bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Video Interaktif terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran Projek Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan di SMK PGRI 3 Badung
Authors: Ardita I Made , Yudana I Made , Dantes Kadek Rihendra
Published: April 2024

This study aims to 1) find out the differences in learning outcomes of creative and entrepreneurial project subjects before applying the interactive video media-assisted problem-based learning model, 2) knowing the differences in learning outcomes of creative and entrepreneurial project subjects after applying the problem-based learning model assisted by interactive video media, 3) knowing the significant influence of the problem-based learning model assisted by video media interactive for grade XI students majoring in Hospitality at SMK PGRI 3 Badung in 2023/2024. This research is quantitative research with a type of research, namely quasi-experiment (quasy experiment). The results showed that: 1) The learning outcomes of creative and entrepreneurial project subjects before applying the interactive video media-assisted problem-based learning model were obtained a range value of 21, a minimum value of 56 and a maximum value of 77, at a mean value of 66.59, a standard deviation of 6.265 and a variance of 39.248, 2) Student learning outcomes after applying a problem-based learning model assisted by video media interactive where the range value is 12, at a minimum value of 80 and a maximum of 92, the mean value is 85.97, the standard deviation is 3.262 and the variance value is 10.638, 3) There is an influence of the problem-based learning model assisted by interactive video media on the results of student learning creative and entrepreneurial project subjects where Pair 1 obtained a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 smaller than 0.05, then it means that there is a difference in the average learning outcomes of students for the experimental class Pre-Test with the experimental class Post-Test. In the output of Pair 2 obtained a significance (2-tailed) of 0.000 smaller than 0.05, so it means that there is a difference in the average learning outcomes of students for the control class Pre-Test with the control class Post-Test.
Pengaruh Faktor Pola Asuh Orang Tua, Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dan Motivasi Berprestasi terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa di SMA Negeri Satu Atap Lembongan
Authors: Maheyeti Candra Manik , Ariawan I Putu Wisna , Sulindawati Ni Luh Gede Erni
Published: April 2024

The research in this thesis is motivated by the many teacher competencies that have not been achieved in accordance with the National Education System Law No. 20 of 2003 Article 39 Paragraph 2. And also the parenting style of parents who tend not to support children's education because they have to help parents because of work and economic demands. The type of research used by this research is quantitative research with an "ex-post facto" approach. Data collection is carried out by questionnaire instrument. Data analysis and hypothesis testing in this study used multiple regression. The results showed (1) There is a significant influence between parenting style on student achievement at SMA Negeri Satu Atap Lembongan as shown from tcalculate > ttable (3,840 > 1.972), the significance value of t for the parenting variable is 0.000 and the value is smaller than the probability of 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05) (2) There is a significant influence between teacher pedagogic competence on student achievement at SMA Negeri Satu Atap Lembongan Shown from tcount > ttable (2.920 > 1.972). The significance value of t for the teacher's pedagogic competency variable is 0.004 and the value is smaller than the probability of 0.05 (0.004 < 0.05). (3) There is a significant influence between achievement motivation on student achievement at SMA Negeri Satu Atap Lembongan as shown from the ttable > (2,314 > 1,972). The significance value of t for the motivational variable is 0.021 and the value is smaller than the probability of 0.05 (0.021 < 0.05). (4) There is a significant influence between parenting, teacher pedagogic competence and achievement motivation on student achievement at SMA Negeri Satu Atap Lembongan as shown from Fhitung > Ftabel (11,975> 2.65). The significance value of the concurrent test (F test) is 0.000 and the value is smaller than the probability of 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05).
Application of Sketch Learning: Media 3 Dimensi Berupa Alat Peraga untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa pada Proses Pembelajaran
Authors: Kholil Muhammad , Nitasari Rizki Fitriya
Published: April 2024

This research discusses the use of 3-dimensional teaching aids in the context of learning butterfly metamorphosis for grade 2 students at the MI Institute. Ihyaul Islam. The aim of the research is to determine the application of 3-dimensional sketch learning media in the form of teaching aids to increase student interest in learning. Through qualitative methods with a case study approach, data was obtained from observations, conducting interviews with school principals, teachers and students, as well as documentation of the learning process. The research results show that the use of 3-dimensional teaching aids significantly increases students' interest in learning. This media facilitates a better understanding of the concept of butterfly metamorphosis, improves students' memory, and stimulates active involvement in learning. Thus, the use of 3-dimensional teaching aids is considered important in creating an interesting, interactive and effective learning atmosphere for students in understanding science material. These findings have positive implications for the quality of learning, encouraging students' interest in learning, stimulating active involvement in the educational process, and making the learning atmosphere in the classroom more enjoyable and less boring.
Program Kartu Hijau sebagai Peningkatan Siswa Unggul Madrasah Aliyah Darul Huda Mayak Tonatan Ponorogo
Authors: Attarikhi Ulul , Muasomah Luluk , Ma'mun Arif
Published: April 2024

The Green Card is a Madrasah Tip to Improve the Quality of Education. Madrasahs play a major role in improving quality based on the renewal and creativity of madrasah managers who are dynamic, energetic, and have many ideas. Madrasah's task is to create highly competitive alumni academic and non-academic matters. This is implemented in the green card program. The green card program is a design or breakthrough implemented at Madrasah Aliyah Darul Huda Mayak Tonatan Ponorogo in developing superior students. This Green Card is a control book in the form of a module expected to improve or create superior students in the religious realm. This research aims to explain and describe the green card program as an Enhancement for Superior Students. This type of research is field research, which is included in qualitative research; the method for preparing or collecting data is by observing, interacting, understanding people in the environment, and documenting data. The data analysis technique used is analytical. The results of this research are that with the provision of the green card program, the competency diversity of students' practices and knowledge is said to be good and exceeds standards.
OMSORG OG RISIKOVURDERINGER I DAGINSTITUTIONEN – NÅR FORÆLDRES OMSORG OG LIVSFØRELSE TOLKES SOM UVILJE TIL SAMARBEJDE
Authors: Munck Crisstina , Marschall Anja
Published: April 2024

På baggrund af et praksisforskningsprojekt i tre vuggestuer undersøger vi i denne artikel, hvordan politiske dagsordner omtidlig indsats påvirker forældresamarbejdet i forbindelse med børns opstart i vuggestuen. Pædagogers vurderinger af forældresomsorg synes at basere sig på forståelser af børn som sårbare og børn som nogle, der har behov for målrettet stimulering af voksne for at kunne udvikle sig hensigtsmæssigt. Det medfører, at forældre ikke alene vurderes i henhold til deres funktion som primære omsorgspersoner, men også som ”risikomanagere” i deres børns liv. På denne baggrund analyserer artiklen, hvordan pædagogerne i mødet med nogle forældre flytter fokus fra små børns deltagelse i vuggestuens hverdagsliv til at vurdere forældrenes omsorgshandlinger. Det betyder, at forældre som deltagere i et ligeværdigt samarbejde vanskeliggøres, og etablering af en sammenhængende omsorgspraksis, forstået som en omsorgskæde (Andenæs, 2011) for barnet på tværs af hjem og daginstitution, får svære betingelser.
UNDERSØGELSE AF SOCIALITET MED SOCIALITET – PRAKSISFORSKNING I SOCIOANALYTISK GRUPPESUPERVISION
Authors: Vestergaard Arne , Hassing Pedersen Jakob
Published: April 2024

Gruppesupervision anvendes på mange arbejdspladser som led i den løbende udvikling af kompetencer og trivsel på individniveau og til udvikling af det faglige og professionelle felt. Vi oplever et problem ved mange af de metoder, der i dag bruges til gruppesupervision, nemlig at de fokuserer for ensidigt på individet som det ene og på bevidste, rationelle overvejelser om konkrete løsninger som det andet. Supervision kan derfor fastholde supervisander i at have et perspektiv centreret om dem selv som individer og føre til instrumentelle forventninger om et udbytte, hvor selve det socialt konstituerede og konstituerende grundlag for arbejdsfeltet udelades. Men når arbejde ikke er et regnestykke, der kan gå op, er der måske mere brug for at finde en anden indgang til at forstå og handle i sit arbejdsfelt, som inddrager ubevidste, tavse og oversete – og dermed mere omfattende – betydninger af socialitet. Vi har derfor undersøgt en såkaldt socioanalytisk tilgang til gruppesupervision for sit potentiale i forhold til at opfylde denne mangel. Både den kollegiale, faglige socialitet, som gør professionelt arbejde muligt i det hele taget, og den samfundsmæssige, organisatoriske og politiske socialitet som kontekst. Artiklen omhandler denne undersøgelse, som er tilgået som kollaborativ praksisforskning og har fundet sted på arbejdspladser, der arbejder med menneskelig udvikling og velfærd.
Handling og adfærd
Authors: Katzenelson Boje
Published: April 2024

(Publiceret som såkaldt 'target' artikel i første nummer af Bulletin fra Forum for Antropologisk Psykologi'l, 1996. Der er indarbejdet passager fra mit svar på kommentarer til artiklen i samme nummer)
Moralens inderside
Authors: Katzenelson Boje
Published: April 2024

(Publiceret i Psyke & Logos, 1985, i et temanummer om moral)
Psykologi: En videnskab - flere videnskaber? Status og fremtidsperspektiver
Authors: Katzenelson Boje
Published: April 2024

(Publiceret i G.M. Mirdal & I.M. Bryderum (red.) Aspekter af psykologisk forskning i Danmark, Statens Humanistiske Forskningsråd 1996. Artiklen er skrevet på grundlag af et foredrag over opgivet titel ved en konference afholdt af Statens Humanistiske Forskningsråd)
Wordlist of the contemporary corpus of Lithuanian language in the face of war in Ukraine
Authors: Dadurkevičius Virginijus
Published: April 2024

We present the comparative wordlist based on the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language (CCLL2 version 2, pre-2020), supplemented by the media (courtesy of the news media company 15min – www.15min.lt) and social networks lexicons of the war in Ukraine period (Feb 2022 to Feb 2024). For a fair comparison, all word counts have been normalized as if they were 100m words in each source. CCLL2 has 162m words, wartime media – 36m words and wartime social networks – 2m words. The term "word" does not apply here to punctuation, numbers, dates, URL's, hashtags, popular English words, etc. The data itself is in the form of a tab-separated-values (TSV) text file consisting of the following columns: word(token), CCLL2 count, CCLL2 docs, media count, media docs, social networks count, social networks docs. Where "docs" mean number (normalized) of documents with a particular word. All words are written as case-insensitive using capital letters.
Chaotic time delay feature cancellation and bandwidth enhancement in cascaded-coupled nanolasers
Authors: Mu Peng-Hua , Chen Hao , Liu Guo-Peng , Hu Guo-Si ,   School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
Published: April 2024

As an important part of optical sources, nanolasers have a prominent influence in photonic circuit integration, and their nonlinear dynamics has become one of the research hotspots in recent years. In this work, we investigate the time-delay signature and bandwidth characteristics in a cascade-coupled nanolaser system, in which the master nanolaser is connected to an external feedback cavity and injected into the intermediate nanolaser and the slave nanolaser sequentially. The 0-1 chaos test is introduced to quantify the dynamics of the nanolaser, which can accurately distinguish whether the laser is in a chaotic state, and the autocorrelation function is used to analyze the time-delay characteristics in the laser output signal. This type of calculation has the advantages of fast operation speed, high accuracy and anti-noise robustness. The lower the autocorrelation value, the more difficult it is to extract useful information from the chaotic random sequence. The bandwidth is defined as a value where the range between DC and frequency contains 80% of the spectral power, a value that is only applicable to chaotic states. In the simulation, we compare and analyze the two cases of whether the intermediate nanolaser has a peak with obvious time-delay signature. The research results show that by selecting appropriate system parameters, the slave nanolaser can always output a broadband chaotic signal without obvious time-delay signature. Under the condition of a certain injection intensity, by changing the frequency detuning parameter, the intermediate nanolaser has an obvious time-delay signature, and then the slave nano-laser can output chaotic signals which can suppress time-delay signature and enhance bandwidth in a small parameter interval. When the time-delay signal of the intermediate nanolaser is completely hidden, the slave nanolaser can achieve the suppression of the time-delay signature in a larger parameter plane, meanwhile the bandwidth is significantly enhanced. In addition, by plotting the two-dimensional spatial distribution diagram and bandwidth line diagram of the output from the nanolaser under frequency detuning and injection intensity, it is determined that the nanolaser can simultaneously suppress the delay characteristics and enhance the bandwidth under chaotic signals. This provides an important theoretical basis for realizing the practical applications in secrecy-enhanced chaotic optical communication.
Water-soluble 4-(dimethylaminomethyl)heliomycin exerts greater antitumor effects than parental heliomycin by targeting the tNOX-SIRT1 axis and apoptosis in oral cancer cells
Authors: Islam Atikul , Chang Yu-Chun , Chen Xiao-Chi , Weng Chia-Wei , Chen Chien-Yu , Wang Che-Wei , Chen Mu-Kuan , Tikhomirov Alexander S , Shchekotikhin Andrey E , Chueh Pin Ju
Published: April 2024

The antibiotic heliomycin (resistomycin), which is generated from Streptomyces resistomycificus, has multiple activities, including anticancer effects. Heliomycin was first described in the 1960s, but its clinical applications have been hindered by extremely low solubility. A series of 4-aminomethyl derivatives of heliomycin were synthesized to increase water solubility; studies showed that they had anti-proliferative effects, but the drug targets remained unknown. In this study, we conducted cellular thermal shift assays (CETSA) and molecular docking simulations to identify and validate that heliomycin and its water-soluble derivative, 4-(dimethylaminomethyl)heliomycin (designated compound 4-dmH) engaged and targeted with sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in p53-functional SAS and p53-mutated HSC-3 oral cancer cells. We further addressed the cellular outcome of SIRT1 inhibition by these compounds and found that, in addition to SIRT1, the water-soluble 4-dmH preferentially targeted a tumor-associated NADH oxidase (tNOX, ENOX2). The direct binding of 4-dmH to tNOX decreased the oxidation of NADH to NAD+ which diminished NAD+-dependent SIRT1 deacetylase activity, ultimately inducing apoptosis and significant cytotoxicity in both cell types, as opposed to the parental heliomycin-induced autophagy. We also observed that tNOX and SIRT1 were both upregulated in tumor tissues of oral cancer patients compared to adjacent normal tissues, suggesting their clinical relevance. Finally, the better therapeutic efficacy of 4-dmH was confirmed in tumor-bearing mice, which showed greater tNOX and SIRT1 downregulation and tumor volume reduction when treated with 4-dmH compared to heliomycin. Taken together, our in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that the multifaceted properties of water-soluble 4-dmH enable it to offer superior antitumor value compared to parental heliomycin, and indicated that it functions through targeting the tNOX-NAD+-SIRT1 axis to induce apoptosis in oral cancer cells.
Stimulation of VTA dopamine inputs to LH upregulates orexin neuronal activity in a DRD2-dependent manner
Authors: Harada Masaya , Capdevila Laia Serratosa , Wilhelm Maria , Burdakov Denis , Patriarchi Tommaso
Published: April 2024

Dopamine and orexins (hypocretins) play important roles in regulating reward-seeking behaviors. It is known that hypothalamic orexinergic neurons project to dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), where they can stimulate dopaminergic neuronal activity. Although there are reciprocal connections between dopaminergic and orexinergic systems, whether and how dopamine regulates the activity of orexin neurons is currently not known. Here we implemented an opto-Pavlovian task in which mice learn to associate a sensory cue with optogenetic dopamine neuron stimulation to investigate the relationship between dopamine release and orexin neuron activity in the lateral hypothalamus (LH). We found that dopamine release can be evoked in LH upon optogenetic stimulation of VTA dopamine neurons and is also naturally evoked by cue presentation after opto-Pavlovian learning. Furthermore, orexin neuron activity could also be upregulated by local stimulation of dopaminergic terminals in the LH in a way that is partially dependent on dopamine D2 receptors (DRD2). Our results reveal previously unknown orexinergic coding of reward expectation and unveil an orexin-regulatory axis mediated by local dopamine inputs in the LH.
Space as a scaffold for rotational generalisation of abstract concepts
Authors: Pesnot Lerousseau Jacques , Summerfield Christopher
Published: April 2024

Learning invariances allows us to generalise. In the visual modality, invariant representations allow us to recognise objects despite translations or rotations in physical space. However, how we learn the invariances that allow us to generalise abstract patterns of sensory data (‘concepts’) is a longstanding puzzle. Here, we study how humans generalise relational patterns in stimulation sequences that are defined by either transitions on a nonspatial two-dimensional feature manifold, or by transitions in physical space. We measure rotational generalisation, i.e., the ability to recognise concepts even when their corresponding transition vectors are rotated. We find that humans naturally generalise to rotated exemplars when stimuli are defined in physical space, but not when they are defined as positions on a nonspatial feature manifold. However, if participants are first pre-trained to map auditory or visual features to spatial locations, then rotational generalisation becomes possible even in nonspatial domains. These results imply that space acts as a scaffold for learning more abstract conceptual invariances.
FAK loss reduces BRAFV600E-induced ERK phosphorylation to promote intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation
Authors: Gao Chenxi , Ge Huaibin , Kuan Shih-Fan , Cai Chunhui , Lu Xinghua , Esni Farzad , Schoen Robert E , Wang Jing H , Chu Edward , Hu Jing
Published: April 2024

BRAFV600E mutation is a driver mutation in the serrated pathway to colorectal cancers. BRAFV600E drives tumorigenesis through constitutive downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, but high-intensity ERK activation can also trigger tumor suppression. Whether and how oncogenic ERK signaling can be intrinsically adjusted to a ‘just-right’ level optimal for tumorigenesis remains undetermined. In this study, we found that FAK (Focal adhesion kinase) expression was reduced in BRAFV600E-mutant adenomas/polyps in mice and patients. In Vil1-Cre;BRAFLSL-V600E/+;Ptk2fl/fl mice, Fak deletion maximized BRAFV600E’s oncogenic activity and increased cecal tumor incidence to 100%. Mechanistically, our results showed that Fak loss, without jeopardizing BRAFV600E-induced ERK pathway transcriptional output, reduced EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-dependent ERK phosphorylation. Reduction in ERK phosphorylation increased the level of Lgr4, promoting intestinal stemness and cecal tumor formation. Our findings show that a ‘just-right’ ERK signaling optimal for BRAFV600E-induced cecal tumor formation can be achieved via Fak loss-mediated downregulation of ERK phosphorylation.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF220 maintains hindbrain Hox expression patterns through regulation of WDR5 stability
Authors: Wang Huishan , Liu Xingyan , Liu Yamin , Yang Chencheng , Ye Yaxin , Sheng Nengyin , Zhang Shihua , Mao Bingyu , Ma Pengcheng
Published: April 2024

The spatial and temporal linear expression of
Hox
genes establishes a regional
Hox
code, which is crucial for the anteroposterior patterning, segmentation, and neuronal circuit development of the hindbrain. RNF220, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is widely involved in neural development via the targeting of multiple substrates. Here, we found that the expression of
Hox
genes in the pons was markedly up-regulated at the late developmental stage (post-embryonic day E15.5) in

Rnf220
−/−

and

RnfF220
+/−

mouse embryos. Single-nucleus RNA-seq analysis revealed different
Hox
de-repression profiles in different groups of neurons, including the pontine nuclei (PN). The
Hox
pattern was disrupted and the neural circuits were affected in the PN of

Rnf220
+/−

mice. We showed that this phenomenon was regulated by WDR5, a key component of the TrxG complex, which can be ubiquitinated and degraded by RNF220. Intrauterine injection of WDR5 inhibitor (WDR5-IN-4) and genetic ablation of
Wdr5
in

Rnf220
+/−

mice largely recovered the de-repressed
Hox
expression pattern in the hindbrain. In P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, the retinoic acid induced
Hox
expression was also stimulated upon
Rnf220
knockdown, which can be further rescued by
Wdr5
knockdown. In short, our data suggest a new role of RNF220/WDR5 in
Hox
pattern maintenance and pons development.
Robust estimation of cancer and immune cell-type proportions from bulk tumor ATAC-Seq data
Authors: Gabriel Aurélie Anne-Gaëlle , Racle Julien , Falquet Maryline , Jandus Camilla , Gfeller David
Published: April 2024

Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (ATAC-Seq) is a widely used technique to explore gene regulatory mechanisms. For most ATAC-Seq data from healthy and diseased tissues such as tumors, chromatin accessibility measurement represents a mixed signal from multiple cell types. In this work, we derive reliable chromatin accessibility marker peaks and reference profiles for most non-malignant cell types frequently observed in the microenvironment of human tumors. We then integrate these data into the EPIC deconvolution framework (Racle et al., 2017) to quantify cell-type heterogeneity in bulk ATAC-Seq data. Our EPIC-ATAC tool accurately predicts non-malignant and malignant cell fractions in tumor samples. When applied to a human breast cancer cohort, EPIC-ATAC accurately infers the immune contexture of the main breast cancer subtypes.
A multisite validation of brain white matter pathways of resilience to chronic back pain
Authors: Mišić Mina , Lee Noah , Zidda Francesca , Sohn Kyungjin , Usai Katrin , Löffler Martin , Uddin Md Nasir , Farooqi Arsalan , Schifitto Giovanni , Zhang Zhengwu , Nees Frauke , Geha Paul , Flor Herta
Published: April 2024

Chronic back pain (CBP) is a global health concern with significant societal and economic burden. While various predictors of back pain chronicity have been proposed, including demographic and psychosocial factors, neuroimaging studies have pointed to brain characteristics as predictors of CBP. However, large-scale, multisite validation of these predictors is currently lacking. In two independent longitudinal studies, we examined white matter diffusion imaging data and pain characteristics in patients with subacute back pain (SBP) over 6- and 12-month periods. Diffusion data from individuals with CBP and healthy controls (HC) were analyzed for comparison. Whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics analyses revealed that a cluster in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) tract had larger fractional anisotropy (FA) values in patients who recovered (SBPr) compared to those with persistent pain (SBPp), and predicted changes in pain severity. The SLF FA values accurately classified patients at baseline and follow-up in a third publicly available dataset (Area under the Receiver Operating Curve ~0.70). Notably, patients who recovered had FA values larger than those of HC suggesting a potential role of SLF integrity in resilience to CBP. Structural connectivity-based models also classified SBPp and SBPr patients from the three data sets (validation accuracy 67%). Our results validate the right SLF as a robust predictor of CBP development, with potential for clinical translation. Cognitive and behavioral processes dependent on the right SLF, such as proprioception and visuospatial attention, should be analyzed in subacute stages as they could prove important for back pain chronicity.
Customized deep learning based Turkish automatic speech recognition system supported by language model
Authors: Görmez Yasin
Published: April 2024

Background

In today’s world, numerous applications integral to various facets of daily life include automatic speech recognition methods. Thus, the development of a successful automatic speech recognition system can significantly augment the convenience of people’s daily routines. While many automatic speech recognition systems have been established for widely spoken languages like English, there has been insufficient progress in developing such systems for less common languages such as Turkish. Moreover, due to its agglutinative structure, designing a speech recognition system for Turkish presents greater challenges compared to other language groups. Therefore, our study focused on proposing deep learning models for automatic speech recognition in Turkish, complemented by the integration of a language model.

Methods

In our study, deep learning models were formulated by incorporating convolutional neural networks, gated recurrent units, long short-term memories, and transformer layers. The Zemberek library was employed to craft the language model to improve system performance. Furthermore, the Bayesian optimization method was applied to fine-tune the hyper-parameters of the deep learning models. To evaluate the model’s performance, standard metrics widely used in automatic speech recognition systems, specifically word error rate and character error rate scores, were employed.

Results

Upon reviewing the experimental results, it becomes evident that when optimal hyper-parameters are applied to models developed with various layers, the scores are as follows: Without the use of a language model, the Turkish Microphone Speech Corpus dataset yields scores of 22.2 -word error rate and 14.05-character error rate, while the Turkish Speech Corpus dataset results in scores of 11.5 -word error rate and 4.15 character error rate. Upon incorporating the language model, notable improvements were observed. Specifically, for the Turkish Microphone Speech Corpus dataset, the word error rate score decreased to 9.85, and the character error rate score lowered to 5.35. Similarly, the word error rate score improved to 8.4, and the character error rate score decreased to 2.7 for the Turkish Speech Corpus dataset. These results demonstrate that our model outperforms the studies found in the existing literature.
Investigating mortality salience as a potential causal influence and moderator of responses to laboratory pain
Authors: You Beibei , Wen Hongwei , Jackson Todd
Published: April 2024

Background

Because pain can have profound ramifications for quality of life and daily functioning, understanding nuances in the interplay of psychosocial experiences with pain perception is vital for effective pain management. In separate lines of research, pain resilience and mortality salience have emerged as potentially important psychological correlates of reduced pain severity and increased tolerance of pain. However, to date, there has been a paucity of research examining potentially interactive effects of these factors on pain perception. To address this gap, the present experiment investigated mortality salience as a causal influence on tolerance of laboratory pain and a moderator of associations between pain resilience and pain tolerance within a Chinese sample.

Methods

Participants were healthy young Chinese adults (86 women, 84 men) who first completed a brief initial cold pressor test (CPT) followed by measures of demographics and pain resilience. Subsequently, participants randomly assigned to a mortality salience (MS) condition completed two open-ended essay questions in which they wrote about their death as well as a death anxiety scale while those randomly assigned to a control condition completed analogous tasks about watching television. Finally, all participants engaged in a delay task and a second CPT designed to measure post-manipulation pain tolerance and subjective pain intensity levels.

Results

MS condition cohorts showed greater pain tolerance than controls on the post-manipulation CPT, though pain intensity levels did not differ between groups. Moderator analyses indicated that the relationship between the behavior perseverance facet of pain resilience and pain tolerance was significantly stronger among MS condition participants than controls.

Conclusions

This experiment is the first to document potential causal effects of MS on pain tolerance and Ms as a moderator of the association between self-reported behavior perseverance and behavioral pain tolerance. Findings provide foundations for extensions within clinical pain samples.
Impact of Benzo (a) Pyrene on Thyroid Glands and their Associated Hormones of Male Mice Mus musculus
Authors: Purvia Anita Singh , Shrivastava Vinoy Kumar
Published: April 2024

Benzo [a] pyrene is the main representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and has been repeatedly found in the air, surface water, soil, and sediments. Human exposure to Benzo [a] pyrene is therefore common. Benzo (a) pyrane (BaP) which is mainly presented in newspaper ink and inhibits the function of the thyroid and other endocrine glands of the human system, due to several disorders that occur in the human body. Healthy mature male mice Mus musculus having weight of 125 ± 5 gm were used for the experiments. The effects of a Benzo (a) pyrene (0.65mg/25g body weight/twice in a week) during experimental periods of 60 and 90 days in male mice Mus musculus showed significant difference in body weights compared to control. We assessed the hormonal estimation of thyroid treated with Benzo (a) pyrene by using an appropriate ELISA assay kit and histopathological changes were observed under a light microscope (magnifications 100X) in the thyroid tissue of male mice Mus musculus exposed to BaP after 60 and 90 days. During the study, we observed that in treated mice thyroid hormone concertation was affected the structure of the thyroid follicles was disturbed and epithelial cells were necrotic compared with the control mice which indicates that the BaP may lead to changes in the thyroid morphology as well as secreted hormone concentration in exposed treated male mice.
Capital Market and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Eniekezimene Francis Ariayefa , Opuofoni Captain Ayibakari
Published: April 2024

In spite of its expected role of bridging the saving and investment gap for economic growth, the impact of the Nigerian capital market on the growth of the economy remains unclear. This study looked at the influence of the capital market on economic growth in Nigeria between 1981 and 2022, using vector autoregressive (VAR) analysis. The variables used included: real gross domestic product (RGDP), market capitalization (MCAP), total value of securities traded (TVST), and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF). The study concluded that while RGDP and MCAP influenced their own outcome as well as the outcome of other variables positively in both the short and long run, TVST and GFCF influenced their own outcome as well as the outcome of other variables negatively in both the short and long run, using the VAR system tools of impulse response function and forecast error variance decomposition. Based on the findings of this study, we recommended among others the urgent need to boost the perception of local firms listed in the Nigerian stock exchange both locally and internationally in terms of the total value of their corporate assets and performance measured by price-to-earnings, price-to-sales and return-on-equity metrics. This can be improved upon when these firms are able to increase the quality of their products and services thereby making them better competitors in the global space.
Evaluation of the Floristic, Phytosociological and Geographic Characteristics of the Understorey of an Ex-plantation of Guarrea cedrata (A Chev.) in the Yangambi DR. Congo
Authors: Bokanga Jean Trésor , Diansambu Isaac , Besisa Timothée , Bondekwe Joël , Bofango Trésor , Solia Sylvain
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the floristic diversity, phytosociological spectra and geographical characteristics of the understorey of the old abandoned plantation of the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve, using the Martineau and Blanc-étoc silvicultural methods. This was done to fill gaps in our knowledge of the latter. The experimental setup consisted of 50*50 m (Martineau method, 2023) and 50*50 m (Blanc-étoc, 2023).  All undergrowth species with a diameter of 5.0 cm or greater were inventoried using Letouzey's [1] established technique. Technical abbreviations were clearly explained upon first use. The websites www.tropicos.org and www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa and the catalogue-flora of vascular plants in the Kisangani and Tshopo districts of the DR Congo were consulted to determine the phytosociological and geographical spectrum. After analysis, it is apparent that the Strombosio-Parinarietea species carry more significance than other varieties found in Martineau and Musanga-Terminalietea in Blanc-étoc. Compared to the other vegetation types studied, our observations show that the endemic species from Guinea and Congo are more abundant in the understorey. Consequently, the study shows a complete geographical convergence, while phytosociologically there is a complete divergence between the two silvicultural methods observed.
Impact of Climate Change on Pest Biology, Behaviour and Their Distributions
Authors: Nitta Anusha , Natarajan Vijayakumari , Reddy Ankireddy Jawahar , Rakesh Thandra
Published: April 2024

Increased temperatures, rising CO2 levels, and changing precipitation patterns are influencing agricultural production. These changes can lead to the expansion of insect pests geographic distribution, increased survival during overwintering, more generations per year, altered synchrony with plants, changed interspecific interactions, higher risk of invasion by migratory pests, increased incidence of insect-transmitted plant diseases, and reduced effectiveness of biological control. There is a serious risk of economic losses in crop production. Human food security is challenged due to potential disruptions in agricultural systems. Climate change necessitates adaptive management strategies to address evolving pest dynamics. Future research should focus on developing modified integrated pest management tactics to cope with changing pest statuses. Monitoring climate and pest populations is crucial for understanding and predicting the impact of climate change on insect pests. This review examines the climate change effect on insect pest biology and behavior and explores the potential use of modern pest monitoring technologies, modeling prediction tools can aid in forecasting and planning for potential pest outbreaks. Integrated pest management (IPM) approaches should be adapted to incorporate the changing dynamics influenced by climate change. This may involve a combination of chemical, biological, cultural, and mechanical control methods.
Evaluation of Periodontitis Prevention by Using Traditional Medicinal Plants
Authors: Pillalamarri Madhavi , Harika Peddinti , Gojuvaka Sravanthi , Saba Samrin , Dasari Uma Devi , Lolla Siddhartha
Published: April 2024

Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that damages gums and can destroy the jawbone. It is a disease of the tissue surrounding the tooth structure. It's usually brought on by bad brushing and flossing practices that let plaquea sticky layer of bacteria accumulate and solidify on the teeth. The gums get swollen, red, and bleeding at first. In this perspective, the various mouth disinfection, etc. This study helps to examine the number of herbal plants to evaluate the periodontitis infection. As therapeutic and preventive measures, such as mechanical instrumentation, gingival irrigation, and oral hygiene. Lack of access to contemporary medical care is one of the primary causes of periodontitis in the global population. The present review aims to determine the pharmacological uses of a number of therapeutic herbs. Phytochemical constituents are mainly responsible for periodontitis is allicin; allin; musilage; albumin; alpha-glutamyn peptides; volatile acids; amino acids as methionine, lucine, cystine, vitamin C, demethoxycurcumin, curcuminoids, bisdemethoxycurcumin, volatile oils, tannins, flavonoids, cocumarins, phenylproponoids, naphthalene, analogs, lipids, vitamins, phytodterols. The medicinal plants which are used for the periodontitid activity are Curcuma longa, Aradiachta indica, Aloe barbadens is miller, Syzygium aromaticum, Allium sativum Cinnamomum verum, piper cubeba etc. due to their phytochemical constituents and biological active components which shows beneficial effects.
Comparative Efficacy of Different Biopesticides against the Tobacco Caterpillar [Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)]
Authors: Kumar Rishabh , Sharma S. K. , Kumari Jigyasa, Kiran , Anand Ankit
Published: April 2024

Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is an economically important polyphagous pestinflicting significant economic damage to numerous field and horticultural crops. Overreliance of chemical insecticides to manage the pest has led to the development of resistance, resurgence and residue problem in the crop ecosystems, in addition to high operating costs. Biopesticides have been reported to be effective for managing this pest in ecofriendly manner. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of different bio pesticides against S. litura under laboratory conditions at Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour, Bhagalpur during the rabi of 2022-23. It was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications.  Among the various biopesticides evaluated, Steinernema carpocapsae- 500 IJs/Petri Plate and Metarhizium anisopliae 1×108 spores/ml -5g/l were most effective treatments and at par each other with 93.00 and 82.50 per cent larval mortality, respectively. They had performed equally with chemical check, Emmamectin benzoate 5 SG- 0.4 g/l which recorded with 95.63 % larval mortality. Neem oil 1500 ppm- 5 ml/litre and Beauveria bassiana 1×108 @5ml/l were the next best treatments with 78.31 and 59.38 % larval mortality respectively. The order of efficiency was Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (0.4g/l) > EPNs (500 IJs) >Metarhizium anisopliae 1% WP (5g/l) >Neem oil 1500 ppm (5 ml/litre) >Beauveria bassiana1 % WP (5 g/l) >Metarhizium anisopliae 1 % WP (2.5 g/l) >Beauveria bassiana 1 % WP (2.5 g/l).
Multi-feature Learning Adaptive Network for Underwater Image Enhancement
Authors: Wang Qingzheng , Li Bin , Zhu Xixi
Published: April 2024

Underwater image enhancement faces variety of challenges owing to the diversity of underwater scenes (viewed as water types) and the rich multi-frequency information. To deal with these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-feature learning adaptive underwater image enhancement network comprising an adaptive module and a dual-layer synchronous enhancement network. First, we design an adaptive module which enables the determination of water type inside the model and eliminates the negative effect of water type diversity by building water type related features. Then, the model learns high-frequency and low-frequency features through a dual-layer synchronous enhancement network to extract more comprehensive information. Finally, the outputs of the dual-layer network are merged to obtain more realistic underwater enhanced images. Numerous experiments have shown that the proposed method outperforms the comparison method for visual perception and assessment metrics.
An Overview of the Biological Aspects, Nature of Damage and Strategies for Managing the Gram Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) in Chickpea: A review
Authors: War Waseem Ahmad , Rasool Jameela , Bhat Ab Ahad , Sheikh Showkat Ahmad , Hussain Khazin , M Parthiban , Fatimah Nusrat
Published: April 2024

Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera, a globally widespread and cosmopolitan insect pest, poses a significant threat to chickpea productivity worldwide. The effective management of this pest is paramount for ensuring sustainable chickpea yields. The life cycle of H. armigera spans approximately 4-5 weeks, progressing through egg, larvae, pupae and adult stages. During the initial 1st to 3rd instar larval phases, the insect primarily engages in feeding on leaves, twigs, and flowers. As the larvae advance to the 4th to 6th instar stages, they shift their focus to developing pods, creating holes or bores and consuming entire seeds. Yield losses of up to 90 percent may occur, contingent upon insect density and cultivar susceptibility. A comprehensive approach to sustainable chickpea pod borer management encompasses the utilization of resistant cultivars, strategic manipulation of sowing dates, maintaining optimal crop density, nutritional management, deployment of trap crops (such as maize, sunflower, sorghum, safflower, pigeon pea, okra and tomato), installation of animated bird perches and the application of biological control measures involving plant extracts, virus/bacteria-based insecticides and entomopathogenic nematodes. In instances of pod borer outbreaks, chemical insecticides are considered a last resort for farmers. However, the adoption of resistant cultivars, adherence to recommended cultural practices and the integration of biological control methods have proven to be more efficacious, economically viable, sustainable and environmentally friendly in the management of chickpea pod borer.
Prospecção Tecnológica: potencial terapêutico de moléculas presentes no veneno de serpentes do gênero Bothrops sp., com ênfase na espécie Bothrops jararaca
Authors: Costa Carolina Barros da , Silva Kaio Alexandre da , Miranda Márcio Rodrigues
Published: April 2024

O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar um levantamento tecnológico de documentos de patentes relacionadas às serpentes do gênero Bothrops sp., analisando os documentos relacionados para fins medicinais. Para a execução deste levantamento, foi utilizada a base de patentes Orbit Intelligence, buscando o termo “Bothrops” e direcionando a busca para fins medicinais usando a classificação de patentes A61K, sem delimitação temporal ou espacial. Foram encontradas 67 famílias de patentes, as quais possuem Brasil, China e México como os países com as maiores quantidades de depósitos de documentos de patentes. As principais instituições depositantes dos pedidos de patente foram a empresa suíça Pentapharm, a empresa brasileira Biolab Sanus Farmacêutica e a Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP). Os principais países depositantes foram o Brasil, a China e o México. Foi possível notar um predomínio de patentes mortas, arquivadas por motivos diversos, em relação às vivas (depositadas e/ou concedidas), indicando que se trata de uma área tecnológica com baixa dinâmica de inovação.
Estudo e Monitoramento Tecnológico de Esteiras para Cadeira de Rodas
Authors: Silva Josikleio da Costa , Silva Flaviano da , Carmo Carlos Henrique Alves e Silva do , Santos Katyusco de Farias
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o estudo e monitoramento tecnológico voltado para o desenvolvimento de esteiras para cadeira de rodas. Para o levantamento de dados, foi utilizada a plataforma Orbit Intelligence®, com aplicação das palavras-chave “Treadmill”, and “Wheelchair”, nos campos de busca básica e avançada (título, resumo, objeto da invenção, vantagens e reivindicações independentes). Foram realizadas análises “macro”, “meso” e “micro”, com o objetivo de extrair informações sobre as principais características tecnológicas relacionadas à esteira para cadeira de rodas. Constatou-se que os domínios tecnológicos relacionados a “móveis e jogos” foram os mais relevantes no estudo e que os Estados Unidos e a Coreia do Sul lideram em número de depósitos de patentes e cessionários.
Overexpression of HmgD causes the failure of pupariation in Drosophila by affecting ecdysone receptor pathway
Authors: Chen Jing , Wang Hui , Wang Yu‐Feng
Published: March 2008

HmgD encodes Drosophila homologue of high mobility group proteins (HMGD), which are thought to have an architectural function in chromatin organization. However, current opinions about the function of HMGD in Drosophila development are controversial. Our previous studies have shown that ubiquitous overexpression of HmgD caused the formation of melanotic tumors in the Drosophila larvae by prematurely activating the Ras‐MAPK pathway. Here we report that under maternal control, the viability of flies links with overexpression of HmgD, while under ubiquitous control, ActGal4, overexpressing HmgD animals, which display prolonged larval stages around day 13, developmentally stagnate in the larva‐white pupa transition. Ecdysone feeding did not rescue overexpressing HmgD animals. RT‐PCR analyses show that overexpression of HmgD does not affect the temporal expression pattern of ecdysone receptor gene EcR, whereas transcriptional patterns of some key regulatory genes, such as E74A, E74B, E75A, E75B, βFTZ‐F1, are changed greatly. These results suggest that ubiquitous overexpression of HmgD results in the failure of pupariation neither by affecting the process of ecdysone synthesis and release nor by abnormal EcR transcription, but by causing expression of EcR regulatory nuclear receptors out of schedule. The results led us to postulate that overexpression of HMGD likely changes the signaling cascade of Drosophila metamorphosis by an interaction between HMGD and DNA strands, and subsequently by an error of DNA binding abilities and transcriptional activities of some nuclear receptor genes. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.