bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using an Incremental Testing Strategy to Improve Students’ Perception of Software Quality
Authors: Santos Italo , Mori Allan , Souza Simone R. S.
Published: July 2021

Teaching software testing should include a broad view of the main techniques, criteria, and tools. In general, students have few opportunities to test their code-projects suitably during the undergraduate course and, therefore, teaching software testing in practice is crucial to students recognize the advantages and limitations of different testing techniques. This paper reports the experience of teaching software testing in practice, with students applying an incremental testing strategy to validate their software projects. Students selected a software project developed during their undergraduate and an incremental testing strategy, including testing criteria learned in the class. The students should choose the testing techniques, apply them and write a report with the results and perceptions. Through this experience, it was possible to show to the students, in practice, the importance of combining more than one technique during the software testing activity.
Avaliação da Influência dos Tamanhos das Turmas de Programação no Desempenho dos Estudantes de Computação
Authors: Silva Leonardo
Published: July 2021

Sabe-se que o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de programação é complexo e impactado por inúmeras variáveis. Dentre elas, professores e pesquisadores argumentam que o elevado número de alunos em turmas de programação influencia negativamente o aprendizado. Esta temática foi objeto de investigação em diferentes contextos internacionais, e foi observada uma carência de dados no contexto brasileiro, o qual espera-se mitigar com o presente estudo. Portanto, este trabalho tem por objetivo fornecer evidências estatísticas sobre essa temática, o que pode subsidiar políticas educacionais na área de educação em computação. Os dados acadêmicos de 206 estudantes matriculados em um curso técnico de informática integrado ao ensino médio foram analisados. Para a amostra realizada, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os desempenhos dos estudantes de turmas com mais ou menos alunos. As implicações ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem de programação são discutidas.
ECS e EMCS: Simuladores de Caches para o Apoio Pedagógico no Ensino de Arquitetura de Computadores
Authors: Lima Dawson Paiva , Moreano Nahri
Published: July 2021

Simuladores educacionais são ferramentas fundamentais no ensino das disciplinas da área de Arquitetura e Organização de Computadores, pois facilitam a compreensão do comportamento do sistema modelado e sua avaliação, aprofundando o aprendizado dos conceitos teóricos estudados. Este trabalho apresenta dois simuladores de memórias cache para apoio pedagógico, o Educational Cache Simulator e o Educational Multi-Level Caches Simulator, que modelam um único nível ou dois níveis de memória cache, respectivamente. Ambos possuem uma interface gráfica intuitiva e interativa, possibilitam a escolha de diferentes configurações para as caches e o acompanhamento do comportamento da cache a cada acesso e produzem resultados de desempenho. O primeiro também oferece uma representação gráfica da organização da cache e a visualização dos acessos à mesma. Os simuladores podem ser usados na realização de experimentos em aulas práticas e no estudo extra-classe, promovendo o aprendizado ativo e a integração teoria-prática.
Mapeamento sistemático sobre resolução de problemas em disciplina introdutória de programação com teste de software
Authors: Feitosa Yuri Rafael Grajefe , Silva Marco Aurélio Graciotto , Fabri José Augusto
Published: July 2021

Teste de software é um forma de tratar as dificuldades enfrentadas no processo de aprendizagem de programação para alunos iniciantes nos cursos de Computação. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar estudos neste tema com relação à resolução de problemas em disciplinas introdutórias de programação. Para isto, foi realizado um mapeamento sistemático com base na resolução de problemas em disciplinas introdutórias de programação com a aplicação de técnicas de teste de software e TDD (Test-Driven Development) como forma de estruturar melhor o raciocino lógico do aluno. Diversas abordagens foram identificadas, com resultados positivos quanto à resolução de problemas em disciplinas introdutórias de programação com auxílio de teste de software.
Uma Revisão Sobre a Formação Docente para o Ensino-Aprendizagem do Raciocínio Computacional no Brasil
Authors: Sokolonski Ana Carolina , Sá Alirio Santos de , Macêdo Raimundo José de Araújo
Published: July 2021

Nos últimos anos, diversas abordagens de ensino-aprendizagem de Raciocínio ou Pensamento Computacional têm sido propostas e investigadas. Recentemente, com a publicação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) para o Ensino Básico e suas prescritas competências, o ensino-aprendizagem do Raciocínio Computacional (RC) tornou-se um grande desafio a ser superado, tendo em vista a necessidade de formação docente adequada para atender a enorme demanda iminente. Neste artigo, através de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, foi traçado um cenário da formação de docentes para o ensino-aprendizagem do Raciocínio Computacional no Brasil. Para tanto, as publicações selecionadas foram classificadas e analisadas por ano de publicação, tipo de estudo, abordagem de ensino-aprendizagem utilizada, público-alvo investigado, habilidades do RC desenvolvidas e uso de ensino online. Por fim, baseado nas análises, destacam-se as vantagens e desvantagens, desafios e trabalhos futuros.
Utilizando o Modelo ADDIE para o Desenvolvimento e Avaliação de um Processo Educacional Inspirado na Educação 4.0
Authors: Silva Deivid Eive , Corrêa Sobrinho Marialina , Valentim Natasha Malveira C.
Published: July 2021

A Educação 4.0 é um paradigma de aprendizagem centrado no estudante que busca prepará-los para o mundo contemporâneo. Portanto, este artigo apresenta o uso das etapas do modelo ADDIE (Analisar, Projetar, Desenvolver, Implementar e Avaliar) para a concepção e evolução do Teacher Assistance Educational Process (TAEP4.0). O TAEP4.0 objetiva apoiar os professores na preparação de aulas baseadas no contexto da Educação 4.0. O TAEP4.0 também incentiva o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades do Século XXI, como resolução de problemas, pensamento crítico e criatividade. Para este fim, o TAEP4.0 incentiva o uso dos recursos tecnológicos disponíveis na escola.
Internationales Privatrecht unterrichten
Authors: Wilke Felix M.
Published: July 2021

Das Internationale Privatrecht wird in der Praxis immer wichtiger und ist nicht zuletzt für eine wissenschaftlich geprägte Ausbildung in verschiedener Hinsicht reizvoll. Gleichwohl steht es häufig im Schatten anderer juristischer Teilfächer. Eine eigene Didaktik besteht erst in Ansätzen. Ausgehend von diesem Befund stellt der Beitrag die Besonderheiten des Faches dar und zieht daraus Folgerungen für dessen erfolgreiche Vermittlung. Eigene Umsetzungsbeispiele illustrieren die allgemeinen Erwägungen.
Unionsrechtliche Gestaltungsspielräume für die Arbeitszeit von Wissensarbeitern
Authors: Pickenhahn Christiane
Published: July 2021

"Is the Working Hours Act still up to date?"

This question is one of the hot topics of the digital world of work. There is agreement that new technologies make it possible to work independently of time and place. However, opinions differ on the effects of ever new technical possibilities on the protection of working time.

This work is dedicated to the legal phenomenon of knowledge work and shows as yet unused possibilities for making working time law more flexible. Based on an examination of the deviation regulations of the Working Time Directive, the author formulates proposals for reforming the ArbZG.
Innovationen in Qualität bei variierender Fachkraftquote
Authors: Brühl Albert
Published: July 2021

Different levels of differentiation between residents in need of care are reflected in the number of differentiations made systematically across all residents. Some caregivers only roughly divide residents into two groups, e.g. extremely dependent and independent residents. Other caregivers are able to differentiate much more finely and do so systematically. Whether systems can be found in this respect, how complex they are and what kind of testing such systems can withstand can be analysed statistically. The currently regulated specialist staffing ratios do not ensure a minimum level of specialist staffing, since they are based on degrees of care and only account for ten per cent of specialist staff time. The current systems for staffing and quality assurance must be overcome if care is to be developed and not just capped.
Performative morphology in architecture: Integrative design research by the Institute for computational design
Authors: Menges Achim
Published: July 2021

Computation, in its most basic meaning, refers to the processing of information. In this way, both machinic processes operating in the binary realm of the digital, as well as material processes operating in the complex domain of the physical can be considered computational. While there is a strong bias towards the former in contemporary design, sporadic investigations of the later have also occurred in architecture. What is more rarely explored, though, is the territory where machine computation and material computation potentially overlap, where they not simply co-exist but intensely interact in the design process. Such an integrative approach to machine and material computation forms a central part of the research pursued at the Institute for Computational Design at the University of Stuttgart. This paper will introduce the related design research through the presentation of three research projects. The first part of the paper focuses on the explanation of the theoretical framework of the Institute's approach to design computation, which finds its conceptual roots in the integrative processes of biological becoming rather than the striated processes of established technological production. It seeks to outline novel possibilities for a higher level of integration of form, information and performance in architecture through the possible synthesis of machine and material computation in morphogenetic design. The second part of the paper will provide specific examples of such a computational approach by introducing three related research areas. The possible integration of material behaviour as an active driver in computational design processes will be introduced through a first research project focusing on bending-active structures constructed from thin plywood lamellas. The second research project constitutes an example for the integration of materialization characteristics by encoding the possibilities and limits of robotic fabrication for modular wood shell structures in design computation. The third research project introduces the integration of material structure by embedding the complex reciprocities of form, material, structure and performance resulting from robotic carbon and glass fibre filament winding in a generative morphogenetic design process.
In[form]ation: Smart living architecture
Authors: Markopoulou Areti , Rubio Rodrigo , Laarman Joris , Jokić Saša , Novikov Petr , Díez-Ladera Tomas
Published: July 2021

As Information Era Technologies and their impacts on architecture change, their relationship calls for new or adapted concepts, where Buildings and Cities seamlessly intertwine with digital content and where the language of electronic connections tie in with the language of physical connections. Architecture cannot be just inhabited and rigid, but users and the environment should integrate with it. If computers were once the size of buildings, buildings are now becoming computers capable of performing on I/O Communication protocols or being programmed at molecular-material-nanoscale, or even operating on self-learning genetic algorithms. If the public space we inhabit today was basically constructed at the start of the Industrial Revolution, the Information Society is now bringing to bear new principles and technologies with which to rethink the functioning and structure of the streets, avenues, squares and infrastructure of the City.
Forms of saturation: Discrete and continuous events in architectural design
Authors: Bettum Johan
Published: July 2021

This essay addresses the opportunities and limits of architectural design at the juncture of technology and disciplinary specific developments in architecture. The theoretical model that it develops encapsulates the essences of what it means to work with respectively digital and analogue modeling systems. It poses a release from the continuous crisis of architectural education in coping with the onslaught of the digital. Moreover, it addresses the uncritical obsession that architectural academia has with this technology without relapsing into the various forms of reactionary practices that are currently emerging in the profession as well as the schools. The discussion focuses on systems and regimes of representation within architectural design and production and problematizes the role of digital and computational design procedures with respect to analogue systems of representation, architecture's infinite construction of our physical environment and the inherent limitations of digital systems given their 'rational' character. The essay attempts to address the influence and status of the digital by focusing on an inclusive notion of space. This is both architectural space but also the productive design space in which architects work. In unfolding the argument, three artworks have been discussed and the initial premise for the argument is based on art theory.
Digital grotesque: Towards a micro-tectonic architecture
Authors: Hansmeyer Michael , Dillenburger Benjamin
Published: July 2021

Computational design allows for architecture with an extraordinary degree of topographical and topological complexity. Limitations of traditional CNC technologies have until recently precluded this architecture from being fabricated. While additive manufacturing has made it possible to materialize these complex forms, this has occurred only at a very small scale. In trying to apply additive manufacturing to the construction of full-scale architecture, one encounters a dilemma: existing large-scale 3D printing methods can only print highly simplified shapes with rough details, while existing high-resolution technologies have limited print spaces, high costs, or material attributes that preclude a structural use. This paper provides a brief background on additive manufacturing technology and presents recent developments in sand-printing technology that overcome current 3D printing restrictions. It then presents a specific experiment, Digital Grotesque project, which is the first application of 3D sand-printing technology at an architecture scale. It describes how this project attempts to exploit the potentials of these new technologies.
CITA: Working for and with material performance
Authors: Tamke Martin
Published: July 2021

The understanding of materials as active, whether compressed, under tension or flexed, allows for novel solutions that extend and challenge the space of design. The approaches towards the integration of material behaviour on the conceptual, construction, production as well as on the level of digital design system can serve as a blueprint of how to design with the complexity that characterises the current design space of building practice. This paper focuses on four different approaches to integrate material performance into digital design exemplified in four physical demonstrators by CITA, the Centre for Information Technology and Architecture in Copenhagen.
(Soc)realisms in practice: Re-reading the Soviet experience in the 1930s
Authors: de Magistris
Published: July 2021

The discourse on realism in contemporary architectural debate seems to circumvent the complexity of the historical roots of this phenomenon in the twentieth century architecture and, in particular, the discourse on socialist realism: a source of many perspectives gravitating around the idea of realism in postwar period and constituting a significant moment in the theoretical debate and design practice between the thirties and the fifties, until the death of Stalin. The aim of this article is to propose an articulated reflection on the experience of socrealism, explored in its "formative" years, in the crucial phase of its elaboration. Far from being the result of a rigid, top-down theoretical determination, realism was defined in a pragmatic way, on many worksites of design practice and theory. The eclecticism and plurality of its expressions, gravitating around the idea of critical assimilation of history, explains the developments of the socrealism between war and post-war in The USSR and in Eastern European countries and finds its clearest statement in the Moscow metro.
Manfredo Tafuri and the critique of realism
Authors: Skansi Luka
Published: July 2021

One of the main themes of Manfredo Tafuri's historical work, whether he was analyzing Renaissance, Enlightenment or the 20th century architecture, has been that of trying to illustrate the distance between architect's work and reality. This topic is also the premise, the introductory theoretical frame for his critical and historical discourses that are inherent to his "critique of realism": a critique that was expressed in the essay Architettura e Realismo [Architecture and Realism], published in 1985. A text that represented the conclusion of Tafuri's observation on the Italian postwar architectural culture. In this essay the Italian neorealism became the object of a rather unique historical contextualization, the object of Tafuri's deep critique and, ultimately, of his demystification.
Frank Lloyd Wright, Ayn Rand and hyper-capitalist utopia
Authors: Vujošević Tijana
Published: July 2021

This paper is a parallel reading of Frank Lloyd Wright's treatise Disappearing City and Ayn Rand's novel The Fountainhead. The author explores the rhetoric of anti-urban utopias of the Depression-era inspired by the myth of the American pioneer and the conquest of the frontier. She identifies three characteristics of Wright and Rand's anti-urban constructs: the celebration of virility, the denial of political engagement and anti-intellectualism, all combined in the dream of primordial, ideal capitalism. What are the contradictions and inconsistencies inherent in building an anti-urban utopia? This is the question this paper intends to answer.
The digital: From complexity to simplicity: And back
Authors: Carpo Mario
Published: July 2021

At the beginning of the digital turn, in the early 1990s, digitally intelligent architecture was generally perceived as curvilinear, smooth, and streamlined. Why? Computers are extraordinarily versatile machines, and they do not express aesthetic preferences. It is evident that this is not what Peter Eisenman, who was among the inventors of the first digital style in the 1990s, then had in mind. And why is it that today the style of digitally intelligent architecture appears to be changing again? These are (some) issues addressed in this short paper questioning why and how the digital as a tool engages, masters and produces complexity.
What is architectural research today and where is the ground?
Authors: Stojanović Đorđe
Published: July 2021

Why make large structures from rubber bands with students of architecture? How does such an endeavour relate to architectural education? And if rubber band structures are neither buildings, nor models of buildings, but experiments of some sort, what kind of knowledge do they generate relevant to construction industry and the built environment? These are some of the issues which have surfaced at the conference "ISSUES? Concerning the projects of Peter Eisenman" held in Belgrade in November 2013. They are related to a string of design research projects recently completed at the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture and documented in the thematic volume of Serbian Architectural Journal titled "Architectural Education in the Post Digital Age" which was published independently but almost concurrently with the conference. In continuity with arguments given in that publication, this paper will provide a brief overview of some relevant and generally accepted theories and manifestos related to design research methodologies, providing grounds for the current work at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade.
Concept of a device as an analytical tool in research of architectural queer space
Authors: Burmaz Branko
Published: July 2021

Some analyses of spatial practice in architecture use the concept of architectural structure as a device of perception. Metaphor of a device makes possible to merge static representations of spatial models, with dynamic spatial experiences. In research of architectural queer space, a space produced through self-organized practices, and ignored by architectural discipline, concept of a device as an analytical tool, which confronts what is lived, to what is conceived, can be fairly useful. I consider the two of devices, one introduced by Beatriz Colomina as a framing device in her analysis of gendered space, and the other one, an orientation device from "Queer phenomenology" by Sara Ahmed. I argue that, at the beginning of normalization, architecture, working as a device of perception, produces queer space, by simultaneous mechanisms of framing and hiding, and orientation and disorientation. The power of these devices is what makes gapping divide in space and society.
The development of the Delta and Brajdica areas in post-WWII Rijeka: Between vision and reality
Authors: Butković-Mićin Lidija
Published: July 2021

The municipal amalgamation of Rijeka and Sušak in the post-WWII period opened the question of the spatial and functional integration of the two previously independent towns. The Delta and Brajdica areas, reclaimed from the sea in the mid-1800s to accommodate harbour and railway facilities, were regarded as valuable spatial resources for locating the administrative, cultural, recreational and commercial services befitting the new metropolis. The article will present the urban planning documents and the (un)realized projects designed for the transformation of the Delta and Brajdica areas during the 1940s and 1950s that revealed the growing gap between the urban planners' aspirations and the realities of those times.
Phenomenon of transparency: Cityscape transformations mapping research issues
Authors: Zlatković Snežana
Published: July 2021

The aim of this article is to propose methodological layers, developed during PhD research, which explore the impact of transparency in relation to the transformations of the city. First two parts of the process investigate the impact of transparency by decoding (in) visible cityscape transformations, towards mapping the fragments of intersections between individual atmospheres. After merging static and dynamic activity states of the phenomenon of transparency, the fourth layer shifts perception by zooming in and out - from the city as a whole, towards its individual spatial values and specific aspects. Analysis ends with (de)fragmentation reading via drawing as a critical tool for resolving spatial conflicts. Layer by layer, the proposed methodology determines the influence of the phenomenon of transparency on architectural design process, and its importance for rethinking and understanding the problems and potentials of cityscape transformations.
“In My Opinion: Does Race Matter?”
Authors: Martin Danny Bernard , Berry Introduction by: Robert Q.
Published: July 2021

From the Archives highlights articles from NCTM’s legacy journals, as chosen by leaders in mathematics education.
GPS: Place-Value Penguins
Authors: Lin Cheng-Yao , Hamavid Aviva
Published: July 2021

Growing Problem Solvers provides four original, related, classroom-ready mathematical tasks, one for each grade band. Together, these tasks illustrate the trajectory of learners’ growth as problem solvers across their years of school mathematics.
Re-examination of the previously neglected Central Asian Bucculatrix macrognathos and the consequent transfer of this species to Aristotelia, Gelechiidae, with a synonymisation of A. tyttha, syn. nov.
Authors: Bidzilya Oleksiy , Stonis Jonas R.
Published: July 2021

Recent morphological re-examination of the previously neglected Central Asian Bucculatrix macrognathos Puplesis & Diškus, 1996 revealed that this species actually belonged to Aristotelia Hübner, Gelechiidae and resulted in the synonymisation of another Central Asian species, A. tyttha Falkovitsh & Bidzilya, 2003, syn. nov. The paper provides, for the first time, a photographic documentation of the male genitalia of Aristotelia macrognathos (Puplesis & Diškus) (comb. nov.). The female genitalia are also described and illustrated for the first time.
Measuring Productive Derivational Knowledge of the Most Frequent Words
Authors: Barouni Ebrahimi Alireza
Published: July 2021

Derivational knowledge is associated with writing and speaking skills. These skills are essential for EFL students who express themselves in oral presentations or written assignments. Therefore, diagnostic measurement of productive derivational knowledge is of vital importance, especially in regard to the most frequent 1,000 word families that cover 81% and 85% of written and spoken text. This study measured 46 Iranian university EFL students’ productive derivational knowledge of the words at the 1,000 word frequency level. The findings indicate that while participants had the productive form-meaning knowledge of the words at 1,000 level, they did not seem to have extensive derivational knowledge of the same words. This assists in diagnosing area of weakness and placing instructional emphasis on high frequency words.
Indies de province
Authors: Lessard Jonathan , Therrien Carl
Published: July 2021

Cet article s’intéresse à l’émergence de la création vidéoludique au Québec avant le boom industriel et la popularisation du jeu indépendant. À partir d’archives et d’entretiens avec deux concepteurs autodidactes ayant œuvré dans les années 1990, l’article propose un portrait de deux personnalités méconnues de l’histoire québécoise du jeu : Christian Boutin et I-Grec. Ces portraits permettent de diversifier le récit du phénomène indie et de le réinsérer dans une histoire de plus longue durée.
Les laboratoires des entreprises vidéoludiques installées au Québec et les partenariats avec l’université
Authors: Bonenfant Maude , Bonneau Jonathan
Published: July 2021

Il y a une grande production de jeux vidéo au Québec, et, en matière de recherche, la province a su favoriser les partenariats entre les entreprises vidéoludiques et les laboratoires universitaires, les unes et les autres ayant développé une expertise propre. Dans cet article, la question suivante sera d’abord posée : quels genres de recherches sont menées en entreprise? L’objectif n’est pas de faire un relevé systématique des diverses formes que prend la recherche dans toutes les entreprises localisées au Québec, mais plutôt de décrire les principales réalités qui s’y affirment afin de répondre à une seconde question : quel genre de recherche n’est pas menée en entreprise ? La réponse servira à tracer les grandes lignes de possibles partenariats avec des chercheur.se.s s’intéressant aux pratiques de jeu et aux communautés de joueur.se.s, thématique peu étudiée en entreprise. Parmi les laboratoires universitaires, celui de l’Université du Québec à Montréal fera l’objet d’une brève présentation, occasion de situer la recherche qui s’attache à la compréhension des dynamiques identitaires, communicationnelles et sociales au sein des communautés de joueur.se.s. L’article se conclut sur quelques perspectives d’avenir qu’ouvre à la recherche dans ce domaine le développement de l’intelligence artificielle et de l’apprentissage machine.
La créativité dans l’industrie du jeu vidéo au Québec
Authors: Chiapello Laureline
Published: July 2021

En matière de jeu vidéo, la province de Québec est vue comme un pôle de « créativité ». La complexité des phénomènes socioculturels nous pousse à nous interroger sur le sens de ce concept souvent invoqué et valorisé. Qu’entend-on par créativité, qui ou qu’est-ce qui est créatif ? Cet article s’appuie sur une version constructiviste du modèle des 4 P’s (product, process, people, press) pour exposer les limites de la créativité dans l’industrie québécoise du jeu vidéo, en particulier à Montréal. Le modèle adopté ici permet de s’attarder sur différentes dimensions interreliées de la créativité, depuis les politiques économiques gouvernementales jusqu’aux processus de création en passant par les produits créés et les personnes impliquées. Les résultats montrent à première vue une inquiétante absence de créativité. Mais c’est davantage le manque de théorisation et d’opérationnalisation du concept dans le contexte du jeu vidéo québécois qui pose problème. Si l’on souhaite que la province conserve son statut de meneur dans ce secteur, un effort transdisciplinaire de recherche est à entreprendre.
Антиномичност језика и апофатичко богословље Владимира Лоског
Authors: Вучковић Горан
Published: July 2021

Владимир Лоски један је од највећих и најзначајнијих православних богослова 20. вијека, који је својим богословљем дао велики доринос неопатристичкој синтези, ос- тавивши дубок траг у историји Цркве, и на основу чијих дјела ће Запад ближе упознати светоотачко богословље православног Истока. Један од доприноса Лоског јесте афирма- ција апофатичког богословља, које се тиче гносеолошког метода богопознања, не само на плану тријадологије и христологије, него и на плану антропологије. Његов апофатизам, иако у основи светоотачки и дионисијевски, биће поистовјећен не са теологијом негати- вом (theologia negativa) него са мистичким виђењем, тј. теоријом – боговиђењем, чиме апофатика није представљена тек као „метод“ богопознања него као доживљај живог Бога. Доживљај надилази метод; он га у себе укључује. Овај рад представља покушај да се укаже на антиномичност богословља код Владимира Лоског, као и на значај његовог доприно- са поновној актуализацији апофатичког богословља као теологије афирмативе (theologia affirmativa).
Религијски национализам као искушење савременог свештенослужења
Authors: Стојановић Љубивоје
Published: July 2021

Етнофилетизам (религијски национализам) јесте стварно искушење савременог свештенослужења, што не би требало разумети као порицање народности. Реч је о опас- ности колективног егоизма на несигурним темељима порекла и припадности, што битно успорава стварање боголике личности и заједнице. Такође, неопходно је разликовати црк- вену саборност од идеолошких или етничких удруживања. Само онда када успемо да се преобразимо самокритиком као подвигом тражења добрих решења моћи ћемо да покре- немо стварни бољитак у свету. Тако можемо да постанемо ангажовани људи који показују разумевање и остварују јеванђелско усмерење да „већи служе мањима“ (Мт 20, 26–27).
Editor’s Column
Authors: Knezic Mladen
Published: July 2021

THE December issue of Electronics journal in 2019 contains five regular papers that present recent advancements in the field of electronics, audio signal processing and control theory applied to power grids balancing. The paper “A Novel Domino Logic with Modified Keeper in 16nm CMOS Technology”, authored by S. Singhal, A. Mehra, and U. Tripathi, proposes a novel domino logic aimed at improving the power dissipation and reducing consumed area of the circuit. A comparison with previous techniques is provided in the paper as well as simulation results obtained using Ngspice simulator.
A Novel Unsupervised Approach for Land Classification Based on Touzi Scattering Vector Model in the Context of Very High Resolution PolSAR Imagery
Authors: Sun Sheng , Gong Jian , Xu Zhijia
Published: July 2021

With the popularization of very high resolution polarimetric ll-invariant decomposition solution, is employed to extract the scattering properties of different land covers. The parameters of Touzi decomposition act as input dataset for initial classification. A novel classifying algorithm is put forward by means of integrating the Touzi decomposition with conventional Wishart statistical models. Quantitative experiments are then conducted using uninhabited aerial vehicle synthetic aperture radar sample data for evaluating the performance of this new proposed approach. It can be concluded from the experimental results that the new proposed method is superior to the classical method in terms of producer accuracy, user accuracy, and overall accuracy.
Genetic differentiation in the genus Characodon: implications for conservation and taxonomy
Authors: Beltrán-López Rosa G. , Pérez-Rodríguez Rodolfo , Montañez-García Ofelia C. , Artigas-Azas Juan M. , Köck Michael , Mar-Silva Adán F. , Domínguez-Domínguez Omar
Published: July 2021

The subfamily Goodeinae is a group of fishes endemic to the Mexican highlands. Most of the species are restricted to small and isolated streams or springs. Within this subfamily, the genus Characodon is the earliest diverging lineage of which three species have been described: C. lateralis, C. audax, and C. garmani, with the latter, considered extinct. Characodon lateralis and C. audax are classed as endangered, and have been the subject of taxonomic controversy since their description: previous studies have recognized a genetic differentiation in two groups separated by the El Salto waterfall, but morphological analyses contradict these genetic results. We perform a phylogeographic study using the mitochondrial cytb gene and d-loop region to elucidate the evolutionary history of C. lateralis and C. audax. The results with both markers show the presence of two highly differentiated haplogroups; one distributed north and the other distributed south of the waterfall, with genetic distances of 1.7 and 13.1% with cytb and d-loop respectively, and divergence calculated to have occurred 1.41 Mya. Significant genetic structure was found within each haplogroup and suggests the existence of at least four Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) within the examined populations. The possible processes identified as contributing to the formation of differentiated genetic groups are isolation, low population size, recurrent bottlenecks, and the strong sexual selection exhibited by the genus.
Flatfoot in Africa, the cirripedeChthamalusin the west Indian Ocean
Authors: Simon-Blecher Noa , Jacob Avi , Levy Oren , Appelbaum Lior , Elbaz-Ifrah Shiran , Achituv Yair
Published: July 2021

Barnacles of the genusChthamalusare commonly encountered rocky intertidal shores. The phylogeography of the different species in the Western Indian Ocean is unclear. Using morphological characteristics as well as the molecular markers mitochondrial cytochrome oxygenase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear sodium-potassium ATPase (NaKA), we identified four clades representing four species in the Western Indian Ocean and its adjacent seas. Among these species, a newly identified species,Chthamalus barilani, which was found in Madagascar, Zanzibar and Tanzania.Chthamalusfrom the coasts of Tanzania and Zanzibar is identified morphologically asC. malayensis, and clusters withC. malayensisfrom the Western Pacific and the Indo Malayan regions.C. malayensisis regarded as a group of four genetically differentiated clades representing four cryptic species. The newly identified African clade is genetically different from these clades and the pairwise distances between them justify the conclusion that it is an additional cryptic species ofC. malayensis. This type of genetic analyses offers an advantage over morphological characterization and allowed us to reveal that another species,C. barnesi, which is known from the Red Sea, is also distributed in the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. We could also confirm the presence of the South African speciesC. dentatusin the Mozambique channel. This represents the Northeastern limit ofC. dentatus, which is usually distributed along the coast of southern Africa up to the Islands of Cape Verde in West Africa. Altogether, based on a combination of morphology and genetics, we distinct between four clusters ofChthamalus, and designate their distribution in the West Indian Ocean. These distinctions do not agree with the traditional four groups reported previously based merely on morphological data. Furthermore, these findings underline the importance of a combining morphological and genetics tools for constructing barnacle taxonomy.
Identification of a circadian gene signature that predicts overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Xinliang , Tang Mingbo , Tian Suyan , Li Jialin , Liu Wei
Published: July 2021

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common subtypes of lung cancer which is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. Circadian clock disruption has been listed as a likely carcinogen. However, whether the expression of circadian genes affects overall survival (OS) in LUAD patients remains unknown. In this article, we identified a circadian gene signature to predict overall survival in LUAD.

Methods

RNA sequencing (HTSeq-FPKM) data and clinical characteristics were obtained for a cohort of LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A multigene signature based on differentially expressed circadian clock-related genes was generated for the prediction of OS using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)-penalized Cox regression analysis, and externally validated using the GSE72094 dataset from the GEO database.

Results

Five differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified to be significantly associated with OS using univariate Cox proportional regression analysis (P < 0.05). Patients classified as high risk based on these five DEGs had significantly lower OS than those classified as low risk in both the TGCA cohort and GSE72094 dataset (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the five-gene-signature based risk score was an independent predictor of OS (hazard ratio > 1, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves confirmed its prognostic value. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways related to cell proliferation, gene damage repair, proteasomes, and immune and autoimmune diseases were significantly enriched.

Conclusion

A novel circadian gene signature for OS in LUAD was found to be predictive in both the derivation and validation cohorts. Targeting circadian genes is a potential therapeutic option in LUAD.
A review of coral bleaching specimen collection, preservation, and laboratory processing methods
Authors: McLachlan Rowan H. , Dobson Kerri L. , Schmeltzer Emily R. , Vega Thurber Rebecca , Grottoli Andréa G.
Published: July 2021

Under current climate warming predictions, the future of coral reefs is dire. With projected coral reef decline, it is likely that coral specimens for bleaching research will increasingly become a more limited resource in the future. By adopting a holistic approach through increased collaborations, coral bleaching scientists can maximize a specimen’s investigative yield, thus reducing the need to remove more coral material from the reef. Yet to expand a specimen’s utility for additional analytic methods, information on how corals are collected is essential as many methods are variably sensitive to upstream handling and processing. In an effort to identify common practices for coral collection, sacrifice, preservation, and processing in coral bleaching research, we surveyed the literature from the last 6.5 years and created and analyzed the resulting dataset of 171 publications. Since January 2014, at least 21,890 coral specimens were collected for bleaching surveys or bleaching experiments. These specimens spanned 122 species of scleractinian corals where the most frequently sampled were Acropora millepora, Pocillopora damicornis, and Stylophora pistillata. Almost 90% of studies removed fragments from the reef, 6% collected skeletal cores, and 3% collected mucus specimens. The most common methods for sacrificing specimens were snap freezing with liquid nitrogen, chemical preservation (e.g., with ethanol or nucleic acid stabilizing buffer), or airbrushing live fragments. We also characterized 37 distinct methodological pathways from collection to processing of specimens in preparation for a variety of physiological, -omic, microscopy, and imaging analyses. Interestingly, almost half of all studies used only one of six different pathways. These similarities in collection, preservation, and processing methods illustrate that archived coral specimens could be readily shared among researchers for additional analyses. In addition, our review provides a reference for future researchers who are considering which methodological pathway to select to maximize the utility of coral bleaching specimens that they collect.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРИВОДНОГО СЛОЯ С ПАРАМЕТРИЗАЦИЕЙ СТРАТИФИКАЦИИ И ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ВЛИЯНИЯ ВЕТРОВОГО ВОЛНЕНИЯ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Булгаков К.Ю. , Фокина К.В.
Published: July 2021

Известная и неоднократно упоминаемая в публикациях модель одномерного пограничного слоя атмосферы над волнами была дополнена уравнениями диффузии тепла и влаги, формулами для расчета потока тепла и испарения на границе вязкого подслоя. В модель были введены функции устойчивости для расчета скорости диссипации и коэффициентов турбулентной вязкости и диффузии, а также формулы для расчета волновых потоков тепла и влаги. Описывается численная схема модели, входные параметры, используемый волновой спектр, применяемое вертикальное и спектральное разрешение. Проведена серия экспериментов стратифицированного волнового пограничного слоя, в которых менялись: степень развития волнового поля, метеорологические характеристики (скорость ветра, потенциальная температура, влажность) на верхней границе волнового пограничного слоя. Рассчитанные по полученным результатам коэффициенты сопротивления, тепло- и влагообмена сравниваются с подобными коэффициентами, полученными с использованием широко используемой процедуры расчета турбулентных потоков COARE. Показано, что при небольших и умеренных скоростях ветра существенное влияние на тепло- и влагообмен в волновом пограничном слое оказывает стратификация. Степень развития волнового поля оказывает влияние на обмен импульсом при больших скоростях. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для построения новых методов расчета потоков на поверхности океана или уточнения уже существующих алгоритмов.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ТУРБУЛЕНТНОГО ПОГРАНИЧНОГО СЛОЯ PIV-МЕТОДОМ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛАБОРАТОРНОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ТЕЧЕНИЯ НАД МОРСКИМ ДНОМ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Вдовин М.И. , Исаченко И. А. , Кандауров А.А. , Сергеев Д.А. , Чубаренко И.П.
Published: July 2021

Настоящая работа посвящена разработке и применению системы измерения полей скорости течения методом Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) (Анемометрии по Изображениям Частиц) в исследованиях турбулентного пограничного слоя в модернизированном гидродинамическом лотке Атлантического отделения Института океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова Российской академии наук. Работы проводились в рамках подготовки лабораторной установки к экспериментам по взмучиванию частиц микропластика со дна, покрытого естественным донным осадком. Эксперименты выполнялись при трех типах покрытия дна: крупный песок (1—1.5 мм), зёрна янтаря (3—4 мм), галька (1—2 см). Разработанная система PIV-измерений базируется на использовании цифровой камеры средней производительности и непрерывной лазерной подсветки. Эксперименты выполнялись в широком диапазоне скоростей потока (до 2 м/с), задаваемых частотой вращения насоса и положением регулирующей заслонки. Выполнены измерения профилей средней скорости, по наклону логарифмической части которых вычислялась динамическая скорость, которая, вместе с масштабом шероховатости дна, является одной из основных характеристик при исследовании процессов седиментации/взмучивания. Динамические скорости для песка и янтаря оказались близкими друг к другу, и значительно меньше, чем для гальки. Масштаб шероховатости для гальки, как и ожидалось, оказался максимальным. Янтарь в экспериментах не только моделировал дно промежуточной шероховатости, но также, из-за своей относительно малой плотности (1.07 г/см), позволил наблюдать начало движения частиц при небольших скоростях потока — меньших, чем необходимо для начала движения песка. Сравнение результатов наблюдений с известными данными А. Шильдса о пороге взмучивания янтаря показывают их хорошее согласие. Одним из основных преимуществ PIV-измерений в последующих экспериментах по исследованию динамики МП, можно считать возможность практически мгновенного измерения характеристик течения в пограничном слое с одновременным отслеживанием динамики добавленных на поверхность дна частиц МП.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ СООТНОШЕНИЙ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ВОДЫ И ПРИВОДНОГО СЛОЯ ВОЗДУХА В ПЕРИОД ВЕСЕННЕГО ПРОГРЕВА ЛАДОЖСКОГО ОЗЕРА, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Науменко М.А.
Published: July 2021

На основе временных пространственных распределений температуры поверхности воды Ладожского озера и температуры приводного воздуха в период существования весенней фронтальной зоны (термобара) установлены климатические количественные соотношения между температурами воды, воздуха, площадями стратифицированной (Tпов > 4 °C) и изотермической области (Tпов < 4 °C) в Ладожском озере. Эти эмпирические регрессионные модели указывают на устойчивое соотношение между выбранными параметрами и позволяют использовать их при анализе климатических вариаций. Определены климатические величины (нормы) температуры поверхности воды и приводного воздуха и даты их возникновения в период существования весенней термической зоны на Ладожского озера, относительно которых следует оценивать отклонения. Минимальная температура поверхности воды в глубоководной части Ладожского озера в период возникновения термической фронтальной зоны является своеобразным индикатором («памятью») зимнего состояния озера и значением, с которого начинается прогрев после таянья льда и которое во многом определяет дату исчезновения фронта. Аппроксимация временного хода минимальной температуры поверхности воды в глубоководной зоне озера позволяет оценить дату возникновения первоначальной стратификации всего Ладожского озера. Межгодовые вариации даты исчезновения на поверхности воды 4 °С изотермы изменяются от одной до четырех недель, это связано с различиями год от года минимальной температуры поверхности озера в глубоководной части озера, определяемой зимними условиями, ветровой ситуацией, облачностью и, следовательно, интенсивностью прихода тепла в Ладожское озеро. Скорость увеличения температуры поверхности воды стратифицированной зоны значительно больше скорости нагревания изотермической области.
Influence of Different Mulch Materials on Soil Parameters and Weed Control in Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. VNR Bihi under Tarai Region of Uttarakhand
Authors: Singh Ravinder , Singh Vijay P. , Jat Rajkumar , Kumar Rajesh
Published: July 2021

The impact of different mulches on soil properties and weed control efficiency on Six-year-old guava cv. VNR Bihi orchard was studied during the year 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) using twelve treatments each replicated thrice. Different mulching treatments showed non-significant effect on soil pH, electrical conductivity and soil organic carbon. However, this effect was found significant with respect to available N, P and K content where mulching with plastic film of silver-black colour (T­4) showed maximum increase (5.75, 2.76 and 1.48 Kg ha-1, respectively). Highest average weekly temperature (23.70oC) was obtained in the plots mulched with transparent film without herbicide application (T6). Maximum weed control was found under black plastic mulch (T5) which registered minimum weed population (10.50 m-2), fresh weight (7.17 g m-2) and dry weight (2.48 g m-2). The experimental results revealed that application of mulches is one of the easiest and cheapest methods for orchard soil management which can be successfully employed for improving physico-chemical properties of soil with efficient weed control.