bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet Strategy As An Opportunity And Challenge For Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Avornicului Mihály Szilárd , Forman Norbert , Szabó László
Published: May 2023

Small and medium-sized enterprises play a decisive role in increasing the competitiveness of the economy. The European Union strives to create a favorable business environment for them. Considering either Romania or Hungary, more than 94% of the entire corporate sector is made up of small and medium-sized enterprises. In our century, computer technology seeped into the Internet almost unnoticed. The innovations brought by computer technology have a great impact on businesses as well. The focus of the study is an (internet) strategy that provides new opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises. Today, we can almost say that there is no separate "Internet strategy", just simply strategy, since computing technology is everywhere, it is difficult to separate it from sales, marketing and other company functions. The corporate strategy defines the company's (organization, enterprise) long-term (shorter-term, depending on market conditions) goals, the methods, tools, and opportunities necessary to achieve them, which determine its scope of operation. Related to this is the process of strategic planning, which considers, evaluates and decides on the programs and projects that must be implemented in order to achieve the set goals. The corporate strategy is the set of concepts that designate the company's long-term goals, allocate resources to the goals to the extent necessary to achieve them, determine the directions of development, and the framework for the realization of the goals. In a fortunate case, the strategy is based on the company's core values, it is in line with the company's mission, i.e. the mission, the company's self-definition in the present, and the company's vision, the company's future self-definition. The majority of company managers do not see the different cloud services as well-founded and risk-free enough to use them to meet the company's needs. In the study, we review the various cloud services, as well as their challenges and opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Blockchain in Practice?
Authors: Szabó László , Forman Norbert , Avornicului Mihály Szilárd
Published: May 2023

The digital future has reached a new milestone and brought major changes to industries. Blockchain technology has taken centre stage in recent years. The range of blockchain and distributed ledger technologies (DLT) has great potential to create an infrastructure for reliable, decentralised and unmediated services beyond the financial sector. In logistics, blockchain-centric solutions are being sought to perform infocommunications activities with distributed databases. Business users expect a leap in efficiency and speed in the execution of their daily processes. Blockchains can be used to take digitisation and monitoring to a higher level. However, the question is how this can be used in everyday life. How to acquire the right digital competences, how to make complex systems. We can see that ICT is also making progress in the field of education. It is important to build and develop digital competences. The European Union has also recognised the importance of this area and has launched a testing system. In this paper, we briefly describe the functioning of the blockchain. We will show that it can be used in many areas of the economy. We will also touch upon education in the ICT field with a special focus on digital education. Finally, the future expectations of the European Union are outlined.
Application of mathematical models for predicting the trihalomethanes content in drinking water in the city of Kumanova, North Macedonia
Authors: Durmishi Bujar H. , Durmishi Arbana , Reka Arianit A. , Shabani Agim
Published: May 2023

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are created as a result of the reaction between chlorine used to disinfect drinking water and natural organic matter in water. At high levels, THMs have been associated with cancer. As a consequence, THMs must be constantly monitored. They are mainly determined by the method of gas chromatography, which is a more difficult procedure and at a higher cost. In recent years, however, mathematical models have been used to predict THMs. These models work by measuring some physico-chemical parameters of drinking water, those values ​​of these parameters are replaced in mathematical models and the THMs content in drinking water can be predicted. The main purpose of this paper was to predict the content of THMs in the drinking water of the city of Kumanova. The measured parameters were: temperature, residual chlorine, pH, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen, total dissolved solids and chlorides. Measurements were made during the spring season 2022 in the four sampling points. Ten mathematical models were used for prediction and of them the average value with standard deviation of THM was 26.9532 ± 10.03 μg/L. From the result we can conclude that content of THM does not pose a risk to the health of the population.
Building partial 3D models of cultural monuments
Authors: Takáč Ondrej , Annuš Norbert , Štempeľová Iveta , Dancsa Daniel
Published: May 2023

"Contemporary society does not value the cultural heritage of its ancestors", is often heard. But this is not always due to people's reluctance and indifference. There are also objective reasons. Many cultural monuments cannot be maintained because of property rights and other intentions of the owners, sometimes because of lack of funds or because of political reasons - after the change of political regime there is no longer a strong motivation to protect and maintain the cultural monuments of the past regime. These monuments are slowly disappearing and are inevitably being gnawed by the ravages of time. This situation has not been helped by the COVID 19 pandemic, and it is not helped by the current post-pandemic era. The modern age and the modern technologies it has brought with it, even in the area of heritage protection, can be of great help to us. Everyday devices such as mobile phones, tablets and other ICT devices, which can be used to create 3D models without the need for professional equipment, are a good tool for preserving cultural heritage in digital form for an almost indefinite period of time. Therefore, this possibility is becoming accessible to the general public, even to individuals. We are already witnessing a rapid expansion of computer science and it can therefore be assumed (as our own experience has already taught us) that what we cannot currently complete or process perfectly, we may be able to do in the future. It therefore makes sense to address this issue. It is not always necessary to create a perfect model of a large building, but sometimes it is enough to preserve, for example, one wall, a fresco or a part of a real monument. And this is the area we will focus on in our paper.
Factors of Faculty Job Satisfaction in the Tertiary Travel Education: A Global Pandemic Scenario
Authors: Bari Md. Fakhrudoza , Islam Md. Aminul
Published: May 2023

During this global pandemic, people in different sectors are really passing hectic days with mental and physical illness especially teachers or faculties who are providing online education at the tertiary level. This paper aims at finding the factors associated with job satisfaction for them. We discussed the job satisfaction attributes by using a regression model with factors analysis. For doing this research, we collected data from private and public universities in Bangladesh through Google form and analyzed the data with SPSS 26.0. The factors that we found through literature review include Monetary factors, Professional development factors, Physical factors, and psychological factors. We found that these factors have a direct impact on job satisfaction for teachers at tertiary level especially in this global pandemic and found our model significant. This paper will be helpful for the university authority to take proper steps to enhance the job satisfaction for faculties.
The parable of the animus: The Prince with the Sad Eyes
Authors: Ahmetagić Jasmina
Published: May 2023

In The Prince with the Sad Eyes, the short story that we will here interpret as a parable in the context of Jung's theory of archetypes, Andrić shows a woman torn between her real and idealized partner, and her suffering as a consequence of a lack of discernment in the matters of the heart, a lack of self-knowledge, and most of all, the influences of the archetypes of the collective unconscious - the animus and the shadow. Andrić thematizes projection as a psychological mechanism of falling in love, which rules interpersonal relationships in other contexts, too. Through this woman's infatuation with the prince, Andrić sheds light on phenomena that take place between men and women every day: projecting, expecting, and disappointment experienced as betrayal. One cannot live with the animus, the archetypal figure responsible for falling in love: once a relationship becomes reality (sexuality is here a metonymic replacement for the whole of their real life, the reality of a relationship) all projections start disappearing and in most cases, are replaced with their negative counterpart, as archetypes are essentially dual in meaning. In a parable about the permanent misunderstanding between sexes in the process of falling in love, Andrić uses biblical signals (the tree of knowledge, miraculous healing, the genre of the parable) to point to the wrongness of the depicted world, that is the imaginary heaven, pursued in the wrong way and in the wrong place.
Mythological narrative in video games as a form of media promotion of culture
Authors: Baltezarević Borivoje , Baltezarević Vesna
Published: May 2023

With the advent of digital media, a new game platform has been created that moves from the real environment to the virtual space. The application of modern technology and the Internet led to the creation of platforms dedicated to video games and the appearance of virtual players. Considering that we cannot see the game only as entertainment, but also as a medium that leads to social gathering, the game is also recognized as a tool for the promotion of various social values. The narrative of the video game directs the players to simultaneously educate themselves through the game, improve themselves and, through interaction with other players, change their identity and adopt different cultural values. Narratives based on the mythology of a nation become a medium for "storytelling" and the promotion of national culture.
The ethics of rebellion in Miroslav Krleža's The Great Master of All Scoundrels
Authors: Korunović Goran
Published: May 2023

The paper interpreted the formation of the phenomenon of rebellion in Krleža's novella The Great Master of All Scoundrels. The focus of the interpretation was the inner transformation of the main character, Ljubo Kraljević. The trajectory of his consciousness was analyzed, from the refusal of responsibility for social events to the ambivalent state that unites the revolutionary ethos and the state of impotence. In this transformation of the main protagonist's consciousness, an important role plays the typical expressionistic visionary state of the subject. A special aspect of the interpretation represents the examination of the ethical implications of the main character's rebellious standpoint. Ljubo Kraljević places himself in the center of the decentralized modern world and, after paranoid states, at the end of the novella he comes to the idea of "divine violence", at the same time not leaving the position of a victim of the social order. In the novella, Krleža actually shapes a subject who, although reaches a specific revolutionary ethic, is left without ways and practices to overcome his subordinate position in the social hierarchy.
Archaic architectural foundations of the former churches from the area of today's Yimok diocese in the Black River (Crna Reka) area
Authors: Janjić Dragana , Janićijević Goran
Published: May 2023

Although our theoretical consideration of the former churches in the area of Crna Reka is based exclusively on the analysis of the foundations of the churches and indirect observations and analogies, the hitherto sporadic interpretations, based on tradition, are thereby called into question. The historical context, therefore, is important for the goals of recontextualizing the mentioned monuments as well as the continuity of church life. As the thesis was presented that the mentioned two churches belong to the Middle Byzantine period, this issue becomes significant for the assessment of the continuity of Christian culture in the area of Crna Reka. All this points to the need for additional research through archaeological excavations, as well as the historical contextualization of the subject of research. Therefore, our research can be understood as a step in that direction.
Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court over crimes committed on the territory of Afghanistan
Authors: Radmanović Jelena
Published: May 2023

The subject of this paper is the territorial and personal aspects of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court regarding crimes committed on the territory or in connection with the armed conflict on the territory of Afghanistan. In 2020, the International Criminal Court determined that the conditions had been met for initiating an investigation into crimes committed in Afghanistan, or in connection with the armed conflict in Afghanistan. The paper is based on the analysis of positive regulations in the field of public international law and international criminal law, as well as linking the relevant provisions with the circumstances under which crimes were committed on the territory of Afghanistan and drawing conclusions about the fulfillment of necessary conditions for initiating criminal proceedings before the International Criminal Court. The result of the analysis leads to the conclusion that the conditions have been met for initiating an investigation into crimes committed in Afghanistan or in connection with the armed conflict on the territory of Afghanistan. The initiation of an investigation is particularly important in the context of the withdrawal of US military forces and the Taliban's takeover of power in Afghanistan. Namely, there is a real possibility that the newly formed government in Afghanistan will not be willing to cooperate with the prosecution and provide the necessary evidence related to the crimes in question, which directly affects the importance of conducting proceedings before the International Criminal Court.
The request for the protection of legality: Theoretical and practical aspects
Authors: Stanković Jelena
Published: May 2023

In this article, the author has examined an extraordinary legal remedy which is the last defence of legality, the request for the protection of legality in the positive criminal procedure legislation of the Republic of Serbia. The principle of legality is one of the foundational principles of the legal system, which also helps to achieve the basic purpose of criminal procedure, i.e., that no innocent person is convicted and that perpetrators are sentenced under the conditions prescribed by criminal law based on a legal and fairly conducted procedure (Article 1, paragraph 1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Serbia). In this manner, the request for the protection of legality, as an extraordinary legal remedy, gains in importance. The subject of the article is an analysis of the theoretical conceptions and positive law solutions in the criminal procedure legislation of the Republic of Serbia, as well as the application of the request for the protection of legality in practice, bearing in mind that the request for the protection of legality has undergone the most significant changes, some of which have raised contentious issues, and in such a situation judicial practice deserves special attention because it will play a key role.
Similarities and differences in the issuance of securities and digital assets: The issue of legal responsibility of legal responsibility of the issuer
Authors: Sovilj Ranko
Published: May 2023

The evolution of the financial market has given rise to new instruments of trade - digital assets. Considering the diversity and inhomogeneity of digital assets, the author analysed the legal position of digital tokens compared to that of securities, including their resembling features. Therefore, in the first part of the paper, the author analyses the issuance of digital assets. The central part of the paper is dedicated to a critical review and analysis of the issuer's legal responsibility for a faulty or deficient prospectus, that is, a white paper, with particular reference to the network of (passively) responsible individuals. Hence, this research aims to highlight the similarities and differences accompanying the issuance of securities and digital assets (tokens). Finally, using the normative and comparative method, the author concludes that despite the many advantages of legalizing the issuance and secondary trading of digital assets, the issuance of digital tokens is accompanied by risks and certain inequalities compared to the issuance of securities.
Some legal dilemmas regarding the moratorium on employment in the public sector
Authors: Radovanović Danica
Published: May 2023

In 2013, the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia passed amendments to the Budget System Law prescribing the measure of the moratorium on employment in public services. The implementation of this measure was directed towards controlling (i.e. cutting) expenses and reducing the number of employees in the organizations financed from the government budget. Despite the analysis of the measure under scrutiny pointing out a lack of systematic, argumented and reliable reports and objective analyses of both positive and negative consequences of this decision, it appears that its application was associated with more negative consequences than positive ones whilst the largest and most significant effects were suffered by the sectors of healthcare, social protection and education. In addition, the negative consequences of the measure had a direct impact on women and young members of the workforce. The extension of this measure, in several iterations, has manifested itself through significant obstacles in the provision of services as well as a reduction in the quality of these services. Therefore, it is worthwhile to examine the content and the consequences of the application of the measure of the moratorium on public employment, certain legal dilemmas in relation to it, as well as whether the autonomy of public services has been restored following its repeal.
The principle of mortgage extensiveness with regard to buildings and separate parts of immovable property under construction
Authors: Jotanović Radenko , Čubrilović-Stamenić Bosiljka
Published: May 2023

In accordance with the principle of legal unity of immovable property, immovable property consists of parcels of land and everything permanently connected to it, whether on the surface or underground. The reform of the system of real property law in the Republic of Srpska established the legal unity of immovable property between land, building, and separate parts of immovable property, making the owners of separate parts of immovable property (co)owners of the entire immovable property (land and building). Immovable property, which is identified with land, is the object of property rights and the object of a mortgage. In accordance with the principle of extensiveness, a mortgage exists with respect to immovable property as a whole, which means that a mortgage constituted on a land also covers the building as well as the separate part of the immovable property (apartment, business space, garage, etc.). Acquisition of property rights and acquisition of a mortgage on immovable property as a whole is possible on the basis of the principle of reliance, which takes precedence over the principle of Nemo plus iuris ad alium transferre potest quam ipse habet. When it comes to buildings and separate parts of immovable property under construction, the application of the principle of mortgage extensiveness or the principle of reliance depends on the moment the property rights or a mortgage are acquired. The principle of mortgage extensiveness takes precedence if the owner of the land managed to register the mortgage before the sale of the building or separate part under construction, and vice versa, the principle of reliance takes precedence if a conscientious buyer of an apartment in a building under construction managed to register ownership before the mortgage was constituted on the land.
Local behaviour of the connector with mechanical coupler and rebar anchor under tension load
Authors: Milićević Ivan , Milosavljević Branko , Spremić Milan , Mandić Rastislav , Popović Marko
Published: May 2023

In the past few decades, demountable connectors have often been used for connections in composite and mixed steel-concrete structures to reduce construction time and costs. Furthermore, the application of demountable connectors enables the reuse of structural elements in these structures, which leads to sustainable design and a circular economy. In this paper, the demountable connector is made out of two parts: (1) mechanical coupler and rebar anchor placed in formwork before casting the concrete element, and (2) steel bolt used for connecting steel to the RC element. Although this connector is increasingly being used in contemporary building structures, its behaviour in composite connections is still insufficiently defined. The paper presents the results of experimental tests and numerical analysis of the connector with a mechanical coupler, focusing on the local behaviour of the tapered threaded connection between the mechanical coupler and rebar anchor.
Basic principles in creating programs for the education of nurses and midwives
Authors: Saveljić Mitar , Pelčić Damir , Boljević Tanja
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The this paper the authors describe the development of the education program for nurses in public health in the European Union (EU). Methods: This paper will present information from relevant professional/scientific data sources about the basic principles in the development of nursing and midwifery education programs, which will contribute to the development of new competencies of nurses in the field of health care and public health. The paper provides an overview of the Munich Declaration, followed by an overview of the educational systems for nurses and midwives in several countries of Western Europe and the Balkans. Topic: The authenticity of health care evaluation ensures the conditions for strengthening nurses' awareness of the value of their own profession and the independence of acquired competencies and skills from inappropriate external interference. Recognizing the profession or authenticity of nursing requires more education. All questions and reflections are focused on the identity and authenticity of the profession, emphasizing the value of nursing care, as well as the aspiration that the development of the nursing profession remains within the framework of the fundamental value. Conclusion: Today, nurses make a significant contribution to the health care system of a country at all levels of health care. In order to achieve the professionalization of nursing, it is necessary to transform nurses, which implies a high level of quality knowledge and skills, as well as an awareness of moral and ethical responsibility towards patients, colleagues and oneself.
Acute prevertebral abscess as unusual cause of low back pain: Case report
Authors: Krstačić Goran , Krstačić Antonija
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Diseases of prevertebral spaces are uncommon but can result in significant morbidity. Case report: This is a case report of acute prevertebral abscess in a 40year-old man. After being transferred to our hospital the patient was initially diagnosed with lower back pain and with high-grade fever. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested prevertebral abscess from Th11-L1. Blood test indicated a bacterial inflammation. Antibiotics were administered. The patient's condition consequently improved. He was discharged with normal neurological status and without any symptoms with a complete regression of the abscess on check-up MRI. Discussion: Magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for the radiological demonstration of spine abscess. Antibiotic therapy is a pillar of treatment for spine abscess and should be a part of the treatment in all cases. Conclusion: In conclusion, our aim is to stress the importance of considering a prevertebral abscess in the differential diagnosis in patient with low back pain.
Comparative analysis of the consumption of antihistamines for systemic use in the Republic of Serbia and Nordic countries in the period 2009-2019
Authors: Vuković Milana , Vesković Dunja , Todorović Nemanja , Roš Tatjana , Jovanović-Ljubičić Jasmina , Kuzman Danilo , Lalić-Popović Mladena , Miljković Dejan , Milijašević Boris
Published: May 2023

Introduction: According to the ATC system of drug classification, group R06 includes H1 antihistamines for systemic use, which are divided into drug groups of the 1st and 2nd generation. Aim: Since there are no national guidelines in Serbia, for treating most allergic diseases, our aim was to compare pharmaceutical products and treatment strategies of systemic antihistamines use in Serbia with that in the Nordic countries that have been recognized as countries with good pharmacoeconomic practice. Material and methods: Data on drug consumption in the Republic of Serbia, the Kingdom of Norway, the Republic of Finland, and the Kingdom of Denmark were collected from the publications of national drug regulatory agencies for the period from 2009 to 2019. Results: Loratadine was the most commonly consumed antihistamine in Serbia in 2009, making 72.32% of the total consumption of drugs in the R06 group. During observed period the consumption of cetirizine increased 21.8 times, levocetirizine increased 36.6 times, desloratadine increased 2.6 times. The most commonly used antihistamines in Serbia in 2016 were: loratadine with 34.86%, followed by desloratadine with 18.70%, and ketotifen with 14.52% of the total consumption of drugs in the R06 group. In 2019, the most commonly used antihistamines were levocetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine and cetirizine. In Norway as well as in Finland and Denmark, during all eleven years (2009-2019) cetirizine was the most consumed antihistamine with mild increase trend in consumption of 1.5-5.74-20.5%. The second most consumed antihistamine in Norway and in Finland was desloratadine and in Denmark, fexofenadine. A decrease in consumption was recorded in case of loratadine in all three Scandinavian countries. First generation antihistamines promethazine and dexchlorpheniramine showed a continuous but minimal downward trend. Conclusion: Unlike Norway, Sweden and Denmark, in Serbia in the last 11 years, the consumption trends of antihistamines have not been consistent and seem to depend on various factors such as price.
Pharmacotherapy of cancer pain with opioid analgesics
Authors: Krtinić Dane , Gvozdenović Ljiljana , Vicković Sanja , Lučić-Prokin Aleksandra , Knežević Aleksandar , Milijašević Dragana , Nedin-Ranković Gorana , Živadinović Biljana , Zdravković Ranko , Todorović-Mitić Mirjana , Stojanov Aleksandar , Jovanović Hristina , Trajković Hristina , Đorđević Mladen , Jevtić Marija , Conić Irena
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Selection of analgesics should be based on the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder, beginning with non-opioid analgesics in combination with adjuvants for mild pain, weak opioids with adjuvants are indicated for moderate pain, while potent opioids, non-opioids and adjuvants are recommended for severe pain. Methods: The facts presented in this paper are expanded by searching for recent literature data in the following index-data-bases: SCI index, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and by using adequate key words. The idea supporting this paper was to make practice easier for clinicians who are engaged in supportive oncology and to help in adequate and up-to-date malignant pain management in oncology patients in everyday practice. Topic: Initial opioid dose should be low, and long-acting opioid dose should be gradually increased and titrated considering daily requirements of short-acting opioid formulation due to pain breakthrough. It is mandatory for patients on long-acting opioid treatment to be provided with fast-acting medication for breakthrough pain treatment. The following long-acting strong opioids formulations are available in Serbia - oxycodone, oxycodone/ naloxone fixed combination, hydromorphone, tapentadol, fentanyl. A patient and his/her family should be warned about possible side effects of opioids, primarily morphine. There is great fear of prescribing opioid analgesics due to their possible side-effect of tory depression. Opiophobia is defined as exaggerated concern about the consequences of medical use of opioids. The risk of opioids is estimated to overweight the benefits of the treatment, resulting in the fact that they are not used where indicated. Avoiding opioid prescriptions is one of the biggest barriers for successful treatment of cancer pain. Conclusion: Oncology patients with moderate and severe pain have a constitutional right not to tolerate pain and they have a right to strong opioid treatment. Implementation of analgesic elevator is recommended. There should not be any fear of addiction or other side-effects that can be controlled, and the benefits greatly outweigh the risks of possible side-effects in these patients. Cancer pain management should be an equally important element of overall cancer treatment. Only by multimodal and multidisciplinary treatment approach satisfactory analgesic effects may be achieved while minimizing adverse side-effects.
Exploratory analysis of cost of Covid-19 vaccines in India
Authors: Singh Netra , Sorout Aradhana
Published: May 2023

This research paper presents a status analysis of the cost of Covid19 vaccines in India. The status analysis includes the cost of different vaccines and changes made by the Central government in the prices of vaccines during the pandemic. The ramping up of vaccine production and timely procurement from manufacturers was another remarkable effort by the Central government. The research paper further elaborates upon the challenges faced with respect to communication and making a larger population aware of the benefits of vaccination, commitment and responsibility of Government of India (about the vaccination program to save the lives of its citizens). Based on this research, it is concluded that India has vaccinated large part of the population, and caped the prices to an optimal level as compared to other economies, without forcing its citizens to pay for vaccines. It is also observed that even though awareness of vaccine availability, efficacy, and price among urban and semi-urban people of all age and gender was high. Moreover, the percentage of vaccination was initially low due to economic and social factors. Based on the analysis, it is suggested that the health sector (which is a part of state list) should be made a part of the concurrent list so that central government and state governments can share responsibility and fight future scenarios together more effectively.
Society 5.0: The role of the automotive industry
Authors: Stanojčić Uroš , Stamenković Dragan , Blagojević Ivan , Popović Vladimir
Published: May 2023

The simultaneous development and aging of society in Japan led to the idea of creating Society 5.0. The integration of physical and virtual space with the aim for the prosperity and safety of each individual represents the concept of the organization of society, which is called Society 5.0. In terms of mobility, which is one of the key areas in society organization, solutions are being explored to enable the use of autonomous vehicles and alternative transportation options. Additionally, advanced technologies in the automotive industry that focus on the needs of vehicle users and workers in the automotive industry are being specifically researched.
Strategic management of public diplomacy digital communication: A literature review
Authors: Skočajić Ivana , Petrović Dejan
Published: May 2023

Public diplomacy has been gaining a more significant role in national diplomatic relations, which has been instigated with greater usage of new technologies and digital media and expansion of online communication of government institutions with international public. Within the contemporary environment, the character of public diplomacy has changed and the essence of public diplomacy has moved from one-way and state-centered communication perspective towards an interactive, relationship building and fostering perspective. In order to enable reaching of foreign policy goals, public diplomacy demands strategic approach to communication, especially when it comes to digital channels such as social media. Important topics related to public diplomacy should be referred to as strategic issues in digital communication, which could represent either problems or opportunities for diplomatic institutions and individuals, and, therefore, should be approached from the perspective of strategic issue management. The aim of this paper is to improve the understanding of the public diplomacy digital communication from the strategic issues management perspective by providing a comprehensive literature review on this topic, and to provide basis for further empirical research.
Factors effecting the Capital Adequacy Ratio of banking system of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia
Authors: Alihodžić Almir , Nadžaković Elman
Published: May 2023

The importance of minimum capital adequacy ratios in preventing banks from going bankrupt and losing depositor money is underscored by their ability to absorb a reasonable amount of losses. This work contributes to the literature on bank capital and, in particular, delivers a thorough analysis of bank capital in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia contexts. This analysis refers to the strand of literature on non-performing loans and bank capital that has been of continuous interest to researchers. It is a relevant area of research because it discusses the most important part of the banking business, especially in the context of increasing global competition and crises. In this scientific area, we inquire whether and how leverage rate, gross domestic product rate, and return on equity affect the capital adequacy ratio. In this respect, this study advances the literature of effects on bank capital that have not been analysed by other scholarly contributions, especially as it discusses the impact of leverage rate, gross domestic product rate, and return on equity in the context of the entire banking systems of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. The study is limited to a six-year period from 2016 to 2021. Empirical evidence based on the application of a model suggests that both countries resulted in different correlations between countries. Modelling was done to determine the relationship between the independent variables LR, GDP Growth, ROE, and effect on CAR. In addition, the capital adequacy ratio proves to be more and more important for banks.
Playmates, adults and learning through play: Looking at play from the children's perspective
Authors: Kovačević Zorica , Gluvak Jadranka
Published: May 2023

Play is easy to recognise, though not as easy to define. Its conceptual definitions are numerous and different, depending on their theoretical starting points. What connects them is the importance they attach to play as a divergent activity of the child in which all the child's potentials are activated. Hovewer, research around the world has shown that children in kindergartens spend considerably less time playing and exploring than doing structured activities; that their opportunities to play in open spaces are constantly decreasing; that, even when they are engaged in play, it is often superficial and chaotic; and the way in which adults perceive children's play is often inconsistent with what play represents from the children's point of view. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to look at how children perceive play - what elements of play children identify as most important, how they perceive their relationship with other children and adults while playing, and how they see learning through play. The descriptive method used relied on the techniques of drawing and interviewing. The study included 47 children aged 4 to 7. The results of the research confirm that what children find most important during play are their playmates, that adults' involvement in children's play is very low, and that children's learning through play is linked to the very experience of playing. The most significant conclusion of this research is that children are often left to their own devices in play, so it is necessary to pay more attention to their play and to support it both in the family and in the institutional context by providing children with different experiences and models of creative behaviour.
Family emotional expressiveness as the basis of emotional education in the family
Authors: Matejević Marina , Dimitrijević Dragana
Published: May 2023

The paper discusses the problem of family emotional expressiveness and its importance for emotional education in the family. Emotional expressiveness is explained as the way family members express positive and negative emotions in their interaction with children, more precisely as the general tendency of parents to express emotions in the family. The aim of this paper is to determine the emotional expressiveness of families and to look at the differences in relation to socio-demographic characteristics (gender of the child, family structure, parents' educational and employment status). The research subjects were parents of children aged 7-11 years. The FEQ family expressiveness scale (Halberstadt, 1986) was used as an instrument in the research. The general findings of the study confirm that positive-submissive emotions are most often expressed in families, followed by positive-dominant ones, while negative emotions are expressed rarely to occasionally. The obtained data indicate that positive-submissive emotions are more often expressed in single-parent families and families with employed mothers. The presented results indicate the importance of family expressiveness for emotional education in the family because children learn how to express their emotions by imitating their parents.
In-service training program for newly-recruited teachers in higher education: A critical analysis of the case of Algeria
Authors: Ghedeir Brahim
Published: May 2023

The need for in-service education of teachers, particularly newly-recruited ones, cannot be underestimated. There is a constant need for teachers to obtain new knowledge about curricula, psychology, and pedagogy, and analyze and conduct new research regarding teaching and learning. Consequently, the Algerian authorities have attempted to introduce a comprehensive in-service training program targeting novice teachers aimed at raising their efficiency in the profession. This study aims to examine and evaluate the in-service program for newly-recruited teachers at the tertiary level organized by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research between 2016 and 2020, and offers suggestions on how to remedy and improve the current program to increase teachers' professional skills in Algeria. To achieve this aim, the views and suggestions of newly recruited teachers from different faculties of the University of El-Oued Algeria regarding the issue of in-service training were investigated. The current study is descriptive, and a structured questionnaire was administered to fifty (50) teachers, the cohorts of 2016/17 and 2017/18. The results demonstrated that the current in-service training program should be subjected to successive modifications based on teachers' professional needs.
Theoretical conceptualization of the feminist pedagogy and the possibility of the application of its ideas in the contemporary educational context
Authors: Vojčić Gorana
Published: May 2023

Due to the fact that the question of achieving gender equality is becoming increasingly frequent in modern society, the subject of this paper refers to feminist pedagogy. Since the 1970s it has emphasized education as an important means of achieving gender equality in society. Based on the relevance of the topic, but also the fact that very little has been written about feminist pedagogy in the Serbian language, the main aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the key theoretical concepts of feminist pedagogy, but also to consider the possibility of applying its ideas in the modern educational context, which is increasingly under the influence of neoliberalism. Based on an analysis of the literature, it can be concluded that feminist pedagogy is a complex concept, and its definition can differ depending on the different starting points of those who study and practice it. Nonetheless, all approaches are directed towards the same goal - the achievement of gender equality, both in education and in society. Further, it can also be concluded that the application of the ideas of feminist pedagogy could have numerous advantages in the modern educational context, but also that this application could be challenging, due to the fact that the principles of feminist pedagogy are in opposition to the principles of the dominant, neoliberal ideology.
The influence of the number of patents on the economic growth of the country: Evidence from Serbia and Hungary
Authors: Domazet Ivana , Marjanović Darko , Ahmetagić Deniz , Simović Vladimir
Published: May 2023

Background: One of the indicators of a country's innovation is the total number of registered patents. This paper analyzes the number of registered patents and the impact they can have on the country's economic growth and innovation.. Purpose: The paper aims to determine whether there is a positive impact of market verification of the results of research and development activities, measured by the number of patents per million inhabitants, on economic growth and the growth of innovation in the country. Study design/methodology/approach: Quantitative research design was applied in the analysis since the task was to investigate the influence of the number of patents on the economic growth of the country. The empirical research covered two countries-Serbia and Hungary. It used secondary data from the international databases of the World Bank and World Intellectual Property Organization, covering the period from 2008 to 2018. Finding/conclusions: The results of the empirical research showed that the increase in the number of patents per million inhabitants contributes only to the innovation index's growth in Hungary. On the other hand, in the case of Serbia, there is no statistically significant relationship between the number of patents per million inhabitants and the country's innovation index, or the number of patents per million inhabitants and GDP per capita. Limitations/future research: The limitations are: the small number of analyzed countries and the number of indicators analyzed. Therefore, in the framework of future research, it would be desirable to expand the analysis to more countries and establish the impact of patents on more indicators of innovation.
The role of the Schroth method in the development of medical tourism in Vrnjačka Banja
Authors: Savić Aleksandar , Manić Vladan
Published: May 2023

Vrnjačka Banja has a very large offer of services in all areas of tourism, especially in medical tourism. The aim of this paper is to analyze the possibility of further development of medical tourism in Vrnjačka Banja by introducing the Schroth therapy. The goal of this therapy is derotation, straightening and stabilization of the spinal column in a 3D three-dimensional plane, in order to prevent the consequences of scoliosis, which can only be removed by surgery. Bearing in mind that the success of this therapy depends on the patient's attitude and the understanding of the physiotherapist's demands, it is possible to implement it only with children over 10 years old, because patients must be focused both mentally and physically. Shrot exercises affect the spine in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes. This method is particularly acceptable because it represents a non-surgical treatment with exercises aimed at achieving the balance of the entire body, taking the correct position of the body, stable posture. Results of the SWOT analysis show that not all conditions for the introduction of this therapeutic method have been met. It is necessary to continue to work on ensuring all the conditions for the introduction of shot therapy, as well as on the further development of medical tourism in Vrnjačka Banja.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the population of Serbia
Authors: Kovačević Nevenka
Published: May 2023

To date research in the field of mental health and COVID-19 disease revealed a variety of mental health responses and disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper represents an analysis of data published in professional and scientific papers and reports after research conducted on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of both, general population, and vulnerable groups. According to the World Health Organization, during the first year of the pandemic, the global prevalence of anxiety and depression increased by as much as 25%. In the Republic of Serbia, according to the WHO data for 2017, 5% of the population lives with depression, and 3.8% with anxiety disorder. Many studies indicate that the state of emergency and quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the mental health: 28.9% of adults had moderate to severe depression, and slightly more than ⅓ had anxiety and stress symptoms. During the state of emergency, out of 1103 young people aged 15-30, 19% felt vulnerable, and 16.3% very vulnerable. Young women, young people living in cities, and young people with higher level of education expressed greater vulnerability. During the state of emergency, 33.4% of respondents indicated that they felt their safety was threatened, 42.7% that their health was threatened, and most often they had fear related to the possibility of infecting family members, close friends and themselves. ¼ of respondents did not feel optimistic about the future, ⅓ felt completely useless, and 14.3% considered that their mental health had deteriorated greatly. Younger people felt that their mental health worsened less during health emergency, in comparison to older people. During the state of emergency, 11.1% of young people experienced violence, mostly verbal and online, and 10.4% physical violence. All the research conducted in the Republic of Serbia can be useful for planning interventions in the field of mental health, so that in the case of the emergence of new pandemics, the country will be ready to implement measures aimed at preserving mental health.