bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Media and Technology
Authors: Pokharel Ramesh
Published: November 2016

New media and technology have an overall impact in our lives including the way we write and read a text, and teach writing. By altering our literacy practices, new media and technology always create a new situation, and require the users to use it in a defined way, and “to explain what a tool [technology] is and how to use it seems to demand narrative” (Nye, 2006, p. 5). In this chapter, the author creates a narrative that tells stories how new media and technology have created a new situation to redefine/reexamine/remap/revive the existing notions of the rhetorical situation. The author begins by offering a definition of new media and technology, and the impact of new media and technology in changing the notions of the rhetorical situation. The author then discusses how new media and technology has changed the notions of the rhetorical situation.
Digital Literacy
Authors: Sharma Byanjana
Published: November 2016

In the context of the practice of digital literacy in western classrooms, this book chapter explores the views of six newly arrived English as an additional language (EAL) parents and four Australian primary government school teachers on digital literacy. The EAL parents came to Australia from India, Indonesia, Nepal and the Philippines. The data used here are drawn from a PhD study which explores parents' and teachers' perspectives on the literacy learning of EAL children at a primary school in Victoria. Qualitative data include a questionnaire, focus group interviews, individual interviews, classroom observation and emails. The findings indicate that the teachers are positive towards digital literacy whereas the parents express mixed views. Most of the negative comments from the parents have come from their misunderstanding about how digital literacy is included in the school curriculum.
Using the Hybrid Interactive Rhetorical Engagement (H.I.R.E.) Metrics to Analyze the Effectiveness of E-Learning Websites
Authors: Kang Yowei
Published: November 2016

The rapid development of Web-based learning technologies has become a global phenomenon that affects higher education institutions. Both developing and developed countries are eager to take advantage of the multi-modal and asynchronous technical capacities that Web 2.0 can provide to college students. The “E-learning Phenomenon” has also prompted the development of different types of learning tools, ranging from commercially-developed Blackboard, open-source learning platform Moodle, or less popular platform developed by individual universities around the world. This study applied a theoretical concept, Hybrid Interactive Rhetorical Engagement (H.I.R.E.), and a series of quantitative metrics derived from H.I.R.E., to assess the Digital Learning Website developed at Kainan University, Taiwan. Exploratory empirical findings help college instructors to understand whether H.I.R.E. serves a good system design concept explain and predict users' learning behaviors and can be used to assess a variety of web-learning technologies in the market.
Interference Management in Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Liang Yanxia
Published: November 2016

In evolving fifth generation (5G), some demands that to be addressed are improved data rate, increased capacity, decreased latency and better quality of service. Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is considered as an effective way to meet these prime objectives. Deployment of HetNets faces a number of challenges, among which interference management is of much importance. This chapter has summarized the major challenges and solutions of interference management. Interference cancellation, avoidance and coordination are discussed in detail, including enhanced intercell Interference Coordination (eICIC), Coordinated Multi-point Transmission (CoMP) et al. In addition, the future challenges of interference management have also been presented.
Funding a Gamification Machine
Authors: Bengtson Jason
Published: November 2016

The most intractable problems demand the most creative solutions. This chapter describes the process of funding a presentation machine designed to improve engagement at library events such as health fairs. It details the considerations that went into budgeting, funding and designing the hardware itself as well as the original game that ran on the machine. The chapter includes recommended points of particular attention for the reader, with the aim of assisting other information professionals in successfully pursuing similar projects.
Insourcing and Outsourcing of Library Technology
Authors: Iglesias Edward
Published: November 2016

This article traces the movement of library technology from in-house systems created and maintained by library personnel to outsourced products bought from and largely controlled by vendors. As well as documenting these changes observations will be made concerning strategic advantages and disadvantages of this move. Focus will be limited to six areas of library technology: OPAC, Discovery Layer, MARC Records, Bindery, Acquisitions and ERM (Electronic Resources Management). Some may argue that these are all components of a central ILS that are created and available. This is true in some cases but not others. For example, Innovative Interfaces has always had an Acquisitions module whereas other ILSs have not. Many libraries still use a spreadsheet or other method to keep track of serials where others have migrated to an ERM. Individual use cases will be covered to demonstrate the benefits and shortcomings of each system.
Determinants of Adoption of Location-Based Services in Bangladesh
Authors: Rifat Afrin , Iqbal Mehree , Nisha Nabila
Published: November 2016

Location-based services (LBSs) are technology related services that can provide individual users with the capability of being constantly reachable and accessing network services while on the move. The growing influence of LBS has attracted significant attention in developing countries like Bangladesh, where LBS is a new tool for the marketers. However, it is yet to become popular among the mass people. It is therefore important to understand the users' intention to adopt and use LBS extensively in their daily life. In this regard, original technology acceptance model (TAM) has been used along with several other factors to develop a conceptual model for this study. Results claim that constructs like self-efficacy, perceived social value, perceived convenience value, personalization, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use plays vital role in the adoption of LBS in Bangladesh. Accordingly, implications for practice and research, limitations and future research directions of this study are discussed.
Philosophy and Management
Authors: Muniapan Balakrishnan
Published: November 2016

This chapter explores the Vedanta, an ancient Indian religious philosophy; and its relevance to management. Chinmayananda (2003) asserted that from time to time ancient philosophies like Vedanta needs intelligent re-interpretation to apply effectively in the context of modern times. Vedanta recommends a management approach, which focuses on exploring the inner world of the self. It begins with the manager's awareness and development of the self, as the greatness in any field is never achieved without tremendous self-realization and self-discipline (Avinashilingam, 1975). This chapter is based on a qualitative research methodology called hermeneutics, which involves the interpretation of ancient or classical literature and the content analysis of selected verses from the Vedanta (Vedic literatures) especially the Bhagavad-Gita. This chapter provides a framework to study the Indian management from a religious, philosophical and cultural perspective. This will be relevant to Indian managers and foreign managers managing in Indian context.
What Price for Ecosystem Services in China?
Authors: Zheng Haixia , Navrud Stale , Shen Shiran
Published: November 2016

Payment for Environmental Services (PES) in the watershed has been widely adopted as an important policy instrument to compensate upstream water users for providing water quality improvement for the whole river basin. In this paper, we use three independent valuation methods to determine the price of ecosystem service (ES), particularly water quality, in Miyun Reservoir, the main surface water source for Beijing. We find that the value of water quality is lowest using opportunity cost of limitation of development rights (OCLDR), highest with contingent valuation method (CVM), and water resources benefits assessment (WRBA) gives an in-between value. OCLDR determines the size of subsidies from those that benefit from water quality improvement from upstream. WRBA is a reference for compensation criteria to the upstream government and farmers when water resources are transferred across jurisdictional boundaries. CVM not only captures the direct value of water quality improvement, but also the indirect value of improvement in other ecosystem services as a result of improvement in water quality. Based on the results, we propose a multi-level ecological compensation system for the Miyun Reservoir river basin. We use OCLDR to determine subsides/ compensation to upstream farmers and other suppliers of the ES; WRBA set the price of water transfer; and CVM to figure out the size of payments for integrated water quality improvement.
Impact of Financial Performance on Stock Price of Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFI) in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahaman Mohammad Mizenur , Chowdhury Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous
Published: November 2016

Share price determination is a central question which the academicians and researchers in the field of Capital markets are trying to address through different angles. This study is about to find impact of financial performance on stock prices of a listed Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFI) in stock exchanges of Bangladesh. The main objective of the study is to investigate the impact of financial performance on stock prices of listed NBFI in Bangladesh. The research thus analyzes the impact of total earnings (NIAT), EPS announce, yearly dividend declaration, and NAV of the company on stock prices of NBFI in DSE by using recent tools such as static model and dynamic models such as GMM for the period of 2009 to 2013. This study reveals EPS has a strong positive correlation with stock price and NIAT & DPS came out with weak positive correlation with stock price however NAV and stock price has medium positive correlation.
Impulsion of Information Technology on Human Resource Practices
Authors: Patro ChandraSekhar
Published: November 2016

In recent years, adoption of Information Technology (IT) mechanism has had an intense effect on Human Resources (HR) processes and practices. IT has revolutionized the way in which the organizations execute their day-to-day activities, particularly in the HRM domain, where technology has redefined the way in which HR departments perform their operational, relational and transformational functions. Organizations have realized the emergent value of using IT in leveraging their Human Resource functions and the way they function in the market. Today the organizations are facing more challenges than they ever did due to the rapid and dynamic growth of e-businesses which has lead companies to seek greater opportunities to run HR functions more effectively by implementing technology in the HRM. The chapter provides a conceptual framework on the role of IT in HRM. It examines the impact of technology on HR practices and the factors influencing the effectiveness of human resource dashboards. It also investigates the effect of technology on organizational and work force productivity.
Best Practices for Culturally Sensitive Data Visualizations
Authors: Gendron Michael , Hutwelker Christopher , Kisz Krzysztof
Published: November 2016

Organizations are undergoing significant changes in their business environment. Competing on a global scale means that organizations must better understand cultural issues of their customers, employees, and key stakeholders. As business analytics grows in importance, managers are sharing data visualizations to a variety of different cultures and beliefs. When creating culturally sensitive data visualizations, a set of best practices is required to assist managers to make timely and accurate decisions with the least possible cultural bias. This article aims to develop these best practices by analyzing cultural traits, communication habits, and other differences between the western and eastern global regions.
From General to Specific
Authors: Randolph Adriane B. , Burkhalter Janée N.
Published: November 2016

Neurophysiological methods and recording techniques are increasingly being embraced to enhance business intelligence about consumers' behavior. Researchers have found evidence linking individual characteristics with variations in mental processing and user literacy for neurally-controlling computer interfaces. The work presented here seeks to better understand the relationship between individual characteristics and neural activations as recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) while participants viewed certain types of media online. A study conducted with 21 right-handed individuals demonstrates that the individual characteristics of smoking, hand dexterity, and experience playing certain types of video games correlate with neural activations in the frontal lobe, reflecting arousal and engagement. These correlations indicate the need to control for particular participant characteristics when conducting studies using neurophysiological recording techniques and expand considerations for incorporating such novel, yet insightful tools into the business intelligence practice.
An End-User Metadata Model on Object and Element Levels for Business Intelligence Users
Authors: Verbitskiy Yuriy , Yeoh William
Published: November 2016

The effective use of metadata can offer end users an improved understanding and greater level of assurance during the Business Intelligence (BI) report analysis process. This paper reports key findings from a case study that investigates critical end-user metadata issues in a large Australian organization. The findings led to the development of an end-user metadata model on object (report and cube) and element (term and column) levels, which can support effective BI use and potentially increase user satisfaction at the case organization. The adoption and use of BI applications by business stakeholders may be improved by incorporating the end-user metadata model.
Does Corporate Image Really Matter in Service Recovery Context?
Authors: Mostafa Rania
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of corporate image to the relationship between service recovery strategies and post-recovery satisfaction. Data were collected, using a questionnaire from 182 complaining customers in the mobile service sector. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated the moderating role of corporate image between service recovery strategies and post recovery satisfaction. Findings based on disconfirmation paradigm theory revealed that corporate image moderates the effect of apology, problem solving, and speed response on service recovery satisfaction. However, corporate image was not found to have a moderating effect on the courtesy - recovery satisfaction link. Academic and managerial implications, as well as, future research directions are provided.
The Effect of E-Marketing and Outdoor Media Advertising on Exploratory Consumer Buying Behavior
Authors: Waheed Abdul , Yang Jianhua
Published: November 2016

Selection of an advertising medium is exceptionally important for an organization. Outdoor media advertising is known as the traditional type of advertising while e-marketing is challenging and growing trend in order to capture the intention of consumer. The core objective of this paper is to examine the effect of “e-marketing” and “outdoor advertising” on exploratory consumer buying behavior within the electronic industry. Data were collected from the questionnaire distribution among 1500 students in Pakistan from March 2015 to January 2016, where 1310 questionnaires were found valid for further analysis, shows 87.3% accuracy in response rate. Analysis methodologies are based on descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling (SEM) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Results revealed a positive relationship of both advertising tools, but e-marketing established a greater effect than outdoor media advertising. However, our study proposes certain managerial implications and future research.
Improving Customer Relations with Social Listening
Authors: Stewart Margaret C. , Atilano Maria , Arnold Christa L.
Published: November 2016

Strategic social media plays a crucial role in contemporary customer relationship management (CRM); however, the best practices for social CRM are still being discovered and established. The ever-changing nature of social media challenges the ability to establish benchmarks; nonetheless, this article captures and shares actions, insights, and experiences of using social media for CRM. This case study examines how an academic library at a mid-size American university located in northeast Florida uses social media to engage in social listening and to enhance CRM. In particular, the social listening practices of this library are highlighted in relation to how they influence and potentially improve CRM. By exploring the practices of this single institution, attempts are made to better understand how academic libraries engage with customers using social media as a CRM tool and ideas for future research in the realm of social media and CRM practices are discussed.
An Ontology based on the Methodology Proposed by Ushold and King
Authors: Jain Neha , Sen Sharma Lalit
Published: November 2016

A number of methodologies are available in literature for ontology development but as the Ontology engineering field is relatively new, it is still unclear how the existing ontology building methodologies can be applied to develop semantic ontology models. In this work, firstly an overview of various ontology building methodologies and their limitations as compared to some standard software development methodologies are presented. Then the methodology proposed by Ushold and King is selected to build an ontology in e-banking domain. The challenge in this domain is to recognize, communicate and steadily improvise the banking solutions. The ontologies are prospective candidates to assist overcome these challenges and enhance interoperability of banking data and services. The study aims to provide direction for the application of existing ontology building methodologies in the Semantic Web Development processes of e-banking domain specific models which would enable their reusability and repeatability in other projects and strengthen the adoption of semantic technologies in the domain.
Scaling Sustainability Value in Sustainability Purpose Organizations
Authors: Lyakhov Alex , Gliedt Travis , Jackson Nathan
Published: November 2016

While sustainability purpose organizations attempt to create environmental, social and economic value for society as a core operating objective, two questions remain; one, how do these organizations increase their sustainability impacts, and two, does this method differ by organization type? The purpose of this research is to examine the process of organizational expansion and the extent to which there is a ceiling with respect to the scale and scope of influence that an environmental organization can have on transitioning society towards a greener future. This study compares the process of value creation in four different sustainability purpose organizations in Oklahoma: two non-profit environmental service organizations and two for-profit green energy businesses. Semi-structured interviews conducted with the leaders of these organizations identified differences between non-profit and for-profit sustainability purpose organizations.
Integrating Sustainability and Manufacturing Strategy into a Unifying Framework
Authors: Ocampo Lanndon , Clark Eppie
Published: November 2016

The direction of current literature in addressing sustainability issues in the manufacturing sector highlights some models and approaches that are usually based on the concept of the triple-bottom line. However, as a functional unit in a manufacturing organization, the role of the manufacturing function in creating competitiveness has been outdone by the current demands of sustainability such that integrating sustainability and competitiveness remains a significant gap. This paper proposes a unifying framework in formulating a manufacturing strategy which espouses sustainability with due consideration of the manufacturing's internal and external competitive functions. The proposed framework integrates the features based on the classical theories of manufacturing strategy and the other features that must be considered to transform a firm's manufacturing strategy into a sustainable manufacturing strategy. This framework serves as a guide for decision-makers in identifying policies in various manufacturing decision areas that would comprise a sustainable manufacturing strategy. Results of recent empirical studies that are based on the models generated from the framework are reported in this paper.
Impact of Information Technologies, Corporate Entrepreneurship and Innovation on the Organizational Performance
Authors: Pinho Cláudia Sofia B. , Ferreira João J.
Published: November 2016

Information Technology (IT) capabilities play a fundamental role on process innovation and organizational performance. Likewise, corporate entrepreneurship (CE) plays a vital role in the improvement of performance, as the employees' profile is determinant for the success of these organizations. Previous literature relating to IT and CE reveals how little attention has been paid to relationship between these constructs, and what exists is only partial. This research conceptualizes the relationship between IT capabilities, CE, and innovation on the organizational performance. It is intended as a contribution to the ongoing conceptual development of this area and provides initial guidance for future empirical evidence. Thus, the authors advance a synthesized conceptual model in order to evaluate the influence of IT capabilities (IT flexibility, IT integration and IT alignment) to the CE process, through innovation on the organizational performance. The authors create an initial construction of the scenery grounded in past literature, which is refined and reinforced into a conceptual model advancing in theoretical development in the field. Some future research and implications are discussed.
Persuasive Communication from a Military Force to Local Civilians
Authors: Bergier Jean-Yves , Faucher Colette
Published: November 2016

Here is presented a model of message processing using one of the leading paradigms in social psychology of persuasion as main theoretical framework: the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM). Adapting this dual process theory to military context and actions and more specifically psychological operations in asymmetric conflicts allows developing a model taking into account many message characteristics as well as specific factors such as local culture of the audience. It focuses on measuring capacity and motivation of the agents to determine the effect of message sending on attitudes through a detailed cognitive treatment.
Wrong Gallery
Authors: Shih Tsui-Yii , Liu Zhi-An
Published: November 2016

This case gives a depiction of how the founder of Wrong Gallery, Ron, when facing the competition and operational mode of the traditional art gallery industry in Taiwan, capitalizes on the latest trend of emergent social media, and leads his team to break through the shackles or consumers' stereotypical impression. Ron has set up a brand-new age of art space with the brand thinking and innovative approaches, becoming a practical case in regard of the new-pattern art space. In an era where the total value of output from cultural and creative industries worldwide is rapidly increasing, this case's rich materials give readers a better understanding of the operation of an art gallery amongst the cultural and creative industries. This case allows readers to understand how an innovative enterprise's founder starts by analyzing industry situations, incorporates his/her personal strengths, and further determines the strategy application and implementation for the company's market position and business operation model.
Depletion of Neural Crest–Derived Cells Leads to Reduction in Plasma Noradrenaline and Alters B Lymphopoiesis
Authors: Tsunokuma Naoki , Yamane Toshiyuki , Matsumoto Chiaki , Tsuneto Motokazu , Isono Kana , Imanaka-Yoshida Kyoko , Yamazaki Hidetoshi
Published: November 2016

Hematopoietic stem cells and their lymphoid progenitors are supported by the bone marrow (BM) microenvironmental niches composed of various stromal cells and Schwann cells and sympathetic nerve fibers. Although neural crest (NC) cells contribute to the development of all the three, their function in BM is not well understood. In this study, NC-derived cells were ablated with diphtheria toxin in double-transgenic mice expressing NC-specific Cre and Cre-driven diphtheria toxin receptor with yellow fluorescent protein reporter. We found that yellow fluorescent protein–expressing, NC-derived nonhematopoietic cells in BM expressed hematopoietic factors Cxcl12 and stem cell factor. The ablation of NC-derived cells led to a significant decrease in B cell progenitors but not in hematopoietic stem cells or myeloid lineage cells in BM. Interestingly, plasma noradrenaline was markedly decreased in these mice. The i.p. administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, a known neurotoxin for noradrenergic neurons, led to a similar phenotype, whereas the administration of a noradrenaline precursor in NC-ablated mice partially rescued this phenotype. Additionally, the continuous administration of adrenergic receptor β antagonists partially decreased the number of B cell progenitors while preserving B lymphopoiesis in vitro. Taken together, our results indicate that NC-derived cell depletion leads to abnormal B lymphopoiesis partially through decreased plasma noradrenaline, suggesting this as a novel mechanism regulated by molecules released by the sympathetic neurons.
A Proinflammatory Role of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Murine Immune-Mediated Hepatitis
Authors: Neumann Katrin , Karimi Khalil , Meiners Jana , Voetlause Ruth , Steinmann Silja , Dammermann Werner , Lüth Stefan , Asghari Farahnaz , Wegscheid Claudia , Horst Andrea K. , Tiegs Gisa
Published: November 2016

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) mediate inflammatory immune responses in the context of diseases triggered by the alarmin IL-33. In recent years, IL-33 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated liver diseases. However, the immunoregulatory function of ILC2s in the inflamed liver remains elusive. Using the murine model of Con A–induced immune-mediated hepatitis, we showed that selective expansion of ILC2s in the liver was associated with highly elevated hepatic IL-33 expression, severe liver inflammation, and infiltration of eosinophils. CD4+ T cell-mediated tissue damage and subsequent IL-33 release were responsible for the activation of hepatic ILC2s that produced the type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 during liver inflammation. Interestingly, ILC2 depletion correlated with less severe hepatitis and reduced accumulation of eosinophils in the liver, whereas adoptive transfer of hepatic ILC2s aggravated liver inflammation and tissue damage. We further showed that, despite expansion of hepatic ILC2s, 3-d IL-33 treatment before Con A challenge potently suppressed development of immune-mediated hepatitis. We found that IL-33 not only activated hepatic ILC2s but also expanded CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) expressing the IL-33 receptor ST2 in the liver. This Treg subset also accumulated in the liver during resolution of immune-mediated hepatitis. In summary, hepatic ILC2s are poised to respond to the release of IL-33 upon liver tissue damage through expression of type 2 cytokines thereby participating in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated hepatitis. Inflammatory activity of ILC2s might be regulated by IL-33–elicited ST2+ Tregs that also arise in immune-mediated hepatitis.
Autocrine Type I IFN Signaling in Dendritic Cells Stimulated with Fungal β-Glucans or Lipopolysaccharide Promotes CD8 T Cell Activation
Authors: Hassanzadeh-Kiabi Nargess , Yáñez Alberto , Dang Ivy , Martins Gislâine A. , Underhill David M. , Goodridge Helen S.
Published: November 2016

Type I IFNs are key mediators of immune defense against viruses and bacteria. Type I IFNs were also previously implicated in protection against fungal infection, but their roles in antifungal immunity have not been thoroughly investigated. A recent study demonstrated that bacterial and fungal β-glucans stimulate IFN-β production by dendritic cells (DCs) following detection by the Dectin-1 receptor, but the effects of β-glucan–induced type I IFNs have not been defined. We investigated whether type I IFNs regulate CD8 T cell activation by fungal β-glucan particle–stimulated DCs. We demonstrate that β-glucan–stimulated DCs induce CD8 T cell proliferation, activation marker (CD44 and CD69) expression, and production of IFN-γ, IL-2, and granzyme B. Moreover, we show that type I IFNs support robust CD8 T cell activation (proliferation and IFN-γ and granzyme B production) by β-glucan–stimulated DCs in vitro and in vivo due to autocrine effects on the DCs. Specifically, type I IFNs promote Ag presentation on MHC I molecules, CD86 and CD40 expression, and the production of IL-12 p70, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α by β-glucan–stimulated DCs. We also demonstrate a role for autocrine type I IFN signaling in bacterial LPS-induced DC maturation, although, in the context of LPS stimulation, this mechanism is not so critical for CD8 T cell activation (promotes IFN-γ production but not proliferation or granzyme B production). This study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying CD8 T cell activation during infection, which may be useful in the rational design of vaccines directed against pathogens and tumors.
Distribution and Activation of CD8+ T Cells in the Duodenal Mucosa before and after HIV Seroconversion
Authors: Allers Kristina , Puyskens Andreas , Epple Hans-Jörg , Schürmann Dirk , Hofmann Jörg , Moos Verena , Schneider Thomas
Published: November 2016

CD8+ T cells in the intestinal mucosa influence the HIV-associated pathogenesis, but little is known about the dynamics of mucosal CD8+ T cell counts and activation of these cells during the course of infection. In this study, mucosal CD8+ T cells in the duodenum were studied at different stages of HIV infection, starting from the seronegative phase. In seronegative acute HIV infection, CD8+ T cell counts increased in the epithelium, but not in the lamina propria. Infiltration of the lamina propria by peripherally expanded CD8+ T cells was observed after seroconversion. Highest increase in the expression of perforin, the rate-limiting molecule for cytotoxic CD8+ T cell activity, was evident in the lamina propria of seronegative acutely HIV-infected patients. The number of perforin-expressing cells in the lamina propria of acutely HIV-infected patients was positively associated with biomarkers of enterocyte damage and microbial translocation. After seroconversion, perforin expression was downregulated in the lamina propria, but not in the epithelium. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that intraepithelial and lamina propria CD8+ T cells exhibit different dynamics of numerical alteration and cytotoxic activity in HIV-infected patients. Moreover, our results suggest that perforin-dependent cytotoxic mechanisms by CD8+ T cells could impair the intestinal mucosal barrier already in the seronegative phase of acute HIV infection, thereby inducing microbial translocation as one of the earliest pathological events in HIV infection.
Advances in post-fermented wine clarification by centrifugal technology
Authors: Costagli Giacomo , Rapilly Carole , Franzoso Marco , Sjoberg Mikael , Bonetti Luca , Ciman Gian Maria , Lonardi Francesco
Published: November 2016

Wine clarification processes are deeply determined by complex interaction of wine constituents and application of available technologies as well as use of fining agents. Among others, centrifuge is a consolidated technique applied for many separation duties in the winery. Important advances on improvement of the performance of centrifugal technology have beeen focused on gentle wine treatment, minimal dissolved oxygen and significant reduction of energy consumption helping to dispel old beliefs on a technique considered to be traditional. This paper reviews the development of technology and recent advances on centrifuge improvement and aims to show, through field experimental observation, the importance of removing a portion of particles responsible of haze in the light of very low level of dissolved oxygen and complementarity of alternative recent techniques of wine filtration like cross-flow microfiltration.
Country profile on family medicine and primary health care in Ghana
Authors: Lawson Henry J.O. , Essuman Akye
Published: November 2016

No abstract available.
Splenic artery embolisation in the non-operative management of blunt splenic trauma in adults
Authors: Cormack Richard J. , Ferris Mollie C.M. , Wong Jason K. , Przybojewski Stefan
Published: November 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the splenic salvage rate with angioembolisation in the non-operative management (NOM) of blunt splenic injury.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients presenting to our Level I trauma centre with computed tomography (CT)-confirmed splenic injury following blunt trauma and in whom angioembolisation was utilised in the algorithm of NOM. Data review included CT and angiography findings, embolisation technique and patient outcomes.Results: Between January 2005 and April 2010, 60 patients with splenic injury following blunt trauma underwent NOM, which included splenic artery embolisation (SAE). All patients included in the study required a preadmission. CT scan was used to document the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade of splenic injury. The average injury grade was 3.0. The non-operative splenic salvage rate following SAE was 96.7% with statistically similar salvage rates achieved for grades II to IV injuries. The quantity of haemoperitoneum and the presence of a splenic vascular injury did not significantly affect the splenic salvage rate. The overall complication rate was 27%, of which 15% were minor and 13% were major.Conclusion: SAE is a safe and effective treatment strategy in the NOM of blunt splenic injury. The quantity of haemoperitoneum, the presence of vascular injury and embolisation technique did not significantly affect the splenic salvage rate.
The prevalence of abnormal findings in screening CT brains performed on patients admitted with psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Bennimahadeo Praniel , Maharajh Jaynund
Published: November 2016

Background: No clear guidelines exist regarding the role of computerised tomography (CT) as a screening neuroimaging tool in psychiatric practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of historical and clinical parameters on the CT request form, identify the spectrum of CT findings and correlate these to develop guidelines for the use of screening CT brains in patients who present with psychiatric symptoms.Methods: Requests and reports for the brain CT’s of 507 consecutive patients over a 2-year period, between 2013 and 2014, referred from a psychiatric institute for screening CT brain scans, were reviewed. Analysis was performed for the history of trauma and seizures, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, focal neurological signs, papilloedema, electroencephalograph, relevant blood results and abnormal CT findings. All reports were approved by a consultant radiologist.Results: No abnormality was noted in 69% of CT scans. Cerebral atrophy, infarcts, cysts and calcific foci were present in 30% of patients. One patient presenting with focal neurology had a CT demonstrating an extradural haematoma which required neurosurgical intervention. No focal brain lesions, potentially responsible for the psychosis, were identified in any other patient.Conclusion: Routine CT screening of patients who present with psychotic symptoms, in the absence of focal neurological deficit, does not add value to patient outcome, but rather contributes to the escalating health care expenses and unnecessary radiation dose. CT screening of psychiatric patients should be reserved for patients with reliable predictors of intracranial abnormalities such as lateralising signs, seizures, persistent or worsening headaches; decrease in GCS, papilloedema and in patients where the onset of symptoms occurred at an age above 50.
Transformation and self-identity: Student narratives in post-apartheid South Africa
Authors: Kamsteeg Frans
Published: November 2016

Organisational change processes are by nature complex and often highly contested. This is particularly true of the transformation South African institutions of higher education have been going through since the end of the apartheid era. Using a narrative approach, this article presents a multi-faceted range of stories by the University of the Free State (UFS) students who took part in a particular leadership programme designed to make a contribution to institutional, and even, societal change. The plurivocality of the identity work the UFS students’ stories display is based on their ethnic, gender and class diversity. It is the context-sensitive ‘tales of the field’ they tell that might help to understand why the transformation concept as well the various transformation-driven practices in higher education are so ambiguous and contested.
Shell dissolution observed in Limacina helicina antarctica from the
Ross Sea, Antarctica: paired shell characteristics and in situ seawater
chemistry
Authors: Johnson Kevin M. , Hoshijima Umihiko , Sugano Cailan S. , Nguyen Alice T. , Hofmann Gretchen E.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The euthecosome (shelled) Antarctic pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica, is a dominant member of the Southern Ocean macrozooplankton community, and due to its aragonitic shell, is thought to be particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification and under-saturation conditions that are predicted in the future. Notably, pteropods in surface waters and near the continental shelf in the Ross Sea are highly vulnerable as these regions are predicted to be seasonally under-saturated within 2–3 decades. Carbonate chemistry data are rare for this region and here we present the results of a 6-week field study and report patterns of dissolution of juvenile pteropods along with carbonate chemistry of seawater at the time of collection. Conducted in McMurdo Sound in the south Ross Sea in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, L. h. antarctica was successfully collected in plankton tows through the fast sea ice at a single station at 50 m. During the 6-week field study, ocean pH was relatively stable, ranging from 7.988 in October to 8.029 by early December. Calculated saturation states for aragonite (Ωarag) over the 6-week study period ranged from 1.16 to 1.24. Pteropods collected at each sampling time point were prepared for SEM and analysis revealed that roughly 63 % of the shells displayed some degree of shell irregularities suggesting that active dissolution of the aragonitic shell was ongoing under in situ conditions. These results add to the accumulating evidence that shelled pteropods of the Southern Ocean are experiencing aragonite under-saturation events in the present-day that lead to a majority of individuals displaying shell dissolution. Predicted changes to the carbonate system in the Southern Ocean from ocean acidification will likely expand the intensity and duration of these under-saturation events, increasing the need to better understand how pteropods will fare in response to ocean acidification.
Making it Matter: Reframing the U.S. Survey
Authors: Kohn Jesse
Published: November 2016

In thinking about how we can teach Black Lives Matter in a U.S. survey, this essay suggests beginning the course with two readings: Ta-Nehisi Coates' "The Case for Reparations" and Amiri Baraka's Dutchman.  These texts can be used to place Black Lives Matters in historical context, question normative narratives of American history, and encourage student activism in their schools and communities.
Examining Race & Racism in the University: A Class Project
Authors: Vess Lora E
Published: November 2016

The rise of black consciousness through “Black Lives Matter” protests and recent events regarding police shootings of unarmed people of color have triggered a national dialogue on race, privilege, and discrimination. I structured my 400-level Race and Ethnicity course to build on the momentum of these conversations by incorporating a student-led race-centric research project whereby students learn and apply in-depth interview skills. Through this qualitative group project, students interviewed 31 members of the university community to investigate colorblindness, racial identity, privilege, racialized experiences, and institutional racism on their campus. In this article, I describe the project, and consider its strengths and limitations as a means of student learning about race, privilege, and discrimination in the U.S. today. I include student quotations gathered through final reflection papers to give voice to their experiences as well as a self-reflection of my experiences as part of this project, particularly as a white woman.
Rancière's Lessons in Failure
Authors: Luxon Nancy
Published: November 2016

With this review article, I evaluate Samuel Chambers's The Lessons of Rancière. Central to Rancière's corpus—and to Chambers's evaluation of this work—is the claim that frictive pedagogies can lead to a more radical emancipation by preparing for movements disruptive to politics. In analyzing the connections between pedagogy, emancipation, and movement, I question whether these concepts have been adequately conceived so as to contribute to collective political movements. I conclude by considering how these concepts might be revised and extended so as to sharpen their political effects.
Shaw's Pygmalion: The Play's the Thing
Authors: Reynolds Jean
Published: November 2016

Shaw, the larger-than-life playwright who called himself “a bit of an actor,” was often preoccupied with role-playing. In “Acting, by One Who Does Not Believe in It,” a paper delivered at a Fabian meeting in 1889, Shaw asserted that acting—often denounced as shamming—can actually be an avenue to “metaphysical self-realization.” Employing a metadramatic approach to Pygmalion, the following article finds connections between Shaw's career as a dramatist and the mixed outcomes of Henry and Eliza's journeys into “metaphysical self-realization.”
Foundations of Human Rights: Metaphysics, Essentialism, and Intuitionism
Authors: Gottlieb Jeff
Published: November 2016

This article addresses the philosophical foundations of human rights without recourse to religion or metaphysics. It begins with the requirements of a non-religious theory of human rights and then discusses Martha Nussbaum's capabilities approach. Because her account relies on intuition to play a major role, this article compares two intuitionists, Johannes Morsink and David Little, whose works address the moral intuitionism of those who drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) as well as the foundations of human rights more generally. It argues that Little's rational intuitionism represents the best possible intuitionist defense of human rights, yet there are important questions of moral growth and attention to context it must answer going forward.
Secular Courts and Sacred Ties: A Critical Analysis of the U.S. Supreme Court's Ruling on Same-Sex Marriage
Authors: Ruprecht Louis A.
Published: November 2016

The recent Supreme Court ruling regarding same-sex marriage presents a number of problems for a nominally secular and pluralistic society that aspires to be democratic. As to the nation's nominally secular commitments, this decision is striking for the prominence given to veiled (and not-so-veiled) religious language. As to the nation's pluralism, the decision presupposes a rather narrowly Christian (and indeed Roman Catholic) view of marriage. As to the nation's democratic commitments, the decision participates in the emerging trend whereby Court decisions are read simply for their results, not for their reasoning. This creates the perception that Supreme Court decisions create winners and losers in an arbitrary and undemocratic fashion. To counter this trend, this article provides a close reading of the decision, and the four dissents, to pursue broader questions about the place of this debate in current North American society.
Filosofia da educação e pesquisa educacional: movimentos em direção ao diálogo
Authors: Boufleuer José Pedro , Fensterseifer Paulo Evaldo
Published: November 2016

Partindo da noção de “interlocução de saberes” como modo desejável de articulação dos diferentes campos disciplinares que pretendem oferecer contribuições para o campo da pesquisa educacional, o presente artigo busca situar os âmbitos da filosofia e da educação na perspectiva de qualificá-los como polos dialogantes e em movimento de aproximação. Nesse sentido, reflete sobre o que se põe do lado da educação e do lado da filosofia como campos específicos do saber, cada qual com suas tarefas e seus desafios, e na perspectiva de um diálogo fecundo. Na sequência, o artigo aponta para alguns movimentos de aproximação entre a filosofia da educação e a pesquisa educacional, considerando dimensões como a historicidade de todo o conhecimento, a constituição de competências específicas em cada campo de saber, a disposição para a crítica, movimentos que se orientam por uma noção de racionalidade que se amplia por meio dos espaços de entendimento intersubjetivo e que se põem na perspectiva de um modo de filosofar já não mais metafísico.
Educação, pesquisa e consciência epistemológica: uma breve reflexão em torno ao pensamento de Popper e Boaventura Santos
Authors: Mazai Norberto
Published: November 2016

Este artigo busca apresentar, ainda que de modo sucinto, a relação entre a educação, a pesquisa e a consciência epistemológica, tendo como aporte as ideias de Karl Popper e de Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Augura-se evidenciar caminhos na perspectiva de provocar uma reflexão para novas práticas educativas a partir de contribuições no campo epistemológico e educacional. Discute-se a construção e a importância da pesquisa na educação como projeto educativo emancipatório, focalizando a busca por uma emancipação do indivíduo por meio da pesquisa e da educação.