bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature affects growth allometry and development patterns in brown trout (Salmo trutta) fry: a multitrait approach
Authors: Réalis-Doyelle Emilie , Gisbert Enric , Alcaraz Carles , Teletchea Fabrice , Pasquet Alain
Published: July 2017

To study the influence of temperature (4, 6, and 12 °C) on the development of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from hatching to the end of metamorphosis, an analysis of allometric growth patterns was conducted to identify two different groups of individuals, namely developmental phases at total lengths (TL) ranging from 2.72 cm at 4 °C to 2.22 cm at 12 °C. Then, a multitrait approach considering different variables like the survival rate, development time, morphometric characteristics, energetic value, and skeletal mineralization was conducted on these two groups. Results indicated that the first growth phase was slower at 4 °C, whereas the second was also slower at this temperature, even though swimming behavior was already present. However, at 12 °C, fry showed a delay in their development (i.e., lower levels of skeletal mineralization and energetic content) during the first growth phase, but they compensated during the second growth phase, reaching the same size in TL when compared with the other temperatures (4 and 6 °C); fry at 12 C° showed low energy reserves. Our study demonstrated that the use of an allometric analysis to identify different developmental stages coupled with a multitrait approach was more efficient than a classical distinction between biological stages (hatching, emergence, first food intake, and exogenous feeding), and this procedure is of interest when evaluating the impact of rearing conditions on early development in fish.
Responses of growth and leaf phenolics in European aspen (Populus tremula) to climate change during juvenile phase change
Authors: Nissinen Katri , Virjamo Virpi , Randriamanana Tendry , Sobuj Norul , Sivadasan Unnikrishnan , Mehtätalo Lauri , Beuker Egbert , Julkunen-Tiitto Riitta , Nybakken Line
Published: July 2017

In trees, the change from juvenile to adult vegetative phase can last for years. In Populus tremula L., this phase change is characterized by a morphological change in leaf shape, as leaves in the seedling phase typically are sharp-tipped, while saplings and trees have round-tipped leaves. In an open-field experiment, we studied the separate and combined effects of enhanced temperature and UVB radiation on 2-year-old P. tremula plantlets undergoing phase change. The concentration of salicylates was higher in the seedling-phase plants than in tree-type plants. In contrast, the concentration of condensed tannins was higher in the tree-type plants but only under ambient temperature. Enhanced temperature increased growth of the plants and the concentration of some salicylate compounds, and it decreased concentrations of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and condensed tannins. In addition, in the seedling-phase plants, the severity of rust infections decreased and herbivore damage increased under warming. The effects of enhanced UVB radiation were weaker, as concentrations of only two flavonoid compounds increased under enhanced UVB radiation. Based on our results, climate change may have a moderate delaying effect on the physiological development of both sexes of P. tremula, which may lead to lowered performance in their normal habitat in the future.
A Game Theoretical Real Options Framework for Investment Decisions in Mobile TV Infrastructure
Authors: Razzac Amal Abdel , Salahaldin Linda , Elayoubi Salah Eddine , Hayel Yezekael , Chahed Tijani
Published: July 2017

This work presents a strategic investment framework for mobile TV infrastructure. We address the question of whether an operator should enter the mobile TV market and, if yes, how and when to do so. We perform a capacity and QoS analysis that shows that Mobile TV is not a simple added-on service but requires new planning strategies that need heavy investments. We consider two possible settings: a competitive mobile TV network where a digital video broadcasting (DVB) operator and a cellular network operator build their independent networks and a cooperative setting where the TV network is mainly relying on a DVB infrastructure whose coverage can be complemented by a cellular network. Two main issues alter the investment decision of the stakeholders, namely, the market uncertainty and the competition or the willingness of cooperation between the main technological players. We define a game theoretical real options framework and propose a novel bi-level dynamic programming algorithm that solves the underlying profit maximization problem. Our numerical results illustrate the optimal investment decisions of both actors and the impact of the system parameters as well as the degree of uncertainty on the investment dates.
Thermal buffering performance of composite phase change materials applied in low-temperature protective garments
Authors: Yang Kai , Jiao Mingli , Yu Yuanyuan , Zhu Xueying , Liu Rangtong , Cao Jian
Published: July 2017

Phase change material (PCM) is increasingly being applied in the manufacturing of functional thermo-regulated textiles and garments. This paper investigated the thermal buffering performance of different composite PCMs which are suitable for the application in functional low-temperature protective garments. First, according to the criteria selecting PCM for functional textiles/garments, three kinds of pure PCM were selected as samples, which were [Formula: see text]-hexadecane, [Formula: see text]-octadecane and [Formula: see text]-eicosane. To get the adjustable phase change temperature range and higher phase change enthalpy, three kinds of composite PCM were prepared using the above pure PCM. To evaluate the thermal buffering performance of different composite PCM samples, the simulated low-temperature experiments were performed in the climate chamber, and the skin temperature variation curves in three different low temperature conditions were obtained. Finally composite PCM samples’ thermal buffering time, thermal buffering capacity and thermal buffering efficiency were calculated. Results show that the comprehensive thermal buffering performance of [Formula: see text]-octadecane and [Formula: see text]-eicosane composite PCM is the best.
INFLUENCE OF FLUORIDE ION CONCENTRATIONS ON THE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF Ta2N NANOCRYSTALLINE COATING FOR DENTAL IMPLANT APPLICATIONS
Authors: XU JIANG , MA JIN JIN , MUNROE PAUL , XIE ZONG-HAN
Published: July 2017

The development of new corrosion-resistant coatings is often challenging, but strongly driven by the potential benefits such coatings hold. A nanostructured Ta2N coating was deposited on a Ti–6Al–4V substrate in an Ar–N atmosphere using a double cathode glow discharge plasma method with the aim being to improve its corrosion resistance in oral environments. The microstructure of the coating was investigated by a range of methods including XRD, SEM-EDS and TEM. The as-deposited coating exhibited densely packed fibrous structure and the individual fibers were composed of equiaxed grains with an average grain size [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm, arranged along the longitudinal axis of the individual fibers. The electrochemical behavior of the Ta2N nanocrystalline coating was characterized in artificial saliva containing different NaF concentrations by a range of electrochemical techniques, including potentiodynamic measurement, EIS, capacitance and PZFC measurements. It was shown that the coating possessed superior corrosion resistance compared to uncoated Ti–6Al–4V, because its passive film exhibited higher stability against the fluoride ion attack.
Generalized Shannon’s entropies in position and momentum spaces
Authors: Flores-Gallegos N.
Published: July 2017

In this report, we present three generalized expressions of Shannon’s entropy using the electron densities of position and momentum spaces. Such expressions were obtained using the definition of deformed logarithm introduced by Tsallis. We show that only one expression fulfils the dimensionless criterion, it is strictly positive overall space and follows a growing behavior with respect to the electron number. We also found that by using some values of [Formula: see text], it is possible to reproduce the general trends of the radial distribution in position space and momentum space of the neon atom.
High Attrition Rate Determinants: Case Study of the Malaysian ICT Sector
Authors: Ahmed Elsadig Musa , Yang Tan Khai
Published: July 2017

This study attempts to establish the factors determining high attrition rate for Information and Commiunication Technology (ICT) sector in Malaysia. The high attrition rate determinants include job opportunity, job stability, job satisfaction, managerial support and talent management. The sampling techniques for this study are based on purposive and non-probability approach where the sampling process only involved employees from ICT companies with Multimedia Supercorridor (MSC) status in Malaysia. The questionnaire has been delivered to 300 employees from local and multinational ICT companies with MCS status in Malaysia via email. Out of 300 questionnaires sent out, 115 questionnaires were received and 8 were not completed, thus the overall response rate for the study is 35.67%. Based on the result, four determinants (job opportunity, job stability, managerial support and talent management) were found having positive relationship with attrition rate for ICT sector in Malaysia. However, job satisfaction was found to be having a negative relationship with the attrition rate for ICT sector in Malaysia. This study identified the most important determinants that cause high attrition rate for ICT sectors in Malaysia. The findings of this study expected to help organisations in ICT sectors to have better guidance and clearer direction while implementing employee retention strategies to reduce the attrition rate.
Acoustic Influence on the Vibration of a Cylindrical Membrane Drum Filled with a Compressible Fluid
Authors: Gascón-Pérez Manuel
Published: July 2017

The study of the dynamic behavior of a membrane in contact with a fluid is interesting due to the numerous applications in technology. The vibro-acoustic behavior of a circular membrane in a cylindrical container or a membrane drum filled with a nonviscous fluid is analyzed. A boundary element method is used and the acoustic pressure over the boundary is calculated employing the Kirchhoff’s integral equation and that with the equation of motion of the membrane, the natural frequencies of vibration are obtained. Furthermore, the effect of the drum height, drum radius, membrane material density, tension parameter and fluid density on the frequencies are evaluated, as well as the variation of the fluid mass coefficient with the wave number. Validation of the method is made comparing the results with those obtained by other authors and theories.
RETURN AND VOLATILITY SPILLOVER BETWEEN SECTORAL STOCK AND OIL PRICE: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: MALIK MUHAMMAD IRFAN , RASHID ABDUL
Published: July 2017

This paper aims to investigate the return and volatility spillover between world oil prices and the sectoral stock of Pakistan. We estimate a bivariate VAR(1)-AGARCH (1,1) model using weekly data sampled from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2015. The model results are used to estimate the optimal portfolio weights and hedge ratios. The empirical findings suggest no short-run price transmission between world oil prices and stock sectors of Pakistan Stock Exchange. Only the past unexpected shocks in world oil prices has significant effect on the volatility of sectoral stock returns of Pakistan Stock Exchange, and no volatility spillover exist between world oil price and stock sectors. The optimal portfolio weights and hedge ratios for oil/stock holdings are sensitive to sectors considered. These findings are of great interest for policy makers, hedge fund managers, [Formula: see text] investors and market participants.
EXPLICIT FORMULAE FOR PARAMETERS OF STOCHASTIC MODELS OF A DISCOUNTED EQUITY INDEX USING MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION WITH APPLICATIONS
Authors: FERGUSSON K.
Published: July 2017

A discounted equity index is computed as the ratio of an equity index to the accumulated savings account denominated in the same currency. In this way, discounting provides a natural way of separating the modeling of the short rate from the market price of risk component of the equity index. In this vein, we investigate the applicability of maximum likelihood estimation to stochastic models of a discounted equity index, providing explicit formulae for parameter estimates. We restrict our consideration to two important index models, namely the Black–Scholes model and the minimal market model of Platen, each having an explicit formula for the transition density function. Explicit formulae for estimates of the model parameters and their standard errors are derived and are used in fitting the two models to US data. Further, we demonstrate the effect of the model choice on the no-arbitrage assumption employed in risk neutral pricing.
A Survey and Perspectives on Mathematical Models for Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Using Lightning
Authors: Minjarez-Sosa Carlos Manuel , Waissman Julio
Published: July 2017

Lightning is one of the most spectacular phenomena in nature. It is produced when there is a breakdown in the resistance in the electric field between the ground and an electrically charged cloud. By simple observation, we observe that precipitation, especially the most intense, is often accompanied by lightning. Given this observation, lightning has been employed to estimate convective precipitation since 1969. In early studies, mathematical models were deduced to quantify this relationship and used to estimate precipitation. Currently, the use of several techniques to estimate precipitation is gaining momentum, and lightning is one of the novel techniques to complement the traditional techniques for Quantitative Precipitation Estimation. In this paper, the authors provide a survey of the mathematical methods employed to estimate precipitation through the use of cloud-to-ground lightning. We also offer a perspective on the future research to this end.
Response of South American Terrestrial Ecosystems to Future Patterns of Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Pereira Marcos Paulo Santos , Costa Marcos Heil , Justino Flavio , Malhado Ana Cláudia Mendes
Published: July 2017

Global warming in the first half of the 21st century is likely to have profound influences on South American vegetation and climate. Although coupled atmosphere-biosphere models have been widely used to forecast future vegetation patterns under various scenarios of global warming, they have not been used to assess the potentially critical role of variations in sea surface temperature (SST) in modifying the climate-vegetation interactions. Here, we use monthly output of a 100-year coupled model run to investigate the relationship between SST, precipitation, and productivity of vegetation. Specifically, we assess statistical correlations between SST variability and vegetation in six different South America regions: Northern South America, Western Amazonia, Eastern Amazonia, Northeast Brazil, Central Brazil, and Patagonia. Our model robustly simulates changes in mean precipitation, net primary production (NPP), upper canopy leaf area index (LAI), and lower canopy LAI under warming and nonwarming scenarios. Most significantly, we demonstrate that spatial-temporal variability in SST exerts a strong influence over the vegetation dynamics in all six South American regions.
The Protective Effect of Salidroside on Hypoxia‐Induced Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Transformation
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zhao Jian-feng , Zhao Fan , Yan Jun-feng , Yang Fan , Huang Xiao-jun , Chen Gang , Fu Hui-ying , Lv Bo-dong
Published: July 2017

Salidroside, a major active ingredient isolated from Rhodiola rosea, has a long application in Chinese medical history. It has widely demonstrated effects on fatigue, psychological stress, and depression and exhibits potential antihypoxia activity. Emerging evidence shows that hypoxia is an important independent risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of salidroside on hypoxia‐induced phenotypic transformation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs). Our results showed that salidroside decreased the hypoxia‐induced expression of collagen and content of vimentin, a corpus cavernosum smooth muscle synthetic protein, in vitro. Simultaneously, salidroside increased expression of the CCSMC contractile proteins, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and desmin. In vivo, similarly, the expressions of collagen and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α were increased in bilateral cavernous neurectomy (BCN) rats while they were decreased in the salidroside group. Among the phenotypic proteins, α‐SMA and desmin increased and vimentin decreased after treating BCN rats with salidroside compared with the BCN alone group. Overall, our results demonstrate that salidroside has the ability to oppose hypoxia and can inhibit the CCSMC phenotypic transformation induced by hypoxia. Salidroside may provide a new treatment method for ED.
Seismic Response Analysis of Concrete Lining Structure in Large Underground Powerhouse
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Chen Juntao , Xiao Ming , Wu Danqi
Published: July 2017

Based on the dynamic damage constitutive model of concrete material and seismic rock‐lining structure interaction analysis method, the seismic response of lining structure in large underground powerhouse is studied in this paper. In order to describe strain rate dependence and fatigue damage of concrete material under cyclic loading, a dynamic constitutive model for concrete lining considering tension and shear anisotropic damage is presented, and the evolution equations of damage variables are derived. The proposed model is of simple form and can be programmed into finite element procedure easily. In order to describe seismic interaction characteristics of the surrounding rock and lining, an explicit dynamic contact analysis method considering bond and damage characteristics of contact face between the surrounding rock and lining is proposed, and this method can integrate directly without iteration. The proposed method is applied to seismic stability calculation of Yingxiuwan Underground Powerhouse, results reveal that the amplitude and duration of input seismic wave determine the damage degree of lining structure, the damage zone of lining structure is mainly distributed in its arch, and the contact face damage has great influence on the stability of the lining structure.
Prostatic Abscess after Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy Caused by ESBL Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: An Additional Challenge to Postoperative Sepsis
Authors: Saleh Asem , Kibeida Abdelnasir , Amin Elsaid , Khalil Abdalla , Abu Shakra Rafat , Elwakil Mohamed
Published: July 2017

Postoperative septic complications of hemorrhoids surgical interventions are rare, but very serious with high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and prompt therapy are essential to save patient’s life. There are a good number of articles and case reports about these septic complications. We are presenting a case report of a prostatic abscess caused by extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae after hemorrhoidopexy. Our patient was a healthy middle aged Saudi male who has no significant medical history apart from morbid obesity and recurrent urinary tract infections. ESBL producing K. pneumoniae could be detected only after aspiration of the prostatic abscess, but proper antibiotic was introduced intravenously on admission before culture of aspirate of the abscess was available. Antibiotic was continued for 30 days and abscess resolved completely. In our electronic search, we could not find any case report of prostatic abscess after stapled hemorrhoidopexy caused by ESBL producing organism. This is an additional challenge for treating physicians as these organisms are sensitive only to one group of antibiotics (carbapenem group).
Recent Progress in the Fabrication of Low Dimensional Nanostructures via Surface-Assisted Transforming and Coupling
Authors: Hu Jinbang , Liang Zhaofeng , Shen Kongchao , Sun Haoliang , Jiang Zheng , Song Fei
Published: July 2017

Polymerization of functional organics into covalently cross-linked nanostructures via bottom-up approach on solid surfaces has attracted tremendous interest recently, due to its appealing potentials in fabricating novel and artificial low dimensional nanomaterials. While there are various synthetic approaches being proposed and explored, this paper reviews the recent progress of on-surface coupling strategies towards the synthesis of low dimensional nanostructures ranging from 1D nanowire to 2D network and describes their advantages and drawbacks during on-surface process and phase transformations, for example, from molecular self-assembly to on-surface polymerization. Specifically, Ullmann reaction is discussed in detail and the mechanism governing nanostructures’ transforming effect by surface treatment is exploited. In the end, it is summarized that the hierarchical polymerization combined with Ullmann coupling makes it possible to realize the selection of different synthetic pathways and phase transformations and obtain novel organometallic nanowire with metalorganic bonding.
Lycium barbarumPolysaccharides Protect Rat Corneal Epithelial Cells against Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis by Attenuating the Mitochondrial Pathway and Inhibiting JNK Phosphorylation
Authors: Du Shaobo , Han Biao , Li Kang , Zhang Xuan , Sha Xueli , Gao Lan
Published: July 2017

Lycium barbarumpolysaccharides (LBPs) have been shown to play a key role in protecting the eyes by reducing the apoptosis induced by certain types of damage. However, it is not known whether LBPs can protect damaged corneal cells from apoptosis. Moreover, no reports have focused on the role of LBPs in guarding against ultraviolet B- (UVB-) induced apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of LBPs against UVB-induced apoptosis in rat corneal epithelial (RCE) cells. The results showed that LBPs significantly prevented the loss of cell viability and inhibited cell apoptosis induced by UVB in RCE cells. LBPs also inhibited UVB-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, downregulation ofBcl-2, and upregulation ofBaxand caspase-3. Finally, LBPs attenuated the phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) triggered by UVB. In summary, LBPs protect RCE cells against UVB-induced damage and apoptosis, and the underlying mechanism involves the attenuation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the inhibition of JNK phosphorylation.
Comparative Phenotype and Genome Analysis ofCellvibriosp. PR1, a Xylanolytic and Agarolytic Bacterium from the Pearl River
Authors: Xie Zhangzhang , Lin Weitie , Luo Jianfei
Published: July 2017

Cellvibriosp. PR1 is a xylanolytic and agarolytic bacterium isolated from the Pearl River. Strain PR1 is closely related toCellvibrio fibrivoransandC. ostraviensis(identity > 98%). The xylanase and agarase contents of strain PR1 reach up to 15.4 and 25.9 U/mL, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16:0 (36.7%), C18:0 (8.8%), C20:0 (6.8%), C15:0iso 2-OH or/and C16:1ω7c (17.4%), and C18:1ω7c or/and C18:1ω6c (6.7%). A total of 251 CAZyme modules (63 CBMs, 20 CEs, 128 GHs, 38 GTs, and 2 PLs) were identified from 3,730 predicted proteins. Genomic analysis suggested that strain PR1 has a complete xylan-hydrolyzing (5β-xylanases, 16β-xylosidases, 17α-arabinofuranosidases, 9 acetyl xylan esterases, 4α-glucuronidases, and 2 ferulic acid esterases) and agar-hydrolyzing enzyme system (2β-agarases and 2α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolases). In addition, the main metabolic pathways of xylose, arabinose, and galactose are established in the genome-wide analysis. This study shows that strain PR1 contains a large number of glycoside hydrolases.
Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Using Fe3O4@SiO2 Magnetic Nanoparticles Followed by UV-Vis Spectrometry for Determination of Paraquat in Plasma and Urine Samples
Authors: Sha Ou , Wang Yu , Yin Xin , Chen Xiaobing , Chen Li , Wang Shujun
Published: July 2017

A rapid and simple method was optimized and validated for the separation and quantification of paraquat, a frequently used herbicide and a leading cause of fatal poisoning worldwide, at trace levels with UV-Vis spectrophotometry in plasma and urine samples by direct magnetic solid-phase extraction. Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were used as the magnetic solid-phase extraction agents and the paraquat absorbed on NPs was eluted using NaOH and ascorbic acid. Upon optimization, paraquat could be extracted and concentrated from various samples by 35-fold. The linear range, limit of detection (LOD), correlation coefficient (R), and relative standard deviation (RSD) could reach 15.0–400.0 μg/L, 12.2 μg/L, 0.9987, and 0.65% (n=5, c = 40.0 μg/L), respectively. The Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs could be reused up to five times. The method was successfully applied to the determination of paraquat in urine and plasma at different hemoperfusion numbers in a local hospital for the patient of paraquat poisoning. The experiment result could not only enable immediate medical intervention but also benefit patients’ survival.
SPE/TLC/Densitometric Quantification of Selected Synthetic Food Dyes in Liquid Foodstuffs and Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Sobańska Anna W. , Pyzowski Jarosław , Brzezińska Elżbieta
Published: July 2017

Selected synthetic food dyes (tartrazine, Ponceau 4R, Brilliant Blue, orange yellow, and azorubine) were isolated from liquid preparations (mouthwashes and beverages) by Solid Phase Extraction on aminopropyl-bonded silica with diluted aqueous sodium hydroxide as an eluent. The extraction step was followed by thin layer chromatography on silica gel 60 with chloroform-isopropanol-25% aq. ammonia 1 : 3 : 1 (v/v/v) as mobile phase and the densitometric quantification of dyes was achieved using quadratic calibration plots (R2>0.997; LOQ = 0.04–0.09 μgspot−1). The overall recoveries for all studied dyes were at the average level of over 90% and the repeatability of the proposed procedure (CV ≤ 4.1%) was sufficient to recommend it for the routine quantification of the aforementioned dyes in liquid matrices.
Scrotal Abscess Drained by Iatrogenic Urethral Fistula in an Adult Diabetic Male
Authors: Stizzo Marco , Arcaniolo Davide , Quattrone Carmelo , Balsamo Raffaele , Terribile Marco , Manfredi Celeste , Mirone Vincenzo , Verze Paolo , De Sio Marco
Published: July 2017

A 46-year-old Caucasian male has been transferred to our urology department with a history of septic fever, uncompensated diabetes, pain, and scrotal swelling. On clinical examination, the left inguinal and scrotal area was swollen, tender, and painful; scrotal MR had been performed, showing the catheter tip in scrotal cavity and presence of gas. The case was diagnosed as scrotal abscess with urethroscrotal fistula. He was successfully treated with scrotal incision, drainage, catheter repositioning under fluoroscopic control, antibiotics, and insulin. This patient developed an infection of scrotum, which led to subcutaneous abscess getting worse by a poorly controlled glycemia. In this case, an iatrogenic fistula, caused by wrong catheterization, stops the evolving to a Fournier’s Gangrene. Early detection and intervention provide opportunities to improve outcome of this disease.
Oligopeptide Transporters of the SLC15 Family Are Dispensable for Peptidoglycan Sensing and Transport in Drosophila
Authors: Capo Florence , Chaduli Delphine , Viallat-Lieutaud Annelise , Charroux Bernard , Royet Julien
Published: July 2017

Peptidoglycan (PGN) detection by PGN recognition proteins (PGRP) is the main trigger of the antibacterial immune response in Drosophila. Depending on the type of immune cell, PGN can be sensed either at the cell membrane by PGRP-LC or inside the cell by PGRP-LE, which plays a role similar to that of Nod2 in mammals. Previous work, mainly in cell cultures, has shown that oligopeptide transporters of the SLC15 family are essential for the delivery of PGN for Nod2 detection inside of the cells, and that this function might be conserved in flies. By generating and analyzing the immune phenotypes of loss-of-function mutations in 3 SLC15 Drosophila family members, we tested their role in mediating PGRP-LE-dependent PGN activation. Our results show that Yin, CG2930, and CG9444 are required neither for PGRP-LE activation by PGN nor for PGN transport from the gut lumen to the insect blood. These data show that, while intracellular PGN detection is an essential step of the antibacterial response in both insects and mammals, the types of PGN transporters and sensors are different in these animals.
Bone Mineral Density in Women Living with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and Intact Testes or Removed Gonads
Authors: Bertelloni Silvano , Meriggiola Maria C. , Dati Elenora , Balsamo Antonio , Baroncelli Giampiero I.
Published: July 2017

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is due to complete androgen resistance in androgen-dependent tissues. Since androgens are involved in growth, development, and mass maintenance of the skeleton, bone health may be a relevant clinical issue for improving quality of life of women living with CAIS. Bone mineral density (BMD) in women with CAIS and intact gonads has been reported in a normal range, although exceptions are known showing a low BMD mainly at the lumbar level. In women with CAIS and removed gonads, BMD is usually reduced at both the lumbar spine and femoral neck. However, the fracture risk remains largely unknown. In women with CAIS, hormonal replacement therapy may improve BMD, but it does not normalize it. Several factors may be operative (e.g., loss of AR signaling at the bone level, gonadal removal, and age at surgery [before or after attainment of the peak bone mass], inadequate sex steroid replacement therapy, poor compliance with hormonal treatment, high serum FSH levels, lack of testicular protein hormones after gonadal removal), but they are poorly evaluated. In conclusion, the maintenance of testes may represent a strategy to improve bone health in women with CAIS, but a strict follow-up to monitor the cancer risk is mandatory mainly from their 20s onwards. Optimal sex steroid substitutive therapy in adolescence and adulthood is a key factor to improve BMD status in women with CAIS and removed gonads, but conclusive data on optimal management are lacking.
Clinical Usefulness of Urinary Liver Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Excretion for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury during the First 7 Days and the Short-Term Prognosis in Acute Heart Failure Patients with Non-Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Shirakabe Akihiro , Hata Noritake , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Okazaki Hirotake , Matsushita Masato , Shibata Yusaku , Nishigoori Suguru , Uchiyama Saori , Asai Kuniya , Shimizu Wataru
Published: July 2017

Background: The clinical significance of urinary liver fatty acid-binding protein (u-LFABP) in acute heart failure (AHF) patients remains unclear. Methods and Results: The u-LFABP levels on admission of 293 AHF patients were analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the u-LFABP quartiles (Q1, Q2, and Q3 = low u-LFABP [L] group vs. Q4 = high u-LFABP [H] group). We evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of u-LFABP and compared the findings between the chronic kidney disease (CKD; n = 165) and non-CKD patients (n = 128). Acute kidney injury (AKI) during the first 7 days was evaluated based on the RIFLE criteria. In the non-CKD group, the number of AKI patients during the first 7 days was significantly greater in the H group (70.0%) than in the L group (45.6%). A multivariate logistic regression model indicated that the H group (odds ratio: 3.850, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.128-13.140) was independently associated with AKI during the first 7 days. The sensitivity and specificity of u-LFABP for predicting AKI were 63.6 and 59.7% (area under the ROC curve 0.631) at 41.9 ng/mg × cre. A Cox regression model identified the H group (hazard ratio: 13.494, 95% CI 1.512-120.415) as an independent predictor of the 60-day mortality. A Kaplan-Meier curve, including all-cause death within 60 days, showed a significantly poorer survival rate in the H group than in the L group (p = 0.036). Conclusions: The u-LFABP level is an effective biomarker for predicting AKI during the first 7 days of hospitalization and an adverse outcome in AHF patients with non-CKD.
Primary Cystic Pleuropulmonary Synovial Sarcoma Presenting as Recurrent Pneumothorax
Authors: Johnson Eric D. , Downs-Kelly Erinn , Bull David A. , Gulbahce H. Evin
Published: July 2017

Primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcomas are quite rare, representing 0.1–0.5% of all pulmonary malignancies. We report an entirely cystic monophasic synovial sarcoma in a 25-year-old male who presented with recurrent pneumothorax and no evidence of a mass lesion on imaging. The purpose of this case report is to increase awareness of neoplasms clinically presenting as a pneumothorax with no imagining evidence of a mass-forming lesion and emphasize the significance of fluorescent in situ hybridization testing in nontypical synovial sarcoma cases.
Epidermolytic Acanthoma on Fingers, Mimicking Flat Warts
Authors: Rojhirunsakool Salinee , Jirasuthat Suthep , Chanprapaph Kumutnart
Published: July 2017

Epidermolytic acanthoma (EA) is a benign cutaneous condition. It is characterized by warty or flat-topped, keratotic papules that show epidermolytic hyperkeratosis in histology. EA has been described to occur in various locations, namely the trunk, face, and genitoscrotal area. However, it has not been previously reported to involve the palmar area. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first reported case of EA involving the palms and fingers.
Application of Long Noncoding RNAs in Osteosarcoma: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Li Zhihong , Dou Pengcheng , Liu Tang , He Shasha
Published: July 2017

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents. Although improvements in therapeutic strategies were achieved, the outcome remains poor for most patients with metastatic or recurrent osteosarcoma. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel and effective prognostic biomarker and therapeutic targets for the disease. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel class of RNA molecules defined as transcripts >200 nucleotides that lack protein coding potential. Many lncRNAs are deregulated in cancer and are important regulators for malignancies. Nine lncRNAs (91H, BCAR4, FGFR3-AS1, HIF2PUT, HOTTIP, HULC, MALAT-1, TUG1, UCA1) are upregulated and considered oncogenic for osteosarcoma. Loc285194 and MEG3 are two lncRNAs downregulated and as tumor suppressor for the disease. Moreover, the expressions of LINC00161 and ODRUL are associated with chemo-resistance of osteosarcoma. The mechanisms for these lncRNAs in regulating development of osteosarcoma are diverse, e.g. ceRNA, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, etc. The lncRNAs identified may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.
A construção do espectador teatral contemporâneo
Authors: Carneiro Leonel Martins
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo aborda historicamente a construção da figura teórica do espectador teatral contemporâneo. Tal assunto é tratado a partir de uma revisão do lugar do espectador em importantes escritos das áreas de teatro, filosofia, psicologia, antropologia, entre outros, que contribuíram ao longo do último século para a compreensão da experiência do espectador do teatro. Diante de tal quadro teórico, propõe-se a necessidade de aproximar-se a teoria do evento real, produzindo uma reflexão que esteja ancorada em pessoas contemporâneas reais.
Reflexões sobre os esforços na formação de plateia para o teatro paulistano
Authors: Freire Vítor
Published: July 2017

Este artigo reflete sobre os esforços governamentais na formação de plateia para o teatro na cidade de São Paulo. Com foco na produção de teatro profissional, e com especial atenção ao segmento de teatro de grupo, o texto assume uma preocupação com a necessidade de ampliar o público não especializado interessado em assistir a espetáculos teatrais, visando à sustentabilidade artística e financeira desta linguagem artística. No decorrer do artigo, são analisados projetos, atuais e já extintos, voltados à aproximação entre público e teatro, observando a distinção entre o “fazer teatro” e o “ver teatro”, e a permanência do problema que é o teatro não se configurar como uma atividade desejada para o tempo livre do cidadão.
“Correr riscos” é o que quer o público da nova geração
Authors: Freire Giselle Alves
Published: July 2017

O artigo lança uma reflexão sobre o texto de Fischer-Lichte Realidade e ficção no teatro contemporâneo e o teatro na América do Sul. A experiência de crise causada por esse movimento desarmou o teatro do realismo psicológico e ficcional, propondo uma ruptura através do real manifestado pelo corpo fenomenal do ator em cena. Essa dicotomia será relacionada com o fato do público da nova geração estar em crise, como apontou Ruth Manus em um artigo publicado no jornal O Estado de São Paulo. Ela afirma que os jovens de hoje (já inseridos no mercado de trabalho) fazem parte da geração que deseja correr riscos. Eles abandonam seus empregos formais e buscam novos padrões de sucesso baseados em uma vida simples, o que confronta com o futuro que seus pais querem para eles. Neste artigo abordo como a tensão artista e espectador reflete essa crise.
Dramaturgia performativa e produção de corporeidades nos trabalhos do La Carnicería Teatro
Authors: Damasceno Camila , Bonfitto Matteo
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo foi elaborado como desdobramento das reflexões a respeito da relação entre criação dramatúrgica performativa e produção de corporeidades no trabalho do grupo espanhol La Carnicería Teatro. A abordagem parte de uma visão fenomenológica e foca nas corporeidades presentes na cena, que se constrói como sistema de tensões e instabilidades a partir das fricções entre materialidades e discursos, gerando uma multiestabilidade perceptiva tanto nos atuantes quanto no público.
Eu/Público, Eu/Cena: o espectador em ação através dos dispositivos tecnológicos
Authors: Saturnino Andrea Caruso
Published: July 2017

As contribuições das novas tecnologias à cena contemporânea nos convidam a repensar a questão da presença cênica, tanto real como mediatizada, na perspectiva da percepção e também de apropriação do público. Este artigo aborda espetáculos que convocam o público à participação por via de ferramentas tecnológicas, especialmente Situation Rooms, do coletivo Rimini Protokoll, e Pendente de Voto, de Roger Bernat. Trata-se de refletir sobre a questão da especificidade dessas escrituras teatrais emergentes, que por um lado trazem de volta o próprio diretor ao cerne do trabalho criativo e, por outro, torna o público sujeito ativo na construção dos espetáculos.
Quando olhar é fazer: do espectador convidado ao espectador ausente
Authors: Veloso Verônica
Published: July 2017

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o estatuto do espectador na cena performativa contemporânea e os resquícios dessa figura no campo da performance. Possíveis categorias para se pensar o espectador são identificadas em alguns experimentos teatrais e performativos fundados no ato de caminhar no contexto urbano. Para além do espectador convidado são considerados também os passantes e aqueles que acessam a performance por intermédio de outras materialidades, a fotografia por exemplo. A ação passa a prescindir da presença do espectador, uma vez que se dirige para a câmera, e esse deslocamento nem sempre valoriza o documento em detrimento do corpo, mas necessariamente o inclui como constitutivo do ato performático.
Prospective Relation of Circulating Adipokines to Incident Metabolic Syndrome: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Zachariah Justin P. , Quiroz Rene , Nelson Kerrie P. , Teng Zhaoyang , Keaney John F. , Sullivan Lisa M. , Vasan Ramachandran S.
Published: July 2017

Background

Adipokines are elaborated by adipose tissue and are associated with glycemic, lipid, and vascular traits. We hypothesized that in a cross‐sectional analysis circulating adipokines are altered among subsets of obesity stratified by presence versus absence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and prospectively predict the incidence of MetS.

Methods and Results

Participants in the community‐based Framingham Third Generation Cohort who attended examination cycle 1 were included in the study (2002–2005; N=3777, mean age, 40 years; 59% women). Circulating adiponectin, leptin, leptin receptor, fetuin‐A, fatty acid–binding protein 4, and retinol binding protein 4 were assayed and related to incident MetS in follow‐up (mean 6 years). The adipokines were compared among individuals with excess body weight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m
2
) and prevalent MetS, excess body weight without MetS (metabolically healthy obese), and normal‐weight with MetS (metabolically obese, normal‐weight) with normal‐weight participants without MetS as a referent. Metabolically healthy obese individuals (n=1467) had higher circulating levels of fetuin‐A and fatty acid–binding protein 4 but lower levels of leptin, leptin receptor, and adiponectin (
P
<0.001 for all). The adipokine panel was associated with incident MetS (263 new‐onset cases;
P
=0.002). Higher circulating concentrations of retinol‐binding protein 4 and fetuin‐A were associated with incidence of MetS (odds ratio per 1‐
SD
increment log marker, 1.21; 95%
CI
, 1.03–1.41 [
P
=0.02] and 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01–1.34 [
P
=0.03], respectively).

Conclusions

In our community‐based sample of young to middle‐aged adults, metabolically healthy obese individuals demonstrated an adverse adipokine profile. Higher circulating levels of retinol‐binding protein 4 and fetuin‐A marked future cardiometabolic risk.
Out of Africa: The Challenges, Evolution, and Opportunities of African Military History
Authors: Thomas Charles G. , Doron Roy
Published: July 2017

Since their inception, African studies have endeavored to dispel the harmful racialized stereotypes of the African people. However, these efforts have been uneven and some aspects of African history have remained immersed in colonial dehumanized tropes. The sub-discipline of African military history has been one such aspect due in part to structural issues involved in its generation. However, with these structural issues slowly being overcome by advances in the discipline, the development of African institutions, and the expansion of historical inquiry, there are now a multitude of African military historical inquiries that might be successfully pursued. In turn, these inquiries will help transform the understanding of African military practices from a racialized discussion of slave raids and massacres to a nuanced examination of a complex socio-political practice.
A new species of the genus Comidoblemmus Storozhenko & Paik (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) from Xizang, China
Authors: WU LING , LIU HAO-YU
Published: July 2017

A new species is described from China, Comidoblemmus yigongensis sp. nov. (Xizang: Bomi), which is illustrated with habitus, head and supra anal plate of both sexes and genitalia of male. A key for identification of all species of the genus Comidoblemmus is presented.
Client Insights on Knowledge use and Access in Return to Work
Authors: Shaw Lynn , Bondy Karen , Dodman Jillian
Published: July 2017

Background

An emerging trend in work practice is to move knowledge into the hands and minds of the end-users—our clients.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate clients’ perspectives on their experiences, needs, and preferences for accessing and using information to make decisions in resuming work and living with disability.

Methods

Data from a grounded theory study with a sample of 14 participants with chronic disabilities from three regions across Canada were analyzed using the constant comparative method.

Findings

Barriers revealed the pervasive struggles of clients in accessing and communicating information. Clients need places, resource people as well as access to diverse formats, and material to support knowledge use. Clients engaged themselves in interpreting or acting upon knowledge through planning for contingencies, appraising the self in context, and reflecting and learning from others.

Implications

Findings advance the conceptual understanding of knowledge translation principles and processes needed to support clients in making decisions about return-to-work. Opportunities for policy change and for occupational therapists to support knowledge brokering and translation are elaborated.
Political Profiles
Authors: Bose Shankar
Published: July 2017

Political scientists interested in measuring political stability over time have been concerned with changes in vote or seat shares only. Some have also considered number of contestants or parties and have used measures such as average change or per party change. But an important aspect of political stability, namely, the continuity of political actors, has always been ignored. This article takes both the overlap in vote or seat shares and continuity of actors into consideration in developing a new index of political stability.
Political Socialization of U.S. and Japanese Adults
Authors: Krauss Ellis S. , Fendrich James M.
Published: July 2017

The study of political socialization has long neglected the influence of adult roles on adult political belief and behavior, in favor of attention to the supposedly formative experiences of childhood and adolescence. Similarly, although we have numerous studies of the background and politicization of the student activists of the 1960s, we have almost no systematic evidence of how the leftism and activism of their college years has weathered the transition to adulthood. This article presents a study of the relative effects of adult role experience—occupation, family, and voluntary associational membership—versus the enduring influence of college political beliefs and participation on samples of student activists and nonactivists of the 1960s in the United States and Japan. Citing the methodological weaknesses of earlier political socialization research, the authors use true longitudinal data and causal modeling and multivariate data analysis techniques. The results indicate that, although college identification and behavior continued to some extent into adulthood, adult role socialization also had strong and independent effects, but effects that varied greatly across the two countries. Differences in adult role cultures in the United States and Japan are used to explain these cross-national variations and their consequences for patterns of political protest in the two countries.
Electoral Instability in Four Nordic Countries, 1950-1977
Authors: Borre Ole
Published: July 2017

In the last decades the parliamentary elections in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden have displayed signs of increasing instability. The purpose of the study is to assess this trend for the four countries and to discuss some possible causes of it. Official electoral data for the period 1950-1977 are utilized. The result of the analysis suggests that partisan instability can be interpreted mainly as a consequence of changes in the set of alternatives facing the voters at different elections, rather than as a consequence of changing or unstable voter attitudes.
Women in the Bible and Its World
Authors: Perkins Pheme
Published: July 2017

Jesus' healing, preaching, and death are not about abstractions like “patriarchal system,” but seek to establish new patterns of personal relationship and human solidarity among all women and men, bringing liberation and healing even to those at the margins of society.