bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTION OF RUSSIAN BIKE CULTUREFROM MAD MAX TO NIGHT WOLF
Authors:   «Theatre-EX», Semenova E. A.
Published: September 2024

The subject of this article is the specifics of the representation of the biker figure in modern screen culture and the influence of this representation on Russian bike culture. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the evaluation criteria used by sociologists in relation to the foreign culture of bikers are not applicable to the Russian bike culture, which was formed in a different historical and cultural situation. The author puts forward a hypothesis according to which the image of the hero inthe bike culture “Night Wolves” was formed under the influence of the series of films “Mad Max” directed by D. Miller. However, identification with the images of bikers presented in D. Miller’s films in this subculture went along the line of separation from them, towards identification with the main character Max. For the first time, the long-term spectacular activity of the “Night Wolves” in the field of creating New Year’s fairy tales for children is considered as an example of the evolution of the imageof the hero in this bike culture from Mad Max, as a warrior driven by personal revenge, to the Night Wolf, embodying the image of a folk hero. It is concluded that the image of the main character of the film is D. Miller Max Rokatansky became the startingpoint in the creation of a unique wolf epic by representatives of the “Night Wolves” subculture. The study is based on the results of a study of street communities. Thrasher, the theory of primary and secondary identification of the viewer with the movie character K. Metz, studies of the genres “biker movie” and “road movie”, the concept of the development of self-awareness of the personality of V. S. Mukhina.
THE MYTHOPOETICS OF THE ARCHADERESSE (A STORY IN A GLASS OF WINE)
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Shevchenko O. K. , Dorofeeva A. A. ,   V.I.Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: September 2024

The article explores the mythopoetic terroir of the Kozskaya and Tokluk valleys on the southeastern coast of Crimea near the city of Sudak. The basis of the mythopoetic reality of wine, from the point of view of the authors, is the historical events associated with the stay of the Hellenes, Genoese, and Ottoman Turks in these places. Throughout the history of winemaking, since antiquity, the wine-making tradition in this terroir has not been interrupted, which has allowed the preservation of more than fifty indigenous grape varieties growing only in this area. The special piquancy of this area is given by the fact that it was in this region that the Russian school of scientific viticultureand winemaking began to take shape. The rich history has left a noticeable mark in the folklore of the indigenous inhabitants of the valleys, which became the basis for the release of the popular book series “Legends of the Crimea”. The authors are convinced that the essence of the wines of JSC “Sunny Valley” can be fully revealed only through an appeal to the mythopoeic logic of combined historical and fabulous impressions, which connects a specific historical fact, the legend of the area with the aroma, taste and color of wine into a single cognitive node. Specific examples of mythopoetic rebranding of the following wine brands are offered: Kokur of the Sunny Valley (dry white wine), Tokluk Montepulciano (complex dry red wine), Porto of the Sunny Valley red (liqueur wine), Cahors of the Sunny Valley (liqueur wine). The reference points for building the mythopoetics of wines are the images of: Pericles (Kokur), the knight Carlo Lomellino or the brothers Guasco (“Tokluk” Montepulciano), Athanasius Nikitin (Porto), the temple of Kilis-Kai (Cahors).
The Exploitation Of Bacteriophages For The Biocontrol Of Spoilage And Pathogenic Bacteria Including Mrsa
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Kelly David
Published: September 2024

"This thesis describes the successful isolation and characterisation of novel phages with applications in the medical/veterinary sector and also in the food and beverage industry. This thesis begins with a comprehensive literature review on the biocontrol applications of phages which will appear as a book chapter in “Phage therapy; Current research and applications” edited by Andrzej Gorski in the Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental therapy, Wroclaw, Poland. Chapters 2 to 5 encompass the technical part of the thesis work, which begins with the isolation and characterization of phages of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus which cause spoilage in the brewing industry'. Genome sequencing of one of these phages revealed its unique nature and unusual genome organisation. This Pediococcus phage, clPl had no close homologues in the genomic databases. Its closest relative was a Lactobacillus plantarum phage, OJL-1, which showed some homology in 22 ORFs. The second part of the technical work investigated phage K resistance mechanisms in the medically important pathogen S. aureus, and on this basis led to the development of modified derivatives of this phage with broader host ranges. Combination of six of these modified derivatives into a phage mixture with the parent phage K resulted in the generation of a potent anti- staphylococcal cocktail for biocontrol applications. Subsequently, this phage mixture was exploited for the successful prevention of S. aureus biofilms and also removal of established biofilm biomass. In addition, inflammatory immune response assays using primary human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) indicated that stimulation of these cells with phage K did not induce expression of adhesion molecules, transcriptional activators, or cytokines suggesting a lack of an immune response to phage K in these cells."
Increasing Organ Donation In Ireland : Social Marketing And Infrastructural Improvements.
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Sullivan Ronan
Published: September 2024

A qualitative approach was taken, through industry professional interviews from PR, Social Media, Communications and Marketing backgrounds, to ascertain how social media is impacting on an organisations brand image and how Public relations professionals will have to adapt to the social media phenomenon.
Effects Of Cyclic Loading On Offshore Foundation Systems
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Browne Shane
Published: September 2024

"A brief description of the various offshore foundation systems currently available is provided in this report, including the advantages and disadvantages for each system and water depth in which they can be used. These foundation types include floating structures, jacket structures, gravity base structures and the monopile foundation, on which this research specifically focuses. The monotonic lateral loading of the monopile structure is also examined and the reasons why monotonic testing is required are highlighted, along with the potential analysis that can be generated to improve the design of the monopile foundation. A review of previous test programmes for monopiles is carried out, where the piles have been modified with steel wings to increase the bearing capacity of the monopile in the weaker upper soil layers. The results of the analysis show that the modified monopile system does appear to increase the capacity of the monopile whilst reducing the total lateral displacement at the top of the pile. This validates the reason for attaching wings to such piles and indicates the necessity for the pile to be tested under cyclic load conditions. The cyclic loading of a monopile system is investigated. The potential analysis of cyclic loading to improve the design process is examined. The different types of cyclic loading that may occur on a monopile are considered, such as zero based loading and full reversal loading, as well as how they would occur in real environmental conditions. An appraisal in regard to the validity of using a sine wave to model the environmental conditions is undertaken. Previous test data is analysed to show how other research programmes determined failure of the pile and how the wings should theoretically behave under cyclic loading. In addition recommendations are offered in regard to the proposed testing series to be undertaken as part of this project, including the frequency at which the load will be applied and the number of cycles for which the test is expected to be run. A variety of relevant software packages -that will be utilised throughout the research are examined, including how the software packages will analyse the monopile system as a whole unit and how the results will be validated to ensure the accuracy in predicting the displacement and loads at a given number of cycles. Finally, conclusions are presented in regard to what have been identified as possible foundation solutions for an offshore wind turbine. Recommendations are provided in terms of the constant parameters used in the test series and the software that will be used to analysis it, while a relevant Journal to which the final paper of the research can be submitted is discussed."
A Finite Element Study Of Precast Prestressed Concrete Circular Tanks Subject To Elevated Temperatures
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Minehane Michael
Published: September 2024

"The current study investigates the influence of heated water storage, upward of 95°C, on precast prestressed concrete circular tanks. Modem design standards for liquid- retaining concrete structures stipulate that thermal effects are to be considered for the serviceability limit state. They are also to be considered for the ultimate limit state when deemed significant. The standards, however, do not provide guidance for the analysis of such effects. Research in this area is also limited and exclusively concerned with ambient thermal conditions, with a maximum temperature of 30 °C in any instance. A finite element study incorporating thermo-mechanical coupling investigates the magnitude of stresses associated with thermal storage, leading to the proposal of design tables for the analysis of thermal effects. Consequent design implications are established and recommendations made for accommodating the thermal loading. Moreover, a linear eigenvalue analysis reveals that the ultimate limit state of buckling of the tank wall is a necessary consideration due to the thermally-induced combined axial compression and bending."
The Effectiveness Of Food Tourism Branding: The Case Of Kinsale, The Gourmet Food Capital Of The South.
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Riordan Lisa
Published: September 2024

"Kinsale is a small fishing village in West Cork. During the summer months, the population increases from three thousand to over twelve thousand, due to the influx of tourists. This may be attributed, in no small way, to Kinsale’s reputation as the gourmet capital of Ireland. Kinsale has been at the core of Ireland’s food circles for many years, and has successfully branded itself as a food tourism destination. Despite Ireland’s long association with agriculture, food tourism is a relatively unknown concept in the country. Food tourism includes visiting food producers, attending food festivals, restaurants and specific locations for food tasting or experiencing the attributes of specific food. Food tourism as a market in Ireland is valued at over two billion euro. There is much potential for regions in Ireland to grow this significantly. Literature on food tourism, such as branding regions as food centres, is a growing area. Traditionally, it seems Ireland has held an inferiority complex in relation to food. Much evidence now exists to suggest that this is changing. There are certain key tourist markets with an interest in Irish food, namely, the domestic market with an older demographic. Kinsale’s success as a food destination was found to be due to a number of factors, including its proximity to Cork Airport and the ability of all stakeholders to work together. There is potential for other locations in Ireland to replicate Kinsale’s success. This may be possible if regions work with their own unique advantages. Food on its own is not enough of an enticing factor to get tourists to visit Kinsale, but rather is seen as another asset. Food tourism in Ireland is a little explored concept and this research hopes to contribute to its growth as an area of study."
Composition - Structure - Property Relationships In Strontium / Zinc Doped Glass-ceramics.
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Looney Mark
Published: September 2024

Calcium silicate ceramics are amongst a group of ceramic materials currently utilised as bone graft materials. However, current calcium silicate grafts offer little therapeutic potential and poor mechanical properties. The objective of this project was to examine the composition-structure-property relationships arising from the incorporation of therapeutic ions of strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn) into calcium silicate glass-ceramics (GC) in order to allow for healthy bone regeneration and antibacterial efficacy. Five compositions were studied with varying mole fractions of Sr and Zn. The GC’s were characterised using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD) at room and ascending temperatures, x-ray tomography (XRT) and dilatometry. The evolution of crystalline phases for each GC was investigated up to the materials’ first temperature of crystallisation, where it was established that BTl 10, BTl 11 and BTl 12 comprised of biocompatible materials, namely sodium calcium silicate in the case of BTl 10, calcium silicate in BTl 11, and calcium silicate and sodium silicate in BTl 12. BTl 11 and BTl 12 also contained a Sr rich glass phase within the glass ceramic. Based on the characterisation data, GC foams were fabricated with structures permissive for osseous integration and vascularisation. The foams had an average porosity of 94% and Sr and Zn release was quantified over 1, 7 and 30 days, under normal (NPC) and extreme physiological conditions (EPC) for each GC. The Zn release results at pH 7.4 ranged from lppm-30ppm and indicated that under NPC, all examined Zn-containing GC’s have potential as therapeutic bone grafts, but, under EPC, the high Zn levels (74ppm-600ppm) may produce cytotoxic effects. Sr-containing GC’s demonstrated Sr release in the range 6ppm-318ppm at pH 7.4 and 138ppm-582ppm at pH 3, and indicated that all GC’s s may have therapeutic potential under both physiological conditions. BTl 10, BTl 11 and BTl 12 sintered disks were found to have biaxial flexural strengths (BFS) in excess of both hydroxyapatite and p-tricalcium phosphate, following incubation in simulated physiological conditions with average maximum values of 120MPa, 149Mpa and 121 Mpa, respectively. The antibacterial activity of BTl 10, BTl 11, and BTl 12 was then assessed by the zone of inhibition test using three bacterial strains commonly associated with orthopaedic implant infections. BTl 12 exhibited a zone of inhibition for all three bacteria used. The radii of the zones of inhibition were as follows - E.faecalis 13 mm ±0.2 mm, MRSA 6.5 mm ±0.2 mm and P. aeruginosa 16 mm±0.2 mm. Also shown in Figure 7(C), BTl 10 demonstrates an inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa with a halo of inhibition present whose radius was measured at 3.8 mm±0.2 mm. The results of the work carried out indicate that the glass ceramics investigated have excellent potential in both load bearing and non-load bearing application, whilst providing therapeutic benefit at a local level.
Optimisation Of Cold-formed Steel Purlin Cross-sections
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Clifford Matt
Published: September 2024

"The subject of buckling of steel members is introduced and the critical nature of local buckling in slender members is highlighted. The main thrust of work this semester is an investigation into the following buckling modes: Flexural buckling; Lateral torsional buckling; Torsional buckling; Shear buckling; Web buckling; Distortional buckling; Local buckling. This investigation has three main components: 1. Review of theory, books and appropriate published work; 2. Investigation into the relevant parts of Eurocode 3; 3. Finite element analysis using the LUSAS FE program to illustrate the various buckling modes. Finally, the areas to be covered in the Realisation Stage of the project in semester 3, including goals and potential complications are laid out"
THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING MODELS OF PROMISING HYBRID GROUND-SPACE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Пантелеймонов И.Н.
Published: September 2024

Представлено описание моделей и уровней взаимодействия технологий, систем и элементов с целью формирования системного подхода, необходимого для проведения анализа и синтеза перспективных гибридных наземно-космических систем связи.

A description of models and levels of interaction of technologies, systems and elements is presented in order to form a system approach necessary for the analysis and synthesis of advanced hybrid ground-space communication systems.
NALYSIS OF A FINE-CRYSTALLINE CORUNDUMRECRYSTALLIZATION IN SUPERCRITICALWATER MEDIUM USING THE LOGNORMALPARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONFUNCTION
Authors: Ивакин Ю.Д. , Данчевская М.Н.
Published: September 2024

Рассмотрен механизм синтеза мелкокристаллического корунда из гидроксидаалюминия в условиях индуцированного зародышеобразования в среде сверхкритического водного флюида при температуре 400 °С, начальном давлении 26,4 МПаи последующей продолжительной выдержке в среде синтеза. Распределение поразмерам кристаллов строилось на основе анализа электронно-микроскопических фотографий. Обосновано использование логнормальной функции для описания распределения по размерам кристаллов синтезированного порошка корунда. Проанализирована возможность использования логнормальной функциираспределения по размерам кристаллов синтезированного порошка корунда изависимости от времени ее параметров для выявления маршрутов формирования кристаллов продукта. Установлено, что размерный спектр микрокристалловимеет четыре компонента, появление которых связано с различными маршрутами их формирования. Число компонентов распределения сохраняется в ходепоследующей изотермической выдержки, но их средние характеристики имеютразличную зависимость от времени. Изменение долей компонентов при рекристаллизации, приводящее в целом к уменьшению среднего размера кристаллов, объяснено отличиями в подвижности структуры кристаллов разных компонентов. Сделан вывод о различии состояния корунда во вновь образованных кристаллах инаращенного на частицы индуцирующей добавки.

A mechanism of the fine-crystalline corundum synthesis from aluminum hydroxide inthe conditions of induced nuclеation in the supercritical water fluid at 400°C, aninitial pressure of 26.4 MPa, and subsequent exposure in a synthesis medium is considered.The size distribution of the crystals was based on the analysis of electron microscopicimages. The use of the lognormal function to describe the crystal size distribution ofthe synthesized corundum particles is substantiated. The possibility of using thelognormal particle size distribution function and the time dependence of its parametersto reveal the formation routes of the product crystals is analyzed. It is found that thedimensional spectrum of microcrystals has four components, the appearance of whichis associated with different routes of the product formation. The number of distributioncomponents remains unchanged during the prolonged exposure, but their averagecharacteristics have different time dependences. The redistribution of the mass duringrecrystallization, which leads, on the whole, to a decrease in the average crystal size, isexplained by differences in the mobility of the crystal structure of different components. It is concluded that the states of corundum in the newly formed crystals and in thebuildup layer on the particles of the inducing additive are different.
Evaluation of Efficiency of BiologicallyActive Compounds SubcriticalExtraction from the ChamomileFlowers (Chamomilla recutita R.) Growing in the Samara Region
Authors: Павлова Л.В. , Платонов И.А. , Куркин В.А. , Афанасьева П.В. , Новикова Е.А. , Муханова И.М.
Published: September 2024

Методами УФ-спектроскопии, газовой хроматографии с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием (ГХ-МС), высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ВЭЖХ) и гравиметрии изучены экстракты биологически активных соединений (БАС) из цветков ромашки аптечной, произрастающей в Самарскойобласти, полученные с использованием субкритической воды, а также водныхрастворов этанола различной концентрации при 150 и 200 °С и 5 МПа. Проведенаидентификация БАС полученных экстрактов с применением реакционной газовой хроматографии.

UV-spectroscopy, gas chromatography / mass spectrometry, high efficiency liquidchromatography and gravimetry methods were employed to study the extracts ofbiologically active substances (BAS) from the flowers of chamomile growing in theSamara region. The extracts were obtained using the subcritical water and aqueoussolutions of ethanol at 150 and 200 °С and 5 MPa. The BAS in the extracts were identifiedusing a reactive gas chromatography.
Crystallization of Polymer Mixtures in theCourse of their Dispersing Using theSEDS Method
Authors: Хабриев И.Ш. , Патрушева М.Н. , Хайрутдинов В.Ф. , Хузаханов Р.М. , Гумеров Ф.М. , Гарипов Р.М.
Published: September 2024

Приведены результаты экспериментального исследования характеристик фазовых равновесий для систем, включающих толуол, сверхкритический СО2 и сополимеры этилена с винилацетатом (СЭВА). Проведено совместное диспергирование полимерных смесей СЭВА и полиэтилена высокого давления методом SEDSпри 8,0-25,0 МПа и 313, 323 и 333 К. Сравнение процессов плавления и кристаллизации в полученных смесях сополимеров с процессами в смесях того же состава, полученных смешением в расплаве, показало, что использование метода SEDSприводит к увеличению степени кристалличности полимерных смесей.

The results of an experimental study of the characteristics of phase equilibria for thesystems consisting of toluene, supercritical carbon dioxide and ethylene-vinyl acetatecopolymers (EVAC) are presented. The joint dispersing of different EVAC's andpolyethylene using the SEDS method is performed at 8.0-25 MPa and 313, 323 and 333 K. A comparison of melting and crystallization processes in the mixtures of copolymersshows that those obtained by the SEDS method have higher degree of crystallinity ascompared with the mixtures of the same compositions, but obtained by melt mixing.
SOLVATION OF HYDROXYBENZOIC AND HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE. PECULIARITIES OF HYDROGEN BONDING WITH A POLAR COSOLVENT
Authors: Гурина Д.Л. , Антипова М.Л. , Одинцова Е.Г. , Петренко В.Е.
Published: September 2024

С использованием метода классической молекулярной динамики исследована селективная сольватация молекул гидроксибензойных кислот (орто-, мета- и пара-гидроксибензойной, протокатеховой, галловой, сиреневой) и гидроксикоричных кислот (пара-кумаровой, кофейной) полярным сорастворителем (метанол) в среде сверхкритического диоксида углерода при температуре 318 K., плотности 0,7 г/см и концентрации метанола 3,5 мольн. %. Предметом изучения являются локализация сорастворителя в ближайшем окружении растворенного вещества, образование кластеров сорастворителя вокруг растворенного вещества, число и характер водородных связей между молекулами растворенного вещества и сорастворителя, особенности структуры водородносвязанных комплексов, связанные с молекулярным строением растворенного вещества (количеством и расположением гидроксильных групп, замещением гидроксильных водородов метальными фрагментами, наличием этиленовой группы).

Selective solvation of hydroxybenzoic (ortho-, meta- and para-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, gallic, syringic) acids and hydroxycinnamic (para-coumaric, caffeic) acids by polar cosolvent (methanol) in supercritical carbon dioxide at temperature 318 K., solvent density 0.7 g/cm and methanol concentration 3.5 mol. % is studied using molecular dynamics method. The subject of the study is the formation of cosolvent clusters around solute, the solute - cosolvent hydrogen bonding, the structural features of hydrogen-bonded complexes associated with the molecular structure of solute (the number and location of hydroxyl groups, the substitution of hydroxyl hydrogens by methyl groups, and the presence of ethylene group between carboxyl group and benzene ring).
FEATURES OF DISTRIBUTION OF PHOTOACTIVE FILLERS IN POLYMERIC MATRIXES OF DIFFERENT NATURE AT THEIR IMPREGNATION IN THE MEDIUM OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE
Authors: Копылов А.С. , Юсупов В.И. , Черкасова А.В. , Шершнев И.В. , Тимашев П.С. , Соловьева А.Б.
Published: September 2024

Методом флуоресцентной микроскопии изучено распределение фотоактивных соединений (ФАС) в полимерных матрицах, импрегнированных в среде сверхкритического диоксида углерода (СК-С0). Показано, что характер распределения ФАС в полимерах зависит от природы матрицы, степени взаимодействия вводимых молекул ФАС с фрагментами полимера, соответствующих коэффициентов диффузии. Такая информация может оказаться востребованной при разработках функционально ориентированных полимерных систем, импрегнированных ФАС (гетерогенный катализ, фотохромные материалы, медицина).

Fluorescence microscopy was used to study the distribution of photoactive compounds (PAC) in polymer matrixes impregnated in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO). It is shown that the character of the PAC distribution in polymers depends on the nature of the matrix, the degree of interaction of the introduced compounds with polymer fragments, and the sizes of the photoactive compounds corresponding diffusion coefficients. Such information may be in demand for the development of functionally oriented polymer systems impregnated with РАС (heterogeneous catalysis, photochromic materials, medicine).
Preparation of Aerogel Materials Based on Alginate-Chitosan Interpolimer Complex Using Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Вальчук Н.А. , Бровко О.С. , Паламарчук И.А. , Бойцова Т.А. , Боголицын К.Г. , Ивахнов А.Д. , Чухчин Д.Г. , Богданович Н.И.
Published: September 2024

На основе интерполимерного комплекса альгинат-хитозан с использованием сверхкритических флюидов получены материалы аэрогельного типа с развитой мезопористой структурой. Площадь удельной поверхности образцов достигает 243 м/г, средний размер пор составляет 14,8 нм. Показана возможность использования полученных аэрогелей для создания раневых повязок с включением синтетического лекарственного вещества (антибиотик левомицетин). Установлено, что медленное высвобождение лекарственного вещества (70 % в течение 5 ч) из матрицы аэрогеля обеспечивает пролонгированное и безопасное поступление лекарства к раневой поверхности.

Aerogel materials based on the interpolymer complex of alginate with chitosan using supercritical fluids technology were obtained. It was established that obtained aerogels have a developed mesoporous structure and a specific surface area of up to 243 m2g-1. The possibility of using the aerogels with the inclusion of antibiotic levomycetin as a basis for creating wound dressings was shown.
Oxidation of Acetic Acid with Hydrogen Peroxide in the Aqueous Medium in Supercritical Fluid Conditions
Authors: Мазанов С.В. , Аетов А.У. , Усманов Р.А. , Габитов Р.Р. , Зарипов З.И. , Гумеров Ф.М.
Published: September 2024

Экспериментально исследовано окисление уксусной кислоты (УК) в 10%-ном водном растворе при 673-748 K и 25 МПа на установках периодического и непрерывного действия. В качестве окислителя использован пероксид водорода. Степень превращения УК определена на основании показателя химического потребления кислорода.

The oxidation of acetic acid (AA) in its 10 % aqueous solution at 673-748 K and 25 MPa is studied in periodic and continuous regimes. Hydrogen peroxide is used as an oxidant. The degree of AA conversion is determined based on the oxygen chemical consumption index.
Perspective Solvents for Lignin Depolimerization: Stability under Supercritical Conditions
Authors: Ивахнов А.Д. , Ульяновский Н.В. , Покрышкин С.А. , Шаврина И.С. , Пиковской И.И. , Косяков Д.С.
Published: September 2024

Изучена термическая устойчивость в сверхкритических условиях метанола, этанола, 2-пропанола и уксусной кислоты, наиболее пригодных для реализации процессов деполимеризации технических лигнинов с получением низкомолекулярных ароматических соединений. Установлено, что при температуре 450 °С наиболее стабильным является 2-пропанол. Уксусная кислота подвергается практически полному разложению в течение четырех часов, при этом добавка воды существенно повышает ее термическую стабильность. Методом газовой хроматографии-масс-спектрометрии изучен компонентный состав газообразных и жидких продуктов термического разложения растворителей.

Thermal stability under supercritical conditions of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol and acetic acid, most suitable as solvents in depolymerization of technical lignins to low-molecular aromatic compounds, was studied. Among them at 450 °C 2-propanol is the most stable. Acetic acid is almost completely decomposed within 4 h, while the addition of water significantly increases its thermal stability. Chemical composition of gaseous and liquid products of thermal decomposition of solvents was studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Processing of Diamond Blend by Supercritical Isopropanol
Authors: Изотов А.И. , Кильман Г.В. , Шалаев Р.В.
Published: September 2024

С помощью специально разработанной установки образцы алмазной шихты (АШ) обработаны сверхкритическим изопропанолом и проведен анализ спект-ров в ИК-области, спектров комбинационного рассеяния, а также данных рентгенографии до и после обработки. Показано, что в результате этого процесса наблюдается заметное уменьшение интенсивности ИК-полос поглощения кислородсодержащих связей, что свидетельствует об эффективном травлении оболочки алмазных кристаллитов. В спектрах комбинационного рассеяния образцов, подвергнутых обработке, имеет место заметное увеличение полуширины алмазной линии, что обусловлено уменьшением размеров нанокристаллитов алмаза за счет стравливания поверхностного дефектного слоя. Предложенный метод, имеющий существенные преимущества перед традиционной кислотной технологией очистки алмазной шихты, представляет перспективу практического использования для этого процесса.

In this paper, a safe method for processing of the diamond blend using supercritical isopropanol is proposed, and the efficiency of the method is shown. With the help of a specially designed unit, several samples of diamond blend powder were processed. Raman spectra, as well as infrared spectra of the samples were obtained before and after processing, a comparative analysis of the spectra was made. In addition, an X-ray study of the samples was carried out. It is shown that after treatment of supercritical fluid, a noticeable decrease in the IR absorption intensity of the bands of oxygen-containing bonds is observed, which indicates an effective etching of the diamond crystallite shell during processing. Also a noticeable increase in the half-width of the diamond line is observed in the Raman spectra of samples subjected to processing. We explain this by the reduction in the dimensions of diamond nanocrystallites due to etching of the surface defect layer. Thus, we can talk about the prospects of using the proposed method for cleaning of diamond blend, which is widely used in many industries now (in particular, in biology, chemistry, medicine). It should also be noted that this method has significant advantages over traditional cleaning methods, which usually involve the use of aggressive hot acid media for long periods of time.
Laser Formation of Nanoparticles and Plasmon Structures in Porous Materials Using SCF-Technologies
Authors: Рыбалтовский А.О. , Аракчеев В.Г. , Минаев Н.В. , Юсупов В.И. , Цыпина С.И.
Published: September 2024

Представлен обзор исследований авторов по процессам формирования металлических наночастиц (серебра и золота), а также структур различного типа в полимерных и пористых материалах, в основе которых лежат эффекты самосборки и самоорганизации в поле непрерывного лазерного излучения. Большинство экспериментов проводили либо с образцами, насыщенными прекурсорами металлов в среде сверхкритического диоксида углерода (СК-CO), либо с находящимися в этой среде. Синтезированы структуры различного типа из наночастиц металлов в полимерах и пористых стеклах: периодические структуры микронного и субмиллиметрового масштаба, слоистые структуры из наночастиц с необычно малым периодом (около 90 нм), филаментные, кольцевые структуры и островковые пленки из наночастиц. Установлены некоторые закономерности и механизмы формирования как самих наночастиц, так и структур из них в зависимости от длины волны лазерного излучения. Представлены новые результаты по методике получения композитных пористых пенообразных материалов на основе наночастиц серебра и полимерных матриц, в которой сочетаются индуцированное лазером «рисование» пористых структур, их пропитка молекулами прекурсоров с помощью СКФ технологий и последующее восстановление наночастиц.

It was presented the review of our research on the processes of metal nanoparticles formation (silver and gold), as well as various types of structures of them in polymeric and porous materials, which are based on the effects of self-assembly and self-organization in the field of continuous laser radiation. Most of the experiments were carried out either on samples impregnated with metal precursors in a supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO) medium or at the time they were in that medium. Various types of metal nanoparticles structures in polymers and porous glasses were synthesized: periodic structures of micron and submillimeter scales, layered structures of nano-particles with an unusually small period (about 90 nm), filamentous, ring structures and islet films of nanoparticles. Some regularities and mechanisms of formation of nanoparticles and their structures depending on the wavelength of laser radiation are established. In addition, new original results are presented on the method of obtaining of composite porous foam-like materials based on silver nanoparticles and polymer matrices, which combines laser-induced «drawing» of porous structures, their impregnation by precursor molecules using SCF technologies and subsequent recovery of nanoparticles.
Single-Stage Formation of Film Polymer Composites in the Environment of Supercretical Colloidal Solutions of Nanoparticles Obtained by Laser Ablation
Authors: Цыпина С.И. , Епифанов Е.О. , Шубный А. Г. , Аракчеев В. Г. , Минаев Н. В. , Рыбалтовский А. О.
Published: September 2024

Представлен обзор ранее проведенных исследований, а также новые результаты по созданию высококонцентрированных коллоидных растворов с наночастицами (НЧ) благородных металлов (золота и серебра) в среде СК-СO и развитию одностадийного метода получения полимерных нанокомпозитов. Изучено влияние плотности СК-CO на динамику формирования и распада СКФ-наноколлоидов серебра и золота в процессе импульсной лазерной абляции и после ее окончания. Рассмотрена возможность получения коллоидов биметаллических наночастиц. Методом численного моделирования спектров экстинкции в дипольном приближении рассчитаны величины эффективной диэлектрической проницаемости коллоидного раствора НЧ Ag в СК-CO при различных значениях плотности с учетом размера и степени асферичности наночастиц. Рассмотрены процессы формирования в одном СКФ-реакторе и в едином технологическом процессе различных пленочных нанокомпозитов: на основе пористого сополимера политетрафторэтилена - винилиденфторида с наночастицами рубина, а также на основе двух модификаций чистого пористого политетрафторэтилена с наночастицами серебра.

We present a review of previous studies, as well as new results on the creation of highly concentrated colloidal solutions with nanoparticles of noble metals (gold and silver) in the medium of supercritical carbon dioxide and the development of a single-stage method for the production of polymer nanocomposites. The effect of the density of supercritical carbon dioxide on the dynamics of the formation and decomposition of supercritical fluids of silver and gold nanocolloids in the process of pulsed laser ablation and after its termination has been studied. The possibility of obtaining colloids of bimetallic nanoparticles is considered. Using the method of numerical simulation of the extinction spectrain the dipole approximation, we calculated the effective dielectric constant of a colloidal solution of Ag nanoparticles in supercritical CO at various densities, taking into account the size and degree of asphericity of the nanoparticles. The processes of formation in one SCF reactor and in a single technological process of various film nanocomposites are considered: based on a porous polytetrafluoroethylene copolymer - vinylidene fluoride with ruby glass nanoparticles and on the basis of two modifications of pure porous polytetrafluoroethylene with silver nanoparticles.
Formation of Dispersed Particles of Tungsten Oxide and Deposition of Platinum Nanoparticles on Them Using Organometallic Precursors From Solutions in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Николаев А.Ю. , Сизов В.Е. , Абрамчук С.С. , Галлямов М.О.
Published: September 2024

Разработан способ синтеза дисперсных платино-вольфрамовых композитов по схеме «в одном сосуде». Сначала, с использованием гексакарбонила вольфрама в качестве прекурсора в растворе в сверхкритическогом диоксиде углерода (СК-С0) в присутствии кислорода как окислителя, промотирующего термодеструкцию прекурсора, были синтезированы дисперсные частицы оксида вольфрама с размером зерна около 100 нм и размером агрегатов 200-500 нм. Затем, на эти дисперсные подложки нанесены платиновые наночастицы в две стадии: 1) формирование пленки платиносодержащего прекурсора (диметил(1,5-циклооктадиен)платины или гексафторацетилацетонат платины) осаждением их из раствора в СК-С0; 2) термодеструкция прекурсора. Размер наночастиц платины составлял 2,3 + 0,7 нм при использовании первого прекурсора и 3,5 + 0,8 нм - при использовании второго. Полученные композиты характеризуются сравнительно узким распределением наночастиц металла по размерам и их равномерным распределением по поверхности частиц дисперсного носителя.

A one-pot synthesis of dispersed platinum-tungsten composites was developed. Initially, using tungsten hexacarbonyl as a precursor in solution in supercritical CO in the presence of oxygen as an oxidizer promoting thermal decomposition of the precursor, dispersed particles of tungsten oxide with a grain size of about 100 nm and an aggregate size of 200-500 nm were synthesized. Then, these dispersed particles were used as a substrate for the subsequent deposition of platinum nanoparticles, which included two stages: 1) forming a film of an organometallic precursor by deposition from a solution in supercritical CO and 2) thermal decomposition of the precursor. As the two types of platinum precursors, the dimethyl(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum and platinum hexafluoroacetylacetonate, which both are soluble in sc CO, were used as the typical ones in the practice of similar studies. The size of the formed platinum nanoparticles was 2.3 + 0,7 nm using the former precursor and 3.5 + 0,8 nm using the latter. The obtained composites are characterized by a relatively narrow size distribution of the noble metal nanoparticles and their uniform distribution over the surface of the particles of the dispersed carrier. Such materials may be of interest for (electro)cata-lysis tasks.
Applied the Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalysts by Laser Ablation of Metallic Palladium with Pdeposition on Alumina in the Supercritical Carbon Dioxid
Authors: Епифанов Е.О. , Шубный А.Г. , Минаев Н.В. , Рыбалтовский А.О. , Юсупов В.И. , Паренаго О.П.
Published: September 2024

Спроектирована и изготовлена установка для получения нанесенных гетерогенных катализаторов методом лазерной абляции металлической мишени в присутствии носителей различной природы в среде сверхкритического диоксида углерода (СК-С0). Выбраны условия импульсного лазерного воздействия (длина волны, частота, время), параметры среды СК-С0 (давление, температура) и конфигурация узлов установки (лазер, мишень, носитель и элементы визуального и оптического контроля). На этой установке при лазерной абляции металлического палладия осаждением на у-оксид алюминия в среде СК-С0 получен композит, представляющий собой AlO с частицами Pd. При изучении синтезированного композита в качестве катализатора жидкофазного гидрирования дифенилацетилена показана его высокая активность (TOF = 1,45 с) и высокая селективность в гидрировании одной тройной связи.

An experimental setup was created to produce deposited heterogeneous catalysts by laser ablation of a metal target in the presence of various carriers in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO). The conditions of pulsed laser exposure (wavelength, frequency, and time), SC-CO medium parameters (pressure, temperature) and the configuration of experimental setup (laser, target, carrier and visual and optical control elements) were worked out. A composite consisting of AlO with Pd particles was obtained by laser ablation of metal palladium with deposition onto у-alumina in a SC-CO medium. The synthesized composite has been studied as a catalyst for liquid-phase hydrogenation of diphenylacetylene and its high activity (TOF = 1.45 s) and high selectivity in hydrogenation of one triple bond has been shown.
«One-Pot» Technique for Transformation of the Aporphine Alkaloid Boldine to Phenanthrene Seco-Boldine by Subcritical Water
Authors: Лекарь А.В. , Максименко Е.В. , Борисенко С.Н. , Хизриева С.С. , Борисенко Н.И. , Минкин В.И.
Published: September 2024

Предложен «One-pot»-метод получения фенантренового секо-болдина из апорфинового растительного алкалоида болдина в среде субкритической воды (СКВ). Метод, изученный в интервале 100-230 °С, обеспечивает количественный выгход секо-болдина за один этап в течение 30 мин без использования каких-либо каталитических добавок. Строение полученного продукта подтверждено методами ЯМР- и масс-спектрометрии. Предложенная техника не требует использования дорогих и зачастую токсичных органических растворителей и позволяет перейти к созданию экологически чистой и недорогой технологии производства секо-болдина в среде СКВ с целью получения новых лекарственных форм.

A «one-pot» method was developed and studied for the production of phenanthrene seco-boldine from the aporphine plant alkaloid boldine in a medium of subcritical water. The effectiveness of the proposed method for producing seco-boldine in a medium of subcritical water was studied in the temperature range from 100 to 230 °С. It has been established that the “one-pot” technique in the environment of subcritical water makes it possible to achieve a quantitative yield of seco-boldine in one step, without using any catalytic additives. The structure of the obtained product was confirmed by NMR-spectrometry and ESI MS-spectrometry. The proposed technique does not require the use of expensive and toxic organic solvents. The time-consuming of the proposed approach to producing seco-boldine is 30 minutes, which allows us to move on to the development of environmentally friendly low cost technologies for the production of seco-boldine in medium of subcritical water.
Supercritical Treatment of Xenogenic Bone Matrix in the Process of Manufacture of Implants for Osteosynthesis
Authors: Эрхова Л.В. , Панов Ю.М. , Гаврюшенко Н.С. , Зайцев В.В. , Лукина Ю.С. , Смоленцев Д.В. , Воробьев К.А. , Крутько Д.П. , Леменовский Д.А.
Published: September 2024

Предложен способ получения высокочистых ксеногенных биоматриц нового поколения, пригодных для имплантации в живой организм. Особая биосовместимость может быть достигнута путем дополнительной обработки сверхкритическим диоксидом углерода и введения дозированных количеств полилактидов с молекулярной массой 20 и 40 кДа в пористое пространство матрицы. Испытания in vivo полученных материалов показали их высокую биосовместимость с различной степенью интеграции с окружающими тканями.

A method for producing new generation of xenogenic biomatrixes, which are characterized by their special purity and suitable for implantation in a living organism, is proposed by additional treatment with supercritical carbon dioxide. The obtained highly pure biomatrixes were modified by introducing dosed amounts of polylactides with a molecular weight of 20 and 40 KDa into their pore space. In vivo testing of the obtained materials showed their high biocompatibility with varying degrees of integration with surrounding tissues.
Termodynamic and Transport Properties of Supercritical Fluids. Part 1. Thermodynamic Properties. Review
Authors: Абдулагатов И.М. , Скрипов П.В.
Published: September 2024

В обзоре приведены результаты подробного анализа роли изохорной теплоемкости, как ключевого термодинамического свойства вещества, в исследовании критических и сверхкритических явлений. Приводится краткая историческая справка о роли и вкладе научных школ России в экспериментальное исследование изохорной теплоемкости в критической области при разработке не классической (скейлинговой) теории, которая коренным образом изменила наши представлении о физической природе критических и сверхкритических явлений. Подробно анализируется наблюдаемое в эксперименте поведение изохорной теплоемкости и других связанных с ней термодинамических свойств флюидов в критической и сверхкритической областях. Обсуждается роль новых экспериментальных исследований двухфазной изохорной теплоемкости вблизи критической точки в разработке «завершенной» теории скейлинга. Данная теория позволяет понять физическую природу асимметрии кривой сосуществования жидкость-газ вблизи критической точки и оценить вклад химического потенциала в расходимость двухфазной изохорной теплоемкости в критической точке. В обзоре также уделено внимание сверхкритическим фазовым переходам и роли изохорной теплоемкости в определении линии Widom, которая отделяет жидкоподобную область от газоподобной в сверхкритических состояниях, т.е. определяет границы сосуществования жидко- и газоподобных фаз в сверхкритических флюидах.

This review presents the results of a detailed analysis of the role of isochoric heat capacity as a key thermodynamic property of a substance in the study of critical and supercritical phenomena. A brief historical background is given on the role and contribution of Russian scientific schools in the experimental study of isochoric heat capacity in the critical region in the development of the non-classical (scaling) theory of critical phenomena, which considerably changed our understanding of the physical nature of critical and supercritical phenomena. The experimental behavior of the isochoric heat capacity and other thermodynamic properties of fluids associated with it in the critical and supercritical regions are analyzed in detail. The role of new experimental studies of two-phase isochoric heat capacity near the critical point in the development of a “complete” scaling theory is discussed. This theory allows to understand the physical nature of the liquid-gas coexistence curve asymmetry near the critical point and to estimate the contribution of the chemical potential to the divergence of the two-phase isochoric heat capacity at the critical point. The review also focuses on supercritical phase transitions and the role of isochoric heat capacity in determining the Widom line, which separates liquid- and gas-like regions in supercritical states, i.e. defines the boundaries of the coexistence of “liquid-” and “gaslike” phases in supercritical fluids.