bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy of current treatments for high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Yuxuan , Liu Zhifu , Mulati Yelin , Yao Kaifeng , Jin Jie , He Zhisong , Fan Yu
Published: July 2024

Background

Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated a significant survival benefit of novel treatment regimens compared with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), especially in high-volume disease (HVD, CHAARTED defined). As an influence on poor prognosis, the treatment for patients with HVD, especially visceral metastasis (VM) needed to be distinguished from mHSPC. This study was conducted to rank the treatment options for patients with HVD and VM, respectively, according to the latest data.

Methods

We synthesized current evidence based on well-designed RCTs. Only phase III trials were included. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted by using R-4.2.3, and the pooled hazard ratio (HR) of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) with a 95% credible interval (CI) were calculated. Note that the definitions of PFS were various. The ranking plots were generated. OR of adverse events was also calculated and presented. This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023416334).

Results

Eleven RCTs were included through Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane. In HVD patients, all combination therapies can improve OS and PFS. Among them, The HR for Darolutamide (Daro) + Docetaxel (Doc) + androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was most significant over ADT in both OS and PFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39–0.63; HR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.19–0.31). In patients with visceral metastasis, adding novel hormonal agents (NHAs) to ADT showed better survival outcome. But in analysis of treatment ranking, not alike the outcome of high-volume disease, Doc + ADT seems ranked higher than other NHA + ADT. Almost all combination therapies lead to more grade ≥ 3 adverse events.

Conclusion

Triplet therapy achieved the best effect on both HVD and visceral metastasis with a tolerable adverse effect. In HVD, our findings demonstrated that any NHA, Docetaxel or triplet combination therapy was superior to ADT alone. Ranking of combination therapy differs between patients with HVD and visceral metastases. In patients with visceral metastasis, chemotherapy has a higher priority than novel hormonal agents. Abiraterone's efficacy ranked better compared to other NHAs but still worse than docetaxel. The sensitivity treatments of bicalutamide versus placebo lead to diversity of results.
Formulation of prebiotic, low glycemic index millet soups using foxtail, barnyard and kodo millet
Authors: Peerkhan Nazni , Pandey Madan , Bhandari Yosha
Published: July 2024

Optimization of foxtail, barnyard, and kodo millet, was carried out to formulate millet soup mix by adopting a mixture design. The physico chemical parameters such as pH, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), viscosity, color values (L*, a*, b*), quality characteristics such as soluble, insoluble total fiber, reducing sugar, total phenolic content, and various sensory parameters such as appearance, colour, aroma, taste, and overall acceptability were recorded to assess the effect of selected above three millets on the reconstituted millet soups. Optimization was done and a polynomial model was developed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) relating to total fiber, antioxidant activity, prebiotic activity score, glycemic index and overall acceptability of the millet soups. Results revealed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) observed in the in the pH, TSS, viscosity among ten variations of millet soups. Similar statistical significance (p < 0.05) was noticed in the colour values. Quality characters such as reducing sugar, insoluble, and soluble dietary fiber values were also found to be different between the ten millet soup variations. Highest value of total phenolic content was recorded in MS6 variation with 7.5 gm of barnyard and 7.5 gm kodo millet flour in the millet soup. The overlay plots were used to attain the optimum formulation for the millet soups related to total dietary fiber, antioxidant activity, prebiotic score, glycemic index and overall acceptability which created the yellow region based on the optimized value. The results revealed that the optimum values for the predicted responses were 5.65 g, 24.96%, 0.36, 41.85, 7.65 for the total dietary fiber, antioxidant activity, prebiotic score, glycemic index and overall acceptability, respectively, which was attained from the optimum mixture of 2.14 gm foxtail millet flour, 5.76 gm barnyard millet flour, and 7.11 gm kodo millet flour. From the results the optimized millet soup can be categorized as low glycemic soup (GI < 55) with good prebiotic activity.
Online Learning Based on Learning Analytics in Big Data for College English Language Teaching
Authors: Liu Xuesong
Published: July 2024

This study addresses the challenges of enhancing the quality of education and improving the overall student experience in online English language teaching sessions. Current approaches often struggle with session initiation, real-time data processing, and personalized learning experiences. To tackle these issues, the study proposes a manifold learning data analytics model (MLDAM). This innovative method leverages classifier tree learning to distinguish between trivial and non-trivial aspects of student learning experiences and session data. MLDAM integrates multi-dimensional data extraction, classification learning, and impact evaluation to enhance the effectiveness of online English language teaching. The model analyzes data from 176,009 English phrases across 36 online teaching sessions, focusing on improving session accessibility, student comprehension, and suggestion accuracy. Using an iterative training process based on student performance and feedback, it continuously extracts and processes multiple types of data to refine teaching strategies. Results show notable improvements: a 14.74% increase in classification accuracy, an 8.73% increase in data extraction ratio, an 11.84% reduction in feature discard, a 10.57% decrease in initialization time, and a 13.17% reduction in classification time. These metrics demonstrate MLDAM’s ability to efficiently process and analyze session data, enabling real-time adjustments during lessons. The model optimizes data utilization, making learning more responsive and adaptable. It enhances the precision of impact evaluations, facilitating targeted course adjustments and personalized learning experiences. This research presents a comprehensive, data-driven methodology for improving teaching quality and student outcomes in virtual English classrooms.
Porosity Prediction Based on Ensemble Learning for Feature Selection and an Optimized GRU Improved by the PSO Algorithm
Authors: Liu Miaomiao , Xu Haoran , Zhao Fengda , Zhang Qiang , Jia Ying , Xi Jiahao
Published: July 2024

Accurate and reliable prediction of porosity forms the foundational basis for evaluating reservoir quality, which is essential for the systematic deployment of oil and gas exploration and development plans. When data quality of samples is low, and critical model parameters are typically determined through subjective experience, resulting in diminished accuracy and reliability of porosity prediction methods utilizing gated recurrent units (GRU), a committee-voting ensemble learning (EL) method, and an enhanced particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm are proposed to optimize the GRU-based porosity prediction model. Initially, outliers are eliminated through box plots and the min–max normalization is applied to enhance data quality. To address issues related to model accuracy and high training costs arising from dimensional complexity, substantial noise, and redundant information in logging data, a committee-voting EL strategy based on four feature selection algorithms is introduced. Following data preprocessing, this approach is employed to identify logging parameters highly correlated with porosity, thereby furnishing the most pertinent data samples for the GRU model, mitigating constraints imposed by single-feature selection methods. Second, an improved PSO algorithm is suggested to tackle challenges associated with low convergence accuracy stemming from random population initialization, alongside the absence of global optimal solutions due to overly rapid particle movement during iteration. This algorithm uses a good-point set for population initialization and incorporates a compression factor to devise an adaptive velocity updating strategy, thereby enhancing search efficacy. The enhanced PSO algorithm’s superiority is substantiated through comparison with four alternative swarm intelligent algorithms across 10 benchmark test functions. Ultimately, optimal hyper-parameters for the GRU model are determined using the improved PSO algorithm, thereby minimizing the influence of human factors. Experimental findings based on approximately 15,000 logging data points from well A01 in an operational field validate that, relative to three other deep learning methodologies, the proposed model proficiently extracts spatiotemporal features from logging data, yielding enhanced accuracy in porosity prediction. The mean squared error on the test set was 7.19 × 10–6, the mean absolute error stood at 0.0082, and coefficient of determination reached 0.99, offering novel insights for predicting reservoir porosity.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia: the first reported case diagnosed by immunophenotyping in Mozambique
Authors: Mongo Edson , Matola Felismina , Sigaúque Adérito , Monteiro Vânia , Guiliche Onélia , Babetine Teresa , Manhique-Coutinho Lena , Mutchamua Juliana , Dias Angelina , Mutsaka Dadirayi , Decroo Tom , Gils Tinne , Mudenyanga Chishamiso , Amodo Faizana , Terra-Granado Eugênia , Chissumba Raquel Matavele
Published: July 2024

Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), often present with severe leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia, which may lead to symptoms that require prompt diagnosis and treatment. Immunophenotyping combined with cytomorphology is a valuable tool for identifying APL patients. We describe the case of a 9-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with APL in July 2022 using immunophenotyping combined with cytomorphology. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and is now in full remission in the maintenance phase. This case demonstrated the importance of timely differential diagnosis using the correct tools, allowing inclusion in the appropriate treatment protocol.
Influences of Space Weather Forecasting Uncertainty on Satellite Conjunction Assessment
Authors: Parker William E. , Freeman Mervyn , Chisham Gareth , Kavanagh Andrew , Mun Siew Peng , Rodriguez‐Fernandez Victor , Linares Richard
Published: July 2024

A significant increase in the number of anthropogenic objects in Earth orbit has necessitated the development of satellite conjunction assessment and collision avoidance capabilities for new spacecraft. Neutral mass density variability in the thermosphere, driven by enhanced geomagnetic activity and solar EUV absorption, is a major source of satellite propagation error. This work investigates the impacts of space weather driver forecasting uncertainty on satellite drag and collision avoidance maneuver decision‐making. Since most operational space weather driver forecasts do not offer an uncertainty assessment, the satellite operator community is left to make dangerous assumptions about the trustworthiness of the forecast models they use to perform satellite state propagation. Climatological persistence‐based forecast models are developed for F10.7 and Kp. These models accurately capture the heteroscedastic and, at times, highly non‐Gaussian uncertainty distribution on forecasts of the drivers of interest. A set of realistic satellite conjunction scenarios is simulated to demonstrate the contributions of space weather driver forecast uncertainty on the probability of collision and maneuver decisions. Improved driver forecasts, especially forecasts of F10.7, are demonstrated to be very useful for enabling durable maneuver decisions with additional lead time (up to 24 hr for the period examined), though the improvement depends on the specific conjunction scenario of interest.
Vasa vasorum enhancement on optical coherence tomography in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Kakimoto Nobuyuki , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Taruya Akira , Takeuchi Takashi , Suenaga Tomohiro , Tsuchihashi Tomoya , Suzuki Takayuki , Shibuta Shoichi , Ino Yasushi , Tanaka Atsushi , Tokuhara Daisuke
Published: July 2024

Background

Patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) prone to develop coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) with unknown etiology. We aimed to disclose the relationship between vasa vasorum (VV) and intimal thickening using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in KD.

Methods

Forty-three coronary artery branches of 21 patients with KD were examined by OCT. The coronary arteries were classified into three groups: the CAA group (n = 9) in which CAAs remained since the acute phase, the regressed group (n = 16) in which CAAs were regressed, and the no CAA group (n = 18). The number and distribution of VV, and intimal thickening in coronary arteries were evaluated on OCT.

Results

Intimal thickening was significantly more severe in the CAA and regressed groups than in the no CAA group (median: 481, 474, and 218 μm, p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The number of VV in the regressed group was significantly higher than that in the CAA and no CAA groups. The numbers of adventitial VV and internal VV were positively correlated with the intimal thickness (R = 0.64, p < 0.001; R = 0.62, p < 0.001, respectively). In the no CAA group, no internal VV were observed.

Conclusions

VV enhances according to intimal thickening, suggesting that VV may have some link to the healing process, such as CAA regression and intimal thickening.

Impact

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis syndrome developing coronary artery aneurysm, however its etiology still remains unclear. Coronary artery imaging using optical coherence tomography (OCT) can reveal coronary arterial wall pathology, however OCT studies are limited in patients with KD.

Using OCT, we disclosed the closed relationship between vasa vasorum enhancement and regressed coronary arterial lesions.

Vasa vasorum enhancement is involved in the pathomechanism of the convalescent phase of KD.
Long noncoding RNA profiling unveils LINC00960 as unfavorable prognostic biomarker promoting triple negative breast cancer progression
Authors: Elango Ramesh , Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji , Rashid Sameera , Al-Sarraf Reem , Akhtar Mohammed , Ouararhni Khalid , Alajez Nehad M.
Published: July 2024

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in breast cancer pathogenesis, including Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) subtype. Identifying the lncRNA expression patterns across different breast cancer subtypes could provide valuable insights into their potential utilization as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we profiled lncRNA expression in 96 breast cancer cases, revealing significant differences compared to normal breast tissue. Variations across breast cancer subtypes, including Hormone Receptor-positive (HR + ), HER2-positive (HER2 + ), HER2 + HR + , and TNBC, as well as in relation to tumor grade and patients’ age at diagnosis were observed. TNBC and HER2+ subtypes showed distinct clustering, while HER2 + HR+ tumors clustered closer to HR+ tumors based on their lncRNA profiles. Our data identified numerous enriched lncRNAs in TNBC, notably the elevated expression of LINC00960, which was subsequently validated in two additional datasets. Analysis of LINC00960 expression in an independent TNBC cohort (n = 360) revealed elevated expression of LINC00960 to correlate with cell movement, invasion, proliferation, and migration functional categories. Depletion of LINC00960 significantly reduced TNBC cell viability, colony formation, migration, and three-dimensional growth, while increasing cell death. Mechanistically, transcriptomic profiling of LINC00960-depleted cells confirmed its tumor-promoting role, likely through sponging of hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-16-5p, and hsa-miR-183-5p, leading to the upregulation of cancer-promoting genes including BMI1, KRAS, and AKT3. Our findings highlight the distinct lncRNA expression patterns in breast cancer subtypes and underscore the crucial role for LINC00960 in promoting TNBC pathogenesis, suggesting its potential utilization as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
Evidence of dark oxygen production at the abyssal seafloor
Authors: Sweetman Andrew K. , Smith Alycia J. , de Jonge Danielle S. W. , Hahn Tobias , Schroedl Peter , Silverstein Michael , Andrade Claire , Edwards R. Lawrence , Lough Alastair J. M. , Woulds Clare , Homoky William B. , Koschinsky Andrea , Fuchs Sebastian , Kuhn Thomas , Geiger Franz , Marlow Jeffrey J.
Published: July 2024

Deep-seafloor organisms consume oxygen, which can be measured by in situ benthic chamber experiments. Here we report such experiments at the polymetallic nodule-covered abyssal seafloor in the Pacific Ocean in which oxygen increased over two days to more than three times the background concentration, which from ex situ incubations we attribute to the polymetallic nodules. Given high voltage potentials (up to 0.95 V) on nodule surfaces, we hypothesize that seawater electrolysis may contribute to this dark oxygen production.
A foundation model for clinical-grade computational pathology and rare cancers detection
Authors: Vorontsov Eugene , Bozkurt Alican , Casson Adam , Shaikovski George , Zelechowski Michal , Severson Kristen , Zimmermann Eric , Hall James , Tenenholtz Neil , Fusi Nicolo , Yang Ellen , Mathieu Philippe , van Eck Alexander , Lee Donghun , Viret Julian , Robert Eric , Wang Yi Kan , Kunz Jeremy D. , Lee Matthew C. H. , Bernhard Jan H. , Godrich Ran A. , Oakley Gerard , Millar Ewan , Hanna Matthew , Wen Hannah , Retamero Juan A. , Moye William A. , Yousfi Razik , Kanan Christopher , Klimstra David S. , Rothrock Brandon , Liu Siqi , Fuchs Thomas J.
Published: July 2024

The analysis of histopathology images with artificial intelligence aims to enable clinical decision support systems and precision medicine. The success of such applications depends on the ability to model the diverse patterns observed in pathology images. To this end, we present Virchow, the largest foundation model for computational pathology to date. In addition to the evaluation of biomarker prediction and cell identification, we demonstrate that a large foundation model enables pan-cancer detection, achieving 0.95 specimen-level area under the (receiver operating characteristic) curve across nine common and seven rare cancers. Furthermore, we show that with less training data, the pan-cancer detector built on Virchow can achieve similar performance to tissue-specific clinical-grade models in production and outperform them on some rare variants of cancer. Virchow’s performance gains highlight the value of a foundation model and open possibilities for many high-impact applications with limited amounts of labeled training data.
Additively manufactured, long, serpentine submillimeter channels by combining binder jet printing and liquid-phase sintering
Authors: Do Truong , Suen Hawke , Mehboudi Aryan , Bauder Tyler , Rudolf Christopher , Kwon Patrick , Yeom Junghoon
Published: July 2024

Metallic microfluidic devices made from powder-bed additive manufacturing systems have received increasing attention, but their feasible channel geometry and complexity are often limited by lack of an effective approach to removing trapped powder particles within the channels or conduits of the sintered parts. Here, we present an innovative approach to fabricating long serpentine, high-aspect-ratio submillimeter channels made of stainless steel 316L (SS) by binder jet printing (BJP) and liquid-phase sintering. We leverage the unique nature of the BJP process, that is printing and consolidation steps are decoupled, enabling us to join two or more parts during the sintering step. Instead of constructing the channel device as a single part, we print multiple parts for easy powder removal and later join them to form enclosed channels. The key innovation lies in adding sintering additives like boron nitrides (BN) to the SS stock powder—at the SS/BN interfaces, liquid phase is locally generated at temperature much lower than the SS melting temperature, facilitating the bonding of the multiple parts as well as the consolidation of parts for near-full density. We systematically vary the sintering temperature to show how it affects the joining quality and the channel shape distortion. The joining quality such as the fracture strengths of the joined samples is measured by a pull test while the shape distortion is characterized by various imaging techniques. The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated by fabricating a 400-mm-long, fully enclosed serpentine channel with a rectangular cross-section of 0.5 mm in width and 1.8 mm in height. The pressure drop across this 3D-printed SS serpentine channels is measured for air flow and compared to a standard gas flow model, showing that the device is free of leakage or clogs.
Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid improved resistance against Spodoptera frugiperda Infestation in maize by modulating growth and regulating redox homeostasis
Authors: Kanwal Bilqees , Tanwir Samina , Ahmad Farooq , Ahmad Jam Nazeer
Published: July 2024

Exploring host plant resistance and elevating plant defense mechanisms through the application of exogenous elicitors stands as a promising strategy for integrated pest management. The fall armyworm, a pernicious menace to grain crops in tropical and subtropical regions, stands as a formidable threat due to its capacity for devastation and a wide-ranging spectrum of host plants. There is no literature regarding artificially induced resistance in maize against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) by exogenous application of phytohormones. The present investigation was performed to evaluate the role of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) on two maize hybrids namely FH-1046 and YH-1898 against fall armyworm. Results showed that plant height, biomass and lengths, fresh and dry weight of root shoot which decreased with armyworm infestation improved with phytohormonal application. JA treatment resulted in a higher increase in all attributes as compared to SA treatment. Improvement in relative water contents, photosynthetic pigments and pronounced levels of phenol and proline accumulation were observed in infested plants after JA treatment. Infested plants recovered from oxidative stress as JA application activated and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in both FH-1046 and YH-1898 . The oxidative stress reduction in infested plants after JA treatment was also evident from a fair decrease in MDA and H2O2 in both varieties. The SA and JA mediated genes expression was studied and it was found that in FH1046 maize cultivar, JA dependent genes, particularly marker genes PR1 and Lox5 were highly expressed along with TPS10 and BBT12. Whereas SPI, WRKY28, ICS and PAL were shown to be activated upon SA application. Evidently, both JA and SA elicited a robust defensive response within the maize plants against the voracious S. frugiperda, which in consequence exerted a discernible influence over the pest's developmental trajectory and physiological dynamics. A decrease in detoxification enzyme activity of the insects was observed after feeding on treated plants. Moreover, it was recorded that the survival and weight gain of FAW feeding on phytohormone treated maize plants also decelerated. In conclusion, FH-1046 was found to be more tolerant than YH-1898 against fall armyworm infestation and 1 mM JA was more effective than 1 mM SA for alleviation of fall armyworm stress. Therefore, it was inferred that phytohormones regulated redox homeostasis to circumvent oxidative damage and mediate essential metabolic events in maize under stress. To our current understanding, this study is the very first presentation of induced resistance in maize against S. frugiperda with the phytohormonal application (JA and SA).
Autonomous artificial intelligence for diabetic eye disease increases access and health equity in underserved populations
Authors: Huang Jane J. , Channa Roomasa , Wolf Risa M. , Dong Yiwen , Liang Mavis , Wang Jiangxia , Abramoff Michael D. , Liu T. Y. Alvin
Published: July 2024

Diabetic eye disease (DED) is a leading cause of blindness in the world. Annual DED testing is recommended for adults with diabetes, but adherence to this guideline has historically been low. In 2020, Johns Hopkins Medicine (JHM) began deploying autonomous AI for DED testing. In this study, we aimed to determine whether autonomous AI implementation was associated with increased adherence to annual DED testing, and how this differed across patient populations. JHM primary care sites were categorized as “non-AI” (no autonomous AI deployment) or “AI-switched” (autonomous AI deployment by 2021). We conducted a propensity score weighting analysis to compare change in adherence rates from 2019 to 2021 between non-AI and AI-switched sites. Our study included all adult patients with diabetes (>17,000) managed within JHM and has three major findings. First, AI-switched sites experienced a 7.6 percentage point greater increase in DED testing than non-AI sites from 2019 to 2021 (p < 0.001). Second, the adherence rate for Black/African Americans increased by 12.2 percentage points within AI-switched sites but decreased by 0.6% points within non-AI sites (p < 0.001), suggesting that autonomous AI deployment improved access to retinal evaluation for historically disadvantaged populations. Third, autonomous AI is associated with improved health equity, e.g. the adherence rate gap between Asian Americans and Black/African Americans shrank from 15.6% in 2019 to 3.5% in 2021. In summary, our results from real-world deployment in a large integrated healthcare system suggest that autonomous AI is associated with improvement in overall DED testing adherence, patient access, and health equity.
Quadrupolar NMR crystallography guided crystal structure prediction (QNMRX-CSP)
Authors: Peach Austin A. , Fleischer Carl H. , Levin Kirill , Holmes Sean T. , Sanchez Jazmine E. , Schurko Robert W.
Published: July 2024

35Cl (I = 3/2) solid-state NMR data is used in a nascent quadrupolar NMR crystallographic protocol, dubbed QNMRX-CSP, for the structural prediction, refinement, and validation of organic HCl salts.
A multi-biocatalytic system for effective fumarate synthesis from pyruvate and gaseous CO2
Authors: Takeuchi Mika , Amao Yutaka
Published: July 2024

Fumarate synthesis from gaseous CO2 and pyruvate in an aqueous medium using a multi-biocatalytic system consisting of pyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase and fumarase in the presence of ATP and NADH is developed.
Supported gel slab scaffolds as a three-dimensional cell-based assay platform
Authors: Sitte Zachary R. , Karlsson Elizabeth E. , Larson Tyler S. , Li Haolin , Zhou Haibo , Lockett Matthew R.
Published: July 2024

Supported gel slab (SGS) scaffolds provide tissue-like environments to better predict in vivo cellular responses to drugs and external stimuli. These scaffolds are easily prepared, modular in design, and compatible with many cell-based applications.
Enhanced CO2 conversion in dielectric barrier discharge plasma coupled with a heterojunction photocatalyst
Authors: Feng Xiao , Cao Lefei , Fu Chengfan , Qi Fei , Zhang Nan , Pu Yayun , Liang Zhiyu , Tang Xiaosheng , Huang Qiang
Published: July 2024

The CO2 conversion efficiency was boosted by the synergistic effect of the dielectric barrier discharge plasma and heterojunction photocatalyst.
Phosphorus-doped Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets enabling ambient NH3 synthesis with high current densities
Authors: Qi Yuchuan , Hou Xianghua , He Ziying , He Fan , Wei Tianran , Meng Ge , Hu Huihui , Liu Qian , Hu Guangzhi , Liu Xijun
Published: July 2024

In this work, nitrate reduction to ammonia was achieved using P-doped Ti3C2Tx nanosheets. Impressively, this catalyst showed ampere-level nitrate reduction in a flow cell, implying its potential for sustainable ammonia production.
Perspective: intrinsic interactions of metal ions with biological molecules as studied by threshold collision-induced dissociation and infrared multiple photon dissociation
Authors: Armentrout P. B.
Published: July 2024

Threshold collision-induced dissociation (TCID) and infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy are used to examine complexes of metal mono- and dications with amino acids and peptides. Trends in the results are elucidated.
A wide angle broadband solar absorber with a horizontal multi-cylinder structure based on an MXene material
Authors: Li Yuchang , Chen Fang , Yang Wenxing , Ke Shaolin
Published: July 2024

We designed an absorber based on an MXene metamaterial with a simple structure, an ultrawide band (300–5000 nm) and high absorption performance (98.44%).
Fine particulate air pollution estimation in Ouagadougou using satellite aerosol optical depth and meteorological parameters
Authors: Amooli Joe Adabouk , Hackman Kwame Oppong , Nana Bernard , Westervelt Daniel M.
Published: July 2024

Framework for analysis of PM2.5 estimates.
Development of di-arylated 1,2,4-triazole-based derivatives as therapeutic agents against breast cancer: synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Deb Mousumi , Singh Hoshiyar , Manhas Diksha , Nandi Utpal , Guru Santosh K. , Das Parthasarathi
Published: July 2024

The most potent derivative (4q, IC50 = 4.8 μM) of the newly synthesized diarylated 1,2,4-triazole series displays several hallmarks of apoptosis in the MCF-7 breast cancer cells and favourable metabolic stability in diverse liver microsomes.
A theoretical study on application of BN/CC isosterism to modify topology of coronene aromaticity and HOMO–LUMO energy gaps
Authors: Baranac-Stojanović Marija , Stojanović Milovan , Aleksić Jovana
Published: July 2024

A gradual replacement of peripheral CC bonds of coronene with BN ones can isolate aromatic carbocyclic subunits that dominate frontier orbital shapes and energies, thus enabling their modulation.
Preparation of N, P, O tri-doped carbon microspheres derived from ZIF-8@polyphosphazene for the elimination of TC
Authors: Wang Minghuan , Wang Jiying , Song Yunfei , Zhang Hekai , Li Jiaying , Zheng Jiayue , Wei Peng , Guo Zheng , Yin Li , Fu Jianwei
Published: July 2024

N, P, and O tri-doped carbon microspheres with a hierarchical pore structure were synthesized from ZIF-8@polyphosphazene and exhibited superior catalytic performance and good reusability for the oxidative degradation of TC.
Engineering the grain boundary and surface sites of binary Cu–Mn catalysts to boost CO oxidation
Authors: Zhang Xiangxue , Chao Xinyi , Fei Nina , Chen Wenyao , Qian Gang , Zhang Jing , Chen De , Duan Xuezhi , Zhou Xinggui , Yuan Weikang
Published: July 2024

A dual-stimuli strategy is proposed to boost the catalytic performance of CO oxidation via synergistically harnessing active Cu+ species with oxygen vacancies by engineering the grain boundary of Cu–Mn catalysts.
Visible light induced efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production by graphdiyne/CoSe ohmic heterojunction
Authors: Li Bingzhu , Ma Xiaohua , Lei Minjun , Long Chunyin , Wu Youlin , Jin Zhiliang
Published: July 2024

The discovery of graphdiyne (GDY) represents a significant advancement in the field of carbon allotropes, and has garnered widespread attention for its potential applications in hydrogen production.
A metal-free perylene–porphyrin based covalent organic framework for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Samanta Siddhartha , Khatun Sahina , Mukherjee Ishita , Maity Sanhita , Addicoat Matthew A. , Pradhan Anirban
Published: July 2024

A perylene–porphyrin based novel microporous quasi-2D crystalline covalent organic framework (PETA-PAM-COF) shows high surface area and exceptional stability also used as a metal-free electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Polymer composites with carbon nanotubes made from CO2
Authors: Licht Gad , Hofstetter Kyle , Licht Stuart
Published: July 2024

Carbanogel, made from CO2, is used to make new sustainable plastics.
Superconductors with structural chirality
Authors: Nakajima Ryota , Pop Flavia , Avarvari Narcis
Published: July 2024

We here discuss the development of inorganic and organic superconductors having a structural chirality.
Exploring the complexity of amyloid-beta fibrils: structural polymorphisms and molecular interactions
Authors: Baek Yoongyeong , Lee Myungwoon
Published: July 2024

The aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides into cross-β structures forms a variety of distinct fibril conformations, potentially correlating with variations in neurodegenerative disease progression. Recent advances in techniques such as X-ray crystallography, solid-state NMR, and cryo-electron microscopy have enabled the development of high-resolution molecular structures of these polymorphic amyloid fibrils, which are either grown in vitro or isolated from human and transgenic mouse brain tissues. This article reviews our current understanding of the structural polymorphisms in amyloid fibrils formed by Aβ40 and Aβ42, as well as disease-associated mutants of Aβ peptides. The aim is to enhance our understanding of various molecular interactions, including hydrophobic and ionic interactions, within and among cross-β structures.
An adaptive approximation‐free control for leader‐follower tracking of multi‐agent systems with unknown nonlinearity and disturbance
Authors: Hu Xiaoyan , Menon Prathyush P , Edwards Christopher , Wen Guilin , Yin Hanfeng
Published: July 2024

Due to variable and complex work environments, nonlinearities, uncertainty and disturbances are inevitable in multi‐agent systems. Approximation‐free control can address these issues without involving approximators, such as fuzzy logic systems and neural networks. However, some issues like the singularity problem caused by the signals exceeding the preset boundary in changing work conditions still remain. This paper proposes an adaptive and reliable approximation‐free control, which comprises a novel singularity compensator and a modified transforming function. The proposed control scheme performs better in terms of convergence rate and overshoot, avoids issues relating to singularity, and has added flexibility in terms of parameter choice. The proposed control law adapts to changes in operating conditions and nonlinearities—the efficacy of which is demonstrated using simulations.
Optimal adaptive coordination of overcurrent relays in power systems protection using a new hybrid metaheuristic algorithm
Authors: Sadeghi Samira , Naghshbandy Ali Hesami , Moradi Parham , Bagheri Abed
Published: July 2024

Advent of distributed generation and progression towards an intelligent grid infrastructure within the domain of contemporary electrical power systems have created dynamic load profiles. Accompanying these developments, protective relays are faced with an evolving electrical load landscape and variable fault current conditions, resulting in disparate operational timings throughout the diurnal cycle. In light of these challenges, this paper delineates the formulation and simulation of a novel adaptive protection strategy for overcurrent relays, meticulously tailored to accommodate the fluctuations in electrical load. To construct a robust framework for this adaptive mechanism, a series of hypothetical fault current scenarios are meticulously crafted to activate the relays within the briefest time interval feasible. Further innovating within this sphere, this paper introduces a new hybrid algorithm, deftly amalgamating the strengths of three preeminent metaheuristic models: Improved Harmony Search, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Differential Evolution. Simulations and analyses substantiate the efficacy of the algorithm in optimizing the coordination among overcurrent relays aiming to uphold the overarching protective imperatives of the grid. For the IEEE 6‐bus system, the mean value of the objective function during 24 h in Monte Carlo is 292.6607 and very close to 272.0758 in the simulation of eight stochastic scenarios, which contributes to the validity of the approach in practical settings. Also, in the IEEE 30‐bus system, the results of the mean relay operation time set for the hours with the lowest and highest consumption load are 17.1297 and 14.8049 s, which reveals the increase in the operation speed of the relays.
Variation of laboratory analyzes according to severity of illness in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Saidov Farrukh , Naimov Shokhida , Akhmedova Nilufar , Ruziyev Zarif , Nurulloyev Sukhrob , Madaripova Dildora
Published: July 2024

The Covid-19 disease is a new, unexplored problem for mankind. In a short time, the epidemic of the new coronavirus infection has spread to more than 200 countries. Changes in blood parameters are important for understanding the pathogenesis of this disease and for improving the treatment and diagnosis of COVID-19. The patients with coronavirus infection were evaluated according to the severity of the clinical symptoms and peripheral blood analysis. The general blood analysis showed that in the group of critically ill patients there was an increase in the number of leukocytes at the expense of neutrophils with segmental nuclei and rod nuclei. High reliable values of neutrophils and lymphocytes in peripheral blood were obtained as the most important predictors of severity of illness and risk of lethal outcome in patients.
Effectiveness of the adsorption properties of clay in relation to the disposal of organic waste from poultry farms
Authors: Budarina V.A. , Tkachenko N.N. , Kosinova I.I. , Maslennikov N.A. , Ignatenko I.M.
Published: July 2024

This article discusses an important problem related to the disposal of organic waste from poultry farms. Bird droppings are one of the main sources of environmental pollution and consume significant resources for disposal. The search for effective and environmentally safe methods of disposal of such waste is very relevant. The article focuses on the study of the adsorption properties of a clay accumulation site. Due to the insufficient knowledge of this technology of manure burial, full-scale modeling was performed to determine the effectiveness of protecting the components of the ecological and geological environment. It is shown that under conditions of complete water saturation, the liquid fraction from the organic waste layer will easily seep through the voids and cracks of the clay layer and poison the underlying soils and groundwater. It is concluded that a clay special site alone does not provide guaranteed environmental safety of the environment. Engineering and environmental recommendations are given on the mandatory combination of this method of burial of litter with a litter made of a layer of sealed film coating.
Obtaining a primary suspension cell culture of Dracocephalum palmatum Stephan ex Willd
Authors: Antonova Elena , Kucharova Elena , Okhlopkova Zhanna
Published: July 2024

Dracocephalum palmatum Steph. grows on the southern slopes of the Oymyakon plateau in Yakutia (Northeast of Russian Federation) in conditions of harsh continental climate with continuous permafrost. The aboveground phytomass of the plant contains various complexes of secondary metabolites including polyphenolic compounds. It is a potential source of secondary metabolites needed for practical use in the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of the study is to obtain a primary suspension cell culture of Dracocephalum palmatum, growing in the conditions of the Cold Pole — Oymyakon. The work includes optimization of the nutrient medium for introducing calluses into a suspension culture, analysis of the dynamics of biomass growth of the obtained suspension culture, and morphological characteristics of the cells of the suspension culture. The callus cell cultures of Dracocephalum palmatum, cultivated on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium with the addition of 0.5 mg/L α- naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and 0.2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), were most successfully transitioned into suspension culture. The maximum biomass growth of cell suspension culture was observed when cultivated in liquid MS medium with the addition of 2,4-D (0.5 mg/L), 6- benzylaminopurine (0.5 mg/L), and NAA (0.5 mg/L). The primary cell suspension culture of Dracocephalum palmatum, cultivated for 22 days, had an increase in wet weight of 9,2084 g, dry weight — 0,34135 g, and contained dedifferentiated aggregates of parenchyma-like cells and single round-shaped cells. Samples of the obtained cell suspension culture of Dracocephalum palmatum will be used for the analysis of secondary metabolites and for the development of optimal cultivation conditions in a bioreactor.
Features of the functioning of microbiocenoses of cultivated soddy-podzolic soil under conditions of oil pollution
Authors: Chugunova Marina , Bakina Ludmila , Gerasimov Alexander
Published: July 2024

The study goal was to explore the characteristics of the functioning of microbiocenoses of well-cultivated soddy-podzolic soil, contaminated with doses of oil under the conditions of a field experiment. The level of initial pollution with petroleum products was in percentage: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 3.0. Sampling for laboratory research was carried out 14 days, 6 and 18 months after the oil spill. To assess the activity of the microbiota under conditions of soil self-purification from oil pollution, integral indicators were chosen. 1. The amount of carbon dioxide released from the soil, the so-called basal respiration, corresponds to the complete destruction of oil (to CO2 and H2O) by soil microorganisms. 2. The medium-regulating (regulatory) microorganisms’ activity, which is defined as the biological response of the soil to a disruption of chemical balance, was assessed by the quantity of CO2 release after 1% glucose addition. The oil products content was defined in real time mode. Soil microbiocenoses were highly perseverant to the inhibitory effects of oil pollution. Disturbances in the normal functioning of the microbiota as a result of oil pollution were non-critical and reversible. Half-year after the oil spill, at all levels of pollution, there was a sharp increase in basal respiration. Its level exceeded the respiration rate of clean soil several-fold. This indicated the high biochemical activity of hydrocarbon-oxidizing resident microbiota and as a result an active self-cleaning of soil from oil pollution. The negative dynamics of the petroleum products content proved the microbial character of the oil destruction processes in the soil.
Ultrasound organometry of the human prostate in the age aspect and its changes in chronic alcoholism
Authors: Teshaev Shukhrat , Radjabov Axtam , Khasanova Dilnoza , Temirova Nazokat , Kamalova Shaxnoza , Asadova Nigora
Published: July 2024

The article presents the results of a study on age-related ultrasound morphometry of the biometric parameters of the human prostate and its changes during chronic alcohol exposure. Age-related changes in the prostate are uneven, which is due to the morphofunctional characteristics of the organ in different age periods. The greatest increase in prostate length was revealed in adolescence (34.0%), in adolescence the thickness increases by 38.5%, the width by 2.0 times, the volume of the gland by 3.4 times. The smallest increase in the volume-linear parameters of the gland was found in men of senile age. In men suffering from chronic alcoholism, there is an increase in the organometric parameters of the prostate gland.
Kidney failure due to liver cirrhosis – hepatorenal syndrome: Clinical case
Authors: Jumayeva Madina , Ubaydova Dilafruz , Xayrullayeva Gulrux , Kadirova Zarina , Ergashov Bobur , Narzullayeva Dildora
Published: July 2024

These days, kidney failure is a big problem globally and can even lead to death for patients. There are many things that can cause kidneys to stop working properly, and liver diseases are especially important. This condition is called hepatorenal syndrome and happens when the kidneys stop working properly after liver cirrhosis. Recent information shows that there are two types of hepatorenal syndrome, which are named type 1 and type 2. Type-1 hepatorenal syndrome usually changes quickly and can be very serious, potentially leading to death if not treated within 2 weeks. Type-2 hepatorenal syndrome changes more slowly over time and has a better outlook, but can still lead to death within 4-6 months if not treated. Cases of type 2 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) are not often talked about in medical papers, and studies about this serious problem of liver cirrhosis involve a small number of people.
Mechanisms of peroxide oxidation in patients with chronic brucellosis and principles of treatment
Authors: Farmanova Maxtob , Khudoydodova Sayyora
Published: July 2024

We observed 85 patients aged 17 to 74 years. All patients used standard general, serological, biochemical and statistical methods. According to clinical forms patients were distributed as follows: primary chronic brucellosis (PChB) - 22 (25.8%) and secondary chronic brucellosis (SChB) - 63 (74.2%). The subcompensation phase was observed in 62.3% of the examined patients, the decompensation phase was detected in 37.7%.
Comparative characterization of liver morphometric parameters during pregnancy in experimental chronic renal failure
Authors: Rakhmonkulova Nargiza , Nematilllaeva Mastura , Tuksanova Dilbar , Kholova Nodira , Solieva Nozima
Published: July 2024

Study of morphological and morphometric changes of the liver of pregnant white rats after chronic renal failure. [9]. A study of normal morphological and morphometric parameters of the liver of pregnant white rats. Study of the anatomical parameters of the liver of purebred rats in pregnancy and its reactive changes after experimental chronic renal failure Comparison of pregnancy-related histo-topographic features of the liver of purebred rats in experimental chronic renal failure with parameters of healthy rats; [10]. Comparative classification of morphometric changes in the liver of pregnant rats after correction with Juyzar waters in experimental chronic renal failure.Glomerulopathies: focal glomerulosclerosis, membranous and membranous-proliferative glomerulonephritis, the damage of kidney balls is reduced in the primary order. Due to the alteration of the basal membrane of the glomerulus, increased permeability leads to proteinuria. [17]. Prolonged proteinuria results in decreased albumin in the blood plasma (Hypoalbuminemia). The quality of albumin and globulin changes. A decrease in albumin leads to a decrease in osmotic pressure. The passage of fluid from the blood to the tissue increases. The function of sodium and potassium pumps is disturbed. Swelling develops. At the same time, the reduction of albumin leads to an increase in the synthesis of lipoproteins. [16]. This has an effect on the oncotic pressure. The release of a large amount of lipids in the urine is a sign that the permeability of the glomerular basement membrane has changed.