bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of TERT, OGG1, and CHRNA5 Polymorphisms and the Predisposition to Lung Cancer in Eastern Algeria
Authors: Mimouni Asma , Rouleau Etienne , Saulnier Patrick , Marouani Amina , Abdelali Med Lamine , Filali Taha , Beddar Leila , Lakehal Abdelhak , Hireche Ahmed , Boudersa Asma , Aissaoui Mahmoud , Ramtani Hacene , Bouhedjar Khalid , Abdellouche Djamel , Oudjehih Messaouda , Boudokhane Ibtissem , Abadi Noureddine , Satta Dalila
Published: March 2020

Lung cancer remains the most common cancer in the world. The genetic polymorphisms (rs2853669 in TERT, rs1052133 in OGG1, and rs16969968 in CHRNA5 genes) were shown to be strongly associated with the risk of lung cancer. Our study’s aim is to elucidate whether these polymorphisms predispose Eastern Algerian population to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To date, no study has considered this association in the Algerian population. This study included 211 healthy individuals and 144 NSCLC cases. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan probes and Sanger sequencing, and the data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression adjusted for covariates. The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of TERT rs2853669, CHRNA5 rs16969968, and OGG1 rs1052133 polymorphisms in controls were C: 20%, A: 31%, and G: 29%, respectively. Of the three polymorphisms, none shows a significant association, but stratified analysis rs16969968 showed that persons carrying the AA genotype are significantly associated with adenocarcinoma risk (pAdj=0.03,ORAdj=2.55). Smokers with an AA allele have a larger risk of lung cancer than smokers with GG or GA genotype (pAdj=0.03,ORAdj=3.91), which is not the case of nonsmokers. Our study suggests that CHRNA5 rs16969968 polymorphism is associated with a significant increase of lung adenocarcinoma risk and with a nicotinic addiction.
An Overview of the Molecular Methods in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Infectious Diseases
Authors: Amjad Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Gastrointestinal infectious diseases are very common worldwide and an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in infants in developing countries. Diarrhea and other intestinal infections are caused by a wide range of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites. Conventional diagnosis of these infections is performed by culture, microscopy, and antigen detection immunoassays. The traditional culture and microscopy procedures are time-consuming, lack sensitivity, and require special laboratory setup and well-trained staff. However, based on the advancement in the molecular diagnostics and with the introduction of commercially available tests, traditional diagnostic techniques have been continuously replaced by these newer rapid antigen detection and molecular-based methods. This review summarizes and discusses the availability, advantages, and disadvantages of molecular methods in the detection and identification of human gastrointestinal pathogens.
Synthesis, Radical-Scavenging Activities, and Protective Effects against AAPH-Induced Oxidative Damage in DNA and Erythrocytes of Piperine Derivatives
Authors: Qin Bei , Yang Kuan , Cao Ruijun
Published: March 2020

Piperine amino acid derivatives containing phenolic hydroxyl groups were synthesized using piperine as the raw material by amide hydrolysis, amidation, ester hydrolysis, and deacetalization. The obtained products were characterized by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The antioxidant activity of the piperine derivatives was evaluated by the DPPH and ABTS scavenging rates and the total antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the piperine amino acid (4a–4d) had relatively weak radical-scavenging ability, while the piperine amino acid derivatives (5a–5d) containing phenolic hydroxyl groups had significant radical-scavenging effects. In addition, the total reducing ability of 5a–5d was better than that of piperine. The study also found that piperine derivatives containing phenolic hydroxyl groups played an important role in inhibiting oxidative damage in DNA and erythrocytes.
A Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using a Support Vector Machine Optimised by the Self-Regulating Particle Swarm
Authors: Fan Yerui , Zhang Chao , Xue Yu , Wang Jianguo , Gu Fengshou
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a novel model for fault detection of rolling bearing is proposed. It is based on a high-performance support vector machine (SVM) that is developed with a multifeature fusion and self-regulating particle swarm optimization (SRPSO). The fundamental of multikernel least square support vector machine (MK-LS-SVM) is overviewed to identify a classifier that allows multidimension features from empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to be fused with high generalization property. Then the multidimension parameters of the MK-LS-SVM are configured by the SRPSO for further performance improvement. Finally, the proposed model is evaluated through experiments and comparative studies. The results prove its effectiveness in detecting and classifying bearing faults.
Antiarrhythmic Mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine Dingji Fumai Decoction
Authors: Liang Bo , Zhou Yan , Fu Ling , Liao Hui-Ling
Published: March 2020

Background. Dingji Fumai decoction (DFD) is used to treat ventricular arrhythmia, and it has provided a very good curative effect. However, its cellular electrophysiological mechanism is unknown. Methods. Electrocardiogram was recorded, and oxidative stress response and ion‐channel‐related molecules were detected in rats with barium chloride‐ and aconitine‐induced ventricular arrhythmia. Moreover, whole‐cell patch‐clamp assay was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of DFD on Nav1.5 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Results. DFD prolonged the occurrence time and shortened the duration of ventricular arrhythmia, decreased the malondialdehyde and increased the superoxide dismutase, and alleviated the activation of Na+‐K+‐ATPase and connexin‐43. DFD suppressed Nav1.5dose‐dependently with an IC50 of 24.0 ± 2.4 mg/mL. Conclusions. The clinical antiarrhythmic mechanisms of DFD are based on its antioxidant potential, alleviation of Na+‐K+‐ATPase and connexin‐43, and class I antiarrhythmic properties by suppressing Nav1.5dose‐dependently with an IC50 of 24.0 ± 2.4 mg/mL.
Endonuclease FEN1 Coregulates ERα Activity and Provides a Novel Drug Interface in Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer
Authors: Flach Koen D. , Periyasamy Manikandan , Jadhav Ajit , Dorjsuren Dorjbal , Siefert Joseph C. , Hickey Theresa E. , Opdam Mark , Patel Hetal , Canisius Sander , Wilson David M. , Donaldson Collier Maria , Prekovic Stefan , Nieuwland Marja , Kluin Roelof J.C. , Zakharov Alexey V. , Wesseling Jelle , Wessels Lodewyk F.A. , Linn Sabine C. , Tilley Wayne D. , Simeonov Anton , Ali Simak , Zwart Wilbert
Published: March 2020

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a key transcriptional regulator in the majority of breast cancers. ERα-positive patients are frequently treated with tamoxifen, but resistance is common. In this study, we refined a previously identified 111-gene outcome prediction-classifier, revealing FEN1 as the strongest determining factor in ERα-positive patient prognostication. FEN1 levels were predictive of outcome in tamoxifen-treated patients, and FEN1 played a causal role in ERα-driven cell growth. FEN1 impacted the transcriptional activity of ERα by facilitating coactivator recruitment to the ERα transcriptional complex. FEN1 blockade induced proteasome-mediated degradation of activated ERα, resulting in loss of ERα-driven gene expression and eradicated tumor cell proliferation. Finally, a high-throughput 465,195 compound screen identified a novel FEN1 inhibitor, which effectively blocked ERα function and inhibited proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant cell lines as well as ex vivo–cultured ERα-positive breast tumors. Collectively, these results provide therapeutic proof of principle for FEN1 blockade in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.

Significance:

These findings show that pharmacologic inhibition of FEN1, which is predictive of outcome in tamoxifen-treated patients, effectively blocks ERα function and inhibits proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant tumor cells.
White Matter High Signals Interfere with Noncontrast Computed Tomography in the Early Identification of Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Lin Jixian , Li Xutong , Wu Guoqing , Chen Xi , Weng Yingfeng , Wang Hao , Song Bin , Yu Jinhua , Zhao Jing
Published: March 2020

Background: We developed an image patch classification-based method to detect early ischemic stroke. The accuracy of this method was >75%. We aimed to analyze patients’ image data to identify interference factors that would affect its accuracy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 162 patients who were hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke. Factors related to the noncontrast computed tomography (ncCT) determination results were analyzed according to the patient’s sex, age, clinical symptoms, cerebral infarction volume, cerebral infarction location, and whether or not the white matter high (WMH) signal was combined. Results: The volume of cerebral infarction was positively correlated with the predicted results. The correct percentages of patients with volumes >1 and <1 mL were 59.18 and 83.19%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). The correct percentage of the internal capsule region (47.1%) was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p = 0.011). The correct percentage of lateral ventricular paraventricular infarction was significantly lower than that of non-lateral ventricle patients (70.8 vs. 85.7%). In patients with lateral ventricular paraventricular infarction, if the WMH was combined, the correct percentage will decreased further as the Fazekas level increased. The correct percentage of lateral ventricle infarction combined with Fazekas 3 was 40.0%, which was statistically significant compared with the patient having Fazekas 0 with lateral ventricular infarction (p = 0.01). Conclusions: WMH had a similar computed tomography appearance to cerebral infarction and could interfere with the prediction of the cerebral infarction region by ncCT. This result provides a reference for clinicians to choose imaging methods for identifying acute cerebral infarction areas.
Audiological Findings in Patients with Vestibular Migraine and Migraine: History of Migraine May Be a Cause of Low-Tone Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Xue Junfang , Ma Xin , Lin Yunjuan , Shan Haijun , Yu Lisheng
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the auditory findings in migraine, vestibular migraine (VM), and healthy controls. Methods: Twenty-eight migraine patients (56 ears), 18 VM (36 ears), and 25 healthy controls (50 ears) were included. Audiometry, speech discrimination scores, distortion product optoacoustic emission (DPOAE), and auditory brainstem response were tested. Results: The pure tone in the VM group showed higher thresholds at lower frequencies (250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 Hz) than the control group, with statistical differences observed (P250 Hz = 0.001, P500 Hz = 0.003, P1,000 Hz = 0.016, P2,000 Hz = 0.002). Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with VM had significantly lower amplitudes of DPOAE at 1 kHz (p < 0.001) and 2 kHz (p = 0.020), and the patients with migraine had lower amplitudes at 2 kHz (p = 0.042). Compared with the control group, the patients with migraine reported prolonged latency of wave V (p = 0.016) and IPL I–V (p = 0.003). The patients with VM had significant prolongation of IPL I–V (p = 0.024). Conclusion: Not only the peripheral, but also the central auditory system was involved in patients with migraine and VM. In particular, lower frequencies of the auditory system were more likely to be involved in VM. The history of migraine may be a cause of low-tone sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Serotonin Syndrome Developing Immediately after the Initiation of Low-Dose Methadone Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Kumai Masayoshi , Maeda Yosuke , Miura Mototsugu , Tsuruga Kenkichi , Yamada Takehiro , Takekuma Yoh , Sugawara Mitsuru
Published: March 2020

We present a case in which serotonin syndrome developed immediately after the initiation of low-dose methadone following an increase in oxycodone dose and the initiation of duloxetine. The symptoms of serotonin syndrome were alleviated and later disappeared upon cessation of methadone alone. The case was a 47-year-old woman with a desmoid tumor. The administration of duloxetine (20 mg/day) was initiated while the patient took oxycodone sustained-release tablets (40 mg/day). The following day, excessive perspiration, chills, and tremors appeared after the initiation of 15 mg/day methadone. Discontinuation of methadone led to an alleviation of the symptoms which completely disappeared 3 days later. The results suggest that low-dose methadone can trigger serotonin syndrome as early as after the first dose. Thus, it is important to be aware of the risks and to immediately take action if symptoms appear.
Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Treatment for Vulvar Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Zhao Baokui , Xue Hui
Published: March 2020

Vulvar cancer is a rare malignant tumor occurring in elderly postmenopausal women. At present, surgery is the main treatment for vulvar cancer. Chemotherapy alone has no obvious therapeutic effect as a treatment for vulvar cancer, so it is often combined with radiotherapy or surgery. Selective arterial infusion chemotherapy and embolization is rarely used for the treatment of vulvar cancer. A 63-year-old Tibetan woman underwent superselective arteriography and embolization. On the 7th day after the operation, the vulvar tumor was necrotic and fell off, and a skin defect at the left labia majora appeared. This patient had no other serious complications. Arterial embolization can block the blood supply to a vulvar tumor, has an obvious effect in reducing the tumor, and can even induce tumor necrosis and make the tumor fall off. However, the skin defect after necrosis and abscission does not heal easily, and even carries the risk of local bleeding, which should be paid attention to by the interventionalist and oncologist. The clinical effects of transcatheter arterial embolization for vulvar cancer still need to be studied by interventionalists and oncologists.
Liberal Transfusion versus Restrictive Transfusion and Outcomes in Critically Ill Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zheng Yan , Yu Kun , Gu Juan
Published: March 2020

Objective: We aimed to determine whether the restrictive red-cell transfusion strategy was superior to the liberal one in reducing all-cause mortality in critically ill adults. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched from inception to January 2019 to identify meta-analyses or systematic reviews and published randomized controlled trials which were restrictive versus liberal blood transfusion with mortality as the endpoint in critically ill adults. We used two search routes whereby one search was restricted to systematic reviews, reviews, or meta-analysis, and the other was not restricted. There were no date restrictions, but language was limited to English and the population was restricted to critically ill adults. The data of study methods, participant characteristics, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed independently by 2 reviewers. The main outcome was all-cause mortality. Results: Through screening the obtained records, we enrolled 7 randomized clinical trials that included information on restrictive versus liberal red-cell transfusion and mortality of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Involving a total of 7,363 ICU adult patients, ICU mortality (risk ratio [RR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62, 1.08, p = 0.15), 28/30-day mortality (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.84, 1.13, p = 0.74), 60-day mortality (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.87, 1.16, p = 0.91), 90-day mortality (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.92, 1.14, p = 0.69), 120-day mortality (RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.67, 2.47, p = 0.44), and 180-day mortality (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.75, 1.12, p = 0.38) were not statistically significantly different when the restrictive transfusion strategy was compared with the liberal transfusion strategy. However, we surprisingly discovered that 112 out of 469 (24%) patients who received a unit RBC transfusion when hemoglobin was less than 7 g/dL, and 142 out of 469 (30.3%) who received a unit of RBC transfused with hemoglobin less than 9 g/dL, had died during hospitalization (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64, 0.97, p = 0.03). The results showed that the restrictive transfusion strategy could decrease in-hospital mortality compared with the liberal transfusion strategy. It was safe to utilize a restrictive transfusion threshold of less than 7 g/dL in stable critically ill adults. Conclusions: In this study, we found that the restrictive red-cell transfusion strategy potentially reduced in-hospital mortality in critically ill adults with anemia compared with the liberal strategy.
Targeting Myeloid-Specific Integrin α9β1 Improves Short- and Long-Term Stroke Outcomes in Murine Models With Preexisting Comorbidities by Limiting Thrombosis and Inflammation
Authors: Dhanesha Nirav , Jain Manish , Tripathi Amit K. , Doddapattar Prakash , Chorawala Mehul , Bathla Girish , Nayak Manasa K. , Ghatge Madankumar , Lentz Steven R. , Kon Shigeyuki , Chauhan Anil K.
Published: March 2020

Rationale:

Currently, there is no effective intervention available that can reduce brain damage following reperfusion. Clinical studies suggest a positive correlation between the increased influx of neutrophils and severity of brain injury following reperfusion. Integrin α9β1 is highly expressed on activated neutrophils and contributes to stable adhesion, but its role in stroke outcome has not been demonstrated to date.

Objective:

We sought to determine the mechanistic role of myeloid-specific α9β1 in the progression of ischemic stroke in murine models with preexisting comorbidities.

Methods and Results:

We generated novel myeloid-specific α9-deficient (
α9
−/−
) wild type (
α9

fl/fl

LysMCre
+/−
), hyperlipidemic (
α9

fl/fl

LysMCre
+/−
Apoe
−/−
), and aged (bone marrow chimeric) mice to evaluate stroke outcome. Susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury was evaluated at 1, 7, and 28 days following reperfusion in 2 models of experimental stroke: filament and embolic. We found that peripheral neutrophils displayed elevated α9 expression following stroke. Irrespective of sex, genetic deletion of α9 in myeloid cells improved short- and long-term stroke outcomes in the wild type, hyperlipidemic, and aged mice. Improved stroke outcome and enhanced survival in myeloid-specific
α9
−/−
mice was because of marked decrease in cerebral thromboinflammatory response as evidenced by reduced fibrin, platelet thrombi, neutrophil, NETosis, and decreased phospho-NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, and IL (interleukin)-1β levels.
α9
−/−
mice were less susceptible to FeCl
3
injury-induced carotid artery thrombosis that was concomitant with improved regional cerebral blood flow following stroke as revealed by laser speckle imaging. Mechanistically, fibronectin containing extra domain A, a ligand for integrin α9, partially contributed to α9-mediated stroke exacerbation. Infusion of a specific anti-integrin α9 inhibitor into hyperlipidemic mice following reperfusion significantly reduced infarct volume and improved short- and long-term functional outcomes up to 28 days.

Conclusions:

We provide genetic and pharmacological evidence for the first time that targeting myeloid-specific integrin α9β1 improves short- and long-term functional outcomes in stroke models with preexisting comorbidities by limiting cerebral thrombosis and inflammation.
Relationship Between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Incident Heart Failure Among Older Women: The WHI
Authors: Wu Wen‐Chih , Huang Mengna , Taveira Tracey H. , Roberts Mary B. , Martin Lisa W. , Wellenius Gregory A. , Johnson Karen C. , Manson JoAnn E. , Liu Simin , Eaton Charles B.
Published: March 2020

Background

Women represent a large proportion of the growing heart failure (
HF
) epidemic, yet data are lacking regarding optimal dietary and lifestyle prevention strategies for them. Specifically, the association between magnesium intake and
HF
in a multiracial cohort of women is uncertain.

Methods and Results

We included 97 725 postmenopausal women from the WHI (Women's Health Initiative) observational studies and placebo arms of the hormone trial. Magnesium intake was measured at baseline by a 122‐item validated food‐frequency questionnaire and stratified into quartiles based on diet only, total intake (diet with supplements), and residual intake (calibration by total energy). Incident hospitalized
HF
(2153 events, median follow‐up 8.1 years) was adjudicated by medical record abstraction. In Cox proportional hazards models, we evaluated the association between magnesium intake and
HF
adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were repeated on a subcohort (n=18 745; median‐follow‐up, 13.2 years) for whom
HF
cases were subclassified into preserved ejection fraction (526 events), reduced ejection fraction (291 events) or unknown (168 events). Most women were white (85%) with a mean age of 63. Compared with the highest quartile of magnesium intake, women in the lowest quartile had an increased risk of incident
HF
, with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.32 (95%
CI
, 1.02–1.71) for diet only (
P
trend=0.03), 1.26 (95%
CI
, 1.03–1.56) for total intake, and 1.31 (95%
CI
, 1.02–1.67) for residual intake. Results did not significantly vary by race. Subcohort analyses showed low residual magnesium intake was associated with HF with reduced ejection fraction (hazard ratio, 1.81, lowest versus highest quartile; 95%
CI
, 1.08–3.05) but not HF with preserved ejection fraction.

Conclusions

Low magnesium intake in a multiracial cohort of postmenopausal women was associated with a higher risk of incident
HF
, especially HF with reduced ejection fraction.
Collagen Turnover in Relation to Risk Factors and Hemodynamics in Human Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Hackenberg Katharina A.M. , Rajabzadeh-Oghaz Hamidreza , Dreier Rita , Buchholz Bruce A. , Navid Ali , Rocke David M. , Abdulazim Amr , Hänggi Daniel , Siddiqui Adnan , Macdonald R. Loch , Meng Hui , Etminan Nima
Published: March 2020

Background and Purpose—

Determinants for molecular and structural instability, that is, impending growth or rupture, of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remain uncertain. To elucidate this, we endeavored to estimate the actual turnover rates of the main molecular constituent in human IA (collagen) on the basis of radiocarbon (
14
C) birth dating in relation to IA hemodynamics.

Methods—

Collagen turnover rates in excised human IA samples were calculated using mathematical modeling of
14
C birth dating data of collagen in relation to risk factors and histological markers for collagen maturity/turnover in selected IA. Hemodynamics were simulated using image-based computational fluid dynamics. Correlation, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed.

Results—

Collagen turnover rates were estimated in 46 IA (43 patients); computational fluid dynamics could be performed in 20 IA (20 patients). The mean collagen turnover rate (γ) constituted 126% (±1% error) per year. For patients with arterial hypertension, γ was greater than 2600% annually, whereas γ was distinctly lower with 32% (±1% error) per year for patients without risk factors, such as smoking and hypertension. There was a distinct association between histological presence of rather immature collagen in human IA and the presence of modifiable risk factors. Spatial-temporal averaged wall shear stress predicted rapid collagen turnover (odds ratio, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.0–2.7]). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated a good test accuracy (area under the curve, 0.798 [95% CI, 0.598–0.998]) for average wall shear stress with a threshold ≥4.9 Pa for rapid collagen turnover.

Conclusions—

Our data indicate that turnover rates and stability of collagen in human IA are strongly associated with the presence of modifiable risk factors and aneurysmal hemodynamics. These findings underline the importance of strict risk factor modification in patients with unruptured IA. Future should include more detailed risk factor data to establish a more causal understanding of hemodynamics and the rupture risk of individual IA.
A Concubine’s Rape, an Apostle’s Flight, and a Nation’s Reconciliation
Authors: Hays Christopher M. , Acosta Milton
Published: March 2020

This article applies collective trauma theory to biblical interpretation in order to respond to a 21st-century humanitarian crisis. Utilizing recent advances in social-scientific theory, the article examines how the books of Judges and the Acts of the Apostles can function in distinct and complementary fashions as “collective trauma narratives.” Judges 19-21 is interpreted as narrating the Levite’s “polarizing” trauma narrative and subverting it with a reconciling narrative. Acts 6-8 and 12 are also examined as trauma narratives speaking to the loss of early Christian leaders, promoting a vision of forgiveness and hope of divine justice.  The article applies trauma theory to biblical interpretation for the purpose of addressing the armed conflict in Colombia. We propose that the theological visions of the trauma narratives of Judges and Acts (regarding forgiveness, resistance, flight, and reconciliation) are poignant for Colombian religious communities seeking peace and healing in the wake of violence and displacement.
Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Chrysididae
Authors: ROSA PAOLO , GADALLAH NEVEEN S. , BROTHERS DENIS J.
Published: March 2020

An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Chrysididae is provided here. Three new synonymies (valid name first) are proposed: Chrysis mirifica Balthasar, 1953 = Chrysis dawahi Strumia, 2012 syn. nov.; Chrysis viridissima Klug, 1845 = Chrysis decolorata Strumia & Dawah, 2019 syn. nov.; Trichrysis longispina (Mocsáry, 1912) = Trichrysis flavicornis Strumia & Dawah, 2019 syn. nov.. Consequently, the list includes 124 identified species in 22 genera and three tribes, all in the subfamily Chrysidinae: Elampini (11 genera, 48 species), Chrysidini (9 genera, 73 species), and Parnopini (2 genera, 3 species). In addition, there is a single record of an unidentified species of the subfamily Cleptinae. Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species and subspecies; 41 species (33%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula, as are five subspecies.
Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Dryinidae
Authors: OLMI MASSIMO
Published: March 2020

An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Dryinidae is provided here. The list includes 40 identified species in eight genera and five subfamilies: Anteoninae (2 genera, 11 species), Aphelopinae (1 genus, 4 species), Bocchinae (2 genera, 5 species), Dryininae (1 genus, 5 species) and Gonatopodinae (2 genera, 15 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species; nine species (23%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula.
Annealing Effect on Morphology Optical and Crystallographic Properties of Solution-Based Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films
Authors: Gani Shaikh Raees A. , More Sagar A. , Bisen Gauri G. , Ghosh Sanjay S.
Published: March 2020

CZTS chalcopyrite semiconductor has received attention as a promising alternative as an absorber in thin-film solar cells because of the high absorption coefficient, direct bandgap (1.5 eV), nontoxic elements and sustained high electrical and optical properties. In the present work,
CZTS thin film has been developed by the sol–gel spin coating method by thermal decomposition of metal ions and thiourea complexes under ambient environment. Annealing study of the above prepared CZTS thin films has been performed. The prepared CZTS samples were annealed at different
temperatures 250 °C, 275 °C, 300 °C, and 325 °C respectively. Crystallographic structure, surface morphology, and optical properties were studied. XRD pattern shows the kesterite structure of the films with characteristics peaks for planes (112), (200), (220), and (312). Crystallite
size, strain and dislocation densities were calculated. Sample annealed at 300 °C shows the most intense XRD peak and hence larger grain size. Grain size tends to increase as the annealing temperature increases up to 300 °C. At 325 °C SEM images show that cracks are formed in the
film. At lower temperatures uniform, homogenous, smooth and densely packed films are formed. Raman spectroscopy is used to determine phase purity because many of binary and ternary chalcogenides show XRD peaks at similar positions to that of CZTS. A single peak at 336 cm–1
shows the pure kestrite phase of CZTS for all films.
Influence of Rutile Nano TiO2 on Thrust Force, Mechanical, Wear and Microstructural Behavior of Al–SiC Composites
Authors: Kumar N. Prem , Mani N. , Palanikumar K.
Published: March 2020

We studied microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of Al6061 SiC reinforced with Rutile Nano TiO2 (1, 2 and 3 wt%) composites. Al MMCs were fabricated by stir casting process and strength of the composite was measured by thrust force using drilling process. Drilling
parameter, such as drill diameter, speed of spindle and feed rate produced thrust force on Rutile Nano TiO2 reinforced Al–SiC Composite. Results indicated that thrust force increased due to increased feed rate and drill diameter and was reduced by increasing the spindle speed.
Surface of drilled area of given composite was investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Tensile, Compressive and Micro hardness were found to increase (16.2%, 33.2% and 22%) by increasing the Nano TiO2 in Al–SiC composites.
Moreover, it was also observed that density (2.66%) and impact strength (22.4%) also decreased. Wear test was conducted using pin on disc method and the result showed that the wear rate (14%) was decreased by adding Nano TiO2. Wear tested composite was examined by SEM and indicated
that abrasive, cavity, fragmentation and oxidation were the predominant wear mechanisms.
Actors and justifications in media debates on Arctic climate change in Finland and Canada: A network approach
Authors: Kukkonen Anna , Stoddart Mark CJ , Ylä-Anttila Tuomas
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we examine the centrality of policy actors and moral justifications in media debates on Arctic climate change in Finland and Canada from 2011–2015. We take a network approach on the media debates by analysing relations between the actors and justifications, using discourse network analysis on a dataset of 745 statements from four newspapers. We find that in both countries, governments and universities are the most central actors, whereas business actors are the least central. Justifications that value environmental sustainability and scientific knowledge are most central and used across actor types. However, ecological justifications are sometimes in conflict with market justifications. Government actors emphasize new economic possibilities in the Arctic whereas environmental organizations demand greater protection of the vulnerable Arctic. Ecological justifications and justifications that value international cooperation are more central in the Finnish debate, whereas justifications valuing sustainability and science, as well as those valuing national sovereignty, are more central in the Canadian debate. We conclude that in addition to the centrality of specific policy actors in media debates, the use of different types of moral justifications also reflects political power in the media sphere.
How Dictators Control the Internet: A Review Essay
Authors: Keremoğlu Eda , Weidmann Nils B.
Published: March 2020

A growing body of research has studied how autocratic regimes interfere with internet communication to contain challenges to their rule. In this review article, we survey the literature and identify the most important directions and challenges for future research. We structure our review along different network layers, each of which provides particular ways of governmental influence and control. While current research has made much progress in understanding individual digital tactics, we argue that there is still a need for theoretical development and empirical progress. First, we need a more comprehensive understanding of how particular tactics fit into an overall digital strategy, but also how they interact with traditional, “offline” means of autocratic politics, such as cooptation or repression. Second, we discuss a number of challenges that empirical research needs to address, such as the effectiveness of digital tactics, the problem of attribution, and the tool dependence of existing research.
Service use and recovery among currently and formerly homeless adults with mental illness
Authors: Kerman Nick , Sylvestre John
Published: March 2020

Background:

A range of health and social services exist to address the many life adversities experienced by people with mental illness. However, the effects of services on their recovery in the context of ongoing homelessness and poverty have been minimally examined.

Aims:

This qualitative study sought to better understand the role of health and social services in the recovery processes of people with mental illness and histories of homelessness. Similarities and differences in the perceived impacts of services on recovery between currently and formerly homeless participants were also explored.

Method:

In-depth interviews were conducted with 52 currently and formerly homeless people with mental illness. Informed by a recovery framework, qualitative data were analyzed using two cycles of coding.

Results:

Services were perceived to affect recovery by (1) finding ways to cope and get by, (2) feeling less alone, (3) giving back, (4) being dehumanized or seen as someone and (5) encountering restrictions when getting help. Experiences of discrimination, fewer opportunities to give back and limited service options were heightened among participants experiencing homelessness compared to the housed group.

Conclusion:

Health and social services can promote and hinder recovery among currently and formerly homeless people with mental illness. Despite several differences between the two groups, the relationship between recovery and service use was similar for currently and formerly homeless participants, suggesting that both groups access services to address needs related to social connection, health and functioning and meaningful activities.
Self-Defeating Personality: Is There a Secondary Gain?1
Authors: Schill Thomas , Sharp Michelle
Published: March 2020

No support was found for the hypothesis that self-defeating behavior results in secondary gain, i.e., more supportive behaviors from others.
The Regulation of Alcohol and other Drugs in a Colonial Context: United States Policy towards the Philippines, C. 1898–1910
Authors: Tyrrell Ian
Published: March 2020

The article compares attitudes towards and laws regulating the use of alcohol and opium in the United States (US) colonial possession of the Philippines. Forces within the United States and missionary groups in the field in the Philippines fought to have the supply of alcohol to American troops restricted by abolition of the military canteen system, and to eliminate use of alcohol among the indigenous population. To achieve these aims, they developed highly skilled networks of political lobbying led by Wilbur Craft's International Reform Bureau. Temperance, church and missionary groups differed among themselves over the relative seriousness of the two drugs’ impact in the Philippines, but skillfully adapted their tactics in the light of experience in the colony to focus on opium. They developed a tacit coalition with the US government, using the Philippines opium policy to distinguish the United States as a morally superior colonial ruler. By lobbying the government to oppose opium use in the East Asia region, they served to promote an American regional hegemony, and provided an important departure point for modern US drug poalicies.
Maximum power point tracking and power flow management of hybrid renewable energy system with partial shading capability: A hybrid technique
Authors: Satheesh Kumar S , Immanuel Selvakumar A
Published: March 2020

A grid connected hybrid energy system combining wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) array generating system with energy storage system to supply continuous power to the load using hybrid technique is exhibited in this dissertation. The proposed hybrid technique is the joint execution of both the binary chaotic crow search optimizer (BCCSO) with grey wolf optimizer and random forest algorithm (GWORFA) and hence it is named as BCCSO-GWORFA technique. The main aim of the proposal is to optimally track the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and to maintain the power flow of the grid connected HRES. Here, the BCCSO-based MPPT procedure optimizes the exact duty cycles required for the DC-DC converter of the PV under partial shading conditions and WT system under variable speed conditions based on the voltage and current parameters. On the other hand, the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) learning procedure-based random forest algorithm (RFA) predicts the control signals of the voltage source inverter (VSI) based on the active and reactive power variations available in the load side. To predict the control parameters, the proposed technique considers power balance constraints like RES accessibility, storage element state of charge, and load side power demand. The proposed strategy is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink working platform. The performance of the HRES is assessed by utilizing the comparison analysis with the existing techniques. The comparison results invariably prove the proposed hybrid technique effectiveness and confirm its potential to solve the related issues with efficiency of 99.5%.
Phase partition and identification based on kernel entropy component analysis and multi-class support vector machines-fireworks algorithm for multi-phase batch process fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Min , Wang Ruiqi , Cai Zhenyu , Cheng Wenming
Published: March 2020

For the characteristics of nonlinear and multi-phase in the batch process, a self-adaptive multi-phase batch process fault diagnosis method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, kernel entropy component analysis (KECA) method is used to achieve multi-phase partition adaptively, which makes the process data mapped into the high-dimensional feature space and then constructs the core entropy and the angular structure similarity. Then a multi-phase KECA failure monitoring model is developed by using the angular structure similarity as the statistic, which is based on the partitioned phases and the effective failure features by the KECA feature extraction method. A multi-phase batch process fault diagnosis method, which applies the multi-class support vector machines (MSVM) and fireworks algorithm (FWA), is proposed to recognize each sub-phase fault diagnosis automatically. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed multi-phase fault diagnosis method are illustrated with a case study on a fed-batch penicillin fermentation process.
Improving Robustness in Q-Matrix Validation Using an Iterative and Dynamic Procedure
Authors: Nájera Pablo , Sorrel Miguel A. , de la Torre Jimmy , Abad Francisco José
Published: March 2020

In the context of cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs), a Q-matrix reflects the correspondence between attributes and items. The Q-matrix construction process is typically subjective in nature, which may lead to misspecifications. All this can negatively affect the attribute classification accuracy. In response, several methods of empirical Q-matrix validation have been developed. The general discrimination index (GDI) method has some relevant advantages such as the possibility of being applied to several CDMs. However, the estimation of the GDI relies on the estimation of the latent group sizes and success probabilities, which is made with the original (possibly misspecified) Q-matrix. This can be a problem, especially in those situations in which there is a great uncertainty about the Q-matrix specification. To address this, the present study investigates the iterative application of the GDI method, where only one item is modified at each step of the iterative procedure, and the required cutoff is updated considering the new parameter estimates. A simulation study was conducted to test the performance of the new procedure. Results showed that the performance of the GDI method improved when the application was iterative at the item level and an appropriate cutoff point was used. This was most notable when the original Q-matrix misspecification rate was high, where the proposed procedure performed better 96.5% of the times. The results are illustrated using Tatsuoka’s fraction-subtraction data set.
Promoting Retention of Alternative Certified Teachers Through Professional Development
Authors: Rose Amanda L. , Sughrue Jennifer A.
Published: March 2020

Due to the nature of alternative preparation paths to classroom teaching and the unique challenges these teachers face, alternative certified teacher quality and retention are questionable. The purpose of this study was to investigate school leaders’ knowledge of the challenges of these teachers, the support provided in light of that knowledge, and the potential impact of the support on teacher retention. Alternative certified teachers need increased, differentiated professional development opportunities that support classroom performance, resulting in retention and student achievement.
Effect of Round Window Opening Size on Residual Hearing Preservation in Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Gotamco Giselle L. , Sun Chuan‐Hung , Chou Yi‐Fan , Hsu Chuan‐Jen , Wu Hung‐Pin
Published: March 2020

Objectives

This study aims to compare the hearing preservation outcomes in cochlear implant surgery following slit versus full opening of the round window membrane.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Study Design

Comparative study.

Subjects and Methods

Seventy patients (mean, 26.3 years; range, 2‐69 years) who underwent cochlear implantation via the round window approach were included in the study. Thirty‐five subjects were prospectively enrolled for cochlear implantation via the open round window technique between August 2018 and January 2019. Thirty‐five patients who underwent cochlear implantation from January 2017 to July 2018 via the slit round window opening, frequency matched by sex and age, were retrospectively enrolled. Pre‐ and postoperative thresholds were obtained. The percentage of hearing preservation was computed with the HEARRING Network formula and classified into complete, partial, and minimal hearing preservation. The results between the groups were compared and analyzed at 6 months postoperatively.

Results

The rate of complete hearing preservation in the open group was statistically significant (P =. 030) at 71.4% (n = 25) as compared with 45.7% (n = 16) in the slit group.

Conclusions

The widely opened round window may be an optional technique that surgeons can utilize to improve hearing preservation outcomes.
Effectiveness of acupuncture vs. core stability training in balance and functional capacity of women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Garrido-Ardila Elisa María , González-López-Arza María Victoria , Jiménez-Palomares Maria , García-Nogales Agustín , Rodríguez-Mansilla Juan
Published: March 2020

Objective:

This study investigated the effectiveness of a core stability training physiotherapy programme vs. acupuncture for the management of balance and functional capacity impairments of women with Fibromyalgia.

Design:

Single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Outpatients setting.

Subjects:

Women with Fibromyalgia and balance impairment.

Interventions:

Participants were randomized to a core stability physiotherapy programme group ( n = 45), acupuncture treatment group ( n = 45) and control group ( n = 45) for 13 weeks.

Main Measures:

Measures were taken at baseline (week 0), postintervention (week 6) and follow-up (week 13). The primary outcome measures were static balance (posturography) and dynamic balance and functional mobility (Berg Balance Scale, timed up and go test and 10-m walk). The secondary outcome measure was functional capacity (Fibromyalgia Health Assessment Questionnaire and the physical function item from the Spanish Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire).

Results:

In all, 103 participants completed the study. The results showed statistically significant improvements in the acupuncture and physiotherapy groups vs. the control group at week 6 regarding Berg Balance Scale ( P = 0.00, both groups), timed up and go test ( P = 0.00 and P = 0.01, respectively) and 10-m walk test at comfortable speed ( P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). The 10-m walk test at maximum speed showed significance when comparing the physiotherapy and control group ( P = 0.03). However, no significant differences were found between the physiotherapy and the acupuncture groups. In relation to functional capacity, the improvements achieved after the treatments were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Core stability-based physiotherapy and acupuncture improve dynamic balance and postural control in women with Fibromyalgia.
Building Connections and Relationships at School: Youth Reflect on Mentoring Their Younger Peers
Authors: Coyne-Foresi Melissa , Nowicki Elizabeth
Published: March 2020

Most peer mentoring studies have focused on outcomes for mentees. This investigation examines seventh- and eighth-grade youth mentors’ roles in providing support and companionship to younger peer mentees. Group concept mapping (GCM) explored youth mentors’ reflections on the connections and relationships made through a peer mentoring program, 2 to 4 years after participating in the program. Results showed three key concepts: (a) Communication Skills, (b) Relationships With Mentees, and (c) Connections With School and Staff. Mentors noted their improved communication skills with mentees and improved interpersonal relations with fellow mentors and school staff. Implications and future research are discussed.
Genicular Artery Embolization for Recurrent Hemarthrosis of the Knee Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Power Stephen P. , Cairns Brooke , Prabhudesai Vikramaditya , Marcuzzi Dan , Waddell James P. , Vincent George , Common Andrew A.
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To retrospectively review the safety and efficacy of genicular artery embolization procedures performed at our institution in patients presenting with recurrent knee hemarthrosis following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 13 consecutive patients (average age: 68; range 51-84, 62% female) were identified who underwent 14 genicular artery embolization procedures after presenting with recurrent hemarthrosis after TKA. Patient charts were retrospectively reviewed for demographic information, pre-embolization investigations, and details of embolization procedure including complications, technical success, and clinical success. Each patient had failed initial conservative therapy and all patients had a diagnostic aspiration performed by the referring physician prior to the procedure. The average time between TKA and embolization in our cohort was 21 months.

Results:

All procedures performed were technically successful, defined as elimination of periprosthetic hypervascular blush. An average of 3.6 genicular vessels were embolized in each patient; 355 to 500 µm polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles were used in each case. There were no cases of transient cutaneous ischemia, skin erythema, or skin necrosis. Clinical success was obtained in 85.7% of cases, defined by elimination of the presenting clinical symptoms (knee pain and swelling) during continued follow-up by the referring clinician.

Conclusion:

Particle embolization is a safe and effective treatment for recurrent hemarthrosis after arthroplasty and our experience suggests that utilizing particle sizes of greater than 300 µm appears to be important in order to avoid cutaneous ischemic complications.