bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Solution of the Influence of Mine Water on the Electric and Hydraulic Control System
Authors: Liu Li Zong , Zhao Xin Nan , Xie En Qing
Published: October 2011

The electric and hydraulic control system of hydraulic support is the critical part for the mechanized working face to work productively and efficiently. Its energy transfer and conversion were realized by the hydraulic fluid containing high content of water as transmission medium. Nowadays we mainly use the simply treated mine water in the hydraulic fluid, and the treated mine water still contains various ions of suspension. Those impurities can damage some sensitive parts of the control system and result in the paralysis of the whole system in the worst case. Therefore, the quality control of the mine water used in the electric and hydraulic control system is very crucial. This paper is to examine the mine water quality index in conjunction with case study, discuss the negative effects of mine water on the electric and hydraulic control system, and propose scientific solutions.
Numerical Optimization Research on the Dielectric Barrier Discharge for NOx Removal
Authors: Xiao Hai Ping , Du Xu , Wang Lei
Published: October 2011

Numerical optimization research was made for the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor for NOx removal in order to improve the efficiency of the DBD reactor. In this paper, the optimization method proposed by our studying team was adopted to carry out the numerical optimization research on the discharge gap of the reactor. As a result, the breakdown strength of reactor was 44.8kV/cm at a 2mm discharge gap and the discharge started at 25μs. When the discharge gap increased to 8mm, the breakdown strength was 34.1kV/cm and the discharge time was 33μs. The removal rates under the two conditions varied little due to the similar electron mean energy, then experiment was conducted to validate the accuracy of the simulation. When the discharge gap increased, the gas handing capacity of the reactor got higher.Therefore, proper discharge gap has important influence on removal efficiency of NO during DBD.
Numerical Simulation of the Water-Leachate Migration in Landfill
Authors: Su Shan Shan , He Dan , Liao Li
Published: October 2011

Recirculation is considered as an dual effective way of processing the leachate and accelerating the stabilization of landfill in many treatment because of less land occupation, low investment and simple operation. Previous researches shows that recirculation can improve microenviorment of microbial anaerobic digestion by increasing the moisture content of landfill. The mathematical model of moisture migration in the landfill was established with Multi-physics finite element analysis software in this paper. The simulation result showed that 1) moisture content would decrease to 29% with no leachate recirculation condition 2) hydraulic loads and types of recirculation both had influences on water distribution in landfill sites with leachate recirculation.
The Preparation of Cu-BiVO4 and its Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties for Degradation of Phenol
Authors: Gao Xiao Ming , Wu Yu Fei , Wang Jing , Fu Feng , Zhang Li Ping , Niu Feng Xing
Published: October 2011

An enhanced visible-light-driven catalyst BiVO4 doping with Cu was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD, UV-vis DRS, speciﬁc surface area. The characterization results indicated a better crystal structure of Cu-BiVO4. The photocatalytic properties were evaluated by degrading wastewater with phenol, taking pH of catalysts prepared, dosage of catalyst and air flow as the research factors. The results showed that Cu-BiVO4 has an effective photodegradation of phenol under the suitable conditions.
Study on Temperature Regulation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Using Metabolic Flux Analysis
Authors: Xiong Xiao Jing , Li Yong Feng
Published: October 2011

Fermentation studies of lactic acid bacteria Rennanqilyf13 were performed to evaluate the potential impacts of culture temperature on cell growth and the production of L-Lactic acid. Quantitative analysis of several metabolic intermediates using metabolic flux analysis (MFA) revealed fluxes during the L-Lactic acid production from glucose. According to the metabolic flux from glucose to L-lactic acid, using different temperature at different fermentation stage maximized the concentration, yield and productivity of L-lactic acid.
Adsorption of Cu2+ Ion in Wastewater by Using the Trass Ceramisite Coated by Metal Oxide
Authors: Hu Ming Zhong , Qu Yu Chao , Wang Fang
Published: October 2011

The trass ceramisite and ceramisite coated by iron oxide or alumina have been carried out to adsorb the copper (25mg/l) inside wastewater. The results show that the removal rate of trass ceramisite is the lowest, and removal rate of the trass ceramisite coated by alumina is the highest with the removal rate up to 67%. The optimum conditions of Cu 2+-adsorption in wastewater by ceramisite coated by alumina are as follow: pH at 6, contact time for 40min, the amount of adsorbent at 12.5g/l.
Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol Using a Pd/MWNTs Gas Diffusion Electrode
Authors: Wei Xiang Jia , Wang Hui , Bian Zhao Yong , Lu Guang
Published: October 2011

In a diaphragm electrolyze system with a Ti/RuO2/IrO2 anode and the Pd/MWNTs gas diffusion cathode, the degradation of 4-chlorophenol was fully studied by the electrochemical reduction and the simultaneous oxidation of the cathode and anode. The results indicated that the optimization electrolyte concentration is 0.08 mol/L. The Cl- removal reached 94.8% after 80 min electrolysis with H2 feeding. After 120 min electrolysis, the removal of 4-chlorophenol in the anodic and cathode compartments were 98.5% and 90.6%, respectively. Additionally, the TOC removal reached 65% and 70% in the anodic and cathodic compartment respectively after 140 min. By the UV scanner analysis of the electrolyte, the 4-chlorophenol and benzoquinone were oxidized by the oxides formed on the cathode, while the benzoquinone was found accumulated in the anodic compartment.
Study on the Membrane Flux of Membrane Reactor and Fouling Control of PVA Membrane
Authors: Liu Yan Yan , Zhang Wen Long
Published: October 2011

Membrane is the key that restrict Membrane Bioreactor technology be extensive applied, the membrane flux is an important factor to measure membrane, membrane fouling is the main factor which result in the membrane flux low, the membrane fouling research on a new type of hydrophilic PVA membrane .The experiment results show that the membrane flux is high with the use of PVA membrane. The COD removal rate can reach 90% on average, with long time running, the flux has declined. The flux can be maintained at 168 L/m2.h on the conditions that low-flux, intermittent effluent, backwashing, intermittent aeration, change of aeration intensity and physical cleaning. The membrane bioreactor using PVA membrane was efficient and stable in operation.
The Adaptability of Three Local Legumes Species to Lead-Zinc Tailings
Authors: Li Biao , Xiong Zhi , Miao Fu Jun , Zhou Xue Ying , Wang Jin Hua , Sun Hao , Zhu Li Li
Published: October 2011

Pot experiments with three local legumes (Trifolium repens L., Vicia Cracca L., Medicago sativa L.) were conducted in five different amendment substrates to research into the revegetation in Lanping, Yunnan province. The main factors of restrict growing of vegetation are lack of nutrient, high concentration of Pb 2+ and Zn2+ , poor in water-holding capacity in lead-zinc tailings. Trifolium repens L. and Vicia Cracca L. are taken as pioneer plants of lead-zinc tailings according to characteristics of the three local legumes species during the growth periods about indexes of the seeding survival, height, biomass, chlorophyll content, SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) activity, TF75 (75 percent tailings soil + 25 percent rural soil) amendment approach is more reasonable for the revegetation of lead-zinc tailings in Lanping based on three local legumes species growth indexes and feasibility.
New Deodorization Technique in WWTP - WPD (Whole-Process Deodorization)
Authors: Li Yu Qing , Nie Ying Jin , Xue Er Jun , Liu Jian Kuo , Yan Xiao He , Zhang Yi Fan , Zhang Jian , Xie Shen Lin
Published: October 2011

This paper will introduce a brand-new deodorization technology, which is whole-process deodorization technology, and its application in Tianjin Jizhuangzi wastewater treatment plant.
Anodic Oxidation of Alkaline Sulfide Solution at a Low Potential
Authors: Zhang Ning , Han Wei Qing , Wang Lian Jun
Published: October 2011

The oxidation of sulfide was investigated at a potential of about -0.1 V, 60 °C and electrolyzation time of 48 h, the sulfide ions were oxidized to sulfur and polysulfide, and the predominant polysulphide was S22-. The behavior of the anodic oxidation was highly dependant on the applied temperature and the concentration of the sulfide ions.
Experimental Study on the Catalytic Oxidation of SO2 by V2O5
Authors: Hao Wen Ge , Zhao Ding Nan , Cui Yue Feng
Published: October 2011

In order to achieve the catalytic oxidation of the low concentration SO2 flue gas in SNOX process, screen out the appropriate type of V2O5 catalyst for high-efficient transformation of the low concentration SO2. In order to provide foundation for reaction progression design, calculate the reaction depth of the process condition through the reaction thermodynamics analysis. According to the technological factors of affecting the effect of catalytic oxidation, investigate the reaction temperature, the space velocity and the mole ratio between O 2and SO2 on the SO2 transformation. Based on the experimental results, we did the reaction kinetics calculation. Above theoretical and experimental results provide the necessary technical parameters for designing catalystic oxidation of the low concentration SO2 in SNOX process.
Effect of a Bottom Gap on the Flow Characteristics behind Non-Planar Porous Fence
Authors: Duan Zhen Ya , Yang Wen Xiang , Wang Tian Shun , Zhang Jun Mei
Published: October 2011

The flow field behind non-planar porous fence of geometric porosity ε=0.273 with various bottom gaps (G) has been investigated by hot-wire anemometer velocity field measurement technique in a wind tunnel experiment. Seven gap ratios G/H=0.000, 0.025, 0.075, 0.125, 0.150, 0.175, 0.200 of non-planar porous fence were tested in this study with the free-stream velocity fixed at 10m/s. The experimental data were analyzed and the turbulence intensity and wind reduction ratios for different gaps of the porous fence were calculated to estimate the shelter effect of a non-planar porous fence model. The results show that the gap ratio G/H=0.150 gives the best shelter effect among the seven gaps of the non-planar porous fence tested in this study, having a better mean velocity and turbulence intensity as well as wind reduction ratio in a large area behind the non-planar porous fence.
Study on the Start-Up Characteristics of Internal Circulation Anaerobic Reactor
Authors: Zhu Ling Feng , Guo Yi Ping , Wang Yan , Wang Yang Yang , Liu Li Li , Cheng Meng , Zhang Nan , Chen Gui Xia
Published: October 2011

The start-up characteristics of internal circulation anaerobic reactor were studied using anaerobic sludge of UASB as vicinal sludge. The concentration of influent COD was kept at 2500mg/L initially, then the influent flow increased from 1L/h to 2.5L/h gradually, and the removal rate retained around 85.0% to 93.5%. During the middle-period of the experiment, the influent flow was maintained at 2.5L/h, and the influent COD concentration was gradually increased from 2500mg/L to 10500mg/L, the removal rate of 91.2%~94.6% was obtained now. At the end period of the experiment, the influent COD concentration was kept at 10500mg/L, and the influent flow was increased from 2.5L/h to 3L/h gradually. When the volume loading was improved to 55.04kg COD/ (m3 • d), the COD removal rate reached 88.3%.
Effects of Dimethylhydantoin and Carbohydrate on Growth and Immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Wang Xing Qiang
Published: October 2011

Three experiments were conducted to study the effects of dimethylhydantoin (DBH) and carbohydrate on growth and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei under low salinity conditions. Experiment 1 examined the effect of DBH on the survival of L. vannamei. The results showed that with increasing DBH concentration, the survival rate of L. vannamei exhibited decreased trends at salinities of 0.2, 5 and 20, while the safety concentration of DBH to L. vannamei increased with the rise of salinity. Experiment 2 and 3 examined the effects of salinity, DBH and carbohydrate on growth and immunity of L. vannamei, the results show that under low salinity culture conditions, the long-term living in the DBH environment of L. vannamei could lead to stresses, the shrimps needed to consume more immune factors, so the activities of phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase in serum decreased, and the growth rates depressed, while the increase in the amount of carbohydrate in diets could not only promote the growth of shrimps, but also played a role in diet protein conservation.
Mass Transfer Characteristics of Gypsum-Fly Ash Slurry for Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Zhang Dong Ping , Li Qian Jun , Liu Xian Feng
Published: October 2011

In the limestone/gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization pilot-scale test rig, key parameters such as SO2 absorption rate, mass transfer were experimentally determined．The results show that desulphurizing capacity of gypsum and fly ash is relatively weaker, which is only equivalent to fresh limestone with a content of 0.27% and 1.5% respectively. pH-t curve of slurry with different levels of fly ash could be divided into a sharply increasing stage and a steadily increasing stage. The leaching content of Mn2+ is about 9 times of Fe3+ , Mn2+ can form intermediate complex with HSO3- in the solution, which can induce catalytic reaction and accelerate SO2 absorption. Fly ash in gypsum slurry can obviously promote desulfurization. The pH value of slurry is high at the initial reaction stage, and effect of fly ash on SO2 absorption rate is less than 1.5%. when the pH value is decreased to 5.0, The leaching content of Mn2+ will grow with the decrease of pH value, better catalytic efficiency can be gained, effect of fly ash on SO2 absorption rate can increase 6.0% at most. The reaction is controlled by liquid phase resistance; the ratio of gas phase resistance to overall resistance is less than 38%. Mn2+ concentration of slurry increases with pH value decreasing and fly ash concentration increasing, which has significant effect on catalyzed oxidation of SO32-.
Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural Bean Husk Powder (CA) Beads – The Research and Application of Using Immobilized Method to Adsorb and Purify Lead of Mine Wastewater
Authors: Xu Guo Xiang , Chen Wen Bin
Published: October 2011

In this study, calcium alginate immobilized bean husk powder(CA) beads was used as an adsorbent for the aim of removing Pb(Ⅱ) ions form the aqueous solutions, and the effect of initial solution pH, contact time, temperature, initial metal ion concentrations and ionic strength in the adsorption process were investigated in detail. Experimental results showed that the amount of adsorbed Pb(Ⅱ) increased with the increasing initial metal ion concentration and solution pH in the examined range. The results showed that the optimum adsorption pH for Pb(Ⅱ) was5.5, the uptake was 10. 78 mg/g, the desorption rates of Pb(Ⅱ) by EDTA was calculated as 90 %. The concentration of Pb(Ⅱ)of mine wastewater reach the first class of irrigation water quality standards after the first time of adsorption treatment, and reach the first class of fishery water quality standard after the second treatment.
Establishment of Typical Driving Patterns for Light-Duty Vehicles on Different Roads in Hsin-Chu Area of Taiwan
Authors: Hwa Mei Yin , Yu Tai Yi , Hsu Wen Chung , Chen Chien An
Published: October 2011

This study utilized the car chasing method to chase 86 light-duty vehicles on seven major roads in the Shin-Chu area and establish the typical driving patterns for various roads. The 23 parameters that associated with the driving were considered to elucidate the features of driving patterns. This work examined two manners, corrected Euclidean distance and traditional Euclidean distance methods, to elucidate a representative driven cycle. In the screening procedure of the typical driven cycle, factor analysis was applied to correct Euclidean distance and examine the 23 variables of driving conditions. The results indicated that the first five of the 23 principal components explained at least 94% of the variance for seven roads. The physical interpretation based on factor analysis was better than the traditional Euclidean distance method, so the results of factor analysis were used to select the typical driven cycle. The average speeds were 34.1 kmh-1 for the city road; 36.8, 26.1 and 30.4 kmh-1 for county roads 118, 120 and 122; 38.7 and 36.5 kmh-1/ for provincial roads 1 and 3; 85.9 kmh-1 for freeway.
The Experimental Research on Corrosion of Gas-Gas Heater (GGH)
Authors: Wu Jiang , Zhang Jin Hong , Xu Wei Feng , Cai Yu Ran , Ouyang Yuan Huang , Wang Chen , Jiang Yi Peng , Tong Guan Jie
Published: October 2011

Along with the rapid development of electric power industry in China, the pollutant discharge limits are getting more strict, and WFGD (wet flue gas desulfurization) technology and its equipment have been greatly developed and extensively applied, in which the gas-gas heater (GGH) is adopted at lots of the power stations. The corrosion is a very important issue in GGH, and it is experimentally studied in this paper. Through experiment of polarization curves and the control variable method, a comparative analysis of the corrosion resistance between the commonly used materials of the GGH is made. The results have shown that the corrosion resistance with the heat transfer surface in GGH will decrease with the temperature increasing, but the enamel steel’s corrosion resistance and stability is strikingly better than that of others, and the increasing volume of corrosion resistance by plating enamel is remarkable.
Kinetics of Phenol Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Fiber
Authors: Li Mei , Luo Yi , Wu Ru Chun , Liang Hong Yu , Wang Shuang Fei
Published: October 2011

The adsorption of phenol onto activated carbon fiber (ACF) from aqueous solutions were studied.The adsorption kinetics of phenol by ACF can be described by the Lagergren first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models, respectively.The Lagergren first-order was verified to be the best to describe the adsorption data. The intraparticle diffusion is not the only rate-controlling step .
Preparation and Performance of Several Non-Precious Metal Oxides Catalysts for the Low Temperature SCR of NOx with NH3
Authors: Dong Wei Fang
Published: October 2011

A series of non-precious metal oxides catalysts were prepared for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 in a fixed bed reactor. The catalytic performance was evaluated by the removal efficiency of NOx and N2 selectivity which were respectively detected by flue gas analyzer and flue gas chromatograph. Furthermore, the components of gas products from the above experiments were analysed with 2010 GC-MS. The results illustrated that the MnO2 exhibited the highest NOx conversion to 95.46% and the highest selectivity of N2 to 100% at temperature of 393K, then followed ZrO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3.
Study on Mechanism of Flue Gas Desulfuration by Using Liquid-Phase Biochemical Method
Authors: Liu Zhi An , Chang Ying , Wang Peng , Jia Jlan Jun , Liu Qi Wang
Published: October 2011

Wet Biochemical Flue Gas Desulphurization technique (WB-FGD) is combined both catalyst of transition metal with microbial metabolize to achieve flue gas desulphurization. In the self-designed device of power plant flue gas desulphurization, study the desulphurization kinetics according to the absorption solution pH, Fe3+ concentration, inlet concentration of SO2, temperature and other factors. The results show that: Concentration of Fe3+ is the most critical factors in the desulphurization process, the desulphurization efficiency is decreased with the increasing of Fe3+ concentration, which in the range of 0~0.01mol·L-1, and the desulphurization efficiency do not change significantly with the further increasing of the concentration of Fe3+.the desulphurization efficiency is decreased with the increasing concentration of H+ when pH of the solution in the range of 1.5~3.5. The efficiency of desulphurization decrease with the increasing concentration of SO2, which in the range of 1145-3432mg·L-1. The oxidation rate increase with the increasing temperature at 20~40°C.The kinetic equation and controllable parameters of changes of Fe3+ concentration are obtained according to the experimental data in WB-FGD.
Effects of EDTA and Organic Acids on Cd Desorption from Zhangshi Irrigation Area Soil
Authors: Zhou Hui , Yang Wei , Liu Miao , Li Shi Liang , Li Qian Qian
Published: October 2011

The effects of the added EDTA and organic acids (oxalic acid, tartaric acid and acetic acid) on Cd desorption of Zhangshi Irrigation Area (ZIR)contaminated soil of Shenyang city was investigated by batch balance experiments, in which the concentrations of acids, pH and temperature were examined. The results showed that EDTA, oxalic acid, tartaric acid and acetic acid modified the desorption behaviors of Cd. And the desorption level was EDTA>tartaric acid >oxalic acid >acetic acid. Also, the desorption amount of Cd increased with the concentration ranges from 5 to 40mmol/L; the desorbed amount obviously reduced with elevating pH when the pH was below 6; the adsorption was facilitated and the desorption was weakened when the pH was above 6. In addition, the Cd desorption amount raised with the temperature increasing.
The Depth of Phosphorus Removal by Three Coagulations
Authors: Li Kai , Xu He Jie , Gu Chen
Published: October 2011

Using the secondary settling tank effluent, this paper is going to research the potentials of three coagulations (polyaluminium chloride, ferric sulfate, and self-polymeric aluminum ferric) in deep chemical phosphorus removal by the beaker experiment. The experiment focuses on the dosages, the hydraulic conditions of coagulation and effect of pH on the removal. The results show that three coagulants have good efficiencies in phosphorus removal. After coagulant treatments, phosphorus can be decreased below 0.5mg/L and achieve Grade A standards of urban sewage treatment plants (GB18918-2002). The removal efficiencies of polymer silicate are superior to those of poly aluminum chloride and polymeric ferric sulfate.
Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide Using a Compost-Based Biofilter
Authors: Wongwutthi Chanee , Limpaseni Wongpun
Published: October 2011

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a malodorous gas which can cause nuisance and health effects to people who live and work in the contaminated air environment. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to study the removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using a biofilter packed with mixture of compost, organic fertilizer, wood chips and municipal wastewater sludge at a ratio of 60:10:20:10 by weight. The experiment was carried out at hydrogen sulfide concentration of 5-200 ppmv and empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 60 seconds. The results indicated that completer H2S removal can be achieved at H2S inlet concentration of 200 ppmv. Elimination capacity of the biofilter reached as high as 24.38 gm−3 h−1.
Numerical Simulation of NSP Cement NOx Formation and Control Technology
Authors: Chen Zuo Bing , Ye Fang , Gao Chao
Published: October 2011

In this paper, in considering the influence of interaction and material decomposition, the generation of NOx inside the rotary kiln and precalciner, which are the main NOx emission equipments in cement production process, are simulated by CFD technology, and the results is tally with the actual situation. This shows that numerical simulation can be a very good guidance on NOx emission reduction technology and staged-combustion precalciner structure design, and we can design and optimize the NOx emission reduction scheme based on numerical simulation to achieve the purpose of reducing NOx pollution in cement production.
Woven Fabric Bioreactor (WFBR) as the Filter Material for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Yang Qi , Liu Zhen Hong , Sheng Xia
Published: October 2011

Conventional and modified membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are effective increasingly used in small sized wastewater treatment plant. However, their widespread applications are hindered by their elevated energy consumption and the high costs of investment for the membrane modules. In this study, we investigated a modified an improved MBR system that utilized a cost effective woven fabric instead of nonwoven as the filter material in MBR modules. The woven fabric bioreactor (WFBR) system was operated in a continuous mode at HRT from 33 to 12h. Under the operational conditions of BOD loading rates from 0.12 to 0.28 kg BOD/kg MLSS /d, the WFBR system was able to reduce up 93.57% COD. The 38μm woven fabric performed well in solid-liquid separator, with an average suspended solids retention of 99.47% at MLSS of 4710~9951 mg/L. The WFBR system eliminated suction pumping by using a gravity head in the membrane filtration of the effluent over the entire operational period of 60 d.
Formation and Characteristics of Aerobic Granular Sludge for Simultaneous Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal in a SBR
Authors: Yang Guo Jing , Li Xiao Ming , Yang Qi , Luo Kun
Published: October 2011

With inoculum sludge from a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant, formation of aerobic granular sludge for simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal was realized in a sequencing batch reactor by the selective pressure as a driving force. Selective pressure created by means of decreasing sedimentation time and increasing substrate loading enhanced the formation of aerobic granular sludge, which followed four consecutive stages: acclimation, granulation, growth and maturation. Under the condition that the substrate loading were increased to 500mg COD/(L•d) and 48mg NH4 +-N/(L•d), the granules were the dominant sludge forms with most of diameter about 0.5–2.0 mm, a minimal settling velocity of 0.55 cm/s and a MLSS of 6800 mg/L after 120 days operation. The granules were composed of filamentous species with varying degrees of rod- and coccal-type bacteria. Microscopic examination revealed that granules microecosystem was more stable and should be less vulnerable to the changes of mixed liquor condition.
H2O2/FeC2O4/Resin System Catalyzed Wet Oxidation of C.I. Reactive Red 2BF under Solar Radiation
Authors: Dong Xue Wei , Jiang Xue , Dong Xiao Li
Published: October 2011

FeC2O4 supported on resin as an effective catalyst for oxidation was prepared and applied for the degradation of azo dye C. I. Reactive Red 2BF（2BF），using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. When the initial concentration of Reactive Red 2BF was 200mg / L under solar light radiation for 70min, the removal of concentration and TOC of 2BF reached 90%% and 79.7%, respectively. FeC2O4-resin remained efficient after six repeated experiments.
Column Study on the Effect of Nitrate and Chloride on TCE Removal by Granular Iron
Authors: Zhu Xue Qiang , Han Bao Ping , Wu Guo Jun , Zhang Xiao Qing
Published: October 2011

The effects of individual inorganic anions (nitrate and chloride) on the reactivity of granular iron were investigated using plexiglass columns packed with granular iron. The results show that TCE removal decreases apparently with increasing nitrate concentration due to competition for reactive sites. Chloride exhibits dual-effect on the TCE removal by Fe0. In the studied condition, the TCE dechlorination is enhanced at the low chloride concentration due to pitting corrosion and is dampened at the high chloride concentrations such as 59.98 and 110.45 mg/L as Cl-.
Research on the Bioavailability of Cd in Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng Soil
Authors: Jia Zhen Ya , Luo Sheng Xu , Yan Hui , Wang Ya Juan , He Yang Yang , Wang Jing
Published: October 2011

In Hainan ChengMai Kudingcha Plantation, soil, roots, leaves of Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng were obtained from 11 sampling points as “S” and analyzed for Cd and physical and chemical properties of soil, then the concentration and mobility of Cd in tea trees-soil was studied. The speciation of Cd in soil were analyzed by BCR three stage sequential extraction procedure and one-step extraction. Method characterized Bioavailability of Cd in Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng were established through the correlation analysis of Cd speciation in soil to Cd content in leaves and the influence of physical and chemical properties of soil to Bioavailability of Cd in soil was discussed. Results of this study showed that: The majority of Cd in soil was transferred to plant as the strong enrichment of Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng Trees, The Cd content distribution was: roots > leaves >>rhizosphere soil; According to the correlation analysis, （F1）、（F1+F2） and Cd-HCl extraction were used to characterize the Bioavailability of Cd in soil due to complex soil environment. The order of physical and chemical properties of soil which affected Bioavailability of Cd was: pH>Eh>organic matter>moisture>volatile phenol, that is to say, lower pH, higher Eh, organic matter, moisture, volatile phenol was in favor of reducing the Bioavailability of Cd and Cd accumulation in tea.
DO, ORP and PH as Control Parameters in an SBBR for Nitrogen Removal and Energy Saving
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Jun
Published: October 2011

Sequencing batch biofim reactor (SBBR) can remove nitrogen by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in the biofilm. Based on the relationship between the degradation of COD, NH3-N and ΣN in wastewater and the variation of DO, ORP and pH, the results showed that when DO and ORP rapidly increased and reached a platform (DO and ORP turning point) and pH value rapidly decreased and approached the lowest value (pH turning point), the NH3-N and ΣN reduced to minimum. Utilizing DO, ORP and pH turning points as on-line controlling points to stop aeration ensured NH3-N completely removed and the lowest ΣN. The effect control of aeration time could save energy.
Influence of Different Salts on the Degradation of Trichloroethylene under Reductive Condition
Authors: Ma Feng Na , Meng Qing Jun , Wu Guo Jun , Shan Ai Qin
Published: October 2011

The effect of TCE cometabolism degradation with glucose as electron donor on reduction progress was investigated with enriched nitrate, sulfate, trivalent iron and their mixtures under anoxic or anaerobic conditions. The removal effect of TCE was found to be better in anoxic environment; TCE degradation was inhibited by the addition of trivalent iron salts and the mixed salts under anoxic condition or strongly inhibited by nitrate under anaerobic condition; promoted by the addition of trivalent iron salts under anaerobic condition; little inhibited by the addition of nitrate and sulfate under anoxic condition or sulfate and the mixed salts under anaerobic condition.
Polyethylene Destruction by the Mixed Culture of Microorganisms
Authors: Gurevich Yury L. , Teremova Margarita I. , Bondarenko Galina N. , Kargin Valerie F. , Khizhnyak Sergey V. , Romanchenko Aleksander S. , Yang Jun , Song Yi Ling
Published: October 2011

Polyethylene film destruction by mixed culture of microorganisms was studied. The initial culture was adapted for growth on the media with ion exchange resin. During cultivation of the microorganisms on the mineral media with a polyethylene as the only source of carbon and energy the increase of film roughness and decrease of amorphous fraction and crystal size was detected. Using atomic-force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy it was found the film reduce to the crystals of micron size and unilamellar crystal fragments. The film relief change and crystal size decrease was detected after contact with oil-oxidizing bacteria and after composting with plant residuals with redworm Eisenia foetida.
The DeNOx Characteristics of V/Ti Plate SCR Catalysts
Authors: Lu Qiang , Su Shu Hua , Fen Shi Ye , Cheng Wei Liang , Dong Chang Qing
Published: October 2011

A series of V2O5/WO3/TiO2 plate catalysts were prepared via the incipient wetness impregnation method, with the V2O5 content of 0.68 wt%, 1.01 wt%, 1.19 wt%, 1.5 wt% and the WO3 loading of 4.8 wt%, 6.2 wt%, 7.9 wt%, 9.2 wt%, respectively. Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia (NH3-SCR) experiments were performed to investigate the effects of the several factors on the performance of the catalysts, including the V2O5, WO3 and MoO3 content in the catalysts and the O2 concentration in the flue gas. The results indicated that as the rising of the V2O5 content, the SCR activity of the V2O5/WO3/TiO2 catalysts was firstly increased and then slightly decreased, with the best activity obtained at the V2O5 content of 1.19 wt%. As the increasing of the WO3 content, the activity was firstly increased slightly and then almost kept constant. Furthermore, the loading of the MoO3 on the V2O5/WO3/TiO2 plate catalysts would bring negative effects to the catalytic activity. In addition, the capability of the catalysts would slightly increase as the O2 concentration rising up to 7%, and then became stable at higher O2 concentrations.
Immobilization of Pb, Cu, and Zn in a Multi-Metal Contaminated Soil Amended with Triple Superphosphate Fertilizer and Phosphate Rock Tailing
Authors: Liang Yuan , Wang Xiao Chun , Cao Xin De , Zhao Ling
Published: October 2011

The objective of this study is to immobilize Pb, Cu, and Zn in a multi-metal contaminated soil using triple superphosphate fertilizer (TSP) and phosphate rock tailing (PR) materials, alone and in combination. The treatment effectiveness was evaluated with a column leaching experiment under simulated rainfall conditions. More than 90% of Pb and Cu were stabilized in the upper layer soil (0-10cm) in both untreated and P-treated soil columns. However, the significant downward migration of Zn was observed in either untreated or P-treated column soil profiles though the transport was inhibited by P treatments. In the untreated soil, 27.2% of Zn migrated down to the subsurface soil (10-20cm), while there were 7.45%, 13.0%, and 11.2% of Zn transported down in the TSP, PR, and PR+TSP treatments, respectively. Phosphate reduced the leaching of Pb and Cu from the contaminated soils, with reduction of Pb and Cu in the leachate by up to 71.2% and 34.8%, respectively. However, Zn leaching was enhanced by P treatments except for TSP. The results indicated that triple superphosphate fertilizer and phosphate rock tailing were effective in immobilizing Pb followed by Cu, but less for Zn in a multi-metal contaminated soil.
Isolation and Identification of a Low Density Polyethylene Degradable Bacterium
Authors: Song Yi Ling , Yang Jun , Pan Hong , Li Jing Wen , Zhu Jian Bo , Deng Xiao Yan , Khizhnyak Sergey V. , Gurevich Yury L.
Published: October 2011

Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most abundant commercially produced synthetic polymers which have leaded the seriously solid pollution. A Gram positive rod form bacterium T6 has been isolated from the guts of Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner). According to the phenotypic, Physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene sequence, T6 is identified as Baccillus megaterium. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveals the polyethylene can be degraded significantly by T6 from the LDPE surface. The tensile strength of the LDPE films which is degraded by T6 strain, displays decreasing tendency as the incubation time increase. After 28 days’ incubation, the tensile strength decreases 5.8% and the maximum decrement reaches 18.4%. The difference between the tensile strength value of day 21 and day 28 are not significant (P <0.05). The results indicate T6 strain can degraded the LDPE film.
Experimental Research on Flue Gas Desulfurization with Ethylenediamine
Authors: Zhai Lin Zhi , Zhong Qin , Wang Xin Rong
Published: October 2011

Experiments were performed on the packed tower with 150mm diameter and 2800mm high to study the wet flue gas desulfurization continuously. The results shows that the suitable conditions for the SO2absorption process of 0.3mol•L-1ethylenediamine/phosphoric acid and ethylenediamine/boric acid solutions: pH value was 6.0～7.0, liquid-gas ratio was 0.82L•m-3. The import SO2concentration and the flue gas flow were separately at 500×10-6～3100×10-6and 110m3•h-1～150m3•h-1, the desulfurization efficiency exceeded 97%. Under the same conditons, ethylenediamine/boric acid has a better desulfurization and was more suitable for the flue gas desulfurization in a wider fluctuation.
Mathematical Model of Biofilm Reactor Treating Industrial Wastewater - A Review
Authors: Guo Chun Mei , Chen Jin Fu , Zhang Zhong Zhi , Zhao Li Jun
Published: October 2011

Hybrid biofilm reactor has become a technically as well as economically feasible option for treatment of industrial wastewater. This article presents a critical review of some basic mathematical biofilm models. Mainly focus on the development and the solution of these models. The aim is to find a reasonable and simple model of hybrid biofilm reactor under aerobic and anoxic conditions and to simulate the decontamination of petrochemical wastewater.
Analysis of Fungal Diversity in the Composting by Sequencing of Cloned PCR-Amplified 18S rDNA and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Li Wan , Xu Xiu Hong , Xiao Jia Lei , Zhang Bi Xian , Li Hong Tao , Lai Yong Cai
Published: October 2011

Like bacteria, fungi play an important role in the composting process as major decomposers of organic substances. As only a small fraction of the fungi present in composting can be cultured because conventional microbiological techniques limited information on the composition of fungal communities in composting. Molecular methods are expected to give a more realistic view of species richness and distribution. For this purpose, we selected universal PCR primer set that allow the specific amplification of fungal 18S-ribosomal-DNA (rDNA) sequences. DNA was extracted from composting samples, and 18S rDNA genes were amplified by EF4/Fung5 (0.6kb) and EF4/NS2-GC (0.4kb). DGGE analysis of the fungal community in the composting of a microcosm experiment was carried out after amplification of total DNA with both primer pairs. Clear banding patterns were obtained with amplified production. 13 different bands excised from the DGGE gel were sequenced and compared with genbank. Sequencing showed that some could not be cultured; some were efficient cellulose-degrading strains. The results showed that diversity and composition of the fungal community in the composting can be analyzed by the combination of 18S rDNA PCR amplification and DGGE.
To Remove Phosphate from Municipal Wastewater with Insufficient Volatile Fatty Acids
Authors: Chang Gong Fa , Zhang Feng , Liu Chang Qing , Zhang Bo , Bi Xue Jun
Published: October 2011

Tow plug flow reactors were operated with municipal wastewater according to reversed A2/O process. The only difference was in sludge return ratio. Despite that more VFAs were consumed by denitrification, phosphate removal was enhanced rather than impaired by a higher sludge return ratio of 300%. It seems that higher phosphate removal can be achieved even more nitrate was reduced which means more carbon source consumption. This is contradictory with the well accepted enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) theory, which regards sufficient volatile fatty acids in the wastewater as the indispensable premise. With less phosphate was released in the anaerobic zones, the final phosphate concentration in the effluent was lower when higher sludge return ratio was applied. The results indicated that neither carbon source nor phosphate release can directly determine phosphate uptake ability.
Studies on Electrochemical Dechlorination Reaction of 2,4-Dichlorobenzoic Acid on Pd/Ti Electrode
Authors: Ma Chun An , You Nan Nan , Chao Li Mei
Published: October 2011

Abstract: Pd/Ti electrode was prepared on Ti substrate electrode in hydrochloric acid containing PdCl2 using cyclic voltammetry. The electrocatalytic performance toward electrochemical reduction reactivity of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (2,4-DCBA) on Cu, Ag, Ti and Pd/Ti was investigated. Compared with Cu, Ag and Ti electrodes, Pd/Ti electrode exhibited a high electrochemical activity for the reduction process of 2,4-DCBA in NaOH solution. In situ FTIR was applied to analyze the electrochemical dechlorination mechanism of 2,4-DCBA systematically. The results showed that 2,4-DCBA was electroreduced to its free radical ion after receiving an electron. Then the 2,4-DCBA free radical took off two chloride ions and produced the benzoic acid free radical. After receiving another two electrons and two protons, the final product benzoic acid was obtained.
The Environmental Risk Assessment of Herbicide Anilofos on Various Chinese Cultivated Soils
Authors: Liu Yi Hua , Tang Fu Bin , Zhu Guo Nian
Published: October 2011

Anilofos is the organophosphorus herbicide widely used in China. However, little is known on the processes governing the environmental fate of anilofos in soils and its environmental risk for groundwater. Several environmental fate studies were performed concerning the degradation, sorption, photolysis and mobility of anilofos in soils. The degradation of anilofos in three Chinese soil samples followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives between 64.2 d-161.2 d. The adsorption coefficient (KF) values for the three soils were 10.67 (loam), 31.29 (clay) and 11.63 (sand). No notable photolysis of anilofos occurred on soil surface. Leaching tests, performed in manually packed soil glass-plate, indicated that anilofos moved very slowly on the three types of soil thin layer. Thus, the leaching behavior of anilofos coincided well with the results of the batch sorption and degradation experiments. The data generated from this study could be helpful for risk assessment studies of the pesticide in the environment.
Research on Methane Decomposition during Gas Reburning for NOx Reduction
Authors: Xiao Hai Ping , Yu Qin Jian , Huang Lei
Published: October 2011

In order to discover main reaction mechanism of CH4 in NOx removal by methane reburning, reactions between CH4 and NOx were simulated from the point of reaction kinetics. Simulating result demonstrated that reaction temperature and excessive air coefficient were main factors influencing DeNOx efficiency. NO could be directly reduced by free radicals including H, HO2, HCCO and O. Firstly, NO was mainly reduced by HO2.Secondly,NO was mainly reduced by H. Hydrocarbon radicals such as CH3, CH2, C2H4, CH2O, C2H6, CH2CO, HCN, HCNO, HNCO were produced in reaction processes as intermediate products. Lots of free radicals were consumed or produced in reaction and led to concentration variation of NO. At the same time, NO could be directly reduced by hydrocarbon radicals such as CH3, CH2.Therefore, hydrocarbon radicals have important influence on removal efficiency of NOx during methane reburning.
Construction of the Starter to Produce Lignocellulases via Solid State Fermentation of Rice Straw
Authors: Du Shan Shan , Yang Lu , Lu Jian Zhang , Li Qing Qing , Xu Juan , Zhou Chen Wei , Ruan Hui , He Guo Qing
Published: October 2011

The study demonstrates the starter construction and its solid state fermentation (SSF) using rice straw as substrate for lignocellulases production. The starter is constructed by natural microflora growing on rice straw additionally reinforced with Aspergillus niger ZJU-RYD1, using the SSF substrate rice straw with 90% moisture content, successfully produced the integrate and high active lignocellulases at about 72 h, i.e. CMCase 12.44 U/g, cellobiase 12.05 U/g, FPAase 3.18 U/g, xylanase 365.61 U/g, lassase 2.48 U/g. In this study the strategy is satisfactorily developed to construct the starter for high effective and low-cost production of lignocellulases using rice straw as substrate, based on natural microflora and additional reinforcing with special strain.
Advanced Ship Recycling System – A Pilot Model Project in Muroran
Authors: Shimizu Kazumichi , Nakajo Yasuo , Yaer Xinba , Kato Koichi , Kijima Takahiro , Teraoka Isao , Teramachi Hideki
Published: October 2011

In compliance with the Hong Kong international convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships, Japan was active in ship recycling project and its researches. This paper describes the detailed ship recycling process and researches on the development of technology of dismantling and cutting method, and then prospect in the future.
A Study on the Mechanism of Harmless and Resourceful Treatment of Oil Sludge with Microwave
Authors: Jiang Hua Yi , Wang Xu , Wei Ai Jun , Zheng Si Jia , Liu Fang , Ji Cheng
Published: October 2011

Through comparative experiments of products that treated by microwave, researched on the feasibility of disposing oil sludge with microwave technology, analyzed the influence of different microwave parameters (power of microwave and microwave effect time) on the treatment effect, and theoretically analyzed the mechanism of harmless and resourceful treatment of oil sludge with microwave. The experimental and theoretical studies have shown that, microwave radiation has the characteristic of quickly and efficiently, energy conservation and environmental protection, and superior to traditional heating treatment technology. Microwave thermal effect and non-thermal effect can make heavy hydrocarbon cracking, speed up the process of oil sludge separation for gas phase, liquid phase, and solid phase, and achieve the oil sludge harmless and resourceful treatment.
The Comprehensive Utilization and Further Processing of Vegetable Oil Refining by-Products
Authors: Gou Cu Ne , Hao Xiao Hong
Published: October 2011

Oil refining process will produce waste water, oil foot, soap, scarp clay, deodorizer distillate. A large number of by-products (oil foot, soap, deodorizer distillate) as a pharmaceutical and chemical raw materials, with high economic value.If we turning waste into treasure, with a complete process from the deodorizer distillate extract tocopherols, sterols, squalene, and to obtain fatty acid methyl esters (commonly known as biodiesel), integrated development and production of high value-added products that can bring significant social and economic benefits. At the same time a more reasonable treatment of the oil refining waste, and protecting our environment for survival.
Structure Optimum and Analysis of an Easily Hooking Garbage Sorting Equipment
Authors: Cui Zhao Xia , Du Heng Jie , Yang Tao , Hou Shou Quan , Zhao Yu Zhu
Published: October 2011

Nowadays, huge quantity and various kinds of municipal solid waste (MSW) are collected mixing together without separating in China. There are wastes such as plastic, glass, metal, chemical fiber, paper, food and so on that can be regenerated and reused after sorting to realize sustainable development. However, because MSW are complex mixtures and with high moisture content, results in that useful substance can’t be sorted entirely, to research efficient equipments successfully is the key to solve this problem. Aiming at wastes easily to wind and hook each other such as cloth, strings, plastic and so on, a new sorting equipment was designed. Some key parts of the equipment were analyzed and optimized by using design calculation, finite element method and kinematic simulation method, including the structure optimum of the cam, and kinematic simulation and analysis of reset springs to promote the performance and reliability.