bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Darcy–Forchheimer effect on magnetohydrodynamic Carreau–Yasuda nanofluid flow: Application of Von Kármán
Authors: Khan Mair , Salahuddin T. , Malik M.Y.
Published: May 2019

Transient MHD flow in Carreau–Yasuda nanofluid produced by impulsively started rotating disk is examined in the occurrence of Darcy–Forchheimer and chemical reactive species considering conventional Fourier’s and Fick’s laws. Appropriate transformations are used to transform the constitutive equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and then solve by using improved form of RK-4 Fehlberg scheme (Cash and Karp). The deviation in flow field due to velocity, friction factor, temperature, heat diffusion rate, nanoparticle concentration, and mass transfer rate is analyzed subsequent to various ambient parameters appearing in the problem. The results of the study reveal that Weissenberg number appearing in the equations leads to deceleration of the radial and tangential velocities while the power law index tends to accelerate the radial and tangential velocities.
An Unusual Ovarian Mucinous Borderline Tumor with a Large Solid Component
Authors: Kozawa Eito , Inoue Kaiji , Yano Mitsutake , Yasuda Masanori , Hasegawa Kosei , Tanaka Junji , Ichikawa Tomoaki , Niitsu Mamoru
Published: May 2019

Herein, we report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a mucinous borderline tumor of the ovary, which we observed as a mainly solid tumor with large solid components in the lower pelvic cavity. The appearance of ovarian epithelial tumors on imaging is often complex. Cystic to solid appearing masses may be observed, and they often resemble epithelial carcinoma. Due to mucinous or hemorrhage components of packed small or microcystic components, MRI depicts slightly high signal intensity on T1-weighted images and low signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Mucinous borderline tumor of the ovary with a large solid component is very rare, but it is clinically important to recognize the possibility of mucinous borderline tumor to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Human Gingival Tissue Overlying Multiple Oral Exostoses
Authors: Francetti Luca , Dellavia Claudia , Corbella Stefano , Cavalli Nicolò , Moscheni Claudia , Canciani Elena , Gagliano Nicoletta
Published: May 2019

Gingival and osseous augmentations are reported as hypertrophic or hyperplastic reactions to different factors including chronic traumatisms and surgeries such as free gingival graft (FGG) that induce an abnormal growth of both hard and soft tissues in genetically predisposed subjects. Since an imbalance in collagen turnover plays a key role in the development of gingival overgrowth leading to an accumulation of collagen in gingival connective tissue, in this study we described the histological and molecular features of three oral overgrowths obtained from a 34-year-old woman previously operated for FGG in order to evaluate a possible relationship between exostoses and overgrown tissue. Healthy and overgrown gingiva were analyzed by histological methods, and the expression of genes and proteins involved in collagen synthesis, maturation, and degradation was assessed in cultured fibroblasts obtained from gingival fragments at the molecular level. Our results show that general morphology and collagen content were similar in healthy and overgrown gingivae. However, fibroblasts obtained from the overgrown gingiva revealed an anabolic phenotype characterized by an increased collagen turnover and maturation. These findings indicate that an exostosis could act as a mechanical stimulus stretching the overlying connective tissue and triggering an anabolic phenotype of gingival fibroblasts and suggest to use minimally invasive surgical techniques to avoid traumatizing the periosteal tissues for the eradication of the exostosis with minimal relapses.
Enhancement of Immune Responses by Guanosine-Based Particles in DNA Plasmid Formulations against Infectious Diseases
Authors: Santos Saritza , Ramírez Maité , Miranda Eric , Reyes Nelson , Martínez Osmarie , Acosta-Santiago Maxier , Rivera José M. , Otero Miguel
Published: May 2019

Immunogenicity of DNA vaccines can be efficiently improved by adding adjuvants into their formulations. In this regard, the application of nano- and microparticles as vaccines adjuvants, or delivery systems, provides a powerful tool in designing modern vaccines. In the present study, we examined the role of “Supramolecular Hacky Sacks” (SHS) particles, made via the hierarchical self-assembly of a guanosine derivative, as a novel immunomodulator for DNA plasmid preparations. These plasmids code for the proteins HIV-1 Gag (pGag), the wild-type vaccinia virus Western Reserve A27 (pA27L), or a codon-optimized version of the latter (pOD1A27Lopt), which is also linked to the sequence of the outer domain-1 (OD1) from HIV-1 gp120 protein. We evaluated the enhancement of the immune responses generated by our DNA plasmid formulations in a murine model through ELISpot and ELISA assays. The SHS particles increased the frequencies of IFN-γ-producing cells in mice independently immunized with pGag and pA27L plasmids. Moreover, the addition of SHS to pGag and pA27L DNA plasmid formulations enhanced the production of IFN-γ(Th1-type) over IL-4 (Th2-type) cellular immune responses. Furthermore, pGag and pA27L plasmids formulated with SHS, triggered the production of antigen-specific IgG in mice, especially the IgG2a isotype. However, no improvement of either of those adaptive immune responses was observed in mice receiving pOD1A27Lopt+SHS. Here, we demonstrated that SHS particles have the ability to improve both arms of adaptive immunity of plasmid coding “wild-type” antigens without additional strategies to boost their immunogenicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SHS guanosine-based particles as DNA plasmid adjuvants.
Real-World Data in Support of Short Sleep Duration with Poor Glycemic Control, in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Martorina Wagner , Tavares Almir
Published: May 2019

Aims. Sleep duration (SD) has been associated with metabolic outcomes. Is there an independent association between short/long SD and glycemic control (GC) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatients, compared to intermediate SD? Employing up-to-date definitions of SD, we comprehensively considered, simultaneously, all known confounding/mediating factors that recently emerged in the literature: age, gender, diet, physical activity, obesity, night pain, nocturnal diuresis, sleep quality, chronotype, sleep apnea, depressive symptoms, alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, number of endocrinologist appointments, T2DM family history, and sleep medication.Methods. A cross-sectional study of 140 consecutive T2DM outpatients, ages 40-65,glycohemoglobin HbA1c goal≤7. We searched for variables (including HbA1c) significantly associated with short (<6 hours) or long (>8 hours) SD, in comparison to intermediate SD (6-8 hours).Results. Higher HbA1clevels increased the chance of belonging to the group that sleeps <6 hours (p≤0.001). Better sleep quality, nocturnal diuresis, and morningness increased the chance of belonging to the group that sleeps >8 hours (p<0.05).Conclusions. There is an independent association between short SD and elevated HbA1c, in real-world T2DM outpatients. Future interventional studies could evaluate weather consistent, long-term sleep extension, from <6 hours to 7–9 hours per 24 hours, improves GC in T2DM outpatients.
Grey Oyster Mushroom Biofarm for Small-Scale Entrepreneurship
Authors: Berhe Sbhatu Desta , Abraha Haftom Baraki , Fisseha Hiluf Tekle
Published: May 2019

This paper reports the productivity of a small-scale pilot biofarm of grey oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Sing.). The pilot was tested in Mekelle city (Ethiopia) in a brick-walled dark room. Growing structures were constructed by erecting three wood poles and fixing them with three wooden side bars at multiple locations to make a prism-shaped rack with multiple triangular open shelves, each capable of carrying one bag of spawned substrate. Mushroom substrates were prepared from maize stalk and wheat bran supplement. Pasteurized chopped maize stalk and wheat bran were mixed at the ratio of 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, and 7:3—yielding four treatments. Five kilograms of substrate was taken from each treatment and was mixed with one kilogram of gypsum to produce a growing mass. Each mass was spawned with 200 g of inoculum under aseptic conditions and put in polyethylene bags. The treatments were replicated thrice and the bags were put on the growth racks in completely randomized design. The growing room was maintained at optimum conditions. Maize stalk substrates supplemented with 10% and 20% of wheat bran have resulted in statistically comparable productivities but statistically significantly higher than those grown on nonsupplemented and highly supplemented maize stalk substrates (p ≤ 0.05). The ingenuity of the design and the convenience of the construction of the racks, the availability of the substrates, and the simplicity of the management and maintenance of the biofarm rendered the piloted design suitable for home-based and small- and medium-scale mushroom biofarm entrepreneurship.
Chlorogenic Acid Inhibits BAFF Expression in Collagen-Induced Arthritis and Human Synoviocyte MH7A Cells by Modulating the Activation of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Fu Xiaohong , Lyu Xilin , Liu Han , Zhong Dan , Xu Zhizhen , He Fengtian , Huang Gang
Published: May 2019

B cell activating factor (BAFF), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenolic compound and exerts antiarthritic activities in arthritis. However, it is not clear whether the anti-inflammatory property of CGA is associated with the regulation of BAFF expression. In this study, we found that treatment of the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice with CGA significantly attenuated arthritis progression and markedly inhibited BAFF production in serum as well as the production of serum TNF-α. Furthermore, CGA inhibits TNF-α-induced BAFF expression in a dose-dependent manner and apoptosis in MH7A cells. Mechanistically, we found the DNA-binding site for the transcription factor NF-κB in the BAFF promoter region is required for this regulation. Moreover, CGA reduces the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB to the BAFF promoter region and suppresses BAFF expression through the NF-κB pathway in TNF-α-stimulated MH7A cells. These results suggest that CGA may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA by targeting BAFF.
Robust Control and Synchronization of 3‐D Uncertain Fractional‐Order Chaotic Systems with External Disturbances via Adding One Power Integrator Control
Authors: Luo Runzi , Huang Meichun , Su Haipeng
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates the control and synchronization of a class of 3‐D uncertain fractional‐order chaotic systems with external disturbances. The adding one power integrator control scheme, which is the generalization of the traditional backstepping method, is used to investigate the global stability of the control and synchronization manifold. As a result, several criteria for chaos control and synchronization are obtained. Compared with the previous results, the presented strategies can not only be applied to a class of strict‐feedback systems but also be applied to more general class of fractional‐order chaotic systems. In addition, the proposed controllers are robust against uncertain parameters and external disturbances. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed criteria, two illustrative examples are given.
A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of a Combination of Propolis and Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) (DUAB®) in Preventing Low Urinary Tract Infection Recurrence in Women Complaining of Recurrent Cystitis
Authors: Bruyère Franck , Azzouzi Abdel Rahmène , Lavigne Jean-Philippe , Droupy Stéphane , Coloby Patrick , Game Xavier , Karsenty Gilles , Issartel Bertrand , Ruffion Alain , Misrai Vincent , Sotto Albert , Allaert Francois-André
Published: May 2019

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of a product containing cranberry and propolis (DUAB) to placebo for reducing frequency of cystitis in women with recurrent acute cystitis. Method: A multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized study of women aged >18 years with at least 4 episodes of cystitis in the previous 12 months was performed. The number of cystitis episodes over a 6-month follow-up was the primary end point. Results: Forty-two women were included in the cranberry + propolis group, and 43 women were in the placebo group. The mean age was 53 ± 18 years, with 6.2 ± 3.6 cystitis episodes in the previous year, with no differences between the 2 groups. The mean number of infections was lower in the propolis + cranberry group (respectively, 2.3 ± 1.8 vs. 3.1 ± 1.8). The total number of cystitis episodes in the first 3 months was lower in the propolis + cranberry group (0.7 ± 1.1 vs. 1.3 ± 1.1, p = 0.0257) after adjusting for water consumption. The mean time to onset of the first urinary tract infection (UTI) was also significantly longer in the propolis + cranberry group (69.9 ± 45.8 days vs. 43.3 ± 45.9, p = 0.0258). Tolerance to the treatments was good and comparable in both groups. Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time that cranberry and propolis supplementation significantly reduces the incidence of UTIs during the first 3 months and delays the onset of an episode of cystitis.
Cochlear Implant in the Elderly: Results in Terms of Speech Perception and Quality of Life
Authors: Forli Francesca , Lazzerini Francesco , Fortunato Susanna , Bruschini Luca , Berrettini Stefano
Published: May 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results after cochlear implant (CI) in elderly patients and to compare them to those obtained in younger adult patients. A possible correlation between the results in older CI recipients and some variables of the patients was also investigated. Methods: The sample consisted of 107 patients over 40 years of age at surgery divided into 3 subgroups according to age at implantation. Results in terms of speech perception in silence and with background noise were compared between the 3 groups. The patients also completed the Glasgow Benefits Inventory (GBI) questionnaire. Results: Older patients achieved significant benefits after CI with regard to speech perception in silence and with background noise. We also recorded benefits for the GBI. Discussion: In line with the literature, our data confirm that CI is an effective procedure also in elderly patients, conferring benefits in speech perception and quality of life.
Gender-Related Brain Activations during an Emotional Task: An fMRI Study
Authors: Thomas Maxence , Gaudeau-Bosma Christian , Bouaziz Noomane , Schenin-King Andrianisaina Palmyre , Benadhira René , Januel Dominique , Moulier Virginie
Published: May 2019

Background: Women have twice the rate of depression and anxiety disorders as men. Some studies suggest that this could be caused by women’s greater sensitivity to negative emotions. Few brain imaging studies have compared the brain activity of men to women during a presentation of emotional stimuli. Our objective was to investigate brain activations in men and women during an emotional task. We hypothesized that the pattern of brain activations would differ by gender and valence of the stimuli. Methods: We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in 30 healthy participants (15 men and 15 women). Positive, negative and neutral photographs were presented to the subjects. Participants subjectively rated the valence and intensity of the stimuli. Results: No significant gender-by-category interaction effect was observed for the intensity or valence of the stimuli. We found that, during the presentation of negative photographs, there was a higher activity in women’s right fusiform gyrus compared to men’s. Conclusion: Given the involvement of the fusiform gyrus in anxiety disorders, this study yields promising findings in order to better understand women’s vulnerability to anxiety disorders.
Modulating the Baseline Impedance
Authors: Shapira-Daniels Ayelet , Barkagan Michael , Rottmann Markus , Sroubek Jakub , Tugal Derin , Carlozzi Michael A. , McConville James W. , Buxton Alfred E. , Anter Elad
Published: May 2019

Background:

Radiofrequency ablation of intramural ventricular substrate is often limited by insufficient tissue penetration despite high energy settings. As lesion dimensions have a direct and negative relationship to impedance, reducing the baseline impedance may increase the ablation effect on deep ventricular tissue.

Methods:

This study included 16 patients with ventricular tachycardia or frequent ventricular premature complexes refractory to ablation with irrigated catheters. After a failed response to radiofrequency ablation, impedance was modulated by adding or repositioning return patches in an attempt to decrease the circuit impedance. Ablation was repeated at a similar location and power settings, and the effect on arrhythmia suppression and adverse effects were evaluated.

Results:

Six patients with idiopathic ventricular premature complexes originating from the left ventricular summit (n=4) or papillary muscles (n=2), 6 patients with noninfarct related ventricular tachycardia and 4 patients with infarct-related ventricular tachycardia had unsuccessful response to radiofrequency ablation at critical sites (number of applications: 10.4±3.1, power: 42.3±2.9 W, duration: 55.3±25.5 seconds, impedance reduction: 14.6±3.5 Ω, low-ionic solution was used in 81.25%). Modulating the return patches resulted in reduced baseline impedance (111.7±8.2 versus 134.7±6.6 Ω,
P
<0.0001), increased current output (0.6±0.02 versus 0.56±0.02 Amp;
P
<0.0001) and greater impedance drop (16.8±3.0 Ω,
P
<0.001). Repeat ablation at similar locations had a successful effect in 12 out of 16 (75.0%) patients. During a follow-up duration of 13±5 months, 10 out of 12 (83.3%) patients remained free of arrhythmia recurrence. The frequency of steam pops was similar between the higher and lower baseline impedance settings (7.1 versus 8.2%;
P
=0.74).

Conclusions:

In patients with deep ventricular substrate, reducing the baseline impedance is a simple, safe, and effective technique for increasing the effect of radiofrequency ablation. However, its combination with low-ionic solutions may increase the risk for steam pops and neurological events.
Blood Pressure–Lowering by the Antioxidant Resveratrol Is Counterintuitively Mediated by Oxidation of cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase
Authors: Prysyazhna Oleksandra , Wolhuter Kathryn , Switzer Christopher , Santos Celio , Yang Xiaoping , Lynham Steven , Shah Ajay M. , Eaton Philip , Burgoyne Joseph R.
Published: May 2019

Background:

The health-promoting and disease-limiting abilities of resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, has led to considerable interest in understanding the mechanisms of its therapeutic actions. The polyphenolic rings of resveratrol enable it to react with and detoxify otherwise injurious oxidants. Whilst the protective actions of resveratrol are commonly ascribed to its antioxidant activity, here we show that this is a misconception.

Methods:

The ability of resveratrol to oxidize cGMP-dependent PKG1α (protein kinase 1α) was assessed in isolated rat aortic smooth muscle cells, and the mechanism of action of this polyphenol was characterized using in vitro experiments, mass spectrometry and electron paramagnetic resonance. The blood pressure of wild-type and C42S knock-in mice was assessed using implanted telemetry probes. Mice were made hypertensive by administration of angiotensin II via osmotic mini-pumps and blood pressure monitored during 15 days of feeding with chow diet containing vehicle or resveratrol.

Results:

Oxidation of the phenolic rings of resveratrol paradoxically leads to oxidative modification of proteins, explained by formation of a reactive quinone that oxidizes the thiolate side chain of cysteine residues; events that were enhanced in cells under oxidative stress. Consistent with these observations and its ability to induce vasodilation, resveratrol induced oxidative activation of PKG1α and lowered blood pressure in hypertensive wild-type mice, but not C42S PKG1α knock-in mice that are resistant to disulfide activation.

Conclusions:

Resveratrol mediates lowering of blood pressure by paradoxically inducing protein oxidation, especially during times of oxidative stress, a mechanism that may be a common feature of antioxidant molecules.
Multi-Input, Multi-Output Neuronal Mode Network Approach to Modeling the Encoding Dynamics and Functional Connectivity of Neural Systems
Authors: Geng Kunling , Shin Dae C. , Song Dong , Hampson Robert E. , Deadwyler Samuel A. , Berger Theodore W. , Marmarelis Vasilis Z.
Published: May 2019

This letter proposes a novel method, multi-input, multi-output neuronal mode network (MIMO-NMN), for modeling encoding dynamics and functional connectivity in neural ensembles such as the hippocampus. Compared with conventional approaches such as the Volterra-Wiener model, linear-nonlinear-cascade (LNC) model, and generalized linear model (GLM), the NMN has several advantages in terms of estimation accuracy, model interpretation, and functional connectivity analysis. We point out the limitations of current neural spike modeling methods, especially the estimation biases caused by the imbalanced class problem when the number of zeros is significantly larger than ones in the spike data. We use synthetic data to test the performance of NMN with a comparison of the traditional methods, and the results indicate the NMN approach could reduce the imbalanced class problem and achieve better predictions. Subsequently, we apply the MIMO-NMN method to analyze data from the human hippocampus. The results indicate that the MIMO-NMN method is a promising approach to modeling neural dynamics and analyzing functional connectivity of multi-neuronal data.
Reproductive potential of South African thermophilic Meloidogyne populations, with special reference to Meloidogyne enterolobii
Authors: Rashidifard Milad , Marais Mariette , Daneel Mieke S. , Fourie Hendrika
Published: May 2019

Variability in the reproductive potential of Meloidogyne spp. is crucial to design suitable nematode management strategies. The reproductive potential of nine South African single-species Meloidogyne populations, M. enterolobii (5), M. incognita (2) and M. javanica (2), as well as three mixed-species communities (each containing two of the three species) were determined in glasshouse experiments. A mixed-species community of M. enterolobii and M. javanica had the highest reproductive potential (Rf = 15.7) in the initial experiment. For the repeat experiment, a single-species population of M. javanica was the most injurious (Rf = 19.1). Conversely, a single-species population of M. enterolobii had the lowest Rf values in the initial (Rf = 1.0) and repeat (Rf = 6.1) experiments. Substantial variation existed in terms of the reproductive potential of M. enterolobii single-species populations and mixed-species communities.
Sexual dimorphism in some morphological traits of three European millipedes (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)
Authors: Ilić Bojan S. , Vujić Vukica D. , Jovanović Zvezdana S. , Pavković-Lučić Sofija B. , Dudić Boris D. , Lučić Luka R. , Makarov Slobodan E.
Published: May 2019

Sexual size and shape dimorphism (SSD and SShD) are understudied phenomena in millipedes. In the present study, we investigated both kinds of sexual dimorphism in some morphological traits, as well as whether shape of the morphological traits varied more than their size. Three julidan species, viz., Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881), Megaphyllum unilineatum (C.L. Koch, 1838), and M. bosniense (Verhoeff, 1897), were used for these purposes. By means of traditional and geometric morphometrics, we found that SSD exists in linear measurements of the tested morphological traits, as well as SShD of the legs in all analysed species. Also, SSD of antennal centroid size was detected in P. hungaricus and M. unilineatum, in addition to SShD of antennae in P. hungaricus and M. bosniense. Our results indicate that morphological intersexual differences are species-specific and that the shape of some morphological traits varies more than the size of centroids of the same structures.
UTILITY AND JUSTICE: EPICURUS AND THE EPICUREAN TRADITION
Authors: Rosen F.
Published: May 2019

This article explores the relationship between utility and justice in the ancient Epicurean tradition, and as it developed in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries following the revival of Epicureanism in the writings of Pierre Gassendi. It focuses on the significance of various allusions to a line from Horace, ‘utilitas, justi prope mater et aequi’ (utility, the mother of justice and equity), which appeared in writings of Hugo Grotius, David Hume, and Jeremy Bentham, and was used to give utility a prominence in modem thought that it had not hitherto received. The article attempts to provide the context for Hume's belief in the Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals that the foundation of justice was utility and for Bentham placing utility at the foundation of his system.
The Place of Indigenous Languages in the Russian System of School Education: A Legal Analysis
Authors: Zmyvalova Ekaterina Andreyevna
Published: May 2019

There are 47 groups of indigenous peoples in Russia. Many languages of indigenous peoples are at the edge of extinction. From 1995 to 2010 the proportion of indigenous pupils among all indigenous peoples learning their mother tongue decreased by almost half. This article examines the legal regulation of the Russian system of school education and defines what place indigenous languages have in this system. The author comes to the conclusion that realising the right of indigenous children to learn their mother tongue in Russia is complicated by many factors of both legal and non-legal character.
Comparison of the Nordic Chairmanship Programmes and the Outputs of the Arctic Council in 2000–2013
Authors: Kovari Paula
Published: May 2019

The impacts of climate change as well as the increase of economic activities call for effective governance of the Arctic Region. The Arctic Council is the predominant intergovernmental forum in the region. The rotating chairmanships of the Member States have a defining role in the work of the Council. This paper compares the Arctic Council chairmanship programmes of the five Nordic Countries with the organisation’s outputs following the two-year chairmanship periods as expressed in the ministerial Declarations and the SAOs’ reports. The paper finds that the discourse on the studied topics has developed greatly over time and despite the similarities between the countries’ foreign politics in general, there are some notable differences in the way the countries see the future of the Arctic – for example through the region’s vast natural resources or as a unique environment of the Arctic biodiversity. The conclusion of this research is that even though the chair cannot take all the credit for its accomplishments during the chairmanship period in question, nor can it be blamed for all possible failures, the chair’s work does leave its mark on the Arctic Council’s performance.
The Hijra in French Salafism: A Quest for Purity Through Religious Migration
Authors: Adraoui Mohamed-Ali
Published: May 2019

This article reports the results of an ethnographic study of migration patterns (al‐Hijra) in French Salafist communities. The study reveals the break that Salafist believers attempt to achieve with their social and cultural environment after they embrace this puritanical, hard‐line form of Islam. For Salafists, migration represents a physical and above all moral exile that begins before converts depart for predominantly Muslim countries. Indeed, the migration process begins gradually as believers seek to distance themselves from ‘sources of perversion’ in France that Salafists oppose.
Al-Shaybānī and Contemporary Renunciant Piety
Authors: Melchert Christopher
Published: May 2019

Renunciation (zuhd) was a major part of the social and intellectual background of jurists’ circles during the formative period of Ḥanafi legal doctrine. Accordingly, the works attributed to Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-Shaybānī (d. 189/804-5) touch on renunciant concerns, especially the incomplete Kitāb al-Kasb (Book of Gain). A discussion of al-Shaybānī’s views on renunciation together with comments taken from other renunciant literature shows that, although he affirms some renunciant values, he usually seems to uphold a more world-embracing piety. This puts al-Shaybānī in opposition to a section of the nascent school favouring more extreme forms, such as the repudiation of gain (inkār al‑kasb).
A Lacuna in the New Imām University Edition of al-Basīṭ: A Critical Edition of Q 4:41-53 and a Review
Authors: Saleh Walid A. , Ally Shuaib
Published: May 2019

One of the masterpieces of the medieval Qurʾān commentary tradition is al-Basīṭ by the Nishapuri philologist and Qurʾān scholar, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Wāḥidī (d. 468/1076). It was the first Qurʾān commentary to start quoting Sībawayhi (d. ca. 180/796) extensively; it was also the first to position al-Zajjāj (d. 311/923) as a central authority in Qurʾān exegesis (tafsīr), a process already started by al-Wāḥidī’s teacher al-Thaʿlabī (d. 427/1035). Al-Basīṭ is a massive Qurʾān commentary, by any standard. The critical Imām University Edition of 2009 spans twenty-five volumes. It is rather unfortunate that this edition has left the task of studying the manuscript transmission of the work out of the picture. As a result, there is a lacuna in the edition covering verses Q 4:41-53, a substantial portion. In this article, an overview of the transmission history of the work is presented, followed by a critical edition of the missing part.
Rails (Rallidae: Gallirallus) from prehistoric archaeological sites in Western Oceania
Authors: KIRCHMAN JEREMY J. , STEADMAN DAVID W.
Published: May 2019

We evaluate the species-level systematics of 1336 bones of Gallirallus (Aves: Rallidae) from Pleistocene and Holocene archaeological sites in the Mariana Islands (Micronesia) and the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands (Melanesia) and describe four new species. In the Marianas, sites on Rota, Aguiguan, Tinian, and Saipan have yielded 15, 219, 1047, and 16 bones, respectively, that we refer to Gallirallus. We describe the bones from three islands as the new species G. temptatus (Rota), G. pisonii (Aguiguan), and G. pendiculentus (Tinian). Each species is presumed endemic to each island and probably evolved from colonizations by extant, volant G. philippensis. They vary in the reduction of pectoral and wing elements relative to leg elements, and thus in their degree of flightlessness. The limited material from Saipan we cannot distinguish reliably from that of G. philippensis, which is widespread in Melanesia and Polynesia but occurs today in Micronesia only on Palau. Twenty-one fragmentary bones of Gallirallus from four Pleistocene cave sites on New Ireland (Bismarcks) are described as a new, possibly flightless species, G. ernstmayri. One Pleistocene cave site on Buka (Solomons) revealed 18 specimens that we refer to Gallirallus woodfordi and G. rovianae, which occur today in the Solomons. These descriptions of rail bones from Western Oceania bring the total number of fossil (prehistorically extinct) Gallirallus species to eleven.
First record of the Dollman’s tree mouse (Prionomys batesi; Mammalia: Nesomyidae) in the Republic of Congo and additional description of this rare Central African rodent
Authors: DENYS CHRISTIANE , COLYN MARC , NICOLAS VIOLAINE
Published: May 2019

We present new data on the poorly known rodent Prionomys batesi Dollman, 1910. Recently, five specimens of this species were collected in Odzala National Park, which represent the first record of this species in Republic of Congo. These new captures, combined with the preparation of 15 specimens from Central African Republic allowed us to complete the morphological description of the species as well as, for the first time, to document intraspecific variability. This species is actually known from three countries (Cameroon, Central African Republic and Republic of Congo) and four localities (Bitye, Obala, La Maboké and Odzala). It seems to be restricted to areas of forest-savannah mosaic where the forest is actually colonising the savannah.
Haliclona (Reniera) portroyalensis n. sp., a new chalinid sponge (Porifera, Demospongiae, Haplosclerida) from the southeast coast of Jamaica
Authors: JACKSON CELIA P.J. , DE WEERDT WALLIE H. , WEBBER MONA K.
Published: May 2019

A new demosponge species of the order Haplosclerida, growing on mangrove roots in Port Royal, southeast coast Jamaica, is described as Haliclona (Reniera) portroyalensis n. sp. A short overview of previous work on Chalinidae and on Jamaican sponges is given, and we discuss how the new species differs from other member of the genus and subgenus. The holotype is purple alive and beige when preserved in alcohol. It has digitate and bulbous processes with scattered oscula, some laterally plush, and measuring 2–3 mm with larger ones up to 6 mm on the bulbous areas. The consistency is soft, and it is easily torn, but resilient. The megascleres, oxeas are straight to slightly curved with short conical points. The only microscleres are toxas which are of varying lengths numerous and distributed throughout the ectosome and choanosome.
Two new genera and two new species of troglobitic false spider crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae) from Indonesia, with notes on Cancrocaeca Ng, 1991
Authors: NARUSE TOHRU , NG PETER K. L. , GUINOT DANIÈLE
Published: May 2019

Sulaplax gen. nov. and Guaplax gen. nov. are established for two new species of cave-dwelling false spider crabs (Hymenosomatidae) from Muna Island, Sulawesi Tenggara, and Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia, respectively. Sulaplax ensifer spec. nov. and Guaplax denticulata spec. nov. are distinguished from each other by carapace, rostral, pereopodal, abdominal and male gonopodal characters. Sulaplax and Guaplax share with Cancrocaeca Ng, 1991, another troglobitic hymenosomatid, cave-adapted characters like reduced eyes, pale coloration and slender ambulatory legs. However, the gonopods, abdomens and egg-brooding features of Sulaplax and Guaplax are closer to those of the epigeal Neorhynchoplax Sakai, 1938, whereas those of Cancrocaeca are closer to those of the epigeal Limnopilos Chuang & Ng, 1991, and Hymenicoides Kemp, 1917. It appears that the hypogeal lifestyles of Sulaplax-Guaplax and Cancrocaeca species have resulted in many convergent characters.
A new species of Filispirifer (Brachiopoda: Delthyridoidea) from the Dra Valley, Morocco (Lower Devonian)
Authors: SCHEMM-GREGORY MENA
Published: May 2019

A new species of Filispirifer is described from the Lower Devonian Assa Formation of the Dra Valley (Morocco). Filispirifer hamadae n. sp. differs from the other taxa of Filispirifer in having a smaller shell, fewer costae, a lower ventral interarea, a smaller ventral process, and a less conspicuous dorsal adductor field. Due to their micro-ornamentation, the capillate Rhenish delthyridoid genera, Filispirifer and Mauispirifer, are excluded from the fimbriate family Acrospiriferidae and put together in the new family Filispiriferidae. The evolutionary lineage of Filispirifer and its palaeobiogeographic occurrence are briefly described.
Ciallusiidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata), a monotypic family from deeper waters of the tropical Indo-West Pacific
Authors: KOTT PATRICIA
Published: May 2019

Ciallusia longa Van Name, 1918, the type species of the family Ciallusiidae is confirmed as a junior synonym of Pterygascidia mirabilis Sluiter, 1904. Although relationships with Ciona and Perophora have successively been proposed, examination of 12 newly recorded specimens from the northwestern coast of Western Australia, together with a review of documented specimens, demonstrate a relationship with the Phlebobranchia. As in many Phlebobranchia, the taxon has a large, flat branchial sac, simple branchial tentacles, translucent gelatinous test, specialisation of muscles into long rows of bundles of short parallel bands and a straight gut. However, rather than Corellidae (as Sluiter had proposed on the basis of the lack of ciliated epithelium lining the pharyngeal perforations) the family most closely related appears to be the family Agneziidae (see Huus 1936 and Kott 1985) which has dorsal languets. The newly recorded specimens extend the known geographic range of this species from the tropical western Pacific to the Indian Ocean.
Morphological variation in Xenoxybelis boulengeri (Procter, 1923) (Serpentes, Xenodontinae, Philodryadini)
Authors: DA COSTA PRUDENTE ANA LÚCIA , DA SILVA MÁRCIO ANDRÉ AMORIM , DA ROCHA WÁLDIMA ALVES , FRANCO FRANCISCO LUÍS
Published: May 2019

The genus Xenoxybelis contains two species, X. argenteus and X. boulengeri, characterized by semi-arboreal habits and an extremely thin rostral area, classified in the subfamily Xenodontinae (Colubridae). Xenoxybelis boulengeri is considered a rare species and is poorly represented in scientific collections. Its external morphology is known only from the original description and seven other specimens. In this study, twenty additional specimens were examined from the Brazilian states of Acre, Amazonas and Rondônia. Variation in meristic and morphometric characters are described, and new characters are incorporated in a revised diagnosis of the species. Illustrations and a description of the hemipenes of X. boulengeri are presented for the first time. Analysis of morphological and molecular characters permit allocation of Xenoxybelis to the tribe Phylodryadini, together with Ditaxodon, Philodryas, Pseudablabes and Tropidodryas.
A new species of the genus Lepidocyrtoides (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Australia
Authors: LIU LI , CHEN JIAN-XIU , GREENSLADE PENELOPE
Published: May 2019

Lepidocyrtoides oliveri, a new Australian species, is described in the present paper. It can be diagnosed by the presence of 2–4 supplementary setae on labial triangular area and 3+3 dorsal macrochaetae on Abd. I. The supplementary setae on labial triangular area are always absent in eleven members of the genus and unknown in other three species. The dorsal macrochaetae on Abd. I are absent in nine members of the genus and unknown in 5 species. A new taxonomically useful character, bothriotrichial complex, is introduced into the taxonomy of the genus. A species list and a key to Australia species of the genus are provided.
Five new species of Chromagallia from South America (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Agalliinae)
Authors: GONÇALVES ANA CLARA , MEJDALANI GABRIEL , COSTA LUIZ ALVES
Published: May 2019

Five new species of Chromagallia Linnavuori, 1954, C. lamasi sp. nov., C. carvalhoi sp. nov., C. zanolae sp. nov., C. lanceolata sp. nov. (all from Brazil) and C. paraguayensis sp. nov. (Paraguay, new country record), are described and illustrated. These species can be distinguished mainly by the aedeagal and pygofer morphology. Agallia longistilata Coelho & Dutra, 1992 is transferred to Chromagallia and newly recorded from Paraná State, southern Brazil. By the addition of these taxa, the number of Chromagallia species is increased to eight, with seven of them occurring in Brazil. The female genitalia in Chromagallia are described and illustrated in detail for the first time. A key to the species and taxonomic notes on the genus are provided.
Taxonomy of the African army ant Dorylus gribodoi Emery, 1892 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - new insights from DNA sequence data and morphology
Authors: SCHÖNING CASPAR , GOTWALD JR. WILLIAM H. , KRONAUER DANIEL J. C. , VILHELMSEN LARS
Published: May 2019

Numerous species in the Old World army ant genus Dorylus have been described based on a single sex or caste. Our analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene sequences of specimens from the same population reveals that D. gribodoi Emery males are conspecific with D. gerstaeckeri Emery workers, rendering D. gerstaeckeri a junior synonym of D. gribodoi. Dorylus gribodoi var. insularis Santschi, D. gribodoi var. confusus Santschi and Dorylus lamottei Bernard are also synonymized under D. gribodoi. A description of the D. gribodoi queen, which was collected together with workers from a nest in Ivory Coast, is provided. Dorylus gerstaeckeri st. quadratus Santschi is shown to be distinct from D. gribodoi and synonymised under Dorylus kohli Wasmann. Similar studies examining the relationship between species described based on males and others described based on workers are needed to clarify the formidable taxonomic confusion in the ecologically important but little-studied genus Dorylus.
Bubastoides kadleci sp. nov. from Yemen (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Bubastini)
Authors: BÍLÝ SVATOPLUK
Published: May 2019

Kerremans (1909) described the strange buprestid genus Bubastoides Kerremans, 1909 (type species: B. argodi Kerremans, 1909, by monotypy) from Somalia, which was later (Obenberger, 1920a) attributed to the Australian tribe Bubastini Obenberger, 1920 together with the genera Bubastes Laporte & Gory, 1836, Eububastes Obenberger, 1930, Euryspilus Lacordaire, 1857, Neobubastes Blackburn, 1892, Neurybia Théry, 1910, Notobubastes Carter, 1924, Paratassa Marseul, 1882, Schoutedenia Obenberger, 1924 and Strandiola Obenberger, 1920. Some of these genera were later synonymised with other taxa or transferred to different tribes so that the tribe Bubastini comprises at present (Bellamy, 2003) only the genera Bubastes, Bubastoides, Euryspilus, Microcastalia Heller, 1891, Notobubastes and Strandiola.
An account on the Orthoptera from Siargao Island (Southeast Asia: Philippines: Mindanao)
Authors: TAN MING KAI , BAROGA-BARBECHO JESSICA B. , YAP SHERYL A.
Published: May 2019

Siargao Island is located on the southeastern part of the Philippines. We have very little knowledge on the Orthoptera from this island which is covered with forest over limestone, open vegetation, and mangrove, despite being designated as one of the terrestrial Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) in the Philippines. We conducted surveys in 2018 to search for orthopterans. In total, thirty-seven species from 34 genera were found. Seventeen species are recorded in Siargao Island for the first time, representing 45.9% of all collected species, thus, validating that orthopterans in the island are indeed overlooked. Out of the 37 species, 21 of these are endemic to the Philippines and 9 are endemic to Siargao Island, hence suggesting that species on the island can be biologically significant..                We also observed that a huge proportion of the species in Siargao Island are fully winged and capable of flight, but most species are small sized. We also provide taxonomic notes and illustrations, including descriptions of the male Segestidea punctipennis Bolívar, 1903 and female Eumecopoda reducta Hebard, 1922 for the first time. We inferred that species from Siargao Island are closely associated with Sundaland and for within Philippines, Mindanao and Luzon.
Revision of the genus Sinocyrtaspis Liu, 2000 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae)
Authors: WANG TAO , SHI FUMING , CHANG YANLIN
Published: May 2019

The genus Sinocyrtaspis Liu, 2000 is revised. The characteristics, male pronotum strongly raised and prolonged at metazona as well as paranota after posterior transverse sulcus extended, are the main diagnostic characters. Two species are described as new: Sinocyrtaspis hengshanensis sp. nov. and Sinocyrtaspis cardia sp. nov. A key to the species (males) and distribution map are given.
A new species of Cylloceria Schiødte, 1838 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from the Oriental Region
Authors: LIU JING-XIAN , RESHCHIKOV ALEXEY
Published: May 2019

A new species of the genus Cylloceria Schiødte, 1838 from Thailand and Myanmar, Cylloceria ebbae sp. nov. is described and illustrated. This is the second species of this genus described from the Oriental region.
Discordance in Clinical Recommendations Regarding the Use of Imaging
Authors: Powell Adam C. , Rogstad Teresa L. , Winchester David E. , Shanser Jon D. , Long James W. , Deshmukh Uday U. , Rao Vijay M.
Published: May 2019

As physicians strive to provide evidence-based care, challenges arise if different entities disseminate divergent Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) or clinical guidelines on the same topic. To characterize these challenges in one field, this study reviews the literature on comparisons of clinical recommendations regarding medical imaging. The PubMed database was searched for the years 2013-2018 for studies describing discordance among clinical recommendations regarding the performance of imaging. Of the 406 articles identified, 15 met the selection criteria: 8 qualitative and 7 quantitative. Reasons for discordance varied, with lack of evidence often cited. Quantitative studies often found that different decisions would be reached depending on the clinical recommendation followed. Nonetheless, quantitative studies also tended not to consider one set of recommendations superior to another. The findings of this review might help clinicians seek guidance more thoughtfully and could inform use of guidelines and AUC for quality improvement and clinical decision support.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 regulates hypoxia-induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway mediated by cytochrome c oxidase subunit II
Authors: Xiang Fei , Ma Si-yuan , Lv Yan-ling , Zhang Dong-xia , Song Hua-pei , Huang Yue-sheng
Published: May 2019

Background

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) plays a protective effect in hypoxic cardiomyocytes, but the precise mechanisms are not well clarified. The study is aimed to identify the mechanism of TRAP1 on hypoxic damage in cardiomyocytes.

Methods

In this study, the effects of TRAP1 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COXII) on apoptosis in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes were explored using overexpression and knockdown methods separately.

Results

Hypoxia induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and TRAP1 overexpression notably inhibited apoptosis induced by hypoxia. Conversely, TRAP1 silencing promoted apoptosis in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Further investigation revealed that the proapoptotic effects caused by the silencing of TRAP1 were prevented by COXII overexpression, whereas COXII knockdown reduced the antiapoptotic function induced by TRAP1 overexpression. Additionally, changes in the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol and the caspase-3 activity in the cytoplasm, as well as reactive oxygen species production, were found to be correlated with the changes in apoptosis.

Conclusions

The current study uncovered that TRAP1 regulates hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway mediated by COXII, in which reactive oxygen species presents as an important component.