bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extubating of a patient undergoing mechanical ventilation: What is the right time? A retrospective study assisted by artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Pererira C. J. Arismendi , Sandoval-Rodríguez C. L. , Giraldo B. F. , Solano E. H.
Published: January 2025

In the presence of acute respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation emerges as a temporary alternative to maintain adequate gas exchange in the body such as that which occurs in natural respiration. This technique is widely used in intensive care units. Our objective was to carry out an analysis and interpretation of cardiorespiratory signals in patients assisted by mechanical ventilation, using non-linear analysis techniques of dynamic systems, data mining and machine learning techniques to establish indices that allow determining the appropriate moment of disconnection. in patients during the weaning process. We use three categories: Failure, success and reintubated. We introduced a new variant of Moving Window with Variance Analysis, with which good results are obtained. We have found that by using all the time series available in the database, we have obtained an accuracy of 96% when using simple symbolic dynamics to differentiate between successful weaning and reintubated cases. and 86% when comparing success and failure, which contrasts with the results observed in the state of the art.
Assessment of potential microbial risk caused by spread of waterborne infectious diseases in a river area with intensive water use
Authors:   Southern Federal University, 105/42 Bol'shaya Sadovaya St., Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation, Zhuravlev P.V. ,   Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, 119 Gazetny Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russian Federation, Deryabkina L.A. ,   Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Rostov Region, Taganrog Office, 16a Bol'shoi Av., Taganrog, 347930, Russian Federation, Nesterova O.A. ,   Southern Federal University, 105/42 Bol'shaya Sadovaya St., Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

The necessity to raise effectiveness of activities aimed at preventing spread of waterborne intestinal infections requires improvement of methods and technologies applied in sanitary-microbiological monitoring as a part of the system for sociohygienic monitoring.

The aim of this study was to assess dynamics of potential microbial risks caused by spread of waterborne acute intestinal infections in the Lower Don River area with intensive water use. Microbial communities in water of the Don River in Azov City over 2005–2020 were selected as research objects. The study relied on using results obtained by bacteriological tests of 540 river water samples as well as 1800 water samples taken at outlets from water treatment facilities and in distribution networks of the municipal water supply system. The tests involved identifying sanitary-indicative microorganisms (total levels, fecal and glucose-positive coliform bacteria), potentially pathogenic microorganisms (Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and pathogenic enterobacteriaceae (Salmonella).

Comprehensive assessment of potential microbial risk associated with waterborne infectious diseases was performed including retrospective analysis of its trends and seasonal characteristics. Accuracy of medium-term extrapolation prediction of microbial risk was comparatively analyzed using regression and neural network models. A complex indicator was calculated for water in the Lower Don River in 2005–2020 for two sanitary-hygienic factors (Sources of Centralized Household and Drinking Water Supply and Recreational Water Use). Its value based on a five-level classifier amounted to 0.612. This made it possible to determine a very high level of potential microbial risk associated with spread of waterborne infections with its typical summer-autumn seasonal rise.

Due to optimization measures, a stable favorable trend was formed per the factor ‘Centralized Household and Drinking Water Supply’. The value of the three-factor complex indicator (0.525) made it possible to establish a high level of potential microbial risk associated with spread of waterborne intestinal infections. A statistically significant (p < 0.01) direct medium correlation was established between incidence of acute intestinal infections and salmonellosis and the level of potential microbial risk. Neural network models were confirmed to provide higher accuracy for medium-term microbial risk predictions.
Determining an informative value of methods for researching manifestations of long-term effects produced by acute intoxication with neurotropic toxicants in an experiment
Authors:   Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology, 1 Bekhtereva St., Saint Petersburg, 192019, Russian Federation, Shustov E.B. , Melnikovа M.V. ,   Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology, 1 Bekhtereva St., Saint Petersburg, 192019, Russian Federation, Potapov P.K. ,   Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology, 1 Bekhtereva St., Saint Petersburg, 192019, Russian Federation, Basharin V.A. ,   Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, 6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint Petersburg, 194044, Russian Federation, Belskaya A.V. ,   Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology, 1 Bekhtereva St., Saint Petersburg, 192019, Russian Federation, Melekhova A.S. ,   Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology, 1 Bekhtereva St., Saint Petersburg, 192019, Russian Federation, Ladochkina A.V. ,   Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology, 1 Bekhtereva St., Saint Petersburg, 192019, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Information characteristics of models are rarely determined in biomedical research, which is largely due to their assessments not being mandatory, poor standardization of biomedical research, and wide variability of methods employed to model and assess a condition of animals. Nevertheless, stricter requirements to implementation of GLP standards in preclinical studies lead to an increase in importance of evaluating information indicators in toxicological and pharmacological studies.

An experimental study was accomplished on modeling long-term consequences of acute neurotoxicant poisoning. In this experiment, animals were intoxicated with model neurotoxicants. By the end of 4th week, 100 % of laboratory animals intoxicated with lead acetate and 20 % of laboratory animals intoxicated with methanol were found to have signs of long-term consequences of acute poisoning. These signs were manifested as components of psycho-organic and asthenic syndromes including impaired responses to light and an electric current stimulus, inability to perform intense physical activity in the treadmill running test, a decrease in ability to reproduce skills of passive pain avoidance.

These changes in the functional state of animals were statistically significant.

The study revealed that indicators, even those characterized by high differentiating ability (specificity) in relation to individual manifestations of long-term consequences of acute poisoning, were characterized with insufficient selectivity, accuracy and informational significance. A comprehensive assessment of the experimental model based on a criteria-based approach provides higher informational significance than the indicators taken separately. However, the discriminant model is the closest to the optimal system for detecting long-term consequences of acute poisoning with neurotropic toxicants.
Health risks posed by using organic fertilizers
Authors:   nstitute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences – affiliation of Perm Federal Research Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, 13 Goleva St., Perm, 614081, Russian Federation, Kuznetsova M.V. ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, Kochergina D.A. ,   nstitute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences – affiliation of Perm Federal Research Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, 13 Goleva St., Perm, 614081, Russian Federation, Gorovitz E.S. ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Agricultural production has been intensifying for a while and this has made for growing volumes of organic wastes; a part of them is later used as fertilizers. At present, more than 200 types of organic fertilizers are employed in agriculture; they differ in their origin, properties, and effects on the environment. Wastes from agricultural productions typically contain biocides, antibiotics included, and also, which is especially important, pathogens and opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms. Soil contamination with such wastes destroys natural biocenosis. Moreover, pathogens that remain in wastes due to absence of proper treatment can pose serious hazard for humans and animals. Safety of food products made of raw materials, growth of which relies on using organic fertilizers, is a significant component of the overall issue.

This analytical review provides a classification and descriptions of organic fertilizers and data on production volumes and accumulation of animal husbandry wastes. It also describes major biological and chemical factors of health risks associated with using organic fertilizers as well as provides the results of up-to-date studies that focus on negative effects of organic fertilizers. Special attention is paid to literature data about negative impacts exerted on human health and the environment by organic fertilizers that contain antibiotics and salts of heavy metals. It is emphasized specifically that organic fertilizers can very often contain copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel, chromium, arsenic, lead and mercury compounds. Improper use of technologies for treatment of organic fertilizers is shown to result in microbial and chemical pollution in soils and water objects. Methods employed to assess effects of animal husbandry wastes on human health and the environment are described considering international and Russian practices and documents that establish regulatory requirements to safe use of organic fertilizers. The review establishes that a strategy for providing safety of agricultural production should consider risks for human health and include systemic monitoring over quality of the environment and population health.
Biological risk factors in the Russian Arctic: A scoping literature review
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, 17 Naberezhnaya Severnoi Dviny, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation, Chashchin V.P. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya St., Saint-Petersburg, 191015, Russian Federation, Zaitseva N.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya St., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Chashchin М.V. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya St., Saint-Petersburg, 191015, Russian Federation, Sobolev N.А. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, 17 Naberezhnaya Severnoi Dviny, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation,   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 1119991, Russian Federation, Sorokina Т.Yu. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, 17 Naberezhnaya Severnoi Dviny, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation, Shakirov М.М. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya St., Saint-Petersburg, 191015, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

The goal of the review is to study and summarize approaches to assessing, monitoring, predicting, and countering human health risks associated with the spread of virulent pathogens, parasites, and other biological hazards in the Russian Arctic regions.

A literature search was conducted from May to August 2024 using PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and eLibrary.ru to identify studies on vector-borne pathogens, parasites, and other biological hazards in the Arctic. The review also considered phenomena of bioaccumulation of chemical contaminants in biological food chains that can cause increased susceptibility of humans to infections and the impact of climate change on biological risks in the Arctic. Of the 348 identified publications, 55 articles were selected that met the inclusion criteria.

The analysis revealed significant gaps in the literature on biological risk assessment related to primary data on Arctic zoonotic diseases, with the most limited information related to the sources and pathways of their spread by wild game species. Based on hazard identification, it was established that risk factors for the spread of zoonotic diseases include unfavorable living conditions (inferior quality of life), higher population density, low-quality environment, and socioeconomic considerations. Migratory birds, fish, and animals can significantly contribute to the global spread and pandemics of infectious diseases. Improving our knowledge of wild bird and fish migration routes and vector-borne infectious diseases can help predict future out-breaks and epidemics. The analysis proposed a predictive model for assessing biological risk events associated with this migration.
Lifestyle factors in risks of chronic non-communicable diseases in young people (Literature meta-analysis)
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2/2 Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation, Onishchenko G.G. ,   Russian Academy of Education, 8 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation, Zhukova Т.V. ,   Rostov State Medical University, 29 Nakhichevanskii Av., Rostov-on-Don, 344022, Russian Federation, Gorbacheva N.А. ,   N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, 12 Vorontsovo Pole St., bldg 1, Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation, Latyshevskaya N.I. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, 1 Pavshikh Bortsov Square, Volgograd, 400066, Russian Federation, Vasilieva Т.P. ,   N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, 12 Vorontsovo Pole St., bldg 1, Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation, Belik S.N. ,   Rostov State Medical University, 29 Nakhichevanskii Av., Rostov-on-Don, 344022, Russian Federation, Shatov А.Yu. ,   Rostov State Medical University, 29 Nakhichevanskii Av., Rostov-on-Don, 344022, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Healthy lifestyle formation and protection of people’s health is a complex multifactorial process directly associated with the prevention component in the healthcare system. To protect health of future generations, it is necessary to consider and control lifestyle-related factors in young people.

The aim of this study was to determine lifestyle-related factors and associated functional changes in the body as risk indicators of chronic non-communicable diseases in young people.

The review relied on meta-analysis of data obtained from various research databases over the period between 2013 and 2023. Analyzed studies employed variable research methods inducing questioning, anthropometric measurements, functional tests and biochemical analyses. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by using cluster analysis in Statistica 10.

The results of the accomplished meta-analysis have shown two major locuses that can be identified among risk factors influencing young people’s health. The first one is hypodynamia and associated unhealthy diets and essential hypertension. The second one is bad habits, smoking holding the absolutely first rank place among them.

We have identified basic lifestyle-related health risk factors of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) for young people, namely, hypodynamia and smoking. It seems necessary to develop statistical report forms in order to control the health risk factors highlighted in this review within the social-hygienic monitoring.
Pongamia Pinnata: An Heirloom Herbal Medicine
Authors: Jeelani Ishtiaq , Qadir Tanzeela , Sheikh Alisha , Bhosale Mrinalini , Sharma Praveen Kumar , Amin Andleeb , Nawaz Allah , Sharif Aamir , Hayee Abdul , Bilal Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad Rahil , Mir Bilal Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Pongamia pinnata (L) is one of many plants which possess various medicinal properties, and its chemical constituents have been used for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases in many countries as traditional medicine. It contains a wide range of phytoconstituents and has a wide range of pharmacological effects. It contains glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and fixed oils, among other phytoconstituents. Pongamia pinnata (P. pinnata) roots are useful for cleaning teeth, treating ulcers, strengthening gum, and gonorrhea. The root paste is applied locally to treat scrofulous enlargement. Pongamia Pinnata fresh bark is fragrant and mucilaginous, but it quickly becomes bitter and caustic. Its anthelmintic nature helps in treating ophthalmic, dermal, and vaginal ulcers. P. pinnata leaves are digestive, laxative, and anthelmintic, and they can help in treating diarrhea, leprosy, dyspepsia, and cough. Flowers are useful in diabetes dypsia, as well as vata and Kapha imbalances. Its oil is used to make biodiesel as well. Therefore, this review aims to compile the latest information about P. pinnata, especially its phytochemistry, uses in folk and traditional medicines along with toxicity study, and its role in the biofuel industry to address gaps between previous and current research and to develop new research opportunities.
Adaptation of the competence approach to the methodology of training it specialists in the field of programming
Authors: Savina E. V. , Radjabov K. Ya. , Isabekova T. I.
Published: January 2025

Objective. Substantiation of the expediency of using the proposed methodology for the formation of evaluation materials in the training of IT specialists in the field of programming, followed by its use within the framework of traditional and distance learning technologies in the higher education system. Method. The research methods include: analysis of evaluation materials; methods based on algorithms for decomposing the program code proposed for solving the problem; methods for analyzing data from open sources, methods for analyzing algorithms and data structures. A competency-based approach is used as an alternative to the classical approach, which uses categories of knowledge acquisition. Result. The possibility of using test tasks as traditional ones, as well as tasks in the form of cases, is substantiated. A proven approach to differentiating case programming tasks by level of complexity is proposed, which provides for gradation into three levels. Conclusion. Testing of the methodology has shown its effectiveness in assessing the level of preparedness of students in the field of programming, both in traditional and distance learning.
Thermoelectric system for cooling and air conditioning in passenger cars
Authors: Evdulov O. V. , Mikailov M. I. , Magomedov R. M.
Published: January 2025

Objective. The aim of the study is to develop a design of a thermoelectric system (TES) for cooling and air conditioning in the passenger compartment of a car, its calculation, analysis of parameters and electrical and thermal characteristics. Method. The study is based on the methods of natural and computational modeling of air conditioning and life support systems in order to find optimal solutions for efficiency, reliability and service life of low-temperature installations, machines and devices. Result. The TES has been calculated and its parameters have been determined. Dependencies describing the main characteristics of the TES and the TEM included in its composition have been obtained. The following dependence graphs have been constructed: changes in the average temperature in the volume of the vehicle cabin, as well as heat exchange systems over time, power, coefficient of performance, TEM supply voltage from the temperature difference between junctions for different values of the supply current, volt-ampere characteristic for different values of the temperature difference between junctions, change in temperature at the cold junction of the TEM from the supply current. The graphs are presented at a temperature of hot junctions of the TEM of 320 K. Conclusions. The parameters of the installation are defined: the number of TEM type TB-199-1.4-1.5 - 18 pcs., the operating power range of a single TEM is from 17 to 40 W with an average temperature difference between the junctions of 50 K, the supply current is from 2 to 6 A with a power consumption of 40 to 130 W, the cooling coefficient is from 0.17 to 0.7.
Methods for semantic analysis of the state of the process of functioning of a system for detecting, preventing and eliminating the consequences of computer attacks
Authors: Shablya V. O. , Konovalenko S. A. , Orlov E. O.
Published: January 2025

Objective. The aim of the study is to determine the most effective method of semantic analysis of the state of the process of detection, prevention and elimination of consequences of computer attacks. Method. The study was conducted based on the methods of semantic analysis of the state of the process of SOPKA operation. Result. A structural model of the system of semantic analysis of the state of the process of SOPKA operation is proposed, which is capable of providing an analysis of the state of the process of detection, prevention and elimination of consequences of computer attacks. The most effective method for solving the problem of semantic analysis of the state of the process of SOPKA operation is machine learning using ontological modeling. Conclusion. The results indicate the need for further research of the system of semantic analysis of the state of the process of detection, prevention and elimination of consequences of computer attacks.
Analysis of air flow formation in a nozzle valve
Authors: Abramkina D. V. , Ivanova A. O. , Karpov D. F. , Vafaeva Kh. M. , Voronov A. S.
Published: January 2025

Objective. To accurately assess the impact of ventilation systems on the acoustic environment of a room, it is necessary to determine the length of the vortex zone that forms as the air flow passes through throttling devices. The article examines the results of modeling a nozzle valve with a variable cross-section during its opening and closing processes. Method. The analysis of airflow formation scenarios at various positions of the control diaphragm was performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in the Ansys Fluent software package. Result. As the cross-sectional flow area decreases, a sharp local increase in airflow velocity is observed, along with the formation of vortex zones and reverse flows resulting from the ejection effect. Conclusion. The presence of complex turbulent flows in the ventilation network leads to increased sound pressure levels and noise penetrating the serviced space. Significant deviations from the recommended maximum velocity, depending on the valve opening scenario, highlight the importance of considering throttling devices in acoustic calculations. Analyzing the length of the flow stabilization section enables optimal placement of the nozzle valve, preventing the vortex zone from breaking up due to the combined influence of local resistances (air distribution devices, tees, bends, and constant airflow valves). To reduce the risk of increased noise, it is recommended to position the nozzle valve on a straight duct section, with a length of at least one duct diameter before and three duct diameters after the throttling device.
Complex modification of concrete composites
Authors: Murtazaev S-A. Yu. , Salamanova M. Sh.
Published: January 2025

Objective. The aim of the study is to study the mechanism of chemical interactions with subsequent formation of new formations in the structure of concrete stone; undisclosed possibilities of modifying the matrix system with organic and mineral additives; development of filled highly active binders; use of enriched fillers of high quality; a combination of concrete, reinforcement and dispersed reinforcement, contributing to the evolution of the development of modern concrete science. Method. Research is carried out in accordance with regulatory documents GOST 12730.3–2020 Concrete. Methods for determining water absorption; GOST 10180-2012 Concrete. Methods for determining hardness using control samples; GOST 12730.1-78 Concrete. Methods for determining definition. Result. The complex use of organic and mineral additives was studied, which contributed to the accelerated formation of the structure and strength of the stone without the use of heat. An improvement in rheotechnological characteristics has been recorded, a water-reducing effect has been established, and an increase in the shelf life of the concrete mixture has been established, which is no less important when concreting large-sized structures or transporting semi-finished products over long distances. Conclusion. The proposed research results will make it possible to successfully implement projects of global importance, creating stable, strong and durable concrete structures.
Mathematical modeling of the process of nonlinear deformation of thin-walled structures
Authors: Murtazaliev G. M. , Paizulaev M. M.
Published: January 2025

Objective. The objective is to develop a unified method for solving a general nonlinear boundary value problem associated with discontinuous phenomena, which allows identifying all the characteristic features of the behavior of thin-walled systems under load. The issues of nonlinear deformation, loss of stability of the initial equilibrium shape and post-critical behavior are considered using the example of a thin spherical shell. Method. The problem is solved by numerical and analytical methods, representing a set of methods of catastrophe theory and the finite difference method of increased accuracy. The main attention is paid to the mathematical aspects of the phenomena under consideration. Result. The parameters of the stressstrain state of subcritical, critical and postcritical deformation are determined using a spherical shell as an example. The relationships between the limit and bifurcation values of the load parameters are obtained, allowing us to determine the group of the limit state of the achieved level of the stress-strain state of the structure. Conclusion. The solution of the general problem allows us to obtain complete and necessary information to determine the degree of danger of the states of structures and ensure their reliability.
Effect of redispersible polymer powders on some properties of mortars with complex mineral additives
Authors: Nesvetaev G. N. , Hadzhishalapov G. N. , Zhivotkova I. A.
Published: January 2025

Objective. To identify patterns in changes in the properties of building mortars obtained from dry building mixtures (DBM) depending on the dosage of redispersible polymer powders (RPP), the composition of the complex mineral additive (CMA) and the duration of hardening in air-dry conditions. Method. The studies were conducted in accordance with the regulatory documents: GOST 31356–2013 Dry building mixtures on a cement binder. Test methods. GOST R 58277-2018 Dry building mixtures on a cement binder. GOST 31108-2016 Test methods, general construction cements. Specifications. Result. The presence of RPP in the composition of DBM leads to an increase in the flexural strength when kept for up to 120 days in air-dry conditions and an increase in the adhesion strength to the base. The greatest adhesion strength is observed in compositions with fly ash. The introduction of RPP and the composition of the MKD have an insignificant effect on increasing the modulus of elasticity. A positive effect of RPP in increasing the flexural strength limit during prolonged hardening of the mortar in air-dry conditions was revealed. The effect of RPP on the rate of hardening of the mortar at an early age was noted. Conclusion. Replacing part of the natural mineral raw materials with technogenic waste and using RPP will increase the environmental and economic efficiency of the production of SSS and ensure the production of mortars with the required properties.
On one variant of physical dependencies in modeling the development of the line of separation of a building from the foundation when leveling the tilt with jacks
Authors: Panasyuk L. N. , Zotov M. V. , Firichenko A. A. , Magomedov M. А.
Published: January 2025

Objective. The aim of the study is to develop refined methods for calculating structures on deformable foundations. To achieve this objective, the problem of constructing refined dependencies between stresses and strains in a physically nonlinear material taking into account crack formation is considered. Method. The use of refined mechanical and mathematical models will allow not only to obtain more reliable results of the operation of the "structure - foundation - deformable base" system, but also to correctly solve the engineering problem of designing reinforcement and the leveling process. Result. To design the reinforcement of the basement and upper parts of the structure, mechanical and mathematical modeling of the process of tear-off line formation with increasing forces in jacks was performed based on a physically nonlinear statement of the problem and the use of refined physical dependencies for a thin layer in which there is adhesion between the superstructure and the foundation. The requirements for a mechanical model of the process of detaching a building from the foundation with increasing forces on jacks are substantiated. Conclusion. The main physical dependencies that determine the process of formation of the tear line in the adhesion layer are formulated, and also take into account the structural nonlinearity associated with the change in the calculation scheme during the gradual tearing of the building from the foundation.
An analytical assessment of credit card fraud detection techniques: Supervised, Unsupervised, and Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Djama Abdourahman Djamal
Published: January 2025

Objective. Bank card fraud is an increasingly serious problem for individuals, businesses and financial institutions. There is a need for effective fraud detection measures to protect consumers and businesses from financial losses. Method. information-theoretical analysis of methods for detecting fraud with bank cards, machine learning algorithms in improving the accuracy of fraud detection. Result. An analytical evaluation of fraud detection methods is provided, covering different learning approaches: supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning. Conclusion. The choice of a fraud detection method should be based on an understanding of the available data, the specific requirements of the application domain and the trade-offs between methods in terms of performance, adaptability and computational complexity.
Analysis of existing mathematical models for assessing the competencies of higher education students
Authors: Bychkovskaya J. A. , Bychkovsky V. S.
Published: January 2025

Objective. The purpose of the work is to determine the features of mathematical models for implementing the competence-based assessment approach. It is necessary to identify which parameters are appropriate to use in the mathematical model, the methodology for their determination, and at what stage the final assessment of competencies is formed. Method. The study is based on the theoretical and information analysis of mathematical models for assessing competencies. Result. The development of a mathematical model for assessing competencies requires taking into account factors, including the labor intensity of the academic discipline, class attendance, participation in Olympiads, conferences, etc. It has been established that competence assessment does not always depend on only one area of knowledge, but is interdisciplinary and includes not only knowledge, abilities and skills, but takes into account the influence of the social, information and intellectual environment. The study showed the prospects of applying the theory of latent variables. Conclusion. The scientific review allows developing a new mathematical model for the competence-based approach to mastering the curriculum. To modernize the competence-based approach, it is necessary to collect information on the extracurricular activities of the student. The result of the competency assessment will be a competency map, formed during the semester or course.
Modeling of turbulent fluid flow based on the solution of the Mathieu equation
Authors: Garbuzov V. V. , Preobrazhensky A. P.
Published: January 2025

Objective. This work examines the problem of fluid flow simulation in a turbulent regime. The main reasons why turbulent flow occurs are due to the existence of high velocities of movement in fluids; besides that, there may be obstacles or changes in the shapes of flows. Method. To determine the characteristics of a flow, it is proposed to use Mathieu’s equation. The main steps of the solution algorithm are presented for Mathieu functions that were used over the course of the computer program execution. Result. Upon evaluating eigenvalues, it is shown that it is necessary to rely on the corresponding transcendental equations. It is illustrated how modified Mathieu functions are calculated. It is indicated how calculations should be carried out in the case of a small parameter value in Mathieu functions. A block diagram of the executed turbulence modeling algorithm is presented. In order to conduct turbulence simulation, a GUI shell based on the Qt library was created in the Qt Creator environment. During the simulation process, the value of the Smagorinsky constant was chosen to be equal to 0.01. For the time step, a length value of 0.05 was selected. During the execution of the simulation, 2000 time steps were used. The simulation results were recorded every 10 steps. The results of the simulation are presented visually. Conclusion. A mathematical model has been created, on the basis of which there are possibilities for modeling turbulent media. The mathematical model has been constructed for various parameters during the flow of solid bodies by turbulent flows.
The model of automation of university management processes
Authors: Grachev M. I.
Published: January 2025

Objective. The purpose of the research is to synthesize a solution model of an educational organization aimed at automating university management processes. Improving the efficiency of management processes is based on the indicator of the effectiveness of the solution implementation obtained in the work. Method. The process of synthesis of a mathematical model is described, which allows to build a graph of the states of the system and apply the Kolmogorov-Chapman differential equations, as a result, to obtain an indicator of the effectiveness of the implementation of the decision of the head of the university. When carrying out the processes of decomposition, abstraction and aggregation, we obtain a mathematical model of a management decision. Considering the process of solving the control problem in four states of the system, we obtain the Kolmogorov-Chapman differential equations. By setting the normalization equation and applying the Gauss method, we translate the resulting differential equations into linear algebraic equations and find an indicator of the effectiveness of implementing the decision of the head of the university. To achieve automation with the required performance indicator of the solution implementation, it is necessary to obtain the temporary states of the system in question. Result. By linking the obtained indicator with the temporary states of the system, we obtain the effectiveness of implementing the solution of the current system. Subsequently, by solving the inverse problem, obtain the required characteristics necessary for the automation of university management processes. Conclusion. By setting the required performance indicator for the implementation of the solution, we obtain the necessary characteristics for the system in question, which the management processes should have for their further automation. Having the required characteristics, we can make demands on the software and hardware complex and the staff of the university.
Technology Improves Diabetes Outcomes in Depressed Youths and in those with Public Insurance (Preprint)
Authors: Emerson Natacha , Ferber Christopher , Jackson Nicholas , Li Joshua , Tsay Eric , Styne Dennis , Gottschalk Michael , Mittelman Steven , Moscicki Anna-Barbara , Moscicki Anna-Barbara
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Introduction: Adherence to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) treatment regimens decreases during adolescence. Comorbid depression is known to potentiate this risk. While use of technological devices for T1DM can improve outcomes, several patient-level variables appear to impact access.

OBJECTIVE

We examined whether technology use impacted the association between depression and poorer health outcomes in T1DM. Given established insurance-based disparities based on technology access, we also studied whether the protective effects of T1DM technology differed among publicly and privately insured youth.

METHODS

Data were prospectively collected from pediatric patients with T1DM across three California medical centers. We used regression analyses to examine whether technology use was related to diabetes outcomes, and whether this differed based on depression status and health insurance type.

RESULTS

Across 1,573 patients aged 12-25 (Mage 15.9, 66.43% non-Hispanic White, 47.0% female), those with a depression diagnosis had a higher HbA1c and more frequent DKA events than those without (p < .01). Patients using both a continuous glucose monitors (CGM) and pump had lower HbA1c levels and fewer DKA events than those using no or one device (p < .01). While youth with public insurance had significantly higher HbA1c levels than those with commercial insurance, this disparity was eliminated in patients who used CGM (p < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Technology use in pediatric T1DM appears protective, including in youth with a history of depression and/or who are publicly insured. Facilitating access to T1DM technology may be one avenue to reducing outcome disparities.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Quality of life in overweight and obese children
Authors: Aryayev M.L. , Selimkhanova D.S. , Shevchenko I.M.
Published: January 2025

Background. The prevalence of childhood obesity has reached concerning levels worldwide, posing a pressing and serious public health issue. The objective of this study is to examine the quality of life (QoL) in children with elevated body weight and obesity. Materials and methods. The study involved 151 children (71 girls and 80 boys) aged 12 to 17 years. The assessment included measurements of body weight, height, and calculation of body mass index, adjusted for age and sex. Based on body mass index, the children were categorised into three groups: 1 — normal weight; 2 — overweight; 3 — obese. The quality of life of participants was evaluated using the PedsQL™ 4.0 questionnaire. Results. The findings reveal a marked reduction in QoL among obese children, with the extent of QoL decline correlating with the degree of excess weight. The overall QoL score, based on the children’s self-assessment, was significantly lower in higher body weight categories: obesity — 55.96 ± 0.59 points; overweight — 78.97 ± 1.08 points; control group — 84.42 ± 1.69 points. Children in the obesity group reported the greatest reduction in the physical functioning scale, scoring an average of 54.40 ± 3.56 points. In questionnaires completed by parents, the overall QoL scores were as follows: obesity — 56.60 ± 0.77 points; overweight — 79.97 ± 1.11 points; control group — 85.22 ± 2.15 points. Parents identified the largest QoL reduction in the social functioning scale for children with obesity (54.28 ± 2.65 points). Conclusions. The study highlights a direct relationship between increased body weight and reduced QoL. Children’s self-reports indicate the most significant decline in physical functioning, while parents noted a substantial drop in social functioning of children with obesity.
Explainable AI in Cancer Diagnosis: Enhancing Interpretability with SHAP on Benign and Malignant Tumor Detection
Authors: Agarwal Devansh
Published: January 2025

Machine learning (ML) is revolutionizing cancer diagnosis by providing advanced algorithms capable of detecting and
classifying tumors with high accuracy. However, these models are often perceived as "black-boxes" due to their lack of
transparency and interpretability, which limits their adoption in clinical settings where understanding the reasoning behind a
diagnosis is vital for decision-making. In critical fields like oncology, the opacity of ML models undermines trust among medical
professionals. This research applies Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques to a hybrid ML model, combining
decision trees and XGBoost, for diagnosing cancer using a licensed dataset that differentiates between benign and malignant
tumors. Specifically, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) is used to interpret the model’s predictions by explaining the
influence of key features, such as tumor size, texture, and shape, achieving an accuracy of 93.86%. This study demonstrates that
SHAP not only improves the interpretability of ML models in cancer diagnostics but also aligns its explanations with clinical
knowledge, facilitating their integration into real-world clinical practice without compromising accuracy. Future work will
explore larger datasets, more complex models, and real-time SHAP explanations to further enhance the clinical utility of XAI in
cancer diagnosis.
Capacity and power analysis on inclined screw conveyor using DEM simulation
Authors: Faishol Ahmad , Mulyadi  , Widodo Edi
Published: January 2025

DEM is a method based on the theory of molecular dynamics that can simulate the movement of granular materials. One of the advantages of this method is it can simulate accurately without creating a real object. This study aims to determine how much influence the inclination of the screw conveyor has on the capacity and power of the motor. Corn shelled was used as a test with continuous filling of 1000 ft3/hour for 20 seconds, while modeling by screw conveyor 2 meter long at positions 00, 200 and 450 with variations in speed of 50 rpm, 75 rpm and 100 rpm. Screw conveyor mass flow and torque data are taken for analysis. The DEM simulation results at a speed of 100 rpm with inclination of 00 is 21,2 ton/hour and the required power of 1.58 HP. Different results are obtained in modelling with an inclination of 450, the capacity drops to 8,6 ton/hour with the required power of 11.8 HP. It can be seen that the capacity reduction due to inclination reaches more than 50% with a significant increase in power.
Sound absorption coefficient from composites made from coconut fiber, paper, and styrofoam
Authors: Maghfiroh Amalia Ma'rifatul
Published: January 2025

Noise is an unpleasant/undesirable sound. Apart from noise, environmental problems are often faced by the community in the form of organic and inorganic waste resulting from several small/large industrial activities. Organic waste often encountered is young coconut fiber from activities in traditional markets. Paper waste comes from teaching and learning activities/offices. Styrofoam waste is included in the category of inorganic waste, which is very difficult to decompose, so it has a bad impact on the environment. Based on this, a composite was made from coconut fiber, paper and styrofoam so that it could be used as a sound absorber. Cylindrical composite specimens were made with different variations in composition and analyzed the differences in sound dampening ability in various compositions. The sound absorption capacity of the composite was measured at frequencies of 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 750 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz and 4,000 Hz. The composite acoustic test results obtained for samples A, B and C showed that the highest absorption energy was 49.57 dB at a frequency of 750 Hz for sample C. Meanwhile, the lowest absorption energy was 1.15 dB at a frequency of 500 Hz for sample A. The sound absorption coefficient values ​​were obtained for all variations. The frequencies of samples A, B and C have good absorption coefficient values, namely ≥ 0.2. The lowest absorption coefficient value was 2.01 at a frequency of 750 Hz for sample C and the highest was 46.67 at a frequency of 500 Hz for sample A.
Tensile Strength Prediction of Empty Palm Oil Bunch Fiber Composite with Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Waloyo Hery Tri , Mujianto Agus , Feriyanto Richie
Published: January 2025

As the leading global producer of palm oil, Indonesia encounters substantial environmental challenges arising from the waste generated by empty palm oil fruit bunches (EPOFB). This research aims to develop an accurate Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to predict the tensile strength of EPOFB fiber-reinforced composites. The method involves two types of ANN, namely Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Backpropagation, with testing using variations in immersion time, volume fraction, and length of EPOFB fibers. The research results show that both ANN models can predict tensile strength with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) below 10%. However, the Backpropagation ANN shows superior performance with a training MAE of 0.0078 and a testing MAE of 0.45, compared to the RBF ANN, which has a training MAE of 0.371 and a testing MAE of 0.53. In conclusion, ANN Backpropagation is superior in prediction accuracy and characterization efficiency of EFB fiber-reinforced composites, offering an economical solution and supporting sustainable palm oil waste management.
performance improvement of the combustion process in diesel engines with fuel heater
Authors: Wagiman Acep
Published: January 2025

The incomplete combustion process will be a problem in the development effort of the diesel engine's performance. The non-homogeneous air-fuel mixing process is one of the factors which causes incomplete combustion. Heating the diesel fuel to a certain temperature before it goes through the high-pressure injection pump will lower its density and viscosity. Therefore, when injected in the combustion chamber, it forms smaller droplets of fuel spray which results in a more homogeneous air-fuel mixture. Moreover, using higher temperatures will make the diesel fuel easier to ignite to compensate for the limited time that is available in high-speed operating conditions. Diesel fuel heating can improve the combustion process to increase the power and decrease fuel consumption optimally.