bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revolution and Trends in Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jones-Esan Lawrence
Published: December 2022

In the past 50 years, a revolution in HE has occurred, characterised by unprecedented changes in institutions. A recent development was in the 19th century, when HE first developed in Germany, which changed the nature of HE globally. Academics in the 21st century have become more technological. A global educational revolution has taken place in the quest to promote e-learning globally. New digital trends affect the growth of education. This chapter examines how higher education responds to the demands of the automated economy. Considering the critical trends in the way people learn and how various HE or participants practice adaptation, projects and technology are changing how we teach and learn. This chapter provides examples of new collaboration frameworks between government, industry, and HE to avoid falling behind in a rapidly changing environment and aims to help those who want to understand how the world should respond to technological change.
Knowledge Management Fundamentals and Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Azizzadeh Fariba
Published: December 2022

Knowledge and KM have been rigorously considered by organisations. HE is an institution that has to deal with the issue of knowledge. Research and development are key factors in HE. Due to the relationship between these factors, this chapter seeks to identify the knowledge and science system, features of science and knowledge system, KM in HE, KM infrastructure in HEIs, knowledge and research documentation, exploitation of research, steps of knowledge exploitation, knowledge business in HE, problems of HE in research, and conclusion. In this chapter, in the introduction, the authors introduce knowledge and KM. They discuss the knowledge and science management system and its features. KM in HE and its infrastructures are explained. They also discuss how to document research in HE institutions and research institutes. Knowledge exploitation and commercializing it as an important issue in this field of KM are discussed. HE and research problems and challenges are discussed in the conclusion.
Analysis of the Role of Higher Education Libraries on the Collection of Marginalized Communities' Records
Authors: Netshakhuma Nkholedzeni Sidney
Published: December 2022

This chapter assessed the role of universities' libraries on their collection of marginalized community records. The function of collecting marginalized archives was supposed to be performed by the National and Provincial Archives of South Africa, as the National Archives of South Africa's mandate is to collect records of marginalized communities. However, it seems that the National Archives of South Africa is behind on achieving the collections of marginalized communities. Hence universities are progressive to enact mandates to collect records of marginalize communities. South African universities close the gap of undocumented South African history by collecting marginalized records.
Skin Cancer Lesion Detection Using Improved CNN Techniques
Authors: Kumar Sourav , Jaiswal Garima , Sinha Keshav
Published: December 2022

The mechanized melanoma detection in dermoscopy pictures is highly challenging. This is because of the low differentiation of skin sores, the tremendous interclass variety of melanomas, the severe level of visual comparability among melanoma and non-melanoma injuries, and the current of numerous ancient rarities in the picture. The authors propose an improved technique for melanoma acknowledgment for profound convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to address these difficulties. With existing strategies utilizing low-level hand-created highlights or CNNs with shallower designs, this essentially more profound organizations can accomplish more extravagant and discriminative elements for more acknowledgment. To make the most of deep organizations, the authors propose many viable preparation and learning plans under restricted information. The authors apply the leftover figuring out how to adapt to the debasement and overfitting issues that happen when an organization goes further. Analyzed the texture features of a region within the skin lesion boundary. The results obtained from the technique are also compared.
Digital Innovations and Applications in Information Science and Humanistic Knowledge
Authors: Makori Elisha Ondieki
Published: December 2022

Technological development and advancement has influenced and transformed humanity and the society through innovative ideas and changes, though not a panacea solution to mankind's ills. No matter the speed and phase of industrial revolution, machines and appliances continue to shape and sustain human knowledge with intelligent interaction and collaboration. The purpose of this chapter is to determine and forecast transformative and new applications of digital innovations in information science and humanistic knowledge. Explore pertinent and competitive digital innovations and applications in information science and humanistic knowledge. Review and analyze opportunistic developments of digital technologies in information science and humanistic knowledge. Finally, examine solutions and recommendations to harness and promote digital innovations in information science and humanistic knowledge. Digital innovations have interrupted social interactions that have been instrumental in improving humanistic knowledge.
Prognostication of Crime Using Bagging Regression Model
Authors: Wijeratne Ashansa Kithmini , Ravikumar Nirubikaa , Bandara Pulasthi Mithila , Kuhaneswaran Banujan
Published: December 2022

Crime is a social and economic problem that affects a country's quality of day-to-day life and economic growth. However, analyzing and forecasting crime is not a straightforward job for a law enforcement investigator to manually unravel the underlying nuances of crime data. To make this process easier and more automated, the authors present a machine-learning model for crime analysis and predictions. The authors used a London crime dataset and enhanced the data set by incorporating population density, percentage of economically inactive working age, and average monthly temperature. The pre-process step prepares the raw data and makes it suitable for the machine-learning model. Bagging and boosting ensemble techniques were used to find a better- machine-learning model. GridSearchCV was used to tune hyperparameters to find the best-performed model. Parameters were tuned as an iterative processes. Eventually, the researchers compared all the algorithms and selected the Random Forest bagging regression model as the best-performed algorithm.
AI in Emergency Remote Learning Environments
Authors: Mota Dulce , Martins Constantino
Published: December 2022

This chapter is devoted to examining and reflecting on the importance of artificial intelligence techniques and technologies applied to the construction of intelligent learning environments (ILE), specially, for remote teaching and learning purpose. Their potential for educational purpose goes hand in hand with the vision of the education as a pilar for a sustainable future (e.g. UNESCO, 2014), which aims at designing cost-effective and at the same time quality teaching and learning opportunities for all students. Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) cases will receive a special focus as their potential for personalization, adaptation to the student, and automatic recommendations based on the student's profile, comprising important features for fostering adaptive and autonomous learning paths. All those principles combined with AI contributions for ITS design will be pointed out. Finally, future research directions in the field of intelligent learning environments are figured out.
The Creation of Emergency Teaching and Learning Environments
Authors: Carvalho Piedade
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all sectors of society, including higher education. To mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and protect employees and students, the Portuguese government has decreed mandatory closure in all sectors. In this scenario, higher education institutions were forced to transform face-to-face education into a mix of face-to-face and virtual education. This chapter intends to share information for teachers and students who want to swiftly implement an emergency hybrid education model. Based on the author's experience, studies of data collected before and during the pandemic, and observations of the students' adaptation process in this swift transition from face-to-face teaching to the emergency hybrid teaching model dictated by a polytechnic institute in Portugal, in a curricular unit whose focus is to teach algorithms, computer programming, and data structures, trained in an engineering course, it was possible to identify a set of extrinsic and intrinsic factors to consider in case of similar crisis situations or others that may arise.
Professional Higher Technical Course in Gerontology
Authors: Damásio Carla Piscarreta , Silva Cândida G.
Published: December 2022

Higher education has faced constant challenges in recent years, which has been accentuated by the COVID-19 pandemic experienced since 2019. In a short time, institutions, lecturers, students, and their families have experienced completely different models of education. The implementation of an internship for students of a professional higher technical course in gerontology in a care institution for the elderly was also subject to profound adaptations. This chapter aims to frame the CTeSP in the Portuguese educational system, describe the CTeSP in Gerontology of the Polytechnic of Leiria, understand the management of the internship of the CTeSP in Gerontology in a pandemic and lockdown context, frame the project methodology and the e-portfolio, present some work done, and reflect on the relevance of the methodologies adopted for its continuity.
Are We Cyborgs?
Authors: Fernandes Joana
Published: December 2022

This chapter addresses the possibilities of a pedagogical shift in higher education based upon a thoughtful integration of learning technologies and a rich pedagogical interaction. The lockdown provided the opportunity to deepen our understanding about the relationship between subjects and technology, bringing up classical utopian and dystopian views. At this point, we are living in a hybrid world, with a fusional relationship with digital devices. As for education, it is clear that remote and blended learning delivery modes were not a temporary fashion. The authors discuss a set of principles that seem relevant to current and future remote and blended methodologies: (1) technology means freedom not slavery and it can serve a slow pedagogy, (2) communication is no longer a pure anthropocentric concept, and (3) a symbiotic and dialogical relationship between student and lecturer is not a thing from the past. With such principles in mind, they share their personal vision applied to the redesign of a module of semiotics concerning creative writing.
From Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0
Authors: Isik Mehtap , Akay Gokhan Huseyin , Arslan Ruveyda Nur
Published: December 2022

This study analyzes role of Industry 5.0 strategies, sustainability plans, and the customer services combined with a responsible research and innovation (RRI) approach in gaining global competitive advantage in air-polluting industries. The study claims that when the companies internalize sustainability goals and combine them with RRI activities, Industry 5.0 strategies can result in successful outcomes. RRI approach plays an intermediary role between Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 strategies. The study proposes that when a conceptual model of RRI is combined with traditional strategic management tools, the new set of strategies can increase the company's global competitiveness in a sustainable way. In order to illustrate the model, case study method is used: One of the biggest companies in the Turkish cement industry is analyzed for its customer satisfaction, the sustainable production, Industry 4.0 and 5.0, and RRI activities.
Are European Union Member and Candidate Countries Ready for Industry 5.0?
Authors: Arpacı Öncü Yanmaz , Gülel Ferda Esin
Published: December 2022

Industry 4.0 is currently one of the significant subjects in academic, managerial, and engineering research. After Industry 4.0, Industry/Society 5.0 philosophy is a brand-new world of unmanned technologies and a super smart society with the purpose of using the technology all over the world. The aim of this study is to interpret the readiness of the European Union and candidate countries for Society 5.0 in line with their position in Industry 4.0. In this research, spatial clustering analysis method was applied for EU member and candidate countries by utilizing some Industry 4.0 variables. The researchers found that the countries with similar economic development are in the same clusters. Developed country experiences can be the most important factors that accomplish Industry 4.0. Because the countries that make this progress will first be able to achieve success in Industry 4.0, they will be able to adapt more easily to Industry 5.0, which is the next industrial revolution.
Entrepreneurial Activities on Green Economy Through Industry 5.0 on Environmental Sustainability With Special Reference to Bangladesh
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Ali Muhammad Mahboob , Vargas-González M. C. Omar C.
Published: December 2022

Industry 5.0 on environmental sustainability has an impact on the well-being of the community. The green economy is in favor of nature drivers in numerous settings contingent on well-developed and industrialized countries, emerging, or less developed countries. For the study purpose, an emerging country, Bangladesh, has been selected. The research question of the study is whether entrepreneurial activities on green economy through Industry 5.0 on environmental sustainability can plan and approach towards the macroeconomic stability of a country. Green entrepreneurship can assist in decreasing global warming, and the worst effects of climate change. This implies that macroeconomic stability and fulfillment of some of the SDGs and their targets depend on the spread of green economy and ultimately can help to attain Industry 5.0 for environmental sustainability.
Robotics Resource Management (RRM)
Authors: Sajid Muhammad Jawad
Published: December 2022

Human resource management (HRM) is vital to the success of government and non-governmental organizations. More businesses are replacing human-performed jobs globally with robots. The next step could be fully autonomous systems in which robots run entire businesses. We're already seeing an increase in this phenomenon, in which hotel and dining services, parcel delivery, and even wars are performed without humans. Therefore, it's essential to introduce robotics resource management (RRM). The goal of this research is to introduce the concept of RRM and to investigate the potential environmental consequences of RRM. By highlighting the environmental challenges of RRM, the study can assist industrial and government policymakers in anticipating the potential environmental risks of increased robotics employment under Industry 5.0 and beyond. Furthermore, the research may spark new academic debate in a largely unexplored environmental and socioeconomic RRM frontier. The study also contributes to the management sciences literature by proposing the concept of RRM.
Implications of Social Media in Sustaining Renewable Energy Usage
Authors: Maitra Rekha , Shukla Dharna , Janjua Laeeq , Raja Maryum Sajid
Published: December 2022

The all-inclusive approach to sustainable storage of renewable energy necessitates the participation of the entire world, as renewable energy sources are not limited to one state or country. The responsibility of engaging people is achieved innovatively with social media. Social media plays a prominent role in promoting the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and incorporating sustainability and responsibility among the people for our planet. The novelty of this chapter is to address the role of social media in engaging the local community to understand the opinion of organizations and stakeholders for the better use of renewable energy resources in the tourism sector. This chapter seeks to discuss the question: How is social media a communicator of sustainable renewable energy for future usage? This chapter also highlights the role of social media in portraying social campaigns with themes, slogans, and a manifesto with clear, crisp, and concise messages for the potential use of renewable energy in tourism.
Do family values and reproductive health knowledge influence reproductive health-promoting behaviors in married women? A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Yun Sun Jeong , Kim Hye Young
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Based on the World Health Organization framework on reproductive health, this descriptive correlational study investigated the factors affecting reproductive health-promoting behaviors of married women, with a focus on family values and reproductive health knowledge.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 170 married women between the ages of 25 and 49 years living in Daegu, Korea. The general and reproductive health characteristics, family values, and reproductive health knowledge of married women were identified, as well as factors affecting reproductive health-promoting behaviors. A questionnaire survey was administered to investigate the impact of various factors on reproductive health-promoting behaviors.Results: Positive correlations were shown for family values (r=.78, p<.001) and reproductive health knowledge (r=.55, p<.001). Family values (β=.35, p<.001) and reproductive health knowledge (β=.24, p<.001) were identified as factors influencing reproductive health-promoting behaviors. According to the regression model, the explanatory power of factors affecting reproductive health-promoting behaviors among married women was 51.2%.Conclusion: A history of reproductive diseases, family values, and reproductive health knowledge were identified as factors influencing reproductive health-promoting behaviors. These results will provide basic data for the development of a reproductive health-promoting behaviors program, including a positive approach to reproductive health among married women, and will serve as a basis for further research on intervention strategies.
Development and effects of a high-risk pregnancy emotive role-play program for nursing students: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Lee Bo Gyeong , Kim Sun-Hee
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an emotive role-play program for nursing students focusing on high-risk pregnancy and analyze its effects on communication skills, clinical performance, and emotional intelligence.Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design was adopted with 83 nursing students (experimental group, 45; control group, 38) who participated voluntarily in an extracurricular program. The preliminary survey was conducted on November 3 and November 4, 2020, and the follow-up survey was conducted on November 12, 2020, for the control group and on November 27, 2020, for the experimental group. A program that included five role-play scenarios related to induced labor, preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, and infertility was developed by a group of experts and presented to the experimental group over 11 total hours across 3 days. Each student participated in a role-play scenario as a patient, family member, or nurse and observed three other scenarios. The control group received a workbook after the follow-up evaluation. The independent t-test was performed to analyze changes in communication skills, clinical performance, and emotional intelligence.Results: Communication skills (t=1.84, p=.035) and clinical performance (t=2.75, p=.004) significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. A significant difference was not observed between the experimental and control groups for emotional intelligence (t=1.36, p=.088).Conclusion: The emotive role-play program concerning high-risk pregnancy was effective in improving nursing students’ communication skills and clinical performance and can be used in nursing education related to high-risk pregnancy and childbirth.
Lenvatinib-induced severe generalized erythematous rash in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Matsumoto Yukari , Fukumoto Takeshi , Takahashi Wakako , Nishigori Chikako
Published: December 2022

Lenvatinib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, is a first-line drug for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we report a case of a 72-year-old man who presented with severe generalized erythematous rash (GER) approximately four weeks after the commencement of lenvatinib treatment, which he had been receiving for the treatment of unresectable lung metastases stemming from hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient had suffered from ichthyosis since his childhood, which made the diagnosis difficult. He had been diagnosed with dermatomycosis of the skin of whole body and treated by terbinafine tablets and luliconazole cream at another hospital. After remission of GER, lenvatinib was readministered because the patient’s metastatic lung tumor enlarged, which led to a recurrence of erythema with pruritus on the upper part of patient’s body. We confirmed the diagnosis of Lenvatinib-induced generalized GER based on the positive result of the patch test after the informed consent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed case of lenvatinibinduced GER. Raising physicians’ awareness of this potentially severe adverse effect is of importance because of lenvatinib’s increasing prominence as the drug of choice in cancer therapy.
Awareness and utilization of emergency contraceptives among female undergraduates in Kano: North west Nigeria
Authors: Sumaila Adavuruku Shuaibu , Haruna Usman , Avidime Attah Raphael , Daneji Suleiman Mohammad , Rabiu Ayyuba , Usman Takai Idris
Published: December 2022

Unintended pregnancy remains a major challenge to the reproductive health of women, especially female undergraduates. It is a cause of unsafe abortions and their attendant complications and contributes significantly to maternal mortality, which can be prevented by the use of emergency contraceptive. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was carried out among 374 non-medical, non-allied medical sciences, non-basic medical sciences and nonpharmaceutical sciences female undergraduates of Bayero University Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection and analyzed using SPSS Version 23.0 Software. The Chi square test was used to test for association at p<0.05The age range of the respondents was 15-45 years, with mean age of 24.98±4.96 years. Most of the respondents were between the ages of 20-29 years. More than half of the respondents (260, 69.5%) were single. The majority of the respondents (334, 89.3%) were aware of emergency contraception. There was statistically significant association between sources of information and year of study with awareness of emergency contraception (p<0.05). Respondents in this study demonstrated good awareness and knowledge of emergency contraception. Despite the conservative nature of the community where this study was conducted, there was good level of utilization of emergency contraceptives in the study population.
Gastric outlet obstruction secondary to malignant melanoma: A case report
Authors: Bello Usman Mohammed , Abdulmajeed Soladoye A.
Published: December 2022

Gastric Outlet Obstruction (GOO) is a common clinical condition. The commonest causes are benign gastric ulcer and gastric cancer involving the antrum. Malignant melanoma of the duodenum causing GOO is extremely rare. We herein present a rare case of malignant melanoma involving the first part of duodenum and proximal jejunum who presented with features of gastric outlet obstruction.
Comparison of clinicodemographic characteristics and pattern of vascular involvement in 126 patients with Takayasu arteritis: a report from Iran and Turkey
Authors: Tamartash Z. , Javinani A. , Pehlivan Y. , Coskun B.N. , Yekta R.A. , Dalkilic E. , Yağız B. , Khavandgar N. , Pournazari M. , Hajiabbasi A. , Sakar O. , Zayeni H. , Masoleh I.S. , Shakibi M.R. , Yazdi F. , Mahmoudi M. , Masoumi M. , Mohammadzadegan A.M. , Sima F. , Salehi S. , Faezi S.T. , Jamshidi A.R. , Kavosi H.
Published: December 2022

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is an extremely uncommon vasculitis that primarily affects the aorta and its branches. Due to the genetic and ethnicity effect, a diverse array of TA clinical manifestations has been reported worldwide. The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinicodemographic characteristics and pattern of vascular involvement of Iranian and Turkish TA patients. This study was a retrospective, cross-sectional investigation of 126 TA patients in Iran and Turkey. All of the variables analyzed were extracted from historical medical records. In 126 TA patients, the ratio of females to males was 8.6:1, and the average age at onset of disease was 30.5±11.1 years. Fatigue (49.2%) and a weak or absent pulse (79.4%) were the most prevalent symptoms and signs, respectively. The most prevalent angiographic classifications were types V and I in Iranian patients (41.09%) and type I in the Turkish population (47.7%) The left subclavian artery was the vessel most frequently affected by TA (66.6%). Our findings indicated that there were no significant differences between the two countries in terms of clinicodemographic characteristics or vascular involvement. Some clinical manifestations, such as claudication, were more prevalent in the Turkish population due to a higher incidence of occlusive lesions in the right subclavian artery.
Medical English
Authors: Pesce C.
Published: December 2022

Not available
The extended unconscious group field and metabolization of pandemic experience: dreaming together to keep cohesion alive
Authors: Marogna Cristina , Masaro Chiara , Calvo Vincenzo , Caccamo Floriana
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Working with dreams in groups allows understanding of unconscious phenomena that characterize it as unity and totality. The dreamer becomes the vehicle of emotions, fantasies,and anxieties that dominate the group at a given moment, allowing them to be understood and processed (Friedman et al., 2002). Recognizing a projected theme in the group generates a change of perspective for the group, which becomes a specific psychic space (Kaës, 2001), a shared psychic field. The analysis of the shared dreams helps the understanding of the emotional concerns related to the Covid 19 and its psychological repercussions. Methods: Six matrices of social dreaming of different groups for analytical purposes were conducted during the Covid pandemic period. The sessions were transcribed and the texts were analyzed by performing a thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) with the support of Atlas.ti software. Results: From the analysis of the results, three main themes were identified: a) “Lately I have more nightmares when I am awake than when I am asleep": Nightmares during the Covid-19 pandemic; b) “Losing one’s senses and losing the sense”: Helplessness and environmental mastery across time and space; c) Do play like a child: Recalling the child-past in the uncertain present. Discussion and conclusions: Through dreams and dream narratives we witness the evolution of group thinking through a progressive growth of the links between individuals and the common and shared field. The members of the group are thus able to identify within dreams the meanings that are useful for the entire group to process the painful experience that unites them.
Tracking change in group interventions: a further adaptation of the Innovative Moments Coding System for Groups
Authors: Esposito Giovanna , Cutolo Anna Sara , Passeggia Raffaella , Formentin Silvia , Gonçalves Mario Miguel
Published: December 2022

Introduction. In group psychotherapy research, there are few reliable measures for tracking members’ change. This study proposes a further adaptation of the Innovative Moment Coding System for Groups (IMCS-G), a reliable method previously developed in one format of group intervention for detecting innovative moments (IMs). IMs are exceptions to the clients’ problematic narratives, organized in different levels of complexity in terms of meaning elaboration (Level 1, 2, and 3). IMCS-G consists of 7 categories (Self-Directed, Other-Directed, Explicit Mirroring, Interaction 1, Interaction 2, Collective, Voice of Group) organized in two macro-categories: Individual (e.g., change was narrated by a single participant) and Group IMs (e.g., change was co-constructed by more than one participant). Methods. Two reliable coders applied the IMCS-G to analyze the transcripts of nine sessions of a counseling group addressed to underachieving university students (N=10) and eight sessions of a brief group psychotherapy targeted to substance abusers (N=8). Agreement and reliability for IMCS-G categories and their Levels were calculated. Results. Consistently with previous studies, a strong agreement and reliability for IMCS-G categories and Levels were found in both group interventions. Furthermore, despite some differences in the frequency of IMCS-G categories and Levels, in both interventions, there was a higher frequency of Self-Directed IMs, a lower frequency of the Explicit Mirroring IMs, and a higher frequency of Level 3 Group IMs. Discussion. This study confirmed the reliability of IMCS-G in different group formats, but it also suggested rooms of improvement for some IMCS-G categories.
Introduction
Authors: Esposito Giovanna , Schultz-Venrath Ulrich
Published: December 2022

It is well known that in past decades group psychotherapies encountered many difficulties of application and demonstration of its effectiveness and efficacy. This was mainly due to the complexity of the group therapies and the problems in measuring outcome and process of change (Kivlinghan, 2021). Despite the many obstacles and problems that group psychotherapies face conceptually and scientifically, ....
An unusual cause of venous hypertension
Authors: Satchithanantham Vinojan , Rajahram Dhadchayini
Published: December 2022

The gold standard vascular access for hemodialysis is the arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Venous hypertension (VH) is an unusual complication of AVF, which can be misdiagnosed as cellulitis due to the similarities in clinical presentation. Here we present a case of venous hypertension in a 40-years-old gentleman, who presented with progressive pain and swelling of three lateral fingers of his left hand without other inflammatory signs after a year of AVF creation. Further evaluation with a duplex scan supported the clinical diagnosis of VH. He had undergone a surgical ligation of AVF and completely recovered from the symptoms.
Termination of the great saphenous vein at variable levels
Authors: Liu Gaorui , Clarke Jillian L. , Oomens Donna , Vicaretti Mauro , Daly Tom , Cho Tae Hyun , Mohan Irwin
Published: December 2022

The assessment of the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) is important in the diagnosis and treatment of venous reflux of the great saphenous vein (GSV). In the clinical practice of venous medicine, the SFJ is used to represent the region at which the saphenous arch connects with the common femoral vein (CFV). A number of notable variations of the SFJ have been documented, and rare variable courses of the GSV have been described recently. Our case study reports two unusual GSV terminations. In both cases, the SFJ was located below the confluence of the profunda femoris vein (PFV) with the femoral vein (FV). Case 1 showed the SFJ was formed by the GSV and FV; whereas case 2 showed the PFV was joined by the GSV after a transposition with the FV. Anatomical variations of the SFJ are rare; however, they are increasingly diagnosed with the use of duplex ultrasound. The identification of SFJ variants warrants a safe endovenous procedure and prevents surgical complications.
Prediction of Diabetic Neuropathy Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Hyun Jung Keun
Published: December 2022

Peripheral polyneuropathy is one of the most common complications in patients with diabetes mellitus, and it results in neuropathic pain, falling tendency, and foot ulcers as well as sensory and motor impairments. Numerous risk factors for diabetic neuropathy had been revealed through statistical analysis; however, statistics draw population inferences and might not be suitable for providing realtime prediction for each patient in clinical practice. Machine learning techniques were developed to find any predictive patterns based on input data. Such strategies can help predict neuropathy in diabetic patients, enabling prevention or early treatment to increase quality of life in diabetic patients. This article summarizes recent studies concerning the prediction of diabetic neuropathy using machine learning techniques, and suggests approaches for useful translation of these methods in the medical field.
Review the Change of Chronic Disease Care in Korea
Authors: Lee Jeong Rim
Published: December 2022

Globally, chronic diseases have a high burden and are a significant factor affecting society, such as through economic productivity and deepening social inequality. Deaths from chronic diseases in Korea accounted for 79.6% of all deaths as of 2021, and medical expenses from chronic diseases in Korea accounted for 85.0% of all national medical expenses as of 2020. Since the 1970s, chronic disease management in Korea has focused on projects such as acute infectious diseases, maternal and child health, and family planning by region, sporadically centered on universities. Since then, the importance of prevention and management of chronic diseases has been highlighted, and a comprehensive plan for national health promotion was established in 2002 to provide policy support. Here, we looked at the progress of the chronic disease management project and its effects and review suggestions for efficient establishment of a primary medical chronic disease management project to be carried out in the future.
Comparison of fiberoptic bronchoscopic intubation using silicone and polyvinyl chloride double-lumen tubes
Authors: Kang Seyoon , Chae Yun Jeong , Kim Dae Hee , Kim Taek Geun , Yoo Ji Young
Published: December 2022

Background: Direct insertion of a double-lumen tube (DLT) using a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) is an option for DLT intubation. The difficult process of fiberoptic intubation is that the different properties of polyvinyl chloride and silicone DLTs may affect railroading differently. Therefore, we aimed to compare intubation using polyvinyl chloride and silicone DLTs over an FOB. Methods: Patients aged 19–75 years who required one-lung ventilation under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. After induction of anesthesia, the anesthesiologist intubated the DLT using FOB. The primary outcome was the difficulty of railroading over the flexible FOB scaled into five grades (I, II-1, II-2, III, and IV). Additionally, the intubation time and mucosal damage were recorded.Results: A total of 46 patients participated in this study, 23 each in the silicone and polyvinyl groups. The difficulty of railroading over the FOB was significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.001). In the silicone group, the grades of difficulty in railroading were limited to I and II-1; 20 patients (87%) presented no difficulty in advancing the tube. In contrast, in the polyvinyl group, 13 patients (57%) had scores of II-2 and III. Both the intubation time and mucosal damage were significantly better in the silicone group than in the polyvinyl group.Conclusions: Intubation using a silicone DLT over an FOB was easier and faster than that with a polyvinyl chloride DLT with lesser trauma around the glottis.
Nasolabial Cyst in an Unusual Location within the Upper Lip – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Nayak Sushruth , Nayak Prachi , Pathak Kush , Singh Surbhi , Karadwal Asha
Published: December 2022

The nasolabial cyst is a rare non-odontogenic cyst that develops between the upper lip and nasal vestibule. It has unsure pathogenesis. It has a history of slow-growing lesions, and clinically on palpation gives a floating touch. Usually, there is an elevation of the upper lip. The swelling usually, in most cases, is asymptomatic produces a localised swelling along with varying degrees of nasal obstruction. We present a case of a nasolabial cyst which was clinically diagnosed as a lipoma because of its unusual location in the upper lip in a 46-year-old man, which slowly increased in size over a period of 6 months with the association of slight pain on palpation and facial disfigurement. Our objective is to alert the dental professionals about the unusual presentation of nasolabial cyst in the upper lip, which may become a hurdle in clinical diagnosis.
A Varied Presentation of Dermal Adnexal Tumours
Authors: Sinha Snigdha , Das Subhashish , Raju Kalyani
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Adnexal skin tumours are a heterogeneous group of uncommon tumours usually misdiagnosed clinically due to a huge variety of types and their variants. Histopathology usually helps in establishing the diagnosis. The study was conducted to analyse the morphological, clinical and histological features of adnexal tumours (ATs) of the skin at our centre over a period of 5 years.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted over a period of 5 years (January 2016–January 2021), comprising 85 ATs of skin diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Sri Devaraj URS Medical College, Kolar, Karnataka, India. All the consecutively reported AT cases were reviewed and reclassified as ATs arising from sebaceous glands, hair follicles or sweat glands. The concordance of clinical and histopathological diagnosis was also assessed.

Results:

Most of the ATs were benign, with the head and neck being the most common location (61.15%), followed by the trunk (22.3%). Nearly 39% of the tumours were of hair follicle differentiation, 30% sweat gland differentiation and sebaceous gland tumours accounted for 31%. The most common varieties of tumours encountered in the present study included sebaceous cysts and pilomatricoma. The concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis was found to be 50% approximately.

Conclusion:

Histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosing ATs as they are often misdiagnosed clinically.
The Use of α1-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists in the Prevention of Adverse Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in Obese Patients
Authors: Fares Auda , Toprak Resul , Borrman Dieter , Ivester Julius R
Published: December 2022

Obesity is widely reported to be associated with a higher risk of the severity and worse clinical outcome of COVID-19. With the global prevalence of obesity, exploring the relationship between obesity and the severity of COVID-19 disease is of major clinical importance, thus requiring increased attention to preventive measures in susceptible individuals. Studies have shown that obesity is associated with increased risk of hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, integrated motivational–volitional requirement and mortality among patients with COVID-19. The pathophysiological mechanisms which cause disease severity and adverse outcomes among obese subjects remain unclear. Recently, it was shown that elevated leptin levels correlate positively with the severity and progression of disease in COVID-19 patients. Leptin modulates both the innate and adaptive immune responses in cells. Elevated leptin levels in obese individuals may contribute to worse symptoms and outcomes in COVID-19 disease. Emerging evidence suggests that alpha-1 (α1)-adrenergic receptor stimulation increases leptin secretion, while the administration of α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists is reported to reduce plasma leptin levels in human subjects. Therefore, α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists may improve clinical outcomes in obesity patients with COVID-19 infection through modulation of hyperinflammation and reduction of plasma leptin levels. The aim of this minireview is to delineate the potential beneficial therapeutic effects of α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists in preventing adverse outcomes of coronavirus infection in obese patients. Large, randomised trials are needed to confirm the beneficial effects and safety profile of the use of α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists in obese patients with COVID-19.
Workplace Violence as a Predictor of Work-Related Stress among Doctors
Authors: Das Adwitiya , Datta Mousumi , Banerjee Shibasish , Mondal Soumitra
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Workplace violence (WPV) toward health-care workers is increasing. The present study aims to estimate the proportion of resident doctors and interns of a tertiary care hospital who experienced WPV, to find out the perpetrators of WPV, and to ascertain any association between WPV and work-related stress.

Materials and Methods:

This observational, institution-based, cross-sectional study included resident doctors and interns working in six different departments of a tertiary care hospital. Data collection was done using a predesigned, pretested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire adapted and validated from the "WPV in the health sector survey questionnaire" from WHO along with "Perceived occupational stress scale."

Results:

Out of 323 participants, 247 (76.47%) experienced some form of WPV, 138 (42.72%) experienced physical violence and 203 (62.85%) experienced psychological violence. Patient relatives were reported as the only perpetrators of physical violence, while seniors of the study subjects were reported as main perpetrators of psychological violence. One hundred and thirty-four (42%) individuals reported work-related stress. On multivariate analysis, psychological violence was significantly associated with work-related stress.

Conclusion:

WPV was experienced by a high proportion of study subjects. Psychological violence was more frequently experienced, and senior colleagues were deemed responsible in most cases. WPV may be associated with work-related stress.
Practical Anatomy Online Learning among COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Philip Shalom Elsy , Janagal Ranjna , Garg Rohin , Mehra Simmi
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

With the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital learning has been implemented in medical colleges across India to continue the ongoing medical education. Anatomy is the basis of medical science and is best learned through offline classes that allow students to experience the texture of structures and handling of specimens. During this pandemic period, cadaveric dissection was not used to study anatomy. The aim of this study was to learn about students' attitudes regarding virtual teaching and learning in anatomy, as well as the problems they may confront.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of anatomy among the 50 1st-year MBBS students of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot in April 2021. Google Forms were used to obtain informed consent from students. Prevalidated questionnaires were given online to the students and responses were noted and descriptive statistical data was derived from the analysis.

Results:

About 37 (74%) respondents found traditional classes are better than online teaching. Majority preferred to attend anatomy practicals offline with safety precautions. About 17 (34%) showed interest in prerecorded videos. About 35 (60%) students faced social isolation as an impact of online learning. Technical issues and distractions were the key problems faced while learning anatomy online.

Conclusion:

Prerecorded videos of the practicals are helpful in teaching anatomy practicals, and can be used in future to ensure an unbroken, continuous, and effective delivery of medical education.
A Prospective Cross-sectional Study to Analyze the Effect of Transnasal Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block in Carcinoma Buccal Mucosa Patients
Authors: Lamba Nipun , Dhal Shikha , Makkar Ruchika , Goyal Sumit , Sarna Sudha
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Cancer pain is known to be one of the Most severe pain anyone in life and is the primary reason for discontinuation of treatment. Sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) can be useful in alleviating pain of carcinoma buccal mucosa. The study aims to analyze the effect of transnasal SPGB in pain management of patients suffering from carcinoma buccal mucosa.

Materials and Methods:

It was a hospital-based study done on 150 patients with carcinoma buccal mucosa using a prospective cross-sectional study design. To do statistical analysis, paired t-test was used having SPSS software.

Results:

On visual analogue scale, intensity of pain was found to be notably reduced from 7.42±2.02 to 3.45±1.21 (P < 0.0001), after first sitting. Preprocedure and postprocedure morphine requirement were 90.24 ± 30.24 and 60.42 ± 0.93 mg/day (P > 0.05) At the conclusion of study, the results were found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Transnasal SPGB is beneficial in improving patient compliance and reducing pain scores and morphine requirement in patients suffering from carcinoma buccal mucosa.
Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Puri Sarandeep Singh , Mishra Jyoti , Trisal Monal , Mandal Ashish Kumar , Dubey Suparna
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Zygomycetes consisting of Mucorales order is a group of fungal infections. These species cause life threatening opportunistic fungal infections mucormycosis. This infection is highly prevalent in immunocompromised. During the 2nd wave of Covid 19 pandemic corticosteroid treatment was used which has been linked to development of Mucormycosis. In our tertiary care teaching hospital we saw that patients suffering from Covid-19 infections developed mucormycosis. We present these cases in our study. To study the clinical, demographical, and Laboratory parameters in Covid-19 patients with Mucormycosis.

Material and Methods:

Retrospective Study. All biopsy proven cases of Mucormycosis (which developed after Covid-19 infection) were included. Relevant Clinical Demographics and Laboratory data was retrieved from the available case sheets. The data was tabulated in Excel sheet and further reviewed.

Results:

A total of 22 patients were diagnosed as suffering from mucormycosis majority were unvaccinated. 11 patients out of 22 (50%) started manifesting mucormycosis within one week of COVID infection. All the patients who had only single comorbidity (22.72%) suffered from mild disease and patient who had more than one comorbidity suffered from moderate (27.27%) to severe (50%) COVID infection.

Conclusion:

It is suggested that patients with Covid-19 infection are at risk for development of opportunistic fungal infections like Mucormycosis. Hence the physicians who are involved in treating such patients must be mindful of the fact that mucormycosis can develop in them. Histopathology helps in establishing a concrete diagnosis of Mucormycosis.