bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the behavior of Candida antarctica lipase B in aqueous mixtures of an imidazolium ionic liquid and its surfactant analogue
Authors: Campodónico Paola R. , Calderón Cristian , Alcázar Jackson J. , Olivares Belén , Jaldin Limberg , Suárez-Rozas Cristian
Published: January 2024

The performance of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) has been evaluated in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4)/water mixtures in a wide range of molar fractions (χBMIMBF4) with and without 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C12-MIMBF4), a surfactant derived from BMIMBF4. The main aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of χBMIMBF4 over micellar aggregates to assess the activity of enzymatic reactions. The investigated reaction corresponds to the hydrolysis of the substrate p-nitrophenyl laureate in each χBMIMBF4. The kinetic study for χBMIMBF4 at around 0.2 proved to be a border point in enzymatic activity. At χBMIMBF4 = 0.1, the lipase activity increases in the presence of C12-MIMBF4. However, at higher concentrations, BMIMBF4 has a negligible effect over the lipase activity. These results suggest specific interactions between water and BMIMBF4 molecules in relation to CALB. This research highlights the superactivity phenomenon driven by the reaction media and the micelle interface. In this interfacial interaction, BMIMBF4 acts directly on the changes induced on the enzyme upon its interaction with the micellar interface. This study opens a green perspective toward the biocatalysis field.
InSAR coseismic deformation field and seismogenic structure of the 2020 Mw6.0 Jiashi earthquake and the implication for the moderate-magnitude seismicity in the southwestern Tian Shan, western China
Authors: Wu Danruo , Chen Zhidan , Zimin Mikhail
Published: January 2024

The Kepingtage fold-and-thrust belt in the southwestern Tian Shan in western China hosted the 2020 Mw 6.0 Jiashi earthquake with no apparent surface ruptures. The thrust nappe structure in this region is characterized by moderate-magnitude (Mw5.5-6.5) seismicity, but the seismogenic mechanisms and controlling factors remain under investigation. In this study, we utilized Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar satellite data to reconstruct the InSAR coseismic deformation field of the 2020 Jiashi earthquake. To address the limitation imposed by residual orbital phases during the interferometric measurement, we proposed a novel automatic method that combines ascending and descending track data with terrain features for orbit refinement. Eight comparative tests were conducted to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. Subsequently, we inverted the jointly constrained deformation field after orbit correction to obtain the fault geometric parameters and slip distribution. Our results show that the 2020 Jiashi earthquake is characterized by right-lateral transpressive motion. The smooth interference fringes demonstrate spatially continuous surface uplift and subsidence without detectable coseismic surface ruptures, with a maximum uplift of ∼0.08 m and a maximum subsidence of ∼0.03 m, caused by the subsurface folding due to deep seismic rupture. This event is best fitted by a north-dipping fault plane with a depth of 4.2 km, a dip angle of 11.6°, and a strike of 276° beneath the Keping thrust fault. In terms of various geometric parameters of the fault, the inversion results of this study are generally similar to the focal mechanism solution provided by USGS (MWb), but are different from the focal mechanism solutions of other institutions and previous research results. Combined with the published geological investigations and seismic reflection surveys, we suggest that the seismogenic structure of the 2020 Jiashi earthquake is the lower ramp of the Keping thrust fault and the abrupt fault bend between the lower and upper ramp may limit the propagation of the coseismic rupture to the surface. The limited rupture of this event is dominated by the irregularities in fault geometry along strike and dip, as well as the lower rock strength of the cover above the detachment, which contribute to a deeper understanding of the seismic behavior in fold-and-thrust belts and the moderate-magnitude seismicity in the southwestern Tian Shan region.
Possible layered lithospheric anisotropy around Longmenshan Faults by teleseismic S wave splitting and receiver functions
Authors: Wang An-Jian , Gao Yuan
Published: January 2024

This study conducts an in-depth analysis of seismic anisotropy around the Longmenshan Faults. Utilizing a dataset of about 7710 earthquake catalogs from July 2007 to March 2023, we applied S wave splitting and receiver function methods to examine Pms and XKS waveforms collected from 12 fixed broadband stations across Gansu and Sichuan provinces. Our analysis revealed significant variations in seismic anisotropy between the crust and lithosphere, marked by distinct fast wave directions and delay times. These characteristics point to the possibility for layered anisotropy within the region. A two-layer anisotropy inversion analysis at key stations further delineated the differential anisotropic behaviors between the crust and the upper mantle, underscoring the impact of local geological structures and mantle dynamics. Crucially, our study posits the existence of layered anisotropy around the Longmenshan Fault Zone, a finding that significantly advances our comprehension of the region’s seismic anisotropy and adds a vital dimension to our understanding of its subsurface structural intricacies and tectonic evolution.
Interactions between COVID-19 infection and diabetes
Authors: Heshmati Hassan M.
Published: January 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a major pandemic affecting human health and economy around the world since the beginning of 2020. The virus responsible for the disease is “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2). It invades the target cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is expressed in several organs including endocrine glands. Multiple endocrine and metabolic systems including the endocrine pancreas have been impacted by COVID-19 infection/pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic can promote obesity through alterations in lifestyle (e.g., unhealthy diet and reduced physical activity due to confinement and isolation) leading to type 2 diabetes and/or can directly impair the function of the endocrine pancreas particularly through a cytokine storm, promoting or aggravating type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The increased ACE2 receptors of high adiposity commonly associated with type 2 diabetes and the chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes with its negative impact on the immune system can increase the risk of COVID-19 infection and its morbidity/mortality. In conclusion, there are bidirectional interactions between COVID-19 pandemic and diabetes (e.g., COVID-19 infection can impact diabetes and diabetes can impact COVID-19 infection). The services offered by healthcare systems for the management of diabetes have been adapted accordingly.
Large-eddy simulation of the effects of horizontal and vertical adjustments in a wind farm
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Xin Jinyuan , Pan Xiaole , Ma Yongjing , Ren Xinbing , Jiang Yunyan , Ma Yining , Gong Chongshui
Published: January 2024

In order to study the fine structural characteristics of the wind field and wind power generation in wind farms, large-eddy simulations (LES) with different layouts are carried out under a given wind direction. In the simulation, a single wind turbine can produce a wake effect, reducing the wind within 2 km by 50%, and the influence between wind turbines gradually decreases as the distance between the wind turbines increases. To minimize the impact of the wake effect between the turbines, the simulation considering horizontal and vertical staggering of the wind farm is conducted. Under the prevailing wind, the optimal power output for the entire wind farm is obtained when a horizontal staggering degree θ of 16.7 is used and no vertical staggering is adapted. Unexpectedly, vertical interleaving hardly increases power generation in terms of the whole wind farm. This research result has certain implications for the optimal layout of wind farms in practical applications, especially in sites with a well-defined prevailing wind direction.
Mechanism of large-scale reservoir landslides with double-sliding zones: insights from long-term field monitoring
Authors: Yang Yuting , Zhang Chenyang , Lu Yushi , Dai Zhenwei
Published: January 2024

A significant number of ancient landslides with double or multi-sliding zones exist in reservoir areas. However, understanding large-scale reservoir landslides with double-sliding zones remains limited due to the challenges of studying deformation along the sliding zone independently from surface deformation. In this study, the seepage and deformation characteristics of the Taping landslide were obtained through field investigations and long-term in-situ monitoring. For the first time, hydrological factors influencing double-sliding zones were revealed using an attribute reduction algorithm based on long-term field data. The results indicate that the Taping landslide undergoes significant step-like consistent creep deformation, exhibiting failure along double-sliding zones. For the toe part, reservoir water level (RWL) and precipitation are two critical hydrological factors triggering deformation. Shallow sliding is more susceptible to rainfall, while the deep sliding zone is more affected by RWL variations. In the rear part, precipitation has a greater impact than RWL. Daily precipitation is the primary hydrological factor affecting slope movement along the shallow sliding zone. However, accumulated precipitation over the previous seven days is the most crucial factor influencing slope movement along the deep sliding zone. During the RWL drawdown period, shallow sliding initially occurs at the toe, induced by the de-buttressing effect, while deep sliding occurs after the RWL reaches 145 m, induced by the downslope seepage force. Local damage and failure at the toe provide space for the instability of the rear part, reducing the anti-sliding force. Consequently, failure extends to the rear part. The findings of this study hold significant implications for gaining a deeper understanding of the deformation mechanisms of large-scale reservoir landslides with double-sliding zones and improving landslide management and mitigation strategies in reservoir area.
Reduced mitochondrial respiration in peripheral T cells after paediatric heamatopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Mølgaard Kasper , Kielsen Katrine , Ifversen Marianne , Met Özcan , Svane Inge Marie , Müller Klaus
Published: January 2024

Background

Recovery and functional differentiation of T-cell subsets are central for the development of immune function and complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but little is known about the cellular respiration and factors influencing T-cell metabolic fitness during immune maturation after HSCT.

Method

We included 20 HSCT patients and analysed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial fitness in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples collected at days +90 and +180 after HSCT.

Results

Phenotypic analysis revealed lower overall T-cell counts, lower CD4+/CD8+ ratio and a skewed distribution of early T-cell subsets at day +90, gradually recovering by day +180. Although ATP turnover in HSCT patients was similar to healthy controls, the spare respiratory capacity (SRC) of T cells, reflecting the available energy reserve, was significantly reduced at day +90 and +180 compared to healthy controls. This reduction in SRC was not correlated with the occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), the intensity of conditioning regimens and markers of T-cell exhaustion.

Conclusion

We found significantly depressed SRC until six months post-HSCT, but we were not able to identify transplant-related risk factors or associations with the clinical outcome.
Visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure and the risk of open-angle glaucoma in individuals without systemic hypertension: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Lee Sang Yeop , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Jae Yong , Tchah Hungwon , Lee Hun
Published: January 2024

Purpose

We aimed to evaluate the effect of visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure (BP) on the risk of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in individuals without systemic hypertension using a population-based retrospective cohort study design.

Methods

The Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort database, which collected data of 209,226 individuals between 2002 and 2015, was used to analyze the data of 140,910 eligible participants. The mean follow-up duration was 8.3 years. Visit-to-visit BP variability was assessed using standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and variability independent of the mean (VIM). Participants were categorized into four groups according to BP variability quartiles. We verified the effect of BP variability by comparing participants of the first to third quartiles of BP variability groups with those belonging to the fourth quartile group. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the hazard ratio (HR) of BP variability in cases of newly diagnosed OAG. Moreover, we conducted subgroup analyses using baseline characteristics.

Results

In the multivariable analyses, BP variability did not significantly increase the risk of OAG development. However, subgroup analyses revealed significant interactions between age and systolic BP variability in the development of OAG (CV: p = 0.008; SD: p = 0.007). For participants aged <60 years, the risk of OAG development significantly increased with high systolic BP variability (CV: HR, 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.39; p = 0.049). We observed a similar trend using the SD and VIM as the parameters for systolic BP variability.

Conclusion

Higher visit-to-visit systolic BP variability was associated with an increased risk of OAG development in participants younger than 60 years of age without systemic hypertension. These results suggest that BP variability can be the considerable factor when assessing the risk of OAG, especially in relatively young people without systemic hypertension.
Nocardia farcinica infection presenting as a solitary bronchial neoplasm in an immunocompetent adult: a case report
Authors: Tan Yuying , Yang Mei , Wan Chun , Tang Shijie , Liu Lin , Chen Lei
Published: January 2024

Nocardia species are gram-positive, acid-fast, saprophytic, aerobic bacilli, predominantly resulting in opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Here, we reported a case of Nocardia infection in a 27-year-old woman with normal immunocompetence, who presented as a solitary neoplasm in the left principal bronchus with a chief complaint of postural dyspnea. By electrotomy via bronchoscopy, the neoplasm was successfully removed, and it was further identified as Nocardia farcinica by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.
Four novel Pleurocordyceps (Polycephalomycetaceae) species from China
Authors: Xiao Yuan-Pin , Yang Yu , Jayawardena Ruvishika S. , Gentekaki Eleni , Peng Xing-Can , Luo Zong-Long , Lu Yong-Zhong
Published: January 2024

Entomopathogenic fungi comprise an ecologically important group of specialized pathogens infecting other fungi, invertebrates, and plants. These fungi are species-rich with high diversity and broad distribution worldwide. The majority of entomopathogenic fungi belong to clavicipitoids, which consist of the hypocrealean families, Clavicipitaceae, Cordycipitaceae, Ophiocordycipitaceae, and Polycephalomycetaceae. The latter is a newly established entomopathogenic family that recently separated from the family Ophiocordycipitaceae to accommodate the genera, Perennicordyceps, Pleurocordyceps, and Polycephalomyces. In recent years, Polycephalomycetaceae has been enriched with parasitic and hyperparasitic fungi. With 16 species spread across China, Ecuador, Japan, and Thailand, Pleurocordyceps is the most speciose genus in the family. In this study, we expand the number of taxa in the genus by introducing four new Pleurocordyceps species from China, namely, P. clavisynnema, P. multisynnema, P. neoagarica, and P. sanduensis. We provide detailed descriptions and illustrations and infer genus-level phylogenies based on a combined 6-loci gene sequence dataset comprising the internal transcribed spacer gene region (ITS), small subunit ribosomal RNA gene region (SSU), large subunit rRNA gene region (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene region (TEF-1α), RNA polymerase II largest subunit gene region (RPB1), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2). This study contributes to knowledge with regard to the diversity of Pleurocordyceps specifically and entomopathogenic Hypocreales more broadly.
Construction of shared gene signature between rheumatoid arthritis and lung adenocarcinoma helps to predict the prognosis and tumor microenvironment of the LUAD patients
Authors: Shi Liping , Zou Houwen , Yi Jian
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune disease with high incidence rate and high disability rate. One of the top complications is cancer, especially lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the molecular mechanisms linking RA and LUAD are still not clear. Therefore, in this study, we tried to identify the shared genetic signatures and local immune microenvironment between RA and LUAD and construct a clinical model for survival prediction.

Methods: We obtained gene expression profiles and clinical information of patients with RA and LUAD from GEO and TCGA datasets. We performed differential analysis and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to discover the shared genes between RA and LUAD. Then, COX regression and LASSO analysis were employed to figure out genes significantly associated with survival. qRT-PCR and Western blot were utilized to validate the expression level of candidate genes. For clinical application, we constructed a nomogram, and also explored the value of RALUADS in characterizing immune infiltration features by CIBERSORT and xCell. Finally, responses to different drug therapy were predicted according to different RALUADS.

Results: Our analysis identified two gene sets from differentially expressed genes and WGCNA gene modules of RA and LUAD. Filtered by survival analysis, three most significant shared genes were selected, CCN6, CDCA4 and ERLIN1, which were all upregulated in tumors and associated with poor prognosis. The three genes constituted RA and LUAD score (RALUADS). Our results demonstrated that RALUADS was higher in tumor patients and predicted poor prognosis in LUAD patients. Clinical nomogram combining RALUADS and other clinicopathological parameters had superior performance in survival prediction (AUC = 0.722). We further explored tumor immune microenvironment (TME) affected by RALUADS and observed RALUADS was closely related to the sensitivity of multiple immune blockades, chemotherapy and targeted drugs.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that there are shared physiopathologic processes and molecular profiles between RA and LUAD. RALUADS represents an excellent prognosis predictor and immune-related biomarker, which can be applied to select potential effective drugs and for LUAD patients with RA.
Autism Spectrum Disorder and collective catering service: results of the pilot study FOOD-AUT
Authors: Conti Maria Vittoria , Santero Sara , Breda Chiara , Basilico Sara , de Filippo Giorgia , Luzzi Alessia , Voto Luana , Cavagnola Rebecca , Tomasinelli Chiara Elena , Cena Hellas
Published: January 2024

Objective

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often exhibit a low dietary diversity due to food selectivity that leads them to a marked preference for high-energy-density food, exposing them to risk of malnutrition. Despite these aspects, specific recommendations and targeted menus for this population are missing. The pilot study FOOD-AUT addresses this issue by developing canteen menus meeting the nutritional and sensory needs of adults with ASD, aiming to reduce their food selectivity, and consequently improving their health.

Methods

The project, funded by Gruppo Pellegrini S.p.A, was conducted at the daycare service of Sacra Famiglia Onlus Foundation, between March-2022 to March-2023. The study was divided into two phases. Observational phase: a comparison was made between the enrolled subjects’ nutritional needs and the nutrient content of the administered menus during the daycare service. Then mealtime compliance was assessed using standardized meal evaluation forms, both quantitative and qualitative. Intervention phase: canteen menus targeted to the individuals’ nutritional and sensory needs were administered and their acceptability was evaluated.

Results

Twenty-two individuals with ASD, aged 19–48, 72.7% males, were enrolled. Overweight and obesity prevalence were 54.5 and 18.2%, respectively. The observational phase showed how the most accepted foods had specific sensorial characteristics in line with the scientific literature. Adapting the menus improved food acceptance and reduced food waste.

Conclusion

The results highlighted the need for adapted menus and greater attention to the way meals are delivered and consumed to improve nutritional status and therefore health of this population at increased risk of malnutrition.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrial.gov, unique identifier: NCT05978895.
Optic neuropathy in craniosynostosis
Authors: Estrela Tais , Dagi Linda R.
Published: January 2024

Craniosynostosis (CS) or the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures in utero, or during the first years of life, can present in isolation or as a multisystem clinical disorder with a particular impact on visual function. Among ophthalmic complications, optic neuropathy is a significant cause of irreversible vision loss in these patients. Children with CS are at higher risk of developing elevated intracranial pressure which can lead to papilledema and, ultimately, optic atrophy. In addition, sometimes associated obstructive sleep apnea, abnormalities in central nervous system venous development, and Chiari malformation may contribute to optic neuropathy. Ophthalmologists have an important role in managing a number of coexistent ophthalmologic complications such as strabismus, anisometropia, amblyopia, ptosis, and exposure keratopathy in addition to maintaining surveillance for early signs of optic neuropathy; they play a critical consultative role contributing to the decision for primary or repeat decompressive surgery. In this article, we aim to review the etiology, diagnostic approach, and management of optic neuropathies in patients with craniosynostosis.
Outcomes of olecranon fractures in adolescents: comparison of tension band wiring and Herbert screw fixations
Authors: Yang Weiwei , Zhang Xintao , Sun Dong , Jin Shaobin , Chen Junfei , Li Yang
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Olecranon fracture is considered intra-articular when there is obvious displacement or an irregular articular surface. Such fractures should be reduced and fixed via surgery. No clear indications regarding the surgical technique to be adopted exist. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the outcomes of tension band wiring (TBW) and Herbert screw fixations for olecranon fractures.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 29 children with olecranon fractures. They were divided into the tension band wiring and Herbert screw groups. We assessed early epiphyseal closure and maximum length of the ulna using radiography. Patients were clinically evaluated using the average QuickDASH score.

Results

Both groups had good radiological outcomes. Herbert screws demonstrated advantages in terms of bleeding, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, surgery duration, and particularly the QuickDASH score (1.57 vs. 4.18, p < 0.05). Complications, including needle loosening and bursitis, occurred in five cases in the TBW group. Six cases had premature physis plate closure, and no difference was observed in limb length at 6 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Compared with TBW, Hebert screws demonstrated better clinical outcomes and lesser postoperative complications in the treatment of ulnar olecranon fractures in children. However, long-term follow-up is required to assess the effects of screws on the ulnar physis plate and ulna length.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of ilaprazole in healthy subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer in China
Authors: Yu Mengyang , Liu Shupeng , Wu Xiaofei , Wang Hongyun
Published: January 2024

Aims: This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of ilaprazole in healthy subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer in Chinese and investigate the effect of potential covariates on pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters.

Methods: Pharmacokinetic data from 4 phase I clinical trials and 1 phase IIa clinical trial of ilaprazole were included in PopPK analysis. Phoenix NLME 8.3 was used to establish a PopPK model and quantify the effects of covariate, such as demographic data, biochemical indicators and disease state on the PK parameters of ilaprazole. The final model was evaluated by goodness-of-fit plots, bootstrap analysis, and visual predictive check.

Results: A two-compartment model with first-order elimination successfully described the pharmacokinetic properties of ilaprazole. In the final PopPK model, body weight and sex were identified as statistically significant covariates for volume of peripheral compartment (Vp) and clearance of central compartment (CL), respectively, and disease status was also screened as a significant covariate affecting both CL and Vp. The validation results demonstrated the good predictability of the model, which was accurate and reliable.

Conclusion: This is the first population pharmacokinetics study of ilaprazole in the Chinese, and the PopPK model developed in this study is expected to be helpful in providing relevant PK parameters and covariates information for further studies of ilaprazole.
The role of extracellular vesicles in cholangiocarcinoma tumor microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Nuoqi , Shu Lizhuang , Liu Zengli , Shi Anda , Zhao Liming , Huang Shaohui , Sheng Guoli , Yan Zhangdi , Song Yan , Huang Fan , Tang Yongchang , Zhang Zongli
Published: January 2024

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor that originates from the biliary system. With restricted treatment options at hand, the challenging aspect of early CCA diagnosis leads to a bleak prognosis. Besides the intrinsic characteristics of tumor cells, the generation and progression of CCA are profoundly influenced by the tumor microenvironment, which engages in intricate interactions with cholangiocarcinoma cells. Of notable significance is the role of extracellular vesicles as key carriers in enabling communication between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current research examining the interplay between extracellular vesicles and the tumor microenvironment in the context of CCA. Specifically, we will emphasize the significant contributions of extracellular vesicles in molding the CCA microenvironment and explore their potential applications in the diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and therapeutic strategies for this aggressive malignancy.
Progress in pH-Sensitive sensors: essential tools for organelle pH detection, spotlighting mitochondrion and diverse applications
Authors: Li Shu-Ang , Meng Xiao-Yan , Zhang Ying-Jie , Chen Cai-Li , Jiao Yu-Xue , Zhu Yong-Qing , Liu Pei-Pei , Sun Wei
Published: January 2024

pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins have revolutionized the field of cellular imaging and physiology, offering insight into the dynamic pH changes that underlie fundamental cellular processes. This comprehensive review explores the diverse applications and recent advances in the use of pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins. These remarkable tools enable researchers to visualize and monitor pH variations within subcellular compartments, especially mitochondria, shedding light on organelle-specific pH regulation. They play pivotal roles in visualizing exocytosis and endocytosis events in synaptic transmission, monitoring cell death and apoptosis, and understanding drug effects and disease progression. Recent advancements have led to improved photostability, pH specificity, and subcellular targeting, enhancing their utility. Techniques for multiplexed imaging, three-dimensional visualization, and super-resolution microscopy are expanding the horizon of pH-sensitive protein applications. The future holds promise for their integration into optogenetics and drug discovery. With their ever-evolving capabilities, pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins remain indispensable tools for unravelling cellular dynamics and driving breakthroughs in biological research. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers seeking to harness the potential of pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins.
miR-133a-3p/TRPM4 axis improves palmitic acid induced vascular endothelial injury
Authors: Xue Yadong , Tong Tingting , Zhang Yuyao , Huang Haijun , Zhao Ling , Lv Hongzhao , Xiong Lingzhao , Zhang Kai , Han Yuxuan , Fu Yuyang , Wang Yongzhen , Huo Rong , Wang Ning , Ban Tao
Published: January 2024

Background: Vascular endothelial injury is a contributing factor to the development of atherosclerosis and the resulting cardiovascular diseases. One particular factor involved in endothelial cell apoptosis and atherosclerosis is palmitic acid (PA), which is a long-chain saturated fatty acid. In addition, transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4), a non-selective cation channel, plays a significant role in endothelial dysfunction caused by various factors related to cardiovascular diseases. Despite this, the specific role and mechanisms of TRPM4 in atherosclerosis have not been fully understood.

Methods: The protein and mRNA expressions of TRPM4, apoptosis - and inflammation-related factors were measured after PA treatment. The effect of TRPM4 knockout on the protein and mRNA expression of apoptosis and inflammation-related factors was detected. The changes of intracellular Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species were detected by Fluo-4 AM, JC-1, and DCFH-DA probes, respectively. To confirm the binding of miR-133a-3p to TRPM4, a dual luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted. Finally, the effects of miR-133a-3p and TRPM4 on intracellular Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species were examined.

Results: Following PA treatment, the expression of TRPM4 increases, leading to calcium overload in endothelial cells. This calcium influx causes the assemblage of Bcl-2, resulting in the opening of mitochondrial calcium channels and mitochondrial damage, ultimately triggering apoptosis. Throughout this process, the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, ICAM-1, and VCAM1 significantly increase. Database screenings and luciferase assays have shown that miR-133a-3p preferentially binds to the 3′UTR region of TRPM4 mRNA, suppressing TRPM4 expression. During PA-induced endothelial injury, miR-133a-3p is significantly decreased, but overexpression of miR-133a-3p can attenuate the progression of endothelial injury. On the other hand, overexpression of TRPM4 counteracts the aforementioned changes.

Conclusion: TRPM4 participates in vascular endothelial injury caused by PA. Therefore, targeting TRPM4 or miR-133a-3p may offer a novel pharmacological approach to preventing endothelial injury.
Multi-agent modeling of crowd dynamics under bombing attack cases
Authors: Ding Ning , Fan Zhenyu , Zhu Xiaopeng , Lin Shancheng , Wang Yang
Published: January 2024

Terrorist attacks are a catastrophic man-made emergent phenomenon. The current situation of international violent terrorism is severe. Public places with high-density crowds are more likely to be attacked by violent terrorists. To effectively reduce the number of casualties caused by violent terrorist incidents, it is crucial to take preventive management at the beginning of the incident. This paper analyzed the characteristics of the self-organization of crowds and terrorists in public places during a suicide bombing attack and conducted simulation experiments with an agent-based model. The simulation results show that unobstructed escape routes and controlling external sites will improve the evacuation efficiency of the crowd when a violent terrorist incident occurs; the pedestrian flow in public places affects the overall evacuation time; and timely and effective control of violent terrorists can reduce the number of casualties among the crowd. The optimized strategies obtained through experiments will help public security organs prevent violent terrorist incidents in public places and improve the efficiency of early disposal.
Creative activity and accomplishment as indicators of polymathy among gifted and nongifted students
Authors: Abdulla Alabbasi Ahmed M. , Runco Mark A. , Ayoub Alaa Eldin
Published: January 2024

This study examined domain specificity among 306 high-school students using the Creative Activity and Accomplishment Checklist (CAAC). The CAAC provides both the quantity of activity and quality of accomplishment scores, allowing an empirical test of possible polymathy among students, some of whom were gifted. Polymathy occurs when an individual performs creatively in more than one domain. This investigation’s two objectives were to replicate domain specificity studies with the newest version of the CAAC, which included new domains (i.e., technological and everyday creativity) and quality and quantity scores, and to use it to test for polymathy among students. Previous work with adults suggested that polymaths are creative in multiple domains. They often invest in creative avocations that support their professional creativity. Some evidence of polymathy was uncovered; however, it was not common in this sample. Support for domain specificity was reasonably clear in the present results, yet it was not all-or-nothing but rather a matter of degree. Domains overlapped to varying amount. The amount of overlap varied with the level of talent and from domain to domain. The clearest support for polymathy came from regression analyses which revealed a significant relationship between the quantity of activity in some domains and the quality of creative accomplishment in others. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
My home—my castle? Self-reported anxiety varies in relation to the subjective evaluation of home environment
Authors: Weber Sandra , Mascherek Anna , Augustin Jobst , Cheng Bastian , Thomalla Götz , Hoven Hanno , Harth Volker , Augustin Matthias , Gallinat Jürgen , Kühn Simone
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Although people spend most of the day in their home environment, the focus of research in environmental psychology to date has been on factors outside the home. However, it stands to reason that indoor quality likewise has an impact on psychological well-being. Therefore, the present study addresses the question of whether the subjective evaluation of home environmental parameters are related to self-reported anxiety and whether they can additionally explain variance beyond the usual sociodemographic and general lifestyle variables.

Methods

Data from the Hamburg City Health Study (first 10,000 participants) was analyzed. A subsample of N = 8,886 with available GAD-7 anxiety data was selected, and hierarchical regression models were computed, with demographic data entered first, followed by variables concerning lifestyle/habits and finally variables of the subjective evaluation of home environment.

Results

Using the integrated model, we were able to explain about 13% of the variance in self-reported anxiety scores. This included both the demographic, lifestyle, and subjective evaluation of home environment variables. Protection from disturbing night lights, a greater sense of security, less disturbing noises, brighter accommodations, and a satisfactory window view explained almost 6% of the variance and was significantly associated with lower anxiety scores.

Conclusion

The home as a place of refuge plays an increasingly important role as home office hours rise. It is therefore crucial to identify domestic factors contributing to people's mental well-being. The subjective evaluation of one's home environment has proven influential over and above modifiable lifestyle variables.
Aesthetic sensitivity: relationship with openness to experience and agreeableness, health-related quality of life and adaptive coping strategies in people with high sensory processing sensitivity
Authors: Chacón Antonio , Borda-Mas Mercedes , Rivera Francisco , Pérez-Chacón Manuela , Avargues-Navarro María Luisa
Published: January 2024

Aesthetic sensitivity in people with high sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) reflects the positive perception of life, especially aspects related to the arts and nature. This study is focused on the analysis of the effect of aesthetic sensitivity in relation to indicators of health-related quality of life (general health, mental health and emotional role), the personality traits openness to experience and agreeableness, and coping strategies in people with SPS. The adult participants (N = 10,520, mean age = 33.61) completed the Spanish versions of the High Sensitivity Person Scale (HSPS-S), Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI). It was observed that people with high aesthetic sensitivity presented greater openness and agreeableness, tended to use adaptive coping strategies and showed a slightly poorer functioning in different areas of daily living. Moreover, health-related quality of life, mental health and adaptive coping strategies occupied central positions in the correlations between variables, with a positive impact between mental health and adaptive coping strategies with openness and agreeableness. Lastly, the level of aesthetic sensitivity did not play a moderator role, and it exerted no differential influence on its relationship with the analysed variables. Now, it has been found that people with high levels of aesthetic sensitivity cope more adequately, which would cushion the effect that high SPS can have on mental health, specifically on anxious and depressive symptoms. It is concluded that these findings are relevant and useful for future propositions of prevention and clinical intervention, as well as for counselling in the psychoeducational, labour and family scopes, amongst others.
Can human-machine feedback in a smart learning environment enhance learners’ learning performance? A meta-analysis
Authors: Liao Mengyi , Zhu Kaige , Wang Guangshuai
Published: January 2024

Objective

The human-machine feedback in a smart learning environment can influences learners’ learning styles, ability enhancement, and affective interactions. However, whether it has stability in improving learning performance and learning processes, the findings of many empirical studies are controversial. This study aimed to analyze the effect of human-machine feedback on learning performance and the potential boundary conditions that produce the effect in a smart learning environment.

Methods

Web of Science, EBSCO, PsycINFO, and Science Direct were searched for publications from 2010 to 2022. We included randomized controlled trials with learning performance as outcome. The random effects model was used in the meta-analysis. The main effect tests and the heterogeneity tests were used to evaluate the effect of human-machine feedback mechanism on learning performance, and the boundary conditions of the effect were tested by moderating effects. Moreover, the validity of the meta-analysis was proved by publication bias test.

Results

Out of 35 articles identified, 2,222 participants were included in this study. Human-machine interaction feedback had significant effects on learners’ learning process (d = 0.594, k = 26) and learning outcomes (d = 0.407, k = 42). Also, the positive effects of human-machine interaction feedback were regulated by the direction of feedback, the form of feedback, and the type of feedback technique.

Conclusion

To enhance learning performance through human-machine interactive feedback, we should focus on using two-way and multi-subject feedback. The technology that can provide emotional feedback and feedback loops should be used as a priority. Also, pay attention to the feedback process and mechanism, avoid increasing students’ dependence on machines, and strengthen learners’ subjectivity from feedback mechanism.
Efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, triple-blinded, sham-controlled, crossover trial
Authors: Guimarães Rachel Silvany Quadros , Bandeira Igor D. , Barretto Bianca Lima , Wanke Thamires , Alves Clara Oliveira Carvalho , Barretto Thiago Lima , Carvalho Chrissie Ferreira de , Dorea-Bandeira Ingrid , Tolentino Arthur , Lins-Silva Daniel H. , Lucena Pedro H. , Lucena Rita
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Although pharmacological treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has demonstrated efficacy, several individuals persist in experiencing social and academic impairment. Additionally, the occurrence of significant side effects may render the use of psychotropic medications untenable. However, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, shows promising results in treating ADHD.

Objectives

To investigate the efficacy and safety of tDCS on the performance of children and adolescents with ADHD in neuropsychological tests involving visual attention, visual and verbal working memory, and inhibitory control.

Methodology

This study was a triple-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, crossover clinical trial. The intervention consisted of a daily session of tDCS (2 mA) or sham targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC), for 30 min, on five consecutive days. The primary outcome was change in the Visual Attention Test, Fourth Edition (TAVIS-4) before and after each intervention. Subjects were also evaluated pre and post-tDCS using the Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V), the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition (NEPSY-II) Inhibiting Response (IR) subtest, and the Corsi Block-Tapping Task.

Results

Fifteen individuals were included, and no statistically significant difference was observed when comparing the results of the TAVIS-4, the IR of NEPSY-II, and the intragroup Digit Span subtest of WISC-V undertaken before and after the procedure. Adverse events were mainly self-limiting and transient. The participants did not perceive any benefit from tDCS when measured on the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) Scale.

Conclusion

This study did not meet its primary endpoint and found no performance enhancement in any investigated neuropsychological outcomes relating to the intervention group.
Test anxiety and its determinants among health sciences students at Mattu University: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jarso Mohammedamin Hajure , Tariku Mandaras , Mamo Aman , Tsegaye Tesfaye , Gezimu Wubishet
Published: January 2024

Background

Test anxiety is a particular type of anxiety that is marked by physical, cognitive, and behavioural symptoms when taking and performing tests. It is defined as “severe stress” before, during, and after exams and other assessments. Test anxiety could cause poor academic performance and increase dropout rates. This study aimed to determine the levels of test anxiety and its determinants among health sciences students at Mattu University.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 421 selected students from June 1 to June 30, 2021. The study utilized the Westside Test Anxiety, the Oslo Social Support Scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the Kessler Scale to assess test anxiety, social support, self-esteem, and psychological distress, respectively. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to STATA version 14.0 for analysis. A linear regression model was used to determine factors associated with test anxiety. The multiple regression assumptions were checked for each variable. Statistically significant effects were assumed for a p-value of less than 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval in the multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 416 (99%) participants were completed out of the 420 questionnaires administered. The mean score of test anxiety among participants was 25.3 (SD: ±5.51). Tobacco use (β: 1.028; 95% CI: 0.709–1.347), khat chewing (β: 0.115; 95% CI: 0.038–0.192), self-esteem (β: −0.049; 95% CI: −0.062–(−0.036)), psychological distress (β: 0.022; 95% CI: 0.017–0.027), and physical activity (β: -0.162; 95% CI: −0.224–(−0.099)) were shown to have a significant association with test anxiety.

Conclusion

Test anxiety was common in the study area. Current substance use (tobacco use and khat chewing) and psychological distress were discovered to be factors that exacerbated test anxiety, whereas self-esteem and physical activity were discovered to be factors that alleviated test anxiety. Therefore, students and stakeholders need to work to discourage those factors that increase test anxiety while promoting factors that alleviate it.
Dimensional model of adolescent personality pathology, reflective functioning, and emotional maltreatment
Authors: Ensink Karin , Deschênes Mélissa , Bégin Michaël , Cimon Laurie , Gosselin Thomas , Wais Marissa , Normandin Lina , Fonagy Peter
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Childhood emotional abuse (CEA) is a recognized risk factor for adolescent mentalizing challenges. However, there's limited understanding about how CEA might influence personality development and elevate the risk of adolescent personality pathology. A deeper grasp of these pathways is crucial, given that adolescence is a pivotal developmental phase for identity integration, personality consolidation, and the emergence of personality disorders. As the emphasis shifts to dimensional perspectives on adolescent personality pathology, the spotlight is increasingly on adolescents' evolving personality organization (PO). Within this framework, personality disorder manifestations stem from inherent vulnerabilities in PO. A comprehensive understanding of how CEA leads to these inherent vulnerabilities in PO can inform enhanced interventions for at-risk adolescents. Nonetheless, our comprehension lacks insight into potential pathways to PO, especially those involving external factors like maltreatment and individual traits like mentalizing. This study sought to bridge these gaps by employing latent factor analysis and structural equation modeling to explore connections between emotional maltreatment, adolescent mentalizing, and PO.

Methods

A community-based cohort of 193 adolescents (aged 12–17) took part in self-report assessments: the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth (RFQ-Y), and the Inventory for Personality Organization for Adolescents (IPO-A).

Results

The structural equation model revealed a significant direct influence of CEA on both RFQ-Confusion and PO, and a noteworthy direct effect of RFQ-Confusion on PO. Remarkably, the model accounted for 76.9% of the PO variance. CEA exhibited a significant indirect impact on PO through RFQ-Confusion, which was accountable for 52.3% of the CEA effect on PO, signifying a partial mediation by mentalizing.

Discussion

These insights carry substantial clinical implications, especially for devising integrated, trauma-informed strategies for adolescents with personality pathologies. This is particularly relevant for enhancing mentalizing and bolstering personality consolidation among adolescent CEA survivors.