bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Deep Learning Development Platforms and Their Applications in Sustainable Development within the Education Sector
Authors: Ouahi Mariame , Khoulji Samira , Laarbi Kerkeb Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Educational institutions use information and communication technologies effectively to meet the innovation requirements that will increase their competitiveness. In this context, the rapid progression of deep learning has become a focal point for educational sustainability. Deep learning is increasingly integrated into education, driven by its advantages, including personalized learning experiences, elevated course material quality, student development enhancement, predictive analysis for student dropout prevention in massive open online courses, and streamlining instructional tasks. Notably, major corporations such as Amazon, Apache, Google, IBM, Microsoft, NVIDIA, and others actively contribute to the continuous development of deep learning tools and platforms. This section aims to provide a comprehensive understanding, starting with the definition of deep learning, its foundational principles, development tools, and platforms, followed by a discussion of its applications in education for sustainable development, illustrated with relevant examples.”
Modern Approach to Environmental Emergency Warning at High Facilities
Authors: Sulaymonov S.S. , Abdazimov Sh.Kh. , Azimov X.G.
Published: January 2024

The consequences of accidents, fires and explosions in the oil and gas industry in the world have been analyzed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the lack of timely maintenance, inadequate knowledge of employees or their intentional misconduct, in-depth study to prevent such cases and the proper organization of fire protection of production facilities. we introduce early warning systems (EWS) in the context of disaster risk reduction, including the main components of an EWS, the roles of the main actors and the need for robust evaluation. Management of disaster risks requires that the nature and distribution of risk are understood, including the hazards, and the exposure, vulnerability and capacity of communities at risk.
Research on the driving characteristics of motor vehicles in high-altitude areas for the analysis of exhaust emission characteristics
Authors: Qi Zhaoyu , Gu Ming , You Chuanzhou , Zhan Yue , Ma Zhongwu , Huang Wei
Published: January 2024

Research on the driving characteristics of motor vehicles at different altitudes in plateau regions and road emission intensity can provide technical support for energy conservation and emission reduction policies in plateau areas. This paper selects gasoline and diesel vehicles for on-board testing on typical road sections in plateau regions to study the overall driving characteristics of motor vehicles and the driving characteristics at different altitude intervals in plateau areas. The results show that with the increase in altitude, the driving conditions gradually concentrate towards ’high speed, low acceleration.’ The relevant conclusions can further study and analyze the distribution patterns of pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust emissions and road emission intensity.
Understanding of the Tracking and Adjusting Effect of Deep Profile Control and Flooding Expansion Application Blocks in Pubei Oilfield
Authors: Wang Guoguang
Published: January 2024

In order to explore the development technology of enhancing oil recovery during the ultra-high water cut period in the Pubei Oilfield, deep profile control pilot tests and expanded application tests have been carried out in the Pubei Oilfield. This article mainly starts from the actual production performance of the deep profile control and flooding expansion application test, analyzes the main tracking and adjustment methods and the understanding of the results obtained in the development process of deep profile control and flooding, laying the foundation for the establishment of deep profile control and flooding matching tracking and adjustment technology in Pubei Oilfield.
The method of identification of abandoned channel by dense well pattern and its application in A Oilfield
Authors: Wang Xiaolei
Published: January 2024

The existence of abandoned channel represents the end of the evolution history of single river channel. Taking the C layer in B area, A oilfield as an example, synthesizing the logging response characteristics, plane distribution pattern and the relative depth map method of sand top of abandoned channels, abandoned channels were identified under the guidance of modern deposition theory. In the three-dimensional window, a multi-angle observation and analysis of connected well profiles was carried out by using the underground dense well pattern data, and a total of 10 parts were identified in the research area, including s-type and pen-moon abandoned channel.
Study on geological reunderstanding and adjustment potential of development zone
Authors: Wang Huiyan
Published: January 2024

Development Zone A is a heterogeneous oil field with continental river-delta deposits. The channel sand body is small in scale and is dominated by straight distributary channel sand body. This type of sand body development scale is small, the drilling rate is low, generally only 17.71%, the plane shows a strong heterogeneity, the well pattern control degree is low, the sand body prediction accuracy under the current well pattern condition is low, generally only about 70%. Due to the small scale of sand body development and the development of faults, the contradiction of imperfect injection-production relationship of single sand body is prominent. In 2016, the expansion Wells of Development Zone A were put into operation successively. Based on the re-understanding of the geology of the new drilling area, the adjustment potential of development Zone A was studied, the injection-production relationship of single sand body was clarified, and the adjustment potential was implemented in combination with the results of multidisciplinary reservoir research, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the water drive control degree of the block and improving the injectionproduction relationship of sand body. After careful analysis, it was preliminatively determined that 19 Wells adjusted for injection and production system were reinjected (6 Wells were reinjected after filling holes). Internal supplementary Wells 19; One oil well was regenerated into a water well, and one water injection well was restored. A total of 41 Wells.
A New Perspective of Trees Competition Network Research
Authors: Wang Shaohua , Yang Ting , Ouyang shengxiang
Published: January 2024

Forest competition is a key factor driving forest dynamics and stand structure, and is one of the core issues in ecological research. Competition is a complex ecological process with temporal changes, which is interrelated and affected with forest growth, stand structure dynamics and environmental changes. Although there have been many researches on competition, tree growth, stand structure and climate, the interactions among trees have been studied by static competition index measurement, which usually lacks temporal variation related to natural forest development and environmental conditions, and the response mechanism and related theory of competition to stand development and environmental fluctuation have been studied insufficiently.(2) Single tree competition index model;(3) Interaction between tree competition and tree growth, stand structure and environment;(4) Tree competition based on complex network. Finally, according to the complex interaction of tree competition, the research strategy of tree competition network structure with “single tree” as node and “single tree competition relationship” as edge is discussed, in order to provide reference for the study of tree interaction and forest ecosystem dynamics.
Analysis of heat and mass transfer characteristics of supercritical CO2 in vertical U-tube
Authors: Bai Chenhong , Huang Ying , Li Xinjun
Published: January 2024

The heat and mass exchange of CO2 in a vertical U-tube under supercritical pressure was simulated. The effects of the geometry of the bend area, The center arc radius of the bend area and the different bend orientations on the flow heat transfer of supercritical CO2 in the U-tube were analyzed. The results show that in the bend area, the flow is affected by the combined action of centrifugal force and gravity, as well as the pipe structure, so the flow mixing is intense, and the heat transfer capacity is significantly enhanced. When the direction of the bend changes, the interaction between centrifugal force and gravity will affect the heat transfer at pipe bending. When the central arc radius r of the bend area increases from 0.5D to 3D, the heat transfer at the bend can be strengthened, but will weaken the heat transfer at the bend outlet area.
Smart Transformation Technology for Digitizing T Oilfield
Authors: Sun Shuxin
Published: January 2024

In response to the current situation of T Oilfield being remote, with high total labor demand, dispersed well distribution, and low automation levels, this paper systematically summarizes the digital technologies and application effects in the construction of S operation area. By integrating process optimization, streamlining management levels, and incorporating video and communication technologies, a low-cost digital construction model for T Oilfield is established. During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, with the goal of reducing construction investment and streamlining management levels, the low-cost digital construction model is applied to adjust the organizational structure of T Oilfield, reduce total labor demand, and achieve cost-effective, digitally lean management.
Research on the Application of Operational Optimization Expert Analysis System Technology
Authors: Zhong Ziwei , Zhu Lingkai , Shang Panfeng
Published: January 2024

At present, the national power system is gradually achieving separation of government and enterprise, and corporate restructuring; Implement the separation of network factories and bidding for online access, and gradually establish a modern enterprise system. Effectively carrying out energy conservation and consumption reduction work, reducing the cost of power generation and supply, is an inevitable requirement for the survival and development of power enterprises themselves.To effectively carry out energy-saving and consumption reduction work, as a group power generation company and power plant, it is necessary to solve the following problems: how to evaluate the actual and expected level of unit performance, how to quantitatively determine the impact of various factors on unit performance, how to improve operational level to reduce energy consumption, how to assess and evaluate the implementation of energy-saving work from a management perspective, and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to have a complete and scientific expert analysis system for optimizing power plant operation.
Risk Factors for Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Aguirre del-Pino Rodrigo , Monahan Rory C. , Huizinga Tom W.J. , Eikenboom Jeroen , Steup-Beekman Gerda M.
Published: January 2024

Persistence of serum antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) is associated with a high thrombotic risk, both arterial and venous, and with pregnancy complications. Due to the potential morbidity and mortality associated with the presence of aPL, identifying and recognizing risk factors for the development of aPL and thrombosis in aPL carriers may help to prevent and reduce the burden of disease. Multiple elements are involved in the pathomechanism of aPL development and aPL-related thrombosis such as genetics, malignancy, and infections. This review will address the role of both well-known risk factors and their evolution, and of emerging risk factors, including COVID-19, in the development of aPL and thrombosis in aPL carriers.
Governance mechanism of quality and safety of imported agricultural products in China based on grounded theory
Authors: Tong Xia , Ding Wei , Huang Zhanfei , Gu Yutong
Published: January 2024

With the continuous improvement of economic development and people’s living standards, Chinese consumers are placing higher demands on the quality of imported agricultural products. The study adopts Grounded Theory to derive a theoretical model of the governance mechanism of quality and safety of imported agricultural products from the perspective of multiple subjects involved in governance and uses structural equation modeling to empirically validate the hypothesis. The results show that government regulation has a positive influence on the quality and safety of imported agricultural products. Importer regulation and consumer supervision can indirectly affect the quality and safety of imported agricultural products through government regulation. Consumer supervision positively affects the level of importer and government regulation and indirectly influences the quality and safety of imported agricultural products through active monitoring of the government and importers. Therefore, the government, importers, and consumers are the three parties who need to optimize their respective governance paths and enhance the quality and safety of imported agricultural products through collaborative governance.
Decoupling activation volume via dynamic electron transfer in stress-driven chemical reactions
Authors: Jiang Yilong , Sun Junhui , Lu Yangyang , Chen Lei , Jiang Liang , Du Shiyu , Qian Linmao
Published: January 2024

The activation volume, which quantifies the response of the chemical reactions to the applied stress, plays a central role in controlling the mechanochemical reactions for applications including lubricity, wear, and the topographic fabrication of the surfaces under stress. However, the physical interpretations of the activation volume remain scientifically intriguing and largely unexplored. Here, density functional theory calculations are used to investigate the general rules of charge transfer underlying activation volume in controlling the typically mechanochemical reaction process. It is found that the activation volume could be decoupled into the electronic contributions from interface chemistry and bulk physical deformation, which are commonly linear dependent on the contact pressure. Therefore, the activation volume may, indeed, be derived from the stress-driven charge transfer underlying cooperative competition between interfacial chemistry and the bulk region. This competition is related to the stiffness change from the bulk to slab. The magnitude of the stiffness change represents the degree to which the interface atoms modify the bulk properties, which is directly related to the contribution of different regions to the activation volume. This work may open up the understanding of the activation volume from dynamic electron transfer to engineer mechanochemical reactions, different from the existing insights into the geometric dimensionality of the contact configuration.
Generation of entangled photon pairs from a silicon bichromatic photonic crystal cavity
Authors: Barone Andrea , Clementi Marco , Poempool Thanavorn , Marcia Alessandro , Bajoni Daniele , Liscidini Marco , Gerace Dario , Fromherz Thomas , Galli Matteo
Published: January 2024

Integrated quantum photonics leverages the on-chip generation of nonclassical states of light to realize key functionalities of quantum devices. Typically, the generation of such nonclassical states relies on whispering gallery mode resonators, such as integrated optical micro-rings, which enhance the efficiency of the underlying spontaneous nonlinear processes. While these kinds of resonators excel in maximizing either the temporal confinement or the spatial overlap between different resonant modes, they are usually associated with large mode volumes, imposing an intrinsic limitation on the efficiency and footprint of the device. Here, we engineer a source of time-energy entangled photon pairs based on a silicon photonic crystal cavity, implemented in a fully CMOS-compatible platform. In this device, resonantly enhanced spontaneous four-wave mixing converts pump photon pairs into signal/idler photon pairs under the energy-conserving condition in the telecommunication C-band. The design of the resonator is based on an effective bichromatic confinement potential, allowing it to achieve up to nine close-to-equally spaced modes in frequency, while preserving small mode volumes, and the whole chip, including grating couplers and access waveguides, is fabricated in a single run on a silicon-on-insulator platform. Besides demonstrating efficient photon pair generation, we also implement a Franson-type interference experiment, demonstrating entanglement between signal and idler photons with a Bell inequality violation exceeding five standard deviations. The high generation efficiency combined with the small device footprint in a CMOS-compatible integrated structure opens a pathway toward the implementation of compact quantum light sources in all-silicon photonic platforms.
Effects of a rotating partition on mixed convection of hybrid nanofluid in a lid-driven cavity under different magnetic fields
Authors: Selimefendigil Fatih , Oztop Hakan F.
Published: January 2024

There are many thermal engineering applications that employ partitions, such as heat exchangers, cryogenics, electronic cooling, and mixture separation. In this study, a novel type rotating partition is proposed and its performance is numerically assessed by the consideration of mixed convection in a lid-driven cavity with an inner isothermal blockage under magnetic field. A number of numerical simulations are run for various values of the Richardson number (0≤Ri≤50), rotational Reynolds number (0≤Rew≤50), Hartmann number of the inner domain (0≤Ha≤50), and non-dimensional size of the rotating partition (between 0.2 and 0.35). The experimental validation of the mixed convection for a lid-driven cavity is performed. It is observed the effects of rotation of the partition become important when natural convection effects become dominant. At the highest rotational speed, heat transfer reduction of 15% is obtained with increasing the Ri from 0.5 to 50, while at Ri = 50, partition rotation considering highest speed results in average Nusselt number (Nu) reduction by about 5.5%. Streamlines and isotherms are significantly affected by the size of the partition, while slight changes are obtained by varying the magnetic field strength. The reduction of Nu is obtained in the range of 8.5% and 8.8% with a higher magnetic field strength. The increments in the heat transfer by using the highest partition size are obtained in the range of 22.6% and 27.3%. When comparisons are made with non-partitioned lid-driven cavity, average Nu is reduced between 41.6% and 50% by using rotating partition. In the natural convection dominated case, heat transfer reduction will be 4% higher when rotations become active as compared to stationary partition. Feed forward recurrent network model with 25 neurons is used for accurate prediction of the thermal system of lid-driven cavity with rotating partition under magnetic field.
Visible light-driven CO2 photoreduction by a Re(I) complex immobilized onto CuO/Nb2O5 heterojunctions
Authors: Silva Gabriela N. , Faustino Leandro A. , Nascimento Lucas L. , Lopes Osmando F. , Patrocinio Antonio Otavio T.
Published: January 2024

The immobilization of Re(I) complexes onto metal oxide surfaces presents an elegant strategy to enhance their stability and reusability toward photocatalytic CO2 reduction. In this study, the photocatalytic performance of fac-[ClRe(CO)3(dcbH2)], where dcbH2 = 4,4′-dicarboxylic acid-2,2′-bipyridine, anchored onto the surface of 1%m/m CuO/Nb2O5 was investigated. Following adsorption, the turnover number for CO production (TONCO) in DMF/TEOA increased significantly, from ten in solution to 370 under visible light irradiation, surpassing the TONCO observed for the complex onto pristine Nb2O5 or CuO surfaces. The CuO/Nb2O5 heterostructure allows for efficient electron injection by the Re(I) center, promoting efficient charge separation. At same time CuO clusters introduce a new absorption band above 550 nm that contributes for the photoreduction of the reaction intermediates, leading to a more efficient CO evolution and minimization of side reactions.
Multiple-carrier-lifetime model for carrier dynamics in InGaN/GaN LEDs with a non-uniform carrier distribution
Authors: Li Xuefeng , DeJong Elizabeth , Armitage Rob , Feezell Daniel
Published: January 2024

We introduce a multiple-carrier-lifetime model (MCLM) for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with non-uniform carrier distribution, such as in multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures. By employing the MCLM, we successfully explain the modulation response of V-pit engineered MQW LEDs, which exhibit an S21 roll-off slower than −20 dB/decade. Using the proposed model and employing a gradient descent method, we extract effective recombination and escape lifetimes by averaging the carrier behavior across the quantum wells. Our results reveal slower effective carrier recombination and escape in MQW LEDs compared with LEDs emitting from a single QW, indicating the advantages of lower carrier density achieved through V-pit engineering. Notably, the effective carrier recombination time is more than one order of magnitude lower than the effective escape lifetime, suggesting that most carriers in the quantum wells recombine, while the escape process remains weak. To ensure the reliability and robustness of the MCLM, we subject it to a comprehensive threefold validation process. This work confirms the positive impact of spreading carriers into several quantum wells through V-pit engineering. In addition, the MCLM is applicable to other LEDs with a non-uniform carrier distribution, such as micro-LEDs with significant surface recombination and non-uniform lateral carrier profiles.
Non-intrusive measurements of wave nonlinearity over movable bed of sediment with different beach slopes
Authors: Wang Jun , You Zai-Jin , Liang Bingchen , Du Jun-Feng , Yang Bo
Published: January 2024

A series of laboratory experiments were undertaken to qualitatively investigate the evolution of wave nonlinearity over a movable bed of sediment with five different beach slopes under regular waves in a medium-scale wave flume. An innovative non-intrusive data collecting system, which mainly consists of three side-looking high-speed cameras, was developed to collect high-resolution and synchronous data on free-surface water elevation of waves and bed level changes without causing any disturbances to wave motions and the movable bed of sediment. On analyzing the collected experimental data, it is found that regular waves become nonlinear when they propagate to the shoaling zone and start breaking, and linear wave theory is quite accurate for calculating wave parameters such as orbital velocity with the correlation coefficient r2 = 0.8–0.95 before the waves break, but becomes less accurate after the waves break or are in the breaking zone with the smaller correlation coefficient r2 = 0.4–0.6. Four parameters, wave skewness Skη, asymmetry Ayη, Ursell number Ur, and Rocha number NP0, are introduced to describe the wave nonlinearity, of which Skη and Ayη are found to be of largest amplitudes at the wave breaking point and then start to decrease in the breaking zone and are almost unchanged for different beach slopes, while Ur further increases in the breaking zone and exceed the first larger value as waves approach to shoreline, but NP0 is almost linearly proportional to wave orbital velocity amplitude and quite sensitive to beach slope. The location of sandbar is found close to the wave breaking point in the wave flume and may be also considered as the point where wave nonlinearity becomes important for sediment transport in the surf zone, and the linear wave theory becomes less accurate.
Corrigendum to: Utilisation of unmanned aerial vehicle imagery to assess growth parameters in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
Authors: Xiong Yiyi , Chiau Lucas Mauro Rogerio , Wenham Kylie , Collins Marisa , Chapman Scott C.
Published: January 2024

Context Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with red–green–blue (RGB) cameras are increasingly used as a monitoring tool in farming systems. This is the first field study in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilzcek) using UAV and image analysis across multiple seasons. Aims This study aims to validate the use of UAV imagery to assess growth parameters (biomass, leaf area, fractional light interception and radiation use efficiency) in mungbean across multiple seasons. Methods Field experiments were conducted in summer 2018/19 and spring–summer 2019/20 for three sowing dates. Growth parameters were collected fortnightly to match UAV flights throughout crop development. Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and computed vegetation indices: colour index of vegetation extraction (CIVE), green leaf index (GLI), excess green index (ExG), normalised green-red difference index (NGRDI) and visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI) were generated from UAV orthomosaic images. Key results (1) Mungbean biomass can be accurately estimated at the pre-flowering stage using RGB imagery acquired with UAVs; (2) a more accurate relationship between the UAV-based RGB imagery and ground data was observed during pre-flowering compared to post-flowering stages in mungbean; (3) FVC strongly correlated with biomass (R2 = 0.79) during the pre-flowering stage; NGRDI (R2 = 0.86) showed a better ability to directly predict biomass across the three experiments in the pre-flowering stages. Conclusion UAV-based RGB imagery is a promising technology to replace manual light interception measurements and predict biomass, particularly at earlier growth stages of mungbean. Implication These findings can assist researchers in evaluating agronomic strategies and considering the necessary management practices for different seasonal conditions.
The photonic content of a transmission-line pulse
Authors: Varvelis Evangelos , Biswas Debjyoti , DiVincenzo David P.
Published: January 2024

We develop a photonic description of short, one-dimensional electromagnetic pulses, specifically in the language of electrical transmission lines. Current practice in quantum technology, using arbitrary waveform generators, can readily produce very short, few-cycle pulses in a very-low-noise, low-temperature setting. We argue that these systems attain the limit of producing pure coherent quantum states, in which the vacuum has been displaced for a short time, and therefore over a short spatial extent. When the pulse is bipolar, that is, the integrated voltage of the pulse is zero, then the state can be described by the finite displacement of a single mode. Therefore there is a definite mean number of photons, but which have neither a well-defined frequency nor position. Due to the Paley–Wiener theorem, the two-component photon “wavefunction” of this mode, while somewhat localized, is not strictly bounded in space even if the vacuum displacement that defines it is bounded. When the pulse is unipolar, no photonic description is possible—the photon number can be considered to be divergent. We consider properties that photon counters and quantum non-demolition detectors must have to optimally convert and detect the photons in several example pulses. We develop a conceptual test system for implementing short-pulse quantum key distribution, building on the design of a recently achieved Bell’s theorem test in a cryogenic microwave setup.
Tumor resistance to anti-mesothelin CAR-T cells caused by binding to shed mesothelin is overcome by targeting a juxtamembrane epitope
Authors: Liu X.F. , Onda M. , Schlomer J. , Bassel L. , Kozlov S. , Tai C.-H. , Zhou Q. , Liu W. , Tsao H.-E. , Hassan R. , Ho M. , Pastan I.
Published: January 2024

Despite many clinical trials, CAR-T cells are not yet approved for human solid tumor therapy. One popular target is mesothelin (MSLN) which is highly expressed on the surface of about 30% of cancers including mesothelioma and cancers of the ovary, pancreas, and lung. MSLN is shed by proteases that cleave near the C terminus, leaving a short peptide attached to the cell. Most anti-MSLN antibodies bind to shed MSLN, which can prevent their binding to target cells. To overcome this limitation, we developed an antibody (15B6) that binds next to the membrane at the protease-sensitive region, does not bind to shed MSLN, and makes CAR-T cells that have much higher anti-tumor activity than a CAR-T that binds to shed MSLN. We have now humanized the Fv (h15B6), so the CAR-T can be used to treat patients and show that h15B6 CAR-T produces complete regressions in a hard-to-treat pancreatic cancer patient derived xenograft model, whereas CAR-T targeting a shed epitope (SS1) have no anti-tumor activity. In these pancreatic cancers, the h15B6 CAR-T replicates and replaces the cancer cells, whereas there are no CAR-T cells in the tumors receiving SS1 CAR-T. To determine the mechanism accounting for high activity, we used an OVCAR-8 intraperitoneal model to show that poorly active SS1-CAR-T cells are bound to shed MSLN, whereas highly active h15B6 CAR-T do not contain bound MSLN enabling them to bind to and kill cancer cells.
Assessing coherence and fidelity
Authors: Üzelgün Mehmet Ali , Turner Hossein , Oruç Rahmi , Şahin Goncagül
Published: January 2024

Non-fictional narratives have an open-ended character that projects roles and values to those who participate in
them. Narrative participation, in turn, entails narrative assessment and identification processes, through which adherence to
values and positions may fail or be achieved. In the analysis of interviews with university students across Turkey, we draw on
Fisher’s narrative paradigm to focus on how our participants carry out assessments of narrative credibility. To elucidate
narrative coherence and fidelity, we take inspiration from an argumentative-rhetorical perspective, and focus specifically on the
relationship among the criteria identified in the literature on narrative assessment. Our study of interviewee evaluations of
COVID-19 narratives confirms the use of the coherence criteria, calls into question the fidelity criteria, and highlights the
relevance of identification as a basic process for fidelity assessments. We conclude by discussing our limitations and directions
for further research.
Persistent PKA activation redistributes NaV1.5 to the cell surface of adult rat ventricular myocytes
Authors: Bernas Tytus , Seo John , Wilson Zachary T. , Tan Bi-hua , Deschenes Isabelle , Carter Christiane , Liu Jinze , Tseng Gea-Ny
Published: January 2024

During chronic stress, persistent activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) occurs, which can contribute to protective or maladaptive changes in the heart. We sought to understand the effect of persistent PKA activation on NaV1.5 channel distribution and function in cardiomyocytes using adult rat ventricular myocytes as the main model. PKA activation with 8CPT-cAMP and okadaic acid (phosphatase inhibitor) caused an increase in Na+ current amplitude without altering the total NaV1.5 protein level, suggesting a redistribution of NaV1.5 to the myocytes’ surface. Biotinylation experiments in HEK293 cells showed that inhibiting protein trafficking from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane prevented the PKA-induced increase in cell surface NaV1.5. Additionally, PKA activation induced a time-dependent increase in microtubule plus-end binding protein 1 (EB1) and clustering of EB1 at myocytes’ peripheral surface and intercalated discs (ICDs). This was accompanied by a decrease in stable interfibrillar microtubules but an increase in dynamic microtubules along the myocyte surface. Imaging and coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that NaV1.5 interacted with EB1 and β-tubulin, and both interactions were enhanced by PKA activation. We propose that persistent PKA activation promotes NaV1.5 trafficking to the peripheral surface of myocytes and ICDs by providing dynamic microtubule tracks and enhanced guidance by EB1. Our proposal is consistent with an increase in the correlative distribution of NaV1.5, EB1, and β-tubulin at these subcellular domains in PKA-activated myocytes. Our study suggests that persistent PKA activation, at least during the initial phase, can protect impulse propagation in a chronically stressed heart by increasing NaV1.5 at ICDs.
Measurement of mass-angle and mass-total kinetic energy distributions from the fission of 190Pt compound nucleus
Authors: Vikas  , Kavita  , Golda K S , Ghosh T K , Jhingan A , Sugathan P , Chatterjee A , Behera B R , Kumar Ashok , Kumar Rakesh , Saneesh N , Yadav Abhishek , Yadav C , Appannababu S , Duggi S K , Dubey Rakesh , Rani Kavita , Kumar Neeraj , Banerjee A , Rani A , Noor Shoaib , Acharya Jaimin , Singh Hardev
Published: January 2024

We have measured the fission fragment mass-angle and mass-total kinetic energy (TKE) distributions for the neutron-deficient 190Pt compound nucleus (CN) populated via 12C + 178Hf reaction, at around and above barrier energies. No mass-angle correlation was observed in the fission of 190Pt signifying the absence of quasi-fission events in the studied reaction. The observed mass-TKE distributions have expected triangular shape and TKE distributions are well described with the single Gaussian fits, and mean TKE shows parabolic dependence on fragment mass as predicted based on liquid drop fission behaviour. The widths of measured TKE distributions agree well with the observed systematics for CN fission in this mass region. Though the CN is relatively neutron deficient, these observations suggest a clear picture of true CN fission behaviour for the chosen reaction in the studied energy domain.
Equivalent test method for continuous-wave high-field effects of aircraft equipment in four-core RVVP cable coupling channel
Authors: Sun Jiangning , Lu Xinfu , Wei Guanghui , Wan Haojiang , Pan Xiaodong , Lyu Xuxu
Published: January 2024

In situations where there is ample space, constructing a high-field electromagnetic environment for radiated susceptibility testing of aircraft equipment can be difficult. This has necessitated the need for an equivalent test method. To address this issue, the response calculation models of the internal two-core pairs under radiation and injection conditions are established for the coupling channel of the four-core RVVP cable. The equivalent linear relationships between the two injected sources and the field intensity are derived, providing the foundation for obtaining equivalent injection sources and conducting linear extrapolation. Building on these findings, a specific equivalent test technology is proposed, based on the double bulk current injection. This technology is then verified through a pass-through load test for the continuous-wave high-field effects of aircraft equipment in the four-core RVVP cable coupling channel. The results of the tests demonstrated that the equivalent test method can accurately equate the high-field effects test with a maximum error of less than 1 dB. Moreover, it is applicable to nonlinear systems.
Electrochemical and hot corrosion analysis of novel AlBeSiTiV light weight HEA coating on SS316
Authors: Kishan S N , Sree R Anoosa , Akhil U V , Radhika N
Published: January 2024

In the realm of advanced materials research, high entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as a dynamic and rapidly evolving field, their potential can be further harnessed by developing HEA coatings on specific substrate materials. In this study, equiatomic AlBeSiTiV lightweight HEA (LWHEA) was successfully synthesized through the precise technique of mechanical alloying (MA). Subsequently, this innovative HEA coating was applied to the SS316 substrate using atmospheric plasma spray (APS). The microstructure of the synthesized HEA revealed a prominent FCC phase, with the coating having an average thickness of approximately 150 μm. Notably, the coated and coated annealed samples displayed improved microhardness of 985±13, and 1100±15 HV which was five and six times respectively that of the substrate. Electrochemical and hot corrosion tests were conducted on the substrate, coated, and coated annealed samples. The outcomes shed light on the profound impact of annealing in mitigating the corrosion rate as the porosity of the coated annealed samples was reduced to 2.53% which resulted in a significant reduction in corrosion rate when compared to coated samples. Hot corrosion tests demonstrated mass loss in the substrate due to the formation of iron oxide and subsequent spallation of it while mass gain in the coated and coated annealed samples due to oxide layer formation. Coated annealed samples exhibited lower mass gain in comparison to coated samples, showing reductions of 6% and 3% in Na2SO4/NaCl and Na2SO4/ V2O5, respectively. These findings underscore the immense promise of the annealed coating for applications demanding steadfast protection against corrosive challenges.
Distributed fiber optic acoustic sensing system intrusion full event recognition based on 1-D MFEWnet
Authors: Dong Lulu , Zhao Wenan , Huang Sheng , Zhang Chengsan , Zhang Yu , Kong Xianggui , Shang Ying , Liu Guangqiang , Yao Chunmei , Liu Shouling , Wan Na , Jia Zhongqing , Ni Jiasheng
Published: January 2024

Proper detection of the full range of intrusion events is of paramount significance to distributed fiber optic sensing perimeter security systems. Traditional neural networks for intrusion event recognition are constrained by the training dataset, that is, they cannot detect intrusions outside of the training dataset. However, in real complex environments, the dataset by manually obtained is far fall short of encompassing all possible real-world data. This limitation can lead to inaccuracies of identification in the distributed fiber optic sensing system not being able to identify correctly, which causes immeasurable losses. In order to address the aforementioned issues, this paper presents a 1D MFEWnet model, which completes the effective differentiation of all datasets by means of a Multi-Feature branch 1-dimensional Convolution Neural Network, followed by fitting the activation vectors after the recognition of known datasets to a Weibull distribution, through the improved Euclidean distance tracing algorithm. This approach allows for the extraction and identification of additional intrusion signals while providing the ability to recognize and reject unknown interference events. In the experiments, a distributed fiber optic sensing system was established to collect event signals. For three known event categories, the highest recognition accuracy is up to 99.6%. After adding 2 unknown event categories randomly, the accuracy remained at a commendable 96.9%. This innovative methodology ensures the accuracy of target recognition under the introduction of all conceivable events and improves the robustness of the distributed fiber optic perimeter security system.
Investigation of some thermal properties of iron and chromium-based core-shell nanowires
Authors: Uzel Alpay , Oguz Hatice Zor , Kart Sevgi Ozdemir , Tasli Pinar Tunay , Kart Hasan Huseyin
Published: January 2024

Fe and Cr based core–shell nanowires (CSNWs) are modeled as cylindrical structures in which the atoms are arranged in a bcc crystal structure. Two different sizes with diameters of 2.5 nm and 4.5 nm for nanowires (NWs) are created and their lengths are set as four times their diameters. Their structural and thermodynamic properties are investigated through the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation technique in the canonical (NVT) statistical ensemble implemented in the open-source Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) software package. Atomic interactions between the atoms are described by using the many-body potentials based on the Embedded Atom Model (EAM). The melting temperatures of the NWs have been determined by investigating the behavior of the potential energy, specific heat capacity, radial distribution function, Lindemann melting criterion, the mean square displacement, and diffusion coefficients as a variation of temperature. The same melting temperatures are acquired from all these temperature-dependent physical properties for all NWs considered in this study. To the best of our knowledge, our simulation results are presented for the first time in this work and have the potential to guide experimental studies.
Stability and electronic properties of ‘4-8’-type ZnSnN2 thin films free of spontaneous polarization for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Fang D Q
Published: January 2024

Ternary nitride ZnSnN2 is a promising photovoltaic absorber material. In this work, we using first-principles calculations investigate the stability and electronic properties of ‘4–8’-type ZnSnN2 thin films. We find that below a certain thickness ‘4–8’-type thin films have lower total energy than polar films in the wurtzite-derived structures. For 4-layer ZnSnN2 thin film, the Pna21/Pmc21 → 4–8 transitions can spontaneously occur at finite temperatures. All ‘4–8’-type thin films studied are semiconducting and free of spontaneous polarization, the bandgap of which can be tuned by the thickness of films, ranging from 1.4 eV to 1.8 eV. Furthermore, these films show light electron effective masses, and octet-rule-preserving disorder has insignificant effects on the electronic properties. Our results provide new insights into the structure of ZnSnN2 in the thin film form and guidance for the experimental investigation.
Numerical impedance matching via extremum seeking control of single-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: Chen Zili , Yu Shimin , Xu Jingwen , Cao Dehen , Chen Zhipeng , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ya
Published: January 2024

Impedance matching is a critical component of semiconductor plasma processing for minimizing the reflected power and maximizing the plasma absorption power. In this work, a more realistic plasma model is proposed that couples lumped element circuit, transmission line, and particle-in-cell (PIC) models, along with a modified gradient descent algorithm (GD), to study the impact of presets on the automatic matching process. The effectiveness of the proposed conceptual method is validated by using a single-frequency capacitively coupled plasma as an example. The optimization process with the electrode voltage and the reflection coefficient as the objective function and the optimized state, including plasma parameters, circuit waveforms, and voltage and current on transmission lines, is provided. These results show that the presets, such as initial conditions and objective functions, are closely related to the automatic matching process, resulting in different convergence speeds and optimization results, proving the existence of saddle points in the matching network parameter space. These findings provide valuable information for future experimental and numerical studies in this field.
Incorporation of total ionizing dose effects into a compact model for p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Zhang Lili , Qiu Yiwu , Zhang Pingwei , Yin Yanan , Wang Tao , Zhou Xinjie
Published: January 2024

Total ionizing dose (TID) characteristics of p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) under different bias conditions are explored in this work. Potential mechanism accounting for the TID response of p-GaN gate HEMTs is analyzed, based on which a TID effects model is developed. The TID effects model describes the relationship among threshold voltage of p-GaN gate HEMTs, total radiation dose, and electric field inside the p-GaN cap layer. Furthermore, an approach incorporating the TID effects model into Advanced Spice Model for HEMT (ASM-HEMT) is proposed, the reliability of which is validated by the well-fitted modeled results in comparison with the measured ones. This approach makes it possible to probe into the impact of TID effects on p-GaN gate HEMTs from the perspective of circuit level, which provides a basis for the follow-up GaN-based circuit design.
A flashing beacon in axion inflation: recurring bursts of gravitational waves in the strong backreaction regime
Authors: García-Bellido Juan , Papageorgiou Alexandros , Peloso Marco , Sorbo Lorenzo
Published: January 2024

The coupling between a pseudo-scalar inflaton and a gauge field leads to an amount of additional density perturbations and gravitational waves (GWs) that is strongly sensitive to the inflaton speed. This naturally results in enhanced GWs at (relatively) small scales that exited the horizon well after the CMB ones, and that can be probed by a variety of GW observatories (from pulsar timing arrays, to astrometry, to space-borne and ground-based interferometers). This production occurs in a regime in which the gauge field significantly backreacts on the inflaton motion. Contrary to earlier assumptions, it was later shown that this regime is characterized by an oscillatory behavior of the inflaton speed, with a period of O ( 5 ) e-folds. Bursts of GWs are produced at the maxima of the speed, imprinting nearly periodic bumps in the frequency-dependent spectrum of GWs produced during inflation. This can potentially generate correlated peaks appearing in the same or in different GWs experiments. While recent lattice studies show that the inclusion of inflaton gradients can modify significantly the dynamics of this system in the strong backreaction regime, this is not the case for the first oscillation or two of the inflaton speed, so that we expect our results to be robust for modes that were excited during that epoch.
Statistical properties of galactic synchrotron temperature and polarization maps — a multi-frequency comparison
Authors: Rahman Fazlu , Chingangbam Pravabati , Ghosh Tuhin
Published: January 2024

Understanding the statistical properties of synchrotron emission from our Galaxy is valuable from the perspective of observations targeting signals of cosmological origin, as well as for understanding physical processes in our Galaxy. In this work, we extend the analysis of Rahman et al. [1] to — (a) all-sky observed maps of total foreground emissions at different frequencies provided by WMAP, Planck and Stockert-Villa,
(b) component separated synchrotron temperature maps provided by WMAP, Planck and BeyondPlanck, and (c) component separated polarization maps provided by WMAP and Planck. The tools we use are Minkowski functionals and tensors.
Our main goals are twofold. First, we determine the variation of morphological properties of the total foreground maps with observing frequency and compare with simulations. This study elucidates how the morphology varies with frequency due to the relative dominance of different foreground components at different frequencies. Secondly, we determine the nature of non-Gaussianity and statistical isotropy of synchrotron fluctuations towards smaller scales using various component separated synchrotron temperature and polarization maps. We find that all maps exhibit kurtosis-type non-Gaussianity, in agreement with the Haslam map. This result can be an important input for the modelling of small-scale synchrotron fluctuations for component separation pipelines. This also suggests that residual synchrotron contamination in CMB will manifest as kurtosis and will not be captured by three-point statistics.
From a comparison of the different component separated maps, we find that BeyondPlanck and WMAP MCMC-e agree well with Haslam at all scales. The other maps show differences of varying statistical significance.
Our analysis suggests a combination of residual AME and/or free-free emissions and point sources as contributing to these differences, and underscores the need for further improvement of the pipelines.