bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Von der Wurzel ins Labor: Meerrettichperoxidase produziert in E. coli
Authors: Ebner Julian , Humer Diana , Spadiut Oliver
Published: November 2021

The enzyme Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is omnipresent in modern biotechnology. Although promising for therapeutic purposes, no suitable production process for this enzyme has been available until now. Medical applications require the enzyme to be highly pure, homogenous and well-defined. We have developed an efficient production process for recombinant HRP from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. With this strategy we are able to provide active, highly pure and non-glycosylated enzyme at competitive yields.
Räuberische Pilze mit Anwendungspotenzial
Authors: Wernet Valentin , Wernet Nicole , Fischer Reinhard
Published: November 2021

Nematode-trapping fungi, such as Duddingtonia flagrans, are fascinating carnivorous microorganisms. In a nutrient-rich environment they live as saprotrophs, but if nutrients are scarce and in the presence of nematodes, they can switch to a predatory lifestyle. The switch is characterized by the formation of complex, adhesive trap structures. The interaction requires a sophisticated interspecies communication with pheromones, secondary metabolites, and virulence factors.
Der Ausbau der deutschen Stromnetze: Kohärente Parteienideologie oder Sollbruchstelle entlang lokaler Interessen?
Authors: Fink Simon , Teichgräber Hendrik , Wehling Mareike
Published: November 2021

Der Ausbau der Stromtrassen ist ein zentrales Element der deutschen Energiewende. Die Forschung weiß aber noch wenig darüber, inwieweit dieses Politikfeld durch Parteiendifferenz strukturiert wird. Insbesondere über die lokale Ebene gibt es noch wenig Forschung. Der Beitrag formuliert zwei Hypothesen. Der ersten Hypothese zufolge sind lokale Parteipositionen zum Stromnetzausbau die selben Positionen wie die Positionen der Landesverbände. Die zweite Hypothese vermutet, dass durch unterschiedliche Betroffenheit lokale parteipolitische Akteure von den Positionen ihrer Landesverbände abweichen. Ein Vergleich von zwölf niedersächsischen Landkreisen unterstützt Hypothese 2. Parteipolitische Akteure in Landkreisen, die vom Stromexport profitieren, betonen systematisch die positiven Aspekte des Stromnetzausbaus und verschweigen kritische Aspekte. Bei Akteuren in reinen Transit-Landkreisen ist es umgekehrt. Der Beitrag zeigt daher, dass Parteiendifferenz in der Umweltpolitik in hohem Maße kontextabhängig ist. Auf lokaler Ebene – die für die Umsetzung von Umweltpolitik bedeutsam ist – können Parteipräferenzen systematisch von den Präferenzen höherer Ebenen abweichen.
Consensus statement on the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of cow's milk protein allergy in the Middle East: a modified Delphi-based study
Authors: El-Hodhod Moustafa A. , El-Shabrawi Mortada H. F. , AlBadi Ahmed , Hussein Ahmed , Almehaidib Ali , Nasrallah Basil , AlBassam Ebtsam Mohammed , El Feghali Hala , Isa Hasan M. , Al Saraf Khaled , Sokhn Maroun , Adeli Mehdi , Al-Sawi Najwa Mohammed Mousa , Hage Pierre , Al-Hammadi Suleiman
Published: November 2021

Background

This study aimed to develop an expert consensus regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) in the Middle East.

Methods

A three-step modified Delphi method was utilized to develop the consensus. Fifteen specialized pediatricians participated in the development of this consensus. Each statement was considered a consensus if it achieved an agreement level of ≥ 80%.

Results

The experts agreed that the double-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge test (OCT) should be performed for 2–4 weeks using an amino acid formula (AAF) in formula-fed infants or children with suspected CMPA. Formula-fed infants with confirmed CMPA should be offered a therapeutic formula. The panel stated that an extensively hydrolyzed formula (eHF) is indicated in the absence of red flag signs. At the same time, the AAF is offered for infants with red flag signs, such as severe anaphylactic reactions. The panel agreed that infants on an eHF with resolved symptoms within 2–4 weeks should continue the eHF with particular attention to the growth and nutritional status. On the other hand, an AAF should be considered for infants with persistent symptoms; the AAF should be continued if the symptoms resolve within 2–4 weeks, with particular attention to the growth and nutritional status. In cases with no symptomatic improvements after the introduction of an AAF, other measures should be followed. The panel developed a management algorithm, which achieved an agreement level of 90.9%.

Conclusion

This consensus document combined the best available evidence and clinical experience to optimize the management of CMPA in the Middle East.
Coal pit lakes in abandoned mining areas in León (NW Spain): characteristics and geoecological significance
Authors: Redondo-Vega J. M. , Melón-Nava A. , Peña-Pérez S. A. , Santos-González J. , Gómez-Villar A. , González-Gutiérrez R. B.
Published: November 2021

Mining activity introduces severe changes in landscapes and, subsequently, in land uses. One of the most singular changes is the existence of pit lakes, which occur in active and, more frequently, abandoned mines. Pit lakes are produced by water table interception when open-pit mines deepen. Their characteristics are highly variable, depending on the type of mine, the environment or the climate. In León province there is a long tradition of coal mining that dates back to the nineteenth century, and hundreds of open pits from the 1970s to 2018 have been opened, producing permanent landscape changes. This work analyses the main parameters, including morphological measurements, depth and pH values obtained from aerial photos and field work, of 76 coal pit lakes more than 30 m in length. The vast majority of these pit lakes were unknown until now and were not included in inventories or maps. The data obtained provide baseline knowledge that will allow, in the future, potential uses (storage of water for various uses, recreational use, wildlife habitat, and geological heritage sites) for these pit lakes and establish their importance as a new geoecological environment.
Evaluation of surface water quality using water quality indices (WQIs) in Lake Sukhna, Chandigarh, India
Authors: Maansi  , Jindal Rajinder , Wats Meenu
Published: November 2021

To assess the surface water quality of Sukhna Lake, 13 physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, transparency, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, chloride, total Aalkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrate and phosphate were investigated on monthly basis for a period of two year (July 2016–June 2018) by using standard procedures. The results were compared with the values or ranges mentioned by standard organizations (WHO and BIS) for assessing the water quality and these revealed that the lake water was turbid and under DO distress. Various water quality indices like water quality index (WQI), Canadian Council Ministry of Environment (CCME)-WQI and comprehensive pollution index (CPI) were used to assess the water quality status in the Sukhna Lake. The range of WQI (59.74–83.49) indicated that the water quality status of the lake belonged to good category while those of CCME-WQI (52.4–81.61) revealed that water quality fallen from marginal to good category and those of CPI (0.4–0.7) indicated fair state of water in the lake. Overall the water quality in Sukhna Lake has been found deteriorated during second year in comparison the first year during the study time.
A 3D geological model of a structurally complex relationships of sedimentary Facies and Petrophysical Parameters for the late Miocene Mount Messenger Formation in the Kaimiro-Ngatoro field, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Thota Surya Tejasvi , Islam Md Aminul , Shalaby Mohamed Ragab
Published: November 2021

The present study investigates the reservoir characteristics of the Mount Messenger Formation of Kaimiro-Ngatoro Field which was deposited in deep-water environment. A 3D seismic dataset, core data and well data from the Kaimiro-Ngatoro Field were utilized to identify lithofacies, sedimentary structures, stratigraphic units, depositional environments and to construct 3D geological models. Five different lithologies of sandstone, sandy siltstone, siltstone, claystone and mudstone are identified from core photographs, and also Bouma sequence divisions are also observed. Based on log character Mount Messenger Formation is divided into two stratigraphic units slope fans and basin floor fans; core analysis suggests that basin floor fans show better reservoir qualities compared to slope fan deposits. Seismic interpretation indicates 2 horizons and 11 faults, majority of faults have throw less than 10 m, and most of the faults have high angle dips of 70–80°. The Kaimiro and Ngatoro Fields are separated by a major Inglewood fault. Variance attribute helped to interpret faults, and other seismic attributes such as root-mean-square amplitude, envelope and generalized spectral decomposition also helped to detect hydrocarbons. The lithofacies model was constructed by using sequential simulation indicator algorithm, and the petrophysical models were constructed using sequential Gaussian simulation algorithm. The petrophysical parameters determined from the models comprised of  up to ≥ 25% porosity, permeability up to around 600mD, hydrocarbon saturation up to 60%, net to gross varies from 0 to 100%, majority of shale volumes are around 15–20%, the study interval mostly consists of macropores with some megapores and 4 hydraulic flow units. This study best characterizes the deep-water turbidite reservoir in New Zealand.
Optimization of triple-alternating-gas (TAG) injection technique for enhanced oil recovery in tight oil reservoirs
Authors: Edouard Mvomo Ndzinga , Dong Pingchuan , Okere Chinedu J. , Nkok Luc Y. , Adoum Abakar Y. , muchiri Nguu D. , Xiaodong Gao , Jacques Fame N. , Prosper Samba K.
Published: November 2021

After single-gas (SG) injection operations in tight oil reservoirs, a significant amount of oil is still unrecovered. To increase productivity, several sequencing gas injection techniques have been utilized. Given the scarcity of research on multiple-gas alternating injection schemes, this study propose an optimized triple-alternating-gas (TAG) injection for improved oil recovery. The performance of the TAG process was demonstrated through numerical simulations and comparative analysis. First, a reservoir compositional model is developed to establish the properties and composition of the tight oil reservoir; then, a suitable combination for the SG, double alternating gas (DAG), and TAG was selected via a comparative simulation process. Second, the TAG process was optimized and the best case parameters were derived. Finally, based on the oil recovery factors and sweep efficiencies, a comparative simulation for SG, DAG, and TAG was performed and the mechanisms explained. The following findings were made: (1) The DAG and TAG provided a higher recovery factor than the SG injection and based on recovery factor and economic advantages, CO2 + CH4 + H2S was the best choice for the TAG process. (2) The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the critical optimization factors for a TAG injection scheme are the injection and the production pressures. (3) After optimization, the recovery factor and sweep efficiency of the TAG injection scheme were the best. This study promotes the understanding of multiple-gas injection enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and serves as a guide to field design of gas EOR techniques.
A Smaller Pie with a Different Taste: The Evolution of the Western-European Religious Landscape (European Values Study, 1981–2017)
Authors: Tromp Paul , Pless Anna , Houtman Dick
Published: November 2021

Background

The thesis of religious decline, central to secularization theory, has become massively contested among social-scientific students of religion. Its critics observe not so much decline, but rather change in the religious landscape of Western Europe, in effect pointing out that the decline of Christianity's traditional institutional, doctrinal and ritual dimensions should not be mistaken for a decline of religion tout court.

Purpose

In this research note, we address this ongoing debate among sociologists of religion by studying whether traditional Christian religiosity has declined in Western Europe over the past four decades, and whether the same applies to religiosity more broadly conceived.

Methods

To examine these trends over time, we analyze data from the European Values Study (1981–2017) for nineteen Western-European countries. More specifically, we carry out multi-level linear- and multi-level logistic regression analyses.

Results

We demonstrate that both traditional Christian religiosity and religiosity more broadly conceived have declined, with the former declining at a much higher pace than the latter. We also find that those who continue to be religious and/or spiritual deviate increasingly from the traditional Christian model. Thus, when one does encounter religiosity, it is much more likely to be non-traditional religiosity than was true in the past.

Conclusions and Implications

We conclude that religion has declined, whether one understands it narrowly as traditional Christian religiosity, or more broadly. Even though new forms of religiosity and spirituality cannot compensate for the loss in traditional Christian religiosity, they do make up an increasing portion of the overall declining religious pie. Finally, we reflect on the limitations of the data from the European Values Study (1981–2017) and make an urgent call for better survey data, especially by including more suitable questions with which to measure types of religiosity and/or spirituality that deviate from the traditional Christian model.
The effect of amendments on Lolium perenne roots arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization when cultivated in contaminated soil
Authors: Szada-Borzyszkowska A. , Krzyżak J. , Rusinowski S. , Starzewska-Sikorska A. , Ratman-Kłosińska I. , Pogrzeba M.
Published: November 2021

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi that colonize the roots of plants growing on lands contaminated by heavy metals may influence the phytostabilization process reducing the translocation of metals to the aboveground parts of the plant. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil amendments (lime and lignite) on the concentration of the bioavailable form of heavy metals (CaCl2 extraction) in soil and on the colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the roots of Lolium perenne when cultivated in contaminated soil. During the experiment, the bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and Zn in soil was significantly reduced after application of the amendments, causing an increase of L. perenne shoot dry biomass. It was observed that the higher dose of lime (0.5%) resulting in amplified values of relative mycorrhizal intensity. However, independently of the dose, the treatments increased the occurrence of arbuscules in L. perenne roots, with the highest value observed after the application of 0.25% lime with 5% lignite. The results for the first time present the effect of lime and lignite application on the L. perenne roots colonization by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi indicating the increase of occurrence of arbuscules. These findings suggest that in order to explain the different responses of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to the applied treatment further investigations are needed to identify the spore morphology. The results of the experiment were implemented to stabilize heavy metals during remediation of a spoil heap in Ruda Śląska, Poland.
On Optimal Test Signal Design and Parameter Identification Schemes for Dynamic Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Models Using the Fisher Information Matrix
Authors: Himmelsbach Matthias , Kroll Andreas
Published: November 2021

This paper is concerned with the analysis of optimization procedures for optimal experiment design for locally affine Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy models based on the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM). The FIM is used to estimate the covariance matrix of a parameter estimate. It depends on the model parameters as well as the regression variables. Due to the dependency on the model parameters good initial models are required. Since the FIM is a matrix, a scalar measure of the FIM is optimized. Different measures and optimization goals are investigated in three case studies.
HOTCAP: a new software package for high-speed oscilloscope-based three-dimensional bunch charge and position measurement
Authors: Xu Xing-Yi , Leng Yong-Bin , Gao Bo , Zhou Yi-Mei , Cao Shan-Shan , Chen Jian , Chen Fang-Zhou
Published: November 2021

A software package to be used in high-speed oscilloscope-based three-dimensional bunch-by-bunch charge and position measurement is presented. The software package takes the pick-up electrode signal waveform recorded by the high-speed oscilloscope as input, and it calculates and outputs the bunch-by-bunch charge and position. In addition to enabling a three-dimensional observation of the motion of each passing bunch on all beam position monitor pick-up electrodes, it offers many additional features such as injection analysis, bunch response function reconstruction, and turn-by-turn beam analysis. The software package has an easy-to-understand graphical user interface and convenient interactive operation, which has been verified on the Windows 10 system.
Indirect estimate of in loco moisture via normative mineralogy calculation with correction of seasonal effect on itabirite (banded iron formation) of the Pico complex, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Dias Giulia Marina Cerqueira , Rossi Daniel Quinaud , Ribeiro Diniz
Published: November 2021

Moisture is a critical variable in iron-ore processing, handling and transportation. During beneficiation, excessive moisture may lead to screen and chute clogging. In transportation, moisture values above transportable moisture limit may cause cargo instabilities, especially in regard to vessels. Moisture is a non-stationary variable that depends on spatial and time distributions. Therefore, classical estimate methods such as ordinary kriging are not appropriate to calculate moisture values. Here, we present an extension of the Normative Mineralogy Calculation to indirectly estimate moisture, considering seasonal influence. This study in based on three iron-ore mines, Galinheiro, Pico and Sapecado. They are located in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais, Brazil, a world-class iron-ore district. The method proposed herein provides useful information that can be applied elsewhere. Our results indicate that compact ores show low moisture values with little seasonal influence, while soft ores and canga (iron-rich duricrust) are strongly influenced seasonally due to higher porosity and greater capacity of retaining water in the crystal structure of minerals, such as goethite. Moisture variations may exceed 2% along the year. Such variations are enough to preclude the beneficiation of certain iron ores during the rainy season. For this reason, moisture has been regarded as an essential variable in short-term mining.

Article Highlights

Moisture is a critical variable in iron-ore processing, handling and transportation. Moisture depends on spatial and time distributions; hence classical methods are not appropriate to quantitatively estimate it. This study proposes an indirectly estimate of moisture considering seasonal influence.

Compact iron ores are little influenced seasonally, while soft iron ores and canga (duricrust) are strongly affected by the rainy season due to their higher porosity and greater capacity of retaining water.

The seasonal effect on moisture is an essential variable that must be consider to better effectiveness of iron-ore mining sequencing and beneficiation.
Circumferential Acquired Macropenis: Definition, Literature Review and Proposal of Geometrically-Based Reduction Corporoplasty
Authors: Pescatori Edoardo Stefano , Drei Barbara , Rabito Salvatore
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Over the years, scattered cases of acquired penile girth increase have been published with different terms, the common clinical feature being a mechanically hampered penetration.

Aim

To search for all published cases of acquired penile girth increase, and to propose a geometrically-based reduction corporoplasty.

Methods

A case of acquired penile bilateral albuginea herniation prompted us to a PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar literature review from 1970 to 2021, in search for similar conditions.

Main Outcome Measure

We identified 7 cases of acquired penile girth increase; the geometric approach used to surgically correct bilateral corporal herniation proved successful in our case.

Results

In 5 of the 7 cases of acquired penile girth increase, priapistic episodes were deemed the causal factor; in the remaining 2 and in ours, a clear etiology could not be identified.

Conclusion

“Circumferential acquired macropenis” describes the unusual syndrome of acquired penile girth increase, that encompasses 2 distinct etiologies: post-priapistic cases, characterized by penile girth increase both in flaccidity and erection, and idiopathic cases, characterized by girth increase in erection only, and at surgery by a thinned albuginea in the affected area.
Colombian Clinical Validation of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5)
Authors: Vallejo-Medina Pablo , Saffon José Pablo , Álvarez-Muelas Ana
Published: November 2021

Background

Erectile dysfunction represents an important health problem and the instrument most frequently used for the evaluation of its evaluation is the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5).

Aim

Due to lack of adaptation and validation for Spanish-speaking populations, this study aimed to adapt and validate the Colombian version of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5).

Methods

Two independent samples were evaluated. One used to validate the scale and the other to calculate cut-off point of this version, with 2,021 men from the general population and outpatients from a clinic. The age range was 18 to 75 years old (M = 37.80; SD = 14.06). The second sample included 74 men, 64.9% did not meet DSM-5 criteria for erectile dysfunction, and 35.1% meet DSM-5 criteria to ED. Age range was 19 to 73 years old (M = 40.38; SD = 13.22).

Outcomes

All participants answered the Spanish versions of the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and the Massachusetts General Health-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire.

Results

The Colombian version of IIEF-5 showed adequate psychometric properties, confirmed the one-dimension factorization of the scale, and showed adequate evidence of reliability and validity. Significant differences were observed in the IIEF-5 total score between the non-clinical and clinical groups who meet DSM-5 criteria for erectile dysfunction, with a large effect size. Also, the cut-off the Colombian version was set to 16, with an area under the curve of 94.9%.

Clinical Implications

The Colombian version of the IIEF-5 is a useful evaluation instrument that provides to determine the presence of erectile dysfunction compatible with DSM-5 criteria.

Strengths & Limitations

The inventory reports adequate psychometric properties, a confirmed one-dimensional structure, evidence of reliability and validity, and the first cut-off point for Hispanic populations. A more in-depth evaluation of the diagnosis of ED and thus replication in other Spanish-speaking countries and sexual minorities is recommended.

Conclusion

The Spanish version of the IIEF-5 is a useful evaluation tool for identifying erectile dysfunction, following DSM-5 criteria.
Wilder Penfield and Academic Neurosurgery in North America: 1934–1945
Authors: Leblanc Richard
Published: November 2021

Wilder Penfield was appointed as Chair of McGill University’s newly created Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery in 1930 and Director of the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) in 1933. The departmental structure allowed Penfield to develop his own research priorities, and the MNI’s clinics and laboratories allowed residents to train in neurosurgery and in basic science under one roof. This paper reviews the research performed by neurosurgical residents under Penfield’s direction from 1934 to 1945 and argues that their initiation to laboratory research contributed to the emergence of neuroscience following the Second World War.
A feasibility study on a novel well-being intervention for university students
Authors: Hunt E. , Coombes L.
Published: November 2021

Objectives:

Challenging transitions, increased stress and mental ill health can affect students’ academic performance and their capacity to remain in higher education. Prevention and early treatment of mental health problems in college students is therefore a key public health priority, nationally and internationally. Developing a range of evidence-based interventions targeting the mental health of students is critical. We examined the feasibility and acceptability of a new universal time use and well-being intervention, the ‘Everyday Matters: Healthy Habits for University Life’ digital badge (EMDB), a co-curricular micro-credential for first-year college students.

Methods:

This study used a single-arm, pre–post design for first-year undergraduate students. The EMDB comprised eight 1-hour lunchtime sessions on brain development and time-use habits across the 24 hours of the day including sleep, self-care, leisure, study and work. Validated measures of occupational competence and value, mental well-being, sleep health, mindset, self-compassion and gratitude were completed, along with an evaluation questionnaire.

Results:

Eight first-year undergraduate students completed the demographic questionnaire and pre- and post- measures, with one additional student completing only the evaluation questionnaire. There was significantly improved levels of well-being, self-compassion and growth mindset following the intervention. Many of the challenges reported by participants related to occupational issues such as managing finances and having a satisfying routine. Participants appreciated the practical relevance and scientific underpinnings of the programme content. The sense of belonging within the group and having insightful conversations with other group members were particularly valued by participants.

Conclusions:

This study offers preliminary evidence that an occupational therapy based universal time-use and well-being intervention was feasible to deliver and acceptable to first-year undergraduate students. The results of this study and the participant acceptability support further development and evaluation of the EMDB intervention.
Reflectionless wave propagation on shallow water with variable bathymetry and current
Authors: Churilov Semyon M. , Stepanyants Yury A.
Published: November 2021

In the linear approximation, we study the one-dimensional problem of reflectionless wave propagation on the surface of a shallow duct with spatially varying water depth, duct width and current. We show that both global and bounded exact solutions describing the reflectionless propagation in opposite directions of long waves of arbitrary shape exist for the particular variations of these parameters. A general analysis of the problem is illustrated by a few solutions constructed for the specific cases of spatial profiles of the flow and wave propagation velocities. The results obtained can be of interest to mitigate the possible impact of waves on ships, marine engineering constructions and human activity in coastal zones.
On a backward problem for nonlinear time fractional wave equations
Authors: He Jia Wei , Zhou Yong
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we concern with a backward problem for a nonlinear time fractional wave equation in a bounded domain. By applying the properties of Mittag-Leffler functions and the method of eigenvalue expansion, we establish some results about the existence and uniqueness of the mild solutions of the proposed problem based on the compact technique. Due to the ill-posedness of backward problem in the sense of Hadamard, a general filter regularization method is utilized to approximate the solution and further we prove the convergence rate for the regularized solutions.
Morphological observations and molecular confirmation of larvae ofLevisquilla inermis(Crustacea: Stomatopoda) from the Seto Inland Sea
Authors: Fadl Alyaa Elsaid Abdelaziz , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Wakabayashi Kaori
Published: November 2021

Mantis shrimps are commercially important crustaceans in many areas of the world. In contrast to the relatively common studies of adults, limited studies have been attempted of larvae because of a lack of identification keys. The objectives of this study were two-fold: (1) to link wild-caught larval specimens from the Seto Inland Sea to a certain species and (2) to present a detailed morphological description of the last larval stage. The resulting molecular phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences strongly implies that our larval specimens were linked toLevisquilla inermis, which was barcoded from a newly collected adult specimen with a morphological identification. K2P genetic divergence was found to be 0% among the larval and adult specimens. The congeneric speciesL. jurichiwas the sister group of theL. inermiscluster, but the K2P distance between them was 3.4%, and it was considered a distinct species. Morphological observations provided five major distinguishing characteristics of the last-stage larva ofL. inermis: (1) propodus of second maxilliped with three basal spines, (2) all five pleopods possessing an appendix interna with cincinnuli, (3) exopod of uropod longer than the endopod, (4) distal margin of the exopod of the uropod reaching the lateral tooth of telson, and (5) telson with nine intermediate denticles. Overall, our results reveal the importance of combining molecular and morphological analyses for solving stomatopod larval identification. This finding can be used to support and facilitate future research on the taxonomy and biodiversity of stomatopod larvae.
Coccidial oocyst release: once a day or all day long? Tropical bird hosts shed new light on the adaptive significance of diurnal periodicity in parasite output
Authors: Biard Clotilde , Monceau Karine , Teixeira Maria , Motreuil Sébastien , Bettencourt-Amarante Soline , Develay Lucie , Moreau Jérôme
Published: November 2021

Many parasites spend part of their life cycle as infectious forms released from an infected host in the external environment, where they may encounter and infect new hosts. The emergence of infectious life stages often occurs once a day to minimize mortality in adverse environments. In bird hosts, intestinal parasites such as coccidia are generally released with feces in the late afternoon. This dynamic is adaptive since it allows avoiding desiccation and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, thus reducing mortality of oocysts in the environment until transmission to the next host. If this circadian rhythm is the result of natural selection to increase oocyst survival, we may hypothesize that oocysts will appear in feces at different times depending on the environment where hosts live. Particularly, in an environment where UV radiation and desiccation are very low, we may expect oocyst circadian release to disappear since the main selective pressure would be relaxed. We sampled different species of birds in tropical and temperate forests in spring and investigated coccidian oocyst output. A strong circadian variation in the prevalence of hosts shedding coccidian oocyst was detected for species caught in the temperate forest with an increase in prevalence in the late afternoon, whereas prevalence of birds shedding oocysts was constant over the course of the day for most species sampled in the tropical rain forest. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that oocysts’ circadian output is maintained by natural selection to increase oocyst survival. We discuss the adaptive significance of diurnal periodicity in parasite output.
PRAGMATISM AND PROBABILITY: RE-EXAMINING KEYNES’S THINKING ON PROBABILITY
Authors: Bateman Bradley W.
Published: November 2021

As we celebrate the centenary of John Maynard Keynes’s Treatise on Probability (1921), we are still faced with unresolved, fundamental questions about his foray into the philosophy of probability. One of these unresolved questions concerns whether Keynes (1931) later changed his mind in response to intense criticism from Frank Ramsey (1922, 1931) and abandoned the logical theory of probability. This essay draws from Cheryl Misak’s recent biography of Frank Ramsey (2020) to argue that Ramsey had an even wider influence on Keynes’s work than has been recognized, and that this influence was not just on his philosophy of probability but also on his economics. Understood in this fuller context, it seems even more clear that Keynes embraced and built upon Ramsey’s subjective theory of probability in The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936).
Reducing repetition in convolutional abstractive summarization
Authors: Liu Yizhu , Chen Xinyue , Luo Xusheng , Zhu Kenny Q.
Published: November 2021

Convolutional sequence to sequence (CNN seq2seq) models have met success in abstractive summarization. However, their outputs often contain repetitive word sequences and logical inconsistencies, limiting the practicality of their application. In this paper, we find the reasons behind the repetition problem in CNN-based abstractive summarization through observing the attention map between the summaries with repetition and their corresponding source documents and mitigate the repetition problem. We propose to reduce the repetition in summaries by attention filter mechanism (ATTF) and sentence-level backtracking decoder (SBD), which dynamically redistributes attention over the input sequence as the output sentences are generated. The ATTF can record previously attended locations in the source document directly and prevent the decoder from attending to these locations. The SBD prevents the decoder from generating similar sentences more than once via backtracking at test. The proposed model outperforms the baselines in terms of ROUGE score, repeatedness, and readability. The results show that this approach generates high-quality summaries with minimal repetition and makes the reading experience better.
Providing Medical Care at the End of Life – A Cross-Sectional Study of Long-Term Care Facilities in Switzerland
Authors: Pautex Sophie , Schneider Martin , Charmillot Pierre-Alain , Bassal Catherine , de Paula Emilie Morgan , Herrmann François , Gamondi Claudia , Fusi-Schmidhauser Tanja
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The provision of high-quality palliative care in nursing homes (NHs) requires specific knowledge and skills among health professionals. The aims of the study were to assess quality of care during the dying process and quality of end-of-life of NH residents in the French and Italian parts of Switzerland. 90 residents died during the study period (mean age 88.7 years). Mean of the “End-of-Life in Dementia Scales – Comfort Assessment while Dying” score was 35.7 (theoretical range 14–42). Mean of the “Quality of Dying in LongTerm Care” score was 38.3 (theoretical range 11–55). In conclusion, the quality of dying and quality of end-of-life care in NH studied can be improved improved, in particular on the anticipation level. Die Bereitstellung einer qualitativ hochwertigen Palliativversorgung in Pflegeheimen erfordert spezifische Fähigkeiten. Ziel der Studie war es, die Qualität der Sterbebegleitung von Bewohnern, die in der französisch- und italienischsprachigen Schweiz in Pflegeheimen sterben, zu bewerten. 90 Bewohner starben während der Studiendauer (Durchschnittsalter 88,7 Jahre). Der mittlere Wert der «End-of-Life in Dementia Scales – Comfort Assessment while Dying» lag bei 35,7 (theoretischer Bereich 14–42). Der Mittelwert der Skala «the Quality of Dying in LongTerm Care» lag bei 38,3 (theoretischer Bereich 11–55). Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die Qualität der Versorgung am Lebensende in den untersuchten Pflegeheimen verbessert werden kann, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Antizipation.
ID-PALL: An Instrument to Help You Identify Patients in Need of Palliative Care
Authors: Lüthi Fabienne Teike , Bernard Mathieu , Gamondi Claudia , Ramelet Anne-Sylvie , Borasio Gian Domenico
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Palliative care is frequently associated with the end of life and cancer. However, other patients may need palliative care, and this need may be present earlier in the disease trajectory. It is therefore essential to identify at the right time patients who need palliative care and to distinguish between those in need of general palliative care and those for whom a referral to specialists is required. ID-PALL has been developed as an instrument to support professionals in this identification and to discuss a suitable palliative care project, in order to maintain the best quality of life for patients and their relatives. Recommendations for clinical practice are also proposed to guide professionals after the identification phase.
Measuring Driving Fear
Authors: Fischer Carolin , Schröder Annette , Taylor Joanne E. , Heider Jens
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Presently, there is no instrument to support the diagnosis of driving fear and its severity. To enable a reliable and valid diagnosis, the 5-item German-language Instrument for Fear of Driving (IFD) was developed. The items, by DSM-5 criteria for a specific phobia, measure the emotional, cognitive, and physiological components of driving fear as well as the degree of avoidance and impairment. The present paper comprises two studies that describe the development of the IFD and its psychometric properties. In Study 1, the IFD was administered to 810 non-clinical participants in an online survey and demonstrated good reliability and construct validity. In Study 2, fifty-four people with a clinical diagnosis, including clinically relevant driving fear, completed the IFD and a clinical interview. The IFD demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity, and a cut-off score resulted in 95% sensitivity and 97% specificity. While the findings are preliminary and further studies with larger samples are needed, the IFD is a promising screening instrument for driving fear and its severity.
Sea Ice Variability and Trends in the Western Indian Ocean Sector of Antarctica During the Past Two Centuries and Its Response to Climatic Modes
Authors: Ejaz Tariq , Rahaman Waliur , Laluraj C. M. , Mahalinganathan K. , Thamban Meloth
Published: November 2021

Antarctic sea ice is a critical component of the ocean‐climate system. Sea ice concentration (SIC) records of various oceanic sectors of Antarctica available since 1979 reveal dramatic changes in recent years; however, there is no consensus yet on drivers of sea ice variability, changes and their future projections. The lack of long‐term SIC records has impeded the quantification of sea ice variability, trends and various forcing factors and mechanisms. Here, we present a long‐term SIC record (1809−1993 CE) for the Western Indian Ocean Sector (WIOS) of Antarctica derived from a new ice core oxygen isotope (δ18O) record together with three available records from Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica. This long‐term SIC record at annual resolution reveals a significant decline during 1830–1884 CE with a rate of 0.58% ± 0.12% decade−1 followed by moderate increase during 1927–1993 CE with a rate of 0.24% ± 0.11% decade−1. Current satellite‐derived SIC records reveal an increase of 2.59 ± 0.86% decade−1 during 1994–2014 CE, which is unprecedented over the last two centuries as determined by the ice core‐derived SIC record. The satellite and ice core combined SIC record (1809−2019 CE) also reveals a significant increase in interannual variability at El Niño Southern Oscillation band and decadal variability at 16–32 years band in the last few decades. Our investigation suggests that wind‐driven sea‐ice dynamics associated with switching phases of Southern Annular Mode and remote teleconnections of Pacific oscillations largely control the interannual to decadal sea ice variability in this region.
Projecting Climate Dependent Coastal Flood Risk With a Hybrid Statistical Dynamical Model
Authors: Anderson D. L. , Ruggiero P. , Mendez F. J. , Barnard P. L. , Erikson L. H. , O’Neill A. C. , Merrifield M. , Rueda A. , Cagigal L. , Marra J.
Published: November 2021

Numerical models for tides, storm surge, and wave runup have demonstrated ability to accurately define spatially varying flood surfaces. However these models are typically too computationally expensive to dynamically simulate the full parameter space of future oceanographic, atmospheric, and hydrologic conditions that will constructively compound in the nearshore to cause both extreme event and nuisance flooding during the 21st century. A surrogate modeling framework of waves, winds, and tides is developed in this study to efficiently predict spatially varying nearshore and estuarine water levels contingent on any combination of offshore forcing conditions. The surrogate models are coupled with a time‐dependent stochastic climate emulator that provides efficient downscaling for hypothetical iterations of offshore conditions. Together, the hybrid statistical‐dynamical framework can assess present day and future coastal flood risk, including the chronological characteristics of individual flood and wave‐induced dune overtopping events and their changes into the future. The framework is demonstrated at Naval Base Coronado in San Diego, CA, utilizing the regional Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS; composed of Delft3D and XBeach) as the dynamic simulator and Gaussian process regression as the surrogate modeling tool. Validation of the framework uses both in‐situ tide gauge observations within San Diego Bay, and a nearshore cross‐shore array deployment of pressure sensors in the open beach surf zone. The framework reveals the relative influence of large‐scale climate variability on future coastal flood resilience metrics relevant to the management of an open coast artificial berm, as well as the stochastic nature of future total water levels.
No Consistent Link Between Dust Storms and Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis)
Authors: Comrie Andrew C.
Published: November 2021

Dust storms, such as those associated with haboobs and strong regional winds, are frequently assumed to cause increases in cases of Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis). The disease is caused by inhaling arthroconidia of Coccidioides fungi that, after being disturbed from semi‐desert subsoil, have become airborne. Fungal arthroconidia can be transported in low‐wind conditions as well as in individual dust events, but there is no reliable evidence that all or most dust storms consistently lead to subsequent increases in coccidioidomycosis cases. Following a review of the relevant literature, this study examines the relationship between dust storms and coccidioidomycosis cases to determine if there is a consistent and general association between them. All recorded dust storms from 2006 to 2020 in and near the Phoenix area of Maricopa County, Arizona and the Bakersfield area of Kern County, California were used in a compositing analysis (superposed epoch analysis) of subsequent coccidioidomycosis cases in each area. Analyses of monthly and weekly disease case data showed no statistical differences in the patterns of coccidioidomycosis cases following dust storms versus non‐dust storm conditions, for the entire data set as well as for seasonal subsets of the data. This study thoroughly analyzes post‐dust storm coccidioidomycosis cases for a large set of dust storms, and it confirms and expands upon previous literature, including a recent study that measured airborne arthroconidia and found no consistent links connecting wind and dust conditions to increases in coccidioidomycosis.
Pore‐Scale Investigation of the Electrical Resistivity of Saturated Porous Media: Flow Patterns and Porosity Efficiency
Authors: Sun Zhonghao , Mehmani Ayaz , Torres‐Verdín Carlos
Published: November 2021

The electrical resistivity‐porosity relationship of porous media is critical for reliable formation evaluation. Archie's equation is empirical, and uses only porosity as pore‐space property, neglecting the spatial variability of the pore space; its fitting parameters may have unclear physical meaning and be nonconstant over a wider porosity range or in spatially complex rocks. We use microfluidics augmented with pore‐network modeling to investigate the effects of pore‐space properties and their evolution processes on electrical resistivity‐porosity relationships. Both a flow‐pattern parameter and a measure of porosity efficiency are implemented to quantify the spatial variability of the flow field and the conduction efficiency of porous media. Results indicate that both pore‐size distribution and pore‐space evolution impact the electrical behavior considerably. In cases of unimodal pore‐size distributions, a larger pore‐size variation or a higher porosity reduction in small pores results in higher values of Archie's porosity exponent, m; the flow pattern becomes more heterogeneous, and the efficiency of porosity to conduct electricity decreases. For cases of bimodal pore‐size distributions, the formation factor‐porosity relationship is nonlinear in log–log plots; the flow behavior is primarily affected by the fraction and connectivity of large pores. Results suggest that using porosity alone as pore‐space characteristic is inadequate to describe the electrical behavior of complex porous media. Petrophysical classification based on flow patterns and porosity efficiency is an effective alternative to differentiate the results. We introduce the electrical quality index as an effective parameter for petrophysical classification, which is verified with core data for both Fontainebleau sandstones and carbonates.
Activities of 223Ra and 226Ra in Fluids From the Lost City Hydrothermal Field Require Short Fluid Residence Times
Authors: Moore W. S. , Frankle J. D. , Benitez‐Nelson C. R. , Früh‐Green G. L. , Lang S. Q.
Published: November 2021

The residence time of fluids circulating through deep‐sea hydrothermal systems influences the extent of water‐rock reactions and the flux of major and minor elements to the ocean. While the fluid residence times in numerous basaltic and gabbroic systems have been determined, those of the less studied ultramafic systems are currently unknown. Fluids that interact with mantle rocks have fundamentally different chemistries and therefore have unique influences on seawater chemistry. In this first investigation of radium isotopes in a serpentinite‐hosted system, vent fluids were discovered to contain 10–100 times greater activities of 223Ra (half‐life = 11.4 days) than observed in high‐temperature basalt‐hosted systems. The 223Ra activities of 10–109 dpm L−1 produce 223Ra/226Ra activity ratios ranging from 9 to 109. These extremely high 223Ra activities, which are accompanied by low activities of 226Ra, place significant constraints on fluid residence times and the adsorption coefficient of radium between fluid and rock. Our data constrain the nondimensional retardation factor (R) to very low values between 1 and 4, reflecting the extent to which Ra is transported more slowly than fluids due to adsorption and other processes. These results suggest that the residence time of fluids in contact with serpentinite is less than 2 y and perhaps as low as 0.5 y. They are surprisingly similar to those of basalt‐hosted systems. Thus, fluids in hydrothermal systems share similar hydrogeological characteristics despite differences in rock types, underlying porosity, and heat sources, enabling larger‐scale models of hydrothermal biogeochemistry to be developed across systems.