Published: September 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the recovery time of children who underwent conscious sedation with oral or rectal midazolam. Study design: The medical files in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of all the children who underwent conscious sedation with midazolam between 3/2013-4/2016 were examined. The total duration of sedation and time to discharge were calculated. Descriptions of the children's behavior before and during sedation were compared. Results: The files of 120 children were retrieved. They included 64 girls, mean (± standard deviation) age 5.7 ± 2.67 years and 56 boys, mean age 4.9 ±1.06 years. The mean weight for the entire cohort was 18.7 ± 5.2 kg. Eighty-one children (67.5%) received oral sedation and 39 (32.5%) received rectal sedation. The mean total duration of sedation was 105 ± 26 min, and the mean time to discharge after treatment was 55:17 ± 22:30 min. A hundred and seven children exhibited positive behavior before undergoing sedation, but the behavior deteriorated during sedation in 36 cases. Conclusion: The time to discharge post-midazolam sedation correlated to the child's age and weight and total amount of administered midazolam. Sedation negatively affected behavior in 43.6% of the cases.
Pengaruh Penambahan Zeolit pada Proses Pelletizing Limbah Penetasan Terhadap Kandungan Coliform dan Salmonella Produk Pellet
Authors: Wardana Bakhtiar Ali , Sulistiyanto Bambang , Sumarsih Sri
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAK. Penelitian untuk mengkajipengaruh penambahan zeolit pada proses pelletizing limbah penetasan, terhadap total Coliform dan Salmonella,telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Pakan, Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, Universitas Diponegoro. Zeolit dilaporkan mampu mengikat berbagai senyawa kimia, termasuk senyawa beracun, serta mampu mempengaruhi aktivitas mikrobia. Penambahan zeolit dalam pelletizing limbah penetasan diharapkan mampu menurunkan total Coliform dan Salmonella dalam produk pellet, sehingga dapat meningkatkan keamanan produk pellet sebagai bahan pakan alternatif. Dosis penambahan zeolit pada pembuatan pellet yaitu: 0, 2, 4 dan 6%. Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan zeolit dalam proses Pelletizing limbah penetasan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P0,01) terhadap penurunan total Coliform. Peningkatan dosis zeolite dapat menurunkan Total Coliform dan bakteri Salmonella tidak terdekteksi pada pellet limbah penetasan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelletizing limbah penetasan dengan dosis zeolit hingga 6% terbuktimampu menurunkan kandungan Coliform dan Salmonella pada produk pellet.  (Effect administering zeolite in the pelletizing of hatchery waste to contents of coliform and salmonella of the pellet products) ABSTRACT. Experiment to study effect of administering zeolite in the pelletizing hatchery wastes on the total Coliform and Salmonella was done in the Laboratory of Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Agriculture, University of Diponegoro. Zeolite has been reported have binding capacity on wide range of chemicals, including toxic compounds, and interfere the activity of microbes. Administration zeolite in the pelletizing of hatchery wastes are expected to reduce the total Coliform and Salmonella in the pellet products, therefore improved the safety of the pellet products as an alternative feed ingredients. Doses of zeolite administration in the pelletizing are 0, 2, 4 and 6%. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed, effect of administering zeolite in the pelletizing hatchery wastes was significant to the total Coliform (P 0.01). Increasing doses of zeolite reduced the Total Coliform and the Salmonella was not detected in the hatchery waste pellets. It could be concluded that pelletizing hatchery waste with a dose of zeolite of up to 6% proven to reduce the content of Coliform and Salmonella in the pellet products.
Efek Suhu dan Masa Simpan Terhadap Aktivitas Antimikroba Susu Fermentasi dengan Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Mirdalisa Cut Afria , Zakaria Yusdar , Nurliana Nurliana
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAK. Susu fermentasi merupakan susu hasil pengasaman melalui aktivitas bakteri asam laktat yang menyebabkan perubahan kimia, sensorik dan mikrobiologi dalam produk susu fermentasi. Lactobacillus casei merupakan bakteri yang mampu menghasilkan senyawa organik dan hydrogen peroksida yang bersifat antibakteri. Senyawa antibakteri ini adalah senyawa kimiawi atau biologis yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan aktivitas bakteri patogen yang dapat merusak kualitas susu fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan lama penyimpanan terhadap kualitas susu fermentasi dengan Lactobacillus casei. Suhu dan lama penyimpanan pada susu fermentasi Lactobacillus casei pengaruh sangat nyata (P0,01) dan dapat menekan pertumbuhan terhadap bakteri E.coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Aktivitas antimikroba susu fermentasi Lactobacillus casei pada suhu penyimpanan 5⁰C dengan lama penyimpanan 30 hari dapat menekan pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.  (Effects of temperature and storage time on the antimicrobial activity fermented milk with Lactobacillus casei) ABSTRACT. Fermented milk is milk acidification results through the activity of lactic acid bacteria that causes chemical changes, sensory and microbiological in fermented milk products. Lactobacillus casei is a bacteria that can produce organic compounds and hydrogen peroxide which is antibacterial. The antibacterial compound is a chemical or biological compound that can inhibit the growth and activity of pathogenic bacteria that can damage the quality of fermented milk. The study has been conducted to determine the effect of temperature and storage time on the quality of fermented milk with Lactobacillus casei. the temperature and duration of storage time of fermented milk with Lactobacillus casei highly significant (P 0.01) affected and can suppress the growth of bacteria E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus casei fermented milk at the storage temperature of 5⁰C with a storage time of 30 days can suppress the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.