bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern Interpretation and Translation of the Song “Tong-Tong”: K-Pop of the Koryo Epoch
Authors: Ko En , Kim Ensuk
Published: June 2021

According to the record, the Korean song “Tong-tong” was classified as a song as “Tong-tong-sa” and a play as “Tong-tong-jihee”. The title of “Tong-tong” is derived from the chorus phrase “Aeoo Tong-tong Bridge” that repeats every verse.

The purpose of this paper is to make it easier for modern people to understand by clarifying the meaning contained in “Tong-tong” by referring to the literature related to “Tong-tong” and the opinions of various scholars.

The contents of this paper are interpreted in modern Korean through the content structure, pseudonym, vocabulary analysis, major vocabulary interpretation, and translation into modern language, and then translated into Russian.

Song culture can be viewed as a part of public and intercultural communication, because songwriters strive to adapt the language and theme of the song to the standards of a mass audience, the requirements of the time, actual problems of life and general issues of being.

Through this thesis, it is meaningful to make “Tong-tong”, a popular k-pop song in the Koryo Dynasty, understandable not only to modern Koreans but also to Russian-speaking readers.
The Comparative Analysis of the Imperative Mode Sentences in Persian Language
Authors: Tamadon Fahime , Gholami Hossein
Published: June 2021

The main question in this article is the consideration of sentences with incentive meaning in Persian. The article addresses the following issues: the concept of an incentive offer, means of expressing motivation in Persian and structure of incentive sentences in Persian. The novelty of the work is which examines incentive proposals in detail in Persian and describes the syntactic resources of named sentences in Persian and will find their possible equivalents in Russian. The object of work is syntactic and semantic properties of incentive sentences. The method of comparative analysis of examples and their translations is used to describe such sentences. As an example, the authors cite Persian sentences, including impulse meaning and this is the subject of research. The materials in our work are the works of Iranian and Russian linguists and grammarians working on this issue. The composition of the work is: introduction, main body, conclusion and bibliography. The article starts with an introduction and ends with a conclusion in which the authors summarize what have been said. The article is intended for students of the Persian language and for linguists who interested in the grammar of the Persian language.
Stages of Students Emotional Response and Communication in Connection With the Transition to Distance Learning in a Pandemic, Specific of Their Adaptation to New Realities
Authors: Koroleva Oksana
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the examination stages of the emotional response of students in university education and communication, in connection with the transition to distance education in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection and the peculiarities of their adaptation to modern realities. The basis was taken 5 stages of response to changes according to E. Kübler-Ross, which the psychologist described in her book "On Death and Dying" (1969) emotional reactions of seriously ill and dying people and modified for adaptation of students to the transition from full-time education to distance learning in connection with the current epidemiological situation and the peculiarities of their response. The analysis of each stage helps to diagnose difficulties at a certain stage in students and helps to provide timely help and support.
Transformación digital. Desafíos y expectativas para el periodismo
Authors: Alonso González Marián , Méndez Muros Sandra , Román San Miguel Aránzazu
Published: June 2021

Este libro recoge el XXVII Congreso Internacional de la SEP donde se pretende promover el estudio crítico desde una visión retrospectiva, contemporánea y prospectiva los procesos de transformación digital de los medios de comunicación y su incidencia en la esencia y valores de la profesión del periodismo y de la práctica periodística, que debe pensar, ante todo, en la audiencia como centro de su estrategia. Para ello, este encuentro pretende examinar la adaptación de la profesión periodística a los nuevos desafíos; la innovación de nuevos modelos de negocio, audiencias y estrategias de distribución, producción de contenidos y nuevas narrativas y, la enseñanza
Too much too young?
Authors: Cowley Sue
Published: June 2021

The summer born ‘gap’, deferred entry and the baseline assessment are issues which both educators and parents have been battling with for a while. Now, with the added pressures of the pandemic, these issues are evermore present.
The return of inspections
Authors: Caswell Jo
Published: June 2021

Many settings have not been inspected for a few years, particularly in light of the pandemic. Jo Caswell provides an overview of the new arrangements for inspections, referring to key aspects of the Education Inspection Framework.
What's it really like to work in your organisation?
Authors: Marston Chris
Published: June 2021

As a leader it is vital to understand what your team experience on a daily basis. Chris Marston discusses the ‘us and them’ culture and reflects on how he can do better.
Stochastic optimal feedforward-feedback control determines timing and variability of arm movements with or without vision
Authors: Berret Bastien , Conessa Adrien , Schweighofer Nicolas , Burdet Etienne
Published: June 2021

Human movements with or without vision exhibit timing (i.e. speed and duration) and variability characteristics which are not well captured by existing computational models. Here, we introduce a stochastic optimal feedforward-feedback control (SFFC) model that can predict the nominal timing and trial-by-trial variability of self-paced arm reaching movements carried out with or without online visual feedback of the hand. In SFFC, movement timing results from the minimization of the intrinsic factors of effort and variance due to constant and signal-dependent motor noise, and movement variability depends on the integration of visual feedback. Reaching arm movements data are used to examine the effect of online vision on movement timing and variability, and test the model. This modelling suggests that the central nervous system predicts the effects of sensorimotor noise to generate an optimal feedforward motor command, and triggers optimal feedback corrections to task-related errors based on the available limb state estimate.
Feasibility of a dried blood spot strategy for serological screening and surveillance to monitor elimination of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Inocencio da Luz Raquel , Phanzu Delphin Mavinga , Kiabanzawoko Oscar N’lemvo , Miaka Eric , Verlé Paul , De Weggheleire Anja , Büscher Philippe , Hasker Epco , Boelaert Marleen
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the number of reported Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) cases caused by Trypanosoma brucei (T.b.) gambiense has been markedly declining, and the goal of ‘elimination as a public health problem’ is within reach. For the next stage, i.e. interruption of HAT transmission by 2030, intensive screening and surveillance will need to be maintained, but with tools and strategies more efficiently tailored to the very low prevalence. We assessed the sequential use of ELISA and Immune Trypanolysis (ITL) on dried blood spot (DBS) samples as an alternative to the traditional HAT field testing and confirmation approach. A cross-sectional study was conducted in HAT endemic and previously endemic zones in Kongo Central province, and a non-endemic zone in Haut Katanga province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Door-to-door visits were performed to collect dried blood spot (DBS) samples on filter paper. ELISA/T.b. gambiense was conducted followed by ITL for those testing positive by ELISA and in a subset of ELISA negatives. In total, 11,642 participants were enrolled. Of these, 11,535 DBS were collected and stored in appropriate condition for ELISA testing. Ninety-seven DBS samples tested positive on ELISA. In the endemic zone, ELISA positivity was 1.34% (95%CI: 1.04–1.64). In the previously endemic zone and non-endemic zone, ELISA positivity was 0.34% (95% CI: 0.13–0.55) and 0.37% (95% CI: 0.15–0.60) respectively. Among the ELISA positives, only two samples had a positive ITL result, both from the endemic zone. One of those was from a former HAT patient treated in 2008 and the other from an individual who unfortunately had deceased prior to the follow-up visit. Our study showed that a surveillance strategy, based on DBS samples and centralized testing with retracing of patients if needed, is feasible in DRC. ELISA seems well suited as initial test with a similar positivity rate as traditional screening tests, but ITL remains complex. Alternatives for the latter, also analyzable on DBS, should be further explored.
Trust levels within categories of information and communication technology companies
Authors: Oláh Judit , Hidayat Yusmar Ardhi , Gavurova Beata , Khan Muhammad Asif , Popp József
Published: June 2021

The arguable claims of levels of trust in politics and business situations motivated this study, which investigates the degree of trust within micro, small, and medium categories of Hungarian Information and Communication Technology (ICT) companies. Different sizes of companies have varying interactions between internal members and their business partners. This study concentrated on exploring Hungarian ICT companies due to their significant role in supporting Industry 4.0. The study population are active Hungarian ICT companies. This research implemented random cluster selection related to the location of ICT firms. It exploited 100 samples, including micro, small, and medium-sized companies, and implemented discriminant analysis to examine the description and hypotheses. First, this study found that the level of trust in institutions within micro, small, and medium-sized companies varies significantly. The level of trust in institutions proliferates within corporations due to the capability of the formal institution to provide fair public services. This research additionally underlined that the performance of the Hungarian government would improve trust amongst the companies. Second, this study concluded that the level of interpersonal trust within three categories of companies was similar. A high level of interpersonal trust would expand internal engagement among the members of companies. Finally, the level of trust in business partners varied significantly within the distinct sizes of Hungarian ICT companies. A high level of trust in corporate associates improves business collaboration, reduces uncertainty, and supports long-term business connections. Levels of institutional trust and inter-organizational trust differed amongst different categories of companies. However, the level of interpersonal trust remained similar within companies of the various sizes.
In the bedroom
Authors: Khan Ali
Published: June 2021

Boudoir photography is going through a renaissance. Having being rediscovered by whole new generation of amateur smartphone photographers and influencers, the genre has taken a new and exciting direction. The intimacy and erotic nature of this genre is now also injected with a dose of raw realism that further adds to the legitimacy of the image. This newly evolved aesthetic has been equally influential on fashion editorials and fashion ad campaigns from streetwear to luxury brands. In this series of photographs and the accompanying essay, the author/photographer aims to document such aesthetic by capturing the mood and fashion of the current times and analysis the background for such fashion editorial images.
MeXicana Fashions: Politics, Self-Adornment and Identity Construction, Alda Hurtado and Norma E. Cantú (eds) (2020)
Authors: Anders Ellen
Published: June 2021

Review of: MeXicana Fashions: Politics, Self-Adornment and Identity Construction, Alda Hurtado and Norma E. Cantú (eds) (2020)

Austin, TX: University of Texas Press

ISBN 978-1-47731-959-8, p/bk, $34.95
DisneyBound: Dress Disney and Make It Fashion, Leslie Kay (2020)
Authors: Healy Marley
Published: June 2021

Review of: DisneyBound: Dress Disney and Make It Fashion, Leslie Kay (2020)

Glendale, CA: Disney Editions, 176 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-36805-042-5, p/bk, $17.99
La mode et ses enjeux, Frederic Monneyron (2010)
Authors: Alcaraz-Muller Marie-Sandra
Published: June 2021

Review of: La mode et ses enjeux, Frederic Monneyron (2010)

Paris: Klincksieck, 143 pp.,

ISBN 978-2-25203-793-5, p/bk, €16
Glucose biosensors for Diabetes Mellitus management
Authors: Majie Ankit
Published: June 2021

Diabetes mellitus is one of the common endocrine disorder of the recent times with increasing mortality and morbidity worldwide. Blood glucose monitoring is one of the essential methods of management of Diabetes Mellitus. The use of biosensors in blood glucose monitoring is now becoming one of the essential tools. The development and improvement of devices such as continuous glucose monitoring and non-invasive glucose monitoring system has led to the ease of blood glucose monitoring. The three main components of the device include the biological recognition element, transducer and a signal processing system. Currently most of the glucose biosensors are of the electrochemical type which has better sensitivity and better reproducibility. The glucose measurement is mostly based on the interaction with one of the three enzymes, glucose oxidase (GOx), hexokinase and glucose-1-dehydrogenase (GDH) and the product is quantified by the processing system. Self-assessment through glucose biosensors is becoming cost effective with increasing patient compliance as it is decreasing the need for expensive laboratory tests. Moreover, the evolution Saliva Glucose Biosensors where blood glucose can be easily recorded through smartphones are now in trending. The major challenges are maintaining the precision and accuracy of the biosensors, standardization, continuous assessment and training of the lay users.
The impact of COVID-19 related regulations and restrictions on mobility and potential for sustained climate mitigation across the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK: A data-based commentary.
Authors: Corker Elizabeth , Mitev Kaloyan , Nilsson Astrid , Tamis Milan , Bouman Thijs , Holmlid Stefan , Lambe Fiona , Michie Susan , Osborne Matthew , Renes Reint Jan , Steg Linda , Whitmash Lorraine
Published: June 2021

Human behaviour change is necessary to meet targets set by the Paris Agreement to mitigate climate change.
Restrictions and regulations put in place globally to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 during 2020 have had a substantial impact on everyday life, including many carbon-intensive behaviours such as transportation. Changes to transportation behaviour may reduce carbon emissions. Behaviour change theory can offer perspective on the drivers and influences of behaviour and shape recommendations for how policy-makers can capitalise on any observed behaviour changes that may mitigate climate change. For this commentary, we aimed
to describe changes in data relating to transportation behavioursrelating to working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic across the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK. We display these identified changes in a concept map, suggesting links between the changes in behaviour and levels of carbon emissions. We consider these changes in relation to a comprehensive and easy to understand model of behaviour, the COM-B, to understand the capabilities, opportunities and behaviours related to the observed behaviour changes and potential policy to mitigate climate change. There is now an opportunity for policy-makers to increase the likelihood of maintaining pro-environmental behaviour changes by providing opportunities, improving capabilities and maintaining motivation for these behaviours.
La fiscalidad sobre el carbono en Europa
Authors: Larrea Basterra Macarena
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de descarbonización para 2050 de la economía de la Unión Europea (UE) plantea numerosos retos, para los que se requieren considerables volúmenes de inversión. En este contexto, la fiscalidad sobre el carbono es una herramienta que introduce señales de precio que promueven el cambio de comportamiento de agentes. Además, permite recaudar fondos para financiar los presupuestos generales, promover inversiones para la transición hacia una economía baja en carbono; el apoyo a las empresas más afectadas por la competencia internacional y a los hogares más vulnerables.

Numerosos países europeos han desarrollado figuras tributarias sobre el carbono (p. ej. Dinamarca, Finlandia, Francia, Irlanda, Islandia, Noruega, los Países Bajos, Portugal, el Reino Unido, Suecia y Suiza), que buscan completar el Régimen de Comercio de Derechos de Emisión de la UE y compensar que la Directiva 2003/96/CE no establezca los tipos impositivos sobre las fuentes de energía en función del contenido en carbono de las mismas. En este artículo se realiza una revisión de las principales características de estas figuras, se comparan y se extraen las grandes tendencias en esta materia.
DYNAMIC MANAGERIAL CAPABILITIES AS ANTECEDENT OF CORPORATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL
Authors:   University of the Western Cape, Sibindi Ntandoyenkosi
Published: June 2021

Current studies on Corporate Entrepreneurship (CE) present organisational boundaries, discretionary time, rewards/reinforcements, work discretion and management support as antecedents of CE. This ignores the fact that all these variables are a managerial function in organisations. Furthermore, considering these variables at the same predictor level as management support, has contributed to entrepreneurship coordination challenges for organisations. To address this predicament through the lens of dynamic capabilities, we submit a conceptual model that considers dynamic managerial capabilities as antecedents of CE.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AT AN ONLINE STORE IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors:   Tshwane University of Technology, Naidoo Vinessa , Botsi Keorapetse
Published: June 2021

Online shopping has become a common way in which retail businesses are conducted across most parts of the world. South African (SA) retailers such as Takealot, Makro, and Spree added this function to their existing operations. However, the survival of SA online stores is compromised by the competitive activities set by international players, including Amazon, eBay, and Google. Online stores such as Nine West and Mango have closed amidst poor financial performance. The adoption of a customer-centred approach is among the strategies that SA online stores can take to remain competitive. It is against this background that this study sought to assess customers’ perceptions of electronic service quality and to determine its influence on customer satisfaction and customer behavioural intentions. A quantitative descriptive approach methodology, using a questionnaire structured by SurveyMonkey, was employed to collect data from a sample of 300 online customers from the online store in SA. SPSS V24 was employed to conduct descriptive and multivariate analyses, including factor analysis and correlations analyses. The results indicated that the respondents were not fully satisfied with the service quality of the online store regarding efficiency, system availability, fulfilment, privacy, responsiveness, compensation, and contact. It was also found that electronic service quality sub-constructs have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the researcher found that customer satisfaction had a positive effect on customer behavioural intentions. Several implications for practice were provided to the management of online stores to facilitate improvement in their operations.
La magie du temps et des saisons dans la dramaturgie de Paul Willems
Authors: Jakubczuk Renata
Published: June 2021

In the current article we are examining the presence, importance and significance of weather and seasons in dramatic works of the Belgian writer, Paul Willems. Our study relies upon the methodology of patternsof transitivity proposed by Jean-Pierre Richard. After explaining the principals of our approach, then presenting the corpus of the studied texts and formulating our basic hypothesis concerning the weather, we are reviewing four weather phenomena: the rain, the wind, the snow, and the sun. The completedanalysis confirmed the calming role of the rain, the soothing role of the sun and the warning role of the wind. However, we realized, besides the liberating role of the snow in the introduction, its more complex significance because it “weighs heavily” on the life of the characters.
“The Shepherd, What Has He Done?”
Authors: Gabbay Uri
Published: June 2021

The article publishes an Old Babylonian syllabically written tablet of the Eršema su₈-ba-de₃ ta an-
ak, “The shepherd, what has he done?” with duplicates from the first millennium BCE stemming from Nineveh. The composition laments the disappearance of Dumuzi.
Pathophysiological Aspects of the Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with a Special Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Genetic Associations
Authors: Summerhill Volha I. , Sukhorukov Vasily N. , Eid Ali H. , Nedosugova Ludmila V. , Sobenin Igor A. , Orekhov Alexander N.
Published: June 2021

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex degenerative vascular disease, with considerable morbidity and mortality rates among the elderly population. The mortality of AAA is related to aneurysm expansion (the enlargement of the aortic diameter up to 30 mm and above) and the subsequent rupture. The pathogenesis of AAA involves several biological processes, including aortic mural inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, elastin depletion, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also found to be associated with AAA formation. The evidence accumulated to date supports a close relationship between environmental and genetic factors in AAA initiation and progression. However, a comprehensive pathophysiological understanding of AAA formation remains incomplete. The open surgical repair of AAA is the only therapeutic option currently available, while a specific pharmacotherapy is still awaited. Therefore, there is a great need to clarify pathophysiological cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying AAA formation that would help to develop effective pharmacological therapies. In this review, pathophysiological aspects of AAA development with a special focus on mitochondrial dysfunction and genetic associations were discussed.
Designing language courses for twenty-first century competences: a model of teaching toward learner autonomy implemented in a university context in the Czech Republic
Authors: Sieglova Dagmar , Stejskalova Lenka
Published: June 2021

The twenty-first century is a time of unprecedented social and technological development. Defining the period is an internationally interconnected world pregnant with information, dynamic events, and individual choice. These attributes create a highly complex, unpredictable, ambiguous and volatile environment that places new demands on every adult individual to continue in their efforts to educate, requalify and upskill during the course of their whole life. Based on both national and international educational strategies, a willingness to pursue life-long learning and an ability for it represent the main objectives for the curricula and educational programs. The current study presents a language teaching model that aims at student autonomy in language learning. The model, specifically focused on business English, was based on student needs analysis studies conducted and replicated in 2006, 2013 and 2016 at ŠKODA AUTO University, and as part of an international HEI cooperation research between 2017 and 2020. The Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach is adopted to combine course topics and outlines. In-class and self-study activities aim at language competences proportionally distributed between reading, writing, listening, and speaking tasks. Teaching methods cover both individual work and peer cooperation. Course requirements provide students with a high degree of freedom when making decisions about the content of their projects. As such, this concept helps students find the area of their self-realization, which boosts their motivation, willingness and ability both to continue and self-direct their further learning.
The motivations and identity aspirations of university students of German: a case study in Australia
Authors: Amorati Riccardo
Published: June 2021

In the English-dominated field of L2 motivation, there is a need for more research on learners of languages other than English. This is particularly important in English-speaking countries, where issues involving the recruitment and retention of language students are pressing. This study discusses the main qualitative findings of a study on the motivations and identity aspirations of university students of German in Australia. The findings obtained through a questionnaire (n = 86) are complemented by in-depth interviews conducted with a small sample of respondents (n = 5). The study shows that learners of German are instrumentally, integratively and intrinsically motivated and wish to shape identities as international professionals with unique linguistic skills (Exotenmotiv, see Riemer 2006), tourists and anti-tourists, bilingual speakers in a monolingual Anglophone context and educated individuals (Bildungs-Selbst, see Busse 2015). This research furthers our knowledge on this learner population in Australia and, more broadly, on Anglophone elective language learners, as well as students of German as a foreign language in other contexts. It also contributes to our understanding of the link between motivation and processes of identity creation and development.
A single-layer low-cost reflectarray antenna using dual-resonant element approach
Authors: Liu Ting , Zhang Lin , Wu Jialiang , Zhao Jing , Zeng Zhiguo
Published: June 2021

A single-layer wideband high efficiency reflectarray in Ku-band has been presented in this paper. A novel dual-resonant patch element approach has been analyzed and optimized to obtain good radiation performances within the operating frequency band. The phase shift range of 573° can be obtained with less steep linear phase shift curve. To compensate the differential spatial phase delays from the feed to the elements, the variable size technique has been utilized for obtaining required phase shifts. The reflectarray aperture has been designed, manufactured and measured. Measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. The measured gain of the reflectarray aperture at center frequency can reach 27.2 dBi, which is equivalent to aperture efficiency of 51.3%, and the 1-dB gain bandwidth of the aperture is 18.4%.
Christian Teaching as Trinitarian Kenotic Praxis of Love: A Practical Theological Approach
Authors: Jang Shin-Geun
Published: June 2021

This article seeks to construct a model for holistic Christian teaching grounded in the trinitarian kenotic praxis of love from the practical theological perspective. As a praxis of mutual caring, Christian teaching is considered as participating in and modelling the trinitarian kenotic praxis of love to help learners live the eschatological reign of God in the world. Christian teaching is a hermeneutic process and an interdisciplinary and missional enterprise that emphasizes conversation and solidarity with the world.
Recovering Mystery: Ecological Encounters and Practical Theological Ways of Knowing
Authors: Ayres Jennifer R.
Published: June 2021

Western ways of thinking about our ecological context have too often failed to nurture meaningful relationship with it. This failure is rooted in our assumptions about what it means to know. Approaches to environmental education (including environmental education in religious communities and beyond) that rely on rationalist and objectivist epistemologies fail to adequately address the emotional and relational aspects of forming ecological character and identity. Ecological encounter, as spiritual and pedagogical practice, grounds an integrated and comprehensive way of knowing, loving, and caring for a dynamic and mysterious world, and the place of human life within it.
The Role of Law in Addressing Poverty and Inequality in High Income Countries: A Comparative View of Menstrual Hygiene Management and Its Impact on Education and Health in the UK and Select High Income Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Bakibinga Elizabeth , Rukuba-Ngaiza Nightingale
Published: June 2021

Agenda 2030 on sustainable development promotes a holistic approach to development and emphasizes the need to leave no one behind. Regarding the rule of law, sustainable development goal (SDG) 16.3 focuses on (promoting the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all by 2030) and the related goals and targets on justice. Changing economic conditions in recent decades have caused stagnating wages and widening economic gaps among individual citizens and regions within developed countries and this is reflected in pockets of poverty and inequality in high income countries and islands of excess wealth in developing or low-income countries, worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper examines the legal aspects of poverty and inequality in the education and health sectors in select high-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa and a Western industrialized country such as the UK, with emphasis on period poverty or poor menstrual health management (MHM) as a barrier to access to education and health due to inability to afford sanitary products. The analytical paper applies the institutionalist legislative theory and methodology (ILTAM) and the general theory of law and development, examines the role of the state in regulating the health and education sectors and concludes with key findings and recommendations on how the institutional and legal frameworks can be utilized to foster sustainable development in high-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
APUNCAC: An International Convention to Fight Corruption, Money Laundering, and Terrorist Financing
Authors: Yeh Stuart S.
Published: June 2021

This article explains how corruption, money laundering, and terrorist financing could be addressed through an Anticorruption Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Corruption (APUNCAC). APUNCAC seeks to establish United Nations inspectors, dedicated anticorruption courts, and aggressive measures to fight corruption, including requirements to obtain and report accurate beneficial owner information when funds are transmitted internationally. This information is needed to deter money laundering. APUNCAC would allow private litigants to commence a Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) civil action and recover three times the amount of their damages. These provisions create financial incentives for private litigants to fight corruption through civil actions. The provisions leverage private interests and align these interests in the fight against corruption. APUNCAC also includes treaty provisions designed to ensure that APUNCAC is implemented as intended. This article addresses the issue of complementarity. APUNCAC is designed to complement, rather than replace, existing domestic institutions.
Craig on Penal Substitution: A Critique
Authors: Farris Joshua R. , Hamilton S. Mark
Published: June 2021

The recent atonement literature reveals a growing trend accepting the thesis that the Reformer’s doctrine just is the biblical doctrine of penal substitution. This is the claim of William Lane Craig in his recent works on the atonement. In the present article, we challenge these set of claims in Craig’s recent works and advance an alternative theory of the atonement that has some significant footing in the Reformed theological tradition, most notably reflected in the theologian, William Ames. Finally, we lay out several reasons why Craig’s doctrine of the atonement fails to capture the biblical data on the atonement and fails to avoid the legal fiction problem parasitic on most, if not all, accounts of penal substitution.
Evaluation of the Chemistry curriculum at the lower secondary level: feedback from educators
Authors: Narod Fawzia , Narrainsawmy Vickren
Published: June 2021

Mauritius is presently witnessing a major educational reform, which has necessitated a review of the lower secondary curriculum in all subjects, including Science. Educators were called to evaluate the Science curriculum (which includes Biology, Chemistry and Physics components) by providing feedback on the curriculum content and content organisation. One hundred and thirty-three educators took part in this exercise. This paper focuses on a detailed analysis of the feedback obtained from educators regarding the lower secondary Chemistry curriculum
(LSCC) to identify the challenges encountered in its implementation. The Process component of the Stufflebeam’s (Stufflebeam DL. The CIPP model for evaluation. In: Evaluation models. Dordrecht: Springer; 2000:279–317 pp) Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) Evaluation model has been used as a framework for the study. Based on qualitative thematic analysis, four main challenges were identified in the implementation of the LSCC namely, ensuring curriculum continuity, avoiding curriculum overload, the need for more laboratory experiences and knowledge transfer.
Aktualisierung der Kriterien zur Entscheidung über den Geburtsort
Authors: Bauer Susanne , Claudia Kötter Kauffrau
Published: June 2021

Für die Aktualisierung eines Kriterienkataloges zur Entscheidung über den Geburtsort erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche. Ergebnis war, dass dies durch eine Bewertung der Studienlage allein nicht möglich ist. Deswegen wurden 12 Kataloge zur geburtshilflichen Fachzuständigkeit im Umgang mit „higher than low risks“ identifiziert – aus Ländern, in denen außerklinische Geburtshilfe als staatliche Leistung gewährt wird. Damit gelang der Konsens zwischen GKV-Spitzenverband und Hebammenverbänden.
Pränataldiagnostik – Verfahren, Nutzung, Ziele
Authors: Kolleck Alma
Published: June 2021

Pränataldiagnostik ermöglicht es, vorgeburtliches Wissen über die Entwicklung des Fetus zu gewinnen, das der mütterlichen und fetalen Gesundheit dienen kann. Zugleich kann sie einzelne Schwangere und die Gesellschaft als ganze vor komplexe Fragen stellen, etwa danach, wie eine Schwangere mit einer auffälligen pränatalen Diagnose umgehen und wie sie dabei begleitet werden kann. Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über Verfahren, Nutzung und Ziele von vorgeburtlicher Diagnostik in Deutschland.
IRIS, eine Internet-vermittelte Hilfe für Schwangere mit Alkoholkonsum
Authors: Petersen Kay Uwe , Hanke Sara , Batra Anil
Published: June 2021

Trotz beträchtlicher Risiken für die Ungeborenen nimmt etwa jede siebte Schwangere in Deutschland alkoholische Getränke zu sich. Metaanalysen von Evaluationsstudien weisen auf signifikante, wenn auch schmale Effekte von Internet-vermittelten Interventionen für eine Förderung der Alkoholabstinenz hin. Am Beispiel des IRIS-Programms (www.iris-plattform.de) wird ein typischer Aufbau und die Funktion eines auf kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie basierenden derartigen Interventionsprogramms beschrieben.
Fetale Programmierung von Gesundheitsdisparitäten bei Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund
Authors: Scholaske Laura , Spallek Jacob , Entringer Sonja
Published: June 2021

Kinder von Migrant*innen zeigen bereits in frühen Lebensjahren häufig Gesundheitsdisparitäten, die mit mütterlicher Gesundheit und migrationsbezogenen Faktoren eng zusammenhängen. Zur Erklärung dieses Phänomens der intergenerationalen Transmission von Gesundheitsdisparitäten schlagen wir ein Modell vor, das eine Lebensverlaufsperspektive mit dem Konzept der fetalen Programmierung von Gesundheit und Krankheitsvulnerabilität zusammenbringt.
Perinataldaten von Migrantinnen im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Teschemacher Louise , David Matthias , Razum Oliver
Published: June 2021

Studien, die sich mit Migration als Einflussfaktor auf geburtshilfliche Outcomes beschäftigt haben, zeigen widersprüchlichen Ergebnisse. Dieses „Review der Reviews“ macht deutlich, dass immigrierte Frauen nicht per se ungünstigere Perinataldaten haben, es aber besonders vulnerable Gruppen von Migrantinnen gibt, darunter Frauen mit Flüchtlingsstatus, Asylsuchende und Frauen ohne Dokumente.
Antonomasia in BCMS and a woman’s place in the Balkan society
Authors: Piletić Deja , Vuković Stamatović Milica
Published: June 2021

Antonomasia implies two opposing semantic mechanisms: the replacement of a proper name by an appellative, epithet or periphrasis (e. g.the Iron Ladystanding for Margaret Thatcher), or the attribution of a proper name to an appellative or a set of certain personality traits (e. g.a Penelopestanding for a faithful, devoted wife). The aim of this paper is to show that studying antonomasia as a figure of speech driven by a cognitive metonymic and metaphoric mechanism can contribute to revealing how women are conceptualised and consequently talked about. We do so by analysing figurative antonomasia in a dataset of 307 examples extracted from Bosnian/Croatian/Montenegrin/Serbian (BCMS) webpages, although the findings are generisable to other languages as well. We show that antonomasia is frequently based on entrenched stereotypes about women and that in the collective consciousness of the BCMS speakers women are often conceptualised as (sexual) objects, typically valued by aesthetic criteria, as well as in relation to their possession of certain stereotypical female traits (self-sacrifice or subordination to others, excessive emotion but also cruelty, manipulativeness, showiness, talkativeness, etc.). In addition, the analysis also revealed that a woman is principally identified through her relations with other beings (as a mother, sister, wife or lover). Our study thus confirms that studying antonomasia within gender and language studies is a goal well worth pursuing.
The Logic of the Soviet Organisational Society
Authors: Moser Evelyn
Published: June 2021

The paper describes and discusses the variant of societal differentiation that evolved under the Soviet regime. The argumentation starts with the conceptualisation of socialism as a program with a universal, function system-exceeding claim for validity. The implementation of the socialist program may be perceived as an effort to create structures which allow complete inclusion in the sense of an all-encompassing political addressability. In this regard, the political leadership tried to set up the society as a hierarchically structured organisation. The example of Soviet agriculture and the structures of Soviet villages, however, show that notwithstanding an all-encompassing degree of organisation, strictly ‘organised’ forms of economic communication coexisted with and were interrelated to ‘non-organisable’ and even ideologically deviant forms of agricultural production by personal smallholdings. Such niches of functional differentiation did not only provide compensation for the inability of the political leadership to cope with societal complexity, but also created connectivity in the world society and could hardly be oppressed without putting the stability of the regime at risk.
Melatonin-MT1 signal is essential for endometrial decidualization
Authors: Cui Liyuan , Xu Feng , Wang Songcun , Jiang Zhuxuan , Liu Lu , Ding Yan , Sun Xiaoli , Du Meirong
Published: June 2021

Deficient decidualization of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and pre-eclampsia. Decidualization is regulated by multiple factors such as hormones and circadian genes. Melatonin, a circadian-controlled hormone, is reported to be important for various reproductive processes, including oocyte maturation and placenta development. Its receptor, MT1, is considered to be related to intrauterine growth restriction and pre-eclampsia. However, the role of melatonin-MT1 signal in decidualization remains unknown. Here, we reported that decidual stromal cells from miscarriages displayed deficient decidualization with decreased MT1 expression. The expression level of MT1 is gradually increased with the process of decidualization induction in vitro. MT1 knockdown suppressed the decidualization level, while the overexpression of MT1 promoted the decidualization process. Moreover, changing MT1 level could regulate the expression of decidualization-related transcription factor FOXO1. Melatonin promoted decidualization and reversed the decidualization deficiency due to MT1 knockdown. Using in vitro and in vivo experiments, we further identified that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce inflammation and decidualization resistance with downregulated MT1 expression, and melatonin could reverse the inflammation and decidualization resistance induced by LPS. These results suggested that the melatonin-MT1 signal might be essential for decidualization and might provide a novel therapeutic target for decidualization deficiency-associated pregnancy complications.
Clinical Findings and Management of Diabetic Papillopathy
Authors: Gao Eva
Published: June 2021

Diabetic papillopathy is an uncommon ocular manifestation of diabetes and is associated with a rapid decrease in hemoglobin A1c. The typical presentation of this condition tends to be asymptomatic with normal intracranial pressure. This case report reviews a 64-year-old Caucasian male presenting with diabetic papillopathy. Because this is a diagnosis of exclusion, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance venography, and lumbar puncture must be performed to rule out other possible causes of optic disc edema, including ischemia, infection, inflammation, increased intracranial pressure from space-occupying lesions, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Pertinence de la répartition géographique des professionnels des soins oculovisuels en Alberta : les examens de réfraction réalisés par les opticiens sont-ils nécessaires?
Authors: Anderson Alyssa Erin , Hensel Gordon
Published: June 2021

Les examens de réfraction comptent parmi les nombreuses procédures diag-nostiques effectuées par les optométristes et les ophtalmologistes en vue de prescrire des lunettes. En Alberta, les optométristes et les ophtalmologistes sont autorisés à effectuer des examens de réfraction et à prescrire des lunettes en fonction des résultats. Les opticiens sont aussi autorisés à effectuer des examens de réfraction sans toutefois avoir le droit de prescrire de lunettes. Cette étude vise à déterminer si la population a besoin que les opticiens soi-ent autorisés à effectuer des examens de réfraction et à prescrire des lunettes en solo compte tenu de la répartition géographique actuelle des optomé-tristes et des ophtalmologistes en Alberta. Pour répondre à cette question, les ratios des optométristes et des ophtalmologistes par rapport à la population pour chacune des cinq régions sanitaires de l’Alberta ont été calculés et com-parés aux ratios internationaux. Nos résultats montrent que les cinq régions sanitaires de l’Alberta ont des ratios optométriste-population qui atteignent ou dépassent l’indice de référence international de 1 pour 10 000 personnes permettant de répondre aux besoins de la population et que trois des cinq régions sanitaires ont des ratios ophtalmologiste-population équivalents ou supérieurs à l’indice de référence international de 3 pour 100 000 personnes qui permet de répondre aux besoins de la population. Ces données indiquent que la répartition des optométristes est adéquate dans la province mais que celle des ophtalmologistes est inadéquate. Compte tenu de la disponibilité ac-tuelle des optométristes et des ophtalmologistes en Alberta, il n’est pas néces-saire que les opticiens soient autorisés à effectuer des examens de réfraction et à prescrire des lunettes en solo.
Unterstellung relativ marktmächtiger Unternehmen unter die schweizerische Missbrauchsaufsicht
Authors: Zäch Roger , Tuchschmid Felix
Published: June 2021

Der nachstehende Beitrag basiert auf dem Referat, das am D-A-CH Kartellrechtsforum vom 8. 10. 2020 online gehalten wurde. In der Zwischenzeit wurde das damalige Gesetzgebungsprojekt zur relativen Marktmacht vom schweizerischen Parlament verabschiedet. Im nachstehenden Beitrag werden daher das Zustandekommen und der Inhalt der am 19. 3. 2021 beschlossenen Änderungen des Kartellgesetzes und des Bundesgesetzes gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb dargestellt und gewürdigt. Die beschlossenen Änderungen werden nach unbenutztem Ablauf der Referendumsfrist (bis zum 18. 7. 2021, BBl 2021 757) voraussichtlich im Jahr 2022 in Kraft gesetzt.
Einführung der relativen Marktmacht in der Schweiz
Authors: Stäuber Richard , Burger Andreas
Published: June 2021

Am 19. 3. 2021 hat das schweizerische Parlament eine Änderung des Kartellgesetzes beschlossen, mit der das Konzept der relativen Marktmacht eingeführt wird. Nach dem neuen Recht sind relativ marktmächtige Unternehmen den marktbeherrschenden gleichgestellt. Der Wortlaut dieser Regelung geht wesentlich über das erklärte Ziel des Gesetzgebers hinaus, diskriminierungsfreie Beschaffungen im Ausland zu ermöglichen. Angesichts dieses Widerspruchs zwischen Wortlaut und erklärtem Ziel des Gesetzgebers sind teleologische und systematische Elemente bei der Auslegung des neuen Rechts von besonderer Bedeutung. Gestützt auf diese Gesichtspunkte wird hier vorgeschlagen, die relative Marktmacht schweizerischer Prägung als Instrument gegen preisbezogene Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen im Vertikalverhältnis zu konzipieren und konkretisieren.
Influencia de la herbivoría y la apertura de claros sobre el crecimiento total de Brosimum alicastrum (Moraceae)
Authors: Carrillo Herrera Edgar Fernando , Dzib Ek Susana Ariely , Ballina Gomez Horacio Salomon
Published: June 2021

El crecimiento compensatorio y las defensas vegetales son respuestas para lidiar con la herbivoría y la luz. El estudio de la influencia de los componentes morfo-fisiológicos, de la asignación de biomasa y de la defensa vegetal podría arrojar información que ayude a entender estas respuestas. Se evaluaron los efectos de la herbivoría y la apertura de claros sobre el crecimiento, los componentes morfo-fisiológicos, la asignación de biomasa y las defensas químicas y físicas en plántulas de Brosimum alicastrum en una selva mediana subcaducifolia. Se utilizó un diseño anidado con sitios de sotobosque y claros (n = 3 en cada uno) y dentro de ellos plántulas sometidas a tres tratamientos de herbivoría: control (n = 10), simulada (n = 10) y natural (n = 10). Se registró a lo largo de seis meses la influencia de la herbivoría sobre el crecimiento (biomasa, área foliar, altura, diámetro y producción de hojas), la producción de fenoles y la dureza foliar. Se halló un crecimiento compensatorio (todas las variables de crecimiento) con la herbivoría natural, subcompensatorio (biomasa, altura y diámetro) con la simulada, y sobrecompensatorio (producción de hojas) con la herbivoría natural sólo en claros. Los componentes morfológicos como el cociente del área foliar (LAR) y el área foliar específica (SLA) fueron mayores bajo claros y el fisiológico, como la tasa de asimilación neta (NAR), en sotobosque. La proporción de biomasa en sotobosque fue mayor hacia hojas y tallos y en claros más alta hacia raíces. La herbivoría fue mayor en claros y los fenoles foliares en sotobosque. No se encontró una relación (compromiso) entre las defensas y el crecimiento, sólo una tendencia negativa con los fenoles bajo condiciones limitantes de recursos, como ocurre en el sotobosque.