bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does long-term high-altitude exposure reduce myocardial injury and incidence of acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery? A propensity score matched study
Authors: Liu Mengxue , Wang Man , Huang Jia , Zeng Zuojia , Huang Keli , Liu Xinquan , Wei Xinchuan , Lei Qian
Published: November 2021

Objective

Chronic high-altitude exposure has been shown to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal experiments. The objective was to evaluate the clinical protective effect of long-term high-altitude hypoxic exposure for patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, data from patients who underwent cardiac procedures between January 2013 and December 2019 at a single center was collected. Patients were divided into highlander group (> 2500 m) and lowlander group (< 1500 m) according to the altitude of their residence. A propensity-score-matched analysis was performed to estimate the association of long-term high-altitude exposure and cardiac surgery outcomes.
Results

In a total of 2085 patients, 128 highlander patients were matched to 248 lowlander patients. The levels of CK-MB and hs-TnI upon arrival at the intensive care unit were lower in the highlander group compared to the lowlander group [70.6 U/L (56.0, 92.6) vs 85.0 U/L (68.5, 113.5), P < 0.001; 6.1 ng/mL (3.3,11.2) vs 7.9 ng/mL (3.6, 14.1), P = 0.011, respectively]. The highlander group also had a lower incidence of acute kidney injury (13.3% vs 21.8%, P = 0.046). The in-hospital mortality in the highlander group was lower than in the lowlander group without statistical significance (0.8% vs 4.0%, P = 0.107).
Conclusions

Long-term high-altitude exposure was associated with less myocardial injury and a lower incidence of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery.
Association of Cathepsin B a Salivary Biomarkers in Different Histological Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shabbir Alveena , Waheed Humera , Ahmed Shaheen , Shaikh Sabhita Shabir
Published: November 2021

Background:Oral cancer is considered a major public health problem due to its high mortality and morbidity rates. Survival rate of OSCC can be significantly improved by using non -invasive tool such as salivary biomarkers for detection of OSCC which is considered a promising approach. Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine protein, which is present in abundant quantities in lysosome of cells, tissues and different biological fluids. Increased expression of Cathepsin B is observed in many malignancies including oral cancer. The present study was designed to determine the salivary levels of Cathepsin B in different histological grades of OSCC.Method:In this study total no of 80 research participants were enrolled which were divided into four groups. Each group comprises 20 participants. Groups 1 comprises 20 patients of OSCC (Well differentiated), Group 2 comprises 20 patients of OSCC (moderately differentiated), Group 3 comprises 20 patients of OSCC (poorly differentiated|) and Group 4 comprises 20 healthy controls. Saliva sample was collected from all the four study group and salivary Cathepsin B levels were analyzed by ELISA sandwich technique in duplicate.Results:Salivary levels of Cathepsin B are significantly increased with p- value (<0.001) in patients of OSCC in comparison to control group. We observed highest mean Cathepsin B levels in well differentiated OSCC followed by poorly differentiated OSCC and moderately differentiated OSCC.Conclusion:Results of the present study suggests that Cathepsin B has a great value as a salivary biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of OSCS in different histological grades of OSCC. It could increase the survival rate and further improve the prognosis of OSCC.
Species Identification and Quantification of Bovine Bone Marrow from Non-Bovine Products using DNA and Protein Fingerprints
Authors: Guan Yize , Li Nan , Li Tancheng , Sun Liyuan , Cheng Li Ming
Published: November 2021

Bovine bone marrow is traditionally regarded as a highly nutritious food that has been widely used as a medicinal and healthy food for several decades in China. A large number of adulterated and counterfeit bone marrows from pigs and donkeys have been used in place of bovine bone marrow in commercial products, which are almost identical morphologically to species. Therefore, we explored a feasibility of fingerprinting of multiplex PCR gels combined with imaged SDS-PAGE gels of proteins. Three pairs of specific primers for bovine, pig and donkey were designed according to the conserved sequence in mitochondrial cytochrome b. The optimal reaction conditions for triple PCR were optimized. A modified method was used to extract total proteins and SDS-PAGE gels of proteins were set up. A three-fold PCR detection assay was successfully established to identify three species of bovine, pig and donkey. Three primers have good specificity and high sensitivity. Additionally, the assay sensitivity test confirmed that the extracted DNA concentration was the lowest of bovine bone marrow at 0.1 pg. The assay also showed 100% specificity. The electrophoretogram of SDS-PAGE showed distinct electrophoresis profiles among three species. The established fingerprint of multiplex PCR DNA gels combined with imaged SDS-PAGE gels of proteins has strong specificity and can be quickly and accurately used for the identification of bovine bone marrow. Rapid authentication of bovine bone marrow and differentiation from non-bovine products can be achieved using an improved SDS alkali denaturation method, species-specific PCR assay combined with imaged SDS-PAGE gels of proteins.
Stability of Implants Supported By Three Types of Bone Grafting Materials in Dogs
Authors: Gholami Mahdi , Ahrari Farzaneh , Sedigh Hamideh Salari , Bourauel Christoph , Ahmadi Latifeh
Published: November 2021

Background: This study was conducted to assess the stability of implants placed in a simultaneous procedure with different grafting materials (autogenous, xenogenous, and synthetic) in experimentally induced bone defects in dogs.Methods: Thirteen dogs were included and divided into three groups according to the time of sacrificing. Oversized osteotomies were prepared in the sternum, and the implants were placed in bone defects. A total of 3 to 5 implants were placed per animal. Each group of animals contained 3 subgroups according to the grafting material utilized. In subgroup 1, autograft was applied, whereas in subgroups 2 and 3, bovine bone mineral (Cerabone) and a synthetic calcium phosphate substitute (Osteon II) were employed. At the end of the specified healing periods (2 months, 4 months, or 6 months), the animals were sacrificed and the implant stability was determined through measuring the resonance frequency.Results: Forty-five integrated implants were obtained from this study and nine were lost (failure rate 17%). The two-way analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in ISQ measurements either between the bone graft materials (autogenous, xenogenous, and synthetic; P=0.950) or between the healing intervals (2 months, 4 months, and 6 months; P=0.769)Conclusions: The stability of implants augmented with autogenous, xenogenous (Cerabone) or synthetic (Osteon II) graft materials was comparable at 2, 4 and 6 months after placement. This indicates that both Cerabone and Osteon II could be considered as suitable substitutes for regeneration of bone defects to overcome the limitations of autografts.
Global warming impairs chemical communication between plants and pollinators
Authors: Cordeiro Guaraci , Dötterl Stefan
Published: November 2021

Global warming is expected to have a great impact on floral scents and consequently, on the attraction of pollinators. While there is evidence that temperature affects the biosynthesis and emission of floral scents, the effects on chemically mediated pollinator behavior have not been assessed. Here, we show by chemical analytical, electrophysiological, and behavioral approaches that increased air temperatures affect the chemical communication between strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) and its bee pollinators (Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris, Osmia bicornis). Plants cultivated at increased temperatures released smaller amounts and a different composition of floral scent than plants cultivated at physiological optimum temperatures, which translated into a reduced attractiveness to pollinators. Our study highlights for the first time that increased temperatures negatively affect the chemical communication between plants and their pollinators. This raises important ecological and agricultural questions, as impaired communication between plants and their pollinators might result in insufficient pollination with negative consequences for ecosystem functioning and crop yields.
Insights from shotgun metagenomics into bacterial species and metabolic pathways associated with NAFLD in obese youth
Authors: Testerman Todd , Li Zhongyao , Galuppo Brittany , Graf Joerg , Santoro Nicola
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims
NAFLD is the most common form of liver disease and is often the precursor for more serious liver conditions such as NASH and cirrhosis. The gut microbiome has been implicated in the development of NAFLD, but studies have often compared healthy individuals to those with the disease. In this study, we aimed to examine the taxonomic and functional differences between the microbiomes of obese youth with and without NAFLD.
Approach and Results
Shotgun metagenome sequencing was used to profile the microbial communities of 36 subjects, half of which were diagnosed with NAFLD. Beta diversity analysis showed community-wide differences between the cohorts (p = 0.002). Specific taxonomic differences included the species Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans (p = 0.042), Romboutsia ilealis (p = 0.046), and Actinomyces sp. ICM47 (p = 0.0009) elevated in the NAFLD-positive group and Bacteroides thetaiotamicron (p = 0.0002) elevated in the NAFLD-negative group. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes (p < 0.0001) was elevated in the NAFLD-negative group. Functionally, branched chain amino acid (p = 0.01343) and aromatic amino acid (p = 0.01343) synthesis pathways were elevated in the NAFLD-positive group along with numerous energy utilization pathways including pyruvate fermentation to acetate (p = 0.01318).
Conclusions
The link between obesity and NAFLD development in younger individuals has rarely been probed, with most studies focusing on adults and comparing healthy individuals with obese, NAFLD-positive individuals. This study supports the idea that the NAFLD phenotype displays a differentiated microbial and functional signature from the obesity phenotype.
Patients Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMs) Trajectories After Elective Hip Arthroplasty: A Latent Class Growth Analysis
Authors: Golinelli Davide , Grassi Alberto , Tedesco Dario , Sanmarchi Francesco , Rosa Simona , Rucci Paola , Amabile Marilina , Cosentino Monica , Bordini Barbara , Fantini Maria Pia , Zaffagnini Stefano
Published: November 2021

Background. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are an extensively used tool to assess and improve the quality of healthcare services. PROMs are affected by individual characteristics in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty (HA). The aim of this study is to identify distinct groups of patients with unique score-trajectories using the Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) technique and to determine patients’ features associated with these groups.Methods. We conducted a prospective, cohort study analyzing PROMs questionnaires (Euro Quality 5 Dimensions 3L, EQ-5D-3L, Euro-Quality-Visual-Analytic-Score, EQ-VAS, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, HOOS-PS) administered to patients undergoing elective HA at successive time points. For each score, LCGA was carried out to identify subgroups of patients assessed pre-operatively, and at 6 and 12 months after HA. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with the latent trajectories.Results. We identified three distinct trajectories for each PROM score. These trajectories indicated high response heterogeneity to the HA among the patients (n=991): one trajectory showing an improvement at 6 months followed by a plateau, a second trajectory showing a lower starting level followed by a consistent improvement, and a third trajectory showing a modest improvement at 6 months followed by a modest decline at 12 months. Patient’s gender, ASA score ≥3, obesity and the main diagnosis were significantly associated with different PROMs trajectories.Conclusions. These findings underline the importance of patient-centered care, supporting the usefulness of integrating PROMs data alongside routinely collected healthcare records for guiding clinical care and maximizing patient outcomes. Trial registration number: Protocol version (1.0) and trial registration data are available on the platform www.clinicaltrial.gov with the identifier NCT03790267, posted on December 31, 2018.
Pressurized Carbon Dioxide Lavage Reduces the Incidence of a Radiolucent Line Around the Tibial Component Two Years After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Nagashima Masaki , Otani Toshiro , Okada Yoshifumi , Aibara Noriyuki , Takeshima Kenichiro , Ishii Ken
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA), pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2) lavage prior to cement fixation can eliminate debris at the bone-cement interface and is considered effective for increasing cement penetration and preventing aseptic loosening. Regarding the risk of a preliminary diagnosis of implant loosening, a radiolucent line (RLL) is a valuable sign. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of a tibial RLL at 2 years after TKA with and without pressurized CO2 lavage.Methods: This is a retrospective study. One hundred knees from 98 patients were enrolled in this study. TKA was performed without pressurized CO2 lavage (CO2- group) for the first 47 knees, and with pressurized CO2 lavage (CO2+ group) for the next 53 knees. The depth of cement penetration was measured just after surgery, and the incidence of tibial RLL >2 mm, at 2 years after TKA was determined. Results: Significant differences between groups were not seen regarding pre- and postoperative clinical factors. The depth of cement penetration in each area was significantly higher in the CO2+ group. The frequency of knees with RLL >2 mm was significantly lower in the CO2+ group than in the CO2- group (p<0.001).Conclusions: Pressurized CO2 lavage improved cement penetration and decreased the incidence of tibial RLL >2 mm at 2 years after TKA. Since the RLL has been reported as a valuable sign for preliminary diagnosis of loosening, pressurized CO2 lavage appears effective for preventing loosening.
Strengthened Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm for Numerical Optimization Tasks
Authors: Chen Xuefen , Ye Chunming , Zhang Yang , Zhao Lingwei , Guo Jing , Ma Kun
Published: November 2021

The teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm (TLBO) is an efficient optimizer. However, it has several shortcomings such as premature convergence and stagnation at local optima. In this paper, the strengthened teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm (STLBO) is proposed to enhance the basic TLBO’s exploration and exploitation properties by introducing three strengthening mechanisms: the linear increasing teaching factor, the elite system composed of new teacher and class leader, and the Cauchy mutation. Subsequently, seven variants of STLBO are designed based on the combined deployment of the three improved mechanisms. Performance of the novel STLBOs is evaluated by implementing them on thirteen numerical optimization tasks. The results show that STLBO7 is at the top of the list, significantly better than the original TLBO. Moreover, the remaining six variants of STLBO also outperform TLBO. Finally, a set of comparisons are implemented between STLBO7 and other advanced optimization techniques. The numerical results and convergence curves prove that STLBO7 clearly outperforms other competitors, has stronger local optimal avoidance, faster convergence speed and higher solution accuracy. All the above manifests that STLBOs has improved the search performance of TLBO. Data Availability Statements: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
Decrease of Consciousness Level Caused by Baclofen; a Case Report
Authors: Ebrahimi Hamideh , Hosseini Meimanat
Published: November 2021

Background: The side effects of drug use can have different consequences, from allergies to death. Among the drugs used to relieve chronic spasms is baclofen. Baclofen is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist that is commonly administered orally and acts on the spinal cord. A few studies have been reported on mortality from baclofen. Case presentation: This present study reported a case of decreased consciousness and drowsiness, and severe decrease in muscle tone as a result of taking only 50 mg of baclofen.Conclusion: Level of consciousness can be decreased following the administration of baclofen but it is not permanent. Nurses are recommended to check albumin level of the blood as an intervening factor and pay attention to patients’ responses to baclofen.
Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease on levels of Oxidative Stress and Trace Elements
Authors: Zhu Xiaojing , Zhang Yuan , Han Jin , Xiao Dan , Zhu Dan , Ou Yan
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The relationship between trace elements and OS in CKD patients is still not completely elucidated. The aim of this work is to determine the serum levels of OS and the trace elements in CKD patients.Methods: A total of 91 patients were enrolled and then divided into 3 groups at the basis of CKD stages. Healthy volunteers were included as a control group. Serum levels of SOD, MDA, Zn, Cu, Ca, Fe, and Mg were determined , and the correlation among these datas were analyzed.Results: The MDA level in the patients’ sera was significantly higher than the controls’ (P<0.05); however, their sera level of SOD was obviously lower (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the creatinine level in CKD patients’ sera was positively correlated with the MDA level (r = 0.534, P<0.01), while negatively with the expression of SOD (r = -0.427, P < 0.01). A lower expression of Zn and Ca values could be seen in the cases’ sera (P<0.05). Besides that, it showed a significant negative correlation between serum levels of MDA and Ca (r=-0.282, P<0.01), MDA and Zn (r=-0.358, P<0.01), while a positive correlation between MDA and Cu (r = 0.236, P=0.022). Adversely, the expression of SOD in the sera of cases was positively related to the levels of Ca (r=0.273, P<0.01) and Zn (r=0.277, P<0.01).Conclusion: Abnormalities of OS and Zn、Ca existed in CKD patients; and elevated OS may play a role in the trace elements imbalance. Dialysis seems to have no obvious effect on plasma trace elements.
Early Ascorbic Acid Administration Prevents Vascular Endothelial Cell Damage In Septic Mice
Authors: Madokoro Yutaro , Kamikokuryo Chinatsu , Niiyama Shuhei , Ito Takashi , Hara Satoshi , Ichinose Hiroshi , Kakihana Yasuyuki
Published: November 2021

Ascorbic acid (AsA) therapy for sepsis is thought to have a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells, but the effect of AsA therapy on endothelial cell dysfunction over time and the appropriate timing for AsA administration to demonstrate efficacy is unclear. Septic mice, induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), were examined for the effect of AsA administration (200 mg/kg) on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction at two administration timings: early group (AsA was administered immediately after CLP) and late group (AsA was administered 12 h after CLP). Survival rates were compared between the early and late administration groups, and vascular endothelial cell damage, indicated by the dihydrobiopterin/tetrahydrobiopterin ratio, serum syndecan-1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, as well as liver damage, were examined. The early group showed significantly improved survival compared to the non-treatment group (p < 0.05), while the late group showed no improved survival compared to the non-treatment group. Early AsA administration suppressed damage to the vascular endothelial system and liver compared to the non-treatment group. In septic mice, early AsA administration immediately after CLP may have protective effects on vascular endothelial cells, resulting in reduced organ dysfunction and improved survival.
Clinical Effect of Day-case Arthroscopic Surgery of Tibial Eminence Fracture using the Button Plates for Treatment in Adults
Authors: XU Xiaohui , WANG Huayi , GUO Feng , CUI Fengguo
Published: November 2021

Background: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the early clinical efficacy and complications of arthroscopic treatment of tibial eminence fracture (TEF) with button plates.Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with TEF fracture treated by arthroscopic surgery was performed. Clinical subjective evaluation included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, Lysholm knee score, and visual analog scale (VAS). The knee joint scores were evaluated according to the Lysholm score. Clinical objective assessment included the Lachman test, anterior drawer test (ADT), IKDC, and the range of motion. The patient's quality of life was measured using a life summary table. Assessment of fracture healing and internal fixation was performed on lateral X-rays of the knee joint. The patients’ satisfaction was measured and evaluated at the last follow-up in accordance with Marsh criteria. RESULTS: There were 22 patients (22 knees) with a mean age of 33.64 ± 8.60 years. The mean follow-up was 28.36 ± 2.79 months. The difference in Lachman test and ADT before and after the operation was statistically significant. According to the IKDC classification, there were 11 cases with type A, 9 cases with type B, and 2 cases with type C. According to the intra-articular button position classification, the rate of ideal position was 100%. The satisfaction rate was 81.8%.CONCLUSIONS: Day surgery using double-button plates to treat TEF can achieve anatomical reduction, power and stability, and good clinical efficacy.
Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Reveals ALDH1B1 As a Prognositc Biomarker Involved in Gastric Cancer Development
Authors: Li Yi , Pu Ke , Wang Yuping , Zhou Yongning
Published: November 2021

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading cancers associated with high mortality and poor prognosis mainly due to its relatively late diagnosis and the limited therapeutic options. Consequently, screening for prognostic GC biomarkers and novel molecular therapeutic targets is necessary to promote patient outcomes. Methods Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), a systems biology approach, was applied to analyze the mRNA sequencing data and clinical information of GC patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Gene modules and clinical traits were constructed according to the Pearson correlation analysis, and the gene ontology (GO) and functional enrichment analysis of meaningful modules were carried out. Hub genes from meaningful modules were screened out by two approaches: the intra-modular and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis methods. Next, through upstream regulatory analysis, hub genes with high connectivity degree were further validated with differential expression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and the Cox regression model. ResultsWe found that seven modules were associated with the following clinical traits: anatomical location of gastric adenocarcinoma, histological type, histological grade, and pathological stage. The hub gene ALDH1B1 was found to have potential as a biomarker for gastric cancer cells, the relationship between this hub gene and gastric cancer drug treatment is also worthy of attention.Conclusion These findings may contribute to understanding the GC tumourigenic mechanisms, as well as provide new potential prognostic factors and molecular therapeutic targets for GC. The ALDH1B1 hub gene also provides a new vantage point for further clinical experiments and large-scale cohort studies to validate its association with GC patient survival, and provide a new direction for the research of gastric cancer drug treatment.
Efficacy of Levamisole with Standard Care Treatment vs Standard Care in Clinical Presentations of Non-Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Asgardoon Mohammad Hossein , koochak Hamid Emadi , Kazemi-Galougahi Mohammad Hassan , Dehnavi Ali Zare , Khodaei Behzad , Behkar Atefeh , Dehpour Ahmad Reza , Khalili Hossein , Aminianfar Mohammad
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

Levamisole (LVM) demonstrated clinical benefit in a trial in patients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but its effect in a larger sample size needs to be confirmed.
Methods

In this randomized open-label trial, we enrolled non-hospitalized patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 at nine health centers in Tehran province, Iran, in 2021. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a 10-day course of LVM with standard care (n = 185), or standard care (n = 180) in a 1:1 ratio. On days 1 to 10, LVM was administered orally at a dosage of 50 mg. The participants were called and followed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 14. The outcomes were general health condition, hospitalization rate, sign and symptoms, and adverse events (AEs). Generalized Estimating Equations model was used for analysis.
Results

Among 507 randomized patients, 473 started the experiment and received LVM in addition to standard care or received only the standard care (median age, 40 [IQR, 32-50.75] years; 164 [44.9%] women; 9.4% had diabetes, 8.8% hypertension, 1.6% cardiovascular disease), and 346 (98%) completed the trial. Compared to control group, LVM decreased the general health condition of the patients (B=-0.635; CI= -0.041, -0.329; P= 0.000). Patients in the LVM with standard care group had significantly lower odds of developing fever (OR= 0.260; 95% CI= ‎0.11‎‎3‎-0.59‎‎9‎; P = .002), chills (OR= 0.223; 95% CI= ‎‎0.07‎‎6‎-‎0.64‎‎8‎; P = 0.006), fatigue (OR= 0.576; 95% CI= ‎0.34‎‎6‎-‎0.96‎‎0‎‎; P = ‎0.034), and myalgia (OR= 0.54‎‎4‎; 95% CI= ‎0.31‎‎7‎-‎0.93‎‎2‎‎; P =0.027). During the therapy, there was no significant difference in the parameters of dyspnea, cough, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, sore throat, hyposmia, dysgeusia, and anorexia (P > 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the rate of hospitalization. Although the intervention group had greater AEs than the control group, yet, the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusions

LVM has clinical benefit in improving health condition of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Trial Registration:

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20201124049480N1; Registration date: 28/03/2021.
Utilization of Zinc-Ferrite/ Water Hybrid Nanofluids for enhancing thermal performance of a Flat Plate Solar Collector -An Analytical Study
Authors: stalin Prakasam Michael Joseph , Arjunan Thottipalayam Vellingri , Almeshaal Mohammed Abdulrahman , Murugesan Palaniappan , Prabu Balaramachandran , Kumar Pasupathi Manoj
Published: November 2021

Thermodynamic performance analysis is carried out on a flat plate solar thermal collector utilizing single and hybrid nanofluids. As heat transfer fluids, Fe2O4/water, Zn-Fe2O4/water hybrid nanofluids, and water are used, and its performance are compared based on the energy and exergy transfer rate. The thermo-physical properties are evaluated by regression polynomial model for all the working fluids. Developed codes in MATLAB solve the collector's thermal model iteratively, energy and exergetic performance are evaluated. The system was then subjected to parametric investigation and optimization for variations in fluid flow rate, temperatures, and concentrations of nanoparticles. The findings show that utilizing Zn-Fe2O4/water hybrid nanofluids with a particle concentration of 0.5 percent enhanced the solar collector's thermal performance by 6.6% while using Fe2O4/water nanofluids raised the collector's thermal performance by 7.83% when compared to water as the working fluid. While hybrid nanofluids give a better thermal alternative than water and single nanofluids, they have also produced a 5.36% increase in exergetic efficiency and an enhancement of 8.24 percent when used with Fe2O4/water nanofluids.
An Efficient and Flexible Window Function for Memristor Model and its Analog Circuit Application
Authors: singh chandra prakash
Published: November 2021

The memristor is a nanostructure resistive tuning two terminal novel electronics device that has been widely explored in the area of neuromorphic computing systems, memories, digital circuits, analog circuits and many more new applications. In this article an efficient and flexible window function is presented for linear drift memristor model. Propose window function provides a unique feature (controllable window function discontinuity) to linear drift memristor model by which DPHL (Distorted Pinched Hysteresis Loop) problem is resolved and also improved the programming resistance state of the memristor. Five control parameters are introduced in the presented window function, in order to fix the pre-existing problem (like boundary effect, boundary lock and inflexibility) and make it more flexible. The programmable analog gain amplifier circuit is ultimately executed to instantiate the utilization of evolved memristor model.
Characterization of the Corona Discharge Treated Cotton Subsequently Applied With Biodegradable Cationic Softener
Authors: Rehan Abdul Malik , Abro Zamir Ahmed , Zeeshan Muhammad Ali , Shah Ahmer Hussain , Tariq Syed Qutaba Bin
Published: November 2021

In this paper, cotton fabric processed with Corona and different amounts of biodegradable cationic softener are studied. Properties such as bending length, water absorption time, and crease recovery angle are therefore measured. By increasing the amount of cationic softener, bending length is observed to be decreased and time for water absorption and crease recovery angle of the sample increased. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is carried out for the investigation of surface morphology and the micrographs revealed cracking or etching effect on the cotton fabric treated with Corona. However, Attenuated Total Reflection- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis confirmed the chemical change on the surface of the Corona treated cotton fabric which is due to the increase of hydrophilic groups. The results also indicated that the presence of the cationic softener on the Corona treated cotton fabric improved the hydrophobicity. The judgments are in close agreement with the findings of water absorption time, bending length, and crease recovery angle.
Changing Perceptions of Macrodistributive Justice in China: A Comparative Analysis Based on CGSS2005 and CGSS2015
Authors: Hu Rong , Zeng Ziyao , Lu Zekai , Xie Ying
Published: November 2021

We use comparative data from CGSS2005 and CGSS2015 to explore people's changing perceptions of macrodistributive justice in China. Despite the widening income gap, the public's recognition of distribution justice has increased. Significant economic growth has improved people's tolerance for income differentiation and helps to explain the stability of the social structure in China. However, potential benefit differentiation, status changes, intergenerational differences, values and other factors have greatly increased the disequilibrium of justice perceptions.
Online-Lehre im ‹Corona-Semester› aus Studierendensicht
Authors: Preböck Tanja , Annen Silvia
Published: November 2021

Digitaler Hochschulschullehre kommt seit dem Sommersemester 2020 eine gesteigerte Bedeutung zu, auch von Seiten der Medienpädagogik. Verschiedene Akteure haben in dieser Zeit ihren Studierenden dabei ähnliche Fragen zu Lernerfahrungen gestellt, meist mit dem Ziel auf die für diese schwierige Situation hinzuweisen und politische Entscheidungsträger zum Handeln zu bewegen. Dieser Artikel soll weitergehen: Studienteilnehmende sollen mittels eines hierarchischen Clusteringverfahrens auf Grundlage einer multiplen Korrespondenzanalyse bezüglich ihrer zentralen Eigenschaften gruppiert werden, und so dazu dienen, zentrale Tendenzen gruppenspezifischer zu fassen. Zudem ist es so besser mög­lich, Personengruppen zu identifizieren, die besondere Eigenschaften und unter Umstän­den Bedarfe aufweisen. Hierfür werden die Daten einer Online-Befragung aller Studierenden der Fakultät Humanwissenschaften der Universität Bamberg aus dem Mai / Juni 2020 genutzt (N = 233). Es zeigt sich, dass die Studierenden grob in vier Cluster unterschieden werden können: «junge Belastete», «ältere Masterstudierende», «motivierte Studienanfänger» und «passive Optimisten». Die tiefergehende Betrachtung der einzelnen Cluster legt nahe, dass, obwohl einige Studierende sehr gut mit der Online-Lehre zurechtzukommen scheinen, noch grosser Nachholbedarf hinsichtlich der Ermöglichung besteht: Zentrale Entwicklungsdimensionen sind das methodische Wissen der Lehrenden sowie eine Verbesserung der individuellen Infrastruktur, um allen betrachteten Gruppen den Zugang zu digitaler Lehre zu ermöglichen.
Museums for the Planet : Critical Realist Philosophy and the Possibility of an Eco-decolonial Museology
Authors:   , Jeffery Thomas Carnegie
Published: November 2021

This study introduces dialectical critical realism into museology as a philosophical underlabourer for the development of new theoretical potentials for the transformation of museum practice. The idea of the museum is in a moment of fluidity evident in emergent decolonial and ecological perspectives and in the International Council of Museum’s process of redefinition of the museum. The potential to reimagine the museum lacks a coherent philosophical and theoretical foundation. The persistence of museological dualism separates the social from the ecological and absents the emergence of relational modes of thinking and practice. This study conceives an ecological-decolonial or eco-decolonial mode of museology that is disruptive of dualism and generative of relationality, and is thus generative of agency for deeper, more effective and enduring social-ecological justice. The core of this thesis is the development of the eco-decolonial mode of museology through the DCR onto-axiological chain or ‘MELD’ schema. At 1M a depth ontological analysis augmented by interviews with key informants establishes a dialectic of society and ecology in the museological context. 1M surfaces capitalism and the implicit neoliberal ontology of museology as deep causal mechanisms of the 2E persistence of museological human-nature dualism. The paradox of ‘emancipatory neoliberalism’ is a policy-practice contradiction that absents potentials for transformation of the museum and that is held in place by the grounding ontological activity of museology, collection. The 2E perspective on absences enables the emergence of new transformative pathways towards the 3L vision of the eco-decolonial mode of museology as a (4D) new way of thinking and working to resolve neoliberal restrictions. The fundamental 4D change envisioned for museum philosophy, theory and practice is an ontological transformation from traditionalist human-nature dualism to a progressive human-nature dialectic. A case study considers instances where museum workers exercised the agency to expand practice in this way. Future work using the expansive learning methodology of Change Laboratories will develop and implement the potentials generated by the onto-axiological chain for the eco-decolonial mode to bring real change to traditional, dualist museum practice, in order to ensure the relevance and the agency of the museum as a social structure in and for a changing world.
Advances in Management of Food Allergy in Children
Authors: Chiera Fernanda , Caminiti Lucia , Crisafulli Giuseppe , Pajno Giovanni Battista
Published: November 2021

Food allergy is a potentially life-threatening medical condition and a significant public
health concern worldwide. The current management consists of strict avoidance of the culprit food
and treating any adverse reactions from unintended food ingestion. The increasing prevalence of
food allergy encouraged research and clinical trials in the field of specific allergen immunotherapy
(AIT) which represents an appealing approach, especially in pediatric age. AIT consists of the
gradual administration of growing amounts of the offending allergen in order to induce food desensitization,
which is an increase in the threshold for reactivity while continuing on regular exposure
to the allergen. AIT can be administered through oral, sublingual, epicutaneous, and subcutaneous
routes. Reports on oral immunotherapy (OIT) thus far have been more extensive. The desirable
goal is to achieve "post desensitization effectiveness", that is the ability to introduce food without
reaction even after a period of discontinuation of the offending food. Other therapeutic approaches
are being studied alongside immunotherapy such as modified proteins, probiotics, Chinese herbal
supplements, biologic therapies, and DNA vaccines.
Negotiating two worlds: An exploration of Moroccan Belgian youths’ lived experience of gender identity
Authors: Dewinter Hanne , Dehertog Hanne , De Haene Lucia
Published: November 2021

This article explores the lived experiences of Muslim youth in Belgium regarding their gender identity. Based on a qualitative study with focus groups among Moroccan Belgian youths, we examine the usefulness of studying gender identity as a dynamic construct. Gender identity is not only shaped within and through different contexts, the state of Moroccan Belgian youths negotiating between two worlds also highly complicates this construction. Gender acts as a mobilising force to legitimate borders and to differentiate from another ethnic or religious group that does not share the same practices or perceptions. Finally, processes of stereotyping, which are mainly gender-based, evoke a diversity of reactions among these youths. The aim of this article is to contribute to an understanding of the construction of gender identity as a continuous process that acquires meaning in relation to minority/majority relations in society. Directions for future research are suggested.
Allies, access and (collective) action: Young refugee women’s navigation of gendered educational constraints in Greece
Authors: Hunt Lucy
Published: November 2021

Contrary to popular media tropes of the ‘young, lone, male refugee’ arriving at Europe’s borders, Greece has in fact seen a steady flow of young refugee women arriving since 2015. While many wish to engage in post-compulsory (15+) education, in order to gain valuable skills and enjoy new freedoms, various factors make it difficult to do so. Based on eight months of ethnographic fieldwork – involving semi-structured interviews with refugee youth (aged 15-25) and other stakeholders – this paper details young refugee women’s expressions of collective and relational agency as they navigate educational constraints. These constraints primarily stem from tensions in micro-level relationships with family, peers and teachers which result from, or are exacerbated by, the conditions of ‘unsettlement’. Young refugee women’s navigational tactics involved finding and shaping alternative learning opportunities, educating peers and leveraging collective strength. The paper concludes with implications and recommendations for gender-sensitive educational initiatives.s.
Editorial - Changing surroundings and gender: An inquiry into gender dynamics in migration contexts
Authors: Vindevogel Sofie , Van Wolvelaer Fien
Published: November 2021

  
The Role of Children’s Age and Gender, and Friends’ Gender in the Children’s Interaction towards Social Problem Solving Strategies in Preschool Children
Authors: Izzaty Rita Eka
Published: November 2021

Social problem-solving strategy accepted by society is the essential accomplishments in the development of pre-school children. However, until recent studies, social problem-solving strategies among pre-school children in Indonesia is still rarely conducted. This research examines the role of age, gender in children, and friends’ gender towards social problem-solving strategies. This research utilised a purposive sampling that voluntarily involved 162 children    4-6 years old. Those children were selected from an intact family consisting of a father, mother and children who lived together.    A hypothetical social situation dilemma was utilised to gather social problem-solving strategies data from the subjects.  The data were analysed with the use of cross-tabulation and chi-square test. Concerning the data analysis, the results reveal no significant difference in social problem-solving strategies when viewed in terms of age and gender of the children and friends’ gender. This suggests that children ages 4 to 6 years for boys and girls still have the same patterns of social behaviour dealing with similar gender and different ones.
Evaluation of spatiotemporal dynamics of land cover and land surface temperature using spectral indices and supervised classification: A case study of Jobai Beel Area, Bangladesh
Authors:   Department of Geoinformation, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, University Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, et al. Abu Haider
Published: November 2021

This study aims to evaluate the spatiotemporal change of land cover (LC) and surface temperature of the Jobai Beel area, an exclusive agriculture zone, situated in the far-flung area of northwest Bangladesh using satellite data. Multi-temporal Landsat series of data from 1989 to 2020 and geospatial techniques have been employed to evaluate the LC change and land surface temperature (LST) variation. Different spectral indices such as NDVI, MNDWI, NDBal have been used to retrieve individual LC. Corresponding LST has also been extracted using the thermal bands. Supervised Classification and the post-classification change detection technique were employed to determine the temporal changes and validate the individual LC. The results were employed to assess the LST variation associated with LC changes. The results reveal that the area had undergone a drastic and inconsistent heterogeneous LC transformation during the study period. Water and vegetation areas have expanded at a rate of 0.24km2/year and 0.45km2/year respectively, while bare lands have shrunk at a rate of 0.70km2/year. In general, Bare land exhibits a significant positive correlation, when Vegetation areas show a significant negative correlation with LST. However, the correlation between water areas and LST was found statistically insignificant. Agriculture in the form of vegetation has been found the most dominating land cover character throughout the study period, which has been regulating the LST variation across the area.
Аморфизация кремниевых нанонитей при облучении ионами аргона
Authors: Кононина А.В. , Балакшин Ю.В. , Гончар К.А. , Божьев И.В. , Шемухин А.А. , Черныш В.С.
Published: November 2021

The irradiation of silicon nanowires with Ar+ ions with an energy of 250 keV and fluences from 1013 cm^-2 to 10^16 cm^-2 was carried out. The dependence of the destruction of the structure under the action of ion irradiation on the fluence is investigated by the Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that the amorphization of porous silicon occurs at higher dpa values than in thin silicon thin films.
Исследование процесса коалесценции капель эмульсии в неоднородном переменном электрическом поле при наличии межфазной асфальтеновой пленки на границе раздела масло-вода
Authors: Муллаянов А.И. , Осипова Р.Ш. , Мусин А.А. , Ковалева Л.А.
Published: November 2021

The behavior of a water-in-oil emulsion stabilized with asphaltenes under the action of an inhomogeneous alternating electric field has been studied. The experimental technique is based on the use of microfluidics, optical microscopy, and high-speed video filming. Quantitative estimates of the parameters characterizing the dynamics of the destruction of the emulsion, depending on the frequency and amplitude of the applied field, are obtained. The method will be useful in the development of effective methods for breaking emulsions and modifying existing technologies for separating oil emulsions into phases.
Вероятности оже-переходов и сечения эмиссии электронов при распаде вакансии на 2pπ-орбитали в квазимолекуле Ne-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=--Ne
Authors: Михайлов В.С. , Бабенко П.Ю. , Шергин А.П. , Зиновьев А.Н.
Published: November 2021

The Auger transition probabilities are calculated while filling a vacancy on 2pπ orbital in a Ne+-Ne quasimolecule, a short-lived system which is formed when ion and atom approach each other and decays when they scatter. For the first time calculations were performed for various degrees of particles ionization in quasimolecule. It was found that with increase of collision energy and decrease of distance of the closest approach of particles the system ionization degree increases very significantly (from 2 to 6). Using of the quantum mechanical approach and taking into account the dynamics of collisions made it possible for the first time to describe quantitatively the experimental spectra of Auge electrons for a complex many-electron quasimolecule. From the whole variety of possible Auger decay channels the dominant contribution of the transition was established, from the initial 3dπ-3dπ state to the 2pπ orbital.
Проявление линии Видома при микроволновых измерениях увлажненных перекисью водорода сорбентов
Authors: Гурулев А.А. , Орлов А.О.
Published: November 2021

For deeply supercooled bulk water, anomalies of thermodynamic values are known near the Widom line, the locus of increased fluctuations of entropy and density. In this work, we measured the reflected power of microwave radiation at a frequency of 18 GHz from a silicate sorbent sample moistened with a hydrogen peroxide solution. In the experiment, we observed variations in the recorded reflected radiation power in the range –46 – –47 °С, determined by structural changes in the liquid. Thus, it is shown that fluctuations of water parameters near the Widom line are manifested in changes not only in thermodynamic, but also in electrophysical quantities.
The magnetic field about a three-dimensional block neodymium magnet
Authors: Weir Graham John , Chisholm George , Leveneur Jerome
Published: November 2021

Neodymium magnets were independently discovered in 1984 by General Motors and Sumitomo. Today, they are the strongest type of permanent magnets commercially available. They are the most widely used industrial magnets with many applications, including in hard disk drives, cordless tools and magnetic fasteners. We use a vector potential approach, rather than the more usual magnetic potential approach, to derive the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field for a neodymium magnet, assuming an idealized block geometry and uniform magnetization. For each field or observation point, the 3D solution involves 24 nondimensional quantities, arising from the eight vertex positions of the magnet and the three components of the magnetic field. The only unknown in the model is the value of magnetization, with all other model quantities defined in terms of field position and magnet location. The longitudinal magnetic field component in the direction of magnetization is bounded everywhere, but discontinuous across the magnet faces parallel to the magnetization direction. The transverse magnetic fields are logarithmically unbounded on approaching a vertex of the magnet.

 
doi:10.1017/S1446181120000097