bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms of molecular transfer across the blood-brain barrier as a target for pharmacological action Part 1. Structure, function and pathology of the BBB
Authors: Trofimov Alexander  N. , Litvinova Mariya V. , Schwarz Alexander  P. , Kosheverova Vera  V. , Lebedev Andrei  A. , Arseniev Nikolay А. , Tyukavin Aleksandr I.
Published: August 2022

Biological barriers play a key role in maintaining the integrity and functioning of the body at all levels of its organization. The barrier function at the cellular level is based on the hydrophobic properties of the cytoplasmic membrane, which provide selective permeability for various substances, depending on their chemical properties. At higher levels of organization, from tissue to organism, the barrier function is based on intercellular protein complexes of the plasma membrane, which form paracellular diffusion barriers and separate internal and external fluid media, which is a necessary condition for the development and functioning of each organ. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) ​​plays an important role in maintaining the function of the brain. The review reflects the main stages in the embryonic development of the BBB, as well as presents current data on the morphological and functional features of the organization of the BBB, including molecular mechanisms that mediate the barrier function due to the complex participation of vascular cells of cerebral microvessels, as well as gene expression of enzyme complexes, active and passive substance transport mechanisms through the BBB. The high transport selectivity of the BBB is an urgent problem for the delivery of drugs to the brain. At the same time, it is equally important to improve the principles of pharmacotherapy for the correction of impaired BBB functions in various types of pathology of the nervous and other body systems. This review aims to convey to the developers of modern targeted drugs new information about the molecular genetic mechanisms of the transport of substances through the BBB, as well as to draw the attention of specialists in the field of precision medicine to the problem of violations of the barrier function of cerebral vessels in neurological and other diseases of a modern person.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients before coronary bypass surgery using dry carbon dioxide baths and respiratory training
Authors: Gilmutdinova Lira T. , Faizova Elvira R. , Garaev Ruslan R. , Gilmutdinov Aidar R.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Preoperative rehabilitation of patients before coronary bypass surgery using non-drug technologies is aimed at increasing adherence to treatment, improving psychoemotional stability and the results of surgical intervention and subsequent postoperative rehabilitation.
AIMS: the aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-rehabilitation of patients before coronary bypass surgery, including dry carbon dioxide baths and respiratory training in a day hospital.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Under observation were 36 male patients aged 3455 years before surgery for coronary heart disease. Depending on the activities carried out, the subjects are divided into two groups. Patients in the control group (n=18) received a basic complex of a lipid-lowering diet with salt restriction, therapeutic exercises in a small group method, dosed walking, sessions with a psychologist, and drug therapy. Patients of the main group (n=18) received, in addition to the basic complex, dry carbonic baths and respiratory training using breathing simulators.
RESULTS: The use of dry carbon dioxide baths and respiratory training in prehabilitation before coronary bypass surgery is accompanied by an increase in physical performance, improvement of clinical, hemodynamic and psychological parameters.
CONCLUSION: The inclusion of dry carbon dioxide baths and respiratory training in the complexes of preoperative rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease contributes to an increase in their adherence to treatment and surgical intervention, as well as to an increase in the effectiveness of postoperative rehabilitation.
The choice of tactics of rehabilitation measures in patients with chronic paraproctitis, depending on the volume of surgical intervention based on quality of life indicators
Authors: Kovalev Sergey A.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: The development of medical technologies puts forward requirements for the improvement and optimization of treatment and rehabilitation algorithms for providing surgical care to proctological patients and, in particular, patients with chronic paraproctitis. The criteria for the effectiveness of therapy are the period of wound healing, the frequency of recurrence of the disease and the preservation of the function of the anal sphincter. The development of minimally invasive surgical technologies is a new promising area of outpatient coloproctology.
AIMS: was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of physiotherapy programs for postoperative rehabilitation according to the SF-36 quality of life assessment scale in groups of patients operated on by various methods of surgical interventions and to develop an Algorithm for surgical treatment and postoperative rehabilitation of patients with chronic paraproctitis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included observation and control in the pre- and early postoperative period for 270 operated patients with extra- and transsphincter pararectal fistulas with various options for surgical treatment and rehabilitation programs used in the early postoperative period. As a criterion of effectiveness, an assessment of the quality of life b according to the SF-36 questionnaire was used. The surgical-physiotherapeutic Algorithm of surgical treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chronic paraproctitis is proposed for wide introduction into clinical practice.
RESULTS: As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, it was found that the quality of life depends on the type of operation: the advantage of using minimally invasive surgical interventions and the rehabilitation program used has been proven: the advantage of using an extended 4-component rehabilitation program has been proven.
CONCLUSION: The data obtained made it possible to determine the tactics of rehabilitation measures in patients with chronic paraproctitis depending on the volume of surgical intervention and display it in a visual, schematic form ― Algorithm for surgical treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chronic paraproctitis.
New opportunities of therapeutic hyperthermia (literature review)
Authors: Kurpeshev Orazakhmet K.
Published: August 2022

An electronic search for publications on the results of the use of hyperthermia in medicine was carried out using the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka,RSCI, international and regional journals, materials of international congresses, congresses and conferences.
The review analyzes the results of experimental and clinical studies of the therapeutic effect of hyperthermia or in various non-inflammatory diseases. Experimental studies have shown a pronounced damaging effect of hyperthermia on some types of parasites and therapeutic effect on mice genetically predisposed to type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical studies have shown that hyperthermia significantly improves the condition of patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary insufficiency, depressive syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, psoriasis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, limb lymphedema, post-radiation fibrosis and Peyronie's disease. It has been shown that the effectiveness of hyperthermia is associated with a wide range of biological and physiological reactions of cells and tissues to heat exposure, including the expression of heat shock proteins. At the same time, the results obtained in an experiment and in a clinic without randomization require further research and confirmation.
Análisis de la coyuntura jurídica de los hijos nacidos en Colombia de padres venezolanos
Authors: Arias Rivera Juan Camilo
Published: August 2022

Objetivo. Este artículo de investigación analiza la protección de los derechos fundamentales de los niños nacidos en Colombia hijos de padres migrantes venezolanos que se encontraban en riesgo de apatridia, entre los años 2015 y 2019. Contexto. La investigación se realiza en el contexto de las migraciones forzadas, producto de las condiciones críticas sociopolíticas y económicas de Venezuela, desde el año 2013. Metodología. Se realizó un análisis dogmático de las normas nacionales e internacionales, en materia de reconocimiento del derecho a la nacionalidad, con el fin de evidenciar su aplicación en Colombia y sus posibles problemas de implementación. De igual manera, una observación participante entre los meses de febrero y octubre del 2019, en el Grupo de Acciones Públicas (GAPI) del Consultorio Jurídico de la Universidad Icesi, mientras se daba asesoría a la población con necesidad de protección internacional, a la cual negaban el registro civil de nacimiento y el acceso a otros derechos. Conclusiones. Conceder la nacionalidad colombiana es poco efectivo, toda vez que, si bien soluciona la condición de apátrida del menor, no garantiza el acceso efectivo a otros derechos fundamentales, sociales, económicos, culturales y del medio ambiente. La obtención de la nacionalidad es tan solo un primer avance que requiere de la realización de otras acciones legales para exigir el cumplimiento efectivo de esos derechos.
Coagulation activity of circulating membrane microparticles in patients with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Antonova O.A. , Golubeva N.V. , Yakushkin V.V. , Zyuryaev I.T. , Krivosheeva E.N. , Komarov A.L. , Martynyuk T.V. , Mazurov A.V.
Published: August 2022

Membrane microparticles (MP) are released by activated or damaged cells and are able to accelerate blood clotting (coagulation). MP possess coagulation activity since all of them contain on their surface phosphatidylserine (PS), a substrate for the assembly of coagulation complexes, and some of them tissue factor (TF), the primary initiator of coagulation cascade reactions. We compared the coagulation activity and amount of MP in the blood of healthy donors (n=34) and patients with myocardial infarction (MI) (n=32), advanced atherosclerosis (AA) (n=32) and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) (n=19). Total MP fraction was obtained from blood plasma by sedimentation at 20000 g, 30 min. The coagulation activity of PM isolated from 100 μl of donor and patient plasma was determined using a modified recalcification test. MP were added to substrate plasma devoid of endogenous MF, plasma was recalcified, and clotting was recorded by changes in optical density (A450), determining lag phase (min) and maximum rate (Vmax, %A450/min). MP were counted by flow cytometry as PS+ particles (lactadgerin-FITC staining) smaller than 1 μm and their concentration was expressed as 105 MP/μl plasma. MP in all patient groups accelerated plasma clotting more effectively than donor MP. Lag phase compared with donors (11.8 [11.0-13.1] median and interquartile range) was shorter in patients with AA (8.8 [7.0-10.3], p
Mechanism of regulation of the constitutive androstane receptor under conditions of modeling oxidative stress in vitro
Authors: Abalenikhina Yu.V. , Shchulkin A.V. , Seidkuliyeva A.A. , Pravkin S.K. , Yakusheva E.N.
Published: August 2022

The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a nuclear receptor that participates in the regulation of biotransformation of toxic substances and metabolic processes. The mechanisms of expression changes of CAR under conditions of oxidative stress (OS) have not been studied yet and this was the purpose of the study. OS was modeled by incubating Caco2 cells with hydrogen peroxide 10-100 μM for 72 h. The amount of CAR was determined by the Western blot, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was evaluated by a heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay malondialdehyde (MDA), the lipid peroxidation products (LPP) was assayed by a photometric method. Incubation of cells with 10 μM and 50 μM H2O2 led to an increase in the amount of CAR and Nrf2, while incubation with 100 μM H2O2 caused their decrease. Nrf2 inhibition did not influence the CAR content under OS conditions. 10 μM MDA increased the CAR content, 100 μM MDA had no effect, while 150 μM reduced the amount of CAR.
The effect of using Laban leaf (Vitex pinnata) methanol extract toothpaste on saliva pH in Students of SD Negeri I Pagar AIR
Authors: Nuraskin Cut Aja
Published: August 2022

Background: Maintaining the pH balance of saliva is one way to prevent dental caries. The pH balance of saliva is influenced by the rate of salivary secretion. The rate of salivary secretion can be stimulated chemically and mechanically. Mechanical stimulation by brushing teeth and chemically by gargling. Indonesia is currently developing natural ingredients as medicinal ingredients that have been scientifically tested for their benefits and safety. Laban leaf (Vitex pinnata) is one of the many medicinal plants found in Indonesia. Laban leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins that can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans so that it can remove dental plaque naturally. Some researchers state that laban leaf extract can affect the pH of saliva. This study aims to see the effect of the use of laban leaf methanol extract toothpaste on salivary pH.Methods: Experimental research method with pre and post-tests design with proposing sampling technique where 26 people were taken as samples. The sample was divided into 2 groups which received different treatment. Group 1 was instructed to brush their teeth with laban leaf extract toothpaste and group 2 with toothpaste circulating in the market tied their teeth for 3 minutes.Results: Results based on the comparison of salivary pH before and after brushing teeth, it was found that brushing teeth with methanol extract toothpaste of laban leaves was more effective in increasing salivary pH. Based on the use of toothpaste with laban leaf methanol extract, the significant value is 0.000<(0.05), so it can be concluded that reject H0. This means that there is an average difference before and after using laban leaf methanol extract toothpaste. In conclusion, the use of laban leaf methanol extract toothpaste has more effect on increasing the pH of saliva.Conclusions: brushing teeth with laban leaf methanol extract toothpaste is more effective in increasing the pH of saliva. We recommend recommending further research to determine the potential of laban leaves to be used as raw material for toothpaste.
Study of changes in serum sodium and potassium levels in term and preterm neonates following phototherapy
Authors: Annachira Chinnappa Likitha , Rudrappa Sudha
Published: August 2022

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common physical finding in the first week of life. It is a common cause of hospital readmission during neonatal period. Phototherapy is an important treatment modality. However, it has some complications; amongst them serum electrolyte changes are a common complication. Objective of this study is to determine the changes in serum sodium and potassium in neonates before and after phototherapy and compare the occurrence of these changes in relation to gestational age and birth weight.Methods: In a prospective hospital based comparative study both term and preterm neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit receiving phototherapy at Cheluvamba hospital Mysore from July 2021 to April 2022 (10 months) were studied. A predesigned proforma aided the enrolment of new-borns into the study. Serum bilirubin and electrolytes and a comparative study was made between before and after phototherapy groups to determine the incidence of electrolyte imbalance.Results: The study group included 100 neonates. Incidence of low-birth-weight babies was 28% and preterm 22%. Mean birth weight and gestational age was 2.91±0.65 kg and 38.43±1.96 week respectively. The incidence of hyponatremia post phototherapy was found to be 9% which was more in low birth weight and preterm neonates (p<0.001) and was statistically significant. The incidence of potassium changes was found to be non-significant.Conclusions: The study shows that neonates under phototherapy are at higher risk of hyponatremia. This risk is greater in premature and low birth weight babies and hence this group of babies should be closely monitored for electrolyte changes and managed accordingly.
Study of variables affecting mortality among extramural very low birth weight neonates in tertiary care centre: a prospective observational study
Authors: Gedam Ruchi A. , Apte Mohini , Gondase Suraj P.
Published: August 2022

Background: Over the past few decades, the burden of extramural very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates is increasing due to advances in obstetrics services. Objective of present study was to know variables affecting mortality in these neonates.   Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at department of paediatrics, government medical college and hospital, Nagpur, India over a period of 2 years. Out-born neonates admitted in this tertiary care centre with birth weight between 1000-1499 gm were included in the study. Proper antenatal, natal history were taken and data was collected using data collection sheet. All subjects were followed up till discharge or death whichever was earlier. Results: Significant demographic factors associated with neonatal mortality were found out to be place of birth, birth attendant, distance travelled and transport time. Neonatal factors which significantly associated with mortality were found out to be hypothermia and SpO2 less than 90%.Conclusions: Univariate analysis concluded that age at presentation (>24 hours), place of birth, birth attendant, distance travelled, mode of transport, transport time, hypothermia, SpO2<90% were found to be significant factors for predicting risk of mortality in VLBW neonates. However, multivariate analysis concluded only 4 predictors that is age more than 24 hours, transportation time, SpO2 on admission and hypothermia were found to retain their significance. VLBW babies are vulnerable, but with small improvements in infrastructure and personnel training, significance difference in prevention of morbidity and mortality can be seen.
Telegenetics aids the diagnosis of Hunter syndrome caused due to a novel IDS variant in rural India, during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bajaj Shruti , Thawani Simran , Iyer Gayatri , Setty Phani N. , Kore Mahesh , Jadhav Vilas
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an expanded application of telemedicine globally. This enhanced connectivity also opened newer arenas of availability of super-specialty consultations in remote India. The current report highlights the details of a 15-month-old boy from a rural Maharashtra who was diagnosed with Hunter syndrome (HS i.e., mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS-II) via hybrid model of consultation involving telemedicine. The child was first evaluated by a paediatrician in-person, when he was suspected to have one of the MPS subtypes. This was followed by a virtual and an in-person consultation with the clinical geneticist, following which the suspicion for MPS was sharpened further. Exome sequencing identified a novel insertion in IDS gene c.1080_1081insGAATAA, p.Ile360_Phe361insGluTer confirming HS. The mother was identified to be a carrier for this X-linked disorder. The family was counselled about their available reproductive options for the future. The option of enzyme replacement therapy, as a potential lease of life, for improvement of the somatic symptoms, quality and longevity of life, was offered. However, due to the exorbitant lifelong expense that ERT entailed and the lifelong, weekly-injection schedule; the family declined this option. The report highlights the diagnostic journey of a child with HS, which spanned over barely two months following presentation to the specialist. It demonstrates how prudent integration of telemedicine services in resource-limited and pandemic-challenged settings, can help truncate the diagnostic odysseys often borne by patients of rare diseases. It also calls for attention to fill the existing gaps in meaningful healthcare directed towards rare diseases.
Novel mutation in DMN1L gene in child with Landau Kleffner syndrome: a rare association
Authors: Myathari Ramakrishna , Gupta Anand , Bijarnia-Mahay Sunita
Published: August 2022

Landau Kleffner syndrome (LKS), occurs in healthy children who develop progressive aphasia along with seizures usually polymorphic with associated paroxysmal Electroencephalography (EEG) changes. Described cases in literature were neurologically normal with normal development prior to onset of LKS. This syndrome has male preponderance (2:1) age group affected being 3-7 years. Majority of cases (70-80%) shows additional symptoms viz. aggressive behaviour, decreased attention span, intellectual deficits etc. Index case is 13 years old female, who had seizure as initial symptoms, followed by expressive aphasia after a latent period of 2 months. She was not able to walk/post onset of aphasia. She was neurologically normal prior to onset of seizure.
Psychiatric comorbidity in patients with migraine
Authors: Ismail Haamid , Fayaz Farhana
Published: August 2022

Background: Migraine is a highly prevalent and disabling neurological disorder associated with a wide range of psychiatric comorbidities. The aim of the study was to study the psychiatric comorbidities in patients with migraine.Methods: The study population comprised all the out patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of migraine attending a tertiary care psychiatry hospital over a period of 6 months. A total of 90 cases of migraine seen over a period of 6 months were analysed to know the demographic characteristics, clinical pattern and psychiatric comorbidity.Results: Maximum patients were between 21-40 years of age group (41.1%), females (83.3%), married (74.4%) and housewives (52.2%). 64.5% of study population was literate with a formal education above 10th standard. Migraine without aura was commonest sub-type (65.6%). Noise (75.6%) and sunlight (65.6%) was the most common precipitating factors. Anxiety disorders were the most common comorbid psychiatric disorders (40%), followed by major depressive disorder (24.4%). In 24.6% cases, no psychiatric comorbidity was present.Conclusions: Migraine is comorbid with several psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depressive disorders. When migraine and a comorbid psychiatric disorder are present, it is important to take both disorders into account in formulating a treatment plan.
Drug-induced liver injury after anti tuberculosis drugs administration, how to diagnose? a case report
Authors: Ratnansari Giri Ray , Suryana Ketut
Published: August 2022

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a liver injury caused by various drugs, herbs, or other xenobiotics, which causes abnormalities in liver tests or liver dysfunction in the absence of other causes of liver damage. The most common causative drugs are antituberculosis drugs (ATDs), anti-infective drugs, and natural herbal medicines. The diagnosis of DILI can be difficult due to the lack of specific signs, symptoms and tests and is partly a diagnosis based on exclusion. In this case report, we will discuss how to diagnosis DILI TB and causative assessment using RUCAM score. A male, 64 years old, has complained of weakness since 1 week ago and worsened since 1 day ago. The patient also felt persistent nausea for 1 week, so his eating and drinking decreased. Besides, he complained getting abdominal pain, especially in the upper right region and heartburn. The patient has been on first category of TB treatment since 20 days ago. Chest X-ray showed Lung TB with infiltrate in multiple cavities. Abdominal ultrasound showed no abnormality. The patient was discharged from our hospital after 6 days of hospitalization. DILI remains a diagnosis of exclusion based primarily on a detailed history and judicious use of blood tests, hepatobiliary imaging, and liver biopsy. The Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method (RUCAM) system is an assigning point for clinical, biochemical, serologic and radiologic features of liver injury. We use RUCAM score to make an assessment that show the likelihood of   the hepatic injury due to a specific medication.
Papilledema and abducens nerve palsy associated with vitamin B12 deficiency
Authors: Singh Navnoor , Fernandes Warren , Fernandes Bolivia C. A.
Published: August 2022

Papilledema is defined as optic disc swelling that is secondary to elevated intracranial pressure. Vision is usually well preserved with this condition. The optic discs appear blurred in papilledema. Elevation in intracranial pressure is due to variety of reasons of which intracranial hemorrhage is the most common. We present a case in which our patient developed papilledema due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Lateral rectus muscle palsy occurs due to abducens nerve palsy. The lateral rectus muscle is responsible for lateral movement of the eyeball, specifically abduction. Its palsy results in sudden onset of horizontal double vision, which is worse when the patient looks to the affected side. There is also limited outward movement of the affected eye. Abducens nerve palsy can occur due to ischemia injury, stroke, infection, brain tumour, elevated intracranial pressure, or inflammation of the nerve. In our patient the abducens nerve palsy was due to homocysteinemia secondary to dietary vitamin B12 deficiency. Homocysteine is a potent atherosclerotic risk factor and can cause ischemic nerve palsy, as seen in our patient.
An interesting case of acute pancreatits
Authors: Kalidindi Lakshmipriya , Linkeshavan Mohana , Kalappan Mahendra Kumar , Mohanan Jagadeesan , Rajendran Kannan
Published: August 2022

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is the third most common cause of acute pancreatitis but it is relatively rare and requires a high level of clinic suspicion. We report a 30 years old male with no co-morbidities who is a non-alcoholic, non-smoker presented with epigastric pain associated with vomiting for two days. His vitals were stable and systemic examination was unremarkable. Serum lipase levels were elevated [7365 U/l (<40 U/l)]. Computed Tomography of the abdomen suggested acute pancreatitis with extensive peri-pancreatic inflammatory changes with no evidence of pancreatic necrosis. Serum triglycerides were found to be elevated (3450 mg/dl). A diagnosis of HTG induced acute pancreatitis was made. During evaluation he was found to be diabetic. He was treated with intravenous fluids, IV insulin infusion, and other supportive measures. He was started on statins, fenofibrate and omega 3 fatty acids. His condition improved and triglyceride levels after two days were in a declining trend and he was discharged on the same. He was currently under follow up and his serum amylase, serum lipase, serum triglycerides were normal. This case report provides insight into rare cause of acute pancreatitis-HTG which if diagnosed at the earliest can be treated promptly.
An unusual case of left para-duodenal hernia as a cause of recurrent intestinal obstruction-managed with laparoscopic approach
Authors: Patel Jitu , Chaudhari Sandipkumar , Patel Jimitkumar , Chaudhary Sonalben
Published: August 2022

Left para-duodenal hernia (PDH) makes for around 40% of all internal hernias. It is due to the prolapse of the bowel through the fossa of Landzert, an anatomic variant that is found in around 2% of the population. This hernia is presumed to be spontaneously reducible in many patients with recurrent symptoms. The present report shows the case of this condition in a 27-year-old female presenting with recurrent abdominal pain and subacute intestinal obstruction who was managed conservatively initially. She has been operated on with a laparoscopic approach. A proper diagnosis with an immediate surgical intervention is necessary for achieving the patient’s cure and preventing complications in the future. The laparoscopic approach is usually suitable for patients with or without small bowel obstruction and hemodynamically stable.
Clinical perspectives on the management of common psychiatric disorders in India
Authors: Reddy M. S. , Mohandas E. , Vaishnav Mrugesh , John Philip , Kumar Suresh , Garg Uttam , Shah Bharat , Das Jayanta
Published: August 2022

Psychiatric disorders are common health problems in patients of all age groups, under-diagnosis and under-treatment of these disorders can result in disability and serious complications. With an objective of creating a comprehensive evidence-based consensus on common mental health disorders and their management in the Indian setting, 10 expert groups meetings involving 98 psychiatrists across India were conducted in the month of May 2020. Clinical insights related to burden, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and management were summarized based on the discussions during these meetings. Experts agreed that depressive disorders and anxiety disorders represent two important psychiatric disorders in India. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used for the treatment of depression. Benzodiazepines are effective for the treatment of comorbid anxiety in patients with depression, but their long-term use causes adverse events such as dependence and withdrawal reaction. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder, substance use especially alcohol withdrawal syndrome, and sleep disorders are other common psychiatric disorders found among Indian patients. Lithium and valproate represent the commonly used and effective pharmacological treatments for bipolar disorder. SSRIs are preferred drugs in the treatment of OCD, whereas benzodiazepines such as chlordiazepoxide and diazepam represent important pharmacological treatment options for alcohol withdrawal. Early identification and timely and effective treatment of psychiatric disorders is important for prevention of complications. Treatment should be individualized based on efficacy, tolerability profile of the medicine, risk of drug interactions, and cost. This consensus may be useful to psychiatrists and general practitioners treating common psychiatric conditions in Indian patients.
Cutaneous myeloid sarcoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma
Authors: Veiga Ricardo , Vale Esmeralda
Published: August 2022

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a neoplasm composed of myeloid blasts occurring outside the bone marrow, most often found simultaneously, or after a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. Very rarely, de novo MS has been diagnosed in patients with a prior history of non-hematolymphoid neoplasms treated with systemic chemotherapy. We report a case of a MS in a 43-year-old woman, 6 months after the diagnosis of a HER2+ breast carcinoma, treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy drugs could have played a pathogenic role in the development of MS in this patient. The exceeding rarity of such cases does make further and broader studies fundamental, in order to clarify if and which chemotherapy drugs may be the cause of MS.
Comparación dióptrica del error refractivo antes y después de cicloplejia en universitarios
Authors: Rey-Rodriguez Diana Valeria , Álvarez-Peregrina Cristina , Moreno-Montoya Jose , Angarita Contreras Yury Lady
Published: August 2022

Objetivo. Identificar diferencias en el valor dióptrico del error refractivo de universitarios y analizar la sensibilidad, especificidad y los valores predictivos de los valores de autorefracción no ciclopléjica para miopía e hipermetropía.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional de corte transversal con 208 participantes incluidos. El error refractivo fue medido con autorefractómetro antes y después del uso de ciclopentolato tópico al 1 %. Para determinar la validez de la autorefracción no ciclopléjica se analizaron la prueba de sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos para miopía e hipermetropía.
Resultados. Las estimaciones de prevalencia de miopía sin cicloplejia y con cicloplejia fueron antes del 74,88 % [IC 95 % -0,95-4,79] y después del 29,71 % [IC 95% -1,60-2,31] y para hipermetropía antes del 2,46 % [IC 95 % 1,16-2,70] y después del 25,14 % [IC 95 % 0,83-1,32]. La magnitud de miopía antes y después de cicloplejia fue de -2,87 D y -1,96 D y para hipermetropía +1,93 D y +1,08 D, respectivamente. La diferencia entre el examen sin y con cicloplejia para miopía fue de -0,91 D, y para hipermetropía +0,85 D. La validez de la autorefracción no ciclopléjica, identificó correctamente a 96,6 % de sujetos miopes y erróneamente a 39,43 %. En hipermetropía la prueba no ciclopléjica identificó de forma correcta a los hipermétropes (90,90 %) y no hubo ninguna clasificación errónea en este diagnóstico.  Conclusiones. La valoración sin cicloplejia refleja diferencias en la magnitud de las ametropías bajas y medias hasta en una dioptría, en comparación con el examen de cicloplejia. La validez de la prueba de autorefracción sin cicloplejia demostró una identificación errónea de sujetos miopes, resultando un incremento en la prevalencia de miopía en población menor a 40 años. Por lo tanto, es conveniente identificar a los sujetos miopes por medio de valoración ciclopléjica.
Planning parental ehealth education about healthy-weight lifestyle in pediatric primary care patients 6-12 years
Authors: Yudkin Joshua , Allicock Marlyn , Nelson Victoria , Quirk Lisa , Lee Simon , Barlow Sarah
Published: August 2022

Background: Childhood obesity is a pandemic with immediate and future health risks that demand holistic, personalized, and innovative treatments. Healthcare providers struggle to provide such treatment within the constraints of medical visits. A theoretical and evidence-based eHealth intervention could engage parents and caregivers to improve health behaviors and increase reach to low-income vulnerable families, a high-risk chort often neglected in clinical research. This study aims to identify needs and preferences of potential users of an eHealth intervention.

Methods: Focus groups and interviews of ethnically diverse, low-income parents and semi-structured interviews of primary healthcare staff obtained perspectives on the content and structure of a eHealth intervention intended to improve lifestyle habits to reduce childhood obesity. Research team members analyzed the data to identify specific needs and communication strategies for the target population.

 

Results:  Parents endorsed learning more about healthy eating, physical activity, and the effects of sugar-sweetened beverages on their child’s weight.  Parents reported a preference for bright colors, short texts, videos, summary quizzes, and additional resources to explore on their own and with their child. Healthcare staff reported time limitations during clinical visits and an interest in looping family progress into their EHR. Using an eHealth intervention, parents expect an improved relationship and increased trust with their child’s pediatrician.

 

Conclusion:  Parents and staff saw value in this tool and provided useful recommendations for its design. This eHealth intervention could create a health alliance between the healthcare provider and family, provide personalized content, and be scaled to address health disparities broadly.
Study habits and academic performance of Law and Education students from a State Mexican University
Authors: Ritchie Dr. Patricio Henríquez , Álvarez Dra. Miriam
Published: August 2022

The main objective of this research was to identify and characterize the differences in study habits based on personal and academic variables in students of two bachelor's degree (Law and Education Sciences) of Faculty of Administrative and Social Sciences (FCAYS), Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), Mexico. The sample of this study was 347 students from both programs. The main source of data was the instrument Study Habits Inventory (SHI) which has the following dimensions: environmental conditions, study planning, use of materials, and content assimilation. Descriptive, comparative (ANOVA) and correlation analyses were performed to analyze the data. In the correlation analysis between the variables associated with students' study habits and the grade point average, results show that there are statistically significant connections the dimension of materials. Results show that characterizing and comparing study habits of university students in both programs provides empirical evidence about best study practices and their connection with academic performance, both aspects related to the improvement of the quality of education. It is recommended to carry out more studies considering students from other fields of knowledge
Factores asociados al control de síntomas nucleares en pacientes pediátricos con trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad, en un centro especializado de Medellín entre 2018 y 2019
Authors: Restrepo Arbeláez Daniel Alejandro , Sepúlveda López Santiago , Parra Cardona María Alejandra , Sánchez Acosta Daniela , Restrepo Conde Cristóbal
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (tdah) ha sido descrito como el trastorno del neurodesarrollo más común en la infancia. Esta condición se asocia a un significativo deterioro en calidad de vida, múltiples comorbilidades y, a largo plazo, a menores logros académicos y laborales. A pesar de que se ha evidenciado que en los pacientes de ascendencia latina se presenta un posible subdiagnóstico, que en Colombia se han estimado prevalencias mayores a las descritas en el planeta, y que los efectos de la pandemia por Covid-19 han podido exacerbar esta problemática, el volumen de estudios con estimaciones reproducibles sobre las características, tratamientos recibidos y control de síntomas de estos pacientes aún requiere ampliarse. Este estudio busca establecer los factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y del tratamiento asociados al control de los síntomas nucleares de este trastorno, que consisten en patrones persistentes y generalizados de inatención, impulsividad e hiperactividad. Metodología: estudio descriptivo con intención analítica en una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes pediátricos con trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad seguidos durante seis meses en un centro especializado de Medellín, Colombia, entre 2018 y 2019. Resultados: se identificó una incidencia de control de síntomas de 46,7% que se asoció de manera significativa con la adherencia al tratamiento y con historia familiar de tdah. Conclusiones: puede afirmarse que, en pacientes pediátricos con tdah, estos factores podrían aumentar la probabilidad de lograr el control de los síntomas nucleares.
Evidencia molecular y clínica del beneficio cardiovascular de los inhibidores SGLT2: estado del arte
Authors: Salazar Gómez Laura , Grisales Negrete Juan Pablo
Published: August 2022

La diabetes mellitus (dm) es una enfermedad crónica con alta incidencia y prevalencia. La enfermedad es un problema de salud pública que ha impulsado a la continua búsqueda de medidas tanto farmacológicas como no farmacológicas para el control. Gracias a la actual evidencia, se sabe que la dm, además de los niveles elevados de glucosa en sangre, se acompaña de otros problemas metabólicos como lo son la obesidad, alteraciones en el metabolismo de lípidos, entre otros; sumado a lo anterior, los pacientes tienen riesgo de padecer problemas cardiovasculares. El problema radica en que una gran cantidad de pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular (CV) o patología cardiovascular ya establecida, sufren de diabetes mellitus. La relación entre dm y las patologías cardiovasculares es de suma importancia, ya que cada una incrementa el riesgo de padecer la otra y empeora el pronóstico. Entre 1980 y 1990 se identificó el cotransportador de sodio y glucosa tipo 2 (SGLT2) como blanco para el tratamiento de la dm tipo 2. A partir de este hallazgo, se crearon los inhibidores de SGLT2 (i- SGLT2), grupo novedoso de medicamentos que disminuyen los niveles de glucosa. Además, tienen múltiples efectos tanto micro como macrovasculares (empagliflozina, canagliflozina y dapagliflozina). Por lo cual, haremos una revisión sobre la evidencia para los iSGLT2 como tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca crónica y su impacto positivo sobre el sistema renal, reducción de presión arterial, disminución de peso, entre otros beneficios.
Public Administration and the Current Socio-Political Environment in Romania
Authors: Terec-Vlad Loredana
Published: August 2022

Before talking about the structure of the public administration in Romania, we must consider the social and political environment of our country. Romania is a country with a democratic regime for more than 30 years, but which has been under the umbrella of communism for several decades. Communism meant a centralized, closed administrative and economic system.
Framing Food Security in the EU
Authors: Balanuta Lucian
Published: August 2022

Russia's invasion of Ukraine has drastically disrupted food chains, threatened global population well-being and raised the prospect of a collapse in agri-food-related realms across the world. Food security has once again become a major source of worry and a top priority on the European public agenda. The public sphere has experienced a revival of this notion and relevant actors are calibrating their communication strategy around this concept. Despite being recognized as having one of the most effective systems for ensuring the quantity and the quality of food, the European Union has started to communicate constantly on issues of food security. Pan-European press, such as Euractiv, has begun to devote particular attention to this subject. The objective of this paper is to identify European media patterns of the concept of food security and to classify useful interpretation grids that meet newsworthiness criteria, using framing theory, in order to observe how they functions in relation to communication purposes. It uses an exploratory approach with quantitative and qualitative methods for a fruitful understanding of the concept within broader notions of the mass communication process.
Przestrzeń publiczna w mieście: pojęcie, ujęcia badawcze, funkcje i zjawiska
Authors: Maik Wiesław
Published: August 2022

Autor w opracowaniu skupia się na omówieniu przestrzeni publicznej w ujęciu badawczym poddając analizie definicje wielu badaczy, a także przedstawia różne funkcje oraz zjawiska jej towarzyszące.
Zieleń miejska jako przestrzeń publiczna
Authors: Mierzejewska Lidia
Published: August 2022

Celem autorki opracowania jest przedstawienie funkcji i znaczenia terenów zieleni jako terenów publicznych oraz uzasadnienie potrzeby uwzględniania powiększania i zagospodarowania zieleni miejskiej w procesie planowania rozwoju miasta (na przykładzie Poznania). Rozważania w tym zakresie uzupełnione zostaną o społeczne uzasadnienie i potrzebę tworzenia wysokiej jakości publicznych terenów zieleni w miastach.
Zmienność funkcji miasta i przestrzeni publicznej na przykładzie Mysłowic: 1911–2011
Authors: Kantor-Pietraga Iwona , Krzysztofik Robert
Published: August 2022

Autor na przykładzie Mysłowic omawia zmienność funkcji miasta i przestrzeni publicznej, co wg Niego jest szczególnie istotne ze względu na to, że czynnik funkcji ma charakter trwały, powszechny i stymulujący.
Przestrzenie publiczne Gdańska a ich krawędzie. Analiza na przykładzie dzielnic Wrzeszcz i Śródmieście
Authors: Rogocz Maciej , Turzyński Marcin
Published: August 2022

W latach 2009-2010 zespół Biura Rozwoju Gdańska przeprowadził badania przestrzeni publicznych Śródmieścia Gdańska oraz dzielnicy Wrzeszcz. Autorzy niniejszej pracy skupili się na omówieniu wykonanej wówczas inwentaryzacji terenowej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem krawędzi przestrzeni publicznych.
Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide Supplementation on Immune Response and Immune Organ Index in Broiler Chicks
Authors: Shreeya T. Vaani , Karunakaran R. , Raja P. , Bandeswaran C.
Published: August 2022

Background: Misuse of antibiotics has led to bacterial antibiotic resistance and antibiotic residues in meat and egg. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of chicken intestinal-derived antimicrobial peptide as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters on the immune response of birds. Methods: Immune organs of randomly selected birds were collected for immune organ index. Blood samples were collected for serum to measure the antibody titre against infectious bursal disease and Newcastle disease virus using ELISA. Whole blood was collected to study the cytokine gene expression (IL-17A, IFN-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-10) using Real-time PCR. Result: Antimicrobial peptide supplementation had no significant effect (P greater than 0.05) on the immune organ index and serum antibody Titre against infectious bursal disease and Newcastle disease virus on the 21st and 35th days of the study. However, it significantly (P less than 0.01) downregulated the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines viz., IL-17A, IFN-α, IFN-γ and upregulated IL-10 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The results suggest that supplementation of antimicrobial peptide at a level of 100 mg/kg diet improved the cell-mediated immune response in broiler chicks but would not have been sufficient to enhance the humoral immune response and immune organ index in chicks.
As pessoas idosas e o sector de WASH
Authors: Cavill Sue , Chuktu Nanpet , Farrington Michelle , Hiscock Diana , Muturi Caroline , Nath Priya , Staunton Marion
Published: August 2022

Esta Nota de Reflexão explora as necessidades de WASH das pessoas idosas, tanto em contextos de desenvolvimento como de emergência, bem como o papel fundamental que as pessoas idosas desempenham na facilitação do acesso a WASH, saúde e bem-estar de outras pessoas. O artigo baseia-se nos dados que os actores de WASH recolhem sobre as pessoas idosas, a fim de compreender as suas diferentes necessidades de WASH, os obstáculos ao acesso a WASH e a necessidade de assegurar a participação das pessoas idosas, nomeadamente o seu papel activo para ajudar a encontrar as soluções.
Contemporary Orang Lom of Mapur Bangka: Religious Identity and Its Transformation
Authors: Janawi
Published: August 2022

This article investigates the construction of the religious identity of the indigenous Orang Lom of Mapur Bangka, Indonesia, and its transformation during contact with state formal religions of Indonesia. This research is ethnographically based on the observation and separate interviews involving key figures of the tribe, such as the Customary Chairperson, and the numerous members of the tribe. The result of the study indicated that Orang Lom still maintains their beliefs and the tribal cultural practice are still dominant. The contiguity between Orang Lom belief and formal religions particularly Islam has implications for non-sacred cultural practices, while sacred practices are still well preserved.
The effect of concomitant factors on the survival of elderly patients with COVID-19 with tracheostomy
Authors: Izmaylov E. P. , Ignat'ev A. S. , Vasilenko M. D.
Published: August 2022

The article examines the NCI (new coronarovirus infection) from various sides. Particular attention is paid to concomitant pathology and other factors affecting the outcome of the disease. For the first time, the article formulates criteria for the readiness of elderly patients with a new coronavirus infection to perform a tracheostomy, taking into account the state of their respiratory system. Techniques of applying a tracheostomy are presented to avoid serious complications in patients with a new coronavirus infection. A protocol of modified surgical tracheostomy has been developed that takes into account the operation at an early date, only with bronchoscopic control only under anesthesia, only by well-trained personnel, with careful pre and postoperative care.