bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis melalui Pembelajaran Model Reciprocal Teaching
Authors: Muhsin Muhsin
Published: September 2020

Kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa SMP masih rendah, hal ini merupakan salah satu masalah utama dalam pendidikan matematika. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa, salah satu pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan ini adalah pembelajaran model reciprocal teaching. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematis antara siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model reciprocal teaching dan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian pre-test post-test control group design. Populasi adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII MTsN Beureunuen dengan mengambil sampel dua kelas (kelas eksperimen memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model reciprocal teaching dan kelas kontrol memperoleh pembelajaran konvensional) melalui teknik purposive sampling dari lima kelas paralel yang tersedia. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen berupa tes kemampuan penalaran matematis. Untuk melihat adanya perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan siswa antara kelompok eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol digunakan uji-t dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 setelah prasyarat pengujian terpenuhi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model reciprocal teaching lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran konvensional.

Kata kunci: Pembelajaran dengan model reciprocal teaching, kemampuan penalaran matematis
ANALYSIS ON LISTENING EXERCISES IN LOOK AHEAD 2 (ENGLISH COURSE BOOK FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS YEAR XI)
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad
Published: September 2020

The title of this research is â€œAnalysis on Listening Exercises in Look Ahead 2 (English Course Book for Senior High School Students Year XI)â€. The problem of this research can be stated as follow: Are the listening exercises relevance to KTSP curriculum? How the listening exercises in the text book look ahead 2 present items questions?. Its purpose was to find out whether the listening exercise in Look Ahead 2 an English Course for Senior High School Year XI published by Erlangga is relevance with the KTSP curriculum and there are twelve (12) listening exercises which is included in discrete test, 3 listening exercises which is included in communicative test and 1 listening exercises which is included in combination between both. In collecting the data, the writer used in this research is library research, which is a type of study that makes the data library as the theory to study and examine the hypotheses and concepts to obtain to get result that objective. The sample of this research was listening exercise in the text book look ahead 2. Based on the result of this research, the writer found that listening exercise based KTSP curriculum of Senior High School Grade Year XI suitable of competency standard (SK) 2, and basic competency (KD) 2.1 and 2.2. The listening exercise in Look Ahead 2, an English Course for Senior High School Grade Year XI published by Erlangga, show that the higest number of test is discrete test, so it is proper enough in improving of studentâ€™s ability in listening through kind of this test.
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DAN TRANSPARANSI KEBIJAKAN TERHADAP PENGAWASAN ANGGARAN DANA DESA DI KECAMATAN DELIMA KABUPATEN PIDIE
Authors: Ramzijah Maisur
Published: September 2020

This research is aimed to test the effect of the society participation and policy transparency of monitoring of the village fund budget. The variable used in this study is the application of accounting information systems. samples in this study with total of 100. Technique of sampling is applied with random sampling. The analysis method use multiple linear regression. The results of research show that the society participation and policy transparency have significant effect on monitoring of the village fund budget.

Keywords : society participation,policy transparency, monitoring of the village fund budget.
Perempuan dalam Pusaran Fundamentalisme Islam
Authors: Mulia Siti Musdah
Published: September 2020

Perempuan dalam agama apa pun selalu menjadi sasaran diskriminasi dan eksploitasi para penafsir fundamental yang benci pada perempuan (mysogini). Masyarakat Muslim yang mempertahankan fundamentalisme memiliki kecenderungan memanipulasi dan memanfaatkan ajaran Islam untuk melegitimasi kekuasaan patriarki yang merendahkan perempuan. Slogan fundamentalisme untuk kembali memurnikan ajaran Islam selalu bermakna kembali kepada Islam tekstualis dengan karakter ideologis yang statis, ahistoris, sangat eksklusif, dan bias nilai-nilai patriaki. Kembali mendiskriminasikan perempuan seperti pada masa-masa kegelapan Jahiliyah. Bukan kembali ke visi otentik Islam yang cirinya adalah dinamis, kritis, rasional, inklusif, dan memuliakan perempuan. Tulisan ini ingin menegaskan kembali bahwa Islam hadir demi membebaskan manusia (perempuan dan laki-laki) dari semua sistem tiranik, despotik, dan totaliter menuju masyarakat sipil yang berkeadaban (civic and civilized society). Masyarakat dimaksud adalah yang mengamalkan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan universal, seperti keadilan, kejujuran, kebenaran, kemaslahatan, kesetaraan, keindahan dan kebersihan.
DNA Analysis on Oreochromis Niloticus
Authors: Pizzelli Sargis
Published: September 2020

This study aimed at investigating the tilapia fish (Oreochromis Niloticus) DNA. In analyzing Tilapia DNA, DNA extraction was carried out and PCR mixture was used for 20 μL of reaction, making Master Mix such as 1 μL Forward Primer, 1 μL Reverse Primer, 10 μL HotStar Taq Master Mix, 1 μL DNA Sample, 7 μL Nuslease Free Water. Mixing is done by adding the enzyme at the last stage. Then turn on the thermal cycler and set it according to the desired PCR conditions. Electrophoresis is carried out through stages such as Pre-Denaturation, Denaturation, Annealing, Extention, Final extension. The results showed that the virus did not infect tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus). Tilapia sprayed on the gills with various doses showed the same results, namely no detection of KHV in mucus, kidneys, and liver.
Deviant Social Behavior: Cultural perspective, social structure, and society
Authors: Gueirra Mordalgo
Published: September 2020

This article discusses social behavior deviating from the perspective of culture, social structure, and society. Factors Shaping Social Behavior The shape of adolescent social behavior is very much influenced by how he interacts and how the conditions of the environment support and facilitate him well such as the condition of the family environment, school, and the community around him that is conducive or good, it will greatly affect the behavior. can be formed due to internal factors and individual external factors that play a role. The occurrence of cultural tension and social structures can lead to deviant behavior. This happens if, in an effort to achieve a goal a person does not get an opportunity so that he seeks the opportunity himself, deviant behavior occurs. The development of an adolescent's behavior in social life in the community. Sociologically, society, especially adolescents in general, is very vulnerable to external influences. Because of the process of finding their identity, they are easily swayed, still, find it difficult to determine their role model. They are also easily influenced by the lifestyle of the surrounding community. Because their mental condition is still unstable, adolescents are easily affected by environmental conditions so that they have an impact on their personality.
Human Resources: Overview of the Company's reputation from weaknesses, strengths and challenges in a crisis
Authors: Dorji Chencho
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the human resources of the company reputation review of the weaknesses, strengths, and challenges in the crisis. A company that has a good reputation will be more attractive to qualified prospective employees, get free mass media coverage so it doesn't require large advertising costs, and get other benefits that contribute to company profits. Steps are needed to be taken to overcome the crisis by analyzing the crisis in depth, systematically, informatively, and descriptively of the crisis that occurred through a neatly prepared report. HR development is generally more focused on the long-term needs of the organization. The results are indirect and can be measured in the long term.
Origin and Evolution of Gas in Salt Beds of a Potash Mine
Authors: Zimmer Martin , Strauch Bettina , Zirkler Axel , Niedermann Samuel , Vieth-Hillebrand Andrea
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In order to better understand both the fixation and
migration of gases in evaporites, investigations were performed in five
horizontal boreholes drilled in an underground potash seam. One of the five
boreholes was pressurised with Ar and the pressure signal and chemical gas
composition were then monitored in the other holes. A further gas sample
from a separate borehole was characterised for the chemical composition and
for noble gas and carbon isotopic compositions to conclude on the origin and
evolution of the gas in the salt rocks. Additionally, in order to determine
the total gas amount in the salt rocks, a potash-bearing salt sample was
dissolved in water and from the mass of 1 kg salt sample,
9 cm(STP)3 gas was liberated.
Due to the relatively large permeability of the disturbed salt rocks
(4×10-17 to 4×10-18 m2), which is about 3–4 orders
of magnitude higher than in undisturbed salt rocks, we assume that the
migration of injected Ar most likely takes place along micro-cracks produced during the mining process. The geogenic gas concentrations found in the
observation holes correlate directly to the Ar concentration, suggesting
that they were stripped from the rocks in between the holes.
According to the He-isotopes (0.092 Ra), a small contribution of mantle gas can be found in the geogenic salt gas. The δ13CCO2-isotopic composition (−7.8 ‰ to 6.7 ‰) indicates a magmatic source, whereas
13C∕12C of CH4 (−22.2 ‰ to −21.3 ‰)
is typical for a thermogenic gas. We assume that
CO2 and CH4 are related to volcanic activity, where they
isotopically equilibrated at temperatures of 513
to 519 ∘C about 15–16 Ma ago.
Comparability of calibration strategies for measuring mercury concentrations in gas emission sources and the atmosphere
Authors: de Krom Iris , Bavius Wijnand , Ziel Ruben , McGhee Elizabeth A. , Brown Richard J. C. , Živković Igor , Gačnik Jan , Fajon Vesna , Kotnik Jože , Horvat Milena , Ent Hugo
Published: September 2020

Abstract. A primary mercury gas standard was developed at VSL to establish an SI-traceable reference point for mercury concentrations at emission and background levels in the atmosphere. The majority of mercury concentration measurements are currently made traceable to the empirically determined vapour pressure of mercury. The primary mercury gas standard can be used for the accurate and precise calibration of analytical systems used for measuring mercury concentrations in air. It has been especially developed to support measurements related to ambient air monitoring (1 ng m−3–2 ng m−3), indoor and workplace related mercury concentration levels according to health standards (from 50 ng m−3 upwards) as well as to stationary source emissions (from 1 µg m−3 upwards). The primary mercury gas standard is based on diffusion according to ISO 6154-8. Calibration gas mixtures are obtained by combining calibrated mass flows of nitrogen and air through a generator holding diffusion cells, containing elemental mercury. In this paper, we present the results of comparisons between the primary standard and mercury calibration methods maintained by NPL, a National Metrology Institute (NMI), and JSI, a Designated Institute (DI). The calibration methods currently used at NPL and JSI are based on the bell-jar calibration apparatus in combination with the Dumarey equation or a NIST reference material. For the comparisons, mercury was sampled on sorbent traps to obtain transfer standards with levels between 2 ng and 1000 ng with an expanded uncertainty not exceeding 3 % (k = 2). The comparisons performed show that the results for the primary standard and the NIST reference material are comparable, whereas a difference of −8 % exists between results traceable to the primary standard and the Dumarey equation.
Seasonal dependence of the Earth's radiation belt: new insight
Authors: Hajra Rajkumar
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Long-term variations of the relativistic (~ MeV) electrons in the Earth's radiation belt are explored to study seasonal features of the electrons. An L-shell dependence of the seasonal variations of the electrons is revealed for the first time. A clear ~ 6-month periodicity is identified for 1.5–6.0 MeV electron fluxes in the L-shells between ~ 3.0 and ~ 5.0, representing two peaks per year. The two-peak variation is strong during solar cycle descending to minimum phases, with weaker/no variations during solar maximum. The peaks are largely asymmetric in amplitude. These are not essentially equinoctial: sometimes the peaks are shifted to solstices and sometimes one annual peak is only observed. No such seasonal features are prominent for L  5.0. The results imply varying solar/interplanetary drivers of the radiation belt electrons at different L-shells. This has a potential impact on the modeling of space environment. Plausible solar drivers are discussed.
Cryptic roles of tetrathionate in the sulfur cycle of marine sediments: microbial drivers and indicators
Authors: Mandal Subhrangshu , Bhattacharya Sabyasachi , Roy Chayan , Rameez Moidu Jameela , Sarkar Jagannath , Mapder Tarunendu , Fernandes Svetlana , Peketi Aditya , Mazumdar Aninda , Ghosh Wriddhiman
Published: September 2020

Abstract. To explore the potential role of tetrathionate in the sedimentary sulfur
cycle, population ecology of microorganisms capable of metabolizing this
polythionate was revealed at 15–30 cm resolution along two, ∼3 m long, cores collected from 530 and 580 m below the sea level, off
India's west coast, within the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the Arabian Sea.
Metagenome analysis along the cores revealed widespread occurrence of genes
involved in the formation, oxidation, and reduction of tetrathionate; high
diversity and relative abundance were also detected for bacteria that are
known to render these metabolisms in vitro. Results of slurry culture of the
sediment samples in thiosulfate- or tetrathionate-containing microbial
growth media, data obtained via pure-culture isolation, and finally
metatranscriptome analyses corroborated the in situ functionality of the
tetrathionate-forming, tetrathionate-oxidizing, and tetrathionate-reducing microorganisms. Ion
chromatography of pore waters revealed the presence of up to 11.1 µM
thiosulfate in the two cores, whereas tetrathionate remained undetected in
spectroscopic assay based on its reaction with cyanide. While thiosulfate
oxidation by chemolithotrophic bacteria prevalent in situ is the apparent source of
tetrathionate in this ecosystem, high biochemical and geochemical reactivity
of this polythionate could be instrumental in its cryptic status in the
sulfur cycle. Potential abiotic origin of tetrathionate in the
sediment horizon explored could neither be ruled out nor confirmed from the
geochemical information available. On the other hand, tetrathionate
potentially present in the system can be either oxidized to sulfate or
reduced back to thiosulfate/sulfide via chemolithotrophic oxidation and
respiration by native bacterial populations, respectively. Up to 2.01 mM
sulfide present in the sediment cores may also reduce tetrathionate
abiotically to thiosulfate and elemental sulfur. However, in the absence of
measured data for O2 or other oxyanions having possibilities of serving
as electron acceptors, the biogeochemical modalities of the oxidative half
of the tetrathionate cycle remained unresolved.
Timing of exotic, far-traveled boulder emplacement and paleo-outburst flooding in the central Himalayas
Authors: Huber Marius L. , Lupker Maarten , Gallen Sean F. , Christl Marcus , Gajurel Ananta P.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Large boulders, ca. 10 m in diameter or more, commonly
linger in Himalayan river channels. In many cases, their lithology is
consistent with source areas located more than 10 km upstream, suggesting
long transport distances. The mechanisms and timing of “exotic” boulder
emplacement are poorly constrained, but their presence hints at processes
that are relevant for landscape evolution and geohazard assessments in
mountainous regions. We surveyed river reaches of the Trishuli and Sunkoshi,
two trans-Himalayan rivers in central Nepal, to improve our understanding of the
processes responsible for exotic boulder transport and the timing of
emplacement. Boulder size and channel hydraulic geometry were used to
constrain paleo-flood discharge assuming turbulent, Newtonian fluid flow
conditions, and boulder exposure ages were determined using cosmogenic
nuclide exposure dating. Modeled discharges required for boulder transport
of ca. 103 to 105 m3 s−1 exceed typical monsoonal floods in
these river reaches. Exposure ages range between ca. 1.5 and 13.5 ka with a clustering of ages around 4.5 and 5.5 ka in both studied valleys.
This later period is coeval with a broader weakening of the Indian summer
monsoon and glacial retreat after the Early Holocene Climatic Optimum
(EHCO), suggesting glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) as a possible cause
for boulder transport. We, therefore, propose that exceptional outburst
events in the central Himalayan range could be modulated by climate and
occur in the wake of transitions to drier climates leading to glacier
retreat rather than during wetter periods. Furthermore, the old ages and
prolonged preservation of these large boulders in or near the active
channels shows that these infrequent events have long-lasting consequences
on valley bottoms and channel morphology. Overall, this study sheds light on
the possible coupling between large and infrequent events and bedrock incision
patterns in Himalayan rivers with broader implications for landscape
evolution.
A mass- and energy-conserving framework for using machine learning to speed computations: a photochemistry example
Authors: Sturm Patrick Obin , Wexler Anthony S.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Large air quality models and large climate models simulate the
physical and chemical properties of the ocean, land surface, and/or
atmosphere to predict atmospheric composition, energy balance and the
future of our planet. All of these models employ some form of operator
splitting, also called the method of fractional steps, in their structure,
which enables each physical or chemical process to be simulated in a
separate operator or module within the overall model. In this structure,
each of the modules calculates property changes for a fixed period of time;
that is, property values are passed into the module, which calculates how
they change for a period of time and then returns the new property values,
all in round-robin between the various modules of the model. Some of these
modules require the vast majority of the computer resources consumed by the
entire model, so increasing their computational efficiency can either improve
the model's computational performance, enable more realistic physical or
chemical representations in the module, or a combination of these two.
Recent efforts have attempted to replace these modules with ones that use
machine learning tools to memorize the input–output relationships of the
most time-consuming modules. One shortcoming of some of the original modules
and their machine-learned replacements is lack of adherence to conservation
principles that are essential to model performance. In this work, we derive
a mathematical framework for machine-learned replacements that conserves
properties – say mass, atoms, or energy – to machine precision. This framework
can be used to develop machine-learned operator replacements in
environmental models.
A Wavelet-Based Approach to Streamflow Event Identification and Modeled Timing Error Evaluation
Authors: Towler Erin , McCreight James L.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Streamflow timing errors (in the units of time) are rarely explicitly evaluated, but are useful for model evaluation and development. Wavelet-based approaches have been shown to reliably quantify timing errors in streamflow simulations, but have not been applied in a systematic way that is suitable for model evaluation. This paper provides a step-by-step methodology that objectively identifies events, and then estimates timing errors for those events, in a way that can be applied to large-sample, high-resolution predictions. Step 1 applies the wavelet transform to the observations, and uses statistical significance to identify observed events. Step 2 utilizes the cross-wavelet transform to calculate the timing errors for the events identified in Step 1. The approach also includes a quantification of the confidence in the timing error estimates. The methodology is illustrated using real and simulated stream discharge data from several locations to highlight key method features. The method groups event timing errors by dominant timescales, which can be used to identify the potential processes contributing to the timing errors and the associated model development needs. For instance, timing errors that are associated with the diurnal melt cycle are identified. The method is also useful for documenting and evaluating model performance in terms of defined standards. This is illustrated by showing version-over-version performance of the National Water Model (NWM) in terms of timing errors.
How much snow falls in the world's mountains? A first look at mountain snowfall estimates in A-train observations and reanalyses
Authors: Daloz Anne Sophie , Mateling Marian , L'Ecuyer Tristan , Kulie Mark , Wood Norm B. , Durand Mikael , Wrzesien Melissa , Stjern Camilla W. , Dimri Ashok P.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. CloudSat estimates that 1773 km3 of snow falls, on average, each year
over the world's mountains. This amounts to 5 % of the global
snowfall accumulations. This study synthetizes mountain snowfall estimates
over the four continents containing mountains (Eurasia, North America, South
America and Africa), comparing snowfall estimates from a new satellite cloud-radar-based dataset to those from four widely used reanalyses: Modern-Era
Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), MERRA-2,
Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), and European Center for Medium-Range
Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim). Globally, the fraction of snow
that falls in the world's mountains is very similar between all these
independent datasets (4 %–5 %), providing confidence in this estimate. The
fraction of snow that falls in the mountains compared to the continent as a
whole is also very similar between the different datasets. However, the
total of snow that falls globally and over each continent – the critical
factor governing freshwater availability in these regions – varies widely
between datasets. The consensus in fractions and the dissimilarities in
magnitude could indicate that large-scale forcings may be similar in the
five datasets, while local orographic enhancements at smaller scales may not
be captured. This may have significant implications for our ability to
diagnose regional trends in snowfall and its impacts on snowpack in
rapidly evolving alpine environments.
Brief communication: Time step dependence (and fixes) in Stokes simulations of calving ice shelves
Authors: Berg Brandon , Bassis Jeremy
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The buoyancy boundary condition applied to floating portions of ice sheets and glaciers in Stokes models requires special consideration when the glacier rapidly departs from hydrostatic equilibrium. This boundary condition can manifest in velocity fields that are unphysically (and strongly) dependent on time step size, thereby contaminating diagnostic stress fields. This can be especially problematic for models of calving glaciers, where rapid changes in geometry cause configurations that suddenly depart from hydrostatic equilibrium and lead to inaccurate estimates of the stress field. Here we show that the unphysical behavior can be cured with minimal computational cost by reintroducing a regularization that corresponds to the acceleration term in the stress balance. This regularization provides consistent velocity solutions for all time step sizes.
Hydrology and runoff routing of glacierized drainage basins in the Kongsfjord area, northwest Svalbard
Authors: Pramanik Ankit , Kohler Jack , Lindbäck Katrin , How Penelope , Van Pelt Ward , Liston Glen , Schuler Thomas V.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Freshwater discharge from tidewater glaciers modulates fjord circulation and impacts fjord ecosystems. There can be significant delays between meltwater production at the glacier surface, and discharge into the fjord. Here, we present a hydrological analysis of the tidewater glaciers around Kongsfjorden, northwest of Svalbard, examining the pathways of glacier surface melt to the glacier fronts. To simulate discharge hydrographs at the outlets of the major drainage basins in the Kongsfjord area we use 1) a simple, heuristic routing model and 2) the physically-based model HydroFlow to route runoff derived from a coupled surface energy balance – snow model. Plume observations at one of the tidewater glacier outlets and measurements of proglacial discharge of a land-terminating glacier are used for model calibration. Our analysis suggests that the local subglacial topography diverts a substantial amount of water from the drainage area of the glacier Kongsbreen to the neighboring glacier Kronebreen, across the border of their surface catchments. This is supported by the relative sizes of the plumes observed at the respective glacier fronts. Runoff from the glaciers on the south side of the fjord is one order magnitude lower than runoff from the glaciers on the east and north sides of the fjord, reflecting differences in the size of the glaciers. We derive discharge hydrographs at all the major outlets of Kongsfjord basin, presenting here a detailed analysis of two of the glacierized basins. The average annual discharge period from the tidewater glaciers due to surface runoff was 105 ± 10 days. The largest discharge comes from Kronebreen, which is equivalent to around 40 % of the total freshwater flux to the fjord.
Modelling steady states and the transient response of debris-covered
glaciers
Authors: Ferguson James , Vieli Andreas
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Debris-covered glaciers are commonly found in alpine landscapes of high relief and play an increasingly important role in a warming climate. As a result of the insulating effect of supraglacial debris, their response to changes in climate is less direct and their dynamic behaviour more complex than for debris-free glaciers. Due to a lack of observations, here we use numerical modelling to explore the dynamic interactions between debris cover and glacier evolution over centennial timescales. The main goal of this study is to understand the effects of debris cover on the glacier's transient response. To do so, we use a numerical model that couples ice flow, debris transport and its insulating effect on surface mass balance and thereby captures dynamic feedbacks that affect the volume and length evolution. In a second step we incorporate the effects of cryokarst features such as ice cliffs and supraglacial ponds on the dynamical behaviour. Our modelling indicates that thick debris cover delays both the volume response and especially the length response to a warming climate signal. Including debris dynamics therefore results in glaciers with extended debris-covered tongues and that tend to advance or stagnate in length in response to a fluctuating climate and hence remember the cold periods more than the warm. However, when including even a relatively small amount of melt enhancing cryokarst features in the model, the length is more responsive to periods of warming and results in substantial mass loss and thinning on debris covered tongues, as is also observed in remote sensing.
The Treatment of Adjectives in Tourism Websites: A Comparative Study of the Jordanian, European and Asian Official Tourism Websites
Authors: Al-Issawi Juhaina Maen
Published: September 2020

This study aims at examining how the lexical choice of a given discourse is determined by different factors such as the type of the discourse, the content and the medium of the message, and the ideological perspectives of the tourism persuader. More specifically, the study focuses on selecting adjectives in the Jordanian tourism official websites compared to European and Asian counterparts. The finding of the study shows that adjective lexical selection, together with their collocational behavior plays a crucial role in the tourism promotional discourse. The lexical choice of adjectives is also semantically restricted in that only limited meanings of the adjectives in the discourse are used. Accordingly, the vocabulary of the Jordanian tourism websites is characterized by the co-presence of two main types of adjectives: the descriptive adjectives, describing details about the targeted destination; and evaluative adjectives, conveying positive attitudes.
Influencia de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la gestión interna de las empresas asesoradas por el Centro de Desarrollo de la Micro y Pequeña Empresa de Santa Ana
Authors: Sayes Carlos Edmundo , Cerritos Magaña Vidal Enrique
Published: September 2020

El estudio se centró en el empleo de la tecnología dentro de la gestión interna de las empresas, comprobando cuáles se están utilizando para la promoción y venta de los productos y/o servicios. Se identificó la utilización de la tecnología, así como las limitaciones experimentadas, el plan para la adopción y su seguimiento. Se describe el nivel de influencia que están teniendo las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en la gestión interna de las empresas asesoradas por el Centro de Desarrollo de Micro y Pequeñas Empresas en la Universidad Católica de El Salvador, sede Santa Ana. Con base en los resultados, se proponen medidas que podrían tomar los empresarios para optimizar el uso de los recursos tecnológicos.
Subjective/ Behavioural Factors Influence the PSI 20 and IBEX 35
Authors: Costa Stefan Abrantes , Reis Pedro Manuel Nogueira , Pinto Antonio Pedro Soares
Published: September 2020

This study assesses the impact of investor sentiment on the volatility of the PSI 20 and IBEX 35 from time series data from January 1988 to May 2019. The impact of investor sentiment on market and portfolio selection has aroused great interest in the literature, however the results obtained are not consensual, considering the different methodologies used to build sentiment indices, as well as the various levels of institutional development in the market.Asymmetric volatility behaviours according to good or bad news were evaluated using the TGARCH model. The results indicate that there is an asymmetric effect of good versus bad news on the volatility of IBEX 35. It was also noted that for Portugal and Spain investor sentiment presents statistical significance with a negative sign, suggesting that market volatility is more sensitive to negative shocks in the conditional variance. In Portugal, contrary to Spain, sentiment has no relevance on return. The study reveals that investor sentiment is a key factor in selecting investment in the market. The relationship that this establishes with volatility, can help to implement policies that allow to minimize future shocks’ impact on return. The study reveals for the first time that investor sentiment is a key factor in selecting investment in the market for Portugal.
seasonal variation for chemical constituents of Artemisia sieversiana
Authors: S Nurbek , T Murata , B Buyankhishig , B Davaapurev , Ts Byambajav , J Batkhuu
Published: September 2020

A chemical investigation of Artemisia sieversiana, one of the Mongolian wild pasture forage plants led to the isolation and identification of 15 compounds. We revealed that lignan type compounds dominantly contained in spring samples and lignans, terpenoids, flavonoids in summer samples, terpenoids, flavnoids, chlorogenic acid derivatives in autumn sample. Six of them lignans (1-6), three chlorogenic acid derivatives (7-9), and six flavonoids (10-15) were isolated from A. sieversiana.

Сиверсийн шарилжны химийн найрлагын хөдлөл зүйн судалгаа

Бид Монгол орны малын тэжээлийн ургамалын нэг болох Сиверсийн шарилжны химийн найрлгын хөдлөлзүйн судалгааг явуулж хавар, зун, намрын дээжнээс 15 бодис цэврээр ялгаж, бодисын молекулын бүтэц байгууламжийг тогтоов. Уг ургамлын хаврын дээжинд лигнаны төрлийн бодисууд, зуны дээжинд лигнан, терпенойд, флавнойдууд, намрын дээжинд терпенойд, флавонойд, хлорогений хүчлийн уламжлалт нэгдлүүд зонхилж байгааг тогтоолоо. Дээрхи 15 бодисын зургаа нь лигнаны төрлийн бодис(1-6), 3 нь хлорогений хүчлийн уламжлалт нэгдлүүд(7-9), 6 нь флавоноид нэгдлүүд (1015) байв.

Түлхүүр үг: Сиверсийн шарилж, лигнан, флавонойд, хлорогений хүчил
Accounting for „color certificatesˮ and CO2 emission rights in the light of the practice of selected energy companies in Poland
Authors: Mazurowska Marta
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the legal regulations and practice of presenting energy certifi-
cates and CO2 emission allowances by the largest energy companies operating in Poland. The starting point for solving the research problem was to present the nature of the indicated instruments also from an accounting perspective. Similarities can be noticed in terms of both the intention to create these instru-
ments and how they function, despite their dependence on completely separate legal regulations. The following analysis of the financial statements prepared both according to Polish Accounting Law and IFRS showed a lack of a unified approach to identifying and presenting the discussed components in the financial statements. According to the author, this is primarily due to the extremely complicated way the instruments operate analyzed from the point of view of financial and accounting staff. The considerations have been supplemented with the author's recommendations related to the need for common solutions in the form of National Accounting Standards guidelines created in close cooperation with enterprises and organizations related to the energy industry.
THE CURRENT STATE, CHANGE TRENDS AND CROSS RELATIONSHIP OF NPK MINERAL FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION AND CEREAL YIELD
FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Matyka Mariusz
Published: September 2020

Cereal grains have been a primary source of nourishment for humans for thousands of years. Agronomic inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, water and modern seeds have a major impact on the level of cereal crops. However, yield, to a greater extent, depends on the dose of applied NPK mineral fertilization. The aim of the article is to determine the consumption level of NPK mineral fertilizers and cereal yield and their tendency to change over time, taking correlation into account. Analysis was performed on a global level. The material for analysis was statistical data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations database for the years 2002-2017. As a result of the conducted analyzes, it was confirmed that mineral fertilization is the main factor of production that determines the food security of the world’s growing human population. However, the consumption of this factor of production is greatly varied in the world. It should also be emphasized that, both on a global scale and for most continents, there are clear trends reflecting a correlation in the increase in the use of NPK mineral fertilizers, including nitrogen fertilizers, and cereal yield level.
INVESTMENTS IN WATER MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
Authors: Adamska Hanna , Kropsz-Wydra Irena
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation of environmental investments in rural areas and prepare a ranking of voivodships. Detailed studies covered Polish rural areas according to voivodship division and were focused on environmental investments related to water management: the sewage network, water supply systems, collective and individual sewage treatment plants, water treatment plants and flood embankments. The research period covered the years 2010-2019. The research uses indicators characterizing investments in water management. The method of zero unitarization was used, which allowed to compare the values of the adopted indicators and establish a synthetic indicator determining a ranking of voivodships according to the implementation of environmental investments. Research shows that more than half of all expenditure are investments related to the sewage and water supply network. The exceptions are the Łódzkie and Podkarpackie voivodships, where greater expenditure is incurred on collective treatment plants than on the water supply network. The values of the synthetic index make it possible to determine the regions where the most and least environmental investments were implemented. The highest values of the synthetic index are found in the Mazowieckie, Wielkopolskie and Małopolskie voivodships. The lowest values of the indicator are recorded for the Opolskie, Podlaskie, Świętokrzyskie and Śląskie voivodships, where the least environmental investments were implemented.
HEAT PUMPS VERSUS BIOMASS BOILERS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HEATING COSTS FOR PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Authors: Gradziuk Barbara , Gradziuk Piotr
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of heating costs of heat pumps and biomass-fired boilers. The study was carried out in the communes of Ruda-Huta (Chełm County) and Dębowa Kłoda (Parczewski County). The subject of the study were school complexes in which the heating system was changed from heating oil to ground heat pumps and a boiler house, working on fine coal, replaced by a biomass-fired boiler-house. The Levelised Cost of Heat (LCOH) method was used to assess heating costs in both facilities. In Poland, according to data for 2018, the basic carrier of renewable energy used in heating was biomass (90.5%), where the share of heat pumps was only 0.4%. The study shows that such proportions, at least in the public utility buildings heating sector, are not economically justified. Average heating costs, estimated using the LCOH method, turned out to be over 20% higher in the case of biomass than in the case of heat pumps. The attractiveness of this technology in heating is evidenced by the development of this market in Europe. Similar trends are also taking place in the world market. Due to the fact that electricity is most often used to generate this type of heat, the development of this sector will highly depend on the relation between its prices and prices of other energy carriers.
O PROCESSO DE ENFERMAGEM APLICADO AO PACIENTE COM FISSURA DE LÁBIO E/OU PALATO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Silva Junior Argemiro Alves da , Almeida Caroline Brandão Pires de
Published: September 2020

Cleft lip and palate are considered the most frequently studied facial changes in recent decades, due to their high incidence. The aim of this study was to identify the application of the nursing process applied to patients with cleft lip and/or palate, described in the literature. It is an integrative review of a qualitative approach focused on the search for results for evidence-based practice. From the combination of the descriptors, 38 productions were located. After applying the established criteria, the final sample consisted of seven articles. the implementation of a care protocol for patients with cleft, in different institutional contexts, and the results found in this review may also inspire the realization of future studies that demonstrate the impact that nursing care has on the rehabilitation of these patients.
Mercado Virtual móvel para estimulação cognitiva
Authors: Medeiros Carlos A. P. , Vasconcelos Luiz P. B. , Costa Rosa M. E. M.
Published: September 2020

Em virtude do número elevado de pessoas com deficiências cognitivas e o aumento da dispersão de dispositivos móveis na sociedade, desenvolveu-se um ambiente de um supermercado virtual, que propõe uma série de desafios, com diferentes níveis de dificuldades e objetivos. Ao final de cada desafio, estatísticas são exibidas, mostrando a pontuação que o usuário conquistou naquela fase. O objetivo principal do sistema é estimular funções cognitivas, trabalhando a memória, raciocínio e tomada de decisões. O sistema foi avaliado por profissionais das áreas tecnológicas e da saúde e obteve resultados positivos, que estimulam a realização de avaliações com usuários finais como próxima etapa de pesquisa.
Arcabouço para Classificação, Recuperação por Conteúdo e Radiômica de Imagens Médicas: uma investigação de biomarcadores quantitativos para o câncer de pulmão
Authors: Ferreira Junior José Raniery , Santos Marcel Koenigkam , Azevedo-Marques Paulo Mazzoncini
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho tentou diminuir as limitações de característica (representação numérica ineficiente das imagens) e de desempenho (qualidade baixa de integração) que sistemas de suporte a decisões clínicas podem apresentar. Alguns conjuntos de imagens foram produzidos para a pesquisa. Modelos semiautomáticos de reconhecimento de padrões, recuperação por conteúdo, classificação e avaliação prognóstica foram desenvolvidos para compor um arcabouço de análise de imagens médicas. O arcabouço mostrou potencial de integração com sistemas de informação em saúde e identificou diversos biomarcadores. Por fim, esta tese contribuiu para a identificação de uma assinatura radiômica do câncer de pulmão para a estratificação de risco do paciente.
GTACG: Um arcabouço computacional focado em genômica comparativa de bactérias de um mesmo ramo evolutivo
Authors: Santiago Caio R. N. , Digiampietri Luciano A. , Moreira Leandro M.
Published: September 2020

Neste trabalho é apresentado o GTACG: um arcabouço computacional para genômica comparativa com foco em uma usabilidade facilitada e destinada a pesquisas para identificação de características genéticas únicas em subgrupos de genomas de bactérias que possuem um determinado fenótipo em comum. Os resultados foram validados com dois estudos de caso envolvendo um conjunto com 161 genomas da família Xanthomonadaceae, no qual foram encontradas 19 famílias proteicas ortólogas exclusivas aos genomas associados a plantas e 45 genomas de Streptococcus pyogenes, no qual foram encontrados 15 famílias de proteínas ortólogas que servem como marcadores filogenéticos para a proteína emm.
Desempenho de ferramentas genotípicas e stacking na predição de tropismo do subtipo C do HIV-1
Authors: Soares Rita C. M. , Raposo Letícia M.
Published: September 2020

Diversas ferramentas desenvolvidas para classificar o tropismo do HIV-1 foram projetadas com base em cepas do subtipo B e, portanto, podem não apresentar desempenhos satisfatórios para outros subtipos. O presente estudo avaliou o desempenho de algoritmos genotípicos na predição do tropismo do HIV-1 subtipo C e aplicou a técnica de stacking a fim de buscar um modelo com melhor desempenho. A Regra de Raymond apresentou melhor desempenho geral, porém o Geno2Pheno 0,20 teve maior sensibilidade. O modelo proposto apresentou desempenho igual ao Geno2Pheno 0,10, com sensibilidade e especificidade maiores que 90%. A técnica de stacking pode ser útil para melhorar a predição do tropismo sem novos testes.
Peripheral Immune Response Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hazy Amanda , Kowalski Elizabeth , Groot Nathalie , Theus Michelle
Published: September 2020

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a leading contributor to long-term neurological damage. Though TBI is a leading cause of death and neurological damage worldwide, there exists no therapeutic treatments to alleviate deleterious secondary injury due to neuroinflammation. The continuum of pro- and anti-inflammatory response elicited by TBI is suggested to play a key role in the outcome of TBI; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. This chapter explores rodent models of injury used to study the disease pathology of TBI, as well as the major contributions of the peripheral immune response following injury. Further, this chapter discusses the influence of individual immune cell types on neuroinflammation following TBI, focusing on peripheral monocyte/macrophages, their polarization state, and the current literature surrounding their behavior within the TBI milieu. Finally, cell-to-cell contact regulators that effect peripheral-induced neuroinflammation and may serve as novel targets for therapeutics will be highlighted.
Agrippan Problems
Authors: Dunphy Robb ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: September 2020

In this article I consider Sextus’ account of the Five Modes and of the Two Modes in his Outlines of Pyrrhonism. I suggest that from these we can derive the basic form of a number of different problems which I refer to as “Agrippan problems,” where this category includes both the epistemic regress problem and the problem of the criterion. Finally, I suggest that there is a distinctive Agrippan problem present at the beginning of Hegel’s Science of Logic.
Development of Communication and Speech Skills of Students in the Process of Education
Authors: Naviy Liza , Zhussupbekova Gulsara G. , Stukalenko Nina M. , Zhakhina Bariya B. , Baimanova Lazzat S. , Kukubaeva Asiya K.
Published: September 2020

The article aims to study and diagnose school students with disabilities' levels of communication and speech skills development. Communication technologies in the process of forming communicative competence will contribute to the successful implementation of correctional work, if necessary, an individual or adapted educational program for students with disabilities. During the conduction of the study, the authors used the following types of methods: analysis, synthesis, modelling, observation, survey - statistical method analysis of the data allowed to differentiate levels of communication and speech skills development. The authors revealed the most effective forms and methods of work at the literature levels. The scientific-methodical and practical aspects of the application of communication technologies for the development of school students with disabilities' speech activities were generalized. In modern education, it has been substantiated that communication technologies are used as a means of communication skills formation and as a means of activation of the students' cognitive work. Based on the theoretical analysis of the investigated problem and the experimental work results, the authors have formulated the generalizing positions. It was concluded that the solution to the investigation of the school students with disabilities' speech activities development problem is possible at smart scientific and methodological use of communication technologies.