bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifikasi Gen Transgenik pada Produk Susu Bubuk Kedelai dan Susu Formula Soya dengan Metode PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
Authors: Wardani Agustin Krisna , Alirsyah Annisa , Fauziah Ana
Published: January 2018

The need of soybean that reached up to 2,2 million tons per year has made Indonesia imports this commodity 1,62 million tons from countries that adopt Genetically Modified (GM) soybean. By the presence of GM soybeans in Indonesia, Genetically Modified Product (GMP) labelling has need to be done. Detection of GMP can be done by using PCR. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of trangenic genetic material in soy milk powder and soy formula products to classify as GMP. Another goal was to determine the optimum annealing temperature of the primers used. Based on this study, the optimum annealing temperature of the CaMV 35S primer and the EPSPS-CP4 primer was 60oC and 59oC. The NOS terminator primer’s optimum annealing temperature was not found. 6 soy milk powder samples and 5 soy formula samples are might be determined to be using transgenic soybeans due to the presence of EPSPS-CP4 genes and CaMV 35S promotor genes. Therefore, those 11 samples were classified as GMP.ABSTRAK Kebutuhan kedelai yang mencapai 2,2 juta ton/tahun memaksa Indonesia mengimpor sebanyak 1,62 juta ton. Sebagian besar kedelai impor berupa kedelai transgenik. Dengan munculnya kedelai transgenik di Indonesia, perlu adanya pelabelan Produk Rekayasa Genetika (PRG) untuk memenuhi hak-hak konsumen. Teknik yang dilakukan untuk mendeteksi PRG salah satunya menggunakan metode PCR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya gen transgenik pada produk susu bubuk kedelai dan formula soya, sehingga produk dapat digolongkan sebagai PRG atau tidak. Selain itu juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui suhu annealing optimum pada primer yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan suhu annealing optimum primer CaMV 35S promotor adalah 60oC. Sedangkan untuk primer gen EPSPS-CP4 suhu annealing optimumnya 59oC. Untuk primer NOS terminator suhu annealing optimum tidak ditemukan. Dari amplifikasi DNA sampel, 6 sampel susu bubuk kedelai dan 5 sampel formula soya terdapat sisipan gen EPSPS-CP4 dan gen Promotor CaMV 35S. Dengan demikian 11 sampel tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai PRG. Kata kunci: Produk rekayasa genetika; PCR; formula soya; susu kedelai bubuk; kedelai transgenik
Perbaikan Metode Ekstraksi dsRNA Virus secara Sederhana untuk RT-PCR Tiga Virus Tumbuhan
Authors: Endarsih Wiwik , Hartono Sedyo , Sulandari Sri
Published: January 2018

Replicative form (RF) of RNA viruses are dsRNA structured nucleic acid, always found in plants infected by RNA virus. The principle of dsRNA extraction is based on the different affinity of nucleic acids for the cellulose powder and the specific adsorption in 16.6% ethanol buffer. The study aims to develop the simple dsRNA extraction method for the preparation of RT-PCR detection for Rehmannia mosaic virus (ReMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), and compared with commercial kit. The analysis was performed by quantification of nucleic acid with spectrophotometer, efficiency of method (level of complexity, time, cost per reaction) and sequencing. The RNA concentration with simple methode of dsRNA extraction was lower than kit extraction method but the both methods have same pure RNA result. The PCR and sequencing result showed that viral pathogen of pepper, tobacco, and tomato leaf was CMV, ReMV, and ToCV, respectively with amplicon size at 500, 568, and 360 bp. This method is quite cheap and the RNA quantity is proportional to the commercial kit. The simple method of dsRNA extraction can be proposed for the preparation of RT-PCR detection for CMV, ReMV, ToCV. IntisariReplicative form (RF) virus RNA merupakan asam nukleat berstruktur dsRNA, selalu ditemukan pada tumbuhan terinfeksi oleh virus RNA. Prinsip kerja ekstraksi dsRNA berdasarkan afinitas serbuk selulosa terhadap asam nukleat dan adsorbsi spesifik dsRNA pada konsentrasi etanol 16,6 %. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode ekstraksi dsRNA secara sederhana untuk preparasi deteksi RT-PCR terhadap Rehmannia mosaic virus (ReMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) dan dibandingkan dengan kit komersil. Data yang dibandingkan adalah kuantitas asam nukleat, analisa efisiensi metode (tingkat kerumitan, waktu, biaya per reaksi) serta sekuensing. Konsentrasi RNA hasil ekstraksi metode dsRNA secara sederhana lebih rendah dibanding dengan metode kit, namun kedua metode menghasilkan RNA yang murni. Berdasarkan hasil PCR dan sekuensing disimpulkan bahwa virus penyebab mosaik daun lada dan tembakau serta klorosis daun tomat berturut-turut adalah CMV, ReMV, dan ToCV dengan ukuran amplikon berturut turut 500, 568 dan 360 pb. Metode ini cukup murah dan kuantitas RNA yang dihasilkan sebanding dengan kit komersil. Ekstraksi RNA menggunakan metode dsRNA secara sederhana dapat dikembangkan untuk preparasi deteksi RT-PCR terhadap CMV, ReMV, ToCV.
As monarquias constitucionais e a justiça, de Cádis ao Novo Mundo: o caso da motivação das sentenças no Império do Brasil (c.1822-1850)
Authors: Slemian Andréa
Published: January 2018

O artigo questiona as transformações na cultura jurídica ibérica tendo em vista os acontecimentos políticos que experimentaram suas monarquias a princípios do século XIX, com destaque para análise da formação constitucional do Império do Brasil, à luz das experiências das Cortes de Cádis e de Lisboa. Para isso, tomamos como ponto de observação a prática das motivações das sentenças do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, instalado em 1829. Sustentamos aqui que, apesar das suas características específicas, o processo brasileiro se relaciona com o das monarquias espanhola e portuguesa no que se refere à administração da justiça, além de resultar impossível reduzi-lo a uma chave analítica que pretende enqudrá-lo dentro de uma precisa separação entre rupturas e continuidades.
El ‘constitucionalismo hispano’, la eclosión municipal y la supresión de los cabildos en el Río de la Plata, primera mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Aguero Alejandro
Published: January 2018

A diferencia de lo ocurrido en la mayor parte del antiguo “orbe hispano”, donde por influencia de la Constitución de Cádiz (1812) la revolución de los pueblos se tradujo en una “eclosión de municipios”, en el Río de la Plata los ayuntamientos fueron abolidos a lo largo de las décadas de 1820 y 1830. Mientras la historiografía latinoamericanista atribuyó a la eclosión municipalista gaditana efectos tales como la ampliación la ciudadanía y la integración del mundo rural a la política, similares consecuencias fueron parcialmente vinculadas por la historiografía argentina al proceso de abolición de las instituciones municipales. Nos preguntamos entonces cómo es posible equiparar los efectos de procesos tan radicalmente divergentes. Procuramos aquí ensayar una respuesta analizando el caso de la ciudad de Córdoba, su constitucionalización y la extinción de su ayuntamiento.
La Constitución de Cádiz: proceso constituyente y orden constitucional
Authors: Acosta Carlos Garriga
Published: January 2018

Tras repasar el proceso que conduce a su formación, el autor ensaya una caracterización de la Constitución española de 1812 como ley fundamental y constitutiva, considerando las piezas (juramento, infracciones, reforma) que la cualifican como ley suprema y determinan la mutación constitucional del orden jurídico tradicional.
Sesmarias indígenas na São Paulo colonial: uma interseção entre estatutos pessoais e situações reais
Authors: Macedo Camilla De Freitas
Published: January 2018

Neste texto são analisados os fatores do título em ordem regressiva: em primeiro lugar, decorre-se pelas situações reais, em expressão de Paolo Grossi, das aldeias indígenas com títulos de sesmaria no território de São Paulo. A expressão situações reais faz referência a uma esfera de facticidade que permite uma flexibilização dos conceitos jurídicos clássicos de dominium. A continuação, os estatutos pessoais indígenas são analisados à luz do conceito de status de etnia, usado por Bartolomé Clavero. Em suma, a interseção entre ambas esferas passa necessariamente pela configuração do poder no Antigo Regime, protagonizado pelas câmaras municipais. Nessa medida, conclui-se com o recurso ao poder doméstico como elemento articulador entre colonialismo e constitucionalismo durante o século XIX.
Emancipación: entre Derecho y Rebelión
Authors: Valdés José M. Portillo
Published: January 2018

Entre 1810 y 1825 se produjo un tránsito de inusitada envergadura en el mundo occidental: si en el primero de esos años aún existía un “mundo hispano”, en el segundo España enfrentaba su necesaria ubicación en un “mundo” donde ocupaba una posición muy poco relevante. No por ello dejó el propio gobierno de promocionar una interpretación de lo ocurrido en las dos décadas precedentes que le sirviera de soporte para la única política que los gobiernos del rey felón promovieron de hecho en América basada en la represión y la “reconquista”. El propósito de este texto es indagar sobre la utilización del lenguaje familiar, al que se vincula tan estrechamente el término más usado probablemente en la época para referir este proceso: emancipación. La intención es mostrar cómo en el setecientos se conformó un pensamiento imperial que asimiló perfectamente la retórica familiar que tanto recorrido tuvo en el tratamiento que el liberalismo peninsular dio a la “cuestión americana”. En buena medida esta suposición de superioridad peninsular en la conformación de la transatlántica “nación española” imaginada en Cádiz entre 1810 y 1812 tiene su fundamento en la nueva moral imperial que, tanto desde las orillas del trono, como desde el pensamiento ilustrado se fraguó en las décadas finales del setecientos.
Raízes históricas do nacionalismo brasileiro: da colônia ao Estado Novo
Authors: Salomão Ivan Colangelo
Published: January 2018

O nacionalismo esteve envolto à própria história da formação do Brasil em diferentes aspectos. As influências que os atores e autores nacionalistas exerceram sobre a constituição do país enquanto nação una e soberana extrapolam a reivindicação de suas causas próprias. Assim, o legado oferecido por estes personagens aos mais variados campos, sejam políticos, sociais ou econômicos, faz da análise de seu espólio tarefa obrigatória àqueles que se incubem da tarefa de alargar o entendimento acerca da realidade brasileira contemporânea.
O missionarismo protestante e as representações da América Latina no início do século XX: algumas considerações
Authors: Oliveira Guilherme Ferreira
Published: January 2018

Neste artigo reflito sobre as representações de América Latina construídas por missionários protestantes norte-americanos entre as duas primeiras décadas do século XX, com a intenção de compreender o processo de circulação e difusão da ideia de reinvenção da América Latina dentro desse círculo específico. Para tanto, apesento elementos dessas representações que estão inscritos em livros nos quais os missionários apresentam suas impressões sobre a história, os costumes e as gentes do continente e com base nessas representações, constroem estratégias e elaboram projetos para a transformação dessa parte do continente. Em mesma medida, esse conjunto de representações contribuía para legitimar a atuação missionária no campo religioso latino-americano, constituindo-se de um modelo descritivo e analítico da região sob as lentes do protestantismo missionário norte-americano.
Discurso de entrada na Academia Francesa
Authors: Djebar Assia
Published: January 2018

Discurso de entrada na Academia Francesa traduzido por Wellington Rogério da Silva.
Uma história do México no plural
Authors: Rückert Fabiano Quadros
Published: January 2018

Resenha de: REINA, Leticia; PÉREZ-MONTFORT, Ricardo (Coord.). Fin de siglos¿ Fin de ciclos? 1810, 1910, 2010. México: Siglo XXI, 2013.
The Influence of Exchange Rate on CPO Exports of Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Agung , Marwanti Sri , . Darsono
Published: January 2018

This study analyzes the effect of the exchange rate (IDR to US Dollar) on Indonesian CPO exports using Error Correction Model (ECM). The result of ECM analysis showed that exchange rate has a weak effect on Indonesian CPO export. These were due to several things; first, it takes a time to produce CPO. Second, importers are unaware of price changes. Third, policy factors, such as refusal of Indonesian CPO in USA and imposition of high import duty tariff in France. Fourth, price factor of CPO substitution goods and negative issues in the palm oil industry. Fifth, Indonesian exporters were less creative in marketing CPO products than Malaysia. ECM analysis also resulted that CPO production and CPO prices have no effect on Indonesian CPO exports, while the price of soybean oil and CPO production in the previous month has a strong influence on Indonesian CPO exports. Indonesian CPO export is inelastic.
Indonesian Banking Efficiency: Transmission to the Financial Stability Confronting ASEAN Economic Community
Authors: Ajija Shochrul Rohmatul , Yasin Mohammad Zeqi , Albra Reno
Published: January 2018

Banks are a particular type of institution within the financial system that have influence on financial stability. Their readiness will determine the government’s policy, notably in an economic era of integration. In the case of South East Asia, there is the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) which facilitates economic integration to strengthen allthe member countries. This study aims to measure bank efficiency (conventional and shariah) in Indonesia, and also establish the transmission scheme based on the estimated result through financial stability issues confronting the AEC. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate banking efficiency statically and dynamically (Malmquist Index). The result showed that technical efficiency of conventional banks is statically better than shariah banks. Meanwhile, dynamically, considering technological index, both types of banks have good results. The optimizing effort by each bank in order to increase their input utilization can be maintained through intensification of the financial program and making it more comprehensive. Subsequently, this effort hopefully can increase the number of financial participants. Eventually, increasing the number of participants will strengthen the financial stability of Indonesia.
Development of Photovoltaic Inverter for AC Load
Authors: Mohamed Yusof Nur Fairuz , Mazlan Mazwin
Published: January 2018

This project presents the development of Photovoltaic (PV) push-pull inverter for alternating current (AC) application. There are two main systems in this project which is the PV system and the inverter system. The photovoltaic system consists of the PV panel which is used to seep sunshine to recharge the battery and the solar charger controller circuit that prevent battery from surpluses voltage is connected between solar PV and battery. While the push-pull inverter play a pivotal role in switching from direct current (DC) voltage to AC voltage for the inverter system. Then the AC voltage rose to 230 V by using transformer. The push-pull inverter switching is controlled by a multi-vibrator driver circuit. This project used two light emitting diode (LED) light bulb as an AC load and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFETs) as the power switches. This project had been analysed through software and hardware prototype for comparison purposed. The efficiency of ideal system that obtains from software simulation is 94.9% while for the hardware prototype is nearly to 95%. While the total harmonic distortion (THD) for both voltage and current is 48.32% from software simulation and 47.9% from hardware prototype analysis. The results have been found in good agreement with the analysis presented in this paper.
Influence of Exposure to an Aggressive Environment on Cyclic Fatigue Response and Life of an Alloy Steel
Authors: Srivatsan Tirumalai , Manigandan K. , Patnaika A. , Srivatsan T.S.
Published: January 2018

Corrosion or environment-induced degradation often occurs in structural steel as an electrochemical process which leads to gradual loss in mass over a period when subjected to prolonged exposure to an aggressive environment. Immediate effects of this environment-induced degradation, also referred to in industry circles as corrosion, includes a progressive reduction of the cross section, which in turn has a detrimental influence on stiffness and load carrying capacity of the components in a structure, such as a bridge, a stiffened panel or a building. Due to its high strength, low alloy A572 Grade 50 steel is a potentially viable candidate for a wide range of applications in the construction industry. However, like in other high strength alloy steels, A572 is vulnerable to the effects of degradation-induced by the environment owing to its chemical composition. This paper discusses the details of tests conducted to determine the fatigue properties of A572 steel after inducing uniform environment-induced degradation or corrosion.  Flat (rectangular dog-bone shaped) specimens, conforming to specifications detailed in ASTM E8 standard, were used in this study.  A technique that was developed by the ASTM and General Motors Corporation (GM) [called GMW14872] for a controlled corrosion process based on use of the spray technique was used to induce accelerated corrosion on selected test specimens in an environment chamber.  Stress-controlled high cycle fatigue tests were conducted on the corroded test specimens and compared with the as-new, uncorroded counterpart.
Assessment of the Extent of Implementation of Quality Management System (QMS) and Cost of Quality (COQ) Concepts – A Case from a Developing Country
Authors: Ramzan M.B. , Qureshi S.M. , Ullah M. , Memon M.S. , Siddiqui M.A.
Published: January 2018

In developed countries, the application of the quality management system (QMS) is widely proven. However, in developing countries, like Pakistan, industries are not mature enough to understand and implement the system. The aim of this study is to examine the perception of quality, implementation of QMS and cost of quality (COQ) program in value-added garment sector, which is one of the major subsectors of textile industry in Pakistan. The methodology of the study is a questionnaire survey. The findings suggest that the majority of the respondent firms have well implemented quality management (QM) practices. Trend of results also depicts that most of the organizations wish to acquire ISO certification, which shows that the industrial processes are customer-centered thus striving to fulfil customer requirements. It can also be concluded that most of the organizations lack the COQ concept, its understanding and appropriate implementation.
Design of Biomechanical Legs with a Passive Toe Joint for Enhanced Human-like Walking
Authors: Zaier Riadh , Al-Yahmedi A.
Published: January 2018

This paper presents the design procedure of a biomechanical leg, with a passive toe joint, which is capable of mimicking the human walking. This leg has to provide the major features of human gait in the motion trajectories of the hip, knee, ankle, and toe joints. Focus was given to the approach of designing the passive toe joint of the biomechanical leg in its role and effectiveness in performing human like motion. This study was inspired by experimental and theoretical studies in the fields of biomechanics and robotics. Very light materials were mainly used in the design process. Aluminum and carbon fiber parts were selected to design the proposed structure of this biomechanical leg, which is to be manufactured in the Mechanical Lab of the Sultan Qaboos University (SQU). The capabilities of the designed leg to perform the normal human walking are presented. This study provides a noteworthy and unique design for the passive toe joint, represented by a mass-spring damper system, using torsion springs in the foot segment. The working principle and characteristics of the passive toe joint are discussed.  Four-designed cases, with different design parameters, for the passives toe joint system are presented to address the significant role that the passive toe joint plays in human-like motion. The dynamic motion that is used to conduct this comparison was the first stage of the stance motion. The advantages of the presence of the passive toe joint in gait, and its effect on reducing the energy consumption by the other actuated joints are presented and a comparison between the four-designed cases is discussed.
Assessing Multidimensional Poverty Based on the Sustainable Livelihood Framework: A Case Study of Hang Kia and Pa Co Communes, Mai Chau District, Hoa Binh Province
Authors: Lieu Dang Huu , Thanh Nguyen Thi Ha
Published: January 2018

Vietnamese government is officially applying standards of multidimensional poverty as a basis for poverty assessment in the period 2016-2010, overcoming limitations of income poverty’s assessing methods. However, to the authors’ point of view, its selected indicators have not yet reflected the comprehensive aspects of life, while multidimensional poverty assessment (driven from OPHI) based on sustainable livelihood framework (of DFID) is considered as a better method. This research is conducted in Hang Kia and Pa Co, the mountainous communes of Mai Chau district, Hoa Binh province, by using the later methods. Total 13 indicators under 5 livelihood sources were selected. As the results, the rates of multidimensional poverty in these two communes were shown by the insufficiency in each indicator, by communes and by kinds of poverty households. This result can be used for better decision- making on poverty reduction
Validation of A Simple HPLC-UV Method For the Quantification of Andrographolide in Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (Snedds) For Dissolution Study
Authors: Y Syukri , W. Afetma D. , M. Sirin , R. Fajri , D. K. Ningrum A. , D. Setiawan S. , A. Wibowo
Published: January 2018

This research aim to validation of a simple, rapid and accurate HPLC-UV method for the quantification of andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata Ness in Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) formulation
during the dissolution test. The assay was performed using a XTerra® MS C18 column (150 mm X 4.6 mm, five μm) with
a mobile phase of methanol and water (70: 30), at 0.8 mL/min flow rate and UV detection of 229 nm. Simulation gastric
fluid (SGF) and intestinal fluid (SIF) were prepared as dissolution medium. The validation parameter was conducted
including the test on linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, and LOQ. The result showed an excellent linearity with r = 0.999
and good selectivity for both medium dissolution. The method showed sufficient precision, with a relative standard
deviation (RSD) smaller than % Horwitz. The accuracy reported as % recovery was found to be 102.61 and 101.17 % in
each SGF and SIF dissolution medium. LOD and LOQ were found 0.46 and 1.40 in SGF medium, 0.87 and 2.64 in SIF
medium. In conclusion, the HPLC method developed showed specificity and selectivity with linearity in the working range,
good precision and accuracy and suitable for quantification andrographolide in SNEDDS formulation.
Development and Evaluation of Floating Pulsatile Drug Delivery System Using Meloxicam
Authors: Suddala ShirishaG. , Sahoo S. K. , Yamsani M. R.
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objective of this research work was to develop and evaluate the floating– pulsatile drug delivery system
(FPDDS) of meloxicam intended for Chrono pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The system consisting
of drug containing core, coated with hydrophilic erodible polymer, which is responsible for a lag phase for pulsatile
release, top cover buoyant layer was prepared with HPMC K4M and sodium bicarbonate, provides buoyancy to increase
retention of the oral dosage form in the stomach. Meloxicam is a COX-2 inhibitor used to treat joint diseases such as
osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. For rheumatoid arthritis Chrono pharmacotherapy has been recommended to
ensure that the highest blood levels of the drug coincide with peak pain and stiffness. Result and discussion: The
prepared tablets were characterized and found to exhibit satisfactory physico-chemical characteristics. Hence, the main
objective of present work is to formulate FPDDS of meloxicam in order to achieve drug release after pre-determined lag
phase. Developed formulations were evaluated for in vitro drug release studies, water uptake and erosion studies, floating
behaviour and in vivo radiology studies. Results showed that a certain lag time before drug release which was due to the
erosion of the hydrophilic erodible polymer. The lag time clearly depends on the type and amount of hydrophilic
polymer which was applied on the inner cores. Floating time and floating lag time was controlled by quantity and
composition of buoyant layer. In vivo radiology studies point out the capability of the system of longer residence time of
the tablets in the gastric region and releasing the drug after a programmed lag time. Conclusion: The optimized
formulation of the developed system provided a lag phase while showing the gastroretension followed by pulsatile drug
release that would be beneficial for chronotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Chitosan/Silk Sericin Blend Microparticles Prepared by Water-in-Oil Emulsification-Diffusion for Controlled Release of Silk Sericin Antioxidant
Authors: Phromsopha Theeraphol , Baimark Yodthong
Published: January 2018

This study aimed to develop the novel drug delivery carriers to control the release of silk sericin antioxidant. The chitosan/silk sericin blend microparticles were successfully prepared by the water-in-oil emulsification-diffusion method.
Influence of silk sericin ratio on characteristics and in vitro silk sericin release behaviors of the blend microparticles was
investigated. All the spherical-shaped blend microparticles had an average size of 41 – 48 m and could load the silk sericin
in high loading efficiency (69 – 75%). The FTIR and thermogravimetric results indicated the blend microparticles with
different silk sericin contents can be prepared by varying the silk sericin feed ratio. The blend microparticles exhibited
sustained release profiles of the silk sericin. The in vitro silk sericin release content increased as the silk sericin ratio
increased. Antioxidant activities of the blend microparticles assessed by FRAP assay were more than the neat chitosan
microparticles and steadily increased with the silk sericin ratio. The results demonstrated that the chitosan/silk sericin blend
microparticles prepared by the water-in-oil emulsification-diffusion method should be useful drug delivery carriers for the
controlled release silk sericin antioxidant.
Analyzing the Impacts of Restructuring on the Turkish State-Owned Banks
Authors: SARISAKALOGLU Gazi , BILGIN Mustafa
Published: January 2018

The subject of this research is to compare the performance based on determined criteria of the state owned banks in Turkey before 10 years and after 14 years from 2001 the date they were included in a restructure program. The t-test method is used in the study. According to the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the most successful state-owned bank was Halkbank with a small margin in front of Ziraat Bank after the year that the restructuring program was implemented. Ziraat Bank, as well as having the second most positive development of public banks in terms of analysis ratios, it has almost equal proportions with Halkbank in terms of asset quality and branch ratios. Halkbank is ranked first as usual in terms of branch ratios. All state owned banks are subject to the close rates for branch ratios. When evaluating the performance of public banks in general over a total of 36 criteria, they showed positive development for 26 criteria. That means after the restructuring program that we called 2nd period in the study public banks became more successful based on established criteria.
Foreword
Authors: EPURE Manuela
Published: January 2018

Digital world is changing constantly and the way in which it affects our life and work seems to be dramatically and somehow unpredictable. New skills and competencies are required and more than ever our learning efforts must be equally distributed between old, traditional and new knowledge, more abundant and diverse far from what you learned before and beyond any imagination a decade ago.Performance at work is redefined in such a way that has no connection at all with what was expected from us at the beginning of our working life. We have been trained to use our knowledge to solve problems, now we need to be trained to use machine learning systems to deal with complex problems and to relay on artificial intelligence when it comes about understanding our digital world and his diverse connectivity with our real life.....
Authors: Moreira Alan Leite , Pontes Ana Paula Furtado Soares
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar e discutir a motivação e a vivência do estágio não obrigatório desenvolvido por estudantes de Pedagogia que atuam em setores/projetos não diretamente relacionados ao ensino na Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com a coordenadora de estágio da instituição, com os supervisores/orientadores de estágio e com os estagiários. O tratamento desses dados se deu por meio da análise de conteúdo. A partir das falas dos sujeitos referenciadas, considerou-se que, apesar da Universidade ter uma motivação para a oferta das vagas aos estudantes de Pedagogia distinta das pretensões desses acadêmicos, ainda assim, o estágio proporciona aos estagiários uma experiência que contribui para uma melhor formação dos estudantes, embora careça de aperfeiçoamento.
Quadrinhos: uma abordagem multimodal para o ensino de Filosofia
Authors: Beraldi Gabriel Moreira , Coimbra Alda Maria
Published: January 2018

A complexidade da realidade que nos cerca exige múltiplas formas de interação, interpretação e reação que transcendem o ler e escrever, fazendo com que o processo de ensino e aprendizagem seja alvo de profunda reflexão. Dessa forma, estudos recentes apontam para a importância da questão do multiletramento e da multimodalidade no contexto escolar. Letrar-se não é o mesmo que ser alfabetizado, vai além do decifrar códigos, diz respeito a dar significado a eles (CATTO, 2013; FERRAZ, 2008; FIGUEIREDO; GUARINELLO, 2013). Nesse sentido há múltiplos letramentos que se constroem de muitos modos. Para fundamentar essa discussão contamos com as contribuições de Halliday (1994) sobre a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, e de Fairclough (2003), com a Análise Crítica do Discurso (2003), para quem todo discurso traz consigo uma visão de mundo e uma carga ideológica. Nesse sentido, apresentamos uma sequência didática para a disciplina de Filosofia, no 2º ano do Ensino Médio, em uma instituição pública estadual, cujo objetivo é fazer uma análise do Mito da Caverna de Platão (2000) lançando mão de recursos de pré-leitura, leitura e pós-leitura, além de reproduzir, em forma de HQ, o texto platônico, possibilitando aos alunos (re) fazer relações entre este e a realidade.
Negritude e infância negra: usos e sentidos em contos de Mãe Beata de Yemonjá
Authors: Da Silva Alex Sander , Vitorio Janaina Damasio , Canarim Guilherme Oreste
Published: January 2018

Neste artigo vamos tratar do tema da negritude e da infância negra e sua relação com contos afro-brasileiros. Com o mito da democracia racial no Brasil, houve um processo de esvaziamento dos sentidos de negritude. Em consequência ocorreu um forte esgotamento da infância negra, fazendo com que as crianças tenham dificuldade de se afirmarem negras. Ansiamos discutir as seguintes questões: há uma infância negra? Em havendo, qual é o seu lugar na sociedade? Como ela se apresenta? Qual a sua importância na formação das identidades negras? Em que sentido pode se pensar a infância negra na a partir de contos afro-brasileiros? Nesse sentido, pretendemos trazer o tema da negritude e da infância negra confrontados em seus usos e sentidos em contos afro-brasileiros. Nosso intuito é apresentar um breve panorama dos conceitos, confrontando-se com narrativas de Beatriz Moreira Costa, Mãe Beata em sua obra “História que a minha vó contava” (2004). A tentativa é mostrar as possibilidades de superação dos esvaziamentos e esgotamentos da infância negra em nossos ambientes formativos.
Editorial
Authors: Pacífico Juracy Machado , Bueno José Lucas Pedreira
Published: January 2018

Este é o terceiro número do Volume 4 (2017), o número nove (N° 9), da Revista EDUCA - Revista Multidisciplinar em Educação que iniciou publicação em 2014 e, no ano de 2017, inaugurou uma nova fase, passando a ter edições com periodicidade quadrimestral.
National Standards 2016: Retrospective Insights, Continuing Uncertainties and New Questions
Authors: Thrupp Martin
Published: January 2018

New Zealand’s National Standards policy has been deeply controversial in the education sector, especially amongst primary teachers and principals. This article provides a view of the National Standards from their introduction up until 2016, nearly a decade after they were first mooted. The issues covered: (i) offer retrospective insights, (ii) acknowledge continuing uncertainties, or (iii) ask questions that had become newly relevant by 2016. They include processes within the Ministry of Education, the role of advisory groups, the public release of National Standards data, and the origins and impact of the National Standards. They also include whether teachers and principals have been gradually won over to the National Standards, use of the National Standards in ‘social investment’, the Progress and Consistency Tool and possible wider political purposes of headline policies like the National Standards. A theme that connects the issues is concern about policy processes. The article concludes by calling for a more genuine commitment by Government to evidence-informed policy.
Professional learning and development in early childhood education: A shifting landscape of policies and practice
Authors: Cherrington Sue
Published: January 2018

This article traces shifts in the New Zealand early childhood professional, regulatory and policy landscape, and examines how these shifts create challenges and opportunities for early childhood teachers’ engagement in professional learning and development (PLD). It presents current understandings about effective PLD for teachers in the early childhood and wider education literature before arguing that professional learning communities offer promising opportunities to support early childhood teachers’ engagement in effective PLD in a shifting policy and practice landscape.
Tama Samoa: Exploring Identities in Secondary School
Authors: Rimoni Fuapepe
Published: January 2018

This paper draws on a recent doctoral study which demonstrated ways that Tama Samoa (Samoan boys) enact their identities as Samoans authentically within the New Zealand secondary school context. Identity is complex and is not generally taken into consideration in the literature on education success and achievement of Pacific students in New Zealand.  Recognising Pacific identities as being fluid, diverse and multi-dimensional, and engaging with the voices of tama Samoa enables a greater understanding and thus better support for tama Samoa and their educational success within the secondary school context.
Enhancing student teacher self-efficacy beliefs to teach priority learners in New Zealand
Authors: Hansen Sally , Sewell Alison , Fernando Sarojinie , Safa Abdelhamid
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to explore the changes in student teacher efficacy beliefs for teaching priority learners over the course of a one-year postgraduate initial teacher education programme. The sample comprised 23 participants enrolled in the 2015 cohort in a pilot initial teacher education programme specifically tailored to enhance student teacher expertise to teach priority learners. Participants completed a specially designed and refined self-efficacy scale – Self-Efficacy with Diverse Learners: Student Teacher Scale – that targeted their efficacy beliefs about successfully promoting learning for priority learners at the start and at the end of their programme. Changes in efficacy beliefs were statistically measured and the findings indicated that student teacher efficacy beliefs for teaching priority learners had improved significantly over the course of their teacher education programme. In particular, the findings showed that their reported efficacy beliefs for implementing strategies for teaching English speakers of other languages, students with low socioeconomic status, and Māori learners had nearly doubled. Such findings have significant implications for teacher education reforms that aim to enhance student teacher adaptive expertise and in so doing, assist with the long-term goal of achieving more equitable educational outcomes in New Zealand.
Foucault y Guibert, la palabra y el silencio.
Authors: Fernández Agis Domingo
Published: January 2018

Cuando Hervé Guibert habla de su relación con Michel Foucault, en las páginas de sus novelas, A l’ami qui ne m’a pas sauvé la vie y Le protocole compassionnel, está narrando la verdad de su experiencia, la verdad de Foucault como él la ha conocido. Es innegable que esta verdad no es la verdad del mismo Foucault. Guibert narra aquello que, sin  condenar a Foucault, puede facilitarle a él mismo su absolución. Ciertos detalles son quizá bastante crueles, pero nos hacen pensar en la relación muy particular que Foucault ha mantenido con su rica herencia intelectual. Los recelos del filósofo hacia el futuro de su obra nos dicen que era muy consciente del valor de sus contribuciones al pensamiento contemporáneo. Después de haber reflexionado sobre sus vidas y sus obras, se comprende que el compromiso apasionado con la escritura de estas dos personalidades tan creativas, tiene tanta importancia como su compromiso con la vida. TITLE: Foucault, Guibert , the speech and the silenceABSTRACT: When Hervé Guibert talks about his relationship with Michel Foucault, in the pages of his novels, A l’ami qui ne m’a pas sauvé la vie and Le protocole compassionnel, he is telling the truth of their  experience, the truth of Foucault as he has known it. It is undeniable that this truth is not Foucault’s truth. Guibert tells only that which, without condemning Foucault, can provide his acquittal. Certain details are perhaps rather cruel, but they make us think of the very special relationship that Foucault had with its rich intellectual heritage. The philosopher’s misgivings about the future of his work tell us that he was well aware of the value of their contribution to contemporary thought. He has always wanted to underline its willingness to produce new guidelines to thinking, and he has succeeded. Therefore, he does not want the fruits of their labour from being betrayed, however good the intentions were that they did. After reflecting on their lives and works, it is understood that the passionate commitment of these two very reative characters with their writing, is as important as their commitment to life.
Versiones del Trauma: LaCapra, Caruth y Freud”/“Versions of the Trauma: LaCapra, Caruth and Freud
Authors: Sanfelippo Luis
Published: January 2018

This article sheds light on the concept of “trauma” present in some passages of the works of Dominick LaCapra and Cathy Caruth, and their debts with Sigmund Freud’s conceptions. It also examines the specific proposals of the Viennese intellectual, which can help avoid a purely descriptive use of that concept. Special attention has been paid to the way these authors conceive memory and time, and to potential uses of the concept of trauma for some historical cases.Key WordsTrauma, repression, literality, nachträglich, economic perspective.ResumenEl presente artículo examina el concepto de “trauma” presente en algunos pasajes de las obras de Dominick LaCapra y Cathy Caruth, así como sus deudas con las concepciones de Sigmund Freud. También se estudia las propuestas específicas del intelectual vienés, que pueden a ayudar a evitar un uso puramente descriptivo de dicho concepto. Se ha prestado especial atención al modo en dichos autores conciben la memoria y la temporalidad, y a algunos usos potenciales del concepto de trauma para ciertos casos históricos.Palabras clavesTrauma, represión, literalidad, nachträglich, perspectiva económica.
Entre Ranke y Merlín. El bretonismo político y su historiografía romántico-positivista”/“Between Ranke and Merlin. The Bretonist Mouvement and its Romantic-Positivist Historiography
Authors: Rubio Caballero José Antonio
Published: January 2018

This article examines the so-called Bretonism, a cultural and political movement fuelled by Romanticism, Positivism and Proto-Nationalism. Emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century, Bretonism took the shape of an historical school devoted to justifying, through of the study of the past, the main elements of its own devotees’ political opinions, namely ideological conservatism, distrust of the liberal-democratic system, and, above all, a national narrative over Brittany, which are to be represented as an ethnic community culturally different from the rest.Key WordsNationalism, regionalism, Britanny, positivism.ResumenEste artículo examina el llamado “Bretonismo”, un movimiento político y cultural alimentado por el Romanticismo, el positivismo y el protonacionalismo. Surgido en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, el Bretonismo tomó la forma de una escuela historiográfica consagrada a justificar, mediante el estudio del pasado, los principales elementos políticos de sus cultivadores, es decir, conservadurismo ideológico, recelos hacia el sistema liberaldemocrático, y por encima de todo, un relato “nacional” sobre Bretaña, que pasará a ser presentada como una comunidad étnica culturalmente diferenciada de todas las demás.Palabras claveNacionalismo, Bretaña, positivismo, romanticismo.
Quentin Skinner en los inicios de su trayectoria intelectual: su visión de la historia de las ideas”/“Quentin Skinner at the Beginning of his Intellectual Path: his View on the History of Ideas
Authors: Garcia Sigman Luis Ignacio
Published: January 2018

This article is intended to succinctly present the main features of the methodological approach developed by Quentin Skinner at the initial moments of his intellectual career. We shall examine both his criticisms to the prevailing conceptions of the history of ideas, the so-called “textualism” and “social contextualism”, and his efforts devoted to overcoming the weaknesses of traditional interpretative cannon and to delving into the historical nature of ideas.Key WordsIntellectual history, history of ideas, linguistic contextualism.ResumenEste trabajo se propone presentar de manera sucinta los principales rasgos del enfoque metodológico de Quentin Skinner en los momentos iniciales de su trayectoria intelectual. Se analiza la crítica del autor a las concepciones dominantes de la historia de las ideas, a los llamados “textualismo” y “contextualismo social”, así como los esfuerzos del mismo dirigidos a superar debilidades del canon interpretativo tradicional y profundizar en el carácter histórico de la ideas.Palabras claveHistoria intelectual, historia de las ideas, contextualismo lingüístico
Hacer la historia cultural. Una revisión de la producción historiográfica argentina reciente a través de revistas especializadas”/“Making Cultural History. A Review of the Current Argentina Historical Production through Specialized Journals
Authors: Portelli María Belén , Reyna Franco D.
Published: January 2018

This article examines some trends and challenges of cultural history in Argentina historiography in the last decades. More than a state of the art, it intends an overview of the main theoretical and methodological aspects involved in the construction of historical knowledge. Its objective is to offer a critical analysis of the ways of constructing narratives in the field of cultural history. To that purpose we have used two specialized journals: Punto de Vista and Prismas.Key Words:Cultural history, intellectual history, representations, historiography, methodology.ResumenEl presente artículo examina algunas tendencias y desafíos de la historia cultural en la historiografía argentina de las últimas décadas. Más que un estado de la cuestión, lo que se pretende es un repaso por los principales aspectos teóricos y metodológicos que sirven a la construcción del conocimiento histórico. El propósito es ofrecer un análisis crítico de las formas de construir los relatos en el campo de la historia cultural. Para ello se han utilizado dos revistas especializadas: Punto de Vista y Prismas.Palabras clave:Historia cultural, historia intelectual, representaciones, historiografía, metodología
Las memorias nacionales: conflictos y límites / National Memories: Conflicts and Limitations
Authors: Erice Sebares Francisco
Published: January 2018

This article examines the relevance of the concept of national memory and its limits, defending the convenience of using an idea of collective memory which includes nations, these understood as specific communities of memory. It also analyses some key mechanisms in the diffusion by the States of a narrative on the past that is linked to the construction of national identity and legitimation of politics in the present. This diffusion is regarded as in a usually conflictive interaction with memories of groups or smaller collectives, as well as with other national communities.Key WordsCollective memory, communities of memory, national memory, teaching of history, commemorations, national identityResumenEste artículo se interroga sobre la pertinencia del concepto de memoria nacional y los límites de su aplicación, y defiende la utilidad de una noción de memoria colectiva extensible a las naciones entendidas como especificas comunidades de memoria. También analiza a algunos mecanismos claves en la difusión, desde los Estados, de un relato sobre el pasado ligado a la construcción de la identidad nacional y la legitimación de las políticas del presente. La difusión de la memoria nacional se entiende en interacción, generalmente conflictiva, con las memorias de grupos y entidades menores, o con las de otras comunidades nacionales.Palabras claveMemoria colectiva, comunidades de memoria, memoria nacional, enseñanza de la historia, conmemoraciones, identidad nacional.
“Carlo Ginzburg, microhistoria y escala. El caso del vinatero calvinista / Carlo Ginzburg, Microhistory and Scale: the Case of the Calvinist Vintner
Authors: Fernández García Blanca
Published: January 2018

Over the past forty years historiography has been affected by typically postmodern epistemological crises, which have questioned two of its basic principles: the universality and the possibility to reach the truth in its narratives. In this article, we shall reflect on the Italian historian Carlo Ginzburg’s answer to this crossroads. His works, from the first steps of microhistory to the most recent debates on literary fiction, combine a methodology, which may be considered in principle as postmodern, with rigorous historical investigations. We analyze how this methodology contributes however to the revaluation of the modern historiographical principles prior to postmodernityKey WordsCarlo Ginzburg, Eric J. Hobsbawm, postmodernity, historiography, story, fiction, proof.ResumenEn los últimos cuarenta años, la historiografía se ha visto afectada por crisis epistemológicas típicamente posmodernas que han cuestionado dos de sus principios básicos: la universalidad y la posibilidad de alcanzar la verdad en sus relatos. En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la respuesta del historiador italiano Carlo Ginzburg ante esta encrucijada. Sus trabajos, desde los primeros pasos de la microhistoria hasta los debates más recientes en torno a la ficción literaria, combinan una metodología que, en principio, se puede juzgar posmoderna con rigurosas investigaciones históricas. Se analiza en qué modo esta metodología contribuye, sin embargo, a revalorizar los principios de la historiografía moderna previos a la posmodernidad.Palabras claveCarlo Ginzburg, Eric J. Hobsbawm, posmodernidad, historiografía, relato, ficción, prueba