bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speed Tuning of the Formation/Dissociation of a Metallorotaxane
Authors: Sakata Yoko , Nakamura Ryosuke , Hibi Toshihiro , Akine Shigehisa
Published: January 2023

Switching between the formation/dissociation of rotaxanes is important to control the function of various types of rotaxane‐based materials. We have developed a convenient and simple strategy, the so‐called “accelerator addition”, to make a static rotaxane dynamic without apparently affecting the chemical structure. As an interlocked molecule that enables tuning of the formation/dissociation speed, a metallorotaxane was quantitatively generated by the complexation of a triptycene‐based dumbbell‐shaped mononuclear complex, [PdL2]2+ (L=2,3‐diaminotriptycene), with 27C9. As a result of the inertness of the Pd2+‐based coordination structure, the metallorotaxane was slowly formed (the static state). This rotaxane formation was accelerated 27 times simply by adding Br− as an accelerator (the dynamic state). A similar drastic acceleration was also demonstrated during the dissociation process when Cs+ was added to the metallorotaxane to form the free axle [PdL2]2+ and the 27C9‐Cs+ complex.
Deciphering the Biological Activities of Antifungal Agents with Chemical Probes
Authors: Fridman Micha , Sakurai Kaori
Published: January 2023

The growing number of fungal infections caused by pathogens resistant to one or more classes of antifungal drugs emphasizes the threat that these microorganisms pose to animal and human health and global food security. Open questions remain regarding the mechanisms of action of the limited repertoire of antifungal agents, making it challenging to rationally develop more efficacious therapeutics. In recent years, the use of chemical biology approaches has resolved some of these questions and has provided new promising concepts to guide the design of antifungal agents. By focusing on examples from studies carried out in recent years, this minireview describes the key roles that probes based on antifungal agents and their derivatives have played in uncovering details about their activities, in detecting resistance, and in characterizing the interactions between these agents and their targets.
Antifungal and Nanozyme Activities of Metal–Organic Framework‐derived CuO@C
Authors: Abdelhamid Hani Nasser , Mahmoud Ghada Abd‐Elmonsef
Published: January 2023

Postharvest fungal infection is the common cause of fresh fruit losses. Thus, effective antifungal agents are highly required. Herein, copper‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were used as a precursor for the synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) embedded into carbon (CuO@C). The materials' crystallinity was confirmed using X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) approve the elemental species and concentration of copper in the synthesized materials. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution TEM (HR‐TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal the successful formation of CuO‐embedded C, that is, CuO@C, with a particle size of 36–123 nm. CuO@C nanoparticles are used as an antifungal agent against four economic postharvest plant pathogens; Alternaria alternata (black spot disease of tomato), Fusarium oxysporum (rot disease of tomato), Penicillium digitatum (gray mold disease of lemon), and Rhizopus oryzae (soft rot disease of banana). The inhibition zones were 36 ± 0.5, 20.2 ± 0.4, 16 ± 0.5, and 10.2 ± 0.1 mm for R. oryzae, P. digitatum, F. oxysporum, and A. alternata, respectively. CuO@C antifungal action includes significant inhibition of cellulases and amylase enzyme activity, decreasing the potentiality of fungal pathogenicity and fruit disease. CuO@C exhibited high antifungal activity against postharvest antifungal species.
Investigating the mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites modified by polyamide and nano‐Al2O3
Authors: Wang Liaoyuan , Sun Yuli , Chen Fayu , Zhang Guiguan , Yi Siguang , Zuo Dunwen
Published: January 2023

This work aims to evaluate the effects of polyamide (PA) and nano‐Al2O3 on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP) and obtain the optimal addition content of PA and nano‐Al2O3. Epoxy matrix composite (EMC) is prepared via the solution blending method using the PA as the curing agent, toughening agent, and the nano‐Al2O3 modified with the silane coupling agent as the filler. Then it is tested for tensile, hardness, impact and wear resistance performances. The results show that when the ratio of PA to EP varies in the range of 40 wt.% to 80 wt.%, increasing the PA content can improve the impact toughness and plasticity of EMC but reduce its hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance. When the content of PA is 60 wt.% of EP, the elongation at break and impact strength of EMC are increased by 66.4% and 12.9%, respectively. The mechanical performances of EMC can be enhanced by loading nano‐Al2O3 fillers in a specific range. When the content of nano‐Al2O3 is 2 wt.% of EP, the elastic modulus, the tensile strength and the wear resistance of EMC are increased by 27.9%, 20.8% and 49%, respectively. The research can provide a valid technical reference for the industrial application of EMC materials.
Immunohistochemical localization of CD146 and alpha‐smooth muscle actin during dentin formation and regeneration
Authors: Shibui Toru , Hosoya Akihiro , Takebe Hiroaki , Takahashi Masami , Seki Yuri , Fujii Saki , Irie Kazuharu
Published: January 2023

Cluster of differentiation 146 (CD146) is known to localize in stem cells and precursor cells of various tissues. In this study, to analyze the function of CD146 in odontoblast differentiation, immunohistochemical localization of CD146 was examined during rat molar tooth development and after cavity preparation. At the cap and bell stages, many CD146‐positive cells were visible around the blood vessels in the dental papillae. On Postnatal day 2, osterix‐positive odontoblasts were arranged in the dentin sialoprotein (DSP)‐positive predentin, and many CD146‐positive cells were observed near these odontoblasts with blood vessels. Some perivascular CD146‐positive cells overlapped with Smad4‐positive cells. However, the immunoreactivity for alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), one of the markers for undifferentiated cells, was negligible. Furthermore, the number of these cells decreased in the dental pulp on Postnatal day 28. On Day 4 after cavity preparation, Osterix‐positive odontoblasts appeared lining the reparative dentin. Most of the blood vessels near the reparative dentin showed immunoreactivities for CD146. Reparative odontoblasts actively formed DSP‐positive dentin matrix because these cells were positive for Smad4 and Osterix, but not for α‐SMA. After 7 days, the number of CD146‐positive cells near blood vessels decreased in the dental pulp beneath the cavity. These results suggest that the CD146 is expressed in the perivascular area of the dental pulp and induces vascularization in the vicinity of dentin formation, and some CD146‐positive cells are activated by the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway and differentiate into odontoblasts in the early stages of dentin formation and repair.
Base Dependent Rearrangement of Dithiane and Dithiolane under Visible‐light Photoredox catalysis
Authors: Dharpure Pankaj D. , Behera Mousumi , Thube Archana S. , Bhat Ramakrishna G.
Published: January 2023

The rearrangement of dithiolanes and dithianes to access disulfide‐linked‐dithioesters under visible‐light photoredox catalysis via controlled C−S bond cleavage has been disclosed. Unlike, the usual deprotection of dithioacetals to corresponding aldehydes under the oxidative conditions, we observed unique regioselective oxidative reactivity of five and six membered cyclic dithioacetals to form disulfide‐linked‐dithioesters by exchanging DMAP and imidazole bases. The generality of the protocol has been demonstrated by exploring a wide range of substrates. As an application, in situ generated thiyl radical has been trapped with disulfides to prepare hetero‐disulfides of potential utility. The protocol proved to be practical on gram scale quantity and relied on clean energy source for the transformation. Based on the series of control experiments, cyclic voltammetry and Stern‐Volmer studies the plausible mechanism has been proposed.
Effect of the interdependence between subnets on the structural controllability of complex networks
Authors: Yang Yong , Tu Lilan , Chai Lang , Guo Tianjiao
Published: January 2023

Controllability is a hot issue in complex networks. In this paper, without changing the number and the positions of the controllers, the effect of interdependence (viz., inter‐coupling relations) between two directed subnets that are controllable or uncontrollable on the structural controllability of complex networks is investigated. According to the Kalman rank criterion and PBH rank criterion, some sufficient conditions and necessary conditions for the structural controllability or uncontrollability of interdependent networks are presented. The results show that (1) if the uncontrollable and controllable nodes in one subnet are inter‐coupled with the controllable and uncontrollable nodes in the other subnet, respectively, and the directions are from controllable nodes to the uncontrollable nodes, then the interdependent network may be controllable; (2) the interdependent network can be obtained structurally controllable if there are simply directed paths covering all the uncontrollable nodes of the two subnets, separately; and (3) the interdependent networks are structurally controllable no matter what kind of inter‐couplings between two controllable subnets. All of these results are adaptive to undirected subnets. The final example verifies the effectiveness and correctness of the results provided in this paper.
The synthesis of N‐doped carbon dots for visual differentiating and detection of tetracyclines
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhu Changjian , Yan Xuerong , Cheng Sijie , Zhang Yong
Published: January 2023

N‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) were synthesized from L‐glutamine and triethanolamine using a one‐step hydrothermal method. The N‐CDs emitting blue fluorescence had selective responses to tetracyclines (TCs) and could be used as a fluorescent probe to realize the quantitative detection and qualitative analysis of TCs. A method for the determination of TCs using the N‐CDs in actual samples was successfully established. The recovery rate was maintained at 97.50–105.60%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 3%. In addition, TCs can be visually distinguished using filter paper by the different fluorescence colours (light green, dark blue, and yellow‐green) of the N‐CDs/TCs system under ultraviolet light. This study provides a relatively simple method to detect and identify TCs.
Pro‐environmental employees and sustainable hospitality and tourism businesses: Exploring strategic reasons and global motives for green behaviors
Authors: Chi Xiaoting , Meng Bo , Lee Hyerin , Chua Bee‐Lia , Han Heesup
Published: January 2023

The promotion of low‐carbon lifestyles has led to increased emphasis on the sustainability of the hospitality and tourism industry and the pro‐environmental performance of employees in the workplace. This study examined the factors influencing the formation of employees' pro‐environmental decision‐making in the workplace by extending the traditional behavioral reasoning theory with global motives (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) and the norm‐activation model. The samples were hospitality and tourism employees. Findings of this study verified that reasons for behavior, reasons against behavior problem awareness have varying degrees of influence on global motives of employees to practice pro‐environmental activities, and the global motives and ascribed responsibility were further demonstrated as the significant indicators of personal norm that has a direct impact on pro‐environmental intentions in the workplace.
Prognosis prediction and risk factors for triple‐negative breast cancer patients with brain metastasis: A population‐based study
Authors: Yang Yuqin , Zhang Liguo , Tian Wenjing , Li Yijie , Qin Qi , Mao Yinyan , Liu Xiuling , Hong Jiawei , Hu Lingzhi , Zeng Qing’an , Zhang Qingling , Zhao Hong
Published: January 2023

Background

Brain metastasis (BM) in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this research we aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the prognosis of TNBC patients with BMs (TNBC‐BM) and explore the potential risk factors.

Methods

We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. A prognostic nomogram was built and validated based on patients with BM at newly diagnosed TNBC (nTNBC‐BM). Its effect on TNBC patients with BM was also validated in an extended group. The prognostic effect of treatment and risk factors for nTNBC‐BM were further tested.

Results

A nomogram was constructed and validated to predict overall survival (OS) in TNBC‐BM patients. For patients with BM diagnosed at the initial treatment or later course, the C‐index (0.707, 0.801, and 0.685 in the training, validation, and extended groups, respectively) and calibration plots showed the acceptable prognostic accuracy and clinical applicability of the model. Surgery on the primary tumor and chemotherapy were found to confer significantly better OS (11 months vs. 4 months; 5 months vs. 3 months, respectively). In addition, advanced tumor/nodal stage and bilateral cancer were associated with a higher risk of nTNBC‐BM.

Conclusion

We developed a sensitive and discriminative nomogram to predict OS in TNBC‐BM patients, both at initial diagnosis and the latter course. nTNBC‐BM patients may benefit more from surgery and chemotherapy than from radiotherapy. In addition, in the predictive model, TNBC patients harboring advanced tumor/nodal stages and bilateral tumors were more likely to have BM at initial diagnosis.
Application of EfficientNet‐B0 and GRU‐based deep learning on classifying the colposcopy diagnosis of precancerous cervical lesions
Authors: Chen Xiaoyue , Pu Xiaowen , Chen Zhirou , Li Lanzhen , Zhao Kong‐Nan , Liu Haichun , Zhu Haiyan
Published: January 2023

Background

Colposcopy is indispensable for the diagnosis of cervical lesions. However, its diagnosis accuracy for high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is at about 50%, and the accuracy is largely dependent on the skill and experience of colposcopists. The advancement in computational power made it possible for the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to clinical problems. Here, we explored the feasibility and accuracy of the application of AI on precancerous and cancerous cervical colposcopic image recognition and classification.

Methods

The images were collected from 6002 colposcopy examinations of normal control, low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and HSIL. For each patient, the original, Schiller test, and acetic‐acid images were all collected. We built a new neural network classification model based on the hybrid algorithm. EfficientNet‐b0 was used as the backbone network for the image feature extraction, and GRU(Gate Recurrent Unit)was applied for feature fusion of the three modes examinations (original, acetic acid, and Schiller test).

Results

The connected network classifier achieved an accuracy of 90.61% in distinguishing HSIL from normal and LSIL. Furthermore, the model was applied to “Trichotomy”, which reached an accuracy of 91.18% in distinguishing the HSIL, LSIL and normal control at the same time.

Conclusion

Our results revealed that as shown by the high accuracy of AI in the classification of colposcopic images, AI exhibited great potential to be an effective tool for the accurate diagnosis of cervical disease and for early therapeutic intervention in cervical precancer.
Authentication of edible oils using an infrared spectral library and digital sample sets: A feasibility study
Authors: Sota‐Uba Isio , White Collin G. , Booksh Karl , Lavine Barry K.
Published: January 2023

A potential method to determine whether two varieties of edible oils can be differentiated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is proposed using digitally generated data of adulterated edible oils from an infrared (IR) spectral library. The first step is the evaluation of digitally blended data sets. Specifically, IR spectra of adulterated edible oils are computed from digitally blending experimental data of the IR spectra of an edible oil and the corresponding adulterant using the appropriate mixing coefficients to achieve the desired level of adulteration. To determine whether two edible oils can be differentiated by FTIR spectroscopy, pure IR spectra of the two edible oils are compared with IR spectra of two edible oils digitally mixed using a genetic algorithm for pattern recognition to solve a ternary classification problem. If the IR spectra of the two edible oils and their binary mixtures are differentiable from principal component plots of the spectral data, then differences between the IR spectra of these two edible oils are of sufficient magnitude to ensure that a reliable classification by FTIR spectroscopy can be obtained. Using this approach, the feasibility of authenticating edible oils such as extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) directly from library spectra is demonstrated. For this study, both digital and experimental data are combined to generate training and validation data sets to assess detection limits in FTIR spectroscopy for the adulterants.
Cytotoxicities of Tumor‐Seeking Dyes: Impact on Future Clinical Trials
Authors: Muhammad Usama Syed , Gao Zhe , Arancillo Maritess , Burgess Kevin
Published: January 2023

Heptamethine (Cy7) dyes with meso‐Cl substituents injected intravenously (iv) into mice accumulate in tumors and persist there over several days. We believe this occurs via meso‐Cl displacement by the only free cysteine residues of albumin; therefore, conjugating tumor‐seeking dyes with fragments can increase selective therapeutic delivery to tumors and drug residence. This strategy has elevated significance recently because the first tumor‐seeking dye‐drug conjugate has moved into clinical trials. Options for further clinical research include modifying the dye, and use of preformed albumin adducts instead of dyes alone. Herein we show correlations of cytotoxicities, lipophilicities, organelle localization, apoptosis, cell‐cycle arrest, wound healing/migration assays, and reactivities/affinities with human serum albumin are difficult to observe. However, our studies arrived at an important conclusion: preformed dye‐drug‐HSA adducts are less cytotoxic, and therefore preferable for subsequent clinical work, relative to direct injection of meso‐Cl‐containing forms.
Facial nerve axotomy induces morphological changes in hippocampal pyramidal neurons
Authors: Bolívar‐Baquero Oscar , Troncoso Julieta
Published: January 2023

Facial nerve injury in rats have been widely used to study functional and structural changes that occur in the injured motoneurons and other central nervous system structures related with sensorimotor processing. A decrease in long‐term potentiation of hippocampal CA3‐to‐CA1 commissural synapse has recently been reported related to this peripheral injury. Additionally, it has been found increased corticosterone plasmatic levels, impairment in spatial memory consolidation, and hippocampal microglial activation in animals with facial nerve axotomy. In this work, we analyzed the neuronal morphology of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons in animals with either reversible or irreversible facial nerve injury. For this purpose, brain tissues of injured animals sacrificed at different postlesion times, were stained with the Golgi‐Cox method and compared with control brains. It was found that both reversible and irreversible facial nerve injury‐induced significant decreases in dendritic tree complexity, dendritic length, branch points, and spine density of hippocampal neurons. However, such changes’ timing varied according to hippocampal area (CA1 vs. CA3), dendritic area (apical vs. basal), and lesion type (reversible vs. irreversible). In general, the observed changes were transient when animals had the possibility of motor recovery (reversible injury), but perdurable if the recovery from the lesion was impeded (irreversible injury). CA1 apical and CA3 basal dendritic tree morphology were more sensible to irreversible injury. It is concluded that facial nerve injury induced significant changes in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons morphology, which could be related to LTP impairments and microglial activation in the hippocampal formation, previously described.
Generic framework for quantifying the influence of the mitral valve on ventricular blood flow
Authors: Thiel Jan‐Niklas , Steinseifer Ulrich , Neidlin Michael
Published: January 2023

Blood flow within the left ventricle provides important information regarding cardiac function in health and disease. The mitral valve strongly influences the formation of flow structures and there exist various approaches for the representation of the valve in numerical models of left ventricular blood flow. However, a systematic comparison of the various mitral valve models is missing, making a priori decisions considering the overall model's context of use impossible. Within this study, a benchmark setup to compare the influence of mitral valve modeling strategies on intraventricular flow features was developed. Then, five mitral valve models of increasing complexity: no modeling, static wall, 2D and 3D porous medium with time‐dependent porosity, and one‐way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) were compared with each other. The flow features velocity, kinetic energy, transmitral pressure drop, vortex formation, flow asymmetry as well as computational cost and ease‐of‐implementation were evaluated. The one‐way FSI approach provides the highest level of flow detail, which is accompanied by the highest numerical costs and challenges with the implementation. As an alternative, the porous medium approach with the expansion including time‐dependent porosity provides good results with up to 10% deviations in the flow features (except the transmitral pressure drop) in comparison to the FSI model and only a fraction (11%) of numerical costs. However, jet propagation speed is highly underestimated by all alternative approaches to the FSI model. Taken together, our benchmark setup allows a quantitative comparison of various mitral valve modeling approaches and is provided to the scientific community for further testing and expansion.
Self‐organization in an Open Reaction Network for Developing High‐function Organized Molecular Systems**
Authors: Mukouyama Yoshiharu , Nakato Yoshihiro
Published: January 2023

Self‐organized molecular systems such as liposomes and supramolecules have attracted considerable attention due to their characteristic properties. An open reaction network (ORN) is another interesting candidate for such systems; however, no stabilization mechanism has been clarified. This work reveals, by computer simulation and experiments, that a network of irreversible processes such as an ORN can be stabilized by self‐organization through a full balance between all the involved irreversible processes, thus forming a steady state. The formation of a steady state indicates that a large spontaneous order is formed; specifically, self‐organization occurs. Computer simulations also reveal that such a steady state characteristically evolves toward a high‐efficiency state through the development of highly ordered structures. These findings indicate that ORN provides a new method for developing high‐function organized molecular systems, such as an efficient catalytic system in a composite of ORN and equilibrium molecular structures such as supramolecules and polymers.
An Alternate Process for the Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Solid‐Phase Purification of Synthetic Nucleic Acid Sequences
Authors: Cawrse Brian M. , Takahashi Mayumi , Grajkowski Andrzej , Beaucage Serge L.
Published: January 2023

The chemical synthesis of a riboside phosphoramidite has been achieved to provide a 5‐O‐capture linker and a 2‐O‐silyl ether protecting group with the intent of enabling an efficient solid‐phase purification of synthetic DNA sequences. The riboside phosphoramidite has been incorporated into a DNA sequence while performing the penultimate automated solid‐phase synthesis cycle of the sequence. The terminal 5‐O‐riboside moiety of the resulting DNA sequence is then conjugated to a capture linker to create an anchor for the solid‐phase purification of the DNA sequence conjugate. Release of all DNA sequences from the synthesis support is achieved under standard basic conditions to yield a mixture of the desired DNA sequence conjugate along with unconjugated, shorter‐than‐full‐length sequence contaminants. Upon exposure of all DNA sequences to a capture solid support, only the DNA sequence conjugate is chemoselectively captured, thereby allowing the unconjugated shorter‐than‐full‐length DNA sequences to be efficiently washed away from the capture support. After 2‐O‐cleavage of the silyl ether protecting group from the terminal riboside ethylphosphate triester conjugate, the solid‐phase‐purified DNA sequence is efficiently released from the capture support through an innovative intramolecular cyclodeesterification of the ethylphosphate triester, prompted by the riboside's rigid cis‐diol conformer, to provide a highly pure DNA sequence. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of 5‐O‐(4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl)‐2‐O‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐1,4‐anhydro‐D‐ribitol (3)

Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of 5‐O‐(4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl)‐2‐O‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐3‐O‐[(N,N‐diisopropylamino)ethyloxyphosphinyl]‐1,4‐anhydro‐D‐ribitol (6).

Basic Protocol 3: Automated synthesis of the chimeric solid‐phase‐linked DNA sequence 8.

Support Protocol: Preparation of 2‐cyanoethyl‐(5‐oxohexyl)‐N,N‐diisopropylphosphoramidite (9).

Basic Protocol 4: Solid‐phase purification of the chimeric DNA sequence 10
How authenticity of corporate social responsibility affects organizational attractiveness: Stakeholder perceptions of organizational ideology
Authors: Turker Duygu , Can Ozge , Aras‐Beger Gizem
Published: January 2023

Despite the impact of ideologies on corporate social responsibility (CSR), little is known whether the authenticity of CSR can be assessed in the face of ideological tensions. Following cognitive dissonance and attribution theories, this study investigates the impact of CSR authenticity, which is conceptualized as a function of (1) the ideological fit between company and its CSR initiative and (2) the perceived motive of an ideologically distinct initiative, on organizational attractiveness. Findings of a survey on 253 respondents reveal that while both dimensions of CSR authenticity affect organizational attractiveness, the fit between company and its CSR has a higher effect than does the social motive of CSR. Moreover, positive attitudes toward the CSR initiative as well as the company itself both mediate these relationships. The study shows taking an ideological perspective in authenticity is a relevant approach to understand CSR in the politically polarized contexts of most countries.
Multifunctional Molecule Assists Passivate Method to Simultaneously Improve the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Meng Xiangxin , Shen Bo , Sun Qing , Deng Jianguo , Hu Die , Kang Bonan , Silva S. Ravi P. , Wang Xu , Wang Lijun
Published: January 2023

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been greatly improved recently. However, in organic–inorganic polycrystalline perovskite films many defects inevitably exist, which limits the PCE and stability of PSCs. Herein, a small organic molecule 2‐chlorothiazole‐4‐carboxylic acid (SN) is spin coated on a perovskite film to enhance the performance of PSCs. We find that the multifunctional molecule SN reacts with under‐coordinated Pb2+ ions and I− vacancies because of the presence of the sulfur and nitrogen donor atoms, and the −COOH groups, which are conducive to suppressing charge recombination and passivating defects. Even more, the introduction of the SN layer can effectively adjust the energy level alignment, which is conducive to the separation and extraction of charge carriers in PSCs. Therefore, devices with SN modification show a champion PCE of 22.55 %. Besides, PSCs with SN show impressive stability, retaining 96 % of its initial PCE after storage in ambient air for 500 h.
Initiative of clinical single‐cell biomedicine in clinical and translational medicine
Authors: Liu Fangming , Liu Xuanqi , Powell Charles A , Chen Chengshui , Zeng Yiming , Fang Hao , Wang Xiangdong
Published: January 2023

With rapid developments of single‐cell sequencing and multi/trans‐omics, clinical single‐cell biomedicine is a new and emergent discipline to integrate single‐cell molecular and clinical phenomes and uncover new disease‐specific diagnoses and therapy. The journal of Clinical and Translational Medicine (CTM) launches the first CTM initiative of clinical single‐cell biomedicine (cscBioMed) to promote the discovery and development of single‐cell‐based biology and medicine, speed the translation from single‐cell biology into clinical application, and improve early diagnosis and therapy for human diseases. The cscBioMed initiative is speeding translational processes from circulating single‐cell RNA sequencing into routine measures in clinical biochemistry of haematology, from spatial transcriptomics into single‐cell pathology, and from single‐cell‐based biomarkers and targets into clinical diagnostics and target drugs. With a clear goal, we expect that cscBioMed will benefit human health by establishing a clinical single‐cell dynamic monitoring and early predicting system and by improving diagnosis and treatment.
Synthesis of Azaspiro Tricyclic Scaffolds through Post‐Ugi Modifications: Scope and Limitation of Aza‐Michael Cyclization
Authors: Ambule Mayur D. , Bhumij Mandweep , Kumar Asheesh , Kant Ruchir , Kumar Srivastava Ajay
Published: January 2023

Post‐Ugi modifications offer a great tool to construct functionalized heterocycles in an atom‐economic manner. Using this approach, we have constructed highly functionalized azaspiro tricyclic scaffolds that involve Ugi condensation and ipso‐cyclization followed by aza‐Michael ring closures. Herein, we present a detailed account of aza‐Michael cyclizations with respect to substrate scope and limitations, along with new methods to prepare novel azaspiro tricyclic scaffolds.
Allylsulfones through Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic C−H Sulfonylation of Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Chen Tingting , Lahbi Jassmin , Broggini Gianluigi , Pradal Alexandre , Poli Giovanni
Published: January 2023

Two previously unknown protocols for Pd‐catalyzed allylic C−H sulfonylation of terminal alkenes have been developed. While the former consists of a direct Pd(II)‐catalyzed oxidative C−H allylic sulfonylation in the presence of sulfinate anions, the latter involves a sequential one‐pot Pd(II)‐catalyzed C−H allylic acetoxylation followed by a Pd(0)‐catalyzed sulfonylation. The scope of both protocols was studied on 25 examples.
Deep reinforcement learning‐based full‐duplex link scheduling in federated learning‐based computing for IoMT
Authors: Guan Zheng , Li Ya , Yu Shengqian , Yang Zhijun
Published: January 2023

The rapid developments in mini‐hardware manufacturing and wireless network communications have enabled the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to provide continuous healthcare services over the Internet. Federated learning (FL) combined with blockchain technology has been a popular way to resolve privacy‐preserving data sharing in IoMT‐based wireless body area networks (WBANs), on the other side, communication payloads become much heavier than traditional healthcare sensor network, because central server should aggregate the model updates and orchestrate the training tasks. The high latency will lead to FL's low system efficiency. However, the existing studies on FL mainly focus on the system design and algorithm optimization, which ignore a critical problem of data transmission in the FL system. To improve the communication performance, we proposed a two‐tier scheduling algorithm in which a full‐duplex (FD) multiple access based scheduling algorithm is employed to improve channel utility and network throughput, and decrease the delay in tier II. A deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework is used to generate the FD links between hubs and access points (APs) which jointly considers the channel state, fairness, and delay. Therefore, the DRL‐based FD Link Scheduling (R‐FDLS) algorithm is proposed. When the traffic volume is different or in various distribution scenarios, the evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the network communication quality, as well as has obvious advantages compared to several baselines.
A seven‐year study on the effects of four tillage modes on soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, and grain yield in a rice–ratoon rice cropping system
Authors: Jiang Shuochen , Du Bin , Hu Fengqin , Zhang Haiwei , Kong Pan , Wu Qixia , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: January 2023

Ratoon rice is resource efficient to produce economically sound and environmentally sustainable rice production. However, there is no more information on the relative impact of soil tillage practices on soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activity, and grain yield in a rice–ratoon rice cropping system remains to be tested. Systematic study of soil under ratooning rice model is a problem to be solved in the development of ratooning rice model. This study primarily investigated the long‐term (from 2014 to 2020) changes in soil bulk density (BD), soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration, total nitrogen (TN) concentration, microbial biomass, β‐glucosidase activity (BG), urease activity (UR), and yield under four treatments: no‐tillage (NT), no plowing tillage + rotatory tillage (RT), plowing tillage in winter + rotatory tillage (PTW), and plowing tillage in spring + rotatory tillage (PTS). NT increased BD by 9.65%–12.97%, and RT increased the 20–40 cm soil layer BD by 8.80% in 2020, compared with the baseline initial value (in 2014). Plowing tillage (PT) time had no significant effect on BD. All tillage methods decreased the SOC concentration in the 0–20 cm soil layer, and only RT increased the TN concentration. PT was the only treatment that increased the SOC and TN concentrations in the 20–40 cm soil layer. Both the main‐season rice yield and the ratoon season rice yield ranked PTW > PTS > NT > RT, in which the main‐season rice yield increased by 28.15% and the ratoon season rice yield increased by 25.19% in PTW. Overall, the PTW treatment had the highest microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and grain yield compared with the other tillage methods. In conclusion, plowing tillage in winter + rotatory tillage is a more suitable tillage method under the mode of ratooning rice.
Effect of clarification on physicochemical properties and nutrient retention of pressed and blended cashew apple juice
Authors: Aluko Angela , Makule Edna , Kassim Neema
Published: January 2023

The cashew apple is a nutritious pseudofruit of the cashew tree, after the nut. It is highly perishable and has an astringent taste, which hinder its utilization in the food sector. This study was designed to optimize clarification of cashew apple juice (CAJ) using gelatine, and assess the effect of clarification on physicochemical properties (titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and pH), nutrient retention, and sensory quality of pressed and blended CAJ. CAJ was treated with gelatine concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g/L) at room temperature (24–26°C) for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h. Both clarified and unclarified juice were analyzed for tannin, total phenol, β‐carotene, vitamin C, sugar, minerals, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical and sensory qualities. The results showed that tannin in pressed CAJ was optimally reduced from 217.6 mg/100 ml TAE to 24.6 mg/100 ml TAE, and from 258.0 mg/100 ml TAE to 55.0 mg/100 ml TAE in blended CAJ, using 0.2 g of gelatine in a liter of juice, for 2 h at room temperature. Both CAJ with and without clarification showed no significant difference in pH, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity (p < .05). However, blended CAJ had higher contents of total phenol, tannin, β‐carotene, vitamin C, sugar, minerals, and antioxidant activity (p < .05). The use of a low concentration (0.2 g/L) of gelatine in a liter of either blended or pressed CAJ yielded sweet and less astringent CAJ with high‐intensity yellow color. The technologies performed well at room temperature and therefore provide the basis for potential business investment.
Low‐temperature preferential CO oxidation in a hydrogen‐rich stream over Pt‐NaY and modified Pt‐NaY catalysts for fuel cell application
Authors: Malwadkar Sachin , Bera Parthasarathi , Satyanarayana Chilukuri V. V.
Published: January 2023

Preferential oxidation of CO (CO‐PROX) in the hydrogen‐rich stream has been carried out over Pt‐NaY catalysts containing various Pt loadings along with Fe, Co, and Au. Catalysts have been characterized with inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy, Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller surface area, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature programmed reduction, and Pt dispersion. CO‐PROX activities and CO oxidation selectivities are observed to increase with an increase in Pt content. Pt‐NaY catalyst with 0.75 wt.% Pt loading shows maximum CO‐PROX activity at low temperatures. An increase in space velocity decreases the CO and O2 conversions, but CO oxidation selectivity increases. A decrease in activity is observed when reformat gas contains around 20% H2O. During the stability test, no change in CO and O2 conversions is observed, but a small increase in the CO oxidation selectivity is noticed after 10 h indicating that the Pt‐NaY catalyst is a promising candidate for CO‐PROX reaction in a hydrogen‐rich stream. The Pt‐Fe‐NaY catalyst shows better activity than the Pt‐NaY catalyst but starts deactivating after 10 h. However, activity is observed to decrease over Pt‐Co‐NaY and Pt‐Au‐NaY catalysts. Pt‐Fe‐NaY catalyst with 0.75 and 0.35 wt.% Pt and Fe, respectively, shows better CO‐PROX activity at a temperature of 75°C.
Hospitalizations in older‐adults newly diagnosed with dementia: A population‐based longitudinal study in Israel
Authors: Lutski Miri , Shahar Rotem , Vered Shiraz , Novick Deborah , Zucker Inbar , Weinstein Galit
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To compare inpatient burden (i.e. likelihood of hospitalization, number of admissions and length of stay) in persons with newly diagnosed dementia to the general population without dementia. Additionally, to evaluate whether inpatient burden is increased during the years prior to and post dementia diagnosis, and to identify factors associated with increased inpatient burden.

Method

The Israeli National Dementia Dataset (2016) was cross‐linked with the National Hospital Discharge Database of the Israeli Ministry of Health (2014–2018). Dementia definition was based on documented dementia diagnoses and/or the purchase of medications during 2016. Mixed‐effects models were applied to identify demographic and health characteristics associated with inpatient burden in the one and 2 years prior to and after dementia diagnosis.

Results

The dataset included 11,625 individuals aged ≥65 years, identified as incident dementia cases. Compared to the general population of older‐adults without dementia, those with newly diagnosed dementia had a higher age‐standardized proportion of hospitalizations (26.4% vs. 40%). The odds for hospitalization were highest during the year preceding dementia diagnosis (OR = 3.19, 95% CI 2.51–4.06) compared to 2 years prior to diagnosis, and remained high (although slightly decreased) after dementia diagnosis. Older age was associated with inpatient burden after, but not prior to dementia diagnosis.

Conclusions

Older persons with dementia are a vulnerable population group with increased utilization of inpatient burden compared to those without dementia, particularly in the years surrounding dementia diagnosis. Sociodemographic risk factors may differ with respect to the time surrounding dementia diagnosis.
LRP6 High Bone Mass Characterized in Two Generations Harboring a Unique Mutation of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor‐Related Protein 6
Authors: Whyte Michael P , Mumm Steven , Baker Jonathan C , Zhang Fan , Sedighi Homer , Duan Shenghui , Cundy Tim
Published: January 2023

Osteoblast Wnt/β‐catenin signaling conditions skeletal development and health. Bone formation is stimulated when on the osteoblast surface a Wnt binds to low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 5 (LRP5) or 6 (LRP6), in turn coupled to a frizzled receptor. Sclerostin and dickkopf1 inhibit osteogenesis if either links selectively to the first β‐propeller of LRP5 or LRP6, thereby disassociating these cognate co‐receptors from the frizzled receptor. Sixteen heterozygous mutations identified since 2002 within LRP5 and three heterozygous mutations identified since 2019 within LRP6 prevent this binding of sclerostin or dickkopf1 and account for the exceptionally rare, but highly instructive, autosomal dominant disorders called LRP5 and LRP6 high bone mass (HBM). Herein, we characterize LRP6 HBM in the first large affected family. Their novel heterozygous LRP6 missense mutation (c.719C>T, p.Thr240Ile) was present in two middle‐aged sisters and three of their sons. They considered themselves healthy. Their broad jaw and torus palatinus developed during childhood and, contrary to the two previous reports of LRP6 HBM, the appearance of their adult dentition was unremarkable. Skeletal modeling, defined radiographically, supported classification as an endosteal hyperostosis. Areal bone mineral density (g/cm2) of the lumbar spine and total hip featured accelerated increases reaching Z‐scores of ~ +8 and +6, respectively, although biochemical markers of bone formation were normal. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Stale bread waste recycling as ingredient for fresh oven‐baked white bread: effects on dough viscoelasticity, bread molecular organization, texture, and starch digestibility
Authors: García‐Hernández Ángeles , Roldán‐Cruz César , Vernon‐Carter Eduardo Jaime , Alvarez‐Ramirez Jose
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Wasted food produced for human consumption is estimated at 33% globally, and bread is the food product with the highest percentage. There is an ongoing drive to reincorporate food waste still useful and safe into the production chain of food for human consumption. This work aims to contribute to the study of the feasibility of recycling stale bread waste flour (BWF) into fresh oven‐baked white bread, by replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g/100 g of the wheat flour with BWF.

RESULTS

Storage and loss moduli increased as the BWF content increased. The baked loaf exhibited decreased lightness and yellowness but increased redness. Increasing BWF contents produced decreased loaf volume and hardness but increased moisture content. Fourier‐transform infrared analysis showed that the BWF addition induced important changes in the water, protein, and starch molecular organization. Therefore, starch digestibility showed reductions in both rapidly and slowly digestible starch fractions. Principal component analysis revealed that replacements of up 20 g/100 g can produce white bread with textural, colour, and starch digestibility characteristics like that of the control bread.

CONCLUSION

The fresh oven‐baked white bread variation produced by replacing 20 g/100 g of the wheat flour with BWF exhibited comparable colour, volume, texture, and starch digestibility features as a control bread did made with 0 g/100 BWF. Higher replacement percentages of wheat flour by stale BWF produced unsuitable drawbacks in the white bread characteristics, but those might be deemed as convenient in other types of bakery products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Contemporary issues in the surgical management of pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Paajanen Juuso , Jaklitsch Michael T. , Bueno Raphael
Published: January 2023

The surgical management of pleural mesothelioma (PM) can be divided into diagnostic, staging, palliation, and cytoreductive surgery. In the cytoreductive surgical setting, the combination of different treatment modalities has led to better outcomes than surgery alone. The scarcity of high‐quality studies has led to heterogeneity in management of PM across the mesothelioma treatment centers. Here, we review the literature regarding the most important open questions and ongoing clinical trials.
Sublobar resections for lung cancer: Finally, some answers and some more questions?
Authors: Swanson Scott J. , White Abby
Published: January 2023

The Lung Cancer Study Group Trial, published in 1995, set the tone for lobectomy as the standard of care for early‐stage nonsmall cell lung cancer. Twenty‐seven years and two randomized trials later, does the thoracic oncology community have clarity regarding the choice type of resection, or more questions?
Peritoneal metastases from primary appendiceal and colorectal carcinomas demonstrate distinct molecular identities on comprehensive tumor analysis
Authors: Fleming Andrew M. , Deschner Benjamin W. , Williard Forrest W. , Drake Justin A. , Vanderwalde Ari , Xiu Joanne , Somer Bradley G. , Yakoub Danny , Tsao Miriam W. , Glazer Evan S. , Dickson Paxton V. , Shibata David , Philip Philip A. , Hwang Jimmy J. , Shields Anthony F. , Marshall John L. , Korn W. Michael , Lenz Heinz‐Josef , Deneve Jeremiah L.
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives

Published data comparing peritoneal metastases from appendiceal cancers (pAC) and colorectal cancers (pCRC) remain sparse. We compared pAC and pCRC using comprehensive tumor profiling (CTP).

Methods

CTP was performed, including next‐generation sequencing and analysis of copy number variation (CNV), microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB).

Results

One hundred thirty‐six pAC and 348 pCRC samples underwent CTP. The cohorts' age and gender were similar. pCRC demonstrated increased pathogenic variants (PATHs) in APC (48% vs. 3%, p < 0.01), ARID1A (12% vs. 2%, p < 0.01), BRAF (12% vs. 2%, p < 0.01), FBXW7 (7% vs. 2%, p < 0.01), KRAS (52% vs. 41%, p < 0.05), PIK3CA (15% vs. 2%, p < 0.01), and TP53 (53% vs. 23%, p < 0.01), and decreased PATHs in GNAS (8% vs. 31%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in CNV, fusion rate, or MSI. Median TMB was higher in pCRC (5.8 vs. 5.0 mutations per megabase, p = 0.0007). Rates of TMB‐high tumors were similar (pAC 2.1% vs. pCRC 9.0%, p = 0.1957). pCRC had significantly more TMB‐high tumors at lower thresholds.

Conclusions

Despite a reduced overall TMB, pAC demonstrated mutations distinct from those seen in pCRC. These may serve as discrete biomarkers for future study.