bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a novel lower radiation computed tomography protocol for assessment of tunnel position post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Vasudeva Varun , Key Stephen , Phillips Alfred , Kahane Steve , Stevens Joseph , Wall Chris , Gallie Price
Published: July 2020

Background

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common orthopaedic procedure. We developed a novel, low dose computed tomography (LDCT) protocol to assess tunnel position post-operatively. The effective radiation dose of this protocol is < 0.5millisieverts (mSv), which is significantly less than the 2 mSv dose for a conventional CT protocol. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the LDCT protocol for determining tunnel position.

Methods

Twenty-six patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction were included in the study. A LDCT scan was performed 6 weeks post-operatively. Femoral and tibial tunnel positions were measured on three dimensional (3D) reconstructions using previously validated techniques. Measurements were performed independently by three observers at two time points, 4 weeks apart.

Results

There was excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability for all measurements using the images obtained from the LDCT protocol. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values were > 0.9 for all measurements.

Conclusions

The LDCT protocol described in this study accurately demonstrates femoral and tibial tunnels post ACL reconstruction, while exposing the patient to a quarter of the radiation dose of a conventional CT. This protocol could be used by orthopaedic surgeons for routine post-operative imaging, in place of plain film radiographs.
LncRNA MEG3 rs3087918 was associated with a decreased breast cancer risk in a Chinese population: a case-control study
Authors: Zheng Yi , Wang Meng , Wang Shuqian , Xu Peng , Deng Yujiao , Lin Shuai , Li Na , Liu Kang , Zhu Yuyao , Zhai Zhen , Wu Ying , Dai Zhijun , Zhu Gaixia
Published: July 2020

Background

LncRNA MEG3 expressed abnormally in various cancers including breast cancer, but no studies reported the correlation between MEG3 SNPs and breast cancer susceptibility among Chinese women.

Methods

This study is aimed to explore the association between three SNPs of MEG3 (rs3087918, rs7158663, rs11160608) and breast cancer. The study is a population-based case-control study including 434 breast cancer patients and 700 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using Sequenom MassArray technique. Function prediction of rs3087918 were based on RNAfold and lncRNASNP2 databases.

Results

Pooled analysis indicated that rs3087918 was related to a decreased risk of breast cancer [GG vs. TT: OR (95%) = 0.67(0.45–0.99), P = 0.042; GG vs. TT + TG: OR (95%) = 0.69(0.48–0.99), P = 0.046], especially for women aged <=49 [GG vs. TT: OR (95%) = 0.40(0.22–0.73), P = 0.02]. Comparison between case groups showed genotype GG and TG/GG of rs3087918 were associated with her-2 receptor expression [GG vs. TT: OR (95%) = 2.37(1.24–4.63), P = 0.010; TG + GG vs. TT: OR (95%) = 1.50(1.01–2.24), P = 0.045]. We didn’t find statistical significance for rs11160608, rs7158663 and breast cancer. Structure prediction based on RNAfold found rs3087918 may influence the secondary structure of MEG3. The results based on lncRNASNP2 indicated that rs3087918 may gain the targets of hsa-miR-1203 to MEG3, while loss the target of hsa-miR-139-3p and hsa-miR-5091 to MEG3.

Conclusions

MEG3 rs3087918 was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer. MEG3 haplotype TCG may increase the risk of breast cancer.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Role of short-wavelength blue light in the formation of cataracts and the expression of caspase-1, caspase-11, Gasdermin D in rat lens epithelial cells: insights into a novel pathogenic mechanism of cataracts
Authors: Wang Yamin , Zhang Min , Sun Ying , Wang Xiaohui , Song Zhaowei , Li Huazhang , Liu Kexin , Li Zhijian
Published: July 2020

Background

With the popularity of blue-rich light-emitting diode (LED)-backlit display devices, our eyes are now exposed to more short-wavelength blue light than they were in the past. The goal of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of cataracts after short-wavelength light exposure.

Methods

Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were selected and randomly divided into a control group (10 rats each for the 4-, 8-, and 12-week groups) and an experimental group (10 rats each for the 4-, 8-, and 12-week groups). The rats in the experimental group were exposed to a short-wavelength blue LED lamp for 12 h per day. After exposure to the blue LED lamp, the rats were maintained in total darkness for 12 h, after which a 12-h light/dark cycle was resumed. The intensity of the lamp was 3000 lx. At the end of the short-wavelength blue LED lamp exposure (for 4, 8, and 12 weeks), the expression levels of caspase-1, caspase-11 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) were examined in rat lens epithelial cells (LECs) using qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. An illuminance of 2500 lx was used to study the potential effect of blue LED light on HLE-B3 hLECs in vitro.AC-YVAD-CMK, a caspase-1 inhibitor, was used to confirm the pyroptosis of LECs by flow cytometry.

Results

After 6 weeks, cataracts developed in the experimental rats (4/20 eyes). The clarity of the lens gradually worsened with the duration of exposure. Twelve weeks later, all of the rat eyes had developed cataracts. The expression levels of caspase-1, caspase-11 and GSDMD at 4, 8, and 12 weeks were significantly higher in the samples from rats exposed to a short-wavelength blue LED lamp than in the samples from control rats (p<0.05). The proportions of double-positive hLECs were significantly increased in the 5-h and 10-h short-wavelength blue light exposure subgroups compared with the 5-h and 10-h caspase-1 inhibitor subgroups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The data indicate that pyroptosis plays a key role in cataract induction after short-wavelength blue light exposure. This study might provide new insights into a novel pathogenic mechanism of cataracts.
Effects of parenting interventions on child and caregiver cortisol levels: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martins Rafaela Costa , Blumenberg Cauane , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana , Gonzalez Andrea , Murray Joseph
Published: July 2020

Background

Nurturing care, in which children are raised in engaging and safe environments, may reduce child stress and shape hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning. Hence, parent-training programs may impact child cortisol levels, as well as behavioral, social and health outcomes. We conducted a systematic review of the impact of parent-training interventions on children’s and caregivers’ cortisol levels, and meta-analyzed the results.

Methods

In January 2020, searches in PubMed, LILACS, ERIC, Web of Science, Scielo, Scopus, PsycNET and POPLINE databases were conducted, and two independent researchers screened the results for eligible studies – randomized trials that assessed the impact of parent-training interventions on child or caregiver cortisol levels. Random effects were used to pool the estimates, separately for children and caregivers, and for children’s morning and evening cortisol levels, as well as change across the day.

Results

A total of 27 eligible studies were found. Data from 19 studies were extracted and included in the meta-analyses, with 18 estimates of child cortisol levels and 5 estimates for caregiver cortisol levels. The pooled effect size (standardized mean difference) for the effects of parent training programs on morning child cortisol was 0.01 (95%CI: − 0.14 to 0.16; I2: 47.5%), and for caregivers it was 0.04 (95%CI: − 0.22 to 0.30; I2: 0.0%). Similar null results were observed for child evening cortisol and for the slope between morning and evening child cortisol. No evidence of publication bias was found.

Conclusion

Existing evidence shows no effect of parent-training interventions on child or caregiver post-intervention cortisol. Researchers are encouraged to adopt standardized protocols to improve evaluation standards, to test for intervention effects on psychosocial outcomes that are theorized to mediate the effects on biomarkers, and to use additional biomarkers for chronic stress.
Work-life balance and self-reported health among working adults in Europe: a gender and welfare state regime comparative analysis
Authors: Mensah Aziz , Adjei Nicholas Kofi
Published: July 2020

Background

The pressing demands of work over the years have had a significant constraint on the family and social life of working adults. Moreover, failure to achieve a ‘balance’ between these domains of life may have an adverse effect on their health. This study investigated the relationship between work-life conflict and self-reported health among working adults in contemporary welfare countries in Europe.

Methods

Data from the 6th European Working Conditions Survey 2015 on 32,275 working adults from 30 countries in Europe were analysed. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between work-life balance and self-reported health among men and women. We further used a 2 stage multi-level logistic regression to assess variations in self-reported health among welfare state regimes by gender.

Results

The results showed a strong association between work-life conflict and poor self-reported health among working adults in Europe (aOR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.93–2.23). However, the magnitude of the effect differed slightly by gender (men: aOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.78–2.18 vs women: aOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 2.01–2.47). Furthermore, we found variations in the relationship between work-life conflict and poor self-reported health between welfare states regimes. The association was found to be weaker in the Nordic and Southern welfare states than the Liberal, Conservative, and Central Eastern European welfare states. Although the associations were more consistent among men than women in the Conservative welfare states regime, we found higher associations for women than men in the Southern, Nordic, Liberal, and Central Eastern European welfare states.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence of some variations in the association between work-life conflict and poor self-reported health among men and women across welfare states regimes in Europe. The results demonstrate the need for governments, organizations and policymakers to provide conducive working conditions and social policies for working adults to deal with competing demands from work and family activities.
Safety of psychotropic medications in people with COVID-19: evidence review and practical recommendations
Authors: Ostuzzi Giovanni , Papola Davide , Gastaldon Chiara , Schoretsanitis Georgios , Bertolini Federico , Amaddeo Francesco , Cuomo Alessandro , Emsley Robin , Fagiolini Andrea , Imperadore Giuseppe , Kishimoto Taishiro , Michencigh Giulia , Nosé Michela , Purgato Marianna , Dursun Serdar , Stubbs Brendon , Taylor David , Thornicroft Graham , Ward Philip B. , Hiemke Christoph , Correll Christoph U. , Barbui Corrado
Published: July 2020

Background

The novel coronavirus pandemic calls for a rapid adaptation of conventional medical practices to meet the evolving needs of such vulnerable patients. People with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may frequently require treatment with psychotropic medications, but are at the same time at higher risk for safety issues because of the complex underlying medical condition and the potential interaction with medical treatments.

Methods

In order to produce evidence-based practical recommendations on the optimal management of psychotropic medications in people with COVID-19, an international, multi-disciplinary working group was established. The methodology of the WHO Rapid Advice Guidelines in the context of a public health emergency and the principles of the AGREE statement were followed. Available evidence informing on the risk of respiratory, cardiovascular, infective, hemostatic, and consciousness alterations related to the use of psychotropic medications, and drug–drug interactions between psychotropic and medical treatments used in people with COVID-19, was reviewed and discussed by the working group.

Results

All classes of psychotropic medications showed potentially relevant safety risks for people with COVID-19. A set of practical recommendations was drawn in order to inform frontline clinicians on the assessment of the anticipated risk of psychotropic-related unfavorable events, and the possible actions to take in order to effectively manage this risk, such as when it is appropriate to avoid, withdraw, switch, or adjust the dose of the medication.

Conclusions

The present evidence-based recommendations will improve the quality of psychiatric care in people with COVID-19, allowing an appropriate management of the medical condition without worsening the psychiatric condition and vice versa.
Projected geographic disparities in healthcare worker absenteeism from COVID-19 school closures and the economic feasibility of child care subsidies: a simulation study
Authors: Chin Elizabeth T. , Huynh Benjamin Q. , Lo Nathan C. , Hastie Trevor , Basu Sanjay
Published: July 2020

Background

School closures have been enacted as a measure of mitigation during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It has been shown that school closures could cause absenteeism among healthcare workers with dependent children, but there remains a need for spatially granular analyses of the relationship between school closures and healthcare worker absenteeism to inform local community preparedness.

Methods

We provide national- and county-level simulations of school closures and unmet child care needs across the USA. We develop individual simulations using county-level demographic and occupational data, and model school closure effectiveness with age-structured compartmental models. We perform multivariate quasi-Poisson ecological regressions to find associations between unmet child care needs and COVID-19 vulnerability factors.

Results

At the national level, we estimate the projected rate of unmet child care needs for healthcare worker households to range from 7.4 to 8.7%, and the effectiveness of school closures as a 7.6% and 8.4% reduction in fewer hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) beds, respectively, at peak demand when varying across initial reproduction number estimates by state. At the county level, we find substantial variations of projected unmet child care needs and school closure effects, 9.5% (interquartile range (IQR) 8.2–10.9%) of healthcare worker households and 5.2% (IQR 4.1–6.5%) and 6.8% (IQR 4.8–8.8%) reduction in fewer hospital and ICU beds, respectively, at peak demand. We find significant positive associations between estimated levels of unmet child care needs and diabetes prevalence, county rurality, and race (p<0.05). We estimate costs of absenteeism and child care and observe from our models that an estimated 76.3 to 96.8% of counties would find it less expensive to provide child care to all healthcare workers with children than to bear the costs of healthcare worker absenteeism during school closures.

Conclusions

School closures are projected to reduce peak ICU and hospital demand, but could disrupt healthcare systems through absenteeism, especially in counties that are already particularly vulnerable to COVID-19. Child care subsidies could help circumvent the ostensible trade-off between school closures and healthcare worker absenteeism.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and COVID-19: an overlooked female patient population at potentially higher risk during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kyrou Ioannis , Karteris Emmanouil , Robbins Tim , Chatha Kamaljit , Drenos Fotios , Randeva Harpal S.
Published: July 2020

Background

In women of reproductive age, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) constitutes the most frequent endocrine disorder. Women with PCOS are considered to typically belong to an age and sex group which is at lower risk for severe COVID-19.

Main body

Emerging data link the risk of severe COVID-19 with certain factors such as hyper-inflammation, ethnicity predisposition, low vitamin D levels, and hyperandrogenism, all of which have known direct associations with PCOS. Moreover, in this common female patient population, there is markedly high prevalence of multiple cardio-metabolic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, which may significantly increase the risk for adverse COVID-19-related outcomes. This strong overlap of risk factors for both worse PCOS cardio-metabolic manifestations and severe COVID-19 should be highlighted for the clinical practice, particularly since women with PCOS often receive fragmented care from multiple healthcare services. Comprehensively informing women with PCOS regarding the potential risks from COVID-19 and how this may affect their management is also essential.

Conclusion

Despite the immense challenges posed by the COVID-19 outbreak to the healthcare systems in affected countries, attention should be directed to maintain a high standard of care for complex patients such as many women with PCOS and provide relevant practical recommendations for optimal management in the setting of this fast moving pandemic.
Australian chiropractors’ perception of the clinical relevance of anatomical sciences and adequacy of teaching in chiropractic curricula
Authors: Giuriato Rosemary , Štrkalj Goran , Prvan Tania , Pather Nalini
Published: July 2020

Background

Human anatomy education is compulsory in the undergraduate curriculum in all Australian chiropractic education programs. There is very little data on clinicians’ perceptions of the adequacy of their anatomy training and its relevance to practice. The aims of this study were to evaluate Australian registered chiropractors’ perceptions on the relevance and adequacy of anatomy training for clinical practice and analyse their opinion on the usefulness of the teaching resources utilized during their preprofessional training.

Methods

A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on a sample of Australian registered chiropractors focussing on the adequacy of their anatomical science (gross anatomy, histology, neuroanatomy and embryology) training and the clinical relevance of each individual sub-discipline, and the perceived value of each of the different anatomy teaching resources utilized.

Results

A total of 128 completed surveys were returned from an estimated 387 attendees at two national chiropractic conferences (estimated 33% response rate). The respondents represent 2.6% of registered chiropractors in Australia in 2016 and were representative in terms of gender (66.4% male) but not age, with older generations being over-represented (peak age group 35–44 vs. 25–34). The majority of the survey respondents obtained their chiropractic qualification in Australia (89.1%) and graduated after 1990 with an average of 21.7 years (SD = 11.3, range = 1–44) in practice. Respondents were equally likely to have undertaken anatomy training in Medicine, Science, Health Science, or other faculties. The disciplines perceived most relevant for clinical practice were neuroanatomy (100% of respondents agreeing) and gross anatomy (99.2%), followed by histology (86.0%) and embryology (81.1%). Respondents also perceived their training to be most adequate in neuroanatomy (99.3%) and gross anatomy (99.2%) followed by histology (91.4%) and embryology (85%). Respondents confirmed exposure to a varied suite of anatomy teaching tools utilized during their pre-professional training and highly valued access to cadavers and prosected specimens.

Conclusions

The majority of respondents perceived anatomy as highly relevant to their clinical practice and noted that it was adequately taught within a wide range of educational approaches. These results will assist educators to refine content and delivery of anatomy course offerings to maximize relevance in chiropractic clinical practice.
Hybrid decentralized PBFT Blockchain Framework for OpenStack message queue
Authors: Kim Youngjong , Park Jinho
Published: July 2020

Cloud computing based on OpenStack is widely used as a distributed computing platform. OpenStack has progressed at a rapid pace, incorporating a variety of service modules; it is supported by many companies, has a community of active developers, and a diverse user base. OpenStack uses message queue to coordinate and exchange operation and status information between services. OpenStack supports various message queue services including RabbitMQ, Qpid, and ZeroMQ, whereas its distribution architecture uses RabbitMQ. As an OpenStack’s message queue service, RabbitMQ runs on a controller node as a centralized service. In case of the centralized service, increased usage may cause slowed response times and security vulnerability. This paper proposes a Hybrid decentralized Practical byzantine fault tolerance Blockchain Framework with two-step verification for OpenStack message queue service. When compared to existing OpenStack message queue service, OpenStack with the proposed framework demonstrates identical reliability a faster response time by approximately 46.75% with a two-step verification process and decentralization approach. Additionally, a reduction in the security vulnerability in the OpenStack message queue information with saving the message queue information into each node by blockchain-based decentralized data duplication approach.
Rhabdomyolysis in drug-related deaths
Authors: Kaisang Natarat , Promsawat Kotchakorn , Jantasorn Weerachai , Srisont Smith
Published: July 2020

Background

This study aims to detect myoglobin staining in the cases in which were suspected that intoxication was the cause of death.

Materials and method

This study selected the drug-related death cases including those with toxic blood levels of substances. These drug-related death cases were classified into two groups: (1) suggestive of intoxication death group and (2) other causes of death group which was control group. The kidneys of all these cases were immunohistochemically stained with the myoglobin antibody for rhabdomyolysis diagnosis.

Results

There were 50 drug-related deaths separated into 28 study cases and 22 control cases. The positive myoglobin stain was found in 17 cases (60.7%) in the study group and 5 cases (22.7%) in the control group. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (p= 0.007).

Conclusions

Myoglobin detection in kidney by immunohistochemistry should be done to help for confirming the cause of deaths in these drug-related death cases.
Thoracoscopic excision versus radiofrequency ablation of the sympathetic chain as a treatment for palmar hyperhidrosis: comparative study
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed Saber , Elsherbeny Mohammed , Abdelbarr Ahmed , Abdelhay Sameh
Published: July 2020

Background

Hyperhidrosis is an excess sweat secretion. Various modalities of treatment exist for hyperhidrosis. Although medical treatment is the first line of treatment, its long-term outcome is not satisfactory. In this study, we compared the results of thoracoscopic excision with that of radiofrequency ablation of the sympathetic chain as a treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis.

Results

During the period from January 2014 to December 2017, 42 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis after failure of medical treatment presented to Departments of Pediatric Surgery and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine. They were 26 males and 16 females. Their ages ranged between 11 and 42 years (mean 21.78 years). Twenty patients underwent thoracoscopic excision of the sympathetic chain (in Pediatric Surgery Department), while 22 patients underwent radiofrequency ablation of the sympathetic chain (in Neurosurgery Department). For the thoracoscopic sympathectomy group, the mean operative time was 27.39 min, the mean length of hospital stay was 24.78 h, the mean sweating scale decreased from 3.28 preoperatively to 1.33 1 year postoperatively, and the main postoperative complication was compensatory hyperhidrosis (40%). For the radiofrequency ablation group, the mean operative time was 55 min, the mean length of hospital stay was 20.64 h, the mean sweating scale decreased from 3.29 preoperatively to 1.57 1 year postoperatively, and the main postoperative complication was recurrence of hyperhidrosis (27%).

Conclusion

Thoracoscopic excision is more effective than radiofrequency ablation of the sympathetic chain in improving palmar hyperhidrosis. However, it has a higher risk of developing compensatory hyperhidrosis.
Prevalence, causes, and chest sonographic findings of bronchiectasis among admitted patients in tertiary care hospital: 10 years’ experience
Authors: Mohamed-Hussein Aliae , Makhlouf Hoda
Published: July 2020

Background

Bronchiectasis may be associated and/or co-exist with respiratory diseases as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or non-respiratory diseases. However, data about this association and/or co-existence is little. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of bronchiectasis among admitted patients in the Chest Department in 10 years’ period (2008–2018) and to detect associated and/or co-existent respiratory diseases. In a retrospective cohort study, the diagnosis of bronchiectasis was based on chest HRCT. Data included the total number of hospitalized patients during this period, their final diagnosis, co-existing diagnosis associated with bronchiectasis, and sonographic and spirometric findings.

Results

The total number of patients admitted in 2008–2018 was 17,531 patients. The prevalence of bronchiectasis during this period was 9.04%. COPD was the commonest suspected cause (54.1%) followed by post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis (17.1%). On admission, 63.7% had acute type 2 respiratory failure, 21.1% had decompensated cor pulmonale, 3.8% required mechanical ventilation (MV), and 1.3% required non-invasive MV. On discharge, 9.9% required long-term oxygen therapy. The presence of B lines in chest ultrasonography was recorded in 68.2% and air bronchogram in 29.1%.

Conclusions

The prevalence of bronchiectasis among admitted patients was still increasing. COPD with bronchiectasis accounted for more than half of cases. More researches are needed to identify the impact of the COPD-bronchiectasis phenotype.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04101448
Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Reduces Bone Resorption in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Christensen Mikkel B , Lund Asger B , Jørgensen Niklas R , Holst Jens J , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K
Published: July 2020

Context

In healthy individuals, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) enhances insulin secretion and reduces bone resorption by up to 25% estimated by absolute placebo-corrected changes in carboxy-terminal type 1 collagen crosslinks (CTX) during GIP and glucose administration. In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), GIP’s insulinotropic effect is impaired and effects on bone may be reduced.

Objective

To investigate GIP’s effect on bone biomarkers in patients with T2D.

Design

Randomized, double-blinded, crossover study investigating 6 interventions.

Patients

Twelve male patients with T2D.

Interventions

A primed continuous 90-minute GIP infusion (2 pmol/kg/min) or matching placebo (saline) administered at 3 plasma glucose (PG) levels (i.e., paired days with “insulin-induced hypoglycemia” (PG lowered to 3 mmol/L), “fasting hyperglycemia” (mean PG ~8 mmol/L), or “aggravated hyperglycemia” (mean PG ~12 mmol/L).

Main Outcome Measures

Bone biomarkers: CTX, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and PTH.

Results

On days with insulin-induced hypoglycemia, CTX was suppressed by up to 40 ± 15% during GIP administration compared with 12 ± 11% during placebo infusion (P < 0.0001). On days with fasting hyperglycemia, CTX was suppressed by up to 36 ± 15% during GIP administration, compared with 0 ± 9% during placebo infusion (P < 0.0001). On days with aggravated hyperglycemia, CTX was suppressed by up to 47 ± 23% during GIP administration compared with 10 ± 9% during placebo infusion (P = 0.0005). At all glycemic levels, P1NP and PTH concentrations were similar between paired days after 90 minutes.

Conclusions

Short-term GIP infusions reduce bone resorption by more than one-third (estimated by absolute placebo-corrected CTX reductions) in patients with T2DM, suggesting preserved bone effects of GIP in these patients.

Précis

Short-term GIP infusions reduce the bone resorption marker CTX by one-third in patients with type 2 diabetes independent of glycemic levels.
Pictorial review of whole body MRI in myeloma: emphasis on diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Hameed Maira , Sandhu Amandeep , Soneji Neil , Amiras Dimitri , Rockall Andrea , Messiou Christina , Wallitt Kathryn , Barwick Tara D
Published: July 2020

There have been major advances in myeloma imaging over the past few years with focal lesions on imaging now forming part of the disease defining criteria. Whole body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-MRI) is considered the most sensitive technique for the detection of focal active lesions. This pictorial review will focus on imaging the spectrum of myelomatous disorders on WB-MRI including diffusion and Dixon sequences. The typical imaging patterns of disease are demonstrated including in the contexts of staging, presumed solitary plasmacytoma, smouldering myeloma and examples of paramedullary and extramedullary disease. The utility of diffusion-weighted imaging in response assessment is a major advantage and this will be exemplified here.
Applying synthetic radiography to intraoral tomosynthesis: a step towards achieving 3D imaging in the dental clinic
Authors: Puett Connor , Inscoe Christina R , Hilton Robert L , Regan Anderson Michael W , Perrone Lisa , Puett Savannah , Gaalaas Laurence R , Platin Enrique , Lu Jianping , Zhou Otto
Published: July 2020

Objectives:

A practical approach to three-dimensional (3D) intraoral imaging would have many potential applications in clinical dentistry. Stationary intraoral tomosynthesis (sIOT) is an experimental 3D imaging technology that holds promise. The purpose of this study was to explore synthetic radiography as a tool to improve the clinical utility of the images generated by an sIOT scan.

Methods:

Extracted tooth specimens containing either caries adjacent to restorations (CAR) or vertical root fractures (VRF) were imaged by sIOT and standard dental radiography devices. Qualitative assessments were used to compare the conspicuity of these pathologies in the standard radiographs and in a set of multi-view synthetic radiographs generated from the information collected by sIOT.

Results:

The sIOT-based synthetic 2D radiographs contained less artefact than the image slices in the reconstructed 3D stack, which is the conventional approach to displaying information from a tomosynthesis scan. As a single sIOT scan can be used to generate synthetic radiographs from multiple viewing angles, the interproximal space was less likely to be obscured in the synthetic images compared to the standard radiograph. Additionally, the multi-view synthetic radiographs can potentially improve the display of CAR and VRFs as compared to a single standard radiograph.

Conclusions:

This preliminary experience combining synthetic radiography and sIOT in extracted tooth models is encouraging and supports the ongoing study of this promising approach to 3D intraoral imaging with many potential applications.
Dlaczego nadal myślę o wojnie?
Authors: Nowak Justyna
Published: July 2020

Why Am I Still Thinking about World War II? Post-memory Experience of Sacha Batthyany Sacha Batthyany found out that in 1945 his aunt hosted a ball during which 180 Jews were shot by her guests. Their mass grave has not been found until today. She also helped many Nazis escape from Hungary. Sacha’s family kept these stories secret for years. For Sacha, the discovery of his family’s past becomes the beginning of a new life, recognizing the tormenting feeling of guilt as inherited from his ancestors. Can we define the sense of guilt as traumatic? We can certainly try to do it. Yet, trauma assumes different shapes and reveals its huge interpretative potential.
7 Babykillers czy ofiary systemu?
Authors: Gruszczyk Aleksandra
Published: July 2020

7 Babykillers or System Victims? Fight for the Shape of Social Memory on the Example of American Involvement in the Vietnam War Social trauma is a result of a collusion between the individual experience of trauma and the culture-mediated process of communal creation, negotiation and structuring of meaning. It emerges from the process of communalisation of individual trauma: when individual trauma becomes an experience shared originally by a ‘carrier group’ and later on spreads throughout whole societies. As a communal experience trauma alienates from their carriers by means of cultural media and their products. In the form of cultural artifacts, such as movies or books, it transforms into a Durkheimian social fact. The inability to negate it ultimately forces the society to engage in negotiations of meaning, resulting in either a refutation or an inclusion of the carrier group’s trauma into the wider social identity. The act of emergence of social trauma can be defined as a complex, multilayered process of continuous expansion of the intersubjective field. The history of American engagement in the Vietnam war and the society’s reaction to it serves as an informative example of this process.
O czym pamiętać, pytając o rzeczy trudne?
Authors: Żaliński Adam
Published: July 2020

What to Remember When Asking About Difficult Issues? Some Remarks on the Methodology of Sensitive Research Dealing with sensitive topics in social science research has a distinct and well established tradition, and post-memory studies may fall into this category as well. The paper focuses on practical issues connected to qualitative interviewing on sensitive topics. In detail, it bridges the gap between psychological literature and practice, primarily counselling psychology, and scholarship on sensitive topics present in many areas of sociology. The main problems that a researcher may face while conducting interviews on sensitive issues lay in or are connected to the structure of the interview, the resistance of the informant as well as the authenticity and personal communication competences. Attention is devoted to ethical issues present in this category of research.
Exílio, tolerância e escrita da história a partir da trajetória de Pierre Bayle (1647-1706)
Authors: Schwengber Jacson
Published: July 2020

Este artigo propõe abordar a trajetória intelectual de Pierre Bayle em seu exílio nas Províncias Unidas, nas últimas décadas do século XVII. Nesta época foi estabelecida uma querela historiográfica entre protestantes e católicos em torno da interpretação dos eventos das Guerras de Religião. Com a Revogação do Édito de Nantes, muitos huguenotes rumaram para o refúgio na Holanda. Foi de lá, que tiveram que encontrar meios de construir sua versão a respeito do passado da Reforma. Com este estudo, procura-se mapear quais foram as condições que Bayle encontrou no refúgio para produzir seus textos. O intuito é buscar entender qual a relação entre a experiência do exílio, a escrita da história e a defesa da tolerância a partir dos trabalhos deste autor.
Retornando a nossas Raízes: as ressonâncias do pensamento de García Calderón sobre a obra Raízes do Brasil de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda
Authors: Senra Iara Andrade
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo analisa algumas possíveis ressonâncias que a obra Ideas y Impresiones  (1919)  de García Calderón teve sobre Raízes do Brasil (1936), de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. Enfatizar-se-á dois pontos: a) a centralidade que Calderón reservou à questão da originalidade, ponto retomado e intensamente discutido por Buarque; b) a discussão sobre o idealismo espanhol desenvolvido por Calderón, análise que ofereceria os andaimes discursivos para Buarque conformar os tipos: Semeador e Ladrilhador. Além das fontes principais - Ideas y Impresiones e Raízes do Brasil – retrocedemos um pouco, selecionando obras anteriores de ambos os autores – Las Democracias Latinas de América (1912) e Originalidade Literária (1920) a fim de melhor compreender o pensamento de cada um e melhor identificar as contribuições de Calderón sobre Buarque.
Ironia e leitor do texto literário: uma investigação a partir de The Screwtape Letters, de C. S. Lewis
Authors: Scutari Pâmela Rodrigues
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho propõe-se a abordar e discutir os conceitos básicos da ironia e suas funções sobre o leitor, e o papel desse na interpretação de uma obra literária irônica, a qual permite pluralidade de significados. Este estudo se dá a partir de fundamentos teóricos de Muecke (1995), Hutcheon (1985, 2000), e Eco (1968, 2004 e 2011), e de análise da ficção epistolar satírica The Screwtape Letters (1942), de C. S. Lewis. Constata-se, assim, que a abertura da obra, seu aspecto plural, e características, efeitos e funções da ironia sobre o receptor oferecem-lhe diversas possibilidades na cooperação interpretativa e na recepção do texto literário.
O documentário: um gênero discursivo no ensino de língua portuguesa
Authors: Da Silva Maraisa Daiana
Published: July 2020

O ensino de Língua Portuguesa se fundamenta na concepção de linguagem como interação social e tem por objetivo levar para o ambiente escolar as diferentes linguagens que se constituem nas mais diversas situações de interação. Compreende-se então que a língua se constitui nas diferentes esferas de comunicação por meio dos gêneros discursivos, conforme as teorias bakhtinianas. Nessa direção, esse artigo busca articular o documentário como gênero discursivo, o qual pode contribuir para o ensino de Língua Portuguesa. Dessa forma, ancorado pelo círculo de Bakhtin, este artigo parte da definição de Gêneros Discursivos, transita pelas teorias do cinema, mais especificamente do documentário, objetivando apresentá-lo como um gênero discursivo, para, por fim, discutir suas potencialidades no ensino. A partir do levantamento bibliográfico realizado, considera-se que o gênero documentário, como gênero segundo, possibilita a prática pedagógica, no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de “Língua Portuguesa”, viabilizando ao aluno estabelecer relações entre língua, cultura, arte, história e realidade.
A semântica nos estudos do português brasileiro
Authors: Constancio Felipe De Andrade
Published: July 2020

Trata-se de uma resenha sobre a obra História semântica do português brasileiro (2020), recém-publicada pela Editora Contexto.
Entre os muros da escola e da universidade: discutindo o ensino de língua portuguesa e de literatura com a professora Marli Hermenegilda Pereira
Authors: Pereira Marli Hermenegilda , Araújo Everaldo Lima de , Lopes Thiago Wallace Rodrigues dos Santos , Mendes Thales Sant’Ana Ferreira , Santos Brigida Marcela
Published: July 2020

Marli Hermenegilda Pereira possui graduação em Letras pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), mestrado e doutorado em Linguística também por essa Universidade. Atualmente é professora associada da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), atuando no curso de Letras, na área de Língua Portuguesa. É também professora do Mestrado Profissional em Letras (ProfLetras), do qual é vice-coordenadora. Tem experiência na área de variação linguística, atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas: ordenação de orações temporais, conectores temporais e ensino de língua portuguesa, com pesquisas e orientações que abordam variação linguística, gramaticalização, ensino de escrita e de oralidade. É autora de artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais e coautora dos livros Descrição e ensino de língua portuguesa: temas contemporâneos; Letramentos e multiletramentos na escola: teorias e práticas; Pesquisa e ensino: parceria ou dicotomia?; Futuro em letras: reflexões e estratégias de formação de professores na área de letras; e Estudos de processos de gramaticalização em português: metodologias e aplicações. Ao longo do mês de junho, em meio a um contexto adverso, pandêmico, a professora Marli gentilmente se prontificou a conceder, via e-mail, esta entrevista à Palimpsesto. Nessa entrevista, discutiram-se questões de ensino de Língua Portuguesa e de Literatura, assim como aspectos da formação inicial do futuro docente nessa área, passando pela atual conjuntura universitária, dentre outras questões.
Estudio epidemiológico de un brote de casos con síntomas irritativos en trabajadores del laboratorio de microbiología y análisis clínicos en un hospital público de tercer nivel
Authors: Ramada José María , Beltran Fonollosa Ana , Serra Consol , G. Benavides Fernando
Published: July 2020

Antecedentes: En abril de 2018 se detectó un número inusualmente elevado de síntomas irritativos, digestivos y mareos en trabajadores de los laboratorios de microbiología (LAM) y análisis clínicos (LAC) de un hospital de tercer nivel de Mallorca, asociados a olores también inhabituales. Objetivo: Confirmar la existencia del brote, identificar sus causas, y contribuir a su control y prevención. Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico del brote con componentes cualitativo y cuantitativo. El primero se basó en Grupos Focales (GF). El estudio cuantitativo permitió elaborar las curvas epidémicas, basándose en las visitas de los trabajadores al Servicio de Salud Laboral (SSL) y los episodios de incapacidad temporal (IT). Finalmente, se revisaron los informes higiénicos disponibles, valorando las posibles relaciones con la distribución de los casos. Resultados: Mediante los GF se establecieron dos definiciones operativas de caso y se identificación las posibles explicaciones del brote según las percepciones de los trabajadores. El estudio cuantitativo confirmó la existencia de un brote en el LAM, descartándolo en el LAC. Los episodios de IT en el LAM entre las semanas 16 y 39 excedieron en cuatro veces el número de casos esperados. El número de visitas al SSL también mostró un exceso de casos en las mismas semanas. Conclusiones: El estudio cuantitativo confirma la existencia de un brote epidémico que ha finalizado, si bien el estudio cualitativo pone de manifiesto la continuación de los malos olores y molestias. La mejora de los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica facilitará la monitorización y control de otros posibles brotes en el futuro.
Estrés postraumático en trabajadores de salud expuestos a COVID-19
Authors: Iglesias Sebastian
Published: July 2020

Sr. Director recientemente se publicó el estudio titulado “Revisión sistemática sobre la reducción de efectos emocionales negativos en trabajadores del área de emergencias y catástrofes mediante técnicas de catarsis” que tiene como objetivo evaluar la heterogeneidad existente en la aplicación de técnicas de catarsis en los trabajadores que atienden situaciones de emergencia y el trastorno de estrés postraumático1 hemos decido comentar sus conceptos en el contexto actual de la pandemia COVID-19. El trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) es una enfermedad mental crónica que generalmente se desarrolla después de estar expuesto a un trauma severo, está relacionado con recuerdos intrusivos, sueños angustiantes, estados de ánimo negativos, etc.; se estima que aproximadamente el 6% de personas expuestas a un trauma llegan a desarrollar TEPT.2 A causa de la pandemia de COVID-19 hay una alta prevalencia de trastorno de estrés postraumático en las áreas más afectadas de China y teniendo en cuenta que la epidemia sigue siendo el centro de atención en las redes sociales y medios de comunicación y el incremento de la cuarentena hace creer que la prevalencia de TEPT seguirá en aumento en las áreas más afectadas por esta enfermedad.3
Siniestralidad laboral en clave de género
Authors: García González Guillermo , Fontaneda González Ignacio
Published: July 2020

Entrevista con Ignacio Fontaneda González
Jung and the Importance of Religious Experience: the Therapeutic Effect of Inner Experience through Sandplay Therapy
Authors: Jung Byungho
Published: July 2020

Jung saw religious experiences as the most important human factor and introduced us to the psychological and ontological values of these religious experiences. Jung’s profound psychological insights helped religious people take a new perspective on their religious life. This paper focuses on Jung’s interest in various religious areas, including understanding of Christianity, the relationship between Christianity and shadow, and the relationship between psychotherapy and religious sanctification. Among the many psychotherapeutic approaches that Jung Psychology utilizes, sand play therapy has been developed based on a deep understanding of the collective unconsciousness and ego conscious development process. Through clinical case study, this researcher analyzed on how sand play therapy affected the client’s religious maturation process. Sandplay therapy provides a window through which change and integration of the mental structure can be seen. As a result, it helps us to experience the symbolically expressed self and to integrate unfulfilled areas, which contributes to the sanctification process and provides insights for us to see life in abundance and depth.
Vertically tapered waveguide spot size converters fabricated via a linewidth controlled grey tone lithography for InP-based photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Salehzadeh O. , Vachon M. , Sabourin N. , Janz S. , SpringThorpe A. J.
Published: July 2020

We report a novel and simple fabrication process to realize vertically tapered spot size converters (SSC) on InP photonic integrated circuits. The vertical tapering was achieved via a linewidth controlled local optical dose variation, leading to a grey tone photoresist profile. The fabricated SSCs are compact, polarization insensitive and demonstrate a very high mode conversion efficiency of 95%. Integrated SSCs improved the overall loss by 5 dB giving a coupling loss as low as 1.3 dB/facet, for a lensed fibre with a mode field diameter of 3.0 µm. A good agreement was found between the fibre-to-fibre optical loss measurements and those predicted from simulations.
Diagnosis of modal and chromatic dispersions for the LP01 and LP11 modes through temporal decomposition by means of Fourier transform
Authors: Shibata Nori , Watanabe Kimitaka , Ohashi Masaharu , Maruyama Ryo , Aikawa Kazuhiko
Published: July 2020

We provide a novel approach for estimating the modal and chromatic dispersions of the

L
P

01

and

L
P

11

modes traversing a two-mode fiber (TMF). A modal interferometer is used to measure the differential group delay (DGD) and chromatic dispersion for the two modes in the 1260–1360 nm telecommunication band. The measurement principle is based on an investigation of a transmitted spectrum through temporal decomposition by means of a Fourier transform. The diagnosis of the DGD and chromatic dispersion for the two modes is discussed theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results obtained here exactly match those obtained previously. The salient feature of the present method is that the modal interferometer configuration makes it possible to measure both the DGD and chromatic dispersion and also estimate the shape of optical pulses traversing a TMF.
Single molecule light field microscopy
Authors: Sims Ruth R. , Abdul Rehman Sohaib , Lenz Martin O. , Benaissa Sarah I. , Bruggeman Ezra , Clark Adam , Sanders Edward W. , Ponjavic Aleks , Muresan Leila , Lee Steven F. , O’Holleran Kevin
Published: July 2020

We introduce single molecule light field microscopy (SMLFM), a new class of three-dimensional (3D) single molecule localization microscopy. By segmenting the back focal plane of a microscope objective with an array of microlenses to generate multiple 2D perspective views, the same single fluorophore can be imaged from different angles. These views, in combination with a bespoke fitting algorithm, enable the 3D positions of single fluorophores to be determined from parallax. SMLFM achieves up to 20 nm localization precision throughout an extended

6

µ

m

depth of field. The capabilities of SMLFM are showcased by imaging membranes of fixed eukaryotic cells and DNA nanostructures below the optical diffraction limit.