bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention and Diagnosis of Infection
Authors: Demola Sara M. , Riall Taylor S
Published: January 2021

Infections are common complications treated in surgical and trauma intensive care units. Identification of infections in surgical patients is rarely incidental; it is sought most often in response to clinical signs. The presence of surgical infectious disease is usually determined clinically and confirmed microbiologically. Precision in terminology is vital; though similar in connotation, infection is not interchangeable with similar terms like sepsis and bacteremia. This chapter describes the signs and symptoms of infection, including the key signs of inflammation, pain, vital sign changes, and confusion. The approach to diagnosing infections is provided and includes an evaluation for the presence of infection, a history and physical examination, and various diagnostic tests, including hematologic and biochemical tests, microbiologic studies, and radiology. The various surgical/trauma infections are described and include the diagnostic approach to specific surgical infection like appendicitis, diverticulitis, and skin and soft tissue infections; postoperative infections referred to as surgical site infections; and nosocomial infections such as urinary tract infection, vascular catheter infection, septic shock, pulmonary infection, and Clostridium difficile infection. Figures show the interrelationships among infection, sepsis, and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and the percentage of critically ill trauma patients with fever or leukocytosis in the first week after admission, and the cardinal signs of localized inflammation. A table shows the fundamental approach to diagnosis of infection. Algorithms include diagnosis of superficial surgical site infection, Diagnosis of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and diagnosis of central line–associated and catheter-related bloodstream infections.
This review contains 8 figures, 4 diagnostic algorithms, 5 tables, and 58 references.
The Future of Transplant Biology and Surgery
Authors: Colaco Marc , Atala Anthony
Published: January 2021

Although allograft organs remain the gold standard for transplantation, the availability of donor organs has forced us to search for alternatives. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering offer a solution for this issue. Through the use of synthetic scaffolds and organic substrates, we have been able to generate neoorgans for a variety of different body systems. Although these neoorgans remain largely in the experimental phase, the results are promising, and recent technological developments have made production a realistic endeavor on the large scale. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine and their application to the future of transplant surgery.
 This review contains 6 figures, 2 tables and 42 references
Key Words: bioengineering, biomaterial, bioreactor, decellularized organs, organ scaffolds, regenerative medicine, stem cell, three-dimensional printing
Human Adult Reproductive System
Authors: Guthrie Patrick , Von Hofe Johanna , Lancaster Rachael B
Published: January 2021

The human reproductive system is a unique combination of organs and endocrine components that is extremely complex and adaptive. The reproductive organs are distinct between males and females, and sexual differentiation is a result of genotype, gonadal type, and phenotype. The anatomic and physiologic system of each sex is composed with a set purpose: to propagate the human species. Linked closely to the reproductive system is the endocrine system, which provides the messengers and feedback mechanisms that allow the development, maintenance, and function of the reproductive organs. The gonads have both endocrine and exocrine functions, namely steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. This review focuses on the components of the endocrine system as well as male and female anatomy and physiology to fully grasp the human reproductive system. 
Key words: fertility, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, reproductive anatomy, sexual aging, sexual physiology
Small Bowel
Authors: Mortellaro Vincent E
Published: January 2021

The small intestine is where multiple cell types combine to achieve the complex interaction between our bodies and ingested material from the outside world. As a highly specialized organ, the small intestine has a role in digestion, absorption of nutrients and electrolytes, and innate immunity to thwart exogenous pathogens and as host to a symbiotic environment where our immune system successfully interacts with a resident microbiome. This review covers the embryology, gross and microscopic anatomy, physiology of nutritional absorption, immune function, and advances in examining new discoveries in the interplay between the host and the resident microbiome.
Key words: duodenum, ileum, jejunum, microbiota, midgut, migrating motor complex, nutritional absorption, villi
Small Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation
Authors: DuBray Bernard J. , Farmer Douglas G.
Published: January 2021

The role of transplantation in the management of intestinal failure continues to evolve. Since the development of parenteral nutrition in the late 1960s, permanent intestinal failure has been medically managed with visceral transplantation, reserved for those who develop life-threatening complications. A multidisciplinary approach to intestinal care has led to the emergence of intestinal rehabilitation programs that have successfully achieved nutritional autonomy for many individuals through the promotion of adaptation. Whereas the short-term results of visceral transplantation have improved dramatically to the level of other solid organs, durable long-term graft survival has been elusive. This review covers intestinal failure, epidemiology, intestinal and multivisceral transplantation, and the future of intestinal and multivisceral transplantation. Figures show the embryonic origin of the multivisceral allograft, en bloc retrieval of the intestinal allograft, preparation for engraftment, vascularization of the isolated intestinal allograft, enteric reconstruction of the intestinal allograft, the liver-intestine allograft, preparation for liver-intestine engraftment, the modified multivisceral graft, arterial reconstruction in modified multivisceral transplantation, vascularization of the modified multivisceral allograft, recipient preparation in modified multivisceral transplantation, intestinal alloreactivity, graft survival among intestinal transplant recipients, patient survival among intestinal transplant recipients, candidates waiting for an intestine transplant, and distribution of candidates waiting for intestinal transplantation. Tables list causes of intestinal failure, predictors of outcome in intestinal failure, failure of total parenteral nutrition therapy as defined by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, histologic grading of acute cellular rejection, and criteria for chronic rejection in visceral allografts.
 
This review contains 16 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 54 references.
Management of Hepatic Metastases From Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Nagorney David M. , Smoot Rory
Published: January 2021

Colon cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. Partial colectomy is beneficial for the majority of these patients; more than 250,000 of these procedures are performed in the United States annually, with colon cancer being the most common indication. Although these procedures are commonly performed, there is considerable associated morbidity and mortality. This review details the indications for surgery, the preoperative planning, and technical considerations for colon cancer surgeries. Figures show the vascular anatomy of the colon, oncologic resections of carcinomas in different locations of the colon, anatomic relations between the colon and the retroperitoneal organs, port positioning for laparoscopic colectomy, right colon mobilization and mesenteric dissection in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, configuration of an end-to-end stapled colorectal anastomosis, laparoscopic left hemicolectomy and sigmoid resection, and approaches to dissection of the splenic flexure. A video shows a laparoscopic right colectomy, and potential complications of colectomy are listed in a table.
This review contains 9 figures, 1 video, 1 table, and 69 references.
The Endocrine System: Adrenal Glands
Authors: Al-Kurd Abbas , Mazeh Haggi
Published: January 2021

The adrenal glands represent an essential component of the endocrine system, and their failure can have catastrophic consequences to several aspects of bodily homeostasis. Each adrenal gland can be divided into two different endocrine components, the cortex and the medulla, each with distinct functions. This in-depth review of normal adrenal embryology, anatomy, and physiology also emphasizes the clinical relevance of various irregularities in adrenal functioning. Every surgeon attempting to manage adrenal diseases is expected to be familiar with the detailed pathophysiology of these conditions because such an understanding is essential for sound preoperative evaluation and perioperative management of this potentially complicated patient group. 
This review contains 4 figures, 1 table, and 70 references.
Key words: adrenal, adrenal glands, adrenal pathophysiology, adrenal physiology, anatomy of adrenal glands, cortex, embryology, endocrine system, medulla
Cardiac System
Authors: Mauchley David C
Published: January 2021

The circulatory system, which consists of the heart, arterial system, venous system, and lymphatics, constitutes a complicated network of vessels and ducts that are responsible for the delivery of oxygenated blood to the body and return of deoxygenated blood to the heart and lungs. The heart is at the center of the circulatory system, and its pumping mechanism provides energy and nutrition to all organs in the body. This review focuses on the anatomy and physiology of the heart and describes anatomic details that are important to the planning of many common cardiac operations.   
This review contains 28 figures, and 25 references.
Key words: aortic root, aortic valve, atrial septum, atrioventricular node, coronary artery, fibrous skeleton of heart, mitral valve, myocardium, pericardium, pulmonic valve, sinoatrial node, tricuspid valve, ventricular septum
The Stomach
Authors: Holcomb Carla N , Corey Britney L
Published: January 2021

This review discusses the anatomy and physiology of the stomach. The embryologic origins of the foregut are described, as well as how malformations in development lead to pathology. Color illustrations are included detailing the stomach and its surrounding attachments. The neurohormonal pathways involved in the mechanics of gastric motility and gastric acid secretion are described in detail. The biochemistry involved in the digestion of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins is explained, and a summary table of gut hormones and their source and function has been provided. Additionally, an update on how the knowledge of hormonal pathways governing appetite is being used in pharmaceuticals and bariatric surgery to treat obesity is included.  
Key words: acid suppression, digestion, foregut, ghrelin, leptin, motility, obesity, stomach, vagus nerve
Transplantation for the General Surgeon: Care of the Transplant Patient
Authors: Nazarian Susanna M , Gupta Meera
Published: January 2021

In this chapter, we review the important clinical aspects of abdominal transplantation relevant to the general surgeon. Whereas only a fraction of readers will go on to specialize in transplantation, most will care for these patients during training. Operative techniques, post-transplantation management, outcomes, and transplantation complications are covered in this chapter. All providers will encounter patients with end-stage organ disease in the course of their careers, and therefore, they must understand the indications for transplantation and considerations for caring for these patients. Likewise, transplant recipients require general surgery procedures, and thus, an appreciation for the unique aspects of caring for this population is essential.

This review contains 11 figures, 1 table, and 57 references. 
Key Words: dialysis, end-organ disease, graft survival, immunosuppression, intestine transplantation, kidney transplantation, liver transplantation, pancreas transplantation, patient survival, United Network of Organ Sharing /Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network
Tumors of the Biliary Tract
Authors: Kim Alex C , Nathan Hari
Published: January 2021

Biliary tract tumors are derived from the underlying intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary epithelium. Molecular analysis of the biliary neoplasms suggests a stepwise tumor progression from benign to malignant lesions. Treatment of these tumors remains complex and requires a careful clinical evaluation. Revisions of staging systems allow for appropriate evaluation of the extent of the malignancy. Refined surgical techniques and advances in adjuvant therapies provide improved treatment options. Despite these efforts, the prognosis remains poor. This chapter discusses several different types of biliary tumors, including the gallbladder carcinoma, and examines the underlying etiologies, clinical presentation, diagnostic studies, staging, treatment, and prognosis. The staging of the malignant lesions is updated to reflect the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s eighth edition system.
This review contains 7 figures, 5 tables, and 77 references.
Key Words: α-fetoprotein, American Joint Committee on Cancer, biliary intraepithelial neoplasia, Bismuth-Corlette, CA19-9, cystadenoma, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct, Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, primary sclerosing cholangitis, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
Understanding Patient Safety in Surgical Care
Authors: Ghaferi Amir
Published: January 2021

This chapter describes the growing knowledge of factors that affect human performance and how these factors contribute to adverse surgical outcomes. Highlights include factors that affect performance, including teamwork, communication, and environmental and organizational factors. Tables and figures include a schematic depiction of the process by which system failures may lead to injury, accepted definitions of patient safety related terms, hand off coordination and communication objectives, and the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model of work system and patient safety.

This review contains 3 figures, 3 tables, and 78 references

Key Words: Patient safety, systems science, medical error, adverse events, systems engineering, teamwork, communication, organizational resilience, high reliability organizations
Improving Patient Safety in Surgical Care
Authors: Ghaferi Amir
Published: January 2021

This chapter outlines current obstacles to improving safety, identifies systems approaches to making improvements, and discusses ways in which surgeons can take the lead in overcoming these obstacles. Lessons from other high-risk domains are described as are techniques for identifying system flaws. Tables and figures include nonmedical system techniques applicable to medical systems, national patient safety measures, examples of improvement strategies across surgical practice, and contrasting characteristics of medical practice in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

This review contains 1 figures, 4 tables, and 84 references

Key Words: human factors, medical error, peer review, patient safety, root cause analysis, systems engineering, teamwork
Special Considerations of Diverticulitis and Diverticular Bleeding
Authors: Weidner Tiffany K , Kidwell John T , Etzioni David A
Published: January 2021

Diverticulitis in certain subpopulations of patients may require different treatments, especially in the elective setting. Diverticular bleeding, another complication of diverticulosis, is another source of burden on United States healthcare from diverticular disease. This chapter discusses the special circumstances of right-sided diverticulitis, diverticulitis in young patients or immunocompromised patients, recurrent diverticulitis after resection, giant colonic diverticulum, and rare presentations of diverticulitis. Atypical types of diverticulitis such as segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD), symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD), and smoldering diverticulitis are also reviewed, and indications for surgical intervention are summarized. Current controversies are reviewed, including the decision to operate in young or immunocompromised patients; management of SCAD, SUDD, or smoldering diverticulitis; and best localization method to diagnose diverticular bleeding.
This review contains 6 figures, 2 tables, and 55 references.
Key Words: atypical diverticulitis, diverticular bleeding, diverticular disease, diverticulosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, right-sided diverticulitis, segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis, smoldering diverticulitis, symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease, total abdominal colectomy
The Respiratory System: Physiologic Assessment and Real-world Application
Authors: Watson Joshua , Vatsaas Cory , Agarwal Suresh
Published: January 2021

The respiratory system is an elegant physiologic mechanism that provides the most basic support of the body, oxygenation and ventilation. Oxygen must be absorbed and delivered to the tissues to continue with oxidative metabolism while the byproduct of carbon dioxide must be expelled in a delicate balance to maintain an acid/base equilibrium. Complete understanding of oxygen content, delivery, and consumption is essential as a provider caring for the critically ill patient. The respiratory system can be closely monitored through a variety of helpful adjuncts including pulse oximetry, capnometry, and pulmonary function testing. These additional data points are useful for assessing a patient’s clinical condition in conjunction with the patient’s overall pulmonary status, underlying pathology, and environmental factors. A thorough understanding of the respiratory system guided by diagnostic testing and an assessment of patient factors are helpful in mitigating risk of pulmonary complications in the perioperative environment.

This review contains 2 figures, 2 tables, and 54 references.
Key Words: capnometry, pulse oximetry, respiratory system, oxygenation, ventilation pulmonary, pulmonary function testing, pulmonary complications, preoperative pulmonary optimization, smoking cessation
Principles of Initial Trauma Management and Evaluation
Authors: Resnick Shelby , Smith Brian , Reilly Patrick
Published: January 2021

Trauma accounts for almost 10% of deaths worldwide and is the fourth most common cause of death in the United States. Treatment of the injured patient requires multiple unique resources, including multidisciplinary teams, surgical subspecialties, and dedicated resuscitation areas. Evaluation and initial management of the trauma patient is performed systematically to quickly identify and treat life-threatening injuries. This review serves as an introduction to care for the critically injured patient. It covers the initial steps for evaluation, resuscitation, diagnosis and treatment of the trauma patient and provides a brief overview of various injury patterns resulting from both blunt and penetrating trauma.

This review contains 6 figures, 6 tables and 49 references
Key Words: blunt trauma, damage control resuscitation, FAST exam, lateral canthotomy, penetrating trauma, primary survey, rapid sequence intubation, secondary survey, trauma systems
Overview of Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Lynch Rebecca , Sisk Erin
Published: January 2021

Enteral nutrition (EN) is recognized as a medical nutrition therapy for patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract who are unable to maintain their weight and health by oral intake alone either due to a highly catabolic medical condition or a functional limitation. EN support provides calories and protein to help improve or maintain adequate weight, lean body mass, and overall nutritional status. EN also provides nonnutritive benefits such as maintaining intestinal integrity, supporting the immune system, and preventing infection. EN support can be tailored to a patient’s nutrient needs, and there are various formulas that vary in composition of macronutrients, concentration, and electrolytes for specific disease processes or conditions that may help with tolerance and absorption. EN support complications include issues with access, diarrhea, constipation, electrolyte abnormalities, hyperglycemia, and dehydration/overhydration. Generally, EN is well tolerated. While a patient is on this type of nutrition support, it is important to closely monitor tolerance, weight, laboratory values if indicated, and overall clinical progress, with adjustment to the regimen as needed.
This review contains 1 figure, 4 tables, and 48 references.
Key words: enteral access, enteral formula, enteral nutrition support, gastric residuals, gastrointestinal tract, immunonutrition, malnutrition, medical nutrition therapy, tube feed formula, tube feed tolerance, tube feeding, volume-based feeding
Endoscopic Techniques for Obtaining Enteral Access
Authors: Ryou Marvin , Salgado Sanjay
Published: January 2021

In the absence of contraindications, enteral feeding is recommended for patients who are expected to be intolerant of oral feedings beyond 7 days. Enteral access can be accomplished by a variety of means, including surgical, endoscopic, or radiographic methods. This review focuses on endoscopy-guided options for enteral access. These methods include gastric feeding, which can be accomplished by orogastric, nasogastric, or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement, and postpyloric feeding, accessed through oral or nasal jejunal tubes, percutaneous gastrostomy with a jejunal extension, or direct percutaneous jejunostomy. The indications, techniques, complications, and comparative data of these placement options are outlined, and special clinical considerations (including establishing access in patients with dementia or cirrhosis and those on anticoagulation) are discussed.

This review contains 5 figures, 1 table, and 33 references.
Key words: direct percutaneous jejunostomy, endoscopy, enteral access in cirrhosis, enteral access in dementia, enteral feeding, enteric access, nasogastric feeding tubes, percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy tubes, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes
O futuro da pós-graduação no Brasil em 2030
Authors: Amorim João Carlos de , Silva Sheila Serafim da , Spers Renata Giovinazzo
Published: January 2021

A pós-graduação no Brasil apresentou crescimento expressivo nos últimos dez anos e este fato justifica o interesse em pesquisar quais são as tendências da pós-graduação para o ano 2030. Para isso, realizou-se uma consulta com 18 especialistas em educação por meio da técnica Delphi. Os resultados receberam tratamento estatístico e qualitativo. Os resultados indicaram tendências associadas à internacionalização, ao uso de tecnologias na educação superior, o foco em produções científicas de melhor qualidade e a necessidade de mais investimento governamental. Concluiu-se que o estudo atendeu ao objetivo proposto, sendo possível analisar as tendências do futuro da Pós-Graduação do país. Palavras-chave: Pós-Graduação no Brasil; Prospecção; Técnica Delphi.
STUDENTS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS: BRAILLE READING RATE
Authors: Dimitrova Radojichikj Daniela
Published: January 2021

A comparison reading performance was done between 8 students who are using Braille and 14 students who are using enlarged print to read. Reading performance was determined using reading rate (words per minute, wpm). Reading rate results showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between those using the Braille (16.62±11.61 wpm) and those using the enlarged print (27.21±24.89 wpm). This study has shown that Braille reader students read at lower reading rate compared to print reader students with visual impairment.
THE ATTITUDES AND OPINIONS OF TEACHERS TO THEIR COMPETENCES
Authors: Nikodinovska Bancotovska Suzana
Published: January 2021

The teaching profession is built upon the initial education on relevant pedagogical faculties, and further upgraded and improved through continuing education through various forms of professional development.The competencies of the teacher for realization of educational activity represents the content and function of its professional obligations. Global taxonomy of teacher’s competences are consisted of pedagogical competencies and professional competencies.The pedagogical competence of the teacher has one main characteristic - it enables the organization and realization of educational process. The professional competences of the teacher, in fact, represent the competence and commitment to implement the teaching.The subject of research in this paper is the professional competences of the teachers. The research is focused on the identification of the professional competencies of the teacher, with the possibility of extension and deepening of the established taxonomy with new competences.The professional qualifications of teachers are closely related to the profile and characteristics of the educational system. Partial and global changes in educational systems have led to changes in competence of the teacher. In order to establish more successful future projection of the impact of teacher’s competences on all school activities and arising results, the proposed changes will focus on: improving the quality of working conditions in primary schools - the basic requirements to equip with modern educational technology; changes in curriculum placement; greater efficiency of educational work; systematic assessment of the teacher, which will result in raising its position in society.
REALISATION OF AESTHETIC-COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF THE READINGS IN MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE TEACHING FROM FIRST TO THIRD GRADE
Authors: Horvatovikj Vesna
Published: January 2021

Literary-artistic compositions, first of all, have an aesthetic function but when the same are used in the teaching they as well fulfill the cognitive function. The best “angle of view” of one literary-artistic composition in the teaching is through the balanced relation of “dolce” and “utile”. The instructiveness of literary-artistic compositions in the teaching is not ultimate and should not be considered as a task that is to be performed. For the purpose of realization of these basic functions of literary-artistic compositions envisaged in the teaching, the main precondition is their appropriate selection pursuant to the age of the reading audience (the students).
Aplikasi Monitoring Penderita Kardiovaskular dan Obesitas Berbasis Mobile Internet of Things (MIoT)
Authors: Ulum Muhamad Bahrul , Anwar Nizirwan , Widayanti Riya , Yulfitri Alivia , Bratanata Hendra
Published: January 2021

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), coronary heart disease is the biggest cause of death in Indonesia. In 2016, the death rate from heart disease was 122 people per 100,000 population. This figure is higher than other causes, such as stroke, tuberculosis, and diabetes. The number is increasing every year due to changes in lifestyle of Indonesian people who like to eat high-fat foods and lifestyle factors that affect the risk of cardiovascular disease, including lack of physical activity, smoking, unhealthy diet, and alcohol consumption habits. This study aims to monitor the heart rate of cardiovascular sufferers with the mobile internet of things (MIoT) approach. Using the ESP8266 Wifi module for communication to the database server and heart rate sensor to detect heart rate then convert it to Bit per Minute (BPM). Every patient with cardiovascular disease can be monitored using a sensor connected to a smartphone to record any changes that occur. The research method consists of several stages, namely: Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate and Optimize (PPDIOO). The results obtained in the form of a aplication heart rate monitoring for patients with cardiovascular for healthcare services.
AGAMA DAN KERAGAMAN DALAM FILM INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA
Authors: Tuhri Mufdil
Published: January 2021

This article examines the respresentation of religion in two Indonesian and Malaysian films. This article argued that filmmakers have succeeded in trying to portray diversity and religion in the two films. Methodologically, this article compared between two films namely the Indonesian Film, Mencari Hilal (2015) and the Malaysian Film, Wayang (2008). To analyze the film, this article used the theory of Representation by Stuart Hall (1997). This article contend that two films almost showed the same context of polemics between conservative and modernist spectrum of Islam as a dominant religion in two country.
NILAI EDUKATIF DALAM PEMBACAAN BURDAH (STUDI ATAS PROSESI PERNIKAHAN ETNIS ARAB DI GORONTALO)
Authors: Arif Muh.
Published: January 2021

This article elaborated on the educational value of Burdah reading in Gorontalo and described the implementation of Burdah reading tradition in Gorontalo, where various activities were usually carried out, for example at assemblies or at the stages before wedding ceremony. In general, the indigenous people of Gorontalo, in the traditional stages before their wedding, only performed the Saronde dance after holding recitation. This was different from Arabian ethnic in Gorontalo. They preferred to read Burdah and Barzanji. The results showed that the reading of Burdah was one of the traditions carried out with a traditional pattern and was upheld by the people of Gorontalo, especially the Arab ethnic group. This was because that the Arabian ethnic people of Gorontalo made Burdah as a tradition that should not be abandoned in every ceremony, especially in wedding ceremonies, circumcision, and the Prophet's birthday. Likewise with other activities, for example when a family was suffering from a disease in the hope that they could get a cure. The educational values in reading Burdah included: first, the cultural value of Burdah tradition was implemented in the form of religious teaching through customary traditions; second, religious values in the tradition of Burdah reading contained religious teachings to strengthen faith and piety; third, the social value of the tradition of Burdah reading was in a form of religious teaching to familiarize each other with maintaining friendship, respecting and remaining united in Islamic brotherhood.
Ritual Hada O Na’adi dalam Pesta Adat Pernikahan di Mali Hada O Na'adi Rituals at a Traditional Marriage Party in Mali
Authors: Molana Christin Ekaristi
Published: January 2021

This research relates to one of the cultures that exist in Mali, namely the culture of eating indigenous. The culture of traditional eating is known as the ritual of hada o na'adi, this ritual is only carried out in a traditional wedding party and is a legacy from ancestors that is still preserved to this day. This paper also aims to look at the hada o na'adi ritual function in a traditional wedding party in Mali. The method used is a qualitative research method using direct interview techniques with several people representing each tribe in Mali and literature study to strengthen this writing. based on data obtained from the field, this study explains that the ritual of hada o na'adi has two main functions, namely the religious function and social function. The religious function of the hada o na'adi ritual is to have magical power to better organize people's mindsets and lives, while the social function is as a symbol of togetherness, courtesy, mutual respect and order.
Sakralitas Tua dalam Ritus Sae Toi Sanu Se’at etnik Amanuban Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Matau Tyrsa Noviana
Published: January 2021

This study aims determine the benefits of the Haul tradition to counter intolerance and religious nuances that are rife in Indonesia through the Haul tradition in Ujung-ujung village. Ujung-Ujung Village is a Javanese community that has a tradition called haul, The increasing number of visitors encouraged the committee to introduce culture and culinary specialties from Ujung-Ujung Village, through a cultural parade and bazaar in the middle of the haul event. This development requires the awareness of all villagers to work together to succeed in the success of the haul that has become the common property. This is where the interaction and social harmony of citizens are created which is inseparable from the influence of the Javanese cultural character that the Ujung-Ujung people live on. Haul Eyang Muhyidin, who has become an annual compulsory ritual, has also transformed society into a symbol full of meaning. This tradition has become a symbol of harmonious social life.
Konsep “Entrepreneur’s Dream” pada Desain Interior Inkubator Bisnis dan Teknologi Universitas Kristen Petra
Authors: Wijaya Fanny , Wibowo Mariana , Rizqy M. Taufan
Published: January 2021

The interior design of the Petra Christian University Business and Technology Incubator aims to provide a forum for the people of East Java, especially start-up companies, students, lecturers and the outside community to start their start-ups and to develop the creative economy in East Java. The current interior of IBT Petra still uses former classrooms. So that it still does not accommodate the activities and needs of its users to work optimally and creatively. In order to solve the problem formulation, the Design Thinking 101 method is used, which consists of 3 main stages, namely Understand (Collecting and Analyzing Data), Explore (Looking for ideas for problem solving) and Materialize (Testing and developing designs). Then an IBT interior design was produced with the concept of Entrepreneur's Dream, which applies the vision, mission and goals of a startup, namely innovative, grow, caring, global into its interior design that can help realize the vision and mission. The resulting scope includes creative co-working space, exhibition space, store, office, event space, makerspace and café.
Program Pembinaan Perilaku Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan
Authors: Kurniawan Hafidh , Isnarmi Isnarmi , Hasan Helmi
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana kelayakan desain program pembinaan perilaku moral siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan di Sekolah Menegah Kejuruan. Penelitian menggunakan Research and Development ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evalutions). Penelitian dilakukan di SMK Negeri 1 Bonjol. Subjek penelitian yaitu 60 orang siswa-siswi SMK Negeri 1 Bonjol dan 1 orang guru Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan sebagai subjek pengguna. Hasil analisis data kelayakan ahli Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan diperoleh kelayakan 93% dengan kategori sangat baik layak dan dapat digunakan. Analisis data kelayakan ahli media diperoleh 92,72% dengan kategori sangat baik layak dan dapat digunakan. Analisis data subjek pengguna yaitu guru Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan diperoleh 93,33% dengan kategori sangat baik. Analisis data responden siswa SMK Negeri 1 Bonjol diperoleh 80,75% dengan kategori baik. Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu desain program pembinaan prilaku moral siswa di Sekolah Menegah Kejuruan diterapkan menggunakan rencana kegiatan mingguan (RKM). Kelayakan desain program pembinaan prilaku moral siswa oleh ahli dikategorikan layak dan dapat digunakan. Kelayakan desain program pembinaan prilaku moral siswa berdasarkan tanggapan subjek pengguna diketegorikan layak dan sangat menarik digunakan. Respon siswa dengan desain program pembinaan prilaku moral diketegorikan baik.
Kemampuan Guru Melaksanakan Remedial Melalui Pendekatan Direktif
Authors: Marisa Santa , Fatmariza Fatmariza
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the ability of teachers to carry out remedial learning through a directive approach because not all students have the same learning abilities and not all learning runs smoothly, and not all teachers understand and carry out the actual remedial. This study uses qualitative research with descriptive methods. Informant selection technique with purposive sampling. Data collected by interview, observation and documentation. So that the data obtained can be trusted (valid), then in this study triangulation is carried out triangulation of sources and time. The data obtained were analyzed by referring to the Miles and Huberman analysis model with steps namely data reduction, data model (data display) and drawing conclusions. The results of this study explain that in general the fostered teacher has carried out remedial learning and enrichment but has not gone through the analysis of student learning outcomes, the teacher has not made a diagnosis of the causes of learning difficulties and students' failure to answer the questions correctly. The low ability of teachers to carry out remedial learning, due to teachers not yet understanding the nature of the remedial learning. The supervision effort is through the Directive Approach. Researchers believe that through the directive approach, the ability of fostered teachers to carry out remedial learning can be improved, because researchers can clarify, explain, direct, demonstrate, and provide reinforcement in making improvements, mentoring and coaching.
Program Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah: Upaya Kolaboratif Untuk Kesehatan Anak
Authors: Nurochim Nurochim , Nurochim Siti Ngaisah
Published: January 2021

This article aims to examine the importance of school-based health promotion as an effort to improve children's health. To improve children's health through school institutions, a policy guideline that is guided by them is needed. Institutional theory is used in this article to describe how efforts to improve student health. Literature relating to students' health conditions and the implementation of health promotion is used as a database in this article. Furthermore, the data from various literatures were analyzed qualitatively based on the study group. It can be concluded that health promotion to improve the quality of health can be carried out through the School Health Promotion. Management with a Joint Regulatio of 4 (four) Ministers, namely the Ministry of Education and Culture; Ministry of Religion, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Home Affairs. The joint regulation is one of the strengths in institutionalizing programs, namely rules or policies. Policies on school-based health education provide detailed guidance, so that actors can act systematically. With systematic action it can influence social networking and cross-sectoral coordination.
ANALISIS KESIAPAN GURU BIDANG STUDI DALAM MENGAJARKAN IPS TERPADU DI SMP NEGERI 6 KECAMATAN MEDAN KOTA
Authors: Putri Andika Dewi , Pinem Kamarlin
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana kesiapan guru bidang studi di SMP Negeri 6 Kecamatan Medan Kota dalam mengajarkan IPS Terpadu ditinjau dari pengelolaan pembelajaran dan (2) Untuk mengetahui kendala-kendala apa saja yang dihadapi guru bidang studi di SMP Negeri 6 Kecamatan Medan Kota dalam mengajarkan IPS Terpadu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan guru bidang studi di SMP Negeri 6 Kecamatan Medan Kota dalam mengajarkan IPS Terpadu ditinjau dari pengelolaan pembelajaran sebesar 79,86% termasuk dalam kategori siap. Kendala yang dihadapi guru-guru bidang studi dalam mengajarkan IPS Terpadu , antara lain (1) Kurang menyatunya konsep geografi, ekonomi, sejarah dan sosiologi dalam benak guru (2) Keterbatasan sarana pendukung pembelajaran IPS Terpadu di sekolah.
FAKTOR YANG MENYEBABKAN PETANI KEMIRI BERUBAH MENJADI PETANI KAKAO DI DESA KUBU KECAMATAN LAWE ALAS KABUPATEN ACEH TENGGARA
Authors: Supriadi Supriadi , Pinem Mbina
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang menyebabkan petani kemiri berubah menjadi petani kakao dilihat dari 1). Pengalaman dan pendidikan, 2). Modal, 3). Harga, 4). Pendapatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Kubu Kecamatan Lawe Alas Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh petani kemiri yang berubah menjadi petani kakao dengan jumlah 100 Kepala Keluarga dan sampel yang diambil 50 % yaitu sebanyak 50 kepala keluarga yang diambil secara proporsional random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah komunikasi langsung dan alat pengumpul data adalah dengan menggunakan angket. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisa data diskriptif kualitatif. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah : (1). Pengalaman yang dimiliki petani kakao sudah cukup baik artinya pengetahuan petani kakao dalam mengolah lahan tanaman kakao mulai dari pembibitan sampai awal panen. (2). Modal yang dibutuhkan petani kakao lebih banyak daripada petani kemiri yaitu sebesar Rp.  600.000 – Rp. 2.600.000, sedangkan modal petani kemiri sebesar Rp. 35.000 –  Rp. 96.700. (3). Faktor yang paling dominan yang menyebabkan petani kemiri berubah menjadi petani kakao adalah harga kakao lebih menguntungkan. (4). Pendapatan petani kakao lebih tinggi daripada petani kemiri. Pendapatan petani kakao sebesar Rp. 600.000 – Rp. 1.520.000/bulan. Sedangkan pendapatan petani kemiri sebesar Rp. 180.000 – Rp. 236.700/bulan
ANALISIS TINGKAT KERENTANAN BANJIR DENGAN PENDEKATAN GEOEKOSISTEM DI SUB DAS BABURA PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Lestari Anik Dwi , Suriani Meilinda , Julismin Julismin
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui agihan tingkat kerentaan banjir dan karakteristik kerentanan banjir di subDAS Babura, merumuskan strategi pengelolaan lingkungan untuk menanggulangi daerah-daerah yang rentan terhadap banjir. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian maka dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini digunakan beberapa metode survei, yaitu survei instansional dan survei lapangan. Survei instansional digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data sekunder yang meliputi data curah hujan, bentuk lahan dan penggunaan lahan. Survei lapangan digunakan untuk mendapatkan data tekstur tanah, kondisi banjir sebenarnya, dan informasi penggunaan lahan. Survei lapangan juga dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara bebas terhadap narasumber yang tinggal di sekitar sungai Babura. Teknik pengolahan data dilakukan dengan metode skoring pada parameter-parameter kerentanan banjir. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data Primer, terdiri dari tekstur tanah, kemiringan lereng, kondisi banjir sebenarnya,dan penggunaan lahan. Data Sekunder, terdiri dari data curah hujan, bentuklahan dan penggunaan lahan. Hasil penelitian dianalisis secara mendalam dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis spasial (keruangan). Hasil akhir penelitian ini adalah Peta kerentanan Banjir di subDAS Babura dimana kerentanan banjir di sub DAS Babura dibagi menjadi tiga kelas, yaitu tidak rentan (15,98%), cukup rentan (43,14%), dan rentan (40,97%). Daerah yang tidak rentan terhadap banjir meliputi hulu sungai Babura yang terdiri dari Kecamatan Sibolangit dan sebagian Kecamatan Pancurbatu. Daerah yang cukup rentan terhadap banjir mencakup daerah tengah sub DAS babura terdiri dari sebagian Kecamatan Pancurbatu dan Kecamatan Namorambe. Daerah yang rentan terhadap banjir meliputi daerah hilir sungai Babura meliputi Kecamatan Medan Petisah, Polonia, Medan Selayang, Medan Johor, dan Medan Tuntungan. Strategi pengelolaan lingkungan untuk menanggulangi daerah yang rentan terhadap banjir adalah berprinsip pada pengelolaan lingkungan DAS yang harus berpegang pada one river and one management yang meliputi kegiatan perencanaan, penataan, penetapan, pemanfaatan, pelestarian, pengawasan dan pemantauan dengan melibatkan tiga unsur kelembagaan (Pemerintah, masyarakat dan swasta)
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Authors: Kurniawan Muhammad
Published: January 2021

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PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN DAN KEPRIBADIAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF DAN AFEKTIF PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN MAHASISWA JURUSAN PPKn FIS UNIMED
Authors: Yunita Sri
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Medan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain Faktorial 2 x 4. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, hasil pengujian hipotesis pertama, tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar PKn mahasiswa yang dibelajarkan dengan strategi pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan strategi pembelajaran kooperatif tipe team game tournament. Hipotesis Kedua, terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar PKn mahasiswa yang memiliki kepribadian koleris, sanguine, phlegmatic dan melankolis. Hipetesis ketiga, tidak terdapat interaksi antara strategi pembelajaran dan kepribadian dalam mempengaruhi hasil belajar.
Kamuflase Politik Dalam Alat Peraga Kampanye
Authors: Pinem Kamarlin
Published: January 2021

Billboards, banners, posters, flags, photographs, and the other campaign medias in various sizes, were crowded the private and public spaces of the city.  As if, what were displayed in our daily was the truly images of the candidates of leader and public officials, and does not seems concerned with the aesthetics of the city and public opinion. The aesthetics of spatial order of the city became chaotic due to almost all of political parties did not concern the regulation of General Election Commission No. 15 of 2003. As a regu-lation which was enacted for regulating of displaying campaign medias which are potentially chaotic, and to maintain the order and aesthetics of the city. The campaign medias were not placed on praying homes, hospitals, or the places of health services, government office buildings, educational buildings, higway, infrastructure and public facilities, and city parks (Article 17 General Election Com-mission regulation No 15 of 2013)
Makna Pendidikan Multikultural bagi Siswa
Authors: Marlina Murni Eva
Published: January 2021

Indonesia is a multicultural and developing country. Yet nowadays many social problems are taking place in various fields of life. By comparing with the other multicultural country in the ASEAN region, it is still being left behind by Singapore and Thailand. As the November 1997 monatary crises, so that implied to another sectors. Consequently, cultural capital as collective power of community such as togetherness, solidarity, cooperation, tolerance, trust, and responsibility which are hold by each community members, have been weakening even nearly broken. Such dynamic and developing society like Indonesia very need attention. As national and local leader, the experts in social and educational matter obligated to serve as agent of social change for the society. Th plural condition of Indonesian society such as ethnic, race, religion, and social status to contibute on development of society. Therefore, containing multicultural matter to education system is very important, either as substance or model of learning due to could contribute in debriefing, developing insight and personality of students. Beside it practices students in facing social problem in middle of their community.