bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunological Approaches to The Pathogenesis and Treatment of Bronchiectasis
Authors: Hikmatov Jasur Safarovich
Published: February 2024

Bronchiectasis is characterized by a constant and abnormal expansion of the airways of the lungs (bronchi) and/or a violation of the tone of the muscle layer of the bronchial wall due to inflammation, sclerosis, dystrophy, hypoplasia. Bronchiectasis is a very common disease that is the main cause of respiratory problems. A deficiency in the host's immune response to bacterial infection is considered to be the main condition for the development of bronchiectasis. In addition, many patients have no identifiable cause and are defined as having an idiopathic disease. This can lead to the development of a chronic respiratory tract infection and subsequent inflammation. Patients tend to have persistent disease despite aggressive use of antibiotics and optimal sputum clearance techniques. New therapies based on the manipulation of the immune response are becoming available and offer significant promise for the treatment of this condition
Complex Treatment of Complicated Chronic Purulent Epitympanitis
Authors: Nasretdinova Makhzuna Takhsinovna  , Xatamov Jahongir Abruevich  , Khayitov Alisher Adhamovich  , Dustboboev Dilshod Sadulaevich
Published: February 2024

The authors pay special attention to the fact that in chronic purulent epitympanitis, bone tissue is involved in the inflammatory process, and a chronic purulent-destructive change occurs in the cells of the mastoid process. Osteomyelitis of the bones leads to local and intracranial complications. Therefore, during sanitizing operations of the middle ear in epitympanitis, it is necessary to radically remove all foci of destructively altered structures of the middle ear system with exposure of the dura mater of the middle and posterior cranial fossae. Postoperative management of patients should be directed to intensive care.
Study of the relationship between hemostasis and vascular endothelium in hypoxic lesions of the nervous system in newborns
Authors: Dilmuradova K.R  , Ziyadullayeva H.O.
Published: February 2024

The study of the statement of the hemostatic system and vascular endothelium was made in newborns with hypoxic lesions of the nervous system. Some indicators of hemostasis (PTT, APTT, TT and fibrinogen) were determined in cord blood, as well as endothelial dysfunction marker Endothelin-1. In newborns who underwent a chronic hypoxia, a statistically significant increase of the fibrinogen level and endothelin-1 were revealed in the umbilical cord blood. During hypoxic lesions of the nervous system in newborns the vascular endothelium primarily reacts, causing activation of hemostasis and cerebral blood flow disorders.
Changes in the Hemostasis System in Children with Hemorrhagic Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)
Authors: Avezova Guloim Sattarovna  , Babomuratov Turdikul Akramovich
Published: February 2024

The article discusses changes in the hemostasis system in children with hemorrhagic vasculitis, in particular, damage to the walls of small vessels by immune complexes circulating in the circulatory system and activated components of the complement system, and then activation of all parts of the hemostasis system, as well as changes in the hemostasis system of blood vessels, platelets, plasma. Hemorrhagic vasculitis (IgAV) is classically a childhood disease with an incidence of about 10 cases per 100,000 a year. The pediatric form of this pathology is generally considered benign and self-limited. In contrast, IgAV in adults is less common but often associated with worse clinical course and outcome The results of studies conducted by different authors in different countries on the study of the processes of violation of the mechanisms of blood coagulation in hemorrhagic vasculitis in children are presented.
Injury of the Lumbard in Degenerative Diseases of the Lumbar Spine
Authors: R. Israilov  , B. Mamajonov
Published: February 2024

In this study, the pathomorphological changes that develop in the yellow ligament of the spinal canal in all types of degenerative diseases of the lumbar region of the spine were studied. As a material, fragments of corpus luteum covering the back border of the spinal canal were taken. The results show that in some degenerative diseases of the lumbar region, the yellow ligament is only hypertrophied, while in others, dystrophy, calcification develop, and ossification and deformation are observed in others. Hypertrophy and thickening of the yellow ligament of the spine develops after degenerative and inflammatory diseases and begins with the increase of histitic cells around the blood vessels and in the interstitial tissue. The hypertrophy of the yellow ligament is manifested by a sharp increase in collagen fibers, the development of the fibroelastosis process, the breakdown and destruction of elastic fibers, and a decrease in their quantity.
Features of women's reproductive health, using contraception
Authors: Khamdamova M.T.
Published: February 2024

Researches at 450 women with intrauterous contraception are conducted. The interrelation between carrying terms of intrauterous contraceptives and iron deficiency is studied. Application intrauterous contraceptives depending on terms of their carrying led to various degrees of iron deficiency. It demands dynamic control over indicators of red blood and carrying out of preventive treatment of an anaemia at women
Problems of Adherence to Drug Therapy in Medical Rehabilitation
Authors: Isakova D.Z.  , Valieva Z. S
Published: February 2024

Compliance is defined as “patient compliance with the treatment regimen and regimen.” Low compliance is a complex problem that can have both internal and external causes. It is customary to distinguish four groups of reasons: patient-related factors; therapy-related factors; factors associated with the doctor and factors associated with the environment (social aspect).
Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Ankylosing Spondylitis in a Hospital Condition
Authors: Nurmetov Kh.T  , Marufkhanov Kh.M  , Talipov R.M
Published: February 2024

In the literature, there are practically no results of studies aimed at studying the clinical picture of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the actual practice of rheumatologists in Uzbekistan. Meanwhile, such studies can provide information not only about the epidemiological aspects of the disease, but also about the diversity of its clinical picture, medical and social significance, and allow assessing the effectiveness of therapy and planning the system of medical costs for the future
The degree of damage to the gastroduodenal zone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis against the background of basic and anti-inflammatory therapy
Authors: N.Kh. Tukhtaeva
Published: February 2024

To study the incidence of gastroduodenal lesions and the frequency of drug use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis based on retrospective analysis
Chronic Vasomotor Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Shodiyeva Elmira Yusupjonova
Published: February 2024

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses (NPS). Inflammatory diseases of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) are accompanied by difficulty in nasal breathing and nasal discharge. Chronic forms of rhinitis affect 10–20% of the population, and in epidemiological studies, 40% of respondents report symptoms of rhinitis. In this article, specific aspects of chronic vasomotor allergic rhinitis and treatment methods are considered
Prevention of the Seasonal Spread of Arvi Among Early Children
Authors: Mukhtorova Sh.A.
Published: February 2024

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are widespread infectious diseases, cause significant economic damage and therefore are not only a serious medical, but also the most important socio-economic problem for humanity. This group of diseases accounts for up to 90% of all infectious morbidity. Mostly children and people over 60 years of age fall ill - the so-called risk groups for the incidence of ARVI. Every adult suffers from influenza or other acute respiratory viral infections on average 2-4 times a year, a schoolchild - 4-5 times, a preschool child - 6 times, a child of the first year of life has from 2 to 12 episodes of acute respiratory viral infections. The polyetiology of ARVI pathogens and the variability of viruses involved in the epidemic process, complications after an illness, necessitate the search for new diagnostic methods and optimization of treatment and preventive measures. Modern approaches to the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections of other etiologies are reduced to the use of complex drugs that combine antiviral, immunomodulatory, symptomatic and pathogenetic effects.
Application of the Finite Element Method in Modeling Biological Systems in Traumatology and Orthopedics
Authors: J. T. Tukhtaev  , K. Kh. Mamadjonov  , O. N. Abdulazizov  , N. T. Botirov
Published: February 2024

Surgical treatment of fractures of the proximal femur is a problem due to the lack of a uniform treatment strategy. Of particular importance is the analysis of the processes occurring in bone tissue during the healing of fractures under dynamic conditions, especially the analysis of mechanical stresses. The finite element method is an effective method for mathematical modeling of complex objects and describing the stress-strain states of these objects. In order to improve the results of treatment of fractures of the proximal femur and pelvic bones, mathematical modeling was carried out using the finite element method of a pertrochanteric femur fracture under conditions of fixation with a dynamic pin and a pelvic fracture under various conditions of its submersible fixation
Specific Aspects of Children's Anemia
Authors: Sobirova Nargiza Ravshanbek kizi
Published: February 2024

This article presents the main classification and differential diagnostic schemes of anemia. The emphasis in diagnosis is on laboratory tests that form the basis of differential diagnosis and differentiated treatment of anemia in children.
Aloe (Aloe vera) cultivation technology and medicinal properties
Authors: Jumayeva Dinora Omon qizi
Published: February 2024

In this article, the medicinal properties of the aloe plant, its importance in folk medicine and economy, and its chemical composition are explained
Chemical composition and medicinal properties of mint (mentha) growth
Authors: Jumayeva Dinora Omon qizi
Published: February 2024

In this article, the importance of the medicinal properties of the mint plant in the national economy and folk medicine is highlighted.
Clinical Aspects of the Catamnesis of Children Covid-19
Authors: Хudoydodova S.G.
Published: February 2024

to study the clinical course of a new coronavirus infection in the provision of specialized medical care to children in a hospital and post-mortem follow-up. Results: All patients had laboratory-confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 (the result of real-time PCR, specific for SARS-CoV-2, was positive). The patients were divided into severe patients, including 2 (4.6%) patients with severe cases on admission and 32 (74.4%) patients with moderate cases, hospitalization in the intensive care unit was not, the remaining cases 9 (21% ) the disease was mild. All sick children of COVID-19 were discharged with recovery. In the observed children of the course of COVID-19, an increase in body temperature was noted 88%, vomiting 58%, diarrhea 68%, cough 77%, shortness of breath 7%. Every fifth patient has pneumonia as the only symptom of the disease. In this case, in order to establish a diagnosis and timely prescribe therapy, it is necessary to conduct an X-ray examination of the chest cavity organs. In children, mild and moderate forms of the disease are predominantly found, and the possibility of radiological verification of pneumonia in a patient with good health is also revealed. Another striking characteristic of COVID-19 is that it affects several vital organs (for example, the lungs, the digestive tract and the nervous system), as evidenced by the clinical course of the disease.
Correlation Relationship of Interferons, Cytokines with Biochemical Mediators of Inflammation in The Blood in The Association of Covid-19 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Aslonova Marjona Ramazonova
Published: February 2024

The study included 103 patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at the Bukhara Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital, which was reorganized into the Covid Center. Immunological studies of the blood of sick children were carried out in the laboratory of immunomorphology of the Institute of Human Immunology and Genomics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The indicators of interferon (INF-a, IFN-γ), cytokines (IL4, IL18) and biochemical tests in the blood were studied.
Aesthetic Solutions in The Treatment of Open Bite
Authors: Pulatov Khamidullo Talyat Ugli
Published: February 2024

Open chew is a frequent malocclusion that can have terrible consequences on each characteristic and aesthetics. Patients with open chunk regularly trip difficulties in biting, chewing, and speech, main to a sizable have an impact on on their fine of life. Fortunately, advances in orthodontics have furnished quite a number aesthetic options to right open chunk and enhance oral function. This article will discover the distinct therapy picks reachable and spotlight the significance of aesthetics in accomplishing profitable outcomes.
Orthodontics For Children
Authors: Pulatov Khamidullo Talyat Ugli
Published: February 2024

Orthodontics for children is a specialized branch of dentistry that focuses on the treatment of dental and jaw abnormalities in young patients. It is essential to address dental issues early in life to ensure proper jaw growth and tooth alignment. By using braces, retainers, and other devices, orthodontists can guide the development of a child's teeth and jaws, ensuring a healthy and functional smile for years to come
Correlation Relationship of Interferons, Cytokines with Biochemical Mediators of Inflammation in The Blood in The Association of Covid-19 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Aslonova Marjona Ramazonova
Published: February 2024

The study included 103 patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at the Bukhara Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital, which was reorganized into the Covid Center. Immunological studies of the blood of sick children were carried out in the laboratory of immunomorphology of the Institute of Human Immunology and Genomics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The indicators of interferon (INF-a, IFN-γ), cytokines (IL4, IL18) and biochemical tests in the blood were studied. In patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and type 2 diabetes, total bilirubin has a high relationship with the diabetogenic cytokine IL-18 - r = 0.42, against the background of a noticeable negative relationship with IL-4 (r = -0.30) and INF γ -r=-0.34. At the same time, the free fraction of bilirubin, like total bilirubin, has noticeable negative connections with IL-4 (r = -0.22) and IFN-γ r = -0.34, and has a significant positive connection with IL-18 - r = 0.34
The Role of Collagen in The Mechanisms of Chronic Wound Healing for Diabetic Foot Syndrome
Authors: Abdusalomov Bexzod Alisher o‘g‘li
Published: February 2024

The review of the world literature, is devoted to the role of collagen in the process of wound healing. The problems of epidemiology of chronic wounds and ulcers of various genesis, physiology and pathophysiology of wound healing phases are considered. The pathogenetic role of different types of collagen, as well as the mechanisms of collagen, macrophage, fibroblasts, matrix metalloproteinases and other cytokines in healing ulcers are discussed. The prospects of development and use of medical products and preparations based on collagen in the treatment of patients with chronic wounds and ulcers are shown. The results of clinical studies on the effectiveness of collagen with preserved (native) and unsaved (fractionated) structure are presented. The advantages of using native collagen in the treatment of diabetic foot syndrome are demonstrated
Epidemiological Situation of Soft Tissue Sarcomas of The Extremities According to Histological Verification in The Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: S.J. Sheraliyeva  , D.Sh. Polatova
Published: February 2024

to evaluate the frequency of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities by histological type
Local Anesthetics: Review of Pharmacological Considerations
Authors: Abdumanobov Mashhurbek Mansur o’g’li
Published: February 2024

Local anesthetics have an impressive history of efficacy and safety in medical and dental practice. Their use is not so regular, and the negative effects are so low, that providers can overlook a lot of their pharmacotherapeutic principles understandable. The purpose of this continuing education article is important for various local anesthesia formulas in current use. Local anesthetics inhibit nerve conduction by inhibiting the passage of sodium ions through channels or ionophores within neural membranes. Usually these channels are present at rest, during which access to sodium ions is prohibited. When the neuron is excited, the channel adopts an activated or open state, in which sodium ions spread to the cell and begin depolarization. After a sharp change in membrane voltage, the sodium channel adopts an inactive state, at which point the active transport mechanisms return sodium ions outward. After this repolarization, the canal receives a normal state of rest. Valuing these sodium channel States helps explain the privileged sensitivity of local anesthetics for different classes of neuronal fibers
Correlation Of Prostate Cancer With Diseases Of The Cardiovascular System And Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Tillyashaikhov Mirzagolib Nigmatovich  , Boyko Yelena Vladimirovna  , Alimov Jaloliddin Usmonkhon ugli
Published: February 2024

This study examines the potential correlation between prostate cancer and two prevalent conditions: cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Prostate cancer is a significant global health issue, and comprehending its association with other common diseases is crucial for comprehensive patient care and public health initiatives. The study investigates the correlation between prostate cancer and cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and atherosclerosis, as well as the correlation between prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results provide insight into potential shared risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies for these diseases. This abstract summarises key aspects of the study, highlighting its importance in furthering the understanding of the complex relationships between prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease as well as type 2 diabetes.
Selection Of Treatment Methods For Patients With Multiple Fractures Of Lower Extremity Bones
Authors: Shukurov E.M  , Soipov R.R
Published: February 2024

The aim of the study is to improve the results of treatment of patients with multiple lower extremity fractures by optimizing complex diagnostics and minimally invasive methods of external and internal fixation. The experience of treating 220 patients with multiple fractures of the long bones of the lower extremities in the clinic of the Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics from 2016 to 2022 is presented.
Diagnosis Of Intrauterine Pneumonia in Premature Infants
Authors: Turabidinova Gullola Alimdjanovna
Published: February 2024

The gestational age of the subjects was 22–36 weeks. Tensiometric blood parameters in the group of premature newborns with VUP and RDS suggest that they have congenital intrapartum pneumonia. When Ds2 < 4.2 × 103 N/m and k2 > 3.3 × 103 s–1, it can be stated that a premature newborn with respiratory disorders has VUP. We recommend using these indicators in the early and differential diagnosis of intrauterine pneumonia
Hygienic Analysis Of Microclimate Indicators At Polymer Production Enterprises
Authors: Jamshid A Kutliev  , Abbos A Rustamov  , Akram S Khushvaktov
Published: February 2024

During the study, unfavorable microclimate indicators were assessed at the Jizzakh enterprise for the production of polymer products. The microclimate indicators at the enterprise for the hot period of the year (July, August) differed somewhat from comfortable indicators. The air temperature in the workshop for the production of consumer goods was above the maximum permissible dose from 0,80C to 6,90C. In the workshop for the production of polyethylene products films from 3,60C to 5,50C, in the workshop for the production of polyethylene pipes - from 3,80C to 4,60C, and at workplaces in the workshop for the production of polyethylene components from 3,80C to 4,60C
Evaluasi Program Imunisasi Anak di Wilayah Pedesaan Tantangan dan Solusi
Authors: Darsal Zulfakar Dafid  , Wa Ode Nadziyran Urufia  , Wa Ode Nurhidayati  , Muhamad Subhan  , Eky Endriana Amiruddin
Published: February 2024

Program imunisasi anak di wilayah pedesaan menghadapi berbagai tantangan yang kompleks, termasuk akses terbatas terhadap layanan kesehatan, kurangnya tenaga kesehatan yang terlatih, dan faktor sosial-budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tantangan utama dalam implementasi program imunisasi anak di wilayah pedesaan serta untuk mengidentifikasi solusi yang memungkinkan untuk meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif berdasarkan studi pustaka yang relevan dengan topik ini. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa akses terbatas terhadap layanan kesehatan merupakan hambatan utama dalam program imunisasi anak di pedesaan. Jarak yang jauh antara pemukiman penduduk dengan fasilitas kesehatan, kurangnya infrastruktur kesehatan, dan transportasi yang tidak memadai mempersulit orang tua untuk membawa anak-anak mereka untuk divaksinasi secara teratur. Kurangnya tenaga kesehatan yang terlatih juga menjadi tantangan serius dalam implementasi program imunisasi. Banyak desa yang tidak memiliki jumlah petugas kesehatan yang memadai untuk memberikan layanan imunisasi kepada masyarakat. Kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan petugas kesehatan tentang imunisasi juga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat. Faktor sosial dan budaya juga memengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat dalam program imunisasi. Kepercayaan, mitos, dan praktek budaya lokal seringkali memengaruhi keputusan orang tua dalam mengimunisasi anak-anak mereka. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan komunikasi yang sensitif dan berbasis budaya dalam mensosialisasikan program imunisasi. Berbagai solusi yang memungkinkan telah diidentifikasi, termasuk memperkuat infrastruktur kesehatan, meningkatkan kapasitas tenaga kesehatan, dan melibatkan komunitas secara aktif dalam program imunisasi. Dengan mengatasi tantangan-tantangan ini secara holistik dan berkelanjutan, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi anak di wilayah pedesaan dan meningkatkan kesehatan anak-anak secara keseluruhan.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS PUISI PADA MATERI BANGUN DATAR BERATURAN
Authors: Heuvelman Salma , Lanani Karman , Jalal Ariyanti , Yulianti Yuliyanti , Samad Riska Syafira
Published: February 2024

Konsep matematika yang tersusun secara terstruktur memiliki nilai estetika dan nilai keindahan, pembelajarannya diperlukan penggunaan media. Media puisi matematika yang didesain secara bermakna dapat membantu terciptanya pemahaman matematis siswa pada materi bangun datar beraturan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk puisi matematika sebagai media pembelajaran berbasis puisi pada materi bangun datar beraturan, khususnya konsep persegi dan persegi panjang. Menghasilkan produk puisi matematika sebagai media pembelajaran menggunakan metode pengembangan Brog dan Gall meliputi: analisis potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan data, desain media, validasi dan uji coba hasil desain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) media pembelajaran matematika berbasis puisi sebagai media pembelajaran yang belum pernah dikembangkan berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaraan matematika materi bangun datar beraturan, khususnya persegi dan persegi panjang; 2) puisi matematika materi persegi dan persegi panjang memenuhi syarat kevalidan oleh para ahli sebagai suatu media pembelajaran matematika berbasis puisi; 3) puisi matematika materi persegi dan persegi panjang layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran; 4) puisi matematika materi persegi dan persegi panjang memenuhi syarat keterbacaan sehingga dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika materi bangun datar beraturan.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS SISWA DALAM MEMECAHKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA
Authors: Purwati Purwati , Taha Ikhsan , Bakar Marwia Tamrin , Lanani Karman , Malik Ririn Purwati
Published: February 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kemampuan kritis siswa SMA pada materi limit fungsi aljabar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 15 siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 2 Halmahera Selatan data kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa diperoleh melalui: Tes, wawancara dan dokumntasi, data tersebut di analisis dengan  kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa di klarivikasi dalam kategori tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat 5 siswa (13%) memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis  tinggi, 4 siswa (11%) memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis sedang, dan 6 siswa (16%) memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis rendah secara keseluruhan kemampuan berpikir kritis matemati siswa   kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 2 Halmahera Selatan dalam kategori sedang. Siswa dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis kategori tinggi dapat menyelesaikan masalah limit fungsi aljabar, siswa dengan kategori sedang  kurang mampu menyelesaikan masalah limit fungsi aljabar, dan siswa kategori rendah belum mampuh menyelesaikan masalah limit fungsi aljabar dengan benar.
The Relationship between Conflict Management Style and the Performance of HMJ PGMI UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Management
Authors: Tiarawati Yara , Hidayat Wahyu
Published: February 2024

Organizations consist of individuals who have different characters so that they can trigger a conflict that will interfere with the effectiveness of individuals in doing their jobs, therefore it is necessary to have a conflict management style that is used in dealing with conflict. This study aims to determine the correlation of conflict management styles (integration, willingness to help, dominating, avoiding, compromising) to the performance of the management of the department's student association. This research uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive-correlational design. The population of this study were all administrators of the student association majoring in PGMI UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung with overall sampling of 48 people. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. Research data analysis using descriptive analysis techniques Pearson Product Moment correlation. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation in the conflict management style of integration and willingness to help on the performance of the management board of the PGMI student association (HMJ) PGMI UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, for the conflict management style dominating and avoiding showed that there was no positive correlation to the performance of the management board of the student association, while the compromise conflict management style showed a positive but insignificant correlation.
Teachers' Prophetic Leadership in Learning Aqidah Morals for Students at MA Al-Jufri Blumbungan Larangan
Authors: Fitriani R Vina
Published: February 2024

Schools or educational institutions need a leader who has high integrity to develop a school or educational institution in line with the times. One of the leadership styles that can be applied in the library is prophetic leadership. This study aims to explain how Prophetic Leadership in Teacher Learning for Students at MA Al-Jufri Blumbungan Prohibitions in human resource management in a school or educational institution using the literature study method. Prophetic leadership is considered suitable and can be applied in a school or educational institution because a leader who has a prophetic leadership style has high integrity (As Sidq), can be trusted (Al Amanah) means the leader of a school or educational institution must prove a real form of work, At-Tabligh means that the leader of a school or educational institution must be willing to accept constructive input, and Al Fatanah, the leader of a school or educational institution must make himself able to work smartly and decisively by combining intellectual intelligence (IQ), emotional intelligence (EQ), and spiritual intelligence (SQ). The leader of a quality school or educational institution will also produce quality human resources, therefore the role of the leader of a school or educational institution in managing human resources is very important to create professional and competent human resources in a school or educational institution.
Systematic Literature Review: The Effect of Giving Rewards on Students' Learning Motivation in Islamic Religious Education Lessons
Authors: Salsabina S Laila
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of giving rewards on students' learning motivation in Islamic Religious Education subjects at SMP IT ArRudho, East Jakarta City. In this study, using the field research method, namely field research or observation and the distribution of instruments in the form of a questionnaire that will be collected and used as a source for analysis. Hypothesis testing using Pearson product moment correlation is to find a correlation or relationship between variable X (Giving Reward) with variable Y (Learning Motivation). The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of giving rewards on students' learning motivation, this can be seen from the value of the correlation index (rcount) which is 0.401 (r table) 0.254, meaning that there is a fairly strong influence of giving rewards on students' learning motivation. So it can be concluded that the provision of rewards can increase student learning motivation. So that the provision of rewards can encourage students to be more active in the learning process at school.
Implementation of Curriculum Management and Mulok Kks Learning to Improve Students' Al-Qur'an Reading Standards
Authors: Aziz Rizky Maulana
Published: February 2024

The Covid-19 effect is still felt today. One reason for the decline in the quality of religious students is because they cannot read the Qur'an in accordance with the requirements. So that local content of the study of the Scriptures becomes a new discovery. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of how the management of the Local Content Curriculum Study of the Scriptures (KKS) is implemented in SMP Negeri 2 Salatiga. The use of qualitative research methods, as well as ways of collecting data using observation, interviews, and documentation. Miles and Huberman models are applied to data analysis. In testing the validity of data, using triangulation of sources and techniques. The findings of this research are: 1) The Mulok KKS curriculum planning process requires the making of instructional material and working with various parties, 2) classifying students into different groups for the curriculum, 3) applying the curriculum on Saturdays, and 4) curriculum evaluation, which seeks to be improved.
THE EMERGENCE-THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF DIALOGUE IN EDUCATION
Authors: Akhmedov B.A.  , Khimmataliyev D.O.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the justification of the actual use of dialog in modern education, its unique potential for the development of personality, for demonstrating dialogical unity, equality of partners, the right to one's own opinion. The author considers the fundamental ideas of outstanding thinkers of the past and present, which allow to define the essential features of dialog and its potential in education. It is proposed to develop the foundations of dialogical pedagogy as a science of human development in the conditions of forming relationships to the world, to other people and to oneself.
Staff Development Initiatives' Effect on Teaching Faculty Performance in Taraba State Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Joseph Tanimu  , Andesimbapae Sam Wachap  , Friday Tanko
Published: February 2024

The paper examines how staff development programs affect the performance of teaching faculty at higher education institutions in Taraba State, Nigeria. A mixed-methods approach was utilized to collect data, with a focus on respondents' perceptions of staff development programs and their influence on teaching faculty performance. The research sample consisted of 200 persons, including school administrators and instructional personnel. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed to calculate the mean scores and standard deviations of Likert-scale responses to various aspects of staff development programs. Furthermore, hypotheses were tested to determine whether there were any significant relationships between respondents' opinions about staff development activities and teaching faculty performance. According to the survey results, respondents feel that staff development programs improve teaching faculty effectiveness, nurture workplace performance, encourage teacher innovation, and increase job satisfaction. Despite widespread agreement, response variability suggests that people have a diversity of perspectives. Furthermore, the findings indicate a significant relationship between school administration and teaching faculty opinions of the effectiveness of staff development initiatives, emphasizing the need of collaboration and stakeholder participation in educational reform efforts. Based on these findings, recommendations are made to tailor staff development programs to the specific needs of teaching faculty, conduct on-going needs assessments, promote collaboration and peer learning, allocate adequate resources and support, advocate for supportive policies, and conduct rigorous research and evaluation. These aim to improve teaching staff performance, therefore adding to the quality of higher education in Taraba State, Nigeria.
The use of data management planning among researchers in higher learning institutions: The case of the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology in Tanzania
Authors: Mosha Neema Florence , Ngulube Patrick
Published: February 2024

This study assessed the use of data management plans among researchers at a selected higher learning institution (HLI) in Tanzania. A pretested structured questionnaire was administered to registered postgraduate students. Many of the respondents reported that a data management plan (DMP) was required before writing a research project and when a research project was submitted. The results also demonstrated that many respondents did not use any online DMP template tools to formulate their DMP although most of them were aware of available DMP template tools such as OpenDMP. Many respondents stated that the requirement of using a DMP were selection of a DMP format, updating the DMP regularly, having a short and to-the-point DMP and a well-structured DMP specifying the kinds and formats of the data to be acquired, generated, produced, and preserved. Meeting funders’ institutions, and publishers’ requirements, and ensuring that data are accurate, complete, and reliable were among the DMP benefits in HLIs identified by the respondents. Several challenges were revealed including a lack of awareness, competence, and guidelines to assist researchers using a DMP for their research projects. The conclusion is that researchers need to develop and use DMP template tools to plan, organize, and work on their research projects in addition to ensuring that they meet funders' requirements. It is recommended that HLIs should provide extensive training programs for raising awareness about DMPs among the researchers and to make DMPs a mandatory requirement for finalizing research projects among researchers, and not only for funding purposes.
Toward Enhanced Reusability: A Comparative Analysis of Metadata for Machine Learning Objects and Their Characteristics in Generalist and Specialist Repositories
Authors: Labou Stephanie G. , Pennington Abigail , Yoo Ho Jung S. , Baluja Michael
Published: February 2024

Objective: The rapidly increasing prevalence and application of machine learning (ML) across disciplines creates a pressing need to establish guidance for data curation professionals. However, we must first understand the characteristics of ML-related objects shared in generalist and specialist repositories and the extent to which repository metadata fields enable findability and reuse of ML objects.
Methods: We used a combination of API queries and web scraping to retrieve metadata for ML objects in eight commonly used generalist and ML-specific data repositories. We assessed both metadata schema and characteristics of deposited ML objects, within the context of the widely adopted FAIR Principles. We also calculated summary statistics for properties of objects, including number of objects per year, dataset size, domains represented, and availability of related resources.
Results: Generalist repositories excelled at providing provenance metadata, specifically unique identifiers, unambiguous citations, clear licenses, and related resources, while specialist repositories emphasized ML-specific descriptive metadata, such as number of attributes and instances and task type. In terms of object content, we noted a wide range of file formats, as well as licenses, all of which impact reusability.
Conclusions: Generalist repositories will benefit from some of the practices adopted by specialists, and specialist repositories will benefit from adopting proven data curation practices of generalist repositories. A step forward for repositories will be to invest more into use of labels and persistent identifiers to improve workflow documentation, provenance, and related resource linking of ML objects, which will increase their findability, interoperability, and reusability.
A Method for Diabetic Wound-Specific Insole Design, Manufacturing, and Biomechanical Validation for Better Recovery
Authors: Karatoprak Ayfer Peker , Aydin Levent , Arslan Berrin Cetinarslan , Cantürk Zeynep , Selek Alev
Published: February 2024

Background: Muscle disorders may cause a change in plantar pressures by the misalignment on the foot during gait phases. Therefore, corns or calluses develop at the plantar regions, and diabetic foot ulcers follow for severe cases, although it can be prevented and even treated by podiatric approaches with patient-specific therapeutic insoles and footwear. Although the importance of a threshold value of 200 kPa in peak plantar pressure reduction has been highlighted as a standard to prevent reulceration in the diabetic foot, it may not be possible to ensure this pressure reduction for each patient.

Methods: In this study, three types of ethylene-vinyl acetate have been used to optimize the off-loading performance for predetermined early-stage diabetic foot ulcer scenarios by means of baropodometric plantar pressure analyses and finite element method for each gait phase.

Results: The total cost of the manufacturing for this study was reduced to $10.26 and it was performed in 24.6 minutes. In addition, the off-loaded pressure was increased by 2.3 times and the volume of the off-loading geometry was increased 8.12 times based on the foam polymer used.

Conclusions: Consequently, improved off-loading was obtained and a standard was proposed for the first time to calculate the off-loading performance before manufacturing of the therapeutic insole model to ensure a better recovery period.
DNA methylation-environment interactions in the human genome
Authors: Johnston Rachel A , Aracena Katherine A , Barreiro Luis B , Lea Amanda J , Tung Jenny
Published: February 2024

Previously, we showed that a massively parallel reporter assay, mSTARR-seq, could be used to simultaneously test for both enhancer-like activity and DNA methylation-dependent enhancer activity for millions of loci in a single experiment (Lea et al., 2018). Here, we apply mSTARR-seq to query nearly the entire human genome, including almost all CpG sites profiled either on the commonly used Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC array or via reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. We show that fragments containing these sites are enriched for regulatory capacity, and that methylation-dependent regulatory activity is in turn sensitive to the cellular environment. In particular, regulatory responses to interferon alpha (IFNA) stimulation are strongly attenuated by methyl marks, indicating widespread DNA methylation-environment interactions. In agreement, methylation-dependent responses to IFNA identified via mSTARR-seq predict methylation-dependent transcriptional responses to challenge with influenza virus in human macrophages. Our observations support the idea that pre-existing DNA methylation patterns can influence the response to subsequent environmental exposures—one of the tenets of biological embedding. However, we also find that, on average, sites previously associated with early life adversity are not more likely to functionally influence gene regulation than expected by chance.
Goal-directed vocal planning in a songbird
Authors: Zai Anja T. , Stepien Anna E. , Giret Nicolas , Hahnloser Richard H.R.
Published: February 2024

Songbirds’ vocal mastery is impressive, but to what extent is it a result of practice? Can they, based on experienced mismatch with a known target, plan the necessary changes to recover the target in a practice-free manner without intermittently singing? In adult zebra finches, we drive the pitch of a song syllable away from its stable (baseline) variant acquired from a tutor, then we withdraw reinforcement and subsequently deprive them of singing experience by muting or deafening. In this deprived state, birds do not recover their baseline song. However, they revert their songs towards the target by about one standard deviation of their recent practice, provided the sensory feedback during the latter signaled a pitch mismatch with the target. Thus, targeted vocal plasticity does not require immediate sensory experience, showing that zebra finches are capable of goal-directed vocal planning.
A neurocomputational account of the link between social perception and social action
Authors: Bas Lisa M. , Roberts Ian D. , Hutcherson Cendri A. , Tusche Anita
Published: February 2024

People selectively help others based on perceptions of their merit or need. Here, we develop a neurocomputational account of how these social perceptions translate into social choice. Using a novel fMRI social perception task, we show that both merit and need perceptions recruited the brain’s social inference network. A behavioral computational model identified two non-exclusive mechanisms underlying variance in social perceptions: a consistent tendency to perceive others as meritorious/needy (bias) and a propensity to sample and integrate normative evidence distinguishing high from low merit/need in other people (sensitivity). Variance in people’s merit (but not need) bias and sensitivity independently predicted distinct aspects of altruism in a social choice task completed months later. An individual’s merit
bias
predicted
context-independent
variance in people’s overall other-regard during altruistic choice, biasing people towards prosocial actions. An individual’s merit
sensitivity
predicted
context-sensitive
discrimination in generosity towards high and low merit recipients by influencing other-regard and self-regard during altruistic decision-making. This context-sensitive perception-action link was associated with activation in the right temporoparietal junction. Together, these findings point towards stable, biologically based individual differences in perceptual processes related to abstract social concepts like merit, and suggest that these differences may have important behavioral implications for an individual’s tendency toward favoritism or discrimination in social settings.
Contrasting responses to aridity by different-sized decomposers cause similar decomposition rates across a precipitation gradient
Authors: Torsekar Viraj R , Sagi Nevo , Daniel J Alfred , Hawlena Yael , Gavish-Regev Efrat , Hawlena Dror
Published: February 2024

Litter decomposition is expected to be positively associated with precipitation despite evidence that decomposers of varying sizes have different moisture dependencies. We hypothesized that higher tolerance of macro-decomposers to aridity may counterbalance the effect of smaller decomposers, leading to similar decomposition rates across climatic gradients. We tested this hypothesis by placing plant litter baskets of different mesh sizes in seven sites along a sharp precipitation gradient, and by characterizing the macro-decomposer assemblages using pitfall trapping. We found that decomposers responded differently to precipitation levels based on their size. Microbial decomposition increased with precipitation in the winter while macro-decomposition peaked in arid sites during the summer. This led to similar overall decomposition rates across the gradient except in hyper-arid sites. Macro-decomposer richness, abundance, and biomass peaked in arid environments. Our findings highlight the importance of macro-decomposition in arid-lands, possibly resolving the dryland decomposition conundrum, and emphasizing the need to contemplate decomposer size when investigating zoogeochemical processes.
Biomechanical, physiological and anthropometrical predictors of performance in recreational runners
Authors: Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo A. , Machado Esthevan , Guimarães Patrick , Borba Edilson , Tartaruga Marcus P. , Buzzachera Cosme F. , Correale Luca , Lanferdini Fábio Juner , da Silva Edson Soares
Published: February 2024

Background

The maximal running speed (VMAX) determined on a graded treadmill test is well-recognized as a running performance predictor. However, few studies have assessed the variables that predict VMAX in recreationally active runners.

Methods

We used a mathematical procedure combining Fick’s law and metabolic cost analysis to verify the relation between (1) VMAX versus anthropometric and physiological determinants of running performance and, (2) theoretical metabolic cost versus running biomechanical parameters. Linear multiple regression and bivariate correlation were applied. We aimed to verify the biomechanical, physiological, and anthropometrical determinants of VMAX in recreationally active runners. Fifteen recreationally active runners participated in this observational study. A Conconi and a stead-steady running test were applied using a heart rate monitor and a simple video camera to register the physiological and mechanical variables, respectively.

Results

Statistical analysis revealed that the speed at the second ventilatory threshold, theoretical metabolic cost, and fat-mass percentage confidently estimated the individual running performance as follows: VMAX = 58.632 + (−0.183 * fat percentage) + (−0.507 * heart rate percentage at second ventilatory threshold) + (7.959 * theoretical metabolic cost) (R2 = 0.62, p = 0.011, RMSE = 1.50 km.h−1). Likewise, the theoretical metabolic cost was significantly explained (R2 = 0.91, p = 0.004, RMSE = 0.013 a.u.) by the running spatiotemporal and elastic-related parameters (contact and aerial times, stride length and frequency, and vertical oscillation) as follows: theoretical metabolic cost = 10.421 + (4.282 * contact time) + (−3.795 * aerial time) + (−2.422 * stride length) + (−1.711 * stride frequency) + (0.107 * vertical oscillation).

Conclusion

Critical determinants of elastic mechanism, such as maximal vertical force and vertical and leg stiffness were unrelated to the metabolic economy. VMAX, a valuable marker of running performance, and its physiological and biomechanical determinants can be effectively evaluated using a heart rate monitor, treadmill, and a digital camera, which can be used in the design of training programs to recreationally active runners.