bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Застосування неорганічних та органічних сполук Со, Cu та Zn за їх недостатності у дійних корів
Authors: Slivinska L.G. , Rusyn V.I. , Maksymovych I.A. , Leno M.I. , Chernushkin B.O. , Prystupa O.I.
Published: November 2017

The results of research of certain biochemical parameters of blood in dairy cows for the prevention of insufficiency of Co, Cu and Zn by inorganic and organic compounds of trace elements are presented. The purpose of the work – to investigate the state of individual biochemical parameters of blood in dairy cows when using inorganic and organic compounds Co, Cu and Zn to prevent their insufficiency. The research material was the blood serum of experimental animals, which determined the content of total protein and the percentage of albumin, total calcium content, inorganic phosphorus, aspartateaminotransferase (AST) activity, alanineaminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP).For research on dairy cows of the first experimental group, together with the feeds of the main diet, a mixture of trace elements sulphates was fed in the following ratio of components (mg/100 kg body weight): CuSO4 – 50, CoSO4 – 5, ZnSO4 – 120. Animals of the second experimental group fed a mixture of methionates and lysinates of trace elements in the following ratio of components (mg/ 100 kg of body weight): CuMet – 15, CuLis – 15, CoMet – 1, CoLis – 1, ZnMet – 35, ZnLis – 35. Feeding the mixture of compounds of fragile microelements was carried out by mixing them with mixed fodder, once a day, for 60 days. The evaluation of the research results was carried out at the beginning and at the end of the experiment.On the background of the deficit of Сobalt, Сuprum and Zinc, clinically diseased animals have hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, increased activity of AST, ALT and AP, indicating a metabolic abnormality in cows and development of microelementosis. It was established that the use of chelated cheeses in the form of methionates and lysinates of scarce microelements had a better therapeutic effect compared to inorganic compounds. The result of the application of chelate compounds of trace elements was a possible increase in the content of total protein in the blood serum, fractions of albumins, total calcium, decrease in the activity of AST, ALT and AP.
Синдроматика та стан метаболічних процесів у корів за мікроелементозів
Authors: Slivinska L. , Demydjuk S. , Shcherbatyy А.
Published: November 2017

The article analyzes the results of clinical research and the state of the indicators of the metabolism of high-yielding cows of PP «AGRO-EXPRESS-SERVICE» in the Mlynivskyi district of the Rivne region due to the lack of biogenic microelements (Co, Cu, Zn).During the clinical examination of cows, the characteristic symptoms of microelementosis (Co, Cu, Zn) were found: loss of appetite, taste distortion, pallor of visible mucous membranes (in 65 cows); rude dull hair; low-elastic skin, subcutaneous fat is not sufficiently expressed; intestinal peristalsis weakened, hypotonic prehistoras. In 95 cows, pulse rate, respiration, scarring and body temperature were on the lower limit of physiological oscillations; only 20.8% of cows had tachycardia (85–95 per 1 minute) and tachypnea (35–45 per 1 minute). In addition, in 45.8% of cows fattening below average, the constitution is dense. The productivity of animals was sharply reduced. In 33.3% of cows, the curvaceousness and shrinkage of wool were noted. In 6.8% of animals, alotriophagia was observed. Due to lack of cobalt in 15% of cows revealed symptoms of osteodystrophy: tight course, convexity of the edges, pain of the joints, softening of the tail vertebrae.The violation of the exchange of Cu, Cu, and Zn in cows was characterized by a decrease in blood serum protein content by 14.8% (P < 0.001), albumin by 28.5%; (P < 0.001), carotene by 33.3%, glucose by 21.4% (P < 0.001), reserve alkalinity by 13.7%, increase in the content of globulins by 14.6% (P < 0.001), bilirubin by 24.6%, creatinine by 17.8% (P < 0.001) and cholesterol by 27.8%.
Influence of outbreeding and inbreeding on the productive longevity of dairy cows
Authors: Babik N. P. , Fedorovych Ye. I.
Published: November 2017

The data on the indicators of the duration and effectiveness of life-time use of Holstein, Ukrainian Black and Red-and White dairy cows obtained from unrelated and different degrees of related mating are presented. The sample includes information on zootechnical records of 15 farms of different regions of Ukraine (Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Volyn, Rivne, Ternopil, Vinnytsya, Kyiv, Cherkasy, Chernihiv and Kirovograd). To assess the productive longevity of cows for each cow were examined such indicators as life expectancy, economic use and lactation, life expectancy, life expectancy of fat in milk, life expectancy of milk fat, average yields for one day of life, one day of economic use and one day of lactation, lactation coefficient. It was established that among studied livestock of dairy breeds more cows was obtained by outbreeding (Holstein breed – 62.2, Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy – 75.5 and Ukrainian Red-and-White – 76.9%). Among the inbred animals, more cows were obtained from distant and moderate degrees of family ties. At the same time, inbred animals were characterized by higher rates of productive longevity compared with outbreeds. Among the inbred animal life expectancy, lasting productive use, duration of lactation, lifetime milk yield, lifetime number of milk fat and number of lactations for the life cows of all studied species obtained by close and moderate inbreeding were the best (exception – lifetime yield of Ukrainian Black- and Red-and-White and lifelong amount of milk fat of Red-and-White animals. According to inbreeding rate less than 0.78 and more than 12.5%, there was a significant deterioration in both the duration of productive use of cows and their lifelong yields. Inbred depression was detected only in Holstein breed animals, which were obtained by close inbreeding. This indicates a significant decline in most indicators of their productive longevity. Ukrainian Black and Red-and-White dairy breeds, which were obtained through close inbreeding, the indicators of life expectancy and life expectancy, on the contrary, increased compared with outbred animals.
Effect of feeds containing different sources of manganese on certain carcass parameters of quail
Authors: Ibatullin I. I. , Holubiev M. I.
Published: November 2017

In the article, results of researches on an establishment of an optimum source of Manganese are resulted. Manganese was additionally added mixed fodder for quails grown for meat. Experimental studies conducted in terms of problem research laboratory of feed additives National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Independent experiment was conducted with growing Pharaoh Coturnix quails. We conducted a randomized block experiment with 3 treatments, each with 4 replicates of 25 growing birds (1 to 35 d of age). A diet consisting of corn, soybean and sunflower meal, wheat, fish meal, sunflower oil, premix (28% CP, 2.88 kcal of ME/g on 1 to 21d of age, 20.5% CP, 2.97 kcal of ME/g on 22 to 35 d of age) having severally Manganese sulphate, Manganese glycinate and Manganese citrate. Diets and water were offered ad libitum. After 5 weeks of dietary treatments the carcass composition (breast muscles, leg muscles, skin, subcutaneous fat, liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, gizzard) were affected by dietary treatments. Carcass weight and breast muscles was increased (P < 0.05) with organic sources of manganese in the diet. It found little effect (P = 0.053) sources of manganese in the fodder for eviscerated yield. Therefore, Manganese glycinate could be used as a good tool for improving carcass yield of quails.
Determination of the aminotransferase activity in tissues of infected with ectoparasites yearling carp
Authors: Loboiko Yu. , Barylo B. , Krushelnytska O.
Published: November 2017

The paper presents data on changes in the activity of amіnotransferase (aspartate aminotransferase – AST, alanine aminotransferase – ALT) in various organs and tissues of carp at different intensity of infestation with ectoparasites. The material for studying the activity of aminotransferases was one-year-old carp, spontaneously invasive with ectoparasites. For this purpose, twelve groups of fish were formed for 6 individuals in each, with a body weight of 38.0 ± 4.8 g. In four groups of fish (control and three experimental) for the defeat by ectoparasites L. cyprinacea, D. vastator and for mixed infestation. Our studies have shown that the activity of aminotransferases in hepatopancreas and skeletal muscles of carp significantly changes in the lesion of fish by lereneae. In particular, the activity of ALT in hepatopancreas was significantly higher compared to the control group. The tendency to increase was observed in tissues of skeletal muscles. In the study of AST activity, its growth in hepatopancreas and skeletal muscle was determined. For the defeat of fish by dactylosurus, the activity of aminotransferases in carp gills varies considerably. In particular, ALT activity in gills of fish of groups 3 and 4 was significantly higher compared to the control group. At the same time, the activity of ALT in the tissues of the hepatopancreas of the 4th experimental group was likely to increase. The tendency to increase is established in tissues of hepatopancreas and gills in the study of activity of AST. As a result of fish invasion by dactylosurus, the activity of AST in hepatopancreas increased by 1.2 times. At the same time, the growth of the AST index in the gills of the first year of carp in the 3rd and 4th groups was established. In the study of the activity of aminotransferases for mixed infestation, it was found that the activity of ALT and AST in tissues of hepatopancreas, skeletal muscles and gills of groups 2, 3 and 4 was significantly higher compared to the control group.
Effect of dietary propylene glycol or anti-ketosis supplement on biochemical parameters of cows blood plasma
Authors: Golova N. V. , Gultiaeva O. V. , Hudyma V. Yu. , Pakholkiv N. I. , Vudmaska I. V. , Petruk A. P.
Published: November 2017

Experiment was carried out in 6 groups of Ukrainian dairy black-and-white cows of 5 animals in a group. Cows were divided into 2 subgroups of 15 animals, each of one formed 3 groups: 1 control and 2 experimental. The diet of the first subgroup contains a soybean meal, and the second – a similar amount of soybean cake. To the ration of cows of 2-nd and 3-rd group propylene glycol or new developed dietary supplement were added. The trial lasted during the last month of the dry period and the first month of lactation. Addition of propylene glycol increased the concentration of glucose in the cows blood plasma (P < 0.05). Adding propylene glycol to the diet with soybean meal reduces the triacylglycerol content in the plasma by 21.22% (P < 0.05), addition of complex supplement to this diet, on the contrary, increases the content of triacylglycerols by 21.21% (P < 0.05). On the diet with soybean meal, propylene glycol and complex supplement reduced the amount of non-esterified fatty acids by 14.29% and 21.43% (P < 0.05), while with the soybean cake diet these differences were 21.22 and 40.39% (P < 0.05–0.001). Under the influence of feeding propylene glycol and the complex supplement, the total amount of ketone bodies in the blood plasma of cows consuming the soybean meal diet decreased 1.65 and 1.75 times (P < 0.001), and in the plasma of cows fed soybean cake diet 1.71 and 1.80 times (P < 0.001).
Influence of various levels of valin in the mixed fodder on the carcass composition of quails
Authors: Sychov M. , Golubeva T. , Kovalchuk V. , Poznyakovskiy Y.
Published: November 2017

The article presents the expediency of using valine in the feeding of growing quails of meat direction of productivity. The studies were conducted in the conditions of research laboratory of feed additives of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. The experiment was conducted with growing Pharaoh quails. It was selected 500 daily quails. Birds were placed in 20 cages with 25 heads in each. In the formation of analog groups, the body weight of the birds was taken into account. Quails were fed full-fledged mixed fodder, which was balanced by energy and other nutrients. The feed for the quails of the control group contained the natural level of valine, and the experimental groups – additionally L-valine according to the experimental scheme. Observed a relationship between the level of valine in feed and feed conversion (R2 = 0.7359). The most effective level of valine in mixed fodder for quail, which is grown for meat, to obtain a sufficiently large body weight with a low level of feed intake per unit of growth is at 1– 21-day age – 1.68% and at 22– 35-day age – 1.23%.
New possibilities of effective breeding in cattle based on the study of the genome
Authors: Bodnaruk V. Y. , Muzyka L. I. , Bodnar P. V. , Zhmur A.J. , Orihivsjkyj T. V.
Published: November 2017

The article contains generalized literary data on the results of genome research based on molecular genetic methods in connection with the productive qualities of cattle that can be used to accelerate and improve breeding work. The study of the human genome has given impetus to the development of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacogenetics. Similarly, new research on the genome of cattle gives qualitatively different possibilities for using these data in the selection and production of agricultural products, as well as in controlling its quality. Molecular genetic markers inform about the polymorphism of genes and allow to detect individual genes and gene complexes that carry information about a certain feature. Based on such studies, gene pool can be formed with a certain combination. An alternative way of molecular-genetic marking of performance is to study the polymorphism of structural genes, allelic variants which are directly related to the desired phenotypic manifestation, namely: kappa-casein (CSN3), veta-lactaglobulin (BLG), somatotropin (GH), and myostatin (MSTN). Modern breeding work with cattle is associated with the establishment of a connection between the polygenic signs of productivity and the «main» genes of quantitative traits, the polymorphism of which affects the final output of the protein product. As candidate genes that affect lactation productivity in cattle, first of all the genes of milk proteins, in particular kappa-casein, are examined. The gene for the somatotropic hormone (GH), a growth hormone in cattle, is a polypeptide consisting of 191 amino acids and is encoded by a single gene, which is localized in 19 chromosomes. Growth hormone plays a key role in stimulating the synthesis of protein, cell division, and body growth. Myostatin – one of the regulators of skeletal muscle development is the myostatin gene, which refers to a family of transforming growth factors. The gene of myostatin in the Bovine species is localized in chromosome 2 and carries the muscle hypertrophy locus, there is also a homologous fragment of human chromosome 2, where the locus of this gene is limited. The presence of the gene of myostatin, as one of the locus of quantitative traits of beef, can be used as a marker for genetic mapping. After discovering mutations in the gene of the myostatin, they came to the conclusion, that it is not the only gene that controls the growth and muscle mass of animals. Molecular genetic markers allow you to receive information about the polymorphism of genes and to identify individual genes and gene «ensembles» that carry the desired complex of features.
Influence of feeding management on productive indicators of rabbits for intensive growing technology
Authors: Darmohray L. M. , Luchyn I. S. , Gutyj B. V.
Published: November 2017

The results of the influence of different amounts of triticale grain in feed on productivity, feed conversion and economic parameters of young rabbits for intensive growing technology are presented. For the feeding of experimental young, full-grain granulated feed was used in the structure of which there was a different grain content of triticale: experimental group II – 10.0%, III, IV and V experimental groups – 20.0%, 30.0% and 40.0% respectively. Experimental young rabbits of the first control group fed full-range feed, which was balanced by the main nutrients. According to the results of the research, it was found that from the 2nd week fattening in rabbits of experimental groups, which received a grain of triticale in the diet, an increase in live weight was observed in comparison with the control group. During the whole period of cultivation, the highest average daily gain of live weight was observed in rabbits of experimental group IV, which was 42.5 g, which is 10.1% higher compared to control. The advantage of rabbits II, III and V of experimental groups fed 10.0%, 20.0% and 40.0% of tritiacale derivatives was 3.0, 5.7% and 1.0%, respectively, in comparison with analogues of the control group. A similar trend was observed in terms of the absolute increase in live weight. According to the indicator of integrated assessment (RBC) of young rabbits, based on the average daily gain and width of the lumbar, the highest value was found in youngsters in the IV group (277.95) for the use of mixed fodders containing 30% of the grain yield of Triticale Harroza variety in the diet. The prospects of further research concerning the influence of various amounts of the investigated feed factor on reproductive indices of rabbits are outlined.
Horse tourism and features of its organization
Authors: Kovalchuk N. A. , Sokolova G. O.
Published: November 2017

The article provides material on the organization and characteristics of equestrian tourism. The popularity of equestrian tourism is now growing rapidly throughout the world. Everywhere, campsites are built to service riders, horse-riding routes are laid. Equestrian tourism squeezes into the background many traditional types of travel. Considering the huge interest shown to equestrian tourism by various strata of the population in many countries of the world, the International Equestrian Federation has paid serious attention to this issue in recent years. Within the framework of the Federation, a special commission has been set up under the supervision of the Italian professor Vittorio de Sanctis, who has begun working out rules for conducting international horse-riding tours, hikes and runs. Horse tourism is an integral part of eco-tourism. For the organization of equestrian tourism, a proper base is needed, horses are properly trained for horse riding and saddlery, a school of instructors and methods for training tourists to care for horses and handling them, arranging training for hikers, working out routes with halts, and preparing feed for horses. Equestrian tourism in Ukraine is developing, winning more and more supporters. This type of active tourism enjoys well-deserved popularity among horseback riding enthusiasts of natural, ethnic, historical, extreme, pilgrimage, hunting, fishing, and mountain destinations. Equestrian tourism is an attractive way of spending time and studying from inside the life of the inhabitants of the country. Any rest on horses is interesting and fascinating, and everyone can take with them a positive impression. In addition, the horse is a unique live simulator. It is thanks to this ability that a method of medical riding, or hippotherapy, has emerged, which has become one of the effective ways to rehabilitate the disabled.
Principal component analysis of the exterior traits in dairy cows
Authors: Kramarenko S. , Kuzmicheva N. , Kramarenko A.
Published: November 2017

The present study was undertaken to study the relationship between different body measurements and to develop unobservable factors (latent) to define which of these measurements best represent body conformation in the dairy cows. Biometrical observations were recorded on 109 Red Steppe dairy cows randomly selected from State Enterprise «Breeding reproducer «Stepove» (Mykolayiv region, Ukraine) during the 2001–2014. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to account for the maximum portion of variation present in the original set of variables (body traits in cow) with a minimum number of composite variables through STATISTICA software. Most of the pairwise phenotypic correlations among the exterior traits in dairy cows were positive and significant. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients of the body measurements ranged from 0.215 (chest depth – cannon circumference) to 0.889 (height at withers – rump height). In factor solution of the Principal Component Analysis, two (latent) which explained 48.5% of the generalized variance were extracted. The first principal component (PC1) explained general body confirmation and explained 33.5% variation. It was represented by significant positive loading for height at withers, rump height, diagonal length from point of shoulder to pin bone, chest depth, chest circumference etc.). The second principal component (PC2) accounted for an additional 15.0% of the generalized variance and was interpreted as an indicator of body shape (e.g., endomorphic vs. ectomorphic). It was represented by significant negative loadings for height at withers, rump height, diagonal length from point of shoulder to pin bone, but significant positive loadings for chest width, chest depth, chest circumference and cannon circumference. The study also revealed that factors extracted from the present investigation could be used in breeding programs of the dairy cattle.
Association of allele variants of IGF-I, GH and PIT-1 genes with production traits of Birkivska Barvista chicken breed
Authors: Kulibaba R. O.
Published: November 2017

The article considers the questions about association between allelic variants of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH) and pituitary transcription factor-1 (PIT-1) genes with the egg productivity of the Borkovskaya Barvistaya chicken breed. Using classical PCR and PCR-RFLP methods, the PstI-polymorphism in the 5'UTR fragment of the IGF-I gene, HinfI-polymorphism in the promoter fragment of IGF-I gene, AluI-polymorphism in the fourth intron of the GH gene and indel polymorphism in the second intron of the PIT-1 gene were determined. As a result of the studies the significant differences in egg weight values on 30 weeks of life for HinfI-polymorphism in the promoter fragment of the IGF-I gene were revealed. For individuals with the C/C genotype was specific the large values of this index compared to A/A (51,7 ± 0,61 vs. 47.9 ± 0,92 respectively). For PstI-polymorphism in the 5'UTR of the IGF-I gene was shown the prevalence in the number of eggs for 12 weeks of productivity for individuals with the C1C1 genotype compared to C2C2 (65,2 ± 3,77 vs. 60,9 ± 1,33), but in this case the differences are not significantly, what can be caused by a small number of individuals with C1C1 genotype (12). There were no significant differences for other loci.
Effect of feeding chelate complexes of trace elements on the average daily balance of Cu, Zn and Mn in the organism of cows during the period of lacta-tion
Authors: Kulibaba S. V. , Dolgaya M. M. , Ionov I. A.
Published: November 2017

The questions are considered about the effect of feeding of trace elements of different types and concentrations in premixes on the average daily balance of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) in the organism of cows of Ukrainian black mottled dairy breed of the two months after calving. For the experiment, 40 cows were selected and formed four groups: one control and three experimental. The cows in the control group fed a premix of sulfate salts of copper, zinc and manganese in doses that are 100% covered their lack in a forage. Experimental animals from I, II and III groups were fed premixes with chelate complexes of Cu, Zn and Mn, which offset the deficiency of trace elements in the feed ration for 100, 50 and 25% (calculated on pure element), respectively. The diet was counted on a cow with an average live weight of 550 kg, with a daily milk yield of 20 kg 4% fat and balanced on the basis of the main nutrients in accordance with the norms. Іn the feeds, excrements, urine and milk of cows, the content of trace elements copper, zinc and manganese was determined by the standardized atomic absorption method on the spectrophotometer AAS-30 («SaglZeiss», Germany). Found a higher percentage of trace elements deposition in the body cows of feeding of chelates of copper, zinc, and manganese in the concentrations that cover their deficit in the diet in the 100% and 50% in the experimental I and II groups: Cu – 7.3% (P < 0.05) and 1.4%, Zn by 12.2% and 15.0% (P < 0.001), Mn by 13.2% (P < 0.01) and 9.0% (P < 0.05), respectively, in comparison with their sulfate salts in a 100 % dose. Based on the results of the balance study, the use in the feeding of cows during lactation of chelates of trace elements in concentrations intermediate to different experimental groups was proposed, namely – below normal their input in the form of sulfate salts on 25% for copper, 50% – zinc, and 65% – for manganese (calculated on pure element).
The needs and characteristics of feeding dairy cows
Authors: Levitskaya L. G.
Published: November 2017

The influence of feed with different contents in them in certain ratios lekarstvennogo and insoluble protein on the body of dairy cows. In particular, digestion in the rumen, digestibility of nutrients of feed, milk productivity and milk quality. Identify the differences in some indicators of digestion in the rumen of cows, the digestion of protein (carrying experience) on the background of the use of the experimental feed. In this grain component was subjected to extrusion and introduced maize, the protein which vikoristannya. Because of this, reduced the solubility of protein from 38% to 29% that is 9%. As a result, extended the time of their digestion in the rumen. So scar microflora sufficiently transformed the ammonia available for absorption of microbial protein, which has a positive impact on the processes of digestion and assimilation of nutrients and contributed to improving milk productivity in cows. The structure of the diets of both groups was identical and included: roughage is 12.5% juicy – 75.0%, concentrated to 12.5%. One fodder unit in the control group had 90.2 g digestible protein in experimental 89.6 g Sharapodinov attitude in control and experimental diets is 0,98. The ratio of mineral substances: CA : P in the control and experience is 1.6 : 1, N : S respectively of 7.3 and 6.9. On a more intensive course of metabolic processes show physiological and biochemical parameters in animals of the experimental group. Namely: reducing the amount of ammonia and the increase in the number of bacteria in the rumen. The composition of basic ration (PR), which included feed management. All experimental animals during the preparatory period received the same diet. Research in accounting period II (experienced) group – experimental mixed fodder in which to reduce the solubility of the protein component of grain (oats, barley, wheat) extrudable and additionally introduced maize grain (15%), the control group received commercial feed. Found that feeding the experimental feed, improved nitrogen metabolism in the organism of cows, heifers, which ultimately increased milk yield by 4.4% (vs. 26.3 to 25.2 kg). The reduction in feed costs and increase milk yield in cows of the experimental group resulted in a reduction of cost of 1 quintal of milk 27.1 UAH. and improve profitability by 2.3% against the control.
Effect of type feeder on productivity and preservation of piglets
Authors: Lykhach A. V. , Lykhach V. Ya. , Ivanov V. O. , Zasukha L. V.
Published: November 2017

In the world, there are many options for effective technology of growing piglets from birth to fattening. In connection with this, in today's time there is a constant improvement of the feeder for pigs with the aim of feeding an expensive superstarter feed. The purpose of the studies was to study the effect of the type of self-feeder for pigs from the beginning of training (5th day of life of the pig) to feeding super-starter mixed fodders before transferring to growth (the 35th day of life of the pig) for productive qualities (live weight, average daily increments, indicator of safety). The scientific and economic experience was conducted in the conditions of LLC «Taurian pigs» of the Kherson region. Young for the experiment received according to the scheme: the mother's form (Ukrainian meat х landrace) – the father's form (petren х dyurok). The experimental youngsters were divided into two groups: Group I used for feed of mixed fodder «Type 1» self-feeder (conventional bunker feeder) Group II – self-feeder «Type No. 2» (own advanced development) was used for feeding mixed fodder. The self-developed feeder is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, in the lower part of which there is a compartment for sorbent or flavor, closed with a perforated circular plate with a cylindrical projection, in the middle – feed cells sufficient for the pig's head to move, and in the top – a cover. And the size of the perforation is such that it prevents spillage into the compound feed compartment. According to the results of the conducted studies, it was established that the use of the first proposed improved feeder for feeding young pigs during the suckling period and the first stage of growth provided the results of live weight at the age of 35 days (III and IV test groups) by 10.8% and 17.2% above the analogues of Groups I and II, who consumed feed from a conventional bunker self-feeder, this led to the receipt of the highest average daily growth rates – by 16.7–26.2%. It is noted that the local animals with the blood of Duroc boars were marked by a little higher energy of growth. When carrying out a two-factor analysis of variance, the probable effect of an improved self-feeder and genotype on the test features was determined.
Seasonal changes of abiotic water indicators in livestock salmon fish breeding
Authors: Barylo Y. O.
Published: November 2017

The article presents data on the content and seasonal fluctuations of the basic hydrochemical parameters in the basins of the cold water farms the active reaction of water (pH), oxygen content, total organic matter content (permanganate oxidation), nutrient element (NH4+, NO3+, NO2+, PO43-), concentration of basic ions (НСО3-, SO42-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ + K+), as well as alkalinity and general hardness were determined. The results of studies to neutral indicate that in the water of the pools used pH was as close as possible (6.70–7.2). The fluctuations in the value of permanganate oxidation throughout the study period were insignificant from 2.47 g О/м3 to 3.60 g О/м3. The alkalinity of the water fluctuated within the limits of 0.88–1.17 mg-ekv/l. It was foundout that the water in the basins was not polluted with nitrates (NO3+), the nitrites (NO2+) were in meager quantities: 0.001–0.004 mgN/l. The content of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+) was negligible – 0.013–0.023 mgN/l. The content of the main anions in the water varied a little over the seasons, but it did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations. The concentration of iron in the aquatic environment of the basins studied was in the range of 0.30–0.40 mgFe/liter. The index of total hardness during the study period was the lowest in the spring (1.93 mg ekv/l), and the it was in highest summer 2.47 mg eq./L. The water temperature is basically suitable for growing salmon species. The oxygen level for the investigated period was in the range of fluctuations from 7 to 10 mg/l. It was established that the basic hydrochemical parameters characterizing the water quality in the basins are in line with the fishery rules for the cultivation of the salmon species.
Dependence of productive longevity of cows on their index of origin
Authors: Poslavska Y. V. , Fedorovych Y. I. , Bodnar P. V.
Published: November 2017

The data on the duration and effectiveness of lifetime use of Ukrainian Black-Spotted breeds of dairy cows and their influence on these indices of the index of origin are given. The research was conducted at the Ltd «Milk Rivers» in the Sokalj district, Lviv region. Retrospective analysis of productive longevity of cows was carried out on materials of zootechnical records. The index of the origin of cows was defined as the average value for the best lactation of their female ancestors (mothers, mothers of mothers and parents' mothers). It was established that cows with different index of origin differed in duration and efficiency of life-long use. The longest life expectancy, productive use and lactation, the highest life expectancy, the lifetime of milk fat, the greater number of lactation per life and the coefficient of economic use were animals with an index of origin of up to 4500 kg of milk, and the average lifetime fat in milk- individuals who have these indices were in the range 5500–6000 kg of milk. Better for milk yield for one day of life, productive use and lactation and the amount of milk fat for one day of life and productive use were cows with an index of origin of over 7000 kg of milk, and in the amount of milk fat for one day of lactation – individuals with a magnitude of this index of 6500–7000 kg of milk. Of particular interest for breeding of dairy cattle is the clarification of the links between the indicators of the duration and effectiveness of life-time use of cows with the milk productivity of their female ancestors, in particular with an index of origin. The correlation coefficients between the investigated indicators ranged from low negative (-0.003) to moderate positive values (+0.279). By the level of connection, the greatest predicted value was yields and the amount of milk fat for one day of life, productive use and lactation. One-factor dispersion analysis has established a different degree of influence of the index of origin of cows on the indicators of their productive longevity. The lowest influence of this indicator was observed on life expectancy, productive use and lactation, life expectancy, average lifetime fat content in milk and the lifetime of milk fat, yields and the amount of milk fat per day of life, the number of lactation per life and the coefficient of economic use of cows. At the same time, it should be noted that this influence on the average lifetime content of fat in milk, yields and the amount of milk fat per day of life was reliable (P < 0.05–0.01). The highest and most probable effect of the index of origin was on yields and the amount of milk fat per day of productive use and lactation (ηx2=23.41–30.17%).
Dairy productivity of Simmental breed cows depending on their live weight during growing period
Authors: Fedorovych V. V.
Published: November 2017

One of the main factors for effective breeding is the level of growth of repair young animals, which at all ages has a significant impact on animal health and their future productivity, duration of economic use and largely determines the efficiency of the dairy farming industry. It is important to know the potential capabilities of each animal's body since its birth, since the genetically programmed productivity of cows can only be realized if they are favorably grown at different ages at a young age. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to study the dependence of the milk productivity of the Simmental breed cows on their live weight during the period of growing. The research was carried out at LCC «Litinske», Drohobych district of Lviv region. The live weight of cows was studied at the age of 6, 12, 18 months, at the first insemination and after the first calving, and the assessment of milk productivity was carried out on the basis of diet, the fat content of milk and the amount of milk fat for the first, second, third and best lactation on the materials of the primary zootechnical accounting. It was established that the milk yield of cows, depending on lactation, were within the range of 3026.4–3685.8 kg, the fat content of milk – within 3.76–3.80% and the amount of milk fat – within the range of 113.6–139.8 kg. The live weight of the experimental animals at birth was 32.5, at 6 months – 185.9, in 12 months – 302.3, in 18 months – 405.2, at the first insemination – 396.9 and in the first calving – 514.7 kg It should be noted that the first fertile insemination of Simmental heifers occurred at the age of 19.7 months, and their first calving – at the age of 29.0 months. The highest diet and the amount of milk fat in cows were observed for their live weight at birth 33–34 kg, at 6 months of age – 171–190, in 12 months – 291–300, in 18 months – 401–415, at the first insemination – 416–430 and in the first calving – 501–530 kg. The correlation coefficients of the live weight of animals at young age and their subsequent milk productivity, depending on the age and lactation of the animals, were within the range of 0.18–0.24, and the influence of live weight of heifers on their subsequent milk productivity – within 12.3–20.1%.
The study of water quality of Zubra River using bioindication and biotesting
Authors: Tsvilynyuk O. N. , Yarynyuch U. M. , Dumych O. Y. , Dżura N. М. , Dżura N. М. , Savytska O. N.
Published: November 2017

A small Zubra River belongs to the Dnieper river basin. A riverbed of the Zubra River within the city of Lviv is contaminated with household sewage from the sewage network of the district. Bioindication was used  to determine the quality of  Zubra river water. Besides, phytotesting was also used, in particular we were selecting a sensitive test-object among annual plants, which would indicate by their parameters the level of the Zubra River pollution. Water samples were taken at two stations: sampling place No 1 – from the main riverbed of the Zubra River, which flows out from under the ground and flows through open collector from an intersection of Khutorivka and Ghotkevych Streets and sampling place No 2 – at the turning point of the main riverbed from Khotkevych Street to the village of Zubra. The Zubra River on the section from Khutorivka Street to the forest-park area near the Hnat Hotkevych Street is constantly polluted by the household-fecal drains from the district sewage network. A research of water quality by chemical methods showed that the content of ammonia, nitrates, chlorides in sampling place No 2 is slightly higher than at the origins of the river. An assessment of water quality using an index of species richness by zooplankton and the growth parameters of rape sprouts indicate that complex pollution of  the Zubra River water is higher on sampling point No 2. Thus, the index of species richness by zooplankton can be successfully used for bioindication, and winter rape sprouts can be considered a good object for phytotesting of water quality in a reservoir.
Research of main problems of the natural reservoir fund of the Lviv region and the ways of their solvency
Authors: Nahirniak T. B. , Kalyn B. M.
Published: November 2017

Preservation of genetic, species and ecosystem biodiversity is one of the most important tasks of the world community for achieving balanced development. The features of regional development and basic problems of the naturally-protected fund of the Lviv area are considered in the article. It is substantiated that the problem of optimization of the natural environment, and in particular the lands of the nature reserve fund, is extremely relevant and needs to be solved. The functionally-spatial features of land-tenure (structure of lands) and distribution of the protected objects and territories within the limits of Lviv region testify to subzero part of the protected territories of the multifunctional setting, a few of large area of the protected territories, absolute majority from that belong to forest, and presence of plenty of the shallow point protected objects that can’t to a full degree provide maintenance of genetic and landscape variety. Such a situation necessitates the activation of the creation of new territories and objects of the natural reserve fund in the region, taking into account its natural geographic zoning, territorial features of vegetation, flora, fauna and landscapes, as well as prospects for the development of the ecological network as a holistic system of natural and semi-natural territories. It is determined that the share of objects of the reserve fund from the total area of the region, the diversity of natural landscapes and plant communities, the territorial structure of the protected areas is not fully in line with international standards. For the effective functioning and development of the reserve fund of the region, a complex of optimization measures was proposed, in particular, the network expansion and the enhancement of the representativeness of protected areas, including multifunctional purposes, optimization of land use, implementation of renaturalization, and raising the ecological and educational level of the population.
Ecological and economic aspects of rational use and protection of land resources in Ukraine
Authors: Nahirniak T. B. , Grabovsky R. S. , Hrytsyna M. R.
Published: November 2017

The current state of land use in Ukraine is characterized by high agricultural development and land cultivation. The predominant share in the total land stock of Ukraine is occupied by agricultural land (70.8% of the country's territory). Ukraine accounts for about 0.45% of the world land fund, while arable land occupies 2.4% of its world-wide area. According to resource-based indicators of land use Ukraine is also characterized by an extremely high level of development of living space and only about 8% of the territory can be attributed to anthropogenically unchanged. Ecological and economic aspects of land use include of rational land use, which characterizes the optimal involvement of all lands in economic circulation and their effective use for the main purpose, creation of favorable conditions for increasing productivity of agricultural land and obtaining from the unit of area the maximum amount of products at the lowest cost of labor and funds. The article substantiates that degradation of soils has its own characteristics, caused by various factors and processes. It is established that the practice of land use and the state of study of the above problems will require further study of the preconditions for the development of land degradation processes caused by the main factors: human economic activity and climatic and relief-ground conditions. The existing system of land protection in agriculture due to the influence of a number of natural and economic factors, as well as insufficient attention from the state does not ensure their rational use. Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to an integrated system of protection of agricultural land.
Comparative characteristics of age-3–4 rainbow trout females reared in the conditions of the industrial fish farm «Sloboda-Banyliv»
Authors: Mendryhsora P. D. , Kurynenko G. A. , Mruk A. I.
Published: November 2017

Rational management of the trout economy requires the creation of high-quality productive uterine herds, which should maximally meet the requirements of farms in healthy life-sustaining landing material. However, numerous factors (high level of inbreeding, uncontrolled interbreeding of various tribal groups of fish, etc.) lead to a gradual decrease in reproductive parameters, degradation of breeding qualities and a decrease in the resistance of fish to diseases or adverse external factors of the environment. Therefore, the combination of research on phenotypic and productive features with genetic control at present is an advanced and necessary direction in domestic trout management. Selective-breeding works on the formation of rainbow trout brood stocks have been performed. It was found that the brood fish reared in the conditions of the industrial fish farm «Sloboda-Banyliv» despite instable rearing conditions were characterized by moderate growth rate and had high values of productive and reproductive features. The mean weight of age-3 rainbow trout females 1282.5 g. This parameter in age-4 fish was higher by 39.8%. Working fecundity of age-3 females 3.48 thousand eggs, in age-4 fish it was higher by 1.09 thousand eggs. Mean weights of eggs were 239.7 and 340.8 g, respectively; individual parameter of eggs increased with age by 6.7% in weight and by 1.9% by diameter.
Milk yield and metabolic processes in cows during the usage of the biosprint drug in the diet structure
Authors: Kharko M. V. , Denkovich B. S. , Pivtorak Y. I. , Naumyuk A. S. , Petryshak R. A. , Holodyuk Y. P.
Published: November 2017

In recent years, a significant part of milk has been produced in farms of various organizational forms, mainly using feeds of their own production. At the same time, there are a number of problems, the solution of which affects the yield, quality and value of products, as well as future prospects in this industry. Scientific research has shown that the intensification of such an industry as dairy farming first of all depends on a strong forage base of the farm. In addition, lactating cows do not need generic feed, but a diet balanced in compliance with detailed rules. Their use makes it possible to increase milk yield by 20 and more percent. Therefore, when organizing a comprehensive feeding, it is necessary to take into account the features of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, mineral and vitamin nutrition. However, even a fully balanced ration does not guarantee the desired effectiveness. In this regard, a variety of feed additives of a natural substance, which also include supplements with probiotic action, deserve a special attention in the system of nutrition. One of these is the Biosprint microbial additive, which contains living yeast cultures (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MUCL strain, 39885) and belongs to the group of biotic additives. This research is based on the need for the optimization of the limited feeding of milk cows through the use of the Biosprint feed additive in addition to a semi-concentrated type of feeding. Based on the conducted test use (90 days), it is necessary to determine the additive’s effect on the rumen digestion processes, milk yield and qualitative indicators of milk and to determine its optimal content in the diet. It was established that feeding the Biosprint additive as part of the diet contributed to the improvement of the intensity of metabolic processes in cows, in particular, in the rumen. The assumed growth of the number of amylo- and cellulolytic and proteolytic bacteria was detected, which contributed to their enzyme activity and, in turn, led to an intensive hydrolysis of carbohydrate feeds, as a result of which an assumed growth of VFAs as milk fat precursors occurred. Positive results were obtained in terms of the value of milk yield of cows in study groups in comparison with the control group across average daily milk yield by 1.2–2 kg, which constitutes a growth of 5.5–9.2%.There was a stable tendency towards an increase of fat content in milk by 0.05–0.1% and protein by 0.02–0.03%, which indicates an improvement in milk quality. Summing up, conducted study focused on the evaluation of the productive effect of the Biosprint drug on the milk yield of cows and the qualitative indicators of milk make a case for the expediency of the use of the above in the diet structure when feeding milk cows.