bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literature Review: Awareness of Anaesthesia
Authors: Smith A
Published: December 2017

A review of qualitative literature regarding ‘awareness under general anaesthesia’ was undertaken, this term being defined as full consciousness during surgery with explicit recall of events. This study was designed to explore a perioperative practitioner's knowledge, skill base and education on the subject of awareness. It also explores the practitioner's role in ‘looking out for’ and ‘rectification’, their obligations to the patient and their statutory bodies, as well as adherence to standards of conduct, performance and ethics. The paper aims to shed light on this phenomenon and to empower a practitioner to act for the benefit of the service user.
Development and Implementation of a Theatre Booking Form and Morning Briefing Meeting to Improve Emergency Theatre Efficiency
Authors: Williams JP , Spernaes I , Duff E , Argent M , Frankish J , Dinham H
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to improve emergency theatre efficiency via the introduction of a theatre booking form and morning briefing meeting. Process mapping was used to engage staff and consider if the emergency theatre may benefit from the application of a structured process of communication. A theatre booking form and morning briefing meeting were implemented to promote change. Efficiency was measured by theatre utilisation and characterised into neutral time, efficient time and inefficient time. The results demonstrated a 12.9% increase in efficient time, 3.3% fall in inefficient time and 9.6% fall in neutral time post-implementation, during the high volume work period of 08:00 to 17:59 on weekdays. No improvement in efficiency was demonstrated outside these hours or on weekends during lower volume workloads. Utilisation of a theatre booking form and morning briefing meeting improved emergency theatre efficiency during high volume work periods by the application of a structured process of communication.
Career Opportunities for Theatre Practitioners
Authors: Cadman Victoria
Published: December 2017

‘What's the point in doing that?’ This is often the response given to those saying they are undertaking education outside of work hours. Many do not see their role in theatre as just a job, but now want a career which means extra studying. Ideally this needs to be in advance so they are one step ahead for when an opportunity arises. Career opportunities and education go hand in hand together, and so it is difficult to discuss one without mentioning the other to some degree. We need education to access career opportunities, but we also need career routes to help drive education forward.
Emerging/Changing Fashion Trends and their Impact on Conduct of Anaesthesia
Authors: Zaidi N
Published: December 2017

One of the innate features of human behaviour is to enhance personal image in order to look different from the rest of the crowd and to satisfy a need for individualism. People use different dress codes, body makeup and artificial gadgets to improve their personal and physical appearance. The main motive behind all these efforts is personal satisfaction, to appear attractive to others and to overcome phobias and complexes.
Highly Virulent Pathogens - a Post Antibiotic Era?
Authors: Domin Michael A
Published: December 2017

The spectrum of infectious diseases is changing rapidly. Emerging infectious agents present an intriguing constellation of nosocomial challenges. Antimicrobial resistance results in increased morbidity, mortality and costs of health care. Resistance to antimicrobial agents has been recorded since 1940 with penicillin resistant Escherichia coli (E coli) (Abraham and Chain 1940).

A similar pencillin resistance was reported in 1944 in Staphylococus aureus (S. aureus) (Kirby 1944) Even before the widespread global use of penicillin, resistance had already been detected in both grampositive and gram-negative organisms. The 1990s herald the era of multiple drug resistance. To grasp further the enormity and complexity of our modern antimicrobial resistance problem, one only needs to think about how many - how fast -and in how many settings (hospitals, clinics, outpatients nursing and long term facilities, etc), these pathogens have developed antimicrobial resistance: Multiple drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumonia, fluconzole-resistant Candida, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and now S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin.

Given the dramatic increase in the incidence of multiple drug-resistant organisms - and now - the mounting evidence of resistance transfer from one organism to another, we will certainly witness a combined growth of nosocomial pathogens, for which there are no antibiotic solutions. Appropriate infection control measures for such resistant strains depend, in part, on the mechanisms of genetic information exchanged among micro-organisms. Clearly we need to strengthen the basic tenets of infection prevention and control; hygiene, engineering and microbial barriers, to prevent transinfection. We need to control horizontal nosocomial transmission of organisms. Contaminated environmental surfaces are a reservoir for resistant organisms such as MRSA (Boyce et al 1997) and VRE (Karanfil et al 1992).

Stringent infection control policies need to be developed and implemented. A comprehensively applied infection control programme will reduce the dissemination of resistant strains. Each patient care setting must examine its current practices and review the outcome efficacy. A consensus development conference to develop centres for disease control (CDC) formal guidelines against vancomycin intermediate-level resistant staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) may take a year or more to convene. This paper will examine the basic considerations currently offered by the CDC which may be valuable starting points for the enhancement of current infection control practices. Perspectives of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) will also be included.
A narrative review of long-term central venous access devices for the intensivist
Authors: Moir David , Bodenham Andrew
Published: December 2017

Long-term central venous access devices are increasingly prevalent and consequently often encountered by intensivists. This review introduces the different types of long-term central venous access devices, outlines their potential utility, examines potential complications associated with their use and outlines an approach to the management of these complications.
AAI Foresight Remembers Graham T. T. Molitor
Authors: Wagner Cynthia G.
Published: December 2017

Graham Molitor was both an officer of the World Future Society (WFS) and its neighbor, and his frequent visits to the WFS offices were always informative and inspiring. This essay provides an overview of his work before and during his association with WFS.
Dynamic Volume Completion and Deformation
Authors: Tse Peter Ulric
Published: December 2017

A new class of dynamic volume completion is introduced, where image elements (e.g., occluding semi-ellipses placed at the edge of an object) can link across a gap between two or more objects, leading to the perception of illusory volumes that deform as those image elements are set into relative motion. These new demonstrations provide further evidence that volume completion is not dictated solely by contour relatability constraints, but is instead a dynamic process of 3D shape construction that also takes into account dynamic cues to object shape, even in the absence of any contour relatability whatsoever.
Job satisfaction among mental healthcare professionals: The respective contributions of professional characteristics, team attributes, team processes, and team emergent states
Authors: Fleury Marie-Josée , Grenier Guy , Bamvita Jean-Marie
Published: December 2017

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to determine the respective contribution of professional characteristics, team attributes, team processes, and team emergent states on the job satisfaction of 315 mental health professionals from Quebec (Canada).

Methods:

Job satisfaction was measured with the Job Satisfaction Survey. Independent variables were organized into four categories according to a conceptual framework inspired from the Input-Mediator-Outcomes-Input Model. The contribution of each category of variables was assessed using hierarchical regression analysis.

Results:

Variations in job satisfaction were mostly explained by team processes, with minimal contribution from the other three categories. Among the six variables significantly associated with job satisfaction in the final model, four were team processes: stronger team support, less team conflict, deeper involvement in the decision-making process, and more team collaboration. Job satisfaction was also associated with nursing and, marginally, male gender (professional characteristics) as well as with a stronger affective commitment toward the team (team emergent states).

Discussion and Conclusion:

Results confirm the importance for health managers of offering adequate support to mental health professionals, and creating an environment favorable to collaboration and decision-sharing, and likely to reduce conflicts between team members.
Rapid resolution of left ventricular thrombus with apixaban therapy
Authors: Berry Abeer , Brancheau Daniel , Zughaib Marcel
Published: December 2017

It is a common medical practice to anticoagulate an asymptomatic left ventricular mural thrombus following an ST-elevation myocardial infarction using a vitamin K antagonist. Novel oral anticoagulants have not been studied extensively in this context, and therefore, no recommendations have been made for their use. A 67-year-old male physician with no significant medical history presented to the cardiology clinic complaining of shortness of breath that had been gradually worsening over a 2-week period and was found to have an anterior wall myocardial infarction with apical left ventricular thrombus that was treated with apixaban. We present a case of rapid resolution of left ventricular thrombus with the use of apixaban for anticoagulation. Although there are no guideline recommendations for this use, there have been case series and case reports that have shown safety and efficacy. Apixaban can be used for rapid resolution of left ventricular thrombus treatment.
Atraumatic bilateral rupture of the peroneus brevis tendon in recreational sport: A case report
Authors: Scheidegger Patric , Weisskopf Lukas , Hirschmüller Anja
Published: December 2017

Issue:

Lower extremity tendon injuries often occur in physically active individuals. Most ruptures not involving great force are diagnosed in patients presenting underlying tendon degenerations. This also applies to patients taking medications because of a disease. We have observed several cases of bilateral Achilles tendon ruptures in patients who have been taking cortisone for a long period. We treated a healthy colleague (neurologist) in our clinic who sustained ruptures of the Achilles tendon on the left side (2012) and the peroneus brevis tendon on left side (2015) and right side (2016) after minimal traumata. Aim of this report is to provide a systematic review of this case and a literature review of similar cases, as few such cases have been published.

Methods:

We reviewed and analysed this patient’s records containing the sport-specific anamnesis, pre-existing condition, anamnesis of medications and therapy. The three injuries were magnetic resonance imaging–proven. Furthermore, the tendon’s condition was examined histologically in the context of the operative treatment through lace technique of the Achilles tendon and transfer of the peroneus brevis to the peroneus longus. We also researched the literature for bilateral ruptures of the peroneal tendons.

Results and conclusion:

The anamnesis confirmed no underlying disease. The patient took a macrolide antibiotic about half a year prior to the first peroneal injury for an otitis media. He denied having taken any other antibiotics, especially no quinolone antibiotics. However, the patient reported cortisone intake for 2 days some months before the second peroneal injury to treat an allergic reaction. That involved no local cortisone infiltration in the lower extremity. He underwent surgery within the first 2 weeks after each trauma. Each time, postoperative follow-ups revealed a good healing process. Three months after each operation, the patient was free of complaints. Axibal and Anderson described a patient with bilateral peroneus longus and peroneus brevis ruptures, as well as an Achilles tendon rupture on the left side plus tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon on the right side of uncertain aetiology. We detected additional similar cases in patients who had taken medications, especially cortisone and levofloxacine. Further research should be conducted to clarify other risk factors to help prevent such injuries.
Delayed diagnosis of a patient with Usher syndrome 1C in a Louisiana Acadian family highlights the necessity of timely genetic testing for the diagnosis and management of congenital hearing loss
Authors: Umrigar Ayesha , Musso Amanda , Mercer Danielle , Hurley Annette , Glausier Cassondra , Bakeer Mona , Marble Michael , Hicks Chindo , Tsien Fern
Published: December 2017

Advances in sequencing technologies and increased understanding of the contribution of genetics to congenital sensorineural hearing loss have led to vastly improved outcomes for patients and their families. Next-generation sequencing and diagnostic panels have become increasingly reliable and less expensive for clinical use. Despite these developments, the diagnosis of genetic sensorineural hearing loss still presents challenges for healthcare providers. Inherited sensorineural hearing loss has high levels of genetic heterogeneity and variable expressivity. Additionally, syndromic hearing loss (hearing loss and additional clinical abnormalities) should be distinguished from non-syndromic (hearing loss is the only clinical symptom). Although the diagnosis of genetic sensorineural hearing loss can be challenging, the patient’s family history and ethnicity may provide critical information, as certain genetic mutations are more common in specific ethnic populations. The early identification of the cause of deafness can benefit patients and their families by estimating recurrence risks for future family planning and offering the proper interventions to improve their quality of life. Collaboration between pediatricians, audiologists, otolaryngologists, geneticists, and other specialists are essential in the diagnosis and management of patients with hearing disorders. An early diagnosis is vital for proper management and care, as some clinical manifestations of syndromic sensorineural hearing loss are not apparent at birth and have a delayed age of onset. We present a case of Usher syndrome (congenital deafness and childhood-onset blindness) illustrating the challenges encountered in the diagnosis and management of children presenting with congenital genetic sensorineural hearing loss, along with helpful resources for clinicians and families.
Varicose vein appearance caused by perforating vein incompetence detected after intense cycling
Authors: Davies Charlotte E , White Angie M , Whiteley Mark S
Published: December 2017

The role of incompetent perforating veins in the aetiology of varicose veins is not well understood. Anecdotally, competitive cyclists appeared to be more prone to varicose veins than the general population. We present a case of a 63-year-old amateur competitive cyclist who acutely developed a painful varicosity of her left calf while straining during a hill climb in 106-mile cycle race. Duplex ultrasonography has shown an underlying incompetent perforating vein, feeding the varicosity directly through the underlying muscle. With no other significant venous reflux in either leg, we believe this case shows a clear causative association between the stresses put across the lower leg during competitive cycling and developing a varicose vein via an incompetent perforating vein. We believe this should lead to further investigations as to any link between cycling, perforator vein incompetence and the development of varicose veins.
Notions of intimate publicness and the American do-it-yourself music spaces
Authors: Verbuč David
Published: December 2017

I examine in this article how American “do-it-yourself” communities are established socio-spatially both as oppositional and subversive social spaces and scenes and as emerging alternative and autonomous worlds that challenge and transcend the effects and implications of the normative private–public distinction in the United States. I specifically analyze how these do-it-yourself spheres are organized around particular spatial discourses and spatial practices, policies, and interactions enacted at do-it-yourself shows that promote social intimacy, collective solidarity, diversity, and equality. Furthermore, I focus on the tensions and contradictions that exist within American do-it-yourself spaces and scenes in regard to utopian and “real” worlds, inclusive and exclusive social practices, and homogeneous and heterogeneous communities, as manifested through the tensions between private and public nature of American do-it-yourself spaces and scenes. Based on my long-term ethnographic fieldwork research in various US locations, and particularly on the American West Coast, I argue that this tension is, on one hand, both politically necessary and socially beneficial since it enables the creation of counterpublic spaces and with that also “new intimacies” and “new worlds” (Warner, 2002). On the other hand, however, it is also limiting and controversial for the political and social aspirations of American do-it-yourself communities. In the article, I delve into the history and theory of public and private spaces, as related to Western do-it-yourself music practice, and then continue with the analysis of my ethnographic data, where I pay particular attention to the publicness of the house, the body, and the scene, as related to American do-it-yourself communities. In this regard, I specifically examine program and space policies, as well as dance and bodily practices, at American do-it-yourself shows and further look at some of the social and political public engagements of American do-it-yourself participants.
To soothe or remove? Affect, revanchism and the weaponized use of classical music
Authors: Thompson Marie
Published: December 2017

Over the past 30 years, in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States, classical music has come to function as a sonic weapon. It is used a means of dispelling and deterring ‘loiterers’ by making particular public and privately owned public spaces – such as shopping malls, bus stations, shop fronts and car parks – undesirable to occupy. In this article, I present weaponized classical music as a ‘revanchist’, audio-affective deterrent. Drawing upon Neil Smith’s description of the revanchist city, I examine how weaponized classical music works to affectively police neoliberal ‘public’ space. While credited with the capacity to ‘soothe away’ deviant behaviour through its calming influence, weaponized classical music ultimately aims to ‘remove’ the figure of the threatening and menacing ‘loiterer’ insofar as it is heard as repellent. Although affect has often been understood in contradistinction to social determinisms, weaponized classical music exemplifies the capacity of musical affects to function as a technology of social reproduction.
Organizational mobilization, action strategy and opportunity structure: Factors affecting the results of homeowners’ collective actions
Authors: Sheng Zhiming
Published: December 2017

Based on perspectives of organizational mobilization, action strategy and political opportunity structure, this study systematically examines the effects of five factors – type of dispute, number of participants, rights-defending method, homeowners’ organization, and government response – on the results of homeowners’ collective actions by analyzing data collected from 191 cases of homeowners’ rights protection activities that took place in China between 1999 and 2012. Findings include the following: (1) in administrative disputes and mixed disputes which involve government departments, homeowners are less likely to successfully protect their interests than in other types of disputes; (2) mobilizing a certain number of participants is conducive to homeowners achieving a satisfactory result, but this does not mean that the more participants are mobilized, the more likely they are to succeed in a collective protest; (3) different kinds of rights protection methods and their combinations influence the results of homeowners’ rights-defending activities; (4) non-institutionalized radical actions do not help homeowners to realize their claims; (5) a well-functioning homeowners’ organization which truly represents the interests of homeowners can significantly increase the success rate of a homeowners’ collective action; and (6) government maladministration (improper intervention or administrative nonfeasance) severely hinders homeowners from successfully defending their legitimate rights and interests. These findings confirm the reality of a strong state and weak society in contemporary China.
Adolescent Victimization and Early-Adult Psychopathology: Approaching Causal Inference Using a Longitudinal Twin Study to Rule Out Noncausal Explanations
Authors: Schaefer Jonathan D. , Moffitt Terrie E. , Arseneault Louise , Danese Andrea , Fisher Helen L. , Houts Renate , Sheridan Margaret A. , Wertz Jasmin , Caspi Avshalom
Published: December 2017

Adolescence is the peak age for both victimization and mental disorder onset. Previous research has reported associations between victimization exposure and many psychiatric conditions. However, causality remains controversial. Within the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, we tested whether seven types of adolescent victimization increased risk of multiple psychiatric conditions and approached causal inference by systematically ruling out noncausal explanations. Longitudinal within-individual analyses showed that victimization was followed by increased mental health problems over a childhood baseline of emotional/behavioral problems. Discordant-twin analyses showed that victimization increased risk of mental health problems independent of family background and genetic risk. Both childhood and adolescent victimization made unique contributions to risk. Victimization predicted heightened generalized liability (the “p factor”) to multiple psychiatric spectra, including internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorders. Results recommend violence reduction and identification and treatment of adolescent victims to reduce psychiatric burden.
Retrospective Analysis of the Accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided Magnetic Resonance Arthrogram Injections of the Hip in the Office Setting
Authors: Jernick Michael , Walker Gallego Edward , Nuzzo Michael
Published: December 2017

Background:

Ultrasound (US)–guided intra-articular hip injections have been proposed in the literature to be accurate, reliable, and safe alternatives to fluoroscopy-guided injections.

Purpose:

To evaluate the accuracy of US-guided magnetic resonance (MR) arthrogram injections of the hip performed in the office setting by a single orthopaedic surgeon and elucidate the potential effects that patient age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) have on contrast placement.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

From a review of the senior author’s office database, 89 patients (101 hips) who had US-guided MR arthrogram injections performed between December 2014 and June 2016 were identified. Official radiology reports were evaluated to determine whether extra-articular contrast was noted. Patient variables, including BMI, age, and sex, were evaluated between patients who had inappropriately placed contrast and those who did not.

Results:

Of the 101 hip injections, there were 6 cases that demonstrated inadequate contrast placement within the joint, likely secondary to extravasation or incorrect placement; however, an MR arthrogram was adequately interpreted in all cases. There were no significant differences noted between those with appropriate versus inappropriate contrast placement when evaluating BMI ( P = .57), age ( P = .33), or sex ( P = .67), and neither group had an adverse event.

Conclusion:

US-guided injections are safe and accurate alternatives to fluoroscopy-guided injections in the office setting, with 94% accuracy. Furthermore, BMI, age, and sex did not play a statistically significant role among patients with inappropriately placed contrast.
Realigning the Master of Public Health (MPH) to Meet the Evolving Needs of the Workforce
Authors: Sullivan Lisa M. , Velez Amanda , Edouard Vanessa Boland , Galea Sandro
Published: December 2017

Graduate public health education is evolving rapidly as a function of complex and interrelated factors including rising student debt, a changing economy and job market, varied perceptions of the value of higher education, and new educational technologies affecting how courses and programs are delivered. At the same time, employers are seeking more highly trained public health professionals across a broader range of industries including, but not limited to, government, health care, pharmaceutical, consulting, and education. We redesigned the Boston University Master of Public Health (BU MPH) curriculum to provide students with integrated foundational knowledge; specialized skills and training in key areas sought after by employers across industries and functions; and activities to build student’s professional capabilities and confidence. The BU MPH, detailed in this article, provides an illustration of an MPH that is interdisciplinary, flexible, and adaptable to meet the changing needs of the workforce.
Growth Effect of Export Promotion on Non-oil Output in Sub-Saharan Africa (1970–2014)
Authors: Tolulope Apanisile Olumuyiwa , Olalekan Okunlola Charles
Published: December 2017

The study examines the growth effect of export promotion strategies on non-oil output in the sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries between 1970 and 2014. The study employed panel data and three estimation techniques (pooled ordinary least square [OLS], fixed effect, and dynamic generalized moment method [GMM]) to analyze the data. In addition, export promotion policies (EPPs) such as commercial bank credit to private sector, foreign direct investment (FDI) to non-oil sector, real effective exchange rate, and government expenditure were used. Results show that all export promotion policy instruments used have a significant effect on non-oil output in SSA. Also, while bank credit to private sector have positive and significant effect, FDI, government expenditure, and exchange rate will crowd out growth effect of export promotion. The study concluded that favorable EPPs will stimulate non-oil output growth.
The People, the Megaliths of Cherrapunjee
Authors: Sharma Sukanya
Published: December 2017

The megaliths of Cherrapunjee are part of a prehistoric cultural tradition which is intricately woven with the sociocultural life of the Khasis and Jaintias. But material changes in the nature of society and the economy in the latter half of the twentieth century have resulted in new identity formations in Cherrapunjee and this has undermined some of the presumed certainties of cultural identity.

The study documents local community attitudes regarding the megaliths and how the community accessed, interacted and used the sites today. A framework for managing archaeological heritage by integrating global and local conservation approaches in Cherrapunjee was developed.
数字化与古文字研究新材料
Authors: 刘志基
Published: December 2017

摘要

由于时代发展带来了文字处理方式的进步，以数字化整理提升材料研究价值的工作必然被提上古文字研究的议事日程，进而造就陈寅恪所谓“一时代之学术”必有之新材料。而此新材料的存在价值，则在解决陈氏所谓 “一时代之学术”必有之新问题。基于对传统古文字资料整理和既有古文字材料数字化得失的评估，可以确定未来以数字化营造古文字研究新材料的若干重点方向，如：补缺传统古文字研究工具系列；瞄准潜在的学术史发展点；破解瓶颈性学术难题。
北美印第安原住民的象形文字（上）：日常使用中的交际功能
Authors: 黄亚平
Published: December 2017

摘要

美洲印第安原住民自古以来就使用各种表达方式表情达意，表达思想和记录事实，其中象形文字是最为印第安原住民普遍使用的表达方式，这种情况至少延续到上个世纪初。印第安原住民使用的象形文字从其使用功能的角度可以大体分成通俗用象形文字和萨满用象形文字。通俗象形文字为部落成员普遍知晓并自如应用于社会生活的各个方面。萨满用象形文字则基本上用在仪式场合中，与祈祷、吟唱、舞蹈、仪式表演等多种形式共生相伴，相互补足，共同服务于仪式上演的需要。总结印第安原住民两类象形文字的使用情况，能够为汉字起源研究提供新的材料和研究思路，进一步夯实和拓宽文字学理论建设的视野。
Ezh2 Mutations Found in the Weaver Overgrowth Syndrome Cause a Partial Loss of H3K27 Histone Methyltransferase Activity
Authors: Lui Julian C , Barnes Kevin M , Dong Lijin , Yue Shanna , Graber Evan , Rapaport Robert , Dauber Andrew , Nilsson Ola , Baron Jeffrey
Published: December 2017

Context

Weaver syndrome is characterized by tall stature, advanced bone age, characteristic facies, and variable intellectual disability. It is caused by heterozygous mutations in enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase responsible for histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27) trimethylation. However, no early truncating mutations have been identified, suggesting that null mutations do not cause Weaver syndrome.

Objective

To test alternative hypotheses that EZH2 variants found in Weaver syndrome cause either a gain of function or a partial loss of function.

Design

Exome sequencing was performed in a boy with tall stature, advanced bone age, and mild dysmorphic features. Mutant or wild-type EZH2 protein was expressed in mouse growth plate chondrocytes with or without endogenous EZH2, and enzymatic activity was measured. A mouse model was generated, and histone methylation was assessed in heterozygous and homozygous embryos.

Results

A de novo missense EZH2 mutation [c.1876G>A (p.Val626Met)] was identified in the proband. When expressed in growth plate chondrocytes, the mutant protein showed decreased histone methyltransferase activity. A mouse model carrying this EZH2 mutation was generated using CRISPR/Cas9. Homozygotes showed perinatal lethality, whereas heterozygotes were viable, fertile, and showed mild overgrowth. Both homozygous and heterozygous embryos showed decreased H3K27 methylation.

Conclusion

We generated a mouse model with the same mutation as our patient, found that it recapitulates the Weaver overgrowth phenotype, and demonstrated that EZH2 mutations found in Weaver syndrome cause a partial loss of function.
Retrospective Review of Universal Preoperative Pregnancy Testing: Results and Perspectives
Authors: Gong Xun , Poterack Karl A.
Published: December 2017

Unrecognized pregnancy in patients presenting for elective surgery is of particular concern due to the potential for significant complications. Accurate and inexpensive urine pregnancy tests are widely available in the developed world. As a result, universal preoperative pregnancy screening is commonly implemented. However, the utility of such routine testing is controversial. We retrospectively studied 8245 immediate presurgery pregnancy tests at Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, and found 11 positive tests of which 6 were false positives. We constructed a census-based approximation for unrecognized pregnancies, which shows significantly low pretest probability in this patient population. Taken together, the utility of immediate universal presurgical pregnancy testing is questionable.
Treatment of Chronic Pain With Various Buprenorphine Formulations: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies
Authors: Aiyer Rohit , Gulati Amitabh , Gungor Semih , Bhatia Anuj , Mehta Neel
Published: December 2017

Clinical studies demonstrate that buprenorphine is a pharmacologic agent that can be used for the treatment of various types of painful conditions. This study investigated the efficacy of 5 different types of buprenorphine formulations in the chronic pain population. The literature was reviewed on PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, clinicaltrials.gov, and PROSPERO that dated from inception until June 30, 2017. Using the population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes method, 25 randomized controlled trials were reviewed involving 5 buprenorphine formulations in patients with chronic pain: intravenous buprenorphine, sublingual buprenorphine, sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone, buccal buprenorphine, and transdermal buprenorphine, with comparators consisting of opioid analgesics or placebo. Of the 25 studies reviewed, a total of 14 studies demonstrated clinically significant benefit with buprenorphine in the management of chronic pain: 1 study out of 6 sublingual and intravenous buprenorphine, the only sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone study, 2 out of 3 studies of buccal buprenorphine, and 10 out of 15 studies for transdermal buprenorphine showed significant reduction in pain against a comparator. No serious adverse effects were reported in any of the studies. We conclude that a transdermal buprenorphine formulation is an effective analgesic in patients with chronic pain, while buccal buprenorphine is also a promising formulation based on the limited number of studies.
Low glucose availability stimulates progesterone production by mouse ovariesin vitro
Authors: Wilsterman Kathryn , Pepper Aimee , Bentley George E.
Published: December 2017

Steroid production by the ovary is primarily stimulated by gonadotropins but can also be affected by biological cues that provide information about energy status and environmental stress. To further understand which metabolic cues the ovary can respond to, we exposed gonadotropin-stimulated mouse ovaries in vitro to glucose metabolism inhibitors and measured steroid accumulation in media. Gonadotropin-stimulated ovaries exposed to 2-deoxy-D-glucose increased progesterone production and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein mRNA levels. However, oocytes and granulosa cells in antral follicles must not independently mediate this response, because targeted treatment of these cell types with a different inhibitor of glucose metabolism (bromopyruvic acid) did not affect progesterone production. Elevating progesterone production is consistent with the homeostatic role of progesterone in glucose regulation in mammals. It also may regulate follicle growth and/or atresia within the ovary. These results suggest that ovaries can regulate glucose homeostasis in addition to their primary role in reproductive activity.
Can circulating tumor DNA be used for direct and early stage cancer detection?
Authors: Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Fiala Clare
Published: December 2017

In the August 16th issue of Science Translational Medicine, Phallen et al propose a method for early cancer diagnosis by using circulating tumor DNA (1). One major advance of this paper includes optimized sequencing of cell-free/circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) without knowledge of tumor mutations. Evaluation of 200 patients with colorectal, breast, lung and ovarian cancer revealed mutations in ctDNA in approx. 60-70% of all patients, including stage 1 and stage 2 disease. If this data can be reproduced in asymptomatic individuals, they will likely have a major impact on early cancer detection and patient outcomes. In this commentary, we examine the feasibility of this approach for detecting small, asymptomatic tumors, based on previously published empirical data.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF DRAW BEAD COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION
Authors: Trzepiecinski Tomasz , Fejkiel Romuald , Kubit Andrzej
Published: December 2017

In this paper the results of both friction coefficient and springback testing using a drawbead test are presented. Deep drawing quality steel sheet (DC04 according to EN 10130:2009 standard) was used as the test material. The experimental investigations were carried out using a special device that allows a change in the degree of deformation of the sheet metal on the drawbead. The friction tests were carried out for different values of tool surface roughness, specimen widths and degrees of sheet deformation. Three lubrication conditions were analysed: dry friction, machine oil lubrication and lubrication using methacrylic resin. The springback values were determined based on digital image analysis for selected friction conditions. It was found that the effectiveness of reducing the value of the friction coefficient during the pulling of a sheet on the drawbead depends not only on the lubricant used, but also on the degree of sheet deformation (displacement of the middle roll). The sheet widths influence the friction coefficient value through the character of sheet deformation during the pulling of the sheet through the drawbead.
Contents
Authors: AMS Editorial
Published: December 2017

Research papers
Trends in Plant Available Soil Water on Producer Fields of Western Kansas
Authors: Lamm Freddie R. , Rogers Danny H. , Schlegel Alan J. , Lin Xiaomao , Aiken Robert M. , Klocke Norm L. , Stone Loyd R. , Shaw L. Kent
Published: December 2017

Abstract.

Residual soil water after harvest and prior to planting was measured to a depth of 2.4 m with neutron attenuation techniques for approximately 45 irrigated corn and 45 dryland wheat fields annually from 2010 through 2012 in the western one-third of Kansas. The sampling locations were in three-county transects in northwest, west central and southwest Kansas with generally five fields for each crop type for each county. Residual plant available soil water (PASW) in corn fields was generally much greater than in wheat fields (150%-160% greater) for any given sampling period illustrating the residual influence of irrigation. Although weather conditions varied between regions and years there was not a strong effect on PASW in irrigated corn fields but there was an effect in dryland wheat fields. Annual differences in fall irrigated corn PASW for the 21 individual fields that were available for sampling in all three years varied less than 50 mm/2.4 m soil profile implying considerable stability in an individual producer’s response (irrigation management and irrigation system capacity) to changing weather conditions as evidenced by the similar year-to-year PASW values. Drought conditions existed for much of the total period (fall 2010 through fall 2012) in southwest Kansas, yet the irrigated corn PASW was still relatively high (PASW value at approximately 62% of water stored at field capacity in a 2.4 m profile). So, the presence of drought may not be a good indicator of the amounts of residual soil water producers are leaving after irrigated corn harvest. Although differences in irrigated corn PASW varied greatly among producers (183% to 722% within a region), there were much smaller differences between regions and years with a variation from 8% to 22%. Irrigation system capacity (flowrate/area) had very little effect on residual fall PASW in the corn fields possibly indicating that producers with deficit capacity are pumping earlier and later into the season to help mitigate their lower irrigation capacity. Irrigated corn grain yields began to plateau when PASW reached a value of approximately 200 mm/2.4 m profile which would represent a water storage of approximately 56% of field capacity. The residual PASW in irrigated corn fields decreased about 1 mm for each 2 mm decrease in irrigation and cropping season precipitation illustrating the difficulties that can arise in managing for a target residual PASW. These results suggest that producers should be scheduling irrigation with science-based methods, rather than habits and previous experiences. Keywords: Corn, Field capacity, Soil moisture content, Soil water, Volumetric water content, Wheat.
Knowledge brokers or relationship brokers? The role of an embedded knowledge mobilisation team
Authors: Wye Lesley , Cramer Helen , Carey Jude , Anthwal Rachel , Rooney James , Robinson Rebecca , Beckett Kate , Farr Michelle , le May Andrée , Baxter Helen
Published: December 2017

Aim:

Policymaking decisions are often uninformed by research and research is rarely influenced by policymakers. To bridge this ‘know-do’ gap, a boundary-spanning knowledge mobilisation (KM) team was created by embedding researchers-in-residence and local policymakers into each other’s organisations. Through increasing the two-way flow of knowledge via social contact, KM team members fostered collaborations and the sharing of ‘mindlines’, aiming to generate more relevant research bids and research-informed decision-making. This paper describes the activities of the KM team, types of knowledge and how that knowledge was exchanged to influence mindlines.

Discussion:

KM team activities were classified into: relational, dissemination, transferable skills, evaluation, research and awareness raising. Knowledge available included: profession-specific (for example, research methods, healthcare landscape), insider (for example, relational, organisation and experiential) and KM theory and practice. KM team members brokered relationships through conversations interweaving different types of knowledge, particularly organisational and relational. Academics were interested in policymakers’ knowledge of healthcare policy and the commissioning landscape. More than research results, policymakers valued researchers’ methodological knowledge. Both groups appreciated each other as ‘critical friends’.

Conclusion:

To increase research impact, ‘expertise into practice’ could be leveraged, specifically researchers’ critical thinking and research methodology skills. As policymakers’ expertise into practice also bridges the know-do gap, future impact models could focus less on evidence into practice and more on fostering this mutual flow of expertise. Embedded knowledge brokers from the two communities working in teams can influence the mindlines of both. These ambassadors can create improvements in ‘inter-cultural competence’ to draw academia and policymaking closer.
Moon: A sensuous scholarship of the art of costume breakdown in film
Authors: Parry Harriet
Published: December 2017

Cloth has a particular relationship with the human body. It is always in contact with, or imagined to be in contact with, the skin, our largest sense organ. Cloth is our interface with the outside world, and the way in which we cover that interface has meaning. The important relationship that we have with cloth to protect and augment our bodies performs as a prosthesis of touch that, in its everydayness, offers a constant opportunity for expression and fetishization within the various discourses of identity in art, fashion and lifestyle. This article aims to explore the way in which cloth as costume in the medium of film, having been ‘broken down’ to naturalize the piece to its setting, stimulates an embodied relationship between the audience, the actor and the film itself. Following Laura Marks and her theories on visual haptics, the piece is a sensuous scholarship of an-often overlooked and under-researched textile art whose effect, the article argues, is that of reinstating the ‘aura’ that Walter Benjamin stated is lost by the mechanical intervention of the movie camera.
Designing a system for Online Orchestra: Microphone evaluation and cost-benefit analysis
Authors: Geelhoed Erik , Prior David , Rofe Michael
Published: December 2017

Online Orchestra is a telematic performance project that aimed to enable young and amateur musicians to make music online. Part of the aim of the project was to assess the extent to which specialist equipment is needed in order to enable a high-quality musical experience in a telematic environment. This article reports a microphone evaluation study in which untrained participants were asked to assess ten characteristics of quality in five samples, each recorded using different microphone configurations. Results show that participants rated DPA VO4099 clip-on microphones best, but that a stereo pair of Sure SM57s – which are over ten times cheaper – was rated a close second. Multidimensional scaling also shows that SM57s had the highest similarity to all other microphone configurations, suggesting they are a good alternative to costlier solutions.
Pillflower World – an app in development
Authors: Heller Lynne
Published: December 2017

This visual essay introduces and describes an IOS app that is currently in development. The app is based on an ongoing project Pillflowers (2004–present), an aesthetic response to the prevalent use of pharmaceuticals in North American society. Pills and tablets make up the petals of flowers that create 200 mandala-like designs. The essay details the five functions of the app that are either created or in process – grow, gather, play, dream and gift. An analysis and associated images for each function round out the text.
On locally essentially bounded divergence measure fields and sets of locally finite perimeter
Authors: Comi Giovanni E. , Payne Kevin R.
Published: December 2017

Chen, Torres and Ziemer ([9], 2009) proved the validity of generalized Gauss–Green formulas and obtained the existence of interior and exterior normal traces for essentially bounded divergence measure fields on sets of finite perimeter using an approximation theory through sets with a smooth boundary. However, it is known that the proof of a crucial approximation lemma contained a gap. Taking inspiration from a previous work of Chen and Torres ([7], 2005) and exploiting ideas of Vol’pert ([29], 1985) for essentially bounded fields with components of bounded variation, we present here a direct proof of generalized Gauss–Green formulas for essentially bounded divergence measure fields on sets of finite perimeter which includes the existence and essential boundedness of the normal traces. Our approach appears to be simpler since it does not require any special approximation theory for the domains and it relies only on the Leibniz rule for divergence measure fields. This freedom allows one to localize the constructions and to derive more general statements in a natural way.
Quantization of energy and weakly turbulent profiles of solutions to some damped second-order evolution equations
Authors: Ghisi Marina , Gobbino Massimo , Haraux Alain
Published: December 2017

We consider a second-order equation with a linear “elastic” part and a nonlinear damping term depending on a power of the norm of the velocity.
We investigate the asymptotic behavior of solutions, after rescaling them suitably in order to take into account the decay rate and bound their energy away from zero.
We find a rather unexpected dichotomy phenomenon.
Solutions with finitely many Fourier components are asymptotic to solutions of the linearized equation without damping and exhibit some sort of equipartition of the total energy among the components.
Solutions with infinitely many Fourier components tend to zero weakly but not strongly.
We show also that the limit of the energy of the solutions depends only on the number of their Fourier components.
The proof of our results is inspired by the analysis of a simplified model, which we devise through an averaging procedure, and whose solutions exhibit the same asymptotic properties as the solutions to the original equation.
Monte Carlo Analysis of the Battery-Type High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor
Authors: Grodzki Marcin , Darnowski Piotr , Niewiński Grzegorz
Published: December 2017

The paper presents a neutronic analysis of the battery-type 20 MWth high-temperature gas cooled reactor. The developed reactor model is based on the publicly available data being an ‘early design’ variant of the U-battery. The investigated core is a battery type small modular reactor, graphite moderated, uranium fueled, prismatic, helium cooled high-temperature gas cooled reactor with graphite reflector. The two core alternative designs were investigated. The first has a central reflector and 30×4 prismatic fuel blocks and the second has no central reflector and 37×4 blocks. The SERPENT Monte Carlo reactor physics computer code, with ENDF and JEFF nuclear data libraries, was applied. Several nuclear design static criticality calculations were performed and compared with available reference results. The analysis covered the single assembly models and full core simulations for two geometry models: homogenous and heterogenous (explicit). A sensitivity analysis of the reflector graphite density was performed. An acceptable agreement between calculations and reference design was obtained. All calculations were performed for the fresh core state.