bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding a Tandem Repeats Motifs in the Completed Genomes of Human Coronavirus (hku1) Which is Identified as a Hotspot Region for the Viruses Recombination by Using Regular Expression Language
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Ahmed Ezzelregal , Hasan Mohamed Elsayed
Published: October 2019

A lot of research studies have been surveyed the completed genomes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic and focused on the correlation between the percentage of microsatellite sequences in completed genomes and the whole size of the organism genomes. There are fewer studies made in repetitive sequences otherwise simple sequence repeats or long tandem repeats of virus genomes. simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are the most important regions for recombination and moving repeats blocks from site to another site in the genomes. A tool was programmed and designed by visual basic 6.0 to find the long tandem repeats in DNA sequences of the small genomes. The tool named “Repeater Finder Regular Expression”, (RFRE) Version 1.0, 2016. The tool was utilized to discover different pattern of long tandem repeats (LTR) motifs on the completed genomes of human corona virus strains by using a joined regular expression language. In this study, a twenty-nine accession numbers of human coronavirus completed genomes, (hku1) strains were retrieved from the Genbank. The researcher can write a different regular expression patterns and joined regular expression patterns through the designed tool to search and find a specific motif of nucleotide sequences inside the complete genomes. The RFRE tool searched and found three different total lengths of a perfect long tandem repeats (240bp, 300bp and 480bp). A Dot plot gave a picture view for the long tandem repeat sequences in the completed genome sequence (KF430201.1) of human coronavirus. The genomic dot plot tool YASS was used as a genomic similarity searching tool to check for the uninterrupted repeats and confirm the sensitivity of the (RFRE) tool. To identify the recombination site in the genomes of human coronavirus the RAT tool was applied to find the recombination sites between the completed genomes of human corona viruses .The RAT tool recognized the recombination site in the nucleotide position (3012) and at the same time this recombination site position (3012) was also recognized as a beginning position of a long tandem repeat. A precise motif was predicted from the translated repeats of Human Corona Virus which found by PRATT tool. There was a relationship between the total length of long tandem repeats and genome size of Human Corona Virus and the correlation value R2 was equal to (0,451). In conclusion, this study presented the importance of finding the long tandem repeats of human coronavirus and gives a relationship between the completed genome size of human coronavirus types and long tandem repeats. The nucleotide position (3012) was a hot spot site for a recombination among the complete genomes of human coronavirus and also identified as a repetitive site in the genomes of human corona virus (hku1). The repeats in human coronavirus (hku1) were predicated to be a main major role of virus evolution.
FACTORS OF URBAN-RURAL MIGRATION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF I-TURN MIGRANTS IN RURAL JAPAN
Authors: Obikwelu Faith E. , Ikegami Koichi , Tsuruta Tadasu
Published: October 2019

This paper analyses the reasons for I-turn migration and the actual economic situation (measured by their income level, savings and expenditure) as well as their true social situation (assessed by the nature of relationship that exist between them and the villagers) in these communities as compared to those conditions they had while they were in urban areas. The study was conducted in some selected rural areas of Nara and Kyoto Prefectures. A structured questionnaire was designed and distributed to I-turners in the research areas and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the responses of the I-turners. The study revealed that the main reasons why I- turners moved to the rural areas are; preference to quiet and relaxed rural life (51.1%), to be engaged in agriculture (31.9%) and strong desire to raise kids in the rural environment (29.8%). The economic situation of the I-turners was not so favourable as most of them earned a lower income (59.6%) after moving from the cities. They also have to cope with decreased savings (44.7%), and some I-turners (27.7%) indicated that they do not save at all. At the same time, majority of them (60%) indicated that their expenditure was higher in the city compared to now that they are in the village. One of the reasons they gave for reduced expenditure in the rural area is as a result of a bilateral and close relationship that exist between them and their neighbours via various direct helps and indirect helps they receive from them. Nevertheless, these I-turners were often resisted by the influential village elders and old residents who were reluctant to accept innovative ideas from them. I-turners were expected to close the gap between them and the uncooperative members of the community by actively involving in village works and other social responsibilities. Based on the research findings, this paper concludes that the I-turners being faced with harsh economic condition and other uncomfortabilities, can be sustained in the rural areas where they perform a wide range of roles in solving rural problems if the attractions that the rural areas hold for them (which motivated their migration into these areas in the first place) are not tampered with. Also, the sustainability of these I-turn migrants in the rural area is highly dependent on the quality of relationship that exist between them and original members of each village community. This conclusion is based on the fact that the I-turners, though currently confronted with diverse economic and social challenges, still display a level of contentment in the rural life as a result of various gains of living in these areas (including their original reasons for migration) and the rich social relationship that exist between them and some of the cooperative villagers.
CREDIT CO-OPERATIVES AND THEIR ROLE IN POVERTY REDUCTION IN RURAL CHINA
Authors: Zhao Li
Published: October 2019

Financial constraints may contribute to poverty traps. In the underdeveloped capital markets of rural China, many poor farmers in disadvantaged areas are financially constrained and denied access to formal financial services. A few attempts have been made to reform rural credit co-operatives but with limited impact. Recently, the development of rural mutual co-operatives, as one of new-type rural financial institutions, has gained increasing attention among scholars. While scholars predict that it would be difficult for true co-operative financial institutions to establish themselves and develop in China, this study discusses the conditions for the development of rural mutual co-operatives and identifies their institutional advantages in poverty outreach and financial sustainability. The analysis of the study is largely based on the primary data collected from field investigations and case studies. The study reveals that these organizations have played a significant role in promoting financial inclusion and become a sustainable driver for poverty reduction. This observation is in contrast to the widely-believed prediction that it is hardly probable for true credit co-operatives to establish themselves in modern China due to excessive government intervention and China’s peculiar political culture and social context. The findings also suggest two conditions be necessary to achieve their potential, namely, the co-operation between credit co-operatives and agricultural co-operatives, and local embeddedness with good social connectedness.
DETERMINANTS OF FOOD SECURITY AMONG FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN AKURE NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Opaluwa Haruna I , Oyibo Felix O , Jimoh Fatai A
Published: October 2019

The determinants of food securityamong farming households in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria is the main focus of this study.It specifically described the socioeconomiccharacteristics of the farming households, analyzed the food security situation of the respondents and estimated the determinants of food security among the households in the study area. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 109farming householdswho were selected by a three stage random sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Food security index, FGT and Binary Logit regression model. Findings of the study showed a young vibrant farming population, relatively literate and engaged in small scale farming. The outcome of the study also indicated that majority (80percent) of the respondents were food insecure consuming less than the recommended daily calories intake of 2260kcal. Food secure households in the study area exceeded the calorie requirement by 69% while the food insecure households fell short of the recommended calorie intake by 37%.The result of the Logit regression revealed that education, household size, farm size and total household income were the statistically significant variables affecting the food security of the farming households in the study area. These coefficients have values of1.490, - 0.021, 0.264 and 0.000 respectively. It was recommended that Government should provide an integrated approach that promotes formal education among farming households to enhance their farm production activities.There is also a need to promote large scale farming in the area. It was further recommended that enlightenment programmes on nutrition and birth control measure should be directed at the farming households in the study area. This will help to check the consumption of unbalanced diets and uncontrolled child births respectively.
SMALL FARMERS AND CONVERSION: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL (EVIDENCE FROM MANGGARAI, FLORES, EAST NUSA TENGGARA, INDONESIA)
Authors: Lawang Robert M.Z.
Published: October 2019

This article deals with the role of social capital in Manggarai on the basis of the following assumptions. First, the incapacity of the poor farmers to develop social capital themselves caused by external and internal constraints. Empowerment and policy approaches are primary in social capital formation. Second, combination of empowerment and policy approaches which seem to be relevant for problem solving. This article is based on field research where qualitative approach was used. Both farmers belonging to Ecopastoral and Non- Ecopastoral clusters have been developing social capitals for themselves used in their trajectories of conversion. The groups belonging to the clusters are important for further policy development through resource mobilization of social capitals own by government, civil society organization and market.
SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITY AND POVERTY PROFILES IN OIL PRODUCING RURAL AREAS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ukpong Inibehe George , Inyeinyang Mercy Michael , Ominikari Abraham Godwin
Published: October 2019

This study examines the disparity in socioeconomic and poverty profiles of people in oil producing rural areas in Nigeria. The study involved a total of 446 respondents selected from fifteen rural communities in the Niger Delta region, where the bulk of Nigeria’s crude oil is produced. Inferences were based on the results from simple descriptive analysis involving percentages and cross tabulations. The results indicate a wide disparity in the socioeconomic characteristics and poverty profiles of people in the study areas. In particular, the results suggest poverty prevalence in oil producing rural areas particularly among farmers, fishermen and young people. The results also suggest an obvious impact of oil and gas extraction on agriculture and other traditional sources of livelihood in the rural areas. Thus, a reduction in environmental pollution would help to improve agriculture and other sources of livelihood of the rural people. The study also encourages government support and increased private sector investment in agriculture in the rural areas, while multinational oil companies are encouraged to promote agricultural development through increased financial support for rural farmers, training of the farmers and funding for agricultural research. In addition, the government and multinational oil companies are encouraged to guarantee efficient wealth distribution, provision of employment and sustainable human empowerment through viable skills acquisition programmes for young people in the rural areas.
E-Learning Using Wordpress on Physics Materials with The 5E Learning Cycle Strategy
Authors: Muliyati Dewi , Herga Marizka  , Bakri Fauzi
Published: October 2019

This article aims to publish research results in developing e-learning tools using WordPress in high school physics learning with the 5E Learning Cycle strategy. The 5E Learning Cycle Strategy consists of five stages: Engagement, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate. The 5E Learning Cycle Strategy refers to learner-centered learning so that online-based learning media is needed that can condition the implementation of learning following the 5E Learning Cycle stages. This study uses research and development that refers to the Dick and Carey model. E-learning products produce five physics topics, namely 1) Direct Current (DC) Circuit; 2) Static Electricity; 3) Magnetic Field; 4) Electromagnetic Induction; and 5) Alternating Current (AC) Circuit. It was validated by material physic experts, media experts, and learning experts, in the form of a Likert-scale questionnaire. The results of field trials using e-learning products produce N-Gain values ranging from 0.35 to 0.40. The study concluded that the developed e-learning could support physics learning with the Learning Cycle 5E strategy.
Textbooks Equipped with Augmented Reality Technology for Physics Topic in High-School
Authors: Bakri Fauzi , Oktaviani Marsal  , Muliyati Dewi
Published: October 2019

This article aims to publish research results on the development of physics textbooks equipped with 3D media based on Augmented Reality technology. AR Technology can provide solutions when students face difficulties illustrating physics material in physics learning textbooks. This research uses the research & development method of the Dick & Carey model. The resulting book displays physics material in multi representations with verbal forms, pictures, tables, graphs, mathematical equations, and 3D media. Augmented Reality technology-based multi representation is displayed with a marker that is scanned through a smartphone application with an Android system. The scanning process requires an average of two seconds from each marker. The time of this scan shows that the media produced is more effective and efficient when compared with the activities of searching and downloading animations or videos by students. The feasibility of the book was tested with a Likert scale questionnaire instrument. For material, the worthiness was 71.45% while 93.3% for the media. The trial results are limited to five materials giving N-Gain values ranging from 0.3 to 0.47. Based on these results it can be concluded that the book model enriched with 3D media with AR technology is already feasible as a textbook in learning physics.
Optimizing CO2- and Field-Gas-Injection EOR in Unconventional Reservoirs Using the Fast-Marching Method
Authors: Iino Atsushi , Onishi Tsubasa , Datta-Gupta Akhil
Published: October 2019

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) from shale-oil reservoirs, including injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) and field gas. For the performance assessment and optimization of CO2- and field-gas-injection processes, compositional simulation is a powerful and versatile tool because of the capability to incorporate reservoir heterogeneity, complex fracture geometry, and multiphase and multicomponent effects in nanoporous rocks. However, flow simulation accounting for such complex physics can be computationally expensive. In particular, field-scale optimization studies requiring a large number of high-resolution compositional simulations can be challenging and sometimes computationally prohibitive. In this paper, we present a rapid and efficient approach for the optimization of CO2- and field-gas-injection EOR in unconventional reservoirs using a fast-marching-method (FMM) -based flow simulation.

The FMM-based simulation uses the concept of diffusive time of flight (DTOF). The DTOF is a representation of the travel time of pressure-front propagation and accounts for geological heterogeneity, well architecture, and complex fracture geometry. The DTOF can be efficiently obtained by solving the Eikonal equation using the FMM. The 3D flow equation is then transformed into an equivalent 1D equation using the DTOF as a spatial coordinate, leading to orders of magnitude faster computation for high-resolution and compositional models as compared to full 3D simulations. The speed of computation enables using robust population-based optimization techniques such as genetic- or evolutionary-based algorithms that typically require a large number of simulation runs to optimize the operational and process parameters.

We demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of our proposed approach using synthetic and field-scale examples. We first validate the FMM-based simulation approach using an example of CO2 huff ‘n’ puff for a synthetic heterogeneous dual-porosity model with a multistage hydraulically fractured well. Next, we present a field-scale optimization of operating strategies for gas-injection EOR in the Eagle Ford Formation. The rapid computation of the FMM-based approach enabled a comprehensive evaluation of the EOR project, including sensitivity studies, parameter-importance analysis, and optimal operating strategies using high-resolution geologic models.
Planning of Food-Energy-Water-Waste (FEW2) nexus for sustainable development
Authors: Feng Bowen , Dam Koen H. van , Guo Miao , Shah Nilay , Passmore Stephen , Wang Xiaonan
Published: October 2019

It is critical for reliable infrastructure planning to address the Food-Energy-Water-Waste (FEW2) nexus at system level. This paper presents the applicability of the systematic modelling platform resilience.io across water, energy and waste sectors with focus on waste-to-energy pathway, aiming to establish the optimal FEW2 nexus based on economic and environmental indicators. A rich array of technology options, including water production facilities, clean energy technologies and waste-to-energy conversions are evaluated to meet the demand of water and energy (mainly gas and electricity), and the treatment requirement of waste and wastewater. A case study of Hunter Valley, the largest region in Australia, is presented in this study, featuring the supply and demand context of developed countries. A full set of scenarios, including business-as-usual (BAU), water and wastewater, power plant decommission, waste-to-energy and policy intervention, is created to present FEW2 nexus from the perspective of individual nodes and the whole system. The results signal the benefits of biogas and syngas generation from anaerobic digestion and gasification for waste-to-energy pathway, alongside findings in water and energy sectors. The outcome of this analysis can then form the foundation of regional planning involving relevant stakeholders, with the modelling tools supporting scenario evaluation and collaborative learning to reach consensus in view of different performance indicators.
DANİŞMENDLİ İSMAİL OĞLU SIRACEDDİN AHMED’İN YAPTIRDIĞI KONYA KALESİ BURÇ KİTABESİNİN (600 H/ 1203-1204 M) GETİRDİĞİ YENİ BİLGİLER
Authors: HACIGÖKMEN Mehmet Ali
Published: October 2019

Danişmendli- Selçuklu ilişkileri Danişmend Gazi’nin babası Ali Taylu’nun Kutalmış’ın kayınpederi olmasına kadar dayanır. Zamanla bu ilişki çok değişik bir çehreye bürünmüştür. Danişmend Gazi, I. Kılıç Arslan ile beraber Haçlılarla mücadelede birlikte hareket etmiştir. Daha sonra I. Kılıç Arslan’ın oğlu Mesud’un tahta çıkmasında ve Selçuklu devletinin güçlenmesinde Danişmendli Emir Gazi’nin önemli bir rolü olmuştur. II. Kılıç Arslan dönemiyle beraber Danişmendiler peyderpey Selçuklulara tabii olmuştur. Özellikle Miryokefalon savaşı öncesinde Sivas ve Kayseri Danişmendli beylikleri, Selçukluların hâkimiyetine girmiştir. Bugüne kadar Danişmendli Yağıbasan oğullarının II. Kılıç Arslan ve oğlu I. Gıyaseddin Keyhusrev’in hizmetine girdiklerini sonra daha da önemlisi I. Gıyaseddin Keyhusrev’in 2. defa tahta çıkmasındaki rollerini biliyoruz. Ancak Danişmendlilerin diğer kolu Melik Muhammed’in oğullarının, Danişmendli Beyliği yıkıldıktan sonraki durumu hakkında bildiklerimiz çok sınırlı idi. Elimizdeki kitabe bize Melik Muhammed’in Zunnûn dışındaki oğullarının Selçuklu Sultanı II. Rükneddin Süleymanşah’ın hizmetine girdiğini göstermektedir. Sonra III. Kılıç Arslan’ın tahta çıkmasında da etkili olmuşlardır. Hatta bu kitabe Yağıbasan oğullarının desteklediği I. Gıyaseddin’in 2. defa tahta çıkarken, ona karşı Konya’yı savunma adına iç kale burcunu Danişmendli İsmail oğlu Sipehsalar Siraceddin Ahmed’in inşaa etmesini ortaya çıkarmaktadır.
HÜSEYİN CAVİD’İN “İBLİS” FACİASINA DİNÎ - FELSEFİ BAKIŞ
Authors: BARMANBAY Afina
Published: October 2019

Hüseyin Cavid’in (1882- 1941) İblis adlı manzum trajedisi, her ne kadar felsefi yönden araştırılsa da dinî yönden tetkiki tamamen eksik kalmıştır. Hâlbuki “İblis”, yoğun dinî-felsefi görüşleri bir tam olarak ihtiva eden güçlü edebi eserdir. Kaynakları dinden, mitolojiden ve dünya klasik edebiyatından gelen İblis karakterini Hüseyin Cavid dinî- felsefi yönden mükemmel şekilde işleyerek, bedii kudretine göre Lucifer, Demon, Mefistofel ağırlığında olan bir İblis yaratmıştır. Çalışmamızda, Hüseyin Cavid’in İblis eserine istinaden: İblis kimdir? İblis aslında nerededir? İnsanların nefsine ve zaaflarına yenik düşmesinin sebebi İblis mi? Hayır gibi şer de insanın genetik kodundan mı gelir yoksa daha sonra dışarıdan mı edinilir? İblis’ten kurtulmanın çaresi yok mu? İblis’in insanlara ve Allah’a yönelik eleştirileri ne denli etkilidir? Bütün olanların ve olacakların sorumlusu kimdir? Felaketlerden kurtuluş yollarının çözüm anahtarı nerede saklıdır? - gibi sorulara dinî-felsefi yönden cevaplar verilmiştir.
TAŞKIN PAŞA (DAMSA) KÜLLİYESİ İÇERİSİNDE YER ALAN HIZIR BEY TÜRBESİNDEKİ SANDUKALAR
Authors: ALTIN Alper
Published: October 2019

Anadolu Selçukluları ile mamur edilmeye başlanan İslam şehirleri, Selçukluların yıkılması ile birlikte ortaya çıkan Beylikler döneminde de imarına devam edilmiştir. Türk kültürünün ve sanatının yansıması olan eserler Anadolu’nun dört bir tarafını süslemiştir. Karaman merkezli kurulan Karamanoğulları kendilerini Selçuklular’ın varisi olarak görmüş ve sanat üslubunu sürdürmek istemişlerdir. Karamanoğullarının hüküm sürdüğü şehirlerde (Konya, Karaman, Niğde, Kayseri, Antalya, Mersin, Nevşehir, Aksaray) cami, mescit, medrese, kümbet, kervansaray, hamam, köprü ve çeşme gibi pek çok eseri günümüze gelmiştir. Nevşehir Damsa’da Eratna Beyliği’ne ait Taşkınpaşa Külliyesi içerisine yaptırmış oldukları Hızır Bey Türbesi, Ürgüp İbrahim Bey Camisi ile birlikte Karamanoğullarının bölgede imzasıdır. Baldaken tarzdaki türbede dört sanduka yer almaktadır. Bunların üçü özgün biri sonradan getirilmiştir. Kitabelerine göre bunlar Hızır Bey, Hasan ve İlyas Bey’e aittir. Çalışmamızda söz konusu türbe kısaca tanıtılacak ve asıl olarak sandukalar incelenecektir. Türk sanatında sandukaların yeri ve önemi çizim ve fotoğraflar ile belgelenerek belirtilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Osmanlı Ordusunda Alman Ekolü Von Der Goltz Paşa (1883-1895)
Authors: İNANÇ Metehan
Published: October 2019

Genel çalışmaları XIX. yüzyıl Osmanlı maliyesi ve askerî teşkilatı üzerine olan Salih Kış, Selçuk Üniversitesindeki eğitimi sonrası akademik hayata atılmıştır. Hâlen Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümünde öğretim üyesi olarak görevine devam etmektedir. Önsöz, teşekkür ve giriş ile başlayan eser üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, Türk-Alman işbirliğinin başlangıç süreci, Alman askerî heyetinin çalışma kontratı ve çalışma süresi üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci bölümde kitabın adı olan Von der Goltz Paşa’nın İstanbul’a gelmesi ve Osmanlı’daki askerî yükselişi hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.
Natrum muriaticum como atenuante de la salinidad (NaCl) en albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: Mazón Suástegui José Manuel , Murillo Amador Bernardo , Batista Sánchez Daulemys , Agüero Fernández Yuneisy , García Bernal Milagro Ramona , Ojeda Silvera Carlos Michel
Published: October 2019

La salinización de los suelos es un factor limitante para el desarrollo de la agricultura, particularmente en zonas áridas y semiáridas donde la producción se reduce en las especies aromáticas sensibles al estrés salino. La homeopatía es una rama de la medicina alternativa con aplicación progresiva en humanos, animales y plantas. El objetivo fue utilizar el medicamento homeopático Natrum muriaticum (obtenido a partir de sal de mar) como atenuante de los efectos del estrés por NaCl en el crecimiento y desarrollo de albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) en sistema hidropónico. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial (2A×2B×3C), considerando las variedades Napoletano y Emily como factor A, la concentración de NaCl (0 y 75 mM) como factor B y el tratamiento homeopático (7CH y 13CH Natrum muriaticum) como factor C, con un total de 12 tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones. Se evaluó longitud de tallo y de raíz, área foliar, biomasa fresca y seca de raíz, biomasa fresca y seca de parte aérea. Se realizaron análisis de varianza y comparaciones múltiples de medias (Tukey HSD p≤0.05). Los resultados muestran que la aplicación de ambas dinamizaciones homeopáticas (7CH y 13CH) propició un incremento en las variables morfométricas evaluadas, sin embargo, la aplicación de Natrum muriaticum 7CH incrementó los valores de las variables evaluadas en Napoletano. Se confirma el principio homeopático Similia Similibus Curentur y se estima que la homeopatía agrícola incrementará la producción de Ocimum basilicum L., aumentando su tolerancia a condiciones de estrés salino, además de ser compatible con la agricultura tradicional, ecológica y orgánica.
Nitrate, phosphate and boron content in wastewater for crop irrigation in Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo
Authors: Pérez Díaz José Pedro , Ortega Escobar Héctor Manuel , Ramírez Ayala Carlos , Flores Magdaleno Héctor , Sánchez Bernal Edgar Iván , Can Chulim Álvaro , Mancilla Villa Oscar Raúl
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Mexico City generates an approximate volume of wastewater of 57 m3 s-1, the wastewater is conduct by the drainage network: main channel-west interceptor-central emitter, and conducted to Hidalgo State, during it course, an important volume is poured into irrigation channels and is used for crop irrigation in the Mezquital Valley.Method: in this study, nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO4-3) boron (B3+) and chloride (Cl-) content in 188 wastewater samples was determined. The objective was to assessment the risk of toxicity by specific ions (B3+ and Cl-) and the nutrients content (N, P, K, Ca y Mg) in wastewater used for crop irrigation.Results: the nitrate (NO3-) concentration was very heterogeneous (CV=59.83 %) and this was attributed to the lixiviation of nitrogen fertilizers. The maximum phosphate (PO4-3) value was 65.7 mg L-1, and its concentration was attributed to the discharge of household wastewater. The boron concentration (B3+) was less than 1.88 mg L-1. The risk of toxicity due to the use of wastewater in irrigation may cause a decrease the yield of sensitive crops, such as beans.Conclusion: untreated wastewater used in irrigation in Mezquital Valley, may cause toxicity problems in some crops; the nitrate and phosphate concentrations in wastewater of the Mexico City-Mezquital Valley drainage network were high, and these were attributed to the discharges of domestic and industrial wastewaters and to agricultural drainage, high concentrations of nitrate and phosphate represent a risk for aquatic organisms due to pollution and the possible eutrophication of water bodies. The risk of toxicity by B3+ and Cl-can have a negative effect on the germination and yield of bean crops.
Multi-parametric modeling of water treatment plant using AI-based non-linear ensemble
Authors: Abba S. I. , Nourani Vahid , Elkiran Gozen
Published: October 2019

In this research, general regression neural network (GRNN), Hammerstein-wiener (HW) and non-linear autoregressive with exogenous (NARX) neural network, least square support vector machine (LSSVM) models were employed for multi-parametric (Hardness (mg/L), turbidity (Turb) (μs/cm), pH and suspended solid (SS) (mg/L)) modeling of Tamburawa water treatment plant (TWTP) at Kano, Nigeria. The weekly data from the TWTP were used and the predictive models were evaluated based on several numerical indicators. Four different non-linear ensemble techniques (GRNN-E, HW-E, NARX-E, and LSSVM-E) were subsequently employed. The comparison of the results of modeling showed that HW served as the best model for the simulation of Hardness, Turb, and SS while the NARX model demonstrated high capability in predicting pH. Yet, the HW and NARX as system identification techniques attained best overall predictive performance among the four modeling approaches. The HW model offers, therefore, a reliable and intelligent approach for predicting the treated Hardness, Turb, and SS and should be explored as a predictive tool in TWTP. Among the non-linear ensemble models, GRNN-E proved of high merit and increased the accuracy of the best single models significantly up to 30% for Hardness and Turb, 34% for pH, and 37% for SS with regards to the single models.
Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activity of Phenolic Compounds from Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Against T47D Human Breast Cancer Cell
Authors: Ghazali Nor Farahiyah , Mustafa Farah Farisha , Muhammad Tengku Sifzizul Tengku , Ibrahim Maizatul Akma
Published: October 2019

Background:

Cancer is a major public health burden worldwide. Breast cancer tops the
chart as the most common cancer of today and has become the major cause of death inthe female
population. Approximately 60% of currently applied cancer drugs are derived from natural sources.
Piper sarmentosum Roxb. is one of the natural plants that had been traditionally used as herbal
medicine. Phytochemical compounds from this plant were reported to be important in the promotion
of human health, mainly due to its phenolic compounds, which have been linked with various biomedical
properties.

Objective:

To identify the phenolic profile of P. sarmentosum leaves methanolic extract and to investigate
the antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity on human breast carcinoma cells, T47D.

Methods:

Methanolic extract of P. sarmentosum leaves was analyzed by using Folin-Ciocalteu
method and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In vitro antioxidant study of the
extract was carried out using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging test. In vitro cytotoxicity
assay was conducted by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-
sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Biochemical test of DNA fragmentation was also applied
to study the extract’s cytotoxicity effect on T47D mode of cell death.

Results:

The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) for the P. sarmentosum extract was 89.33 mg GAE/g
DM and HPLC revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids. From the DPPH assay, P.
sarmentosum extract exhibited antioxidant activity with the EC50 at 60.24 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity
analysis by MTS assay showed the treatment of T47D cells with the plant extract that caused cytotoxic
effect on the cells, with an IC50 value of 2.69 μg/mL. The DNA fragmentation assay on the extract-
treated T47D cells exhibited internucleosomal DNA fragmentation of the cell's genome on an
electrophoresis agarose gel.

Conclusion:

The phenolic compounds identified from P. sarmentosum have cytotoxic effects
against breast cancer cells, T47D. These compounds could be a promising anticancer agent candidate
for breast cancer treatment. Further studies on the isolation, structural elucidation and mechanism
of action on the active compounds are required prior to in vivo and clinical study.
Nanoparticles and Vaccine Development
Authors: kheirollahpour Mehdi , Mehrabi Mohsen , Dounighi Naser Mohammadpour , Mohammadi Mohsen , Masoudi Alireza
Published: October 2019

In spite of the progress of conventional vaccines, improvements are required due to concerns about the low immunogenicity of the toxicity, instability, and the need for multiple administrations of the vaccines. To overcome the mentioned problems, nanotechnology has recently been incorporated into vaccine development. Nanotechnology increasingly plays an important role in vaccine development nanocarrier-based delivery systems that offer an opportunity to increase the cellular and humoral immune responses. The use of nanoparticles in vaccine formulations allows not only enhanced immunogenicity and stability of antigen, but also targeted delivery and slow release. Over the past decade, nanoscale size materials such as virus-like particles, liposomes, ISCOMs, polymeric, inorganic nanoparticles and emulsions have gained attention as potential delivery vehicles for vaccine antigens, which can both stabilize vaccine antigens and act as adjuvants. This advantage is attributable to the nanoscale particle size, which facilitates uptake by Antigen- Presenting Cells (APCs), then leading to efficient antigen recognition and presentation. Modifying the surfaces of nanoparticles with different targeting moieties permits the delivery of antigens to specific receptors on the cell surface, thereby stimulating selective and specific immune responses. This review provides an overview of recent advances in nanovaccinology.
Recent Developments and Potential of Mucoadhesive Buccal Drug Delivery System for Oro-mucosal Disorders
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Garg Rajeev
Published: October 2019

Background:

The drug delivery across buccal mucosa is a very interesting option for the treatment of various oro-mucosal disorders such as aphthous stomatitis, periodontitis, gingivitis, toothache, periodontitis, and sjorgensen syndrome. But it is quite difficult because of target site movements, limited area for drug absorption, drinking of fluids, intake of food and saliva flow at regular intervals, contributing to poor retention and sub-therapeutic level of drug at the target site. Due to this, the mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery system has gained a great deal of attention among the various scientists and researchers over the last two decades.

Methods:

Mucoadhesion is a process of attachment between the natural or synthetic macromolecule and mucosal epithelial surface with the aid of interfacial attractive forces. The process of mucoadhesion has been extensively encouraged by the utilization of mucoadhesive polymers within the formulation that on contact with salivary fluid swells and adheres to buccal epithelium membrane, thus prolonging the drug release, retention time and improving therapeutic performance in case of oral diseases. The present review tries to cover the basic anatomy and structure of oral mucosa, pathways of drug absorption, the theory of mucoadhesion, mechanisms involved in mucoadhesion and various factors affecting mucoadhesion.

Results:

It highlights the properties of mucoadhesive polymers in drug delivery along with various dosage forms such as mucoadhesive tablets, films, patches, gels, and pastes. Furthermore, it also sheds light on the recent developments made in the field of mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery system that reflects the potential of this system for the effective treatment of oro-mucosal disorders.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that the mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery system has great potential in the near future for treating oro-mucosal disorders.
De marktpositie van wijken in Hoogvliet
Authors: Van Boggelen Otto
Published: October 2019

In de Rotterdamse deelgemeenteHoogvliet is de hoop gevestigd opbeheer. Een jaar geleden liet het voormaligeProjectburo StadsvernieuwingHoogvliet enkele onderzoeken uitvoerendie als basis voor het beheer dienen.Waar zijn extra beheerinspanningennoodzakelijk, luidde één van devragen. De resultaten uit louter cijfermatigeanalyses zijn even voor de handliggend als eenduidig: hoe ouder dewijk, hoe intensiever het beheer aangepaktmoet worden.
Improving the Course of Depressive Symptoms After Inpatient Psychotherapy Using Adjunct Web-Based Self-Help: Follow-Up Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Zwerenz Rüdiger , Baumgarten Carlotta , Becker Jan , Tibubos Ana , Siepmann Martin , Knickenberg Rudolf J , Beutel Manfred E
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

We recently showed in a randomized controlled trial that Web-based self-help as an adjunct improved the effectiveness of multimodal inpatient psychotherapy for depression.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study were (1) to determine whether a Web-based self-help adjunctive to multimodal inpatient psychotherapeutic treatment could also improve the course of depressive symptoms and (2) to identify predictors of residual depressive symptoms at follow-up.

METHODS

Overall, 229 patients were randomized either to the Web-based self-help intervention group (Deprexis) or an active control group (Web-based information about depression and depressive symptoms) in addition to multimodal inpatient psychotherapy. Participants in both groups were able to access their respective Web-based programs for 12 weeks, which meant that they typically had access after discharge from the inpatient unit (mean hospitalization duration: 40 days, T1). Follow-up was performed 6 months after study intake (T3).

RESULTS

At follow-up, participants of the Web-based self-help group had considerably lower symptom load regarding depressive symptoms (d=0.58) and anxiety (d=0.46) as well as a better quality of life (d=0.43) and self-esteem (d=0.31) than participants of the control group. Nearly 3 times as many participants of the intervention group compared with the control group achieved remission in accordance with less deterioration. The number needed to treat based on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) improved over time (T1: 7.84, T2: 7.09, and T3: 5.12). Significant outcome predictors were BDI at discharge and treatment group.

CONCLUSIONS

Web-based self-help as an add-on to multimodal inpatient psychotherapy improved the short-term course of depressive symptoms beyond termination. Residual symptoms at discharge from inpatient treatment and utilization of the Web-based self-help were the major predictors of depressive symptoms at follow-up. Challenges and barriers (eg, costs, therapists’ concerns, or technical barriers) of adding Web-based interventions to inpatient treatment have to be addressed.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02196896; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02196896.
Country-Level Assessment of Missed Opportunities for Vaccination in South Africa: Protocol for Multilevel Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ndwandwe Duduzile , Ngcobo Ntombenhle J , Adamu Abdu A , Nnaji Chukwudi , Mashunye Thandiwe , Leufak Arlette M , Cooper Sara , Uthman Olalekan A , Wiysonge Charles S
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Vaccination is one of the greatest public health interventions of all time. Vaccination coverage in South Africa has shown a steady improvement in reaching the national target. However, while there is progress nationally, there are districts within the country that are below the set target for vaccination coverage. One of the main drivers of suboptimal vaccination coverage is thought to be missed opportunities for vaccination.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to understand the magnitude and determinants of missed opportunities for vaccination in South Africa.

METHODS

The 2016 South African Demographic and Health Survey will be used to conduct multilevel regression analyses to determine individual and contextual factors associated with missed opportunities for vaccination in South Africa. The perspectives of parents attending health care facilities in South Africa will be explored through exit interviews and focus group discussions. Similarly, perspectives of the health care providers will be sought to understand enablers and barriers to vaccination coverage at the facility level. Insights to such factors will aid in designing tailor-made interventions to improve vaccination coverage in South Africa.

RESULTS

Ethical review submission is planned for October 2020. Data collection is expected to be underway in January 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

The extent of missed opportunities in South Africa coupled with the associated factors presents an opportunity for efforts to increase uptake in districts where vaccination coverage is below the national target. Population-level data such as those from the 2016 South African Demographic Health Survey will provide an idea of the magnitude of missed opportunities for vaccination in South Africa at the national and subnational levels. The findings of the study will inform national and subnational policy implementation on vaccinations and help to find context-specific interventions to improve vaccination coverage.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/16672
Co-design and feasibility of a chatbot based coaching intervention for adolescents to promote life skills (Preprint)
Authors: Gabrielli Silvia , Rizzi Silvia , Carbone Sara , Donisi Valeria
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Adolescence is a challenging period, facing rapid changes, increasing socio-emotional demands and threats, such as (cyber)bullying. Adolescent mental health and well-being can best be ensured by providing effective coaching on life skills, as coping strategies and protective factors. Interventions that take advantage of online coaching by means of chatbots, deployed on web or mobile technology, may be a novel and more appealing way to support mental health prevention for adolescents.

OBJECTIVE

In this pilot study, we co-designed and conducted a formative evaluation of an online life skills coaching chatbot intervention, inspired by the positive technology approach, to promote mental well-being in adolescence.

METHODS

We co-designed the first life-skills coaching session of the “CRI(S)” chatbot with 20 secondary school students in a participatory design workshop. We then conducted a formative evaluation of whole intervention (8 sessions) with a convenience sample of 21 adolescents of both genders (average age 14.52 years), who engaged with the chatbot sessions over 4 weeks, filling in a user experience anonymous questionnaire (5-point Likert scale) at the end of each session.

RESULTS

A majority of the adolescents found the intervention was useful (16/21, 76.1%), easy to use (19/21, 90.4%) and innovative (17/21, 80.9%). Most of participants (15/21, 71.4%) liked in particular the video cartoons provided by the chatbot in the coaching sessions, thought that a session should last 5-10 minutes (14/21, 66%) and they said they would recommend the intervention to a friend (20/21, 95.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

We have presented a novel and scalable self-help intervention to deliver life skills coaching to adolescents that is appealing to them and can support the promotion of coping skills and mental well-being in youth.
Patogenisitas Vibrio Fluvialis 24SK terhadap Kerapu Tikus (Cromileptes altivelis)
Authors: Istiqomah Indah , Isnansetyo Alim , Triyanto Triyanto , Nitimulyo Kamiso Handoyo , Murdjani Muhammad
Published: October 2019

This research was aimed to investigate the pathogenicity of Vibrio fluvialis 24SK in humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) based on its Lethal Dosage 50 (LD50). V. fluvialis 24SK was isolated from ren of humpback grouper cultured in floating net cage at Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Center (BADC) Situbondo, with vibriosis signs. The bacterium was cultured in Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB) medium dissolved in trisalt solution (KCl, 0.75 g/l; MgSO4.7H2O; 14.2 g/l; NaCl, 18.4 g/l), incubated at 300C for 24 h. Infection was carried out by interperitoneal injection to humpback grouper (8-9 cm of total length) at 102, 104, 106, and 108 cfu/fish. Control fishes were injected with 0.2 ml trisalt solution. Disease sign and mortality of fishes were observed every eight hour for 40 days. LD50 was calculated based on Dragstedt Behrens method (Hubert, 1980). Result indicated that infection of the bacteria at 106 and 108 cfu/fish caused sub-acute disease signs, such as haemorhagic on operculum, base of fins (pinnae pectorales, pinnae abdominales, pinna analis), and also head and abdomen, while infection at 102 and 104 cfu/fish caused chronic disease signs, such as haemorhagic on fins base which was followed by necrotic on fins and skin tissue in prolonged time. Histopathologically, infection of the bacteria caused atrophy on the gills, infiltrations of lymphocyte, heterofel and plasma cell on the gills and fins base, vacuolar degeneration on the liver, and also present the bacteria colony on the fins base and intestine tissues. V. fluvialis 24SK has LD50 at (1,1±0,5)x107 cfu/fish.
KEMAMPUAN ADAPTASI KEPITING BAKAU (Scyla serrata) TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SALINITAS AIR
Authors: Widaningroem Retno , Isnansetyo Alim
Published: October 2019

Objectives of this research were to know water salinity change which can be use for culturing and fattening of mud crab, and to know adaptation of mud crab on water salinity change. The research used modified bioassay method and completely randomized factorial design consisted of two factor namely water salinity change (0,5 and 10 ppt of water salinity change) and duration of water salinity change (3 and 6 hours).The result indicated that decreasing salinity by 5 and 10 ppt per 3 and 6 hours from 20 to 0 ppt could be adapted by mud crab. As well as increasing if salinity by 5 and 10 ppt per 10 and 6 hours from 20 to 5 ppt could be adapted by mud crab. Mud crab was able to adapt water salinity change by 5 and 10 ppt per 3 and 6 hours from 0 to 50 ppt.
PENCUCIAN MEMPENGARUHI MUTU SURIMI CUCUT (Carcharhinus sp.)
Authors: Husni Amir , Lelana Iwan Yusuf Bambang
Published: October 2019

Shark is one of low value fishes in Yogyakarta. In order to increase the value, shark was processed into surimi. In this research, shark was processed into surimi with different  washing time frequency (0, 2, 4, and 6 times) to investigate the gel properties of shark surimi.Gel strength of shark surimi increased as the washing time frequency increased from 0 to 6 times. The 4 and 6 washing time showed similar gel strength and sensory characteristics. Shark surimi with 6 washing time and pre-incubation at 40oC followed by cooking at 90oC produced the highest gel strength.