bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Collaborative Learning Development Exercise (CLeD-EX): an educational instrument to promote key collaborative learning behaviours in medical students
Authors: Iqbal Maha Pervaz , Velan Gary M , Sullivan Anthony O’ Sullivan J O’ , Balasooriya Chinthaka
Published: February 2020

Background:
Modern clinical practice increasingly relies on collaborative and team-based approaches to care. Regulatory bodies in medical education emphasise the need to develop collaboration and teamwork competencies and highlight the need to do so from an early stage of medical training. In undergraduate medical education, the focus is usually on collaborative learning, associated with feedback and reflection on this learning This article describes a novel educational instrument, the Collaborative Learning Development Exercise (CLeD-EX), which aims to foster the development of key collaborative learning competencies in medical students. In this article we report on the effectiveness, feasibility and educational impact of the CLeD-EX.
Methods:
In this study, the “educational design research” framework was used to develop, implement and evaluate the CLeD-EX. This involved adopting a systematic approach towards designing a creative and innovative instrument which would help solve a real-world challenge in developing collaborative learning skills. The systematic approach involved a qualitative exploration of key collaborative learning behaviours which are influential in effective collaborative learning contexts. The identified competencies were employed in the design of the CLeD-EX. The design of the CLeD-EX included features to facilitate structured feedback by tutors to students, complemented by self-evaluation and reflection. The CLeD-EX was field-tested with volunteer junior medical students, using a controlled pre-test post-test design. Analysis of the completed CLeD-EX forms, self-perception surveys (i.e. pre-test and post-test surveys) and analyses of reflective reports were used to explore the educational impact of CLeD-EX, as well as its utility and practicality.
Results:
After using the CLeD-EX, students showed a significant improvement in critical thinking and group process as measured by a previously validated instrument. Both students and tutors recognised CLeD-EX as an effective instrument, especially as a structured basis for giving and receiving feedback and for completing the feedback loop. CLeD-EX was also found to be feasible, practical and focused, while promoting learning and effective interactions in small group learning.
Conclusion:
The findings of this study support the introduction of an effective and feasible educational instrument such as the CLeD-EX, to facilitate the development of students’ skills in collaborative learning.
Trabeculae microstructure parameters serve as effective predictors for marginal bone loss of dental implant in the mandible 
Authors: Zhang Hengguo , Shan Jie , Zhang Ping , Jiang Hongbing
Published: February 2020

Background: To investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of machine learning models based on trabecular microstructure parameters for predicting the occurrence of marginal bone loss (MBL) of the submerged dental implant in mandible. Methods: Clinical variables and morphological parameters of trabecular bone were collected from 81 subjects with submerged implants in the mandible (41 cases of abnormal MBL and 40 as normal controls). We measured the peri-implant MBL level by a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at the follow-up of 20.95±2.67 months after functional loading. The morphological parameters and possible factors associated with MBL were collected in a mean of 3.98±1.06 months at the early loading stage. All variables were analyzed using correlation and covariance matrices. Support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), logistic regression (LR) model and random forest (RF) were actualized to predict abnormal MBL.Results: At the early stage of functional loading, the abnormal MBL cases showed a significant increase of structure model index (SMI) and trabecular pattern factor (Tb.Pf) in peri-implant. Meanwhile, SMI and Tb.Pf simultaneously revealed a significantly high positive correlation with MBL. The SVM model exhibited the best outcome in predicting MBL (AUC = 0.967), followed by ANN (AUC = 0.928), LR (AUC = 0.906), RF (AUC = 0.842), SMI alone (AUC = 0.705) and Tb.Pf alone (AUC = 0.663). Compared with one single predictor, all algorithm models yielded significantly superior performance.Conclusion: Abnormal MBL cases demonstrated the premonitory morphological variation in trabecular bone at the early stage. MBL prediction could be achieved by machine learning methods.
Effectiveness of preoperative bath using Chloroxylenol antiseptic soap on the incidence of post emergency Cesarean section surgical site infection at Mbarara Regional Referral hospital, Uganda: a Randomized Controlled trial
Authors: Lukabwe Henry , Kajabwangu Rodgers , Mugisha Dale , Mayengo Horace , Munyanderu Baraka , Baluku Asanairi , Manyang Anthony , Lapat Jolly Joe , Banya Francis , Kayondo Musa , Mayanja Ronald , Muhumuza Joy , Bajunirwe Francis , Ngonzi Joseph
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are infections that occur at or near the surgical incision within 30 days of the surgery. SSIs are the commonest form of hospital acquired infections in sub Saharan Africa with estimates between 15%-45%. Cesarean delivery is the single most important risk factor for postpartum infections, carrying a 5 to 20-fold increase in the risk of developing sepsis, with an even higher risk when the operation is an emergency. In sub Saharan Africa, the leading cause of maternal mortality is puerperal sepsis. There is a need for simple interventions that can reduce this burden of SSI in the limited resource settings. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of chloroxylenol in reducing the incidence of post Cesarean section surgical site infections at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital.Methods: We conducted a single blinded randomized controlled trial at MRRH maternity ward in which women due for CS were randomized into either control or intervention arms. The intervention was a complete body bath with chloroxylenol antiseptic soap before the operation, while the control arm study participants received a standard pre-operative preparation procedures according to the existing ward protocol. All participants were followed up for 30 days and assessed using a standard SSI screening tool.Results: Ninety-six women were randomized, and 48 were assigned to either arm. The overall incidence of SSI was 30.21%. The incidence of SSI was significantly lower in the intervention compared to the control arm, at 6.25% in the intervention arm versus 54.17% in the control arm (p value<0.001). Chloroxylenol bath was protective of SSI with a 90% risk reduction for SSI (95% confidence interval of 67% – 97%).Conclusion: A preoperative bath with chloroxylenol for pregnant mothers is associated with a significantly lower risk of post Cesarean section surgical site infections. Health facilities with a high burden of post SSI should consider adding this simple and effective intervention to the existing infection prevention measures. Clinical Trials.gov registration (NCT03544710)
Risk Factors Associated With Infection of Blood-Borne Virus among People Who Used Methamphetamine
Authors: Cai Yilin , Dai Zheng , Wen Sijin , Bhandari Ruchi
Published: February 2020

Background The surge of methamphetamine use has been a complicating factor compounding the U.S. poly-drug use landscape. Infections of blood-borne virus including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV, arising from methamphetamine use continue to grow. This study aimed to examine the risk factors associated with blood-borne infections from HBV, HCV and HIV among people who used methamphetamine. Methods Methamphetamine users were identified from five National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohorts from 2007 to 2016. We examined the association of sexual activities (sexual partners, sexual identity), drug use behaviors (poly-drug use, injection drug use, number of times drug use, age started using methamphetamine), demographics and socio-economic status with blood-borne infections using bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions. Results There were 1,075 participants representing approximately 11,319,270 methamphetamine users in the U.S. with prevalence of blood-borne infections 13.4 per 100,000. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed significant associations of blood-borne infections with age 50-59 years (adjusted odds ratio 6.32, 95% CI 1.35-29.69), living within poverty index 1-1.9 (2.80; 1.33 – 5.88), living below the poverty threshold (2.46; 1.14 – 5.28), having lower than high school education (3.57; 1.74 – 7.33), identified as men who have sex with men (MSM) (54.24; 13.80 – 213.24), using methamphetamine with other substances (5.86; 1.50 – 22.87), injection drug use (3.77; 1.93 – 7.36), and started using methamphetamine at age above 25 (2.18; 1.05 – 4.54). Conclusions Polysubstance use, injection drug use, and MSM were strongly associated with increased risk of blood-borne infections among methamphetamine users.
Mental Health and Mining Dam Rupture: a qualitative study on impacts to affected people in a city in Brazil
Authors: Santos Marcela Alves de Lima , Modena Celina Maria
Published: February 2020

Background: In 2015, a technological disaster occurred through a mining dam rupture in the municipality of Mariana, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In addition to impacts on the environment, there were 19 deaths and displacements of approximately 300 families. The purpose of the study is to investigate the perception of psychosocial impacts on the population affected by this disaster from the perspective of different groups involved and to suggest guidelines for the construction of mental health interventions in this context.Methods: The study was conducted during the period of 2015 to 2019 from the perspective of qualitative research using participant observation, focus groups and individual interviews. Participants were people affected by the disaster, mental health workers and school professionals. Content Analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: These families lost material, cultural, heritage, and symbolic assets. They were also forcibly displaced from rural to urban areas. The results showed loss of autonomy, difficulty in adapting to the new territory, reduced social support and suffering with hostility and stigma. In addition, they suffer from delay and waiting for resettlement.Conclusions: Understanding the context is important for building mental health actions in disaster recovery. The study results show vulnerabilities and weaknesses in a post-disaster scenario. Understanding the social and community aspects involved enables mental health interventions based on the demands and capabilities of the population itself.
Effect of the cagW-based gene vaccine on the immunologic properties of BALB/c mouse: an efficient candidate for Helicobacter pylori DNA vaccine
Authors: Chehelgerdi Mohammad , Doosti Abbas
Published: February 2020

Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infect more than half of the world population, and they cause different serious diseases such as gastric carcinomas. This study aims to design a vaccine on the basis of cagW against H. pylori infection. After pcDNA3.1 (+)-cagW-CS-NPs complex is produced, it will be administered into the muscles of healthy BALB/c mice in order to study the effect of this DNA vaccine on the interleukin status of mice, representing its effect on the immune system. After that, the results will be compared with the control groups comprising the administration of cagW-pCDNA3.1 (+) vaccine, the administration of chitosan and the administration of PBS in the muscles of mice.Methods The cagW gene of H. pylori was amplified by employing PCR, whose product was then cloned into the pcDNA3.1 (+) vector, and this cloning was confirmed by PCR and BamHI/EcoRV restriction enzyme digestion. CagW gene DNA vaccine was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (pcDNA3.1 (+)-cagW-CS-NPs) using a complex co-acervation method. The stability and in vitro expression of chitosan nanoparticles were studied by DNase I digestion and transfection, and the immune responses elicited in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice by the pcDNA3.1 (+)-cagW-CS-NPs were evaluated. Apart from that, the protective potential pcDNA3.1 (+)-cagW-CS-NPs was evaluated by challenging with H.pylori.Results The pcDNA3.1 (+)-cagW-CS-NPs comprises cagW gene of H. pylori that is encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles, produced with good morphology, high stability, a mean diameter of 117.7 nm, and a zeta potential of + 5.64 mV. Moreover, it was confirmed that chitosan encapsulation protects the DNA plasmid from DNase I digestion, and the immunofluorescence assay showed that the cagW gene could express in HDF cells and maintain good bioactivity at the same time. In comparison to the mice immunized with the control plasmid, in vivo immunization revealed that mice immunized with pcDNA3.1 (+)-cagW-NPs showed better immune responses and prolonged release of the plasmid DNA.Conclusions This research proves chitosan-DNA nanoparticles as potent immunization candidates against H. pylori infection and paves the way for further developments in novel vaccines encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles.
The effects of maternal SSRI exposure on the serotonin system, prefrontal protein expression and behavioral development in male and female offspring rats
Authors: Chen Mo Xian , Cheng Shu , Lei Lei , Wallis Chloe U , Liu Qiang , Lin Aijin , Zhang Xiaofan , Lukowicz Michael James , Sham Pak C , Li Qi , Ao Lijuan
Published: February 2020

Background Prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), such as fluoxetine (FLX) may increase susceptibility to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, findings from published studies on SSRI and ASD are inconsistent. The use of a rodent model can provide a clear indication as to whether prenatal exposure to SSRIs, independent of maternal psychiatric disorders or genetic syndromes, can cause long-term behavioral and ASD-related neurobiological abnormalities in offspring. Methods FLX or normal saline (NS) was administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (FLX=30, NS=27) on gestation day 11 till birth. The resulting offspring were assessed in terms of their physical development and behavior, and underwent in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( MRS) to quantify biochemical alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Ex vivo measurements of brain serotonin level and a proteomic analysis were also undertaken. Results The offspring (male offspring in particular) of fluoxetine exposed mothers showed delayed physical development, increased anxiety and impaired social interaction. Moreover, down-regulation of 5-HT or SERT expression and up-regulation of TPH levels was observed in the PFC. We also found that prenatal FLX exposure significantly decreased NAA/tCr with 1 H-MRS in the PFC. Finally, a proteomic study revealed sex-dependent differential protein expression. ConclusionsThese findings may have translational importance suggesting that the use of SSRI medication alone in pregnant mothers may result in developmental delay and autistic-like behavior in their offspring. Our results also help to guide the choice of outcome measures in the identification of molecular and developmental mechanisms that may confer vulnerability in ASD.
The Adaptation and Validation of the Satisfaction with Stroke Care Questionnaire (Homesat) (SASC10-MyTM) for use in public primary healthcare facilities caring for long- term stroke survivors residing at home in the community.
Authors: Aziz Aznida Firzah Abdul , Tan Chai-Eng , Ali Mohd Fairuz , Aljunid Syed Mohamed
Published: February 2020

Background Satisfaction with post stroke services would assist stakeholders in addressing gaps in service delivery. Tools used to evaluate satisfaction with stroke care services need to be validated to match healthcare services provided in each country. Studies on satisfaction with post discharge stroke care delivery in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are scarce, despite knowledge that post stroke care delivery is fragmented and poorly coordinated. This study aims to modify and validate the HomeSat subscale of the Dutch Satisfaction with Stroke Care-19 (SASC-19) questionnaire for use in Malaysia and in countries with similar public healthcare services in the region. Methods The HomeSat subscale of the Dutch SASC-19 questionnaire (11 items) underwent back-to-back translation to produce a Malay language version. Content validation was done by Family Medicine Specialists involved in community post-stroke care. Community social support services in the original questionnaire were substituted with equivalent local services to ensure contextual relevance. Internal consistency reliability was determined using Cronbach alpha. Exploratory factor analysis was done to validate the factor structure of the Malay version of the questionnaire (SASC10-My TM ). The SASC10-My TM was then tested on 175 post-stroke patients who were recruited at ten public primary care health centres across Peninsular Malaysia, in a trial-within a trial study. Results One item from the original Dutch SASC19 (HomeSat) was dropped. Internal consistency for remaining 10 items was high (Cronbach alpha 0.830). Exploratory factor analysis showed the SASC10-My TM had 2 factors: discharge transition and social support services after discharge. The mean total score for SASC10-My TM was 10.74 (SD 7.33). Overall, only 18.2% were satisfied with outpatient stroke care services (SASC10-My TM score ≥ 20). Detailed analysis revealed only 10.9% of respondents were satisfied with discharge transition services, while only 40.9% were satisfied with support services after discharge. Conclusions The SASC10-My TM questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool to measure caregiver or patient satisfaction with outpatient stroke care services in the Malaysian healthcare setting. Studies linking discharge protocol patterns and satisfaction with outpatient stroke care services should be conducted to improve care delivery and longer-term outcomes.
Effect of phytoderivatives on the growth of homologous beneficial vaginal lactobacilli (BVL) strains and their compatibility for the design of phytobiotics for the vaginal tract health
Authors: Marchesi Antonella , Salva Jessica , Ficoseco Cecilia Aristimuño , Wiese Birgitt , Nader-Macias Maria Elena Fatima
Published: February 2020

Background: Lactobacilli are the predominant bacteria in the vaginal tract, and while they are present, can prevent infectious situations, being used as probiotics for the health of the tract. Phytoderivatives are used historically to prevent or maintain the health of the tract, and is possible to combine both bioactives for novel vaginal formulas. The aim of this work was to study the effect of phytoderivatives (individual or combined extracts) on the growth of homologous vaginal lactic acid bacteria and their compatibility, to go further in the design of a combined pharmabiotic formula for the prevention or treatment of urogenital tract infections.Methods: the effect of phytocompounds approved by Pharcopoeias was evaluated on the growth of beneficial lactic acid bacteria previously isolated from the vaginal tract. Statistical methods, as CART, were applied to determine the stimulatory or inhibitory effect of the vegetal sources on bacterial growth by applying different methodology. Compatibility between phyto and lactobacilli was determined, and the phenolic compounds contents quantified, to define the optimal conditions for the formula design. Results: The BVL strains showing highest growth values with most of the phytoderivatives under study were L. gasseri CRL 1361, L. ga. CRL 1509 and L. ga. CRL 1263, and L. jensenii CRL 1333 and L. jen. CRL 1317, indicating the behavior is strain-dependent, and vegetable-compound-affected. The most adequate phytoderivatives were: Carica, Centella, Plantago, Uva ursi*, Zarzaparrila*, Cola de caballo, Echinaceae, Ortiga and Palo Azul.Conclusions: The BVL strains showing optimal resistance to the phytocompounds and compatibility with them were L. gasseri CRL 1320, 1307, 1509, L. salivarius CRL 1296 and L. rhamnosus CRL 1332 combined with Uva ursi*, Zarzaparrilla* and Echinaceae that will be used for the design of optimal phytobiotic formulas.
Prediction of maxillary canine width by maxillary and mandibular central incisors by the aid of an equation as a preventive measure
Authors: Kareem Fadil A
Published: February 2020

Background: Mixed dentition analysis is critical for early diagnosis of malocclusion because many malocclusions appear in this period. The aim of the present study is finding out specific prediction equation for estimation of mesio-distal width of maxillary unerupted canine at mixed dentition period depending on the width of upper and lowers central incisors. Materials and methods: Hundred orthodontic patients’ (50 males and 50 females) study casts visited a private clinic in Sulaimani City/Iraq were randomly selected and the largest mesio-distal dimensions of maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary canines were measured by a digital calliper. The age range of patients was 14-24 years according to the inclusion criteria. Correlation and linear regression tests were applied on the collected data to find a prediction equation to estimate the mesio-distal width of maxillary permanent canine at early mixed dentition period relying on mesio-distal width of either mandibular or maxillary permanent central incisor. Results: Correlation coefficients of maxillary and mandibular central incisor were 0.664 and 0.639, respectively. It indicates a moderately strong correlation between the width of maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary canine width. Establishment of valid practical prediction equations, one for maxillary central incisors (1.205+ 0.796 x Maxillary central incisor width) and the other for mandibular central incisors (1.205+ 1.205 x Mandibular central incisor width) with the former one being more reliable than the second one have a significant influence on construction of treatment plan at mixed dentition period. Conclusion: Moderately strong prediction equation is established to the mesio-distal width of maxillary permanent canine prior to their emergence in the oral cavity as an attempt to prevent their impaction or malposition.
Lesionia: a digital data management system for epidemiological and clinical data collected from patients suspected for cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Harigua Emna , Salem Youssef Ben , Hariga Maaoui , Aoun Yusr Saadi Ben , Souguir Hajer , Chouaib Hamed , Mkada Imen , Moussa Zeineb , Fathallah-Mili Akila , Lemrani Meryem , Haddad Nabil , Souiai Oussama , Ali Insaf Bel Hadj , Guizani Ikram
Published: February 2020

Background. Digital systems for data management (DSDM) are considered nowadays of high importance in the field of biomedical sciences. Such systems ensure that data meet the standards of FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability). Our group is interested in implementing a DSDM for data collected from patients suspected of having cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the frame of diagnostics evaluation. The data is collected in multiple sites and countries by different partners in the frame of a project supported by the USAID-NAS PEER program. We capitalized on the thorough clinical and field expertise of some partners to assess needs. Then, we further refined these needs consortium-wide to define the data to be collected by the clinicians and biologists during the data life cycle. This led to the development of a questionnaire form for data collection and the implementation of a web-based application, called Lesionia.Results. Based on the questionnaire, we developed Lesionia, a digital system for the management and the analysis of clinical and epidemiological data. It consists of a relational database and a web-based user interface (WUI). The database was conceived to be expandable to new collaborators and projects. It allows for data handling from the consented patient interview and sample collection to the samples storage and investigation. The WUI permits data entry, fetching, visualization and analysis. Rigorous controls on data entry were implemented to reduce discrepancies. It also offers a set of analysis tools that range from descriptive statistics to variable correlation analysis. Lesionia is accessible in a secure manner to all users of the consortium through a web browser connected to the Internet. Conclusion. Lesionia is a valuable tool for clinical and epidemiological data management. It is an open source software that can broadly serve the scientific community interested in studying, controlling, reporting and diagnosing CL and similar cutaneous diseases.
Leukoencephalopathy and cerebral edema as the presenting manifestations of SLE in an ANA-negative adolescent female: A case report and review of literature.
Authors: Theisen Alexandra , Bose Paroma , Knight Christina , Oliver Melissa
Published: February 2020

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with various clinical manifestations involving multiple organ systems. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, thus it is important to recognize and diagnosis the disease entity and treat early. When neuropsychiatric symptoms are involved, typically there are many other systemic features to aid in the diagnosis of SLE. Many autoantibodies have been discovered and are used to help diagnose SLE. The antibody present in most cases of pediatric SLE, as well as in many other rheumatic diseases, is the nonspecific antinuclear antibody (ANA), making it a commonly used screening tool by primary care physicians when evaluating a patient with a possible rheumatic disorder. However, a small subset of SLE patients, 1-5%, present with a negative ANA, and it is important to keep SLE on the differential diagnosis in specific instances when a thorough infectious and neurological workup has been completed and proven to be inconclusive. Case Presentation: This case involves a Hispanic adolescent female with a negative ANA who presented with diffuse cerebral edema secondary to leukoencephalopathy due to SLE with central nervous system involvement. She had an extensive workup while inpatient involving metabolism, infectious disease, rheumatology, and neurology prior to obtaining the diagnosis of SLE. She was treated with both cyclophosphamide and rituximab and showed improvement. Conclusions: A review of the literature revealed 8 cases with SLE presenting with or developing diffuse cerebral edema and/or leukoencephalopathy. Our patient’s case differs in that she was also ANA negative despite other autoantibody positivity. While she did have low complements and transient leukopenia, she did not present with other signs of organ involvement, which made the diagnosis of SLE with neuropsychiatric involvement quite challenging. We discuss the importance of keeping SLE on the differential despite a negative ANA in complex cases without any other cause and to consider initial screening with not only the ANA but also dsDNA and complements to avoid missed diagnoses.
The effects of low temperature on docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp TIO01 and the underlying mechanism
Authors: Hu Fan , Clevenger April L. , Zheng Peng , Huang Qiongye , Wang Zhaokai
Published: February 2020

Background Schizochytrium are known for their abundant production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Low temperatures can promote the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in many species. In this study, the effects of low temperature on the biosynthesis of DHA in Schizochytrium sp TIO01 and the underlying mechanism was investigated. Results Based on the de novo genome assembly (contig N50=2.86 Mb) and iTRAQ-based protein identification, we first reconstructed the detailed Schizochytrium fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Our findings revealed that desaturases, involved in DHA synthesis via the fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathway, were completely absent. The polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway and the FAS pathway are separately responsible for DHA and saturated fatty acid synthesis in Schizochytrium . Analysis of fatty acid composition profiles indicates that low temperature has a significant impact on the production of DHA in Schizochytrium, increasing the DHA content and overall total fatty acids from 43% to 65%. The increased DHA content, however, was not a result of the expression of the PKS pathway genes. Further gene expression analysis indicated that low temperatures may promote DHA accumulation by the up-regulation of both the pentose phosphate pathway and the branched-chain amino acid degradation pathway (increasing the production of the substrates for polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis: acetyl-CoA and NADPH). In addition, low temerpatures result in a down-regulation of the FAS pathway (reducing the consumption of the substrates for saturated fatty acid synthesis) and malic enzyme, leading to a decreased saturated fatty acid content. Conclusions These findings elucidate the detailed fatty acid synthesis pathway of Schizochytrium, revealing an underlying mechanism by which low temperatures promote the accumulation of DHA in Schizochytrium. The high-quality and nearly complete genome sequence of Schizochytrium provides a valuable reference for further investigation of the regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesisand the evolutionary characteristics in Thraustochytriidae species.
Proximal junction kyphosis in adult scoliosis. best post-operative radiological predictors. Retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Manini Daudi Romani , Zhang Hong-qi , Wang Yu-Xiang , Shega Frank Damas , Du Yuxuan
Published: February 2020

Background: Proximal junction kyphosis is the post-surgical radiographic event seen in the surgical plane after the fusion of spinal deformity. No common agreement on direct postoperative radiographic prognostic criteria for occurrences of proximal junctional kyphosis that justify close monitoring for the patients. The purpose of this study is to assess which immediate post-surgical radiographic variable is best in forecasting the occurrences of proximal junction kyphosis. Methods: Data for adult scoliosis patients who underwent curve correction were extracted from the hospital database. Pelvic and spinal parameters were measured, Fisher exact test was performed for continuous variables and the Chi-square test was used for noncontinuous variables to compare four immediate post-surgical radiographic variables for occurrences of proximal junctional kyphosis. These variables were; Restoration of hypothetical values of lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis according to pelvic incidence, evaluation of global sagittal alignment. Restoration of the apex of lumbar lordosis to its hypothetical position according to the spine shape and evaluation of positive-sum and negative-sum of lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis. Results: The excellent predictor for occurrences of proximal junctional kyphosis was restoration of the apex of lumbar lordosis to its hypothetical position according to the spine shape. The second good predictor for occurrences of proximal junctional kyphosis was evaluation of global sagittal alignment. The Restoration of hypothetical values of lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis according to pelvic incidence and evaluation of positive-sum and negative-sum of lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis were both poor predictors for occurrences of proximal junction kyphosis. Conclusion: Among the four proposed formulae for predicting occurrences of proximal junctional kyphosis, the position of the sagittal apex of lumbar lordosis is an excellent predictor for the development of proximal junctional kyphosis followed by global sagittal alignment. Therefore, during scoliosis deformity correction hypothetical position of the sagittal apex of lumbar lordosis should be used to decide the level of pedicle subtraction osteotomy or a suitable place to put lordotic cages to reduce the risk of the future occurrences of proximal junctional kyphosis.
A new severity scoring system designed for the management of adult spinal tuberculosis—a retrospective case series study
Authors: Wang Qi , Luo Xiaobo , Wang Chi , Hu Wenhao , Li Litao , Hu Fanqi , Wang Yan , Ma Yuanzheng , Zhang Xuesong
Published: February 2020

Background: Surgeons have been successfully handle with spinal tuberculosis via conservative or surgical treatment. However, There are quite few classifications or scoring systems concerning spinal tuberculosis to guide the surgeons to manage the complicated pattern of spinal tuberculosis. The purpose of this study is to design a practical, yet comprehensive, severity scoring system for spinal tuberculosis that helps in clinical decision-making in terms of the need for operative versus non-operative management.Methods: A group of 129 spinal tuberculosis cases (70 male and 59 female patients) successfully treated and followed up for at least 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical spine experts from our institutions were gathered to confirm the information they considered pivotal in the communication of spinal tuberculosis and the clinical decision-making process. Typical spinal tuberculosis patterns were reviewed and reconsidered in view of these essential characteristics. An initial validation process to determine the reliability and validity of this system was also undertaken. Results: A new severity scoring system was designed based on three essential characteristics: 1) the stability of spinal infectious segments determined by imaging appearance, 2) the cause of spinal cord compression and the severity of neurologic deficit, and 3) the efficacy of the anti-tuberculosis drug therapy. A severity score was calculated from these characteristics, which divided patients into surgical and nonsurgical treatment groups. Conclusions: The severity scoring system comprehensively considers features cited in the literature including prediction of spinal stability and kyphosis deformity progression, identification of neurologic compromise and characteristics of mechanical compression of spinal cord. This classification system is intended to facilitate clinical decision-making in the management of adult spinal tuberculosis (from C3 to L5 segments) . The severity scoring system may help to improve the communication among spine surgeons. Further studies are needed to determine the reliability and validity of this system.
Designing and Implementing a VR Mental Wellbeing Experience using Digital Creative Practice.
Authors: Jerdan Shaun , Grindle Mark , Woerden Hugo C Van , Zubala Ania
Published: February 2020

Background An increasing amount of evidence is emerging surrounding virtual reality’s (VR) potential as a clinical and therapeutic tool for mental wellbeing treatment. The design and creation of VR software requires a skillset vastly different to that required to evaluate its effect on mental wellbeing outcomes. In this article we present a VR experience designed to improve mental wellbeing in patients in secondary care. Results The resulting piece of software is a VR intervention that combines nature and mindfulness, allowing patients with diabetes to spend time in a calming environment before regular clinic appointments with diabetes specialist nurses. Some initial insights from patient feedback are provided. Conclusion This piece of research demonstrates that engagement with creative practice allows researchers to identify research problems and find solutions in a creative manner. It illustrates how someone with no prior experience of software design is able to create and implement a VR experience, used in a real-world setting, targeted at improving patient wellbeing. By documenting this process, we hope to encourage more social researchers to create digital tools aimed at tackling health issues and to create a base of knowledge that bridges the gap between the computer and social sciences.
No Correlation between Serum Progranulin Levels and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Chinese People with Type 2 Diabetes and Normal or Mildly Impaired Renal Function
Authors: cheng haiyan , xu lan , bu ruifang , jiang cheng , yao lijun , wu wenjun
Published: February 2020

Background: Progranulin (PGRN), a novel pro-inflammatory adipokine, was reported to be related to the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy(DR). However, recently PGRN was established as a renal function-dependent protein, but no data regarding PGRN and DR excluded the influence of decreased renal elimination. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum PGRN and DR excluding the effect of deteriorating renal function.Methods: 338 subjects with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2 were divided into four groups of normal controls (NC)(n=76), simple diabetes mellitus (SDM)(n=195) , nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)(n=41), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)(n=26). Serum PGRN was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and further analyses of serum PGRN in different groups were conducted. Results: There was no significant difference of serum PGRN between NC, SDM, NPDR, and PDR groups (P>0.05). Serum PGRN in all subjects negatively and significantly correlated with eGFR (r=-0.144, P<0.05), triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index (r=-0.127, P<0.05), and triglyceride (TG) (r=-0.132, P<0.05), while positively and significantly correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (r=0.140, P<0.05). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis indicated only LDL-C (β=1.030, P<0.05) was independently associated with serum PGRN. Conclusions: We demonstrated that serum PGRN levels did not correlate with severity of DR in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes and eGFR ≥ 60ml/min/1.73m2, but positively and independently correlated with LDL-C.
PRIORITIES FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF INTERBUDGETARY TRANSFERS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Sarnetska Yana
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of the distribution of intergovernmental transfers in Ukraine, taking into account fiscal decentralization trends. To perform the delegated functions, local governments need to have sufficient funding. However, the revenues of local budgets are insufficient to cover all necessary expenses. Therefore, inter-budget transfers, which in Ukraine are the main instrument of financial equalization, play an important role in ensuring the implementation of delegated powers by local governments. The aim of the article is determination of the priorities for the distribution of intergovernmental transfers in Ukraine in the context of fiscal decentralization. The research methodology combines quantitative and qualitative methods. Using quantitative methods, the principles of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine are observed through the mechanism of distribution of intergovernmental transfers. Using high-quality methods and based on the analysis, the priorities of the distribution of inter-budget transfers in the context of fiscal decentralization are formulated. An analysis of foreign publications on fiscal decentralization has shown that the uncertainty of priorities in this area reduces the effectiveness of fiscal decentralization and inhibits the economic development of regions. Prioritization of the distribution of intergovernmental transfers is preceded by the definition of principles for the distribution of intergovernmental transfers. Based on the results of a quantitative analysis, namely, the identified dynamics of fiscal decentralization indicators and the impact of the distribution of intergovernmental transfers on economic development, the following priorities for the distribution of intergovernmental transfers in fiscal decentralization are identified: supporting the prevalence of targeted transfers over non-targeted transfers, increasing the share of capital transfers, increasing the accountability of local authorities self-government regarding the use of funds received in the form of intergovernmental budget transfers.
PECULIARITIES OF STATE OF PROTECTION AND AGGRESSION FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
Authors: Oparin Aleksey , Kudriavtsev Anton , Oparin Anatoliy
Published: February 2020

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious problems of the clinical medicine. This is determined by the fact that it is followed by multisystemic affects, as well as complications on the side of other organs and systems, among which a special place is occupied by gastroesophageal reflux disease. As for the combination and mutual influence of diabetes mellitus and gastroesophageal reflux disease, this issue has not been studied yet, the data of modern literature are not complete and quite contradictory.

The aim of the study: to investigate the state of the factors of aggression and protection of the oesophageal mucosa in patients with diabetes mellitus type II with concomitant gastroesophageal reflux disease without associated pathology.

Method. There were two groups of patients under observation. The first group included 45 patients with diabetes mellitus type II with concomitant gastroesophageal reflux disease (26 men and 19 women). The second group included 38 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease without associated pathology – 20 men and 18 women. By sex, age, body weight, Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking and alcohol consumption, both groups were comparable. The surveillance program included determining the compensation ratio of carbohydrate metabolism and the state of the factor. The antioxidant protection factor was assessed by the level of catalase activity in the blood serum, as well as by the diameter of the celiac trunk and the blood flow velocity in it. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out with the aid of the program WINDOWS STATISTIKA 6.0. For all types of analysis, differences were considered statistically significant with p<0.05.

Results. During the study, we found that in patients with diabetes mellitus type II with concomitant gastroesophageal reflux disease, as well as in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease without associated pathology, the level of pH-metry was reduced, but with varying measures of confidence. At the same time, we found that patients with GERD without associated pathology had a decrease in the blood flow velocity in the celiac trunk. Concurrently, we ascertained that the decrease in the blood flow velocity in patients of both groups reduced the diameter of the celiac trunk.

Conclusions. In patients with diabetes mellitus type II, concomitant gastroesophageal reflux disease has a subtle clinical presentation that is affected by a significant decline in mucosal sealing protection factors. In patients with GERD without associated pathology, typical clinical manifestations, accompanied by inflammation, acid regurgitation and dyspepsia, are more vivid.
THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ANTI-FOAMING AND SUPERPLASTICIZING ADMIXTURES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCE FOR PROPERTIES OF SELF-COMPACTING MORTAR AND CONCRETE
Authors: ŁAŹNIEWSKA-PIEKARCZYK Beata
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of anti-foaming admixture type (AFA) and time of its introduction on compatibility with two types of PCP-based superplasticizer, air content, rheological parameters, physical adhesion, mechanical strength, microstructure and air-voids size of self-compacting mortar and concrete (SCC). Results reveal that the air content of plastic self-compacting mortars mixture decreases with the implementation of AFA regardless of the time of its introduction. Antifoaming admixture causes the increase of the mortar’s flow diameter most when it is introduced together with PCP. The plastic viscosity value depends on the type of AFA significantly. AFA admixtures reduce the physical adhesion of self-compacting mortar. Moreover, test results prove that mortars with AFA maintain initial consistency for a longer time in comparison with mortar with SP only. Too big amount of AFA has a negative effect on mechanical properties and microstructure. Proper dosage of the right type of the anti-foaming admixture does not influence negatively compressive strength of mortar or concrete. The research results proved that too high dosage of AFA may cause compressive strength decrease and microcracking of self-compacting mor-tar or concrete, indicated on the basis of SEM research results.
NUMERICAL STUDIES ON THE NATURAL SMOKE VENTING OF ATRIA
Authors: ŻYDEK Karolina , KRÓL Małgorzata
Published: February 2020

The use of numerical fluid mechanics to model smoke flow in buildings where a fire develops is common. It allows to check the effectiveness of ventilation systems at the design stage. It also gives the opportunity to determine the conditions that will be on escape routes. Numerical analyzes of smoke flow in buildings are most often performed using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS).

The paper presents numerical analyzes performed for the atrium building. The purpose of the calculations was to build a numerical model that corresponds to the real object located in the laboratory in Murcia, Spain. The analyzes consisted of fitting a numerical model based on the temperature distribution at selected points of the atrium. The model mapped the geometry of the real building and assumed the same fire power. Calculations showed high temperature compliance throughout the atrium, except for the vicinity of the fire source itself.
Micropropagation of Turkestan Soap Root Allochrusa gypsophiloides – Natural Source of Saponins
Authors: MURSALIYEVA Valentina , IMANBAYEVA Akjunus
Published: February 2020

Allochrusa gypsophiloides or Turkestan soap root (TSR), which is endemic to Central Asia, is a valuable saponin-bearing technical and medicinal plant. The purpose of this study was to develop in vitro mass propagation for the conservation of endangered species. Node explants were induced to regenerate adventitious shoot buds on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and/or kinetin in combination with naphtylacetic acid (NAA). The maximum number of shorter shoots per explant (16.8 ± 3.1) was recorded on MS contained 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA after one month cultivation. For elongation, obtained shoot conglomerates were transfered for hormone-free MS. The cultivation of initial explants on MS with kinetin led to a three-fold reduction in the number of shoots characterized by a maximum length and clearly defined internodes (without the stage of elongation). Micropropagation was achieved by cutting obtained shoots and adventitious shoot induction. The maximal shoot proliferation (62 ± 6.9) on MS 0.5 mg/L BAP + 1.0 mg/L kinetin + 0.5 mg/L NAA was obtained. Shoots of about 0.5 cm required to elongation before rooting on the liquid ½ MS medium contained NAA or IBA. In both cases, auxin concentration 2.0 mg/L induced maximal rooting (58 % and 60 %, respectively) at 20-day’s incubation. Type of auxin was influenced most on root quality (thickness, color, branching) than on their frequency and number.