bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar Dizziness and Vertigo: Etiologies, Diagnostic Assessment, and Treatment
Authors: Zwergal Andreas , Feil Katharina , Schniepp Roman , Strupp Michael
Published: December 2019

Cerebellar dizziness and vertigo account for approximately 10% of diagnoses in a tertiary dizziness center. This term summarizes a large group of disorders with chronic (degenerative, hereditary, acquired cerebellar ataxias), recurrent (episodic ataxias), or acute (stroke, inflammation) presentations. Key to the diagnosis is a comprehensive examination of central ocular motor and vestibular function. Patients with cerebellar dizziness and vertigo usually show a pattern of deficits in smooth pursuit, gaze-holding, saccade accuracy, or fixation-suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Central fixation nystagmus (e.g., downbeat nystagmus), gaze-evoked nystagmus, central positional nystagmus, or head-shaking nystagmus with cross-coupling (i.e., horizontal head shaking causing inappropriate vertical nystagmus) occurs frequently. Overlap syndromes with peripheral vestibular disorders, such as cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia, exist rarely. Posturography and gait analysis can contribute to diagnostic differentiation, estimation of the risk of falls, as well as quantification of progression and treatment effects. Patients with cerebellar dizziness and vertigo should receive multimodal treatment, including balance training, occupational therapy, and medication.
Body Mass Index Best Predicts Recovery of Recombinant Factor VIII in Underweight to Obese Patients with Severe Haemophilia A
Authors: Tiede Andreas , Cid Ana Rosa , Goldmann Georg , Jiménez-Yuste Victor , Pluta Michael , Lissitchkov Toshko , May Marcus , Matytsina Irina , Miljic Predrag , Pabinger Ingrid , Persson Paula
Published: December 2019

Background Factor VIII (FVIII) products are usually dosed according to body weight (BW). This may lead to under- or over-dosing in underweight or obese patients, respectively.

Objective This article evaluates the pharmacokinetics (PK) of recombinant FVIII concentrate, particularly recovery, in relation to body mass index (BMI) and other body composition descriptors.

Materials and Methods Thirty-five previously treated adults with severe haemophilia A from five BMI categories (underweight, normal, overweight, obese class I and II/III) were included. PK was evaluated after 50 IU per kilogram of BW single-dose recombinant FVIII (turoctocog alfa). The body composition variable was based on measurements of weight, height, bioimpedance analysis, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A dosing model was derived to achieve similar peak FVIII activity levels across BMI categories.

Results A statistically significant positive association between BMI and C30min, IR30min, and AUC0–inf was observed; CL and Vss showed a significant negative association with BMI; t½ was independent of BMI and other parameters. The dosing model introduced a correction factor ‘M’ for each BMI category, based on linear regression analysis of C30min against BMI, which ranged from 0.55 for underweight to 0.39 for obese class II/III. This model achieved similar peak FVIII activity levels across BMI categories, estimating an average dose adjustment of +243.3 IU (underweight) to –1,489.6 IU (obese class II/III) to achieve similar C30min.

Conclusion BMI appears to be the best predictor of recombinant FVIII recovery; however, PK endpoints were also dependent on other body composition variables. The model demonstrated that dosing can be adjusted for individual BMI to achieve better FVIII predictability across BMI categories.
Ly6CLo Monocyte/Macrophages are Essential for Thrombus Resolution in a Murine Model of Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Kimball Andrew Scott , Obi Andrea Tara , Luke Catherine E. , Dowling Abigail R. , Cai Qing , Adili Reheman , Jankowski Hannah , Schaller Matthew , Holinstadt Michael , Jaffer Farouc A. , Kunkel Steven L. , Gallagher Katherine A. , Henke Peter K.
Published: December 2019

Venous thrombosis (VT) resolution is a complex process, resembling sterile wound healing. Infiltrating blood-derived monocyte/macrophages (Mo/MΦs) are essential for the regulation of inflammation in tissue repair. These cells differentiate into inflammatory (CD11b+Ly6CHi) or proreparative (CD11b+Ly6CLo) subtypes. Previous studies have shown that infiltrating Mo/MΦs are important for VT resolution, but the precise roles of different Mo/MΦs subsets are not well understood. Utilizing murine models of stasis and stenosis inferior vena cava thrombosis in concert with a Mo/MΦ depletion model (CD11b-diphtheria toxin receptor [DTR]-expressing mice), we examined the effect of Mo/MΦ depletion on thrombogenesis and VT resolution. In the setting of an 80 to 90% reduction in circulating CD11b+Mo/MΦs, we demonstrated that Mo/MΦs are not essential for thrombogenesis, with no difference in thrombus size, neutrophil recruitment, or neutrophil extracellular traps found. Conversely, CD11b+Mo/MΦ are essential for VT resolution. Diphtheria toxoid (DTx)-mediated depletion after thrombus creation depleted primarily CD11b+Ly6CLo Mo/MΦs and resulted in larger thrombi. DTx-mediated depletion did not alter CD11b+Ly6CHi Mo/MΦ recruitment, suggesting a protective effect of CD11b+Ly6CLo Mo/MΦs in VT resolution. Confirmatory Mo/MΦ depletion with clodronate lysosomes showed a similar phenotype, with failure to resolve VT. Adoptive transfer of CD11b+Ly6CLo Mo/MΦs into Mo/MΦ-depleted mice reversed the phenotype, restoring normal thrombus resolution. These findings suggest that CD11b+Ly6CLo Mo/MΦs are essential for normal VT resolution, consistent with the known proreparative function of this subset, and that further study of Mo/MΦ subsets may identify targets for immunomodulation to accelerate and improve thrombosis resolution.
A Modified Closed-Open Approach as Part of a Graduated and Integrative Approach to Rhinoplasty
Authors: Röjdmark Jonas , Mouchammed Agko
Published: December 2019

Introduction Open versus closed approach in rhinoplasty is a frequently debated topic in aesthetic plastic surgery. Although good results can often be achieved with either technique, both have unique advantages and disadvantages. In this investigation, we present our experiences of a modified closed-open approach that has been applied on 482 complex primary and secondary rhinoplasties. Three representative cases are described in more detail.

Materials and Methods The procedure begins as a closed approach through an intracartilaginous incision allowing cephalic trimming of the lateral crura, dorsal rasping, and/or excision. Patients requiring extensive nasal tip maneuvers are subjected to exposure of the alar cartilage framework through a transcolumellar/limited marginal incision. This provides not only adequate exposure of the alar cartilages but also easy access to the septum.

Conclusion In our hands, this approach is easy and expeditious. It requires less tip dissection, and therefore may avoid the prolonged postoperative edema that is often a consequence of open or extended closed tip delivery approaches.
Feeding Outcomes for Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Discharged on Nasogastric Feeds
Authors: Matharu Preet , Cristea A. Ioana , Slaven James E. , Becker Samantha , Niehaus Jason Z.
Published: December 2019

Objective While previous studies regarding neonatal home feeding regimens have demonstrated a more favorable prognosis for nasogastric (NG) versus gastrostomy tubes (GT), institutional practices of discharge on NG feeds are varied, particularly for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Little is known regarding the risk factors for patients treated with GT postdischarge in premature infants with BPD. Our objective was to identify frequency and risk factors for treating premature infants with BPD discharged on NG feeds with GT.

Study Design In this retrospective study, we included infants born at 30 weeks’ gestational age with BPD transitioning from a tertiary care center to home on NG feeds from 2010 to 2016.

Results Of the 86 infants included in this study, 25 (29%) underwent GT placement at a median age of 264 days postdischarge. Fourteen (56%) were able to remove the GT at a median age of 979.5 days. Infants not requiring GT placement postdischarge were found to have a significantly higher ccipitofrontal circumference (p = 0.0089) and length (p = 0.0166) at discharge compared with infants with GT.

Conclusion NG feeding for infants with BPD appears to be a viable treatment with fewer patients (29%) requiring GT placement. Gestational age and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging results were found to have a significant association with GT placement postdischarge.
A Comprehensive Sequencing-Based Analysis of Allelic Methylation Patterns in Hemostatic Genes in Human Liver
Authors: Stanne Tara M. , Jern Christina , Olsson Lindvall Martina , Davila Lopez Marcela , Klasson Sofia , Hansson Lena , Nilsson Staffan
Published: December 2019

Characterizing the relationship between genetic, epigenetic (e.g., deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] methylation), and transcript variation could provide insights into mechanisms regulating hemostasis and potentially identify new drug targets. Several hemostatic factors are synthesized in the liver, yet high-resolution DNA methylation data from human liver tissue is currently lacking for these genes. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can influence DNA methylation in cis which can affect gene expression. This can be analyzed through allele-specific methylation (ASM) experiments. We performed targeted genomic DNA- and bisulfite-sequencing of 35 hemostatic genes in human liver samples for SNP and DNA methylation analysis, respectively, and integrated the data for ASM determination. ASM-associated SNPs (ASM-SNPs) were tested for association to gene expression in liver using in-house generated ribonucleic acid-sequencing data. We then assessed whether ASM-SNPs associated with gene expression, plasma proteins, or other traits relevant for hemostasis using publicly available data. We identified 112 candidate ASM-SNPs. Of these, 68% were associated with expression of their respective genes in human liver or in other human tissues and 54% were associated with the respective plasma protein levels, activity, or other relevant hemostatic genome-wide association study traits such as venous thromboembolism, coronary artery disease, stroke, and warfarin dose maintenance. Our study provides the first detailed map of the DNA methylation landscape and ASM analysis of hemostatic genes in human liver tissue, and suggests that methylation regulated by genetic variants in cis may provide a mechanistic link between noncoding SNPs and variation observed in circulating hemostatic proteins, prothrombotic diseases, and drug response.
Current Understanding and Clinical Management of Meniere's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Perez-Carpena Patricia , Lopez-Escamez Jose A.
Published: December 2019

Meniere's disease (MD) is a set of uncommon disorders with core phenotype of tinnitus, episodic vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss. MD shows a genetic predisposition and a family history is found in 10% cases, with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. It is a multifactorial condition whose onset and development are triggered by the combined effect of genetic and environmental factors. Histopathological studies have associated MD with the accumulation of endolymph in the cochlea and the vestibular organs. However, endolymphatic hydrops does not fully explain the persistence of tinnitus, hearing loss progression, or the frequency of vertigo attacks.

There are several comorbidities associated with MD, such as migraine, anxiety, autoimmune, and autoinflammatory disorders, adding more complexity to the phenotype. This “extended phenotype” can make the diagnosis and clinical management more complex, but it could also lead to a better characterization, understanding, and treatment of MD patients.

We have conducted a systematic review on MD to update current knowledge, focusing on its mechanisms, diagnosis, comorbidities, and practical management.
Risk Factors for Requiring a Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Case—Control Study
Authors: Pierce Todd P. , Kurowicki Jennifer , Kelly John J. , Issa Kimona , Festa Anthony , McInerney Vincent K. , Scillia Anthony J.
Published: December 2019

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is considered as a successful orthopaedic procedure that attempts to help patients return to their preinjury level of activity. However, some patients may need to undergo revision surgery, and this potentially may be associated with certain surgery-specific or patient risk factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the potential role of (1) demographics, (2) family history, (3) graft choice, (4) sport, and (5) mechanism of injury (contact vs. noncontact) in the risk for needing a revision ACL for improved clinical outcomes. All patients who had undergone a primary ACL reconstruction between 2012 and 2016 were identified from at a single institution. About 312 patients who had a mean age of 24 years (range, 9–62 years) and a mean follow-up of 4 years (range, 1–10). Patients were further evaluated to identify those who had a revision. There were 19 patients (6.1%) with a mean age of 22 years (range, 13–38 years) and a mean follow-up of 5 years (range, 1–10) that required a revision reconstruction. Gender ratios (p = 0.56) and mean age (p = 0.44) were similar among the cohorts. Family history of ACL reconstruction had no association with revision risk (p = 0.57). Those with tibialis anterior allografts (37 vs. 4%; p = 0.0001) and hamstring allografts (16 vs. 1%; p = 0.0001) were far more likely to undergo a revision. Bone-tendon-bone (BTB) patella autografts were less likely (26 vs. 73%; p = 0.0001). Sport did not play a role in revision with those injured playing basketball (p = 0.61), football (p = 0.52), lacrosse (p = 0.52), soccer (p = 0.83), and volleyball (p = 0.61). There were a greater percentage of contact injuries that required revision (95 vs. 77%; p = 0.07). Graft selection played a significant role in requiring revision surgery with allografts portending to higher revision rates and BTB patella autografts conferring a lower risk.
Burden of Care: Management of Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Murthy Jyotsna
Published: December 2019

Burden of care has become a commonly used terminology in healthcare in the recent years. Burden of care is the balance how much patients and families commit to their time, compromise quality of life, undergo multiple interventions, and take risks weighing against the benefits the patients and families receive. Cleft lip and palate, congenital anomaly, demands a long-term and interdisciplinary care. These children are at high risk of various treatment/intervention episodes increasing the burden of care. This subject has been widely discussed with many other diseases and health conditions at national, international meetings, and World Health Organization as well. We bring out some facts and practices affecting the burden of care in cleft lip and palate.
Hydrothermal synthesis and green up-conversion luminescence of Yb3+ and Ho3+ co-doped SrGd2(WO4)2(MoO4)2 nanocrystal
Authors: Su Ji-Yi , Zhang Xi-Yan , Li Xiang
Published: December 2019

In this investigation, the research focuses on the effect of different contents of Yb3+ and different ratios of Yb3+/Ho3+ for the luminescence properties of SrGd2(WO4)2(MoO4)2:Yb3+/Ho3+ nanocrystals. The luminescent nanocrystals were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The structure and properties of luminescent powder were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystal structure of SrGd2(WO4)2(MoO4)2:Yb3+/Ho3+ samples, which were characterized by XRD, is the tetragonal system. The particle sizes, which were observed by using SEM and TEM, are between 70 and 80 nm. The luminescence intensity was the strongest while the Yb3+ doping concentration was 6.0 mol. % and Yb3+/Ho3+ = 6:1.5. The green emission peak at 545 nm corresponds to the 5F4(5S2) → 5I8 transition of Ho3+, and the red emission peak at 651 nm corresponds to the 5F5 → 5I8 transition of Ho3+. The log-log plots of luminescence intensity and pump power revealed that red and green emission peaks were the two-photon absorption. The quantum yields of the samples were near 1.7%.
Tannin-controlled micelles and fibrils of κ-casein
Authors: Ma Wei , Tribet Christophe , Guyot Sylvain , Zanchi Dražen
Published: December 2019

Effects of green tea tannin epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) on thermal-stress-induced amyloid fibril formation of reduced carboxymethylated bovine milk protein κ-casein were studied by dynamical light scattering and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Two populations of aggregates, micelles, and fibrils dominated the time evolution of light scattering intensity and of effective hydrodynamic diameter. SAXS experiments allowed us to resolve micelles and fibrils so that the time dependence of the scattering profile revealed the structural evolution of the two populations. The low-Q scattering intensity prior to an expected increase in time due to fibril growth shows an intriguing rapid decrease, which is interpreted as the release of monomers from micelles. This phenomenon, observed both in the absence and in the presence of EGCG, indicates that under thermal stress free conditions, native monomers are converted to amyloid-prone monomers that do not form micelles. The consumption of free native monomers results in a release of native monomers from micelles because only native proteins participate in micelle-monomer (quasi)equilibrium. This release is reversible, indicating also that native-to-amyloid-prone monomer conversion is reversible as well. We show that EGCG does not bind to protein in fibrils, neither does it affect/prevent the proamyloid conversion of monomers. EGCG hinders the addition of monomers to growing fibrils. These facts allowed us to propose the kinetics model for EGCG-controlled amyloid aggregation of micellar proteins. Therein, we introduced the growth-rate inhibition function, which quantitatively accounts for the effect of EGCG on the fibril growth at any degree of thermal stress.
Development of continuous wave high voltage negative ion beam injector for tandem accelerator
Authors: Sanin A. , Belchenko Yu. , Ivanov A. , Gmyrya A.
Published: December 2019

A vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator, delivering the continuous wave 8 mA, 2 MeV proton beam, is operated regularly at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, where a 10 mA, 25 keV negative ion injector is used. Recently, a new injector with an upgraded negative ion source and beam preacceleration has been developed to increase the tandem accelerated current. The transport line of the new injector is composed of a bending magnet with 90° ion beam turn, an acceleration tube for negative ion acceleration to the energy up to 150 keV, and a 0.6 m long transport section. The H− ion beam production, its acceleration, and transport were studied at a test stand, which is equipped with electrical and optical diagnostics. The data on 14 mA, 133 keV continuous wave negative ion beam production and transport are presented. The undesirable coacceleration of secondary electrons, produced in the acceleration tube, was recorded as well. The coaccelerated electrons’ current contributed up to 2% of the total accelerated beam at the operational vacuum in the low energy beam transport. The coaccelerated electrons were removed from the beam with a magnetic filter. The numerical modeling of the beam transport was carried out. A reasonable agreement between the modeled and experimental data was obtained.
Variational control forces for enhanced sampling of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Das Avishek , Limmer David T.
Published: December 2019

We introduce a variational algorithm to estimate the likelihood of a rare event within a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation through the evaluation of an optimal control force. Optimization of a control force within a chosen basis is made possible by explicit forms for the gradients of a cost function in terms of the susceptibility of driven trajectories to changes in variational parameters. We consider probabilities of time-integrated dynamical observables as characterized by their large deviation functions and find that in many cases, the variational estimate is quantitatively accurate. Additionally, we provide expressions to exactly correct the variational estimate that can be evaluated directly. We benchmark this algorithm against the numerically exact solution of a model of a driven particle in a periodic potential, where the control force can be represented with a complete basis. We then demonstrate the utility of the algorithm in a model of repulsive particles on a line, which undergo a dynamical phase transition, resulting in singular changes to the form of the optimal control force. In both systems, we find fast convergence and are able to evaluate large deviation functions with significant increases in statistical efficiency over alternative Monte Carlo approaches.
Progress towards a phenomenological picture and theoretical understanding of glassy dynamics and vitrification near interfaces and under nanoconfinement
Authors: Schweizer Kenneth S. , Simmons David S.
Published: December 2019

The nature of alterations to dynamics and vitrification in the nanoscale vicinity of interfaces—commonly referred to as “nanoconfinement” effects on the glass transition—has been an open question for a quarter century. We first analyze experimental and simulation results over the last decade to construct an overall phenomenological picture. Key features include the following: after a metrology- and chemistry-dependent onset, near-interface relaxation times obey a fractional power law decoupling relation with bulk relaxation; relaxation times vary in a double-exponential manner with distance from the interface, with an intrinsic dynamical length scale appearing to saturate at low temperatures; the activation barrier and vitrification temperature Tg approach bulk behavior in a spatially exponential manner; and all these behaviors depend quantitatively on the nature of the interface. We demonstrate that the thickness dependence of film-averaged Tg for individual systems provides a poor basis for discrimination between different theories, and thus we assess their merits based on the above dynamical gradient properties. Entropy-based theories appear to exhibit significant inconsistencies with the phenomenology. Diverse free-volume-motivated theories vary in their agreement with observations, with approaches invoking cooperative motion exhibiting the most promise. The elastically cooperative nonlinear Langevin equation theory appears to capture the largest portion of the phenomenology, although important aspects remain to be addressed. A full theoretical understanding requires improved confrontation with simulations and experiments that probe spatially heterogeneous dynamics within the accessible 1-ps to 1-year time window, minimal use of adjustable parameters, and recognition of the rich quantitative dependence on chemistry and interface.
Magnetic and structural transitions in EuAg4As2 studied using 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy
Authors: Ryan D. H. , Bud’ko Sergey L. , Hu Chaowei , Ni N.
Published: December 2019

151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy confirms that the europium in EuAg4As2 is fully divalent and that the spectrum at 5 K consists of a single, sharp magnetic pattern with a hyperfine field (Bhf) of 27.1(1) T and an isomer shift of −11.04(3) mm/s (relative to EuF3). The temperature dependence of the spectra shows that the ordering of the Eu moments proceeds via an incommensurate sine modulated structure starting at 15 K. The structure squares up below 9 K. A search for charge density or phonon softening signatures at the 120 K structural transition was not successful.
Spike time dependent plasticity (STDP) enabled learning in spiking neural networks using domain wall based synapses and neurons
Authors: Sahu Upasana , Pandey Aadit , Goyal Kushaagra , Bhowmik Debanjan
Published: December 2019

We have implemented a Spiking Neural Network (SNN) architecture using a combination of spin orbit torque driven domain wall devices and transistor based peripheral circuits as both synapses and neurons. Learning in the SNN hardware is achieved both under completely unsupervised mode and partially supervised mode through mechanisms, incorporated in our spintronic synapses and neurons, that have biological plausibility, e.g., Spike Time Dependent Plasticity (STDP) and homoeostasis. High classification accuracy is obtained on the popular Iris dataset for both modes of learning.
Development of high resolution programmable oversampling MI sensor system with 32-bit ADC for multi-channel bio-magnetic measurements
Authors: Ma J. , Yang Z. , Uchiyama T.
Published: December 2019

In order to further improving noise performance and achieving higher spatial resolution for bio-magnetic sensing, there is a tendency to develop a multi-channel integrated system for micro magnetic sensors. In this study, we have developed a high resolution programmable oversampling MI sensor system, as a unit module for multi-channel integrated bio-sensor system, based on Pk-pk VD-type MI magnetometer. We have achieved a high field detection sensitivity with good linearity, and a noise level lower than 1 pT/Hz1/2, by utilizing the time-differential measurement in each MI element for suppressing the low frequency noise components and increasing the stability of sensor system. Meanwhile, the proposed MI sensor system can be easily enlarged into multi-channel system, and is more suitable for integration and mass production. Furthermore, we have successfully achieved the real time R peak and T wave measurements of magnetocardiography (MCG) via new MI sensor system, with a high real time signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of about 20 dB. We have at the first time achieved the clear P wave measurements of MCG using MI sensor, in an unshielded environment. The real time MCG measurements via new MI sensor system at room temperature, in an unshielded environment, will contribute to the diagnosis of heart disease.
Transformation of an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse in the process of its propagation through a large laboratory plasma
Authors: Gushchin M. E. , Korobkov S. V. , Strikovskiy A. V. , Aidakina N. A. , Zudin I. Yu. , Terekhin V. A. , Terekhin A. V. , Soldatov A. V. , Belov A. S.
Published: December 2019

The transformation of a subnanosecond ultrawideband electromagnetic pulse (UWB EMP) in a large-volume transparent plasma has been demonstrated experimentally using a large-scale KROT plasma device. The column of the plasma generated in the device chamber has a length of more than 4 m and a diameter of more than 1 m. This allows one to implement the regime of quasiuniform ionization, which is necessary to simulate UWB EMP propagation through the ionosphere. It is shown that the length of the wave propagation path in the plasma is sufficient for dispersion transformation of the pulse retaining the envelope of its frequency spectrum.
Mediation of resonance energy transfer by two polarisable particles
Authors: Salam A.
Published: December 2019

The molecular quantum electrodynamics theory is employed to calculate the matrix element and Fermi golden rule rate for resonant transfer of electronic excitation energy between a donor and an acceptor in the vicinity of two neutral electric dipole polarizable particles, which play the role of bridging species. The emitter and absorber couple linearly to the electric displacement field via their electric dipole moments, while each mediator interacts quadratically with this field through its dynamic polarizability. This form of interaction Hamiltonian enables fourth-order perturbation theory to be used to compute the probability amplitude together with summation over 24 time-ordered diagrams representing a single virtual photon exchange between each pair of coupled particles. Expressions for the migration rate mediated by two inert molecules are obtained for an arbitrary arrangement of the four species that are in fixed mutual orientation or are freely tumbling. These formulae are valid for all interparticle separation distances outside the orbital overlap region. From the general result, rate equations applicable to an equidistant collinear configuration of the four bodies are evaluated. Near- and far-zone limiting forms of the transfer rate for the relay pathway are also calculated and exhibit inverse sixth and inverse square dependences on relative separation distances between pairs of particles, confirming the short-range (radiationless) and long-range (radiative) energy transfer mechanisms associated with two-body theory. The distance behavior of interference terms between two-, three-, and four-body terms is also examined, and the relative importance of each contribution to the total transfer rate is discussed.
Simulation method of Wolter type I grazing incidence telescope imaging of an X-ray region
Authors: Liu Peng , Chen Bo , Zhang Ya-Chao , He Ling-Ping , Wang Xiao-Dong
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a method for simulating Wolter type I grazing incidence telescope imaging of an X-ray region. The imaging quality of a soft X-ray telescope is mainly affected by geometric aberrations, surface scatter and alignment errors. Using a Legendre-Fourier polynomial to fit the figure errors in the cylindrical coordinate system, the geometry of the mirror barrel with the figure errors can be modeled by the User Defined Object in ZEMAX. Based on the Harvey-Shack surface scatter theory, surface scatter is achieved by the Bidirectional Scatter Distribution Function (BSDF) scattering model. The alignment errors are calculated by a combination of experiment and simulation according to the shape of the spot resulting from the finite distance imaging experiment. By combining these factors that affect image quality, the telescope imaging of an infinity point is simulated by ZEMAX. According to the simulation results, the angular resolution of the telescope is calculated to be less than or equal to 1.86′ at a wavelength of 1.33 nm. The simulation method improves the ability of ZEMAX to simulate grazing incidence telescope imaging. This is of great significance for the research and manufacture of X-ray grazing incidence telescopes.
Calibration of X-ray telescope prototypes at PANTER
Authors: Liao Ying-Yu , Shen Zheng-Xiang , Yu Jun , Huang Qiu-Shi , Ma Bin , Zhang Zhong , Wang Xiao-Qiang , Wang Kun , Xie Chun , Burwitz Vadim , Hartner Gisela , Caria Marlis-Madeleine La , Pelliciari Carlo , Wang Zhan-Shan
Published: December 2019

We report on a ground X-ray calibration of two X-ray telescope prototypes at the PANTER X-ray Test Facility, operated by the Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, in Neuried, Germany. The X-ray telescope prototypes were developed by the Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE) of Tongji University, in a conical Wolter-I configuration, using thermal glass slumping technology. Prototype #1 with three layers and Prototype #2 with 21 layers were tested to assess the prototypes’ on-axis imaging performance. The measurement of Prototype #1 indicates a Half Power Diameter (HPD) of 82″ at 1.49 keV. As for Prototype #2, we performed more comprehensive measurements of on-axis angular resolution and effective area at several energies ranging from 0.5–10 keV. The HPD and effective area are 111″ and 39 cm2 at 1.49 keV, respectively, at which energy the on-axis performance of the prototypes is our greatest concern.
Broken-up spectra of the loop-top hard X-ray source during a solar limb flare
Authors: Ning Hao , Chen Yao , Lee Jeongwoo , Wu Zhao , Su Yang , Kong Xiang-Liang
Published: December 2019

Solar hard X-rays (HXRs) appear in the form of either footpoint sources or coronal sources. Each individual source provides its own critical information on acceleration of nonthermal electrons and plasma heating. Earlier studies found that the HXR emission in some events manifests a broken-up power-law spectrum, with the break energy around a few hundred keV based on spatially-integrated spectral analysis, and it does not distinguish the contributions from individual sources. In this paper, we report on the broken-up spectra of a coronal source studied using HXR data recorded by Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) during the SOL2017–09–10T16:06 (GOES class X8.2) flare. The flare occurred behind the western limb and its footpoint sources were mostly occulted by the disk. We could clearly identify such broken-up spectra pertaining solely to the coronal source during the flare peak time and after. Since a significant pileup effect on the RHESSI spectra is expected for this intense solar flare, we have selected the pileup correction factor, p = 2. In this case, we found the resulting RHESSI temperature (∼30 MK) to be similar to the GOES soft X-ray temperature and break energies of 45–60 keV. Above the break energy, the spectrum hardens with time from spectral index of 3.4 to 2.7, and the difference in spectral indices below and above the break energy increases from 1.5 to 5 with time. However, we note that when p = 2 is assumed, a single power-law fitting is also possible with the RHESSI temperature higher than the GOES temperature by ∼10 MK. Possible scenarios for the broken-up spectra of the loop-top HXR source are briefly discussed.
Application of lime and compost on the newly established field with acid sulfate soil type in the Belandean experimental field, South Kalimantan for agricultural cultivation
Authors: Santri J A , Maas A , Utami S N H , Yusuf W A
Published: December 2019

The use of acid sulfate soils for agricultural cultivation is constrained by due to the oxidation process of pyrite (FeS), increasing the solubility of Al and Fe, which causes the pH to be more acidic. The specific strategy needed to utilize acid sulfate soil is through calcification technology combined with in situ organic materials. This study used lime at dose determined by the incubation method and organic materials from composted grey sedge plants, rice straw, and cow dung. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of organic matter on improving the chemical properties of acid sulfate soils. This research was arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of control (K0), lime without organic matter (K1), lime and organic matter (K2), and organic matter without lime (K3). The results showed that the application administration of organic matter combined with lime was able to increase the pH and available cations. The highest pH was 4.79 obtained after 14 days of incubation, and the lowest pH was observed in the control treatment, which was 3.47. The highest electrical conductivity (EC) value (76.50 μS) was observed in the K2 treatment, and the lowest EC value was observed in the K0 treatment (92.40 μS). The highest Eh value was found in the K0 treatment, reaching 274.5 mV, and the lowest was observed in K3 treatment, reaching 157.1 mV. There was a positive correlation between pH and EC and a negative correlation between pH and Eh with a value of r = 0.77 ** and r = -0.69 *, respectively.
Chemical characteristics of organic-based liquid inoculant of Bacillus spp
Authors: Hindersah R , Setiawati M R , Fitriatin B N , Suryatmana P , Asmiran P
Published: December 2019

Bacillus is an important soil rhizobacteria of many food crops and utilized as active substance in biofertilizer due to plant growth promoting activity. The objective of this research was to identify nutrient’s profiles and composition of primary and secondary metabolites in organic-based liquid inoculant of Bacillus spp. Proximate and molecular analysis had been carried out in laboratory by using standard method. The results verified that liquid inoculant contained organic carbon of 2.02%; small quantity of nitrogen, phosphor, potassium; and micronutrients iron and zinc. Heavy metals included lead, cadmium and chromium were detected in small amount, under the threshold level of heavy metal in organic fertilizer. The composition of primary metabolites in liquid inoculant was 0.31% of carbohydrate, 0.17% of protein, and 0.08% of lipid. The phytohormone of Indole Acetic Acid, gibberellin and cytokinin; as well as organic acids were detected in significant amount. This study suggests that consortia of Bacillus spp. enabled to synthesize phytohormone, organic acid, and exopolysaccharide which are important to promote plant growth.
Microbe population in biofertilizer with vermicompost as a carrier during the process and storage
Authors: Ulina W A S Nur , Sahar A , Rauf A , Sembiring M , Munir E , Sabrina T
Published: December 2019

The main problem with biofertilizer is a short storage life. Carrier materials of biofertilizer include determinants of quality and storage life. This study measured the ability of vermicompost to be used as a carrier of biofertilizers from various beneficial microbes. The study used a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the worm and microbial application technique consisting of 4 treatments: no worm; worm applied one week after applying microbes; microbial and worm applications were applied simultaneously and microbes applied one week after applying worm. The second factor was the type of beneficial microbes consisting of 4 treatments: Azospirillum sp; Azotobacter chroococcum; Trichoderma asperellum G strains and Talaromyces pinophilus. The results obtained that after 3 and 6 weeks incubation the highest population was found at T.pinophilus (59.5-210.5×1010 CFU mL−1) and at A. chroococcum (83.5-190.5×1010 CFU mL−1, respectively. After 1 year storage, the population of A.chroococum in the carrier biovermi decreased to 50 - 90×105 CFU mL−1, T. asperellum 60 - 210 ×106 CFU mL−1 and Azospirillum 75×107 - 32×108 CFU mL−1, while T.pinophilus 60 ×106 - 45×108 CFU mL−1.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza increased N, P, K, and Fe uptake, growth and yield of vegetables grown on Andisols with different rates of NPK fertilizers
Authors: Mbusango A , Nurbaity A , Fitriatin B N , Solihin M A , Istifadah N
Published: December 2019

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a biological fertilizer that can function as an ameliorant which capable in increasing plant growth and yield of plants. Some vegetables such as kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown in Indonesia using substantial amount of NPK lettuce which has an impact on land degradation. The aim of this experiment were to determine whether AMF application technology can reduce the use of NPK application and can increase nutrient uptake of N, P, K, Fe, growth and yield of kangkong and lettuce grown on Andisols. This experiment was carried out at Screen House in Lembang District, West Java. This study used an experimental method with split plot design with two levels and three replications and applied on two types of vegetable plants. The main plot was AMF application (without and with AMF) and sub plot was various dosages of NPK (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) of recommended dosages. Results of this study indicated that the application of AMF increased nutrient uptakes, growth and yield of vegetables. The AMF showed highest values at a dosages of 50% NPK, in terms of parameters of plant height, leaf number, N, P, K uptakes, chlorophyll contents, fresh root weights, root lengths and total mycorrhizal root lengths. Consequently, AMF was effective at low NPK dosages and was able to reduce the use of NPK dosages up to 50%. In conclusion, AMF has potential to be used in sustainable agriculture system
Phosphate-solubilizing bacterial activity and their effect to rice growth in acid sulphate soil
Authors: Lestari Y , Annisa W
Published: December 2019

Efficiency of P fertilization in acid sulphate soil for rice cultivation can be improved by phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) application. This study aims was to observe the capability of PSB disolved P insoluble and their effects on rice growth in acid sulphate soils at different level of P-fertilizer. PSB isolates namely P17.4.1, P17.4.2, P21.4.1 were observed their ability to dissolve tricalcium phosphate, aluminum phosphate and rock phosphate in liquid pikovskaya medium. The three PSB isolates were also examined for their effects on rice growth at different level of P-fertilizer (without fertilizer, 30 kg.ha−1. 45 kg.ha−1 and 60 kg.ha−1 P2O5) in pot experiment. The result showed that PSB were observed able to dissolve tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate but were unable to dissolve aluminium phosphate. The pot experiment, showed that application of PSB and their interaction with P-fertilizer is not significantly influenced rice plant growth. Rice plant height and shoot dry weight are significantly influenced by application of P-fertilizer. The average of plant height in application P-fertilizer 30 kg.ha−1, 45 kg.ha−1 and 60 kg.ha−1 P2O5 increased 4.19 cm; 3.63 cm and 3.39 cm respectively compared with control. The shoot dry weight given 60 kg.ha−1 P2O5 increased by 52.13%.
Effectiveness of ameliorant and fertilizer on improving soil fertility, growth and yields of red chili in degraded peatland
Authors: Maftu’ah E , Susilawati A , Hayati A
Published: December 2019

The research was carried out on degraded peat land in Kalampangan village, Sebangau District, Palangkaraya, from June to October 2017. The treatments given were factor I; Types of ameliorant material (A1;100% cow manure, A2;50% cow manure+50% biochar, A3;50% cow manure+50% compost from weed in situ, A4; 50% cow manure+50% ash from weeds in situ), and factor II; Dosage of NPK fertilization (D0; without NPK, D1;50% of recommended dose; D2;100% of recommended dose, D3;150% recommended dose). The treatment was arranged in a factorial randomized block design (RBD), and repeated 3 times. Observation variables include the soil pH and P-available, The number of fruit per plant, the weight of chili and chili yields. The results showed that the highest soil pH was indicated by A4D1 treatment. However, the highest soil P indicated by the A4D3 treatment, as well as for the highest chilli yield indicated by A4D3 treatment reached 19 t/ha or increased 6% from the recommended dose (18 t/ha) on the same ameliorant treatment (A4), and increased up to 43% compared to the ameliorant A1 (100% cow manure) on the same dose of NPK fertilizer.
Improvement of waste water quality to increase planting index in acid sulphate soil of Central Kalimantan
Authors: Annisa W , Setiawati E
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to determine the water return effect through the application of formulas from isolates of the bacterium Thiobacillus ferroxidan in increasing the crop index in acid sulphate soil. This research was carried out during two planting seasons in the tidal swampland based on hydrological units and overflow types with crop production in MT 1 and MT 2. This study used the split plot design with main plots the water management system, namely: (1) control with an open water system (leaching); (2) inoculant formulas with closed systems (no leaching); (3) without formula with a closed system (no leaching). Subplots were types of organic materials, namely: (1) control; (2) multi organic compost; (3) farmer patterns; (4) rice husk biochar + multi organic compost. The results showed that application of Thiobacillus ferroxidan in waste channels in acid sulphate soil effectively improved wastewater quality by increasing the pH value of wastewater by 13.09%. The returning water through the application of formulas from isolates of ferroxidan in sewage can increase the crop index to IP ≥200 in acid sulphate soil and rice yields of 20.94% dry grain in the first planting season and yield of corn shelled by 34.57% in the second season.
Effect of beneficial soil microbes and inorganic fertilizers on soil nitrogen, chlorophyll and yield of upland rice on Ultisols
Authors: Fitriatin B N , Nabila M E. , Sofyan E T. , Yuniarti A , Turmuktini T
Published: December 2019

The beneficial soil microbes influence plant growth and soil quality. The soil microbes include phosphate solubilizing microbes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The experiments had been conducted to investigate the application of phosphate-solubilizing mircrobes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria and N, P, K fertilizers on soil nitrogen (N), chlorophyll and yield of upland rice on Ultisols. This experiment arranged in a factorial Randomized Block Design, consisted of two factors with three replications. The first factor consisted of beneficial soil microbes, which were without soil microbes; with microbial consortia 1(Pseudomonas mallei, P. cepaceae, Aspergillus nigerandPenicillium sp., Azotobacter chroococum, Azospirillum sp.);with microbial consortia 2(Azotobacter choroococum, A. viilandii, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas cepaceae, PenicilliumandAcitenobacter); and mixed of mcrobial consortia 1+2. The second factor were NPK fertilizers with four levels (100%, 75%, 50% and 25% dosage of recomendation). The results showed that the application of the beneficial soil microbes and N, P, K fertilizers didn’t improve soil N, chlorophyll content and yield upland rice on Ultisols.
Effect of sago palm waste compost and SP-36 fertilizer against fractionation of P on Ultisols
Authors: Kaya E , Putinella J A , Puturuhu F.
Published: December 2019

Ultisol is a marginal type of soil that is acidic, which is mostly cultivated for agricultural areas. Nevertheless this type of soil has many obstacles, especially from the chemical and physical properties of the soil. Some of the chemical constraints faced in the use of Ultisol soil include: low soil pH (acidic soil reaction), nutrient content especially low P nutrients and high interchangeable Al concentrations. High interchangeable Al can bind P to form Al-P (Strengit) compounds so that the P concentration in the soil solution is reduced and consequently plants lack P, besides that high metal content can poison / cause toxicity to plants so that plant growth becomes unfavorable. One effort to increase P soil solution and reduce P stability is the application of P fertilizer, but it must be accompanied by organic matter. Giving organic material to acid soils can produce organic acids that are capable of chelating Al metal so that P will be released from soil solubility and available in soil solution. The research was conducted in the laboratory analysis of soil, water and plants, as well as greenhouse Faperta Unpatti Ambon, which lasted from March - November, 2011. This study used a complete randomized design with 2 factors factorial pattern consisting of the first factor is the maturity of Sago pith Waste compost and the second factor is the phosphate fertilizer (SP-36). Other research results indicate that administration of sago pith waste Compost can independently reduce Fe-P compounds. Granting SP-36 can independently reduce Fe-P compounds. Provision of compost ell sago together with SP-36 can increase the Ca-P compounds from 17.87 to 38.53 ppm, and Al-P compounds decrease from 35.00 to 16.67 ppm.