bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Software and resources for experiments and data analysis of MEG and EEG data
Authors: Andersen Lau M.
Published: September 2019

Data from magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) is extremely rich and multifaceted. For example, in a standard MEG recording with 306 sensors and a sampling rate of 1,000 Hz, 306,000 data points are sampled every second. To be able to answer the question, which was the ultimate reason for acquiring the data, thus necessitates efficient data handling. Luckily, several software packages have been developed for handling MEG and/or EEG data. To name some of the most popular: MNE-Python; FieldTrip; Brainstorm; EEGLAB and SPM. These are all available under a public domain licence, meaning that they can be run, shared and modified by anyone. Commercial software released under proprietary licences include BESA and CURRY. It is important to be aware of that for clinical diagnosis of for example epilepsy, certified software is required FieldTrip, MNE-Python, Brainstorm, EEGLAB and SPM for example cannot be used for that. In this chapter, the emphasis will be on MNE-Python and FieldTrip. This will allow users of both Python and MATLAB (or alternatively GNU Octave to code along as the chapter unfolds. As a general remark, all that MNE-Python can do, FieldTrip can do and vice versa – though with some small difference. A full analysis going from raw data to a source reconstruction will be presented, illustrated with both code and figures with the aim of providing newcomers to the field a stepping stone towards doing their own analyses of their own datasets.
A simple method for the selective quantification of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene plastic debris in soil by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Steinmetz Zacharias , Kintzi Aaron , Muñoz Katherine , Schaumann Gabriele E.
Published: September 2019

The lack of adequate analytical methods for the quantification of plastic debris in soil challenges a better understanding of their occurrence and fate in the terrestrial environment. With this study, we developed and validated a simple and fast method for the selective quantification of the three most environmentally relevant polymers polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) in soil using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). In order to facilitate the preparation of calibration series and to better account for the heterogeneity of soil matrix, polymers were dissolved in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) at 120 °C. Thereby, liquid sample aliquots from up to 4 g of solid sample became amenable to pyrolysis without further preparation. To evaluate the performance of this approach, three reference soils with 1.73–5.16 % organic carbon (Corg) were spiked at 50 and 250 μg g−1 of each polymer and extracted with TCB. A prior cleanup step with methanol, flocculation with KAl(SO4)2, and Fenton digestion were tested for their suitability to reduce potentially interfering Corg. Calibration curves responded linearly (adj. R2 > 0.996) with instrumental detection limits of 1–86 ng corresponding to method detection limits of 1–86 μg g−1. The measurement repeatability was 3.2–7.2 % relative standard deviation. The best recoveries (70–128 %) were achieved for plastic contents of 250 μg g−1 extracted with TCB without prior cleanup from soils with less than 2.5 % Corg. A higher Corg particularly interfered with the quantification of PE. The addition of non-target polymers (polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, poly(methyl methacrylate), and tire wear particles) did not interfere with the quantification of the analytes highlighting the selectivity of the method. Further research is needed to determine low plastic contents in soils exceeding 2.5 % Corg. With less than 3 h processing time per sample, our method is particularly suitable for routine analyses and screening studies of agricultural systems to be complemented with microspectroscopic techniques for additional information on particle shapes and sizes.
Perspectives on the utilization of resistance mechanisms from host and nonhost plants for durable protection ofBrassicacrops against Alternaria blight
Authors: Fatima Urooj , Bhorali Priyadarshini , Borah Sudarshana , Senthil-Kumar Muthappa
Published: September 2019

Background

Alternaria brassicae, the causal organism of Alternaria blight, is a necrotroph infecting crops of theBrassicaceaefamily at all growth stages. To circumvent this problem, several disease management strategies are being used in the field, and disease-resistant varieties have also been developed. However, no strategy has proven completely successful, owing to the high variability in virulence amongA. brassicaeisolates, which causes a diverse spectrum of symptoms. Nonhost resistance (NHR) is a robust and broad-spectrum defense mechanism available in plants, and the exploitation of gene pools from plant species that are nonhost toA. brassicaecould serve as novel sources of resistance.

Methodology

We searched the literature using key words relevant to this study in various search engines, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, as well as certain journal websites. The literature was retrieved, sorted, and mined to extract data pertinent to the present review.

Results

In this review, we have comprehensively covered the recent progress made in developing Alternaria blight resistance inBrassicacrops by exploiting host germplasm. We also enumerate the potential NHR sources available forA. brassicaeand the NHR layers possibly operating against this pathogen. In addition, we propose different strategies for identifying NHR-related genes from nonhost plants and testing their relevance in imparting broad-spectrum resistance when transferred to host plants.

Conclusion

This review will help broaden the current knowledge base pertaining to the resistance sources available in host germplasm, the exploitation of NHR mechanisms, and their applications in protectingBrassicacrops from Alternaria blight. The insights might also be applicable to a wider repertoire of plant pathogens.
Exploring the expression and preliminary function of chicken Gimap5 gene
Authors: Zhang Wanting , Xu Sifan , Wu Guanxian , Liu Yang , Wang Qiuyuan , Man Chaolai
Published: September 2019

GTPase immune-associated protein 5 (Gimap5) plays a key role in maintaining T cell homeostasis, immunological tolerance and inflammatory processes. However, there are no reports on the chicken Gimap5 gene. In this study, the Gimap5 gene was first cloned from chicken and characterized its tissue expression characteristics in different developmental stages. The transcriptional activities of the Gimap5 gene in immune response were identified. The results showed that full-length cDNA sequence of Gimap5 contained 771 bp and encoded a 256-amino acid protein. The Gimap5 gene was transcribed in various tissues and different development stages. The transcriptional activities of Gimap5 gene in the most tissues increased with the development of chicken, but significantly up to peak in liver and large intestine of 10-month-old chicken. The Gimap5 gene exhibited differential transcriptional activities in immune-related tissues in immune responses, with down-regulated in liver (P < 0.01), spleen (P < 0.05) and bursa of Fabricius (P < 0.05), and up-regulated in thymus (P < 0.01). The results show that Gimap5 may be a multifunctional gene involved in tissue function, development and immune response in chicken. These data can provide the foundation for further study of Gimap5.
Larval assemblages over the abyssal plain in the Pacific are highly diverse and spatially patchy
Authors: Kersten Oliver , Vetter Eric W. , Jungbluth Michelle J. , Smith Craig R. , Goetze Erica
Published: September 2019

Abyssal plains are among the most biodiverse yet least explored marine ecosystems on our planet, and they are increasingly threatened by human impacts, including future deep seafloor mining. Recovery of abyssal populations from the impacts of polymetallic nodule mining will be partially determined by the availability and dispersal of pelagic larvae leading to benthic recolonization of disturbed areas of the seafloor. Here we use a tree-of-life (TOL) metabarcoding approach to investigate the species richness, diversity, and spatial variability of the larval assemblage at mesoscales across the abyssal seafloor in two mining-claim areas in the eastern Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ; abyssal Pacific). Our approach revealed a previously unknown taxonomic richness within the meroplankton assemblage, detecting larvae from 12 phyla, 23 Classes, 46 Orders, and 65 Families, including a number of taxa not previously reported at abyssal depths or within the Pacific Ocean. A novel suite of parasitic copepods and worms were sampled, from families that are known to associate with other benthic invertebrates or demersal fishes as hosts. Larval assemblages were patchily distributed at the mesoscale, with little similarity in OTUs detected among deployments even within the same 30 × 30 km study area. Our results provide baseline observations on larval diversity prior to polymetallic nodule mining in this region, and emphasize our overwhelming lack of knowledge regarding larvae of the benthic boundary layer in abyssal plain ecosystems.
Effect of orienteering experience on walking and running in the absence of vision and hearing
Authors: Machowska Weronika , Cych Piotr , Siemieński Adam , Migasiewicz Juliusz
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This study aimed to examine differences between track and field (T&F) runners and foot-orienteers (Foot-O) in the walking and running tests in the absence of vision and hearing. We attempted to determine whether experienced foot orienteers show better ability to maintain the indicated direction compared to track and field runners.

Methods

This study examined 11 Foot-O and 11 T&F runners. The study consisted of an interview, a field experiment of walking and running in a straight line in the absence of vision and hearing, and coordination skills tests.

Results

Participants moved straight min. 20 m and max. 40 m during the walking test and min. 20 m and max. 125 m during the running test and then they moved around in a circle. Significant differences between groups were found for the distance covered by walking. Differences between sexes were documented for the distance covered by running and angular deviations. Relationship between lateralization and tendencies to veer were not found. Differences were observed between Foot-O and T&F groups in terms of coordination abilities.

Conclusions

Participants moved in circles irrespective of the type of movement and experience in practicing the sport. Orienteers may use information about their tendencies to turning more often left or right to correct it during their races in dense forests with limited visibility or during night orienteering competition.
Kinematics of maleEupalaestrus weijenberghi(Araneae, Theraphosidae) locomotion on different substrates and inclines
Authors: Silva-Pereyra Valentina , Fábrica C Gabriel , Biancardi Carlo M. , Pérez-Miles Fernando
Published: September 2019

Background

The mechanics and energetics of spider locomotion have not been deeply investigated, despite their importance in the life of a spider. For example, the reproductive success of males of several species is dependent upon their ability to move from one area to another. The aim of this work was to describe gait patterns and analyze the gait parameters ofEupalaestrus weijenberghi(Araneae, Theraphosidae) in order to investigate the mechanics of their locomotion and the mechanisms by which they conserve energy while traversing different inclinations and surfaces.

Methods

Tarantulas were collected and marked for kinematic analysis. Free displacements, both level and on an incline, were recorded using glass and Teflon as experimental surfaces. Body segments of the experimental animals were measured, weighed, and their center of mass was experimentally determined. Through reconstruction of the trajectories of the body segments, we were able to estimate their internal and external mechanical work and analyze their gait patterns.

Results

Spiders mainly employed a walk-trot gait. Significant differences between the first two pairs and the second two pairs were detected. No significant differences were detected regarding the different planes or surfaces with respect to duty factor, time lags, stride frequency, and stride length. However, postural changes were observed on slippery surfaces. The mechanical work required for traversing a level plane was lower than expected. In all conditions, the external work, and within it the vertical work, accounted for almost all of the total mechanical work. The internal work was extremely low and did not rise as the gradient increased.

Discussion

Our results support the idea of considering the eight limbs functionally divided into two quadrupeds in series. The anterior was composed of the first two pairs of limbs, which have an explorative and steering purpose and the posterior was more involved in supporting the weight of the body. The mechanical work to move one unit of mass a unit distance is almost constant among the different species tested. However, spiders showed lower values than expected. Minimizing the mechanical work could help to limit metabolic energy expenditure that, in small animals, is relatively very high. However, energy recovery due to inverted pendulum mechanics only accounts for only a small fraction of the energy saved. Adhesive setae present in the tarsal, scopulae, and claw tufts could contribute in different ways during different moments of the step cycle, compensating for part of the energetic cost on gradients which could also help to maintain constant gait parameters.
Simulated manned Mars exploration: effects of dietary and diurnal cycle variations on the gut microbiome of crew members in a controlled ecological life support system
Authors: Dong Hai-Sheng , Chen Pu , Yu Yan-Bo , Zang Peng , Wei Zhao
Published: September 2019

Background

Changes in gut microbiome are closely related to dietary and environment variations, and diurnal circle interventions impact on human metabolism and the microbiome. Changes in human gut microbiome and serum biochemical parameters during long-term isolation in a controlled ecological life support system (CELSS) are of great significance for maintaining the health of crewmembers. The Green Star 180 project performed an integrated study involving a four-person, 180-day duration assessment in a CELSS, during which variations in gut microbiome and the concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, α-tocopherol, retinol and folic acid from the crewmembers were determined.

Results

Energy intake and body mass index decreased during the experiment. A trade-off between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes during the study period was observed. Dynamic variations in the two dominant genus Bacteroides and Prevotella indicated a variation of enterotypes. Both the evenness and richness of the fecal microbiome decreased during the isolation in the CELSS. Transition of diurnal circle from Earth to Mars increased the abundance of Fusobacteria phylum and decreased alpha diversity of the fecal microbiome. The levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the CELSS were significantly lower than those outside the CELSS.

Conclusions

The unique isolation process in the CELSS led to a loss of alpha diversity and a transition of enterotypes between Bacteroides and Prevotella. Attention should therefore be paid to the transition of the diurnal circle and its effects on the gut microbiome during manned Mars explorations. In particular, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels require monitoring under artificial light environments and during long-term space flight. Large-scale studies are required to further consolidate our findings.
Effect of Potting Mixture of Poultry Manure and Horse-dung on the Growth of Tamarindus indica L. (Tamarind) Seedlings
Authors: Adedokun S. A. , Sulaiman O. N. , Alarape A. B. , Olunloyo A. A.
Published: September 2019

This study examined the effect of potting mixture of poultry manure and horse-dung on the growth of Tamarindus indica L. The experiment was carried out at the Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan and lasted for Sixteen (16) weeks. Four weeks old seedlings were transplanted into polythene pots thoroughly mixed with varying levels of poultry manure and horse-dung at 5 g, 7.5 g and 10 g level of application with 2 kg of top soil each. Control plants received no treatments. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized design (CRD) with seven (7) treatments replicated four times each. The following variables were assessed weekly for a period of sixteen weeks: Plant height, number of leaves, stem girth and leaflet number. The data collected was afterwards subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% level of significance. The result shows the treatment T5 which is application of 7.5 g of horse-dung had the best performance with respect to plant height, treatment T3 which the application of 10 g of poultry manure performed best with respect to number of leaflet. Treatment T2 which is the application of 7.5 g of poultry manure had the best performance with respect to production of leaves and treatment T1 which is the application of 5 g of poultry manure performed best with respect to stem girth. Based on the results of this study treatment T5 (horse-dung at 7.5 g) and treatment T1 (poultry manure at 5 g) can be recommended for timber production and furniture making if the trait of desire is along that line. Also treatment T3 (poultry manure at 10g) and treatment T2 (poultry manure at 7.5 g) can be recommended for medicinal purpose and as food if the trait of desire is along that line.
Effect of Garlic Oil Supplementation on Intake, Digestibility, Performance and Rumen Function of Goats Fed Silage Based-diet
Authors: Okoruwa M. I. , Edoror O. M.
Published: September 2019

This study was conducted to assess the effect of garlic oil supplementation on intake, digestibility, performance and rumen function of goats. Thirty goats with initial average body weight of 6 ± 0.99 kg were randomly divided into five treatments with six goats each in a completely randomized design. The diets contained a control group without garlic oil (CA1) and diets supplemented with garlic oil at 20 g (GB2), 25 g (GC3), 30 g (GD4) and 35 g (GE5). Results showed that acid detergent fibre and lignin (66.02 and 52.37%) digestibility, total volatile fatty acid with acetate (88.62 mM and 69.68mol/100mol), feed conversion ratio (9.47), ammonia nitrogen (12.39mg/dl), methane (21.96mol/mol) and protozoa (8.93 x 108 cfµ/mol) of goats reared on CA1 were (P < 0.05) higher than those on test diets (GB2, GC3, GD4 and GE5). Goats fed on GC3 and GD4 diets had higher (P < 0.05) nutrients digestibility with rumen parameters, daily weight gain and intake compared with those on CA1, CB2 and GE5 diets. The ether extract intake (58.09%) and digestibility (64.03%) in goats reared on GE5 were (P < 0.05) higher than those on other diets. Ash intake and digestibility, rumen pH, iso-butyrate, valerate, iso-valerate and total fungi count were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by treatment diets. In conclusion, the supplementation of garlic oil to treatment diets improved intake, digestibility, performance and rumen function of goats, indicating garlic oil as alternative additive to improve poor quality feeds.
Obscena em cena: gestualidade, gênero, sexualidade e transprogramação na performance "Maminha"
Authors: Chastinet (in memoriam) Ivana , Brito (org.) Marcelo Sousa
Published: September 2019

Ivana Chastinet faleceu no dia 8 de agosto de 2017 em decorrência de uma metástase causada por um câncer que começou nos seios e quase percorreu todo o seu corpo. O corpo foi a base de seus trabalhos criativos e seu próprio objeto de pesquisa. O câncer que lhe tirou a vida foi estímulo para ela continuar resistindo em finalizar sua pesquisa de Mestrado, intitulada “Obscena em cena: gestualidade, gênero, sexualidade e transprogramação na performance ‘Maminha’”, junto ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Artes Cênicas, da Universidade Federal da Bahia, sob a orientação da Professora Doutora Suzana Martins e com bolsa de estudos da Capes.

 

Mas, quis o corpo, a matéria, que Ivana parasse por ali o que havia dado início. Um início consistente e que pode servir de base para futuras pesquisas e desdobramentos outros. Mas, era também seu desejo que o pouco que ela deixou escrito fosse disponibilizado e compartilhado para que, de alguma forma, ela continuasse reverberando entre nós e no campo da pesquisa, como uma possibilidade de se fazer viva; como uma prestação de contas a toda colaboração, toda companhia que ela teve durante todo esse tempo.

 

Assim, o que é publicado aqui é uma homenagem da revista Repertório a essa artista-ativista que tanto nos ensinou. O texto foi organizado por Marcelo Sousa Brito, seu amigo pessoal, a partir de um arquivo deixado por ela. Resolvemos publicar assim, como se fosse uma mini dissertação, incluindo os agradecimentos e valorizando questões e conceitos levantados por Chastinet como corpo cênico e transprogramação, a partir de uma prática criativa – a performance “Maminha” – e de suas inquietações sobre temas ligados a gênero e sexualidade como códigos geradores de gestos obscenos, antes, durante e depois da cena.

 

A revista Repertório rende, com a publicação desse texto, uma homenagem a essa artista-ativista, que lutou até o último segundo para se manter viva nos campos da arte e do ativismo e que, para nós, estará sempre abrindo caminhos!
Micropolíticas do sensível, corporeidade e clínica
Authors: Resende Catarina , Câmara Júlia , Loyola Luiza , Guimarães Victória
Published: September 2019

Situando a clínica como plano de interface entre psicoterapia, filosofia, dança e práticas somáticas, este trabalho pesquisa a criação de micropolíticas do sensível, como um possível desvio às forças de captura dos fluxos dos corpos no capitalismo. Objetiva-se compreender de que maneira os encontros na clínica mobilizam realidades invisíveis e indizíveis, e como podem estar engajados na produção micro sensível de novas sensibilidades e novos desejos. Este trabalho busca cartografar os movimentos que possibilitam a ampliação do cuidado, através da experiência somática do terapeuta, e suas implicações na relação entre corpos. Para tanto, serão trazidos relatos e fotos de um grupo de alunos de Psicologia, produzidos a partir de uma experiência com uma oficina de Body-Mind Centering®. Esta prática foi orientada por uma educadora somática certificada, convidada a contribuir com o processo formativo dos alunos em uma abordagem transdisciplinar da clínica. Interessa pôr em relevo, em articulação com as experiências circunscritas, as relações sutis e cambiantes entre corporeidade e subjetividade, evidenciando o corpo em seu aspecto sensível como território de novos possíveis. Pretende-se com isto, pensar uma corporeidade dançante para a clínica, no intuito de fazer frente aos regimes instituídos e massificados de sensibilidades, tomando-a enquanto prática experiencial de devires mútuos, entre terapeuta e paciente, e de criação de novos modos de existências.
Targeted SLC19A3 gene sequencing of 3000 Saudi newborn: a pilot study toward newborn screening
Authors: Alfadhel Majid , Umair Muhammad , Almuzzaini Bader , Alsaif Saif , AlMohaimeed Sulaiman A. , Almashary Maher A. , Alharbi Wardah , Alayyar Latifah , Alasiri Abdulrahman , Ballow Mariam , AlAbdulrahman Abdulkareem , Alaujan Monira , Nashabat Marwan , Al‐Odaib Ali , Altwaijri Waleed , Al‐Rumayyan Ahmed , Alrifai Muhammad T. , Alfares Ahmed , AlBalwi Mohammed , Tabarki Brahim
Published: September 2019

Background

Biotin–thiamine‐responsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD) is an autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder mostly presented in children. The disorder is described as having subacute encephalopathy with confusion, dystonia, and dysarthria triggered by febrile illness that leads to neuroregression and death if untreated. Using biotin and thiamine at an early stage of the disease can lead to significant improvement.

Methods

BTBGD is a treatable disease if diagnosed at an early age and has been frequently reported in Saudi population. Keeping this in mind, the current study screened 3000 Saudi newborns for the SLC19A3 gene mutations using target sequencing, aiming to determine the carrier frequency in Saudi Population and whether BTBGD is a good candidate to be included in the newborn‐screened disorders.

Results

Using targeted gene sequencing, DNA from 3000 newborns Saudi was screened for the SLC19A3 gene mutations using standard methods. Screening of the SLC19A3 gene revealed a previously reported heterozygous missense mutation (c.1264A>G (p.Thr422Ala) in six unrelated newborns. No probands having homozygous pathogenic mutations were found in the studied cohort. The variant has been frequently reported previously in homozygous state in Saudi population, making it a hot spot mutation. The current study showed that the carrier frequency of SLC19A3 gene mutation is 1 of 500 in Saudi newborns.

Conclusion

For the first time in the literature, we determined the carrier frequency of SLC19A3 gene mutation in Saudi population. The estimated prevalence is too rare in Saudi population (at least one in million); therefore, the data are not in favor of including such very rare disorders in newborn screening program at population level. However, a larger cohort is needed for a more accurate estimate.
Lattice Dynamics, Phonon Chirality, and Spin–Phonon Coupling in 2D Itinerant Ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2
Authors: Du Luojun , Tang Jian , Zhao Yanchong , Li Xiaomei , Yang Rong , Hu Xuerong , Bai Xueyin , Wang Xiao , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Shi Dongxia , Yu Guoqiang , Bai Xuedong , Hasan Tawfique , Zhang Guangyu , Sun Zhipei
Published: September 2019

Fe3GeTe2 has emerged as one of the most fascinating van der Waals crystals due to its 2D itinerant ferromagnetism, topological nodal lines, and Kondo lattice behavior. However, lattice dynamics, chirality of phonons, and spin–phonon coupling in this material, which set the foundation for these exotic phenomena, have remained unexplored. Here, the first experimental investigation of the phonons and mutual interactions between spin and lattice degrees of freedom in few‐layer Fe3GeTe2 is reported. The results elucidate three prominent Raman modes at room temperature: two A1g(Γ) and one E2g(Γ) phonons. The doubly degenerate E2g(Γ) mode reverses the helicity of incident photons, indicating the pseudoangular momentum and chirality. Through analysis of temperature‐dependent phonon energies and lifetimes, which strongly diverge from the anharmonic model below Curie temperature, the spin–phonon coupling in Fe3GeTe2 is determined. Such interaction between lattice oscillations and spin significantly enhances the Raman susceptibility, allowing to observe two additional Raman modes at the cryogenic temperature range. In addition, laser radiation‐induced degradation of Fe3GeTe2 in ambient conditions and the corresponding Raman fingerprint is revealed. The results provide the first experimental analysis of phonons in this novel 2D itinerant ferromagnet and their applicability for further fundamental studies and application development.
Wafer‐Scale High‐Yield Manufacturing of Degradable Electronics for Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Xiang Li , Xia Fan , Zhang Heng , Liu Youdi , Liu Fang , Liang Xuelei , Hu Youfan
Published: September 2019

Degradable electronics that dissolve or disintegrate in the environment after completing target functions are highly desirable due to great capabilities to eliminate the disposal, retrieval, and recycling of electronic waste worldwide. Constructing electronic systems on water‐soluble substrates via transfer printing technology has emerged as a promising approach toward this goal. However, the current approach suffers from low yields and thus hinders the complexity and scale of the obtained system in practical applications. Here, a wafer‐scale manufacturing process is proposed for degradable systems with high yields. As a demonstration, chips based on carbon nanotube thin films are 100% successfully transferred to water‐soluble substrates with an average device yield of 96.6%. Great uniformity is also obtained in the transferred thin‐film transistors (TFTs) and integrated circuits with a minimum standard deviation of 55 and 60 mV in the threshold voltage of TFTs and switching threshold voltage of inverters, respectively. System‐level demonstration of real‐time environmental monitoring is implemented in a simulated ecosystem together with a degradation demonstration under artificial rain. With its combined great performance, processing robustness, and high yields, this technology provides new opportunities for batch manufacturing of degradable electronics and next‐generation ecofriendly sensing platforms for the coming Internet of Things era.
Digital Nonlinear Metasurface with Customizable Nonreciprocity
Authors: Luo Zhangjie , Chen Ming Zheng , Wang Zheng Xing , Zhou Lin , Li Yun Bo , Cheng Qiang , Ma Hui Feng , Cui Tie Jun
Published: September 2019

Recently, investigation of metasurface has been extended to nonreciprocity through breaking time‐reversal symmetry. Among a number of magnetless strategies, nonlinearity is an important nonreciprocal principle amenable to the metasurface. As passive analog‐based devices, most of the existing nonlinear nonreciprocal metasurfaces are inherently characterized by the relatively unchangeable performance, sharp frequency response, and hysteresis loops. Here, an analog–digital–analog mechanism is proposed to realize the nonlinear nonreciprocity, which provides a digitally reconfigurable solution for a family of nonreciprocal performance within a shared hardware architecture. This concept is validated by a metasurface prototype with the integration of a digital module at microwave frequencies. Based on the proposed mechanism, the properties can be customized as demanded, ranging from a normal reciprocal response to a variety of nonreciprocal functions, including electromagnetic (EM) diode and EM unidirectional limiting functions, which have been experimentally demonstrated with direction reversibility and threshold tunability. The proposed metasurface is also underpinned by the nonhysteretic performance and wide operating bandwidth, thereby potentially making it an inexpensive and stable candidate for advanced manipulations of EM waves.
Water‐Based Paintable LiCoO2Microelectrodes: A High‐Rate Li‐Ion Battery Free of Conductive and Binder Additives
Authors: Páez Martínez Carlos A. , Exantus Chellda , Dallel Dorra , Alié Christelle , Calberg Cédric , Liquet Dimitri , Eskenazi David , Deschamps Fabien , Job Nathalie , Heinrichs Benoît
Published: September 2019

A simple, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly water‐based colloidal spray‐painting process is developed to obtain mechanically stable microelectrodes of pure LiCoO2on stainless steel disks, which display reversible high‐rate discharge capacity and good cyclability. By using a simple nanostructuring process with commercially available LiCoO2, the use of dispersant, conductive, and binder additives during the electrode preparation is completely avoided. The nanostructuring approach is based on: i) planetary ball milling and annealing of LiCoO2microparticles and ii) LiCoO2surface modification through dissociative H2O adsorption during contact with air‐ and water‐based colloid preparation. The coating technique involves: i) water‐based colloid preparation, ii) spray‐coating, and iii) post‐treatment (drying and calcination) processes. The effects of particle size distribution, shape, crystallinity, specific surface area, and LiCoO2surface modification on the electrode architecture (roughness, thickness, packing density, and porosity) are studied, together with their impact on the final electrochemical performances of batteries assembled with such a LiCoO2electrode.
Stereolithographic 3D Printing for Deterministic Control over Integration in Dual‐Material Composites
Authors: Muralidharan Archish , Uzcategui Asais C. , McLeod Robert R. , Bryant Stephanie J.
Published: September 2019

A rapid and facile approach to predictably control integration between two materials with divergent properties is introduced. Programmed integration between photopolymerizable soft and stiff hydrogels is investigated due to their promise in applications such as tissue engineering where heterogeneous properties are often desired. The spatial control afforded by grayscale 3D printing is leveraged to define regions at the interface that permit diffusive transport of a second material in‐filled into the 3D printed part. The printing parameters (i.e., effective exposure dose) for the resin are correlated directly to mesh size to achieve controlled diffusion. Applying this information to grayscale exposures leads to a range of distances over which integration is achieved with high fidelity. A prescribed finite distance of integration between soft and stiff hydrogels leads to a 33% increase in strain to failure under tensile testing and eliminates failure at the interface. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated in a layer‐by‐layer 3D printed part fabricated by stereolithography, which is subsequently infilled with a soft hydrogel containing osteoblastic cells. In summary, this approach holds promise for applications where integration of multiple materials and living cells is needed by allowing precise control over integration and reducing mechanical failure at contrasting material interfaces.
Visible Light‐Initiated Catalyst‐Free One‐Pot, Multicomponent Construction of 5‐Substituted Indole Chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridines
Authors: Zhang Mo , Chen Meng‐Nan , Zhang Zhan‐Hui
Published: September 2019

A visible light‐initiated pseudo four‐component reaction of salicylaldehydes, indole and malononitrile in aqueous ethyl lactate is described. This pot, atomic and step economic (PASE) methodology provides a practical approach for the preparation of various 5‐substituted indole chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridines from readily available starting materials at ambient temperature without any catalyst. High yields and excellent functional groups tolerance are observed.

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Metal‐Free Visible‐Light Promoted Radical Cyclization to Access Perfluoroalkyl‐Substituted Benzimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones and Indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones
Authors: Zeng Fan‐Lin , Sun Kai , Chen Xiao‐Lan , Yuan Xiao‐Ya , He Shuai‐Qi , Liu Yan , Peng Yu‐Yu , Qu Ling‐Bo , Lv Qi‐Yan , Yu Bing
Published: September 2019

A metal‐free visible‐light‐induced cyclization procedure was developed for the rapid synthesis of perfluoroalkyl‐substituted benzimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones and perfluoroalkyl‐substituted indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones under mild reaction conditions. In this procedure, the formation of electron‐donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex is critical for the visible‐light promoted process to avoid the utilization of external photocatalysts.

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Evaluierung von London‐Dispersions‐ und Lösungsmittel‐Interaktionen an Alkyl‐Alkyl‐Grenzflächen mittels Azobenzolschaltern
Authors: Strauss Marcel A. , Wegner Hermann A.
Published: September 2019

Wechselwirkungen auf molekularem Niveau beeinflussen Geometrien von Verbindungen sowie deren Funktion. Insbesondere Grenzflächen zwischen Alkylgruppen wurden bisher kaum untersucht. In dieser Studie wurden London‐Dispersionskräfte in Verbindung mit Lösungsmittelinteraktionen zwischen linearen Alkylketten mit Hilfe eines auf Azobenzol basierten Systems experimentell untersucht. Alkylketten in all‐meta‐Position des Azobenzolgerüsts wurden systematisch verlängert und die Änderung der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der thermisch induzierten Z→E‐Isomerisierung in n‐Decan bestimmt. Es wurde eine zunehmende Stabilität mit steigender Kettenlänge beobachtet, mit einem Maximum bei n‐Butylsubstituenten. Noch längere Ketten führen zu einer schnelleren Isomerisierung. Die Interaktionen können durch attraktive London‐Dispersion erklärt werden. Diese Arbeit gibt einen seltenen Einblick in den stabilisierenden Beitrag sehr flexibler Alkylgruppen in Lösung.
Liquid Metastable Precursors of Ibuprofen as Aqueous Nucleation Intermediates
Authors: Wiedenbeck Eduard , Kovermann Michael , Gebauer Denis , Cölfen Helmut
Published: September 2019

The nucleation mechanism of crystals of small organic molecules, postulated based on computer simulations, still lacks experimental evidence. In this study we designed an experimental approach to monitor the early stages of the crystallization of ibuprofen as a model system for small organic molecules. Ibuprofen undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation prior to nucleation. The binodal and spinodal limits of the corresponding liquid–liquid miscibility gap were analyzed and confirmed. An increase in viscosity sustains the kinetic stability of the dense liquid intermediate. Since the distances between ibuprofen molecules within the dense liquid phase are similar to those in the crystal forms, this dense liquid phase is identified as a precursor phase in the nucleation of ibuprofen, in which densification is followed by generation of structural order. This discovery may make it possible to enrich poorly soluble pharmaceuticals beyond classical solubility limitations in aqueous environments.
Nurses' Perceptions of Personal Communication Devices in the Perioperative Environment
Authors: Hemingway Maureen , Osgood Patrice
Published: September 2019

Personal communication devices (PCDs) support reliable information sharing between clinical personnel to ease workflow processes. Perioperative leaders at a major medical center conducted a long‐term quality improvement project evaluating perioperative nurse perceptions regarding PCDs. Perioperative nurses completed two surveys and the investigators conducted an independent group t test (2‐tailed) to test for differences in RN perceptions of PCDs from initial use during a pilot study and after the nurses had used the technology for four years. The authors also used qualitative content analysis to assess the qualitative items on the survey. The RNs noted that the PCDs were particularly beneficial when contacting team members for assistance and that response times improved. Overhead pages decreased from 125 per six‐hour period to an average of less than one per six‐hour period. The perioperative nurses’ perceptions of the PCDs have improved four years after implementation.
Designing and Constructing a High‐Temperature Molecular Ferroelectric by Anion and Cation Replacement in a Simple Crown Ether Clathrate
Authors: Zhou Hai‐Tao , Wang Chang‐Feng , Liu Yao , Fan Xiao‐Wei , Yang Kang , Wei Wen‐Juan , Tang Yun‐Zhi , Tan Yu‐Hui
Published: September 2019

Molecular ferroelectrics have displayed a promising future since they are light‐weight, flexible, environmentally friendly and easily synthesized, compared to traditional inorganic ferroelectrics. However, how to precisely design a molecular ferroelectric from a non‐ferroelectric phase transition molecular system is still a great challenge. Here we designed and constructed a molecular ferroelectric by double regulation of the anion and cation in a simple crown ether clathrate, 4, [K(18‐crown‐6)]+[PF6]−. By replacing K+ and PF6− with H3O+ and [FeCl4]− respectively, we obtained a new molecular ferroelectric [H3O(18‐crown‐6)]+[FeCl4]−, 1. Compound 1 undergoes a para‐ferroelectric phase transition near 350 K with symmetry change from P21/n to the Pmc21 space group. X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction analysis suggests that the phase transition was mainly triggered by the displacement motion of H3O+ and [FeCl4]− ions and twist motion of 18‐crown‐6 molecule. Strikingly, compound 1 shows high a Curie temperature (350 K), ultra‐strong second harmonic generation signals (nearly 8 times of KDP), remarkable dielectric switching effect and large spontaneous polarization. We believe that this research will pave the way to design and build high‐quality molecular ferroelectrics as well as their application in smart materials.
Extruded Bioreactor Perfusion Culture Supports the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in 3D Porous Poly(ɛ‐Caprolactone) Scaffolds
Authors: Silva João C. , Moura Carla S. , Borrecho Gonçalo , de Matos António P. Alves , da Silva Cláudia L. , Cabral Joaquim M. S. , Bártolo Paulo J. , Linhardt Robert J. , Ferreira Frederico Castelo
Published: September 2019

Novel bioengineering strategies for the ex vivo fabrication of native‐like tissue‐engineered cartilage are crucial for the translation of these approaches to clinically manage highly prevalent and debilitating joint diseases. Bioreactors that provide different biophysical stimuli have been used in tissue engineering approaches aimed at enhancing the quality of the cartilage tissue generated. However, such systems are often highly complex, expensive, and not very versatile. In the current study, a novel, cost‐effective, and customizable perfusion bioreactor totally fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) is proposed for the study of the effect of fluid flow on the chondrogenic differentiation of human bone‐marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hBMSCs) in 3D porous poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds. hBMSCs are first seeded and grown on PCL scaffolds and hBMSC–PCL constructs are then transferred to 3D‐extruded bioreactors for continuous perfusion culture under chondrogenic inductive conditions. Perfused constructs show similar cell metabolic activity and significantly higher sulfated glycosaminoglycan production (≈1.8‐fold) in comparison to their non‐perfused counterparts. Importantly, perfusion bioreactor culture significantly promoted the expression of chondrogenic marker genes while downregulating hypertrophy. This work highlights the potential of customizable AM platforms for the development of novel personalized repair strategies and more reliable in vitro models with a wide range of applications.
The relative contributions of visual and semantic information in the neural representation of object categories
Authors: Victoria Lindsay W. , Pyles John A. , Tarr Michael J.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

How do multiple sources of information interact to form mental representations of object categories? It is commonly held that object categories reflect the integration of perceptual features and semantic/knowledge‐based features. To explore the relative contributions of these two sources of information, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify regions involved in the representation object categories with shared visual and/or semantic features.

Methods

Participants (N = 20) viewed a series of objects that varied in their degree of visual and semantic overlap in the MRI scanner. We used a blocked adaptation design to identify sensitivity to visual and semantic features in a priori visual processing regions and in a distributed network of object processing regions with an exploratory whole‐brain analysis.

Results

Somewhat surprisingly, within higher‐order visual processing regions—specifically lateral occipital cortex (LOC)—we did not obtain any difference in neural adaptation for shared visual versus semantic category membership. More broadly, both visual and semantic information affected a distributed network of independently identified category‐selective regions. Adaptation was seen a whole‐brain network of processing regions in response to visual similarity and semantic similarity; specifically, the angular gyrus (AnG) adapted to visual similarity and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) adapted to both visual and semantic similarity.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that perceptual features help organize mental categories throughout the object processing hierarchy. Most notably, visual similarity also influenced adaptation in nonvisual brain regions (i.e., AnG and DMPFC). We conclude that category‐relevant visual features are maintained in higher‐order conceptual representations and visual information plays an important role in both the acquisition and neural representation of conceptual object categories.
Protective Effect of the Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine Qing‐Xuan Granule against Bleomycin‐Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Liu Bei , Lü Weichao , Ge Haitao , Tang Haitao , Li Renshi , Zhang Chaofeng
Published: September 2019

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease without effective clinical drug treatment. Qing‐Xuan Granule (QX) as a traditional Chinese patent medicine is clinically used to cure children's cough. This study was designed to investigate the effects of QX and possible molecular mechanisms for bleomycin‐induced PF. The work used Western blotting and Q‐PCR to explore the vitro and vivo mechanisms of QX treatment, while using HPLC‐TOF/MS to explore the composition of QX. QX was given daily orally for two weeks after bleomycin intratracheal instillation. The protective effects of QX on lung function, inflammation, growth factors, hydroxyproline content and deposition of extracellular matrix were investigated. QX decreased expression of Col I and α‐SMA in lung tissues by down‐regulating TGF‐β1‐Smad2/3 signaling and suppressed epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and effectively reversed abnormal mRNA levels of MMP‐1and TIMP‐1 as well as LOXL‐2 in lung tissues. HPLC‐TOF/MS indicate that six substances could be the main active components, which were reported to protect against experimental lung disease.
Effect of the Wet Outlet Geometry on the Shockwave Position in Supersonic Separators
Authors: Majidi Davood , Farhadi Fatola
Published: September 2019

Supersonic separators (3Ss) are applied in gas separation processes. Two‐dimensional simulation is employed to investigate the effect of operational and thermophysical parameters on the shockwave position. In addition, the impact of the cyclonic part and wet outlet geometry is evaluated by proposing four cases. Increasing the length of the cyclonic part exerts positive and negative influences on the performance of the 3S and the pressure recovery coefficient, respectively. The optimum length is determined between 10 and 15 cm. To demonstrate negative effects of wasted air from the wet outlet, its flow has been increased from 3.6 to 8.1 % of the inlet flow. Improved performance of the 3S is obtained by reducing the flow disturbances around the wet outlet and moving the shockwave towards the outlet.
Dynamic Interconversion between Solomon Link and Trapezoidal Metallacycle Ensembles Accompanying Conformational Change of the Linker
Authors: Feng Hui‐Jun , Gao Wen‐Xi , Lin Yue‐Jian , Jin Guo‐Xin
Published: September 2019

A novel template‐free Cp*Rh‐based molecular Solomon link has been established through selection of the flexible ligand L as a linker and the half‐sandwich rhodium(III) dinuclear fragment B1 as a rigid capping unit. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the self‐assembly of the Solomon link based on the flexible ligand is both solvent‐ and concentration‐dependent: the Solomon link is formed in concentrated methanolic solutions, whereas formation of a dinuclear trapezoidal rectangle is favored at low concentrations or in acetonitrile or DMF solutions. Remarkably, alteration of the solvent or concentration can promote a unique and dynamic interconversion between the two molecular species, accompanying conformational change of the ligand. The synthetic outcomes are supported by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.