bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Provider Characteristics on Opioid Prescribing Behavior Among Idaho Veterinarians
Authors: Jones Tara A.
Published: June 2020

Opioid addiction and misuse have become widespread in the U.S. over the past decade,
causing a rise in opioid related mortality. High opioid prescribing rates have led public
health agencies to examine provider prescribing practices. Research has identified provider
characteristics such as gender, age, and years of experience are predictive of opioid
prescribing in human medical providers. Veterinarians are frequently licensed to prescribe
opioids, yet less is known about the prescribing practices of veterinarians. From a public
health perspective, it is important to explore the potential connection between veterinary
medicine and the opioid epidemic. The current study assessed whether variations in provider
characteristics have similar patterns of influence on veterinary prescribing behaviors. Survey
participants (n=369, response rate 48%) were veterinarians currently practicing and licensed
through the Idaho Board of Veterinary Medicine. A hierarchical multiple regression model was
employed using the sum score of opioid prescribing frequency as the dependent variable (F(4, 352)
= 8.52, p < 0.05, R2 =.09). Four independent variables (gender, age, years
of experience, and opioid education received in veterinary school) predicted provider characteristics.
Of the characteristics selected for analysis, younger age and female gender significantly predicted
higher opioid prescribing rates. When opioid education was included in the model, only gender
remained significant. This study suggests that while physician characteristics can predict opioid
prescribing behaviors in human healthcare providers, these characteristics do not seem to have the
same influence on opioid prescribing in Idaho's veterinary population.
Dis/organizing Social Capital: Tension in a U.S. National Park
Authors: Harms Blake Allen
Published: June 2020

The National Park System in the United States is a unique work environment filled with tension,
organizational complexity and challenges. Scholars often argue that these types of organizational
complexities should be addressed by increasing social capital. Social capital scholars direct
practitioner attention toward relational connection as a means of increasing social capital,
however without delving into the communicative processes of connecting with others. In this thesis,
I embrace a communication as constitutive of organization (CCO) perspective with a focus on
dis/organization to investigate "messiness" of employee expressions of social capital
in a large western national park. Engaging in qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews,
this study reveals expressions of social capital as constituted in dialectical tensions. These
findings direct scholars and practitioners interested in social capital toward the dis/organizing
processes in which social capital is constituted.
Diffusion Bonding of Inconel 600 to Silicon Carbide for Next Generation High Temperature Applications
Authors: Rodriguez Ortego Yaiza
Published: June 2020

Ceramic to metal interfaces are of interest for applications in extreme environments
because they allow increased operational temperatures, resulting in greater thermodynamic
efficiency in energy conversion processes. Ceramics offer high temperature corrosion
resistance while metals offer robust and versatile solutions to assemblies. Understanding
the solid-state reactions, the resulting interfacial microstructure, and the properties of
the joints produced by diffusion bonding is essential for developing reliable ceramic to
metal interfaces.

The combination of silicon carbide (SiC) and a nickel-based alloy (Inconel 600) offers improved
strength and resistance to high temperature degradation. This work focuses on the understanding
of the solid-state diffusion reactions at the interface between SiC and Inconel 600 using a Ag
or Ag-Pd interlayer. The diffusion bonding experiments were performed with several process
parameters, including temperature (900-930 °C), uniaxial pressure (1-10 MPa), and bonding time
(30-180 min). The effects of the process parameters on diffusion behavior and interfacial
microstructure were investigated through scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical testing. In most cases, brittle
interfacial solid-state reaction phases of Ni, Cr, and Pd-silicides were formed and affected
the interfacial microstructure. The thickness of the reacted layer was used to determine that
the diffusion mechanism for both interlayer systems followed parabolic kinetics, which is
indicative that the process is diffusion-controlled. The precise control of diffusion reactions
through bonding parameters is necessary to ensure the integrity and performance of the diffusion
bonded SiC-Inconel 600 transitions.
Intimate Partner Violence in a Native American Community
Authors: Gilbert Sheena L.
Published: June 2020

Native Americans experience a higher rate of intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to other
racial/ethnic groups (Bachman et al., 2010; Bachman et al., 2008; Bohn, 2003; Bryant-Davis et al.,
2009; Bubar, 2009; Dugan & Apel, 2003; Hamby, 2000; Perry, 2004), however, there is limited
research that examines IPV among Native American populations. To understand Native American victimization,
it is important to understand the historical context as it relates to trauma and oppression and how these
experiences influence Native victimization experiences today. Historical context, legislation, and current
policies are described, as are existing research findings pertaining to Native IPV. This research, paired
with the broader body of IPV research, provides the foundation for the current study in regard to four
areas of focus: occurrence, characteristics and risk factors, reporting and reporting barriers, and victim
service utilization and barriers. Using survey methodology, this exploratory study involved collaboration
with a tribe in the Western United States and sought to answer several research questions relating to the
focus areas. Summary and descriptive statistics are presented based on a convenience sample (N=32). Overall,
the findings regarding prevalence of violence, including IPV, coincide with prior research. Regarding
characteristics and risk factors of victimization, findings both coincide with and are contradictory to prior
literature. Furthermore, regarding barriers to reporting and seeking services, findings coincide with prior
literature in that victims in this study face unique barriers which are similar to those living in rural
locations and also specific to reservation living. The discussion and conclusion contextualize these findings
within prior IPV literature, both specific to Native Americans and the general public, and offer recommendations
for future research.
Reinforcement Learning in Self Organizing Cellular Networks
Authors: Amiri Roohollah
Published: June 2020

Self-organization is a key feature as cellular networks densify and become more heterogeneous,
through the additional small cells such as pico and femtocells. Self- organizing networks (SONs)
can perform self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing. These operations can cover
basic tasks such as the configuration of a newly installed base station, resource management, and
fault management in the network. In other words, SONs attempt to minimize human intervention where
they use measurements from the network to minimize the cost of installation, configuration, and
maintenance of the network. In fact, SONs aim to bring two main factors in play: intelligence and
autonomous adaptability. One of the main requirements for achieving such goals is to learn from
sensory data and signal measurements in networks. Therefore, machine learning techniques can play
a major role in processing underutilized sensory data to enhance the performance of SONs.

In the first part of this dissertation, we focus on reinforcement learning as a viable approach
for learning from signal measurements. We develop a general framework in heterogeneous cellular
networks agnostic to the learning approach. We design multiple reward functions and study different
effects of the reward function, Markov state model, learning rate, and cooperation methods on the
performance of reinforcement learning in cellular networks. Further, we look into the optimality of
reinforcement learning solutions and provide insights into how to achieve optimal solutions.

In the second part of the dissertation, we propose a novel architecture based on spatial indexing
for system-evaluation of heterogeneous 5G cellular networks. We develop an open-source platform based
on the proposed architecture that can be used to study large scale directional cellular networks. The
proposed platform is used for generating training data sets of accurate signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio
(SINR) values in millimeter-wave communications for machine learning purposes. Then, with taking advantage
of the developed platform, we look into dense millimeter-wave networks as one of the key technologies in
5G cellular networks. We focus on topology management of millimeter-wave backhaul networks and study and
provide multiple insights on the evaluation and selection of proper performance metrics in dense
millimeter-wave networks. Finally, we finish this part by proposing a self-organizing solution to
achieve k-connectivity via reinforcement learning in the topology management of wireless networks.
Fetus papyraceus
Authors: Firdouse Sana , Sanata Vidhyulatha , Laxmi Konduru
Published: June 2020

Fetal papyraceus is a condition where one of the fetus is compressed in-utero and eventually either gets completely resorbed or becomes paper thin, without major effect on mother or the other surviving fetus. It was rare condition, not encountered very often in the regular practice. Its incidence has increased over the past few years due to use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART). As ART has been the major cause of multiple pregnancies, in recent times, it has also increased the complications associated with it. ART has also made the rare complication a near common condition. Though the condition is managed conservatively, but may be associated with high morbidity and mortality of both mother and fetus. In this article we emphasize on the need for diagnosis of the condition to limit complications for both mother and fetus and plan the delivery accordingly. We present you the case of an elderly female with multiple pregnancy conceived by Artificial reproductive technique, with severe oligohydramnios and severe anemia with no prior evidence of twin pregnancy on routine investigations. She was evaluated and emergency caesarean of babies was done with Intraoperative surprise of total of 5 fetuses with 2 live births and 3 fetus papyraceus.
Autonomia trybunałów kościelnych w Polsce w orzekaniu nieważności małżeństwa kanonicznego: przyczynek do analizy zagadnienia
Authors: Ryguła Piotr
Published: June 2020

Zgodnie z art. 25 ust. 3 Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 2 kwietnia 1997 r. „Stosunki między państwem a kościołami i innymi związkami wyznaniowymi są kształtowane na zasadach poszanowania ich autonomii oraz wzajemnej niezależności każdego w swoim zakresie”. Konsekwencją uznania zasady niezależności i autonomii państwa i Kościoła, a tym samym wzajemnego respektowania odrębnych systemów prawnych w zakresie uznanym przez obie strony, są gwarancje zawarte w art. 10 Konkordatu. W artykule tym orzekanie w sprawach małżeństwa kanonicznego pozostawione jest sądowej jurysdykcji kościelnej i analogicznie, orzekanie w zakresie skutków cywilnych małżeństw konkordatowych – jurysdykcji państwa. W praktyce oznacza to, że wyrok sądu cywilnego orzekającego rozwód nie rodzi żadnych skutków prawnych na forum prawa kanonicznego, a orzeczenie nieważności małżeństwa przez trybunał Kościoła Katolickiego nie wpływa na cywilny „status” konkretnego związku.

Dla zachowania autonomii trybunałów kościelnych niezwykle ważna jest kwestia nieingerowania podmiotów niekanonicznych w proces zbierania materiału dowodowego przez rzeczony trybunał oraz niewykorzystywania wspomnianego materiału na forum pozakanonicznym (np. w procesach cywilnych czy karnych toczonych w sądach państwowych). W tej kwestii niezwykle ważne jest zachowanie tajemnicy nie tylko przez pracowników sądów kościelnych, adwokatów i biegłych, ale także przez same strony procesowe. Temu zagadnieniu Autor artykułu poświęca sporo uwagi.

Wyrok sądu kościelnego determinuje zakres możliwości uczestniczenia przez każdą ze stron procesowych w życiu sakramentalnym Kościoła Katolickiego. W rzeczywistości bowiem skutki prawne wyroku kanonicznego nie dotyczą tylko możliwość zawarcia związku kanonicznego przez strony procesu z osobą trzecią (lub brak takiej możliwości). Dotykają także możliwości przystępowania rzeczonych stron do innych sakramentów, takich jak spowiedź czy Komunia święta. Patrząc z tej perspektywy, zachowanie autonomii sądów kanonicznych w zakresie procesów o nieważność małżeństwa jest kwestią fundamentalną, jeśli chodzi o możliwość korzystania z konstytucyjnego prawa do wolności sumienia i wyznania przez osoby pozostające pod jurysdykcją tych trybunałów.
Zwolnienie ze służby w Policji na podstawie art. 41 ust. 2 pkt 5 ustawy o Policji a prawo policjanta to nagrody rocznej
Authors: Gacek Paweł
Published: June 2020

Artykuł został poświęcony problematyce związanej z konstrukcją prawną nagrody rocznej. Instytucja ta została uregulowana w art. 110 ustawy z dnia 6 kwietnia 1990 r. o Policji. Omówiono warunki formalne, których spełnienie uprawnia do nabycia tego prawa, a także wskazano podmioty uprawnione do przyznania nagrody rocznej. Skoncentrowano również uwagę na kwestii zwolnienia ze służby w Policji, w tym na podstawie art. 41 ust. 2 pkt 5 ustawy o Policji i wskazano, w jakich okolicznościach zwolniony policjant nabywa uprawnienia do nagrody rocznej.
Kredytowanie należności celnych na gruncie ustawy z dnia 31 lipca 1924 roku w przedmiocie uregulowania stosunków celnych
Authors: Dworas-Kulik Judyta
Published: June 2020

Niniejsza publikacja ma na celu kompleksowe omówienie przepisów odnoszących się do zagadnienia kredytu celnego w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej. W dotychczasowej literaturze przedmiotu brak publikacji analizujących przepisy dotyczące tej instytucji, dlatego też artykuł opary został przede wszystkim na analizie ustawodawstwa międzywojennego związanego w przedmiotowym zagadnieniem. Warto zaznaczyć, iż kredyt celny w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym był stosowany zarówno w transporcie lądowym, jak i morskim. W prowadzonych badaniach zastosowana została metoda historyczno-prawna, dogmatyczno-prawna oraz pomocniczo metoda komparatystyczna.
Rola Ministra Finansów w zaciąganiu zobowiązań finansowych w imieniu Skarbu Państwa. Część I
Authors: Kucia-Guściora Beata
Published: June 2020

W artykule omówione zostało zagadnienie zaciągania zobowiązań w imieniu Skarbu Państwa realizowane poprzez przyznanie szczególnych kompetencji w tym zakresie Ministrowi Finansów. Dokonana analiza norm określających zasady zaciągania tychże zobowiązań wskazuje na szerokie kompetencje Ministra Finansów świadczące o jego szczególnym położeniu prawnym. Minister Finansów odgrywa główną rolę w procesach związanych z emisją lub wystawianiem skarbowych papierów wartościowych. Jest głównym podmiotem decyzyjnym, niepodzielnie skupiającym działania prowadzące do zaciągania zobowiązań w imieniu Skarbu Państwa w obszarze emisji papierów wartościowych: począwszy od realizacji przyznanych mu uprawnień prawotwórczych, gdzie określa warunki emisji skarbowych papierów wartościowych, poprzez dokonywanie czynności planistycznych oraz w zakresie organizacji rynku skarbowych papierów wartościowych, aż po zawieranie umów z agentami emisji, Dealerami Skarbowych Papierów Wartościowych, a także innymi uczestnikami rynku skarbowych papierów wartościowych. Szczególna pozycja Ministra Finansów wynika nie tylko z szerokiego zakresu jego kompetencji, ale także ze sformułowania przepisów prawa finansów publicznych, pozostawiającego temu organowi szerokie pole do dyskrecjonalnych działań nieograniczonych formalnie kompetencjami realizowanymi przez inne organy.
Ubezpieczenia społeczne pracowników miejskich Zarządu miasta Lublina w latach 1918-1939
Authors: Szewczak-Daniel Mariola
Published: June 2020

Na ziemiach polskich po odzyskaniu niepodległości istniały różne systemy prawne odziedziczone po zaborcach. Odmienny stan prawny obowiązywał także w dziedzinie ubezpieczeń społecznych. Stworzenie jednolitego systemu ubezpieczeń społecznych w odradzającym się państwie było bardzo trudnym zadaniem. Należało bowiem nie tylko ujednolicić ustawodawstwo pozaborcze, ale przede wszystkim dostosować je do warunków społeczno-politycznych niepodległego kraju. Ujednolicenie zasad ubezpieczeń społecznych nastąpiło za sprawą wejścia w życie ustawy z dnia 28 marca 1933 r. o ubezpieczeniu społecznym, zwanej powszechnie „ustawą scaleniową”. Analiza zasad ubezpieczania pracowników samorządowych międzywojennego Lublina pokazuje, że mimo uchwalenia jednolitych norm prawnych w zakresie ubezpieczeń społecznych, samorządy terytorialne, a właściwie organy

samorządowe, na mocy obowiązujących przepisów miały prawo samookreślania warunków uzyskiwania świadczeń pomocy lekarskiej oraz zabezpieczenia emerytalnego w drodze wydawanych statutów wewnętrznych, co prowadziło do swoistego rodzaju partykularyzmu prawnego systemu ubezpieczeń pracowniczych.
Definicja bezpieczeństwa społecznego okiem prawnika – krytyczna próba usystematyzowania pojęć
Authors: Zając Paweł
Published: June 2020

Bezpieczeństwo społeczne, jako element bezpieczeństwa narodowego, stanowi z punktu widzenia organów administracji publicznej jeden z istotnych czynników wyznaczających kierunek polityki wewnętrznej państwa. Dlatego też na przestrzeni wieków podejmowano liczne próby stworzenia definicji bezpieczeństwa społecznego, wtłaczając w jej ramy co raz to nowe elementy. Pokłosiem takiego działania jest brak jednej, komplementarnej definicji pojęcia, która satysfakcjonowałaby wszystkich przedstawicieli zarówno świata nauki, jak i polityki.

Niniejszy artykuł ma celu ukazanie wybranych koncepcji bezpieczeństwa społecznego wraz ze wskazaniem jego istoty i natury oraz poddanie ich krytycznej analizie. Autor powyższym zabiegiem chce rozpocząć dyskusję dotyczącą uniwersalizacji pojęć i definicji związanych z bezpieczeństwem społecznym.
Historical Development of Settlements near Fallujah in the Light of Archaeological Evidence and Cuneiform Writing Sources
Authors: Owaid Swaidan Al-Mohammadi Zeyad
Published: June 2020

This study focuses on the historical development of urban settlements in the third millennium BCE, using archaeological evidence and sources of the Cuneiform Torah, and considers the importance of these centers to modern-day Fallujah. The history of Fallujah cannot be separated from the history of Mesopotamia. The area in which Fallujah is situated has seen a number of important settlements at different points in history, since man first came to the region, owing to its prime position at the juncture of internal and external transport routes in Mesopotamia and its involvement in the distribution of water through irrigation channels. The role of these early settlements was been inherited by later cities, many of which have had a substantial political and economic impact on the history of Mesopotamia. This study was based on two hypotheses. The first concerns the emergence of the location of the settlements along transport routes, and these conditions concerns their establishment on the basis of irrigation canals and irrigation technology.
Keywords: Archaeological, Fallujah, Joha, Cuneiform, Settlements
The Population of Fallujah A Documentary Study in the Light of the General Census of 1947
Authors: Abdul karim Alhiti GhassanM. , MohammedS .Mahidi Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Fallujah is an Iraqi city located on the left bank of the Euphrates River, 60 kilometers west of Baghdad. This research deals with the study of reality of the population and society of the city in 1947 based on an official document (General Census of 1947).This document is the most important source through which we can draw a close picture of the reality of Fallujah society at that time which is characterized by neutrality because it is issued by an official institution. This documentary study included the people of Fallujah in different respects, population, age, gender, housing in the countryside or urban, nature of housing,social conditions, the most important health impairments in this society, their religion and sects, nationalities, movement of these people from other governorates, their professions and their crafts, the most important business and economic functions prevailing then, health and cultural situations, depending on the number of institutions in the city at the time and the number of employees. The research is enhanced by graphs and tables that facilitate the purpose for which the research was written.
Keywords: Fallujah Countryside and Urban, History of Fallujah, People of Fallujah, Population of Fallujah, Society of Fallujah
Inheritance, Sheikh Abdullah Hadid (May Allah Have Mercy on Him) and his Role in Building Society
Authors: Abbas Alisawi Moahmmed Hamzah
Published: June 2020

The Islamic Ummah introduces many scholars to various kinds and types of knowledge, especially in Islamic jurisprudence. Consistent with my desire to facilitate this, and revive the memory of those scolars who served the city of Fallujah and the dissemination of the teachings of Islamic law in general and Islamic jurisprudence in particular, this article focuses on one of the prominent figures of this city, Sheikh Abdullah Hadid. This article discusses his life, his biography, and his impact and great virtue on students of the Alsifiyah school, where he taught the Holy Quran before joining Alasfia. He was the first agent of the Court of Fallujah in matters of inheritance, allowing his reputation to spread among people in Anbar and nearby provinces. This research is grounded on sa series of interviews with his former students a range of other sources and references. In addition, I draw on my personal experiences of his teaching (when he taught me the method of Altzbir and spelling of the Holy Quran), and the years I accompanied him before his illness and death nces. The introduction focuses on the importance of the topic and the reasons for choosing it. The first segment considers his name, lineage, birth, and death. The second segment explores his method of teaching the the Holy Quran and inheritance. The third segment focuses on his religious and reformist role in society. The conclusion summarises my findings with regards to his impact on the construction of communities.
Keywords: Sheikh, community building, scientist, Abdullah Hadid, my assumption.
The	Morphology	of the Traditional	Fallujah Market between 1870 and 1958
Authors: Al janabia Hasan , Al Anib Alaa
Published: June 2020

This study analyses the regional and autonomous components of the emergence and development of the traditional market of the city of Fallujah, initially a simple and modest commercial centre that evolved into a major urban hub by the end of the Ottoman empire. In particular, the article considers the use of traditional Arab architectural styles where, owing to the lack of modern methods of lighting, heating and cooling, architects sought to utilise the sun, moon and air currents. The role of the city as a vital nexus in the region;s transport infrastructure is also considered, as these transport links served as a catalytic external force which drove the expansion of the Fallujah marketplace and profoundly im[acted its urban identity. By studying the morphological reality of the market of the city of Fallujah in terms of origin and internal composition as well as urban fabric, this study hopes to offer new insights into the morphological identity of the city. It was necessary to follow and adopt a methodology for research through the descriptive-analytical method based on the collection of information, both from the sources that addressed the city and field study through direct observation and question the people of the city, especially the centenarians and officials in the municipality and a questionnaire.
Keywords: Architectural styles, Khans, Fallujah market, commercial establish- ments, morphology
The efforts of Sheikh Abdul-Aziz Al-Samarrai in interpreting his book (The Science of Fundamentals of Interpretation) as a modelُ
Authors: Mijbas AL-Azzawi Yasir Hussein , Abdul Sattar Shallal AL-Dahhan Mahmood
Published: June 2020

The contribution of the Al-Asifiyah School to jurisprudential studies, as well as other fields of knowledge, is well established amongst the scholarly community. More importantly, as a teaching scholar, Sheikh Abdul Aziz al-Samarrai has produced research in a variety of fields. His work in the Holy Quran Basics of Interpretation were particularly notable, culminating in his book The Basics of Holy Quran Interpretation. This study explores one of the major aspects of this book,
Keywords: Efforts - Sheikh Abdul Aziz - Science - Fundamentals of Interpretation- Book
Methodology and Approach of Sheikh Abdulaziz Salem Samurai: Islamic Jurisprudence and Al-Asifiyah School As a Model Study
Authors: M. Ahmed Alrawi Saleh
Published: June 2020

Praise be to Allah, praying and blessing are due the Prophet Muhammad and his household and companions. This paper considers Sheikh Abdulazeez Salem Al-Samarrai’s approach in Islamic Jurisprudence. Focusing on the fundamentalist approach adopted in Al-Asifiya school, I payespecial attention to the Sheikh’s message with regards to Jurisprudence fundamentals, as well as the rest of the books taught by the Sheikh in the school. I also consider how his syllabus was adopted in the school in order to confer an accredited certificate for the alumni of the school. The school has produced some of the finest scholars professors nationwide. May Allah the Almighty bless our Prophet Muhammad and his Hhousehold and Companions.
Keywords: Abdulaziz, Al-Asifiyah, Method, Islamic Jurisprudence, Samarrai
The Efforts of the Al-Asifiyah School Scholars in the Holy Quran Interpretaion Ahmd O. Al-Kubaisi's The Best of Stories As a Model Study
Authors: Aamer Abdulbaqi Almohammdi Wadhah
Published: June 2020

TheimpactofAl-AsfiyacanstillbefeltacrossIraq; its scholars still shine in the scholarly circles, particularly with regards to the recitation and interpretation of the holy Quran. One of the most successful scholars in this field is Professor Ahmed Al-Kubaisi, whose book The Best of Stories is the focus of this paper. This study is broken into three parts. The introduction lays out the research objectives and potential issues. The next sectionoffersanoverviewofProfessorAl-Kubaisi’swork.Thesecondsectionexplores the scholarship in The Best of Stories, considering the approach taken and resources used.
Keywords: Asfiya, efforts, interpretation, Ahmed Kubaisi, the best stories.
Distinguished Students in the Study of Academic Jurisprudence
Authors: Jassem Hamoudal–Jumaili Saadi , Hussein Audaal–Kubaisi Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Following the era of prophet Muhammed (PBUH), the nation has religiously relied on one of the four accredited jurisprudential doctrines. Despite their differences in many scientific issues, these doctrines did not deviate from the approach of the prophet’s companions in ruling judgments. It is the wisdom of God to set certain general guidelines and principles for Sharia Law to ensure a well-organized life for the people in all times and places. The Islamic law is characterized by immortality. It remains as long as man exists. Its branches are renewed with the passag of every day and night. It is preserved by God the Almighty. This comes out after the Islamic nation has woken up from its inattention and dormancy and regain its personality. Allah the Almighty has true believers in every period and time. They are mandated to revive the disappeared principles of this religion. In the light of this fact, it is a matchless honor to be the servants of this nation and, with the help of the almighty, to enlighten people with knowledge. If we succeed in communicating our message it is because of the blessing so the almighty but if we fail it is because of the whims of the self. The advantage of the school Alasfia extend beyond the mosques and into society. Many of the school alumni excelled in academic study. Among those outstanding alumni is Sheikh Yassin Mohammed Saeed al-Walid, who will be the focus of our article. The first segment of this paper considers the role of the students of the Asfiya school in the field of jurisprudence and academic excellence. The second segment explores the life of Sheikh Yassin Mohammed Saeed Al-Waleed. The third segment discusses the provisions of the Hajj and Umrah in terms of methodology and resources and inferences and scientific value. Finally, in the conclusion we present the most important results we have arrived at through this research. We pray Allah the Almighty to deem our work beneficial for muslims and finally all praise is due Allah and He is the guardian of success.
Keywords: Assefi, academic, jurisprudence, students, studies.
The Godly Sheikh Khaleel Bin Muhammed Al-Fayadh: His Educational Efforts in Social Reform
Authors: Ouda Sohaib A. , Ouda Muhammmed H.
Published: June 2020

Since its founding, Fallujah has been marked by virtue and generosity. It was endowed with a brilliant history and is widely known for its great contribution to education,such as the Asfiy school. This school is a vital cornerstone in the construction and propagation of the nation's religion. The School alumni can be found throughout much of the globe. They are admitted to Al-Azhar without need for curricular clearance. This school has adopted a scientific-educational approach, unmatched among today’s schools, which has made it a permanent and continued success. Despite the small size of the student body, Al-Asifiya students are of exceptional quality. This conference is organized to revive the glorious history of the land of Mesopotamia from the district of Fallujah. The intellectual wheel in Fallujah has remained a resilient one. Whenever a setback happens to the intellectual and civic life, it’s followed by a stronger regenerative movement, and a scientific renaissance that dust itself off and renew its glory. One of the bst examples of this is the reopening of the Al-Asifia School, led by an excellent staff of outstanding teachers. One of these is the pious Khaleel Bin Muhammed Bin Abdullah Al-Fayadh, well-known for his good morals, easygoing character, educational experience and wisdom in Islam advocacy and Guiding. He led a celebrated life in Al-Asifiyah with its leading guardian SheikhAbdulazeezAl-Samarrai, the knowledge agent in Anbar Province. Sheikh Fayadh is the Sheikh of Al-Asifiyah, he learnt from Sheikh Abdulazeez a variety of religious, narrated, and mental studies. He was licensed and publicly authorized to take over the administration of the school following Al-Samarrai. Al-Fayadh obtained the respect and a lofty position among the Fallujan community.
Keywords: Scientist, community reform, educational efforts, Sheikh Khalil, Mohammed Fayad
Fallujah in the Cuneiform Texts and Classical Sources
Authors: Ahmed Al-Jumaily Ahmed Hussain
Published: June 2020

Fallujah is an Iraqi town with long history, located on the eastern bank of Euphrates. It is a part of the historical city of Anbar whose ruins lie 5km north-west of the modern-day Fallujah. This area had a strategic importance in Mesopotamia, because of its position on the overland  and river trade routes. It represented the vital artery of the Babylon and Assyria empires, offering access to Syria and the Mediterranean coasts. The city was in fact the site of a conflict between the Babylonians and Assyrians. This paper focuses on the history of the region. Located within a region called Sokhy or Sokho, which is extends from al Qaim district (Khandano) in the west-north to the town of Fallujah in the east-south. The name of Fallujah is mentioned as Pallukat in the texts of the modern Babylonian and Assyrian ages. It is derived from the Akkadian term Palagu which means ‘the little river’ in the Semitic languages. These appellations correspond with Fallujah’s position on the left bank of Euphrates.
Keywords: Anbar, Sokhy, Fallujah, Classic sources, cuneiform texts
The Arab Urban Identity of the City of Fallujah in the Ottoman and Royal Periods
Authors: hamadi alfalahi Ahmed salman
Published: June 2020

Arab and Islamic urban identity is known for its personality and methods of construction which take into account the psychological and social composition of the Arab human being. This study considers the Arab urban identity of the city of Fallujah, tracing the changes that have taken place in the city in terms of the city plan and urban pattern and land uses.
Keywords: urban identity, urban texture, urban landscape, Arab city, Society of Fallujah
Designing Cartogram Maps of the Morphological Stages of Fallujah City Between 1870 and 1940, Using Geographic Techniques
Authors: Mohammed Jihad Kubais Ahmed
Published: June 2020

This paper attempts to use the concept of cartography to review the morphological stages the city experienced for the period(1870- 1940). In particular,this study uses three dimensional volumetric maps to highlight the various stages of development along with Scape Toad, one of the cartogrpahic techniques which uses specific quantitative data (spatial space), and the environment tools ArcGis10.7 and Arc scene. One can present the phases of the city’s formation through a CD-ROM (avi) as a historical-geographical document. The paper has two sections, the first offers an introduction to the morphology of the city, while the second discusses the cartogram of morphological maps.
Keywords:Cities, Morphology, GIS, Cartogram Maps
Al-Asfiya School in Fallujah: Its Scholarly and Intellectual Impact Prof. Yassin Nasser AlKhatib Al-Kubaisi As a Model
Authors: . Ahmed A. Jumaa
Published: June 2020

The ”Asifyah” school in Fallujah has enjoyed an enormous scholarly and intellectual impact, not only in Fallujah but also across Iraq, the Arab and the larger Islamic world. This is highlighted by the great scientific output of the school’sscholarSheikh Abdul Aziz Salem Al-Samarrai, along with the rest of the students of the school who influenced the Arab and Islamic library with a variety of works, which included the sciences of Sharia, language, philosophy, and logic. One of the most famous students of this school is the scholar Dr. Yassin Al-Khatib Al-Kubaisi, who has left a substantial scientific legacy in almost sixty works and his presence as a teacher in the Holy Mosque and Umm Al-Qura University in Mecca, as well as his radio lessons broadcast in Iraq, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Indonesia.
Keywords: Intellectual Scientific Efforts Yassin Al-Khatib.
The Jurisprudential Approach to Al-Asifiya School By Al-Emaam Alnawawy As a Model
Authors: Najeeb Al Joani’I Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Al-Asifiya school was founded in Fallujah in 1944 by Shaikh Hamid Al-mulla Hwesh in an echo to Al-Sifiyah School of Baghdad that was founded in 1242H. ThetimeofShaikhAbdulazizAl-Samarrai,during1949,is considered one of the brightest periods in the history of the school. The educational system was twelve-level system. And the jurisprudential approach is based on Shafai jurisprudence in the early stages, while the comparative jurisprudence is taught in the final stages. It is noteworthy the book Al Talbeen Approach, by Al-Emam Nawawey, commands a great interest in the school syllabus. It is taught in all stages. It always attracts the importance among the Jurisprudential scholars in terms of interpretation and understanding.
Keywords: Al-Asfiyya, Fallujah, Al-Minhaj Al-Nawawi, Fiqh approach.
Fallujah Pontoon Bridge: A Study of the Toll Tax Regulation 1921-1926
Authors: . QasimK.AlassiAl-Jumaily , Abdul Rahman Karim Ferdus
Published: June 2020

Fallujah pontoon bridges were not merely crossings installed to join the west and east banks of the Euphrates River, they also represented a vital link in the land transport network that connected Iraq to the outside world in the eastern Mediterranean and beyond. With the growth of Fallujah’s economic role on the international commercial map in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the pontoon bridges gained a huge commercial and military significance (demonstrated by the Ottomans’ repeated attempts to install such pontoon bridges along the Euphrates banks near Fallujah). The local authorities in Iraq regulated the toll tax imposed on crossing bridges and using ferries in Fallujah. However, toll tax regulation was considerably developed under the Hashemite monarchy. This is the key focus of this paper, which evaluates the development of the toll tax regulations, investigating unpublished official documents produced during the Hashemite monarchy.
Keywords: Fallujah, Modern History, Pontoon bridges, Toll tax regulation.
Sheikh, the Scholar, Parent: Ibrahim Rahim Al-Hiti’s Scholarly and Advocacy Efforts at Al-Isfiyya School
Authors: Ibrahim Rahim Al-Haiti Abdul Sattar
Published: June 2020

One of the scholars of al-Asafiyya School in Fallujah for the second half of the fourteenth century AH was Ibrahim Rahim Al-Hiti. He was an imam, orator, and preacher, and he was a reference for Fatwa on pressing issues. He followed the same curriculum as Sheikh Abdulaziz Salem Al-Samarrai (may God have mercy on him) with regards to his teaching methodology, particularly in terms of scientific and cognitive progression. AlHitiwas distinguished by his social standing, as he represented the religious and social reference in both the city of Heet and Fallujah. He passed away on Friday morning, 30 Shawwal 1404 AH corresponding to July 27, 1984 CE.
Keywords: Hiti, Fallujah the Great Mosque , Khatib , imamate , Sheikh , Ibrahim, Rahim
Creating High-Performance Organizations in Asia: Issues to Consider
Authors: de Waal André
Published: June 2020

In recent decades the Asian continent has gained in economic importance. This advancement has not been without its problems. Therefore, in order to stay competitive, Asian companies need to transform themselves into high-performance organizations (HPO). This means that they need to know the factors that will make them world-class. This paper described the application of the HPO Framework, a holistic and scientifically validated framework for creating HPOs which has earlier been used successfully at several Asian companies where it was used to identify main organizational areas which have to be strengthened in order for these organizations to become HPOs. In this paper we investigate, based on data collected at organizations in multiple Asian countries, what the main issues are for Asian organizations which they need to address in order to become truly high performing.
Syria’s ordeal: A modern state’s disintegration in an age of fake news and superpower regional rivalry
Authors: Stanley William R.
Published: June 2020

The negative impact of globalization is readily observed in today’s Syria. Ravished by seven years of internal conflict stimulated initially by Tunisia’s Arab awakening, this once proud state has become a magnet for religious fanatics and their wealthy sponsors in conservative Saudi Arabia and other countries far and near seeking geopolitical advantage. Not least Syria has experienced the seemingly futile endeavors by those in the United Nations and elsewhere seeking a solution to this country’s enduring turmoil. Military intervention by Iran and Russia has changed the configuration of the conflict at the critical point in time when Israeli and American intervention provides a dangerous environment for superpower conflict. All the while, Syrians remaining in the country suffer, and those seeking safety elsewhere are threatening to destabilize Lebanon, Turkey and Jordan and, farther afield, the cohesion of the European Community.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Beberapa Varietas dan Aplikasi Pseudomonas fluorescens untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Bulai (Peronosclerospora maydis) pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ulhaq Muhamad Aditia , Masnilah Rachmi
Published: June 2020

Corn is one of the commodities that have high economic value and important role in meeting food needs in Indonesia. Unfavorable conditions on the rate of the higher demand for corn. Pests to be one limiting factor that causes a decrease in the production of corn. Peronosclerospora maydis is a pathogen that causes downy mildew on corn. P. maydis infects corn plants at the age of 2-3 weeks, with the level of damage reaches 80-100%. Control efforts against this disease one of them using antagonistic microbes such as bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens. P. fluorescens has the potential to control downy mildew because it produces compounds that are antibiosis as chitinase enzymes that can hydrolyze the cell walls of fungi. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of the interaction of P. fluorescens isolates applications and the use of some varieties to suppress downy mildew attack P. maydis on corn. The method used is to use a random test design of a factorial group with 2 factors. The first factor is the type of varieties with three levels namely V1: Pioneer 27, V2: Pioneer 21 and V3: Bonanza. The second factor is a type of isolates P. fluorescens with three levels namely P1: without the application of P. fluorescens, P2: Isolates P. fluorescens (A) and P3: Isolate of P. fluorescens (B). The result is the application of P. fluorescens and use of some varieties can suppress downy mildew P. maydis.
Pemanfaatan Deleterious rhizobacteria Untuk Mengendalikan Gulma Utama Tanaman Padi di Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Cahyadi Yogi Ardhi , Hasjim Saifuddin
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of plant pathogens from Deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB) that have the potential as biological control agents in the main weeds of rice plants. This research was conducted in April-August 2019 at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember. Rhizobacteria sampling was taken from rice fields in Mayang District. Weed sampling technique is done by purposive randomized sampling. The collections of pathogen-infected weeds are then isolated using laminar airflow and identified through several test stages. DRB exploration results obtained by two microorganisms that can be used as biological control to control the main weeds of rice plants from the Pseudomonas group, they are P. syringae pv. glycinea (M1) and P. syringae pv. syringae (M2). Based on the identification of the two isolates morphologically that (M1) has a greenish-white color with a flat edge type. Whereas the isolate code (M2) has a yellowish murky white color with a rather irregular jagged edge type. However, the two isolates have similarities in spherical shape. The physiological observations of both M1 and M2 isolate from the Catalase test, fluorescent pigments produce gram-positive (+) while gram tests produce gram-negative (-). The conclusion of this research is the characterization of P. syringae pv. glycinea (M1) and P. syringae pv. syringae (M2) both morphologically and physiologically.
ANALYSIS OF KANO STATE BUDGET FROM ISLAMIC ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE 2007-2015
Authors: Sabiu Tasiu Tijjani , Bako Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Budgeting on conventional ground devises social goals by individualism, self-interest, and misplacement of priorities which creates and widens social inequality. On the other hand, Budgeting from Islamic economics perspective envisages and promotes equity, justice, and equality through mutual consultation and public maslaha and this is achieved by placing the budget in line with the goals of sharia which serves humanity better. The objective of the paper is to critically analyze Kano state budget from 2007 to 2015 based on Maqasid sharia framework. Thus, the paper is a conceptual analysis which relies on journal articles, books, conference proceedings and other relevant materials. The study reveals that the Kano state administration between 2007 to mid2011 incorporate sharia parameters fully into its budget policy and implementation while that of 2011 to mid-2015 partially observe some of the sharia parameters by emphasizing mostly on human capital development and capital project. Thepaper recommends that since Kano state is a sharia-compliant state and that the future administrations should fully envisage sharia parameters in its budget policies and implementation by placing more emphasis on and proper utilization of sharia supportive institutions or pillars such as Zakat and Hubsi commission, Hisbah board, sharia commission, coupled with productive and sustainable human and capital development projects.
Faculty of Economics and Business - University of Airlangga
Authors: Hayati Putri Septiani Dwi , Suprayogi Noven
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to Determine the differences of Internet Financial Reporting Quality. This study was using quantitative approach with one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test. The population of this study was official website of islamic banks in Indonesia, Malaysia, Iran, Sudan. The Data was collected from the central bank's official website in each country and the official website of islmaic banks in each country. That the data being used was secondary data. The result of this study showes that there was significant differences of Internet Financial Reporting Quality between Indonesia, Malaysia, Iran, Sudan. The difference is the caused there are significant differences between the quality of content, timeliness, user support components. Meanwhile, there is no differences between technology components
EDITORIAL: COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DEMAND
Authors: Haryanto Tri
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 pandemic has become a global issue. Many experts predict that this pandemic will cause global economic growth to decline this year, or even the global economic recession. All efforts conducted by many countries in the world massively to prevent its spread such as social distancing, self-isolation, and similar actions to lockdown may have a major impact on tourism demand in many countries. The next section sequentially will discuss a brief review of the role of international tourism on the economy, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy and international tourism, and further research topics for the next edition.
DISKRIMINASI IMIGRAN KULIT PUTIH BERWARNA DALAM MASA KEBIJAKAN MULTIKULTURALISME PASCA PENGHAPUSAN WHITE AUSTRALIAN POLICY
Authors: Poetrie Sandy Tieas Rahmana
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper concern on the multiculturalism in Australia related to the immigration policy. Since the application of “White Australia Policy” which makes some restriction to people from other countries who are considered as different color and non-English speakers to come to Australia ended in 1907, the government attempts to eliminate the discrimination treatments to them all. This paper employs descriptive essay which was aimed to describe more aboutAustralian multiculturalism after the end of “White Australia Policy”. The technique of data collection was literary study from some sources like journals and some news from internet. The writer took three cases have ever happenedrelated to the multiculturalism in Australia to analyse the application of immigrants policy after “White Australia Policy” annulment. Those are Arabians beating in Sydney coast by Neo-Nazi, discrimination against Muslim minorityand Africans by police in Victoria, and also Muslim demonstration because of Muhammad humiliation. The study revealed that “White Australia Policy” still can not completely be eliminated. Those three cases, it shows that there arestill many discrimination treatments against coloured immigrants; on the other hand the government is still trying to implement a multiculturalism policy.