bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porous Particle‐Based Inkjet Printing of Flexible Fluorescent Films: Enhanced Sensing Performance and Advanced Encryption
Authors: Li Min , Liu Jianfei , Shang Congdi , Liu Ke , Qi Yanyu , Miao Rong , Fang Yu
Published: May 2019

Innovative design and fabrication of fluorescent films are key steps in the development of film‐based fluorescent sensors, where both sensing unit and substrate are crucial to the performance of the films. To improve sensing performance via increasing mass transfer, hierarchical porous particles are chosen as substrate. NBDCOOH is adopted as a representative sensing fluorophore, and is immobilized onto the particles via physical adsorption. Dispersing the fluorescent particles into a mixture of ethanol and glycerol results in a fluorescent ink. It is demonstrated that the fluorescence of the film obtained from this particle‐based ink is more than 45 times stronger than that from pure NBDCOOH solution. In addition, the particle‐based film shows much improved photochemical stability and enhanced sensing performance. Owing to its printability, it can be used to generate complex patterns, which can be used for advanced information encryption.
Squid‐Inspired Smart Window by Movement of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Asymmetric Confinement
Authors: Yang Junseok , Lee Hyunggyu , Heo Seong Gil , Kang Sunghwan , Lee Hyemin , Lee Cho Hee , Yoon Hyunsik
Published: May 2019

The camouflage used by cephalopods is an interesting topic in biomimetics. Squid, part of the cephalopod family, have transformable skin that can be made transparent or darkened through control of the light‐absorption area. This is achieved using a muscular structure. A smart‐window scheme inspired by this is developed. Magnetic nanopigments dispersed within an asymmetric pyramidal array are used and the light‐absorption area is manipulated through use of a magnetic field. Refractive‐index‐matched liquids are used as a dispersion media to avoid refraction at the interface. The transparency hysteresis (ON/OFF ratio) performance depends on the ratio of magnetic nanoparticles and the dispersive fluid and a model is derived to explain this. In addition, a 3D‐printed structure is proposed and demonstrated for better performance.
Bioinspired Polydopamine‐Based Resistive‐Switching Memory on Cotton Fabric for Wearable Neuromorphic Device Applications
Authors: Bae Hagyoul , Kim Daewon , Seo Myungsoo , Jin Ik Kyeong , Jeon Seung‐Bae , Lee Hye Moon , Jung Soo‐Ho , Jang Byung Chul , Son Gyeongho , Yu Kyoungsik , Choi Sung‐Yool , Choi Yang‐Kyu
Published: May 2019

Fabric‐based electronic textiles (e‐textiles) have been investigated for the fabrication of high‐performance wearable electronic devices with good durability. Current e‐textile technology is limited by not only the delicate characteristics of the materials used but also by the fabric substrates, which impose constraints on the fabrication process. A polydopamine (PDA)‐intercalated fabric memory (PiFAM) with a resistive random access memory (RRAM) architecture is reported for fabric‐based wearable devices, as a step towards promising neuromorphic devices beyond the most simple. It is composed of interwoven cotton yarns. A solution‐based dip‐coating method is used to create a functional core–shell yarn. The outer shell is coated with PDA and the inner shell is coated with aluminum (Al) surrounding the core yarn, which serves as a backbone. The Al shell serves as the RRAM electrode and the PDA is a resistive‐switching layer. These functional yarns are then interwoven to create the RRAM in a lattice point. Untreated yarn is intercalated between adjacent functional yarns to avoid cell‐to‐cell interference. The PiFAM is applied to implement a synapse, and the feasibility of a neuromorphic device with pattern recognition accuracy of ≈81% and the potential for application in wearable and flexible electronic platforms is demonstrated.
Generation of Spin‐Dependent Accelerating Beam with Geometric Metasurface
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Du Jing , Wang Han , Lu Yonghua , Wang Pei
Published: May 2019

Airy beam holds great promise for wide applications because of its unique features of being diffraction‐free, self‐accelerating, and self‐healing. Much efforts are devoted to develop concise and efficient methods to generate and manipulate accelerating Airy beams. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to generate single or paired Airy beams by encoding the geometric phase of dielectric metasurface. Cubic phase, together with a linearly gradient phase, is imposed on the metasurface to control the acceleration and initial launching velocity of accelerating Airy beams. Spin‐dependent geometric phase facilitates the generation of spin‐dependent Airy beams by simply controlling the polarization of incident light. High quality of the generated Airy beam is testified by characterization of its diffraction‐free, self‐accelerating, and self‐healing propagation. Despite the loss for silicon in visible region, generation efficiency as high as 63% is achieved for the metasurface Airy beam generator. The results demonstrate the possibility to manipulate complex structured optical field with all‐dielectric metasurface and broaden the potential application of Airy beams into compact and integrated systems.
Solvent selection for extractive distillation using molecular simulation
Authors: Woo Hee Chul , Kim Young Han
Published: May 2019

This study examines a search for a new solvent for extractive distillation using molecular simulation, and the performance of the proposed extractive distillation processes using the solvents is compared to conventional processes. Unlike other solvent search procedures, the proposed solvent finding technique relies on a chemical structure similarity between the solvent and the extracted material without depending on a solvent database. Two new processes of benzene, toluene, and xylenes separation from naphtha reformate and propene/propane separation are compiled with the newly developed solvents for the performance examination. The simulation of the proposed extractive distillation processes demonstrates a significant performance improvement in energy saving and investment cost over conventional processes.
Palladium Catalyzed C−H Olefination of Indolizines at the 1‐Position with Molecular Oxygen as the Terminal Oxidant
Authors: Lu Mingzhu , Shi Fei , Ji Meishan , Kan Yuhe , Hu Huayou
Published: May 2019

A regioselective C1‐olefination of indolizines enabled by PdII‐catalyzed non‐directed C−H activation has been developed. Molecular oxygen is employed in this protocol as the terminal oxidant and with a catalytic amount CuII salt as the co‐oxidant. A broad range of simple and highly fused indolizine substrates were compatible with the reaction conditions, enabling the straightforward synthesis of valuable C1‐substituted indolizine derivatives.
Selective Inhibitors of FKBP51 Employ Conformational Selection of Dynamic Invisible States
Authors: Jagtap Pravin Kumar Ankush , Asami Sam , Sippel Claudia , Kaila Ville R. I. , Hausch Felix , Sattler Michael
Published: May 2019

The recently discovered SAFit class of inhibitors against the Hsp90 co‐chaperone FKBP51 show greater than 10 000‐fold selectivity over its closely related paralogue FKBP52. However, the mechanism underlying this selectivity remained unknown. By combining NMR spectroscopy, biophysical and computational methods with mutational analysis, we show that the SAFit molecules bind to a transient pocket in FKBP51. This represents a weakly populated conformation resembling the inhibitor‐bound state of FKBP51, suggesting conformational selection rather than induced fit as the major binding mechanism. The inhibitor‐bound conformation of FKBP51 is stabilized by an allosteric network of residues located away from the inhibitor‐binding site. These residues stabilize the Phe67 side chain in a dynamic outward conformation and are distinct in FKBP52, thus rationalizing the basis for the selectivity of SAFit inhibitors. Our results represent a paradigm for the selective inhibition of transient binding pockets.
Biocatalytic Strategy for Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofuran‐Based Tricyclic Scaffolds
Authors: Vargas David A. , Khade Rahul L. , Zhang Yong , Fasan Rudi
Published: May 2019

2,3‐Dihydrobenzofurans are key pharmacophores in many natural and synthetic bioactive molecules. A biocatalytic strategy is reported here for the highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective construction of stereochemically rich 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans in high enantiopurity (>99.9% de and ee), high yields, and on a preparative scale via benzofuran cyclopropanation with engineered myoglobins. Computational and structure‐reactivity studies provide insights into the mechanism of this reaction, enabling the elaboration of a stereochemical model that can rationalize the high stereoselectivity of the biocatalyst. This information was leveraged to implement a highly stereoselective route to a drug molecule and a tricyclic scaffold featuring five stereogenic centers via a single‐enzyme transformation. This work expands the biocatalytic toolbox for asymmetric C–C bond transformations and should prove useful for further development of metalloprotein catalysts for abiotic carbene transfer reactions.
Target Enzyme‐Activated Two‐Photon Fluorescent Probes: A Case Study of CYP3A4 Using a Two‐Dimensional Design Strategy
Authors: Ning Jing , Wang Wei , Ge Guangbo , Chu Peng , Long Feida , Yang Yongliang , Peng Yulin , Feng Lei , Ma Xiaochi , James Tony D.
Published: May 2019

The rapid development of fluorescent probes for monitoring target enzymes is still a great challenge owing to the lack of efficient ways to optimize a specific fluorophore. Herein, a practical two‐dimensional strategy was designed for the development of an isoform‐specific probe for CYP3A4, a key cytochrome P450 isoform responsible for the oxidation of most clinical drugs. In first dimension of the design strategy, a potential two‐photon fluorescent substrate (NN) for CYP3A4 was effectively selected using ensemble‐based virtual screening. In the second dimension, various substituent groups were introduced into NN to optimize the isoform‐selectivity and reactivity. Finally, with ideal selectivity and sensitivity, NEN was successfully applied to the real‐time detection of CYP3A4 in living cells and zebrafish. These findings suggested that our strategy is practical for developing an isoform‐specific probe for a target enzyme.
Social informatics of information value cocreation: A case study of xiaomi's online user community
Authors: Pee Loo Geok , Pan Shan L. , Li Mingwei , Jia Suling
Published: May 2019

The perennial issue of information value creation needs to be understood in the contemporary era of a more networked user environment enabled by information technology (IT). This mixed‐methods study investigates information value cocreation from the social informatics perspective to surface sociotechnical implications for IT design and use, since cocreation is inherently social and technology‐mediated. Specifically, the cocreation of software as an information‐intensive product is examined. Data on the cocreation of Xiaomi's MIUI firmware were collected from two sources: 49 interviews of staff and user participants and web crawling of the cocreation platform. They were analyzed with interpretive analysis, topic modeling, and social network analysis for triangulation. Findings indicate three sociotechnical information practices co‐constituted by information, IT, people, and their activities. Each practice is instrumental in rapidly and continuously converting external information into cocreated information value. The adsorption information practice attracts new and diverse external information; the absorption practice integrates external and internal information rapidly by involving users; the desorption practice allows rapid adoption of the cocreated product so that information value can be realized and demonstrated for further cocreation. Critically analyzing these practices reveals unanticipated or paradoxical issues affecting the design and use of common cocreation technology such as discussion forums.
Do cognitive and affective expressions matter in purchase conversion? A live chat perspective
Authors: Kang Lele , Tan Chuan‐Hoo , Zhao J. Leon
Published: May 2019

Live chat, which is embedded in some shopping websites, allows a retailer to communicate with its shoppers directly and respond to their inquiries promptly. We extended the Speech Act Theory (SAT) to this context by developing the Dialog Conversion Model (DCM) that elucidates the characteristics of online dialog between shoppers and retailers. We validated the DCM using quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative analyses of 1,185 communication sessions and related purchase records reflect that shoppers' cognitive, rather than affective, expressions tend to indicate their purchase intentions, and retailers should emphasize cognitive expressions to the extent possible while being strategic in their choice of expressions. Furthermore, the affective expressions (in positive and negative forms) articulated by retailers have a considerable influence on purchase conversion. However, the same is not true for shoppers. Post‐hoc interviews were conducted with shoppers to gain additional insights.
Mover‐stayer model with covariate effects on stayer's probability and mover's transitions
Authors: Frydman H. , Matuszyk A. , Li C. , Zhu W.
Published: May 2019

A discrete time Markov chain assumes that the population is homogeneous, each individual in the population evolves according to the same transition matrix. In contrast, a discrete mover‐stayer (MS) model postulates a simple form of population heterogeneity; in each initial state, there is a proportion of individuals who never leave this state (stayers) and the complementary proportion of individuals who evolve according to a Markov chain (movers). The MS model was extended by specifying the stayer's probability to be a logistic function of an individual's covariates but leaving the same transition matrix for all movers. We further extend the MS model by allowing each mover to have her/his covariates dependent transition matrix. The model for a mover's transition matrix is related to the extant Markov chains mixture model with mixing on the speed of movement of Markov chains. The proposed model is estimated using the expectation‐maximization algorithm and illustrated with a large data set on car loans and the simulation.
Comparison of immobilized and free enzyme systems in industrial production of short‐chain fructooligosaccharides from sucrose using a techno‐economic approach
Authors: Bedzo Oscar K. K. , Mandegari Mohsen , Görgens Johann F.
Published: May 2019

Short‐chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) are nutraceuticals with numerous applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The production of scFOS using immobilized biocatalysts offers some functional and technical advantages over free enzyme counterparts. To investigate the economic potential of the immobilized enzyme system relative to the free enzyme system, a techno‐economic comparison was conducted on three methods of scFOS production (powder and syrup forms) at a capacity of 2000 t per annum (tpa) by enzymatic synthesis from sucrose: the free enzyme (FE), calcium alginate immobilized enzyme (CAIE), and amberlite IRA 900 immobilized enzyme (AIE) systems. These processes were simulated in Aspen Plus to obtain the mass and energy balances and to estimate the operating and capital costs, followed by economic evaluation and sensitivity analysis. Profitability analysis showed that all three systems are economically viable as their associated minimum selling prices (MSP) were well below the scFOS market price of 5 $ kg−1. However, the FE system was the most profitable with the lowest MSP of 2.61 $ kg−1 because the savings on cost as a result of enzyme immobilization could not offset the additional costs associated with immobilization. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that total operating cost, fixed capital investment, and internal rate of return (% IRR) have the greatest effects on the MSP. Furthermore, the syrup form of scFOS production leads to 29% less MSP, compared to powder form. In addition, the studied plant capacities of 5000 and 1000 tpa showed 10% and 16% reductions on MSP respectively. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Improving neurodevelopment in infants with complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Harrison Tondi M.
Published: May 2019

Worldwide, more than 400,000 infants are born each year with complex congenital heart disease (CCHD) requiring surgical intervention within the first months of life. Although improvements in perioperative care have resulted in increased rates of survival, more than half of infants with CCHD have neurodevelopmental impairments affecting subsequent educational achievements, job opportunities, and mental health. Brain maturity and impaired outcomes in infants with CCHD are similar to those of prematurely born infants. Developmentally supportive care, including foundational application of kangaroo care (KC), improves neurodevelopment in premature infants. Provision of developmentally supportive care with KC during the early hospitalization of infants with CCHD has the potential to similarly improve neurodevelopment. The purposes of the article are to describe common congenital heart defects, describe developmentally supportive care with an emphasis on KC, and to offer specific recommendations for KC and research in infants with CCHD.
Numerische Verfahrenssimulation im Betonbau
Authors: Nietner Lutz , Linsel Stefan , Raderbauer Bernd
Published: May 2019

Das im Jahre 2016 fertiggestellte Kraftwerksprojekt Linth‐Limmern in den Schweizer Alpen ist ein Schwerpunktstandort in der nationalen Energieversorgungsstrategie der Schweiz. Zentrales Element ist dabei ein unterirdisches Pumpspeicherkraftwerk in 1800 m Höhe, welches durch den ca. 700 m höheren Speicher Muttsee versorgt wird. Die Herstellung der dafür notwendigen Staumauer ist eine anspruchsvolle Bauaufgabe, die aufgrund der Massigkeit der Betonkonstruktion, der extremen alpinen Umgebungsbedingungen und der unbewehrten Bauweise mit sehr hohen Anforderungen an die Standsicherheit, Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit verbunden ist. Dies betrifft insbesondere die mögliche Rissbildung im Mauerkörper infolge von Hydratationswärmeentwicklung des Betons, die durch geeignete technologische Maßnahmen verhindert werden muss. Der nachfolgende Beitrag stellt die dafür zugrundeliegenden thermomechanischen Simulationsmodelle und die daraus abgeleiteten baupraktischen Schlussfolgerungen und Handlungsanweisungen vor. Er bildet zugleich den Auftakt für eine Reihe von weiteren Fachartikeln zur Thematik der baupraktischen Anwendung von numerischer Baustoff‐ und Verfahrenssimulation.
Multidisciplinarity in Microbiome Research: A Challenge and Opportunity to Rethink Causation, Variability, and Scale
Authors: Amato Katherine R. , Maurice Corinne F. , Guillemin Karen , Giles‐Vernick Tamara
Published: May 2019

This essay, written by a biologist, a microbial ecologist, a biological anthropologist, and an anthropologist‐historian, examines tensions and translations in microbiome research on animals in the laboratory and field. The authors trace how research questions and findings in the laboratory are extrapolated into the field and vice versa, and the shifting evidentiary standards that these research settings require. Showing how complexities of microbiomes challenge traditional standards of causation, the authors contend that these challenges require new approaches to inferences used in ecology, anthropology, and history. As social scientists incorporate investigations of microbial life into their human studies, microbiome researchers venture into field settings to develop mechanistic understandings about the functions of complex microbial communities. These efforts generate new possibilities for cross‐fertilizations and inference frameworks to interpret microbiome findings. Microbiome research should integrate multiple scales, levels of variability, and other disciplinary approaches to tackle questions spanning conditions from the laboratory to the field.
Evidence of Aberrant Immune Response by Endogenous Double‐Stranded RNAs: Attack from Within
Authors: Kim Sujin , Ku Yongsuk , Ku Jayoung , Kim Yoosik
Published: May 2019

Many innate immune response proteins recognize foreign nucleic acids from invading pathogens to initiate antiviral signaling. These proteins mostly rely on structural characteristics of the nucleic acids rather than their specific sequences to distinguish self and nonself. One feature utilized by RNA sensors is the extended stretch of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) base pairs. However, the criteria for recognizing nonself dsRNAs are rather lenient, and hairpin structure of self‐RNAs can also trigger an immune response. Consequently, aberrant activation of RNA sensors has been reported in numerous human diseases. Yet, in most cases, the activating antigens remain unknown. Recent studies have developed sequencing techniques tailored to specifically capture dsRNAs and identified that various noncoding elements in the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome can generate dsRNAs. Here, the identity of endogenous dsRNAs, their recognition by dsRNA sensors, and their implications in the pathogenesis of human diseases ranging from inflammatory to degenerative are presented.
Penile hair strangulation: A prodigious cause of pediatric agitation
Authors: Degheili Jad A. , El‐Asmar Jose M. , Aoun Bilal
Published: May 2019

Penile hair strangulation is secondary to a hair tourniquet effect. Albeit a rare presentation in pediatric emergency units, penile hair strangulation must be cautiously noted in any penile pain and edema, to avoid inevitable damage to external genitalia, including penile necrosis, urethrocutaneous fistula, and even amputation.
Beyond 1T‐phase? Synergistic Electronic Structure and Defects Engineering in 2H‐MoS2xSe2(1‐x) Nanosheets for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Sodium Storage
Authors: Wang Ran , Li Xiaofeng , Gao Tangling , Yao Tai , Liu Shengwei , Wang Xianjie , Han Jiecai , Zhang Peng , Cao Xingzhong , Zhang Xinghong , Zhang Yumin , Song Bo
Published: May 2019

Two‐dimensional layered MoSe2 has been proved to be promising electrocatalyst toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), although the typical disadvantages of poor conductivity and limited density of active sites in 2H‐phase restrict further development. Here, a clear evidence is presented in partially‐crystallized 2H‐MoS2xSe2(1‐x) nanosheets (NS) to demonstrate that: i) in both 2H‐ and 1T‐phase, single factor such as phase, conductivity, or defects will not determine or restrict the catalytic activity in MoSe2, and ii) synergistic tuning at least two factors will greatly enhance the overall HER performance than single factor no matter in 2H‐ or 1T‐MoSe2 crystal structures. The enhanced catalytic activity with η10=136 mV vs RHE, and a Tafel slope of 50 mV dec−1 are achieved in the optimized 2H‐MoS0.2Se1.8‐160 NS, which is the best among pure MoSSe materials without heterogeneous atom doping to our knowledge. In addition, 2H‐MoS0.2Se1.8/rGO anodes exhibit a stable reversible capacity of 396 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. These discoveries provide a unique opportunity to comprehensively understand the single factor or multi‐factors mechanism for HER, which serves as the general design and modulation principles for further synthesize and applications of MoSe2‐based materials toward HER and other catalytic applications.
Influence of Liquid Density and Surface Tension on the Pinning of Sliding Droplets on a Triangular Microstructure
Authors: Bonart Henning , Jung Johannes , Kahle Christian , Repke Jens-Uwe
Published: May 2019

Sliding droplets are crucial in many industrial applications. Examples are coating and separation processes involving multiple phases and liquid films. Often one can observe how a sliding droplet halts midstream on a solid surface. Wetting defects such as topographic structures can lead to a pinning of sliding droplets. In order to assess the influence of liquid density and surface tension on the pinning, direct numerical simulations are performed. After the model and its discretization are introduced, the solution is validated. Simulation results of gravity‐driven droplets on inclined surfaces with structures in the size of the droplets are presented and the observed requirements for pinning a sliding droplet to a surface are discussed.
Through‐Space Spin Coupling in a Silver(II) Porphyrin Dimer upon Stepwise Oxidations: AgII⋅⋅⋅AgII, AgII⋅⋅⋅AgIII, and AgIII⋅⋅⋅AgIIIMetallophilic Interactions
Authors: Singh Akhil Kumar , Usman Mohammad , Sciortino Giuseppe , Garribba Eugenio , Rath Sankar Prasad
Published: May 2019

Metallophilic interactions between closed‐shell metal ions are becoming a popular tool for a variety of applications related to high‐end materials. Heavier d8transition‐metal ions are also considered to have a closed shell and can be involved in such interactions. There is no systematic investigation so far to estimate the structure and energy characteristics of metallophilic interactions in AgII/AgII(d9/d9), AgIII/AgIII(d8/d8), and mixed‐valent AgII/AgIII(d9/d8) complexes, which have been demonstrated in the present study. Both interporphyrinic and intermetallic interactions were investigated on stepwise oxidation by using a rigid ethene‐bridgedcissilver(II) porphyrin dimer and the results compared with those for highly flexible ethane‐bridged analogues. By controlling the nature of chemical oxidants and their stoichiometry, both 1e and 2e oxidations were done stepwise to generate AgII/AgIIImixed‐valent and AgIII/AgIIIporphyrin dimers, respectively. Unlike all other ethene‐bridged metalloporphyrin dimers reported earlier, in which 2e oxidation stabilizes only thetransform, such an oxidation of silver(II) porphyrin dimer stabilizes only thecisform because of the metallophilic interaction. Besides silver(II)⋅⋅⋅silver(II) interactions incissilver(II) porphyrin dimer, stepwise oxidations also enabled us to achieve various hitherto‐unknown silver(II)⋅⋅⋅silver(III) and silver(III)⋅⋅⋅silver(III) interactions, which thereby allow significant modulation of their structure and properties. The strength of Ag⋅⋅⋅Ag interaction follows the order AgII/AgII(d9/d9)<AgII/AgIII(d9/d8)<AgIII/AgIII(d8/d8). Single‐crystal XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),1H NMR and EPR spectroscopy, and variable‐temperature magnetic investigations revealed various oxidation states of silver and metallophilic interactions, which are also well supported by computational analysis.
2,5‐Thienylene‐Strapped Bicyclic and Tricyclic Expanded Porphyrins
Authors: Abdisa Kerayu Bulti , Ching Wei‐Min , dela Cruz Jay‐ar , Hung Chen‐Hsiung
Published: May 2019

An [18]thiaporphyrin[36]dithiaoctaphyrin‐[18]thiaporphyrin tricyclic macrocycle, fused through the 2,5‐thienylene bridging moiety, was isolated during the preparation of 2,5‐thienylene‐strapped [26]hexaphyrin containing o‐dichlorophenyl groups as meso substituents. The spectroscopic data of the 2,5‐thienylene‐strapped [26]hexaphyrin verified contributions of aromaticity from ring currents of both the [18]thiaporphyrin and the [26]hexaphyrin. The crystal structure of the tricyclic macrocycle revealed a distorted [36]dithiaoctaphyrin central core with two [18]thiaporphyrin sidewheels oriented nearly perpendicular to the mean‐plane of dithiaoctaphyrin, implying the existence of independent π‐conjugated systems. Both the absorption maximum at 441 nm and the chemical shifts in the 1H NMR spectrum of the tricyclic macrocycle are dominated by diatropic ring currents of two aromatic [18]thiaporphyrin sidewheels.
Hoftsede's cultural dimensions and corporate social responsibility in online communication: Are they independent constructs?
Authors: Vollero Agostino , Siano Alfonso , Palazzo Maria , Amabile Sara
Published: May 2019

Despite the fact that culture is central in globalized and digitalized contexts, few studies have investigated how organizations are influenced by cultural dimensions in communicating their social responsibility efforts. Through the lens of cultural dimensions, this study aims at comparing communication displayed on corporate websites of top sustainable organizations. The aim is reached evaluating how Hofstede's cultural dimensions, reflected in corporate social responsibility (CSR) content, vary between companies in Asian context and other organizations worldwide. A coding scheme to analyze cultural impact on CSR communication content disclosed on websites was carried out. Findings show that Hofstede's cultural dimensions and online CSR communication belong to different levels of analysis: One is innate and diffusive, whereas the other one is intentional and rational. Differently from extant studies on cultural dimensions, results suggest that cultural dimensions are factors that should be analyzed as social aspects, whereas online CSR communication should instead be explored as strategic feature.
Learning Single‐Cell Distances from Cytometry Data
Authors: Nguyen Bac , Rubbens Peter , Kerckhof Frederiek‐Maarten , Boon Nico , De Baets Bernard , Waegeman Willem
Published: May 2019

Recent years have seen an increased interest in employing data analysis techniques for the automated identification of cell populations in the field of cytometry. These techniques highly depend on the use of a distance metric, a function that quantifies the distances between single‐cell measurements. In most cases, researchers simply use the Euclidean distance metric. In this article, we exploit the availability of single‐cell labels to find an optimal Mahalanobis distance metric derived from the data. We show that such a Mahalanobis distance metric results in an improved identification of cell populations compared with the Euclidean distance metric. Once determined, it can be used for the analysis of multiple samples that were measured under the same experimental setup. We illustrate this approach for cytometry data from two different origins, that is, flow cytometry applied to microbial cells and mass cytometry for the analysis of human blood cells. We also illustrate that such a distance metric results in an improved identification of cell populations when clustering methods are employed. Generally, these results imply that the performance of data analysis techniques can be improved by using a more advanced distance metric. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Movers and shakers: Bumble bee foraging behavior shapes the dispersal of microbes among and within flowers
Authors: Russell Avery L. , Rebolleda‐Gómez María , Shaible Tierney Marie , Ashman Tia‐Lynn
Published: May 2019

Dispersal is central to the ecology and evolution of spatially structured communities. While flower microbial communities are spatially structured among floral organs, how dispersal vectors distribute microbes among floral organs is unknown. Pollinators are recognized as key microbial vectors, but effects of their different foraging behaviors on transfer dynamics among flowers or different floral organs are not known. We asked how foraging behaviors of a model pollinator (Bombus impatiens) affect acquisition and dispersal of microbes among flower organs. We used monkeyflowers (Mimulus guttatus) to examine dispersal within a natural context and artificial flowers to test how common bee foraging behaviors (nectaring, buzzing, or scrabbling) shaped dispersal of a green fluorescent protein‐labeled bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens. Bees acquired 1% of a flower's microbes and dispersed 31% of acquired microbes to the next flower. All bees acquired microbes, and 85% and 76% of bees dispersed microbes to live and artificial flowers, respectively. Microbes acquired from the corolla were mainly deposited on the corolla, followed by the stamens, and least on the nectary/pistil. Bee foraging behavior affected acquisition, with scrabbling for pollen resulting in 23% more microbes acquired than nectaring, and with buzzing for pollen resulting in a 79% slower rate of microbial acquisition relative to scrabbling. Bee foraging behavior also affected deposition but depended on the floral organ: Scrabbling and buzzing for pollen led to greater deposition than nectaring for corolla and stamen but not nectary. Our results have implications for transmission of beneficial and pathogenic microbes among plants and pollinators, and thus the ecology and evolution of floral microbial communities.
Ectoparasite burden influences the denning behavior of a small desert carnivore
Authors: Kluever Bryan M. , Iles David T. , Gese Eric M.
Published: May 2019

Quantifying the impacts of parasitism on a host can be arduous and is generally understudied for ectoparasites, with known works being either laboratory‐focused, correlational‐based, or only focusing on a few species and spatial extents. Many mammalian species have evolved the modality of denning behavior, a lifestyle that can lead to higher ectoparasite burden, and it has been posited that animals may alter their denning behavior in an attempt to reduce exposure to ectoparasites. We conducted a test of the ectoparasite release hypothesis for kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) and fleas in the Great Basin Desert of the western United States, a hypothesis that has remained relatively untested for over half a century. We experimentally administered a flea reduction treatment to a subset of kit foxes. We then measured and compared the number of unique den usages and residency time across treatment and control foxes (no flea reduction treatment) while accounting for other factors known to influence denning behavior. Foxes treated with the flea medication reduced the number of unique dens and increased their residency times at dens. All kit foxes continued to use multiple dens on the landscape, suggesting several factors in addition to flea burden influence denning behavior. Our results confirm the long‐dormant ectoparasite release hypothesis and suggest ectoparasites may shape the behavior of burrowing vertebrates to a greater extent than previously recognized.
SIRPα+ dendritic cells promote the development of fibroblastic reticular cells in murine peripheral lymph nodes
Authors: Komori Satomi , Saito Yasuyuki , Respatika Datu , Nishimura Taichi , Kotani Takenori , Murata Yoji , Matozaki Takashi
Published: May 2019

Nonhematopoietic stromal cells contribute to the organization and homeostasis of secondary lymphoid organs by producing cytokines and chemokines. The development and maintenance of these stromal cells are thought to be regulated by innate immune cells. Indeed, we recently showed that signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα)‐positive dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the proliferation and survival of podoplanin (Pdpn)‐positive fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in mouse spleen. We have now established an in vitro culture system for lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) isolated from mouse peripheral LNs. Activated DCs and TNF‐α each promoted the proliferation of cultured LNSCs, most of which were found to be Pdpn+ FRCs. Furthermore, ablation of SIRPα in CD11c+ cells attenuated this effect of DCs on LNSC proliferation. Transplantation of activated DCs together with cultured LNSCs into the renal subcapsular space markedly increased the number of ER‐TR7+ stromal cells as well as induced the accumulation of T cells and increased the expression of Ccl19 in the transplants. Ablation of SIRPα in CD11c+ cells greatly impaired the development of LN‐like structure in the transplants. Our findings thus suggest that SIRPα+ DCs are important for the proliferation and differentiation of Pdpn+ FRCs in peripheral LNs.
Gauging the Redox Non‐Innocence of a Highly Pi‐Acidic Bis‐Tetrazine Pincer Ligand
Authors: Cook Brian J. , Lord Richard L. , Chen Chun‐Hsing , Caulton Kenneth G.
Published: May 2019

A 1:1 complex of a 2,6‐bis‐tetrazinylpyridine pincer ligand, btzp, with ZnCl2 is characterized. The molecule is shown to be redox active by cyclic voltammetry and by chemical reduction. The resulting monoanion loses chloride to yield a radical species [Zn(btzp)Cl] whose EPR spectrum is observed. DFT studies show that the electron added upon reduction goes into an orbital primarily comprised of tetrazine nitrogen pπ character. The Zn–Cl bonds lengthen but the Zn–Ntz bonds shorten upon reduction, in response to taking on amide character. In an alternative approach to evaluating the electron accepting capacity of btzp, the molecule [Ru(btzp)Cl2(CO)] has been fully characterized and shows a CO stretching frequency 84 cm–1 higher than that of its terpyridine analog. This result indicates btzp is strongly electron withdrawing; the CO stretching frequency for [Ru(btzp)Cl2(CO)] is among the highest ever observed for a ruthenium(II) monocarbonyl complex. Computational experiments on [Ru(btzp)Cl2(L)] test the influence of L on π‐back donation to btzp.
The Value of Legume Foods as a Dietary Source of Phytoprostanes and Phytofurans Is Dependent on Species, Variety, and Growing Conditions
Authors: García‐García María C. , del Río Celestino Mercedes , Gil‐Izquierdo Ángel , Egea‐Gilabert Catalina , Galano Jean M. , Durand Thierry , Oger Camille , Fernández Juan A. , Ferreres Federico , Domínguez‐Perles Raúl
Published: May 2019

Bioactive phytoprostanes and phytofurans are synthesized in higher plants by non‐enzymatic oxidation of α‐linolenic acid (C18:3 n‐3), triggered by high concentrations of reactive oxygen species. In the current scenario of changing dietary patterns, additional information is needed on the concentrations of oxylipins in legumes and on the effect of sustained deficit irrigation on their concentration. The main objective of the work is to elucidate the phytoprostane and phytofuran profile (including eight and three compounds, respectively) of three Pisum sativum cultivars (“mangetout” (ssp. arvense), “BGE‐033620,” and “Lincoln”) and Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean cv. “Helda”), to unravel the oxidative response of these crops to sustained irrigation deficit in terms of oxidative stress, as well as in their importance as healthy dietary sources of new bioactive compounds. Phytoprostanes and phytofurans vary between varieties and species, with 9‐F1t‐PhytoP and ent‐16‐(RS)‐13‐epi‐ST‐Δ14‐9‐PhytoF being the most abundant. The level of phytoprostanes and phytofurans is also determined in sustained deficit irrigation (50% water needed), revealing modifications of their profile and concentration. In conclusion, bioactive phytoprostanes and phytofurans are present in legumes in high concentrations, being further modified by abiotic stress growing conditions, highlighting the importance of this plant food as a dietary source of these bioactive molecules.

Practical Applications: This work is of high relevance from the lipidomic point of view, given that phytoprostanes and phytofurans have been promoted as new bioactive secondary metabolites due to their structural analogy with mammal oxylipins. These compounds can be further postulated as possible markers for the monitoring of the physiological status of legume plants under different agronomical conditions. The results obtained can contribute to the successful development of future research in the field of plant physiology and nutrition, significantly contributing to the advance of the current knowledge on the biological role of phytoprostanes and phytofurans in plants and complex biological systems.

Species‐dependent modification of phytoprostanes and phytofurans by deficit irrigation in French‐bean, pea, and mangetout.
Synthesis of 1‐Substituted Pyrazolines by Reaction of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes with 1,5‐Diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes
Authors: Chagarovskiy Alexey O. , Kuznetsov Vladimir V. , Ivanova Olga A. , Goloveshkin Alexander S. , Levina Irina I. , Makhova Nina N. , Trushkov Igor V.
Published: May 2019

Substituted pyrazolines were obtained by Ni(ClO4)2·6H2O‐catalyzed reaction of 1,5‐diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes with donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes. The mechanism of this reaction includes alkylation of diaziridine nitrogen with Lewis acid‐activated donor‐acceptor cyclopropane followed by hydration of the formed 1,6‐zwitterionic intermediate and oxidation of pyrazolidine with air oxygen. This pathway is realized when starting bicyclic diaziridines have bulky alkyl substituent(s) at the C(6) atom preventing (3+3)‐annulation of two three‐membered rings.
Moisture Adsorption Behavior in Anodes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Eser Jochen C. , Wirsching Tobias , Weidler Peter G. , Altvater Andreas , Börnhorst Tobias , Kumberg Jana , Schöne Gerrit , Müller Marcus , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm
Published: May 2019

Excessive moisture adsorbed in electrodes and separators of a Li‐ion battery hampers its performance and is, therefore, removed to a certain amount in a post‐drying process. An insufficient understanding of the process results thereby in high process costs. Cost reductions can only be achieved efficiently with an improved process understanding by modeling this post‐drying process. As process modeling requires knowledge of sorption equilibria of water in the components of the battery, the sorption equilibria of water in different anodes are determined by means of a magnetic suspension balance and compared with different experimental setups. The measured data of the adsorption isotherms are described mathematically and give an impression of the amount of moisture, which is going to adjust at an equilibrium starting from a dry anode. Moreover, the materials of the anode are evaluated for their moisture sorption behavior. It is shown that mass‐weighted sorption equilibria of water in the materials yield a good approximation of equivalent equilibria in the anode. In the investigated anodes, the binder and rheology additive carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) accounts for the most water uptake.
Current status, challenges, and policy suggestions for coalbed methane industry development in China: A review
Authors: Tao Shu , Chen Shida , Pan Zhejun
Published: May 2019

China is vigorously promoting the development of coalbed methane (CBM) resources because CBM is cleaner than coal and a hazardous gas in coal mining. However, the CBM production in China is significantly lower than that in other coal‐rich countries, such as Australia and the United States. In this paper, the main problems hindering CBM development in China are discussed to provide management suggestions for the government. These key problems include exploration and development techniques, the overlap of mining rights, management, financial supporting policy, investment environment, regulations, and market conditions. The results of this study indicate that to improve the development of the CBM industry in China, national and local governments must enact specific and exercisable regulations to increase financial support, improve technology, increase investment in CBM exploration, strengthen public project establishment, and improve the reform of CBM exploration and development policies.
Beyond‐sparsity–based doubly selective channel estimation for high‐mobility multiuser MIMO‐OFDM systems
Authors: Karani Esmaeil , Beheshti Mojtaba , Fazel Mohammad Sadegh
Published: May 2019

Wireless communications in high‐mobility situations face with doubly selective (DS) fading. In addition, many practical wireless channels exhibit a sparse multipath structure. This paper investigates the DS multiuser multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) channel estimation via compressed sensing. The DS channel is characterized by a general sparse basis expansion model (BEM). This model reduces the channel estimation complexity as the channel estimation problem is reduced to estimating the BEM coefficients instead of numerous channel parameters. In addition, a pilot pattern is proposed for multiuser MIMO orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems, which includes guard and silent pilots to reduce intercarrier interference and interuser interference, respectively. Then, two beyond‐sparsity features (ie, block and joint sparsity) of the BEM coefficients are exploited to propose a beyond‐sparsity–based channel estimation method. Moreover, a pilot design algorithm is proposed to optimize the pilot positions and enhance the estimator performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the estimation accuracy over the existing approaches, with a much smaller pilot overhead.
Review on nutritional composition of orange‐fleshed sweet potato and its role in management of vitamin A deficiency
Authors: Neela Satheesh , Fanta Solomon W.
Published: May 2019

A wide variety of the roots and tubers plays a major role in human diet, animal feed, and industrial raw materials. Sweet potatoes (SPs) play an immense role in human diet and considered as second staple food in developed and underdeveloped countries. Moreover, SP production and management need low inputs compared to the other staple crops. The color of SP flesh varied from white, yellow, purple, and orange. Scientific studies reported the diversity in SP flesh color and connection with nutritional and sensory acceptability. Among all, orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) has been attracting food technologists and nutritionists due to its high content of carotenoids and pleasant sensory characteristics with color. Researchers reported the encouraging health effects of OFSP intervention into the staple food currently practicing in countries such as Uganda, Mozambique, Kenya, and Nigeria. Scientific reviews on the OFSP nutritional composition and role in vitamin A management (VAM) are hardly available in the published literature. So, this review is conducted to address the detailed nutritional composition (proximate, mineral, carotenoids, vitamins, phenolic acids, and antioxidant properties), role in vitamin A deficiency (VAD) management, and different food products that can be made from OFSP.
Prevention of Cholestatic Liver Disease and Reduced Tumorigenicity in a Murine Model of PFIC Type 3 Using Hybrid AAV‐piggyBac Gene Therapy
Authors: Siew Susan M. , Cunningham Sharon C. , Zhu Erhua , Tay Szun S. , Venuti Elena , Bolitho Christine , Alexander Ian E.
Published: May 2019

Recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vectors are highly promising vehicles for liver‐targeted gene transfer, with therapeutic efficacy demonstrated in preclinical models and clinical trials. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3), an inherited juvenile‐onset, cholestatic liver disease caused by homozygous mutation of the ABCB4 gene, may be a promising candidate for rAAV‐mediated liver‐targeted gene therapy. The Abcb4
‐/‐ mice model of PFIC3, with juvenile mice developing progressive cholestatic liver injury due to impaired biliary phosphatidylcholine excretion, resulted in cirrhosis and liver malignancy. Using a conventional rAAV strategy, we observed markedly blunted rAAV transduction in adult Abcb4‐/‐
mice with established liver disease, but not in disease‐free, wild‐type adults or in homozygous juveniles prior to liver disease onset. However, delivery of predominantly nonintegrating rAAV vectors to juvenile mice results in loss of persistent transgene expression due to hepatocyte proliferation in the growing liver. Conclusion: A hybrid vector system, combining the high transduction efficiency of rAAV with piggyBac transposase‐mediated somatic integration, was developed to facilitate stable human ABCB4 expression in vivo and to correct juvenile‐onset chronic liver disease in a murine model of PFIC3. A single dose of hybrid vector at birth led to life‐long restoration of bile composition, prevention of biliary cirrhosis, and a substantial reduction in tumorigenesis. This powerful hybrid rAAV‐piggyBac transposon vector strategy has the capacity to mediate lifelong phenotype correction and reduce the tumorigenicity of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 and, with further refinement, the potential for human clinical translation.
Maternity waiting homes as an intervention to increase facility delivery in rural Zambia
Authors: Perosky Joseph E. , Munro‐Kramer Michelle L. , Lockhart Nancy , Musonda Gertrude K. , Naggayi Anne , Lori Jody R.
Published: May 2019

This study indicates a higher rate of facility delivery at clinics with a maternity waiting home in rural Zambia.