bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 0.1% of the Population With Glucokinase Monogenic Diabetes Can Be Recognized by Clinical Characteristics in Pregnancy: The Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy Cohort
Authors: Chakera Ali J. , Spyer Gill , Vincent Nicola , Ellard Sian , Hattersley Andrew T. , Dunne Fidelma P.
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE

Identifying glucokinase monogenic diabetes (GCK-MODY) in pregnancy is important, as management is different from management for other forms of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and there is no increased maternal risk of type 2 diabetes. We calculated the population prevalence of GCK-MODY in pregnancy and determined the clinical characteristics that differentiate pregnant women with GCK-MODY from those with GDM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We calculated the population prevalence of GCK-MODY in pregnancy by testing a subset of patients from the population-based Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (Atlantic DIP) study (n = 5,500). We sequenced for GCK mutations in 247 women with a fasting glucose ≥5.1 mmol/L and 109 randomly selected control subjects with normal fasting glucose. Using data from the cases found and 40 previously identified GCK-MODY pregnancies, we analyzed whether clinical criteria could be used to differentiate GCK-MODY from GDM.

RESULTS

Four women with fasting glucose ≥5.1 mmol/L were diagnosed with GCK-MODY. No cases were identified with normal fasting glucose. The population prevalence of GCK-MODY is 1.1 in 1,000 (95% CI 0.3–2.9 in 1,000) and prevalence in GDM is 0.9% (95% CI 0.3–2.3). Fasting glucose and BMI significantly differentiate GCK-MODY from GDM (P < 0.0001). Combined criteria of BMI <25 kg/m2 and fasting glucose ≥5.5 mmol/L has a sensitivity 68%, specificity 96%, and number needed to test of 2.7 women with GDM to find one case of GCK-MODY.

CONCLUSIONS

Our large population cohort of pregnant women tested estimates the population prevalence of GCK-MODY of 1.1 in 1,000. We have shown routine clinical criteria that can identify which women should be tested for GCK-MODY in pregnancy.
Glycemic Variability in Patients With Early Type 2 Diabetes: The Impact of Improvement in β-Cell Function
Authors: Kramer Caroline K. , Choi Haysook , Zinman Bernard , Retnakaran Ravi
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE

Increased glycemic variability has been reported to be associated with the risk of hypoglycemia and possibly diabetes complications and is believed to be due to β-cell dysfunction. However, it is not known whether improvement in β-cell function can reduce glycemic variability. Because short-term intensive insulin therapy (IIT) can improve β-cell function in early type 2 diabetes (T2DM), our objective was to determine whether the β-cell functional recovery induced by this therapy is associated with decreased glycemic variability.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Sixty-one patients with T2DM of 3.0 years mean duration underwent 4 weeks of IIT, which consisted of basal insulin detemir and premeal insulin aspart. Glucose variability was assessed in both the first and the last week by the coefficient of variation of capillary glucose on daily 6-point self-monitoring profiles. β-Cell function before and after IIT was assessed with the Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2).

RESULTS

Between the first and the last week on IIT, 55.7% of patients had a reduction in glucose variability. Change in glucose variability was negatively correlated with the change in β-cell function (ISSI-2) (r = −0.34, P = 0.008). On multiple linear regression analyses, percentage change in ISSI-2 emerged as the only factor independently associated with the change in glucose variability (standardized β = −0.42, P = 0.03). Moreover, patients with an increase in ISSI-2 ≥25% experienced a reduction in glucose variability compared with their peers who had almost no change (−0.041 ± 0.06 vs. −0.0002 ± 0.04, respectively; P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS

In early T2DM, glycemic variability is a modifiable parameter that can be reduced by improving β-cell function with short-term IIT.
Association of FTO gene with obesity in Polish schoolchildren
Authors: Sitek Aneta , Rosset Iwona , Strapagiel Dominik , Majewska Małgorzata , Ostrowska-Nawarycz Lidia , Żądzińska Elżbieta
Published: February 2014

The goal of the study was verification of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene polymorphisms as significant risk factors of obesity in the population of Polish children. Body mass index (BMI) and DNA were evaluated, where DNA was extracted from saliva, collected from 213 children at the age of 6–13 years.

DNA was genotyped by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and HRM (high resolution melting) techniques, as well as by direct sequencing. Three (3) FTO polymorphisms were identified: rs9939609, rs9926289 and rs76804286, the last polymorphism located between the first two.

For the first time, absolute linkage disequilibrium (LD) of FTO gene rs9939609 and rs9926289 polymorphisms was confirmed in data for the Polish population (D’=1, r2=1). The lack of a complete dependence among the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FTO gene was a consequence of the concurrence of homozygotes with minor alleles A of rs9939609+rs9926289 of FTO (AA+AA) with major alleles of rs76804286 (GG).

A case-control association analysis for BMI in obese children (n=51), as compared to normal-weight children (n=162), was based on the effects of genotypes homozygous for the minor alleles of the studied SNPs in recessive and codominant inheritance models (assuming an independent effect of each genotype).

A comparison of children with normal BMI with obese children indicate a strong co-dominant effect of a genotype in homozygotes of minor alleles (AA+AA) of completely linked rs9939609+rs9926289 (OR at age 8.89 ± 1.54 years=4.87, 95% CI 1.81–13.12, p=0.002).

An almost five-fold increase of obesity risk in the examined children indicates that the genetic factors, associated with excessive body weight gain, exert stronger effects in the early period of ontogenetic development vs. puberty and adulthood. The role of genetic factors in predisposing to obesity declines with age.
Violence indicators in Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina: The Regional Development Period from a regional perspective
Authors: Seldes Verónica , Botta Florencia Natalia
Published: February 2014

Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina) has been extensively studied by archaeologists. Studies have been focused mainly on the Late Regional Development Period (1250–1430 AD), which has been defined as a time of social conflict. In this paper we present bioarchaeological evidence of interpersonal violence related trauma found in populations of the region. A sample of 153 skulls from three sites of Quebrada de Humahuaca: Los Amarillos, La Huerta and Yacoraite, were analyzed, differentiating antemortem and perimortem fractures, cut marks as well as the presence of trophy skulls. The results were subjected to nonparametric statistical tests, in order to assess inter-site level differences, sex and age distribution.

Bioarchaeological analysis determined a high frequency of interpersonal violence related trauma. Most registered injuries belonged to the antemortem type, demonstrating that the individuals of those events that had generated said cranial trauma had managed to survive. Interpersonal violence affected both men and women the same, registering no differences in neither sex nor age group, however evidence of trauma varied geographically from site to site. Statistical calculations reveal that the Yacoraite site is where the highest frequency of trauma was found, while La Huerta is where the highest level of trophy skulls was registered.
In vitro Induced Mitotic Polyploidy in Drosera capensis L.
Authors: Zahumenicka Pavla , Sysova Barbora , Holik Ales , Fernandez Eloy C.
Published: February 2014

The objective of this study was to induce mitotic polyploidization in Drosera capensis. Tetraploid plants of D. capensis were induced successfully by treating leaf segments in vitro with oryzalin solution with four different concentrations (20, 40, 60 or 80 μM) for 12, 24 or 48 hours. Three tetraploid (2n = 4x = 80) plants were obtained in three treatments (20 μM for 48 h, 60 μM for 24 h and 80 μM for 12 h). Tetraploidy was confirmed by flow cytometry. The survival rate of these plants was not significantly influenced by oryzalin concentration or exposure time.
Original Research Article Financial Risk Threshold Determination in Broiler Enterprise in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Achoja Felix Odemero
Published: February 2014

Increasing concern about the problem of risk associated with poultry business has highlighted the need for its comprehensive understanding. A clear knowledge of financial risk in broiler enterprise will pave the way to efficient mitigation strategies among broiler producers. This study investigates financial risk programming, and threshold analysis in broiler enterprises in Delta State, Nigeria. Probabilistic (multi-stage) sampling procedure was adopted in selecting 200 broiler farmers for the study. Structured questionnaire was used to collect 6 years time series data (2004-2009) from the respondents. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, QSB version of linear programming model, and threshold model. The results of the study showed that broiler enterprise is profitable with optimum net profit of N47,925 and N357,558 per small scale and large scale producers, respectively. An optimum profit of N389.9 per bird was earned by broiler producers. The output of QSB version of linear programming showed that at the stocking rate of 20, 692 birds, financial risk is optimized at 15%. The threshold regression model revealed that the broiler enterprise in the study area generally operated below the risk threshold. Simple regression indicated that expected return is positively and significantly (P < 0.05) related with financial risk. Incorporating financial risk as a constraint in the broiler farm plan is a useful contribution that will enhance efficient farm planning. The optimal return and financial risk threshold provided in this study will improve the confidence level of stakeholders in poultry industry such as current and potential investors, insurance institution and institutional lenders. This will translate to growth in the broiler subsector of the poultry industry in Delta State
Spectral properties and photophysics of arylacetylenes in thin films
Authors: Flamini Rebecca , Carlotti Benedetta , Spalletti Anna , Marrocchi Assunta
Published: February 2014

We report the photobehaviour of a series of eight structurally related arylacetylene derivatives, in solution as well as in pristine and PC61BM blended thin-_lms. The formation of both H- and J-aggregates in the solid state have been demonstrated, and, interestingly, an energy transfer from H-aggregates or/and from residual "unstacked" molecules to J-aggregates has been found, the latter being the only emitting species. The fuorescence quenching by PC61BM at di_erent loadings has been studied in blend films, and it has been found particularly effcient in the case of a symmetrical peripheral substitution of the acetylene derivative core. Preliminary time-resolved measurements in emission (ns resolution) and in absorption (fs resolution) con_rmed the H⟶J energy transfer and underlined the presence of delayed fuorescence from Jaggregates, formed by energy transfer from the long-lived first excited singlet state of H-aggregates. In all cases, a homogeneous surface morphology of thin films.
The first report of serratospiculiasis in Great Tit (Parus major) in Slovakia
Authors: Königová A. , Molnár L. , Hrčková G. , Várady M.
Published: February 2014

Serratospiculiasis is a parasitic disease caused by filariid nematodes of the genus Serratospiculum, the subfamily Dicheilonematinae. Serratospiculum spp. parasitizes the air sacs and members of this genus have been found in various species of Falcons, Bald Eagles and Cooper’s Hawk from all around the world. In the present study, infection with Serratospiculum was confirmed for the first time in the Great Tit in Slovakia. Nematode infestation was identified post mortem. Lesions in the respiratory system (airsacculitis, pneumonia) were associated with the presence of this nematode. Smears of the necrotic lesions in the crop and oesophagus contained the large numbers of embryonated eggs. Faecal samples were examined by flotation method and Serratospiculum eggs were found. Adult parasites were cleared in lactophenol solution and morphological analysis of male reproductive organs (shape of male nematode spicules) indicated the species Serratospiculum amaculata. Scattered inflammatory cells were seen in the mucosal and submucosal layers of infected oesophagus and inflammatory foci were found mainly in the stroma of the air sacs.

The presence of the filariid nematode in the nonspecific species Great Tit (Parus major) common in Slovakia indicates the importance of monitoring of serratospiculiasis in the avian hosts. The parasite can cause serious health problems, even sudden death of their hosts, therefore suitable effective measures for their elimination should be implemented.
Toxocariasis in urban environment of western Slovakia
Authors: Ondriska F. , Mačuhová K. , Melicherová J. , Reiterová K. , Valentová D. , Beladičová V. , Halgoš J.
Published: February 2014

The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of toxocariasis in Bratislava and smaller towns in western Slovakia. During 2006–2011, sand samples collected from 121 sandpits were investigated: 63 sandpits were from Bratislava City and 58 from sandpits in towns outside Bratislava (Malacky, Pezinok Stupava). In Bratislava, 27% of examined sandpits were contaminated with Toxocara spp. eggs. In smaller towns eggs of Toxocara spp. were found from three sandpits (6.8 %) of Pezinok and Stupava only. In Malacky, no faeces and no eggs were found in any sandpits. Faecal samples of 1436 dogs and 263 cats were investigated. T. canis eggs were found in the faeces of 16.5 % dogs and T. cati in 18.6 % of examined cats. Toxocariasis of dogs was significantly higher in smaller towns such as the city Bratislava (χ2 = 10.88 for P ≤ 0.001). The difference in prevalence of T. cati in cats bred in Bratislava and outside Bratislava was not confirmed (P ≤ 0.05). 382 pregnant women were examined by ELISA. Anti-Toxocara antibodies were detected in 32 women (8.4 %). The difference in seroprevalence of women coming from Bratislava (6.6 %) and smaller towns outside Bratislava (11.0 %) was not statistically significant (χ2 = 1.6; P ≤ 0.05).
Parasite fauna of Golden Grey Mullet Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) collected from Lower Kızılırmak Delta in Samsun, Turkey
Authors: Özer A. , Kirca D.
Published: February 2014

The mugilids are among the most cosmopolitan teleost fishes and they are widely distributed in fresh, brackish and coastal marine waters of the tropical and temperate regions of the world. Liza aurata is one of eight mugilid species survive in Turkish waters. Parasite fauna of the golden grey mullet Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) collected from Lower Kızılırmak Delta in Samsun, Turkey were investigated in the present study. Standard parasitological investigation methods were applied and standard indices of infection were calculated. A total of 10 parasite species were identified and they are; Trichodina puytoraci, Trichodina lepsii, Ligophorus mediterraneus, Ligophorus cephali, Microcotyle mugilis, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa, Haplosplanchnus pachysomus, Tylodelphys clavata, Neoechinorhyncus agilis and Ergasilus lizae. Overall infection prevalence was 100 % and both the mean intensity and abundance values were 190.09 ± 43.15 parasites per infected/examined fish. Ligophorus-group parasites were the most abundant (97.83 %) and Tylodelphys clavata was the least (4.35 %) among all parasite species identified. Water temperature (C), dissolved oxygen (mg/lt), salinity (ppt) and nitrate (mg/lt) values were also presented. According to results obtained in the present study, Ligophorus cephali, Ligophorus mediterraneus, Thylodelphys clavata and Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa are new parasite records for L. aurata and Ligophorus mediterraneus, Ligophorus cephali and Ergasilus lizae are the new parasite records for Turkish parasite fauna of fish in Turkey.
Estimation of OSL trap parameters by optical “cleaning” — a critical study
Authors: Kijek Natalia , Chruścińska Alicja
Published: February 2014

The so-called thermal “cleaning” applied in thermoluminescence analysis allows distinguishing TL signal originating from different traps of comparable thermal depths. Here, the detailed study on the suitability of a similar approach — which can be called optical “cleaning” — for the analysis of OSL process has been carried out by means of computer modelling. The optical “cleaning” is realized by short optical stimulation applied directly after irradiation. It turns out that this approach does not help to separate signals related to various traps having similar optical cross-section (OCS) values. For some sets of trap parameters, sufficiently good reconstruction of the trap optical cross-sections can be achieved by the analysis of the conventional OSL curve obtained directly after sample irradiation, while the OSL curve analysis after “cleaning” does not provide any additional data. For other cases the analysis of both curves with and without “cleaning” leads to optical cross-section values different from those assumed in the model, but just in such situations the optical “cleaning” can be helpful. The differences between the OSL components of the conventional curve and the one obtained after “cleaning” can be used as indicators of an incompatibility of the trap parameters obtained from the OSL analysis with their actual values.
Evaluating similarity of radial increments around tree stem circumference of European beech and Norway spruce from Central Europe
Authors: Bošeľa Michal , Sedmák Róbert , Marušák Róbert , Sedmáková Denisa , Petráš Rudolf , Barna Milan
Published: February 2014

Extracting cores from a tree using an increment borer has been standard practice in dendrochronological studies for a long time. Although empirical rules exist regarding how many samples to take and which methodology to apply, comparatively few studies provide quantification of the similarity of relative tree-ring-widths (TRW) around the stem circumference. The aim of this study was therefore to precisely measure the similarity of standardised TRWs around the stem circumference and to provide objective suggestions for optimal core sampling of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst. [L.]) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) growing in Central European temperate forests.

A large sample of cross-sectional discs was used from Norway spruce and European beech trees growing on various slopes, at different altitudes and biogeographic regions across the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The similarity of TRWs measured in different coring directions was analysed by testing the relativized TRW around the trunk (rTRW). Comparison of rTRWs revealed no significant differences between coring directions, indicating that the relative increment was the same around the radius. The results also showed the high similarity between the rTRWs to be independent of both slope inclination and altitude. Moreover, the reconstruction of proportional tree diameters and basal areas backward in time from one core sample and one measurement of tree diameter (basal area) at the time of sample extraction is possible with reasonable precision.
Patients' Perceptions of Navigating “The System” for Arthritis Management: Are They Able to Follow Our Recommendations?
Authors: Winter Di Cola Jennifer , Juma Shahiroz , Kennedy Deborah , Dickson Patricia , Denis Suzanne , Robarts Susan , Gollish Jeffrey , Webster Fiona
Published: February 2014

Purpose: To understand whether a visit to a Hip/Knee Arthritis Assessment Centre (AC), where non-surgical candidates with arthritis are directed toward community resources and provided with a conservative treatment “prescription,” contributes to patients' self-management and ability to access community resources. Methods: A purposive sample of non-surgical patients was contacted 3–10 months after their AC visit. Three focus groups (n=20) and 20 semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted. Transcripts were systematically coded and analyzed using a qualitative descriptive research methodology. Results: While participants generally reported that the AC visit improved self-management, analysis identified an emergent theme about the inadequacy of conservative management in general, subdivided into two sub-themes related to (1) limited access to high-quality, non-surgical treatment, such as physiotherapy and (2) health care providers' attitudes and approaches, which do not embrace chronic disease prevention and management. Conclusions: An AC visit contributes to arthritis self-management; however, the current health care system does not adequately support conservative treatment of chronic conditions. Treatment guidelines need to be tailored to the local health care context in which they are applied.
Effects of NaCl stress on accumulation of K+, Na+, Cl-, NO3 -,sugar and proline contents in the seedlings of Triticale-I
Authors: Samad Rifat , Karmoker JL
Published: February 2014

NaCl stress at 50 - 150 mM NaCl caused a 12 - 16-fold increase in Na+ accumulation in the root and 3 - 10-fold in the shoot of Triticale-I with a concomitant decrease in that of K+ and Cl- . NaCl stress increased the accumulation of reducing, total sugars and proline both in the root and shoot of the seedlings. The mechanism of salt tolerance of Triticale-I plants with respect to ionic relation and accumulation of sugars and proline were discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18019 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 189-194, 2013 (December)
Phenology, floral morphology and seed yield in Indigofera tinctoria L. and I. suffruticosa Mill.
Authors: Jahan Sharmin , Sarwar AKM Golam , Fakir M Solaiman Ali
Published: February 2014

Phenology, floral and pollen morphological features and seed yield were studied in Indigofera tinctoria L. and I. suffruticosa Mill. Indigofera tinctoria bloomed three times i.e., mid-July, mid-August and early October during the study period. But I. suffruticosa bloomed only once i.e., in early September. The number of flowers/raceme and pods/raceme were higher in I. suffruticosa than those in I. tinctoria. However, the number of seeds/pod, seed size, 1000-seed weight and seed yield were higher in I. tinctoria. Pollen with auriculae near the aperture in Indigofera is being reported here for the first time. Size and exine thickness of pollen grains were higher in I. tinctoria than in I. suffruticosa. The highest number of flowers/raceme and seeds/plant were produced at the second flush in I. tinctoria. Therefore, I. tinctoria plants may be harvested after the maturity of pods from second flush for higher seed yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18024 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 231-237, 2013 (December
Identification of good combiners in early maturing × high yielding cultivars of Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Singh Mukesh Kumar , Singh Ravi P , Singh Prakash
Published: February 2014

Line × tester analysis involving seven early maturing lines and four high yielding testers, made to produce 28 F1s hybrids. The F1 data revealed that both additive and non-additive gene were important in controlling yield contribution in Indica rice. Variances were significant for GCA and SCA effects for all the characters indicating the significance of both additive and non-additive genes. There was high proportion of non-additive genes for the expression of different traits. Cultivars Anjali, MTU-7029 and BPT-5204 were identified as best general combiners for yield and yield traits among the parents. The most promising specific combiners for grain yield and its contributing traits were Govind × HUR 105, NDR 97 × HUR 4-3, Anjali × HUR 4-3, NDR 97 × MTU 7029, Vandana × BPT 5204, Shanthi × HUR 105, Anjali × MTU 7029 and Shanthi × BPT 5204. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18026 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 247-255, 2013 (December)
Effect of tannery wastewater on the growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Zereen Arifa , Wahid Abdul , Khan Zaheer Ud Din , Sardar Andleeb Anwar
Published: February 2014

The effects of tanneries wastewater on growth and yield of three cultivars (SF-187, CRN-1435 and DK- 3915) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) showed that wastewater was not fit for irrigation due to extremely high mineral and heavy metal contents. In addition, effluents were highly alkaline with high load in EC, BOD, COD and SAR values. The amount of iron, manganese, zinc and chromium was also quite high. The growth and yield of plants was adversely affected by effluents treatment, especially at higher doses from seedling stage to maturity leading to reduce biomass and seed production as compared to control. Effluents of tanneries used for irrigation purposes proved to be alarmingly toxic to the growth and yield of the important crop in Kasur region, Pakistan. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18030 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 279-285, 2013 (December)
Effects of crude extract of Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz.on germination, growth and chlorophyll content of Zea mays L.
Authors: Sheekh Mostafa M El , Khairy Hanan M , Shenody Rania El
Published: February 2014

Effects of crude extract of Microcystis aeruginosa containing microcystin-LR on the germination, growth and chlorophyll content of Zea mays was studied. Soaking of Z. mays seeds for 24 hrs in the cell-free medium during death phase of M. aeruginosa induced a significant reduction in root, shoot lengths, number of lateral roots, fresh and dry weights, leaf area and pigment contents. Soaking of Z. mays seeds for 24 hours in different concentrations of crude extracts of M. aeruginosa (100, 200, 300, 500 and 800 ?g dry cells/ml) from log phase showed inhibitory effect of growth parameters and germination. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18033 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 295-300, 2013 (December)
Pollinium development in Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames.and Cymbidium pendulum SW: a comparative study
Authors: Kant Ravi , Hossain Mohammad Musharof , Attri Lucky K
Published: February 2014

Comparative studies on the early anther development, anther wall differentiation, pollinium development and pollen grains surface features in Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames. (a terrestrial orchid) and Cymbidium pendulum Sw. (an epiphytic orchid) using light and scanning electron microscopy were described. Anther primordium initiated as a homogenous mass of meristematic cells which developed two thecae, each with a group of archesporial cells of dense cytoplasmic contents. The sporogenous cells of the hypodermal layer formed the anther wall which was 4-5 layered in S. sinensis and 7-layered in C. pendulum. The rare feature of 2-layered endothecium in S. sinensis and a 2-layered tapetum in C. pendulum was reported. Papillate epidermis was observed in C. pendulum. A complete septum of sterile cells in S. sinensis and partial in C. pendulum was observed. Pollen grains were mono-aperturate, reticulate and shed as tetrads in S. sinensis while either monoaperturate or inaperturate, tectate pollen grains and dispersed as hard pollinia in C. pendulum. This is a see-through information for accurate classification and phylogenetic reconstructions of orchid species. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18035 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 307-314, 2013 (December)
New method for screening rice varieties against Bakanae disease
Authors: Hossain KS , Mia MAT , Bashar MA
Published: February 2014

Several varietal screening methods were tested along with dipping dry seeds into millipore membrane filtrate of spore suspension of the pathogen and gibberellic acid (GA3) in different concentrations. It was found that GA3 can be used to screen out susceptible rice varieties against bakanae disease. The method which requires the use of GA3 is easier than the other methods for mass screening as it does not require maintaining living culture of the pathogen. The protocol of inoculum free varietal screening method for bakanae disease of rice was developed to find out resistant varieties from the huge collections of germplasm bank. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18036 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 315-320, 2013 (December)
Antimicrobial activity of Turkish Viurnum species
Authors: Eryilmaz M , Ozbilgin S , Ergene B , Yilmaz B Sever , Altun ML , Saltan G
Published: February 2014

Antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Viburnum opulus L., V. orientale Pallas, V. tinus L. and V. lantana L. against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae RSKK 574 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 were carried out. The disc diffusion and tube dilution techniques were used to determine the antimicrobial activities of plant extracts. The ethanolic extracts of tested species of Viburnum exhibited better antimicrobial activity than that of aqueous extracts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18044 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 355-360, 2013 (December)
New moss records from western part of Turkey
Authors: Yayintas Ozlem Tonguc
Published: February 2014

Two species of moss namely, Onchoporus dendrophilus Hedderson & Blockeel and Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson are reported for the first time from Turkey. Onchoporus dendrophilus is also a new report from Southwest Asia. Diagnostic characters, descriptions and illustrations were studied. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18047 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 371-375, 2013 (December)
Teleconference Use among Office Workers: An Interorganizational Comparison of an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Model
Authors: Lo Siu , Van Breukelen Gerard , Peters Gjalt-Jorn , Kok Gerjo
Published: February 2014

From a corporate social responsibility perspective, there are many reasons to promote teleconference use as an alternative to business travel. The present study examines psychosocial and organizational factors relevant to teleconference use. We tested an extended Theory of Planned Behavior model of teleconference use among office workers of four organizations. Results indicate that intention was the strongest direct predictor of teleconference use. Habit and perceived norm, in turn, were the strongest predictors of intention to use teleconference. In contrast, attitude was only weakly predictive and perceived control not predictive at all of intention to use teleconference. We also examined how this model was influenced by the organizational context by comparing organizations from two different regions, and organizations from the private vs. the public sector. Most teleconference-related beliefs differed between regions and organizational sectors. The relevance of specific attitudinal and normative beliefs to the overall attitude and perceived norm also differed between organizational sectors. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Comparative Evaluation of Common Savannah Grass on a Range of Soils Subjected to Different Stresses II: Root Zone Physical Condition
Authors: Springer Raymond , Eudoxie Gaius , Gouveia Gregory
Published: February 2014

The root zone physical condition influences root development and function, which affects turfgrass growth, quality and performance. The temporal variability of root zone properties was investigated in a factorial experiment combining sand layering compaction and moisture stress on the performance of Savannahgrass (SG) (Axonopus compressus), Bermudagrass (BG) (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) (cv. Tifway 419) and Zoysiagrass (ZG) (Zoysia spp.) grown in four contrasting soils. Four stresses—drought (D), waterlogging (WL), high compaction (HC) and low compaction (LC)—were applied either with or without a surface sand layer. Root zone properties, including root weight (RW), bulk density (BD), surface hardness (SH), redox potential (Eh) and non-capillary pore space (NCPS), were monitored over a four-month growth period. Surface hardness values were greater for the high compaction effort in treatments without sand, but were highest under drought. Sand addition resulted in lower SH for all grass × soil combinations. The soil texture influenced root zone BD for all turfgrasses, with the clay soils recording significantly lower bulk densities (<1.00 g/cm3) than those with coarser fractions. Compaction had a minimal influence on BD, the effect being further modified by grass type. Low BD was associated with high RW. RW was also significantly higher in the sand-amended treatments. Waterlogging reduced Eh for all soils, with higher values recorded in the sand treatments. The redox potential was lowest in River Estate soil and in pots planted with ZG. Across turfgrasses, Princes Town and Talparo soils had significantly lower NCPS for the sand treatment. NCPS was highest for ZG across stress treatments, but values were similar to SG under compaction treatments. Sand layering improved the root zone aeration status, particularly with SG, resulting in a better physical condition.
Social Competence in Infants and Toddlers with Special Health Care Needs: The Roles of Parental Knowledge, Expectations, Attunement, and Attitudes toward Child Independence
Authors: Zand Debra , Pierce Katherine , Thomson Nicole , Baig M. , Teodorescu Cristiana , Nibras Sohail , Maxim Rolanda
Published: February 2014

Little research has empirically addressed the relationships among parental knowledge of child development, parental attunement, parental expectations, and child independence in predicting the social competence of infants and toddlers with special health care needs. We used baseline data from the Strengthening Families Project, a prevention intervention study that tested Bavolek’s Nurturing Program for Parents and Their Children with Health Challenges to explore the roles of these variables in predicting social competence in infants and toddlers with special health care needs. Bivariate relationships among the study variables were explored and used to develop and test a model for predicting social competence among these children. Study findings pointed to a combination of indirect and direct influences of parent variables in predicting social competence. Results indicated that parents who encouraged healthy behaviors for developing a sense of power/independence were more likely to have children with social competence developing on schedule. Elements related to parental expectations, however, did not have the hypothesized relationships to social competence. The present study provides preliminary data to support the development of knowledge based interventions. Within medical settings, such interventions may indeed maximize benefit while minimizing cost.
The Kalman Filter Revisited Using Maximum Relative Entropy
Authors: Giffin Adom , Urniezius Renaldas
Published: February 2014

In 1960, Rudolf E. Kalman created what is known as the Kalman filter, which is a way to estimate unknown variables from noisy measurements. The algorithm follows the logic that if the previous state of the system is known, it could be used as the best guess for the current state. This information is first applied a priori to any measurement by using it in the underlying dynamics of the system. Second, measurements of the unknown variables are taken. These two pieces of information are taken into account to determine the current state of the system. Bayesian inference is specifically designed to accommodate the problem of updating what we think of the world based on partial or uncertain information. In this paper, we present a derivation of the general Bayesian filter, then adapt it for Markov systems. A simple example is shown for pedagogical purposes. We also show that by using the Kalman assumptions or “constraints”, we can arrive at the Kalman filter using the method of maximum (relative) entropy (MrE), which goes beyond Bayesian methods. Finally, we derive a generalized, nonlinear filter using MrE, where the original Kalman Filter is a special case. We further show that the variable relationship can be any function, and thus, approximations, such as the extended Kalman filter, the unscented Kalman filter and other Kalman variants are special cases as well.
Modelling and Internal Fuzzy Model Power Control of a Francis Water Turbine
Authors: Nagode Klemen , Škrjanc Igor
Published: February 2014

This paper presents dynamic modelling of a Francis turbine with a surge tank and the control of a hydro power plant (HPP). Non-linear and linear models include technical parameters and show high similarity to measurement data. Turbine power control with an internal model control (IMC) is proposed, based on a turbine fuzzy model. Considering appropriate control responses in the entire area of turbine power, the model parameters of the process are determined from a fuzzy model, which are further included in the internal model controller. The results are compared to a proportional-integral (PI) controller tuned with an integral absolute error (IAE) objective function, and show an improved response of internal model control.
The Significance and Insignificance of Carbon Nanotube-Induced Inflammation
Authors: Boyles Matthew , Stoehr Linda , Schlinkert Paul , Himly Martin , Duschl Albert
Published: February 2014

In the present review article immune responses induced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are addressed. As inhalation is considered to be the primary entry route, and concern has been raised by similar high aspect ratio materials, the main focus lies on immune responses upon pulmonary exposure. Inflammation-related findings from both in vivo studies and in vitro models are reviewed, and the major responsible characteristics, which may drive CNT-induced inflammation in the lung, are discussed. In a second part, responses upon intentional administration of CNTs via subcutaneous and intravenous application are addressed, including their potential benefits and drawbacks for immunotherapy. Finally, the gastrointestinal tract as an alternative exposure route is briefly discussed. While there are many studies identifying numerous other factors involved in CNT-driven toxicity, e.g., cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity, the focus of this review was kept solely on CNT-induced inflammation. Overall the literature has shown that CNTs are able to induce inflammation, which in some cases was a particularly robust response coinciding with the development of pro-fibrotic conditions. In the majority of cases the greatest inflammatory responses were associated with CNTs of considerable length and a high aspect ratio, accompanied by other factors like dispersion and sample purity.
Hyde’s Deformity: The Literary Myth of the Fallen Protohuman
Authors: Webb William
Published: February 2014

Drawing from a variety of examples in world literature, this paper exposits a pervasive, diachronic literary motif in which an early human—the mythic protohuman—exists superior to contemporary humans, whose greatness is reflected in physical stature and aesthetic form, and whose eventual spiritual “fall” is physically manifested in diminished stature and deformity. Indo-European creation myths, the biblical Genesis, Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, Stevenson’s Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde, and Tolkien’s Middle Earth legendaria are examined in support of the thesis that Western literature has recapitulated the mythological notion that the archetypal ancestor possessed a quality and grace that has been slowly lost in time and is represented by a corresponding physical decay. This notion, then, when read as anagogical symbol, serves to furnish society with insights into reiterated social constructs preoccupied with human degeneration and decay, as well as questions about its beliefs concerning humankind’s origin, nature, and destiny.
The Anticoagulant Effect of PGI2S and tPA in Transgenic Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Is Linked to Up-Regulation of PKA and PKC
Authors: Wang Jian-Hua , Yuan Lin-Jing , Zhong Zhi-Min , Wen Zhe-Sheng , Deng Jian-Ming , Liang Rong-Xin , Zheng Min
Published: February 2014

The selection of vascular grafts for coronary artery bypass surgery is crucial for a positive outcome. This study aimed to establish a novel line of vascular endothelial cells with a potent anticoagulant effect. A lentiviral vector was used to stably transfect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with PGI2S alone (HUVEC-PGI2S) or both PGI2S and tPA (HUVEC-PGI2S-tPA). Both HUVEC-PGI2S and HUVEC-PGI2S-tPA cells over-expressing PGI2S and tPA were compared to mock-transfected cells. The enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISAs) demonstrated that the anticoagulation components, ATIII and PLG, were up-regulated and coagulation factor FVIII was down-regulated in both cell lines. QRT-PCR and western blotting demonstrated the vasodilation and platelet disaggregation proteins PKA, PKC, and PTGIR were up-regulated in both cell lines, but MAPK expression was not altered in either cell line. However, cell viability and colony formation assays and cell cycle analysis demonstrated that both cell lines had a lower rate of cell growth and induced G1 phase arrest. HUVEC-PGI2S and HUVEC-PGI2S-tPA cells have a potent anticoagulant effect and their use in vascular heterografts may decrease the risk of thrombosis.
Interplay between Endothelin and Erythropoietin in Astroglia: The Role in Protection against Hypoxia
Authors: Schäfer Richard , Mueller Lars , Buecheler Reinhild , Proksch Barbara , Schwab Matthias , Gleiter Christoph , Danielyan Lusine
Published: February 2014

We show that, under in vitro conditions, the vulnerability of astroglia to hypoxia is reflected by alterations in endothelin (ET)-1 release and capacity of erythropoietin (EPO) to regulate ET-1 levels. Exposure of cells to 24 h hypoxia did not induce changes in ET-1 release, while 48–72 h hypoxia resulted in increase of ET-1 release from astrocytes that could be abolished by EPO. The endothelin receptor type A (ETA) antagonist BQ123 increased extracellular levels of ET-1 in human fetal astroglial cell line (SV-FHAS). The survival and proliferation of rat primary astrocytes, neural precursors, and neurons upon hypoxic conditions were increased upon administration of BQ123. Hypoxic injury and aging affected the interaction between the EPO and ET systems. Under hypoxia EPO decreased ET-1 release from astrocytes, while ETA receptor blockade enhanced the expression of EPO mRNA and EPO receptor in culture-aged rat astroglia. The blockade of ETA receptor can increase the availability of ET-1 to the ETB receptor and can potentiate the neuroprotective effects of EPO. Thus, the new therapeutic use of combined administration of EPO and ETA receptor antagonists during hypoxia-associated neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) can be suggested.
Trans-Cinnamic Acid Increases Adiponectin and the Phosphorylation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase through G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Kopp Christina , Singh Shiva , Regenhard Petra , Müller Ute , Sauerwein Helga , Mielenz Manfred
Published: February 2014

Adiponectin and intracellular 5'adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are important modulators of glucose and fat metabolism. Cinnamon exerts beneficial effects by improving insulin sensitivity and blood lipids, e.g., through increasing adiponectin concentrations and AMPK activation. The underlying mechanism is unknown. The Gi/Go-protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 109A stimulates adiponectin secretion after binding its ligand niacin. Trans-cinnamic acid (tCA), a compound of cinnamon is another ligand. We hypothesize whether AMPK activation and adiponectin secretion by tCA is transmitted by GPR signaling. Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were incubated with pertussis toxin (PTX), an inhibitor of Gi/Go-protein-coupling, and treated with different tCA concentrations. Treatment with tCA increased adiponectin and the pAMPK/AMPK ratio (p ≤ 0.001). PTX incubation abolished the increased pAMPK/AMPK ratio and adiponectin secretion. The latter remained increased compared to controls (p ≤ 0.002). tCA treatment stimulated adiponectin secretion and AMPK activation; the inhibitory effect of PTX suggests GPR is involved in tCA stimulated signaling.
A Single-Cell Study of a Highly Effective Hog1 Inhibitor for in Situ Yeast Cell Manipulation
Authors: Blomqvist Charlotte , Dinér Peter , Grøtli Morten , Goksör Mattias , Adiels Caroline
Published: February 2014

We present a single cell study of a highly effective Hog1 inhibitor. For this application, we used sequential treatment of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell array, with the Hog1 inhibitor and osmotic stress. For this purpose, a four-inlet microfluidic chamber with controlled introduction of two different cell strains within the same experimental setting and a subsequent rapid switching between treatments was designed. Multiple cell strains within the same experiment is a unique feature which is necessary for determining the expected absent cellular response. The nuclear translocation of the cytosolic MAPK, Hog1, was monitored by fluorescence imaging of Hog1-GFP on a single-cell level. An optical tweezers setup was used for controlled cell capture and array formation. Nuclear Hog1-GFP localization was impaired for treated cells, providing evidence of a congenial microfluidic setup, where the control cells within the experiments validated its appropriateness. The chamber enables multiple treatments with incubation times in the order of seconds and the possibility to remove either of the treatments during measurement. This flexibility and the possibility to use internal control cells ensures it a valuable scientific tool for unraveling the HOG pathway, similar signal transduction pathways and other biological mechanisms where temporal resolution and real time imaging is a prerequisite.
Synthesis and Biological Properties of Novel Triazole-Thiol and Thiadiazole Derivatives of the 1,2,4-Triazole-3(5)-one Class
Authors: Düğdü Esra , Ünver Yasemin , Ünlüer Dilek , Sancak Kemal
Published: February 2014

2,2'-(4,4'(Butane-1,4-diyl/hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4- triazole-4,1-diyl)) diacetohydrazides 3a,b were obtained via the formation of diethyl 2,2'-(4,4'(butane-1,4-diyl/hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazole-4,1- diyl))diacetates 2a,b, obtained starting from di-[3(methyl-2-yl-methyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2,4]-triazole-5-one-4yl]-n-alkanes 1a,b in two steps. The synthesis of the compounds 7a,b–9a,b incorporating the 1,3,4-thiadiazole, and 10a,b–11a,b with a 1,2,4-triazole-thiol nucleus as the second heterocycle, was performed by the acidic or basic treatment of compounds 4a,b–6a,b which were obtained from the reaction of 3a,b with several isothiocyanates. Newly synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activities and their antioxidant properties by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Compounds 4a,b, 5a,b, and 6a,b were found to possess good antioxidant properties. Almost all compounds have significant antimicrobial activities.