bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infertility Among Counselor Education and Supervision Doctoral students: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Ansell Andrew , Tadros Eman
Published: October 2022

Objective: This literature review focuses on Counselor Education and Supervision of female doctoral students. Issues of access and medical care coverage will be examined to give insight into the form of care that is available. Background: Previous literature has documented that age is the biggest predictor of fertility success. Females are disproportionately affected by infertility, especially women obtaining advanced degrees. Methods: An extensive review of the literature was conducted, and clinical implications were derived. Results: Students’ needs and goals are the links between education and realizing reproductive aims. Counselors are often initial resources for information and referrals and are well-positioned to impact clients. Conclusion: Therefore, it is important for counselors to understand the disparity in access to fertility care to help clients overcome barriers to care and advocate for change.
Inferior vena cava perforation during percutaneous filter removal
Authors: Hicks Adam C , Sangroula Daisy , Dwivedi Amit J , Wayne Erik J , Sigdel Abindra
Published: October 2022

Background

Percutaneous Inferior Venacava (IVC) filter retrieval can be challenging when the filter is grossly angulated, embedded in the wall or penetrates through the IVC. When conventional filter removal technique fails, the use of advanced retrieval techniques often improves the chances of percutaneous filter retrieval. These techniques, however, are associated with a high rate of complications.

Methods

We report a case of 26-year-old female who had IVC filter placed on postpartum day 4. Attempted percutaneous filter retrieval 3 weeks later with loop snare technique and endobronchial forceps assisted filter removal technique resulted in gross filter deformity, malposition, and IVC perforation.

Result

Open IVC filter removal was performed with midline laparotomy and cavotomy with lateral venorrhapy. The deformed filter along with adherent thrombus was completely removed. The patient had an uneventful recovery with no immediate or long-term complications.

Conclusion

Use of advanced endovascular IVC filter retrieval techniques could result in serious complications like filter fracture, migration and IVC perforation. Since excessive tilt of the filter at the time of placement often results in difficult retrieval, it is important to ensure proper deployment of the filter with minimal tilt. If encountered with excessively tilted or embedded filter, one should refrain from excessive manipulation of the filter and consider open filter removal.
Domestic constraints in crisis bargaining
Authors: Liu Liqun
Published: October 2022

This paper analyzes an agency model of crisis bargaining where two states have private information about war payoffs. In the model, two leaders bargain on behalf of their own states. Importantly, owing to political bias and audience costs, a leader’s war payoff and peace payoff differ from those of her state at large. I establish general results about leaders’ bargaining strategies and the possibility of peaceful resolution. By examining incentive compatibility constraints, I show that in any equilibrium that has zero probability of costly war, a leader’s payoff net of audience costs cannot vary with their private information. After that, I identify the size of resource necessary to appease both states. If this necessary condition holds, which is affected by political bias, there exist properly specified audience costs that guarantee peaceful bargaining outcomes.
The effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on stress and anxiety of women with premature ovarian insufficiency: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shabani Fatemeh , Farvareshi Mahmoud , Hamdi Kobra , Sadeghzadeh Oskouei Behnaz , Montazeri Maryam , Mirghafourvand Mojgan
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on stress and anxiety (primary outcomes) and self-esteem and depression (secondary outcomes) in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This randomized controlled trial was performed on 50 women known with POI in Tabriz, Iran, in 2021. Participants were randomly assigned to CBT and control groups. CBT was provided in eight sessions of 45–60 min once a week with five to seven people. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used to collect data. After intervention, based on ANCOVA test by adjusting the baseline values, mean scores of stress (AMD: −10.97; 95% CI: −11.64 to −10.29), state anxiety (AMD: −14.76; 95% CI: −15.77 to −13.74), trait anxiety (AMD: −14.41; 95% CI: −15.47 to −13.74), and depression (AMD: −7.44; 95% CI: −8.41 to −6.46) were significantly lower in the CBT group compared to the control group. Also, mean score of self-esteem (AMD: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.06–1.92) was significantly higher in the CBT group compared to the control group. Regarding the effectiveness of CBT in promoting of mental health, it is suggested that healthcare providers use this method to improve mental health of women with POI.

Trial registration

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20120718010324N64. Date of registration: 14/02/2021. URL: https://en.irct.ir/user/trial/52024/view; date of first registration: 17/02/2021.
An Examination of Related Factors of Mathematical Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Elementary School Teachers: Focusing on Conceptions of Teaching and Learning and Test Utilization Strategy
Authors: Fukaya Tatsushi , Suzuki Masayuki , Ozawa Ikumi , Nakagoshi Takumi
Published: October 2022

We examined the relationship between pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) test scores and elementary school teachers’ psychological variables, conceptions of teaching and learning and test utilization strategy, for mathematics. Through a web-based survey, participants responded to a six-item descriptive PCK test and to inventories of conceptions of teaching and learning and test utilization strategy. Data from 297 elementary school teachers were analyzed for associations with PCK scores. The results showed that constructivist conceptions and test utilization strategy were positively correlated with PCK test scores, and traditional conceptions were negatively correlated. In addition, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that traditional conception and test utilization strategy each showed unique associations with the PCK test. These results suggest the importance of teachers’ beliefs and test utilization strategies as related variables of teachers’ PCK.
Turning towards discomfort in postdevelopmental approaches to childhood art: The potentials of multimodal mediated discourse Analysis
Authors: Sakr Mona
Published: October 2022

Postdevelopmental approaches to childhood art aim to go beyond the constraining parameters and trajectories of the dominant paradigm of developmentalism. Postdevelopmental researchers embrace methods that enable us to engage more fully with children’s art-making by actively turning towards aspects of the experience that may be uncomfortable or disruptive. Multimodal mediated discourse analysis (MMDA) is a methodological tool that can be used as a way to tune into ‘pivots’ in the action of children’s art-making. In doing this, MMDA can be used as a means to provoke a wider and richer discussion of children’s art-making. In this article, I show how working with MMDA can deepen our dialogues about taboo, disgust, mess, cleanliness, waste and scarcity in relation to children’s art-making.
Treatment of congenital thrombocytopenia and decreased collagen reactivity in G6b-B–deficient mice
Authors: Mazharian Alexandra , Maître Blandine , Bornert Alicia , Hennequin Desline , Lourenco-Rodrigues Marc , Geer Mitchell J. , Smith Christopher W. , Heising Silke , Walter Michaela , Montel Florian , Walker Lucy S. K. , de la Salle Henri , Watson Steve P. , Gachet Christian , Senis Yotis A.
Published: October 2022

Mice lacking the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-containing co-inhibitory receptor G6b-B (Mpig6b, G6b knockout, KO) are born with a complex megakaryocyte (MK) per platelet phenotype, characterized by severe macrothrombocytopenia, expansion of the MK population, and focal myelofibrosis in the bone marrow and spleen. Platelets are almost completely devoid of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-FcRγ-chain collagen receptor complex, have reduced collagen integrin α2β1, elevated Syk tyrosine kinase activity, and a subset has increased surface immunoglobulins. A similar phenotype was recently reported in patients with null and loss-of-function mutations in MPIG6B. To better understand the cause and treatment of this pathology, we used pharmacological- and genetic-based approaches to rescue platelet counts and function in G6b KO mice. Intravenous immunoglobulin resulted in a transient partial recovery of platelet counts, whereas immune deficiency did not affect platelet counts or receptor expression in G6b KO mice. Syk loss-of-function (R41A) rescued macrothrombocytopenia, GPVI and α2β1 expression in G6b KO mice, whereas treatment with the Syk kinase inhibitor BI1002494 partially rescued platelet count but had no effect on GPVI and α2β1 expression or bleeding. The Src family kinase inhibitor dasatinib was not beneficial in G6b KO mice. In contrast, treatment with the thrombopoietin mimetic romiplostim rescued thrombocytopenia, GPVI expression, and platelet reactivity to collagen, suggesting that it may be a promising therapeutic option for patients lacking functional G6b-B. Intriguingly, GPVI and α2β1 expression were significantly downregulated in romiplostim-treated wild-type mice, whereas GPVI was upregulated in romiplostim-treated G6b KO mice, suggesting a cell intrinsic feedback mechanism that autoregulates platelet reactivity depending on physiological needs.
Failure pattern and suggestions for target volume delineation of carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Kong Fang-Fang , Pan Guang-Sen , Zhai Rui-Ping , Du Cheng-Run , He Xia-Yun , Shen Chun-Ying , Lu Xue-Guan , Sun Tuan-Qi , Wang Yu , Ji Qing-Hai , Hu Chao-Su , Ying Hong-Mei
Published: October 2022

Background

To review our long-term clinical experience, analyze the failure patterns, and give suggestions for target volume delineation of carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods

From April 2008 to May 2019, 30 patients with CASTLE treated by postoperative or radical IMRT in our center were retrospectively reviewed. A total dose of 56-60 Gy in 28–30 fractions was prescribed to patients without residual disease and 66 Gy in 33 fractions for patients with residual or unresectable disease. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Treatment-related toxicities were graded by National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) version 4.0.

Results

Among the 30 patients, 12 (40%) received partial resection or biopsy. Lateral lymph node metastasis was observed in 7 (23.3%) patients. During follow-up, regional lymph node recurrence occurred in 2 patients and distant metastasis in 5 patients. With a median follow-up time of 63.5 months, the 5-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 100, 88.9, 78.9, 93.1 and 78.9%, respectively. For patients with no lateral neck node metastasis, prophylactic radiotherapy for lateral neck nodal regions failed to improve RRFS (p = 0.381) and OS (p = 0.153).

Conclusion

Distant metastasis was the major failure pattern for CASTLE after surgery and IMRT. For patients with no lateral neck node metastasis, the omission of irradiation for lateral neck nodal regions seems to be safe and feasible.
Age in combination with gender is a valuable parameter in differential diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary tumors and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm
Authors: Wu Leshuang , Zou Tianle , Shi Dan , Cheng Huan , Shahbaz Muhammad , Umar Muhammad , Li Tianfeng , Zhang Xianbin , Gong Peng , Wei Yushan
Published: October 2022

Background

The clinicopathological characteristics of solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (pNEN) are different. We, therefore, systematically investigated the performance of the clinicopathological characteristics in distinguishing SPT from pNEN.

Methods

We collected the cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) for tumors was used to identify patients with pNEN or patients with SPT. To determine the performance of age in combination with gender in distinguishing SPT from pNEN, a nomogram was developed and the performance of this nomogram was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

In the training cohort, 563 patients with pNENs and 30 patients with SPTs were recruited. The logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves suggest that age, gender, T-stage, N-stage, and M-stage could discriminate SPT and pNEN. The AUC of age, gender, T-stage, N-stage, and M-stage was 0.82, 0.75, 0.65, 0.69, and 0.70, respectively. Based on the nomogram, we observed that the AUC of age and gender is significantly high than that of the T-stage, N-stage, and M-stage.

Conclusions

The present study proposes a non-invasive nomogram that could aid in the differential diagnosis of pNEN and SPT. This might help the clinicians to distinguish SPT from pNEN and choose the appropriate treatments for the patients.
Hotspots and determinants of women’s discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV; evidence from ethiopian demographic and health survey data
Authors: Muluneh Atalay Goshu , Merid Mehari Woldemariam , Kassa Getahun Molla , Bitew Desalegn Anmut , Ferede Menberesibhat Getie
Published: October 2022

Background

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the major public health concern in Ethiopia with more profound effect on women. Discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV (PLWH) impose a significant impact on patient outcomes and related issues. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the hotspot areas and determinant factors of women’s discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV.

Methods

An in-depth secondary data analysis was conducted based on Ethiopian demographic and health survey (EDHS) 2016. A total of weighed 13,822 reproductive-age women were included in the analysis. The non-spatial analysis was conducted using Stata 16. A mixed effect multi-level logistic regression model was fitted to identify determinant factors of discriminatory attitude towards PLWH. A p-value < 0.2 and 0.05 were used as a cut-off point to declare statistical significance for the bi- and multi-variable regression models, respectively. Four separate models i.e. the null, individual, community level model, and a fourth combined model were fitted. Model comparison was done using deviance. Random effect parameters such as correlation coefficient, median odds ratio, and proportional change in variance were used to explain the variation between and within clusters. Global and local level spatial analyses were conducted using Global Moran’s index, GetisOrd Gi* statistics, and Spatial scan statistics were conducted.

Results

The magnitude of women’s discriminatory attitude towards PLWH was 62.66% (95%CI: 60.12, 65.10). The discriminatory attitude of women towards PLWH was spatially clustered (Moran’s index = 0.41, P < 0.01). The hotspots of discriminatory attitude towards PLWH were detected in most parts of the Tigray region; Northern, and southeast borders of the Amhara region; Addis Ababa city; Central, Southern, and western Oromiya region; and East, south, and northeastern parts of South Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR). Being rural resident, and having no media exposure were positively associated while better educational statuses, better wealth index, unmarried, having comprehensive HIV knowledge, Orthodox religion fellow, and ever being tested for HIV were negatively associated with women’s discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV.

Conclusion

Discriminatory attitude of women towards PLWH was high in Ethiopia. Hotspots were detected in Amhara, Oromiya, SNNPR, Tigray regions, and Addis Ababa city. Socio-demographic, socio-economic, and HIV knowledge-related factors determine the women’s discriminatory attitude towards PLWH.
Impact of hypoglycemia at the time of hospitalization for heart failure from emergency department on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with and without type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cha Seon-Ah , Yun Jae-Seung , Kim Gee-Hee , Ahn Yu-Bae
Published: October 2022

Background

Few studies have examined the association between hypoglycemic episodes among people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at the time of hospitalization for heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods

From March 2016 to June 2018, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate hypoglycemia during HF hospitalization in the emergency department, three-point major adverse cardiovascular events (3P-MACE), and all-cause mortality; these were followed up through June 2021. HF hospitalization was defined according to American Heart Association criteria. Hypoglycemia was defined as a glucose level < 3.9 mmol/L at the time of HF hospitalization. We classified the enrolled patients into three groups (reference group, those without T2DM or hypoglycemia; those diagnosed with T2DM without hypoglycemia; and those with hypoglycemia and T2DM). We used Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to investigate the association between the three groups and the development of the first occurrence of 3P-MACE and all-cause mortality.

Results

During a median of 25 months of follow-up, a total of 783 patients admitted due to HF were analyzed. In total, 159 (20.3%) cases of 3P-MACE were identified, and the mortality rate was 20.2% (n = 158). The median age of patients was 76.0 (65.0–82.0) years, and 49.0% were men. Patients with 3P-MACE had a lower body mass index (22.6 [20.4–25.1] vs. 23.8 [21.3–26.7]), higher frequency of previous history of HF (24.5% vs. 15.7%), T2DM (64.2% vs. 47.3%), higher rates of hypoglycemia at the time of HF hospitalization (19.5% vs. 7.7%), and lower eGFR levels (61.1 [36.0–80.7] mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 69.2 [45.8–89.5] mL/min/1.73 m2) than those without 3P-MACE. The multivariable adjusted HR of 3P-MACE was as follows: group with hypoglycemia and T2DM: HR, 2.29; 95% CI: 1.04–5.06; group with T2DM without hypoglycemia: HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 0.86–2.33; and all-cause mortality group with hypoglycemia and T2DM: HR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.26–5.31, group with T2DM without hypoglycemia: HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.81–2.16; compared to the reference group (group without T2DM or hypoglycemia).

Conclusions

T2DM and hypoglycemia are independent risk factors for 3P-MACE and all-cause mortality compared to those without hypoglycemia during HF hospitalization.
Thoracolumbar fascia mobility and chronic low back pain: Phase 2 of a pilot and feasibility study including multimodal chiropractic care
Authors: Vining Robert , Onifer Stephen M. , Twist Elissa , Ziegler Anna-Marie , Corber Lance , Long Cynthia R.
Published: October 2022

Background

Thoracolumbar fascia mobility observed with ultrasound imaging and calculated as shear strain is lower in persons with chronic low back pain. This pilot and feasibility trial assessed thoracolumbar shear strain in persons with chronic low back pain following spinal manipulation and over an 8-week course of multimodal chiropractic care.

Methods

Adults self-reporting chronic low back pain ≥ 1 year participated between September 2019 and April 2021 in a trial using ultrasound imaging to measure thoracolumbar shear strain. Ultrasound imaging occurred 2–3 cm lateral to L2-3 while participants relaxed prone on an automated table moving the lower extremities downward 15 degrees, for 5 cycles at 0.5 Hz. Pain intensity on an 11-point numerical rating scale, disability, pain interference, and global improvement were also collected. Participants received 8-weeks of twice-weekly chiropractic care including spinal manipulation, education, exercise, self-management advice and myofascial therapies. Shear strain was computed using 2 methods. The highest shear strain from movement cycles 2, 3, or 4 was averaged over right and left sides for each participant. Alternately, the highest shear strain from movement cycle 3 was used. All data were analyzed over time using mixed-effects models. Estimated mean changes are reported.

Results

Of 20 participants completing 8-weeks of chiropractic care (female n = 11), mean (SD) age was 41 years (12.6); mean BMI was 28.5 (6.2). All clinical outcomes improved at 8-weeks. Mean (95% confidence interval) pain intensity decreased 2.7 points (− 4.1 to − 1.4) for females and 2.1 points (− 3.7 to 0.4) for males. Mean Roland–Morris disability score decreased by 5 points (− 7.2 to − 2.8) for females, 2.3 points (− 4.9 to 0.2) for males. Mean PROMIS pain interference T-score decreased by 8.7 points (− 11.8 to − 5.5) for females, 5.6 points (− 9.5 to − 1.6) for males. Mean shear strain at 8-weeks increased in females 5.4% (− 9.9 to 20.8) or 15% (− 0.5 to 30.6), decreasing in males 6.0% (− 24.2 to 12.2) or 2% (− 21.0 to 16.8) depending on computational method.

Conclusion

Spinal manipulation does not likely disrupt adhesions or relax paraspinal muscles enough to immediately affect shear strain. Clinical outcomes improved in both groups, however, shear strain only increased in females following 8-weeks of multimodal chiropractic care.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov registration is NCT03916705.
An unsupervised image segmentation algorithm for coronary angiography
Authors: Yin Zong-Xian , Xu Hong-Ming
Published: October 2022

Computer visual systems can rapidly obtain a large amount of data and automatically process them with ease. These characteristics constitute advantages for the application of such systems in the automatic analysis of medical images, as well as in processing technology. The precision of image segmentation, which plays a critical role in computer visual systems, directly affects the quality of processing results. Coronary angiographs feature various background colors, complex patterns, and blurry edges. The image areas containing blood vessels cannot be precisely segmented through regular methods. Therefore, this study proposed an unsupervised learning algorithm that uses regional parameter expansion (RPE). This method was derived from the flood fill algorithm, which can effectively segment image areas containing blood vessels despite a complex background or uneven light and shadow. An optimal cover tree (OCT) algorithm was proposed for the establishment of coronary arteries and the estimation of vessel diameter. Through the region growing method, spanning trees were used to record the cover length of adjacent connections, thereby establishing vessel paths, and the length can be used to track changes in vessel diameter.
Efficacy of CAR-T immunotherapy in MET overexpressing tumors not eligible for anti-MET targeted therapy
Authors: Chiriaco Cristina , Donini Chiara , Cortese Marco , Ughetto Stefano , Modica Chiara , Martinelli Ilaria , Proment Alessia , Vitali Letizia , Fontani Lara , Casucci Monica , Comoglio Paolo Maria , Giordano Silvia , Sangiolo Dario , Leuci Valeria , Vigna Elisa
Published: October 2022

Background

Aberrant activation of the MET receptor in cancer is sustained by genetic alterations or, more frequently, by transcriptional upregulations. A fraction of MET-amplified or mutated tumors are sensible to MET targeting agents, but their responsiveness is typically short-lasting, as secondary resistance eventually occurs. Since in the absence of genetic alterations MET is usually not a tumor driver, MET overexpressing tumors are not/poorly responsive to MET targeted therapies. Consequently, the vast majority of tumors exhibiting MET activation still represent an unmet medical need.

Methods

Here we propose an immunotherapy strategy based on T lymphocytes expressing a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) targeting MET overexpressing tumors of different histotypes. We engineered two different MET-CAR constructs and tested MET-CAR-T cell cytotoxic activity against different MET overexpressing models, including tumor cell lines, primary cancer cells, organoids, and xenografts in immune-deficient mice.

Results

We proved that MET-CAR-T exerted a specific cytotoxic activity against MET expressing cells. Cell killing was proportional to the level of MET expressed on the cell surface. While CAR-T cytotoxicity was minimal versus cells carrying MET at physiological levels, essentially sparing normal cells, the activity versus MET overexpressing tumors was robust, significantly controlling tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Notably, MET-CAR-T cells were also able to brake acquired resistance to MET targeting agents in MET amplified cancer cells carrying secondary mutations in downstream signal transducers.

Conclusions

We set and validated at the pre-clinical level a MET-CAR immunotherapy strategy potentially beneficial for cancers not eligible for MET targeted therapy with inhibitory molecules, including those exhibiting primary or secondary resistance.
Smart stability indicating spectrophotometric methods for determination of modafinil: the promising treatment for post-covid neurological syndrome
Authors: Elsheikh Soha G. , El-Mosallamy Sally S. , Fayez Yasmin M. , Hassan Abeer M. E.
Published: October 2022

Modafinil (MDF) is one of the neurostimulants with a potential effect in the COVID-19 ICU ventilated patients and post-COVID neurological syndrome treatment. Four rapid, simple and cost-effective stability indicating spectrophotometric methods were used for estimation of MDF in the presence of its acidic degradation product, namely; ratio difference (RD), first derivative of the ratio spectra (1DD), mean centering (MCR) and ratio subtraction method (RS). These methods were validated according to ICH guidelines and all methods revealed a good linearity in concentration range of (5-30 µg/mL) in addition to a good accuracy and precision with mean percentage recovery of 99.97 ± 0.305 for (RD), 100.10 ± 0.560 for (1DD), 100.02 ± 0.483 for (MCR) & 99.18 ± 1.145 for (RS) method. Specificity of the proposed methods was assessed and MDF was determined in the presence of up to 80% of its acidic degradation product for RD, 1DD, MCR and RS methods. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of MDF in bulk powder and its tablet dosage form with mean percentage recovery of 100.33 ± 0.915 for (RD), 100.62 ± 0.985 for (1DD), 99.70 ± 0.379 for (MCR) and 100.21 ± 0.313 for (RS) method. The results obtained were statistically compared with those of official HPLC method and showed no significant difference with relevance accuracy and precision.
Plumbagin attenuates Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice
Authors: Mehdizadeh Saber , Taherian Marjan , Bayati Paria , Mousavizadeh Kazem , Pashangzadeh Salar , Anisian Ali , Mojtabavi Nazanin
Published: October 2022

Background

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal fibrotic lung disease with limited treatment options. Plumbagin (PL) is an herbal extract with diverse pharmacological effects that have been recently used to treat various types of cancer. This study aims to explore the anti-fibrotic effect of PL and possible underlying mechanisms in IPF.

Methods

We used a bleomycin-induced experimental mouse model of lung fibrosis to assess the potential anti-fibrotic effect of PL. Histological analysis of lung tissue samples by H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining and hydroxyproline assay was performed to evaluate the fibrotic alterations. ELISA and real-time quantitative PCR were conducted to determine the amount of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and endothelin-1 (ET-1).

Results

Bleomycin exposure induced lung fibrosis, which was indicated by inflammation, collagen deposition, and structural damage. PL remarkably prevented bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Furthermore, PL significantly inhibited TNF-α and TGF-β production. PL also diminished the upregulated expression of CTGF and ET-1 induced by bleomycin.

Conclusion

Overall, our findings suggest PL as an anti-fibrotic agent acting via down-regulation of TGF-β/CTGF or ET-1 axis, as well as TNF-α, to improve lung fibrosis.
Health shock, medical insurance and financial asset allocation: evidence from CHFS in China
Authors: Liu Yaxuan , Hao Yu , Lu Zhi-Nan
Published: October 2022

Background

As health care cost is taking an increasingly substantial proportion of national wealth, health shocks and the subsequent medical expenditures have become increasingly vital contributions to financial risks. However, the individual or combined effects of social and financial medical insurance on household financial behaviors are poorly understood. This research aims to examine the effect of health shocks on financial asset mobility and portfolio allocation of the household. Also, whether medical insurance positively affects the financial market will be analyzed.

Methods

Linear-regression models are used to determine the relationship between health shock, medical insurance, and household financial behaviors, including liquidity measures and financial portfolio (risk and risk-free assets). Two types of variables (transition probability and upward mobility) are constructed to measure the aggregate-level financial asset mobility. The portfolio of financial assets is categorized according to the risk it bears.

Results

Households which experience health shocks are found to exhibit lower transition probability and upward mobility of financial assets than households that do not, and health shocks pose a more serious threat to low-income households. From the inter-temporal perspective, households that have medical insurance exhibit a higher probability of raising their position within the national financial asset distribution, and are more inclined to invest in the risky financial assets. Commercial insurance displays a larger marginal effect on financial asset allocation than social insurance. Our study results highlight an essential link between health shocks, medical insurance, and household financial behavior.

Conclusion

This work identified and described the relationship between health-related factors (health shock and two types of medical insurance) and household financial behaviors (risky investment involvement and class mobility in financial asset). A strong link exists between the health and financial market, with heterogenous effects between urban and rural groups, households with distinct income levels, etc. A multilayered insurance system would be helpful to facilitate household income, financial consumption, and economic growth.
Mental health professionals’ awareness of the parental functioning of persons with severe mental disorders: a retrospective chart study
Authors: Eliezer Shahar , Efron Martin , Mendlovic Shlomo , Gal Gilad , Lurie Ido
Published: October 2022

Background:

The proportion of persons with severe mental illness (SMI) who are parents has increased in recent decades. Children of parents with SMI are at increased risk for medical, behavioral, emotional, developmental, academic, and social problems. They also have an increased risk for injuries, accidents, and mortality, addictions, and various psychiatric disorders compared to children of parents with no such diagnoses. We aimed to examine the extent to which mental health professionals (MHPs) who treat adult patients with SMI in ambulatory settings are aware of these individuals’ functioning in three parenting domains: parental functioning, familial support system and children’s conditions. We also compared psychiatrists’ awareness with that of psychologists and social workers.

Methods:

In this retrospective practice-oriented study, we reviewed 80 clinical files of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, affective disorder or personality disorder treated in a mental health outpatient clinic, using the Awareness of Family’s Mental Health Checklist (AFMHC) developed for this study. Thus, awareness was determined on the basis of what was recorded in the patient file.

Results:

Almost half of the MHPs were unaware to their patients’ parental functioning as only 44% of files contained records relating to this issue. Awareness to other domains was even lower: 24% of files contained information on patient’s support system and 12% had information about their children’s mental and/or physical health. No statistically significant differences between psychiatrists and other MHPs were found with regards to awareness to the various domains. Positive correlations were found among MHP’s for awareness in the three domains.

Conclusion:

Lack of awareness among MHPs to their patients’ parental functioning is not specific to a certain profession and may be attributed to patients (e.g., reluctance to disclose relevant information) or to MHPs (e.g., lack of training). Awareness of family and parental functioning by MHPs working with persons with SMI should be part of a standard procedure, integrated into policy and training.
Efficacy and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides for diabetic kidney disease: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Wang Ying , Han Mei , Li Yao-Tan , Wang Zhen , Liu Jian-Ping
Published: October 2022

Background

Recently, several systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside (TWP) have reported significant benefits on diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the adoption of TWP for DKD remains uncommon. This study aimed to evaluate and summarize the current evidence on TWP for DKD.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, SINOMED, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI database, Wan Fang database, and VIP database, up to June 4, 2022. SRs of TWP on DKD were included. Two authors independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and graded the quality of evidence. We appraised the reporting and methodological quality of the included studies based on the PRISMA statement and AMSTAR 2.

Results

We included 19 SRs and MAs. Seventeen MAs of proteinuria were identified; all suggested TWP exhibited anti-proteinuria function on DKD. Of these, only 2 were graded as moderate quality of evidence. Eighteen MAs estimated the reno-protective effect of TWP; nine of them showed that TWP improved renal function, including 2 MAs rated as moderate quality of evidence. Eleven SRs showed the serum albumin level was elevated in the TWP group. Of those, four were rated as moderate quality of evidence. Fourteen MAs of the incidence of adverse events were included. Twelve MAs indicated TWP increased the risk of adverse events, of which 4 were graded with moderate quality of evidence. Twenty of the 27 items in the PRISMA checklist were adequately reported with more than 75% compliance among the included SRs, while five of the 12 items in the PRISMA checklist for abstract were found to have less than 50% compliance. The overall reporting quality of SRs published in English was higher than that in Chinese. The methodological quality of the included SRs appraised by AMSTAR-2 ranged from critically low to moderate.

Conclusion

TWP appears effective for DKD on improving proteinuria and increasing the level of serum albumin, accompanied by a higher risk of adverse events. The evidence would be more credible and valuable to guide decision if the quality of the SRs and primary studies is improved.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42021249560
Screening for Fabry’s disease in a high-risk subpopulation of FMF
Authors: Maller Tomer , Ben-Zvi Ilan , Lidar Merav , Livneh Avi
Published: October 2022

Background

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease associated with mutations in the Mediterranean fever gene (MEFV) that manifests with recurrent episodes of febrile serositis. Fabry’s disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in thealpha-galactosidase Agene and presents with a wide range of gastrointestinal, skin, vascular, renal and neurological manifestations. FMF and FD share similar manifestations, which may lead to misdiagnosis of one as the other; mostly FD is misdiagnosed as FMF. Moreover, various overlapping manifestations may stem from comorbidities, commonly coupled to FMF (such as Behcet's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, glomerulonephritis, fibromyalgia, and multiple sclerosis), as well as from colchicine adverse effects, which may add to the diagnostic confusion. Thus, we postulated that screening FMF for FD will lead to the identification of patients falsely diagnosed with FMF or who, in addition to FMF, suffer from FD that was previously missed.

Methods

To identify missed FD among the FMF population, we performed chemical and genetic analyses for FD in blood samples obtained from a cohort of FMF patients followed in the specialized FMF center of our institution. To increase the likelihood of detecting patients with FD, we enriched the surveyed FMF population with patients exhibiting manifestations shared by patients with FD or who deviate from the typical FMF presentation.

Results and conclusions

Of 172 surveyed FMF patients in a cohort derived from a clinic dedicated to FMF, none had FD. Thus, the postulation of increased odds for detecting FD in patients with FMF was not confirmed. Further exploration for FD in FMF population, is nevertheless recommended.
rs2013278 in the multiple immunological-trait susceptibility locus CD28 regulates the production of non-functional splicing isoforms
Authors: Hitomi Yuki , Aiba Yoshihiro , Ueno Kazuko , Nishida Nao , Kawai Yosuke , Kawashima Minae , Tsuiji Makoto , Iwabuchi Chisato , Takada Sanami , Miyake Noriko , Nagasaki Masao , Tokunaga Katsushi , Nakamura Minoru
Published: October 2022

Background

Ligation of CD28 with ligands such as CD80 or CD86 provides a critical second signal alongside antigen presentation by class II major histocompatibility complex expressed on antigen-presenting cells through the T cell antigen receptor for naïve T cell activation. A number of studies suggested that CD28 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identifiedCD28as a susceptibility locus for lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, multiple sclerosis, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and primary biliary cholangitis. However, the primary functional variant and molecular mechanisms of disease susceptibility in this locus remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to identify the primary functional variant from thousands of genetic variants in theCD28locus and elucidate its functional effect on the CD28 molecule.

Results

Among the genetic variants exhibiting stronger linkage disequilibrium (LD) with all GWAS-lead variants in theCD28locus, rs2013278, located in the Rbfox binding motif related to splicing regulation, was identified as a primary functional variant related to multiple immunological traits. Relative endogenous expression levels ofCD28splicing isoforms (CD28i and CD28Δex2) compared with full-length CD28 in allele knock-in cell lines generated using CRISPR/Cas9 were directly regulated by rs2013278 (P < 0.05). Although full-length CD28 protein expressed on Jurkat T cells showed higher binding affinity for CD80/CD86, both CD28i and CD28Δex2 encoded loss-of-function isoforms.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated for the first time thatCD28has a shared disease-related primary functional variant (i.e., rs2013278) that regulates the CD28 alternative splicing that generates loss-of-function isoforms. They reduce disease risk by inducing anergy of effector T cells that over-react to autoantigens and allergens.
Intervention during wait time: identification and referral of individuals non-adherent for colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Abar Beau , Park Chanjun Syd , Dalawari Preeti , Klausner Howard , Ogedegbe Chinwe , Valassis Steven , Koneswaran Haran , Adler David , Bradley Keith
Published: October 2022

Background

Despite unanimous recommendations from numerous specialty societies on regular colorectal cancer screening, a substantial proportion of eligible adults are non-adherent with screening. The current study investigated whether research associates (RAs) in the emergency department (ED) can adequately assess patients’ adherence with colorectal cancer screening recommendations, outlined by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), and provide referrals to individuals who are found to be non-adherent.

Methods

RAs at seven heterogeneous hospitals in the USA queried non-emergent adult patients and visitors between the ages of 50 and 75. After obtaining verbal consent, the participant’s adherence with USPSTF guidelines for colorectal cancer screening was assessed. Participants found due for screening were provided with referrals to obtain these recommended screenings.

Results

A total of 8258 participants were surveyed on their colorectal cancer screening status, with RAs identifying 2063 participants who were not adherent with USPSTF guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and 67 for whom adherence could not be determined (total 27%).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that RAs can identify a large volume of eligible adults who would benefit from colorectal cancer screening across a variety of emergency department settings.
The microdistribution of fluid and its effect on pore structure in shale: A case study of lacustrine Chang 7 shale, Ordos Basin
Authors: Wu Chenhui , Tang Xuan , Li Xiaoguang , Zhang Bin , Li Pei , Jiang Zaixing , Liu Yang , Kong Xiangfei , Du Kefeng , Zhang Jinchuan
Published: October 2022

The pore fluid distribution in nanosized pores in shale cannot be observed directly with the current observation equipment which makes it difficult to study the fluid behavior in the shale pore system. To better understand pore fluid evolution and distribution in shale and its effect on pore structure with increasing maturity from immature to oil windows, a serial of samples with different maturity have been collected from the Lower Triassic lacustrine clay-rich Chang 7 shale in the Ordos Basin and treated with oven drying and sequential extraction to remove water, mobile oil, and asphaltene. We have measured the pore-size distributions in the presence of different pore fluids by using the mercury intrusion and N2 adsorption and desorption testing. The results indicate that (1) the pores in the clay-rich samples are mostly slit-shaped mineral pores, consist of a small number of macropores (pore size >50 nm) and a large number of mesopores (pore sizes between 7 and 36 nm), and also including a small amount of poorly developed organic matter-hosted pores. (2) Different types of pore fluids appear to occupy different pore-size ranges. Water prefers to occupy the mineral mesopores. Mobile oil (extracted by n-hexane) is mostly distributed in 2–10 nm-sized organic-matter-hosted mesopores. Asphaltenes are mostly distributed in mesopores in the range of 25–36 nm. (3) The presence of pore fluid significantly impacts the pore structures of shale. The pore volume and specific surface area decrease due to pore fluid occupation, even for low-maturity samples in which the organic matter pores also are developed but cannot be observed under a scanning electron microscope. (4) Organic matter abundance and thermal maturity have significant effects on the pore fluid composition and distribution. With increasing maturity, water is gradually displaced by oil due to hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in large mineral pores.
Architectural Element Analysis of Nonmarine Oil and Gas Reservoir in China, the Research History, Progress and Future Trend: A Review
Authors: Zhang Changmin , Yin Taiju , Wu Shenghe , Yin Yanshu , Feng Wenjie , Li Yang , Jia Ailin , Lin Chengyan , Ma Shizhong , Hu Guangyi
Published: October 2022

Since Miall’s architectural element analysis (AEA) was introduced to China in 1986, the method has been widely applied to studying the heterogeneity of oil and gas reservoirs in China. The development history, research field, research progress, and potential limitations of AEA in China have been reviewed based on 601 Chinese documents retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database and some English documents retrieved from various databases. The development of sedimentary AEA in China experienced four stages: (1) the conceptual and introduction stage (1985–1995), (2) the test and trial stage (1995–2005), (3) the popularization and application stage (2005–2015), and (4) the innovative stage (2015 to present). The research field covers all reservoir types of continental petroliferous basins in China. Papers published on AEA were distributed in the fields of (1) alluvial fan reservoirs, (2) braided channel reservoirs, (3) meandering channel reservoirs, (4) fan delta reservoirs, (5) braided river delta reservoirs, (6) shallow-water delta reservoirs, (7) large-scale delta reservoirs, (8) beach and bar reservoirs, and (9) lacustrine deepwater gravity flow reservoirs. Among all these fields, the architecture of alluvial fans, braided channels, meandering channels, braided river delta, and fan delta reservoirs was mainly researched. AEAs in China have made outstanding innovations in hierarchical sedimentary boundary surface classification, depositional architectural models, and quantitative reservoir architectural modeling. Combining the hierarchical AEA with geostatistical modeling, big data, and artificial intelligence technology and comprehensively using geology, geophysics, and production information to realize the hierarchical integrated reservoir architectural characterization are the development directions of the AEA in China and around the world.
Analysis of processes leading to explosive phenomena on the surface of a liquid cathode at the time of the dc electric arc ignition
Authors: Tereshonok D. V. , Sargsyan M. A. , Gadzhiev M. Kh. , Karchugaeva Z. G.
Published: October 2022

The paper considers various causes of explosions on the cathodes surface in the region of arc attachment in a direct current arc discharge. Estimates of the characteristic times of the development of instabilities during the passage of current through the liquid tip of the cathode are made. As a result, an assumption was put forward that, starting from the moment of formation of the stretched tip and up to the explosion, at different stages of the stretches development, various instabilities alternately play the main roles.
„Byłeś dla nas posągiem ze stali...” – Józef Piłsudski: żałoba i pamięć na łamach czasopisma „Płomyk” (1935–1936)
Authors: Zaborski Marcin
Published: October 2022

Nieśmiertelny wódz narodu, miły komendant, oswobodziciel, najlepszy syn Polski, ukochany dziadek. W ten sposób – między innymi – gazety opisywały Józefa Piłsudskiego po jego śmierci. Podkreślały, że niezłomnie walczył o wolność Polski, wyrwał ją z kajdan niewoli, a potem bronił jej granic, chroniąc Polaków przed wrogiem. Jak w połowie lat 30. XX w. pisały o tym czasopisma adresowane do dzieci i młodzieży? Autor szuka odpowiedzi na to pytanie, analizując kolejne wydania ukazującego się w tamtym czasie tygodnika „Płomyk”. Sprawdza, jaki obraz żałoby wyłania się z artykułów zamieszczonych w tym czasopiśmie. Bada, jak budowano, podtrzymywano i pielęgnowano pamięć o marszałku. Analizuje m.in. wiersze, opowiadania, wzmianki, listy przysyłane do redakcji oraz odpowiedzi redakcji na otrzymywaną korespondencję. W ten sposób próbuje zrekonstruować emocje, na które reagowali lub które próbowali wywołać autorzy tekstów publikowanych w „Płomyku”.