bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metalla‐Carbaporphyrinoids Consisting of an Acyclic N‐Confused Tetrapyrrole Analogue Served as Stable Near‐Infrared‐II Dyes
Authors: Basumatary Biju , Tsuruda Hidetoshi , Szczepanik Dariusz W. , Lee Jiyeon , Ryu Jaehyeok , Mori Shigeki , Yamagata Kyo , Tanaka Takayuki , Muranaka Atsuya , Uchiyama Masanobu , Kim Jiwon , Ishida Masatoshi , Furuta Hiroyuki
Published: April 2024

We present herein the synthesis of novel pseudo‐metalla‐carbaporphyrinoid species (1M: M=Pd and Pt) achieved through the inner coordination of palladium(II) and platinum(II) with an acyclic N‐confused tetrapyrrin analogue. Despite their tetrapyrrole frameworks being small, akin to well‐known porphyrins, these species exhibit an unusually narrow HOMO–LUMO gap, resulting in an unprecedentedly low‐energy absorption in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) region. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed unique dπ‐pπ‐conjugated electronic structures involving the metal dπ‐ligand pπ hybridized molecular orbitals of 1M. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy confirmed distinct electronic structures. Remarkably, the complexes feature an open‐metal coordination site in the peripheral NN dipyrrin site, forming hetero‐metal complexes (1Pd‐BF2 and 1Pt‐BF2) through boron difluoride complexation. The resulting hetero metalla‐carbaporphyrinoid species displayed further redshifted NIR‐II absorption, highly efficient photothermal conversion efficiencies (η; 62–65 %), and exceptional photostability. Despite the challenges associated with the theoretical and experimental assessment of dπ‐pπ‐conjugated metalla‐aromaticity in relatively larger (more than 18π electrons) polycyclic ring systems, these organometallic planar tetrapyrrole systems could serve as potential molecular platforms for aromaticity‐relevant NIR‐II dyes.
Anatomy beyond the pandemic: A Q‐methodology study exploring student perceptions toward a hybrid curriculum
Authors: Metla Sai Gayathri , Akhtar‐Danesh Noori , Saini Jessica , Bayer Ilana , Mezil Yasmeen , Brewer‐Deluce Danielle , Wainman Bruce C.
Published: April 2024

As a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, anatomy education was forced to adopt online modes of delivery. Previous research on student views revealed areas of strong preference (asynchronous lectures) and strong dislike (virtual specimens) in online anatomy courses. The current study seeks to compare the views of a single cohort of students experiencing both online and in‐person undergraduate introductory anatomy and physiology courses. This comparison can highlight what students consider beneficial to their education and can inform future hybrid course offerings. Q‐methodology was used to assess the opinions of students. Students sorted 41 statements on anatomy education in a quasi‐normally distributed grid based on their degree of agreement with the statements. The rankings underwent a by‐person factor analysis which categorized students with shared perceptions into groups. Data were collected from 246 students in the primarily online fall semester and 191 students in the primarily in‐person winter semester. Analysis revealed three distinct factors (groups) in the cohort. Factor one (n = 113 (fall), n = 93 (winter)), was satisfied overall with the course materials and delivery. Factor two (n = 52 (fall), n = 18 (winter)) had a deep dislike of online learning, and factor three (n = 37 (fall), n = 49 (winter)) had a strong preference for online learning. While many students were comfortable in both online and in‐person learning environments, this was not the case for all learners. The strengths and weaknesses of each teaching modality suggest the opportunity to explore hybrid learning as an option for future course offerings and specifically highlight valuable aspects to incorporate from each environment.
Quasi‐synchronization for complex networks under deception attacks via saturated impulsive control
Authors: Feng Jianwen , Ma Ming , Yi Chengbo , Wang Jingyi , Zhao Yi
Published: April 2024

This paper addresses the issue of saturated impulsive control for a class of dynamical networks with hybrid delays and unknown bounded disturbances that are susceptible to deception attacks. Achieving local exponential quasi‐synchronization is the objective. Physical networks are often restricted by saturation, making them more vulnerable to cyberattacks that can disrupt network performance. Unlike previous studies on saturated impulsive control, this paper fully considers the effect of deception attacks on saturated impulse by proposing a new constraint of set inclusion. Criteria for the local quasi‐synchronization problem are established using the Lyapunov method and the comparison principle of impulsive systems. Our results demonstrate that the error bounds for quasi‐synchronization are closely linked to the impulsive interval, time‐delay, intensity of external disturbances, and deception attacks. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Energy community with shared photovoltaic and storage systems: influence of power demand in cost optimization
Authors: De Blasis Riccardo , Pacelli Graziella , Vergine Salvatore
Published: April 2024

Energy management of distributed energy resources has gradually become a complex problem because of the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic power, and the large use of energy storage systems. A way to deal with these issues is to operate within an energy community. However, the efficient management of the community in terms of costs is particularly relevant. Specifically, the minimization of the energy community costs, which consists of properly utilizing shared energy storage and renewable energy sources, becomes an important objective. In this context, a fundamental role is played by demand power characteristics which strongly influence the benefits brought by this energy management scheme. This work investigates the influence of the variability of power demand on the minimization of the operating cost problem of an energy community while determining the optimal capacity of the energy storage system that increases the self‐consumption potential of the photovoltaic source. Two main scenarios are implemented where the effects of considering the community photovoltaic capacity as a variable or a parameter on costs and energy storage system size are investigated. This analysis consists of a multi‐objective optimization coupled with a Monte Carlo framework. The community management is conducted by considering random power demand profiles of each unit belonging to the same community, and different sizes, categories of users and users' aggregations. A comparison is led among different users' categories in terms of costs, photovoltaic unit and energy storage system size. The results provide an overview of how each category benefits from taking part in an energy community both in terms of cost and energy storage and photovoltaic sizes and show how these aspects change within a multi‐category aggregation where each category makes a different contribution to the community. In particular, we find evidence of the “synergy effect” brought by multi‐category aggregations capable of exploiting differences in consumption profiles. Each building category, with its numerosity, has a different effect on the energy community, resulting in a different impact on total costs and cost savings. We also investigate how the energy storage system capacity is affected by both the available photovoltaic capacity and the consumption profiles of the categories within the energy community.
CEA (CEACAM5) expression is common in muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder but unrelated to the disease course
Authors: Plage Henning , Furlano Kira , Neymeyer Jörg , Weinberger Sarah , Gerdes Benedikt , Hubatsch Mandy , Ralla Bernhard , Franz Antonia , Fendler Annika , de Martino Michela , Roßner Florian , Schallenberg Simon , Elezkurtaj Sefer , Kluth Martina , Lennartz Maximilian , Blessin Niclas C. , Marx Andreas H. , Samtleben Henrik , Fisch Margit , Rink Michael , Kaczmarek Krystian , Ecke Thorsten , Hallmann Steffen , Koch Stefan , Adamini Nico , Minner Sarah , Simon Ronald , Sauter Guido , Weischenfeldt Joachim , Klatte Tobias , Schlomm Thorsten , Horst David , Zecha Henrik , Slojewski Marcin
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a cell surface glycoprotein that represents a promising therapeutic target. Serum measurement of shedded CEA can be utilized for monitoring of cancer patients.

Material and Methods

To evaluate the potential clinical significance of CEA expression in urothelial bladder neoplasms, CEA was analysed by immunohistochemistry in more than 2500 urothelial bladder carcinomas in a tissue microarray format.

Results

CEA staining was largely absent in normal urothelial cells but was observed in 30.4% of urothelial bladder carcinomas including 406 (16.7%) with weak, 140 (5.8%) with moderate, and 192 (7.9%) with strong staining. CEA positivity occurred in 10.9% of 411 pTaG2 low‐grade, 32.0% of 178 pTaG2 high‐grade, and 43.0% of 93 pTaG3 tumours (p < 0.0001). In 1335 pT2–4 carcinomas, CEA positivity (34.1%) was lower than in pTaG3 tumours. Within pT2–4 carcinomas, CEA staining was unrelated to pT, pN, grade, L‐status, V‐status, overall survival, recurrence free survival, and cancer specific survival (p > 0.25).

Conclusion

CEA increases markedly with grade progression in pTa tumours, and expression occurs in a significant fraction of pT2–4 urothelial bladder carcinomas. The high rate of CEA positivity in pT2–4 carcinomas offers the opportunity of using CEA serum measurement for monitoring the clinical course of these cancers. Moreover, CEA positive urothelial carcinomas are candidates for a treatment by targeted anti‐CEA drugs.
Consulting Multiple Advisors: When It Hurts and When It Does Not Hurt the Advisor–Advisee Relationship?
Authors: Palmeira Mauricio , Spassova Gerri
Published: April 2024

Consulting multiple advisors tends to improve decision quality; however, limited understanding exists regarding how advisors respond to the presence of co‐advisors. Previous research has cautioned about the potential interpersonal costs of seeking advice from multiple sources. It suggests that advisors may perceive their advice as less likely to be utilized, diminishing their willingness to continue assisting the seeker. In contrast, we propose that advisors are generally unconcerned if seekers consult others, as long as they are informed before offering advice. We argue that advisors do not closely monitor or dwell on the utilization of their advice and maintain a positive attitude toward the seeker unless they infer rejection of their advice. In three studies, we show that disclosing a co‐advisor upfront completely eliminates any negative interpersonal effects by rendering inferences about advice rejection implausible. Advisors respond as if they were the sole advisor irrespective of the presence of multiple co‐advisors and regardless of whether they are consulted first of second.
Using the disequilibrium theory in behavior change projects on homework and social media usage
Authors: de Merlier George , Romanowich Paul
Published: April 2024

The disequilibrium theory suggests restricting a behavior below baseline levels will induce response deficit and make that behavior a more impactful reinforcer. This reinforcement principle was incorporated into a behavior change project for eight students, where the instrumental behavior was homework, and the contingent behavior was social media (SM) access. Students self‐selected their level of SM access deficit and completed both a baseline and treatment phase during the first 8 weeks of an undergraduate learning and behavior course. Most students increased daily homework rates during treatment relative to baseline, although the average increase was not statistically significant. Daily SM rates were significantly decreased during treatment relative to baseline, which was evidence of response deficit. Students rated the behavior change project high on most social validity measures. These results indicate that behavior change projects based on the disequilibrium theory are a viable way to induce changes in socially significant behaviors.
Changes in rural caregivers' health behaviors while supporting someone with cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Johnston Elizabeth A. , Collins Katelyn E. , Vicario Jazmin N. , Sibthorpe Chris , Ireland Michael J. , Goodwin Belinda C.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Caring for someone with cancer has a significant impact on usual routines, including caregivers' ability to maintain their own health and wellbeing. Caregivers living in rural areas face additional challenges in supporting someone with cancer, and little is known about the impact of caregiving on the health behaviors of rural caregivers. Therefore, this study explored how caring for someone with cancer affected rural caregivers' health behaviors.

Methods

Through semi‐structured interviews, 20 rural caregivers described changes in their health behaviors while caring for someone with cancer and the factors underlying these changes. Specific prompts were provided for diet, physical activity, alcohol, smoking, sleep, social connection and leisure, and accessing health care when needed. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was used to identify changes in health behaviors and the factors underlying these changes. The factors identified were mapped to the socioecological framework, identifying areas for intervention across multiple levels (individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy).

Results

Rural caregivers reported both positive and negative changes to their diet, physical activity, alcohol, and smoking. Sleep, social connection and leisure, and accessing health care were negatively impacted since becoming a caregiver.

Conclusions

Designing interventions to address rural caregivers' coping strategies, reduce carer burden and fatigue, improve access to cooking and exercise facilities and social support while away from home, reduce the need to travel for treatment, and increase the financial support available could yield widespread benefits for supporting the health and wellbeing of rural caregivers.
Physicochemical Evaluation and Pharmacological Screening of Fernando Adenophylla Steenis Fruits
Authors: Hassan Arham , Saeed Muhammad Asad , Zaman Muhammad , Aslam Nazia , Khan Mahtab Ahmad , Khan Azmat Ali , Alanazi Amer M. , Kundu Milton Kumar , Barai Hasi Rani , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios
Published: April 2024

The current study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of Fernandoa adenophylla. Powder studies were carried out to estimate the quantitative physicochemical characteristics of the crude drug, including moisture content, ash content, and extractive values. Using a Soxhlet apparatus and different analytical grade solvents, 3 sample extracts of a crude drug were made. To evaluate the potentially toxic nature, an acute oral toxicity study was performed as per OECD guideline no. 423. Sample extracts were tested and analyzed by ANOVA for pharmacological potential (analgesic, antipyretic, and antidiabetic) using Wister‐Albino rats. Where physicochemical analysis indicated purity, quality, and presence of organic/inorganic materials in crude drug extracts, no sign of mortality was found up to 2000 mg/kg of body weight of Fernandoa adenophyllas extracts. Analgesic activity was observed in all sample extracts, whereas only chloroform and ethanolic extracts expressed antipyretic and antidiabetic potential. Ethanolic extract was found to be most potent in pharmacological potential as 200 mg/kg extract dose exhibited %age pain inhibition of 55.12 % and reduced body temperature from 39.78±0.03 °C to 37.22±0.02 °C in hyperthermic rats. A decrease in blood glucose levels up to 57.88 % was observed on the 21st day of the treatment with 500 mg/kg ethanolic extract.
Epitranscriptomic orchestrations: Unveiling the regulatory paradigm of m6A, A‐to‐I editing, and m5C in breast cancer via long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs
Authors: Yin Qinan , Qu Zhifeng , Mathew Regina , Zeng Li , Du Zhe , Xue Yun , Liu Dechun , Zheng Xuewei
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer (BC) poses a persistent global health challenge, particularly in countries with elevated human development indices linked to factors such as increased life expectancy, education, and wealth. Despite therapeutic progress, challenges persist, and the role of epitranscriptomic RNA modifications in BC remains inadequately understood. The epitranscriptome, comprising diverse posttranscriptional modifications on RNA molecules, holds the potential to intricately modulate RNA function and regulation, implicating dysregulation in various diseases, including BC. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), acting as posttranscriptional regulators, influence physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. RNA modifications in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) add an extra layer to gene expression control. This review delves into recent insights into epitranscriptomic RNA modifications, such as N‐6‐methyladenosine (m6A), adenine‐to‐inosine (A‐to‐I) editing, and 5‐methylcytosine (m5C), specifically in the context of lncRNA and miRNAs in BC, highlighting their potential implications in BC development and progression. Understanding this intricate regulatory landscape is vital for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying BC and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in breast cancer: Review of clinical trials and latest advances
Authors: Khorasani Ayda Baghery Saghchy , Hafezi Nasim , Sanaei Mohammad‐Javad , Jafari‐Raddani Farideh , Pourbagheri‐Sigaroodi Atieh , Bashash Davood
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. As the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is involved in a wide range of physiological functions of cells including growth, proliferation, motility, and angiogenesis, any alteration in this axis could induce oncogenic features; therefore, numerous preclinical and clinical studies assessed agents able to inhibit the components of this pathway in BC patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that analyzed all the registered clinical trials investigating safety and efficacy of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis inhibitors in BC. Of note, we found that the trends of PI3K inhibitors in recent years were superior as compared with the inhibitors of either AKT or mTOR. However, most of the trials entering phase III and IV used mTOR inhibitors (majorly Everolimus) followed by PI3K inhibitors (majorly Alpelisib) leading to the FDA approval of these drugs in the BC context. Despite favorable efficacies, our analysis shows that the majority of trials are utilizing PI3K pathway inhibitors in combination with hormone therapy and chemotherapy; implying monotherapy cannot yield huge clinical benefits, at least partly, due to the activation of compensatory mechanisms. To emphasize the beneficial effects of these inhibitors in combined‐modal strategies, we also reviewed recent studies which investigated the conjugation of nanocarriers with PI3K inhibitors to reduce harmful toxicities, increase the local concentration, and improve their efficacies in the context of BC therapy.
RAD23B mediated proteasomal degradation occurs through p38 MAPK/ATF‐2/RAD23B axis under nutrient‐deprived conditions in breast cancer
Authors: Sriaishwarya Sukumaran , Lakshmi Baddireddi Subhadra
Published: April 2024

Metabolic reprogramming in cancer occurs due to interaction of cells with the surrounding tumor microenvironment. In the microenvironment of solid tumors, nutrient deprivation is induced by high consumption of nutrients and insufficient vasculature. Tumor cells alter their metabolic strategies to adapt to the microenvironment. To understand the role of these metabolic changes, in the current study, we have mimicked nutrient deprivation condition in vitro to evaluate the associated signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. In our study, we have shown that nutritional deprivation activated p38 MAPK and activating transcription factor‐2 (ATF‐2) by increased phosphorylation of Thr180/Tyr182 and Thr71, respectively, in breast cancer cells. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK showed increased cell viability and reduced expression of ATF‐2 and RAD23B under nutrient starvation conditions. Further, silencing of ATF‐2 showed increased cell viability and decreased expression of RAD23B under nutrient starvation conditions. This suggests the involvement of p38 MAPK/ATF‐2/RAD23B axis as a signaling pathway under nutrition starvation in breast cancer cells. The RAD23B mediated proteasome activity was shown to be much higher under stress conditions indicating a crucial role of RAD23B as a target for breast cancer.
Retrograde chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention via ipsilateral collaterals
Authors: Al‐Ogaili Ahmed , Alexandrou Michaella , Rempakos Athanasios , Mutlu Deniz , Choi James W. , Poommipanit Paul , Khatri Jaikirshan J. , Alaswad Khaldoon , Basir Mir B. , Chandwaney Raj H. , Gorgulu Sevket , ElGuindy Ahmed M. , Elbarouni Basem , Jaber Wissam , Rinfret Stephane , Nicholson William , Jaffer Farouc A. , Aygul Nazif , Azzalini Lorenzo , Kearney Kathleen E. , Frizzell Jarrod , Davies Rhian , Goktekin Omer , Rangan Bavana V. , Mastrodemos Olga C. , Sandoval Yader , Nicholas Burke M. , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: April 2024

Background

There is limited data on retrograde chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via ipsilateral epicardial collaterals (IEC).

Aims

To compare the clinical and angiographic characteristics, and outcomes of retrograde CTO PCI via IEC versus other collaterals in a large multicenter registry.

Methods

Observational cohort study from the Prospective Global registry for the study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention (PROGRESS‐CTO).

Results

Of 4466 retrograde cases performed between 2012 and 2023, crossing through IEC was attempted in 191 (4.3%) cases with 50% wiring success. The most common target vessel in the IEC group was the left circumflex (50%), in comparison to other retrograde cases, where the right coronary artery was most common (70%). The Japanese CTO score was similar between the two groups (3.13 ± 1.23 vs. 3.06 ± 1.06, p = 0.456); however, the IEC group had a higher Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention (PROGRESS‐CTO) score (1.95 ± 1.02 vs. 1.27 ± 0.92, p < 0.0001). The most used IEC guidewire was the SUOH 03 (39%), and the most frequently used microcatheter was the Caravel (43%). Dual injection was less common in IEC cases (66% vs. 89%, p < 0.0001). Technical (76% vs. 79%, p = 0.317) and procedural success rates (74% vs. 79%, p = 0.281) were not different between the two groups. However, IEC cases had a higher procedural complications rate (25.8% vs. 16.4%, p = 0.0008), including perforations (17.3% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.0001), pericardiocentesis (3.1% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.018), and dissection/thrombus of the donor vessel (3.7% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

The use of IEC for retrograde CTO PCI was associated with similar technical and procedural success rates when compared with other retrograde cases, but higher incidence of periprocedural complications.
Advances in CO2 Electroreduction over Hollow Fiber Gas Diffusion Electrodes
Authors: Gao Yuanlin , Tu Xiaoyue , Liu Xiangjian , Zhang Yu , Huang Minghua , Zhu Jiawei , Jiang Heqing
Published: April 2024

CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR) to high‐value chemicals by renewable energy is a promising route for achieving carbon cycling. Traditional two‐dimensional planar electrodes applied in CO2RR are faced with problems of high mass transfer resistance, carbonate precipitation, flooding, and complicated structures, seriously limiting their CO2RR efficiency and application. Three‐dimensional hollow fiber gas diffusion electrodes (HFGDEs) are promising candidates due to their rich specific surface area, low mass transfer resistance, simplified component, and no flooding trouble, which are beneficial for achieving high current density as well as high CO2RR efficiency. In this review, we provide inspirations and positive paradigms for the rational design of HFGDE toward CO2RR by following part: 1. The mechanism of CO2RR. 2. The classification of the typical metal‐based CO2RR catalysts. 3. The preparation process of HFGDEs. 4. Recent advanced HFGDE studies for CO2RR. 5. Challenges at this stage and future development of HFGDEs towards accelerating application of industrial CO2 reduction electrolyzers.
Dual Enzyme‐Encapsulated Materials for Biological Cascade Chemistry and Synergistic Tumor Starvation
Authors: Mishra Meemansha , Mishra Mallya , Dutta Saikat
Published: April 2024

Framework and polymeric nanoreactors (NRs) have distinct advantages in improving chemical reaction efficiency in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Nanoreactor‐loaded oxidoreductase enzyme is activated by tumor acidity to produce H2O2 by increasing tumor oxidative stress. High levels of H2O2 induce self‐destruction of the vesicles by releasing quinone methide to deplete glutathione and suppress the antioxidant potential of cancer cells. Therefore, the synergistic effect of the enzyme‐loaded nanoreactors results in efficient tumor ablation via suppressing cancer‐cell metabolism. The main driving force would be to take advantage of the distinct metabolic properties of cancer cells along with the high peroxidase‐like activity of metalloenzyme/metalloprotein. A cascade strategy of dual enzymes such as glucose oxidase (GOx) and nitroreductase (NTR) wherein the former acts as an O2‐consuming agent such as overexpression of NTR and further amplified NTR‐catalyzed release for antitumor therapy. The design of cascade bioreductive hypoxia‐responsive drug delivery via GOx regulates NTR upregulation and NTR‐responsive nanoparticles. Herein, we discuss tumor hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and the effectiveness of these therapies. Nanoclusters in cascaded enzymes along with chemo‐radiotherapy with synergistic therapy are illustrated. Finally, we outline the role of the nanoreactor strategy of cascading enzymes along with self‐synergistic tumor therapy.
Nucleic Acid‐Templated Synthesis of Cationic Styryl Dyes in Vitro and in Living Cells
Authors: Faikhruea Kriangsak , Supabowornsathit Kotchakorn , Angsujinda Kitipong , Aonbangkhen Chanat , Chaikeeratisak Vorrapon , Palaga Tanapat , Assavalapsakul Wanchai , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim , Vilaivan Tirayut
Published: April 2024

A novel method for synthesizing cationic styryl dyes through a nucleic acid‐templated reaction has been developed. This approach overcomes issues associated with traditional synthesis methods, such as harsh conditions, low throughput, and wasteful chemicals. The presence of a nucleic acid template accelerated the styryl dye formation from quaternized heteroaromatic and cationic aldehyde substrates. These styryl dyes show remarkable optical properties change when bound to nucleic acids, hence the success of the synthesis could be readily monitored in situ by UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and the optical properties data were also observable at the same time. This method provides the desired products from a broad range of coupling partners. By employing different substrates and templates, it is possible to identify new dyes that can bind to a specific type of nucleic acid such as a G‐quadruplex. The templated dye synthesis is also successfully demonstrated in live HeLa cells. This approach is a powerful tool for the rapid synthesis and screening of dyes specific for diverse types of nucleic acids or cellular organelles, facilitating new biological discoveries.
Ether Naphthotube Host‐Guest Complexes and [2]Rotaxanes with Dications
Authors: Zheng Li‐Shuo , Wang Song‐Meng , Jiang Wei , Wang Li‐Li , Yang Liu‐Pan
Published: April 2024

The interactions between ether naphthotube and a series of dication guests in organic solution were investigated. It was found that ether naphthotube formed stable host‐guest complexes selectively with these guests in a 1 : 1 stoichiometric ratio with association constants ranging from 102 to 106 M−1, which were confirmed by 1H‐NMR spectra and ITC experiments. The host‐guest interactions are driven by enthalpy change as the entropic factors are unfavorable. Positive correlations between ΔH and ΔS have been observed in the host‐guest complexes. Furthermore, the para‐substitution of the guests can significantly affect the binding affinities through a combination of field/inductive and resonance effects by following a linear free energy relationship. Based on the host‐guest complexes composed of ether naphthotube and organic cations, two interlocked [2]rotaxanes were prepared by cationization reaction and Huisgen cycloaddition between the cations and the stopper components. The ether naphthotube‐based host‐guest complexes are useful for creating sophisticated interlocked molecules.
A machine learning approach to predicting vascular calcification risk of type 2 diabetes: A retrospective study
Authors: Liang Xue , Li Xinyu , Li Guosheng , Wang Bing , Liu Yudan , Sun Dongli , Liu Li , Zhang Ran , Ji Shukun , Yan Wanying , Yu Ruize , Gao Zhengnan , Liu Xuhan
Published: April 2024

Background

Recently, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have experienced a higher incidence and severer degree of vascular calcification (VC), which leads to an increase in the incidence and mortality of vascular complications in patients with T2DM.

Hypothesis

To construct and validate prediction models for the risk of VC in patients with T2DM.

Methods

Twenty‐three baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Ten clinical features were screened with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method and were used to develop prediction models based on eight machine learning (ML) algorithms (k‐nearest neighbor [k‐NN], light gradient boosting machine, logistic regression [LR], multilayer perception [(MLP], Naive Bayes [NB], random forest [RF], support vector machine [SVM], XGBoost [XGB]). Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, and precision.

Results

A total of 1407 and 352 patients were retrospectively collected in the training and test sets, respectively. Among the eight models, the AUC value in the NB model was higher than the other models (NB: 0.753, LGB: 0.719, LR: 0.749, MLP: 0.715, RF: 0.722, SVM: 0.689, XGB:0.707, p < .05 for all). The k‐NN model achieved the highest sensitivity of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.633–0.857), the MLP model achieved the highest accuracy of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.767–0.852) and specificity of 0.875 (95% CI: 0.836–0.912).

Conclusions

This study developed a predictive model of VC based on ML and clinical features in type 2 diabetic patients. The NB model is a tool with potential to facilitate clinicians in identifying VC in high‐risk patients.
Spectral Phasor Applied to Spectrally‐Resolved Single Molecule Localization Microscopy
Authors: Manko Hanna , Burton Matthew G. , Mély Yves , Godet Julien
Published: April 2024

Spectrally‐resolved single‐molecule localization microscopy (srSMLM) has emerged as a powerful tool for exploring the spectral properties of single emitters in localization microscopy. By simultaneously capturing the spatial positions and spectroscopic signatures of individual fluorescent molecules, srSMLM opens up the possibility of investigating an additional dimension in super‐resolution imaging. However, appropriate and dedicated tools are required to fully capitalize on the spectral dimension. Here, we propose the application of the spectral phasor analysis as an effective method for summarizing and analyzing the spectral information obtained from srSMLM experiments. The spectral phasor condenses the complete spectrum of a single emitter into a two‐dimensional space, preserving key spectral characteristics for single‐molecule spectral exploration. We demonstrate the effectiveness of spectral phasor in efficiently classifying single Nile Red fluorescence emissions from largely overlapping cyanine fluorescence signals in dual‐color PAINT experiments. Additionally, we employed spectral phasor with srSMLM to reveal subtle alterations occurring in the membrane of Gram‐positive Enterococcus hirae in response to gramicidin exposure, a membrane‐perturbing antibiotic treatment. Spectral phasor provides a robust, model‐free analytic tool for the detailed analysis of the spectral component of srSMLM, enhancing the capabilities of multi‐color spectrally‐resolved single‐molecule imaging.
Construction of logic circuit with modular molecular switching strategy based on DNA strand displacement
Authors: Huang Chun , Shao Jiaying , Guo Yifei , Yao Junying , Peng Baolei , Guo Qingshuang , Sun Junwei , Zhang Xuncai , Wang Yanfeng
Published: April 2024

At present, many DNA logic circuits have been successfully constructed. However, advanced complex DNA computing tasks with simple structure, fast response, and modularization still remain a huge challenge. In this paper, molecular switch circuits (MSCs) are constructed based on DNA strand displacement to improve above problems. At first, molecular switch is constructed, which is the basic element for building logic circuits. Next, the functions of AND, OR, Fan‐in, and Fan‐out are realized through switches cascading in series or parallel. Furthermore, switch canvas strategy is explored to obtain the shortest reaction path and highest output concentration for circuits. Finally, a novel strategy of integrating computing module using molecular switches is proposed. Here, we construct a half‐adder, half‐subtractor, and a 9‐bit parity checking circuits to verify its feasibility. Compared with the classical monorail and dual‐track logic circuits, the structure scale is reduced by more than two times, and the DNA strands are decreased by more than four times, which effectively reduces the circuit complexity and raises the reaction speed. The above results show that MSC strategy has a great potential to construct large‐scale DNA circuits and provides a development model for the scalability and modularity of biological computing.
Comprehensive data analysis of white blood cells with classification and segmentation by using deep learning approaches
Authors: Özcan Şeyma Nur , Uyar Tansel , Karayeğen Gökay
Published: April 2024

Deep learning approaches have frequently been used in the classification and segmentation of human peripheral blood cells. The common feature of previous studies was that they used more than one dataset, but used them separately. No study has been found that combines more than two datasets to use together. In classification, five types of white blood cells were identified by using a mixture of four different datasets. In segmentation, four types of white blood cells were determined, and three different neural networks, including CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), UNet and SegNet, were applied. The classification results of the presented study were compared with those of related studies. The balanced accuracy was 98.03%, and the test accuracy of the train‐independent dataset was determined to be 97.27%. For segmentation, accuracy rates of 98.9% for train‐dependent dataset and 92.82% for train‐independent dataset for the proposed CNN were obtained in both nucleus and cytoplasm detection. In the presented study, the proposed method showed that it could detect white blood cells from a train‐independent dataset with high accuracy. Additionally, it is promising as a diagnostic tool that can be used in the clinical field, with successful results in classification and segmentation.
Performance analysis of massive MIMO using various transmit precoding schemes for a wireless network
Authors: Dastoor Sarosh , Patel Hemil
Published: April 2024

An evaluation of various transmit precoding schemes is proposed in this thesis on basis of spectral efficiency (SE) of massive MIMO (m‐MIMO) system in 2 GHz spectrum. The present generation of wireless networks must be rethought due to the rapidly rising user base, huge volume data transfer, wide coverage requirement, and exponential rise in data rate. 5G mobile network includes a multi‐fold increase in network capacity, energy conservation, decreased latency, higher coverage probability, and a seamless connection. m‐MIMO has provided good solution for enhancing the data rate with the coverage, overcoming the effects of multipath fading and has also increased diversity of the system. Massiveness of MIMO system along with 5G network is the key technology to address the issue of SE, throughput, improvement of QoS (quality of service), coverage probability, power delay profile, diversity simulation, energy efficiency, and improvement in bit error rate. Parameters such as SE, throughput, and coverage probability are important for any communication system, and their improvement can increase overall capacity of cellular network system and could meet the requirement of upcoming demand for mobile network. The research paper is focused on performance analysis of m‐MIMO with reference to the SE of various transmit precoding schemes. Simulation results show that SE provided by M‐MMSE (multi‐cell minimum mean‐squared error) technique of precoding ranks highest for the same number of antennas and pilot reuse factor as compared to other schemes.
Frequent and strong cold‐air pooling drives temperate forest composition
Authors: Pastore Melissa A. , Classen Aimée T. , D'Amato Anthony W. , English Marie E. , Rand Karin , Foster Jane R. , Adair E. Carol
Published: April 2024

Cold‐air pooling is an important topoclimatic process that creates temperature inversions with the coldest air at the lowest elevations. Incomplete understanding of sub‐canopy spatiotemporal cold‐air pooling dynamics and associated ecological impacts hinders predictions and conservation actions related to climate change and cold‐dependent species and functions. To determine if and how cold‐air pooling influences forest composition, we characterized the frequency, strength, and temporal dynamics of cold‐air pooling in the sub‐canopy at local to regional scales in New England, USA. We established a network of 48 plots along elevational transects and continuously measured sub‐canopy air temperatures for 6–10 months (depending on site). We then estimated overstory and understory community temperature preferences by surveying tree composition in each plot and combining these data with known species temperature preferences. We found that cold‐air pooling was frequent (19–43% seasonal occurrences) and that sites with the most frequent inversions displayed inverted forest composition patterns across slopes with more cold‐adapted species, namely conifers, at low instead of high elevations. We also observed both local and regional variability in cold‐air pooling dynamics, revealing that while cold‐air pooling is common, it is also spatially complex. Our study, which uniquely focused on broad spatial and temporal scales, has revealed some rarely reported cold‐air pooling dynamics. For instance, we discovered frequent and strong temperature inversions that occurred across seasons and in some locations were most frequent during the daytime, likely affecting forest composition. Together, our results show that cold‐air pooling is a fundamental ecological process that requires integration into modeling efforts predicting future forest vegetation patterns under climate change, as well as greater consideration for conservation strategies identifying potential climate refugia for cold‐adapted species.
Synchrotron‐source micro‐x‐ray computed tomography for examining butterfly eyes
Authors: Paukner Dawn , Wildenberg Gregg A. , Badalamente Griffin S. , Littlewood Peter B. , Kronforst Marcus R. , Palmer Stephanie E. , Kasthuri Narayanan
Published: April 2024

Comparative anatomy is an important tool for investigating evolutionary relationships among species, but the lack of scalable imaging tools and stains for rapidly mapping the microscale anatomies of related species poses a major impediment to using comparative anatomy approaches for identifying evolutionary adaptations. We describe a method using synchrotron source micro‐x‐ray computed tomography (syn‐μXCT) combined with machine learning algorithms for high‐throughput imaging of Lepidoptera (i.e., butterfly and moth) eyes. Our pipeline allows for imaging at rates of ~15 min/mm3 at 600 nm3 resolution. Image contrast is generated using standard electron microscopy labeling approaches (e.g., osmium tetroxide) that unbiasedly labels all cellular membranes in a species‐independent manner thus removing any barrier to imaging any species of interest. To demonstrate the power of the method, we analyzed the 3D morphologies of butterfly crystalline cones, a part of the visual system associated with acuity and sensitivity and found significant variation within six butterfly individuals. Despite this variation, a classic measure of optimization, the ratio of interommatidial angle to resolving power of ommatidia, largely agrees with early work on eye geometry across species. We show that this method can successfully be used to determine compound eye organization and crystalline cone morphology. Our novel pipeline provides for fast, scalable visualization and analysis of eye anatomies that can be applied to any arthropod species, enabling new questions about evolutionary adaptations of compound eyes and beyond.
Native prey, not landscape change or novel prey, drive cougar (Puma concolor) distribution at a boreal forest range edge
Authors: Gaston Millicent V. , Barnas Andrew F. , Smith Rebecca M. , Murray Sean , Fisher Jason T.
Published: April 2024

Many large carnivores, despite widespread habitat alteration, are rebounding in parts of their former ranges after decades of persecution and exploitation. Cougars (Puma concolor) are apex predator with their remaining northern core range constricted to mountain landscapes and areas of western North America; however, cougar populations have recently started rebounding in several locations across North America, including northward in boreal forest landscapes. A camera‐trap survey of multiple landscapes across Alberta, Canada, delineated a range edge; within this region, we deployed an array of 47 camera traps in a random stratified design across a landscape spanning a gradient of anthropogenic development relative to the predicted expansion front. We completed multiple hypotheses in an information‐theoretic framework to determine if cougar occurrence is best explained by natural land cover features, anthropogenic development features, or competitor and prey activity. We predicted that anthropogenic development features from resource extraction and invading white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virgianius) explain cougar distribution at this boreal range edge. Counter to our predictions, the relative activity of native prey, predominantly snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), was the best predictor of cougar occurrence at this range edge. Small‐bodied prey items are particularly important for female and sub‐adult cougars and may support breeding individuals in the northeast boreal forest. Also, counter to our predictions, there was not a strong relationship detected between cougar occurrence and gray wolf (Canis lupus) activity at this range edge. However, further investigation is recommended as the possibility of cougar expansion into areas of the multi‐prey boreal system, where wolves have recently been controlled, could have negative consequences for conservation goals in this region (e.g. the recovery of woodland caribou [Rangifer tarandus caribou]). Our study highlights the need to monitor contemporary distributions to inform conservation management objectives as large carnivores recover across North America.
A Family of Lanthanoid‐Sodium Multifunctional Coordination Polymers: Single‐Molecule Magnet, Luminescent and Magnetocaloric Properties
Authors: Troyano Alejandro Cuesta , González Jonay , Arauzo Ana , Bartolomé Elena , Sañudo E. Carolina
Published: April 2024

In this paper we report the microwave assisted synthesis and characterization of a family of Na−Ln coordination polymers (CPs) of formula [NaDy2(MeCOO)2(SALOH)5(chpH)2] (1Ln, Ln=Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y). The Na+ cations isolate Ln2 units in a one‐dimensional polymer. By changing the lanthanoid ions, we attain Single Molecule Magnet properties (1Dy), luminescent properties (1Eu, 1Tb, 1Ho), a diamagnetic material (1Y) and a material that presents magnetocaloric effect (1Gd).
2‐Thiophenyl–Isoquinoline Ir(III) Complex: A Promising Tool in Antipseudomonal Photodynamic Therapy under Red Irradiation
Authors: Renault Julien , Couchot Julie , Faucon Aline L. , Renaud Jean‐Luc , Mislin Gaëtan L. A. , Plésiat Patrick , Gaillard Sylvain
Published: April 2024

Innovative therapeutic strategies are more than ever needed to counter the rise of antibiotic–resistant bacterial pathogens worldwide. The use of light, and especially photodynamic therapy (PDT) appears as a promising alternative or complement to antibiotic treatments, fostered by the development of new photosensitizers. In this study, eight Ir(III) complexes were synthesized and evaluated for their photoactivation properties and capacity to generate radical species under blue (452 nm), green (525 nm), and red (631 nm) LED light, respectively. Their antibacterial properties were assessed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus with most of these complexes exhibiting potentially useful activities upon light irradiation, at concentrations below 10 mg/L. A complex of Ir(III) cyclometallated to thiophenyl–isoquinoline (tiq) and bearing 2,2’‐bipyridine (bipy) as ancillary ligand was further investigated. This latter showed a concentration‐ and light intensity–dependent bactericidal activity on P. aeruginosa when irradiated under blue to red lights, proving that such complexes would be suitable candidates for PDT. Importantly, this lead complex remained active against antibiotic resistant clinical strains and was unaffected by active efflux systems. These data open interesting perspectives for the development of new treatments to tackle antibiotic resistant Gram–negative bacteria.
Iron‐Based Sulfate for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Liu Zhaolu , Wang Ning , Wang Ruiqi , Xu Jie , Zhang Hao , Wang Nan , Cao Yongjie , Liu Yao , Zhang Junxi
Published: April 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are crucial energy equipment that sustain low cost and better environmental benefit. Nevertheless, the practical energy density of SIBs is limited by cathode material. Over last decades, the iron‐based sulfate (IBS) has been extensively studied owing to its numerous advantages, including a large theoretical specific energy (over 100 Wh kg−1), high working potential (above 3.4 V), low cost, good structural stability, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the application of IBS in SIBs is limited by its unsuitable electrolyte and low electronic/ionic conductivity. This review summarizes recently developed results on IBS materials for SIBs, ranging from the phase diagram–composition structure–electrochemical performance to modification research. A generalized summary of the future prospects of IBS‐based materials is also provided, with the hope of inspiring further advances in their application in SIBs.