bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employee Career Development Model Design at PT X
Authors: Nasution Syaifan Fauzi , . Nazaruddin , Silalahi Amlys Syahputra
Published: January 2022

Career development is one of the benchmarks for an employee in his career, where performance appraisal is the dominant factor in employee career development at PT. X. In determining the performance appraisal, there are subjective things that become the reference for a superior in giving more assessments to employees.
In this study, the indicators that become the reference for a superior in giving more assessments to subordinates can be used as a reference for an employee in improving his performance. The selected indicators are tested in pairwise comparisons and then processed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to find out the priority weight of the indicators used by superiors in giving more assessments to their subordinates.
From the results of calculations using the AHP method, the priority order of each component can be obtained, which can then be determined by the highest weight of the indicators used. From the results of calculations using the AHP method, the following priority order can be obtained: Loyalty priority is 0.57, then Attitude is 0.17, then Active is 0.11, Discipline is 0.08 and Honesty is 0.07. Thus, the factors that require attention and improvement in the performance of an employee are related to loyalty with the highest priority weight gain.

Keywords: Attitude, Honesty, Loyalty, Discipline and Activeness, Career Development, Performance Appraisal, Analytical Hierarchy Process.
The Influence of Financial Attitude and Financial Socialization Agent on Financial Behavior with Financial Self Efficacy as Moderating Variables
(Study on Students Who are Boarding in the City of Medan)
Authors: Br Ginting Suka Litka Tiadori Ria , Fachrudin Khaira Amalia , Silalahi Amlys Syahputra
Published: January 2022

Financial behavior is a reality that must be faced by every individual in everyday life. Where every individual must behave financially well in order to balance between income and expenses so that they can meet the needs of life and not get caught in financial difficulties. Students are individuals who behave poorly with their finances. Students still have a soul that is still unstable and easily influenced by the surrounding environment. Students often have complex financial problems, because most students do not have limited income and reserves to use every month. Especially for students who have not worked and only get some money from their parents. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of financial attitude and financial socialization agents on the financial behavior of students who are boarding and studying in Medan with financial self-efficacy as a moderating variable. The type of research used is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The population in this study were students who were boarding and studying in Medan. The determination of the sample size follows the rules in the PLS with a total of 100 respondents. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling with method incidental sampling. The questionnaire that has been filled in by the respondent will then be processed using PLS (Partial Least Square). The results show that financial attitude has a positive and significant effect on financial behavior, financial self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on financial behavior, and financial socialization agents have no significant effect on financial behavior. The results of the moderation test state that financial self-efficacy is a moderating variable for the relationship between financial attitude and financial behavior. Still, the results of the moderation test state that financial self-efficacy is not a moderating variable for the relationship between financial socialization agents and financial behavior. All independent variables are able to influence Y by 81.8% while the remaining 18.2% is explained by other variables not examined in this study.

Keywords: Financial Behavior, Financial Attitude, Financial Self Efficacy, Financial Socialization Agents.
Study of Variation of Plant Types of Vertical SubSurface Constructed Wetland Treating Groundwater Contaminated with Iron (Fe)
Authors: Prihatini Nopi Stiyati , Nirtha Indah , Khair Riza Miftahul
Published: January 2022

Drilling groundwater at the BSD Housing Complex, Malintang Village, Gambut District, Banjar Regency has an iron (Fe) value of 5.98 mg/L. According to the Minister of Health Number 32 of 2017 concerning water health requirements for hygiene and sanitation purposes, the water is above the quality standard, 1.0 mg/L for Iron (Fe). One of the treatment methods used to treat the contaminated groundwater is constructed wetland (CW). CW was chosen because of its relatively low cost and environmentally sound natural wetlands. We used the Vertical Flow Subsurface Constructed Wetland (VSSF-CW) in this study. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the VSSF-CW system with different local plants, namely Jeringau (Acorus calamus) and Purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis), in removing iron (Fe) in groundwater. The study used five wood reactors with 90 cm x 30 cm x 40 cm. The results showed that the VSSF-CW system with E. dulcis plant effectively removed iron (Fe) with a higher efficiency value of 85.68% compared to the reactor with A. calamus plant that was 76.72%, and reactor without plant 59,37%. The lowest efficiency of each reactor during the study was on day 5, with values of 58.28%, 37.88%, and 29.43%, respectively. The concentration of iron (Fe) in the VSSF-CW system effluent with Acorus calamus and Eleocharis dulcis plants for 40 days has a value that tends to decrease.

Keywords: Vertical Flow Subsurface Constructed Wetland, groundwater, iron, Acorus calamus, Eleocharis dulcis.
Analysis of the Effect of Bureaucratic Reform and Performance Allowances on Employee Performance through Motivation in Balai Besar Karantina Pertanian (BBKP) Belawan
Authors: Syahputra Heldi , Matondang A. Rahim , Wibowo Rulianda Purnomo
Published: January 2022

This study aims to identify the variables of bureaucratic reform and performance allowances to analyze and evaluate the problems that arise so that steps and solutions can be found in improving employee performance through motivation at BBKP Belawan. This research uses descriptive and causal research with a quantitative approach. The sample in this study amounted to 95 civil servants. The data analysis technique used was the instrument test, namely the validity test and the reliability test as well as the analysis method consisting of the t-test, f test, and path analysis. The results showed that bureaucratic reform directly had a significant positive effect on motivation. Performance allowances directly have a positive effect on motivation. Motivation directly has a significant positive effect on employee performance. Bureaucratic reform has a direct effect on employee performance. And vice versa, direct performance allowance has a significant positive effect on employee performance. Then from the results of the analysis of the bureaucratic reform pathway through motivation has a significant positive effect on employee performance. And performance allowances through motivation have a significant positive effect on employee performance.

Keywords: bureaucratic reform, performance allowances, motivation, and employee performance.
The Relationship between Medication Adherence to the Incidence of Failure of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy (ARV) in HIV/AIDS Patients in Haji Adam Malik Hospital
Authors: Evianta Mars , Kembaren Tambar , Sihotang Lenni Evalina
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a compilation of symptoms or diseases caused by decreased immunity due to infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The number of HIV and AIDS cases continued to increase until 2019, United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) reported that HIV and AIDS cases worldwide had reached around 37.8 million with the highest number of cases found in Africa. Based on the latest report of the Directorate General of P2P (HIV/AIDS and STI Information System (SIHA) in 2019, for the last eleven years, HIV cases in Indonesia reached a peak in 2019, which was 50,282 cases. ARV is the most successful HIV treatment that consists of a combination of several types of drugs that must be taken for life, therefore high compliance is required (>95%) and each patient must take medication according to the prescribed dose and time.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study, the population has taken in the VCT Unit/center of Haji Adam Malik Hospital, the patients who experienced failure of first-line therapy from February to June 2021. With a total sample of 96 people. Data collection techniques were carried out using a questionnaire sheet.
Results: There was a significant relationship between PLWHA who failed first-line therapy on drug side effects (p-value = 0.05) and there was no significant relationship found between knowledge level and adherence to ARV medication (p-value = 0.182).
Conclusion: Factors that influence adherence to taking PLWHA medication at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan, such as level of knowledge and drug regimen, motivation, family support, support from health workers, side effects of drugs.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS; ARV; First Line; PLWHA.
EFFECTS OF BREADFRUIT LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT ON IN VIVO LOWERING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
Authors: Herlina Herlina , Amriani Annisa , Wijaya Dina Permata , Oktriliansih Filla Nur
Published: January 2022

Breadfruit plant is traditionally used as a medicine for diabetes mellitus. Research has been conducted on the effects of ethanol extract of breadfruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis) against a decrease in the blood glucose levels of diabetic rats induced by allocation at a dose of 130 mg/kg bb. Breadfruit leaf ethanol extract (BLEE) is given orally at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW for 20 days. The test was conducted by measuring the blood glucose levels of rats with the GOD-PAP method. The observed parameters are blood glucose levels, ED 5,0 and pancreatic histopathology. The results showed a percentage decrease in blood glucose levels of 38,785%, 39,918%, and 44,925% of BLEE with successive doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BB that had significantly differences between groups (p<0.05). From the data obtained it can be concluded that BLEE 200 mg/kg BW has a decreased activity of blood glucose levels in which the pancreatic histopathology shows the improvement of endocrine cells islets of Langerhans almost perfect. Based on the percentage relationship of decreased blood glucose levels to dose, the effective dose (ED50) of BLEE is 329,341 mg/kg BW.
KESESUAIAN RESEP RACIKAN NON STERIL ANAK DI RUMAH SAKIT IBNU SINA MAKASSAR: STUDI KOMPATIBILITAS DAN STABILITAS
Authors: Toha Aztriana , Mirawati Mirawati , Zulkarnain Iskandar , Purnamasari M Vina , Abdullah Sri Dewi Juwita
Published: January 2022

Obat racikan merupakan obat yang di ubah dari bentuk yang telah ada ke bentuk yang baru serta mencampurkan obat atau bahan aktif menjadi sediaan obat dalam bentuk baru seperti puyer. Masih banyaknya minat peresepan resep racikan terutama dalam bentuk puyer di temukan baik puskesamas ataupunrumah sakit. Proses peracikan dan pencampuran obat yang telah ada dapat mempengaruhi dari segi stabilitas dan kompatibilitas suatu sediaan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian farmasetik dari segi stabilitas dan kompatibilitas apakah berpotensi terjadi instabilitas dan inkompatibilitas di Apotek Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Ibnu Sina Makassar selam periode Januari 2019-Februari 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif retrospektif, data yang diambil semua resep racikan anak dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dengan mengkaji 32 lembar resep racikan anak, bentuk sediaan yang sering diracik adalah tabletÂ  dengan menghasilkan bentuk racikan puyer, Berdasarkan kesesuaian farmasetik stabilitas terjadi potensi instabilitas berupa higroskopisitas, hidrolisis dan oksidasi, obat pada resep ada beberapa berpotensi mengalami instabilitas yaitu Ambroksol (27,53%), Amoksisilin (2,17%), Setirisin (13,76%), Chloramphenicol maleat (9,42%), Deksametason(11,59%), Parasetamol (4,38%), Salbutamol (13,04%), Tremenza (1,44%), Vitamin B comp (4,34%) dan Vitamin C (6,52%). sedangkan untuk segi kompatibilitas tidak di temukan pada sampel penelitian ini yang berpotensi terjadi inkompatibilitas
ARTIKEL REVIEW: OPTIMASI FORMULASI SNEDDS DENGAN SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN DAN BOX BEHNKEN DESIGN
Authors: Akbar Nanda Dwi , Nugroho Akhmad Kharis , Martono Sudibyo
Published: January 2022

SNEDDS merupakan campuran isotropik yang terdiri dari obat, surfaktan, ko-surfaktan dan minyak. Pengembangan dan optimasi formulasi yang tepat diperlukan untuk meminimalisir waktu, biaya, serta menjamin formulasi yang optimal. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan SNEDDS serta aplikasi simplex lattice design (SLD) dan box behnken design (BBD) dalam optimasi formulasi SNEDDS. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyusun review ini yaitu teknik studi pustaka dengan mencari literatur dalam bentuk data primer berupa jurnal nasional maupun jurnal internasional bahasa Inggris dalam 10 tahun terakhir (2011-2020). Optimasi formulasi SNEDDS dengan SLD dan BBD dilakukan dengan memilih formulasi yang memiliki nilai desirability lebih tinggi. Apabila respon terprediksi dan terukur pada formulasi SNEDDS optimal hasil prediksi SLD menunjukkan nilai p>0,05 pada one sample t-test, maka formulasi SNEDDS optimal dianggap valid. Kedekatan respon terukur dan terprediksi pada metode BBD dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai % bias. Beberapa penelitian menggunakan nilai persen bias (%) untuk mengukur kedekatan antara respon terprediksi dengan respon terukur dengan nilai persen (%) bias berkisar antara -6,04% - 7,3%. Nilai persen (%) bias yang semakin besar menunjukkan semakin besar penyimpangan antara respon terprediksi dengan respon terukur.Â Â
EKSTRAKSI BERBANTU ULTRASONIK DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK UMBI GADUNG (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Susanti Susanti , Fadilah Nitya Nurul , Rizkuloh Lina Rahmawati
Published: January 2022

Dioscorea hispida Dennst atau di Indonesia dikenal dengan umbi gadung diketahui mengandung senyawa aktif fenol yang dapat memberikan aktivitas antioksidan. Ekstraksi senyawa fenol dari umbi gadung masih belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengekstraksi senyawa fenol menggunakan metode ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) dengan pelarut yang bervariasi yaitu air, etanol, dan metanol serta menguji aktivitas antioksidannya. Penentuan kandungan fenol total (TPC) ekstrak secara kuantitatif telah dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri uv-vis dengan prinsip reaksi reduksi antara Folinâ€“CiocalteuÂ  dengan asam galat. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak menggunakan metode peredaman 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa senyawa fenol total paling tinggi terdapat pada ekstrak metanol umbi gadung yaitu sebesar 4,467 Â± 0,752 gGAE/100 g dengan aktivitas antioksidan terkuat yang dilihat dari nilai IC50-nya yaitu sebesar 4,395 Î¼g/mL.
EVALUASI AKTIVITAS ANTIHIPERURISEMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA SURUHAN (PEPEROMIA PELLUCIDA L.), HERBA SELEDRI (APIUM GRAVEOLENS L.) DAN KOMBINASI EKSTRAK: STUDI IN VIVO BERBASIS BUKTI ILMIAH
Authors: Nugraha Yogi Rahman , Sujana Dani , Farida Yunahara , Faizatun Faizatun
Published: January 2022

Hiperurisemia adalah suatu kondisi dimana kadar asam urat meningkat. Hiperurisemia disebabkan oleh kelainan genetik pada sistem metabolisme tubuh yang mencegah tubuh mengeluarkan asam urat dari tubuh. Flavonoid dan alkaloid merupakan senyawa yang dipercaya mampu menurunkan kadar asam urat dalam darah dengan cara menghambat kerja xantin oksidase dan superoksidase. Herba suruhan dan seledri telah lama dipakai sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengatasi keluhan asam urat. Pada penelitian ini dilaporkan bahwa ekstrak etanol seledri dan herba seledri serta ekstrak gabungan menunjukkan aktivitas antihiperurisemia yang signifikan terhadap kontrol negatif selama pengamatan (p<0,05). Dosis 250 mg/kgBB menunjukkan aktivitas paling baik (kombinasi ekstrak etanol herba suruhan (Peperomia pellucida 75%) ekstrak etanol herba seledri (Apium graveolens 25%) dengan penurunan asam urat sebesar 58,4%.
FORMULASI BIJI ALPUKAT DAN DAUN EUKALIPTUS SEBAGAI TEH HERBAL ANTIOKSIDAN
Authors: Abubakar Andi Nur Fitriani , Khaerah Azrini
Published: January 2022

Biji alpukat merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang memiliki kandungan antioksidan tinggi. Pada umumnya masyarakat Indonesia meminum air rebusan ekstrak biji alpukat sebagai obat herbal dalam bentuk teh. Namun biji alpukat tidak memiliki aroma khas sehingga diperlukan alternatif lain untuk memperbaiki sifat organoleptik biji alpukat, yaitu penambahan daun eukaliptus yang juga dilaporkan memiliki kandungan antioksidan tinggi. Formulasi biji alpukat dan daun eukaliptus menjadi teh herbal yang memiliki fungsi antioksidan masih belum dilaporkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuat teh herbal formulasi biji alpukat dan daun eukaliptus yang kaya antioksidan dan disukai oleh konsumen. Metode yang digunakan meliputi uji kadar air, skrining fitokimia, uji aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH dan uji organoleptik metode hedonik. Nilai kadar air yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa simplisia biji alpukat dan daun eukaliptus yang digunakan memenuhi syarat sebagai bahan baku penelitian. Hasil analisis fitokimia menggunakan ekstrak air panas menunjukkan biji alpukat mengandung fenolik, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan alkaloid sedangkan daun eukaliptus mengandung fenolik, flavonoid, dan tanin. Formulasi biji alpukat dan daun eukaliptus dengan perlakuan biji alpukat 70% : daun eukaliptus 30% (F4) merupakan formulasi terbaik yang memberikan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi sebesar 65,29% diantara formulasi teh herbal lainnya. Hasil uji organoleptik formulasi F4 dengan penambahan madu terhadap indikator warna dan aroma termasuk kategori sangat suka sedangkan indikator rasa termasuk kategori suka.
EVALUASI KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU MENGGUNAKAN INSTRUMEN SHORT FORM-36
Authors: Putra Oki Nugraha , Hidayatullah Affan Y.N. , Aida Nur , Hidayat Fariz
Published: January 2022

Tuberkulosis masih menjadi polemik kesehatan di Indonesia yang dapat berdampak pada kualitas hidup pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengukur kualitas hidup pasien tuberkulosis paru dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian prospektif observasional dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Perak Timur Surabaya pada bulan Maret hingga Juli 2021. Kuesioner SF-36 digunakan untuk mengukur kualitas hidup pasien TB. Didapatkan empat puluh lima pasien TB paru yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Secara umum, kualitas hidup pasien TB tergolong baik, yakni sebesar 71,11 Â± 16,65. Skor terbesar ditunjukan pada domain rasa nyeri yaitu 79,83 Â± 7,36. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan rerata antara aspek kesehatan mental dan kesehatan fisik pada pasien TB paru (p-value>0,05). Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji Chi-square, hanya variabel jenis kelamin yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup (p-value = 0,046). Pasien TB yang menjalani pengobatan di fase lanjutan memiliki skor kualitas hidup yang lebih besar dibandingkan pengobatan di fase intensif, meskipun perbedaan tersebut tidak bermakna. Â Pasien TB paru yang memiliki penyakit komorbid dan yang merasakan efek samping selama pengobatan, ditemukan skor pada domain fungsi fisik yang secara signifikan lebih rendah daripada pasien yang tidak memiliki penyakit komorbid dan yang tanpa efek samping dengan p-value 0,043 dan 0,030 secara berturut-turut. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini kualitas hidup pasien TB tergolong baik dan hanya variabel jenis kelamin yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup. Diperlukan upaya elaborasi antar tenaga kesehatan untuk mempertahankan dan meningatkan kualitas hidup pasien TB khususnya pada pasien dengan komorbid dan keluhan efek samping selama pengobatan dengan obat antituberkulosis
INTERAKSI MOLEKULAR DARI RICIN-A DENGAN Beclin-1, LC3, DAN p62 PADA PROSES AUTOFAGI
Authors: Herawati Irma Erika , Lesmana Ronny , Levita Jutti , Subarnas Anas
Published: January 2022

Autofagi merupakan proses adaptasi yang dilakukan sebagai pertahanan dalam respon seluler, seperti kekurangan nutrisi atau stress metabolik lain. Mekanisme autofagi diregulasi oleh protein yang dinamakan Autophagy-Related Genes (ATG). Autofagi juga telah banyak dikaitkan dengan berbagai penyakit pada manusia, misalnya kanker atau penyakit degeneratif lainnya. Ricin merupakan protein toksik yang berasal dari biji jarak Ricinus communis L. dan banyak dieksplorasi untuk aktivitas antikanker melalui jalur pensinyalan caspase (apoptosis), namun belum ada penelitian pada jalur autofagi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menelaah mode ikatan yang terjadi antara ricin-A dan protein-protein yang berperan pada setiap tahap proses autofagi (Beclin-1, LC3 atau Light Chain 3, dan p62/Sequistrosome1). Metode yang digunakan adalah simulasi penambatan protein-protein menggunakan server online ClusPro (https://cluspro.org). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ricin-A dapat berinteraksi dengan Beclin-1. LC3, dan p62 melalui pembentukan ikatan hidrogen dengan afinitas baik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ricin-A berperan penting dalam proses autofagi dan dapat dikembangkan menjadi fitofarmaka terapi kanker.
ARTICLE REVIEW: HERBS FOR COMMON COLD TREATMENT
Authors: Riswanto Lifia Bogha , Sukandar Elin Yulinah , Qowiyyah Atun
Published: January 2022

Herbs have been widely used empirically in preventing and treating diseases, one of which is a common cold. The use of herbs obtained from previous generations that are passed down orally can inhibit its development so that knowledge about traditional medicine needs to be documented and inventoried. This article review aims to examine and find out scientific information on the use of medicinal plants in treating the common cold. The research method used is a literature study obtained both offline and online such as books and original research articles published in SINTA accredited national journals and reputable international journals that have been published in the last 10 years. The results show that from the various plants used empirically, preclinical tests have been carried out. A total of 196 plants have been used empirically to treat the common cold, 5 plants have been tested for expectorant activity, 2 plants have been tested for antitussive activity, 3 plants have been tested for antipyretic activity, 3 plants have been tested for analgesic activity and 1 plant has been tested for anti-allergic activity. From several plants that have been tested for their activity, there are a total of 10 plants that have been tested for their acute toxicity. â€œMeniranâ€ (Phyllanthus niruri L.) was the best herb to treat the common cold because of having proven to have expectorant, antitussive, analgesic effects and has been tested for acute toxicity test.
ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНДАҒЫ КОММЕРЦИЯЛЫҚ ЖЫЛЖЫМАЙТЫН МҮЛІК БАҒАСЫН ЗЕРТТЕУ ЖӘНЕ ДАМЫТУ
Authors: ОСПАНОВ Данияр
Published: January 2022

Даная статья проводит исследование оценки коммерческой недвижимости в Казахстане на современном этапе. Опираясь на три подхода оценочной деятельности, дает обоснования необходимости оценки коммерческой недвижимости для различных целей. Оценка недвижимости представляет собой процесс, в котором экономическая ценность инвестиций в недвижимость определяется, которая часто стремится определить справедливую рыночную стоимость объекта недвижимости, или цену, по которой информированный продавец охотно продает собственность недвижимости информированному покупателю. Другими словами, обе стороны имеют всю необходимую информацию, и ни одна из сторон не обязана продавать или покупать.

Бұл мақала қазіргі кезеңдегі Қазақстандағы коммерциялық жылжымайтын мүлікті бағалауға зерттеу жүргізеді. Бағалау қызметінің үш тәсіліне сүйене отырып, ол әртүрлі мақсаттар үшін коммерциялық жылжымайтын мүлікті бағалау қажеттілігін негіздейді. Жылжымайтын мүлікті бағалау - бұл жылжымайтын мүлікке салынған инвестициялардың экономикалық мәні анықталатын, көбінесе жылжымайтын мүліктің әділ нарықтық құнын немесе ақпараттандырылған сатушы білікті сатып алушыға мүлікті сату бағасын анықтауға бағытталған процесс. Басқаша айтқанда, екі жақта да барлық қажетті ақпарат бар, және тараптардың ешқайсысы сатуға немесе сатып алуға міндетті емес.

This article conducts a study of the assessment of commercial real estate in Kazakhstan at the present stage. Based on three approaches of appraisal activity, it provides justification for the need for appraisal of commercial real estate for various purposes. Real estate appraisal is a process in which the economic value of an investment in real estate is determined, which often seeks to determine the fair market value of a property, or the price at which an informed seller willingly sells property to an informed buyer. In other words, both parties have all the information they need, and neither party is required to sell or buy.
CONCEPTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE ACTIVITIES OF KAZAKHSTANI COMPANIES
Authors: АХМЕДИЕВА А. , АБДИКАРИМОВА А.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматривается содержание понятия устойчивое развитие, даны основные направления устойчивого развития принятые в мировой практике и раскрыты особенности применения практики устойчивого развития в группе компаний “Казцинк

The article considers the content of the concept of sustainable development, gives the main directions of sustainable development adopted in the world practice and reveals the features of the application of the practice of sustainable development in the group of companies «Kazzinc»

Мақалада тұрақты даму ұғымының мазмұны қарастырылады, әлемдік тәжірибеде қабылданған орнықты дамудың негізгі бағыттары Берілген және "Қазмырыш" компаниялар тобында орнықты даму практикасын қолдану ерекшеліктері ашылған.
ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНЫҢ САҚТАНДЫРУ НАРЫҒЫНЫҢ ҚАЗІРГІ ЖАҒДАЙЫН БАҒАЛАУ
Authors: ТЫНГИШЕВА Айнур , МАЙКЕНОВА Алия
Published: January 2022

Важная роль страхового рынка в условиях рыночной экономики предопределяет повышенное внимание к его развитию. Надежность и стабильность страхования обеспечивает высокий уровень защиты имущественных и личных интересов населения, снижения риска деятельности хозяйствующих субъектов В статье рассматриваются современные тенденции развития страхового рынка Республики Казахстан. Авторами проведена оценка современного состояния страхового рынка Республики Казахстан. В процессе исследования использовались экономико-математические методы, а также сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ статистических данных.

Нарықтық экономика жағдайында сақтандыру нарығының маңызды рөлі оның дамуына ерекше назар аударады. Сақтандырудың сенімділігі мен тұрақтылығы халықтың мүліктік және жеке мүдделерін қорғаудың жоғары деңгейін, шаруашылық жүргізуші субъектілер қызметінің тәуекелін төмендетуді қамтамасыз етеді. Авторлар Қазақстан Республикасының сақтандыру нарығының қазіргі жағдайына бағалау жүргізді. Зерттеу барысында экономикалық және статистикалық әдістер, сондай-ақ статистикалық деректерді салыстырмалы талдау қолданылды.

The important role of the insurance market in a market economy determines the increased attention to its development. The reliability and stability of insurance provides a high level of protection of the property and personal interests of the population, reducing the risk of the activities of economic entities The article examines the current trends in the development of the insurance market of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors assess the current state of the insurance market of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study used economic and statistical methods, as well as comparative analysis of statistical data.
РЕСТИТУЦИЯ ҚАБЫЛДАУ ТЕРРОРИСТТІҢ ҚЫЛМЫСТЫҚ ҚҰҚЫҚ БҰЗУШЫЛЫҒЫ ҮШІН
Authors: ХАНОВ Талгат , НУРГАЛИЕВ Бахыт
Published: January 2022

В статье рассмотрены отдельные вопросы возможности применения реституции, как одного из механизмов возмещения имущественного вреда, причиненного в результатеуголовного правонарушения террористического характера. Отмечено отсутствие достаточной проработки вопросов возмещения ущерба, причиненного в результате действий, направленных на предупреждение и пресечения террористических актов и преступной террористической деятельности. Предпринята попытка рассмотрения отдельных ситуаций, в результате которых может быть причинен вред гражданам при проведении антитеррористических операций, в случаенаступления имущественных потерь у граждан, вовлеченных в сферу деятельности по противодействию терроризму.Рассматривается возможность применения реституции по данной категории дел. Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения договора на грантовое финансирование Комитетом науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан (ИРН проекта AP08856905)

Мақалада Қазақстан Республикасының жедел-іздестіру заңнамасының кейбір ережелері талданған. Авторлар жекелеген тұжырымдамаларды заңнамалық тұрғыдан нақты реттемеудің болмауы қылмыстық қудалау органдарының субъективті қалауын кеңейтетіндігін атап өтті. Бұл тәсіл азаматтардың құқықтары мен бостандықтарын негізсіз шектеу мүмкіндігіне жол береді. Авторлар қолданыстағы заңнамада қамтылған құқықтық нормаларды жетілдіру бойынша бөлек ұсыныстар мен ұсыныстар жасайды. Осы санаттағы істер бойынша реституцияны қолдану мүмкіндігі қарастырылуда. Мақала Қазақстан Республикасы Білім және ғылым министрлігі Ғылым комитетінің гранттық қаржыландыру келісімшарты (IRN жобасы AP08856905) аясында дайындалған

The article examines certain issues of the possibility of using restitution as one of the mechanisms for compensation for property damage caused as a result of a criminal offense of a terrorist nature. The absence of sufficient elaboration of the issues of compensation for damage caused as a result of actions aimed at preventing and suppressing terrorist acts and criminal terrorist activities was noted. An attempt was made to consider individual situations, as a result of which harm may be caused to citizens during anti-terrorist operations, in the event of property losses from citizens involved in the sphere of counter-terrorism activities.The possibility of applying restitution in this category of cases is being considered. The article was prepared as part of the implementation of the agreement for grant funding by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (IRN of the project AP08856905)
ҚАЗІРГІ КҮНДЕГІ ШЕТЕЛ ТІЛДЕРІН ОҚЫТУ ҮРДІСІ
Authors: СИДИКОВА Г.
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена использованию современных инновационных технологий при обучении студентов иностранным языкам. Авторы статьи рассматривает психологические и дидактические факторы, способствующие внедрению новых технологий в учебный процесс.

Мақала студенттерді шет тілін оқыту сабағында заманауи технологияларды, олардың дидактикалық әлеуетін қолдануға арналған. Мақалада жаңа технологияларды енгізуге ықпал ететін факторлар, цифрлық ұрпақтың психологиялық сипаттамалары атап өтілген.

The article is devoted using modern innovative technologies in teaching foreign languages to students. The authors of the article consider psychological and didactic factors that contribute to the introduction of new technologies in the educational process.
ЕҢБЕК НАРЫҒЫ ЕУРАЗИЯЛЫҚ ЭКОНОМИКАЛЫҚ ОДАҚТЫҢ ИНТЕГРАЦИЯЛЫҚ КҮН ТӘРТІБІНІҢ ЭЛЕМЕНТІ РЕТІНДЕ
Authors: ТИМОШЕНКО Мария
Published: January 2022

Данная статья рассматривает формирование единого рынка трудовых ресурсов в рамках Евразийского экономического союза важнейшее условие успеха интеграционных процессов, мощный импульс создания условий для стабильного развития экономик государств-членов ЕАЭС в интересах повышения жизненного уровня, роста занятости и социальной стабильности евразийского интеграционного объединения. В статье автор рассматривает указанную проблематику и смежные вопросы.

Бұл мақалада Еуразиялық экономикалық одақ шеңберінде бірыңғай еңбек нарығының қалыптасуы, интеграциялық үдерістердің сәттілігінің маңызды шарты, ЕАЭО мүшемемлекеттерінің экономикасын жақсарту мүдделерінде экономиканың тұрақты дамуына жағдай жасау үшін қуатты серпін қарастырылады. өмір деңгейі, жұмыспен қамтудың өсуі және еуразиялық интеграциялық бірлестіктің әлеуметтік тұрақтылығы. Мақалада автор көрсетілген проблемалар мен байланысты мәселелерді қарастырады.

This article examines the formation of a single labor market within the Eurasian Economic Union, the most important condition for the success of integration processes, a powerful impetus to create conditions for the stable development of the economies of the EAEU member states in the interests of improving living standards, employment growth and social stability of the Eurasian integration association. In the article, the author examines the specified problems and related issues.
САЛАСЫНДАҒЫ ҒЫЛЫМИ ЗЕРТТЕУ НӘТИЖЕЛЕРІ ТУРАЛЫ АВТОКӨЛІК ҚОЗҒАЛЫСЫНЫҢ ҚАУІПСІЗДІГІН ҚАМТАМАСЫЗ ЕТУ
Authors: Бакишев Кайрат , Чучаев Александр
Published: January 2022

В статье автор подводит итоги трехлетнего (2018-2020) научного исследования на тему: «Организационные и прикладные проблемы обеспечения безопасности дорожного движения в Республике Казахстан», проведенного по заказу по заказу Комитета науки МОН РК. Подчеркивается актуальность, теоретическая и практическая значимость исследования, указываются цель и способы, которые были использованы для его достижения, а также результаты, которые легли в основу разработанной Концепции обеспечения безопасности дорожного движения в Казахстане на ближайшее десятилетие. В статье отмечается, что причинами дорожных аварий с жертвами являются, прежде всего, социально-экономические, организационные, правовые, технические, нравственные и другие факторы, определяемые интенсификацией научно-технического прогресса. Поэтому профилактика ДТП и автотранспортных правонарушений должна на основе долгосрочных комплексных программ, осущест­вляемых на региональном и республиканских уровнях

Мақалада автор ҚР БҒМ Ғылым комитетінің тапсырысы бойынша жүргізілген "Қазақстан Республикасында жол қозғалысы қауіпсіздігін қамтамасыз етудің ұйымдастырушылық және қолданбалы мәселелері" тақырыбындағы үш жылдық (2018-2020) ғылыми зерттеудің қорытындысын шығарады. Зерттеудің өзектілігі, теориялық және практикалық маңыздылығы атап көрсетіледі, оған қол жеткізу үшін пайдаланылған мақсат пен тәсілдер, сондай-ақ таяудағы онжылдықта Қазақстанда жол жүрісі қауіпсіздігін қамтамасыз етудің әзірленген тұжырымдамасының негізіне алынған нәтижелер көрсетіледі. Мақалада құрбандармен жол апаттарының себептері, ең алдымен, ғылыми-техникалық прогресті қарқындатумен анықталатын әлеуметтік-экономикалық, ұйымдастырушылық, құқықтық, техникалық, адамгершілік және басқа факторлар болып табылады. Сондықтан жол-көлік оқиғалары мен автокөлік құқық бұзушылықтарының алдын алу өңірлік және республикалық деңгейлерде жүзеге асырылатын ұзақ мерзімді кешенді бағдарламалар негізінде жүзеге асырылуы тиіс

In the article, the author summarizes the results of a three-year (2018-2020) scientific study on the topic: "Organizational and applied problems of road safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan", conducted by order of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The relevance, theoretical and practical significance of the research is emphasized, the purpose and methods that were used to achieve it are indicated, as well as the results that formed the basis of the developed Concept of Road Safety in Kazakhstan for the next decade. The article points out that the causes of road accidents with victims are, first of all, socio-economic, organizational, legal, technical, moral and other factors determined by the intensification of scientific and technological progress. Therefore, the prevention of road accidents and motor vehicle offences should be based on long-term comprehensive programs implemented at the regional and national levels
Existence of weak solutions for second-order boundary-value problems of Kirchhoff-type with variable exponents
Authors: Eskandarkolaei Iman Enayati , Khademloo Somayeh , Afrouzi Ghasem
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we investigate the existence of multiple solutionsfor a second-order boundary value problems of Kirchhoff-typeequation involving a $p(x)$-Laplacian.
Three methods to solve two classes of integral equations of the second kind
Authors: Chebbah Hassna , Mennouni Abdelaziz , Zennir Khaled
Published: January 2022

Three methods to solve two classes of integral equations of the second kind are introduced in this paper. Firstly, two Kantorovich methods are proposed and examined to numerically solving an integral equation appearing from mathematical modeling in biology. We use a sequence of orthogonal nite rank projections. The rst method is based on general grid projections. The second one is established by using the shifted Legendre polynomials. We establish a new convergence analysis and we prove the associated theorems. Secondly, a new Nystrom method is introduced for solving Fredholm integral equation of the second kind.
Atos de Concentração no mercado de prestação de serviços de ensino superior - 2016
Authors: Bênia Gerson
Published: January 2022

Esta edição do caderno apresenta uma descrição da atividade de prestação de serviços de ensino superior, seus agentes, características e regulação pertinente; verifica as decisões do Cade sobre atos de concentração, ressaltando os aspectos que mais demandaram esforços do órgão; e destaca a jurisprudência da autarquia em relação às fusões e aquisições envolvendo instituições de ensino privado.
Cadernos do Cade- Mercados de Plataformas Digitais - 2021
Authors: Bastos Camila
Published: January 2022

O décimo segundo número da série “Cadernos do Cade” tem como objetivo apresentar a jurisprudência da autarquia em processos de atos de concentração e investigação de condutas anticompetitivas que envolvem setores de serviços contratados por meio da internet. Para compreender e delimitar os mercados digitais, são abordadas as características gerais das plataformas, incluindo custos, inovações e modelos de negócios. Além disso, considerando que a geração e o uso de dados são inerentes a esses aplicativos, o documento discute a sua interconexão com a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados.
Cadernos do Cade- Mercado de transporte aéreo de passageiros e cargas - 2017
Authors: Maciel Gustavo , Resende Guilherme
Published: January 2022

O quinto número da série “Cadernos do Cade” concentra-se na avaliação de um dos mercados que mais cresceram no Brasil nas últimas décadas: o de transporte aéreo de passageiros e cargas. Este caderno serve como ferramenta de disseminação das práticas do Cade nos assuntos relacionados ao setor, consolidando o histórico relacionado a assuntos econômicos e detalhando posicionamentos acerca de temas sensíveis para todos aqueles interessados em defesa da concorrência.
Dominus and Tyrannos? Narratives of Slavery in the Political Discourse of Late Antiquity
Authors: Binsfeld Andrea
Published: January 2022

Late Roman authors give us many examples of how firmly images of slavery were anchored in the minds of contemporaries, and how these images were incorporated into literary tradition and political discourse. Images from the world of slavery could be used in a great variety of ways: to criticize an emperor’s behavior, to illustrate his loss of authority, or to characterize the relationship between two emperors. The book will show how the presentation and perception of Late Roman emperors, such as Diocletian and his co-emperors, were influenced by narratives from the world of slavery. These narratives form part of a power discourse, a discourse on power relations. Or to speak with Hayden White, “And this raises the suspicion that narrative in general, from the folktale to the novel, from the annals to the fully realized ʻhistory’, has to do with the topics of law, legality, legitimacy, or, more generally, authority”.
HbA1C in Type 2 Diabetic Population is inversely related to Serum Vitamin D
Authors: Mudassar Sahar , Ali Mudassar , Mahmood Faheem , Latif Jamshad , Mustafa Zia ul , Nishat Mufassar
Published: January 2022

Background: Vitamin D is involved in the regulation of calcium levels, insulin secretion, and insulin action. Diabetes is a non-communicable condition that results in insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance in the body. The question in this case was whether or not vitamin D levels were associated with type 2 diabetes. Aim To determine if vitamin D has an effect on HbA1c levels in people with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: In tertiary care, a three-month retrospective investigation was conducted. We looked at FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, and Vitamin D. FBS was the most common. The data were analysed with the help of SPSS version 23. Results: In the study, 65 percent of the 52 patients had vitamin D deficiency, while 26 percent had insufficient vitamin D levels. HbA1c values were higher than 6.5 percent in 77 percent of patients, whereas levels were lower than 6.5 percent in 23 percent of patients. The blood sugar level HbA1c and vitamin D revealed a negative connection. Conclusion: Clearly, vitamin D levels and HbA1c levels are inversely related. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes, Vit. D,
Deranged Blood Sugar Levels in Type 2 Diabetics induced impairment of nerve conduction
Authors: Mustafa Zia ul , Uddin Muhammad Aleem , Latif Jamshad , Nasir Rabea , Butt Rahma Zahid , Irshad Faiza , Nishat Mufassar
Published: January 2022

Background: One of the complications of diabetes is Peripheral neuropathy that becomes the source of frailty and indisposition. Metabolic malfunction is the root cause in diabetes that target nerve damage. Aim: To evaluate electrophysiological case research with respect to effect of diabetics on nerves and to link it along with blood sugar Methods: Assessment of nerves related to of upper limb was carried out for motor nerve by aid of computerized system and surface electrodes in 40 male individuals suffering from type 2 and 40 healthy males. The ulnar and median nerve was selected for case research. Parameters that were being discussed included conduction velocity and distal latency Results: Diabetics have increased distal delay and reduced conduction velocity. These variables were linked to blood sugar levels in diabetics. Conclusions: There is affect to nerves in case of diabetes as shown by poor motor nerve function and depicted via testing electro physiologically. Increase in sugar blood levels is associate with damage to nerves. Keywords: Electrophysiological tests, Conduction velocity, Peripheral neuropathy, Diabetes,
Limberg Flap Versus Primary Midline Wound Closure in Treatment of Chronic Pilonidal Sinus Disease
Authors: Ghaffar Naeem , Javed Muhammad Aslam , Ahmad Farooq , Khan Hina , Arshad Muhammad , Khawaja Kamran Khalid
Published: January 2022

Objective: Current study aims to compare the Limberg flap technique with primary midline wound closure to treat the chronic pilonidal sinus disease. Study design: A comparative study was done in Surgery Department Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore from January 2020 to September 2021 Method: The sample size for the study is 60 patients who were regularly visiting the hospital due to PS disease. All the patients were divided into two groups A and B. Group A had 30 patients treated with the Limberg flap method and group B had 30 patients treated with primary midline wound closure. Before starting the treatment a brief description of the treatment was given to all patients and consent was signed from all participants. The final decision for treatment was decided by the team of senior surgeons as well as with help of the patient's own choice. Limberg flap and primary midline wound closure (PMC) were applied to patients who regularly followed the instruction for chronic pilonidal sinus treatment. Primary midline closure was applied on patients who had a cosmetic concern and did not have a recurrence problem. Results: Total 60 patients were divided into two groups, Group A (Limberg flap) had 30 patients in which 25 (83%) were males and 5 (16.6%) females. The mean age for this group was 25 ± 5.00 years. The patients without a previous history of pilonidal sinus disease (primary case) was 17 (56.6%) and the recurrence case was 13 (14.3%). Group B (primary midline wound closure) had 30 patients in which 18 (60%) were males and 12 (40%) females. The mean age for this group was 28 ± 3.00 years. The patient without a previous history of pilonidal sinus disease (primary case) was 28 (93.3%) and the recurrence case was 2 (6.6%). The comparison of 3rd-week outcomes shows that in group A 25 (83,3%) patients had painless walking, 23 (76.6%) patients start their routine work and 26 (86.6%) patients had treatment satisfaction. In group B 21 (70%) patients reported painless walking, 18 (60%) patients started their routine activity and 22 (73.3%) patients shows satisfaction with treatment. Conclusion: Hence we concluded that a better improvement percentage was measured high in group A (Limberg flap) than group B (PMC). Therefore limberg flap is better technique to treat the chronic pilonidal sinus disease. Keywords: chronic Pilonidal Sinus, primary midline wound closure (PMC), Limberg flap
Effectiveness of Inguinal Hernioplasty by Lichtenstein Technique in a Periphery Hospital
Authors: Ahmad Aqeel , Usman Aslam Muhammad , Qadir Muhammad Rizwan , Yousaf Imran , Mohammad Shah Syed Tahir , Khan Abid Hussain
Published: January 2022

Aim: Study was carried out to see the effectiveness of the inguinal hernioplasty by Lichtenstein technique in our hospital which is located in the periphery. Methods: This prospective study was conducted from Aug 2017 to Oct 2021. All male patients older than 18 years with primary inguinal hernia were included in the study by convenient sampling technique. Patients with strangulated, obstructed and recurrent inguinal hernia and patients with obstructive urinary symptoms were excluded from the study. Written consent was taken. Patients were operated under suitable anesthesia (General/Spinal). Standard open inguinal mesh hernioplasty was done by Lichtenstein technique. In order to detect long term outcome of the procedure, a planned scheduled follow-up of the operated cases were done in the OPD. Demographic data along with short & late term complications were recorded and analyzed with Excel 2013. Results: A total of 295 inguinal mesh hernioplasty were done. Right sided hernia was seen in 60.34%, left side hernia was seen 34.58% and bilateral hernia was seen in 5.08% of the patients. Indirect hernia was observed in 65.08%, direct hernia was seen in 32.88% and pantaloon hernia was seen in 2.03%. Hepatitis C virus infection was found in 9.83% of the patients and hepatitis B virus was found in 2.71%. Scrotal swelling was observed in 1.36% of the patients which was treated conservatively, seroma was observed in 1.02% of the patients which was absorbed spontaneously and no intervention was done. Hematoma was seen in one patient having hepatitis C virus infection. During follow-up of one year chronic groin pain was seen in 2.37% patients which resolved conservatively. In long term follow-up no infection, chronic groin pain and recurrence was reported. Conclusion: Effectiveness of open inguinal mesh hernioplasty by Lichtenstein technique is far superior to other techniques. Lichtenstein technique is safe, easy to learn and it does not require any special equipments. We strongly recommend this technique in periphery hospital where laparoscopic facilities are still not available. Keywords: Lichtenstein repair, Shouldice technique, Inguinal mesh hernioplasty.