bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio‐Inspired Binder Design for a Robust Conductive Network in Silicon‐Based Anodes
Authors: Song Zhibo , Zhang Taohang , Wang Lu , Zhao Yan , Li Zikun , Zhang Meng , Wang Ke , Xue Shida , Fang Jianjun , Ji Yuchen , Pan Feng , Yang Luyi
Published: March 2022

Due to the severe volume variations during electrochemical processes, Si‐based anodes suffer from poor cycling performance as the result of a collapsed conductive network. In this regard, a key strategy for fully exploiting the capacity potential of Si‐based anodes is to construct a robust conductive network through rational binder design. In this work, a bio‐inspired conductive binder (PFPQDA) is designed by introducing dopamine‐functionalized fluorene structure units (DA) into a conductivity enhanced polyfluorene‐typed copolymer (PFPQ) to enhance its mechanical properties. Through constructing hierarchical binding networks and resilient electron transportations within both nano‐sized Si and micro‐sized SiOx electrodes via interweaved interactions, the PFPQDA successfully suppresses the electrode expansion and maintains the integrity of conductive pathways. Consequently, owing to the favorable properties of PFPQDA, Si‐based anodes exhibit improved cycling performance and rate capability with an areal capacity over 2.5 mAh cm–2.
Seed‐Assisted Growth of Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Pengjiu , Chen Xu , Liu Tianyu , Hou Cheng‐Hung , Tian Yue , Xu Xuehui , Chen Zeng , Ran Peng , Jiang Tingming , Kuan Chun‐Hsiao , Yan Buyi , Yao Jizhong , Shyue Jing‐Jong , Qiu Jianbei , Yang Yang (Michael)
Published: March 2022

The traditional way to stabilize α‐phase formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite often involves considerable additions of methylammonium (MA) and bromide into the perovskite lattice, leading to an enlarged bandgap and reduced thermal stability. This work shows a seed‐assisted growth strategy to induce a bottom‐up crystallization of MA‐free perovskite, by introducing a small amount of α‐CsPbBr3/DMSO (5%) as seeds into the pristine FAPbI3 system. During the initial crystalization period, the typical hexagonal α‐FAPbI3 crystals (containing α‐CsPbBr3 seeds) are directly formed even at ambient temperature, as observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. It indicates that these seeds can promote the formation and stabilization of α‐FAPbI3 below the thermodynamic phase‐transition temperature. After annealing not beyond 100 °C, CsPbBr3 seeds homogeneously diffused into the entire perovskite layer via an ions exchange process. This work demonstrates an efficiency of 22% with hysteresis‐free inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), one of the highest performances for MA‐free inverted PSCs. Despite absented passivation processes, open‐circuit voltage is improved by 100 millivolts compared to the control devices with the same stoichiometry, and long‐term operational stability retained 92% under continuous full sun illumination. Going MA‐free and low‐temperature processes are a new insight for compatibility with tandems or flexible PSCs.
Non‐Fused Polymerized Small Molecular Acceptors for Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Baoqi , Zhang Yue , Tian Shizeng , Oh Jiyeon , Yang Mingqun , Pan Langheng , Yin Bingyan , Yang Changduk , Duan Chunhui , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: March 2022

The development of polymer acceptors is critical to promote the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Herein, two novel polymer acceptors (PBTz–TT and PFBTz–TT) derived from non‐fused small molecules, which possess synthetic simplicity, narrow optical bandgap, and high absorption coefficients, are reported for the first time. The all‐PSCs are fabricated by a layer‐by‐layer deposition technique with PBDB‐T as donor, and the device performance is improved by the synergistic effect of solvent additive and thermal annealing. As a result, the all‐PSCs offer PCEs of 10.14% and 6.85% for PFBTz‐TT and PBTz‐TT, respectively. Further morphological and electrical characterizations unveil that the higher device performance of PFBTz‐TT originates from more efficient exciton separation and charge transport as a result of more ordered polymer packing in solid state. Herein, it is demonstrated that polymerizing non‐fused small molecular acceptors is an effective strategy to develop polymer acceptors for high‐performance all‐PSCs.
Residential Battery Storage System Sizing for the Medically Vulnerable from the Life Continuity Planning Perspective: Toward Economic Operation Using Uncertain Photovoltaic Output
Authors: Iwata Fujio , Fujimoto Yu , Hayashi Yasuhiro
Published: March 2022

Business continuity planning (BCP), which achieves a sustainable power supply for essential appliances under large‐scale disasters, is an important concept for hospitals. Similarly, life continuity planning (LCP) was developed in the housing field. It assists medically vulnerable people who require continuous use of medical equipment in their homes because a failure of the LCP during power outages causes serious problems. If PV systems are used, storage batteries would be most fitting to economically implement LCP during normal situations. This can be achieved by effectively utilizing PV power generation. Here, the installation of an appropriate battery capacity is crucial. Considering the uncertainty of PV power generation owing to weather conditions, appropriate sizing of the battery capacity maximizes the expected economic benefits while leaving a margin LCP implementation. We discuss uncertainty of PV power generation at a residential site by applying the envelope‐bound model (EBM), which is popular in information gap decision theory, and proposed a sizing method for a battery storage system that economically achieves LCP. We performed a case study to prove that the proposed method, which considers the uncertainty in the expected PV output based on EBM, can be an efficient decision‐making tool to select an appropriate battery size. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Ecological relationships among habitat type, food nutrients, parasites and hormones in wild boar Sus scrofa during winter
Authors: Liu Dongqi , Li Zhaoyue , Hou Zhijun , Bao Heng , Luan Xue , Zhang Ping , Liang Xin , Gong Shuang , Tian Yumiao , Zhang Da , She Wen , Yang Feifei , Chen Shiyu , Roberts Nathan James , Jiang Guangshun
Published: March 2022

Habitat quality and parasite assembly influence wildlife health, and they are key indicators of health and survivability of wildlife populations. To investigate the potential ecological relationships among habitat type, food nutrients, parasites and hormones in wild boar Sus scrofa, we collected samples of wild boar feces and available plants in their habitat by line transects during winter. Along transects, we identified the composition of plants foraged by wild boar and measured the content of nutrients in available plants to estimate nutrient intake. We also quantified parasites and hormones in wild boar fecal samples. We compared food nutrients among different forest types and explored possible relationships among estimated nutrient intake, parasites and hormones. We found coniferous forest had positive effects on estimated fat intake and negative effects on estimated protein and fiber intake by wild boar. Furthermore, we revealed that estimated fat intake was negatively correlated with Metastrongylus elongatus parasites and positively correlated with triiodothyronine (T3). In contrast, estimated protein intake was positively correlated with M. elongatus and negatively correlated with T3. Finally, we found negative relationships between T3 concentrations and loads of Ascaris suum parasites and between cortisol (COR) and loads of Trichuris suis parasites. These insights on ecological relationships help identify potential dietary parameters in winter that could help predict and manage parasite and hormone responses for wild boar population recovery.
Janus and RG-flow interfaces in three-dimensional gauged supergravity
Authors: Chen Kevin , Gutperle Michael , Hultgreen-Mena Charlie
Published: March 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we construct Janus-type solutions of three-dimensional gauged supergravity with sixteen supersymmetries. We find solutions which correspond to interfaces between the same CFT on both sides, as well as RG-flow interfaces between CFTs with different numbers of supersymmetries and central charges. The solutions are obtained by solving the flow equations derived from the supersymmetry variations, and they preserve some fraction of the supersymmetries of the AdS3 vacua.
Normality of Closures of Orthogonal Nilpotent Symmetric Orbits
Authors: Trevisiol M.
Published: March 2022

We study closures of conjugacy classes in the symmetric matrices of the orthogonal group and we determine which one are normal varieties. In contrast to the result for the symplectic group where all classes have normal closure, there is only a relatively small portion of classes with normal closure. We perform a combinatorial computation on top of the same methods used by Kraft-Procesi and Ohta.
Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Pediatric Surgical Volume in Four Low‐ and Middle‐Income Country Hospitals: Insights from an Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Park Paul , Laverde Ruth , Klazura Greg , Yap Ava , Bvulani Bruce , Ki Bertille , Tapsoba Toussaint W. , Ameh Emmanuel A. , Osazuwa Maryrose , Ugazzi Michele , Daza José , Bryce Emma , Cunningham David , Ozgediz Doruk
Published: March 2022

Background

The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on surgical care delivery in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) has been challenging to assess due to a lack of data. This study examines the impact of COVID‐19 on pediatric surgical volumes at four LMIC hospitals.

Methods

Retrospective and prospective pediatric surgical data collected at hospitals in Burkina Faso, Ecuador, Nigeria, and Zambia were reviewed from January 2019 to April 2021. Changes in surgical volume were assessed using interrupted time series analysis.

Results

6078 total operations were assessed. Before the pandemic, overall surgical volume increased by 21 cases/month (95% CI 14 to 28, p < 0.001). From March to April 2020, the total surgical volume dropped by 32%, or 110 cases (95% CI − 196 to − 24, p = 0.014). Patients during the pandemic were younger (2.7 vs. 3.3 years, p < 0.001) and healthier (ASA I 69% vs. 66%, p = 0.003). Additionally, they experienced lower rates of post‐operative sepsis (0.3% vs 1.5%, p < 0.001), surgical site infections (1.3% vs 5.8%, p < 0.001), and mortality (1.6% vs 3.1%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, children's surgery in LMIC saw a sharp decline in total surgical volume by a third in the month following March 2020, followed by a slow recovery afterward. Patients were healthier with better post‐operative outcomes during the pandemic, implying a widening disparity gap in surgical access and exacerbating challenges in addressing the large unmet burden of pediatric surgical disease in LMICs with a need for immediate mitigation strategies.
Privatsphärefreundliches maschinelles Lernen
Authors: Stock Joshua , Petersen Tom , Behrendt Christian-Alexander , Federrath Hannes , Kreutzburg Thea
Published: March 2022

Verfahren des maschinellen Lernens (ML) beruhen auf dem Prinzip, dass ein Algorithmus Muster und statistische Zusammenhänge in Datensätzen erkennt, diese in einem Modell abbildet und das Modell anschließend auf andere Datensätze anwenden kann. Neben den großen Chancen, die maschinelle Lernverfahren mit sich bringen, birgt diese Technologie allerdings auch Risiken für die Privatsphäre, die in diesem Artikel in Form von Privatsphäreangriffen beleuchtet werden.

Angriffe wie Model Inversion zielen auf oftmals sensible Informationen ab, die sich während der Trainingsphase eines ML-Algorithmus ungewollt in einem Modell etabliert haben. Wenn Trainingsdaten Personenbezug aufweisen, insbesondere wenn es sich etwa um vertrauliche medizinische Daten handelt, kann dies problematisch für Betroffene sein.

Demgegenüber stehen Techniken des privatsphärefreundlichen maschinellen Lernens wie Federated Learning, die eine Risikominimierung für ein breites Spektrum an Privatsphäreverletzungen ermöglichen. Ausgewählte Techniken aus diesem Bereich werden in diesem Artikel ausführlich dargestellt.

Dies ist der zweite Teil einer zweiteiligen Artikelserie, deren Auftakt unter dem Titel Grundlagen und Verfahren bereits in der letzten Ausgabe des Informatik Spektrums erschienen ist.
Prenatal quantification of human foetal lung and liver elasticities between 24 and 39 weeks of gestation using 2D shear wave elastography
Authors: Nallet Camille , Pazart Lionel , Cochet Claire , Vidal Chrystelle , Metz Jean-Patrick , Jacquet Emmanuelle , Gorincour Guillaume , Mottet Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To quantify and model normal foetal lung and liver elasticities between 24 and 39 weeks of gestation (WG) using two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE). To assess the impact of the distance between the probe and the target organ on the estimation of elasticity values.

Methods

Measurements of normal foetal lungs and liver elasticity were prospectively repeated monthly between 24 and 39 WG in 72 foetuses using 2D-SWE. Elasticity was quantified in the proximal lung and in the region inside the hepatic portal sinus. The distance between the probe and the target organ was recorded. Trajectories representing foetal lung and liver maturation from at least 3 measurements over time were modelled.

Results

The average elasticity for the lung and liver was significantly different from 24 WG to 36 WG (p < 0.01). Liver elasticity increased during gestation (3.86 kPa at 24 WG versus 4.45 kPa at 39 WG). From 24 WG to 32 WG, lung elasticity gradually increased (4.12kPa at 24 WG, 4.91kPa at 28 WG, 5.03kPa at 32 WG, p < 0.002). After 32 WG, lung elasticity decreased to 4.54kPa at 36 WG and 3.94kPa at 39 WG. The dispersion of the average elasticity values was greater for the lung than for the liver (p < 0.0001). Variation in the elasticity values was less important for the liver than for the lung. The values were considered valid and repeatable except for a probe-lung distance above 8cm.

Conclusion

Foetal lung and liver elasticities evolve differently through gestation. This could reflect the tissue maturation of both organs during gestation.

Trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03834805

Key Points

• Prenatal quantification of foetal lung elasticity using 2D shear wave elastography could be a new prenatal parameter for exploring foetal lung maturity.

• Liver elasticity increased progressively from 24 weeks of gestation (WG) to 39 WG, while lung elasticity increased first between 24 and 32 WG and then decreased after 32 WG.

• The values of elasticity are considered valid and repeatable except for a probe-lung distance above 8cm.
Spinal cord compression in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Pantel Tobias , Lindschau Mona , Luebke Andreas M. , Kunkel Philip , Dreimann Marc , Muschol Nicole , Eicker Sven O.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Spinal abnormalities frequently occur in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) types I, II, IV, and VI. The symptoms are manifold, which sometimes prolongs the diagnostic process and delays therapy. Spinal stenosis (SS) with spinal cord compression due to bone malformations and an accumulation of storage material in soft tissue are serious complications of MPS disease. Data on optimal perioperative therapeutic care of SS is limited.

Methods

A retrospective chart analysis of patients with MPS and SS for the time period 01/1998 to 03/2021 was performed. Demographics, clinical data, neurological status, diagnostic evaluations (radiography, MRI, electrophysiology), and treatment modalities were documented. The extent of the SS and spinal canal diameter were analyzed. A Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors for neurological outcomes.

Results

Out of 209 MPS patients, 15 were included in this study. The most dominant type of MPS was I (–H) (n = 7; 46.7%). Preoperative neurological deterioration was the most frequent indication for further diagnostics (n = 12; 80%). The surgical procedure of choice was dorsal instrumentation with microsurgical decompression (n = 14; 93.3%). A univariate Cox regression analysis showed MPS type I (–H) to be associated with favorable neurological outcomes.

Conclusion

Early detection of spinal stenosis is highly relevant in patients with MPS. Detailed neurological assessment during follow-up is crucial for timeous detection of patients at risk. The surgical intervention of choice is dorsal instrumentation with microsurgical decompression and resection of thickened intraspinal tissue. Patients with MPS type I (–H) demonstrated the best neurological course.
„B-Probleme“ des nichttraumatologischen Schockraummanagements
Authors: Kumle Bernhard , Michael Mark , Wermke Andreas , Schmitz Christoph , Hammer Niels , Kümpers Philipp , Pin Martin , Bernhard Michael
Published: March 2022

Beim Primary Survey des nichttraumatologischen Schockraummanagements kritisch kranker Patienten dient das ABCDE-Schema zur sofortigen Erkennung und Therapie vitaler Gefährdungen. „B-Probleme“ gehen mit einer Störung der Atmung einher und bedürfen einer sofortigen Behandlung. Die Pathogenese von „B-Problemen“ ist gerade im nichttraumatologischen Schockraum vielfältig. Klinische Untersuchung, Notfallsonographie und Kenntnisse in den Oxygenierungstechniken und der Beatmung stellen hier wichtige Bestandteile der Diagnostik und Therapie dar. Hierzu sind ein standardisiertes Vorgehen und regelmäßiges Training in der Notaufnahme von elementarer Bedeutung.
Improving plant-based genotoxicity bioassay through AFLP technique for trace metal-contaminated water: insights from Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. and Cd
Authors: Coppi Andrea , Colzi Ilaria , Lastrucci Lorenzo , Castellani Maria Beatrice , Gonnelli Cristina
Published: March 2022

In this work, we evaluated whether the species Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. can be a promising material for devising reliable eco-toxicological tests for Cd-contaminated waters. Plants of M. aquaticum were exposed to Cd, using different concentrations (1 mg L−1, 2.5 mg L−1, 5 mg L−1, and 10 mg L−1; experiment 1) and exposure times (2.5 mg L−1 for 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days; experiment 2). Plant growth and Cd accumulation were monitored during the treatment period, and Cd genotoxicity was assessed by analyzing Cd-induced changes in the AFLP fingerprinting profiles using famEcoRI(TAC)/MseI(ATG) and hexEcoRI(ACG)/MseI(ATG) pairs of primers. Root and shoot growth was reduced already at the lowest Cd concentration used (about 20% reduction for roots and 60% for shoots at 1 mg L−1; experiment 1) and after 7 days (about 50% reduction for roots and 70% for shoots; experiment 2). The primer combinations produced 154 and 191 polymorphic loci for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Mean genetic diversity (He) reduction among the treatment groups was observed starting from 2.5 mg L−1 (He 0.211 treated vs 0.236 control; experiment 1) and after 3 days (He 0.169 treated vs 0.261 control; experiment 2), indicating that results obtained from AFLP profiles did not match with plant growth measurements. Therefore, our results showed that M. aquaticum proved to be a suitable model system for the investigation of Cd genotoxicity through AFLP fingerprinting profile, whereas the more classic eco-toxicological tests based only on biometric parameters could not correctly estimate the risk associated with undetected Cd genotoxicity.
Media multitasking, advertising appeal, and gender effects
Authors: Garaus Marion , Wolfsteiner Elisabeth
Published: March 2022

Despite the knowledge that women engage more frequently in multitasking than men when using media devices, no study has explored how multitasking impacts the brand attitude of this target audience. The investigation of gender effects in the context of media multitasking would not only provide a better understanding of the individual elements which influence brand attitude in media multitasking situations but would also guide marketers in their targeting strategies. Likewise, the investigation of the role of advertising appeals follows the current call to concentrate on the role of advertising in media multitasking situations. To address these research gaps, the current research conducted two experimental studies to offer a new perspective on the impact of gender differences in processing styles (heuristic vs systematic processing) and their interaction with different advertising appeals (rational vs emotional appeals) on brand attitude in media single and multitasking. Study 1 employs an online experiment (gender × viewing situation × advertising appeal). Results demonstrate that media multitasking negatively affects brand attitude, and that women have a lower brand attitude in a media multitasking situation compared to a single tasking situation, while emotional advertisements neither strengthen nor attenuate the negative impact of media multitasking on brand attitude. Study 2 employs a more controlled online experiment (gender × viewing situation × advertising appeal) with a different product category. The results reveal a moderating effect on the influence of media multitasking on brand attitude, as mediated through attention toward the ad. Hence, attention toward the ad has been identified as underlying mechanism.
Perception of climate change effects on water resources: Iraqi undergraduates as a case study
Authors: Al-Maliki Laheab A. , Al-Mamoori Sohaib K. , Jasim Ihsan A. , El-Tawel Khaled , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Comair Fadi G.
Published: March 2022

Developing countries suffer from the effects of climate change on water resources more than other countries. This paper aims to specify the undergraduates’ knowledge about climate change effects on water resources. This study was conducted through a questionnaire distributed using Google form in May 2021. Descriptive analysis was used to display the level of awareness, and then the correlation between the respondents’ gender, stage, and scientific specialization were analyzed. The results showed that the general knowledge for all questionaries ranged between 40 and 50 %. Moreover, a weak positive correlation with the highest Spearman’s rho of 0.15 was shown for the students’ gender with their understanding of climate change main cause by 0.06 for the academic stage versus knowledge of climate change causes. Moreover, the results indicated a weak role for university education in exchange for a prominent role for television and social media in raising awareness. The research recommends integrating the Environmental Education (EE) programs into the Iraqi educational systems as it proposes a systematic educational method through which climate change and other environmental problems may be addressed holistically at all educational levels.
Shored curfews: Constructions of pandemic islandness in contemporary Sri Lanka
Authors: Godamunne Vichitra , Abdeen Azhar Jainul , Zoysa Rapti Siriwardane-de
Published: March 2022

This paper explores COVID-19 pandemic biopolitics in Sri Lanka through tropes of “islanding” and segregation by discussing how notions of island isolation, insularity, and geo-spatial boundedness have been transformed from their colonial origins to our post-colonial present, and in the wake of wartime governance. We engage with interlocking notions of the “pandemic island” and the “islanding” of a zoonotic virus with which to broaden relational thinking on local pandemic realities. We argue that the pandemic has tacitly shaped imaginaries of oceanic “islandness” in contemporary times by focusing on five interrelated island(ed) tropes in the humanities and interpretive social sciences against the context of the pandemic. These include the carceral (fortressed) island, the utopic island, the “urban” island, the illicit island, and the mythologised (cursed) island. This paper further contributes toward an understanding of contemporary islands and island imaginaries, an understudied dimension of pandemic-related land-sea sociality.
Extracting multiple layers of social networks through a 7-month survey using a wearable device: a case study from a farming community in Japan
Authors: Komori Masashi , Takemura Kosuke , Minoura Yukihisa , Uchida Atsuhiko , Iida Rino , Seike Aya , Uchida Yukiko
Published: March 2022

As individuals are susceptible to social influences from those to whom they are connected, structures of social networks have been an important research subject in social sciences. However, quantifying these structures in real life has been comparatively more difficult. One reason is data collection methods—how to assess elusive social contacts (e.g., unintended brief contacts in a coffee room); however, recent studies have overcome this difficulty using wearable devices. Another reason relates to the multi-layered nature of social relations—individuals are often embedded in multiple networks that are overlapping and complicatedly interwoven. A novel method to disentangle such complexity is needed. Here, we propose a new method to detect multiple latent subnetworks behind interpersonal contacts. We collected data of proximities among residents in a Japanese farming community for 7 months using wearable devices which detect other devices nearby via Bluetooth communication. We performed non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) on the proximity log sequences and extracted five latent subnetworks. One of the subnetworks represented social relations regarding farming activities, and another subnetwork captured the patterns of social contacts taking place in a community hall, which played the role of a “hub” of diverse residents within the community. We also found that the eigenvector centrality score in the farming-related network was positively associated with self-reported pro-community attitude, while the centrality score regarding the community hall was associated with increased self-reported health.
Direct adaptive neural network-based sliding mode control of a high-speed, ultratall building elevator using genetic algorithm
Authors: Mangera Muhammed , Pedro Jimoh O. , Panday Aarti
Published: March 2022

A direct adaptive sliding mode controller (SMC) based on radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) approximation is proposed for a high-speed, ultratall building elevator system using genetic algorithm (GA) to optimise the control parameters. The nonlinear dynamic model of the elevator system is described, with the RBFNN used to approximate the elevator system functions and external disturbance uncertainties. The RBFNN parameters are optimised using GA. The RBFNN-SMC was compared with a traditional sliding mode controller, nonlinear pseudo-derivative feedback (NPDF) controller and a nonlinear proportional-integral-derivative controller. The Lyapunov stability theorem is applied to develop the adaptive law, thereby guaranteeing the system stability. Performance of the proposed RBFNN-SMC has been evaluated using numerical simulations. The RBFNN-SMC achieved effective control of the elevator system. Although the RBFNN-SMC system achieved comparable pre-re-levelling control to its competitors, problematic chattering was observed due to sensor noise, suggesting that the system must be coupled with a noise-attenuating filter to avoid actuator damage. Following arrival of the cabins, an adaptive re-levelling operation was applied to reduce the distance between the cabins and the arrival floor. Although both SMC variants accomplished successful re-levelling, the NPDF-based controller achieved the best performance—adjusting the final cabin position to within 1 mm of the target floor in both considered displacement overshoot cases.
Tacit knowledge elicitation process for industry 4.0
Authors: Fenoglio Enzo , Kazim Emre , Latapie Hugo , Koshiyama Adriano
Published: March 2022

Manufacturers migrate their processes to Industry 4.0, which includes new technologies for improving productivity and efficiency of operations. One of the issues is capturing, recreating, and documenting the tacit knowledge of the aging workers. However, there are no systematic procedures to incorporate this knowledge into Enterprise Resource Planning systems and maintain a competitive advantage. This paper describes a solution proposal for a tacit knowledge elicitation process for capturing operational best practices of experienced workers in industrial domains based on a mix of algorithmic techniques and a cooperative game. We use domain ontologies for Industry 4.0 and reasoning techniques to discover and integrate new facts from textual sources into an Operational Knowledge Graph. We describe a concepts formation iterative process in a role game played by human and virtual agents through socialization and externalization for knowledge graph refinement. Ethical and societal concerns are discussed as well.
Build rapport and collect data: A teaching resource on the clinical interviewing intake
Authors: Pashak Travis J. , Heron Michael R.
Published: March 2022

This paper is an overview of the intake process for mental health helping professions. We intend for this piece to serve as a teaching resource, useful as an intake primer for novice clinicians in psychology, social work, counseling, or psychiatry, but perhaps also as a helpful review for experienced clinicians as well. We define and describe the clinical interviewing intake, discuss its history, and conceptualize it as an endeavor toward building rapport and collecting data. Specific topics we explore include: adopting an appropriate clinical attitude, engaging in cultural humility, considering practical factors about conducting the intake, viewing interviewing as an art, evaluating tools of data collection, discussing psychometric considerations in intakes (e.g., reliability, validity, standardization, and sources of data), and identifying topics to assess in-session and how to explore them. The paper closes with some summary thoughts and overall advice to those soon to embark on their first clinical interviewing intake.
Changing Our Ways
Authors: Newell Peter , Daley Freddie , Twena Michelle
Published: March 2022

In this Element, the authors develop an account of the role of behaviour change that is more political and social by bringing questions of power and social justice to the heart of their enquiry in order to appreciate how questions of responsibility and agency are unevenly distributed within and between societies. The result is a more holistic understanding of behaviour, as just one node within an ecosystem of transformation that bridges the individual and systemic. Their account is more attentive to questions of governance and the processes of collective steering necessary to facilitate large scale change across a diversity of actors, sectors and regions than the dominant emphasis on individuals and households. It is also more historical in its approach, looking critically at the relevance of historical parallels regarding large-scale behaviour change and what might be learned and applied to the contemporary context action.
Legacies of Repression in Egypt and Tunisia
Authors: Torres-Van Antwerp Alanna C.
Published: March 2022

When an authoritarian regime collapses, what determines whether an opposition group will form a political party, be successful in mobilizing voters, and survive or dissolve as a group in subsequent years? Based on unique field research, Alanna C. Torres-Van Antwerp examines the origins of the dramatic political arc of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood - from winning a plurality of parliamentary seats and the presidency in the first free elections in eighty years to being ousted from office eighteen months later through a popular coup - and finds common causal factors that structured the fates of other formerly repressed opposition groups in five comparative cases. She demonstrates how the processes of party formation, electoral mobilization, and party dissolution after the ousting of an authoritarian regime were shaped by the way that regime structured the resources, incentives, and constraints available to opposition groups in the previous era.
Papal Jurisprudence, 385–1234
Authors: d'Avray D. L.
Published: March 2022

Why did bishops turn to the papacy for advice in late Antiquity? And what does the reception of these decretals reveal about the legal and religious culture of the mid-thirteenth century? This interpretative volume seeks to explain the first decretal age of late antiquity, placing the increased demand for papal jurisprudence – long before it exerted its influence through religious fear – within its social broad context. D. L. d'Avray then traces the reception of this jurisprudence through to the mid-thirteenth century, and the post-Gratian decretal age. Along the way he explores the role of Charlemagne and 'Pseudo-Isidore', which included many genuine early decretals alongside forged ones. Similarities between the Latin world c. 400 and c. 1200 thus help explain parallels between the two decretal ages. This book also analyses decretals from both ages in chapters on pagan marriages, clerics in minor orders, and episcopal elections. For both ages the relation between canon law and other religious genres is elucidated, demonstrating many fascinating parallels and connections.
Data Visualization for Social and Policy Research
Authors: Magallanes Reyes Jose Manuel
Published: March 2022

All social and policy researchers need to synthesize data into a visual representation. Producing good visualizations combines creativity and technique. This book teaches the techniques and basics to produce a variety of visualizations, allowing readers to communicate data and analyses in a creative and effective way. Visuals for tables, time series, maps, text, and networks are carefully explained and organized, showing how to choose the right plot for the type of data being analysed and displayed. Examples are drawn from public policy, public safety, education, political tweets, and public health. The presentation proceeds step by step, starting from the basics, in the programming languages R and Python so that readers learn the coding skills while simultaneously becoming familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of each visualization. No prior knowledge of either Python or R is required. Code for all the visualizations are available from the book's website.
Matrix Analysis and Entrywise Positivity Preservers
Authors: Khare Apoorva
Published: March 2022

Matrices and kernels with positivity structures, and the question of entrywise functions preserving them, have been studied throughout the 20th century, attracting recent interest in connection to high-dimensional covariance estimation. This is the first book to systematically develop the theoretical foundations of the entrywise calculus, focusing on entrywise operations - or transforms - of matrices and kernels with additional structure, which preserve positive semidefiniteness. Designed as an introduction for students, it presents an in-depth and comprehensive view of the subject, from early results to recent progress. Topics include: structural results about, and classifying the preservers of positive semidefiniteness and other Loewner properties (monotonicity, convexity, super-additivity); historical connections to metric geometry; classical connections to moment problems; and recent connections to combinatorics and Schur polynomials. Based on the author's course, the book is structured for use as lecture notes, including exercises for students, yet can also function as a comprehensive reference text for experts.
The Role of Philosophers in Climate Change
Authors: CHISLENKO EUGENE
Published: March 2022

Some conceptions of the role of philosophers in climate change focus mainly on theoretical progress in philosophy, or on philosophers as individual citizens. Against these views, I defend askill view: philosophers should use our characteristic skills as philosophers to combat climate change by integrating it into our teaching, research, service, and community engagement. A focus on theoretical progress, citizenship, expertise, virtue, ability, social role, or power, rather than on skill, can allow for some of these contributions. But the skill view, I argue, uniquely captures the breadth of philosophers’ role in climate change; promises to make us more effective in practice; and offers a compelling way to overcome our own lingering climate denial by integrating climate change into all aspects of philosophical activity.
Optimal entry and consumption under habit formation
Authors: Yang Yue , Yu Xiang
Published: March 2022

This paper studies a composite problem involving decision-making about the optimal entry time and dynamic consumption afterwards. In Stage 1, the investor has access to full market information subject to some information costs and needs to choose an optimal stopping time to initiate Stage 2; in Stage 2, the investor terminates the costly full information acquisition and starts dynamic investment and consumption under partial observation of free public stock prices. Habit formation preferences are employed, in which past consumption affects the investor’s current decisions. Using the stochastic Perron method, the value function of the composite problem is proved to be the unique viscosity solution of some variational inequalities.
Instrumental Love: Political Marriage and Family Firm Growth
Authors: Lu Feifei , Huang Xu , Xu Erica , Chung Chi-Nien , He Xiaogang
Published: March 2022

Political marriage is an under-investigated form of social capital for family firms. In this study, we examine the relationship between political marriage and the growth of family firms. We analyze this relationship using survey data from parent–child dyads of 164 family firms in mainland China, along with qualitative data from eight semi-structured interviews. Drawing on social capital theory and self-verification theory, we propose that political marriage makes a significant contribution to the growth of family firms. We further propose that the effects of a political marriage on firm growth are moderated by the duration of the marriage and the degree of romantic love experienced by the couples. We find that the positive relationship between political marriage and firm growth is stronger when the duration of the marriage is longer. Our results also reveal a three-way interaction effect of political marriage, length of marriage, and romantic love on firm growth. In this interaction, the positive effect of political marriage is strongest when the marriage is long and the degree of romantic love is low (rather than high). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The Moral Failings of Vaccine Procurement
Authors: Guerra Enzo
Published: March 2022

In November 2020, the world received the good news that some vaccine candidates were highly effective at preventing COVID-19. Yet, the demand for COVID-19 vaccines within the global free market has led wealthy nations to procure most of the vaccine supply, leaving low- and middle-income countries in dire circumstances. This article considers the morality of our global procurement strategies and argues that, although what we are witnessing may be adhering to the parameters set out in global business and global politics, it nonetheless has moral deficiencies.
Epistemic Permissiveness and the Problem of Philosophical Disagreement
Authors: Walker Mark
Published: March 2022

Epistemic uniqueness is the view that there is at most one rational doxastic response to a given batch of evidence E, while epistemic permissiveness is the denial of epistemic uniqueness. As several authors have noted, one of the attractions of epistemic permissiveness is that it allows us to believe that more than one doxastic response may be rationally faultless, and so permits us to respect the epistemic credentials of all parties to a dispute. I argue that permissiveness is unable to deliver on this claimed benefit in many philosophical disputes.
Women's Transnational Activism against Portugal's Colonial Wars
Authors: Strippoli Giulia
Published: March 2022

This article recovers the history of the transnational women's movement that arose during Portugal's colonial wars (1961–1974). This movement connected women in Portugal and its colonies and operated independently of the PCP, MPLA, PAIGC, and FRELIMO. Most research on women's activism in Portugal, Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Cabo Verde, and Mozambique begins with their relationships to the male-dominated organizations that operated within national frameworks. In contrast, by examining the international connections of these women's groups, this article illuminates their political activities outside national organizations led by men. It shows that women created transnational solidarity networks struggling against the Portuguese Estado Novo and the colonial wars and, in doing so, promoted their own emancipation.
FIEs and the Transmission of Global Financial Uncertainty: Evidence from China
Authors: Wu Shujie , Ye Haichun
Published: March 2022

This article provides micro-level evidence for the role of foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) in the cross-border transmission of global financial uncertainty shocks. Using Chinese firm-level data, we find that rising uncertainty has a significantly larger contractionary effect on real investment for FIEs than their local counterparts. This effect is more pronounced for firms faced with greater investment irreversibility or financial constraints. The contractionary effect is mainly driven by downside uncertainty, whereas upside uncertainty is modestly expansionary. Similar effects are found for other firm-level performances. There is also a spillover effect to local private firms with FIEs concentrated in downstream sectors.
Adult criminal outcomes of juvenile justice involvement
Authors: Copeland William E. , Tong Guangyu , Gifford Elizabeth J. , Easter Michele M. , Shanahan Lilly , Swartz Marvin S. , Swanson Jeffrey W.
Published: March 2022

Background

The juvenile justice system in the USA adjudicates over seven hundred thousand youth in the USA annually with significant behavioral offenses. This study aimed to test the effect of juvenile justice involvement on adult criminal outcomes.

Methods

Analyses were based on a prospective, population-based study of 1420 children followed up to eight times during childhood (ages 9–16; 6674 observations) about juvenile justice involvement in the late 1990 and early 2000s. Participants were followed up years later to assess adult criminality, using self-report and official records. A propensity score (i.e. inverse probability) weighting approach was used that approximated an experimental design by balancing potentially confounding characteristics between children with v. without juvenile justice involvement.

Results

Between-groups differences on variables that elicit a juvenile justice referral (e.g. violence, property offenses, status offenses, and substance misuse) were attenuated after applying propensity-based inverse probability weights. Participants with a history of juvenile justice involvement were more likely to have later official and violent felony charges, and to self-report police contact and spending time in jail (ORs from 2.5 to 3.3). Residential juvenile justice involvement was associated with the highest risk of both, later official criminal records and self-reported criminality (ORs from 5.1 to 14.5). Sensitivity analyses suggest that our findings are likely robust to potential unobserved confounders.

Conclusions

Juvenile justice involvement was associated with increased risk of adult criminality, with residential services associated with highest risk. Juvenile justice involvement may catalyze rather than deter from adult offending.
A novel method of shuttlecock trajectory tracking and prediction for a badminton robot
Authors: Zhi Junming , Luo Deyuan , Li Kui , Liu Ya , Liu Huaqiu
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes an aerodynamic analysis of the shuttlecock and a novel method for predicting shuttlecock trajectory. First, we have established a shuttlecock track data set by an infrared-based binocular vision system. Then the unscented Kalman filter algorithm is designed to further filter the noise and visual recognition algorithm errors. Third, the radial basis function (RBF)-based track prediction model is designed. This method offers a concept to obtain the neural network model of different kinds of flying or moving objects. The experimental results show that the proposed method can predict the shuttlecock trajectory in real time at high accuracy and can be used for implementing the algorithm of return strategies in the near future.
The War Is Over but the Moral Pain Continues
Authors: Wood David
Published: March 2022

Almost five million Americans volunteered to serve in the U.S. armed forces between 2001 and 2021 and returned home as discharged veterans. Among them, 30,177 men and women have taken their own lives, an awful toll that is more than five times the number of Americans killed in combat in our twenty-first century wars. As part of the roundtable, “Moral Injury, Trauma, and War,” this essay argues that the reasons are many, but one major factor may be the moral pain that many experience in wartime and the vast emptiness they often encounter when their military service ends. Our society has an obligation to the post–9/11 veterans to understand their experiences and truly welcome them back. The rising toll of veteran suicides suggests there is little time to lose.
Introduction
Authors: Kirkpatrick Jesse , Rothenberg Daniel
Published: March 2022

In August 2021, the United States withdrew from Afghanistan, ending a twenty year war—the longest in American history. The past two decades of armed conflict, fought in complex environments among civilian populations, provided daily reminders of the ethical complexities of warfare. One concept that provides a promising path for reflection on such complexities is moral injury.
Prolonged mechanical ventilation and caregiver strain: Home vs. long-term care facility
Authors: Marcus Esther-Lee , Jacobs Jeremy M. , Stessman Jochanan
Published: March 2022

Objective

The number of patients treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is steadily rising. Traditionally treated within specialized long-term care facilities (LTCFs), healthcare providers are increasingly promoting homecare as a technologically safe, humane, and cheaper alternative. Little is known concerning their informal caregivers (ICGs), despite their crucial role in facilitating care. This study examines caregiver strain among the primary ICG of PMV patients treated at home vs. LTCF.

Method

This study was an observational cross-sectional study. The study enrolled 120/123 PMV patients ≥18 years within the study region (46 treated with homecare/74 treated at the LTCF) and 106 ICGs (34 ICGs/46 homecare patients and 72 ICGs/74 LTCF patients). Caregiver assessment included the 13-item Modified Caregiver Strain Index (Mod CSI) (0–26 maximum); patient assessment included symptom burden (the revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System).

Results

The mean age of ICGs was 58.9 years old; 60.4% were females; 82.1% were married; 29.2% were patient's spouses; and 40.6% were patient's children. The total Mod CSI was 13.58 (SD 6.52) and similar between home vs. LTCF (14.30 SD 7.50 vs. 13.26 SD 6.03, p = 0.50), or communicative vs. non-communicative patients (13.50 SD 7.12 vs. 13.64 SD 6.04, p = 0.93). Hierarchical analysis identified three clusters of caregiver strain, with ICGs at home vs. LTCF reporting significantly lower mood strain, higher burden, and similar levels of lifestyle disturbance. In adjusted models, homecare was significantly associated with reduced mood strain and increased burden, while increased patient symptomatology was significantly associated with total strain, mood, and burden strain clusters.

Significance of results

Recognizing the different patterns of caregiver strain at home or LTCF is a prerequisite for addressing their palliative care needs and improving the wellbeing and resilience of informal caregivers, who often play a critical role in deciding whether to treat the PMV patient at home or LTCF.