bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aesthetics of Comfort: A Third Moment in Costa Rican Histories of Tropical Architecture
Authors: Solano-Meza Natalia
Published: September 2020

Histories of tropical architecture in Costa Rica could be constructed around three moments: the settlement of the United Fruit Company (UFCO) in 1889, the visit of Otto H. Koenigsberger, director of the Department of Development and Tropical Studies during the opening of the School of Architecture of the University of Costa Rica in 1970, and finally, the constitution of a set of formal principles and images guiding the work of many architects in Costa Rica and justified by the need to provide comfort—or sensory contentment—in the tropical climate: an aesthetics of comfort. Although it is often considered a technical term, in our work, comfort operates also as a historical and aesthetic concept. Our research suggests that the aesthetics of comfort has been disseminated through journals and exhibitions since the 1990s, while also absorbing experiences from the two previous moments. Consequently, it cannot be separated from histories of colonialism, extractivism, hygiene, and interventionism. It is present, although in different forms and with different purposes, in the work of architects such as Édgar Brenes, Víctor Cañas and Bruno Stagno. In the media, their prominent achievements are presented as the result of responsiveness to nature, building technology, site adaptation and the ability to offer contentment. From our analysis, we claim that the aesthetics of comfort functions as a validation mechanism, one that praises technical knowledge and formal adaptation but tends to ignore histories of colonialism and knowledge production.
Noblesse d’épée, noblesse de robe : espaces sociaux et frontières idéologiques
Authors: Haddad Elie
Published: September 2020

« Noblesse de robe » et « noblesse d’épée », deux expressions couramment reprises dans l’historiographie de la noblesse à l’époque moderne, ne sont pas de simples descriptions sociales : leur apparition – décalée chronologiquement – et le développement de leur emploi au xviie siècle sont le fruit des transformations du second ordre, elles-mêmes conséquences de la politique monarchique (développement de la vénalité des offices, volonté de contrôler la définition de la noblesse) et des luttes de pouvoir au sein des élites du royaume. Une histoire sociale de leurs usages, confrontée à l’analyse des parcours sociaux des familles du second ordre, permet de montrer combien ces expressions sont avant tout des assignations qui renvoient à des confrontations idéologiques, à des jugements de valeur sur ce que doit être la noblesse, à une volonté de séparer des espaces sociaux pourtant poreux. Elle met en évidence le passage de termes désignant des états à des catégories désignant des groupes fondés sur des opérations de classement. Autant de changements qui eurent de grandes conséquences tant sur le devenir des familles nobles que sur la conception de la noblesse elle-même.
La frontière entre « judaïsme » et « aryanisme ». Logique antisémite, contentieux juridique et pratiques bureaucratiques autour du classement des « demi-juifs » en France occupée (1940-1944)
Authors: Joly Laurent
Published: September 2020

Sous l’Occupation, le statut des juifs ne prévoit pas, contrairement à la législation nazie, un statut intermédiaire pour les individus ayant une ascendance « mixte » (nommés « demi-juifs » par l’administration). En France, pas de « métis » au premier ou au deuxième degré ; on est soit juif, soit non-juif. Or, les critères pour définir l’appartenance ou non à la « race juive » des « demi-juifs » varient selon les textes allemands et français, la jurisprudence des tribunaux et la pratique des fonctionnaires spécialisés. La frontière entre « juif » et « non-juif » est ténue, souvent arbitraire, conditionnée par l’appartenance religieuse, un divorce, un mariage... Être classé du « bon » ou du « mauvais » côté de la « barricade » (selon la formule de l’expert ethno-racial auprès de la Préfecture de police de Paris et du commissariat général aux Questions juives, George Montandon) est, bien souvent, un enjeu de vie ou de mort. L’administration (« service juif » de la PP et CGQJ pour l’essentiel) et les tribunaux ont eu à statuer sur des milliers de « cas douteux ». Plus de 11 000 « certificats de non-appartenance à la race juive » ont été délivrés par le CGQJ, au bout d’enquêtes minutieuses. L’objet de cette contribution est de réfléchir sur les catégories mobilisées par les agents de l’État pour trancher sur ces cas limites, et de comprendre les ressorts de cette quête obstinée afin de déterminer la frontière, juridique et politique, entre « juif » et « non-juif ».18 septembre 2020.
Des Parisiens écrivent à l’administration. Le jeu des frontières sociales et spatiales (1920-1945)
Authors: Backouche Isabelle
Published: September 2020

Isabelle Backouche rapproche deux terrains d’enquête sur lesquels elle travaille actuellement. D’une part, l’annexion de la zone non aedificandi, une bande de 250 mètres déclarée inconstructible en 1841 parce qu’elle longe la fortification, et largement urbanisée au moment de son incorporation au territoire parisien en 1919. D’autre part, le vaste transfert d’appartements des familles juives parisiennes pendant l’occupation, sous l’égide de la préfecture de la Seine. Dans les deux cas, les Parisiennes et Parisiens concernés – les zoniers expulsés, les familles qui tentent d’investir un appartement précédemment occupé par des Juifs – écrivent à l’administration pour plaider leur cause. C’est à partir de ces écrits ordinaires que l’usage des frontières spatiales et sociales mises en œuvre dans les argumentaires est analysé. Cette observation donne l’occasion de comprendre comment des normes sociales sont travaillées par les acteurs, et par là, de restituer leur participation aux dynamiques spatiales à plusieurs échelles qui affectent la capitale au 20e siècle.
Confessions et frontières dans le Saint-Empire moderne : le Brandebourg, Minden et le calendrier en 1668
Authors: Duhamelle Christophe
Published: September 2020

Entre 1583 et 1700, le Saint-Empire romain germanique connaît deux calendriers, décalés de dix jours. On considère généralement que l’un des calendriers, le grégorien, est catholique, et l’autre, l’ancien calendrier julien, est protestant. Il n’existe aucune raison théologique à cette répartition, qui n’est d’ailleurs pas absolue, comme le montre le cas étudié dans cet article : en 1668 le prince-électeur du Brandebourg (protestant) impose à ses sujets (majoritairement protestants) de la principauté de Minden en Westphalie le passage au calendrier grégorien (censément « catholique »). Les arguments des différents protagonistes de cette décision et les débats qu’elle engendre révèlent des synergies et des glissements entre le religieux et d’autres domaines (dont l’économique), gauchissant ces catégories souvent réifiées par l’historiographie. Par ailleurs, le débat montre que la frontière du Minden s’inscrit dans différentes échelles mobilisées, selon les besoins, par différents acteurs. Le cas permet donc de réinscrire dans un jeu social complexe (que l’on ne peut saisir que dans la diversité des sources) les limites spatiales et catégorielles qui semblent pourtant consubstantielles à la notion d’État territorial dans l’Empire
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Technological Innovation and Firm Wages: Firm-level Evidence from OECD Economies
Authors: Shi Liu , Li Shaomeng , Fu Xiaolan
Published: September 2020

This paper investigates the impact of technological innovation associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on firm wage levels using longitudinal firm-patent data for 27 OECD countries. The study finds that 4IR technological innovations raise firm wage levels, and this wage-boosting effect is stronger than that generated by non-4IR innovations. We also find evidence that the wage-boosting effect only appears amongst firms in high technology sectors and firms innovating in core technologies.JEL classification: O31, O33.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery versus open thoracotomy in the management of empyema
Authors: Jindal Rohit , Nar Amandeep Singh , Mishra Atul , Singh Ravinder Pal , Aggarwal Aayushi , Bansal Namita
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

With a rise in the incidence of thoracic empyema, surgical interventions also have evolved from the traditional open decortication to the current minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). In this study, we determine the feasibility of VATS and also put the superiority of VATS over open thoracotomy (OT) to test.

Subjects and Methods:

Prospective single-centre comparative analysis of clinical outcome in 60 patients undergoing either VATS or OT for thoracic empyema was done between 1st September, 2014, and 1st November, 2018. Furthermore, another group of patients, who were converted intraoperatively from VATS to OT, was studied descriptively.

Results:

Nearly 75% of the patients were male with a mean age of 45.16 years. Every second patient had associated tuberculosis (TB), attributed to the endemicity of TB in India. When compared with OT, VATS had a shorter duration of surgery (268.15 vs. 178.33 min), chest tube drainage (11.70 vs. 6.13 days), post-operative hospital stay (13.56 vs. 7.42 days) and time to return to work (26.96 vs. 12.57 days). Post-operative pain and analgesic requirement were also significantly reduced in the VATS group (P < 0.0001). Conversion rate observed was 14.2%, the most common reason being the presence of dense adhesions.

Conclusion:

We conclude that VATS, a minimally invasive procedure with its substantial advantages over thoracotomy and better functional outcome, should be preferred whenever feasible to do so. Also if needed, conversion of VATS to the conventional open procedure, rather than a failure, is a wise surgical judgement.
О разрешимости задач Римана в классах гранд-Харди
Authors: Ismailov Migdad I
Published: September 2020

В работе определяются классы гранд-Харди $H_{p)}^{+}$
и $ _{m}H_{p)}^{-}$, $p>1$, аналитических внутри и
вне единичного круга функций,
порожденные нормой пространства гранд-Лебега.
В этих пространствах рассматриваются задачи Римана
теории аналитических функций с кусочно-непрерывным коэффициентом.
Находится достаточное условие на коэффициент задачи
для разрешимости этих задач в классах гранд-Харди и
строится общее решение. Следует отметить,
что пространства гранд-Лебега являются несепарабельными
и поэтому некоторые классические факты (например,
часть теоремы Рисса) не имеют места в этих
и порожденных ими пространствах Харди. Поэтому следует выделить
подходящее подпространство,
ассоциированное дифференциальными уравнениями,
и изучать поставленные вопросы в этих подпространствах.
Библиография: 39 названий.
Распределение нулей целых функций экспоненциального типа
с ограничениями на рост вдоль прямой
Authors: Salimova Anna Evgenievna , Khabibullin Bulat Nurmievich
Published: September 2020

Пусть $g\ne 0$ - целая функция экспоненциального типа
на комплексной плоскости $\mathbb C$,
${\mathsf Z}=\{{\mathsf z}_k\}_{k=1,2,…$ - последовательность точек
в $\mathbb C$. Дается критерий существования целой функции $f\ne 0$
экспоненциального типа, обращающейся в нуль на ${\mathsf Z}$ и
удовлетворяющей ограничению
$$
\ln |f(iy)|\leqslant \ln |g(iy)|+o(|y|),\qquad
y\to \pm\infty.
$$
Наши результаты обобщают и развивают совместные результаты
П. Мальявена и Л. А. Рубела. Приводятся применения к мультипликаторам
для целых функций экспоненциального типа, к аналитическим функционалам и
их сверткам на комплексной плоскости, а также к вопросам полноты
экспоненциальных систем в пространствах локально аналитических функций
на компактах в терминах ширины этих компактов.
Библиография: 14 названий
Спектральный анализ операторных полиномов
и дифференциальных операторов второго порядка
Authors: Baskakov Anatoly Grigorievich , Didenko Dmitry Borisovich
Published: September 2020

Изучение спектральных свойств операторных полиномов сводится
к изучению соответствующих спектральных свойств операторов,
заданных операторной матрицей. Результаты применяются
к исследованию дифференциальных операторов второго порядка
с помощью сопоставления им
соответствующих дифференциальных операторов первого порядка и
использования их свойств, связанных с обратимостью.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Двусторонние оценки
$L^\infty$-нормы суммы ряда по синусам
с монотонными коэффициентами $\{b_k\}$ через $\ell^\infty$-норму
последовательности $\{kb_k\}$
Authors: Alferova Elena Dmitrievna , Popov Anton Yur'evich
Published: September 2020

Уточняется классический критерий ограниченности сумм рядов
по синусам с монотонными коэффициентами: сумма ряда ограничена
на $\mathbb R$ тогда и только тогда, когда ограниченной является
последовательность ${\{kb_k\}}$. Выведена двусторонняя оценка
чебышевской нормы суммы ряда через специальную норму
последовательности $\{kb_k\}$. Полученная оценка сверху является
неулучшаемой, а константа в оценке снизу отличается от точного
значения не более чем на $0.2$.
Библиография: 6 названий.
О популярных суммах и разностях для множеств
с малым мультипликативным удвоением
Authors: Olmezov Kostiantyn I , Semchankau Aliaksei Siarhevich , Shkredov Ilya Dmitrievich
Published: September 2020

В работе улучшается оценка на аддитивную энергию множеств $A$
с малым размером произведения $AA$. Доказательство использует
свойства множеств уровней сверток индикаторной функции $A$,
а именно, их почти инвариантность относительно умножения
на элементы $A$.
Библиография: 19 названий.
Ускоренный и неускореный стохастический градиентный спуск в модельной общности
Authors: Dvinskikh Darina Mikhailovna , Turin Aleksandr Igorevich , Gasnikov Alexander Vladimirovich , Omelchenko Sergey Sergeevich
Published: September 2020

В статье описывается новый способ получения оценок
скорости сходимости оптимальных методов решения задач
гладкой (сильно) выпуклой стохастической оптимизации.
Способ базируется на получение результатов стохастической
оптимизации на основе результатов о сходимости оптимальных
методов в условиях неточных градиентов с малыми шумами
неслучайной природы. В отличие от известных ранее результатов
в данной работе все оценки получаются в модельной общности.
Библиография: 13 названий.
Локализованное асимптотическое решение волнового
уравнения с переменной скоростью на простейшем декорированном графе
с начальными условиями на поверхности
Authors: Tsvetkova Anna Valerievna , Shafarevich Andrei Igorevich
Published: September 2020

В работе изучается волновое уравнение с переменной скоростью
на простейшем декорированном графе, т.е. топологическом
пространстве, полученном приклейкой луча к $\mathbb R^3$.
Рассматривается задача Коши с начальными условиями,
локализованными на евклидовом пространстве. С использованием
конструкции канонического оператора Маслова описан старший
член асимптотического решения рассматриваемой задачи при
стремлении к нулю параметра, характеризующего размер источника.
При этом предполагается, что точка на $\mathbb R^3$, к которой
приклеен луч, не является особой точкой волнового фронта.
Библиография: 12 названий.
Financial Stability of Islamic and Conventional Banks of the MENA Region: Post and Pre-Crisis of CAMELS Framework
Authors: Fadoua Joudar , Brahim Dinar
Published: September 2020

The present study provides new empirical evidence of bank stability measure for 12 Islamic and conventional banks in the MENA region, for a period from 2005 to 2014. The most known method of measuring bank stability is using CAMELS variables; it was adopted by multiple central banks. After calculating financial ratios for the CAMELS framework, we calculate the average for each variable for the two types of banks, for three periods: Pre-crisis 2005-2006, Subprime Crisis 2007-2008, and Post-Crisis 2009-2014, to examine the effect of the crisis on the soundness of Islamic and conventional banks.
MODELOS DE GESTIÓN DE LA CALIDAD PARA ORGANIZACIONES EDUCATIVAS
Authors: Sánchez-Muñiz Juan Carlos , Pinargote-Macías Eleticia Isabel
Published: September 2020

La calidad es una exigencia vigente a nivel mundial en el área de la educación, constituye un indicador fundamental puesto que las instituciones educativas están sujetas a proporcionar un servicio de excelencia, por tanto, necesitan establecer modelos de gestión que le permitan alcanzar dichos niveles. El objetivo del presente artículo es de analizar diferentes modelos de gestión de la calidad que se pueden implementar a la gerencia de organizaciones educativas para la mejora continua y satisfacción de sus partes interesadas. La metodología utilizada en este estudio corresponde al método descriptivo que permitió analizar cinco modelos de gestión de la calidad que orientan y direccionan a los establecimientos educativos sobre procesos de satisfacción y expectativas de los usuarios. Los resultados del presente estudio permitieron establecer que el modelo ISO 21001:2018 posee un enfoque que busca satisfacer al cliente y posibilita la obtención de niveles de eficacia y eficiencia en todas las dimensiones educativas. El análisis de los diferentes modelos de gestión de la calidad, dan pautas para modificar los paradigmas y entender la dinámica de interacción entre sus elementos; reflexionar en la necesidad de realizar una evaluación institucional a los procesos de forma heterogénea desde las prácticas recurrentes de apreciación, hasta las formas de gestión directiva a fin de alcanzar la satisfacción de los clientes internos y externos.

Palabras clave: Calidad, modelos de gestión, calidad educativa, instituciones educativas, satisfacción.
PROPUESTA DE MANEJO DE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS EN LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS MATEMÁTICAS, FÍSICAS Y QUÍMICAS. UTM.
Authors: Cedeño-Guillen Angelo Divaldo , Perero-Espinoza Galo Arturo
Published: September 2020

El principal productor de desechos sólidos (orgánicos e inorgánicos) es el hombre. En este contexto se hace necesario una visión de responsabilidad social e institucional en el tema del manejo de estos, porque la temática es de interés mundial (Vergara Villamizar & Castillo Payares, 2020). Las instituciones están llamadas a promover la concientización y manejo de dichos residuos. El trabajo de investigación fue realizado en la Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí y estableció como objetivo, elaborar una propuesta para la gestión del manejo de residuos sólidos basado en la norma ISO 14001:2015, con la finalidad de realizar una clasificación y recolección de datos del manejo de residuos sólidos orgánicos (residuos de comida) e inorgánicos (plásticos, papeles, vidrios, metales) que genera el área de estudio. La norma ISO utilizada presentó cuatro etapas siguiendo los lineamientos estándar: planificación, operación, evaluación y la actuación, esta es necesaria por su intención de propiciar la mejora continua en la calidad ambiental de su tratamiento y aumentar el desempeño del sistema de gestión ambiental dentro de la Facultad. Se utilizaron como instrumentos, técnicas de recolección de datos tales como: la observación de campo, encuestas y entrevistas que fueron realizadas a quienes forman parte de la facultad. Finalmente, se comprobó, que la problemática fue ocasionada por la falta de conciencia y poca cultura ecológica por parte de una fracción importante de estudiantes, docentes y personal administrativo. Al ser identificados los residuos que se generan y sus causas, se pudo concluir que la ejecución de la propuesta es de vital importancia para la facultad de matemáticas, puesto que esta se encuentra inmersa actualmente en una problemática ecológica, la cual afecta directamente al medio ambiente y a las labores diarias de dicha comunidad universitaria.

Palabras claves: residuos, orgánicos, inorgánicos, norma ISO 14001:2015, sistemas de gestión.
Un nuevo aprendizaje frente a la complejidad de la vida
Authors: Espinoza Recinos Linda Evelin
Published: September 2020

La complejidad es una forma nueva de ver el mundo.  Apareció en el transcurso del siglo XX y se ha instalado para desafiar a la especie humana, la cual en la actualidad se encuentra plagada por una explosión disciplinaria que no ha sido capaz de resolver los problemas más urgentes que enfrenta.  Ante esa realidad Edgar Morín propone siete saberes que son indispensables para preparar a las nuevas generaciones para adaptarse a un futuro incierto.  Luego se describe lo que significa la complejidad desde la perspectiva de complejólogos modernos, los principios que pueden ayudar a tener una forma de pensar adecuada ante el nuevo paradigma, la transdisciplinariedad como establecimiento de vínculos entre las diferentes disciplinas para lograr la unidad del conocimiento, la educación como un sistema complejo, la auto-organización creativa para encontrar la felicidad ayudando a los demás, la influencia sutil de la acción humana que influye y transforma, la interacciones en colectivos complejos y el saber humano del nuevo tipo.  Todo ello para comprender mejor esa nueva visión sobre el aprendizaje y la educación dejando atrás la concepción lineal del mundo por una visión compleja para poder enfrentar las enormes transformaciones del hoy y del mañana.
DISTRIBUTION OF PEDIATRIC CATARACTS BY SEX, AGE GROUPS, LATERALITY, TYPE AND PRESENTATION IN POPULATION OF D.I.KHAN DISTRICT, PAKISTAN
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Kamran , Ahamad Iftikhar , Khan Muhammad Ayub , Sharjeel Muhammad , Irfan Muhammad , Marwat Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Background: Pediatric cataracts cause significant visual disability worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of pediatric cataracts by sex, age groups, laterality, type and presentation in population of D.I.Khan District, Pakistan.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at Department of Ophthalmology, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from January 2015 to December 2015. Sample was collected from Eye unit, DHQ Teaching Hospital, D.I.Khan. Pediatric cataract patients under 14 years of age were included in the study. Demographic variables were sex and age groups. Research variables were laterality, type and presentation. All variables being nominal were analyzed through frequency and percentages.
The observed and expected distribution of pediatric cataract by sex, age groups, laterality, type and presentation were respectively tested by chi-square goodness of fit test.
Results: Out of a sample of 47 patients, 29 (61.7%) were boys and 18 (38.3%) girls, 22 (46.81%) were <5 years and 25 (53.19%) 5-14 years of age. Thirty three (70.21%) had unilateral and 14 (29.79%) bilateral cataracts. Type was congenital/ developmental in 27 (57.45%) patients and traumatic in 20 (42.55%). Presentation was by defective vision in 23 (48.94%), leukocoria 14 (29.79%), strabismus 7 (14.89%) and screening in 3 (6.38%) cases.
The observed distribution of pediatric cataract by sex (p=.0158), age groups (p=.00002), laterality (p=<.00001) and type (p=<.00001) was similar to expected, while for presentation, it was different than expected (p=.1033).
Conclusion: The prevalence of pediatric cataract was higher for boys than girls and higher for older children (5-14 years) than younger (<5 years) children. Unilateral were more common than bilateral cataracts and the congenital/ developmental were more common than traumatic cataracts. Defective vision was the most common presentation of pediatric cataracts.
FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN ADULT ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME POPULATION OF D.I.KHAN DIVISION, PAKISTAN
Authors: Marwat Muhammad , Ahmad Iftikhar , Ashiq Fariha , Ali Sania , Zamir Sher , Rehman Mehboob Ur , Farid Maryam , Rehman Bakhtawar , Zahoor Habiba , Aman Zeenat , Mehmood Sidra , Roshan Summaya , Burki Aroosa , Noor Irum , Mussadiq Shafaq , Naveed Sawera
Published: September 2020

Background: Global Health Estimates 2015 has shown IHD as second leading global cause of death and 3rd leading global cause for DALYs for 2015. The objectives of this study were to determine frequency, distribution and determinants of DM in adult acute coronary syndrome (ACS) population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Departments of Ophthalmology & Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, from February 1, 2017 to April 30, 2017. 331 cases were selected with margin of error 4.511%, 90%CL and 25% prevalence of DM in 73,438 adults assumed to have IHD. All indoor adult patients of ACS were eligible. Sex, age groups, and residence and presence of DM were variables. Frequency and distribution were analyzed by count and percentage. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit and of association by chi-square test of association. Results: Out of 331 patients with ACS, 225 (68.0%) were men and 106 (32.0%) women, 221 (66.8%) ≤60 years and 110 (33.2%) >60 years, and 210 (63.4%) urban and 121 (35.6%) rural. Frequency of DM was 79/331 (23.87%). Out of 79 patients with DM, men were 44 (13.29%), women 35 (10.57%), age group ≤60 years 57 (17.22%), >60 years 22 (6.65%), urban 53 (16.01%) and rural 60 (7.85%). Our prevalence of DM was lower than expected (p=.00214), our distribution by sex was similar to expected (p=.4993) while our distribution for age groups (p=.01209) and residence (p=.00005) were not similar to expected. Presence of DM was associated to sex (p=.011) but not to age groups (p=.0304) and residence (p=.5241). Conclusion: Prevalence of DM in adult ACS population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan was found lower than expected. The prevalence was more in men than women, more in younger age group (≤60 years) than older age group (>60 years) and more in urban than rural population. Our prevalence of DM was lower than expected, our distribution by sex was similar to expected while our distribution for age groups and residence were not similar to expected. The presence of DM was associated to sex but not to age groups and residence.
Ethics in Research & Publication
Authors: Roy Dr. Aamarpali , rana Dr. Laxmi
Published: September 2020

There was a time when research meant the process of finding the answers of questions. This was a pre-historic phase of human history. Man used to live in the jungles. He got food by hunting animals. The concept of family did not exist at that time. There were no medicines. Man was living an isolated life. There was no connection between men living in different parts of the world. In fact, there was very less connection between men living in close proximity to each other. It would not be wrong to say that the concepts of family, state and society did not exist at that time.
Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Keterampilan Proses Ilmiah untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Saidah Karimatus , Zubaidah Siti , Towaf Siti Malikhah
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian pengembangan ini untuk 1) mengembangkan instrumen penilaian keterampilan proses ilmiah untuk siswa kelas IV SD; 2) mengembangkan instrumen penilaian keterampilan proses ilmiah yang mengukur tujuan pembelajaran sesuai kompetensi yang dibelajarkan; 3) mengembangkan prototipe instrumen penilaian keterampilan proses ilmiah; 4) mengembangkan instrumen keterampilan proses ilmiah untuk diujicobakan kepada guru dan siswa kelas IV SD; dan 5) menghasilkan produk akhir instrumen penilaian keterampilan proses ilmiah untuk digunakan guru dan siswa. Model penelitian pengembangan menggunakan model ADDIE (analyse, design, development, implementation, evaluation). Model ini dipilih karena adaptif, sistematis dan sesuai dengan penelitian pengembangan ini. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil validasi ahli pembelajaran dan penilaian menunjukkan presentase sebesar 92,2%, hal ini berarti produk sangat valid,sangat tuntas dan dapat digunakan. Hasil validasi pengguna menunjukkan presentase sebesar 93,3 %, hal ini berarti produk dapat digunakan. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan produk dapat diterapkan dengan beberapa revisi pada penggunaan ejaan, kosa kata, penulisan, dan pedoman penilaian.Revisi produk dilakukan sesuai saran dari ahli evaluasi, ahli pembelajaran, pengguna, dan hasil uji coba.
Pendidikan Janin pada Masa Pre-natal (kehamilan) sampai dengan Post-natal (pasca persalinan) Ditinjau dari 6 Kategori Rumpun Pendidikan Islam dan Asas Hikmah
Authors: Octofrezi Permana
Published: September 2020

Untuk memperoleh generasi yang berkualitas dan bertaqwa, maka idealnya orangtua mempersiapkannya sejak dini yakni mendidik sejak anak di dalam kandungan ibunya. Artikel ini memaparkan tentang pendidikan islam masa pre-natal– post natal (masa kehamilan sampai dengan masa pasca persalinan). Secara detail, naskah ini mengungkapkan tabir beberapa hal yakni : Pertama, bagaimana definisi, bentuk dan hikmah pendidikan islam masa pre-natal ; Kedua, bagaimana definisi, bentuk dan hikmah pendidikan islam pada masa post-natal. Pada masa post-natal (dalam kandungan) pendidikan islam untuk janin dalam kandungan antara lain : mendo’akan janin, berkomunikasi dengan janin, sholat wajib, sholat sunat, bersodaqoh, mengikuti majelis taklim dan berkumpul dengan orang sholeh, berdo’a dan berdzikir menjelang persalinan, memberi makanan, minuman dan suplemen yang halal dan thoyyib, membaca dan memperdengarkan Al-Qur’an. Sedangkan  pendidikan pada masa post-natal (pasca persalinan) meliputi : mengadzani dan mengiqomati bayi baru lahir, memberi nama yang baik, mengenalkan kalimat tauhid, do’a setelah melahirkan, menyuapi bayi dengan kurma, ucapan selamat dan mengumumkan kelahiran bayi, mengenalkan kalimat-kalimat thoyyibah, membacakan do’a-do’a harian, mencukur rambut kepala anak, aqiqah, berkhitan, menyusui dan menyapih, melantunkan bacaan Al-Qur’an di depan sang bayi saat ia terjaga dan tertidur.
Dam Safety: Hazards Created by Human Failings and Actions
Authors: Adamo Nasrat , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Sissakian Varoujan , Laue Jan , Knutsson Sven
Published: September 2020

Dam Safety and dam incidents are treated here looked at from the “Human Factors”
perspective. An attempt is made to explore these factors as an important drive in
impairing dams’ safety and increases their risks. Distinction is drawn between the
“Normal Human Caused Incidents” and the “Extraordinary Human Caused
Incidents” together with the description of their root origins and subsequent
consequences. The first type includes unintentional mistakes, errors and flaws
committed by the operators of dams inadvertently, in addition to negligence, lack
of experience or overconfidence. Such failings can happen in manual operation of
dams, or through the use of their Supervision, Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA) systems as in industrial control system (ICS). They can occur also due to
flaws in software or even in the application of information and communication
technology (ICT) in remote control operations. As for the second group; the
extraordinary human factors, they are defined here as those committed by man with
the full understanding of their possible damage. They are done purposely for
destabilizing dams after thoughtful and carefully meditated decision making
process and they are manifested in acts of war, sabotage and terrorists actions. In
this modern age, these acts are characteristics of hackers’ attacks on dam(s)
operating systems. This is done through the use of cyberspace by the widespread
interconnected digital technology with the accompanying advances in the
communication technologies. As such, these technologies have made remote
control of such systems possible. Not limited to this, dams remain now, as they were always in the past, the obvious targets in wars and conflicts to inflict losses on the
enemy and to use them as weapons, and for terrorism actions for challenging
governments. Examples of the aforementioned threats are described with examples
given from real cases to elucidate the dangers involved. Lessons to be learned from
these incidents are derived and recommendations are presented to be followed to
avoid risky situations.
Dams Safety: Inspections, Safety Reviews, and Legislations
Authors: Adamo Nasrat , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Sissakian Varoujan , Laue Jan , Knutsson Sven
Published: September 2020

When a dam is built, its safety becomes a constant concern for the owner, the public
and for governments. Therefore, continuous observation through routine
inspections and safety reviews become necessary. Acting as protectors of public
safety, governments and professional organizations save no effort in the
promulgation of legislations and laying out guidelines for such inspections and
reviews. These issues are discussed here starting with the basic first step of visual
inspections by the operators and the follow up of detailed safety reviews by
specialists. Careful visual inspections assisted by instrumentation measurements
may reveal an early negative issue such as, but not limited to, increased seepage,
increased uplift pressure, signs of weakness like cracking in the body of the dam,
or dams’ slope sloughing, and even damaged hydraulic control equipment.
Documenting and reporting these observation helps in taking remedial measures in
good time and may lead to more intensive safety reviews. Suggested check lists for
the inspection engineers are given here, but these may be tailored for each dam
according to its needs. These lists cover issues common to both embankment and
concrete dams, and include other specific issues related to each type of them. Metal
equipment take their share by listing such areas as corrosion, fatigue and cracking,
tear, and wear and so on. Instrumentation measurements are also given their due
consideration by giving brief mention of types of measurements needed and points
to be observed in instrumentation control work. Finally, guidelines, rules, and legislations for Dam Safety Reviews are generally discussed giving examples from
four countries in the world.
Dam Safety: Monitoring of Tailings Dams and Safety Reviews
Authors: Adamo Nasrat , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Sissakian Varoujan , Laue Jan , Knutsson Sven
Published: September 2020

The awareness to tailings dam safety monitoring and reviews has increased by the
catastrophes resulting from failures of such dams worsened by increasing tailings
waste and construction of larger dams. The losses born by the mining industry from
high costs of compensations and environmental rehabilitation work have brought
this matter into focus. In the present article the need for safety monitoring programs
of tailings dam is highlighted and mode of failures and factors leading to them are
described. Basic principles of such programs are investigated with all phenomena
needing observation described and their impacts explained. As in conventional
dams this work is carried out by visual inspections and use of similar methods and
instruments. In similar manners in both types of dams’ observation and
measurements are done for measuring seepage water quantity and quality, phreatic
surface level and pore pressure and total earth pressure values in addition to
deformation measurements; and all are done by similar devices and methods such
as weirs, piezometers, inclinometers, settlement plates and geodetic surveying.
Basic differences between safety monitoring systems of the two types of dam,
however, are presented in a tabular form. The continuity of safety monitoring of
tailings dams is emphasized not only during the long construction phase but also
after that in the abandonment and closure phase which can last indefinitely in order
to watch for possible adverse effects on the environment and ecosystem due to the
winds eroding and carrying of poisonous tailings contents, in addition to contaminated seepage water entering surface water streams and ground water.
Justifications for using real time monitoring systems for recording and transmitting
all data to the control center are presented with emphasis given on savings in both
labor and time and need for the discovery of warning signs enabling raising earlier
the alarm of possible failure or incident and the early taking of preventive measures.
In this article it is argued that, in spite of the large investment of installing and
running cost of comprehensive dam safety monitoring systems in tailings dams,
such costs are justified as they form only a small percentage of the total investment
in the tailings facilities projects, and may save huge costs if failure does happen.
Such systems may be considered as an additional insurance against such events.
Geophysical Methods and their Applications in Dam Safety Monitoring
Authors: Adamo Nasrat , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Sissakian Varoujan , Laue Jan , Knutsson Sven
Published: September 2020

The use of geophysical methods in dam sites investigations and safety monitory has
proved their good value and versatility in many earthfill dam sites as early as the
1920s. In the following years great development has occurred in the methods,
application procedures and tools used. They may be considered today as good ways
for carrying out observation tasks on existing dams in non-intrusive and much faster
and cheaper ways than the traditional geotechnical methods. It is possible using
them to discover anomalies in the dam body or its foundation at an early stage and
allowing quick intervention repair works. These methods seek to register and
present variations in the basic geotechnical material properties in dams such as; bulk
density, moisture content, elasticity, mechanical properties of rocks, electrical
resistivity and mineralogy and magnetic properties and so forth. Such variations can
indicate increasing seepage flow, progression in cracks’ sizes, formation of voids,
caverns and other instability manifestations. Depending on how any investigation
is carried out and the targeted anomaly, there is now selection of these methods such
as: Electromagnetic Profiling (EM), Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), SelfPotential (SP), Ground Penetration Radar (GPR), variety of Seismic Methods (SM)
which can be applied using such equipment as in Seismic refraction, Seismic
Reflection, Multi Analysis of Rayleigh surface waves (MASW) instruments, or
using Refraction Micrometer (ReMi), macro-gravity method, and Cross-Hole
Seismic Tomography. In addition, Temperature Measurements and other less used
methods can be used like Microgravity measurement, Magnetic Profiling and Radio Magnetotelluric methods. An attempt is made here to cover the details of these
methods, their advantages and limitations and to prove their usefulness in many dam
sites all over the world. One observed issue is their adaptability to embankment
dams more than to concrete dams and their popularity for checking seepage related
problems and material changes within dam bodies and their foundations such as
formation of voids and sinkholes.
Looking Back on the First Anniversary
Authors: Sarin Yogesh Kumar
Published: September 2020

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Spectrum of Etiologies Causing Hydrometrocolpos
Authors: Celayir Ayşenur Cerrah , Kurt Gökmen , Şahin Ceyhan , Cici Inanç
Published: September 2020

Background: Hydrometrocolpos (HMC) develops as a result of vaginal outflow obstruction and the accumulation of secretions. It might be secondary to persistent cloaca, urogenital sinus, some syndromes, presence of the vaginal septum, vaginal atresia, and imperforate hymen. Each of them has different treatment options and follow-up protocols. This study was performed to identify the etiology and the related management of patients with HMC.Materials and Methods: A descriptive series of patients with HMC managed in our hospital between 2004 and 2011 is being presented. The medical record of these patients was analyzed for etiology, management, and outcome.Results: Eight patients with HMC were managed during 7 years at our department. Underlying etiologies included urogenital sinus (n=3), and 1 each of imperforate hymen, transverse vaginal septum, Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome, persistent cloaca, and a variant of the cloaca. Four patients were prenatally diagnosed. The patient with imperforate hymen was managed successfully with incision and drainage. Abdominal vaginostomy was done in three patients with urogenital sinus as initial procedure. In patient with persistent cloaca, a colostomy and abdominal vaginostomy were performed. Patient with cloaca variant died due to persistent acidosis and salt wasting.Conclusion: HMC may have different etiological factors which may dictate different surgical management. Etiology of HMC can be as simple as imperforate hymen to the most severe cloacal malformations.
Type IV Sacrococcygeal Teratoma Associated with Urogenital Sinus: Difficulties in the Prenatal Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Şahinoğlu Zeki , Celayir Ayşenur Cerrah , Asoglu Mehmet Reşit , Özcan Nahit
Published: September 2020

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is being more often detected due to availability of prenatal ultrasonography. Type IV SCT could be misdiagnosed as cloacal abnormalities due to the pelvic midline cystic mass associated with renal malformations and obstructive uropathy during the pregnancy. We discuss difficulties in the prenatal differential diagnosis of SCT and urogenital sinus in a 26-year-old pregnant woman, admitted to our prenatal diagnosis centre for a detailed US for a pre-sacral mass.
Abdominal Cocoon Secondary to Meconium Peritonitis in a Neonate: A Case Report
Authors: Ahmad Safwan , Kayastha Kanchan , Javed Sana , Wasti Arsalan
Published: September 2020

Abdominal cocoon is a complete or partial encasement of intestines and rarely viscera by a fibrocollagenous sac which is usually formed by a nonspecific chronic inflammatory reaction. We report a case of abdominal cocoon in a 2-day-old neonate presenting with intestinal obstruction.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL
Authors: Pala Sudirman , Rahman Hardianto , Kadir Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Pendidikan multikultural menawarkan satu alternatif melalui penerapan strategi dan konsep pendidikan yang berbasis pada pemanfaatan keragaman yang ada di masyarakat, khususnya yang ada pada siswa seperti keragaman etnis, budaya, bahasa, agama, status sosial, gender, kemampuan, umur, dll. Karena itulah yang terpenting dalam pendidikan multikultural adalah seorang guru atau dosen tidak hanya dituntut untuk menguasai dan mampu secara profesional mengajarkan mata pelajaran atau mata kuliah yang diajarkan. Lebih dari itu, seorang pendidik juga harus mampu menanamkan nilai-nilai inti dari pendidikan multikultural seperti demokrasi, humanisme, dan pluralisme atau menanamkan nilai-nilai keberagamaan yang inklusif pada siswa. Pada gilirannya, out-put yang dihasilkan dari sekolah/ universitas tidak hanya cakap sesuai dengan disiplin ilmu yang ditekuninya, tetapi juga mampu menerapkan nilai-nilai keberagamaan dalam memahami dan menghargai keberadaan para pemeluk agama dan kepercayaan lain. Konsep pendidikan Paulo Freire dalam ruang pembelajaran atau interaksi belajar mengajar adalah Paulo Freire sama sekali tidak menginginkan ada perbedaan atau pengklasifikasian status sosial yang akhirnya kemudian memunculkan kaum dominan dan yang didominan yang besar kemungkinan akan melahirkan sebuah  konflik. Jika dikotomi angtara mengajar dengan belajar sampai menyebabkan pihak mengajar tidak mau belajar dari peserta didik yang diajarnya, berarti sebuah ideology dominasi mulai tumbuh. Paulo Freire hadir membawa misi pendidikan kritis namun disisi lain, Paulo Freire tidak akan lupa akan pentinya sebuah perbedaan dan perbedaan itu harus saling menghargai, dan saling memahami. Akhirnya penulis perpendapat inilah salah satu bentuk konsep pendidikan multicultural menurut Paulo Freire.
Factors retarding the development of school libraries in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Udofot Columbus , Idachaba Joy Asibi
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted in secondary schools librariestoascertain the factors retardingthe development ofschool libraries in North Central Nigeriaand to proffer suggestedstrategies to overcome them.The researchersused tworesearch questions to guide the study which adopted the descriptivesurvey design method.A total of10 secondary schools were used as sample with8 respondents comprising the Principal, a Teacher Librarian and 6 other teachers were used as respondentsin each school. The main instrument for data collection was questionnaire while data collected were analyzed using the simple frequency and percentage table.The findings highlight lack of accommodation,inadequate funding in school libraries in Nigeria, as well as inadequate provision of library resources and services, amongst others, as factors retardingthedevelopment of school libraries.The study recommends some measuresthat would enhance the development of school librariesto includeproper awareness creation,recruitment of qualified staffas well as sufficient funding of the libraries.
Unhindered medical information access: Health information outreach, the platform for citizen health empowerment
Authors: Nongo Celina Jummai , Ezukwuoke Nelson E. , Adejoh Mathias
Published: September 2020

This paper focused on theoretical health information outreach which is a pivotal role of the medical librarian to citizenship health empowerment. Dissemination of medical information and access is the service required as the predictor of unhindered medicalinformation. Accessing the information as means of the outreach is where the problems lie. This article identified approaches to information outreach, its challenges in perspective and strategies to enhance health information outreach by medical librarians using the resources in the Libraries as a key to citizenry healthy nation.
University libraries and students of low socio-economic status in Nigeria
Authors: Aju David T. , Tyopev Comfort M. , Tofi Simon Ternenge
Published: September 2020

The paper examined the roles of university libraries for students of low socio-economic status in Nigeria.The authors are extremely concerned about the plight of this cluster of university students because we have travelled this road before.Concepts were identified and discusssed. University libraries from the discussion were seen as hub of academic activities of universities with a number of functions. The paper however believesthe plight of students from low socio-economic background was not properly covered by the operations of university libraries in Nigeria and as such they are disadvantaged. The authors feel this segment of students are important to be cared for because of their future survival, academic performance and achievement, they constitute the population of Nigeria and they may turnout to be leaders of tomorrow. Inview of this, the article suggested support from university libraries for the students, university libraries should engagestudents from low socio-economic statusin extra academic activities such as ICTdrill, writing competition organize seminarsessions etc.
Current trends in information retrieval systems: review of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy Boolean retrieval models
Authors: Chimah Jonathan N. , Ude Friday Ibiam
Published: September 2020

This paper reviews the concept and goal of Information Retrieval Systems (IRSs). It also explains the synonymous concepts in Information Retrieval (IR)which include such terms as: imprecision, vagueness, uncertainty, and inconsistency. Current trends in IRSs are discussed. Fuzzy Set Theory, Fuzzy Retrieval Modelsare reviewed. The paper also discusses extensions of Fuzzy Boolean Retrieval Models including Fuzzy techniques for documents’ indexingandFlexible query languages. Fuzzy associative mechanisms were identified to include:(1)fuzzy pseudothesauri and fuzzy ontologies which can be used to contextualize the search by expanding the set of index terms of documents;(2)an alternative use of fuzzy pseudothesarui and fuzzy ontologies is to expand the query with related terms by taking into account their varying importance of an additional termand (3)fuzzy clustering techniques, where each document can be placed within several clusters with a given strength of belonging to each cluster, can be used to expand the set of the documents retrieved in response to a query.The paper concludesby recommending that in an electronic library environment, the librarians and information scientists should acquaint themselves with these terms in order to be more equipped in helping library users retrieve online documents relevant to their information needs.