bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Directional Preference Management for Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Surkitt Luke D. , Ford Jon J. , Hahne Andrew J. , Pizzari Tania , McMeeken Joan M.
Published: January 2012

Background

Providing specific treatment based on symptom response for people with low back pain (LBP) and a directional preference (DP) is a widely used treatment approach. The efficacy of treatment using the principles of directional preference management (DPM) for LBP is unclear.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of treatment using the principles of DPM for people with LBP and a DP.

Methods

Computer databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English up to January 2010. Only RCTs investigating DPM for people with LBP and a DP were included. Outcomes for pain, back specific function, and work participation were extracted.

Results

Six RCTs were included in this review. Five were considered high quality. Clinical heterogeneity of the included trials prevented meta-analysis. GRADE quality assessment revealed mixed results; however, moderate evidence was identified that DPM was significantly more effective than a number of comparison treatments for pain, function, and work participation at short-term, intermediate-term, and long-term follow-ups. No trials found that DPM was significantly less effective than comparison treatments.

Conclusions

Although this systematic review showed mixed results, some evidence was found supporting the effectiveness of DPM when applied to participants with a DP, particularly at short-term and intermediate-term follow-ups. Further high-quality RCTs are warranted to evaluate the effect of DPM applied to people with LBP and a DP.
Direct Access: Factors That Affect Physical Therapist Practice in the State of Ohio
Authors: McCallum Christine A. , DiAngelis Tom
Published: January 2012

Background

Direct access to physical therapist services is permitted by law in the majority of states and across all practice settings. Ohio enacted such legislation in 2004; however, it was unknown how direct access had affected actual clinical practice.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to describe physical therapist and physical therapist practice environment factors that affect direct access practice.

Design

A 2-phase, mixed-method descriptive study was conducted.

Methods

In the first phase, focus group interviews with 32 purposively selected physical therapists were completed, which resulted in 8 themes for an electronically distributed questionnaire. In the second phase, survey questionnaires were distributed to physical therapists with an e-mail address on file with the Ohio licensing board. An adjusted return rate of 23% was achieved. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics. A constant comparative method assessed open-ended questions for common themes and patterns.

Results

Thirty-one percent of the respondents reported using direct access in physical therapist practice; however, 80% reported they would practice direct access if provided the opportunity. Physical therapists who practiced direct access were more likely to be in practice 6 years or more and hold advanced degrees beyond the entry level, were American Physical Therapy Association members, and had supportive management and organizational practice policies. The direct access physical therapist practice was generally a locally owned suburban private practice or a school-based clinic that saw approximately 6% to 10% of its patients by direct access. The majority of patients treated were adults with musculoskeletal or neuromuscular impairments.

Limitations

Nonresponse from e-mail may be associated with sample frame bias.

Conclusions

Implementation of a direct access physical therapist practice model is evident in Ohio. Factors related to reimbursement and organizational policy appear to impede the process.
Hippotherapy—An Intervention to Habilitate Balance Deficits in Children With Movement Disorders: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Silkwood-Sherer Debbie J. , Killian Clyde B. , Long Toby M. , Martin Kathy S.
Published: January 2012

Background

Clinical observations have suggested that hippotherapy may be an effective strategy for habilitating balance deficits in children with movement disorders. However, there is limited research to support this notion.

Objective

The purposes of this study were to assess the effectiveness of hippotherapy for the management of postural instability in children with mild to moderate balance problems and to determine whether there is a correlation between balance and function.

Design

A repeated-measures design for a cohort of children with documented balance deficits was used.

Methods

Sixteen children (9 boys and 7 girls) who were 5 to 16 years of age and had documented balance problems participated in this study. Intervention consisted of 45-minute hippotherapy sessions twice per week for 6 weeks. Two baseline assessments and 1 postintervention assessment of balance, as measured with the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), and of function, as measured with the Activities Scale for Kids—Performance (ASKp), were performed.

Results

With the Friedman analysis of variance, the PBS and the ASKp were found to be statistically significant across all measurements (P<.0001 for both measures). Post hoc analysis revealed a statistical difference between baseline and postintervention measures (P≤.017). This degree of difference resulted in large effect sizes for PBS (d=1.59) and ASKp (d=1.51) scores after hippotherapy. A Spearman rho correlation of .700 indicated a statistical association between PBS and ASKp postintervention scores (P=.003). There was no correlation between the change in PBS scores and the change in ASKp scores (rs=.13, P>.05).

Limitations

Lack of a control group and the short duration between baseline assessments are study limitations.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that hippotherapy may be a viable strategy for reducing balance deficits and improving the performance of daily life skills in children with mild to moderate balance problems.
Efficacy of a Hip Flexion Assist Orthosis in Adults With Hemiparesis After Stroke
Authors: Carda Stefano , Invernizzi Marco , Cognolato Gianluca , Piccoli Eugenio , Baricich Alessio , Cisari Carlo
Published: January 2012

Background

During gait, the hip flexors generate 40% of the total power. Nevertheless, no device has been tested extensively for clinical purposes to cope with weakness in the hip flexors in patients with stroke.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a newly developed hip flexion assist orthosis in adult patients with hemiparesis after stroke.

Design

The study used a prospective, randomized, before-after trial design. The inclusion criteria were hemiparesis resulting from stroke (onset ≥8 weeks); ability to walk, even if with assistance; and hip flexion weakness (Medical Research Council Scale score ≤4).

Methods

The main outcome measures were the 10-Meter Walk Test and the Six-Minute Walk Test. Patients also were evaluated with the Trunk Control Test, the Functional Ambulation Categories, the Motricity Index, and hip flexor strength on the Medical Research Council Scale. Sixty-two survivors of stroke were tested in random order with and without the orthosis. Any adverse event associated with its use was recorded.

Results

Both the Six-Minute Walk Test and the 10-Meter Walk Test scores improved with the use of the orthosis. A significant negative correlation was found for improvement between scores on the 2 main outcome measures with the orthosis and the Functional Ambulation Categories scores. The improvement in Six-Minute Walk Test scores with the orthosis was related inversely to hip flexor strength.

Conclusions

The data showed that the use of a hip flexion assist orthosis can improve gait in patients with poststroke hemiparesis, particularly those with more severe walking impairment.
Lyme Disease as an Underlying Cause of Supraspinatus Tendinopathy in an Overhead Athlete
Authors: Coulon Christian L. , Landin Dennis
Published: January 2012

Background and Purpose

Supraspinatus tendinopathy is a common cause of shoulder pain seen in overhead athletes, but there appear to be no published cases that present Lyme disease as the underlying cause of tendinopathy. Lyme disease is diagnosed primarily by clinical signs and symptoms and then supported by laboratory tests, including enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and Western blot testing. This case demonstrates the importance of a physical therapist's input and clinical role in reaching the correct diagnosis in an athlete with Lyme disease who had a diagnosis of rotator cuff impingement and tendinitis.

Case Description

A 34-year-old male tennis player was seen for physical therapy for right shoulder impingement and tendinitis diagnosed by an orthopedic surgeon. He was unable to participate in sporting activities due to impairments in strength and pain. Initial examination revealed distal supraspinatus impingement and tendinopathy.

Outcomes

The patient was not progressing with commonly accepted interventions and began to have “arthritis-like” shoulder pain in the uninvolved left shoulder. Suspicious of an underlying condition, the physical therapist informed the physician of the patient's updated status and referred the patient to the physician to discuss the current symptoms in therapy. After testing, the patient was diagnosed with chronic Lyme disease and underwent antibiotic therapy.

Discussion

Many active patients spend time in the outdoors, increasing their risk of exposure to a vector for Borrelia burgdorferi. Physical therapists spend a larger portion of time with patients than other health care professionals and due to this extended contact and musculoskeletal knowledge are able to recognize atypical musculoskeletal disorders or musculoskeletal manifestations of unusual pathologies, including Lyme disease.
Identification of a dichotomy in morphological predictors of rupture status between sidewall- and bifurcation-type intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Baharoglu Merih I. , Lauric Alexandra , Gao Bu-Lang , Malek Adel M.
Published: January 2012

Object

Prediction of aneurysm rupture likelihood is clinically valuable, given that more unruptured aneurysms are being discovered incidentally with the increased use of imaging. The authors set out to evaluate the relative performance of morphological features for rupture status discrimination in the context of the divergent geometrical and hemodynamic characteristics of sidewall- and bifurcation-type aneurysms.

Methods

Catheter 3D rotational angiographic images of 271 consecutive aneurysms (101 ruptured, 135 bifurcation type) were used to assess the following parameters in 3D: maximum diameter (Dmax), height, height/width ratio, aspect ratio, size ratio, nonsphericity index, and inflow angle. Univariate statistics applied to the bifurcation, sidewall, and combined (bifurcation + sidewall) sets identified significant features for inclusion in multivariate analysis yielding area under the curve (AUC) and optimal thresholds in the receiver-operating characteristic. Furthermore, a computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed to evaluate the flow and wall shear stress conditions inside sidewall and bifurcation aneurysms at different inflow angles.

Results

The mean Dmax, height, and inflow angle were significantly greater in ruptured sidewall aneurysms than in unruptured sidewall aneurysms, but showed no difference between ruptured and unruptured bifurcation lesions. There was a statistically significant difference between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms for all measured features in the combined set. Multivariate analysis identified the following: 1) nonsphericity index as the only rupture status discriminator in bifurcation lesions (AUC = 0.67); 2) height/width ratio, size ratio, and inflow angle as strong discriminators in sidewall lesions (AUC = 0.87); and 3) height/width ratio, inflow angle, and size ratio as intermediate discriminators in the combined group (AUC = 0.76). Computational fluid dynamics analysis showed that although increasing inflow angle in a sidewall model led to deeper penetration of flow, higher velocities, and higher wall shear stress inside the aneurysm dome, it produced the exact opposite results in a bifurcation model.

Conclusions

Retrospective morphological and hemodynamic analysis point to a dichotomy between sidewall and bifurcation aneurysms with respect to performance of shape and size parameters in identifying rupture status, suggesting the need for aneurysm type–based analyses in future studies. The current most commonly used clinical risk assessment metric, Dmax, was found to be of no value in differentiating between ruptured and unruptured bifurcation aneurysms.
Effect of Seed Size and Cutting Methods on the Yield and Profitability of Potato
Authors: Hossain MS , Zakaria M , Hossain MM , Rashid MH
Published: January 2012

An experiment was conducted at the research field of Tuber Crop Research Centre (TCRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during the winter of 2006-2007 to determine the effects of cutting methods and seed size on the yield and profitability in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). It was observed that the foliage coverage, plant height, stems/hill, number and weight of tubers/plant varied significantly due to variation of tuber size. The highest germination index (18.13) was found when large size whole tuber was used followed by small size whole tuber and medium size whole tuber. Vigorous plants, maximum plant height and the number of stems/ hill at 60 DAP were also produced when the crop was raised from large size whole tubers. The maximum leaf area of 3909 cm2 was found in medium size –half proximal treatment. The highest number (10.23) and weight of tubers/ hill (0.40 kg) were observed in T6 large size-whole tuber treatment. The highest gross yield of tubers (25.10 t/ha) was also produced when large whole tubers were used. However, small tuber size and half cut distal would be economically profitable for enhancing growth and yield of potato. Keywords: Potato; seed size; cutting methods; profitability DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9479 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 54-62
Physico-chemical and Genetic Analysis of Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm
Authors: Jewel ZA , Patwary AK , Maniruzzaman S , Barua R , Begum SN
Published: January 2012

For selection of aromatic rice lines, twenty six (26) rice genotypes were evaluated for agronomic characteristics and aroma detection through sensory test and genotypic analysis using SSR markers. Grain quality and yield attributes were analyzed after harvesting the grain. Aroma was detected by 1.7% KOH as a sensory test. Based on sensory test, six genotypes were detected for having strong aroma; 7 for moderate aroma; 10 for slight aroma and 3 for no aroma. Aroma had significant and positive association with grain length-width ratio; significant and negative association with grain width, significant and negative association with gelatinization temperature, and no significant association with grain length. Three SSR primers viz; RM223, RM515 and RM342 were used for identifying fgr gene locus in 26 rice genotypes. The primer RM223 identified the fgr locus as homozygous condition for 6 as strong aromatic, 7 moderate aromatic, 10 slight aromatic and the rest 3 as non aromatic. The primer RM515 detected 4 as strong aromatic, 6 as moderate aromatic, and 16 as slight to non aromatic. The primer RM342 detected 3 as strong aromatic and four as moderate aromatic, 19 as slight to non aromatic. Compared among the three markers, RM223 detected the highest number of fgr locus in aromatic rice genotypes. Among the three primers, RM223 responded best in all the 26 rice genotypes, because RM223 primer could be able to identify aromatic and nonaromatic genes having higher yield with good agronomic performance and other grain quality traits. These elite lines could be readily used in breeding programme for release aromatic rice variety with considerable yield. Keywords: Microsatellite markers; aromatic rice DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9482 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 82-88
Misoprostol - A Wonder Drug
Authors: Shaheen M , Sharma R
Published: January 2012

Misoprostol is a synthetic analogue of natural prostaglandin E1. It has a very convenient and flexible drug dosing, can be administered orally, sublingually, buccally, rectally and by vaginal route. Misoprostol is useful for elective early medical abortion, cervical ripening in surgical abortion as well as in gynecological D & C, mid trimester abortion, cervical ripening and induction of labour in live or dead fetus as well as in prevention and treatment of PPH. Key words: Misoprostol; medical abortion; induction of labour; postpartum hemorrhage.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9490BJMS 2011; 10 (4): 221-225
Medical Education in south east Asia Current trend and Malaysia's perspective
Authors: Deka PK
Published: January 2012

After the concept of evidence based medicine it became important all over the world to have more structured, clinical oriented curriculum. According to the United Nations, Asia is divided into five sub regions. Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam belong to South-eastern Asia. To cope with the rapid changes in medical education curriculum most of the medical school in Asia particularly south East Asian countries adopted took up curriculum to fit to the current need. Medical education in Malaysia and Singapore developed similarly as the two countries together formed a federation in the British Empire until independence in 1957. Currently, in medical education, a trend has emerged to utilize "trustable research findings" in place of "personal opinions" as a basis for educational management and decision-making. Several of Malaysia's medical schools partner with other European, American and Asian schools, and students sometimes earn the certification or accreditation to practice in those countries as well. In the context of changing medical education system, South East Asia is also adopting up to date medical curriculum for the medical students in these countries. As a result rapid changes in curriculum with special focus on research these schools likely to become a hub of 'educational tourist'. Keywords: Medical education; Malaysia; South East Asia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9491 BJMS 2011; 10 (4): 226-229
Health Awareness among Geriatric People
Authors: Rahaman A , Lahiry S , Yasmin N , Faruquee MH , Khalil I
Published: January 2012

Demographic and epidemiological transitions reveal geriatric problems as burning public health issue. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to explore the health awareness among geriatric people in Mirpur in Dhaka city from January to April 2008 on purposively selected persons aged 60 years and above. An interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The mean age of the respondents was found to be 66.5 ±7.25 yrs (Range: 60-103 yrs). It was found that perfect knowledge about food, nutrition, health and disease is significantly high among male respondents. The study revealed that 13.3% and 12.8% respondents have perfect knowledge on balanced diet and fiber containing food for regular bowel movement respectively. A large number of respondents (40.6%) were found having no knowledge about osteoporosis preventing foods. It was also found that 38.0% and 22.6% respondents have no knowledge regarding the causes of gingivitis and helminthasis respectively. On the basis of significant findings, it was suggested that more emphasis should be given on health education and awareness among geriatric people in order to ensure physical, mental and socially sound health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9497 BJMS 2011; 10 (4): 260-265
Morphological study of weight of the ovary at different age group in Bangladeshi people
Authors: Ahmed MS , Rahman H , Ara ZG , Sultana SZ , Rahman M
Published: January 2012

Aims: The morphological study was aimed to finedout the ovarian weight in dif ferent age group in Bangladeshi people to increase the knowledge regarding weight variation in our population. Subject & Methods: This cross - sectional study was carried out on Sixty two postmortem tissue contain ovary and fallopian tube along with surrounding structures were collected from 62- female cadaver of different age group by block dissection and fixed in 10% formal saline solution. Gross and fine dissections were carried out to see the morphological parameter of weight of the ovary in different age groups. In the present study, findings were compared with findings of the other researchers. Results: Maximum mean weight of the right ovary is found in this study in group C (46-80) years is 5.78gm and minimum weight is found in group A (2-13 years ) is 3.36gm .But incase left ovary Maximum in group B(14-45)years is 5.01 and minimum group a (2-13)is 2.72gm. statistatical analysis significant different between two groups was calculated by using students "T"Test. In the present study it is observed that the weight of the ovary is not equal on both side of same individual. Key words: ovary,morphology; weight DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9498 BJMS 2011; 10 (4): 266-268
A rare presentation of Bilateral mesiodens in maxilla
Authors: Nayak S
Published: January 2012

Supernumerary teeth are a relatively frequent disorder of odontogenesis characterized by an excess number of teeth. Mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary teeth found in the premaxilla between the two central incisors. They can be supplemental (resembling natural teeth), conical, tuberculate, or molariform. We present a rare case of 41 year old male patient who presented with bilateral mesiodens. Key words: Mesiodens; supernumerary teeth; maxillary central incisor DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9503 BJMS 2011; 10 (4): 287-288
Observation and treatment of some adult fracture cases initially treated by indigenous physicians
Authors: Azad AK , Azad QA , Sultana S , Ahasan P
Published: January 2012

From December 2000 to November 2009, 10 cases of closed fracture which were usually needed definitive operative treatment were included in this study. All the patient were adult. Among them 8 patients were male and 2 were female. Patients were initially treated by Kabiraji method by indigenous physicians and ultimately referred to district hospital within 7 days to 6 weeks. All the fractures were treated by conservative method and the fractures were healed within 3 months. ROM were full. Among the fracture 3 were Galeazzi fracture dislocation, 5 were fracture radius and ulna and 2 were fracture shaft of femur. Average age of the patients were 28years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9508 BJMS 2011; 10(4): 302-303
Functional response of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot to Tetranychus urticae Koch: effects of prey life stages and temperature
Authors: Hoque Md Fazlul , Islam Md Wahedul , Khalequzzaman M
Published: January 2012

This paper examines the effect of density and temperature on the functional response of adult female Phytoseiulus persimilis to different life stages of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. The functional response was determined using functional response assay technique with plant leaf discs an arena. We conducted a logistic regression of the proportion of prey consumed as a function of initial prey density to identify functional response types, and used nonlinear least-squares regression and the random predator equation to estimate attack rates and handling times. In all the cases number of adult male prey attacked by female predator were greater than adult female prey. P. persimilis consumed more eggs and larvae than other stages of prey. Female predator consumed adult prey at each temperature which generally increased with prey density initially but leveled off at higher prey densities. The highest number of eggs, larvae and nymphs consumed by predator in 24 hours was 16.3 ± 0.42, 9.9 ± 0.59 and 9.5 ± 0.40 respectively whereas the highest number of eggs, larvae and nymphs consumed by a single female in 48 hours was 19.5 ± 1.15, 18.6 ± 0.62 and 13.3 ± 0.65 respectively. Handling time generally decreased with temperature whereas successful attack rate increased with temperature except at 30º C. Judging by a/Th values, P. persimilis was most efficient against T. urticae at 30-35ºC, about half as efficient at 25 ºC and performed poorly at 20º C. Again, from a/Th values, P. persimilis was most efficient against T. urticae in egg stage, about half as efficient at larva and nymph stages and performed poorly at adult stage.   Key words: Phytoseiulus persimilis; Tetranychus urticae; functional response; predation; temperature.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v29i1.9458 UJZRU 2010; 29(1): 1-8
Seasonal abundance of zooplankton and growth performance of prawn and fish in ponds of Rajshahi
Authors: Siddique MAB , Hussain M Afzal , Hossain MA , Alam M Manjurul
Published: January 2012

The present study was conducted on seasonal abundance of phytoplankton of prawn based carp polyculture system fishponds for a period of six months from September 2006 to February in the village Meherchandi of Boalia thana under Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. During the study period, it was found that water temperature varied from 16.59°C (T2) to 29.82 (T1), transparency 26.72 (T1) to 40.13cm (T2), pH 7.21 (T1) to 8.0 (T2) DO 2.13 (T2) to 3.6mg/l (T2), CO2 4.63 (T1) to 10.63mg/l (T2), NH3N 0.001 (T1) to 0.0197mg/l (T2) and total alkalinity fluctuated from 85.38 (T1) to 147.75mgl (T2). A total four groups of zooplankton were identified where 5 rotifera (38.41%) was dominant followed by 3 cladocera (31.49%), 2 copepoda (21.84%) and crustacean larvae (8.26%). It was also found that zooplankton showed abundance in February. The highest total average zooplankton (18390.79±2144.63 cells/l) was recorded in T1 than T2 which might be due to the effective uses by high stocking density of fishes. Zooplankton showed positive correlation with pH, DO, CO2 and alkalinity in T1. In case of T2, positive co-relationship was found with pH, DO, CO2 and NH3-N. The mean values of highest final weight of M. rosenbergii, H. molitrix and C. catla were 89.20±8.62g (T1), 682.70±44.20g (T2) and 428.00±4.50g (T1) respectively, highest survival rate was found 76.25±6.25% (T1) of prawn and highest total average yield was obtained 940.65±259.43 kg/ha in T2 due to high stocking densities of prawn. Key words: Zooplankton abundance; physico-chemical parameters; carp polyculture; growth performance DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v29i1.9459 UJZRU 2010; 29(1): 9-15
Effect of salinity on the survival and growth of mud crabling, Scylla serrata
Authors: Mia MY , Shah MMR
Published: January 2012

An experiment was conducted for a period of eight weeks under laboratory conditions to determine the effect of different salinity levels on the survival and growth of crablings of mud crab, Scylla serrata. The different salinity levels tested were: 5 ppt, 10 ppt, 15 ppt, 20 ppt and 25 ppt. The differences in growth increment in terms of body weight (BW) were significant (p<0.05) among different salinity treatments. The specific growth rate (SGR%/day) values of 2.67, 2.85, 4.07, 4.39 and 4.46 at 5 ppt, 10 ppt, 15 ppt, 20 ppt and 25 ppt, respectively were found significant (p<0.05). The survival rates of crablings were found to be the highest (47.67%) at 25 ppt and lowest (10%) at 5 ppt (p<0.05). The results indicated that increase of salinity from 5 to 25 ppt had significant effect on the survival and growth of mud crablings.   Key words: Mud crabling; salinity; specific growth rate; survival rate DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v29i1.9462 UJZRU 2010; 29(1): 29-32
Dry and wet season polymorphism in the butterflies, Melanitis leda and Mycalesis mineus (Satyridae: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Islam ATMF , Razzak MA , Islam MH , Saifullah ASM , Endo K , Yamanaka Akira
Published: January 2012

A field survey of butterflies was carried out in different areas of deciduous forests at Kaliakyar, Gazipur, during January-December, 2008. Seven species of satyrid butterflies were collected and two species, Melanitis leda and Mycalesis mineus were found to exhibit dry and wet season polymorphism. The dry season forms (DSFs) and wet season forms (WSFs) of the both species were distinguished by their upperside and underside wing patterns. The DSFs occurred only in the drier period (November to February) when day length was shorter than 12 hrs. at lower temperatures (24.1-20.6°C). Both the species of butterflies of the wetter period (March - October) were predominant of the WSF when day length was longer than 12 hrs. at higher temperatures (26.8-27.6°C). The fluctuations in the number of seasonal forms of M. leda and M. mineus were higher in DSF than those of WSF. The transition of DSF to WSF and WSF to DSF of M. leda was found to occur around the end of April and the early of September, respectively. But the turnover of DSF to WSF occurred around the early March and the turnover of WSF to DSF in October in M. mineus.   Key word: Butterflies; seasons; polymorphism; Melanitis leda; Mycalesis mineus DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v29i1.9463 UJZRU 2010; 29(1): 33-39
Seasonal occurrence of parasites of the major carp, Cirrhina mrigala (Hamilton) collected from Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiyan Abdus Salam , Akther Sarmin , Amena Noor E
Published: January 2012

The research work was conducted to find out the seasonal occurrence of parasites of the major carp, Cirrhina mrigala from different water bodies of Rajshahi district during April 2009 to January 2010. A total of 95 fishes were examined of which 72 fishes were infected. Thirteen species of parasites viz. Trichodina pediculatus, Chilodonella cyprini, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Apiosoma sp., Dactylogyrus vastator, Gyrodactylus elegans, Hirudo sp., Argulus foliaceus, Lernaea sp. Phyllodistomum agnotum, Eucreadium sp., Camallanus ophiocephali and Pallisentis sp. were recorded from the infected fishes. Among all the parasites G. elegans was the most dominant parasite and skin had been found as the most vulnerable site for parasitic infestation. The maximum infestation was observed in winter season and the minimum infestation was observed in rainy season.   Key words: Cirrhina mrigala; parasite; prevalence; abundance; mean intensity; infestation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v29i1.9465 UJZRU 2010; 29(1): 47-50
Toxicity of dishwashing liquids against the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L. (Dictyoptera: Blattidae)
Authors: Reza AM Saleh , Din Md MI , Parween Selina
Published: January 2012

Dishwashing liquids viz. Vim and Trix at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% were toxic against the adult American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L. after 24-h of exposure. Knockdown effect of the detergents was found to be 70-78% by contact with both the detergents. Whereas, by dipping 100% of the cockroaches were knocked down and ultimately died at 24-h exposure. The LC50 values were calculated for contact toxicity were 1.490% for Vim and 0.883% for Trix. The results revealed that Trix is more toxic than Vim against the adult P. americana.   Keywords: Dishwashing liquid; toxicity; Periplaneta americana. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v29i1.9466 UJZRU 2010; 29(1): 51-55
A preliminary survey of arthropod diversity through pitfall trap in the selective habitats at Rajshahi University Campus
Authors: Hossain Mosharrof
Published: January 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v29i1.9471UJZRU 2010; 29(1): 73-75Key words: arthropod; diversity; insects; pitfall trap,
Evaluation of a Centrifuged Double Y-Shape Microfluidic Platform for Simple Continuous Cell Environment Exchange
Authors: Hattori Akihiro , Yasuda Kenji
Published: January 2012

We have demonstrated the efficacy of a microfluidic medium exchange method for single cells using passive centrifugal force of a rotating microfluidic-chip based platform. At the boundary of two laminar flows at the gathering area of two microfluidic pathways in a Y-shape, the cells were successfully transported from one laminar flow to the other, without mixing the two microfluidic mediums of the two laminar flows during cell transportation, within 5 s with 1 g (150 rpm) to 36.3 g (900 rpm) acceleration, with 93.5% efficiency. The results indicate that this is one of the most simple and precise tools for exchanging medium in the shortest amount of time.
The Curious Case of Arenavirus Entry, and Its Inhibition
Authors: Nunberg Jack H. , York Joanne
Published: January 2012

Arenaviruses comprise a diverse family of enveloped negative-strand RNA viruses that are endemic to specific rodent hosts worldwide. Several arenaviruses cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans, including Junín and Machupo viruses in South America and Lassa fever virus in western Africa. Arenavirus entry into the host cell is mediated by the envelope glycoprotein complex, GPC. The virion is endocytosed on binding to a cell-surface receptor, and membrane fusion is initiated in response to physiological acidification of the endosome. As with other class I virus fusion proteins, GPC-mediated membrane fusion is promoted through a regulated sequence of conformational changes leading to formation of the classical postfusion trimer-of-hairpins structure. GPC is, however, unique among the class I fusion proteins in that the mature complex retains a stable signal peptide (SSP) as a third subunit, in addition to the canonical receptor-binding and fusion proteins. We will review the curious properties of the tripartite GPC complex and describe evidence that SSP interacts with the fusion subunit to modulate pH-induced activation of membrane fusion. This unusual solution to maintaining the metastable prefusion state of GPC on the virion and activating the class I fusion cascade at acidic pH provides novel targets for antiviral intervention.
Ulysse de Joyce : l'imprésentable
Authors: Peterson Michel
Published: January 2012

Joyce's Ulysses.

"Ulysses" is a nodal work that confronts the reader with new concepts of space and time and incites him to examine the perpetual off-centering of fields of meaning in both modern and post-modern societies. The use of as many different types of narrative as possible, the constant displacement of enunciative postures and Bloom's transgressive subjectivity join together to give the work a resolutely anti-romantic and ironic tone. The poetics of self-reflexivity are founded on a parodic vision of society. Modernism or postmodernism ? "Ulysses" raises language to heights that provoke the devaluation of accepted codes.
Physiologie du mariage et de l'emblème
Authors: Cornilliat François
Published: January 2012

Emblematic art is an art of compromise. The dualistic composition — image/word, body/soul — in which each part must adapt to the other in a problematic hierarchy, is perfectly paralleled by the state of marriage. As an institution, marriage works in much the same way as an emblem in regulating the relation between the sexes. Do they not both treat the question of pairing ? The example of Aneau and Alciat permits us to study the modalities of this « composition ».
De pièces et de morceaux . Les Blasons domestiques de Gilles Corrozet
Authors: Daverdin-Liaroutzos Chantal
Published: January 2012

Corrozet's "Blasons domestiques" proves among other things that the didactic genre belongs to the « poetics » as well as the lyric genre. In its inventory of the different parts of the house, the book uses a method of description combining fragmentation and accumulation, a device borrow from the heraldy of love, and a fantasmatic expression of an impossible to satisfy desire to possess, and it demonstrates that literature, whatever it may claim as its object, isfondamentaly the expression of a lack.
À l'en-tête d'Holopherne
Authors: Hollier Denis
Published: January 2012

This essay argues that, in Manhood, the Judith Salome diptych has a

deeper and more structuring effect than Cranach's

Lucrèce and Judith, even though Le iris himself used the latter in order to frame his autobiographical volume.

The Judith I Salome' diptych is composed by the very two figures whose merging Panofsky (he could have mentioned the Judith II (« Salome ») that Klimmt painted in 1911) singled out as one of the most flagrant symptoms of modern ignorance of iconology : for the sexuali^ation of Judith entailed by this coupling is an iconographie blasphemy ; no humanist would have dared equate her patriotic virtue with Salomé' s capricious perversity.

But, in Leiris's logic, Holophernes' s beheading is a sufficient ground for retroactively motivating, even if fantasmatically , her sexualization (his Judith is a praying-mantis figure who transforms her lover into an Acephalus) . The present essay, however, argues that, inspite of Leiris's insistence, his identifying with the beheaded Holophernes (or Saint John) is not primarily rooted in sexual fantasies, but in a deeper articulation between the self-portrait as a genre (literary as well as pictorial) and exemplary figures of beheading.
Acharnement herméneutique, sur un fragment de Fibrilles
Authors: Bellemin-Noël Jean
Published: January 2012

In considering the case of a triple dream covering T three distinct periods in the life of Leiris, we advance the hypothesis that the narrative (the work) of a dream element in an autobiography incorporates four sorts of data : the reconstituted text of the dream, the lived experience contemporaneous with the reconstituted text, the preceding or subsequent lived experience recalled through association and, finally, effects of style which are properly speaking textual and which appear in the course of ' literary' execution. Such effects of style can he generated only through and within the tensions of the writing and are thus effects of text. For the reader-critic reinterpreting this rewriting, this latter material is crucial, even if the status of such material is problematical so far as the relation to the author and his awareness of it is concerned.
La lettre à Louise
Authors: Marmande Francis
Published: January 2012

On his return from the Dakar- Djibouti expedition, Michel Leiris

gave a scientific presentation of the secret language of the Dogons Some

time later, he made an analysis of the concept of possession amongst the Gondar of Ethiopia.

Language — the secret — identity and masks — in a sense everything is here — plus that excessive subjectivity which surprises ethnologists. Leiris, who sent his impressions of Africa to his wife Louise, dedicates the entire œuvre « like a long letter to his customary, tender confidante, his pale-eyed companion » without ever realising that it is her name and none other that he writes as he veers obsessively between the names of the Gondar and the Dogans : her name is Louise Godon.
Inscriptions et écriture, Leiris, Éluard, Char
Authors: Mathieu Jean-Claude
Published: January 2012

Such 'inscriptions' as engravings, tracks, graffiti and epitaphs

ring within or around a text, may at first glance appear to represent a different or reverse layer when considered in relation to the linear discourse they disrupt. Such inscriptions' however, can be readily accommodated within the conventions of surrealism and amongst those other stylistic practices particular to the movement. In considering the relationship between inscription and écriture in the surrealist works of Leiris, Eluard and Char, it becomes clear that for Leiris the relationship is between the sign that strikes like lightning, inscribed in capitals on the human subject, and the sinuous progression of autobiographical discourse For Eluard, the myth of pure 'parole' , freed from the bonds of the book, delays his emergence into the visible universe of signs and 'inscriptions'. For Char, the moribund fixity of the inscription must be reintegrated little by little into the movement of becoming. Thus can be seen the shuttling back and forth of surrealist writing between revelation as vouchsafed by the inscribed sign become sacred and liberation into the unending, free flux of 'parole' .
Les Carnets de la drôle de guerre de Jean-Paul Sartre : effets d'écriture, effets de lecture
Authors: Contât Michel , Deguy Jacques
Published: January 2012

As a soldier during the winter of 1939-40, Sartre kept a diary. An incomplete version of this diary was found and published, after Sartre's death, in

MICHEL CONTAT ET JACQUES DEGUY :

LES CARNETS DE LA DRÔLE DE GUERRE DE JEAN-PAUL SARTRE, EFFETS D'ÉCRITURE, EFFETS DE LECTURE

The place these writings occupy in Sartre' s œuvre is examined from several points of view : chronological importance, textual interest, real events as opposed to the fictional diary of La Nausée, their place within Sartre's imaginative universe and their relation to the War Diary genre. The fate of these Carnets has turned out to be paradoxical : conceived of as an impossible book, they were read by a few friends and then forgotten.
Galilée et le sublime
Authors: Hallyn Fernand
Published: January 2012

Galileo and the Sublime.

The article attempts to describe Galileo's rhetoric in his Starry Messenger (1610) in terms of the sublime, which appears in a threefold register: in the style of exposition of the discoveries; in the characterisation of the science as noblest of all the arts; and in the elevation of the Earth among the celestial bodies.
Les théâtres et la cognition
Authors: Mahieu Raymond
Published: January 2012

Cognition theatre.

Representing convincingly the scientist, in his education or practise, seems to be difficult for the XlXth century novel. To understand this difficulty we will assume that the novel writer of last century, considering himself as producing science, can hardly conceive the activity of cognition which in a way would compete with himself; therefore the scientist figure is mediatised or deceptive.
Savoir scientifique et défaut de jugement dans Bouvard et Pécuchet
Authors: Granger Gilles G.
Published: January 2012

Scientific knowledge and lack of judgment in « Bouvard et Pécuchet ».

The story of scientific knowledge failures — failures due to a lack of judgment — takes place on three stages: among the inhabitants of Chavignolles, stage of human stupidity; among the half-real world of the two fellows; and then, as in a glimpse, in the author mind. We analyse more specifically the mentality features, the meaning of their failure and the evolution towards the final resolution which we wry to interpretate as Flaubert's expression of ambiguity.
Noa Noa : une fable exotique
Authors: Maubon Catherine
Published: January 2012

Gauguin, the stranger, the Indian as he used to call himself, left for Tahiti in spring 1891. Savage among the savages, he went far beyond the temptation of the other, By learning and deepening his knowledge of Maori life, he increased the consciousness of his Self and his radical difference. The account of this first experience is Noa Noa. Written on the margin of painting, it constitutes an important reaction against contemporary french exotic literature.
Butor et Pfund en nécromants
Authors: Gateau Jean-Charles
Published: January 2012

Compel the deads to come back is what Pfund's aquatints aim at ; and Butor gives them voices. The formal structure of Butor' s writing gives limits, builds passages and, by permutations, allows reversibility. This is a strategy against the strange power of the engraving. Series of metaphors and metonymies are connected with the literary fecundity of images. The poem intricated with humour and mourning, gives to the images their desolated voice.
Presque ou du narratif en peinture
Authors: Vouilloux Bernard
Published: January 2012

Between presentation and representation, from figure to figurability, from Blais to Balzac, considering what has been written fry critics as Marin or Derrida, there runs the topic of sublime in painting. Drawing is the invisible evidence of painting. The painter's melancholy is in the gap between the wall and the picture. To get the answer to sublime and its limits, to the whole and its fragments, look at the frame and the framing. The modernity pointed at by Balzac is an invitation to a hazardous reading that should exhaust the narrative. Texts and paintings float together as variables of the numerous possibilities offered by each work of painting.
Breton, l'âme du voir
Authors: Grivel Charles
Published: January 2012

The surrealist poetry tries to be eye's incarnation. The different philosophical apories concerning Vision are examined and connected with Breton ' s theory of images. Eleven propositions are developped : « seing » tells the Eye ; « seeing » is matter of transparency ; « seeing » is to know ; « seeing » and « being seen » should be a glance ; the mirror is a metaphor of the eye ; the two-way mirror is a metaphor of the eye ; the eye is a metaphor of consciousness ; a text which could be the achievement of consciousness ; the eye is concerned by automatism ; what is written is a screen ; pleasure premium.
Claude Simon : le temps, l'écriture
Authors: Calle-Gruber Mireille
Published: January 2012

L'Acacia, a new kind of autobiography, in which fictional story and fiction of writing are strictly linked, tells two alternate stories, the narrator' s one and his father' s one. The different generations are involved in a kind of a-chrony. Son and Father are tied together in Nobody's writings : all kind of connections are developped in that text, and make it an homo- and hetero-biography more than an auto-biography . The subject is indefinitly postponed. L'Acacia is a rhapsody, in which the stream of writing inscribes the experience and demonstration of Time.
Le "chicot-crucifix" et le texte vestige
Authors: Merlin Hélène
Published: January 2012

Beckett's Malone meurt is a problematic novel acting like a drama about telling and writing. It's a tragedy without telos. Narrator and characters are the tragic vestiges. This novel can be compared with the traditional Artes moriendi. Death and decay, resurrection and fusion are the main themes, but with irony in its use of allegorical and mystical imagination. In Malone meurt the poet himself is the sacrificial actor and victim.
Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo, poète de l'enracinement et de la nuit
Authors: Meitinger Serge
Published: January 2012

The greatest Malagasy poet's life and works have been a permanent rivalry with the colonial civilisation. He first used Trench language and poetic patterns to tell the exile in his own land, in the Du Bellay's Regrets' way. Then he turned towards the cultural and linguistic Malagasy identity and made the main theme of his works out of them. Rabearivelo took the difficult way between French and Malagasy languages, interbreeding native inspiration and foreign poetics in a reciprocal metamorphosis. The thematic of night, especially in Traduit de la nuit, is the congruent metaphor of that poetical, historical and cultural situation. But trying to obtain with a permanent exchange between Malagasy inspiration and Trench language more than each of them could produce , he ivas at the end considered as a traitor to both sides. May be R abearivelo even thought his ambition too intimate and too universal if his ancestors couldn't approve his legitimity .
Philosophes et voyous, ou « l'engagement » mis entre parenthèses
Authors: Souchier Emmanuël
Published: January 2012

Philosophers ans bad boys (II°, or brackets around « commitment ».

In January 1951 Queneau published, in "Les Temps modernes", an article theorizing the relationship of philosophers and bad boys to the bourgeois; its second part was never completed. However, unpublished material from the manuscript and the proofs of the first instalment would probably have gone into this second part, and is presented here.
La Bildung et le « sens de la langue » : Wilhem von Humboldt
Authors: Escoubas Eliane
Published: January 2012

Bildung and « linguistic sense »: Wilhem von Humboldt.

The link between literature and philosophy in German idealism works itself out through and in language and

through a renewal of the understanding of language exemplified in Humboldfs "Einleitung zur Kawi-werk", where language is theorised as the means for and locus of the Kantian synthesis, while the temporal dimension of language dynamises the Kantian system.