bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invertebrate recruitment on artificial substrates in the Red Sea: role of substrate type and orientation
Authors: Siddik A.A. , Al-Sofyani A.A. , Ba-Akdah M.A. , Satheesh S.
Published: October 2018

Surface physical properties, hydrodynamics, biochemical cues, orientation and temporal scales play an important role in invertebrate larval recruitment on artificial substrates. In the present study, invertebrate recruitment on four different substrates (acrylic, stainless steel, ceramic and concrete panels) was investigated in two different orientations (vertical and horizontal) in the central Red Sea. Results showed significant variations in the abundance of benthic invertebrates between the different substrates. While barnacles and bivalves preferred panels placed in vertical positions, the abundance of bryozoans was high on horizontal panels. Artificial panel submersion season plays a significant role in the recruitment of benthic invertebrates on surfaces in the Red Sea. In conclusion, this study supports the overall notion that marine invertebrate recruitment on hard substrates is regulated by a combination of factors which include substrate type, orientation and submersion season.
MarketizingHindutva: The state, society, and markets in Hindu nationalism
Authors: CHACKO PRIYA
Published: October 2018

The embrace of markets and globalization by radical political parties is often taken as reflecting and facilitating the moderation of their ideologies. This article considers the case of Hindu nationalism, orHindutva, in India. It is argued that, rather than resulting in the moderation of Hindu nationalism, mainstream economic ideas are adopted and adapted by its proponents to further theHindutvaproject. Hence, until the 1990s, the Hindu nationalist political party, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), its earlier incarnation, the Jana Sangh, and the grass-roots organization, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), adopted and adapted mainstream ideas by emphasizing the state as the protector of (Hindu) society against markets and as a tool of societal transformation for its Hindu nationalist support base. Since the 1990s, Indian bureaucratic and political elites, including in the BJP, have adopted a view of the market as the main driver of societal transformations. Under the leadership of Narendra Modi, in particular, the BJP has sought to consolidate a broader support base and stimulate economic growth and job creation by bolstering the corporate sector and recreating the middle and ‘neo-middle’ classes as ‘virtuous market citizens’ who view themselves as entrepreneurs and consumers but whose behaviour is regulated by the framework of Hindu nationalism. These policies, however, remain contested within the Hindu nationalist movement and in Indian society generally. The BJP's discourse against ‘anti-nationals’ and the use of legal sanctions against dissent is an attempt to curb these challenges.
Cognitive opacity and the analysis of faith: acts of faith interiorized through a glass only darkly
Authors: MCKAUGHAN DANIEL J.
Published: October 2018

In conversation with Morgan (2015), I point out that the view ofrelational faithI have elsewhere defended (McKaughan 2013, 2016, 2017) fits rather well with the understanding ofpististhat emerges from Morgan's careful reading of New Testament texts. Moreover, the fact that New Testament authors display little interest in examining interior aspects of faith makes it difficult to justify the claim that their understanding of thepistislexiconrequiresbelieving in the modern sense as the attitude Christians must take towards relevant content, in contrast to various other positive but non-doxastic attitudes that philosophers recognize today. Such faith is of contemporary interest, given its congruity with early Christian tradition, the role it can play in helping relationships to persevere through various kinds of challenges (including doubts significant enough to preclude believing), and for the wide range of evidential circumstances in which it can be enacted with intellectual integrity.
Games, banquets, handouts, and the population of Pompeii as deduced from a new tomb inscription
Authors: Osanna Massimo
Published: October 2018

A monumental tomb has been discovered at Pompeii in the Stabian Gate area during renovation work on a public building, constructed in the early 19th c., that currently houses the offices of the Archaeological Park. The tomb is part of a necropolis that developed alongside an important gate in the S sector of the city walls. In this area, 19th-c. investigations brought to light the gate as well as a section of paved road and two schola tombs in grey tuff, set directly on the left side of those leaving the city, on public ground and therefore authorised by the ordo decurionum (fig, 1). The first of the tombs is that of Marcus Tullius, a prominent figure in Pompeian society known for the dedication of the Temple of Fortuna Augusta; the second belongs to the duumvir Marcus Alleius Minius. Research was first conducted here by A. Maiuri, then again in the period 2001-2 when an additional stretch of paved road and two tombs on its right side were brought to light. The new, ongoing excavation, launched in 2016 to consolidate the foundations of the 19th-c. building but complicated by that building's looming presence, led to the rediscovery of a monumental tomb which had actually been found, partially excavated and robbed at the moment of the construction of the 19th-c. building.
Aortopexy and thymectomy through lower partial sternotomy for the treatment of airway compression in a patient with right lung agenesis
Authors: Lim Jae H. , Kwak Jae G. , Lee Ji-Hyun
Published: October 2018

We managed a case of extrinsic airway compression by adjacent structures in a 1-month-old boy with right lung agenesis and dextro-rotated heart using anterior aortopexy and near total thymectomy.
Language dominance predicts cognate effects and inhibitory control in young adult bilinguals
Authors: ROBINSON ANTHONY JONATHAN J.D. , BLUMENFELD HENRIKE K.
Published: October 2018

Determining bilingual status has been complicated by varying interpretations of what it means to be bilingual and how to quantify bilingual experience. We examined multiple indices of language dominance (self-reported proficiency, self-reported exposure, expressive language knowledge, receptive language knowledge, and a hybrid), and whether these profiles related to performance on linguistic and cognitive tasks. Participants were administered receptive and expressive vocabulary tasks in English and Spanish, and a nonlinguistic spatial Stroop task. Analyses revealed a relation between dominance profiles and cognate and nonlinguistic Stroop effects, with somewhat different patterns emerging across measures of language dominance and variable type (continuous, categorical). Only a hybrid definition of language dominance accounted for cognate effects in the dominant language, as well as nonlinguistic spatial Stroop effects. Findings suggest that nuanced effects, such as cross-linguistic cognate effects in a dominant language and cognitive control abilities, may be particularly sensitive to operational definitions of language status.
The extinct tree fern Tempskya Corda from the Albian of Spain: palaeophytogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications
Authors: Sender Luis M. , Nishida Harufumi , Diez José B.
Published: October 2018

New evidence of the extinct tree fern of the genus Tempskya Corda from Albian deposits in western Eurasia (northeastern Spain) is presented. These plant fossil remains consist of several silicified false trunks measuring up to 1.20m long, some of which still preserve the apex. Rhizomes and petioles are more abundant in the apical zone of the false trunk. Some false trunks preserve charcoalified tissues that can be interpreted as evidence that palaeo-wildfires affected the false trunks several times from mostly the same direction. Sedimentological evidence suggests that the fern habitat was close to coastal, tidally influenced environments. These new fossils from the Albian of Spain fill the chronological and distributional gap of Tempskya that existed in Eurasia during the Early Cretaceous. Temporal and spatial changes in Tempskya distributions are proposed on several palaeogeographical maps.
The Joint Contribution of Motivation and Coping to Prisoners’ Well-Being
Authors: Ávila María , Sanjuán Pilar
Published: October 2018

Motivation and coping are two of the most relevant factors associated to well-being. One of our objectives was to describe the motivation to pursue the personal goals, the coping strategies used to pursue them, and the levels of well-being experienced, in a group of people serving prison sentences (n = 175: 143 males and 32 females). We mainly wanted to study the joint contribution of motivation and coping on their well-being. The results have shown that motivation and coping contribute to the different dimensions of well-being. Specifically, we have found that autonomous motivation (AM) as well as problem solving (PS) and positive cognitive restructuring (PCR) coping positively predict self-acceptance (β = .12, p = .06; β = .17, p < .05; β = .24, p < .01 respectively), purpose in life (β = .12, p = .06; β = .35, p < .001 and β = .24, p < .001 respectively) and positive affect (β = .13, p = .06; β = .29, p < .001 and β = .28, p < .001 respectively). Personal growth was positively predicted by AM (β = .21, p < .01) and PCR coping (β = .21, p < .01), and negatively by avoidance coping (β = –.16, p < .05). Negative affect was positively predicted by social support (β = .16, p < .05) and avoidance (β = .42, p < .001) coping. None of the variables analyzed predicted life satisfaction. The results suggest that well-being promotion programs in prison settings should encourage the pursuit of goals by AM and the use of PS and PCR coping to achieve these goals.
Modernism Romanced: Imaginary Geography in Jerzy Żuławski'sThe Lunar Trilogy
Authors: Wodzyński Łukasz
Published: October 2018

The article examines the imaginary geography of Jerzy Żuławski'sThe Lunar Trilogy–On the Silver Globe(1903),The Conqueror(1910), andThe Old Earth(1911) – focusing on the relationship between the author's modernist sensibilities and the trilogy's adoption of the nascent science fiction genre. While modernism and popular fiction are usually placed on opposite ends of the literary spectrum, the example of Żuławski demonstrates that popular fiction was a valuable tool for modernist authors who sought to overcome the limits of realist conventions but were reluctant to alienate the mass readership. Drawing inspiration from the broadly-conceived spatial turn in the humanities, the article positions Żuławski and his work within the literary tradition that utilizes the romance mode (as defined by Northrop Frye, Fredric Jameson, and others) to reflect on modern subjectivity and its relations with what Max Weber called the “disenchanted world.”
Imaging and endovascular management of traumatic pelvic fractures with vascular injuries
Authors: van den Berg Jos C.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This paper will give an overview of the relevant anatomy, management and imaging, aspects as well as therapeutic aspects of traumatic pelvic fractures with vascular injuries.
Groundwater Depletion and Associated CO2 Emissions in India
Authors: Mishra Vimal , Asoka Akarsh , Vatta Kamal , Lall Upmanu
Published: October 2018

India, the world's largest groundwater user, withdraws about 230‐billion‐m3 groundwater annually for irrigation. Excessive groundwater pumping in India leads to rapid groundwater depletion and CO2 emissions. Here using multiple data sources (observation wells and Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment) to estimate groundwater depletion in India, as well as the associated chemistry and the pumping energy requirements, we provide the first estimate of the potential CO2 emissions due to bicarbonate extraction (CO2 release due to lowering of groundwater table) and groundwater pumping. We show that combined annual CO2 release due to bicarbonate extraction and pumping in India is approximately 32.01–131.74 million tons (31.29–131.02 million tons for pumping and 0.72 million tons for bicarbonate). The total estimated groundwater depletion in India is in the range of 122 to 199 billion m3 from the observation wells (1996–2016) and Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment (2002–2016). The CO2 emissions due to bicarbonate (~0.72 million tons/year) are dominated by those due to groundwater pumping (31.29–131.02 million tons/year) in India. However, the total (pumping and bicarbonate) estimated annual CO2 emission from groundwater is less than 2–7% of the total (annual) CO2 emission from India. Based on our unique data set collected from more than 500 farmers in Punjab, we show that a low‐cost intervention for irrigation scheduling based on soil moisture information can provide a sustainable solution by reducing groundwater pumping and CO2 emissions. The environmental problem of groundwater depletion in India is much more serious than the associated CO2 emissions, and hence, there is an urgent need for a regulation of groundwater use.
Integrated Workflow Approach for Petroleum Engineering Problems
Authors: Sanni Moshood
Published: October 2018

The author of a new book describes the challenges faced in making calculations for hydrocarbon exploration and extraction and how an integrated workflow approach can reduce uncertainties.
On the Modified Circumpolar Deep Water Upwelling Over the Four Ladies Bank in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica
Authors: Liu Chengyan , Wang Zhaomin , Cheng Chen , Wu Yang , Xia Ruibin , Li Bingrui , Li Xiang
Published: October 2018

Analyses of hydrographic observation data sets revealed that modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) tends to flood the western flank (73–78°E, 67–68°S) of the Four Ladies Bank (FLB) in Prydz Bay. In this study, we investigated the mechanism responsible for mCDW upwelling over the FLB based on an eddy‐resolving coupled ocean‐sea ice‐ice shelf model in conjunction with the latest high‐accuracy bathymetry. It was found that zonal step‐like declines in the seabed over the FLB are crucial for the mCDW onshore upwelling, through topographic dynamic effects on the alongshore Antarctic Slope Current. In the presence of meridional cross‐shelf σθ isopycnals, warm mCDW at ~500‐m depth in the deep sea can make its approach to the shallower continental shelf (~200‐ to 500‐m depths), characterized as a warm layer (> −1.8 °C) bounded by the cross‐shelf σθ isopycnal surfaces of 27.5 and 27.7 kg/m3. The simulated outflow of the Prydz Bay gyre is concentrated to the eastern flank of the Prydz Channel. These results suggest that, in addition to the depressions and troughs around the Antarctic, smaller topographic features such as step‐like declines in the seabed near the Antarctic Slope Current are also favorable for onshore mCDW intrusion. This study demonstrates that mCDW onshore transport around the Antarctic continental shelf might be significantly underestimated by numerical models with coarse spatial representations of the topography.
A Detailed Model of the Irish High Voltage Power Network for Simulating GICs
Authors: Blake Seán P. , Gallagher Peter T. , Campanyà Joan , Hogg Colin , Beggan Ciarán D. , Thomson Alan W. P. , Richardson Gemma S. , Bell David
Published: October 2018

Constructing a power network model for geomagnetically induced current (GIC) calculations requires information on the DC resistances of elements within a network. This information is often not known, and power network models are simplified as a result, with assumptions used for network element resistances. Ireland's relatively small, isolated network presents an opportunity to model a complete power network in detail, using as much real‐world information as possible. A complete model of the Irish 400, 275, 220, and 110 kV network was made for GIC calculations, with detailed information on the number, type, and DC resistances of transformers. The measured grounding resistances at a number of substations were also included in the model, which represents a considerable improvement on previous models of the Irish power network for GIC calculations. Sensitivity tests were performed to show how calculated GIC amplitudes are affected by different aspects of the model. These tests investigated: (1) How the orientation of a uniform electric field affects GICs. (2) The effect of including/omitting lower voltage elements of the power network. (3) How the substation grounding resistances assumptions affected GIC values. It was found that changing the grounding resistance value had a considerable effect on calculated GICs at some substations and no discernible effect at others. Finally, five recent geomagnetic storm events were simulated in the network. It was found that heavy rainfall prior to the 26–28 August 2015 geomagnetic storm event may have had a measurable impact on measured GIC amplitudes at a 400/220 kV transformer ground.
Assessment of Current Capabilities in Modeling the Ionospheric Climatology for Space Weather Applications: foF2 and hmF2
Authors: Tsagouri Ioanna , Goncharenko Larisa , Shim Ja Soon , Belehaki Anna , Buresova Dalia , Kuznetsova Maria M.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents preliminary results of a metrics‐based assessment of current modeling capabilities in predicting the ionospheric climatology for two ionospheric characteristics, the foF2 and hmF2. This work is part of the activities of the Ionosphere Working Group of the International Forum for Space Weather Modeling Capabilities Assessment that is facilitated by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center. The results are based on the comparison between modeled and observed monthly medians of the foF2 and hmF2. Modeling formulations considered here include two empirical models (the International Reference Ionosphere [IRI] and Massachusetts Institute of Technology [MIT] Empirical model), as well as two physics‐based, coupled ionosphere‐thermosphere models (the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics [CTIPe] and Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model [TIE‐GCM]). The comparisons were carried out in year 2012 over seven ionospheric locations distributed worldwide in the Northern Hemisphere. Based on our findings, although significant errors are occasionally obtained from all modeling approaches, empirical models tend to provide systematically better correlation with the observed medians and follow the observed distributions more successfully, offering smaller prediction errors than the physics‐based ones. In case of foF2, the averaged prediction accuracy in terms of root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) ranges around 1.5 MHz for physics‐based models and 0.5 MHz for empirical models. In case of hmF2, it ranges around 30 and 20 km, respectively. The prediction accuracy presents strong seasonal and local time dependence, which differs for different models and ionospheric characteristics (i.e., foF2 or hmF2): it is strong for physics‐based models, weaker for IRI, and very weak for MIT empirical model. This latter outcome may provide suggestive input for future improvements.
Alterations in sperm long RNA contribute to the epigenetic inheritance of the effects of postnatal trauma
Authors: Gapp K. , van Steenwyk G. , Germain P. L. , Matsushima W. , Rudolph K. L. M. , Manuella F. , Roszkowski M. , Vernaz G. , Ghosh T. , Pelczar P. , Mansuy I. M. , Miska E. A.
Published: October 2018

Psychiatric diseases have a strong heritable component known to not be restricted to DNA sequence-based genetic inheritance alone but to also involve epigenetic factors in germ cells. Initial evidence suggested that sperm RNA is causally linked to the transmission of symptoms induced by traumatic experiences. Here, we show that alterations in long RNA in sperm contribute to the inheritance of specific trauma symptoms. Injection of long RNA fraction from sperm of males exposed to postnatal trauma recapitulates the effects on food intake, glucose response to insulin and risk-taking in adulthood whereas the small RNA fraction alters body weight and behavioural despair. Alterations in long RNA are maintained after fertilization, suggesting a direct link between sperm and embryo RNA.
Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation route of administration on gut colonization and host response in preterm pigs
Authors: Brunse Anders , Martin Lena , Rasmussen Torben Sølbeck , Christensen Lars , Skovsted Cilieborg Malene , Wiese Maria , Khakimov Bekzod , Pieper Robert , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Sangild Per Torp , Thymann Thomas
Published: October 2018

This study examined gut colonization patterns and host responses to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) by different administration routes after preterm birth. In two separate experiments, cesarean-delivered, preterm pigs were administered combined oral + rectal, or exclusively rectal donor feces, and compared with saline controls. After 5 days, stomach and colon bacterial compositions were determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and organic acid metabolites measured. Further, gut pathology, mucosa bacterial adherence, and goblet cell density were assessed. FMT increased the relative abundance of obligate anaerobes in the colon without affecting total bacterial load. Bacteroides colonized recipients despite low abundance in the donor feces, whereas highly abundant Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae did not. Further, FMT changed carbohydrate metabolism from lactate to propionate production thereby increasing colonic pH. Besides, FMT preserved goblet cell mucin stores and reduced necrotizing enterocolitis incidence. Only rectal FMT increased the stomach-to-colon pH gradient and resistance to mucosa bacterial adhesion. Conversely, oral + rectal FMT increased bacterial adhesion, internal organ colonization, and overall mortality. Our results uncovered distinctions in bacterial colonization patterns along the gastrointestinal tract, as well as host tolerability between oral and rectal FMT administration in preterm newborns. Besides, FMT showed the potential to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis.
A globally distributed Syndiniales parasite dominates the Southern Ocean micro-eukaryote community near the sea-ice edge
Authors: Clarke Laurence J , Bestley Sophie , Bissett Andrew , Deagle Bruce E
Published: October 2018

Syndiniales (Dinophyceae, Alveolata) are a diverse parasitic group common in all marine environments, but their ecological role remains poorly understood. Here we show an unprecedented dominance of a single Syndiniales group I operational taxonomic unit (OTU) across 3000 km of Southern Ocean transects near the sea-ice edge. This super-abundant OTU consistently represented >20%, and in some locations >50%, of eukaryote 18S rDNA sequences. Identical 18S V4 sequences have been isolated from seven Northern Hemisphere locations, and the OTU’s putative V9 rDNA sequence was detected at every station of the global Tara Oceans voyage. Although Syndiniales taxa display some host specificity, our identification of candidate Southern Ocean hosts suggests this OTU associates with distinct phyla in different parts of the world. Our results indicate Syndiniales are key players in surface waters near the vast and dynamic sea-ice edge in the world’s most biologically productive ocean.
Autism, early psychosis, and social anxiety disorder: understanding the role of social cognition and its relationship to disability in young adults with disorders characterized by social impairments
Authors: Pepper K. L. , Demetriou E. A. , Park S. H. , Song Y. C. , Hickie I. B. , Cacciotti-Saija C. , Langdon R. , Piguet O. , Kumfor F. , Thomas E. E. , Guastella A. J.
Published: October 2018

Impairments in social cognition are believed contribute to disability, particularly for disorders characterized by difficulties in social interaction. There has been little transdiagnostic investigation of this across social cognition domains in young adults. A total of 199 young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N = 53), early psychosis (EP; N = 51), and social anxiety disorder (SAD; N = 64) were compared against neurotypical controls (NT; N = 31) on a battery of lower and higher-order and self-report social cognition measures. For both ASD and EP, participants showed impaired performance on all lower-order emotion recognition tasks and one higher-order social cognition test. Self-reports of empathy were reduced in all clinical groups and particularly in ASD. For SAD, despite showing no objective social cognition impairment, self-reported empathy was reduced to the same level as EP. Discriminant analysis revealed that self-reported empathy and lower-order emotion recognition tests provide best capacity to differentiate groups. Regressions predicting disability revealed depression as the strongest predictor across all disability measures. Empathy provided additional predictive value for social disability and social interaction anxiety. Overall, results support a similar social-cognitive development profile across ASD and EP. While self-reported empathy differentiated between groups, discrepancy between objective social cognition test performance and self-reported empathy in the SAD group suggests probable threat-related self-monitoring report biases that likely further influence all group outcomes. As depression and empathy were the most important predictors of disability, regardless of diagnostic group, research is required to explore targeted interventions for difficulties in these domains to reduce disability.
TRPV4 and KRAS and FGFR1 gain-of-function mutations drive giant cell lesions of the jaw
Authors: Gomes Carolina Cavalieri , Gayden Tenzin , Bajic Andrea , Harraz Osama F. , Pratt Jonathan , Nikbakht Hamid , Bareke Eric , Diniz Marina Gonçalves , Castro Wagner Henriques , St-Onge Pascal , Sinnett Daniel , Han HyeRim , Rivera Barbara , Mikael Leonie G. , De Jay Nicolas , Kleinman Claudia L. , Valera Elvis Terci , Bassenden Angelia V. , Berghuis Albert M. , Majewski Jacek , Nelson Mark T. , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Jabado Nada
Published: October 2018

Giant cell lesions of the jaw (GCLJ) are debilitating tumors of unknown origin with limited available therapies. Here, we analyze 58 sporadic samples using next generation or targeted sequencing and report somatic, heterozygous, gain-of-function mutations inKRAS, FGFR1, and p.M713V/I-TRPV4in 72% (42/58) of GCLJ.TRPV4p.M713V/I mutations are exclusive to central GCLJ and occur at a critical position adjacent to the cation permeable pore of the channel. Expression of TRPV4 mutants in HEK293 cells leads to increased cell death, as well as increased constitutive and stimulated channel activity, both of which can be prevented using TRPV4 antagonists. Furthermore, these mutations induce sustained activation of ERK1/2, indicating that their effects converge with that ofKRASandFGFR1mutations on the activation of the MAPK pathway in GCLJ. Our data extend the spectrum of TRPV4 channelopathies and provide rationale for the use of TRPV4 and RAS/MAPK antagonists at the bedside in GCLJ.
Microfluidic-spinning construction of black-phosphorus-hybrid microfibres for non-woven fabrics toward a high energy density flexible supercapacitor
Authors: Wu Xingjiang , Xu Yijun , Hu Ying , Wu Guan , Cheng Hengyang , Yu Qiang , Zhang Kai , Chen Wei , Chen Su
Published: October 2018

Flexible supercapacitors have recently attracted intense interest. However, achieving high energy density via practical materials and synthetic techniques is a major challenge. Here, we develop a hetero-structured material made of black phosphorous that is chemically bridged with carbon nanotubes. Using a microfluidic-spinning technique, the hybrid black phosphorous–carbon nanotubes are further assembled into non-woven fibre fabrics that deliver high performance as supercapacitor electrodes. The flexible supercapacitor exhibits high energy density (96.5 mW h cm−3), large volumetric capacitance (308.7 F cm−3), long cycle stability and durability upon deformation. The key to performance lies in the open two-dimensional structure of the black phosphorous/carbon nanotubes, plentiful channels (pores <1 nm), enhanced conduction, and mechanical stability as well as fast ion transport and ion flooding. Benefiting from this design, high-energy flexible supercapacitors can power various electronics (e.g., light emitting diodes, smart watches and displays). Such designs may guide the development of next-generation wearable electronics.
Publisher Correction: Carrier density and disorder tuned superconductor-metal transition in a two-dimensional electron system
Authors: Chen Zhuoyu , Swartz Adrian G. , Yoon Hyeok , Inoue Hisashi , Merz Tyler A. , Lu Di , Xie Yanwu , Yuan Hongtao , Hikita Yasuyuki , Raghu Srinivas , Hwang Harold Y.
Published: October 2018

The original HTML version of this Article omitted to list Harold Y. Hwang as a corresponding author and incorrectly listed Adrian G. Swartz as a corresponding author. This has been corrected in the HTML version of the Article. The PDF version was correct from the time of publication.
Non-equilibrium anisotropic colloidal single crystal growth with DNA
Authors: Seo Soyoung E. , Girard Martin , Olvera de la Cruz Monica , Mirkin Chad A.
Published: October 2018

Anisotropic colloidal crystals are materials with novel optical and electronic properties. However, experimental observations of colloidal single crystals have been limited to relatively isotropic habits. Here, we show DNA-mediated crystallization of two types of nanoparticles with different hydrodynamic radii that form highly anisotropic, hexagonal prism microcrystals with AB2 crystallographic symmetry. The DNA directs the nanoparticles to assemble into a non-equilibrium crystal shape that is enclosed by the highest surface energy facets (AB2(10$$\overline 1$$

1

¯

0) and AB2(0001)). Simulations and theoretical arguments show that this observation is a consequence of large energy barriers between different terminations of the AB2(10$$\overline 1$$

1

¯

0) facet, which results in a significant deceleration of the (10$$\overline 1$$

1

¯

0) facet growth rate. In addition to reporting a hexagonal colloidal crystal habit, this work introduces a potentially general plane multiplicity mechanism for growing non-equilibrium crystal shapes, an advance that will be useful for designing colloidal crystal habits with important applications in both optics and photocatalysis.
Reciprocal inhibition of YAP/TAZ and NF-κB regulates osteoarthritic cartilage degradation
Authors: Deng Yujie , Lu Jinqiu , Li Wenling , Wu Ailing , Zhang Xu , Tong Wenxue , Ho Kiwai Kevin , Qin Ling , Song Hai , Mak Kinglun Kingston
Published: October 2018

Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of pain and disability in the aged population due to articular cartilage damage. This warrants investigation of signaling mechanisms that could protect cartilage from degeneration and degradation. Here we show in a murine model of experimental osteoarthritis that YAP activation by transgenic overexpression or by deletion of its upstream inhibitory kinases Mst1/2 preserves articular cartilage integrity, whereas deletion of YAP in chondrocytes promotes cartilage disruption. Our work shows that YAP is both necessary and sufficient for the maintenance of cartilage homeostasis in osteoarthritis. Mechanistically, inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα or IL-1β, trigger YAP/TAZ degradation through TAK1-mediated phosphorylation. Furthermore, YAP directly interacts with TAK1 and attenuates NF-κB signaling by inhibiting substrate accessibility of TAK1. Our study establishes a reciprocal antagonism between Hippo-YAP/TAZ and NF-κB signaling in regulating the induction of matrix-degrading enzyme expression and cartilage degradation during osteoarthritis pathogenesis.
H3K9 methyltransferases and demethylases control lung tumor-propagating cells and lung cancer progression
Authors: Rowbotham S. P. , Li F. , Dost A. F. M. , Louie S. M. , Marsh B. P. , Pessina P. , Anbarasu C. R. , Brainson C. F. , Tuminello S. J. , Lieberman A. , Ryeom S. , Schlaeger T. M. , Aronow B. J. , Watanabe H. , Wong K. K. , Kim C. F.
Published: October 2018

Epigenetic regulators are attractive anticancer targets, but the promise of therapeutic strategies inhibiting some of these factors has not been proven in vivo or taken into account tumor cell heterogeneity. Here we show that the histone methyltransferase G9a, reported to be a therapeutic target in many cancers, is a suppressor of aggressive lung tumor-propagating cells (TPCs). Inhibition of G9a drives lung adenocarcinoma cells towards the TPC phenotype by de-repressing genes which regulate the extracellular matrix. Depletion of G9a during tumorigenesis enriches tumors in TPCs and accelerates disease progression metastasis. Depleting histone demethylases represses G9a-regulated genes and TPC phenotypes. Demethylase inhibition impairs lung adenocarcinoma progression in vivo. Therefore, inhibition of G9a is dangerous in certain cancer contexts, and targeting the histone demethylases is a more suitable approach for lung cancer treatment. Understanding cellular context and specific tumor populations is critical when targeting epigenetic regulators in cancer for future therapeutic development.
Population genomics of parallel evolution in gene expression and gene sequence during ecological adaptation
Authors: Rivas María José , Saura María , Pérez-Figueroa Andrés , Panova Marina , Johansson Tomas , André Carl , Caballero Armando , Rolán-Alvarez Emilio , Johannesson Kerstin , Quesada Humberto
Published: October 2018

Natural selection often produces parallel phenotypic changes in response to a similar adaptive challenge. However, the extent to which parallel gene expression differences and genomic divergence underlie parallel phenotypic traits and whether they are decoupled or not remains largely unexplored. We performed a population genomic study of parallel ecological adaptation among replicate ecotype pairs of the rough periwinkle (Littorina saxatilis) at a regional geographical scale (NW Spain). We show that genomic changes underlying parallel phenotypic divergence followed a complex pattern of both repeatable differences and of differences unique to specific ecotype pairs, in which parallel changes in expression or sequence are restricted to a limited set of genes. Yet, the majority of divergent genes were divergent either for gene expression or coding sequence, but not for both simultaneously. Overall, our findings suggest that divergent selection significantly contributed to the process of parallel molecular differentiation among ecotype pairs, and that changes in expression and gene sequence underlying phenotypic divergence could, at least to a certain extent, be considered decoupled processes.
An integrated impedance biosensor platform for detection of pathogens in poultry products
Authors: Liu Jiayu , Jasim Ibrahem , Abdullah Amjed , Shen Zhenyu , Zhao Lu , El-Dweik Majed , Zhang Shuping , Almasri Mahmoud
Published: October 2018

This paper presents an impedance-based biosensor for rapid and simultaneous detection of Salmonella serotypes B, D, and E with very low concentration. The biosensor consists of a focusing region, and three detection regions. The cells focusing was achieved using a ramp down electroplated vertical electrode pair along with tilted thin film finger pairs that generate p-DEP forces to focus and concentrate the bacterial cells into the center of the microchannel, and direct them toward the detection region. The detection regions consist of three interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEA), each with 20 pairs of finger coated with a mixture of anti-Salmonella antibody and crosslinker to enhance the adhesion to IDEA. The impedance changes as the target Salmonella binds to the antibody. The biosensor has showed excellent performance as proven by the detection of a single Salmonella serotype B, and simultaneous detection of two Salmonella serotypes B and D with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8 Cells/ml in ready-to-eat turkey samples, the addition of focusing capability improved the measured signal by a factor of between 4–4.5, the total detection time of 45 minutes, selectivity of the sensor on different types of bacterial cells, and the ability to distinguish between dead and live cells.
Epigenetic enzymes influenced by oxidative stress and hypoxia mimetic in osteoblasts are differentially expressed in patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
Authors: Vrtačnik Peter , Zupan Janja , Mlakar Vid , Kranjc Tilen , Marc Janja , Kern Barbara , Ostanek Barbara
Published: October 2018

Epigenetic mechanisms including posttranslational histone modifications and DNA methylation are emerging as important determinants of bone homeostasis. With our case-control study we aimed to identify which chromatin-modifying enzymes could be involved in the pathology of postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoarthritis while co-regulated by estrogens, oxidative stress and hypoxia. Gene expression of HAT1, KAT5, HDAC6, MBD1 and DNMT3A affected by oxidative stress and hypoxia in an in vitro qPCR screening step performed on an osteoblast cell line was analysed in trabecular bone tissue samples from 96 patients. Their expression was significantly reduced in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoarthritis as compared to autopsy controls and significantly correlated with bone mineral density and several bone histomorphometry-derived parameters of bone quality and quantity as well as indicators of oxidative stress, RANK/RANKL/OPG system and angiogenesis. Furthermore, oxidative stress increased DNA methylation levels at the RANKL and OPG promoters while decreasing histone acetylation levels at these two genes. Our study is the first to show that higher expression of HAT1, HDAC6 and MBD1 is associated with superior quantity as well as quality of the bone tissue having a more favourable trabecular structure.
Preliminary report on Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana roxellana) at Laohegou Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China
Authors: Fang Gu , Li Man , Liu Xiao-Jie , Guo Wei-Jia , Jiang Yu-Ting , Huang Zhi-Pang , Tang Shi-Yi , Li Da-Yong , Yu Ji , Jin Tong , Liu Xiao-Geng , Wang Ji-Mei , Li Sheng , Qi Xiao-Guang , Li Bao-Guo
Published: October 2018

Comparative studies of subspecies under different ecological environments offer insights into intraspecies evolutionary adaptive mechanisms. Golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) include three subspecies in China classified mainly by their morphological variations: R. r. roxellana (Sichuan and Gansu province), R. r. qinlingensis (Shaanxi province) and R. r. hubeiensis (Hubei province). These three subspecies live in three isolated area with different environments. Past works focused on the last two subspecies, but little information of habitat and behaviors of the nominated subspecies (R. r. roxellana) is available to date. We conducted a two-year study on the diet, activity budget, home range and social organization of 4 herds of R. r. roxellana, based on a total of 106 days’ observation in Laohegou (LHG) Nature Reserve, Sichuan province. By using scan sampling method, our results suggest that the R. r roxellana feeds predominantly on leaves (77.5%), and spends more time feeding (40.0%) and resting (27.0%) while compared to the other two subspecies. Kernel Density Estimation Method based on GPS technology confirms that R. r roxellana has relatively larger home ranges (49.1 km2). The unit size (8.3 ± 3.5 individuals) of R. r roxellana is also smaller. Therefore, it is possible that differences in food availability in relation to habitats have important impacts on the feeding strategy and social system of the golden snub-nosed monkey. These results provide data to further explore intraspecific adaptations of living primates.
TRPM7 and MagT1 in the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
Authors: Castiglioni Sara , Romeo Valentina , Locatelli Laura , Cazzaniga Alessandra , Maier Jeanette A. M.
Published: October 2018

Mesenchymal stem cells are fundamental for bone formation and repair since they respond to microenvironmental stimuli by undergoing osteogenic differentiation. We show that the kinase and cation channel TRPM7 and the magnesium transporter MagT1 have a role in harmonizing the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. TRPM7 and MagT1 are upregulated in osteogenic differentiation and silencing either one accelerates osteogenic differentiation, partly through the activation of autophagy. Intriguingly, similar results were obtained when the cells were cultured under magnesium deficient conditions. These results underpin the contribution of magnesium, TRPM7 and MagT1 to autophagy and osteoblastogenesis.
Impact of measurement noise, experimental design, and estimation methods on Modular Response Analysis based network reconstruction
Authors: Thomaseth Caterina , Fey Dirk , Santra Tapesh , Rukhlenko Oleksii S. , Radde Nicole E. , Kholodenko Boris N.
Published: October 2018

Modular Response Analysis (MRA) is a method to reconstruct signalling networks from steady-state perturbation data which has frequently been used in different settings. Since these data are usually noisy due to multi-step measurement procedures and biological variability, it is important to investigate the effect of this noise onto network reconstruction. Here we present a systematic study to investigate propagation of noise from concentration measurements to network structures. Therefore, we design an in silico study of the MAPK and the p53 signalling pathways with realistic noise settings. We make use of statistical concepts and measures to evaluate accuracy and precision of individual inferred interactions and resulting network structures. Our results allow to derive clear recommendations to optimize the performance of MRA based network reconstruction: First, large perturbations are favorable in terms of accuracy even for models with non-linear steady-state response curves. Second, a single control measurement for different perturbation experiments seems to be sufficient for network reconstruction, and third, we recommend to execute the MRA workflow with the mean of different replicates for concentration measurements rather than using computationally more involved regression strategies.
Integration of genome wide association studies and whole genome sequencing provides novel insights into fat deposition in chicken
Authors: Moreira Gabriel Costa Monteiro , Boschiero Clarissa , Cesar Aline Silva Mello , Reecy James M. , Godoy Thaís Fernanda , Pértille Fábio , Ledur Mônica Corrêa , Moura Ana Silvia Alves Meira Tavares , Garrick Dorian J. , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann
Published: October 2018

Excessive fat deposition is a negative factor for poultry production because it reduces feed efficiency, increases the cost of meat production and is a health concern for consumers. We genotyped 497 birds from a Brazilian F2 Chicken Resource Population, using a high-density SNP array (600 K), to estimate the genomic heritability of fat deposition related traits and to identify genomic regions and positional candidate genes (PCGs) associated with these traits. Selection signature regions, haplotype blocks and SNP data from a previous whole genome sequencing study in the founders of this chicken F2 population were used to refine the list of PCGs and to identify potential causative SNPs. We obtained high genomic heritabilities (0.43–0.56) and identified 22 unique QTLs for abdominal fat and carcass fat content traits. These QTLs harbored 26 PCGs involved in biological processes such as fat cell differentiation, insulin and triglyceride levels, and lipid biosynthetic process. Three of these 26 PCGs were located within haplotype blocks there were associated with fat traits, five overlapped with selection signature regions, and 12 contained predicted deleterious variants. The identified QTLs, PCGs and potentially causative SNPs provide new insights into the genetic control of fat deposition and can lead to improved accuracy of selection to reduce excessive fat deposition in chickens.
Penetration of an antimicrobial zinc-sugar alcohol complex into Streptococcus mutans biofilms
Authors: Lim Jong Hyun , Jeong Yongbeom , Song Sang-Hun , Ahn Jae-Hyun , Lee Jeong Rae , Lee Sang-Min
Published: October 2018

Mature biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents due to the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which inhibit the penetration of external molecules. In this study, we developed a coordination compound consisting of zinc chloride and erythritol that exhibits penetrating and bactericidal activity againstStreptococcus mutansbiofilms. Anin vitrobiofilm model was established in microplates, and bactericidal activity against biofilms was evaluated using an Alamar blue assay. The cause of the antimicrobial activity of the zinc-erythritol mixture on mature biofilms was demonstrated using fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy and atomic force microscopy. We demonstrated that zinc chloride spontaneously formed cationic complexes with erythritol in water. The zinc-erythritol complexes reduced intra- and inter-molecular interactions between bacterial exopolysaccharides, a major component of EPS. This activity was confirmed by measuring the attenuation of the hardness of dried polysaccharides isolated fromS. mutansbiofilms. The reduction in the interactions between polysaccharides allowed the complexes to penetrate into biofilms and kill the embedded bacteria. While approximately 13% of biofilm-associated microbes were killed by a 10 min treatment with 6.6 mM zinc chloride, 45% were killed when a solution containing 19.8 mM erythritol and 6.6 mM zinc chloride was used. This strategy of leveraging the coordination properties of metal ions with sugar alcohols provides a simple way to effectively remove mature biofilms using only conventional substances without the need for intricate chemical synthesis processes.
Pattern invariance for reaction-diffusion systems on complex networks
Authors: Cencetti Giulia , Clusella Pau , Fanelli Duccio
Published: October 2018

Given a reaction-diffusion system interacting via a complex network, we propose two different techniques to modify the network topology while preserving its dynamical behaviour. In the region of parameters where the homogeneous solution gets spontaneously destabilized, perturbations grow along the unstable directions made available across the networks of connections, yielding irregular spatio-temporal patterns. We exploit the spectral properties of the Laplacian operator associated to the graph in order to modify its topology, while preserving the unstable manifold of the underlying equilibrium. The new network is isodynamic to the former, meaning that it reproduces the dynamical response (pattern) to a perturbation, as displayed by the original system. The first method acts directly on the eigenmodes, thus resulting in a general redistribution of link weights which, in some cases, can completely change the structure of the original network. The second method uses localization properties of the eigenvectors to identify and randomize a subnetwork that is mostly embedded only into the stable manifold. We test both techniques on different network topologies using the Ginzburg-Landau system as a reference model. Whereas the correlation between patterns on isodynamic networks generated via the first recipe is larger, the second method allows for a finer control at the level of single nodes. This work opens up a new perspective on the multiple possibilities for identifying the family of discrete supports that instigate equivalent dynamical responses on a multispecies reaction-diffusion system.