bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Operative Management of Humeral Shaft Fractures: Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Matuszewski Paul E. , Kim Tae Won , Gay Andre N. , Mehta Samir
Published: June 2015

Advances in surgical techniques have increased the role of early surgical intervention for isolated diaphyseal humerus fractures. The goal of this study was to investigate the following: (1) the current trend of operative treatment; (2) factors that affect surgical treatment; and (3) the effect of surgical fixation on length of stay, complication rates, and hospital disposition. The National Trauma Data Bank from 2004 to 2006 was analyzed. All patients with multiple injuries that included closed humeral shaft fractures and all patients with isolated humeral shaft fractures were included. Of 2312 total closed humeral shaft fractures, 1662 had a documented procedure code. A total of 47% of patients underwent surgical treatment. Surgically treated patients were on average 3.5 years older than those treated nonoperatively (P=.007). A total of 49% of white patients underwent early surgery vs 39% of nonwhite patients (P<.001). The operative group had a mean Injury Severity Score of 8.33 vs 9.0 in the nonoperative group (P=.04). Treatment at a Level I trauma center decreased the likelihood of surgery compared with treatment at a non-Level I trauma center (45% vs 57%,P<.001). Mean length of stay was 4.6 days for operative treatment vs 3.9 days for nonoperative treatment (P=.02). Of patients who underwent surgery, 78% were discharged to home compared with 69% of those managed nonoperatively (P<.001). Acute operative management of humeral shaft fractures correlated with a lower Injury Severity Score, a decreased length of stay, and less rehabilitation placement. Furthermore, older patients, white patients, and patients treated at a non-Level I trauma center were more likely to undergo acute surgical management. The reasons for these disparities are unclear and warrant further investigation. [Orthopedics.2015; 38(6):e485–e489.]
Characterization and Risk Factor Analysis for Reoperation After Microendoscopic Diskectomy
Authors: Hong Xin , Liu Lei , Bao Junping , Shi Rui , Fan Yudong , Wu Xiaotao
Published: June 2015

A population-based database of 1263 consecutive patients who underwent microendoscopic diskectomy for single-level lumbar disk herniation between 2005 and 2010 was retrospectively analyzed to identify causes and characteristics of reoperation and associated risk factors. A total of 952 patients were eligible. Of these, 58 had revision spinal surgery. Causes and clinical parameters were retrospectively assessed, and possible risk factors were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. In total, 76 disk herniations were excised with revision diskectomy, with or without interbody fusion. The overall mean interval between primary surgery and revision surgery was 39.05 months (range, 2–95 months). Cumulative overall reoperation rates gradually increased from 1.56% at 1 year to 8.17% after nearly 10 years. Reoperated patients were older and had a higher level of lumbar degeneration, with severe Modic changes (type 1, 17.2%; type 2, 34.5%), vs patients without reoperation (type 1, 1.5%; type 2, 30.6%). In addition, patients with reoperation had a higher rate of obvious adjacent disk degeneration (81.1%). Logistic regression analysis showed that adjacent segment degeneration and Pfirrmann grading for disk degeneration were significant risk factors for reoperation after primary microendoscopic diskectomy (odds ratios, 2.448 and 1.510, respectively). The current study reported a relatively low incidence of reoperation after primary microendoscopic diskectomy. Adjacent segment degeneration and Pfirrmann grading for disk degeneration were identified as risk factors for reoperation after microendoscopic diskectomy to treat lumbar disk herniation. Treatment options for patients with these factors at the first visit should be carefully evaluated. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(6):e490–e496.]
Risk Factors for Postoperative Urinary Retention in Men Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Hollman Freek , Wolterbeek Nienke , Veen Remmelt
Published: June 2015

Postoperative urinary retention is a common complication after major orthopedic procedures of the lower limb. In total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty, the incidence ranges from 7% to 84%. In this study, the incidence and risk factors for postoperative urinary retention were described in a cohort of 376 men undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Postoperative urinary retention was defined as the inability to void after surgery for which single or indwelling catheterization was performed. Risk factors were identified using multivariate regression analysis. Following total hip arthroplasty, 150 (39.9%) of the 376 men developed urinary retention. Patient-controlled analgesia (odds ratio, 4.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.79–9.40), use of spinal anesthesia (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–2.99), and age 70 years or older (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–2.95) were independent risk factors for urinary retention. Potential risk factors that were not confirmed included body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (Class I–III), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, prostate pathology, smoking, average pain during the first 24 hours after surgery, and length of surgery. Two of the 150 patients with urinary retention (1.3%) for which a catheter has been inserted developed a urinary tract infection vs none of the patients without urinary retention. The risk of urinary retention after total hip arthroplasty is increased in men older than 70 years, those receiving spinal anesthesia, and those with patient-controlled analgesia postoperatively. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(6):e507–e511.]
Arthroscopic Management of Synovial Osteochondromatosis of the Hip
Authors: Blitzer Charles M. , Scarano Kyle A.
Published: June 2015

Synovial osteochondromatosis is a benign metaplasia of the synovium resulting in the formation of osteocartilaginous nodules within the synovial lining. At presentation, radiographs typically reveal these nodules to have broken free from the synovial lining, becoming loose bodies residing in the free space of the affected joint. These fragments readily receive the necessary nutrients for continued growth from the synovial fluid in which they reside. Controversy exists over the management of the disease. Some physicians call for arthrotomy with a complete synovectomy, whereas others vouch for a minimally invasive arthroscopic approach. In the case described here, the surgeon decided on hip arthroscopy to treat synovial osteochondromatosis in a 61-year-old woman. All but one loose body that was adherent in the anterior hip capsule was successfully removed and the patient recovered promptly. This case highlights the importance of hip arthroscopy and its usefulness not only in treating conditions such as synovial osteochondromatosis, but also in accurately diagnosing them. Recognition and management of hip conditions such as synovial osteochondromatosis through arthroscopy result in minimally invasive treatment and decreased morbidity and may markedly accelerate patient rehabilitation. It is the authors’ belief that this unique case further suggests the practicality of using hip arthroscopy to successfully treat synovial osteochondromatosis. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(6):e536–e538.]
Perceived Sources of Stress Among First-Year Nursing Students in Jordan
Authors: Shudifat Ra’ed M. , Al-Husban Raya Yousef
Published: June 2015

The aim of the current study was to determine the most prevalent sources of stress among first-year nursing students at a military college in Jordan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using a convenience sample of 138 students (females between ages 18 and 22). The Student Stress Survey was used to identify stressors and assess their relative importance. The instrument consists of 40 items divided into four categories of potential sources of stress: (a) intrapersonal, (b) interpersonal, (c) academic, and (d) environmental. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The top five sources of stress reported were: increased class workload (89%), change in living environment (83%), change in social activities (78%), change in eating habits (77.5 %), and change in sleeping habits (76%), with academic sources of stress being the most frequently reported. The results provide valuable information for educators and administrators in nursing colleges to identify types of stress among first-year nursing students and establish strategies to reduce stress among such students, particularly from academic and environmental sources. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 53
(6), 37–43.]
Development of a Clinical Competency Checklist for Care of Patients Experiencing Substance Withdrawal Delirium or Delirium: Use of a Delphi Technique and Expert Panel
Authors: Saylor Jennifer L. , Schell Kathleen A. , Mendell Mark F. , Graber Jennifer S.
Published: June 2015

Health care providers are challenged by the presentation and management of inpatients experiencing substance withdrawal delirium (SWD) and delirium. The current Delphi study used an expert panel to develop a clinical competency checklist for nurse and physician educator use in teaching health care providers about the initial care of patients with SWD or delirium. The checklist includes categories of patient safety, history and information gathering, physical examination and assessment, treatment plan, and patient/family–centered care. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 53
(6), 29–36.]
Mantram Repetition Program Decreases Insomnia Among Homeless Women: A Pilot Study
Authors: Barger Mary K. , Weinrich Sally , Bormann Jill E. , Bouvier Monique , Hardin Sally Brosz
Published: June 2015

The current pre-/posttest pilot study recruited homeless women from “safe” car parks and transitional housing to evaluate the use of mantram in regard to insomnia. At baseline, study participants completed measures of cognitive function, depression, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). In 40 minutes, women were taught three skills of the Mantram Repetition Program (MRP) in the natural environment: (a) silently repeating a mantram several times, several times per day; (b) repeating the mantram slowly every night before sleep; and (c) focusing full attention on the mantram during repetitions. One week later, participants completed a second ISI. Of the 29 women recruited, 83% completed 1-week follow up. After 1 week, 88% were using their mantram daily and one half were using it prior to sleep. Insomnia severity significantly decreased (
p
= 0.03), with a mean difference of 2.36 (
SD
= 4.75). The practice of MRP, an intervention that is portable and easy to teach, shows significant promise in decreasing insomnia in this unique population. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 53
(6), 44–49.]
Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Mental Health of Veterans
Authors: McGuinness Teena M. , Waldrop Jessica R.
Published: June 2015

Many U.S. Veterans have experienced the burdens of mental illness and suicide. The current article focuses on Veterans who served from 2001–2015. Although combat exposure and suicidal ideation are linked, approximately one half of all suicides among Active Duty service members (who have served since 2001) occurred among those who never deployed. Researchers who sought additional risks for suicide found that Veterans have greater odds of adversities in childhood than the general population. Adverse childhood experiences are stressful and traumatic experiences, including abuse and neglect, as well as witnessing household dysfunction, or growing up with individuals with mental illness or substance abuse. Further, childhood physical abuse has been shown to be a significant predictor for posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide. Adverse childhood experiences confer additional risk for the mental health of service members. Psychiatric nursing implications include the importance of assessing early childhood adversity during psychosocial assessments. Providing trauma-informed strategies for treatment is an essential element of psychiatric nursing care. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
53
(6), 23–26.]
Engaging Consumers via Twitter
Authors: Ravaglia Veronica , Brivio Eleonora , Graffigna Guendalina
Published: June 2015

The interactive nature of social networking sites contributes to reinforce engagement between consumers and brands in terms of co-creation of shared values. According to Hollebeek (2011), consumer-brand engagement (CBE) implies cognitive, emotional, behavioral factors, which connect a brand with its followers. This chapter will show three successful Twitter strategies from three different brands, using a methodological approach focusing on the relational conditions that turn a brand into an engaging player on Twitter. Interviews with brand communication managers and followers were conducted. Moreover, initiatives were explored through the stream of tweets produced around the brands; pragmatic, semantic, syntactic and structural features of tweets were considered. Results show that, while the three initiatives considered here lean on a cognitive-based CBE, a full engagement in the/a brand's world is needed to build a long-lasting and successful relationship between brand and consumer, in order to co-construct a future shared reality.
Customer Service on Twitter
Authors: Fox Alexa K. , Cowley Scott
Published: June 2015

Twitter is one of the world's most popular social media websites, and company spending on social media is rapidly increasing. One area of investment for companies in social media is customer service, but many marketers struggle to understand how micro-blogging can be integrated into customer service efforts. The purpose of this chapter is to explore customer service interaction on micro-blogs by understanding company and customer expectations on Twitter. The authors examine (1) whether gaps in service expectations exist between consumers and companies in a customer service scenario and (2) the impact of specific customer service response configurations on these consumer-company expectation gaps. Results of a study of Twitter users and customer service providers suggest that differences exist between customers' expectations of customer service on Twitter and companies' understanding of these expectations. The authors discuss how managers can use their understanding of these differences to make better decisions about service delivery through Twitter and other social media websites.
Tourism Services, Micro-Blogging, and Customer Feedback
Authors: Sotiriadis Marios D. , Van Zyl Cina
Published: June 2015

The digital environment and the tools of Web 2.0 provide opportunities and challenges for the providers of tourism services to better listen to and understand their current and potential consumers. This chapter approaches the Social Media, and more specifically Twitter, as a tool for integrated communication with tourism consumers. It takes a strategic and operational marketing perspective to analyze the potential contribution of micro-blogging, from the point of view of tourism providers. Twitter is regarded as a source of and medium for interactive communication with customers. Therefore, the main aim of this chapter is to examine and suggest the ways in which tourism businesses could take advantage of Twitter as a channel of interactive communication and constructive dialogue. More specifically, it examines the potential contribution and possible uses of Twitter by tourism businesses in acquiring customer feedback for two purposes: service quality/performance and customer-driven innovation.
Whom to Trust for Financial Advice?
Authors: Pickert Simon , Sandner Philipp
Published: June 2015

Twitter has become a popular online platform for individuals seeking news and advice about financial assets. In this study, we examine which user characteristics relate to the quality of investment advice. Due to the fact that Twitter allows users to anonymously create and share content, a large portion of the information and investment advice found on its channels turns out to be non-useful, misleading or even incorrect. Using methods from computational linguistics to analyze roughly 9 million tweets, our findings show that a set of behavior-based user features, as well as characteristics of the message content relate to the quality of proffered investment advice.
Perceptions of Risks of Non-Advertising Uses of Micro-Blogging within Small to Medium Enterprises
Authors: Shabgahi Soureh Latif , Cox Andrew
Published: June 2015

This chapter is about the perception of risks of non-advertising uses of micro-blogging in small to medium enterprises (SMEs) in the UK. Risks of micro-blogging are defined as situations which involve exposing the organization and employees to danger. Few previous studies have been carried out into risks of internal micro-blogging in the corporate context. In the research presented in this chapter, initially a thematic analysis of previous literature on enterprise micro-blogging (EMB) was conducted. Following this, qualitative interviews were selected as the most appropriate method for data collection to explore understanding of the issues among practitioners. Twenty-one interviewees were conducted with SMEs in the area of South Yorkshire in the UK, during 2013. The participants were from organizations in the field of IT, Consultancy and Sports. The analysis of the qualitative data revealed new areas of risk in micro-blogging, which had not been identified in previous literature. Based on the data, a descriptive account of the risks is provided. The chapter concludes by introducing participants' views of how to mitigate such risks.
Twitter Data Acquisition and Analysis
Authors: Dann Stephen
Published: June 2015

Social media data collection is often treated as tacit knowledge with the collation of tweets reduced to a single sentence without explanation as to means, mechanisms or relative merit of the approach. This chapter describes methods and techniques for the capture of Twitter timeline data, inclusive of first person and third party methods for data capture from personal accounts, public accounts, and keyword searches. The chapter takes a practical approach to acquiring Twitter data with a focus on individual timelines, and small to medium scale search sets. The emphasis is on being able to obtain, examine, and convert Twitter data into knowledge quickly, and with limited requirement for technical skills. This type of data collection assumes no prior programming knowledge. The chapter explains how to retrieve Twitter data from three sources: personally controlled timelines, third party timelines and ongoing search results. Finally, the chapter describes preliminary analysis that can be performed to ascertain content creation patterns, without recourse to analysis of individual tweets.
Micro-Blogging as Generator of Market Insights and Competitive Intelligence
Authors: Arrigo Elisa
Published: June 2015

Despite the growing popularity of social media in academic papers, micro-blogging research is still in its infancy and there are few research studies on micro-blogging as a tool for achieving business objectives. In particular, the aim of this chapter is to examine the role of micro-blogging in improving the market knowledge of firms. Therefore, this manuscript wants to make a contribution to the strategic marketing field, providing an overview of how micro-blogging can draw insights from the market. It has been shown that micro-blogging allows firms to understand the real thoughts of customers, to control marketing strategies and to acquire updated knowledge about competitors. In fact, the intrinsic features of micro-posts (micro, mobile, instantaneous, spontaneous) make this social media different from other marketing channels and very useful for gathering customer data and accumulating market knowledge.
Lower Leg Anterior and Lateral Intracompartmental Pressure Changes Before and After Classic Versus Skate Nordic Rollerskiing
Authors: Woods Katherine M. , Petron David J. , Shultz Barry B. , Hicks-Little Charlie A.
Published: June 2015

Context

 Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a debilitating condition resulting in loss of function and a decrease in athletic performance. Cases of CECS are increasing among Nordic skiers; therefore, analysis of intracompartmental pressures (ICPs) before and after Nordic skiing is warranted.

Objective

 To determine if lower leg anterior and lateral ICPs and subjective lower leg pain levels increased after a 20-minute Nordic rollerskiing time trial and to examine if differences existed between postexercise ICPs for the 2 Nordic rollerskiing techniques, classic and skate.

Design

 Crossover study.

Setting

 Outdoor paved loop.

Patients or Other Participants

 Seven healthy Division I Nordic skiers (3 men, 4 women; age = 22.71 ± 1.38 y, height = 175.36 ± 6.33 cm, mass = 70.71 ± 6.58 kg).

Intervention(s)

 Participants completed two 20-minute rollerskiing time trials using the classic and skate technique in random order. The time trials were completed 7 days apart. Anterior and lateral ICPs and lower leg pain scores were obtained at baseline and at minutes 1 and 5 after rollerskiing.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

 Anterior and lateral ICPs (mm Hg) were measured using a Stryker Quic STIC handheld monitor. Subjective measures of lower leg pain were recorded using the 11-point Numeric Rating Scale.

Results

 Increases in both anterior (P = .000) and lateral compartment (P = .002) ICPs were observed, regardless of rollerskiing technique used. Subjective lower leg pain increased after the classic technique for the men from baseline to 1 minute postexercise and after the skate technique for the women. Significant 3-way interactions (technique × time × sex) were observed for the anterior (P = .002) and lateral (P = .009) compartment ICPs and lower leg pain (P = .005).

Conclusions

 Postexercise anterior and lateral ICPs increased compared with preexercise ICPs after both classic and skate rollerskiing techniques. Lower leg pain is a primary symptom of CECS. The subjective lower leg pain 11-point Numeric Rating Scale results indicate that increases in lower leg ICPs sustained during Nordic rollerskiing may increase discomfort during activity. Our results therefore suggest that Nordic rollerskiing contributes to increases in ICPs, which may lead to the development of CECS.
Noise-Enhanced Eversion Force Sense in Ankles With or Without Functional Instability
Authors: Ross Scott E. , Linens Shelley W. , Wright Cynthia J. , Arnold Brent L.
Published: June 2015

Context

 Force sense impairments are associated with functional ankle instability. Stochastic resonance stimulation (SRS) may have implications for correcting these force sense deficits.

Objective

 To determine if SRS improved force sense.

Design

 Case-control study.

Setting

 Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

 Twelve people with functional ankle instability (age = 23 ± 3 years, height = 174 ± 8 cm, mass = 69 ± 10 kg) and 12 people with stable ankles (age = 22 ± 2 years, height = 170 ± 7 cm, mass = 64 ± 10 kg).

Intervention(s)

 The eversion force sense protocol required participants to reproduce a targeted muscle tension (10% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction). This protocol was assessed under SRSon and SRSoff (control) conditions. During SRSon, random subsensory mechanical noise was applied to the lower leg at a customized optimal intensity for each participant.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

 Constant error, absolute error, and variable error measures quantified accuracy, overall performance, and consistency of force reproduction, respectively.

Results

 With SRS, we observed main effects for force sense absolute error (SRSoff = 1.01 ± 0.67 N, SRSon = 0.69 ± 0.42 N) and variable error (SRSoff = 1.11 ± 0.64 N, SRSon = 0.78 ± 0.56 N) (P < .05). No other main effects or treatment-by-group interactions were found (P > .05).

Conclusions

 Although SRS reduced the overall magnitude (absolute error) and variability (variable error) of force sense errors, it had no effect on the directionality (constant error). Clinically, SRS may enhance muscle tension ability, which could have treatment implications for ankle stability.
Kinesio-Taping Application and Corticospinal Excitability at the Ankle Joint
Authors: Tremblay Francois , Karam Siobhan
Published: June 2015

Context

 Physiotherapists and athletic trainers often use Kinesio Taping (KT) to prevent and treat musculoskeletal injuries in athletes, yet evidence about its effects on neuromuscular performance is conflicting.

Objective

 To investigate the influence of a KT application directed at the ankle joint on measures of corticospinal excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Design

 Controlled laboratory study.

Setting

 Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

 Twelve healthy young women (age = 23.1 ± 1.9 years; range, 19–26 years).

Intervention(s)

 Participants were tested under no-tape and KT conditions according to a random sequence order. The KT was applied to the skin overlying the dorsiflexor and plantar-flexor muscles of the ankle.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

 We assessed changes in the amplitude of motor-evoked potentials elicited at rest and during movement and changes in the silent period and background muscle activity during movement.

Results

 Taping conditions had no effect on motor-evoked potential amplitude at rest or during movement or on the silent-period duration and background muscle activity.

Conclusions

 Our results concur with other recent reports, showing KT applications have little influence at the neuromuscular level. Alterations in sensory feedback ascribed to elastic taping are likely insufficient to modulate corticospinal excitability in a functionally meaningful manner.
How far does family physician supply correlate with district health system performance?
Authors: Dyers Robin E. , Mash Robert , Naledi Tracey
Published: June 2015

Background: Since 2011, a new cadre of family physicians, with 4 years of postgraduate training, was deployed in the district health services of the Western Cape, and tasked witha considerable range of duties aimed at a general improvement in care and health outcomes. There is a need to evaluate the contribution of these family physicians to the district health system.Aim: To develop a methodology for describing the correlation between family physician supply and district health system performance, clinical processes and outcomes, and to measure this correlation at baseline.Method: A cross-sectional study was undertaken that analysed data at an ecological level for the period of 01 April 2011 to 31 March 2012. This was a pilot project analysing data from the first year of a 4-year project. The correlations between family physician supply and 18 health system indicators were assessed within a logic model. The supplies of other categories of staff were also measured.Results: Although most of the correlations with family physicians were positive, the study was unable to demonstrate any strong or statistically significant correlations at baseline. There were significant correlations with other categories of staff.Conclusions: This study developed a methodology for monitoring the relationship between family physician supply using routinely collected indicators of health system performance, clinical processes and outcomes over time. Additional research will also be needed to investigate the impact of family physicians and triangulate findings as this methodology has many limitations and potential confounding factors.
Examining the measurement and dimensionality of the construct of consumer awareness in a developing and transition economy
Authors: Makanyeza Charles , Du Toit Francois
Published: June 2015

Orientation: Literature suggests that major political and socio-economic transformations may influence the measurement and dimensionality of consumer awareness. Research purpose: The study examined the measurement and dimensionality of the construct of consumer awareness after transformation in the political and socio-economic environments in Zimbabwe. Motivation for the study: There is a dearth of research to validate whether or not the measurement and dimensionality of the construct of consumer awareness changes as the environment changes. Research design, approach and method: Data were collected from a cross-section of 305 consumers using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Consumers were intercepted at shopping malls. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse data. Main findings: The study confirmed that consumer awareness comprises five dimensions, namely product knowledge, bargain hunting, general consumer knowledge, price consciousness and information search. However, the study found that only 16 items, instead of the proposed 25, were relevant in measuring consumer awareness. Product knowledge, bargain hunting and information search were each measured by four items, whilst general consumer knowledge and price consciousness were each measured by two items. The other nine items were shown to be of no value. Practical/managerial implications: The study recommends that marketers and policymakers in developing and transition economies, such as Zimbabwe, consider these five dimensions when conducting consumer awareness research or when planning consumer awareness programmes. Contribution/value-add: The study provided evidence that the dimensionality of the construct of consumer awareness does not change as the socio-economic and political environments change. However, items used to measure the dimensions need to be updated from time to time.
Exploring ubuntu discourse in South Africa: Loss, liminality and hope
Authors: Eliastam John L.B.
Published: June 2015

This article explores the current state of the social value of ubuntu. The notion of ubuntu seems to offer possibilities for nation building and social cohesion in post-Apartheid South Africa.However, this is contested by scholars who argue that the concept is vague and open to abuse.Interviews reveal that, whilst core elements remain, the meaning of ubuntu has been eroded,and is subject to distortion and even abuse. Ubuntu exists tightly interwoven with un-ubuntu. The notion of liminality is introduced to understand the current state of both ubuntu and South African society in transition. A liminal space offers possibilities for the creative re-imaginingand recovery of ubuntu as a social value that can drive social transformation in South Africa.The lens of discursive leadership offers insight into the ways in which leaders can stimulate and shape ubuntu discourse and facilitate the construction of new meaning in society.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article forms part of broader research into perceptions of difference and threat, and prejudice on the part of South Africans towards foreigners. Ubuntu is a social value that should challenge prejudice and xenophobia and shape social relationships. Research in a rural and urban context in the Eastern Cape suggests that ubuntu discourse has been eroded and is in need of reinvigoration.
Canola cultivar mixtures and rotations do not mitigate the negative impacts of continuous canola
Authors: Harker K. N. , O'Donovan J. T. , Turkington T. K. , Blackshaw R. E. , Lupwayi N. Z. , Smith E. G. , Dosdall L. M. , Hall L. M. , Kutcher H. R. , Willenborg C. J. , Peng G. , Irvine R. B. , Mohr R.
Published: June 2015

Harker, K. N., O'Donovan, J. T., Turkington, T. K., Blackshaw, R. E., Lupwayi, N. Z., Smith, E. G., Dosdall, L. M., Hall, L. M., Kutcher, H. R., Willenborg, C. J., Peng, G., Irvine, R. B. and Mohr, R. 2015. Canola cultivar mixtures and rotations do not mitigate the negative impacts of continuous canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1085–1099. High-frequency canola (Brassica napus L.) rotations increase canola production risks. From 2008 to 2013, direct-seeded experiments involving several variations of continuous canola were compared with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotated with canola at five western Canada locations. Continuous canola rotations involved sequences of different herbicide-resistant canola and two-cultivar mixtures of herbicide-resistant canola from different sources in the same year. Fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides were applied as required for optimal production of all crops. Rotating herbicide-resistant canola types over years or mixing two cultivars of the same herbicide-resistant type provided no pest management, yield or seed quality advantages compared with planting the same herbicide-resistant cultivar type each year. In 2013, weed biomass was lower in canola preceded by other crops than most continuous canola treatments. Compared with continuous canola, when 1 or 2 yr of wheat or field pea and wheat were inserted into 3-yr rotation cycles, 2010 root maggot damage was reduced 6% and 2013 blackleg [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desmaz.) Ces. & De Not.] incidence and severity were reduced 53 and 54%, respectively. Furthermore, yields were 22% higher when canola was grown only once in 3 yr compared with continuous canola and the wheat–canola–canola rotation. The most important mitigation strategy to ensure long-term sustainable canola production is to rotate canola with other crops.
Regional data assimilation of multi-spectral MOPITT observations of CO over North America
Authors: Jiang Z. , Jones D. B. A. , Worden J. , Worden H. M. , Henze D. K. , Wang Y. X.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Chemical transport models (CTMs) driven with high-resolution meteorological fields can better resolve small-scale processes, such as frontal lifting or deep convection, and thus improve the simulation and emission estimates of tropospheric trace gases. In this work, we explore the use of the GEOS-Chem four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation system with the nested high-resolution version of the model (0.5° × 0.67°) to quantify North American CO emissions during the period of June 2004–May 2005. With optimized lateral boundary conditions, regional inversion analyses can reduce the sensitivity of the CO source estimates to errors in long-range transport and in the distributions of the hydroxyl radical (OH), the main sink for CO. To further limit the potential impact of discrepancies in chemical aging of air in the free troposphere, associated with errors in OH, we use surface-level multispectral MOPITT (Measurement of Pollution in The Troposphere) CO retrievals, which have greater sensitivity to CO near the surface and reduced sensitivity in the free troposphere, compared to previous versions of the retrievals. We estimate that the annual total anthropogenic CO emission from the contiguous US 48 states was 97 Tg CO, a 14 % increase from the 85 Tg CO in the a priori. This increase is mainly due to enhanced emissions around the Great Lakes region and along the west coast, relative to the a priori. Sensitivity analyses using different OH fields and lateral boundary conditions suggest a possible error, associated with local North American OH distribution, in these emission estimates of 20 % during summer 2004, when the CO lifetime is short. This 20 % OH-related error is 50 % smaller than the OH-related error previously estimated for North American CO emissions using a global inversion analysis. We believe that reducing this OH-related error further will require integrating additional observations to provide a strong constraint on the CO distribution across the domain. Despite these limitations, our results show the potential advantages of combining high-resolution regional inversion analyses with global analyses to better quantify regional CO source estimates.
Characterization of particulate organic matter in the Lena River delta and adjacent nearshore zone, NE Siberia – Part I: Radiocarbon inventories
Authors: Winterfeld M. , Laepple T. , Mollenhauer G.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Particulate organic matter (POM) derived from permafrost soils and transported by the Lena River represents a quantitatively important terrestrial carbon pool exported to Laptev Sea sediments (next to POM derived from coastal erosion). Its fate in a future warming Arctic, i.e., its remobilization and remineralization after permafrost thawing as well as its transport pathways to and sequestration in marine sediments, is currently under debate. We present one of the first radiocarbon (14C) data sets for surface water POM within the Lena Delta sampled in the summers of 2009–2010 and spring 2011 (n = 30 samples). The bulk Δ14C values varied from −55 to −391 ‰ translating into 14C ages of 395 to 3920 years BP. We further estimated the fraction of soil-derived POM to our samples based on (1) particulate organic carbon to particulate nitrogen ratios (POC : PN) and (2) on the stable carbon isotope (δ13C) composition of our samples. Assuming that this phytoplankton POM has a modern 14C concentration, we inferred the 14C concentrations of the soil-derived POM fractions. The results ranged from −322 to −884 ‰ (i.e., 3060 to 17 250 14C years BP) for the POC : PN-based scenario and from −261 to −944 ‰ (i.e., 2370 to 23 100 14C years BP) for the δ13C-based scenario. Despite the limitations of our approach, the estimated Δ14C values of the soil-derived POM fractions seem to reflect the heterogeneous 14C concentrations of the Lena River catchment soils covering a range from Holocene to Pleistocene ages better than the bulk POM Δ14C values. We further used a dual-carbon-isotope three-end-member mixing model to distinguish between POM contributions from Holocene soils and Pleistocene Ice Complex (IC) deposits to our soil-derived POM fraction. IC contributions are comparatively low (mean of 0.14) compared to Holocene soils (mean of 0.32) and riverine phytoplankton (mean of 0.55), which could be explained with the restricted spatial distribution of IC deposits within the Lena catchment. Based on our newly calculated soil-derived POM Δ14C values, we propose an isotopic range for the riverine soil-derived POM end member with Δ14C of −495 ± 153 ‰ deduced from our δ13C-based binary mixing model and δ13C of −26.6 ± 1 ‰ deduced from our data of Lena Delta soils and literature values. These estimates can help to improve the dual-carbon-isotope simulations used to quantify contributions from riverine soil POM, Pleistocene IC POM from coastal erosion, and marine POM in Siberian shelf sediments.
A sub-canopy structure for simulating oil palm in the Community Land Model: phenology, allocation and yield
Authors: Fan Y. , Roupsard O. , Bernoux M. , Le Maire G. , Panferov O. , Kotowska M. M. , Knohl A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Land surface modelling has been widely used to characterize the two-way interactions between climate and human activities in terrestrial ecosystems such as deforestation, agricultural expansion, and urbanization. Towards an effort to quantify the effects of forests to oil palm conversion occurring in the tropics on land–atmosphere carbon, water and energy fluxes, we introduce a new perennial crop plant functional type (PFT) for oil palm. Due to the modular and sequential nature of oil palm growth (around 40 stacked phytomers) and yield (fruit bunches axillated on each phytomer), we developed a specific sub-canopy structure for simulating palm's growth and yield within the framework of the Community Land Model (CLM4.5). In this structure each phytomer has its own prognostic leaf growth and fruit yield capacity like a PFT but with shared stem and root components among all phytomers. Phenology and carbon and nitrogen allocation operate on the different phytomers in parallel but at unsynchronized steps, so that multiple fruit yields per annum are enabled in terms of carbon and nitrogen outputs. An important phenological phase is identified for the palm PFT – the storage growth period of bud and "spear" leaves which are photosynthetically inactive before expansion. Agricultural practices such as transplanting, fertilization, and leaf pruning are represented. Parameters introduced for the new PFT were calibrated and validated with field measurements of leaf area index (LAI) and yield from Sumatra, Indonesia. In calibration with a mature oil palm plantation, the cumulative yields from 2005 to 2014 matched perfectly between simulation and observation (mean percentage error = 4 %). Simulated inter-annual dynamics of PFT-level and phytomer-level LAI were both within the range of field measurements. Validation from eight independent oil palm sites shows the ability of the model to adequately predict the average leaf growth and fruit yield across sites but also indicates that seasonal dynamics and site-to-site variability of yield are driven by processes not yet implemented in the model. The new sub-canopy structure and phenology and allocation functions now allow exploring the effects of tropical land use change, from natural ecosystems to oil palm plantations, on carbon, water and energy cycles and regional climate.
John F. Kennedy and Constitutional Aspects of Presidential Succession
Authors: Ernst Julia L
Published: June 2015

None
The Meaning of “Other Paper” in 28 U.S.C. § 1446 after the JVCA
Authors: Pittman Caleb
Published: June 2015

None
Educating Student Managerial Leaders: What Critical Behaviors Should Be Developed?
Authors: Peterson Tim O. , Peterson Claudette M.
Published: June 2015

If we want student leaders to be prepared for the workforce, we need to develop their managerial leadership behaviors while they are in school. Peterson and Peterson (2012) identified a set of critical managerial leadership behaviors that should be taught while students are in college. However, the empirical work was done at a single Southwest university. This manuscript replicates the Peterson and Peterson study at a Midwest university. In addition, it extends the research by having the subjects rank order the managerial leadership behaviors they initially selected. The results identify a set of managerial leadership behaviors that could be taught and practiced by student leaders while they are still in a university setting. These students could then enter the workforce prepared to lead and manage.
The Problem of Alienation in Objective Spatiality
Authors: Loewen Gregory Victor
Published: June 2015

Globalization has created an immense sense of objectivity in the world. We find the differences between cultures foreshortened, others more recognizable and less alien, other places more like our own, and transactions and contracts more and more adhering to the specifically acultural denomination of capital. But external spatiality and the actions within it are not the only places of generalization and alienation. The agora of public space has been internalized to the extent that we as subjects feel ourselves to be more confident of our objectivity in worldly relations. The paper questions the assumptions and analyses the structures that lay behind the link between a global externality and our sense that the world can be a wider home for our personhood and individuated beings.
Aplicação da análise causa raiz como ferramenta na gestão de segurança hospitalar
Authors: Novaretti Marcia Cristina Zago
Published: June 2015

Errors may occur in any institution, involving any professional and, in most of the cases, are preventable. The objective of this case study is to demonstrate that errors can be minimized when analyzed by an interdisciplinary team. Root cause analysis (RCA) was used in 49 events related to medication errors and canceled surgeries occurred in 2013 in a public hospital. We implemented 29 corrective actions, 30 work routines, reduced in 29% the notification number of surgery undertaken and zero out the notification regarding failure packaging. The RCA works in an interdisciplinary way includes people who hold knowledge about the processes involved in error events and people with different levels of experience and training. This study focuses on systems and work processes and not on individual performance. The RCA characteristic is to ask what, why and how the fact happened. It is recognized that the RCA methodology has limitations, but the benefits that can be derived from it due to its critical thinking concerning each incident and the implementation of corrective actions, as well as its preventive and not punitive character, outweigh its weaknesses. Therefore, the suggestion is to use it to minimize the risks of an institution.
Processo de escolha da melhor localização de unidades operacionais móveis: uma aplicação da técnica processo de análise hierárquica – AHP
Authors: Bandeira Denise Lindstrom , Becker João Luiz , Eichenberg Thiago Ramires
Published: June 2015

This paper presents the application of the Analytic Hierarchic Process (AHP) technique in helping a decision-making process of a young and small sized company that developed and currently make use of a new mobile technology for the heat treatment of wooden packaging and pallets. The decision process comprised choosing the best combination of locations to place the company’s three operational bases. As the heat treatment service must always be provided at the customers’ premises, this decision is crucial to the company survival, as well as for its growth, as it influences a large number of important variables, such as operational costs, supply and training of skilled manpower, response time to costumer’s requests, and others. The company’s portfolio of clients is rising firmly because of the innovative technology used in the process of sterilization. It is currently formed by more than 50 customers spread within a 100,000 square miles area. For the CEO, thinking exclusively in terms of costs appeared to be insufficient. That’s why the AHP was able to provide relevant inputs in this case, by incorporating other factors beyond the purely financial view in its analysis. The factors involved, their hierarchical structure and relative weights, were generated in consensus by the company’s managers and executives’ opinion.
Regulação econômica do setor petrolífero no Brasil: análise das ações da ANP no período de 1997 a 2008
Authors: Campos Antonio Carlos de , Camacho Daniela Toyotan
Published: June 2015

The Brazilian oil sector during the 90s, underwent a significant change in function of relaxing the state monopoly, allowing the entry of private and state companies for the development of the entire production process oil. So, there was a need to regulate this sector, with the purpose of designing an efficient and competitive. Therefore, this study was to investigate and analyze the process of regulating the oil industry in the Brazilian context, from 1997 to 2008, through its regulatory agency, the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP). As methodological procedure addressed the economic regulation in Brazil and the role of the regulatory agency of the oil sector, using data from this regulatory agency. Observed in the initial production of oil, exploration and oil production, the ANP regulates the entry of firms in this sector through a bidding process. The phase of transport and refining presented being less competitive, with the supervision of the ANP. In the final step distribution and resale there was highly competitive, with this regulatory agency monitoring the quality of petroleum products and prices in the market.
“History Is a Verb: We Learn It Best When We Are Doing It!”: French and English Canadian Prospective Teachers and History
Authors: Lévesque Stéphane , Zanazanian Paul
Published: June 2015

This article presents the results of a Canadian study of prospective history teachers conducted in 2012-2013. Using an online questionnaire to assess a broad range of questions pertaining to their knowledge of history, their trust in historical sources, their experiences in high school and university classes, and their views about school history, it offers new empirical evidence on how the growing generation of Canadian teachers are prepared for the teaching profession. Implications of this study for teacher education and practice teaching are also presented.