bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN KEPALA DESA DALAM UPAYA MENYEJAHTERAKAN MASYARAKAT DESA PULAU TIGA KECAMATAN MENUI KEPULAUAN KABUPATEN MOROWALI
Authors: Harsoyo Musniwati , Anggraini Dewi , Jabar Aryuni Salpiana
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Untuk mengetahui peran Kepala Desa dalam upaya mensejahterakan masyarakat di Desa Pulau Tiga Kecamatan Menui Kepualauan Kabupaten Morowali 2) Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan peran Kepala Desa dalam upaya mensejahterakan masyarakat di Desa Pulau Tiga Kecamatan Menui Kepulauan Kabupaten Morowali. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang didukung oleh data sekunder. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Pemerikasaan keabsahan datanya menggunakan teknik triangulasi  teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif.             Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat peran Kepala Desa dalam upaya mensejahterakan masyarakat di Desa Pulau Tiga Kecamatan Menui Kepulauan Kabupaten Morowali melalui penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dibidang administarasi kependudukan, melaksanakan pembangunan pada bidang perumahan dan bidang pendidikan, melaksanakan pembinaan kemasyarakatan pada bidang keagamaan, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat pada bidang pemberdayaan keluarga. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan peran kepala  desa yaitu terdapat faktor pendukung dang faktor penghambat.
FUNGSI KELUARGA DALAM PELAYANAN SOSIAL LANJUT USIA DI DESA LIABALANO KECAMATAN KONTUNAGA KABUPATEN MUNA
Authors: Bodrus Bodrus , Arsyad Muhammad , Yusuf Bakri
Published: August 2021

Di desa Liabalano Keluarga lansia mendukung kehidupan lansia. Namun tidak semua lansia tinggal bersama keluarganya. Meskipun lansia tersebut tidak tinggal bersama keluarganya, tetapi keluarga lansia dapat memperhatikan orang tuanya dengan memberikan kebutuhan serta kasih sayang kepada lansia tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk dukungan keluarga dalam upaya meningkatkan pelayanan sosial Di Desa Liabalano Kecamatan Kontunaga Kabupaten Muna.penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Penentuan informan dalam penelitian ini dengan carapurposive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini dianalisis saecara deskriptif kualitatif yaitu semua sumber data yang diperoleh dilapangang dimana data disajikan dalam bentuk kejelasan dan urayan.Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tekinik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi.Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi. Hasil temuan yang peneliti dapatkan bahwa keluarga lansia dapat memberikian fungsi keluarga berupa, fungsi biologis, fungsi psikologi, fungsi sosial, dan  fungsi ekonomi yang berpengaru dalam pelayanan sosial lanjut usiaDi Desa Liabalano Kecamatan Kontunaga Kabupaten Muna.
Factors Effecting Employee Turnover: A Study to Understand Organizational Retention Strategies
Authors: Azam Muhammad Khaliq , Waraich Usman
Published: August 2021

The resignation or leaving of employees, whether better or lower performing, created gaps causing understaffing, deterioration of service quality and further overburdening of remaining employees. This research basically aims at exploring and investigating the impact of factors including career growth opportunities, workplace environment, managerial support, rewards & recognition system, and work-life balance on ‘turnover intention’ specifically, it will deal with job satisfaction factors such as general working conditions, general working conditions, pay and promotion, work relationships, use of skills and abilities and work activities in relation to job satisfaction and employee turnover. To achieve the research objective, this study utilized the descriptive research design that employed mainly the survey questionnaires to gather information. Key findings revealed a positive significant correlation between the following factors on job satisfaction: pay and promotion, work relationships and the use of skills and abilities positively correlated to employee job satisfaction.
Impact of HRM Practices on Teachers’ Job Performance in Private Schools of Karachi
Authors: Sultan Faryal , Dominica Vincent Charlotte , Aslam Fatima
Published: August 2021

Organizations must focus on their human resource as it is essential for organizational productivity. It is the primary responsibility of human resources management to employ efficient staff, so as to provide a productive workforce to the organizations. This study is applied in Karachi to analyze the impact of human resource management (HRM) practices on the job performance of schoolteachers. Although there are several studies associated with this topic because of the few HRM practices, this paper is unique because it involves the major HRM practices and relates these with educational institutes of the megacity. Data has been collected through questionnaires from teachers of primary and secondary levels which highlighted the insufficiency of HRM practices in an educational institute of Karachi, therefore, it is legitimate to consider this study as pervasive.
Impact of Store Environment, Product Display and Promotional Activities on Impulsive Buying Behavior: Moderating the Role of Income
Authors: Mehtab Faiza , Ahmed Adnan , Sultan Muhammad Faisal
Published: August 2021

This study is based on applied research and investigates the effect of some vital retail marketing variables such as store environment, product display & promotional activities on consumers impulsive buying behaviour. Within this relationship, the moderating role of income is also tested. Although previously there are several studies associated with the topic, the subject matter has remained a persistent topic of interest to marketers and firms alike. To gather the data, a survey technique was employed, and the data was collected through secondary authentic sources from consumers visiting selected prominent retail shops from the study area. Thus, the ever-evolving consumers’ demand and the nature of the subject it is legitimate to consider the study as one of the pervasive in nature as the study is potent in the increase of knowledge in the area of business as well as in academia. Moreover, as with all secondary data studies, this study is also supplemented with some limitations as the data collected from developing countries like Pakistan is not coherent with the other economies although the value of the paper has not been overshadowed and this can be used for applicative reasoning. Similarly, the sample size for the study is 200 respondents and AMOS, SEM, CFA, SPSS & SMART PLS softwares are used for data analysis. The major reason for the application of the software is the theory-building approach associated with the study. Relatedly,  the paper is supported by descriptive as well as inferential analysis in order to make the findings of the study potent and reliable. The use of the software indicated that there is a relationship between the store environment, product display & promotional activity. Similarly, income plays a strong moderating role in the relationship under study.
Impact of Gross Domestic Product on Small & Medium Enterprises
Authors: Rizwan Rashid Hafiz Mohammad , Arbani Karim Nooruddin
Published: August 2021

This study intends to explore the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on the Performance of Small & Medium Enterprises (SME) in Pakistan. As the Interest and Inflation rate are high, this research has been taken to find the relation between the changes in inflation and interest and how they impact the performance of SMEs. Although there are several studies associated with the DV (Small & Medium enterprises) but the paper is unique as it is (based upon data from Secondary sources of Pakistan where there is a severe lacking of such studies. Data has been collected through the Mono method to indicate the effect of GDP on the performance of SMEs). OCDC countries governments are facing the challenges of low growth, weak trade, weak investment and rising high inequality that’s why the researcher will investigate that the impact of GDP on the performance of SMEs is significant in high interest and inflation rate. Therefore this study is one of the epistemology / pervasive in nature as the study is potent to increase the knowledge in the area of business as well as foreign direct investors. However, this study was supplemented with some limitations as the data collected from the Mono method as an archival strategy from Pakistan. This study would also help the business sector manage their interest rates and attract foreign direct investors to invest more to increase the Gross Domestic Product of Pakistan. The sample size for the study is the past 15 years of data from secondary sources in Pakistan and the researcher will use the CFA and SAM approach using E-Views software that has been used for the purpose of data analysis and the major reason for the application of the software is the theory-building approach associated for finding the relationships between GDP and the Performance of SMEs. Although the paper is supported by descriptive due to quantitative in nature & as well as inferential analysis in order to make findings of the study potent and reliable enough. The use of the software indicated that there is a relationship between major IV (Gross Domestic Product) and DV of the study (Performance of Small & Medium Enterprises) and thus the result is prevalent in identifying the relationship between the variables GDP (IV) & Performance of SME (DV).
Portrayal of Islamic Ideology: Modality analysis of PTB English language textbooks
Authors: Tahir Adnan , Mahmood Rashid , Afzal ul Haque
Published: August 2021

This paper investigates English language textbooks from the point of view of cultural development in pedagogical text. The focus of present study was to analyze contrasting and shared perceptions of congenital Islamic culture in pedagogical text broadly written in English language textbooks formed by Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) at Elementary level i.e. 6th, 7th, and 8th grade classes.  Appropriate implications of linguistic modality make possible to build ideological viewpoint related to cultural development in political, social, institutional and media discourse, so, using critical approach with the combination of CDA framework by Fairclough and SFG by Halliday.  This study examines the said institutional discourse from different perspectives to clue that how fundamental Islamic philosophy is sharply described under different circumstances.  The study is also an exposure of authors’ viewpoint related to portrayal of Islamic culture and needs of cultural sensitivity in such a text related to young learners’ education. In this way, this paper reveals the straightforward instances related to implicit portrayal of Islamic ideology with the help of numerous modality indicators.  It has been observed that language textbooks are not only an authentic source of language learning but also a reliable system of cultural development. Findings of this paper expose that writers, policy makers and publishers of PTB want to portray Islamic ideology intentionally within the pedagogical text of English language textbooks at elementary level, so, the findings of this paper would be helpful for learners, educationists, course designers, institutions and language teachers.
Keywords: Modality, Textbooks, Ideology, Discourse
Fragmentation and Postmodern studies: An analysis of Mohsin Hamid’s Novel “How to get filthy rich in rising Asia”
Authors: Munir Uzma , Sumaira Qamar Sumaira
Published: August 2021

In this study, the fragmentation as postmodernist narrative technique in Mohsin Hamid’s novel “How to get filthy rich in rising Asia” is examined. He uses structural inequalities, grammatically incorrect sentences, phrases and dependent clauses. The term fragmentation is coined by Bell Hooks to highlight the problem of “hierarchy of oppression” within the feminist paradigm. Fragmentation is the major thematic concern of postmodern art that sets new parameters for the narrative techniques of postmodern literature. Fragmentation in the literary work involves complexity on semantic level where the various words act as signifier and signified at the same time. Therefore, this study probes the fundamentals of fragmentation in the text that reflects the radical changes in the postmodern society and focuses on the little narratives that create fragmented truth and cause anarchy, uncertainty and chaos in the world.
Detection of Adulteration in Rubia cordifolia –
A Chromatographic Approach
Authors: Kamani Ghanshyam , Sanghani Rohan , Savalia Vaibhavi , Pandya Devang
Published: August 2021

According to traditional medicinal texts as well as modern research, Rubia cordifolia (Desi Manjistha) stem cure various diseases of blood, skin diseases, inflammations, kidney stones, fever and various Kapha disorders. However, stems of Rubia cordifolia (Desi Manjistha) are often adulterated with stems of Rubia tinctorum (Irani Manjistha) due to morphological similarity. This adulteration is extremely harmful as R. tinctorum has Lucidin as one of the chemical constituents, which has severe genotoxic effects. The present work focuses on developing a comparative HPTLC fingerprint and GC-MS analysis of R. cordifolia and R. tinctorum, so as to detect the adulteration by R. tinctorum in R. cordifolia raw material form and in formulations. Methanol extracts of the individually powdered stems were used to develop a suitable mobile phase, such that a clear spot was obtained in TLC of R. tinctorum but not in TLC of R. cordifolia using the same mobile phase. This mobile phase was further used to develop a comparative HPTLC fingerprint of the two species. Methanol extracts of R. cordifolia and R. tinctorum were used for investigation of phytoconstituents by GC-MS analysis. The mobile phase n-butanol: ethanol (6:4) was the one which gave a clear single spot at Rf 0.89 in TLC of methanol extract of R. tinctorum but not in TLC of methanol extract of R. cordifolia, at 254nm and 366nm. Further, HPTLC analysis gave results clearly differentiating the two species using the same mobile phase. Further, GC-MS analysis of R. cordioflia revealed the presence of 9 phytoconstituents while R. tinctorum revealed the presence of 6 phytoconstituents, which are different from each other. Thus, these simple yet sophisticated techniques will be very useful for herbal industry in standardization and detection of adulteration of R. tinctorum in R. cordifolia formulations, thereby benefitting the patients who consume Manjistha formulations.
The Effect of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) on Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUCMSCs) with regard to Osteogenesis and Calcification
Authors: Kuntjoro Mefina , Agustono Bambang , Prasetyo Eric Priyo , Salim Sherman , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Hendrijantini Nike
Published: August 2021

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a systemic disease characterized by an increase in blood glucose which, in the long term, enhances advanced glycation end product and leads to impaired osteogenesis. In prosthodontics, the osteogenic process plays an important role in successful treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) present in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUCMSCs) on osteogenesis and calcification. Materials and Methods: MSCs isolated from human umbilical cord were cultured and underwent expansion up to passage 5. The research sample was divided into two sub-groups; a treatment group (osteogenic medium+AGE-BSA medium) and a control group (osteogenic medium) each of which underwent three replications. Samples were examined immunocytochemically on days 1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14 and 21 to quantify the level of RUNX2 expression. Alizarin red staining was performed on day 21. Results: In the treatment group, RUNX2 expression increased on day 3, reaching a peak on days 7 and 14. That expression decreased on day 8. In the control group, the expression of RUNX2 reached its peak on day 8 before decreasing on day 9. The presence of alizarin red indicated calcification in the control medium, but less mineralization in the treatment group. Conclusion: The research indicated that AGE-BSA enhances the production of RUNX2 expression in hUCMSCs at both the initial and maturation stages. This finding was supported by the results of alizarin red staining which indicated that increased levels of RUNX2 produced less mineralization.
Histopathological Changes in Liver Tissue after repeated administrations of an Intermediate Dose of Coenzyme Q10 to Wistar Rats
Authors: Abdullah Ali G. , Sedeeq Ban I. , Azzubaidi Marwan S.
Published: August 2021

Coenzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) or ubiquinone plays an important role in the cellular metabolism. The safety profile of ubiquinone as a dietary supplement has been assessed in few sub-chronic toxicity studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible hepatotoxic effect of long-term oral administration of an intermediate oral dose of Co-Q10 in experimental animals. Fifteen Wistar rats were treated with 300mg/kg daily oral doses of Co-Q10 using forced oral feeding for six weeks. Additional 5 healthy rats represented the control group for comparison. All rats were euthanized at the end of the 6th week. Then H and E stained histological sections of rats’ livers revealed vacuolation of hepatocytes, an increase in the diffusion of macrophages and the formation of microgranuloma most probably indicating a drug-induced injury. In conclusion, this study adds evidence supporting the potential hepatotoxic actions resulting from repeated administration of intermediate oral dose of Co-Q10 especially on the long-term.
A Study on the Effect of Dietary Modifications in decreasing or delaying Radiation Induced Acute Gastrointestinal Adverse Events in patients receiving Pelvic Radiotherapy
Authors: Janeendran Devina , Kumar Bhama Santhosh , George Jiya Marium , S. Kumar Ayana , Madhavan Ram , R. Lakshmi
Published: August 2021

Ionizing radiotherapy is a very common treatment modality for various types of cancer. However, its uses are expected to increase drastically with several advances in screening as well as early detection of cancer. Radiation injury due to radiation to the gastrointestinal tract is an imperative factor that works against better utility of this critical treatment modality. Moreover, following radiotherapy there are a higher chances of acute as well as chronic symptoms that would significantly reduce the quality of life of patients and furthermore adding an extra burden to the patients in terms of cost of healthcare. Thus interventions to reduce these adverse events can have long term benefits. Acute radiation induced gastrointestinal adverse events can be managed by modification of diet. Dietary modification of fat, lactose or non-starch polysaccharides (fibre) or combination of these dietary modifications reduces acute gastrointestinal adverse events during radiotherapy. In our study, we observed patients diagnosed with prostate and rectal cancer and those patients receiving neo adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy of rectum. The patients were advised to follow certain dietary modifications which aid in controlling the acute gastrointestinal side effects that developed after exposing to radiation therapy. The patients were followed up on a weekly basis and recorded the severity of the gastro intestinal symptoms after each cycle of radiation therapy and the quality of life was also calculated. Our study demonstrates that the dietary intervention appears to be a promising treatment option to control these adverse events. The dietary restriction of fat, fibre and lactose also helped in reducing the grades of adverse events during the radiotherapy. The Quality of Life of patients, however, after radiotherapy was found to be decreased when compared to the baseline.
A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors affected Peripherals Neuropathic complication in Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Adi Jaya Made Krisna , Swastini Dewa Ayu , Nopitasari Baiq Leny , Veryanti Putu Rika
Published: August 2021

Background: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a microvascular complication that commonly occurs in people with diabetes mellitus. Geriatrics with type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the populations most vulnerable to this complication. An epidemiological study states that geriatrics has a 32% greater risk of developing this complication compared to other age groups. There have not been many studies conducted to evaluate the risk factors that influence this DPN complication, so it needs to be done an individual evaluation for the elderly population. Objective: This study aims to explore the risk factors that influence the incidence of DPN in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A case-control study design was carried out on 70 geriatrics with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The outcome determined was the incidence of DPN to track the cause of DPN exposure retrospectively. Influential risk factors are determined by the Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). All statistical analyzes were two-tailed, and p-values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: Seven factors influence the incidence of DPN in the elderly consisting of smoking history (OR=13.1), uncontrolled lipid profile (OR=5.1), non-neuroprotector users (OR=5.6), uncontrolled blood glucose (OR=42.7), history of heart disease (OR=9.0), uncontrolled blood pressure (OR=4.3), and BMI above normal (OR=5.1). Conclusion: Strong recommendation for medical personnel to focus attention on seven significant risk factors affected complications of DPN to reduce its progression or prevent upcoming complications.
Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Human Herpes Virus 8 in a sample of Iraqi Blood Donors
Authors: Mohammed Zainab B. , Abdullah Shatha F.
Published: August 2021

Human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) infection has increased recently in Arabic countries. HHV-8 in healthy persons does not necessarily cause life-threatening infection, and however, it causes a more severe infection among immunocompromised patients. The distribution of HHV-8 genotypes varies according to ethnicity and depends on the geographic region prior rapid development of global travel. A cross sectional prospective study included a hundred healthy blood donor samples with a mean age of (36.60±10.381), 81% were positive for molecular detection of HHV-8 DNA. PCR results for HHV-8 were strongly related with risk factors such as the number of sexual relations, previous surgeries, blood transfusion, dental operation, and the number of blood donations. In this study, genotypes (A, B, C and D) were detected, largely associated with blood donors residences and distributed to areas of Iraq through a map. Genotype A comprised 28 (34.6%) of blood donors and for genotype C it was 16 (19.8%) and both genotypes were found to be the predominant genotypes, followed by genotype B of 7 (8.7%) and D of 2 (2.5%), the latter is included into Mixed genotypes of 8 (9.9%), whereas, 22 (27.2%) were undetermined genotypes. Efforts should focus on these findings, which may indicate that Iraq is an endemic region of HHV-8 infection.
Anti-oxidant and Anti-microbial activities of 2’’, 4’’-thiazolidindione derivatives of 7-flavonols
Authors: M Karpakavalli , AY Sangilimuthu , M Komala , Perumal G Nagaraja , S Mohan , T Sivakumar
Published: August 2021

Objective: The synthesized compounds of 2’’,4’’-thiazolidindione derivatives of 7-flavonols*, after characterization, aimed to be tested for their anti-oxidant and anti-microbial effects. Methods: i) Free radical scavenging actions tested by hydrogen peroxide- nitric oxide- and by alkaline DMSO- methods and ii) anti-microbial effects against various bacterial pathogens and against candida albicans by disc diffusion method. Results: Data were found to be dose dependent and IC50 value was 30-60 µg/ml and the results revealed that the dinitro-, trinitro- and acetyl, dinitro derivatives showed better and/or equipotent activity to that of the standard, ascorbic acid. The synthesized compounds exerted variable inhibitory activities at a concentration of 1μg /10μl /disc with inhibition zone ranging from 7-26 mm in diameter and a good antifungal activity against Candida albicans at the concentration of (1μg /10μl /disc) with inhibition of 10-24 mm. Klebsiella tribatta are more susceptible to the action of the formylated samples, giving high inhibition values comparing to the other organisms. Compounds Ie and Ih resulted to a higher activity index (AI>1); compounds Id, Ig and Ii showed an equal value (AI=1); whereas, Ia, Ib, Ic and If showed only a moderate activity (AI<1) compared to the standard, Amikacin. Conclusion: The findings confirmed that the synthetic compounds of 3-formyl, 7-flavonol derivatives have significant anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablet of Prasugrel
Authors: P. G. Mahesh , S. G. Raman
Published: August 2021

AIM: Prasugrel is used to treat heart attack and strokes in persons with heart disease (recent heart attack). It helps keep blood flowing smoothly in your body. Objective: Difficulty in swallowing (dysphasia) is a common problem of all age groups, especially the elderly and pediatrics, because of physiological changes associated with these groups.
A Non-invasive Method of Cerebrospinal fluid collection from rats for assessing the Cerebrospinal fluid drug content
Authors: M. Atulya. , Alex Angel , Mathew. A Jesil
Published: August 2021

The drug discovery and pharmacokinetic studies of drugs of the central nervous system depend on the successful collection of cerebrospinal fluid from lab animal models. Many a time, the treatment regime and management of diseases depends on the penetration and distribution of medicaments across the blood-brain barrier and for which a non-contaminated cerebrospinal fluid sample is essential. The present study was to simplify the cerebrospinal fluid collection from cisterna magna of rat, maximizing the quantity and minimizing the contamination. The rat is anaesthetized with Xylazine Ketamine combination intravenously and was kept on an inverted polypropylene tray with its head down at 45° angle. A depressible surface which look like a rhomb between occipital protuberances and the spine of the atlas becomes noticeable. A butterfly needle attached to a syringe was introduced into the cisterna magna, and cerebrospinal fluid is aspirated. The method is non-invasive and doesn’t require any sophisticated equipment and lessens the chance of contamination of the sample with blood. The technique is also less time consuming and easy to perform.
Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation of Doravirine, Lamavudine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate using HPLC in Human Plasma
Authors: S. Marakatham , P. Shanmugapandiyan
Published: August 2021

A novel, simple and sensitive bioanalytical method was developed for estimation of Doravirine, Lamavudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in human plasma with daclatasvir as internal standard. The method was developed using alliance HPLC using Phenomenex C18 (150mm x 4.6mm, 5m) column with mobile phase of 0.01N Potassium dihydrogen phosphate pH (3.5): Acetonitrile (60:40) at flow rate of 1.0ml/min. Detection wavelength was found to be 277nm. The linearity range for doravirine, lamuvidine and Tenfovir was 50-2000ng/ml, 125-5000ng/ml and 20-800ng/ml. Correlation coefficient was 0.999. The method was validated and stability study was carried out as per FDA guidelines.
Formulation and Evaluation of Benidipine Nanosuspension
Authors: Patel Sejal , Patel Anita P.
Published: August 2021

In the interest of administration of dosage form oral route is most desirable and preferred method. After oral administration to get maximum therapeutic effect, major challenge is their water solubility. Water insoluble drug indicate insufficient bioavailability as well dissolution resulting in fluctuating plasma level. Benidipine (BND) is poorly water soluble antihypertensive drug has lower bioavailability. To improve bioavailability of Benidipine HCL, BND nanosuspension was formulated using media milling technique. HPMC E5 was used to stabilize nanosuspension. The effect of different important process parameters e.g. selection of polymer concentration X1(1.25 mg), stirring time X2 (800 rpm), selection of zirconium beads size X3 (0.4mm) were investigated by 23 factorial design to accomplish desired particle size and saturation solubility. The optimized batch had 408 nm particle size Y1, and showed in-vitro dissolution Y2 95±0.26 % in 30 mins and Zeta potential was -19.6. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR analysis was done to confirm there was no interaction between drug and polymer.
AFLP analysis of Genetic diversity and Phylogenetic relationships of
Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek
Authors: Roy Urmi , Roy Ushri
Published: August 2021

Among the important pulse-yielding plants Vigna radiata is important. In the Indian subcontinent, it is an essential source of dietary protein particularly in the vegetarian population. It contains abundant nutrients with biological activities. Soaked seeds are eaten as a good source of protein and mature seeds are cooked or can be sprouted for human consumption. Mung beans and its sprouts contain chemical constituents like flavonoids, phenolic acids, organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. It is related to different biological activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antihypertensive effects, etc. The seeds are a traditional source of cures for paralysis, rheumatism, coughs, fevers, and liver ailments. As a green manure or cover crop, the plant can be grown, enriching the soil with the nitrogen formed on its roots. The powerful Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) is a molecular marker used for a variety of applications like assessing genetic diversity within species or among closely related species, inferring population-level phylogenies, generating genetic maps, and determining the relatedness among cultivars. AFLP has become extremely beneficial in the study of taxa including bacteria, fungi, and plants, where much is still unknown about the genomic makeup of various organisms. A study was made to assess the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of a set of five varieties of Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek using the AFLP technique. Five different varieties of Vigna radiata viz. B1, TARM 2, PDM 84, TM 99, and TM 98 were subjected to AFLP analysis. A total of 471 fragments were scored across all the 12 AFLP primer sets used and the results were used to plot a dendrogram. It was observed that these five varieties formed three distinct groups among which the aromatic B1 variety formed a distinct group.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial evaluation and Docking study of new Schiff bases of benzo[d]oxazol-5-amine derivatives.
Authors: Hameed A. Rahim Nedaa A. , Saadi Abbas Sumayah , Aljuboori Sahar B. , Razzak Mahmood Ammar A
Published: August 2021

Objective: Benzoxazole derivatives have antifungal, anticancer, antibacterial, and anticonvulsant function. Encouraged by this comment, we agreed to synthesize new Benzoxazole compounds connected to the bases of Schiff's. Methods: 2,4-diaminophenol (1) was prepared by the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenol and sodium dithionate. Compound (1) reacted with either acetic acid to afford compound (2) or with formic acid to afford compound (3). The Schiff bases were preparation from the reaction condensing reaction of compound (2) or (3) and aromatic aldehydes or ketone; [p-nitrobenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyde, p-bromoacetophenone and terephthaldehyde]. Results: FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy characterized all of the preparation compounds. The synthesized derivatives against (Gram positive bacteria GPB) (Bacillus subtilis) and two (Gram-negative bacteria GNB) (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) and (one fungal species Candida albicans), have been evaluated to their antibacterial activity in vitro. all results showed which most of them have good antibacterial activity, while their antifungal activity revealed that compounds displayed slight antifungal activity. The synthesized Benzoxazole derivatives were docked using, glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase as a ligand. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity indicates that compounds (4), (7) and (8) have more potent antibacterial activity than the compounds (5) and (6). Molecular docking study revealed that compounds (7) and (8), with bulky phenyl groups are essential to block the active centers of (GluN-6-Ps) amino acids synthase in the bacteria.
Development and Standardization of Neem and Aloe Vera based Herbal hand wash using Low Cost Indigenous Technology
Authors: Mohammad Khan Aziz , K. Raghav Pramod
Published: August 2021

Hand-washing is an important practice for healthcare in home and daily life preparations. Herbal based hand wash preparations are the most promising hand wash with natural antimicrobial effect. The present study was aimed to development and standardization of herbal hand wash with natural ingredients. In this study, two types of herbal hand wash were formulated with Neem and Aloe vera methanol extract. The herbal hand-wash A and herbal hand wash B, containing plant extract and other natural herbal ingredients in different compositions of ingredients. Herbal hand wash formulations were further evaluated for some parameters such as odor, color, pH, viscosity, foam height, foam retention and spreading potential. The quality of hand wash formulation was evaluated by skin irritation test, greasiness grittiness and homogeneity. The results indicated that all the developed formulations of hand wash A and B were in acceptable limits. The results of present study proved that the effective herbal hand wash were developed successfully by incorporating the herbal extracts using low cost indigenous technologies for better effect.
Novel UHPLC DAD Method for Simultaneous determination of Vildagliptin and Metformin in Bulk and its Tablet formulation
Authors: Patel Viralkumar , Pandya Chintan , Pandya Aditee , Patel Dharmesh , Patel Zalak
Published: August 2021

A robust and rapid reversed-phase UHPLC method for routine determination of vildagliptin (VILDA) and metformin (MET) was developed and validated with DAD detection (207 nm). Chromatographic analysis was carried out with isocratic separation by C18 column (150mm x 2.1mm, 5μm) using a mobile phase with a mixture of 1.36 g phosphate buffer (pH 4.2) set to phosphoric acid and acetonitrile (80:20, v/v) with 0.6mL/min flow rate. The procedure was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for linearity (correlation coefficient r2 = 0.999), accuracy, intermediate precision, and robustness. Accuracy was 99.79%±0.54% and 100.07 %±0.34% for VILDA and MET, respectively. For precision, the %RSD was founded to be less than 2% for three concentrations analyzed from three replicates. The proposed method was used for successful determination of VILDA and MET in a pharmaceutical preparation.
Antihyperglycemic activity of Ficus carica leaves extracts on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
Authors: Roy Tathagata , Paul Susanta , Roy Chowdhury Victor , Das Arijit , Chandra Srikanta , Das Avik , Jana Abhishek , Bhattacharya Muniraj , Ghosh Nibir
Published: August 2021

Antihyperglycemic activity of leave extracts of Ficus carica was evaluated on STZ induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in albino Wistar rats of either sex by intraperitoneal (60mg/kg b.w.) of STZ, freshly dissolved in citrate buffer (0.01 M, pH 4.5). Ficus carica leave extract in different solution (viz. petroleum ether, ethyloacetate, methanol and aqueous) were administered to diabetic rats for 9 days. The effect of extracts on blood glucose and body weight was studies on day 1st and 9th. The study showed that the ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous extract of Ficus sarmentosa leaves reduced blood glucose level and body weight significantly. This may justify the use of ficus species as ethanomedical medicine for treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Effect of exercise on nerve conduction study of Carpal tunnel syndrome patients
Authors: Sahoo J. K , Joshi A. G , Sahoo K. N
Published: August 2021

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist. In general population CTS is known to be a very common disease and the prevalence of CTS is estimated to be 2.7% as confirmed by clinical and electrophysiological findings. Typical symptoms of CTS are tingling, numbness and parasthesia in thumb, index, middle finger and radial half of ring finger which is often exaggerated at night. Previously research studies have been done on pain control, grip strength, wrist function. Very little research work has been done on effect of exercise on NCS of CTS patients. So the aim of the study is to find the short term (6weeks) effects of exercise on NCS of CTS patients. Methodology: Bilateral sensory and motor nerve conduction studies were carried out in 50 CTS patients before and after 6weeks of exercise. Exercise treatment was given to patients under the guidance of trained physiotherapist. Clinical examination was also done after 6 weeks. RMS machine from Chandigarh was used. Statistical analysis was done by INSTAT- 3.6 software. Result: DML, DML (diff.) DSL, DSL (diff.) showed significant decrease after 6 weeks of exercise in symptomatic (Rt.) hand, but no significant difference was found in SCV, CMAP, SNAP of median nerve. Whereas in Lt. hand only DML (diff.) between median and ulnar nerve showed significant change. There was also improvement in clinical signs and symptoms and pain scale. Conclusion: It was concluded that exercise treatment for 6 weeks under the proper guidance of trained physiotherapist showed significant improvements in clinical as well as electrophysiological parameters in symptomatic hands. So, exercise treatment can be suggested as choice of treatment for CTS patients.
Antidiarrhoeal Potential of various Solvent Extracts of Achyranthes aspera against three diverse diarrhoeal animal models
Authors: Ahmed Syed Sagheer , Prakash K Chandra , Tabassum Saba , Salma Noor , Devi K H Ahalya
Published: August 2021

Diarrhoea is a condition characterized by a variation in the bowel movement. It is one of the major health issues in developing countries. Its severity is more in children’s. Diarrhoea causes severe dehydration and some time it may lead to death. Globally, over 5 million children’s are dying each year because of diarrhoea. In the present scenario, herbal medicines are used by the people in a wider range because of its safety as compared to synthetic drugs. So it is very crucial to identify and investigate available natural drugs for treating diarrhoea. Hence, the present study endeavor the evaluation of antidiarrhoeal activity of Achyranthus aspera. The anti-diarrhoeal activity was performed by using different animal models like castor oil-induced diarrhoea, prostaglandin-E2 induced enteropooling and gastrointestinal motility test. All the extracts of Achyranthus aspera showed considerable antidiarrhoeal activity in all the three animal models by reducing diarrhoeal episodes. The findings of the present investigation revealed the significant antidiarrhoeal property of Achyranthes aspera. Hence this plant can be used in the suitable form as an alternative to available synthetic antidiarrhoeal medicines which are not completely safe. Thus the adverse effects of synthetic drugs can be minimized by reducing its use.
Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Analysis of Nepafenac and its related substances using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Balaji T. S. , D Gavaskar. , T. Somanathan
Published: August 2021

A novel, economic and time-efficient reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method has been developed for the analysis of Nepafenac in the presence of both impurities and degradation products generated by forced degradation. When Nepafenac was subjected to acid hydrolysis, oxidative, base hydrolysis, photolytic, and thermal stress, observed degradation only in oxidative and base hydrolysis. The drug was found to be stable to other stress conditions. Various method development trails were performed for the separation of drug from impurities. However, best chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters Acquity CSHC18, 100mm x 2.1mm, 1.7µ particle size column, UV detection at 245nm, a gradient elution of Ammonium formate (pH 4.0), mixture of organic solvents (Acetonitrile, Methanol) as mobile phase for drug, its impurities and it was captured. The method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, robustness and can be used in quality control during manufacture and for assessment of the stability samples of Nepafenac. Total elution time was about 6.5 min and equilibration time of about 1.5 min which allowed analysis of more than 100 samples per day. The analytical method discussed in United states Pharmacopoeia was pH sensitive and compatible to LC-MS analysis.
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Prucalopride Succinate in Bulk and Formulation by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry
Authors: Bhosale A.C. , Bhagat V.C. , Kunjir V. V , Kardile D.P. , Shete R.V.
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Analytical method development and validation for the quantitative determination of Prucalopride succinate in bulk and tablet formulation which plays major role in the development and manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Methods: In the present work a simple, rapid and reproducible UV-Visible Spectrophotometric method was developed and validated according to ICH guidelines. Results and Conclusions: The parameters linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy, and robustness were studied. The wavelength 243nm was selected for the estimation of drug using methanol as a solvent. The drug obeys Beer-lambert’s law over the concentration range 2-10μg/ml. The accuracy of the method was assessed by recovery studies and was found between 97.2- 98.3 %. The method was successfully applied for routine analysis of Prucalopride succinate in bulk and formulation.
The Phytochemical Study of the Populus nigra L. Leaves
Authors: Kurkin VA , Kupriyanova EA
Published: August 2021

From the leaves of the black poplar (Populus nigra L., Salicaceae family) there were for the first time isolated rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), calendoflavobioside (quercetin-3-O-neohesperidoside) (flavonoids) and ferulic acid (phenylpropanoid) by using of liquid column chromatography. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds there were elucidated by means of 1H-NMR-, 13C-NMR-, UV-spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and results of chemical transformations. The isolated flavonoids are the dominant phenolic components of the raw material of the investigated plant. It was determined, that the isolated flavonoids cause the spectral characteristics of the UV spectra of the water-ethanolic extract from the Populus nigra leaves. It was substantiated the expediency of the estimation of the total flavonoids in the leaves of Populus nigra calculated on rutin. As results there was development the method of the quantitative determination of the total flavonoids in the leaves of Populus nigra by the using of the differential spectrophotometry at an analytical wavelength of 414 nm. It was determined that the content of the total flavonoids in the raw materials of the studied plant varies from 2.04±0.09% to 2.99±0.11%. The relative degree of the determination of the total flavonoids in the leaves of black poplar in developed method with confidence probability 0.95 is no more than ± 6.26%.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen level and its Correlation with Age, Gender, and Liver Biomarkers
Authors: Hamid Zainab A. , J. Al-Bayaa M. Sc Yasmeen , Hussain Ali Hattem
Published: August 2021

Background: Measuring the concentration of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) in HBV patients can be determined with immunoassay techniques. This study aimed to measure the HbsAg titers in chronic HBV patients and to assess its correlation with patients' ages, gender, and with the levels of liver enzymes and total serum bilirubin. Materials and Method: Fifty-eight chronic hepatitis B infected patients were enrolled in this study. Age and gender of the patients were recorded. HbsAg concentration was tested with automated Immunoanalyzer. The patients were also tested for ALT, AST, ALP, and TSB by automated chemistry analyzer. Results: All the chronic HBV patients have positive HBsAg titers above the negative cutoff (0.05U/L) with mean concentration equal to 3099.7U/L, and a range of 0.25-6005.2 U/L. The highest mean HbsAg concentration was in age group 50-59, while the least was in age group ≥60. There was weak negative insignificant correlation between HbsAg concentrations and ages of patients. Thirty one of the patients were males and 27 were females. The means of HbsAg concentrations between males and females were statistically not significant. The mean ALT concentration was 60.038U/L, for AST was 40.728U/L, for ALP was 113.722 U/L, and for TSB was 1.168mg/dl. The values of correlation coefficients (R) between HBsAg titers and the concentrations of ALT, AST, ALP, and TSB were 0.13, 0.11, 0.12, and 0.14, respectively. Conclusions: The HBsAg titers are positive among all chronic HBV patients, with a mean titer of 3099.7U/L and all of the values are below 10000.0U/L. The mean titers increase gradually with age to reach the peak in age group 50-59 years old then decline The age, gender, serum ALT, serum AST, serum ALP, and TSB all have weak insignificant correlations with HBsAg titers among chronic HBV patients. The serum ALT is the most commonly elevated liver biomarker in chronic HBV patients.
In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial activity of Methanolic and Aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens seed
Authors: Rao Amita Shobha , K L Shobha , Concessao Preethi Lavina , Rao S Gowrish , R Pai K Sreedhara
Published: August 2021

The present investigation was to find out efficacy of Mucuna pruriens (M. pruriens) seeds. The antimicrobial activity of methanol and aqueous extract of M. pruriens seeds was determined by well diffusion method with ATCC strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria clinical strains of multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae, and clinical strains of Candida albicans. It was observed that both the aqueous and the methanol extract of M. pruriens seeds had antibacterial activity against all the ATCC bacterial strains. The MDR strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to both aqueous and methanol extract of M. pruriens seed. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans was exhibited by both aqueous and methanol extracts of M. pruriens seed.
Phytochemical investigation and Antipyretic activity of Tectona grandis Linn.
Authors: Rani G. Jhansi , Bhavani N. Lakshmi
Published: August 2021

Tectona grandis is having an incredible utilizations in the timber industry, also enjoys extensive appositeness in traditional and folklore medicine. Teak, the whole tree holds profuse of pharmacological properties with less exposure on the seeds. the present work is to extract and isolate the secondary metabolites from the methanolic extract by column chromatography followed by acute toxicity and antipyretic activity in adult Wistar rats. A dose of 200mg/kg methanolic seed extract was selected as a dose based on the acute toxicity study. Yeast induced antipyretic model in rats was employed for antipyretic activity. Five compounds were isolated from the methanolic seed extract and which are reported for the first time from the seeds. The structures were established by detailed spectral analysis using Mass, IR, and 1H NMR. The extract showed significant antipyretic activity in rats when compared to the respective standard drugs.