bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning and Machine Learning for Malaria Detection: Overview, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Jdey Imen , Hcini Ghazala , Ltifi Hela
Published: June 2023

Public health initiatives must be made using evidence-based decision-making to have the greatest impact. Machine learning algorithms are created to gather, store, process, and analyze data to provide knowledge and guide decisions. A crucial part of any surveillance system is image analysis. The communities of computer vision and machine learning have become curious about it as of late. This study uses a variety of machine learning, and image processing approaches to detect and forecast malarial illness. In our research, we discovered the potential of deep learning techniques as innovative tools with a broader applicability for malaria detection, which benefits physicians by assisting in the diagnosis of the condition. We investigate the common confinements of deep learning for computer frameworks and organizing, including the requirement for data preparation, preparation overhead, real-time execution, and explaining ability, and uncover future inquiries about bearings focusing on these constraints.
Effective Video Event Detection Using Optimized Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network
Authors: Alamuru Susmitha , Jain Sanjay
Published: June 2023

In recent times, video event detection gained high attention in the researcher’s community, because of its widespread applications. In this paper, a new model is proposed for detecting different human actions in the video sequences. First, the videos are acquired from the University of Central Florida (UCF) 101, Human Motion Database (HMDB) 51 and Columbia Consumer Video (CCV) datasets. In addition, the DenseNet201 model is implemented for extracting deep feature values from the acquired datasets. Further, the Improved Gray Wolf Optimization (IGWO) algorithm is developed for selecting active/relevant feature values that effectively improve the computational time and system complexity. In the IGWO, leader enhancement and competitive strategies are employed to improve the convergence rate and to prevent the algorithm from falling into the local optima. Finally, the Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) network is used for event classification (101 action types in UCF101, 51 action types in HMDB51, and 20 action types in CCV). In the resulting phase, the IGWO-based BiLSTM network achieved 94.73%, 96.53%, and 93.91% accuracy on the UCF101, HMDB51, and CCV datasets.
A Variational Formulation of Physics-Informed Neural Network for the Applications of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Material Properties Identification
Authors: Liu Chuang , Wu Heng An
Published: June 2023

A new approach for solving computational mechanics problems using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) is proposed. Variational forms of residuals for the governing equations of solid mechanics are utilized, and the residual is evaluated over the entire computational domain by employing domain decomposition and polynomials test functions. A parameter network is introduced and initial and boundary conditions, as well as data mismatch, are incorporated into a total loss function using a weighted summation. The accuracy of the model in solving forward problems of solid mechanics is demonstrated to be higher than that of the finite element method (FEM). Furthermore, homogeneous and heterogeneous material distributions can be effectively captured by the model using limited observations, such as strain components. This contribution is significant for potential applications in non-destructive evaluation, where obtaining detailed information about the material properties is difficult.
Moving Load Analysis of Laminated Porous Micro Beams Resting on Elastic Foundation
Authors: Akbaş Şeref Doğuşcan
Published: June 2023

This research highlights dynamic displacements of laminated porous micro beams resting on elastic foundation under moving load. In the constituted equation of laminated micro scaled beam, the modified coupled stress theory is used in order to determine the size effect. Each layer is considered as identical and porosity distribution and assumed as uniform. Lagrange technique is applied in achieving governing equations, and Ritz method within algebraic polynomials is used for solution. For dynamic solution steps, Newmark average acceleration method is used within time domain. Influences of porosity coefficients, length scale parameter, foundation parameter, order of laminas, fiber orientation angles on dynamically deflections of laminated micro beam are investigated.
A Composite Analogy to Study the Linear Elasticity of a Pressurized Latex Tube with Application to a Mechanical Vocal Fold Replica
Authors: Van Hirtum Annemie , Ahmad Mohammad , Chottin Raphal , Pelorson Xavier
Published: June 2023

Mechanical deformable vocal fold replicas are an inherent part of physical studies of the fluid–structure interaction underlying vocal folds auto-oscillation during voiced speech sound production. In this context, the current work considers the linear stress–strain characterization of a pressurized latex tube vocal fold replica. An imaging approach is developed to measure the effective low-strain linear Young’s moduli along the streamwise (49[Formula: see text]kPa) and transverse main auto-oscillation (44[Formula: see text]kPa) directions. Next, a composite analogy is proposed to model the replica’s structure as an equivalent de-homogenized multi-layer material with two, three or four layers. This way equivalent low-strain Young’s moduli of each equivalent single layer can be estimated. Both measured effective and modeled equivalent low-strain Young’s moduli are within the range up to 65 kPa associated with human vocal folds. Resulting equivalent composite representations are of interest for the future design of pressurized latex tube replicas. This is illustrated considering the influence of outer layer latex properties on the overall estimate of the effective Young’s modulus. The proposed analogy is thus efficient in contributing to the direct comparison, in terms of low-strain elastic behavior, between replicas.
New characterizations of quasi-Frobenius rings
Authors: Thuyet Le Van , Diallo Abdoul Djibril , Diop Papa Cheikhou , Quynh Truong Cong
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we firstly provide several new characterizations of quasi-Frobenius rings by using some generalized injectivity of rings with certain chain conditions. For example, [Formula: see text] a ring [Formula: see text] is quasi-Frobenius if and only if [Formula: see text] is right [Formula: see text], right minfull with ACC on right annihilators; [Formula: see text] a ring [Formula: see text] is quasi-Frobenius if and only if [Formula: see text] is two-sided min-CS with ACC on right annihilators in which [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] a ring [Formula: see text] is quasi-Frobenius if and only if [Formula: see text] is right Johns left [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] a ring [Formula: see text] is quasi-Frobenius if and only if [Formula: see text] is quasi-dual two-sided [Formula: see text] with ACC on right annihilators. Moreover, it is shown that a ring [Formula: see text] is quasi-Frobenius if and only if [Formula: see text] is a left [Formula: see text]-injective left IN-ring with right RMC and [Formula: see text]. Also, we prove that if [Formula: see text] is a right duo, right QF-[Formula: see text] left quasi-duo ring satisfying ACC on right annihilators, then [Formula: see text] is quasi-Frobenius. In this paper, several known results on quasi-Frobenius rings are reproved as corollaries.
Structural, NBO, HOMO-LUMO Analysis Using DFT and Molecular Docking Analysis of Bioactive 3,4-Difluoroacetophenone-Thiosemicarbazone as a Potential Anticancer Agent
Authors: Rani Varsha , Pal Singh Beer , Kumar Anuj
Published: June 2023

The thiosemicarbazone moiety serves as a structural template for the synthesis of a wide variety of N- and S-containing heterocyclic compounds which have proven in-vitro antitumor activity against A549 and MCF-7 cell lines and normal breast and lung cells. In this study, we have reported comprehensive theoretical studies using density functional theory (DFT) on molecular structure, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), Natural Bond Analysis (NBO) and HOMO-LUMO analysis of an important thiosemicarbazone compound 3,4-difluoroacetophenone-thiosemicarbazone (DFAT). Pale yellow crystals were recently synthesized by mixing of 3,4-difluoroacetophenone and thiosemicabazide ethanolic solution and then crystallized by slow evaporation process. Anti-tumor activity of DFAT ligand was explained in terms of intra-molecular charge delocalization which gives insight into inter and intra-molecular interactions. Molecular docking studies of DFAT verified its inhibitory nature against 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1) (PDB ID: 3HB5) protein associated with cancer disease. From docking studies, it is found that the titled molecule exhibits a maximum binding affinity of −5.9[Formula: see text]kcal/mol with respect to the target protein. Three hydrogen bonds were formed with residues SER11 having the bond distances 3.00[Formula: see text]Å, 2.50[Formula: see text]Å and 2.34[Formula: see text]Å respectively. The DFAT molecule also shows hydrogen bonding with ASP65, THR190 and GLY15 residue with a bond distance 2.02[Formula: see text]Å, 2.05[Formula: see text]Å and 1.83[Formula: see text]Å respectively. A comparative study of the titled molecule with other several thiosemicarbazone derivatives shows that DFAT has good binding affinity than that of referenced drugs and can be used as a more potent active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) for cancer treatment.
An Economic Evaluation of the Rural Drinking Water Fee Using the System Dynamics Method
Authors: Nozari Hamed , Mohamadi Mohamad , Marofi Safar , Ahadiiman Ahad
Published: June 2023

In this research, the system dynamics method was applied to investigate the effect of technical and economic parameters on the water fee and provide a solution to find the actual price of water. To assess the performance of the simulated model, the financial balance and explanatory notes of the Rural Water and Wastewater Company of Hamedan province were used from 2011 to 2016. Comparing the simulation results and observational data, the correlation coefficient and normalized root mean square error indexes were obtained at 0.99% and 4%, respectively. The results indicated that despite raising the water fee in recent years, the company’s financial balance was negative, the balance diagram further declined over time, and the company losses increased. Sensitivity analysis showed that the fund balance of the company was more water fee-sensitive and its sensitivity to the time had an increasing trend. However, an increase in the water fee has no remarkable effect on the customer’s willingness to pay for the water. In addition, Powell’s optimization algorithm suggested the lowest water fee to prevent a negative fund balance in the company.
Policy Note: Why Irrigation Water Pricing is Difficult
Authors: Hellegers Petra , Davidson Brian
Published: June 2023

Could irrigation water pricing be reformed so that the practice of irrigation is less harmful? Answering this question requires insights into how water pricing reform works for different irrigators/crops each with its own price elasticity of irrigation water demand and water supply, and into the political complexity of irrigation water pricing reform. In particular, the full benefits and costs associated with irrigation are an important, but often inadequately understood, element in irrigation water pricing reform. In this paper, these insights are investigated using the theoretical concepts of supply and demand. It is shown that the market cannot provide the full benefits from irrigation and ignores the full costs. It is also shown that the shape of the irrigation water supply and demand schedules, the current equilibrium position and the size of the charge required to get to a socially optimum position all work against irrigation water pricing as a tool that can be used to reduce demand. These concepts can be used to assess the implications of irrigation pricing reform comprehensively, explicitly and consistently, so that the implicit subsidies and externalities become visible.
The Multi-Rational Wave Solutions for (3+1)-Dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli Equations with Variable Coefficients
Authors: Jisha C. R. , Rashid A.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we presented the multi-rational solution of the time-dependent [Formula: see text]-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli (BLMP) equations. We have used the generalized unified technique to construct multi-rational wave solutions for the BLMP equations. We included the representative solution plots corresponding to designated arbitrary functions in the solutions, which provide a physical insight about the structure of the solution. The interaction solution among lump wave, 1-soliton and periodic wave is presented. The breather-wave solution is obtained. Dynamical behavior is shown by abundant 3D, density and contour plot.
Causality and Correlation Graph Modeling for Effective and Explainable Session-Based Recommendation
Authors: Wu Huizi , Geng Cong , Fang Hui
Published: June 2023

Session-based recommendation, which has witnessed a booming interest recently, focuses on predicting a user’s next interested item(s) based on an anonymous session. Most existing studies adopt complex deep learning techniques (e.g., graph neural networks) for effective session-based recommendation. However, they merely address
co-occurrence
between items, but fail to distinguish a
causality
and
correlation
relationship. Considering the varied interpretations and characteristics of causality and correlation relationships between items, in this study, we propose a novel method denoted as CGSR by jointly modeling causality and correlation relationships between items. In particular, we construct cause, effect, and correlation graphs from sessions by simultaneously considering the false causality problem. We further design a graph neural network–based method for session-based recommendation. To conclude, we strive to explore the relationship between items from specific “causality” (directed) and “correlation” (undirected) perspectives. Extensive experiments on three datasets show that our model outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in terms of recommendation accuracy. Moreover, we further propose an explainable framework on CGSR and demonstrate the explainability of our model via case studies on an Amazon dataset.
The Effect of Reducing Agent for Synthesizing Palladium Nanoparticle on Carbon Nanotube Support and Its Superior Catalytic Activity towards Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Yasmin Sabina , Kabir Md Humayun , Roy Nipa , Jeon Seungwon
Published: June 2023

In this report, we have synthesized carbon nanotube supported palladium nanoparticles (CNT-Pd) by using different reducing agents such as sodium borohydride (SBH), hydrazine monohydrate (HY) and ascorbic acid (AA) for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline media. The elemental and morphological properties of all catalysts are verified by HRTEM, XPS, and XRD. From the HRTEM images, it is found that CNT-Pd reduced by sodium borohydride CNT-Pd (SBH) exhibited a narrow size distribution of Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) with an average size of 3.15 nm. The role of the reducing agents (SBH, HY, and AA) is investigated by applying them as anode catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and it is found that the reducing agent remarkably affected the electrochemical activities. CNT-Pd (SBH) catalysts show the superior catalytic activity and durability towards MOR among all catalysts, which may be due to the Pd NPs in CNT-Pd (SBH) having a perfect crystal structure with a narrow size distribution.
Activating transcription factor 4 regulates mitochondrial content, morphology, and function in differentiating skeletal muscle myotubes
Authors: Memme Jonathan M. , Sanfrancesco Victoria C. , Hood David A.
Published: June 2023

Mitochondrial function is widely recognized as a major determinant of health, emphasizing the importance of understanding the mechanisms promoting mitochondrial quality in various tissues. Recently, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) has come into focus as a modulator of mitochondrial homeostasis, particularly in stress conditions. In muscle, the necessity for activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and its role in regulating mitochondrial quality control (MQC) have yet to be determined. We overexpressed (OE) and knocked down ATF4 in C2C12 myoblasts, differentiated them to myotubes for 5 days, and subjected them to acute (ACA) or chronic (CCA) contractile activity. ATF4 mediated myotube formation through the regulated expression of myogenic factors, mainly Myc and myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), and suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis basally through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1α). However, our data also show that ATF4 expression levels are directly related to mitochondrial fusion and dynamics, UPRmt activation, as well as lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Thus, ATF4 promoted enhanced mitochondrial networking, protein handling, and the capacity for clearance of dysfunctional organelles under stress conditions, despite lower levels of mitophagy flux with OE. Indeed, we found that ATF4 promoted the formation of a smaller pool of high-functioning mitochondria that are more responsive to contractile activity and have higher oxygen consumption rates and lower reactive oxygen species levels. These data provide evidence that ATF4 is both necessary and sufficient for mitochondrial quality control and adaptation during both differentiation and contractile activity, thus advancing the current understanding of ATF4 beyond its canonical functions to include the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, lysosomal biogenesis, and mitophagy in muscle cells.
Pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches of acute-to-chronic liver failure
Authors: Schierwagen Robert , Gu Wenyi , Brieger Angela , Brüne Bernhard , Ciesek Sandra , Đikić Ivan , Dimmeler Stefanie , Geisslinger Gerd , Greten Florian R. , Hermann Eva , Hildt Eberhard , Kempf Volkhard A. J. , Klein Sabine , Koch Ina , Mühl Heiko , Müller Volker , Peiffer Kai-Henrik , Kestner Roxane-Isabelle , Piiper Albrecht , Rohde Gernot , Scholich Klaus , Schulz Marcel H. , Storf Holger , Toptan Tuna , Vasa-Nicotera Mariuca , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Weigert Andreas , Wild Peter J. , Zeuzem Stefan , Engelmann Cornelius ,   ACLF-I Investigators,, Schaefer Liliana , Welsch Christoph , Trebicka Jonel
Published: June 2023

Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of all chronic liver diseases and contributes significantly to overall mortality of 2% globally. The age-standardized mortality from liver cirrhosis in Europe is between 10 and 20% and can be explained by not only the development of liver cancer but also the acute deterioration in the patient’s overall condition. The development of complications including accumulation of fluid in the abdomen (ascites), bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract (variceal bleeding), bacterial infections, or a decrease in brain function (hepatic encephalopathy) define an acute decompensation that requires therapy and often leads to acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) by different precipitating events. However, due to its complexity and organ-spanning nature, the pathogenesis of ACLF is poorly understood, and the common underlying mechanisms leading to the development of organ dysfunction or failure in ACLF are still elusive. Apart from general intensive care interventions, there are no specific therapy options for ACLF. Liver transplantation is often not possible in these patients due to contraindications and a lack of prioritization. In this review, we describe the framework of the ACLF-I project consortium funded by the Hessian Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts (HMWK) based on existing findings and will provide answers to these open questions.
Effects of temperature on action potentials and ion conductances in type II taste-bud cells
Authors: Ma Zhongming , Paudel Usha , Foskett J. Kevin
Published: June 2023

The temperature of food affects how it tastes. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved are not well understood, particularly whether the physiology of taste-bud cells in the mouth is involved. Here we show that the electrical activity of type II taste-bud cells that sense sweet, bitter, and umami substances is strongly influenced by temperature. These results suggest a mechanism for the influence of temperature on the intensity of taste perception that resides in taste buds themselves.
The hypothalamus as a key regulator of glucose homeostasis: emerging roles of the brain renin-angiotensin system
Authors: Pan Shiyue , Worker Caleb J. , Feng Earley Yumei
Published: June 2023

The regulation of plasma glucose levels is a complex and multifactorial process involving a network of receptors and signaling pathways across numerous organs that act in concert to ensure homeostasis. However, much about the mechanisms and pathways by which the brain regulates glycemic homeostasis remains poorly understood. Understanding the precise mechanisms and circuits employed by the central nervous system to control glucose is critical to resolving the diabetes epidemic. The hypothalamus, a key integrative center within the central nervous system, has recently emerged as a critical site in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of the hypothalamus in regulating glucose homeostasis, with an emphasis on the paraventricular nucleus, the arcuate nucleus, the ventromedial hypothalamus, and lateral hypothalamus. In particular, we highlight the emerging role of the brain renin-angiotensin system in the hypothalamus in regulating energy expenditure and metabolic rate, as well as its potential importance in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
Ponderings on peer review: Part I. Basic principles
Authors: Seals Douglas R.
Published: June 2023

In Part 1 of this Perspective, I share my thoughts on several basic principles of scientific peer review for early career-stage investigators. I begin by defining scientific peer review and its primary goals and briefly discuss the historical development of peer review. I then describe the reputed benefits of the process for science and society. Next, I characterize the “2-stage” structure of peer review, as well as the most prevalent evaluation formats used for determining scientific merit of peer-reviewed documents, including grant applications and manuscripts. I then discuss the primary responsibilities and core values of scientific peer review and offer several general tips for how to be an effective scientific peer reviewer. I next share commonly voiced concerns about the peer review process and oft-cited suggestions for improving the system. I finish the commentary by emphasizing numerous benefits of having a sound working knowledge of peer review for enhancing research career development and describe various opportunities for obtaining experience in peer review. This discussion of general issues is intended to lay a proper foundation upon which to address specific aspects of peer review of manuscripts in part 2 and grant applications in part 3 of the Perspective.
Hyaluronic Acid‐Coated Chitosan/Gelatin Nanoparticles as a New Strategy for Topical Delivery of Metformin in Melanoma
Authors: Ebrahimnejad Pedram , Rezaeiroshan Anahita , Babaei Amirhossein , Khanali Azin , Aghajanshakeri Shaghayegh , Farmoudeh Ali , Nokhodchi Ali
Published: June 2023

Metformin is a multipotential compound for treating diabetes II and controlling hormonal acne and skin cancer. This study was designed to enhance metformin skin penetration in melanoma using nanoparticles containing biocompatible polymers. Formulations with various concentrations of chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and sodium tripolyphosphate were fabricated using an ionic gelation technique tailored by the Box‐Behnken design. The optimal formulation was selected based on the smallest particle size and the highest entrapment efficiency (EE%) and used in ex vivo skin penetration study. In vitro antiproliferation activity and apoptotic effects of formulations were evaluated using MTT and flow cytometric assays, respectively. The optimized formulation had an average size, zeta potential, EE%, and polydispersity index of 329 ± 6.30 nm, 21.94 ± 0.05 mV, 64.71 ± 6.12%, and 0.272 ± 0.010, respectively. The release profile of the optimized formulation displayed a biphasic trend, characterized by an early burst release, continued by a slow and sustained release compared to free metformin. The ex vivo skin absorption exhibited 1142.5 ± 156.3 μg/cm2 of metformin deposited in the skin layers for the optimized formulation compared to 603.2 ± 93.1 μg/cm2 for the free metformin. Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the deformation of the drug from the crystal structure to an amorphous state. The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared results approved no chemical interaction between the drug and other ingredients of the formulations. According to the MTT assay, metformin in nanoformulation exhibited a higher cytotoxic effect against melanoma cancer cells than free metformin (IC50: 3.94 ± 0.57 mM vs. 7.63 ± 0.26 mM, respectively, P < 0.001). The results proved that the optimized formulation of metformin could efficiently decrease cell proliferation by promoting apoptosis, thus providing a promising strategy for melanoma therapy.
HPV Vaccination Prevalence among Lebanese Female University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: El Khoury Joey , Halabi Rami , Hleyhel Mira , El Rahman Kishly Wafaa , El Khoury Raghid , Saleh Nadine
Published: June 2023

Background. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, worldwide. Most often, cervical cancer is caused by a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. A lack of studies concerning HPV knowledge and vaccination among the Lebanese population is noticed. We aim to assess the prevalence of HPV vaccine administration among female university students in Lebanon alongside determining the predictors influencing vaccine uptake. Lastly, knowledge scores concerning HPV and HPV vaccination are also computed. Methods. This is a cross-sectional analytical study. It is an anonymous, online-based, close-ended questions survey conducted between the 24th of February 2021 and the 30th of March 2021. Our questionnaire was addressed to females aged between 17 and 30 years and enrolled in a Lebanese university. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.26. We used bivariate analysis to compare the rate of vaccination with different variables. We used the chi-square test for categorical variables and Student’s t-test for continuous variables. Logistic linear regression was conducted between the state of vaccination and other statistically significant variables from the bivariate analysis. Results. We have received a total of 454 questionnaires. Among the respondents, only 18.9% had received a minimum of one dose of the HPV vaccine. The mean age of up taking the first dose of the vaccine was 17.5 years. In addition, 48% of the respondents were not willing to take the HPV vaccine during the upcoming year. Barriers to not taking the HPV vaccine were mainly the low levels of knowledge concerning HPV and its vaccine. In the multivariate analysis, three predictors were found to affect the rate of HPV vaccination: university type, paternal educational level, and HPV vaccine knowledge score. In detail, a student enrolled in a public university had 77% likelihood of not being vaccinated. Furthermore, female students with a paternal educational level higher than a university degree had 88% probability of being vaccinated. Finally, every increase in the HPV vaccination knowledge of one point increased the likelihood of being vaccinated by 37%. Conclusion. A low vaccination rate among female university students in Lebanon was noticed in our study. In addition, a lack of HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge was found in our population. An awareness campaign alongside public vaccination programs is recommended in order to accomplish higher rates of HPV immunization.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity of a Collection of Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby Using SSRs Markers in Burkina Faso
Authors: Nacambo Haoua , Sawadogo Nerbéwendé , Batieno Teyiouê Benoit Joseph , Ouedraogo Mahamadi Hamed , Congo Abdoul Kader , Zida Wend-Pagnagde Felicien Marie Serge , Nanema Kiswendsida Romaric , Sawadogo Mahamadou
Published: June 2023

Sennaobtusifolia (L.) is a plant in the genus Senna that contributes to improving nutritional quality, food security, and better health protection for rural populations. However, very few studies have been devoted to it in Burkina Faso. Consequently, its genetic diversity remains poorly known. Such neglect would lead to the erosion of its genetic resource. The general objective of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of the genetic diversity of the species in order to be able to issue scientific bases for its conservation, valorization, and genetic improvement. Sixty (60) accessions of Senna obtusifolia were collected in the wild from five provinces of three climatic zones of Burkina Faso. Molecular characterization was carried out using 18 SSR markers. Fifteen were polymorphic microsatellite markers leading one hundred and one (101) alleles in total, with an average of seven (7) alleles per locus. The number of effective alleles was 2.33. Expected heterozygosity, Shannon diversity index, and polymorphism information content averaged 0.47, 1.05, and 0.47. Molecular characterization revealed the existence of genetic diversity within the collection. This diversity has been structured into three genetic groups. Genetic group 3 presents the highest genetic diversity parameters.
Study on Sound Propagation Performance of Mechanized Coal Gangue-Fine Sand Filling Body
Authors: Deng Daiqiang , Fan Jinkuan , Cao Guodong , Liang Yihua , Wang Runze , Gao Yu , Ma Yunfan
Published: June 2023

In the process of continuous and high-intensity mining in soft rock coal mines, high-quality filling treatment is required for the goaf. A nondestructive acoustic velocimetry method is an excellent way to measure the quality of filling body to effectively maintain the rock stability of the mining area and decrease industrial solid waste. In this study, the gangue and fine sand are used as the filling aggregates, and the uniaxial compression test and acoustic wave test are conducted in the cementitious gangue-sand filling body with different gangue-sand ratio. The results show that the longitudinal wave velocity of the filling body is basically between 1.556 km/s and 2.413 km/s. When the gangue-sand ratio is small, and the slurry concentration is high, the early strength of the cementitious gangue-sand filling body is low, but the later strength has a good growth trend. For specimens with higher strength-filled bodies, the propagation speed of sound waves inside them is also faster, indicating a certain positive correlation between the strength of the filled body and the speed of sound waves. A mathematical equation using longitudinal wave velocity to predict the strength of filling body is established. This equation can be used to predict and judge the quality of the filling body in the mining area.
Collaborative Energy Optimization of Multiple Chargers Based on Node Collaborative Scheduling
Authors: Wang Minghua , Zeng Ying , Li Jiaqi , Wang Yan
Published: June 2023

Wireless rechargeable sensor network (WRSN) uses mobile chargers (MCs) to charge sensor nodes wirelessly to solve the energy problems faced by traditional wireless sensor network. In WRSN, mobile charging schemes with multiple MCs supplementing energy are quite common. How to properly plan the MC’s moving path to reduce the charge energy loss and deploy nodes to improve network coverage rate has become a huge research challenge. In this paper, a collaborative energy optimization algorithm (CEOA) is proposed for multiple chargers based on k-mean++ and node collaborative scheduling. The CEOA combines internal energy optimization and external device power supply, effectively prolongs network lifetime, and improves network coverage rate. It uses the k-mean++ to cluster nodes in the network; then, the nodes in the network are scheduled to sleep based on the confident information coverage (CIC) model. Finally, the CEOA uses a main mobile charger to carry multiple auxiliary mobile chargers to charge all the nodes in the cluster. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm increases the network lifetime by more than 8 times and the coverage rate by about 20%.
Analysis and Prediction of the Factors Influencing Postconstruction Surface Deformation of Pipe-Jacking Tunnel in Soft Clay Strata in China
Authors: Cui Guo-jing , Xie Jiang-sheng , Sun Yin-hao , Gao Yong-ji
Published: June 2023

During the postconstruction operation period, the engineering structure and operation safety of a pipe-jacking tunnel are more likely to be threatened by the surrounding environment and groundwater when it is located in a soft clay stratum. Surface settlement data related to the construction of 24 rectangular pipe-jacking tunnels in a soft clay stratum in China were collected and analyzed to determine the effect of pipe-jacking tunnel engineering on its deformation based on factors such as structural section form, geotechnical condition, groundwater condition, and buried depth. The postmaximum surface settlement and postformation loss rate were obtained, the correlation coefficients between the postsurface deformation of soft clay strata and various influencing factors were calculated using a software for correlation analysis, and the variation rules for each influencing factor were explored in depth. Subsequently, multiple linear regression methods were used to predict the maximum surface deformation of the pipe-jacking tunnel project in soft clay strata during the postoperation period, and actual engineering cases were verified and analyzed. The results show that the relative buried depth of the pipe-jacking tunnel in soft clay stratum has the greatest influence on the postmaximum ground settlement, followed by the section area of the pipe-jacking tunnel, and the relative height coefficient of groundwater level has the least influence. Under the reduction coefficient of 0.937 − 0.846, a new prediction formula for surface settlement deformation after the construction of the soft clay layer was derived. The error between the formula and the measured data was 9.05%, which can be used as a reference for controlling design parameters to predict the settlement after construction of pipe-jacking engineering.
Peptide Hydrolysate of Telfairia occidentalis Hook f. Seed Protein Promotes Effective Glucose Homeostasis by Improving β-cell Dysfunction and Abating Carbohydrate Metabolic Disturbance in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Olasehinde Oluwaseun Ruth , Acho Marvellous Amarachi , Afolabi Olakunle Bamikole , Arise Rotimi Olusanya
Published: June 2023

Rising concerns with the use of synthetic antidiabetic drugs have promoted a shift towards the use of natural products. This study therefore investigated the antidiabetic activity of peptide hydrolysate of Telfairia occidentalis (T. occidentalis) seed protein (PHTOSP) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-six (36) experimental animals were randomly distributed into six groups (A–F) of six rats each (n = 6). Group A served as normal control while groups B, C, D, E, and F were treated with streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg body weight, b.w, i.p) dissolved in cold citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.5) to induce type 2 diabetes. Groups C, D, and E were administered 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg b.w PHTOSP, respectively, while groups B and F were diabetic untreated and 5 mg/kg b.w glibenclamide-treated controls, respectively, in the experiment that lasted for 21 days. Subsequently, the analysis of biochemical parameters demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum insulin, hepatic glycogen, hexokinase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, accompanied by a significant (p<0.05) reduction in fasting serum glucose, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, along with an enhancement in relative body weight. Similarly, PHTOSP demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) improvement on high-density (HDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoproteins, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and atherogenic index (AI) significantly (p<0.05). In addition, histoarchitectural analysis revealed a reversal of congestion and proliferation of inflammatory cells in the pancreatic tissue following treatment with PHTOSP. Therefore, PHTOSP might possess potential antidiabetic properties such that it improves glycolytic pathway and promotes cell survival that are helpful in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM).
Identification of PANoptosis-Based Prognostic Signature for Predicting Efficacy of Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xiong Xiaofeng , Song Qianben , Jing Mengjia , Yan Wei
Published: June 2023

Background. PANoptosis has been a research hotspot, but the role of PANoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains widely unknown. Drug resistance and low response rate are the main limitations of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in HCC. Thus, construction of a prognostic signature to predict prognosis and recognize ideal patients for corresponding chemotherapy and immunotherapy is necessary. Method. The mRNA expression data of HCC patients was collected from TCGA database. Through LASSO and Cox regression, we developed a prognostic signature based on PANoptosis-related genes. KM analysis and ROC curve were implemented to evaluate the prognostic efficacy of this signature, and ICGC and GEO database were used as external validation cohorts. The immune cell infiltration, immune status, and IC50 of chemotherapeutic drugs were compared among different risk subgroups. The relationships between the signature and the efficacy of ICI therapy, sorafenib treatment, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy were investigated. Result. A 3-gene prognostic signature was constructed which divided the patients into low- and high-risk subgroups. Low-risk patients had better prognosis, and the risk score was proved to be an independent predictor of overall survival (OS), which had a well predictive effect. Patients in high-risk population had more immunosuppressive cells (Tregs, M0 macrophages, and MDSCs), higher TIDE score and TP53 mutation rate, and elevated activity of base excision repair (BER) pathways. Patients with low risk benefited more from ICI, TACE, and sorafenib therapy. The predictive value of the risk score was comparable with TIDE and MSI for OS under ICI therapy. The risk score could be a biomarker to predict the response to ICI, TACE, and sorafenib therapy. Conclusion. The novel signature based on PANoptosis is a promising biomarker to distinguish the prognosis predict the benefit of ICI, TACE, and sorafenib therapy, and forecast the response to them.
Review on Selected Church Forests of Ethiopia: Implication for Plant Species Conservation and Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Wolde Addisu
Published: June 2023

Forests are known to play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity and regulation of global climate. Global climate is regulated through sequestering and storing much more carbon from the atmosphere due to the presence of forests. However, loss of forest cover and biodiversity due to anthropogenic activities are a growing concern in many parts of the world. The problem of deforestation and loss of biodiversity is more pronounced in developing countries like Ethiopia. Because of deforestation, the species diversity and climate mitigation potential of natural forests are going to be reduced. Thus, patches of Church forests are left and found throughout the degraded landscapes. Because of their religious significance, these forests have been conserved by local communities. They are the only refuge for different plant species and store high amounts of atmospheric carbon. This is due to local communities do have higher respect and trust in them than other local institutions, which has made the Church the central institution and platform for socio-economic issues of the people. As stated by different scholars, around the Church areas, numerous indigenous and International Union for Conservation of Nature red list species existed. In terms of the diversity of species, the forest around the Church has compared to that of a natural forest. Next to the conservation role, the conserved plant species have a significant contribution to climate change mitigation through carbon stock in biomass and soil. Trees in the Church areas have long life history and are higher in stand structure parameters such as height, diameter at breast height, crown diameter, and their carbon storage potential has been maximum. Overall, Church forests are serving as hot spot sites for biodiversity conservation and have a significant role in mitigating climate change by limiting greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the amount of carbon stored in forests.
Supplementary Table 2 from Racial, Ethnic, and Sex-based Disparities among High-risk Individuals Undergoing Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance
Authors: Katona Bryson W. , Klute Kelsey , Brand Randall E. , Everett Jessica N. , Farrell James J. , Hawthorne Kieran , Kaul Vivek , Kupfer Sonia S. , Paiella Salvatore , Simeone Diane M. , Sussman Daniel A. , Zogopoulos George , Lucas Aimee L. , Kastrinos Fay , Bi Yan , Brentnall Teresa , Chung Daniel , Earl Julie , Gaddam Srinivas , Gallinger Steve , Graff John J. , Greenhalf William , Grossberg Aaron , Hart Philip , Idos Gregory , Jeter Joanne , Lindberg James , Lowy Andrew , Permuth Jennifer , Raitses-Gurevich Maria , Schrader Intan , Siveke Jens , Stoffel Elena , Vornhuelz Marlies , Wadlow Raymond
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 2: Comparison of baseline characteristics of HRIs by site location
Data from NL-201 Upregulates MHC-I Expression and Intratumoral T-cell Receptor Diversity, and Demonstrates Robust Antitumor Activity as Monotherapy and in Combination with PD-1 Blockade
Authors: Mortales Christie , Dutzar Benjamin , Chen Jerry , Chen Alex , Huard Justin , Walkey Carl , Swanson Ryan
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cytokine engineering has shown promise as a means to create novel immunomodulatory agents or to improve upon the therapeutic potential of natural cytokines. NL-201, a de novo, hyperstable, IL2 receptor alpha (IL2Rα)–independent agonist of the receptors for IL2 and IL15, elicits robust preclinical activity in syngeneic murine cancer models, including those resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Here, we report that NL-201 monotherapy converts ‘cold’ tumor microenvironments (TME) to immunologically ‘hot’ states by driving pro-inflammatory gene expression, enhancing IFNγ-dependent MHC-I expression, and expanding both T-cell number and clonal diversity. In addition, the combination of NL-201 and anti–PD-1 resulted in complementary antitumor activity in the immunologically ‘cold’ and ICI resistant B16F10, EMT6, and Renca syngeneic models. In the B16F10 model, treatment with NL-201 plus anti–PD-1 increased the abundance of CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells in the TME. These findings reveal an important mechanistic basis for the antitumor activity of NL-201 both as a monotherapy and in combination with PD-1 antagonists, and provide further context for the role of IL2Rα-based signaling in ICI-resistant tumors.
FIGURE 5 from A Novel Class of Ribosome Modulating Agents Exploits Cancer Ribosome Heterogeneity to Selectively Target the CMS2 Subtype of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Terzo Esteban , Apte Shruti A. , Padhye Simran , Rashed Saleh , Austin Wesley , Caponegro Michael , Reddy Anupama , Shi Shuhao , Wang Christy , Clark Roger B. , Sidransky David , Modur Vijay , Badarinarayana Vasudeo
Published: June 2023

ZKN-157 demonstrates synergy with DNA-intercalating agents in CMS2 cell lines. A, Matrices showing BI scores for combinations of ZKN-157 with actinomycin D and doxorubicin on SW948 cells. Dose combinations demonstrating synergy are highlighted in blue. B, Matrices showing BI scores for combinations of ZKN-157 with mitoxantrone on two cell lines: SW948 and SW403. Single-agent concentrations (in μmol/L) in all first columns and bottom rows for all matrices. C, Percent response bar graph showing ZKN-157′s efficacy enhanced in combination with actinomycin D (Act-D) and doxorubicin (Doxo) in SW948 cells. Bars are color coded as follows: DMSO (black), ZKN-157 (30 μmol/L, red), Act-D (10 nmol/L, blue), Doxo (330 nmol/L, blue), ZKN-157+Act-D and ZKN-157+Doxo (purple). D, Percent response bar graph showing ZKN-157’s efficacy enhanced in combination with mitoxantrone (Mitox) in SW948 and SW403 cells. Bars are color coded as follows: DMSO (black), ZKN-157 (30 μmol/L, red), Mitox (6 nmol/L, blue; SW948), Mitox (5.56 nmol/L, blue; SW403), and ZKN-157+Mitox (purple).
Consensus Recommendations for Standardized Data Elements, Scales, and Time Segmentations in Studies of Human Circadian/Diurnal Biology and Stroke
Authors: Saver Jeffrey L. , Klerman Elizabeth B. , Buchan Alastair M. , Calleja Patricia , Lizasoain Ignacio , Bahr-Hosseini Mersedeh , Lee Sarah , Liebeskind David S. , Mergenthaler Philipp , Mun Katherine T. , Ning MingMing , Pelz David , Ray David , Rothwell Peter M. , Seners Pierre , Sreekrishnan Anirudh , Sung Eleanor Mina , Tiedt Steffen , Webb Alastair J.S. , Wölfer Teresa A. , Albers Gregory W. ,   for the Leducq Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l’AVC Effects in Stroke (CIRCA)
Published: June 2023

Increasing evidence indicates that circadian and diurnal rhythms robustly influence stroke onset, mechanism, progression, recovery, and response to therapy in human patients. Pioneering initial investigations yielded important insights but were often single-center series, used basic imaging approaches, and used conflicting definitions of key data elements, including what constitutes daytime versus nighttime. Contemporary methodologic advances in human neurovascular investigation have the potential to substantially increase understanding, including the use of large multicenter and national data registries, detailed clinical trial data sets, analysis guided by individual patient chronotype, and multimodal computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging. To fully harness the power of these approaches to enhance pathophysiologic knowledge, an important foundational step is to develop standardized definitions and coding guides for data collection, permitting rapid aggregation of data acquired in different studies, and ensuring a common framework for analysis. To meet this need, the Leducq Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l’AVC (CIRCA) convened a Consensus Statement Working Group of leading international researchers in cerebrovascular and circadian/diurnal biology. Using an iterative, mixed-methods process, the working group developed 79 data standards, including 48 common data elements (23 new and 25 modified/unmodified from existing common data elements), 14 intervals for time-anchored analyses of different granularity, and 7 formal, validated scales. This portfolio of standardized data structures is now available to assist researchers in the design, implementation, aggregation, and interpretation of clinical, imaging, and population research related to the influence of human circadian/diurnal biology upon ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.