bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abiotic synthesis of graphite in hydrothermal vents
Authors: Estes Emily R. , Berti Debora , Coffey Nicole R. , Hochella Michael F. , Wozniak Andrew S. , Luther George W.
Published: November 2019

Deciphering the origin, age, and composition of deep marine organic carbon remains a challenge in understanding the dynamics of the marine carbon cycle. In particular, the composition of aged organic carbon and what allows its persistence in the deep ocean and in sediment is unresolved. Here, we observe that both high and low temperature hydrothermal vents at the 9° 50′ N; 104° 17.5 W East Pacific Rise (EPR) vent field are a source for (sub)micron-sized graphite particles. We demonstrate that commonly applied analytical techniques for quantification of organic carbon detect graphite. These analyses thereby classify graphite as either dissolved or particulate organic carbon, depending on the particle size and filtration method, and overlook its relevance as a carbon source to the deep ocean. Settling velocity calculations indicate the potential for these (sub)micron particles to become entrained in the buoyant plume and distributed far from the vent fields. Thus, our observations provide direct evidence for hydrothermal vents acting as a source of old carbon to the deep ocean.
Neural representations of honesty predict future trust behavior
Authors: Bellucci Gabriele , Molter Felix , Park Soyoung Q.
Published: November 2019

Theoretical accounts propose honesty as a central determinant of trustworthiness impressions and trusting behavior. However, behavioral and neural evidence on the relationships between honesty and trust is missing. Here, combining a novel paradigm that successfully induces trustworthiness impressions with functional MRI and multivariate analyses, we demonstrate that honesty-based trustworthiness is represented in the posterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and intraparietal sulcus. Crucially, brain signals in these regions predict individual trust in a subsequent social interaction with the same partner. Honesty recruited the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), and stronger functional connectivity between the VMPFC and temporoparietal junction during honesty encoding was associated with higher trust in the subsequent interaction. These results suggest that honesty signals in the VMPFC are integrated into trustworthiness beliefs to inform present and future social behaviors. These findings improve our understanding of the neural representations of an individual’s social character that guide behaviors during interpersonal interactions.
Locally collective hydrogen bonding isolates lead octahedra for white emission improvement
Authors: Cui Bin-Bin , Han Ying , Huang Bolong , Zhao Yizhou , Wu Xianxin , Liu Lang , Cao Guangyue , Du Qin , Liu Na , Zou Wei , Sun Mingzi , Wang Lin , Liu Xinfeng , Wang Jianpu , Zhou Huanping , Chen Qi
Published: November 2019

As one of next-generation semiconductors, hybrid halide perovskites with tailorable optoelectronic properties are promising for photovoltaics, lighting, and displaying. This tunability lies on variable crystal structures, wherein the spatial arrangement of halide octahedra is essential to determine the assembly behavior and materials properties. Herein, we report to manipulate their assembling behavior and crystal dimensionality by locally collective hydrogen bonding effects. Specifically, a unique urea-amide cation is employed to form corrugated 1D crystals by interacting with bromide atoms in lead octahedra via multiple hydrogen bonds. Further tuning the stoichiometry, cations are bonded with water molecules to create a larger spacer that isolates individual lead bromide octahedra. It leads to zero-dimension (0D) single crystals, which exhibit broadband ‘warm’ white emission with photoluminescence quantum efficiency 5 times higher than 1D counterpart. This work suggests a feasible strategy to modulate the connectivity of octahedra and consequent crystal dimensionality for the enhancement of their optoelectronic properties.
Behavioural plasticity and the transition to order in jackdaw flocks
Authors: Ling Hangjian , Mclvor Guillam E. , Westley Joseph , van der Vaart Kasper , Vaughan Richard T. , Thornton Alex , Ouellette Nicholas T.
Published: November 2019

Collective behaviour is typically thought to arise from individuals following fixed interaction rules. The possibility that interaction rules may change under different circumstances has thus only rarely been investigated. Here we show that local interactions in flocks of wild jackdaws (Corvus monedula) vary drastically in different contexts, leading to distinct group-level properties. Jackdaws interact with a fixed number of neighbours (topological interactions) when traveling to roosts, but coordinate with neighbours based on spatial distance (metric interactions) during collective anti-predator mobbing events. Consequently, mobbing flocks exhibit a dramatic transition from disordered aggregations to ordered motion as group density increases, unlike transit flocks where order is independent of density. The relationship between group density and group order during this transition agrees well with a generic self-propelled particle model. Our results demonstrate plasticity in local interaction rules and have implications for both natural and artificial collective systems.
Menstrual cycle associated changes in hormone-related gene expression in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer
Authors: Haynes Ben P. , Ginsburg Ophira , Gao Qiong , Folkerd Elizabeth , Afentakis Maria , Buus Richard , Quang Le Hong , Thi Han Pham , Khoa Pham Hong , Dinh Nguyen Van , To Ta Van , Clemons Mark , Holcombe Chris , Osborne Caroline , Evans Abigail , Skene Anthony , Sibbering Mark , Rogers Clare , Laws Siobhan , Noor Lubna , Smith Ian E. , Dowsett Mitch
Published: November 2019

The major changes in hormone levels that occur through the menstrual cycle have been postulated to affect the expression of hormone-regulated and proliferation-associated genes (PAGs) in premenopausal ER+ breast cancer. Whilst previous studies have demonstrated differences in gene expression, here, we investigated if there are within patient changes in the expression of oestrogen- and progesterone-regulated genes (ERGs and PRGs) and PAGs in ER+ breast cancer during the menstrual cycle. Samples from 96 patients in two independent prospective studies of the effect of menstrual cycle on ER+ breast cancer were used. Plasma hormone measurements were used to assign tumours to one of three pre-defined menstrual cycle windows: W1 (days 27–35 and 1–6; low oestradiol and low progesterone), W2 (days 7–16; high oestradiol and low progesterone) and W3 (days 17–26; intermediate oestradiol and high progesterone). RNA expression of 50 genes, including 27 ERGs, 11 putative PRGs and seven PAGs was measured. The AvERG (geomean of PGR, GREB1, TFF1 and PDZK1) was used as a composite measure of ERG expression and showed significant changes between the three windows of the menstrual cycle increasing over 2.2-fold between W1 and W2 and decreasing between W2 and W3 and between W3 and W1. Proliferation gene expression also varied significantly, following the same pattern of changes as ERG expression, but the changes were of lower magnitude (1.4-fold increase between W1 and W2). Significant changes in the expression of eight individual ERGs, including GREB1, PGR and TFF1, and two PAGs were observed between W1 and either W2 or W3 with all genes showing higher levels in W2 or W3 (1.3–2.4-fold; FDR 0.016–0.05). The AvProg, a composite measure of PRG expression, increased significantly (1.5-fold) in W3 compared to W1 or W2 but no significant changes were observed for individual PRGs. In conclusion, we observed significant changes in ERG, PRG and PAG expression in ER+ breast tumours during the menstrual cycle that may affect the assessment and interpretation of prominent biomarkers (e.g. PgR) and commonly used multigene prognostic signatures in premenopausal ER+ breast cancer.
Highly transparent conductors for optical and microwave access to spin-based quantum systems
Authors: Staacke Robert , John Roger , Kneiß Max , Grundmann Marius , Meijer Jan
Published: November 2019

Spin-based quantum systems are among the best sensors in terms of sensitivity and spatial resolution for a variety of physical properties. A key factor to broaden the range of applications is the control over the microwave field used to manipulate the quantum system. We present the implementation of a transparent microwave conductor, suitable for optical read-out of a spin-based quantum sensor. For this, the interaction of an indium tin oxide (ITO) strip line on diamond with nitrogen vacancy centres was investigated. The amorphous ITO can be fabricated at room temperature, has a transmittance larger than 80% in the visible spectrum and a low resistivity. We show that these strip lines are completely scalable which enables highly homogeneous microwave fields from the nanometre up to the millimetre scale. ITO structures can therefore serve as excellent transparent microwave conductors, widening the current use of spin-based quantum sensors.
The effect of combined application of Streptomyces rubrogriseus HDZ-9-47 with soil biofumigation on soil microbial and nematode communities
Authors: Jin Na , Lu Xiuliang , Wang Xueyan , Liu Qian , Peng Deliang , Jian Heng
Published: November 2019

Meloidogyne incognita causes significant damage to many different crops. Previous studies showed that Streptomyces rubrogriseus HDZ-9-47 is a promising biocontrol agent. Combining it with biofumigation improved its efficacy against M. incognita. In the present study, the reason for the improved efficacy of the combination was investigated by analyzing its impact on both the soil microbial and the nematode communities in the field. The results showed that the combined application reduced root galls by 41% and its control efficacy was greater than each treatment alone. Cultivation-based analyses showed that the combination treatment affected the soil microbial community. Actinomycetes and bacterial densities were negatively correlated with the root knot score. In contrast, the fungal densities were positively correlated with the root knot score. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results showed that the combination of S. rubrogriseus HDZ-9-47 and biofumigation enriched beneficial microbes and reduced certain soil-borne fungal phytopathogens, thereby enhancing the efficacies of both S. rubrogriseus HDZ-9-47 and biofumigation against M. incognita. And HDZ-9-47 could colonize in soil. The total abundance of nematode and plant parasites, the ratio of soil fungivore nematode to fungivore plus bacterivore nematode, and the nematode diversity indices all decreased with the combination treatment. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that combined application of HDZ-9-47 with biofumigation was a useful and effective approach to suppress M. incognita by manipulating soil microbial communities in field.
Somatic mutation profiling and HER2 status in KRAS-positive Chinese colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Dong Zhouhuan , Kong Linghong , Wan Zhiyi , Zhu Fengwei , Zhong Mei , Lv Yali , Zhao Po , Shi Huaiyin
Published: November 2019

KRAS is an independent negative predictor for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) treatment in colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, 30% to 50% of CRC patients are KRAS-positive and do not benefit from anti-EGFR therapy. In this study, we investigated the mutational features and clinical significance of KRAS-positive Chinese CRC patients. A total of 139 Chinese CRC patients who received clinical KRAS testing (Sanger sequencing) were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Fifty KRAS-positive specimens were further detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The most prevalent mutation in KRAS was G12D (46%), followed by G12V (20%), and G13D (18%). In addition to KRAS, 72 unique alterations in another 12 genes were also detected. The most common mutated genes were TP53 (62%), APC (46%), and PIK3CA (22%). The proportion of HER2 amplifications in KRAS-positive CRC patients was 4.4%, which was lower than that in KRAS -negative CRC patients (14.3%). No relationship was found between HER2 amplification and KRAS status (p = 0.052). However, the odds ratio is very low (0.279). In addition, these gene mutations were not significantly associated with age, sex, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, mismatch repair–deficient, or tumor differentiation. However, TP53 mutations were more prevalent in colon cancer with KRAS mutations than in rectal cancer (75.0% vs 28.6%, respectively, p = 0.004). The negative predictive value of the IHC analysis for predicting HER2 amplification reached to 98.39%, while the positive predictive value reached only 50%. Overall, the mutation profiling of Chinese CRC patients with KRAS mutations is different from that of Western CRC patients. Our results will help us to understand the molecular features of Chinese CRC patients.
An assessment of irrigated rice production energy efficiency and environmental footprint with in-field and off-field rice straw management practices
Authors: Nguyen-Van-Hung  , Sander Bjoern Ole , Quilty James , Balingbing Carlito , Castalone Angeli Grace , Romasanta Ryan , Alberto Ma Carmelita R. , Sandro Joseph M. , Jamieson Craig , Gummert Martin
Published: November 2019

The research provided scientific evidences for improved rice straw management. Rice cultivation with in-field burning of rice straw is the worst option with the lowest energy efficiency and highest air pollution emission. This article comprises a comparative assessment of energy efficiency and the environmental footprint of rice production using four different rice straw management scenarios, namely, straw retained, straw burned, partial straw removal, and complete straw removal. Paddy yield, grain quality, and energy balance were assessed for two seasons while greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) were measured weekly starting from land preparation through to the cropping and fallow period. Despite the added energy requirements in straw collection and transport, the use of collected rice straw for mushroom production can increase the net energy obtained from rice production systems by 10–15% compared to burning straw in the field. Partial and complete removal of rice straw reduces GHGE by 30% and 40% compared to complete straw retention, respectively.
Assessing the interplay between human mobility and mosquito borne diseases in urban environments
Authors: Massaro Emanuele , Kondor Daniel , Ratti Carlo
Published: November 2019

Urbanization drives the epidemiology of infectious diseases to many threats and new challenges. In this research, we study the interplay between human mobility and dengue outbreaks in the complex urban environment of the city-state of Singapore. We integrate both stylized and mobile phone data-driven mobility patterns in an agent-based transmission model in which humans and mosquitoes are represented as agents that go through the epidemic states of dengue. We monitor with numerical simulations the system-level response to the epidemic by comparing our results with the observed cases reported during the 2013 and 2014 outbreaks. Our results show that human mobility is a major factor in the spread of vector-borne diseases such as dengue even on the short scale corresponding to intra-city distances. We finally discuss the advantages and the limits of mobile phone data and potential alternatives for assessing valuable mobility patterns for modeling vector-borne diseases outbreaks in cities.
Aspirin enhances cisplatin sensitivity of resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma stem-like cells by targeting mTOR-Akt axis to repress migration
Authors: Khan Poulami , Bhattacharya Apoorva , Sengupta Debomita , Banerjee Shruti , Adhikary Arghya , Das Tanya
Published: November 2019

Conventional chemotherapeutic regimens are unable to prevent metastasis of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) thereby leaving cancer incurable. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the origin of this therapeutic limitation. In the present study we report that the migration potential of NSCLCs is linked to its CSC content. While cisplatin alone fails to inhibit the migration of CSC-enriched NSCLC spheroids, in a combination with non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAID) aspirin retards the same. A search for the underlying mechanism revealed that aspirin pre-treatment abrogates p300 binding both at TATA-box and initiator (INR) regions of mTOR promoter of CSCs, thereby impeding RNA polymerase II binding at those sites and repressing mTOR gene transcription. As a consequence of mTOR down-regulation, Akt is deactivated via dephosphorylation at Ser473 residue thereby activating Gsk3β that in turn causes destabilization of Snail and β-catenin, thus reverting epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, alone aspirin fails to hinder migration since it does not inhibit the Integrin/Fak pathway, which is highly activated in NSCLC stem cells. On the other hand, in aspirin pre-treated CSCs, cisplatin stalls migration by hindering the integrin pathway. These results signify the efficacy of aspirin in sensitizing NSCLC stem cells towards the anti-migration effect of cisplatin. Cumulatively, our findings raise the possibility that aspirin might emerge as a promising drug in combinatorial therapy with the existing chemotherapeutic agents that fail to impede migration of NSCLC stem cells otherwise. This may consequently lead to the advancement of remedial outcome for the metastatic NSCLCs.
Hydrodynamic controls on connectivity of the high commercial value shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846) in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Quattrocchi Giovanni , Sinerchia Matteo , Colloca Francesco , Fiorentino Fabio , Garofalo Germana , Cucco Andrea
Published: November 2019

In the Strait of Sicily (SoS), a wide passage of the Mediterranean Sea, Parapenaeus longirostris, (Lucas, 1846; DPS hereafter) is the main target species of trawl fisheries, with an estimated annual market value of about 80 million euro. The exploitation of this resource is shared between Italian, Tunisian and Maltese bottom trawlers and its management raises social, economic and environmental interests. Recent stock assessment revealed high fishing mortalities and low size at first capture, thus promoting the adoption of a strategic plan for a sustainable management. However, the current knowledge of the geographical boundaries of the stock, supporting  the implementation of such management plan is still poor. In this respect, under different hydrodynamic regimes, particle-tracking modelling was used to explore connectivity between both, known and unexplored, spawning and nursery areas of DPS in the SoS. Ensembles scenarios derived by model outcomes displayed decadal changes in connectivity between spawning and nursery areas in the north side of the SoS, hence confirming the presence of a single stock in this area. Expanding the area of investigation, the model results showed weak connectivity between spawning ground in the north side of SoS and nurseries on the African shelf-break. This method could support the spatial management of the stock, such as the protection of the nursery and spawning areas, by providing estimates of how connectivity is influenced by hydrodynamic regimes at different temporal and spatial scales.
Deep learning segmentation of major vessels in X-ray coronary angiography
Authors: Yang Su , Kweon Jihoon , Roh Jae-Hyung , Lee Jae-Hwan , Kang Heejun , Park Lae-Jeong , Kim Dong Jun , Yang Hyeonkyeong , Hur Jaehee , Kang Do-Yoon , Lee Pil Hyung , Ahn Jung-Min , Kang Soo-Jin , Park Duk-Woo , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong-Wook , Park Seung-Jung
Published: November 2019

X-ray coronary angiography is a primary imaging technique for diagnosing coronary diseases. Although quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) provides morphological information of coronary arteries with objective quantitative measures, considerable training is required to identify the target vessels and understand the tree structure of coronary arteries. Despite the use of computer-aided tools, such as the edge-detection method, manual correction is necessary for accurate segmentation of coronary vessels. In the present study, we proposed a robust method for major vessel segmentation using deep learning models with fully convolutional networks. When angiographic images of 3302 diseased major vessels from 2042 patients were tested, deep learning networks accurately identified and segmented the major vessels in X-ray coronary angiography. The average F1 score reached 0.917, and 93.7% of the images exhibited a high F1 score > 0.8. The most narrowed region at the stenosis was distinctly captured with high connectivity. Robust predictability was validated for the external dataset with different image characteristics. For major vessel segmentation, our approach demonstrated that prediction could be completed in real time with minimal image preprocessing. By applying deep learning segmentation, QCA analysis could be further automated, thereby facilitating the use of QCA-based diagnostic methods.
Unraveling nonlinear electrophysiologic processes in the human visual system with full dimension spectral analysis
Authors: Nguyen Kien Trong , Liang Wei-Kuang , Lee Victor , Chang Wen-Sheng , Muggleton Neil G. , Yeh Jia-Rong , Huang Norden E. , Juan Chi-Hung
Published: November 2019

Natural sensory signals have nonlinear structures dynamically composed of the carrier frequencies and the variation of the amplitude (i.e., envelope). How the human brain processes the envelope information is still poorly understood, largely due to the conventional analysis failing to quantify it directly. Here, we used a recently developed method, Holo-Hilbert spectral analysis, and steady-state visually evoked potential collected using electroencephalography (EEG) recordings to investigate how the human visual system processes the envelope of amplitude-modulated signals, in this case with a 14 Hz carrier and a 2 Hz envelope. The EEG results demonstrated that in addition to the fundamental stimulus frequencies, 4 Hz amplitude modulation residing in 14 Hz carrier and a broad range of carrier frequencies covering from 8 to 32 Hz modulated by 2 Hz amplitude modulation are also found in the two-dimensional frequency spectrum, which have not yet been recognized before. The envelope of the stimulus is also found to dominantly modulate the response to the incoming signal. The findings thus reveal that the electrophysiological response to amplitude-modulated stimuli is more complex than could be revealed by, for example, Fourier analysis. This highlights the dynamics of neural processes in the visual system.
Maternal and early postnatal immune activation produce sex-specific effects on autism-like behaviors and neuroimmune function in mice
Authors: Carlezon William A. , Kim Woori , Missig Galen , Finger Beate C. , Landino Samantha M. , Alexander Abigail J. , Mokler Emery L. , Robbins James O. , Li Yan , Bolshakov Vadim Y. , McDougle Christopher J. , Kim Kwang-Soo
Published: November 2019

Increasing evidence suggests a role for inflammation in neuropsychiatric conditions including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental syndrome with higher prevalence in males than females. Here we examined the effects of early-life immune system activation (EIA)—comprising regimens of prenatal, early postnatal, or combined (“two-hit”) immune activation—on the core behavioral features of ASD (decreased social interaction, increased repetitive behavior, and aberrant communication) in C57BL/6J mice. We treated timed-pregnant mice with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) on gestational day 12.5 to produce maternal immune activation (MIA). Some offspring also received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on postnatal day 9 to produce postnatal immune activation (PIA). EIA produced disruptions in social behavior and increases in repetitive behaviors that were larger in males than in females. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) were altered in both sexes. Molecular studies revealed that EIA also produced prominent sex-specific changes in inflammation-related gene expression in the brain. Whereas both sexes showed increases in pro-inflammatory factors, as reflected by levels of mRNA and protein, expression of anti-inflammatory factors was decreased in males but increased in females. Our findings demonstrate that EIA can produce sex-specific behavioral effects and immune responses in the brain, and identify molecular processes that may contribute to resilience in females.
Author Correction: STIM1-dependent Ca2+ signaling regulates podosome formation to facilitate cancer cell invasion
Authors: Chen Yun-Wen , Lai Chieh-Shan , Chen Yih-Fung , Chiu Wen-Tai , Chen Hong-Chen , Shen Meng-Ru
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Deep-UV excitation fluorescence microscopy for detection of lymph node metastasis using deep neural network
Authors: Matsumoto Tatsuya , Niioka Hirohiko , Kumamoto Yasuaki , Sato Junya , Inamori Osamu , Nakao Ryuta , Harada Yoshinori , Konishi Eiichi , Otsuji Eigo , Tanaka Hideo , Miyake Jun , Takamatsu Tetsuro
Published: November 2019

Deep-UV (DUV) excitation fluorescence microscopy has potential to provide rapid diagnosis with simple technique comparing to conventional histopathology based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. We established a fluorescent staining protocol for DUV excitation fluorescence imaging that has enabled clear discrimination of nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and cytoplasm. Fluorescence images of metastasis-positive/-negative lymph nodes of gastric cancer patients were used for patch-based training with a deep neural network (DNN) based on Inception-v3 architecture. The performance on small patches of the fluorescence images was comparable with that of H&E images. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping analysis revealed the areas where the trained model identified metastatic lesions in the images containing cancer cells. We extended the method to large-size image analysis enabling accurate detection of metastatic lesions. We discuss usefulness of DUV excitation fluorescence imaging with the aid of DNN analysis, which is promising for assisting pathologists in assessment of lymph node metastasis.
Hydrothermal Synthesize of HF-Free MIL-100(Fe) for Isoniazid-Drug Delivery
Authors: Simon Meta A. , Anggraeni Erlina , Soetaredjo Felycia Edi , Santoso Shella Permasari , Irawaty Wenny , Thanh Truong Chi , Hartono Sandy Budi , Yuliana Maria , Ismadji Suryadi
Published: November 2019

Sustainable development of drug delivery materials with good biocompatibility and controlled-release is a popular topic among researchers. In this research study, we demonstrated the potential of the metal-organic framework, that is MIL-100(Fe), as a drug delivery platform for isoniazid (INH). The MIL-100(Fe) was prepared by using the hydrofluoric acid-free hydrothermal method. Several physical measurements were conducted to characterize the MIL-100(Fe), including x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen sorption, and thermal-gravimetric (TG). The synthesized MIL-100(Fe) has octahedron-shaped particles with superior properties, that is large surface area (1456.10 m2/g) and pore volume (1.25 cm3/g). The drug loading rate and capacity were determined by means of adsorption kinetic and isotherm. The studied INH@MIL-100(Fe) adsorption system kinetics follow the pseudo-first-order model, while the isotherm system follows the Langmuir model with the maximum adsorption capacity of 128.5 mg/g at 30 °C. MIL-100(Fe) shows adequate biocompatibility, also exhibits a reasonable and controlled drug release kinetics. The results obtained show that MIL-100 (Fe) can be a good choice of drug delivery platform among other available platforms.
Late recurrence of breast cancer is associated with pro-cancerous immune microenvironment in the primary tumor
Authors: Takeshita Takashi , Yan Li , Asaoka Mariko , Rashid Omar , Takabe Kazuaki
Published: November 2019

The fact that 20–40% of all breast cancer (BC) patients develop recurrence when 5 year survival is 90% strongly suggests that late recurrence, i.e. more than 5 years after diagnosis, is the remaining challenge to decrease the absolute number of BC deaths. Better understanding late recurrence is an essential first step to address this issue. We hypothesized that primary tumors with a distinctive tumor immune microenvironment will develop late recurrence. Accordingly, we evaluated the relationship between the timing of cancer recurrence, clinical factors, gene expression profiles, and immune status utilizing two published large cohorts. 308 primary BCs in TCGA were analyzed and categorized as: recurrence ≤2 years (Early, n = 49), between 2–5 years (Mid, n = 54), recurrence >5 years (Late, n = 20), and no recurrence >5 years (Survivors, n = 185). 1,727 primary BCs in METABRIC were analyzed and categorized similarly: Early, n = 170; distant (D), n = 19; local (L), Mid, n = 213; D, n = 21; L, Late, n = 199; D, n = 57, L, and Survivors, n = 1048. Utilizing pre-ranked GSEA, we showed that primary tumors with Survivors were associated with anti-cancer signaling such as INF-α/-γ response and TNF-α signaling, compared with all recurrence groups in pre-ranked GSEA. Furtherrmore, we found that host defense immunity (leukocyte fraction, lymphocyte infiltration, and macrophage fractions) was decreased in primary tumors with Late recurrence compared with Survivors. Utilizing the CIBERSORT algorithm, we showed anti-cancer lymphocytes, memory CD4+ T cells and γδT cells, were significantly lower, and pro-cancerous regulatory T cells were significantly higher in Late tumors compared with Survivors. In agreement, cytolytic activity score that assesses immune cell cytolytic activity was significantly lower in Late compared with Survivors. We demonstrated that not only host defense immunity, but also pro-cancerous immune cells and immune cell cytolytic activity in primary BC was associated with late recurrence.
Rab5-mediated endosome formation is regulated at the trans-Golgi network
Authors: Nagano Makoto , Toshima Junko Y. , Siekhaus Daria Elisabeth , Toshima Jiro
Published: November 2019

Early endosomes, also called sorting endosomes, are known to mature into late endosomes via the Rab5-mediated endolysosomal trafficking pathway. Thus, early endosome existence is thought to be maintained by the continual fusion of transport vesicles from the plasma membrane and the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Here we show instead that endocytosis is dispensable and post-Golgi vesicle transport is crucial for the formation of endosomes and the subsequent endolysosomal traffic regulated by yeast Rab5 Vps21p. Fittingly, all three proteins required for endosomal nucleotide exchange on Vps21p are first recruited to the TGN before transport to the endosome, namely the GEF Vps9p and the epsin-related adaptors Ent3/5p. The TGN recruitment of these components is distinctly controlled, with Vps9p appearing to require the Arf1p GTPase, and the Rab11s, Ypt31p/32p. These results provide a different view of endosome formation and identify the TGN as a critical location for regulating progress through the endolysosomal trafficking pathway.
In situ observation of solid electrolyte interphase evolution in a lithium metal battery
Authors: Golozar Maryam , Paolella Andrea , Demers Hendrix , Bessette Stéphanie , Lagacé Marin , Bouchard Patrick , Guerfi Abdelbast , Gauvin Raynald , Zaghib Karim
Published: November 2019

Lithium metal is a favorable anode material in all-solid Li-polymer batteries because of its high energy density. However, dendrite formation on lithium metal causes safety concerns. Here we obtain images of the Li-metal anode surface during cycling using in situ scanning electron microscopy. Constructing videos from the images enables us to monitor the failure mechanism of the battery. Our results show the formation of dendrites on the edge of the anode and isles of decomposed lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide on the grain boundaries. Cycling at high rates results in the opening of the grain boundaries and depletion of lithium in the vicinity of the isles. We also observe changes in the surface morphology of the polymer close to the anode edge. Extrusion of lithium from these regions could be evidence of polymer reduction due to a local increase in temperature and thermal runaway assisting in dendrite formation.
Bio-inspired construction of a semi-artificial enzyme complex for detecting histone acetyltransferases activity
Authors: Cheng Wenting , Ma Jiehua , Zhang Yongchen , Xu Chuanjun , Zhang Zhaoli , Hu Liang , Li Jinlong
Published: November 2019

Herein, an electrochemical method to detect histone acetyltransferases activity (HAT) has been developed based on the reduction of G-Quadruplex-Cu(ii) metalloenzyme activity.
Rebamipide-loaded chitosan nanoparticles accelerate prostatic wound healing by inhibiting M1 macrophage-mediated inflammationviathe NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Menghao , Deng Zheng , Shi Fei , Zhou Zheng , Jiang Chenyi , Xu Zhilu , Cui Xiaoming , Li Wentong , Jing Yifeng , Han Bangmin , Zhang Weifen , Xia Shujie
Published: November 2019

A large proportion of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms after surgery due to the presence of prostatic urothelium wounds.
Fast ring-opening of an intermediary α-stannyl-β-cyclopropylvinyl radical does not support formation of an α-stannylvinyl cation in the O-directed free radical hydrostannation of dialkyl acetylenes
Authors: Watson Hamish A. , Manaviazar Soraya , Steeds Hannah G. , Hale Karl J.
Published: November 2019

O-directed hydrostannation of β-cyclopropyl propargyl alcohol 22 with stannanes and cat. Et3B in THF/H2O or PhMe/MeOH fails to deliver any detectable products of α-stannylvinyl cation capture.
Versatile symport transporters based on cyclic peptide dimers
Authors: Fuertes Alberto , Amorín Manuel , Granja Juan R.
Published: November 2019

We present the synthesis and transmembrane transport properties of a new family of tris-pyridine-decorated cyclic peptides.
Iron carbonate hydroxide templated binary metal–organic frameworks for highly efficient electrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Du Jian , Xu Suxian , Sun Licheng , Li Fei
Published: November 2019

Iron carbonate hydroxide templated NiFe-MOF nanoplates exhibit high activity and stability for electrocatalytic water oxidation in alkaline solution.
Supramolecular stacking in a high Z′ calix[8]arene–porphyrin assembly
Authors: Alex Jimi M. , McArdle Patrick , Crowley Peter B.
Published: November 2019

A co-crystal structure of sulfonato-calix[8]arene (sclx8) and trimethylanilinium-porphyrin (tmap) at 1.0 Å resolution is reported.
Correction: Updated and validated solar irradiance reference spectra for estimating environmental photodegradation rates
Authors: Apell Jennifer N. , McNeill Kristopher
Published: November 2019

Correction for ‘Updated and validated solar irradiance reference spectra for estimating environmental photodegradation rates’ by Jennifer N. Apell and Kristopher McNeill, Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2019, 21, 427–437.
Reactivity of graphene oxide with reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and superoxide anion)
Authors: Hsieh Hsin-Se , Zepp Richard G.
Published: November 2019

Increases in the production and applications of graphene oxide (GO), coupled with reports of its toxic effects, are raising concerns about its health and ecological risks.
A novel floatable composite hydrogel for solar evaporation enhancement
Authors: Zhao Liyuan , Tian Jing , Liu Yangkaixi , Xu Longquan , Wang Yi , Fei Xu , Li Yao
Published: November 2019

Solar evaporation is an economically feasible method for desalination and distillation.
Berry polyphenols metabolism and impact on human gut microbiota and health
Authors: Lavefve Laura , Howard Luke R. , Carbonero Franck
Published: November 2019

Berries are rich in phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins.
The metabolic change in serum lysoglycerophospholipids intervened by triterpenoid saponins from Kuding tea on hyperlipidemic mice
Authors: Shi Qingxin , Jin Shuna , Xiang Xingliang , Tian Ji , Huang Rongzeng , Li Sen , Chen Cheng , Xu Hanlin , Song Chengwu
Published: November 2019

Triterpenoid saponins from Kuding tea have demonstrated preventive effects on hyperlipidaemia induced by a high-fat diet.
The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of pigmented rice consumption in an obese cohort
Authors: Callcott Esther T. , Blanchard Christopher L. , Snell Peter , Santhakumar Abishek B.
Published: November 2019

Acute consumption of coloured rice increased antioxidant activity & reduced inflammation & lipid peroxidation biomarkers in an obese cohort.
Development of Abel's inversion method to extract radially resolved optical emission maps from spectral data cubes collectedviapush-broom hyperspectral imaging with sub-pixel shifting sampling
Authors: Shi Songyue , Finch Kevin , She Yue , Gamez Gerardo
Published: November 2019

The optimization of a Fourier transform-based Abel's inversion algorithm allows the reconstruction of high-fidelity radially resolved OES images from SPS-PbHSI acquisition for plasma diagnostics for the first time.
Impact of naturally occurring serine/cysteine variations on the structure and function of Pseudomonas metallothioneins
Authors: Habjanič Jelena , Chesnov Serge , Zerbe Oliver , Freisinger Eva
Published: November 2019

Metallothioneins (MTs), small cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins, support the viability of organisms under normal physiological conditions and help them to respond to different environmental stressors. Upon metal coordination (e.g. ZnII, CdII, CuI) they form characteristic polynuclear metal–thiolate clusters that are known for their high thermodynamic stability and kinetic lability. However, despite numerous studies, it is still not understood how MTs modulate their metal-binding properties. Pseudomonas MTs are an emerging subclass of bacterial MTs, distinct for their high number of His residues and for several unique features such as an intrinsically disordered long C-terminal tail and multiple variations in the number and nature of coordinating amino acids. These variations might provide the bacteria with a functional advantage derived from evolutionary adaptation to heterogeneous environments. Nearly 90% of the known Pseudomonas MT sequences feature a central YCC̲xxC motif, that is altered to YCS̲xxC in the rest. We demonstrate that the additional Cys residue serves as a coordinating ligand without influencing the metal-binding capacity, the overall metal-binding stability or the structure. However, the additional ligand changes intra-cluster dynamics and, as a consequence, modulates metal transfer reactions that could be functionally advantageous in vivo.
Effects of methylamine doping on the stability of triple cation (FA0.95−xMAxCs0.05)PbI3 single crystal perovskites
Authors: Huang Yimin , Zhao Li , Li Jin , Lu Fang , Wang Shimin
Published: November 2019

Despite being promising photovoltaic materials, widespread use of organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials is still hindered by their undesirable stability.
Generation of non-classical states of photons from a metal–dielectric interface: a novel architecture for quantum information processing
Authors: Mehta Karun , Achanta Venu Gopal , Dasgupta Shubhrangshu
Published: November 2019

We show the possibility to generate photons in a certain class of non-classical states from a metal–dielectric interface using dipole emitters on the interface.
Ultra-thin atom layer deposited alumina film enables the precise lifetime control of fully biodegradable electronic devices
Authors: Huang Shuyi , Xuan Weipeng , Liu Shuting , Tao Xiang , Xu Hongsheng , Zhan Shijie , Chen Jinkai , Cao Zhen , Jin Hao , Dong Shurong , Zhou Hang , Wang Xiaozhi , Kim Jong Min , Luo Jikui
Published: November 2019

ALD-grown ultra-thin alumina is proposed as an encapsulation layer to precisely control the lifetimes of biodegradable electronics, which enables surface acoustic wave devices to perform normally within designed period in bio-fluid.
Largely enhanced thermoelectric effect and pure spin current in silicene-based devices under hydrogen modification
Authors: Qiao Q. , Tan F. X. , Yang L. Y. , Yang X. F. , Liu Y. S.
Published: November 2019

(a) The theoretical model used to explain the physical mechanisms of the pure spin current. (b) The pure spin current versus the width of the spin caloritronic device.
Polarized Raman spectroscopy to elucidate the texture of synthesized MoS2
Authors: Vandalon Vincent , Sharma Akhil , Perrotta Alberto , Schrode Benedikt , Verheijen Marcel A. , Bol Ageeth A.
Published: November 2019

Texture has a significant impact on several key properties of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) films.
A double-site Lewis pair for highly active and living synthesis of sulfur-containing polymers
Authors: Yang Jia-liang , Wang Hong-liang , Hu Lan-fang , Hong Xin , Zhang Xing-hong
Published: November 2019

This work describes an organic double-site Lewis pair with exceedingly high activity for the copolymerization of carbonyl sulfide (COS) with propylene oxide (PO).
Light-induced disruption of an acyl hydrazone link as a novel strategy for drug release and activation: isoniazid as a proof-of-concept case
Authors: Nunes Edinaira Deodato , Villela Anne Drumond , Basso Luiz Augusto , Teixeira Edson H. , Andrade Alexandre L. , Vasconcelos Mayron A. , do Nascimento Neto Luiz G. , Gondim Ana C. S. , Diógenes Izaura C. N. , Romo Adolfo I. B. , Nascimento Otaciro R. , Zampieri Davila , Paulo Tércio Freitas , de Carvalho Idalina Maria Moreira , de França Lopes Luiz Gonzaga , Sousa Eduardo H. S.
Published: November 2019

Photocleavage of an acyl hydrazone bridge was achieved by conjugating isoniazid to a ruthenium(ii) metal complex through the generation of singlet oxygen, which released and activated the anti-tuberculosis pro-drug isoniazid.
PhI(OAc)2-mediated oxidative rearrangement of allylic amides: efficient synthesis of oxazoles and β-keto amides
Authors: Xu Kang , Yang Shuang , Ding Zhenhua
Published: November 2019

A series of 2,5-disubstituted oxazoles and β-keto amides were synthesized from allylic amides via PhI(OAc)2-mediated intramolecular cyclization and oxidation with the migration of an aryl group.
Acetonitrile based single step slot-die compatible perovskite ink for flexible photovoltaics
Authors: Burkitt Daniel , Swartwout Richard , McGettrick James , Greenwood Peter , Beynon David , Brenes Roberto , Bulović Vladimir , Watson Trystan
Published: November 2019

Low viscosity rapid drying perovskite formulations designed to give high quality solar films when slot-die coated on flexible roll-to-roll compatible substrates are developed .
Therapeutic polymeric nanomedicine: GSH-responsive release promotes drug release for cancer synergistic chemotherapy
Authors: Shen Jie , Wang Qiwen , Fang Jie , Shen Wangxing , Wu Dan , Tang Guping , Yang Jie
Published: November 2019

In the GSH-responsive doxorubicin loading camptothecin prodrug nanomedicine, easy modulation of the dose ratio and controlled co-release were achieved, and the synergistic effect was significantly improved.
Genome-based analysis of the type II PKS biosynthesis pathway of xanthones inStreptomyces caelestisand their antifungal activity
Authors: Liu Ling-Li , Liu Hong-Fei , Gao Hua-Hua , Yang Zheng-Zhong , Feng Xiao-Lan , Gao Jin-Ming , Zhao Jian-Bang
Published: November 2019

The ethyl acetate extract from the liquid fermentation ofS. caelestisAw99c exhibited high and broad antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi.
Four rare structurally characterized hetero-pentanuclear [Zn4Ln] bis(salamo)-type complexes: syntheses, crystal structures and spectroscopic properties
Authors: Pu Lu-Mei , Wang Lan , Li Xiao-Yan , Sun Yin-Xia , Kang Quan-Peng , Long Hai-Tao , Xu Wei-Bing , Dong Wen-Kui
Published: November 2019

Four new hetero-pentanuclear 3d–4f complexes 1–4 were synthesized and characterized. Supramolecular interactions and fluorescence properties of complexes 1–4 were investigated.
Sensitive detection of ascorbic acid using screen-printed electrodes modified by electroactive melanin-like nanoparticles
Authors: Argoubi Wicem , Rabti Amal , Ben Aoun Sami , Raouafi Noureddine
Published: November 2019

A melanin-like nanoparticle modified screen-printed electrode for enzyme-less detection of ascorbic acid.
Near-infrared (NIR) surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) study of novel functional phenothiazines for potential use in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC)
Authors: Moll Bastian , Tichelkamp Thomas , Wegner Susann , Francis Biju , Müller Thomas J. J. , Janiak Christoph
Published: November 2019

Phenothiazines are of potential use as dye sensitizers in Grätzel-type dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC).
Model-based design of transient flow experiments for the identification of kinetic parameters
Authors: Waldron Conor , Pankajakshan Arun , Quaglio Marco , Cao Enhong , Galvanin Federico , Gavriilidis Asterios
Published: November 2019

Rapid and precise estimation of kinetic parameters is facilitated by transient flow experiments designed using model-based design of experiments.
Improvement of silver azide crystal morphology and detonation behavior by fast mixing using a microreaction system with an integrated static micromixer
Authors: Chen Cong , Zhao Shuangfei , Zhu Peng , Shi Jinyu , Yan Fanyuhui , Xia Huanming , Shen Ruiqi
Published: November 2019

A continuous microreaction system with an integrated passive micromixer is developed to optimize the crystal morphology and detonation behavior of AgN3.
A mesoporous non-precious metal boride system: synthesis of mesoporous cobalt boride by strictly controlled chemical reduction
Authors: Jiang Bo , Song Hui , Kang Yunqing , Wang Shengyao , Wang Qi , Zhou Xin , Kani Kenya , Guo Yanna , Ye Jinhua , Li Hexing , Sakka Yoshio , Henzie Joel , Yusuke Yamauchi
Published: November 2019

Generating high surface area mesoporous transition metal boride is challenging but interesting because incorporation of boron atoms can generate lattice distortion to form amorphous metal boride which has unique properties in catalysis.
Ptychographic X-ray tomography reveals additive zoning in nanocomposite single crystals
Authors: Ihli Johannes , Levenstein Mark A. , Kim Yi-Yeoun , Wakonig Klaus , Ning Yin , Tatani Aikaterini , Kulak Alexander N. , Green David C. , Holler Mirko , Armes Steven P. , Meldrum Fiona C.
Published: November 2019

Ptychographic X-ray computed tomography visualizes the effects crystallography and solution composition have on occlusion motif and occlusion density of crystalline nanocomposites.
Planar polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: powering portable devices from hydrogen
Authors: Sapkota Prabal , Boyer Cyrille , Dutta Rukmi , Cazorla Claudio , Aguey-Zinsou Kondo-Francois
Published: November 2019

An air breathing planar PEMFC has thin geometry, open cathode and minimum peripheral devices.
Unveiling the role of hydrothermal carbon dots as anodes in sodium-ion batteries with ultrahigh initial coulombic efficiency
Authors: Xie Fei , Xu Zhen , Jensen Anders C. S. , Ding Feixiang , Au Heather , Feng Jingyu , Luo Hui , Qiao Mo , Guo Zhenyu , Lu Yaxiang , Drew Alan J. , Hu Yong-Sheng , Titirici Maria-Magdalena
Published: November 2019

We report the discovery of usually ignored hydrothermal carbon dots as anodes for sodium-ion batteries with ultrahigh initial coulombic efficiency.
General bis(fluorophenyl azide) photo-crosslinkers for conjugated and non-conjugated polyelectrolytes
Authors: Teo Desmond W. Y. , Jamal Zaini , Seah Qiu-Jing , Png Rui-Qi , Chua Lay-Lay
Published: November 2019

Photo-patterning and crosslinking of polymer semiconductors, charge injection and/or transport layers are essential to improve the performance and/or functionality of organic semiconductor devices.