bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taille de la fratrie et occupation d’un emploi en début de vie active des enfants d’immigrés
Authors: Moguérou Laure , Primon Jean-Luc
Published: February 2022

Dans cet article, nous étudions l’impact de la taille de la fratrie sur les trajectoires d’entrée en vie active des enfants d’immigrés, en nous focalisant sur l’occupation d’un emploi au cours des premières années qui suivent la fin de la formation initiale. L’analyse est conduite à l’aide des données de l’enquête Trajectoires et Origines (TeO, INED et INSEE, 2008). Dans une première partie nous présentons des données de cadrage sur les familles nombreuses en France, dont celles immigrées, pour résumer ensuite les travaux qui traitent de l’incidence de la taille des familles sur les destinées scolaires et professionnelles de la descendance. La deuxième partie est centrée sur l’analyse empirique des difficultés d’accès à l’emploi des enfants de familles nombreuses en fonction de l’origine migratoire et du sexe. Les résultats généraux révèlent une progression du non-emploi au cours des premières années de vie active lorsque la taille de la fratrie augmente. Mais dans la population féminine, à milieu social et niveau de diplôme comparables, l’influence du nombre de frères et sœurs est en partie neutralisée par l’acquisition d’un capital scolaire. L’influence de la dimension de la famille d’origine sur la probabilité d’occuper un emploi en début de vie active se révèle contrastée selon le genre.
Factors Affecting Teacher Acceptance of Tablets in Their Teaching Practice
Authors: Diseko Rabaitse , Nyamande Thuladu Thuladu , Kuhudzai Anesu Gelfand
Published: February 2022

The present study employs the technology acceptance model to explore secondary school teachers' perceptions towards acceptance of tablet devices in their teaching practice in the classroom. A questionnaire was completed by (N=80) secondary school teachers from South Africa, and the constructs related to technology acceptance were measured along with demographic variables. Results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in teachers' perceptions towards acceptance of tablets in their teaching practice across gender, age, and teaching experience. The findings also showed that the perceived usefulness construct has a high negative response towards the acceptance of tablets in their teaching practice. However, the findings also revealed that the perceived ease of use, attitude towards use, and behavioural intention are directly significant factors in teachers' perceptions towards accepting tablet devices in their teaching practice.
Diagnosis of Future Demand for the Design of University Courses
Authors: Ortiz Nicolas , Zapata Rocio
Published: February 2022

This study develops a method to determine future needs and competencies required for the design of future professional careers, this aligned with the demands: country, institutional and business. The article is based on a study of primary and secondary sources: current state of supply, working companies, dynamics with parents, student surveys nationwide. Finally, findings are made regarding future demand careers: national needs, labor demand for skills, educational supply, educational needs. And it concludes with a study plan of future needs for adapt.
Rhetorical Persuasion in Advertisements
Authors: Talaue Gilbert Macalanda
Published: February 2022

The study aimed to determine the psychological impact of rhetorical persuasion to the millennial consumers. In order to determine this, respondents’ demographic profile, their perceptions towards advertisement and their preferred rhetorical persuasion were identified. It further aimed to analyzed how advertisement’s applied persuasion technique can psychologically persuade the respondents.Quantitative and descriptive research design were used in this study. There are 107 millennial respondents participated in the study. In conclusion, this study provided insights on the psychological impact of rhetorical persuasion in advertisement to Saudi millennial consumers. Demographic variables, such as gender, age, and personal allowance has little or no effect with their advertisement preference. Logos appeal incorporated in advertisement is most appealing to millennial respondents due to their personality that millennials are educated and knowledgeable, thus they will be believed or persuaded more with facts.
The Organizational and Social Complexities of Managing and Retaining Generation Z Employees in the United States Retail Industry
Authors: Burrell Darrell Norman , Bradley-Swanson Orna T. , Aridi Amalisha S. , Lewis Eugene J.
Published: February 2022

U.S. Retail Industry employed 4,528,550 retail salespersons, as stated by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics (2017). Tang, Liu, Oh, and Weitz (2014) assert that even though retail is the second largest industry in the United States, the retail stores’ employee turnover rate remains a staggering 60% for full-time employees. Gaining a better understanding of how to reduce turnover in this industry could be of significant value to organizations related to business sustainability and labor costs management. Generation Z represents people born in the 1990s and represents one-third of the U.S. population, a significant potential workforce (Fuscaldo, 2020). For the retail industry to flourish, it needs to hire, develop, and retain Generation Z employees. The study uses qualitative focus group research to discover applied human resources and talent management workplace leadership applications by exploring the ideal organizational culture and approaches to recruit and retain Generation Z employees.
Sustainable Agro Tourism
Authors: Paul Tripti , Patil Anuradha
Published: February 2022

Agro-tourism based on organic cultivation environments has increased both domestic and international tourism sectors. Homestay in the Farm of Happiness is a form of community-based agro-tourism that incorporates the theme of organic cultivation and cultural landscapes into tourism destinations. However, the existing homestay program needs further attention and development initiatives due to conservation and urbanization difficulties. The purpose of this study is to spread the knowledge of agro-tourism and its relevance to the economy. This study assesses organic cultivation, including cultural landscape preservation through tourism and better knowledge for future generations. The study provides insight into how an ordinary rural agricultural land is transformed into an attractive tourist destination.
Optimal Charge Scheduling of EVs in Distribution System with Solar Energy Parking Lots
Authors: Negi Ipsita , Pal Kirti
Published: February 2022

A novel framework consisting of three level modeling for distribution network is proposed without violating any equality and inequality constraints. In level -one modeling, optimal location and sizing of electric vehicle parking lot and in level -two, EV charging modeling is proposed. Two types of charging, normal charging for charging EVs at home and rapid charging at parking lot is considered to show the impact of charging on distribution network. In level -three, solar parking lot (SPL) modeling is introduced to reduce the burden on distribution network by using SPL to grid power exchange. The proposed model is illustrated on an IEEE 33 bus distribution network with two systems. In first system, two charging levels are used to analyze the EVs charging impact in distribution network in terms of voltage violation, power losses, energy cost of individual customer and charge paid by PL without SPL. In second system, one charging level is used to maximize the profit of parking lot operator and minimize the burden on grid with SPL.
Critical Analysis of Air Pollution and AQI and Its Bad Effects on Human Health
Authors: Rastogi Rohit , Sagar Sheelu , Jain Puru , Jain Rishabh , Garg Priyanshi , Rastogi Mukund , Tandon Neeti , Srivastava Prajwal
Published: February 2022

Because of quick industrialization and urbanization, Delhi is seeing uncommon increment in air contamination. The arrival of unsafe gases, for example, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide isn't just hurtful to the soundness of the populace, but on the other hand is making irreversible impacts nature. The motivation behind this undertaking is to depict the execution of ease and vitality proficient air quality checking frameworks. The proposed air quality observing framework utilizes an air quality record that can be effectively translated. To show the truth of the gases being discharged around parts of Delhi. AQI considers four significant poisons: sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone and benzene, SPM. By recalling information on day by day contamination levels, the EPA can indicate a number about its AQI run. The assessment results affirm the ability of the proposed framework for constant and spatial observing of air quality. Also, it is workable for the overall population to arrive at the aftereffects of air quality observing continuously.
A Literature Review on the Marketing Partnership Challenge
Authors: Lewis Eugene J.
Published: February 2022

The literary review assesses Human Capital Theory (HCT) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in the existing body of scholarly knowledge in areas of real estate development, marketing, and training as a marketing partnership challenge. The current and past literature addresses the concepts of marketing practice, human capital, technology, real estate development, professional development, marketing partnerships, design technology, marketing training, and operational planning. The scholarly research focuses on the need for developing partnerships within the real estate industry for improving the marketing profession to create better employment opportunities for marketers. Current studies in the marketing profession identify the need for job re-education, employment diversification, market differentiation, and training as a central problem within the real estate development market.
The Power and Perseverance of Liberal Arts Internships During COVID-19
Authors: Leif Sam A. , Heath Jenna , Moore Kass
Published: February 2022

Virtual internships have the potential to offer the same benefits as in-person internships such as technical skill development, knowledge application, and communication skills. However, these experiences are usually pre-planned, designed and evaluated to ensure the pedagogical framework is retained. The COVID-19 pandemic saw a rise in online teaching, online community engagement efforts, and online career development efforts, such as internships, without the benefit of planned, designed virtual experiences. This study aims to show the early mixed-methods survey results from shifting an internship program within a Liberal Arts college to fully online during COVID-19. Results identified and highlighted some struggles students faced, yet showed that, despite COVID-19, students still found value in their internship experiences regardless of them being moved online.
Consumer Perception of Internet Banking and Mobile Banking Using Twitter Analytics
Authors: Thangavel Chandrakumar , Thangavel Ramya , Ramanujam Elangovan , Bennet Deepthi Tabitha , Bennet Preethi Samantha
Published: February 2022

Mobile and Internet banking have introduced a new way of monetary transactions without the need for physical presence. This research proposes to analyze the sentiments of people regarding digital transactions, Mobile and Internet banking. The explosion of Internet usage and the huge funding initiatives in electronic banking has drawn the attention of researchers towards Internet and mobile banking. This study focuses on customer value perceptions of the Internet and mobile banking in India. The recent and forecasted Digital India scheme shows high growth in e-banking in India. The demographic, attitudinal, and behavioral characteristics of mobile bank users were examined. In this study, datasets obtained from Twitter were used. After extensive and repeated analysis, it is found that both Mobile and Internet banking are well received, the number of positive Tweets, especially regarding mobile banking, is much higher than that of Internet banking. This leads to the interpretation that people find mobile banking easier and safer, especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Content Analysis of the Main Twitter Accounts of Saudi Universities
Authors: Alim Sophia , Abdulrahman Ruqayya
Published: February 2022

With unemployment amongst graduates in Saudi Arabia, social media platforms especially Twitter play a big part in communication. However, do universities utilise Twitter enough when engaging with employers and the community? This study analyses the post content in the main Twitter accounts of 13 private universities and 20 public universities in Saudi Arabia. Automated data extraction via Twitter API was used to gather the data. From the extracted tweets, 350 tweets were selected from private university accounts and 400 tweets from public university accounts to code for content analysis. The post content from both university types was informative and there was no presence of opinions. The most popular category of content for private universities was university events whereas for public universities it was general advertisements. References to employer engagement were more present in private university tweets compared to public university tweets. The study did highlight that more material needs to be posted relating to knowledge and technology transfer.
Region Proposal-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Missing Child Detection
Authors: Rasikannan L  , Suganthi J  , Sasikumar R  , Reshma V. K.
Published: February 2022

Object identification has exploded alongside the remarkable progression of Convolutional Neural Network and its variations since 2012. Identification of objects in a field of computer vision has significantly increased especially to face and human subjects. Subsequently, computer vision has also addressed a global challenge on certain systems such as missing child detection in the last decade. However, there are certain challenges and limitations in the detection of children in the crowd only with face detection. Thus this paper proposes a Regional proposal based Convolutional Neural Network system that addresses the global challenges using three add-on features along with face. The real time dataset has been collected and the experimentations are conducted to validate the significance of the proposed system.
Proposed Secure 3-Use Case Diagram
Authors: Gedam Madhuri , Meshram Bandu B.
Published: February 2022

The global use of UML diagrams serving as a baseline for the development of software leads to the mandatory consideration of non-functional requirements providing a secure and robust application. Secure SRS model with CIA-AAA provides the consideration of non-functional requirements and quality attributes before authorizing the users for accessing use cases. The extensive literature survey for UML Use case diagram is done. The UML use case diagrams do not provide notations, stereotypes, constraint for mis-use case and defense mechanism. This paper describes various notations, the new stereotypes such as Authentication, Buffer Overflow, SQL Injection, Encryption, Session Expiration and Connection Flooding with mathematical modelling for mitigating the attacks on the various transactions or use cases handle by the actors for providing the security.
Classroom Management in Urban Schools
Authors: Kerns William , Walls Betty Porter
Published: February 2022

This article draws on a qualitative case study of the experiences of first-year teachers in urban schools. The 16 teachers each attended the same HBCU and taught in local public schools with a high proportion of students living in poverty. The purpose of the study was to explore areas of conflict and collaboration experienced by beginning teachers that might promote change in personal views of teaching. The leading theme that emerged was that teachers expressed they struggled with classroom management and wished for more time in field experiences during their teacher education program. Implications for the preparation of preservice teachers and the mentoring of beginning teachers are described.
It Is the Life in Your Years
Authors: Baumeister Antonia E. E. , Rindermann Heiner
Published: February 2022

For promoting high levels of educational quality, it is crucial to have mentally healthy and dedicated kindergarten teachers. This study focuses on the question of whether kindergarten teachers differ in their mental health-promoting personality characteristics and stress management strategies. Effects of selection, experience, and gender were examined by comparing kindergarten teacher trainees (N = 46), students (N = 26), and experienced teachers (N = 38). Students showed more emotional competence than trainees (d = 0.50). Experienced kindergarten teachers reported more agreeableness (d = 0.57) than trainees and students. A path model revealed that having an own family predicted being more agreeable (β = .25). Female teachers used more negative coping strategies (d = 0.66) and showed less occupational achievement motivation (d = −0.59) than males. The education and advanced training of kindergarten teachers should prioritize positive stress management strategies, emotional competence, and the importance of achieving personal goals.
Information Processing and Data Analytics for Decision Making
Authors: Nanda Pooja , Kumar Vikas
Published: February 2022

Decision making is required by all organizations; however, the decision making styles may differ. ost commonly used decision styles include: (a) Autocratic (b) Democratic (c) Consensus and (d) Participatory. With the Globalization and expansion of businesses, professionals have become highly dependent upon the technology to support the decision making process and decision support systems have come-up as a fastest growing discipline. Present work discusses the evolution of computerized decision support, considering the: (a) Model Driven (b) Data Driven (c) Communication Driven (d) Document Driven and (e) Knowledge Driven decision support systems. All three different business levels: Operational, Tactical and Strategic have been considered in the present work to review the development of decision support systems. The traditional data analysis based approaches have been compared with the latest data analytics approaches including the social media analytics and web analytics. Examples from the different industry sectors have been incorporated for better illustrations of decision support.
Evaluation of Cuban Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner, 1911) (Bacillales
Authors: Rizo Aileen González , Martinez Camilo E Castañet , Cardentey Celeste Ramirez , Ibañez Ariamys Companioni , Díaz Zulema Menendez , Fidalgo Lianet Monzote , Álvarez Hilda M Hernandez
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To evaluate 11 Cuban native Bacillus (B.) thuringiensis isolates in order to select one with the best larvicidal activity against Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and low cytotoxicity.

Methods:

The cry and cyt genes of the isolates (A21, A51, L95, L910, M29, R84, R85, R87, R89, U81 and X48) were amplified by PCR. The influence of organic matter and NaCl on the larvicidal activity was tested by bioassays. Cytotoxicity was assayed on peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice.

Results:

The cyt1 (Aa, Ab, Ba), cyt2, cry4aA, cry4Ba, cry11 (Aa, Ba, Bb) and cry10 genes were identified in all native Cuban isolates. The larvicidal activity (LC90) of seven isolates was affected by the presence of organic matter in the water, while A21, A51, L910, R84, U81 and X48 had better LC50, LC90, LC95 than the 266/2 9-VII-98 control strain. The LC50 of two isolates was affected by the presence of NaCl and A21, A51, R85 isolate had better larvicidal activity than the 266/2 9-VII-98 control strain. In terms of toxicity against macrophages, the extracts of nine isolates were less cytotoxic than the control strains.

Conclusions:

Native isolate A21 had the main virulence factors against Ae. aegypti larvae, displayed a good larvicidal activity in presence of different factors related with Ae. aegypti breeding sites, and had low citotoxicity against macrophages. These results can contribute to the improvement of existing biological control strategies and the development of new biolarvicides.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase in Physiology and Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Kuo Yi-Min , Lee Yi-Hsuan
Published: February 2022

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are fatty acid signaling molecules synthesized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases from arachidonic acid. The biological activity of EETs is terminated when being metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), a process that serves as a key regulator of tissue EETs levels. EETs act through several signaling pathways to mediate various beneficial effects, including anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-oxidation with relieve of endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby sEH has become a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease and cancer therapy. Enzymes for EET biosynthesis and metabolism are both widely detected in both neuron and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies discovered that astrocyte-derived EETs not only mediate neurovascular coupling and neuronal excitability by maintaining glutamate homeostasis but also glia-dependent neuroprotection. Genetic ablation as well as pharmacologic inhibition of sEH has greatly helped to elucidate the physiologic actions of EETs, and maintaining or elevating brain EETs level has been demonstrated beneficial effects in CNS disease models. Here, we review the literature regarding the studies on the bioactivity of EETs and their metabolic enzyme sEH with special attention paid to their action mechanisms in the CNS, including their modulation of neuronal activity, attenuation of neuroinflammation, regulation of cerebral blood flow, and improvement of neuronal and glial cells survival. We further reviewed the recent advance on the potential application of sEH inhibition for treating cerebrovascular disease, epilepsy, and pain disorder.
Immunohistochemical and mutational status of telomerase reverse transcriptase in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jayaraj Perumal , Sen Seema , Saxena Kartikey , Gupta Jassika , Vats Pranjal , Kashyap Seema , Chauhan Sheetal , Pushker Neelam
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Mutations in human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) are associated with increased telomerase activity in cutaneous melanomas. Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, also referred to as ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma, is cancer on the surface of the eye. Recent studies have identified UV signature mutations in TERT promoters in ocular melanoma and ocular surface squamous neoplasia. However, its immunohistochemical status has not been reported in ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma. This study aimed to explore the immunohistochemical and mutational status of TERT in ocular surface SCC.

Methods:

The immunohistochemical expression of TERT and mutational status of TERT promoter was evaluated in 19 ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma cases. Conjunctival melanoma tissue was used as a positive control.

Results:

The cytoplasmic overexpression of TERT was detected in 11/19 (57%), and TERT promoter mutations were identified in 6/19 (31%) of ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma. Out of these, 66% had a C228T mutation, and 33% had a C250T mutation. The TERT expression was found to be associated with a high (≥T3) AJCC category (P = 0.023), and TERT immunoexpression was significantly correlated with reduced disease-free survival (P = 0.024, log-rank analysis) in ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates that TERT promoter mutations with UV signatures are frequent in ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma. The increased expression of TERT could be of biological significance in aggressive ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma.
Comparison of the clinical outcomes of Eyecryl™ and Tecnis® toric intraocular lenses: A real-world study
Authors: Thulasidas Mithun , Sasidharan Ajita , Pradeep Balam
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

To compare the postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and refractive outcomes of cataract patients with astigmatism following implantation of Eyecryl™ and Tecnis® toric intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods:

We conducted a single-center, retrospective study including patients who had undergone phacoemulsification and implantation with either Eyecryl™ toric (Group 1) or Tecnis® toric (Group 2) IOL. The primary outcome measures included postoperative UDVA and residual astigmatism at 3 months. The secondary outcome measure was IOL misalignment >10° throughout the follow-up period.

Results:

One hundred and eight eyes of 76 patients (44 males and 32 females) were analyzed. Twenty-nine patients (38 eyes) received Eyecryl™ toric IOL (Group 1), and 47 patients (70 eyes) received Tecnis® toric IOL (Group 2). Groups 1 and 2 showed a mean postoperative logMAR UDVA of 0.09 ± 0.11 and 0.06 ± 0.09, respectively, at 3 months (P = 0.114). In both groups, all the eyes achieved a postoperative UDVA of ≤0.3 logMAR. The postoperative residual astigmatism of group 1 and group 2 was -0.29 ± 0.34 D and -0.16 ± 0.27 D, respectively (P = 0.038). Postoperative astigmatism was within ± 1.00 D in all the eyes. No eyes had an IOL misalignment >10° throughout the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

Both Eyecryl™ and Tecnis® toric IOLs provided significant improvement in uncorrected visual acuity and astigmatism correction postoperatively. The Tecnis® toric IOL provided statistically significant lower residual astigmatism than Eyecryl™toric IOL. However, the difference in postoperative astigmatism between the two IOLs was clinically insignificant.
Long-term outcomes and risk factors for failure of glaucoma filtering surgery in eyes with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and steroid-induced glaucoma
Authors: Senthil Sirisha , Rao Harsha L , Ali Mohammed Hasnat , Krishnamurthy Rashmi , Dikshit Siddharth , Choudhari Nikhil , Sastry Ramyasri , Garudadri Chandrashekar
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

To report outcomes and assess the risk factors for failure of trabeculectomy (trab), trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C (trabMMC), and combined trabeculectomy with cataract extraction (CT) in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) eyes with steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG).

Methods:

Trab was performed in 45 eyes of 30 subjects, trabMMC in 36 eyes of 25 subjects, and CT in 34 eyes of 27 subjects. Success was complete when intraocular pressure (IOP) was between 6 and 21 mm Hg without anti-glaucoma medications (AGM) and qualified with AGM.

Results:

Median age (14 vs. 16.3 and 17.4 years) was significantly less in the trab cohort (P = 0.007). Majority (88%–93%) were male (P = 0.78). Preoperatively, median duration of steroid usage was >2 years (P = 0.52), mean IOP (32, 29.4, and 28.4; P = 0.26) and median cup:disc ratio (CDR) (0.9; P = 0.27) were similar in the three groups. Complete success (76%, 71%, and 66% at 5 years; P = 0.91), and qualified success (88%, 97%, and 94% at 5 years; P = 1.0) with trab, trabMMC, and CT, respectively, were similar. Preoperative factors significantly associated with qualified failure (multiple logistic regression) were older children, longer duration of VKC, longer duration and mixed type of steroid use (all P < 0.001) and larger CDR (P < 0.02). At the last follow-up, 38% in trab, 33% in trabMMC, and 50% eyes in CT were blind (visual acuity ≤20/400 and/or visual field ≤10°) due to glaucoma (P = 0.33).

Conclusion:

The surgical success for all three types of surgery was similar at 5-years. Chronic VKC and long-term steroid use were associated with surgical failure. The majority had advanced disease and a significant proportion were blind due to glaucoma.
Digital eye strain and its associated factors in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Demirayak Bengi , Yılmaz Tugan Büşra , Toprak Muge , Çinik Ruken
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

This study was undertaken to identify the prevalence of symptoms related to the use of display devices and contributing factors in children engaged in distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

An online electronic survey form was prepared using Google Forms (Alphabet Co., Mountain View, CA) and sent to parents of children under the age of 18 years engaged in distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The types of display devices children use, how often such devices are used, the symptoms of digital eye strain, and the severity and frequency of the symptoms were recorded, and the associations between the factors were analyzed.

Results:

A total of 692 participants were included. The mean age of the children was 9.72 ± 3.02 years. The most common display devices used were personal computers (n = 435, 61.7%) for online classes and smartphones (n = 400, 57.8%) for nonacademic purposes. The mean duration of display device use was 71.1 ± 36.02 min without a break and 7.02 ± 4.55 h per day. The most common reported symptom was headache (n = 361, 52.2%). Of the participants, 48.2% (n = 332) reported experiencing 3 or more symptoms. The multivariate analysis detected that being male (P = 0.005) and older age (P = 0.001) were independent risk factors for experiencing 3 or more symptoms.

Conclusion:

The increasing use of digital devices by children is exacerbating the problem of digital eye strain in children as a side effect of online learning. Public awareness should be improved.
International Council of Ophthalmology-Small Incision Cataract Surgery rubric: A roadmap to evaluate cataract surgical skill acquisition during residency training
Authors: Jariwala Shivani B , Kapadia Priti R Rameshbhai , Patel Hiteshree R
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

The International Council of Ophthalmology-Small Incision Cataract Surgery (ICO-SICS) rubric is a tool to grade SICS steps from novice to competent. The study aimed to evaluate the progress of residents’ surgical skills by using the ICO-SICS rubric and the perceptions of residents and faculties about its use.

Methods:

This prospective educational interventional study, done in the Ophthalmology department between September 2019 and February-2020 included 14 residents and five faculties. Faculties scored residents’ SICS by ICO-SICS-rubric (four sessions/resident) and helped them identify three steps as “area of focus” to work upon. Feedback was taken using a semi-structured pretested questionnaire. Focus group discussion was done for residents. Data were entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS. Perception analysis presented as percentage of written responses.

Results:

Step-wise rubric score showed improvement for initial SICS steps and wound closure (P < 0.05). Critical surgical steps and scores for three areas of focus steps showed no statistically significant improvement. Three steps as an area of focus changed partly for 11 residents and completely for three residents at the end of 6 months. Perception analysis of faculty and residents showed that the ICO-SICS rubric is a good tool to record surgical performance, identify steps needing improvement and provide structured feedback hence opined to continue it. Residents considered it as an effective learning and assessment tool.

Conclusion:

ICO-SICS rubric is a good teaching tool and helps to assess the progress of surgical skills. Identification of areas of poor performance and feedback given motivates them to focus on those areas leading to continuous professional development, resulting in competent surgeons performing SICS surgery independently at the end of the residency.
Make in India: Normative data for automated perimetry
Authors: Israni Neeraj , Thomas Rwituja , Kochar Shruti
Published: February 2022

Background:

The normative data set in authomated perimetry is predominantly of non-Indian origin and hence may not be an accurate basis for visual field analysis in Indian population. This video describes an attempt to create a native normative dataset for automated perimetry, which can then be fed in our machines and be used as the normative database.

Purpose:

To formulate normative data and to increase domain knowledge of normative values for automated perimetry in Indian population of different age groups.

Synopsis:

Cross-sectional study conducted on patients receiving outpatient care in a span of 3 years, which included 6586 healthy normal patients (13172 eyes) with vision 6/6 unaided or after refractive correction. The patients were tested with 30-2 SITA FAST threshold algorithm on Humphrey Field Analyzer Model no: 745i. Normative data was calculated on basis of age group ranging from 19-75 years categorized to every decade. Normal values were formulated on basis of perimetry performed on normal patients.

Highlights:

Our work on creating a native normative dataset may add value as well as increase the accuracy of perimetry analysis in Indian eyes.

Online Video Link:

https://youtu.be/jqgC2Tn7HIg
Open globe injuries from projectile impact: Initial presentation and outcomes
Authors: Scanzera Angelica C , Leiderman Yannek I , Cortina Maria S , Shorter Ellen S
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

To describe the characteristics and correlates of open globe injuries secondary to projectile injury and outcomes following surgical open globe repair at an urban tertiary referral center.

Methods:

Records of all patients with a history of open globe injury secondary to projectile injury and surgical open globe at a tertiary referral hospital between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2016 were reviewed. Demographics, type of trauma, wound extent, presence of foreign body, and presenting clinical findings are reported. Outcomes for patients with greater than 6 months of follow-up included additional surgeries, final visual acuity, and clinical findings.

Results:

Of 214 patients who underwent open globe repair, 73 (34.1%) were due to projectile impact. Mean age was 37.9 years and patients were primarily male (n = 66, P < 0.001). Most injuries resulted in globe laceration (68.5%, P < 0.001), and wound extent was zone 1 (45.2%), zone 2 (20.5%), zone 3 (27.4%), or unknown (6.8%). Associated findings included foreign body (35.6%) and orbital fracture (15%). Of 41 patients with at least 6 months of follow-up, 70% had additional surgeries following their initial surgical repair. Laceration injuries tended to be more anterior (P = 0.002) with better visual outcomes (P = 0.045) than those with globe rupture, and concomitant orbital fracture associated with poor visual outcomes. Overall, 58.5% of patients had 20/40 or better final best-corrected visual acuity.

Conclusion:

This is the largest report of open globe injury due to projectile impact. Visual prognosis in this population is very good, with most patients achieving better than 20/40 vision in our study.
Ocular features of patients with Parkinson’s disease examined at a Neuro-Optometry Clinic in a tertiary eye care center
Authors: K Kwan Singson C , Atiya Ayisha , Hussaindeen Jameel Rizwana , Praveen Smita , Ambika Selvakumar
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

To report the ocular features of patients with PD who presented with visual complaints to a tertiary eye care center.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study carried out between January 2015 and March 2020 at the Neuro-Optometry clinic of a tertiary eye care center in Southern India. All PD patients with ocular complaints examined by the neuro- ophthalmologists were referred to Neuro-Optometry Clinic for detailed evaluation. Patients with other neurodegenerative disorders, brain injury, and other causes of vision loss or extraocular motility disorders were excluded.

Results:

A total of 43 patients (7 females, 36 males) between 50 and 86 years of age (mean: 70 ± 8.9 years) with a mean duration of PD of 4.5 ± 4.5 years were studied. Decreased vision associated with reading difficulty (40%) was common in PD patients. In terms of gaze restriction, vertical gaze involvement (35%) was more than horizontal involvement (7%). Convergence insufficiency (CI) was the most common binocular vision dysfunction (30%), followed by CI with oculomotor dysfunction (14%) and vertical gaze palsy (18%). Ground prisms were recommended for 26 patients (61%) and home vision therapy for 5 patients (12%) as corrective measures.

Conclusion:

Binocular vision dysfunction is highly prevalent among PD patients. This could potentially contribute to the reading difficulties and double vision encountered by these patients. Assessment of binocular vision and oculomotor parameters thus becomes important to understand and manage the reading difficulties in patients with PD.
Managing a Child with Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis in a Remote, Rural Clinic
Authors: Nithin P. I. , Goel Gargi , Mohan Sanjana Brahmawar , Mohan Pavitra
Published: February 2022

AMRIT Clinic in Bedawal village, located about 25 km from the nearest town and 100 km from Udaipur city, serves about 3000 tribal families. In this article, we discuss the management of a child with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), who presented to us in unusual circumstances. Although PSGN is not an uncommon clinical condition, the goals of sharing this experience are threefold: sensitizing our urban counterparts to the challenges of managing such cases in the rural settings; describing the criticality of maintaining a balance between traditional beliefs and evidence-based medicine; and highlighting the value of “upstream” prevention rather than “downstream” treatment.
Insulin Edema in an Adolescent Girl with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Krishnan Rekha , Bindu S. , Riaz I. , Preethi M. S.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Insulin edema is a rare complication that can occur following either initiation or intensification of insulin treatment in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). It is an under reported condition. Awareness of this complication among physicians is important for early identification of this condition, and prompt initiation of treatment.

Clinical Description:

We present an 11-year-old girl with 2-month history of weight loss and 1-month history of polyuria and polydipsia who presented to us in moderate diabetic ketoacidosis. She developed anasarca and pulmonary edema 3 days after starting insulin. She also developed transaminitis a serum serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase of 81 U/L and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase of 83 U/L. A diagnosis of insulin edema was established after ruling out other causes like severe anemia, renal, cardiac and allergic causes. We also present a brief review of seven similar cases that we identified on a literature search.

Management and Outcome:

This included salt and fluid restriction along with diuretics. Edema resoled after 4 days of treatment, while transaminitis took 7 days to normalize.

Conclusion:

This case report highlights the importance of early recognition of the rare complication of insulin edema which can avoid unnecessary anxiety on the part of both treating physicians and parents of patients with Type 1 DM.
Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia in an Infant with Diffuse Cystic Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Tsanglao Wonashi R. , Miachieo Nounechutuo , Ao Moakumla K. , Aier Tenukala , Kikon Sulanthung
Published: February 2022

Background:

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a rare disorder causing diffuse involvement of the lung parenchyma, including cystic changes. It is generally associated with autoimmune diseases in adults and human immunodeficiency virus infection in children. Concurrent LIP with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is rare and has not been reported in the pediatric population.

Clinical Description:

An 8-month-old infant who was recently diagnosed with miliary pulmonary TB and on antitubercular treatment presented with fast breathing for 2 days. Salient examination findings were tachypnea, with oxygen saturation of 84% in room air. High-resolution computed tomography of the chest showed diffuse involvement of both lungs with bilateral cystic changes. Histopathological examination of a lung biopsy specimen was consistent with LIP.

Management:

First-line antitubercular therapy was continued as per the national guideline, and methylprednisolone pulse was administered for 3 days followed by maintenance prednisolone for 8 weeks. The child responded well clinically and was kept under close follow-up. Radiological improvement became apparent at 15-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

Presence of diffuse cystic lung disease in pulmonary TB should raise suspicion for LIP. Lung biopsy is diagnostic and should be considered in such cases.
Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess - A Rare Cause of Endocrine Hypertension
Authors: Verma Sonali , Dabadghao Preeti , Moirangthem Amita
Published: February 2022

Background:

Endocrine causes of hypertension constitute a very small percentage of patients with secondary hypertension. Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) is a rare genetic form of young-onset secondary hypertension.

Clinical Description:

We present a case of a 16-year-old boy who was diagnosed with hypertension at 5 years of age, had recurrent episodes of hypokalemic paralysis, and deranged renal function for 1 year. Hypertension was uncontrollable with multiple antihypertensive agents until an aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone) was added. Clinical history and evaluation could not identify any secondary causes of hypertension. There was no significant family history. Growth and puberty were age-appropriate.

Management and Outcome:

Endocrine workup was planned considering hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. This demonstrated hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and raised the possibility of AME and Liddle syndrome. Clinical exome sequencing revealed a probable diagnosis of AME due to a novel homozygous variant (c.911A>G) in HSD11B2 gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed heterozygosity of the same variant in both parents.

Conclusion:

A novel homozygous variant was found in HSD11B2 gene in a subject with early-onset hypertension associated with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, establishing the diagnosis of AME. The use of an algorithmic approach and individualized planning of genetic studies can help in early diagnosis. This helps clinicians to select the appropriate antihypertensive drug, attain good control, and prevent the development of end-organ damage. A high index of suspicion should be kept for AME and other hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism conditions in the case of early-onset hypertension.
Jatropha Curcas Poisoning in a Family from Rural Haryana
Authors: Choudhary Sangeeta , Gupta Surbhi , Sharma Nidhi
Published: February 2022

Background:

Jatropha curcas is a flowering plant found all over the world. It has traditionally been used for medicinal purposes and as an ornamental plant. Lately, it is being promoted for biodiesel production. Since it is a commonly grown plant with seeds that are often mistaken as edible nuts, accidental ingestion is common among children. The presence of various plant toxins results in gastrointestinal, hepatic renal cardiotoxic, and hemolytic manifestations. The general public and most pediatricians are unaware of this.

Clinical Description:

We report a case series of thirteen children who presented to the emergency department with lethargy, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea after acute ingestion of seeds of an unknown plant. The presentation varied in severity of symptoms as well as degree of dehydration, which seemed to correspond to the number of seeds consumed. The parents were asked to bring parts of the plant and the seeds were identified to belong to the Jatropha curcas plant after expert botanical consultation.

Management and Outcome:

All the children were admitted. None of them had manifestations of any specific toxidrome, however, there seemed to be isolated gastrointestinal involvement, clinically. Gastric lavage was done immediately. Intravenous fluid correction was administered based on the severity of dehydration. Supportive treatment with antiemetics and antacids was provided. Baseline investigations were planned to rule out organ dysfunction. The most common derangement was neutrophilic leukocytosis. All children recovered well without any complications or sequelae.

Conclusion:

Jatropha Curcas is a noxious plant that should not be grown in areas where children play. Unknown plant poisoning should be treated with the same gravity as any other poisonous substance. All efforts should be taken to look for indicators of a specific toxidrome in case an antidote is warranted, as well as identify the concerned plant.
Comparison of Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among the Urban and Rural Population of Bangalore, Karnataka
Authors: Bhat Nuthan , Salam Hiba , Javvaji Sushma , Chakraborty Ananya
Published: February 2022

Context and Objectives:

There is a strong urban-rural divide in India in terms of education, economic status, and availability of health care. This became more prominent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, the government emphasized on preventive aspects, especially in terms of safety practices. With this context, this study sought to evaluate and compare the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and psychological impact of COVID-19 among the urban and rural population of Bangalore to study the differential effects on both communities.

Materials and Methods:

An online questionnaire was distributed to 142 participants between December 1 and 31, 2020. The goal was to receive responses from both urban and rural population of Bangalore. Informed consent was taken from all participants. The response scores were tabulated and analyzed using statistical software.

Results and Conclusion:

A total of 138 responses were evaluated. In comparison to the urban population, there was a statistically significant link between inferior education and occupation in the rural population. (P 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between rural and urban respondents in terms of knowledge (P 0.001) and attitude (P 0.05). The rural population's COVID-19 practices and the psychological impact were shown to be worse, but this was not statistically significant. A holistic approach is required to increase the rural population's knowledge and practices to integrate them with the rest of the country and combat the COVID-19 pandemic more effectively.
Effect of automobile exhaust on pulmonary function tests among traffic police personnel in Kashmir valley
Authors: Naik Muzafar , Amin Aabid , Gani Mehfooza , Bhat Tariq Ahmed , Wani Abdul Ahad
Published: February 2022

Background:

Automobile exhaust is an important cause of air pollution, which is a leading health menace and is growing perpetually. Traffic police personnel are exposed to automobile exhaust more than anyone else, and the resulting lung involvement may be asymptomatic.

Materials and Methods:

This observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 136 traffic police personnel, aged 18–59 years, working for more than 6 months in the traffic police of Kashmir valley. In addition, 140 age- and sex-matched, healthy unexposed Kashmiri’s served as controls. Pulmonary functions were measured by RMS Helios 401 PC based spirometer.

Results:

Sixteen (11.2%) out of 136 traffic police personnel had abnormal pulmonary function test (PFT) as compared to 5 (3.6%) out of 140 controls. Traffic police personnel’s had significantly declined forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1) and forced vital capacity. Eight (5.8%) had obstructive, 7 (5.1%) had restrictive, and 1 (0.7%) traffic police personnel had mixed pattern on PFT. Duration of exposure to automobile exhaust of more than 10 years was significantly associated with pulmonary function abnormality (P = 0.038).

Conclusion:

Air pollution due to automobile exhaust may be the factor responsible for pulmonary function abnormalities in traffic police personnel. Besides protective measures during duty hours, traffic police personnel should be subjected to periodic assessment of their lung functions.