bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Islamic Modernism to Traditional Islam: The Impact of Conflict on the Shifting of Religious Authority in Aceh
Authors: Alkaf M. , Abdullah Irwan , Qodir Zuly , Jubba Hasse
Published: July 2022

This article discusses the impact of conflict on the shifting of religious authority in Aceh. It aims to complement the limitation of current studies, which emphasize conflict as a struggle for natural resources, a means for regional identity, and an effort to develop central-regional power relations. However, the conflict also generates the shift of religious authority, in particular, from modernist Islam to traditional Islam. Data were collected from literature and other related secondary sources. This study found that religious contestations, between the modernist and the traditional Islam groups, have begun in the early 20th century. It used to be a space for religious discourse; hence, it turned into a protracted social and armed conflict. It began with a social revolution, which led the modernist scholars in charge. Nevertheless, the involvement of the modernist ulama in the Darul Islam rebellion affected their influence. The shift in authority began to emerge by the raising of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) rebellion. During post-Darul Islam, traditional ulama occupied rural communities, and they confronted the GAM in society, as they were involved in bureaucracy. The modernist Islam groups strengthen their position in bureaucracy or seek input from other modernist Islam groups.
El desarrollo de las micro y pequeña empresa (MYPES) comerciales minoristas y su relación con las fuentes de financiamiento, mercado Plaza Villa Sur del distrito de Villa El Salvador, 2020
Authors:   , Mercado Millan Herminio Esmin
Published: July 2022

La razón de este estudio fue determinar si existe relación entre el desarrollo de las micro y pequeñas empresas (Mypes) comerciales minoristas y las fuentes de financiamiento del mercado Plaza Villa Sur del distrito de Villa el Salvador, 2020; buscando caracterizar la relación existente entre ambas variables. La investigación es de naturaleza no experimental, descriptiva y correlacional, emplea una técnica cuantitativa; la población incluyó 735 pequeñas y medianas, aplicando el muestreo probabilístico se obtuvo una muestra de 252 Mypes. Cabe mencionar que el desarrollo de las Mypes y las fuentes de financiamiento, se ha analizado mediante tres niveles: “bajo, medio y alto”, a partir de evaluar lo registrado se revelan que el desarrollo de las Mypes y las fuentes de financiamiento formal e informal se encuentran en un nivel medio del 91.7%. De acuerdo a lo precisado por el análisis de correlación de Spearman, se descubrió que existe una correlación positiva y sustancial entre las variables.
Tiempo de espera en consultorios externos, y su asociación con la satisfacción, en pacientes del Hospital de Apoyo Pedro Tapia Marcelo de Huarmey - Ancash, 2019
Authors:   , Meza Sevillano Yuliana Diana Margory , Calderon Diaz Rosario Del Carmen
Published: July 2022

El propósito del estudio fue analizar la asociación del tiempo de espera en los consultorios con la satisfacción de los usuarios del Hospital de apoyo Pedro Tapia Marcelo, Región Ancash. Utilizando el método cuantitativo, no experimental, de diseño descriptivo, y nivel correlacional. Se utilizó una muestra de 214 pacientes, a través la aplicación del cuestionario. En el análisis de los resultados se muestra que, el 30% de los pacientes se siente muy insatisfechos con el tiempo que deben esperar para ser admitidos en el Hospital. No obstante, para el 25% de los entrevistados la atención médica es regular. En ese sentido, el 12% manifestó que, al presentarse problemas, la solución del mismo fue muy deficiente, mientras que, para el 31% se resolvieron de manera regular. Por lo tanto, se muestra una asociación entre el tiempo para agendar la cita y la percepción de agrado del paciente. También, se asocia significativamente el tiempo estimado para la programación de la cita, con el tiempo para ser atendido por el médico, el tiempo de permanencia en la consulta; y la satisfacción del paciente. Sin embargo, el tiempo de espera general no muestra asociación con satisfacción en proporción al servicio recibido.
The Effect of Weighting Agents on Sandstone Formation Damage from Water-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors: Al-Mujalhem M. Q. , Rady A. K.
Published: July 2022

Chemical properties of a fluid used in oil and gas drilling operations are critical as they directly affect drilling performance and, most importantly, formation damage in production zones. The increased requirement for high-density fluids to maintain deeper, more complex well trajectories may translate to an increase in drilling fluid solids content when brine-weighted fluids are not compatible or readily available, as more weighting materials are added to increase density and control formation pressures. However, these weighting agents can also plug pores and cause formation damage, leading to significantly reduced productivity and the need for remediation. The objective of this study is twofold: To evaluate and compare solids invasion and damage characteristics and performance of different weighting materials in water-based reservoir drilling fluids (RDFs) and to study the solubility behavior of micronized ilmenite in different acid systems. Several fluid systems were prepared using weighting agents differing in size, morphology, and chemical nature, primarily American Petroleum Institute (API) barite, micronized barite, and micronized ilmenite. Rheological properties were measured and high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) static filtration experiments were conducted to investigate filtration behavior and filter-cake thickness. A modified coreflood setup was used to simulate dynamic drilling conditions downhole and accurately measure the effect of solids on formation damage. Computed tomography (CT) scan analysis provided the extent of the damage associated with each weighting agent. Within the scope of the study and limits of the experimental setup, results showed that the formation damage created by micronized ilmenite is much lower, compared to API and micronized barite in Bandera, Berea, and Boise sandstones. HP/HT solubility reactions with different blends of acids were monitored. The best acid system was tested with a complete drilling fluid system using the mud loop to ensure the ability to remediate damage from drilling operations.
Improving the Red-Black tree delete algorithm
Authors: ZEGOUR Djamel Eddine
Published: July 2022

Today, Red-Black trees are becoming a popular data structure typically used to implement dictionaries, associative arrays, symbol tables within some compilers (C++, Java …) and many other systems. In this paper, we present an improvement of the delete algorithm of this kind of binary search tree. The proposed algorithm is very promising since it colors differently the tree while reducing color changes by a factor of about 29%. Moreover, the maintenance operations re-establishing Red-Black tree balance properties are reduced by a factor of about 11%. As a consequence, the proposed algorithm saves about 4 % on running time when insert and delete operations are used together while conserving search performance of the standard algorithm.
Risk factors of pregnancy outcome in patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Zhao Kaixun , Yang Ziyang , Zhou Yin , Xie Nanshan , Lai Disheng , Zhang Caojin
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to explore the factors affecting the pregnancy outcome of patients with pulmonary hypertension, and to design a digital model predicting the pregnancy outcome of patients and judge whether patients have the conditions to continue pregnancy. METHODS: The clinical data of patients with pregnancy complicated with pulmonary hypertension hospitalized in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The severity of pulmonary hypertension, the structural and functional indexes measured by echocardiography were compared, and the effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 158 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that tricuspid regurgitation velocity (P<0.001), right ventricular diameter (P<0.05), right atrial diameter (P<0.05), pulmonary artery diameter (P<0.001) and cardiac function classification (P<0.001) were risk factors for maternal outcomes; Tricuspid regurgitation velocity (P<0.001) and structural changes of right heart were risk factors for neonatal outcomes. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, tricuspid regurgitation velocity (P<0.001), cardiac function (P<0.05) and superior inferior diameter of right atrium (P<0.05) were significant risk factors for maternal outcomes, while tricuspid regurgitation velocity (P<0.001) and superior inferior diameter of right atrium (P<0.05) were significant risk factors for neonatal outcomes. Using significant risk factors, a risk score system was established to predict the pregnancy outcome. CONCLUSION: in this study, we analyzed the clinical data of patients with pregnancy complicated with pulmonary hypertension in our hospital in recent years, and found that the changes of right heart structure (the acceleration of tricuspid regurgitation velocity, and the increase of right atrium, right ventricular diameter, right ventricular outflow tract anteroposterior diameter and main pulmonary artery diameter), are influencing factors of pregnancy outcomes in patients with pulmonary hypertension. In addition, we preliminarily designed a risk score through multi factor analysis, which is helpful to predict the possible outcome of puerperium and neonatal outcomes of patients, and to provide some reference for clinicians and patients to make decisions on whether to continue pregnancy in clinical practice.
Known risk factors of the developmental dysplasia of the hip predicting more severe clinical presentation and failure of Pavlik harness treatment
Authors: Lankinen Vilma , Bakti Karim , Helminen Mika , Väli-Pakka Jarmo , Laivuori Hannele , Hyvärinen Anna
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) varies from mild instability of the hip to subluxation or total dislocation of the joint. Well-known risk factors of DDH include pre-natal breech position, female sex, positive family history, hip side, primiparity and the mode of delivery. Aim of the present study was to further evaluate known risk-factors of DDH, find associations with more severe dysplasia (characterized with Ortolani positivity) and find risk factors of failure of the Pavlik harness treatment. Material and methods. All children with the diagnosis of DDH treated in Tampere University hospital in the years 1998-2018 were retrospectively identified for the study and the data was collected from the medical records. Total of 948 patients were included.Results. Breech presentation was strongly associated with Ortolani positivity (p<0.001). Among breech born infants C-section was strongly associated with Ortolani positivity (p<0.001) (OR 1.833, CI95% 1.332-2.524), whereas vaginal delivery was not (p=0.420). Breech presentation was not associated with ending up for spica casting and/or operative treatment (p=0.849) despite the association with Ortolani positivity.Ortolani positivity (p=0.002), positive family history (p=0.013) and primiparity (p=0.048) were associated with ending up for spica casting and/or operative treatment. Conclusion. Breech presentation seems to increase the risk of Ortolani positive DDH. However, these infants are likely to recover with initially started Pavlik harness treatment, as it was not associated with elevated risk for undergoing more robust treatments. Positive family history is associated with the most severe cases of developmental dysplasia of the hip, and it may predispose to the failure of the Pavlik harness treatment.
Evaluation of landslide susceptibility based on VW-AHP-IV model: a case of Pengyang County, Ningxia, China
Authors: Li Minghong , Ma Chuanming , Qiu Yang , Xiong Hanxiang , Zhang Zechen
Published: July 2022

Landslide is one of the most common and severe geological disasters, which significantly endangers people's lives and properties. Therefore, the evaluation of landslide susceptibility in a specific area is important for disaster control and mitigation. This paper selected Pengyang County as the study area. It divided the indicator state levels, and further assigned a score for each indicator according to the related information values (IV) based on the analysis of graded area ratio and landslide occurrence frequency distribution. Because the solo analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method always causes large errors during the weight determination, a variable-weight based weighted information value (VW-AHP-IV) model was applied in this paper for landslide susceptibility evaluation. The study area was classified into four grades by the natural breakpoint method: high susceptibility area (11.80%), medium susceptibility area (29.23%), low susceptibility area (42.45%) and very low susceptibility area (16.52%). In addition, this paper also discussed the influences of precipitation and human activities. According to the evaluation results and discussion, the study area was classified into three prevention and control areas: focus prevention and control area, sub-focus prevention and control area, and general prevention and control area. For each area, the corresponding prevention and control suggestions were proposed in order to reduce the occurrence of landslide disasters.
Design and Analysis of Novel High-Performance III-Nitride MQW-based Nanowire White-LED using HfO2/SiO2 Encapsulation
Authors: Das Samadrita , Lenka Trupti Ranjan , Talukdar Fazal A , Velpula Ravi Teja , Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung
Published: July 2022

A novel, white light-emitting diode structure with improved thermal characteristics is designed for providing efficient light which may be used especially in the underground mining environment. It describes a new nano-hafnium oxide-silica based LED encapsulation material that promises enhanced package LED efficiency by 29.05% and indicates a reduction in the efficiency droop (0.491%). The enhanced power and efficiency of the LED with HfO2/SiO2-doped bi-layer are attributed to the significant minimization of overflow of electrons which is fundamentally responsible for efficiency degradation through p-GaN region. In this article encapsulant material based on nano- HfO2/SiO2 not only enhances light extraction but opens a broad new range of encapsulant engineering capabilities composites. Our designed LED is generated from a monolithic composition of blue and yellow spectrum which eventually creates the white light. This minimizes the problems related to multiple numbers of LEDs, green gap and phosphor color rendering.
Moderating effects of uric acid and gender on non-motor symptoms in asymmetric Parkinson's disease
Authors: Peron Julie , Constantin Ioana , Voruz Philippe
Published: July 2022

The interplay between uric acid, gender, and motor symptom asymmetry in the manifestation of non-motor symptomatology (NMS) remains to be better understood in early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD). A total of 413 patients taking part in the Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative were divided into six groups based on their motor symptom asymmetry and gender. Clinical data was extracted over a 5-year follow-up period. Three-way interaction modeling was used to examine the moderating effects of gender and UA in the relationship between motor symptom asymmetry and NMS. The results highlighted significant moderating effects of uric acid on NMS in female PD patients, but not in male PD patients. Furthermore, female patients with right-sided motor symptom onset demonstrated the most preserved NMS functioning in the presence of lower serum uric acid levels, while their male counterparts showed the most impairment. This holds important clinical implications for symptom management in early-stage PD patients.
Removal of Cesium and Strontium for radioactive wastewater by Prussian blue nanorods
Authors: Yao Chuqing , Dai Yaodong , Chang Shuquan , Zhang Haiqian
Published: July 2022

In this work, novel Prussian blue tetragonal nanorods were prepared by template-free solvothermal methods for removal of radionuclide Cs and Sr. It was worth that Prussian blue nanorods exhibited the better adsorption performance than co-precipitation PB or Prussian blue analogue composites. Thermodynamic analysis implied that adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic which was described well with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order equation, the maximum adsorption capacity of PB nanorod was estimated to be 194.26 mg g− 1 and 256.62 mg g− 1 for Cs+ and Sr2+. The adsorption mechanism of Cs+ and Sr2+ was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and 57Fe Mössbaure spectroscopy, the results revealed that Cs+ entered in PB crystal to generate a new phase, the most of Sr2+ was trapped in internal crystal and the other exchanged Fe2+. Furthermore, the effect of co-existing ions and pH for PB adsorption process were also investigated. The results suggest that PB nanorods were outstanding candidate for removal of Cs+ and Sr2+ from radioactive wastewater.
Selection of outsourcing logistics providers in the context of low-carbon strategies: A grey-VIKOR method and its application
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Wang Xiaomin , Ren Xiaohang
Published: July 2022

As more attention is given to climate change and sustainable development, enterprises start to care about carbon emissions related to their supply chains. One important issue faced by an enterprise is to select a logistics provider who can provide a high-quality service with low carbon levels. To solve this issue, this paper firstly proposes selection criteria from the perspective of low carbon levels. The selection criteria are based on comprehensive strength, financial status, market competitiveness, development potential and low carbon level. Next, this paper applies an information entropy VIKOR model to evaluate the proposed selection criteria. Subsequently, in order to check the applicability of our proposed selection model and to illustrate how to use the selection model, this paper took S company and its four logistics providers as a case study. Related suggestions are also proposed based on the evaluation results. One finding of this paper is to establish a decision-making framework to evaluate logistics suppliers in an environment using low-carbon level criteria.
Pharmacological evaluation of Embelin in Benzo[α]pyrene induced experimental model of cognitive and memory impairment in mice
Authors: Goal Akansh , Singh Shamsher , Raj Khadga , Arora Ripmi
Published: July 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the neurons in the hippocampus, resulting in cognitive and memory impairment. The production of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation in neurons are the most prominent clinical characteristics of AD. It has been proven that Embelin (Emb) possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, we assessed the therapeutic potential of Emb in Benzo(α)pyrene (BaP)-induced cognitive impairment in experimental mice. BaP (5 mg/kg, i.p) was given to mice daily for 28 days, and Emb (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p) was given for 14 days after the BaP treatment. Locomotor activity was evaluated using open-field and spatial working, and non-spatial memory was evaluated using novel object recognition tasks (NORT), Morris water maze (MWM), and Y- maze. At the end of the study, the animal tissue homogenate was used to check biochemicals, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter changes. BaP treated mice showed a significant declined in locomotor activity, learning and memory deficits and augmented oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, nitrite and GSH). Further, BaP promoted the release of inflammatory tissue markers, decreased acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, serotonin and norepinephrine and increased glutamate concentration. However, treatment with embelin at dose-dependently prevented biochemical changes, improved antioxidant levels, reduced neuroinflammation, restored neurotransmitter concentration and inhibited the NF-κB pathway. The current study's finding suggested that Emb improved cognitive functions through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective mechanisms and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities and Aβ-42 accumulation.
Does invasion science encompass the invaded range? A comparison of the geographies of invasion science versus management in the U.S.
Authors: Munro Lara , Griffin Bridget , Laginhas Brittany , Bradley Bethany A.
Published: July 2022

Biases in invasion science have led to a taxonomic focus on plants, particularly a subset of well-studied plants, and a geographic focus on invasions in Europe and North America. Geographic biases could also cause invasion science to focus on a subset of the invaded range, potentially leading to an incomplete understanding of the ecology and management of plant invasions. While broader, country-level geographic biases are well known, it is unclear whether these biases extend to a finer scale and thus affect insights within the invaded range. This study assessed whether research sites for ten well-studied invasive plants in the U.S. are geographically biased relative to each species’ known invaded range. We compared the distribution, climate, and land uses of research sites for 735 scientific articles to manager records from EDDMapS and iMap Invasives representing the invaded range. We attributed each study to one of five types: impact, invasive trait, mapping, management, and recipient community traits. While the number of research sites was much smaller than the number of manager records, they generally encompassed similar geographies. However, research sites tended to skew towards species’ warm range margins. For all but one species, at least one study type encompassed a significantly different climate space from manager records, suggesting that some level of climatic bias is common. Impact and management studies occurred within the same climate space for all species, suggesting that these studies focus on similar areas – likely those with the greatest impacts and management needs. Manager records were more likely to be found near roads, which are both habitats and vectors for invasive plants, and on public land. Research sites were more likely to be found near a college or university. Overall, we did not find evidence for substantial geographic biases in research studies of these well-studied species, suggesting that researchers are generally doing a good job of exploring the impacts, traits, and management implications of invasions across the extents of the invaded range. However, the consistent climatic biases and spatial clustering of specific study types suggests that researchers and managers should use caution when developing inference for understudied geographic areas.
Sex differences in inflammation in the hippocampus and amygdala across the lifespan associations with cognitive bias
Authors: Hodges Travis E. , Lieblich Stephanie E. , Rechlin Rebecca K. , Galea Liisa A.M.
Published: July 2022

Background: Cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder, such as negative cognitive bias, are more prevalent in women than in men. Cognitive bias involves pattern separation which requires hippocampal neurogenesis and is modulated by inflammation in the brain. Previously, we found sex differences in the activation of the amygdala and the hippocampus in response to negative cognitive bias that varied with age. Given the association of cognitive bias to neurogenesis and inflammation, we examined associations between cognitive bias, neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and cytokine and chemokine levels in the ventral hippocampus (HPC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) of males and females across the lifespan. Results: After cognitive bias testing, males had more IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 in the ventral HPC than females in adolescence. In young adulthood, females had more IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in the BLA than males. Middle-aged rats had more IL-13, TNF-α, and CXCL1 in both regions than younger groups. Neurogenesis in the dorsal hippocampus was negatively associated with negative cognitive bias in young adult males. Conclusions: Overall, the association between negative cognitive bias, hippocampal neurogenesis, and inflammation in the brain differs by age and sex. Hippocampal neurogenesis and inflammation may play greater role in the cognitive bias of young males compared to a greater role of BLA inflammation in adult females. These findings lay the groundwork for the discovery of sex-specific novel therapeutics that target region-specific inflammation in the brain and hippocampal neurogenesis.
Shared and distinct neural correlates of first and second language morphological processing in bilingual brain
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Gao Fei , Hua Lin , Paulo Armada-da-Silva , Zhang Juan , Li Defeng , Chen Zhiyi , Du Meng
Published: July 2022

While morphology constitutes a crucial component for linguistic and psycholinguistic theories as well as the human language faculty, the neural bases of morphological processing in the human brain remains to be elucidated. This current study aims at exploring the extent to which the second language (L2) morphological processing would resemble or differ from that of their first language (L1) in adult Chinese-English bilinguals. Bilingual participants were asked to complete a morphological priming lexical decision task drawing on derivational morphology, which is present for both Chinese and English, when their electrophysiological and optical responses were recorded concurrently. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) revealed a neural dissociation between morphological and semantic priming effects in the left fronto-temporal network, while L1 Chinese engaged enhanced activation in the left prefrontal cortex for morphological parsing relative to L2 English. In the early stage of lexical processing, cross-language morphological processing manifested a difference in degree, not in kind, as revealed by the early left anterior negativity (ELAN) effect. In addition, L1 and L2 shared both early and late structural parsing processes (P250 and 300 ~ 500 ms negativity, respectively). Therefore, the current results support a unified competition model for bilingual development, where bilinguals would primarily employ L1 neural resources for L2 morphological representation and processing.
Telemedicine in the treatment of gestational diabetes: pregnancy outcomes and maternal satisfaction.
Authors: Montori Sara , Lugli Francesca , Monesi Marcello , Scutiero Gennaro , Greco Pantaleo , Verteramo Rosita
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE The treatment of gestational diabetes requires several outpatient visits, from diagnosis until delivery, to prevent maternal and fetal complications associated to hyperglycemia. In literature there is poor evidence about the telemedicine systems superiority in improving pregnancy outcomes, in women with gestational diabetes.The aim of the study is to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes and the degree of satisfaction in gestational diabetes treatment, through exclusive telemedicine versus outpatient follow-up.METHODS 62 consecutive women with gestational diabetes were recruited by the Diabetology Unit of Ferrara: 29 randomized to a weekly remote control (telemedicine group); 33 checked in presence every two or three weeks (conventional group). To assess satisfaction with diabetes care, 58 women replied postpartum to the modified Oxford Maternity Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire.RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found in most of the obstetric and neonatal clinical parameters evaluated in both groups. The analysis of the questionnaire answers showed favorable scores in all areas explored. Telemedicine follow-up makes women feel more controlled (P= 0.007) and fits better to their lifestyle (P = 0.001). It also emerged that almost all women treated with telemedicine would recommend this method to a relative or a friend.CONCLUSION Telemedicine follow-up proved to be safe both on metabolic control and pregnancy outcomes; furthermore, it significantly decreases outpatient visits and increases women satisfaction. Studying the impact of telemedicine is also necessary, considering the difficulties associated with the Sars-COV-2 pandemic. In the future, it is desirable to expand the cohort of patients.
Corticostriatal projections relying on GABA levels encode exercise-induced functional recovery in cerebral ischemic mice
Authors: Xing Ying , Zhang Anjing , Li Congqin , Han Jing , Wang Jun , Luo Lu , Chang Xuechun , Tian Zhanzhuang , Bai Yulong
Published: July 2022

Stroke is a neurological disorder characterized by high disability and death worldwide. The occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) supplying the motor cortical regions and its projection pathways regions can either kill the cortical neurons or block their projections to the spinal cord and subcortical structure. The cerebral cortex is the main striatal afferent, and the medium spiny neurons of the striatum have been identified as the major output neurons projecting to substantia nigra and pallidum. Thus, disconnection of the corticostriatal circuit often occurs in the model of MCAO. In this study, we hypothesize that striatal network dysfunction in cerebral ischemic mice ultimately modulates the activity of striatal projections from cortical neurons to improve dysfunction during exercise training. In this study, we observed that corticostriatal circuit originating from glutamatergic neurons can partially medicate improvement of motor and anxiety-like behavior in mice with exercise. Furthermore, exercise or activation of a single optogenetic corticostriatal circuit can increase the striatal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level. Using the GABA-A receptor antagonist, bicuculline, we further identified that the glutamatergic projection of the cortex in the striatum relies on activity of GABAergic synapse to modulate exercise-induced functional recovery. Overall, those results reveal that the dorsal striatum-projecting subpopulation of cortical glutamatergic neurons can influence GABA levels in the striatum, playing a critical role in modulating exercise-induced improvement of motor and anxiety-like behavior.
The interaction of CO2 concentrations and water availability on organic acids in root exudates of native Australian species
Authors: Hasegawa Shun , Ryan Megan H , Power Sally A
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Root exudation of organic acids (OAs) facilitates plant P uptake from soil, playing a key role in rhizosphere nutrient economy. However, OA exudation responses to elevated CO2 concentrations (eCO2) and water availability remain largely untested.Methods: We examined the interactive effects of CO2 and water on OA exudates in three Australian woodland species: Eucalyptus tereticornis, Hakea sericea and Microlaena stipoides. Seedlings were grown in a glasshouse in low P soil, exposed to CO2 (400 ppm [aCO2] or 540 ppm [eCO2]) and water treatments (100% water holding capacity [high-watered] or 25–50% water holding capacity [low-watered]). After six weeks, we collected OAs from rhizosphere soil (OArhizo) and trap solutions in which washed roots were immersed (OAexuded). Results: For E. tereticornis, the treatments changed OArhizo composition, driven by increased malic acid exposed to eCO2 and increased oxalic acid in low-watered plants. For H. sericea, low-watered plants had higher OAexuded per plant (+116%) and lower OArhizo per unit root mass (–77%) associated with larger root mass but fewer cluster roots. For M. stipoides, eCO2 increased OAexuded per plant (+107%) and per unit root mass (+160%), while low-watered plants had higher citric and lower malic acids for OArhizo and OAexuded: changes in OA amounts and composition driven by malic acid were positively associated with soil P availability under eCO2.Conclusion: We conclude that eCO2 and altered water availability shifted OAs in root exudates, modifying plant–soil interactions and the associated carbon and nutrient economy.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin monitoring reveals persistent subclinical kidney injury following intraarterial administration of iodinated contrast agents
Authors: Scridon Alina , Somkereki Cristina , Nicoară Tunde Renata , Oprica Mădălina , Demian Liliana
Published: July 2022

Background
Clinically overt contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most feared complications in patients exposed to iodinated contrast media and has been extensively studied over the years. Meanwhile, the incidence and evolution of subclinical contrast-induced kidney injury remain elusive. With the continuous increase in the number of patients that are repeatedly exposed to contrast media, elucidating these issues is of critical importance. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the incidence and the evolution of clinical and subclinical kidney injury in patients exposed to contrast media.
Methods
A total of 178 patients who underwent elective percutaneous angioplasty procedures were evaluated prospectively. Serum creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were evaluated pre-procedurally, 48 hours and 1 month after administration of contrast media. The evolution of creatinine and NGAL levels was analyzed at the three time points, and the potential predictors of contrast-induced clinical and subclinical renal injury were evaluated.
Results
Clinically overt CIN occurred in 10 (5.6%) patients. Baseline serum creatinine and the volume of contrast media were the only independent predictors of CIN and in all 10 patients creatinine levels returned to baseline by 1 month (p = 0.32). Subclinical contrast-induced kidney injury was much more common, affecting 32 (17.9%) patients, was only predicted by the baseline serum creatinine, and persisted in 53.1% of patients after one month.
Conclusions
This study showed that whereas clinically overt CIN is rather rare and regressive, subclinical contrast-induced kidney injury is considerably more frequent, affecting almost 18% of patients that receive intraarterial contrast media. More importantly, subclinical kidney injury persisted after 1 month in more than 50% of the initially affected patients, who may thus be at increased risk for further renal impairment, particularly if exposed to nephrotoxic agents or repeated administration of contrast media.
Thermal states of exfoliated gC3N4 embedded coral-shaped ZrO2 nanoparticles as a robust emissive layer for OLED application
Authors: Bauri Jayanta , Choudhary Ram Bilash
Published: July 2022

Metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (gC3N4) is proving as a growing star of the carbon nitride family due to its glamorous electrical, optical, and thermal properties. Blending of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) semiconductor with different weight percentage improves the properties of the pure gC3N4. In this work, we used the ultrasonic sound wave method to synthesize gC3N4/ZrO2 nanocomposite. Characterization techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transforms infrared microscopy (FTIR), UV-visible, and photoluminescence were used to characterize the as-synthesized gC3N4, ZrO2, and gC3N4/ZrO2 nanocomposite. The XRD measurement method confirmed the crystalline nature and determined the average particle size of the composite. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to examine the presence of functional groups in synthesized materials. Bandgap energy of 2.98 eV and light absorbed in the range of 250 nm - 450 nm was recorded by UV visible spectroscopy. Photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed photon emission in the range 450 nm -530 nm of the synthesized materials. Dielectric constant, refractive index (n=1.5), and electrical conductivity (2.63 × 10-3 S/cm) were computed using LCR meter and I-V graph. Lower dielectric constant, refractive index, optimized optical band gap energy, and higher electron-hole recombination rate of gC3N4/ZrO2illustrated a successful emissive layer for organic light-emitting diode applications.
A Numerical Simulation for Improving the aerodynamics of a pickup truck by use of diffusers, spoilers, and bumps
Authors: Bahoosh Reza , Rohani Milad , Safarian Mohammadreza
Published: July 2022

A pickup's aerodynamics characteristic for reducing drag force and increasing negative lift is studied; this study is performed to reduce fuel consumption and increase stability. The external flow devices such as a diffuser and a spoiler on the model which can change the direction of the airflow around the pickup to the desired direction are utilized. A diffuser at the rear end of the pick-up is studied to examine the effect of change of its length and angle on the aerodynamics characteristic of the Pickup. A spoiler length at the roof of the pickup spoiler as well as the change of its angle and the double spoiler are investigated; besides, the effect of the Bump's height on the tailgate of the pickup is studied. As a result of adding these devices to the pickup, increasing the diffuser length and angle, the drag coefficient and negative lift coefficient increase. In addition, the drag coefficient and negative lift coefficient will decrease if the spoiler length is increased. But with increasing double spoiler angle, the drag coefficient and negative lift coefficient increase. finally the drag coefficient and negative lift coefficient decrease with the addition of bumps on the tailgate of the Pickup truck.
Crosstalk between ROCK1 and PYROXD1 regulates CAFs activation and promotes laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis
Authors: YANG Li-Yun , Qiao Peipei , Zhang Jianwei , Chen Xiaoping , Hu An , Huang Shuixian
Published: July 2022

We previously found the protein kinase ROCK1 actives CAFs to promote LSCC metastasis. Accumulating evidence indicates that the oxidoreductase PYROXD1 is an oncogene; however, the crosstalk between ROCK1 and PYROXD1 in LSCC metastasis is largely unknown. Here, we found that ROCK1 can target PYROXD1 and that knockdown of ROCK1 expression reduces the expression of PYROXD1, while knockdown of PYROXD1 expression cannot alter the expression of ROCK1; these results indicate that ROCK1 is upstream of PYROXD1. Furthermore, LSCC cells cocultured with PYROXD1-knockdown CAFs exhibit lower proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. Conversely, LSCC cells cocultured with PYROXD1-overexpressing CAFs show the opposite results. In conclusion, the crosstalk between ROCK1 and PYROXD1 regulates CAFs activation and promotes LSCC metastasis.
Correlation of Immune-inflammatory Response System (IRS) / Compensatory Immune-regulatory Reflex System (CIRS) with White Matter Integrity in First-Episode Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Gou Mengzhuang , Li Wei , Tong Jinghui , Zhou Yanfang , Xie Ting , Yu Ting , Feng Wei , Li Yanli , Chen Song , Tian Baopeng , Tan Shuping , Wang Zhiren , Pan Shujuan , Luo Xingguang , Li Chiang-Shan R. , Zhang Ping , Huang Junchao , Tian Li , Hong L. Elliot , Tan Yunlong
Published: July 2022

Several studies have reported compromised white matter integrity, and that some inflammatory mediators may underlie this functional dysconnectivity in brain of patients with schizophrenia. The immune-inflammatory response system and compensatory immune-regulatory reflex system (IRS/CIRS) are novel biomarkers for exploring the role of immune imbalance in the pathophysiological mechanism of schizophrenia. This study aimed to explore the little-known area regarding the composite score of peripheral cytokines, the IRS/CIRS, and its correlation with white matter integrity and the specific microstructures most affected in schizophrenia. First-episode patients with schizophrenia (FEPS, n = 94) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 50) were enrolled in this study. Plasma cytokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The whole brain white matter integrity was measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using a 3-T Prisma MRI scanner. The IRS/CIRS in FEPS was significantly higher than that in HCs (p = 1.5×10− 5) and Cohen’s d effect size was d = 0.74. FEPS had a significantly lower whole-brain white matter average FA (p = 0.032), which was negatively associated with IRS/CIRS (p = 0.029, adjusting for age, gender, years of education, BMI, and total intracranial volume), but not in the HCs (p > 0.05). Among the white matter microstructures, only the cortico-spinal tract was significantly correlated with IRS/CIRS in FEPS (r=-0.543, p = 0.0009). Therefore, elevated IRS/CIRS may affect the white matter in FEPS.
Cohort Profile: Real-Time Insights of COVID-19 in India (RTI COVID-India)
Authors: Banerjee Joyita , Petrosyan Sarah , Rao Abhijith R , Jacob Steffi , Khobragade Pranali Yogiraj , Weerman Bas , Chien Sandy , Angrisani Marco , Agarwal Arunika , Madan Nirupam , Dey Sharmistha , Schaner Simone , Bloom David E , Lee Jinkook , DEY AB
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic caused disruption globally and was particularly distressing in low- and middle-income countries such as India. This study aimed to provide population representative estimates of COVID-related outcomes in India over time and characterize how COVID-related changes and impacts differ by key socioeconomic groups across the life course.MethodsThe sample was leveraged from an existing nationally representative study on cognition and dementia in India: the Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD). The wave-1 of LASI-DAD enrolled 4,096 older adults aged 60 years and older in 3,316 households from 18 states and union territories of India. Out of the 3,316 LASI-DAD households, 2,704 households with valid phone numbers were contacted and invited to participate in the Real-Time Insights COVID-19 in India (RTI COVID-India) study. RTI COVID-India is a bi-monthly phone survey that provides insight into the individual’s knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour towards COVID-19 and changes in the household’s economic and health conditions throughout the pandemic. The survey was started in May,2020 and 8 rounds have been completed till date.Findings till dateOut of the 2,704 LASI-DAD households with valid phone numbers, 1,766 households participated in the RTI COVID-India survey at least once. Participants were in the age range of 16-102 years Using the first four waves of survey data, Schaner et al. (2022) reported a gradual decline in protective behaviours like mask wearing and hand washing alongside a more rapid decline in distancing behaviour with a 30% decline in social distancing observed over the first 4 survey waves. Furthermore, women and older adults showed less adherence to protective behaviour, likely due to lower levels of mobility.Future plansA nineth and final round of the study is underway to measure the economic and socio-behavioural changes in the aftermath of India’s Omicron wave. The study group will analyse the data collected showing the real-time changes throughout the pandemic and make them publicly available for researchers to conduct further studies.
Application of the game theory, on a suggested model of COVID-19 coronavirus transmission in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Al-Sayegh M. Al , Iqbal A. , Metwally N.
Published: July 2022

To control the spread of a pandemic, preventive measures such as vaccination and social distancing are used. In this contribution a suggested model is discussed by using the game theory, where a payoff function is constructed in terms of the players’ available strategies. The relative cost of each strategy determines the most appropriate strategy for people to implement. In the absence of social distancing, vaccination is chosen when its cost equals the risk of infection for non-vaccinated individuals compared to vaccinated individuals. In the absence of vaccination, social distancing is chosen when its cost equals the risk of infection when social distancing is not applied. In the case of both vaccination and social distancing, the optimal strategy is to apply vaccination regardless of its cost. Through vaccination, it is possible to create a societal immunity capable of confronting the spread of COVID-19 throughout Bahrain.
On the electrochemical NADH regeneration: Influence of electrode potential, pH and NAD+ concentration
Authors: Aamer Emad , Thöming Jorg , Baune Michael , Reimer Nicholas , Dringen Ralf , Romero Manuela , Bösing Ingmar
Published: July 2022

Electrochemical NAD+ reduction is a promising method to regenerate NADH for enzymatic reactions. Many different electrocatalysts have been tested in the search for high yields of the 1,4-isomer of NADH, the active NADH, but aside from electrode material, other system parameters such as pH, electrode potential and educt concentration also play a role in NADH regeneration. The effect of these last three parameters and the mechanisms behind their influence on NADH regeneration was systematically studied and presented in this paper. With percentages of active NADH ranging from 10% - to 70% and faradaic efficiencies between 1% and 30%, it is clear that all three system parameters drastically affect the reaction outcome. The optimised reaction conditions were applied to test the consumption of the regenerated NADH by an enzymatic reaction. Electrochemical NAD + reduction in the presence of pyruvate and lactate dehydrogenase revealed that the 1,4-isomer of NADH, the physiological substrate of oxidoreductases, accounted for around 45% of the detectable electrochemically regenerated NADH.
Developing a HBIM Shared Library for the Conservation of Jordan’s Heritage in the World Heritage City As-Salt and Capital City Amman
Authors: Aburamadan Rania , Trillo Claudia , Cotella Victoria Andrea , Perna Elena Di , Ncube Chiko , Moustaka Athena , Udeaja Chika , Awuah Kwasi Gyau Baffour
Published: July 2022

Jordan’s architectural heritage has gone through a long period of evolution and development: the result is a mixture of influences and traditions, from both Europe and the Middle East characterised by an optimal integration with the surrounding landscapes, making a great stride to conserve its buildings and historical heritage but has never adopted advanced technologies such as BIM. This is attributable to the lack of specialist training for the professionals within the sector, who remain unaware of the benefits that this methodology can offer. This paper aims to optimise the management process to remedy the natural loss and misplaced historical documentation of heritage over time by creating a 3D library of BIM objects related to typical elements of Jordanian and Arabic architecture, specifically the House of Art in Amman and the Qaqish House in the World Heritage City of As-Salt. This object database, represented through parametric BIM families (easily adaptable to any project of similar elements), will store information related to the geometry of individual objects, but also on the materials and their properties. By creating a library of 3D models of elements typical of the traditional Jordanian architecture, Jordan can acquire attractiveness on the part of tourists and art lovers, starting a chain reaction to get even more digital documentation and heritage conservation of the most historic cities in Jordan and, in general, in the Arabic world.