bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptação transcultural de escalas de discriminação e vigilância no ELSA-Brasil
Authors: Griep Rosane Harter , Oliveira Fernanda Esthefane Garrides , Aguiar Odaleia Barbosa de , Moreno Arlinda B. , Alves Márcia Guimarães de Mello , Patrão Ana Luisa , Fonseca Maria de Jesus Mendes da , Chor Dóra
Published: December 2022

OBJETIVO: Descrever o processo de adaptação transcultural para o uso no Brasil das escalas de discriminação no dia a dia (EDD) e vigilância intensificada (EVI), aplicadas no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas análises das equivalências conceitual, de itens e semântica conduzidas por um grupo de quatro epidemiologistas; avaliação da equivalência de mensuração (análise fatorial das estruturas configural, métrica e escalares, segundo características sociodemográficas) e a confiabilidade. Responderam à escala de escala de discriminação 11.987 participantes e uma subamostra de 260 pessoas participaram do estudo teste-reteste. No caso da EVI, 8.916 pessoas responderam e 149 indivíduos no estudo teste-reteste. RESULTADOS: As escalas apresentaram equivalências conceitual, de itens e semântica pertinentes no contexto brasileiro, além de adequada correspondência de significado referencial/denotativa de termos e também da geral/conotativa dos itens. A análise fatorial confirmatória da EDD revelou estrutura unidimensional, com correlações residuais entre dois pares de itens, apresentando invariância configural e métrica entre os quatro subgrupos avaliados. Identificou-se invariância escalar segundo sexo e faixa etária, mas não foi observada para recortes de raça/cor e escolaridade. A vigilância intensificada apresentou cargas baixas e resíduos altos, com indicadores de ajuste inadequados. Para os itens da escala de discriminação o coeficiente de concordância kappa ponderado (Kp) variou de 0,44 a 0,78, e o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI) foi 0,87. Para os itens da EVI, o Kp variou de 0,47 a 0,59 e o CCI foi 0,83. CONCLUSÕES: Embora haja itens correlacionados, concluiu-se que a EDD é uma escala promissora para avaliar experiências de discriminação percebidas no cotidiano brasileiro. Entretanto, a escala de vigilância intensificada não apresentou equivalência de mensuração no formato atual.
Instrumentos para avaliar a adesão medicamentosa em pessoas vivendo com HIV: uma revisão de escopo
Authors: Santos André Pereira dos , Cordeiro Jéssica Fernanda Corrêa , Fracarolli Isabela Fernanda Larios , Gomide Euripedes Barsanulfo Gonçalves , Andrade Denise de
Published: December 2022

OBJETIVO: Compilar os instrumentos validados no Brasil para avaliação da adesão de pessoas vivendo com HIV à terapia antirretroviral. MÉTODOS: Revisão de escopo, utilizando as bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, Medline (via PubMed), Embase, BDENF, CINAHL e Lilacs. Em complementação, os servidores Preprints bioRxiv, Google Scholar e OpenGrey foram verificados. Para a busca, não houve restrição de idioma e considerou artigos publicados a partir do ano de 1996. RESULTADOS: Três publicações foram incluídas na síntese qualitativa. Os instrumentos identificados foram o “Questionário para Avaliação da Adesão ao Tratamento Antirretroviral”, desenvolvido em Porto Alegre (RS) e publicado em 2007; a “Escala de autoeficácia para adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral em crianças e adolescentes com HIV/Aids”, desenvolvida em São Paulo (SP) e publicada em 2008; e o “WebAd-Q, um instrumento de autorrelato para monitorar a adesão à terapia antirretroviral em serviços de HIV/Aids no Brasil”, desenvolvido em São Bernardo do Campo (SP) e publicado em 2018. Os instrumentos foram validados no Brasil e apresentaram valores estatisticamente aceitáveis para as qualidades psicométricas. CONCLUSÃO: Os instrumentos para avaliar a adesão de pessoas vivendo com HIV à terapia antirretroviral são estratégias validadas para o contexto do Brasil. Todavia há que se expandir a (re)utilização em diferentes cenários e contextos da nação. A utilização desses instrumentos por profissionais da saúde pode melhorar a compreensão dos fatores que atuam negativa e positivamente na adesão à terapia antirretroviral, e a proposição de estratégias com o objetivo de consolidar a boa adesão e intervir no tratamento das pessoas com baixo engajamento terapêutico.
Major depressive episode in hospital workers during the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Flesch Betina Daniele , Szortyka Ana Laura Sica Cruzeiro , Carvalho Maitê Peres de , Goularte Laura Moreira , Delpino Felipe Mendes , Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES: To estimate prevalence and factors associated with major depressive episode (MDE), emphasizing occupational aspects, in workers of a public teaching hospital that is a reference for Covid-19 treatment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between October and December 2020, after the first peak of the pandemic, interviewing 1155 workers. The prevalence of MDE was estimated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) algorithm. Multivariate hierarchical analysis was conducted using Poisson regression to assess associated factors. RESULTS: MDE prevalence was 15.3% (95%CI: 13.3–17.5) and was higher among young, white and female workers, those with a family history of depression, resident professionals, nursing professionals, workers who were exposed to three or more situations of moral dilemma, and those who had to put off a physiological need until later. Having a risk factor for Covid-19, being a smoker and being physically inactive were also positively associated with MDE. CONCLUSIONS: The study points to the considerable prevalence of MDE among tertiary health care workers; reviewing work processes is essential to reduce occupational stress and minimize the effects of the pandemic on mental health, preventing those problems from becoming chronic.
Threatened flora of Uttarakhand: an update
Authors: Rawat Dharmendra Singh , Satish Chandra  , Chaturvedi Preeti
Published: December 2022

Encompassing 1.69% land area of India, Uttarakhand State sustains more than 25% species of flowering plants of India reflecting richness of flora.  Large numbers of species in the state are threatened and several sources have come up with their own lists of threatened species using different threat categories leading to ambiguity.  This communication attempts to compile a complete list of threatened Angiosperm species from eleven authentic sources with updated nomenclature, systematic position, original sources, threat assessment, elevational and global distribution.  A total of 290 species belonging to 176 genera, 63 families, and 29 orders are listed which represent about 6% of the total flora.  Elevational distribution of species shows that the 2–3 km elevation zone harbors more than half of the threatened flora (52.14%) and more than 44% endemic species despite the fact that maximum species richness is known in the 1–2 km elevation zone.  Perusal of literature shows that selection of species for micropropagation is skewed towards medicinal plants rather than only threat status of a species.  A disparity exists in two important sources (IUCN Red List 2020–21 and Indian Red Data Book) listing threatened taxa with only six species common to both.  Eight additional species in IUCN Red List 2020–21 and 49 additional species in Indian Red Data Book are not included and vice versa.  267 species listed as threatened in various sources are not even evaluated by recent IUCN Redlist guidelines and thus warrant their immediate assessment to understand their correct present status in nature.
Desert Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) of India
Authors: S.V. Akhil  , Sabu K. Thomas  , Sanjeev Kumar
Published: December 2022

A checklist, distribution pattern and taxonomic keys to the Carabidae fauna of the Thar Desert (Rajasthan) are provided. Seventeen species belonging to five subfamilies (Anthiinae, Brachininae, Carabinae, Harpalinae, and Licininae) were recorded. Eight species of Carabidae are first records from the state of Rajasthan.
First photographic record of Spotted Deer Axis axis (Erxleben, 1777) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Khan Shaheer , Kumar S. Ramesh , Habib Bilal
Published: December 2022

Axis axis also known as Chital, Spotted Deer or Axis Deer, is native to Asia. The Chital ranges over 8–30 0N in India and through Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Chital is listed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species because it possesses a very wide range, however, the population is declining outside protected areas. Although widely distributed, there is no record of Chital from the Great Indian Bustard (GIB) Sanctuary, Maharashtra. Here we report the first photographic record of Chital from the sanctuary, in the Gangewadi region of Solapur District. During a field work exercise for radio collaring of Indian Grey Wolves to monitor movement in the human-dominated landscape of Maharashtra, camera traps were placed in the Gangewadi area of the GIB sanctuary. Over the survey period, the species that were photo-captured included the Indian Grey Wolves, Indian Fox, Jungle Cat, Black Buck, Wild Boar, porcupine, and Black-naped Hare on multiple occasions. The male Spotted Deer was captured at one event in a single camera trap (17.83240N, 76.00430E) on 30 December 2020 at 0517 h. This is the first record of Spotted Deer in the grassland ecosystem of Solapur region in Maharashtra.
New distribution record and DNA barcoding of Sapria himalayana Griff. (Rafflesiaceae), a rare and endangered holoparasitic plant from Mizoram, India
Authors: Laldinfeli Ralte  , Sailo Hmingremhlua , Singh Sagolshem Priyokumar , Khiangte Laldinliana , Singh Y. Tunginba
Published: December 2022

Sapria himalayana Griff. is a rare and endangered holoparasitic plant that prefers a specific host (Tetrastigma sp.). It is one of the lesser-known and poorly understood plants facing threats of extinction owing to human interference in the evergreen forests of Mizoram. The flower is the only visible part of this endophyte and blooms from November to December. The plant was encountered for the first time in the evergreen forest near Rullam village in the Serchhip District of Mizoram, India. In the present study, DNA barcoding was used to identify the plants, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of S. himalayana was amplified and sequenced. The ITS2 sequence could accurately identify up to the species level for this endangered species. The absence of the ribulose-biphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcL) region in the genome supports its holoparasitic nature. Hence, DNA barcoding can help in taxonomic and biodiversity research and aid in selecting taxa for various molecular ecology and population genetics studies. The phylogenetic tree was analyzed using the maximum-likelihood method, and our findings showed that species from different families were clearly discriminated in a phylogenetic tree. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of DNA barcoding using ITS2 region of S. himalayana from Mizoram, India.
Avifaunal diversity in Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Campus, Assam, India
Authors: Rathod Umang , Bhaduri Rupam
Published: December 2022

Indian Institute of Technology - Guwahati (IITG), Assam, is an ecologically rich campus hosting different species of birds, butterflies and mammals. It accommodates several migratory and resident species of birds across different seasons. However, information is scanty on avian diversity with respect to the different habitats of the campus. Therefore, the present study attempts to gain insight into avian diversity with respect to habitat heterogeneity by considering the species presence-absence dataset collected for three years (2017–2020). A multivariate Beta (β) diversity analysis is carried out for the IITG campus constituted of five primary habitats, viz., secondary growth, eco–forest, water bodies, swampy-marshy area, and constructions. Of 152 bird species observed in the IITG campus, the highest number is reported from secondary growth, followed by eco-forest. The multivariate analysis shows that the average β–diversity for the IITG campus is approximately equal to 79%, which is in accordance with another published study. These observations are examined in light of hypotheses and phenomena documented in the literature, such as habitat heterogeneity hypothesis, niche-based hypothesis and anthropogenic impact on habitats. The study also establishes that the IITG is among the educational institutes and campuses that host many migratory bird species. Lastly, based on the outcomes of β–diversity analysis, it is suggested that the conservation effort for avian species in the campus should be directed towards individual habitats uniformly.
Systematics of the enigmatic and narrowly endemic toad genus Bufoides Pillai & Yazdani, 1973: rediscovery of Bufoides kempi (Boulenger, 1919) and expanded description of Bufoides meghalayanus (Yazdani & Chanda, 1971) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) with notes on natural history and distribution
Authors: R.S. Naveen  , S.R. Chandramouli  , Kadam Gautam , S. Babu  , P.V. Karunakaran  , H.N. Kumara  , N. Parthasarathy
Published: December 2022

Bufoides kempi (Boulenger, 1919) known only from the two historical syntype specimens until now was rediscovered after more than a century from near its type locality in the Garo Hills, Meghalaya, northeastern India. Analysis of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene reveals congenericity between B. kempi and B. meghalayanus with an inter-specific genetic divergence of 4.67%. Description of B. kempi is expanded based on the six male and two female specimens collected during this study. We provide the first description of calls for this genus, notes on their breeding biology and larval morphology. Additional specimens of B. meghalayanus collected during this study are described to supplement its characterization.
Mercury in tuna from the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean and health risk assessment
Authors: Di Beneditto Ana Paula Madeira , Pestana Inácio Abreu , Da Costa Igor David , De Almeida Marcelo Gomes , De Oliveira Braulio Cherene Vaz , De Rezende Carlos Eduardo
Published: December 2022

This study analyses the mercury (Hg) concentration in the meat of Thunnus albacares and Thunnus obesus caught from the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean. The objective was to estimate the Hg intake via tuna ingestion and presents the possible health risk assessment. For T. albacares and T. obesus, the median concentration was 212 ng·g-1 and 475.1 ng·g-1 wet weight, respectively. The Hg concentrations were below the maximum tolerable limit established by international and Brazilian regulations for fishery products. The consumption would pose a risk for human populations that ingest more than 80 g·day-1. Regular monitoring of both human consumption rates and Hg levels in fish are recommended.
Corrections to ‘An unusual morph of Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758) from Goa, India (Serpentes: Squamata)’
Authors: Nitin Sawant  , Singh Amrut , Rane Shubham , Naik Sagar , Gawas Mayur
Published: December 2022

We herein submit the response to the comments received on the publication "An unusual morph of Naja naja linnaeus, 1758 from Assonora, Goa, India (Serpentes, Squamata)".
Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: Trends in Event-Free Survival Past Middle Age
Authors: Dellborg Mikael , Giang Kok Wai , Eriksson Peter , Liden Hans , Fedchenko Maria , Ahnfelt Anders , Rosengren Annika , Mandalenakis Zacharias
Published: December 2022

Background:

The survival of children with congenital heart disease has increased substantially over the past decades, with 97% currently reaching adulthood. The total effect of advanced treatment on future mortality and morbidity in adult survivors with congenital heart disease (CHD) is less well described.

Methods:

We used data from the Swedish National Inpatient, Outpatient, and Cause of Death Register to identify patients with CHD who were born between 1950 and 1999 and were alive at 18 years of age. Ten controls identified from the Total Population Register were matched for year of birth and sex and with each patient with CHD. Follow-up was from 1968 and 18 years of age until death or at the end of the study (2017). Survival percentage with 95% CI for all-cause mortality were performed with Kaplan-Meier survival function. Cox proportional hazard regression models with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI were used to estimate the risk of all-cause mortality.

Results:

We included 37 278 patients with adult CHD (ACHD) and 412 799 controls. Mean follow-up was 19.2 years (±13.6). Altogether, 1937 patients with ACHD (5.2%) and 6690 controls (1.6%) died, a death rate of 2.73 per 1000 person-years and 0.84 per 1000 person years, respectively. Mortality was 3.2 times higher (95% CI, 3.0–3.4;
P
<0.001) among patients with ACHD compared with matched controls. Up to the maximum of 50 years of follow-up, >75% of patients with ACHD were still alive. Mortality was highest among patients with conotruncal defects (HR, 10.13 [95% CI, 8.78–11.69]), but also significantly higher for the more benign lesions, with the lowest risk in patients with atrial septal defects (HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.19–1.55]). At least 75% of patients with ACHD alive at 18 years of age lived past middle age and became sexagenerians.

Conclusions:

In this large, nationwide, register-based cohort study of patients with ACHD surviving to 18 years of age, the risk of mortality up to 68 years of age was >3 times higher compared with matched controls without ACHD. Despite this, at least 75% of patients with CHD alive at 18 years of age lived past middle age and became sexagenerians. A notable risk decline in the mortality for patients with ACHD was seen for those born after 1975.
DOES BETTER INCOME DISTRIBUTION REDUCE INFANT MORTALITY? THE CASE OF TURKEY
Authors: ODABAŞI Suzan
Published: December 2022

While the linkage between economic conditions and health indicators is largely discussed previously, much less is known about how income inequality affects the infant mortality rates (IMR) in Turkey. Using a city-level data from 2014 to 2019 estimates the impact of income inequality and socio-economic factors on infant mortality rates. To identify what factors are associated with the IMRs, the ordered probit, the random effect, and the fixed effect approaches are used. An endogeneity problem between the IMRs and independent variables which are related to medical factors is predicted. To tackle down the endogeneity problem, an instrumental variable approach is used. The estimation results show that income inequality is an important factor which has impact on infant mortalities. The results confirm that there is an inverse association between health service availability and infant mortality rates.
INTERNAL STABILITY AND PARETO OPTIMALITY IN HEDONIC COALITION FORMATION GAMES
Authors: KARAKAYA Mehmet , ÖZBİLEN Seçkin
Published: December 2022

We study hedonic coalition formation games that consist of a finite set of agents and a list of agents’ preferences such that each agent’s preferences depend only on the members of her coalition. An outcome of a hedonic coalition formation game is a partition (i.e., coalition structure) of the finite set of agents. We study the existence of partitions that are both internally stable and Pareto optimal. We construct an algorithm that terminates for each given hedonic coalition formation game such that the outcome of the algorithm is internally stable and Pareto optimal. We also show that if the outcome of the algorithm is the partition that consists of singleton coalitions then it is also core stable and if it is the partition that contains only the grand coalition then it is also both core stable and Nash stable.
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP AND AFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: THE MEDIATİNG ROLE OF WORK ENGAGEMENT
Authors: TUFAN Cenk
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of charismatic leadership on affective organizational commitment of employees in accommodation establishments and to measure the mediating effect of work engagement in this relationship. A questionnaire was conducted to collect data. Questionnaires were conveyed via e-mail, and 481 applicable questionnaires were gathered. Using the AMOS program, the research hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling (SEM). As a result of the analysis, it was found that the charismatic leadership style of the managers has a positive and significant effect on the affective organizational commitment of employees; and work engagement has a mediating effect on the relationship between charismatic leadership and affective organizational commitment. No study has been found in the literature investigating the mediating effect of work engagement on the relationship between charismatic leadership and affective organizational commitment.
A Scroll Divided?
Authors: Johnson Michael B.
Published: December 2022

When the Dead Sea scroll 1QHodayota, containing a collection of thanksgiving psalms from Qumran, was acquired by Eleazar L. Sukenik in 1947, he received it in two separate bundles of folded and wadded material. In this article, I explore whether the material from these two bundles belongs to the same scroll or to two separate scrolls as Jean Carmignac and Angela Kim Harkins have proposed. While it is generally recognized that the folded bundle contained cols. 9–20, it is disputed whether cols. 1–8 were found with cols. 21–28 in the wadded bundle. I examine early photographs and accounts of the discovery, acquisition, and opening of 1QHa to establish what material came from the wadded bundle and whether there is evidence that the bundles belonged to the same scroll. I also discuss different scenarios for how the folded and wadded bundles of 1QHa might have been formed and which of them offers the most plausible explanation for the state of the material evidence.
The Integration of Yemen into the Ottoman Bureaucratic and Central Judicial System (1872–1918)
Authors: Bostan-Berber Hümeyra
Published: December 2022

This article deals with the institutionalisation and bureaucratisation of the judicial system in the Ottoman province of Yemen in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. During this period, the Ottoman central government gradually transformed and reorganised its judiciary, restricting the purview of the traditional şer‘iyye courts and increasing that of its new nizamiye courts. However, when the state attempted to incorporate its newly conquered province of Yemen into this new judicial system, it soon encountered problems. After abandoning the nizamiye courts, the government authorised the administrative councils and şer‘iyye courts to implement nizami law. I argue that the flexibility of Ottoman practices facilitated the gradual transformation of the legal system in Yemen, resulting in the re-establishment of the nizamiye courts with the agreement of local leaders. I also demonstrate that despite its efforts to centralise, the Ottoman state did not impose uniform policies and practices during the nineteenth century.
Ḥanafī Approaches to Copyright
Authors: Lowe Julie
Published: December 2022

Academic articles on Islamic law and intellectual property often mention that the Ḥanafī legal tradition is the only school that does not protect intellectual property. By examining Ḥanafī legal manuals and fatwās by contemporary Ḥanafī jurists, I argue that variant interpretations of Ḥanafī doctrine can result in a finding of compatibility or incompatibility between Ḥanafī law and copyright. Interpretations that recognize copyright protect Ḥanafīs from tension between state laws on intellectual property and religious practice. Whereas some Ḥanafī jurists hold that Ḥanafī law is fully compatible with copyright, others place restrictions on copyright or reject copyright entirely. Ḥanafī legal manuals grant some protection to intangible notions such as honour, confidentiality and sanctity. One interpretation of property rules accommodates intellectual property rights. The principles of public interest (ḥuqūq Allāh) and private rights (ḥuqūq al-ʿibād) may provide jurists who accept intellectual property with a means to better theorize aspects of copyright.
δι’ ἀγορᾶς or Διαγόρας? On Aristophanes, Frogs 320
Authors: Henry John
Published: December 2022

Recent commentators of Aristophanes’ Frogs have argued that there is a deliberate indeterminacy in his text when he wrote ΔΙΑΓΟΡΑΣ at line 320. It has been argued that the two readings of these letters in antiquity—δι’ ἀγορᾶς (‘through the Agora’) and Διαγόρας (the Melian poet)—were both intended by Aristophanes as a purposeful textual ambiguity for the actor to freely choose between in performance. But this article will argue that this agnosticism is ultimately misguided, and only the ‘Diagoras’ reading is viable in terms of syntax and historical context.
A Functional Grammar Approach to Ancient Greek Syntax
Authors: George Coulter H.
Published: December 2022

This article reviews the Sintaxis del griego antiguo, a two-volume syntax of Ancient Greek drawing largely on the Functional Grammar approach. Accordingly, constructions are organized more by their synchronic function than by their diachronic origin, and considerable attention is paid to the wider context in which linguistic examples appear.
Apes Unlike Us: Human-Ingroup Protection Against Encroaching Simianity in UK Newspapers
Authors: Bryson Kathleen
Published: December 2022

We often pigeonhole our surroundings into dualistic categories. This capacity to function as reductionists may help us problem-solve when pressed in terms of survival or reproduction. Alternatively, binary categories may be reflective of certain socioecological conditions, and thus social constructs. This study explores classifications of nonhuman primate taxonomy via the coding of human–primate boundary categorizations during 16 years of UK newspaper reporting (1995–2010) to explore whether societal concepts of simianity reflect sociopolitical events – in other words, cultural influence resulting in ingroup boundary enforcement, with less inclusionality under more turbulent scenarios. The results indicate that societal shakiness accounts for the minimization of “human” ingroups at the expense of other primates. Human–primate infrahumanization possibly reflects a cognitive adaptation towards outgroup-directed dichotomous thinking in stress states. That said, the fluidity of the results in the context of societal change also suggests cultural influence on categorical dichotomous sets often accepted as “natural.”
Description of Xiphinema pupureum n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae), a new Xiphinema americanum group species detected from the rhizosphere of Ilex purpurea from Japan
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Ye Weimin , Munawar Maria
Published: December 2022

A new species of Xiphinema americanum group was recovered in the rhizosphere of holly (Ilex purpurea) imported from Japan. It is described and illustrated in the present study as X. purpureum n. sp. The new species is characterised by moderately long females 2267 (2115-2550) μm, round lip region slightly offset from the rest of the body, 103.5 (98.5-109.0) μm long odontostyle, genital branches without discernible endosymbiotic bacteria, vulva located at 54.1 (51.6-57.1)% of the body, tail 30 (24.3-33.4) μm long with a broadly rounded terminus, male absent and four juvenile developmental stages. The polytomous codes of the new species are as follows: A4/5, B2/3, C1/2, D2/3, E3, F1, G1, H2, I1/2/3. The new species was molecularly characterised using near full length 18S, ITS1, and 28S D2-D3 regions of rRNA, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences. The phylogenetic analyses placed X. purpureum n. sp. with X. americanum group species, particularly with X. brevicolle complex species. This is the third X. americanum group species described from Japan.
Relationship between suppression of plant defence systems by Meloidogyne javanica with the distance of different parts of the plant from the nematode establishment site
Authors: Behzadian Shiva , Sahebani Navazollah , Karimi Sepehr
Published: December 2022

Suppression of plant defence systems by plant-parasitic nematodes is an important aspect of research on resistance induction in plants. The present work aimed to address the question of whether this suppressive ability by nematodes can be spread systemically and equally to other parts of the plant. The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and the host plant, tomato, was used with salicylic acid (SA) as a potent inducer of the plant defence systems. SA was sprayed on the second and fifth leaves, as near and far from the nematode establishment site, respectively. The results of hydrogen peroxide and phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzyme evaluation in the root (site of nematode establishment), crown, second and fifth leaves showed that, firstly, the amount of defence compounds induced by SA in the leaves was not equal in all parts of the plant and gradually decreased from the aerial parts (treatment site) towards the roots. Furthermore, the synthesis and accumulation of the evaluated compounds in the younger parts of the plant (fifth leaf) was more than the older parts (second leaf), and the crown and root. Although the suppression of the plant defence systems by the nematode was transferred to other parts of the plant, the amount of this suppression gradually decreased in the parts farthest from the site of the nematode establishment. Based on the results, it is inferred that the success of a resistance induction strategy in plant disease management depends on the type of pathogen, type of inducer, place of application of the inducer on the plant and the induction area.
Phasmarhabditis villasmundi sp. n. infecting land gastropods in the Nature Reserve ‘Speleological Complex Villasmundo – S. Alfio’ in Syracuse Province, Sicily
Authors: Ivanova Elena S. , Clausi Mirella , Leone Diego , Spiridonov Sergei E.
Published: December 2022

A new nematode species, Phasmarhabditis villasmundi sp. n., was isolated from land gastropods in the Villasmundo-S. Alfio Nature Reserve in Syracuse Province, Sicily. Phasmarhabditis villasmundi sp. n. is characterised by the presence of males and females in the population and is recognised mainly by a conical female tail with prominent phasmids at its mid-length, spicules ca 82 μm long with a hole at the distal tip, infective juveniles with an average length of 773 μm and the distinct molecular characteristics of the new species. It is the second member of the genus described from Italy apart from P. apuliae Nermut’ et al., 2016 and is morphologically closest to this species. However, phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and D2-D3 LSU placed P. villasmundi sp. n. close to European P. neopapillosa and P. hermaphrodita, while P. apuliae appeared to be related to P. bohemica and the New World’s P. californica.
Insurgent Universality: An Alternative Legacy of Modernity
Authors: Tomba Massimiliano
Published: December 2022

This article intends to summarise the content of my book Insurgent Universality: An Alternative Legacy of Modernity and expand the meaning of the term ‘universality’. Universality is not defined in abstract legal terms or by juxtaposition vis-à-vis a common enemy. Instead, I clarify the meaning of a more concrete and open practice of universality through historical examples and theories that I excavate from social practices.
‘Theses on Economic Policy’: A Document from the Verkhne-Uralsk Political Prison of 1933
Authors: Gusev Alexey V.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis, and introduces the publication, of one of the texts of the documentary complex ‘The Verkhne-Uralsk Political Isolator Notebooks’ – the ‘Theses on Economic Policy’ of 1933. The article (DOI: 10.1163/1569206X-00002252) covers the history of the discovery of this complex of documents reflecting the ideological and political life of imprisoned members of the Opposition of the Bolshevik Leninists (Trotskyists) in the early 1930s, and discusses the context of their creation. On the basis of archival materials, the biography of one of the authors of the Theses – the agricultural economist, and a member of the Siberian opposition centre, F.P. Sasorov – is reconstructed. It is noted that Sasorov held a special position among the Bolshevik Leninists, determined by his economic views. He belonged to the current whose adherents were called ‘neo-Nepists’ by their opponents. This current advocated not just a return to the NEP cancelled by Stalin, but also an expansion of its scope, and this position is presented and argued for in the ‘Theses on Economic Policy’. A comparison of the views of Sasorov and his co-author G.A., stated in the Theses, including on the explanation of the crisis and the liquidation of the NEP, the policy of out-and-out collectivisation and forced industrialisation, with the views of Leon Trotsky, allows us to conclude that the thought of the imprisoned oppositionists developed independently, and not always in accordance with the guidelines of their exiled thought leader. The article also examines the forecasts of the development of the economic and socio-political situation in the USSR presented in the Theses.
Kornelis H. Miskotte’s Biblical ABC s
Authors: Ziegler Philip G.
Published: December 2022

Kornelis H. Miskotte's theology generally, and his Biblical ABC s—an important wartime work newly translated into English—in particular represent a welcome provocation to contemporary Christian theology. This essay assesses the key theological claims at the heart of the work, reflects critically upon their meaning and significance, and then draws them into converation with a number of current trends and trajectories in current theological research and writing. In this way, the significance of the work in its own right as well as its—perhaps surprising—relevance to the present theological discussion is brought to light.
Black Protest as Public Theology
Authors: Harris Antipas L.
Published: December 2022

This study investigates African American protests with particular interest in major movements of the civil rights and hip-hop eras. While scholars argue over the comparisons between the two eras, this work searches for underlining philosophical strands that may locate black protest as intimately cultural-theological. It considers Bourdieu’s habitus as ideological framework to understand philosophical and even more so theological dynamics of black protest. Cultural-theological conclusions inform contemporary protests of their ideological roots in philosophical underpinnings crucial to identity and more rigorous intergenerational effectiveness.
The Business of Publishing in the Early Beirut Nahḍa: Khalīl al-Khūrī, Partnerships, and the Literary Committee
Authors: Edwards Anthony
Published: December 2022

This article examines the business and economics of publishing in the early Beirut Nahḍa. First, the practice of patronage to bring original works to print shows how money facilitated cultural production in the 1850s. Next, a case study of Khalīl al-Khūrī’s (1836–1907) newspaper and press, Ḥadīqat al-Akhbār (“News Garden”, established 1858) and al-Maṭbaʿa al-Sūriyya (“the Syrian Press”, established 1857), reveals the operational challenges and financial difficulties of being a cultural entrepreneur and printing pioneer. Lastly, a comprehensive study of al-ʿUmda al-Adabiyya li-Ishhār al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya (“the Literary Committee for Publishing Arabic Books”, 1860–67), a partnership for which al-Khūrī was the project runner and printer, illustrates the role of crowdfunding and the importance of cooperation among the Beirut middle class. This article presents a realistic account of being “in the business” of publishing in the Arabic literary revival.
A Visual Depiction of Jewish Circumcision at Dura-Europos
Authors: Soon Isaac Tsun-Yeung
Published: December 2022

This short note argues that the Ezekiel cycle on the frescoes of the Dura-Europos synagogue displays the only known ancient image of circumcision on a Jewish body. The cycle, modelled after the vision of dry bones episode in Ezek 37, depicts a body that is circumcised. Although there is only one body that displays circumcision, it is intelligible in the wider visual context of bodily reconfiguration, as separate limbs and heads form full bodies, and as human genitalia develop from small ambiguous appendages to larger distinct features. The presence of circumcision on a resurrected body is coherent with ancient Jewish literature that conceives of circumcision as present on angelic and perfected bodies, even in resurrection (Gen. Rab. 48:8). This visual depiction of a resurrected circumcised man at Dura affirms circumcision as a part of ancient Jewish notions of bodily perfection.
Taking Stock of the Academic Work of Geo Widengren: Some Observations on a Forgotten Classic and an “All-Round Historian of Religion”
Authors: Stausberg Michael
Published: December 2022

In the 1950s and 1960s, the Swedish scholar Geo Widengren (1907–1996) was a towering figure on the international landscape of the history of religions. This essay reads Widengren as a forgotten classic, i.e., an author whose works have ceased to be read by contemporary students and scholars. Widengren considered himself an “all-around historian of religion” – an aim that nowadays, in the context of increased differentiation and specialization that came about with the successful growth of the discipline, has fallen from grace. Widengren emphasized the importance of history (which does not take the present state of affairs as a necessary given), and he advocated the attempt to get beyond value-judgements informed by Christian ideas and Western presumptions of historical supremacy. In a time of ground-breaking discoveries of new sources, Widengren set out to recontextualize the Bible, Judaism, and Christianity in Middle Eastern religious history (in particular Iran). The essay proposes that Widengren’s de-Christianization of the history of religions resonated with societal changes that lastingly challenged the hegemony of Christianity in academia and other public (social and political) institutions. For Widengren, the gold standard of work in the history of religions was the ability to read sources in their original languages. Yet, rather than yielding objective and value-free interpretations, his sort of philology reimposed problematic assumptions and patterns that obscured rather than clarified his readings. Widengren advocated the separation of historical from systematic perspectives, but instead of following Joachim Wach’s early program of systematische Religionswissenschaft for the latter he chose the somewhat misleading label “phenomenology.” Like other phenomenologists and historicists, Widengren repudiated evolutionism – and he was one of the most outspoken critics of this approach in the history of our discipline. He also criticized the comparative method as practiced by evolutionists; yet Widengren was aware of the importance and pitfalls of comparison in the study of religion/s. The essay concludes with some reflections on the importance of scholars’ roles as supervisors, mentors, and members of committees; Widengren assumed the role of paterfamilias in the development of the history of religions in Sweden, but the present generation of Swedish scholars have finally cast off his shadows.
The Typological Phenomenology of Religion – Resurrected: Managing a Legacy from Geo Widengren
Authors: Jensen Jeppe Sinding
Published: December 2022

The recent publication of an anthology edited by Göran Larsson concerning the legacy, life and work of the once renowned Swedish scholar Geo Widengren (1907–1996) motivates an analysis of why the then well-known Phenomenology of Religion fell into disrepute as a comparative field in the study of religion and what may be done to resurrect it. Based on a historical review of the problem, a new and different theoretical and methodological foundation for comparative studies is offered. It proceeds from a set of philosophical anthropological tenets about the basically organizing nature of human belief and behaviour – here called ‘homo ordinans’ – as manifested in language, culture, society, and religion.
“Make Azusa Great Again”
Authors: Grey Jacqueline N.
Published: December 2022

This article explores how some of the historiography of the Azusa Street Mission reflects the rhetoric of American exceptionalism. It first explores American exceptionalism as well as the development of the Azusa Street Mission in the context of global Pentecostalism. Second, some accounts of the Azusa revival are examined to observe the language of exceptionalism in the retelling of this event. Yet, it is not the purpose of this article to diminish the significance of the Azusa Street Mission in the development of global Pentecostalism. Instead, third, the great contribution of Azusa is discussed, namely, the emphasis on the democratization of the Spirit and its corollary of a Spirit-led, nondiscriminatory leadership. While not distinct in this vision in the context of global Pentecostalism, the Azusa Street Mission does function as an important symbol for the current pentecostal community that aspires to function as a post-racist church. Some implications of this for an emerging pentecostal political theology are briefly presented.
Tears of the Olive Trees: Mandatory Palestine, the UK, and Reparations for Colonialism in International Law
Authors: Wilde Ralph
Published: December 2022

The Palestinian people seek a reckoning for the failure of the UK to enable their self- determination during the League of Nations Mandate period and in 1948. The common view of international lawyers is that the law of self-determination only became applicable to colonial peoples in the second half of the 20th Century. Consequently, the UK, and the League Council, had a free hand on the question of the status of the Palestine Mandate. This is mistaken. The special clause of the League Covenant applicable to Palestine, providing for provisional independence, could not be lawfully bypassed. The UK’s failure to comply with this was a violation of international law with ongoing consequences, thereby serving as a basis for contemporary accountability. This case study reveals the existence and potential of legal avenues for colonial reparations rooted in not generally-applicable legal norms but sui generis rules specific to the case at hand.
Reflections on Georges Scelle’s Theory of the Law of dédoublement fonctionnel in the Law of the Sea: Two Models for the Protection of Community Interests
Authors: Tanaka Yoshifumi
Published: December 2022

A tension between two opposing forces, that is, the force of division and that of unity, is increasingly sharpened in the law of the sea today. An essential question that arises is how one can protect community interests in the divided ocean. The law of dédoublement fonctionnel advocated by Georges Scelle provides an insight into this question. According to Scelle’s theory of the law of dédoublement fonctionnel, State organs perform a dual function: the national function of protecting State interests and the public service function of safeguarding community interests. The law of dédoublement fonctionnel seeks to reconcile these functions. Scelle’s harmonistic vision of international law is well worth reconsidering in the law of the sea and beyond. This article examines the relevance of Scelle’s theory in the context of the law of the sea and explores two models for the protection of community interests at sea.
Manichaeology, Early Christianity, and Religious Identity
Authors: de Wet Chris L.
Published: December 2022

This article serves as a response to Johannes van Oort’s creative and erudite analysis of the status quaestionis and constitution of Manichaean studies, most aptly termed, “Manichaeology”. What I aim to achieve with this short study is a reflection and some suggestions on how the study of Manichaeology, in relation to early Christian studies, can assist us in better conceptualizing how we might understand religious identity in Late Antiquity. Several scholars of Manichaeism have made major strides in locating Manichaeism and early Christianity as what we might call proximate discursive formations. These discursive formations constantly overlap, constitute, construct and, indeed, deconstruct elements of shared religious identity in the late ancient world, and their interaction offers us a useful case study for developing a more cautious, nuanced, and considered approach to understanding religious identity during this period.
An Aramaic Ritual for Burning Straw in Sefire IA:36–37
Authors: DeGrado Jessie , Richey Madadh
Published: December 2022

The Old Aramaic inscription Sefire I (KAI 222) includes, in a series of mimetic curses, a debated clause that has been read by most previous scholars to involve a mysterious {gnbʾ} gannābaʾ(?) ‘thief’, which (or who?) is symbolically burned (Sefire IA:36–37). The present article argues that there are lexicographic (cognates in later Aramaic dialects) and phonological (geminate prenasalization) grounds for understanding {gnbʾ} to encode instead ganbaʾ (< *gabbaʾ) ‘straw’. The burning of this straw to symbolize consequences should a treaty partner renege has clear parallels in Mesopotamian and Syro-Anatolian magical and ritual language, including treaty curses, and produces a more typical image in a list of mimetic curses involving materials (wax), objects (a bow and arrow), and animals (a calf).
Remembering Jerusalem
Authors: Pitkin Barbara
Published: December 2022

This article analyzes John Calvin’s 1562–1563 lectures on Lamentations as a case study for exploring the role of biblical exegesis in creating and shaping what scholars such as Judith Pollmann have demonstrated to be early modern memory practices. Lamentations is not one of the better-known books of the Christian canon, and although it was central to Catholic Holy Week liturgies, it appears to have played little to no role in Reformation-era doctrinal and ecclesiastical controversies. In content, Calvin’s eighteen lectures on these five poems of lament are typical of Calvin’s historicizing approach to the Bible. Calvin shows deep appreciation for the events underlying the biblical text (in this case, he argues, the fall of Jerusalem to the Babylonians as a recent calamity) and seeks to relate the biblical past to the conditions of the present. But they can also be considered as a form of memory culture: an effort to engage with a past disaster that not only provides a negative object lesson for the present but, in addition, invites participation in a process of collective memory-making among Calvin’s sixteenth-century Genevan auditors and wider readership.
‘Why Korea Failed?’: The American Discourse of Korea’s Historical Failure at the Turn of the 20th Century
Authors: Oh Sang Mee
Published: December 2022

The discourse of Korea’s failed history has been mostly a production of Japanese colonial scholarship, but the early texts that American authors produced were what guided the Western understanding of Korean history during the long 20th Century. Despite the importance of these texts that left significant imprints on later academic works and policy decisions, scholars have not as yet examined properly the American discourse of failure in Korean history. This article analyzes the representative American books on Korean history of authors William E. Griffis and Homer B. Hulbert to describe the emergence of the American discourse of Korea’s failed history in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. It argues that early American authors of accounts of Korean history wrote them in a specific narrative structure that depicted Korea’s past as a story of gradual decline that ended with failure. These works identify three major themes – isolation, victimization, and dependency – as explanations for why Korea failed. Then, the article examines the doctoral dissertations of Harold J. Noble and George M. McCune to show how this early narrative framework during the 1930s and the 1940s continued thereafter to shape U.S. understanding of Korea even into the 1950s, informing both policymakers and scholars.