bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OnE: An Ontology Evaluation Framework
Authors: Banerjee Dipankana , Ghosh Shiv Shakti , Mondal Tarun Kumar
Published: July 2020

A comprehensive set of evaluation criteria, named OnE, for evaluating ontologies has been proposed in this paper. Each criterion of OnE has been defined in a way such that together they are capable of evaluating any ontology from all aspects. The process of using OnE for evaluation has been demonstrated by evaluating chemical ontologies. Also, for this purpose, an ontology on the domain of agricultural chemicals has been constructed by following the human-centric faceted approach for ontology construction (HCFOC) and has been evaluated using OnE. The results obtained after the evaluation has provided insights about the ontologies. The constructed ontology aims to support any information system trying to support farmers in the process of decision making while selecting chemicals for use in agriculture. Also, it is envisaged that the demonstrated ontology and the set of evaluation criteria named OnE will redefine ontology evaluation and make it easy while making a strong impact on ontology developers.
Fehlsteuerungen im Patentrecht
Authors: Ackermann-Blome Natalie
Published: July 2020

Das deutsche Patentsystem steht zunehmend in der Kritik. Angesichts stetig steigender Patentzahlen wird bemängelt, dass deren Rechtsbestand zu lange ungeklärt sei. Patente werden zudem zusehends wie konventionelle Wirtschaftsgüter gehandelt und als Sicherheiten eingesetzt. Sie sind Verhandlungsmasse für Unternehmen und können Marktbarrieren darstellen. Das führt zu einem Ungleichgewicht zwischen Innovationsförderung als eigentlichem Zweck von Patentschutz und Wettbewerb. Das deutsche Trennungsprinzip in seiner jetzigen Form begünstigt zudem strukturell Patentinhaber.

Die Arbeit untersucht die Kritik und arbeitet die Ursachen der aktuellen Schwierigkeiten heraus. Sie spürt Lösungsmöglichkeiten im geltenden Recht nach. Ausgehend hiervon wird ein Lösungsvorschlag auf Ebene des Zivilprozessrechts unterbreitet. Die vorgeschlagene Präklusionsregel lehnt sich an das US-amerikanische Patentrecht an und wahrt die Dogmatik von Trennungsprinzip und Unterlassungsanspruch.
Das neue Business-Intelligence-gestützte Krankenhaus-Controlling
Authors: Drozdzynski Maik
Published: July 2020

Organisations in the healthcare sector have faced lots of challenges since Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) were introduced in Germany in 2002/2003. An important point to realise is that the power of controlling in those organisations has not been as fully unleashed as in other businesses. The greatest challenge is to merge the needs of business administration issues and the latest developments in information technology with healthcare itself. Consequently, the management bodies of German hospitals have come under increasing pressure to align the care of patients on the one hand with economic values on the other. This book shows the management and controlling bodies of healthcare companies a feasible way to overcome the gap between both in order to improve their performance and meet this particular challenge with a modern toolset of business intelligence solutions.
Wahlkampf gleich Schlammschlacht?
Authors: Thelen Susanne
Published: July 2020

Is negative campaigning in German politics a myth? In this book, Susanne Thelen tries to find an answer to this question while analysing the 2017 German federal election, especially the parties’ manifestos, their Twitter and Facebook activities as well as the television debate between Chancellor Angela Markel and her challenger Martin Schulz. For most people, negative campaigning simply involves one person attacking another’s character through ‘below-the-belt’ comments. But negative campaigning can be defined as any true or untrue criticism levelled by one party or candidate against another during a campaign. Attacks can be implicit or explicit; they can be direct or comparative, but they must at least address the opponent in some way. Thelen distinguishes between attacks on personality traits and those on issues. Moreover, she develops a third category relating to nationality, religion and law and order: attacks on values. Thelen provides an overview of negative highlights in previous federal elections in Germany and she compares German strategies with the negativity we experienced during the 2016 US presidential election.
Novel Application of Immunomodulatory Mushroom Polysaccharide (β-Glucan) and Triterpenes for Diabetic Wound Care
Authors: Chen Shiu-Nan , Wu Yu-Sheng , Chen Sherwin , Chang Ya-Chin , Lu Chung-Lun
Published: July 2020

β-Glucan and triterpenes are two important derivative compounds from traditional medicinal mushroom, such as Ganoderma lucidum and Antrodia cinnamomea. β-glucan and triterpenes are considered to have immunoregulatory properties in disease treatment for long years. The immunoregulatory effects are usually activated through some transcription of pro-inflammatory genes and possess immunomodulatory activity. Difficulty in healing wound now is a common condition that occurred in diabetic patients, and the physiological hyperglycemic status of diabetic patients resulting in the wounds continue to produce an inflammatory response. Thus, we hope to use β-glucan and triterpenes for difficult wound healing that possess immunomodulatory activity on the wound micro-environment and stimulate the positive effects on healing. In this chapter, these two important derivative compounds from traditional medicinal mushroom were examined by diabetic mammal’s wound healing models. In these models, the skin wounds’ microenvironment is expected close to diabetic foot, suffering in hyperglycemic and inflammatory status. The results are clearly presented, with the immunomodulatory effects from mushroom β-glucan and triterpenes that involved in modulating the cell-mediated immune system to cause cellular proliferation and further to introduce healing performance of the chronic inflammation wounds.
Photophysical Properties of 4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-Methyl-6-(4-Dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-Pyran (DCM) and Optical Sensing Applications
Authors: Kumar Kanaparthi Ravi , Saha Satyen , Singh Manjeev , M Akhila
Published: July 2020

4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) is, commonly known as red dye, an electron donor-acceptor molecule that exhibits very interesting photophysical properties such as high molar absorption coefficients, tunable electronic absorption and fluorescence emission energies, and high fluorescence quantum yields. Several DCM analogous have been synthesized and explored for various practical applications that include solid-state lasers, organic light-emitting diode (OLED), fluorescent sensors, logic gates, photovoltaics, nonlinear optics (NLO), and bioimaging of cells. In recent years, a significant amount of research work has been devoted for developing optical sensors based on DCM dye for detection of various guest analytes. The first part of this book chapter describes comprehensive photophysical properties of the DCM dye which include the results of steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence studies. The second part of the book chapter summarizes the recent developments of DCM-based optical sensors that exhibit colorimetric, ratiometric, and fluorosensing towards selective detection of metal cations, anions, and neutral species.
Obra abierta: del pensamiento al proyecto
Authors: Domingo Calabuig Débora , Castellanos Gómez Raúl
Published: July 2020

In 1962 Umberto Eco published Opera aperta, an essaydevoted to the analysis of the relationship addresser – addresseethrough the artwork, in accordance with the philosophicalthought of the moment. The transfer to architecture,from a semantic perspective, did not take long to come,and several consequences of this new understanding ofthe discipline can be highlighted in the theoretical and thepractical fields. Driven by the economic and productiveconditions, works were ascribed to a systematic nature ofthe project, where the indeterminacy of form enlarged thestudy of its possibilities. This article analyses this fact throughthree case studies: The Venice Hospital project, by LeCorbusier and Guillermo Jullian de la Fuente, the Universityof Toulouse-Le-Mirail constructed by the team Candilis-Josic-Woods, and the Alison and Peter Smithson’s Kuwaiturban studies and government offices.
Muros de porcelana y vidrio: Arts Santa Mónica
Authors: Rahola Matutes Estela
Published: July 2020

These works with porcelanic and glass walls, as sculptoric pieces, aim to escape from physical nature and immerse into a fluid and weightless world. Their conception moves away from tradition and implies a risky and innovative research process looking for surprising results. The object originates from a question: what does the material mean for an object? If we assume that materials are not poetic by themselves and that their only function is to generate the necessary formal relations within the object, then any material can reach a certain level of quality. Sense arises when materials achieve certain meanings, only perceptible when associated with a specific object in a particular way.

In this sense, sculpture, as well as architecture, responds to a balance between shape and technique. My interest lies in giving value to the dependence between both concepts, it researches the limits of technology and shape. This work represents a personal reflection toward the material in search of its resonance.
The Caetani-Mathews Papers: Introducing René Char to the American Readership
Authors: Salvagni Lorenzo
Published: July 2020

In this article I intend to shed light on the work of Marguerite Caetani, modern and cosmopolitan editor and patron in the context of post-World War II literary history. "Hypnos Waking", the first anthology of René Char's poetry ever to appear in the United States, was published by Random House in 1956. The volume, which pioneered a long series of "Char studies" in the US, was translated by American scholar Jackson Mathews and included works that had been previously published in «Botteghe Oscure», an international and multilingual literary journal based in Rome and edited by American-born princess Marguerite Chapin-Caetani. Caetani's leading role in promoting Char's poetry on both sides of the Atlantic emerges with utmost clarity from the correspondence she exchanged with both Char and Mathews in the years preceding publication of "Hypnos Waking". The study of these letters shows how Caetani used her considerable influence in the literary world to boost Char's reputation and give maximum visibility to his work. In this article I contend that Caetani's interest in Char reveals a deep consonance of aesthetic views, and draw a comparison between his poetry and her editorial philosophy through the cross-disciplinary concept of literary counterpoint.
Wellington 2013 – Tastefulness: Fashion, Food, Lust and Domesticity in Matilde Serao’s "La virtù di Checchina" (1884)
Authors: Calamita Francesca
Published: July 2020

Throughout Western culture the relationship between women and food has often been seen as a metaphor for something else. From the biblical episode of Eve and the apple to postmodern society, women’s eating habits have been perceived not only as natural acts of self-nourishment but also as a display of affection, sexuality and tendency to sin. Similarly, women’s clothing style has been read as an instrument of self-expression and a key marker of gender identity over the centuries. At the time of the Unification of Italy, neurology, psychiatry and gynecology supported by patriarchal ideology, explicitly identified women as naturally unbalanced beings. As a result, a rigorous diet was recommended to control their voracious feminine behaviour. Preparing meals for the family was synonymous with women’s traditional disposition to take care of others; however, eating some dishes or abstaining from them was also seen as contributing to regulate female disorderly conducts. The corset, an important fashion statement of the time, has been seen as one of the means to control – physically and morally – women’s unstable behaviour, their eating habits and sexuality, thus connecting the complex discourse on food to that on clothing. The short story "La virtù di Checchina" (1884) by Matilde Serao (1856-1927) presents several narrative instances where food preparation for the family and the protagonist’s obsession for fashion take centre stage; these passages are often coupled with the portrayal of the frustration Checchina experiences towards women’s pre-established social role. With a humorous tone, Serao depicts the social constrictions and the cultural contradictions bourgeois women were facing at the time. By analysing Checchina’s daily routine between the kitchen and the closet, I shall demonstrate that for the protagonist, the activities which involve food and clothing are synonymous with something else: a way to express her deepest feelings, communicate her emotional state and reject the repressive social role she must play in a complex socio-cultural context that promotes a fragile and asexual ideal of femininity.
Wellington 2013 – Of marriages and happy endings: A reading of Clotilde Masci’s "Vigilia nuziale"
Authors: Cavallaro Daniela
Published: July 2020

In "Vigilia nuziale", a 1952 play by Clotilde Masci (1918-1985), the protagonist Cristina, at almost 30 years of age, is about to marry the son of her father’s best friend – a man she barely knows. On the eve of the wedding, however, she claims first to her family and then to the police that she stole a ring from the jeweller’s. After the confession of the true thief proves her innocence, the play ends with a subdued Cristina asking her relatives for forgiveness, as the wedding preparations resume. In this article, I argue that the popular culture of the 1950s appears to have had a great influence on "Vigilia nuziale"’s major and minor characters’ expectations regarding love and marriage. Ironically, however, Masci is making clear that the “happily ever after” which the popular fiction of the early 1950s promises as part of marriage may apply to very few of its readers – and certainly not to the protagonist of this play. Through this drama, the author comments both on the fairy tale view of marriage as offered in the romanzi rosa and fotoromanzi of the time, and on the much grimmer reality of marriage as the only viable opportunity for social status for most women in early 1950s Italy.
The Narrative Function of Clothing in Elena Ferrante’s Troubling Love
Authors: Pesca Carmela
Published: July 2020

Elena Ferrante’s first published novel Troubling Love deals with the dark side of the mother-daughter relation as no other of her works. The narration takes the form of a painful assembly of events, dealing with both rupture and continuity between the narrator Delia and the story’s protagonist, her mother Amalia. Essentially, Delia sews images together as they emerge from her visceral, rather than intellective or even imaginative revisiting of her childhood and adolescence. Amalia’s drowned body is progressively dressed by Delia’s pieces of memory, equivalent to clothing items that shape the narrative’s fabric. Part of the communication among different characters happens through exchange of clothes, fabric and lingerie, corresponding to their attempts to tailor Amalia’s narrative in the name of their troubled love, which comes in different patterns. Delia’s recollections of episodes of domestic violence, however, convey laceration and amorphousness, as she continuously stitches and makes adjustments, whereas no clothes or narratives can contain the true Amalia. This essay intends to highlight the path along which the narration’s thread runs. It explores the correspondences between the text’s form and content, and analyzes the narrator’s struggle to come to terms with a character whose very substance remains unreachable, encrypted in her old garments that have resisted violence, manipulation, and imposition of forms.
El Consejo General del Poder Judicial
Authors: Gerpe Landín Miguel
Published: July 2020

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El Tribunal Constitucional
Authors: Tenorio Sánchez Pedro Julio
Published: July 2020

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La transición política en la República Dominicana: del autoritarismo de nuevo tipo a la democracia formal
Authors: Jiménez Polanco Jacqueline
Published: July 2020

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Rusia y las nuevas leyes de la nacionalidad en la C.E.I.
Authors: Lediaj Irina
Published: July 2020

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El Preámbulo de la Constitución de 1845
Authors: Tomás Font de Mora María Anunciación
Published: July 2020

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La transición hacia la democracia en la Europa Central : un análisis comparativo
Authors: Ágh Attila
Published: July 2020

La transición hacia la democracia en la Europa Central : un análisis comparativo
Discurso del Presidente Federal, Sr. Richard von Weizsäcker, con ocasión del acto oficial celebrado con motivo dle "Día de la Unidad Alemana", en la Philarmonie de Berlín, el 3 de octubre de 1990
Authors: Weizsäcker Richard von
Published: July 2020

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Las elecciones parlamentarias alemanas de 1994
Authors: García-Atance Mª Victoria
Published: July 2020

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Declaración de Gobierno del Ministro Federal de Relaciones Exteriores, Hans-Dietrich Genscher, en relación con el Tratado sobre el acuerdo definitivo con respecto a Alemania, ante el Bundestag Alemán, el 20 de septiembre de 1990
Authors: - -
Published: July 2020

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En torno a los conceptos de unanimidad y mayoría en el contrato social de J. J. Rousseau
Authors: Garrido López Carlos
Published: July 2020

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Repertorio bibliográfico sobre la acción de amparo en Venezuela
Authors: Goig Martínez Juan Manuel
Published: July 2020

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Lengua y modelo de Estado
Authors: Aparicio Pérez Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2020

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La monarquía y la Constitución de 1978
Authors: Fernández Campo Sabino
Published: July 2020

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La irresponsabilidad del Rey: el refrendo, evolución histórica y regulación actual
Authors: Fernández Miranda Carmen
Published: July 2020

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Elecciones cantonales y regionales en Francia (marzo 1998)
Authors: Rebollo Delgado Lucrecio
Published: July 2020

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Resumen de las ponencias del Congreso del Partido Popular : 29-31 de enero 1999
Authors: Cremades Javier , Pérez-Ugena Álvaro
Published: July 2020

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Crónica parlamentaria del Senado
Authors: García-Atance García de Mora María Victoria
Published: July 2020

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Encuestas de opinión pública y derecho a la información veraz
Authors: Gálvez Muñoz Luis
Published: July 2020

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Gobernar a las mujeres: la proposición XI, 4 del Tratado Político, de Spinoza, o los problemas de la relación naturaleza e historia
Authors: Abdo Ferez María Cecilia
Published: July 2020

El texto interpreta, desde distintas perspectivas posibles, la polémica proposición XI, 4 del último capítulo del Tratado Político de Baruj de Spinoza, donde se sostiene, en el marco de la explicación de distintas formas de democracia, por qué las mujeres estarían excluidas de la participación política. Se remite esta exclusión a la noción de naturaleza en la obra y a su justificación por la historia acaecida, que resultan insatisfactorias, y se propone una conjunción y una superación de ambas interpretaciones, en pos de una lectura posible derivada: la de la producción de la división sexual como régimen político/discursivo; una producción entre develada y consentida por el filósofo.
A ontologia espinosista de Deleuze: univocidade, imanência, diferença
Authors: Barbosa Mariana de Toledo
Published: July 2020

Na filosofia de Gilles Deleuze, há uma ontologia, que é apresentada por meio da tese da univocidade do ser. Na história da filosofia ocidental, Deleuze destaca três momentos da univocidade do ser: com Duns Scot, o ser é pensado como unívoco (momento da univocidade); com Espinosa, o ser é afirmado como unívoco (momento da imanência); com Nietzsche, o ser é realizado como unívoco (momento da diferença). Em todo caso, a univocidade é uma alternativa à analogia, e a principal discordância entre essas duas teses é que a analogia insere uma hierarquia e uma negatividade no cerne do ser, ao passo que a univocidade põe o ser como igual (não-hierárquico) e isento de negatividade (neutro ou afirmativo).Neste artigo, não se trata de apresentar a teoria da univocidade do ser em Deleuze, mas de explorar a leitura que ele faz da univocidade do ser em Espinosa, e sobretudo a variação a ela imposta entre o primeiro e o segundo livros dedicados ao filósofo holandês, Espinosa e o problema da expressão (1968) e Espinosa: filosofia prática (1981). Constata-se que, no primeiro estudo, Espinosa é tido principalmente como herdeiro de Duns Scot, e no segundo, ademais, como aliado de Nietzsche. Tem-se como hipótese que Espinosa é arrastado, nesse ínterim, do segundo para o terceiro momento da univocidade do ser, na vassoura de bruxa de Deleuze. A consequência é que a imanência e a afirmação se conciliam com a diferença. A afirmação do ser passa a ser afirmação da própria diferença. Ou, dito de outro modo, o ser deixa de serapenas afirmado para ser realizado como diferença. Chega-se, assim, a uma ontologia construtivista, que tem a ética como sua condição prática.
Hegel and Spinoza: Substance and Negativity
Authors: Craia Eladio , Keller Arion
Published: July 2020

Poderíamos caracterizar a obra de Gregor Moder, Hegel and Spinoza: Substance and Negativity, como uma obra não ortodoxa dos estudos tanto hegelianos quanto spinozistas, como uma tentativa quase heroica de recepcionar de forma nova e original a tão problemática relação existente entre hegelianismo e spinozismo e, também, como uma tentativa de “fazer justiça” a ambos os lados da discussão.
História e economia em Hume e Kant
Authors: Hauck Eveline Campos , Mira Lutti
Published: July 2020

Tradução de artigo de Norbert Waszek
Evidential remains
Authors: Mauriello Christopher E.
Published: July 2020

This article utilises the theoretical perspectives of the forensic turn to further expand our historical understandings and interpretations of the events of the Holocaust. More specifically, it applies a theory of the materialities of dead bodies to historically reconstruct and reinterpret the death march from Buchenwald to Dachau from 7 to 28 April 1945. It focuses on dead bodies as ‘evidence’, but explores how the evidential meanings of corpses along the death-march route evolved and changed during the march itself and in the aftermath of discovery by approaching American military forces. While drawing on theories of the evidential use of dead bodies, it remains firmly grounded in empirical historical research based on archival sources. The archives at the Buchenwald Concentration Camp contain eyewitness accounts and post-war trial testimony that enable a deeply contextualised ‘microhistory’ of the geography, movements, perpetrators, victims and events along this specific death march in April and May 1945. This ‘thick description’ provides the necessary context for a theoretical reading of the changing evidential meanings of dead bodies as the death march wove its way from Buchenwald to Dachau and the war and the Holocaust drew to an end.
Plantar Pressure Profiles and Possible Foot Syndromes of Taiwanese College Elite Basketball Players
Authors: Chow Tong-Hsien , Chen Yih-Shyuan , Tsai Wen-Cheng , Lin Ming-Hsien
Published: July 2020

Background

Plantar pressure assessments are useful for understanding the functions of the foot and lower limb and for predicting injury incidence rates. Musculoskeletal fatigue is likely to affect plantar pressure profiles. This study aimed to characterize college elite basketball players' plantar pressure profiles and pain profiles during static standing and walking.

Methods

Fifty-one male elite basketball players and 85 male recreational basketball players participated in this study. An optical plantar pressure measurement system was used to collect the arch index (AI), regional plantar pressure distributions (PPDs), and footprint characteristics during static and dynamic activities. Elite basketball players' pain profiles were examined for evaluating their common musculoskeletal pain areas.

Results

The AI values were in the reference range in recreational basketball players and considerably lower in elite basketball players. Elite basketball players' static PPDs of both feet were mainly exerted on the lateral longitudinal arch and the lateral heel and were relatively lower on the medial longitudinal arch and medial and lateral metatarsal bones. The PPDs mainly transferred to the lateral metatarsal bone and lateral longitudinal arch and decreased at the medial heel during the midstance phase of walking. The footprint characteristics of elite basketball players illustrated the features of calcaneal varus (supinated foot) of high arches and dropped cuboid foot. The lateral ankle joints and anterior cruciate ligaments were the common musculoskeletal pain areas.

Conclusions

Elite basketball players' AI values indicated high arches, and their PPDs tended to parallel the features of the high-arched supinated and dropped cuboid foot. Their pain profiles resonated with the common basketball injuries and reflected the features of Jones fracture and cuboid syndrome. The potential links among high-arched supinated foot, Jones fracture, and cuboid syndrome are worth further study.
Gender Correlation to the Prevalence of Pedal Neuromas in Various Interspaces - A Retrospective Study
Authors: DeHeer Patrick A , Nanrhe Artinder P , Michael Shannon R , Standish Sarah N , Bhinder Christine D , Foster Todd L
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Morton's neuromas are abnormalities of the common digital nerve branch located between the lesser metatarsal heads. Historically, interdigital (Morton's) neuromas have been characterized as being most common in the third interspace and predominantly identified in females. The principal investigator observed Morton's neuromas commonly in both the 2nd and 3rd interspaces in both genders. To the best of our knowledge, no literature exists to evaluate Morton's neuroma location with a focus on each gender independently. The present study evaluates Morton's neuroma interspace location and if there is a variation between males and females.METHODS: In this retrospective study, 582 de-identified ProScan magnetic resonance imaging reports, with a diagnosis code for Morton's neuroma (ICD Code 355.6), were obtained from their centralized database. These reports were evaluated for patients scanned from January 2015-April 2016. Incomplete records and those where the radiologist findings were not consistent with Morton's neuroma were eliminated. For the remaining 379 patients, data was collected on several factors such as gender, laterality, history of trauma, plantar plate tear, age and interspace location. Special focus was given to second and third interspace Morton's neuromas. Data was then evaluated statistically utilizing the Pearson Chi-Square and Independent Samples Mann-Whitney U Test with statistical significance deemed p<0.05. RESULTS: No statistically significant distribution between gender and second and third interspace Morton's neuromas were noted. Additionally, right vs left foot, age and history of trauma did not vary between genders in a significant way. Lastly, there was a statistically significant difference between the presence of plantar plate tears between genders. Male patients with Morton's neuromas were found to have a higher rate of plantar plate tears (34/92, p=0.01).CONCLUSION: Our study found that there was not a statistically significant difference between female and male and Morton's neuromas location, laterality or age.
Students' perspective of internship in vocational higher education
Authors: Vukić Milena , Kuzmanović Marija , Vukić Milorad
Published: July 2020

Research Question: This study aims to determine students’ satisfaction, experience and attitude toward internship in hospitality higher education. Motivation: Work integrated learning in the system of vocational higher education should enable young people, who have acquired theoretical and practical knowledge, to increase their employability, develop expertise through the process of socialization in the workplace, as well as to develop work habits and have a better understanding of the work culture. According to Hussien and La Lopa (2018), well-organized internship with detailed feedback, flexible working hours, adequate institutional support, and the ability to acquire a diverse range of skills, can increase satisfaction of all stakeholders. Idea: The main idea is to examine students’ experience, attitudes and satisfaction with internship, in order to propose practical implications for internship improvement. Data: The data were collected by means of a questionnaire during the summer term of 2017/18 academic year. The survey involved 189 students of The College of Hotel Management. Tools: Collected data were analysed and interpreted using some descriptive statistics techniques, as well as non-parametric tests such as Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal-Wallis H Test and Spearman's Rho. Findings: A vast majority of students were given employment opportunities during internship, which has increased their satisfaction. Gastronomy and hospitality students most often worked in the profession, while junior and senior students find the curriculum to a lesser extent consistent with the internship program. Students were most satisfied with the mentor’s objectivity in the assessment, and least satisfied with the school support during internship. Student satisfaction is also affected by better alignment of theory and practice, adequately rewarding overtime and doing the job for which they have been trained. Contribution: This study contributes to the identification and understanding of factors affecting satisfaction of hospitality students with internship and proposes measures to better internship organization.
Morphological changes in the lower Lancang River due to extensive human activities
Authors: Wang Peijia , Fu Kaidao , Huang Jiangcheng , Duan Xingwu , Yang Zaizhi
Published: July 2020

Background

Morphological changes in river beds determine the risk for soil erosion within floodplain areas. At present, little is known about river morphological changes in high-altitude mountainous area influenced by extensive human activities. The study has important reference value for clarifying the morphological changes of mountainous rivers due to extensive human activities.

Methods

Based on the long-term multi-source remote sensing image data, we analyzed morphological changes in the lower Lancang River (LCR) in Southwest China at regional and local scales, and determined their influencing factors. Visual interpretation is used to extract the information and unify the interpretation standards of various localities, mainly including water bodies, sandbars, shorelines and beaches. Based on high-resolution remote sensing images, we analyzed the planforms, erosion and accretion conditions in Jinghongba (JHB) reach and Ganlanba (GLB) reach.

Results

Our results showed that: (1) during 1993–2016, the planforms of Jinghongba and Ganlanba in the wide valley of the lower LCR changed significantly, (2) In the interval 1993 to 2016, the JHB reach exhibited extensive erosion, with the right bank more eroded seriously than the left bank, and an erosion area of 0.36 km2. The erosion area of the GLB reach was 0.33 km2, with accretion area of 0.61 km2. The right bank was dominated by erosion, while the left bank by sedimentation; (3) Morphological changes in JHB and GLB reches were the result of the combined effects of cascade hydropower development, river regulation, and sand-mining in the river. The results improved the understanding of riverbed evolution, and could help guide sediment management in mountainous areas influenced by extensive human activities.
Association and Path Coefficient Study in F2 Population for Yield Attributing and Micronutrient Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Kumar Avinash , Singh N. K. , Kumar Rajesh , Singh S. K. , Nilanjaya . , Singh Mithilesh Kumar , Tigga Aman , Banshidhar .
Published: July 2020

In view to overcome the major problem of ‘hidden hunger’ mainly caused by micronutrient deficiency, breeding for micronutrient enriched staple food crops is important. In developing countries, iron and zinc deficiencies are reported to be major health risk factor causing a high mortality rate. So, for overcoming these nutritional deficiencies through genetic improvement, F2 population of two rice crosses obtained by crossing diverse parents for micronutrients (mainly, Fe and Zn) were evaluated using randomised complete block design  during  Kharif, 2019  to study the relationship between different traits and to study the estimates of direct and indirect effect. Among the F2 population of cross-I, grain yield per plant exhibited significant and positive association with seeds per panicle, tillers per plant, flag leaf area, harvest index, test weight, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity while negative and significant correlation with canopy temperature. For cross-II, grain yield per plant exhibited significant and positive association with seeds per panicle, tillers per plant, plant height, flag leaf area, SPAD value, harvest index, test weight and days to maturity while significant and negative correlation with grain Zn content, grain Fe content and canopy temperature. Hence, selection for the traits showing positive and significant association with grain yield in both the crosses will be rewarding. Highest positive direct effect on yield was shown by harvest index in cross-I. So, selection based on harvest index for grain yield per plant would be the most effective strategy for improvement of grain yield. No direct positive or negative effect of grain Fe and Zn content on yield was found.
AVALIAÇÃO DO RISCO PARA A SAÚDE DEVIDO À PRESENÇA DE TRIHALOMETANOS NA ÁGUA DE ABASTECIMENTO
Authors: Duarte António Sampaio , Rodrigues Filipe Miguel
Published: July 2020

A aplicação de compostos clorados na desinfeção da água pode induzir à formação de subprodutos da desinfeção (SPD) com efeitos carcinogénicos e mutagénicos comprovados. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma síntese de um estudo sobre a ocorrência de trihalometanos (THM) na água de abastecimento, realizado nos catorze municípios do distrito de Braga (Portugal), visando a avaliação do risco de cancro (RC) e de efeitos não carcinogénicos (HI) com base na metodologia desenvolvida pela USEPA e IRIS. Num cenário gravoso, correspondente à prevalência da maior concentração de THM detetada no período monitorizado, o indicador RC daria valores superiores ao limite máximo definido como negligenciável, verificando-se ser a ingestão a via de exposição mais relevante. Os resultados obtidos para o indicador HI foram quase sempre inferiores à unidade, indicando um nível de risco aceitável, de acordo com os pressupostos do método utilizado. O uso de indicadores do risco para a saúde constitui uma ferramenta útil quer no apoio à decisão das entidades gestoras de sistemas de abastecimento de água, quer na definição de estratégias e políticas de saúde pública que visem a mitigação deste risco.

 

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FROM EXPOSURE TO TRIHALOMETHANES IN DRINKING WATER

ABSTRACT

Chlorination have brought enormous benefits to the preservation of public health as a low-cost disinfection method, but it can generate several halogenated organic compounds, as disinfection by-products (DBP), with potential and proven carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. This work presents a synthesis of the study performed in water supply systems of the fourteen municipalities of Braga district (Portugal), aiming at the evaluation of life time cancer risk (CR index), and the risk of non-carcinogenic effects (HI‑Hazard Index) from exposure to THMs, using a method proposed by USEPA and IRIS. In a severe scenario, corresponding to the prevalence of maximum THM concentration occurred during the monitored period, the CR index would achieve values higher than the maximum limit defined as negligible for all these municipalities. The HI index results were often lower than one, which is considered as an acceptable risk level. The use of health risk indicators can be a useful tool both in supporting the decision-making of water supply utilities and in the definition of public health strategies/policies for risk mitigation in order to increase the life quality and the wellness of populations.

 
METODOLOGIA DE AVALIAÇÃO DO RISCO EM PLANOS DE SEGURANÇA DE ÁGUAS RESIDUAIS. APLICAÇÃO A UM CASO DE ESTUDO
Authors: Duarte António Sampaio , Pinto Fernando Castanheira
Published: July 2020

Na prossecução dos objetivos do milénio da ONU, o aumento e melhoraria do acesso a sistemas de saneamento básico seguros e sustentáveis continuam a ser uma prioridade de intervenção crítica e essencial para salvaguarda da saúde humana e qualidade de vida das populações. O desenvolvimento, implementação e monitorização de Planos de Segurança, aplicados às diferentes fases do ciclo urbano da água, são uma estratégia crucial, recomendada pela OMS, para prevenção, análise e mitigação do risco associado a perigos e eventos perigosos com impacto nocivo na saúde pública e no meio ambiente. O objectivo deste trabalho é dar um contributo metodológico para a análise do risco em Planos de Segurança de Águas Residuais (PSAR), por meio quer da formulação de um novo método semiquantitativo de avaliação do risco em PSAR e sua aplicação a um caso de estudo, quer de uma abordagem integrada do sistema de saneamento, incluindo as suas interações com a respectiva bacia hidrográfica. Concluiu-se que o nível e tipologia do risco dependem da abrangência geográfica da bacia hidrográfica considerada, a qual influencia não só a diversidade dos perigos e eventos perigosos identificados, mas também a definição das medidas de controle do risco a implementar, resultantes da necessária abordagem de barreiras múltiplas, no sentido de eliminar ou minimizar os riscos para os diversos utilizadores e operadores de um sistema urbano de águas residuais.

 

RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY IN WASTEWATER SAFETY PLANS. A CASE STUDY

ABSTRACT

In pursuit of the UN's millennium goals, increasing and improving access to safe and sustainable sanitation systems remains a critical intervention priority to safeguard human health, life quality and population wellness. The development, implementation and monitoring of Safety Plans, applied to the different sections of the urban water cycle, is a crucial strategy, recommended by WHO, for the prevention, analysis and risk mitigation due to hazards and dangerous events with a harmful impact on public health and the environment. This work intends to make a methodological contribution for risk analysis in Wastewater Safety Plans (WWSP), through a comprehensive approach to the full sanitation system, including its catchment watershed interaction, and the proposal of a new semi-quantitative risk assessment method applied to a case study. It was concluded that the risk level and typology depends on the geographical scope of the considered watershed, which significantly influences not only the diversity of identified hazards and dangerous events, but also the definition of risk control measures to be implemented, arising from a multiple barriers approach, in order to provide a risk mitigation for the several wastewater system users and operators.
Functional Ability and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Randomized Controlled Trials of Tocilizumab in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Brunner Hermine I. , Chen Chen , Bovis Francesca , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Espada Graciela , Joos Rik , Akikusa Jonathan , Chaitow Jeffrey , Boteanu Alina Lucica , Kimura Yukiko , Rietschel Christoph , Siri Daniel , Smolewska Elzbieta , Schmeling Heinrike , Brown Diane E. , Martini Alberto , Lovell Daniel J. , Huang Bin , Ruperto Nicolino ,   for the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation and the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group
Published: July 2020

Objective

To evaluate changes in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and disability in children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or polyarticular JIA treated with tocilizumab.

Methods

Secondary analyses of two double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials of intravenous tocilizumab in children with active systemic JIA or polyarticular JIA were conducted. Patient‐reported outcomes of disability (Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire [C‐HAQ]), HRQoL (Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form 50 [CHQ‐P50], health concepts, physical summary score [CHQ‐P50‐PhS], psychosocial summary score [CHQ‐P50‐PsS]), pain, and well‐being (100‐mm visual analog scale [VAS]) were measured at weeks 0 and 12 for systemic JIA, weeks 16 and 40 for polyarticular JIA, and week 104 for both JIA subgroups.

Results

The trial included 112 patients with systemic JIA and 188 patients with polyarticular JIA. In patients with polyarticular JIA, the mean ± SD C‐HAQ score decreased from 1.39 ± 0.74 at baseline to 0.67 ± 0.65 at week 16 (P < 0.001). In patients with systemic JIA, the mean ± SD CHQ‐P50‐PhS improved more with tocilizumab therapy than with placebo at week 12 (7.3 ± 10.2 versus 2.4 ± 10.6) (P < 0.05). Almost all mean CHQ‐P50 health concept scores, CHQ‐P50‐PsS, and CHQ‐P50‐PhS improved (P ≤ 0.002) by week 104 for patients with systemic JIA. Patients with polyarticular JIA and patients with systemic JIA showed significant reductions in disability (mean ± SD C‐HAQ scores of −1.09 ± 0.71 and −1.17 ± 0.80, respectively), improvements in well‐being (mean ± SD well‐being VAS scores of −43.76 ± 26.61 and −51.53 ± 23.57, respectively), and decreases in pain (mean ± SD pain VAS scores of −41.56 ± 31.06 and −51.26 ± 26.79, respectively) (P < 0.001); in patients with polyarticular JIA and patients with systemic JIA who were treated with tocilizumab, 92.9% of polyarticular JIA patients and 96.8% of systemic JIA patients reported no more than minimal pain (a score of ≤35 mm on the VAS) at week 104.

Conclusion

Tocilizumab treatment was associated with significantly reduced disability and pain and improved HRQoL in patients with systemic JIA and polyarticular JIA.
Simultaneous Single Cell Gene Expression and EGFR Mutation Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Reveals Distinct Phenotypes in NSCLC
Authors: Owen Sarah , Lo Ting‐Wen , Fouladdel Shamileh , Zeinali Mina , Keller Evan , Azizi Ebrahim , Ramnath Nithya , Nagrath Sunitha
Published: July 2020

While cancer cell populations are known to be highly heterogeneous within a tumor, the current gold standard of tumor profiling is through a tumor biopsy. These biopsies are invasive and prone to missing these clones due to spatial heterogeneity, and this bulk analysis approach can miss information from rare subpopulations. To noninvasively investigate tumor cell heterogeneity, a streamlined workflow is developed to scrutinize rare cells, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), for simultaneous analysis of mutations and gene expression profiles at the single cell level. This powerful workflow overcomes low‐input limitations of single cell analysis techniques. The utility of this multiplexed workflow to unravel inter‐ and intra‐patient heterogeneity is demonstrated using non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) CTCs (n = 58) from six epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant positive NSCLC patients. CTCs are isolated using a high‐throughput microfluidic technology, the Labyrinth, and their EGFR mutation status and gene expression profiles are characterized.
3D Printing of Microgel‐Loaded Modular Microcages as Instructive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Subbiah Ramesh , Hipfinger Christina , Tahayeri Anthony , Athirasala Avathamsa , Horsophonphong Sivaporn , Thrivikraman Greeshma , França Cristiane Miranda , Cunha Diana Araujo , Mansoorifar Amin , Zahariev Albena , Jones James M. , Coelho Paulo G. , Witek Lukasz , Xie Hua , Guldberg Robert E. , Bertassoni Luiz E.
Published: July 2020

Biomaterial scaffolds have served as the foundation of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, scaffold systems are often difficult to scale in size or shape in order to fit defect‐specific dimensions, and thus provide only limited spatiotemporal control of therapeutic delivery and host tissue responses. Here, a lithography‐based 3D printing strategy is used to fabricate a novel miniaturized modular microcage scaffold system, which can be assembled and scaled manually with ease. Scalability is based on an intuitive concept of stacking modules, like conventional toy interlocking plastic blocks, allowing for literally thousands of potential geometric configurations, and without the need for specialized equipment. Moreover, the modular hollow‐microcage design allows each unit to be loaded with biologic cargo of different compositions, thus enabling controllable and easy patterning of therapeutics within the material in 3D. In summary, the concept of miniaturized microcage designs with such straight‐forward assembly and scalability, as well as controllable loading properties, is a flexible platform that can be extended to a wide range of materials for improved biological performance.
Inkjet and Extrusion Printing for Electrochemical Energy Storage: A Minireview
Authors: Yang Peihua , Fan Hong Jin
Published: July 2020

Inkjet and extrusion printing are widely employed technologies in the field of printed electronics. They provide opportunity of manufacturing diverse electronic devices on various types of substrates by employing digital layouts under ambient conditions. In this short review, fundamentals about inkjet mechanisms and ink fluidic characteristics are presented. The interaction between individual droplets and that of droplets with substrates, which are pivotal to the printing resolution and uniformity, are analyzed. In addition, some issues on droplet‐based extrusion 3D printing are discussed as an extension of conventional inkjet printing. The recent progress in application of inkjet and extrusion printing in the field of electrochemical energy storage, ranging from batteries and supercapacitors to energy storage electrochromics, is also highlighted. Challenges and perspectives are discussed at the end. It is expected that inkjet and extrusion printing will be potent technologies to the development of electrochemical energy devices for the flexible and wearable electronics.
Nonreciprocal Magnetic Coupling Using Nonlinear Meta‐Atoms
Authors: Zhao Xiaoguang , Wu Ke , Chen Chunxu , Bifano Thomas G. , Anderson Stephan W. , Zhang Xin
Published: July 2020

Breaking Lorentz reciprocity is fundamental to an array of functional radiofrequency (RF) and optical devices, such as isolators and circulators. The application of external excitation, such as magnetic fields and spatial–temporal modulation, has been employed to achieve nonreciprocal responses. Alternatively, nonlinear effects may also be employed to break reciprocity in a completely passive fashion. Herein, a coupled system comprised of linear and nonlinear meta‐atoms that achieves nonreciprocity based on the coupling and frequency detuning of its constituent meta‐atoms is presented. An analytical model is developed based on the coupled mode theory (CMT) in order to design and optimize the nonreciprocal meta‐atoms in this coupled system. Experimental demonstration of an RF isolator is performed, and the contrast between forward and backward propagation approximates 20 dB. Importantly, the use of the CMT model developed herein enables a generalizable capacity to predict the limitations of nonlinearity‐based nonreciprocity, thereby facilitating the development of novel approaches to breaking Lorentz reciprocity. The CMT model and implementation scheme presented in this work may be deployed in a wide range of applications, including integrated photonic circuits, optical metamaterials, and metasurfaces, among others.