bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Equivalent Electrode System for Efficient Charging of Filtration Media
Authors: Abouelatta Mohamed Anwar , Salama Abdelhadi R
Published: December 2016

This paper concerns the influence of moving an auxiliary limiting cylinder in X-Y directions on the electrostatic field and corona onset voltage of the dual electrode system employed in the electrostatic filtration process resulting in a “Tri-electrode” system. The Tri-electrode system is applied in order to control the field around the ionized wire and on the ground plate. Accurate calculation of the electrostatic field is obtained using the charge simulation method coupled with genetic algorithms. The calculated field values are utilized in computing the corona onset voltage of the ionized electrode. Laboratory measurements of the onset voltage of the ionized electrode are applied. It is found that the limiting cylinder controls the onset voltage of the ionized wire such that the ionized wire may be in ionized or non-ionized state without changing the position of the ionized wire itself. The numerical onset voltage values agreed satisfactorily with those measured experimentally. 
A Review on Modulation Strategies of Multi Level Inverter
Authors: Balamurugan Chinnapettai Ramalingam , Natarajan S.P. , Bensraj R. , Shanthi B.
Published: December 2016

This review develop different switching methods for Multi Level Inverter (MLI). The switching methods proposed in this paper are to compare various methods and to predict exact switching method for different application based upon its quality of the outputs.  The performance of the inverter is analyzed with the parameters like THD (Total Harmonic Injection), VRMS (fundamental), CF (Crest Factor), FF (Form Factor) and DF (Distortion Factor). From the various non PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) and PWM methods the analysis are method to identify the exact PWM strategies for specific applications. 
Increased Energy Efficiency in Brazil: an option for a low carbon economy?
Authors: Magalhães Aline Souza , Domingues Edson Paulo
Published: December 2016

Um dos efeitos mais discutidos da atividade econômica sobre o meioambiente são as mudanças climáticas originadas pela acumulação de gases de efeito estufa. Nesse contexto, o Brasil confirmou metas voluntá- rias de redução de emissões e propôs Planos Setoriais de Mitigação. Um desses planos refere-se ao aumento da eficiência energética. Neste artigo estimamos o impacto dessa melhoria no uso de energia sobre a economia brasileira, considerando seus setores produtivos e famílias, assim como o potencial de redução de emissões. Os resultados obtidos mostram a relevância das políticas de eficiência energética, tanto para o crescimento da economia como para a redução de emissões
Metodologia ativa na educação médica
Authors: Carabetta Jr Valter
Published: December 2016

Na escola médica vem ganhando cada vez mais destaque o discurso sobre a necessidade e importância de que a organização curricular e o conteúdo programático assumam uma proposta interdisciplinar, desvinculando-se da organização curricular fechada, estanque, biologicista, com pouca, ou nenhuma, relação entre as diferentes áreas do conhecimento e ausente de uma visão unificada do corpo humano. Assim, partindo-se do pressuposto de que, em qualquer segmento da escolaridade, o conhecimento é uma construção realizada pelo sujeito cognoscente, e que essa construção depende de estratégias de ensino que tornem os conteúdos significativos aos alunos, neste trabalho são feitas algumas reflexões sobre o papel e o valor da metodologia da problematização como dinâmica possibilitadora de um ensino significativo e interdisciplinar.
Pneumomediastino espontâneo (síndrome de Hamman) relato de dois casos
Authors: Perseguim Amanda Bishop , Pereira Douglas Alexandre Rizzanti , Fiori Luciano Bertipaglia , Said Marcelo Manzano , Peres Marcus Vinícius Roncada , Aquino José Luis Braga de
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: Descrever dois casos de pneumomediastino espontâneo na mesma unidade de serviço, em pacientes jovens de sexo diferentes e que apresentaram boa evolução com tratamento conservador. Métodos: O primeiro caso é de um paciente do sexo masculino, 18 anos, com queixa de cervicalgia à direita e disfonia há 2 dias. Negou traumatismos ou ingesta de corpos estranhos, esforços físicos intensos, acessos de tosse e vômitos ou uso de drogas. TC de tórax e pescoço revelou presença de enfisema subcutâneo cervical anterior bilateral, presença de pneumomediastino e ausência de pneumotórax. O segundo caso a ser analisado trata-se de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 16 anos, com queixa de dispneia súbita e mudança do padrão de voz (nasalada). Identificou-se crepitação fina à palpação cervical sugestiva de enfisema subcutâneo. Negou qualquer causa provável de pneumomedisatino secundário. TC de tórax e pescoço revelou pneumomediastino acentuado com extensão para os espaços cervicais profundos. Resultado: Ambos os casos partilham de sinais e sintomas previamente descritos na literatura e tiveram seus diagnósticos obtidos por meio de tomografia computadorizada de tórax. O tratamento sintomático associado a repouso foi eficaz em ambas situações. Conclusões: Pneumomediastino espontâneo pode ser subdiagnosticado devido aos seus sinais e sintomas inespecíficos, contribuindo para seu caráter raro. É importante estabelecer-se os diagnósticos diferenciais e eventos a que os pacientes estiveram expostos. Uma anamnese detalhada acompanhada de aparatos radiológicos permitem o diagnóstico preciso e tratamento correto.
Síndrome de Sézary: um relato de caso com diagnóstico tardio e rápida progressão tumoral
Authors: Araujo Renata Cordeiro de , Leite Luiz Arthur Calheiros , Oliveira Monica Da Silva , Silva Jailson Ferreira da , Correia Cláudia Wanderley de Barros , Santos Josemir Belo
Published: December 2016

A síndrome de Sézary é raro linfoma de células T que compromete a pele e outros tecidos, correspondendo a 3% de todos os linfomas cutâneos. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de síndrome de Sézary que evoluiu com lesões tumorais na pele. Paciente de 46 anos, sexo masculino, deu entrada no serviço de Dermatologia da UFPE com pequenas lesões eritematosas, evoluindo com eritrodermia esfoliativa, e hiperqueratose palmo-plantar. Apresentava 1,1x109/L células de Sézary e foi refratário à quimioterapia, progredindo com múltiplas lesões tumorais na pele. A síndrome de Sézary permanece com prognóstico reservado e curta sobrevida, sendo necessário um diagnóstico precoce.
Contribuições do trabalho de Saturnino de Brito à leitura das águas urbanas brasileiras no final do século XIX e início do século XX e suas repercussões na construção da paisagem urbana e na proteçao dos corpos d’água e recursos hídricos
Authors: Dieb Marília de Azevedo
Published: December 2016

Visando compreender a construção da degradação com que muitos rios urbanos brasileiros alcançaram o século XXI, buscou-se referências que esclarecessem o contexto fluvial urbano na virada do século XIX para o XX. Das obras selecionadas, destacou-se a de Saturnino de Brito pela diversidade de situações abordadas e por seu caráter inovador. Da análise de quatro cidades onde atuou, constatou-se que havia conhecimento cientifico suficiente para ter minimizado os danos aos corpos d’água e que seu trabalho contribuiu para salvaguardar parte desse patrimônio natural para o futuro das cidades.
Ruth Ribas Itacarambi e a trajetória da criação das atividades para sala de aula
Authors: Itacarambi Ruth Ribas
Published: December 2016

Embora tenha formação em Matemática e ampla experiência na área da Educação como pesquisadora aposentada do IME-USP, a professora Ruth Ribas Itacarambi está, desde os anos 2000, às voltas com a multidisciplinaridade, quando passou a contribuir em todas as edições da revista Comunicação & Educação com o “Atividades em Sala de Aula”. Nesse depoimento, que também é uma homenagem por sua dedicação a esse desafio, a professora nos relata um pouco de sua rica trajetória de vida, tanto na educação quanto na luta contra as desigualdades, junto aos movimentos estudantis. E, por fim, ainda nos brinda com um resumo histórico das principais edições e características da revista, desde a sua criação.
Paralelo entre práticas brasileiras e lusitanas de assistir a telenovela contribuem para reflexões sobre papel do consumo
Authors: Antonacci Andréa C M
Published: December 2016

A telenovela e as relações de comunicação e consumo que estabelecem servem de guia para Marcia Tondato e Maria Aparecida Baccega na organização do livro aqui resenhado. O chamado horário nobre (prime time) da televisão brasileira e portuguesa é foco das análises escolhidas. A pesquisa concentrou-se em canais de TV aberta – no Brasil as emissoras Globo e Record e em Portugal, SIC e TVI. Publicidade e teleficção foram estudadas, trazendo elementos que ratificam a importância da teleficção nas sociedades brasileira e portuguesas, bem como o papel do consumo na tessitura social.
Robert Southey, William Robertson e a teoria dos quatro estágios na construção da macronarrativa da história dos autóctones americanos
Authors: Varella Flávia Florentino
Published: December 2016

A proposta deste artigo é analisar como a articulação da teoria dos quatro estágios serviu de pano de fundo na History of Brazil (1810-1819), escrita por Robert Southey, para o exame das populações que viviam no Brasil, rio da Prata e Paraguai. Além disso, busco mostrar a importância da History of America (1777) de William Robertson para a inserção da história americana dentro da macronarrativa da história universal através da circunscrição dos povos originários como moralmente selvagens e vivendo no estágio de caçadores e coletores. O plano explicativo da teoria dos estágios da sociedade, resultado de um grande interesse pela esfera social e pela etnografia, foi concebido como uma tentativa de elucidar a questão de como algumas sociedades tinham atingido a civilização, enquanto outras definhavam na barbárie ou mesmo na selvageria. Nesse horizonte de delimitação das sociedades em bárbaras, selvagens ou civilizadas, a History of America de Robertson foi decisiva para a construção dos povos indígenas americanos como vivendo em um estado selvagem. A abordagem sociológica e etnográfica, baseada na descrição do modo de subsistência e de como esse afetava os costumes e maneiras dos povos, passou a ser prescritiva para explicar o estado da população não apenas da Europa, mas também do Novo Mundo. Southey continuou explorando as maneiras e os costumes dos selvagens, realizando um significativo alargamento dos tópicos e esmiuçando as peculiaridades de diversas tribos sem, contudo, deixar de apontar seus modos de subsistência, que se desenvolviam de acordo com estágios previamente delimitados.
Grupos intermédios: identidade social, níveis de fortuna e padrões de consumo (Lisboa nos finais do Antigo Regime)
Authors: Durães Andreia
Published: December 2016

A análise dos esquemas de representação e do vocabulário social em Portugal demonstrou que, nos finais do Antigo Regime, apesar de estranhas ao enquadramento normativo, a noção de mediania e as visões da sociedade que a incluem estavam difundidas. De fato, existem vários testemunhos de que os autores portugueses e estrangeiros coevos se referem com frequência às camadas intermédias em geral, e ao seu modus vivendi em particular. Partindo de 376 inventários realizados em Lisboa entre 1755 e 1836, propomo-nos analisar os níveis de riqueza, aferir a existência de padrões na composição do patrimônio e formas de consumo dos diferentes grupos socioeconômicos. O presente estudo tem uma dimensão comparativa, uma vez que confronta diferentes categorias, mas o seu objeto central é a análise das camadas intermédias.
Staline avec nous
Authors: Nivat Georges
Published: December 2016

Este ensaio tem como foco essencial analisar a complexa trama política e ideológica que marca o pen-samento filosófico, político e social da Rússia contemporânea. A discussão e o confronto crítico de ideias e reflexões teóricas (divergentes e convergentes, russas e estrangeiras) sobre a história, o pensamento e a sociedade russas norteiam este texto e encaminham a análise para uma ampla percepção sobre os mecanismos ideológicos, que regem, em particular, uma releitura da figura de Stálin e de certos princípios stalinistas (como o patriotismo, por exemplo), operantes nos rumos atuais da história russa. O texto se debruça também sobre a análise de escritores da literatura russa contemporânea, dentre os quais a escritora bielorussa, Svetlana Alexiévitch, ganhadora do prêmio Nobel de Literatura, em 2015.
A morte filológica de Nietzsche: o período pré-homérico e a filologia clássica
Authors: Sabatini Marco
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo, analiso uma possível perspectiva de como, por meio de uma de suas interpretações sobre a antiguidade grega, ou melhor, por meio do que nomeia como período pré-homérico, Nietzsche concebe uma cultura grega insustentável para a ciência de sua época, por falta de provas arqueológicas e filológicas, ao mesmo tempo em que afronta moralmente a modernidade. Com isso, a filologia moderna considera os estudos de Nietzsche como cientificamente mortos, legando-o negativamente à contemporaneidade, sem relevar os pontos positivos de sua filologia e sem crer que ela possua alguma contribuição mínima sobre os estudos da antiguidade clássica.
Como continuar o que inicia: a tripla aporia revolucionária
Authors: Tassin Etienne
Published: December 2016

A experiência de fundação que orienta a ação revolucionária só pode ser compreendida plenamente quando aceitamos seu único aspecto incontornável: o fracasso. Conforme Arendt sustenta na obra Sobre a revolução (1963), perdidas as tradições política e/ou religiosas que outrora sustentavam os empreendimentos políticos da ação, resta apenas o próprio início como princípio e legado a ser preservado e continuado nos atos de fundação. Surge, assim, a aporia moderna de como efetivar uma experiência que tenta sustentar sua permanência com o início do novo.
Liberdade política e cultura democrática em Hannah Arendt
Authors: Frateschi Yara
Published: December 2016

Este artigo analisa o papel desempenhado pelos conselhos revolucionários nas reflexões políticas de Hannah Arendt a partir de Sobre a revolução. Pretendo mostrar que Arendt recorre aos conselhos não para desenhar um modelo de sistema político que substitua o representativo, mas sim para denunciar a restrição da participação nas democracias representativas atuais baseadas no sistema de partidos, em prejuízo tanto do exercício da liberdade política quanto do desenvolvimento de uma cultura democrática.
Hannah Arendt y la “revolución conservadora”: filosofía, revolución y modernidad
Authors: Hunziker Paula
Published: December 2016

El presente texto se propone analizar la crítica arendtiana de la lectura romántica de la ilustración, como se desarrolla en el artículo “What is existencial Philosophy?” (1946), en en tanto una clave de lectura fundamental para entender, no sólo los principios filosóficos de su crítica del existencialismo político, especialmente el de Heidegger, sino también algunos de los problemas que conducen directamente a su obra de los años cincuenta, y que subyacen en ella.
Amor mundi e espírito revolucionário: Hannah Arendt entre política e ética
Authors: Nunes Igor Vinícius Basílio
Published: December 2016

Este artigo delineia alguns contornos interpretativos da expressão “amor mundi” nas formulações teóricas de Hannah Arendt e, principalmente, em contato direto com a obra Sobre a Revolução. O texto acompanha, portanto, as definições possíveis desses três termos – “amor”, “mundo” e “revolução” – na tentativa não só de evidenciar significados ao conhecido emblema político arendtiano, mas também de defender certa conciliação entre a “responsabilidade pelo mundo político” legado aos homens e o “cuidado com o eu moral”. Em poucos termos, a proposta é sugerir uma via de interpretação não apenas política da expressão amor mundi, mas, também, ética e de espírito revolucionário.
Os espaços livres públicos da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (MG): área conurbada do vetor oeste
Authors: Maciel Marieta Cardoso , Silva Natalia Achcar Monteiro , Medeiros Mirelli Borges , Costa Priscila Schiavo Gomes da , Ribeiro Renata Carolina Fraga
Published: December 2016

Este estudo apresenta um panorama geral das pesquisas desenvolvidas pelo Laboratório da Paisagem da Escola de Arquitetura da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais em relação à participação na rede nacional do projeto Quadros do Paisagismo no Brasil. A ênfase está nas discussões atuais sobre os espaços livres das bordas da área conurbada de Belo Horizonte (MG), para a qual já foi desenvolvida a análise do Vetor Norte e, em processo de execução, a do Vetor Oeste. As etapas da pesquisa se iniciam com a revisão bibliográfica e documental, sequenciada pelo levantamento e pela identificação prévia das tipologias dos espaços livres da mancha conurbada, seguida do trabalho de campo para confirmação das áreas e, por fim, a triangulação das informações e os resultados.
Measuring Water Distribution in the Heart: Preventing Edema Reduces Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Andrés‐Villarreal Mireia , Barba Ignasi , Poncelas Marcos , Inserte Javier , Rodriguez‐Palomares José , Pineda Victor , Garcia‐Dorado David
Published: December 2016

Background

Edema is present in many heart diseases, and differentiation between intracellular (
ICW
) and extracellular (
ECW
) myocardial water compartments would be clinically relevant. In this work we developed a magnetic resonance imaging–based method to differentiate
ICW
and
ECW
and applied it to analyze ischemia–reperfusion–induced edema.

Methods and Results

Isolated rat hearts were perfused with gadolinium chelates as a marker of extracellular space. Total water content was measured by desiccation. Gadolinium quantification provided
ECW
, and
ICW
was calculated by subtraction of
ECW
from total water content. In separate experiments, T1, T2, diffusion‐weighted imaging and proton‐density parameters were measured in isolated saline‐perfused hearts. In in‐situ rat hearts,
ECW
and
ICW
were 79±10 mL and 257±8 mL of water per 100 g of dry tissue, respectively. After perfusion for 40 minutes,
ECW
increased by 92.4±3% without modifying
ICW
(−1±3%). Hyposmotic buffer (248 mOsm/L) increased
ICW
by 16.7±2%, while hyperosmotic perfusion (409 mOsm/L) reduced
ICW
by 26.5±3%. Preclinical imaging showed good correlation between T2 and diffusion‐weighted imaging with
ECW
, and proton‐density correlated with total water content. Ischemia–reperfusion resulted in marked myocardial edema at the expense of
ECW
, because of cellular membrane rupture. When cell death was prevented by blebbistatin, water content and distribution were similar to normoxic perfused hearts. Furthermore, attenuation of intracellular edema with hyperosmotic buffer reduced cell death.

Conclusions

We devised a method to determine edema and tissue water distribution. This method allowed us to demonstrate a role of edema in reperfusion‐induced cell death and could serve as a basis for the study of myocardial water distribution using magnetic resonance imaging.
Late Survival After Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Moderately Reduced Kidney Function
Authors: Glaser Natalie , Jackson Veronica , Holzmann Martin J. , Franco‐Cereceda Anders , Sartipy Ulrik
Published: December 2016

Background

The influence of moderately reduced kidney function on late survival after surgical aortic valve replacement (
AVR
) is unknown. We analyzed survival after
AVR
in patients with moderately reduced kidney function.

Methods and Results

All patients who underwent primary
AVR
in Sweden 1997–2013 were identified from the Swedish Web system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence‐based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies register. Patients were categorized according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (
eGFR
). Of 13 102 patients, 9836 (75%) had normal kidney function (
eGFR
>60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
) and 3266 (25%) had moderately reduced kidney function (
eGFR
30–60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
). Mean follow‐up time was 6.2 years. Mortality was higher in patients with moderately reduced kidney function; 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year survival was 76%, 48%, and 25% versus 89%, 73%, and 55% (adjusted hazard ratio [
HR
], 1.28; 95%
CI
, 1.18–1.38;
P
<0.001). Patients with moderately reduced kidney function had a nonsignificantly higher risk of major bleeding (
HR
, 1.18; 95%
CI
, 1.00–1.39;
P
=0.051) and a lower risk for aortic valve reoperation (
HR
, 0.54; 95%
CI
, 0.38–0.79;
P
=0.001) compared to those with normal kidney function. In patients with moderately reduced kidney function, survival was similar in those who received bioprostheses compared to those who received mechanical valves (
HR
, 0.85; 95%
CI
, 0.70–1.03;
P
=0.094).

Conclusions

Moderately reduced kidney function was strongly associated with increased mortality after AVR. These results have important implications for preoperative risk stratification, and suggest that patients with
eGFR
30 to 60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
warrant careful observation after AVR.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02276950.
Accepting Divine Patronage
Authors: Gazizova Valeriya
Published: December 2016

Since the early 1990s, Kalmykia, in common with the other republics and ethnic groups of the former Soviet Union, has been going through a period of religious and cultural reconstruction after decades of the atheistic policy during the communist era. This article focuses on a modern Kalmyk category of religious specialists claiming to have received the patronage of ‘guardian deities’, mostly from the Buddhist pantheon, with the deity the White Old Man being of particular importance. Based on interviews conducted in Kalmykia during 2011 and 2012, this study introduces some of the beliefs and ritual activities of these practitioners, discusses functions they perform in society and offers a description of their initiation ceremonies, with the primary aim of exploring what ‘accepting divine patronage’ implies in the present-day Kalmyk context. The author argues that receiving the tutelage of deities, and hence claiming special healing and visionary abilities, is a proliferating phenomenon in Kalmykia and can be regarded as a distinctive particularity of its contemporary religious scene.
再論粵語“嚟”的語法特點
Authors: Tang Sze-Wing
Published: December 2016

Grammatical properties of the Cantonese particle [lei21], which literally means ‘to come’, are discussed in this paper, focusing on its focus usage (known as lei

1
) and its imperative usage (known as lei

2
). It is observed that lei

1
co-occurs with a predicate nominal which conveys new information. The function of lei

2
is to mark the degree of the resultant state of a continuous activity expressed by the predicate. It is shown that different kinds of [lei21] are in complementary distribution, each of which plays a unique role in Cantonese grammar.

本文討論了粵語助詞“嚟”的語法特點，尤其是集中討論用於判斷句的“嚟1”和用於祈使句的“嚟2”。“嚟1”跟名詞謂語連用，用來引介表示新信息的名詞謂語。“嚟2”對謂語有一定的要求和限制，作用就是說明謂語要達到持續狀態的結果，並強調持續狀態的程度。本文最後說明粵語的幾個“嚟”在語法上呈現互補現象，各自扮演不同的角色。(This article is in Chinese.)
Two new species of Clubiona Latreille (Araneae: Clubionidae) from China
Authors: HE JINGCHAO , LIU XIAOLEI , ZHANG FENG
Published: December 2016

Clubiona Latreille, 1804, comprising approximately 78% of all Clubionidae species described so far, is the largest genus in the family. Of the 476 Clubiona species worldwide, 113 have been reported from China (World Spider Catalog 2016, Li & Lin 2016). However, the diversity of this genus in China is still insufficiently known and several new species have been described in the last few years (Wu & Zhang 2014a; Wu & Zhang 2014b; Dankittipakul & Singtripop 2014; Wang, Wu & Zhang 2015; Wu, Zheng & Zhang 2015). Among several species groups proposed to accommodate the species of the genus (Mikhailov 1995), the Corticalis group is one of the most well known in China, computing 19 species described so far for that country (Wang, Wu & Zhang 2015; Wu, Zheng & Zhang 2015). While examining spiders collected in Yunnan and Hunan provinces, China, we found two new Clubiona species of the Corticalis group, which are described below.
Efficient randomization of biological networks while preserving functional characterization of individual nodes
Authors: Iorio Francesco , Bernardo-Faura Marti , Gobbi Andrea , Cokelaer Thomas , Jurman Giuseppe , Saez-Rodriguez Julio
Published: December 2016

Background

Networks are popular and powerful tools to describe and model biological processes. Many computational methods have been developed to infer biological networks from literature, high-throughput experiments, and combinations of both. Additionally, a wide range of tools has been developed to map experimental data onto reference biological networks, in order to extract meaningful modules. Many of these methods assess results’ significance against null distributions of randomized networks. However, these standard unconstrained randomizations do not preserve the functional characterization of the nodes in the reference networks (i.e. their degrees and connection signs), hence including potential biases in the assessment.

Results

Building on our previous work about rewiring bipartite networks, we propose a method for rewiring any type of unweighted networks. In particular we formally demonstrate that the problem of rewiring a signed and directed network preserving its functional connectivity (F-rewiring) reduces to the problem of rewiring two induced bipartite networks. Additionally, we reformulate the lower bound to the iterations’ number of the switching-algorithm to make it suitable for the F-rewiring of networks of any size. Finally, we present BiRewire3, an open-source Bioconductor package enabling the F-rewiring of any type of unweighted network. We illustrate its application to a case study about the identification of modules from gene expression data mapped on protein interaction networks, and a second one focused on building logic models from more complex signed-directed reference signaling networks and phosphoproteomic data.

Conclusions

BiRewire3 it is freely available at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/BiRewire/, and it should have a broad application as it allows an efficient and analytically derived statistical assessment of results from any network biology tool.
HERDER'S SHEEP
Authors: von Mücke Dorothea
Published: December 2016

This contribution to a set of case studies, titled “In the Humanities Classroom,” focuses on one session of a Columbia University seminar, Aesthetics and Philosophy. The class, comprising a mixed group of undergraduate and graduate students from diverse programs and backgrounds, was assigned Johann Gottfried Herder's difficult 1771 “Treatise on the Origin of Language” for discussion. “Herder's Sheep” details how the active participation of students was ensured, what techniques of communication were used to ensure it, and what the students learned during the discussion.
Genetic mosaics and time-lapse imaging identify functions of histone H3.3 residues in mouse oocytes and embryos
Authors: Zhou Liquan , Baibakov Boris , Canagarajah Bertram , Xiong Bo , Dean Jurrien
Published: December 2016

During development from oocyte to embryo, genetic programs in mouse germ cells are reshaped by chromatin remodeling to orchestrate the onset of development. Epigenetic modifications of specific amino acid residues of core histones and their isoforms can dramatically alter activation and suppression of gene expression. H3.3 is a histone H3 variant that plays essential roles in mouse oocytes and early embryos, but the functional role of individual amino acid residues has been unclear because of technical hurdles. Here, we describe two strategies that successfully investigated the functions of three individual H3.3 residues in oogenesis, cleavage-stage embryogenesis and early development. We first generated genetic mosaic ovaries and blastocysts with stochastic expression of wild-type or mutant H3.3 alleles and showed dominant negative effects of H3.3R26 and H3.3K27 in modulating oogenesis and partitioning cells to the inner cell mass of the early embryo. Time-lapse imaging assays also revealed the essential roles of H3.3K56 in efficient H2B incorporation and paternal pronuclei formation. Application of these strategies can be extended to investigate roles of additional H3.3 residues and has implications for use in other developmental systems.
Patterning of brain precursors in ascidian embryos
Authors: Esposito Rosaria , Yasuo Hitoyoshi , Sirour Cathy , Palladino Antonio , Spagnuolo Antonietta , Hudson Clare
Published: December 2016

In terms of their embryonic origins, the anterior and posterior parts of the ascidian central nervous system (CNS) are associated with distinct germ layers. The anterior part of the sensory vesicle, or brain, originates from ectoderm lineages following a neuro-epidermal binary fate decision. In contrast, a large part of the remaining posterior CNS is generated following neuro-mesodermal binary fate decisions. Here, we address the mechanisms that pattern the anterior brain precursors along the medial-lateral axis (future dorsal-ventral) at neural plate stages. Our functional studies show that Nodal signals are required for induction of lateral genes including Delta-like, Snail, Msxb and Trp. Delta-like/Notch signalling induces intermediate (Gsx) over medial (Meis) gene expression in intermediate cells, while the combinatorial action of Snail and Msxb prevents the expression of Gsx in lateral cells. We conclude that despite the distinct embryonic lineage origins within the larval CNS, the mechanisms that pattern neural precursors are remarkably similar.
Both thyroid hormone levels and resting metabolic rate decrease in African striped mice when food availability decreases
Authors: Rimbach Rebecca , Pillay Neville , Schradin Carsten
Published: December 2016

In response to variation in food availability and ambient temperature (Ta), many animals show seasonal adaptations in their physiology. Laboratory studies showed that thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of metabolism, and their regulatory function is especially important when the energy balance of an individual is compromised. However, little is known about the relationship between thyroid hormones and metabolism in free-living animals and animals inhabiting seasonal environments. Here, we studied seasonal changes in triiodothyronine (T3) levels, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and two physiological markers of energy balance (blood glucose and ketone bodies) in 61 free-living African striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) that live in an semi-arid environment with food shortage during the dry season. We predicted a positive relationship between T3 levels and RMR. Further, we predicted higher T3 levels, blood glucose levels and RMR, but lower ketone body concentrations, during the moist season when food availability is high compared to summer with low food availability. RMR and T3 levels were negatively related in the moist season but not in the dry season. Both RMR and T3 levels were higher in the moist than in the dry season, and T3 levels increased with increasing food availability. In the dry season, blood glucose levels were lower but ketone body concentrations higher, indicating a change in substrate use. Seasonal adjustments in RMR and T3 levels permit a reduction of energy expenditure when food is scarce, and reflect an adaptive response to reduced food availability in the dry season.
Acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas, inovação e competitividade industrial: alguns resultados para a Indústria Brasileira de Siderurgia
Authors: Figueiredo Paulo N. , Pinheiro Maurício Canêdo , Cabral Bernardo Pereira , Silva Felipe Queiroz , Wegner Rubia Cristina , Perin Fernanda Steiner
Published: December 2016

O desenvolvimento industrial e tecnológico é um dos fatores decisivos para que os países avancem para a categoria de alta renda per capita. Não se trata de uma panaceia, mas a história ensina que nações que se desenvolveram industrialmente, por meio da Acumulação de Capacidades Tecnológicas (ACT) para inovação, também obtiveram significativo desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Tornaram-se países de alta renda, transformaram-se em líderes no mercado global e em fornecedores de tecnologia para vários tipos de indústria.Nesse sentido, este documento é parte integrante de um projeto de pesquisa mais amplo sobre o tema da acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas e competitividade industrial no Brasil, que examinou alguns setores industriais, entre eles o de siderurgia.
Frequency of the IGF A/G rs7136446 polymorphism and athletic performance
Authors: Ben-Saken Sigal , Malach Shir , Meckel Yoav , Nemet Dan , Eliakim Alon
Published: December 2016

Previous studies have shown that carrying the minor T allele of the IGF C-1245T polymorphism was associated with higher circulating IGF-I levels, greater muscle mass and improved power athletic performance. The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency distribution of another IGF-I single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), the A/G rs7136446, among Israeli athletes. The IGF A/G rs7136446 polymorphism was determined in 185 short (n=72) and long-distance (n=113) runners, 94 short (n=44) and long-distance (n=50) swimmers, 54 weight-lifters and 111 controls. There were no significant differences in GG carriers, previously described as associated with higher maximal force production, between the athletes and controls. The only statistical significant difference in GG carriers was found between the sprinters (24%) and weight-lifters (9%; p<0.05). Although a single polymorphism cannot determine an athlete’s ability to succeed or fail in sports, the present findings suggest a potential importance of IGF-I polymorphisms mainly to power sports and in particular to speed sport performance.
Increased motivation for physical activity among readers of lifestyle intervention articles
Authors: Tjelta Leif Inge , Nordbotten Gerd Lise , Dyrstad Sindre M.
Published: December 2016

The main purpose of this study was to investigate if readers of lifestyle intervention articles published in a newspaper became more motivated for physical activity (PA). A secondary aim was to chart reader characteristics like sex, age and PA level. In 2014, a regional newspaper with 152 000 readers in Stavanger, Norway followed the story of four untrained adults trying to become physically fit. Their goal was to run an 8.2 km park race after 13 weeks of training. A panel of 623 newspaper readers answered a questionnaire about their own PA level and motivation to increase their PA level after reading the articles. Twenty percent of the readers (127 of 623) reported that they always or usually read the intervention articles, which was equal to the number who never read these articles. There was no significant difference in the distribution of men and women within these different categories. Sixteen percent of the reader panel (estimated to 24 000 readers) reported that they were motivated to become more physically active after reading the articles. The study indicates a great potential for promoting a healthy lifestyle by publishing lifestyle interventions in a newspaper.
The Difference of the Quality Characteristics of Sheperd’s Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) with the Pre-treatment, Freezing and Thawing Methods
Authors: Shin Hye Rim , Park Ji Hyun , Lee Sang Yoon , Park Bo Ram , Han Gwi Jung , Choi Mi Jung , Kim Ha Yun
Published: December 2016

The conditions of blanching, freezing, and thawing for Shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris [L.]) were studied to improve its quality attributes during frozen storage. The washed samples were blanched with water at 100°C for 10, 20, 30, and 40 s. They were then soaked in cold water. The quality characteristics of the samples such as pH, texture, hardness, color value, and total viable cell were analyzed. The samples blanched for 30 s were frozen and thawed under several conditions and their physicochemical characteristics were analyzed. The pH value of raw samples was higher than that of the blanched sample. The values of brightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) decreased after blanching except the L* value of root at the condition of blanching for 40 s. Upon considering the bacterial cell counts, the proper condition was determined to be 30 s of blanching time. Blanching for 30 s was the optimal pre-treatment for minimizing the quality deterioration of the shepherd’s purse for freezing. Regarding its color change and microbial safety, faster freezing and thawing methods made less changes on the quality of frozen samples. Consequently, immersion freezing and radio-frequency thawing were the most effective in minimizing the quality change.
Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Cooked Rice Added with Korean Naked Oat (Avena Sativa L.)
Authors: Lee Mi-Ja , Kim Yang-Kil , Lee Yu-Young , Kim Hyung-Soon , Choi Sik-won , Lee Kwang-Sik , Seo Woo-Duck , Kang Hyeon-Jung , Park Ki-Do
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the appropriate amount of oats to add to rice and the merits of oat meal. We analyzed the physicochemical characteristics, cooking properties, functional components, and sensory evaluation according to the amount of oats added in the cooked rice. Compared with rice, the oat showed higher level in protein, fat, total β-glucan and total polyphenol, but not for starch. Therefore, the amount of chemical and functional components was increased significantly with the increase in the amount of oats added. Water absorption and expansion were decreased with the increase in the amount of oat added. Oleic acid content was increased and linoleic acid content was decreased slightly. Unsaturated fatty acid content was greatly increased. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were increased significantly according to the amount of oats added. As a result of sensory evaluation, the most appropriate amount of oat added was 20% and 30%. By the addition of oat, the β- glucan content of the cooked rice and the antioxidant activity could increase.
Protective Effect of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Powder against Diethylnitrosamine-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Cho Jae-Min , Hong Kyung-Sook , Lee Da-Young , Kim Kee-Young , Ji Sang-Deok , Kim Eun-Hee
Published: December 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a representative inflammation-associated cancer and known to be the most frequent tumor. However, the preventive agents for hepatocarcinogenesis are unsatisfactorily identified. We investigated the protective effect of steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm larval powder (SMSP) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and compared the effect of three silkworm varieties: white-jade, golden-silk, and light-green strains. The mice were fed with diet containing 0.1, 1, and 10 g/kg of three types of SMSP for two weeks while DEN (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 18 h before the end of this experiment. Liver toxicity was determined as serum indicator, histopathological examination, and expression of inflammatory enzyme. Pretreatment with SMSP reduced necrotic and histopathological changes induced by DEN in the liver. The measurement of serum biochemical indicators showed that pretreatment with SMSP also decreased DEN-induced hepatotoxicity, the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In addition, SMSP inhibited the expressions of inflammatory enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. White-jade SMSP showed the most effective hepatoprotective results against hepatotoxicity among the three silkworm strains used in this study. SMSP may have a protective effect against acute liver injury by inhibiting necrosis and inflammatory response in DEN-treated mice.
Comparative Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Bear, Pig, and Cow Biles
Authors: Seo Myung-Ji , Lee Young-Sang , Lee Jae-Won , An Hyun-Joo , Ryu Hye-Kyung , Kim Hak-Kyu , Hong Seong-Hak
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of bear, pig, and cow biles to determine their authenticities for safe food distribution. The main bile acids of bear bile were tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid, while glycochenodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid for pig bile and taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid for cow bile were majorly detected by HPLC analysis. HPLC analysis was effective in monitoring of several samples imported as bear bile if employed to determine the authenticity of each bile. After the analysis of fatty acid composition by GC analysis, the ratio of the oleic acid of bear bile was relatively low compared to pig and cow biles. The ratio of the linoleic acid of bear bile was also similar to pig bile, whereas it had a tendency to be high compared to cow bear. The genetic analysis of the imported bile samples was mostly in agreement with the results of HPLC and GC analysis to identify the origin of imported biles. Finally, this study on the identification of bile origin by physicochemical analysis can give basic information to monitor the origin of biles and further to establish a reliable system for bear bile distribution.
Prediction for Storage Life and Quality of Fuji Apple Stored in a Controlled Atmosphere Container
Authors: Park Seok Ho , Park Cheon Wan , Park Jong Woo , Choi Dong Soo , Kim Jin Se , Kim Yong Hun , Choi Seung Ryul , Lee Su Jang
Published: December 2016

This study was carried out to indirectly predict the storage time limit, hardness, and acidity of Fuji apples in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. A sensor installed inside the CA storage measured temperature, relative humidity, and gas composition data in real time. The respiration rate from five tons of apples in CA storage was calculated to predict the weight loss rate. As a result, the predicted and actual weight loss rate induced a predictable residual storage time equation that showed a significantly high correlation. The apple storage period showed a high reliability (R2=0.9322) because the predicted equation using respiration rate and number of days stored was about nine months for five tons of apples. Furthermore, the hardness and acidity prediction equation were derived from the quality analysis. However, there was not enough analysis sample correlation (the coefficient was as low as 0.3506 and 0.3144, respectively), but the tendency could be confirmed by reduced hardness and acidity. As a result, these quality prediction equations could encourage CA container distribution, effective for agricultural shipment regulation and increasing the ease of operations.
Quality Characteristics of Buckwheat Soksungjang and Factory-style Doenjang
Authors: Kang Kyoung Kyu , Choi Song Yi , Kim Jin Sook , Kim Gi Chang , Kim Kyung Mi , Baek Dong Ryeol
Published: December 2016

This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of buckwheat Soksungjang and commercial Doenjang. We analyzed moisture, total sugar, color, salinity, amino type nitrogen, amino acids, and antioxidant activities. Buckwheat Soksungjang had lower salinity content (7.44±0.10%) than commercial Doenjang (8.82-9.81%). The quercetin content of buckwheat Soksungjang was 0.78±0.01 mg% while commercial Doenjang’s was 0.29-1.16 mg%. The DPPH and content of the total polyphenol of buckwheat Soksungjang (DPPH radical scavenging activity 62.21±0.45% and total polyphenol content 447.51±14.61 mg%) and commercial Doenjang (DPPH radical scavenging activities: 44.07-68.50%; total polyphenol contents: 328.26-407.51 mg%) were both significant.
Quality Properties of Yackwa Depending on Leavening Agents
Authors: Kim Jin Won , Park Sang Won , Cho A Ra , Kim Hee-Ju , Kim Jinseon , Lee Gyeong Mi , Park Juan , Shin Jung-Kue
Published: December 2016

This study aimed to examine the quality and sensory properties of yackwa using baking soda (BS), baking powder (BP), and yeast (YE) instead of alcohol in order to make a Halal standard product. The moisture content of yackwa was the highest when BP was used, while the fat content of yackwa was the lowest at 1.5% BP, and the highest at 1.5% YE. The chromaticity values (L, a, b) were the most similar to those of the control when BP was used. The L and b values increased when BP was used, and decreased when YE was used. The swelling ratio was the highest at 257.3±2.7% in comparison with the control when 0.9% YE was used. The leavening ratio was similar regardless of the type and content of leavening agents. Hardness was 1,179.16±184.45 kg at 0.3% BP, generally decreasing as leavening agent content increased. The resilience was 0.19±0.01% at 1.2% BP and lowest in the control, but its difference by leavening agents was not significant. The taste and preference were at 6.07±2.22 and 5.96±2.07, respectively, when 1.2% BP was used.
Quality Assessment of Sweet Persimmon Over Room Temperature Distribution After Long-term Cold Storage and Antioxidant Activity of Byproducts
Authors: Park Sung Jin , Jo Yumi , Lee Su Bi , Kim Jun Tae
Published: December 2016

Quality assessment of sweet persimmon or “Fuyu” was evaluated over room temperature distribution periods after 40-day storage at 0°C cold room. All Hunter’s values (L, a, and b) of sweet persimmon were significantly decreased after 4-day room temperature distribution while the flesh firmness was drastically decreased after 3-day room temperature distribution. Glucose and fructose contents were significantly increased by the degradation of sucrose after 3-day room temperature distribution. The highest extraction yield was obtained in the flesh of persimmon. Extraction yields of each part of “Fuyu” persimmon were 15.53% for flesh, 10.53 for seed, and 13.83 for flower bud. However, the total phenolic content of flesh was 4.8 μg/mg which was extremely lower than that of the seed (175.5 μg/mg) and flower bud (178.2 μg/mg) of sweet persimmon. With high phenolic content, both the flower bud and seed of sweet persimmon showed excellent antioxidant activities by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging test. The results showed a great potential for byproducts (seed and flower bud) of long-term, cold-stored sweet persimmon “Fuyu” as a good antioxidant material for novel functional foods.
Clérigos medievais: aspetos do quotidiano
Authors: Marques Maria Alegria
Published: December 2016

Através das constituições sinodais portuguesas medievais, hoje conhecidas e da forma como elas procuravam agir sobre as práticas do clero das respetivas dioceses, procura-se perceber as marcas de um quotidiano próprio, em contexto alargado, que englobava tarefas, usos e procedimentos bem além das funções específicas que competiam ao grupo, e que configuram, afinal, um processo de “aculturação interna” na sociedade em que ele se inseria.
Narrar e silenciar o quotidiano. A correspondência de Gabriella Asinari di San Marzano Sousa Coutinho (1789-1821)
Authors: Araújo Ana Cristina
Published: December 2016

Neste estudo analisam-se aspetos relevantes da vida quotidiana e alguns episódios da história familiar de Gabriella Asinari di San Marzano que casou, em Turim, no ano de 1789, com o embaixador português D. Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho. D. Gabriella era uma mulher esclarecida e sensível, descendente de uma das melhores famílias aristocráticas do Piemonte e desempenhou também um papel de primeiro plano no seu círculo familiar e na esfera social e política, tanto no Piemonte como em Portugal, na transição do século XVIII para do século XIX. Depois da Revolução Francesa e das transformações políticas que abalaram a Europa, as suas cartas revelam informações circunstanciais e importantes reflexões críticas sobre a atualidade política.