bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Potassium on the Growth, Flowering, and Chemical Composition of Greenhouse Roses Grown in Recirculating Nutrient Solutions1
Authors: Woodson William R. , Boodley James W.
Published: October 2022

‘Forever Yours’ roses (Rosa Hybrid Tea) were grown in recirculating nutrient solutions at 0.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 meq K/liter. Low K supply (0.25 and 2.5 meq/liter) reduced growth, flower production, and length of flowering stems. Leaf K concentration was reduced at the lowest K concentration in solution. Increasing K concentration in solution from 0.25 to 10.0 meq/liter had no antagonistic effect on the accumulation of Ca or Mg in the leaves. Plants which received 0.25 meq K/liter developed K deficiency symptoms after 5 weeks of growth in treatment solutions.
Influence of Production and Postharvest Light Levels on the Interior Performance of Two Species of Scheffleras1
Authors: Braswell John H. , Blessington Thomas M. , Price James A.
Published: October 2022

Brassaia actinophylla Endl. was larger in growth and better in quality when produced under 828 and 414 μE m−2s−1. Schefflera arboricola Hayata ex Kanehira increased in growth and quality when produced under 414 and 276 μE m−2s−1. Both species increased in growth and generally maintained good quality after a post holding period in an interior environment. Plants produced under the lower production light levels maintained good growth after 3 months indoors under interior light levels of 24, 16 and 8 μE m−2s−1. S. arboricola maintained better quality than B. actinophylla when hdd under the lowest interior light level.
Ecotypic Differences in Heat Resistance of Aspen Leaves1
Authors: Peck Kathleen M. , Wallner Stephen J.
Published: October 2022

Heat resistance of aspen (Populus tremuloides) leaves was assessed by stressing leaf discs in vitro and measuring electrolyte leakage. Leaves were obtained from trees growing at elevations of 1960, 2195, and 2454 m. Heat tolerance was greatest in leaf samples from trees growing at the lowest site. Trees propagated from these sites and grown at 1520 m for 2 years showed some increase in heat tolerance, but apparent ecotypic differences persisted.
Relationship between Guard Cell Length and Ploidy in Vaccinium1
Authors: Chandler C. K. , Lyrene P. M.
Published: October 2022

Guard cells tended to be shortest for diploid species and longest for hexaploids, but there was so much plant-to-plant variation both within ploidy levels (diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid) and within species that guard cell length was not a reliable indicator of ploidy level of individual plants.
Germination of Stored Cranberry Seed on Three Media
Authors: Stone Eric G.
Published: October 2022

Seeds of 4 cranberry lines (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) stored for 9 months at 2–5°C germinated similarly on media of sand, sphagnum peat, and 1:1 sand-peat mixture under greenhouse mist. Differences among selections were attributed to dormancy.
Surface Features of a Novel Peach X Nectarine Hybrid1
Authors: Okie W. R. , Prince V. E.
Published: October 2022

Fruit of 3 of 70 trees from a cross of ‘Pekin’ peach x ‘Durbin’ nectarine [(Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)] had a dull, slightly rough surface intermediate in appearance to the shiny, smooth surface of a nectarine and the pubescent surface of a peach. Scanning electron photomicrographs of the epidermis revealed short, often multicellular, papillae 20–80 μm in length but no long hairs of the normal 200–500 μm length. Fruit buds on the three trees were glabrous in contrast to the pubescent buds of peaches and nectarines.
Supercooling Young Developing Fruit and Floral Buds in Deciduous Orchards1
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Andrews P. K. , Gross Dennis
Published: October 2022

Young developing fruit of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), peach [P. persica (L.) Batsch], sweet cherry (P. avium L.), plum (P. domestica L.) and pear (Pyrus communis L.), supercooled to −5 to −8°C if detached from the woody tissues whereas attached fruit supercooled only to −2 to −3.8°. Ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria raised the nucleation temperature of detached fruit. Ice crystals appeared to form within the vascular system and then advance by progressive crystal growth into all the fruit on a single stem. In peach attached buds lost their ability to supercool when they reached full bloom.
Vine Production from Tuber Pieces of Various Sizes and Sections of Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)1
Authors: Quamina J. E. , Phills B. R. , Hill W. A.
Published: October 2022

Vine production from proximal and middle tuber sections of yam (Dioscorea alata L.), subdivided into whole, half and quarter pieces increased with tuber size. Vines produced from proximal, middle and distal tuber sections decreased significantly with distance from the proximal end. Smaller pieces collectively resulted in greater total vine length.
Calcium Infiltration Inhibits Greening in ‘Katahdin’ Potatoes1
Authors: Arteca Richard N.
Published: October 2022

Vacuum infiltration of 1 or 2% CaCl2 reduced chlorophyll accumulation in ‘Katahdin’ potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) 50 to 60% and 70 to 80%, respectively, relative to the controls. CaCl2 at 3 or 4% induced internal breakdown. Maximal uptake of CaCl2 was obtained by placing the tubers under vacuum (−0.9 atmospheres) for 30 minutes with a soak time of 15 minutes. Ca+ + infiltration helped maintain tuber quality in light allowing consumers maximum visibility of the product.
Stimulation of Root Initiation from Cultured Rose Shoots through the Use of Reduced Concentrations of Mineral Salts1
Authors: Hyndman Scott E. , Hasegawa Paul M. , Bressan Ray A.
Published: October 2022

In vitro-derived shoots of ‘Improved Blaze’ rose (Rosa hybrida L.) were used to investigate the cause of improved root initiation obtained by lowering the concentration of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) salt formulation in the nutrient medium. The number and length of roots per explant increased as the concentration of total nitrogen in the MS salt formulation was reduced from 60 to 7.5 mm. There was no effect on rooting with as much as a 16-fold reduction in the concentration of the remaining MS salts from that of the normal MS formulation, when total nitrogen was kept at a constant 7.5 mm. When nitrogen was maintained at 7.5 mm and the concentrations of the remaining salts were maintained at 1/2 times that of the MS salt formulation, rooting was unaffected by raising the total solute concentration with NaCl to that when the medium contained the full MS nitrogen salt complement. These results show that lowering the total mineral salt level in the nutrient medium provides a more favorable nitrogen salts concentration for rhizogenesis than that provided by the MS salt formulation.
In Vitro Propagation of F. piphyllum chrysocardium1
Authors: Lazarte J. E. , Gaiser M. S. , Brown O. R.
Published: October 2022

Optimum shoot development of Epiphyllum chrysocardium Alexand. stem cutting was obtained on a modified half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/liter benzylamino purine (BA). Best rooting occurred after subculturing excised shoots on half-strength MS supplemented with 0.01 mg/liter indolebutyric acid (IBA).
In Vitro Propagation of Fig through Shoot Tip Culture1
Authors: Muriithi L. M. , Rangan T. S. , Waite B. H.
Published: October 2022

Shoot tips excised from cultivars of Ficus carica L. with symptoms of fig mosaic virus, on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.18 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.1 mg/liter 6-benzvlamino purine (BA) and 0.03 mg/liter gibberellic acid (G A) developed into shoots. These shoots were induced to root on MS containing 0.5 mg/liter NAA and 0.5 mg/liter indolebutyric acid (IBA) and subsequently transferred to soil, maintained in the green house, and were free of virus symptoms, even after 15 months.
Asexual Embryogenesis and Plantlet Development in Anther Culture of Cucumis sativus L.1
Authors: Lazarte J. E. , Sasser C. C.
Published: October 2022

Callus developed from anther explants of Cucumis sativus L. cultured an modified Nitsch and Nitsch and on Murashige and Skoog basal media. Meristemoids and embryoids were induced when callus was recultured on solidified Nitsch medium containing 20 g/liter rafflnose. Embryoids developed into seedlings.
Laboratory Exercises with Spring-flowering Bulbs1
Authors: De Hertogh A. A.
Published: October 2022

Exercises are described to familiarize horticultural students with the ‘Standard Forcing’ of potted tulips, hyacinths, daffodils, Iris reticulata, Crocus and grape hyacinths as well as cut tulips and daffodils. Procedures are outlined for ‘Special Precooling’ of tulips and Dutch iris as cut flowers. In addition, a simplified list of readily available cultivars of the spring-flowering bulbs covered is provided. The exercises utilize Valentine’s Day as the marketing holiday.
Chilling Injury of Germinating Seeds and Seedlings
Authors: Wolk William D. , Herner Robert C.
Published: October 2022

History. In 1897, Molisch first suggested the term that was translated as chilling injury to describe the injurious effects of low but non-freezing temperatures on certain plant species (40). More than 50 years were to pass, however, before it was recognized that a similar low-temperature injury might be sustained by germinating seeds. Earlier in this century, Kidd and West (32, 33) reported that soaking seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. at 10°C increased the amount of material leached from them and decreased germination compared with seeds soaked at 20°. In 1926, Kotowski (34) noted that the seeds of several warm-season vegetable crops would not germinate below 18°. During this period, it was generally acknowledged that reduced low-temperature germination as exhibited by seeds of most tropical and subtropical species was a consequence of seed infestation by soil-borne pathogens. For example, Leach (37) suggested that many soil organisms had lower optimum growth temperatures than the minimum temperature for seed germination. Thus, while seed germination was inhibited by low soil temperature, soil pathogens could readily grow, multiply and attack the seed.
In Vitro Protection of Indoleacetic Acid during Thin Layer Chromatography1
Authors: Beyl Caula A. , Mitchell Cary A.
Published: October 2022

The antioxidant sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) was evaluated for use as a protectant of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) during application onto cellulose thin layer strips as well as during subsequent ascending chromatographic development. An IAA standard of 5 μg, applied directly over a 100 μg pretreatment spot of DDC at the origin, revealed eightfold more auxin activity than did 5 μg of IAA alone as determined by the Avena coleoptile bioassay. However, DDC alone at this dosage produced an inhibitory biological response at the same chromatographic zone where auxin banded in an isopropanol, ammonia, water (10:1:1 by volume) solvent system. Reduction of the DDC dosage to 1 μg spot−1 gave threefold greater net auxin activity than did 100 μg DDC, and 20% better protection than did 0.5 μg DDC, while eliminating its own inhibitory action at this lower dosage level.
In Vitro Propagation of Crabapple Cultivars1
Authors: Singha Suman
Published: October 2022

Rapid propagation of crabapple (Malus spp.) cultivars was achieved in vitro. Proliferation of shoot tips was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzylamino purine (BA). Rapid shoot proliferation was obtained at 1 or 2 mg/liter BA. Higher levels (4 or 8 mg/liter) resulted in good shoot proliferation, but a greater percentage of shoots were small or rosetted. Rooting was achieved by transferring individual shoots to MS medium containing naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Low NAA levels (0.1 or 0.2 mg/liter) resulted in good root development. Plantlets were successfully transferred to soil.
Ammonium Toxicity of Impatiens platypetala1
Authors: Weigle J. L. , Taber H. G. , Dunston S. K.
Published: October 2022

Rooted cuttings of Impatiens platypetala Lindl. were grown in modified Hoagland’s solution at 100 mg N/liter but with varying NH4+/NO3− ratios so that the percentage of N from NH4+ varied from 0 to 60 %. Plant fresh weight decreased significantly as the percentage of NH4+ increased. Plants were visually inferior when at least 30% of their N was received as NH4+. When cuttings were grown in a medium of 1 soil: 1 sphagnum peatmoss: 3 perlite, N source had little effect on the fresh weight of the above-ground portion of the plant, but plants receiving NH4+ had more misshapen leaves than those in other treatments. Nitrapyrin (Np), a nitrification inhibitor, did not change response to N sources significantly, but Np tended to lower soil NO3−-N concentration.
A Comparison of Oxyfluorfen and Oryzalin in Container-grown Woody Ornamentals1
Authors: Creager Richard A.
Published: October 2022

During 1979 and 1980, oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) and oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] were evaluated on 7 species of container-grown woody ornamentals for full-season weed control, phytotoxicity, and final plant size. These 7 species included cultivars of cotoneaster, euonymus, holly, juniper, privet, pyracantha, and rhododendron. Both oryzalin and oxyfluorfen at the 2.2 kg/ha rate provided 75% or better weed control with little to no injury for 2 months. Oxyfluorfen provided a longer period of weed control than oryzalin on some ornamentals. Higher rates of oxyfluorfen (4.5 and 9.0 kg/ha) increased weed control to provide full 4-month efficacy with limited or no injury and satisfactory plant size. Plant size was proportional to the degree of weed control obtained.
Effects of Mechanical Harvest and Defoliation on Subsequent Performance of Three Strawberry Cultivars1
Authors: Pelofske P. J. , Martin Lloyd W.
Published: October 2022

‘Linn’, ‘Olympus’, and ‘Totem’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were defoliated on various dates in 1979 during mechanical harvest or by leaf mowing after hand harvest, and numbers of crown divisions, runners, and inflorescences as well as berry size, fruit rot, and yield were measured in 1980. The only difference attributable to defoliation dates was berry size in ‘Olympus’ and ‘Totem’. Defoliation by mechanical harvest did not adversely affect subsequent plant growth and yield.
Effects of Fruiting on Net Photosynthesis and Dark Respiration of ‘Hecker’ Strawberries1
Authors: Choma M. E. , Garner J. L. , Marini R. P. , Barden J. A.
Published: October 2022

During a 6-week fruiting cycle of a day-neutral strawberry, (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Hecker), net photosynthesis (Pn) was significantly greater on fruiting plants than deblossomed plants on 5 of 6 measurement dates. The presence of fruit did not affect dark respiration (Rd). Pn tended to decline during the fruiting cycle while Rd tended to increase. Removal of inflorescences from fruiting plants resulted in a significant decline in Pn while Rd was unaffected.
Influence of Crop Load on the Response of Cherry Fruit Growth and Size to Antitranspirant1
Authors: Davenport D. C. , Uriu K. , Hagan R. M.
Published: October 2022

Fruit growth and final size were greater on lightly cropped than on moderately heavily cropped cherry (Prunus avium L. cv. Buriat) trees. A wax-based antitranspirant (AT), sprayed 1 week before harvest, increased fruit size on both lightly and moderately heavily cropped trees. Although the lightly cropped AT-treated trees had the largest fruit at harvest, the response to AT was greatest on the moderately heavily cropped trees. Thus, AT can improve fruit grade-size, and probably monetary returns, particularly on heavily cropped trees. High rates of AT application, however, can adversely affect fruit appearance.
A Commercial Bee Attractant Ineffective in Enhancing Apple Pollination1
Authors: Rajotte E. G. , Fell R. D.
Published: October 2022

‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkch.) were sprayed with a high-con version corn syrup consisting of 38–40% glucose, 28% maltose, 10% maltotriose, and 22% higher sugars plus, strawberry flavoring, red dye, and a preservative (Beelure) designed to increase plant attractiveness to honey bees. No difference was found between the number of foraging bees or the percentage of bees collecting pollen on sprayed versus unsprayed trees or in fruit set. Bees were not attracted to non-floral foliage in sprayed blocks.
Response of Apple Seedlings in Fumigated Soil to Phosphorous and Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhiza1
Authors: Koch B. L. , Covey R. P. , Larsen H. J.
Published: October 2022

Incorporation of phosphorous into fumigated soil at planting increased the height, dry weight, and P level in seedlings of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Non-mycorrhizal plants exhibited a twenty-fivefold growth response to P and obtained maximum size at 200 mg additional P/kg soil. Mycorrhizal plants exhibited less growth response to P (3.2 × increase) but had greater maximum growth (78.0 vs. 67.9 cm) than nonmycorrhizal plants. Maximum growth of mycorrhizal plants occurred with the addition of 100-200 mg P/kg soil.
Effects of an Infestation of Blackmargined Aphid on Carbohydrates in Mature ‘Stuart’ Pecan1
Authors: Wood B. W. , Tedders W. L.
Published: October 2022

Twenty-one days of foliar feeding in late spring by the blackmargined aphid [Monellia caryella (Fitch)] on a mature ‘Stuart’ pecan tree [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] reduced soluble sugars and starch in leaves to 82% and 79%, respectively, of the aphid-free control. Chlorophyll levels were unaffected. Sugars were reduced to 75% of the control in both 1- and 2-year-old branches. Starch in 1-year-old branches was reduced to 71%, but was unchanged in 2-year-old branches.
Comparison of Two Methods of Hand-crossing Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp1
Authors: Zary K. W. , Miller J. C.
Published: October 2022

Five lines of cowpea were crossed in a complete diallel, using 2 methods. Crossing success rate was greatly enhanced by collecting pollen donor flowers on the morning of anthesis, storing them until late afternoon, and then completing the cross on freshly emasculated flowers (method 1) as compared to utilizing pollen donor flowers for crossing immediately upon collection, early to mid-morning on the day of anthesis (method 2). Significant differences in success rate were found among cultivars used as seed parents in method 2, while no such differences were observed in method 1. Significant differences in success rate were found among cultivars used as pollen parents in both methods.
Sensitivity of Tomato Cultivars to Sulfur Dioxide1
Authors: Howe T. K. , Woltz S. S.
Published: October 2022

The sensitivity of 26 cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were compared at 2 concentrations of SO2 in specially designed exposure greenhouses. Cultivars studied included fresh market, processing, and specialty types. Insensitive and sensitive cultivars were identified by assessment of acute SO2-induced foliar necrosis. Cultivars found to be insensitive to SO2 included: ‘Ace’, ‘Bonanza’, ‘Heinz 1350’, ‘Tarquinia Tondino’, and ‘VF 145-B 7879’. Cultivars found to be sensitive to SO2 included: ‘Bellarina’, ‘Chico IIP, ‘Flora-Dade’, ‘Red Cherry Large’, ‘SubArctic Delight’, and ‘Vetomold’.
Effect of Precooling Methods and Peduncle Lengths on Soft Rot Decay of Bell Peppers1
Authors: Sherman Mark , Kasmire Robert F. , Shuler Kenneth D. , Botts Daniel A.
Published: October 2022

Thorough precooling of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L. cv. California Wonder) to 10°C (50°F) soon after harvest delayed, but did not prevent, soft rot decay caused by Erwinia carotovora (L. R. Jones) Holland. There was little weight loss and shrivel in any of the treatments. Inoculated peppers with intact or partial peduncles had better overall visual quality and were less decayed than peppers with no peduncles.
Differences in Infestation of Pubescent and Glabrous Forms of Cucumber by Pickleworms and Melonworms1
Authors: Elsey K. D. , Wann E. V.
Published: October 2022

Pickle worm [Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll)] and melon worm [Diaphania hyalinata (L.)] moths, released into a screenhouse, laid far more eggs on pubescent than on glabrous plants of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In a field test of the 2 foliage types, a total of 8 times as many melonworm larvae were found on pubescent as glabrous plants, but about the same number of pickle worm larvae were found on both types. Both melonworm and pickleworm moths laid approximately equal numbers of eggs on fiberglass insulation treated with ethanol extracts of the 2 foliage types, suggesting that the presence or absence of pubescence on the leaves determined oviposition preference.
Florida 524 Carrot Inbred1
Authors: Bassett M. J. , Strandberg J. O. , White J. M. , Peterson C. E. , Simon P. W.
Published: October 2022

Hybrid carrots (Daucus carota L.) are gaining a larger share of the market once devoted exclusively to open-pollinated cultivars. The carrot inbred Florida 524 has been used extensively as the male parent in experimental hybrids tested in Florida, California, Wisconsin, Texas, and Arizona. These trials have revealed that Florida 524 has good combining ability for fresh market characteristics. Florida 524 is being released jointly by the University of Florida and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
‘Ohio 7870’ Tomato1
Authors: Berry S. Z. , Gould W. A.
Published: October 2022

‘Ohio 7870’ is an early-main season tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) suitable for machine harvest with fruit qualities for the cannery that make it especially suitable for the production of juice, sauce, and coreless whole-canned tomato (whole-pack). It was released by the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, June 1981.
‘ArKing’ Strawberry1
Authors: Moore J. N.
Published: October 2022

The ‘ArKing’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) has been released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station to provide a late-ripening, red stele root-rot-re-sistant cultivar adapted to Arkansas conditions. ‘ArKing’ is similar in size and productivity to the popular ‘Cardinal’, but has greater disease resistance and later maturity.
‘Samish’ Almond1
Authors: Spiegel-Roy P. , Kochba J. , Iris R.
Published: October 2022

‘Samish’ is a high-yielding, semi-hard-shelled, well-sealed, highly flavored cultivar of almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch), with fairly uniform kernels.
‘Bluechip’ Blueberry1
Authors: Ballington J. R. , Mainland C. M. , Draper A. D. , Galletta G. J.
Published: October 2022

‘Bluechip’ is a cane canker-resistant midseason cultivar of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). It has very large fruit, excellent color, stem scar, firmness, and a pleasant acid flavor. The name is intended to suggest that this cultivar possesses exceptionally desirable fruit flavor and texture. Released cooperatively by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, ‘Blue-chip’ is intended principally for fresh fruit production in areas subject to cane canker caused by Botryosphaeria corticis (Demaree & Wilcox) Arx & Muller.
‘Tampa’ Grape Rootstock1
Authors: Mortensen J. A. , Stover L. H.
Published: October 2022

‘Tampa’ grape (Vitis spp.) has been released because of its superiority to ‘Dog Ridge’ (1) and other rootstocks currently used in Florida. It has less tendency to sprout from below the graft union and induces greater growth and yield of scions.
‘Regale’ Muscadine Grape1
Authors: Nesbitt W. B. , Carroll D. E. , Overcash J. P. , Stojanovic B. J.
Published: October 2022

‘Regale’ is a black-fruited Vitis rotundifolia Michx. cultivar released jointly by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. It is perfect-flowered, self-fruitful, high-yielding, winter-hardy, vigorous and resistant to berry shatter. It ripens approximately 10 days after ‘Carlos’ and ‘Noble’ and can be made into red wine, juice, or jelly. It has been resistant to Pierce's disease in Florida, Mississippi, and North Carolina.
‘Doreen’ Muscadine Grape1
Authors: Nesbitt W. B. , Carroll D. E. , Overcash J. P. , Hedgwood C. P. , Stojanovic B. J.
Published: October 2022

‘Doreen’ is a bronze muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) that can be made into wine equal in quality to ‘Carlos’ and ‘Scup-pernong’. It is self-fruitful, high-yielding, vigorous, resistant to berry shatter, adapted to mechanical harvesting with 50–60% dry fruit stem scars, winter-hardy in the southeast, and is generally disease resistant, including Pierce's disease. It requires 125 days from full bloom to harvest, compared to 100 days for ‘Carlos.’ It ripens in September in south Mississippi and Florida, and in October in North Carolina and north Mississippi.
Advising University Undergraduates in Horticulture1
Authors: Novak Joseph R.
Published: October 2022

Effective academic advising is essential to the development and growth of undergraduate programs in horticulture. In the late 1960s and 1970s, the interest in gardening, concern for the environment, and ecology movement all brought large numbers of students into horticulture, more than many departments could handle effectively. In the 1980s this trend has reversed, as indicated by the decline in number of horticulture students. Attracting students through recruiting programs now has become common practice.
Stimulation of Axillary Shoot Development of Cordyline terminalis ‘Celestine Queen’ by Foliar Sprays of 6-Benzylamino purine1
Authors: Maene L. J. , Debergh P. C.
Published: October 2022

Multiple axillary shoots were obtained from Cordyline terminalis L. ‘Celestine Queen’, treated once weekly for 8 weeks with 6-benzylamino purine (BA) from 100 to 500 mg/liter. At 250-500 mg liter, 78% and 100% of the propagules of the chimeral clone were true-to-type.
Growth and Nitrogen Fixation (Acetylene Reduction) of Elaeagnus umbellata Grown in Ca(OH)2-amended Acid Soil1
Authors: Hensley D. L. , Carpenter P. L.
Published: October 2022

Elaeagnus umbellata (Thunb.) plants were planted in acid soil amended with CaCO3 equivalents of 0.0, 6.6, 13.2, 19.7, 26.4, 52.7, and 102.0 MT/ha of Ca(OH)2 and grown in the greenhouse for 21 months. The pH of the amended soil declined with time. Acetylene reduction rates increased with increasing Ca(OH)2 additions up to 26.4 MT/ha CaCO3 equivalent. The lowest dry matter accumulation in root, stem, leaf and nodule tissue occurred at the lowest pH (3.2) with surviving plants. Dry matter accumulations of leaves, roots and nodules were not statistically different at higher pH values.
Rhododendron Growth at Low Night Temperature1
Authors: Timmerman Jayne C. , Havis John R.
Published: October 2022

Growth of rhododendron rooted cuttings was induced by keeping them at a minimum night temperature of 18.3°C until buds began to swell (10 to 14 days). This treatment produced a subsequent flush of growth that occurred at minimum 4.4° and resulted in spring growth of rooted cuttings of Rhododendron ‘Nova Zembla’ and fall growth of R. ‘PJM hybrids’ with potentially large savings in heat.
Growth of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’ at Different Substrate Nitrogen Levels1,2
Authors: Niemiera A. X. , Wright R. D.
Published: October 2022

Ilex crenata ‘Helleri’ liners were greenhouse grown in sand culture and subjected to N rates which ranged from 14 to 108 ppm in one experiment and from 70 to 250 ppm in a second experiment. Maximum shoot dry weights occurred at 87 ppm N in the first experiment and at 100 ppm N in the second experiment. The number of plants per treatment initiating visible shoot elongation 17 days after the initiation of the fertilizer treatments was influenced by N treatment and 79% of the differences in final dry weights could be attributed to the time of visible shoot elongation initiation. The maintenance of 87–100 ppm N in the substrate nutrient solution, the range at which no further increase in shoot dry weight occurred, would maximize plant growth and most effectively utilize the applied fertilizer.
Screening Highbush Blueberry Cultivars for Resistance to the Aphid Illinoia pepperi1
Authors: Hancock James F. , Schulte Nancy L. , Siefker James H. , Pritts Marvin P. , Roueche Janet M.
Published: October 2022

Sixteen cultivars of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) were field screened for resistance to the blueberry aphid Illinoia pepperi (McGillivary), the vector of blueberry shoestring virus. Significant differences were observed with ‘Bluejay’, ‘Northland’, ‘Bluetta’ and ‘Bluehaven’ supporting the lowest numbers, while ‘Spartan’, ‘Darrow’, ‘Lateblue’, ‘Coville’ and ‘Jersey’ carried the highest numbers. There was no significant correlation between aphid number and new shoot number, percentage of shoots with new growth, length of new growth, leaf length or leaf width. Half of the aphids were found in the lower 1/3 of the bushes.
Levels of Inbreeding in Highbush Blueberry Cultivars1
Authors: Hancock James F. , Siefker James H.
Published: October 2022

Inbreeding coefficients were calculated for the 63 cultivars of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) released by public agencies in the United States. A steady increase in coefficients was noted from the period of 1910−1920 (F=0.00) to 1960−1970 (F=0.13). ‘Lateblue’ and ‘Flordablue’ had the highest coefficient of 0.25. Most of the genes in the cultivars came from the wild selections ‘Brooks’, ‘Sooy’ and ‘Rubel’.
Sprout Control of Nonbearing Peach with NAA1
Authors: Aldrich J. H. , Arnold C. E.
Published: October 2022

Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) ethyl ester formulation at 0.25% plus 20% flat white latex paint applied to nonbearing peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] tree trunks reduce sprouting, had no effect on tree growth, and did not induce gummosis.
Effects of Topsoil-subsoil Fertilizer and Lime Amendments on Top and Root Growth of ‘Stuart’ Pecan Seedlings in a Simulated Norfolk Soil Profile1
Authors: White A. W.
Published: October 2022

Fertilizer and lime topsoil treatments increased top and root growth of open-pollinated seedlings of ‘Stuart’ pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] under simulated Norfolk profile conditions in the greenhouse. Positive response was greatest on root growth when lime was added to the subsoil. Rate of tap root growth in the subsoil was increased 64% by increasing subsoil pH from 5.1 to 6.5. Lime additions to the subsoil reduced weights of lateral roots in the topsoil and increased yields in the subsoil. Subsoil lime at 2 and 3 meq Ca/100 g soil (pH 6.0 and 6.5) increased yields of the small feeder roots 3 and 6 fold over the untreated check (subsoil pH 5.1). Acid subsoils can be an important factor limiting growth of pecan roots under soil conditions prevalent in much of the Southeast.
Growth Regulator Effects on Ethylene Production from Calamondin Flowers1
Authors: Southwick Stephen M. , Davies Frederick S.
Published: October 2022

Ethylene production by senescing flowers of calamondin (Citrus madurensis Lour.), at rates as high as 15 nl/g fresh weight-hour did not necessarily induce absicission. Moreover, combinations of gibberellic acid (GA), calcium dihydrophosphate and 6-benzylamino purine (BA), which are known to increase fruit set in citrus, did not significantly decrease ethylene production. Abscission of calamondin fruitlets and increases in fruit set appear to be independent of ethylene production.
Effect of Planting and Harvest Dates on Yield and Quality of Overwintering Spinach1
Authors: Gonzalez Alfredo R. , Horn Roger S. , Marx David B.
Published: October 2022

A comparison was made of ‘Ozarka’ and ‘Green Valley’ spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) planted in early fall, and harvested in the fall and spring; and planted in late fall and harvested once in the spring. Fall-harvested spinach had no stems, low percentage petioles, and high percentage leaf blades with better green color and lower shear values, pH and titratable acidity as well as higher sensory evaluations than spring-harvested. Spring-harvested spinach from the late fall planting had a higher percentage of undersirable stems and petioles than spring-harvested spinach from the early fall planting.
Muskmelon Pickleworm Resistance1
Authors: Gautney T. L. , Norton J. D.
Published: October 2022

Resistance of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) to low levels of pickleworm (Diaphania nitidalis [Stoll]) was heritable whether expressed as percent damaged fruit or number of punctures per damaged fruit.
Sensory Evaluation of Vegetable Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.)
Authors: Abbott J. A. , Campbell T. A.
Published: October 2022

Appearance, flavor, texture, and overall eating quality of 20 steamed amaranths (Amaranthus spp.) were rated on hedonic scales by consumer sensory panels. Several entries of A. tricolor had nonsignificantly lower scores than spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Of the A. tricolor entries, ‘Chin’ was the best overall and ‘Tampala’ (most readily available entry in the U.S.) was intermediate. A. dubius was intermediate and A. cruentus entries were least acceptable.
Comparison of Two Methods of Hand-crossing Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp
Authors: Zary K. W. , Miller J. C.
Published: October 2022

In the paper “Comparison of Two Methods of Hand-crossing Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp” by K. W. Zary and J. C. Miller, Jr. [HortScience 17(2):246-248. 1982] there is an editing error in the abstract. Crossing method 1 should read “method 2” and method 2 should read “method 1.”
Illinois Sweet Corn Inbreds with the su se Genotype1
Authors: Rhodes A. M. , Carey E. E. , Dickinson D. B.
Published: October 2022

Eleven maize inbreds homozygous for genes sugary (su) and sugary enhancer (se) were developed as a consequence of studies to characterize the effect of se with su on car bohydrates in the kernels (2, 3, 4). These inbreds should provide useful germplasm for the development of sweet com hybrids with superior culinary quality.
‘Sunfre’ Nectarine1
Authors: Ramming David W. , Andrews Charles P.
Published: October 2022

‘Sunfre’ nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] has been released to provide a large, productive, high quality, attractive nectarine for areas in Florida which has a minimum of 500 chilling hours below 7°C.
‘Ruston Red’ Peach1
Authors: Johnson C. E. , Boudreaux J. E. , Taylor J. C. , Young W. A. , Newsom D. W. , Horn N. L.
Published: October 2022

‘Ruston Red’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was released by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station (LAES) to provide a high quality, large freestone fruit that ripens about 5 days before ‘Elberta’ or about July 20 in north Louisiana. ‘Ruston Red’ has exhibited high resistance to bacterial leaf spot [Xanthomonas Campestris pv. pruni (Smith 1903) Dye 1978] even when grown in orchards next to trees that were severely infested with the bacterium.
‘Woodard’ Pecan1
Authors: Worley Ray E. , Woodard O. J.
Published: October 2022

‘Woodard’ pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch) is an exceptionally thin-shelled nut of high percentage kernel for the inshell trade.
Culture of North American Orchids From Seed1
Authors: Myers Pamela J. , Ascher Peter D.
Published: October 2022

Dehiscence of a mature orchid fruit releases a multitude of seeds — more than a million per capsule in some species. Air currents carry the seeds, but few land on a site permitting germination; even fewer chance upon an environment suitable for development of a mature plant. The seed is microscopic and consists of the bare essentials: a seed coat modified for buoyancy, an embryo of from 8 to 100 cells, and, rarely, a small amount of undeveloped endosperm (2). All orchids require an external source of organic molecules for seed germination or seedling development. After germination, many exist for long periods, the entire life cycle in the case of true saprophytes, deriving carbohydrates and other organic molecules from exogenous sources. Various fungi, in mycorrhizal association with the orchid, provide these complex molecules.
Public Response to Water-conserving Landscapes1
Authors: Thayer Robert L.
Published: October 2022

Water has taken its place beside energy as a major resource considered to be in crisis. Landscape irrigation accounts for a substantial percentage of total residential and urban use of water in California. Horticulturists and landscape architects stand to affect the use of water in the landscape and, in turn, public attitudes and behaviors relating to water conservation.
Intergeneric Crosses within Theaceae and the Successful Hybridization of Camellia japonica and C. sasanqua with Franklinia alatamaha1
Authors: Ackerman W. L. , Williams Margot
Published: October 2022

A series of crosses were made between genera within Theaceae including Camellia, Franklinia, Stewartia, and Tutcheria. Two valid intergeneric hybrids were obtained between Camellia and Franklinia alatamaha Marsh. The first, a C. japonica L. (2n=30) × F. alatamaha (2n=36) hybrid with 33 chromosomes, was intermediate in phenotypic characteristics. The second, a C. sasanqua Thunb. (2n=90) × F. alatamaha (2n=36) with 63 chromosomes, was phenotypically very similar to the C. sasanqua parent.
Wide Crosses in Herbaceous Perennials1
Authors: Uhlinger Roger D.
Published: October 2022

A wide cross may be defined as one in which the production of viable hybrid seed is difficult when only traditional methods are using for growing or pollinating the respective parents. It assumes a level of knowledge and skill on the part of the breeder that permits him or her to be successful in making crosses among compatible parents such as those in the “primary gene pool” described by Harlan and deWet (32). Wide crosses would include hybridization of plant materials in that “primary gene pool” with those in the secondary or tertiary gene pools — or beyond. The definition implies that the breeder has a good understanding of the morphology of the reproductive organs of the cultivars/species being used, is aware of existing incompatibility mechanisms, and has access to equipment needed to manipulate plants and the environment in which they are grown. Wide crosses could include those made between: 1) species within a genus; 2) cultivars or species within a genus that differ in ploidy level; 3) cultivars or species from different genera within a family, and, 4) cultivars or species from genera in different families.
A Versatile Apparatus for Static Solution Systems1
Authors: Rietveld W. J.
Published: October 2022

Design, construction, and operation features of a static solution system include: 1) individual, independent plant containers that are easily removed without interrupting the system; 2) accurate and uniform regulation of aeration, which is introduced from the bottom of the containers; and 3) easy construction from inexpensive, readily available materials.
Pictorial Keys to Evaluate Foliar Injury Caused by Hydrogen Fluoride1
Authors: Granett A. L.
Published: October 2022

Pictorial keys were developed to aid graders in quantifying leaf injury on plants exposed to high concentrations of hydrogen fluoride gas. The keys were based on a pretransformed rating scale of 1 (no injury) to 12 (death of leaf).
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration of Hibiscus acetosella, Muskmelon, Watermelon, and Winged Bean1
Authors: Blackmon W. J. , Reynolds B. D.
Published: October 2022

Shoot regeneration has been obtained from leaf and/or cotyledon explants of winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) D.C.], Hibiscus acetoseiia Welw. ex. Hiern, muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), and watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mat-sum & Nakai] on 2 media designated HC and BR-1.
Effects of Temperature on the Germination of Selected Wildflower Seeds1
Authors: Kaspar M. J. , McWilliams E. L.
Published: October 2022

Seeds of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt., Ipomopsis rubra (L.) Wherry, Linum perenne L., and Asclepias tuberosa L. were germinated under constant light at 155 ± 10 μEm−2sec−1 on a thermogradient plate to determine optimum temperatures for germination. Optimum temperatures were 30°C for C. tinctoria, 25° for L. perenne and 30° for A. tuberosa. I. rubra exhibited poor germination at all temperatures in light. C. tinctoria, L. perenne and A. tuberosa germinated within temperature ranges of 15° to 35°, 15° to 25°, and 25° to 35°, respectively. A. tuberosa was the slowest germinating of the 3 species.
Trickle Irrigation Rates and Chrysanthemum Cut Flower Production1
Authors: Harbaugh B. K. , Stanley C. D. , Price J. F.
Published: October 2022

The minimum water requirement to produce the greatest number of marketa- bie cut flowers of Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. ‘Manatee Yellow Iceberg’ was 35 cm with trickle irrigation, a 91% reduction in water uses as compared to overhead irrigation systems. Linear responses for fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, leaf number, and flower number between 13.6 and 40.7 cm of water supplied during production indicated that an additional 6 cm of water would improve marketable stem's quality.
Snapdragon Production with Supplemental Irradiation from High-pressure Sodium Lamps1
Authors: Stefanis James P. , Langhans Robert W.
Published: October 2022

Supplemental high-pressure sodium (HPS) irradiation of greenhouse-grown snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus L.) at a quantum flux density (QFD) of 105 ± 15 μE m−2s−1 reduced winter flowering time and increased fresh weight and stem length. Flowering time, fresh weight, and stem length were equal when plants were grown at both summer (8 × 10 cm) and winter (10 × 13 cm) spacings under HPS lamps, thereby increasing winter production/m2 by 63%. Reductions in flowering time and increases in fresh weight and stem length for cultivars grown under HPS lamps during the spring were smaller than for plants grown under HPS lamps during the winter. Differences in cultivar response were found in both studies.
Effect of Ammonium and Nitrate Nitrogen on Growth of Poinsettia1
Authors: Gaffney J. M. , Lindstrom R. S. , McDaniel A. R. , Lewis A. J.
Published: October 2022

Rooted cuttings of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex. Klotzsch cvs. Annette Hegg Dark Red and Eckespoint C-1 Red) were grown under a 16-hour photoperiod in aggregate culture to determine the influence of NH4-N and NO3-N on plant growth. Plant height, number of nodes, and shoot dry weight were reduced with NH4 in comparison to NO3.NH4:NO3 combinations containing more than 50% (6 meq) NO3 produced superior growth. Stunting, leaf chlorosis and abscission, and stubby brown roots were observed on plants receiving any level of NH4 in the nutrient solution and increased in severity as the NH4 concentration increased. Inferior growth observed with the NH4 treatments was not due solely to the higher levels of Cl and SO4 in those solutions.
Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum André) Vase Life Evaluation Criteria1
Authors: Paull Robert E.
Published: October 2022

Rating scales and their descriptions are described for spadix condition, spathe discoloration, and gloss for anthurium inflorescence.
Deep Supercooling in Roses1 2
Authors: Rajashekar C. , Pellett H. M. , Burke M. J.
Published: October 2022

Deep supercooling of stem tissue water was found in all the native species of rose (Rosa spp.) studied. Freezing of this supercooled water was associated with injury to the stems, indicating that maximum cold hardiness of these species is limited to about −40°C. Therefore, these species have some potential for use in breeding to develop cold-hardy cultivated roses, but their hardiness would be limited to −40°C by the supercooling characteristic.
Effect of Nutrition, Soil Water Content, and Duration of Storage on Quality of Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don ‘Rudolph Roehrs’1
Authors: Ben-Jaacov J. , Poole R. T. , Conover C. A.
Published: October 2022

Dieffenbachia ‘Rudolph Roehrs’ plants were fertilized at 80, 160, and 240 mg/15-cm pot nitrogen and 80 and 240 mg/15-cm pot potassium every 2 weeks for 5 months, and placed in dark storage for 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Fertilization level did not affect development of leaf senescence or chlorosis during storage, but duration of storage did affect plant quality. Watering plants 24 hours prior to storing, or 10 days before storing, led to a difference in water usage by plants but did not affect storability. The main effect on quality reduction was duration of the dark period.
Influence of Ethephon and Light Intensity on Growth and Acclimatization of Ficus benjamina1
Authors: Johnson C. R. , McConnell D. B. , Joiner J. N.
Published: October 2022

Soil drench of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 500 or 1000 mg (active ingredient)/25-cm pot, caused prostrate growth habit and fruit set on Ficus benjamina L. grown in full sun or 47% shade. Leaves of sun plants generally had a mesophyll with multiple palisade layers, while shade plants had only limited regions of multiple cells. Ethephon treatments reduced intercellular spaces in palisade and spongy mesophyll cells, particularly near leaf margins. High shoot/root ratios, reduced leaf area, and heavy leaf drop during an interior phase occurred with ethephon treatment, especially plants grown under full sun.
Chemical Root Pruning of Coniferous Seedlings1
Authors: Burdett A. N. , Martin P. A. F.
Published: October 2022

Conifer seedlings of 10 species from 6 genera were raised in containers coated on the inside with basic cupric carbonate in latex paint. The copper paint prevented lateral roots from growing down or around the container wall. After transplanting, the chemically root-pruned stock was capable, in most cases, of vigorous root growth. The effectiveness of the chemical root pruning treatment varied with species, container size, growing medium, and the concentration of cupric carbonate in the container wall coating.
Effect of Potassium Fertilization and Season on Fresh Market Tomato Quality Characters1
Authors: Picha D. H. , Hall C. B.
Published: October 2022

Fruit quality characteristics of ‘Healani’, ‘Homestead-24% ‘Walter’, and ‘Flora-Dade’ tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were determined during the spring and fall season from plants fertilized with 0, 93, 186, 372, and 744 kg K/ha. Reducing sugars, dry weight, and pH were higher in the spring, while titratable acidity was higher in the fall. ‘Healani’ had the highest and ‘Flora-Dade’ had the lowest soluble solids, reducing sugars, dry weight, and pH in each season. Titratable acidity increased with increasing K rate during both seasons, while pH decreased with increasing K rate only during the spring. Each cultivar, except ‘Flora-Dade’, had a higher reducing sugar content with 744 compared to 0 kg K/ha in the spring.
Rooting Studies of Dormant Muscadine Grape Cuttings1
Authors: Goode D. K. , Krewer G. W. , Lane R. P. , Daniell J. W. , Couvillon G. A.
Published: October 2022

Dormant cuttings of muscadine grape, Vitis rotundifolia Michx., rooted best early in the dormant season, although root quality was poor and the percentage rooting was low. Large-diameter cuttings rooted better than small-diameter cuttings. A high percentage of cuttings with aerial roots produced additional root growth. Medium heating was necessary for root formation. No significant rooting response was observed with indolebutyric acid (IBA), (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon), precallousing, sucrose treatments, or with mallet cuttings.
Fruit Thinning and Russeting Effects of Oxamyl on Apple1
Authors: Meyer Ronald H.
Published: October 2022

Methyl N’N’-dimethyl-N-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]-1-thiooxaminidate (oxamyl)-thinned fruit of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), as did naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1-naphthyl N-methyl carbamate (carbaryl). At 12- and 13-mm diameter fruit size, an increase in concentration of oxamyl sprays increased thinning. Oxamyl produced increasingly severe russet on ‘Golden Delicious’ at concentrations above 300 ppm.