bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preferential Delegated Proof of Stake (PDPoS)—Modified DPoS with Two Layers towards Scalability and Higher TPS
Authors: Bachani Vishal , Bhattacharjya Aniruddha
Published: December 2022

Security and a decentralized system are identical unique features of Blockchain. In recent times, blockchain-based cryptocurrency has become mainstream, but the growth and value of transactions and application services remain volatile. Among all these applications, finding a fast consensus in a large-scale blockchain network frequently requires extreme energy for huge computations and storing the complete blockchain for verification. These problems prevent further commercialization. Here, we present a solution to this problem. In this paper, we introduce a revised blockchain consensus algorithm, PDPoS, to address the scalability and transaction efficiency limitations. The symmetry in between Proof of Stake (PoS) and Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) is PoS. However, their ways of working are dissimilar. Here, we review the existing consensus algorithms, such as Proof of work (PoW), PoS and DPoS, as they are directly relating to our proposed work: PDPoS. We highligh Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)–based crypto-currencies, as they have much higher transactions per second (TPS) than PoW-based currencies. Then, we describe our proposed works and the working steps of the proposed PDPoS. Simulation results of the proposed PDPoS with two layers result in improved efficiency. We used TPS as the evolution criteria for showing that the proposed PDPoS is more efficient than DPoS. This makes the proposed work more relevant to the large-scale blockchain network as it is more efficient and requires less energy consumption.
On Nonlinear Ψ-Caputo Fractional Integro Differential Equations Involving Non-Instantaneous Conditions
Authors: Arul Ramasamy , Karthikeyan Panjayan , Karthikeyan Kulandhaivel , Geetha Palanisamy , Alruwaily Ymnah , Almaghamsi Lamya , El-hady El-sayed
Published: December 2022

We propose a solution to the symmetric nonlinear Ψ-Caputo fractional integro differential equations involving non-instantaneous impulsive boundary conditions. We investigate the existence and uniqueness of the solution for the proposed problem. Banach contraction theorem is employed to prove the uniqueness results, while Krasnoselkii’s fixed point technique is used to prove the existence results. Additionally, an example is used to explain the results. In this manner, our results represent generalized versions of some recent interesting contributions.
An Algorithm for Solving Common Points of Convex Minimization Problems with Applications
Authors: Hanjing Adisak , Pholasa Nattawut , Suantai Suthep
Published: December 2022

In algorithm development, symmetry plays a vital part in managing optimization problems in scientific models. The aim of this work is to propose a new accelerated method for finding a common point of convex minimization problems and then use the fixed point of the forward-backward operator to explain and analyze a weak convergence result of the proposed algorithm in real Hilbert spaces under certain conditions. As applications, we demonstrate the suggested method for solving image inpainting and image restoration problems.
Completeness of Bethe Ansatz for Gaudin Models with 𝔤𝔩(1|1) Symmetry and Diagonal Twists
Authors: Lu Kang
Published: December 2022

We studied the Gaudin models with gl(1|1) symmetry that are twisted by a diagonal matrix and defined on tensor products of polynomial evaluation gl(1|1)[t]-modules. Namely, we gave an explicit description of the algebra of Hamiltonians (Gaudin Hamiltonians) acting on tensor products of polynomial evaluation gl(1|1)[t]-modules and showed that a bijection exists between common eigenvectors (up to proportionality) of the algebra of Hamiltonians and monic divisors of an explicit polynomial written in terms of the highest weights and evaluation parameters. In particular, our result implies that each common eigenspace of the algebra of Hamiltonians has dimension one. We also gave dimensions of the generalized eigenspaces.
Review of Novel Approaches to Organic Liquid Scintillators in Neutrino Physics
Authors: Schoppmann Stefan
Published: December 2022

Organic liquid scintillators have been used for decades in many neutrino physics experiments. They are particularly suited for the detection of low-energy neutrinos where energy and timing information is required. Organic liquid scintillators exhibit advantages such as high light yield, cost effectiveness, radio purity, and more. However, they also entail disadvantages, most prominently a lack of vertex resolution and particle identification. In recent years, various novel ideas have emerged to improve the performance of organic liquid scintillators. In this review, novel approaches to organic liquid scintillators in neutrino experiments as of 2022 are reviewed and their prospects and applications compared.
Response Evolution of a Tetrachiral Metamaterial Unit Cell under Architectural Transformations
Authors: Akhmetshin Linar , Iokhim Kristina , Kazantseva Ekaterina , Smolin Igor
Published: December 2022

This paper studies a mechanical metamaterial with tetrachiral topology by mathematical modeling. Chirality is the property of an object that makes the object distinguishable from its mirror image; chirality can be left- or right-handed. The mechanical response of two metamaterial unit cells with different configurations (patterns A and B) is investigated. It is found that the cubic cell with a regular pattern A exhibits orthotropic mechanical behavior under loading along three coordinate axes. An irregular pattern B differs from pattern A in that the upper face of the unit cell has an opposite chirality. This architectural transformation is considered as a topological defect, which enhances the twisting effect in the loaded metamaterial. Analysis of displacements and stresses shows that the mechanical behavior of the pattern B cell is described by the model of a transversely isotropic material. The orthotropic and transversely isotropic behavior of the cells of given configurations is also confirmed by the values of the effective elastic constants. Microstructural geometry and mechanical deformation of metamaterials are shown to be closely related. It is shown that a topological defect in a unit cell of a tetrachiral metamaterial strongly determines its twisting behavior.
Wave Propagation in Shear Beams Comprising Finite Periodic Lumped Masses and Resting on Elastic Foundation
Authors: Ozmutlu Aydin
Published: December 2022

In this study, the dispersion of an infinite shear beam with a lumped mass connected at periodic distances and resting on an elastic foundation was examined. The effect of periodicity in the finite region of the lumped masses on wave propagation was investigated through a one-dimensional model. The dispersion relationship for Bragg scattering, which consists of one-dimensional periodic lumped masses, was derived using the transfer matrix method. Subsequently, to evaluate the effect of parameters such as the magnitude of the lumped mass and foundation stiffness on the dynamic response of the shear beam, several simulations were performed. The band frequency characteristics of the shear beam are demonstrated with respect to the variations in stiffness and mass. Using the wave-based approach, the effect of periodic masses on wave propagation in a finite region of an infinite beam was revealed. Periodic masses have been shown to have a positive effect on the displacement amplitude; in other words, a lumped mass barrier is effective in providing wave attenuation.
Gutman Connection Index of Graphs under Operations
Authors: Alrowaili Dalal Awadh , Farid Faiz , Javaid Muhammad
Published: December 2022

In the modern era, mathematical modeling consisting of graph theoretic parameters or invariants applied to solve the problems existing in various disciplines of physical sciences like computer sciences, physics, and chemistry. Topological indices (TIs) are one of the graph invariants which are frequently used to identify the different physicochemical and structural properties of molecular graphs. Wiener index is the first distance-based TI that is used to compute the boiling points of the paraffine. For a graph F, the recently developed Gutman Connection (GC) index is defined on all the unordered pairs of vertices as the sum of the multiplications of the connection numbers and the distance between them. In this note, the GC index of the operation-based symmetric networks called by first derived graph D1(F) (subdivision graph), second derived graph D2(F) (vertex-semitotal graph), third derived graph D3(F) (edge-semitotal graph) and fourth derived graph D4(F) (total graph) are computed in their general expressions consisting of various TIs of the parent graph F, where these operation-based symmetric graphs are obtained by applying the operations of subdivision, vertex semitotal, edge semitotal and the total on the graph F respectively.
Membrane-Disrupting Activity of Cobra Cytotoxins Is Determined by Configuration of the N-Terminal Loop
Authors: Dubovskii Peter V. , Ignatova Anastasia A. , Alekseeva Anna S. , Starkov Vladislav G. , Boldyrev Ivan A. , Feofanov Alexey V. , Utkin Yuri N.
Published: December 2022

In aqueous solutions, cobra cytotoxins (CTX), three-finger folded proteins, exhibit conformational equilibrium between conformers with either cis or trans peptide bonds in the N-terminal loop (loop-I). The equilibrium is shifted to the cis form in toxins with a pair of adjacent Pro residues in this loop. It is known that CTX with a single Pro residue in loop-I and a cis peptide bond do not interact with lipid membranes. Thus, if a cis peptide bond is present in loop-I, as in a Pro-Pro containing CTX, this should weaken its lipid interactions and likely cytotoxic activities. To test this, we have isolated seven CTX from Naja naja and N. haje cobra venoms. Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of these CTX, as well as their capability to induce calcein leakage from phospholipid liposomes, were evaluated. We have found that CTX with a Pro-Pro peptide bond indeed exhibit attenuated membrane-perturbing activity in model membranes and lower cytotoxic/antibacterial activity compared to their counterparts with a single Pro residue in loop-I.
Properties and Patterns of Polarized Gravitational Waves
Authors: Mashhoon Bahram , Rahvar Sohrab
Published: December 2022

We discuss the polarization of gravitational radiation within the standard framework of linearized general relativity. The recent experimental discovery of gravitational waves provides the impetus to revisit the implications of the spin-rotation-gravity coupling for polarized gravitational radiation; therefore, we consider the coupling of the helicity of gravitational waves to the rotation of an observer or the gravitomagnetic field of a rotating astronomical source. Observational possibilities regarding polarization-dependent effects in connection with future gravitational wave detectors are briefly explored.
Differential Replication and Cytokine Response between Vaccine and Very Virulent Marek’s Disease Viruses in Spleens and Bursas during Latency and Reactivation
Authors: Jiang Bo , Wang Jing , Cao Mengyao , Jin Huan , Liu Wenxiao , Cheng Jing , Zhou Linyi , Xu Jian , Li Yongqing
Published: December 2022

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) infection results in Marek’s disease (MD) in chickens, a lymphoproliferative and oncogenic deadly disease, leading to severe economic losses. The spleen and bursa are the most important lymphoid and major target organs for MDV replication. The immune response elicited by MDV replication in the spleen and bursa is critical for the formation of latent MDV infection and reactivation. However, the mechanism of the host immune response induced by MDV in these key lymphoid organs during the latent and reactivation infection phases is not well understood. In the study, we focused on the replication dynamics of a vaccine MDV strain MDV/CVI988 and a very virulent MDV strain MDV/RB1B in the spleen and bursa in the latent and reactivation infection phases (7–28 days post-inoculation [dpi]), as well as the expression of some previously characterized immune-related molecules. The results showed that the replication ability of MDV/RB1B was significantly stronger than that of MDV/CVI988 within 28 days post-infection, and the replication levels of both MDV strains in the spleen were significantly higher than those in the bursa. During the latent and reactivation phase of MDV infection (7–28 dpi), the transcriptional upregulation of chicken IL-1β, IL6, IL-8L1 IFN-γ and PML in the spleen and bursa induced by MDV/RB1B infection was overall stronger than that of MDV/CVI988. However, compared to MDV/RB1Binfection, MDV/CVI988 infection resulted in a more effective transcriptional activation of CCL4 in the latent infection phase (7–14 dpi), which may be a characteristic distinguishing MDV vaccine strain from the very virulent strain.
Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 8 in Tunisia, 2021
Authors: Sghaier Soufien , Sailleau Corinne , Marcacci Maurilia , Thabet Sarah , Curini Valentina , Ben Hassine Thameur , Teodori Liana , Portanti Ottavio , Hammami Salah , Jurisic Lucija , Spedicato Massimo , Postic Lydie , Gazani Ines , Ben Osman Raja , Zientara Stephan , Bréard Emmanuel , Calistri Paolo , Richt Jürgen A. , Holmes Edward C. , Savini Giovanni , Di Giallonardo Francesca , Lorusso Alessio
Published: December 2022

Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a Culicoides-borne viral disease caused by the epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) associated with clinical manifestations in domestic and wild ruminants, primarily white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and cattle (Bos taurus). In late September 2021, EHDV was reported in cattle farms in central/western Tunisia. It rapidly spread throughout the country with more than 200 confirmed outbreaks. We applied a combination of classical and molecular techniques to characterize the causative virus as a member of the serotype EHDV-8. This is the first evidence of EHDV- 8 circulation since 1982 when the prototype EHDV-8 strain was isolated in Australia. This work highlights the urgent need for vaccines for a range of EHDV serotypes.
Integrated Analysis of MicroRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in the Fat Bodies of MbMNPV-Infected Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Liang Zhenpu , Yang Yanqing , Sun Xiaoyan , Du Junyang , Wang Qiuyun , Zhang Guozhi , Zhang Jiran , Yin Xinming , Singh Deepali , Su Ping , Zhang Xiaoxia
Published: December 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), are a novel class of gene expression regulators, that have been found to participate in regulating host–virus interactions. However, the function of insect-derived miRNAs in response to virus infection is poorly understood. We analyzed miRNA expression profiles in the fat bodies of Helicoverpa armigera (H. armigera) infected with Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses (MbMNPV). A total of 52 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were filtered out through RNA-seq analysis. The targets of 52 DEmiRNAs were predicted and 100 miRNA–mRNA interaction pairs were obtained. The predicted targets of DEmiRNAs were mainly enriched in the Wnt signaling pathway, phagosome, and mTOR signaling pathway, which are related to the virus infection. Real-time PCR was used to verify the RNA sequencing results. ame-miR-317-3p, mse-miR-34, novel1-star, and sfr-miR-6094-5p were shown to be involved in the host response to MbMNPV infection. Results suggest that sfr-miR-6094-5p can negatively regulate the expression of four host genes eIF3-S7, CG7583, CG16901, and btf314, and inhibited MbMNPV infection significantly. Further studies showed that RNAi-mediated knockdown of eIF3-S7 inhibited the MbMNPV infection. These findings suggest that sfr-miR-6094-5p inhibits MbMNPV infection by negatively regulating the expression of eIF3-S7. This study provides new insights into MbMNPV and H. armigera interaction mechanisms.
Epidemiology of Non-SARS-CoV2 Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs) in People Presenting with Influenza-like Illness (ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) in Senegal from 2012 to 2020
Authors: Faye Modeste Name , Barry Mamadou Aliou , Jallow Mamadou Malado , Wade Serigne Fallou , Mendy Marie Pedapa , Sy Sara , Fall Amary , Kiori Davy Evrard , Ndiaye Ndiende Koba , Goudiaby Deborah , Diamanka Arfang , Niang Mbayame Ndiaye , Dia Ndongo
Published: December 2022

In addition to emerging coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS, SARS-CoV-2), there are seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs): HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1. With a wide distribution around the world, HCoVs are usually associated with mild respiratory disease. In the elderly, young children and immunocompromised patients, more severe or even fatal respiratory infections may be observed. In Africa, data on seasonal HCoV are scarce. This retrospective study investigated the epidemiology and genetic diversity of seasonal HCoVs during nine consecutive years of influenza-like illness surveillance in Senegal. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from ILI outpatients or from SARI hospitalized patients. HCoVs were diagnosed by qRT-PCR and the positive samples were selected for molecular characterization. Among 9337 samples tested for HCoV, 406 (4.3%) were positive: 235 (57.9%) OC43, 102 (25.1%) NL63, 58 (14.3%) 229E and 17 (4.2%) HKU1. The four types circulated during the study period and a peak was noted between November and January. Children under five were the most affected. Co-infections were observed between HCoV types (1.2%) or with other viruses (76.1%). Genetically, HCoVs types showed diversity. The results highlighted that the impact of HCoVs must be taken into account in public health; monitoring them is therefore particularly necessary both in the most sensitive populations and in animals.
Comparative Epidemiology of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Strains from Viral Sequence Data
Authors: Pacioni Carlo , Hall Robyn N. , Strive Tanja , Ramsey David S. L. , Gill Mandev S. , Vaughan Timothy G.
Published: December 2022

Since their introduction in 1859, European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) have had a devastating impact on agricultural production and biodiversity in Australia, with competition and land degradation by rabbits being one of the key threats to agricultural and biodiversity values in Australia. Biocontrol agents, with the most important being the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 1 (RHDV1), constitute the most important landscape-scale control strategies for rabbits in Australia. Monitoring field strain dynamics is complex and labour-intensive. Here, using phylodynamic models to analyse the available RHDV molecular data, we aimed to: investigate the epidemiology of various strains, use molecular data to date the emergence of new variants and evaluate whether different strains are outcompeting one another. We determined that the two main pathogenic lagoviruses variants in Australia (RHDV1 and RHDV2) have had similar dynamics since their release, although over different timeframes (substantially shorter for RHDV2). We also found a strong geographic difference in their activities and evidence of overall competition between the two viruses.
Special Issue: “Host Factors in Plant Viral Infections”
Authors: Pina María Amelia Sánchez
Published: December 2022

I would like to thank all the authors that have published their manuscripts, the scientists who reviewed submitted manuscripts and made suggestions that improved the reports, and the editorial staff workers who put this Special Issue together [...]
Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of the Cage–Amide Derived Orthopox Virus Replication Inhibitors
Authors: Mozhaitsev Evgenii S. , Suslov Evgeniy V. , Rastrepaeva Daria A. , Yarovaya Olga I. , Borisevich Sophia S. , Khamitov Edward M. , Kolybalov Dmitry S. , Arkhipov Sergey G. , Bormotov Nikolai I. , Shishkina Larisa N. , Serova Olga A. , Brunilin Roman V. , Vernigora Andrey A. , Nawrozkij Maxim B. , Agafonov Alexander P. , Maksyutov Rinat A. , Volcho Konstantin P. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F.
Published: December 2022

Despite the fact that the variola virus is considered eradicated, the search for new small molecules with activity against orthopoxviruses remains an important task, especially in the context of recent outbreaks of monkeypox. As a result of this work, a number of amides of benzoic acids containing an adamantane fragment were obtained. Most of the compounds demonstrated activity against vaccinia virus, with a selectivity index SI = 18,214 for the leader compound 18a. The obtained derivatives also demonstrated activity against murine pox (250 ≤ SI ≤ 6071) and cowpox (125 ≤ SI ≤ 3036). A correlation was obtained between the IC50 meanings and the binding energy to the assumed biological target, the p37 viral protein with R2 = 0.60.
Origin and Reversion of Omicron Core Mutations in the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes
Authors: Zhao Xinwei , Qin Luyao , Ding Xiao , Zhang Yudi , Niu Xuefeng , Gao Feng , Jiang Taijiao , Chen Ling
Published: December 2022

Genetic analyses showed nearly 30 amino acid mutations occurred in the spike protein of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. However, how these mutations occurred and changed during the generation and development of Omicron remains unclear. In this study, 6.7 million (all publicly available data from 2020/04/01 to 2022/04/01) SARS-CoV-2 genomes were analyzed to track the origin and evolution of Omicron variants and to reveal the genetic pathways of the generation of core mutations in Omicron. The haplotype network visualized the pre-Omicron, intact-Omicron, and post-Omicron variants and revealed their evolutionary direction. The correlation analysis showed the correlation feature of the core mutations in Omicron. Moreover, we found some core mutations, such as 142D, 417N, 440K, and 764K, reversed to ancestral residues (142G, 417K, 440N, and 764N) in the post-Omicron variant, suggesting the reverse mutations provided sources for the emergence of new variants. In summary, our analysis probed the origin and further evolution of Omicron sub-variants, which may add to our understanding of new variants and facilitate the control of the pandemic.
Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and Waning Humoral Immunity: A Case Report
Authors: Goldman Jason D. , Wang Kai , Röltgen Katharina , Nielsen Sandra C. A. , Roach Jared C. , Naccache Samia N. , Yang Fan , Wirz Oliver F. , Yost Kathryn E. , Lee Ji-Yeun , Chun Kelly , Wrin Terri , Petropoulos Christos J. , Lee Inyoul , Fallen Shannon , Manner Paula M. , Wallick Julie A. , Algren Heather A. , Murray Kim M. , Hadlock Jennifer , Chen Daniel , Dai Chengzhen L. , Yuan Dan , Su Yapeng , Jeharajah Joshua , Berrington William R. , Pappas George P. , Nyatsatsang Sonam T. , Greninger Alexander L. , Satpathy Ansuman T. , Pauk John S. , Boyd Scott D. , Heath James R.
Published: December 2022

Recovery from COVID-19 is associated with production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, but it is uncertain whether these confer immunity. We describe viral RNA shedding duration in hospitalized patients and identify patients with recurrent shedding. We sequenced viruses from two distinct episodes of symptomatic COVID-19 separated by 144 days in a single patient, to conclusively describe reinfection with a different strain harboring the spike variant D614G. This case of reinfection was one of the first cases of reinfection reported in 2020. With antibody, B cell and T cell analytics, we show correlates of adaptive immunity at reinfection, including a differential response in neutralizing antibodies to a D614G pseudovirus. Finally, we discuss implications for vaccine programs and begin to define benchmarks for protection against reinfection from SARS-CoV-2.
A Closer Look at ACE2 Signaling Pathway and Processing during COVID-19 Infection: Identifying Possible Targets
Authors: Sodhi Pia V. , Sidime Francoise , Tarazona David D. , Valdivia Faviola , Levano Kelly S.
Published: December 2022

Since the identification of its role as the functional receptor for SARS-CoV in 2003 and for SARS-CoV-2 in 2020, ACE2 has been studied in depth to understand COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. ACE2 is a widely expressed protein, and it plays a major regulatory role in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone System (RAAS). The key to understanding susceptibility and severity may be found in ACE2 variants. Some variants have been shown to affect binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we discuss the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 infection, highlighting the importance of ACE2 isoforms (soluble and membrane-bound) and explore how ACE2 variants may influence an individual’s susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome.
Chimeric Human Papillomavirus-16 Virus-like Particles Presenting P18I10 and T20 Peptides from HIV-1 Envelope Induce HPV16 and HIV-1-Specific Humoral and T Cell-Mediated Immunity in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Chen Chun-Wei , Saubi Narcís , Kilpeläinen Athina , Joseph-Munné Joan
Published: December 2022

In this study, the HIV-1 P18I10 CTL peptide derived from the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 and the T20 anti-fusion peptide of HIV-1 gp41 were inserted into the HPV16 L1 capsid protein to construct chimeric HPV:HIV (L1:P18I10 and L1:T20) VLPs by using the mammalian cell expression system. The HPV:HIV VLPs were purified by chromatography. We demonstrated that the insertion of P18I10 or T20 peptides into the DE loop of HPV16 L1 capsid proteins did not affect in vitro stability, self-assembly and morphology of chimeric HPV:HIV VLPs. Importantly, it did not interfere either with the HIV-1 antibody reactivity targeting sequential and conformational P18I10 and T20 peptides presented on chimeric HPV:HIV VLPs or with the induction of HPV16 L1-specific antibodies in vivo. We observed that chimeric L1:P18I10/L1:T20 VLPs vaccines could induce HPV16- but weak HIV-1-specific antibody responses and elicited HPV16- and HIV-1-specific T-cell responses in BALB/c mice. Moreover, could be a potential booster to increase HIV-specific cellular responses in the heterologous immunization after priming with rBCG.HIVA vaccine. This research work would contribute a step towards the development of the novel chimeric HPV:HIV VLP-based vaccine platform for controlling HPV16 and HIV-1 infection, which is urgently needed in developing and industrialized countries.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Turkish Physicians towards Human Monkeypox Disease and Related Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sahin Taha Koray , Erul Enes , Aksun Melek Seren , Sonmezer Meliha Cagla , Unal Serhat , Akova Murat
Published: December 2022

Background: In May 2022, the monkeypox virus outbreak in multiple countries on various continents marked a potential resurgence of the disease as a global health issue. Considering the crucial role of physicians in mitigating the monkeypox outbreak, we sought to evaluate physicians’ knowledge, attitude, concerns, and vaccine acceptance for monkeypox, in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A large-scale, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 283 physicians between 20 August–2 September 2022, in Turkey. The participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, concerns, and vaccine acceptance toward monkeypox infection were collected via a questionnaire. Results: Our study revealed that 32.5% of physicians achieved a good level of knowledge; similarly, 31.4% of the physicians planned to have the monkeypox vaccine. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that female physicians (p = 0.031) and older people (≥30 vs. <30) were more likely to be knowledgeable about monkeypox (p = 0.007). We found that participants from divisions of internal medicine (p = 0.033) who knew about the monkeypox disease during medical school or residency (p = 0.005) and were previously exposed to COVID-19 disease (p = 0.005) were more likely to have a good knowledge score of monkeypox. We also found that physicians with a good knowledge score were more worried about monkeypox compared to COVID-19 (AOR: 2.22; 95% CI:1.13–4.33; p = 0.019). Additionally, those who had information on monkeypox during medical education (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.10–4.21; p = 0.024) were more likely to receive the smallpox vaccine to prevent monkeypox viral infection when available. Conclusions: The present study pointed out that physicians in Turkey have unsatisfactory levels of knowledge about the emerging monkeypox. This study results can impede attempts to detect and manage cases of monkeypox and should be addressed through appropriate and timely awareness and educational programs, alerts, and seminars. These might serve as the basis for policymakers’ decisions about promoting national monkeypox vaccination strategies and addressing potential vaccine hesitancy and misinformation when needed.
Nerve Fiber Immunohistochemical Panel Discriminates between Nerve Sheath and Perivascular Wall Tumors
Authors: Sisó Sílvia , Marco-Salazar Paola , Roccabianca Paola , Avallone Giancarlo , Higgins Robert J. , Affolter Verena K.
Published: December 2022

Benign and malignant nerve sheath tumors (NST) pose a major challenge in routine diagnostic anatomic pathology because of shared histomorphological features with other soft-tissue tumors (STT). As a result, NST are often diagnosed as STT, a broad category that encompasses various entities including perivascular wall tumors (PWT) and that represents approximately 15% of all skin tumors in dogs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can assist the identification of histologic subtypes of STT. This IHC pilot study applies various markers largely expressed by peripheral nerves to twelve benign and six malignant NST and determines the intratumoral protein expression of laminin, periaxin-1, Sox-10 and S-100 in the NST subtypes. Furthermore, this study assesses the usefulness of peripheral nerve markers applied to diagnostic work cases and demonstrates the relevance of laminin expression patterns, periaxin-1 and Sox-10 in assisting the differentiation of NST from other STT, in particular from PWT.
Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in the Danube River Basin: A Hydrological Modelling Study Using EURO-CORDEX Climate Scenarios
Authors: Probst Elisabeth , Mauser Wolfram
Published: December 2022

Climate change affects the hydrological cycle of river basins and strongly impacts water resource availability. The mechanistic hydrological model PROMET was driven with an ensemble of EURO-CORDEX regional climate model projections under the emission scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 to analyze changes in temperature, precipitation, soil water content, plant water stress, snow water equivalent (SWE) and runoff dynamics in the Danube River Basin (DRB) in the near (2031–2060) and far future (2071–2100) compared to the historical reference (1971–2000). Climate change impacts remain moderate for RCP2.6 and become severe for RCP8.5, exhibiting strong year-round warming trends in the far future with wetter winters in the Upper Danube and drier summers in the Lower Danube, leading to decreasing summer soil water contents, increasing plant water stress and decreasing SWE. Discharge seasonality of the Danube River shifts toward increasing winter runoff and decreasing summer runoff, while the risk of high flows increases along the entire Danube mainstream and the risk of low flows increases along the Lower Danube River. Our results reveal increasing climate change-induced discrepancies between water surplus and demand in space and time, likely leading to intensified upstream–downstream and inter-sectoral water competition in the DRB under climate change.
Evaluation by Means of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of the Transport of Phosphate Ions through a Heterogeneous Anion-Exchange Membrane at Different pH and Electrolyte Concentration
Authors: Rotta Eduardo Henrique , Martí-Calatayud Manuel César , Pérez-Herranz Valentín , Bernardes Andréa Moura
Published: December 2022

Electrodialysis is an innovative technique to reclaim phosphates from municipal wastewater. However, chemical reactions accompany the transport of these ions through ion-exchange membranes. The present study investigates the dependence of these phenomena on the initial pH and concentration of the phosphate-containing solution using a heterogeneous anion-exchange membrane. Linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronopotentiometry experiments were conducted for different phosphate-containing systems. For the most diluted solution, two limiting current densities (ilim) have been observed for pH 5 and 7.2, while only one ilim for pH 10, and correlated with the appearance of Gerischer arcs in EIS spectra. For pH 7.2, sub-arcs of Gerischer impedance were separated by a loop, indicating the involvement of the membrane functional groups. Increasing the phosphate concentration changed the system’s characteristics, reporting a single ilim. In the EIS spectra, the absence of Gerischer elements determined the attenuation of chemical reactions, followed by the development of a diffusion boundary layer, as indicated by the finite-length Warburg arcs. Chronopotentiometry clarified the mass transport mechanism responsible for distorting the diffusion boundary layer thickness at lower concentrations. The obtained results are expected to contribute to the phosphates recovery using electrodialysis in the most varied conditions of pH and concentration available in the environment.
The Influence of Different Climate and Terrain Factors on Vegetation Dynamics in the Lancang River Basin
Authors: Cheng Yao , Yuan Zeshen , Li Yajun , Fan Jingjing , Suo Meiqin , Wang Yuchun
Published: December 2022

Vegetation plays an important role in soil and water conservation, regulating the atmosphere and maintaining ecosystem stability, as well as influencing regional hydrology and water–sand processes. In this study, spatial patterns in the response of climate and terrain factors to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and its dynamic characteristics were examined in the Lancang River Basin, by using a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) according to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI data. The results showed that the NDVI in the study area showed a significant increasing trend in time, with 6.39% of the NDVI degraded and 90.85% of the NDVI increased in space. In the Pearson correlation analysis, precipitation was mainly negatively correlated with the NDVI, while temperature was mainly positively correlated with the NDVI, especially in Qinghai and Tibet. Among the soil types, iron-alluvium, incipient soils, and leached soils are particularly suitable for vegetation growth. In conclusion, the effects of climate and topographic factors on the NDVI are roughly the same in the Yunnan section, but opposite in the Qinghai section and Tibet section.
Multiwater Index Synergistic Monitoring of Typical Wetland Water Bodies in the Arid Regions of West-Central Ningxia over 30 Years
Authors: Pang Haiwei , Wang Xinwei , Hou Ruiping , You Wanxue , Bian Zhen , Sang Guoqing
Published: December 2022

The Shapotou National Nature Reserve in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is a typical arid region in China. There is an exceptionally serious problem of surface water resource conservation, and dynamic monitoring of surface water with the help of water indices can help to elucidate its change patterns and impact mechanisms. Here, we analysed the characteristics of interannual variation in surface water area in the study area from 1992–2021. The correlation coefficients of the surface water area in the previous year and the contemporaneous water bodies of the Yellow River with the total surface water area (TSWA) were calculated. The results show the following: ① In terms of the classification accuracy of the two methods, water indices and support vector machine classification, water indices are more suitable for water body extraction in the study area. In particular, the three water indices, NDWI, MNDWI and AWEIsh, were more effective, with average overall accuracies of 90.38%, 90.33% and 90.36% over the 30-year period, respectively. ② From the TSWA extraction results from the last 30 years, the TSWA showed an increasing trend with an increase of 368.28 hm2. Among the areas, Tenggeli Lake contributed the most to the increase in TSWA. ③ The highest correlation between the TSWA and the previous year’s TSWA was 0.89, indicating that the better way to protect the water body is to maintain water surface stability year-round. The surface water area of the Yellow River and TSWA also showed a strong correlation, indicating that the rational use of Yellow River water is also an important direction for the future conservation of water resources in the study area.
Coastal Erosion and a Characterization of the Morphological Dynamics of Arauco Gulf Beaches under Dominant Wave Conditions
Authors: Villagrán Mauricio , Gómez Matías , Martínez Carolina
Published: December 2022

Sandy coastlines in Chile currently have strong erosive tendencies. However, little is known about the morphodynamics of these coastlines; such knowledge would allow us to understand coastline changes and incorporate this knowledge into coastal management. Accordingly, the historical scale of coastal erosion and the morphodynamic characteristics of six beaches of the Arauco Gulf, central-southern Chile (36° S), were analyzed to determine the prevailing wave conditions during winter and summer. Historical changes in the relative position of the coastline were determined using DSAS v5.1. The coupled WAVE-FLOW-MOR modules of the Delft3D 4.02 software package were used for the morphodynamic analysis. Using image processing, it was established that erosion predominates in winter seasons for almost every beach analyzed. However, the Escuadrón beach presents this trend both in winter and summer, with rates of up to −0.90 m/year (2010–2021). In addition, accretion was observed in both stations at Tubul beach. On the other hand, numerical models for the dominant conditions predict accretion in the beaches of Escuadrón, Chivilingo, and Arauco, stable conditions for Coronel beach, and erosion in Llico.
Spatiotemporal Profile of Skeletal Development in Bonylip Barb, Osteochilus vittatus (Valenciennes, 1842)
Authors:   School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia, RACHMA SAILA , MADIHAH MADIHAH , SUMARSONO SONY HERU
Published: December 2022

Skeletal development is essential in supporting aquaculture success, as failure and deformities reduce fish viability and growth. Herein, the cartilage and bone formation in the larva and juvenile of the bonylip barb, Osteochilus vittatus (Valenciennes, 1842), is described in detail for the first time. Mature fish were injected with ovaprim at 0.5 mL.kg-1 body weight, followed by artificial spawning. After fertilisation, the embryos were reared in a glass container at 28 ± 1 °C. The first hatchling was observed at 26 h and 15 min post-fertilisation (pf), and the last was observed at 48 hpf. The cartilage and bone development were observed from 1 to 30 days post-hatching (dph) by alcian blue and alizarin red S staining. Freshly hatched fish larvae had not undergone either chondrification or ossification. The cartilage was observed at 1 dph, marked with Meckel’s cartilage, ethmoid plate, and pectoral fin, as the pre-larva had a standard length (SL) of 5 mm. At 5 dph (SL of 5.6 ± 0.55 mm), 3 to 4 pairs of basidorsal and basiventral were observed. The cartilaginous development ended at 26 dph as the SL reached 14.3 ± 0.57 mm. The ossification started at 20 dph (SL of 9.24 ± 0.68 mm) and was marked with opercle and cleithrum. At 26 dph, as the post-larvae length 14.3 ± 0.57 mm, dentary, pterotic, and parasphenoid were ossified. Juvenile fish at 30 dph (SL of 21.2 ± 3.9 mm) showed completed ossification processes in the cranium and vertebrae.
Papa Franjo, medijski i doktrinarni revolucionar? Između medijske percepcije i zbilje
Authors: Šola Ivica
Published: December 2022

Zbog progrediranja svijeta kao simulakruma, kao kopije za koju ne postoji original, u Francuskoj se rodila ideja za jedan novi medijski proizvod. Radi se o bivšim novinarima Libérationa koji su željeli utemeljiti novi tip novinarstva i nazvali ga slow journalism. On kreće „u rat” protiv „vijesti bez memorije”, vijesti koje konzumiramo, ali ih ne promišljamo, ne produbljujemo, ne analiziramo, pa, u krajnjem smislu, i ne razumijemo, ma koliko se činile jasnima i preciznima. Na tom tragu u ovom radu propitujemo medijske izjave i geste pape Franje u kontekstu „vijesti bez memorije”, nastojeći vidjeti je li to što papa Franjo govori ili čini, od pitanja homoseksualaca, brige za sirotinju, pastorala rastavljenih i ponovno vjenčanih, odnosa prema medijima te drugih tema, nešto „revolucionarno” i „novo”, što njegovi prethodnici nisu na svoj način činili i govorili.
Obraz granicy i pogranicza polsko-rosyjskiego. Historia i współczesność – przyczynek do badań
Authors: Miroński Tomasz
Published: December 2022

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie ewolucji obszarów przygranicznych między Polską a obwodem kaliningradzkim w Federacji Rosyjskiej oraz wstępnej analizy społeczno-ekonomicznej pogranicza polsko-rosyjskiego w latach 1945-2022, która posłuży do dalszych dociekań naukowych. Granica ta na początku swojego funkcjonowania stanowiła zamknięty, a nawet wręcz wrogi obszar. Rozpad Związku Radzieckiego pozwolił na nawiązywanie i rozwijanie wzajemnych relacji. Ich apogeum stanowiło wprowadzenie w 2012 r. zasad małego ruchu granicznego. Pandemia, a później wojna w Ukrainie zmieniły granicę w trudną do przekroczenia barierę. To dla powiatów przygranicznych spore wyzwanie. Od początku przemian ustrojowych znajdują się w krajowej czołówce stopy bezrobocia, a granica przez dwadzieścia lat była motorem rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. Była też nieformalnym, ale największym zakładem pracy mieszkańców pogranicza. Zupełne zamknięcie granicy pokazało, jak jej otwartość była ważna dla mieszkańców polskiego i rosyjskiego pogranicza.
Analisis Perputaran Piutang pada Perusahaan
Authors: Nurjanah Gebi Lia , Handayani Anita
Published: December 2022

Credit sales are made by companies with the hope that they will increase product sales at the company.  In the last 3 years the company 's sales have fluctuated (not stable). If sales fluctuate, receivables will also experience the same thing.  With this happening, the company must be able to manage receivables properly so that bad debts do not occur in the company.  The purpose of this research is to analyze the level of accounts receivable turnover in 2019-2021. This study used a descriptive qualitative method by conducting interviews and collecting data in the form of documents that aim to create an accurate picture of the facts and phenomena that occur in accounts receivable turnover.  Based on data analysis carried out on the source of PT ABC's financial statements in 2020, the turnover of accounts receivable was 28.48 times in one period and the age of receivables was 13 days.  In 2021, receivables turnover is 75.39 times in one period and receivables are aged for 5 days. Based on the SOP that has been set by the company, the overall management of receivables turnover at PT ABC from 2019-2021 has been well managed because the company is able to collect its receivables very quickly and before they are due.
Kompensasi dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Dharma Robby , Yulianti Melia , Nadia Putri
Published: December 2022

Employee performance is the result of a person's work in quality and quality in accordance with predetermined standards based on the responsibilities given. Employee performance is one aspect that must be considered in a company. The reason is, if the performance of employees in the company is not good, it will affect the development and progress of the company itself. Agrimitra Utama Persada, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra". This data collection method is by distributing questionnaires with a sample of 70 respondents, the data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis. Analysis in this study used Descriptive Statistical Tests, Classical Assumption Tests (Normality Tests, Multicollinearity Tests, and Heteroscedasticity Tests), Partial Coefficient Test (t-test), Simultaneous Coefficient Test (F-Test), Determination Coefficient Test (R2) and path analysis. As for the overall data analysis using SPSS 24. The results of this study concluded that: a.There is a positive and significant effect of compensation on job satisfaction. b. There is a positive and significant effect of work motivation on job satisfaction. c. There is a positive and significant influence of compensation on employee performance. d. There is a positive and significant influence of work motivation on employee performance. e. There is a positive and significant influence of work motivation on employee performance. f. Job satisfaction cannot mediate the effect of compensation on employee performance. g. Job satisfaction can mediate the effect of work motivation on employee performance.
Resiliensi di LKSA: Perceived Social Support dan Problem Focused Coping pada Remaja
Authors: Putri Meidina Dwi , Setyowibowo Hari , Purba Fredrick Dermawan
Published: December 2022

Adolescence who live in orphanages faced adversity in their life who are different from adolescence in general. They are required to be able to overcome the problems on their own without parents. The inability to overcome these problems can increase the risk of stress and prone to emotional problems. This study aims to determine the relationship between perceived social support and problem-focused coping on the level of resilience of adolescence in Bandung orphanages. The population of this study was adolescence who lives in Bandung orphanages. Respondents in this study were 70 adolescents aged 15-17 using purposive sampling technique. Two-stage clusters method used for determining the sample of the orphanage. The scales used in this study are Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Brief-COPE), and 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14). Respondents filled out the questionnaires with a paper and pencil test in their orphanages. The data analysis using descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results of data analysis showed that perceived social support and problem-focused coping together affect resilience of 41% with the strength of the relationship at moderate level. The regression coefficient values for perceived social support variable (4,051) and problem-focused coping variable (1,162). This showed that perceived social support more influence than problem-focused coping on adolescence resilience.
Determinant of Malaria Reinfection
Authors: Sahiddin Muhamad , Felle Zeth Roberth
Published: December 2022

Malaria reinfection is one of the concerns in the management of malaria in endemic areas. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the incidence of malaria reinfection. The study used an analytical observational approach with a cross-sectional study design which was conducted in Mei-June 2021 in Keerom Regency, Papua. The research sample amounted to 127 respondents who were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis used fisher's exact test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that there was an effect of using mosquito repellent (p = 0.001), the habit of hanging clothes (p = 0.046) and the presence of standing water (p = 0.042) on the incidence of malaria reinfection. Meanwhile, adherence to taking malaria medication (p= 0.623), habit of going out (p= 0.441), habit of using mosquito nets (p= 1,000) and the presence of mosquito netting (p= 0.706) did not affect the incidence of malaria reinfection. It is necessary to conduct health education about the use of mosquito repellent, the habit of hanging clothes and intervention in the community's living environment.