bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing opportunities for children’s informal STEM learning transfer through parent–child narrative reflection
Authors: Marcus Maria , Tõugu Pirko , Haden Catherine A. , Uttal David H.
Published: August 2021

This study examined whether families’ conversational reflections after a STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics)‐related experience in a museum promoted learning transfer. 63 children (M = 6.93 years; 30 girls; 57% White, 17.5% Latinx, 8% Asian, 5% African American, 9.5% mixed, 3% missing race/ethnicity) and their parents received an engineering demonstration, engaged in a building activity, and either recorded a photo‐narrative reflection about their building experience or not at the museum. Thirty‐six of these families completed a building activity with different materials weeks later at home, and the majority (77%) evidenced learning transfer of the building principle demonstrated at the museum. Those who participated in the photo‐narrative reflection at the museum also showed learning transfer by talking more about STEM during the home building activity.
Clinical and molecular delineation of PUS3‐associated neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Nøstvik Miriam , Kateta Sarah M. , Schönewolf‐Greulich Bitten , Afenjar Alexandra , Barth Magalie , Boschann Felix , Doummar Diane , Haack Tobias B. , Keren Boris , Livshits Ludmila A. , Mei Davide , Park Joohyun , Pisano Tiziana , Prouteau Clement , Umair Muhammad , Waqas Ahmed , Ziegler Alban , Guerrini Renzo , Møller Rikke S. , Tümer Zeynep
Published: August 2021

Biallelic variants in PUS3 have recently been recognized as a rare cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. Pseudouridine synthase‐3 encoded by PUS3 is an enzyme important for modification of various RNAs, including transfer RNA (tRNA). Here we present the clinical and genetic features of 21 individuals with biallelic PUS3 variants: seven new and 14 previously reported individuals, where clinical features of two were updated. The clinical and genetic information were collected through collaborations or by literature search. All individuals were characterized by the local clinicians and the gene variants were identified by next generation sequencing (NGS) based methodologies. The clinical picture was dominated by global developmental delay, epilepsy, hypotonia and microcephaly. Gray sclera, which has previously been suggested to be a characteristic feature of PUS3‐associated phenotypes, was reported in only seven individuals. The patients had some dysmorphic facial features, but a recognizable gestalt was not observed. In conclusion, homozygous and compound heterozygous PUS3 variants lead to a rare neurodevelopmental disorder. Further functional studies are necessary to understand involvement of PUS3 and tRNA biogenesis in normal and abnormal brain development.
Contact allergy to fragrance mix I and its components in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen
Authors: Marmgren Victoria , Mowitz Martin , Zimerson Erik , Hindsén Monica , Bruze Magnus
Published: August 2021

Background

Contact allergy to fragrance mix I (FM I) is over‐represented in patients photoallergic to ketoprofen. The prevalence of contact allergy to two components of FM I, cinnamal and cinnamyl alcohol, in ketoprofen‐photoallergic patients is higher than in dermatitis patients.

Objective

To explore the prevalence of contact allergy to FM I and its individual components in patients with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen, and to compare with a dermatitis and the general population.

Methods

Data on patch and photopatch tests performed between 2009‐2018 were collected. Ketoprofen‐photoallergic patients were compared with dermatitis patients and published data on the general population regarding the prevalence and the distribution of contact allergy to FM I and its components.

Results

A higher prevalence of contact allergy to cinnamyl alcohol compared with cinnamal (23.3% vs 10.0%), and eugenol compared with isoeugenol (23.3% vs 6.7%), was observed in ketoprofen‐photoallergic patients, while the relationship was the opposite in the dermatitis group (0.7% vs 1.05%; 0.4% vs 0.9%). The overall prevalence of contact allergy to several components of FM I was significantly higher in ketoprofen‐photoallergic patients.

Conclusions

Contact allergy to FM I and many of its components is over‐represented in patients photoallergic to ketoprofen compared with dermatitis patients and the general population.
Replacing “parachute science” with “global science” in ecology and conservation biology
Authors: Asase Alex , Mzumara‐Gawa Tiwonge I. , Owino Jesse O. , Peterson Andrew T. , Saupe Erin
Published: August 2021

Biodiversity remains relatively unknown and understudied in many parts of the developing world with significant information gaps, in stark contrast to many areas in the developed world, where knowledge about biodiversity can approach encyclopedic. Access to resources, such as funding, data, information, expertise, and biological collections (often collected by colonial‐era scientists from across the developing world), is often quite limited for developing‐world scientists. The life of a biodiversity scientist in the developing world is therefore one of manifold dilemmas and challenges, as well as numerous opportunities. Although collaborations exist between developing‐world scientists and developed‐world scientists, too many of those collaborations are not deep or permanent, and developing‐world scientists are too often relegated to a subordinate role. The focus in this contribution is on providing suggestions for how to open and build access to resources for developing‐world scientists. Everyone benefits if developing‐world and developed‐world scientists work together collaboratively to pose interesting and novel questions, generate new data, update existing data, carry out analyses, and arrive at interesting insights and interpretations. In this way, the biodiversity science community can replace “parachute” science with “global science.”
Evaluation of drug‐drug interaction potential between omecamtiv mecarbil and rosuvastatin, a BCRP substrate, with a clinical study in healthy subjects and using a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model
Authors: Trivedi Ashit , Sohn Winnie , Kulkarni Priyanka , Jafarinasabian Pegah , Zhang Hanze , Spring Marintan , Flach Stephen , Abbasi Siddique , Wahlstrom Jan , Lee Edward , Dutta Sandeep
Published: August 2021

Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) is a novel cardiac myosin activator in development for the treatment of heart failure. In vitro, OM is an inhibitor of BCRP. Rosuvastatin, a BCRP substrate, is one of the most commonly prescribed medications in patients with heart failure. The potential for a pharmacokinetic (PK) drug‐drug interaction (DDI) was investigated, specifically to determine whether a single 50 mg dose of OM would impact the PKs of a single 10 mg dose of rosuvastatin in an open‐label study in 14 healthy subjects. The ratios of the geometric least‐square means (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) of rosuvastatin co‐administered with OM compared to rosuvastatin alone were 127.1% (90% CI 113.8–141.9), 132.8% (90% CI 120.7–146.1), and 154.2% (90% CI 132.8–179.1) for area under the plasma‐concentration time curve from time zero to infinity (AUCinf), area under the plasma‐concentration time curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable concentration (AUClast), and maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax), respectively. Whereas the DDI study with rosuvastatin was conducted with the co‐administration of a single dose of OM, in the clinical setting, patients receive OM at doses of 25, 37.5, or 50 mg twice daily (b.i.d.). Hence, to extrapolate the results of the DDI study to a clinically relevant scenario of continuous b.i.d. dosing with OM, physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was performed to explore the potential of BCRP inhibition following continuous b.i.d. dosing of OM at the highest 50 mg dose. Modeling results indicated that following 50 mg b.i.d. dosing of OM, the predicted ratios of the geometric means (90% CIs) for rosuvastatin AUCinf and Cmax were 1.18 (90% CI 1.16–1.20) and 2.04 (90% CI 1.99–2.10), respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that OM, following multiple dose administration, is a weak inhibitor of BCRP substrates and is in accordance with that observed in the single dose OM DDI clinical study.
Evaluating models for predicting microclimates across sparsely vegetated and topographically diverse ecosystems
Authors: Baker David J. , Dickson Catherine R. , Bergstrom Dana M. , Whinam Jennie , Maclean Ilya M.D. , McGeoch Melodie A.
Published: August 2021

Aim

Microclimate information is often crucial for understanding ecological patterns and processes, including under climate change, but is typically absent from ecological and biogeographic studies owing to difficulties in obtaining microclimate data. Recent advances in microclimate modelling, however, suggest that microclimate conditions can now be predicted anywhere at any time using hybrid physically and empirically based models. Here, we test these methods across a sparsely vegetated and topographically diverse sub‐Antarctic island ecosystem (Macquarie Island).

Innovation

Microclimate predictions were generated at a height of 4 cm above the surface on a 100 × 100 m elevation grid across the island for the snow‐free season (Oct–Mar), with models driven by either climate reanalysis data (CRA) or CRA data augmented with meteorological observations from the island's automatic weather station (AWS+CRA). These models were compared with predictions from a simple lapse rate model (LR), where an elevational adjustment was applied to hourly temperature measurements from the AWS. Prediction errors tended to be lower for AWS+CRA‐driven models, particularly when compared to the CRA‐driven models. The AWS+CRA and LR models had similar prediction errors averaged across the season for Tmin and Tmean, but prediction errors for Tmax were much smaller for the former. The within‐site correlation between observed and predicted daily Tmean was on average >0.8 in all months for AWS+CRA predictions and >0.7 in all months for LR predictions, but consistently lower for CRA predictions.

Main conclusions

Prediction of microclimate conditions at ecologically relevant spatial and temporal scales is now possible using hybrid models, and these often provide added value over lapse rate models, particularly for daily extremes and when driven by in situ meteorological observations. These advances will help add the microclimate dimension to ecological and biogeographic studies and aid delivery of climate change‐resilient conservation planning in climate change‐exposed ecosystems.
Tranexamic acid versus fractional carbon dioxide laser in post‐acne hyperpigmentation
Authors: Tawfic Shereen Osama , Abdel Hay Rania , Salim Hadeel , Elmasry Maha Fathy
Published: August 2021

Post‐acne hyperpigmentation is a common undesirable sequela of acne vulgaris that causes distress for many patients. This study's objective was to compare the efficacy of both low‐power/low‐density fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and tranexamic acid (TXA) microinjection on post‐acne hyperpigmentation. Twenty‐five post‐acne hyperpigmentation patients (resistant to regular treatment for more than 6 months) were enrolled in this randomized split‐face study. One side of the face was randomly assigned to low‐power fractional CO2 laser every 4 weeks, and the other side was assigned to TXA intradermal‐microinjection every 2 weeks for 3 months. Efficacy was evaluated using digital photography, dermoscopy, post‐acne hyperpigmentation index (PAHPI), melanin index (MI), and erythema index (EI) at baseline and 4 weeks after the last session. Both fractional CO2 laser and TXA microinjection treatment sides showed a significant reduction in the PAHPI and MI (p < 0.001). There was statistically significant difference with better percentage of improvement regarding total dermoscopic score on the fractional CO2 laser side than the TXA microinjections side (p < 0.009). Both fractional CO2 laser and TXA microinjection are effective and safe treatment options for post‐acne hyperpigmentation with potential superiority of fractional CO2 laser. We also believe that dermoscopy could be helpful tool for assessment of pigmentation depth in patients on treatment by analyzing the color pattern.

ClinicalTrials.govID: NCT03765021.
Auditory deviance detection and involuntary attention allocation in occupational burnout—A follow‐up study
Authors: Pakarinen Satu , Lohilahti Jonne , Sokka Laura , Korpela Jussi , Huotilainen Minna , Müller Kiti
Published: August 2021

Here, we investigated the central auditory processing and attentional control associated with both recovery and prolongation of occupational burnout. We recorded the event‐related brain potentials N1, P2, mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a to nine changes in speech sounds and to three rarely presented emotional (happy, angry and sad) utterances from individuals with burnout (N = 16) and their matched controls (N = 12). After the 5 years follow‐up, one control had acquired burnout, half (N = 8) of the burnout group had recovered, and the other half (prolonged burnout) still had burnout. The processing of acoustical changes in speech sounds was mainly intact. Prolongation of the burnout was associated with a decrease in MMN amplitude and an increase in P3a amplitude for the happy stimulus. The results suggest that, in the absence of interventions, burnout is a persistent condition, associated with alterations of attentional control, that may be amplified with the prolongation of the condition.
Hybrid diabetes disease prediction framework based on data imputation and outlier detection techniques
Authors: Srivastava Anand Kumar , Kumar Yugal , Singh Pradeep Kumar
Published: August 2021

In the field of medical science, accurate prediction is a difficult and challenging task. But, the presence of missing values and outliers can make the prediction task more complicated. Many researchers address the issue of missing value in medical data, either detect the missing value and delete the respective data instances from the dataset or adopt some default methods such as mean, median, neighbour etc., for filling the missing value. However, both methods are lacking to produce optimal results. Furthermore, outliers are also presented in data and degraded the performance of classifier. Few researchers also focus on the outlier detection in medical dataset, but it is not fully explored till date. This work considers the two well‐known problems of data that is, (i) missing value imputation, and (ii) outlier. The missing value imputation issue is addressed through K‐Mean++ based data imputation technique. This technique also validates the data through clustering and also compute the values for missing data. The outlier can be detected through an ABC based outlier detection technique. Further, the final outcome is determined using LS‐SVM classifiers. Hence, this work presents a hybrid disease diagnosis framework for diabetes prediction, called hybrid diabetes prediction framework. The reason behind to choose the diabetes dataset for implementation as it contains 763 missing values and several outliers. The simulation results showed that proposed hybrid framework effectively determines the missing values and outliers in diabetes dataset. Further, the performance of proposed hybrid diabetes prediction framework is evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, kappa and AUC parameters and compared with 34 state of art techniques. Results confirmed that proposed hybrid framework obtains 96.57%, 93.37%, 98.12%, 98.17%, and 95.43% accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, kappa and AUC rate respectively.
Gear restrictions create conservation and fisheries trade‐offs for management
Authors: Carvalho Paul G. , Humphries Austin
Published: August 2021

Gear‐based management for coral reef fisheries is often overlooked in the scientific literature. Empirical studies have demonstrated the conservation benefits of gear‐restricted areas (i.e. prohibiting fishing gears), which can support greater biomass than unrestricted areas and protect species that play key functional roles. However, population dynamics of functional feeding groups of reef fishes under specific gear‐restriction regimes remains uncertain. Here, we constructed a multi‐species, length‐based fisheries model to observe relative biomass and catch of reef fishes under various gear‐restriction management scenarios. We used fishery‐dependent and fishery‐independent data to determine the catchability of functional groups and selectivity of size classes for hook‐and‐line, net and spear fishing, which are widely used gear types on coral reefs globally. Our model revealed trade‐offs involved with gear‐restriction management such that no single management strategy was able to maximize biomass or catch of all functional groups simultaneously. Also, we found that spear fishing (i.e. prohibiting hook‐and‐line and net fishing) maintained the highest total biomass summed across functional groups, whilst hook‐and‐line fishing (i.e. prohibiting net and spear fishing) and a ban on spears maintained the lowest biomass. However, hook‐and‐line fishing generated the highest catch‐per‐unit‐effort. Our model results were primarily driven by differential growth rates, maximum per capita production of recruits, and catchability of functional groups targeted by each fishing gear. We demonstrate that gear restrictions can be a critical management tool for maintaining biomass and catch of certain functional groups but will likely require additional management to protect all key functional feeding groups of coral reef fishes.
Accelerated increase in vegetation carbon sequestration in China after 2010: A turning point resulting from climate and human interaction
Authors: Chen Yongzhe , Feng Xiaoming , Tian Hanqin , Wu Xutong , Gao Zhen , Feng Yu , Piao Shilong , Lv Nan , Pan Naiqing , Fu Bojie
Published: August 2021

China has increased its vegetation coverage and enhanced its terrestrial carbon sink through ecological restoration since the end of the 20th century. However, the temporal variation in vegetation carbon sequestration remains unclear, and the relative effects of climate change and ecological restoration efforts are under debate. By integrating remote sensing and machine learning with a modelling approach, we explored the biological and physical pathways by which both climate change and human activities (e.g., ecological restoration, cropland expansion, and urbanization) have altered Chinese terrestrial ecosystem structures and functions, including vegetation cover, surface heat fluxes, water flux, and vegetation carbon sequestration (defined by gross and net primary production, GPP and NPP). Our study indicated that during 2001–2018, GPP in China increased significantly at a rate of 49.1–53.1 TgC/yr2, and the climatic and anthropogenic contributions to GPP gains were comparable (48%–56% and 44%–52%, respectively). Spatially, afforestation was the dominant mechanism behind forest cover expansions in the farming‐pastoral ecotone in northern China, on the Loess Plateau and in the southwest karst region, whereas climate change promoted vegetation cover in most parts of southeastern China. At the same time, the increasing trend in NPP (22.4–24.9 TgC/yr2) during 2001–2018 was highly attributed to human activities (71%–81%), particularly in southern, eastern, and northeastern China. Both GPP and NPP showed accelerated increases after 2010 because the anthropogenic NPP gains during 2001–2010 were generally offset by the climate‐induced NPP losses in southern China. However, after 2010, the climatic influence reversed, thus highlighting the vegetation carbon sequestration that occurs with ecological restoration.
Financial crisis and slow recovery with Bayesian learning agents
Authors: Horii Ryo , Ono Yoshiyasu
Published: August 2021

In a simple continuous‐time model where the learning process affects the willingness to hold liquidity, we provide an intuitive explanation of business cycle asymmetry and postcrisis slow recovery. When observing a liquidity shock, individuals rationally increase their subjective probability of re‐encountering it. It leads to an upward jump in liquidity preference and a discrete fall in consumption. Conversely, as a period without shocks continues, they gradually decrease the subjective probability, reduce liquidity preference, and increase consumption. The recovery process is particularly slow after many shocks are observed within a short period because people do not easily change their pessimistic view.
CRISPR/Cas9‐based functional characterization of the pigmentation gene ebony in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Xu X. , Harvey‐Samuel T. , Yang J. , You M. , Alphey L.
Published: August 2021

Body pigmentation is an important character of insects in adapting to biotic and abiotic environmental challenges. Additionally, based on the relative ease of screening, several genes involved in insect melanization have been used in classic genetic studies or as visual markers in constructing transgenic insects. Here, a homologue of the Bombyx mori melanization‐inhibiting gene ebony, associated with the conversion of dopamine to N‐β‐alanyl dopamine, was identified in a global pest, Plutella xylostella. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was applied to generate multiple Pxebony knockout alleles which were crossed to produce a Pxebony knockout strain, showing darker pigmentation in larvae, pupae and adults, compared with wildtype. Interestingly, we observed that Pxebony heterozygotes displayed an intermediate darkened phenotype, indicating partial dominance between the knockout and wildtype alleles. The fitness costs of Pxebony deficiency were also assessed in the mutant strain, indicating that embryo hatchability and larval survival were significantly reduced, while the eclosion rate was not obviously affected. Our work provides a potential target for exploring CRISPR‐based genetics‐control systems in this economically important pest lepidopteran.
Novel fabrication of antibiotic containing multifunctional silk fibroin injectable hydrogel dressing to enhance bactericidal action and wound healing efficiency on burn wound: In vitro and in vivo evaluations
Authors: Dong Meiping , Mao Yi , Zhao Zhiwei , Zhang Jinbo , Zhu Lipeng , Chen Linlu , Cao Liexiang
Published: August 2021

The development of biologically active multifunctional hydrogel wound dressings can assist effectively to wound regeneration and also has influenced multiple functions on wound injury. Herein, we designed a carbon‐based composited injectable silk fibroin hydrogel as multifunctional wound dressing to provide effective anti‐bacterial, cell compatibility and in vivo wound closure actions. Importantly, the fabricated injectable hydrogel exhibit sustained drug delivery properties, anti‐oxidant and self‐healing abilities, which confirm that composition of hydrogel is highly beneficial to tissue adhesions and burn wound regeneration ability. Frequently, designed injectable hydrogel can be injected into deep and irregular burn wound sites and would provide rapid self‐healing and protection from infection environment with thoroughly filled wound area. Meanwhile, incorporated carbon nanofillers improve injectable hydrogel strength and also offer high fluid uptake to hydrogel when applied on the wound sites. In vitro MTT cytotoxicity assay on human fibroblast cell lines establish outstanding cytocompatibility of the injectable hydrogel and also have capability to support cell growth and proliferations. In vivo burn wound animal model results demonstrate that the hydrogel dressings predominantly influenced enhanced wound contraction and also promoted greater collagen deposition, granulation tissue thickness and vascularization. This investigation's outcome could open a new pathway to fabricate multifunctional biopolymeric hydrogel for quicker burn wound therapy and effectively prevents microenvironment bacterial infections.
The responses of lateral roots and root hairs to nitrogen stress in cotton based on daily root measurements
Authors: Zhu Lingxiao , Liu Liantao , Sun Hongchun , Zhang Yongjiang , Liu Xiuwei , Wang Nan , Chen Jing , Zhang Ke , Bai Zhiying , Wang Guiyan , Tian Liwen , Li Cundong
Published: August 2021

Lateral roots and root hairs are essential portions of cotton roots. However, the morphology and lifespan of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lateral roots and root hairs in response to nitrogen stress have remained unknown. Two cotton cultivars were assessed when no nitrogen and normal nitrogen (138 mg N·kg−1 soil) were added. The daily acquisitions of root phenotype information including the lateral root angle, lateral root density, lateral root diameter, lateral root lifespan, root hair length, root hair density, and root hair lifespan, were obtained in situ by a self‐designed platform of RhizoPots equipped with high‐resolution scanners. Nitrogen starvation significantly reduced the growth of shoots and roots, although there was less reduction of roots than shoots. Root hairs were the first organ to respond to nitrogen deficiency through morphological changes. The lateral root diameter and angle as well as the root hair lifespan decreased significantly under nitrogen stress. However, nitrogen deficiency dramatically increased the lateral root lifespan, root hair density and length. Our results demonstrate that low nitrogen can induce notable changes in lateral roots and root hairs, which may play a crucial role in the adjustment to nitrogen uptake, particularly in species that can adapt to low nitrogen availability.
The association between weight gain at different stages of pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chuang Ya‐Chun , Huang Lulu , Lee Wan‐Ying , Shaw Steven W. , Chu Fu‐Ling , Hung Tai‐Ho
Published: August 2021

Aims/Introduction

Women with excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are at a higher risk for complications during pregnancy, such as preeclampsia. However, the association between excessive GWG and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 8,352 women from our obstetric database with singleton pregnancies who gave birth after 28 completed weeks of gestation between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016, excluding pregnancies complicated by fetal anomalies, fetal death, and overt diabetes. Diagnosis of GDM was based on the criteria recommended by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. We used two classification methods to define excessive GWG: a weight gain above the 90th percentile of the population, or exceeding the upper range recommended by the Institute of Medicine, stratified by pre‐pregnancy body mass index. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression to determine the association between excessive GWG and the risk of GDM.

Results

Overall, 1,129 women (13.5%) were diagnosed with GDM. There was no difference in GWG between women with and without GDM in the first trimester and before GDM screening. Women with GDM had significantly less GWG in the second trimester, after GDM screening, and throughout the whole gestation than women without GDM. No correlation was found between excessive GWG in the first and second trimesters, before GDM screening, and the later development of GDM.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that excessive GWG prior to GDM screening is not associated with an increased risk of GDM.
Fluctuating selection driven by global and local climatic conditions leads to stasis in breeding time in a migratory bird
Authors: Le Vaillant Justine , Potti Jaime , Camacho Carlos , Canal David , Martínez‐Padilla Jesús
Published: August 2021

The origin of natural selection is linked to environmental heterogeneity, which influences variation in relative fitness among phenotypes. However, individuals in wild populations are exposed to a plethora of biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Surprisingly, the relative influence of multiple environmental conditions on the relative fitness of phenotypes has rarely been tested in wild populations. Identifying the main selection agent(s) is crucial when the target phenotype is tightly linked to reproduction and when temporal variation in selection is expected to affect evolutionary responses. By using individual‐based data from a 29‐year study of a short‐lived migratory songbird, the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), we studied the relative influence of 28 temperature‐ and precipitation‐based factors at local and global scales on selection on breeding time (egg laying) at the phenotypic level. Selection, estimated using the number of recruits as a proxy for fitness, penalized late breeders. Minimum temperatures in April and May were the environmental drivers that best explained selection on laying date. In particular, there was negative directional selection on laying date mediated by minimum temperature in April, being strongest in cold years. In addition, nonlinear selection on laying date was influenced by minimum temperatures in May, with selection on laying date changing from null to negative as the breeding season progressed. The intensity of selection on late breeders increased when minimum temperatures in May were highest. Our results illustrate the complex influence of environmental factors on selection on laying date in wild bird populations. Despite minimum temperature in April being the only variable that changed over time, its increase did not induce a shift in laying date in the population. In this songbird population, stabilizing selection has led to a three‐decade stasis in breeding time. We suggest that variation in the effects of multiple climatic variables on selection may constrain phenotypic change.
Combination therapy of recalcitrant severe psoriasis with psoriatic arthritis, diabetes nephropathy, and liver cirrhosis
Authors: Zimmer Sebastian , Goldust Mohamad , Bhargava Shashank , Wegner Joanna , Grabbe Stephan , Staubach‐Renz Petra
Published: August 2021

Objective

Treatment of recalcitrant moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis can be challenging. Combination therapy of biologics and immunosuppressive agents can be a new strategy for treating therapy‐resistant cases with comorbidities, where many systemic medications are contraindicated.

Case presentation

We report a case of a 62‐year‐old diabetic man with a 30‐year history of severe plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with cirrhosis and diabetic nephropathy that was treated successfully in combination with apremilast and etanercept after multiple previous unsuccessful treatment attempts.

Conclusion

There are no data supporting the combination of apremilast and etanercept in the management of recalcitrant cases of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis and multiple comorbidities including psoriatic arthritis, diabetic nephropathy, and cirrhosis. In patients who do not respond to multiple approaches for the treatment of psoriasis, combination therapy with biologic agents and new systemic medications may lead to dramatic disease control.
Protection of hair from damage induced by ultraviolet irradiation using tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts
Authors: Davis Stephanie L. , Marsh Jennifer M. , Kelly Casey P. , Li Lijuan , Tansky Cheryl S. , Fang Rui , Simmonds Monique S. J.
Published: August 2021

Background

Damage to hair by UV is relevant to most people, and for many, it is a major source of hair damage. Prevention of UV damage is of high interest to cosmetic companies.

Objectives

Describe UV damage mechanisms and link these mechanisms to measurable changes in hair protein composition and color changes resulting from breakdown of yellow‐colored kynurenines. Test the power of botanical antioxidants, specifically Camellia sinensis (tea) extracts to prevent this protein damage and color change. Link specific phytochemistry of extract samples to hair performance.

Methods

Camellia sinensis (tea) extracts were analyzed by LC‐MS to identify the key composition chemistries. ORAC (Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity) was used to measure ability of the extract to react with a peroxyl radical via a hydrogen abstraction mechanism. Hair protein structural damage was measured by quantification of a biomarker peptide that is specific to UV‐induced damage and hair color changes were measured with a spectrophotometer.

Results

Levels of key phytochemistry in the extracts, specifically the catechins, correlated with prevention of UV‐induced protein damage and prevention of color changes due to kynurenine breakdown. Extracts with higher phytochemistry levels also had higher ORAC scores indicating that they were more effective antioxidants.

Conclusions

Camellia sinensis (tea) extracts can be used as effective protective treatments for hair protection but this efficacy is linked to extract concentrations of key chemistries (catechins).
Clinical analysis of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection after minimally invasive plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery
Authors: E Yang , Hengshu Zhang
Published: August 2021

Objective

To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections after minimally invasive plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery, and to provide reference data for the management of affected patients.

Method

We retrospectively analyzed 12 cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection after minimally invasive plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery in our department from January 2014 to December 2020. The case data included baseline characteristics, morbidity, chronology of patient symptoms, diagnostic results, and treatment outcomes. Disease characteristics were summarized and objectively analyzed.

Results

The 12 patients infected with nontuberculous mycobacteria after plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery received small incision or minimally invasive surgery. The onset time was 5–30 days after surgery, the clinical manifestations were non‐specific, and ordinary antibiotics are ineffective.

Conclusions

Small incisions or minimally invasive plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery have hidden dangers of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, and the detection and diagnosis are difficult, and the treatment time is long, which requires attention.
Repigmentation of nipple‐areola complex after ReCell® treatment on breast vitiligo
Authors: Yu Nanze , Liu Runzhu , Yu Panxi , Dong Ruijia , Chen Cheng , Zeng Ang , Long Fei , Xia Zenan , Ma Ping , Tao Yong , Liu Zhifei
Published: August 2021

Background

Nipple‐areola complex is a naturally hyperpigmented skin area which can be involved in vitiligo. But limited study focused on the treatment of nipple‐areola complex vitiligo, and few methods were proven to be effective. In this study, we aimed to explore the feasibility and efficacy of ReCell® on vitiligo in the nipple‐areola complex area.

Methods

Medical records of patients with vitiligo involving nipple‐areola complex and underwent ReCell® treatment from October 2016 to April 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The repigmentation rate of the nipple‐areola complex and other breast area were calculated under the Wood's light at each follow‐up. The grade of repigmentation and patient‐reported satisfaction rate were also evaluated to prove the effect of ReCell® on vitiligo of breast and especially in the nipple‐areola complex area.

Results

A total of 18 patients were included in this study. No surgical complications were reported. The mean postoperative repigmentation rate in the nipple‐areola complex area (3rd‐month, 78.7 ± 5.8%; 6th‐month, 87.6 ± 5.1%; and 12th‐month, 96.1 ± 3.5%) was significantly higher than that in the other breast treatment area (3rd‐month, 70.4 ± 6.9%; 6th‐month, 84.2 ± 5.7%, and 12th‐month, 93.2 ± 3.6%). All patients showed good or excellent grades at the last follow‐up, and 94.4% of them considered the overall treatment results satisfactory.

Conclusions

ReCell® is a feasible and efficient treatment strategy in the nipple‐areola complex vitiligo.
Five sources of bias in natural language processing
Authors: Hovy Dirk , Prabhumoye Shrimai
Published: August 2021

Recently, there has been an increased interest in demographically grounded bias in natural language processing (NLP) applications. Much of the recent work has focused on describing bias and providing an overview of bias in a larger context. Here, we provide a simple, actionable summary of this recent work. We outline five sources where bias can occur in NLP systems: (1) the data, (2) the annotation process, (3) the input representations, (4) the models, and finally (5) the research design (or how we conceptualize our research). We explore each of the bias sources in detail in this article, including examples and links to related work, as well as potential counter‐measures.
Metabolic decisions in development and disease—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Pourquié Olivier , Wellen Kathryn E. , Finley Lydia W. S. , Aulehla Alexander , Gould Alex P. , Teleman Aurelio , Tu William B. , Garrett Wendy Sarah , Miguel‐Aliaga Irene , Perrimon Norbert , Hooper Lora V. , Walhout A. J. Marian , Wei Wei , Alexandrov Theodore , Erez Ayelet , Ralser Markus , Rabinowitz Joshua D. , Hemalatha Anupama , Gutiérrez‐Pérez Paula , Chandel Navdeep S. , Rutter Jared , Locasale Jason W. , Landoni Juan C. , Christofk Heather
Published: August 2021

There is an increasing appreciation for the role of metabolism in cell signaling and cell decision making. Precise metabolic control is essential in development, as evident by the disorders caused by mutations in metabolic enzymes. The metabolic profile of cells is often cell‐type specific, changing as cells differentiate or during tumorigenesis. Recent evidence has shown that changes in metabolism are not merely a consequence of changes in cell state but that metabolites can serve to promote and/or inhibit these changes. Metabolites can link metabolic pathways with cell signaling pathways via several mechanisms, for example, by serving as substrates for protein post‐translational modifications, by affecting enzyme activity via allosteric mechanisms, or by altering epigenetic markers. Unraveling the complex interactions governing metabolism, gene expression, and protein activity that ultimately govern a cell's fate will require new tools and interactions across disciplines. On March 24 and 25, 2021, experts in cell metabolism, developmental biology, and human disease met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium, “Metabolic Decisions in Development and Disease.” The discussions explored how metabolites impact cellular and developmental decisions in a diverse range of model systems used to investigate normal development, developmental disorders, dietary effects, and cancer‐mediated changes in metabolism.
Within‐person effects of inclusion and exclusion on well‐being in daily life
Authors: Bernstein Michael J. , Neubauer Andreas B. , Benfield Jacob A. , Potter Lindsey , Smyth Joshua M.
Published: August 2021

Whether exclusion hurts or inclusion feels good is debated within social psychology, and research designs often compare people who are excluded from those who are included. Here, we examined how participants differ when they are excluded or included relative to when they are not engaging in social interactions. Participants completed an ecological momentary assessment study (7 days, six measures a day). Participants indicated if they were having a social interaction, whether the interaction was inclusionary or exclusionary, and their mood and basic needs. We found that when people were excluded, relative to no interaction, they had lower basic needs and worsened mood; the reverse was true during inclusion episodes. We also found that the within‐person effect of exclusion was larger than the within‐person effect of inclusion and that exclusion experiences were relatively uncommon (≈10% of all reported social interactions). Future research and the importance of examining within‐person effects are discussed.
The Impact of Cold Sea-surface Temperatures upon Amazon Basin Rainfall during the northern winter
Authors: Buchmann Julio , Paegle Jan
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Norito e charnoenderbitos da borda do maciço intrusivo de Venda Nova, Espírito Santo
Authors: Mendes Julio Cezar , Wiedemann Cristina Maria , McReath Ian
Published: August 2021

An irregular and narrow ring of charnoenderbites and norite envelopes gabbros and syenomonzonites in the Venda Nova inversely zoned pluton, Espírito Santo. The former have an almost massive structure, with foliation only locally well marked. The norite is a fine-grained cumulatic rock with granular hypidiomorphic to intergranular texture. The medium-grained charnoenderbites comprise enderbites, Opx-quartzdiorites and Opx-granodiorites. They are leucocratic to mesocratic with granular hypidiomorphic to porphyritic texture. Ortho and clinopyroxene are present in the both lithotypes. Subsolidus textures occur in the norite and charnoenderbites. The whole rock chemistry separates two different sequences: a basic one, with tholeiitic affinities, correspond to the noritic cumulate, and an intermediary one, medium-K calc-alkaline, comprising the charnoenderbites. They show clearly different chemical signature when compared to the alkalic affinity rocks of the inner domain of the pluton. Both the sequences have similar geochemical characteristics: they are metaluminous, Ca, Fe and Al enriched, and have low to moderate incompatible elements contents. Normal to depleted mantle protolith is inferred for both sequences, and garnet probably was a residual phase during the mantle partial melting.
Proposta de zoneamento ambiental da Baía de Guanabara
Authors: Egler Claudio Antônio G. , Cruz Carla Bernadete Madureira , Madsen Paulo Frederico Hald , Costa Samir De Menezes , Silva Evânia Alves da
Published: August 2021

The paper presents a proposition for the Guanabara Bay Environmental Zoning , which aims to contribute for its sustainable management. The methodology was developed in three analytical scales: a strategical conception of human settlement, a logistic vision of fluviomarine dynamics and a tactic proposition of institutional intervention.
Subregional Process Method With Variable Parameters Based on a Potential Field in Slow Tool Servo Machining for a Complex Curved Surface
Authors: Ma Jian-Wei , Lu Xiao , Jia Zhen-Yuan , Li Guan-Lin , Ye Tao , Liu Wei
Published: August 2021

Precision turning with slow tool servo (STS) plays an increasingly important role in advanced manufacturing nowadays. However, it is difficult to promote machining quality for surfaces with local complex geometric features by the conventional global machining method. Hence, a subregional processing method in STS is proposed. First, the continuous equipotential line is taken to express the local geometric feature. Thus, a potential field is built, where the surface could be divided into subregions. Then, a subregional toolpath with variable feed rates is generated by the field and stitched to ensure the feeding motion stability of X-axis. Finally, the surface is subdivided for variable spindle speed planning, considering the feeding motion stability of Z-axis. It is found that the profile arithmetic average error reduces by 31.58% with the proposed method compared with that with the conventional method and the machining time is shortened by 41.00%. Thus, it is proved that the new processing method effectively promotes machining quality and efficiency.
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals a critical role of novel pro-inflammatory EndMT in mediating adverse remodeling in coronary artery–on–a–chip
Authors: Zhao Peng , Yao Qingzhou , Zhang Pei-Jian , The Erlinda , Zhai Yufeng , Ao Lihua , Jarrett Michael J. , Dinarello Charles A. , Fullerton David A. , Meng Xianzhong
Published: August 2021

Shear stress induces endothelial transition to pro-inflammatory mesenchymal phenotype in a coronary artery–on–a–chip model.
Identification and architecture of a putative secretion tube across mycobacterial outer envelope
Authors: Cai Xiaoying , Liu Lei , Qiu Chunhong , Wen Chongzheng , He Yao , Cui Yanxiang , Li Siyu , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Longhua , Tian Changlin , Bi Lijun , Zhou Z. Hong , Gong Weimin
Published: August 2021

Structural and in vivo functional analyses reveal a possible protein secretion tube across the mycobacterial outer envelope.
Enhancing the heat tolerance of reef-building corals to future warming
Authors: Howells Emily J. , Abrego David , Liew Yi Jin , Burt John A. , Meyer Eli , Aranda Manuel
Published: August 2021

Selective breeding increases the resilience of reef-building corals to climate warming.
X-ray free-electron laser studies reveal correlated motion during isopenicillin
N
synthase catalysis
Authors: Rabe Patrick , Kamps Jos J. A. G. , Sutherlin Kyle D. , Linyard James D. S. , Aller Pierre , Pham Cindy C. , Makita Hiroki , Clifton Ian , McDonough Michael A. , Leissing Thomas M. , Shutin Denis , Lang Pauline A. , Butryn Agata , Brem Jürgen , Gul Sheraz , Fuller Franklin D. , Kim In-Sik , Cheah Mun Hon , Fransson Thomas , Bhowmick Asmit , Young Iris D. , O’Riordan Lee , Brewster Aaron S. , Pettinati Ilaria , Doyle Margaret , Joti Yasumasa , Owada Shigeki , Tono Kensuke , Batyuk Alexander , Hunter Mark S. , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Bergmann Uwe , Owen Robin L. , Sauter Nicholas K. , Claridge Timothy D. W. , Robinson Carol V. , Yachandra Vittal K. , Yano Junko , Kern Jan F. , Orville Allen M. , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: August 2021

Complementary XFEL methods reveal O
2
reaction intermediates and global protein dynamics during Isopenicillin
N
synthase catalysis.
A dual-phase alloy with ultrahigh strength-ductility synergy over a wide temperature range
Authors: Nutor Raymond Kwesi , Cao Qingping , Wei Ran , Su Qingmei , Du Gaohui , Wang Xiaodong , Li Fushan , Zhang Dongxian , Jiang Jian-Zhong
Published: August 2021

We present a precipitation-strengthening strategy to produce a strong and ductile alloy at a broad range of temperatures.
The Indian Ocean, its supra-subduction history, and implications for ophiolites
Authors: Moores* Eldridge M. , Simmons Nathan , Basu Asish R. , Gregory Robert T.
Published: August 2021

Ophiolite complexes represent fragments of ocean crust and mantle formed at spreading centers and emplaced on land. The setting of their origin, whether at mid-ocean ridges, back-arc basins, or forearc basins has been debated. Geochemical classification of many ophiolite extrusive rocks reflect an approach interpreting their tectonic environment as the same as rocks with similar compositions formed in various modern oceanic settings. This approach has pointed to the formation of many ophiolitic extrusive rocks in a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) environment. Paradoxically, structural and stratigraphic evidence suggests that many apparent SSZ-produced ophiolite complexes are more consistent with mid-ocean ridge settings. Compositions of lavas in the southeastern Indian Ocean resemble those of modern SSZ environments and SSZ ophiolites, although Indian Ocean lavas clearly formed in a mid-ocean ridge setting. These facts suggest that an interpretation of the tectonic environment of ophiolite formation based solely on their geochemistry may be unwarranted.

New seismic images revealing extensive Mesozoic subduction zones beneath the southern Indian Ocean provide one mechanism to explain this apparent paradox. Cenozoic mid-ocean-ridge–derived ocean floor throughout the southern Indian Ocean apparently formed above former sites of subduction. Compositional remnants of previously subducted mantle in the upper mantle were involved in generation of mid-ocean ridge lavas. The concept of historical contingency may help resolve the ambiguity on understanding the environment of origin of ophiolites. Many ophiolites with “SSZ” compositions may have formed in a mid-ocean ridge setting such as the southeastern Indian Ocean.