bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Axiomatic Characterization of Data-Driven Influence Measures for Classification
Authors: Sliwinski Jakub , Strobel Martin , Zick Yair
Published: September 2019

We study the following problem: given a labeled dataset and a specific datapoint ∼x, how did the i-th feature influence the classification for ∼x? We identify a family of numerical influence measures — functions that, given a datapoint ∼x, assign a numeric value φi(∼x) to every feature i, corresponding to how altering i’s value would influence the outcome for ∼x. This family, which we term monotone influence measures (MIM), is uniquely derived from a set of desirable properties, or axioms. The MIM family constitutes a provably sound methodology for measuring feature influence in classification domains; the values generated by MIM are based on the dataset alone, and do not make any queries to the classifier. While this requirement naturally limits the scope of our framework, we demonstrate its effectiveness on data.
A Study of Educational Data Mining: Evidence from a Thai University
Authors: Trakunphutthirak Ruangsak , Cheung Yen , Lee Vincent C. S.
Published: September 2019

Educational data mining provides a way to predict student academic performance. A psychometric factor like time management is one of the major issues affecting Thai students’ academic performance. Current data sources used to predict students’ performance are limited to the manual collection of data or data from a single unit of study which cannot be generalised to indicate overall academic performance. This study uses an additional data source from a university log file to predict academic performance. It investigates the browsing categories and the Internet access activities of students with respect to their time management during their studies. A single source of data is insufficient to identify those students who are at-risk of failing in their academic studies. Furthermore, there is a paucity of recent empirical studies in this area to provide insights into the relationship between students’ academic performance and their Internet access activities. To contribute to this area of research, we employed two datasets such as web-browsing categories and Internet access activity types to select the best outcomes, and compared different weights in the time and frequency domains. We found that the random forest technique provides the best outcome in these datasets to identify those students who are at-risk of failure. We also found that data from their Internet access activities reveals more accurate outcomes than data from browsing categories alone. The combination of two datasets reveals a better picture of students’ Internet usage and thus identifies students who are academically at-risk of failure. Further work involves collecting more Internet access log file data, analysing it over a longer period and relating the period of data collection with events during the academic year.
AutoZOOM: Autoencoder-Based Zeroth Order Optimization Method for Attacking Black-Box Neural Networks
Authors: Tu Chun-Chen , Ting Paishun , Chen Pin-Yu , Liu Sijia , Zhang Huan , Yi Jinfeng , Hsieh Cho-Jui , Cheng Shin-Ming
Published: September 2019

Recent studies have shown that adversarial examples in state-of-the-art image classifiers trained by deep neural networks (DNN) can be easily generated when the target model is transparent to an attacker, known as the white-box setting. However, when attacking a deployed machine learning service, one can only acquire the input-output correspondences of the target model; this is the so-called black-box attack setting. The major drawback of existing black-box attacks is the need for excessive model queries, which may give a false sense of model robustness due to inefficient query designs. To bridge this gap, we propose a generic framework for query-efficient blackbox attacks. Our framework, AutoZOOM, which is short for Autoencoder-based Zeroth Order Optimization Method, has two novel building blocks towards efficient black-box attacks: (i) an adaptive random gradient estimation strategy to balance query counts and distortion, and (ii) an autoencoder that is either trained offline with unlabeled data or a bilinear resizing operation for attack acceleration. Experimental results suggest that, by applying AutoZOOM to a state-of-the-art black-box attack (ZOO), a significant reduction in model queries can be achieved without sacrificing the attack success rate and the visual quality of the resulting adversarial examples. In particular, when compared to the standard ZOO method, AutoZOOM can consistently reduce the mean query counts in finding successful adversarial examples (or reaching the same distortion level) by at least 93% on MNIST, CIFAR-10 and ImageNet datasets, leading to novel insights on adversarial robustness.
Deep Latent Generative Models for Energy Disaggregation
Authors: Bejarano Gissella , DeFazio David , Ramesh Arti
Published: September 2019

Thoroughly understanding how energy consumption is disaggregated into individual appliances can help reduce household expenses, integrate renewable sources of energy, and lead to efficient use of energy. In this work, we propose a deep latent generative model based on variational recurrent neural networks (VRNNs) for energy disaggregation. Our model jointly disaggregates the aggregated energy signal into individual appliance signals, achieving superior performance when compared to the state-of-the-art models for energy disaggregation, yielding a 29% and 41% performance improvement on two energy datasets, respectively, without explicitly encoding temporal/contextual information or heuristics. Our model also achieves better prediction performance on lowpower appliances, paving the way for a more nuanced disaggregation model. The structured output prediction in our model helps in accurately discerning which appliance(s) contribute to the aggregated power consumption, thus providing a more useful and meaningful disaggregation model.
Efficient Region Embedding with Multi-View Spatial Networks: A Perspective of Locality-Constrained Spatial Autocorrelations
Authors: Fu Yanjie , Wang Pengyang , Du Jiadi , Wu Le , Li Xiaolin
Published: September 2019

Urban regions are places where people live, work, consume, and entertain. In this study, we investigate the problem of learning an embedding space for regions. Studying the representations of regions can help us to better understand the patterns, structures, and dynamics of cities, support urban planning, and, ultimately, to make our cities more livable and sustainable. While some efforts have been made for learning the embeddings of regions, existing methods can be improved by incorporating locality-constrained spatial autocorrelations into an encode-decode framework. Such embedding strategy is capable of taking into account both intra-region structural information and inter-region spatial autocorrelations. To this end, we propose to learn the representations of regions via a new embedding strategy with awareness of locality-constrained spatial autocorrelations. Specifically, we first construct multi-view (i.e., distance and mobility connectivity) POI-POI networks to represent regions. In addition, we introduce two properties into region embedding: (i) spatial autocorrelations: a global similarity between regions; (ii) top-k locality: spatial autocorrelations locally and approximately reside on top k most autocorrelated regions. We propose a new encoder-decoder based formulation that preserves the two properties while remaining efficient. As an application, we exploit the learned embeddings to predict the mobile checkin popularity of regions. Finally, extensive experiments with real-world urban region data demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method.
VidyutVanika: A Reinforcement Learning Based Broker Agent for a Power Trading Competition
Authors: Ghosh Susobhan , Subramanian Easwar , Bhat Sanjay P. , Gujar Sujit , Paruchuri Praveen
Published: September 2019

A smart grid is an efficient and sustainable energy system that integrates diverse generation entities, distributed storage capacity, and smart appliances and buildings. A smart grid brings new kinds of participants in the energy market served by it, whose effect on the grid can only be determined through high fidelity simulations. Power TAC offers one such simulation platform using real-world weather data and complex state-of-the-art customer models. In Power TAC, autonomous energy brokers compete to make profits across tariff, wholesale and balancing markets while maintaining the stability of the grid. In this paper, we design an autonomous broker VidyutVanika, the runner-up in the 2018 Power TAC competition. VidyutVanika relies on reinforcement learning (RL) in the tariff market and dynamic programming in the wholesale market to solve modified versions of known Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulations in the respective markets. The novelty lies in defining the reward functions for MDPs, solving these MDPs, and the application of these solutions to real actions in the market. Unlike previous participating agents, VidyutVanika uses a neural network to predict the energy consumption of various customers using weather data. We use several heuristic ideas to bridge the gap between the restricted action spaces of the MDPs and the much more extensive action space available to VidyutVanika. These heuristics allow VidyutVanika to convert near-optimal fixed tariffs to time-of-use tariffs aimed at mitigating transmission capacity fees, spread out its orders across several auctions in the wholesale market to procure energy at a lower price, more accurately estimate parameters required for implementing the MDP solution in the wholesale market, and account for wholesale procurement costs while optimizing tariffs. We use Power TAC 2018 tournament data and controlled experiments to analyze the performance of VidyutVanika, and illustrate the efficacy of the above strategies.
Exploiting Sentence Embedding for Medical Question Answering
Authors: Hao Yu , Liu Xien , Wu Ji , Lv Ping
Published: September 2019

Despite the great success of word embedding, sentence embedding remains a not-well-solved problem. In this paper, we present a supervised learning framework to exploit sentence embedding for the medical question answering task. The learning framework consists of two main parts: 1) a sentence embedding producing module, and 2) a scoring module. The former is developed with contextual self-attention and multi-scale techniques to encode a sentence into an embedding tensor. This module is shortly called Contextual self-Attention Multi-scale Sentence Embedding (CAMSE). The latter employs two scoring strategies: Semantic Matching Scoring (SMS) and Semantic Association Scoring (SAS). SMS measures similarity while SAS captures association between sentence pairs: a medical question concatenated with a candidate choice, and a piece of corresponding supportive evidence. The proposed framework is examined by two Medical Question Answering(MedicalQA) datasets which are collected from real-world applications: medical exam and clinical diagnosis based on electronic medical records (EMR). The comparison results show that our proposed framework achieved significant improvements compared to competitive baseline approaches. Additionally, a series of controlled experiments are also conducted to illustrate that the multi-scale strategy and the contextual self-attention layer play important roles for producing effective sentence embedding, and the two kinds of scoring strategies are highly complementary to each other for question answering problems.
Cash-Out User Detection Based on Attributed Heterogeneous Information Network with a Hierarchical Attention Mechanism
Authors: Hu Binbin , Zhang Zhiqiang , Shi Chuan , Zhou Jun , Li Xiaolong , Qi Yuan
Published: September 2019

As one of the major frauds in financial services, cash-out fraud is that users pursue cash gains with illegal or insincere means. Conventional solutions for the cash-out user detection are to perform subtle feature engineering for each user and then apply a classifier, such as GDBT and Neural Network. However, users in financial services have rich interaction relations, which are seldom fully exploited by conventional solutions. In this paper, with the real datasets in Ant Credit Pay of Ant Financial Services Group, we first study the cashout user detection problem and propose a novel hierarchical attention mechanism based cash-out user detection model, called HACUD. Specifically, we model different types of objects and their rich attributes and interaction relations in the scenario of credit payment service with an Attributed Heterogeneous Information Network (AHIN). The HACUD model enhances feature representation of objects through meta-path based neighbors exploiting different aspects of structure information in AHIN. Furthermore, a hierarchical attention mechanism is elaborately designed to model user’s preferences towards attributes and meta-paths. Experimental results on two real datasets show that the HACUD outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Connecting the Digital and Physical World: Improving the Robustness of Adversarial Attacks
Authors: Jan Steve T.K. , Messou Joseph , Lin Yen-Chen , Huang Jia-Bin , Wang Gang
Published: September 2019

While deep learning models have achieved unprecedented success in various domains, there is also a growing concern of adversarial attacks against related applications. Recent results show that by adding a small amount of perturbations to an image (imperceptible to humans), the resulting adversarial examples can force a classifier to make targeted mistakes. So far, most existing works focus on crafting adversarial examples in the digital domain, while limited efforts have been devoted to understanding the physical domain attacks. In this work, we explore the feasibility of generating robust adversarial examples that remain effective in the physical domain. Our core idea is to use an image-to-image translation network to simulate the digital-to-physical transformation process for generating robust adversarial examples. To validate our method, we conduct a large-scale physical-domain experiment, which involves manually taking more than 3000 physical domain photos. The results show that our method outperforms existing ones by a large margin and demonstrates a high level of robustness and transferability.
A Memetic Approach for Sequential Security Games on a Plane with Moving Targets
Authors: Karwowski Jan , Mańdziuk Jacek , Żychowski Adam , Grajek Filip , An Bo
Published: September 2019

This paper introduces a new type of Security Games (SG) played on a plane with targets moving along predefined straight line trajectories and its respective Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation. Three approaches for solving the game are proposed and experimentally evaluated: application of an MILP solver to finding exact solutions for small-size games, MILP-based extension of recently published zero-sum SG approach to the case of generalsum games for finding approximate solutions of medium-size games, and the use of Memetic Algorithm (MA) for mediumsize and large-size game instances, which are beyond MILP’s scalability. Utilization of MA is, to the best of our knowledge, a new idea in the field of SG. The novelty of proposed solution lies specifically in efficient chromosome-based game encoding and dedicated local improvement heuristics. In vast majority of test cases with known equilibrium profiles, the method leads to optimal solutions with high stability and approximately linear time scalability. Another advantage is an iteration-based construction of the system, which makes the approach essentially an anytime method. This property is of paramount importance in case of restrictive time limits, which could hinder the possibility of calculating an exact solution. On a general note, we believe that MA-based methods may offer a viable alternative to MILP solvers for complex games that require application of approximate solving methods.
Adversarial Learning for Weakly-Supervised Social Network Alignment
Authors: Li Chaozhuo , Wang Senzhang , Wang Yukun , Yu Philip , Liang Yanbo , Liu Yun , Li Zhoujun
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, it is common for one natural person to join multiple social networks to enjoy different kinds of services. Linking identical users across multiple social networks, also known as social network alignment, is an important problem of great research challenges. Existing methods usually link social identities on the pairwise sample level, which may lead to undesirable performance when the number of available annotations is limited. Motivated by the isomorphism information, in this paper we consider all the identities in a social network as a whole and perform social network alignment from the distribution level. The insight is that we aim to learn a projection function to not only minimize the distance between the distributions of user identities in two social networks, but also incorporate the available annotations as the learning guidance. We propose three models SNNAu, SNNAb and SNNAo to learn the projection function under the weakly-supervised adversarial learning framework. Empirically, we evaluate the proposed models over multiple datasets, and the results demonstrate the superiority of our proposals.
Is “Geriatric” Assessment Just for Older Patients?
Authors: Aleixo Gabriel F. P. , Choi Seul Ki , Tan Alyssa J. , Nyrop Kirsten A. , Deal Allison M. , Wood William A. , Jolly Trevor A. , Muss Hyman B.
Published: September 2019

Geriatric assessment (GA) is used in oncology to identify deficits in older patients with cancer that may affect treatment choice. We examine GA in 550 patients with early breast cancer, including both younger (<65 years) and older women (aged 65 years or older), to assess the potential value of this tool in younger, presumed “healthier” patients. Although older women have more GA-identified deficits overall, younger patients are more anxious. Suboptimal physical function was problematic across the age spectrum. GA domains can identify major deficits in younger patients beyond those likely to be uncovered in routine investigation.
Effect of concrete modification on shear of connections for timber–concrete composites
Authors: Richard Pierre , Liu Zuowei , Descamps Thierry , Sikora Karol S.
Published: September 2019

Timber–concrete composites (TCCs) take advantage of the properties of timber and concrete simultaneously. TCC slabs consist of timber beams or a timber deck, which resist tensile and bending stresses, connected through different types of shear connectors to an upper concrete slab, which withstands compressive stresses. The stiffness and strength of the slab are mostly defined by the properties of the connectors. To avoid the use of external materials that could be environmentally harmful, micro-notch connections were tested. These micro-notch connections are notches cut into timber elements and filled with wet concrete. The research focused on the influence of the gap between the micro-notches, the experimental configuration, the concrete composition and the concrete curing process on the shear strength of the connectors. The concrete compositions included ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and superabsorbent polymer (SAP). These additives were used to evaluate their compliance with the shear strength of the TCC connections. GGBS was used to reduce the cement content in the concrete mix and SAP was used as a water-entraining agent to reduce the autogenous shrinkage of the concrete.
The electronic magazine “A Bioquímica como ela é” as a learning tool in science communication
Authors: Fonseca Moreira José Cláudio , Brinckmann Oliveira Netto Alice
Published: September 2019

The online journal "A Bioquímica como ela é" is a scientific divulgation magazine that is currently being published with texts produced mainly by undergraduate students of Biological Sciences course-UFRGS (disciplines of Biochemistry I-A and Biochemistry Ecology I). The purpose of this project is to use the texts as a scientific literacy tool for students of the public and private elementary school, providing a different way to discover the universe of Science. In addition, motivate undergraduate students in the production of materials for scientific divulgation. In the development of the work, several texts and materials were produced, which after being created, edited, published and divulgated to the general public, were selected and applied in the elementary school classes of the public network of Porto Alegre city. As examples we can name:  "Why do dogs smell?" "(N ° 6 - Ecological Biochemistry) and "Why do we dream "? (No. 6 - Biochemistry I). In schools, students received a text corresponding to their series and a questionnaire with objective questions and a dissertation. Through the answers it was possible to notice difficulties of textual comprehension and development of the writing by the participants, because sometimes the objectives and subjective answers did not coincide. There was a good verbal feedback from the participants, showing interest in texts and subjects, probably due to the awakening of curiosity to understand ordinary facts by a light scientific explanation. In addition, the return of the participants and their difficulties helped us to guide the production of the Biological Sciences Course students aiming at a better adaptation of the texts and audiovisual materials produced. Therefore, this project fulfills its objectives of both stimulating and training undergraduate students to participate in projects of school / university interaction and scientific divulgation, as well as to develop scientific tools for fundamental education.
Journal of Biochemistry Education: disseminating and encouraging the production in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology education
Authors: Gerber Hornink Gabriel
Published: September 2019

The Journal of Biochemistry Education, called previously the Journal of the Brazilian Journal of Education for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, created in 2001 within SBBq, aiming at the dissemination of research work in Biochemistry teaching. In 2012, it underwent several transformations, including a new name, change of electronic management system and expansion of scope. In 2015, began receiving articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish. In recent years, we have sought to broaden connections with researchers from other countries, who currently make up the journal's editorial staff. In order to expand the access to the magazine, we planned several actions of dissemination and indexing, including group in Facebook, indexing in several bases, besides registering in libraries. In this sense, we work to have a Journal that contributes to disseminate research in teaching and also (here the differential) to value and disseminate good practices of teachers in primary and higher education, as well as actions of scientific dissemination. During the symposium, we will present some of this history and work of the team that seeks to improve teaching-learning Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and related areas.
Cellular Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus: a ludic educational approach for High School students
Authors: Santana A. M. , Riebiro F. A. , Lima R. M.
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which affects thousands of people worldwide at increasingly early age. It is known as a chronic noncommunicable disease (NCD), of slow, severe and progressive evolution, requiring intensive treatment and appropriate supervision. It shows high prevalence among young people. Causes of diabetes mellitus are commonly associated to inadequate food consumption and sedentary lifestyle, genetic predisposition and cellular alterations.OBJECTIVE: the study aimed at developing the knowledge of how this disease originates in the cells by means of ludic classroom activities designed for High School students.MATERIAL AND METHODS: a questionnaire was initially applied to verify the students’ previous knowledge of the disease. Terminology associated to cells and diabetes was selected and used in a teaching approach which was simploe and adequate to the students’ level of understanding. Didactic sequences included models made with EVA (ethylene vynil acetate) to simulate enterocytes and the beta cells of the pancreas, presentation of an anatomic doll to promote understanding of the digestion process and absorption of nutrients, participatory theater using a giant cell to simulate insulin-regulated mechanisms, a myth and fact game, and a kitchen set. The class ended with a second questionnaire to evaluate student satisfaction toward the methodology.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: the use of a ludic pedagogical approach to demonstrate the cell origin of the disease motivated student voluntary participation, and provided perception of their lack of information on the biology of diabetes mellitus. Data show that the ludic pedagogical approach facilitated understanding of certain topics in Biology and the disease itself.
DNA Fingerprint: a Lab Protocol for High School Students
Authors: Ribeiro G. A.F. , Pereira L. E. , Costa G. C.
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION. The amount of new discoveries in molecular biology as well as the speed with which technological advances have been occurring and presented to students increases the complexity, the dynamics and the fluidity of the school environment. However, the approaching methods and the teaching resources used in classroom remains the most traditional ever. Therefore, the development of alternative methodologies which can overcome the deficiencies in schooling-learning process and motivate students for science field is needed. OBJECTIVE. Thus, we aimed to standardize a laboratorial protocol for simulate DNA fingerprint technique directed for high school students. MATHERIAL AND METHODS. Once the original protocol with DNA samples requires expensive reagents and equipment, practical activities were performed with protein samples. Protein extraction protocols used for seven distinct samples were tested: food supplements; milk serum; blood serum; powdered milk; animal; plant; rice bran. Each protocol efficacy was tested in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Best samples were chosen for simulate the band patterns in an electrophoresis gel ordinarily found in DNA fingerprint methods. COMCLUSIONS. Therefore, such results may be used for forensic and paternity tests simulations in an alternative teaching activity for high school students, which could arise the opportunity to approach the basics principles of science technology and research. However, more tests are required in order to reproduce the results with cheaper protocols and make its viability in the class. Nonetheless, results accomplished in this work may be reproduced by school teachers in a partnership with academy labs in order to bring biotechnology resources to students life.
La crisis de identidad de las cooperativas agrarias en Francia
Authors: Vargas-Prieto Amanda
Published: September 2019

El contexto evolutivo del sector agrícola en Francia llevó a las cooperativas agrarias a crear grupos de empresas que combinan las cooperativas tradicionales —encargadas del proceso de producción— y las filiales, encargadas de agregar valor a la producción. En este artículo se presenta la especificidad de los grupos cooperativos agrarios en Francia. La nueva estructura cooperativa lleva a asociar el modo de gobernanza asociativo de la estructura tradicional y el modo de gobernanza accionarial de las filiales en un modo híbrido que provoca una crisis de identidad a este tipo de empresa.
SOSYAL ADALET SAVUNUCULUĞU ÖLÇEĞİNİN (SASÖ) DOĞRULAYICI FAKTÖR ANALİZİ
Authors: KIRLIOĞLU Mehmet , TEKİN Hasan Hüseyin
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı yurt dışında geçerlilik ve
güvenirliği yapılmış olan Sosyal Adalet Savunuculuğu Ölçeği'ni Türk kültürüne
uyarlanmasıdır. Dean (2009) tarafından ortaya konan, 43 madde ve dört faktörden
oluşan “Sosyal Adalet Savunuculuğu Ölçeği”'nin birçok çalışmada kullanılmasına
rağmen bu çalışmalarda ölçeğin Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA)’nin yapılmadığı
tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin geçerliliği için öncelikle çeviri çalışması, yapı
geçerliliğini değerlendirmek üzere Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) Testi, Barlett’s
Testi ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Güvenirlik
yöntemlerinden madde istatistikleri, testi yarılama ve Cronbach Alpha
Katsayısı'ndan yararlanılmıştır. Zamana karşı değişmezliğini test etmek için
ölçek dört hafta arayla aynı örnekleme uygulanmıştır. KMO değerinin .958;
Barlett değerinin 10539.5360 ve p=.000 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 43 madde ve
dört alt faktörden oluşan SASÖ’ye ilişkin yapılan Birinci Düzey DFA sonucunda
iki madde ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. 41 madde ve dört alt faktörden oluşan SASÖ’ye
ilişkin yapılan Birinci ve İkinci Düzey DFA sonuçları incelendiğinde X2/Sd
model uyumunun ve CFI, IFI, RMSEA, RMR, SRMR, PNFI ve PGFI model uyum
indekslerinin iyi düzeyde olduğu bulunmuştur. Tüm maddelerin madde ölçek toplam
korelasyon değerleri .30’un üstünde bulunmuştur. SASÖ’nün Cronbach Alpha değeri
.94 ve alt boyutların Cronbach Alpha değeri .74 ile .94 arasında değişmektedir.
SASÖ’nün iki yarı güvenirlik katsayısı .89 olup alt boyutların ise .73-.90
arasında değişmektedir. SASÖ’nün zamana karşı değişmezliğini belirlemek
amacıyla yapılan ön test–son test ölçümleri arasında pozitif yönlü doğrusal bir
ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur (r=.83; p=.000). Sonuç olarak SASÖ’nün geçerli ve
oldukça güvenilir olduğu, zamansal olarak değişim göstermediği saptanmıştır.
KARAKOYUNLU, AKKOYUNLU VE OSMANLI ÖRNEKLEMİNE GÖRE XV. YÜZYIL TÜRKMEN DEVLETLERİNDE NESEP VE MEŞRUİYET KURGUSU
Authors: SOHRABIABAD Hamidreza
Published: September 2019

Karakoyunlu, Akkoyunlu ve Osmanlı devletleri yalnızca
coğrafi olarak değil demografik olarak da birbiriyle kesişen bir zemine
sahiptir. Söz konusu ortaklık, coğrafya kadar devleti kurup yaşatacak popülasyon
üzerinde de bir mücadelenin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Türkmen
toplulukların zaman zaman bir siyasi teşekkülde yer alıp hemen akabinde
diğerine yönelmesi, vergiden askeri düzene kadar hemen her alanda ciddi
sorunlar doğurmuş, nihayetinde iktidarların meşruluğu önemli varoluş
problemleri yaşamıştır. Bu bağamda her üç devletin nesep meselesine ciddiyetle
eğilmesi, tarihi kaynaklarda nesebin bir nevi kimlik inşa malzemesi olarak
kullanılması dikkat çekicidir. Çalışmamızda dönemin birincil kaynaklarından
hareketle Karakoyunlu, Akkoyunlu ve Osmanlı devletlerinde nesep ve meşruiyet
meselelerinin ele alınışı İbn Haldun’un Mukaddime’sinden hareketle
değerlendirilecektir. Böylesi bir yaklaşımın aynı zaman diliminde zuhur eden
devletlerin siyasi ve mezhepsel rekabetlerini anlamak hususuna katkı
sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
KAM SPİKER TÜRLERİ AÇISINDAN GENEL KANALLAR İLE HABER KANALLARI KARŞILAŞTIRMASI
Authors: KARADAĞ Gökmen Hakan
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı televizyon kanallarının izlenme oranı
(rating) yarışının haberlerin sunum şekillerinden biri olarak kam spiker
tercihlerine etkisini araştırmaktır.   Çalışma, izlenme oranı baskısının televizyon
haber editörlerini daha sansasyonel bir tarza sevk edip etmediğini, sevk
ediyorsa bunun derecesini ortaya çıkarmak bakımından önem taşımaktadır. TV
haberciliği literatüründe kam spiker’ler üç türde sınıflandırılabilir: doğrudan
ve sert girişli kam spiker (hard lead), dolaylı girişli ve merak uyandıran kam
spiker (soft lead), çarpıcı bir alıntıyla başlayan kam spiker (quote lead). Bu
kam spikerlerden hangisinin ne oranda kullanılacağına ilişkin editoryal karar alırken
çeşitli kriterler göz önünde tutulur: kanalın türü, yayın kuşağının türü,
haberin türü. Çalışmada Türkiye’de genel TV kanalları ile tematik haber
kanalları arasında kam spiker türü tercihi ve kullanım ağırlığı karşılaştırmalı
olarak incelenmektedir. Genel TV kanalları olarak Show, Star ve ATV; haber
kanalları olarak da NTV, Haber Global ve HaberTürk’ün ana haber bültenlerinin
içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Görece daha yoğun “izlenme oranı baskısı” altında
çalışan genel kanalların ana haber bültenlerinde, tematik haber kanallarının
ana haber bültenlerine göre ‘dolaylı ve merak uyandıran kam spiker’lerin daha
fazla tercih edilmesi beklenebilir. Çalışmanın sonuçları bu varsayımı
desteklemiştir.
Produção textual numa perspectiva enunciativa: uma sequência didática com o gênero artigo de opinião
Authors: Crestani Luciana Maria , Pes Silvânia De Araujo
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa teórico-aplicada que teve como objetivos investigar sobre a produção de textos numa perspectiva enunciativa (BAKHTIN, 2011) e desenvolver uma proposta de ensino de produção textual nesse viés. O gênero artigo de opinião foi tomado como foco da atividade e a produção seguiu os moldes de uma sequência didática, nos termos de Schneuwly e Dolz (2010). A prática foi desenvolvida com uma turma de primeiro ano de Ensino Médio de uma escola da rede estadual do Rio Grande do Sul. Neste artigo, relatamos o processo de aplicação da sequência didática, apontando as principais dificuldades observadas acerca da produção deste gênero, as atividades desenvolvidas para sanar tais dificuldades e os resultados obtidos ao final do trabalho.
Conexão por similaridade e conexão por contiguidade: a organização dos motivos argumentativos do texto
Authors: Malcorra Bárbara Luzia Covatti
Published: September 2019

Este artigo toma como ponto de partida o estudo realizado por Graeff (2012), no qual a autora percebe a ocorrência de dois processos que conectam enunciados em textos: o processo de similaridade e o processo de contiguidade. A partir disso, e com base no suporte teórico da Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos (TBS), este estudo busca verificar como os motivos argumentativos – julgamentos argumentativos completos que exprimem um aspecto argumentativo e evocam encadeamentos (CAREL, 2012) – se organizam no texto, bem como de que modo as conexões – por contiguidade e por similaridade – estabelecidas entre os enunciados permitem explicitar o sentido global. O corpus da pesquisa consiste em uma crônica publicada no jornal Zero Hora. A metodologia de análise inclui (a) a divisão dos textos em trechos que exprimem motivos argumentativos; (b) a evocação de encadeamentos argumentativos tanto normativos, expressos em DC (portanto), como transgressivos, expressos em PT (no entanto); (c) a associação a cada um dos encadeamentos evocados do aspecto argumentativo do bloco semântico que expressam; (d) a identificação do tipo de conexão estabelecida entre os enunciados (por contiguidade ou por similaridade); e, por fim, (e) a explicitação do sentido global do texto. Verifica-se, nas análises, não só ocorrências de conexões por contiguidade e por similaridade entre enunciados de um mesmo trecho, mas também entre trechos diferentes. Destaca-se, assim, a possibilidade de explicitar, a partir da perspectiva da Semântica Argumentativa, a progressão temática do texto com vista ao sentido global.
Enunciação e cidadania: o replanejamento didático na busca pelas culturas negadas e silenciadas em sala de aula
Authors: Oliveira Giovane Fernandes
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem dois objetivos: 1) apresentar um relato de experiência de estágio de docência em Língua Portuguesa e Literatura, realizado numa turma de 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública do município de Canoas, na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS); 2) refletir sobre o replanejamento didático em Língua Portuguesa e Literatura a partir das demandas emergentes da turma em questão, demandas estas relacionadas a posturas preconceituosas demonstradas pelos alunos uns em relação aos outros. A partir de uma reflexão conduzida por referenciais teóricos advindos da Linguística e da Educação – a teoria enunciativa de Émile Benveniste, a perspectiva de educação linguística de Simões et al. (2012) e as teorias pós-críticas de currículo e planejamento representadas por Santomé (1995), Corazza (1997) e Silva (2001) –, chega-se a duas conclusões. Primeira conclusão: é imprescindível inserir, no planejamento didático, as culturas negadas e silenciadas no currículo escolar, a fim de desenvolver junto aos alunos os letramentos críticos e protagonistas (ROJO, 2014), formando-os para o exercício da cidadania e o respeito à diversidade. Segunda conclusão: um planejamento didático pautado numa concepção enunciativa de linguagem e numa perspectiva de educação linguística comprometida com o acesso dos alunos às culturas de escrita contribui para o aprimoramento de suas competências e habilidades relacionadas à leitura e à produção de textos como práticas sociais de uso da língua.
Aprendizagem da compreensão leitora: uma proposta de transposição didática da Teoria da Polifonia e da Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos
Authors: De Azevedo Tânia Maris
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo trago à discussão uma proposta de ensino da compreensão leitora fundada na Teoria da Argumentação na Língua (TAL), de Oswald Ducrot e Marion Carel. Concebendo a compreensão leitora como uma habilidade a ser constantemente desenvolvida pelo sujeito leitor, penso que a transposição didática da Teoria da Polifonia e da Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos, versões mais recentes da TAL, pode contribuir significativamente para a aprendizagem ou a qualificação da leitura. A ideia que submeto aqui à apreciação da comunidade científica é a de que, por um lado, a concepção polifônica do sentido é capaz de subsidiar o desenvolvimento do nível analítico da compreensão em leitura. Por outro lado, a Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos fornece mecanismos que, devidamente transpostos para o contexto de aprendizagem, potencializam, in thesis, o desenvolvimento do nível sintético da compreensão leitora.
Sheet metal with variable mechanical properties over its thickness
Authors: Maksimov A. B. , Shevchenko I. P. , Erohina I. S.
Published: September 2019

The influence of one-sided accelerated cooling of A32 plate shipbuilding steel with thickness of 10·10–3 m on structure and mechanical properties was investigated. As a result of such cooling, continuous spectrum of microstructures from ferrite-bainite on the rapidly cooled surface to ferrite-perlite on the opposite surface is formed along the billet thickness. Therefore, over the billet thickness strength properties are reduced from rapidly cooled surface to the opposite one. Thus, the gradient of strength characteristics (hardness, yield strength and rupture strength) along the billet thickness is directed to rapidly cooled surface. For comparative analysis, other batches of billets were subjected to normalization and hardening with high tempering. The analysis of mechanical properties has shown that strength and plastic properties of the samples at unilateral accelerated cooling are at level of heat-strengthened state. Testing on impact strength of the samples with variable distribution of mechanical properties over their thickness has shown that the impact depends on correlation of gradient directions of strength properties and load application. In impact bending test at the temperature of –40 °C, if the direction of load application is opposite to gradient of strength properties, the impact work was more than 300 J (the sample did not collapse). At coincidence of directions of the gradient deformation resistance and load, energy of the blow was 262 J. Thus, if the direction of deformation resistance gradient coincides with the direction of external applied load, then it leads to an increase in plasticity of steel. It is shown that, knowing distribution of strength characteristics over the sample thickness, it is possible to calculate integral values of yield strength and rupture strength of the sample. Value of relative through-thickness elongation increases from the rapidly cooled surface to the opposite one. Integral elongation of the billet is less than the smallest relative through-thickness elongation. With changing thickness strength of the billet during bending, displacement of the neutral deformation line relative to the geometrically average line in the direction of the strength properties gradient is inevitable. The position of neutral line of deformation during bending is proposed to be determined by the value of experimental integral yield strength (rupture strength).
Production of three-layer steel bimetallic strips in the unit of continuous casting and deformation. Report 1
Authors: Lekhov O. S. , Mikhalev A. V. , Shevelev M. M.
Published: September 2019

High technical and economic efficiency of the use of bimetals in chemical, oil, transport and energy engineering and other industries is described. The urgency of creating high-performance continuous processes for the production of bimetallic strips is substantiated. The authors have established the main technological tasks for development of the processes of obtaining bimetal of wide class. The paper describes resource-saving production technology of three-layer bimetals alloyed steel – constructional steel – alloyed steel at the unit of combined process of continuous casting and deformation. Possibilities of the proposed technology are outlined from the standpoint of improving the quality of bimetallic strips. The initial data are given to determine the temperature change over time of the main steel strip as it passes through the molten metal of the alloyed steel. The equations are given for non-stationary heat conduction, initial and boundary conditions for determining the temperature fields of main strip and cladding layer when obtaining a three-layer bimetallic strip on the unit of a combined process of continuous casting and deformation. The values of density, thermal conductivity and heat capacity for steel St3 were determined in a given temperature range. A procedure is described for calculating temperatures in the ANSYS package by solving a non-stationary heat conduction problem in a flat formulation by the finite element method. The authors have described the geometric model for calculating the temperature of strip and molten metal of the cladding layer. Values of the coefficient of heat transfer between the main strip and molten metal of the cladding layers of bimetallic strip are given adopted for calculation. Characteristic points are indicated in the model for calculating the temperatures of main strip and molten metal of the cladding layer. The graphs show temporal changes in these temperatures at production of a three-layer bimetallic strip on the unit of combined process of continuous casting and deformation. Calculated data on the time variation of temperature of main strip and molten metal of the cladding layer at characteristic points are given for different values of the contact heat transfer coefficient.
Effect of additives introduction to fluxes manufactured from ladle electric steel slag
Authors: Kozyrev N. A. , Mikhno A. R. , Kryukov R. E. , Kalinogorskii A. N. , Bashchenko L. P.
Published: September 2019

Studies of welding and surfacing fluxes containing ladle slag of electric-steel production of rail steel of JSC “EVRAZ ZSMK” were carried out. Welding under the flux was performed on the samples of sheet steel 09G2S by Sv-08GА wire using the weldingtractor ASAW1250 at exhaust modes. Chemical compositions of welding fluxes and slag crusts were determined. Also chemical composition of the studied welded samples was determined according to GOST 10543 – 98 by x-ray fluorescence method on XRF-1800 spectrometer and by atomic emission method on DFS-71 spectrometer. Metallographic studies were carried out with the use of an optical microscope OLYMPUS GX-51. The content of total oxygen and surface oxygen was studied using the LECO TC–600 analyzer. The possibility of using technogenic waste products of metallurgical production is shown for the production of welding fluxes. The following components were used for production of welding flux: ladle slag of electric steelmaking of rail steel from “EVRAZ ZSMK” JSC; BSK barium-strontium modifier produced under the terms of 1717-001-75073896 – 2005 by “NPK Metallotekhnoprom”; slag of silicomanganese production from “West Siberian steel plant”; electrostatic dust of aluminum production from “RUSAL” (carbonfluor-containing supplement). The studies have shown the suitability of the use of ladle electric steel slag for welding and surfacing of alloyed metal. The introduction of various flux additives reduces the concentration of total oxygen in the weld metal, which in turn increases the toughness. From the point of oxygen concentration in weld metal and impact toughness, it is better to use silica-manganese slag and carbon-fluoride additive as flux additives.
Оn wear resistance of steel-containing composites under extreme friction conditions
Authors: Fadin V. V. , Kolubaev A. V. , Aleutdinova M. I.
Published: September 2019

The interrelation between the mechanisms of surface layer deterioration of powder composites and the elemental compositions of their primary structures under extreme conditions of friction was studied. Extreme conditions were set by sliding under high pressure (higher 100 MPa) in boundary lubrication or by dry sliding under high density electric current (higher 100 A/cm2). It caused plastic deformation of the surface layers and their deterioration due to lowcycle fatigue. High wear resistance of materials in such conditions should be achieved due to satisfactory stress relaxation in the surface layers. It was suggested that stresses should be relaxed due to local plastic deformation in vicinity of the emerging stress concentrators. The ease of plastic deformation (and ease of relaxation) should be ensured by reducing the doping of the composites structural components, i.e. due to the lack of solid solutions. It was shown that the composites having the Cu – steel (alloy) – TiC compositions obtained by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis with simultaneous pressing of the burning charge had strong adhesion in the sliding contact and showed low wear resistance under high pressures boundary friction. The absence of solid solutions in the primary structure of the Cu – Fe – TiC composite corresponded to high wear resistance due to the absence of adhesion in the contact and easy stress relaxation. Composites of Cu – steel-graphite compounds, made by sintering in vacuum, showed strong adhesion in a dry sliding electrical contact and low wear resistance due to the high content of alloying elements. It was noted that the absence of solutions in the composite composition of Cu – Fe – graphite caused the absence of adhesion in contact and the corresponding high wear resistance. In addition, stresses in the surface layer were also relaxed by the formation of FeO oxide in the contact space during sliding with the current collector. Composites containing solid solutions were not capable of forming FeO oxide on the sliding surface. It was an additional reason for the low wear resistance realization. It was noted that solid solutions caused a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the surface layer. Therefore, it led to an increase in temperature gradients on the sliding surface and to a сorresponding acceleration of the friction zone deterioration.
Traslación de textos medievales en lengua vernácula. Reflexiones a partir de una experiencia de traducción colaborativa de la Vie seinte Osith, virge e martire
Authors: Alcatena María Eugenia , Dumas María
Published: September 2019

En el presente artículo analizamos la elaboración e implementación de un método colaborativo de trabajo orientado a la resolución de las dificultades que nos planteó la traducción de la Vie seinte Osith, un relato hagiográfico escrito en francés antiguo hacia finales del siglo xii. En primer lugar, examinamos algunas peculiaridades distintivas de la textualidad medieval que presentan problemas específicos para la traducción. Procedemos, luego, a evaluar los beneficios, así como los desafíos, que implicó la cooperación: establecer una dinámica, pautar actividades, definir criterios. Como resultado de este proceso, arribamos a un método de trabajo que ofrecemos a consideración como caso testigo de labor colaborativa.Fecha de recepción: 30/04/2019Fecha de aceptación: 14/06/2019¿Cómo citar este artículo?Alcatena, M. E. y Dumas, M. (2019). Traslación de textos medievales en lengua vernácula. Reflexiones a partir de una experiencia de traducción colaborativa de la Vie seinte Osith, virge e martire. Mutatis Mutandis, Revista Latinoamericana de Traducción, 12(2), 386-405. doi: 10.27533/udea.mut.v12n1a03