bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilização de argilas submetidas a calcinação flash com vistas a redução dos impactos negativos causados pela fabricação de cimento Portland
Authors: Gutierrez de Oliveira Rodrigues Gustavo , Salamoni Natália , Rohden Abrahão Bernardo , Wiggers Vinicyus Rodolfo
Published: August 2024

O cimento Portland é um dos materiais mais importantes para o desenvolvimento da infraestrutura urbana. O seu uso ocorre nos mais variados tipos de obra, desde residências, edificações, pontes, viadutos, estradas, hidrelétricas, ou seja, é praticamente inimaginável construir sem o uso do cimento. Apesar da sua notória importância, a sua fabricação exerce efeitos adversos no meio ambiente, principalmente ao que concerne a emissão de gases de efeito estufa, em conjunto com a alta demanda energética. Neste sentido, buscar soluções para minimizar os impactos negativos é uma premissa necessária no mundo moderno. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de aplicação de uma argila submetida a calcinação flash, quando utilizada como material cimentício suplementar. Para tanto, selecionou-se uma jazida na cidade de Pomerode-SC e a amostra foi submetida a calcinação flash, a qual demanda menos energia para operação e dispõe de material calcinado em poucos segundos. Os resultados demonstraram a eficiência do tratamento térmico, o qual possibilitou o seu uso como pozolana.
Research Progress and Prospect of Polyphosphoric Acid Modified Asphalt Technology
Authors: Xue Guixing
Published: August 2024

In order to clarify the current status of polyphosphoric acid (PPA)-modified asphalt technology, to solve its road problems, and to promote its further popularization and application, the research progress of PPA-modified asphalt technology in scientific research and engineering is summarized. Firstly, the chemical modification mechanism of PPA on asphalt is revealed from the components, chemical reaction and microstructure; the engineering application and service situation of PPA-modified asphalt pavements at home and abroad are evaluated; finally, the future research direction of PPA-modified asphalt is envisioned. The PPA-modified asphalt with dosage of 0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0% was studied, and the presence of PPA was almost indistinguishable from that in the fluorescence micrographs of modified asphalt, and the compatibility between PPA and asphalt was excellent. Atomic force microscopy has a higher resolution relative to fluorescence electron microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy.The results show that PPA can react chemically with asphalt components to increase the asphaltene content, and the incorporation of PPA helps to improve the high temperature performance, aging resistance, and fatigue characteristics of asphalt. At present, there is no supporting application guide for PPA-modified asphalt technology, and the lack of long-term observation of PPA-modified asphalt test sections restricts the popularization and application of PPA-modified asphalt technology in China.
Integrating Molecular Markers for Screening of Salinity Tolerance in Rice Genotypes
Authors: Prajapati M. R. , Patel R. K. , Patel V. P. , Patel V. B. , Modha K. G. , Bala Madhu , Patel D. P. , Patel A. V. , Patel Harshita , Patel G. M. , Chaudhry Naresh , Patel Sunil , Rana V. B.
Published: August 2024

This study assessed the genetic diversity among fifteen rice germplasms, including selected landraces, wild species, released cultivars, improved lines and standard tolerant/susceptible check varieties, using the Saltol QTL and other salt stress-associated SSR markers. The analysis revealed a high level of polymorphism and genetic diversity, with an average of 6.19 alleles per locus and a mean gene diversity of 0.73. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.53 to 0.78, averaging 0.70, indicating the SSR markers' effectiveness in distinguishing the genotypes. Notably, markers RM490, RM7158, RM562, RM3412, RM493, RM7075, RM8094, RM6811 and RM10825 out of total markers were particularly proficient in screening for salinity tolerance. The genetic relationships among the genotypes were visualized through a dendrogram, forming several distinct clusters. Cluster 1, containing Lalkada gold, Oryza nivara and Purna, showed strong genetic similarity despite varying salt tolerance levels. Other clusters also displayed genetic groupings with phenotypic variances, highlighting the complexity of salt tolerance as a trait. The discrepancies between phenotypic classifications and genetic clustering were attributed to factors such as genetic recombination, multiple mechanisms of salt tolerance, incomplete marker coverage, gene interactions and environmental influences. The dissimilarity matrix further underscored significant genetic relationships, with highly similar genotypes (e.g., GR 17 and IR 28) and completely dissimilar ones (e.g., GR 17 and IR55179-3B-11-3). These findings demonstrate the utility of SSR markers in genetic diversity assessment and marker-assisted selection. The study emphasizes the importance of considering genetic nuances in breeding programs to develop robust, salt-tolerant rice varieties.
A Review on the Impact of Climate Change on Plant Pathogen Interactions
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Choudhary Mahima , K Janakadatta Reddy. , Vishwakarma Vivek Kumar , Kashyap Vijay Kumar , Sahoo Sarmistha , Mukhopadhyay Sabyasachi
Published: August 2024

Climate change significantly affects plant-pathogen interactions, creating major challenges for global agriculture and food security. It alters pathogen distribution, biology, and life cycles, while also impacting plant physiology and defense mechanisms. Predictive models are crucial for forecasting pathogen spread under various climate scenarios, but they face limitations due to uncertainties and the complexity of biological interactions. Advances in biotechnology and genomics, including marker-assisted selection, gene editing, and the study of plant-microbe interactions, offer promising solutions for developing climate-resilient crops. Implementing sustainable agricultural practices, such as conservation agriculture, agroforestry, and efficient water management, is vital for enhancing resilience. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, which combine biological, cultural, and chemical methods, are essential for adaptive pest control. To support these efforts, policies and regulatory frameworks, incentive programs, and international cooperation are necessary to promote the widespread adoption of these practices. There are significant research gaps, especially in long-term monitoring and interdisciplinary studies, that are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of climate change's effects on agriculture. Addressing these challenges requires global collaborative research initiatives that facilitate the exchange of knowledge, resources, and technologies, advancing our understanding and mitigation of climate impacts on agriculture.
Factors Influencing the Healthcare-seeking Decisions of Diabetic Patients in Ghana
Authors: Asirifi Samuel Kwame Amoako , Boateng Keren-Happuch Twumasiwaa , Kolbilla David Zawumya
Published: August 2024

Background: Diabetes is a persistent and progressive chronic illness that might result in permanent consequences or mortality. The significant worry in Ghana lies in the responsibility of managing the complications and mortality rates associated with diabetic patients. Timely identification and medical intervention can alleviate this burden. There is a significant number of individuals who have diabetes but are unaware of their condition and only seek medical assistance once they have developed numerous long-term issues. Within the population of individuals who have already been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, there exists a proportion of individuals who are not currently receiving treatment. This group includes individuals who have never started therapy as well as those who have discontinued their medication. This study aimed to investigate the factors linked to the health seeking decisions of diabetic patients in Ghana.
Methods: The research was a cross-sectional survey. It adopted stratified sampling technique to select 201 respondents. A questionnaire was used in the study for data collection. The data was analysed using the SPSS version 22.
Results: The study findings indicated that 89% of individuals with diabetes were identified by a healthcare professional, however only 67% of the patients actively sought medical care. The study revealed that factors such as obtaining a secondary education or higher, having a higher wage, receiving a diagnosis from a healthcare professional, and being employed have a substantial impact on the choice to seek professional healthcare. Receiving a diagnosis from a healthcare professional was discovered to have the most significant favourable correlation with seeking professional medical assistance.
Conclusions: The study finds that in Ghana, the health seeking behaviour of diabetic patients is influenced by characteristics such as education, income, the type of consultant who diagnosed the disease, and the job situation of the patients.
Structure Optimization of Seeding Device of Small Wheat Planter Based on Orthogonal Test
Authors: Bo Li
Published: August 2024

In order to further improve the backward status of agricultural infrastructure construction in hilly and mountainous areas, this paper adopted the method of orthogonal experimental design on the basis of existing small wheat planter seeding devices at home and abroad, and selected three factors that had the greatest influence on seeding efficiency and seed damage rate, namely, planting height, rotation speed of seeding wheel and number of single seeding, and obtained the optimized structural parameters. Then the structural design is carried out according to the structural parameters. The above research results show that the orthogonal experimental design combined with numerical calculation and regression analysis can effectively optimize and adjust the structural parameters of the seed arrangement, improve the seeding efficiency and reduce the seed damage rate at the same time, among which the seeding efficiency is increased by 0.23 times /min, and the seed damage rate is reduced by 0.0024%.
The effects of vortex structure and vortex translation on the tropical cyclone boundary layer wind field
Authors: Williams Gabriel J.
Published: January 2015

The effects of vortex translation and radial vortex structure in the distribution of boundary layer winds in the inner core of mature tropical cyclones are examined using a high‐resolution slab model and a multilevel model. It is shown that the structure and magnitude of the wind field (and the corresponding secondary circulation) depends sensitively on the radial gradient of the gradient wind field above the boundary layer. Furthermore, it is shown that vortex translation creates low wave number asymmetries in the wind field that rotate anticyclonically with height. A budget analysis of the steady state wind field for both models was also performed in this study. Although the agradient force drives the evolution of the boundary layer wind field for both models, it is shown that the manner in which the boundary layer flow responds to this force differs between the two model representations. In particular, the inner core boundary layer flow in the slab model is dominated by the effects of horizontal advection and horizontal diffusion, leading to the development of shock structures in the model. Conversely, the inner core boundary layer flow in the multilevel model is primarily influenced by the effects of vertical advection and vertical diffusion, which eliminates shock structures in this model. These results further indicate that special care is required to ensure that qualitative applications from slab models are not unduly affected by the neglect of vertical advection.
Identification of when a Langmuir probe is in the sheath of a spacecraft: The effects of secondary electron emission from the probe
Authors: Wang X. , Hsu H.‐W. , Horányi M.
Published: January 2015

Langmuir probes on spacecraft have been used for characterizing the ambient plasma parameters in space. When their boom is short compared to the Debye length, the probes remain immersed in the spacecraft sheath, causing the current‐voltage (I‐V) characteristics to deviate from that of a probe far away from the spacecraft. We present identification of when a Langmuir probe is in a sheath, based on the secondary electron (SE) emission from the probe itself. The I‐V characteristics of a spherical probe are investigated in a plasma sheath above a conducting plate. Plasmas with cold and hot electrons (1 eV and 10 eV), as well as monoenergetic electrons (50–100 eV), are created. The derivative (dI/dV) of the probe I‐V curves shows that in addition to a “knee” at a potential more positive than the plasma potential, an additional knee appears at a sheath potential at the probe location. This additional knee is created due to the SE emission from the probe and is identified as an indication of the probe being immersed in the sheath. Our experimental results reproduced the aspects of the Cassini Langmuir probe I‐V characteristics, suggesting that at times, the probe may have been immersed in the sheath of the spacecraft in Saturn's magnetosphere, and SE emission from the probe itself may have significantly altered its I‐V characteristics.
Numerical simulations of Hurricane Katrina (2005) in the turbulent gray zone
Authors: Green Benjamin W. , Zhang Fuqing
Published: January 2015

Current numerical simulations of tropical cyclones (TCs) use a horizontal grid spacing as small as Δx = 103 m, with all boundary layer (BL) turbulence parameterized. Eventually, TC simulations can be conducted at Large Eddy Simulation (LES) resolution, which requires Δx to fall in the inertial subrange (often <102 m) to adequately resolve the large, energy‐containing eddies. Between the two lies the so‐called “terra incognita” because some of the assumptions used by mesoscale models and LES to treat BL turbulence are invalid. This study performs several 4–6 h simulations of Hurricane Katrina (2005) without a BL parameterization at extremely fine Δx [333, 200, and 111 m, hereafter “Large Eddy Permitting (LEP) runs”] and compares with mesoscale simulations with BL parameterizations (Δx = 3 km, 1 km, and 333 m, hereafter “PBL runs”). There are profound differences in the hurricane BL structure between the PBL and LEP runs: the former have a deeper inflow layer and secondary eyewall formation, whereas the latter have a shallow inflow layer without a secondary eyewall. Among the LEP runs, decreased Δx yields weaker subgrid‐scale vertical momentum fluxes, but the sum of subgrid‐scale and “grid‐scale” fluxes remain similar. There is also evidence that the size of the prevalent BL eddies depends upon Δx, suggesting that convergence to true LES has not yet been reached. Nevertheless, the similarities in the storm‐scale BL structure among the LEP runs indicate that the net effect of the BL on the rest of the hurricane may be somewhat independent of Δx.
Free Speech on Campus
Authors: Sandeen Arthur C.
Published: January 2015

Is it an absolute right? If so, how can we minimize its negative effects without impinging on students’ rights? Here is one answer.
Jimmy Carter on Service
Authors: Tauchar Frances Lucas
Published: January 2015

Jimmy Carter is service. Each fall, I have the unique honor of assisting former U.S. president Jimmy Carter in teaching one of his biggest classes at Emory, when the university hosts a Carter Town Hall Meeting and over 2,000 students gather to listen to and ask questions of Professor Carter.
Technotreachery: Play in Filtrates School
Authors: Crump Eric
Published: January 2015

Eric Crump is the learning technologies coordinator for the University of Missouri-Columbia Learning Center. He is working on a number of projects, all exploring ways to use computer networks to create new learning environments and to complement conventional learning environments. His pet projects at the moment are the Online Writery, an online community of student writers; Rhetnet, an experimental scholarly cyberjournal on rhetoric and writing, and the MU Institute for Instructional Technology, a mechanism for effecting technological and pedagogical change on campus. If you would like to contact Eric to inquire about the nuts and bolts of on-line learning or about his views on learning and the academy, you can send e-mail to him at wleric@showme.missouri.edu .
Jason and Brian, March 16, 1994
Authors: Williams Lee Burdette
Published: January 2015

Two very different students with two very different fates …a director of campus programs watches their lives converge in a surprising way, and her view of students is never the same again.
Educating for Diversity
Authors: Wilson Reginald
Published: January 2015

A noted scholar explains why achieving cultural diversity on campus requires nothing less than a complete transformation of our institutions of higher learning. This means reinventing everything, from the canon to the classroom and beyond.
The Carolinian's Creed
Authors: Pruitt Dennis A.
Published: January 2015

While other campuses are instituting speech and conduct codes to address tensions among their students, the University of South Carolina is taking a very different approach. That institution's vice president for student affairs explains what inspired them to create the creed reproduced in this issue and the effect it is having on students and everyone on campus. * Readers who would like additional information about the creed (reprinted here) should contact Jim Doran, director of advancement ( jdoran@sc.edu ), or Jerry Crotty, associate director for student development ( jcrotty@sc.edu ), both at the University of South Carolina, Columbia.
The Collaboratory: A New Model for Teaching and Learning in the Electronic Environment
Authors: Moore Rachelle
Published: January 2015

The “collaboratory librarian” in the Bartle Library at Binghamton University describes an innovative use of electronic networks to support traditional teaching and learning. However, the collaboratory concept also offers all educators exciting opportunities to promote learning in both the extracurricular and cocurricular dimensions of campus life.
Touching Lives
Authors: Romano Rosalee
Published: January 2015

The journey of a woman …from young mother unable to read well enough to share bedtime stories with her children to student leader at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
Leadership across the Curriculum
Authors: Tyree Larry W.
Published: January 2015

The problem, says one community college president, is not that we need to develop better leaders, but we need to develop more leaders. Here's how to start.
The Yin&Yang of Student Learning in College
Authors: Blake Elizabeth S.
Published: January 2015

What are the obstacles to genuine and productive collaborations between academic and student affairs? Is it more than bureaucracy and organizational habits keeping these two groups apart? Elizabeth Blake says “Yes.” She explains why the first step both faculty and student affairs professionals should take in order to work together effectively is to know, and, indeed, to embrace their essential differences.
Some Things We Should Forget
Authors: Kuh George D.
Published: January 2015

The way we work with students and plan curricula is driven by what we know and remember. But sometimes it's important to forget—especially when it comes to the fundamental challenge of ensuring students are prepared for the workplace of the future. Here's what we need to let go of to meet that challenge and create dynamic, seamless learning experiences for students.
The University a Driving Force for Collaboration Learning Center
Authors: Chickering Arthur W. , O'Connor John
Published: January 2015

There is a lot of talk these days about the need for higher education to dynamically connect students’ out-of-class and in-class experiences. Easier said than done. Arthur Chickering and John O'Connor's description of the birth of the University Learning Center at George Mason University offers nuts-and-bolts information on what needs to take place for such connections to happen.
Uwired Puts Freshmen Interest Groups On-Line
Authors: Laden Bernice , Jundt Michaelann , Etzkorn Ken
Published: January 2015

Here is a program that is serving multiple purposes of helping freshmen adjust to the university using peer guidance while giving them a “jump start” with technology. It's also linking information resources in a meaningful way to academics and actively promoting collaboration among students, librarians, and faculty.

For more information about the different aspects of this program, consult the following resources: • University of Washington Freshman Interest Group Program. (Online.) Available HTTP: http://weber.u.washington.edu/∼figs/ • University of Washington UWired Program. (Online.) Available HTTP: http//www.washington.edu/uwired/ • UWired: Beyond Technology. Produced by UWTV. Directed by Ann Coppel. 10:17 min. University of Washington, 1995. (Videocassette.)
Some Propositions Worth Debating
Authors: Whitt Elizabeth J.
Published: January 2015

In 1995 a team of student affairs practitioners and faculty got together under the auspices of NASPA to explore the connection between student learning and student affairs practice. The propositions discussed here are an important result of their work.
How College Affects First - Generation Students
Authors: London Howard B.
Published: January 2015

For many first-generation students, college is a transforming experience—one that requires students to play out powerful intellectual, psychological, family, and cultural dramas. Drawing on a multiyear research project he conducted with a group of colleagues, the author describes these dramas, their effects on students, and what colleges can do to help as students play them out.
Getting Smart with Smart Cards on Campus
Authors: McCandless Glen
Published: January 2015

Imagine a time when students will carry one small card that they can use to access reference materials, buy football tickets, and receive financial aid through an ATM. Fantasy? No, says Glen McCandless, this reality is just around the corner.
What They're Reading
Authors: Mendelson Eric , Johnson Kristy K.
Published: January 2015

New ideas about gender and how it affects the way we operate in the world and construct knowledge have the potential to influence all aspects of higher education—from teaching and learning and counseling to how work is structured. We asked a staff psychologist on campus and a doctoral student what they've been reading lately on gender issues and what they might recommend to colleagues.
Beta‐order minimum mean‐square error multichannel spectral amplitude estimation for speech enhancement
Authors: Trawicki M. B. , Johnson M. T.
Published: January 2015

In this paper, the minimum mean‐square error (MMSE) β‐order estimator for multichannel speech enhancement is proposed. The estimator is an extension of the single‐channel MMSE β‐order and multichannel MMSE short‐time spectral amplitude estimators using Rayleigh and Gaussian distributions for the statistical models under the assumption of a diffuse noise field where the noise is estimated independently across each of the microphones. Experiments are performed to evaluate the new estimator against the baseline single‐channel and multichannel estimators using various values of the β parameter and number of microphones along with different levels of noises as a function of the input signal‐to‐noise ratio. By the utilization of additional microphones, the multichannel MMSE β‐order estimator achieves performance gains in noise reduction, speech distortion, and speech quality as measured by the segmental signal‐to‐noise ratio, log‐likelihood ratio, and perceptual evaluation of speech quality objective metrics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gold Nanoclusters‐Based Nanoprobes for Simultaneous Fluorescence Imaging and Targeted Photodynamic Therapy with Superior Penetration and Retention Behavior in Tumors
Authors: Zhang Chunlei , Li Chao , Liu Yanlei , Zhang Jingpu , Bao Chenchen , Liang Shujing , Wang Qing , Yang Yao , Fu Hualin , Wang Kan , Cui Daxiang
Published: January 2015

Gold nanoclusters (GNCs) attract increasing attention due to their potential applications in sensing, catalysis, optoelectronics, and biomedicine. Herein, the formation of highly fluorescent glutathione (GSH)‐capped GNCs is achieved through the delicate control of the reduction kinetics and thermodynamic selection of the Au(I)–SG complexes. Furthermore, the GNCs‐based nanoprobes are developed by the covalent coupling folic acid (FA) and PEG (polyethylene glycol) on the surface of GNCs directly, followed by trapping photosensitizer (chlorin e6, Ce6) within PEG networks and attaching to the GNCs surface. The fabricated nanoprobes (Ce6@GNCs‐PEG2K‐FA) possess a uniform particle size (hydrodynamic diameter ≈6.1 ± 1.2 nm), without affecting the yield of singlet oxygen of the trapped Ce6. In vitro studies show the enhanced cellular uptake and satisfactory photodynamic therapy (PDT) effectiveness toward MGC‐803 cells when compared with free Ce6. The biodistribution and excretion pathway studies of the nanoprobes in MGC‐803 tumor‐bearing nude mice reveal their superior penetration and retention behavior in tumors, while the preserved features of renal clearance and stealthy to reticulo‐endothelial system are mainly attributed to the small hydrodynamic diameters and the FA‐capped PEGylated ligands. The enhanced PDT efficacy and the nontoxicity to mice provide an exciting new nano‐platform with promising clinical translational potential.
DNA/Tannic Acid Hybrid Gel Exhibiting Biodegradability, Extensibility, Tissue Adhesiveness, and Hemostatic Ability
Authors: Shin Mikyung , Ryu Ji Hyun , Park Joseph P. , Kim Keumyeon , Yang Jae Wook , Lee Haeshin
Published: January 2015

DNA has emerged as a novel material in many areas of materials science due to its programmability. Especially, DNA hydrogels have been studied to incorporate new functions into gels. To date, only a few methods have been developed for fabricating DNA hydrogels, such as the use of complementary sequences or covalent bond. Herein, it is demonstrated that one of the most well‐known plant‐derived polyphenols, tannic acid (TA), can form a DNA hydrogel which is named TNA hydrogel (TA + DNA). TA plays a role as a “molecular glue” by a new mode of action reversibly connecting between phosphodiester bonds, which is different from the crosslinking utilizing complementary sequences. TA intrinsically degrades due to ester bonds connecting between pyrogallol groups, causing a degradable DNA hydrogel. Furthermore, TNA gel is multifunctional in that the gel is extensible upon pulling and adhesive to tissues because of the rich polyphenol groups in TA (ten phenols per TA). Unexpectedly, TNA gel exhibits superior in vivo hemostatic ability that can be useful for biomedical applications. This new DNA hydrogel preparation method represents a new technique for fabricating a large amount of DNA‐based hemostatic hydrogel without chemically modifying DNA or requiring the crosslinking by complementary sequences.
Sulfur‐Based Composite Cathode Materials for High‐Energy Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wang Jiulin , He Yu‐Shi , Yang Jun
Published: January 2015

There is currently an urgent demand for highly efficient energy storage and conversion systems. Due to its high theoretical energy density, low cost, and environmental compatibility, the lithium sulfur (Li–S) battery has become a typical representative of the next generation of electrochemical power sources. Various approaches have been explored to design and prepare sulfur cathode materials to enhance their electrochemical performance. This Research News article summarizes and compares different sulfur materials for Li–S batteries and particularly focuses on the fine structures, electrochemical performance, and electrode reaction mechanisms of pyrolyzed polyacrylo­nitrile sulfur (pPAN@S) and microporous‐carbon/small‐sulfur composite materials.
From Acyliminiums/Amidoallenyliums to Highly Functionalized Allene Intermediates: Stereoselective Preparation of Z‐Amidovinyl‐Furans, ‐Pyrroles, ‐Thiophenes, ‐Benzofurans and ‐Benzothiophenes
Authors: Liu Le , Chen Dianpeng , Zhou Hongwei
Published: January 2015

This paper describes the development of a facile protocol to a highly functionalized amidoallenylium by treatment of alkynylimine with acyl bromide in dichloromethane, which may give tetrasubstituted allene intermediates and yield furans, pyrroles, thiophenes, benzofurans and benzothiophenes. The plausible mechanism was discussed and a reaction intermediate was isolated. With the stereoselective transformation of the tetrasubstituted allene intermediate and efficient conversion to versatile heterocyclic compounds, this protocol will be useful to the organic and medicinal chemistry community.

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Investigating human responses to political and environmental change through paleodiet and paleomobility
Authors: Knudson Kelly J. , Torres‐Rouff Christina , Stojanowski Christopher M.
Published: January 2015

Bioarchaeological approaches are well suited for examining past responses to political and environmental changes. In the Andes, we hypothesized that political and environmental changes around AD 1100 resulted in behavioral changes, visible as shifts in paleodiet and paleomobility, among individuals in the San Pedro de Atacama oases and Loa River Valley. To investigate this hypothesis, we generated carbon and oxygen isotope data from cemeteries dating to the early Middle Horizon (Larache, Quitor‐5, Solor‐3), late Middle Horizon (Casa Parroquial, Coyo Oriental, Coyo‐3, Solcor‐Plaza, Solcor‐3, Tchecar), and Late Intermediate Period (Caspana, Quitor‐6 Tardío, Toconce, Yaye‐1, Yaye‐2, Yaye‐3, Yaye‐4). Carbon isotope data demonstrate a greater range of carbon sources during the late Middle Horizon compared with the Late Intermediate Period; while most individuals consumed largely C3 sources, some late Middle Horizon individuals consumed more C4 sources. Oxygen isotope data demonstrate greater diversity in drinking water sources during the late Middle Horizon compared with the Late Intermediate Period. Water samples were analyzed to provide baseline data on oxygen isotope variability within the Atacama Desert, and demonstrated that oxygen isotope values are indistinguishable in the San Pedro and Loa Rivers. However, oxygen isotope values in water sources in the high‐altitude altiplano and coast are distinct from those in the San Pedro and Loa Rivers. In conclusion, instead of utilizing a wider variety of resources after environmental and political changes, individuals exhibited a wider range of paleodietary and paleomobility strategies during the Middle Horizon, a period of environmental and political stability. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:179–201, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of Paraloid B‐72 and Butvar B‐98 treatment and organic solvent removal on δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O values of collagen and hydroxyapatite in a modern bone
Authors: France Christine A.M. , Giaccai Jennifer A. , Doney Charlotte R.
Published: January 2015

Stable isotopes in bones are a powerful tool for diet, provenance, climate, and physiological reconstructions, but necessarily require well‐preserved specimens unaltered by postmortem diagenesis or conservation practices. This study examines the effects of Paraloid B‐72 and Butvar B‐98, two common consolidants used in field and museum conservation, on δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O values from bone collagen and hydroxyapatite. The effects of solvent removal (100% acetone, 100% ethanol, 9:1 acetone:xylenes, 9:1 ethanol:xylenes) and drying methods (ambient air, vacuum, oven drying at 80°C) were also examined to determine if bones treated with these consolidants can successfully be cleaned and used for stable isotope analyses. Results show that introduction of Paraloid B‐72 or Butvar B‐98 in 100% acetone or 100% ethanol, respectively, with subsequent removal by the same solvents and drying at 80°C facilitates the most successful removal of consolidants and solvents. The δ13C values in collagen, δ15N in collagen, δ18O in hydroxyapatite phosphate, and δ13C in hydroxyapatite structural carbonate were unaltered by treatments with Paraloid or Butvar and subsequent solvent removal. The δ18O in hydroxyapatite structural carbonate showed nonsystematic variability when bones were treated with Paraloid and Butvar, which is hypothesized to be a result of hydroxyl exchange when bones are exposed to consolidants in solution. It is therefore recommended that δ18O in hydroxyapatite structural carbonate should not be used in stable isotope studies if bones have been treated with Paraloid or Butvar. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:330–338, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nucleophilic Addition of Amines to Ruthenium Carbenes: ortho‐(Alkynyloxy)benzylamine Cyclizations towards 1,3‐Benzoxazines
Authors: González‐Rodríguez Carlos , Suárez José Ramón , Varela Jesús A. , Saá Carlos
Published: January 2015

A new ruthenium‐catalyzed cyclization of ortho‐(alkynyloxy)benzylamines to dihydro‐1,3‐benzoxazines is reported. The cyclization is thought to take place via the vinyl ruthenium carbene intermediates which are easily formed from [Cp*RuCl(cod)] and N2CHSiMe3. The mild reaction conditions and the efficiency of the procedure allow the easy preparation of a broad range of new 2‐vinyl‐2‐substituted 1,3‐benzoxazine derivatives. Rearrangement of an internal C(sp) in the starting material into a tetrasubstituted C(sp3) atom in the final 1,3‐benzoxazine is highly remarkable.
Highly Enantioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Reductive Cyclization of Alkynones
Authors: Fu Wenzhen , Nie Ming , Wang Aizhen , Cao Ziping , Tang Wenjun
Published: January 2015

The first asymmetric nickel‐catalyzed intramolecular reductive cyclization of alkynones is reported. A P‐chiral monophosphine and triethylsilane were used as the ligand and the reducing reagent, respectively, to form a series of tertiary allylic alcohols bearing furan/pyran rings in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. This reaction has a broad substrate scope and enabled the efficient synthesis of dehydroxycubebin and chiral dibenzocyclooctadiene skeletons.
Asymmetric Rhodium‐Catalyzed Addition of Thiols to Allenes: Synthesis of Branched Allylic Thioethers and Sulfones
Authors: Pritzius Adrian B. , Breit Bernhard
Published: January 2015

A highly regio‐ and enantioselective hydrothiolation of terminal allenes, a reaction which fulfills the criteria of atom economy, is reported. Applying two chiral rhodium catalyst systems, a wide variety of thiols and allenes could be coupled. Oxidation gave access to the corresponding allylic sulfones in essentially enantiomerically pure form. The reaction tolerates a variety of functional groups and labeling experiments gave first insights into the reaction mechanism of this new methodology.
Ligand‐Promoted ortho‐CH Amination with Pd Catalysts
Authors: Zhu Dajian , Yang Guoqiang , He Jian , Chu Ling , Chen Gang , Gong Wei , Chen Ke , Eastgate Martin D. , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: January 2015

2,4,6‐Trimethoxypyridine is identified as an efficient ligand for promoting a Pd‐catalyzed ortho‐CH amination of both benzamides and triflyl‐protected benzylamines. This finding provides guidance for the development of ligands that can improve or enable PdII‐catalyzed CH activation reactions directed by weakly coordinating functional groups.
C‐Selective and Diastereoselective Alkyl Addition to β,γ‐Alkynyl‐α‐imino Esters with Zinc(II)ate Complexes
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Yamashita Kenji , Mizuno Mai , Ito Orie , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: January 2015

Since umpolung α‐imino esters contain three electrophilic centers, regioselective alkyl addition with traditional organometallic reagents has been a serious problem in the practical synthesis of versatile chiral α‐amino acid derivatives. An unusual C‐alkyl addition to α‐imino esters using a Grignard reagent (RMgX)‐derived zinc(II)ate was developed. Zinc(II)ate complexes consist of a Lewis acidic [MgX]+ moiety, a nucleophilic [R3Zn]− moiety, and 2 [MgX2]. Therefore, the ionically separated [R3Zn]− selectively attacks the imino carbon atom ,which is most strongly activated by chelation of [MgX]+. In particular, chiral β,γ‐alkynyl‐α‐imino esters can strongly promote highly regio‐ and diastereoselective C‐alkylation because of structural considerations, and the corresponding optically active α‐quaternary amino acid derivatives are obtained within 5 minutes in high to excellent yields.
Efficient Synthesis, Structure, and Complexation Studies of Electron‐Donating Thiacalix[n]dithienothiophene
Authors: Inoue Ryota , Hasegawa Masashi , Nishinaga Tohru , Yoza Kenji , Mazaki Yasuhiro
Published: January 2015

A series of thiacalix[n]dithiothiophenes (n=4–10) was prepared by a facile method and X‐ray analysis was used to determine the molecular structures of square‐ (4‐mer) and pentagonal‐shaped macrocycles (5‐mer). In the cyclic voltammograms, reversible multielectron redox processes, which are due to electronic delocalization, were observed at low oxidation potentials. The cyclic 4‐mer acted as a “Janus‐head” cavitand for two C60 molecules, whereas the 5‐ and 6‐mer formed stable 1:1 complexes with C60 .
Copper‐Catalyzed Cyanomethylation of Allylic Alcohols with Concomitant 1,2‐Aryl Migration: Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Ketones Containing an α‐Quaternary Center
Authors: Bunescu Ala , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: January 2015

A copper‐catalyzed alkylation of allylic alcohols by alkyl nitriles with concomitant 1,2‐aryl migration was developed. Formation of the alkyl nitrile radical was followed by its intermolecular addition to alkenes and the migration of a vicinal aryl group with the concomitant generation of a carbonyl functionality to complete the domino sequence. Mechanistic studies suggested that 1,2‐aryl migration proceeded through a radical pathway (neophyl rearrangement). The protocol provided an efficient route to functionalized ketones containing an α‐quaternary center.
When students struggle with gross anatomy and histology: A strategy for monitoring, reviewing, and promoting student academic success in an integrated preclinical medical curriculum
Authors: Hortsch Michael , Mangrulkar Rajesh S.
Published: January 2015

Gross anatomy and histology are now often taught as parts of an integrated medical or dental curriculum. Although this puts these foundational basic sciences into a wider educational context, students may not fully appreciate their importance as essential components of their medical education and may not develop a sufficient level of competency, as they are not stand‐alone courses. The early identification of medical or dental students who struggle with anatomy or histology and the facilitation of adequate didactic support constitute a significant problem in an integrated curriculum. The timely intervention by an academic review board in combination with an individualized faculty‐mediated counseling and remediation process may provide an effective solution to this problem. Anat Sci Educ 8: 478–483. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
Mesoionic Carbene‐Gold(I) Catalyzed Bis‐Hydrohydrazination of Alkynes with Parent Hydrazine
Authors: Tolentino Daniel R. , Jin Liqun , Melaimi Mohand , Bertrand Guy
Published: January 2015

A novel synthetic route gives access to mesoionic carbene and cyclopropenylidene supported gold chloride complexes. The corresponding cationic MIC‐gold complex obtained by chloride abstraction allows for the first transition metal‐catalyzed functionalization of both nitrogens of parent hydrazine.
Multi‐armed bandit experiments in the online service economy
Authors: Scott Steven L.
Published: January 2015

The modern service economy is substantively different from the agricultural and manufacturing economies that preceded it. In particular, the cost of experimenting is dominated by opportunity cost rather than the cost of obtaining experimental units. The different economics require a new class of experiments, in which stochastic models play an important role. This article briefly summarizes multi‐armed bandit experiments, where the experimental design is modified as the experiment progresses to reduce the cost of experimenting. Special attention is paid to Thompson sampling, which is a simple and effective way to run a multi‐armed bandit experiment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The molecular mechanism underlying the induction of hepatic MRP3 expression and function by omeprazole
Authors: Pan Yu‐Qin , Mi Qiong‐Yu , He Bang‐Shun , Zhao Shu‐Li , Tai Ting , Xie Hong‐Guang
Published: January 2015

Previous work has indicated that there is increased protein expression of multidrug resistance‐associated protein 3 (MRP3) in the liver samples of patients treated with omeprazole compared with those who were not. However, evidence is still lacking to show the mechanisms underlying that induction. This study aimed to assess changes in the fold‐induction of MRP3 mRNA and protein expression over controls in omeprazole‐treated HepG2 cells after transient transfection of human MRP3 siRNA, or after pretreatment with actinomycin D (Act‐D). Furthermore, MRP3 siRNA knock‐down or MRP‐specific inhibition (indomethacin) was used to determine whether the MRP3 protein induced by omeprazole possessed an enhanced efflux transport. The results demonstrated that omeprazole induced MRP3 mRNA and protein expression in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Moreover, that induction was almost completely abolished by the addition of human MRP3 siRNA and also by pretreatment with Act‐D, respectively. In addition, the decay rate of MRP3 mRNA in vehicle‐ and omeprazole‐treated cells was similar in the presence of Act‐D, suggesting transcriptional up‐regulation of MRP3 mRNA expression by omeprazole. Most importantly, omeprazole induced MRP3 efflux transport activity, as measured by the 5‐carboxyfluorescein assay in the absence and presence of human MRP3 siRNA or indomethacin. It is concluded that omeprazole can induce MRP3 mRNA and protein expression and enhance MRP3 efflux transport activity through transcriptional up‐regulation, and that omeprazole can also induce other MRP transporters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exercise patience when dealing with ‘pro se’ lawsuits
Authors: Porter Michael
Published: January 2015

Lawsuits are understandably frustrating for any college administrator. But that frustration can reach new heights when the plaintiff in the lawsuit doesn't have a lawyer but instead decides to proceed “pro se,” meaning “on one's own behalf.”
Acremoxanthone E, a Novel Member of Heterodimeric Polyketides with a Bicyclo[3.2.2]nonene Ring, Produced by Acremonium camptosporum W. Gams (Clavicipitaceae) Endophytic Fungus
Authors: Meléndez‐González Claudio , Murià‐González M. Jordi , Anaya Ana Luisa , Hernández‐Bautista Blanca E. , Hernández‐Ortega Simón , González María C. , Glenn Anthony E. , Hanlin Richard T. , Macías‐Rubalcava Martha L.
Published: January 2015

Bioactivity‐directed fractionation of the organic mycelium extract of the endophytic fungus Acremonium camptosporum W. Gams (Clavicipitaceae), isolated from the leaves of Bursera simaruba (Burseraceae), led to the isolation of six major heterodimeric polyketides, including one not previously characterized acremoxanthone derivative. In addition, the already known acremoxanthone C, acremonidins A and B, and acremoxanthones A and B were obtained. The structure of the new compound was established by extensive NMR studies, including DEPT, COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC methods. The trivial name proposed for this compound is acremoxanthone E. In addition, the structure of acremoxanthone C was unequivocally established for the first time, through X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis. The anti‐oomycete activities of the pure compounds were tested against four economically important phytopathogenic oomycetes. Inhibitory concentration for 50% diameter growth reduction, IC50, values for the four phytopathogens ranged from 6 to 38 μM. Also, in parallel, the cytotoxic activities against six cancer cell lines were evaluated showing IC50 values similar to those of cisplatin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on three different groups of heterodimeric polyketides, linked by a bicyclo[3.2.2]nonene, such as xanthoquinodins, acremonidins, and acremoxanthones, which are isolated from an endophytic fungus. In addition, a common biosynthetic origin could be proposed.
Risk and outcomes of complications during and after MitraClip implantation: Experience in 828 patients from the German TRAnscatheter mitral valve interventions (TRAMI) registry
Authors: Eggebrecht Holger , Schelle Sibylle , Puls Miriam , Plicht Björn , von Bardeleben Ralph Stephan , Butter Christian , May Andreas E. , Lubos Edith , Boekstegers Peter , Ouarrak Taoufik , Senges Jochen , Schmermund Axel
Published: January 2015

Aims

To analyze risk and outcomes of complications during and after MitraClip implantation using multicenter data from the prospective German Transcatheter Mitral Valve Interventions (TRAMI) registry.

Methods and Results

Data of 828 patients (mean age: 76.0 [71–81] years, 327 (40%) females) undergoing MitraClip implantation in Germany between 2010 and 2013 were analyzed. Most patients (85%) underwent elective procedures with on average implantation of 1.4 ± 0.6 clips. Emergent cardiac surgery was not required; a single patient died intraoperatively. During the in‐hospital period, complications occurred in 215 (25.9%) patients, of which 106 (12.8%) were considered major. Major bleeding complications were among the most frequent major complications (7.4%), while rates of pericardial tamponade (1.9%) and clip‐specific complications (embolization: 0%, partial clip detachment: 1.9%) were low. In‐hospital death, stroke or myocardial infarction (MACCE) occurred in 2.2, 0.9, and 0% patients, respectively. Patients with complications appeared to be older and more critically ill pre‐interventionally; in‐hospital mortality was significantly higher as compared to those without procedural complications.

Conclusions

MitraClip implantation appears to be a safe treatment option with low rates of MACCE and clip‐specific complications. Nevertheless, MitraClip therapy is not without complications. Careful patient selection and improvements in preventing peri‐procedural bleeding have the potential of reducing post‐procedural complications and improving outcomes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concomitant transatrial valve‐in‐valve in pulmonal and tricuspid position
Authors: Dahle Gry , Rein Kjell‐Arne , Bapat Vinayak
Published: January 2015

Transcatheter valve implantation in the pulmonary valve has been established as a valuable treatment option for patients with conduit failure in the right ventricular outflow tract, most often with the use of the Melody valve. Transcatheter valve‐in‐valve (VIV) implantation in the tricuspid position is restricted to single case reports, most often with the implantation of the Edwards SAPIEN valve. A 67 years old male with carcionoid syndrome and previously implanted bioprosthesis in the pulmonary and tricuspid valve now presented with worsening symptoms due to degeneration of both bioprostheses. The risk of new open surgery was deemed to high. We report of the first transatrial double VIV implantation using the balloon expandable Edwards SAPIEN XT in pulmonary and tricuspid position. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe leukopenia and thrombocytopenia secondary to quinidine
Authors: Nair M. R. S. , Duvernoy W. F. C. , Leichtman D. A.
Published: January 2015

A case of severe thrombocytopenia and leukopenia secondary to quinidine is presented. The white cell count and platelet count returned to normal within five days after initiation of corticosteroid therapy and cessation of quinidine. Of interest is the fact that the patient had developed a purpuric rash twelve months earlier after drinking gin and tonic.