bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
King’s Dream Deferred
Authors: Brown Donathan L.
Published: January 2025

This chapter analyzes the persistent issue of state-sanctioned police violence against unarmed African Americans, highlighting its deep roots in American political history as a tool to suppress African American social, political, and economic progress. The chapter underscores the role of law enforcement as a long-standing adversary of the civil rights movement and African American freedom. By drawing connections between past and present and the recent rise of the Blue Lives Matter movement, the chapter also argues that such legislation represents a significant departure from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s vision of police accountability. The chapter critiques the legal and philosophical implications of Blue Lives Matter laws, contending that they distort the concept of protected group status and further entrench systemic racism. It calls for a reevaluation of laws in light of ongoing racial injustices.
From the War on Poverty to the War on the Poor
Authors: Whitaker Ingrid P. , Whitaker Mark M.
Published: January 2025

This chapter looks at the persistent problem of poverty in the United States, focusing on how racial perceptions, social and political rhetoric, and economic models have shaped responses to poverty within the African American community. It details how poverty has been historically defined as an urgent issue primarily when white populations were viewed as the primary victims. It also covers the influence of shifting values between social responsibility and individualism, including the impact of Keynesian versus supply-side economic models on poverty alleviation efforts. Central to the chapter is Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s philosophy on poverty, which considered the intersection of race and economic inequality and advocated for government intervention to eradicate poverty. It assesses the potential effectiveness of Dr. King's proposals in addressing poverty, particularly within the African American community.
From Noose to “Nuse”
Authors: Rahko Stephen E. , Craig Byron B
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines the concept of wokeness as it intersects with American race relations, particularly in the aftermath of the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests. It argues that while the protests and subsequent pledges from institutions marked a moment of reckoning with structural racism and police brutality, popular culture reveals a paradoxical desire for comfort and uplifting narratives rather than confronting harsh realities. It also critiques how recent films, such as Green Book, portray whiteness as evolving through encounters with the racial Other. The chapter discusses how “buddy films” with their “Nuse” trope serve to recenter whiteness and reinforce the status quo. By mapping the historical context and impact of “woke whiteness” on contemporary cinema, the chapter argues that such films aspire to a postracial ideal rather than offering genuine antiracist critique.
Making America Bamboozled Again
Authors: Gilbert Christopher
Published: January 2025

This chapter analyzes Spike Lee's film Bamboozled as a satirical exploration of how postracialism and white supremacy are intertwined through the lens of blackface minstrelsy and racial caricatures. The film, which critiques the persistence of racism in American media, highlights how Black representations are often reduced to comical stereotypes for white entertainment. It considers Lee's work as a reflection of historical racial dynamics and as a prophetic critique of how these dynamics have resurfaced in the era of Trumpism, where white supremacy is often veiled as humor. The chapter stresses that Bamboozled reveals the ongoing manipulation of Blackness within white cultural spaces, where racist imagery is repackaged and consumed under the guise of satire. Lee's film serves as a warning about the enduring power of racial stereotypes and their role in sustaining systemic racism.
“Eternal Vigilance Is the Price of Liberty”
Authors: Summerville Raymond
Published: January 2025

As the very first African-American female investigative journalist, Ida B. Wells-Barnett (July 16, 1862- March 25, 1931) employed proverbial rhetoric during Reconstruction and beyond to persuade leaders to put an end to lynching and white mob violence against black people in America. This chapter contextualizes some of the proverbs, sayings and proverbial expressions that she used throughout her entire life. Chapter one illustrates that examining her autobiography, biographies, personal diaries, articles, letters, and analytical texts prove that her proverbs and proverbial language come from a variety of different sources and that she internalized them—regarding them not only as mere words, but as words to live by. Likewise, Wells-Barnett wanted to convince others to live by them also. Proverbs such as “No wrong without a remedy,” and “Practice what you preach,” are used liberally in her writing to convince domestic and international audiences to take action against senseless racial violence.
“Each One, Teach One”
Authors: Summerville Raymond
Published: January 2025

Septima Poinsette Clark (1898–1987) is regarded as “the grandmother” of the Civil Rights Movement. Clark began teaching at sixteen and eventually grew to become one of the movement’s masterminds. One of Clark’s attributes which marks her as an educational guru is the fact that she frequently employed proverbs and proverbial expressions as she worked diligently behind the scenes teaching literacy to the poor and disenfranchised, so they would be able to register to vote and take part in political decision-making processes that impacted their lives. Clark’s autobiographies, interviews, and other biographical materials illustrate that proverbial language helped Clark to connect to the important people she taught. Proverbial language also helped Clark to communicate important values, beliefs, and pedagogical philosophy. The adult literacy and civics education programs that Clark developed fueled the voting registration drives of several important organizations including, Highlander Folk School (HFC), and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Emily Byrd Starr Meets Brené Brown
Authors: Clement Lesley D.
Published: January 2025

This chapter applies the theories of Brené Brown to Emily to understand what it means to belong. Beginning with the concept borrowed from Toni Morrison that “You are only free when you realize you belong no place – you belong every place – no place at all,” Clement examines how the main quartet of friends in the Emily books find their place in the physical and constructed worlds of Edwardian Prince Edward Island. The essay explores a kind of spiritual dilemma, as Montgomery’s characters must work through the fate of never belonging and the desire for true belonging.
Transgender Memoirs for Young Adult Readers
Authors: Corbett Emily
Published: January 2025

This chapter highlights the impact and evolution of transgender young adult (YA) memoirs within the literary market, noting how these texts have shifted from being predominantly authored by adults to featuring more self-representative works by transgender youths. It critiques the traditional dominance of adult perspectives in YA literature, which often shapes narratives through prevailing discourses rather than authentic adolescent voices. It also reveals how certain transgender YA memoirs document personal experiences and reflect broader sociocultural and industry changes. The chapter emphasizes how memoirs, such as Some Assembly Required and Being Jazz, provide crucial insights into the lives of transgender teens, showing how their narratives have gained prominence and influenced both readers and the. It outlines the intersection of traditional publishing with digital platforms like YouTube.
Conclusion
Authors: Corbett Emily
Published: January 2025

This chapter traces the evolution and expansion of transgender young adult (YA) literature from 2017 to 2021, highlighting its significant growth and the increased visibility of transgender authors and characters in the market. It looks at the shifting trends and sociocultural impacts of over 140 YA texts featuring explicit transgender representation published since 2004. It also examines how trans YA literature has moved beyond traditional problem novels to include speculative fiction and diverse narratives that challenge cisnormative structures. The chapter addresses the tension between marketing strategies aimed at cisgender readers and the need for more nuanced, authentic representation for transgender youth. It argues for continued progress in transgender YA literature, emphasizing the importance of broadening representation and exploring new literary horizons.
Makna Kanji Yojijukugo yang Diawali Kanji Angka dan Padanannya dalam Peribahasa Indonesia
Authors: Arlianti Hasna Imaroh Putri
Published: January 2025

This research aims to describe the meanings of yojijukugo that begin with the kanji characters for numbers one to ten and have equivalents in Indonesian proverbs. The theory utilized in this study is the theory of semantic meaning. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection method used is a literature review method that derives information from various book sources. In this research, a comparative technique with a linking comparison method is utilized to analyze the acquired data. The results of this study show 15 yojijukugo have equivalents in Indonesian proverbs. 2 data are sourced from the Idiom Encyclopedia website, 10 data from the book "Saikin Irasuto de Wakaru Yojijukugo Jiten," and 3 data from the "Jitsuyo Kotowaza KanyoukuJiten". Yojijukugo that have the most equivalents are those started with the kanji character for number one, while those with the least is yojijukugo that start with number two, five, eight, and nine. The yojijukugo that has no equivalent is the yojijukugo that start with the kanji number six. Then some yojijukugo also have atendency of meaning that comes from Buddhism and Chinese history, while the Indonesian proverbs tend to be more about advice and etc.
Analisis Penggunaan Kandoushi Dalam Game Genshin Impact
Authors: Putri Cahaya Fatihah Dedy , Nurhayati Silvia
Published: January 2025

Kandoushi or interjection is part of the Japanese word class or 品詞分類 (hinshi bunrui) which functions to express emotions or feelings, such as surprise, happiness, admiration, doubt, and so on. Kandoushi is often found in Japanese language communication and Japanese language media such as anime, comics, films, dramas, and even in games. In Japanese language learning, kandoushi is often found in Choukai (listening) and Kaiwa (conversation) activities. On the other hand, based on the results of a preliminary study in the form of a simple interview, there are still many students of the Japanese Language Education Study Program who do not understand the function, meaning and types of kandoushi. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the types, functions, and meanings of kandoushi in the Genshin Impact game. The data collection technique in this study is the listening and note-taking technique. The data source in this study is a game entitled Genshin Impact. This game was chosen because it is one of the games that is popular among fans of Japanese popular culture, including students of the Japanese Language Education Study Program. In addition, various variations of kandoushi forms were found in character dialogues in the Genshin Impact story. The collected data were then analyzed based on Takeshi's (2019) kandoushi type theory. The results of this study were the discovery of 109 speech data containing kandoushi. The 109 data were classified into 6 types of kandoushi. The classification was determined based on the function of each form of kandoushi. Various functions and meanings of kandoushi were also found in the Genshin Impact game.
Strategi Cool Japan yang Baru untuk Menyelamatkan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Citra Populer Jepang di Era Digital
Authors: Auliawan Althaf Gauhar , Ratna Maharani Patria
Published: January 2025

This study discusses “The New Cool Japan Strategy” announced by the Japanese government in June 2024. This strategy has outlined a comprehensive plan to expand and revitalize the existing Cool Japan initiative, which aims to promote the attractiveness of Japanese culture around the world, leading to economic growth. However, there are still problems in the existing Cool Japan that need to be addressed, such as the issue of inadequate support for creators, slow digitalization, and lack of targets set for Cool Japan as a whole. This study aims to analyze “The New Cool Japan Strategy” historically to understand more deeply how the Japanese government's efforts to save Japan's economic growth and popular image in the digital era. This study's method is historical research with literature study through a multidisciplinary approach, such as socio-cultural sciences and history. The results of this study show that maximizing the potential of cultural capitalism and soft power is a common way for the Japanese government to save Japan's economic growth and popular image in the digital era. In addition, the specific actions of the new Cool Japan strategy to face future challenges such as accelerating the PDCA cycle, digital transformation, enhancing creator support, addressing piracy, and strengthening public-private collaboration are expected to solve the previous problems and be well implemented.
Pragmatic Failures in Japanese Conversations Among Beginner Japanese Language Learners Leading to Face-Threatening Acts
Authors: Yogyanti Devita Widyaningtyas , Atiqah Annisa Nurul , Iswahyuni Dwi , Sari Angela Bayu Pertama , Rejeki Sri
Published: January 2025

This research aims to identify the types of pragmatic failures that occur in beginner-level Japaneselanguage classes. The data was taken from conversation texts created by students in groups over one semester from two different universities. The utterances in the conversation text that were perceived to contain pragmatic failure were categorized and then verified through interviews with nativeJapanese speakers to understand the impressions they felt when hearing such utterances. Verifiedutterances containing pragmatic failure were then categorized into pragmalinguistic failure andsociopragmatic failure. It was discovered that even in simple contexts like self-introductions, therewere many pragmatic failures that had the potential to become Face Threatening Acts (FTA) againstthe positive and negative face of the interlocutor. In the case of basic Japanese students,pragmalinguistic failures are more commonly found than sociopragmatic failures. However, bothpragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic failures tend to be more of a face-threatening act against thepositive face of the interlocutor. The research finding reveals the linguistic characteristics thatthreaten the interlocutor's positive face include using first-person pronouns excessively,discriminatory questions about origin, and misusing specific Japanese words like "anata," "sayonara,""dare," and "kore" during introductions, incorrect responses to information and the absence ofhonorifics.
Japanese Language Learners of Manado State University's Ability to Produce Long Duration Vowels /AA/, II/, /UU/, /EE/ and /OO/
Authors: Pandi Helena Maria Lidwina , Lensun Sherly F , Sompotan Amelia , Aror Susanti
Published: January 2025

Mastery of long vowel pronunciation in Japanese is an important aspect for learners, especially at Universitas Negeri Manado. Long vowels, such as /AA/, /II/, /UU/, /EE/, and /OO/, have a longer duration than short vowels. The purpose of this study was to determine the duration of long vowels produced by students of the Japanese Language Education Study Program and how they differ when compared to native speakers. This research was conducted on  students of semester IX (nine) of Japanese Language Education Study Program of Universitas Negeri Manado and a native speaker. The method used is descriptive quantitative where the author processes the data recorded by the speakers using Speech Analyzer application which is a software application to analyze speech sounds to obtain data on the duration of long vowels. After that, it was processed again using Microsoft Excel to calculate the average duration of long vowels from the speakers' speech. The conclusion of this study is the duration of long vowels produced by students from the average obtained are: 149 ms on the vowel /aa/, 142 ms on the vowel /ii/, 127 ms on the vowel /uu/, 251 ms on the vowel /ee/, and 122 ms on the vowel /oo/. The duration mentioned above after being compared with native speakers the results tend to be shorter than native speakers. There are also significant differences with native speakers in some vowel positions in words such as the sound /_aa/ by AK (093 ms), JE (084 ms) and native speakers (195 ms).
Genetic potential of papaya genotypes: insights from agronomic descriptors and parameter estimation
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Prakash Satya , Kumar Arvind , Singh Bijendra , Gangwar L K , Vaishali  , Veersain  , Maurya Upendra , Singh Rajat , Gaurav Uday Raj
Published: January 2025

Carica papaya L., a fruit crop of high nutritional and economic importance, faces significant challenges regarding yield stability, fruit quality and environmental stress tolerance. This study explored genetic variation, heritability and trait correlations to support targeted papaya breeding programs. Through a Line × Tester mating design, 40 F1 hybrids were developed from 14 parental genotypes, revealing considerable genetic diversity. High heritability values (87.25% – 99.65%) for key traits confirmed the strong genetic influence on fruit yield, size and number of fruits per plant. Notable anticipated genetic advances, particularly for fruit yield (93.16%), emphasize the prospects for substantial improvement through selective breeding. Traits such as fruit yield per plant (45.30%), fruit weight (39.06%) and number of fruits per plant (31.46%) showed the highest genotypic and phenotypic variability. The study also highlighted the impact of environmental factors, as phenotypic coefficients of variation exceeded genotypic coefficients across traits, underlining the need for integrating ecological adaptability in breeding strategies. These results emphasize the importance of utilizing genetic diversity to enhance papaya yield and quality, meeting both domestic and global market demands. By leveraging the observed genetic potential, breeders can develop improved genotypes that align with sustainability goals, ensuring higher productivity, better market returns and enhanced food security in papaya-producing regions.
Optimization of planting methods and seed coating for enhanced rice seed yield and quality in mechanized farming
Authors: Vakeswaran V , Harish B J , Renugadevi J , Sakthivel N , Jerlin R , Umarani R
Published: January 2025

The demand for rice is predicted to rise by over 200 million tons by 2050 due to the rapidly growing population. India needs to step up its rice production because of the burgeoning population and decreasing land and other resources. Existing lower yield in rice caused by improper planting methods, particularly related to transplanting. This research was conducted to understand the effect of planting methods with coated and uncoated seeds to maximize seed yield and quality of rice. A field was raised in a randomized block design (RBD) on different treatments as coated and uncoated seeds with methods of sowings such as drone sowing, drum sowing, machine transplanting and manual transplanting with three replications. The observation on the number of hills m-2, number of tillers m-2, number of productive tillers m 2, number of grains panicle-1, 1000-grain weight, rice yield m-2 and quality indicators were gathered. The result indicates the maximum seed yield and productive tillers per hill recorded in drone seeding with coated seeds (59.71 q ha-1 and 31.75, respectively) whereas uncoated manual transplanting recorded 51.68 q ha-1 and 25.0 numbers, respectively in rice variety CO 55. Further, results on seed quality parameters revealed that machine transplanting yields higher production with the best seed quality compared to the seeds from drone sowing. It is concluded that drone sowing and machine transplanting are superior in seed yield and quality than conventional manual transplanting. Further research on enhancing the seed productivity through drone sowing on seeding density, population maintenance and productive tiller enhancement can be done.
Performance of the automated digital cell image analyzer UIMD PBIA in white blood cell classification: a comparative study with sysmex DI-60
Authors: Kim Hongkyung , Kweon Oh Joo , Yoon Sumi , Lim Yong Kwan , Kim Bohyun
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of PBIA (UIMD, Seoul, Republic of Korea), an automated digital morphology analyzer using deep learning, for white blood cell (WBC) classification in peripheral blood smears and compare it with the widely used DI-60 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan).

Methods

A total of 461 slides were analyzed using PBIA and DI-60. For each instrument, pre-classification performance was evaluated on the basis of post-classification results verified by users. Pre- and post-classification results were compared with manual WBC differentials, and the ability to identify abnormal cells was assessed.

Results

The pre-classification performance of PBIA was better than that of DI-60 for most cell classes. PBIA had an accuracy of 90.0 % and Cohen’s kappa of 0.934, higher than DI-60 (45.5 % accuracy and 0.629 kappa) across all cell classes. The pre-classification performance of both instruments decreased when abnormal cells were observed in manual counts, but PBIA still performed better. PBIA also appeared to show better correlation with manual WBC differential counts, particularly in pre-classification (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: 0.696–0.944 vs. 0.230–0.882 for neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and blasts), although the mean differences varied by cell class. For abnormal cells identified in manual counts, PBIA exhibited more false positives for blasts (30.5 vs. 2.3 %), while DI-60 had a higher rate of false negatives (42.1 vs. 6.1 %). Both instruments exhibited high false negative rates for atypical lymphocytes.

Conclusions

PBIA demonstrated better performance than DI-60, highlighting its clinical utility. Further multicenter studies are required for full validation.
How much do we know about wild canid (Carnivora: Canidae) ectoparasites in Mexico? Current state of knowledge
Authors: Hernández-Urbina Cesar Francisco , Fernández Jesús A. , Titulaer Mieke , Aguilar-Palma Nelson G. , Acosta Roxana , Camargo-Sanabria Angela A.
Published: January 2025

Environmental degradation has altered animal population dynamics, making the monitoring of parasitic communities in wildlife relevant because of their potential impact on environmental and public health. Through the compilation of ectoparasite data in three wild canids of Mexico, an updated list of ectoparasite species recorded on them in Mexico is reported. The goal is to understand the current state of knowledge about the taxonomic composition of ectoparasite communities in wild canids, specifically which taxa are currently known, locations been recorded, and sites yet to be sampled. Using electronic databases, geographical coordinates were obtained for localities with records of wild canids and their ectoparasites. The records for the canid species and their respective collected ectoparasites were mapped in Mexico. Urocyon cinereoargenteus has the greatest number of ectoparasite species, followed by Canis latrans and Vulpes macrotis. A total of 14 flea species from three families were recorded. The family Pulicidae was the most abundant, followed by Rhopalopsyllidae and Ceratophyllidae. Regarding ticks, only three species of the family Ixodidae were found. No louse records were found. It is recommended to conduct further studies on the composition and structure of ectoparasite communities in carnivores because it provides fundamental data for species conservation.
Optimization of alkali modified breadfruit peel flour-LDPE composite for car mirror casings
Authors: Government Rabboni Mike , Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic
Published: January 2025

The research was carried out to optimize the properties of alkali modified breadfruit peel flour-low-density polyethylene (BPF-LDPE) composite. The BPF-LDPE composite was produced for both alkalized with NaOH (NS-BPF-LDPE) and unmodified (UN-BPF-LDPE) composite by compounding bread fruit peel fiber (BPF) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The BPF was blended at 5–25 wt.% fiber content (A
1) and 20–100 mesh (850–150 µm) particle size (A
2). The variation of A
1 and A
2 on the tensile strength (U
TS), stretching modulus (U
TM), elongation (U
E), flexural strength (U
FS), bending modulus (U
FM), hardness (U
H), Impact strength (U
IS) and water absorption resistivity (U
WAR) of the BPF-LDPE composite were verified, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented for this process. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was tested on NS-BPF-LDPE and UN-BPF-LDPE composite, respectively. The results noted that at optimal state, A
1,
A
2,
U
TS, U
E, U
TM, U
FS, U
FM, U
H, U
IS and U
WAR, were 150 µm (100 mesh), 25 wt.%, 7.638322 MPa, 8.105433 %, 0.341301 GPa, 23.48253 MPa, 0.331741 GPa, 167.2593 Pa, 45.28871 kJ m−2 and 4.730205 %, respectively. After the modeling process, the error detected from experimental related results and that RSM was <2.9445 %. All the RSM predicted responses attributed significant correlation indicating good prediction of NS-BPF-LDPE composite in production of engineering component.
Investigation into the crystallization of poly-lactic acid following the application of a novel high molecular weight, high epoxy functionality polymer chain extender
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Ma Liuliu , Wu Xihao , Si Shengren , Duan Hao
Published: January 2025

This research explored the impact of a novel polymer chain extender with high epoxy functionality on the crystallization properties of polylactic acid (PLA). FT-IR and Raman spectrometer were utilized to characterize the structure of PLA after chain extension. The dosage of the chain extender (HSMG) in PLA was varied to investigate its effect on the crystallization behavior of PLA via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results indicated that incorporating HSMG into PLA significantly altered its crystallization behavior, without significantly changing its crystal structure.
The role of neuroinflammation in PV interneuron impairments in brain networks; implications for cognitive disorders
Authors: Allami Pantea , Yazdanpanah Niloufar , Rezaei Nima
Published: January 2025

Fast spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneuron is an inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneuron diffused in different brain networks, including the cortex and hippocampus. As a key component of brain networks, PV interneurons collaborate in fundamental brain functions such as learning and memory by regulating excitation and inhibition (E/I) balance and generating gamma oscillations. The unique characteristics of PV interneurons, like their high metabolic demands and long branching axons, make them too vulnerable to stressors. Neuroinflammation is one of the most significant stressors that have an adverse, long-lasting impact on PV interneurons. Neuroinflammation affects PV interneurons through specialized inflammatory pathways triggered by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The crucial cells in neuroinflammation, microglia, also play a significant role. The destructive effect of inflammation on PV interneurons can have comprehensive effects and cause neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and bipolar disorder. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of mechanisms in which neuroinflammation leads to PV interneuron hypofunction in these diseases. The integrated knowledge about the role of PV interneurons in cognitive networks of the brain and mechanisms involved in PV interneuron impairment in the pathology of these diseases can help us with better therapeutic interventions.
Brand identity construction through the heritage of Chinese destination logos
Authors: Liang Liling , Cheong Cecilia Yin Mei
Published: January 2025

This research investigates how multimodality is applied in logos to build a heritage brand identity for Chinese destinations. As a historical country, China is known for its huge reserves of cultural and natural heritage, which ideally offers abundant resources for developing its tourism industry. These can be taken advantage of in branding its destinations. Kress and van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar was adopted in this study to conduct a qualitative analysis of the images and words of destination logos collected from 34 provincial-level administrative regions in China. The findings indicate that pictorial and written elements are skillfully used in the logos through the manifestation of heritage, capturing features that convey significant connotations to promote a positive brand identity of the Chinese destinations. This research adds to the existing literature on destination branding through heritage commodification by embodying evocative multimodal features in destination logos, as well as promoting the semiotic approach as an effective tool in constructing the heritage brand identity of Chinese destinations.
State Liability Insurance Derived from an antijuridical damage caused in the provision of health services. Analysis of the guarantee of the rights of the pregnant woman, the unborn child, the newborn baby and the protection of the State's assets
Authors: Lopez Oliva Jose , Alarcón Peña Andrea
Published: January 2025

This research article aims to analyze compliance with the guarantee of the rights of pregnant women, unborn children, and newborns when they are victims of wrongful damage caused by the Colombian State. It also intends to identify the advantages of state liability insurance, which seeks to protect the State’s assets. The damage victims are subjects of special reinforced constitutional and conventional protection. Numerous relevant changes have been made seeking the protection of their guarantees, which is why this investigation is highly relevant. These subjects, direct consumers of a medicalservice, have a special safeguard of their rights by the healthcare provider, i.e., a health professional or public or private legal entity that facilitates the provision of this service. When the patient’s guarantees are affected by the public servant’s negligent, reckless, or violative action of the lex artis, illegal damages arise that need compensation. Compensation is made effective based on the cause of the damage or by the insurer of the victimizer. Because these victims are subjects of special constitutional and conventional protection, the Colombian Council of State has established the payment of significant sums of money to guarantee the fundamental right to comprehensive compensation. Consequently, the State transfers the risk to an insurance company that guarantees the payment of this compensation. This research adopted a qualitative approach with an exploratory and critical scope, supported by a critical and holistic hermeneutic method, documentary review techniques, and conversation with experts. Scopus, Scielo, Publindex, and Latindex databases, among others, were established as research tools.
Effect of biogas slurry on the nutrient cycling and micro-organisms community in two types of soil
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Jiang Dongqi , Wang Shuqiang , Zhang Xianying , Zhang Yulan , Wang Yonghuan , Chen Zhenhua , Jiang Nan
Published: January 2025

The biogas slurry (BS) generated through the anaerobic fermentation of biogas in pig farms is extensively employed as an organic fertilizer in Northeast China. BS is often used in large amounts because of fragmented farmland ownership resulting from previous local policies. In this work, 20 m3 · 667m-2 of BS was applied to black soil twice and to aeolian sandy soil once to explore microbial-driven nutrient cycling. The results indicated that BS increased organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents in black soil. The activities of C-cycling and P-cycling enzymes in black soil were enhanced, while the activities of P-cycling enzymes in aeolian sandy soil were reduced. The BS application increased the abundance ratio of fungi to bacteria in both soil types. Total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus primarily influenced the microbial community structure in black soil, while pH was the key factor in aeolian sandy soil. However, the excessive increase of heavy metals in black soil treated twice BS posed a potential risk to the environment. Utilizing BS as fertilizer is a viable strategy applicable for Northeastern China’s agriculture, and application dosages must be adjusted according to experimental results.
Effect of waterproofing treatment on mechanical properties of bamboo
Authors: Yang Lei , Li Dongming , Yu Lixiang
Published: January 2025

Longitudinal tensile, longitudinal compressive, and flexural tests of bamboo from different regions were carried out, and the values of strength and elastic modulus were obtained. The probability distribution models of mechanical properties of bamboo in different regions were studied based on the data. The effects of no waterproofing treatment, tung oil treatment, and wood wax oil treatment on mechanical property degradation of bamboo were studied in response to 7 days of soaking. The main conclusions include: the mechanical properties of bamboo produced in Yunnan Province were the highest, followed by Jiangxi Province, and the lowest in Zhejiang Province. The Weibull distribution model achieved a good fit for all mechanical properties. With the increase of soaking time, the mechanical properties of bamboo were degraded. Degradation in the control group was the highest, followed by the wood wax oil group, and tung oil group was the lowest. On the 7th day, the average mechanical properties of the control group had decreased by 32.0%, the tung oil group by 14.5%, and the wood wax oil group by 25.6%. Through comprehensive comparison, it was evident that tung oil treatment provided the best waterproofing effect for bamboo.
Synthesis and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes with mixed ligands based on glycine and dicarboxylic acids
Authors: Múnera-Gómez Luisa Fernanda , Muñoz-Acevedo Juan Carlos , Pabón-Gelves Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

A large number of metal complexes have the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes based on glycine (Gly), itaconic acid (Ita), and oxalic acid (Ox) were synthesized by conventional methods and evaluated for their antibacterial activity. The metal complexes were characterized by TGA, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and XRD. The metal: ligands (M:L1:L2) stoichiometry of these complexes is 1:2:2, and coordination around Cu(II) and Ni(II) seems to be octahedral, with the ligands bound through the N atom of the amino group and O atoms of the bridging carboxylate group. These compounds are crystalline and stable at temperatures between 250 to 300°C. The metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial activity against the bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. These compounds were shown to have antibacterial activity mainly against gram-positive strains, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 20 ppm.
Structure of the production module, production factors and economic performance in Brazilian coffee growth
Authors: Marques Matheus Mangia , De Melo Gustavo Alves , Júnior Luiz Gonzaga de Castro , Carvalho Eduardo Gomes , Peixoto Maria Gabriela Mendonça , Barbosa Samuel Borges , De Mendonça Maria Cristina Angélico , Santos Patrícia Guarnieri dos , Serrano André Luiz Marques , Ferreira Lucas Oliveira Gomes , Guerra José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade
Published: January 2025

Coffee growing is an important activity for Brazilian agribusiness, and several production factors can reflect on economic and productive results. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate, through Structural Equation Modeling, the interactions between property structure and effective operational costs with productivity, product value, and economic performance for coffee growing in Brazil. It was observed that the property structure positively influences productivity, but the hypotheses that they influence product value and economic performance were not validated. As for the effective operating costs, it was only possible to affirm a negative influence on financial performance. In this way, the study contributes to the formation of strategies among producers as well as providing theoretical support on the applicability of the structural equation modeling technique. Finally, it is suggested the use of new managerial indicators to measure economic performance, the evaluation of the impact of coffee beverage quality on costs and ownership structure, in addition to replicating the study for other crops such as oranges, apples, bananas, and papaya.
Waste-based consumable for hardfacing by welding: a look from the Circular Economy
Authors: Bernal-Gutiérrez Azucena Elizabeth , Ulloa-Méndez Carmen Isabel , Najarro-Quintero Rodolfo , Cruz-Crespo Amado , Perdomo-González Lorenzo , Duffus-Scott Alejandro
Published: January 2025

In the present work, the obtaining of a consumable for the restore parts by welding from the perspective of the circular economy is addressed, using industrial solid residuals (slag from steel production, graphite from fragments of electrodes of arc furnaces) and agroindustrial residuals (ash from the combustion of biomass (rice husk)) and conceiving the non-generation of new solid residuals in the hardfacing process. The conceptual scheme of obtaining a sustainable consumable for hardfacing by Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is proposed, establishing the internal symbiosis between the obtaining and application processes, as well as the symbiosis of these with external processes and the possibility of introduction to industrial practice. The obtaining of a flux based on residuals and its application in the hardfacing of pieces are experimentally validated, confirming the possibility of recycling the resulting slag.
Design and fabrication study of a small remote-controlled bionic butterfly flapping-wing flying machine
Authors: Mao Yaozeng , Wu Fan , Lao Junjie , Li Minglei
Published: January 2025

This research is devoted to simulating the flight characteristics of real butterflies, and a small remote-controlled bionic butterfly flying machine is designed and manufactured. We analyze the principle of butterfly wing flight, which provides a theoretical basis for bionic design. Then, through 3D modeling and finite element analysis, an innovative design scheme of small bionic butterfly flight vehicle was proposed and verified, and its lift force was analyzed after assembly. This study not only demonstrates the feasibility of the design and implementation of small bionic butterfly aircraft, but also emphasizes its potential application value in the execution of small space missions, providing a new perspective for the design and optimization of bionic aircraft in the future.
Comparative analysis: PVC and concrete panels and traditional masonry
Authors: Silva Iara Lima da , Gomes Renata de Oliveira
Published: January 2025

This article presents a comparative analysis between the construction system using PVC panels and concrete and conventional masonry, exploring their advantages and disadvantages in the context of civil construction. The main objective is to assess the feasibility of each method, considering factors such as sustainability, cost, efficiency, and environmental impact. The study was conducted based on a literature review of the mechanical properties of PVC, its resistance to degradation, and its practical applications in various areas of construction. Characteristics such as execution speed, durability, and environmental challenges were also compared. The results indicate that the PVC system offers significant advantages in terms of construction speed, resource savings, and durability. However, it presents challenges such as the emission of toxic gases in fire situations and limited suppliers, which can increase costs. Conventional masonry, although widely used and accessible, faces problems such as waste generation and quality control. It is concluded that both systems have their place in civil construction, and the choice between them should be based on a detailed analysis of the project’s needs, considering environmental impacts and long-term costs.
Extraction of molybdenite concentrates by leaching
Authors: Bazan-Brizuela Vanesa Lucía , Medina-Arias Marcela , Orozco-Santander Ivana
Published: January 2025

El concentrado de molibdenita (MoS2) es obtenido actualmente como un subproducto en el procesamiento de minerales provenientes de un pórfido de cobre, siendo la molibdenita considerada un componente menor. El procedimiento para la extracción comercial de molibdeno desde un sulfuro, la molibdenita, implica tostar el concentrado, purificar el calcinado resultante, ya sea por destilación de  tiroxido de molibdeno (MoO3 )o por una ruta hidrometalúrgica, y finalmente reducir el trióxido con hidrógeno para obtener el metal
El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la producción de molibdeno desde concentrados de molibdenita usando una solución acuosa de ácido clorhídrico (HCl) como lixiviante, cloruro de sodio (NaCl) como catalizador, hidróxido de sodio (OHNa) como regulador de pH, y por último cloruro férrico (FeCl3) como un oxidante. Los resultados muestran que trabajando en un pH más grande que 8 temperatura de 50ºC, con una concentración de ácido clorhídrico de 5% y una relación solida / liquido de 10:1, velocidad de agitación de 200- 300 rpm y la adición de un 2% de cloruro férrico, La lixiviación de Mo fue del 70% en condiciones experimentales en un tiempo de 180 minutos, con una remoción completa del hierro.
Bibliometric analysis on current ergonomic trends in the international labor context
Authors: Padrón-Sardiña Jade , Pancorbo-Camacho Isabela , Acosta-Prieto Juan Lázaro , Cuello-Cuello Yilena
Published: January 2025

The objective of this research is to conduct a literature review on current ergonomic current ergonomic trends in the international labor context. The Prisma method was used and a total of 160 articles from 20 high impact journals selected from the Scimago Journal & Country Rank platform were examined from 20 high impact journals selected from the Scimago Journal & Country Rank platform were examined. The most relevant results were: there is a higher concentration of publications in the year 2023 (43.75%); the journals with the highest number of publications on Ergonomics are IEE Transaction on Human Machine systems (16.25%), in which Physical Ergonomics (53.67%) studied existing Ergonomics dimensions followed by Cognitive Ergonomics (36.03%). It is concluded that the emerging trends in Ergonomics reveal the current interest in bringing automation, artificial intelligence and new technologies to all areas of the human life.
Trends in the use of biomass for energy generation for a province in the Central Region of Argentina
Authors: Quicchi Agostina Lucía , Bernard Mariana Del Valle , Ferreyra Diego Martín , Schweickardt Gustavo Alejandro
Published: January 2025

In this work, analyses are performed on international reports applicable to Argentina regarding the use of biomass for energy generation. More specific trends in the national context are also analyzed, and then a more detailed study is performed for Córdoba, one of the three provinces in the so-called Central Region. Córdoba was chosen not only due to its large availability of biomass and wide range of agricultural production, but also because of its favorable regulation promoting energy generation with regional biomass. It becomes clear that projects using dry biomass are very limited in number and scale in this province. Considering previous studies, including articles by the authors on energy applications of regional biomass such as sorghum, esparto grass or corn, it can be hinted that the use of dry biomass resources for energy generation is well below the capacity in the chosen province.
Aortic stenosis and mitral valve dysplasia in a miniature Bull Terrier
Authors: Delgado J. , Vargas-Pinto P.
Published: January 2025

The clinical case of a one-year-old miniature Bull Terrier is presented. The patient was brought to the cardiology service of the Small Animal Clinic at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia due to historical syncopal episodes during exercise or moments of excitement, as well as at rest. Additionally, these syncopal episodes have increased in frequency to the point of daily occurrence. Echocardiography reveals thickening of the interventricular septum and the free wall of both ventricles. Additionally, irregular enlargement is evidenced in the mass of the papillary muscles of the left ventricle, which are distributed concentrically to the ventricular cavity, as well as a thickened mitral valve, which neither closes nor opens correctly causing mitral insufficiency and regurgitant flow to the left atrium. Similarly, narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract and increased echogenicity in the aortic valve are observed, which, similarly to the mitral valve, is unable to open properly. The findings suggest congenital mitral valve dysplasia leading to stenosis, accompanied by aortic stenosis. Due to the absence of surgical intervention options, therapy aims to control existing clinical signs and halt the progression of cardiac enlargement using beta-blockers.
Comparison of glucose, serum iron and hemoglobin values in Ateles geoffroyi during dietary change.
Authors: Sac-Barrios J. M. , Morales-Monterroso S. A.
Published: January 2025

Spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) are considered frugivorous animals, their diet in the wild being composed mostly of fruits. In permanent or temporary captivity, the diets offered are usually high in commercial fruits and low in certain compounds, such as minerals, that build blood molecules. This study was conducted with a group of ten clinically healthy, transiently captive adult spider monkeys with whom a balancing and reformulation of the artificial diet offered was practiced. These animals were handled in the same way before, during and after the dietary change. They were captured prior to initiating the dietary change, twice during the modifications and one last time with the balanced diet already established. In these samplings, physical and biochemical parameters (glucose, iron and hemoglobin) were evaluated. The main need of the original dietary balance was the decrease of excessive carbohydrates, and the increase of legumes and elements high in iron. During the evaluations performed during the diet change period, alterations in the biochemical parameters evaluated against the reference parameters were evidenced, including fluctuations in the glucose level; weight fluctuations; a significant increase in iron bioavailability; and a fluctuation in hemoglobin levels that transiently increased together with the increase in the availability of dietary iron. It is concluded that, for each change in the diet offered in captivity to this species, at least two clinical evaluations, separated by 30 days, should be included to assess the clinical effects of the modification.