bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mild therapeutic hypothermia alleviated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via targeting SLC25A10 to suppress mitochondrial apoptosis
Authors: Ma Senlin , Song Yun , Xu Yanxin , Wang Chao , Yang Yifan , Zheng Yanchao , Lu Qiuxin , Chen Qingjiang , Wu Jian , Wang Bin , Chen Mingquan
Published: September 2023

Purpose
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) is identified as a severe vascular emergency and the treatment strategy of MI/RI still needs further improvement. The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) on MI/RI and underlying mechanisms.
Methods
In in vivoexperiments, rats were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury with MTH treatment. Cardiac function, myocardial injury, and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were determined. Total proteins of rat myocardium were obtained for LC-MS/MS analysis. In in vitro experiments, AC16 cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) with MTH treatment. The effects of MTH treatment on myocardial cell injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial apoptosis pathway induced by H/R were analyzed.
Results
In I/R rats, MTH treatment significantly improved the cardiac function and myocardial injury, and inhibited the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Meanwhile, MTH treatment also attenuated myocardial infarction size and alleviated myocardial structural damage induced by I/R. The results of proteomics identified SLC25A10 as the main target of MTH treatment. Consistently, the expressions of SLC25A10 in I/R rat myocardium and H/R cardiomyocytes were significantly suppressed, which was effectively reversed by MTH treatment. In H/R cardiomyocytes, MTH treatment significantly improved cell injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibited the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. As expected, SLC25A10 deletion partially abolished the protective effects of MTH treatment on H/R cardiomyocytes.
Conclusions
These findings suggested that MTH treatment could protect against MI/RI by modulating SLC25A10 expression to suppress mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, providing new theoretical basis for clinical application of MTH treatment for MI/RI.
E2F7 as a Dual Regulator of Tumor Suppression and Chemoresistance in Glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Meng Jiao , Qian Wei , Yang Zhenkun , Gong Lingli , Xu Daxing , Huang Hongbo , Jiang Xinyi , Pu Zhening , Yin Ying , Zou Jian
Published: September 2023

Background
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, and chemoresistance poses a significant challenge to the survival and prognosis of GBM. Although numerous regulatory mechanisms contributing to chemoresistance have been identified, many questions remain unanswered. This study aims to identify the mechanism of temozolomide (TMZ) resistant in GBM.
Methods
Since a temozolomide (TMZ) resistance model in vivo has been published in our group, the present study has employed transcriptome sequencing and experiments to analyze the function of E2F7 in GBM during the TMZ treatment, and the ChIPBase and PROMO database was used to explore the upregulators of E2F7 in TMZ resistance tumors, further in vivo and in vitro experiments are required to confirm the results.
Results
The study revealed that E2F7 was significantly upregulated in TMZ resistant tumors, high expression of E2F7 inhibited GBM tumorigenesis and growth, and promoted chemoresistance by reducing drug uptake and facilitating efflux. Furthermore, we observed increased phosphorylation and activation of the p53 protein in TMZ-resistant tumors, which directly contributed to the transcriptional upregulation of E2F7.
Conclusions
E2F7 serves as a poor prognostic indicator for GBM, and potentially plays a crucial role in promotion of TMZ resistance, and the activation of the p53 protein in these TMZ resistance, which directly contributed to the transcriptional upregulation of E2F7.
Zero-shot learning enables instant denoising and super-resolution
in optical fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Dai Qionghai , Qiao Chang , Zeng Yunmin , Meng Quan , Chen Xingye , Chen Haoyu , Jiang Tao , Wei Rongfei , Guo Jiabao , Fu Wenfeng , Lu Huaide , Li Di , Wang Yuwang , Qiao Hui , Wu Jiamin , Li Dong
Published: September 2023

Computational super-resolution (SR) methods, including conventional analytical algorithms and deep learning models, have substantially improved optical microscopy. Among them, supervised deep neural networks have demonstrated outstanding SR performance, however, demanding abundant high-quality training data, which are laborious and even impractical to acquire due to the high dynamics of living cells. Here, we develop zero-shot deconvolution networks (ZS-DeconvNet) that instantly enhance the resolution of microscope images by more than 1.5-fold over the diffraction limit with 10-fold lower fluorescence than ordinary SR imaging conditions in an unsupervised manner without the need for either ground truths or additional data acquisition. We demonstrate the versatile applicability of ZS-DeconvNet on multiple imaging modalities, including total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, three-dimensional (3D) wide-field microscopy, confocal microscopy, lattice light-sheet microscopy, and multimodal structured illumination microscopy (SIM), which enables multi-color, long-term, super-resolution 2D/3D imaging of subcellular bioprocesses from mitotic single cells to multicellular embryos of mouse and C. elegans.
Potential Role of Vitamin D and Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 in Severity of Dental Caries: an Exvivo Study
Authors: Nireeksha Nireeksha , Hegde Mithra N , N Suchetha Kumari
Published: September 2023

Vitamin D performs various functions as a hormone by promoting calcium absorption but the role of vitamin D is most important is in the role in innate immunity cell differentiation, cell maturation through its genomic effects via vitamin D receptor. The immune response also plays a major role in tooth surface and supporting structure destruction and playing a major factor in high caries formation. The inflammatory cytokines are released has proinflammatory cytokines and stimulate cells in disease process. Therefore, in the present study we have evaluated the association of salivary vitamin D, LL-37, interleukins 6 and 17A in various levels of severity of dental caries. The study showed that, the salivary vitamin D statistically decreased with increasing severity of caries which showed that vitamin D plays an important role in prevention of caries.. Antimicrobial peptide LL-37 was higher in caries free group but was not statistically significant, salivary IL-6 level was higher in caries active group but intergroup comparison did not show significant difference, this could be attributed to the pro inflammatory activity of Interleukin 6. Salivary IL-17A did not show statistically significant between caries active and caries free group, this could be attributed to the levels of salivary LL-37 in saliva.
Single Photon Quantum Ranging: When Sequential Decoding Meets High Dimensional Entanglement
Authors: Gamal Hesham El , Pannu Armanpreet , Han Liu , Helmy Amr
Published: September 2023

We consider the quantum ranging problem in the low noise level per mode and low reflectivity (high loss) regime. We focus on single photon transmission strategies and propose a novel approach that combines high dimensional time-bin entanglement at the transmitter with a carefully constructed sequential decision rule at the detector. Our analytical results establish the significant performance gains that can be leveraged from this approach in a range of operating parameters, as compared to the single photon classical approach, the two-mode squeezed vacuum ranging scheme proposed earlier, and even the block-based classical scheme. One can attribute this performance gain to 1) the ability of the high dimensional time-bin entangled signaling to offer a very fine range resolution with a single transmitted photon and 2) the ability of the sequential decision rule to minimize the average number of transmitted photon subject to a constraint on the probability of error. While our analysis is limited to the low energy/low noise regime, we conjecture that the proposed approach’s superior performance extends to a wider range of scenarios which should motivate further analytical and experimental investigations.
Effect of video clips on patient comprehension of atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis in the emergency setting.
A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Pietro Santi Di , Ferrari Ilaria , Bulgari Giuseppe , Muiesan Maria Lorenza , Falaschi Francesco , De Silvestri Annalisa , Scudeller Luigia , Musella Valeria , Saglio Simone , Re Beatrice , Mattiuzzo Elena , Cherubini Fabio , Perlini Stefano
Published: September 2023

Importance Integrating video clips in the discharge process may enhance patient’s understanding and awareness of their condition and improve recall of discharge instructions.
Objective To determine the effect of video clip-integrated discharge discussion on patient comprehension of atrial fibrillation (AF) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and their main complications (stroke and pulmonary embolism).
Design Multicentre, pragmatic, parallel groups, randomised clinical trial, 1:1 randomisation.
Setting Two Emergency Units of tertiary hospitals in Italy.
Participants 144 adult patients (or their caregivers) discharged home with either AF or DVT.
Interventions Participants in the study group were shown a clip related to their condition. The controlgroup received standard verbal instructions. All participants received standard written instructions.
Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcome: knowledge of the diagnosis and its potential complication. Secondary outcomes: knowledge of the prescribed therapy, patient satisfaction, adherence rate to newly prescribed anticoagulants, incidence of stroke or pulmonary embolism at follow up.
Results Mean score for primary outcome (range 0-18, higher score indicating greater knowledge) was 5.87 (95% CI, 5.02-6.72] in the control group and 8.28 (95% CI, 7.27-9.31) in the intervention group, a difference that was statistically significant (mean difference, -2.41; 95% CI, -3.73 to -1.09; p<0.001).
Mean score for knowledge of the prescribed therapy (range 0-6, higher score indicating greater knowledge) was 2.98 (95% CI, 2.57-3.39) in the control group and 3.20 (95% CI, 2.73-3.67) in the study group (mean difference, -0.22; 95% CI, -0.84 to 0.39).
Mean score for satisfaction (range 0-12, higher score indicating greater satisfaction) was 7.34 (95% CI, 6.45-8.23) in the control arm, whereas patients in the intervention arm had a mean score of 7.97 (95% CI, 7.15-8.78)(mean difference, -0.625; 95% CI -1.82 to 0.57).
Adherence rate to newly prescribed anticoagulants was 80% (36/45) in the control group and 90.2% (46/51) in the intervention group.
Among 109 patients reached at a median follow up of 21 (IQR 16-28) months, 5.55% (3/54) in the control arm and 1.82% (1/55) in the intervention arm had developed stroke or pulmonary embolism.
Conclusions and Relevance In this trial, two clips shown at discharge, improved participants comprehension of AF and DVT. Physicians should consider integrating these inexpensive tools during the discharge process.
Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03734406
Centrifugal rowing as a strategy to mitigate cardiovascular and muscular deconditioning in prolonged immobilization and spaceflight – a pilot trial
Authors: Frett Timo , Lecheler Leopold , Arz Michael , Pustowalow Willi , Petrat Guido , Mommsen Florian , Breuer Jan , Schmitz Marie-Therese , Green David C. , Jordan Jens
Published: September 2023

Background
Prolonged immobilization and spaceflight lead to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal deconditioning. Combining artificial gravity through short-arm centrifugation with rowing exercise could serve as countermeasure. Our objective was to compare the tolerability, muscle force production, cardiovascular response, and potential power output of rowing on a short-arm centrifuge and under terrestrial gravity.
Methods
We included 12 rowing athletes (4 women, aged 27.2 ± 7.4 years, height 179 ± 0.1 cm, weight 73.7 ± 9.4 kg). They completed two rowing sessions in a cross-over fashion separated by at least six weeks. One session was conducted on a short-arm centrifuge at + 0.5Gz and the other session in terrestrial gravity with the rowing ergometer inclined by 26.6°. Participants started self-paced rowing at 30 W, increasing by 15 W every three minutes until exhaustion. We recorded rowing performance, heart rate, brachial blood pressure, ground reaction forces, leg muscle activation, and blood lactate concentration.
Results
Rowing on the centrifuge was well-tolerated, with no adverse events. We did not observe significant differences in heart rate, blood pressure, or blood lactate concentration between rowing conditions. Although inclined rowing under natural gravity allowed participants to achieve a higher power output (p < 0.001) compared to rowing in artificial gravity. However, rowing in artificial gravity produced higher mean and peak ground reaction forces (p < 0.0001) and increased leg muscle activation in rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and vastus lateralis. Muscle activation and ground reaction forces differed with rotational direction.
Conclusion
Rowing in artificial gravity is feasible and holds promise as a strategy against cardiovascular and muscular deconditioning during long-term spaceflight.
Highly Nonlinear Dynamics of In Vivo Deep-Tissue Interaction with
Femtosecond Laser Pulses at 1030 nm
Authors: Fattahi Hanieh , Jun Soyeon , Herbst Andreas , Scheffter Kilian , John Nora , Kolb Julia , Wehner Daniel
Published: September 2023

We report on the highly nonlinear behavior observed in the central nervous system tissue of zebrafish (Danio rerio) when exposed to femtosecond pulses at 1030 nm. At this irradiation wavelength, photo damage becomes detectable only after exceeding a specific peak intensity threshold, which is independent of the photon flux and irradiation time, distinguishing it from irradiation at shorter wavelengths. Furthermore, we investigate and quantify the role of excessive heat in reducing the damage threshold, particularly during high-repetition-rate operations, which are desirable for label-free and multi-dimensional microscopy techniques. To verify our findings, we examined cellular responses to tissue damage, including apoptosis and the recruitment of macrophages and fibroblasts at different time points post-irradiation. These findings substantially contribute to advancing the emerging nonlinear optical microscopy techniques and provide a strategy for inducing deep-tissue, precise and localized injuries using near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses.
Epigallocatechin Gallate as a Pulp Medication for Vital Pulpotomy: Histopathological Study in Experimental Animals
Authors: Omer Shaimaa Mohamed Mahfouz , El-Sherbiny Randa Hamed Moustafa , Latif Reham Mohamed Ali Abdel
Published: September 2023

Background Pulpotomy is a conservative method to preserve decayed primary teeth until permanent teeth erupt.
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a natural chief polyphenol originated in green tea, with reported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antimicrobial properties.
The current study aimed to investigate and compare dog’s dental pulp responses to epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 1\5 concentration of Buckley’s formula of formocresol (FC) as a vital pulpotomy medications histopathologically in experimental animals.
Methods In the current experimental split-mouth study, twenty-four teeth were randomly chosen from two healthy Mongrel dogs. EGCG and FC were used as vital pulpotomy medications. After four and nine weeks, the pulpotomised teeth were evaluated, and the pulp tissues were examined for histological changes, inflammation, and fibrosis. A paired t-test was used to compare the means of the same group over time; additionally, an independent samples t-test was used to compare the means of two treated groups.
Results The EGCG groups showed a significant decrease in pulp inflammation, vasodilation, necrosis, and fibrosis when compared to the FC groups at both time points (four and nine weeks). Destruction of the odontoblastic layer was noticed in the FC group at nine weeks of treatment, compared to the EGCG group.
Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, the histological assessment of the experimental animal model showed that EGCG was superior to FC in pulpotomised dogs’ teeth.
Retrospective Comparison Between Laparoscopic and Open Malignant Gastrectomy Performance and Outcome
Authors: Saad Hassan A. , El-Taher Ahmed K , Riad Mohamed , Eraky Mohamed E , Baz Azza , Farid Mohamed I , Sharaf Khaled
Published: September 2023

Laparoscopy is rarely used to treat stomach malignancies. We compared the outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy with those of open surgery and evaluated the results.
However, its complete acceptance as a legitimate therapy is hampered by the lack of thorough investigation into long-term oncological consequences, including recurrence and fatality. As a result, there are sometimes arguments over which of these remedies is the best.
Therefore, there is still debate regarding the best outcome.
Methods
We will evaluate patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy and open gastrectomy from February 2015 to November 2022. After collecting the database from the board sheet of our Zagzig University Hospital specialist surgical hospital, patients were divided into two groups: open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. Logistic regression was used to compare 30-day complications and fatalities in both groups.
Results
For consistent results, the mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 and STATA software. A total of 8,232 gastric cancer patients were divided into two groups based on the type of surgery they received: open gastrectomy (n= 7,450; 90.5%) and laparoscopic surgery (n = 782; 9.5%). Preoperative measurement of risk variables is important (CI = 0.45-0.82, p = 0.001, odds ratio [OR] 0.61, 95% confidence interval). We found no significant differences in mortality between groups when the preoperative risk variable was measured (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.32-1.72; p = 0.481).
Status and influencing factors of breastfeeding motivation for primiparas
Authors: Sun Yue , Zhu Lili , Gao Yutong , Mu Shuting
Published: September 2023

Objective To understand status quo of breastfeeding motivation and its influencing factors in primiparas, and provide evidence for breastfeeding intervention to extend breastfeeding time.
Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 336 primiparas who visited two outpatient clinics of 2 tertiary A hospitals in Henan Province from November 2022 to July 2023. The survey was carried out with general information questionnaire，the Chinese version of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale, the Partner Breastfeeding Influence Scale, the Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale Short Form and the Breastfeeding Motivation Scale were investigated.
Results The scores of each dimension of primipara's breastfeeding motivation were enjoyment (21.77±3.47), connection and maternal self-perception (24.79±2.93), significant others' pressure (10.11±1.61), and practical needs (11.52±1.62). Whether the baby is full-term, whether they received breastfeeding guidance during pregnancy, the time of colostrum appearance, the expected time of breastfeeding, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, the breastfeeding support of the spouse, and breastfeeding self-efficacy were the main influencing factors of primipara's breastfeeding motivation (all P<0.05).
Conclusion All dimensions of primipara's breastfeeding motivation are at the upper-middle level. Medical staff should actively evaluate the level of primipara's breastfeeding motivation, identify the factors influencing controlled motivation of breastfeeding, and take corresponding intervention measures to promote the transformation of controlled motivation to autonomous motivation, improve the positive psychology of primipara, and then prolong breastfeeding time.
Comprehensive Analysis of TRIM Family-based Signature in LUAD Progression and Immunotherapy
Authors: Han Dong , Liu Qinghua , Shan Jiqi , Zhao Chenhui , Ping Yu , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Within the ubiquitination process, E3 ligases function profoundly since they decide the final step of target specificity. As the largest subfamily of E3 ligases, tripartite motif (TRIM) family genes play pivotal roles in tumor progression and immune response, however, lacking systematic exploration of the expression patterns and clinical correlations in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We aim to comprehensively analyze the TRIM expression profile in LUAD and establish a TRIM family–based prognostic risk model.
Methods: We enrolled 1299 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets for risk model training and validation. Another 38 LUAD tissues were collected for validation. Bioinformatic methods and immunofluorescent staining were utilized to illustrated the related Biological characteristics, mutation tendency, immune profile and predicted immunotherapy response.
Results: After Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, we established a 3 TRIM gene-based risk model by TCGA dataset. The risk model divided patients into high and low score groups showing different overall survival (OS), being an independent prognostic factor irrespective of other clinical features. And the stability was estimated in GEO validation datasets and even tissues at protein level. Further explorations demonstrated patients within high risk group showed tendency to more EGFR mutation and severer immune suppressive status. Moreover, the risk model was markedly correlated with diverse immunotherapy response markers.
Conclusion: We constructed the first TRIM-based prognostic risk model for LUAD OS prediction and demonstrated the relationships between the model and LUAD immune characteristics. The risk model might assist the clinical application of immunotherapies.
Destabilization of Arctic Sea Ice Reveals Unexpected Adaptive Plasticity in a Novel Prey-Predator Dynamic
Authors: Berger Joel
Published: September 2023

Recent impacts to Earth’s biosphere include range expansions for ~17 terrestrial carnivorans, most of which carry unknown behavioral or ecological consequence for potential prey. Nowhere could such novelty be more dramatic than at high latitudes where, as sea ice declines, polar bears increase time on land and interact with the Arctic’s largest land mammal – muskoxen, a species previously exposed to predation primarily by brown bears and wolves. Remarkably, Alfred Russell Wallace opined on such possible relationships ~150 years ago. Herein, we expand upon such prey-predator interactions using field experiments across five years at Arctic Russian and Alaskan sites. We demonstrate altered muskoxen defense systems, distinguishing between polar and brown bears and fleeing on average three times farther from simulated polar than simulated brown bears. Our results demonstrate remarkable plasticity in learning ability, likely associated with eco-evolutionary differences in terrestrial pursuit capacity by bears. As anthropogenic landscapes change, macro-geographical processes and ecological reassembly will continue with unpredictable outcomes, especially for prey species unless sufficient commitments are made to on-site field assessments of species interactions.
Utilizing Multimodal Microscopy to Reconstruct Si/SiGe Interfacial Atomic Disorder and Infer its Impacts on Qubit Variability
Authors: Bussmann Ezra , Pena Luis , Koepke Justine , Dycus Joseph , Mounce Andrew , Baczewski Andrew , Jacobson N. Tobias
Published: September 2023

SiGe heteroepitaxial growth yields pristine host material for quantum dot qubits, but residual interface disorder can lead to qubit-to-qubit variability that might pose an obstacle to reliable SiGe-based quantum computing. We demonstrate a technique to reconstruct 3D interfacial atomic structure spanning multiqubit areas by convolving data from scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). We utilize the structures in an atomistic multivalley effective mass theory to quantify qubit spectral variability. The results indicate (1) appreciable valley splitting (VS) variability of roughly 50% owing to alloy disorder, and (2) roughness-induced double-dot detuning bias energy variability of order 1 − 10 meV depending on well thickness. For measured intermixing, atomic steps have negligible influence on VS, and uncorrelated roughness causes spatially fluctuating energy biases in double-dot detunings potentially incorrectly attributed to charge disorder. Our approach yields atomic structure spanning orders-of-magnitude larger areas than post-growth microscopy or tomography alone enabling more holistic predictions of disorder-induced qubit variability.
Continuous Monitoring of Cerebral Autoregulation in Adults Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Zhang Lucy Q , Chang Henry , Kalra Andrew , Humayun Mariyam , Rosenblatt Kathryn R , Shah Vishank A , Geocadin Romergryko G , Brown Charles H , Kim Bo Soo , Wh Glenn J.R. , Rivera-Lara Lucia , Cho Sung-min
Published: September 2023

Background: Impaired cerebral autoregulation (CA) is one of several proposed mechanisms of acute brain injury in patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The primary aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of continuous CA monitoring in adult ECMO patients. Our secondary aims were to describe changes in cerebral oximetry index (COx) and other metrics of CA over time and in relation to functional neurologic outcomes.
Methods: This is a single-center prospective observational study. We measured Cox, a surrogate measurement of cerebral blood flow, measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, which is an index of CA derived from the moving correlation between mean arterial pressure and slow waves of regional cerebral oxygen saturation. A COx value that approaches 1 indicates impaired CA. Using COx, we determined the optimal MAP (MAPOPT), lower and upper limits of autoregulation for individual patients. These measurements were examined in relation to modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores.
Results: Fifteen patients (median age=57 years [IQR=47-69]) with 150 autoregulation measurements were included for analysis. Eleven were on veno-arterial ECMO and 4 on veno-venous. Mean COx was higher on post-cannulation day 1 than on day 2 (0.2 vs 0.09, p<0.01), indicating improved CA over time. COx was higher in VA-ECMO patients than in VV-ECMO (0.12 vs 0.06, p=0.04). Median MAPOPT for entire cohort was highly variable, ranging 55-110 mmHg. Patients with mRS 0-3 (good outcome) at 3 and 6 months spent less time outside of MAPOPT compared to patients with mRS 4-6 (poor outcome) (74% vs 82%, p=0.01). The percentage of time when observed MAP was outside the limits of autoregulation was higher on post-cannulation day 1 than on day 2 (18.2% vs 3.3%, p<0.01).
Conclusions: In ECMO patients, it is feasible to monitor CA continuously at the bedside. CA improved over time, most significantly between post-cannulation days 1 and 2. CA was more impaired in VA-ECMO than VV-ECMO. Spending less time outside of MAPOPT may be associated with achieving a good neurologic outcome.
Dolichoectasia of the ophthalmic artery: A case report on the treatment strategy in endovascular therapy and literature review
Authors: Oishi Tomoya , Neki Hiroaki , Sakamoto Tomoya , Hashimoto Muneaki , Mochizuki Yuichi , Kamio Yoshinobu , Kurozumi Kazuhiko
Published: September 2023

Background
Dolichoectasia is a rare arterial condition characterized by the dilatation, tortuosity, and elongation of cerebral blood vessels. The vertebrobasilar artery and internal carotid artery are the common sites of dolichoectasia. However, dolichoectasia of the branch arteries, such as the ophthalmic artery (OA), is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of ophthalmic dolichoectasia that was successfully treated with endovascular internal coil trapping.
Case presentation:
A 54-year-old female patient presented with transient left ophthalmalgia and visual disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a dilated and elongated left OA compressing the optic nerve at the entrance of the optic canal. However, a previous image that was taken 17 years back revealed that the OA was normal, which suggested the change in dolichoectasia was acquired. Cerebral angiography showed that the dilated and tortuous OA was running from the bifurcation of the left internal carotid artery into the orbit. The symptoms could have been attributed to the direct compression of the dolichoectatic OA in the optic canal. A sufficient anastomosis between the central retinal artery and the middle meningeal artery was identified on external carotid angiography with balloon occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Endovascular treatment with internal trapping of the OA was performed due to ophthalmic symptom progression. Internal coil trapping of the OA was performed at the short segment between the OA bifurcation and the entrance of the optic canal. As expected, the central retinal artery was supplied via the middle meningeal artery after the treatment. The transient visual disturbance was immediately resolved. Ophthalmalgia worsened temporarily after the treatment. However, it completely resolved after several days of oral corticosteroid therapy. Postoperative angiography showed that the origin of the OA was occluded and that the OA in the optic canal was shrunk. The flow of the central retinal arteries via the middle meningeal artery was preserved.
Conclusions
The ophthalmic artery dolichoectasia is rare, and pathogenesis and long-term visual prognosis are still unknown. However, endovascular therapy can improve symptom by releasing the pressure site in the optic canal.
Histone methyltransferase SET8 aggravates acute kidney injury through activation of p53 and downregulation of PTEN
Authors: Zhuang Shougang , Yang Xu , Guan Yingjie , Bayliss George , Dong Zheng
Published: September 2023

SET8 is a histone H4 lysine 20 methyltransferase (H4K20) that regulates transcriptional and posttranslational modifications and is related to tumorigenesis and other diseases. Its role in acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of SET8 in a murine model of cisplatin-induced AKI and apoptosis of cultured murine proximal tubular epithelial cells. Following cisplatin treatment, SET8 and H4K20 mono-methylation (H4K20me1) were upregulated, coincident with reduced expression of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) and increased phosphorylation of p53 both in vivo and in vitro. Administration of UNC0379, a specific inhibitor, or siRNA-mediated silencing of SET8 significantly inhibited apoptosis of TKPTs following cisplatin exposure. Similarly, UNC0379 administration in cisplatin-injected mice attenuated tubular injury, apoptosis, and improved renal function. This was concomitant with the repression of SET8, H4K20me1, and p53 phosphorylation while restoring PTEN levels. Further investigations indicated that inhibition of PTEN with Bpv or siRNA aggravated cisplatin-induced apoptosis without affecting the expression of SET8 and H4K20me1. In contrast, inhibition of p53 with Pifithrin-alpha or silencing of p53 reduced cisplatin-induced apoptosis, but these treatments did not affect the expression of SET8, H4K20me1, and PTEN. Overall, these findings suggest that inhibition of SET8 relieves apoptosis by upregulating PTEN, which in turn represses p53 phosphorylation. Additionally, inhibiting SET8 significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of the histone variant H2A and p21, two proteins associated with DNA damages in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our results suggest that SET8 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for cisplatin-induced AKI.
Towards establishing correlates of protection against shigellosis: assessing immunological endpoints across immune responses to the Shigella sonnei Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) candidate vaccine (1790GAHB).
Authors: Nakakana Usman , Conti Valentino , Rossi Omar , Clarkson Kirsten , Mancini Francesca , Sarakinou Eleanna , Callegaro Andrea , Ferruzzi Pietro , Acquaviva Alessandra , Arora Ashwani , Marchetti Elisa , Necchi Francesca , Frenck Robert , Martin Laura , Kaminski Robert , Podda Audino , Micoli Francesca
Published: September 2023

Shigella spp. are a leading bacterial cause of diarrhea. No widely licensed vaccines are available and there is no generally accepted correlate of protection. We tested a S. sonnei Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigen (GMMA)-based vaccine (1790GAHB) in a phase 2b, placebo-controlled, randomized, controlled human infection model study (NCT03527173) enrolling healthy United States adults aged 18–50 years. We report analyses evaluating immune responses to vaccination, with the aim to identify correlates of risk for shigellosis among assessed immunomarkers. We found that 1790GAHB elicited S. sonnei lipopolysaccharide specific α4β7+ immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA secreting B cells which are likely homing to the gut, indicating the ability to induce a mucosal in addition to a systemic response, despite parenteral delivery. We were unable to establish or confirm threshold levels that predict vaccine efficacy facilitating the evaluation of vaccine candidates. However, serum anti-lipopolysaccharide IgG and bactericidal activity were identified as potential correlates of risk for shigellosis.
LiOtBu-Promoted Synthesis of Bis(3-indolyl)methanes by the Alkylation of Indoles with Alcohols under Air: An Investigation about Mechanism Insights via Chemical Intermediates
Authors: Nguyen Hai Yen , Tran Thu Hue , Do Ha Nam , Do Dang Van , Ngo Quoc-Anh , Tien Nguyen Quyet , Nga Truong Thi Thanh , Nguyen Hien , Hung Tran Quang , Dang Tuan Thanh
Published: September 2023

Bis(3-indolyl)methanes (BIMs) are known for their important bioactivities, which include anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. In this study, we are disclosing a metal catalyst-free synthesis of BIMs in high yields via the alkylation reaction of indoles and alcohols in the presence of lithium tert-butoxide base. Notably, oxygen in air played an important role as an oxidant for the facilitation of this transformation. Interestingly, an unactivated aliphatic alcohol (n-hexanol) could be successfully used as an alkylating reagent in the alkylation reaction of indole. Especially, from several chemical intermediates detected by GC-MS gave important information about the mechanism insights. This method demonstrated cost and environmental advantages for the development of green processes.
Children’s birth weight and the risk of overweight and obesity in primary school children: a 4-year longitudinal study
Authors: Gong Qing-Hai , Lin Yi , Li Xiao-Yong , Jiang Dan-Jie , Wang Si-Jia
Published: September 2023

Objective
Childhood overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) have become a serious global health concern. Birth weight (BW) as one of the factors is associated with OB and chronic diseases in children and adults. However, it was not well studied in Zhejiang Province, China. This study was to investigate the association between BW and general OB and central OB in primal school children.
Methods
The Ningbo Youth Risk Behavior Survey is a school-based longitudinal study conducted from 2016 to 2019. A total of 2749 primary school children participated in the baseline study. Longitudinal anthropometric data were obtained from annual health check. BW (kg) was categorized into 4 groups [(< 3.0, 3.0-3.5, 3.5-4.0 and ≥ 4.0 (macrosomia)]. Normal weight, OW and OB were defined based on sex-specific and age-specific body mass index (BMI). Central OB were identified using sex-specific waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).
Results
Around 14.5% and 15.6% out of 1204 children had lower BW (< 3.0 kg) and macrosomia, respectively. The overall rate of general OB and central OB at baseline were 10.4% and 28.3%, respectively. Linear- and J- shaped relationships were observed between BW and BMI z-score, and WHtR, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, higher levels of BW (≥ 3.5kg) were associated with increased odds of general OB in children. Generalised estimating equations was used to determine
Conclusion
Higher levels of BW (≥ 3.5 kg) were associated with an increased risk of general OB in children, but not central OB. The results can support implication to public health specialists for future research in Zhejiang province and improvement of strategies for childhood obesity prevention.
The impact of home-based management of malaria on clinical outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kua Kok Pim , Lee Shaun Wen Huey , Chongmelaxme Bunchai
Published: September 2023

Background:
Malaria remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally and continues to disproportionately afflict the African population. We aimed to evaluate the effect of home management of malaria intervention on health outcomes.
Methods:
In our systematic review and meta-analysis, six databases (Pubmed, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, CAB Abstracts and Global Health, CINAHL, and BIOSIS) were searched for studies of home management of malaria from inception to August 31, 2023. We included before-after studies, observational studies, and randomised controlled trials of home management intervention delivered in community settings. The primary outcomes were malaria mortality and all-cause mortality. The risk of bias in individual observational studies was assessed using ROBINS-I tool, whilst randomised controlled trials were judged using a revised Cochrane risk of bias tool and cluster-randomised controlled trials were evaluated using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool for cluster-randomised trials. We computed risk ratios with accompanying 95% confidence intervals for health-related outcomes reported in the studies and subsequently pooled the results by using a random-effects model (DerSimonian-Laird method).
Results:
We identified 1,202 citations through database and hand searches, from which 56 articles on 47 studies encompassing 234,002 participants were included in the systematic review. All studies were conducted in people living in sub-Saharan Africa and were rated to have a low or moderate risk of bias. In the meta-analysis, mortality rates due to malaria and all-cause mortality rates were significantly lower among participants receiving home management intervention compared to the control group. However, in children under 5 years of age, there was no significant difference in mortality rates before and after implementation of home management of malaria. Home malaria management combined with intermittent preventive treatment showed a significantly lower incidence risk of malaria than home management intervention that exclusively provided treatment to individuals with febrile illness suggestive of malaria. The risks for adverse events were found to be similar for home management intervention using different antimalarial drugs. Cost-effectiveness findings depicted that home malaria management merited special preferential scale-up.
Conclusions:
Home management of malaria intervention was associated significant reductions in malaria mortality and all-cause mortality. The intervention could help decrease health and economic burden attributable to malaria. Further clinical studies are warranted to enable more meaningful interpretations with regard to wide-scale implementation of the intervention, settings of differing transmission intensity, and new antimalarial drugs.
Analysis of drought risks in arid regions using RS data and standardized precipitation index considering climate change
Authors: Abd-Elhamid Hany F. , El-Dakak Amr M. , K Saleh O. , Zeleňáková Martina , Alkhalaf Ibrahim , Soľáková Tatiana
Published: September 2023

Climate change could cause changes in temperature and precipitation patterns that may increase the probability of drought. Climate change could enormously affect arid regions, and many countries may suffer from drought. This study aims to monitor the historical drought in Syria. Monthly data were collected from 71 land stations for the period (1991-2009). After 2010, the field data were not available due to the civil war in Syria. The satellite images for monthly precipitation were collected for the period (1983-2020). RS and GIS were used to correct the satellite images using the land stations data for the period (1991-2009) and correction equation was developed for each station that was used to correct the data for the period (1983-2020). Drought risk analysis was carried out utilizing Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in the period (1983-2020). Three types of droughts have been detected; agricultural, hydrological and groundwater drought. The results showed that significant drought struck Syria and the highest drought events were recorded in 1989, 2013 and 2016. The results of SPI trend analysis showed decreasing trends at all the stations. This highlights the impact of climate change on Syria that may suffer from more droughts in the future which in turn affect the availability of water resources. The results of this research could help to manage water resources and adapt to climate change risks in Syria. The results approved that SPI is a useful tool to monitor drought that could help decision-makers for putting efficient plans for drought risk management.
Anomaly Detection and Biomarkers Localization in Retinal OCT Scans
Authors: Tiosano Liran , Abutbul Ron , Lender Rivkah , Shwartz Yahel , Chowers Itay , Hoshen Yedid , Levy Jaime
Published: September 2023

Anomaly detection combined with localization in retinal scans can help identify retinal anomalies scans and localize pathologies that might otherwise be difficult to detect. We designed a novel approach for detecting anomalies and localization by applying AI-based tools to optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans in retinal disease. High-resolution OCT-scans from the public and a local dataset were used in four state-of-the-art self-supervised frameworks. The backbone for these frameworks was a pre-trained convolutional neural network, which allowed us to extract meaningful features from the OCT-images. Anomalous images included choroidal neovascularization, diabetic macular edema, and drusen. The resulting anomaly detectors were then evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) scores, F1 scores, and accuracy. Approximately 30000 OCT-images were used. The best-performing anomaly detectors had an ROC AUC score of 0.99, and all frameworks achieved high performance and generalized well to various retinal diseases. Using pre-trained feature extractors, the frameworks tested here can be generalized to retinal OCT-scans, yielding high image-level ROC AUC scores. The localization results obtained using these frameworks can successfully capture areas indicating the presence of retinal pathology; moreover, these frameworks may also reveal new biomarkers. Finally, these frameworks can be integrated into clinical decision-making and automated screening systems, thereby facilitating treatment management.
Diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder based on electroencephalogram dynamic local graph theory indices
Authors: Luo Hao , Yang Shuo , Zhang Nanxiang , Huang Leen , Ge Yingfeng , Chen Ang , Zhu Jianping , Zhang Jinxin
Published: September 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex brain disorder that damages patients’ cognitive and social skills. Previous studies using static functional connectivity analysis from electroencephalogram (EEG) neglected dynamic traits of EEG signal. This study thus combined the dynamic functional connectivity with local graph theory indices to seek for biomarkers to diagnose the ASD. Traditionally, static local graph theory index was calculated using the entire EEG signal, and afterward 6 derivative dynamic graph theory indices were calculated by sliding windows with different width and moving step. For each index above, 95 features could be extracted. Further, they were selected and compared for its classification performance by support vector machine-recurrence feature elimination method. Our results indicated that dynamic graph theory indices in the 3s window width and 50% moving step achieved the best classification performance with average accuracy 0.952, which was better than its static counterpart. The distribution for selected features showed a preference in the frontal lobe and Beta band. Our studies indicated the window width of 3s with 50% moving step could be the appropriate settings for dynamic graph theory analysis, and the distribution tendency for the frontal lobe and Beta band could render researchers’ fresh perspectives into mechanism studies.
Constructing two-dimensional/two-dimensional RGO/MoX2 (X=Se and S) van der waals heterojunctions: a combined composition modulation and interface engineering strategy for microwave absorption
Authors: Xiang Lele , Darboe Abdou Karim , Luo Zhihong , Qi Xiaosi , Shao Jiaojing , Ye Xiao-Juan , Liu Chun-Sheng , Sun Kai , Qu Yunpeng , Xu Jing , Zhong Wei
Published: September 2023

Interface engineering and/or impedance matching characteristic played very important role on microwave absorption. To simultaneously make best of these aspects, herein, we elaborately designed and successfully produced two-dimensional (2D)/2D reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/MoSe2 van der waals heterojunctions (VDWHs) in large scale and high efficiency through a simple solvothermal method. By increasing the amount of graphene oxide (GO) from 15 mg to 45 mg, the designed 2D/2D RGO/MoSe2 VDWHs with enhanced RGO contents and interfaces could be synthesized, which resulted in their progressively boosted comprehensive microwave absorption properties (MAPs). Furthermore, our proposed route could also be expanded to fabricate 2D/2D RGO/MoS2 VDWHs. The obtained results demonstrated that the enhanced amount of GO effectively improved their impedance matching characteristics, conductivity loss and polarization loss capabilities of 2D/2D RGO/MoX2 (X = Se and S) VDWHs, which contributed to their enhanced comprehensive MAPs. Therefore, our findings not only presented a combined composition modulation and interface engineering strategy to simultaneously take full advantage of impedance matching characteristic and interfaces for improving the comprehensive MAPs, but also provided a simple and propagable route to design and synthesize 2D/2D RGO/MoX2 (X = Se and S) VDWHs, which could be acted as the good candidates for lightweight high-efficiency microwave absorbers.
The Impact of fishing ghost Nets derelicts on Coral Health in Androth's Reefs in Lakshadweep: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: NM sahab , PV Ahmed Amirsha , CN Abdul Raheem , A.T Damodhar , T Aboohashim
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the impact of fishing ghost net derelict on coral health across different depths in the Androth reefs of Lakshadweep. The line intercept transects and Photoquard methods were utilized for analyzing the fishing derelict impact on coral reefs' health. The results of Kruskal-Walli’s test showed that the medians of coral health differed significantly across depths, with the lowest medians found in areas with fishing ghost net entanglements. A multiple regression model further supported this finding, showing that the total number of entanglements and mean incident catch rates were both significant predictors of coral health. Principal component analysis revealed that the contribution of coral colonies affected by fishing ghost net debris was most pronounced in certain sites, accounting for 68.3% of the observed differences. Hence, this study provides strong evidence of the detrimental effects of fishing debris on coral reef ecosystems. The findings suggest that fishing debris can significantly reduce coral health and that this impact is more pronounced in areas with higher levels of entanglements. These findings highlight the need for effective management strategies to reduce fishing debris and protect coral reefs.