bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Self-Affirmation Values in Achieving the Well-Being for Russian Workers
Authors: Temnitskiy Alexander
Published: March 2022

The paper details the results of a secondary analysis aimed at revealing the social role that self-affirmation values play for Russian workers. For this purpose, the specifics of the relationship between such values as “power-wealth” and “achievement” are successively compared with subjective well-being indicators pertinent to hired workers in Russia and their colleagues in other European countries. In addition to traditional indicators of subjective well-being (satisfaction with life and household income evaluation), the role of a worker’s motivational potential is also taken into account.
The data produced by the European Social Survey (ESS) in 2006–2018 is used as the information base. The object of the study was workers who had paid jobs at the time of the survey.
In contrast to the “scarcity” hypothesis proposed by R. Inglehart and C. Welzel, the “wealth fixation” hypothesis is substantiated in theory and empirically tested for Russian workers with high self-affirmation values. This hypothesis was confirmed: when family income reaches higher values and when subjective evaluations of such income are also high, self-affirmation values grow as well. The analysis showed that positive relations between subjective well-being indicators and self-affirmation values are one of the important distinguishing characteristics of Russian workers.
The final conclusions allow for making the claim that the well-being of Russian workers mainly depends on their individual efforts and how they perform at work. The trend towards weakened relations between self-affirmation values and subjective well-being indicators noticed in Russian workers in the period between 2006 and 2018 are believed to be a sign of the decrease in Russian workers’ motivational potential that had emerged by 2018.
Leisure Preferences of Russian Specialists as a Factor of Human Potential Building
Authors: Latova Natalia
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the leisure preferences of Russian workers with an emphasis on specialists as a special professional group. Human potential theory is chosen as the main theoretical framework. Based on R. Stebbins’ concept, a typology of modern leisure practices in terms of their impact on human potential is offered. The analysis of data from the all-Russian survey conducted in October 2018 by the Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS leads to the conclusion that compared to other workers specialists more often and more fervently choose those types of leisure activities that contribute to the development of their human potential. At the same time, advanced leisure practices are more popular among specialists from the following subgroups: women, young people, city dwellers, and those who consider themselves to be in good health. In addition to these characteristics, external accessibility and internal demand for knowledge also have positive effects. When comparing data from 2018 and 2008, there are some apparent positive shifts in professionals’ leisure preferences. However, we also see a decrease in the rate of growth in professionals’ interest towards advanced leisure practices. In addition, by 2018, in terms of leisure time spent on education, specialists fell behind such groups as entrepreneurs, the self-employed and managers of various levels, who demonstrate a stronger focus on building human potential. Thus, Russian specialists are ahead of most Russians when it comes to the human potential criterion, but their involvement in educational activity in their leisure time (especially in health-preserving behavior) is lower than that of entrepreneurs/self-employed/managers. This calls into question whether this professional group’s characteristics are adequate for the current post-industrial trends.
PENERAPAN METODE EKSPONENTIAL SMOOTHING DALAM MEMPREDIKSI JUMLAH PESERTA DIDIK BARU DI SMA FAVORIT KOTA PAYAKUMBUH
Authors: Marizal Muhammad , Mutiarani Fikha
Published: March 2022

Forecasting is a technique for estimating a value on a particular object in the future by paying attention to past data. This forecasting uses the Exponential Smoothing models because the data used is in accordance with the model. This study aims to predict the number of students in favorite high schools in Payakumbuh based on data obtained from 2014 until 2021 which is grouped into science and social studies classes. Forecasting is done using a Single Exponential Smoothing and Double Exponential models. MAPE results show that the Double Exponential Smoothing model is better at predicting the number of new students than Single Exponential Smoothing. Keywords: Double exponential smoothing, forecasting, single exponential smoothingMSC2020: 62M10
PERAMALAN PRODUKSI KARET INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY TIME SERIES DUA FAKTOR ORDE TINGGI RELASI PANJANG BERDASARKAN RASIO INTERVAL
Authors: Vianita Etna , Tjahjana Heru , Udjiani Titi
Published: March 2022

The fuzzy time series method for forecasting continues to develop over time. This research discusses fuzzy time series, which considers two factors for high order using interval partitioning based on interval ratio with long relation construction for getting different accuracy in forecasting between combination method and existing method. The first step is the formation of the universe of speech. Second, divide the universe of discourse into several intervals using interval ratios. Third, fuzzification. Fourth, build fuzzy logic relations and fuzzy logic relation groups, and fifth, defuzzification. The previous methods would be compared with the fuzzy logic relation construction result. The simulation used Indonesian rubber production data for 2000-2020. The results and errors were tested using the average forecasting error rate (AFER). AFER value of the forecasting method is 1.863% obtained.Keywords: Forecasting, fuzzy time series, long relationMSC2020: 62M10, 62M20, 62M86, 03E72
Zur Rehabilitierung der Verantwortungsethik : ein Konzept der Rollenverantwortung
Authors:   , Wimmers Jens
Published: March 2022

Eine Entgegnung auf die Kritik an der Verantwortungsethik und ein Vorschlag, wie Verantwortung zu konzipieren ist, um die Zurechnungsproblematik zu lösen. Nach etymologischer und semantischer Untersuchung wird Verantwortung als dreistelliger Relationsbegriff („jemand verantwortet etwas gegenüber jemandem“) auf das Modell rationaler Entscheidungen und auf das soziologische Rollenkonzept bezogen. Wer Entscheidungen fällt, trägt Verantwortung. Das Konzept lässt auch die ethische Bewertung kollektiver Akteure und struktureller Entscheidungsinstanzen zu. Die Rechtfertigung der zu verantwortenden Entscheidungen wird dabei kohärentistisch und situativ begründet. So kann die traditionell konsequentialistische Ausrichtung der Verantwortungsethik überwunden werden.
Evaluation of Port Logistics Efficiency and Analysis of Influencing Factors
Authors: Liu Shulong , Deng Ping
Published: March 2022

This paper constructs a port logistics input-output index system of Chongqing port, and analyzes the port logistics efficiency and influencing factors of Chongqing port using DEA-BCC and Tobit models. The results show that the overall port logistics efficiency of Chongqing port shows an incremental increase due to the continuous improvement of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Port logistics efficiency has reached DEA effective and accompanied by fluctuation in recent years. The study shows that port city GDP negatively affects technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Unit port berth output positively affects technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency. The level of urbanization positively affects technical efficiency and scale efficiency, while population size positively affects scale efficiency only. Road freight volume and rail freight volume do not have an impact on port logistics efficiency.
Can Listed Companies Improve Corporate Performance by Improving the Quality of Accounting Information?
Authors: Bai Zimin , Xu Qin
Published: March 2022

The quality of accounting information of listed companies is an important factor affecting corporate performance. This paper selects 3460 listed companies in China from 2005 to 2019 as the research object, and studies the relationship between accounting information quality and corporate performance of listed companies. Through empirical analysis, it is found that improving accounting information quality of listed companies can effectively improve corporate performance. And the improvement of accounting information quality of non-state-owned listed companies is more significant than that of state-owned listed companies. This study provides a new perspective for Chinese listed companies to carry out accounting information quality management, and may also contribute to the healthy development of listed companies in other countries and regions.
The Effect of Leader Humor on Subordinates’ Working Status: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Ying
Published: March 2022

Leader humor in workplace can change the working state of subordinates. However, existing empirical studies have failed to determine whether the effect of positive and negative leader humor on the working status of subordinates is normal, or whether the effect of leader humor in profit and non-profit organizations or under Eastern and Western culture background is also different. To answer these questions, literature on the relationship between Leader humor and subordinate working status from 2009 to 2020 was searched, and 56 effect values of positive leader humor (a total of 16544 samples) and 24 effect values of negative leader humor (a total of 7781 samples) were obtained. The results of meta-analysis show that: (1)There is a significant positive relationship between positive leader humor and subordinates’ work status, while there is a significant negative relationship between negative leader humor and subordinates’ work status; (2) Positive leader humor promotes the subordinates’ behavior state improving by ameliorating their positive psychological state or attitude state in the workplace; (3)Negative leader humor inhibits the subordinates’ behavior state improving by incurring their negative psychological state or attitude state in the workplace.
Research on the Influence Mechanism of Chinese Corporate Governance and Accounting Information Quality
Authors: Xu Qin , Bai Zimin
Published: March 2022

Ownership and management rights are gradually separated in the process of the development of modern enterprises, and the modern financial and accounting system comes into being. Accounting information system is an indispensable part of modern enterprises, corporate governance structure will be organically combined within the enterprise, the two influence each other and interact with each other. True, reliable and efficient accounting information system can fully improve the operational efficiency of the company, and the structure of corporate governance is effectively optimized. On the contrary, the accounting information system of fraud and information distortion is very likely to make the operators seek improper interests, make the stakeholders bear huge losses, and the financial situation of the company deteriorate.
Impulsividad y toma de riesgos: efecto prospectivo sobre el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes argentinos
Authors: Rivarola Montejano Gabriela
Published: March 2022

La impulsividad y la toma de riesgos son dos factores de personalidad estrechamente asociados y que han sido relacionados con el consumo de alcohol. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios que evalúan de manera longitudinal la relación de estas variables sobre el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes latinoamericanos. Esta investigación examinó, atendiendo a las diferencias en función del sexo, el efecto prospectivo de la impulsividad rasgo (Urgencia Positiva, Urgencia Negativa, Falta de Premeditación, Falta de Perseverancia y Búsqueda de Sensaciones) y la toma de riesgos sobre el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes argentinos. Participaron 953 estudiantes de 11 a 16 años al inicio del estudio (M edad= 13.31 ± 0.96; 55.2% mujeres) residentes en Córdoba capital (Argentina). Se realizaron dos recogidas de datos separadas por un período de 12 meses. En la primera recolección, los participantes informaron de su consumo de alcohol durante los últimos doce meses, completaron la Prueba de Riesgo Analógico con Globos y respondieron una encuesta sobre impulsividad rasgo (Escala de impulsividad UPPS-P). En la segunda evaluación reportaron su consumo de alcohol durante el último año. En función del consumo de alcohol en los dos tiempos se los clasificó en: Abstemios, Nuevos Bebedores, Bebedores Regulares y Nuevos Abstemios. Los resultados muestran que las distintas dimensiones de la impulsividad (en particular la Búsqueda de Sensaciones), en ambos sexos, y la toma de riesgos, en mujeres, permitieron distinguir entre quienes nunca consumieron alcohol y las restantes modalidades de consumo. Los hallazgos tienen implicancias prácticas para el desarrollo de intervenciones destinadas a adolescentes con elevados niveles de impulsividad y toma de riesgos, atendiendo especialmente a las diferencias en función del sexo. Palabras clave: alcohol; adolescentes; impulsividad; toma de riesgos; diferencias en función del sexo.
Update on the Clinical Trials Landscape: Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Data: 2000-2020
Authors: Gresham Gillian , Gresham Arthur G , Meinert Jill L , Piantadosi Steven , Meinert Curtis L
Published: March 2022

Background: The clinical trials landscape has evolved over the last two decades, shaped by advances in therapeutics and drug development, the emerging role of technology in trials, innovation in trial design and methods, and increased access to clinical trial information and data through registration. The ClinicalTrials.gov website was launched in 2000 by the NIH National Library of Medicine and is the largest clinical trials registry worldwide. The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis is to describe the composition and methodologic features of clinical trials as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, and to identify key trends over time. Methods: We analyzed data from the publicly available CTTI AACT database, focusing on trials (interventional studies) started between 1 January, 2000 through 31 December, 2020. Characteristics of trial design (e.g., randomization, use of masking, sample size), eligibility criteria, outcome types, interventions, conditions, and results reporting were summarized over time. Results: There were 271,272 trials included in the analysis, of which 57% were completed. Most trials were randomized (66%), single site (68.7%), funded by other sources (69.0%) and had sample sizes less than 100 participants (62%). There was a significant increase in trials without FDA-defined phases ("Phase N/A") observed over time as a result of evolving trial designs, interventions and outcome types. Over 3,000 trials related to COVID-19 started in 2020 alone. Conclusions: ClinicalTrials.gov is a powerful tool that provides a window into the past, present, and future of the clinical research enterprise. Understanding characteristics and trends of trials can inform future trial design and clinical decision making.
Investigation of a Novel Ultrasonically Aided Electrochemical Magnetic Abrasive Machining Process for SS 316L
Authors: Farwaha Harnam Singh , Deepak Dharmpal , Brar Gurinder Singh
Published: March 2022

Many present day applications require machining and finishing of complex shaped and tough to machine materials with precision and accuracy by conventional or non-conventional machining and polishing processes. Ultrasonically aided electrochemical magnetic abrasive machining (UAEMAM) process is a novel non-conventional machining technique which can machine and finish the product for better surface quality. In present research work, the development and performance evaluation of UAEMAM process for machining of SS 316L is reported. The UAEMAM process is optimised using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) and grey relational analysis. The main machining variables such as work piece rotational speed, working gap, concentration of NaNO 3 , percentage of abrasives by weight and pulse on time were chosen to determine percentage improvement in surface finish improvement (PISF) and material removal rate (MRR) in the UAEMAM process. The significant machining factors and the best combination levels of machining parameters associated with PISF and MRR were determined. The benefits of ultrasonic aided electrochemical magnetic abrasive machining were also confirmed from the micrograph observations of the surface. Experimental results show that UAEMAM process is effective for machining and polishing components for better surface finish.
Phenological changes and effects of Populus euphratica under the background of climate change
Authors: zhao chunyan , He xiaohui , Qin Jie , Zhou Dong Meng
Published: March 2022

Phenology is a key indicator of climate change. We studied the phenological change of Populus euphratica during 1960–2019, and investigated the relationships between phenological change and climate change. The results showed that the annual average temperature in the Lower reaches of Heihe River was increased significantly over the past 58years, which directly led to the germination of Populus euphratica was advanced, and the leaf yellowing delayed. The growth season of Populus euphratica was significantly prolonged after 1990, and the mean growth season length were 230, 236, 245 days in 1960–1969,1990–1999,2010–2019, respectively. Temperature is the major environmental factor affecting phenological change, and the length of growing season was prolonged with the increase of annual average temperature and accumulated temperature. Phenological changes have an important effect on plant growth. Our study showed that the frost days of Populus euphratica increasing from 1990 to 2019, and the frost days was increased with the growth season length. The accumulated frost days were 19, 21, 23 days in 1990–1999, 2000–2009, 2009–2019. Our studies also indicated that phenological changes also affect socioeconomic, especially the delay of leaf yellow period maybe has an important impact on tourism due to the best viewing period is postponed. Our study of phenological change law and its relationships with climate changes could guide the government formulates tourism policies and help tourists to arrange best viewing time.
Whole-Exome Sequencing Identified Mutational Profiles of Urothelial Carcinoma post Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Lim Lee-Moay , Chung Wen-Yu , Hwang Daw-Yang , Yu Chih-Chuan , Ke Hung-Lung , Liang Peir-In , Lin Ting-Wei , Huang A-Mei , Kuo Hung-Tien
Published: March 2022

Background: Kidney transplantation is a lifesaving option of selected patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common de novo cancer after kidney transplantation in Taiwan. UC has the characteristics of high mutational burden and elevated degree of molecular heterogeneity compared with other solid tumors. However, there are limited research exploring the genomic alterations in UC after kidney transplantation. Methods: In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) to compare the genetic alterations between UC developed after kidney transplantation (UCKT) and UC from hemodialysis patients (UCHD). After mapping and variant calling, a total of 18,733 and 11,093 mutations were identified from UCKT and UCHD patients, respectively. We first excluded known SNPs and then retained genes that were annotated in Cosmic, Intogen, and TCGA bladder databases for onco-driver genes. Seventeen UCKT unique genes with recurrent SNPs in more than two patients were subjected for further analysis. IPA pathway analysis was used to explore the interconnections among these genes. Results: 17 novel mutations of BTK, CARD11, ELL, FNBP1, GNAQ, HOXD13, IKZF1, MAX, MLLT10, NTRK3, PAX5, SEPTIN6, SEPTIN9, SH3GL1, SLC34A2, TAL1 , and TRAF7 were identified UCKT groups, and none of the genes had been reported in the genomes of patients with UC. Among the affected genes, GNAQ, IKZF1, and NTRK3 were potentially involved in the signaling network of UCKT. Conclusion : Our findings provide information for understanding the mutational landscape of UC developed after kidney transplantation, and a gene list that may be of great importance in related molecular mechanisms. Genetic analysis in malignancy after transplantation may help to identify high risk patients in post-transplant care and also illuminate a fundamental aspect of the molecular pathogenesis of post-transplantation UC.
Impact of untethering of the spinal cord on urological management and antibiotic stewardship among spina bifida patients in Malaysia
Authors: Nisheljeet Singh , Azizi Abu Bakar , Palaniandy Kamalanathan , Ganesan Dharmendra , Ong Teng-Aik , Alias Azmi , Rajamanickam Ramalinggam , Atroosh Wahib Mohammed , Mohd-Zin Siti Waheeda , Lee-Shamsuddin Andrea , Nivrenjeet Singh , Abdul-Aziz Noraishah Mydin
Published: March 2022

Background
The incidence and severity of urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to spina bifida is poorly understood in Malaysia. Tethering of the spinal cord is a pathological fixation of the cord in the vertebral column that can result in neurogenic bladder dysfunction and other neurological problems. It occurs in patients with spina bifida and the authors of this study sought to determine the effects of untethering on the urological outcome of children with a tethered cord and thus identifying proper urological management for individuals with spina bifida.
Methods
Demographic and clinical data were collected via an online questionnaire and convenient sampling technique were used. 49 spina bifida individuals participated in this study.
Results
The diagnosis of UTIs is dependent on patients reporting cloudy and smelly urine (67%) and urine validation (60%). 18% of the respondents claimed to have been prescribed antibiotics even though they had no history of UTI. Indiscriminate prescription of antibiotics by healthcare workers further compounds the severity of UTI. Employing CISC (73%) including stringent usage of sterile catheters (71%) did not prevent patients from getting UTI. Overall, 33% of our respondents reported manageable control of UTI (0 – 35 years of age). All individuals below the age of 5 (n=14) had improved urological outcome due to the untethering surgery under the guidance of the Malaysia NTD support group.
Conclusion
Spina biﬁda individuals may procure healthy bladder and bowel continence for the rest of their lives provided that neurosurgical and urological treatment being instigated soon after birth and continuing into adulthood.
The systematical actions of Resveratrol against Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Network Target Prediction and Experimental Verification
Authors: Zhou Bo , Xu Zihan , Man Tengjun , Yi Yujuan , Tang Hong , Li Jia , Sun Zheng
Published: March 2022

In this study, we aimed to find the targets of resveratrol in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by network target prediction and investigate the possible mechanisms through experimental verification. Firstly, resveratrol and NPC-specific targets were combined with protein-protein interactions to construct a systematical resveratrol targets-NPC network. Consistently, molecular docking was performed to predict the molecular determinants of resveratrol against NPC. In order to clarify this point, the anti-cancer effects of resveratrol were investigated in the CNE2 cell lines in vitro and NPC cases in vivo. Functional enrichment results suggested that resveratrol played anti-NPC role mainly through MAPK pathway and the potential targets were MAPK1, MAPK3, STAT3, TP53, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, SRC, MAPK8, RELA and VEGFA. In vitro, resveratrol inhibited proliferation, invasion, migration and eventually induced apoptosis in CNE2 cells on time-and dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, western blot confirmed that resveratrol exerted apoptotic activity of NPC cells by inhibiting MAPK cell signaling activation. Clinically, Immuno-histochemical staining showed significant differential p-ERK1/2, p-JNK and p-P38 activation between tumor-surrounding and NPC cases. Altogether, our findings identified resveratrol could play potent inhibition and apoptosis on human NPC cells possibly by targeting MAPK pathways and suggested that resveratrol had the potential to be an effective bioactive compound in NPC patients.
Association analysis of IKZF4 gene with alopecia areata in Chinese Han population
Authors: Miao Ying , Hu Ruiming , Sheng Youyu , Qi Sisi , Yang Qinping
Published: March 2022

Background: The IKZF4 gene encodes Eos, a zinc finger transcription factor that belongs to the Ikarosfamily. High expression of Eos on Treg cells is important for the suppression of autoimmune responses and immune homeostasis. It has been suggested that the SNP in IKZF4 may influence the pathogenesis of AA.Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between IKZF4 polymorphism and AA in Chinese Han population.Materials and Methods: In this study, we examined 459 patients and 434 controls using HRM analysis and direct sequencing to assess.the rs1701704 polymorphism.. Results: The prevalence of the C/C, A/C and A/A genotypes was 7.4%, 37.5% and 55.1%, respectively. There were significant differences in genotype distribution and allele frequencies between AA and control group (p<0.0001). The frequency of C allele in AA group was significantly higher(p<0.0001), and the frequencies of C allele and C/C genotype in patients with family history were higher (p<0.0001;p=0.001;).Conclusions: The rs1701704 SNP of IKZF4 may be a genetic marker for assessing the risk of AA in Chinese Han population.
Therapeutic Effects of Jiedu Huoxue Decoction in Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Experimental Evidence
Authors: Pan Junqing , Hu Xiangjun , Zhang Sina , Yin Hongwei , Zhang Congzhong , Deng Siqiao , Liu Can , Yan Zhangren
Published: March 2022

Background: Jiedu Huoxue decoction (JDHXD) can be effectively alleviated chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) patients’ pelvic pain, lower urinary tract symptoms, and other discomforts. But its mechanism of action involving multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway is unclear. Objectives: Integrated strategy of network pharmacological prediction, molecular docking, and experimental validation elucidate potential mechanism of JDHXD in treating CP/CPPS.Study design and methods: Two traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology databases and three disease related databases were applied to identify the herbs active components and the putative targets of CP/CPPS. Using the Cytoscape to constructed and analysis the herbs-compounds-targets network. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) was investigated by STRING database. Using DAVID databases to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. The binding of core active compounds with hub targets were assessed by molecular docking. Furthermore, in vivo efficacy of JDHXD was validated in CP/CPPS rat model. The key signal pathway of network pharmacological prediction would be validated by animal experiment.Result: In total, 149 active compounds of 10 Chinese herbals and 909 potential CP/CPPS-related targets were identified. Network pharmacology revealed 161 common targets between 136 potential active compounds and CP/CPPS. After topology analysis, 5 core active compounds and 18 hub targets have been screened. PPI analysis obtained 18 hub targets. Based on enrichment analysis of 161 targets, we obtained GO function 277 items and KEGG pathway 114 items. Molecular docking verification shown that the top 5 hub targets were well binding with 5 core active compounds. Animal experiment shown that JDHXD had protective effect on CP/CPPS. JDHXD can significantly down-regulated the key gene expression (JNK, ERK1/2 and P38) and inhibit phosphorylation of ERK1/2，JNK and P38 in the MAPK signaling pathway.Conclusions: This study demonstrated potential mechanism of JDHXD in treating CP/CPPS. Network pharmacological, molecular docking and experimental verification revealed its multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway treatment characteristics. The reliability and effectiveness of those method are very helpful to explore the material basis and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.
Social learning disfavours the cultural evolution of altruistic punishment
Authors: Burton-Chellew Max , D'Amico Victoire
Published: March 2022

Could human cooperation be the result of evolution favouring groups where altruists punish non-altruists 1-4? While punishment can benefit groups through increased cooperation, it often costs more than it is worth, challenging group level explanations 1,5,6. We therefore tested if altruistic punishment could spread among groups via imitation (social learning) rather than direct competition. Groups observed either how punishment increased cooperation, or how it also decreased profits, in a previous experiment. Individuals then voted to either enable or disable all punishment. We found (1) that punishment was common, but most individuals voted to disable punishment and (2) observing how punishment affected payoffs drastically disfavoured punishment, and consequently cooperation. Our results contradict the hypothesis that humans have evolved to cooperate via cultural group selection favouring altruistic punishment 2,3,7-11.
An improved monkey model of myocardial ischemic infarction for cardiovascular drug development
Authors: Wang Keke , Han Pengfei , Huang Lu , Xiao Ying , Hou Jianglong , Yang Pingliang , Xie Yuping , Cai Jindan , Wang Hongge , Kang Y. James
Published: March 2022

Non-human primate monkey model of myocardial ischemic infarction is precious for translational medicine research. Ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery is the effective way to induce myocardial ischemic infarction. However, the consistency of the myocardial infarction thus generated remains problematic. The present study was undertaken to critically evaluate the monkey model of myocardial ischemic infarction to develop a procedure for a consistent cross-studies comparison. Forty male Rhesus monkeys were divided into 4 groups and subjected to LAD artery ligation at different levels along the artery. In addition, the major diagonal branch was selectively ligated parallel to the ligation site of the LAD artery according to the diagonal branch distribution. Analyses of MRI, echocardiography, cardiac hemodynamics, electrocardiography, histopathology, and cardiac injury biomarkers were undertaken to characterize the structural and functional alterations of monkeys with myocardial infarction. Ligation at 40% of the total length of the artery, measured from the apex end, produced variable infarct areas with inconsistent functional alterations. Ligation at 60% or above coupled with selective ligation of diagonal branches produced consistent myocardial infarction with uniformed dysfunction. However, ligation at 70% caused a lethal threat. After a thorough analysis, it is concluded that ligation at 60% of the total length coupled with selective ligation of diagonal branches, which enables standardization of the location of occlusion and the subsequent ischemic area, as well as avoids the influence of the diagonal branches, are ideal to produce a consistent monkey model of myocardial ischemic infarction.
A new scheme for calculating soil thermal diffusivity
Authors: Li Yujie , Gao Xiaoqing , Yang Liwei , Li Zhenchao , Zhou Ya
Published: March 2022

Land-atmosphere interaction is one of the important causes of climate change. The accurate characterization of physical mechanism of the soil layer can help us better understand the land-atmosphere interaction. As one of the important thermal properties of soil, soil thermal diffusivity is an important parameter reflecting soil thermal conductivity and a necessary condition for simulating soil thermodynamic environment. Based on the comparison of several methods for calculating soil thermal diffusivity (amplitude method, phase method, logarithmic method, arctangent method, Laplace method and numerical methods), this paper develops a new soil thermal diffusivity model (Thermal conduction-convection method based on Fourier series boundary condition for calculating soil thermal diffusivity, TCCMF) and compares the results of the new model with other methods. The results show that: (1) The accuracy of the results obtained by the amplitude method, phase method, logarithmic method, and arctangent method is not high enough; the Laplace method can better solve the effects of extreme weather or non-periodic changes in soil temperature. (2) When the numerical methods are used to solve the thermal conduction equation, the Crank-Nichalson-Sch format is unconditionally stable, the data utilization rate is higher, the obtained soil thermal diffusivity is less discrete, and the result is more accurate. (3) The new model (TCCMF) uses the Fourier series method, which is easy to calculate, and has more complete physical process and more flexible precision control. The simulation results of soil temperature using this method show that this method (TCCMF) has better simulation accuracy, indicating that it has potential value in simulating soil thermodynamic characteristics and land-atmosphere interaction.
Influence of Dorper lamb development from birth to 120 days of age on clinical and echocardiographic parameters
Authors: Aleixo Amanda Sarita Cruz , Ferreira Danilo Otávio Laurenti , Tsunemi Miriam Harumi , Chiacchio Simone Biagio , Lourenço Maria Lucia Gomes
Published: March 2022

The expansion of the sheep model in research represents an attractive and economically beneficial academic reason for investigations in sheep echocardiography. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic parameters in Dorper lambs during the developmental period. Emphasis was placed on the use of the species in translational research for the echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital heart diseases, which can contribute to improvements in interventionist techniques. Ten Dorper lambs were evaluated in the following periods: 24 hours after birth, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age. Clinical parameters were compiled and echocardiogram records were performed without sedation. From 21 days of age, the heart rate (HR) decreased with a difference between moments. The rectal temperature differed from 7 days, there was a gradual increase. Mean and systolic blood pressure differed, with the highest values at 90 and 120 days of age. The thickness of interventricular septum in diastole (SIVd) increased as age progressed, with the highest value at 120 days of age, and the same occurred for DIVEd (left ventricle diameter in diastole), PLVEd (left ventricular free wall thickness in diastole), SIVs (interventricular septum thickness in systole), DIVEs (left ventricle diameter in systole) and PLVEs (left ventricular free wall thickness in systole). There were differences in the size of the AE, Ao and AE/Ao ratio, which were greater at 90 days and 120 days of age. Echocardiographic changes accompany the development of lambs, where changes in echocardiographic parameters are evident with advancing age.
Arbutin-Modified Microspheres Prevent Osteoarthritis Progression by Mobilizing Local Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Responses
Authors: Jin Jiale , Liu Yang , Jiang Chao , Shen Yifan , Chu Guangyu , Liu Can , Jiang Lejian , Huang Guanrui , Qin Yifang , Zhang Yijian , Zhang Chi , Wang Yue
Published: March 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA), a common chronic degenerative disease, is considered the leading cause of disability worldwide. However, the current clinical treatments for OA are still unsatisfactory. Arbutin (ARB) is a major active ingredient of the Chinese medicinal herb cowberry leaf, which exerts potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Based on a microfluid platform, we fabricated ARB-loaded gelatine methacryloyl-Liposome (GM-Lipo@ARB) microspheres that showed long-term release and excellent cartilage-targeting effects. The ARB-loaded microspheres effectively reduced the inflammatory response in interleukin (IL)-1β-treated arthritic chondrocytes. Moreover, GM-Lipo@ARB microspheres regulated cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-associated antioxidant properties. Intraarticular injection of GM-Lipo@ARB microspheres alleviated cartilage erosion in the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-mediated mouse OA model. Our results indicated that ARB-modified microspheres prevented cartilage degeneration by not only inhibiting the inflammatory reaction but also mitigating oxidative stress. This study proposes a novel ARB-laden functional microsphere for treating OA through the mobilization of local anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses.
Self-rotating string loop’s overall state in vacuum and microgravity
Authors: Ma Hongzhi , Lan Ding , Zhai Sihan
Published: March 2022

A flexible string loop possesses a certain degree of rigidity when it moves. Based on this intriguing property, overall states of a string loop when it self-rotates driven by friction and when the whole is moved by a control end in vacuum and microgravity are investigated theoretically. When the string loop self-rotates, tension is uniformly distributed along the longitudinal direction of the string. At the same time, the shape is unknown under the current theoretical framework. When the string loop is moved as a whole, an expression of lateral stiffness is proposed, and limit conditions of translation acceleration, rotational angular velocity and rotational included angle that require to be imposed to control lateral force and deformation are put forward. This research is conducive to the development of control technology of string loops, and further is hopeful to be applied to projects such as debris capture and tethered satellites in space.
Bioplastic Design using Multitask Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Kuenneth Christopher , Lalonde Jessica , Marrone Babetta , Iverson Carl , Ramprasad Rampi , Pilania Ghanshyam
Published: March 2022

Non-degradable plastic waste stays for decades on land and in water, jeopardizing our environment; yet our modern lifestyle and current technologies are impossible to sustain without plastics. Bio-synthesized and biodegradable alternatives such as the polymer family of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have the potential to replace large portions of the world's plastic supply with cradle-to-cradle materials, but their chemical complexity and diversity limit traditional resource-intensive experimentation. In this work, we develop multitask deep neural network property predictors using available experimental data for a diverse set of nearly 23000 homo- and copolymer chemistries. Using the predictors, we identify 14 PHA-based bioplastics from a search space of almost 1.4 million candidates which could serve as potential replacements for seven petroleum-based commodity plastics that account for 75% of the world's yearly plastic production. We discuss possible synthesis routes for these identified promising materials. The developed multitask polymer property predictors are made available as a part of the Polymer Genome project at https://PolymerGenome.org.
KORHN risk score for early neuroprognostication in cardiac arrest patients
Authors: Choi Wook Jin , Lee Jae Hoon , Jang Tae Chang , Oh Sang Hoon , Im Jee Yong
Published: March 2022

Background:Early prediction of poor neurologic outcomes in patients who have recovered spontaneous circulation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is the important process that can help family relatives choose a course of treatment. This study aimed to create a scoring tool that could predict an early poor prognosis of comatose survivors from OHCA upon admission and to compare the prognostic value with existing models (MIRACLE, TTM, CAHP, C-GRApH, and OHCA scores).Methods:Using a cohort from the Korean Hypothermia Network (KORHN) registry in Korea, numerous variables including basic demographics, resuscitation, and post-resuscitation were extracted from 1,371 out of 10,258 OHCA patients. Variables for prognostication were analyzed, and the KORHN risk score was developed from the adjustment of scores through cubic spline plots. The performance of the score was compared with five staple risk scores.Results:Eight variables for predicting a poor neurologic outcome were identified: low flow time, heart rate/diastolic arterial pressure, noncardiac cause, unreactive pupil reflex, nonshockable rhythm, GCS motor, epinephrine use, and age (adjusted odds ratios 4.287, 3.523, 3.438, 3.393, 3.087, 2.614, 2.526, and 2.419, respectively). The KORHN score showed higher area under the curve values (0.925 and 0.914) than previous risk scores with whole variables (0.827–0.902) and the leading five variables (0.85–0.903).Conclusions:The KORHN score is a simple tool for the neuroprognostication of OHCA patients during admission. This study confirmed that the KORHN score is a good alternative to the existing scoring models in predicting poor neurological outcomes from OHCA patients.Trial registration:KORHN-PRO, NCT02827422. Registered 11 September 2016 – Retrospectively registered.
Changes in the mental wellbeing among Nigerians due to Ramadan intermittent fasting: A nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Sulaiman Sahabi Kabir , Tsiga-Ahmed Fatimah Isma’il , Arora Teresa , Faris MoezAlIslam E , Musa Muhammad Sale , Kareem Yesir Adeyemi , Dayyab Farouq Muhammad , Hussein Aminu , Sale Shehu , Khan Moien AB
Published: March 2022

This study examined mental wellbeing and associated factors among Nigerian adults who observed Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online study was conducted among 770 adult Nigerians who observed RIF. Using pre-tested, web-based questionnaires, data about mental wellbeing (depression, anxiety), spirituality, and intrinsic religiosity were collected using validated generalised anxiety disorder-2 (GAD-2) and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), four-item spiritual wellbeing index (4-ISWBI) and the Muslim intrinsic religiosity questionnaire. Respondents' mental wellbeing before and during Ramadan was compared. The factors associated with the feeling of depression and anxiety were determined using multinomial regression analysis. When compared to mental wellbeing prior to Ramadan, observing RIF by Nigerian adults were associated with improved mental wellbeing.
Single Nucleotide Mutation Changes the Capability of CCN3 in Osteosarcoma Cell Invasion and Differentiation
Authors: Yan Xuejing , Fu Xin , Xu Yuqiao , Zhu Ning , Qiu Chuan , Bu Mengmeng , Shen Yan , Yan Wei , Chen Meihong
Published: March 2022

Background: This study is designed to identify the significant mutations in CCN3 gene in osteosarcoma and explore its influence in cell invasion and differentiation and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Sanger sequencing was applied to identify CCN3 gene sequence in human osteosarcoma cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and osteosarcoma tissue. Wildtype and mutant CCN3 (mCCN3) were ectopically expressed by lentivirus in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Tumor cell invasion was measured by Trans-well assay. Osteogenic differentiation was induced by osteogenic differentiating medium, and evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) and osteocalcin expression. Western blotting was used to detect the protein level of CCN3 and mCCN3 in cytoplasmic, nuclear and secreted fractions of the cells. Results: A G to A single nucleotide mutation in coding region of CCN3 was found in both osteosarcoma cell and tissue. The frequency of this mutation in osteosarcoma tissue was much higher than that in para-carcinoma tissue and PBMC of healthy people. This nucleotide mutation decreased the nuclear glycosylated protein level of CCN3, and affected osteosarcoma cell invasion and differentiation. The lower nuclear ratio of glycosylated/non-glycosylated isoforms and the function change accounted for the different behavior of mCCN3 from that of CCN3. Conclusion: The G to A mutation identified in CCN3 resulted in differential glycosylated full length protein level and altered the function role of CCN3 in osteosarcoma cell invasion and differentiation.
The prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in postoperative recurrence of retroperitoneal liposarcoma: a single center retrospective study
Authors: Shi Hongcheng , Lang Juntao , Liu Wenshuai , Liu Guobing , Liu Siwei , Zhang Yiqiu
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Recurrence is the main cause of tumor-related death of retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLPS). Different recurrence pattern was determined by variant subtype of retroperitoneal liposarcoma which displayed diverse presentations on 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). This study aims to analyze the characteristics of different histologic subtypes of RPLPS on 18F-FDG PET/CT and their associations with recurrence and prognosis.Methods: Clinical-pathological information, 18F-FDG PET/CT, recurrence and progression free survivals (PFS) of 83 patients with RPLPS were collected. Maximum, and peak standardized uptake value (SUVmax and SUVpeak, respectively) and mean CT value (CTmean) of tumors were measured; their correlations with histologic subtype were analyzed. The predictability of SUVmax and CTmean for histologic subtype was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. ROC curve was also performed to analyze the predictive value of SUVmax and peak SUV (SUVpeak) for recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to analyze whether SUVmax and SUVpeak were risk factors for recurrence. Results: Regarding the histology, 30.1% patients were well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS), 56.6% patients were dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS), 12.0% patients were myxoid/round cell liposarcoma(MLPS), and 1.2% patients were pleomorphic liposarcoma (PMLPS). SUVmax of DDLPS were significantly higher than those of WDLPS (P < 0.001) and MLPS(P = 0.001). CTmean of WDLPS was significantly lower than those of MLPS (P = 0.001) and DDLPS (P < 0.001). ROC curve suggested 5.1 as an approximate cutoff value of SUVmax for distinguishing DDLPS from non-DDLPS (sensitivity = 76.8%, specificity = 88.0%), and 12.3Hu as cutoff value of CTmean for distinguishing WDLPS from non-WDLPS (sensitivitty = 94.1%, specificity = 54.5%). When the cut-off values of SUVmax and SUVpeak were set at 10.7 and 6.9 respectively, the maximum performances for predicting recurrence were obtained. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that histologic subtype, SUVmax, and SUVpeak were risk factors that associated with recurrence-free survival (P = 0.02, ＜0.001, and 0.001, respectively).Conclusions: The SUV value and CT features on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging may increase the confidence in diagnosis and subtype distinguish of RPLPS. When inflammatory liposarcoma was excluded, patients with SUVmax > 10.7 or SUVpeak > 6.9 suggest a poor prognosis.