bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE HUMAN FETUS PONS 17-18 WEEKS OF INTRAUTERINE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Lopatkina O.P. , Tykholaz V.O. , Shkolnikov V.S.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Currently, increased interest is observed in the early stages of postnatal ontogenesis in research of age-related changes in the systems of the human body.

Aim: To define the macrometric parameters of the pons of human fetuses of 17-18 weeks of fetal development, the sizes and area of the cranial nerve nuclei contained in pons, as well as the size and area of the nerve cells that form these nuclei.

Materials and methods: We performed an anatomical and histological examination of 10 human fetuses at the stage of 17-18 weeks of intrauterine development.

Results: The boundaries of the nucleus of the abductor nerve are unclear, the neurons of the nucleus are spherical or rounded in shape. The vestibular nucleus of the vestibulocochlear nerve has an indeterminate shape, the boundaries of the nucleus are not clear, neurons with different areas of the nucleus are noted, from large to small. The motor nucleus of the facial nerve has an elongated shape, with not clear outer edges, the nerve cells are dome-shaped. The principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve has a rounded shape.

Conclusions: We established that at 17-18 weeks of intrauterine development of human fetuses, the nucleus of the abductor nerve, the motor nucleus of the facial nerve, the principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, and the vestibular nucleus of the vestibulocochlear nerve were visualized. Nucleus of the abductor nerve has the largest area, the smallest -has the vestibular nucleus of the vestibulocochlear nerve. The largest area of neurons of the vestibular nucleus was established in comparison with the area of the nucleus of the facial, trigeminal and abductor nerves. The diameter and area of the nuclei of the cells of the abductor nerve, the motor nucleus of the facial nerve, and the principal  nucleus of the trigeminal nerve have almost the same size, while the area of the neurons of the vestibulocochlear nerve is different, there is a group of neurons with a large area, and there is a group with a much smaller area of neurons.
PHARMACEUTICAL CARE IS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THE RATIONAL USE OF SEDATIVE DRUGS
Authors: Temirova O. A. , Horodetska N. Y. , Khaitovych M. V. , Potaskalova V. S.
Published: January 2024

Backround. Stress is one of the most urgent problems of modern society, which determines the increase in the consumption of sedative drugs.

Aim: to analyze the role of pharmaceutical care in ensuring the rational use of sedatives.

Materials and methods. 124 pharmacists and 101 pharmacy visitors were surveyed. The work used methods: standardization, sociological survey, graphics, and statistics.

Results. It was found that almost 80% of respondents reported sleep disorders and anxiety, while only 27% sought help from a specialist. More than 90% of pharmacists confirmed that since the beginning of the military invasion, the number of requests from visitors to dispense sedative drugs, mostly without a doctor's prescription, has increased significantly. Thus, almost 40% of respondents used self-prescription and self-medication of sedatives.

It was found that pharmacists (90%) recommend more often, and visitors (56%) choose herbal sedatives. In addition, 70% of pharmacists noted requests from visitors to dispense the drug hidazepam without a doctor's prescription. When dispensing sedatives, more than half of the surveyed pharmacists do not use the "Symptomatic treatment of stress" protocol. Visitors to pharmacies, who mostly did not receive recommendations on the rules for the use of sedatives, noted the appearance of undesirable reactions after their use, such as drowsiness and weakness during the day (48.8%), sleep disorders (22.0%), dizziness (34.1 %), development of addiction (22.0%).

Conclusion. Providing high-quality pharmaceutical care is a prerequisite for effective and safe sedative therapy. At the same time, it is important to conduct thematic improvement for pharmacists in psychopharmacology.
PREDICTORS OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE DESTABILIZATION AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS CORRECTION
Authors: Lyzogub V. , Motsak T. , Savchuk O. , Kupchynska O. , Kuzmenko L. , Galych V-S. , Novik D.
Published: January 2024

Background. The prevalence and negative impact of generalized atherosclerosis (GAS) on the prognosis of patients necessitates the search for drugs that can slow down the progression of the process

Aim: to propose a complex of drugs capable of increasing the stability of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with GAS

Materials and methods. 58 men with GAS aged (67.7±4.3) years. Patients. divided into two groups: GAS-1 (n=32) with an ischemic stroke suffered more than a year ago and GAS-2 (n=26) with post-infarction cardiosclerosis. All patients had clinical manifestations of intermittent claudication. The control group consisted of 18 practically healthy men of similar age. The following were studied: the ankle-brachial index, walking distances, blood levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9, indicators of speed and volume of blood flow in three arteries (by the Doppler method), Holter ECG monitoring. After the initial examination against the background of basic therapy, which included statins, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors or ARBs, antiplatelet agents, patients of GAS-1 and GAS-2 groups were additionally prescribed C (50 mg twice a day) and GABA (250 mg twice a day ). Re-examination was carried out after 12 weeks of complex treatment.

Results. We found significantly (p<0.01) higher levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in both groups of GAS and significantly (p<0.001) lower values of volumetric blood flow (VF) in all studied vascular pools compared to CG. Adding С and GABA to the standard therapy contributed to a significant (p<0.05) increase in VF indicators in all studied arteries, improvement in cerebral, coronary and peripheral clinical symptoms and a significant decrease in MMP-2 in both groups of GAS: by 22.2% (p <0.05) in the GAS-1 group and by 33.3% (p<0.01) in the GAS-2 group, and in 62.3% of GAS-2 patients, MMP-2 values reached the reference values; in addition, MMP-9 content also decreased significantly (by 15.8%; p<0.05).

Conclusion. The obtained data indicate the expediency of using C and GABA as part of complex therapy in patients with GAS to reduce the level of MMP-2, as one of the important factors of destabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. It is important to continue the search for pharmaceutical drugs capable of positively influencing the level of MMP-9.
RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE STUDY OF PATHOMECHANISMS OF RHYNOSINUSITIS ASSOCIATED WITH NON-STEROID ANTI-INFLAMMATORS INTOLERANCE (literature review)
Authors: Zabolotna D.D. , Moldovanov I.A.
Published: January 2024

Background. The pathomechanism of rhinosinusitis associated with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is complex and still not fully understood. They are now known to be associated with genetic predisposition and environmental triggers that lead to dysregulation of fatty acid and lipid metabolism, cell transmetabolism, and chronic inflammation in the airways.

Aim: analysis of recent advances in the study of aspirin-associated respiratory disease (AERD), summarization of already known information about the pathomechanisms of the disease.

Materials and methods. The analysis of literary sources included publications in the international electronic scientometric databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science by keywords for the period 2013-2023. 46 sources were selected for analysis, of which 24 were used that met the search criteria.

Results. The results showed that researchers are actively studying the role of immunological factors, particularly IgG4 and IgE in the pathogenesis of the disease. IgG4 was detected in nasal polyp tissue and associated with poor postoperative outcome, which may indicate its important role in chronic sinusitis. In addition, cytokines such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-4, IL-10, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33 have been detected in eosinophilic nasal polyps in patients with aspirin intolerance, suggesting their possible role in the development AERD.

Conclusion. The cause of severe nasal polyposis in AERD has not been definitively determined. Further research may lead to the development of more personalized treatments. Dietary modification and development of new monoclonal antibody drugs lead to reduction of AERD symptoms and improvement of patients' quality of life.
Pelaksanaan Fungsi Pengawasan Badan Permusyawatan Desa (Studi di Desa Ayong Kecamatan Sangtombolang Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow)
Authors: Djaafar Lucyane , Hamid Saleh Al
Published: January 2024

The BPD institution as a village institution is an important component in carrying out village development in order to realize village prosperity and independence. The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of the BPD's supervisory function in Ayong Village, Sangtombolang District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research method is qualitative research, namely to analyze the Implementation of the Supervisory Function of the Village Consultative Body. The results of this research are that the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body in Ayong village has not met the community's expectations, where it is still found that several parts of the community's aspirations have not been fulfilled. The community is not satisfied with the services of the Village Consultative Body, because the aspirations they have conveyed have not been responded to well.
A hazai és szlovák gyógyvízkincs balneoterápiai felhasználásának lehetőségei és sajátosságai
Authors: Juhász Eleonóra , Habodászová Orsolya , Guzi Barbara , Kató Csaba
Published: January 2024

Az ásvány- és gyógyvizeink, valamint a hévizeket is magában foglaló felszín alatti vízkészleteink még inkább felértékelődnek a közeli jövőben. A kutatás célja bemutatni a gyógyászati célokra felhasználható magyar és szlovák gyógyvízkincset, valamint országonként elemezni és összevetni a vonatkozó jogszabályi hátteret, a minősített gyógyvizek adatbázisainak elemeit, a gyógyvizek csoportosításának módszerét és balneoterápiai javallatait. Szisztematikusan gyűjtött dokumentumok képezték az elemzés alapját úgy, mint magyar és szlovák joganyagok tartalmi elemei, természetes gyógytényezőkkel összefüggő nyilvános adatbázisok és szakirodalmi közlemények. A gyógyvizekről Szlovákiában törvény rendelkezik, csoportosításának módja rendeletbe van foglalva. A magyar és szlovák terminológia között nincs eltérés. A minősített szlovák gyógyvizek nyilvános adatbázisa megnevezi a felhasználási módokat és a víz hőmérsékletét is. A vizsgált gyógyvizek javallatai jelentős eltérést mutattak országonként. Következtetésünk szerint a határral osztott víztestek közös kutatások lehetőségét nyújtják a fürdővárosok számára.
An Implementation of a Web-based Application with Personalized Learning Path and Seamless Single Sign-On for Self-paced Learning
Authors: Akira Akira , Safitri Cutifa , Juwono Ronny
Published: January 2024

Abstract—Innovation is what enables humans to thrive.
History will repeat itself without innovation, and humanity’s
history is far from ideal. One thing humans do have is the choice
of a bright future. It is up to us, the future leaders, to earn and
achieve this future. This is why education is so important.
Education brings more innovations and wisdom to the world. As
prospective leaders, it is a must to do whatever it takes to make
education more accessible, enjoyable, exciting, and engaging,
allowing students to feel the joy of learning as we do. Our
research explores methods for the system design of an e-learning
platform, focusing on integrating personalized learning path
management and the seamless Single Sign-On authentication
system. This paper contributes to the advancement of the field
of educational technology by proposing a solution aimed at
revolutionizing the learning experience. By proposing
personalized learning paths and the integration of a seamless
Single Sign-On (SSO) system, this paper addresses the critical
challenges surrounding conventional educational approaches
DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-BASED MEDICAL RECORD INFORMATION SYSTEM AT PUSKESMAS SUWAWA
Authors: Bumulo Sri Novita
Published: January 2024

Abstract-This project addresses
problems and provides ideas and suggestions for
problems that occur at the Suwawa Health
Center, because it is known that each Health
Center has a medical record for each patient.
After conducting research at the Suwawa
Community Health Center, they experienced
problems in managing medical records because
they still used handwriting which might cause
medical records to be scattered or possibly lost.
will be required to maintain handwritten medical
records. For this reason, the creation of a web-
based medical record information system will
greatly assist and facilitate health services in
managing or storing patient medical records, it
can also make it easier to view the entire medical
record history of every patient who has been
treated at a Public Health Center. Apart from
that the Suwawa Health Center does not yet have
access to information that is given to local people
online, therefore through this system it provides
information for the community regarding
services and the time needed by the community to
seek treatment at the Suwawa Health Center
KEDUDUKAN HUKUM PRIA DALAM MENGAKSES SISTEM ELEKTRONIK DI LAPTOP YANG DIIZINKAN TEMAN PEREMPUANNYA (Legal status of men accessing electronic systems on laptop which are permitted by Female Friend)
Authors: Satria Parlindungan
Published: January 2024

Information Technology, media and communication role has changed society and human civilization behaviour globally. Information and communication technology development is very quick and world relations are borderless, further significant social, economic and cultural changes are quickly. The impact of information technology contributes to welfare, progress and society civilization as well as acts against the law.

The man and his girlfriend used information and communication technology facilities in which the man lend her a "Laptop" then they agreed to use the same "password" to use the laptop.

Man was reported by his girlfriend on act the accusation that the man had accessed the laptop even though he has the girlfriend’s permission which laptop position was being "logged in".

When the man opened "Facebook", there was a "chat" between his girlfriend and another man tell about the sexual nature of the accused man. There was disharmony. A man changed his girlfriend's Gmail, Facebook, yahoo passwords, and posted WhatsApp conversations between his girlfriend and another man on his girlfriend's Facebook.

This research is related to illegal access through a district court decision for man, Number: 414/Pid.B/2021/PN.Jkt.Pst. decided on article 30 paragraph 2, Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Technology (ITE) for the man.

The objective research is to provide legal certainty for man that the article is not in accordance with legal certainty, because the man has obtained permission from his girlfriend, not the article changing his girlfriend's password.

The method is normative legal research and statute approach which will discuss these allegations with secondary data then the research result can provide legal certainty and justice by changing the multiple interpretations of the article accusing the man that the legal position of man is not doing illegal access because he got girlfriend’s permission.
Community Engagement Training and Research in Counseling Psychology
Authors: Case Amanda , Hoxsey Abigail
Published: January 2024

For decades, leaders in the field of Counseling Psychology (CPSY) have called for scholars and practitioners to engage more with our communities as a manifestation of our values. However, questions remain about the extent to which our field has risen to meet these calls. This two-part pilot project is an attempt to answer those unanswered questions by evaluating the current state of CPSY’s involvement in community engagement practices and scholarship. Part 1 is a 30-year content analysis of community engagement scholarship in three flagship CPSY journals; in Part 2, early career counseling psychologists and counseling psychologists-in-training were surveyed to ascertain the extent to which they were (or are being) trained in engagement-related practices. Results revealed counseling psychology may not have effectively integrated community engagement practices into our training or our scholarship, pointing to possible areas of growth for the field.
Influence of Knowledge, Religious Beliefs, and Halal Certificate on Attitude Toward Brand, Halal Awareness and Purchase Intention: A Case Study on Safi Skincare
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul , Mardhotillah Rachma Rizqina
Published: January 2024

The development of the halal cosmetics business has experienced significant growth in recent years. Halal cosmetics are beauty products that are produced and processed according to Islamic sharia principles. This includes the use of halal ingredients, without haram ingredients such as alcohol or animal ingredients that are not legislated. This study aims to analyze whether Knowledge, Religious Belief, Halal Certificate affect Attitude Toward Brand, Halal Awareness, and Purchase Intention. The population of this study is women who use or do not use Safi products. The sample of this research is 200 respondents obtained by purposive sampling. The data analysis model in this study uses path analysis with smartPLS software. The results of the study show that Knowledge, Religious Belief, Halal Certificate have a significant effect on Attitude Toward Brands, Halal Awareness, and Purchase Intention.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОСВІТИ НОВОГО СТОЛІТТЯ: ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Гончаренко Марія , Мірошниченко Ольга , Шевченко Анастасія
Published: January 2024

У статті висвітлені особливості освіти нового століття, тенденції та перспективи розвитку освіти в умовах сучасних змін і вимог. Вчені зазначають, що темп життя сучасної людини вищий за той, що був декілька років тому, та незрівнянно швидший порівняно з минулими сторіччями. Фізіологія людини не в змозі настільки швидко адаптуватись. Увагу педагогів привертає факт відставання етичних імперативів від рівня змін у технічному та енергоінформаційному середовищі. Вченими аналізується синергетична парадигма пізнання світу, становлення та головні риси педагогічної синергетики, новітньої форми педагогічної рефлексії. Синергетичний підхід у навчанні з великою вірогідністю може ліквідувати наслідки розбіжностей у технічній, біологічній та психолого-духовній еволюції людства. Розкрити, яким чином це можливо зробити на практиці – мета прикладної галузі педагогічної науки та нашого дослідження. На шляху до цієї мети має бути вирішене питання гострої потреби у викладачах нового типу, майбутніх учителях основ здоров'я, здатних нетрадиційно підходити до вирішення різноманітних педагогічних ситуацій, які просто не могли виникнути до енергоінформаційного стрибка, в якому зараз перебуває людство. Проблемам використання синергетичного підходу в педагогіці, осмислення та оптимізація відомих педагогічних систем з точки зору формування гармонійної творчої особистості присвячені дослідження вітчизняних та зарубіжних вчених.

У статті показано, як вітчизняні вчені, педагоги винаходять шляхи пошуку найбільш ефективних методів модернізації освітніх технологій згідно з викликами сучасності. Реалізація відбувається через сучасні технології навчання, які поєднуються з синергетичним підходом завдяки розумінню педагогіки як складної системи, якій притаманні риси відкритості, складності та системності.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF GIFTED EDUCATION IN THE USA ON THE FRAMES OF THE WORLD’S TRENDS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Tadeyeva Mariya , Tadeyeva Petro
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the analysis of the American gifted education from the days of the first colleges and universities functioning up to the beginning of the 21st century. In retrospective aspect, it characterizes the steps of formation and development of American system of teaching gifted and talented students. It highlights the main trends of developing education of this category of students from about 1870 to the Depression years of 1920s – 1930s and the years after the Second World War, the Sputnik period and achievements of the 1970s – 1980s which are connected with the activities of J. Renzulli, R. Sternberg, A. Tannenbaum, J. Van Tassel-Baska and other scientists. The article states that the most definitions select the students who are skilled or talented in a given area (music, language, sports, leadership, logical reasoning or mathematics). The development of early studies in giftedness started from Alfred Binet intelligence tests which have been developed by Lewis Terman in his long-term studies of talented children and Leta Hollingworth was the first in the USA to propose the best practices to serve the gifted children. It is pointed out on the importance of the launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union as the immediate emphasis on education for bright students in the United States. Later, the Marland Report for the first time presented a general definition of giftedness which allowed students to participate in special programs and projects. Despite the considerable attention to the history of gifted education, the US system receives a lot of criticisms. Educational authorities vary in the definition of giftedness (H. Gardner, J. Renzulli, S. Johnsen, L. Terman) and Federal definition has been adopted by the majority of the states in the USA.
ЦИФРОВА ГРАМОТНІСТЬ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ВКЛЮЧЕННЯ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОХИЛОГО ВІКУ У СУЧАСНЕ СУСПІЛЬСТВО
Authors: Уманець Наталія
Published: January 2024

Наведено аналіз ролі цифрової грамотності в адаптації покоління «третього віку» до умов сучасного інформаційного суспільства. Зазначається, що формування інформаційного суспільства і поширення новітніх цифрових технологій виступає значущим фактором соціальнокультурних трансформацій, що відображаються в тому числі і на поколінській динаміці сучасного українського соціуму. На даний момент вивчення процесів, пов'язаних з цифровізацією, в сучасних умовах відстає від потреб теорії та практики. Зазначається, що покоління «третього віку» в сучасних умовах відчуває нестачу знань у сфері використання цифрових технологій і визнає безперечне лідерство у цій сфері за молодими поколіннями. При цьому результати дослідження показують, що більшість представників цієї вікової категорії активно підвищує свою цифрову грамотність і використовує її як адаптаційний ресурс в умовах інформаційного суспільства.

У результаті констатується, що цифрова грамотність реалізує нову інформаційну реальність соціалізації та адаптації людей «третьої вікової категорії» і виявляється у їхньому комфортному існуванні в інформаційно-цифровому суспільстві.
РОЛЬ СІМ’Ї У ВИХОВАННІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ
Authors: Кузнецова Оксана
Published: January 2024

У статті розглянуто роль сім’ї у вихованні національної ідентичності студентської молоді. Розкрито особливості родинного виховання як осередку, в якому закладаються основи виховання загальнолюдських і національних цінностей, духовності та національної ідентичності. Доведено, що саме в сім’ї батьки закладають підґрунтя для уявлень дітей про себе, про своє національне коріння, формують ставлення до своєї та інших культур, традицій різних народів та етносів, мають безсумнівний вплив на рівень вихованості національної ідентичності. В родинно-сімейному вихованні відбувається процес становлення особистості, в якому провідна роль належить взаємодії між батьками та дітьми, що поєднує належні матеріальні та педагогічні умови для фізичного, морального й духовного розвитку дитини, під час якого завжди гармонійно поєднується національно-патріотичне виховання та повага до прав і свобод населення, що проживає в Україні та у всьому світі. Ступінь сформованості національної ідентичності дитини напряму залежить від ступеня власної ідентичності батьків, їхніх поглядів та переконань в цьому питанні, що в майбутньому буде відбиватися на уявленнях і світогляду підростаючого покоління. Окреслено напрями виховання національної ідентичності у родинному вихованні, що допоможуть у самовизначенні молоді. Визначено, що взаємодія між закладом вищої освіти та сім’єю молодої людини, опора на родинні традиції, ставлення до своєї та інших культур, уявлення про національну приналежність, що пропагуються в сімейному колі, набувають сьогодні особливого педагогічного значення та актуальності.
Patterns of insecticide uses and its impact on the health of the farmers in Tangail district of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam A , Samiha A , Amin MR , Rukonuzzaman M , Hossain MS
Published: January 2024

Appropriate and judicious application of insecticide is the most effective measure of crop protection against the injury and damage of insect pests. However, the tendency of the farmers is to apply insecticide without maintaining proper dose, time and precautionary measures. This study was conducted in Dhanbari and Madhupur upazilas of the Tangail district during July to October 2020 to find out the patterns of insecticide use on summer vegetables and the potential risks of insecticides on the health of farmers. Data were collected from randomly selected 120 farmers through a pre-tested questionnaire. The majority of farmers within the study area obtained information regarding specific insect pests and the recommended insecticide from local retailer shops 81.7%), whereas information on insecticide dosage was primarily gathered from experts (91.7%). In the study area, farmers applied insecticides once/twice a season (66.7%). The survey report showed that 60.0% of the farmers applied insecticides without reading the label information, while all the farmers applied insecticides using hand driven sprayer machine between the hours of 10 am to 3 pm. Results revealed that 63.3% of the farmers took a moderate protective measures, but 93.3% did not consider pre-harvest Interval (PHI). A considerable portion of farmers (48.3%) kept pesticide bottles and packaging alongside other inputs, while most respondents (96.6%) disposed of these items in the fields. It was found that 70.0% of the farmers were acquainted with health hazards, 56.6% knew about water pollution, 54.1% knew about reduction of pollinators due to insecticide application. Based on the perspectives of the participants, it was also found that, 60.0% farmers suffered from physical weakness, 55.0% suffered in loss of appetite, 38.3% suffered in eye irritation, 28.3% experienced in body itching, and 12.7% suffered urinary and sexual disorder.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2023) 27 (1): 31-39
Population dynamics of Trichoderma harzianum in bio- fortified compost against soil-borne potato diseases
Authors: Bhuiyan MKA , Rubayet MT
Published: January 2024

Soil-borne diseases pose significant challenges to global potato cultivation, resulting in yield losses and economic implications. Utilizing biological control agents offers a sustainable and environmentally and friendly approach to manage these diseases. Before implementing the experiment in the field, a series of in-vitro tests were conducted to select a virulent isolate of the tested pathogens and an effective antagonistic isolate of Trichoderma harzianum. In the pathogenicity test, isolate RS-1 of Rhizoctonia solani and isolate SR-8 of Sclerotium rolfsii exhibited the highest virulence against two pathogens in potato variety ‘Cardinal’ in regard to seedling mortality (44.44-88.88%). During in vitro screening, T. harzianum isolate Tri 7 displayed the greatest ability to inhibit the mycelium growth of all tested pathogens. In the field trial, the highest seedling mortality (69.06%) was observed in T2 (Fresh seeds+ Soil inoculated with R. solani and S. rolfsii). However, the highest seedling mortality (86.94%) was reduced by treatment T7 (Fresh seeds+ Soil inoculated with R. solani and S. rolfsii +500g wheat grain colonized with Trichoderma fortified poultry compost). Treatment T7 also recorded the lowest incidences of stem canker (7.83%) and stem rot (8.64%), whereas the highest disease incidences occurred in the T2 treatment plot. Notably, treatment T7 gave the highest yield of 30.94 tons/ha, while the control plot T2 yielded the lowest at 12.17 tons/ha. Initially, Trichoderma population was minimal prior to the application of Trichoderma- fortified compost. However, populations gradually increased over time, peaking at 3 months across all treatments except the control, where no Trichoderma was applied. However, a decline in T. harzianum population was noted one month after potato harvesting. This approach offers a potential solution for managing potato soil-borne diseases in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2023) 27 (1): 81-92
Nutritional Studies of Different Cultivars of Dolichos lablab and Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Zaman Absheen , Mahmood Hamida Nooreen , Tushy Tahfima Sultana , Haque Md Enamul
Published: January 2024

This article decribes the nutrient composition of different varieties of Dolichos lablab seeds and Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. In this experiment, nine different types of Dolichos lablab seeds and eight different types of Phaseolus vulgaris seed samples were analyzed for proximate composition, sugar, vitamins, and minerals content. Dolichos lablabs seeds contained 13.2%-16.1% moisture, 1.7%-3.45% ash, 0.6%- 1.39% total fat,16.58%-29.04% total protein, 6.85%-8.91% crude fiber, 51.66%-66.16% total carbohydrate,328.65-340.59 Kcal energy, 0.0172- 0.58% reducing sugars, 51.2-66.15% non-reducing sugars, 0.01-0.78% glucose, and 15.43-18.39% amylose. Phaseolus vulgaris seed contains 12.5%-14.9% moisture, 2.98%-5% ash, 0.49%- 14.9% total fat, 11.19%-29.04% total protein, 2.9%-3.6% crude fiber, 53.36%-71.10% total carbohydrate, 328.76-453.29 kcal energy, 0.05-0.51% reducing sugars, 53.174-70.643% non-reducing sugars, 0.01-0.32% glucose, and 6.43-18.47% amylose. Thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, L-ascorbic acid content for Dolichos lablab seeds ranged 1.11-1.24 mg/100g, 1.53-1.67 mg/100g, 0.04-0.21 mg/100g, 5.52-11.06 mg/100g respectively. And for Phaseolus vulgaris, thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, L-ascorbic acid content ranged 0.19-1.6 %, 2.2-2.38%, 0.24-1.7 %, 2.765-5.54 % respectively. Both Dolichos lablab and Phaseolus vulgaris contained good amount of minerals. Dolichos lablab contained phosphorus 374-500 mg, calcium 31.63-130.1 mg, copper 0.878-1.04 mg, iron 5.957-14.182 mg, magnesium 1377.16-2332.16 mg, manganese 0.19125-0.35875 mg, nickel 0.13-1.663 mg, zinc 3.89-6.61 mg, and cadmium 0.0013-0.025 mg. On the other hand, Phaseolus vulgaris contained phosphorus 362-584 mg, calcium 41.63-104.1 mg, copper 0.823-1.646 mg, iron 4.845-13.08 mg, magnesium 1462.16-1697.16 mg, manganese 0.1375-0.275 mg, nickel 0.215-5.463 mg, zinc 1.07-12.2 mg, and cadmium 0.0012-0.312 mg in it. Thus nutritional studies on beans could bring about important changes in our food habit in order to prevent many diseases related to nutritional deficiency.
Bangladesh J. Nutr. Vol. 32, December 2019, P: 25-35
Medicinal Uses of Garlic - a mini review
Authors: Akter Sharmin , Ahsan Monira , Islam Sheikh Nazrul
Published: January 2024

Nature is serving as an abundant source of medicinal herbs and plants. Garlic is a medicinal herb with potential nutritional values. It has been used as a potential medicinal herb. Since time immemorial, garlic is a remedy for various physiological disorders. This review focuses on the medicinal uses of garlic in treatment and prevention of several chronic and acute diseases including infection of multidrug resistant Shigella infection.
Bangladesh J. Nutr. Vol. 32, December 2019, P: 61-72
Prevalence and Determinants of Child Health and Nutritional Status in Selected Areas of Cumilla District in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md Nazrul Islam , Jubayer Ahmed , Nayan Md Moniruzzaman , Islam Md Hafizul , Hasan Trisheeta Nazmeen
Published: January 2024

Child malnutrition is a great public health issue and for that reason adequate nutrition is identified as one of the pillars of public health. This present study aimed to explore the extent of child malnutrition as well as factors associated with undernutrition and Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Cumilla. A cross sectional study was conducted in selected areas of Cumilla district in April, 2019. In total 355 households were included in the study following inclusion criteria and 299 under five children was assessed for anthropometry. SPSS (version 25) and WHO Anthro (version 3.3.2) was used for analytical purpose. Prevalence of LBW was 18.6% and mean (SD) birth weight was 2.54 (0.78) kg. Important covariates for LBW were uneducated mother (AOR = 1.32, p < 0.001), household food security (AOR = 0.81, p < 0.001) and intake of iron tablet during pregnancy (AOR = 0.56, p < 0.05). Prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight was 39.6%, 18.9%, 31.2%, and 7.5% respectively. Around 16% children were concurrently stunted and wasted, 18% were both stunted and underweight and 14% were both wasted and underweight. Odds of being malnourished was higher among premature babies (stunting: AOR = 1.24, p < 0.05; wasting: AOR = 1.66, p < 0.05; underweight: AOR = 1.37, p < 0.001). More than83% children were exclusively breastfed; median duration of breastfeeding was 19.6 months and vaccination coverage were87.9%. Both undernutrition and overnutrition prevalence among under-five children in Cumilla is quite high. Health information strategies targeting young child feeding practices may be effective to minimize undernutrition quickly.
Bangladesh J. Nutr. Vol. 33, December 2020, P: 1-9
An Assessment of Pre-diabetic and Diabetic Conditions among the Garo Population in Bangladesh
Authors: Munni Ummy Salma , Islam Khaleda
Published: January 2024

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases and has a major impact on public health worldwide. It causes a vast contribution to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several factors like age, sex, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia may be potentially controlled or minimized leading to huge benefits in the management and prevention of prediabetes and diabetes. Many diabetes studies have been conducted in Bangladesh among the general population, but only a few have been conducted among the indigenous population. Garos are one of the important ethnic groups in Bangladesh but major non communicable disease, diabetes has not been assessed among them. The present study was undertaken to assess the diabetic and prediabetic conditions of the Garo population in Bangladesh. It was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design conducted among 106 Garo people from Mymensingh and Tangail districts of Bangladesh. The result of the study shows that 7.5% of the study population had a family history of diabetes and mean± SD fasting blood glucose level (mmol/L) was 5.42 ± 2.83. The study found that 13.2% had impaired fasting glucose or prediabetic and 7.6% was diabetic based fasting blood glucose (FBG). Among the study population, 2.8% of the diabetic patient took insulin. The study also revealed gender-based distribution of diabetes mellitus among males and females, where 9.6% of the female participants were diabetic, based FBG. In association with nutritional status, it was found that 9.5% of the underweight 5.7% of the normal weight individuals, 10.8% of the overweight participants were diabetic based on FBG. Positive correlation was observed between waist hip ratio (WHR) and fasting blood glucose level (r=0.23, p<0.05). The SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure) had a positive correlation with fasting (r=0.22, p<0.05). Hypertension, WHR and diabetic conditions were found to be correlated in this community.
Bangladesh J. Nutr. Vol. 33, December 2020, P: 11-19
Assessing Inadequate Dietary Diversity among Bangladeshi Adolescent Girls using COM-B Model: A Review
Authors: Tukun Avonti Basak
Published: January 2024

Inadequate dietary diversity of adolescent girls has long been a problem in Bangladesh which contributed to the high prevalence of undernourishment among adolescent girls. Regardless of the socio-economic condition, the majority of the adolescent girls’ diet belongs to least diverse groups compared to other members of the households. Moreover, there is a lack of evidence on the determinants of this inadequate diversity. This review aims to identify these determinants using COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior) model. Eight databases and other sources were searched, and after removing irrelevant literature, 18 articles and reports were included to identify and categorize determinants in three components (capability, opportunity, and motivation) of COM-B model. The evidence revealed that the most important determinants of adolescent girls’ inadequate dietary diversity are: food insecurity and market availability of varieties of foods (determine the physical opportunity and capacity of girl and their households);lack of knowledge and awareness (the main driver of psychological capacity and motivations to have diverse diet); and pro-male socio-cultural and gender norms (limit girl’s social opportunity and reflectively motivate household members to curb girl’s accessibility to varieties of nutritious foods).Most of the determinants interact with each other to make complex nexus, making it difficult even for adolescent girls from wealthy and educated households to meet their nutritional demands by availing varieties of foods. Especially, socio-cultural and gender norms interfere with each determinant, making the adolescent girl’s more vulnerable to inadequacy. Comprehensive multi-component programs and interventions are imperative, which not only remove the external factors related to the physical opportunity of having diverse foods but also abolish the attitude-behaviour gap by creating the conducive socio-cultural environment or adolescent girls.
Bangladesh J. Nutr. Vol. 33, December 2020, P: 29-43
Feeding Pattern and Nutritional Status of Under Two Years of Children in Climate-vulnerable Southern Barisal and Khulna Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Bari Farzana Sultana , Amin Md Ruhul , Mannan Mohammad Abdul , Shaheen Nazma
Published: January 2024

Globally, undernutrition is responsible for almost half of all infant deaths. Recommended infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices have been considered to be protective against undernutrition. The objective of the study was to assess the pattern of IYCF practices as well as the nutritional status of children 0-23 months in Barishal and Khulna region of Bangladesh. To assess the current feeding practices and factors associated with nutritional status, the present study used secondary data from a baseline survey of the project titled, "Integrated Agriculture and Health-based Interventions for Improved Food and Nutrition Security in Selected Districts of Southern Bangladesh". Socio-demographic, anthropometric and IYCF indicators were analyzed. The results showed that 30.6% of children met minimum dietary diversity (MDD) whereas 76.2% of children attained minimum meal frequency (MMF) and 29.1% of children had minimum acceptable diet (MAD) subsequently. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 27.1%, 8.9%and 20.1%, respectively. All indicators of the IYCF were significantly associated with age and MAD was statistically significant with the children's household wealth index and sex. There was a high prevalence of underweight among children who did not receive MDD (25.4%), MMF (26.5%), or (MAD) (25.3%), compared to children who received MDD (20.6%), MMF (22.9%), or MAD (20%). In comparison with national data, IYCF practices in Barishal districts are better than those in Khulna districts, but still fall below the national target of 34% by 2025. Therefore, to optimize the IYCF practices among the children extensive programmes and research work are required.
Bangladesh J. Nutr. Vol. 33, December 2020, P: 73-85
Nutrition-sensitive Food Systems: Brief Perspectives
Authors: Bhattacharjee Lalita , Seki Richemont , Ashraf Md Musharraf , Tontisirin Kraisid
Published: January 2024

Food systems – covering the ‘production to the plate’ chain – comprise food production, processing, marketing, utilization, and consumption. It facilitates peoples’ access to nutritious food in an adequate amount and variety necessary for maintaining a healthy life, irrespective of age, gender, culture, and social stratum. Food systems also address people’s access to information to facilitate their informed choice of food. To this end, food system elements and nutrition have linkages that offer opportunities for policy priorities, programs, and strategies. The trends in hunger and food insecurity, dietary consumption, and malnutrition appear to vary across the globe amidst the recurrent effects of global warming and socio-political crises which pose challenges for many developing countries to achieve the SDG 2.1 target. There is a need for strengthening the linkages between sustainable healthy diets for nutrition and between food systems and nutrition along with addressing the alterations in food systems amidst urbanization and diet changes. Policy actions should leverage nutrition sensitive agriculture and food systems with prospects for women, small holder farmers, and communities to improve diets and nutrition.
Bangladesh J. Nutr. Vol. 34, December 2020, P: 25-39
Nutrition and Epidemiologic Transition on Body Composition and Dietary Pattern of Indigenous Children and Adolescents in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Subapriya Sylvia M , Islam Khaleda , Islam Khaleda , Anusha RV Lakshmi Alias , Dhanapal Anto Cordelia Tanislaus Antony
Published: January 2024

Malaysia has been undergoing rapid nutrition and drastic epidemiologic transition over the past two decades. This has resulted in the evolution of synergistic existence between undernutrition, overnutrition and hidden hunger. The indigenous population of Malaysia known as Orang Asli continues to experience hunger pandemic in spite of industrialisation and economic growth. The objective of this study was to appraise the impact of nutrition and epidemiologic transition among indigenous children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried among Semai Orang Asli children and adolescents (6-18 years) in Perak. Population Proportion to Size (PPS) was adopted to the sample size samples (N=747) representative of all districts in Perak. Demographic and socio-economic profile was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire, anthropometric measurements were recorded using World Health Organization standard protocols and 24- hour recall method was used to appraise the dietary pattern. Physical signs and symptoms for nutritional deficiencies were done with the help of trained public health nurses. The results were analyzed using SPSS22.0 software to establish possible associations. The findings showed that the incidence of underweight (2%) and malnutrition has declined significantly, with the emerging trends of overweight (19%) and obesity (0.7%) among school children and adolescents. Protein and Energy Malnutrition, Vitamin A, iron and iodine deficiencies, and dental fluorosis were commonly present among the study population. Poor inclusion of fruits and vegetables, legumes, and dairy foods leads to poor dietary diversity among these children. Nutrition and the epidemiologic transition has had a profound impact even on the indigenous population which warrants immediate attention and intervention.
Bangladesh J. Nutr. Vol. 34, December 2020, P: 41-53
The Treatment of Severe Wasting in Bangladesh: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Mehjabeen Sajia
Published: January 2024

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J. Nutr. Vol. 34, December 2020, P: 109-111
Study on Outcome of Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery with Clear Corneal Steep Axis Incision
Authors: Raihan Mohammad Hussain , Kabir Farah Hossaini , Khan Kamrul Hasan , Kajmina Natasha , Hasan A K M Rashedul , Hasan Mohammad Mahbubul
Published: January 2024

A prospective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from April to October of 2019, to observe the outcome and determine the amount of surgically induced astigmatism in phacoemulsification cataract surgery done with clear corneal incision. A total of 60 patients were included in this study. Cataract extraction was done in all the patients by phacoemulsification through clear corneal incision with foldable intraocular lens implantation. All the surgeries were done with INTREPID Micro-Coaxial system using the INFINITI Vision system by the same surgeon under local anaesthesia. The patients were followed up on 1st, 7th, and 30th POD. The parameters recorded were uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination, and keratometry. Due to clear corneal incision on steep axis, the steep meridian became flat, from 44.329±1.473D (diopter) (as found in pre-operative keratometry) to 43.971±1.431D (on the 30th post-operative day). On the other hand, the flat meridian became steeper from 43.225±1.471D (pre-operative) to 43.225±1.501D (on the 30th day). At preoperative examination and 30th day follow-up visit, astigmatism was determined as 1.10±0.319 and 0.583±0.413 respectively. The change of astigmatism was statistically significant (P<0.05).  
CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 41-45
Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles of C-Reactive Protein in Childhood Pneumonia
Authors: Badruzzaman  , Kamruzzaman Mohammed , Quddush A S M Ruhul , Amin Shayla , Parvin Sabiha , Sultana Faria
Published: January 2024

A hospital-based, case-control study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics in Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMC,B) Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, between February and September of 2013, to determine the role of CRP for the diagnosis of pneumonia as well as treatment response of pneumonia. A total of 180 children with pneumonia were enrolled – 90 as case (group A) and another 90 having ARI other than pneumonia as control (group B), based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Necessary information was collected by detailed history taking, clinical examination and close follow-up in the hospital, by using a pre-designed data sheet. The mean±SD age of the participants as case (group A) and control (group B) were 8.53±10.24 and 6.68±3.59 respectively (P>0.05). Male children were 66(73.3%) and 68(75.6%), while female children were 24(26.7%) and 22(24.4%) in group A and group B respectively (P>0.05). In two groups, the mean CRP before treatment were 48.80±32.4 and 3.60±1.30 respectively; the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001), which signifies that those who were suffering from pneumonia had an initial CRP response much higher than those who were suffering from other forms of respiratory diseases. Among antibiotic responders, symptoms and signs resolved in approximately 2-4 days; however, among non-responders, symptoms even persisted >7 days. Among the responders, CRP was significantly reduced after treatment (P<0.001); in contrast, among non-responders, even after treatment, no or little reduction in CRP was observed (P>0.05). Hence, we suggest that measuring CRP to see the antibiotic response in childhood pneumonia is helpful.  
CBMJ 2024 January: vol. 13 no. 01 P: 46-52