bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Shear on the Properties of an Associated Polymer Solution for Oil Displacement
Authors: Jiao Guoying , Zhu Shijie , Ye Zhongbin , Shu Zheng , Wang Xijin , Wang Daming
Published: January 2023

Polymer flooding is one of the techniques used to enhance oil recovery from depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs. Although this technology is popular for this application, the shearing effect in the injection process causes poor performance, which is an obstacle to meeting the needs of the formation. An experimental evaluation of the rheological properties, viscoelasticity, hydrodynamic size, static adsorption, and seepage characteristics of the associated polymer solution before and after shearing was conducted to determine the influence of shearing on the polymer solution. The results show that the effect of shear on the polymer was irreversible, and the properties of the polymer solution damaged by shear were attenuated. After the critical associating concentration, the associated polymer can recover its solution properties through hydrophobic association, which can improve the shear resistance of the polymer solution and make its own rheological law and reduce the viscoelastic change. Although the hydrodynamic size, viscoelasticity, and adsorption capacity of the polymer solution after shear failure decreased, strong flow resistance during porous media seepage and mobility control was achieved. Improving the shear resistance of the polymer solution by increasing the intermolecular force is proposed to develop new polymer systems for subsequent oil displacement.
Conformational Parameters and Hydrodynamic Behavior of Poly(2-Methyl-2-Oxazoline) in a Broad Molar Mass Range
Authors: Gubarev Alexander S. , Lezov Alexey A. , Podsevalnikova Anna N. , Mikusheva Nina G. , Fetin Petr A. , Zorin Ivan M. , Aseyev Vladimir O. , Sedlacek Ondrej , Hoogenboom Richard , Tsvetkov Nikolai V.
Published: January 2023

In this work, we report our results on the hydrodynamic behavior of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMeOx). PMeOx is gaining significant attention for use as hydrophilic polymer in pharmaceutical carriers as an alternative for the commonly used poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), for which antibodies are found in a significant fraction of the human population. The main focus of the current study is to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of PMeOx under physiological conditions, which serves as basis for better understanding of the use of PMeOx in pharmaceutical applications. This goal was achieved by studying PMeOx solutions in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a solvent at 37 °C. This study was performed based on two series of PMeOx samples; one series is synthesized by conventional living cationic ring-opening polymerization, which is limited by the maximum chain length that can be achieved, and a second series is obtained by an alternative synthesis strategy based on acetylation of well-defined linear poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) prepared by controlled side-chain hydrolysis of a defined high molar mass of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline). The combination of these two series of PMeOx allowed the determination of the Kuhn–Mark–Houwink–Sakurada equations in a broad molar mass range. For intrinsic viscosity, sedimentation and diffusion coefficients, the following expressions were obtained: η=0.015M0.77, s0=0.019M0.42 and D0=2600M−0.58, respectively. As a result, it can be concluded that the phosphate-buffered saline buffer at 37 °C represents a thermodynamically good solvent for PMeOx, based on the scaling indices of the equations. The conformational parameters for PMeOx chains were also determined, revealing an equilibrium rigidity or Kuhn segment length, (A) of 1.7 nm and a polymer chain diameter (d) of 0.4 nm. The obtained value for the equilibrium rigidity is very similar to the reported values for other hydrophilic polymers, such as PEG, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), making PMeOx a relevant alternative to PEG.
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene-Based Composites with Permalloy with Tailored Magnetic Response
Authors: Merazzo Karla J. , Díez Ander García , Tubio Carmen R. , Manchado Juan Carlos , Malet Ramón , Pérez Marc , Costa Pedro , Lanceros-Mendez Senentxu
Published: January 2023

This work reports on tailoring the magnetic properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)-based composites for their application in magnetoactive systems, such as magnetic sensors and actuators. The magnetic properties of the composites are provided by the inclusion of varying permalloy (Py—Ni75Fe20Mo5) nanoparticle content within the ABS matrix. Composites with Py nanoparticle content up to 80 wt% were prepared and their morphological, mechanical, thermal, dielectric and magnetic properties were evaluated. It was found that ABS shows the capability to include high loads of the filler without negatively influencing its thermal and mechanical properties. In fact, the thermal properties of the ABS matrix are basically unaltered with the inclusion of the Py nanoparticles, with the glass transition temperatures of pristine ABS and its composites remaining around 105 °C. The mechanical properties of the composites depend on filler content, with the Young’s modulus ranging from 1.16 GPa for the pristine ABS up to 1.98 GPa for the sample with 60 wt% filler content. Regarding the magnetic properties, the saturation magnetization of the composites increased linearly with increasing Py content up to a value of 50.9 emu/g for the samples with 80 wt% of Py content. A numerical model has been developed to support the findings about the magnetic behavior of the NP within the ABS. Overall, the slight improvement in the mechanical properties and the magnetic properties provides the ABS composites new possibilities for applications in magnetoactive systems, including magnetic sensors, actuators and magnetic field shielding.
Detection of Leachable Components from Conventional and Dental Bulk-Fill Resin Composites (High and Low Viscosity) Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Method
Authors: Barišić Matea Lapaš , Sarajlija Hrvoje , Klarić Eva , Knežević Alena , Sabol Ivan , Pandurić Vlatko
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate leachable components (monomers) in high and low viscosity dental bulk-fill resin composites and conventional resin composite materials after polymerization. Six bulk-fill and six conventional dental resin composite materials were used in this study. The samples of each material (three sets of triplicates) were cured for 20 s with irradiance of 1200 mW/cm2 with a LED curing unit and immersed in a 75% ethanol solution at 37 °C. The eluates from each triplicate set were analyzed after 24 h, 7 days or 28 days using liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Detectable amounts of 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were found in both Gradia materials and the amount observed across different time points was statistically different (p ˂ 0.05), with the amount in solution increasing for Gradia and decreasing for Gradia Direct flo. Bisphenol A diglycidildimethacrylate (BIS GMA) was found in Filtek and Tetric materials. Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was detected in all materials. On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences in the amounts of TEGDMA detected across different time points in either of the tested materials. Monomers HEMA, TEGDMA, 4-dimethylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (DMA BEE) and BIS GMA in bulk-fill and conventional composites (high and low viscosity) can be eluted after polymerization. The good selection of composite material and proper handling, the following of the manufacturer’s instructions for polymerization and the use of finishing and polishing procedures may reduce the elution of the unpolymerized monomers> responsible for the possible allergic and genotoxic potential of dental resin composites.
Base-Level Fluctuation Controls on Migration of Delta Lobes: A Case Study from the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Huimin Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, NE China
Authors: Yang Renchao , Li Yang , Wu Xuepeng , Di Jianqiang , Zhang Junjian , Lenhardt Nils
Published: January 2023

Sandbody distribution patterns and controls are the most important foundation for petroleum exploration and development, particularly in a lacustrine basin with rapid changes in the sedimentary environment. To provide sedimentologists and petroleum geologists around the world with an analogue for sandstone reservoir prediction, the sedimentary facies of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation (Sha-4 Member) in the Huimin Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin were analyzed, and the sequence stratigraphic framework was established based on characteristics of spontaneous potential logs and lithology. According to the findings of this study, the Sha-4 Member’s sedimentary environment was dominated by delta front and shallow lake facies. Delta front sandbodies were discovered to retrograde before prograding again throughout the established profile. The Sha-4 Member in the Huimin Depression is divided into a third-order sequence (LSC1), which can be further divided into four fourth-order sequences (MSC1 to MSC4), corresponding to the four sub-members (S4-1 to S4-4). During the development of the MSC1 to MSC4 sequences, the delta depositional scale first decreased and then increased with the changing base level. The maximum flooding surface developed within the MSC3 sequence. The Sha-4 Member sequence model reveals that the deltas in the study area exhibit self-similarity, and delta sandbodies are primarily developed in the MSC1, MSC2, and MSC4, whereas mudstone is largely developed in the MSC3.
Effect of Environmental Conditions on Strontium Adsorption by Red Soil Colloids in Southern China
Authors: Shao Yang , Zhao Yuanyuan , Luo Min , Zhao Guifang , Xu Diandou , Liu Zhiming , Ma Lingling
Published: January 2023

The fate of radionuclides in the environment is attracting increased attention. The effect of various environmental effects on the adsorption behavior of the strontium ion (Sr2+) by red soil colloids in Southern China was studied by a series of batch experiments, and the adsorption mechanism was briefly investigated as well. With the increase in the solid–liquid ratio and the concentration of Sr2+, the adsorption efficiency increased gradually. The effect of pH and ionic strength on adsorption was strong, while temperature had little effect. The adsorption data fitted to the Langmuir model indicates that the process is monolayered and homogeneous. The thermodynamic parameters also show that the adsorption of Sr2+ on red soil colloids is a spontaneous and exothermic process. The aim of this work is to gain insight into the role of red soil colloids on the fate of radionuclides in the field.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Interfacial Structure and Differential Capacitance of [BMI+][PF6−] Ionic Liquids on MoS2 Electrode
Authors: Xu Chenxuan , Xu Zhanpeng , Wang Yihai , Yang Junjie , Chen Honghui , Liu Qiuhua , Chen Gang , Yang Huachao
Published: January 2023

MoS2 nanomaterials and ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted tremendous interest as the prime electrodes and electrolytes of supercapacitors. However, the corresponding charge storage mechanisms have not yet been clearly understood. Herein, we study the molecular-level energy storage mechanisms of the MoS2 electrode in imidazolium ionic liquid ([BMI+][PF6−]) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The electric double-layer (EDL) structures of MoS2 electrodes in [BMI+][PF6−] electrolytes are comprehensively studied in terms of number density, MD snapshots, separation coefficient, and ion-electrode interaction energy. Based on this, the electric potential and electric field distributions are calculated by integrating Poisson equations. Importantly, a bell-shaped differential capacitance profile is proposed, different from the U-shaped curve from the conventional Gouy–Chapman theory. Especially, it can be well reproduced by the differential charge density curve in the Helmholtz layer. This indicates that the capacitive behaviors of the MoS2 electrode are primarily determined by the counterion population/structure in the EDL region 5.0 Å from the electrode surface. In the end, ion diffusion coefficients within different interfacial EDL regions are evaluated, revealing that dynamics are significantly suppressed by ~50% in the Helmholtz region. However, the dynamics can be recovered to a bulk state with the ion position 10 Å away from the electrode surface. The as-obtained insights reveal the charge storage mechanisms of MoS2 in ILs, which can provide useful guidance on improving the energy density of MoS2 supercapacitors.
Identity among Turkish Shi’is: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Sevgi Mehmet Ali
Published: January 2023

This article examines the cultural identity of Turkish Shi’is in a border province in East Turkey and how their ethnic and religious identities are positioned within the political and cultural context of Turkey. Shi’is living in Igdir, the easternmost province of Turkey, may share the ethnicity of the majority in Turkey, but they are in the minority in terms of their religious identity. Their cultural identity is shifting contextually and is always under construction. In this context, cultural theorist Stuart Hall explains identity as a never-ending construction, a process never completed—always in progress. This paper traces the multilayered and interdisciplinary approach of Hall’s identity interpretations and applies them to discuss the social, cultural, and political positionings of Igdir Ja’faris in Turkey. The study uses ethnographic data based on field observation and semi-structured interviews with Turkish Ja’faris in Igdir.
Distribution and Degradation Processes of Isolated Permafrost near Buried Oil Pipelines by Means of Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Ground Temperature Monitoring: A Case Study of Da Xing’anling Mountains, Northeast China
Authors: Wu Gang , Li Guoyu , Cao Yapeng , Chen Dun , Qi Shunshun , Wang Fei , Gao Kai , Du Qingsong , Wang Xinbin , Jing Hongyuan , Zhang Zhenrong
Published: January 2023

Human engineering activities and climate warming induce permafrost degradation in the Da Xing’anling Mountains, which may affect the distribution of permafrost and the safety of infrastructure. This study uses the electrical resistivity tomography method, in combination with field surveys and ground temperature monitoring, to investigate the distribution and degradation characteristics of permafrost and influencing factors at a typical monitoring site (MDS304) near the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline (CRCOP). The results show that the isolated permafrost in this area is vulnerable to further degradation because of warm oil pipelines and thermal erosion of rivers and ponds. The isolated permafrost is degrading in three directions at the MDS304 site. Specifically, the boundary between permafrost and talik is on both sides of the CRCOP, and permafrost is distributed as islands along a cross-section with a length of about 58–60 m. At present, the vertical hydrothermal influence range of the CRCOP increased to about 10–12 m. The active layer thickness has increased at a rate of 2.0 m/a from about 2.4–6.8 m to 2.5–10.8 m from 2019 to 2021 along this cross-section. Permafrost degradation on the side of the CRCOP’s second line is more visible due to the river’s lateral thermal erosion, where the talik boundary has moved eastward about 12 m during 2018–2022 at a rate of 3.0 m/a. It is 2.25 times the westward moving speed of the talik boundary on one side of the CRCOP’s first line. In contrast, the talik boundary between the CRCOP’s first line and the G111 highway also moves westward by about 4 m in 2019–2022. Moreover, the maximum displacement of the CRCOP’s second line caused by the thawing of frozen soil has reached up to 1.78 m. The degradation of permafrost may threaten the long-term stability of the pipeline. Moreover, the research results can provide a useful reference for decision-makers to reduce the risk of pipeline freeze-thaw hazards.
Assessment of Oak Groves Conservation Statuses in Natura 2000 Sacs with Single Photon Lidar and Sentinel-2 Data
Authors: García-Galar Aitor , Lamelas M. Teresa , Domingo Darío
Published: January 2023

Among the main objectives of Natura 2000 Network sites management plans is monitoring their conservation status under a reasonable cost and with high temporal frequency. The aim of this study is to assess the ability of single-photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology (14 points per m2) and Sentinel-2 data to classify the conservation status of oak forests in four special areas of conservation in Navarra Province (Spain) that comprise three habitats. To capture the variability of conservation status within the three habitats, we first performed a random stratified sampling based on conservation status measured in the field, canopy cover, and terrain slope and height. Thereafter, we compared two metric selection approaches, namely Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests, and two machine learning classification methods, random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM), to classify the conservation statuses using LiDAR and Sentinel-2 data. The best-fit classification model, which included only LiDAR metrics, was obtained using the random forest method, with an overall classification accuracy after validation of 83.01%, 75.51%, and 88.25% for Quercus robur (9160), Quercus pyrenaica (9230), and Quercus faginea (9240) habitats, respectively. The models include three to six LiDAR metrics, with the structural diversity indices (LiDAR height evenness index, LHEI, and LiDAR height diversity index, LHDI) and canopy cover (FCC) being the most relevant ones. The inclusion of the NDVI index from the Sentinel-2 image did not improve the classification accuracy significantly. This approach demonstrates its value for classifying and subsequently mapping conservation statuses in oak groves and other Natura 2000 Network habitat sites at a regional scale, which could serve for more effective monitoring and management of high biodiversity habitats.
Novel Dual-Signal SiO2-COOH@MIPs Electrochemical Sensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Chloramphenicol in Milk
Authors: Geng Lingjun , Liu Mengyue , Huang Jingcheng , Li Falan , Zhang Yanyan , Guo Yemin , Sun Xia
Published: January 2023

In view of the great threat of chloramphenicol (CAP) to human health and the fact that a few producers have illegally used CAP in the food production process to seek economic benefits in disregard of laws and regulations and consumer health, we urgently need a detection method with convenient operation, rapid response, and high sensitivity capabilities to detect CAP in food to ensure people’s health. Herein, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrochemical sensor based on a dual-signal strategy was designed for the highly sensitive analysis of CAP in milk. The NiFe Prussian blue analog (NiFe-PBA) and SnS2 nanoflowers were modified successively on the electrode surface to obtain dual signals from [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− at 0.2 V and NiFe-PBA at 0.5 V. SiO2-COOH@MIPs that could specifically recognize CAP were synthesized via thermal polymerization using carboxylated silica microspheres (SiO2-COOH) as carriers. When the CAP was adsorbed by SiO2-COOH@MIPs, the above two oxidation peak currents decreased at the same time, allowing the double-signal analysis. The SiO2-COOH@MIPs/SnS2/NiFe-PBA/GCE sensor used for determining CAP was successfully prepared. The sensor utilized the interactions of various nanomaterials to achieve high-sensitivity dual-signal detection, which had certain innovative significance. At the same time, the MIPs were synthesized using a surface molecular imprinting technology, which could omit the time of polymerization and elution and met the requirements for rapid detection. After optimizing the experimental conditions, the detection range of the sensor was 10−8 g/L–10−2 g/L and the limit of detection reached 3.3 × 10−9 g/L (S/N = 3). The sensor had satisfactory specificity, reproducibility, and stability, and was successfully applied to the detection of real milk samples.
Effect of Noise on Determining Ultrathin-Film Parameters from QCM-D Data with the Viscoelastic Model
Authors: Johannsmann Diethelm , Langhoff Arne , Leppin Christian , Reviakine Ilya , Maan Anna M. C.
Published: January 2023

Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) is a well-established technique for studying soft films. It can provide gravimetric as well as nongravimetric information about a film, such as its thickness and mechanical properties. The interpretation of sets of overtone-normalized frequency shifts, ∆f/n, and overtone-normalized shifts in half-bandwidth, ΔΓ/n, provided by QCM-D relies on a model that, in general, contains five independent parameters that are needed to describe film thickness and frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties. Here, we examine how noise inherent in experimental data affects the determination of these parameters. There are certain conditions where noise prevents the reliable determination of film thickness and the loss tangent. On the other hand, we show that there are conditions where it is possible to determine all five parameters. We relate these conditions to the mathematical properties of the model in terms of simple conceptual diagrams that can help users understand the model’s behavior. Finally, we present new open source software for QCM-D data analysis written in Python, PyQTM.
Exploring the Role of the Connection Length of Screen-Printed Electrodes towards the Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Wuamprakhon Phatsawit , Ferrari Alejandro Garcia-Miranda , Crapnell Robert D. , Pimlott Jessica L. , Rowley-Neale Samuel J. , Davies Trevor J. , Sawangphruk Montree , Banks Craig E.
Published: January 2023

Zero-emission hydrogen and oxygen production are critical for the UK to reach net-zero greenhouse gasses by 2050. Electrochemical techniques such as water splitting (electrolysis) coupled with renewables energy can provide a unique approach to achieving zero emissions. Many studies exploring electrocatalysts need to “electrically wire” to their material to measure their performance, which usually involves immobilization upon a solid electrode. We demonstrate that significant differences in the calculated onset potential for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be observed when using screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) of differing connection lengths which are immobilized with a range of electrocatalysts. This can lead to false improvements in the reported performance of different electrocatalysts and poor comparisons between the literature. Through the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, uncompensated ohmic resistance can be overcome providing more accurate Tafel analysis.
Comparative Long-Wave Infrared Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Employing 1-D and 2-D Focal Plane Array Detectors
Authors: Yang Clayton S.-C. , Jin Feng , Trivedi Sudhir , Hommerich Uwe , Samuels Alan C.
Published: January 2023

Long-wave infrared (LWIR) emissions of laser-induced plasma on solid potassium chloride and acetaminophen tablet surfaces were studied using both a one-dimensional (1-D) linear array detection system and, for the first time, a two-dimensional (2-D) focal plane array (FPA) detection system. Both atomic and molecular infrared emitters in the vicinity of the plasma were identified by analyzing the detected spectral signatures in the infrared region. Time- and space-resolved long-wave infrared emissions were also studied to assess the temporal and spatial behaviors of atomic and molecular emitters in the plasma. These pioneer temporal and spatial investigations of infrared emissions from laser-induced plasma would be valuable to the modeling of plasma evolutions and the advances of the novel LWIR laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). When integrated both temporally (≥200 µs) and spatially using a 2-D FPA detector, the observed intensities and signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of single-shot LWIR LIBS signature emissions from intact molecules were considerably enhanced (e.g., with enhancement factors up to 16 and 3.76, respectively, for a 6.62 µm band of acetaminophen molecules) and, in general, comparable to those from the atomic emitters. Pairing LWIR LIBS with conventional ultraviolet–visible–near infrared (UV/Vis/NIR) LIBS, a simultaneous UV/Vis/NIR + LWIR LIBS detection system promises unprecedented capability of in situ, real-time, and stand-off investigation of both atomic and molecular target compositions to detect and characterize a range of chemistries.
Servitization 4.0 as a Trigger for Sustainable Business: Evidence from Automotive Digital Supply Chain
Authors: Jankovic-Zugic Anja , Medic Nenad , Pavlovic Marko , Todorovic Tanja , Rakic Slavko
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic strengthens the use of digital services in the supply chains of manufacturers and suppliers in the automotive industry. Furthermore, the digitalization of the production process changed how manufacturing firms manage their value chains in the era of Industry 4.0. The automotive sector represents the ecosystem with rapid digital transformation, which provides a strong relationship between manufacturing firms in supply chains. However, there are many gaps in understanding how digital technologies and services could better shape relations between manufacturers and suppliers in the automotive industry. Accordingly, this study investigates the relations in deliveries of digital services in supply chains of the automotive industry. The data set was obtained through annual reports of the automotive firms, both from suppliers and manufacturers, between 2018 and 2020. From the network perspective, throughout the years, authors have used Social Network Analysis (SNA) method. SNA evaluates the relationship between actors (i.e., manufacturers and suppliers) in the use of services in their business models. The research results demonstrate how suppliers influence car manufacturers to deliver digital services to their customers. Finally, this study provides information that the combination of digital technologies with product-related services enables a stronger relationship between manufacturers and suppliers in the manufacturing ecosystem. These relations support the manufacturing ecosystem to survive the influence of different environments.
Energizing Higher Education Sustainability through Rural-Community Development Activation
Authors: Kusmulyono Muhammad Setiawan , Dhewanto Wawan , Famiola Melia
Published: January 2023

Higher education institutions play important roles in the community. Unfortunately, measuring the accomplishment of HEIs in developing communities is challenging. Most HEI contributions to the community are merely a formality and moral obligation. This study’s identified gap is the absence of integration of community development activities into HEIs, which would boost their impact on environmental sustainability. This study intends to investigate how institutions that support entrepreneurial-oriented community development affect students’ learning and impact society. This study employs an action research approach to develop long-term actionable knowledge. This approach employed a case study from the Rural Community Development Program, a community empowerment program based on institutionalized entrepreneurship practices (formal courses in the curriculum) from ABC University (a pseudonym). The RCDP allows the HEI to interact with society through a dual simultaneous cycle which allow knowledge transfer, social value transfer, and business development with its partners. This model allows more than 100 groups of students at ABC University to be more focused in developing community. On the theoretical side, the RCDP contributes by encouraging the role of social entrepreneurship courses which provides a more significant impact through practice-based lectures while also significantly impacting rural communities’ business knowledge in developing their micro enterprises.
The Steady Seepage Line Equation of Ionic Rare Earth Ore (IREO) In Situ Leached with Long Strip Bare Feet and Its Application
Authors: Gui Yong , Li Nana , Luo Sihai , Wang Guanshi
Published: January 2023

Without a reliable design method for the leaching and seepage step of in situ leaching (ISL), problems such as low comprehensive resource recovery rate and frequent geological disasters such as landslides are prominent. This study established a simplified “liquid injection-collection” plane model of ISL with a linear barefoot type rare earth mine as the research object. The steady seepage line equation was derived based on groundwater dynamics and the Dupuit assumption. Then, engineering verification and calculation error analysis were performed. The seepage line equation is expressed as a piecewise function, where the seepage line in the liquid injection area is the upper half of the ellipse line, and the one in the non-liquid injection area is a parabola. The calculation error increases along the flow field direction. The seepage gradient, bedrock gradient, liquid injection range, and relative permeability coefficient have limited influence on the calculation error of the equation. The seepage line equation can be fairly applied in ISL. The seepage line equation can provide a theoretical basis for the “prior prediction (design)” of the “liquid injection/collection” leaching and seepage process in ISL.
Improved Recovery of Overloaded Anaerobic Batch Reactors by Graphene Oxide
Authors: Ponzelli Michele , Nguyen Hiep , Drewes Jörg E. , Koch Konrad
Published: January 2023

Anaerobic digestion reactors may suffer from acidification when overloading occurs. Carbon-based materials are amended to mitigate the souring effects of excessive loading. This study aims to test if graphene oxide (GO) helps overloaded anaerobic reactors recover faster. Batch tests were conducted following a fed-batch strategy at different GO levels (0, 10, and 20 mg GO per g of volatile solid (VS)) and different inoculum substrate ratios (ISRs) of 2, 1, and 0.75 based on VS. While an ISR of 2 was initially applied, the ISR was decreased to 1 and 0.75 in two parallel sets of experiments to simulate overloading conditions at the fourth feeding cycle. Lastly, an ISR of 2 was restored in all assays. First-order model kinetic constants confirmed a significant (p < 0.05) effect by GO from the third feed on. Although the GO-amended assays did not alleviate the acidification effects, during the final phase the kinetic constants reached values similar to or even above the controls (without GO). Moreover, a GO concentration up to 20 mgGO/gVS had no impact on FOS/TAC. Overall, this study broadens the understanding of the design and operation of anaerobic reactors amended with GO.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Based on Multitemporal Remote Sensing Image Change Detection and Multiexponential Band Math
Authors: Yu Xianyu , Xia Yang , Zhou Jianguo , Jiang Weiwei
Published: January 2023

Landslides pose a great threat to the safety of people’s lives and property within disaster areas. In this study, the Zigui to Badong section of the Three Gorges Reservoir is used as the study area, and the land use (LU), land use change (LUC) and band math (band) factors from 2016–2020 along with six selected commonly used factors are used to form a land use factor combination (LUFC), land use change factor combination (LUCFC) and band math factor combination (BMFC). An artificial neural network (ANN), a support vector machine (SVM) and a convolutional neural network (CNN) are chosen as the three models for landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM). The results show that the BMFC is generally better than the LUFC and the LUCFC. For the validation set, the highest simple ranking scores for the three models were obtained for the BMFC (37.2, 32.8 and 39.2), followed by the LUFC (28, 26.6 and 31.8) and the LUCFC (26.8, 28.6 and 20); that is, the band-based predictions are better than those based on the LU and LUC, and the CNN model provides the best prediction ability. According to the four groups of experimental results with ANNs, compared with LU and LUC, band is easier to access, yields higher predictive performance, and provides stronger stability. Thus, band can replace LU and LUC to a certain extent and provide support for automatic and real-time landslide monitoring.
Influence of Financial Support to Agriculture on Carbon Emission Intensity of the Industry
Authors: Gao Yuling , Cai Man , He Xin
Published: January 2023

Financial support to agriculture is an important means by which to support agricultural development. While promoting agricultural economic growth, it also has an influence on the agricultural production environment. In order to explore the sustainable development of the agricultural economy, based on the provincial panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2020, this paper uses Geoda software to construct a spatial distance weight matrix and uses Stata software to establish a spatial Durbin model of random effects, and analyzes the influence of the level of financial support to agriculture on the intensity of agricultural carbon emission (ACE). The results show that the support level has a significant spatial spillover effect, and that every 1% increase in the support level will increase the carbon emission (CE) intensity of the province by 0.1357% and the CE intensity of neighboring provinces by 0.0714%. Based on this, this paper puts forward suggestions that the structure of China’s financial support to agriculture needs to be further optimized, and that it is necessary to use such support to coordinate emission reduction.
Visit and Management of Historic Gardens during COVID-19 from the Owners/Managers Perspective: Portugal as a Case Study
Authors: Silva Susana , Carvalho Paulo
Published: January 2023

Gardens around the world, including in Portugal, were enjoying a growth in visitor numbers before the COVID-19 pandemic. The closing of the gates was followed by an immediate fall in visitor numbers and consequent loss of income. However, this disruptive period also acted as a challenge and an opportunity for tourist attractions such as gardens to adapt and reinvent themselves in the wake of new demands imposed by COVID-19, aiming to restore the trust of visitors and maintain or increase the public’s engagement with gardens and consequently maintain its sustainability. Taking this framework into account, the purpose of this study is to ascertain the impact of the pandemic on visiting and managing gardens, especially in terms of the precautions applied when they reopened and the measures taken to keep them functioning and reaching people during this period. To accomplish this, a literature review has been carried out and a survey questionnaire subsequently applied to the managers or owners of a selected group of Portuguese historic gardens regarded as major tourist attractions. The findings show that a drop in visitors and income were the immediate and the main negative impacts, having both negative and positive consequences for the maintenance of spaces. Gardens were also able to adapt and continue to function under adverse conditions as well as to incorporate safety requirements in their reopening periods. However, not all gardens responded in the same way to the challenges posed by the pandemic with regard to their relationship with the public. Two groups of gardens were recognized: one that remained passive and took no relevant actions in this period, and another more pro-active group that implemented or reinforced strategies to encourage visits both physical and virtual, and to strengthen their connection with the public, particularly in the digital domain. Respondents also note that they recorded a positive response from the public, specifically local residents. The vast majority agree that gardens became popular places immediately after the lockdown periods; future studies on garden visitors could consolidate this finding. In the post-COVID period, the gardens’ challenge is to maintain or improve their connection and interaction with audiences achieved during the pandemic, especially the national and local communities.
Biochar Integrated Nutrient Application Improves Crop Productivity, Sustainability and Profitability of Maize–Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Sarwar Naeem , Abbas Naseem , Farooq Omer , Akram Muhammad , Hassan Muhammad Waqar , Mubeen Khuram , Rehman Atique-ur , Shehzad Muhammad , Ahmad Matlob , Khaliq Abdul
Published: January 2023

Enhancing cereal crop production to feed the largely growing population is an important approach towards maintaining food security. Fertilizer management is the major component of crop production requiring special attention for sustainable application. Integrated nutrient management (INM) is an evolving idea, which appears to contribute to sustainable nutrient management. A field study was designed to see the impact of INM on a maize–wheat cropping system during winter (wheat) and summer (maize) season at Agronomic Research Farm, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. Both wheat and maize crops were grown consecutively along with full inorganic fertilizer (NPK) as well as with partial dose of fertilizer (25%, 50%, 75% NPK) supplemented with or without the addition of biochar (5 ton/ha). Data were collected regarding crop growth, yield and quality and further analyzed using MSTAT-C statistics software. Results revealed that the INM approach (75% of NPK + Biochar) enabled crops to improve dry matter production and its translocation towards sink which in turn boosted the crop productivity. This treatment improved dry matter (19%, 57%), grain weight (44%, 54%), grain yield (60%, 63%) and harvest index (30%, 29%) over the control in maize and wheat crops. It also improved the nutrient uptake in the plants which in turn improved the nutrient contents in the grains. Similarly, crops recorded higher system productivity (USD 790, USD 830) in both years and were found to be economically sustainable under INM. It was concluded that an INM strategy (75% of NPK + Biochar) can improve the productivity and sustainability of a maize–wheat cropping system to maintain the food security.
Renewable Energy Potential for Micro-Grid at Hvide Sande
Authors: Potapenko Tatiana , Döhler Jessica S. , Francisco Francisco , Lavidas George , Temiz Irina
Published: January 2023

Decarbonization of ports is a major goal to reduce their global carbon footprint. The port of Hvide Sande is located on the coast of the North Sea in Denmark and it has the potential to utilize various renewable energy sources. Wind and solar thermal parks are already installed there. Wave energy is an alternative to solar and wind energies and its advantage is the spatial concentration, predictability, and persistence. Heat to the town is provided by Hvide Sande Fjernvarme. In this work, it is investigated if the heat demand could be fully covered by renewable energies. Power profiles for each renewable energy resource were calculated using 30 years of re-analysis environmental data. Long, mid, and short term time series of power supply has been statistically and quantitatively examined. Considering the heat demand of Hvide Sande, the lowest frequency of zero occurrence in power generation can be ensured by the combination of wind, solar energy and wave. The article also estimated the capacity for Lithium-ion batteries. The optimal size of the battery is found by the bisection method. Finally, different combinations of renewable energy and demand as well as batteries are evaluated. The lowest zero occurrences in power production is met by the mix of three renewable energies. Also, the mix of three renewable energies significantly reduces the value of energy, required from the battery.
Establishing Communities of Value for Sustainable Localized Food Products: The Case of Mediterranean Olive Oil
Authors: Radić Ivana , Monaco Clara , Cerdan Claire , Peri Iuri
Published: January 2023

This case study of the Mediterranean extra virgin olive oil value chain aims to contribute empirical evidence to incorporating the agrobiodiversity concept within mechanisms for value enhancement of origin products, within sustainable local value chains, via building a community around products. The tools and mechanisms for market competitiveness and product differentiation of quality origin products are illustrated, contributing to food systems’ transition towards sustainable development. Our analysis provides three stages of community building around the sustainable, local product: (1) The product positioning phase: all the activities chosen by the producer for the agricultural production, processing, and marketing for value enhancement; all the activities performed before the consumer encounters the product. (2) The consumer attraction phase: the moment when the consumer becomes familiarized with the product; the phase where the institutional capital plays an important role, as often the producers enter markets supported by different groups, networks, or institutions with which they partner. (3) Communities of value co-creation: the final stage of consumer engagement with the product. Communities of value connecting individuals through similar values of sustainability, agrobiodiversity, defending and respecting the environment, and tasty, nutritious food, are substantial components for the transition towards more sustainable origin food systems.
Combined Effects of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and NPK Fertilizer on Growth and Yields of Maize and Soil Nutrient Availability
Authors: Fall Abdoulaye Fofana , Nakabonge Grace , Ssekandi Joseph , Founoune-Mboup Hassna , Badji Arfang , Ndiaye Abibatou , Ndiaye Malick , Kyakuwa Paul , Anyoni Otim Godfrey , Kabaseke Clovis , Ronoh Amos Kipkemoi , Ekwangu Joseph
Published: January 2023

The excessive application of mineral fertilizers in maize cultivation leads to progressive soil contamination in the long term and increases the cost of production. An alternative to reduce over-fertilization is to perform a partial replacement with microbes that promote nutrition and growth, such as Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). A pot experiment which was followed by two field experiments was performed with and without the application of indigenous AMF in combination with five nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) fertilization rates (100% NPK = N120P60K60; 75% NPK = N90P45K45; 50% NPK = N60P30K30; 25% NPK = N30P15K15; control = N0P0K0). The objective was to investigate whether the soil application of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi inoculum combined with NPK fertilization can provide higher maize yields and soil-available N, P, and K than chemical fertilization can alone. The greenhouse results showed that the application of AMF with a 50% NPK treatment significantly increased the plant’s growth, root colonization, leaf chlorophyll content, and N, P, and K tissue content. The results from the field conditions showed that there was a highly significant yield after the treatment with AMF + 50% NPK. The study also revealed that mycorrhizal fungi inoculation increased the available soil N and P concentrations when it was combined with a 50% NPK dose. This suggests that the inoculation of fields with AM fungi can reduce the chemical fertilizer application by half, while improving soil chemistry. The results suggested that AMF inoculation can be used in integrated soil fertility management strategies.
Research on Purchase Intention of E-Commerce Poverty Alleviation Products Based on Perceived Justice Perspective
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Li Guangming , Jiang Rongmei
Published: January 2023

This study is to empirically test whether and how perceived justice affects consumers’ purchase intention regarding e-commerce poverty alleviation products (ECPAP). Based on social exchange theory, self-regulation attitude theory, and the analysis of other relevant literature, this study proposes a model of perceived justice affecting purchase intention regarding ECPAP, in which emotional attitude is the mediator and consumers’ perceived self-serving motivation (CPSSM) is the moderating variable. Three-hundred and eighteen valid observations were collected using the questionnaire method, and these data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 22.0. The results showed that all three dimensions of perceived justice significantly and positively affect the purchase intention of ECPAP, and this effect is negatively moderated by CPSSM. In addition, an emotional attitude partially mediates the linkage between perceived justice and the intention to purchase ECPAP. The findings not only enrich the research on perceived justice and e-commerce poverty alleviation, but also provide management implications for promoting the benign sales of ECPAP from the perspective of merchants and related subjects. To a certain extent, the above findings can also be extended to other countries’ poverty reduction and rural construction work.
Real-Time Anomaly Detection in Cold Chain Transportation Using IoT Technology
Authors: Gillespie James , da Costa Tamíris Pacheco , Cama-Moncunill Xavier , Cadden Trevor , Condell Joan , Cowderoy  Tom , Ramsey Elaine , Murphy Fionnuala , Kull Marco , Gallagher Robert , Ramanathan Ramakrishnan
Published: January 2023

There are approximately 88 million tonnes of food waste generated annually in the EU alone. Food spoilage during distribution accounts for some of this waste. To minimise this spoilage, it is of utmost importance to maintain the cold chain during the transportation of perishable foods such as meats, fruits, and vegetables. However, these products are often unfortunately wasted in large quantities when unpredictable failures occur in the refrigeration units of transport vehicles. This work proposes a real-time IoT anomaly detection system to detect equipment failures and provide decision support options to warehouse staff and delivery drivers, thus reducing potential food wastage. We developed a bespoke Internet of Things (IoT) solution for real-time product monitoring and alerting during cold chain transportation, which is based on the Digital Matter Eagle cellular data logger and two temperature probes. A visual dashboard was developed to allow logistics staff to perform monitoring, and business-defined temperature thresholds were used to develop a text and email decision support system, notifying relevant staff members if anomalies were detected. The IoT anomaly detection system was deployed with Musgrave Marketplace, Ireland’s largest grocery distributor, in three of their delivery vans operating in the greater Belfast area. Results show that the LTE-M cellular IoT system is power efficient and avoids sending false alerts due to the novel alerting system which was developed based on trip detection.