bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aberrant activation of Wnt/catenin signaling and overexpression of ABCG2 contributes to apoptosis down regulation and tumor progression of high grade ovarian cancer
Authors: Gui Zhaohua , Yan Hong , Wu Jinfeng , Zhang Mingxun , Wu Airan , He Jie
Published: February 2021

Side Population (SP) cells are the small pool of CSC like progenitor cells, which are drug resistant and recapitulate tumor generation. The occurrence of SP cells is the major inference for attaining a better treatment and improved patient survival. In this work, we have isolated 6% SP cells from a high grade ovarian carcinoma. Our functional characterization of SP cells revealed that elevated ABCG2 and anti-apoptotic factors contribute to chemoresistance and increased life span of SP cells. Further, the overexpression of surface antigens, such as CD133 and CD117 in SP cells, are the key driving forces for high clonogenic and invasion properties of SP cells. More importantly, we found by RT-PCR aberrant activation and upregulation of Wnt/ β-catenin and its downstream targeting genes, such as DKK1 and AXIN2 in SP cells. These findings suggest that development of new anticancer drugs which target Wnt/β-catenin signaling might effectively exterminate the SP cells and aid in disease free survival.
CONTRIBUIÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES REGENTES DO 1° AO 5° ANO, NO ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM DOS ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Pereira Kassia Vargas , Baumer Édina Regina
Published: February 2021

Este estudo apresenta as contribuições dos professores regentes de 1° ao 5° ano de uma escola municipal de São João do Sul, no processo de ensino aprendizagem dos alunos com deficiência. A partir do problema estabelecido foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com quatro professoras as quais respondem aos objetivos específicos: identificar o número de alunos com deficiência; verificar como o professor conduz o ensino aprendizagem dos alunos com deficiência; apontar as estratégias avaliativas utilizadas pelo professor para os alunos com deficiência. Os dados foram coletados através de uma pesquisa de campo, em uma escola municipal de São João do Sul/SC, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com quatro professoras regentes de turma. A abordagem foi qualitativa. O referencial teórico envolveu documentos legais e autores preocupados com a inclusão da pessoa com deficiência, na escola e na vida em geral. Destaca-se dentre as políticas públicas, a LDB n. 9.394/96 e o Estatuto da pessoa com deficiência, aprovado em 2015. A pesquisa revelou o quanto cada professora entrevistada está preocupada com a aprendizagem dos alunos com deficiência e como elas trabalham em prol do ensino dos alunos com deficiência, preocupadas não exclusivamente com o conteúdo que é cobrado, mas sim com seu desenvolvimento, de fazer com que aquelas crianças possam adquirir conhecimentos que possam ser úteis para a vida deles, aprendizado que realmente é importante para uma vida digna.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Professora. Aluno com deficiência. Inclusão escolar.
MULHERES NEGRAS COMO GESTORAS ESCOLARES NA REDE PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO DE CRICIÚMA
Authors: Camilo Natalya Costa , Silva Alex Sander da
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa sobre o processo de quatro mulheres negras a frente de uma gestão escolar. Sendo assim, buscou-se por meio desta pesquisa, responder à seguinte problemática: Quais as dificuldades ou limitações enfrentadas na gestão por professoras negras? O objetivo geral se constituiu em: Analisar as dificuldades ou limitações na gestão, relatadas por gestoras professoras negras. Seguido dos objetivos específicos que foram: identificar gestoras negra na rede municipal de ensino; estudar sobre a gestão escolar, suas definições e principais características; analisar na fala de professoras negras as principais dificuldades e limitações no exercício da gestão escolar. A abordagem metodológica foi qualitativa com a utilização questionário encaminhado para as gestoras por meio de e-mail. Ao longo dos dados coletados através dos questionários com as gestoras negras da educação municipal de Criciúma, analisou- se os desafios que as gestoras como mulheres negras precisam provar diariamente aos que estão a sua volta que são capazes de exercer tal cargo como gestoras escolares.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Gestão escolar; Mulher negra; Desafios; Educação étnica racial.
Ernst Jandls poetisches Konzept der „heruntergekommenen Sprache“ – „den menschen in seiner totalen auflösung zeigen, seinen zeitlebens sich vollziehenden tod“
Authors: Gajewska Anna
Published: February 2021

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem weniger beachteten poetischen Konzept Ernst Jandls, das in der zweiten Hälfte der 70er Jahre entstanden ist. Bemerkenswert erscheinen die Gedichte insofern, als sie die Lyrik des Autors, der als Sprachspieler und Sprachclown bekannt wurde, in einem anderen Licht darstellen. In dieser Reihe wendet sich Jandl der düsteren Seite der menschlichen Existenz zu und drückt diese in Form der „heruntergekommenen Sprache“ aus. Der vorliegende Aufsatz stellt eine Probe dar, den Spuren des lyrischen Ich nachzugehen, das zwischen Auflösung und Affirmation schwankt und sich in kurzen affirmativen Momenten als Ganzes zu behaupten versucht.
Christian Kracht, "Tristesse Royale" und die Möbiusschleife
Authors: Kopacki Andrzej
Published: February 2021

Der Beitrag ist ein Versuch, das Phänomen und Selbstverständnis der Pop-Generation in der deutschen Kulturlandschaft, wie sie sich bei dem „popkulturellen Quintett“ im Buch Tristesse Royale darstellen und zwei Romane von Christian Kracht (Faserland und 1979) mitprägen, analytisch zu erörtern. Die literaturwissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung geht von der Ich-Konstruktion des Erzählers aus und bemüht sich (u. a. unter Hinzuziehung der Begriffe aus der Zeichentheorie Roland Barthes’), das Literarische der Prosa Krachts zu erfassen. Indem die ‚Möbiusschleife‘ als Denkfigur des Quintetts und narratives Modell auf die Erzählweise Krachts angewandt wird, werden deren Struktur, Dynamik und Modi (z.B. Ironie) aufgezeigt und ergründet.
GWDA vs. Duden-Aussprachewörterbuch. Die IPATranskription im Phonetikunterricht
Authors: Lietz Gero
Published: February 2021

In der Phonetikausbildung der Germanistikstudierenden in Polen wird heute neben dem Duden-Aussprachewörterbuch (Duden 2005) auch noch häufig das 1982 in Leipzig erschienene Große Wörterbuch der deutschen Aussprache (GWDA 1982) verwendet. Ziel des Beitrages ist die systematische Darstellung und kritische Analyse wichtiger Unterschiede in der IPA-Transkription dieser Wörterbücher. Studierenden und Lehrenden soll es so erleichtert werden, die Vor- und Nachteile verschiedener Ansätze und Lösungen in der IPA-Transkription des Deutschen besser erkennen, verstehen und bewerten zu können. Das gilt auch mit Blick auf die Zukunft, denn bereits für Juni 2009 ist im Verlag Walter de Gruyter das Erscheinen eines neuen, umfangreichen Aussprachewörterbuches angekündigt.
Rezensionen
Authors: Brandt Marion , Żarski Krzysztof , Czekańska Małgorzata , Kaszyński Stefan H. , Kłańska Maria , Höllwerth Alexander , Czachur Waldemar , Budziak Renata , Grimberg Martin , Schatte Czesława , Kończal Kornelia
Published: February 2021

STÜBEN, JENS (ed.) (2007): Ostpreußen – Westpreußen – Danzig. Eine historische Literaturlandschaft. München: Oldenbourg Verlag (=Schriften des Bundesinstituts für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im östlichen Europa 30). 762 S.
TRABA, ROBERT (2005): ‚Wschodniopruskość‘. Tożsamość regionalna i narodowa w kulturze politycznej Niemiec. [‚Das Ostpreußentum‘. Die regionale und nationale Identität in der politischen Kultur Deutschlands]. Poznań/ Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk. 471 S.
DAMPC-JAROSZ, RENATA / SZEWCZYK, GRAŻYNA BARBARA (eds.) (2006): Friedrich Schiller. W dwusetną rocznicę śmierci. [Zum 200. Todesjahr]. Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe. 261 S.
STRELKA, JOSEPH P. (2005): Ernst Schönwiese. Werk und Leben. Frankfurt (M.) / Berlin / Bern u.a.: Peter Lang Verlag (=New Yorker Beiträge zur Literaturwissenschaft 6). 193 S. 
BIALIK, WŁODZIMIERZ (2005): Die gewöhnliche Trivialität. Zu Sekundärbotschaften und zur Ideologie der En-passant-Aussagen in Heinz Günter Konsaliks später Romanproduktion. Frankfurt (M.)/Berlin/Bern u.a.: Peter Lang Verlag (=Posener Beiträge zur Germanistik 5). 290 S.
RUCHNIEWICZ, KRZYSZTOF / ZYBURA, MAREK (eds.) (2006): Niemieckojęzyczni laureaci Literackiej Nagrody Nobla. Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe. 285 S.
RUCHNIEWICZ, KRZYSZTOF / ZYBURA, MAREK (eds.) (2007): Die höchste Ehrung, die einem Schriftsteller zuteil werden kann. Deutschsprachige Nobelpreisträger für Literatur. Dresden: Neisse Verlag. 354 S.
GANSEL, CHRISTINA / JÜRGENS, FRANK (22007): Textlinguistik und Textgrammatik. Eine Einführung. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht / Westdeutscher Verlag Teutsch (=Studienbücher zur Linguistik 6). 270 S.
GLÜCK, HELMUT / SCHRÖDER, KONRAD (eds.) (2007): Deutschlernen in den polnischen Ländern vom 15. Jahrhundert bis 1918. Eine teilkommentierte Bibliographie. Bearbeitet von Yvonne Pörzgen und Marcelina Tkocz. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. 319 S.
LIPCZUK, RYSZARD (2007): Geschichte und Gegenwart des Fremdwortpurismus in Deutschland und Polen. Frankfurt (M.)/Berlin/Bern u.a.: Peter Lang Verlag (=Danziger Beiträge zur Germanistik 23). 251 S.
RICHTER-VAPAATALO, ULRIKE (2007): „Da hatte das Pferd die Nüstern voll“. Gebrauch und Funktion von Phraseologie im Kinderbuch. Untersuchungen zu Erich Kästner und anderen Autoren. Frankfurt (M.)/Berlin/ Bern u.a.: Peter Lang Verlag (=Finnische Beiträge zur Germanistik 20). 333 S.
LÜSEBRINK, HANS-JÜRGEN (2005): Interkulturelle Kommunikation. Interaktion, Fremdwahrnehmung, Kulturtransfer. Stuttgart/Weimar: Metzler. 201 S.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИНГИБИТОРОВ ГИДРАТООБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ДОБЫЧИ И ТРАНСПОРТА УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ В МОРСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Authors: Китаев Сергей Владимирович , Колотилов Юрий Васильевич , Плотников Антон Юрьевич , Ковалев Адель Ахмедович , Шейхгасанов Шамсутдин Кадиевич
Published: February 2021

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью разработки эффективных методов предотвращения гидратообразования в подводных газопроводах. Быстрому образованию газовых гидратов способствует высокое давление и низкая температура в глубоководных подводных сооружениях, что является одной из наиболее сложных проблем обеспечения работоспособности трубопровода. Основным направлением обеспечения безаварийной работы трубопроводов является поддержка процессов использования ингибиторов гидратообразования при эксплуатации объектов транспорта углеводородного сырья с учетом выделения их достоинств и недостатков. Цель: разработка метода оценки эффективности ингибиторов гидратообразования в процессе добычи и транспорта углеводородов в морских условиях. Объекты: эксплуатационные показатели реализации методов использования ингибиторов гидратообразования с оценкой риска, связанного с образованием гидратов, которая помогает предотвратить закупорку гидратов и обеспечить целостность оборудования. Методы. Для повышения достоверности интерпретации методов применения ингибиторов гидратообразования предлагается использовать программное обеспечение OLGA, которое представляет собой инструмент моделирования анализа перекачки нефти, природного газа и пластовой воды при многофазной транспортировке. Этот инструмент моделирования позволяет визуализировать ключевые аспекты динамических событий, отражающих реальность транспортировки углеводородов. Пакет программ OLGA позволил разрабатывать месторождения нефти и газа в более глубоких водах и дальше от берега, чем это было бы возможно без этой технологии. Результаты. Использование программного обеспечения OLGA позволило рассмотреть существующие методы предотвращения гидратообразования и сделать вывод о том, что технология холодного потока, а также добавление 10 %-го раствора метанола являются наиболее выгодным решением для Арктики по сравнению с другими технологиями и другими концентрациями соответственно.
Challenges in Indian Agriculture
Authors: Selvan Shilpa S. , Wahid Aseeya , Patel Abhishek , Kumar Vijay , Sahu Parmanand
Published: February 2021

Agriculture plays a central role in the economic development of a country. The population of India is expected to reach 1.5 billion by 2050 with a current decadal growth rate of ~ 18%. The review paper is written to highlight the current and future challenges facing the agriculture sector in India. There are various challenges that affect the Indian economy such as food security, soil quality deterioration, water scarcity, lack of proper food storage structures, land degradation etc. Recent pandemic situation has affected the agricultural sectors, will lends to the major changes in the future, which needs to be discussed and planned to meet the future requirements.
The Effect of Groundnut Shells Supplementation on Selected Biochemical Parameters of Confined Indigenous Cattle during Winter Season in the North West Province of South Africa
Authors: Oguttu B.G. Mokolopi J.W. , Mbajiorgu C.A.
Published: February 2021

Background: The use of groundnut shells (GNS) in animal feeding is a common practice in tropical countries and most researchers have evaluated the nutritive values of GNS and their effects on animal performance. They are cheap and widely available in South Africa. However, most communal farmers in Mogosane village lack the knowledge nutritive values of such, and therefore do not use GNS to improve the performance of their cattle. Determination of the nutritional status of cattle is important especially when quantifying the effects of a dietary treatment. Blood metabolite concentrations indicate the animal’s nutritional status and they are commonly assessed in dairy than beef cattle, such that there are no reference values for the blood constituents of indigenous cattle in South Africa, suggesting a need for research in this area. Methods: An eight-week feeding trial was therefore, conducted to determine effect of different levels of groundnut shells (GNS) on biochemical parameters. Forty cattle were used and were allocated into Groups: A, B, C, D and E with eight animals in each group. Treatment group A was given basal diet and water only. Treatment group B was supplemented with 700 g/kg of GNS, C with 1050 g/kg of GNS, D with 1400 g/kg of GNS and E with 1750 g/kg of GNS. Blood samples were collected into anticoagulant free, allowed to coagulate at room temperature for 24 hours and then centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant sera were harvested and stored in a freezer. Samples were collected once a week for eight weeks and were then analysed using Anision-300 Auto-Analyzer system. Results: Significant values were observed in urea and lipase in animals receiving 1050g/kg of GNS and were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher when compared to control group and all other treatment groups, and even for those animals in treatment group E. These significant values found in urea and lipase, on animals receiving 1050 g/kg, confirmed effect of GNS on metabolic functions on animals depending on natural pasture.
Effects of Glyphosate Herbicide on Physiological Parameters of Koi Carp, Cyprinus Carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) Fingerlings
Authors: Sanudi F. , Indulkar S.T. , Adsul A.D. , Pawase A.S. , Sawant M.S.
Published: February 2021

Background: Sub-lethal toxicity bioassay experiments were conducted to determine the toxicity of glyphosate herbicide on Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Koi carp fingerlings with mean length 8.06 ± 0.99 cm were obtained from a freshwater fish seed hatchery of the university. Methods: The fishes were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations i.e. 1/10th (3.6 mgL-1) and 1/5th (6.6 mgL-1) of glyphosate. Oxygen consumption rate, Ammonia-Nitrogen excretion rate, Oxygen:Nitrogen ratio and food consumption rate were recorded after every 7 days for a period of 28 days. Result: Results indicated significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in oxygen consumption in 1/10th and 1/5th of LC50 concentrations. Ammonia-Nitrogen significcantly increased in exposed fishes. Oxygen : Nitrogen ratio and food consumption rate also significantly decreased (P greater than 0.05) in treated fishes. The results indicated that glyphosate had impacts on exposed fish, hence, the need of regulation of its usage to protect non-targeted species and the environment.
Occurrence of Canine parvovirus-2 and Canine adenovirus-1 Infections in Dogs: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Chethan G.E. , Singh Mithilesh , Chander Vishal , . Akhilesh , Singh Degpal , Rajesh J.B. , Prasad Hridayesh , De Ujjwal Kumar
Published: February 2021

Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) and canine adenovirus-1 (CAV-1) are the major viral agents causing enteric diseases in dogs worldwide despite several control measures. The objective of the present study was to investigate the hospital based occurrence of CPV-2 and CAV-1 in dogs in teaching veterinary clinical complex of northern India from August, 2017 to March, 2019. Faecal samples were collected from the dogs with gastroenteritis and screened for CPV-2 and CAV-1 infections by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Simultaneously, data regarding age, breed, sex and vaccination status were also recorded from the affected dogs. A total of 216 faecal samples were collected during the study period out of which 90 (41.67%), 12 (5.56%) and 26 (12.04%) samples were found to be positive for CPV-2, CAV-1 and co-infection, respectively. The analysis of positive samples revealed that the occurrence of CPV-2 and CAV-1 infection was highest in young dogs of the age group 0-3 months (CPV-2=44.44% and CAV-1=33.33%), Labrador Retriever breed (CPV-2=35.55% and CAV-1=50.0%) and unvaccinated dogs (CPV-2=68.88% and CAV-1=83.33%). Sex wise analysis revealed that the positivity of CPV-2 infection was higher in female (51.11%) than male dogs (48.88%) but, no such difference was noticed with respect to CAV-1 infection. It is concluded that the occurrence of CPV-2 and CAV-1 infections was very high in the study region and proper control measures are recommended. However, analysis of large number of samples including those from the field are required for further validation of the study as well as sequential analysis of CPV-2 to ensure the prevalent field antigenic variant of CPV-2 in the region.
A Method for Authentication of Meat by PCR Amplification of Species-specific Markers of Mitochondrial Origin
Authors: Thomas R. , Saikia M. , Singha S. , Baruah Z. , Kalita R. , Saharia N. , Rajkhowa S.
Published: February 2021

Background: Adulteration of meat with their cheaper or inferior counterparts has become a common practice in the meat industry which threatens the feelings as well as the health of the people. Meat adulteration has issues relating to social, religious, economic, and public health. Therefore, it is important to develop simple and reliable techniques for the authentication of species of meat. Mitochondrial markers have been widely used in species identification and authentication as PCR of species-specific markers of mitochondrial origin is relatively rapid, accurate, sensitive and cost-effective as compared to other PCR based assays. The present study was carried out for authentication of raw and cooked meat from different species using PCR amplification of species-specific Cytb and D-loop markers of mitochondrial origin. Methods: In this study, detection of different raw meat viz. beef, carabeef, mutton, chevon, chicken, duck meat and dog meat as well as meat samples subjected to different processing temperatures was done using PCR of species-specific mitochondrial Cytb and D-loop markers. Samples of beef, carabeef, mutton, chevon, chicken, duck meat and dog meat were collected randomly from different locations of the North-Eastern region of India. The meat samples were subjected to heat treatment in hot water (80oC) to have 75oC core temperature. They were also
cooked in steam to have the core temperature of 95oC. The samples were also subjected to autoclaving at a temperature of 121oC and 15 lb pressure. Result: The markers used in this study successfully amplified unique fragments for beef, carabeef, mutton, chevon, chicken, duck meat and dog meat. The sizes of the amplified products were 126 bp for beef, 226 bp for carabeef, 254 bp for mutton, 453 bp for chevon, 256 bp for chicken, 292 bp for duck meat and 100 bp for dog meat. The results were consistent in the meat samples which were subjected to different cooking temperatures ranging from 75-121oC. Consequently, these markers were validated for cross-amplification by checking them with other meat samples and no amplifications were observed in non-target species. The results suggested that all the markers were highly specific for the target species. The simplicity, sensitivity and stability of the assay indicated that this method could be very useful for meat authentication and thereby to detect adulteration.
Bacteriophages: A Potential New Therapeutic Alternate to Antibiotics to Treat Chronic Septic Wounds in Large Animals
Authors: Shukla Sanjay , Nayak Anju , Sharma R.K. , Shukla P.C. , Singh R.V.
Published: February 2021

Background: Overuse of antibiotics is a major problem in the treatment of chronic infections. The antibiotic treatment is frequently non-curative due to emergence of antibiotic resistance, thus alternative treatment is necessary. The natural ability of pathogens to develop resistance is not only a threat to animal health but also leads to accumulation of antibiotic resistance determinants or resistant bacteria livestock products. Phage therapy has been developed as an alternative therapeutic approach against antibiotic resistance microorganisms. Methods: In present study 150 samples of sewage were collected from livestock farm, NDVSU, Jabalpur (M.P.). Bacteriophages were isolated and characterized from the collected sewage samples. “Cocktail” of the recovered phage lysate isolates (ØVS1, ØVS5, ØVS9 and ØVS27) was prepared for assessment of therapeutic utility of S. aureus phages in chronic septic infections. Therapeutic trial was performed in large animals (cattle and buffalo) at livestock farm, Adhartal, NDVSU, Jabalpur (MP.). Pathogens isolated from chronic septic wounds were showing antibiotic resistance but the bacteria were sensitive to phage lysate. Phage ‘cocktail’ was applied topically over the chronic septic wounds as single dose. Follow up of the cases was done at regular intervals (0, 5 and 10 days) which included clinical examination of wound by appearance, status of discharge and formation of granulation tissue. Result: Six animals showed complete recovery (60%) out of 10 animals from wounds as predicted by progressive healing status of wounds till the formation of granulation tissue within 10 days after phage application. Thus, recovery was much higher than the conventional antibiotic therapy normally used for the treatment of chronic septic wound infections in animals.
Ultrastructural Studies on the Thyroid Gland of Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Singh Devendra , Joshi Sanjeev , Thanvi Pankaj Kumar , Choudhary Om Prakash
Published: February 2021

Background: The previously reported information on the ultrastructure of the thyroid gland of the camel is meager as compared to other domestic animals; thus, the present study was designed to provide the ultrastructural features of the thyroid gland in the camel. Methods: The thyroid glands were collected from naturally died sixteen camels (n=16) of both sexes from Veterinary Clinical Complex, RAJUVAS, Bikaner, Rajasthan. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the thyroid gland was done at Sophisticated Analytical Instrumental Facility (SAIF), Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. The standard protocol of AIIMS, New Delhi, was followed for electron microscopy. Result: The thyroid gland of the camel consisted of thyroid follicles comprised of cuboidal thyroid follicular cells. The follicular cells contained a nucleus with heterochromatin concentrated marginally on the nuclear membrane and the euchromatin was well dispersed in the nucleus with well-marked nucleoli. The nucleus of the follicular cell was rounded. The apical regions of the plasma membrane in follicular cells consisted of microvilli, which were numerous, thinner and finger-like in outline. The mitochondria appeared as round, oval, rod-shaped and dumbbell-shaped. The rough endoplasmic reticulum was visible as elongated, irregular, elliptical cisterns. The Golgi complex was well marked and consisted of flattened sacs, vacuoles and small vesicles. The parafollicular cells were found in small numbers and positioned basally between two follicular cells, close to the basement membrane. It can be concluded that the ultrastructure of the thyroid gland of the camel does not differ from that of other mammalian species.
Microbes Mediated Mitigation of Abiotic Stresses in Agriculture
Authors: Bobade S.S. , Dhekane S.P. , Salunke P.A. , Mane S.G. , Dhawan S.S. , Marathe R.J. , Deshmukh R.B. , Phatake Y.B.
Published: February 2021

Background: Crop yields are limited by major biotic and abiotic stresses. Various studies had been suggested that abiotic stresses like drought, flood and salinity play a major role in limiting crop yield. Heavy metal contamination is also a major problem in the agriculture sector. Methods: A pot experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of inoculating bacterial strains on the wheat plant under various stress conditions. The bacteria were isolated and screened from drought, flood and heavy metal stressed soil samples. The selected strains were identified by morphological, biochemical and molecular methods. The ability of Acinetobacter junni S1, Acinetobacter junni S2, Leclercia adecarboxylata and Klebsiella variicola to stimulate the growth of plants were determined by pot experiment using a completely randomized design. The positive effect of isolates on seed germination percent, shoot and root length of the treated wheat plant were recorded. Analysis of soil samples from pots was carried out for evaluation of the presence of macro and micronutrients. Result: The pots inoculated with selected isolates showed a significant increase in pH 7.77, EC 2.11, carbon 0.78, nitrogen 30.83 kg/ha, phosphorus 2.95 kg/ha, potassium 535.32 kg/ha, zinc 0.15 ppm, manganese 0.376 ppm, iron 0.53 ppm and copper 0.15 ppm as compared to control. The chlorophyll content estimation was carried out by using Arnon’s method. The chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll was found to be 14.39, 39.74 and 38.75 respectively.
Maximization of Nutrient use Efficiency and Yield through Application of Biofertilizers in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Singh R.K. , Singh S.R.K. , Kumar Narendra , Singh A.K.
Published: February 2021

Background: The negative effects of continuous use of chemical fertilizers on soil microbiology and agricultural sustainability are well established. The chemical fertilizers load in environment can be minimized by combined application of fertilizers and biofertilizers in crops like pulses which require less fertilizer-N and respond well to the use of biofertilizers. The objectives of the study were to see the effect of different biofertilizers in reduction of total fertilizer use and the response of field pea to combined application of chemical- and bio-fertilizers in terms of growth, yield and NUE. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during 2 consecutive rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at KVK, Chhatarpur, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), India to evaluate the application of fertilizers and biofertilizers on growth parameter, nodulation, nutrient content and uptake, nutrient use efficiency, yield and economics of field pea. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with five treatments in four replications. Treatments comprised of Control, Recommended dose (RD) of NPK (20: 60: 20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ha, respectively) (RDNPK), RDNPK + seed inoculation with Rhizobium @ 20 g/kg seed (RDNPK +R), RDNPK+R+phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 20 g each/kg seed (RDNPK + R+PSB) and 75% of RDNPK + R+ PSB + potash solubilizing bacteria @ 5 kg/ha (75% RDNPK+ R+PSB+KSB). All other practices followed as per recommendation for the region and different observations and indices were recorded by following standard procedures. Conclusion: The application of 75% RDNPK+R+PSB+KSB was found best treatment among all others which resulted in highest grain yield (1682 kg/ha), protein content (23.1%), protein yield (388.5 kg/ha), net return (Rs. 46 623/ha) and B:C ratio (2.94). The nutrient use efficiency such as Partial Factor Productivity (PFP), Agronomic efficiency (AE), Physiological Efficiency (PE) and Economic Efficiency (EE) were also higher under combined application of fertilizers and biofertilizers. Thus, 75% RDNPK along with combined application of biofertilizers (R+PSB+KSB) may be applied for higher yield and return from field pea.
Genetic Component and Vr-Wr Graphical Analysis in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
Authors: Sharma Neha , Mittal R.K. , Sood V.K.
Published: February 2021

Background: To develop a new high yielding variety, it is important to generate utilitarian recombinants and devise an appropriate strategy for selection and advancement of those recombinants. Method: Keeping this in mind, genetic components of yield and its related traits were determined in nine genotypes of blackgram through half diallel analysis using Hayman’s numerical and graphical approach. Conclusion: The estimates of genetic components deduced the role of non-additive gene action in the inheritance of all traits. The Vr-Wr graphical analysis revealed that assumptions laid by Hayman for diallel analysis were seldom fulfilled. Epistatic effect was predominant in all traits except days to 75 per cent maturity. Unidirectional dominance was observed in days to 75 per cent maturity, pods per plants and seed yield per plant and crude protein content. One major gene group was found controlling all traits except days to 75 per cent maturity and branches per plant. These findings can be used by breeders to devise appropriate selection methodology for yield improvement in blackgram.
Does the use of ICT enable easier, faster and better acquiring of knowledge?
Authors: Stosic Lazar
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is to examine whether the use of information communication technologies (ICTs) enables easier, faster and better acquiring of knowledge. The study included 218 students from the College of Professional Studies Educators, Aleksinac, Serbia. A 5-point Likert scale for students has been designed. The scale was made up of 45 claims, and its purpose was to determine whether the use of ICT enhances students' skills. The results of the research show that the use of ICT enables easier, faster and better acquiring of knowledge. Both qualitatively and quantitatively, students' opinions were given and hypotheses were confirmed.
 
Keywords: ICT in education, high education, students' abilities, attitudes of students.
The transition to architecture from a different professional field in profession search
Authors: Aydin Derya Cakir , Akca Y. Berivan Ozbudak , Halifeoglu F. Meral
Published: February 2021

To determine the reasons for choosing architecture as a second profession, this study was initiated with students who already had another profession and continued their education in architecture or graduated from an architecture department. A survey study was conducted with these two groups of students to determine the factors that lead students to architecture as a second profession. This study presents the findings and evaluations on the reasons for choosing architecture as a second profession and whether the expectations are met. The study was designed as a two-stage study and conducted with 33 participants. The first stage investigated their reasons for choosing the first department from which they graduated and why this department did not meet their expectations. The second stage examined the participants' reasons for choosing architecture. Their professions after graduation and their satisfaction with the profession of architecture were also examined.
 
Keywords: Profession search, architecture, Dicle University.
Palynological asemblage of the Synya Formation (Middle Triassic) from outcrops at the Kydz'rasyu River, Bol’shaya
Synya Depression, the Timan-Northern Urals region
Authors: Ilyina N. , Zharkov V. A.
Published: February 2021

The results of palynological study of the Synya Formation (Middle Triassic) in outcrops along the Kydz'rasyu River banks are presented. The published and archival results of previous palynological investigations of the Synya deposits were used as an additional record. It was shown that the species composition of the palynological assemblage (PA) of the Synya Formation on the Kydz'rasyu River fully corresponded to the PA Converrucosisporites conferteornatus — Florinites pseudostriatus and determined the Triassic, Ladinian, age of the enclosing deposits. The results of reconstruction of the growing vegetation testified to the existence of rich and diverse vegetation in the Ladinian Age on the studied territory, where the flora of highly moistened biotopes prevailed.
First find of a potentially new mineral, Na-dominant at M 2-site eudialyte analogue: crystal structure and significance as a marker of ultraagpaitic environment
Authors: Rastsvetaeva R. K. , Chukanov N. V. , Lisitsin D. V. , Van K. V. , Viktorova K. A.
Published: February 2021

A potentially new mineral, M2Na-dominant analogue of eudialyte from the Khibiny alkaline massif, was investigated

using the methods of electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, and IR spectroscopy. The crystal structure was refined to

R = 5.7% in the anisotropic approximation of atomic displacements using 2577 independent reflections with F > 3(F).

The unit-cell parameters are: a = 14.277(1), c = 30.400(1) Å, V = 5328.7(1) Å3; the space group is R-3m. The idealized formula of the mineral is (Z = 3): Na14Ca6Zr3[Na2(Fe,Mn)][Si26O72](OH)2(H2O1.0Cl0.6S2-0.5)(OH,H2O)2.5. Distribution of cations in the M2 micro-region is established: Fe in the flat-square coordination, Mn in the square pyramid and Na in the seven-vertex polyhedron. A comparative analysis of crystal chemical features of eudialyte М2Na-analogue samples from the Khibiny-Lovozero alkaline complex and Ilimaussaq alkaline pluton, Greenland is given. The mechanism of blocky isomorphism with the replacement of IVFe2+ with VIINa in the M2 micro-region is discussed. IR spectra of the М2Na-dominant eudialyte analogue are given: essentially hydrated sample (Na,H3O,H2O)15Ca6Zr3[Na2Fe][Si26O72](OH)2Cl∙2H2O from Ilimaussaq, less hydrated М2Zr-bearing sample (Na,H3O)13(Ca4Mn2)Zr3(Na2Zr)[Si26O72](OH)2Cl∙H2O from Lovozero and low-hydrated sample Na14Ca6Zr3[Na2(Fe,Mn)][Si26O72](OH)2Cl(OH,H2O)3 from Khibiny studied in this work.
The US FDA-Approved Drug Dimethyl Fumarate, an Nrf2 Activator, for Treating Multiple Sclerosis: The Mechanisms of Action Revisited
Authors: ROS Editorial Office
Published: February 2021

Dimethyl fumarate, a potent Nrf2 activator and antioxidant-inducing compound, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a first-line drug for treating relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Two latest studies published in Nat Commun demonstrated that the efficacy of the drug in treating MS may be associated with increased reactive oxygen species production instead.
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Effect of Propofol and Fentanyl on Brain Oxidative Stress after Systemic Lipopolysaccharide Injection in Rats
Authors: Abdel-Salam Omar M.E. , Youness Eman R. , Mohammed Nadia A. , Ibrahim Amr M.M.
Published: February 2021

Systemic inflammation causes brain oxidative stress, a prerequisite for neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated the effect of the anesthetic agents propofol and fentanyl on brain oxidative stress during mild systemic endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin. For this purpose, rats were administered LPS (400 μg/kg, intraperitoneally; i.p.), treated at the same time with different doses of propofol or fentanyl, i.p., and euthanized 4 h later. Other groups were treated with the saline, only propofol, or only fentanyl. Oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined. In addition, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were measured in the brain tissue. Results showed that compared with the saline group, administration of LPS caused a marked and significant increase in brain MDA and NO combined with depletion of GSH and decreased PON-1 and BChE activities. Additionally, the active form of NF-kB was significantly increased in the brain of LPS only-treated rats. Treatment with propofol or fentanyl led to a marked and significant decrease in the levels of brain MDA and NO together with a significant increase in GSH and restoration of PON-1 and BChE activities. Furthermore, lower levels of active form of NF-kB were found following treatment with propofol or fentanyl compared with those in the LPS only group. Collectively, these results suggest that propofol and fentanyl exhibit an antioxidant action and attenuate the endotoxin-induced brain oxidative stress.
Strategic Priorities of Pacific Russia's Development
Authors: Larin V.
Published: February 2021

The article aims to put forward new approaches to encouraging the development of Russia's Eastern regions. Firstly, the author describes Pacific Russia as a specific social and economic territory. He insists that in its strategic planning the government has to take into account not only the region’s vast territory and unfavorable climate, but its economic and social orientation towards Asia-Pacific region. Secondly, the author analyzes underlying causes of previous failures to speed up Pacific Russia’s development. Two factors have stimulated policy towards Russia Pacific: the desire to strengthen Moscow’s control over this region and to ensure Russia presence in the APR. Infrastructure improvement, increase of local population, and a stronger binding of this region to European center were the three main pillars of this policy. Traditional instruments such as administrative and political resources and program-oriented planning have been used. The Kremlin actions to implement its goals have yielded some positive results, especially in the field of Russia’s advance into the Asia-Pacific and its trade with Northeast Asian countries. However, the efficiency of politico-administrative and intellectual efforts was extremely low, and the purpose to make the Far East a Russia’s steady foothold in the Asia Pacific region has not been achieved. Finally, the author claims that from the standpoint of Russia's national interests the development of Pacific Russia region is preferably a strategic rather than an economic project. If Moscow really intends to convert this chronically problematic region into a successful one it has to give up to perceive the region as an appendage of European motherland and to rethink the ideology of its development. Author calls to abandon the idea of socio-economic development of the whole territory of the Far East and to prefer a “zonal development model” with the stress on strategic goals, individual policies for each zone and anthropocentric approach to regional development. Zonal development is based on the recognition of unique functions performed by different territories of Pacific Russia, so these areas should become the subjects of a differentiated policy. Anthropocentric approach means preferential federal investment into human capital, as well as special attention to the local people interests and potential as the resources of Russian policy in the APR. Acknowledgements. The article has been supported by a grant of Russian Science Foundation, project № 14-18-00161 “Far Eastern Resource of Russia’s Integration into APR: experience and potential of regional and border interaction”.
Support of SMEs Exports in USA and EU
Authors: Urumov T.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to consideration and comparative analysis of the governmental support to small-medium enterprises’ (SMEs) export activities in the USA and the leading countries of the European Union such as Germany, France and United Kingdom. This question deserves to be considered because of a number of reasons. Support of exporting activities helps small and medium enterprises to increase their presence in the foreign markets, to find new business partners, and to develop deeper forms of economic interaction. State support is very important especially for those SMEs which either are not very experienced in exporting activities or just enter into the new foreign markets. The author analyses the most important features and particularities of SME’s exporting activities’ support in the countries under consideration. It is pointed out that in the USA there are at least five official institutions that provide a wide range of support to SMEs’ exporting activities. US government pays a lot of attention to enterprises which are only going to enter foreign markets mainly through pre-export support and short-term crediting. According to the author’s conclusions, the European approach to support of SMEs’ exporting activities is somewhat different. Each European country has also several institutes that provide such support. The main point is the priority of the innovative component in the exporting activities of SMEs and of stimulation their technological development. Finally, the author proposes a comparative analysis of forms of SMEs’ export support. Two principal models of national systems of support to SMEs’ exporting activities are described.
NAFTA at 20
Authors: Komkova E.
Published: February 2021

2014 marked the 20th anniversary of the entry into force of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which created the world’s largest free trade area. Now it links 470 million people producing more than 19 trillion USD worth of goods and services. The article addresses five issues: the international importance of NAFTA; the economic transformation that has occurred in the USA, Canada and Mexico since the advent of the NAFTA; a “thought experiment” on what American, Canadian and Mexican performance might have been without the NAFTA; the detrimental effect of 9/11 on the North American economic integration; and what’s next? At the time of its signing, NAFTA in many ways was considered a “gold standard” in terms of international free trade agreements. For the first time ever a free trade agreement brought together both developed and developing countries. It also broadened the scope of traditional FTAs by embracing services, foreign investments and property rights, and recognized the importance of workers' and environmental rights and issues. In terms of trade and investment NAFTA has been an undisputed success. Canada ranks as the United States’ largest export market, while Mexico is its second-largest export market. Today – thanks to NAFTA – North Americans not only sell more goods to one another, they also make more things together. For every dollar of goods that Canada and Mexico export to the USA, there are 25 cents’ worth of US inputs into Canadian goods and 40 cents’ worth into Mexican ones. Regardless of the impressive economic record, NAFTA has its critics. The agreement has not underwent a major update since its inception in 1994, i.e. prior to the rise of electronic commerce and, digital services, advanced manufacturing and many other innovative features of the global economy. As far as there is no political appetite to update NAFTA directly, indirect route is a subject of wide speculation. Canada, the USA and Mexico are negotiating partners to the Trans-Pacific Partnership and any benefits conferred by the TPP that go further than NAFTA would take precedence. It is assumed that the TPP should help to modernize NAFTA commitments and upgrade the North American trade and investment.
IMEMO in Early 1990s (continued)
Authors: Cherkasov P.
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes IMEMO activities in 1992–1993, when in Russia, under the influence of both radical economic reforms and drastic weakening of the central government, a deep political crisis emerged and gained a dangerous traction, fraught with the death of a young democracy and even the collapse of the state. Under these conditions, along with economic issues, the politological research came to the fore in IMEMO – the analysis of the country's new political system, the definition of its development vector. The Center of Socio-economic and Socio-political Research of IMEMO headed by German Germanovich Diligenskii played the major role in this work. Analysts of the Center prepared a number of recommendations for public authorities concerning the creation and development of a new democratic political system in Russia. IMEMO experts paid the utmost attention to the nature of the political crisis that arose in the post-Soviet Russia in late 1991, and the ways to overcome it. In January 1993, the results of the study were presented to the discussion at the Academic Council. It was agreed that one of the main causes of the political crisis in the country was the social tensions worsening, as a consequence of the “shocking therapy” conducted by the government of Gaidar in 1992. In the discussion on the political outlook German Diligenskii, rejecting the possibility of the old command-administrative system restoration, substantiated a probability of transformation of the "market democracy" not yet established in Russia into the "authoritarian monopoly or monopoly-bureaucratic system". Noting the disunity of democratic forces, weakness of the entrepreneurial class, largely dependent on the state, Diligenskii formulated a program for uniting all adherents of “arket democracy” under the slogan of "social liberalism", which would take into account Russian specifics. Consolidation of democracy and market economy in Russia is impossible without preservation of the state territorial integrity and consolidation of the central government, with a clear division of functions and powers of its constituent branches. Monopolization (usurpation) of all power by one of the branches – legislative or executive – should not be allowed. The victory of any of them in any case would mean the defeat of democracy. Such was, in general terms, the position of IMEMO in the face of the 1992–1993 political crisis. Acknowledgement. The publication was prepared as part of the President of Russian Federation grant to support the leading scientifi c schools NSh-6452.2014.6.