bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential long consequences from internal and external ecology: loss of gut microbiota antifragility in children from an industrialized population compared with an indigenous rural lifestyle
Authors: G-Santoyo Isaac , Ramírez-Carrillo Elvia , Sanchez Jonathan Dominguez , López-Corona Oliver
Published: May 2023

Human health is strongly mediated by the gut microbiota ecosystem, which, in turn, depends not only on its state but also on its dynamics and how it responds to perturbations. Healthy microbiota ecosystems tend to be in criticality and antifragile dynamics corresponding to a maximum complexity configuration, which may be assessed with information and network theory analysis. Under this complex system perspective, we used a new analysis of published data to show that a children’s population with an industrialized urban lifestyle from Mexico City exhibits informational and network characteristics similar to parasitized children from a rural indigenous population in the remote mountainous region of Guerrero, México. We propose then, that in this critical age for gut microbiota maturation, the industrialized urban lifestyle could be thought of as an external perturbation to the gut microbiota ecosystem, and we show that it produces a similar loss in criticality/antifragility as the one observed by internal perturbation due to parasitosis by the helminthA. lumbricoides.Finally, several general complexity-based guidelines to prevent or restore gut ecosystem antifragility are discussed.
Activation of HIF-1α C-terminal transactivation domain protects against hypoxia-induced kidney injury through hexokinase 2-mediated mitophagy
Authors: Li Zuo-Lin , Ding Lin , Ma Rui-Xia , Zhang Yue , Zhang Yi-Lin , Ni Wei-Jie , Tang Tao-Tao , Wang Gui-Hua , Wang Bin , Lv Lin-Li , Wu Qiu-Li , Wen Yi , Liu Bi-Cheng
Published: May 2023

The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), as a master regulator of adaptive responses to hypoxia, possesses two transcriptional activation domains [TAD, N-terminal (NTAD), and C-terminal (CTAD)]. Although the roles of HIF-1α NTAD in kidney diseases have been recognized, the exact effects of HIF-1α CTAD in kidney diseases are poorly understood. Here, two independent mouse models of hypoxia-induced kidney injury were established using HIF-1α CTAD knockout (HIF-1α CTAD−/−) mice. Furthermore, hexokinase 2 (HK2) and mitophagy pathway are modulated using genetic and pharmacological methods, respectively. We demonstrated that HIF-1α CTAD−/− aggravated kidney injury in two independent mouse models of hypoxia-induced kidney injury, including ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury and unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced nephropathy. Mechanistically, we found that HIF-1α CTAD could transcriptionally regulate HK2 and subsequently ameliorate hypoxia-induced tubule injury. Furthermore, it was found that HK2 deficiency contributed to severe renal injury through mitophagy inhibition, while mitophagy activation using urolithin A could significantly protect against hypoxia-induced kidney injury in HIF-1α C-TAD−/− mice. Our findings suggested that the HIF-1α CTAD-HK2 pathway represents a novel mechanism of kidney response to hypoxia, which provides a promising therapeutic strategy for hypoxia-induced kidney injury.
Rotational and dilational reconstruction in transition metal dichalcogenide moiré bilayers
Authors: Van Winkle Madeline , Craig Isaac M. , Carr Stephen , Dandu Medha , Bustillo Karen C. , Ciston Jim , Ophus Colin , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Raja Archana , Griffin Sinéad M. , Bediako D. Kwabena
Published: May 2023

Lattice reconstruction and corresponding strain accumulation plays a key role in defining the electronic structure of two-dimensional moiré superlattices, including those of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Imaging of TMD moirés has so far provided a qualitative understanding of this relaxation process in terms of interlayer stacking energy, while models of the underlying deformation mechanisms have relied on simulations. Here, we use interferometric four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy to quantitatively map the mechanical deformations through which reconstruction occurs in small-angle twisted bilayer MoS2 and WSe2/MoS2 heterobilayers. We provide direct evidence that local rotations govern relaxation for twisted homobilayers, while local dilations are prominent in heterobilayers possessing a sufficiently large lattice mismatch. Encapsulation of the moiré layers in hBN further localizes and enhances these in-plane reconstruction pathways by suppressing out-of-plane corrugation. We also find that extrinsic uniaxial heterostrain, which introduces a lattice constant difference in twisted homobilayers, leads to accumulation and redistribution of reconstruction strain, demonstrating another route to modify the moiré potential.
Primary somatosensory cortex bidirectionally modulates sensory gain and nociceptive behavior in a layer-specific manner
Authors: Ziegler Katharina , Folkard Ross , Gonzalez Antonio J. , Burghardt Jan , Antharvedi-Goda Sailaja , Martin-Cortecero Jesus , Isaías-Camacho Emilio , Kaushalya Sanjeev , Tan Linette Liqi , Kuner Thomas , Acuna Claudio , Kuner Rohini , Mease Rebecca Audrey , Groh Alexander
Published: May 2023

The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is a hub for body sensation of both innocuous and noxious signals, yet its role in somatosensation versus pain is debated. Despite known contributions of S1 to sensory gain modulation, its causal involvement in subjective sensory experiences remains elusive. Here, in mouse S1, we reveal the involvement of cortical output neurons in layers 5 (L5) and 6 (L6) in the perception of innocuous and noxious somatosensory signals. We find that L6 activation can drive aversive hypersensitivity and spontaneous nocifensive behavior. Linking behavior to neuronal mechanisms, we find that L6 enhances thalamic somatosensory responses, and in parallel, strongly suppresses L5 neurons. Directly suppressing L5 reproduced the pronociceptive phenotype induced by L6 activation, suggesting an anti-nociceptive function for L5 output. Indeed, L5 activation reduced sensory sensitivity and reversed inflammatory allodynia. Together, these findings reveal a layer-specific and bidirectional role for S1 in modulating subjective sensory experiences.
Glycolytically impaired Drosophila glial cells fuel neural metabolism via β-oxidation
Authors: McMullen Ellen , Hertenstein Helen , Strassburger Katrin , Deharde Leon , Brankatschk Marko , Schirmeier Stefanie
Published: May 2023

Neuronal function is highly energy demanding and thus requires efficient and constant metabolite delivery by glia. Drosophila glia are highly glycolytic and provide lactate to fuel neuronal metabolism. Flies are able to survive for several weeks in the absence of glial glycolysis. Here, we study how Drosophila glial cells maintain sufficient nutrient supply to neurons under conditions of impaired glycolysis. We show that glycolytically impaired glia rely on mitochondrial fatty acid breakdown and ketone body production to nourish neurons, suggesting that ketone bodies serve as an alternate neuronal fuel to prevent neurodegeneration. We show that in times of long-term starvation, glial degradation of absorbed fatty acids is essential to ensure survival of the fly. Further, we show that Drosophila glial cells act as a metabolic sensor and can induce mobilization of peripheral lipid stores to preserve brain metabolic homeostasis. Our study gives evidence of the importance of glial fatty acid degradation for brain function, and survival, under adverse conditions in Drosophila.
A median fin derived from the lateral plate mesoderm and the origin of paired fins
Authors: Tzung Keh-Weei , Lalonde Robert L. , Prummel Karin D. , Mahabaleshwar Harsha , Moran Hannah R. , Stundl Jan , Cass Amanda N. , Le Yao , Lea Robert , Dorey Karel , Tomecka Monika J. , Zhang Changqing , Brombacher Eline C. , White William T. , Roehl Henry H. , Tulenko Frank J. , Winkler Christoph , Currie Peter D. , Amaya Enrique , Davis Marcus C. , Bronner Marianne E. , Mosimann Christian , Carney Tom J.
Published: May 2023

The development of paired appendages was a key innovation during evolution and facilitated the aquatic to terrestrial transition of vertebrates. Largely derived from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), one hypothesis for the evolution of paired fins invokes derivation from unpaired median fins via a pair of lateral fin folds located between pectoral and pelvic fin territories1. Whilst unpaired and paired fins exhibit similar structural and molecular characteristics, no definitive evidence exists for paired lateral fin folds in larvae or adults of any extant or extinct species. As unpaired fin core components are regarded as exclusively derived from paraxial mesoderm, any transition presumes both co-option of a fin developmental programme to the LPM and bilateral duplication2. Here, we identify that the larval zebrafish unpaired pre-anal fin fold (PAFF) is derived from the LPM and thus may represent a developmental intermediate between median and paired fins. We trace the contribution of LPM to the PAFF in both cyclostomes and gnathostomes, supporting the notion that this is an ancient trait of vertebrates. Finally, we observe that the PAFF can be bifurcated by increasing bone morphogenetic protein signalling, generating LPM-derived paired fin folds. Our work provides evidence that lateral fin folds may have existed as embryonic anlage for elaboration to paired fins.
Topographical influence of electrospun basement membrane mimics on formation of cellular monolayer
Authors: Jain Puja , Rimal Rahul , Möller Martin , Singh Smriti
Published: May 2023

Functional unit of many organs like lung, kidney, intestine, and eye have their endothelial and epithelial monolayers physically separated by a specialized extracellular matrix called the basement membrane. The intricate and complex topography of this matrix influences cell function, behavior and overall homeostasis. In vitro barrier function replication of such organs requires mimicking of these native features on an artificial scaffold system. Apart from chemical and mechanical features, the choice of nano-scale topography of the artificial scaffold is integral, however its influence on monolayer barrier formation is unclear. Though studies have reported improved single cell adhesion and proliferation in presence of pores or pitted topology, corresponding influence on confluent monolayer formation is not well reported. In this work, basement membrane mimic with secondary topographical cues is developed and its influence on single cells and their monolayers is investigated. We show that single cells cultured on fibers with secondary cues form stronger focal adhesions and undergo increased proliferation. Counterintuitively, absence of secondary cues promoted stronger cell–cell interaction in endothelial monolayers and promoted formation of integral tight barriers in alveolar epithelial monolayers. Overall, this work highlights the importance of choice of scaffold topology to develop basement barrier function in in vitro models.
Control variables of serum ferritin concentrations in hospitalized newborn infants: an observational study
Authors: Hisano Tadashi , Okada Junichiro , Tsuda Kennosuke , Iwata Sachiko , Saitoh Shinji , Iwata Osuke
Published: May 2023

Both iron excess and deficiency are deleterious to cellular and organ homeostasis. Serum ferritin levels serve as a biomarker of iron storage; however, their distribution and determinants in sick newborn infants remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the reference range and independent variables of serum ferritin in hospitalized newborn infants. All newborn infants who were hospitalized at a tertiary neonatal center within 24 h of birth were retrospectively reviewed for the period of April 2015 through March 2017. Serum ferritin levels were assessed using venous blood samples obtained at admission and their independent variables were explored. The study population comprised 368 infants (36.2 ± 2.8 weeks gestation and 2319 ± 623 g at birth), whose median serum ferritin level was 149 µg/L (inter-quartile range: 81–236). The multivariable model used to explain serum ferritin values comprised hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, blood pH, and maternal hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (all p < 0.01, adjusted for sex and birth weight). Serum ferritin values in hospitalized newborn infants were comparable to those previously reported using umbilical cord blood. Our novel findings indicated the association between blood pH, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin levels, suggesting the influence of antenatal hypoxia–ischemia and stress to serum ferritin levels.
Burden of hospital admissions and resulting patient interhospital transports during the 2020/2021 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Saxony, Germany
Authors: Bender Katrin , Waßer Felix , Keller Yacin , Pankotsch Ulrich , Held Hanns-Christoph , Weidemann Robin R. , Kleber Christian , Höser Christoph , Stehr Sebastian N.
Published: May 2023

Secondary transports of patients from one hospital to another are indicated for medical reasons or to address local constraints in capacity. In particular, interhospital transports of critically ill infectious patients present a logistical challenge and can be key in the effective management of pandemic situations. The state of Saxony in Germany has two characteristics that allow for an extensive evaluation of secondary transports in the pandemic year 2020/2021. First, all secondary transports are centrally coordinated by a single institution. Second, Saxony had the highest SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and the highest COVID-19 associated mortality in Germany. This study evaluates secondary interhospital transports from March 2019 to February 2021 in Saxony with a detailed analysis of transport behaviour during the pandemic phase March 2020 to February 2021. Our analysis includes secondary transports of SARS-CoV-2 patients and compares them to secondary transports of non-infectious patients. In addition, our data show differences in demographics, SARS-CoV-2- incidences, ICU occupancy of COVID-19 patients, and COVID-19 associated mortality in all three regional health clusters in Saxony. In total, 12,282 secondary transports were analysed between March 1st, 2020 and February 28th, 2021, of which 632 were associated with SARS-CoV-2 (5.1%) The total number of secondary transports changed slightly during the study period March 2020 to February 2021. Transport capacities for non-infectious patients were reduced due to in-hospital and out-of-hospital measures and could be used for transport of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Infectious transfers lasted longer despite shorter distance, occurred more frequently on weekends and transported patients were older. Primary transport vehicles were emergency ambulances, transport ambulances and intensive care transport vehicles. Data analysis based on hospital structures showed that secondary transports in correlation to weekly case numbers depend on the hospital type. Maximum care hospitals and specialized hospitals show a maximum of infectious transports approximately 4 weeks after the highest incidences. In contrast, standard care hospitals transfer their patients at the time of highest SARS-CoV-2 case numbers. Two incidence peaks were accompanied by two peaks of increased secondary transport. Our findings show that interhospital transfers of SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 patients differ and that different hospital care levels initiated secondary transports at different times during the pandemic.
Reanalyzing the genetic history of Kra-Dai speakers from Thailand and new insights into their genetic interactions beyond Mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: Changmai Piya , Phongbunchoo Yutthaphong , Kočí Jan , Flegontov Pavel
Published: May 2023

Thailand is a country where over 60 languages from five language families (Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Hmong-Mien, Kra-Dai, and Sino-Tibetan) are spoken. The Kra-Dai language family is the most prevalent, and Thai, the official language of the country, belongs to it. Previous genome-wide studies on Thailand populations revealed a complex population structure and put some hypotheses forward concerning the population history of the country. However, many published populations have not been co-analyzed, and some aspects of population history were not explored adequately. In this study, we employ new methods to re-analyze published genome-wide genetic data on Thailand populations, with a focus on 14 Kra-Dai-speaking groups. Our analyses reveal South Asian ancestry in Kra-Dai-speaking Lao Isan and Khonmueang, and in Austroasiatic-speaking Palaung, in contrast to a previous study in which the data were generated. We support the admixture scenario for the formation of Kra-Dai-speaking groups from Thailand who harbor both Austroasiatic-related ancestry and Kra-Dai-related ancestry from outside of Thailand. We also provide evidence of bidirectional admixture between Southern Thai and Nayu, an Austronesian-speaking group from Southern Thailand. Challenging some previously reported genetic analyses, we reveal a close genetic relationship between Nayu and Austronesian-speaking groups from Island Southeast Asia (ISEA).
Predicting 1-year mortality of patients with diabetes mellitus in Kazakhstan based on administrative health data using machine learning
Authors: Alimbayev Aidar , Zhakhina Gulnur , Gusmanov Arnur , Sakko Yesbolat , Yerdessov Sauran , Arupzhanov Iliyar , Kashkynbayev Ardak , Zollanvari Amin , Gaipov Abduzhappar
Published: May 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects the quality of life and leads to disability, high morbidity, and premature mortality. DM is a risk factor for cardiovascular, neurological, and renal diseases, and places a major burden on healthcare systems globally. Predicting the one-year mortality of patients with DM can considerably help clinicians tailor treatments to patients at risk. In this study, we aimed to show the feasibility of predicting the one-year mortality of DM patients based on administrative health data. We use clinical data for 472,950 patients that were admitted to hospitals across Kazakhstan between mid-2014 to December 2019 and were diagnosed with DM. The data was divided into four yearly-specific cohorts (2016-, 2017-, 2018-, and 2019-cohorts) to predict mortality within a specific year based on clinical and demographic information collected up to the end of the preceding year. We then develop a comprehensive machine learning platform to construct a predictive model of one-year mortality for each year-specific cohort. In particular, the study implements and compares the performance of nine classification rules for predicting the one-year mortality of DM patients. The results show that gradient-boosting ensemble learning methods perform better than other algorithms across all year-specific cohorts while achieving an area under the curve (AUC) between 0.78 and 0.80 on independent test sets. The feature importance analysis conducted by calculating SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values shows that age, duration of diabetes, hypertension, and sex are the top four most important features for predicting one-year mortality. In conclusion, the results show that it is possible to use machine learning to build accurate predictive models of one-year mortality for DM patients based on administrative health data. In the future, integrating this information with laboratory data or patients’ medical history could potentially boost the performance of the predictive models.
Embracing cohort heterogeneity in clinical machine learning development: a step toward generalizable models
Authors: Schinkel Michiel , Bennis Frank C. , Boerman Anneroos W. , Wiersinga W. Joost , Nanayakkara Prabath W. B.
Published: May 2023

This study is a simple illustration of the benefit of averaging over cohorts, rather than developing a prediction model from a single cohort. We show that models trained on data from multiple cohorts can perform significantly better in new settings than models based on the same amount of training data but from just a single cohort. Although this concept seems simple and obvious, no current prediction model development guidelines recommend such an approach.
Unraveling lignin degradation in fibre cement via multidimensional fluorometry
Authors: Hoque Mahfuzul , Kamal Saeid , Raghunath Sreenath , Foster E. Johan
Published: May 2023

Pulp fibre reinforced cement (fibre cement) has the potential to become a forerunner in mitigating the carbon dioxide (CO2) footprint of non-structural materials for residential and commercial structures. However, one of the significant bottlenecks in fibre cement is its poor chemical stability in the alkaline cement matrix. To date, probing the health of pulp fibre in cement is lengthy and laborious, requiring mechanical and chemical separations. In this study, we have demonstrated that it is possible to understand the chemical interactions at the fibre-cement interfaces by tracking lignin in a solid state without using any additional chemicals. For the first time, multidimensional fluorometry is employed for the rapid assessment of the structural change (degradation) of lignin in fibre cement as an indicator of pulp fibre health; providing an excellent platform for the germination of resilient fibre cement with high content of natural lignocellulosic fibre.
Vacuum impregnation as a sustainable technology to obtain iron-fortified broad bean (Vicia faba) flours
Authors: Arnal Milagros , Gallego Marta , Mora Leticia , Talens Pau
Published: May 2023

Iron-fortified broad bean flours were obtained by vacuum impregnation during soaking.
Numerical characterization of the electronic and optical properties of plumbene/hBN heterobilayer using first-principles study
Authors: Hiramony Nishat Tasnim , Tanisha Tanshia Tahreen , Tabassum Sumaiya Jahan , Subrina Samia
Published: May 2023

A novel plumbene/hBN heterostructure exhibits a tunable direct bandgap and low effective mass, whereas plumbene has an indirect bandgap. The intriguing characteristics of the heterostructure have inspired the emergence of novel Pb-based nanoelectronic devices.
A small-molecule fluorogenic probe for the detection of hypochlorite and its application in the bio-imaging of human breast cancer cells
Authors: Banerjee Shilpita , Karak Anirban , Halder Satyajit , Mandal Moumi , Banik Dipanjan , Jana Kuladip , Mahapatra Ajit Kumar
Published: May 2023

The probe TPHZ reacts with hypochlorite by inhibiting ICT and resulting in a turn on fluorescence change from colorless to bright blue. The change in fluorescence intensity can be seen in a human breast cancer cell imaging study.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of ruthenium complexes bearing the 1,2,4-triazole group as potential membrane-targeting antibacterial agents towards Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wang Pei , Huang Hai-Yan , Dou Li-Xin , Deng Wei , Wang Jin-Tao , Liao Xiang-Wen , Yu Ru-Jian , Duan Xue-Min , Xiong Yan-Shi
Published: May 2023

Bacterial infection is one of the most serious public health problems, being harmful to human health and expensive.
From BPS4to AB3P2S10(A = Na, K): cations inducing dimension reduction and bandgap enlargement
Authors: Huang Yi , Chu Dongdong , Yun Yihan , Xie Wenlong , Li Guangmao , Zhang Yong
Published: May 2023

Cations inducing dimension reduction and bandgap enlargement from BPS4to AB3P2S10(A = Na, K).
Fluorinated ligands and their effects on physical properties and chemical reactivity
Authors: Doerrer Linda H. , Dias H. V. Rasika
Published: May 2023

Guest Editors Linda H. Doerrer and Rasika Dias introduce the spotlight collection: “Fluorinated ligands and their effects on physical properties and chemical reactivity”.
Dual-duty NiCo2S4 nanosheet-based solar rechargeable batteries toward multi-scene solar energy conversion and storage
Authors: Ma Xiaohong , Fu Jie , Gao Linning , Zhang Junzheng , Tao Sheng , Guo Wenqing , Liu Xuefei , Yang Beibei , Lu Jun
Published: May 2023

Solar rechargeable batteries based on dual-duty NiCo2S4 nanosheets.
Enhanced electron transport and self-similarity in quasiperiodic borophene nanoribbons with line defects
Authors: Hu Pei-Jia , Ding Jin-Ting , Liang Zeng-Ren , Fang Tie-Feng , Guo Ai-Min , Sun Qing-Feng
Published: May 2023

Quasiperiodic borophene nanoribbons, with the unit cells of two different boron sheets arranged following the Fibonacci sequence, possess novel phenomena of a multifractal energy spectrum, self-similarity, and delocalized electronic states.
Towards potential antifungal agents: synthesis, supramolecular self-assembly and in vitro activity of azole mono-, sesqui- and diterpenoids
Authors: Akhmedov Alan , Gamirov Rustem , Panina Yulia , Sokolova Evgenia , Leonteva Yulia , Tarasova Evgeniya , Potekhina Ramziya , Fitsev Igor , Shurpik Dmitriy , Stoikov Ivan
Published: May 2023

Synthetic imidazole terpenoids were obtained. Their antifungal and antimicrobial activities were studied in vitro on the fungi and bacteria.
Exploring students’ dominant approaches to handling epistemic uncertainty when engaging in argument from evidence
Authors: Urbanek Mary Tess , Moritz Benjamin , Moon Alena
Published: May 2023

While uncertainty is inherent to doing science, it is often excluded from science instruction, especially postsecondary chemistry instruction. There are a variety of barriers to infusing uncertainty into the postsecondary chemistry classroom, including ensuring productive struggle with uncertainty, evaluating student engagement with uncertainty, and facilitating engagement in a way that fits within the postsecondary chemistry context. In this study, we aimed to address these difficulties by designing an argumentation task that enables the direct observation of students interacting with epistemic uncertainty. This task was administered as a written assignment to a large-enrollment, second-semester general chemistry course. Student responses were analyzed to generate a rubric that captures the varied ways students grapple with epistemic uncertainty. In accordance with previous literature, we observed students not engaging with the uncertainty (e.g., generating vague, incomprehensible arguments) and selectively engage with the uncertainty (e.g., use data selectively to avoid uncertainty). However, we also observed the qualitatively distinct approaches students utilized to productively manage epistemic uncertainty. Importantly, we believe that these ways of productively handling uncertainty translate to the kinds of scientific reasoning, personal decision making, and socioscientific reasoning that these learners will continue to engage in. Therefore, this work has implications for supporting students’ scientific argumentation by offering instructors a practical way to engage their students with uncertainty and a model to interpret and respond to their students.
Catalytic asymmetric defluorinative allylation of silyl enol ethers
Authors: Duran Jordi , Mateos Javier , Moyano Albert , Companyó Xavier
Published: May 2023

The exploitation of an intermolecular Si–F interaction between the substrates, together with chiral Lewis-base catalysis, allows the regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective allylation of ketone-derived silyl enol ethers with allyl fluorides.
Patchy particle insights into self-assembly of transparent, graded index squid lenses
Authors: Altan Irem , Bauernfeind Viola , Sweeney Alison M.
Published: May 2023

S-Crystallin proteins act as patchy particles that build the gradient-index squid lens through self-assembly. The evolved polydispersity and geometry of the proteins appear to promote both assembly and error-correction in the natural system.
Solvent effect on equilibrium organization of confined polymers
Authors: Mohanta Dibyajyoti
Published: May 2023

In a two dimensional lattice model study, two polymers prefer to form individual globules rather than a 'micelle'-like single globule in a triangular confinement compared to box-like confinement of equal area.
Biochar as a substitute for graphite in microbial electrochemical technologies
Authors: Antic Gorrazzi Sofía , Massazza Diego , Pedetta Andrea , Silva Leonel , Prados Belén , Fouga Gastón , Bonanni Sebastián
Published: May 2023

Biochar electrodes can attain current densities similar to graphite while being more cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
Luminescent Pb-free perovskites: low-cytotoxicity materials for primary thermal sensing
Authors: Passini Luan N. , Maturi Fernando E. , Pugina Roberta S. , Hilário Eloísa G. , Fontes Marina , Barud Hernane S. , Carlos Luís D. , Caiut José Maurício A. , Manzani Danilo
Published: May 2023

Novel luminescent In-based lead-free double halide perovskites co-doped with Yb3+/Er3+ have been synthesized. Their primary thermometer performance was assessed and their biological application to predict temperature was evaluated.
Characterization of proven Late Cretaceous Reservoir rocks in the Gulf of Gabes: Integrated case study
Authors: Boughalmi Senda , Géraud Yves , Grosheny Danièle , Ben Alaya Sonia , Hedi Negra Mohamed
Published: May 2023

Microstructural features control the petrophysical properties of rocks. Of these, pore size is particularly sensitive when non-wetting fluids saturate the reservoir. The pore networks and physical properties (helium, water and mercury saturation porosity, bulk density, nitrogen permeability, P-wave velocity and thermal conductivity) of different rock types from a productive Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian) reservoir in the tunisian offshore are measured on hydrocarbon-washed samples. The facies sampled of Douleb Member are wackestone, packstone and grainstone textures as well as dolostone, dolomitized packstone and anhydrite textures. Based mainly on the results obtained by mercury injection, the porous facies of the Coniacian Douleb Member are characterized by a complex pore system with a large morphological and pore size variability in the rock. Porosity values range from 0.3 to 23.6%, bulk densities vary from 2.05 to 2.92 g.cm−3. The permeability is variable from 3760 mD to values below 0.01 mD (measurement limit of the device). P-wave propagation velocity values range from 2060 to 6084 m.s−1 and thermal conductivity varies from 1.43 to 3.77 W.m−1.K−1. The oil-impregnated facies with the best petrophysical characteristics are mainly the rudist-rich limestones and dolomites of the first unit (U1) of the Douleb Member. The well-sorted grainstones with small rudist debris and peloids have the best reservoir qualities. Porosity is the first order characteristic that controls petrophysical properties. The variability of permeability values around this first-order relationship is attributed to variations in the size of the pore access thresholds and connectivity. The variability in velocities is due to the shape of the voids, while the variability in thermal conductivity measurements is due to the nature of the contacts between the grains.
Quick response in fast fashion omnichannel: exploring cost sharing effect
Authors: Chen Danli , Su Shong-Iee Ivan , Chen Zhisong
Published: May 2023

Facing the rapid value decline issue in the fast fashion product (FFP) industry, improving quick response (QR) capability will allow a FFP supply chain to deliver products to customers faster and capture more value. On this basis, the value compensate through QR effort and the coordination strategy for a FFP supply chain in an omnichannel context is investigated. Characterizing the regularity of product value attenuation and also QR effort as the key decision variable in a FFP omnichannel, five differential game theoretical decision models are formulated, solved and compared, including: (i) without cost sharing model under a decentralized decision; (ii) manufacturer-led unilateral cost sharing model under a decentralized decision; (iii) retailer-led unilateral cost sharing model under a decentralized decision; (iv) bilateral cost sharing under a decentralized decision; (v) bilateral cost sharing model under a coordination decision. The corresponding numerical and sensitivity analyses are conducted on a calibrated real-world fast fashion product, and have found that, in order to achieve higher total profit, a cost sharing contract mechanism is better than a without cost sharing contract mechanism; a bilateral mechanism is better than a unilateral mechanism; and a coordination mechanism is better than a decentralized mechanism. The theoretical themes developed in this study imply that FFP omnichannel practitioners should put more resource and energy in coordinating their QR efforts in the supply chain. Importantly, they should collaborate closely to confine the cost of QR effort investment through a smart selection of the right QR technologies and a better utilization of these technologies to develop and support a highly sense-and-respond supply chain operation method.
Nationale Register Urothelkarzinom (UroNAT) und Prostatakarzinom (ProNAT) von d-uo
Authors: Johannsen Manfred , Klier Jörg , König Frank , Schönfelder Robert , Doehn Christian , Schröder Jörg , Hempel Elke , Eichenauer Rolf
Published: May 2023

Deutsche Uro-Onkologen e.V. (d-uo) verfolgen das Ziel, über die Dokumentation und wissenschaftliche Analyse der ambulanten Versorgung urologischer Tumorerkrankungen hinaus auch qualitätssichernde Maßnahmen sowie die Vertretung ökonomischer und sozialpolitischer Interessen der niedergelassenen Uro-Onkolog*innen in Deutschland zu organisieren.

Nachdem das Nationale Register Urothelkarzinom (UroNAT) seit Oktober 2021 aktiv ist, steht nun seit Oktober 2022 auch das Nationale Register Prostatakarzinom (ProNAT) von d-uo zur Verfügung. An diesen deutschlandweit geführten Registern können alle uro-onkologischen Behandler mitwirken, also Urolog*innen, Onkolog*innen und Krankenhäuser über ihre Klinikambulanzen. Mit diesen Nationalen Tumorregistern wird d-uo erneut seinem Anspruch auf profunde Datenerhebung gerecht.
Can Local Infiltration Influence Postoperative Recovery in Upper Blepharoplasty? A Case Series Study on Two Different Infiltration Methods
Authors: Dell'Avanzato Roberto , Agnelli Benedetta , Cambiaso-Daniel Janos , Gatti Jonatann , Gualdi Alessandro
Published: May 2023

Upper blepharoplasty is a common aesthetic surgery procedure which is frequently performed wide awake, under local anesthesia. However, advancements concerning the patients' perception during and after the procedure are still needed. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a new method for local anesthetic infiltration in the upper eyelid comparing it to the traditional needle injections.

A prospective, randomized, and clinical trial was conducted on 20 patients who underwent upper eyelid blepharoplasty in local anesthesia. After randomization, one eyelid was infiltrated using a Nanosoft technology needle, while on the contralateral side traditional needle injections were performed. Preoperative demographics, Fitzpatrick, and SNAP test were recorded. Postoperative patients visual analog scale (VAS) scores for both infiltration methods and ecchymosis and edema were recorded.

Our results showed that the mean VAS scores for perceived pain were significantly lower on the eye infiltrated with Nanosoft technology (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the rate of postoperative ecchymosis and edema were also significantly lower with Nanosoft technology (p = 0.0012 and 0 = 0.0197, respectively). All 20 patients were satisfied with outcomes, and there were no major complications or need for a revision.

Our case series study suggests that Nanosoft technology may be a more effective and efficient method for the local anesthetic infiltration in upper eyelid blepharoplasty in reducing discomfort and downtime for the patient.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Radiomics Nomogram to Predict Intraoperative Hemorrhage of Placenta Previa
Authors: Lu Yanli , Zhou Liping , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Yongmei , Chen Dali , Gu Yidong , Yue Yongfei
Published: May 2023

Objective Placenta previa (PP) is associated with intraoperative and postpartum hemorrhage, increased maternal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based nomogram to preoperative prediction of intraoperative hemorrhage (IPH) for PP.

Study Design A total of 125 PP pregnant women were divided into a training set (n = 80) and a validation set (n = 45). An MRI-based model was built for the classification of patients into IPH and non-IPH groups in a training set and a validation set. Multivariate nomograms were built according to radiomics features. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the model. Predictive accuracy of nomogram were assessed by calibration plots and decision curve analysis.

Results In multivariate analysis, placenta position, placenta thickness, cervical blood sinus, and placental signals in the cervix were significantly independent predictors for IPH (all ps < 0.05). The MRI-based nomogram showed favorable discrimination between IPH and non-IPH groups. The calibration curve showed good agreement between the estimated and the actual probability of IPH. Decision curve analysis also showed a high clinical benefit across a wide range of probability thresholds. Area under the ROC curve was 0.918 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.857–0.979) in the training set and 0.866 (95% CI: 0.748–0.985) in the validation set by the combination of four MRI features.

Conclusion The MRI-based nomograms might be a useful tool for the preoperative prediction of IPH outcomes for PP. Our study enables obstetricians to perform adequate preoperative evaluation to reduce blood loss and cesarean hysterectomy.

Key Points
Visible-Light-Promoted Click [3+2] Cycloaddition of Aziridine with Alkyne: An Efficient Synthesis of Dihydropyrrolidine
Authors: Kapoor Ritu , Siddiqui I. R. , Chawla Ruchi , Verma Ankit , Keshari Twinkle
Published: May 2023

A photocatalytic [3+2] cycloaddition of aziridines with activated alkynes is reported under visible-light irradiation in the presence of ruthenium catalyst. This chemical transformation provides polysubstituted pyrrolidines in good yields based on the click chemistry philosophy. The reaction successfully represents a primary trial of cyclocarboamination through photocascade catalysis combining energy transfer and redox neutral reactions.
Exploring the Power of Sulfur, Silicon, and Organocatalysis: Innovative Strategies for Asymmetric Synthesis and Advanced Synthetic Methodology
Authors: Chein Rong-Jie , Chiu Kuei-Wei
Published: May 2023

This research Account describes the development of chiral organocatalysts, focusing on diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol and its derivatives as valuable tools in asymmetric transformations. The research also includes the discovery of a novel anionic Si→C alkyl migration method, which has been developed into a one-pot procedure for synthesizing (E)-chalcones from hydroxyamide and N,N-diethylcarbamates. The findings underscore the potential of sulfide and silicon as valuable reagents for organic synthesis and emphasize the importance of exploring new reaction pathways and mechanisms to discover novel synthetic methods.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of 2 and Sulfur Reagent as Chiral Lewis Acid

3 Sulfur/Selenium Reagent as Chiral Lewis Base

4 Anionic Si→C Alkyl Migration

5 Conclusion
Changing Paradigms in the Initial Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy at a University Hospital in Brazil
Authors: Tavares Bárbara Virginia Gonçalves , Delfino Letícia Sathler , Ignarro Isabella Silvestre , Baccaro Luiz Francisco
Published: May 2023

Objective To evaluate the use of different treatment options for ectopic pregnancy and the frequency of severe complications in a university hospital.

Methods Observational study with women with ectopic pregnancy admitted at UNICAMP Womeńs Hospital, Brazil, between 01/01/2000 and 12/31/2017. The outcome variables were the type of treatment (first choice) and the presence of severe complications. Independent variables were clinical and sociodemographic data. Statistical analysis was carried out by the Cochran–Armitage test, chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test and multiple Cox regression.

Results In total 673 women were included in the study. The mean age was 29.0 years (± 6.1) and the mean gestational age was 7.7 (± 2.5). The frequency of surgical treatment decreased significantly over time (z = -4.69; p < 0.001). Conversely, there was a significant increase in the frequency of methotrexate treatment (z = 4.73; p < 0.001). Seventy-one women (10.5%) developed some type of severe complication. In the final statistical model, the prevalence of severe complications was higher in women who were diagnosed with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy at admission (PR = 2.97; 95%CI: 1.61–5.46), did not present with vaginal bleeding (PR = 2.45; 95%CI: 1.41–4.25), had never undergone laparotomy/laparoscopy (PR = 6.69; 95%CI: 1.62–27.53), had a non-tubal ectopic pregnancy (PR = 4.61; 95%CI: 1.98–10.74), and do not smoke (PR = 2.41; 95%CI: 1.08–5.36).

Conclusion there was a change in the first treatment option for cases of ectopic pregnancy in the hospital during the period of analysis. Factors inherent to a disease that is more difficult to treat are related to a higher frequency of severe complications.
Preparation and Study on the Single-Crystal Structure of Flurbiprofen–Salicylamide Co-crystal
Authors: Hou Jia-Wei , Gong Yan-Qing , Li Gang , Ma Li-Wen , Pan Hong-Juan , Shan Han-Bin , Zhong Jia-Liang
Published: May 2023

Co-crystals can improve the physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical active ingredients, and thus have great potential in improving drug performance. Some studies have obtained the powder spectrum of the co-crystal of flurbiprofen (FBP) and salicylamide (2-OHBZA) but have not obtained a single-crystal structure. In this study, co-crystals of FBP-2-OHBZA with a molar ratio of 1:1 were obtained by slow evaporation using ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran for verification. Density functional theory was used to optimize the structure of the hydrogen bond and π−π stacking formed by the co-crystal of FBP and 2-OHBZA. The assay results of the co-crystals of FBP-2-OHBZA are in good agreement with the calculated values reported.
The Use of Mid-Pregnancy Cervical Length to Predict Preterm Birth in Brazilian Asymptomatic Twin Gestations
Authors: Silva Thaís Valéria , Borovac-Pinheiro Anderson , França Marcelo Santucci , Marquat Kaline Fernandes , Argenton Juliana Passos , Mol Ben Willem , Pacagnella Rodolfo Carvalho
Published: May 2023

Objective To describe a reference curve for cervical length (CL) in mid-trimester twin gestations using transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) and to investigate whether short CL increases spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in asymptomatic twin pregnancies.

Methods This was a prospective cohort study performed at 17 outpatient antenatal facilities of Brazil with women at 18 0/7 to 22 6/7 weeks of gestation who participated in a randomized clinical trial screening phase (P5 trial) between July 2015 and March 2019. TVU was performed to provide CL measurement in all screened women. Almost all women with CL ≤ 30 mm received vaginal progesterone 200mg/day and they were also randomized to receive cervical pessary or not. We considered data from the CL distribution among asymptomatic twin pregnancies and analyzed CL and its association with PTB generating receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier curves.

Results A total of 253 pregnant women with twins were included in the distribution curve. The mean CL was 33.7 mm and median was 35.5mm. The 10th percentile was 17.8mm. We identified a PTB rate of 73.9% (187/253) with 33.6% of sPTB < 37 (85/253) and 15% (38/253) of sPTB < 34 weeks. The best cutoff point to predict sPTB < 37 was 24.15 mm. However, the ROC curve showed a poor performance (0.64). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves identified that only CL values ≤ 20mm were associated to sPTB < 34 weeks.

Conclusion A cutoff point of CL ≤ 20 mm can be interesting point to identify short cervix in Brazilian twin pregnancies. However, in Brazilian asymptomatic twin pregnancies, CL does not show a good performance to predict PTB.
Rechtskolumne: Nach Kündigung: Klage einer Impfgegnerin ohne Erfolg
Authors: Rybak Christian , Schwiegk Nicole
Published: May 2023

Ein fehlender Impfnachweis kostete eine Klinikmitarbeiterin ihren Arbeitsplatz. Das Bundesarbeitsgericht hat im März entschieden, dass die Kündigung rechtens war, da kein Verstoß gegen das Maßregelungsverbot vorliege.
Hauptstadtkongress: Mehr Chancen als Risiken
Authors: Einhäupl Karl Max
Published: May 2023

Der Hauptstadtkongress ist der Leitkongress für die Weiterentwicklung des deutschen Gesundheits-systems. Er ist damit auch Treffpunkt der entscheidenden Akteure aus den Bereichen Krankenhaus, Niederlassung, Krankenkassen, Medizintechnik, Industrie, Wissenschaft und Politik.
Universitätsmedizin Baden-Württemberg: Gemeinsam in die digitale Zukunft
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: May 2023

Mehr Zusammenarbeit für eine bessere Gesundheitsversorgung bei gleichzeitigem Wettbewerb – in Baden-Württemberg werden diese auf dem ersten Blick konträren Ziele an den vier Medizinstandorten Freiburg, Heidelberg, Tübingen und Ulm erfolgreich vereint. Der Verein Universitätsmedizin Baden-Württemberg setzt unter anderem auf eine standortübergreifende Digitalisierungsstrategie.
Do Chinese subordinates trust their German supervisors? A model of inter-cultural trust development
Authors: Bueechl Joerg , Pudelko Markus , Gillespie Nicole
Published: May 2023

In this qualitative study based on 95 interviews with Chinese subordinates and their German supervisors, we inductively develop a model which advances theoretical understanding by showing how inter-cultural trust development in hierarchical relationships is the result of six distinct elements: the subordinate trustor’s cultural profile (cosmopolitans, hybrids, culturally bounds), the psychological mechanisms operating within the trustor (role expectations and cultural accommodation), and contextual moderators (e.g., country context, time spent in foreign culture, and third-party influencers), which together influence the trust forms (e.g., presumptive trust, relational trust) and trust dynamics (e.g., trust breakdown and repair) within relationship phases over time (initial contact, trust continuation, trust disillusionment, separation, and acculturation). Our findings challenge the assumption that cultural differences result in low levels of initial trust and highlight the strong role the subordinate’s cultural profile can have on the dynamics and trajectory of trust in hierarchical relationships. Our model highlights that inter-cultural trust development operates as a variform universal, following the combined universalistic-particularistic paradigm in cross-cultural management, with both culturally generalizable etic dynamics, as well as culturally specific etic manifestations.