bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mythological motifs in the storybook by M. Moskvina “My Dog Loves Jazz”
Authors: Starostina Kseniya Vladimirovna
Published: February 2021

This article demonstrates the realization of mythological motifs in the Russian children’s literature of the late XX century, namely the story “My Dog Loves Jazz" by M. Moskvina. It is established that mythological motifs are used not only as artistic elements, but also as semantic constructs. The specificity of the story incorporates the motifs of justice, irony and game. The plot and existential component are reconstructed through the prism of mythology, which includes the elements of social experience and irrealistic course of the narrated events. The peculiarities of motif structure primarily manifest in the discussion of everyday life situations and prospects (career choice, parenting problems, purchasing clothes, ways to broaden outlook, vacation on the beach). The method of narration should be viewed as mythotypical symbolism, which manifests in the ambiguous and unpredictable of the finale of separate scenes, and allows intervening into the reader’s imagination. Colorfully delivering the interesting plotlines, the author allows the reader to reflect on themselves. The article indicates the positive energy of narration, which creates prerequisites for inspiration, new life pursuits, and desire to look at the world with eyes wide open. It is noted that this literary work contributes to the formation of morals in young generation.
Classification of elements of linguocultural information in the polycode text of printed advertising based on the material of Russian and Chinese languages
Authors: Zou Huajing , Novospasskaya Natalia  Viktorovna
Published: February 2021

The subject of the study of this article is a polycode text, considered from the point of view of value in intercultural communication. The research material was a block of social and commercial advertisements (40 units in Russian and 40 units in Chinese), in which linguistic and cultural information can be both the subject of advertising and the background for the advertised product, service or idea. In the course of the research, the method of comparative analysis of the verbal component of two languages, the method of comparing the content and execution of the elements of the iconic level and also the method of semantic analysis of the verbal component of the polycode text of printed advertising were used. В  The novelty of the research lies in the established fact of the impact on the reader of a polycode advertising text, which forms an idea of national values containing physical-geographical, figurative, cultural-historical material and spiritual aspects. In accordance with the results of the study, conclusions were drawn that the polycode text of printed advertising is an effective means of broadcasting and obtaining information about the cultural specifics of a nation, an effective tool that reflects the state of another culture through the use of semantic and linguistic means. The elements of linguistic and cultural information considered in the article are presented as accessible as possible in a combination of visual and textual means.
Sacred and profane in the Olympic running event of Antiquity
Authors: Kannykin Stanislav Vladimirovich
Published: February 2021

Stadion (running race) is the first and for a long time the only type of Olympic Agon, the “founder” of sports in its modern sense. The sociocultural background related to the emergence, development and modification of running sport of Antiquity is the spiritual foundation of the athletic competitiveness of modernity (“Olympism”), which underlines the philosophical importance and the relevance of research. The dualism of sacred and profane permeated not only athletic Agons, but Antiquity as w whole, being its Zeitgeist – 0 “spirit of the time’”. Through the prism of this binary opposition, running race is viewed as the original type of Olympic competitions. The acquired results can be applies in social philosophy, philosophical anthropology, and philosophy of sports. The novelty of this article consists in determination of attributes of the sacred (gratitude to the gods, obedience to their will, fear of their anger, and being rewarded by the deity), as well as attributes of the profane (cultivated “sprint” race as a symbol of a higher stage of development of the society, professionalization of running, running as a means of upbringing, health promotion and social dynamics, an indicator of civic maturity, etc.) components of the Olympic running race of Antiquity. The author also conducts their dialectical correlation within the framework of explanation of the straight trajectory of Olympic running, unity of the peacekeeping and military-applied significance of the Agons, as well as the pursuit of God-likeness and channeling of the socially dangerous energy of ambitiousness in running competitions of the athletes.
Sociocultural aspect of conflict of generations in the Tuvan society: modernity and prospects
Authors: Danchay-ool Ayas Anatolyevich , Davaa Ekaterina Karbyi-Oolovna
Published: February 2021

The object of this research is the transformational processes in the Tuvan culture, which take place due to transition from the centuries-old feudal structure to the modern globalized culture. The combination of interpenetrating cultural phenomena creates a unique context for the transformation of worldview, which becomes the basis of social unrest. Special attention is given to the problem of the conflict of generations, which arises due to disruption of the succession of cultural development in the Tuvan society. Drastic change of economic patterns and methods of interaction with nature under the new socioeconomic conditions, forms up the contradictory worldview of the younger generation, who identify themselves with the Tuvan ethnos, but fail to comply in practice. The conclusion is made on the presence of factors that aggravate the conflict of generations in the Tuvan society, which is undergoing the bidirectional influence of globalization. The author indicates the processes of implementation of innovations into social relations and tendency to archaization. The dynamism of socioeconomic development opens various opportunities for adaptation to different generations, which enhances the axiological gap. Moreover, the structure of transformation of social system takes roots in the change of mechanisms of socialization and education. The article reveals correlation between the problem of the conflict of generations and multiple aspects of the development of cultural-historical traditions. This provides a more holistic picture of the long-term development of Tuvan society.
Influence of desynchronized circadian rhythm on working memory, concentration and divided attention on pink collar shift workers of a tertiary care hospital: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Rao Sakshi , Anand Nirmala Subhash
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to find the influence of desynchronized circadian rhythm on working memory, concentration, and divided attention among pink collar shift workers of KLE Hospital as offering 24-h emergency health-care services and hospital care for critical patients by working in shifts can lead to circadian misalignment which can further impair alertness and deteriorate the performance, increase the medical errors and can negatively impact shift workers' health and quality of patient care.

Materials and Methods:

Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCF) was performed to assess working memory by visual-spatial constructional ability and visual memory. Symbol digit modality test (SDMT) was conducted to assess concentration ability by divided attention, visual scanning, tracking, and motor speed. Following which, a recall test was conducted without any prior warning. Statistical analysis was performed by mean ± SD, unpaired t-test and P-value.

Results:

Shift workers’ and controls’ scores expressed as (mean score ± SD), respectively, were in ROCF copy test (33.52 ± 3.45) and (35.04 ± 3.45), in ROCF recall test (19.68 ± 3.71) and (26.6 ± 2.37), and SDMT correct scores were (49.16 ± 2.34) and (58.6 ± 4.11), SDMT error scores were (1.4 ± 2.32) and (1 ± 1.24), while SDMT total score was (50.56 ± 3.32) and (59.6 ± 5.65).

Conclusion:

Results obtained showed that the mean score for copy test in shift workers was comparatively low but not significant, while in recall test, it was significantly lower indicating lower accuracy to perform a task. Furthermore, their working memory was significantly affected. In the SDMT, the mean correct score was lower, the error score was slightly higher and the total score was significantly lower in shift workers, indicating lower accuracy to perform tasks involving concentration and attention, lower concentration and a significantly lesser speed while performing tasks.
Effect of acute bout of moderate exercise on P300 component of event-related potential in young women during different phases of menstrual cycle: A pilot study
Authors: Challawar Rutuja , Menon Aparna , Kar Manisha , Mahapatra Sushil Chandra
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

Ovarian hormones not only regulate reproductive functions but also are implicated in emotional and cognitive processing. But, menstrual cycle studies do not provide convincing evidences. However, evidence supports a link between estrogen depletion and risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Physical exercise has shown to improve a person’s attentiveness and cognitive skills. Since both exercise and ovarian hormones may affect cognition, the present study intends to determine the effect of acute bout of moderate exercise on cognitive processing in young women in early proliferative phase and mid-luteal phase.

Materials and Methods:

It was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted on young, normally menstruating women of 18-35 years (n = 20). Each participant attended two laboratory sessions, early follicular phase (initial 3 days post-menstruation) and mid luteal phase (days 21-24). The participants filled up Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) and their basal central, brachial blood pressures and P300 Event Related Potential (ERP) were recorded. Then, the subjects performed step test till they achieved 60-80% of their maximum heart rate. Afterwards, their central and brachial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. The participants then filled up Borg perceived exertion scale questionnaire. Post exercise P300 ERP was recorded after 15 min of exercise.

Results:

Significant changes in all cardiovascular parameters in post-exercise session were observed in both phases of menstrual cycle. The amplitude and latencies of P300 ERP showed no significant difference at resting state (pre-exercise) during both phases. P300 ERP latency showed significant decrease in post-exercise session when recorded at Cz (P = 0.024, P = 0.05) and Pz position (P = 0.03, P = 0.003) in both phases except in Fz position. But there was no significant change in amplitude. MANCOVA analysis revealed that only amplitude of P300 ERP (P = 0.023) in post-exercise session during mid-luteal phase was affected by basal activity level significantly.

Conclusion:

The present study documented that an acute bout of moderate exercise caused significant decrease in latency of P300 ERP in the participants during both phases of menstrual cycle. Therefore, it can be stated that even acute bout of moderate exercise significantly enhances attention allocation, working memory in the participants; thereby it enhances cognitive functioning of the individual.
Organic Chemistry for First Year Medical Students: Addressing the 'Grand Public'
Authors: Matile Stefan
Published: February 2021

Experiences from 20 years of teaching organic chemistry at the Medical School of the University of Geneva are recollected. Emphasis is on the question how to address a large audience without particular passion for chemistry. The key lesson learned is to offer a substantial justification
for every topic right at the beginning, before the basics are covered. For instance, the course opens with vancomycin resistance, achieved by changing one functional group, even one atom into another, and introductory topics are then developed literally on the structure of a beautifully complex
natural product (relation of molecules, functional groups and atoms, introduction of functional groups, the octet rule, hybridization, later on also peptide chemistry, stereochemistry, etc.). Tamiflu is launched right afterwards as a possible justification why medical students should
learn reaction mechanisms, long before the concerned reaction, the transformation of an acetal into a hemiacetal, is discussed. Not all classical teaching topics are compatible with such ' relevance-triggered teaching ' (nomenclature certainly not, nor halogenoalkanes, aromatic substitutions,
alkynes, most of alkenes, spectroscopy, etc.). Other topics deserve more attention, like the more complex cyclic structures of sugars and steroids in the structural part and carbonyl chemistry, including catalysis, as the center of the reactivity part of the course. Difficult to measure,
such ' relevance-triggered ' course restructuring, inconceivable from a classical educational point of view, has been overall surprisingly well received, although definitely not by all students.
Questions for Classroom Response Systems and Teaching Instrumental Element Analysis
Authors: Schwarz Gunnar
Published: February 2021

Asking students questions is a central, although understudied and underappreciated, ingredient of teaching. Formative questioning provides many opportunities for teachers and students, e.g. to practice skills and receive feedback. Among other approaches, classroom response systems
(CRSs), which run on the mobile electronic devices of students, facilitate such active engagement of students in the lecture hall. This paper presents an overview on questions for teaching with a focus on questions for CRSs and provides considerations and brief guidelines for the development
of multiple-choice questions. Examples from a mid-sized analytical chemistry lecture illustrate additional challenges and different probes for potential misconceptions. Moreover, limitations of valid interpretation of students' responses are emphasized. This leads to a discussion of the value
of incorporating prompts for justifications into questions.
Evaluation of the Chemistry Knowledge of Students Entering the ETH Zurich with a Moodle Quiz
Authors: Müller Markus T. , Togni Antonio , Thilgen Carlo
Published: February 2021

The basic chemistry knowledge of first-year students in the disciplines Chemistry, Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Health Sciences and Technology has been evaluated within the first three weeks of the Fall semester with a Moodle-based quiz at ETH Zurich.
It consists of 37 small problems testing the knowledge that ETH students entering the lecture courses General Chemistry 1 (Inorganic Chemistry) (AC1) and Organic Chemistry 1 (OC1) should ideally have. An initial set of questions was developed by Bernhard Jaun (ETH Zurich) in
2007, it was combined with questions from an evaluation created in 2015 by Markus Müller (secondary school II teacher). The results of a total of 925 students who took part in the 2016 and 2017 evaluations are presented. It was found that 80% of the students of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences (AC1 course) and 70% of the students of Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Health Sciences and Technology (OC1 course) scored ?60%. Students who took the focus course (Schwerpunktfach) Biology and Chemistry at the SEK II level (Swiss
school system) performed on average 13–18% better and with a smaller standard deviation than other students. No significant differences were observed with regard to gender or the region in which the qualification for university entrance was obtained.
Chemical Education contra Chemophobia
Authors: Rulev Alexander
Published: February 2021

Where does a negative attitude towards chemistry come from? How does a person begin to fear chemicals and how can one fall in love with chemistry? The problem of chemophobia and the role of education in decreasing its levels are discussed.
Quantum Merlin-Arthur with Clifford Arthur
Authors: Morimae Tomoyuki , Hayashi Masahito , Nishimura Harumichi , Fujii Keisuke
Published: February 2021

We show that the class QMA does not change even if we restrict Arthur’s computing ability to only Clifford gate operations (plus classical XOR gate). The idea is to use the fact that the preparation of certain single-qubit states, so called magic states, plus any Clifford gate operations are universal for quantum computing. If Merlin is honest, he sends the witness plus magic states to Arthur. If Merlin is malicious, he might send other states to Arthur, but Arthur can verify the correctness of magic states by himself. We also generalize the result to QIP(3): we show that the class QIP(3) does not change even if the computational power of the verifier is restricted to only Clifford gate operations (plus classical XOR gate).
Monotonicity of quantum relative entropy and recoverability
Authors: Berta Mario , Lemm Marius , Wilde Mark M.
Published: February 2021

The relative entropy is a principal measure of distinguishability in quantum information theory, with its most important property being that it is non-increasing with respect to noisy quantum operations. Here, we establish a remainder term for this inequality that quantifies how well one can recover from a loss of information by employing a rotated Petz recovery map. The main approach for proving this refinement is to combine the methods of [Fawzi and Renner, 2014] with the notion of a relative typical subspace from [Bjelakovic and Siegmund-Schultze, 2003]. Our paper constitutes partial progress towards a remainder term which features just the Petz recovery map (not a rotated Petz map), a conjecture which would have many consequences in quantum information theory. A well known result states that the monotonicity of relative entropy with respect to quantum operations is equivalent to each of the following inequalities: strong subadditivity of entropy, concavity of conditional entropy, joint convexity of relative entropy, and monotonicity of relative entropy with respect to partial trace. We show that this equivalence holds true for refinements of all these inequalities in terms of the Petz recovery map. So either all of these refinements are true or all are false.
Maximally coherent states
Authors: Bai Zhaofang , Du Shuanping
Published: February 2021

The relative entropy measure quantifying coherence, a key property of quantum system, is proposed recently. In this note, we firstly investigate structural characterization of maximally coherent states with respect to the relative entropy measure. It is shown that mixed maximally coherent states do not exist and every pure maximally coherent state has the form U|ψihψ|U† , |ψi = √1 d Pd k=1 |ki, U is diagonal unitary. Based on the characterization of pure maximally coherent states, for a bipartite maximally coherent state with dA = dB, we obtain that the super-additivity equality of relative entropy measure holds if and only if the state is a product state of its reduced states. From the viewpoint of resource in quantum information, we find there exists a maximally coherent state with maximal entanglement. Originated from the behaviour of quantum correlation under the influence of quantum operations, we further classify the incoherent operations which send maximally coherent states to themselves.
Limit theorems of a two-phase quantum walk with one defect
Authors: Endo Shimpei , Endo Takako , Konno Norio , Takei Masato , Segawa Etsuo
Published: February 2021

We treat a position dependent quantum walk (QW) on the line which we assign two different time-evolution operators to positive and negative parts respectively. We call the model “the two-phase QW” here, which has been expected to be a mathematical model of the topological insulator. We obtain the stationary and time-averaged limit measures related to localization for the two-phase QW with one defect. This is the first result on localization for the two-phase QW. The analytical methods are mainly based on the splitted generating function of the solution for the eigenvalue problem, and the generating function of the weight of the passages of the model. In this paper, we call the methods “the splitted generating function method” and “the generating function method”, respectively. The explicit expression of the stationary measure is asymmetric for the origin, and depends on the initial state and the choice of the parameters of the model. On the other hand, the time-averaged limit measure has a starting point symmetry and localization effect heavily depends on the initial state and the parameters of the model. Regardless of the strong effect of the initial state and the parameters, the time-averaged limit measure also suggests that localization can be always observed for our two-phase QW. Furthermore, our results imply that there is an interesting relation between the stationary and time-averaged limit measures when the parameters of the model have specific periodicities, which suggests that there is a possibility that we can analyze localization of the two-phase QW with one defect from the stationary measure.
Quantum-enhanced secure delegated classical computing
Authors: Dunjko Vedran , Kapourniotis Theodoros , Kashefi Elham
Published: February 2021

We present a family of quantumly-enhanced protocols to achieve unconditionally secure delegated classical computation where the client and the server have both their classical and quantum computing capacity limited. We prove the same task cannot be achieved using only classical protocols. This extends the work of Anders and Browne on the computational power of correlations to a security setting. In doing so we are able to highlight the power of online quantum communication as we prove the same task could not be achieved using pre-shared (offline) quantum correlations.
On the relation between a graph code and a graph state
Authors: Hwang Yongsoo , Heo Jun
Published: February 2021

A graph state and a graph code respectively are defined based on a mathematical simple graph. In this work, we examine a relation between a graph state and a graph code both obtained from the same graph, and show that a graph state is a superposition of logical qubits of the related graph code. By using the relation, we first discuss that a local complementation which has been used for a graph state can be useful for searching locally equivalent stabilizer codes, and second provide a method to find a stabilizer group of a graph code.
Universality of beamsplitters
Authors: Sawicki Adam
Published: February 2021

We consider the problem of building an arbitrary N × N real orthogonal operator using a finite set, S, of elementary quantum optics gates operating on m ≤ N modes - the problem of universality of S on N modes. In particular, we focus on the universality problem of an m-mode beamsplitter. Using methods of control theory and some properties of rotations in three dimensions, we prove that any nontrivial real 2-mode and ‘almost’ any nontrivial real 3-mode beamsplitter is universal on m ≥ 3 modes.
A localized quantum walk with a gap in distribution
Authors: Machida Takuya
Published: February 2021

Quantum walks behave differently from what we expect and their probability distributions have unique structures. They have localization, singularities, a gap, and so on. Those features have been discovered from the view point of mathematics and reported as limit theorems. In this paper we focus on a time-dependent three-state quantum walk on the line and demonstrate a limit distribution. Three coin states at each position are iteratively updated by a coin-flip operator and a position-shift operator. As the result of the evolution, we end up to observe both localization and a gap in the limit distribution.
Efficacy Of Core Strengthening Exercises On Swissball Versus Conventional Exercises For Improving Trunk Balance In Hemiplegic Patients Following Stroke
Authors: Subrat N. Samal  , Snehal S. Samal  , Neha Ingale Chaudhary  , Sachin Chaudhary  , Vasant Gawande
Published: February 2021

In stroke, there is paralysis or weakness of one side of the body including upper limb, trunk and lower limb leading to the disturbances in the trunk muscles. Trunk is often neglected part in the stroke rehabilitation, trunk training exercises and Swiss ball exercises results in better recruitment of trunk muscles thus improving sitting balance. To compare the effect of core strengthening exercises on Swiss ball and Conventional exercise, to improve trunk balance in hemiplegic patients following stroke. A total number of 70 subjects were screened as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into two groups, Group-A received core strengthening exercises on Swiss ball along with conventional treatment and Group-B received core strengthening exercises along with conventional treatment. Subjects showed improvement in trunk balance following 6 weeks of core strengthening exercises.Post-intervention the TIS, BBA and MBI score of both groups improved but the Group-A improved more significantly than Group-B. The level of significance was P<0. 0001. This study concluded that both the interventions have improved the trunk balance and activity of daily living by making the patient functionally independent.
IRAN’S POSITION IN THE WORLD IN TERMS OF REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS, Afzali Mehdi
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the concepts of refugees and asylum seekers in Iran, in this study the key statistics and studies of forced migration, are considered and in this concept the definition and statistics of number of Iranian refugees and asylum seekers is developing a form to understand the scale, reasons, and the direction of forced migration mobility from Iran since it has been one of the main destination and origin countries of forced migration. As the number of refugees and asylum seekers continues to grow, concerns are growing about the formation and the type of Iranian diasporas who are living in the other countries that will impact on certain socio-political structure of the country, especially those had left the country after the 1979 Islamic revolution and Iran-Iraq war from 1980-1988. Although so far we know that, the reasons of forced migration is depended on many social factors, whether and how this type of migration consequences will affect the internal socio-political situation of Iran is still unclear and is hardly possible due to data quality, lack of data and timing issues, however, in long run as a result of forced migration and increase in the number of refugees and asylum seekers will have a negative impact on the refugees’ perception towards their country and the current regime. Moreover, forced migration has emerged in the world tightly related to social problems, Findings in this study show that, this type of migration has increased in Iran after controversial presidential election and the “green movement” protest in 2009 which stimulated forced migration from Iran to European countries, and it has formed a very political diaspora, that is consists of specialists, liberals, activists, etc. therefore, Iran as one of the main countries of origin and destination of refugees and asylum seekers experiences the forced migration because of the factors such as: human rights for political activists and defenders, prisoners’ rights and treatment, women’s right and rights of religious minorities, that have increased the illegal methods of emigration, people were smuggled across the borders, and many of people have used different methods such as changing religion as a tool to apply for asylum on the grounds that conversion from Islam is punishable by the Islamic republic of Iran.
MODERN TRENDS OF INTERREGIONAL MIGRATION IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS, Mikrukov Nikolay Yu. , Pismennaya Elena E. ,   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS,   Financial University under Governmental of Russia, Bezverbny Vadim A. ,   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS,   MGIMO University, Ryazantsev Sergey V. ,   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS,   MGIMO University
Published: February 2021

The article examines the features of interregional migration of the population in the Russian Federation in the context of socio-economic inequality. Based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service for Migration Registration at the place of residence, which is carried out by the internal affairs bodies on the basis of the facts of registration and removal from migration registration of Russian and foreign citizens. Based on the data on migration gain (loss), two performance zones in the country have been identified. The first is the zone of migration outflow, which includes the regions of the eastern part of the country, including Siberia and the Far East, the European and Asian North, the Urals, the Volga region and a significant part of Central Russia (except for the capital cities and several regions). The second zone is represented by islands of relative migratory well-being, which have a migration gain (Moscow, Krasnodar Territory, St. Petersburg, Leningrad Region, Kaliningrad and some others). The concept of regions-attractors, that is, territories of steadily receiving migrants over a long period of time, is proposed. The most significant region-attractor in Russia is the Moscow agglomeration. The study shows that in the overwhelming majority of regions of Russia, during the interregional exchange of migrants, the overwhelming majority of those who leave are sent to the Moscow capital region. In fact, the Moscow region has become a magnet of an all-Russian scale for most of the country's territories, not only losing pure population, but also for the regions — regional attractors. Migration decline in population leads to negative socio-economic and demographic consequences for the regions of Russia. First of all, the age structure of the population is aging due to the migration outflow of young people. Irreversible migration losses also have a negative socio-economic dimension, hinder economic develop-ment, “wash out” labor resources from the labor market, primarily qualified and highly qualified. Russian regions that are losing population in general and young people in particular are deprived of not only human capital, but also intellectual resources, and also lose progressive energy and social optimism for their development. This, in its own way, hinders the socio-economic development of the territory.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE TO FAMILIES IN SELF-ISOLATION DURING THE COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Sorokoumova Elena A. , Cherdymova Elena I. ,   Samara State University, Department of Sociology and Cultural Studies, Puchkova Elena B. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Fadeev Dmitri S. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of the study of the possibility of providing psychological assis-tance to the population through information psychological support in the form of videos containing psychological recommendations to families in forced isolation during the COVID 19 coronavirus pandemic. Forced self-isolation creates emotional tension in the family, as this social situation is new for all family members and the possibilities of adaptation to it have not yet been formed. In this regard, the role of psychological assistance to families to optimize psychological well-being and minimize the negative psychological consequences caused by self-isolation is increasing. The study was conducted according to the author's method and contained two stages: 1) viewing three videos on the relevant topics ("Children at home" "Conflict is right", "How to behave in quarantine"); 2) Google-form questionnaires for each video to get feedback on the effectiveness of understanding, assimilation and the use of psychological information contained in the videos. Respondents were men and women between the ages of 25 and 50 who were married and had children in their families. The authors found that the majority of respondents recognize the importance and usefulness of the information contained in the videos, more often do not consider it new and are ready to use it in everyday life. It has been established that the method of information psychological support proposed by the authors is relevant for Russian families in conditions of forced self-isolation during the pandemic, and can also be used on a regular basis in the practice of providing psychological assistance to these.
FEATURES OF EXPERIENCING THE EPIDEMIC IN RURAL LIFE: THE IMPACT OF SOVEREIGNTY AND HISTORICAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Institute of Psychology Russian Academy of Sciences, Kretova Lola A.
Published: February 2021

The lifeworld of former townspeople escaping megalopolises and moving to the countryside obtains a special significance in the context of isolation and epidemic. Our goal is to describe the structure of this world, to identify its ontological features that are not determined by the historical context. Substantial autonomy and psychological sovereignty are, in our opinion, a significant part of the lifeworld of a suburban/rural resident and come to the fore when we consider their coping with critical situations. In this paper, based on the literature evidence of personal experience, we examine the specific characteristics of the experience of the epidemic as a critical situation, conditioned by the structure of the lifeworld of a suburban/rural resident. Central to our research was the autobiographical text of A. T. Bolotov about his experience of the plague epidemic of 1770–1772. It was compared with autobiographical notes of later authors and current reports of megalopolis and rural residents about their personal experience of COVID-19 pandemic. Phenomenological and hermeneutic analysis of textual data shows that the experience of a critical situation in rural life differs from the experience in a large city; the differences are associated with the sovereignty and simplicity of the lifeworld of suburban/rural residents.
PROBLEM OF THE SUBJECT OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Authors:   Military University of the Defense Ministry of the Russian Federation, Shchetinina Viktoria V. , Luneva Svetlana I. ,   Russian state social University
Published: February 2021

The article defines the relevance of revising modern ideas about the subject of social psy-chology in the direction of post-non-classical rationality in the context of paradigm dynamics. Interpretations of the subject of psychology by leading Russian methodologists V. A. Mazilov, I. A. Mironenko and V. E. Klochko are considered. The paper reveals the main foreign socio-psychological theories that studied social representations, social identity, etc. phenomena that explained one or another part of the socio-psychological reality. The article contains interpretations of the subject of social psychology as a branch of scientific knowledge by B. D. Parygin and G. M. Andreeva. The authors formulate the problem of defining the modern subject of social psychology in terms of recognizing the ideas of multi-subject and contextuality introduced into psychology in connection with the orientation to post-non-classical rationality.
ADAPTATION OF WOMEN TO THE CONDITIONS OF THE ARMY ENVIRONMENT: PEDAGOGICAL CONSIDERATION
Authors:   Buryat Republican Institute of Educational Policy, Tsyrenov Vladimir Ts. , Morozova Olesya A.
Published: February 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the need to reveal the content and characteristics of the adaptation of female military personnel to the conditions of the army environment. The purpose of the study is outlined: to determine the characteristics of adaptation and identify social problems of female military personnel to develop a program for their adaptation to the army environment. The study involved 156 military personnel, including 76 female military personnel aged 20 to 30 years and older in Ulan-Ude, Republic of Buryatia. To diagnose the personal adaptive potential, we used the multilevel personality questionnaire of the MLO “Adaptability” by A.G. Maklakov and S.V. Chermyanin. To assess the influence of factors of the army environment on the adaptation of female military personnel, a questionnaire survey method was used, which was carried out anonymously, followed by a statistical analysis of the results. The problems of adaptation of female military personnel to the army environment, connected with gender competition, with the ability to withstand role overload, as well as serious intel-lectual, emotional and physical stress, are considered. It has been established that, being a subject of professional activity, female military personnel are guided by male role behavior, nevertheless, they are expected to have a weak professional and qualification growth. 6.7% of female military personnel showed signs of maladjustment disorders, there are such asthenic reactions as sleep deterioration, decreased appetite, high level of anxiety; expressed neuropsychic stress, aggressiveness, impulsive reactions, bouts of uncontrolled anger, deterioration of interpersonal contacts. The results of the study of the motives for choosing a profession, satisfaction with service in the army are given, the difficulties associated with adaptation to army life are described, the dynamics of the value orientations of female military personnel is revealed. It is noted that determining the level of adaptation of female military per-sonnel will make it possible to develop a program for harmonizing the components of the adaptive potential and implement it taking into account age, gender, ethnic, personal characteristics and the specifics of the army environment. It was found that motivational, regulatory and emotional characteristics in the structure of the adaptive potential can become the basis for adaptation to the army environment. The need for the development and implementation of programs for escorting female military personnel is indicated.
Antibacterial activity of taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) leaves extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its effect on microbial population in sardine (Sardinella longiceps Val.)
Authors: Padzil K.N.M. , Ayob N.M. , Alzabt A.M. , Rukayadi Y.
Published: February 2021

Colocasia esculenta L. which is popularly known in Malaysia as ‘‘keladi’’ has extensive
traditional uses for certain of the plant part such as the leaves, corm and stem. An earlier
study has reported on the analysis of its pharmacological properties such as antiinflammatory and antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial
activity of C. esculenta L. leaves extracts against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737
and Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 and its effect on the microbial population of
sardine. The extract was tested for antibacterial activity against S. aureus and V.
parahaemolyticus in term of disc diffusion assay (DDA), minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and killing time curve
by using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) methods. DDA assay of the
extract resulted in 8.40±0.10 mm and 8.20±0.16 mm of inhibition zone of the extract on S.
aureus and V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. The extract can inhibit the growth of S.
aureus and V. parahaemolyticus with MICs values of 1.25±0.00 and 0.31±0.00 mg/mL
and can kill the bacteria with MBCs values of 2.50±0.00 and 0.63±0.00 mg/mL,
respectively. The killing time analyses showed that the S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus
can be killed completely for 4 hrs at 2 × MIC (25.0 mg/mL) and 2 × MIC (6.25 mg/mL),
respectively. Application of the extract on sardine samples shows significant reduction in
total plate count (TPC), S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus count after treated with 5.00%
of the extract and stored at 4˚C for 30 mins. Based on the findings, it indicates that C.
esculenta L. can be listed as one of the alternatives natural sanitiser or preservative agent
to reduce the bacterial loading of raw sardine prior to cooking
Potential of corncobs (Zea mays) fraction as tyrosinase inhibitor and natural antioxidant in vitro
Authors: Dewi I.K. , Pramono S. , Rohman A. , Matien R.
Published: February 2021

Corncobs (Zea mays) are beneficial to human health as they contain tyrosinase inhibitors
and natural antioxidants, but they are not used as they are considered as waste. This
research evaluated the inhibition test towards tyrosinase enzyme and antioxidant activity
of corncob fraction using in-vitro DPPH method and its correlation to phenolic and
flavonoids. Corncob fraction was extracted using the maceration method applying 70%
ethanol solvent. The ethanol extract of corncob was suspended by water and then
partitioned with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aquadest to produce three fractions
(chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aquadest fractions). These fractions were analyzed through
the tyrosinase inhibition test, applying in vitro tyrosinase enzyme inhibition and
antioxidant activity using radical scavenging test DPPH (2 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl).
Meanwhile, the total phenolic and flavonoids content tests were determined
spectroscopically. The results showed ethyl acetate fraction had the highest tyrosinase
activity with IC50 values of 185.76 µg/mL, followed by the aquadest fraction (IC50
676.44µg/ml) and the chloroform fraction (IC50 709.26 µg/mL). The antioxidant activity
using DPPH radical scavenging method exhibited that ethyl acetate fraction had the
highest antioxidant activity with IC50 of 25.79 µg/mL followed by the chloroform fraction
(IC50 of 29.15 µg/mL) and the aquadest fraction (IC50 of 32.41 µg/mL). The total phenolic
content of the corncob fraction ranged between 1.73 to 7.43% (w/w) gallic acid
equivalents (GAE), while the entire flavonoid content ranged between 0.01 to 1.34% (w/
w) quercetin equivalent (QE). The tyrosinase activity and antioxidants of the corncob
fractions correlated with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents.
Polyester Rope Suspended Footbridge – Five Years in Service
Authors: Woodward Ryan M. , Cowie Margaret M. , Caplan Tamar J. , Mahan Jennifer A. , McManus Devin
Published: February 2021

A footbridge was built in 2013 in rural Morocco using lightweight polyester rope, spanning 64 meters (210 feet) across a deep ravine. The area is prone to perennial flash flooding, cutting off access to schools, the local clinic, and the market for weeks at a time. After five years of service, the design team returned to inspect the structural condition, and replace one of the main ropes. The decommissioned rope was subjected to load testing and dissection, and was found to be in excellent condition.

The novel use of synthetic rope offered some advantages over steel wire rope typically used for this type of project, and the team developed strategies to work efficiently with this unusual material. Particularly, its light weight makes it substantially less costly and simpler to transport to the construction site (the rope was procured in the U.S. and shipped to Morocco in backpacks). As it is less sensitive to the effects of twisting, the rope does not require the level of care typical of wire rope.

The paper will discuss unique aspects of construction, and challenges related to ongoing maintenance of this type of infrastructure in a developing country.
Upside Down: Historic Tram Goes Underground – an Infrastructure Challenge on the Way to a Modern City
Authors: Pekoll Oskar-H.
Published: February 2021

To deal with the high volume of traffic in the historic city center of Karlsruhe (Germany), the track system of the historic surface tram is moved underground.

First, seven underground stations are built, which are then connected by using a tunnel boring machine for excavation of the tracks. While the traffic continues on the surface, the new underground stations are being built in sections using the dig-and-cast construction method. Due to the high ground water level bore piles and diaphragm walls of reinforced concrete / concrete cut-off wall are used as excavation pit shoring. A grouted sealing blanket made using jet grouting processes serves as horizontal blanket.

The cover is made while the traffic continues overhead, to this end traffic routing of road and tram traffic is altered in several stages of construction. The subsequent removal of the soil is realized via this newly created tunnel system – this way no truck traffic has to pass through the city center.

The construction is a challenge to permit a limitation of the deformations in relation to the settlement of the immediately adjacent historic buildings and also in the logistics of the construction while keeping the traffic above ground running.
35 Hudson Yards: Adapting to Urban Infrastructure with High Strength Concrete
Authors: Besjak Charles , Kim Bonghwan , Thewis Alexandra , Zhuang Jing
Published: February 2021

The urban context provides unique challenges and opportunities for engineering. In New York, large blocks of land previously dedicated to railyard functions are being reclaimed as new urban centers. 35 Hudson Yards is a 72-story mixed-use building located entirely over railroad tracks in midtown Manhattan. To construct the highest residential tower at Hudson Yards, innovative solutions using high strength concrete are required to manage load path and structural integrity challenges. The 308 meter (1,010 feet) high reinforced concrete structure coordinates core wall and column placement with the constraints imposed by the existing infrastructure below. “Tuning” of the concrete system adapt the tower structure to the capacities of the foundations and platform structure designed before the superstructure. Lower levels of the supertall also act as bridging elements, spanning across tracks to channel tower loads to limited lines of support. Despite its impressive height and the structural challenges of the site, 35 Hudson Yards is a robust, stiff structure, designed to resist strong winds from the Hudson River and constructed with an aggressive schedule, utilizing two day cycles for the residential levels. It is a quintessential New York achievement—a bold statement of architecture and engineering, overcoming constraints and maintaining non-stop operation of critical infrastructure.
Optimization studies on diagrid columns realized with Wire-and-Arc Additive Manufacturing process
Authors: Laghi Vittoria , Palermo Michele , Gasparini Giada , Trombetti Tomaso
Published: February 2021

The present work explores the possibilities of 3D printing applied to structural engineering field to create innovative design and optimized shapes. By means of Wire-and-Arc Additive Manufacturing, structural members are manufactured by placing layer upon layer of welded steel material in an automated process. Additive Manufacturing, thanks to the theoretical freedom in the geometrical shapes that can be obtained, open completely new possibilities for designers. On the other hand, specific aspects related to material properties and geometrical irregularities characteristics of such innovative manufacturing processes have to be properly considered in the design phase. Along with digital design tools recently developed and applied in architecture and construction for the realization of new shapes and forms through parametric design, the work presents a new structural shape for diagrid columns to obtain structurally optimized forms adapted to be efficiently realized by means of Wire-and-Arc Additive Manufacturing process taking into account the specific features of the printing process. The outcome of the study is the final realization of the column in a 1:2 scaled dimension. These first engineering evaluations are intended to pave the way towards the design of a new family of optimized structural elements to be efficiently 3D-printed, towards the fully-automated design and construction of novel 3D-printed building structures.