bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin when combined with st. John’s wort preparations in healthy volunteers and in patients with lower respiratory tract infection
Authors: Krasnyk Liudmila M. , Goroshko Olga A. , Tsyganko Dmitry V. , Berdnicova Nadezhda G. , Krasnyanskaya Viktoria G. , Menshov Valeriy A.
Published: October 2020

In patients with pneumonia and concomitant diseases, the administration of antimicrobial agents together with other medications accompanied by the risk of side effects and drug-drug interactions. We studied the pharmacokinetics (PK) of levofloxacin when combined with a herbal preparation (common St. Johns wort extract) in healthy volunteers and in patients with community-acquired pneumonia on the days 1 and 5 of the drugs intake. Individual differences in the average concentrations (AUC analog) of the antibiotic before and after the course of administration of the St. Johns wort extract within each group were quite significant; however, the group-average differences were statistically insignificant. Intergroup differences in PK with St. Johns wort intake were also statistically insignificant. To search for factors that make a significant contribution to the variations observed in PK indices, we used a statistical multivariate analysis of variance which included factors such as gender, age, body mass index, smoking history, and cardiovascular system parameters. We found that smoking only and, to a lesser extent, the patients gender had an effect on levofloxacin PK, while the intake of St. Johns wort completely eliminated this effect. Other factors played an insignificant role in the antibiotic PK regardless of the St. Johns wort administration.
The effectiveness of the combined use of fractional microneedle rf-therapy and pharmacophoresis of hyaluronic acid in the treatment of patients with atrophic scars
Authors: Talybova A. M. , Stenko A. G. , Kruglova L. S.
Published: October 2020

Background. The formation of scar tissue is a fairly physiological process, in most cases aimed at closing the skin defect in order to preserve the bodys homeostasis. Correction methods for atrophic scars include laser technology, radiofrequency therapy, injection methods and topical therapy.
Arm: the formation of scar tissue is a fairly physiological process, in most cases aimed at closing the skin defect in order to preserve the bodys homeostasis. Correction methods for atrophic scars include laser technology, radiofrequency therapy, injection methods and topical therapy.
Methods. There were 56 patients with atrophic scar. Depending on the therapeutic complex for the correction of аtrophic scar, 3 groups were formed: group 1 ― the combined use of RF-therapy for the pharmacophoresis of hyaluronic acid, group 2 ― radio frequency microneedle therapy, group 3 ― the pharmacophoresis of hyaluronic acid. In the work, the Dermatological Symptom Scale Index (DSSI), which was assessed before and after treatment, was adapted to evaluate clinical symptoms.
Results. In accordance with the total value of the DSSI, a more significant dynamics was observed in group 1, regardless of the type of AR (subgroups 1A and 1B). DSSI in the 1A subgroup decreased by 80.8% (p0.01), in the 1B group by 82.4% (p0.01). DSSI in the 2A subgroup decreased by 32.3% (p0.01), in the 2B group by 61.4% (p0.01). DSSI in the 3A subgroup decreased by 62.3% (p0.01), in the 3B group by 33.7% (p0.01). In group 1, where the combined treatment was carried out, a more pronounced efficacy was noted than when applying the components of the technique, which did not depend on the type of cicatricial deformity. In group 2, after the application of RF-therapy, the effectiveness was expressed to a much lesser extent, and the most significant results were obtained in patients with post-traumatic atrophic scars. In group 3, after a course of pharmacophoresis of a hyaluronic acid preparation, positive dynamics was observed to a greater extent with hormone-dependent scars.
Conclusions. The results of the study showed that the most effective method is the combined use of RF-therapy and the pharmacology of hyaluronic acid, at the same time with post-inflammatory (post-traumatic) atrophic scars, monotherapy with the use of radiofrequency microneedles is possible, with hormone-dependent atrophic scars, monotherapy of pharmacophoresis of hyaluronic acid is possible.
The medical sociological evaluation of population health in ecological bio-climatic conditions of the Primorskii Kraii
Authors: Yarigina M. V , Kiku P. F , Reshetnikov A. V
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of medical sociological evaluation of population health in ecological bio-climatic conditions of the Primorskii Kraii. The purpose of study is to establish patterns of formation of population health exemplified by three systems of organism (respiratory organs, urogenital system, skin). The questionnaire technique was applied to study impact of factors of life-style, diet behavior, skin and urogenital system according official statistics data F12 in 2007-2011. The technique of such multi-dimensional analysis as P.V. Terentiev correlation pleiades was applied. The medical sociological study established input of social factors in formation of population health in the ecological bio-climatic conditions of the Primorskii Kraii. The results of study permit determining main directions of medical activities and to develop address programs of prevention.
Emergency road trips: an analysis of spatial dfrriers to inpatient state psychiatric care for select U.S. States
Authors: John C. , Reid Jr.
Published: October 2020

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Stenosis of the vertebral canal of the lumbar spine
Authors: Yarikov Anton V. , Smirnov Igor I. , Perlmutter Olga A. , Fraerman Alexander P. , Kalinkin Alexander A. , Sosnin Andrey G. , Khomchenkov Maksim V.
Published: October 2020

The overall incidence of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis is about 1015% among persons aged 5070 years. Due to the aging of the population, the incidence of this pathology is constantly growing. The desire of older patients to preserve their quality of life and their functional abilities, along with the improvement of surgical techniques, leads to an increase in the number of surgical interventions for lumbar stenosis. This publication describes the classification of spinal canal stenosis. The clinical picture of this disease has been studied in detail. A special attention is paid to such diagnostic methods as computed tomography (CT), radiography, CT-myelography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Various methods of surgical treatment decompression and decompression-stabilization are described in detail.. The efficiency of various types of decompression operations are 7280%, the results of surgery not differing statistically between the types of decompression (hemilaminectomy, interlaminectomy). Decompression-stabilization operations are used for progressive degenerative spinal deformity, destabilization after the surgical treatment, and disruption of the vertebral-pelvic relations. Currently, the following types of stabilization are used in the lumbar stenosis surgery: ALIF, PLIF, PLF, TLIF, XLIF, OLIF, and transpedicular fixation. The rate of complications in the stabilizing interventions is 27.6%; after decompression operations 9.7%. The frequency of revision operations is also higher after stabilization 10.3%, while after decompression it is 6.5%, which makes us cautious about these types of interventions. Systems of interosseous fixation are also used in the treatment of lumbar stenosis. In the 14 years of followup after interosseous fixation and decompression in 142 patients, 30 (21.1%) patients underwent revision interventions, with chronic pain (38.5%) and disc herniation (42.3%) being the main indication for repeated surgery in 26 of them.
G.I. Lebedev. - About the treatment of gonorrheal suffering of the uterine appendages and pelvic peritoneum by intrauterine injections of an alcoholic solution of aluminol in a mixture with iodine tincture. (Tomsk, 1895)
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: October 2020

In contrast to Snger, the author declares that it is necessary to treat gonorrhea in women vigorously in the acute period of illness, not being limited to one absolute rest of the patient in bed. This treatment should be directed to the inner surface of the uterus, which plays an important role in the perception and spread of the breakthrough infection. From the mass of means suitable for such a treatment, the author chose aluminol, in view of its properties, without destroying tissues, deeply penetrate into their thickness.
M.K. Gairabetov. - A case of complete absence of the uterus. - (Medical Review, 1895, No. 13)
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: October 2020

Married and childless. She never had a month, but every month her usual peeling of the cuticle of her entire body intensified, and her head hurt for 3-4 days. Sexual intercourse has always been indifferent.
Prof. Henricius. - Two cases of enterocele vaginalis posterior. - (Centr. F. Gynaec., No. 17, 1895)
Authors: Stroganov A.
Published: October 2020

G. describes two cases of the specified disease, diagnosed earlier than the operative aid. In the first case, there was an interesting complication in the form of two coloid cysts, of which one was torn and most of its contents were in the abdominal cavity.
Albert Sippel. - About the use inside the uterine sticks
Authors: Stroganov V.
Published: October 2020

The author, on the basis of numerous and long-term observations, speaks in favor of the treatment of such bends of the uterus forward with intrauterine pessaries, where there is only relaxation of the uterine tissue (without any inflammatory phenomena both in the uterus and in its usually wide enough cervix), and where the cervix is usually quite wide.
Folie à deux case
Authors: Genik E. A.
Published: October 2020

The casuistry of induced delusion in foreign literature is currently quite extensive. But Russian literature is comparatively lacking in data of this kind. In view of this, I dare to publish the case I have observed moreover, that it also represents one important feature that sets it apart from a number of cases described so far in our and in the foreign press.
Inequalities concerning the rate of growth of polynomials involving the polar derivative
Authors: Mir Abdullah , Malik Adil Hussain
Published: October 2020

This paper contains some results for algebraic polynomials in the complex plane involving the polar derivative that are inspired by some classical results of Bernstein. Obtained results yield the polar derivative analogues of some inequalities giving estimates for the growth of derivative of lacunary polynomials.
Prospective study of clinical, radiological and functional outcome of anterior bridge plating for shaft of humerus fracture
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Bade Rahul
Published: October 2020

Background: Shaft of humerus (SOH) fracture has been conventionally treated with either open reduction internal fixation with plate osteosynthesis or immobilization as conservative treatment. Intramedullary interlocking nailing (IMIL) and anterior bridge plating (ABP) are both newer modalities of internal fixation for SOH fracture. Rotator cuff irritation is a known complication of IMIL nailing of the humerus. Here, we present clinical, radiological, and functional outcome of SOH fracture fixation by ABP using a minimally invasive method.

Methods: Thirty patients with SOH fracture were treated surgically via an anterior minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) approach with ABP. There were 21 male and 9 female patients, and the average age was 38.6±10.45 years. The mechanism of injury was road traffic accidents (60%) and ground level fall (40%). Functional assessments were obtained with University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score and mayo elbow performance index (MEPI) during the follow-up period.

Results: At the end of 6 months follow-up, 29 (96.7%) patients had excellent to good UCLA and MEPI scores. Varus/valgus angulation was reported in 4 (13.3%) patients. Two patients (6.7%) had radial nerve neuropraxia and delayed union, while 1 (3.3%) patient had screw back-out or loosening. The mean duration of radiation exposure was 178±41.2 seconds. ABP for SOH fractures is a safe and effective treatment modality.

Conclusions: This treatment protocol produces high rates of union, excellent functional recovery, and minimal biological disruption.
Management of tibial plateau fractures with compromised soft tissue using hybrid external fixator
Authors: Sharma Mahesh K. , Jain Mukul , Jain Harish K. , Khichar Sukhveer , Jadoo Rahul
Published: October 2020

Tibial plateau fractures with high energy trauma are complex injury due to its precarious soft tissue envelope. High energy trauma has high incidence of open fractures, articular depression, fracture comminution and displacement, soft tissue injury, and neurovascular compression. It is often difficult to achieve and maintain reduction and commonly predisposes to secondary arthritis. Hybrid external fixator minimizes the iatrogenic soft tissue damage, provides adequate fixation of the fracture, permits early range of motion, easy wound care and leave no large implant in subcutaneous position. This study was performed to evaluate the functional and radiological outcome with this procedure. In this case series, prospective study of 15 cases of tibial plateau fractures were treated with hybrid external fixator at tertiary care teaching hospital in southern Rajasthan from July 2018 to June 2019. The functional and radiological outcome was assessed by Rasmussen functional and radiological score. The mean interval between surgery and union was 16 weeks (range 13 to 18 weeks). Rasmussen functional results were acceptable in 13 cases (86.66%) comprising excellent in 9 (60%), good in 4 (26.66%), and fair in 2 (13.33%). Rasmussen radiological results were acceptable in 13 cases (86.66%) comprising excellent in 9 (60%), good in 4 (26.66%), and fair in 2 (13.33%). Minimal internal and hybrid external fixation for management of tibial plateau fracture with compromised soft tissue is more biological, require less surgical time, less hospital stay, very effective in compromised soft tissue, highly cost effective and has minimal complications with good functional outcome.
A study on efficacy of high fluence Q-switched neodymium doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser in macular amyloidosis
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Kaur Tanreet
Published: October 2020

Background: Macular amyloidosis (MA) typically presents as small, dusky-brown or greyish pigmented macules, treatment of which remains challenging with topical and systemic therapies, however Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has proven to be an effective treatment modality to reduce hyperpigmentation. The aim of the study is to study the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser in the management of MA.

Methods: 30 female patients were treated with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm with a spot size of 3 mm at a fluence of 6-7 J/cm2, frequency of 2 Hz, for 350-500 pulses. Total number of pulses decreased with each treatment session as the intensity of the hyperpigmentation decreased. The procedure was repeated at one-month intervals for a total of 6 treatment sessions.

Results: After completion of treatment sessions with Nd-YAG laser 36.66% patients showed >50% improvement in the pigmentation. 66.6% patients were satisfied with the laser treatment. 33.3% patients showed <25% improvement and unsatisfied with the treatment.

Conclusion: MA remains an enigma and a source of concern for the suffering patients and physicians. Q-switched Nd-YAG laser 1064 nm has shown positive response in the reduction of pigmentation in MA.
Analysis of Strengthening the Application of External Wall Insulation Materials in Green Building Energy Saving Project
Authors: Luo Wenxin
Published: October 2020

For the development and progress direction of contemporary construction industry, greening has always been one of the most important topics, which is basically consistent with China’s guidelines on environmental protection and resource conservation, with emphasis on whether it can effectively improve the ecological environment quality in urban areas, control various hazards caused by pollution, and build a healthy urban environment for people. Nowadays, the building materials market has also developed in an all-round way, and the types of materials for exterior wall insulation are also increasing. Relatively, the practical application difficulty of various technologies in the construction industry also shows an increasing trend. In order to better highlight the important role of insulation materials for green buildings, this paper will explore the application of exterior wall insulation materials with strong energy saving in green buildings.
Application of New Concrete Materials in Civil Engineering
Authors: Tong Keli
Published: October 2020

In recent years, the cement industry has made continuous development, while there are more and more varieties of concrete materials, and new concrete materials play an increasingly important role in the field of civil engineering. Compared with traditional concrete, it has higher durability and strength, which can be consistent with the service life, function and physical performance of civil engineering. On this basis, the application of new concrete materials in the field of civil engineering is analyzed in order to provide the corresponding reference for people in the same industry.
Study of thin layered reservoirs with toroidal sources and receivers (on the example of the Priobskoe oil field)
Authors: Mikhaylov I. V. , Velesov D. V. , Glinskikh V. N.
Published: October 2020

On the example of the Priobskoye oil field of the West Siberian oil and gas province, we show the relevance of studying thin-layered oil-saturated reservoirs, as well as consider the corresponding world experience. The operating principle of a probe system with toroidal sources and receivers is described, after which we perform 2D finite-difference simulation and analysis of its signals in typical geoelectric reservoir models. The dependence of the signals on the resistivity anisotropy coefficient is demonstrated. In realistic geoelectric sections of the Priobskoye field, obtained by numerical inversion of BKZ field data, 2D finite-difference simulation for the system with toroids is conducted. It implies the fundamental possibility of investigating thin-layered electrically anisotropic deposits of the Priobskoye field by means of the system with toroidal sources and receivers.
The Analysis of Ecologically Safe Operation of Oil Pipelines by Methods of the Stochastic Theory of Similarity
Authors: Zinets T.V. , Gonopolsky A.M.
Published: October 2020

In article it is shown that in the analysis of conditions of environmental safety of the main oil pipelines (MOP) with use of methods of the stochastic theory of similarity, it is necessary to consider not only the MNP design-technology parameters, but also various chemical mass-exchanged processes, for example, corrosion (oxygen, sulphurous and chloric corrosion), influencing changes of structural elements in time and space. For these reasons, dependences between parametrical criteria of similarity and their communications with stochastic criteria of similarity are the basis for the developed model. Comparative analysis was carried out by results of a research more than 70 emergency situations, at transportation of oil through the main pipelines of 18 companies. In parameters of accidents criteria ratios between the factors affecting environmental safety of MNP are received. It is established that average specific intensity of accidents on routes of the sites of the oil pipeline equipped adjustable and unregulated nature protection to constructions and the equipment and also without them, correspond as 1:4.9:83.5. It is shown that a ratio of costs of compensation of ecological damage in case of accidents on routes of the same sites of the oil pipeline equipped adjustable and unregulated nature protection to constructions and the equipment and also without them approximately correspond as 1:1.9:7.5.
Dinámicas de colaboración internacional en relaciones internacionales en el Mercosur: agendas de investigación y estrategias de movilización del conocimiento
Authors: Perrotta Daniela , Alonso Mauro
Published: October 2020

Los enfoques que analizan las dinámicas de colaboración de investigación científica de corte binario: “Norte-Sur” y “Centro-Periferia” tienden a no reconocer la arbitrariedad del sistema científico internacional y matizan en sus análisis el impacto de cómo los grupos de investigación e investigadores del Sur global tienden a colaborar. Nuestro trabajo se propone responder y discutir: ¿Con quién colaboran los investigadores en relaciones internacionales (RI) del Mercosur? ¿Cuáles son los objetivos de esas asociaciones? ¿Se imponen agendas desde el Norte? ¿Cuáles son las principales motivaciones e intereses de los agentes para la colaboración científica? Para esto, recuperamos aportes del campo de los estudios sociales de la ciencia y proponemos un análisis exploratorio de estudio de caso múltiple de grupos de investigación del Mercosur centrado en el punto de vista del investigador con el fin de revisitar la perspectiva de los agentes. El trabajo tendrá dos dimensiones: un análisis basado en información bibliométrica de las producciones de investigadores locales en Scopus y WOS y otra que indaga sobre el proceso de producción de sentido de estos grupos respecto de los interrogantes planteados mediante entrevistas y grupos focales a grupos de investigación del campo de las relaciones internacionales del Mercosur.
Migración internacional del pobre: construcción de violencias bidireccionales
Authors: Niño César , Méndez Paola
Published: October 2020

En la agenda de las relaciones internacionales contemporáneas, el estudio de las migraciones ha estado vinculado mayoritariamente a la dinámica de los flujos entre individuos y espacios geográficos del Sur global al Norte global, así como a estudiar los cambios sociales y demográficos transformativos de entornos migracionales. Sin embargo, la presente investigación pretende explorar una relación poco abordada en la disciplina: la migración internacional del pobre y las “violencias” bidireccionales. Dicho esto, se sustenta que la migración internacional del pobre es un fenómeno potencialmente catalizador de violencia bidireccional, en la medida en que quien migra en condiciones de vulnerabilidad posee opciones racionales para el uso de la violencia, como también las tiene el actor receptor del fenómeno para emplearla, que es quien asume los costos sociales y fiscales. Para efectos del presente artículo, se analiza el caso migracional de africanos pobres a Europa en la última década.
Relaciones internacionales y desempeño internacional subnacional: una oportunidad para revisar el concepto de actorness
Authors: Pont Mariana Luna , Oddone Nahuel
Published: October 2020

El desempeño internacional subnacional es crecientemente objeto de estudio de las relaciones internacionales. Diferentes categorías, caracterizaciones y perspectivas analíticas han sido desarrolladas para comprender la acción internacional de naturaleza multidimensional de los gobiernos locales y regionales, comúnmente conocida como paradiplomacia. Se destaca la perspectiva de actor internacional, centrada en los criterios de definición y el análisis de las características y atributos para actuar internacionalmente. Esta aproximación poco dice acerca de su capacidad de desempeño, relevancia e impacto en la política mundial, vale decir, de su actorness. El objeto de este artículo es abordar el concepto de actorness en la paradiplomacia, particularmente teniendo en cuenta que es una categoría utilizada fundamentalmente para abordar el desempeño de organizaciones internacionales y la experiencia de la Unión Europea. Para ello se analizará el concepto y enfoques de actorness en los estudios internacionales, para luego concentrar la atención en lo que es propio y distintivo del actorness de los gobiernos locales y regionales y las alternativas y desafíos para quienes toman de decisiones.
Vpogled v socialno geografijo
Authors: Drozg Vladimir
Published: October 2020

Socialna geografija spoznava, kako ljudje različnih socialnih lastnosti delujejo v prostoru in kako se njihovo delovanje v prostoru in materialnih stvareh, katere uporabljajo, odraža. V socialno vse bolj raznoliki družbi postaja tudi prostor vse bolj raznolik in členjen. Predpostavljamo, da so vzrok temu razlilčne oblike delovanja ljudi, kar je povezano z njihovimi socialnimi lastnostmi, pa tudi z lastnostmi prostora, kjer delujejo. Povedano drugače, če je delovanje ljudi različno, so različni tudi socialni prostori, ki ob tem nastajajo. Delovanje in zadovoljevanje osnovnih človekovih potreb je osnovni dejavnik prostorske raznolikosti. Socialna geografija se zato ukvarja s človekom in s prostorom hkrati. Enkrat je izhodišče prostor, katerega raznolikost skušamo pojasniti z različnimi načini delovanja ljudi, drugič so v izhodišču različne socialne lastnosti ljudi, razmere v prostoru pa so posledica različnih oblik njihovega delovanja. Akterji, ki prostor ustvarjajo, so ljudje – posamezniki in socialne skupine. Pomembne so njihove socialne lastnosti, še posebej biološke, kot sta spol in starost, kulturne, denimo veroizpoved, ter ekonomske, med katere sodi materialni položaj. Ljudje različnih socialnih lastnosti različno delujejo v prostoru, medtem ko zadovoljujejo svoje potrebe. Med te uvrščamo bivanje, delo, izobraževanje, oskrbovanje, rekreacijo, komunikacijo ter sodelovanje v prometu.
Improving Link Reliability of IEEE 802.15.4g SUN with Re-Transmission Shaping
Authors: Solimini Domenico , Tuset-Peiró Pere , Boquet Guillem , Vilajosana Xavier , Vázquez-Gallego Francisco
Published: October 2020

Packet re-transmissions are a common technique to improve link reliability in low-power wireless networks. However, since packet re-transmissions increase the end-device energy consumption and the network load, a maximum number of re-transmissions per packet is typically set, also considering the duty-cycle limitations imposed by radio-frequency regulations. Moreover, the number of re-transmissions per packet is typically set to a constant value, meaning that all packet re-transmissions are treated the same regardless of actual channel conditions (i.e., multi-path propagation or internal/external interference effects). Taking that into account, in this paper we propose and evaluate the concept of re-transmission shaping, a mechanism that manages packet re-transmissions to maximize link reliability, while minimizing energy consumption and meeting radio-frequency regulation constraints. The proposed re-transmission shaping mechanism operates by keeping track of unused packet re-transmissions and allocating additional retransmission when the instantaneous link quality decreases due to channel impairments. To evaluate the re-transmission shaping mechanism we use trace-based simulations using a IEEE 802.15.4g SUN data-set and two widely used metrics, the PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio) and the RNP (Required Number of Packets). The obtained results show that re-transmission shaping is a useful mechanism to improve link reliability of low-power wireless communications, as it can increase PDR from 77.9% to 99.2% while sustaining a RNP of 2.35 re-transmissions per packet, when compared to using a single re-transmission per packet.
Impact of Battery Energy Storage System and its Converter Characteristics on Voltage Sags
Authors: Mbuli Nhlanhla , Lichaba Sebu , Xezile Ronald , Pretorius Jan-Harm
Published: October 2020

Voltage sags can cause the interruption of power supply and can negatively affect operations of customers. In this paper, the authors study the impact of battery energy storage systems (BESS) on voltage sags. A stochastic method of fault positions is used. Faults of various types are simulated and voltages are recorded. Firstly, with the BESS integrated into the network, there are higher residual voltages, fewer voltage sags and less expected critical voltage loss. Secondly, if the BESS converter power factor is reduced, recorded residual voltages are higher, voltage sags are fewer, and the number of expected critical voltage sags is lower. Finally, when three BESS converter control modes, namely constant voltage, constant power factor, and constant reactive power, were assessed, results showed similar voltage sag performances for constant power factor and constant reactive power modes. Furthermore, operating in constant voltage control outperformed the other two modes as it resulted in higher residual voltages, a lower number of voltage sags, and fewer expected critical voltage sags. The paper has demonstrated that the BESS can improve voltage sag performance. In addition, the power factor of the BESS converter and the mode of operation of the converter can influence the magnitude of the voltage sag performance improvement.
Morphotectonic Analysis of the Upper Guajira, Colombia. A GIS and Remote Sensing Approach
Authors: Solano Acosta Juan David , Despaigne Diaz Ana Ibis , Pearse Jillian
Published: October 2020

This study uses Landsat 8 and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) to show the dominant orientations of digital lineaments and morphotectonic features between measured trends and the tectonic evolution of the Upper Guajira, Colombia, in the northernmost region of the South American plate. Data from Landsat-8 and hillshaded images of three Digital Elevation Model (DEM) images with different resolutions (SRTM: 90m, ASTER-GDEM: 30m and Alos-Palsar: 12.5m), were used for the extraction and mapping of morpholineaments, drainage network and morphological features. Lineaments were analyzed by means of north azimuth frequency, length, density distributions, lithological distributions and geochronological periods. Tectonic control was supported by using the digitized geological map created by the Colombian Geological Service (SGC). Lineaments and faults were analyzed through the interpretation of a Riedel shear model as a result of the transtensional/transpressional tectonic arrangement of the Caribbean and South American plates. The directional trends of lineaments and faults indicate two dominant directions: NE-SW and E-W. The azimuth distribution analysis of measured structures and drainage channels show similar trends, except for some differences in the predominant directions of some drainage channels. The similarity in the orientation of lineaments, faults and drainage system highlights the degree of control exerted by underlying structures on the surface geomorphological features. Drainage channel classification illustrates the morphological and neo-tectonic complexity of the region. The extracted lineaments were divided into five geochronological groups based on the main ages of host rock formations according to the Colombian Geological Service (SGC) geological map. From the Cretaceous onward, the lineament azimuth frequency rotates from a NE-SW trend to a prominent E-W direction, which resembles the translation that Caribbean plate has been undergoing since the Cretaceous. Our results confirm that Remote Sensing techniques are reliable and useful to study the morphotectonic of an area and can be applied to zones of difficult access.
How does a CBT-based transdiagnostic program for separation anxiety symptoms work in children? Effects of Super Skills for Life
Authors: Orgilés Mireia , Garrigós Elena , Espada José Pedro , Morales Alexandra
Published: October 2020

Super Skills for Life (SSL) is a transdiagnostic program of Anglo-Saxon origin based on cognitive behavioural therapy, aimed at treating emotional problems in children. It has been translated and implemented in the Spanish population, achieving significant reductions in anxious and depressive symptoms. The objective of the current study was to examine the short- and long-term efficacy of SSL in schoolchildren with separation anxiety. The program was attended by 86 Spanish-speaking children aged 8-12 years, who were evaluated before receiving the intervention, immediately after and 12 months later. Results indicated statistically significant improvements both in the main problem, separation anxiety and other comorbid symptoms or problems (depression, behaviour problems, problems with peers, interference of anxiety in daily life, etc.). Overall, the results show that the program was more effective in the long-term than in the short-term. The findings of the study suggest that SSL can be useful for treating emotional problems in children with separation anxiety. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Validación del Cuestionario Breve de Funciones Ejecutivas Webexec: Pruebas de rendimiento y síntomas psicológicos
Authors: Morea Aida , Calvete Esther
Published: October 2020

El objetivo principal fue validar el cuestionario breve de funciones ejecutivas (FE) Webexec en adolescentes españoles. Se hipotetizó que mostraría una estructura unifactorial. El segundo objetivo fue conocer el funcionamiento de Webexec en diferentes edades de la adolescencia, esperando que mostraría variaciones en función de la edad. El tercer objetivo fue investigar si Webexec correlacionaba con pruebas de rendimiento de FE: flexibilidad cognitiva, atención y control inhibitorio. Se sostuvo como hipótesis que ambos tipos de pruebas correlacionarían negativamente. El cuarto objetivo fue estudiar si Webexec correlacionaba con síntomas internalizantes y externalizantes; siendo la cuarta hipótesis que correlacionaría positivamente con estos síntomas. La muestra estaba formada por 626 adolescentes (12-17 años) de colegios de Bizkaia (España). Se evaluaron las FE en formato autoinforme (Webexec) y rendimiento (Cambios y d2), la conducta agresiva y los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad social. Además, una submuestra (n = 486) contestó nuevamente el Webexec 5-6 meses después. Los resultados mostraron que Webexec presentaba buenas propiedades psicométricas y que su estructura era invariante según la edad. Webexec correlacionó negativamente con Cambios y d2 y positivamente con síntomas internalizantes y externalizantes. Estos resultados sostienen que Webexec es un cuestionario adecuado para evaluar la percepción de FE globales. También cuenta con las fortalezas de ser breve, sencillo y fácilmente aplicable y corregible.
Women's experience of psychological birth trauma in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Zhang Ke , Dai Ling , Wu Meiliyang , Zeng Tieying , Yuan Mengmei , Chen Ye
Published: October 2020

Background: The psychological birth trauma is a universal phenomenon in childbearing women. The influences could extend in a wide range, which includes the mothers' health, mother-infant relationship, partner relationship. The medical staff could even choose to quit playing their part in the birthing process. The phenomenon has gradually garnered attention around the world. However, it has rarely been discussed under Chinese special conditions. The study was to explore Chinese women's lived experiences of psychological birth trauma during labor and birth.Methods: A descriptive phenomenological approach was adopted in this study. Twenty-four women were recruited, who reported having experienced psychological birth trauma. In-depth interviews were conducted within one week after birth. Colaizzi's method was used to analyze the data.Results: Twenty-four women participated in the study. Four themes emerged to describe the women's experience of psychological birth trauma: "How am I supposed to relieve the endless pain?" " Can't I be weak?" "Am I not important?" " What uncertainties are waiting for me?"Conclusions: The findings provide deep insight into Chinese women's unique experience of psychological birth trauma. The social and health system could prevent psychological harm during birth and promote maternal health by measures of pain management, thoughtful attention, adequate caring, and prenatal preparation.
Characteristics of HIV-1 molecular transmission networks and drug resistance among men who have sex with men in Tianjin, China (2014-2018)
Authors: Zheng Minna , Yu Maohe , Chen Shaohui , Zhou Ning , Ning Tielin , Li Long , Zhao Fangning , Zhao Xuan , Zhu Jingjin , Jiang Guohong
Published: October 2020

Background In Tianjin, China, there is a relatively high prevalence of HIV in men who have sex with men (MSM). The number of HIV cases in Tianjin is also increasing. We investigated the HIV molecular transmission network, genetic tropisms, and drug resistance mutations in Tianjin. Methods Blood samples were collected from 510 newly diagnosed antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve HIV-1-infected subjects among MSM in Tianjin. Partial pol and env genes were sequenced and used for phylogenetic, genetic tropism, and genotypic drug resistance analyses. Molecular clusters were identified with 1.5% genetic distance and 90% bootstrap support.Results Among the 436 HIV-1 pol sequences obtained from the study participants, various genotypes were identified, including CRF01_AE (56.9%), CRF07_BC (27.8%), B (7.3%), CRF55_01B (4.1%), unique recombinant forms (URFs) (3.7%), and CRF59_01B (0.2%). A higher prevalence of X4 viruses was observed in individuals infected with CRF55_01B (56.3%) and CRF01_AE (46.2%) than with other subtypes. Of all 110 sequences in the 36 clusters, 62 (56.4%) were observed in 23 CRF01_AE clusters and 18 (16.4%) in four CRF07_BC clusters. Eight sequences clustered with at least one other shared the same drug resistance mutation (DRM). In different cluster sizes, the distributions of individuals by age, presence of sexually transmitted disease, and presence of DRMs, were significantly different. Conclusion We revealed the characteristics of HIV molecular transmission, tropism, and DRMs of ART-naïve HIV-infected individuals among the MSM population in Tianjin. Identifying infected persons at risk of transmission is necessary for proposing counseling and treating these patients to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
A genome-wide screening for RNAi pathway proteins in Acari
Authors: Nganso Beatrice T , Sela Noa , Soroker Victoria
Published: October 2020

Background: RNA interference (RNAi) is a highly conserved, sequence-specific gene silencing mechanism present in Eukaryotes. Three RNAi pathways are known, namely micro-RNA (miRNA), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA). However, little knowledge exists about the proteins involved in these pathways in Acari. Moreover, variable successes has been obtained in gene knockdown via siRNA pathway in their functional genomics and management. We hypothesized that the clue may be in the variability of the composition and the efficacy of siRNA machinery among Acari.Results: Both comparative genomic analyses and domain annotation suggest that all the analyzed species have homologs of putative core proteins that mediate cleaving of targeted genes via the three RNAi pathways. We identified putative homologs of Caenorhabditis elegans RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) protein in all species though no secondary Argonaute homologs that operate with this protein in siRNA amplification mechanism were found, suggesting that the siRNA amplification mechanism present in Acari may be distinct from that described in C. elegans. Moreover, the genomes of these species do not encode homologs of C. elegans systemic RNAi defective-1 (Sid-1) protein that mediate silencing of the mRNA target throughout the treated organisms suggesting that the phenomena of systemic RNAi that has been reported in some Acari species probably occur through a different mechanism. However, homologs of putative RNAi spreading defective-3 (Rsd-3) protein and scavenger receptors namely Eater and SR-CI that mediate endocytosis cellular update of dsRNA in C. elegans and Drosophila melanogaster were found in Acari genomes. This result suggests that cellular dsRNA uptake in Acari is endocytosis-dependent. Detailed phylogenetic analyses of core RNAi pathway proteins in the studied species revealed that their evolution is compatible with the proposed monophyletic evolution of this group.Conclusions: Our analyses have revealed the potential activity of all three pathways in Acari. Still, much experimental work remains to be done to confirm the mechanisms behind these pathways in particular those that govern systemic/parental RNAi and siRNA amplification in Acari. Disclosure of these mechanisms will facilitate the development of new and specific management tools for the harmful species and enrichment of the beneficial species.
Upfront brain radiotherapy improves intracranial progression-free survival but not overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases: a retrospective, single-institutional analysis from China
Authors: Jiang Aijun , Ni Meng , Li Li , Zhao Fen , Yao Yuanhu , Ding Xin , Yu Qingxi , Zhang Longzhen , Yuan Shuanghu
Published: October 2020

Aims: The optimal timing of brain radiotherapy (BRT) for lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases (BM) remains controversial. In this retrospective study, we performed a retrospective review to investigate the differential benefit of upfront versus deferred BRT for lung adenocarcinoma patients with BM.Methods: A total of 354 lung adenocarcinoma patients with BM treated in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shandong University met the inclusion criteria for the study. Patients were divided into two groups: upfront BRT and deferred BRT. Intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) and overall survival (OS) were measured from the date of brain metastases. Subgroup analyses according to gene mutation status were also performed.Results: Among the entire cohort, the median iPFS with upfront BRT (16.3 months) was longer than that with deferred BRT (11.3 months, p=0.001). However, the median OS did not differ significantly between patients who received upfront BRT and deferred BRT (27.6 and 31.5 months, respectively, p=0.813). Subgroup analyses indicated that upfront BRT yielded a significantly longer iPFS than deferred BRT (p=0.003) only for patients without EGFR gene mutation. In all subgroups, the median OS showed no significant difference between upfront BRT and deferred BRT.Conclusion: This single-institutional retrospective study showed that in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and BM, upfront BRT was associated with a significantly longer iPFS but no improvement in OS compared with deferred BRT. Considering the neurocognitive toxicities of BRT previously reported in the literature, deferred BRT might be considered as an acceptable therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and BM.
Pediatric Tuina for the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms in Preschool Children: Study Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Shu Cheng , Yu Juan , Suen Lorna Kwai-Ping , Sun Yan , Pang Ya Zheng , Wang Dong Dong , Zhao Wen Xia , Yeung Jerry Wing Fai
Published: October 2020

Background: Medication and behavior therapy are the conventional treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but they have limitations for preschool children. Evidence suggests that pediatric tuina, which is a modality of traditional Chinese medicine, might have beneficial effects on this condition.Objective: To assess the feasibility of conducting an RCT in terms of recruitment, use and acceptability of the parent-administered pediatric tuina for ADHD symptoms in preschoolers.Methods: It is a single-center, two-arm, parallel, open-label, pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT). Sixty children with pre-specified ADHD symptoms (hyperactivity, anxiety, and sleep disturbance) together with one of their parents will be recruited and randomized into two groups at a 1: 1 ratio. Parents in the parent-administered tuina group (intervention group, n=30) will attend an online training program to learn pediatric tuina skills for ADHD symptoms and conduct this treatment on their children at home. Parents in the parent-child interaction group (comparison group, n=30) will attend an online training about progressive muscle relaxation exercise and do this exercise with their children at home. Additional teaching materials will be provided to the participants in both groups. Both interventions should be carried out every other day during a 2-month treatment period, with each time around 20 minutes. Assessment will be performed at baseline, week4, and week 8. The primary outcome measure is the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Parent Scale; the secondary outcomes include Preschool Anxiety Scale, Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and Parental Stress Scale. A process evaluation embedded within the outcome evaluation will be performed. Differences in the scale scores and test parameters between groups will be examined using a linear mixed-effects model. Qualitative data will be analyzed using thematic content analysis, facilitated by QSR NVivo.Discussion: This study will provide evidence on the acceptability and feasibility of pediatric tuina for ADHD in preschool children. The process evaluation will help to better understand the facilitators and barriers of the intervention functioning.Trial registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04237259) on 14 February 2020.Protocol version: 2, date June 23, 2020
Regional binding of tau and amyloid PET tracers in Down Syndrome autopsy brain tissue
Authors: Lemoine Laetitia , Ledreux Aurelie , Mufson Elliott J , Perez Sylvia E , Simic Goran , Doran Eric , Lott Ira , Carroll Steven , Bharani Krishna , Thomas Sarah , Gilmore Anah , Hamlett Eric D , Nordberg Agneta , Granholm Ann-Charlotte
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION: Tau pathology is a major age-related event in Down syndrome with Alzheimer’s disease (DS-AD). Although recently, several different Tau PET tracers have been developed as biomarkers for AD, these tracers showed different binding properties in Alzheimer disease and other non-AD tauopathies. They have not been yet investigated in tissue obtained postmortem for DS-AD cases. Here, we evaluated the binding characteristics of two Tau PET tracers (3H-MK6240 and 3H-THK5117) and one amyloid (3H-PiB) ligand in the medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and hippocampus (HIPP) in tissue from adults with DS-AD and DS cases with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to sporadic AD. METHODS: Tau and amyloid autoradiography were performed on paraffin-embedded sections. To confirm respective ligand targets, adjacent sections were immunoreacted for phospho-Tau (AT8) and stained for amyloid staining using Amylo-Glo. RESULTS: The two Tau tracers showed a significant correlation with each other and with AT8, suggesting that both tracers were binding to Tau deposits. 3H-MK6240 Tau binding correlated with AT8 immunostaining but to a lesser degree than the 3H-THK5117 tracer, suggesting differences in binding sites between the two Tau tracers. 3H-THK5117, 3H-MK6240 and 3H-PIB displayed dense laminar binding in the HIPP and MFG in adult DS brains. A regional difference in Tau binding between adult DS and AD was observed suggesting differential regional Tau deposition in adult DS compared to AD, with higher THK binding density in the MFG in adult with DS compared to AD. No significant correlation was found between 3H-PiB and Amylo-Glo staining in adult DS brains suggesting that the amyloid PIB tracer binds to additional sites. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new insights into the regional binding distribution of a first-generation and a second-generation Tau tracer in limbic and neocortical regions in adults with DS, as well as regional differences in Tau binding in adult with DS vs. those with AD. These findings provide new information about the binding properties of two Tau radiotracers for the detection of Tau pathology in adults with DS in vivo and provide valuable data regarding Tau vs. amyloid binding in adult DS compared to AD.