bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Cleaved Form of Osteopontin by THP-1 Cells and Its Alteration by Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate and BCG Infection
Authors: Bai Gaowa , Motoda Hirotoshi , Ozuru Ryo , Chagan-Yasutan Haorile , Hattori Toshio , Matsuba Takashi
Published: January 2018

The protease-cleaved osteopontin (OPN) was proposed to enhance the migration of memory T cells to granulomas in tuberculosis. Various forms of OPN were identified in human monocytic THP-1 cells stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Antibodies O-17, 10A16 and 34E3, which recognize N-terminus, the C-half, and thrombin-cleaved site of OPN, respectively, all detected distinct bands on Western blots following PMA stimulation. Bands corresponding to 18 and 30 kD were detected by antibodies 34E3 and 10A16, indicating that OPN cleavage occurred by endogenous proteases in the PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells. In immune-fluorescence (IF) assay, 34E3 positive signals were detected in intracellular space of non-infected and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-infected cells; however, 10A16 positive signals were confirmed in extracellular area in PMA-stimulated cells followed by BCG infection. Small amounts of full-length (FL) and thrombin-cleaved (Tr) OPN were detected by ELISA in the supernatants of non-PMA-stimulated cells, and increased levels of all forms, including undefined (Ud) OPN, in PMA-stimulated cells. ELISA showed a decrease in OPN synthesis during BCG infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of OPN cleavage in THP-1 macrophages after PMA stimulation, and of enhanced cleavage induced by BCG infection.
Expansion of Sphingosine Kinase and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Function in Normal and Cancer Cells: From Membrane Restructuring to Mediation of Estrogen Signaling and Stem Cell Programming
Authors: Sukocheva Olga
Published: January 2018

Sphingolipids, sphingolipid metabolizing enzymes, and their receptors network are being recognized as part of the signaling mechanisms, which govern breast cancer cell growth, migration, and survival during chemotherapy treatment. Approximately 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) positive and, thus, rely on estrogen signaling. Estrogen activates an intracellular network composed of many cytoplasmic and nuclear mediators. Some estrogen effects can be mediated by sphingolipids. Estrogen activates sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and amplifies the intracellular concentration of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in breast cancer cells during stimulation of proliferation and survival. Specifically, Estrogen activates S1P receptors (S1PR) and induces growth factor receptor transactivation. SphK, S1P, and S1PR expression are causally associated with endocrine resistance and progression to advanced tumor stages in ER-positive breast cancers in vivo. Recently, the network of SphK/S1PR was shown to promote the development of ER-negative cancers and breast cancer stem cells, as well as stimulating angiogenesis. Novel findings confirm and broaden our knowledge about the cross-talk between sphingolipids and estrogen network in normal and malignant cells. Current S1PRs therapeutic inhibition was indicated as a promising chemotherapy approach in non-responsive and advanced malignancies. Considering that sphingolipid signaling has a prominent role in terminally differentiated cells, the impact should be considered when designing specific SphK/S1PR inhibitors. This study analyzes the dynamic of the transformation of sphingolipid axis during a transition from normal to pathological condition on the level of the whole organism. The sphingolipid-based mediation and facilitation of global effects of estrogen were critically accented as a bridging mechanism that should be explored in cancer prevention.
Cigarette Smoking Promotes Infection of Cervical Cells by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses, but not Subsequent E7 Oncoprotein Expression
Authors: Chatzistamatiou Kimon , Moysiadis Theodoros , Vryzas Dimos , Chatzaki Ekaterini , Kaufmann Andreas , Koch Isabel , Soutschek Erwin , Boecher Oliver , Tsertanidou Athena , Maglaveras Nikolaos , Jansen-Duerr Pidder , Agorastos Theodoros
Published: January 2018

Persistent cervical infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the development of cervical cancer. Therefore, there are other co-factors facilitating the hrHPV carcinogenic process, one of which is smoking. To assess the effect of smoking on high-risk (hr) HPV DNA positivity and on the expression of HPV E7 oncoprotein, as a surrogate of persistent hrHPV infection, we used data from women recruited for the PIPAVIR project, which examined the role of E7 protein detection in cervical cancer screening. Women were tested for hrHPV DNA, using Multiplex Genotyping (MPG), and E7 protein, using a novel sandwich ELISA method, and gave information on their smoking habits. Among 1473 women, hrHPV prevalence was 19.1%. The odds ratio (OR) for hrHPV positivity of smokers compared to non-smokers was 1.785 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.365–2.332, p < 0.001). The ORs for E7 positivity, concerning hrHPV positive women, ranged from 0.720 to 1.360 depending on the E7 detection assay used, but this was not statistically significant. Smoking increases the probability of hrHPV infection, and smoking intensity is positively associated to this increase. Smoking is not related to an increased probability of E7 protein positivity for hrHPV positive women.
Protic Ionic Liquids for Lignin Extraction—A Lignin Characterization Study
Authors: Achinivu Ezinne
Published: January 2018

Protic ionic liquids (PILs) have been established as effective solvents for the selective extraction and recovery of lignin from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we utilize extensive analytical techniques to characterize the PIL-extracted lignins to (1) expand on the physical/chemical structure, and to (2) develop a better understanding of the mechanism behind the lignin dissolution process. The PIL-lignins were characterized using elemental and FT-IR analyses, alongside molecular weight distribution and chemical modeling via MM2. For the more ionic pyrrolidinium acetate ([Pyrr][Ac]), there is an increase in the fragmentation of lignin, resulting in lignin with a smaller average molecular weight and a more uniform dispersity. This lends better understanding to previous findings indicating that higher ionicity in a PIL leads to increased lignin extraction.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications in 2017
Authors:   Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications maintains high quality standards for its published papers [...]
Optimization of Friction Stir Weld Joint Quality Using a Meshfree Fully-Coupled Thermo-Mechanics Approach
Authors: Fraser Kirk , Kiss Laszlo , St-Georges Lyne , Drolet Dany
Published: January 2018

There is currently a need for an efficient numerical optimization strategy for the quality of friction stir welded (FSW) joints. However, due to the computational complexity of the multi-physics problem, process parameter optimization has been a goal that is out of reach of the current state-of-the-art simulation codes. In this work, we describe an advanced meshfree computational framework that can be used to determine numerically optimized process parameters while minimizing defects in the friction stir weld zone. The simulation code, SPHriction-3D, uses an innovative parallelization strategy on the graphics processing unit (GPU). This approach allows determination of optimal parameters faster than is possible with costly laboratory testing. The meshfree strategy is firstly outlined. Then, a novel metric is proposed that automatically evaluates the presence and severity of defects in the weld zone. Next, the code is validated against a set of experimental results for ½” AA6061-T6 butt joint FSW joints. Finally, the code is used to determine the optimal advancing speed and rpm while minimizing defect volume based on the proposed defect metric.
Remembering Professor Benito Casu (1927–2016)
Authors: Torri Giangiacomo , Cassinelli Giuseppe
Published: January 2018

Heparin and related drugs have contributed in so many different ways to the drug discovery process, and have provided a platform to understand the pathophysiology of vascular and inflammatory diseases for nearly 100 years.
Marine Natural Peptides: Determination of Absolute Configuration Using Liquid Chromatography Methods and Evaluation of Bioactivities
Authors: Phyo Ye’ Zaw , Ribeiro João , Fernandes Carla , Kijjoa Anake , Pinto Madalena M. M.
Published: January 2018

Over the last decades, many naturally occurring peptides have attracted the attention of medicinal chemists due to their promising applicability as pharmaceuticals or as models for drugs used in therapeutics. Marine peptides are chiral molecules comprising different amino acid residues. Therefore, it is essential to establish the configuration of the stereogenic carbon of their amino acid constituents for a total characterization and further synthesis to obtain higher amount of the bioactive marine peptides or as a basis for structural modifications for more potent derivatives. Moreover, it is also a crucial issue taking into account the mechanisms of molecular recognition and the influence of molecular three-dimensionality in this process. In this review, a literature survey covering the report on the determination of absolute configuration of the amino acid residues of diverse marine peptides by chromatographic methodologies is presented. A brief summary of their biological activities was also included emphasizing to the most promising marine peptides. A case study describing an experience of our group was also included.
Dietary Balance Index-07 and the Risk of Anemia in Middle Aged and Elderly People in Southwest China: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Qin Guanghe , Liu Zhitao , Li Zi , Li Juanjuan , Varma Deepthi , Wan Qingqing , Zhao Jiang , Min Xiangdong , Han Xingmeng , Liu Min
Published: January 2018

A balanced diet is essential to achieve and maintain good health. In this study, we assessed diet quality of middle aged and elderly people based on Chinese Diet Balance Index-07 (DBI-07) and explored the associations between DBI-07 and anemia. Data analyzed for this study was from the 2010–2012 National Nutrition and Health Survey in Yunnan province, southwest China (n = 738, aged 50–77 years). Dietary recalls over there consecutive days were done in a face-to-face interview. The scores of DBI-07 for each component and three DBI-07 indicators ((Lower Bound Score (LBS), Higher Bound Score (HBS), Diet Quality Distance (DQD)) were calculated according to compliance with the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese residents. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was determined using the cyanmethemoglobin method. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the associations between DBI-07 indicators and anemia, as well as scores of DBI-07 components and Hb level. The sample included 336 men and 402 women. Inadequate intakes of vegetables, fruits, dairy, soybean, eggs, fish and excessive intakes of cereals, meat, cooking oil, salt were both common. 91.3% of the participants had moderate or high levels of inadequate food intake, while 37.7% had moderate or high levels of excessive food intake. The mean Hb was 14.2 ± 1.7 g/dL, with a prevalence of anemia of 13.0%. Subjects with high LBS and DQD were more likely to be anemic (all p < 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, there were positive correlations between Hb level and the intakes of vegetables and soybean (βvegetables = 1.04, p < 0.01; βsoybean = 0.82, p = 0.04). In conclusion, dietary imbalance and anemia are common in middle aged and elderly population in southwest China and inadequate intakes of vegetables and soybean may increase the risk of anemia.
Reading Religiously across Religious Borders: A Method for Comparative Study
Authors: Clooney Francis
Published: January 2018

Oliver Freiberger has done us the great service of drawing our attention to how comparativists do their comparative work. Issues of method—the “methodical aspects”—of course matter greatly in the actual doing of comparison, even if the scholar is not interested in theoretical discussions of method per se. One has to know one’s craft, in order to do it well, and to be clear in practice about how to proceed: “How comparison actually works as a method in the study of religion has not been discussed in greater detail so far. With due deliberation we can, as Freiberger suggests, identify and isolate specific methodical problems, effectively confront wholesale criticism, and find opportunities to refine the methodology. His approach also allows committed comparativists to speak in more depth about what we are doing in our research and writing.
The Problem of Evil and the Grammar of Goodness
Authors: Wiland Eric
Published: January 2018

I consider the two venerated arguments about the existence of God: the Ontological Argument and the Argument from Evil. The Ontological Argument purports to show that God’s nature guarantees that God exists. The Argument from Evil purports to show that God’s nature, combined with some plausible facts about the way the world is, guarantees (or is very compelling grounds for thinking) that God does not exist. Both presume that it is coherent to predicate goodness (or greatness) of God. But if Peter Geach’s claim that goodness is logically attributive is cogent, then both arguments fall to the ground.
Brillouin Frequency Shift of Fiber Distributed Sensors Extracted from Noisy Signals by Quadratic Fitting
Authors: Zheng Hanrong , Fang Zujie , Wang Zhaoyong , Lu Bin , Cao Yulong , Ye Qing , Qu Ronghui , Cai Haiwen
Published: January 2018

It is a basic task in Brillouin distributed fiber sensors to extract the peak frequency of the scattering spectrum, since the peak frequency shift gives information on the fiber temperature and strain changes. Because of high-level noise, quadratic fitting is often used in the data processing. Formulas of the dependence of the minimum detectable Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and frequency step have been presented in publications, but in different expressions. A detailed deduction of new formulas of BFS variance and its average is given in this paper, showing especially their dependences on the data range used in fitting, including its length and its center respective to the real spectral peak. The theoretical analyses are experimentally verified. It is shown that the center of the data range has a direct impact on the accuracy of the extracted BFS. We propose and demonstrate an iterative fitting method to mitigate such effects and improve the accuracy of BFS measurement. The different expressions of BFS variances presented in previous papers are explained and discussed.
A Rotational Gyroscope with a Water-Film Bearing Based on Magnetic Self-Restoring Effect
Authors: Chen Dianzhong , Liu Xiaowei , Zhang Haifeng , Li Hai , Weng Rui , Li Ling , Rong Wanting , Zhang Zhongzhao
Published: January 2018

Stable rotor levitation is a challenge for rotational gyroscopes (magnetically suspended gyroscopes (MSG) and electrostatically suspended gyroscopes (ESG)) with a ring- or disk-shaped rotor, which restricts further improvement of gyroscope performance. In addition, complicated pick-up circuits and feedback control electronics propose high requirement on fabrication technology. In the proposed gyroscope, a ball-disk shaped rotor is supported by a water-film bearing, formed by centrifugal force to deionized water at the cavity of the lower supporting pillar. Water-film bearing provides stable mechanical support, without the need for complicated electronics and control system for rotor suspension. To decrease sliding friction between the rotor ball and the water-film bearing, a supherhydrophobic surface (SHS) with nano-structures is fabricated on the rotor ball, resulting in a rated spinning speed increase of 12.4% (under the same driving current). Rotor is actuated by the driving scheme of brushless direct current motor (BLDCM). Interaction between the magnetized rotor and the magnetic-conducted stator produces a sinusoidal rotor restoring torque, amplitude of which is proportional to the rotor deflection angle inherently. Utilization of this magnetic restoring effect avoids adding of a high amplitude voltage for electrostatic feedback, which may cause air breakdown. Two differential capacitance pairs are utilized to measure input angular speeds at perpendicular directions of the rotor plane. The bias stability of the fabricated gyroscope is as low as 0.5°/h.
Sustainable Overall Throughputability Effectiveness (S.O.T.E.) as a Metric for Production Systems
Authors: Durán Orlando , Capaldo Andrea , Duran Acevedo Paulo
Published: January 2018

This paper proposes a new index for a comprehensive and systematic measurement of sustainability and throughput performance in production systems. The proposed index, called Sustainable Overall Throughput Effectiveness (S.O.T.E.), is designed on the basis of a comparison of the environmental and operational factors. Specifically, it integrates the following four dimensions: availability, utilization, performance, and environmental sustainability. The way each dimension is measured is explained and justified. This index uses the overall environmental equipment effectiveness (OEEE) index, which is based on the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) index. However, such metrics are lacking at the factory level, because OEEE, as well as the OEE, is devoted to equipment-level. Its application and potential contribution to the analysis of sustainable throughput is demonstrated through a case study in an actual crushing plant. Through examining several hypotheses concerning the relationship between operational and environmental performance, a series of useful conclusions could be raised. The main difference and advantage of the proposed S.O.T.E. is that S.O.T.E., as it is based on the Overall Throughput Effectiveness (OTE), measures factory-level sustainability and operational performance. S.O.T.E. allows us to relate the impact of the overall effectiveness of each one of the components of the index to each piece of equipment that makes a part of the production systems. Furthermore, S.O.T.E., as OTE, take into account the production system configuration (series, parallel, assembly, etc.).
A Retrospective Analysis of the Effect of Subretinal Hyper-Reflective Material and Other Morphological Features of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Visual Acuity Outcomes in Eyes Treated with Intravitreal Aflibercept over One Year
Authors: Leung King , Downes Susan , Chong Victor
Published: January 2018

A retrospective study of 176 treatment-naïve eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) that had undergone intravitreal aflibercept treatment (2.0 mg, 7–8 times over one year) was performed to correlate the effect of aflibercept on the morphological features of nAMD—subretinal hyper-reflective material (SHRM), pigment epithelial detachment (PED), subretinal fluid (SRF), and intraretinal fluid (IRF)—with visual acuity at baseline and at one year. Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) images and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline and at one year were obtained. The relationship between visual acuity and the presence of morphological features at baseline and at one year was statistically analysed. The proportion of eyes with PED (p = 0.01), SRF (p ≤ 0.001), and IRF (p ≤ 0.001) reduced at one year. SHRM (p = 0.002) and IRF (p = 0.0001) were associated with poorer baseline BCVA. The presence of SRF at baseline was associated with better baseline BCVA (p = 0.004) and 5.3 letters of improvement of BCVA after one year of treatment (p = 0.0001). For each letter increase in BCVA at baseline, 0.25 fewer letters were gained in BCVA at one year. While aflibercept can improve morphological abnormalities in nAMD, this is not always accompanied by a corresponding improvement in visual acuity.
Asteroid Family Associations of Active Asteroids
Authors: Hsieh Henry H. , Novaković Bojan , Kim Yoonyoung , Brasser Ramon
Published: January 2018

We report on the results of a systematic search for associated asteroid families for all active asteroids known to date. We find that 10 out of 12 main-belt comets (MBCs) and five out of seven disrupted asteroids are linked with known or candidate families, rates that have ∼0.1% and ∼6% probabilities, respectively, of occurring by chance, given the overall family association rate of 37% for asteroids in the main asteroid belt. We find previously unidentified family associations between 238P/Read and the candidate Gorchakov family, 311P/PANSTARRS and the candidate Behrens family, 324P/La Sagra and the Alauda family, 354P/LINEAR and the Baptistina family, P/2013 R3-B (Catalina-PANSTARRS) and the Mandragora family, P/2015 X6 (PANSTARRS) and the Aeolia family, P/2016 G1 (PANSTARRS) and the Adeona family, and P/2016 J1-A/B (PANSTARRS) and the Theobalda family. All MBCs with family associations belong to families that contain asteroids with primitive taxonomic classifications and low average reported albedos (

), while disrupted asteroids with family associations belong to families that contain asteroids that span wider ranges of taxonomic types and average reported albedos (

). These findings are consistent with MBC activity being closely correlated to composition (i.e., whether an object is likely to contain ice), while disrupted asteroid activity is not as sensitive to composition. Given our results, we describe a sequence of processes by which the formation of young asteroid families could lead to the production of present-day MBCs.
Simultaneous Multiwavelength Variability Characterization of the Free-floating Planetary-mass Object PSO J318.5−22
Authors: Biller Beth A. , Vos Johanna , Buenzli Esther , Allers Katelyn , Bonnefoy Mickaël , Charnay Benjamin , Bézard Bruno , Allard France , Homeier Derek , Bonavita Mariangela , Brandner Wolfgang , Crossfield Ian , Dupuy Trent , Henning Thomas , Kopytova Taisiya , Liu Michael C. , Manjavacas Elena , Schlieder Joshua
Published: January 2018

We present simultaneous Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3+Spitzer IRAC variability monitoring for the highly variable young (∼20 Myr) planetary-mass object PSO J318.5−22. Our simultaneous HST + Spitzer observations covered approximately two rotation periods with Spitzer and most of a rotation period with the HST. We derive a period of 8.6 ± 0.1 hr from the Spitzer light curve. Combining this period with the measured

for this object, we find an inclination of 56.°2 ± 8.°1. We measure peak-to-trough variability amplitudes of 3.4% ± 0.1% for Spitzer Channel 2 and 4.4%–5.8% (typical 68% confidence errors of ∼0.3%) in the near-IR bands (1.07–1.67 μm) covered by the WFC3 G141 prism—the mid-IR variability amplitude for PSO J318.5−22 is one of the highest variability amplitudes measured in the mid-IR for any brown dwarf or planetary-mass object. Additionally, we detect phase offsets ranging from 200° to 210° (typical error of ∼4°) between synthesized near-IR light curves and the Spitzer mid-IR light curve, likely indicating depth-dependent longitudinal atmospheric structure in this atmosphere. The detection of similar variability amplitudes in wide spectral bands relative to absorption features suggests that the driver of the variability may be inhomogeneous clouds (perhaps a patchy haze layer over thick clouds), as opposed to hot spots or compositional inhomogeneities at the top-of-atmosphere level.
A Comparison of Simulated JWST Observations Derived from Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Chemistry Models of Giant Exoplanets
Authors: Blumenthal Sarah D. , Mandell Avi M. , Hébrard Eric , Batalha Natasha E. , Cubillos Patricio E. , Rugheimer Sarah , Wakeford Hannah R.
Published: January 2018

We aim to see if the difference between equilibrium and disequilibrium chemistry is observable in the atmospheres of transiting planets by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We perform a case study comparing the dayside emission spectra of three planets like HD 189733b, WASP-80b, and GJ 436b, in and out of chemical equilibrium at two metallicities each. These three planets were chosen because they span a large range of planetary masses and equilibrium temperatures, from hot and Jupiter-sized to warm and Neptune-sized. We link the one-dimensional disequilibrium chemistry model from Venot et al. (2012), in which thermochemical kinetics, vertical transport, and photochemistry are taken into account, to the one-dimensional, pseudo line-by-line radiative transfer model, Pyrat bay, developed especially for hot Jupiters, and then simulate JWST spectra using PandExo for comparing the effects of temperature, metallicity, and radius. We find the most significant differences from 4 to 5 μm due to disequilibrium from CO and CO2 abundances, and also H2O for select cases. Our case study shows a certain “sweet spot” of planetary mass, temperature, and metallicity where the difference between equilibrium and disequilibrium is observable. For a planet similar to WASP-80b, JWST’s NIRSpec G395M can detect differences due to disequilibrium chemistry with one eclipse event. For a planet similar to GJ 436b, the observability of differences due to disequilibrium chemistry is possible at low metallicity given five eclipse events, but not possible at the higher metallicity.
Magneto-acoustic Waves in a Magnetic Slab Embedded in an Asymmetric Magnetic Environment: The Effects of Asymmetry
Authors: Zsámberger Noémi Kinga , Allcock Matthew , Erdélyi Róbert
Published: January 2018

Modeling the behavior of magnetohydrodynamic waves in a range of magnetic geometries mimicking solar atmospheric waveguides, from photospheric flux tubes to coronal loops, can offer a valuable contribution to the field of solar magneto-seismology. The present study uses an analytical approach to derive the dispersion relation for magneto-acoustic waves in a magnetic slab of homogeneous plasma enclosed on its two sides by semi-infinite plasma of different densities, temperatures, and magnetic field strengths, providing an asymmetric plasma environment. This is a step further in the generalization of the classic magnetic slab model, which is symmetric about the slab, was developed by Roberts, and is an extension of the work by Allcock & Erdélyi where a magnetic slab is sandwiched in an asymmetric nonmagnetic plasma environment. In contrast to the symmetric case, the dispersion relation governing the asymmetric slab cannot be factorized into separate sausage and kink eigenmodes. The solutions obtained resemble these well-known modes; however, their properties are now mixed. Therefore we call these modes quasi-sausage and quasi-kink modes. If conditions on the two sides of the slab do not differ strongly, then a factorization of the dispersion relation can be achieved for the further analytic study of various limiting cases representing a solar environment. In the current paper, we examine the incompressible limit in detail and demonstrate its possible application to photospheric magnetic bright points. After the introduction of a mechanical analogy, we reveal a relationship between the external plasma and magnetic parameters, which allows for the existence of quasi-symmetric modes.
Does Light from Steady Sources Bear Any Observable Imprint of the Dispersive Intergalactic Medium?
Authors: Lieu Richard , Duan Lingze
Published: January 2018

There has recently been some interest in the prospect of detecting ionized intergalactic baryons by examining the properties of incoherent light from background cosmological sources, namely quasars. Although the paper by Lieu et al. proposed a way forward, it was refuted by the later theoretical work of Hirata & McQuinn and the observational study of Hales et al. In this paper we investigate in detail the manner in which incoherent radiation passes through a dispersive medium both from the frameworks of classical and quantum electrodynamics, leading us to conclude that the premise of Lieu et al. would only work if the pulses involved are genuinely classical ones containing many photons per pulse; unfortunately, each photon must not be treated as a pulse that is susceptible to dispersive broadening. We are nevertheless able to change the tone of the paper at this juncture by pointing out that because current technology allows one to measure the phase of individual modes of radio waves from a distant source, the most reliable way of obtaining irrefutable evidence of dispersion, namely via the detection of its unique signature of a quadratic spectral phase, may well be already accessible. We demonstrate how this technique is only applied to measure the column density of the ionized intergalactic medium.
The Intrinsic Characteristics of Galaxies on the SFR–M∗ Plane at 1.2 < z < 4: I. The Correlation between Stellar Age, Central Density, and Position Relative to the Main Sequence
Authors: Lee Bomee , Giavalisco Mauro , Whitaker Katherine , Williams Christina C. , Ferguson Henry C. , Acquaviva Viviana , Koekemoer Anton M. , Straughn Amber N. , Guo Yicheng , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Lotz Jennifer , Pacifici Camilla , Croton Darren J. , Somerville Rachel S. , Lu Yu
Published: January 2018

We use the deep CANDELS observations in the GOODS North and South fields to revisit the correlations between stellar mass (M
*), star formation rate (SFR) and morphology, and to introduce a fourth dimension, the mass-weighted stellar age, in galaxies at

. We do this by making new measures of M
*, SFR, and stellar age thanks to an improved SED fitting procedure that allows various star formation history for each galaxy. Like others, we find that the slope of the main sequence (MS) of star formation in the

plane bends at high mass. We observe clear morphological differences among galaxies across the MS, which also correlate with stellar age. At all redshifts, galaxies that are quenching or quenched, and thus old, have high

(the projected density within the central 1 kpc), while younger, star-forming galaxies span a much broader range of

, which includes the high values observed for quenched galaxies, but also extends to much lower values. As galaxies age and quench, the stellar age and the dispersion of

for fixed values of M
* shows two different regimes: one at the low-mass end, where quenching might be driven by causes external to the galaxies; the other at the high-mass end, where quenching is driven by internal causes, very likely the mass given the low scatter of

(mass quenching). We suggest that the monotonic increase of central density as galaxies grow is one manifestation of a more general phenomenon of structural transformation that galaxies undergo as they evolve.
The GALEX View of “Boyajian’s Star” (KIC 8462852)
Authors: Davenport James. R. A. , Covey Kevin R. , Clarke Riley W. , Laycock Zachery , Fleming Scott W. , Boyajian Tabetha S. , Montet Benjamin T. , Shiao Bernie , Million Chase C. , Wilson David J. , Olmedo Manuel , Mamajek Eric E. , Olmedo Daniel , Chávez Miguel , Bertone Emanuele
Published: January 2018

The enigmatic star KIC 8462852, informally known as “Boyajian’s Star,” has exhibited unexplained variability from both short timescale (days) dimming events, and years-long fading in the Kepler mission. No single physical mechanism has successfully explained these observations to date. Here we investigate the ultraviolet variability of KIC 8462852 on a range of timescales using data from the GALEX mission that occurred contemporaneously with the Kepler mission. The wide wavelength baseline between the Kepler and GALEX data provides a unique constraint on the nature of the variability. Using 1600 s of photon-counting data from four GALEX visits spread over 70 days in 2011, we find no coherent NUV variability in the system on 10–100 s or month timescales. Comparing the integrated flux from these 2011 visits to the 2012 NUV flux published in the GALEX-CAUSE Kepler survey, we find a 3% decrease in brightness for KIC 8462852. We find that this level of variability is significant, but not necessarily unusual for stars of similar spectral type in the GALEX data. This decrease coincides with the secular optical fading reported by Montet & Simon. We find that the multi-wavelength variability is somewhat inconsistent with typical interstellar dust absorption, but instead favors a

reddening law potentially from circumstellar dust.
Disturbed Fossil Group Galaxy NGC 1132
Authors: Kim Dong-Woo , Anderson Craig , Burke Doug , Fabbiano Giuseppina , Fruscione Antonella , Lauer Jen , McCollough Michael , Morgan Doug , Mossman Amy , O’Sullivan Ewan , Paggi Alessandro , Vrtilek Saeqa , Trinchieri Ginevra
Published: January 2018

We have analyzed the Chandra archival data of NGC 1132, a well-known fossil group, i.e., a system expected to be old and relaxed long after the giant elliptical galaxy assembly. Instead, the Chandra data reveal that the hot gas morphology is disturbed and asymmetrical, with a cold front following a possible bow shock. We discuss possible origins of the disturbed hot halo, including sloshing by a nearby object, merger, ram pressure by external hotter gas, and nuclear outburst. We consider that the first two mechanisms are likely explanations for the disturbed hot halo, with a slight preference for a minor merger with a low impact parameter because of the match with simulations and previous optical observations. In this case, NGC 1132 may be a rare example of unusual late mergers seen in recent simulations. Regardless of the origin of the disturbed hot halo, the paradigm of the fossil system needs to be reconsidered.
CHANG-ES X: Spatially Resolved Separation of Thermal Contribution from Radio Continuum Emission in Edge-on Galaxies
Authors: Vargas Carlos J. , Mora-Partiarroyo Silvia Carolina , Schmidt Philip , Rand Richard J. , Stein Yelena , Walterbos René A. M. , Wang Q. Daniel , Basu Aritra , Patterson Maria , Kepley Amanda , Beck Rainer , Irwin Judith , Heald George , Li Jiangtao , Wiegert Theresa
Published: January 2018

We analyze the application of star formation rate calibrations using Hα and 22 μm infrared (IR) imaging data in predicting the thermal radio component for a test sample of three edge-on galaxies (NGC 891, NGC 3044, and NGC 4631) in the Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies—an EVLA Survey (CHANG-ES). We use a mixture of Hα and 24 μm calibration from Calzetti et al. and a linear 22 μm only calibration from Jarrett et al. on the test sample. We apply these relations on a pixel-to-pixel basis to create thermal prediction maps in the two CHANG-ES bands: L and C band (1.5 GHz and 6.0 GHz, respectively). We analyze the resulting nonthermal spectral index maps, and find a characteristic steepening of the nonthermal spectral index with vertical distance from the disk after application of all methods. We find possible evidence of extinction in the 22 μm data as compared to 70 μm Spitzer Multiband Imaging Photometer imaging in NGC 891. We analyze a larger sample of edge-on and face-on galaxy 25–100 μm flux ratios, and find that the ratios for edge-ons are systematically lower by a factor of 1.36, a result we attribute to excess extinction in the mid-IR in edge-ons. We introduce a new calibration for correcting the Hα luminosity for dust when galaxies are edge-on or very dusty.
Mitigating Complex Dust Foregrounds in Future Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Experiments
Authors: Hensley Brandon S. , Bull Philip
Published: January 2018

Polarized Galactic foregrounds are one of the primary sources of systematic error in measurements of the B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Experiments are becoming increasingly sensitive to complexities in the foreground frequency spectra that are not captured by standard parametric models, potentially affecting our ability to efficiently separate out these components. Employing a suite of dust models encompassing a variety of physical effects, we simulate observations of a future seven-band CMB experiment to assess the impact of these complexities on parametric component separation. We identify configurations of frequency bands that minimize the “model errors” caused by fitting simple parametric models to more complex “true” foreground spectra, which bias the inferred CMB signal. We find that: (a) fits employing a simple two-parameter modified blackbody (MBB) dust model tend to produce significant bias in the recovered polarized CMB signal in the presence of physically realistic dust foregrounds; (b) generalized MBB models with three additional parameters reduce this bias in most cases, but non-negligible biases can remain, and can be hard to detect; (c) line-of-sight effects, which give rise to frequency decorrelation, and the presence of iron grains are the most problematic complexities in the dust emission for recovering the true CMB signal. More sophisticated simulations will be needed to demonstrate that future CMB experiments can successfully mitigate these more physically realistic dust foregrounds.
La pose et la couleur même de l’être regardé d’un corps : l’exhibitionnisme dans deux photographies de Helmut Newton
Authors: Greggio Tarcísio , Entem Erwan Pierre , Iunes Viera Cortez Simone
Published: January 2018

Dans la première partie de cet essai, je cherche à articuler la photographie de mode avec des discussions sur l’image dans le postmodernisme ; dans la seconde partie, je propose une lecture de l’exhibitionnisme et de la pose à partir de deux campagnes réalisées par Helmut Newton, l’un des plus grands photographes du xx e  siècle.
Atypie sexuelle
Authors: Barbier Jacques
Published: January 2018

La prise en compte de l’hermaphrodisme, autrement appelé atypie sexuelle, conjointement aux revendications de genre en s’en distinguant, ouvre un débat mondial sur la validité de la distinction sexuelle binaire. Nous constatons un mouvement de désexuation dans notre droit, l’exemple le plus connu étant la loi sur le mariage pour tous 1 qui a désexué le mariage et la famille. La reconnaissance par le juge d’un « sexe neutre » aurait des répercussions profondes sur les règles du droit.
L’épidémie transsexuelle : l’hystérie à l’ère de la science et de la mondialisation ?
Authors: Coutinho Jorge Marco Antonio , Pereira Travassos Natália , Ducerisier François
Published: January 2018

Cet article porte sur les questions liées à la transsexualité à partir de la notion psychanalytique de l’hystérie comme structure de base du sujet. Les surprenantes épidémies d’hystérie qui ont eu lieu au cours de l’histoire révèlent comment l’hystérie produit des questions radicales sur l’énigme de la différence sexuelle, adressées au savoir dominant de chaque époque. Pour répondre à la question sur la place de l’hystérie dans le monde contemporain, nous introduisons l’hypothèse suivante : la forme la plus importante que revêt l’hystérie aujourd’hui est l’épidémie de la transsexualité, qui se produit dans la rencontre avec le discours de la science, qui est dominant dans la culture mondialisée.
Chemsex
Authors: Barbier Jacques
Published: January 2018

Chemsex signifie littéralement l’utilisation de produits psychoactifs en contexte sexuel. Centrées principalement au départ sur les consommations de l’ecstasy et de la cocaïne les pratiques de chemsex ont évolué avec le développement exponentiel des sites Internet et des applications géolocalisées dédiés aux rencontres. Ces technologies ont rendu les rencontres sexuelles plus rapides et plus « immédiates », et favorisé leur privatisation et les contaminations infectieuses sexuellement transmissibles. L’accueil et la prise en charge des personnes ont considérablement évolué, en particulier en associant les consommateurs et les professionnels dans l’élaboration et les mises en œuvre des programmes de santé publique et de traitements individuels.
Trouble dans le chiffre
Authors: Sarfati Yves , Nadaud Stéphane
Published: January 2018

La transgression de genre en matière d’union ayant gagné la sphère légale avec l’avènement du mariage pour tous, un déplacement a eu lieu où situer l’expérience contemporaine du bizarre conjugal : sur la transgression de chiffre. Le trouble dans le chiffre, que signale l’avènement du mot « trouple » dans la langue, inexistant avant 2008 et accédant désormais aux lettres de noblesse des médias et de l’Encyclopédie libre, donne lieu à de nouvelles expériences aux oreilles analytiques. Cet article en détaille les implications et les raccroche à l’impensé des plaisirs anaux.
The English New Towns since 1946
Authors: Clapson Mark
Published: January 2018

Au XX e siècle, le Royaume-Uni a joué un rôle pionnier dans la planification de nouvelles communautés et a été en première ligne de la diffusion internationale de la cité-jardin et du nouvel urbanisme. Or les « villages-jardins » et les écovilles actuels du Royaume-Uni ignorent des enseignements précieux fournis par l’urbanisme britannique. Ce sont des aménagements urbains à petite échelle qui incarnent l’absence de vision nationale et internationale, et la disparition d’une culture d’urbanisme dynamique et intégré, qui ont caractérisé l’État britannique ces dernières années.
The Planning of a New Town
Authors: Portnoï Anne
Published: January 2018

The Planning of a New Town est un ouvrage publié par le London County Council (LCC) en 1960 décrivant le projet de Hook, une opération de ville nouvelle non réalisée. Cet ouvrage a exercé une influence significative sur la pratique urbanistique, au-delà même du Royaume-Uni. L’objectif principal de cet article est de montrer que son influence tient avant tout à la qualité et à l’originalité de la démarche intellectuelle de conception qui s’y déploie. L’ouvrage présente, en effet, de nouvelles manières de faire la ville et introduit de nouveaux paradigmes urbains.
Analyzing Gaps to Design Educational Interventions
Authors: Dickerson Pamela S. , Graebe Jennifer
Published: January 2018

This article addresses how nursing professional development practitioners can meet educational design criterion 1 in the American Nurses Credentialing Center Primary Accreditation process and standards 1 and 2 in the Association for Nursing Professional Development
Scope and Standards of Practice
.
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(1):4–6.
Continuing Education Preferences, Facilitators, and Barriers for Nursing Home Nurses
Authors: Dyck Mary J. , Kim Myoung Jin
Published: January 2018

Background:

The purpose of the study was to determine the continuing education needs for nursing home nurses in rural central Illinois and to determine any potential facilitators or barriers to obtaining continuing education.

Method:

Data were collected using the Educational Needs Assessment questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were computed to examine continuing education preferences, facilitators, and barriers among nursing home nurses. Independent samples
t
tests were used to compare preferences between administrative and staff nurses.

Results:

The sample included 317 nurses from 34 facilities. The five top needs were related to clinical problems. Administrative nurses had greater needs for professional issues, managerial skills, and quality improvement than staff nurses. Barriers included rural settings, need for vacation time for programs, and inadequate staffing.

Conclusion:

Continuing education needs of nursing home nurses in Illinois are similar to previous studies conducted in Arizona and North Carolina. Continuing education barriers were mostly organizational, rather than personal.

J Contin Nurs Educ.
2018;49(1):26–33.
Students' Knowledge of and Interest in Older Adults: Impact of a Geriatrics Course
Authors: Lowey Susan E.
Published: January 2018

Background:

The number of older adults living with chronic conditions is steadily increasing, so nurses must be prepared to care for the needs of this population. However, only one third of nursing education programs include a stand-alone geriatrics course.

Method:

A cross-sectional mixed-methods design was used to compare two cohorts of 46 nursing students. Knowledge, attitude, and interest in older adults were examined using an online survey. The control cohort did not complete the geriatric course.

Results:

No demographic differences were found between groups. Completing the geriatric course was not correlated with having greater aging-related knowledge. Decreased interest in working with the older adult population was found.

Conclusion:

Findings from this cross-sectional pilot study suggest that previous experience with an aging relative was associated with better aging-related knowledge. Further research exploring students' perceptions is needed to understand the relationship between the geriatric course and attitudes toward aging.
[J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(2):106–109.]
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Poorly Controlled Homocystinuria
Authors: Li Charles Qingchuan , Barshop Bruce A , Feigenbaum Annette , Khanna Paritosh C
Published: January 2018

Homocystinuria is an inherited metabolic disorder most commonly caused by cystathionine Î²-synthase deficiency. Severe cases can cause white matter abnormalities that can mimic other vascular, toxic and metabolic disorders on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. We present such a case which demonstrates not only extensive white matter abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging, but also previously unreported basal ganglia signal abnormalities and imaging manifestations of increased intracranial pressure, likely caused by elevated methionine and betaine therapy. We also review the literature and discuss the potential underlying biologic mechanisms of these imaging findings.
Honoring our helpers
Authors: Talanow Roland , Giesel Frederik
Published: January 2018

This special issue of the Journal of Radiology Case Reports honors the reviewers who donated their time and expertise throughout the year 2017 to the high quality and success of this journal.
Chapitre 1 : Devenir un membre public de l’entourage politique : le rôle de figuration des conjointes d’élus en situation de représentation
Authors: Gris Christelle
Published: January 2018

Cette contribution vise à déplacer le regard vers des acteurs peu étudiés et pourtant indispensables à la carrière politique : les membres de la famille et, plus précisément ici, les conjointes d’élus. Réinscrire ainsi l’élu dans ses entourages privés éclaire d’un jour nouveau le métier politique. En particulier, cette approche permet de rompre avec le postulat, implicitement adopté dans de nombreux travaux français de science politique, d’une stricte séparation entre vie privée et vie publique des élus au cours du processus de professionnalisation politique. À l’encontre de ce présupposé savant, le rôle de figuration tenu en situation de représentation par les femmes d’élu donne l’exemple le plus visible de l’imbrication des sphères publique et privée des hommes politiques.
Chapitre 4 : Le travail politique des cabinets présidentiels en régions : un rôle contrasté et évolutif selon les modes de gouvernance politique
Authors: Demongeot Benoît , Gardon Sébastien , Verdier Éric
Published: January 2018

Ce chapitre revient sur le fonctionnement et le rôle des cabinets présidentiels dans les conseils régionaux en France. S’appuyant sur l’étude de quatre configurations régionales, il vise à montrer que le cabinet et son directeur participent réellement à l’orientation des politiques régionales et à la recherche de leur cohérence. Cette participation varie selon les contextes locaux, les moments de crise vécus par la région et les configurations régionales mises en place par le trinôme président – DGS – directeur de cabinet. Ainsi le rôle et l’organisation du cabinet varient fortement selon le mode de gouvernance adopté par le chef de l’exécutif, tout en connaissant des évolutions similaires d’une mandature à l’autre. Néanmoins au-delà du rôle plutôt effacé et obscur attribué au cabinet et à son directeur dans le fonctionnement des collectivités locales, cette contribution défend aussi l’idée selon laquelle le cabinet régional travaille d’abord et prioritairement au service de la personne du président, en défense de ses positions ou en soutien à ses initiatives.