bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Centaurus X-3 orbital ephemerides using Insight-HXMT, RXTE, Swift/BAT, and NuSTAR observations
Authors: Klawin Moritz , Doroshenko Victor , Santangelo Andrea , Ji Long , Ducci Lorenzo , Bu Qingcui , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Zhang Shu
Published: May 2023

Centaurus X-3 (Cen X-3) is the first X-ray pulsar discovered and has been studied for decades by multiple facilities, allowing for accurate measurements of the decay rate of the orbital period of the binary system. However, the most recent study of the orbital parameters of the system dates back to the RXTE era. For this study, we have complemented these measurements with the more recent high-quality Insight-HXMT and NuSTAR data obtained 20 yr later to improve constraints on the orbital period decay rate and eccentricity of the system through pulsar timing analysis. In addition, we also used long-term monitoring by Swift/BAT to independently measure orbital period evolution through eclipse timing. As a result, improved orbital ephemerides including accurate estimates of the orbital period, the period decay rate, and eccentricity of the system were obtained.
Photometric determination of the mass accretion rates of pre-main-sequence stars
Authors: Vlasblom M. , De Marchi G.
Published: May 2023

We studied the properties of the young stellar populations in the NGC 299 cluster in the Small Magellanic Cloud using observations obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope in the V, I, and Hα bands. We identified 250 stars with Hα excess exceeding 5σ and an equivalent width of the Hα emission line of at least 20 Å, which indicates that these stars are still undergoing active accretion and therefore represent bona fide pre-main-sequence (PMS) objects. For 240 of them, we derived physical stellar parameters such as the mass, age, and mass accretion rate by comparing the observed photometry with theoretical models. We find evidence that suggests the existence of two populations of PMS stars, one with a median age of around 25 Myr and the other about 50 Myr old. These ages are consistent with previously determined ages for the main population of the cluster. The average mass accretion rate for these PMS stars is ∼5 × 10−9 M⊙ yr−1, which is comparable to the values found with the same method in other low-metallicity, low-density clusters in the Magellanic Clouds, but is about a factor of three lower than those measured for stars of similar mass and age in denser Magellanic Cloud stellar regions. Our findings support the hypothesis that both the metallicity and density of the forming environment can affect the mass accretion rate and thus the star formation process in a region. A study of the spatial distribution of both massive stars and (low-mass) PMS objects reveals that the former are clustered near the nominal centre of NGC 299, whereas the PMS stars are rather uniformly distributed over the field. Although it is possible that the PMS stars formed in situ in a more diffuse manner than massive stars, it is also plausible that the PMS stars formed initially in a more compact structure together with the massive stars and were later dispersed due to two-body relaxation. To explore this possibility, we studied the cluster’s stellar density profile. We find a core radius rc ≃ 0.6 pc and a tidal radius rt ≃ 5.5 pc, with an implied concentration parameter c ≃ 1, suggesting that the cluster could be dispersing into the field.
Identification of Omeprazole Metabolites in Human Urines and Investigation of Its Pharmacokinetic Variability
Authors: Zhong Alan
Published: May 2023

Omeprazole is a commonly prescribed drug used to treat gastroesophageal reflux diseases (e.g., heartburn). Metabolism is the chemical alteration of foods or drugs by the body’s natural processes, and metabolites are the substances resulting from this metabolism. Drug metabolite identification is a means of profiling new chemical entities formed from the drug metabolism process. Although most metabolites are considered safe, some metabolites are associated with drug-induced toxicities. Legacy drugs such as omeprazole have not been thoroughly studied as many metabolites remain unknown. In this study, urine samples were used to reveal eight unknown metabolites and structures were tentatively proposed based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Metabolites are not the only concern drugs pose as different drugs have varying interactions with the body based on the patient unique characteristics. Individualized medicine is the concept that different patients should have different dosing regimens as several factors may affect a patient’s reaction to a drug, including age, organ function, and concurrent use of other medications. The pharmacokinetic parameters investigated in this study can provide evidence for the importance of individualized medicine which emphasizes that one dose does not fit all people. The different groups that were studied include: young healthy patients, elderly patients, renally impaired patients, and patients that were co-administered with other drugs. For instance, the clearance of renally-impaired patients was significantly decreased compared to other groups as they do not have complete renal function. The group on the other concurrent medication demonstrated drug-drug interactions of omeprazole with armodafinil, osilodrostat, and ritonavir.
Agglutination Reactions of Artemisinin-Type Drugs and Other Substances
Authors: Yan Bin , Han Lihong , Gao Lijun , Qin Wenbin
Published: May 2023

Artemisinin is a good antimalarial drug independently developed in China. It is highly effective and low toxic. In the process of studying the antimalarial mechanism of artemisinin drugs, we found that there was agglutination when the drugs came into contact with blood. Methods: ABO positive typing test card was used to detect the agglutination reaction of artemisinin and dihydroartemisinic with whole blood, red blood cells, hemolytic solution, hemin chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, sodium chloride, DMSO and artemether. Results: artemisinin can agglutinate with many substances, such as red blood cells, red blood cell hemolytic solution, hemin chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, sodium chloride and so on. The agglutination reaction in this paper is not related to antigen and antibody, but the result of the interaction between artemisinin drugs and various substances. Whole blood, red blood cells and hemolytic fluid contain biological macromolecular components. Hemin belongs to low molecular organic compounds, and the rest are simple inorganic compounds. Artemisinin drugs can interact with such a wide range of substances and agglutinate, indicating their strong effect. The mechanism is not clear. It is speculated that it is related to the “oxygen bridge” in artemisinin molecule, but the details of the action and how to agglutinate need to be studied. Interestingly, when artemether interacts with artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin, there is no agglutination, but there is a tendency of agglutination in the control, which is contrary to other results. This is a phenomenon, indicating that there is interaction, and its mechanism and significance need to be further studied. Artemisinin can interact with many substances.
The Application of CRISPR-Cas System in Glioblastoma Research and Treatment
Authors: Feng Jiaqi
Published: May 2023

Glioblastoma is a malignant brain cancer with high mortality. Currently, there is no effective treatment that can effectively improve the survival of patients. Traditional gene editing tools, such as Zinc finger nuclease, RNAi and translational activator-like effector nucleases (TALENTS), have shown their advantages in treating glioblastoma. However, they have the disadvantages of high cost and difficult to operate. In recent years, with the discovery and development of the CRISPR-Cas system, its easy to design, inexpensive, and high flexibility make it gradually become a widely used gene editing tool and provide a strong boost for the research of glioblastoma. This article reviews the recent literature and summarizes the application of the CRISPR Cas system in the model establishment and therapy development of glioblastoma.
Antitumor Effects and Mechanisms of Snake Venom: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hu Jianguo , Dapar Mark Lloyd G.
Published: May 2023

Snake venom, as a natural biotoxin, is widely present in nature and can act in coordination with a variety of signal regulatory proteins, playing a significant role in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis. Malignant tumors have long attracted the attention of the medical community as the leading cause of death in humans. In this paper, we focus on reviewing the progress of snake venom in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis of tumor cells in malignant tumors in order to clarify the mechanisms by which snake venom suppresses malignant tumors and to provide a reference for the study of malignant tumors.
Grading Assessment of Temperature Thresholds and Suitable Temperature Zone Division for Typical Species in Marine Ranching
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Bo , Bai Peng , Zhang Xiumei , Zhang Jie , Zeng Ailin , Guo Mengyao
Published: May 2023

The construction of Marine Ranching is a safe, efficient, and sustainable way to achieve marine environmental protection and biological resource utilization. In recent years, the construction of Marine Ranching in coastal provinces in China has developed rapidly, but due to the late start, the ability to guarantee ecological security is weak. In this paper, Pseudosciaena crocea was selected as typical aquaculture species in Marine Ranching of the East China Sea, by integrating the experimental data from former studies effect of temperature on the Specific Growth Rate of this aquaculture species was evaluated via performing quadratic regression fitting, the results reveal that the optimum temperature ranges for Pseudosciaena crocea are 25.3– 30.7°C, the preferred range is 18.9–25.3°C, the unsuitable temperature ranges were lower than 18.9°C and higher than 30.7°C. Further, based on the aquaculture specifications, commodity specifications , and aquaculture cycle, the Specific Growth Rate to be achieved by the aquaculture species is determined, and the corresponding temperature threshold and graded evaluation were obtained, finally, the suitable water temperature distribution area of the Pseudosciaena crocea was evaluated based on the hydrological data observed in the East China Sea during 2020–2021.
Response Surface Optimization of Pure Natural Fairy Tofu Production Process
Authors: He Chao , Yin Lebin , Zou Wenguang , Liu Cong , Yang Xuewei , Luo Xueyun , Dai Jianping
Published: May 2023

This experiment was centred on the concept of using pectin gel to manufacture fairy tofu in order to determine the ideal parameters for the creation of natural fairy tofu. Based on the single-factor test, The Box-Behnken central combination design approach was employed to investigate the optimal production process of fairy tofu. According to the findings, there were substantial changes (P<0.05) in the qualitative attributes of tofu at varied material-to-liquid ratios, drying temperatures (the leaves of Premna microphylla Turcz) and grinding temperatures during the production process. The optimal process parameters were: material-to-liquid ratio of 1:60 (g:g), drying temperature of 20 °C and a grinding temperature of 90 °C. The yield of fairy tofu produced under this process parameter was 46.02 g/g, which was 55.33% higher than the yield of fairy tofu produced by the unoptimized process. It indicated that the optimized process conditions for the production of pure natural fairy tofu are feasible and can produce a high-yield and high-quality of fairy tofu. This study provides a theoretical basis for the reuse of the leaves of Premna microphylla Turcz. and lays the foundation for the large-scale production of fairy tofu.
Prävalenz von psychosozialen Risikofaktoren – Wissenschaft nachgefragt
Authors: Veit Katrin
Published: May 2023

Fabio Foscolo untersuchte in seiner Bachelorarbeit die Multidimensionalität der Schmerzentstehung und die Relevanz psychosozialer Einflüsse bei Rückenschmerzen. Er empfiehlt, die Faktoren, die zur Chronifizierung beitragen, frühzeitig zu identifizieren, und setzt dabei auf Fragebögen und im Nachgang auf evidenzbasierte Schmerzedukation und progressive Trainingstherapie.
Beckenboden- und Bauchmuskeltraining in der Peripartalperiode sinnvoll
Authors: Henscher Ulla
Published: May 2023

Bewegung und Sport während und nach der Schwangerschaft sind sinnvoll. Dazu gehört auch das Training der Beckenboden- und Bauchmuskulatur. So lassen sich Risiken durch Schwangerschaft und Geburt für den Beckenboden reduzieren. Sah man früher besonders durch ein Training der Beckenbodenmuskulatur Nachteile für den Geburtsvorgang, weiß man heute, dass die Vorteile überwiegen. Dieser Artikel bietet dazu ein Update und auch zum effektiven Training des Rectus abdominis bei Rektusdiastase.
Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen im Erwachsenenalter: Empirische
Befunde zu Komorbiditäten, Differenzialdiagnosen und dem klinischen
Nutzen des AQ
Authors: Sappok Tanja , Bayer Mareike , Tarasova Daria , Kaiser Heika , Bergmann Thomas
Published: May 2023

Ziel Erfassung von Differenzialdiagnosen (DD) und Komorbiditäten
bei Erwachsenen mit Autismusverdacht, Überprüfung des Autismus
Quotient (AQ) auf seine Eignung für das Screening.

Methode Stichprobe N=106; ROC-Analyse des AQ gegen das klinische
Expertenurteil.

Ergebnisse Komorbide affektive Störungen in beiden Gruppen
(48%), DD waren Angst- (33%) und
Persönlichkeitsstörungen (22%). AQ: AUC=0,527,
Sensitivität/Spezifität von
70%/35%.

Schlussfolgerungen Erwachsene mit Autismusverdacht sind durch DD und
Komorbiditäten hoch belastet. Der AQ ist für das Screening nicht
geeignet.
Return-to-Work – Übergangsprozesse nach Behandlung in
einem psychiatrischen Akutkrankenhaus
Authors: Blank Daniela , Lang Anne , Brucks Adele , Riedl Lina , Brieger Peter , Hamann Johannes
Published: May 2023

Ziel der Studie Erwerbstätige mit einer psychischen Erkrankung
haben nach einer psychischen Krise oft massive Schwierigkeiten, ihre Arbeit
wiederaufzunehmen. Im Mittelpunkt der Studie steht die Frage, wie Menschen den
Übergang zwischen akutpsychiatrischer Klinik und Arbeitsplatz
erleben.

Methodik Der Studie liegt ein qualitatives Forschungsdesign (Grounded
Theory) zugrunde. Zehn narrative Interviews mit erkrankten Arbeitnehmern sowie
vier Gruppeninterviews mit professionellen
„Rückkehr-Begleitern“ (Return-to-Work-Experten) wurden
geführt.

Ergebnisse Die vorliegende Analyse zeigt, dass das Zusammenspiel der
beteiligten Akteure von enormer Bedeutung ist. Wesentlich ist, wie die
Beteiligten den Rückkehrprozess deuten und welche
Handlungsaufforderungen infolge dessen an die Beteiligten adressiert werden.

Schlussfolgerungen Ein arbeitsplatzbezogenes Entlassmanagement sollte
Unterstützungsangebote vorhalten, die an den Erwartungshaltungen der
Beteiligten ansetzen und einen gemeinschaftlichen Deutungsprozess
fördern bzw. in Gang setzen.
Assessing Equitable Recruitment in a Digital Health Trial for Asthma
Authors: Plombon Savanna , S. Rudin Robert , Sulca Flores Jorge , Goolkasian Gillian , Sousa Jessica , Rodriguez Jorge , Lipsitz Stuart , Foer Dinah , K. Dalal Anuj
Published: May 2023

Objective This study aimed to assess a multipronged strategy using primarily digital methods to equitably recruit asthma patients into a clinical trial of a digital health intervention.

Methods We approached eligible patients using at least one of eight recruitment strategies. We recorded approach dates and the strategy that led to completion of a web-based eligibility questionnaire that was reported during the verbal consent phone call. Study team members conducted monthly sessions using a structured guide to identify recruitment barriers and facilitators. The proportion of participants who reported being recruited by a portal or nonportal strategy was measured as our outcomes. We used Fisher's exact test to compare outcomes by equity variable, and multivariable logistic regression to control for each covariate and adjust effect size estimates. Using grounded theory, we coded and extracted themes regarding recruitment barriers and facilitators.

Results The majority (84.4%) of patients who met study inclusion criteria were patient portal enrollees. Of 6,366 eligible patients who were approached, 627 completed the eligibility questionnaire and were less frequently Hispanic, less frequently Spanish-speaking, and more frequently patient portal enrollees. Of 445 patients who consented to participate, 241 (54.2%) reported completing the eligibility questionnaire after being contacted by a patient portal message. In adjusted analysis, only race (odds ratio [OR]: 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28–0.77, p = 0.003) and college education (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39–0.91, p = 0.016) remained significant. Key recruitment barriers included technology issues (e.g., lack of email access) and facilitators included bilingual study staff, Spanish-language recruitment materials, targeted phone calls, and clinician-initiated “1-click” referrals.

Conclusion A primarily digital strategy to recruit patients into a digital health trial is unlikely to achieve equitable participation, even in a population overrepresented by patient portal enrollees. Nondigital recruitment methods that address racial and educational disparities and less active portal enrollees are necessary to ensure equity in clinical trial enrollment.
Use of the N–O Bonds in N-Mesyloxyamides and N-Mesyloxyimides To Gain Access to 5-Alkoxy-3,4-dialkyloxazol-2-ones and 3-Hetero-Substituted Succinimides: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Peters René , Pfitzer Lucca , Heitkämper Juliane , Kästner Johannes
Published: May 2023

The reactivity of N-mesyloxyamides and -imides with bases was studied based on the initial hypothesis of a possible [3,3]-rearrangement. While the intended α-sulfonyloxylation method could not be developed, the formation of valuable N-containing heterocyclic products was found. Treating N-mesyloxyamides with triethylamine gave fully substituted oxazolone products, which are masked α-amino acid derivatives. The products were identified by a computational approach, which revealed that α-lactams are first formed from an initial enolate by an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution. As strained intermediates, they readily rearrange to the oxazolone products. With a cyclic N-mesyloxyimide, elimination to a maleimide was found. This might indicate that sulfonyloxylation has taken place, but the corresponding product probably underwent elimination. Nucleophiles were then added to trap this suspected intermediate by substitution of methanesulfonate. That way, quaternary α-nitrogen- and α-oxygen-substituted succinimides could be formed, which represent a pharmacologically important class that has received much attention for its value in drug design.
Meniscal Load and Load Distribution in the Canine Stifle after Modified Tibial Tuberosity Advancement with 9 mm and 12 mm Cranialization of the Tibial Tuberosity in Different Standing Angles
Authors: Schmutterer Johannes Maximilian , Augat Peter , Greinwald Markus , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea
Published: May 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetic and kinematic changes in the stifle after a modified tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) with 9 and 12 mm cranialization of the tibial tuberosity in different standing angles.

Study Design Biomechanical ex vivo study using seven unpaired canine cadaver hindlimbs. Sham TTA surgery was performed. Motion sensors were fixed to the tibia and the femur for kinematic data acquisition. Pressure mapping sensors were placed between femur and both menisci. Thirty percent body weight was applied to the limbs with the stifle in 135 or 145 degrees of extension. Each knee was tested in 135 degrees with intact cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) and deficient CCL with 12 mm cranialization of the tibial tuberosity in 135 and 145 degrees of extension. The last two tests were repeated with 9 mm.

Results Transection of the CCL altered kinematics and kinetics. Tibial tuberosity advancement with 12 mm cranialization sufficiently restored stifle kinematics in 135 and 145 degrees but 9 mm TTA failed to do so in 135 degrees. The same effects were seen for internal rotation of the tibia. After TTA, a significant reduction in the force acting on both menisci was detected.

Conclusion Tibial tuberosity advancement could restore stifle kinematics and meniscal kinetics after transection of the CCL ex vivo in the present study. Tibial tuberosity advancement reduced the contact force ratio on both menisci significantly. No changes of peak pressure and peak pressure location occurred following TTA under any of the tested experimental settings. Increased stifle extension (145 degrees) might lead to more stability, contradictory to biomechanical theory.
Petrophysical properties of igneous rocks in continental rift basins – a case study from the Mesozoic sequence of the Browse Basin, North West Shelf of Australia
Authors: Tsutsui Kosuke , Holford Simon , Bunch Mark , King Rosalind , McClay Ken , Schofield Nick
Published: May 2023

Capturing the ubiquitous distribution and properties of igneous rocks is necessary to succeed in hydrocarbon exploration, field development and underground gas storage when dealing with magma-rich rift margins. In recent years, numerous researches have revealed detailed morphologies of intrusive and extrusive rock units embedded within sedimentary basins owing to advances in 3D seismic data. Outcrop studies have also provided deeper understandings of their occurrence and geometries. However, there has been comparatively little focus on the rock physics of igneous bodies and their relationships to seismic expression. To bridge this gap between the outcrop and the seismic information, we undertook a well-log-based petrophysical study of igneous rocks using subsurface dataset from the Browse Basin located in the Australian North West Shelf. In this contribution, we describe a classification of volcanic facies (e.g. lava flows, volcaniclastics, intrusive sills) based on well log motifs and textures apparent in borehole image data. Statistics of the petrophysical properties of each volcanic facies are also analysed in order to examine their correlation to seismic patterns. Our study implies the importance of detailed characterisation of igneous petrophysical properties of igneous rock units where concentrated within a sedimentary basin, which will help reconcile interpretations of seismic data.
Collaborative Seismic Environment Plan (CSEP) project – a long-term, consistent, consortium-based approach to environmental approvals
Authors: Molyneux Simon , Jarvis Samantha , O’Donoghue Shane , Miller Paul , Duff Tim
Published: May 2023

The Collaborative Seismic Environment Plan (CSEP) project was formed in 2018 by NERA (National Energy Resources Australia) and an industry consortium of marine seismic acquisition operators and exploration titleholders. Using a collaborative approach, the vision of the CSEP project was to streamline seismic survey environment plan preparation, submission and assessment by the regulator (National Offshore Petroleum Environmental and Safety Authority, NOPSEMA), with an emphasis on mutually agreed protocols with commercial fishers operating within the CSEP Operational Area. Stakeholder consultation undertaken during Environmental Plan (EP) preparation was identified by the consortium as a principal cause for concern and a common reason for unsuccessful EP submissions. The CSEP project has achieved the project’s vision through: A Commercial Fishing Industry Adjustment Protocol to provide a standardised, evidence-based process to assess and provide monetary adjustment to commercial fishers for loss of catch, displacement and gear loss/damage; an Operational Protocol to provide guidance regarding improved communications with commercial fishers, including the spatial and temporal repetition and advanced notifications of seismic activities; a single overarching approvals framework for seismic activities within the CSEP Operational Area; a consistent assessment of environmental receptors, potential impacts, and management controls for seismic activities; and Improved understanding of potential cumulative impacts of seismic activities across the CSEP Operational Area. The CSEP project is an example of best practice stakeholder consultation that can be applied to offshore oil and gas and renewable energy activities.
Digital advanced work packaging – a case study in construction-led delivery
Authors: Copeland Bradley
Published: May 2023

Advanced Work Packaging (AWP), a Project Management methodology, has been adopted to deliver the Viva Energy Gas Terminal Project. AWP is a recognised industry best practice, which aligns Engineering, Supply Chain Management and Construction towards an optimised execution sequence, driven by Construction and Commissioning. AWP accomplishes this through standardised project planning and effective information and data flow for the duration of the project under a unified plan. Worley has developed a unique framework and digital delivery method for AWP based on the Construction Industry Institute standard. The underlying strategy that enables AWP to succeed is defining the execution sequence early and collaboratively, as well as, committing to a unified plan between Engineering, Supply Chain, Fabrication, Construction, Completions and Start-Up. Construction-led delivery using digital AWP enables the sequencing of engineering deliverables based on Construction and Commissioning sequences, allowing the right people to work on the right issues at the right time. Through application of an AWP compliant Level III Schedule that provides visibility across Engineering, Procurement and Construction, we have been able to determine the impact of delays and mitigate to facilitate successful execution. Based on the application of AWP on projects using the Construction Industry Institute standard, significant improvements in overall project delivery outcomes have been achieved; with productivity improvements of up to 25%, improved schedule outcomes with 80% of projects either on time or ahead of schedule and Total Installed Cost savings of 3–10%.
Application of elemental chemostratigraphy to refine the stratigraphy of the Adavale Basin, Queensland
Authors: Riley David , Pearce Tim , Davidson Morven , Sirantoine Eva , Lewis Chris , Wainman Carmine
Published: May 2023

A prerequisite to understanding the evolution and resource potential of a basin is to establish a reliable stratigraphic framework that enables the correlation of rock units across multiple depocentres. Establishing a stratigraphic model for the Adavale Basin is challenging due to its structurally complexity, lack of well penetration and its lateral changes in facies. Biostratigraphy appears broad-scale, and despite providing chronostratigraphic control for the Lower Devonian Gumbardo Formation when combined with U/Pb zircon geochronology, the rest of the Devonian succession is hampered by a lack of microfossil assemblages and their poor preservation. The aim of this study is to establish an independent chemostratigraphic correlation across the Adavale Basin using whole rock inorganic geochemistry. Within this study, a total of 1489 cuttings samples from 10 study wells were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry for whole rock geochemistry, in order to establish an independent chemostratigraphic zonation scheme. Based on key elemental ratios selected to reflect changes in feldspars, clay minerals and provenance, the Devonian-aged stratigraphy is characterised into four chemostratigraphic mega-sequences that encompass the Gumbardo Formation (Mega-sequence 1); the Eastwood Formation, the Log Creek Formation and the Lissoy Sandstone (Mega-sequence 2); the Bury Limestone and the Boree Salt formations (Mega-sequence 3); and the Etonvale and the Buckabie formations (Mega-sequence 4). These mega-sequences have been further subdivided into a series of chemostratigraphic sequences that can be correlated across the study wells, establishing a regional correlation framework.
Environmental considerations around in-situ decommissioning of oil and gas pipeline infrastructure in marine environments
Authors: Saeed Anam , Parnum Bethan , Fichera Michael
Published: May 2023

The base case for decommissioning of oil and gas infrastructure under Australian laws and regulations is the full removal. However, alternative options may be considered, provided equal or better environmental, safety and well-integrity outcomes compared to complete removal can be demonstrated. In order to evaluate in-situ retention options, the composition of materials, including any contaminants, must be fully understood, along with degradation timeframes and exposure pathways to the marine environment. In this paper, we articulate measurable parameters for the evaluation of pipeline materials including their composition chemistry, material degradation products and their properties, environmental toxicity, and potential interaction of infrastructure components with seawater and ecological receptors. In the absence of measured data from the degradation of pipeline materials over time, theoretical modelling is an essential tool to evaluate the transportation, distribution, and fate of materials such as plastic particles from pipeline coatings. Most of the components present in oil and gas pipelines, when degraded, are either soluble in water or if insoluble, accumulate locally in the sediment. However, the accumulated components will be rapidly dissipated by the wave currents around the pipeline and physical movements within the sediments, which will prevent the chemicals from accumulating to concentrations that could cause toxicity.
Robust microtubule dynamics facilitate low-tension kinetochore detachment in metaphase
Authors: Parmar Sneha , Gonzalez Samuel J. , Heckel Julia M. , Mukherjee Soumya , McClellan Mark , Clarke Duncan J. , Johansson Marnie , Tank Damien , Geisness Athena , Wood David K. , Gardner Melissa K.
Published: May 2023

During mitosis, sister chromatids are stretched apart at their centromeres via their attachment to oppositely oriented kinetochore microtubules. This stretching generates inwardly directed tension across the separated sister centromeres. The cell leverages this tension signal to detect and then correct potential errors in chromosome segregation, via a mechanical tension signaling pathway that detaches improperly attached kinetochores from their microtubules. However, the sequence of events leading up to these detachment events remains unknown. In this study, we used microfluidics to sustain and observe low-tension budding yeast metaphase spindles over multiple hours, allowing us to elucidate the tension history prior to a detachment event. We found that, under conditions in which kinetochore phosphorylation weakens low-tension kinetochore-microtubule connections, the mechanical forces produced via the dynamic growth and shortening of microtubules is required to efficiently facilitate detachment events. Our findings underscore the critical role of robust kinetochore microtubule dynamics in ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis.
Long‐term stable and high responsivity visible-ultraviolet photodetector of Se-doped CdO film on Si by spin coating
Authors: Şakar Betül Ceviz , Orhan Zeynep , Yıldırım Fatma , Aydoğan Ş
Published: May 2023

Se-doped CdO thin films were prepared on p-Si substrates via spin coating. Morphological, structural and absorption measurements of CdO:Se film was performed. Then, a CdS:Se/p-Si heterojunction was produced by coating CdO:Se film on a p-Si substrate using spin coating method. From the I–V measurements, it has been seen that the device has a very good rectification feature in the dark, at room temperature. In order to investigate the performance of the device under light, a detailed analysis was performed by performing I–V measurements under ultraviolet (UV) light (365 and 395 nm, 10 mW cm−2) and different intensities of visible light (between 10 and 125 mW cm−2) as well as ambient light. It was observed that the CdO:Se/p-Si heterojunction performed well under both illumination conditions. The maximum responsivity and specific detectivity values were obtained as 0.72 and 4.47 A W−1 and 3.31 × 109 and 2.05 × 1010 Jones for visible and UV regions, respectively. It was also seen that the device exhibited very high performance and stability even after 160 days.
Remediation of contaminants from wastewater using algal nanoparticles via green chemistry approach: an organized review
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Pal Kaushik , Saini Neha , Kumar Sumit , Bansal Deepak , Mona Sharma
Published: May 2023

Bio-nanotechnology is one of the new and sound techniques that have various advantages over conventional methods of wastewater treatment. The utilization of nanomaterials like nanoparticles for wastewater treatment is emerging field of research. Both physical and chemical methods can be used for nanoparticle synthesis, but synthesis based on algae (biological method) has numerous advantages over others as it is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Top–down and bottom–up are the two approaches used for nanoparticle synthesis, generally, bio-reduction (bottom–up approach) is used to synthesize nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can be synthesized inside the cell of algae called intracellular synthesis and outside on the surface of the cell called extracellular synthesis. Temperature, pH, and reaction time are some of the factors that can influence the synthesis, size, and properties of nanoparticles. Characterization of nanoparticles is carried out with the help of the techniques like UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), x-ray diffraction, Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, etc. Algal nanoparticles are highly efficient in the remediation of contaminants like heavy metals and dyes from wastewater. In the present review, the utilization of algal nanoparticles for wastewater treatment containing contaminants like heavy metals, and dye, and various methods of synthesis of nanoparticles from algae are discussed. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities present in this field are also highlighted. As this field is in its initial stage, therefore, a lot of research gaps are present, which can only be filled by further new research.
Human lung virtual histology by multi-scale x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography
Authors: Reichmann Jakob , Verleden Stijn E , Kühnel Mark , Kamp Jan C , Werlein Christopher , Neubert Lavinia , Müller Jan-Hendrik , Bui Thanh Quynh , Ackermann Maximilian , Jonigk Danny , Salditt Tim
Published: May 2023

Objectives. As the central organ of the respiratory system, the human lung is responsible for supplying oxygen to the blood, which reaches the erythrocytes by diffusion through the alveolar walls and is then distributed throughout the body. By exploiting the difference in electron density detected by a phase shift in soft tissue, high-resolution x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (XPCT) can resolve biological structures in a sub-μm range, shedding new light on the three-dimensional structure of the lungs, physiological functions and pathological mechanisms. Approach. This work presents both synchrotron and laboratory XPCT results of postmortem tissue from autopsies and biopsies embedded with various preparation protocols such as precision-cut lung slices, cryogenically fixed lung tissue, as well as paraffin and alcohol fixed tissue. The selection of pathological abnormalities includes channel of Lambert, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue and alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins. Subsequently, quantification and visualization approaches are presented. Main results. The overall high image quality even of in-house XPCT scans for the case of FFPE biopsies can be exploited for a wide range of pulmonary pathologies and translated to dedicated and optimized instrumentation which could be operated in clinical setting. By using synchrotron radiation, contrast can be further increased to resolve sub-μm sized features down to the sub-cellular level. The results demonstrate that a wide range of preparation protocols including sample mounting in liquids can be used. Significance. With XPCT, poorly understood 3D structures can be identified in larger volume overview and subsequently studied in more detail at higher resolution. With the full 3D structure, the respective physiological functions of airways or vascular networks, and the different pathophysiologic mechanisms can be elucidated or at least underpinned with structural data. Moreover, synchrotron data can be used to validate laboratory protocols and provide ground truth for standardizing the method.
Plasma acceleration in a magnetic arch
Authors: Merino Mario , García-Lahuerta Diego , Ahedo Eduardo
Published: May 2023

When two magnetic nozzles with opposite polarity are placed side by side, a ‘magnetic arch’ (MA) is formed, which connects the field lines of each nozzle into a closed-line configuration. The plasma expansion and acceleration in this magnetic topology are relevant for clusters of electrodeless plasma thrusters, as well as novel, non-cylindrical thruster architectures. A collisionless, quasineutral, two-fluid model of the plasma expansion in a MA, is introduced. The plasma properties (density, electron temperature, electrostatic potential, ion velocity, electric currents) in the 2D planar and zero plasma-beta limit are analyzed, and the magnetic thrust density is discussed. It is shown that the ions coming out of the two nozzles meet on a shock-like structure to form a single beam that propagates beyond the closed lines of the applied magnetic field, generating magnetic thrust. A small magnetic drag contribution comes from the final part of the expansion. The plasma-induced magnetic field is then computed self-consistently for non-zero plasma-beta expansions, showing that it stretches the MA in the downstream direction and helps reduce that drag contribution. Finally, the limitations of the present model are discussed.
Cross-calibration of atomic pressure sensors and deviation from quantum diffractive collision universality for light particles
Authors: Shen Pinrui , Frieling Erik , Herperger Katherine R , Uhland Denis , Stewart Riley A , Deshmukh Avinash , Krems Roman V , Booth James L , Madison Kirk W
Published: May 2023

The room-temperature, velocity-averaged, total cross section for atom–atom and atom–molecule collisions can be approximated using a universal function depending only on the magnitude of the leading order dispersion coefficient, C
6. This feature of the total cross section together with the universal function for the energy distribution transferred by glancing angle collisions (

p

QDU6

(Booth et al 2019 New J. Phys.
21 102001)) can be used to empirically determine the total collision cross section and realize a self-calibrating, vacuum pressure standard. This was previously validated for Rb+N2 and Rb+Rb collisions. However, the post-collision energy distribution is expected to deviate from

p

QDU6

in the limit of small C
6 and small reduced mass. Here we observe this deviation experimentally by performing a direct cross-species loss rate comparison for Rb+H2 and Li+H2 collisions. We measure a velocity averaged total collision cross section ratio of

R
=
⟨

σ

tot

v

⟩

Li+H

2

:
⟨

σ

tot

v

⟩

Rb+H

2

=
0.83
(
5
)

. Based on an ab initio computation of

⟨

σ

tot

v

⟩

Li+H

2

=

3.104
×

10

−
15

m3 s−1, we deduce

⟨

σ

tot

v

⟩

Rb+H

2

=
3.6
(
2
)
×

10

−
15

m3 s−1, in agreement with a Rb+H2
ab initio value of

⟨

σ

t
o
t

v

⟩

R
b
+

H
2

=
3.574
×

10

−
15

m

3

s

−
1

. By contrast, fitting the Rb+H2 loss rate as a function of trap depth to the universal function we find

⟨

σ

tot

v

⟩

Rb+H

2

=

5.52
(
9
)
×

10

−
15

m3 s−1. This work demonstrates the utility of sensor-atom cross-calibration experiments to check the validity of theoretical computations to extend and enhance the performance of cold atom based pressure sensors.
Quantum scars in spin-
1/2
isotropic Heisenberg clusters
Authors: Zhang G , Song Z
Published: May 2023

We investigate the influence of the external fields on the statistics of energy levels and towers of eigenstates in spin-

1

/

2

isotropic Heisenberg clusters, including chain, ladder, square and triangular lattices. In the presence of uniform field in one direction, the SU(2) symmetry of the system allows that almost whole spectrum consists of a large number of towers with identical level spacing. Exact diagonalization on finite clusters shows that random transverse fields in other two directions drive the level statistics from Poisson to Wigner–Dyson distributions with different values of mean level spacing ratio, indicating the transition from integrability to non-integrability. However, for the three types of clusters, it is found that the largest tower still hold approximately even the symmetry is broken, resulting to a quantum scar. Remarkably, the non-thermalized states cover the Greenberger–Horn–Zeilinger and W states, which maintain the feature of revival while a Neel state decays fast in the dynamic processes. In addition, some dynamic schemes for experimental detection are proposed. Our finding reveals the possibility of quantum information processing that is immune to the thermalization in finite size quantum spin clusters.
Unsafe food additive sensing through octagonal-core photonic crystal fibre sensor
Authors: Maidi Abdul Mu’iz , Kalam Md Abul , Begum Feroza
Published: May 2023

To detect food additives, a simple photonic crystal fibre design based on an octagonal hole and hollow circular cladding holes in two layers has been introduced. The numerical study of the design is conducted by simulation in the COMSOL Multiphysics software with the infiltrated test analytes: saccharin, sorbitol, and butyl acetate, operating in the wavelength variation from 1.6 to 4.0 μm. The performance of the proposed sensor is determined by analysing the principal optical parameters: effective refractive index, power fraction, relative sensitivity, confinement loss, chromatic dispersion, propagation constant, V-parameter, spot size, and beam divergence. At the optimal wavelength of 2.0 μm, the sensor design depicts high relative sensitivities of 98.06% for saccharin, 97.05% for sorbitol, 95.81% for butyl acetate, and 3.82 × 10−23 dBm−1 for saccharin, 3.44 × 10−22 dBm−1 for sorbitol, and 1.81 × 10−21 dBm−1 for butyl acetate for confinement loss, which is extremely low. Hence, the proposed food additive sensor is suitable for actual sensing applications based on these obtained results.
An optimized B/Ir supermirror for Einstein Probe focusing mirrors in x-ray region of above 8 keV
Authors: Wang H D , Ma J R , Lu Jing-Bin , Liu Zhixian , Zirui Situ , Ren Zhen , Li Qingyang , Zhu Yuxuan , Yang Yanji , Chen Yong , Xu Yupeng
Published: May 2023

The Einstein Probe (EP) focusing mirrors is a main load to focus and image x-rays. A single-layer which adopts Nickel substrates and Gold reflective coatings has been used for the EP focusing mirrors and has excellent performance below 8 keV. It is a possibility to enhance the effective area of higher x-ray regions by using the multilayer design. The multilayer with single block is designed and has excellent reflectance at specific x-ray energies above 8 keV. 54 multilayers are used for all mirror shells with different incident angles. The optimized B/Ir supermirror design for focusing mirrors with short focal length shows an effective area of up to 152 cm2 in 9 keV. And, the method can be used to design supermirror for higher x-ray regions, which will achieve hard x-ray detection with short focal length focusing mirrors and small hard x-ray detection satellite.
A reduced-turbulence regime in the Large Helical Device upon injection of low-Z materials powders
Authors: Nespoli F. , Tanaka K. , Masuzaki S. , Ashikawa N. , Shoji M. , Gilson E.P. , Lunsford R. , Oishi T. , Ida K. , Yoshinuma M. , Takemura Y. , Kinoshita T. , Motojima G. , Osakabe M. , Kenmochi N. , Kawamura G. , Suzuki C. , Nagy A. , Bortolon A. , Pablant N.A. , Mollen A. , Tamura N. , Gates D.A. , Morisaki T.
Published: May 2023

Recently an improved confinement regime, characterized by reduced turbulent fluctuations has been observed in the Large Helical Device upon the injection of boron powder into the plasma (Nespoli et al 2022 Nat. Phys.
18 350–56). In this article, we report in more detail the experimental observations of increased plasma temperature and the decrease of turbulent fluctuations across the plasma cross section, on an extended database. In particular, we compare powders of different materials (B, C, BN), finding similar temperature improvement and turbulence response for the three cases. Modeling of the powder penetration into the plasma and of neoclassical electric field and fluxes support the interpretation of the experimental results. Additionally, we report evidence of the temperature improvement increasing with powder injection rates and decreasing for both increasing density and heating power. Though, plasma turbulence response varies depending on the initial conditions of the plasma, making it difficult to draw an inclusive description of the phenomenon.
About the quantum Talbot effect on the sphere
Authors: Chamizo Fernando , Santillán Osvaldo P
Published: May 2023

The Schrödinger equation on a circle with an initially localized profile of the wave function is known to give rise to revivals or replications, where the probability density of the particle is partially reproduced at rational times. As a consequence of the convolutional form of the general solution it is deduced that a piecewise constant initial wave function remains piecewise constant at rational times as well. For a sphere instead, it is known that this piecewise revival does not necessarily occur, indeed the wave function becomes singular at some specific locations at rational times. It may be desirable to study the same problem, but with an initial condition being a localized Dirac delta instead of a piecewise constant function, and this is the purpose of the present work. By use of certain summation formulas for the Legendre polynomials together with properties of Gaussian sums, it is found that revivals on the sphere occur at rational times for some specific locations, and the structure of singularities of the resulting wave function is characterized in detail. In addition, a partial study of the regions where the density vanishes, named before valley of shadows in the context of the circle, is initiated here. It is suggested that, differently from the circle case, these regions are not lines but instead some specific set of points along the sphere. A conjecture about the precise form of this set is stated and the intuition behind it is clarified.