bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antihypertensive Medication Adherence and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Adults: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Quanhe , Chang Anping , Ritchey Matthew D. , Loustalot Fleetwood
Published: June 2017

Background

Antihypertension medication (antihypertensive) adherence lowers risk of cardiovascular disease (
CVD
); few studies have examined this association among older adults.

Methods and Results

We assessed this association among Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries aged 66 to 79 years who were newly diagnosed with hypertension and initiated on antihypertensives in 2008–2009 (n=155 597). We calculated proportion of days covered (
PDC
) during follow‐up, using proportional subdistribution hazard models, to examine association between antihypertensive adherence and a composite
CVD
outcomes, including first incident of fatal/nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, stroke/transient ischemic attack, and heart failure. During follow‐up (median 5.8 years and 798 621 person‐years), we documented 47 198
CVD
events. Among beneficiaries, 60.8%, 30.3%, and 8.9% had
PDC
≥80%, 40% to 79%, and <40%. Crude incidence of
CVD
events were 40.1 (95% CI, 40.0–40.1), 93.9 (93.8–93.9), and 98.1 (98.1–98.2) per 1000 person‐years for
PDC
≥80%, 40% to 79%, and <40%, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios for
CVD
events were 1.0 (<40% as reference), 1.0 (0.97–1.03) for 40% to 79%, and 0.44 (0.42–0.45) for ≥80% (
P
<0.001). Dose‐response analysis suggested a nonlinear relationship between
PDC
and risk for
CVD
events with a protective effect of ≥80%. The pattern of associations between
PDC
and ischemic heart disease, stroke/transient ischemic attack, and heart failure were largely consistent as for
CVD
events and across different groups.

Conclusions

Antihypertensive adherence was associated with a significantly lower risk of
CVD
events among older adults. There appeared to be a threshold effect in reducing
CVD
events at around
PDC
80%, above which the risk for
CVD
reduced substantially.
Photochemistry and Photophysics of Enediyne-Cored Polyphenylene Dendrimers
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuya , Arai Tatsuo
Published: June 2017

Two kinds of enediyne-cored polyphenylene dendrimer (mGn, pGn) were prepared as pure cis and trans isomers. In comparison to parent enediyne with no dendron substituents, the dendrimers exhibited highly efficient fluorescence emission with mutual cis–trans isomerization. Along with an increase in the generation of dendrons, decrease of Φiso and shortening of τS were observed, suggesting that dendrons affect cis–trans photoisomerization and deactivation from excited singlet state.
Efficient Anionic Ring Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide under Microfluidic Conditions
Authors: Furuta Akihiro , Okada Kazuhisa , Fukuyama Takahide
Published: June 2017

We investigated the anionic ring opening polymerization of ethylene oxide using a microflow system with a tubular reactor. Employing alkoxy anions as an initiator, the monoalkyl-ether terminated polyethylene glycols were obtained by the microfluidic system within 30 min of residence time, which is a remarkably shortened reaction time compared with a batch system. The use of a suitable micromixer is important to obtain monoalkyl-ether terminated PEGs in high yields and small PDIs. By comparison with a batch system, the anionic ROP in the microflow was quite smooth and the distribution of the obtained polymer was narrow with the use of MeONa as a catalyst.
I wanted to find you by inhabiting your tongue: Mistranslating between words and dance in choreographic practice
Authors: Longley Alys
Published: June 2017

When words and dance are made inextricable in performance, potential exists for disciplinary conventions to be cracked ajar, creating space for minor forms of practice that defy conventional expectations. In such circumstances, the relationship between bodies of language and bodies of motion is intensified and made visible. This article discusses the interplay of words and dance in the choreography Radio Strainer by Longley (2013), and through Simone Forti’s practice of Logomotion. The studio practices of Forti and the Radio Strainer rehearsals are discussed in relation to Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of a minor literature, Andrew Pickering’s discussion of the mangle of practice and Sally Gardner’s work on translation and mistranslation.
Comparative study of sperm motility in Metformin-using and Insulin-dependent diabetics
Authors: Zaidi Awais Ali , Khan Mahtab Ahmed , Sharif Ali , Shakir Lubna , Irshad Atif , Ali Arsalan , Shaheryar Zaib Ali
Published: June 2017

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents one of the greatest threats to modern global health. DM may affect male reproductive function at multiple levels as a result of its effects on spermatogenesis, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and change in sperm structure.

Methods: The present study deals with sperm motility and sperm morphological changes associated with diabetes in the male population. In this study, 50 insulin-dependent and 50 metformin users were selected, with ages of males ranging from 26-54 years and duration of diabetes distributed over 3-15 years. Both insulin-dependent and metformin-using diabetic subjects were evaluated for sperm analysis.

Results: Sperm analysis data showed a significant increase (p ±0.0005) in total sperm count in insulin-dependent diabetic men. However, sperm motility was found to be about 10-15% less in insulin-dependent patients compared to metformin users. Moreover, sperm morphology was improved in 6% of metformin users compared to insulin-dependent diabetics.

Conclusion: Our study concludes that metformin does not significantly affect sperm count. However, it does significantly affect sperm motility, when compared to insulin-dependent diabetic men. This study established an important relationship between diabetes and sperm motility, which reflects the reproductive capabilities of men.
Estimates of global HIV/AIDS mortality, prevalence and incidence rates, and their association with the Human Development Index
Authors: Mansori Kamyar , Ayubi Erfan , Shadmani Fatemeh Khosravi , Hanis Shiva Mansouri , Khazaei Somayeh , Sani Mohadeseh , Moradi Yousef , Khazaei Salman , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl
Published: June 2017

Background: HIV/AIDS is one of greatest global public health concerns today due to the high incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. The aim of this research was investigate and estimate the global HIV/AIDS mortality, prevalence and incidence rates, and explore their associations with the Human Development Index.

Methods: The global age-standardized rates of mortality, prevalence and incidence of HIV/AIDS were obtained from the UNAIDS for different countries in 2015. The human development indexes (HDIs) were obtained from the World Bank database. The surveyed countries were divided into four groups according to the HDI distribution. The Spearman correlation coefficient and one-way ANOVA test were used for assessing the association of HIV/ AIDS indicators and HDI.

Results: The highest rates of HIV/AIDS prevalence and incidence, and associated mortality in East and Southern Africa countries were 51.73%, 46.33% and 42.3%, respectively. Moreover, the highest and lowest global age-standardized rates of incidence and prevalence of HIV/AIDS was seen in adults ranging from 15-49 years of age for both low and high HDI countries. The prevalence and incidence rates of HIV/AIDS each had an inverse correlation with HDI and its four indicators (life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and GNI per capita).

Conclusion: Less developed countries with lower HDI show greater severity of the AIDS epidemic. Thus, it is essential to pay more attention to HIV/AIDS control and prevention programs in these countries.
The potential role of perceived support for reduction of special education teachers’ burnout
Authors: Langher Viviana , Caputo Andrea , Ricci Maria Elisabetta
Published: June 2017

Teacher burnout is conceived as a general concern in special education because of the emotionally demanding work context. This study explored the potential role of perceived support for reduction of burnout in a sample of 276 special education teachers working in lower (n=130) and higher (n=146) secondary schools. Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Educators Survey (MBI-ES) and a scale on the perceived collaboration and support from general education teachers. To explore the association between perceived support and each burnout measure considered (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and personal accomplishment), correlation analyses were performed. Then, in order to check the robustness of our empirical findings, multilevel regression models (at teacher-school-administrative area level) were used controlling for several variables (teacher socio-demographic characteristics, teacher training and professional background, inclusive teaching practice and school context). Results suggest the potential role of perceived support in reducing emotional exhaustion and improving personal accomplishment in all the models considered. Instead, the relationship between perceived support and depersonalisation seems to be quite controversial, moreover when adding controls related to teacher’s training and professional background.
Using metaphors to know the conceptions about the teaching profession in initial teacher education
Authors: Martí­nez-de-la-Hidalga Zoe , Villardón-Gallego Lourdes
Published: June 2017

Conceptions about teaching are important because they affect professional performance. Metaphors are a tool to identify them. In this qualitative study metaphors are used to gain insight into conceptions held by pre-service teachers, and their development during Initial Teacher Training in the Bachelor’s Degree in Primary Education.A total of 247 students participated in this cross-sectional study; 145 were first-year students, and 102 were fourth-year students. Participants were requested to submit a metaphor following the open-ended formula: “the teacher is like…. because…” In order to categorize their answers, we used an inductive method. Afterwards, we calculated frequencies and percentages.Metaphors are grouped according to the following categories: a) Main Character; b) Support; c) Family; d) Teaching; e) Importance. The most frequent category is Support, followed by Teaching and Family. First-year pre-service teachers refer to Family, Teaching and the Main Character role of teachers more often than students in their fourth year, whereas the latter allude more often than the former to the teachers’ role as providers of Support and as Social Agents.There is evidence of a development from a transmissive educational perspective to a constructivist and transformative perspective of education, but there is no indication of any evolution towards a socioconstructivist outlook.
Establishing profiles on the use of number sense
Authors: Bruno Alicia , Almeida Rut
Published: June 2017

Number sense includes the ability to use numbers and operations in a flexible and reasonable way. This work presents a case study on the use of number sense by eighth grade students (13-14 years old). We analyse individual interviews of eleven students that include number tasks that can be solved using strategies associated with number sense. By studying the strategies used by the students to answer the questions, we establish four profiles based on their preference for using number sense strategies, rules or algorithms, or on their lack of knowledge of basic number concepts.
Geometry Students’ Arguments About a 1-Point Perspective Drawing
Authors: DeJarnette Anna F. , Gonzalez Gloriana
Published: June 2017

The practice of formulating and justifying claims is a fundamental aspect of doing mathematics, and in geometry, students’ use of diagrams is integral to how they establish arguments. We applied Toulmin’s model to examine 23 geometry students’ arguments about figures included in a 1-point perspective drawing. We asked how students’ arguments drew upon their knowledge of 1-point perspective and their use of the diagram provided with the problem. Students warranted their claims based upon their knowledge of perspective, both in an artistic context as well as from experiences in everyday life. Students engaged in multiple apprehensions of the diagram, including using the given features, adding features, or measuring components, to justify claims about the figures. This study illustrates the importance of students’ prior knowledge of a context for formulating arguments, as well as how that prior knowledge is integrated with students’ use of a geometric diagram.
An Investigation of Dispositional Resistance, Change-specific Resistance and Change-Related Information: The Case of the “4+4+4” Educational Reform in Turkey
Authors: Kalman Mahmut , Bozbayindir Fatih
Published: June 2017

The purpose of the current study was to investigate teachers’ attitudes towards change, dispositional and change-specific resistance, and their perceptions of change-related information, within the context of the recent system-wide educational change, widely known as “4+4+4 Reform Initiative”, in Turkey.  The researchers conducted a mixed research study comprising a quantitative analysis of teachers’ attitudes towards the change in the Turkish education system and a sequential qualitative analysis of teachers’ attitudes, beliefs and intentions toward the change. The sample of the study consisted of 402 primary and middle schools teachers selected randomly. Research results indicated that teachers resisted to the recent change cognitively, affectively and intentionally, respectively. The highest resistance level was associated with cognitive resistance. Teachers’ perceptions of change-related information were at the “disagree” level. The paper concludes by drawing implications for educational reform initiatives in Turkey.
Análisis de la Elección de Itinerarios Educativos en los Universitarios Españoles. El Caso del Campus de Palencia de la Universidad de Valladolid
Authors: Valero-Matas Jesús Alberto , Callejo Javier , Valero-Oteo Irene , Romay Juan
Published: June 2017

This paper analyzes the perception that high school students have about of the teaching of science. It is a longitudinal study is carried on at the University of Valladolid. The inquiry wants to know the reasons because the students choose degrees of experimental sciences or social sciences. This research attempts to analyze the student’s assessments on science in undergraduate education. So then, we can design the tools and skills that we help to improve their training.
Location Determines Health Outcomes for Families With Children With Special Needs
Authors: Bellino Christina
Published: June 2017

Families living in poverty often do not have a choice but to live in impoverished neighborhoods. Low-income neighborhoods are typically characterized by poor-quality housing; ineffective schools; and a higher prevalence of crimes, drugs, and violence. For low-income families with children with special needs, living in areas of concentrated poverty is especially challenging. Owing to the isolation of such neighborhoods, residents often do not have access to quality supportive services and developmental opportunities for children with special needs. This lack of support predetermines the health outcome of a vulnerable child.
High Speed All-Optical Logic Gate Using QD-SOA and its Application
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Hu Hongyu
Published: June 2017

The scheme to realize high speed (~250Gb/s) all-optical Boolean logic gates using semiconductor optica amplifiers with quantum-dot (QD-SOA) is introduced and analyzed in this review. Numerical simulation method was presented by solving the rate equation and taking into account nonlinear dynamics including carrier heating and spectral hole-burning. Binary phase shift keyed (BPSK) signal and on-off keyed signal are used to generate high speed all-optical logic gates. The applications based on all-optical logic gates such as, all-optical latches, pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS) generation and all-optical encryption, are also discussed in this review. Results show that the scheme based on QD-SOA is a promising method for the realization of high speed all-optical communication system in the future.
Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Chiral and Achiral Separations of Pharmaceuticals, Biologics and Chemicals
Authors: Hemasa Ayman , Naumovski Nenad , Maher William A. , Ghanem Ashraf
Published: June 2017

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess unique mechanical, physical, electrical and absorbability properties coupled with their nanometer dimensional scale that renders them extremely valuable for applications in many fields including nanotechnology and chromatographic separation. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview about the applications of CNTs in chiral and achiral separations of pharmaceuticals, biologics and chemicals. Chiral SWCNTs and MWCNTs have been directly applied for the enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals and biologicals by using them as stationary or pseudostationary phases in chromatographic separation techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and gas chromatography (GC). Achiral MWCNTs have been used for achiral separations as efficient sorbent objects in solid-phase extraction techniques of biochemicals and drugs. Achiral SWCNTs have been applied in achiral separation of biological samples. Achiral SWCNTs and MWCNTs have been also successfully used to separate achiral mixtures of pharmaceuticals and chemicals. Collectively, functionalized CNTs have been indirectly applied in separation science by enhancing the enantioseparation of different chiral selectors whereas, non-functionalized CNTs have shown efficient capabilities for chiral separations by using techniques such as encapsulation or immobilization in polymer monolithic columns.
Coracles, Castanets, Cadaqu�s
Authors: Gough Kathleen M.
Published: June 2017

This ReView of a series of therapy sessions that took place two years ago, over a period of seven months, takes the form of a theatrical text written for the stage. Coracles, Castanets, Cadaqu�s is part monologue, part comedy, part detective story, and part history lesson and follows the story of theatre professor who makes an appointment with a therapist. What ensues is a sonic and surrealistic autobiographical tale of lost orientation, and of learning to turn an eye into an ear in order to hear the ways that our own darkness is looped with our grandest understanding of love. Oh, and there�s a tiger.
Ethics, Gesture and the Western
Authors: Minden Michael
Published: June 2017

This paper relates the Western Movie to Agamben�s implied gestural zone between intention and act. Film is important in the realisation of this zone because it was the first means of representation to capture the body in movement. The Western movie explores the space of ethical indistinction between the acts of individual fighters and the establishment of a rule of law, or putting this another way, between violence and justice. Two classic examples of an archetypal Western plot (Shane, 1953 and Unforgiven, 1991) that particularly embodies this are cited. In both a gunfighter who has forsworn violence at the start is led by the circumstances of the plot to take it up once more at the conclusion. In these terms all the gestures contained between these beginning- and end-points are analysable as an ethics of gesture because, captured as gestures, they occupy the human space between abstraction and action, suspended between them, and reducible to neither. �David Foster Wallace's definition of this narrative arc in Infinite Jest (and embodied in it) is adduced in order to suggest a parallel between Agamben's notion of an ethics of gesture, and an ethics of genre.
Editorial - Performance Philosophy Vol 3(1)
Authors: Schmidt Theron
Published: June 2017

A brief introduction to Performance Philosophy Vol 3, No 1 (2017)
Beuys� Chair and the Violence of the Other: Toward a Theory of Aesth-ethics
Authors: Pimentel Dror
Published: June 2017

Most rare are those works of art that, in a simple visual gesture, succeed in formulating a dilemma that occupies culture as a whole. Such is the artwork of Joseph Beuys entitled Fat Chair. The work�viewed mainly from a phenomenological perspective�is comprised of two elements holding a tension: a chair on the one hand, and a lump of fat placed on top of it on the other. The tension between these elements, so the article argues, manifests the tension between two types of violence: following Benjamin, these are termed �the violence of the Father� and �the violence of the Other� (or in Hebrew, �the Violence of ha-Rav�). The violence of the Father refers mainly to the violence of culture: the violence of the concept and the category from the side of the object, and the violence of the law/name of the Father from the side of the subject. The violence of the Other, transgressing distinctions between good and evil and subject and object, is the violence of the pre-cultural and the primordial, before law and language. This primal violence cannot appear in its full presence, either in culture in general or in art in particular; it can only appear as a leftover and a spectre. Beuys' artwork manifests this aporetic appearance in a paradigmatic manner, and in this sense, it could serve as a paradigm for the possibility of hospitality in art. In fact, the article opens the way for an argument of a larger scale, according to which art, and not the social sphere�as Levinas maintains�should be viewed as the sphere of the� hospitality of the entirely Other. The study of such hospitality in art should therefore be termed �Aesth-ethics.�
Effects of reservoir operation and climate change on thermal stratification of a canyon-shaped reservoir, in northwest China
Authors: Li Yang , Huang Ting-lin , Zhou Zi-zhen , Long Sheng-hai , Zhang Hai-han
Published: June 2017

Thermal stratification has a significant impact on water quality and ecological characteristics. Reservoir operation and climate change have an effect on the thermal regime. The Jinpen Reservoir is a large canyon-shaped reservoir located in Shaanxi Province with a strong thermal stratification, which resulted in an anaerobic condition in the hypolimnion. We used a hydrodynamic module based on MIKE 3 to simulate the thermal structure of the Jinpen Reservoir and study the relationship between the thermal regime, reservoir operation and climate change. Based on the daily hydrological and climatic data from 2004 to 2013, we made 13 hypothetical simulated conditions that included extreme change of inflow volume, water level, air temperature, radiation, inflow water temperature and selective withdrawal to explore the effect of different factors on the thermal regime. The results showed that the period of thermal stratification, water column stability and surface water temperature were influenced by these factors. With the increase of air temperature, the simulation results indicated a stronger thermal stratification and a higher surface water temperature, which could cause water safety problems. Deep withdrawal could decrease water column stability and prompt water column mixing early, which could be used by reservoir managers to optimize the reservoir operation.
OSIĄGNIĘCIA POLSKICH ROMANISTÓW W CIĄGU OSTATNICH DWÓCH LAT (2006/2007 – 2007/2008)
Authors: Zabłocka Maria
Published: June 2017

Polish Romanistic Research in the Last Two Years (2006/2007 – 2007/2008)SummaryThe article presents publications of Polish romanists published in the last two academic years. They include editions of the sources, their translations accompanied by commentaries, as well studies on Roman private law covering the law of persons, family law, law of property, succession, obligations and procedure. An important part of the recent studies is devoted to public law: above all criminal law and broadly understood administrative law. Several authors addressed the problem of the influence of Roman law on the legal culture of Europe. Research was done as well on the history of law faculties and the romanists who lectured there. All these studies indicate a slight change in the scientific interest of the Polish romanists. We welcome the fact that more interest was paid to various problems of public law, in this way the romanistic research may be able to show the roots of the later and modern jurisprudence. One could postulate further studies not on the classical period of Roman law but also on its later developments. Scholars should never limit themselves to study of subjects reflecting contemporary legal science, as we never know if the one day the ‘dated’ institutions should not revive in a slightly changed form: such is the case of the modern construction of transfer of ownership as a security for debt functionally reflecting the Roman fiducia cum creditore contracta. In this manner the analysis of the ancient legal structures may provide for better understanding of the presently binding norms.
STOSOWANIE RZYMSKICH USTAW KARNYCH WOBEC PIRATÓW
Authors: Tarwacka Anna
Published: June 2017

The Usage of the Roman Criminal Laws against PiratesSummaryThe last two centuries of the Roman Republic were a period of the most intensive piratical activity in the Mediterranean Sea. The Romans recognized this peril too late to be able to deal with it easily. Piracy of this period may be considered a crime on an international scale.There were no separate legal acts penalizing piracy, the maritime bandits were subject to the leges penalizing single crimes. Among these the most important were the leges de vi concerning using of force in public and private life; lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis penalizing murder and carrying of weapons. These regulations were further extended to punish theft from shipwrecks and violence against sailors. Selling free citizens and and taking them hostage was subject to the lex Fabia de plagio.
NIEMIECKA USTAWA O SPÓŁCE Z OGRANICZONĄ ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCIĄ – NAJNOWSZE ZMIANY
Authors: Gawrysiak-Zabłocka Aleksandra
Published: June 2017

The German Private Limited Liability Act – Recent ChangesSummaryThe Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH – Private Limited Company) is the most popular organizational form for businesses in Germany – numbering almost one million entities. Nevertheless, few changes had been made since its inception in the late 19th century, leading to complex case law. Moreover, in the famous Centros case the ECJ decided that a businessperson may legally incorporate his or her business anywhere in the European Union, even if this happens for the sole reason of avoiding a stricter national corporate regime. As a result many Germans decided to establish company in U.K. because Ltd. legal regime was by no means more transparent and accessible than the GmbH legal regime (no requirement of minimum share capital). In such a situation, after long discussions, German parliament adopted Gesetz zur Modernisierung des GmbH-Rechts und zur Bekämpfung von Missbräuchen (MoMiG – Law for the Modernisation of the German Limited Liability Company Law and the Prevention of Misuse) which came into force on the 1 November 2008. In the article some of the most important features of the new GmbH-Recht are analyzed. Changes in German law could be an important inspiration for Polish legislator since the discussion on how to make Polish spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością more competitive and how to prevent abuse of company law is currently underway in our country.
POWAGA RZECZY OSĄDZONEJ A DOCHODZENIE ODSETEK OD ZALEGŁYCH ODSETEK
Authors: Jędrejek Grzegorz
Published: June 2017

RES IUDICATA and Pursuing Interests for Interests in ArrearsSummaryThe aim of the article is to explain the doubts concerning the admissibility of pursuing interest for interest in arrears. This problem evokes doubts in the practice. The article presents the interpretation of art. 482 of the Civil Code, which includes the prohibition of anatocism. The exceptions thereto were also discussed. If the plaintiff, apart from the basic claim, pursues interests as an additional claim, the issued verdict creates the state of res iudicata also with regard to interests (art. 366 of the Code of Civil Procedure). In case of filing a state of claims for the interests for the interests in arrears, which is one of the exceptions from the rule of anatocism, the plaintiff counts the interests from the moment of filing the statement of claims regarding
GWARANCJA PRZY SPRZEDAŻY KONSUMENCKIEJ (WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA)
Authors: Król Adrian
Published: June 2017

Consumer’s Guarantee (Selected Issues)SummaryThe hereby article is truly devoted to the important issues related to the guarantee related to the purchase. The contract of sale is the most often concluded contract within consumer’s trade, and thus it is difficult to reprice its practical importance both in economical and legal terms. One can even say there has recently been recast of one law contracts in its detailed part, from sale contract into the vast and complex law of sale. Today more and more, its subject are goods of a high market value, which are under guarantee of quality – either given by the manufacturers or seller. However, whether under what conditions, or if in general the guarantee will be granted, decides mainly the guarantor. Therefore quite often the consumer has little influence on the contest of the guarantee. All above gives precise analysis of the complex institution.The hereby paper the author presents a detailed guarantee, discussing in particular such issues as the role and nature of legal guarantees, the person responsible for the guarantee, the powers given to the customer , the significance of the document. The author recalls at the same time the views of the doctrine of civil law as well as the jurisprudence in this area.
[KOMENTARZ] DO USTAWY JULIJSKIEJ O PORYWACZACH. 15 TYTUŁ 48 KSIĘGI DIGESTÓW. TEKST – TŁUMACZENIE – KOMENTARZ
Authors: Dębiński Antoni
Published: June 2017

[KOMENTARZ] DO USTAWY JULIJSKIEJ O PORYWACZACH. 15 TYTUŁ 48 KSIĘGI DIGESTÓW. TEKST – TŁUMACZENIE – KOMENTARZ
Prawo rzymskie jako symbol prawa ludzkiego. Refleksje wokół książki profesora MARKA KURYŁOWICZA pod tytułem: Symbol prawa ludzkiego. Szkice o prawie rzymskim w utworach Louisa Aragona i Mieczysława Jastruna, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2008
Authors: Banach Tomasz
Published: June 2017

Prawo rzymskie jako symbol prawa ludzkiego. Refleksje wokół książki profesora MARKA KURYŁOWICZA pod tytułem: Symbol prawa ludzkiego. Szkice o prawie rzymskim w utworach Louisa Aragona i Mieczysława Jastruna, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2008
FORMALNOŚĆ ROZWODU W RZYMSKIM PRAWIE KLASYCZNYM: D. 24,2,9 I AUGUSTOWSKIE DIVORTIIS MODUM IMPONERE
Authors: Urbanik Jakub
Published: June 2017

The Formality of Divorce under the Classical Roman Law: D. 24.2.9 and Augustean DIVORTIIS MODUM IMPONERESummaryThe present article critically reexamines the classical sources on divorce. The key text, D. 24,2,9, Paul’s commentary on Julian Law on Adulteries is confronted with the fragments in which the jurisprudence addressed the troublesome issue of establishing the moment of real divorce (D. 24,1,64; 25,2,11 pr.; 23,2,33 & Frag.Vat. 106-107). The traditional scholarship (P. Bonfante, G. Longo, S. Solazzi, E. Volterra, O. Robleda, J. Huber) is evaluated, with a particularly critical approach to the most recent studies of R. Astolfi. In the second part, the sources, prima facie, deposing in favour of the general application the divorce procedure in D. 24,2,9, are taken into consideration (D. 24,1,35; 38,1,11 and D. 48,5,44/43/). A new interpretation is presented in regards to the vexed problem of legitima observatio in D. 24,1,35. Finally, a duplex interpretatio is postulated for the seven-witness procedure found at D. 24,2,9. This hypothesis seems to provide for the better understanding of the text collocation in the general title de divortiis of the Digest.
CONSULTATIO VETERIS CUIUSDAM IURISCONSULTI ROZDZIAŁ IX ZAGADKOWEGO TEKSTU I JEGO PRZEZNACZENIE
Authors: Chmiel Piotr
Published: June 2017

CONSULTATIO VETERIS CUIUSDAM IURISCONSULTI Chapter IX of the Mysterious Text and its PurposeSummaryThe article presents the common opinion about an enigmatic Roman legal text from the Vth century, called Consultatio veteris cuiusdam iurisoconsulti. This short text, published for the first time in 1577 by J. Cujas, is composed of some fragments from the codes Gregorian and Hermogenian, The Tedosian Code and Pauli Sententiae, with comments explaining the legal institutions mentioned in those fragments. According to the researchers, the text was probably composed in the second half of the Vth century, in Gaul or northern Italy. The text can be easily divided into three parts which could have been formulated by different authors or – which seems to be more probable – by the same author, vetus iurisocnsultus, who presented the problems useful for a teacher in a legal school, a bishop during an episcopalis audientia and a law operator. One of the more interesting parts of the Consultatio is chapter IX, composed of only 19 fragments of imperial constitutions without any comments.
PIERWSZY BANK STANÓW ZJEDNOCZONYCH JAKO PIERWOWZÓR SYSTEMU REZERWY FEDERALNEJ
Authors: Kwiatkowski Wojciech
Published: June 2017

First Bank of the United States as a Prototype for the Federal Reserve SystemSummaryThe article describes the history of the First Bank of the United Statesfirst banking- institution, that was charted in XVII-th century North America as an effect of a cooperation of two federal bodies – Congress and the President. Although, the federal government possessed only 20 %, of the shares with federal licences it could conduct its activity on territory of the whole country. Moreover – the Bank is now referred to as the first central bank in the United States because of its national scope and services rendered to the federal government. The Bank helped the government to obtain emergency loans, facilitated the payment of taxes, and served as the receiver and disburser of the public funds. In addition, it issued bank notes and made them fully redeemable in coin. During a 20-years period the Bank achieved a commercial success and maintained a financial stability. However, in 1811 Congress did not renew the charter because the Bank’s constitutionality was questioned.Alexander Hamilton (the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury), who was [the followerof creation of the bank, already in 1790 assumed that the federal government had the power to charter banks because the Constitution granted the government the right to establish institutions necessary for its operations. Addifferent viewpoint was presented by Thomas Jefferson who favored a more decentralized government and believed that only the states could charter banks under the Constitution. Furthermore – because the Constitution did not expressly grant the power to Congress, he reasoned that federally chartered banks were unconstitutional. Finally in 1819, as a far-reaching decision, the Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall followed Hamilton’s reasoning and ruled in case McCulloch vs Maryland that the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional. For U.S. federal government this decision of the Supreme Court was very important about 200 years later – in 1913, when president Wilson, many politicians’ and main U.S. bankers decided to create the Federal Reserve System.
PRAWO PUBLICZNE NA UNIWERSYTECIE STEFANA BATOREGO W WILNIE
Authors: Tarkowski Mikołaj
Published: June 2017

Public Law at The University of Stefan Batory in VilniusSummaryThe Law Faculty and Social Science of University of Stefan Batory was a centre of the science of Vilnius lawyers in the interwar period. Examinations and lectures were run both in the field of the public law, private, as well as of support sciences of the law. The article is devoted to the learning of the public law and his academic teachers. Lectures directed for getting to know such objects as the constitutional, church, criminal, tax and administrative law were run on different ranks of studies (from II till the IV year). Syllabus were made up on the basis of provisions of the law about the academic education.In the period of the interwar period discussions took place about their shape. In them professor Eugeniusz Waśkowski, who proposed the legal specialization in senior years supplemented took the active participation for historical researches concerning the institution from the scope of individual branches of the law.In frames this way constructed among others constitutionalists gave a lecture. Among them professor Wacław Komarnicki participated in scientific trips to West-European cities – particularly to Paris. He also contributed to the development of the learning of the public law with one’s work professors Alfons Parczewski and Bolesław Wilanowski who dealt with the canon law and laid them out together with marital rights. Analysing the contribution of Vilnius lawyers to academic achievements of the Polish learning of the criminal law, it is impossible to forget about examinations conducted by professors Bronisław Wróblewski and Stefan Glaser. B. Wróblewski cooperated closely with a more late professor of the Wrocław University Witold Świda. Next, S. Glaser joined in the discussion about legal-medical aspects of abortion.Among this circle it is needed to mention about professor Mieczysław Gutowski – the editor of the periodical Works of the Seminar from the Finances and the Revenue law and the Statistics. There is also described an academic activity of professor Jerzy Panejko, who was concentrated in examinations on the subject matter of the local government and professional council.The Vilnius legal thought survived throughout the period of the II World War. W. Świda, B. Wilanowski and A. Mycielski were continued lectures in the country. Especially W Komarnicki, W. Sukiennicki, or also S. Glaser began the teaching and scientific work at foreign colleges. They cultivated the Vilnius legal thought given rise to and looked after in the interwar period.
REJESTR DŁUŻNIKÓW NIEWYPŁACALNYCH
Authors: Palmirski Tomasz
Published: June 2017

Register of Insolvent DebtorsSummaryThe register of insolvent debtors is a complete novelty in the Polish legal system. Contrary to its name, not all insolvent entities are to be entered in it, but only those which comply with the prerequisites determined in art. 55 or art. 56 National Court Register. The article herewith, resulting from the author’s experience as a judge is designed to be a wrap-up of hitherto notions expressed in the doctrine and jurisdiction regarding the application of the provisions of the National Court Register Act which reguletes influence the functioning of the Register of Insolvent Debtors.
ACTIO DE DOLO MALO I OCHRONA UMÓW PRAWNIE NIEWIĄŻĄCYCH
Authors: Lambrini Paola
Published: June 2017

Actio de dolo malo and Protection of Unbinding AgreementsSummaryActio de dolo was probably introduced to the praetor’s edict around 90- 80 BC at the request of C. Aquilius, famous jurist. The thesis that it was Aquilius who as praetor in 66 BC introduced it himself seems improbable on account of him being in charge of the quaestio de ambitu. Actio de dolo was a praetorian action in personam with an intentio in factum concepta, penal, infamating and arbitrary. It could be acquired only within a year. A previous causae cognitio of a praetor was necessary, because the action was a subsidiary means used only in absence of any other legal protection. The concept of dolus within this action was perceived very broadly as any improper behaviour causing damage the repair of which was impossible to be obtained by other means. Actio de dolo was probably an institution exceeding the typical contractual system in a furthest manner in order to introduce new possibilities of damage repair.
TESTAMENT MANCYPACYJNY ANTONIUSA SILVANUSA
Authors: Skalec Aneta
Published: June 2017

Testament by Bronze and Balance of Antonius SilvanusSummaryRoman wills, drafted per aes et libram, are mainly known from copies written in Greek on papyri. A will dating back to the 27th March 142 A.D., drafted by Antonius Silvanus, has survived the ravishes of time and thus allows us to understand the idea behind such forms of wills. Indeed, legal texts written by the Roman jurists and dating back to those times do not go into the contents of such wills. Hence, Silvanus’ will is a very important document which gives us an insight into the clauses which were regularly drafted into wills in that epoch. Silvanus’ final will and testament was written on a tabulae ceratae (a wooden tablet covered with a layer of wax). It was then meticulously closed in order to protect it from forgeries.
III STATUT LITEWSKI PO UPADKU RZECZPOSPOLITEJ W ROSYJSKIEJ LITERATURZE NAUKOWEJ XIX I POCZĄTKU XX WIEKU
Authors: Godek Sławomir
Published: June 2017

The 3rd Statute of Lithuania in the Post-Partition Period in the Russian Science Literature in XIX and at the Beginning of the XX CenturySummaryIn the Russian academic literature of the 19th and post-Partition history of the 3rdStatute of Lithuania was looked at in a numer of contexts. Above all, the Statute aroused interest as the primary source of bye-laws (local law) in the Western and Little Russian guberniyas of the Russian Empire. Its crucial importance for the codification undertaken of the law of these guberniyas was noted, and this on a backdrop of widespread and intense activity to reorganise Russian law. Most importantly, it was raised that the Statute formed the base material for the so-called Western Code of laws [Zwód zachodni] drawn up in the 1830s. The Lithuanian codification also aroused interest as one of the sources of the 10th volume of the Code of Laws [Swod Zakonow]. The Statute’s regulations were also brought up in the legal literature in order to show a deeper presentation of the nature of the then (i.e. nineteenth-century) institution of Russian law. In addition, the issue of the circumstances surrounding the gradual repeal of the Statute in specific areas of the Empire in 1831, 1840, 1842 was also tackled.
OSOBY SAMOTNIE WYCHOWUJĄCE DZIECI DO LAT 18 JAKO SZCZEGÓLNA KATEGORIA BEZROBOTNYCH
Authors: Bielak-Jomaa Edyta
Published: June 2017

Persons Bringing up Children under 18 Years Alone as a Group of Special Risk on the Labour MarketSummaryNowadays the unemployment constitutes one of the most considerable social, economic and political problems. It affects diverse social, age and occupational groups. Nevertheless among the unemployed we can distinguish also those who on account of their life situation were granted a special position, which consequence is ranking them among one of risk groups on the labour market.The situation of certain categories of persons on the labour market is particularly adverse (unfavorable). Certainly, due to difficult personal situation, the persons raising a child alone find themselves in a predicament (plight). On that account state assistance in obtaining employment seems to be indispensable.Persons bringing up alone at least one child under 18 years on account of ranking them among the group of special risk on the labour market are addressees (recipients) of particular services of the labour market. A refund of care costs over a child under 7 years is one of those special solutions. For entitlements of the unemployed raising a child alone a fact that these persons along with the child create the family plays a significant role (is of great importance).One should agree that a single-parent family is in a particular situation, because in this case the burden of its maintenance is on one parent. The support, being aimed at facilitating taking up the employment, for persons raising a child causes no reservations, also in the context of the pro-family policy of the state. Certain doubts referring to character of the suport and his size can however appear (arise). The author of the article makes an attempt to refer to some of doubts.
PROBLEM PRACOWNICZEGO PODPORZĄDKOWANIA KADRY KIEROWNICZEJ NAJWYŻSZEGO SZCZEBLA W ORGANIZACJACH GOSPODARCZYCH – ARTYKUŁ DYSKUSYJNY
Authors: Duraj Tomasz
Published: June 2017

The Problem of Employment Subordination of Senior Management in Economic OrganizationsSummaryThe subject of this study is to show the doubts and controversies that appear in the doctrine of labor law and judicial decisions in the interpretation of employment subordination of senior management in economic organizations.Taking into consideration the specificity of functions performed by senior management, the employment relationship of these employees is so much different from the typical standards that in the literature on the subject there has developed a view that there exists, in the case of the discussed category of senior managers, a not typical or even atypical employment relationship. This untypical nature is the reason why some institutions or requirements regulated in the labor law are not applicable to this group of managers, or lose their usefulness or even sense, as inadequate in view of the specific character of the managerial function. In relation to this issue, the most interesting appears the problem of interpretation of the employment subordination of senior management, taking into consideration the fact, that those employees, being on the top of the management hierarchy in a given organization, work in the condition of relative independence, being characterized by the absence of a superior and considerable freedom in the area of organizing own work in terms of time and place.The author of the article is critical of the multitude of the approaches to understanding the employment subordination of senior management. It must be remembered, that subordination is considered the most important (constitutive) feature of employment relationship, differentiating it from other employment relations (especially those of civil law character), and at the same time indicates the scope of use of employment relationship, also with regard to managers. This situation leads to blurring the differences, which are already vague, between labor law and civil law forms of employing managing personnel, creating a state of uncertainty about a lawful choice of one of the mentioned here in basis of employing senior managing personnel.
EFEKTYWNOŚĆ WYKONANIA ORZECZEŃ SĄDOWYCH O OBOWIĄZKU PODJĘCIA LECZENIA ODWYKOWEGO
Authors: Kulma Roman
Published: June 2017

EFEKTYWNOŚĆ WYKONANIA ORZECZEŃ SĄDOWYCH O OBOWIĄZKU PODJĘCIA LECZENIA ODWYKOWEGO
Significant Role of MUC1 in Development of Resistance to Currently Existing Anti-cancer Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Farahmand Leila , Merikhian Parnaz , Jalili Neda , Darvishi Behrad , Majidzadeh-A Keivan
Published: June 2017

As an extensively glycosylated transmembrane protein of epithelium, Mucin1 (MUC1)
mostly protects cells from tensions induced by external milieu. Physiologically, during stress condition,
MUC1 separates into MUC1-N and MUC1-C moieties, resulting in transduction of inward survival
signals, essential for maintaining cell's functionality. Recent studies have proposed a significant
correlation between MUC1 overexpression and amplification of cancer cell’s proliferation and
metastasis through modulation of multiple signaling pathways and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.
It has been shown that MUC1- Cytoplasmic Domain (MUC1-CD) accelerates development of
resistance to several anti-cancer therapeutic agents including bortezomib, trastuzumab and tamoxifen.
Furthermore, MUC1-CD is also involved in promoting expression of multi drug resistance
(MDR) genes and finally, silencing MUC1 expression was together with resensitization of human
epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) and/or estrogen receptor (ER+) positive breast
cancer cells to bortezomib, trastuzumab and tamoxifen respectively. In this review, we briefly describe
the role of MUC1 proto-oncogene in cancer cell’s survival, tumor progression and metastasis
and then continue with mentioning the mechanisms through which MUC1 induce resistance to various
currently existing therapeutic agents in market including bortezomib, trastuzumab and tamoxifen.