bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE EUROPEAN WIREWORM AGRIOTES OBSCURUS (L.) IN THE LOWER FRASER VALLEY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Wilkinson A. T. S.
Published: March 2010

The wireworm Agriotes obscurus (L.) was controlled in silty loam at Agassiz, British Columbia, from 1953 to 1956, by insecticides incorporated into the soil. Single applications of aldrin or heptachlor at 5 lb. of toxicant per acre gave good protection to potatoes planted a month after application, and gave 100 per cent mortality of wireworms by the second or third season. Aldrin at 2.5 lb., DDT at 15 lb., and granulated heptachlor at 3 lb. did not give adequate control in the year of application but gave appreciable control in the third and fourth seasons. Ethylene dibromide at 1.6 gal. per acre did not give control.
SOME ASPECTS OF A RYANIA-GLYODIN SPRAY SCHEDULE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA APPLE ORCHARDS: II. EFFECT ON STORAGE QUALITY OF McINTOSH, DELICIOUS AND NEWTOWN APPLES
Authors: Porritt S. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR SELECTING TETRAPLOIDS FROM A POPULATION OF RED CLOVER PLANTS OF UNKNOWN PLOIDY
Authors: MITTELHOLZER A. S. , STEPPLER H. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
CONTROLLED LOW TEMPERATURE TESTS OF SPROUTED SEEDS AS A MEASURE OF COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES
Authors: Andrews J. E.
Published: March 2010

Twenty winter wheat varieties were tested for cold hardiness in the sprouted seed stage. Their relative cold hardiness at this stage was in close agreement with their relative cold hardiness in freezing tests of young plants and with their field winter hardiness. Testing by the procedure outlined is apparently a reliable method of testing for cold hardiness. It permits the testing of a large number of varieties in a limited space.
LONGEVITY STUDIES WITH WHEAT SEED AND CERTAIN SEED-BORNE FUNGI
Authors: Russell R. C.
Published: March 2010

The longevity of several lots of wheat seed with cracked seed coats was compared, over a period of 17 years, with that of several lots of seed with sound coats. At the beginning of the test the average germination of the first group was 4 per cent lower than that of the second. This difference increased to 12 per cent and remained at that level for about 9 years, but for the last 4 years there was little difference in the germination of the two groups. All seed lots germinated well for about 8 years; then the seed lost its viability with increasing rapidity up to the 15th year, after which it deteriorated more slowly until, at the end of 17 years, nearly all the seed was dead.The longevity of two seed-borne fungi, Helminthosporium sativum, and Alternaria tenuis, on wheat seed was compared. A. tenuis disappeared in about 7 years. H. sativum lost its viability more slowly. Eight per cent of the original amount was present on the seed at the end of 17 years.
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS ATTACKING ALFALFA IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO
Authors: Davey K. G. , Manson G. F.
Published: March 2010

Surveys in southwestern Ontario in 1953 and 1954 showed that the initial small numbers of sucking insects found in alfalfa fields in early spring tended to increase rapidly as the season progressed. Each time the hay was cut the number of insects was reduced but the invading population soon built up, often to economic proportions. A spray of malathion, perthane, toxaphene, or heptachlor, applied in the spring of 1954, prevented the usual build-up of spittlebug nymphs. Each of the insecticides tested, except heptachlor, increased the yield of the first cutting of hay. An application after each of the first and second cuttings did not give adequate control of sucking insects present and did not increase either cutting of hay.
RECENT TRIALS WITH NEW ACARICIDES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA ORCHARDS
Authors: Downing R. S.
Published: March 2010

In British Columbia, the following acaricides gave good control of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch), and the brown mite, Bryobia arborea M. & A., when applied to apple trees at the pink bud stage: chlorfensone (p-chlorophenyl p-chlorobenzene sulphonate), fensone (p-chlorophenyl benzene sulphonate), chlorbenside (p-chlorobenzyl p-chlorophenyl sulphide), Genite 923 (2,4-dichlorophenyl benzene sulphonate), Chlorobenzilate (ethyl 4,4′-dichlorobenzilate), and Kelthane (1,1-bis (chlorophenyl) 2,2,2-trichloroethanol). Trithion [O,O-diethyl S-(p-chlorophenyl-thiomethyl) phosphorodithioate] gave good control of the European red mite; it was not tested in the pre-bloom stage against the brown mite.A summer spray of Kelthane or Trithion gave good initial and residual control of European red mite and brown mite; Diazinon (O,O-diethyl-O-[2-isopropyl-4-methyl-pyrimidyl (6)] thiophosphate) gave fair initial control but lacked residual effectiveness. Chlorobenzilate gave good control of the brown mite, the only species against which it was tested in the summer.Chlorfensone and chlorbenside injured apple foliage when applied at the pink bud stage. Chlorfensone, chlorbenside and fensone injured the fruit of some varieties and Genite 923 severely injured apple foliage when used in summer.
POLYEMBRYONY IN TOMATOES
Authors: Marshall H. H.
Published: March 2010

Twenty-nine polyembryonic seeds were found among 26,000 tomato seeds. These gave rise to twin seedlings. Five of the polyembryonic seeds appeared as a "double" seed with two units joined at adjacent sides to form the seed. Five pairs of conjoined seedlings were found. In some pairs, one member was four or five times larger than its mate. All the mature twins appeared to be diploid. One true-breeding mature twin may have been a haploid whose chromosome complement was spontaneously doubled. Most of the twin seedlings were from parents which were heterozygous for the gene U (uniform green fruits). The U-genotypes of 32 such twins were determined from F3segregation. The results indicate that most twins resulted from normal segregation and recombination. Therefore, simple polyembryony appears to be the most likely origin of most tomato twin seedlings. False polyembryony due to fusion of two ovules, and euploid polyembryony may account for a few twins. Sporophytic and cleavage polyembryony appear to be relatively unimportant.
AN ELECTRONIC SEED COUNTER
Authors: Goulden C. H. , Mason W. J.
Published: March 2010

An electronic device for counting seeds in the size range from flax to barley has been developed. The device consists essentially of a vibration feed which feeds the seeds individually to a counter. The impact of the falling seeds on a piezo-electric crystal gives rise to electrical impulses which are amplified and counted. The accuracy of counting is good. The speed of counting varies from 200 to 300 per minute.
INFLUENCES OF SOME FUNGICIDES ON ORCHARD MITES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Morgan C. V. G. , Anderson N. H. , Swales J. E.
Published: March 2010

In apple orchards of the commercial fruit growing areas of British Columbia, nine fungicides gave the following results in the control of mites: a fungicide schedule consisting of four to seven sprays of lime-sulphur gave excellent control of Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch), but one spray applied at the pink stage gave control for only 2 months. Three summer sprays of elemental sulphur did not affect M. ulmi, but controlled Tetranychus telarius (L.) and Vasates schlechtendali (Nal.). A schedule of ferbam gave good control of Eotetranychus carpini borealis (Ewing). Four to seven sprays of captan favoured increases in numbers of M. ulmi and E. carpini borealis. M. ulmi also increased in numbers after five applications of ziram. A schedule of glyodin did not control any species; in some cases the numbers of M. ulmi and E. carpini borealis increased after applications of this fungicide. A schedule of maneb controlled M. ulmi and V. schlechtendali, delayed the peaks in populations of T. telarius and E. carpini borealis, but allowed large numbers of Bryobia arborea M. & A. Manam compared favourably with maneb against M. ulmi and T. telarius. One spray of Karathane controlled any species if the application was timed correctly.Predatory mites, Typhlodromus spp., were not affected by glyodin but were reduced in numbers by ziram and nearly eliminated by maneb and Karathane. Mediolata sp. was slightly reduced in numbers by glyodin but maneb was somewhat more toxic and Karathane eliminated it. One spray of Karathane killed only 27 per cent of Stethorus picipes Csy.Ferbam, maneb, and Karathane promoted tree vigour; large, healthy, dark-green leaves were characteristic of trees sprayed with these fungicides.
NOTE ON AN UNUSUAL TROPISM OF FEEDER ROOTS IN SUGAR BEETS AND ITS POSSIBLE EFFECT ON FERTILIZER RESPONSE
Authors: Schreiber K.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE APPLICATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS TO A STUDY OF THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOYBEAN TO STEM CANKER
Authors: Benedict W. G. , Hildebrand A. A.
Published: March 2010

Chromatographic methods were used in an attempt to discover why soybeans, which are highly susceptible to infection by D. phaseolorum var. caulivora earlier in their development, become less susceptible as they grow older. Eighteen amino compounds in hydrolyzates of bark of soybean stems were identified by co-chromatography with substances of known constitution. An increase in concentration of each compound was noted as stem tissue matured and became more resistant to infection. Total nitrogen of the tissues studied also increased with plant maturity.
CONVERSION OF LATENT EVAPORATION TO POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
Authors: Holmes R. M. , Robertson G. W.
Published: March 2010

Potential evapotranspirometers and various evaporation pans are commonly used to estimate potential evapotranspiration. These instruments are expensive, large, difficult to install and use. A black Bellani plate atmometer is suggested as a simple instrument to replace these large tanks. It consists of a black, porous, ceramic plate, mounted on a glazed ceramic cup. The plate surface is kept moist by the water held in the cup. Evaporation from this surface is a measure of the drying ability of the air and is called "latent evaporation". Comparisons of various evaporimeters have shown the Bellani atmometer to be accurate and responsive to meteorological variables.Latent evaporation was compared with open-pan evaporation (from a 4-foot diameter buried tank) at several sites across Canada. Latent evaporation was also compared with evapotranspiration from irrigated field plots and evapotranspirometer tanks. The conversion factor of 0.0034 inches of evapotranspiration from irrigated fields, and 0.0032 inches of open-pan evaporation for each cubic centimetre of latent evaporation has been tentatively established. Latent evaporation and moisture block methods have shown excellent agreement in scheduling irrigation.
FACTORS INFLUENCING INFESTATION AND INJURY OF RUTABAGAS BY ROOT MAGGOTS (DIPTERA:ANTHOMYIIDAE) IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. I. FIELD STUDIES
Authors: Read D. C.
Published: March 2010

Examinations of more than 100 rutabaga fields per year, from 1951 to 1955, showed that Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) was the only species of root maggot that injured rutabagas in Prince Edward Island. H. liturata (Mg.) (= H. trichodactyla (Rond.)), H. cilicrura (Rond.), and Muscina stabulans (Fall.) were associated with H. brassicae but did not injure the roots. H. brassicae flies [note Whitcomb (12) for illustrations] began to emerge from overwintered puparia early in June in sandy soil areas and late in July in clay loam areas. Heavy texture and high moisture content of soils were closely correlated with the delay in emergence. The flies laid their eggs near rutabaga plants, usually in crevices in the soil, and upon hatching the larvae entered and fed on the roots. Larvae generally entered the roots at a depth of one inch or more below the surface of the soil. In general, early-planted rutabagas in sandy soil areas and late plantings in clay loam areas were severely damaged by larvae of H. brassicae, whereas late plantings in sandy areas and early plantings in clay loam areas were lightly infested. However, in the sandy soil areas where all of the rutabaga crops were harvested early in August damage was relatively light. Also, fields isolated by other rutabaga fields from sources of infestation such as storage bins and infested rutabaga crops, of either the current or the previous season, were usually slightly damaged. Use of barnyard manure increased H. brassicae infestations early in the season but did not significantly influence the damage caused during the whole growing season.
DETERMINATION OF THE NUMBER AND DOMINANCE RELATIONSHIPS OF GENES ON SUBSTITUTED CHROMOSOMES IN COMMON WHEAT, TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.
Authors: Kuspira John , Unrau John
Published: March 2010

A study of awning, culm colour and reaction to pseudo-black chaff in crosses of seven different substitution lines with Chinese Spring wheat was made to illustrate a method that permits the determination of the number and dominance relationships of genes on a substituted chromosome governing a particular character. F2 and F3 results in each of the seven crosses showed that each of the substituted chromosomes carries one gene affecting the character under investigation. On the basis of F1 results, genes for apical awning on chromosome III of Thatcher and Timstein and IV, XII and XXI of Thatcher were found to be recessive; Hope possesses a dominant gene for purple culm colour on chromosome VII and a recessive gene for susceptibility to pseudo-black chaff on chromosome III. Chinese contains alternative alleles for all these genes. A study such as outlined in this report must supplement the study of substitution lines to provide a complete genetic analysis of the character under investigation. The reasons for a supplementary study as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the substitution method in comparison with other methods of analysis are discussed.
THE INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO ASCOCHYTA PISI LIB. IN PEAS
Authors: Lyall L. H. , Wallen V. R.
Published: March 2010

As part of a program for breeding horticultural varieties of peas resistant to Ascochyta pisi Lib., a study was made of the inheritance of resistance to a monospore isolate of the pathogen using a cross between the resistant pea strain, Ottawa A-100, and the susceptible variety, Thomas Laxton. The results indicate that resistance to the isolate used is due to duplicate dominant genes, either one of which will give resistance.
MAJOR AND MINOR ELEMENT STATUS OF HEALTHY AND UNHEALTHY ALFALFA
Authors: MacLean K. S. , Langille W. M.
Published: March 2010

A study was made of the major and minor element status of healthy and unhealthy alfalfa. Elements determined were calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, molybdenum, manganese, zinc and boron. Unhealthy alfalfa was found to be deficient in potassium and/or boron, the critical levels being 1 per cent and 20 parts per million respectively.The levels of other major and minor elements were similar in both healthy and unhealthy plants. Available soil boron was apparently positively correlated with plant tissue boron.
EFFECTS OF ORCHARD FUNGICIDES ON STORED McINTOSH APPLES
Authors: Eaves C. A. , Hockey J. F. , Ross R. G.
Published: March 2010

Storage observations were made from 1954 to 1956 on McIntosh apples from trees subjected to five fungicidal treatments. The fungicides were: phenyl mercuric acetate, captan, glyodin, sulphur paste and ferbam. Each treatment was replicated four times. For the 3-year period phenyl mercuric acetate was significantly associated with the least amount of fungal rotting and the maximum acid content in the fruit after storage at 32° F. for 5 to 6 months.
THE PERFORMANCE OF THREE GRASSES WHEN GROWN ALONE, IN MIXTURE WITH ALFALFA, AND IN ALTERNATE ROWS WITH ALFALFA
Authors: Kilcher M. R. , Heinrichs D. H.
Published: March 2010

Crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, and streambank wheat-grass, chosen for diversity of root type, were compared for yield and competitive ability when growing alone, in mixture with alfalfa, and in alternate rows with alfalfa. For each seeding method the order of the grass species yield performance was the same, but the magnitude of the yield difference varied by seeding methods. In pure stands the yield difference between the low and high producing grass was 50 per cent, in mixture with alfalfa 170 per cent, and in alternate rows with alfalfa 220 per cent. The total yield was greatest in alternate rows and smallest in pure grass stands (fertilized). In 1954 grass and alfalfa growing in alternate rows outyielded grass and alfalfa in mixed rows by 4 per cent; in 1955, by 10 per cent; in 1956, a dry year, by 33 per cent; and in 1957, an extremely dry year, by 137 per cent. The relative stand of alfalfa to grass was greater when growing in alternate rows as compared to mixed rows. This relationship held for all grass species but was less pronounced for streambank wheatgrass, the least competitive species of the three grasses.
THE USE OF NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER IN THE PRODUCTION OF GRASSLAND HERBAGE
Authors: Leefe J. S.
Published: March 2010

Ammonium nitrate and calcium cyanamide were applied to an orchard grass, ladino clover sward over a 3-year period. Rates to give 0, 50, 100 and 150 lb. of nitrogen per acre were applied in two ways: single spring applications, and split applications, one-half in the spring and one-half immediately following an early first cutting.Ammonium nitrate proved to be the more effective source of nitrogen whether measured by yield, crude protein of the herbage or net recovery of nitrogen.Single spring applications of nitrogenous fertilizer gave greater seasonal total yields of dry matter and crude protein and more efficient net recovery of nitrogen than did split applications.Where no nitrogen was applied there was an increase in the clover content of the sward, total yield of dry matter and the total yield of crude protein during the 3 years of the test. However, the greatest seasonal total from these plots did not equal that obtained from the highest rate of application of fertilizer nitrogen. The highest of the rates almost completely suppressed clover development but gave the greatest yields of dry matter and crude protein and the most efficient net recoveries of nitrogen.
NOTE ON THE PLACE OF A LOGARITHMIC SPRAYER IN TESTING HERBICIDES FOR WEED CONTROL
Authors: SELLECK G. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE INHERITANCE OF FLUORESCENCE IN CLINTON OATS
Authors: Morrison J. W.
Published: March 2010

Under an ultra-violet lamp, fluorescent off-type seeds were picked from a registered sample of non-fluorescent Clinton oats. Crosses were made between the two types of seeds and the F2 segregated into a 3:1 ratio of fluorescent to non-fluorescent types. Parental lines were grown for three generations under different environments. The environment did not change the reaction but did affect the density or colour of fluorescence exhibited. In some parental lines, off-types appeared. They were presumed to be mutations. Some information about the origin of the genes for non-fluorescence is also presented.
POTASSIUM IN PLANT METABOLISM. I. EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF NORMAL AND POTASSIUM-DEFICIENT WHEAT SEEDLINGS
Authors: Ward G. M.
Published: March 2010

Normal and potassium-deficient wheat seedlings were grown in sand culture under controlled environmental conditions in a growth chamber. Successive crops were subjected to varying photoperiods and light intensities. Chemical analysis of tissues of the 14-day seedlings indicated that any restriction of light intensity or duration resulted in higher levels of potassium in the plant, when potassium was available. Phosphorus decreased with increasing photoperiod. Levels of calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and manganese were not directly related to illumination. Chlorosis due to potassium deficiency showed a correlation with high phosphorus/iron ratios.
CONTROL OF ROOT MAGGOTS IN RUTABAGAS IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
Authors: Read D. C. , Cannon F. M.
Published: March 2010

In 81 tests in 21 localities, from 1952 to 1955, whole-field applications of DDT sprays against adults of root maggots attacking rutabagas, chiefly Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), generally gave 50 to 90 per cent fewer infested plants than in untreated fields nearby. The sprays, each at 1 lb of toxicant per acre, were applied at weekly intervals while flies emerged from overwintered puparia, the period varying with soil type. In eight plot experiments in 1955, a pre-planting treatment with heptachlor at 5 lb. per acre in a 5-inch band, [Formula: see text] inches below the seed in the planting ridge, gave an average of 93 per cent control; a similar treatment with aldrin, 80 per cent. Furrow applications at 5 and 2.5 lb. at the same depth were less effective. Post-thinning sprays applied to the crowns of the plants and surrounding soil surface were ineffective. None of the treatments was phytotoxic.
EFFECTS OF FOLIAGE TREATMENTS WITH GIBBERELLIN ON FORAGE YIELD OF ALFALFA, KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS AND WINTER WHEAT
Authors: Corns William G.
Published: March 2010

Foliage of alfalfa and of Kentucky Bluegrass grown indoors, and of Kharkov winter wheat planted in springtime in the field, was treated with gibberellin solution before and/or after harvesting the forage once or twice. Visible elongation of leaves and of stems of the grass and wheat, but not of alfalfa, was induced by the chemical treatments. Treatments with 200 p.p.m. gibberellin had no distinguishable effect on weight of alfalfa. Such treatment of Kentucky Bluegrass, before the first cutting, increased fresh and dry weight at the first cutting, did not affect yield at the second harvest, and slightly increased the final total fresh weight. Corresponding chemical treatment, followed by one cutting at the end of the test, increased the weight of the grass as compared to controls cut either once or twice. Treatment with 200 or 400 p.p.m. chemical after the first cutting also increased the yield of the grass. Gibberellin treatment (36 p.p.m.) of wheat foliage harvested once at the end of the experiment improved the yield as compared to controls.
STUDIES ON THE SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER, MACROSTELES FASCIFRONS (STÅL.), AND ASTER YELLOWS IN MANITOBA
Authors: Lee P. E. , Robinson A. G.
Published: March 2010

Evidence from nymphal and adult counts suggested that adult Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål.) migrate from the south into Manitoba each year, and produce one generation before autumn. Lettuce was shown to be the preferred host over aster, parsley, carrot and flax. Cage experiments showed that head lettuce free from aster yellows virus can be produced when the insect vectors are excluded. Eight varieties of head lettuce were tested for resistance to the disease. Only one variety, Trianon Cos, showed any degree of tolerance. Transmission tests from celery and zinnia indicated the presence in Manitoba of the western strain of the virus.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE SPORTING PROCESS IN GREENHOUSE CHRYSANTHEMUMS
Authors: Sampson D. R. , Walker G. W. R. , Hunter A. W. S. , Bragdø Marie
Published: March 2010

The chromosome numbers of 56 varieties of greenhouse chrysanthemums were determined. Fifty-one varieties belonged to 10 'families' of sports and the chromosome numbers of the sports were compared with those of their vegetative parents. Sporting, mostly flower colour mutation, was accompanied by the gain or loss of a few chromosomes in about 30 per cent of the cases. Two plants with different chromosome numbers but with the true varietal flower colour were found.The most frequent chromosome number in the authors' material was 2n = 57. The range was 2n = 45–64. Mitotic irregularities and chromosome number variation within individuals were observed. Attempts to induce sporting by hot water treatment failed.Varieties with large inflorescences had higher chromosome numbers (2n = 58–64) than varieties with medium or small inflorescences (2n = 54–58), but in most of the material varieties with small inflorescences differed little in chromosome number from those with medium-sized inflorescences. Five additional varieties with very small inflorescences had lower chromosome numbers (2n = 45–55).
STUDIES ON SEED DORMANCY, PLANT DEVELOPMENT, AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF TARTARY BUCKWHEAT (FAGOPYRUM TATARICUM (L.) GAERTN.).: I. SEED DORMANCY
Authors: Born William H. Vanden , Corns William G.
Published: March 2010

Effects of various physical, chemical, and storage treatments on dormancy of seeds of the noxious weed Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) were studied. The dormancy is apparently not caused by any one single factor, such as impermeability of the seed coat to water suggested by earlier work. The seed coat did not prevent the entry of water into dormant seeds. Complete removal of both pericarp and seed coat resulted in a small increase in percentage germination of fresh seeds. There was no evidence of the presence of a growth-inhibiting substance. Chemical treatments were not effective in overcoming dormancy. Gibberellin improved the germination of partially after-ripened seeds, but not of fully dormant seeds. Newly mature seeds planted in the field immediately after collection failed to produce seedlings during that year. Similar seeds lost their dormancy in approximately 6 months during dry refrigeration at 2°–3 °C, and in 4–5 weeks during dry storage at room temperature. Higher temperatures accelerated the process of after-ripening, to a maximum at approximately 80 °C. Fully dormant seeds exposed to this temperature for 24–48 hours were able to germinate immediately afterwards. Relationships between moisture content, temperature, and germination are discussed.
STUDIES ON SEED DORMANCY, PLANT DEVELOPMENT, AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF TARTARY BUCKWHEAT (FAGOPYRUM TATARICUM (L.) GAERTN.).: II. GERMINATION, GROWTH, FLOWERING AND SEED PRODUCTION
Authors: Born William H. Vanden , Corns William G.
Published: March 2010

Seed germination, plant development, flowering and seed production of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) were observed under various environmental conditions. After-ripened seeds germinated over a wide range of temperatures under laboratory conditions, and in the field produced seedlings whenever tested during the growing season. Shoots were sent up from depths up to 6 inches. Flowering began 5 to 6 weeks after planting, and the first seeds matured 4 to 5 weeks later. Flowering and seed production continued until stopped by frost in the fall. Yields of vegetative matter and seed were recorded. Abnormal seeds produced by buckwheat plants treated with low volatile (LV) 2,4-D were as viable as were normal seeds, and when planted in the field the following year they produced plants which were normal in all respects.
NOTE ON A MODIFIED ELECTRIC BIRD PERCH FOR PROTECTING CROPS
Authors: TURLEY R. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON DIFFERENCES IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SCLEROTINIA WILT IN SUNFLOWERS
Authors: Putt Eric D.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON ALTERATION OF CREEPING HABIT OF BROMEGRASS BY REJUVENATION
Authors: Knowles R. P.
Published: March 2010

not available
INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ON THE COOKING QUALITY OF POTATOES
Authors: Sheard R. W. , Johnston G. R.
Published: March 2010

In general, the dry matter content (as indicated by specific gravity) of Katahdin potatoes grown on seven different soils in 1955 and 1956 was sometimes increased by phosphorus, slightly decreased by nitrogen, and consistently decreased by potassium chloride fertilizer applications. On the other hand, the consumer preference index (based on a sensory evaluation of the texture, flavour and colour of the cooked tubers by a panel of three judges) was increased by both phosphorus and potassium chloride applications and was variable for nitrogen. Because potato cooking quality is the summary effect of the texture, flavour and colour of the cooked product, the consumer preference index should be a better measure of this quality than the dry matter content, which refers only to the textural component. The differences, i.e. increases or decreases in dry matter content or consumer preference index due to fertilizer treatment, were small in relation to those associated with differences in soils and weather. However, chemical fertilizers may have a marked effect on the yields obtainable.
THE INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL WILT (ERWINIA TRACHEIPHILA (E.F.SM.) HOLLAND) IN CUCUMBER
Authors: Nuttall V. W. , Jasmin J. J.
Published: March 2010

The inheritance of resistance to bacterial wilt in cucumber was studied in the cross Marketer x P.I. 200818 by observing the reaction of P1, F1, F2 and B1 seedling populations in the greenhouse to inoculations with Erwinia tracheiphila (E.F.Sm.) Holland. The results show that resistance to bacterial wilt in the P.I. 200818 cucumber is due to a single dominant gene.
A RAPID METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE OIL CONTENT OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS
Authors: Shewfelt A. L. , Putt E. D.
Published: March 2010

A rapid method was developed for estimating the oil content of sunflower seeds. The method consisted of placing a given number of seeds between layers of filter paper, pressing them by means of a laboratory hydraulic press, and measuring the weight of oil absorbed by the filter paper. The effects of pressure-load, time of pressing, types of absorbing paper, size of sample, and dehulling of the seed were studied and a recommended procedure adopted. The oil values obtained by the rapid method were approximately 73 per cent as high as those obtained by the standard Soxhlet procedure. Analyses of 117 sunflower seed samples by the two methods gave a correlation coefficient of + 0.852. The method is particularly suited to assessing of plant breeding selections for oil content because of its speed and its adaptability to small samples.
STEAM-OPERATED EQUIPMENT FOR THE PARTIAL STERILIZATION OF SOIL, FLATS AND POTS
Authors: Wotton W. I. , McLarty H. R.
Published: March 2010

The equipment described consists of two units, with a common source of steam. In one unit, soil is sterilized by allowing soil particles to fall through steam in a rotating drum. Output is about 1 cubic yard of soil per hour. In the second unit, flats and pots are sterilized by 3 minutes' exposure to steam. Fungi and non-spore-forming types of bacteria are killed. The equipment is inexpensive and easily built.
A STUDY OF YIELD AND PROTEIN RESPONSE OF MALTING BARLEY VARIETIES TO DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS
Authors: Larter E. N. , Whitehouse J.
Published: March 2010

A study was initiated in 1952 to determine the effect of various fertilizers on yield, protein percentage and saccharifying activity of three varieties of malting barley. The varieties Montcalm, O.A.C. 21 and Olli were used throughout a 6-year testing period from 1952 to 1957. During the first 4 years of experimentation, fertilizer treatments included 20 and 40 lb./acre of 11–48–0, 72 and 96 lb./acre o f 16–20–0, and 60 lb./acre of ammonium nitrate. During the last 2 years of testing, the rates of fertilizer application consisted of 40, 60, 80 and 100 lb./acre of 11–48–0 and 96, 120 and 144 lb./acre of 16–20–0.The combined analysis of variance for yield for each of the two periods (1952–55 and 1956–57) showed fertilizer effects to be significant to the 1 per cent point. A significant "variety × fertilizer" interaction was found to occur for each period and was attributable to the differential response of the three varieties particularly at the high levels of fertilizer application.In 3 of the 5 years in which quality analyses were conducted, crude protein percentage and saccharifying activity of fertilized Montcalm and O.A.C. 21 were increased in comparison with control (unfertilized) material. In contrast, the protein percentage of Olli was not influenced by fertilizer treatment in any year.Varietal fluctuations in saccharifying activity values, either between years or between treatments, paralleled those for protein.From the practical viewpoint, it is doubtful whether the actual magnitude of protein increases, as found in the present study, was sufficient to consider fertilization as detrimental to malting quality.
THE BULK BIN METHOD OF HANDLING FRUIT.: I. COOLING AND BRUISING OF McINTOSH APPLES
Authors: McMechan A. D. , Fisher D. V.
Published: March 2010

Experiments were conducted to compare the rate of cooling and amount of bruising and stem puncturing of apples handled in 25-bushel bulk bins, and in conventional bushel boxes.Fruit in bins with no facilities for ventilation cooled more slowly than in bushel boxes; fruit in bins with a 1-inch opening on all sides of the bin, at floor level, cooled almost as quickly as in bushel boxes.McIntosh apples in good condition, dumped from the containers soon after being picked, suffered less bruising when handled in bins than when handled in boxes. There was no difference in the amount of stem puncturing caused by the two methods. When the apples were stored for 7 days without refrigeration before being dumped from the containers, there was no difference between the methods in the occurrence of bruising but there were more stem punctures in the bin-handled fruit. When the apples were held in cold storage for 36 days before being dumped, there was no difference between the methods, in either bruising or stem puncturing.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF COPPER FUNGICIDES ON STRAWBERRY FOLIAGE IN CENTRAL NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: Wood F. A.
Published: March 2010

In central New Brunswick a severe reddening of strawberry foliage, due to the premature formation of anthocyanin, has consistently occurred after late application of copper fungicides (in June and later). Experiments in 1956 indicated that the formation of anthocyanin was accelerated by successively later applications of copper fungicides. Anthocyanin did not increase any more rapidly in foliage treated with non-copper fungicides than in untreated foliage. Hence, the condition is apparently caused by the action of copper and may be averted by the use of non-copper fungicides in all applications made in June or later.
NOTE ON THE VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION OF PEACH CUTTINGS
Authors: HARRISON T. B.
Published: March 2010

not available
VARIATION AMONG ROWS IN POWER-SEEDED CEREAL VARIETY TRIALS
Authors: Andrews J. E. , Smith A. D. , Grant M. N. , Wells S. A.
Published: March 2010

Variations in survival of winter wheat and in yields of winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley were obtained among rows of power-seeded variety trials where there was differential packing by tractor wheels. This variation makes variety comparisons difficult and introduces bias in single-row-plot and two-row-plot trials. A power seeder with four drive-wheels giving uniform packing of all rows greatly reduced the variation in yield among rows.
EFFECT OF INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO SOIL ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT DISEASES: II. EARLY BLIGHT AND FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO
Authors: Richardson Lloyd T.
Published: March 2010

The effects of several insecticides and herbicides on the development of early blight and Fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Young tomato plants were grown in sand to which solutions or suspensions of these chemicals were applied repeatedly before the foliage was inoculated with spores of Alternaria solani and either before or after the roots were inoculated with spores of Fusarium oxysporum f. lycopersici. On the basis of lesion counts, increased early blight development resulted from applications of lindane, 2,4-D, and isodrin, and decreased disease from endrin, MH, NPA, dieldrin, IPC, dalapon, demeton and aldrin. Lindane, isodrin, and dalapon increased the severity of Fusarium wilt whereas endrin, aldrin, TCA, DDT, and dinoseb reduced it. 2,4-D and MH affected wilt development in a susceptible and a resistant variety in different ways according to the time of application in relation to inoculation, but they did not alter the reaction of an immune variety.
KERNEL MOISTURE AND YIELD OF CORN AS INFLUENCED BY PRE-HARVEST FOLIAR DESICCATION
Authors: Mortimore C. G.
Published: March 2010

Experiments conducted in 1956 and 1957 showed that pre-harvest chemical desiccation of the foliage did not accelerate appreciably the loss of moisture from corn kernels. Severing of the stalks 6 inches above ground had no effect on the drying rate of the grain. Both treatments reduced yields substantially.
BROADCAST TREATMENTS FOR CONTROL OF THE CABBAGE MAGGOT IN RADISH, AND RESULTANT RESIDUES
Authors: Harcourt D. G. , Miles J. R. W.
Published: March 2010

In sandy loam soil at Ottawa, heptachlor and aldrin granules, broadcast at 3 lb. of toxicant per acre before planting, gave respectively 70 to 80 and 58 to 84 per cent control of a very severe infestation of the cabbage maggot in radish planted 0, 7, 15, and 21 days after treatment. Chlordane granules at 5 lb. gave 4 to 48 per cent control. The granulated insecticides were applied to the surface of the soil with a hand fertilizer spreader and raked into the top 2 inches. Insecticide residues on the radish roots at harvest were below the tolerances recently established in Canada for this crop.
STUDIES ON SEED DORMANCY, PLANT DEVELOPMENT, AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF TARTARY BUCKWHEAT (FAGOPYRUM TATARICUM (L.) GAERTN.): III. CHEMICAL CONTROL AND EFFECTS OF COMPETITION
Authors: Born William H. Vanden , Corns William G.
Published: March 2010

The effects on Tartary buckwheat and barley of various chemical treatments, applied at different stages of plant development, were compared in field plots. For control of Tartary buckwheat there was no advantage in using two applications of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, ethyl ester) or of MCPA (methylchlorophenoxyacetic acid, butyl ester), 12 days apart, rather than a single application at a correspondingly higher rate. At comparable rates a low volatile ester (butoxyethanol ester) was more effective than regular 2,4-D ester (ethyl ester), especially at the later growth stages, and both were much superior to MCPA.In competition between Tartary buckwheat plants, total production of vegetative matter and seed increased somewhat with increasing number of plants per square yard, but, as expected, the single-plant yields decreased sharply. In barley plots infested with Tartary buckwheat sprayed with LV 2,4-D when the plants had 2–3 leaves, up to 50 buckwheat plants per square yard had not yet, during the time before spraying, affected the ultimate yield of grain. On sprayed plots there was a balancing effect between herbicidal injury to the grain and decreased weed competition. The effect of the interaction between these two factors was manifested in the yield of grain.
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE LESSER PEACH TREE BORER, SYNANTHEDON PICTIPES (G. & R.) (LEPIDOPTERA:AEGERIIDAE), IN ESSEX COUNTY, ONTARIO
Authors: Boyce H. R.
Published: March 2010

Applications of endrin at 0.90 to 1.02 lb. per acre, or of parathion at 0.27 to 0.31 lb. plus malathion at 1.20 to 1.32 lb., as totals of toxicant from three applications, gave reasonably consistent reductions of the numbers of borer larvae per tree and of reinfested trees during 1955–57. Similar results were obtained with parathion at 0.55 to 0.60 lb. per acre in 1956. In the only season in which it was used dieldrin at 1.03 lb. per acre was less effective than endrin or parathion plus malathion. In 1957 two applications of endrin gave as good results as three. Reduction in the number of borers per tree in each year was good when the first of a series of three seasonal sprays of endrin or of parathion plus malathion was applied at the time that 12 to 29 per cent of the moths had emerged or within 5 to 12 days of completion of treatments against the plum curculio.
SOIL INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF ROOT WEEVILS IN STRAWBERRIES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Cram W. T. , Andison H.
Published: March 2010

On a light, gravelly, high-mineral soil in southern Vancouver Island, each of the following treatments gave satisfactory protection from the black vine weevil, Brachyrhinus sulcatus (F.), and the strawberry root weevil, B. ovatus (L.), for the [Formula: see text] life of the strawberry planting: a pre-planting soil application of aldrin at 5 lb., dieldrin at 3 lb., or chlordane at 10 lb. toxicant per acre as a dust, in combination with an application to the transplant roots at 5 lb. of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or 5 per cent dust respectively per 10,000 plants. Three foliage applications, each made at 30 lb. of the appropriate dust per acre during the first 2 years, were not necessary to give protection against the larvae when the soil and roots were treated. The numbers of B. sulcatus larvae per plant and the yields in tons per acre from the treated plots in the third crop year averaged 0 and 2.8, in comparison with 11.6 and 1.1 from the untreated plots. In the latter, many of the plants were killed by B. sulcatus larvae. Applications of [Formula: see text] aldrin dust to the soil, roots, and foliage, to the soil and roots, and to the soil alone gave an average yield per acre in the third year of 1.9 tons in comparison with 1.1 tons when applied to the roots alone or.02 tons from untreated plots. The treatments were not effective against the obscure strawberry root weevil, Sciopithes obscurus Horn, and weevils of the genus Nemocestes [mainly N. incomptus (Horn)].
EFFECTS OF VARIOUS LEVELS OF CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND SULPHUR IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION ON FECUNDITY OF THE TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE, TETRANYCHUS TELARIUS (L.) (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE), REARED ON CUCUMBER
Authors: LeRoux E. J.
Published: March 2010

Progeny of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.), reared on cucumber plants grown on a vermiculite base at three levels of calcium, magnesium, and sulphur decreased linearly as dosage of calcium was increased. The average number that developed per female in 35 days on plants receiving 320 mg. of calcium per litre of nutrient solution was 39 per cent less than for plants receiving 160 mg. The results suggested a linear increase in the number of progeny when the level of sulphur was increased from 192 mg. per litre to 288 and 384, and that the number of progeny was greater at 42 mg. of magnesium per litre than at 28 or 56. Concentrations of the three levels of calcium, magnesium, and sulphur supplied were calculated and not confirmed by analysis. The minor element concentrations were not varied. Statistically the experiment was set up as a 3-x-3-x-3 factorial confounded in blocks of nine units, the second-order interaction being partially confounded. There were three replications, each having 27 treatment combinations. No foliage analysis was carried out. The results indicate that, if calcium were used at appropriate levels in greenhouse fertilizers, two-spotted spider mite populations on cucumber would be kept at lower densities.
FERTILITY OF BARLEY AUTOTETRAPLOIDS: I. FERTILITY IN SUCCESSIVE GENERATIONS OF FOUR AUTOTETRAPLOID BARLEY VARIETIES AND THE EFFECT OF SELECTION FOR FERTILITY IN THE O.A.C. 21 AUTOTETRAPLOID
Authors: Reinbergs E. , Shebeski L. H.
Published: March 2010

The differences in fertility of four colchicine-induced autotetraploid barley varieties (Brant, Montcalm, O.A.C. 21 and York) were determined and compared in four successive generations following the induction of tetraploidy. Despite a wide fertility range within each autotetraploid, the varieties tested varied considerably in their mean per cent fertility. Within each variety the mean per cent fertility remained relatively constant from generation to generation. The Montcalm tetraploid had the lowest mean fertility, fluctuating from generation to generation within a range of 6.0 to 10.1 per cent. The O.A.C. 21 tetraploid had the highest mean fertility, fluctuating within a range of 40.0 to 51.3 per cent.Significant differences in fertility of the four autotetraploid varieties were interpreted as indicating that seed-setting ability may be genetically controlled and, therefore, hybridization and subsequent selection could be a promising method for increasing fertility.Continuous selection for either high or low fertility from the C1 to C4 generation did not change the mean per cent fertility level in the O.A.C. 21 tetraploid.
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND OTHER FACTORS UPON THE GERMINATION OF VEGETABLE CROPS: II. PEAS
Authors: Torfason W. E. , Nonnecke I. L.
Published: March 2010

A series of trials was conducted at two periods, spaced a year apart, to study the effect of temperature and of the duration of exposure upon the germination of three pea varieties, Lincoln, AA-15 and Thomas Laxton, without the complicating effects of soil-borne organisms. The results indicate that the germination of peas, when sown in vermiculite and held in controlled temperature chambers, was significantly reduced as the temperature was lowered from 40° to 35° F. The duration of exposure had little effect upon the over-all mean, although differences were significant in the first trial period. Varietal behaviour differed as a result of temperature and of duration of exposure. It is concluded that peas will tolerate exposure to temperatures as low as 40° F. for considerable periods of time, providing steps are taken to protect the seed against pathogenic organisms.
NOTE ON INHERITANCE OF ABILITY TO SURVIVE WINTER-KILLING CONDITIONS IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
Authors: Bubar J. S. , Lawson N. C.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE EFFECT OF INITIAL COMPACTION AND MOISTURE CONTENT ON ENSILING LOSSES OF FORAGE CROPS
Authors: Cordukes W. E. , Shearer D. A. , Cooper D. J.
Published: March 2010

To study the effects of compaction and moisture content on ensiling losses, silage quality, and palatability, forage crops ranging in dry matter content from 19.8 to 36.5 per cent were ensiled at initial densities varying from 15 to 44 lb. per cubic foot. These experiments were conducted in 1954 and 1956, using metal silos of half-ton capacity, covered with perforated wood covers.Spoilage was closely related to compaction, decreasing significantly as the degree of compaction was increased, but was not influenced by the moisture content of the crop. Fermentation losses were significantly reduced with increases in either ensiling density or dry matter content.The quality of the resulting silages, as indicated by chemical analyses, was affected by both moisture content of the forage and the degree of initial compaction. Acidity of the silages was highest from the forages of high dry matter and heavy compaction, and showed a significant correlation with fermentation loss. Fermentation losses were also significantly correlated with the ash content of the silage, with increases in crude fibre, and with decreases in dry matter of the material during ensiling.Free choice palatability tests indicated a preference by heifers for the more heavily compacted forages.
SAMPLING FOR SEED WEIGHT DETERMINATIONS IN BROMEGRASS, BROMUS INERMIS LEYSS
Authors: Christie B. R. , Kalton R. R.
Published: March 2010

Topcross seed of five clones of bromegrass was used in a study to calculate the optimum sample size and number for determining seed weight. Factors considered were: number of seeds per sample, number of samples, analysts, counting time and weighing accuracy and time. Using coefficients of variation as estimates of statistical precision, it was found that two samples of 50 or 100 seeds per clone resulted in maximum efficiency.