bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Morphological Characteristics of the Human Gallbladder in Relation to Age and Sex of Bangladeshi People
Authors: Rahman Khalilur , Akhter Afruza Bulbul , Anwar Selina , Begum Anjum Ara , Ahmed Sultan , Saha Narayan Chandra
Published: November 2014

Context: Variations in the morphology of the gallbladder have long been debated by the abdominal surgeons. So it is important for the surgeons to appreciate the possible anatomical variations that can be encountered during surgery to prevent post operative complications during cholecystectomy. This study was aimed at to find out any variations in the morphology of the postmortem gallbladder in adult Bangladeshi male and female to find out any difference in the gallbladder morphology in relation to age and sex. Material & methods: This study was done on sixty (60) human postmortem gallbladder from Bangladeshi male and females of two age groups- group A age between 20-40 years and group B age between 41-65 years. Among the morphological parameters length, breadth, thickness and volume of the gallbladders were measured. Result: Result of the present study showed that the mean values of gross morphological features of the gall bladder (length, breadth, thickness, volume & weight), were higher in group B than group A except the thickness in female which show somewhat higher mean value in group A than group B. The result showed significantly high value for length and volume in case of male only (p<.05) in group B than group A. When comparison were made between these values in regard of sex, it was found that males of group B showed higher mean value for all parameters than females of group B and result showed a significantly higher value for the length of gallbladder(p<.05). But in case of group A, whereas male had higher mean value for length and weight and, female had higher mean value for breadth, thickness and volume though no values were significantly different. Conclusion: The higher mean values of different parameters of the gallbladder in elderly males and also from their female counterparts of the same age groups may be due to shorter size of the females. Again some parameters showed higher values in females (breadth, thickness and volume) which may indicate the predominance of cholelithiasis in females. Again most of the values in male and female of elderly were higher than the younger groups indicate the formation of gallstones in elderly. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20676 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 81-85
Manufacture of dahi from skim milk adding mango juice
Authors: Kabir MA , Rashid MH , Hassan MN , Afroz MF , Miraz FH
Published: November 2014

The aim of this research was to prepare and evaluate the quality of dahi using skim milk fortified with 5, 10 and 15 percent of mango juice. The quality of prepared dahi was measured by organolaptic, chemical and microbiological tests. Significant difference was observed within the smell and taste score (p<0.05), the body and consistency score (p<0.01) and color and texture (p<0.05) of different types of dahi. Fat, ash and total solids content differed significantly (p<0.05) among the different types of dahi with mango juice but protein content and pH values did not differ significantly (p>0.05) among the different types of dahi with mango juice. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in case of total viable organisms count but significant difference (p<0.05) was found in case of Coliform count among the different types of dahi with mango juice. From this study it was suggested that dahi could be prepared successfully by adding different proportion of mango juice with skim milk and 10% mango juice addition showed better result.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i2.20713 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (2): 128-131
Rabies Elimination strategy of Bangladesh: Status of Implementation
Authors: Ahmed Be-Nazir , Sultana Yasmin
Published: November 2014

No AbstractDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i1.19312 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(01): 1
Comparison of Cefoxitin and Oxacillin disc diffusion test for the detection of mecA mediated methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chowdhury Durdana , Jhora Sanya Tahmina , Paul Shika , Khan Tarek Mahbub , Saha Mili Rani , Khatun Hamida
Published: November 2014

The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of cefoxitin disc diffusion test to detect methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and compare it with oxacillin disc diffusion test and detection of mecA gene by PCR.  A total 116 S. aureus were isolated from clinical samples, collected from SSMC&MH, BIRDEM and NMC hospital, and was isolated by culture and identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by oxacillin (1µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg) discs. PCR for amplification of mecA gene was performed as a gold standard method. Out of 116 isolates, 28 were PCR positive, 33 and 31 were oxacillin and cefoxitin resistant respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of MRSA was 100% and 94.31%inoxacillin disc diffusion test, and 96.42% and 95.45%in cefoxitin disc diffusion test respectively. Specificity is higher (95.45%) in cefoxitin disc diffusion test than oxacillin disc diffusion test in the detection of MRSA. Use of disc diffusion tests for both oxacillin and cefoxitin can help in more accurate prediction of methicillin resistance than single test, especially in centers which are not equipped to carry out more sophisticated tests for the detection of MRSA.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i1.19314 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(01): 7-10
Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Isolates in a Medical College Hospital of Bangladesh, 2005-2006
Authors: Mawla Nurun Nahar , Islam KM Shahidul , Lutfor Afzalunnessa Binte , Sultana Shahin
Published: November 2014

Current knowledge on antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is essential for quick and appropriate therapy. But, despite the seriousness of the problem, available data on antibiotic resistant pathogens are limited in Bangladesh. For this reason, the present study have been undertaken to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolated bacterial strains to guide the clinician in selecting the best antimicrobial agent for an individual patient and to accumulate epidemiological information for public health importance.  Isolates were identified by conventional methods from different samples of urine, blood, pus, wound swab, stool, high vaginal swab and pleural fluid from patients attending to Sir Salimullah Medical College and Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh between January 2005 and October 2006. Antimicrobials susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauers disc diffusion method and reported according to CLSI guidelines.  Of the 1592 different tested samples, 779 showed growth of pathogens, among which the most prevalent gram negative bacilli were Escherichia coli (71%) followed by Pseudomonas (8%) and Klebsiella (5%). Staphylococcus aureus (11%) was found as the most important gram positive resistant pathogens. The resistance pattern among gram negative bacilli was observed high against ampicillin, cephalexin, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Staphylococcus showed almost same trend except ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Most of the isolates were resistant to 4 or more number of antibiotics. Available antimicrobials with good activity against resistant pathogens include ceftriaxone and imipenem.  The role of fluoroquinolones in the empiric treatment of bacterial infections is also being limited by new resistance patterns and increasing resistance levels, resulting a considerable economic and health burdens on our country.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i1.19316 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(01): 15-19
Killing of Staphylococci by θ-Defensins Involves Membrane Impairment and Activation of Autolytic Enzymes
Authors: Wilmes Miriam , Stockem Marina , Bierbaum Gabriele , Schlag Martin , Götz Friedrich , Tran Dat , Schaal Justin , Ouellette André , Selsted Michael , Sahl Hans-Georg
Published: November 2014

θ-Defensins are cyclic antimicrobial peptides expressed in leukocytes of Old world monkeys. To get insight into their antibacterial mode of action, we studied the activity of RTDs (rhesus macaque θ-defensins) against staphylococci. We found that in contrast to other defensins, RTDs do not interfere with peptidoglycan biosynthesis, but rather induce bacterial lysis in staphylococci by interaction with the bacterial membrane and/or release of cell wall lytic enzymes. Potassium efflux experiments and membrane potential measurements revealed that the membrane impairment by RTDs strongly depends on the energization of the membrane. In addition, RTD treatment caused the release of Atl-derived cell wall lytic enzymes probably by interaction with membrane-bound lipoteichoic acid. Thus, the premature and uncontrolled activity of these enzymes contributes strongly to the overall killing by θ-defensins. Interestingly, a similar mode of action has been described for Pep5, an antimicrobial peptide of bacterial origin.
High Throughput Screening in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: From Drug Discovery to Functional Genomics
Authors: Gintjee Thomas , Magh Alvin , Bertoni Carmen
Published: November 2014

Centers for the screening of biologically active compounds and genomic libraries are becoming common in the academic setting and have enabled researchers devoted to developing strategies for the treatment of diseases or interested in studying a biological phenomenon to have unprecedented access to libraries that, until few years ago, were accessible only by pharmaceutical companies. As a result, new drugs and genetic targets have now been identified for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most prominent of the neuromuscular disorders affecting children. Although the work is still at an early stage, the results obtained to date are encouraging and demonstrate the importance that these centers may have in advancing therapeutic strategies for DMD as well as other diseases. This review will provide a summary of the status and progress made toward the development of a cure for this disorder and implementing high-throughput screening (HTS) technologies as the main source of discovery. As more academic institutions are gaining access to HTS as a valuable discovery tool, the identification of new biologically active molecules is likely to grow larger. In addition, the presence in the academic setting of experts in different aspects of the disease will offer the opportunity to develop novel assays capable of identifying new targets to be pursued as potential therapeutic options. These assays will represent an excellent source to be used by pharmaceutical companies for the screening of larger libraries providing the opportunity to establish strong collaborations between the private and academic sectors and maximizing the chances of bringing into the clinic new drugs for the treatment of DMD.
Computation of the Likelihood in Biallelic Diffusion Models Using Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Vogl Claus
Published: November 2014

In population genetics, parameters describing forces such as mutation, migration and drift are generally inferred from molecular data. Lately, approximate methods based on simulations and summary statistics have been widely applied for such inference, even though these methods waste information. In contrast, probabilistic methods of inference can be shown to be optimal, if their assumptions are met. In genomic regions where recombination rates are high relative to mutation rates, polymorphic nucleotide sites can be assumed to evolve independently from each other. The distribution of allele frequencies at a large number of such sites has been called “allele-frequency spectrum” or “site-frequency spectrum” (SFS). Conditional on the allelic proportions, the likelihoods of such data can be modeled as binomial. A simple model representing the evolution of allelic proportions is the biallelic mutation-drift or mutation-directional selection-drift diffusion model. With series of orthogonal polynomials, specifically Jacobi and Gegenbauer polynomials, or the related spheroidal wave function, the diffusion equations can be solved efficiently. In the neutral case, the product of the binomial likelihoods with the sum of such polynomials leads to finite series of polynomials, i.e., relatively simple equations, from which the exact likelihoods can be calculated. In this article, the use of orthogonal polynomials for inferring population genetic parameters is investigated.
The Diabetes Assistant: A Smartphone-Based System for Real-Time Control of Blood Glucose
Authors: Keith-Hynes Patrick , Mize Benton , Robert Antoine , Place Jérôme
Published: November 2014

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed and insulin must be injected daily to enable the body to metabolize glucose. Standard therapy for T1DM involves self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) several times daily with a blood glucose meter and injecting insulin via a syringe, pen or insulin pump. An “Artificial Pancreas” (AP) is a closed-loop control system that uses a continuous glucose monitor (CGM), an insulin pump and an internal algorithm to automatically manage insulin infusion to keep the subject’s blood glucose within a desired range. Although no fully closed-loop AP systems are currently commercially available there are intense academic and commercial efforts to produce safe and effective AP systems. In this paper we present the Diabetes Assistant (DiAs), an ultraportable AP research platform designed to enable home studies of Closed Loop Control (CLC) of blood glucose in subjects with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. DiAs consists of an Android (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) smartphone equipped with communication, control and user interface software wirelessly connected to a continuous glucose monitor and insulin pump. The software consists of a network of mobile applications with well-defined Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) running atop an enhanced version of Android with non-essential elements removed. CLC and safety applications receive real-time data from the CGM and pump, estimate the patient’s metabolic state and risk of hypo- and hyperglycemia, adjust the insulin infusion rate, raise alarms as needed and transmit de-identified data to a secure remote server. Some applications may be replaced by researchers wishing to conduct outpatient ambulatory studies of novel Closed Loop Control, Safety or User Interface modules. Over the past three years the DiAs platform has been used in a series of AP clinical trials sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, the Helmsley Charitable Trust and the European Union AP@Home project. Results of clinical trials using DiAs indicate that a smartphone with targeted operating system modifications and appropriate system software can be successfully used in outpatient clinical trials of FDA Class III medical devices such as Artificial Pancreas.
The Global Contribution of Outdoor Air Pollution to the Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality and Hospital Admission for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Song Qingkun , Christiani David , XiaorongWang  , Ren Jun
Published: November 2014

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the quantitative effects of outdoor air pollution, represented by 10 µg/m3 increment of PM10, on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China, United States and European Union through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Publications in English and Chinese from PubMed and EMBASE were selected. The Cochrane Review Handbook of Generic Inverse Variance was used to synthesize the pooled effects on incidence, prevalence, mortality and hospital admission. Results: Outdoor air pollution contributed to higher incidence and prevalence of COPD. Short-term exposure was associated with COPD mortality increased by 6%, 1% and 1% in the European Union, the United States and China, respectively (p < 0.05). Chronic PM exposure produced a 10% increase in mortality. In a short-term exposure to 10 µg/m3 PM10 increment COPD mortality was elevated by 1% in China (p < 0.05) and hospital admission enrollment was increased by 1% in China, 2% in United States and 1% in European Union (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Outdoor air pollution contributes to the increasing burdens of COPD.10 µg/m3 increase of PM10 produced significant condition of COPD death and exacerbation in China, United States and European Union. Controlling air pollution will have substantial benefit to COPD morbidity and mortality.
Molecular Characterization of the BMP7 Gene and Its Potential Role in Shell Formation in Pinctada martensii
Authors: Yan Fang , Luo Shaojie , Jiao Yu , Deng Yuewen , Du Xiaodong , Huang Ronglian , Wang Qingheng , Chen Weiyao
Published: November 2014

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), also called osteogenetic protein-1, can induce bone formation. In this study, the obtained full-length cDNA of BMP7 from Pinctada martensii (Pm-BMP7) was 2972 bp, including a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 294 bp, an open reading fragment of 1290 bp encoding a 429 amino acid polypeptide and a 3'-UTR of 1388 bp. The deduced protein sequence of Pm-BMP7 contained a signal peptide, a pro-domain and a mature peptide. The mature peptide consisted of 135 amino acids and included a transforming growth factor β family domain with six shared cysteine residues. The protein sequence of Pm-BMP7 showed 66% identity with that from Crassostrea gigas. Two unigenes encoding Pm-BMPRI (Pm-BMP receptor I) and Pm-BMPRII were obtained from the transcriptome database of P. martensii. Tissue expression analysis demonstrated Pm-BMP7 and Pm-BMPRI were highly expressed in the mantle (shell formation related-tissue), while Pm-BMPRII was highly expressed in the foot. After inhibiting Pm-BMP7 expression using RNA interference (RNAi) technology, Pm-BMP7 mRNA was significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05) in the mantle pallium (nacre formation related-tissue) and the mantle edge (prismatic layer formation related-tissue). The microstructure, observed using a scanning electron microscope, indicated a disordered growth status in the nacre and obvious holes in the prismatic layer in the dsRNA-Pm-BMP7 injected-group. These results suggest that Pm-BMP7 plays a crucial role in the nacre and prismatic layer formation process of the shell.
From Plasminogen to Plasmin: Role of Plasminogen Receptors in Human Cancer
Authors: Didiasova Miroslava , Wujak Lukasz , Wygrecka Malgorzata , Zakrzewicz Dariusz
Published: November 2014

Cell surface-associated proteolysis mediated by plasmin (PLA) is an essential feature of wound healing, angiogenesis and cell invasion, processes that are dysregulated in cancer development, progression and systemic spread. The generation of PLA, initiated by the binding of its precursor plasminogen (PLG) to the cell surface, is regulated by an array of activators, inhibitors and receptors. In this review, we will highlight the importance of the best-characterized components of the PLG/PLA cascade in the pathogenesis of cancer focusing on the role of the cell surface-PLG receptors (PLG-R). PLG-R overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients and resistance to chemotherapy. We will also discuss recent findings on the molecular mechanisms regulating cell surface expression and distribution of PLG-R.
Acquiring Chondrocyte Phenotype from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Inflammatory Conditions
Authors: Kondo Masahiro , Yamaoka Kunihiro , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: November 2014

An inflammatory milieu breaks down the cartilage matrix and induces chondrocyte apoptosis, resulting in cartilage destruction in patients with cartilage degenerative diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Because of the limited regenerative ability of chondrocytes, defects in cartilage are irreversible and difficult to repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are expected to be a new tool for cartilage repair because they are present in the cartilage and are able to differentiate into multiple lineages of cells, including chondrocytes. Although clinical trials using MSCs for patients with cartilage defects have already begun, its efficacy and repair mechanisms remain unknown. A PubMed search conducted in October 2014 using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: mesenchymal stromal cells, chondrogenesis, and cytokines resulted in 204 articles. The titles and abstracts were screened and nine articles relevant to “inflammatory” cytokines and “human” MSCs were identified. Herein, we review the cell biology and mechanisms of chondrocyte phenotype acquisition from human MSCs in an inflammatory milieu and discuss the clinical potential of MSCs for cartilage repair.
Enhanced Levels of Interleukin-8 Are Associated with Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Resistance to Interferon-Alpha Therapy
Authors: Yang Kai , Guan Shi-He , Zhang Hao , Pan Ying , Wu Yuan-Yuan , Wang Ai-Hua , Sun Bei-Bei
Published: November 2014

The objective of this study was to analyze the expression levels of IL-8 in serum and liver tissues from patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection and to investigate whether IL-8 may antagonize interferon-alpha (IFN-α) antiviral activity against HBV. IL-8 expression in serum was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and fluorescence-based quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure IL-8 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with CHB. IL-8 protein expression was detected in liver biopsy tissues by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the differences in serum IL-8 and PBMCs mRNA levels were also observed in patients with different anti-viral responses to IFN-α. Compared to normal controls, serum IL-8 protein and mRNA levels were increased in CHB patients, IL-8 levels were positively correlated with the severity of liver inflammation/fibrosis. Moreover, serum IL-8 protein and mRNA levels were positively correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and negatively correlated with serum prealbumin (PA) level. IL-8 expression was mainly located in portal area of liver tissues and was increased with the severity of liver inflammation and fibrosis stage. The expression serum and mRNA levels of IL-8 in the CHB patients with a complete response to IFN-α are significantly lower than that of the patients with non-response to IFN-α treatment. It is suggested that IL-8 might play important roles in the pathogenesis of CHB. Moreover, interferon resistance may be related to the up-regulation of IL-8 expression in the patients did not respond to IFN-α treatment.
A Survey of Neural Front End Amplifiers and Their Requirements toward Practical Neural Interfaces
Authors: Bharucha Eric , Sepehrian Hassan , Gosselin Benoit
Published: November 2014

When designing an analog front-end for neural interfacing, it is hard to evaluate the interplay of priority features that one must upkeep. Given the competing nature of design requirements for such systems a good understanding of these trade-offs is necessary. Low power, chip size, noise control, gain, temporal resolution and safety are the salient ones. There is a need to expose theses critical features for high performance neural amplifiers as the density and performance needs of these systems increases. This review revisits the basic science behind the engineering problem of extracting neural signal from living tissue. A summary of architectures and topologies is then presented and illustrated through a rich set of examples based on the literature. A survey of existing systems is presented for comparison based on prevailing performance metrics.
Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Induced by Photochemical Reduction of Various Copper Catalysts
Authors: Mosnáček Jaroslav , Kundys Anna , Andicsová Anita
Published: November 2014

Photochemically mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate was successfully performed using 50–400 ppm of various copper compounds such as CuSO4·5H2O, copper acetate, copper triflate and copper acetylacetonate as catalysts. The copper catalysts were reduced in situ by irradiation at wavelengths of 366–546 nm, without using any additional reducing agent. Bromopropionitrile was used as an initiator. The effects of various solvents and the concentration and structure of ligands were investigated. Well-defined polymers were obtained when at least 100 or 200 ppm of any catalyst complexed with excess tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine as a ligand was used in dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent.
Use of Satellite SAR for Understanding Long-Term Human Occupation Dynamics in the Monsoonal Semi-Arid Plains of North Gujarat, India
Authors: Conesa Francesc , Devanthéry Núria , Balbo Andrea , Madella Marco , Monserrat Oriol
Published: November 2014

This work explores the spatial distribution of monsoonal flooded areas using ENVISAT C-band Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) in the semi-arid region of N. Gujarat, India. The amplitude component of SAR Single Look Complex (SLC) images has been used to estimate the extent of surface and near-surface water dynamics using the mean amplitude (MA) of monsoonal (July to September) and post-monsoonal (October to January) seasons. The integration of SAR-derived maps (seasonal flooding maps and seasonal MA change) with archaeological data has provided new insights to understand present-day landscape dynamics affecting archaeological preservation and visibility. Furthermore, preliminary results suggest a good correlation between Mid-Holocene settlement patterns and the distribution and extension of seasonal floodable areas within river basin areas, opening interesting inroads to study settlement distribution and resource availability in past socio-ecological systems in semi-arid areas.
Electrically Insulated Sensing of Respiratory Rate and Heartbeat Using Optical Fibers
Authors: Suaste-Gómez Ernesto , Hernández-Rivera Daniel , Sánchez-Sánchez Anabel , Villarreal-Calva Elsy
Published: November 2014

Respiratory and heart rates are among the most important physiological parameters used to monitor patients’ health. It is important to design devices that can measure these parameters without risking or altering the subject’s health. In this context, a novel sensing method to monitor simultaneously the heartbeat and respiratory rate signals of patients within an electrically safety environment was developed and tested. An optical fiber-based sensor was used in order to detect two optical phenomena. Photo-plethysmography and the relation between bending radius and attenuation of optical fiber were coupled through a single beam light traveling along this fiber.
Policy Incentives for the Adoption of Electric Vehicles across Countries
Authors: Zhang Xingping , Xie Jian , Rao Rao , Liang Yanni
Published: November 2014

Electric vehicles (EVs) have prominent advantages for reducing CO2 emissions and alleviating the dependence on fossil fuel consumption in the transport sector. Therefore, many countries have set targets for EV development in recent years and have employed a number of policies to achieve environmental objectives and alleviate the energy pressure. Despite the fact that the adoption of EVs has increased in the past few years, more policies, such as financial incentives, technology support or charging infrastructure, should be made by governments to promote broader range use of EVs. In this paper, we review the relevant policies that different countries may adopt for stimulating the market of EVs. Based on this, we analyze the relationship between the policies and the adoption of EVs by taking America as an example. In conclusion, some effective policies are summarized to spur the market. Therefore, each country should learn from each other and employ effective policies based on the actual situation.
Correction: Forrester, N.L.; Coffey, L.L.; Weaver, S.C. Arboviral Bottlenecks and Challenges to Maintaining Diversity and Fitness during Mosquito Transmission. Viruses 2014, 6, 3991–4004
Authors: Forrester Naomi , Coffey Lark , Weaver Scott
Published: November 2014

In the original manuscript, Forrester, N.L.; Coffey, L.L.; Weaver, S.C. Arboviral Bottlenecks and Challenges to Maintaining Diversity and Fitness during Mosquito Transmission. Viruses 2014, 6, 3991–4004, Figure 1 contains an error, the third bottle was absent from the figure:[...]
Understanding Irrigator Bidding Behavior in Australian Water Markets in Response to Uncertainty
Authors: Zuo Alec , Brooks Robert , Wheeler Sarah , Harris Edwyna , Bjornlund Henning
Published: November 2014

Water markets have been used by Australian irrigators as a way to reduce risk and uncertainty in times of low water allocations and rainfall. However, little is known about how irrigators’ bidding trading behavior in water markets compares to other markets, nor is it known what role uncertainty and a lack of water in a variable and changing climate plays in influencing behavior. This paper studies irrigator behavior in Victorian water markets over a decade (a time period that included a severe drought). In particular, it studies the evidence for price clustering (when water bids/offers end mostly around particular numbers), a common phenomenon present in other established markets. We found that clustering in bid/offer prices in Victorian water allocation markets was influenced by uncertainty and strategic behavior. Water traders evaluate the costs and benefits of clustering and act according to their risk aversion levels. Water market buyer clustering behavior was mostly explained by increased market uncertainty (in particular, hotter and drier conditions), while seller-clustering behavior is mostly explained by strategic behavioral factors which evaluate the costs and benefits of clustering.
Hector chez les Bienheureux. Matière de Troie et matière de Thèbes dans l’Alexandra de Lycophron
Authors: Hurst André
Published: November 2014

Dans l’Alexandra de Lycophron, il est dit d’Hector qu’il sera transporté après sa mort dans les «îles des Bienheureux » . Or, ce lieu est censé se trouver à Thèbes de Béotie. Lycophron, manifestement, n’invente pas cette version des faits, mais il l’utilise dans une vision cohérente de son poème, une perspective dans laquelle la Béotie joue un rôle essentiel. Les segments béotiens ou les mentions furtives de la Béotie dans l’Alexandra permettent de montrer chez Lycophron tout à la fois la fonction unificatrice de la Béotie dans le poème (Ulysse et Hector, les deux pires adversaires devant Troie, s’y trouvent rattachés l’un et l’autre), et la possibilité que le poète se donne ainsi d’imbriquer matière de Thèbes et matière de Troie.
Une épopée au féminin. La question des genres dans le livre III des Argonautiques d’Apollonios de Rhodes
Authors: Daniel-Müller Bénédicte
Published: November 2014

In the third Book of his Argonautica, Apollonius Rhodius deeply modifi es sexual stereotypes inherited from the archaic epic tradition in order to give a more important place and a more positive status to feminity. Important changes in the epic sphere and in the way of writing it result from this renewal of genders. Furthermore they are not to be read as a simple way to adapt the epic themes to the new political and social norms of the Hellenistic age but they are deliberately showed by the poet as part of the generic experimentations that distinguish his poem from the epic tradition considered as a mixed genre. However, as he programmatically announced it in the Lemnos episode in Book I, Apollonius also wonders about the validity of such experimentations and finally shows their limits.
Alcuni interventi diretti di Apollonio Rodio nelle Argonautiche
Authors: Manuello Patrick
Published: November 2014

Allant à l’encontre du bien documenté caractère impersonnel de la poésie épique archaïque, Apollonios de Rhodes rompt délibérément avec cette convention dans certains passages de son poème, afin de commenter faits et actions. Bien que ces interventions n’apportent aucun élément utile à la reconstitution de la biographie du poète, Apollonios semble faire preuve d’une vision nettement pessimiste de la vie, de l’amour et, plus généralement, de la condition humaine. En outre, l’auteur emprunte probablement à Pindare la technique narrative du break-off formulas (ou en faisant appel à la terminologie allemande, Abbruchsformeln), en apportant ainsi une contribution originale au renouveau de la poésie épique traditionnelle.
La panoplie de Persée : fonctions de l’objet-attribut
Authors: Clo Magdeleine
Published: November 2014

Perseus’ panoply : the function of the attributes

The object is defined as an essential part of the outfit of a character and identifies him. The history of this object (clothes, accessories, weapon, etc.) is tied to him. What role plays the object in the mythological episode then ? How can it become an attribute ? Perseus is a hero who is surrounded by many objects when performing his exploits : the winged sandals of Hermes, the helmet of Hades, a bag (the kibisis), a shield and a sickle (the harpè). But these objects are not there by chance. If they seem redundant to readers of the myths, that is that they each have a specific role and function. It is precisely Perseus’ particular use of these objects that allows his victory over the Gorgon and this is why it is precisely the objects that mark the reader when he imagines Perseus with the Gorgon or with Andromeda. Objects surrounding the mythological character cannot be neglected and have a special significance : they build up Perseus as a hero.
Procuste et son lit dans la littérature et la céramique antique : lectures symboliques
Authors: Boulic Nicolas
Published: November 2014

Procrustes’ Bed in Ancient Literature and Vases : some symbolic readings In this paper, we focus on Procrustes’ bed, as it is the object that seems specific to this brigand among all the noxious creatures Theseus has had to face along the road from Troezen to Athens. We attempt to demonstrate that nothing is easy as far as this myth is concerned : the brigand’s name may vary according to the literary sources ; the number of bed(s) varies too and some sources do not even mention its existence. Procrustes’ bed is indeed mentioned only from a late date on : Diodorus is the first literary text to evoke it and it is depicted on vases only from 440 B. C. We have then to consider this as a symbol rather than as a piece of furniture. We can distinguish three main symbolic readings about it. First, the murdering of Procrustes by Theseus is read as a work of justice and civilization by all the written sources. Theseus clearly imitates a mighty cousin of his : Herakles. Secondly, we think that there is a link between the destruction of Procustes by Theseus and the defense of Xenia as a specifically Attic moral value. Indeed, if the brigand was an innkeeper, he inevitably trampled the right of strangers to be welcomed in Attica. Finally, Aristophanes warns us about the erotic dimension of the bed. This piece of furniture has something to say about breeding. Indeed, whether Theseus is Poseidon’s or Egeus’ son, these two men have some advantage to gain from Procrustes’ murdering as their bloodline gets purer thereafter.
Usages sournois du don et objets mortifères chez Sophocle
Authors: Müller Frank
Published: November 2014

Insidious uses of the gift and deadly objects in Sophocles’ tragedies

This article looks at the gift of objects in Sophocles. Numerous objects can be found in the plays of the tragedian, and they serve many functions ; they can be deadly and, in the semantic context of the plot (war, ritual, funeral, for instance), they can carry important values for their owner. Beside these functions, the way the objects are given as a legacy, or as a gift is also significant. In Ajax on the one hand the gift of the sword leads to the death of the hero and on the other the gift of the shield signifies the transmission of the father’s heroic values to the son. In the Trachiniae the gift of the peplos in the context of the sacrifice and the bestial world is the answer to the «gift » of Iole by Heracles, fi rst to Deianeira then to Hyllos in the context of the wedding, as an «object » linked to the power or Eros. In Electra the gift of the facticious urn allows Orestes to unfold his identity and the urn represents the peak of the mise en abîme of tragic fi ction ; Clytemnestra’s offerings bring to light the opposition between language and non verbal signs. In Philoctetes the restitution of the bow to the hero puts an end to Ulysse’s trickery and echoes the previous gift by its fi rst owner, Heracles. These transactions, when deadly, are mostly linked to a trickery or a contrivance (μηχανή ) and are caracterized by a reciprocity (χάρις), which is false or unbalanced. In this context objects can be agents and express intentions which go beyond the action of the protagonists who handle them.
Une chair exsangue
Authors: Foloppe Virginie
Published: November 2014

Résumé Le silence de Lorna de Jean-Pierre et Luc Dardenne met en scène la grossesse fictive que Lorna s’invente suite à la disparition de Claudy. La perte de l’être aimé engendre une mélancolie qui s’appréhende dans une dépersonnalisation de la chair féminine. Est analysée la manière qu’ont les cinéastes de rendre présente la relation à l’absent, et de parler de leur création, soit d’une chair masculine qui crée, par l’intermédiaire de l’enfantement de Lorna, qui devient leur ego alter .
La vaporisation du corps amoureux dans Le Sylphe de Crébillon fils
Authors: Cosker Christophe
Published: November 2014

Résumé Considéré comme un auteur érotique, Crébillon fils ne met pourtant pas en scène des corps charnels dont il décrit les ébats. Bien au contraire, il s’intéresse à des corps amoureux plus intéressants, comme en témoigne son premier texte intitulé Le Sylphe. Ce texte liminaire met en scène un corps doublement subtil en ce qu’il est aérien et en ce qu’il se dérobe aux ébats. Le corps amoureux chez Crébillon fils est donc un corps sensuel et sensible qui se dérobe pourtant au moment de l’amour.
Santiago : un modèle contesté de fabrication néolibérale de la ville
Authors: Cattaneo Pineda Rodrigo
Published: November 2014

Depuis plus de deux décennies, Santiago expérimente de nouvelles modalités de régulation de la croissance urbaine. Dans le centre-ville, les autorités publiques ont encouragé le développement de l’activité immobilière afin d’inverser la tendance au dépeuplement des quartiers historiques. En périphérie, l’étalement urbain a cessé d’être combattu pour devenir l’objet d’une négociation sur le co-financement des frais engendrés par la périurbanisation. Santiago est ainsi devenu un exemple de gestion de la production urbaine à travers le marché. Toutefois, la « coalition de croissance » formée par la haute fonction publique et l’industrie immobilière affronte aujourd’hui le défi d’un mouvement social urbain en pleine recomposition. De nouvelles organisations revendiquent le droit à décider du sort de leur environnement urbain. Se pose alors la question de comment concilier l’impératif du maintien de l’activité économique et la demande d’une démocratisation réelle de la gouvernance métropolitaine.
Les ressources de l'État révolutionnaire : des titres au long cours dans les familles mexicaines
Authors: Michel Aurélia
Published: November 2014

Depuis la Révolution de 1917, l’Etat mexicain a redistribué des ressources sur son territoire, y compris dans les zones rurales du Sud-Est considérées comme les plus pauvres : sous forme de terres agricoles, ou encore d’emplois publics dans l’éducation ou l’industrie du pétrole. Nous observons ici comment, dans la région de Tehuantepec, ces ressources continuent indirectement d’organiser la subsistance des familles. L’article s’appuie sur différents exemples de familles disposant d’un emploi à PEMEX, l’entreprise pétrolière nationale, et analyse leur trajectoire sur trois générations. Il montre ainsi comment les bénéficiaires de la réforme agraire comme les employés de PEMEX sont devenus, au fur et à mesure de la raréfaction de ces ressources, des titulaires, transmettant leur titre à la génération suivante, ou bien le faisant valoir sur un marché local. Ces titres, devenus peu nombreux et insuffisants pour la subsistance de la génération suivante, s’articulent aujourd’hui à des projets de mobilités dans lesquels les familles, pour les conserver, maintiennent des points d’ancrage fort dans la région de départ.
Determination of chlorine in concretes by X ray fluorescence methods
Authors: Sagrera J. L. , Bacle B.
Published: November 2014

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Quick hardening of concrete for the purpose of carrying out short time control tests
Authors: Berio A.
Published: November 2014

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Protection against corrosion in reinforced and prestressed concretes
Authors: Soretz S.
Published: November 2014

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Heterogeneities in the chemical composition of concrete
Authors: Calleja J. , Triviño F. , Bacle B.
Published: November 2014

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Influence of setting retarders on concrete shrinkage
Authors: Laleman Ch.
Published: November 2014

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Tests on the automation of rotary kilns with heat exchangers in gas suspension
Authors: Gortz W.
Published: November 2014

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Influence of revibration on the properties of hardened cement pastes and concretes
Authors: Avram C. , Voina N. , Mirsu O.
Published: November 2014

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Formation of eflorescent salts during burning
Authors: Schmidt E.
Published: November 2014

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Regularities in the influence exerted by mineralising agents on the manufacturing process of white Portland cement clinker
Authors: Ponomorew I. F. Ponomorew F. , Gratschjon A. N. , Subechin A. P.
Published: November 2014

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On the activation of cement by vibration
Authors: Knape G. , Kolling W. , Schumann H. , Hennek H. , Schrader R.
Published: November 2014

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Automation problems in the design of a modern cement plant
Authors: Batier R.
Published: November 2014

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Stages in the final computer control of cement kilns
Authors: Skull A.
Published: November 2014

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Results of measurements of cement plant dust
Authors: Funke G. , Fischer H. A.
Published: November 2014

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Infrared spectrometry. A research technique in cement chemistry
Authors: Vázquez Moreno T.
Published: November 2014

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International symposia on cement chemistry
Authors: Calleja J.
Published: November 2014

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Testing hardened Portland cement concrete by microscopy
Authors: Fernández París J. M. , Baquedano Coll C. F.
Published: November 2014

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Requirements of prepared concrete as regards transport, placing and compacting
Authors: Weber R.
Published: November 2014

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Styropor lightweight concrete
Authors: Hohwiller F. , Kohling K.
Published: November 2014

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Initial calculation of the compression strength of concrete from the compression strength of normalized cement mortar, according to DIN 1 164 E (ISO test method)
Authors: Wischers Gerd
Published: November 2014

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Quality test of soil cement work
Authors: Springenschmidt R. , Sommer H.
Published: November 2014

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Determinación of grinding aptness and specific energy consumption according to Bond's test for the grinding of minerals and rocks
Authors: Wasmuth H. D.
Published: November 2014

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Determination of sulphates in cements and gypsum
Authors: Basargin N. N. , Akimova T. G.
Published: November 2014

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Use of infrared absorption spectroscopy in solving certain problems arising in cement chemistry
Authors: Vázquez Moreno T.
Published: November 2014

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Le Chatelier-Anstett test
Authors: Sagrera J. L.
Published: November 2014

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Quick determination of free lime: modification of the Franke and Schlaepfer- Bukowski methods
Authors: Massazza F. , Francardi M. T.
Published: November 2014

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Specification of minimum strengths may be useful
Authors: Cordon William A.
Published: November 2014

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Tensile test on bricks
Authors: Thomas K. , O´Leary D. C.
Published: November 2014

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Internal corrosion of the steel shell of rotary cement kilns
Authors: Calleja J. Calleja
Published: November 2014

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Developments in refractory materials for the cement industry
Authors: Opitz D.
Published: November 2014

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Quality control by statistical methods
Authors: Noble R.
Published: November 2014

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Influence of the gas medium in the properties and phase composition of white Portland cement clinker
Authors: Ponomarew Iwan F.
Published: November 2014

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Application of the Takashima method to the study and separation of the aluminaferric phases of clinker
Authors: Triviño Vázquez F.
Published: November 2014

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Relation between the water-cement ratio, the normalised strength of concrete (DIN 1164, June 1970) and concrete strength under compression
Authors: Walz Kurt
Published: November 2014

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Stress distribution in the structural system consisting of wall-mortar-brlck-enamel
Authors: Dietzel A. , Oel H. J.
Published: November 2014

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Evolution of pyrrhotite oxidation in aggregates for concrete
Authors: Oliveira I. , Cavalaro S. H.P. , Aguado A.
Published: November 2014

Rocks containing pyrrhotite bands are sometimes used to produce concrete. These rocks oxidize and produce long-term expansive reactions that damage concrete structures, leading to important economic and risk related repercussions. The present study analyses several aspects that affect the oxidation process of the aggregate such as the existence of preferential paths for the entrance of the oxidizing agent and the conversion process of the chemical elements involved in the reaction. For that, host rock samples containing pyrrhotite were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results shows that the pyrrhotite appears in bands that create planes of weakness and present cracks that serve as preferential paths for the entrance of oxygen. Furthermore, a new representation is proposed for the oxidation process.
Acute Iodine Toxicity from a Suspected Oral Methamphetamine Ingestion
Authors: Bulloch Marilyn N.
Published: November 2014

Background

Iodine is a naturally occurring element commercially available alone or in a multitude of products. Iodine crystals and iodine tincture are used in the production of methamphetamine. Although rarely fatal, iodine toxicity from oral ingestion can produce distressing gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic symptoms, such as hypotension and tachycardia, from subsequent hypovolemia.

Objective

The objective of this case report is to describe a case of iodine toxicity from suspected oral methamphetamine ingestion.

Case Report

A male in his early 20′s presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, chills, fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea after orally ingesting a substance suspected to be methamphetamine. The patient had elevated levels of serum creatinine, liver function tests, and bands on arrival, which returned to within normal limits by day 4 of admission. Based on the patient's narrow anion gap, halogen levels were ordered on day 3 and indicated iodine toxicity. This is thought to be the first documented case of iodine toxicity secondary to suspected oral methamphetamine abuse.

Conclusion

Considering that the incidence of methamphetamine abuse is expected to continue to rise, clinicians should be aware of potential iodine toxicity in a patient with a history of methamphetamine abuse.