bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale
Authors: Tang Suqin , Eisma Maarten C. , Li Jie , Chow Amy Y.M.
Published: December 2018

Given the severe mental health consequences that may ensue after bereavement, it is crucial to better understand malleable cognitive factors that are associated with poorer bereavement outcomes. Grief rumination (i.e., repetitive thinking about the causes and consequences of a loss) is a malleable cognitive process that is concurrently and longitudinally associated with postloss mental health problems. To assess grief rumination, the English and Dutch Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale (UGRS) were recently developed. The current study examined the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the UGRS. Three hundred and ninety‐three Chinese adults (56% women) bereaved on average 16.88 months ago filled out online questionnaires assessing demographic and loss‐related characteristics, grief rumination (UGRS), trait rumination, trait mindfulness, and anxiety, depressive, and prolonged grief symptoms. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that a second‐order five‐factor hierarchical model provided the most optimal factor structure for the Chinese UGRS. UGRS total scale and subscale scores demonstrated acceptable internal consistency. Grief rumination had a moderate positive association with trait rumination and a low negative association with trait mindfulness, providing convergent and discriminant validity evidence. Test‐criterion validity evidence was also provided. UGRS scores could distinguish bereaved groups with different relationships with the deceased. Moreover, grief rumination was associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and prolonged grief even after controlling for demographic and loss‐related variables, trait rumination, and trait mindfulness. The Chinese UGRS appears a valid and reliable instrument to assess grief rumination in Chinese bereaved individuals.
Left ventricular reverse remodelling predicts long‐term outcomes in patients with functional mitral regurgitation undergoing MitraClip therapy: results from a multicentre registry
Authors: Adamo Marianna , Godino Cosmo , Giannini Cristina , Scotti Andrea , Liga Riccardo , Curello Salvatore , Fiorina Claudia , Chiari Ermanna , Chizzola Giuliano , Abbenante Alessandro , Visco Emanuele , Branca Luca , Fiorelli Francesca , Agricola Eustachio , Stella Stefano , Lombardi Carlo , Colombo Antonio , Petronio Anna Sonia , Metra Marco , Ettori Federica
Published: December 2018

Aims

To explore whether left ventricular reverse remodelling (LVRR) is a predictor of outcomes in patients with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) undergoing MitraClip procedure.

Methods and results

We analysed 184 consecutive patients with FMR who underwent successful MitraClip procedure. LVRR was defined as a reduction in left ventricular end‐systolic volume ≥ 10% from baseline to 6 months. LVRR was observed in 79 (42.9%) patients. Compared with non‐LVRR, LVRR patients were more likely to be females, less likely to have an ischaemic aetiology of mitral regurgitation or a prior (<6 months) heart failure (HF) hospitalization, and had smaller left ventricular dimensions. New York Heart Association class improved from baseline up to 1‐year follow‐up in both groups. Higher rates of overall survival (87.3% vs. 75.2%, P = 0.039), freedom from HF hospitalization (77.2% vs. 60%, P = 0.020), and freedom from the composite endpoint (cardiovascular mortality or HF hospitalization) (74.7% vs. 55.2%; P = 0.012) were observed in LVRR vs. non‐LVRR patients at 2‐year follow‐up. LVRR was associated with a significant reduction of the adjusted relative risk of mortality, HF hospitalization and composite endpoint [hazard ratio (HR) 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20–0.96, P = 0.040; HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.32–0.97, P = 0.038; and HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.32–0.92, P = 0.023, respectively]. Female gender, absence of diabetes, freedom from prior HF hospitalization, non‐ischaemic aetiology of mitral regurgitation, and left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter < 75 mm were found to be independent predictors of LVRR.

Conclusions

Left ventricular reverse remodelling is associated with better long‐term outcomes in patients with FMR successfully treated with MitraClip. A careful patient selection may be useful as specific baseline features predict favourable left ventricular remodelling. [Correction added on 17 January 2019, after online publication: the preceding sentence has been changed.]
Titanium(IV) Catecholate‐Grafted Mesoporous Silica KIT‐6: Probing Sequential and Convergent Immobilization Approaches
Authors: Sonström Andrea , Schneider David , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Anwander Reiner
Published: December 2018

Molecular TiIVcatecholates were obtained as dimeric complexes from protonolysis reactions of Ti(NMe2)4with pyrocatechol (H2CAT), 4‐tert‐butylcatechol (H2CATtBu‐4), 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol (H2CATtBu2–3,5), 2,3‐dihydroxynaphthalene (H2DHN) and 3,6‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol (H2CATtBu2–3,6). The heteroleptic monocatecholate amide complexes were characterized by X‐ray structure analysis but only [Ti(CAT)(NMe2)2]2and [Ti(DHN)(NMe2)2]2were obtained as pure compounds. The solid‐state structures revealed TiIVcenters bridged by two catecholato ligands adopting a [κ2(O,µ‐O′)] coordination mode except for complex [Ti(CATtBu2–3,6)(NMe2)2] featuring one bridging catecholato and one bridging amido ligand. Heteroleptic complex [Ti(DHN)(NMe2)2]2was grafted onto large‐pore periodic mesoporous silica KIT‐6 (convergent approach) and the resulting TiIVsurface species compared with the establishedsequential approach, i.e., grafting of Ti(NMe2)4onto the KIT‐6 material and subsequent ligand exchange with H2DHN. Dimeric complex [Ti(DHN)(NMe2)2]2proved to be sufficiently reactive for a direct grafting yielding the same dominant surface species as obtained according to the sequential approach, as revealed by nitrogen physisorption, elemental analysis, and DRIFT/13C CP MAS spectroscopy.
Functionalised Alkaline Earth Iodides from Grignard Synthons “PhAeI(thf)n” (Ae = Mg‐Ba)
Authors: de Bruin‐Dickason Caspar N. , Deacon Glen B. , Jones Cameron , Junk Peter C. , Wiecko Michal
Published: December 2018

Derivatisation of Grignard synthons “PhAeI(thf)n” (Ae = Mg‐Ba) prepared in situ from reactions of metal filings and iodobenzene provides a one‐pot synthesis of heteroleptic N donor alkaline earth iodide complexes. Protolysis of “PhAeI(thf)n” with 3,5‐diphenylpyrazole (Ph2pzH) yields pyrazolate complexes [Mg2(µ‐Ph2pz)2(I)2(thf)3] (1), [Ae(Ph2pz)(I)(thf)4] (Ae = Ca (2), Sr (3)), and [Ba2(Ph2pz)2(µ‐I)2(thf)8] (4). Addition of the Ae‐Ph moiety to carbodiimide MesN=C=NMes (Mes = 2,4,6‐(CH3)3C6H2) gave a series of benzamidinate iodide complexes [Ca2{(MesN)2CPh}2(µ‐I)2(thf)4] (6), [Sr{(MesN)2CPh}(I)(thf)4] (7), and [{Ba{(MesN)2CPh}(µ‐I)(thf)3}∞] (8). By contrast a symmetrical magnesium complex [Mg{(MesN)2CPh}2(thf)] (5) was obtained by Schlenk redistribution. These syntheses proceed without pre‐activation of the metal for strontium and barium, and after activation with 2 mol‐% iodine for calcium. The heavy alkaline earth metal complexes are the first examples of heteroleptic halide pyrazolate or amidinate complexes for strontium and barium. Complexes 1, 3, 4 and 6–8 were characterised crystallographically, revealing diverse structural chemistry of heteroleptic amidinate and pyrazolate iodide complexes across the alkaline earth series. A highlight is [Ba{(MesN)2CPh}(µ‐I)(thf)3]∞ (8) – an iodide bridged infinite 1‐D polymer.
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
Authors: Gryko Daniel T.
Published: December 2018

In this guest editorial, Daniel Gryko gives a short account of the history of the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences (ICHO) and lists the active areas of research.
Investigation of a Thin‐film Quasi‐reference Electrode Fabricated by Combined Sputtering‐evaporation Approach
Authors: Wang Nan , Kanhere Elgar , Tao Kai , Hu Liangxing , Wu Jin , Miao Jianmin , Triantafyllou Michael S.
Published: December 2018

This paper presents the development of a thin‐film quasi‐reference electrode (tQRE), which was fabricated by sputtering silver (Ag) on a conducting gold layer. The Ag layer was subsequently covered by silver chloride (AgCl) with the aid of e‐beam evaporation. The functionality of the tQREs as reliable reference electrodes was confirmed by observing the potential response in solutions with various chloride ion concentrations. The influence of solution pH on the potential change of the tQREs was evaluated. In the solution with controlled ionic strength, the tQREs were able to provide stable and consistent potential outputs. Experimental investigation of the electrochemical sensors with integrated tQREs demonstrated potential applicability of the tQREs to be incorporated into miniaturized and disposable lab‐on‐a‐chip sensors for point‐of‐care/in‐situ measurements.
Electrochemical Portable Method for on site Screening of Scopolamine in Beverage and Urine Samples
Authors: da Costa Oliveira Thiago , Santana Mário H. P. , Banks Craig E. , Munoz Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza , Richter Eduardo Mathias
Published: December 2018

Scopolamine (SCP) is a psychoactive drug often added to beverages for recreational or abuse purposes (loss of memory and non‐consensual practices). In this work, a simple and portable method for fast in field screening of SCP in beverage (beer, coke, energy drink, sugarcane spirit, vodka, and whisky) and urine samples is presented. The proposed method is based on batch injection analysis with square wave voltammetric (BIA‐SWV) detection using boron‐doped diamond (BDD) as the working electrode. A voltammetric profile with accurate information on the presence or absence of SCP is obtained using a small sample volume (∼50 μL) and a simple sample pretreatment step (dilution in supporting electrolyte). Around two hundred analyses are possible using the proposed system (injection of single sample plug – 120 μL) without the need of electrodes handling or supporting electrolyte exchange (friendly to point‐of‐care or on site screenings). The quantification of SCP in beverages is also possible using the proposed portable protocol, with a limit of detection of 0.18 μmol L−1 and recovery values between 87 to 113 %.
Honey and Pollen Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and DNA Protecting Properties
Authors: Issaad Fatima Zohra , Fernandes Isabel P. G. , Enache Teodor Adrian , Mouats Chabane , Oliveira‐Brett Ana Maria
Published: December 2018

The phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, and the dsDNA oxidative damage protecting properties, of ten honey and two pollen samples, from different countries, Portugal, Algeria, Romania, and Greece, using differential pulse voltammetry, DPPH.spectrophotometric assay, reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, and agarose gel electrophoresis, were investigated. The honey samples highest antioxidant capacity was from Multi floral from Greece and the lowest for Mono floral black locust from Romania. The pollen from Romania presented higher antioxidant capacity compared with the pollen from Portugal but both pollen samples have a greater antioxidant capacity compared with the honey samples. In the presence of honey and pollen the DNA oxidative damage, induced by hydroxyl radicals generated through the Fenton reaction, was decreased.
Effect of temperature fluctuation, substrate concentration, and composition of starchy substrates in mixture and use of plant oils as antifoams on biogas production
Authors: Tumutegyereize Peter , Ketlogetswe Clever , Gandure Jerekias , Banadda Noble
Published: December 2018

This work investigated the effect of temperature fluctuations, substrate concentration and composition on foaming in anaerobic co‐digestion of matooke, cassava, and sweet potato peels for biogas production as well as the use of plant oils as antifoams. In general, obtained results show that temperature fluctuations from mesophilic (≥25°C) to psychrophilic range (<25°C) is the major factor behind foaming in anaerobic digestion. Specifically, at concentrations of 6 and 9 g VS/L with methane yield of 1228.69 and 735.55 Nml CH4/g VS, respectively, for 2:0:1 ratio, there was no foaming until after 7.6 days compared with the other ratios where foaming generally started after 3.5 days. This indicated that, apart from high substrate concentration, foaming is also a function of substrate composition. Plant oils were found to suppress foaming only if temperatures were above 25°C, indicating temperature fluctuations to be the main factor in foaming even in the presence of antifoams. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2018 © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13115, 2019
Prevalence and correlates of a positive screen for eating disorders among Syrian refugees
Authors: Aoun Antoine , Joundi Janine , El Gerges Najwa
Published: December 2018

The objective of this cross‐sectional study was to examine the prevalence and correlates of a positive screen for eating disorders (EDs) in a sample of Syrian refugees living in North Lebanon. The study was conducted on a convenience sample of 450 (84.67% women and 15.33% men) refugees, aged between 18 and 45 years. The prevalence of a positive screen for ED was 5.79%. Bivariate analyses revealed that female gender (p = 0.02), presence of medical conditions (p = 0.01), old occurrence of major stressful life event (p < 0.01), and positive primary care post‐traumatic stress disorder screen (p < 0.01) were associated with the positive sick, control, one stone, fat, food tool. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that subjects screened with post‐traumatic stress disorder had a three times higher risk of having a positive screen for ED (odds ratio = 3.2; 95% confidence interval [1.32, 7.78]). Early detection of ED and related factors may help identify refugees who would benefit from interventions to improve mental health.
The trilogy of China cotton markets: The lead–lag relationship among spot, forward, and futures markets
Authors: Demir Mert , Martell Terrence F. , Wang Jun
Published: December 2018

China is a leading participant in the world cotton market. China’s distinctive regulatory structure and procedures and business environment provide an opportunity to explore some unique market dynamics. This study investigates the interrelationship among the spot, futures, and forward cotton markets in China over a period of a major policy change: A temporary State reserve program for cotton that was established in 2011 and ended in 2014. This government intervention significantly distorted the way farmers, manufacturers, and speculators interacted and was not sustainable. Overall, our results support futures market’s dominant role in the price discovery process.
A new report of the early Palaeozoic hornblendite in South China and its tectonic significance
Authors: Shu Xujie , Gao Tianshan , Zhou Xiaohua , Li Haili
Published: December 2018

Outcrops of early Palaeozoic mafic rocks are limited in the South China Block (SCB), which become a barrier to unlock the related tectonic evolutionary history. We present a new report of early Palaeozoic Pengxi hornblendite at Xiajiang County, Jiangxi Province, in this paper. The Pengxi hornblendite has a concordant zircon U–Pb age of 433 ± 2 Ma (40 grains) which could represent its formation time. It is characterized by high MgO content (16.8–19.6 wt.%) and Mg# (78–80), compatible elements concentration (Ni = 280–506 ppm, Cr = 1,580–1,780 ppm), and evident depletions of Nb, Ta, and Ti which are similar to the arc‐related magmatism. Combining with the enriched Nd (εNd(t) = −5.3 to −7.8) isotopic feature, we suggest that the hornblendite was derived from partial melting of metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). The lack of other field geological evidences in the study and adjacent areas, such as volcanic rocks, pyroclastic sedimentary rocks, and turbidites, did not support the contemporaneous subduction model. The study area is located near the boundary of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks which was a Neoproterozoic subduction belt characterized by ophiolites, volcanic rocks, and turbidites. Mafic rocks formed at different periods (e.g., 800, 500, and 430 Ma) in the SCB have similar enriched Nd isotopic compositions and La/Nb ratios which suggest that the Silurian hornblendite with arc‐like geochemical features may not be the result of contemporaneous subduction but likely inherited from the Neoproterozoic subduction. During Silurian post‐orogenic collapse event, the partial melting of enriched SCLM generated the Pengxi hornblendite. This work can provide new data to the further discussion of the controversies in the tectonic background of the SCB.
An empirical evaluation of multivariate lesion behaviour mapping using support vector regression
Authors: Sperber Christoph , Wiesen Daniel , Karnath Hans‐Otto
Published: December 2018

Multivariate lesion behaviour mapping based on machine learning algorithms has recently been suggested to complement the methods of anatomo‐behavioural approaches in cognitive neuroscience. Several studies applied and validated support vector regression‐based lesion symptom mapping (SVR‐LSM) to map anatomo‐behavioural relations. However, this promising method, as well as the multivariate approach per se, still bears many open questions. By using large lesion samples in three simulation experiments, the present study empirically tested the validity of several methodological aspects. We found that (i) correction for multiple comparisons is required in the current implementation of SVR‐LSM, (ii) that sample sizes of at least 100–120 subjects are required to optimally model voxel‐wise lesion location in SVR‐LSM, and (iii) that SVR‐LSM is susceptible to misplacement of statistical topographies along the brain's vasculature to a similar extent as mass‐univariate analyses.
The impact of e‐wallet on informal farm entrepreneurship development in rural Nigeria
Authors: Uduji Joseph Ikechukwu , Okolo‐Obasi Elda Nduka , Asongu Simplice Anutechia
Published: December 2018

Transforming agriculture from a largely subsistence enterprise to a profitable commercial venture is both a prerequisite and a driving force for accelerated development and sustainable growth in sub‐Saharan Africa. The objective of this investigation is to assess the impact of the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) e‐wallet program on informal farm entrepreneurship development in rural Nigeria. Informal sector farmers are those that are not legally registered at the national level although could be connected to a registered association.

The research is motivated by the absence of literature focusing on the problem statement or objective of the study. One thousand one hundred and fifty‐two rural farmers were sampled across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Results from the use of a bivariate probit model indicate that the mobile phone‐based technology via the e‐wallet program is a critical factor that has enhanced farm entrepreneurship in rural Nigeria. However, results also show that the impact of mobile phones (as a channel to accessing and using modern agricultural inputs) is contingent on how mobile networks are able to link farmers who live in rural areas and work mainly in farming. The results suggest that increasing mobile phone services in rural Nigeria enhances farmers' knowledge, information, and adoption of improved farm inputs and by extension, spurs rural informal sector economic activities in sub‐Saharan Africa. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.
A facility mandate for pharmacist assessment improves venous thromboembolism outcomes
Authors: Cole Jennifer L. , Stark Jennifer E.
Published: December 2018

Background

Narrowing the implementation gap for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) continues to be a challenge for many health care facilities. A primary Veterans Affairs (VA) facility implemented a new mandate for pharmacy assessment of VTE risk factors in acute care patients with required documentation in the permanent medical record using a novel electronic note and template. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of this innovative intervention on VTE outcomes.

Methods

Beginning in January 2014, a clinical pharmacist reviewed hospitalized patient profiles within 48 hours of admission at the study facility. Risk factors for VTE were identified and the presence or absence of appropriate pharmacologic prophylaxis was documented in an electronic note. If pharmacologic prophylaxis was indicated but not given, the provider was added to the note as a required additional signer. This was a retrospective review of aggregated data from October 2008 to June 2018. The primary outcome was incidence of VTE events before and after the 2014 intervention. Secondary outcomes included 30‐day readmissions for VTE and percentage of high‐risk patients with VTE prophylaxis present.

Results

There were a total of 36 474 discharges encompassed in the study period; 23 202 before and 13 272 after the 2014 required pharmacist assessment. The incidence of VTE decreased from 0.20% to 0.11% (odds ratio [OR] 1.90; confidence interval [CI] 1.04‐3.46, P = 0.039). The incidence of 30‐day readmissions for VTE also decreased from 0.16% to 0.04% (OR 4.12; CI 1.67‐10.19, P = 0.001). High‐risk diagnoses had a similar rate of pharmacologic prophylaxis (82% vs 86%; P = 0.31).

Conclusion

A facility mandate for pharmacy assessment of VTE risk factors with the development of a novel electronic note and required documentation in the medical record decreased preventable VTE events.
An antibiofilm coating of 5‐aryl‐2‐aminoimidazole covalently attached to a titanium surface
Authors: Peeters Elien , Hooyberghs Geert , Robijns Stijn , De Weerdt Ami , Kucharíková Soňa , Tournu Hélène , Braem Annabel , Čeh Katerina , Majdič Gregor , Španič Tanja , Pogorevc Estera , Claes Birgit , Dovgan Barbara , Girandon Lenart , Impellizzeri Frédéric , Erdtmann Martin , Krona Annika , Vleugels Jef , Fröhlich Mirjam , Garcia‐Forgas Jordi , De Brucker Katrijn , Cammue Bruno P.A. , Thevissen Karin , Van Dijck Patrick , Vanderleyden Jozef , Van der Eycken Erik , Steenackers Hans P.
Published: December 2018

Biofilms, especially those formed by Staphylococcus aureus, play a key role in the development of orthopedic implant infections. Eradication of these infections is challenging due to the elevated tolerance of biofilm cells against antimicrobial agents. In this study, we developed an antibiofilm coating consisting of 5‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐N‐cyclopentyl‐1‐octyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐amine, designated as LC0024, covalently bound to a titanium implant surface (LC0024‐Ti). We showed in vitro that the LC0024‐Ti surface reduces biofilm formation of S. aureus in a specific manner without reducing the planktonic cells above the biofilm, as evaluated by plate counting and fluorescence microscopy. The advantage of compounds that only inhibit biofilm formation without affecting the viability of the planktonic cells, is that reduced development of bacterial resistance is expected. To determine the antibiofilm activity of LC0024‐Ti surfaces in vivo, a biomaterial‐associated murine infection model was used. The results indicated a significant reduction in S. aureus biofilm formation (up to 96%) on the LC0024‐Ti substrates compared to pristine titanium controls. Additionally, we found that the LC0024‐Ti substrates did not affect the attachment and proliferation of human cells involved in osseointegration and bone repair. In summary, our results emphasize the clinical potential of covalent coatings of LC0024 on titanium implant surfaces to reduce the risk of orthopedic implant infections. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1908–1919, 2019.
LncRNA NEAT1 promotes extracellular matrix accumulation and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition by targeting miR‐27b‐3p and ZEB1 in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Xu Yong , Zhu Ying‐Chun , Wang Ya‐Kun , Li Ji , Li Xiao‐Ying , Ji Tingting , Bai Shou‐Jun
Published: December 2018

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a kind of microvascular complications of diabetes. Long noncoding RNAs (lnRNAs) can participate in the development of various diseases, including DN. However, the function of lncRNA NEAT1 is unclear. In our present study, we reported that NEAT1 was significantly increased in streptozotocin‐induced DN rat models and high‐glucose‐induced mice mesangial cells. We observed that knockdown of NEAT1 greatly inhibited renal injury of DN rats. Meanwhile, downregulation of NEAT1‐modulated extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (ASK1, fibronectin, and TGF‐β1) expression and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins (E‐cadherin and N‐cadherin) in vitro. Previously, miR‐27b‐3p has been reported to be involved in diabetes. Here, miR‐27b‐3p was decreased in DN rats and high‐glucose‐induced mice mesangial cells. The direct correlation between NEAT1 and miR‐27b‐3p was validated using the dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation experiments. In addition, zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), which has been identified in the process of EMT clearly contributes to EMT progression. ZEB1 was predicted as a target of miR‐27b‐3p and overexpression of miR‐27b‐3p dramatically repressed ZEB1 expression. Therefore, our data implied the potential role of NEAT1 in the fibrogenesis and EMT in DN via targeting miR‐27b‐3p and ZEB1.
MSI‐L/EMAST is a predictive biomarker for metastasis in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Torshizi Esfahani Amir , Seyedna Seyed Yoosef , Nazemalhosseini Mojarad Ehsan , Majd Ahmad , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid
Published: December 2018

Background

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). The biological significance of MSI‐low (MSI‐L) phenotype and its differences with microsatellite stable (MSS) phenotype remains unclear. The aim of this study is indicating the role of mononucleotide repeat in identifying MSI‐L and revealing the association of MSI‐L with elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) and oncologic outcome in CRC patients.

Methods

MSI and EMAST status were analyzed using three quasimonomorphic panel (BAT‐25, BAT‐26, and NR‐27) and five tetranucleotide repeats (D20S82, D20S85, D9S242, D8S321, and MYCL1), respectively, by capillary electrophoresis method without the need to fluorescent primers. The associations of MSI status with clinicopathological features, EMAST status, metastasis, and overall survival (OS) were investigated.

Results

Among 159 CRC patient 22.0% were MSI‐H, 40.3% were MSS, 37.7% were MSI‐L, and 41.5% showed EMAST + phenotype. MSI‐L were associated with advanced stages, EMAST+ tumors and worse OS (
p ≤ 0.001). Metastasis was relatively common in MSI‐L/EMAST
+ CRCs and BAT‐25 were the most unstable marker in these tumors.

Conclusions

MSI‐L tumors have different clinicopathological features from MSS and MSI‐H tumors. The MSI‐L phenotype is a worse prognostic biomarker in CRC and when accompanied by EMAST could be a predictor for metastasis.
HER2+ mCRC patients with exon 20 R784G substitution mutation do not respond to the cetuximab therapy
Authors: Gharib Ehsan , Salmanipour Reza , Nazemalhosseini Mojarad Ehsan , Yaghoob Taleghani Mohammad , Sarlak Saharnaz , Malekzade‐Moghani Mona , Nasrabadi Parinaz Nasri , Meiary Mohammad Amin , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Zali Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2018

The human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) gene undergoes various mutations that could alter its activity or respond to the antibody therapies. Cetuximab, a known anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAB), is widely administered in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) cases. Here we identified mCRC patients who did not respond to cetuximab (500 mg/m2, q2w) after fluoropyrimidine/oxaliplatin regimen failure. Tumor samples were examined with immunohistochemistry for protein distribution, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing for mutation detection and real‐time PCR for mRNA expression pattern analysis between cetuximab sensitive and resistance patients. The conformational differences of normal and mutated protein structures were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The 5‐year survival rates of target groups were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Immunohistochemistry showed that all cases had high level of HER2 protein. No K‐Ras or B‐Raf mutation was observed among the study population; however, cetuximab resistance patients harbored a somatic mutation R784G at the exon 20 region of HER2 coding sequence. According to bioinformatics analysis, this mutation caused a notable misfold in protein conformation. Meanwhile, survival analysis showed R784G mutated mCRC patients had shortened survival rate compared with the mCRC cases with wild‐type HER2. Collectively, these data report a new mechanism of resistance to cetuximab and might be applicable in modifying new therapeutic strategies for HER2 involved cancers.
High prevalence of binge drinking among people living with HIV in four African countries
Authors: Nouaman Marcellin N , Vinikoor Michael , Seydi Moussa , Ekouevi Didier K , Coffie Patrick A , Mulenga Lloyd , Tanon Aristophane , Egger Matthias , Dabis François , Jaquet Antoine , Wandeler Gilles ,   IeDEA
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Excessive alcohol consumption leads to unfavourable outcomes in people living with HIV (PLHIV), including reduced adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and engagement into care. However, there is limited information on alcohol consumption patterns among PLHIV in sub‐Saharan Africa.

Methods

Using a cross‐sectional approach, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT‐C) was administered to PLHIV attending HIV clinics in Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, Senegal and Zambia (2013 to 2015). Hazardous drinking was defined as an AUDIT‐C score ≥4 for men or ≥3 for women, and binge drinking as ≥6 drinks at least once per month. The prevalence of binge drinking was compared to estimates from the general population using data from the World Health Organization. Factors associated with binge drinking among persons declaring any alcohol use in the past year were assessed using a logistic regression model to estimate odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Among 1824 PLHIV (median age 39 years, 62.8% female), the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use ranged from 0.9% in Senegal to 38.4% in Zambia. The prevalence of binge drinking ranged from 14.3% among drinkers in Senegal to 81.8% in Zambia, with higher estimates among PLHIV than in the general population. Male sex (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.7), tobacco use (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.9) and living in Zambia were associated with binge drinking.

Conclusions

Alcohol consumption patterns varied widely across settings and binge drinking was more frequent in HIV‐positive individuals compared to the general population. Interventions to reduce excessive alcohol use are urgently needed to optimize adherence in the era of universal ART.
Synapse preservation and decreased glial reactions following ventral root crush (VRC) and treatment with 4‐hydroxy‐tempo (TEMPOL)
Authors: Spejo Aline Barroso , Teles Caroline Brandão , Zuccoli Giuliana da Silva , Oliveira Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de
Published: December 2018

Astrogliosis and microglial reactions are correlated with the formation of scar tissue and synapse loss. 4‐hydroxy‐tempo (TEMPOL) is a reactive oxygen species scavenger with proven neuroprotective efficacy in experimental models of traumatic injury and cerebral ischemia. TEMPOL has not, however, been applied following ventral root lesions, which are particularly correlated with the degeneration of spinal motoneurons following brachial plexus injuries. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of TEMPOL on motoneurons and adjacent glial reactions, with a particular focus on the preservation of excitatory and inhibitory spinal circuits. Adult female Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to ventral root crush (VRC) at the lumbar intumescence. Animals were divided into the following experimental groups: (a) VRC–saline treatment; (b) VRC–TEMPOL treatment (12 mg/kg, n = 5), and (c) VRC–TEMPOL treatment (250 mg/kg, n = 5). The spinal cord tissue located contralateral to the lesion was used as the control. Fourteen days after lesioning, the rats were euthanized and the spinal cords were removed for motoneuron counting and immunolabeling with glial (GFAP and Iba‐1) and synapse markers (synaptophysin, VGLUT‐1, and GAD65). Although TEMPOL did not exert neuroprotective effects at the studied concentrations, the modulation of glial reactions was significant at higher doses. Thus, synaptophysin staining was preserved and, in particular, VGLUT‐1‐positive inputs were maintained, thereby indicating that TEMPOL preserved proprioceptive glutamatergic inputs without exacerbating the rate of motoneuron degeneration. Consequently, its administration with other efficient neuroprotective substances may significantly improve the outcomes following spinal cord lesioning.
Angiogenin production in response to hypoxia and l‐mimosine in periodontal fibroblasts
Authors: Janjić Klara , Bauer Peter , Edelmayer Michael , Cvikl Barbara , Schädl Barbara , Moritz Andreas , Agis Hermann
Published: December 2018

Background

A major mediator of angiogenesis is angiogenin, which is expressed in the early phase of healing in oral tissue engineering strategies. It is unclear how angiogenin is regulated in the periodontal tissue. The objective of this study was to reveal the regulation of angiogenin in response to hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic agent l‐mimosine in periodontal fibroblasts.

Methods

Human fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament (PDLF) and the gingiva (GF) in monolayer and spheroid cultures were exposed to hypoxia or l‐mimosine. The production of angiogenin was evaluated at mRNA and protein levels with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Echinomycin, an inhibitor of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1 activity, was used to test the involvement of HIF‐1.

Results

Our data show that hypoxia and l‐mimosine can increase angiogenin mRNA and protein levels in PDLF monolayer cultures. In GF monolayer cultures, we found an increase of angiogenin at the mRNA level in response to hypoxia. The increase of angiogenin can be blocked by inhibition of HIF‐1 signaling via echinomycin. In PDLF and GF spheroid cultures, the impact of hypoxia and l‐mimosine did not reach the level of significance.

Conclusion

Hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic agent l‐mimosine can increase the production of angiogenin via HIF‐1 signaling in PDLF monolayer cultures but not in spheroid cultures. GF were less sensitive to the impact of hypoxia and l‐mimosine. Overall, these results suggest a link between hypoxia, HIF‐1 signaling and angiogenin in the periodontium.
Infused self‐assembly on Langmuir–Blodgett Film: Fabrication of highly efficient SERS active substrates with controlled plasmonic aggregates
Authors: Saha Somsubhra , Ghosh Manash , Chowdhury Joydeep
Published: December 2018

A facile procedure towards the fabrication of highly reproducible, large area surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrates through integration of Langmuir–Blodgett and self‐assembly technique has been reported. The plasmonic architectures of the substrates can be tuned at will to control the hot spots and hence the overall enhancements of SERS signal. The as‐prepared substrates of classes “A” and “B” incubated in gold nanocolloids show their respective efficacies as efficient SERS sensing scaffolds for detecting 4‐MPy molecule at ultrasensitive concentrations. Moreover, these substrates are unique in their kinds, where explicit or concomitant presence of protonated and deprotonated forms of 4‐MPy can be detected at trace concentrations. The substrates also exhibit remarkable spectral reproducibility and show early promise to overcome the “SERS uncertainty principle”. To our knowledge, this genre of SERS active substrates with facile control over plasmonics, is the first report of its kind and are expected to provide new direction towards successful fabrication of the next generation SERS sensing platforms.
Non‐destructive characterization of egg odor and fertilization status by SPME/GC‐MS coupled with electronic nose
Authors: Xiang Xiao‐le , Wang Ya‐lan , Yu Zhi‐hui , Ma Mei‐hu , Zhu Zhi‐hui , Jin Yon‐guo
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Early and non‐destructive identification of fertile (F) eggs is a difficult task in the process of breeding laying hens. The odors emitted from unfertilized (UF), infertile (IF), and fertile (F) eggs were characterized by solid‐phase microextraction / gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometry (SPME/GC‐MS) and electronic nose (E‐nose) to determine their differences by principal component, partial least squares, and canonical discriminant analyses.

RESULTS

A total of 14 volatiles were identified in unhatched shell white Leghorn eggs, such as nonanal, decanal, 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, and 6,10‐dimethyl‐5,9‐undecadien‐2‐one. Cedrene and decanal contributed greatly to the classification of UF and fertilized (Fd)/IF eggs; cedrene, decanal, 1‐octanol and hexanal contributed greatly to the distinction between UF and IF eggs; heptanal might be the potential marker to determine F/IF eggs. P40/1, P10/2, P10/1, TA/2, T40/2 and T30/1, P30/1, P40/2, PA/2, T40/2 mostly contributed to the distinction between UF and Fd eggs and between F and IF eggs, respectively. Canonical discriminant analysis presented superior differentiating efficiency for almost all groups, and the odor differences between UF and Fd eggs were significantly larger than the differences between F and IF eggs.

CONCLUSION

Solid‐phase microextraction / gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer combined with E‐nose may have the potential to non‐destructively distinguish UF, F, and IF eggs, which will provide a new perspective to understand the differences among them. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A Thermo‐ and Moisture‐Responsive Zwitterionic Shape Memory Polymer for Novel Self‐Healable Wound Dressing Applications
Authors: Li Guo , Wang Youpeng , Wang Shuwei , Liu Zhaotie , Liu Zhongwen , Jiang Jinqiang
Published: December 2018

Developing wound dressings that have strong adhesion strength without causing any conglutination to the wound site is still challenging. Herein, is proposed that zwitterionic shape memory polymers can be applied as promising candidates for wound dressing. Sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) is copolymerized with 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl methacrylate (DHMA) in the presence of boric acid as a cross‐linking agent. The prepared material exhibits multi‐stimuli responsive shape memory behaviors: it can rapidly return to its initial shape upon heating to 90 °C, and a gradual recovery is also observed by absorbing moisture in humid environments. The shape memory effect can be well adjusted via incorporation of sodium chloride to induce the dissociation of electrostatic interactions between PSBMA chains, leading to reduced transition temperature and faster shape recovery rate. Moreover, the dynamic nature of boron ester bonds and electrostatic interaction endows the material with effective and rapid self‐healing ability. It is also demonstrated that the deployment process of the dressing that a sample with an initially circular shape can perfectly fit and tightly bind to the wound site after moisture‐induced shape recovery. The proposed zwitterionic polymer can possibly extend the application scope of shape memory polymers and pave a new way for the design of wound dressings.
A break with the past? The shift from inward‐looking to internationally competitive and born global firms in Greece during the crisis
Authors: Pepelasis Ioanna Sapfo , Protogerou Aimilia
Published: December 2018

This article analyzes the core features of the new, innovative, and outward‐looking entrepreneurial paradigm arising in Greece during the post‐2008 contraction of the economy. Through case studies of 21 selected firms, we demonstrate the ways in which the new paradigm differs from the pre‐2008 prevailing business practices and the reasons why it has appeared at this particular moment in time. We argue that if it expands, this phenomenon may have the potential to change the face of Greece but that at this moment in time, it is at a critical turning point.
Integrated QSAR Models to Predict Acute Oral Systemic Toxicity
Authors: Ballabio Davide , Grisoni Francesca , Consonni Viviana , Todeschini Roberto
Published: December 2018

The ICCVAM Acute Toxicity Workgroup (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services), in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA, National Center for Computational Toxicology), coordinated the “Predictive Models for Acute Oral Systemic Toxicity” collaborative project to develop in silico models to predict acute oral systemic toxicity for filling regulatory needs. In this framework, new Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (QSAR) models for the prediction of very toxic (LD50 lower than 50 mg/kg) and nontoxic (LD50 greater than or equal to 2,000 mg/kg) endpoints were developed, as described in this study. Models were developed on a large set of chemicals (8992), provided by the project coordinators, considering the five OCED principles for QSAR applicability to regulatory endpoints. A Bayesian consensus approach integrating three different classification QSAR algorithms was applied as modelling method. For both the considered endpoints, the proposed approach demonstrated to be robust and predictive, as determined by a blind validation on a set of external molecules provided in a later stage by the coordinators of the collaborative project. Finally, the integration of predictions obtained for the very toxic and nontoxic endpoints allowed the identification of compounds associated to medium toxicity, as well as the analysis of consistency between the predictions obtained for the two endpoints on the same molecules. Predictions of the proposed consensus approach will be integrated with those originated from models proposed by the participants of the collaborative project to facilitate the regulatory acceptance of in‐silico predictions and thus reduce or replace experimental tests for acute toxicity.
Solid polymer electrolytes based on polystyrene‐polyether block copolymers having branched ether structure
Authors: Kokubo Hisashi , Nakazawa Eiji , Watanabe Masayoshi
Published: December 2018

To obtain solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) having high ionic conductivity together with mechanical integrity, we have synthesized polystyrene (PSt)‐polyether (PE) diblock copolymers via one‐pot anionic polymerization. The PSt block is expected to aggregate to act as hard fillers in the SPE to enhance the mechanical property. The PE block consists of random copolymer (P(EO‐r‐MEEGE)) of ethylene oxide (EO) and 2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy) ethyl glycidyl ether (MEEGE) in different molar ratios ([EO]/[MEEGE] = 100/0, 86/14, 75/25, 68/32, and 41/59). The introduction of the MEEGE moiety in PEO reduced the crystallinity of PEO, and the fast motion of the MEEGE side chain caused plasticization of the PE block, thereby contributing to the fast ion transport. SPEs were fabricated by mixing the obtained diblock copolymer (PSEx) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide (LiTFSA) with [Li]/[O] = 0.05. Ionic conductivity of the obtained SPEs was dependent on the molar ratio of EO in the PE block (x) as well as the weight fraction of PE block (fPE) in the block copolymer. PSE0.86 (fPE = 0.65) exhibited high ionic conductivity (3.3 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 30°C; 1.1 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 60°C) comparable with that of P(EO‐r‐MEEGE) (PE0.85; fPE = 1.00) (9.8 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 30°C; 4.0 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 60°C).
Experimental Evaluation of Sodium−Water Reaction (SWR) as Propellant
Authors: Guerrero Juan , Gil Iván , Navlet Juan J. , López‐Paniagua Ignacio , Abánades Alberto
Published: December 2018

The first results of a new line of research are presented, focused on producing rocket propulsion based upon the chemical reaction of two of the most abundant and affordable substances in nature: water and sodium. We have chosen SWR (Sodium Water Reaction) as a fuel candidate for an advanced propellant because of its excellent energetic properties, the absence of polluting products and the simplicity of sodium synthesis process, resulting in a new clean and sustainable energy source for rocket science that facilitates the replacement of current expensive and toxic reactants with a natural low‐cost renewable fuel. We have accomplished the characterization of the Sodium Water Reaction as a function of the nature of the reactants and the geometry of the reactor, including the assessment of the performance in a dedicated device.
Impact of Zirconium Doping on Steep Subthreshold Switching of Negative Capacitance Hafnium Oxide Based Transistors
Authors: Cheng Chun‐Hu , Lin Ming‐Huei , Chen Hsin‐Yu , Fan Chia‐Chi , Liu Chien , Hsu Hsiao‐Hsuan , Chang Chun‐Yen
Published: December 2018

In this work, it is demonstrated that the negative capacitance effect of ferroelectric Hf1−xZrxO2 transistor is highly correlated with Zr doping concentration. A steep subthreshold swing of 40 mV/decade, a low off‐state leakage current of 190 fA μm−1, and a large on/off current ratio of >107 can be simultaneously achieved in optimized negative capacitance Hf1−xZrxO2 transistor. Besides, the Zr diffusion issue and non‐ferroelectric phases significantly affect the multi‐domain switching of polycrystalline Hf1−xZrxO2. Therefore, an appropriate amount of Zr substitution is more favorable for both boosting ferroelectric and implementing the negative capacitance switch.
Can halogen bond energy be reliably estimated from electron density properties at bond critical point? The case of the (A)nZ—Y•••X−(X, Y = F, Cl, Br) interactions
Authors: Kuznetsov Maxim L.
Published: December 2018

Relationships between the Y•••X bond critical point (BCP) properties or the Y•••X distance and the halogen bond interaction energy were analyzed in detail by theoretical methods for the series of structures [(A)nZ—Y•••X]−(X,Y = F, Cl, Br; totally 441 structures). No relationship was found for the whole set of structures or for the series [(A)nZ—F•••X]−, [(A)nZ—Cl•••X]−, and [(A)nZ—Br•••X]−. The interaction energies may be roughly estimated from the BCP properties for the series [(A)nZ—Y•••F]−, [(A)nZ—Y•••Cl]−, and [(A)nZ—Y•••Br]−as well as for [(A)nZ—Y•••X]−(when (A)nZ is variable, X and Y are constant) with the mean absolute deviation values 2.04‐4.38 kcal/mol. The corresponding recommended relationships are provided and they are significantly different from the popular dependencies deduced previously for other types of noncovalent interactions. Tremendous effect of the computational method and basis set on the relationships under analysis was discovered. Computational results clearly indicate that, for practical purposes, theEint(BCP property) dependencies should be established not simply for each global type of interactions (hydrogen bond, halogen bond, chalcogen bond, etc.) but for each combination of the first and second order atoms taking into account also the computational method and basis set.