bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A utopia do livro-monumento
Authors: Marcelino Vitor
Published: May 2020

O seguinte artigo busca apresentar um recuo histórico com o intuito de compreender como a tradicional concepção de livro foi reformulada no período de vanguarda, especialmente a russa, a partir da incorporação da fotografia em sua estrutura. Nesse processo, privilegiaremos o estudo sobre as contaminações entre cinema, literatura, revistas e jornais ilustrados, cartazes e design de exposições para que possamos compreender, de modo histórico, o aspecto híbrido dado ao livro fotográfico. Teremos como foco as produções e reflexões teóricas do artista El Lissitzky (1890-1941) e dos cineastas Dziga Vertov (1896-1954) e Sergei Eisenstein (1898-1948) em aproximação com os escritos do filósofo alemão Walter Benjamin (1892-1940).
Vocês não reconhecerão mais os frutos pelos seus gostos
Authors: Oliveira Natalia Belasalma de
Published: May 2020

Este artigo examina parte da produção teórica e artística que Arthur Omar realiza nas décadas de 1970 e 1980. A partir de comentários gerais sobre a obra do cineasta, o texto localiza sua filmografia no cenário da produção moderna brasileira e discute sua teoria do “antidocumentário”, verificando, inclusive, as afinidades dessa abordagem com o “cinema de poesia”, de Pier Paolo Pasolini. Por fim, analisa Música Barroca Mineira, curta-metragem de 1981 que aborda aquilo que Omar chama de “civilização barroca” e mostra como um filme poderia assimilar à sua própria tessitura as características de seu objeto.
Vascular Regeneration in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Cooke John P. , Meng Shu
Published: May 2020

Peripheral artery disease is a common disorder and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therapy is directed at reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and at ameliorating symptoms. Medical therapy is effective at reducing the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke to which these patients are prone but is inadequate in relieving limb-related symptoms, such as intermittent claudication, rest pain, and ischemic ulceration. Limb-related morbidity is best addressed with surgical and endovascular interventions that restore perfusion. Current medical therapies have only modest effects on limb blood flow. Accordingly, there is an opportunity to develop medical approaches to restore limb perfusion. Vascular regeneration to enhance limb blood flow includes methods to enhance angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and vasculogenesis using angiogenic cytokines and cell therapies. We review the molecular mechanisms of these processes; briefly discuss what we have learned from the clinical trials of angiogenic and cell therapies; and conclude with an overview of a potential new approach based upon transdifferentiation to enhance vascular regeneration in peripheral artery disease.
Platelets Endocytose Viral Particles and Are Activated via TLR (Toll-Like Receptor) Signaling
Authors: Banerjee Meenakshi , Huang Yunjie , Joshi Smita , Popa Gabriel J. , Mendenhall Michael D. , Wang Qing Jun , Garvy Beth A. , Myint Thein , Whiteheart Sidney W.
Published: May 2020

Objective:

Thrombocytopenia is associated with many viral infections suggesting virions interact with and affect platelets. Consistently, viral particles are seen inside platelets, and platelet activation markers are detected in viremic patients. In this article, we sought mechanistic insights into these virion/platelet interactions by examining how platelets endocytose, traffic, and are activated by a model virion.

Approach and Results:

Using fluorescently tagged HIV-1 pseudovirions, 3-dimensional structured illumination microscopy, and transgenic mouse models, we probed the interactions between platelets and virions. Mouse platelets used known endocytic machinery, that is, dynamin, VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-3, and Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6), to take up and traffic HIV-1 pseudovirions. Endocytosed HIV-1 pseudovirions trafficked through early (Rab4
+
) and late endosomes (Rab7
+
), and then to an LC3
+
(microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) compartment. Incubation with virions induced IRAK4 (interleukin 1 receptor–associated kinase 4), Akt (protein kinase B), and IKK (IκB kinase) activation, granule secretion, and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation. This activation required TLRs (Toll-like receptors) and MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88) but was less extensive and slower than activation with thrombin. In vivo, HIV-1 pseudovirions injection led to virion uptake and platelet activation, as measured by IKK activation, platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation, and mild thrombocytopenia. All were decreased in VAMP-3
−/−
and, megakaryocyte/platelet-specific, Arf6
−/−
mice. Similar platelet activation profiles (increased platelet-leukocyte aggregates, plasma platelet factor 4, and phospho-IκBα) were detected in newly diagnosed and antiretroviral therapy–controlled HIV-1
+
patients.

Conclusions:

Collectively, our data provide mechanistic insights into the cell biology of how platelets endocytose and process virions. We propose a mechanism by which platelets sample the circulation and respond to potential pathogens that they take up.
Differential Roles of Endothelial Cell-Derived and Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Fibronectin Containing Extra Domain A in Early and Late Atherosclerosis
Authors: Doddapattar Prakash , Dev Rishabh , Jain Manish , Dhanesha Nirav , Chauhan Anil K.
Published: May 2020

Objective:

The extracellular matrix of atherosclerotic arteries contains abundant deposits of cellular Fn-EDA (fibronectin containing extra domain A), suggesting a functional role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Fn-EDA is synthesized by several cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which are known to contribute to different stages of atherosclerosis. Although previous studies using global Fn-EDA-deficient mice have demonstrated that Fn-EDA is proatherogenic, the cell-specific role of EC versus SMC-derived-Fn-EDA in atherosclerosis has not been investigated yet.

Approach and Results:

To determine the relative contribution of different pools of Fn-EDA in atherosclerosis, we generated mutant strains lacking Fn-EDA in the ECs (Fn-EDA
EC-KO
) or smooth muscle cells (Fn-EDA
SMC-KO
) on apolipoprotein E-deficient (
Apoe
−/−
) background. The extent of atherosclerotic lesion progression was evaluated in whole aortae, and cross-sections of the aortic sinus in male and female mice fed a high-fat Western diet for either 4 weeks (early atherosclerosis) or 14 weeks (late atherosclerosis). Irrespective of sex, Fn-EDA
EC-KO
, but not Fn-EDA
SMC-KO
mice, exhibited significantly reduced early atherogenesis concomitant with decrease in inflammatory cells (neutrophil and macrophage) and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) expression levels within the plaques. In late atherosclerosis model, irrespective of sex, Fn-EDA
SMC-KO
mice exhibited significantly reduced atherogenesis, but not Fn-EDA
EC-KO
mice, that was concomitant with decreased macrophage content within plaques. Lesional SMCs, collagen content, and plasma inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor-α] and IL-1β [interleukin-1β]), total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were comparable among groups.

Conclusions:

EC-derived Fn-EDA contributes to early atherosclerosis, whereas SMC-derived Fn-EDA contributes to late atherosclerosis.
Obesity Phenotypes, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Piché Marie-Eve , Tchernof André , Després Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2020

This review addresses the interplay between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. It is proposed that obesity, generally defined by an excess of body fat causing prejudice to health, can no longer be evaluated solely by the body mass index (expressed in kg/m
2
) because it represents a heterogeneous entity. For instance, several cardiometabolic imaging studies have shown that some individuals who have a normal weight or who are overweight are at high risk if they have an excess of visceral adipose tissue—a condition often accompanied by accumulation of fat in normally lean tissues (ectopic fat deposition in liver, heart, skeletal muscle, etc). On the other hand, individuals who are overweight or obese can nevertheless be at much lower risk than expected when faced with excess energy intake if they have the ability to expand their subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, particularly in the gluteal-femoral area. Hence, excessive amounts of visceral adipose tissue and of ectopic fat largely define the cardiovascular disease risk of overweight and moderate obesity. There is also a rapidly expanding subgroup of patients characterized by a high accumulation of body fat (severe obesity). Severe obesity is characterized by specific additional cardiovascular health issues that should receive attention. Because of the difficulties of normalizing body fat content in patients with severe obesity, more aggressive treatments have been studied in this subgroup of individuals such as obesity surgery, also referred to as metabolic surgery. On the basis of the above, we propose that we should refer to obesities rather than obesity.
Leukocyte Heterogeneity in Adipose Tissue, Including in Obesity
Authors: Weinstock Ada , Moura Silva Hernandez , Moore Kathryn J. , Schmidt Ann Marie , Fisher Edward A.
Published: May 2020

Adipose tissue (AT) plays a central role in both metabolic health and pathophysiology. Its expansion in obesity results in increased mortality and morbidity, with contributions to cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, and cancer. Obesity prevalence is at an all-time high and is projected to be 50% in the United States by 2030. AT is home to a large variety of immune cells, which are critical to maintain normal tissue functions. For example, γδ T cells are fundamental for AT innervation and thermogenesis, and macrophages are required for recycling of lipids released by adipocytes. The expansion of visceral white AT promotes dysregulation of its immune cell composition and likely promotes low-grade chronic inflammation, which has been proposed to be the underlying cause for the complications of obesity. Interestingly, weight loss after obesity alters the AT immune compartment, which may account for the decreased risk of developing these complications. Recent technological advancements that allow molecular investigation on a single-cell level have led to the discovery of previously unappreciated heterogeneity in many organs and tissues. In this review, we will explore the heterogeneity of immune cells within the visceral white AT and their contributions to homeostasis and pathology.
A revision of Strigiphilus (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Japan
Authors: SHIMADA MEGUMI , YOSHIZAWA KAZUNORI
Published: May 2020

The Japanese species of the genus Strigiphilus Mjöberg, 1910 (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) are revised. Six species are recorded, including a new species belonging to the cursitans species-group: Strigiphilus stenocephalus new species, described from the type host Otus bakkamoena semitorques and based on specimens originally identified and reported by Uchida (1949) as Strigiphilus rostratus (Burmeister, 1838). A lectotype for Strigiphilus laticephalus (Uchida, 1949) (type host: Strix aluco yamadae) is designated and redescribed, and this louse species is synonymized under Strigiphilus cursor (Burmeister, 1838). Strigiphilus ceblebrachys (Denny, 1842), S. heterogenitalis Emerson & Elbel, 1957 and S. tuleskovi Balát, 1958 are recorded for the first time in Japan. Also, Strix uralensis and Otus sunia japonicus are recorded as new hosts for Strigiphilus heterogenitalis and S. tuleskovi respectively.
Sinoperlodes, a new genus of subfamily Perlodinae (Plecoptera, Perlodidae) from coastal southeastern China
Authors: CHEN ZHI-TENG
Published: May 2020

Sinoperlodes zhouchangfai gen. nov., sp. nov. is described and illustrated on the basis of male and female adults from Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province of southeastern China, representing the first record of subfamily Perlodinae in coastal southeastern China. The new genus is characterized by extremely complicated netlike venation on apical half of wings; an entire, moderately elevated tergum 10 of male which with small transverse membrane and posteriorly covered with sensilla basiconica and sharp spines; seven small apical lobes of aedeagus; short elliptical eversible paraproct lobes and banded legs. Female of the new genus is distinctive with an elongated, broad subgenital plate covering sternum 9.
Connecting the Dots
Authors: Posegay Nick
Published: May 2020

Nick Posegay presents new data in his article on links between the various medieval vocalisation traditions of Hebrew, Syriac, and Arabic. These include the identification of overlaps in the Aramaic terminology used by Jewish Masoretes and Christian Syriac grammarians and in the phonological theories that underlie them. Posegay thus provides new evidence that the systems did not develop in isolation, but where the result of intellectual exchanges between the various religious communities.
Pausal Forms and Prosodic Structure in Tiberian Hebrew
Authors: DeCaen Vincent , Dresher B. Elan
Published: May 2020

Vincent DeCaen and Elan Dresher investigate the reasons that pausal forms in Tiberian Hebrew, which are expected to occur at the end of ‘intonational phrases’, at times appear where Tiberian accents are conjunctive rather than disjunctive. They challenge an earlier opinion that such mismatches represent different traditions or stages of interpreting the biblical text, maintaining instead that these mismatches are due to limitations inherent in the Tiberian system of accents.
Samuel ben Jacob’s Treatment of Exceptional Vocalic Shewas
Authors: Phillips Kim
Published: May 2020

In his paper Kim Phillips focuses on shewa signs that are pronounced as vocalic according to the Masoretic treatises in contexts where they would normally be expected to be silent. He examines how such shewas are represented by the scribe Samuel ben Jacob, who produced the Leningrad Codex and various other codices. The examination reveals that the scribe strove for graphic economy and was not completely consistent in the strategies that he adopted to represent the vocalic nature of the shewa in these contexts across the various manuscripts.
The Tiberian Tradition in Common Bibles from the Cairo Genizah
Authors: Outhwaite Benjamin
Published: May 2020

Benjamin Outhwaite examines how deviations from the standard Tiberian tradition found in ‘Common Bibles’ from the Cairo Genizah reveal the way Biblical Hebrew was pronounced by those who produced the manuscripts. Common Bibles have to date been studied far less than other biblical manuscripts from the Cairo Genizah. The study examines five fragments. It illustrates numerous deviations in notation from the standard conventions of Tiberian vocalisation and also many features that reflect a pronunciation different from that of the standard Tiberian tradition.
Some Features of the Imperfect Oral Performance of the Tiberian Reading Tradition of Biblical Hebrew in the Middle Agess
Authors: Khan Geoffrey
Published: May 2020

Geoffrey Khan looks at imperfect performances of the prestigious Tiberian pronunciation tradition that are reflected in medieval Bible manuscripts. He proposes explanatory models for the development of such imperfect performances. Three factors are identified: interference of a less prestigious substrate, which he identifies as the Hebrew component of Jewish vernacular Arabic; hypercorrections; and varying degrees of acquisition of the Tiberian tradition. Khan describes these various phenomena and concludes that the imperfect performances must be datable to a period when the Tiberian pronunciation tradition was still alive and was familiar, though not perfectly, to the scribes.
On Some Variants in Ashkenazic Biblical Manuscripts from the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
Authors: Attia Élodie
Published: May 2020

Élodie Attia examines the question of the relationship between early Ashkenazic Bible manuscripts and the Tiberian tradition as recorded in the earliest Tiberian manuscripts, especially the Leningrad Codex and the Damascus Pentateuch. The main Ashkenazic manuscript chosen for the study is Vat. Ebr. 14. The study challenges an earlier claim by Pérez Castro that early Ashkenazic Bible manuscripts were far removed from the Tiberian tradition in comparison with Sephardic manuscripts. Attia shows that by enlarging the corpus of Tiberian manuscripts and by including Ashkenazic manuscripts earlier than those previously studied, the relations between the two corpora appear more complex than has hitherto been believed.
The Hydrometeorological Observation Network in California’s Russian River Watershed: Development, Characteristics, and Key Findings from 1997 to 2019
Authors: Sumargo Edwin , Wilson Anna M. , Ralph F. Martin , Weihs Rachel , White Allen , Jasperse James , Asgari-Lamjiri Maryam , Turnbull Stephen , Downer Charles , Delle Monache Luca
Published: May 2020

The Russian River Hydrometeorological Observing Network (RHONET) is a unique suite of high-resolution in situ and remote sensing observations deployed over 20 years to address both scientific and operational gaps in understanding, monitoring, and predicting weather and water extremes on the United States’ West Coast. It was created over many years by diverse organizations ranging from universities to federal, state, and local government agencies and utilities. Today, RHONET is a hybrid network with diverse observation sets aimed at advancing scientific understanding of physical processes driving extreme precipitation and runoff in the region. Its development is described, including the specific goals that led to a series of network enhancements, as well as the key characteristics of its sensors. The hydroclimatology of the Russian River area is described, including an overview of the hydrologic extremes and variability driving the scientific and operational needs in the region, from atmospheric river behavior and orographic precipitation processes to hydrologic conditions related to water supply and flooding. A case study of Lake Mendocino storage response to a landfalling atmospheric river in 2018 is presented to demonstrate the network’s performance and hydrologic applications during high-impact weather events. Finally, a synopsis of key scientific findings and applications enabled by the network is provided, from the first documentation of the role of landfalling atmospheric rivers in flooding, to the occurrence of shallow nonbrightband rain, to the buffering influence of extremely dry soils in autumn, and to the development of forecast-informed reservoir operations for Lake Mendocino.
Detecting Regime Transitions of the Nocturnal and Polar Near-Surface Temperature Inversion
Authors: Kaiser Amandine , Faranda Davide , Krumscheid Sebastian , Belušić Danijel , Vercauteren Nikki
Published: May 2020

Many natural systems undergo critical transitions, i.e., sudden shifts from one dynamical regime to another. In the climate system, the atmospheric boundary layer can experience sudden transitions between fully turbulent states and quiescent, quasi-laminar states. Such rapid transitions are observed in polar regions or at night when the atmospheric boundary layer is stably stratified, and they have important consequences in the strength of mixing with the higher levels of the atmosphere. To analyze the stable boundary layer, many approaches rely on the identification of regimes that are commonly denoted as weakly and very stable regimes. Detecting transitions between the regimes is crucial for modeling purposes. In this work a combination of methods from dynamical systems and statistical modeling is applied to study these regime transitions and to develop an early warning signal that can be applied to nonstationary field data. The presented metric aims to detect nearing transitions by statistically quantifying the deviation from the dynamics expected when the system is close to a stable equilibrium. An idealized stochastic model of near-surface inversions is used to evaluate the potential of the metric as an indicator of regime transitions. In this stochastic system, small-scale perturbations can be amplified due to the nonlinearity, resulting in transitions between two possible equilibria of the temperature inversion. The simulations show such noise-induced regime transitions, successfully identified by the indicator. The indicator is further applied to time series data from nocturnal and polar meteorological measurements.
Coconstruction of Ecosystem Services Management in Tribal Lands: Elicit Expert Opinion Approach
Authors: Tarancón Alicia Azpeleta , Kim Yeon-Su , Padilla Thora , Fulé Peter Z. , Sánchez Meador Andrew J.
Published: May 2020

The Mescalero Apache Tribal Lands (MATL) provide a diverse range of ecosystem services, many of which are of fundamental importance for the Mescalero Apache Tribe’s well-being. Managing forests on MATL, especially under climate change, involves prioritizing certain ecosystem services. We used an iterative survey of experts’ opinions to identify those ecosystem services that 1) have high utility—services that the Tribe uses, or could use, and are obtained directly or indirectly from the MATL; 2) are irreplaceable—services that cannot be provided by any other natural resource; and 3) are under a high level of threat—services at risk of declining or being lost directly or indirectly by climate change and thus are critical for management. Both scientists and practitioners identified water and cultural services as management priorities. Management recommendations to mitigate and adapt to climate change effects include reintroduction of fire in the landscape, assisted migration, creation of age/size mosaics across the landscape, and incorporation of green energy. Incorporating human perspectives into natural resource management is a critical component to maintain and adapt social–ecological systems to climate change, especially for Indigenous communities with inherent rights of sovereignty who are deeply connected to natural resources. This study demonstrates how knowledge systems are complementary: diverse perspectives related to values and threats of ecosystems can be incorporated to coconstruct ecosystem management decisions.
Share a little of that human touch: The marketable ordinariness of security and emergency agencies’ social media efforts
Authors: Rasmussen Joel
Published: May 2020

Today, communication specialists working for public security and rescue services increasingly use superficially personalized content, or apply ‘a human touch’, to promote their organizations in social media. To theoretically capture and understand such processes, the concept of marketable ordinariness is proposed. This refers to how the communication relates to everyday conceptions – through feelings, humor, cool vehicles or pet animals – and is made marketable, suggesting there is a promotional logic at work. Drawing on appraisal analysis of interviews with communication specialists, the article examines this strategy’s discursive elements, including the semiosis of simplicity, emotion, promotion, storytelling and quantitative success, pointing critically to the ways they aid marketization – the process whereby promotional culture encompasses increasingly more sectors and areas of life. It then discusses a number of implications. First, the public sector employees’ alignment with both informational and promotional values and communication may give rise to an authenticity paradox, leaving everyone else wondering when each standard applies. Second, a stronger promotional identity implies compromised professionalism, favoring certain abilities and choices and underutilizing communication efforts that (a) do not pursue big publicity and (b) involve any issue suspected to be challenging for the organization and mainstream culture.
Manufacturing radar-absorbing composite materials by using magnetic Co-doped zinc oxide particles synthesized by Sol-Gel
Authors: Atay Hüsnügül Yilmaz , İçin Öykü
Published: May 2020

An indicator of being a strong country in today's world is that they have powerful weapons. In this sector where science is used exceedingly, the “stealth” takes an important place. Radar-absorbing materials are used in stealth technology to disguise an object from radar detection, such that it can allow a plane to be perceived as a bird. In this study, Co-doped zinc oxide reinforced styrofoam sheet composites were manufactured as radar-absorbing materials. For this purpose, Co-doped zinc–ZnO particles were synthesized via the Sol-Gel method with doping concentrations of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%. They were embedded in a styrofoam matrix with different loading levels to see the concentration dependence. The as-prepared powders were characterized by using X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Magnetic characterization of samples was carried out using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Finally, the radar-absorbing test was applied with a network analyzer to achieve the main purpose of this research. It was concluded that Co-doped zinc oxide reinforced composites have electromagnetic properties that indicate potential applications in the radar-absorbing area.
Dispute between the family of the very seriously ill patient and the doctors
Authors: Samuels Alec
Published: May 2020

The decided cases on disputes between the doctor and the family of the patient. A consideration of the relevant factors, such as the prognosis, the quality of life, the wishes of the patient, the tolerability of the patient, futility, dignity. Discussion of possible alternatives, such as wait and see. Ultimately the best interests of the patient must prevail.
The 2016 EU Referendum: Explaining Support for Brexit Among Would-Be British MPs
Authors: Trumm Siim , Milazzo Caitlin , Townsley Joshua
Published: May 2020

The outcome of the 2016 referendum on European Union membership took many by surprise and has continued to define the political discourse in Britain. Despite there being a growing body of research focused on explaining how voters cast their ballot, we still know little about what motivated our politicians to do the same. In this article, we draw on individual-level survey data from the British Representation Study to explore support for Brexit among parliamentary candidates who stood at the 2017 general election. We find that candidates’ political views on immigration and democracy were key determinants of their decision to vote Leave. In addition, more optimistic views of how Brexit was expected to impact British economy and democracy are associated with greater likelihood of voting Leave. These findings highlight that, while politicians were less likely than voters to support Brexit overall, their motivations for doing so were quite similar. Interestingly, however, we also find that candidates contesting constituencies with higher Leave support were no more likely to vote for Brexit themselves. Taken together, these findings have important implications for elite representation of voters’ policy preferences on the issue of Brexit.
Is the secularization research programme progressing? Debate on Jörg Stolz’s article on Secularization theories in the 21st century: ideas, evidence, and problems
Authors: Voas David
Published: May 2020

The methodology of scientific research programmes, developed by Imre Lakatos, can help us to identify which theories are strong or weak. Applying this approach suggests that the secularization research programme is progressing, as Stolz argues. Some of the recent advances have been more successful than others, however. In particular, we have done better at understanding how secularization happens than why it happens.
Exploring further debates in the secularization paradigm. Debate on Jörg Stolz’s article on Secularization theories in the 21st century: ideas, evidence, and problems
Authors: Wilkins-Laflamme Sarah
Published: May 2020

Commenting Stolz’s 2019 International Society for the Sociology of Religion presidential address, this article further explores four key current debates in the secularization paradigm: (1) the continued search for the ultimate root causes of secularization in the West, (2) the critique from individualization theories towards the concept of secularization, (3) the substantive content of nonreligion, and (4) the risks of limiting ourselves to grand theories.
Multilevel Modeling and the Explanatory Autonomy of Psychology
Authors: Fang Wei
Published: May 2020

This article argues for the explanatory autonomy of psychology drawing on cases from the multilevel modeling practice. This is done by considering a multilevel linear model in personality and social psychology, and discussing its philosophical implications for the reductionism debate in philosophy of psychology. I argue that this practice challenges the reductionist position in philosophy of psychology, and supports the explanatory autonomy of psychology.
Talim, Dindari aur Shaadi (Education, Religiosity and Marriage): Choosing Madrasa Education for Girls
Authors: Borker Hem
Published: May 2020

Drawing on months of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper explores the rising salience of girls’ madrasas in India and the feminisation of madrasa enrolments. It argues that rather than the rhetoric of religious conservatism that is conventionally applied to the choice of madrasa education, a range of intersecting factors shape the educational choices of Muslim parents. Employing narratives from the field, it illustrates how the increasing demand for girls’ education emanating from within Muslim communities interacts with larger structural factors, socio-cultural concerns, economic considerations, gender norms and anxieties, leading parents to opt for madrasa education for their daughters.
Endo-Bentall for proximal aortic dissection: from conception to application
Authors: Kreibich Maximilian , Rylski Bartosz , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Siepe Matthias , Czerny Martin
Published: May 2020

The endovascular treatment of pathologies of the ascending aorta has not been incorporated into routine clinical practice. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the endovascular treatment of pathologies of the ascending aorta, particularly type A aortic dissection. A thorough analysis and discussion of anatomical, physiological, clinical and technical challenges, and obstacles is performed. Conventional straight stent-grafts alone are not capable of fixing the entire complex underlying problem in the vast majority of patients with acute type A aortic dissection. An endovascular valve-carrying conduit consisting of a proximal transcatheter aortic valve connected to a covered stent-graft would be able to close a primary entry tear in the ascending aorta, ensure coronary perfusion, initiate true lumen expansion, treat malperfusion, treat aortic regurgitation, drain any pericardial effusion through a transapical approach, and possibly stabilize the distal aorta. Two thirds of all patients with acute aortic dissection are potential candidates for endovascular treatment, and the concept may help to significantly improve survival in patients with acute aortic dissection.
Enhancing employee wellness: Translating an effective community behavioral weight-loss treatment to the worksite
Authors: Murakami Jessica M , Bennett Brooke L , Rand-Giovannetti Devin , Stefano Emily C , Latner Janet D
Published: May 2020

Background:

As rates of obesity continue to rise in the USA, there is a need for effective treatments for excess adiposity. Behavioral weight-loss interventions can produce clinically meaningful weight reduction through life-style modifications. However, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of high-intensity behavioral weight-loss interventions at worksites.

Aim:

The present research investigated the effectiveness of a previously validated behavioral weight-loss intervention in a Hawai‘i worksite.

Methods:

Thirty-six participants were recruited from the employee population of a local employer. Participants received six months of group behavioral weight-loss treatment from trained providers. Anthropomorphic, physiological, psychological, and behavioral assessments were collected pre and post treatment. Select physiological and behavioral assessments were collected every four sessions.

Results:

Sixty-one percent of participants adhered to treatment, and 78% of participants completed treatment. From pre to post treatment, results found that participants achieved clinically significant improvements in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference, with accompanying physiological, psychological, and behavioral improvements ( F(12, 2)=101.379, p=0.010, partial η2=0.998). Analyses revealed that participants also achieved significant changes in weight, BMI, and waist circumference across time points, as well as improvements in specific eating habits.

Conclusions:

The present study demonstrated the efficacy of a worksite behavioral weight-loss program. The present intervention produced clinically significant weight losses for a large proportion of participants, accompanied by significant improvements in physiological, behavioral, and psychological outcomes. This research is promising for the ongoing implementation of behavioral weight-loss approaches.
Dissociation between wanting and liking for coffee in heavy drinkers
Authors: Koranyi Nicolas , Brückner Elisabeth , Jäckel Andreas , Grigutsch Laura Anne , Rothermund Klaus
Published: May 2020

Background:

There is an ongoing discussion about the addictive strength of caffeine. According to the incentive-sensitization theory, the development and the maintenance of drug addiction is the result of a selective sensitization of brain regions that are relevant for wanting without a corresponding increase in liking. Dissociations of wanting and liking have been observed with a wide range of drugs in animals. For human subjects, results are inconclusive, which is possibly due to invalid operationalizations of wanting and liking.

Aim:

The present study examined dissociations of wanting and liking for coffee in heavy and low/non-consumers with newly developed and validated response time-based assessment procedures for wanting and liking.

Methods:

For this study 24 heavy and 32 low/non-consumers of coffee completed two versions of the Implicit-Association Test (IAT), one of which has been developed and validated recently to assess wanting for coffee, whereas the other reflects an indicator of liking for coffee.

Results:

Results revealed a significant interaction between group (heavy vs. low/non-consumers) and IAT type ( wanting vs. liking) indicating that heavy coffee drinkers differed from low/non-consumers by displaying increased wanting but not liking for coffee.

Interpretation:

These data confirm that heavy coffee consumption is associated with strong wanting despite low liking for coffee, indicating that wanting becomes independent from liking through repeated consumption of caffeine. This dissociation provides a possible explanation for the widespread and stable consumption of caffeine-containing beverages.
Individual and Social-Contextual Factors Underlying Adolescents’ Commitment to Victimizing Friendships: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Bouchard Karen , Smith J. David , Woods Heather
Published: May 2020

Previous research indicates that victimized youth are reluctant to address their friends’ victimizing behaviors and are likely to remain in a victimizing friendship despite experiencing significant distress. Research investigating the complex factors underlying this commitment to victimizing friendships is required. To this end, a qualitative research design was used as previously victimized youth asynchronously contributed to an anonymous online discussion forum for 2 months. Guided by two theories used to understand staying/leaving processes in intimate partner violence and a social-ecological systems perspective, the data were captured into descriptive categories. The results demonstrate that adolescents ( N = 25) were reluctant to address their friends’ victimizing behaviors and many persisted in their victimizing friendships. The factors underlying this reluctance were categorized as cognitive, relational, and contextual. The results indicate that persisting in a friendship despite feeling victimized can seem paradoxical to outsiders but there are clear reasons underlying adolescents’ choices.
A simple and effective method for bladder blood clot evacuation using hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Xu Ming , Jin Lu , Shan Yuxi , Zhu Jin , Xue Boxin
Published: May 2020

Objective

Urinary retention caused by bladder clots can be frustrating because such blood clots are difficult to remove. We established a novel technique in which hydrogen peroxide is applied to evacuate bladder clots.

Methods

In this single-center retrospective study, we evaluated 31 patients with retention of blood clots in the bladder who underwent emergency evacuation using hydrogen peroxide.

Results

The patients comprised 17 men and 14 women with mean age of 61.2 years (range, 42–82 years). Hydrogen peroxide solution and a 20-Fr three-cavity Foley catheter with large-diameter side holes were used for manual bladder irrigation in all patients. The bladder blood clots were successfully removed in 27 patients. The remaining four patients could not tolerate the symptoms of urinary retention and had to resort to surgery.

Conclusion

Hydrogen peroxide solution for manual bladder irrigation can improve the efficiency of bladder blood clot evacuation. This is a simple and effective option for managing bladder clot retention.
Root Repair Versus Partial Meniscectomy for Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears: Comparison of Long-term Survivorship and Clinical Outcomes at Minimum 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Chung Kyu Sung , Ha Jeong Ku , Ra Ho Jong , Yu Woo Jin , Kim Jin Goo
Published: May 2020

Background:

The importance of repair in medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) has been increasingly recognized because it restores hoop tension. However, no study has compared the long-term outcomes between meniscectomy and repair.

Hypothesis:

Survivorship and clinical outcomes of repair would be better than those of meniscectomy after long-term follow-up.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between 2005 and 2009, patients with MMPRTs who had been followed up for at least 10 years after partial meniscectomy (n = 18) or pullout repair (n = 37) were recruited. Clinical assessments, including the Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, were evaluated preoperatively and at the final follow-up. The final results in each group were compared with the preoperative results, and the final results of the groups were compared. Clinical failure was defined as conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and the final clinical scores were assessed just before TKA. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to investigate the survival rates of surgical procedures.

Results:

Mean ± SD follow-up period was 101.4 ± 45.9 and 125.9 ± 21.2 months in the meniscectomy and repair groups, respectively ( P = .140). The mean Lysholm and IKDC scores, respectively, in the meniscectomy group were 50.8 ± 7.7 and 37.6 ± 7.0 preoperatively and 58.2 ± 22.1 and 44.4 ± 19.0 postoperatively ( P = .124; P = .240). In the repair group, the mean Lysholm score and IKDC score, respectively, significantly increased from 52.3 ± 10.9 and 41.0 ± 9.6 preoperatively to 77.1 ± 24.0 and 63.7 ± 20.6 postoperatively ( P < .001; P < .001). The final Lysholm and IKDC scores in the repair group were significantly better than those in the meniscectomy group ( P = .004; P = .003). In cases of clinical failure, 10 patients (56%) in the meniscectomy group and 8 patients (22%) in the repair group converted to TKA in the follow-up period ( P = .016). According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 10-year survival rates for the meniscectomy and repair groups were 44.4% and 79.6%, respectively ( P = .004).

Conclusion:

In MMPRTs, root repair was superior to partial meniscectomy in terms of clinical results for at least 10 years of follow-up. From a long-term perspective, repair with restoration of hoop tension is more effective management than meniscectomy.
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Intimate Partner Violence: Directionality of Violence and Motives for Self-Injury
Authors: Carranza Amanda Blanco , Wallis Cassidy R. D. , Jonnson Melissa R. , Klonsky E. David , Walsh Zach
Published: May 2020

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization. However, extant research has not distinguished between unidirectional and bidirectional IPV and has not examined relationships between IPV and functions of self-injury. This study of 1,018 university students revealed a significantly higher prevalence of NSSI among those who reported bidirectional IPV compared with nonviolent individuals. However, rates of NSSI in the unidirectional IPV groups are more similar to rates of NSSI in the bidirectional group than in nonviolent individuals. Individuals who engaged in bidirectional IPV were more likely to endorse interpersonal functions of self-injury than those who engaged in unidirectional IPV or no IPV. In contrast, intrapersonal functions of NSSI were not associated with IPV. Findings suggest that the association between IPV and NSSI may be best understood in the context of relationship conflict, rather than as a distinct correlate of either IPV victimization or IPV perpetration.
Antimicrobial low-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene-grafted acrylic acid biocomposites based on rice bran with tea tree oil for food packaging applications
Authors: El-Wakil Abd El-Aziz A , Moustafa Hesham , Youssef Ahmed M
Published: May 2020

Natural volatile antibacterial and anti-mycotoxin tea tree oil (TTO) with rice bran (RB) were used as a solid carrier for achieving a sustained release profile with high antimicrobial efficiency in polyethylene films. Acrylic acid (AAc) monomer was grafted onto a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) through melt blending using a Brabender Plasti-Corder. The low-density polyethylene-grafted acrylic acid (LDPE- g-AAc) was thoroughly characterized by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. LDPE and LDPE- g-AAc (80/20) were mixed with different contents of untreated RB and treated TTO/RB using melt blending to obtain sustainable composites, namely LDPE/LDPE- g-AAc/RB and LDPE/LDPE- g-AAc/TTO-RB, respectively. The effect of the addition of untreated and treated RB on the properties of biocomposites was assessed by using mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties. A prominent decrease in water vapor transmission rate occurred when adding 30 wt% of TTO/RB to LDPE/LDPE- g-AAc blend compared to virgin polymer. This decrease was due to the barrier effect of lignocellulosic material, particularly at high bio-filler content. The prepared biocomposites revealed good thermal stability when compared to virgin LDPE. Moreover, the biodegradability and antimicrobial properties of LDPE/LDPE- g-AAc/TTO-RB biofilms were enhanced with increasing TTO/RB contents from 10 phr to 30 phr due to the combination between LDPE- g-AAc and TTO. The obtained data revealed excellent possibility for using biopolymer grafted with antimicrobial TTO by adding RB for food packaging and biomedical purposes.
Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of mRNA expression profiles and identification of a miRNA–mRNA network associated with lupus nephritis
Authors: Song Jianbo , Zhao Liqin , Li Yuanping
Published: May 2020

Objective

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus. The aim of this study was to identify core genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of LN.

Methods

We screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LN patients using mRNA expression profile data from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The functional and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed utilizing the Database for annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Target genes with differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs) were predicted using the miRTarBase database, and the intersection between these target genes and DEGs was selected to be studied further.

Results

In total, 107 common DEGs (CDEGs) were identified from the Tub_LN group and Glom_LN group, and 66 DEMIs were identified. Fifty-three hub genes and two significant modules were identified from the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and a miRNA–mRNA network was constructed. The CDEGs, module genes in the PPI network and genes intersecting with the CDEGs and target genes of DEMIs were all associated with the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway.

Conclusion

In summary, this study reveals some crucial genes and pathways potentially involving in the pathogenesis of LN. These findings provide a new insight for the research and treatment of LN.
Long-term outcomes of lupus nephritis treated with regimens based on cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Prasad Narayan , Kurian Jithu , Agarwal Vikas , Bhadauria Dharmendra , Behera Manas , Yacha Monika , Kushwaha Ravi , Agrawal Vinita , Jain Manoj , Gupta Amit
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Lupus nephritis (LN) has a considerable impact on the morbidity and mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Long-term comparative outcome data from the Indian subcontinent on treatment regimens with cyclophosphamide (CYP) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) are sparse. We assessed renal and patient survival for these patients in terms of the types of induction – CYP or MMF – and the two maintenance therapies – MMF or azathioprine (AZA).

Methods

We retrospectively analysed outcomes of 100 LN patients, 67 treated with CYP (26 class III, 25 class IV, 6 class III + V and 10 class IV + V; 40 Euro lupus regimen and 27 National Institutes of Health regimen) and 33 treated with a MMF-based regimen with steroids between July 2008 and June 2018. Data regarding demographic, clinical and histopathological features and the treatment given to all patients were extracted. Outcomes between the two regimens CYP and MMF were compared in terms of remission, dialysis and patient survival.

Results

The clinical characteristics were similar in both groups, except that the activity index was higher in CYP patients (6.13 ± 4.48 vs. 4.61 ± 2.80). However, the chronicity index was similar. The overall remission rate was 70% at the end of induction. The rates of complete remission, partial remission and non-responders in the CYP group were 46.2%, 23.9% and 29.9%, respectively. However, in the MMF group, the corresponding rates were 57.6%, 12.1% and 30.3%, respectively. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 10-year patient survival rates in the CYP group were 89.5%, 86.2%, 86.2%, 83.8%, 83.8% and 83.8%, respectively. In the MMF induction group, the corresponding rates were 93.9%, 93.9%, 89%, 89%, 89% and 89%, respectively. At the end of the study, rates of end-stage renal disease in the MMF group and CYP group were 7.5% and 12.1%, respectively. The death-censored and non-censored renal survival rates were also similar in the long term. With regard to maintenance therapy, 3/56 (5.3%) in the MMF group and 7/34 (20.5%) in the AZA group experienced doubling of serum creatinine ( p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Long-term outcomes in terms of patient and renal survival of LN patients treated with CYP and MMF induction are similar. Doubling of serum creatinine occurred more with AZA-based maintenance therapy than with MMF-based maintenance therapy. Most deaths occurred during induction, and sepsis was the most common cause of death.