bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction and optimization of inventory management system via cloud-edge collaborative computing in supply chain environment in the Internet of Things era
Authors: Ran Hailan
Published: November 2021

The present work aims to strengthen the core competitiveness of industrial enterprises in the supply chain environment, and enhance the efficiency of inventory management and the utilization rate of inventory resources. First, an analysis is performed on the supply and demand relationship between suppliers and manufacturers in the supply chain environment and the production mode of intelligent plant based on cloud manufacturing. It is found that the efficient management of spare parts inventory can effectively reduce costs and improve service levels. On this basis, different prediction methods are proposed for different data types of spare parts demand, which are all verified. Finally, the inventory management system based on cloud-edge collaborative computing is constructed, and the genetic algorithm is selected as a comparison to validate the performance of the system reported here. The experimental results indicate that prediction method based on weighted summation of eigenvalues and fitting proposed here has the smallest error and the best fitting effect in the demand prediction of machine spare parts, and the minimum error after fitting is only 2.2%. Besides, the spare parts demand prediction method can well complete the prediction in the face of three different types of time series of spare parts demand data, and the relative error of prediction is maintained at about 10%. This prediction system can meet the basic requirements of spare parts demand prediction and achieve higher prediction accuracy than the periodic prediction method. Moreover, the inventory management system based on cloud-edge collaborative computing has shorter processing time, higher efficiency, better stability, and better overall performance than genetic algorithm. The research results provide reference and ideas for the application of edge computing in inventory management, which have certain reference significance and application value.
Estimating the infant mortality rate from DHS birth histories in the presence of age heaping
Authors: Romero Prieto Julio , Verhulst Andrea , Guillot Michel
Published: November 2021

Background

The infant mortality rate (IMR) is a critical indicator of population health, but its measurement is subject to response bias in countries without complete vital registration systems who rely instead on birth histories collected via sample surveys. One of the most salient bias is the fact that child deaths in these birth histories tend to be reported with a large amount of heaping at age 12 months. Because of this issue, analysts and international agencies do not directly use IMR estimates based on surveys such as Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS); they rely instead on mortality models such as model life tables. The use of model life tables in this context, however, is arbitrary, and the extent to which this approach appropriately addresses bias in DHS-based IMR estimates remains unclear. This hinders our ability to monitor IMR levels and trends in low-and middle-income countries. The objective of this study is to evaluate age heaping bias in DHS-based IMR estimates and propose an improved method for adjusting this bias.

Methods and findings

Our method relies on a recently-developed log-quadratic model that can predict age-specific mortality by detailed age between 0 and 5. The model’s coefficients were derived from a newly constituted database, the Under-5 Mortality Database (U5MD), that represents the mortality experience of countries with high-quality vital registration data. We applied this model to 204 DHS surveys, and compared unadjusted IMR values to IMR values adjusted with the log-quadratic model as well as with the classic model life table approach. Results show that contrary to existing knowledge, age heaping at age 12 months rarely generates a large amount of bias in IMR estimates. In most cases, the unadjusted IMR values were not deviating by more than +/- 5% from the adjusted values. The model life table approach, by contrast, introduced an unwarranted, downward bias in adjusted IMR values. We also found that two regions, Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, present age patterns of under-5 mortality that strongly depart from the experience represented in the U5MD. For these countries, neither the existing model life tables nor the log-quadratic model can produce empirically-supported IMR adjustments.

Conclusions

Age heaping at age 12 months produces a smaller amount of bias in DHS-based IMR estimates than previously thought. If a large amount of age heaping is present in a survey, the log-quadratic model allows users to evaluate, and whenever necessary, adjust IMR estimates in a way that is more informed by the local mortality pattern than existing approaches. Future research should be devoted to understanding why Sub-Saharan African and South Asian countries have such distinct age patterns of under-five mortality.
Engineered red blood cells carrying PCSK9 inhibitors persistently lower LDL and prevent obesity
Authors: Deshycka Rhogerry , Sudaryo Valentino , Huang Nai-Jia , Xie Yushu , Smeding Liyan Y. , Choi Moon Kyung , Ploegh Hidde L. , Lodish Harvey F. , Pishesha Novalia
Published: November 2021

Low plasma levels of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 (PCSK9) are associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. PCSK9 binds to the epidermal growth factor-like repeat A (EGFA) domain of LDL receptors (LDLR), very low-density lipoprotein receptors (VLDLR), apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), and lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 (LRP1) and accelerates their degradation, thus acting as a key regulator of lipid metabolism. Antibody and RNAi—based PCSK9 inhibitor treatments lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular incidents in patients, but their high-cost hampers market penetration. We sought to develop a safe, long-term and one-time solution to treat hyperlipidemia. We created a cDNA encoding a chimeric protein in which the extracellular N- terminus of red blood cells (RBCs) specific glycophorin A was fused to the LDLR EGFA domain and introduced this gene into mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Following transplantation into irradiated mice, the animals produced RBCs with the EGFA domain (EGFA-GPA RBCs) displayed on their surface. These animals showed significantly reduced plasma PCSK9 (66.5% decrease) and reduced LDL levels (40% decrease) for as long as 12 months post-transplantation. Furthermore, the EGFA- GPA mice remained lean for life and maintained normal body weight under a high-fat diet. Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy can generate red blood cells expressing an EGFA—glycophorin A chimeric protein as a practical and long-term strategy for treating chronic hyperlipidemia and obesity.
Teachers’ visual processing of children’s off-task behaviors in class: A comparison between teachers and student teachers
Authors: Shinoda Hirofumi , Yamamoto Tsuyoshi , Imai-Matsumura Kyoko
Published: November 2021

As teachers are responsible for responding instantaneously to students’ statements and actions, the progress of the class, and their teaching purpose, they need to be able to engage in responsive teaching. Teachers obtain information about students’ learning by observing them in the classroom, and subsequently make instructional decisions based on this information. Teachers need to be sensitive to student behaviors and respond accordingly, because there are students who follow the teacher’s instructions and those who do not in every classroom. Skilled teachers may distribute their gaze over the entire class and discover off-task behaviors. So how does a teacher’s visual processing and noticing ability develop? It is important to clarify this process for both experienced teachers and student teachers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in visual processing and the ability to notice off-task behaviors in class between teachers and student teachers through gaze analysis. Using an eye tracking device, 76 teachers and 147 student teachers were asked to watch a video, and gaze measurements were collected. In the video, students exhibiting off-task behaviors in class were prompted by their classroom teacher to participate in the lesson. After the video, the participants were asked if they could identify the students who had displayed off-task behaviors and whom the teachers had warned. The results showed that teachers gazed at students engaging in off-task behaviors in class more often and noticed them at a higher rate than student teachers did. These results may be attributed to differences in the experiences of visual processing of relevant information in the classroom between teachers and student teachers. Thus, the findings on teachers’ visual processing by direct measurement of gaze will be able to contribute to teachers’ development.
Joint transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the mechanism of low-temperature tolerance in Hosta ventricosa
Authors: Zhuang QianQian , Chen Shaopeng , Jua ZhiXin , Yao Yue
Published: November 2021

Hosta ventricosa is a robust ornamental perennial plant that can tolerate low temperatures, and which is widely used in urban landscaping design in Northeast China. However, the mechanism of cold-stress tolerance in this species is unclear. A combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis was used to explore the mechanism of low-temperature tolerance in H. ventricosa. A total of 12 059 differentially expressed genes and 131 differentially expressed metabolites were obtained, which were mainly concentrated in the signal transduction and phenylpropanoid metabolic pathways. In the process of low-temperature signal transduction, possibly by transmitting Ca2+ inside and outside the cell through the ion channels on the three cell membranes of COLD, CNGCs and CRLK, H. ventricosa senses temperature changes and stimulates SCRM to combine with DREB through the MAPK signal pathway and Ca2+ signal sensors such as CBL, thus strengthening its low-temperature resistance. The pathways of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism represent the main mechanism of low-temperature tolerance in this species. The plant protects itself from low-temperature damage by increasing its content of genistein, scopolentin and scopolin. It is speculated that H. ventricosa can also adjust the content ratio of sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol and thereby alter the morphological structure of its cell walls and so increase its resistance to low temperatures.When subjected to low-temperature stress, H. ventricosa perceives temperature changes via COLD, CNGCs and CRLK, and protection from low-temperature damage is achieved by an increase in the levels of genistein, scopolentin and scopolin through the pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis.
Land reclamation pattern and environmental regulation guidelines for port clusters in the Bohai Sea, China
Authors: Zhu Gaoru , Xie Zhenglei , Xu Honglei , Liang Minxuan , Cheng Jinxiang , Gao Yujian , Zhang Liguo
Published: November 2021

Coastal land reclamation (CLR), particularly port reclamation, is a common approach to alleviating land shortages. However, the spatial extent, percentages, and processes of these newly reclaimed ports are largely unknown. The Bohai Sea is the most concentrated area of port reclamation worldwide. Thus, this study addresses the changes in the different coastline types and port reclamation process in the area. The reclamation area of the 13 ports in the Bohai Sea in 2002–2018 was 2,300 km2, which decreased the area of the sea by 3%. The natural coastline length in Tianjin decreased by 47.5 km, whereas the artificial coastline length increased by 46.6 km. Based on the port boundary, however, only 26.3% of the reclaimed areas have been used for port construction, which concentrates in the Tianjin and Tangshan ports. The ratio of built-up area within the ports is only 32.5%, and approximately 48.3% of the reclaimed areas have no construction projects. The port land reclamation in the Bohai Sea has been undergoing periods of acceleration, peak, deceleration, and stagnation since 2002. Hence, future port reclamation should not be totally prohibited, and fine management should be conducted based on the optimization of the reclaimed port area. The innovation of this research is its analysis of the port internal land use pattern, the percentage of built-up area in the ports, and the sustainability of port reclamation policies. The findings have vital implications for scientifically regulating the spatial pattern and exploring the utility of port reclamation.
Latent classes associated with the intention to use a symptom checker for self-triage
Authors: Aboueid Stephanie , Meyer Samantha B. , Wallace James , Chaurasia Ashok
Published: November 2021

It is currently unknown which attitude-based profiles are associated with symptom checker use for self-triage. We sought to identify, among university students, attitude-based latent classes (population profiles) and the association between latent classes with the future use of symptom checkers for self-triage. Informed by the Technology Acceptance Model and a larger mixed methods study, a cross-sectional survey was developed and administered to students (aged between 18 and 34 years of age) at a University in Ontario. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify attitude-based profiles that exist among the sample while general linear modeling was applied to identify the association between latent classes and future symptom checker use for self-triage. Of the 1,547 students who opened the survey link, 1,365 did not use a symptom checker in the past year and were thus identified as “non-users”. After removing missing data (remaining sample = n = 1,305), LCA revealed five attitude-based profiles: tech acceptors, tech rejectors, skeptics, tech seekers, and unsure acceptors. Tech acceptors and tech rejectors were the most and least prevalent classes, respectively. As compared to tech rejectors, tech seekers and unsure acceptors were the latent classes with the highest and lowest odds of future symptom checker use, respectively. After controlling for confounders, the effect of latent classes on symptom checker use remains significant (p-value < .0001) with the odds of future use in tech acceptors being 5.6 times higher than the odds of future symptom checker use in tech rejectors [CI: (3.458, 9.078); p-value < .0001]. Attitudes towards AI and symptom checker functionality result in different population profiles that have different odds of using symptom checkers for self-triage. Identifying a person’s or group’s membership to a population profile could help in developing and delivering tailored interventions aimed at maximizing use of validated symptom checkers.
Immunization with desmoglein 3 induces non-pathogenic autoantibodies in mice
Authors: Boch Katharina , Dräger Sören , Zillikens Detlef , Hudemann Christoph , Hammers Christoph M. , Patzelt Sabrina , Schmidt Enno , Langan Ewan A. , Eming Rüdiger , Ludwig Ralf J. , Bieber Katja
Published: November 2021

Background

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease characterized by the development of autoantibodies targeting desmoglein (Dsg) 3, but also against Dsg1 in mucocutaneous disease. Given that existing PV animal models only recapitulate aspects of the disease, we aimed to establish a more comprehensive disease model based on the immunization of mice with PV autoantigen(s).

Methods

The following immunization strategies were tested: (i) C57Bl/6J, B6.SJL-H2s C3c/1CyJ, DBA2/J, or SJL/J mice were immunized with recombinant murine Dsg3 (mDsg3), (ii) DBA2/J and SJL/J mice were immunized with mDsg3 and additionally injected a single non-blister inducing dose of exfoliative toxin A (ETA), and (iii) DBA2/J and SJL/J mice were immunized with human Dsg (hDsg) 1 and 3.

Results

Despite the induction of autoantibodies in each immunization protocol, the mice did not develop a clinical phenotype. Tissue-bound autoantibodies were not detected in the skin or mucosa. Circulating autoantibodies did not bind to the native antigen in indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using monkey esophagus as a substrate.

Conclusion

Immunization with PV autoantigens induced non-pathogenic Dsg1/3 antibodies, but did not cause skin/mucous membrane disease in mice. These findings, confirmed by failure of binding of the induced autoantibodies to their target in the skin, suggest that the autoantibodies which were formed were unable to bind to the conformational epitope present in vivo.
Celebrating the variety, fighting the confusion: An integrative review of the design teacher’s pedagogical roles
Authors: Efilti Pelin , Gelmez Koray
Published: November 2021

It is difficult, but crucial, to understand the roles of design studio teachers to facilitate the learning processes and improve the teaching approaches. In this respect, the roles of design studio teachers in design education literature are seen rather dispersed. In this study, an integrative literature review of studies was conducted by examining pedagogical roles of design teachers within the frame of the learning processes (cognition, affection and psychomotor). This systematic review aims at wrapping up the literature on the design teacher’s pedagogical role and scrutinizing and mapping the contribution of the design teacher’s pedagogical role in learning processes. The articles reviewed were analysed in terms of their importance given to learning processes through the radar charts. With a critical lens, this review is expected to contribute both to nurture the practice of design teachers and to inform design education literature. Via this, design teachers can get informed and through the mappings offered in this study, and they can also explicitly appreciate their roles and strategies in their design studio courses.
El fundamento filosófico-jurídico de la dignidad de las personas que se encuentran en situación de discriminación a causa de un bajo desempeño funcional: una mirada desde la axiología de Max Scheler
Authors: Román Ortiz Ángel Damián , Molina Saorín Jesús , Díaz Santa María Yonatan , Álvarez Martínez-Iglesias José María
Published: November 2021

Históricamente, la terminología empleada para denominar a las personas que tienen un bajo desempeño funcional siempre ha ido acompañada de esos lenguajes de la negación que –como si de un hecho imperecedero se tratase–, relacionan persistentemente las capacidades de estas personas con su aparente incapacidad para obrar, impidiendo (para una inmensa mayoría, y desde un punto de vista jurídico) el ejercicio pleno de sus derechos. Igualmente, el transcurso conceptual que –a lo largo de la historia– ha ido persiguiendo a la figura de las personas con bajo desempeño funcional confirma ese vapuleo de constructos que –en la actualidad, y sin ningún género de dudas– conduce a la construcción de la mayoría de las situaciones de discriminación por motivo de desempeño funcional. Bajo esta óptica, la idea central de este artículo pretende conceptualizar la dignidad del ser humano desde el concepto filosófico de persona utilizado por Max Scheler (1874-1928), y abstraído de esa perspectiva biomédica de la –mal llamada– discapacidad, y siempre vinculando esa innegociable condición humana con la capacidad de amar y ser amado. Como trasfondo epistemológico, se exponen –gravitando– los fundamentos cognoscentes de la teoría de los valores y que responden a esa pregunta obligada (¿quién es la persona humana?) y cuya respuesta se acomete desde la distinción de la noción de persona y la noción de yo propuesta por este filósofo alemán.
Discapacidad: un asunto de justicia social
Authors: Grueso Vanegas Delfín Ignacio , Sandoval Moreno Linda Marcela
Published: November 2021

Este artículo presenta la discapacidad como un asunto de Justicia Social, un problema moral a cuyo entendimiento aporta luces el Enfoque de las Capacidades (especialmente en la versión de Amartya Sen), que permite ver la ‘discapacidad’ en términos de mayor o menor libertad. Un paso crucial para entender esa mayor o menor libertad, es comenzar reconociendo el carácter histórico del espacio socialmente compartido en que viven las personas en discapacidad; en principio el espacio vital disponible para el desarrollo y expresión de la vida humana. En cada momento de la historia, ése es un espacio cultural y tecnológicamente constituido y arroja como resultado diferencial las condiciones de ‘capacidad’ y ‘discapacidad’ en las que se encuentran los seres humanos para el disfrute de su libertad. Es del carácter de ‘hecho social’ que finalmente tiene ese espacio que emerge la discapacidad como un efecto diferencial del mismo y se constituye en un problema moral que debe ser afrontado desde una perspectiva normativa, la de la justicia social.
Kínai munkavállalók motiválásának alternatívái-Hofstede kulturális dimenzióinak tükrében
Authors: Juhász István
Published: November 2021

A munkavállalók motiválására számos alternatíva létezik. Multinacionális társaságok gyakran szembesülnek azzal a ténnyel, hogy míg egy adott motiváló eszköz egy országban meghatározó ösztönző erő a vezetők kezében, addig ugyanaz a motivátor egy másik országban nemhogy ösztönzi, hanem inkább csökkenti dolgozói teljesítményét. Ennek az eltérésnek a hátterében gyakran kulturális különbségek állnak. Igaz ez az európai vállalati kultúráktól jelentősen eltérő kínai vállalati kultúrára, az azt meghatározó emberi erőforrásokra, valamint azok motiválására is. A szerző az alábbiakban a kínai kulturális sajátosságokból adódó korlátokat és lehetőségeket mutatja be úgy, hogy az egyik legtöbbet idézett interkulturális vizsgálatokat végző holland társadalomtudóst, Hofstedet hívja segítségül. A hofstedei dimenziók lencséjén keresztül ad egy átfogó képet a kínai munkavállalókról és kulturális sajátosságaikról, valamint több, a témában jártas szerző kapcsolódó kutatási eredményét is integrálja.
Health Economic Impact of a Multicenter Quality-of-Care Initiative for Reducing Unplanned Healthcare Utilization Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Almario Christopher V. , Kogan Lawrence , van Deen Welmoed K. , Scott Frank I. , Singh Siddharth , Hou Jason K. , Lum Donald , Aguilar Humberto , Betteridge John , Flynn Ann , Gerich Mark , Kaufman Lia , Mattar Mark C. , Mize Carrie , Ostrov Arthur , Shah Samir A. , Younes Ziad , Weaver S. Alandra , Heller Caren , Siegel Corey A. , Melmed Gil Y.
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION:

A multicenter adult inflammatory bowel disease learning health system (IBD Qorus) implemented clinical care process changes for reducing unplanned emergency department visits and hospitalizations using a Breakthrough Series Collaborative approach.

METHODS:

Using Markov decision models, we determined the health economic impact of participating in the Collaborative from the third-party payer perspective.

RESULTS:

Across all 23 sites, participation in the Collaborative was associated with lower annual costs by an average of $2,528 ± $233 per patient when compared with the baseline period.

DISCUSSION:

Implementing clinical care process changes using a Collaborative approach was associated with overall cost savings. Future work should examine which specific interventions are most effective and whether such cost savings are sustainable.
Ischemic Colitis From Idiopathic Myointimal Hyperplasia of the Mesenteric Veins in a Post–Liver Transplant Patient
Authors: Wong Rochelle , Westerveld Donevan , Yeo Heather , Jessurun Jose , Jesudian Arun
Published: November 2021

Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric veins (IMHMV) is a rare cause of nonthrombotic, noninflammatory ischemic colitis. IMHMV classically presents in men with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea and is frequently misdiagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease. However, IMHMV causes a more protracted, relapsing course of abdominal pain that does not respond to medical therapy. The diagnosis can be secured by colonoscopic biopsy. Surgical resection is curative and should be considered even in high-risk patients. Here, we describe a case of IMHMV diagnosed preoperatively in a post–liver transplant patient with residual portal hypertension who ultimately underwent successful surgical resection.
Ohnmacht in der Demokratie
Authors: Huke Nikolai
Published: November 2021

Die Demokratie ist durch ein nur begrenzt eingelöstes allgemeines Gleichheits- und Partizipationsversprechen gekennzeichnet: Viele Menschen fühlen sich politisch handlungsunfähig und haben den Eindruck, kein Gehör zu finden oder nicht repräsentiert zu werden. Am Beispiel der Situation von Geflüchteten in Deutschland zeigt Nikolai Huke die Ursachen und Folgen dieser Schieflage auf. Die Konfrontation mit Macht- und Herrschaftsverhältnissen im privaten Alltag, in Behörden und in der Arbeitswelt, so die These, erfahren Subalterne als Ohnmacht. Politisches Engagement erscheint ihnen infolgedessen wenig erfolgversprechend. Demokratische Partizipation wird dadurch sozial selektiv und die Demokratie grundlegend unterminiert.
Der Fall Colonia Dignidad
Authors: Stehle Jan
Published: November 2021

Der Fall Colonia Dignidad ist eines der dunkelsten Kapitel der bundesdeutschen Geschichte und bis heute in großen Teilen nicht aufgearbeitet. In der von deutschen Staatsbürgern in Chile gegründeten Siedlung wurde zwischen 1961 und 2005 missbraucht, misshandelt, gefoltert und gemordet. Medien und Menschenrechtsorganisationen berichteten früh darüber, das Auswärtige Amt und die bundesdeutsche Justiz schritten jedoch nicht ein. Jan Stehle hat hierzu in umfangreichen Recherchen Primärquellen aus Behörden- und Privatarchiven erschlossen. Er rekonstruiert detailliert die Verbrechen sowie das respektive Behördenverhalten und legt die Mitverantwortung von Bundesbehörden für die schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen der Colonia Dignidad offen.
Post/pandemisches Leben
Authors: Bayramoglu Yener , Castro Varela María do Mar
Published: November 2021

Die Corona-Pandemie und der damit einhergehende »Ausnahmezustand« bieten die Gelegenheit, Normativitäten infrage zu stellen, aber auch einen Blick in die Zukunft zu werfen. Mit ihrer neuen Theorie der Fragilität verdeutlichen Yener Bayramoglu und María do Mar Castro Varela, dass es im Sinne sozialer Gerechtigkeit weniger um eine Akzeptanz heterogener Lebensweisen gehen sollte als vielmehr um die Beachtung und Akzeptanz von Vulnerabilitäten, die strukturell befördert und stabilisiert werden. Ihr Ansatz bringt unterschiedliche Perspektiven aus Ethik, Politik und Kunst zusammen und bietet - u.a. im Kontext von Digitalität, Rassismus und Solidarität - die Möglichkeit, die Pandemie anders zu evaluieren.
Geschlecht als kontingente Praxis im Sportunterricht
Authors: Wilm Gianna
Published: November 2021

Praxis ist durch Routinisiertheit bei gleichzeitiger Vollzugsoffenheit gekennzeichnet. Vor diesem Hintergrund bestimmt Gianna Wilm Geschlecht als kontingente Praxis und nimmt Geschlechteraktualisierungen im Sportunterricht in den Blick. Mithilfe videobasierter Praxeographie zeigt sie auf, wie geschlechtskonstruierende Praktiken in der Unterrichtspraxis routinisiert mitvollzogen, situativ (re)produziert und in einem Wechselspiel von doing und undoing gender durch die Teilnehmer*innen aktiv verhandelt werden. Über die Verknüpfung von Theorie, Methodologie und Empirie leistet sie einen Beitrag zur differenzierten Beschreibung der Bedeutung der Kategorie Geschlecht im Unterricht.
Evaluación de la efectividad del Triclabendazol como fasciolicida en caprinos
Authors: CENTELLES Ivan , MARTÍNEZ Alejandro , CABRERA Raúl , CASTILLO Belisario , LARROZA Marcela P.
Published: November 2021

Debido al uso frecuente del triclabendazol (TCBZ) por parte de los productores, sumado al reporte reciente de resistencia de Fasciola hepatica al fármaco detectada en rodeos y majadas de Neuquén, se llevó a cabo el presente trabajo con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia del TCBZ como fasciolicida en caprinos bajo un sistema de producción trashumante del norte de la provincia de Neuquén, Argentina. La eficacia se evaluó mediante un test de reducción de conteo de huevos de F. hepatica en caprinos Criollo Neuquino parasitados naturalmente. Se utilizaron dos grupos de animales: un Grupo Control (n: 10) que no recibió tratamiento y un Grupo Tratado (n: 10) al que se le administró TCBZ al 10% (Biofasiolex T10-Biogénesis Bagó ®) vía oral a dosis de 10 mg/kg PV. Al día 0 y 21 post tratamiento, se tomaron muestras de materia fecal para análisis coproparasitológicos. Se evidenció una reducción del conteo de huevos de F. hepatica del 100%, indicando el mantenimiento de la eficacia del fasciolicida en los caprinos evaluados. Se discuten los alcances del uso del test de reducción de conteo de huevos en zonas con producción trashumante del ganado.
La formación de liderazgo en tiempos de gerenciamiento. La perspectiva de estudiantes en una escuela de elite del norte del conurbano bonaerense.
Authors: Di Nucci Leandro , Langer Eduardo
Published: November 2021

El artículo aborda la descripción de las prácticas en una escuela de elite y sus relaciones con las elecciones futuras de jóvenes de sectores altos para comprender los procesos de fragmentación y desigualdad educativa desde los grupos mejor posicionados socialmente. La interrogación gira en torno a las particularidades que presentan los dispositivos pedagógicos en las sociedades de gerenciamiento atendiendo a los discursos de la formación en liderazgo y sus correspondencias con los sentidos laborales que asignan los estudiantes. Para ello se retoman resultados de investigación que abarcaron técnicas cualitativas múltiples a partir del estudio en caso en una escuela del conurbano bonaerense.
Scholars and Literati at the University of Fermo (1585–1800)
Authors: Di Caprio Giovanni , Vitale Mara
Published: November 2021

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who taught at the University of Fermo from 1585 to the eve of the Industrial Revolution (1800).
Dorset Harpoon Endblade Hafting and Early Metal Use in the North American Arctic
Authors: Jolicoeur Patrick C.
Published: November 2021

Composite tool hafting research has touched upon almost every era and region of human history. One aspect that has seen little attention is how those traces of hafting strategies might reflect the raw material of the endblade that an organic handle would have held. This aspect is particularly important for clarifying the scope and scale of novel raw material use in contexts that have concurrent use of different lithic, bone, and metal materials. This article analyzes harpoon heads from the Canadian Arctic in Dorset cultural contexts and identifies three different hafting techniques employed across time. For roughly one millennium, Dorset groups used a single harpoon endblade hafting technique. After AD 500, new hafting techniques were developed, corresponding with the emergence of metal use. Some of these methods are not compatible with common chipped stone materials and signal an increase in metal endblade production. However, surviving metal objects are underrepresented in museum collections because of various taphonomic processes. By recognizing the materials of the harpoon endblade and the specific constraints of some hafting techniques, it is possible to identify what these endblade materials may have been and expand the known extent and intensity of early metal use by observing the hafts alone.
“These Trees Have Stories to Tell”: Linking Dënesǫ́łıné Oral History of Caribou Use with Trample Scar Frequency on Black Spruce Roots at Ɂedacho Kué
Authors: Dokis-Jansen Kelsey L. , Parlee Brenda L. , Dëne First Nation Łutsël K’e , Hik David S. , Gendreau-Berthiaume Benoit , Macdonald Ellen , Stinn Christina
Published: November 2021

For thousands of years Ɂedacho Kué (Artillery Lake, Northwest Territories) has been a key water crossing site for barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus). Human disturbance of barren-ground caribou habitat in northern Canada has emerged as an important focus of study in the last decade; particularly in the Bathurst range of the Northwest Territories where caribou populations have declined by more than 95% since the 1980s. Guided by local Indigenous leaders and Elders, a collaborative research project was developed with the Dënesǫ́łıné people of Łutsël K’e Dëne First Nation (2012 – 14). This paper describes linkages between knowledge derived from Dënesǫ́łıné oral history and quantitative dendroecological analysis of trample scars on black spruce (Picea mariana) root samples collected at Ɂedacho Kué to provide a better understanding of caribou use at this location. Findings from oral histories and dendroecology analysis were consistent with one another and with previous dendroecology study in the region, although some discrepancies were detected in data from 1995 – 2006 that require further study to elucidate. Key findings include relatively low caribou use at Ɂedacho Kué during the 1930s and late 1960s, with use increasing into the 1970s and peaking in the late 1980s, as well as Elder and hunter reports of no caribou in some years between 2005 and 2012. This work addresses a gap in scientific data about barren-ground caribou movements at Ɂedacho Kué prior to satellite collar use in 1996 and corroborates previously documented oral histories about the enduring value of Ɂedacho Kué as critical habitat to barren-ground caribou. Given the drastic decline of the Bathurst caribou over the last two decades, more research is needed to understand movements and their relationship to population dynamics. In this context, the research approach described in this paper could be used as an example of how to meaningfully bring together place-based Indigenous knowledge and science in addressing an urgent issue of Arctic sustainability.
Hunting by Early Modern Lule Sami Households
Authors: Larsson Jesper , Päiviö Sjaunja Eva-Lotta
Published: November 2021

Hunting was one of three pillars, along with fishing and reindeer husbandry in the early modern Sami economy, and understanding of Sami hunting has increased during recent decades. However, most research has concentrated on time periods before AD 1600. After AD 1600 and the initial formation of modern Nordic countries, hunting ceased to be the backbone of the overall Sami economy but continued as an integral part of household economies. Our aim is to advance understanding of early modern hunting in northwestern interior Fennoscandia. Using source materials including court rulings and historical accounts, we set out from a self-governance perspective focusing on how actors solved resource distribution with regards to hunting. We show that ecological differences between mountains and forest impacted decisions about hunting. From the 1500s to the end of the 1700s, hunting led to the extinction of wild reindeer and depopulation of fur animals, while small-game hunting for subsistence continued to be important. In the forest region, strong property rights to game developed when skatteland (tax land) was established and hunting became a private enterprise. We suggest that the institution of skatteland was a response to changes in Sami economy, and the transition from collective to individual hunting was a contributing factor.
5th Portuguese-Brazilian Conference on Conservation and Restoration – an introductory note
Authors: Aguiar Maria , Vasconcelos e Sousa Gonçalo , Teixeira Joana , Soares Maria Luísa
Published: November 2021

At the end of 2019, the 5th edition of the Portuguese-Brazilian Conference on Conservation and Restoration took place, and was organized by CITAR (Catholic University of Portugal) in collaboration with the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. During the 9th and 10th of December topics were discussed related to recent events, such as the tragic fire in the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro, which occurred just over a year earlier; to the challenges posed by the conservation of new media art, contemporary art and scientific collections, as well as to the preservation of so-called more "traditional" cultural assets; without neglecting the necessary joint reflections about training on conservation and restoration on both sides of the Atlantic.
Virtual Reality Technology and Simulation Technology to Development of Smart Travelling in the Time of Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc , Hang Nguyen Thi , Thang Tran Duc , Thuy Phan Thi
Published: November 2021

The push of levers of digital boom technology in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 has created great impetus for economic development, especially in maintaining and revitalizing the smokeless tourism industry. That makes even more sense in the context of the current covid 19 pandemic and increasing social distancing. It can be said that the appearance of the COVID-19 epidemic has adversely affected the economy, fundamentally changing people's living and consumption behavior. Meanwhile, business sectors are facing the risk of production shutdown because of capital flow downturn, idle operation or bankruptcy because of covid19. The reason for social distancing forces people to not be able to travel freely to carry out travel and shopping behaviors like before. Previously normal activities were restricted from being concentrated in large places, leading to a business industry that was supposed to be super-profitable and a major contributor to a high GDP structure such as tourism, which is facing a dilemma. The tourist season is coming, but the number of tourists suddenly drops because of social distancing. That risk poses a big obstacle to the tourism industry, but it will be an opportunity if we know how to take advantage of the 4.0 technology revolution. That will help make use of smart digital technology applications to exploit and develop different types of tourism. Research and propose ideas to apply VR technology to develop smart tourism industry, helping tourists from all over the world can use and experience famous tourist attractions of Vietnam. VR virtual reality technology allows to maintain and develop tourism activities in the context of the current pandemic.
Development of Problem-Oriented Management and Decision-Making System and Optimization of Economic and Social Systems
Authors: Zubovа Lyudmila V. , Korovin Eduard Viktorovich , Smirnov Alexey Sergeevich , Kuzmin Vladimir N. , Kurakov Andrey Valerievich
Published: November 2021

The main goal of this study is to develop the theory of risk tolerance in task-oriented processes (using the example of enterprises engaged in research, development, and engineering), which is preceded by an analysis of scientific and methodological provisions for substantiating management decisions when developing promising space rocket technology under economic risks. The complexity of developing the theory of risk tolerance using the example of enterprises involved in the development of military and dual-use equipment lies in the multistructured evaluating system itself, justified by its multicomponent structure and large scale of topological complexity and logic of functioning in various modes and under different conditions, which leads to the need to divide it into a set of subsystems as moving substances in the process of task-oriented processes that have informational, methodological, and algorithmic commonality. That is accompanied by the decentralization of information processing in a structural parametric uncertainty. In this regard, in order to parameterize the uncertainty processes, the authors present a risk tolerance level assessment process diagram in task-oriented processes when developing military and dual-use equipment. Using the algorithm for determining the marginal cost of risk, marginal risk tolerance, and marginal risk level of an economic entity according to the method of L.V. Zubova, the work presents an approach of potentially dangerous risks (PDR) categorization of the financial and economic sphere and suggests ways to minimize risk, taking into account, if possible, risk rejection, determining the "cost of no action" in the face of uncertainty.
The Need for Improvement of Digital Literacy to Fighting Against Fake News in Indonesia
Authors: Anwar Syaiful
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is a democratic country with freedom of speech being one of its pillars. Recently, freedom of opinion has shifted and changed shape, no longer in the context of the real world, but also in cyberspace. This was then used by a group of individuals to reach their target of getting mass people quickly and irresponsibly, one of them is using fake news. This fake news can create information that is consumed by the public unconsciously because of a lack of literacy culture. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to increase the awareness of the Indonesian government and society about the urgency of the danger of the spread of fake news, as well as the importance of using private data since people are now running in the era of gigantic databases. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative research method with data and observation, with literacy studies in addition. This research expects the capability of the government in managing policies to improve digital literation for the people of Indonesia so that the spread of hoaxes can be minimized and suppressed.
Hate Speech Detection in English and Non-English Languages: A Review of Techniques and Challenges
Authors: Moy Tian Xiang , Raheem Mafas , Logeswaran Rajasvaran
Published: November 2021

The exponential growth of social media has spurred an increase in the propagation of hate nowadays. Recent evidence shows that hate speech on social media is detrimental to the mental and physical health of individuals. Thus, there is an emerging need for automated hate speech detection. Automated hate speech detection rests on the intersection between Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and machine learning models. An introduction of NLP and its utilities, as well as commonly employed features and classification methods in hate speech detection, are discussed. Hate speech detection in non-English languages is needed to tackle this emergent issue in countries where multiple languages are used. Hence, an overview of the current literature on hate speech detection in non-English languages are covered too. Challenges in the field of hate speech detection are explored and the importance of standardized methodologies for building corpora and data sets are emphasized.
Adoption of Project Management Methodology and Challenges Faced: A Comparative Analysis between Government IT Sector and IT Organisations in the Corporate Sector in Kerala
Authors: Chandrachooodan Gayathri , R. Dr.Radhika , R. Dr.Ramesh Palappan
Published: November 2021

Adoption of a Project Management methodology is highly critical in the success of projects in any domain. It is imperative that a matured project management methodology is significant in the successful implementation of projects. Various Project management methodologies such as PMBOK, Waterfall, PRINCE2, Agile, etc. are followed in different domains including IT. Yet challenges remain and very few projects are able to adopt these methodologies for project success. This paper covers a comparative analysis between corporate IT organisations operating in Kerala and IT organisations owned by Government of Kerala. The paper aims to identify the project management methodology, the level of project management practices, the reasons for project failures and the challenges in the adoption of a Project management framework. The study was conducted among 50 employees of four IT organisations in Government sector and 50 employees of Corporate IT sector in the state of Kerala, India. The focus is to understand the differences in project management practices, specific challenges in adoption of Project Management methodology between Government IT sector and Corporate IT organizations in Kerala. This study aims to enhance in the current practices of project management to create more successful projects in IT domain in Government Sector.
Střední článek ve vzdělávání: vymezení pojmu, přístupy a implikace pro vzdělávací politiku
Authors: Veselý Arnošt
Published: November 2021

The concept of “middle layer” (ML) is one of the most frequent terms in current education policy. Yet, the literature on the topic is fragmented and the concept itself is defined in several different ways which hinders effective discussion. The main goals of the article are as follows: 1) to imbed current discussion in the scholar literature and provide basic overview of scholar literature; 2) clarify the terminology and delimit various meanings of the “middle layer” concept. The article is structured as follows. First, the methodology of literature review is described. Then the basic meaning of ML in various educational systems is explained. In the next part of the paper, the literature review on ML is provided. In so doing, two strands of literature are distinguished. While the research-oriented strand focuses on analysis of what ML does (and does not), the practical stream relates to what ML should (or should not) do. Based on previous analysis, the paper argues that four meanings of middle layer can be delimited. These meanings are shortly labelled as follows: (a) a loose network of local actors; (b) a coordinated and interacting system of actors; (c) an organized set of several core local organizations; (d) a regional public administration institution. These four definitions are defined and explained. The article concludes with several implications for educational policy in the Czech Republic.
Editorial
Authors: Dvořák Dominik
Published: November 2021

Editorial
The molecular mechanisms underlying arecoline-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats
Authors: Ku Chang-Wen , Day Cecilia Hsuan , Ou Hsiu-Chung , Ho Tsung-Jung , Chen Ray-Jade , Kumar Velmurugan Bharath , Lin Wen-Yuan , Huang Chih-Yang
Published: November 2021

The areca nut is one of the most commonly consumed psychoactive substances worldwide, with an estimated consumption by approximately 10% of the world’s population, especially in some regions of South Asia, East Africa, and the tropical Pacific. Arecoline, the major areca nut alkaloid, has been classified as carcinogenic to humans as it adversely affects various organs, including the brain, heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive organs. Earlier studies have established a link between areca nut chewing and cardiac arrhythmias, and yet research pertaining to the mechanisms underlying cardiotoxicity caused by arecoline is still preliminary. The main purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that arecoline causes cardiac fibrosis through transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad-mediated signaling pathways. Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with low (5 mg/kg/day) or high (50 mg/kg/day) doses of arecoline for 3 weeks. Results from Masson’s trichrome staining indicated that arecoline could induce cardiac fibrosis through collagen accumulation. Western blot analysis showed that TGF-β and p-Smad2/3 protein expression levels were markedly higher in the arecoline-injected rat hearts than in those of the control rats. Moreover, arecoline upregulated other fibrotic-related proteins, including SP1-mediated connective tissue growth factor expression. Tissue-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 were upregulated, and the inhibitor of MMP9 was downregulated. This study provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying arecoline-induced cardiac fibrosis. Taken together, the areca nut is a harmful substance, and the detrimental effects of arecoline on the heart are similar to that caused by oral submucous fibrosis.