bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wrestling with Wickedness
Authors: Hartman Laura
Published: February 2017

I question the formulation of complex problems as “wicked,” brainstorming other, more fruitful alternatives to this terminology. Such problems are typically contrasted with “tame” problems; the literature charges that one should not treat a problem as “tame” when it is “wicked.” Given this, I question both the individualistic consumer approach to climate change and a typical approach from the field of religion and ecology, which may only focus on worldview transformation. Both of these are too “tame” to solve climate change. I argue that the problem of climate change should be seen as “wild.” Scholars of religion do have helpful resources to address such mammoth imbroglios, but we must nevertheless honor the problem’s wildness.
Aristotle and Hippocrates in the Book of Jubilees
Authors: Strong Justin David
Published: February 2017

This article explores undetected Greco-Roman backgrounds to three texts in Jubilees: the map of the world (8:10-12, 29-30), the introduction of Jacob and Esau (19:13-15), and Esau’s speech and its aftermath (37:18-38:3). The presence of Greco-Roman physiognomy and ethnography in these texts yields insight into the author’s purpose for including Esau’s otherwise unattested speech, his changes to the base text of the Jacob and Esau narratives, and the function of the map of the world. External to the text proper, the results are significant for uncovering the author’s understanding of the Judeans and Idumeans in his own time and is suggestive for the debate concerning whether Jubilees is polemicizing within a sectarian Jewish context or against external powers. These backgrounds are also significant in the broader discourse concerning how the author of Jubilees, among other late-Second Temple Jewish authors, navigates his relationship with contemporary Hellenistic frameworks.
Indexation of Mahr (Dower): A Precursor of the Law of Inflation in Iran
Authors: Ansari-pour M.A.
Published: February 2017

One legal issue that has not been clarified properly by Muslim jurists is whether the creditor can claim the rate of inflation from the debtor, especially when the economy is suffering from a high inflation rate. One area where the issue of inflation was taken seriously was the payment of dower (mahr) fixed in Iranian money. Generally speaking, there was no clear ruling in the law allowing women to claim more than the face value of their dower, while the purchasing power of Iranian money had dropped steeply in comparison with the date of marriage. In order to tackle this problem, Parliament passed a very important law in 1997 (reiterated in 2013), that provides for the indexation of dower. This article deals with the indexation of money-dower and the way it is assessed under Iranian law. This law is the foundation of the law of inflation in Iran.
Lectotypification of Lophopogon kingii (Poaceae, Andropogoneae)
Authors: TIWARI ARJUN PRASAD , GAVADE SANDIP , MUJAFFAR SHAIKH
Published: February 2017

The genus Lophopogon Hackel (1887: 26) is endemic to India (Singh et al. 2015) and consist of two species: L. tridentatus (Roxburgh 1820: 261) Hackel in Candolle & Candolle (1889: 26) and L. kingii Hooker (1896: 149). The latter species is known from the type locality in Monghyr district of Bihar state and recently recorded from Satkosia Tiger Reserve in Odisha state (Chandramohan et al. 2016). During the taxonomic study of L. kingii Hook.f., the name resulted not yet typified.
Lectotypification and note on the status of Lagerstroemia intermedia (Lythraceae)
Authors: DEEPU S. , PANDURANGAN A. G.
Published: February 2017

The lectotypification of Lagerstroemia intermedia is discussed, and its new status as a subspecies under L. speciosa is proposed.
New species of Eugenia (Myrtaceae) from São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: MAZINE FIORELLA F. , MEIRELES LEONARDO DIAS , SOBRAL MARCOS , VALDEMARIN KARINNE SAMPAIO
Published: February 2017

Three species of Eugenia from São Paulo state’s Atlantic forest are described, illustrated, compared with related species and commented in their conservation issues: Eugenia binata, from Ilhabela, is close to Eugenia lomeroensis, from which can be distinguished by larger leaf blades, larger flower buds, and densely pubescent ovary; Eugenia pithecocephala, from Peruíbe, is close to Eugenia grandissima, from which can be distinguished by the smaller leaves and costate fruits with five seeds; and Eugenia sulcatifolia, from Ubatuba, is close to Eugenia umbrosa, from which can be distinguished by the broader leaf blades, obovate bracteoles and slightly costate ovary.
A Normative Assessment of 2016 Political Convention Speech Exposure: Perceived Political Threats and Anticipated General Election Legitimacy
Authors: Holbert R. Lance , Hardy Bruce W. , LaMarre Heather L.
Published: February 2017

Political party conventions, rivaled only by general election debates, are media events that can affect democratic processes through their ability to reach a wide audience. Conventions hold a unique place in the American electoral system by serving as a pivot point between the nation’s primary and general election phases. From a normative perspective, the current study focuses on the degree to which consuming major political party convention speeches mitigates negative perceptions generated from the primaries on what citizens are anticipating for the general election. A national pre–post conventions panel survey of U.S. adults ( N = 562) is utilized to address five hypotheses. The consumption of more convention speeches reduces the negative impact of perceived primary election threat on the anticipated legitimacy of the general election (i.e., positive normative effect), but also increases threat ambivalence associated with the conventions (i.e., negative normative effect). In addition, convention speech exposure generates a strong, positive direct effect on perceived general election legitimacy (i.e., positive normative effect). When judged from the standpoint of republicanism as a type of democratic theory, the positive influences of convention speech exposure outweigh this activity’s negative effects.
Public Sector Performance in the Nigerian Downstream Oil Sector: A Critical Reflection
Authors: Akinola Adeoye O , Wissink Henry
Published: February 2017

Despite successive attempts to effectively manage Nigeria’s downstream oil sector by strengthening the country’s institutional capacity, the Nigerian public institutions remain ineffective, inefficient, wasteful, incapacitated, inept, unprofessional and uninspired to drive the reform in the downstream oil sector. Public institutions have failed to successively oversee management of the downstream oil sector. This paper draws on the new public management theory and unstructured interviews to assess the role of public institutions in the distribution and marketing segments of the oil sector. It concludes that poor public sector performance is responsible for the crisis in the oil industry that led to subsidy cuts and efforts to deregulate the downstream oil sector.
“A Spirit of Bolshevism?”: Perth’s Water Crisis of the 1920s
Authors: Gregory Jenny
Published: February 2017

The early 1920s were a pivotal period in Perth’s water history, marked by conflict over the inadequacies of the city’s water supply. Only a small area of the city had reticulated water; most people relied on wells or rainwater tanks. Water shortages, particularly in new suburbs and higher districts, prompted the Western Australian Government to impose water restrictions. The press, local government authorities, and opposition politicians took the government to task, and officials and householders protested at public meetings. This article analyzes the causes of water shortages, the level of protest, tensions over the governance of the water supply, and the response of the state government. As on America’s west coast in the same period, government decision making was often influenced by rural needs, but the role played by urban householders, with the support of the press and opposition politicians, was paramount in shaping new water supply systems for city dwellers.
Authoritarianism, Institutional Confidence, and Willingness to Engage in Collective Action
Authors: Weiner Elliot , Federico Christopher M.
Published: February 2017

The antecedents of collective action have received considerable attention in psychology, political science, and sociology. However, few studies have addressed the extent to which individual differences in psychological needs, motives, and traits predict collective action tendencies. In the present study, we focus on an especially important individual difference: authoritarianism. We examined three key hypotheses: (1) that authoritarianism would be associated with lower willingness to engage in collective action (net of other factors known to predict protest), (2) that the negative relationship between authoritarianism and collective action would be stronger among the politically engaged; and (3) that the negative relationship between authoritarianism and collective action would be weaker among those who lacked confidence in major social institutions. Using data from three independent waves of the World Values Survey, we find cross-national evidence supporting all three hypotheses.
Social Identification in Sports Teams
Authors: Thomas William E. , Brown Rupert , Easterbrook Matthew J. , Vignoles Vivian L. , Manzi Claudia , D’Angelo Chiara , Holt Jeremy J.
Published: February 2017

Based on motivated identity construction theory (MICT; Vignoles, 2011), we offer an integrative approach examining the combined roles of six identity motives (self-esteem, distinctiveness, belonging, meaning, continuity, and efficacy) instantiated at three different motivational levels (personal, social, and collective identity) as predictors of group identification. These identity processes were investigated among 369 members of 45 sports teams from England and Italy in a longitudinal study over 6 months with four time points. Multilevel change modeling and cross-lagged analyses showed that satisfaction of four personal identity motives (individuals’ personal feelings of self-esteem, distinctiveness, meaning, and efficacy derived from team membership), three social identity motives (individuals’ feelings that the team identity carries a sense of belonging, meaning, and continuity), and one collective identity motive (a shared belief in group distinctiveness) significantly predicted group identification. Motivational processes underlying group identification are complex, multilayered, and not reducible to personal needs.
The Process of Disengagement From Personal Goals
Authors: Ghassemi Mirjam , Bernecker Katharina , Herrmann Marcel , Brandstätter Veronika
Published: February 2017

To date, it is not well understood how individuals disengage from goals. A recent approach suggests that disengagement is often preceded by an action crisis, a motivational conflict in which the individual is torn between holding on to and letting go of a personal goal. We postulate that a dynamic interplay between the experience of action crisis and appraisals of goal desirability and attainability shapes the disengagement process from personal goals. In two longitudinal studies ( N = 364), an action crisis in the goal to complete a university degree predicted devaluations of its desirability and attainability, and reversely, low goal attainability (but not desirability) predicted an increase in action crisis. Moreover, studies provided first evidence that devaluing goal desirability might be functional for well-being in an action crisis. Studies strengthen the view that disengagement is shaped by reciprocal processes between the experience of action crisis and changes in goal appraisal.
The Shadows of the Past
Authors: Schori-Eyal Noa , Klar Yechiel , Roccas Sonia , McNeill Andrew
Published: February 2017

We examined associations between two orientations based on historical group trauma, a form of enduring group victimhood (Perpetual Ingroup Victimhood Orientation [PIVO]) and the belief that one’s group might itself become a victimizer (Fear of Victimizing [FOV]), and attitudes, cognitions, and emotions related to intergroup conflicts. PIVO was positively and FOV was negatively related to aggressive attitudes and emotions toward the outgroup (Studies 1a-1c, Israeli–Palestinian conflict), and to the attribution of responsibility for a series of hostilities to the outgroup (Study 3, Israeli–Palestinian conflict). PIVO was negatively and FOV positively related to support for forgiveness and reconciliation (Study 2, Northern Ireland conflict). In Experimental Study 4, FOV predicted greater accuracy in remembering harm, regardless of victims’ group identity, whereas PIVO was associated with reduced accuracy only when victims were Palestinians (outgroup members). Taken together, these findings indicate that both orientations have a significant impact on intergroup conflicts and their resolution.
Advanced Academic Participation
Authors: Kettler Todd , Hurst Luke T.
Published: February 2017

Participation in advanced academic programs such as Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) has been associated with higher student achievement and college readiness. In addition, AP and IB are widely recommended and implemented as services for gifted and talented students. Students who participate in these programs tend to be more successful in college admissions, scholarships, college grade point averages, and college completion rates. Black and Hispanic students do not generally participate in AP and IB programs at the same rate as same-school White students, leaving White students to benefit disproportionately in the transition from high school to college. This study analyzed ethnicity gaps in AP and IB programs longitudinally from 2001 to 2011 in 117 suburban high schools. Results indicated that AP/IB participation increased for all students over time ( d = 0.74). There were ethnicity gaps in 2001 and again in 2011 between Black and Hispanic student AP/IB participation and White student AP/IB participation, and the gaps neither increased nor decreased substantially over time. This study also examined school factors associated with AP/IB ethnicity gaps and found that overall schoolwide college readiness and the proportion of minority faculty at each school were moderately associated with changes in the magnitude of the gaps. Teacher experience and changing student demographics in schools showed little to no association with changes in the magnitude of the ethnicity gaps.
Occupational/Career Decision-Making Thought Processes of Adolescents of High Intellectual Ability
Authors: Jung Jae Yup
Published: February 2017

Three competing models of the career decision-making thought processes of adolescents of high intellectual ability were tested in this study. Survey data were collected from 664 intellectually gifted Australian adolescents and analyzed using structural equation modeling procedures. The finally accepted, optimal model suggested that, regardless of cultural orientation, highly able adolescents may place importance on whether a future career will be interesting or enjoyable, which is a probable predictor of their attitudes toward careers and their eventual intentions to pursue particular careers. In addition, the model indicated that those careers considered interesting or enjoyable by intellectually gifted adolescents may also be intellectually stimulating.
Got ’em on a string: The skills, knowledge and attributes of group string teachers in Queensland
Authors: Ashton Graham R. , Klopper Christopher J.
Published: February 2017

There appear to be considerable differences in the outcomes of group string teaching programs in Queensland. Some teachers appear to be able to generate, manage, and administrate highly efficacious programs; others seem to experience difficulty transferring the knowledge and skills required for students to become successful string players. As a case study with multiple participants, this investigation set out to document the reflections of mid-career group string teachers, observe the outcomes of their programs and teaching methods, and establish a preliminary collective profile of skills, knowledge, and attributes. Key findings include a high degree of overlap in the participant profiles, and the potential for further research into undergraduate training and post-tertiary supervision of group string teachers entering the workforce. Implications of the study include the need to appraise current undergraduate programs preparing group instrumental teachers in Australia, and the necessity for developing strategies to mentor these graduates in their early teaching years.
Path- and place-dependence of entrepreneurial ventures at times of war and conflict
Authors: Cheung Cherry Wun Mei , Kwong Caleb
Published: February 2017

Studies have previously examined the path-development of entrepreneurs within a penurious environment, but what if their path encounters a conflict situation? Does conflict engender greater resource poverty and subsequently msqueeze out any remaining life from entrepreneurism? Utilising Isaksen’s characterisation of path-dependence, we examine how entrepreneurs negotiate their path through the ‘double whammy’ of penurious environment and conflict. Through an event-based approach examining the entrepreneurial paths of three wartime entrepreneurs, our study indicates that while the immediate aftermath is chaos leading to limited path-extension and even path-exhaustion, once initial challenges are addressed, entrepreneurial individuals find different ways to adapt, not only through path-extension but also through path-renewal and path-creation. These opportunities are place-dependent, the recognition of which requires considerable local knowledge and resources acquired through experience and prior local investment as well as interdependent networks.
Psychological Distress and the Use of Clinical Preventive Services by Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Lin Szu-Hsuan , Adepoju Omolola E. , Kash Bita A. , DeSalvo Bethany , McMaughan Darcy K.
Published: February 2017

In this study, we explored whether psychological distress plays a role in the use of recommended clinical preventive services among community-dwelling older adults. The sample is drawn from respondents 65 years and older who participated in the 2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Logistic regressions with selected covariates were entered in the model to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the independent effect of psychological distress on the utilization of each of five preventive services. With the exception of breast cancer screening where the uptake of preventive services was significantly lower for older adults with psychological distress (OR = 0.57, p < .001), uptake of other key preventive measures revealed no significant utilization differences between older adults with and without psychological distress. The results suggest that adherence to breast cancer screening guidelines may be increased by improving recognition and treatment of emotional health problems in older women.
An integer programming approach to a real-world recyclable waste collection problem in Argentina
Authors: Braier Gustavo , Durán Guillermo , Marenco Javier , Wesner Francisco
Published: February 2017

This article reports on the use of mathematical programming techniques to optimise the routes of a recyclable waste collection system servicing Morón, a large municipality outside Buenos Aires, Argentina. The truck routing problem posed by the system is a particular case of the generalised directed open rural postman problem. An integer programming model is developed with a solving procedure built around a subtour-merging algorithm and the addition of subtour elimination constraints. The route solutions generated by the proposed methodology perform significantly better than the previously used, manually designed routes, the main improvement being that coverage of blocks within the municipality with the model solutions is 100% by construction, whereas with the manual routes as much as 16% of the blocks went unserviced. The model-generated routes were adopted by the municipality in 2014 and the national government is planning to introduce the methodology elsewhere in the country.
Employee Fit and Job Satisfaction in Bureaucratic and Entrepreneurial Work Environments
Authors: Langer Julie , Feeney Mary K. , Lee Sang Eun
Published: February 2017

Job satisfaction has long proved an elusive construct in public management research. Typically, research investigating job satisfaction in the public sector has emphasized a direct link between work environment and individual attitudes. But, some argue that the interaction between work environment and employee attitudes is a more accurate starting point for understanding satisfaction. This analysis investigates the effect that bureaucratic and entrepreneurial work environments have on job satisfaction when employee–organization value congruence is introduced as a mediating factor. The results indicate that job satisfaction has a direct negative relationship with centralized work environments and an indirect positive relationship with entrepreneurial ones, and thus highlight a more complex relationship between work environment and job satisfaction than previously thought. While some environmental reforms may directly influence satisfaction, these findings indicate that value congruence is an important individual-level mechanism that can transform the relationship between the external environment and individual attitudes at work.
Stories That Heal: Understanding the Effects of Creating Digital Stories With Pediatric and Adolescent/Young Adult Oncology Patients
Authors: Laing Catherine M. , Moules Nancy J. , Estefan Andrew , Lang Mike
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this philosophical hermeneutic study was to determine if, and understand how, digital stories might be effective therapeutic tools to use with children and adolescents/young adults (AYA) with cancer, thus helping mitigate suffering. Sixteen participants made digital stories with the help of a research assistant trained in digital storytelling and were interviewed following the completion of their stories. Findings from this research revealed that digital stories were a way to have others understand their experiences of cancer, allowed for further healing from their sometimes traumatic experiences, had unexpected therapeutic effects, and were a way to reconcile past experiences with current life. Digital stories, we conclude, show great promise with the pediatric and AYA oncology community and we believe are a way in which the psychosocial effects of cancer treatment may be addressed. Recommendations for incorporating digital stories into clinical practice and follow-up programs are offered.
“She Was a Little Social Butterfly”: A Qualitative Analysis of Parent Perception of Social Functioning in Adolescent and Young Adult Brain Tumor Survivors
Authors: Wilford Justin , Buchbinder David , Fortier Michelle A. , Osann Kathryn , Shen Violet , Torno Lilibeth , Sender Leonard S. , Parsons Susan K. , Wenzel Lari
Published: February 2017

Psychosocial sequelae of diagnosis and treatment for childhood brain tumor survivors are significant, yet little is known about their impact on adolescent and young adult (AYA) brain tumor survivors. Interviews were conducted with parents of AYA brain tumor survivors with a focus on social functioning. Semistructured interviews were conducted with English- and Spanish-speaking parents of AYA brain tumor survivors ≥10 years of age who were >2 years postdiagnosis, and analyzed using emergent themes theoretically integrated with a social neuroscience model of social competence. Twenty parents representing 19 survivors with a survivor mean age 15.7 ± 3.3 years and 10.1 ± 4.8 years postdiagnosis were interviewed. Several themes relevant to the social neuroscience social competence model emerged. First, parents’ perceptions of their children’s impaired social functioning corroborated the model, particularly with regard to poor social adjustment, social withdrawal, impaired social information processing, and developmentally inappropriate peer communication. Second, ongoing physical and emotional sequelae of central nervous system insults were seen by parents as adversely affecting social functioning among survivors. Third, a disrupted family environment and ongoing parent psychosocial distress were experienced as salient features of daily life. We document that the aforementioned framework is useful for understanding the social impact of diagnosis and treatment on AYA brain tumor survivorship. Moreover, the framework highlights areas of intervention that may enhance social functioning for AYA brain tumor survivors.
Pimavanserin: A Novel Antipsychotic for Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis
Authors: Bozymski Kevin M. , Lowe Denise K. , Pasternak Kiersten M. , Gatesman Travis L. , Crouse Ericka L.
Published: February 2017

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and place in therapy of pimavanserin for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions of Parkinson’s disease psychosis (PDP). Data Sources: A comprehensive PubMed search (1966 to January 2017) was conducted using the search terms Parkinson’s disease psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, pimavanserin, and ACP-103. Additional data were obtained from references of identified articles, governmental sources, manufacturer product labeling and website, and Clinicaltrials.gov. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language trials evaluating pimavanserin in PDP were included. Data from review articles were included if relevant to clinical practice. One phase II and 3 phase III trials are discussed. Data Synthesis: Pimavanserin was approved in April 2016 for the treatment of delusions and hallucinations of PDP. One phase II and 2 phase III trials reported no difference for primary outcomes when pimavanserin was compared with placebo. The pivotal phase III ACP-103-020 trial adapted a scale to target more specific symptoms prevalent in PDP and showed that least-squares mean differences of the total PD-adapted Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms score were significantly improved for pimavanserin-treated patients as compared with placebo-treated patients (difference = −3.06; 95% CI [−4.91 to −1.20]; P = 0.0014]). Pimavanserin’s adverse effect profile includes urinary tract infections, falls, peripheral edema, hallucinations, confusion, nausea, and headaches. Conclusion: Pimavanserin is a novel 5-HT2A inverse agonist that has shown promising results for managing hallucinations and delusions in patients with PDP without worsening motor effects or orthostasis. Yet its high cost and specialty pharmacy access may limit use in clinical practice.
Continuous Infusion Ketorolac for Postoperative Analgesia Following Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Schwinghammer Amy J. , Isaacs Alex N. , Benner Rodney W. , Freeman Heather , O’Sullivan Jacob A. , Nisly Sarah A.
Published: February 2017

Background: Previous clinical trials have demonstrated benefit with the addition of continuous infusion (CI) ketorolac to a multimodal pain regimen in surgical patients. Data following major orthopedic surgery are minimal and conflicting. Objectives: To evaluate CI ketorolac use following unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) through assessment of patient-reported pain scores, opioid consumption, and safety outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective, open-label cohort study that included patients undergoing unilateral TKA at a single-center teaching hospital. Participants were categorized into 2 study groups based on postoperative management: CI ketorolac or opioid protocol (OP). The first group received a ketorolac 30-mg bolus followed by CI 3.6 mg/h plus as-needed (PRN) opioids. The OP group received PRN narcotics in a tiered protocol. The primary end point was comparison of median pain scores. Secondary end points included opioid consumption (morphine equivalent units [MEUs]) in the first 48 hours postoperatively, length of stay, and adverse effects. Results: Of 447 patients screened, 191 were analyzed (CI ketorolac, n = 116; OP, n = 75). Median pain scores were significantly lower in the CI ketorolac group at 48 hours postoperatively (3 [2-4] vs 3.5 [2.5-5], P = 0.033). Cumulative MEUs at 48 hours were significantly lower in the CI ketorolac group (33.9 ± 38.5 mg vs 301.6 ± 36.6 mg, P < 0.001). Patients in the CI ketorolac group experienced less respiratory depression (5.2% vs 25.3%, P < 0.001) and less naloxone administration (0% vs 8%, P = 0.002) compared with the OP group. Other adverse effects were similar among groups. Conclusions: Postoperative CI ketorolac improved pain control while reducing opioid consumption and adverse effects.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Examine the Posttreatment Efficacy of Neurofeedback, Behavior Therapy, and Pharmacology on ADHD Measures
Authors: Moreno-García Inmaculada , Meneres-Sancho Susana , Camacho-Vara de Rey Carlos , Servera Mateu
Published: February 2017

Objective: To examine the efficacy of neurofeedback (NF), behavior therapy (BT), and pharmacology (PH) on the improvement of ADHD-related symptoms. Method: Fifty-nine children with ADHD ( M = 8.80 years, SD = 1.92 years) were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments in a pre/post assessment design. Mother- and teacher-rated ADHD scales and children were assessed using The Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT). Results: The three treatments were effective on the IVA/CPT, but with different trends. BT and especially NF achieved improvement on response control and attention, and PH mainly in visual attention. On the rating scales, BT improved all measures, and NF and PH had a minor but interesting influence. Conclusion: From a global perspective, behavior therapy had the most extensive results, but PH had the greatest capacity to improve overall attention. NF was able to improve both control response and inattention. Clinical implications are discussed.
Conversations with otherness: Violence and womanhood in narratives of women imprisoned for violent crimes
Authors: Venäläinen Satu
Published: February 2017

Widely circulated cultural conceptions about women who have committed violence recurrently place them in positions of otherness in relation to what is considered as being normal, valuable womanhood. This article explores ways in which Finnish women imprisoned for violent crimes grapple with this troubled relation between womanhood and violence in their enactments of gendered identities. The analysis is based on a novel, discursive-affective approach to positioning that can accommodate complexity and context-specific variability in enactments of identities. Four different, recurring modes of positioning are discussed in the analysis: aligning with forcefulness, aligning with vulnerability, (dis)-aligning with demonization and aligning with motherhood. By shedding light not only on the complexity and fluidity of these gendered identity enactments but also on their affectively ambivalent dimensions, the analysis contributes to attempts at countering reductionist views about women who have committed violence and the gendered dichotomizations that they work to reproduce.
Think beyond contact: Reformulating imagined intergroup contact theory by adding friendship potential
Authors: Bagci S. Cigdem , Piyale Z. Ecem , Bircek N. Isik , Ebcim E.
Published: February 2017

Three experiments were conducted to test whether an imagined contact scenario with friendship potential would be more effective than the standard imagined contact scenario in changing Turkish participants’ attitudes and behaviors towards Syrian refugees. Experiment 1 ( N = 99) showed that adding a specific friendship indicator to the contact scenario (intimacy or interaction) increased the effectiveness of the typical positive contact strategy on outgroup trust. Experiment 2 ( N = 145) demonstrated that imagining a positive contact scenario which included both intimacy and interaction elements simultaneously was more effective than the standard imagined contact scenario in increasing outgroup trust and behavioral intentions. Experiment 3 ( N = 79) demonstrated that simply adding an explicit statement about the potential of forming a cross-group friendship improved the effectiveness of the imagined contact paradigm on attitudes, trust, behavioral intentions, and perceived threat. Theoretical and practical implications of findings for the development of imagined contact interventions are discussed.
Changed priorities ahead: Journalists’ shifting role perceptions when covering public health crises
Authors: Klemm Celine , Das Enny , Hartmann Tilo
Published: February 2017

Journalistic role perceptions have been extensively studied in general contexts, but little is known as to how roles – or role prioritization – may shift across contexts, and professional characteristics. The aim of this study was gaining an understanding of journalists’ changing role perceptions in health crisis coverage, and moreover to examine potential differences between general and specialist reporters. We conducted 22 in-depth interviews with reporters with experience in health crisis reporting in Germany and Finland. Findings suggest that journalists’ roles shift when covering health crises (versus non-crises), towards a role as public mobilizers, towards classifying risks and from a watchdog to a more co-operative role. Furthermore, professional characteristics matter in journalists’ understanding and performance of their roles. Specialist reporters appear better equipped to deal with the challenges of health crisis coverage, such as balancing remaining critical with co-operation with authorities in their efforts to contain crises. Specialist reporters are also less likely to get swayed by the panic often accompanying health crises than general reporters are.
“This Is Not Representation!”
Authors: Nguyễn Thu Sương Thị , Anderson Jantina
Published: February 2017

This case centers on a Vietnamese language and culture program situated within an urban context. It illustrates how sociohistorical and geopolitical contexts interplay in understanding relations within schools as well as school–community relations. A new ethnoburb creates both opportunities and challenges for the Vietnamese community related to cross-ethnic dynamics and the way interactions are shaped bureaucratically, socially, and politically. Increasing proximity of differences produced through processes of urbanization provides opportunity for school and community leaders to examine mechanisms (assumptions about difference, bureaucratic expedience, socio-political power, notions of “natural” social hierarchies, etc.) by which in/tolerance and alienation are produced.
Mathematics Discourse Communities
Authors: Willey Craig , Gatza Andrew , Flessner Courtney
Published: February 2017

This case explores how a monolingual teacher, embedded in a large urban school context, saw and understood her role in supporting emergent bilingual learners’ development of mathematics discourse. Particular attention is paid to the classroom arrangements and curricular and instructional choices this teacher made to facilitate this development. The teacher maintains distinct language ideologies and perceptions of Latina/o learners that tacitly influence her design and implementation of mathematics discourse communities. Assuming that this phenomenon is widespread, this case raises questions about what educational leadership might do to shift the paradigm toward school culture where all school personnel understand the power of specialized discourses, the need to assume a collective responsibility to explicitly support learners’ language development, and their inextricable connection to Latina/os’ subject-area affinities and identities.
Classroom Discussions as Distortions
Authors: Sosa Teresa , Bhathena Catherine D.
Published: February 2017

Ms. Mendez, English Department chair in a large urban high school, has noticed a persistent pattern in the practices of her colleagues. These practices tend to be racially insensitive and emphasize a noncritical view that does not attend to students’ experiences and positions students from a deficit perspective. Realizing that such practices serve as social reproductions of racist and classist orientations that reproduce the existing social order, Ms. Mendez decided school leadership should be informed. However, she worries that the school’s leadership will not work to enact change and instead will take her concerns lightly.
It’s Not About You, It’s About Us
Authors: Patton Lori D. , Jordan Jodi L.
Published: February 2017

This case centers on a Black woman school administrator and efforts to disrupt Whiteness among an urban elementary school teaching staff. The case details the resistance she encounters while encouraging teachers to confront “White fragility” and consider how their fragile perspectives on race and racism shape how they educate Black students. She attempts to incorporate relevant social justice issues, particularly associated with the “Black Lives Matter” campaign into professional development to challenge teachers’ deficit thinking. Finally, the case demonstrates oppressive leadership politics driving the (mis)education of racially minoritized students.
Talk About a Racial Eclipse
Authors: Phelps Moultrie Jada , Magee Paula A. , Paredes Scribner Samantha M.
Published: February 2017

During a student teaching experience, teacher education candidates affiliated with an urban School of Education school–university partnership witnessed a disturbing interaction between an early career White male teacher and a first-grade Black male student at an assigned elementary school. The subsequent interactions among the teacher, principal, district administrators, and university partners illumine the racial implications at varying levels from the individual to the structural level. The ways in which race is centered, yet is evaded by school actors, raises important considerations for leadership. Authors suggest combining critical race theory with organizational narratives to explore the dilemmas at various structural levels, but in particular for the principal and district-level administrators.
Killing To Survive: The Walking Dead, Police Slayings and Medieval Malice
Authors: Crofts Penny
Published: February 2017

Fatal police shootings in the United States have generated much media and academic comment. These shootings fit within the historical common law category of homicides under compulsion and in practice rarely result in prosecutions and even less convictions. This article considers the laws of compulsion through the prism of early common law and slayings for survival in the horror series The Walking Dead. Contemporary accounts of justifiable homicide sustain early common law attempts to balance the need for authorized force to enforce the law against the protection of citizens from arbitrary force. Contemporary law focuses on whether or not the decision to use force was reasonable, but The Walking Dead depicts the narrowness of this question of culpability. The moral difference in slayings is not only whether a law enforcement officer’s decision to use force was reasonable, but whether or not the slayer desired to kill and was acting for a public or personal purpose. The Walking Dead also raises questions about the aspirations of the contemporary justice system. It portrays the medieval conception that the slayer and the community in which they live would be tainted by a homicide – whether excused or felonious. In medieval times, the process of justice was relied upon to remove the taint of a slaying from the community. The Walking Dead represents the thinness of contemporary accounts of compulsion and acts out early common law conceptions of malice.
Donor Power and the News
Authors: Scott Martin , Bunce Mel , Wright Kate
Published: February 2017

How does donor funding affect the independence, role perceptions, and ideology of the journalism it supports? We begin to answer this increasingly important but underresearched question with a year-long case study of the humanitarian news organistion IRIN as it transitioned from being funded by the United Nations to a private foundation, run by a Malaysian billionaire. Using content analysis, in-depth interviews, and ethnographic research, we document the changes that occurred in IRIN’s outputs, target audience, and public service values, and the complex interplay of influences that produced these changes. We find that, in this case, donor power operated entirely indirectly and always in concert with the dominant professional values within IRIN. In doing so, this case study highlights the importance of journalistic agency and contextual variables in the journalist–donor relationship, as well as the potential significance of contradictory dynamics. We also use this case to test whether Benson, Hessérus and Sedel’s model of media owner power can help to explain the workings of donor power.
Complex formation with pentraxin-2 regulates factor X plasma levels and macrophage interactions
Authors: Muczynski Vincent , Aymé Gabriel , Regnault Véronique , Vasse Marc , Borgel Delphine , Legendre Paulette , Bazaa Amine , Harel Amélie , Loubière Cécile , Lenting Peter J. , Denis Cécile V. , Christophe Olivier D.
Published: February 2017

Key Points

We have identified PTX2 as a novel partner for FX in the circulation, and their plasma levels are interdependent. FX and PTX2 cooperate with SR-AI to prevent their uptake by macrophages.
Slowed decay of mRNAs enhances platelet specific translation
Authors: Mills Eric W. , Green Rachel , Ingolia Nicholas T.
Published: February 2017

Key Points

Ribosome profiling of primary human platelets defines the platelet translatome, derived from a biased subset of MK mRNAs. Restoration of the ribosome rescue/mRNA surveillance factor Pelota, which is normally absent in wild-type platelets, promotes RNA decay.
Fidelity of Implementation: An Overlooked Yet Critical Construct to Establish Effectiveness of Evidence-Based Instructional Practices
Authors: Stains Marilyne , Vickrey Trisha
Published: February 2017

The discipline-based education research (DBER) community has been invested in the research and development of evidence-based instructional practices (EBIPs) for decades. Unfortunately, investigations of the impact of EBIPs on student outcomes typically do not characterize instructors’ adherence to an EBIP, often assuming that implementation was as intended by developers. The validity of such findings is compromised, since positive or negative outcomes can be incorrectly attributed to an EBIP when other factors impacting implementation are often present. This methodological flaw can be overcome by developing measures to determine the fidelity of implementation (FOI) of an intervention, a construct extensively studied in other fields, such as healthcare. Unfortunately, few frameworks to measure FOI in educational settings exist, which likely contributes to a lack of FOI constructs in most impact studies of EBIPs in DBER. In this Essay, we leverage the FOI literature presented in other fields to propose an appropriate framework for FOI within the context of DBER. We describe how this framework enhances the validity of EBIP impact studies and provide methodological guidelines for how it should be integrated in such studies. Finally, we demonstrate the application of our framework to peer instruction, a commonly researched EBIP within the DBER community.
Late relapse of testicular cancer.
Authors: Terebelo H R , Taylor H G , Brown A , Martin N , Stutz F H , Blom J , Geier L
Published: February 2017

The complete response (CR) rate of disseminated germ-cell tumors with current aggressive chemotherapy and surgical resection of localized residual disease is between 70%-80%. Most patients who relapse do so within the first year of therapy. We have observed seven patients with germ-cell tumors treated with a variety of modalities who relapsed after more than two years in CR (45-87 months). Five patients are alive after salvage therapy with follow-up too short to assess the durability of second remission. There were no features distinguishing late relapse patients from all patients treated with chemotherapy for germ-cell tumors. Follow-up in patients treated for germ-cell tumors with chemotherapy should be extended to five years before curability can be established.
A randomized attempt to increase the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer by hormonal synchronization.
Authors: Lippman M E , Cassidy J , Wesley M , Young R C
Published: February 2017

Human breast cancer cells in tissue culture can be growth inhibited by tamoxifen, an inhibition that can be reversed by estrogen. The question of whether tamoxifen inhibition of breast cancer followed by estradiol reversal would increase the efficacy of chemotherapy was asked. One hundred ten patients were prospectively randomized to chemotherapy consisting of cytoxan (750 mg/m2) and Adriamycin (30 mg/m2) on day 1 plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (500 mg/m2) and methotrexate (MTX, 40 mg/m2) on day 8 versus the same chemotherapy plus tamoxifen (20 mg/m2) on days 2-6 and premarin (0.625 mg every 12 hours for three days) on day 7. Chemotherapy was given in 21-day cycles. The first 55 patients were randomized to a regimen in which 5-FU preceded MTX by 24 hours; thereafter, all patients received MTX followed in one hour by 5-FU. No difference in any response parameter was seen between these two 5-FU/MTX schedules. A limited number of patients with inflammatory breast cancer had a significantly higher response rate (93% versus 61%; p = 0.03) than patients with recurrent metastatic disease. Time to progression (13 versus 17 months) and survival (17 versus 23 months) of responders significantly favored the treatment arm including tamoxifen and premarin. Whereas an additive effect of hormones plus chemotherapy cannot be entirely excluded as the explanation for the improved results with the addition of tamoxifen for four days plus one day of premarin, results suggest that further efforts to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy by perturbing tumor growth rates may be worthwhile.
Increased incidence of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following therapy in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung.
Authors: Chak L Y , Sikic B I , Tucker M A , Horns R C , Cox R S
Published: February 2017

A group of 158 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were followed for 174.5 person-years of observation to determine the risk of acute leukemia. Three cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were observed at 2.3, 2.7, and 3.0 years. The relative risk of developing leukemia was 316 (95% confidence limit, 76-818) and the actuarial risk was 25% +/- 13% at 3.1 years. The relative risk for leukemia was significantly increased in these patients (p less than 0.0001).
Inefficacy of dacarbazine, mitomycin C, and hepatic irradiation in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract.
Authors: Smith B J , Evans M , Hellmann K , Jones R , Newton K , Peters N , Phillips R H
Published: February 2017

A regimen combining hepatic irradiation and intravenous dacarbazine and mitomycin C for treating colorectal adenocarcinoma with liver metastases offers no advance in the management of patients with this disease.
Data recycling and misreading: two potential errors in pooled data from small studies.
Authors: Hillcoat B L
Published: February 2017

Data from studies on small numbers of patients are often pooled to obtain more significant numbers with which to estimate response rates to chemotherapy. This has several problems that are well recognized. Two additional types of errors are (1) data recycling, in which the same data are included twice or more, and (2) data misreading, in which mistakes frequently occur in quoting the small numbers involved. Both errors are easily avoided by careful reading of the original reports.