bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing Brain Metastasis Progression From Radiation Effects After Stereotactic Radiosurgery Using Longitudinal GRASP Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI
Authors: Berger Assaf , Lee Matthew D. , Lotan Eyal , Block Kai Tobias , Fatterpekar Girish , Kondziolka Douglas
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Differentiating brain metastasis progression from radiation effects or radiation necrosis (RN) remains challenging. Golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI provides high spatial and temporal resolution to analyze tissue enhancement, which may differ between tumor progression (TP) and RN.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the utility of longitudinal GRASP MRI in distinguishing TP from RN after gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

METHODS:

We retrospectively evaluated 48 patients with brain metastasis managed with SRS at our institution from 2013 to 2020 who had GRASP MRI before and at least once after SRS. TP (n = 16) was pathologically confirmed. RN (n = 16) was diagnosed on either resected tissue without evidence of tumor or on lesion resolution on follow-up. As a reference, we included a separate group of patients with non–small-cell lung cancer that showed favorable response with tumor control and without RN on subsequent imaging (n = 16). Mean contrast washin and washout slopes normalized to the superior sagittal sinus were compared between groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine diagnostic performance.

RESULTS:

After SRS, progression showed a significantly steeper washin slope than RN on all 3 follow-up scans (scan 1: 0.29 ± 0.16 vs 0.18 ± 0.08, P = .021; scan 2: 0.35 ± 0.19 vs 0.18 ± 0.09, P = .004; scan 3: 0.32 ± 0.12 vs 0.17 ± 0.07, P = .002). No significant differences were found in the post-SRS washout slope. Post-SRS washin slope differentiated progression and RN with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74, a sensitivity of 75%, and a specificity of 69% on scan 1; an AUC of 0.85, a sensitivity of 92%, and a specificity of 69% on scan 2; and an AUC of 0.87, a sensitivity of 63%, and a specificity of 100% on scan 3.

CONCLUSION:

Longitudinal GRASP MRI may help to differentiate metastasis progression from RN.
Association Between Frontal Lobe Hemodynamics and Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Adults With Moyamoya Disease: Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Tsunoda Sho , Inoue Tomohiro , Ohwaki Kazuhiro , Takeuchi Naoko , Shinkai Takako , Fukuda Akira , Segawa Masafumi , Kawashima Mariko , Akabane Atsuya , Miyawaki Satoru , Saito Nobuhito
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) may present with mild cognitive dysfunction, even those without evidence of conspicuous brain parenchymal damage. This cognitive dysfunction might be caused by local frontal lobe ischemia.

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the relationship between frontal lobe hemodynamic insufficiency and cognitive dysfunction in patients with MMD.

METHODS:

Thirty adult patients with MMD without conspicuous brain parenchymal damage were retrospectively examined. Patients with MMD with frontal lobe intracerebral steal phenomenon on single photon emission computed tomography were defined as group S (n = 13) and those without it were defined as group P (n = 17). A comparative group comprising patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm was defined as group C (n = 30). The results of various cognitive and intelligence tests and a composite cognitive score were compared between groups.

RESULTS:

The digit span test forward version (P = .041), frontal assessment battery (P = .022), and composite cognitive score (P = .015) z-scores were significantly lower in group S than group C. Adjusting for sex and age, patients in group S had a significantly lower composite cognitive score compared with those in group C in multiple regression analysis (P = .037). Executive dysfunction and working memory dysfunction may be involved in the cognitive decline observed in group S.

CONCLUSION:

Mild cognitive dysfunction in MMD was associated with frontal lobe hemodynamic insufficiency. Future studies should examine whether revascularization can improve cerebral hypoperfusion and neurocognitive function in these patients.
Evaluating Match and Attrition Rates for Women and African Americans in Neurosurgery
Authors: Kabangu Jean-Luc K. , Heskett Cody A. , Bhargav Adip G. , Yekzaman Bailey R. , Morey Kennedy , Rouse Adam G. , Chamoun Roukoz B.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Previous efforts to increase diversity in neurosurgery have been aimed primarily at female inclusion while little analysis of other under-represented groups has been performed.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate match and retention rates of under-represented groups in neurosurgery, specifically Black and female applicants compared with non-Black and male applicants.

METHODS:

Match lists, Electronic Residency Application Service data, and National Resident Matching Program data were retrospectively reviewed along with publicly available residency program information for successful matriculants from 2017 to 2020. Residents were classified into demographic groups, and analysis of match and retention rates was performed.

RESULTS:

For 1780 applicants from 2017 to 2020, 439 identified as female while 1341 identified as male. Of these 1780 applicants, 128 identified as Black and 1652 identified as non-Black. Male and female applicants matched at similar rates (P = .76). Black applicants matched at a lower rate than non-Black applicants (P < .001). From 2017 to 2020, neither race nor sex was associated with retention as 94.1% of male applicants and 93.2% of female applicants were retained (P = .63). In total, 95.2% of Black residents and 93.9% of non-Black residents were retained (P = .71). No intraregional or inter-regional differences in retention were found for any group.

CONCLUSION:

Although sex parity has improved, Black applicants match at lower rates than non-Black applicants but are retained after matriculation at similar rates. Neurosurgery continues to recruit fewer female applicants than male applicants. More work is needed to extend diversity to recruit under-represented applicants. Future studies should target yearly follow-up of retention and match rates to provide trends as a measure of diversification progress within the field.
Reappraisal of Intracerebral Hemorrhages and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Grading Scale Score in Surgically and Medically Managed Cerebellar Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Won Sae-Yeon , Walter Johannes , Hernandez-Duran Silvia , Alhalabi Obada T. , Behmanesh Bedjan , Bernstock Joshua D. , Czabanka Marcus , Dinc Nazife , Dubinski Daniel , Flüh Charlotte , Freiman Thomas M. , Grosch Anne S. , Herrmann Eva , Kang Young Sill , Konczalla Juergen , Kramer Andreas , Lehmann Felix , Lemcke Johannes , Melkonian Ruzanna , Mielke Dorothee , Müller Lukas , Ringel Florian , Rohde Veit , Schneider Matthias , Senft Christian , Schuss Patrick , Turgut Merih Öznur , Synowitz Michael , Ullmann Joana M. , Vatter Hartmut , Zweckberger Klaus , Kilinc Fatma , Gessler Florian
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

As compared with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH), bleeds that occur within the cerebellum require special consideration given the nature of the posterior fossa.

OBJECTIVE:

To validate ICH and ICH grading scale (ICH-GS) scores in patients with cerebellar hemorrhage and examine the outcomes of patients managed surgically as compared with those who underwent conservative treatment.

METHODS:

This observational multicenter study included 475 patients with cerebellar hemorrhage from 9 different neurosurgical departments in Germany between 2005 and 2021. The prognostic accuracy of ICH and ICH-GS scores were calculated by the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curves. Analyzed outcomes were the in-hospital mortality, mortality at 6 months, in-hospital outcome, and outcome at 6 months.

RESULTS:

Of 403 patients, 252 patients (62.5%) underwent surgical treatment and 151 patients (37.5%) conservative treatment. Both ICH and ICH-GS scores demonstrated good prognostic accuracy regarding both overall mortality and functional outcomes. In those patients presenting with severe cerebellar hemorrhages, ie, ICH score >3 and ICH-GS score >11, overall mortality was significantly lower in surgically treated patients. Mortality was significantly higher in those patients managed surgically who presented with ICH scores

3; in such patients, improved outcomes were noted when the hematoma was treated conservatively.

CONCLUSION:

ICH and ICH scores are useful tools for prediction of survival and outcome in patients with cerebellar ICH. Surgical management may be beneficial for those who present with severe cerebellar ICH as reflected by ICH scores >3, while conservative management seems reasonable in patients with lower ICH scores.
Effects of Neuroanatomic Structural Distances on Pituitary Function After Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Ironside Natasha , Chen Ching-Jen , Xu Zhiyuan , Schlesinger David , Lee Vance Mary , Hong Gregory K. , Jane John A. , Patel Samir , Bindal Shray K. , Niranjan Ajay , Lunsford L. Dade , Liscak Roman , Chytka Thomas , Jezkova Jana , Saifi Omran , Trifiletti Daniel M. , Berger Assaf , Alzate Juan , Bernstein Kenneth , Kondziolka Douglas , Speckter Herwin , Hernandez Wenceslao , Lazo Erwin , Peker Selcuk , Samanci Yavuz , Zacharia Brad E. , Mau Christine , Wegner Rodney E. , Shepard Matthew J. , Mathieu David , Maillet Michel , Sheehan Jason P.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Delayed hypopituitarism is the most common complication after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pituitary adenomas.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the relationship between neuroanatomic structure distances from the radiation target and anterior pituitary function preservation after SRS through multicenter study.

METHODS:

We retrospectively reviewed the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation database from January 2002 to December 2021 for adult patients undergoing SRS for pituitary adenomas with >6 months of follow-up. Distances between centers or edges of hypothalamic-pituitary axis structures and SRS target volumes were measured using MRI. The primary outcome was anterior pituitary function preservation. Predictors were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) curve analyses.

RESULTS:

Four hundred eighty-seven patients were categorized by preservation (n = 384) and no preservation (n = 103) of anterior pituitary function. The mean margin dose was 19.1(6.2) Gy. Larger distance from the center of the stalk to the tumor margin isodose was a positive predictor (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.162 [1.046-1.291], P = .005), while pre-SRS hypopituitarism (aOR = 0.646 [0.405-1.031], P = .067) and larger treatment volume (aOR = 0.965 [0.929-1.002], P = .061) were near negative predictors of the primary outcome. An interaction between the treatment volume and center stalk to margin isodose distance was found (aOR = 0.980 [0.961-0.999], P = .045). Center stalk to margin isodose distance had an AUROC of 0.620 (0.557-0.693), at 3.95-mm distance. For patients with treatment volumes of <2.34 mL, center stalk to margin isodose distance had an AUROC of 0.719 (0.614-0.823), at 2.95-mm distance.

CONCLUSION:

Achieving a distance between the center of the pituitary stalk and the tumor margin isodose ≥3.95 mm predicted anterior pituitary function preservation. For smaller treatment volumes <2.34 mL, the optimal distance was ≥2.95 mm. This may be modifiable during trans-sphenoidal resection to preserve pituitary function.
Radiological Evolution of Fat Graft Used for Optic Neuropexy During Surgery for Parasellar Meningiomas
Authors: Diaz Simon , Starnoni Daniele , Tuleasca Constantin , Dunet Vincent , Peters David , Messerer Mahmoud , Levivier Marc , Daniel Roy Thomas
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective adjuvant therapy for residual tumor after subtotal resection of parasellar meningiomas. Fat graft placement between the optic nerve/chiasm and residual tumor (optic neuropexy [OPN]) allows for safe SRS therapy.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the radiological temporal profile of the fat graft after OPN, immediately after surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months intervals, to elucidate the optimal time point of adjuvant SRS.

METHODS:

A single-center, retrospective, cohort study of 23 patients after surgery for parasellar meningioma was conducted. Fat graft volume and MRI signal ratios were calculated. SRS dosimetric parameters (tumor/optic nerve) were measured at the time of SRS and compared with a hypothetical dosimetric plan based on an early postoperative MRI.

RESULTS:

Of 23 patients, 6 (26%) had gross total resection and 17 (74%) had subtotal resection. Fat grafts showed a progressive loss of volume and signal ratio over time. Radiosurgery was performed in 14 (82.3%; 8 hypofractionated radiosurgery and 6 single fraction). At 3 months, there is a loss of 46% of the fat volume and degradation of its tissue intensity, decreasing differentiation from tumor and nerve. The hypothetical treatment plan (performed on an early postoperative MRI) showed that single-fraction SRS would have been possible in 6 of the 8 hypofractionated cases.

CONCLUSION:

OPN is a technique that can be safely performed after resection of parasellar meningiomas. Because of the reduction of the fat volume and tissue differentiation between fat and tumor/nerves, adjuvant radiosurgery is better performed within the first 3 months after surgery.
Sinonasal Outcome After Endoscopic Transnasal Surgery—A Prospective Rhinological Study
Authors: Conrad Jens , Blaese Marco , Becker Sven , Huppertz Tilman , Ayyad Ali , Ringel Florian
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

The sinonasal outcome after transnasal skull base surgery has often been neglected aside from major outcome criteria as extent of tumor resection, ophthalmological, and endocrinological parameters.

OBJECTIVE:

To analyze rhinological outcome after endoscopic transnasal neurosurgery.

METHODS:

Patients were treated using a middle turbinate–preserving transnasal endoscopic approach for sellar/parasellar lesions. As major variables, olfactory function and nose breathing ability were assessed. The study participants were investigated by odor testing (“Sniffin’ sticks”), rhinomanometry, and endoscopic inspection of the nasal cavity before and 6 months after surgery. Furthermore, sinonasal-associated quality of life was measured before, immediately and 6 months after surgery with a standardized questionnaire (SNOT-20-GAV).

RESULTS:

Eighty-two patients (47 male, 35 female, median age 55 years) matched the inclusion criteria. Before surgery, the average odor was found to be 30.75 (≥31 = normosmia); in the postinterventional examination at 6 months, the average increased to 33.08 (n.s.). Rhinomanometric examination of binostril nasal airflow showed an average of 590.42 mL/s on inspiration before and an increase to 729.78 mL/s at 6 months after surgery. SNOT-20 symptom scores had a maximum score right after and no difference at 6 months after surgery (scores 23.76 and 14.91 vs 15.53 before surgery).

CONCLUSION:

Based on the study, the endoscopic transnasal technique preserving the middle turbinate has no significant negative effects on the rhinological outcome.
Long-Term Results of Endoscopic Endonasal Marsupialization of Rathke Cleft Cysts With Bioabsorbable Steroid-Eluting Stents—Technical Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Carroll Christopher P. , Andaluz Norberto O. , Kosty Jennifer A. , Zuccarello Mario , Zimmer Lee A.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are common benign skull-base lesions arising from embryologic remnants of Rathke pouch. Though frequently asymptomatic, RCCs can become symptomatic because of compression of adjacent neural structures. Transcranial and neuroendoscopic surgical treatments have been described for symptomatic RCCs, but recurrence rates remain as high as 30%. Bioabsorbable steroid-eluting (BASE) stents significantly decrease adhesions and recurrent ostia obstruction after endoscopic sinus surgery. We sought to use BASE stents to aid marsupialization of symptomatic RCCs.

OBJECTIVE:

To present long-term results of our initial experience with endoscopic-endonasal fenestration and placement of BASE stents for RCCs.

METHODS:

Patients undergoing neuroendoscopic transsphenoidal fenestration of RCCs with BASE stent placement were identified and their medical records retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS:

Four patients underwent neuroendoscopic transsphenoidal fenestration and BASE stent placement from March 2016 to April 2018 for symptomatic RCCs. After the cyst contents were evacuated, a BASE stent was deployed in the cyst fenestration to prevent cyst wall regrowth or closure and facilitate marsupialization to the sphenoid sinus. No perioperative complications were encountered, and all patients reported symptom resolution by 2 weeks postoperatively. Postoperative endoscopic evaluation demonstrated epithelization of the cyst wall opening and patent marsupialization into the sphenoid sinus in all cases. After a mean follow-up of 56 ± 12 months, all patients remained asymptomatic with baseline visual function and no radiographic evidence of recurrence.

CONCLUSION:

Bioabsorbable steroid-eluting stent placement is a safe, facile, viable augmentation of neuroendoscopic technique for symptomatic RCCs with the potential to reduce long-term recurrence rates.
DNA barcoding detects resurrected taxon Giuris laglaizei (Sauvage 1880) in Sulawesi, Indonesia: Bolano Sau Lake payangka phylogeny, phenotypic characters and implications for Giuris spp. conservation
Authors: Ndobe Samliok , Nurdin Muhammad Saleh , Hasanah Nur , Putra Aswad Eka , Mansyur Kasim , Nasir Mohamad , Rabuna Mashening L. , Moore Abigail Mary
Published: January 2023

Background: The freshwater ichthyofauna of Wallacea is diverse and understudied. A baseline survey of Bolano Sau Lake in Parigi Moutong District, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia in 2019 found an eleotrid goby (local name payangka) with characters conforming to the genus Giuris, long considered monophyletic as G. margaritacea/G. margaritaceus but recently found to comprise at least eight species. This study focused on the molecular (DNA barcoding) identification and phenotypic characters of the payangka.

Methods: Payangka samples were collected from August to December 2019 in collaboration with local fishermen, weighed and measured, and preserved in 75% ethanol. Length, weight, sex (n=111) and 17 morphometric characters/six meristic counts (n=42) were recorded. DNA barcoding was performed on a fin clipping preserved in 96% ethanol. Homologous nucleotide sequences were obtained from public (GenBank and BOLD) databases, analysis conducted in MEGA X, and phylogenetic trees edited in the Interactive Tree of Life (iToL).

Results: Within the deeply divided Giuris clade, the payangka sequence resolved into a sub-clade identified as Giuris laglaizei (Sauvage 1880), a recently resurrected taxon, based on a sequence provided by Philippe Keith. The length-weight relationship (L = 0.0087∙W3.162) indicated mildly allometric positive growth. Size distribution differed significantly between male and female fish with significantly larger mean size of males (13.56 cm) than females (11.62 cm). The meristic formula was: D VI-I,8 A I,8 P 13 V I,5 C15. Phylogenetic analysis indicated four Giuris species in wetlands around Tomini Bay and five in Sulawesi.

Conclusions: This first record of G. laglaizei in Indonesia advances knowledge of Wallacean and Indo-Pacific Gobiiformes biogeography and highlights the need for a revision of the conservation status of the taxa currently grouped under Giuris margaritacea/G. margaritaceus in the IUCN Red List and FishBase databases. The data will inform biodiversity and fisheries management at local and regional levels.
Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from contaminated areas of Majengo slum in Meru County, Kenya
Authors: Ombuya Jared , Gachoka Kennedy , Dorothy Kagendo , Mutea Naomi
Published: January 2023

Background: Antimicrobial drug resistance is of great concern today. Infections by the antimicrobial resistant strains of Escherichia coli, including enteropathogenic as well as enterotoxigenic strains have been reported as a major cause of deaths, especially among young children in low- and middle-income countries. This has been augmented by antimicrobial misuse, over the counter availability and poor sanitation especially in low income areas.

This study aimed at characterizing antimicrobial resistant strains of Escherichia coli isolated from sanitation environments of the Majengo slum in Meru County, Kenya

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 samples from soil, water and drains swabs. These were tested against five antimicrobial drugs by the Kirby disk diffusion method.

Results: A total of 42 (69%) of the samples had Escherichia coli. These recorded antimicrobial drug susceptibility as follows: Out of the five antimicrobial agents used, ceftazidime 28 (66.67%) showed the highest sensitivity followed by ciprofloxacin 26 (61.90%) and imepenem 25 (59.52%) respectively. cefotaxime and cefoxitin showed least sensitivity at 14 (33.33%) and 13 (30.95%) respectively. In intermediate imepenem and ciprofloxacin were the highest with 12 (28.57%) followed by cefotaxime 10 (23.81%). The least intermediate was observed in ceftazidime and cefoxitin both at 7 (16.67%).  The highest resistance was observed in cefoxitin 22 (52.38%), followed by cefotaxime at 18 (42.86%). Ciprofloxacin, imepenem and ceftazidime had the lowest resistance 4 (9.52%), 5 (11.91%) and 7 (16.67%) respectively. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant to the study.  

Conclusions: This study showed that Escherichia coli isolated from Majengo is pathogenic and resistant to antibiotics. Detection of Escherichia coli poses a great risk in the spread of resistant strains in human. Proper sanitation and hygiene awareness practices should be provided through education to the residents of this area.
Русская литература XIX века (вторая половина) : учебное пособие. Издание 7-е (дополненное)
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Branch in Birsk, Bezrukov Andrey N.
Published: January 2023

Данное учебное пособие содержит материал и методическое рекомендации по всем видам работы, связанным с изучением курса «История русской литературы XIX века (вторая половина)». Пособие создано с учетом требований Государственного стандарта для высшего образования. Издание адресовано студентам-филологам, магистрантам, аспирантам гуманитарных профилей, учителям-словесникам среднеобразовательных школ.
ECONOMIC METHODS FOR LEVELING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT IN GRAIN SUB-COMPLEX
Authors: Amirova Elmira , Ziganshin Bulat
Published: January 2023

Trends in digitalization and leveling the carbon footprint predetermine priority areas for the grain product systems development. The role of sustainable development of such systems, which covers the entire chain of agro-industrial enterprises, is growing, since 25% of the entire carbon footprint is formed in agriculture and related industries. The energy profile of the world economy is undergoing fundamental structural changes under the influence of the emerging global climate policy, on the one hand, and under the influence of massive technological innovations, on the other hand. Currently, there are no single schemes for reducing the carbon footprint and its impact on the efficient production of large economic systems in the agro-industrial complex. The scientific novelty of the research will lie in the application of deductive, inductive and traductive reasoning in the study of the problems of reducing the carbon footprint and its impact on the efficient production of large economic systems using the grain product subcomplex as an example. Assessment of the impact of the carbon footprint on the economic efficiency of the economic mechanism of the grain product subcomplex, including its innovative and investment component is a problem that does not have an unambiguous solution. In modern economic conditions, grain product subcomplexes are complex social and economic systems that have diverse hierarchically structured connections. The analysis of the impact of the distribution of the carbon footprint in conjunction with the assessment of the economic efficiency of the economic mechanism of the agro-industrial complex of the region, its innovative and investment component in the context of the digital path of economic development is among the most relevant and significant for the national economy of the country. The theoretical significance of the study lies in combining the concept of ecologization of the economy (carbon footprint) with the concept of determining the economic efficiency of hierarchically complex economic systems. The practical scientific significance lies in the development of a methodology for evaluating the performance of hierarchically complex economic systems in the context of a digital path of economic development. The scientific problem is to identify patterns in the distribution of the carbon footprint throughout the chain of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of grain, as well as in an objective and systematic assessment of the economic efficiency of the economic mechanism of the grain subcomplex (including the innovation and investment component), including in the possibility of assessing and non-economic activities (social, environmental, etc.).
STUDY OF GRAPE VARIETIES OF INTERSPECIES ORIGIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF ROSTOV REGION
Authors: Naumova Lyudmila , Ganich Valentina
Published: January 2023

The studies were carried out in order to clarify the agrobiological and uvological characteristics of grape varieties of interspecific origin, selection of Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center, in non-covering culture. The work was carried out in the northern zone of industrial viticulture in 2018–2021 on the ampelographic collection (Rostov region) of grapes. We studied 3 technical varieties (Grushevsky white, Saperavi northern, Flower) and 3 table varieties (Vostorg, Talisman, Rusmol). The collection was founded in 2008 by grafted vine seedlings (rootstock Kober 5BB), planting scheme 3×1.5 m. The height of the stem of the bushes was 70-100 cm. There were no severe winters during the study period. On average, over the years of the study, the number of blossoming eyes and fruitful shoots in industrial varieties was 82...97 and 83...89%, respectively, in canteens - 71...95 and 57...79%, respectively. According to the duration of the growing season, the varieties were distributed as follows: Vostorg - very early (109 days), Talisman - early (125 days), Rusmol, Tsvetochny, Saperavi northern - medium (139 ... 143 days), Grushevsky white - medium-late (146 days). The yield of technical varieties varied from 4.5 (Saperavi Severniy) to 8.4 kg/bush (Tsvetochny); canteens - from 5.5 (Talisman) to 9.7 kg/bush (Rapture). According to the average weight of the bunch, Grushevsky white (312 g) stood out among the technical varieties, surpassing other varieties of this group by 111 ... 200 g, among table varieties - Rusmol (619 g), ahead of other table varieties by 133 ... varieties was high and very high (from 20.7 to 23.4 g/100 cm3), in table varieties - medium and low (from 16.2 to 18.9 g/100 cm3). Tasting scores of wines from berries of technical grades were at the level of 8.4…8.5 points, from table fruits – 7.8…8.5 points. In general, changes in the climatic conditions of the Lower Don region did not affect the economically valuable traits of the studied varieties of domestic selection.
THE RESULTS OF MONITORING THE CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL, PLANTS AND SNOW COVER NEAR HIGHWAYS SELECTED can BE REMOVED AT VARIOUS DISTANCES FROM THE CITY OF ULYANOVSK
Authors: Saydyasheva Galina , Zaharov Sergey
Published: January 2023

Studies to study the contamination of agricultural landscapes with heavy metals were carried out in Ulyanovsk region. The materials for the research were soils, plants and snow cover, sampling of which was carried out near highways in different directions and distances (5 km, 10 km and 15 km) from the city of Ulyanovsk. In the east direction from the city, a pattern of increasing the content of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni in the soil (gross and mobile form), plants and snow cover was traced. In soil samples, Zn was the most mobile, the amount of which (mobile form) varied from 7.0 to 10.7 mg/kg, the content of mobile compounds Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni did not change significantly. In 5 km (east of Ulyanovsk), the maximum values for the content of heavy metals in plants were found for Zn – 27.8 mg/kg; Cu – 18.9 mg/kg; Pb – 0.62 mg/kg; Cd – 0.30 mg/kg, Ni – 0.87mg/kg of dry matter, there was no excess of MDU it was established in none of the observation sites. A direct dependence of the cadmium content in plants on its content in soils was noted, with an increase in the content in the soil (5.9 mg/kg), its content in plants increased to 0.30 mg/kg. The content of Zn, Cu, Ni at all snow collection points is significantly lower than the MPC. The excess of the MPC was recorded at almost all sampling points in terms of Pb and Cd content by 2.0...7.0 times.
VIRULENCE OF FUNGI OF THE GENUS FUSARIUM PARASITIZING ON CEREAL CROPS IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA
Authors: Chastukhina Inna , Meshcherov Azat , Ryazanov Egor , Sahabutdinov Ildar , Ponomareva Mira
Published: January 2023

Infectious diseases caused by fungi from the Fusarium genus are one of the main reasons for the decrease in yield and quality of grain crops. The aim of the study is to identify the most virulent fungal isolates of the Fusarium genus inhabiting the territory of the Tatarstan Republic and its neighbouring regions of the Volga Federal District. Wheat and rye spikes were collected in the summer of 2022 at the spike ripening stage. Thirteen fungal strains were isolated from obtained plant material and preliminary attributed as Fusarium species based on morphological characteristics. By analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer) region of ribosomal genes, the obtained fungal isolates were confirmed to belong to the Fusarium genus. Most of these isolates were attributed to the species F. sporotrichioides, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. poae, while some isolates were identified at the genus level. Using virulence assays with wheat grain and rye plants in vitro, four isolated fungal strains were characterized as highly virulent. Based on the analysis of ITS2 sequences, the highly virulent Fusarium strains were assigned to F. sporotrichioides (1 strain), F. culmorum (1 strain), and F. oxysporum (2 strains). Other fungal strains (9 isolates) were characterized as low- or moderately virulent. In addition to the pronounced virulence properties, the detected Fusarium species have the potential ability to produce mycotoxins dangerous for humans and farm animals, which actualizes the need for detailed phytosanitary studies on the territory of the Tatarstan Republic and its neighbouring regions of the Volga Federal District.
TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING BIOGAS FROM AGRICULTURAL PLANT WASTE WITH HIGH BIOAVAILABILITY ACTIVATED BY THE METHOD OF STEAM EXPLOSIVE TREATMENT
Authors: Prosvirnikov Dmitriy , Ziganshin Bulat , Gizatullina Liliya , Gayfullin Ilnur
Published: January 2023

The research was carried out in order to obtain new data on effective methanogenesis during fermentation of lignocellulose raw materials activated by steam blasting. Vegetable agricultural waste - wheat straw and spelt husk are used as raw materials. Activation of pre-crushed and moistened (in the medium "acetic acid-water" in a ratio of 1:19) to 130...140% of the raw materials were carried out on a steam-explosive hydrolysis unit at a temperature of 160, 190 and 220 ° C for 5 minutes. After analyzing the component composition of the initial and activated raw materials according to standard methods, the samples were subjected to microbiological treatment in the presence of the enzyme preparation SUKAZYM ZH-1002 (Shandong, China) in powder form. Conditions for methane fermentation: the concentration of the substrate is 166 g / l, the hydromodule is 1:6, the consumption of the enzyme preparation is 0.05 g / g of the substrate, pH 6.5 ...7.5, temperature 32...35°C, without stirring and without oxygen access, duration - 46 days. The amount of gas produced was determined by the volume method daily, as well as by the accrual method. The content of CO2, CH4, N2 and H2 was determined on a GAMMA-100 gas analyzer; the calorific value was determined on a differential scanning calorimeter DSC 823e. Steam-explosive activation of agricultural plant waste increases the bioavailability of raw materials, which allows generating 1.4...1.8 times more biogas on the activated substrate compared to samples without treatment. The optimal temperature for steam blasting of wheat straw and husk of spelt can be considered 190 and 160 ° C, the duration of methane fermentation is 44 and 40 days. accordingly. With these parameters, the maximum biogas yield of 137.3 and 141.7 ml per 1 g of substrate is achieved with a methane content of 56 and 54 vol. %. The calorific value of biogas is 6692 and 6214 kcal/m3, respectively.
Monkeypox - new epidemiological threat? Review of the current literature
Authors: Jarosz Dominika , Grudzińska Aleksandra , Dudzińska Paulina , Milanowska Małgorzata , Tsitko Hanna
Published: January 2023

The mokeypox is zoonotic disease caused by an orthopoxvirus, which was first isolated and identified in 1959 among captive monkeys transported to Copenhagen, Denmark from Africa for research purposes. Monkeypox in humans was initially diagnosed in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and then it has spread to other regions of Africa. The monkeypox cases in Africa were neglected by the scientific community for past decades till 2022, when thousands of cases were reported  from nonendemic countries around Europe and in the western hemisphere. Therefore monkeypox has recently been labelled as a public health emergency of international concern by the WHO. Monkeypox virus is believed to have several modes of transmission, all of which are associated with direct or indirect contact with infected animals or infected humans. The diagnosis of monkeypox infection is based on the history, clinical symptoms and laboratory tests such as PCR.The illness begins with nonspecific symptoms such as fever, lethargy, lymphadenopathy, myalgias and then it occures the rash first on the face and then across the body which lasts for 2–4 weeks. Most cases of monkeypox are mild and self-limited disease, which require only supportive treatments. However in very severe cases antiviral medications such as tecovirimat may be administered.  Smallpox vaccination has been estimated to provide 85% cross-protection against monkeypox infection. The main problem is there is a huge population born only after the discontinuation of the smallpox vaccination campaign with  lack of cross-protective immunity. The question is - the monkeypox is only old neglected foe or a new epidemiological threat?
Comunidad LGBTIQ+ en un contexto Rural y la Felicidad en tiempos de Pandemia.
Authors: Araque-Barboza Francis-Yrama , Méndez Ana-Gabriela , Silvera-Mishell Charris , Cabana-Diazgranados Camila
Published: January 2023

Las representaciones sociales hacia la comunidad gay, lésbica, bisexual, transgénero, intersexual, queer, se enmarcan en un contexto social influenciado por la crianza y el imaginario social, estas ideas elaboradas colectiva y generacionalmen- te han afectado el derecho a la felicidad de los grupos LGTBI+, de manera que el objetivo principal del estudio fue de- velar cuáles son estas representaciones sociales en una zona rural de Palmar de Varela/Atlántico-Colombia, y como afec- tan su derecho a la felicidad. Se planteó y utilizó la metodología cualitativa con el fin de interpretar los procesos sociales, a través de los resultados obtenidos por la entrevista abierta y a profundidad aplicada de manera virtual a 12 participantes, donde se evidencio discriminación, opiniones negativas, poca interacción social con las personas pertenecientes al colectivo, falta de aceptación, carencia de igualdad y poco respeto por su derecho a una vida plena y feliz. Basando sus opiniones principalmente en las creencias inculcadas de generación en generación.
Panny benedyktynki obrządków łacińskiego i ormiańskiego we Lwowie – ślady koegzystencji i wzajemnych relacji
Authors: Ososko Urszula
Published: January 2023

BENEDICTINE NUNS OF THE LATIN AND ARMENIAN RITES IN LWÓW – THE TRACES OF COEXISTENCE AND MUTUAL RELATIONS The article analyses relations between two monasteries of the Benedictine nuns in Lwów – Latin and Armenian – from the 17th century to the 20th century. The source base includes here the archives of the Latin Benedictine nuns, taken away in 1946 from Lwów (since then: Lviv) and kept in their monastery in Krzeszów, Lower Silesia. The author demonstrated closeness and multiplicity of the relations, determined many episodes unknown by now and showed in new light some facts which have been already known.
Badania języka ormiańsko-kipczackiego w dorobku naukowym profesora Edwarda Tryjarskiego
Authors: Siemieniec-Gołaś Ewa
Published: January 2023

THE RESEARCH OF THE ARMENIAN KIPCHAK LANGUAGE IN THE SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF PROFESSOR EDWARD TRYJARSKI (1923-2021)

The Armenian Kipchak language is the language of the Polish Armenians inhabiting the former Polish eastern borderlands (mainly cities: Lwów, Kamieniec Podolski, Zamość). The time of the highest activity of this peculiar linguistic phenomenon includes the 16th and 17th centuries. Edward Tryjarski was an outstanding Polish orientalist who conducted research on this language which is also treated as a dialect or ethnolect. The purpose of the article is to present the scientific work of Professor Tryjarski connected just with this issue.
Spotkania Arama Sarkisjana w Kaliningradzie, Warszawie (z Lechem Kaczyńskim) i Waszyngtonie w 2003 roku
Authors: Jeremian Wigen
Published: January 2023

ARAM SARGSYAN’S MEETINGS IN KALININGRAD, WARSAW (WITH LECH KACZYNSKI) AND WASHINGTON IN 2003

An unknown episode in the political activities of former Armenian Prime Minister Aram Sargsyan in 2003 concerns his contacts with Lech Kaczynski, then president of Warsaw and future president of Poland, and shows in a new light the role of the Polish politician in Caucasus politics and the US-Russian rivalry even before the 2008 Georgian crisis.
Niemiecki przekład dzieła Minasa Byżyszkianca, Podróż do Polski (Der Reisebericht des Minas Bžškeancc über die Armenier im östlichen Europa (1830), Übersetzt und kommentiert von Bálint Kovács und Grigor Grigoryan. Herausgegeben von Bálint Kovács und Grigo
Authors: Pisowicz Andrzej
Published: January 2023

A GERMAN TRANSLATION OF THE WORK A JOURNEY TO POLAND OF MINAS BZHSHKYAN

The author of the review characterises the contents of a German translation of the classical work concerning the Polish Armenians, i.e. A Journey to Poland of the Mechitarist Minas Bzhshkyan, published in Venice in 1830, indicating mistakes and omissions.
Wystawa „Kobiety pod znakiem Krzyża. Ormiańskie benedyktynki ze Lwowa i ich duchowość”, Kraków, Muzeum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 13 sierpnia – 12 listopada 2022 roku .
Authors: Stopka Krzysztof
Published: January 2023

THE EXHIBITION “WOMEN UNDER THE SIGN OF THE CROSS: THE ARMENIAN BENEDICTINE NUNS FROM LWÓW AND THEIR SPIRITUALITY”, KRAKÓW, MUSEUM OF THE JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY, AUGUST 13– NOVEMBER 12, 2022

The reviewer discusses an exhibition devoted to the convent of the Benedictine nuns of the Armenian rite in Lwów, existing from the end of the 17th century to the 20th century. It has been organised in 2022 by the Museum of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków gathering its own exhibits as well as artifacts from the Foundation of Culture and Heritage of the Polish Armenians, many convents, libraries and museums.
Comparación de los patrones espaciales de la segregación residencial y su relación con la movilidad cotidiana en las principales aglomeraciones urbanas de Colombia: Bogotá, Medellín y Cali
Authors: Mayorga Henao José Mario
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de la investigación es describir la relación entre la segregación residencial y las ten­dencias de movilidad cotidiana en las aglomeraciones urbanas de Bogotá, Cali y Medellín. Se aborda con una discusión conceptual sobre la segregación residencial, el impacto en la movilidad cotidiana y la necesidad de hacer estudios comparativos sobre el fenómeno. En la investigación se usan diferentes técnicas geoestadísticas para calcular un indicador micro que permita ver la calidad de vida espacializada en las tres aglomeraciones urbanas y se evalúa su relación con la movilidad cotidiana. Como resultado se obtiene que la segregación presenta particularidades en la tendencia espacial presente en Bogotá, Cali y Medellín, que produce una baja probabilidad de interacción entre los grupos con calidad de vida baja y calidad de vida alta y una movilidad cotidiana de viajes no laborales que se restringe significativamente a una interacción entre po­blación con la misma calidad de vida.
Recovering Implied Volatility
Authors: Kadan Ohad , Liu Fang , Tang Xiaoxiao
Published: January 2023

We propose a methodology for estimating option-implied, forward-looking variances and covariances of assets and portfolios, which may not possess actively traded options. Our approach relies on the observation that, if asset returns follow a factor structure, then the variances and covariances of the factors span the systematic variances and covariances of assets. We implement the methodology empirically and show that our forward-looking moment estimates provide useful implications for the prediction of jumps and for portfolio choice.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4653 .
The Economic Value of Blockchain Applications: Early Evidence from Asset-Backed Securities
Authors: Chen Xia , Cheng Qiang , Luo Ting
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we evaluate the economic value of a blockchain application. In the context of asset-backed securities (ABS) issuance in China, where some ABS are issued with blockchain technology and others are not, we find that the use of blockchain significantly reduces the coupon yield at issuance. Compared with other ABS, those issued using blockchain technology experience a decrease of 31.4 basis points in the yield spread, which corresponds to a relative decrease of 13%. We further document that the effect of blockchain is more pronounced for ABS deals rated by less reputable credit rating agencies and agencies that rely more on issuers for their rating business, for revolving ABS, and for ABS with a larger number of underlying assets. We also find that the use of blockchain can reduce the level of retained interest and number of credit enhancement mechanisms. This paper contributes to the literature by providing a small-sample analysis of the economic value of a blockchain application in financial markets.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.

Funding: X. Chen and Q. Cheng acknowledge funding provided by the Lee Kong Chian Professorship at Singapore Management University. This work was supported by Singapore Ministry of Education [Grant MOE-T2EP40120-0005].

Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4671 .
Teachers' Awareness of Students' Learning Situations During Distance Learning: Implications for Students' Academic Performance
Authors: Capinding Andie Tangonan
Published: January 2023

This study focused on teachers' awareness of students' learning situations during distance learning. It took place at the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST) - Gabaldon Campus during the academic year 2021-2022. The study employed descriptive-comparative and descriptive-correlational designs. The 249 students were selected using a stratified sampling technique, whereas the 25 teachers were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Findings revealed that teachers are aware of their students' situations. The students believe that they faced learning challenges during distance learning. There is a significant difference between male and female teachers in terms of student learning environment awareness, but no statistically significant difference in the teacher's awareness of the student's learning situation across age groups, service years, and academic rank. There is a significant difference in the learning anxiety of male and female students but not in the learning environment and blended learning readiness. The learning environment and readiness for blended learning do not differ significantly across age groups of students, but anxiety does. A statistically significant difference in student readiness in blended learning was observed based on students' courses but not on the learning environment or anxiety. There is no significant difference in students' learning situations based on family income or parental educational attainment. There was no significant difference in student achievement based on the teachers' level of awareness. Achievement is positively correlated with learning environment and readiness but negatively associated with anxiety. In addition, the study discussed its theoretical and practical implications.  
Notícias
Authors: Notícias Transfer
Published: January 2023

1.Fourth Biannual Conference of ATISA (American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association) "Meeting at the Border: Profile of the Language Mediator"April 3-5, 2008 atUniversity ofTexas atEl Paso. The American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association (ATISA) invites you to attend the fourth ATISA Conference, "Meeting at the Border: Profile of the Language Mediator." The conference will be held at the University of Texas-El PasoApril 3-5, 2008. 2.En la Universidad de Barcelona (Facultad de Filología) se ha celebrado el Seminario Internacional de Especialización “Traducir la diferencia”, del 18 al 20 de abril de 2007. 3.International Conference: "Languages and Cultures in Contact",Herceg Novi,Montenegro,September 16 - 18, 2007.  The Institute of Foreign Languages, University of Montenegro, organizes the second conference on intercultural communication entitled "Languages and Cultures in Contact". The conference is aimed at bringing together theories and practices, linguistic research, translation practices, pedagogical principles and teaching experience in introducing intercultural communication in the teaching/learning process and literature as a means of promoting Intercultural communication. For further information about accommodation: http://www.institut.cg.yu
Noticias
Authors: Notícias Transfer
Published: January 2023

1.Fourth Biannual Conference of ATISA (American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association) "Meeting at the Border: Profile of the Language Mediator"April 3-5, 2008 atUniversity ofTexas atEl Paso. The American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association (ATISA) invites you to attend the fourth ATISA Conference, "Meeting at the Border: Profile of the Language Mediator." The conference will be held at the University of Texas-El PasoApril 3-5, 2008. 2.En la Universidad de Barcelona (Facultad de Filología) se ha celebrado el Seminario Internacional de Especialización “Traducir la diferencia”, del 18 al 20 de abril de 2007. 3.International Conference: "Languages and Cultures in Contact",Herceg Novi,Montenegro,September 16 - 18, 2007.  The Institute of Foreign Languages, University of Montenegro, organizes the second conference on intercultural communication entitled "Languages and Cultures in Contact". The conference is aimed at bringing together theories and practices, linguistic research, translation practices, pedagogical principles and teaching experience in introducing intercultural communication in the teaching/learning process and literature as a means of promoting Intercultural communication. For further information about accommodation: http://www.institut.cg.yu