bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nudging to Change: Using Behavioral Economics Theory to Move People and Their Health Care Partners Toward Effective Type 2 Diabetes Prevention
Authors: Soler Robin E. , Proia Krista , Jackson Matthew C. , Lanza Andrew , Klein Cynthia , Leifer Jessica , Darling Matthew
Published: November 2018

IN BRIEF In 2017, 30 million Americans had diabetes, and 84 million had prediabetes. In this article, the authors focus on the journey people at risk for type 2 diabetes take when they become fully engaged in an evidence-based type 2 diabetes prevention program. They highlight potential drop-off points along the journey, using behavioral economics theory to provide possible reasons for most of the drop-off points, and propose solutions to move people toward making healthy decisions.
Effect of Low Dose Aspirin in Low Risk Pregnant Ladies with Abnormal Uterine Artery Doppler Results, and the Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jalal Ali Parzhin , Najmaddin Fattah Chro
Published: November 2018

This study aimed to identify the effect of low dose aspirin administration in low risk pregnant ladies who have abnormal uterine artery Doppler results. Patients and Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed on 50 pregnant ladies (?16 weeks of gestation) in Sulaymaniyah Maternity Teaching Hospital during January 2017 to January 2018. The participants were randomly enrolled into two groups; the participants in the first group were given 100 mg of aspirin tablet each but the other group was given nothing. Results: Preeclampsia was significantly (P-value of <0.001) less in the aspirin group as compared to the other group (16% and 40% respectively). The pulsatility index (PI) was not significantly different in both the groups (P-value = 0.69), but resistance index (RI) was significantly lower in the aspirin group (P-value of <0.001). Conclusion: Doppler study of the uterine artery at 16 weeks or higher in low risk pregnant women appears to be useful as a screening test and low dose of aspirin therapy at early stage of pregnancy will decrease the incidence of preeclampsia.
A Case-Control Study for Assessing Risk Factors for Congenital Anomalies among Children in Sulaimani City
Authors: Mustafa Kamal Niaz , Othman Nasih
Published: November 2018

Congenital anomalies comprise a wide range of abnormalities in body structure or function that are present at birth and are of prenatal origin. These are defined as structural changes that have significant medical, social or cosmetic consequences for the affected individual, and typically require medical intervention. According to our Knowledge, research is scarce on these conditions in Sulaimaniyah city. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate potential risk factors for congenital anomalies. A case-control study was carried out from March to August 2017 involving 400 children (200 cases and 200 controls) aged 0-5 years. Required data were obtained on the risk factors through face to face interviews with mothers of cases and controls. The data were using descriptive statistical methods, Chi-square and Logistic Regression using STATA 11, calculating odds ratios and condensing P value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. The mean age of the children was 1.9 years and age of their mothers at the time of pregnancy was 28 years. Congenital heart anomalies were the commonest type accounting for 27.5%. Significant risk factors for congenital anomalies were family history (OR=2.24, P= 0.007), maternal obesity (OR= 2.26, P= 0.001), mothers age over 30 (OR=2.78, P= 0.002) and mothers not using folic acid during pregnancy (OR=2.12, P= 0.0007). In general, in order to control and prevent the cases of CM, it is important to provide health education and policies to reduce environmental and maternal risk factors. Further, studies with larger sample size are needed to investigate incidence and risk factors of congenital anomalies.
Effect of Different Dietary Oils and Fat on Body Weight, Food Intake, Some Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in Female Albino Rats
Authors: Sadiq Abdullah Zerawan , Yaseen Rasoul Mohammed , Mohammed Shareef Mahmood Nazar
Published: November 2018

The present study investigates the influence of different dietary plant oils included sunflower oil (SO), olive oil (OO) corn oil (CO), and animal (AF) on different parameters in female albino rats. Twenty-two animals were divided equally and randomly into five groups, the treatment was performed by needle gavage. First group fed on basal diet and served as control. Second group fed on a basal diet with 0.3ml/rat animal fat orally. Third group fed on a basal diet with 0.3ml/rat sunflower oil orally. Fourth group fed on a basal diet with 0.3ml/rat olive oil orally. Fifth group fed on a basal diet with 0.3ml/rat corn oil orally. It continued for 28 days. Several parameters were measured during and after the study such as body weight, food intake, organ weight (kidney, liver and spleen) Haematological parameters (Hb, RBC, WBC, PLT, HCT and MCV), lipid profile (Total cholesterol, TG, HDL and LDL). Commonly plant oils and animal fat showed both benefits and harmful effects on the mentioned parameters; the corn oil and olive oil played important role through generating the healthy signs among other oils and animal fat. The present results concluded that both corn oil and olive oil may own positive effect than the other animal fat sunflower oil of people used in their daily diet.
Epidemiology of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Patients Attending at Hiwa Hospital in Sulaimani City, Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Ali Bushra , Abas Ahmed Hiwa
Published: November 2018

Objectives are to identify the frequency of non-melanoma skin cancer cases were registered at Hiwa hospital and to find out the association between cases and controls with their sociodemographic status and risk factors. A case control approach was used, by retrospective chart review of all non-melanoma skin cancer cases presented between 1st of January 2015 till 31st of December 2016 at Sulaimani Hiwa hospital from which 70 cases conducted   and 70 controls from Baxshen hospital. Data entered to Microsoft excel, analysed by SPSS V 21. Chi-square test was employed to assess the association between different variables, P value of 0.05 or less considered as statistical significant This study included 70 cases and 70 controls were age and gender matched,  most of the cases were in between age 56-70 years old, illiterate 39(55.7%),  jobless 26(37.1%), from urban area 45 (64.3%) , married 65 (92.9%). had sufficient income and barely sufficient. About (64%) of cases had squamous cell carcinoma and (36%) had basal cell carcinoma. Most of the cases had family history of skin cancer (11.4%), and 44 (62.9%) of cases had a history of more than 4 hours exposure to sun in a day and 36 (51.4%) of cases were with normal BMI. Most of the cases 32 (45.7%) with type (O) blood group, not smoking cigarette 51 (72.9%) and not drinking alcohol 69 (98.6%). This study showed a statistical significant association between non-melanoma skin cancer with level of education (P value =0.002), family history (P value = 0.02), time of exposure to sun light (P value of < 0.001) and BMI (p value = 0.001).  Skin cancer and cancer percentage were in increase pattern especially non-melanoma skin cancer, most of non-melanoma skin cancer cases were squamous cell carcinoma, with a significant association with level of education, income status, time of exposure to sun light, family history and BMI
The collective characteristics of scientific creativity: the cognitive and social aspects
Authors: Sergodeeva Elena Aleksandrovna ,   North Caucasus Federal University
Published: November 2018

The study discusses the collective aspects of scientific creativity in contemporary philosophy of science. It is associated not only with the institutional nature of science, which translates the problem of scientific creativity into the professional efforts of the scientific team, but also with the communicative and discursive characteristics of research activities that play the role of cognitive factors in the development of scientific knowledge. In this paradigm, the social studies of science develop; they focus on the synthesis of sociological, historical and cultural methods for analyzing science as an integral phenomenon in the unity of its social and cognitive properties. The anthropological and ethnographic studies of laboratory life proposed within its framework made significant changes to the understanding of the scientific community, demonstrated that it was wrong to identify the scientific community exclusively with the professional sphere, and offered to review the subject of science as an integrity being constantly reproduced in communicative acts. The concept of scientific community is operationalized through such indicators as communication, social practices, scientific discourse, and professional culture, which makes it possible to deconstruct the classical epistemological research methods for scientific knowledge.
The problem of defining the term ‘virtual reality’
Authors: Boltenkov Nikolay Vladimirovich ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University
Published: November 2018

The research seeks to comprehend the concept of virtual reality by analyzing the historical background to the term and reviewing the examples of virtual reality in the history of philosophy. Thus, the understanding of reality by M. Heim, W. Bricken, M. Krueger, J. Lanier, and S. Zizek is characterized. Besides, the paper analyzes the social consequences of the emergence and development of virtual reality. While evaluating modern understanding of reality and virtual reality, the author considers two scopes of research (ontological and anthropological) into the phenomenon of virtual reality. The paper highlights the basic properties of virtual reality and attempts to classify all the views of scientists in the above-mentioned areas. The study will be of interest to researchers in the field of social philosophy and philosophy of science and technology. This paper is a starting point for examining the contemporary issues of virtual reality.
The development of noble land tenure in Stavropol province and Terek region based on publications of the Noble Bank
Authors: Chikaeva Karina Surenovna ,   Kuban State Agrarian University
Published: November 2018

The study described the development of noble land tenure in Stavropol province and Terek region based on the analysis of ‘Estates Accepted as Collateral’ published by the Noble Bank. In the post-reform period, the area of noble estates steadily decreased due to the increased demand for officer lands resulting from peasant colonization, labor shortages, and a landlord’s challenge of adapting to the rapidly developing capitalist economy. Nobles of Stavropol province and Terek region pledged fewer estates to the Noble Bank in comparison with the noblemen of Don and other regions of Russia. The author identified that the mortgage of estates did not mean economic failure of the noble households. The nobles took out loans to upgrade and modernize their estates. The author concluded that in Stavropol province, the share of land ownership in the land fund was considerably lower than in other regions of the country. In Terek region, noble land tenure developed more steadily: the nobles not only sold their estates but also expanded their production, bought land and successfully rebuilt their farms in a capitalist way.
The historical experience of population censuses in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the late 19th – early 20th centuries
Authors: Kurchatova Tamara Timofeyevna ,   North-Eastern Federal University
Published: November 2018

Since 1897, the population of the Yakut region has been subjected to the general census. For twenty years, Yakutia took part in three censuses: the Russian Imperial Census of 1897, the All-Russian Agricultural Census of 1917, and the First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union of 1926. During that time, the Statistics Committee that initiated the censuses and the government of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet Yakutia had a wealth of experience in managing and conducting such an event. The historical facts demonstrated the strong interest of the government in the successful arrangement of censuses. Besides, the attitude of the population towards a census changed a lot. If during the first census people distrusted these activities, later they realized their involvement in everybody’s concern, its necessity and importance.
The fight against banditry in the Russian Far East in the 1920s: a historiographical review
Authors: Milezhik Aleksey Viktorovich ,   Vladivostok branch, Far Eastern Institute of Law of  the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Korovnikov Pavel Vladimirovich ,   Vladivostok branch, Far Eastern Institute of Law of  the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: November 2018

The paper analyzes the research into combating banditry in the Russian Far East in the 1920s, summarizes the scope of the study on this issue in Russian and international historiography, and generalizes the works of Far Eastern researchers. The authors conclude that several aspects of countering banditry and revolts in the 1920s are reflected in a number of publications. However, the fight of law enforcement agencies with political and criminal banditry having posed a serious threat to the population and impeded the economic recovery of the region has not been treated in much detail. Scientific analysis, critical approach, and further research on the subject matter are required to understand the historical experience of combating banditry as a specific form of organized crime.
The impact of cognition of social reality on the development of social and philosophical knowledge
Authors: Terentyev Igor Aleksandrovich ,   North Caucasus branch of  Russian State University of Justice
Published: November 2018

The research discusses the phenomenon of social reality, the aspects of its knowledge and reveals the specific nature of the social and philosophical approach to analyzing this cognitive object. Social reality is considered both as a kind of reality and as a philosophical category reflecting the essential features of this kind of reality. Social reality can be primarily characterized by its integrative role, a combining component for all its constituent elements of society. The diversity of these elements determines a wide range of explanatory models of social reality. The paper describes four explanatory models: naturalistic, realistic, activity-based, and phenomenological ones. Besides, the research focuses on the scope and limits of the knowledge of social reality as well as the problems to be addressed while studying this phenomenon.
Chinese traditional culture as the spiritual and ideological foundation of Chinese corporate culture
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Tamara Andreevna Tamara Andreevna , Wang Yifei ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: November 2018

In Chinese concept of corporate culture, the spiritual culture as a derivative of the ethnic culture plays a central role in the whole system of corporate culture. The spiritual culture is based on the traditional culture with its three teachings: Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Confucianism has been successfully applied to the economy in the long history of Chinese traditional culture. The values and moral principles of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism reflect the way of thinking and life principles of Chinese Confucian merchants; they have formed a unique cultural model. The study focuses on the main principles of traditional Confucian merchant culture: principles of profit, kindness and love, honesty, harmony, ‘Entrepreneurial spirit of the entrepreneur (merchant)’, a Confucian principle of loyalty and patriotism, moral standards of Taoism, a Buddhist principle ‘Do not do bad things, commit all good deeds’. Therefore, the cultural model of Chinese corporate culture can be understood by recognizing the Chinese culture as an important factor and component of the corporate culture.
The problem of defining the child’s play in the context of contemporary culture
Authors:   Khabarovsk State Institute of Culture, Sheremetyeva Marina Anatolyevna
Published: November 2018

The paper deals with a child’s play as a phenomenon of modern culture. An attempt is made to identify the characteristics of the game. The game is regarded as an exceptional attribute of human existence. Such main game features as creativity and normativity are highlighted. The term ‘proposed circumstances’ is introduced to refer to the game conditions, which, along with the game rules, are a factor generating the game. It is proposed to distinguish two main classes of games: games with the rules (normative) and games with the proposed circumstances (creative). The activity nature of the game is postulated. The specific goal-setting is to be treated as one of the pivotal criteria of play activity. The author concludes that the game is the purposeful and reasonable activity; the goals of the game can differ in content, personal aspirations of players and other factors.
A philosophical reflection of the procedure for implementing the social and environmental management standards
Authors:   Saransk Cooperative Institute,  branch of Russian University of Cooperation, Ayzyatov Fyarit Akhmetovich , Pechatkin Aleksandr Sergeevich ,   Saransk Cooperative Institute,  branch of Russian University of Cooperation
Published: November 2018

The effectiveness of social and environmental management directly relates to the opportunities for implementing the environmental and moral imperatives in the context of the intensified social and natural crisis. The process of social and environmental management involves the simulation of the future system of relations, the development of techniques, resource and information support, risk assessment, structuring the procedural stages, a review of factors affecting the object transformation. There is a systemic relationship between all these properties. The proper consideration of their interactions is the key to the successful activities in the social and environmental context. Predicting changes in both real and conceptual systems (the latter is based on the real system and simulates its possible state) is a necessary component of the management process. The challenge-response scheme acquires another connotation associated with the ambiguous response to challenge as opposed to further aggravation of the situation resulting in the fact that the analysis of theoretical schemes and their implementation techniques are treated differently in specific situations.
Authentic leadership and follower job satisfaction: The moderating effect of leader emotional expressivity
Authors: BAKER Nevra
Published: November 2018

This research
attempts to explain the moderating effect of leader emotional expressivity on
the relationship between authentic leadership and follower job satisfaction.
Accordingly, quantitative data, collected via survey administration to
front-line employees of service-rendering companies from Istanbul was used to
test the hypotheses. The findings of this study revealed that the strength of
leader emotional expressivity weakened the positive contributions of authentic
leadership to follower job satisfaction for leaders who demonstrate a high
level of authentic leadership. On the other hand, higher leader emotional
expressivity compensates for the low levels of authentic leadership in terms of
increasing follower job satisfaction.
Safari lodges and local economic linkages in South Africa
Authors: Rogerson Christian M , Hunt Holly , Rogerson Jayne M
Published: November 2018

The potential contribution of tourism to the well-being of rural communities is impacted by the development of local economic linkages. For development practitioners and policy makers the importance of evolving linkages between tourism and agriculture demands attention. This article provides an examination of the state of linkages in South Africa's luxury safari lodge tourism sector. The results reveal the existence of only limited linkages between safari lodge accommodation providers and local agriculture. Current supply chains are mainly organised by intermediary supplier enterprises which source required food mainly from urban markets with only minimal local impacts. Linkages represent a vital potential mechanism through which to achieve the objectives of pro-poor tourism and a first step to maximise pro-poor impacts and avert polarization is to understand why such linkages rarely materialize and to identify the necessary conditions necessary for them to do so. South African policy frameworks for strengthening linkages must be informed by local evidence and draw from international experience.
Equality of Access to Sanitation in South Africa
Authors: Ndinda Catherine , Uzodike Ufo Okeke , Winaar Lolita
Published: November 2018

Equality, fairness and justice are values embedded in almost all the policies developed since 1994 and this is understandable given the inequalities that were institutionalized and entrenched by the apartheid regime. The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) explicitly advanced a social development agenda by setting targets for the provision of water, sanitation and electricity. The specific sectoral policies on water, sanitation and energy went further to contextualize the principles and values that inform the provision of these services in post-apartheid South Africa. So far a lot has been achieved in ensuring equality of access to these services but inequalities persist in terms of regions, race and income. Using SASAS data (2005-2009) this paper examines equality of access to sanitation across 'race' and region. This paper argues that there there is a disjuncture between the free basic sanitation policy and implementation. The contribution of this paper lies in its analysis of access issues in from the dimensions of geography and 'race'. The paper recommends that greater targeting and more innovative strategies are required to ensure that the most vulnerable groups have access to sanitation as it plays an important role in enhancing their quality of life and impact on their contribution on local economic development.
Estresse em mães de crianças com asma: relato de pesquisa de um programa de redução do estresse
Authors: Amaral Sandra Cairo de Oliveira , Sant'Anna Clemax Couto
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: Relatar o impacto de um programa para redução do estresse em mães de crianças com asma atendidas em um ambulatório público de pneumologia do Rio de Janeiro. Metodologia: Estudo prospectivo quase-experimental e longitudinal com abordagem quantitativa, incluindo quatro mães de crianças com asma. O programa teve duração de quatro sessões semanais de 1 hora e 30 minutos cada. Foi utilizado o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) para avaliação das fases do estresse em três momentos: pré-teste, pós-teste e 8 meses após a finalização do programa. Resultados: Foi observado decréscimo nos níveis de estresse das participantes durante o estudo. Conclusão: A participação das mães no programa pode influenciar positivamente nos níveis de estresse e os resultados observados reforçaram a importância da implementação de programas de intervenção para controle e redução de estresse para essa população.
Alimentos funcionais: conhecimento e consumo por usuários de restaurante self-service em capital do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Costa Maria Francisca do Nascimento , Araújo Beatriz Cordeiro de , Primo Maísa Guimarães Silva , Nogueira Thaís Rodrigues , Rodrigues Gilmara Péres
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento e consumo de alimentos funcionais por usuários de restaurante self-service da capital piauiense. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo, conduzido com 161 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, idade de 20 a 59 anos. Os usuários foram investigados quanto à definição de alimentos funcionais. A dieta habitual foi avaliada por aplicação de um questionário de frequência alimentar, adaptado para alimentos funcionais, com as categorias de consumo: habitual, não habitual, raramente consumido e nunca consumido. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por estatística descritiva com auxílio do software IBM SPSS Statistics. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: A amostra, com média de idade de 38,6 ± 9,0 anos, apresentou maioria masculina (57,8%), com ensino superior completo (73,3%). Desta, apenas 36,6% dos indivíduos definiram corretamente a terminologia “alimentos funcionais”, em contradição ao esperado para escolaridade elevada como determinante do conhecimento e qualidade alimentar. A dieta habitual caracterizou-se por baixa ingestão semanal de frutas, hortaliças, cereal integral, leguminosas, óleos insaturados, peixes, oleaginosas, chás e especiarias, sendo insuficiente, portanto, em compostos antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórios e anticarcinogênicos, entre os quais se destacam: resveratrol, licopeno, organossulforetos, catequinas, gingerol, curcumina e ômega 3. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a população de adultos ativos participante deste estudo possui conhecimento inadequado sobre alimentos funcionais, os quais não estão incluídos em sua alimentação habitual.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi KPSP Berbasis Android Bagi Anak Balita Sampai Pra Sekolah di Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Apriningrum Nelly , Carudin Carudin , Rahayu Maria Alia
Published: November 2018

Anak-anak merupakan generasi penerus bangsa yang harus mendapatkan perhatian lebih, terutama saat masa balita. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita memerlukan perhatian serius, gangguan tumbuh kembang pada balita dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam kendala berupa keterlambatan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Penyimpangan pertumbuhan disebabkan karena gizi buruk, sedangkan keterlambatan perkembangan penyebabnya sebagian besar karena kurangnya stimulasi yang berdampak pada kurangnya rangsangan otak sehingga berakibat pada kurang optimalnya perkembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang aplikasi berbasis android untuk melakukan deteksi perkembangan anak balita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi KPSP berbasis android ini mampu meningkatkan pemahaman user sehingga dapat melakukan skrining perkembangan dengan lebih akurat. Perolehan data pengujian didapatkan hasil secara keseluruhan 87 – 92 %. Hasil pengujian black box menunjukkan hasil “sesuai” pada setiap bentuk pengujian aplikasi, yang berarti bahwa semua fungsi pada aplikasi KPSP berbasis android ini telah bekerja dengan baik dan dapat digunakan serta tampilan aplikasi yang cukup menarik, mudah digunakan
Case Based Reasoning Diagnosis Gangguan Pencernaan pada Anak Menggunakan Metode Similarity Cosine Coefficient
Authors: Pratiwi Shara Shorea , Tursina Tursina , Pratiwi Helen Sasty
Published: November 2018

Gangguan pencernaan pada umumnya terjadi karena kebiasaan anak yang suka memakan makanan yang kurang bersih atau sembarang dan memasukkan benda asing kedalam mulutnya. Gangguan pencernaan pada anak kadang tampak ringan seperti tidak ada gangguan bahkan orang tua seringkali menganggapnya sebagai sesuatu yang normal. Orang tua yang mempunyai peran utama dalam memperhatikan kesehatan anak terkadang kurang mengetahui jenis gejala maupun gangguan pencernaan yang diderita oleh anaknya. Sehingga diperlukan sistem yang dapat menghasilkan pengetahuan dan pengalaman seperti seorang dokter atau tenaga medis dalam mendiagnosis gangguan pencernaan tersebut. Sistem dengan implementasi case based reasoning metode cosine coefficient ini tentu akan mempermudah membantu masyarakat dalam mendiagnosis awal terhadap gangguan pencernaan pada anak serta solusinya. Proses penalaran berbasis kasus melalui 4 tahap yaitu retrieve (penelusuran kasus) pada tahapan retrieve menggunakan metode cosine coefficient untuk mencari nilai kemiripan, reuse (menggunakan solusi yang sama ), revise (merevisi solusi yg diusulkan), dan retain (penyimpanan kasus). Hasil keluaran dari sistem ini adalah jenis gangguan pencernaan pada anak beserta solusinya. Pengujian sistem dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu pengujian tahapan case based reasoning dan kesesuaian hasil diagnosis pakar dan hasil diagnosis sistem. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang di lakukan sistem dapat bekerja dengan baik dan sistem dapat mendiagnosis gangguan pencernaan pada anak
Hydroflux Synthesis, Chemical and Thermal Instability, Crystal and Magnetic Structures of the Oxoferrate(III, IV) K2−xFe4O7
Authors: Albrecht Ralf , Hunger Jens , Block Theresa , Pöttgen Rainer , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Doert Thomas , Ruck Michael
Published: November 2018

The reaction of Fe(NO3)3∙9 H2O with KOH under hydroflux

conditions at about 200 °C produces red crystals of K2−xFe4O7 in a quantitative yield. In the crystal structure, edge-sharing [FeO6]

octahedra form [ ∞Fe2O6] honeycomb nets. Pillars consisting of pairs of vertex-sharing [FeO4] tetrahedra link the honeycomb layers and form columnar halls in which the potassium ions are located. The trigonal (P3 1m) and the hexagonal (P63/mcm) polytypes of K2−xFe4O7 show oriented intergrowth. The sub-stoichiometric potassium content (x ≈ 0.3) is compensated by iron(IV), as supported by 57Fe Mößbauer spectroscopy, besides the dominating iron(III). K2−xFe4O7 is an antiferromagnet above 2 K and its magnetic structure was determined by neutron powder diffraction. Under ambient conditions, K2CO3·H2O forms gradually on the surface of K2−xFe4O7 crystals. Upon annealing at air at about 500 °C, the potassium atoms in the columnar halls start to order into a superstructure. The thermal decomposition of K2−xFe4O7 proceeds via a topotactic transformation into K1+x’Fe11O17, adopting the rhombohedral β’’ or the hexagonal β-aluminate-type structure, before γ-Fe2O3 is formed above 950 °C, which then converts into thermodynamically stable α-Fe2O3.
Antropologia Politikoa: politikaren zientzia mota baten ondare teorikoa
Authors: Uharte Pozas Luis Miguel
Published: November 2018

Antropologia Politikoa XX. mendeko 40ko hamarkadan sortu zen Gizarte Antropologiaren azpi-diziplina gisa. 80 urte pasa ostean oihartzun nabarmena lortu du eta oso emankortzat jo dezakegu arlo teorikoan, baita ikerketa etnografikoen eremuan ere. Lan honek helburu nagusi bi ditu. Alde batetik, azpidiziplina honen deskribapen sakona egitea, haren ezaugarri nagusiak, gai esanguratsuenak eta ekarpen garrantzitsuenak azpimarratuz. Beste alde batetik, ikuspegi kronologiko batetik abiatuta, sortu zenez geroztik gaur egunera arte, haren korronte teoriko ezagunenak mahai gainean jartzea: aitzindariak, sortzaileak (estrukturalfuntzionalismoa), lehenengo kritikoak (ikuspegi prozesuala) eta korronte garaikideak. Bukatzeko, hainbat ondorio azpimarratzen dira etorkizunari begira.
Barne-komunikazioa kooperatibetan: entzunak sentitzen dira langileak? Kasu-azterketa MONDRAGONen
Authors: Belategi Unzueta Onintza , Egaña Osa Txema , Gago García Mónica
Published: November 2018

Barne-komunikazioa erabakigarria da arrakastadun erakundeetan; izan ere, eragiten du, besteak beste, langileen motibazioan, parte-hartzean eta produktibitatean. Halere, kontuan izan behar dugu barne-komunikazioaren praktika eraginkorrak eskatzen duela informatzeaz gain, entzutea. Hain zuzen ere, artikulu honen helburua da jakitea entzunak sentitzen ote diren kooperatibetako langileak. Era berean, eta ezberdintasunik dagoen jakite aldera, pertzepzio horiek guztiak ikertu dira kontuan izanik honako aldagai hauek: organoetako partaide izan ala ez, eskulan mota, lan-egoera eta egoitza. Horretarako, MONDRAGONeko kooperatiba bateko 224 langilek betetako galdetegiaz gain, zortzi elkarrizketa erdi egituratu egin dira. Jasotako datuek aditzera ematen dutenaren arabera, langileen pertzepzio orokorra da gutxi entzunak direla haien kezkak eta itxaropenak. Halere, entzuna sentitzeko pertzepzioan ematen dira ezberdintasun estatistiko esanguratsuak hainbat aldagaitan.
Tokiko kultura-ondarea lantzeko pedagogia- eta didaktikaeredu baten beharra
Authors: Ramirez de Okariz Telleria Iñigo
Published: November 2018

Pedagogia- eta didaktika-eredu berrien beharrean gaude; irakasleok horretaz jarduteko, ondarearen hezkuntzara garamatzan markoa ere diseinatu behar dugu. Hala, artikulu honek bi helburu ditu: ondarearen eta hezkuntzaren arteko balioetansakontzea, eta diseinurako gakoak (genealogia, irakaslea, ikaslea, testuingurua eta edukia) identifikatu eta ezaugarritzea. Izan ere, hezkuntza-sistema modernoaren krisiarekin topo egin dugu azken aro honetan. Pedagogia-paradigma berrien beharrean gaude, non familiaren, eskolaren, komunitate osoaren inplikazioa beharrezkoa den, baina aurrekoari uko egin gabe, transmisioa bertan behera laga gabe. Esan nahi da gure ingurune soziokulturaleko ikasketa esanguratsuak erraztu eta sustatzeko ardura dugula hezitzaileok; hots, konpromiso bat daukagula ikaslearen nahiz irakaslearen identitatearen parte den natura- eta kultura-ondarearekin.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF DAN METODE PROBLEM SOLVING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SDN 2 NGLANGITAN TUNJUNGAN BLORA SEMESTER 1 TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Ningtyas Widya
Published: November 2018

Penelitian dilatarbelakangi karena hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SDN 2 Nglangitan yang belum memenuhi KKM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari 2 (dua) siklus dan setiap siklusnya terdiri atas; perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV semester I SDN 2 Nglangitan berjumlah 20 siswa yang terdiri dari 10 siswa laki-laki dan 10 siswa perempuan. Teknik analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif, yaitu dengan melihat hasil belajar dan hasil refleksi dari reflektor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tahap pra siklus hasil belajar menunjukkan ketuntasan dalam proses pembelajaran ada 6 anak yang tuntas dari jumlah 20 siswa atau sekitar 30% dengan nilai rata-rata 71. Pada siklus I setelah ditetapkan model pembelajaran interaktif dan metode problem solving dari jumlah 20 siswa yang tuntas 12 siswa atau 60% dengan rata-rata nilai 76. Sedangkan target ketuntasan diharapkan 80-100%. Kemudian dilanjutkan pelaksanaan tindakan siklus II, dan hasilnya dari 20 siswa tuntas 20 siswa atau 100% dengan rata-rata hasil belajar 82. Oleh karena itu hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran interaktif dan metode problem solving dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas IV SDN 2 Nglangitan semester 1.
Género y capacidad de adaptación entorno al recurso agua en la Región Occidental
Authors: Scribano Rossana , González Karen , González Leticia , Jara Natalia
Published: November 2018

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una descripción de la vulnerabilidad de la Región Occidental del Paraguay, así como un análisis del rol que cumplen las mujeres y el potencial de adaptación que tienen para enfrentar los desafíos del cambio climático entorno al recurso agua. La revisión de literatura realizada permitió identificar que la principal causa de vulnerabilidad de la Región Occidental es el acceso al agua y como esta afecta a las condiciones de vida de los pobladores, se ha evidenciado el rol protagónico de la mujer como gestoras del recurso agua y el potencial de las mismas para construir capacidades que les permita adaptar sus medios de vida.
Antimicrobial prescribing in long-term care facilities: a nationwide point-prevalence study, Slovenia, 2016
Authors: Stepan Dora , Ušaj Lea , Petek Šter Marija , Smolinger Galun Marjetka , Smole Hermina , Beović Bojana
Published: November 2018

Residents in long-term care are at high risk of infections because of their old age and many related health problems that lead to frequent antibiotic prescribing. The aim of the study was to assess antibiotic use in Slovenian long-term care facilities (LTCFs). The point-prevalence study was conducted between April and June 2016. Online questionnaires were sent to all Slovenian LTCFs. Eighty (68.4%) of the 117 LTCFs contacted, caring for 13,032 residents (70.6% of all Slovenian LTCF residents), responded to the survey. On the day of the study, the mean antibiotic prevalence per LTCF was 2.4% (95% confidence interval: 1.94–2.66). Most (70.2%) of the residents taking antibiotics were female. Most residents were being treated for respiratory tract (42.7%) or urinary tract (33.3%) infections. Co-amoxiclav and fluoroquinolones were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics (41.0% and 22.3% respectively). Microbiological tests were performed for 5.2% of residents receiving antibiotics. Forty nine (19.8%) residents receiving antibiotics were colonised with multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). Antibiotic use in Slovenian LTCFs is not very high, but most prescribed antibiotics are broad-spectrum. Together with low use of microbiological testing and high prevalence of colonisation with MDR bacteria the situation is worrisome and warrants the introduction of antimicrobial stewardship interventions.
Antimicrobial prescribing and infections in long-term care facilities (LTCF): a multilevel analysis of the HALT 2016 study, Ireland, 2017
Authors: Tandan M , Burns K , Murphy H , Hennessy S , Cormican M , Vellinga A
Published: November 2018

Background

The 2016 point prevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial use (AMU) in Irish long-term care facilities (LTCF) (HALT) showed a 9.8% AMU and 4.4% HAI prevalence, based on aggregated data analysis.

Aim

Our aim was to identify institutional and resident risk factors of AMU and HAI.

Methods

HALT 2016 gathered information using institutional and resident questionnaires, for residents who met the surveillance definition of active HAI and/or AMU, limiting analysis to the aggregated institutional level. In January 2017, we requested additional data on age, sex, urinary catheter use and disorientation of current residents from HALT 2016 LTCF and matched to 2016 HALT data.

Results

Of 224 HALT 2016 LTCF, 80 provided additional information on 3,816 residents; prevalence of AMU was 10.6% and HAI was 4.7%. Presence of a coordinating physician (Odds ratio (OR): 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2–0.6), antimicrobial stewardship committee (OR: 0.2; 95%; CI: 0.1–0.6), healthcare assistants (OR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.9–1.0), antimicrobial consumption feedback (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–0.6) and medical care by personal general practitioner (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.7–1.0) were associated with less AMU and feedback on surveillance of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.3–1.0) with less HAI. AMU and HAI varied significantly between LTCF.

Conclusions

Multilevel modelling identified significant inter-facility variation, as well as institutional factors associated with AMU and HAI. An antimicrobial stewardship committee linked with feedback on IPC and prescribing was associated with reduced AMU and HAI.
Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, estimated incidence and composite antimicrobial resistance index in acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities: results from two European point prevalence surveys, 2016 to 2017
Authors: Suetens Carl , Latour Katrien , Kärki Tommi , Ricchizzi Enrico , Kinross Pete , Moro Maria Luisa , Jans Béatrice , Hopkins Susan , Hansen Sonja , Lyytikäinen Outi , Reilly Jacqui , Deptula Aleksander , Zingg Walter , Plachouras Diamantis , Monnet Dominique L ,   the Healthcare-Associated Infections Prevalence Study Group
Published: November 2018

Point prevalence surveys of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial use in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) from 2016 to 2017 included 310,755 patients from 1,209 acute care hospitals (ACH) in 28 countries and 117,138 residents from 2,221 long-term care facilities (LTCF) in 23 countries. After national validation, we estimated that 6.5% (cumulative 95% confidence interval (cCI): 5.4–7.8%) patients in ACH and 3.9% (95% cCI: 2.4–6.0%) residents in LTCF had at least one HAI (country-weighted prevalence). On any given day, 98,166 patients (95% cCI: 81,022–117,484) in ACH and 129,940 (95% cCI: 79,570–197,625) residents in LTCF had an HAI. HAI episodes per year were estimated at 8.9 million (95% cCI: 4.6–15.6 million), including 4.5 million (95% cCI: 2.6–7.6 million) in ACH and 4.4 million (95% cCI: 2.0–8.0 million) in LTCF; 3.8 million (95% cCI: 3.1–4.5 million) patients acquired an HAI each year in ACH. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected AMR markers was 31.6% in ACH and 28.0% in LTCF. Our study confirmed a high annual number of HAI in healthcare facilities in the EU/EEA and indicated that AMR in HAI in LTCF may have reached the same level as in ACH.
Prospective enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) surveillance from September 2015 to November 2018 indicates a current wave of activity in Wales
Authors: Cottrell Simon , Moore Catherine , Perry Malorie , Hilvers Ember , Williams Chris , Shankar Ananda Giri
Published: November 2018

Since 7 June 2018, an enterovirus D-68 (EV-D68) season (the third since 2015) is ongoing in Wales, with 114 confirmed cases thus far. Median age of the 220 cases since 2015 is 2.5 years (2.5 years in intensive care cases), 94% were hospitalised, 17% (n = 38) in intensive care. All had respiratory symptoms; bronchiolitis symptoms were reported in 60 cases, severe respiratory symptoms in 23 and acute flaccid myelitis in two cases.
Analisis Dampak Perubahan Perangkat Lunak Menggunakan Graf Relasi Fungsi-Atribut
Authors: Yusuf Ahmad , Wahyudi Noor , Yalina Nita
Published: November 2018

Analisis dampak perubahan perangkat lunak merupakan sebuah teknik untuk melakukan estimasi dampak adanya perubahan komponen pada artifak perangkat lunak. Salah satu perubahan komponen artifak yang mungkin terjadi adalah artifak kode sumber. Analisis dampak perubahan ini bertujuan supaya ketika terjadi perubahan kode sumber dapat diestimasi sejauh mana perubahan itu berpengaruh ketika perubahan itu benar-benar diterapkan pada perangkat lunak yang dibangun. Penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah metode baru untuk melakukan analisis dampak perubahan perangkat lunak dengan menggunakan graf relasi fungsi-atribut. Graf relasi fungsi-atribut terbentuk atas konsep matrik kohesi yang mengalami perluasan hingga pengaksesan atribut yang dipanggil oleh tiap fungsi sehingga dapat meningkatkan performa hasil analisis dampak perubahan perangkat lunak. Hasil pengujian terhadap aplikasi Java open source memperlihatkan bahwa metode ini mampu mendapatkan dampak perubahan yang lebih banyak dibandingkan metode graf panggil. Metode graf relasi mampu meningkatkan recall 2-3 persen dari dataset yang digunakan.
KAPASITAS ADAPTIF MANGROVE PADA PULAU KECIL MIKRO STUDI DI PULAU MAITARA KOTA TIDORE KEPULAUAN PROPINSI MALUKU UTARA
Authors: Subur Riyadi , Sarni Sarni
Published: November 2018

AbstrakÃÂ Mangrove adalah ekosistem pesisir transisi yang unik, tumbuh diantara lingkungan laut dan terestrial, penyebaran umumnya terbatas pada daerah tropis dan subtropis di seluruh dunia.Menyediakan berbagai layanan ekologi, ekonomi serta sosial.Efektif berfungsi sebagai pelindung lahan daratan pesisir pulau kecil.The purpose of this study is to determine the adaptive capacity of mangrove ecosystems on Maitara Island.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metodePengukuran Kapasitas Adaptif Ekosistem Mangrove.Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 4 spesies mangrove yaitu, Rhizophora apiculata,R. mucronata, R. stylosa danSoneratia alba, ÃÂ terdiri dari 2 genera,Rhizophora, dan Sonneratia.Nilai indeks dominasi sebesar 0,57, dominasi sedang oleh R. apiculata.Kerapatan pohon per hektar sebanyak 789 tegakan.Nilai kapasitas adaptif ekosistem mangrove di pulau Maitara sebesar 0,44, yang berarti bahwa kapastias adaptif mangrove pulau tersebutÃ¢â¬ÅsedangÃ¢â¬Â.ÃÂ Kata kunci: Kapasitas Adaptif, Mangrove, Pulau Kecil-Mikro.ÃÂ AbstractMangroves are unique transitional coastal ecosystems, growing between marine and terrestrial environments, the spread is generally limited to tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Providing a variety of ecological, economic and social services. Effectively serves as a protector coastal landof small island. The purpose of this study is to determine the adaptive capacity of mangrove ecosystems on Maitara Island. This research was conducted using the Mangrove Ecosystem Adaptive Capacity Measurement method. The results of this study found as many as 4 mangrove species, that isRhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa and Soneratia alba, consisting of 2 genera,Rhizophora, and Sonneratia. Dominance index value is 0.57, moderate dominance by R. apiculata. Tree density per hectare is 789 stands. The value of the adaptive capacity of the mangrove ecosystem on the island of Maitara is 0.44, which means that the island's mangrove adaptive capacity is "medium".ÃÂ Keywords: Adaptive Capacity, Mangrove, Micr-Small Island.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR KIMIA BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN METAKOGNISI
Authors: Ramdoniati Nishfiya , Muntari Muntari , Hadisaputra Saprizal
Published: November 2018

This study aims to development of chemical learning material based PBL to improve metacognition skills of students on the material of electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions. The type of research used is Research and Development (R & D) with the modification of 4D model into 3D which consists of define, design and develop. The results showed that the average score of the feasibility of learning materials of 3.18 with medium category, The average score of teacher response and the response of learners is 3.58 with the practical category. The effectiveness data of learning materilas based PBL was obtained from N-Gain metacognition skill score of 0.51 in the medium category, meaning that chemical learning materials based PBL is effective to improve metacognition skills on the topic of electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions. Keyword: Chemical learning material, problem based learning, metacognitive skills.
Profil Berpikir Kritis IPA Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri di Kota Ende Berdasarkan Prespektif Gender
Authors: Harso Aloisius , Gago Jumilah
Published: November 2018

The aims of this research is was to find out the profile of overall science critical thinking ability and based on the gender of viii grade students of SMPN at Ende city. This research was a descriptive research. The population of this research were all the VIII grade students of SMPN at Ende city academic year 2017/2018. As many as 804 students and the sample were 10% of the populations, they were 80 students. This research used random sampling technique. The data were obtained from the score of science critical thinking ability. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis. the result shows that the average of science critical thinking ability of students was 66,84 which is categorized as medium or critical enough. Meanwhile, based on the gender perspective, the female group obtained the average as 68,56 which is categorized as high or critical. Meanwhile, male obtained the 62,03 which is categorized as medium or critical enough.
Padre Lamberti e le Amazzoni
Authors: Ognibene Paolo
Published: November 2018

Arcangelo Lamberti, a missionary of the Theatines’ order, spent nearly two decades in Mingrelia, from 1635 to 1653. In 1654 his Report on the Colchis, Nowadays Called Mingrelia was printed in Naples. In the 28th chapter of his work, Lamberti reports about a battle in the Caucasus: many of the killed warriors were women. Is there any relationship between these fighting women and the Amazons mentioned in the Ancient Greek sources? This article reconstructs the story of the myth of the Amazons from Ancient Greece onwards.
Identità nazionale e relazioni internazionali in Azerbaigian
Authors: Pommier Daniel
Published: November 2018

The constructivist theory of International relations, which belongs to the wider field of the sociology or historical sociology of the international relations, correlates the features of national identity to the international projection of the State. National identity is the embodiment of a range of symbols, cultural processes, ideology and politics. This essay examines the Republic of Azerbaijan in his external projection trough the correlation of identity elements in public space. The analysis will try to deconstruct the category of crossroads that is frequently related to the identity of the Caucasian State.