bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudos de séries econômicas utilizando análise de intervenção
Authors: Camargo Maria Emilia , Sortica Gilda B. , Moraes Anaelena Bragança de
Published: September 2018

In this paper, the methodology of Box-Jenkins is presented and an intervention model is developed to analyse the behavior of economic growth and the inflationary process during the period of January. 1965 to December 1982, utilizing the growth rates of Gross Internal Product and the monthly percentáge increase of price levels. The analysis shows the periods of acceleration and deceleration of economic growth and of inflation.
Anatomia da madeira de Mimosa cruenta Benth. (Leguminosae Mimosoideae)
Authors: Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: September 2018

The general, macroscopic and microscopic anatomical characteristics of the secondary xylem of Mimosa cruenta Benth. are described. Quantitative and stereological data, as well as photomicrographs of the wood, are also furnished. The anatomical structure is analysed based on Wood Taxonomy, characteristics that permit the inclusion of the species in the Stipellares Benth. Series of the Mimosa L. genus being recognized.
Anatomia descritiva das madeiras do gênero Prosopia L., nativas do estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: September 2018

This paper presents the wood anatomy description of Prosopis algarobilla Gris. and Prosopis nigra (Gris.) Hieron. The wood structure of these species is compared with the anatomical literature concerned to the genus Prosopis. The most important anatomical differences, were observed in vessel volume fraction, axial parenchyma volume fraction and width of rays in number of cells.
Aspectos da anatomia foliar de Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni (Compositae)
Authors: Grassiolli Thereza , Achutti Maria Helena Cechella , Lopes Amélia Moema Veiga
Published: September 2018

Leaves of cultivated plants, alive or fixed, in paradermal and cross sections were studied. The determination of occupied area by epidermal cells, stomata and trichomes according to the stereological method was done. For this determination and the study of venation, whole clarified leaves were used. The structure of leaves is dorsiventral. The stomata are anomocytic. The trichomes area of the conical, filiform and glandular biseriate types. The venation is acrodromous. The vascular bundles have a collateral arrangement. Floem fibers are present. The minor veins have paranchymatic bundle sheat. Hydathodes occur at the apices of serrations on the margins of leaves. Schizogenous secretory canals, opposed to protoxylem, accompany the primary veins.
Estudo anatômico do xilema secundário de Acacia ibirocayensis Marchiori (Leguminosae Mimosoideae)
Authors: Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: September 2018

This paper deals with the description of the general, macroscopic and microscopic features of the wood of Acacia ibirocayensis Marchiori, a small shrub native on rocky hills of the Ibirocay river region, southwestern of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The anatomical structure showed very short vascular elements, exclusively simple perforation plates, alternate and vestured intervascular pits, paratracheal irregularly-banded axial parenchyma, homogeneous rays and libriform non-septated fibres. The wood is analysed, being considered some anatomical charactes of taxonomic, phylogenetic and ecophysiological value.
Relações histórico - florísticas, fitossociologia e aspectos ecológicos do Alecrim (Holocalyx balansae Mich.) em floresta primária, na região de Formigueiro – RS
Authors: Schmidt Marcus V. Chamon , Marchiori José Newton Cardoso , Nascimento André R. Terra , Alvarez Filho Adelino
Published: September 2018

The forests of the Depressão Central in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, are in an advanced process of fragmentation, as a consequence of the expansion of the agriculture area. These fragments are in different degrees of conservation due to selective wood extraction and the action the cattle reising. The lack of studies about floristic composition, structure, reproductive strategies of arboreal species and the fragmentation effects on ecosystems, turn impratical any practice that garantee the conservation of forest genetic resourses in situ. This work relies on results obtained in a fragment untouched in Formigueiro county. Floristic data presented here are inserted in the dynamic context of the southern Brazil vegetation, under the influence of climatic changes in the Quaternary, identifing the original flora and the recent features of these forests. The structural analysis detected the occurence of alecrim (Holocalyx balansae Mich), a specie that in spite of being rare in the Depressão Central, presented high density in the study area. Based on the results obtained in loco, we conclude that alecrim is characterisis itself as a climax specie and, therefore, vulnerable to fragmentation. These informations, although incomplete, is of great importance in the conservation of produtive characteristics of forest. The lack of it, turns impratical the permanence of these fragments in rural properties.
Ciência e Natura - Instruções aos Autores
Authors: Bisognin Vanilde
Published: September 2018

Instructions to Authors to prepare the articles.
NutriDia Brasil: A atuação de um hospital de ensino nos anos de 2015 e 2016
Authors: Tatsch Carina Garcia , Fischer Maiara De Queiroz , Dalmonte Katiane Schmitt , Baelz Katiele , Poll Fabiana Assmann , Antunes Carolina Testa
Published: September 2018

Descrever o estado nutricional, aspectos relacionados ao consumo alimentar e desfecho clínico de pacientes da enfermaria e UTI de um hospital de ensino integrante do NutriDia Brasil nos anos de 2015 e 2016. Aplicou-se o questionário do projeto Nutrition Day em 75 pacientes. Na enfermaria em 2015, 50,0% dos pacientes apresentavam eutrofia, entretanto, em 2016, 46,2% dos adultos estavam em sobrepeso e 50% dos idosos eutróficos, e em ambos os anos a maioria se alimentava via oral. Na UTI, em 2015, encontramos os mesmos percentuais de adultos com eutrofia ou excesso de peso, já 40% dos idosos em magreza ou eutrofia. Em 2016, 50% dos adultos estavam eutróficos e 66,7% dos idosos apresentavam excesso de peso. A via de alimentação predominante foi a enteral, em ambos os anos. Concluiu-se que houve predomínio de eutrofia e excesso de peso, na enfermaria prevaleceu a via oral e na UTI a via enteral.Palavras-chaves: avaliação nutricional, dieta, estado nutricional.
(Re)conhecimento dos profissionais da saúde sobre a reforma psiquiátrica
Authors: Tolentino Daiane Magalhães , Mello Amanda De Lemos , Siqueira Daiana Foggiato de , Terra Marlene Gomes
Published: September 2018

Objetiva-se compreender a percepção da equipe multiprofissional das Unidades de Atenção Psicossocial dos Hospitais Gerais da 4ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde frente à Lei da Reforma Psiquiátrica. Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 19 profissionais de saúde inseridos nas Unidades de Atenção Psicossocial dos Hospitais Gerais. Os dados foram coletados, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, no período de junho e agosto de 2017 e submetidos à análise temática da qual emergiram duas categorias: possibilidades para atenção ampliada e caminhos a serem trilhados. Identificou-se a compreensão do cuidado, por parte dos profissionais, sob a lógica da integralidade. Os profissionais identificaram a estigmatização da pessoa com transtorno mental e a consequente dificuldade de acesso aos serviços da rede como obstáculos a serem superados. Concluiu-se sobre a importância da implementação da Educação Permanente em Saúde desde a formação, estendendo-se pela vida profissional.
Polarização de linfócitos: Relevância fisiopatológica de Th9 e Th17
Authors: Degasperi Giovanna Rosa , Camargo Ricardo Cunha , Ribeiro Taynara Cristina Silva , Rodrigues Thais Costa Reis , Barille Giovanna
Published: September 2018

A polarização de células TCD4+ é um dos mecanismos mais importantes da resposta imunológica. Cada um dos subtipos ou padrões de células são originados a partir da polarização decorrente da interação de células TCD4+ naives com antígenos apresentados por células apresentadoras de antígenos. A expressão de determinados fatores de transcrição e a produção de interleucinas específicas constituem a identidade de cada um deles. Além de Th1 e Th2 já comumente descritos, o papel das polarizações Th17 e Th9 se mostram cada vez mais presentes na fisiopatologia de  diversas doenças e constituem um caminho promissor para traçar possíveis estratégias terapêuticas.
Aptidão física relacionada à saúde de escolares de Canoas / RS
Authors: Vian Fernando , Pedretti Augusto , Gaya Adroaldo , Reis Gaya Anelise , Volkweis Junior José Miguel
Published: September 2018

A aptidão física deve ser considerada como um marcador de saúde já na infância e adolescência, reforçando a necessidade de incluir testes de aptidão física em sistemas de monitoramento da saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aptidão física relacionada à saúde (ApFRS) de jovens de  uma Escola do município de Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul. Participaram do estudo 85 crianças e adolescentes de nove a 15 anos de ambos os gêneros. O instrumento utilizado para avaliar a ApFRS foi os testes propostos pelo Projeto Esporte Brasil (IMC, aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ApC), flexibilidade (FLEX), força/ resistência muscular localizada (FML). Observamos que aproximadamente ¼ das crianças e adolescentes estão na zona de risco à saúde, quadro este que merece atenção por parte dos Professores de Educação Física escolar. Dentre as variáveis avaliadas, se destaca a baixa ApC observada, em que as meninas possuem desempenho inferior aos meninos (56 vs. 79%, respectivamente) e também aos valores de IMC em que ⅓ deles estão na ZR.
Casos notificados de violência doméstica, sexual e/ou outras violências em idosos no município de Santa Maria-RS
Authors: Santos Tamires Daros dos , Viera Gessica Bordin , Machado Aline Dos Santos , Tavares Deise Iop , Santos Sandra Beatriz Aires dos , Braz Melissa Medeiros , Pivetta Hedioneia Maria Foletto
Published: September 2018

Objetivo:caracterizar os casos notificados de violência doméstica, sexual e/ou outras violências em idosos no município de Santa Maria-RS no período de 2010-2014. Método: estudo secundário, descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado com dados provenientes do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) através das Informações de Saúde disponibilizadas no Tabnet. Resultados:Houve aumento no número de casos de violência contra o idoso notificados no município de Santa Maria-RS no período analisado, totalizando 95 casos. Considerando o perfil foi observado predomínio do sexo masculino (53,7%), raça branca (80%) e ensino fundamental incompleto (58,9%). Houve predomínio da violência física (41%) seguida por negligência/abandono (21%). A violência de repetição foi relatada em 21% dos casos. O meio de agressão mais frequente foi a violência corporal/espancamento, o local de ocorrência a residência (70,5%) e o provável agressor o filho (60%). Conclusão:A notificação dos casos e o conhecimento do perfil destes sujeitos possibilita o desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas de combate à violência pelas instituições competentes, bem como alerta para importância do adequado preenchimento das fichas pelos profissionais de saúde.
Produção científica acerca dos instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade do cuidado de enfermagem: estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Dias Caren Franciele Coelho , Lima Suzinara Beatriz Soares de , Fernandes Gilmara Aparecida Batista
Published: September 2018

Este estudo tem o objetivo de mapear a produção de teses e dissertações que abordam o tema instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade do cuidado de enfermagem, no cenário brasileiro. Estudo bibliométrico realizado a partir de pesquisas publicadas na base de dados do Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Enfermagem da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem e da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, sem recorte temporal. Foram selecionados 10 estudos sendo 06 dissertações e 04 teses, e analisados quantitativamente os que possuem as palavras-chave mais relevantes para o tema. Os resultados basearam-se em estatística descritiva e obteve-se um perfil das publicações estudadas. Conclui-se que é importante a mensuração do cuidado prestado em enfermagem, por meio de instrumentos válidos e fidedignos, na busca pelo aperfeiçoamento da qualidade da assistência para que os pacientes sejam atendidos em sua integralidade.
Apoio Social a mulheres com câncer de mama
Authors: Donato Ana Paula , Vizzotto Betina Pivetta , Braz Melissa Medeiros
Published: September 2018

O câncer de mama apresenta incidência elevada e acomete principalmente a população feminina. Mesmo nos dias atuais, com o avanço nos métodos de tratamento, essa doença provoca alterações biopsicossociais na vida da mulher, que poderá repercutir a curto e longo prazo nas relações sociais. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o apoio social de mulheres em tratamento para o câncer de mama. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e transversal com abordagem quantitativa com 24 mulheres que aguardavam a consulta de rotina no ambulatório de Mastologia ou o atendimento de Fisioterapia. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário que continha informações sociodemográficas e a Escala de Apoio Social. Verificou-se, através do escore total obtido pelo Apoio Social de 72,17 ± 5,56,que as mulheres recebiam um excelente apoio social em todos os domínios, destacando-se o apoio material. A partir dos dados obtidos, as mulheres deste estudo estão assistidas em relação ao apoio social, fator este que contribui no tratamento e na reinserção nas suas atividades.
ANAIS DA XXI SEMANA ACADÊMICA DE FISIOTERAPIA/ UFSM
Authors: Braz Melissa Medeiros
Published: September 2018

ANAIS DA XXI SEMANA ACADÊMICA DE FISIOTERAPIA/ UFSM
La puesta en valor del patrimonio cultural de La Herradura: el hundimiento parcial de la flota del Mediterráneo de Felipe II = The Enhancement of the Cultural Heritage of La Herradura: The Partial Sinking of Philip II´s Fleet in the Mediterranean
Authors: Sánchez Holgado José Ramón
Published: September 2018

El 19 de octubre de 1562 se produjo el hundimiento parcial de la flota perteneciente a la Monarquía Hispánica en las inmediaciones de la Ensenada de La Herradura (Almuñécar), debido a una serie de inclemencias meteorológicas y marítimas que mermaron considerablemente la autoridad naval del monarca Felipe II. En la actualidad, no existe ninguna puesta en valor de este patrimonio de memoria histórica, único en la costa granadina. Por lo que, el presente estudio de investigación analizará la configuración geográfica de la Ensenada, incluyendo un inventario patrimonial de carácter defensivo que favorezca la localización, identificación y protección de los restos del naufragio mediante su valorización.On 19 October, 1562, the Spanish King Philip II,s fleet was partially wrecked off the bay of La Herradura (Almuñécar). The resulting human and material losses led to the decline of the Spanish Monarch´s naval power. At present, there is no valorization of this historical event, which place on the coast of Granada. For this reason this research will analyze the geographic configuration of the bay, including an inventory of the defensive heritage that promotes the localization, identification and protection of the remains of the wreck through its assessment.
Reseña de: Azcárate Luxán, Blanca y Rodríguez Hernandez, J. Julio, Pasajeros de tercera clase. Madrid, 2017, Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social, 467 pp. ISBN 978-84-8417-517-9.
Authors: Fernández Fernández Antonio
Published: September 2018

Reseña de: Azcárate Luxán, Blanca y Rodríguez Hernandez, J. Julio, Pasajeros de tercera clase. Madrid, 2017, Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social, 467 pp. ISBN 978-84-8417-517-9.
President’s Message: Rebuilding Our Identity, Together
Authors: Kim Bohyun
Published: September 2018

This is the President's meessage column from LITA President Bohyun Kim regarding the current discussion of forming a new division from LITA, ALCTS, and LLAMA that embraces the breakdown of silos and positive risk-taking to better collaborate and move our profession forward.
Journal du Nombre, moyen et outil pour la conceptualisation des connaissances mathématiques 1
Authors: Vigot Nathalie
Published: September 2018

L’article relate une expérimentation sur la construction du nombre au niveau du cours préparatoire et du cours élémentaire (élèves âgés de 6 à 8 ans). Nous centrons notre analyse sur un des éléments de l’ingénierie. Il s’agit d’un cahier de recherche personnel et collectif nommé le Journal du Nombre pour mieux comprendre les mathématiques dont l’une des particularités consiste en l’exclusion de toute évaluation afin de favoriser la construction d’un savoir-temps pour l’élaboration d’un rapport privé aux objets mathématiques notamment pour les élèves moins avancés. Notre cadre théorique est la théorie de l’action conjointe en didactique-TACD, dans la poursuite des travaux de Brousseau (1986) et de Sensevy (1994). Nous retenons quelques catégories théoriques comme les règles définitoires et stratégiques, le contrat-milieu, l’action conjointe, l’incitation productive collective, la dialectique de l’expression-réticence et les élèves moins avancés. La méthodologie consiste dans l’analyse d’un petit échantillon de travaux d’élèves moins avancés réalisés dans le Journal du Nombre. Les résultats montrent que le Journal du Nombre est un dispositif qui permet de relier le temps institutionnel et la durée personnelle de l’élève pour une meilleure acquisition des connaissances mathématiques.
Validation du cadre de référence PIEA des pratiques d’évaluation des apprentissages en classe dans une approche par compétences selon la perception d’étudiants du collégial 1
Authors: Talbot Nadine , Raîche Gilles
Published: September 2018

Au Québec, les réformes scolaires instaurées entre 1986 et 2004 aux différents ordres d’enseignement visent principalement le développement de compétences au lieu de l’atteinte d’objectifs d’apprentissage. Cette transition a causé des changements dans les pratiques pédagogiques. Ainsi, la connaissance des pratiques pédagogiques, et de fait des pratiques d’évaluation des apprentissages, pourrait permettre de mieux comprendre la réalité vécue dans les classes. Proposé par Raîche (2006), le cadre de référence PIEA énonce les caractéristiques suivantes des pratiques d’évaluation des apprentissages en classe : la planification, l’intégration, l’équité et l’authenticité. L’objectif spécifique de cette recherche était de déterminer si les caractéristiques du modèle PIEA se retrouvent dans les caractéristiques perçues des pratiques d’évaluation des apprentissages en classe par des étudiants du collégial. Un échantillon de 1975 étudiants inscrits dans des programmes techniques et préuniversitaires d’études collégiales québécois a répondu à un questionnaire constitué de 24 items. Les données ainsi obtenues ont été traitées à l’aide d’une analyse factorielle exploratoire. Les analyses menées pour déterminer le nombre de dimensions à retenir et explorer les diverses solutions factorielles ont permis d’identifier un modèle à quatre facteurs fortement corrélés entre eux associés aux caractéristiques proposées par le modèle PIEA, mais toutefois pas exactement les mêmes.
Relationship Between Anxiety and Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Vissicchio Nicholas A. , Altaras Caroline , Parker Amanda , Schneider Shonna , Portnoy Jeffrey G. , Archetti Roseanne , Stimmel Marnina , Foley Frederick W.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Anxiety, which is very prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS) but understudied, has been shown to negatively affect cognition in many different populations. Slowed information processing speed underlies most cognitive impairments in MS, including verbal learning. The aim of this study was to look at how anxiety influences cognition—specifically processing speed and verbal learning—in MS.

Methods:

Eligibility criteria were adults (≥18 years) who had a diagnosis of clinically definite MS and had participated in neuropsychological research projects. A retrospective medical record review was conducted on the neuropsychological testing data. Two hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to determine the unique contributions of processing speed and anxiety on verbal learning in MS, after adjusting for demographic and disability variables. Two separate mediation analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between processing speed, verbal learning, and anxiety.

Results:

Participants (N = 141) ranged in age from 18–91 years. Based on the multiple regression analyses, processing speed (β = 0.55, ΔR2 = 0.27, P < .001) and anxiety (β = −0.34, ΔR2 = 0.11, P < .001) were uniquely significant predictors of verbal learning. Based on the mediation analyses, there was a significant indirect effect of anxiety on verbal learning through processing speed (ab = −0.31, 95% CI = −0.60 to −0.09). There was also a significant indirect effect of processing speed on verbal learning through anxiety (ab = −0.05, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.12).

Conclusions:

Results suggest a bidirectional relationship of anxiety and processing speed on verbal learning in MS. Anxiety has a significant effect on cognition and should not be overlooked. Interventions targeting anxiety may improve cognition in MS.
Phase transitioned nuclear Oskar promotes cell division of Drosophila primordial germ cells
Authors: Kistler Kathryn E , Trcek Tatjana , Hurd Thomas R , Chen Ruoyu , Liang Feng-Xia , Sall Joseph , Kato Masato , Lehmann Ruth
Published: September 2018

Germ granules are non-membranous ribonucleoprotein granules deemed the hubs for post-transcriptional gene regulation and functionally linked to germ cell fate across species. Little is known about the physical properties of germ granules and how these relate to germ cell function. Here we study two types of germ granules in the Drosophila embryo: cytoplasmic germ granules that instruct primordial germ cells (PGCs) formation and nuclear germ granules within early PGCs with unknown function. We show that cytoplasmic and nuclear germ granules are phase transitioned condensates nucleated by Oskar protein that display liquid as well as hydrogel-like properties. Focusing on nuclear granules, we find that Oskar drives their formation in heterologous cell systems. Multiple, independent Oskar protein domains synergize to promote granule phase separation. Deletion of Oskar’s nuclear localization sequence specifically ablates nuclear granules in cell systems. In the embryo, nuclear germ granules promote germ cell divisions thereby increasing PGC number for the next generation.
Optogenetics enables real-time spatiotemporal control over spiral wave dynamics in an excitable cardiac system
Authors: Majumder Rupamanjari , Feola Iolanda , Teplenin Alexander S , de Vries Antoine AF , Panfilov Alexander V , Pijnappels Daniel A
Published: September 2018

Propagation of non-linear waves is key to the functioning of diverse biological systems. Such waves can organize into spirals, rotating around a core, whose properties determine the overall wave dynamics. Theoretically, manipulation of a spiral wave core should lead to full spatiotemporal control over its dynamics. However, this theory lacks supportive evidence (even at a conceptual level), making it thus a long-standing hypothesis. Here, we propose a new phenomenological concept that involves artificially dragging spiral waves by their cores, to prove the aforementioned hypothesis in silico, with subsequent in vitro validation in optogenetically modified monolayers of rat atrial cardiomyocytes. We thereby connect previously established, but unrelated concepts of spiral wave attraction, anchoring and unpinning to demonstrate that core manipulation, through controlled displacement of heterogeneities in excitable media, allows forced movement of spiral waves along pre-defined trajectories. Consequently, we impose real-time spatiotemporal control over spiral wave dynamics in a biological system.
Growth and feeding of deep-sea coral Lophelia pertusa from the California margin under simulated ocean acidification conditions
Authors: Gómez Carlos E. , Wickes Leslie , Deegan Dan , Etnoyer Peter J. , Cordes Erik E.
Published: September 2018

The global decrease in seawater pH known as ocean acidification has important ecological consequences and is an imminent threat for numerous marine organisms. Even though the deep sea is generally considered to be a stable environment, it can be dynamic and vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances including increasing temperature, deoxygenation, ocean acidification and pollution. Lophelia pertusa is among the better-studied cold-water corals but was only recently documented along the US West Coast, growing in acidified conditions. In the present study, coral fragments were collected at ∼300 m depth along the southern California margin and kept in recirculating tanks simulating conditions normally found in the natural environment for this species. At the collection site, waters exhibited persistently low pH and aragonite saturation states (Ωarag) with average values for pH of 7.66 ± 0.01 and Ωarag of 0.81 ± 0.07. In the laboratory, fragments were grown for three weeks in “favorable” pH/Ωarag of 7.9/1.47 (aragonite saturated) and “unfavorable” pH/Ωarag of 7.6/0.84 (aragonite undersaturated) conditions. There was a highly significant treatment effect (P < 0.001) with an average% net calcification for favorable conditions of 0.023 ± 0.009% d−1 and net dissolution of −0.010 ± 0.014% d-1 for unfavorable conditions. We did not find any treatment effect on feeding rates, which suggests that corals did not depress feeding in low pH/ Ωarag in an attempt to conserve energy. However, these results suggest that the suboptimal conditions for L. pertusa from the California margin could potentially threaten the persistence of this cold-water coral with negative consequences for the future stability of this already fragile ecosystem.
A prognostic mRNA expression signature of four 16q24.3 genes in radio(chemo)therapy‐treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
Authors: Wintergerst Ludmila , Selmansberger Martin , Maihoefer Cornelius , Schüttrumpf Lars , Walch Axel , Wilke Christina , Pitea Adriana , Woischke Christine , Baumeister Philipp , Kirchner Thomas , Belka Claus , Ganswindt Ute , Zitzelsberger Horst , Unger Kristian , Hess Julia
Published: September 2018

Previously, we have shown that copy number gain of the chromosomal band 16q24.3 is associated with impaired clinical outcome of radiotherapy‐treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. We set out to identify a prognostic mRNA signature from genes located on 16q24.3 in radio(chemo)therapy‐treated HNSCC patients of the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas, n = 99) cohort. We applied stepwise forward selection using expression data of 41 16q24.3 genes. The resulting optimal Cox‐proportional hazards regression model included the genes APRT, CENPBD1, CHMP1A, and GALNS. Afterward, the prognostic value of the classifier was confirmed in an independent cohort of HNSCC patients treated by adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy (LMU‐KKG cohort). The signature significantly differentiated high‐ and low‐risk patients with regard to overall survival (HR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.10–3.70; P = 0.02125), recurrence‐free survival (HR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.01–3.34; P = 0.04206), and locoregional recurrence‐free survival (HR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.03–3.40; P = 0.03641). The functional impact of the four signature genes was investigated after reconstruction of a gene association network from transcriptome data of the TCGA HNSCC cohort using a partial correlation approach. Subsequent pathway enrichment analysis of the network neighborhood (first and second) of the signature genes suggests involvement of HNSCC‐associated signaling pathways such as apoptosis, cell cycle, cell adhesion, EGFR, JAK‐STAT, and mTOR. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the first neighborhood revealed a cluster of co‐expressed genes located on chromosome 16q, substantiating the impact of 16q24.3 alterations in poor clinical outcome of HNSCC. The reported gene expression signature represents a prognostic marker in HNSCC patients following postoperative radio(chemo)therapy.
Event‐triggered adaptive tracking control for a class of uncertain stochastic nonlinear systems with Markov jumping parameters
Authors: He Miao , Li Junmin
Published: September 2018

This paper aims to investigate the problem of event‐triggered adaptive tracking control for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with Markov jumping parameters. Since the stochastic system contains unknown parameters, the assumption of the stochastic input‐to‐state stability is a difficult task to check. To overcome the design difficulty, mode‐dependent adaptive controllers and the event‐triggered strategy are designed simultaneously with the help of backstepping technique. The stochastic input‐to‐state stability assumption is avoided by adding correction terms in controller to compensate the measurement errors. The proposed control schemes guarantee that all signals in the closed‐loop system remain bounded in probability and the tracking error signals eventually converge to the compact set in the sense of mean quartic value. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Influence of Work‐Hardening and Lower Temperatures on the Yield Stress of Austenitic Stainless Steel X2CrNi18‐10 under Combined Tension‐Torsion Loading
Authors: Krause Daniel , Eckner Ralf , Krüger Lutz
Published: September 2018

This study investigates the impact of work‐hardening and lower temperatures on the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel X2CrNi18‐10 under multiaxial stress. For this purpose, the yield behavior of hollow tubular specimens under combined torsion‐tension loading is examined using a servo‐hydraulic testing system MTS809.10S. Yield points are determined for different tension‐to‐torsion ratios using 1) solution‐annealed specimens tested at room temperature, 2) pre‐strained specimens with 3.6% α’‐martensite tested at room temperature, and 3) solution‐annealed specimens tested at −20 °C. Experimental results show that the yield stresses of the solution‐annealed material at room temperature and at −20 °C can be reasonably approximated using the von Mises and the isotropic Hosford yield hypothesis. Contrary, the yield stresses of the work‐hardened material cannot be fitted with isotropic yield hypotheses because the required torsional stress component to induce plastic deformation is much higher than suggested in those criteria. This effect is mainly attributed to the strain hardening behavior of the X2CrNi18‐10, showing a comparatively high rate of work‐hardening especially at low strains. A suitable approach for fitting the yield points of the work‐hardened material is found with the anisotropic yield hypothesis according to Hosford.
Rich‐Mixed‐Valence NixCo3−xPy Porous Nanowires Interwelded Junction‐Free 3D Network Architectures for Ultrahigh Areal Energy Density Supercapacitors
Authors: Song Weijie , Wu Juan , Wang Gengjie , Tang Shaochun , Chen Gang , Cui Mingjin , Meng Xiangkang
Published: September 2018

Herein, novel phosphide composites (NixCo3−xPy) are reported with well‐defined hexagonal thin‐plate morphology and a hieratically porous but robust junction‐free 3D network constructed by interwelding porous NWs, which are achieved by first synthesizing 2D Ni‐Co precursors with tunable Ni/Co molar ratios and top‐down etching, followed by phosphorization. Owing to enhanced electron/ion transfer, increased availability of active sites/interfaces, rich mixed valences of bimetals and P, and strong intercomponent synergy, the optimized NiCoP‐CoP shows a specific capacitance reaching 1969 F g−1, much larger than those of Ni‐Co sulfides and other similar phosphides. An asymmetric supercapacitor employing the advanced NiCoP‐CoP as positive electrode exhibits a remarkable cycling stability with 93% retention after 5000 cycles at 8 A g−1, which is mainly attributed to such architecture allowing strong mechanical stability and to effectively buffer the strain/volume expansion during fast Faradaic reactions. A single device having both an output voltage as high as 7.2 V and an ultrahigh areal energy density of 639 mWh cm−2 at 48 W cm−2 is realized by a designed configuration in which four capacitors in series connection are stacked with solid‐state electrolyte. An almost linear increase in output voltage with the layer number indicates possibility to meet various output requirements for miniaturized electronics.
An Armored Mixed Conductor Interphase on a Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Anode
Authors: Yan Chong , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Yao Yu‐Xing , Shen Xin , Li Bo‐Quan , Li Wen‐Jun , Zhang Rui , Huang Jia‐Qi , Li Hong , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2018

Lithium‐metal electrodes have undergone a comprehensive renaissance to meet the requirements of high‐energy‐density batteries due to their lowest electrode potential and the very high theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, the unstable interface between lithium and nonaqueous electrolyte induces dendritic Li and low Coulombic efficiency during repeated Li plating/stripping, which is one of the huge obstacles toward practical lithium‐metal batteries. Here, a composite mixed ionic/electronic conductor interphase (MCI) is formed on the surface of Li by in situ chemical reactions of a copper‐fluoride‐based solution and Li metal at room temperature. The as‐obtained MCI film acts like the armor of a soldier to protect the Li‐metal anode by its prioritized lithium storage, high ionic conductivity, and high Young's modulus. The armored MCI can effectively suppress Li‐dendrite growth and work effectively in LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/Li cells. The armored MCI presents fresh insights into the formation and regulation of the stable electrode–electrolyte interface and an effective strategy to protect Li‐metal anodes in working Li‐metal batteries.
Specially Wettable Membranes for Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Wei Yibin , Qi Hong , Gong Xiao , Zhao Shuaifei
Published: September 2018

The oil–water separation has attracted heightened attention because of the ever‐increasing amounts of oily water produced from the daily activities of humans and industrial processes. Membrane technology as an advanced water purification approach has offered an indispensable option due to its cost‐effective, energy‐efficient, and easy‐to‐operate characteristics. However, traditional membrane materials suffer from severe fouling, which counteracts the superiority of applying membranes in oil–water separation applications. Thanks to the emerging bioinspired interface research, a series of special wettability not only endows membrane surfaces with outstanding antifouling properties but also breaks though the long‐standing tradeoff effect between membrane permeability and selectivity. In this review, the recent advances of membranes used for oil–water separation with special wettability and perspectives on the on‐going research are presented. The authors first discuss the wetting phenomenon on membrane surface, and then highlight the gradually evolved specially wettable system and its coupling with membrane materials. Next, relatively comprehensive preparation methods and applications of oil–water filtration membranes utilizing special wettability are summarized. Finally, the authors conclude the current achievements and challenges in specially wettable membranes for oil–water separation and outlook the future in this field.
Graphene‐Based Light‐Driven Soft Robot with Snake‐Inspired Concertina and Serpentine Locomotion
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Zhang Mei , Li Dengfeng , Shen Yajing
Published: September 2018

As a kind of reptile that can move in a sophisticated environment by periodic changes in body shape, a snake's locomotion mode has inspired the design of several novel robots. Yet, most of those conventional robots are constructed by rigid components and powered by electricity. Herein, a novel snake‐inspired soft robot by fabricating triple‐layer reduced graphene oxide and polydopamine is reported. Such soft material is capable of bidirectional deformation while near‐infrared (NIR) light is projected at different regions. It allows the robot to move continuously by periodically changing body shape on demand without external forces or torques. The designed robot can achieve two locomotion modes like a snake, i.e., concertina locomotion and serpentine locomotion modes, corresponding to external NIR light stimulation. It paves a new way for the fabrication and control of soft robot which can be applied to medical treatment, rescue operation, and so on in the future.
The Synthesis of Benzofulvenes through Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential Three‐Component Reactions
Authors: Zhou Bo , Wu Zhuo , Qi Weixin , Sun Xueliang , Zhang Yanghui
Published: September 2018

An approach for the synthesis of benzofulvenes has been developed through palladium‐catalyzed sequential three‐component reactions. The reactions likely involve C,C‐palladacycles as the key intermediates. The palladacycles are generated through cascade reactions of aryl halides and alkynes, and then reacted with CH2Br2 to form benzofulvenes as the final products.

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Do skin and hair pigmentation in prepubertal and early pubertal stages correlate with 2D:4D?
Authors: Sitek Aneta , Kozieł Sławomir , Kasielska‐Trojan Anna , Antoszewski Bogusław
Published: September 2018

Objectives

In most human populations women are less pigmented than men. However, before puberty, boys tend to have lighter skin than girls. Previous research has shown that skin pigmentation in European women is negatively correlated with digit ratio (2D:4D). Therefore, it has been hypothesized that skin pigmentation in females is partially controlled by prenatal hormones. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between 2D:4D and pigmentation in girls and boys in the prepubertal or early pubertal stages of ontogenesis.

Methods

The study group consisted of 598 Polish children (275 boys), aged 6.5‐10.5 years. All underwent spectrophotometric measurements of skin and hair melanin index (SMI and HMI) and had the second and the fourth finger on both hands measured directly.

Results

SMI (in girls) and HMI (in girls and boys) were positively correlated with age but 2D:4D was not. We regressed SMI and HMI on age and used the residuals as a measure of age‐independent pigmentation. In girls, positive correlations were found between resSMI and 2D:4D for the right hand, but there was no correlation with left 2D:4D. In boys, resSMI did not correlate with 2D:4D. The resHMI was not related to 2D:4D in girls or boys.

Conclusion

Skin pigmentation in prepubertal or early pubertal girls is related to 2D:4D such that high 2D:4D is associated with higher pigmentation. This relationship may be mediated by the individual rate of sexual maturation.
Minimal mosaicism, maximal phenotype: Discordance between clinical and molecular findings in two patients with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Byers Heather M. , Jensen Dana M. , Glass Ian A. , Bennett James T.
Published: September 2018

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder characterized by hamartomatous growths in the brain, kidneys, lungs, skin, heart, and retina. TSC is caused by loss of function mutations in one of two tumor suppressor genes, TSC1 or TSC2. Two‐thirds of individuals with TSC have de novo mutations, and individuals with postzygotic pathogenic variants in both TSC1 and TSC2 have been reported. The development of sensitive molecular methods, such as next generation sequencing, has led to an increased ability to detect low‐level mosaic variants, which are typically thought to have milder phenotypes because a smaller fraction of cells in the body harbor the mutation. Here, we describe two patients with TSC who had severe phenotypic involvement, but only low‐level mosaicism in TSC2. Given this apparent discrepancy and concern about a missed constitutional variant, we sampled multiple tissues in both cases to confirm these mosaic mutations. Sampling of multiple tissues can be crucial in molecular diagnosis of mosaic TSC. These cases highlight, in general, challenges in molecular diagnosis of genetic conditions due to postzygotic mutations.
Cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis: A biological approach to diagnosis
Authors: Brickley Megan B.
Published: September 2018

Objectives

Porotic lesions of the skull (cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis) are one of the most common types of lesion identified in archaeological human bone and have also been found in hominins and non‐human primates. Because of the frequency with which such lesions are found there has been extensive debate on the possible causes and whether they are linked, with much of the debate centering on anemia. The biological approach to diagnosis in paleopathology used by Don Ortner and recently proposed more formally as a technique to facilitate diagnosis in paleopathology by Simon Mays may offer a means of answering some of the questions surrounding these lesions.

Materials and Methods

A review was undertaken of biomedical information on changes in the distribution of marrow type and pattern of conversion of red and mixed marrow, and the potential for re‐conversion of yellow marrow with age. The range and type of other conditions that might result in the development of porous lesions were also considered.

Results

Combining information from the biomedical literature on marrow type and patterns of conversion with age, with careful evaluation of the type and location of porous lesions in the skull and across the rest of the skeleton will assist in suggesting a diagnosis.

Discussion

A wide range of conditions can produce porous lesions in the cranial vault and the orbital roof, but due to anatomical structures and physiological factors such lesions are more likely to occur in the orbital roof. Anemia can produce lesions in both locations, but evidence of marrow expansion is required to confirm it as a cause.
The torso integration hypothesis revisited in Homo sapiens: Contributions to the understanding of hominin body shape evolution
Authors: Torres‐Tamayo Nicole , García‐Martínez Daniel , Nalla Shahed , Barash Alon , Williams Scott A. , Blanco‐Pérez Esther , Mata Escolano Federico , Sanchis‐Gimeno Juan Alberto , Bastir Markus
Published: September 2018

Objectives: Lower thoracic widths and curvatures track upper pelvic widths and iliac blades curvatures in hominins and other primates (torso integration hypothesis). However, recent studies suggest that sexual dimorphism could challenge this assumption in Homo sapiens. We test the torso integration hypothesis in two modern human populations, both considering and excluding the effect of sexual dimorphism. We further assess covariation patterns between different thoracic and pelvic levels, and we explore the allometric effects on torso shape variation.

Material and Methods: A sex‐balanced sample of 50 anatomically connected torsos (25 Mediterraneans, 25 Sub‐Saharan Africans) was segmented from computed tomography scans. We compared the maximum medio‐lateral width at seventh–ninth rib levels with pelvic bi‐iliac breadth in males and females within both populations. We measured 1,030 (semi)landmarks on 3D torso models, and torso shape variation, mean size and shape comparisons, thoraco‐pelvic covariation and allometric effects were quantified through 3D geometric morphometrics.

Results: Females show narrow thoraces and wide pelves and males show wide thoraces and narrow pelves, although this trend is more evident in Mediterraneans than in Sub‐Saharans. Equal thoracic and pelvic widths, depths and curvatures were found in absence of sexual dimorphism. The highest strength of covariation was found between the lowest rib levels and the ilia, and allometric analyses showed that smaller torsos were wider than larger torsos.

Conclusions: This is the first study testing statistically the torso integration hypothesis in anatomically connected torsos. We propose a new and more complex torso integration model in H. sapiens with sexual dimorphism leading to different thoracic and pelvic widths and curvatures. These findings have important implications in hominin body shape reconstructions.
An N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Based Silver Precursor for Plasma‐Enhanced Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition of Silver Thin Films at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Boysen Nils , Hasselmann Tim , Karle Sarah , Rogalla Detlef , Theirich Detlef , Winter Manuela , Riedl Thomas , Devi Anjana
Published: September 2018

A new N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐based silver amide compound, 1,3‐di‐tert‐butyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene silver(I) 1,1,1‐trimethyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)silanaminide [(NHC)Ag(hmds)] was synthesized and analyzed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as EI mass spectrometry, and subsequently evaluated for its thermal characteristics. This new halogen‐ and phosphine‐free Ag atomic layer deposition (ALD) precursor was tested successfully for silver thin film growth in atmospheric pressure plasma enhanced spatial (APP‐ALD). High‐purity conductive Ag thin films with a low sheet resistance of 0.9 Ω/sq (resistivity: 10−5 Ωcm) were deposited at 100 °C and characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical transmittance, and Rutherford back‐scattering techniques. The carbene‐based Ag precursor and the new APP‐ALD process are significant developments in the field of precursor chemistry as well as metal ALD processing.
Density correlation of carbonated amine solvents for CO2 loading determination
Authors: Spietz Tomasz , Stec Marcin , Wilk Andrzej , Krótki Aleksander , Tatarczuk Adam , Więcław‐Solny Lucyna
Published: September 2018

Abstract

In this study, the densities of carbonated aqueous solution of amines (ethanolamine, methylethanolamine, aminoethylethanolamine, and N‐methyldiethanolamine with piperazine) in various concentration and CO2 loadings were measured with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 60°C. The measured densities are in good agreement with those reported in the literature. The density experimental data were correlated with temperature and CO2 loading. Additionally, in case of the monoethanolamine, amine concentration was included into the correlation. Furthermore, an obtained correlation for density prediction of carbonated monoethanoloamine solutions was compared with Jouyban–Acree model. The fitted models are able to predict the density of carbonated amine solutions with a satisfactory precision. Presented correlations can be used either to predict the density of carbonated amine solutions or to determine CO2 loading of the investigated solution, if the density is known. The results of this paper may have an industrial application as a tool for process control of CO2 capture systems.