bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract Su1203: Temporal Trends in Post-Resuscitation Fever After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Abdel Jawad Mohammad , Gosch Kensey , O'Keefe Evan , Chan Paul
Published: November 2024

Background:
A goal of post-resuscitation care among patients successfully resuscitated from in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is avoidance of fever. However, the incidence of post-resuscitation fever after the initial therapeutic hypothermia trials in 2002 and after the recent Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) trial in 2013 is unknown.

Objective:
Examine temporal trends in fever during the first 24 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from IHCA during 2005-2013 (after the initial hypothermia trials) and then during 2014-2022 (after the TTM trial).

Methods:
Within the Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry for IHCA in the U.S., we identified adult patients with ROSC after an index IHCA from 127 hospitals that submitted data on IHCA during both time periods between 2005 and 2022. Patients with sepsis and COVID-19 infection were excluded. We evaluated temporal trends in post-resuscitation fever (defined as
>
100 °
F
) during 2005-2013 after the initial hypothermia trials, and then between 2014-2022 after the TTM trial.

Results:
Among 41,155 patients with ROSC after IHCA, the mean age was 64.8 years (±15.0); 60.0% were male, and 68.6% were of White race. Overall, 11,745 (28.5%) developed post-resuscitation fever (Figure 1). Following the therapeutic hypothermia trials in late 2002, the incidence of fever decreased from 39.1% in 2005 to 29.0% in 2013 (
P
for trend < 0.001) (Figure 2). After the publication of the TTM trial in late 2013, post-resuscitation fever in the years 2014-2022 did not go up but declined more modestly (
P
for trend = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Between 2005 and 2013, the incidence of post-resuscitation fever after IHCA decreased substantially. Since the publication of the TTM trial in late 2013, fever incidence has not increased; rather, it has remained relatively stable, even as reported use of therapeutic hypothermia has declined.
Abstract Su205: Using Emergency Medical Services Monitors for Cardiac Arrest Patients in the Emergency Department is Associated with Faster Initial Rhythm Analysis and Defibrillation
Authors: Ramraj Rahul , Chen Elaine , Puentes Adrian , Haddad Ghania , Pineo Molly , Young Elizabeth , Li Timmy , Becker Lance , Rolston Daniel , Jafari Daniel
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
The 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) emphasizes the importance of high-quality CPR and early defibrillation in improving cardiac arrest (CA) survival. Using our emergency department (ED) CA video review registry, we can capture metrics to reliably assess the effectiveness of different approaches to CA management.

Goals/Hypothesis:
We propose that emergency medical services (EMS) pads and defibrillators should be used to initially analyze cardiac rhythm in the ED. We hypothesize that this “EMS Equipment” approach is associated with shorter time to first ED rhythm detection and defibrillation, higher chest compression fraction (CCF), and improved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rates.

Methods:
This is a single center, retrospective cohort study using our CA video review registry between 10/03/2018 – 2/20/2024. Atraumatic, out-of-hospital CA patients ≥18 years were included while patients arriving to the ED with ROSC were excluded.

The “EMS Equipment” group utilized EMS pads and defibrillators while the “ED Equipment” group utilized ED pads and defibrillators for the first ED rhythm analysis. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to assess differences in time to first rhythm check and first defibrillation among the two groups. Chi-square tests were used to assess whether the proportions of patients achieving above median CCF, ROSC, survival to admission and discharge in the two groups were different.

Results:
A total of 247 patients were included in the analysis with 69 patients in the EMS Equipment group (27.9%) and 178 patients in the ED Equipment group (72.1%). The EMS Equipment group had a shorter median time to first ED rhythm detection (96 vs. 255 seconds, p <0.00001). Among the 63 patients defibrillated in the ED, the EMS Equipment group had a shorter median time to first ED defibrillation (103 vs. 413 seconds, p = 0.0024). There was no significant difference in CCF, ROSC rates, survival to admission or discharge. ROSC was achieved in 36% of cases.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, initial rhythm analysis with EMS pads and defibrillators was associated with shorter time to initial ED rhythm detection and defibrillation, but not improved CCF, ROSC rates, and survival. Larger studies are needed to verify these exploratory results in more diverse settings.
Abstract Su301: Longer Chest Compression Intervals Between Pulse Checks in Patients with Non-Shockable Rhythms are Associated with Increased Subsequent Return of Spontaneous Circulation Events
Authors: Haddad Ghania , Jafari Daniel , Li Timmy , Pineo Molly , Essaihi Amina , Young Elizabeth , Huang Xueqi , Becker Lance , Rolston Daniel
Published: November 2024

Background:
Chest compressions are a cornerstone of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and evidence shows that fewer interruptions and higher chest compression fractions improve outcomes in cardiac arrest. Interruptions in chest compression are important in patients with shockable rhythms to assess the need for defibrillation; however, in pulseless electrical activity (PEA) or asystole, a pause in chest compressions every 2 minutes may be detrimental, as it decreases chest compression fraction and reduces myocardial, cerebral, and systemic perfusion.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesize that patients with non-shockable rhythms on whom chest compression intervals were greater than 2 minutes have better odds of achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Objective:
Our primary objective is to determine if longer chest compression intervals are associated with improved subsequent ROSC in patients with initial PEA or asystole rhythms.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of video-recorded adult atraumatic cardiac arrest resuscitations in a quaternary care Emergency Department from 1/30/2018 to 2/20/2024. We only examined patients in PEA or asystole and determined the duration of all chest compression intervals for each patient. We grouped the chest compression interval durations into 3 groups (<1min 45sec, 1min 45sec to 2 min 14sec, ≥2min 15 sec) and determined the odds of subsequent ROSC for each chest compression interval duration. We assessed the association between chest compression interval duration and ROSC episodes using a logistic regression model.

Results:
Out of 326 video-reviewed patients, 235 patients had an initial rhythm of PEA or asystole of which 44 (18.7%) survived to admission and 9 (3.8%) to hospital discharge. The 235 patients yielded 1724 chest compression intervals and 151 ROSC episodes. The ROSC rate for the chest compression intervals <1:45sec was 7.3% (49 out of 673) versus 8.1% (51 out of 632) for intervals 1:45 to 2:14 versus 12.2% (51 out of 419) for intervals ≥2 min 15sec. In a logistic regression model, using the 1min 45 sec to 2min 14 sec interval as the reference group, the <1min 45sec group had 10% lower odds of ROSC (OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.35) and the ≥2min 15 sec group had 58% higher odds of ROSC (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.38).

Conclusion:
In cardiac arrest patients presenting with non-shockable rhythms, chest compression intervals ≥2 min15sec are associated with higher odds of achieving ROSC.
Abstract Su502: Is 80% a Reasonable Minimal Goal for Defibrillation Efficacy of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ?
Authors: Didon Jean-Philippe , MENETRE Sarah , Hong Tuan Ha Vivien , Derkenne Clement , Frattini Benoit , Jost Daniel
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
There is no clear goal defined by standards or learned societies on clinical performance related to defibrillation efficacy. In literature, monophasic shocks defibrillation efficacy is mainly >70% whereas biphasic is >80%. Resuscitation guidelines define efficient defibrillation as cessation of shockable rhythm at 5s post-shock and proceed to state that beyond 5s, shock outcomes are biased by known confounders (call to AED connection time (CallAEDTime), bystander, cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), drugs…). Thus, it is consistent that automated external defibrillator (AED) performance should be assessed in terms of defibrillation efficacy right after the shock rather than in terms of restoration of a spontaneous circulation or survival to hospital discharge. This study aimed to define an acceptable goal for validation of defibrillation efficacy.

Method:
In this observational retrospective study, we included AED tracings of adult non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with initial ventricular fibrillation (VF) rescued by basic life support teams (Paris Fire Brigade) from 01/2017 to 02/2022. Cardiac rhythm was examined during the 10 first minutes of connection of the AED (DGT7, Schiller Médical, France). Shockable rhythm is defined as coarse-VF with at least 200µV peak-to-peak amplitude (ptpA). Efficient defibrillation was defined as cessation of shockable rhythm at 5s post-shock. We fitted a linear mixed model to predict defibrillation efficacy using the 4s ptpA of pre-shock VF. The model included the patient as random effect and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
We analyzed 1333 shocks from 547 patients, with: median age of 59 (interquartile range, IQR[49-71]), 78% male, 36% in public places, 72% with bystander CPR and median[IQR] CallAEDTime of 13min [10-15]min. The effect of the pre-shock ptpA of VF on the defibrillation efficacy is statistically significant: OR=1.023, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.010,1.036], p<0.001. That means that for each 100µv increment in VF amplitude pre-shock, the probability of success at 5s post-shock increases by 2.3%. Adjusting for age, sex, location, CPR and CallAEDTime does not change the results. The logistic regression of Figure1, shows a defibrillation efficacy at 200µV ptpA of 79%, CI [75,82]%.

Conclusion:
Based on 1333 OHCA biphasic shocks, this study suggests defining 80% as a reasonable minimal goal for validation of the AED defibrillation efficacy.
Abstract Su602: Categorizing Witnessed Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest by Bystander Type
Authors: Shekhar Aditya , Stebel Jacob , Mitra Avir , Kimbrell Joshua , Mader Timothy , Abbott Ethan
Published: November 2024

Witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) are associated with improved outcomes with increased likelihood of rapid activation of the emergency response system thus decreasing no-flow or low-flow times. Current literature has largely treated witnessed cardiac arrest as binary (i.e. was a cardiac arrest witnessed Yes/No). We hypothesize there is a need to further delineate and categorize distinct bystander types; these differences may have important downstream contributions to outcomes and survival and targets for improving training and recognition. For example, a bystander who is a healthcare provider with formal training or has experience performing resuscitation may be associated with better outcomes than a non-medical layperson.

We examined a national-level database of emergency medical services (EMS) activations in the United States (NEMSIS). Inclusion criteria were any adult (18+ years) cardiac arrest activation between January 2022 and December 2023. Cardiac arrests taking place after EMS arrival (EMS-witnessed) were excluded. Witnessed status was described as unwitnessed, witnessed by healthcare provider, witnessed by family member, or witnessed by bystander. Across basic demographic variables, we compared overall witnessed rates, family member witnessed rates, and healthcare worker witnessed rates.

A total of 791,217 cardiac arrests met inclusion criteria. Overall, 62.5% of arrests were unwitnessed, 22.8% were witnessed by a family member, and 6.3% were witnessed by a healthcare provider. Across sex, cardiac arrests in male patients were more likely to be witnessed, however, cardiac arrests in female patients were more likely to be witnessed by a family member or healthcare provider (p<0.05). Significant differences in witnessed status were also seen across race/ethnicity. For instance, cardiac arrests in Black/African American patients were less likely to be witnessed by family members and cardiac arrests in Hispanic/Latino patients were less likely to be witnessed by healthcare workers (p<0.05).

Our analysis of a large and nationally-representative database of cardiac arrest suggests differences in rates of witnessed cardiac arrest and – perhaps, more importantly – the existence of different types of bystanders. Moreover, when considering these differences, there is heterogeneity among demographic variables. Future research is needed to understand whether these differences in bystander type may contribute to differences in outcomes.
Abstract Su902: Ability of Composite Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Scores to Predict Functional Outcomes in Survivors of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Nguyen Thuhien , Poilvert Nicolas , Lin Victor , Ukatu Hope , Matin Nassim , Davis Arielle , Taylor Breana , Thomas Penelope , Sharma Monisha , Town James , Wahlster Sarah , Johnson Nicholas
Published: November 2024

Background:
Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been examined for neuroprognostication (NP) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, studies have focused on predicting poor outcomes of non-awakening and/or death. Recommendations for utilization of brain MRI in NP remain weak due to its subjective interpretation.

Aim:
We modified a previously published brain MRI score and examined our quantitated NP scores’ ability to predict good functional outcomes in OHCA survivors.

Methods:
We screened OHCA cases (2017-2023, Seattle Medic One registry) for patients who survived to hospital discharge and had brain MRIs performed 25 hours-7 days after arrest. Each MRI was reviewed by two adjudicators; a third reviewer served as tie-breaker. Reviewers were blinded to patient outcomes. Diffusion Weighted Imaging and Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery sequences were reviewed to score 35 neuroanatomical regions. Graded severity for estimated affected area (0 = zero; 1= < 25%; 2 = 25-50%; 3 = 50-75%; 4 = >75%) and binary (0 = not affected, 1 = affected) scores were tallied. Points were summed for a composite brain MRI score, “
NP score
”, possible range 0-214. Primary outcome was Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) at hospital discharge (1-2: “independent”, 3: “dependent”, 4: “vegetative state”). Computational modeling employed folded normal distributions and Maximum Likelihood Estimation. Statistical analyses were Pearson’s, Spearman’s, ANOVA, Fisher LSD, t-tests.

Results:
Forty-two (42) adult patients were included (74% men, 55% Caucasian). Median NP score was 11.5 (IQR 41.5, n=42) overall, 2 (IQR=10, n=21) for independent versus 25.5 (IQR 36.5, n=10) for dependent patients, and 92 (IQR=81, n=11) for those in a vegetative state. NP scores strongly correlated with CPC [

r
s

(40) = .69,
p< .001
], and were significantly different between CPC groups [F(2,39) = 32.66,
p< 0.001
]. Interrater concordance for NP score was high (Pearson)
r
= .88 [r = .96; .95; .90; .71].

Conclusions:
Our NP score correlated well with good functional outcomes in OHCA survivors, and (1) identified distinct thresholds that well-separate functional outcome groups and (2) had very strong concordance rate among four pairs of adjudicators. NP score-based predictive modeling differentiates functional outcomes beyond good versus poor dichotomy and may help providers and family anticipate recovery potential.
Abstract Su904: The association between base excess on arrival at the hospital and neurological outcome of adult out-hospital cardiac arrest: observational study
Authors: Onodera Ryuta , Nishioka Norihiro , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Iwami Taku
Published: November 2024

Background:
The relationship between base-excess (BE) values, which take into account the time interval from cardiac arrest to blood test, and neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between BE on arrival at the hospital and neurological outcomes in OHCA patients.

Methods:
The CRITICAL study, a prospective, multicenter observational study in Osaka, Japan, registered consecutive OHCA patients who were transported to 16 participating critical care centers from 2012 to 2021. We included adult patients aged 18 years with witnessed OHCA whose BE values on hospital arrival was available, and divided patients into quartiles based on BE values of initial blood test on arrival at the hospital: Q1 (BE ≤ −21.1 mmol/L), Q2 (−21.1 < BE ≤ −15.7 mmol/L), Q3 (−15.7 < BE ≤ −10.4 mmol/L), and Q4 (BE > −10.4 mmol/L). The primary outcome was one-month survival with favorable neurological outcome, defined as cerebral performance category scale 1 or 2.

Results:
A total of 23,854 patients were registered, and 6,066 of them were eligible for analyses. Neurologically favorable outcome was the lowest in the Q1 group (3.2% [49/1,528]), followed by the Q2 (4.7% [70/1,493]), Q3 (9.8% [148/1,515]), and Q4 (23.5% [359/1,530]) group. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of Q1 compared with Q4 for one-month favorable neurological outcome was 0.13 (95% CI 0.090–0.18). The proportion of one-month favorable neurological outcome decreased progressively across decreasing quartiles (p for trend < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, there was an interaction between presence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) before blood test and neurological outcome (p for interaction < 0.001). The neurological outcome worsened as the BE values decreased among those who achieved ROSC before the blood test (p for trend < 0.001), but not in those without ROSC (p for trend = 0.078). There was not a significant interaction between BE values without ROSC before blood test and time from witness to blood test (p for interaction = 0.501).

Conclusions:
We demonstrated that lower BE values at hospital arrival were associated with worse neurological outcome. The BE values may be one of the effective prognostic indications for neurological outcome, especially in OHCA patients with ROSC before hospital arrival.
Abstract Su906: Patient and Arrest Characteristics Associated with Rearrest and Mortality Following Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Burguera-Couce Eric , Gwo Pam Pam , Nichols Julie , Piktel Joseph , Laurita Kenneth , Wilson Lance
Published: November 2024

Background:
Cardiac rearrest post-return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is a critical concern in emergency care, as it is associated with worse outcomes. Patient characteristics and arrest factors associated with rearrest remain poorly understood, making predicting rearrest after out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) challenging.

Aim:
To examine rearrest patterns, identify patient-specific risk factors for rearrest, and assess the impact of rearrest on patient outcomes.

Hypothesis:
Patients that experience rearrest after OHCA will have greater cardiac comorbidities, unfavorable arrest characteristics, and greater mortality.

Methods:
We performed an observational single-site clinical trial of consecutive adult EMS OHCA patients with ROSC (1/01/2018 to 3/31/24). EMS reports, continuous EMS ECG recordings, and electronic health records were analyzed to determine rearrest occurrence at any time during EMS and ED care. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and arrest/rearrest characteristics were determined. The primary outcome was survival at 6 months. Statistical significance was determined using Chi-square and logistic regression (LR) analyses.

Results:
We examined 344 patients with OHCA and ROSC, of whom 173 patients rearrested and 171 did not. Patients experiencing rearrest were older (p<0.003) and more likely to be female (p<0.013). They were also more likely to have ED resuscitation medications and interventions (epinephrine, amiodarone, lidocaine, defibrillation, all p<0.001) and a higher incidence of underlying cardiovascular comorbidities, including HTN and CAD (p<0.03). Notably, PEA and asystole were the most common rearrest rhythms, and time from arrest to ROSC was greater (30±16 vs. 25±15 min, p<0.007) in rearrest patients vs. those who did not rearrest. Patients with rearrest were less likely to receive TTM (p<0.003) and importantly, had higher rates of in-hospital and six-month mortality (both p<0.001). In a LR model, no rearrest (OR 2.4, 1.1-5.2), shockable arrest rhythm (OR 9.3, 4-22), female sex (OR 3.3, 1.6-6.5), and therapeutic hypothermia (OR 3.3, 1.7-6.4), were associated with survival (all p<0.04).

Conclusions:
Rearrest is independently associated with mortality. Increased age, male sex, and underlying cardiac comorbidities were associated with rearrest. Patient and arrest characteristics may predict rearrest. Improved understanding of why these factors promote rearrest will be important to prevent rearrest to enhance OHCA outcomes.
Neurons as Autoencoders
Authors: Bull Larry
Published: November 2024

This letter presents the idea that neural backpropagation is exploiting dendritic processing to enable individual neurons to perform autoencoding. Using a very simple connection weight search heuristic and artificial neural network model, the effects of interleaving autoencoding for each neuron in a hidden layer of a feedforward network are explored. This is contrasted with the equivalent standard layered approach to autoencoding. It is shown that such individualized processing is not detrimental and can improve network learning.
Redescription of two parasitic copepods belonging to Chondracanthidae and Hatschekiidae, recovered from Japanese fishes (Actinopterygii)
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko
Published: November 2024

Acanthochondria uranoscopi Ho & Kim, 1995 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Chondracanthidae) and Laminohatschekia synaphobranchi Boxshall, 1989 (Siphonostomatoida, Hatschekiidae) are redescribed based on specimens of the female, recovered from Uranoscopus japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (Perciformes, Uranoscopidae) and Synaphobranchus affinis Günther, 1877 (Anguilliformes, Synaphobranchidae), respectively.
On the presence of Solenocera membranacea (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata, Solenoceridae) in the Canary Islands
Authors: González-Lorenzo Gustavo , Arvelo Esther L. , González José A.
Published: November 2024

We confirm the presence of the shrimp Solenocera membranacea (Risso, 1816) (Solenoceridae) in the Canary Islands. In this region, the species was only known from the capture of a specimen on the island of Lanzarote. The present finding based on a male collected on the island of Tenerife represents the second record. The data suggest that the species may be preferentially associated with soft mobile substrates, especially muddy ones, on continental shelves and upper slopes, while its presence on the hard bottoms of the volcanic archipelagos of Macaronesia would be testimonial.
A new species of the genus Eustigmaeus (Trombidiformes: Prostigmata: Stigmaeidae) and the first record of E. extremiorientalis in Japan
Authors: IKEDA SATSUKI , IMADA YUME , NAKANO TAKAFUMI
Published: November 2024

A new stigmaeid mite species Eustigmaeus imadae sp. nov. (Trombidiformes: Prostigmata: Stigmaeidae) is described from Japan. The species was collected from Shikoku and Honshu Islands. Insights into morphological variation among the specimens collected from different localities are provided. Eustigmaeus extremiorientalis Khaustov, 2016 originally described from Russia is recorded for the first time in Japan and is described based on specimens from the Japanese population. The number of Eustigmaeus species known in Japan has now increased to six.
First record of Prabhergia Salmon (Collembola: Tullbergiidae: Tullbergiinae) in the Neotropics with a description of a new species from Brazil
Authors: MENDONÇA MARIA CLEIDE DE , SIGNES TATIANA CRISTINA DA SILVEIRA
Published: November 2024

The genus Prabhergia Salmon, 1965, known so far only in Asia, is recorded for the first time in Brazil. This genus is characterized especially by presence of pseudocelli along the tergites; postantennal organ arranged in two rows with 3 and 4 vesicles respectively (originally listed as 3-5 vesicles in each row), sensory organ of antennal segment III with two sense clubs, robust, exposed and facing each other on the anterior surface, and a single sense club, robust and exposed, on the posterior surface, furca absent and anal spines present. The new species Prabhergia mana sp. nov. is described based on specimens found in bee nests in the ground in the Botanical Garden, city of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro state.
Fumigation Effect on the Mycorrhizal Status, the Mycorrhizal Diversity and the Roots System Development of Strawberry in Morocco
Authors: Bahouq Madiha , Bahouq Hanane , Soulaymani Abdelmajid
Published: November 2024

This study was undertaken to evaluate the fumigation effect on the mycorrhization status of strawberry roots, the diversity of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of strawberry and the roots system development of strawberry. Two parcels were taken randomly in the perimeter of Loukkos with fumigated one. For each parcel, samples of strawberry’s rhizosphere soil were taken regularly all over the cycle of culture. The mycorrhization parameters (mycorrhizal frequency, mycorrhizal intensity, arbuscular content, vesicular content and spores number) were calculated using Phillips and Hayman technique according to the scale of Trouvelot. An identification of spores was made according to the key International culture collection of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (INVAM). The frequency of the apparition of genera and species of spores at the sites were calculated. The roots system development was evaluated with the visual analogical scale (VAS: 0-100 mm). All the parameters were compared between the two parcels. Results showed that Mycorrhizal frequency, the number of spores and the roots system development between fumigated soil and non-fumigated one were respectively ((99.3 ± 2.8 vs. 100); (69 ± 12.3 vs. 137.5 ± 47.8); (23.8 ± 9.6 vs. 63.1 ± 21.6)). Six genera with nine species were identified and three undefined. Glomus genera were the dominant. In multivariate analysis, the roots system development was dependant to the fumigation status (yes/no), the vesicular content and the mycorrhization frequency. The roots system development was dependant to the fumigation status (yes/no) and spores number. As conclusion, this study suggests that the fumigation has a significant effect on the mycorrhization colonisation of roots, diversity of AMF and roots system development of strawberry.
Exploring the scope and depth of digitalisation in times of crisis: Implications for SME resilience
Authors: Sinha Kanhaiya K , Raby Simon , Salari Toktam
Published: November 2024

This article investigates the role of digitalisation in bolstering small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) during crises. Drawing on data from 245 North American SMEs, we examine the impact of digital technology adoption on firm resilience. The findings reveal nuanced relationships: both the depth (Digital Depth) and scope (Digital Scope) of digitalisation exhibit curvilinear associations with resilience (Profit Outlook), suggesting optimal levels for maximum benefits. Moreover, digital depth moderates the relationship between digital scope and resilience, highlighting their interactive role in enhancing adaptive capacities. This research employs a quantitative approach to explore how SMEs can leverage digital tools for resilience. Notably, it highlights the importance of strategic digital investments tailored to industry dynamics for resilience enhancement illustrating the study underscores the practical significance of digital integration for SMEs, indicating its potential to not only restore pre-crisis performance but also foster sustainable growth in the aftermath of disruption.
Automated Geographic-Information-System-Based Framework for Detecting Crosswalk Changes from Bi-Temporal High-Resolution Aerial Images
Authors: Antwi Richard Boadu , Takyi Samuel , Karaer Alican , Ozguven Eren Erman , Kimollo Michael , Moses Ren , Dulebenets Maxim A. , Sando Thobias
Published: November 2024

Identifying changes in pavement markings has become crucial for infrastructure monitoring, maintenance, development, traffic management, and safety. Automated extraction of the roadway geometry is critical in helping with this, given the increasing availability of high-resolution images and advancements in computer vision and object detection. Specifically, because of the substantial volume of satellite and high-resolution aerial images captured at different time instances, change detection has become a viable solution. In this study, an automated framework is developed to detect changes in crosswalks in Orange, Osceola, and Seminole counties in Florida, utilizing data extracted from high-resolution images obtained at various time intervals. Specifically, for Orange County, crosswalk changes between 2019 and 2021 were manually extracted, verified, and categorized as either new or modified crosswalks. For Seminole County, the developed model was used to automatically extract crosswalk changes between 2018 and 2021, while for Osceola County, changes between 2019 and 2020 were extracted. Findings indicate that Orange County witnessed approximately 2,094 crosswalk changes, with 314 occurring on state roads. In Seminole and Osceola counties, on the other hand, 1,040 and 1,402 crosswalk changes were observed on both local and state roads, respectively. Among these, 340 and 344 were identified on state roads in Seminole and Osceola, respectively. Spatiotemporal changes observed in crosswalks can be utilized to regularly update the existing crosswalk inventories, which is essential for agencies engaged in traffic and safety studies. Data extracted from these crosswalk changes can be combined with traffic and crash data to provide valuable insights to policymakers.
Road to the GEM Board—the BlueEX Initial Offering
Authors: Tauseef Sana
Published: November 2024

The idea of catering to the first tech-based logistics company in Pakistan led Mr Mohammad Sohail, the CEO of Topline Securities, to decide to facilitate BlueEX’s initial offer deal. However, after signing the deal in November 2020, Mr Sohail felt slightly uneasy. BlueEX was the second stock to plunge on the newly launched Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) board of Pakistan Stock Exchange. Topline Securities partnered with Arif Habib Investments to mitigate the risk of the subject’s initial offering deal. Rigorous marketing and awareness campaigns were then undertaken, and a thorough valuation was performed. Given the one-of-its-kind business model for BlueEX, Mr Sohail, along with his initial public offering (IPO) management team, was optimistic about turning around the initial offer; however, in light of the identified risks, the stakes involved were high, and the limited history of the GEM board listings along with other market-related challenges kept him worried. The case provides an opportunity to discuss the IPO trends for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and compare the costs and benefits of going public for SMEs. It also allows students to perform corporate valuation with an appreciation of the challenges in valuing unseasoned equity for a company with a unique business model.
Between International Policy and Local Practice: Nepali Service Providers’ Constructions of Domestic Violence in Context
Authors: Willey-Sthapit Claire , Lindhorst Taryn , Magarati Maya , Neupane Gita
Published: November 2024

The conceptualization of social problems is an important site for examining the extent to which the knowledge and priorities of local practitioners are reflected in international policy. This study employed critical discourse analysis to examine the constructions of domestic violence (DV) used by service providers in Pokhara, Nepal, as compared with two major international women's human rights policy documents. Both constructed DV as a human rights issue that should be contextualized within patriarchal and intersecting oppressions. Service providers additionally emphasized the denial of rights and entitlements of family life as DV. This finding underscores the long-term risks that survivors navigate and suggests that international human rights policymakers should broaden conceptualizations of DV.
Radial artery haemostasis after coronary angiography: A scoping review
Authors: Rodrigues David José Teixeira , Teixeira César , Parola Vitor , Marques Paulo
Published: November 2024

Background:

Nursing care in interventional cardiology is vital during perioperative stages, especially with coronary angiography. Radial artery access is now preferred, requiring proper haemostasis to prevent complications. Standardised protocols are needed for effective and economical haemostasis methods. This review aims to map the literature on haemostasis of the radial artery after coronary angiography, an area not previously reviewed.

Methods:

Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews, two reviewers independently selected studies based on eligibility criteria. Data were extracted using a specially developed tool, with disagreements resolved through discussion or a third reviewer. Data synthesis is presented in tabular form and narrative summary. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for scoping reviews guidelines were followed. Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Opengrey, DART-Europe e-theses portal and six key interventional cardiology reference sites.

Results:

From 43 manuscripts, four haemostasis methods for the radial artery after coronary angiography were identified: manual compression ( n = 5), compression bandages ( n = 16), compression devices ( n = 30) and haemostatic patches ( n = 7). Nearly 70% ( n = 30) of references focused on compression devices. Nine techniques were used to evaluate haemostasis methods, with visual inspection (34 references) and Doppler ultrasound (17 references) being the most common. Only nine haemostasis methods lacked an associated protocol.

Conclusion:

This scoping review identifies four primary haemostasis methods post coronary angiography: manual compression, compression bandages, compression devices and haemostatic patches, with compression devices being the most frequently discussed. The variability in evaluation techniques, predominantly visual inspection and ultrasound, underscores the need for standardised guidelines. The absence of protocols for some methods further highlights the necessity for uniform standards to improve consistency and reliability in clinical practice. Standardising these methods and protocols is essential to enhance patient outcomes and advance the field.
Daring to Feel Joy
Authors: Curington Celeste Vaughan
Published: November 2024

Intersectional oppression, or the combined effects of various kinds of discrimination and exclusion, is a fact of life for Cabo Verdean service and care workers in Lisbon, Portugal. But so, too, is joy. By cultivating Black joy within counterspaces of belonging, these women reveal a kaleidoscope of futures worth fighting for.
Perceptions of Participation for Wheelchair Rugby Team Members: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Eglseder Kate , Patria Lori , Demchick Barbara
Published: November 2024

Although physical activity has been shown to influence physical, social, and emotional well-being, individuals experiencing quadriparesis often lack knowledge of and access to adaptive sporting programs. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions about wheelchair rugby’s impact on community participation and well-being for individuals with quadriparesis and to identify functional barriers to participation. Qualitative semistructured interviews were used to explore the perception of participation in wheelchair rugby on community participation and well-being for adults with quadriparesis. Participants perceived that their participation in sports had positive benefits on community participation and well-being. In addition, participants identified barriers to participation for individuals with quadriparesis. Practitioners working with individuals with quadriparesis should consider sports participation when designing interventions and education.
Bridging the Gender Gap in NEET Risk: Institutional Influences on NEET Status in Different Age Groups
Authors: Kang Chungseo , Youn Minjong
Published: November 2024

Utilizing the Survey of Adult Skills from the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and the OECD database, this study investigates the role of gender inequality and public social spending in the gender gap in Not in Employment, Education, or Training (NEET) risk across various age cohorts. The research identifies a concentration of female NEETs aged 25 to 34 in nations with more pronounced gender employment gaps, whereas such disparities were not evident among the 15 to 24 age groups. In exploring the role of public social spending as a mitigating factor for the gender-based NEET rate gap, the study underscores that investments in education, labor market activation, and early childhood education serve as key factors in reducing gender discrepancies in the likelihood of NEET status.
General Election Accessibility in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Democracy’s Responsibility to People with Disabilities
Authors: Yulyana Eka , Martini Nelly , Solehudin Arip , Sadayi Delila Putri
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze accessibility for people with disabilities in general elections during the COVID-19 pandemic. The case study for this research was conducted in the East Karawang District, Karawang Regency because the region has a relatively high number of voters with disabilities. The study’s findings indicate the following: (1) a lack of maximum socialization of people with disabilities; (2) inadequate provision of assistive devices and ease of access at polling stations; and (3) very few people with disabilities participated in regional head elections in East Karawang District, Karawang Regency. (4) Inconsistency and a lack of synergy among general election organizers in providing accessibility to people with disabilities.
(Un)Touchable: The Caged Statues of the Chennai–Bangalore Expressway and the Landscapes of Resilience
Authors: Schellini Marcelo
Published: November 2024

This photo essay is a journey across the Chennai-Bangalore Expressway and North Arcot socio-cultural landscape. As a visual research, it attempts to decipher the dismayed presence of Dr B. R. Ambedkar’s roadside caged statues, monuments erected by local Dalit communities. Whereas these statues should evince the Dalit’s assertiveness in the public space, the research suggests that the iron grille cage produces a reverse effect via a transposition of use and meaning, unveiling the community’s social subjugation. It also indicates that the issue extends beyond endangered statues; in fact, what has been threatened is the very freedom of political expression in public spaces. Through the use of photography as a research tool, the embodiment of images finally discusses the aesthetical and political aspects of the public arena of the Chennai-Bangalore Expressway, one of the arterial highways of Southern India.
A real-world comparison of commercial-use axicabtagene ciloleucel and lisocabtagene maraleucel in large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Looka Andrew , Qualls David A. , Matthews Daniel , Redd Robert A. , Sakellis Christopher , Duffy Caitlyn , Dela Cruz Jamie , Saucier Anna , Armand Philippe , Crombie Jennifer L. , Fisher David C. , Jacobsen Eric D. , Kim Austin I. , LaCasce Ann S. , Merryman Reid W. , Parry Erin M. , Jacobson Caron A.
Published: November 2024

Lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) and axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) are anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies approved for relapsed and refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL); however, there is currently no published data on liso-cel outside of clinical trials nor any data comparing these therapies. In this retrospective analysis, we reviewed patients with LBCL receiving liso-cel or axi-cel at a single institution in the third-line setting. From June 2021 to September 2022, a total of 50 patients received axi-cel and 37 liso-cel. Baseline patient characteristics were similar, aside from older age in liso-cel recipients. The median time from leukapheresis to CAR T-cell infusion was significantly longer for liso-cel (41 days) than axi-cel (30 days). Complete response rates were not significantly different between axi-cel (72%) and liso-cel (62%). At a median follow-up of 11 months, progression-free survival (PFS) was not significantly different between axi-cel and liso-cel cohorts, with 12-month PFS of 59% and 44%, respectively. However, on a propensity score analysis, an inferior PFS was observed with liso-cel (hazard ratio, 2.95; 95% confidence interval , 1.14-7.60). The rates of cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and prolonged neutropenia were higher with axi-cel than liso-cel. Overall, direct comparison of axi-cel and liso-cel cohorts shows similar key outcomes including response rate and PFS, but prolonged wait times for liso-cel may have resulted in biased selection of patients with more favorable characteristics for liso-cel. When accounting for these higher-risk characteristics, an inferior PFS is observed with liso-cel compared with axi-cel. These findings warrant further evaluation in a multicenter setting.
Cerebral vascular shunting and oxygen metabolism in sickle cell disease
Authors: Song Alexander K. , Richerson Wesley T. , Aumann Megan A. , Waddle Spencer L. , Jones R. Sky , Davis Samantha , Milner Lauren , Custer Chelsea , Davis L. Taylor , Pruthi Sumit , Martin Dann , Jordan Lori C. , Donahue Manus J.
Published: November 2024

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at elevated risk of silent cerebral infarcts and strokes; however, they frequently lack established stroke risk factors (eg, macrovascular arterial steno-occlusion) and the mechanisms underlying such events are incompletely characterized. This study evaluated cerebral hemometabolism with respect to imaging markers of vascular shunting in 143 participants with SCD, including 73 pediatric (aged 6-17 years) and 70 adult (aged 18-40 years) participants using 3-Tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Vascular shunting was assessed in each patient using a previously published ordinal venous hyperintensity score (VHS) of 0, 1, or 2 on cerebral blood flow-weighted MRI. Participants with VHS of 2, indicative of the most rapid arteriovenous transit, had significantly reduced blood oxygen content (CaO2; 10.90 ± 1.69 mL O2/100 mL blood), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF; 33.52% ± 5.54%), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2; 2.91 ± 0.69 mL O2/100 g tissue per minute) compared with their counterparts with VHS = 0 (CaO2 = 12.42 ± 1.58 mL O2/100 mL blood; OEF = 39.03% ± 3.80%; CMRO2 = 3.77 ± 0.84 mL O2/100 g tissue per minute) or VHS = 1 (CaO2 = 11.86 ± 1.73 mL O2/100 mL blood; OEF = 36.37% ± 5.11%; CMRO2 = 3.59 ± 0.78 mL O2/100 g tissue per minute). Both pediatric and adult patients with SCD presenting with greater imaging evidence of vascular shunting had mildly reduced OEF and CMRO2. These findings highlight that imaging markers of vascular shunting are associated with significant, albeit mild, evidence of reduced OEF and CMRO2 in patients with SCD.
Venetoclax plus low-intensity chemotherapy for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Luskin Marlise R. , Shimony Shai , Keating Julia , Winer Eric S. , Garcia Jacqueline S. , Stone Richard M. , Jabbour Elias , Flamand Yael , Stevenson Kristen , Ryan Jeremy , Zeng Zhihong , Letai Anthony , Konopleva Marina , Jain Nitin , DeAngelo Daniel J.
Published: November 2024

In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor venetoclax may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, allowing dose reductions. This phase 1b study of venetoclax plus attenuated chemotherapy enrolled 19 patients with ALL either newly diagnosed (aged ≥60 years, n = 11 [B-cell, n = 8; T-cell, n = 3]) or relapsed/refractory (R/R; aged ≥18 years, n = 8 [B-cell, n = 3; T-cell, n = 5]). Venetoclax was given for 21 days with each cycle of mini–hyper-CVD (mini-HCVD; cyclophosphamide, vincristine, dexamethasone alternating with methotrexate and cytarabine). There were no dose-limiting toxicities at dose level 1 (DL1; n = 3, 400 mg/d) or DL2 (n = 6, 600 mg/d); DL2 was the recommended phase 2 dose and explored further (n = 10). The most common nonhematologic adverse events were grade ≥3 infections. There were no deaths within 60 days. There was no tumor lysis syndrome, hepatotoxicity, prolonged cytopenias, or early discontinuation for toxicity. Among patients with newly diagnosed ALL, 10 of 11 (90.9%) achieved a measurable residual disease–negative (<0.01% sensitivity) complete remission (CR) including 6 patients with hypodiploid TP53-mutated ALL. All patients in CR bridged to hematopoietic stem cell transplant (n = 9) or completed protocol (n = 1). With a median follow-up of 60 months, median disease-free survival (DFS) for patients with newly diagnosed ALL was 54.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 35.5 to not available), with a 2-year DFS rate of 90% (95% CI, 71-100). Among patients with R/R ALL, 3 of 8 (37.5%) achieved CR. In summary, for patients with newly diagnosed ALL, venetoclax plus mini-HCVD is well tolerated with promising efficacy. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03319901.
Predicting neurodevelopmental disorders using machine learning models and electronic health records – status of the field
Authors: Rajagopalan Shyam Sundar , Tammimies Kristiina
Published: November 2024

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used to identify patterns that could predict neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One key source of multilevel data for ML prediction models includes population-based registers and electronic health records. These can contain rich information on individual and familial medical histories and socio-demographics. This review summarizes studies published between 2010–2022 that used ML algorithms to develop predictive models for NDDs using population-based registers and electronic health records. A literature search identified 1191 articles, of which 32 were retained. Of these, 47% developed ASD prediction models and 25% ADHD models. Classical ML methods were used in 82% of studies and in particular tree-based prediction models performed well. The sensitivity of the models was lower than 75% for most studies, while the area under the curve (AUC) was greater than 75%. The most important predictors were patient and familial medical history and sociodemographic factors. Using private in-house datasets makes comparing and validating model generalizability across studies difficult. The ML model development and reporting guidelines were adopted only in a few recently reported studies. More work is needed to harness the power of data for detecting NDDs early.