bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proinflammatory Chemokine Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Neuroinvasive Flavivirus Infections
Authors: Zidovec-Lepej Snjezana , Bodulić Kristian , Bogdanic Maja , Gorenec Lana , Savic Vladimir , Grgic Ivana , Sabadi Dario , Santini Marija , Radmanic Matotek Leona , Kucinar Jasmina , Barbic Ljubo , Zmak Ljiljana , Ferenc Thomas , Stevanovic Vladimir , Antolasic Ljiljana , Milasincic Ljiljana , Hruskar Zeljka , Vujica Ferenc Mateja , Vilibic-Cavlek Tatjana
Published: March 2024

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are the most important neuroinvasive arboviruses detected in Europe. In this study, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 12 proinflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CCL17, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) in 77 patients with neuroinvasive diseases (NIDs). Flavivirus infection was confirmed in 62 patients (TBEV and WNV in 31 patients each), while in 15 patients the etiology of NID was not determined (NDE). Similar patterns of high-level expression of chemokines regulating monocyte/macrophage responses (CCL2), neutrophil recruitment (CXCL1 and CXCL8), and interferon-inducible chemoattractants for leukocytes (CXCL10 and CXCL11) have been observed in WNV and TBEV groups. None of the tested chemokines significantly differed between patients with TBEV or WNV. Concentrations of CCL17, CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were significantly lower in both WNV and TBEV groups compared to NID NDE patients. The logistic regression model showed that CSF concentrations of CXCL11, CXCL5, and CXCL10 could potentially be used for the classification of patients into the WNV or TBEV group versus groups with other NIDs. This study identified, for the first time, similar patterns of CSF chemokine expression in WNV and TBEV infections, suggesting common immunopathogenic mechanisms in neuroinvasive flavivirus infections that should be further evaluated.
Effects of Environmental Stresses on Synthesis of 2-Phenylethanol and IAA by Enterobacter sp. CGMCC 5087
Authors: Li Ke , Fang Senbiao , Zhang Xiao , Wei Xiaodi , Wu Pingle , Zheng Rong , Liu Lijuan , Zhang Haibo
Published: March 2024

2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are important secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms, and their production are closely linked to the growth state of microorganisms and environmental factors. Enterobacter CGMCC 5087 can produce both 2-PE and IAA depending on α-ketoacid decarboxylase KDC4427. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different environment factors including osmotic pressure, temperature, and pH on the synthesis of 2-PE and IAA in Enterobacter sp. CGMCC 5087. The bacteria exhibited an enhanced capacity for 2-PE synthesis while not affecting IAA synthesis under 5% NaCl and pH 4.5 stress conditions. In an environment with pH 9.5, the synthesis capacity of 2-PE remained unchanged while the synthesis capacity of IAA decreased. The synthesis ability of 2-PE was enhanced with an increase in temperature within the range of 25 °C to 37 °C, while the synthesis capacity of IAA was not affected significantly. Additionally, the expression of KDC4427 varied under stress conditions. Under 5% NaCl stress and decreased temperature, expression of the KDC4427 gene was increased. However, altering pH did not result in significant differences in gene expression levels, while elevated temperature caused a decrease in gene expression. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that these conditions may induce fluctuation in the geometry shape of binding cavity, binding energy, and especially the dαC-C- value, which played key roles in affecting the enzyme activity. These results provide insights and strategies for the synthesis of metabolic products 2-PE and IAA in bacterial fermentation, even under unfavorable conditions.
Fluorite and Gibbsite Solubility Controls the Vertical Transport of Fluoride and Aluminum during Rainwater Percolation through Ashfall Deposits in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
Authors: Sánchez-España Javier , Castillo Ana M. Nieto , Mata M. Pilar , Martínez-Martínez Javier , Mediato Jose F.
Published: March 2024

This study addresses the in situ mobility of fluoride and aluminum in two different ashfall deposits accumulated during the 2021 eruption of the Tajogaite volcano (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain), which were exposed to contrasting conditions of ambient humidity and precipitation. We selected one site to the east of the volcanic emission center, located near the top of Cumbre Vieja Ridge and exposed to continuous humidity and rain, and another site to the west of the volcano situated in a lowland and characterized by much drier conditions. The mobility of fluoride and aluminum is markedly different at both sites, with the first sequence suggesting a downwards migration of Al and F, and the second sequence showing no sign of mobility. The migration of aluminum and fluorine results from the dissolution of different fluoride salts (mostly AlF3 and CaF2, as suggested by scanning electron microscopy) followed by vertical transport as ionic complexes (AlF3, AlF2+, AlF4−) during the percolation of rainwater through the ashfall deposits. Geochemical calculations suggest that the mobility of fluorine at neutral to alkaline conditions (pH 7.0–9.0) is likely limited by the solubility of fluorite (CaF2), whereas at slightly acidic conditions (pH < 6.5), the aqueous concentration of aluminum seems to be controlled by the solubility of gibbsite (Al(OH)3). This study demonstrates that aluminum and fluoride can be transported from volcanic ash to the underlying soil or groundwater, which is an environmental concern that should be followed in the future.
Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Ureolytic Bacteria from Mindanao, Philippines: Prospects for Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP)
Authors: Maulas Kryzzyl M. , Paredes Charla S. , Tabelin Carlito Baltazar , Jose Mark Anthony , Opiso Einstine M. , Arima Takahiko , Park Ilhwan , Mufalo Walubita , Ito Mayumi , Igarashi Toshifumi , Phengsaart Theerayut , Villas Edrhea , Dagondon Sheila L. , Metillo Ephrime B. , Uy Mylene M. , Manua Al James A. , Villacorte-Tabelin Mylah
Published: March 2024

Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), a widespread phenomenon in nature, is gaining attention as a low-carbon alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in geotechnical engineering and the construction industry for sustainable development. In the Philippines, however, very few works have been conducted to isolate and identify indigenous, urease-producing (ureolytic) bacteria suitable for MICP. In this study, we isolated seven, ureolytic and potentially useful bacteria for MICP from marine sediments in Iligan City. DNA barcoding using 16s rDNA identified six of them as Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus aryabhattai, and Stutzerimonas stutzeri but the seventh was not identified since it was a bacterial consortium. Bio-cementation assay experiments showed negligible precipitation in the control (without bacteria) at pH 7, 8, and 9. However, precipitates were formed in all seven bacterial isolates, especially between pH 7 and 8 (0.7–4 g). Among the six identified bacterial species, more extensive precipitation (2.3–4 g) and higher final pH were observed in S. stutzeri, and B. aryabhattai, which indicate better urease production and decomposition, higher CO2 generation, and more favorable CaCO3 formation. Characterization of the precipitates by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the formation of three carbonate minerals: calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. Based on these results, all six identified indigenous, ureolytic bacterial species from Iligan City are suitable for MICP provided that the pH is controlled between 7 and 8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the urease-producing ability and potential for MICP of P. stutzeri, P. pseudoalcaligenes, S. stutzeri, and B. aryabhattai.
Probabilistic Modelling of Geologically Complex Veins of the Barberton Greenstone Complex at Fairview Mine, South Africa
Authors: Mutobvu Tyson , Pretorius Hendrik , Muller Charles Johannes , Mabala Mahlomola Isaac
Published: March 2024

Achieving accurate estimations of recoverable tonnage relies on a robust geological modelling process. To ensure this accuracy, it is crucial to incorporate information from exploration, grade control, and sampling, considering well-identified mineralization controls. However, modelling the geology of complex orebodies, especially veins, poses challenges due to their intricate mineral accumulation processes and variable structural complexities. Fairview Mine’s Main Reef Complex (MRC) reef is highly discontinuous, with most of the valuable mineralized zone concentrated within localized ore shoots that intersect various lithologies, exemplifying these challenges. This study aimed to improve the modelling of veins at the mine, striving for a more accurate representation of the mineralization zones. To achieve this, a hybrid approach was employed, combining a deterministic method based on minimum curvature interpolation with a probabilistic method using anisotropic inverse distance weighting for categorical/discrete variables. The subsequent tonnage estimates showed a robust correlation with actual production output. The initial deterministic model established the large-scale geological trend, providing a foundation for estimating a probabilistic model. The iterative nature of probabilistic modelling allowed for the analysis of various probable options, facilitating the selection of the model that best captured the underlying geology. This approach enabled robust mathematical modelling while incorporating valuable input from geological knowledge and expectations.
MOF-Mediated Construction of NiCoMn-LDH Nanoflakes Assembled Co(OH)F Nanorods for Improved Supercapacitive Performance
Authors: Wang Zhou , Lian Yijie , Zhu Xinde , Wang Qi
Published: March 2024

The application of transition metal hydroxides has long been plagued by its poor conductivity and stability as well as severe aggregation tendency. In this paper, a novel hierarchical core–shell architecture, using an F-doped Co(OH)2 nanorod array (Co(OH)F) as the core and Mn/Ni co-doped Co(OH)2 nanosheets (NiCoMn-LDH) as the shell, was constructed via an MOF-mediated in situ generation method. The obtained Co(OH)F@ NiCoMn-LDH composites exhibited excellent supercapacitive performance with large specific capacitance as well as improved rate capability and long-term stability. The effect of the Ni/Mn ratio on the supercapacitive performance and energy storage kinetics was systematically investigated and the related mechanism was revealed.
Bicontinuous Interfacially Jammed Emulsion Gels (Bijels): Preparation, Control Strategies, and Derived Porous Materials
Authors: Shen Xingliang , Cao Meiwen
Published: March 2024

Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels, also known as Bijels, are a new type of soft condensed matter. Over the last decade, Bijels have attracted considerable attention because of their unique morphology, property, and broad application prospects. In the present review, we summarize the preparation methods and main control strategies of Bijels, focusing on the research progress and application of Bijels as templates for porous materials preparation in recent years. The potential future directions and applications of Bijels are also envisaged.
Strontium and Zinc Co-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles for Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Naruphontjirakul Parichart , Li Meng , Boccaccini Aldo R.
Published: March 2024

Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) have attracted significant attention as multifunctional nanocarriers for various applications in both hard and soft tissue engineering. In this study, multifunctional strontium (Sr)- and zinc (Zn)-containing MBGNs were successfully synthesized via the microemulsion-assisted sol–gel method combined with a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB). Sr-MBGNs, Zn-MBGNs, and Sr-Zn-MBGNs exhibited spherical shapes in the nanoscale range of 100 ± 20 nm with a mesoporous structure. Sr and Zn were co-substituted in MBGNs (60SiO2-40CaO) to induce osteogenic potential and antibacterial properties without altering their size, morphology, negative surface charge, amorphous nature, mesoporous structure, and pore size. The synthesized MBGNs facilitated bioactivity by promoting the formation of an apatite-like layer on the surface of the particles after immersion in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). The effect of the particles on the metabolic activity of human mesenchymal stem cells was concentration-dependent. The hMSCs exposed to Sr-MBGNs, Zn-MBGNs, and Sr-Zn-MBGNs at 200 μg/mL enhanced calcium deposition and osteogenic differentiation without osteogenic supplements. Moreover, the cellular uptake and internalization of Sr-MBGNs, Zn-MBGNs, and Sr-Zn-MBGNs in hMSCs were observed. These novel particles, which exhibited multiple functionalities, including promoting bone regeneration, delivering therapeutic ions intracellularly, and inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, are potential nanocarriers for bone regeneration applications.
Identification of New Allergens in Macadamia Nut and Cross-Reactivity with Other Tree Nuts in a Spanish Cohort
Authors: Gutiérrez-Díaz Gloria , Betancor Diana , Parrón-Ballesteros Jorge , Gordo Rubén , Castromil-Benito Estela , Haroun Elisa , Vázquez de la Torre María , Turnay Javier , Villalba Mayte , Cuesta-Herranz Javier , Pastor-Vargas Carlos
Published: March 2024

The consumption of macadamia nuts has increased due to their cardioprotective and antioxidant properties. However, this rise is consistent with an increase in the cases of macadamia nut allergy, leading to severe reactions. Although two Macadamia integrifolia allergens (Mac i 1 and Mac i 2) have been identified in Australian and Japanese patients, the allergenic sensitization patterns in Western European populations, particularly in Spain, remain unclear. For this purpose, seven patients with macadamia nut allergy were recruited in Spain. Macadamia nut protein extracts were prepared and, together with hazelnut and walnut extracts, were used in Western blot and inhibition assays. IgE-reactive proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry (MS). Immunoblotting assays revealed various IgE-binding proteins in macadamia nut extracts. Mass spectrometry identified three new allergens: an oleosin, a pectin acetylesterase, and an aspartyl protease. Cross-reactivity studies showed that hazelnut extract but not walnut extract inhibited macadamia nut oleosin-specific IgE binding. This suggests that oleosin could be used as marker for macadamia–hazelnut cross-reactivity. The results show an allergenic profile in the Spanish cohort different from that previously detected in Australian and Japanese populations. The distinct sensitization profiles observed highlight the potential influence of dietary habits and environmental factors exposure on allergenicity.
siRNA Therapeutics: From Bench Lab. to Clinics
Authors: Romero-López Cristina , Berzal-Herranz Alfredo
Published: March 2024

The discovery of the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism in 1998 by Andrew Fire and Craig C [...]
Polymersomes as Innovative, Stimuli-Responsive Platforms for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Negut Irina , Bita Bogdan
Published: March 2024

This review addresses the urgent need for more targeted and less toxic cancer treatments by exploring the potential of multi-responsive polymersomes. These advanced nanocarriers are engineered to deliver drugs precisely to tumor sites by responding to specific stimuli such as pH, temperature, light, hypoxia, and redox conditions, thereby minimizing the side effects associated with traditional chemotherapy. We discuss the design, synthesis, and recent applications of polymersomes, emphasizing their ability to improve therapeutic outcomes through controlled drug release and targeted delivery. Moreover, we highlight the critical areas for future research, including the optimization of polymersome–biological interactions and biocompatibility, to facilitate their clinical adoption. Multi-responsive polymersomes emerge as a promising development in nanomedicine, offering a pathway to safer and more effective cancer treatments.
Advances in Optical Fiber Speckle Sensing: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Chapalo Ivan , Stylianou Andreas , Mégret Patrice , Theodosiou Antreas
Published: March 2024

Optical fiber sensors have been studied, developed, and already used in the industry for more than 50 years due to their multiplexing capabilities, lightweight design, compact form factors, and electromagnetic field immunity. The scientific community continuously studies new materials, schemes, and architectures aiming to improve existing technologies. Navigating through diverse sensor technologies, including interferometry, intensity variation, nonlinear effects, and grating-based sensors, fiber specklegram sensors (FSSs) emerge as promising alternatives due to their simplicity and low cost. This review paper, emphasizing the potential of FSSs, contributes insights to the present state and future prospects for FSSs, providing a holistic view of advancements propelling FSSs to new frontiers of innovation. Subsequent sections explore recent research, technological trends, and emerging applications, contributing to a deeper understanding of the intricacies shaping the future of FFS sensor technologies.
The Identification and Analysis of the Self-Incompatibility Pollen Determinant Factor SLF in Lycium barbarum
Authors: Wu Jiali , Nan Xiongxiong , Zhang Xin , Xu Wendi , Ma Haijun , Yang Zijun , Wang Cuiping
Published: March 2024

Self-incompatibility is a widespread genetic mechanism found in flowering plants. It plays a crucial role in preventing inbreeding and promoting outcrossing. The genes that control self-incompatibility in plants are typically determined by the S-locus female determinant factor and the S-locus male determinant factor. In the Solanaceae family, the male determinant factor is often the SLF gene. In this research, we cloned and analyzed 13 S2-LbSLF genes from the L. barbarum genome, which are located on chromosome 2 and close to the physical location of the S-locus female determinant factor S-RNase, covering a region of approximately 90.4 Mb. The amino acid sequence identity of the 13 S2-LbSLFs is 58.46%, and they all possess relatively conserved motifs and typical F-box domains, without introns. A co-linearity analysis revealed that there are no tandemly repeated genes in the S2-LbSLF genes, and that there are two pairs of co-linear genes between S2-LbSLF and the tomato, which also belongs to the Solanaceae family. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that the S2-LbSLF members can be divided into six groups, and it was found that the 13 S2-LbSLFs are clustered with the SLF genes of tobacco and Petunia inflata to varying degrees, potentially serving as pollen determinant factors regulating self-incompatibility in L. barbarum. The results for the gene expression patterns suggest that S2-LbSLF is only expressed in pollen tissue. The results of the yeast two-hybrid assay showed that the C-terminal region of S2-LbSLFs lacking the F-box domain can interact with S-RNase. This study provides theoretical data for further investigation into the functions of S2-LbSLF members, particularly for the identification of pollen determinant factors regulating self-incompatibility in L. barbarum.
Development and Recent Progress of Hoses for Cryogenic Liquid Transportation
Authors: Chen Qiang , Sun Qingguo , Yan Jia , Cui Yunguang , Yang Lufeng , Yang Xiaojing , Wu Zhanjun
Published: March 2024

Recently, the application of cryogenic hoses in the field of cryogenic media has become a hot topic, especially in the industry of offshore liquefied natural gas and aerospace field. However, the structure of cryogenic hoses is complex, and reasonable structural properties are required due to the harsh working conditions. There is still plenty of scope for further development to improve the performance in all aspects. In this paper, the current development status of cryogenic hoses for liquefied natural gas (LNG) transportation is reviewed first, including the types, manufacturers, structural forms, performance, and key technical challenges. And then, the recent progress and prospect of cryogenic hoses for cryogenic liquid transportation (such as LNG and liquid oxygen) are summarized, including structure design, low-temperature resistant polymers, liquid oxygen compatible polymers, and leakage monitoring technologies. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research development and application of cryogenic hoses. Moreover, future research directions have been proposed to facilitate its practical applications in aerospace.
Rheology of Crumb Rubber-Modified Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA)
Authors: Al-Khateeb Ghazi G. , Sukkari Alaa , Ezzat Helal , Nasr Eyad , Zeiada Waleed
Published: March 2024

This study explores the impact of adding waste vehicular crumb rubber to the commercially available warm mix additives Sasobit® and Zycotherm® on modified asphalt binders’ physical and rheological properties. Various concentrations of crumb rubber (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were introduced to asphalt binder samples with 2% and 4% Sasobit and 1.5% and 3% Zycotherm. The investigation employed conventional tests (penetration and softening point) and advanced mechanical characterization tests, including Superpave rotational viscosity (RV), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), DSR multi-stress creep recovery (MSCR), DSR linear amplitude sweep (LAS), and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR). Traditional tests measured the asphalt consistency, while workability was assessed through the RV test. The results showed that the Zycotherm binders experienced a more significant penetration reduction than the Sasobit binders. Additionally, an increased crumb rubber content consistently elevated the softening point and rotational viscosity, enhancing the complex shear modulus (G*) values. Rubberized binders exhibited an improved rutting performance and low-temperature PG grades. Increasing the crumb rubber content enhanced fatigue life, with Z1.5CR20 and S2CR20 demonstrating the longest fatigue lives among the Zycotherm and Sasobit binders, respectively. Overall, Z1.5CR20 is recommended for colder climates, while S2CR20 is suitable for hot-climate applications based on extensive analysis.
Estimation of Environmental Effects and Response Time in Gas-Phase Explosives Detection Using Photoluminescence Quenching Method
Authors: Noh Daegwon , Oh Eunsoon
Published: March 2024

Detecting the presence of explosives is important to protect human lives during military conflicts and peacetime. Gas-phase detection of explosives can make use of the change of material properties, which can be sensitive to environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. This paper describes a remote-controlled automatic shutter method for the environmental impact assessment of photoluminescence (PL) sensors under near-open conditions. Utilizing the remote-sensing method, we obtained environmental effects without being exposed to sensing vapor molecules and explained how PL intensity was influenced by the temperature, humidity, and exposure time. We also developed a theoretical model including the effect of exciton diffusion for PL quenching, which worked well under limited molecular diffusions. Incomplete recovery of PL intensity or the degradation effect was considered as an additional factor in the model.
Mitigation of Silicon Contamination in Fuel Cell Gasket Materials through Silica Surface Treatment
Authors: Sim Yoo Lim , Lee Jaewon , Oh Su Min , Kim Dong Beom , Kim Kijong , Baeck Sung-Hyeon , Shim Sang Eun , Qian Yingjie
Published: March 2024

Gaskets and seals are essential components in the operation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and are required for keeping hydrogen and air/oxygen within their individual compartments. The durability of these gaskets and seals is necessary, as it influences not only the lifespan but also the electrochemical efficiency of the PEM fuel cell. In this study, the cause of silicon leaching from silicone gaskets under simulated fuel cell conditions was investigated. Additionally, to reduce silicon leaching, the silica surface was treated with methyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)trimethoxysilane. Changes in the silica surface chemistry were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy analysis revealed that surface-treated silica was highly effective in reducing silicon leaching.
The Origins of the Christian Idea of Trinity: Answering Jewish Charges of Heresy; Exhorting Pagans against Polytheism; Countering False Gnostics
Authors: Thompson Keith
Published: March 2024

In this essay I explain that the Christian doctrine of the Trinity was first developed as a response to Jewish claims of Christian apostasy and polytheism. At the beginning of Christianity, most of its converts were observant Jews. The Jewish authorities took steps to reclaim their lost sheep and to stem the flow of departures. Their primary intellectual ammunition in that effort was the claim that the Christians were polytheists, because they claimed to believe in two Gods–the Father and His Son, Jesus Christ. The Christians’ apostasy was manifest by simple referring to the Mosaic commandment that righteous Israel should have only one God. This Jewish accusation of polytheism also neatly answered the inflammatory Christian charge that the Jews had crucified God and raised significant doubt about their claims of a special resurrection. The doctrine of the Trinity answered all those criticisms. God and Jesus Christ together were the one true God. But the nature of that oneness took some time to work out, and it is within a process of contending with pagan philosophical arguments and intra-Christian heretical positions, that a Christian doctrine of the Trinity begins to congeal. The work of Ante-Nicene Fathers—Justin Martyr, Theophilus of Antioch, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, Origen, Novatian, and others—whose voices we allow to be heard below—contain a trajectory of ideas that explain how the tri-unity is expressed in the momentous Creeds of Nicaea (AD 325) and Constantinople (381).
Near-Surface Geophysical Characterization of a Marble Deposit to Promote a Sustainable Small-Scale Mining
Authors: Penna Nathália de Souza , Porsani Jorge Luís , Rangel Rodrigo Corra , Costa Victor Hugo Hott , Oliveira Nicolas Correa de , Stangari Marcelo Cesar , Sousa Conrado de Carvalho Braz de Faria
Published: March 2024

Small-scale mining (SSM) is responsible for almost all the production of non-metallic minerals in the world and represents around 80% of the mining in Brazil. The lack of direct geological information increases the level of uncertainty associated with the exploratory process, compromises mine planning, limits mineral extraction, and contributes to maximizing environmental issues. In this research, near-surface geophysical methods, including Electrical Resistivity, Capacitive Resistivity, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), and Transient Electromagnetic (TEM), were applied to characterize a marble deposit in an SSM located in the Campos do Jordão region, São Paulo state, southeast Brazil. The geophysical methods used provide indirect information about the subsurface geology based on the contrast in electrical and electromagnetic properties. Resistivity results show the efficiency of locating marble deposits, as well as fracture zones. GPR profiles allowed for the investigation of the structural heterogeneities in the subsurface. Geophysical data and lithological information from drill holes were integrated into Micromine software and guided the development of a geological model and a conceptual pit model. The information inferred from the pit modeling allowed us to analyze the potential of the deposit and should be used to assist in developing sustainable mining planning. The results of this work demonstrate that the investment in geophysical research can support the modernization of an SSM and contribute to more sustainable and productive mining.
Mood Profile Clusters among Greek Exercise Participants and Inactive Adults
Authors: Terry Peter C. , Parsons-Smith Renée L. , Vlachopoulos Symeon P. , Lane Andrew M.
Published: March 2024

Mood profile clusters have previously been identified in several cultural contexts. In the present study, six mood profile clusters referred to as the iceberg, inverse Everest, inverse iceberg, shark fin, submerged, and surface profiles, were investigated in a Greek population. The names of the mood profiles reflect how they appear after raw scores for Tension, Depression, Anger, Vigor, Fatigue, and Confusion (in that order), are converted to T-scores and depicted graphically. A Greek translation of the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS-Greek) was completed by 1786 adults, comprising 1417 exercise participants and 369 physically inactive adults (male = 578, female = 1208) aged 18–64 years (M = 34.73 ± 11.81 years). Although the male–female ratio emphasized females, sample sizes of over 500 suggest some degree of representativeness. Seeded k-means cluster analysis clearly identified the six hypothesized mood profiles. Men were over-represented for the iceberg profile. For age, the 18–25 years group were under-represented for the iceberg profile, whereas the 46–55 and 56+ years groups were over-represented. The 56+ years group were under-represented for the inverse Everest, and the 18–25 years group were over-represented for the shark fin profile. For body mass index (BMI), participants in the obese weight category were over-represented for the inverse iceberg and shark fin profiles and under-represented for the submerged profile. Active participants were over-represented for the iceberg and submerged profiles, and under-represented for the inverse Everest, inverse iceberg, and surface profiles. Findings supported the cross-cultural equivalence of the mood profile clusters and confirmed the link between physical inactivity, obesity, and negative mood profiles.
Nurturing Eco-Literate Minds: Unveiling the Pathways to Minimize Ecological Footprint in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Friman Hen , Banner Ifaa , Sitbon Yafa , Sahar-Inbar Limor , Shaked Nava
Published: March 2024

This research explores the vital role of the ecological footprint as a pivotal indicator in ecological assessments and its significance in advancing environmental sustainability. Investigating the intricate dynamics of human activities, resource consumption, waste management, and ecological impact, this study underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding. Key aspects such as renewable energy, economic growth, biomass capacity, and trade policy within the expanding field of energy consumption are thoroughly examined, with data collected from 624 randomly selected pupils. The research methodology involved pre- and post-activity knowledge assessments. The research places a particular focus on the innovative examination of early childhood education as a potent tool for reducing the ecological footprint. Drawing on insights from prior research, the authors argue that instilling ecological awareness and sustainable practices at a young age can yield lasting benefits. This article highlights successful collaboration between higher education institutions and elementary schools, specifically through the “Green Ambassadors in the Community” course at the Holon Institute of Technology (HIT). This study not only emphasizes the crucial role of educational institutions in fostering sustainable practices but also advocates for the urgent integration of environmental education into early childhood curricula.
The Transformation of Educational Values via Cultural Offerings in the Context of Teacher Education
Authors: Pavitola Linda , Latsone Lasma , Usca Svetlana
Published: March 2024

Education and culture are seen as key components of the learning process. In this context, discussions about the quality of education and approaches to strengthening educational values, as well as the importance of culture in the transmission of these values, are becoming increasingly relevant. However, in Latvia, studies regarding people who attend various cultural events do not focus on strengthening educational values or linking them to the cultural context. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore how educational values are linked to current trends in cultural offerings and how they are reflected in teacher education. The research methodology followed a qualitative and quantitative research paradigm and the specifics of interdisciplinary research. The data were obtained using surveys and focus group discussions. The overall strategy of the study is based on a holistic, multidisciplinary approach that takes the regional discourse in Latvia into account. The research results prove that cultural experiences have contributed to the development of most respondents’ personalities and emphasize the role of teachers in the transmission of educational values. The qualitative and educational content of cultural offerings promotes a culture of discussion, strengthens community consciousness, and shapes cultural taste.
Are Dryland Strength and Power Measurements Associated with Swimming Performance? Preliminary Results on Elite Paralympic Swimmers
Authors: Cavaggioni Luca , Scurati Raffaele , Tosin Massimiliano , Vernole Riccardo , Bonfanti Luca , Trecroci Athos , Formenti Damiano
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to identify the relationship between dryland tests and swimming performance in elite Paralympic swimmers. Fifteen competitive swimmers (age: 27.4 ± 5.4 years, height: 1.70 ± 6.8 m, body mass: 67.9 ± 9.2 kg; 9 males, 6 females) performed a lat pull-down and a bench press incremental load test to determine maximum power (Pmax), the strength corresponding to maximum power (F@Pmax), and the barbell velocity corresponding to maximum power (V@Pmax) from the force–velocity and power–velocity profiles. These outcomes were also normalized by the athlete’s body mass. Swimming performance was carried out from the best result in a 100 m freestyle race registered during an international competition. Lat pull-down F@Pmax was significantly associated with 100 m freestyle chronometric time (ρ = −0.56, p < 0.05), and lat pull-down V@Pmax presented a relationship with mean swimming velocity (ρ = 0.71, p < 0.01). Similarly, bench press F@Pmax and the normalized F@Pmax were significantly related to the mean swimming velocity (ρ = −0.51, ρ = −0.62, p < 0.05). Stepwise multiple regression showed that lat pull-down V@Pmax, bench press normF@Pmax, and V@Pmax accounted for 40.6%, 42.3%, and 65.8% (p < 0.05) of the mean swimming velocity variance. These preliminary results highlighted that simple dryland tests, although with a moderate relationship, are significantly associated with 100 m freestyle swimming performance in elite Paralympic swimmers.
Assessment of Implementing Green Logistics Principles in Railway Transport: The Case of Lithuania
Authors: Čižiūnienė Kristina , Matijošius Jonas , Sokolovskij Edgar , Balevičiūtė Justė
Published: March 2024

Today, green transport is a growing trend in terms of transport costs, CO2 emissions and satisfaction with logistics services. Green logistics is an environmentally friendly and sustainable logistics system that encompasses activities affecting logistics functions and processes, promoting the environment and the development of a circular economy. Rail transport is considered to be one of the least polluting modes of transport, but the fact that only electrified rail represents the concept of green logistics has been underemphasised, as the fleet consisting of diesel trains is a major challenge. This article aims to investigate the implementation of green logistics in railway transport in the case of Lithuania. The scientific literature, SWOT analysis, expert evaluation and parameter correlation methods were used to achieve this goal. An analysis of the internal and external factors of Lithuanian Railways in terms of green logistics has identified the main strengths of rail transport. These are environmental friendliness, electric trains reducing CO2 emissions, a strong focus on circular economy and others. The main weaknesses include the more extensive use of diesel trains, competition, etc. The external factors of the company show that the main opportunities are the reduction in net CO2 emissions to zero, the acquisition of more electric locomotives and others, while the main threats include an increase in energy costs or the complexity of implementing new technologies. An analysis of these factors has led to the construction of a SWOT matrix, which shows that the company’s strategy in the field of green logistics is quite strong, with more strengths than weaknesses. The results made it possible to identify the links between the individual implementation principles of green logistics in railway transport and provide strategic guidelines for the successful integration of green logistic principles into railway transport in Lithuania.
Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation Energy in University Classrooms: Simplified Model to Predict Trade-Offs and Synergies
Authors: Shoukry Farah , Raafat Rana , Tarabieh Khaled , Goubran Sherif
Published: March 2024

Students and educators spend significant time in learning spaces on university campuses. Energy efficiency has become a concern among facility managers, given the need to maintain acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ) levels during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper investigates the relationship between control and extraneous variables in a university classroom’s total mechanical ventilation (kWh). The model is built using Grasshopper software on Rhino Version 7. Our methodology encompasses (1) an extensive review of recent trends for studying IAQ and energy, (2) selecting parameters for simulation, (3) model configuration on Grasshopper, and finally, (4) a formulation of a pertinent equation to consolidate the relationship between the studied factors and the total mechanical ventilation energy (kWh). Central to this study are two key research questions: (1) What correlations exist between various parameters related to occupancy and IAQ in educational spaces? And (2) how can we optimize energy efficiency in university classrooms? The main contribution of this research is a generated equation representing the annual mechanical ventilation energy consumption based on selected parameters of classroom height, area, occupancy, window location, and ventilation rate of HVAC systems. We find that occupancy and class volume are the two most influential factors directly affecting mechanical ventilation energy consumption. The equation serves as a valuable estimation tool for facility managers, designers, and campus operations to investigate how fluctuations in occupancy can influence ventilation energy consumption in the physical attributes of a university classroom. This enables proactive decision-making, optimizing energy efficiency and resource allocation in real-time to promote sustainable and cost-effective campus operations.
Assessment of Environmental and Economic-Financial Feasibility of Biogas Plants for Agricultural Waste Treatment
Authors: Belinska Stefaniia , Bielik Peter , Adamičková Izabela , Husárová Patrícia , Onyshko Svitlana , Belinska Yanina
Published: March 2024

The use of individual biogas plants can be a means of solving many energy-environmental and financial-economic problems. The article aims to assess the prerequisites and consequences of using biogas plants at the macro and micro levels to search for opportunities to reduce the cost of their installation and make them more affordable for individual farms. The need for the use of biogas plants by farms is determined by the fact that these farms have a raw material base; the growing cost of energy resources pushes them to search for new sources of profit. At the micro level, the costs of biogas plants in the conditions of companies and individual farms in the Slovak Republic are evaluated. At the macro level, the aggravation of energy and agricultural problems and the need to transition to green technologies require a comprehensive approach to their solution. The article investigated the cost of purchasing and operating biogas plants based on a private company’s data. It assessed the cost of the construction of a biogas plant and more. The analysis of biogas plant operation results showed that its purchase and use by a farm can be financially unprofitable but bring significant benefits in the energy, environmental, and social dimensions.
A Sustainable Way Forward: Systematic Review of Transformer Technology in Social-Media-Based Disaster Analytics
Authors: Sufi Fahim
Published: March 2024

Transformer technologies, like generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) are increasingly utilized for understanding diverse social media content. Despite their popularity, there is a notable absence of a systematic literature review on their application in disaster analytics. This study investigates the utilization of transformer-based technology in analyzing social media data for disaster and emergency crisis events. Leveraging a systematic review methodology, 114 related works were collated from popular databases like Web of Science and Scopus. After deduplication and following the exclusion criteria, 53 scholarly articles were analyzed, revealing insights into the geographical distribution of research efforts, trends in publication output over time, publication venues, primary research domains, and prevalently used technology. The results show a significant increase in publications since 2020, with a predominant focus on computer science, followed by engineering and decision sciences. The results emphasize that within the realm of social-media-based disaster analytics, BERT was utilized in 29 papers, BERT-based methods were employed in 28 papers, and GPT-based approaches were featured in 4 papers, indicating their predominant usage in the field. Additionally, this study presents a novel classification scheme consisting of 10 distinct categories that thoroughly categorize all existing scholarly works on disaster monitoring. However, the study acknowledges limitations related to sycophantic behavior and hallucinations in GPT-based systems and raises ethical considerations and privacy concerns associated with the use of social media data. To address these issues, it proposes strategies for enhancing model robustness, refining data validation techniques, and integrating human oversight mechanisms.
Children’s Active Mobility to School: Evidence from Two Andean Cities
Authors: Orellana Daniel , Hermida Carla , Quezada Adriana , Andrade Jorge , Ballari Daniela
Published: March 2024

Active mobility to school (AMS) has been identified as a pivotal element in promoting health and physical activity during childhood, adolescence, and beyond. However, the importance of AMS is often downplayed or disregarded in urban and transportation planning, especially in Latin American cities. Factors such as cultural and political dynamics, socioeconomic conditions, urban and social environments, household and individual characteristics, and parental perceptions and attitudes collectively shape the mobility behavior of schoolchildren. This research analyzes the outcomes of a study on AMS at public schools in Cuenca and Ibarra (Ecuador), through the lens of the Socio-Ecological Model framework. The findings show that 47% of students from schools in Cuenca and 26% from Ibarra engage in active commuting to school for at least part of their journey. Key factors correlated with AMS include gender (individual dimension), travel duration, household socioeconomic characteristics, and parental attitudes towards active mobility (household dimension), as well as street-level attributes and land use density surrounding schools (urban environment dimension). This study offers three significant contributions: a detailed portrayal of student mobility behavior at six public schools in Cuenca and Ibarra, an exploration of the factors linked with active commuting, and a methodology for estimating land-use parameters.
Hydrothermally Treated Biomass Fly Ash as an Additive for Portland Cement
Authors: Kaminskas Rimvydas , Eisinas Anatolijus , Barauskas Irmantas , Gaivenis Motiejus
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to investigate the possibility of using biomass fly ash as a cement additive after hydrothermal modification. The treatment of biomass fly ash involves additional milling and curing under various hydrothermal conditions. Variation of the CaO/SiO2 ratio was achieved by mixing different samples of biomass fly ash. Samples with a CaO/SiO2 ratio of 1 and 1.5 were selected for synthesis, and cement samples with different amounts of the synthesized additive were examined. The research employed the following methodologies: XRD, XRF, DSC-TG, ICP-OES, and isothermal calorimetry. It was found that in all the biomass fly ash samples, calcium silicate hydrates already formed after 2 h of hydrothermal synthesis at 200 °C. Analysis of the chemical composition of the liquid medium after hydrothermal maintenance revealed an exceptionally low release of heavy metals from the samples. The synthesised additive accelerated the initial hydration of Portland cement. In total, 5% to 10% of the weight of cement can be replaced by hydrothermally treated biomass fly ash without reducing the compressive strength class of Portland cement samples.
A Symmetric Kernel Smoothing Estimation of the Time-Varying Coefficient for Medical Costs
Authors: Li Simeng , Deng Dianliang , Han Yuecai
Published: March 2024

In longitudinal studies, subjects are repeatedly observed at a set of distinct time points until the terminal event time. The time-varying coefficient model extends the parametric method and captures the dynamic trajectories of time-dependent covariate effects, thus enabling it to describe the potential relationship between the longitudinal variable and the observed time points. In this study, we propose a novel approach to the estimation of medical costs using a symmetric kernel smoothing method in the time-varying coefficient joint model. A smooth function of medical costs is derived by weighting the values of longitudinal data at all distinct observed time points via the combination of the kernel method and the inverse probability weighting method. For the simulation study, we first set up the true functions of time-varying coefficients; we then generated random samples for covariates and censored survival times. Subsequently, the longitudinal data of response variables could be produced. Further, numerical simulation experiments were conducted by using the proposed method and applying R code to the generated data. The estimated results for the parameters and non-parametric functions were compared with different settings. The numerical results illustrate that as the sample size increases, the bias and model-based standard errors decrease, and the performance improves with larger sample sizes. The estimates of functions in the model almost coincide with the true functions, as shown in the figures of the simulation study. Furthermore, the consistency of the obtained estimator is demonstrated via theoretical analysis, and a numerical simulation is performed to illustrate the performance of the proposed estimators. The proposed model is applied to a real-world data set acquired from a multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial (MADIT).