bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Semi-Solid Die Casting Product Design and Die Design Technology for Aluminium Alloy Clamp
Authors: Chen Song , Zhang Fan , He You Feng , Li Da Quan , Zhu Qiang
Published: September 2016

Semi-solid slurry has significantly higher viscosity than liquid metal. This character of fluidity makes product design and die design, such as gating system, overflow and venting system, be different between these two die casting processes. In the present paper, taking a clamp product as an example, analyses the product optimization and die design by comparing the experimental and computational numerical simulation results. For the clamp, product structure is designed to be suitable for characters of SSM die casting process. The gating system is designed to be uniform variation of thickness, making the cross-sectional area uniformly reduce from the biscuit to the gate. This design ensures semi-solid metal slurry to fill die cavity from thick wall to thin wall. Gate position is designed at the thickest location, the gate shape of semi-solid die casting is set to be much bigger than traditional liquid casting. A good filling behaviour can be achieved by aforementioned all these design principles and it will be helpful to the intensification of pressure feeding after filling.
Effect of Chip Size on Semi-Solid Microstructure of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Prepared by CRP Process
Authors: Xu Hong Yu , Ji Ze Sheng , Wang Ye , Hu Mao Liang , Wang Hai Bo , Sugiyama Sumio
Published: September 2016

In this paper, chip recycled pressing process (CRP for short), a new method for recycling magnesium alloy chips, was put forward to prepare semi-solid billet. AZ91D magnesium alloy chips of different sizes were respectively recycled to prepare semi-solid billet by CRP process. Effect of chip size on compactness, microstructure and oxidation of CRP billet were investigated. And then CRP billet were heated to semi-solid state and its semi-solid microstructures were studied. The results showed that with the increase of chip thickness, grain refinement effect weakened, deformation uniformity aggravated and oxygen content of CRP billet decreased. Under the same CRP process conditions, the relative densities of four kind of CRP billet were 98.27%, 98.13%, 98.05% and 97.92%, respectively. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in compactness and microstructure between them. Normally, oxygen content was not more than 1.8% and uniformly dispersed in CRP billet. Hence, the influence of size and deformation inhomogeneity of chip on compactness and microstructure of CRP billet were eliminated via CRP process. In CRP billet, microstructure and strain were uniform and this inherited during semi-solid isothermal treatment.
Effect of Globular Microstructure on Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Pola Annalisa , Montesano Lorenzo , Sinagra Ciro , Gelfi Marcello , La Vecchia Marina
Published: September 2016

In this paper the effect of globular microstructure on the cavitation erosion resistance was assessed and compared to that of conventional dendritic one. Three different wrought aluminum alloys in as-cast conditions were investigated. The samples were completely characterized by metallographic analyses and microhardness measurements. Cavitation erosion tests were performed according to ASTM G 32 standard. The volume loss was evaluated during the test by periodical interruptions. It was identified the damaging mechanism in case of both dendritic and semisolid microstructure. It was also found that the globular microstructure increases the cavitation erosion resistance only for one of the studied alloys.
Semi-Solid Metal Processing from an Industrial Perspective; The Best is yet to Come!
Authors: Jorstad John L.
Published: September 2016

This paper considers the industrial viability of SSM in comparison to other casting processes and the products each process is best able to produce; in such a perspective, SSM has much to offer especially in terms of cost effectiveness for thinner-walled and higher-integrity cast product lines. The ultimate success of SSM will rely on lessons learned from all past thixocacting and rheoocasting developments and experiences. Proposed is new thinking with regard to adaptation of rheocasting to conventional casting equipment; changing the semi-solid processing paramigm is key to ultimate SSM competitiveness and to opening vast new markets for for semi-solid cast products.
Positive Impact of Eculizumab Therapy on Surgery for Budd- Chiari Syndrome in a Patient with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and a Longterm History of Thrombosis
Authors: De-la-Iglesia Silvia , Luzardo Hugo , Lemes Angelina , Torres Melissa , Gómez-Casares Maria Teresa , Cruz Naylen , Molero Teresa
Published: September 2016

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is associated with severe end-organ damage and a high risk of thrombosis. Budd- Chiari syndrome, which develops after thrombotic occlusion of major hepatic blood vessels, is relatively common in PNH and has been associated with increased mortality. We report the case of a 46-year-old male with PNH who presented with Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with portal cavernoma, portal hypertension and hypersplenism. In September 2010, the patient suffered gastrointestinal bleeding, hematuria, and elevated plasma lactate dehydrogenase; he started eculizumab therapy with a good response. In October 2012, he developed upper gastrointestinal variceal bleeding and a splenorenal shunt was placed. At the time of writing, the patient remains stable and eculizumab continues to be effective. There is limited data on the use of eculizumab for prevention of hemolysis and its consequences in PNH patients undergoing surgery. Our findings provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of eculizumab in this setting.
Brentuximab Vedotin Therapy for Cutaneous Lesions in T-prolymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Senchak Jordan , Pickens Peter
Published: September 2016

We present an 88-year-old male with simultaneous T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and stable smoldering myeloma with excellent initial response to three months of alemtuzumab. The patient relapsed at twelve months with severe cutaneous disease. Biopsy of a representative plaque demonstrated CD30 positivity in rare malignant lymphocytes. The patient demonstrated no response to reintroduction with a full course of alemtuzumab. He was therefore treated with brentuximab vedotin, resulting in partial remission of skin involvement that persisted for three months.
GBT440 Inhibits Sickling of Sickle Cell Trait Blood under In Vitro Conditions Mimicking Strenuous Exercise
Authors: Dufu Kobina , Lehrer-Graiwer Josh , Ramos Eleanor , Oksenberg Donna
Published: September 2016

In sickle cell trait (SCT), hemoglobin A (HbA) and S (HbS) are co-expressed in each red blood cell (RBC). While homozygous expression of HbS (HbSS) leads to polymerization and sickling of RBCs resulting in sickle cell disease (SCD) characterized by hemolytic anemia, painful vaso-occlusive episodes and shortened life-span, SCT is considered a benign condition usually with minor or no complications related to sickling. However, physical activities that cause increased tissue oxygen demand, dehydration and/or metabolic acidosis leads to increased HbS polymerization and life-threatening complications including death. We report that GBT440, an agent being developed for the treatment of SCD, increases the affinity of oxygen for Hb and inhibits in vitro polymerization of a mixture of HbS and HbA that simulates SCT blood. Moreover, GBT440 prevents sickling of SCT blood under in vitro conditions mimicking strenuous exercise with hypoxia, dehydration and acidosis. Together, our results indicate that GBT440 may have the potential to protect SCT individuals from sickling-related complications during conditions that favor HbS polymerization.
The chronic encephalopathy of Parry Romberg Syndrome and en coupe de sabre with a 31-year-history in a West Indian woman: clinical, immunologic and neuroimaging abnormalities
Authors: Seegobin Karan , Abdool Kamille , Ramcharan Kanterpersad , Dyaanand Haramnauth , Rampersad Fidel
Published: September 2016

We describe a case of Parry Romberg syndrome/ en coupe de sabre in a woman whose disease started as seizures at age 8 but was diagnosed at the age 39. During these 31 years she got married, completed a first degree at university, had two successful pregnancies and has been gainfully employed. The features of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, autoimmune abnormalities, ocular abnormalities, morphea en coup de sabre and brain imaging abnormalities were present. Areas of parietal lobe cerebral calcification were encountered on the computed tomographic scan and bilateral periventricular white matter changes on the magnetic resonance imaging with frontal, temporal and parietal lobe brain atrophy ipsilateral to the facial hemiatrophy. Clinical, immunologic and neuroradiological abnormalities are discussed. In some cases, this illness can run a benign and stable course.
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies: a single-center experience in southern Brazil
Authors: Lorenzoni Paulo José , Kay Cláudia Suemi Kamoi , Cavalet Cristiane , Arndt Raquel C. , Werneck Lineu Cesar , Scola Rosana Herminia
Published: September 2016

The spectrum of clinical and electrophysiological features in hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is broad. We analyze a series of Brazilian patients with HNPP. Correlations between clinical manifestations, laboratory features, electrophysiological analyze, histological and molecular findings were done. In five cases, more than one episode occurred before diagnosis. Median nerve in the carpal tunnel at the wrist, ulnar nerve in its groove at the elbow, fibular nerve in the head of the fibula at the knee, radial nerve in its groove of the humerus and suprascapular nerve in its notch at the supraspinous fossa were found as focal neuropathies. One patient presented with persistent writer’s cramp after ulnar nerve palsy. Nerve conduction studies showed focal neuropathy in all patients and concomitant generalized symmetrical neuropathy in eight patients. Molecular analysis of the PMP22 gene detected deletion of the 1.5-Mb fragment in all patients.
Bible subversion: An ideology critique of the manner and motif behind the use of scriptures by politicians
Authors: Speckman McGlory
Published: September 2016

The use of biblical texts by politicians in recent years has led to a proliferation of critical publications by biblical scholars. Some focus on reconstructing the rhetoric itself, others on analysing the historical context while others still, on why and how the scriptures are used. A lack of an ideology critique dimension makes these analyses appear to be naïve to the extent that they miss the element of the subversion of scriptures by politicians who use them. Biblical texts on the whole, are a product of an anti-establishment culture and where they are appropriated by the establishment, a hermeneutic of suspicion should apply. This paper utilises ideology critique as it reflects on the manner and motif behind the use of scriptures by politicians. It concludes that scriptures are subverted in order to force them to serve ideological ends.
‘Doctor of the Academy’: Ernst Fuchs
Authors: Van Aarde Andries , Van Wyk Tanya
Published: September 2016

This article focuses on the ‘New Hermeneutics’ as a development of the hermeneutics of Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger and Bultmann. The notion ‘hermeneutical theology’ is explained. From the perspective of the camaraderie between Gerhard Ebeling and Ernst Fuchs, the article describes the life story of Fuchs and the hostile antagonism he experienced from conservative church circles in Germany. It points out Fuchs’s indebtedness on the hermeneutical legacy of Bultmann and emphasises Ebeling’s support and collegiality.
Application of Standardized Precipitation Index to assess meteorological drought in Bangladesh
Authors: Mondol Md. Anarul H. , Das Subash C. , Islam Md. Nurul
Published: September 2016

Bangladesh is one of the vulnerable countries of the world for natural disasters. Drought is one of the common and severe calamities in Bangladesh that causes immense suffering to people in various ways. The present research has been carried out to examine the frequency of meteorological droughts in Bangladesh using the long-term rainfall data of 30 meteorological observatories covering the period of 1948–2011. The study uses the highly effective Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for drought assessment in Bangladesh. By assessing the meteorological droughts and the history of meteorological droughts of Bangladesh, the spatial distributions of meteorological drought indices were also analysed. The spatial and temporal changes in meteorological drought and changes in different years based on different SPI month intervals were analysed. The results indicate that droughts were a normal and recurrent feature and it occurred more or less all over the country in virtually all climatic regions of the country. As meteorological drought depends on only rainfall received in an area, anomaly of rainfall is the main cause of drought. Bangladesh experienced drought in the years 1950, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967 and 1971 before independence and after independence Bangladesh has experienced droughts in the years 1972, 1973, 1975, 1979, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1992, 1994, 1995, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011 during the period 1948–2011. The study indicated that Rajshahi and its surroundings, in the northern regions and Jessore and its surroundings areas, the island Bhola and surrounding regions, in the south-west region, were vulnerable. In the Sylhet division, except Srimongal, the areas were not vulnerable but the eastern southern sides of the districts Chittagong, Rangamati, Khagrachhari, Bandarban and Teknaf were vulnerable. In the central regions, the districts of Mymensingh and Faridpur were more vulnerable than other districts.
The latest ‘big thing’ for South African companies: Enterprise and supplier development – proposing an implementation framework
Authors: Pooe R.I. David
Published: September 2016

Background: Although enterprise development and supplier development are two distinct concepts in the organisational and management literature, the Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) legislation refers to the enterprise development and supplier development as a single concept. As a result, many companies have a single policy, strategy and structural arrangements to manage enterprise development and supplier development programs and activities, thereby conflating the two concepts.Objectives: The aim of this conceptual article was to propose an implementation framework for enterprise and supplier development and to show the rationale of keeping enterprise development and supplier development as two distinct but related activities.Method: The conceptual article provided an overview of the policy context regarding enterprise development, followed by a discussion on enterprise development and its complexities. The article drew from the literature on supplier development and from the supplier adaptation, relational view, and learning and knowledge perspective theories in the development of its argument.Results: The article presented an implementation framework for enterprise and supplier development and then concluded with some recommendations and direction for future research.Conclusion: The implications of this research have great value for organisations as they prepare to implement Enterprise and supplier development (ESD) programmes. The proposed framework will also contribute to a better understanding of the ESD process and the link between enterprise development and supplier development processes.
The use of comments as a strategy in the accountable editing of academic texts
Authors: Lourens Amanda
Published: September 2016

Existing guidelines regarding the editing of academic texts (compare those of the SU Language Service; internationally, also those of the Institute of Professional Editors [IPEd]; the Editors’ Association of Canada [EAC]; and the Council of Australian Societies of Editors [CASE]) emphasise that editors should not alter the content and structure of this type of text. However, in practice, it is not always clear how editors should deal with problems in the content and structure of such texts. The goal of this study is to provide guidelines for editors of academic texts who adhere to a process approach. The editing of eight academic articles is investigated, with specific reference to the use of comments as a strategy to empower the author to effect changes regarding content and structure. Comments by the editors of these articles are described, interpreted and evaluated in order to formulate guidelines for an accountable editing strategy.
Immigration et crise d’identite dans l’Univers Romanesque de Sami Tchak
Authors: Musa Ahmed Eleojo , Onyemelukwe Ifeoma Mabel
Published: September 2016

La littérature africaine du XXIème siècle a eu une grande transformation. Cela est dû au fait qu’on voit paraître sur la scène littéraire un assez bon nombre de jeunes écrivains et écrivaines de la postindépendance qui de gré ou de force s’installent en Occident et exercent leur métier d’écrivain en  situation d’immigrés ou d’exilés. Il ne s’agit plus de la négritude mais d’un nouveau courant ou mouvement littéraire que Chevrier a nommé la migritude. Les ouvrages de ces écrivains de la migritude se caractérisent fortement par l’immigration et la crise d’identité entre autres. Ces deux thèmes attirent notre attention dans la présente étude qui a à sa disposition les approches descriptive et psychanalytique. L’objectif de cette étude est la mise en évidence de la thématique aussi bien de l’immigration que de la crise identitaire. Pour ce faire, cinq romans de Sami Tchak constituent notre corpus de base. Ils sont examinés à fond pour démontrer comment le jeune romancier togolais a abordé le sujet en question. Il a été constaté que Sami Tchak se préoccupe profondément de la thématique aussi bien de l’immigration que de la crise identitaire dans son univers romanesque.English AbstractAfrican literature in the twenty-first century has undergone great transformation. This is because appearing on the literary scene is a large number of young writers of the post independence era ,who of their own volition or by force, settle in the western world and carry on with their work as writers in their situation as immigrants and exiles. It is no more the issue of negritude but of a new literary movement which Chevrier named migritude. The works of these migritude writers are strongly characterized by immigration and identity crises among others. The present study which makes use of descriptive and psychoanalytical approaches takes interest in these two themes. The objective of the study is to examine the themes of immigration and identity crisis. For our corpus, we have five novels of Sami Tchak. They are examined thoroughly to bring out the young Togolese novelist’s treatment of the subject in question. It is established that Sami Tchak takes profound interest in projecting and handling the themes of immigration and identity crisis in his novelistic world.
Analysis of thematic prominence in selected Nigerian inaugural political speeches
Authors: Ezeifeka Chinwe R.
Published: September 2016

The paper analyses the thematic structure of two inaugural speeches of Nigerian past leaders using Halliday and Matthiessen’s formulation of the lexicogrammatical feature of Theme located in the textual metafunction in systemic functional grammar. It specifically focuses on the speakers’ strategies of fronting certain lexical items clause-initially to construe certain meanings in favour of others. For instance, the choice of unmarked theme where the subject conflates with the theme are more prevalent in utterances where the speakers would want to take credit for positive actions and audience acknowledgement, or where they would want to assign modal responsibility to their audience for negative actions, while marked theme seem to feature more in cases that are indeterminate, illusive and less than likely to be realizable goals. These choices serve as ideological tools aimed at legitimating the hegemonies of the power elite in order to manufacture the consent of their electorate. The work concludes that the textual metafunction realized in the lexicogrammatical feature of Theme serve as a resource for speakers to manipulate meanings to suit their ideological ends and calls for critical language awareness which locates the work within the critical discourse analysis (CDA) research paradigm.Keywords: Theme, textual metafunction, critical discourse analysis, power, ideology, critical language awareness, topical theme, marked theme, unmarked theme
Development as obligation and the obligation of development: a philosophical reflection on the nation state in Africa
Authors: Ogbenika Gregory , Kehinde Paul Michael
Published: September 2016

The problem of the relevance of African philosophy to development in Africa arises from the fact that the modern African philosopher faces problems from within and outside his discipline. Specifically how do we build up a social order that can effectively confront Africa’s existential challenges.? How does development become an obligation to the Africans to necessarily carry out? How do we define our obligation of, to, development, given the numerous challenges facing our peoples? This situation is challenging because an inherited foreign colonial legacy obstructs efforts to install primary and prioritized endogenous perspectives for solutions to African problems. The dualistic roles of philosophy both as an academic field and as a thought system generates a crisis of values in African development concerns that we are compelled to tackle by using both the strategies of physical development and moral values for a man centered development.
Assembly plant simulation to support decision-making n Layout Design considering safety issues. A case study.
Authors: Sáez Más Aída , García-Sabater José P. , Morant Llorca Joan , Maheut Julien
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a simulation model that has been created to support decision-making during the layout redesign of an engine and transmission assembly plant in the automotive sector. The plant requires a new layout and supply logistic due to an increase in its complexity and daily production. Discrete event simulation has been used to validate an initial proposal and to propose different what-if scenarios of layout and operations management systems. These scenarios will be evaluated regarding materials flow generated throughout the plants. The main focus of the decision process was focused on safety issues related to the material handling. The simulation model and its description have been done according to the methodology proposed in Sáez Más, García Sabater, Morant Llorca, y Maheut (2016), where the simulation model is focus as a 4-layer architecture (network, logic, database and visual reality). The achieved model is very flexible and modular, and it allows to save modelling time because of the parameterize of different combinations in layout and operations management.
Construct validity in Operations Management by using Rasch Measurement Theory. The case of the construct “motivation to implement continuous improvement"
Authors: Sanchez-Ruiz Lidia , Blanco Beatriz
Published: September 2016

Construct design and validation is a common practise in the Operations Management field. In this sense, the aim of this study is to present Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT) as richful and useful methodology in order to validate constructs. In order to do so, the measurement controversy in the social science is presented; then, RMT is explained as a solution for this measurement issue; after that, the different applications of RMT are described and, finally, the different stages of the validation process are presented. Thus, this work aims to serve as a guide for those researchers interested in the methodology. Therefore, a specific case is included: the validation of the construct “motivation to implement continuous improvement”. 
Campaigns of the Norman Conquest
Authors: Bennett Matthew
Published: September 2016

This book provides a full introduction to the Norman Conquest, an event which resulted in dramatic changes to the nation's aristocracy, church and administration. It brought a new language and cultural influences and revolutionised military architecture with the introduction of the castle. This profound impact was not brought about as the result of a single battle and it took a five-year war for William to establish control over his new kingdom. The campaigns are studied in detail, with maps showing how William's energy and strategic intelligence enabled him to defeat his formidable opponents and create a new order.
APPLICATION PERSPECTIVE OF 2D+SCALE DIMENSION
Authors: Karim H. , Abdul Rahman A.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Different applications or users need different abstraction of spatial models, dimensionalities and specification of their datasets due to variations of required analysis and output. Various approaches, data models and data structures are now available to support most current application models in Geographic Information System (GIS). One of the focuses trend in GIS multi-dimensional research community is the implementation of scale dimension with spatial datasets to suit various scale application needs. In this paper, 2D spatial datasets that been scaled up as the third dimension are addressed as 2D+scale (or 3D-scale) dimension. Nowadays, various data structures, data models, approaches, schemas, and formats have been proposed as the best approaches to support variety of applications and dimensionality in 3D topology. However, only a few of them considers the element of scale as their targeted dimension. As the scale dimension is concerned, the implementation approach can be either multi-scale or vario-scale (with any available data structures and formats) depending on application requirements (topology, semantic and function). This paper attempts to discuss on the current and new potential applications which positively could be integrated upon 3D-scale dimension approach. The previous and current works on scale dimension as well as the requirements to be preserved for any given applications, implementation issues and future potential applications forms the major discussion of this paper.
SEMI-AUTOMATED APPROACH FOR MAPPING URBAN TREES FROM INTEGRATED AERIAL LiDAR POINT CLOUD AND DIGITAL IMAGERY DATASETS
Authors: Dogon-Yaro M. A. , Kumar P. , Abdul Rahman A. , Buyuksalih G.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Mapping of trees plays an important role in modern urban spatial data management, as many benefits and applications inherit from this detailed up-to-date data sources. Timely and accurate acquisition of information on the condition of urban trees serves as a tool for decision makers to better appreciate urban ecosystems and their numerous values which are critical to building up strategies for sustainable development. The conventional techniques used for extracting trees include ground surveying and interpretation of the aerial photography. However, these techniques are associated with some constraints, such as labour intensive field work and a lot of financial requirement which can be overcome by means of integrated LiDAR and digital image datasets. Compared to predominant studies on trees extraction mainly in purely forested areas, this study concentrates on urban areas, which have a high structural complexity with a multitude of different objects. This paper presented a workflow about semi-automated approach for extracting urban trees from integrated processing of airborne based LiDAR point cloud and multispectral digital image datasets over Istanbul city of Turkey. The paper reveals that the integrated datasets is a suitable technology and viable source of information for urban trees management. As a conclusion, therefore, the extracted information provides a snapshot about location, composition and extent of trees in the study area useful to city planners and other decision makers in order to understand how much canopy cover exists, identify new planting, removal, or reforestation opportunities and what locations have the greatest need or potential to maximize benefits of return on investment. It can also help track trends or changes to the urban trees over time and inform future management decisions.
EVALUATING ERROR OF LIDAR DERIVED DEM INTERPOLATION FOR VEGETATION AREA
Authors: Ismail Z. , Abdul Khanan M. F. , Omar F. Z. , Abdul Rahman M. Z. , Mohd Salleh M. R.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Light Detection and Ranging or LiDAR data is a data source for deriving digital terrain model while Digital Elevation Model or DEM is usable within Geographical Information System or GIS. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of LiDAR derived DEM generated based on different interpolation methods and slope classes. Initially, the study area is divided into three slope classes: (a) slope class one (0° – 5°), (b) slope class two (6° – 10°) and (c) slope class three (11° – 15°). Secondly, each slope class is tested using three distinctive interpolation methods: (a) Kriging, (b) Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and (c) Spline. Next, accuracy assessment is done based on field survey tachymetry data. The finding reveals that the overall Root Mean Square Error or RMSE for Kriging provided the lowest value of 0.727 m for both 0.5 m and 1 m spatial resolutions of oil palm area, followed by Spline with values of 0.734 m for 0.5 m spatial resolution and 0.747 m for spatial resolution of 1 m. Concurrently, IDW provided the highest RMSE value of 0.784 m for both spatial resolutions of 0.5 and 1 m. For rubber area, Spline provided the lowest RMSE value of 0.746 m for 0.5 m spatial resolution and 0.760 m for 1 m spatial resolution. The highest value of RMSE for rubber area is IDW with the value of 1.061 m for both spatial resolutions. Finally, Kriging gave the RMSE value of 0.790m for both spatial resolutions.
GEOPACKAGE DATA FORMAT FOR COLLABORATIVEMAPPING OF GEOSPATIAL DATAIN LIMITED NETWORKENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Rashidan M. H. , Musliman I. A. , Rahman A. A.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. With the growth of technology in earth and space science informatics has led to the revolution in a wide range of geospatial practice. Nowadays collaborative mapping has become a new hot spot, following mobile and web GIS. This paper explores the potential use of GeoPackage for collaborative mapping of geospatial data in limited network environments. GeoPackage is a data format that open-standard, platform-independent, portable, and self-describing. This paper focus on the implementation of GeoPackage in mobile application for field data collection. A mobile application was developed that implements the GeoPackage data format as an internal database to provide support for offline mapping. The developed mobile application demonstrates that vector and raster data can be stored in a single data format, which reduces the device storage consumption. The details of how GeoPackage data contribute to mobile GIS to achieve collaborative mapping in limited network environments are discussed. The findings show that the GeoPackage data format has great potential to improve existing mobile GIS applications.
APPROACH AND EVALUATION OF A MOBILE VIDEO-BASED AND LOCATION-BASED AUGMENTED REALITY PLATFORM FOR INFORMATION BROKERAGE
Authors: Dastageeri H. , Storz M. , Koukofikis A. , Knauth S. , Coors V.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Providing mobile location-based information for pedestrians faces many challenges. On one hand the accuracy of localisation indoors and outdoors is restricted due to technical limitations of GPS and Beacons. Then again only a small display is available to display information as well as to develop a user interface. Plus, the software solution has to consider the hardware characteristics of mobile devices during the implementation process for aiming a performance with minimum latency. This paper describes our approach by including a combination of image tracking and GPS or Beacons to ensure orientation and precision of localisation. To communicate the information on Points of Interest (POIs), we decided to choose Augmented Reality (AR). For this concept of operations, we used besides the display also the acceleration and positions sensors as a user interface. This paper especially goes into detail on the optimization of the image tracking algorithms, the development of the video-based AR player for the Android platform and the evaluation of videos as an AR element in consideration of providing a good user experience. For setting up content for the POIs or even generate a tour we used and extended the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standard Augmented Reality Markup Language (ARML).
LANDSAT-BASED DETECTION AND SEVERITY ANALYSIS OF BURNED SUGARCANE PLOTS IN TARLAC, PHILIPPINES USING DIFFERENCED NORMALIZED BURN RATIO (dNBR)
Authors: Baloloy A. B. , Blanco A. C. , Gana B. S. , Sta. Ana R. C. , Olalia L. C.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The Philippines has a booming sugarcane industry contributing about PHP 70 billion annually to the local economy through raw sugar, molasses and bioethanol production (SRA, 2012). Sugarcane planters adapt different farm practices in cultivating sugarcane, one of which is cane burning to eliminate unwanted plant material and facilitate easier harvest. Information on burned sugarcane extent is significant in yield estimation models to calculate total sugar lost during harvest. Pre-harvest burning can lessen sucrose by 2.7% - 5% of the potential yield (Gomez, et al 2006; Hiranyavasit, 2016). This study employs a method for detecting burn sugarcane area and determining burn severity through Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) using Landsat 8 Images acquired during the late milling season in Tarlac, Philippines. Total burned area was computed per burn severity based on pre-fire and post-fire images. Results show that 75.38% of the total sugarcane fields in Tarlac were burned with post-fire regrowth; 16.61% were recently burned; and only 8.01% were unburned. The monthly dNBR for February to March generated the largest area with low severity burn (1,436 ha) and high severity burn (31.14 ha) due to pre-harvest burning. Post-fire regrowth is highest in April to May when previously burned areas were already replanted with sugarcane. The maximum dNBR of the entire late milling season (February to May) recorded larger extent of areas with high and low post-fire regrowth compared to areas with low, moderate and high burn severity. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to analyse vegetation dynamics between the burn severity classes. Significant positive correlation, rho = 0.99, was observed between dNBR and dNDVI at 5% level (p = 0.004). An accuracy of 89.03% was calculated for the Landsat-derived NBR validated using actual mill data for crop year 2015-2016.
CADASTRAL POSITIONING ACCURACY IMPROVEMENT: A CASE STUDY IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Hashim N. M. , Omar A. H. , Omar K. M. , Abdullah N. M. , Yatim M. H. M.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Cadastral map is a parcel-based information which is specifically designed to define the limitation of boundaries. In Malaysia, the cadastral map is under authority of the Department of Surveying and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM). With the growth of spatial based technology especially Geographical Information System (GIS), DSMM decided to modernize and reform its cadastral legacy datasets by generating an accurate digital based representation of cadastral parcels. These legacy databases usually are derived from paper parcel maps known as certified plan. The cadastral modernization will result in the new cadastral database no longer being based on single and static parcel paper maps, but on a global digital map. Despite the strict process of the cadastral modernization, this reform has raised unexpected queries that remain essential to be addressed. The main focus of this study is to review the issues that have been generated by this transition. The transformed cadastral database should be additionally treated to minimize inherent errors and to fit them to the new satellite based coordinate system with high positional accuracy. This review result will be applied as a foundation for investigation to study the systematic and effectiveness method for Positional Accuracy Improvement (PAI) in cadastral database modernization.
BEYOND FLOOD HAZARD MAPS: DETAILED FLOOD CHARACTERIZATION WITH REMOTE SENSING, GIS AND 2D MODELLING
Authors: Santillan J. R. , Marqueso J. T. , Makinano-Santillan M. , Serviano J. L.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Flooding is considered to be one of the most destructive among many natural disasters such that understanding floods and assessing the risks associated to it are becoming more important nowadays. In the Philippines, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) are two main technologies used in the nationwide modelling and mapping of flood hazards. Although the currently available high resolution flood hazard maps have become very valuable, their use for flood preparedness and mitigation can be maximized by enhancing the layers of information these maps portrays. In this paper, we present an approach based on RS, GIS and two-dimensional (2D) flood modelling to generate new flood layers (in addition to the usual flood depths and hazard layers) that are also very useful in flood disaster management such as flood arrival times, flood velocities, flood duration, flood recession times, and the percentage within a given flood event period a particular location is inundated. The availability of these new layers of flood information are crucial for better decision making before, during, and after occurrence of a flood disaster. The generation of these new flood characteristic layers is illustrated using the Cabadbaran River Basin in Mindanao, Philippines as case study area. It is envisioned that these detailed maps can be considered as additional inputs in flood disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines.
DESIGN OF 3D TOPOLOGICAL DATA STRUCTURE FOR 3D CADASTRE OBJECTS
Authors: Zulkifli N. A. , Abdul Rahman A. , Hassan M. I.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This paper describes the design of 3D modelling and topological data structure for cadastre objects based on Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) specifications. Tetrahedral Network (TEN) is selected as a 3D topological data structure for this project. Data modelling is based on the LADM standard and it is used five classes (i.e. point, boundary face string, boundary face, tetrahedron and spatial unit). This research aims to enhance the current cadastral system by incorporating 3D topology model based on LADM standard.
HULU SUNGAI PERAK BED SEDIMENT MAPPING USING UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC SONAR
Authors: Arriafdi N. , Zainon O. , Din U. , Rasid A. W. , Mat Amin Z. , Othman R. , Mardi A. S. , Mahmud R. , Sulaiman N.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Development in acoustic survey techniques in particular side scan sonar have revolutionized the way we are able to image, map and understand the riverbed environment. It is now cost effective to image large areas of the riverbed using these techniques and the backscatter image created from surveys provides base line data from which thematic maps of the riverbed environment including maps of morphological geology, can be derived when interpreted in conjunction with in situ sampling data. This article focuses on investigation characteristics of sediments and correlation of side scan backscatter image with signal strength. The interpretation of acoustic backscatter rely on experienced interpretation by eye of grey scale images produced from the data. A 990F Starfish Side Scan Sonar was used to collect and develop a series of sonar images along 6 km of Hulu Sungai Perak. Background sediments could be delineated accurately and the image textures could be linked to the actual river floor appearance through grab sampling. A major difference was found in the acoustic returns from the two research area studies: the upstream area shows much rougher textures. This is due to an actual differences in riverbed roughness, caused by a difference in bottom currents and sediment dynamics in the two areas. The highest backscatter correlates with coarsest and roughness sediment. Result suggest that image based backscatter classification shows considerable promise for interpretation of side scan sonar data for the production of geological maps.
PRELIMINARY ESTIMATION OF POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION PARAMETERS FROM CONTINUOUS GPS DATA IN KOREA PENINSULA AND IEODO AFTER THE 2011 TOHOKU-OKI MW9.0 EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Aris W. A. W. , Musa T. A. , Lee H. , Choi Y. , Yoon H.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This paper describes utilization of GPS data in Korea Peninsula and IEODO ocean research station for investigation of postseismic deformation characteristic after the 2011 Tohoku-oki Mw9.0 Earthquake. Analytical logarithmic and exponential functions were used to evaluate the postseismic deformation parameters. The results found that the data in Korea Peninsula and IEODO during periods of mid-2011 – mid-2014 are fit better using logarithmic function with deformation decay at 134.5 ±0.1 days than using the exponential function. The result also clearly indicates that further investigation into postseismic deformation over longer data span should be taken into account to explain tectonic deformation over the region.
FOREST COVER MAPPING IN ISKANDAR MALAYSIA USING SATELLITE DATA
Authors: Kanniah K. D. , Mohd Najib N. E. , Vu T. T.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Malaysia is the third largest country in the world that had lost forest cover. Therefore, timely information on forest cover is required to help the government to ensure that the remaining forest resources are managed in a sustainable manner. This study aims to map and detect changes of forest cover (deforestation and disturbance) in Iskandar Malaysia region in the south of Peninsular Malaysia between years 1990 and 2010 using Landsat satellite images. The Carnegie Landsat Analysis System-Lite (CLASlite) programme was used to classify forest cover using Landsat images. This software is able to mask out clouds, cloud shadows, terrain shadows, and water bodies and atmospherically correct the images using 6S radiative transfer model. An Automated Monte Carlo Unmixing technique embedded in CLASlite was used to unmix each Landsat pixel into fractions of photosynthetic vegetation (PV), non photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) and soil surface (S). Forest and non-forest areas were produced from the fractional cover images using appropriate threshold values of PV, NPV and S. CLASlite software was found to be able to classify forest cover in Iskandar Malaysia with only a difference between 14% (1990) and 5% (2010) compared to the forest land use map produced by the Department of Agriculture, Malaysia. Nevertheless, the CLASlite automated software used in this study was found not to exclude other vegetation types especially rubber and oil palm that has similar reflectance to forest. Currently rubber and oil palm were discriminated from forest manually using land use maps. Therefore, CLASlite algorithm needs further adjustment to exclude these vegetation and classify only forest cover.
Soil carbon fractions and enzyme activities under different vegetation types on
the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Zhang Haixin , Zeng Quanchao , An Shaoshan , Dong Yanghong , Darboux Frédéric
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Vegetation restoration was effective way of protecting soil erosion and water conservation on the Loess Plateau. Carbon fractions and enzyme activities were sensitive parameters for assessment of soil remediation through revegetation. Forest, forest steppe and grassland soils were collected at 0–5 cm and 5–20 cm soil layers in Yanhe watershed, Shaanxi Province. Urease, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were measured. The results showed that carbon fraction contents and enzyme activities in the same soil layer followed the order that forest was higher than others. Carbon fraction contents and enzyme activities appeared that the 0–5 cm was higher than 5–20 cm soil layer. In addition, correlation analysis showed that urease activity was related to SOC, MBC, EOC and DOC at 0–5 cm layer; it was correlated with SOC, MBC and EOC at 5–20 cm layer. Sucrase activity had significant positive relationship with SOC, MBC and EOC. Alkaline phosphatase activity was related to EOC and DOC at 0–5 cm layer; it was correlated with MBC and EOC at 5–20 cm layer. The CCA reflected the relationship between sucrase activity and SOC. The contributions from the various forms of carbon fractions and enzyme activities as evaluated by the canonical coefficient of CV were on the order of SOC > DOC > MBC > EOC; sucrase > urease > alkaline phosphatase. Vegetation type was an important factor influencing the variation of soil enzyme activities and carbon fractions on the Loess Plateau.
La localización espacial de la contaminación en la Quinta Región
Authors: Quintanilla Víctor G.
Published: September 2016

This investigation presents the spatial localization to the main contamination types and their influence over an area to the Middle Chile between the parallel 32° y 34° Lat. S.

In this region the geographic zone more affected are: the coastal zone, the Marga-Marga creek basin and the Aconcagua river basin.

The urban and industrial contamination are the main pollution in Middle Chile, fundamentally owing to the vigorous demographic concentration in this place.

The chilean poublic and comunal organism are very interest inorder to control this pollution types.
Significación geográfica de algunas actividades del Servicio Meteorológico de Alemania Federal (estudio metodológico)
Authors: Peña Alvarez Orlando
Published: September 2016

In this work are analysed three bearings of the permanent work of the FederalGermany Meteorological Service, whose results can be very well availed by thegeographers for their s tudies on Applied Climatology. The Technoclimatologysupplies work implements to the Urban and Traffic Climatology, between anotherspecialties, centering her attention on the temperature and humidity distributivepatterns inside of the cities and on the surface winds circulation in urban areasand roads. The Meteorology supports very much her action on the phenologicalobservations which, in Federal Germany, are carried regularty through inapproximately 3.000 places, distributed in more or less uniform way through thewhole country. Those data and other properly climato - meteorological measuresare the base of researches on cultivation submissions and agricultural productivity in general. The Regional and Urban Planning, as far as she is concerned, utilizes information on air hygiene and climatic conditions which are obtained, from conventional instruments and through the remote sensing, specialty, the infrated termography.Thus, it is suggested the needs of an enlargement of the developed recordsand works by our Meteorological Services and their systematic employment bythe geographers, thinking pincipally on the participation of these professionalsin the development's programs.