bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and functional neural correlates of spatial navigation: a combined voxel‐based morphometry and functional connectivity study
Authors: Hao Xin , Huang Yi , Li Xueting , Song Yiying , Kong Xiangzhen , Wang Xu , Yang Zetian , Zhen Zonglei , Liu Jia
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Navigation is a fundamental and multidimensional cognitive function that individuals rely on to move around the environment. In this study, we investigated the neural basis of human spatial navigation ability.

Methods

A large cohort of participants (N > 200) was examined on their navigation ability behaviorally and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were then used to explore the corresponding neural basis of spatial navigation.

Results

The gray matter volume (GMV) of the bilateral parahippocampus (PHG), retrosplenial complex (RSC), entorhinal cortex (EC), hippocampus (HPC), and thalamus (THAL) was correlated with the participants’ self‐reported navigational ability in general, and their sense of direction in particular. Further fMRI studies showed that the PHG, RSC, and EC selectively responded to visually presented scenes, whereas the HPC and THAL showed no selectivity, suggesting a functional division of labor among these regions in spatial navigation. The resting‐state functional connectivity analysis further revealed a hierarchical neural network for navigation constituted by these regions, which can be further categorized into three relatively independent components (i.e., scene recognition component, cognitive map component, and the component of heading direction for locomotion, respectively).

Conclusions

Our study combined multi‐modality imaging data to illustrate that multiple brain regions may work collaboratively to extract, integrate, store, and orientate spatial information to guide navigation behaviors.
Application of flow cytometry for monitoring the production of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) by Halomonas boliviensis
Authors: García‐Torreiro María , López‐Abelairas María , Lu‐Chau Thelmo A. , Lema Juan M.
Published: October 2016

In this study, a flow cytometry (FC) protocol was implemented to measure poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) content in a halophilic bacterium, to have a faster and easier control of the process. The halophilic bacterium Halomonas boliviensis was stained with BODIPY 493/503 and analyzed using FC. Bacterial polymer accumulation induced by two different nutrient limitations during the operation of a 2 L bioreactor was studied using traditional gas chromatography (GC) analysis and FC. The application of this rapid and straightforward method is useful to obtain complex and precise information about PHB accumulation that could be used for the monitoring, control and optimization of the production of PHB. A clear correlation between the PHB concentration determined by GC and the fluorescence signal obtained from stained bacteria by using FC was observed. Additionally, the heterogeneity of bacterial population as a function of PHB content was measured. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:276–284, 2017
Recovery of functionally‐active protein from inclusion bodies using a thermal‐cycling method
Authors: Sadavarte Rahul , Filipe Carlos D. M. , Ghosh Raja
Published: October 2016

Heterologous overexpression of genes in Escherichia coli has made it possible to obtain high titers of recombinant proteins. However, this can result in the formation of aggregated protein particles known as ‘inclusion bodies’. Protein sequestered as inclusion body is inactive and needs to be converted back to its functional form by refolding using appropriate techniques. In the current study inclusion bodies of the enzyme aminoglycoside nucleotidyl transferase (or ANT(2″)‐Ia) were first solubilized in urea and subsequently subjected to thermal cycling under controlled conditions as part of the refolding strategy. Thermal cycling led to disaggregation of the individual protein chains and simultaneously refolding the released protein molecules to their native state. The optimum condition was identified as 10–80°C thermal cycling at 3°C s−1 for 2 h. Enzyme activity measurements showed that thermal cycling under optimized conditions resulted in 257% activity recovery when compared with nonrefolded protein. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:133–139, 2017
Bioprocess development workflow: Transferable physiological knowledge instead of technological correlations
Authors: Reichelt Wieland N. , Haas Florian , Sagmeister Patrick , Herwig Christoph
Published: October 2016

Microbial bioprocesses need to be designed to be transferable from lab scale to production scale as well as between setups. Although substantial effort is invested to control technological parameters, usually the only true constant parameter is the actual producer of the product: the cell. Hence, instead of solely controlling technological process parameters, the focus should be increasingly laid on physiological parameters. This contribution aims at illustrating a workflow of data life cycle management with special focus on physiology. Information processing condenses the data into physiological variables, while information mining condenses the variables further into physiological descriptors. This basis facilitates data analysis for a physiological explanation for observed phenomena in productivity. Targeting transferability, we demonstrate this workflow using an industrially relevant Escherichia coli process for recombinant protein production and substantiate the following three points: (1) The postinduction phase is independent in terms of productivity and physiology from the preinduction variables specific growth rate and biomass at induction. (2) The specific substrate uptake rate during induction phase was found to significantly impact the maximum specific product titer. (3) The time point of maximum specific titer can be predicted by an easy accessible physiological variable: while the maximum specific titers were reached at different time points (19.8 ± 7.6 h), those maxima were reached all within a very narrow window of cumulatively consumed substrate dSn (3.1 ± 0.3 g/g). Concluding, this contribution provides a workflow on how to gain a physiological view on the process and illustrates potential benefits. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:261–270, 2017
Vacuum drying of cyclohexane from solvent‐extracted oil sands gangue
Authors: Renaud Richard , Pal Krupal , Weiß Tobias , Choi Phillip , Liu Qi , Gray Murray R.
Published: October 2016

Solvent‐based extraction has the potential to give higher bitumen recovery from mined oil sands without further accumulation of tailings ponds. A crucial aspect of this technology is the recovery of solvent from the solid waste stream, or gangue. Experiments were performed on gangue after cyclohexane extraction from high‐ and low‐grade oil sand ores to determine the effects of drying temperatures from 25 to 105 °C and pressures from 30 to 95 kPa. Increasing temperature and decreasing pressure both increased the mass flux of evaporating cyclohexane. The maximum mass flux of cyclohexane correlated strongly with cyclohexane vapour pressure at the oven temperature. The total time required to reach a target residual cyclohexane concentration of 250 mg/kg followed a power law relationship with both temperature and pressure, ranging from 300 to 9000 s depending on oven temperature and pressure. Evaporation of solvent was slower from the gangue from low‐grade ore, with a total completion time 3.2 ± 0.9 (n = 33) times longer compared to gangue from high‐grade ore at the same temperature and pressure. The higher water and fines contents of the gangue from low‐grade ore likely contributed to this result.
Prediction of Cu(II) biosorption performances on wild mushrooms Lactarius piperatus using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model
Authors: Indolean Cerasella , Măicăneanu Andrada , Cristea Vasile‐Mircea
Published: October 2016

This work investigates the possible usage of edible mushrooms as support for metabolic quantities of copper. Biosorption potential of natural and biodegradable matrix formed from wild Lactarius piperatus mushrooms, in suspension (LP) and alginate immobilized based beads (LPAB), was explored. The effects of biomass quantity, Cu(II) concentration, and temperature were assessed. LPAB showed better adsorption capacity (7.67 mg/g) by comparison to LP biosorbent (6.43 mg/g). Also, biosorption efficiencies up to 76 and 99 % for LP and LPAB (for the same quantity of biomass, 2 g), respectively, were obtained. Furthermore, a multilayer feed forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed in order to predict the biosorption efficiency. The trained ANNs, for LP and LAPB biosorbents, showed good correlation (R = 0.998) between the predicted and experimental biosorption efficiency, associated to reduced mean relative errors and demonstrated that the ANN has a good generalization potential. 1–2 g of Lactarius piperatus mushroom, as powder or in alginate‐based beads containing Cu(II), could be used as a dietary supplement in order to supply the daily copper demand of the organism.
Differences in treatment goals and perception of symptom burden between patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and hematologists/oncologists in the United States: Findings from the MPN Landmark survey
Authors: Mesa Ruben A. , Miller Carole B. , Thyne Maureen , Mangan James , Goldberger Sara , Fazal Salman , Ma Xiaomei , Wilson Wendy , Paranagama Dilan C. , Dubinski David G. , Naim Ahmad , Parasuraman Shreekant , Boyle John , Mascarenhas John O.
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

This analysis of the myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) Landmark survey evaluated gaps between patient perceptions of their disease management and physician self‐reported practices.

METHODS

The survey included 813 patient respondents who had MPNs (myelofibrosis [MF], polycythemia vera [PV], or essential thrombocythemia [ET]) and 457 hematologist/oncologist respondents who treated patients with these conditions.

RESULTS

Greater proportions of physician respondents reported using prognostic risk classifications (MF, 83%; PV, 59%; ET, 77%) compared with patient recollections (MF, 54%; PV, 17%; ET, 31%). Most physician respondents reported that their typical symptom assessments included asking patients about the most important symptoms or a full list of symptoms, whereas many patient respondents reported less specific assessments (eg, they were asked how they were feeling). Many patient respondents did not recognize common symptoms as MPN‐related. For example, approximately one‐half or more did not believe difficulty sleeping resulted from their MPN (MF, 49%; PV, 64%; ET, 76%). Physician respondents underestimated the proportion of patients who had symptomatic PV or ET at diagnosis compared with patient respondents. There was discordance regarding treatment goals: among patient respondents with MF or PV, “slow/delay progression of condition” was the most important treatment goal, whereas physician respondents reported “symptom improvement” and “prevention of vascular/thrombotic events,” respectively. Finally, more than one‐third of patient respondents were not “very satisfied” with their physician's overall management/communication.

CONCLUSIONS

The care and satisfaction of patients with MPN may be improved with increased patient education and improved patient‐physician communication. Cancer 2017;123:449–458. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Community disassembly in ephemeral ecosystems
Authors: O'Neill Brian J.
Published: October 2016

Community disassembly is the non‐random process of progressive species declines and losses. This process is usually studied to determine how various forces extirpate species, such as catastrophic disturbance, species invasions, habitat fragmentation, or unnatural/anthropogenic stressors. However, in ephemeral ecosystems, community disassembly is a natural and repeatable process. While many ephemeral ecosystems are aquatic (vernal pools, playa lakes, rock pools, saline lakes, phytotelmata, etc.), some disassembly patterns are applicable to other ecosystem types, including terrestrial ecosystems. As ephemeral waterbodies near the end of their hydroperiod, certain aspects fundamentally change. These fundamental changes or mechanisms cause visible patterns of community disassembly. Decreasing habitat size eliminates microhabitats and increases encounter rates between organisms, possibly increasing predation and competition. A harshening habitat eliminates low‐tolerance species, changes the proportions of specialists/generalists, and forces organisms to acclimate, emigrate, or die. Additionally, ultraviolet light affects more of the water column, eliminating unprotected species. Furthermore, the entire metacommunity is often in similar stages of disassembly and collapses. Many of these mechanisms drive disassembly of terrestrial ephemeral habitats, such as animal carcasses, dung pads, or fungal fruiting bodies. Organisms obligate to ephemeral habitats have evolved to optimize their life history for a rapid life cycle with specific adaptations for themselves or their offspring to survive through the inactive period of the ecosystem. While some disassembly may occur too fast for biotic interactions or compensatory dynamics to be important, organisms undergoing natural disassembly should “expect” it. Thus, predictions of disassembly based on internal or biotic patterns may be more common in natural disassembly scenarios than in human‐induced disassembly of permanent ecosystems. Additionally, natural community disassembly should be more predictable and understandable than a permanent community's reaction to a never‐before‐seen anthropogenic disturbance. Community disassembly is an important ecological component of ephemeral ecosystems. The processes that occur during disassembly shape assemblages over ecologically and evolutionary relevant timescales. Understanding how natural disassembly can feed back to ultimately drive ecosystem structure and function increases our knowledge of fundamental ecology and provides for a new frontier of study.
Preparation and Spectroscopic Studies of FC(O)SSCl
Authors: Cozzarín Melina V. , Tong Shengrui , Ge Mao‐Fa , Della Védova Carlos O. , Romano Rosana M.
Published: October 2016

The hitherto unknown FC(O)SSCl molecule has been prepared by the reaction of ClC(O)SSCl with TlF under vacuum conditions. The molecule was characterized by its electron‐impact mass spectrum, the IR spectrum of a vapour‐phase sample, the Raman spectrum of the liquid, and also the matrix‐isolated FTIR spectra. FC(O)SSCl is composed of an equilibrium mixture of two conformers,syn‐gaucheandanti‐gauche, both in the vapour and liquid phases, with an approximate ratio of 80:20. The valence electronic properties of FC(O)SSCl were studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. The first ionization potential was observed at 10.14 eV, and the HOMO was assigned to the nonbonding electron lone pair located on the S atom bonded to the carbonyl group. A decrease in the dihedral angle of the S–S bond after ionization was predicted by quantum chemical calculations.
Global proteomic analysis of lysine acetylation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos
Authors: Kwon Oh Kwang , Kim Sunjoo , Lee Sangkyu
Published: October 2016

Lysine acetylation is an important post‐translational modification (PTM). Since the development of MS‐based proteomics technology, important roles of lysine acetylation beyond histones have focused on chromatin remodeling during the cell cycle and regulation of nuclear transport, metabolism, and translation. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a widely used vertebrate model in genetics and biologic studies. Although studies in several mammalian species have been performed, the mechanism of lysine acetylation inD. rerioembryos is incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the global acetylome inD. rerioembryos by using an MS‐based proteomics approach. We identified 351 acetylated peptides and 377 nonredundant acetylation sites on 189 lysine‐acetylated proteins in 5‐day postfertilization (hpf) embryos ofD. rerio. Among lysine‐acetylated peptides, 40.2% indicated three motifs: (ac)KxxxK, (ac)KxxxxK, and Lx(ac)K. Of 190 acetylated proteins, 81 (42.6%) were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. Gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses showed that lysine acetylation inD. reriowas enriched in metabolic pathways. Additionally, 17 of 30 acetylated ribosomal proteins were evolutionarily conserved between zebrafish and humans. Our results indicate that acetyllysine might have regulatory effects on ribosomal proteins involved in protein biosynthesis.
Frugal energy innovations for developing countries – a framework
Authors: Numminen Sini , Lund Peter D.
Published: October 2016

Frugal innovations have recently emerged to feature low‐cost technologies and business innovations to serve consumers in emerging markets and improve their quality of life. Although the concept of frugality is well known, the present literature on frugal energy innovations, or energy frugality, is scarce, which could lead to overlooking its true characteristics. Therefore, we propose a framework for defining energy frugality based on a detailed analysis of several low‐cost sustainable energy technologies. The five‐criteria assessment method developed will help to identify potential frugal energy innovations and will increase the adoption of these technologies through better matching to local needs. Fuel‐efficient biomass cooking stoves, small‐scale photovoltaic systems, and pico‐grids are examples of such frugal energy technologies.
Three‐dimensional direct cell bioprinting for tissue engineering
Authors: Ozler Saime Burce , Bakirci Ezgi , Kucukgul Can , Koc Bahattin
Published: October 2016

Bioprinting is a relatively new technology where living cells with or without biomaterials are printed layer‐by‐layer in order to create three‐dimensional (3D) living structures. In this article, novel bioprinting methodologies are developed to fabricate 3D biological structures directly from computer models using live multicellular aggregates. Multicellular aggregates made out of at least two cell types from fibroblast, endothelial and smooth muscle cells are prepared and optimized. A novel bioprinting approach is proposed in order to continuously extrude cylindrical multicellular aggregates through the bioprinter's glass microcapillaries. The multicellular aggregates are first aspirated into a capillary and then compressed to form a continuous cylindrical multicellular bioink. To overcome surface tension‐driven droplet formation, the required compression ratio is calculated. Based on the developed bioprinting strategies, multicellular aggregates and their support structures are bioprinted to form 3D tissue constructs with predefined shapes. The effect of the bioprinting process was examined for fusion, cell viability at different compression ratios, and f‐actin cytoskeletal organization. The results show that the bioprinted 3D constructs fuse rapidly and have high cell viability after printing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2530–2544, 2017.
Substitutional limit of gadolinium inβ‐tricalcium phosphate and its magnetic resonance imaging characteristics
Authors: Meenambal Rugmani , Poojar Pavan , Geethanath Sairam , Kannan S.
Published: October 2016

To compensate the limitations of bone tissue magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a series of gadolinium (Gd3+) substitutedβ‐Tricalcium phosphate [β‐TCP,β‐Ca3(PO4)2] were developed. All the powders were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, Rietveld refinement of the XRD data and the studies confirmed the Gd3+occupancy at Ca2+(1), Ca2+(2) and Ca2+(3) lattice sites ofβ‐Ca3(PO4)2.HR‐TEM analysis revealed the spherical nature of particles with diameter about 100 nm. The Gd3+dopedβ‐Ca3(PO4)2exhibited non‐toxic behaviour to MG‐63 cellsin vitroand the room temperature magnetic field versus magnetization measurements confirmed its paramagnetic behaviour. MRI analysis revelas that it shorten bothT1andT2proton relaxation times, thus influencing bothr1andr2relaxivity values that reach 61.97 mM−1s−1and 73.35 mM−1s−1. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2545–2552, 2017.
Morphology evolution and excellent visible‐light photocatalytic activity of BiOBr hollow microspheres
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Geng Lei , Guo Yihang , Guo Yingna
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

BiOBr is considered a competitive candidate TiO2‐alternative visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst owing to the unique layered structure and suitable band gap. In order to improve the inherent photocatalytic activity of BiOBr further, BiOBr hollow microspheres were prepared by a solvothermal system of Bi(NO3)3/CTAB/2‐methoxyethanol/PVP, and their visible‐light photocatalytic performance was evaluated by the degradation of colorless p‐nitrophenol (PNP) and bisphenol A (BPA).

RESULTS

BiOBr hollow microspheres exhibited superior visible‐light photocatalytic activity to their solid spherical or flowerlike counterparts in the decomposition of aqueous PNP and BPA as well as Degussa P25 TiO2. Superoxide radicals and photogenerated holes were confirmed to be responsible for the complete oxidization of the target pollutants. Additionally, BiOBr hollow microspheres can be reused five times without obvious activity loss.

CONCLUSIONS

Formation of BiOBr hollow microspheres followed oriented attachment and inside‐out Ostwald ripening growth as well as the synergetic effect between 2‐methoxyethanol and PVP, and the excellent photocatalytic activity of BiOBr hollow microspheres is due to the improved light‐harvesting efficiency, larger BET surface area, increased contact between the active species and target pollutants, shortened mass transfer and diffusion distance as well as fast interfacial charge carrier separation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Radiosynthesis of novel pitavastatin derivative ([18F]PTV‐F1) as a tracer for hepatic OATP using a one‐pot synthetic procedure
Authors: Kimura Hiroyuki , Yagi Yusuke , Arimitsu Kenji , Maeda Kazuya , Ikejiri Kazuaki , Takano Jun‐ichi , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Kagawa Shinya , Ono Masahiro , Sugiyama Yuichi , Saji Hideo
Published: October 2016

Pitavastatin is an antihyperlipidemic agent, a potent inhibitor of 3‐hydroxymethyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase, which is selectively taken up into the liver mainly via hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1). OATP1B1 can accept a variety of organic anions, and previous reports indicated that it is responsible for the hepatic clearance of several clinically used anionic drugs. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics and the hepatic distribution of pitavastatin provide an insight into the function of OATP1B1 in humans. For the development of the in vivo evaluation of OATP1B1 function by positron emission tomography imaging, we designed a novel [18F]pitavastatin derivative ([18F]PTV‐F1), in which a [18F]fluoroethoxy group is substituted for the [18F]fluoro group of [18F]pitavastatin, with the aim of convenient radiolabeling protocol and high radiochemical yield. In vitro studies suggested that transport activities of PTV‐F1 mediated by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 were very similar to those of pitavastatin and PTV‐F1 was metabolically stable in human liver microsomes. In the radiosynthesis of [18F]PTV‐F1 from the tosylate precursor, nucleophilic fluorination and subsequent deprotection were performed using a one‐pot procedure. [18F]PTV‐F1 was obtained with a radiochemical yield of 45% ± 3% (n = 3), and the operating time for the radiosynthesis of [18F]PTV‐F1 is very short (30 minutes) compared with [18F]pitavastatin.
Measurement of fat content in vertebral marrow using a modified dixon sequence to differentiate benign from malignant processes
Authors: Yoo Hye Jin , Hong Sung Hwan , Kim Dong Hyun , Choi Ja‐Young , Chae Hee Dong , Jeong Bo Mi , Ahn Joong Mo , Kang Heung Sik
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To determine whether fat‐signal‐fraction (FF) map using a modified Dixon sequence could help differentiate benign from malignant bone lesions.

Materials and Methods

Spine magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 120 consecutive patients were studied by using a 3T MRI with standard T1‐weighted image (T1WI) and modified‐Dixon sequence for FF measurement. There were three groups: a control group (n = 51) with normal vertebrae; a benign group (n = 40) with focal red marrow deposition, Schmorl's nodes, benign compression fracture, or Modic type 1 endplate degeneration; a malignant group (n = 29) with spinal malignancies. The following three parameters were measured on T1WI and FF map by two radiologists independently: T1 signal intensity (SI), FF and T1 SI of normal disc (SI). Then, Lesion‐to‐disc ratio (LDR = SI of the lesion/SId) and FF ratio of lesion and normal marrow were calculated. The mean values of the parameters were compared among the groups and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed. Then a logistic regression was performed.

Results

The FF (2.8%) and FF ratio (0.082) of malignancy were lower than benign lesions (P < 0.001). There was no difference in the LDR between malignancy and Schmorl's nodes (P = 0.795) or a benign compression fracture (P = 0.866). The areas under the ROC curves of FF and FF ratio were 93% and 87%, respectively, which were higher than those of the other parameters used for differentiation (P < 0.001). In logistic regression analyses, FF remained a significant variable that could be used to independently differentiate benign from malignant lesions, with an odds ratio of 1.9 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The FF and FF ratio obtained from FF maps using modified‐Dixon sequence could be used to distinguish between benign and malignant causes of focal bone marrow abnormalities when difficulty in the qualitative interpretation of conventional MR images arises.

Level of Evidence: 3

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1534–1544
The Relationship Between Retention and College Counseling for High‐Risk Students
Authors: Bishop Kyle K.
Published: October 2016

The author used an archival study to explore the relationship between college counseling and retention. The cohort for this study was a college's 2006 class of full‐time, 1st‐year students (N = 429). The results of chi‐square analyses and regression analyses indicated (a) a significant difference in retention between high‐risk and low‐risk students who used counseling services (CS) and (b) that a student's risk for dropout did not vary significantly over time based on risk level or CS use.
Attachment, Well‐Being, and College Senior Concerns About the Transition Out of College
Authors: Lane Joel A.
Published: October 2016

This study examined the relationships among attachment, psychological well‐being (PWB), life satisfaction, and concerns about the transition out of college among a sample of college seniors. A path analysis was conducted predicting that PWB and life satisfaction would mediate the relationships between attachment and 3 types of graduation transition concerns: career, change and loss, and support. Significant mediation effects affecting career concerns and change and loss concerns were discovered. Implications for college counseling are discussed.
Of Human Bondage: The Relevance of Hegel's Dialectic of Desire and Recognition for Humanistic Counselors
Authors: GIVENS JOEL , NUMBERS MEGAN
Published: October 2016

The authors propose Hegel's () dialectic of desire and recognition as an integrative model for humanistic counselors. Following a review of relevant literature, the authors address desire, recognition, the master–slave relationship, and alienation in a contemporary context. Implications for the counseling relationship, case conceptualization, practice, and research are considered.
Glass slides functionalized by 1‐carboxyethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride for the determination of triazine herbicides in rice using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Xinpei , Wei Shigang , Sun Ying , Sun Qun , Liang Li , Zhang Bo , Piao Huilan , Song Daqian , Wang Xinghua
Published: October 2016

A novel and simple supported ionic‐liquid‐based solid‐phase extraction method for the determination of triazine herbicides in rice was developed. Glass slides were functionalized by an ionic liquid, 1‐carboxyethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, and were used for the simultaneous extraction of seven triazine herbicides in rice samples. The effects of the type of extraction solvent, the extraction time, the type and volume of loading solvent, and the type of eluting solvent on the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum operation conditions, the limits of detection for seven triazine herbicides in rice samples obtained by high‐performance liquid chromatography were 3.16–5.42 ng/g, which were lower than the maximum residue levels established by various organizations. The linear correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9975 in the concentration range of 0.015–1.08 μg/g for the seven triazine herbicides. The recoveries of the seven triazine herbicides at the two concentration levels of 0.15 and 0.45 μg/g are between 82.47 and 104.21%, with relative standard deviations of 0.69–9.19%. The intra‐ and inter‐day (n = 5) precisions for all triazine herbicides at the spiked level of 0.30 μg/g were 1.72–11.71%.
Community Unemployment and Disaster‐Related Stressors Shape Risk for Posttraumatic Stress in the Longer‐Term Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy*
Authors: Lowe Sarah R. , Sampson Laura , Gruebner Oliver , Galea Sandro
Published: October 2016

Persons living in communities with limited resources are at heightened risk of posttraumatic stress (PTS) after disasters, especially if they were highly exposed. The support deterrence desistence model and the conservation of resources theory suggest that this risk might increase in the longer‐term aftermath of disasters. In the present study, we aimed to test this hypothesis. Two population‐based samples of New York City residents in communities affected by Hurricane Sandy were surveyed at either 13–16 months (Time 1; n = 421) or 25–28 months (Time 2; n = 420) postdisaster. Participants reported on their exposure to disaster‐related stressors and PTS. The percentage of residents who were unemployed in participants’ census tracts was collected from the 2008–2012 American Community Survey. Multilevel models found that disaster‐related stressors were more strongly associated with PTS for participants living in communities with high unemployment, but only at Time 2 (Est. = .58, SE = .21, p = .006). Mapping of community unemployment and disaster‐related stressors suggested that communities in southern Brooklyn and Queens, and northeastern Staten Island were at particularly high risk for PTS at Time 2. The results suggest the need for ongoing support to economically disadvantaged communities in which residents have endured disaster‐related stressors.
Short‐term Impacts on Soil‐quality Assessment in Alternative Land Uses of Traditional Paddy Fields in Southern Brazil
Authors: Martins Amanda Posselt , Denardin Luiz Gustavo de Oliveira , Borin José Bernardo Moraes , Carlos Filipe Selau , Barros Thiago , Ozório Dânia Vieira Branco , Carmona Felipe de Campos , Anghinoni Ibanor , Camargo Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira , Carvalho Paulo César de Faccio
Published: October 2016

No‐till, crop diversity and integrated crop–livestock systems are proposed managements to increase agriculture sustainability in the rice paddies of the Southern Brazilian lowlands and avoid degradation in the region. Because soil is considered a key medium in which management modifications can be measured, our study aimed to evaluate soil‐quality impacts by measuring carbon and nitrogen stocks and microbial activity 18 months after the adoption of different paddy‐farming systems in an Albaqualf soil of Southern Brazil. The treatments consisted of five paddy‐farming systems with a range of vegetation diversity (both in time and in space) and grazing seasons. In addition, a reference area (i.e. native forest) was sampled for comparison. We verified that soil quality was affected over the short term through the adoption of no‐till, crop diversity and integrated grazing practices. However, during the study period, only the system with low anthropic and/or mechanical intervention and high plant diversity differed from the traditional paddy land‐use approach in Brazil in terms of soil‐quality effects. This system achieved a carbon management index of 49 (approximately half that of the native forest) and had the highest enzymatic activity (similar to native forest). These outcomes were primarily due to an increase in the particulate organic matter fraction of the soil carbon stock (4·6 Mg ha−1 more than in rice monocropping). To evaluate changes in soil quality over the long term, additional studies are required. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global well posedness of 3D‐NSE in Fourier–Lei–Lin spaces
Authors: Jlali Lotfi
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we prove a global well posedness of the three‐dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equation under an initial data, which belong to the non‐homogeneous Fourier–Lei–Lin space
for σ⩾ − 1 and if the norm of the initial data in the Lei–Lin space
is controlled by the viscosity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review of psychosocial outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma
Authors: Dunn Jeff , Watson Maggie , Aitken Joanne F. , Hyde Melissa K.
Published: October 2016

Background

New advanced melanoma therapies are associated with improved survival; however, quality of survivorship, particularly psychosocial outcomes, for patients overall and those treated with newer therapies is unclear.

Objective

Synthesize qualitative and quantitative evidence about psychosocial outcomes for advanced (stage III/IV) melanoma patients.

Methods

Five databases were searched (01/01/1980 to 31/01/2016). Inclusion criteria were as follows: advanced melanoma patients or sub‐group analysis; assessed psychosocial outcomes; and English language.

Results

Fifty‐two studies met review criteria (4 qualitative, 48 quantitative). Trials comprise mostly medical not psychosocial interventions, with psychosocial outcomes assessed within broader quality of life measures. Patients receiving chemotherapy or IFN‐alpha showed decreased emotional and social function and increased distress. Five trials of newer therapies appeared to show improvements in emotional and social function. Descriptive studies suggest that patients with advanced, versus localized disease, had decreased emotional and social function and increased distress. Contributors to distress were largely unexplored, and no clear framework described coping/adjustment trajectories. Patients with advanced versus localized disease had more supportive care needs, particularly amount, quality, and timing of melanoma‐related information, communication with and emotional support from clinicians. Limitations included: lack of theoretical underpinnings guiding study design; inconsistent measurement approaches; small sample sizes; non‐representative sampling; and cross‐sectional design.

Conclusions

Quality trial evidence is needed to clarify the impact of treatment innovations for advanced melanoma on patients' psychosocial well‐being. Survivorship research and subsequent translation of that knowledge into programs and services currently lags behind gains in the medical treatment of advanced melanoma, a troubling circumstance that requires immediate and focused attention.
Large‐scale wind and precipitation extremes in the Mediterranean: dynamical aspects of five selected cyclone events
Authors: Raveh‐Rubin Shira , Wernli Heini
Published: October 2016

Cyclones impacting the densely populated Mediterranean region have been a continuous research focus, mainly for investigating either the associated heavy precipitation or the damaging wind gusts. In this study we examine five Mediterranean cyclones with combined large‐scale impact of strong 10 m gusts and heavy precipitation. The selected events occurred in (i) December 2003 in the northeastern Mediterranean; (ii) October 2007 in the central Mediterranean; (iii) January 2009, known as storm ‘Klaus’, in the western Mediterranean; (iv) December 2010 in the eastern Mediterranean; and (v) October 2011 in the central‐northern Mediterranean. European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalyses and 7 km resolution regional model simulations (COSMO) are analysed for each event. A Lagrangian viewpoint is employed to focus on interacting mechanisms that contribute to the joint impact on different spatial and temporal scales. In all cases, widespread strong wind gusts occur in the southwestern parts of the cyclone, while the precipitation field has localized peaks, with variable distribution in the central, southern, eastern and northern parts of the cyclone. Convective precipitation, significant in the cases in 2007, 2010 and 2011, is limited to the southern areas. In all cases, non‐convective precipitation is associated with ascent in a warm conveyor belt. Intense gusts are found within unstable air, below a low tropopause in a region with strong vertical wind shear, favouring downward momentum flux by turbulent mixing. Strongly descending dry intrusions are located coherently to the south and west of strong gusts. Much variability exists with regard to the emergence of convection, where strong winds and convective precipitation co‐occur: In the 2007 case, the dry intrusion is central in producing shallow convection in the cold frontal region. In the 2010 and 2011 cases, convective activity at high topography and in coastal regions leads to co‐location of both types of impact.
Tandem mass spectrometry of novel ether‐linked phospholipid analogs of anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipids
Authors: Fickes Rachel , Voelker Dennis R. , Berry Karin Zemski , Murphy Robert C.
Published: October 2016

Rationale

Structural analogs of the bioactive lipid 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoglycerol were synthesized with a xylitol polar head group and both diacyl and diether radyl groups. Mass spectral characterization of xylitol phospholipids (PX) was carried out using collisional activation and high‐resolution mass measurements of positive molecular ion species and compared with the phosphatidylglycerol (PG) analogs.

Methods

PX were synthesized using a transphosphatidylation reaction catalyzed by phospholipase D and purified by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Compounds were subjected to electrospray ionization and collision‐induced dissociation (CID) was performed using a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer to generate positive and negative molecular ions. Diether phospholipids were additionally analyzed by high‐resolution mass spectrometry as protonated and sodiated molecular species in positive ion mode.

Results

Ester‐linked PX analogs behaved similarly to PG after collisional activation of [M − H]−. The product ions formed by CID of the diether PG and PX negative ions only revealed information about the head group with no information about the aliphatic chains. In contrast, CID of protonated and sodiated diether phospholipid positive ions revealed reactions corresponding to cleavage of the ether chain, likely occurring by charge‐driven reaction mechanisms.

Conclusions

Novel PX analogs with diacyl and diether radyl substituents of the glycerol backbone were characterized by tandem mass spectrometry. These unique diether phospholipid analogs enabled exploration of ether cleavage reactions of the positive molecular ion species resulting from collision‐induced decomposition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear robust state feedback control system design for nonlinear uncertain systems
Authors: Rehman Obaid Ur , Petersen Ian R. , Pota Hemanshu
Published: October 2016

This paper presents a systematic approach to the design of a nonlinear robust dynamic state feedback controller for nonlinear uncertain systems using copies of the plant nonlinearities. The technique is based on the use of integral quadratic constraints and minimax linear quadratic regulator control, and uses a structured uncertainty representation. The approach combines a linear state feedback guaranteed cost controller and copies of the plant nonlinearities to form a robust nonlinear controller with a novel control architecture. A nonlinear state feedback controller is designed for a synchronous machine using the proposed method. The design provides improved stability and transient response in the presence of uncertainty and nonlinearity in the system and also provides a guaranteed bound on the cost function. An automatic voltage regulator to track reference terminal voltage is also provided by a state feedback equivalent robust nonlinear proportional integral controller. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategies for Sustainable Development: Organizational Motivations, Stakeholders' Expectations and Sustainability Agendas
Authors: Pinelli Michele , Maiolini Riccardo
Published: October 2016

Society's expectations of business are mounting and stakeholders are asking organizations to become more mindful of their interests. Companies are responding by becoming more involved in the resolution of social–environmental challenges. Their sustainability agendas, however, are often claimed to be ineffective and to lack strategic thinking. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the factors that determine the scope and features of these agendas. Specifically, we investigate organizational objectives (the starting point of any strategy) and the posture towards mounting – and sometimes conflicting – expectations. We find that pessimistic judgments about sustainability agenda effectiveness may have been too hasty from both a micro‐level and a macro‐level standpoint. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Do board chairs matter? The influence of board chairs on firm performance
Authors: Withers Michael C. , Fitza Markus A.
Published: October 2016

Research summary: We use a variance decomposition methodology to assess the degree to which board chairs may influence their companies' performance. To isolate the board chair effect, we focus on firms in which the CEO and board chair positions are separated. Using a U.S. sample of 6,290 firm‐year observations representing 1,828 board chairs in 308 different industries, our results indicate that the board chair effect is substantial at about nine percent. Drawing on resource dependency theory, we also theorize and show how this board chair effect is contingent on the task environment in which firms operate. Our results add to the literature examining the role and influence of board chairs and the context in which chairs may have a greater impact on performance.

Managerial summary: Following institutional and regulatory changes, more firms are separating the CEO and board chair positions. With an increasing number of individuals separate from the CEO serving as board chairs, a critical question becomes: What influence do these separate board chairs have on firm performance? Prior research suggests that separate board chairs can provide important resources—including advice and counsel, legitimacy, information linkages, and preferential access to external commitments and support—to their CEOs, other top managers, and overall firms. In turn, who the board chair is and the individual's ability (or lack thereof) to provide these resources may have a significant impact on firm performance. Offering support for this perspective, we find that separate board chairs explain nine percent of the variance in firm performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate spatio‐temporal survey fusion with application to the American Community Survey and Local Area Unemployment Statistics
Authors: Bradley Jonathan R. , Holan Scott H. , Wikle Christopher K.
Published: October 2016

There are often multiple surveys available that estimate and report related demographic variables of interest that are referenced over space and/or time. Not all surveys produce the same information, and thus, combining these surveys typically leads to higher quality estimates. That is, not every survey has the same level of precision nor do they always provide estimates of the same variables. In addition, various surveys often produce estimates with incomplete spatio‐temporal coverage. By combining surveys using a Bayesian approach, we can account for different margins of error and leverage dependencies to produce estimates of every variable considered at every spatial location and every time point. Specifically, our strategy is to use a hierarchical modelling approach, where the first stage of the model incorporates the margin of error associated with each survey. Then, in a lower stage of the hierarchical model, the multivariate spatio‐temporal mixed effects model is used to incorporate multivariate spatio‐temporal dependencies of the processes of interest. We adopt a fully Bayesian approach for combining surveys; that is, given all of the available surveys, the conditional distributions of the latent processes of interest are used for statistical inference. To demonstrate our proposed methodology, we jointly analyze period estimates from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey, and estimates obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics program. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting cognitive changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: A review of its feasibility
Authors: Mortamais Marion , Ash Jessica A. , Harrison John , Kaye Jeffrey , Kramer Joel , Randolph Christopher , Pose Carine , Albala Bruce , Ropacki Michael , Ritchie Craig W. , Ritchie Karen
Published: October 2016

Significant progress has been made in characterizing the biological changes occurring in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cognitive dysfunction has been viewed, however, as a late‐stage phenomenon, despite increasing evidence that changes may be detected in the decades preceding dementia. In the absence of comprehensive evidence‐based guidelines for preclinical cognitive assessment, longitudinal cohort and neuroimaging studies have been reviewed to determine the temporal order and brain biomarker correlates of specific cognitive functions. Episodic memory decline was observed to be the most salient cognitive function, correlating with high levels of amyloid deposition and hypoconnectivity across large‐scale brain networks. Prospective studies point to early decline in both episodic and semantic memory processing as well as executive functions in the predementia period. The cognitive tests have, however, been principally those used to diagnose dementia. New procedures are required which target more finely the medial temporal lobe subregions first affected by clinically silent AD pathology.
Validation of the Adult Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-4	(SASSI-4)
Authors: Lazowski Linda E. , Geary Brent B.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The study objective was to develop a revision of the adult Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-3 to include new items to identify nonmedical use of prescription medications, as well as additional subtle and symptom-related identifiers of substance use disorders (SUDs) and to evaluate its psychometric properties and screening accuracy against a criterion of DSM-5 diagnoses for SUD. Clinical professionals throughout the nine US Census Bureau regions and two Canadian provinces who used the SASSI Online screening tool submitted 1,284 completed administrations of the provisional SASSI-4 along with their independent DSM-5 diagnoses of SUD. Validation sample findings demonstrated SASSI-4 sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 90%, AUC = .91. Items added to identify respondents who were abusing prescription medications showed 94% overall screening accuracy. Logistic regression showed no significant effects of client demographic characteristics or type of screening setting on the accuracy of SASSI-4 screening outcomes. In Study 2, 120 adults in recovery from SUD completed the SASSI-4 under instructions to fake good. Sensitivity of 79% was demonstrated for the full scoring protocol and was 47% when only face valid scales were utilized. Clinical utility is discussed.