bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disease-related Huntingtin seeding activities in cerebrospinal fluids of Huntington’s disease patients
Authors: Lee C. Y. Daniel , Wang Nan , Shen Koning , Stricos Matthew , Langfelder Peter , Cheon Kristina H. , Cortés Etty P. , Vinters Harry V. , Vonsattel Jean Paul , Wexler Nancy S. , Damoiseaux Robert , Frydman Judith , Yang X. William
Published: November 2020

In Huntington’s disease (HD), the mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) is postulated to mediate template-based aggregation that can propagate across cells. It has been difficult to quantitatively detect such pathological seeding activities in patient biosamples, e.g. cerebrospinal fluids (CSF), and study their correlation with the disease manifestation. Here we developed a cell line expressing a domain-engineered mHTT-exon 1 reporter, which showed remarkably high sensitivity and specificity in detecting mHTT seeding species in HD patient biosamples. We showed that the seeding-competent mHTT species in HD CSF are significantly elevated upon disease onset and with the progression of neuropathological grades. Mechanistically, we showed that mHTT seeding activities in patient CSF could be ameliorated by the overexpression of chaperone DNAJB6 and by antibodies against the polyproline domain of mHTT. Together, our study developed a selective and scalable cell-based tool to investigate mHTT seeding activities in HD CSF, and demonstrated that the CSF mHTT seeding species are significantly associated with certain disease states. This seeding activity can be ameliorated by targeting specific domain or proteostatic pathway of mHTT, providing novel insights into such pathological activities.
VZHE-039, a novel antisickling agent that prevents erythrocyte sickling under both hypoxic and anoxic conditions
Authors: Abdulmalik Osheiza , Pagare Piyusha P. , Huang Boshi , Xu Guoyan G. , Ghatge Mohini S. , Xu Xiaomeng , Chen Qiukan , Anabaraonye Nancy , Musayev Faik N. , Omar Abdelsattar M. , Venitz Jürgen , Zhang Yan , Safo Martin K.
Published: November 2020

Sickle cell disease (SCD) results from a hemoglobin (Hb) mutation βGlu6 → βVal6 that changes normal Hb (HbA) into sickle Hb (HbS). Under hypoxia, HbS polymerizes into rigid fibers, causing red blood cells (RBCs) to sickle; leading to numerous adverse pathological effects. The RBC sickling is made worse by the low oxygen (O2) affinity of HbS, due to elevated intra-RBC concentrations of the natural Hb effector, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. This has prompted the development of Hb modifiers, such as aromatic aldehydes, with the intent of increasing Hb affinity for O2 with subsequent prevention of RBC sickling. One such molecule, Voxelotor was recently approved by U.S. FDA to treat SCD. Here we report results of a novel aromatic aldehyde, VZHE-039, that mimics both the O2-dependent and O2-independent antisickling properties of fetal hemoglobin. The latter mechanism of action—as elucidated through crystallographic and biological studies—is likely due to disruption of key intermolecular contacts necessary for stable HbS polymer formation. This dual antisickling mechanism, in addition to VZHE-039 metabolic stability, has translated into significantly enhanced and sustained pharmacologic activities. Finally, VZHE-039 showed no significant inhibition of several CYPs, demonstrated efficient RBC partitioning and high membrane permeability, and is not an efflux transporter (P-gp) substrate.
Exploratory study of how Cognitive Multisensory Rehabilitation restores parietal operculum connectivity and improves upper limb movements in chronic stroke
Authors: Van de Winckel A. , De Patre D. , Rigoni M. , Fiecas M. , Hendrickson T. J. , Larson M. , Jagadeesan B. D. , Mueller B. A. , Elvendahl W. , Streib C. , Ikramuddin F. , Lim K. O.
Published: November 2020

Cognitive Multisensory Rehabilitation (CMR) is a promising therapy for upper limb recovery in stroke, but the brain mechanisms are unknown. We previously demonstrated that the parietal operculum (parts OP1/OP4) is activated with CMR exercises. In this exploratory study, we assessed the baseline difference between OP1/OP4 functional connectivity (FC) at rest in stroke versus healthy adults to then explore whether CMR affects OP1/OP4 connectivity and sensorimotor recovery after stroke. We recruited 8 adults with chronic stroke and left hemiplegia/paresis and 22 healthy adults. Resting-state FC with the OP1/OP4 region-of-interest in the affected hemisphere was analysed before and after 6 weeks of CMR. We evaluated sensorimotor function and activities of daily life pre- and post-CMR, and at 1-year post-CMR. At baseline, we found decreased FC between the right OP1/OP4 and 34 areas distributed across all lobes in stroke versus healthy adults. After CMR, only four areas had decreased FC compared to healthy adults. Compared to baseline (pre-CMR), participants improved on motor function (MESUPES arm p = 0.02; MESUPES hand p = 0.03; MESUPES total score p = 0.006); on stereognosis (p = 0.03); and on the Frenchay Activities Index (p = 0.03) at post-CMR and at 1-year follow-up. These results suggest enhanced sensorimotor recovery post-stroke after CMR. Our results justify larger-scale studies.
Enhancing second-harmonic generation with electron spill-out at metallic surfaces
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Ciracì Cristian
Published: November 2020

Second-order nonlinear optical processes do not manifest in the bulk of centrosymmetric materials, but may occur in the angstroms-thick layer at surfaces. At such length scales, quantum mechanical effects come into play which could be crucial for an accurate description of plasmonic systems. In this article, we develop a theoretical model based on the quantum hydrodynamic description to study free-electron nonlinear dynamics in plasmonic systems. Our model predicts strong resonances induced by the spill-out of electron density at the metal surface. We show that these resonances can boost second-harmonic generation efficiency up to four orders of magnitude and can be arbitrarily tuned by controlling the electron spill-out at the metal surface with the aid of thin dielectric layers. These results offer a possibility to artificially increase nonlinear susceptibilities by engineering optical properties at the quantum level.
Recombinant collagen polypeptide as a versatile bone graft biomaterial
Authors: Fushimi Hideo , Hiratsuka Takahiro , Okamura Ai , Ono Yoshitaka , Ogura Izumi , Nishimura Ichiro
Published: November 2020

Autografts and allografts are currently considered the gold standard for grafting surgery; however, to meet the growing demand in fast-aging societies, synthetic biomaterials will play an increasingly important role. Here we report a biodegradable scaffold material composed of recombinant polypeptide based on the human type I collagen alpha 1 chain (RCPhC1) as a source of hydrogel-based graft materials. The flexibility to engineer ideal characteristics for bone grafts was demonstrated. The critical internal isotropic pore structure was generated through a designed thin-layer freeze casting process. The optimized biodegradation rate was controlled by dehydrothermal crosslinking by adjusting the amino acid composition of RCPhC1. As a result, RCPhC1 bone grafts manufactured by a highly scalable streamlined production protocol induced robust regeneration of mature bone tissue while being completely resorbed in pre-clinical animal models.
Reaction between Ag17+ and acetylene outside the mass spectrometer: dehydrogenation in the gas phase
Authors: Jash Madhuri , Methikkalam Rabin Rajan J. , Bodiuzzaman Mohammad , Paramasivam Ganesan , Pradeep Thalappil
Published: November 2020

A gas phase ion/molecule reaction occurs between atomically precise Ag17+ naked clusters and acetylene (C2H2) around atmospheric pressure.
Singlet fission relevant energetics from optimally tuned range-separated hybrids
Authors: Alipour Mojtaba , Safari Zahra
Published: November 2020

During this contribution, the optimally tuned range-separated hybrids are proposed and validated for predicting the singlet fission relevant energetic criteria.
Molecular fragmentation as a way to reveal early electron dynamics induced by attosecond pulses
Authors: Delgado Jorge , Lara-Astiaso Manuel , González-Vázquez Jesús , Decleva Piero , Palacios Alicia , Martín Fernando
Published: November 2020

We present a theoretical study of the electron and nuclear dynamics that would arise in an attosecond two-color XUV-pump/XUV-probe experiment in glycine.
Spectral dynamics and gas-phase oxidation of laser-produced plutonium plasmas
Authors: Harilal S. S. , Murzyn C. M. , Kautz E. J. , Edwards M. K. , Sinkov S. I. , Bisson S. E. , Mitra S. S. , Martin J. B.
Published: November 2020

Pu gas-phase oxidation and Pu oxide bands identified with Pu I spectral modeling and time-resolved excitation temperature of Pu plasma.
The mechanisms of HSA@PDA/Fe nanocomposites with enhanced nanozyme activity and their application in intracellular H2O2 detection
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Qin Jinan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zou Liyuan , Yang Xiaohai , Wang Qing , Zheng Yan , Mei Wenjing , Wang Kemin
Published: November 2020

The mechanism of HSA@PDA/Fe nanocomposites' enhanced nanozyme activity was proposed and it was developed for the detection of H2O2.
Printed carbon nanotube thin-film transistors: progress on printable materials and the path to applications
Authors: Lu Shiheng , Franklin Aaron D.
Published: November 2020

This work reviews progress towards fully printed CNT-TFTs, highlighting advancements in material selection and processing for different device components.
Al-doped nickel sulfide nanosheet arrays as highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: He Wenjun , Wang Fangqing , Jia Dongbo , Li Ying , Liang Limin , Zhang Jun , Hao Qiuyan , Liu Caichi , Liu Hui , Zhao Jianling
Published: November 2020

The development of low-cost, high-activity, durable non-precious metal bifunctional electrocatalysts is of great importance in the production of hydrogen by water electrolysis.
Scandium-catalyzed highly selectiveN2-alkylation of benzotriazoles with cyclohexanones
Authors: Tang Shengbiao , Yu Jianliang , Shao Ying , Sun Jiangtao
Published: November 2020

A scandium-catalyzed highly N2-selective alkylation of benzotriazoles with cyclohexanones has been developed.
Recent advances in visible-light photocatalytic deuteration reactions
Authors: Zhou Rong , Ma Lishuang , Yang Xiaona , Cao Jilei
Published: November 2020

The recent advances in visible-light photocatalytic deuteration of X–H, C–halogen, CC, and other bonds for the synthesis of deuterium-labeled organic molecules have been summarized according to the type of bond deuterated in the reactions.
Visible-light induced divergent dearomatization of indole derivatives: controlled access to cyclobutane-fused polycycles and 2-substituted indolines
Authors: Zhuang Weihui , Cheng Yuan-Zheng , Huang Xu-Lun , Huang Qiufeng , Zhang Xiao
Published: November 2020

A visible-light-induced catalytic, divergent dearomative functionalization of indole derivatives is achieved, thereby leading to the formation of cyclobutane-fused polycycles and 2-substituted indolines in a controllable fashion.
Visible-light-driven CO2reduction to formate with a system of water-soluble zinc porphyrin and formate dehydrogenase in ionic liquid/aqueous media
Authors: Secundo Francesco , Amao Yutaka
Published: November 2020

Visible-light-driven CO2reduction to formate with water-soluble zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate, formate dehydrogenase fromCandida boidiniiand methylviologen in the presence of triethanolamine as an electron donor in an ionic liquid.
Mass-produced metallic multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids exhibiting high N-type thermoelectric performances
Authors: Wang Yizhuo , Lu Zhongxu , Hu Qiujun , Qi Xia , Li Qing , Wu Ziping , Zhang Hao-Li , Yu Choongho , Wang Hong
Published: November 2020

Finding a stable n-type flexible thermoelectric (TE) material with a high power factor and mass production is a challenge for wearable TE devices.
Unmixing methods based on nonnegativity and weakly mixed pixels for astronomical hyperspectral datasets
Authors: Boulais A. , Berné O. , Faury G. , Deville Y.
Published: November 2020

An increasing number of astronomical instruments (on Earth and space-based) provide hyperspectral images, that is three-dimensional data cubes with two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension. The intrinsic limitation in spatial resolution of these instruments implies that the spectra associated with pixels of such images are most often mixtures of the spectra of the “pure” components that exist in the considered region. In order to estimate the spectra and spatial abundances of these pure components, we here propose an original blind signal separation (BSS), that is to say an unsupervised unmixing method. Our approach is based on extensions and combinations of linear BSS methods that belong to two major classes of methods, namely nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and sparse component analysis (SCA). The former performs the decomposition of hyperspectral images, as a set of pure spectra and abundance maps, by using nonnegativity constraints, but the estimated solution is not unique: It highly depends on the initialization of the algorithm. The considered SCA methods are based on the assumption of the existence of points or tiny spatial zones where only one source is active (i.e., one pure component is present). These points or zones are then used to estimate the mixture and perform the decomposition. In real conditions, the assumption of perfect single-source points or zones is not always realistic. In such conditions, SCA yields approximate versions of the unknown sources and mixing coefficients. We propose to use part of these preliminary estimates from the SCA to initialize several runs of the NMF in order to refine these estimates and further constrain the convergence of the NMF algorithm. The proposed methods also estimate the number of pure components involved in the data and they provide error bars associated with the obtained solution. Detailed tests with synthetic data show that the decomposition achieved with such hybrid methods is nearly unique and provides good performance, illustrating the potential of applications to real data.
Detection of faint stars near Sagittarius A* with GRAVITY
Authors:   GRAVITY Collaboration, Abuter R. , Amorim A. , Bauböck M. , Berger J. P. , Bonnet H. , Brandner W. , Clénet Y. , Dallilar Y. , Davies R. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Dexter J. , Drescher A. , Eisenhauer F. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Garcia P. , Gao F. , Gendron E. , Genzel R. , Gillessen S. , Habibi M. , Haubois X. , Heißel G. , Henning T. , Hippler S. , Horrobin M. , Jiménez-Rosales A. , Jochum L. , Jocou L. , Kaufer A. , Kervella P. , Lacour S. , Lapeyrère V. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Léna P. , Lutz D. , Nowak M. , Ott T. , Paumard T. , Perraut K. , Perrin G. , Pfuhl O. , Rabien S. , Rodríguez-Coira G. , Shangguan J. , Shimizu T. , Scheithauer S. , Stadler J. , Straub O. , Straubmeier C. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. J. , Vincent F. , von Fellenberg S. , Waisberg I. , Widmann F. , Wieprecht E. , Wiezorrek E. , Woillez J. , Yazici S. , Zins G.
Published: November 2020

The spin of the supermassive black hole that resides at the Galactic Center can, in principle, be measured by accurate measurements of the orbits of stars that are much closer to Sgr A* than S2, the orbit of which recently provided the measurement of the gravitational redshift and the Schwarzschild precession. The GRAVITY near-infrared interferometric instrument combining the four 8m telescopes of the VLT provides a spatial resolution of 2–4 mas, breaking the confusion barrier for adaptive-optics-assisted imaging with a single 8–10m telescope. We used GRAVITY to observe Sgr A* over a period of six months in 2019 and employed interferometric reconstruction methods developed in radio astronomy to search for faint objects near Sgr A*. This revealed a slowly moving star of magnitude 18.9 in the K-band within 30 mas of Sgr A*. The position and proper motion of the star are consistent with the previously known star S62, which is at a substantially greater physical distance, but in projection passes close to Sgr A*. Observations in August and September 2019 detected S29 easily, with K-magnitude of 16.6, at approximately 130 mas from Sgr A*. The planned upgrades of GRAVITY, and further improvements in the calibration, offer greater chances of finding stars fainter than K-magnitude of 19.
What is the temperature of a cell?
Authors: Hayashi Kumiko , Hasegawa Shin , Niwa Shinsuke
Published: November 2020

Equilibrium temperature is classically defined based on thermodynamics using entropy and internal energy: how then can we describe temperature in non-equilibrium living systems such as cells, whose states are not well described by existing thermodynamics?
Detection method of combustion oscillation characteristics under strong noise background
Authors: Wei Yunkun , Zhang Tianhong , Lin Zhonglin , Xie Qi , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2020

After the lean fuel premixed combustion technology is applied to aero engines, severe combustion oscillations will be cased and led to hidden safety hazards such as engine vibration, further energy waste and other problems. Therefore, it is increasingly important to actively control combustion oscillations. In this paper, a multispectral radiation thermometry (MRT) is used to analyze the hydroxyl group, which is a measurable research object in the combustion chamber of an aero engine, and to fit the functional relationship between the radiation intensity ratio and the temperature in different bands. The theoretical value of the error is <2%. At the same time, in order to solve the problem of weak detection signal and excessive interference signal, an improved frequency domain filtering method based on fast Fourier transform is designed. Besides, the FPGA platform is used to ensure the real-time performance of the temperature measurement system, and simulations and experiments are performed. An oscillating signal with an oscillation frequency of 315 Hz is obtained on the established test platform, and the error is only 1.42%.
Commercialization of Work Relation Between Land Owner and Landless Peasant in Central Java
Authors: Santosa Imam , Muslihudin Muslihudin , Adawiyah Wiwiek R. , Dewi Aisyah Dinda
Published: November 2020

This research aims to explore the shifting of work relations between land owners and landless peasants in Central Java. Besides, it also proposed to find the trend of the impact of shifting work relations between them. The research is designed using the semi-grounded method and phenology based on qualitative approach. This research is intentionally conducted in Purbalingga and Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province. Based on the research results, farmers in rural areas that are relatively far from the city have working relationships that tend to be exploited and are asymmetrical. On the other hand, the relationship of farmers in rural areas near cities tends to be more rational and commercial and symmetrical. The suggestion that can be given is the working relationship between the land owner and the cultivator who is beneficial to both parties needs to be maintained, but for the exploitative nature of work relationship there needs to be continuously empowered so that it does not bring damage to each of the party
The extent to which participants in the indonesian legislative elections obey the rules
Authors: Suyono Eko , Rusmana Oman , Praptapa Agung
Published: November 2020

This study aims to evaluate the extent to which the compliance of legislative candidates as participants of the 2019 Indonesian general election is related to the rules for reporting campaign funds. To achieve this objective, this study uses election rules indicators that relate to the rules of campaign finance reporting with reference to 21 indicators according to Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections in the Republic of Indonesia along with all derivative rules. Based on the rules that apply in Indonesia, general election participants who do not comply with the rules for reporting campaign funds can be canceled from the process of election as legislative members. In other words, the results of the compliance audit which concludes that a legislative candidate does not comply with the rules for the reporting of campaign funds could be canceled as a legislative member. This study uses the “X” Political Party legislative members from South Kalimantan Province, including legislative candidates for the DPR-RI, Provincial DPRD, and district/city DPRD. The total number of legislative candidates from Party X is 11 for the DPR-RI from 2 electoral areas, 55 for the Provincial DPRD from 7 electoral areas, and 296 for district/city DPRDs from an average of 5 electoral areas for each district/city. By setting a sample of 20% of the population, this study ended-up with 74 legislative candidates as the sample., i.e, 3 DPR RI legislative candidates, 11 legislative candidates for the provincial DPRD, and 60 legislative candidates for district/city DPRD. Descriptive analysis method is used to answer the problems in this study. Evaluation of compliance with the reporting of campaign funds is carried out by using compliance audit procedures through review of existing supporting documents and interviews with legislative candidates who are selected as the sample as confirmation procedure. The review of documents is carried out carefully and thoroughly to evaluate whether the legislative candidates from political parties follow the rules in the mechanism of reporting the campaign funds for the period February 20, 2018, until April 25, 2019. After the entire evaluation process conducted in May 2019 has been completed, this study concluded that in general, the legislative candidates adhere to the rules of campaign funds reporting in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. This study does not find any material deviations from applicable laws and regulations.
Creative Economic Development in Economic Education Perspective
Authors: Daryono  , Wahyudi Sugeng , Suharnomo  , Djastuti Indi , Mahfudz  , Kusumawardhani Amie , Supriyati Sri
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurial knowledge on creative attitudes of creative economy sub-sector Small Medium Enterprises in Kendal sub-district in the context of creative economic development. The population in this study were 129 Micro Small Medium Enterprises in the creative industry subsector. The total sample in this study was as many as 33 Micro Small Medium Enterprises in the creative industry sub-sector. The results of this study indicate that entrepreneurial knowledge has a positive and significant influence on the creative attitude of creative economy sub-sector Micro Small Medium Enterprises in Kendal sub-district, Central Java City, Indonesia.
The Development of MSMEs International Networks through Internationalization
Authors: Kaukab M. Elfan
Published: November 2020

This article studies the effects of relationship bonding, entrepreneurial cognition, and market dynamism towards internationalization and their impacts in MSMEs network growth. This article examines hypotheses derived from theory and research employing structural model analysis in 150 exporting-MSMEs in Central Java province, Indonesia. This research reveals that relationship bonding influences internationalization while entrepreneurial cognition and market dynamism do not. Internationalization affects the MSMEs network growth. This leads to the finding that MSMEs internationalization in Central Java, Indonesia is promoted more by social factors instead of individual and macro environment, while network growth is stimulated by individual and macro environment instead of social factors. Social determinant directs internationalization and individual and macro determinant regulates network expansion. The implementation of network theory and ecosystem management theory to comprehend MSMEs internationalization and network growth. This research provides supports to encourage educators and policy makers upgrade the skills of MSMEs practitioners in developing international business. This research compares social perspective, individual perspective, and macro environment in an empirical study in a developing country. This research offers solution to comprehend internationalization and network growth involving market dynamism and entrepreneurial cognition as well as bonding relationship as determinants.
The Impact of Market Value Added to Shareholder Value: Evidence from Indonesia Firms
Authors: Dhani Laksana Rio , Mayasari Viviana
Published: November 2020

Presently financial experts developed the new concept as a value-based measure of performance in the creation of shareholder value. Market value for shareholders are among the most important goals of firms and owners The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence of Economic Value Added (EVA) affects shareholder value by the method of Market Value Added (MVA) The research using non-financial companies listed on the Stock Exchange from 2013-2017. The result is support that the Economic Value Added (EVA) positive effect on shareholder value or in other words, the higher EVA is the higher shareholder value. The larger the company greater shareholder value and Leverage negative effect on shareholder value as measured using the method of MVA.
Weakened Patient Loyalty Model at Beauty Clinics: Based on Variety Seeking Behavior, Dissatisfaction, Negative WOM and Brand Switching
Authors: Justiana Astuti Herni , Budi Santoso Suryo
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to design the Weakened Loyalty model through Variety Seeking Behavior, Dissatisfaction, Negative WOM and Brand Switching. The sample in this study was a patient of a beauty clinic who did treatment for one year or more and had moved from another clinic. The sample used was 173 respondents. Data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling with PLS approach. The data meets convergent validity and composite reliability. The results of the analysis prove that negative WOM, variety seeking behavior and dissatisfaction are factors that have the potential to weaken loyalty, because these three variables have a significant direct effect on brand switching. However, it does not directly affect patients to really weaken loyalty. Dissatisfaction can mediate relationship between Negative WOM and Brand Switching.
The Impact of Land Conflict on Darmakradenan Toward Social, Economic, and Politic Vulnerability in The Life of Farmers ‘Community
Authors: Handoko W
Published: November 2020

This research is aimed to examine the impact of the Darmakradenan land conflict on the vulnerability of the social, economic and political life of the local farming community. This research is essential because the Darmakradenan conflict has been going on for around 20 years and all the conflict resolution efforts undertaken have not achieved results. This research is qualitative research that selects informants with a purposive method, including farmers, village heads and village officials, management of the farmer groupStan Ampera, plantation managers, community leaders and so on. The results of this research indicated that the two decades of Darmakradenan land conflict had an impact on the vulnerability of social, economic and political life, such as a lack of harmony between farmer groups, loss of livelihoods, tensions between farmer groups and village government, illegal acts, citizens easily ignited to act anarchist and so on. Such conditions have implications for the importance of considering social, economic and political vulnerabilities in developing efforts for real land conflict resolution.
Management Capacity of Educational Office in The Provision of Basic Education Services (Studi in Banyumas Regency)
Authors: Faozanudin M , Sulistiani LS
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to analyse the local government management capacity in the implementation of education services in Banyumas Regency. The research is based on the perception of the principal against the management process undertaken by the education service District Banyumas, which is carried out by the survey method, with the respondents of the heads of State Primary Schools in the Banyumas Regency. The results of the study indicate that in general the implementation of basic education management at the education office is already underway, and still needs a lot of improvement. Perspective index value The principal of the Office of Education is only 66.96. Some of the problems that need to be improved include: first, there is still a lack of coordination in the process of preparing programs and activities in the education office, which concerns education services in education units. Second, the management decision-making process tends to be slow in the education office, although in some cases, the decision-making process has involved subordinates and stakeholders. Third, there is still a less of transparency in the budgeting process carried out by the education office, especially for the budget allocated for education units, and the fourth, the procedures for the procurement and maintenance of educational facilities and infrastructure are also still less transparent.
Gender Mainstreaming Through Woman Political Participation at Representative Council in Banten Province
Authors: Indriyany I. A. , Hikmawan M D , Godjali M R
Published: November 2020

This research aims to observe gender mainstreaming by women representative council in Banten Province. To analyze the process of becoming, Gender mainstreaming Become Several important for reasons, first, the equity between the Human Development Index and the Gender Development Index, Banten Province indicates that human development is not always in line with gender-based development. Gender-based development is Often neglected because development is too focused on human development. Second, women are still stereotyped by gender Injustice. In the local context of Banten, the injustices experienced by women are legalized through social, cultural and religion institutions. Third, in the political realm, gender mainstreaming is not yet be maximized. This is because the affirmative policies for women are notinlinewithwomen awareness to be Involved in public affairs.
Sport Development Index of Banyumas Regency
Authors: Ngadiman  , Kusuma I J , Kusnandar  , Joko P
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the local government’s success in its development, especially in the field of sports from the aspect of open space availability, community participation, sport resource, and community fitness level (Sport Development Index) that an evaluative research approach is conducted in this study. The research employs both stratified random sampling and cluster sampling technique. The population basic characters used include; the differences of regional progress level, gender between male and female, age ranging from children aged 7-12 years old, adolescents aged 13-17 years old and adults aged 18-40 years old, while the basic cluster used is district and sub-district or village. The research results show that the open space index is classified in low category (0.180), human resource index in medium category (0.551), public participation index in medium category (0.572), and physical fitness index in low category (0.488). Simultaneously, the Sport Development Index of Banyumas Regency in 2010 is classified in low category (0.487).
Cross-cultural adaptation and translation of the Constant Murley Score into Arabic
Authors: Maqdes Ali , Hanna Sager Samir , Bouhamra Ahmed Khaled , Khaja Aliaa F.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Shoulder pain is a major disorder of the musculoskeletal system. To the best of our knowledge, there is no documentation of an Arabic version of the shoulder disability and pain measurements. Constant Murley Score (CMS) is one of the standard questionnaires for clinical practice and research. The aim of this research centred around the evaluation of the Arabic Constant Murley Score and subsequently assessing the reliability and validity in comparison to disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH).Methods: Hundred and twenty five patients took part in this research. We did the internal consistency tests with Cronbach’s alpha. Intra-correlation coefficient, convergent validity, convergent construct validity, responsiveness, and floor and ceiling effects were also calculated.Results: Principal component analysis showed that the variance was 63.31% with a factor range of 0.42–0.85, which fulfils the uni-dimensionality criterion. Also, the Arabic CMS correlated negatively with the DASH score (−0.82,p < 0.001). The Arabic version of CMS was consistent with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.74. With Inter Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.83 it also showed a very good test-retest reliability.Conclusion: Ours is the first translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CMS into Arabic. Important evidences of validity were tested such as uni-dimensionality, convergent validity, and internal consistency. Results demonstrate an acceptable Cronbach’s alpha of 0.74, ICC = 0.830 indicating excellent reliability and a strong correlation of the Arabic CMS with the DASH score (r = −0.820). Overall, the Arabic version of CMS is a good and reliable diagnostic tool for patients experiencing shoulder pain.
The soft X-ray Neupert effect as a proxy for solar energetic particle injection
Authors: Steyn Ruhann , Strauss Du Toit , Effenberger Frederic , Pacheco Daniel
Published: November 2020

The acceleration and injection of solar energetic particles (SEPs) near the Sun is one of the major unsolved problems in contemporary SEP transport modeling efforts. Here, we establish a new approach to the injection problem by utilizing a correlation between the soft X-ray thermal emission in solar flares, and their hard X-ray counterpart, the so-called Neupert effect, which is indicative of the presence of non-thermal particles. We show that the resulting injection function, in the initial phase of the flare, is similar to those inferred from inverting the transport problem based on in-situ observations. For few cases, we find early injections with no in-situ correspondence, that can be caused by particles accelerated before there is a magnetic connection between the source and the spacecraft. The method has limitations for long-duration injections, since it is not applicable to the decay phase of the flare where particle trapping might play a role. For a sample of SEP events in 1980, observed with the Helios-1 and IMP8 spacecraft, we show the results of a 2D SEP transport model based on this approach. We discuss that, with this method, a physics-based, real-time operational SEP now-cast model for the heliosphere is feasible.
Choosing an Effective and Safe Direct Aspiration Setup for Tortuous Anatomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: In vitro Study in a Physiological Flow Model
Authors: Madjidyar Jawid , Nerkada Lars , Larsen Naomi , Wodarg Fritz , Hensler Johannes , Jansen Olav
Published: November 2020

Purpose A direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) is an effective thrombectomy option in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Balloon guide catheters (BGC) seem to improve the efficacy of stent retrievers and ADAPT. The last generation 6F aspiration catheters require 9F BGCs, which are rigid devices that are challenging to position in a tortuous anatomy. In this experimental study the efficacy of 6F ADAPT alone and 5F ADAPT combined with 8F BGC was evaluated.

Materials and Methods Either a fibrin rich (white) clot or an RBC rich (red) clot was placed in the M1 segment of a transparent silicon phantom. Physiological hemodynamic conditions were maintained. The clots were retrieved by 6F aspiration catheter via 8F long sheath or 5F aspiration catheter via a flexible 8F BGC. Thrombectomy was performed under direct visual control. The primary endpoints were the number of passes and the number of distal emboli.

Results Ten experiments were made with each clot model and thrombectomy technique (n = 40). Full recanalization could be achieved in every experiment. First pass mTICI 3 could be achieved by 6F ADAPT in 80 % of red clots and 90 % of white clots. Distal emboli were caused in 10 % and 20 %, respectively. When using 5F ADAPT combined with BGC, a first pass mTICI 3 rate of 90 % in red clots and 100 % in white clots could be achieved. A 10 % rate of distal emboli occurred in both groups. In almost all experiments (both techniques), the thrombi clogged the aspiration catheter. No statistically significant differences could be found between the techniques and clot models.

Conclusion 6F ADAPT without BGC was as effective as 5F ADAPT combined with a flexible 8F BGC, with both techniques showing high first-pass recanalization rates and low distal emboli rates. Especially in the case of a tortuous anatomy, these setups should be considered as alternatives to a rigid 9F BGC. The thrombus compositions seemed to be irrelevant in this setting.

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Citation Format
Serum Levels of Beta-2 Microglobulin in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and its Relationship with Disease Activity: Can it be used as a Disease Activity Marker?
Authors: Dinçer Ayşe Bahar Keleşoğlu , Torgutalp Murat , Yayla Müçteba Enes , Gülöksüz Emine Gözde Aydemir , Sezer Serdar , Yurteri Emine Uslu , Okatan Ilyas Ercan , Turgay Murat , Kınıklı Gülay , Ateş Aşkın
Published: November 2020

Background Beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) is mainly released from activated lymphocytes. Increased serum β2M levels have been shown in autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to analyse the serum levels of β2M in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to evaluate its relationship with disease activity measures.

Material and Methods This cross-sectional study included 137 RA patients, 102 ankylosing spondylitis patients (AS) and 50 healthy controls (HC). To assess the disease activity of RA patients, the 28-joint Disease Activity Score-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS28-ESR), the 28-joint Disease Activity Score-C-Reactive Protein (DAS28-CRP), the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) were used. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results Serum β2M levels were significantly higher in RA patients (2.95±1.19 mg/L) compared with HC (2.21±0.54 mg/L) and AS patients (2.200.58 mg/L) (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between β2M levels and DAS28-ESR (rs=0.359, p<0.001), DAS28-CRP (rs=0.293, p=0.001), SDAI (rs=0.332, p<0.001) and CDAI (rs=0.291, p=0.001). Serum β2M levels were higher in the RA group with DAS28-ESR ≥3.2 (3.30±1.42 mg/L) than in the DAS28-ESR <3.2 group (2.67±0.87 mg/L) (p=0.002).

Conclusion Our study revealed that serum β2M levels were higher in RA patients than in healthy controls, and, in contrast to other studies, we found positive correlations between β2M levels and RA disease activity measures.
Synthesis of Spirocyclic Piperidines by Radical Hydroarylation
Authors: Spurlin Racheal M. , Harris Amber L. , Jui Nathan T. , Pratt Cameron J.
Published: November 2020

Reported here are conditions for the construction of spirocyclic piperidines from linear aryl halide precursors. These conditions employ a strongly reducing organic photoredox catalyst in combination with a trialkylamine reductant to achieve formation of aryl radical species. Regioselective cyclization followed by hydrogen-atom transfer affords a range of complex spiropiperidines. This system operates efficiently under mild conditions without the need for toxic reagents or precious metals.
Peroxide-Mediated Oxidative Radical Cyclization to the Quinazolinone System: Efficient Syntheses of Deoxyvasicinone, Mackinazolinone and (±)-Leucomidine C
Authors: Miranda Luis D. , García-Ramírez Jazmín
Published: November 2020

An efficient protocol for obtaining fused quinazolinones through an oxidative free-radical cyclization under metal- and tin-free conditions is described. The oxidative cyclization of various N-3-ω-iodoalkyl derivatives to provide tricyclic systems using dicumyl peroxide as the sole reagent is studied. The method then is employed for the syntheses of 5-, 6-, and 7-membered fused quinazolinone analogues, including the natural products deoxyvasicinone and mackinazolinone. A xanthate-based oxidative radical cascade addition/cyclization process that allows the production of new menthol- and testosterone-quinazolinone conjugates, as well as the first total synthesis of leucomidine C, are also reported.
Facile Access to 3,4-Disubstituted 2H-Chromenes via Domino [4+2] Annulation
Authors: Prasad Sure Siva , Joshi Dirgha Raj , Kim Ikyon
Published: November 2020

A highly efficient synthetic route to polysubstituted 2H-chromenes was developed utilizing a domino O-alkylation/intramolecular Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) olefination of diarylmethylphosphonates, which were readily accessed via Lewis acid mediated one-pot three-component coupling of aldehydes, phenols, and triethyl phosphite.
Impact of the Extent of Microsurgical Resection in Sphenopetro-clival Meningiomas Trough a Multistaged Approach: A Volumetric Analysis
Authors: Martínez-Pérez Rafael , Tsimpas Asterios , Ganau Mario , Mura Jorge M.
Published: November 2020

Objective Sphenopetroclival meningiomas (SPCMs) represent a challenge for surgical treatment. The authors used an objective volumetric analysis to assess the effect of the grade of resection and different surgical strategies that may affect the outcome of this tumors.

Methods Over a period of 4 years, patients with SPCMs were treated using a middle versus posterior fossa approach, or a two-stage surgery combining both approaches, based on the tumor location in relation to the petrous ridge and tumor volume. Retrospectively, all cases were analyzed with regard to tumor volume, extent of resection (EOR), functional outcome, and complications.

Results Twenty-seven patients with SPCMs met the inclusion criteria, and the mean follow-up was 24.8 months. Eleven patients underwent a two-stage surgery, while 16 patients had their SPCMs resected via a single craniotomy. Mean EOR was 87.6% and gross total resection was achieved in 48% of patients. Patients with greater EOR had better functional outcomes (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). Greater EOR was not accompanied by a significant increase in surgical complications. There was a trend toward lower postoperative volumes and better EOR with our two-stage approach (2.2 vs. 3.2 cm3, p = 0.09; and 94.1 vs. 91.2%, p = 0.49, respectively), without an increase in the rate of complications (18.7 vs. 18.2%, p = 0.5).

Conclusion Staging of the surgical resection of larger tumors may lead to greater EOR, and this strategy should be considered for larger tumors.
Anesthetic Challenges in the Management of Intracranial Aneurysm Clipping in a Patient with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Duggal Sakshi , Khurana Priyanka , Ganjoo Pragati , Das Nilima
Published: November 2020

Aneurysmal surgeries are high-risk procedures due to potential for occurrence of fatal perioperative complications. This risk is exaggerated in the presence of co- existing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). It involves asymmetrical hypertrophy of left ventricle with mitral valve dysfunction, leading to left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Various perioperative factors may precipitate this obstruction resulting in life-threatening consequences. We report the management of a patient with HCM undergoing anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping and discuss the anesthetic concerns. Comprehensive approach with careful drug selection, vigilant monitoring, and preparedness for complications enabled patient safety and a good neurological outcome.
Monitoring of Unfractionated Heparin in Severe COVID-19: An Observational Study of Patients on CRRT and ECMO
Authors: Streng Alexander S. , Delnoij Thijs S.R. , Mulder Mark M.G. , Sels Jan Willem E.M. , Wetzels Rick J.H. , Verhezen Paul W.M. , Olie Renske H. , Kooman Jeroen P. , van Kuijk Sander M.J. , Brandts Lloyd , ten Cate Hugo , Lorusso Roberto , van der Horst Iwan C.C. , van Bussel Bas C.T. , Henskens Yvonne M.C.
Published: November 2020

Objective Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can require continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Unfractionated heparin (UFH) to prevent circuit clotting is mandatory but monitoring is complicated by (pseudo)-heparin resistance. In this observational study, we compared two different activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assays and a chromogenic anti-Xa assay in COVID-19 patients on CRRT or ECMO in relation to their UFH dosages and acute phase reactants.

Materials and Methods The aPTT (optical [aPTT-CS] and/or mechanical [aPTT-STA] clot detection methods were used), anti-Xa, factor VIII (FVIII), antithrombin III (ATIII), and fibrinogen were measured in 342 samples from 7 COVID-19 patients on CRRT or ECMO during their UFH treatment. Dosage of UFH was primarily based on the aPTT-CS with a heparin therapeutic range (HTR) of 50–80s. Associations between different variables were made using linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis.

Results Dosage of UFH was above 35,000IU/24 hours in all patients. aPTT-CS and aPTT-STA were predominantly within the HTR. Anti-Xa was predominantly above the HTR (0.3–0.7 IU/mL) and ATIII concentration was >70% for all patients; mean FVIII and fibrinogen were 606% and 7.5 g/L, respectively. aPTT-CS correlated with aPTT-STA (r
2 = 0.68) with a bias of 39.3%. Correlation between aPTT and anti-Xa was better for aPTT-CS (0.78 ≤ r
2 ≤ 0.94) than for aPTT-STA (0.34 ≤ r
2 ≤ 0.81). There was no general correlation between the aPTT-CS and ATIII, FVIII, fibrinogen, thrombocytes, C-reactive protein, or ferritin.

Conclusion All included COVID-19 patients on CRRT or ECMO conformed to the definition of heparin resistance. A patient-specific association was found between aPTT and anti-Xa. This association could not be explained by FVIII or fibrinogen.
Diagnostic Yield of Multiplex PCR Method in Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis of Purulent Meningitis in Children
Authors: Zhao Jing-Li , Hua Chun-Zhen , Xie Yong-Ping , Pan Yan-Xiang , Hu Bo-Fei , Wang Wei-Jian , He Xiu
Published: November 2020

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic yield of the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the diagnosis of purulent meningitis (PM) in children.

Methods PM was diagnosed according to the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guideline (2016). Patients with PM between May 2015 and October 2018 were included. The multiplex PCR method was used to detect eight common identified bacteria in PM. Its sensitivity and specificity were compared with bacteria culture.

Results A total of 106 cases were enrolled. Pathogenic bacteria were identified in 27 (25.5%) cases by culture and in 37 (34.9%) cases by multiplex PCR assay. The top three bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli K1, and Streptococcus agalactiae. When using culture as the gold standard, the multiplex PCR assay showed a sensitivity of 100, 88.9, and 75.0% for S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and E. coli K1, respectively, and a specificity of more than 91.3% for all three bacteria. For detectable bacteria, the positive rate of the multiplex PCR assay (36.6%, 37/101) was significantly higher than that of the bacteria culture (21.8%, 22/101). When combining the two methods, etiology was identified in 42.5% (45/106) of the patients.

Conclusion Streptococcus pneumoniae, E. coli K1, and S. agalactiae were the predominant pathogens causing pediatric PM. As a rapid method with high sensitivity and specificity, the multiplex PCR assay in CSF could be used as an adjunctive approach with bacteria culture for the pathogen identification of PM.