bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FACTORS OF THROMBOGENIC RISK IN CHILDREN WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
Authors: Скударнов Е.В. , Дорохов Н.А. , Сероклинов В.Н. , Малюга О.М. , Мироненко И.И.
Published: February 2021

Цель работы: исследовать и выявить нарушения различных звеньев системы гемостаза и фибринолиза при внебольничных пневмониях у детей.
Материалы и методы. Для выявления факторов тромбогенного риска обследован 161 ребенок с внебольничными пневмониями в возрасте от 6 месяцев до 17 лет. Диагноз «пневмония неосложненная» установлен у 61 пациента, диагноз «пневмония с легочно-плевральными осложнениями» — у 100 пациентов. В структуре легочно-плевральных осложнений на первом месте стоял плеврит (46%), деструкция легкого диагностирована у 30%, пневмоторакс у — 10%, пиоторакс — у 14% больных.
Результаты. Выявлено, что при неосложненных пневмониях содержание растворимых фибрин-мономерных комплексов и Д-димера статистически значимо превышало нормальное, что свидетельствовало об активации коагуляционного звена гемостаза. При осложненных пневмониях показатели гемостаза соответствовали повышенному внутрисосудистому свертыванию: тромбоцитоз, повышение уровня фибриногена, гипокоагуляция или гиперкоагуляция, тромбинемия, угнетение фибринолиза.
Заключение. При осложненных формах пневмоний имело место состояние высокой тромботической готовности, опасной для жизни больного, что подтверждалось лабораторными критериями. Наличие выявленных специфических маркеров возможного или текущего внутрисосудистого свертывания крови связано с текущей бактериальной инфекцией.

Aim: to examine and identify various disturbances of hemostasis and fi brinolysis at community-acquired pneumonia in children.
Materials and methods. We examined 161 children with community-acquired pneumonia from 6 months to 17 years old for identification of thrombogenic risk factors. The diagnosis of «uncomplicated pneumonia» was set in 61 patients, the diagnosis of «pneumonia with pulmonary-pleural complications» — in 100 patients. Among children with pulmonary-pleural complications pleuritis was diagnosed in 46%, lung destruction — in 30%, pneumothorax in — 10%, piothorax — in 14% of patients.
Results. At uncomplicated pneumonia levels of soluble fi brin-monomer complexes and D-dimer statistically significantly exceeded normal content that pointed to activation of coagulation. At complicated pneumonia hemostatic parameters corresponded to increased intravascular coagulation: thrombocytosis, increased fi brinogen level, hypocoagulation or hypercoagulation, thrombinemia, inhibition of fibrinolysis.
Conclusion. At complicated forms of pneumonia we revealed a state of high thrombotic readiness that was verifi ed by laboratory criteria and was dangerous for patient’s life. The presence of identifi ed specifi c markers of possible or current intravascular coagulation is associated with a current bacterial infection.
Dipyridamole: the rearguard on proscenium
Authors: Левшин Н.Ю. , Ройтман Е.В. , Аршинов А.В. , Печенников В.М.
Published: February 2021

Антиагрегантная терапия является основой профилактики атеротромбоза и нарушений микроциркуляции при многих видах патологии. Дипиридамол в сочетании с ацетилсалициловой кислотой служит важным компонентом профилактики ишемического инсульта он также доказал свою эффективность в улучшении коронарного кровотока, периферического кровообращения за счет своего антиагрегантного и сосудорасширяющего действия. Синдром обкрадывания является клиническим преувеличением, так как присущ только высоким дозам препарата, вводимым внутривенно. Дипиридамол обладает многими плейотропными эффектами, связанными с его способностью индуцировать синтез интерферона, регулировать оксидативный стресс, активность клеток иммунной системы, матриксных металлопротеиназ и др. Понимание патогенеза различных видов патологии с позиций взаимосвязи гемостаза и воспаления наряду с высокой безопасностью дипиридамола в отношении кровотечений, онкологического роста и его экономической доступностью позволяют применять препарат в ревматологии, акушерстве и гинекологии, нефрологии, гематологии и других областях медицины, проводить актуальные научные исследования. Обзор посвящен обсуждению возможностей коррекции ключевых механизмов патогенеза многих заболеваний с использованием различных свойств дипиридамола и применения данных преимуществ препарата в клинике внутренних болезней.

Antiplatelet agents are the main group of drugs using for antiatherothrombotic prophylaxis and correction of microcirculatory disturbances in many fields of medicine. Dipyridamole in combination with acetylsalicylic acid is an important component of stroke prevention. It also demonstrates effectiveness for prevention of cardiovascular complications due to its antiplatelet and vasodilatory effect. Steal phenomenon is clinical exaggeration, because it happens only if high doses of dipyridamole are injected intravenously. Dipyridamole has numerous pleiotropic effects related with its ability to induce interferon synthesis, to regulate oxidative stress, activity of immune cells, matrix metalloproteinases, etc. Understanding of pathogenesis of numerous diseases as the interrelationship between hemostasis and inflammation may leads medical specialists to use dipyridamole in rheumatology, obstetrics, gynecology, nephrology, haematology and other fields of medicine and medical researches. High safety of dipyridamole in regard to hemorrhagic complications, malignant progression and its high economic accessibility are very important features of this wellknown for clinicians drug. Further search of clinical applications for dipyridamole is discussed in this review.
Assessment of hemostasis in physiological pregnancy. Algorithms of examination in high risk groups. Guidelines (PROJECT), 2nd edition
Authors: Момот А.П. , Николаева М.Г. , Сердюк Г.В. , Мамаев А.Н. , Романов В.В. , Кудинова И.Ю. , Белозеров Д.Е. , Трухина Д.А. , Максимова Н.В. , Вахлова Ж.И.
Published: February 2021

Настоящие методические рекомендации представляют собой изложение алгоритмов исследования системы гемостаза у беременных при физиологическом течении беременности и в группах риска по развитию гестационных и тромбоэмболических осложнений и акушерских кровотечений.

These guidelines are the summary of algorithms for the study of hemostasis in pregnant women during the physiological pregnancy and in risk groups for the development of gestational and thromboembolic complications and obstetric hemorrhages.
Hereditary von Willebrand disease in medical practice
Authors: Скворцова Е.М. , Скворцов В.В. , Мабудзаде Ч.К.
Published: February 2021

Впервые описанное в 1926 г. Эриком фон Виллебрандом нарушение коагуляции, названное им наследственная псевдогемофилия , а затем получившее название болезнь Виллебранда в честь своего открывателя, является самой распространенной наследственный коагулопатией, поражающей от 1 до 3 населения планеты. Данная статья рассматривает вопросы этиологии, патогенеза, диагностики и лечения данного заболевания.

In 1926 by Erik von Willebrand first described coagulation disturbance and called it hereditary pseudohemophilia . Later it was named von Willebrand disease in honor of its discoverer. This disease is the most common hereditary coagulopathy that affects 13 of the worlds population. This article analyzes the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease.
Hemorheology of ischemic stroke (review)
Authors: Биткова Е.Е.
Published: February 2021

Нарастающая распространенность ишемического инсульта (ИИ) ставит перед исследователями новые задачи в обеспечении прогнозирования и диагностики. Одной из альтернатив традиционным методам диагностики ИИ является гемореология. Это относительно недорогие методы в применении, не требующие дорогостоящих расходных материалов. В русскоязычной литературе методам гемореологии уделено мало внимания. В статье представлен подробный обзор публикаций по гемореологии ИИ. Освещены работы по характеристике реологических нарушений, встречающихся у пациентов с це- ребральной ишемией, с рентгенологическими признаками патологии церебральных сосудов. Приведены данные о показателях ухудшения текучести крови, включающие повышение вязкости плазмы, нарушение деформируемости и агрегации эритроцитов, которые наблюдается задолго до манифестации ИИ, а также являются факторами риска развития стойкого неврологического ухудшения во время госпитализации после острого ИИ и увеличения срока госпитализации. Очерчен круг клинических ситуаций ИИ, в которых реологические методы получили применение при оценке эффективности терапевтических стратегий (тромболизиса, гемодилюции, афереза, медикаментозной коррекции).

The increasing prevalence of ischemic stroke (IS) poses new challenges for researchers in providing prognosis and diagnosis. Hemorheological methods is one of the alternatives to the traditional methods for IS diagnosis they are relatively inexpensive and do not require expensive consumables. In Russian-language literature little attention is paid to hemorheological methods. The article presents a detailed review about hemorheology in IS, characteristics of rheological disorders that occur in patients with cerebral ischemia, with radiological signs of cerebral vascular pathology. The data are presented about disturbances of blood fluidity, including increased plasma viscosity, impaired deformability and aggregation of red blood cells that are observed long before IS manifestation, and are the risk factors for persistent neurological aggravation during hospitalization after acute IS and increase the period of hospitalization. Clinical IS situations are described, in which rheological methods have been used for assessing the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies (thrombolysis, hemodilution, apheresis, drug correction).
Anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity of seaweed sulfated polysaccharides
Authors: Кузнецова Т.А.
Published: February 2021

Представлены современные литературные данные по антикоагулянтной, антитромботической и фибринолитической активности сульфатированных полисахаридов (ПС) морских водорослей в зависимости от их структурных особенностей (содержания и положения сульфатных групп на главной цепи ПС, молекулярной массы, моносахаридного состава и типа гликозидных связей, характера разветвления и др.). Обсуждаются механизмы действия ПС на систему гемостаза в сравнительном аспекте по отношению к гепарину. Рассматриваются вопросы пероральной биодоступности ПС, важные для их клинического использования в качестве пероральных антикоагулянтов и антитромботических средств. Сочетание свойств антикоагулянтов, ингибиторов тромбина, фибринолитиков наряду с низкой токсичностью и относительной дешевизной производства открывают перспективы для клинического использования ПС в качестве альтернативных источников новых антикоагулянтных и антитромботических соединений.

Modern literature data on the anticoagulant, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activity of sulfated polysaccharides of seaweed (PS) are presented, depending on their structural features (content and position of sulfate groups on the main chain of PS, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and type of glycosidic bonds, the degree of PS chain branching, etc.). The mechanisms of PS action on hemostasis are discussed in a comparative to heparin. The questions of oral bioavailability of PS, important for their clinical use as oral anticoagulants and antithrombotic agents, are considered. The combination of the anticoagulant, thrombolytic, fibrinolytic properties together with low toxicity and relative cheapness of production open up prospects for the clinical use of PS as alternative sources of new anticoagulant and antithrombotic compounds.
Treatment of thrombophlebitis. Current guidelines and clinical practice
Authors: Кравцов П.Ф. , Мазайшвили К.В. , Маркин С.М. , Кургинян Х.М.
Published: February 2021

Введение. В лечении пациентов с тромбозом поверхностных вен (ТПВ) врачи-специалисты руководствуются двумя регламентирующими документами: Приказом Минздрава России и соответствующими Клиническими рекомендациями. Содержание этих двух документов в некоторых аспектах не совпадает, что вызывает определенные сложности в лечении данной нозологии.
Цель исследования: изучение состояния реальной клинической практики в области лечения пациентов с ТПВ.
Материалы и методы. Проведен анонимный опрос 128 врачей-специалистов, занимающихся лечением заболеваний вен. В опросник было включено 10 вопросов, касающихся выбора тактики лечения, применения фармацевтических препаратов и методов оперативного лечения.
Результаты. Наибольшие расхождения Рекомендаций и клинической практики касаются стационарного лечения, антикоагулянтной терапии и возможности применения эндовенозной термокоагуляции. Несмотря на детальную проработку аспектов лечения пациентов с ТПВ, в актуальных Клинических рекомендациях имеется достаточное количество противоречий с Приказом Минздрава России. Это вызывает повышенные юридические риски при лечении данной категории пациентов.
Заключение. В настоящий момент существует запрос со стороны профессионального сообщества на пересмотр Приказа Минздрава России № 837н от 09.11.2012 ввиду появившихся новых фармацевтических препаратов и методов лечения за период с момента подписания Приказа по настоящее время.

Introduction. In treatment of patients with surface vein thrombosis (SVT) specialists are guided by two regulatory documents — the Order of the Russian Ministry of Health (further — the Order) and the corresponding Clinical Recommendations (further —
Recommendations). The content of these two documents does not coincide in some aspects that cause certain difficulties in treatment of this nosology.
Aim: to study the state of real clinical practice in treatment of patients with SVT.
Materials and methods. An anonymous opinion of 128 specialists in treatment of vein diseases was received. The questionnaire included 10 questions concerning the choice of treatment tactics, use of pharmaceuticals and methods of surgical treatment.
Results. The largest discrepancies between the Recommendations and clinical practice relate to inpatient treatment, anticoagulant therapy and endovenous thermocoagulation application. In spite of detailed elaboration of patient’s treatment with SVT
there are enough contradictions in current Recommendations with the Order. This causes increased legal risks during treatment of this category of patients.
Conclusion. Currently there is a request from the professional community for revision of the Order № 837n from 09.11.2012 due to appearance of new pharmaceuticals and treatment methods during the period from signing the Order to the present.
Is group O platelet hemostatic activity reduced?
Authors: Танкаева Х.С. , Шестаков Е.А. , Мельниченко В.Я. , Жибурт Е.Б.
Published: February 2021

Введение: В 2019 г. опубликованы полученные в модели артериального сдвига доказательства более слабой связи с фактором Виллебранда тромбоцитов группы О: у не-О тромбоцитов кинетика этой связи на 40% выше. Высказано предположение о меньшей гемостатической эффективности переливания этих тромбоцитов. Цель исследования: сопоставить клиническую эффективность переливания тромбоцитов группы О и других фенотипов системы группы крови АВО (не-О). Материалы и методы: У 310 пациентов проведено 674 переливания тромбоцитов. Анализировали и оценивали клиническую эффективность переливания двух групп тромбоцитов различных фенотипов системы группы крови АВО: О (n = 290) и не-О (n = 384). Результаты: При переливании О-тромбоцитов реципиентам реже требовались последующие трансфузии, а интервал до следующей трансфузии в среднем был на 21,7% больше, чем при переливании не-О тромбоцитов. После переливания О-тромбоцитов и не-О тромбоцитов не выявлено различий в концентрации тромбоцитов в крови реципиентов до переливания и спустя 20 ч. При переливании О-тромбоцитов наблюдали более высокий абсолютный прирост тромбоцитов в крови реципиентов, однако скорректированный прирост тромбоцитов после переливания О и не-О тромбоцитов не различался. Заключение: Таким образом, гипотеза о сниженной гемостатической активности тромбоцитов группы О не подтверждена.

Background: In 2019 on arterial shift model the evidence was obtained of a weaker connection of von Willebrand factor and group O-platelets: in non-O platelets the kinetics of this connection was higher by 40%. A hypothesis was suggested that the O-platelet transfusion is hemostatically less effective. Objectives: to compare the clinical effectiveness of O-platelets transfusion and other phenotypes of ABO blood group (non-O). Patients/Methods: In 310 patients, 674 platelet transfusions were performed. Clinical effectiveness of transfusion of two platelet groups with different phenotypes of ABO blood group was analyzed and assessed: O (n = 290) and non-O (n = 384). Results: After O-platelets transfusion, recipients rarely required next transfusions, and the interval until next transfusion was on average 21.7% longer than after non-O platelets transfusion. After transfusion of O-platelets and non-O platelets, there were no differences between platelets concentration in recipient’s blood before transfusion and after 20 hours. After O-platelets transfusion, a higher absolute increment of platelets in recipient’s blood was observed, but the corrected increment of platelets after transfusion of O and non-O platelets did not differ. Conclusions: So, the hypothesis of reduced hemostatic activity of O-platelets is not confirmed.
Coagulopathy in COVID-19 infection
Authors: Кузнецов С.И. , Шестаков Е.А. , Жибурт Е.Б.
Published: February 2021

Введение. Известно о коагулопатиях при инфекциях коронавирусами SARS и MERS. Цель исследования: изучить накопленную информацию о коагулопатии при инфекции COVID-19. Материалы и методы. В библиотеке PubMed провели поиск по ключевым словам «COVID-19», «coagulopathy». Обнаружили 15 публикаций, содержащих результаты оригинальных исследований. Результаты. При тяжелом течении заболевания наблюдают цитокиновый шторм, более высокие уровни Д-димера и продуктов деградации фибрина (ПДФ), более длительное протромбиновое время и активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время. Данные о частоте развития синдрома диссеминированного внутрисосудистого свертывания противоречивы. Заключение. У пациентов с COVID-19 с острой дыхательной недостаточностью наблюдается выраженная гиперкоагуляция. Всем госпитализированным пациентам с COVID-19 рекомендована фармакологическая тромбопрофилактика низкомолекулярными гепаринами или фондапаринуксом. Донорскую плазму для пассивной иммунотерапии нужно переливать только в рамках клинических исследований.

Background. Coagulopathies are known for infections with SARS and MERS coronaviruses. Objectives: the reviewing the early accumulated information on coagulopathy in COVID-19. Patients / Methods. In PubMed Library with the keywords «COVID-19», «coagulopathy» we selected 15 publications containing the results of original studies. Results. In severe cases of the disease, a cytokine storm is observed, higher levels of D-dimer and fibrin degradation products (FDP), longer prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Data about incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation are contradictory. Conclusions. Patients with COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure exhibit severe hypercoagulation. Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparins or fondaparinux is recommended for all hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Donor plasma for
passive immunotherapy should be transfused only as part of clinical trials.
The using of modular system (mega prosthesis) for hip, femur, and knee replacement in patient with severe hemophilia A.
Authors: Мишин Г.В. , Зоренко В.Ю. , Карпов Е.Е. , Садыкова Н.В. , Сампиев М.С. , Полянская Т.Ю.
Published: February 2021

Представлен случай использования модульной эндосистемы (мега протеза), протезирующей коленный сустав, бедренную кость и тазобедренный сустав у больного с тяжелой формой гемофилии А. На поздних стадиях гемофилической артропатии оптимальным методом лечения является тотальное эндопротезирование пораженного сустава. Проведение таких операций у больных гемофилией возможно только на фоне заместительной гемостатической терапии. В большинстве случаев прибегают к использованию первичных эндопротезов, позволяющих максимально сохранить собственную костную ткань пациента. Десятилетняя выживаемость первичных эндопротезов коленного и тазобедренного суставов у пациентов с гемофилией составляет около 80%. В редких случаях использование первичных эндопротезов затруднено или невозможно в связи с недостаточным массивом костной ткани: асептическая нестабильность эндопротеза, перипротезный перелом, сильная деформация эпифизов бедренной и большеберцовой костей, гемофилическая псевдоопухоль бедренных и большеберцовых костей и др. В таких случаях требуется замещение дефекта костной ткани на значительном протяжении. Модульные эндопротезы (мега протезы, модульные эндосистемы) позволяют замещать частично или полностью диафизы костей. В мировой литературе описаны единичные случаи использования модульных эндосистем у больных гемофилией.

The article presents a case of using a modular endosystem (mega prosthesis) that prosthetics the knee joint, femur and hip joint in a patient with severe hemophilia A. In the late stages of hemophilic arthropathy, the optimal treatment method is total joint replacement. Such operations in patients with hemophilia can only be performed with hemostatic replacement therapy. In most cases, primary endoprostheses are used to preserve the patient’s own bone tissue as much as possible. The 10-year survival rate of primary knee and hip replacements in patients with hemophilia is about 80%. In rare cases, the use of primary endoprostheses is difficult or impossible due to insufficient bone mass: aseptic loosening of the endoprosthesis, periprosthetic fracture, severe deformation of the femoral and tibial epiphyses, hemophilic pseudotumor of the femoral and tibial bones, etc. In such cases, it is necessary to replace the bone defect for a significant length. Modular endoprostheses (mega prostheses, modular endosystems) allow you to replace partially or completely the bone diaphysis. The world literature describes isolated cases of using modular endosystems in patients with hemophilia. It is interesting to share the experience of using a modular endosystem for hip, femur, and knee prosthetics in a patient with severe hemophilia A.
Technologies for personalization of brand marketing communications using artificial intelligence
Authors: Timokhovich A. N. , Bulycheva O. S.
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the problem of implementation of personalization in marketing communications based on empathy of brand consumers. The paper substantiates the significance of artificial intelligence in the collection and processing of a large amount of personal data of users of the online space. The article presents an analysis of the main scientific approaches of Russian and foreign authors specializing in the study of the emotional component in the construction of personalized online communications. The authors present the results of the comprehensive research of consumers’ attitude to the personalization of marketing communications based on the artificial intelligence capabilities. In the course of the study the authors consider the technologies of using artificial intelligence mechanisms in the construction of personal communications in the online environment. The article gives theoretical substantiation of the need to use the mechanism of empathy in the construction of personalized communication with consumers. The paper substantiates conclusions about the possibility to build empathic connection between brands and their consumers under the condition of activating the function of emotional contagion, the effectiveness of using the emotional state of consumers in the preparation of personalized offers. The study describes the specifics of using personalized marketing communications as a modern marketing tool, which is expressed in the impact on the identification of buyers at the subconscious level. The article presents the technologies of personalization through consumers’ attitudes towards personalized communications. The paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted by the authors of the article in the spring of 2020, aimed at determining the willingness of consumers to share information about their emotional states. The article makes the conclusions about the existence of consumers’ need for trusting relationship with brands based on the mechanism of empathy; about the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of personalized brand communications through the use of segmentation of consumers depending on their mood; about the benefits of using artificial intelligence technologies in marketing communications.
Chemoinformatic Analysis of Psychotropic and Antihistaminic Drugs in the Light of Experimental Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activities
Authors: Villoutreix Bruno , Krishnamoorthy Rajagopal , Tamouza Ryad , Leboyer Marion , Beaune Philippe
Published: February 2021

Introduction: There is an urgent need to identify therapies that prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and improve the outcome of COVID-19 patients. Objective: We proposed, before summer 2020, that cationic amphiphilic psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs could protect psychiatric patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection based upon clinical observations. At that time, experimental in vitro data on SARS-CoV-2 were missing. Methods: Open high-throughput screening results are now available at the NCATS COVID19 portal and it is possible to investigate again our initial hypothesis using simple chemoinformatics approaches but this time with in vitro data on SARS-CoV-2. Results and Discussion: We here revisit our hypothesis in the light of SARS-CoV-2 experimental screening results and propose that several cationic amphiphilic psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs could possibly protect people from SARS-CoV-2 infection; some of these molecules have very limited adverse effects and could eventually be used as prophylactic drugs. Further, recent analysis of electronic health records reported by other research groups, including drug combinations, also suggest that a small list of molecules could be of interest at different stages of the disease progression. Taken together, these observations suggest that clinical trials are now needed to fully evaluate the potentials of these molecules.
Knowledge, Treatment-Seeking, and Socioeconomic Impact of Malaria on the Essequibo Coast of Guyana
Authors: Booth Christopher , MacLean J. Dick
Published: February 2021

The study was conducted to provide insight into malaria control efforts in Guyana, and to identify areas to emphasize in future educational campaigns. To do this, a community-based survey of knowledge, treatment-seeking patterns, and socio-economic impact of malaria was conducted at four outdoor markets in Region 2 Guyana. One hundred and eight individuals between the ages of 16 and 65 who had a malaria infection in the previous twelve months were interviewed. Within the study population, 94% identified mosquitoes as being the source of malaria infection. More than 70% of respondents identified fever, headache and chills as symptoms of malaria. Sixty percent of individuals incorrectly believed that women could not be treated with antimalarials when pregnant or they risked spontaneous abortion or congenital defects. Most individuals (76%) used bed nets although very few nets were chemically treated. Mean delay in presentation to a health clinic was 6.3 days. Use of the official health care sector was high (96%) and relatively few individuals (15%) self-treated with antimalarials. Compliance with antimalarial regimens was also found to be relatively good (92%). Cost of treatment was significantly higher among those who used private clinics (US$ 13.74) than those who used public clinics (US$ 0.96) (p < 0.001). The good level of knowledge of malaria may be due to the relatively high literacy rate and level of education in Guyana. The fact that public clinics in Guyana provide treatment and antimalarials at no cost may explain the relatively high use of the official health sector, low levels of self-treatment, and good compliance.
Twelfth European Students’ Conference
Authors: Geisler B. , Akdenizli K. , Neidhardt A. , Ovaska E. , Recklinghausen J. V. , Schuster A. , Wirth L. , Wlodarski M.
Published: February 2021

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Legal Parameters to Medical, Ethical and Professional Responsibilities: Are Doctors Appropriately Categorised as Fiduciaries
Authors: Guy Scott , Hocking Barbara , Muirhead Stewart
Published: February 2021

N/A
Primates' Food Preferences Predict Their Food Choices Even Under Uncertain Conditions
Authors: Huskisson Sarah M. , Egelkamp Crystal L. , Jacobson Sarah L. , Ross Stephen R. , Hopper Lydia M.
Published: February 2021

Primates’ food preferences are typically assessed under conditions of certainty. To increase ecological validity, and to explore primates’ decision making from a comparative perspective, we tested three primate species (Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Macaca fuscata) (N = 18) in two food-preference tests that created different conditions of uncertainty. In the first, we showed subjects pairs of photographs of six foods in a randomized manner within each session, so subjects could not predict the next pairing and had to respond in accordance with their preferences. We found individual differences in subjects’ preference and differences in six subjects’ preferences when comparing their selections in this test to selections made when trials were blocked by food pairing (tested previously: Huskisson et al., 2020). In in each trial of the second test we paired the food stimuli with a ‘chance’ symbol, representing a random reward of one of the six foods. Across species, each subject’s propensity to select chance over the known food varied by food type: when the known option was highly preferred, subjects were less likely to select the chance symbol. Additionally, 61.11% of the subjects’ rates of selecting foods in the first test showed a positive trend with the rates of selecting the same foods under conditions of uncertainty here; three of these subjects’ selection rates were significantly correlated between tests. Finally, if the food chimpanzees received for selecting the chance symbol was a preferred food, they were more likely to select chance again in the subsequent trial.
Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of extracts of Barleria cuspidata Heyne ex Nees on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
Authors: Manohar Reddy  , Raja Sundararajan
Published: February 2021

Traditionally, Barleria cuspidata Heyne ex Nees is utilized for antidiabetic action with the absence of logical investigation. Thus, the current examination was attempted to explore for its antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic movement in streptozotocin instigated diabetic animal models. Blood glucose levels were estimated in normoglycemic rats at initial, 60th and 120th minutes intervals and in glucose feed hyperglycemic rats at initial, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after a solitary portion of streptozotocin at 55 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal were made diabetic in albino rats. Blood glucose levels were estimated at week by week spans after everyday administration of chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria cuspidata at dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. Other biochemical boundaries of serum triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid, creatinine, urea, transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransaminase, insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin were likewise estimated toward the finish of the investigation. Chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria cuspidata by an oral organization for 21 days altogether (P<0.001) decreases the elevated blood glucose extents in diabetic rats whereas in normoglycemic rats it doesn't adjust the blood glucose amounts altogether and in glucose feed hyperglycemic rats significantly decreases the raised blood glucose levels. Likewise, the chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria cuspidata improved other biochemical boundaries related to diabetes. Moreover, the extracts of Barleria cuspidata favourable affect the histopathological changes of pancreas in streptozotocin initiated diabetic rats. Delayed consequences legitimize the traditional utilization of Barleria cuspidata for its anti-diabetic action.
Pattern of usage of psychotropic agents in geriatric patients in a teritiary care hospital
Authors: Drishya Dev  , Rakhi Krishna  , Mahima Bharathi  , Neethu C M  , Alex Baby Paul  , Priya Vijayakumar
Published: February 2021

Psychotropic medications are used in the treatment of chronic psychotic disorders like anxiety, depression, insomnia, bipolar disorders, cognitive impairment, seizure, loss of consciousness, altered sensorium, delirium etc. The objective of this study is to describe the pattern of use of psychotropic medications in patients presenting to geriatrics department, to compare the pattern of usage of psychotropic medication at the time of admission versus at the time of discharge and to find out the dose optimization pattern in elderly patients. Observational retrospective study, conducted in the department of geriatrics. The sample size calculated for the study was 35. The study was carried out through AHIS and by reviewing case files. The data were collected on specially designed data collection forms. Consumption of the psychotropic drugs was the highest within 71-80 years of age group, of which 49.15% of patients fall in this age group. All of the patients prescribed with psychotropic medications had insomnia (26.70%), followed by anxiety (20.30%), seizure (20.30%) and depression (16.90%). Among the 2nd generation anti psychotropics, quetiapine was the most frequently prescribed drug (54.24%). Benzodiazepines were the preferred antidepressants (36%) followed by SSRIs. Sixty two percent of the patients continued the same dose prescribed from the outside hospital and a dose increment was done for 37.5% of the patients. The incidence of usage of psychotropic medications were found to be more with females. Atypical antipsychotic drugs were the most commonly used ones. Current evidence shows no superiority for atypical antipsychotics over haloperidol.
A detailed investigation in determining Alzheimer’s disease and its risk factor using different classification techniques
Authors: Mahendran Radha  , Anitha M  , Jeyabaskar Suganya
Published: February 2021

The prevalence of genetic disorders has recently crept surprisingly high. Neurodegenerative complications, specifically, pose physical and mental stress to parents and caretakers. These complications may be witnessed in the case of dementia. The general dementia type that accounted for between 60 to 80 per cent of psychiatric illnesses was Alzheimer's disease. At an earlier stage, illness detection serves as a critical task that helps the diseased person to enjoy a decent quality of life. It has become a much necessitated strategy towards relying on automated techniques like data mining approach for early diagnosis and assessment of risk factors concerned with Alzheimer’s. There has been an unprecedented growth of interest concerned with devising novelized approaches proposed in recent times for classifying the disease. However, there is still a grave need for developing an efficacious approach for better prognosis and classification. Data mining is carried out using different machine-learning approaches to assess the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Through the present research, and we compared numerous classification methods such as Decision Tree, Linear SVM, KNN, Logistic Regression, Radial SVM, and Random Forest, and finally reported the most outstanding approach in terms of its accuracy.
Pre-Operative Scapular Rehabilitation for Arthroscopic Repair of Traumatic Rotator Cuff Tear: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Almeida Luane Landim de , Mendes Júnior Adriano Fernando , Neto José da Mota , Simoni Leandro Furtado De , Lopes Karine Helena Souza , Guimarães Paloma Carvalho , Valério Brenda Iasmin de Oliveira , Sciascia Aaron
Published: February 2021

Background

Pre-operative rehabilitation aims to improve the functional capacity of the individual to enable him/her to prepare for the period of inactivity associated with the surgical procedure.

Objective

To evaluate the impact of preoperative scapular rehabilitation before arthroscopic repair of traumatic rotator cuff injury, regarding pain, range of motion of the shoulder, and functional activity.

Study Design

Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) – pilot.

Methods

Twenty adult individuals (age range: 47-69 years), with a diagnosis of traumatic rotator cuff tear and arthroscopic surgical repair, were randomized and allocated into two groups: experimental (EG) (n = 10) and control group (CG) (n = 10). All participants underwent preoperative rehabilitation for six weeks, consisting of mobility exercises of the cervical spine, elbow, wrist, and hand, and analgesics education. The EG also performed scapular and core stabilization exercises, which were not performed by the CG. Exercise instruction was performed by the same physiotherapist and the surgical team was blinded to group participation in the preoperative period. After arthroscopic repair, the patients followed the same protocol of postoperative rehabilitation for 16 weeks, and functional evaluation was conducted after three months and in a follow-up of at least one year.

Results

Compared to the CG, the EG presented with a significant decrease in pain between the preoperative period and after one year (p < 0.05). In relation to the preoperative period, flexion and external rotation increased significantly in both groups after three months (p<0.05), and abduction was significantly higher in the EG (p < 0.05). Compared to CG, the EG presented a significantly higher SF-12 physical component after three months (48.47 vs. 40.33, p < 0.05), and a significantly lower Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) total after one year (85.00 vs. 1130.00, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Preoperative scapular rehabilitation had a positive impact on recovery after arthroscopic repair of traumatic rotator cuff injury, in the assessment of pain, range of motion of the shoulder, and quality of life.

Levels of Evidence

Level 1
Differences in Physical and Psychological Parameters in Sub-Elite, Male, Youth Soccer Players with Jumper’s Knee Following Physical Therapy Compared to Healthy Controls: A Longitudinal Examination
Authors: Niering Marc , Muehlbauer Thomas
Published: February 2021

Purpose/Background

Many adolescent athletes suffer from jumper’s knee (JK) over a long period of time and return to sports before symptoms are fully resolved. Current treatment methods may not reduce pain in the short term, especially not during a competitive season. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in physical, psychological, and injury-/pain-related parameters in sub-elite male youth soccer players, who previously underwent physical therapy for JK compared to healthy controls (HC) over the course of a season.

Methods

All subjects were tested four times (start of the season [T1], 6 [T2], 16 [T3], and 20 [T4] weeks after the start of the season). Outcome measures included muscle power (drop jump, jump-and-reach), change of direction speed [CODS] (acyclic sprint), speed (tapping, 30-m linear sprint), endurance (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1), the Achievement Motives Scale (AMS) Sport, and injury-/pain-related data. Univariate analysis of variance was used to compare differences in variables between the two groups over the course of a soccer season.

Results

Over the season, the jumper’s knee group (JK; 15.1 ± 0.8 yr) demonstrated significantly worse physical performance in CODS (to the left side: 1.37≤ Cohen’s d ≤ 1.51 [T1-T4]; p < 0.001 / to the right side: 1.24 ≤ d ≤ 1.53 [T1-T4]; p < 0.001) and speed (0.48 ≤ d ≤ 1.26 [T1-T4]; p < 0.007) compared to healthy controls (HC; 15.0 ± 1.0 yr). Further, psychological parameters showed worse values in JK than in HC for the AMS Sport items “hope for success” and “fear of failure” that especially showed a significant difference at T1 (d = 0.65; p = 0.032 / d = 0.68; p = 0.027) and T2 (d = 0.50; p = 0.076 / d = 0.80; p = 0.012). Moreover, the JK group showed significantly higher incident rates for non-contact lower limb injuries (d = 0.69; p = 0.049) per 1,000 hours (i.e., practices/competitions), injury-related rest periods (d = 2.06; p = 0.043), and pain-related training interruptions (d = 1.35; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The observed findings imply that there are significant differences in physical and psychological performance of youth soccer players after physical therapy for JK compared to HC. When designing rehabilitation and/or training programs, as well as determining the point of return to sport the impact of the injury needs to be taken into account.

Level of Evidence:

1b
Quadriceps Strength Influences Patient Function More Than Single Leg Forward Hop During Late-Stage ACL Rehabilitation
Authors: Chaput Meredith , Palimenio Marcus , Farmer Brooke , Katsavelis Dimitrios , Bagwell Jennifer J. , Turman Kimberly A. , Wichman Chris , Grindstaff Terry L.
Published: February 2021

Background

A comprehensive battery of tests are used to inform return to play decisions following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Performance measures contribute to patient function, but it is not clear if achieving symmetrical performance on strength and hop tests is sufficient or if a patient also needs to meet minimum unilateral thresholds.

Hypothesis/Purpose

To determine the association of quadriceps strength and single-leg forward hop performance with patient-reported function, as measured by the IKDC Subjective Knee Form (IKDC), during late-stage ACL rehabilitation. A secondary purpose was to determine which clinical tests were the most difficult for participants to pass.

Study Design

Descriptive Laboratory Study

Methods

Forty-eight individuals with a history of ACL-R (32 female, 16 male; mean±SD age=18.0±2.7 y; height=172.4±7.6 cm; mass=69.6±11.4 kg; time since surgery=7.7±1.8 months; IKDC=86.8±10.6) completed the IKDC survey, quadriceps isometric strength, and single-leg forward hop performance. The relationship between IKDC scores and performance measures (LSI and involved limb) was determined using stepwise linear regression. Frequency counts were used to determine whether participants met clinical thresholds (IKDC ≥ 90%, quadriceps and single-leg forward hop LSI ≥ 90%, quadriceps peak torque ≥ 3.0 Nm/kg, and single-leg forward hop ≥ 80% height for females and ≥ 90% height for males).

Results

Quadriceps LSI and involved limb peak torque explained 39% of the variance in IKDC scores while measures of single-leg forward hop performance did not add to the predictive model. Nearly 90% of participants could not meet established clinical thresholds on all five tests and quadriceps strength (LSI and peak torque) was the most common unmet criteria (71% of participants).

Conclusions

During late-stage ACL rehabilitation deficits in quadriceps strength contribute more to patient function and are greater in magnitude compared to hop test performance.

Level of evidence

Cross-Sectional Study, Level 3
The Relationship Between Hip Strength and Postural Stability in Collegiate Athletes Who Participate in Lower Extremity Dominant Sports
Authors: Olsen Bryce , Freijomil Nicholas , Csonka Jennifer , Moore Tara , Killelea Carolyn , Faherty Mallory S , Sell Timothy C
Published: February 2021

Background

Lower extremity (LE) injuries are common across many sports. Both core strength (including hip strength) deficits and poor postural stability have been linked to lower extremity (LE) injury. The relationship between these two characteristics is unknown.

Purpose

To explore the relationships between hip strength, static postural stability, and dynamic postural stability.

Study Design

Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Methods

162 Division I student-athletes (111 males and 51 females) participated in this study. Isometric hip strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer and both single-leg static (eyes open EO and eyes closed EC) and dynamic postural stability were assessed with a force plate. Pairwise correlations were calculated to examine the relationship between the hip strength variables and the postural stability scores for all subjects and separately for males and females.

Results

There were no significant correlations between hip strength and dynamic postural stability for any of the pairwise correlations. Significant, albeit minimal, correlations between EO and EC static postural stability and each of the hip strength variables for all subjects and male subjects (correlation coefficients ranged from -0.19 to -0.34). However, there were only two significant correlations between hip strength and EC static postural stability (hip internal/external rotation) and one for hip strength and EO postural stability (hip internal rotation) found for female subjects (correlation coefficients ranged from -0.28 to -0.31).

Conclusion

There was no relationship between isometric hip strength and dynamic postural stability; whereas, there were some relationships between the strength measures and static postural stability. These significant, but minimal correlations were observed in more of the comparisons within the male cohort potentially demonstrating a sex difference.

Level of Evidence

3b
Development of an IoT System for Environmental Monitoring: Software
Authors: Secker Benjamin
Published: February 2021

Use of the Internet of Things (IoT) is poised to be the next big advancement in environmental monitoring. We present the high-level software side of a proof-of-concept that demonstrates an end-to-end environmental monitoring system,

replacing Greater Wellington Regional Council’s expensive data loggers with low-cost, IoT centric embedded devices, and it’s supporting cloud platform. The proof-of-concept includes a Micropython-based software stack running on an ESP32 microcontroller. The device software includes a built-in webserver that hosts a responsive Web App for configuration of the device. Telemetry data is sent over Vodafone’s NB-IoT network and stored in Azure IoT Central, where it can be visualised and exported.

While future development is required for a production-ready system, the proof-of-concept justifies the use of modern IoT technologies for environmental monitoring. The open source nature of the project means that the knowledge gained can be re-used and modified to suit the use-cases for other organisations.
The effect of gloss type on learners’ intake of new words during reading: evidence from eye-tracking
Authors: Warren Paul , Boers F , Grimshaw Georgina , Siyanova Anna
Published: February 2021

Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018. A reading experiment combining online and offline data evaluates the effect on second language learners' reading behaviors and lexical uptake of three gloss types designed to clarify word meaning. These are (a) textual definition, (b) textual definition accompanied by picture, and (c) picture only. We recorded eye movements while intermediate learners of English read a story presented on-screen and containing six glossed pseudowords repeated three times each. Cumulative fixation counts and time spent on the pseudowords predicted posttest performance for form recall and meaning recognition, confirming findings of previous eye-tracking studies of vocabulary acquisition from reading. However, the total visual attention given to pseudowords and glosses was smallest in the condition with picture-only glosses, and yet this condition promoted best retention of word meaning. This suggests that gloss types differentially influence learners' processing of novel words in ways that may elude the quantitative measures of attention captured by eye-tracking.