bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local Communities Facing COVID-19: influence of “PASDeR” on peasant family farming in Northern Benin?
Authors: Dedehouanou Gbenoukpo Modeste Arnaud
Published: May 2024

To protect populations against the spread of COVID-19, countries have taken preventive measures such as lockdowns, prohibitions, curfews, etc., as well as individual and collective barrier gestures against the circulation of the virus. The consequences have been widely various. The present study, therefore, aimed at analysing the effects of these implemented anti-Covid-19 measures on Peasant Family Farms in Benin. The study based on collected data of 1,282 beneficiary farms, and used quasi-experimental models highlighting effects, impacts, and efficiency. It is conducted from June 2020 to December 2022, in Benin. The results revealed that the anti-COVID-19 measures taken by the program, had a slight and insignificant increase in income and productivity, whereas on employment, this increase remained not only positive but significant. The results furthermore, show that Peasant Family Farms worked more in several fields during this period to improve economic and social welfare. These findings suggest the promotion of such initiatives in local communities, following by a liberal fellowship from national or federal authorities.
JEL Code: H43; H54; I38; Q12.
The Effect of Aerobic and Combined, Aerobic-anaerobicexercise on Obese Diabetic Patients
Authors: Awoke Tamagne , Kiflu D.r Alemmebrat , Tadesse D.r Aschenaki
Published: May 2024

Background Physical exercise is has been recommended as an important non-pharmacological therapeutic strategy for managing diabetes type2 mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of17 weeks aerobic, and combined, both aerobic plus resistance training on HbAlc, bodyweight, body composition and others cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) components among T2DM and obese patients.
METHODS: positivism style of research paradigms and quantitative method of true randomize experimental design was used. 30 T2DM and obese male patients; aged 40–65 years (M=54.4, SD=6.96593), their BMI ≥30 kg/m2 _ 39.9 kg/m2, were randomized to one of the two exercise interventions or a control group. All two exercise groups had an equal total exercise time lasting 60min aerobic or combined training (50-70% of MHR & 1RM). HbAlc, body mass index (BMI) Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and Waist circumference (WC) were measured. Paired sample T-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post Hock was used.
RESULTS: aerobic and combined groups showed significance improvement during pre and posttest in weights, BMI, HbAlc, TC, TG, LDL, HDL and WC, P <.001, than the control group. From the ANOVA (Post Hock) result: Aerobic training and combined group was revealing a greater statistical difference more than the Control group in weight (MD = -9*, and MD = -7* p < 0.05), BMI (MD= -3.68* and -2.99* , P< .001), HbAlc (MD = -8.17*, and MD= -8.61*, P < 0.001), TC (MD = -34.4*and MD= -40.6*, P < 0.001), LDL (MD = -47.3*, and MD = -43.2*, P < 0.001),WC (MD = -12.1*, and MD= -15.4*, P < 0.001), TG (MD = 73.2*and MD= -82.4*, P < 0.001). But in HDL the aerobic group didn’t shown significance difference (MD= -.2, p = .969 that is P > 0.05) than the control group. But the combined group was shown great statistical difference than the aerobic and control group with (MD= 6.4*, P< .001) and (MD= 6.2*, p < .001) respectively.
Conclusion: Compared to aerobic exercise, a 17-week of combined aerobic-anaerobic exercise intervention was more successful in altering these parameters.
The detoxification role of P450 genes implicated in adaptation of Helicoverpa armigera to walnut phytochemistry
Authors: Li Haiqing , Huang Xinzheng , Yang Long , Liu Haining , Liu Bing , Lu Yanhui H
Published: May 2024

In northwest China, changes in cultivation patterns and the scarcity of preferred hosts have forced Helicoverpa armigera to feed on the marginal host walnut (Juglans regia). However, the mechanisms allowing this adaptation remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the behavioral, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying the local adaptation of this pest to walnut fruits. Compared to the kernel, the green husk and shell generally contained higher levels of phytochemicals and had greater impact on larval feeding preference, fitness, and cytochrome P450 activity. These negative effects were further supported by a larger number of upregulated detoxification genes in insects fed green husks or shells based on transcriptome sequencing. Together, these data suggest that P450 genes (such as LOC110371778) may be crucial to H. armigera adaptation to the phytochemicals of walnuts. Our findings provide significant insight into the adaptation of cotton bollworm to walnut, an alternative host of lower quality.
Establishment and validation of a predictive model for spontaneous preterm birth in singleton pregnant women
Authors: Lv Zimeng , Hu Jingyuan , Zhang Naiwen , Liu Hui , Liu Wei
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Screening for high sensitivity and specificity predictors of premature birth, establishing a sPTB prediction model that is suitable for women in China, easy to operate and popularize, and establishing an sPTB prediction scoring system for early, intuitive, and effective assessment of premature birth risk.
Methods: 685 pregnant women with a single pregnancy during the second trimester (16-26 weeks) were divided into premature delivery and non-premature delivery groups based on their delivery outcomes. Clinical and ultrasound information was collected for both groups, and risk factors that could lead to sPTB in pregnant women were screened and analyzed using a cutoff value. A nomogram was developed to establish a prediction model and scoring system for sPTB. Additionally, 119 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria for the modeling cohort were included for external validation of the model. The accuracy and consistency of the model were evaluated through the area under the ROC curve and the C-calibration curve.
Results: The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant correlation (P<0.05) between the number of miscarriages in pregnant women, history of miscarriages at the first week of pregnancy, history of preterm birth, CL of pregnant women, open and continuous cervical opening, and the occurrence of sPTB in pregnant women. Draw a Nomogram column chart based on the six risk factors mentioned above, obtain a predictive model for sPTB, and establish a scoring system to divide premature birth into three risk groups: low, medium, and high. Validate the model, and the Hosmer Lemeshow test indicates a good fit of the model (p=0.997); Modeling queue C calibration curve close to diagonal (C index=0.856), verifying that queue C calibration curve is also close to diagonal (C index=0.854); The AUC of the modeling queue is 0.850, and the AUC of the validation queue is 0.881.
Conclusion: This study established a predictive model for sPTB, which is suitable for women in China, easy to operate and popularize. Risk assessment was conducted by assigning scores to each cutoff value, which can guide early, intuitive, and effective clinical assessment of premature birth risk in pregnant women.
Airspace Structure Study with Capacity Compensation for Increasing Diverse Operations (IDO)
Authors: Welsch Tobias , Temme Marco-Michael
Published: May 2024

The future implementation of Increasing Diverse Operations (IDO) will result in a reduction in capacity at hub airports due to the necessity of inserting larger gaps between aircraft with very different speed profiles. This is due to the large range of different approach speeds that IDO encompasses. Such a development will present a challenge for airports, which are already operating at or near their capacity limit. An alternative routing towards an intercept point at a late stage of the final approach can provide two approach options with relatively low interference for subsequent traffic. With the help of recorded traffic data from London Heathrow, this study evaluates the performance in terms of capacity for different constellations of this procedure. Moreover, the biphasic evaluation, conducted through theoretical calculations for a constant separation distance and a fast-time simulation for a constant separation time, yielded key findings that facilitated the development of an optimized procedure for a traffic mix with significant speed differences to compensate IDO-related capacity losses as far as possible.
Identification and comprehensive analysis of the Senescence-Related Diagnostic Biomarkers in Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Tu Dao-yuan , Zhang Jie , Wang Ming-kao , Li Heng , Dou Jin , Zhang Xiao-yu , Zhao Hai-jian
Published: May 2024

Recent research indicates that senescence plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the clinical significance and predictive capabilities of senescence-related genes (SRGs) in gastric carcinoma (GC). This study employs machine learning techniques to discern the diagnostic biomarker associated with senescence in GC. Moreover, it delves into an extensive evaluation of its immunological infiltration, biological function, and clinical relevance. Our analysis identified four SRGs (FEN1, HIF1A, PDGFRB, and PEX5) using a combination of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, support vector machine recursive feature elimination, and the area under the curve metrics. Subsequently, these four SRGs were incorporated into a senescence-based prognostic signature termed “riskScore.” Notably, the riskScore demonstrated reliability and accuracy as an independent prognostic marker. We observed a robust association between the riskScore and tumor mutation burden, clinicopathological features, tumor immune microenvironment, and overall prognosis. Single-cell sequencing revealed heightened immune cell infiltration in the high-risk group. Furthermore, the riskScore emerged as a pivotal determinant guiding therapeutic decisions for GC, including immunotherapy and chemotherapy. The results strongly suggest the riskScore as the signature diagnostic biomarker for GC. These findings lay a robust foundation for GC treatments and hold promise for developing a rapid, non-invasive technique for disease monitoring and prognostic prediction.
Investigation of the Influence of Rain on Pitot-Static Measuring Systems of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Tilmans Jan , Jackisch Sven , Moormann Dieter
Published: May 2024

For unmanned aerial systems with a maximum take-off mass of up to 25 kg, simple pitot-static tubes are predominantly used to measure the aerodynamic speed. In this work, the influence of rain on this measurement is investigated using representative pitot-tubes of different diameters. In wind tunnel tests, water droplets with a diameter of about 3 mm are generated at a flow velocity of 10 m/s, which hit the pitot-tubes at the total pressure bore. The observed disturbances sometimes last several hours and are equivalent to a total failure of the measuring system during flight operations. Phenomena are identified that influence the measurement of dynamic pressure in rain. It can be shown that both capillarity and the momentum of the raindrops play a decisive role in the type, severity and duration of the disturbance due to their relative movement to the tube. The further course of the disturbance is also influenced by the evaporation of liquid, both on and in the tube. In flight tests under rain conditions, the findings of the wind tunnel tests were qualitatively confirmed and additional disturbance patterns were observed.
Effect of drying biomass protocols on bioactive compounds, antioxidant and enzymatic activities of the red macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii
Authors: Nunes Aline , Dutra Felipe de Souza , Brito Sinara de Nazaré Santana , Pereira Milene Stefani , Azevedo Gadiel Zilto , Schneider Alex Ricardo , Oliveira Eva Regina , Santos Alex Alves dos , Maraschin Marcelo , Vianello Fábio , Lima Giuseppina Pace Pereira
Published: May 2024

Kappaphycus alvarezii is a red seaweed widely used throughout the world, with applications in various biotechnological processes. In this sense, the contents and stability of bioactive compounds of interest synthesized by this seaweed species must be guaranteed in post-harvest, by adopting suitable drying protocols of biomass (e.g.) that allow furnishing high-quality raw material for industrial usage. This study aimed to analyze the influence of commonly used drying methods, i.e., freeze-drying and oven-drying, on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assays), total carotenoid content (TC), and lipase (LA) and protease activities (PA) of K. alvarezii samples collected over the seasons in sea farms in southern Brazil. The freeze-drying technique showed to be more effective regarding superior contents of TPC and TC, besides antioxidant activity (DPPH assay). In its turn, oven-drying proved to be the best method regarding the TFC and PA, with better performance in the FRAP assay. In this way, it appears that the drying process of the algal biomass can be selected depending on the required traits of the biomass for the intended industrial application.
Detection and characterization of H5N1 HPAIV in environmental samples from a dairy farm
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , Trujillo Jessie D. , McDowell Chester D. , Matias-Ferreyra Franco , Kafle Sujan , Kwon Taeyong , Gaudreault Natasha N. , Fitz Isaac , Noll Lance , Retallick Jamie , Richt Juergen A.
Published: May 2024

The recent expansion of HPAIV H5N1 infections in terrestrial mammals in the Americas, most recently including the outbreak in dairy cattle, emphasizes the critical need for better epidemiological monitoring of zoonotic diseases. In this work, we detected, isolated and characterized the HPAIV H5N1 from environmental swab samples collected from a dairy farm in the state of Kansas (USA). Genomic sequencing of these samples uncovered two distinctive mutations in the PB2 (E249G) and NS1 (R21Q) genes which are rare and absent in recent 2024 isolates of H5N1 circulating in the mammalian avian species. Additionally, approximately 1.7% of the sequence reads indicated a PB2 (E627K) mutation, commonly associated with the virus's adaptation to mammalian hosts. Phylogenetic analyses of the PB2 and NS genes demonstrated more genetic identity between this environmental isolate and the 2024 human isolate (A/Texas/37/2024) of H5N1. Conversely, HA and NA gene analyses revealed a closer relationship between our isolates and those found in other dairy cattle with almost 100% identity, sharing a common phylogenetic subtree. These findings underscore the rapid evolutionary progression of HPAIV H5N1 among dairy cattle and reinforces the need for more epidemiological monitoring which can easily be done using environmental sampling.
Study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of micro grooved ultra-thin plate heat pipe
Authors: Su Huashan , CHEN Hong , Chen Kui , Wang Gang
Published: May 2024

Ultra-thin flat heat pipe is an effective means to solve the heat dissipation problem of thin electronic equipment due to its strong thermal conductivity and high stability in narrow space. In this paper, the VOF gas-liquid two-phase flow model of CFD software is used to numerically simulate the flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the micro-grooved ultra-thin flat heat pipe. The heat transfer performance test platform of the heat pipe is built, and the performance of the heat pipe is tested by considering different filling rates and different heating powers. The results show that the phase transition first occurs on the side of the heating surface of the evaporation section. The vapor on the wall of the condensation section condenses and forms a liquid film. The non-channel liquid will gather in the channel under the capillary force of the micro-groove and flow to the evaporation section. The 35% filling rate is the best filling rate of the micro-grooved ultra-thin flat heat pipe. At this time, the heat transfer efficiency is higher, which is consistent with the simulation results, and provides a valuable reference for the development and design of the ultra-thin flat heat pipe.
Genome wide comprehensive characterization and expression analysis of RBOH genes revealed drought stress response in mung bean (Vigna radiate L.)
Authors: Dogra Ishani , Ram Chet , Kesawat Mahipal Singh , Kour Ramandeep , Meena Manoj Kumar , Sudarsan Yemmanur , Sharma Anil Kumar , Sharma Vikas , Kumar Pawan , Berwal Mukesh K
Published: May 2024

Respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) play a pivotal role as key producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during broad range of biological processes including plant growth, development, hormonal signalling and environmental stress responses in plants. Since, the availability of mung bean (Vigna radiata) genome sequences, the identification and characterization of the RBOH gene family in mung bean remain unknown. Therefore, the current study focuses on identifying and characterizing nine RBOH genes, designated as VraRBOH, in mung bean. The VraRBOH genes were characterized using all sort of bioinformatics analysis for distribution, structural and phylogenic organization in mung bean genome. Further, their expression level was assessed during drought stress in mung bean. The chromosomal distribution analysis showed the presence of VraRBOH genes on six chromosomes only rather than scattering in whole genome. All VraRBOH genes exhibited conserved domain including those for binding of FAD, NADPH ribose and NADPH region in C-terminal region during multiple sequence alignment analysis. The VraRBOH genes harboured the introns ranged from 0 (VraRBOH1) to 23 (VraRBOH4). The phylogenetic tree consisted of five major groups with subgroups. The presence of the cis-regulatory elements in the VraRBOH gene promoter regions suggested the biologically active nature of these genes in mung bean. Semi quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analysis revealed that VraRBOH4 exhibited exponential expression at the transcript level in the time-course experiment of drought stress in mung bean. Conversely, the remaining VraRBOH genes displayed either up- or down-regulation at specific time points of the drought stress treatment. The identified and characterized VraRBOH gene family offers a valuable resource for both fundamental and applied research aimed at comprehending mung bean's tolerance to abiotic stress.
Ultrathin transition metal oxychalcogenides
Authors: Chhowalla Manish , Xu Wenshuo , Wu Yao , Xi Shibo , Wang Yan , Wang Ye , Ke Yuxuan , Ding Lingtong , Wang Xiao , Yang Jieun , Zhang Wenjing , Loh Kian Ping , Ding Feng , Liu Zheng
Published: May 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exfoliated from bulk layered materials possess interesting properties. Most transition metal oxides (TMOs) are not layered and therefore cannot be exfoliated. Here we report the synthesis of a new family of ultrathin materials – transition metal oxychalcogenides (TMOCs) and demonstrate their unique properties. Specifically, 2D TMOCs such as HfSxOy, ZrSxOy, TiSxOy, TaSxOy, NbSxOy, VSexOy, HfSexOy, ZrSexOy, TaTexOy (x, y ~ 0–2) from bulk TMDs (HfS2, ZrS2, TiS2, TaS2, NbS2, VSe2, HfSe2, ZrSe2, TaTe2) have been fabricated using tetrabutylammonium intercalation. The stoichiometry of TMOCs can be adjusted, which enables control of their optical band gaps and tunability of electrical conductivity by more than 8 orders of magnitude. Our results show that by tuning the chalcogen to oxygen ratio along with local atomic structure in TMOCs, it is possible to impart unexpected properties. For example, in contrast to conventional TMDs, the hybrid structure renders TMOCs surprisingly stable and electrochemically active in strong acids, which allows them to be used as proof-of-concept catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at pH ≈ 0. The HfS0.52O1.09 catalysts show high mass activity (10,3000 A g–1 at an overpotential of 0.5 V) and exhibit durability in proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysers.
Neural Correlates of Perceiving Animacy in Robotic Objects
Authors: Yizhar Or , Maimon Amber , Tal Zohar , Wald Iddo Yehoshua , Erel Hadas , Friedman Doron , Zuckerman Oren , Amedi Amir
Published: May 2024

The prevalence of robots in modern society calls for gaining a fundamental understanding of the underlying principles of human-robot interaction. In particular, we need to understand how people perceive robots and how different physical and social characteristics affect this perception. Here, we examined the neural correlates of observing simple gestures performed by a non-humanoid social robot, focusing on the role of the Ventral Occipitotemporal (VOT) cortex in processing perceived animacy. Our results reveal that a broad bilateral cortical network is activated, comprising areas related to action observation, the social brain, and the visual cortex, including the VOT. We also found a correlation between the level of neural responses in the VOT, especially in the left hemisphere, and individual animacy ratings of the robotic object. This correlation provides a physical basis for such subjective ratings. These results suggest a complex representation of perceived animacy across the lateral-medial axis of the VOT, explained by spatial cortical location and the amplitude of neural responses. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these findings for understanding how people perceive robots, their behaviors and intentions, which are crucial for developing social robots that can interact with humans more naturally.
Factors Associated With Intrapartum Detectable Viral Load Among Hiv Positive Parturients at Riley Mother and Baby Hospital, Eldoret-Kenya.
Authors: Matetai Susan Jepchirchir , Mutakha Godfrey Shichenje , Muyala Liko , Were Edwin
Published: May 2024

Background Vertical transmission of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) can occur during pregnancy, labour, and delivery, or in breastfeeding. Detectable viral load among pregnant women is the strongest predictor. Knowledge of factors associated with DVL could inform integrated prevention services both in prenatal and postnatal care. Objective To describe the patient characteristics, determine the prevalence of detectable viral load and assess factors associated with it among HIV infected women delivering at Riley Mother and Baby Hospital (RMBH), Eldoret Kenya. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study conducted among 140 HIV infected expectant women attending RMBH. Maternal sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire and viral load assay was done by the AMPATH Reference Laboratory with a detection threshold of 40 copies/ml. Descriptive statistics of means and proportions as well as bivariate tests of associations (p ≤ 0.05) were conducted, followed by logistic regression for statistically significant variable. Results 99 (70.9%) of the participants knew their HIV status prior to the pregnancy under review, 34 (24.3%) sero-discordant and 77 (55.0%) presented late (> 16weeks) for their first antenatal visit. TDF/3TC/EFV was the most common antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen with an overall median ART duration of 20 (IQR: 6.0, 60.0) months. 25 (17.9%) had DVL, of whom 5/25 (20%) had Low level viremia (50-1000 copies/ ml) while 17/25 (68%), had > 1000 copies/ml. 16/17 (94%) of those with viral load of > 1000copies/ml delivered by spontaneous Vertex Delivery (SVD). Those with moderate or severe ART side effects were significantly more likely to have a detectable viral load at delivery (AOR = 6.189; 95% CI: 1.330, 28.797; p = 0.020). Conclusion The prevalence of DVL was 17.9% with moderate or severe ART related side effects being significant predictors. Adherence counselling in integrated PMTCT and antenatal care should focus on the recognition of ART-related side effects and their management.
A computational framework for processing time-series of Earth Observation data based on discrete convolution: global-scale historical Landsat cloud-free aggregates at 30 m spatial resolution
Authors: Consoli Davide , Parente Leandro , Simoes Rolf , Şahin Murat , Tian Xuemeng , Witjes Martijn , Sloat Lindsey , Hengl Tomislav
Published: May 2024

Processing extremely large collections of Earth Observation (EO) time-series, often petabyte-sized, such as NASA's Landsat and ESA's Sentinel missions, can be computationally prohibitive and costly. Despite their name, even the Analysis Ready Data (ARD) versions of such collections can rarely be used as direct input for modeling and require additional time-series processing. Existing solutions for readily using these data are not openly available, are poor in performance, or lack flexibility. Addressing this issue, we developed SIRCLE (Signal Imputation and Refinement with Convolution Leaded Engine), a computational framework that can be used to apply diverse time-series processing techniques by simply adjusting the convolution kernel. Together with SIRCLE, this paper presents SWAG (Seasonally Weighted Average Generalization), a method for EO time-series reconstruction integrated in the framework. SWAG can be used as an imputation method to reconstruct EO images affected by the presence of clouds. Compared to a benchmark dataset, SWAG consistently outperformed the reference methods, reducing reconstruction errors by at least 15%. As the first large-scale application, SIRCLE and SWAG were employed to process the entire Global Land Analysis and Discovery (GLAD) ARD-2 Landsat archive, producing a cloud-free bi-monthly aggregated product. This process, covering seven Landsat bands globally from 1997 to 2022, with more than two trillion pixels and for each one a time-series of 156 samples in the aggregated product, required approximately 28 hours of computation using 1248 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6248R CPUs. The resulting reconstructed images can be used for machine learning models or to map biophysical indices. With the hosting of about 20 TB per band/index for an entire 30 m resolution, bi-monthly historical time-series, stored as Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFFs (COG) and distributed as open data, the product enables seamless, fast, and affordable access to the Landsat archive for environmental monitoring and analysis applications.
Logistics potential to ensure the resilience of the Ukrainian economic system facing global challenges
Authors: Melnyk Maryana , Leshchukh Iryna , Prytula Khrystyna , Ivaniuk Uliana , Ohinok Solomiia
Published: May 2024

The aim of this paper is to assess the logistics potential to ensure the resilience of the economic system of Ukraine in the face of global challenges. The methods used in the study include: structural-dynamic, determinological, correlation analysis, index method, graphical and cartographic methods. The calculations were based on open data from analytical studies on the development of transport and logistics, as well as data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis that high logistics potential, which is determined by the effectiveness of customs and border control, the quality of trade and transport infrastructure, the ease of organization of delivery, and the quality of logistics services, is the driver of the resilience of socio-economic systems of countries. The reduction of the logistical potential of the economic system of Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale war is shown. This decrease resulted from blocked operation of a number of logistics routes and branches of the transport and logistics sphere and destroyed transport infrastructure objects as a result of hostilities and missile attacks.A change in the vector of export-import flows and their reorientation by means of transport was noted. Drivers of strengthening the logistics potential of the Ukrainian economic system are the transformation of the transport and logistics system, deepening cooperation with neighboring countries, systematic state support for the development of freight transportation by rail, compliance with European standards, and creation of Ukrzaliznytsia’s own freight carrier company that will work outside Ukraine.
AcknowledgmentThis study was carried out within the framework of the international project “Increasing the capacity of freight transportation infrastructure on EU-Ukraine borders” (№ 22220189) implemented under the Visegrad Grant+ Programme.
Mesoscopic ring element growth and deformation induced biofilm streamer evolution in microfluidic channels
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Tang Yangyang , Tao Cong , Zhang Jinchang , Dong Fulin , Liu Song , Zhang Duohuai , Wang Xiaoling
Published: May 2024

In a fluid environment, biofilms usually form and grow into streamers attached to solid surfaces. Existing research on single streamers studied their formation and failure modes. In the experiment on biofilm growth in a microfluidic channel, we found that rings composed of bacteria and an extracellular matrix are important elements on a mesoscopic scale. In the fluid environment, the failure of these ring elements causes damage to streamers. We simulated the growth and deformation of the ring structure in the micro-channel using multi-agent simulation and fluid–structure coupling of a porous elastic body. Based on this, we simulated the biofilm evolution involving multi-ring deformation, which provides a new length scale to study the biofilm streamer dynamics in fluid environments.
Urban flood modeling with a novel coupling method of surface and sewer hydrodynamic processes
Authors: Wang Siyi , Wang Jiaying , Xin Kunlun , Yan Hexiang , Li Shuping , Tao Tao
Published: May 2024

Drainage modeling that accurately captures urban storm inundation serves as the foundation for flood warning and drainage scheduling. In this paper, we proposed a novel coupling ideology that, by integrating 2D-1D and 1D-2D unidirectional processes, overcomes the drawback of the conventional unidirectional coupling approach that fails to properly represent the rainfall surface catchment dynamics, and provides more coherent hydrological implications compared to the bidirectional coupling concept. This paper first referred to a laboratory experimental case from the literature, applied and analyzed the coupling scheme proposed in this paper and the bidirectional coupling scheme that has been widely studied in recent years, compared the two coupling solutions in terms of the resulting accuracy and applicability, and discussed their respective strengths and weaknesses to validate the reliability of the proposed method. The verified proposed coupling scheme was then applied to the modeling of a real drainage system in a region of Nanjing, China, and the results proved that the coupling mechanism proposed in this study is of practical application value.
A Basic Introduction to Blue Bioeconomy
Authors: Nadeeka Madushani Herath Kalahe Hewage Iresha , Asanka Sanjeewa Kalu Kapuge
Published: May 2024

The blue bioeconomy represents a transformative approach to harnessing the
vast potential of marine resources for sustainable development. As the demand for
food, energy, and materials continues to rise, the sustainable utilization of marine
ecosystems offers a promising solution to meet these challenges while conserving
terrestrial resources. The blue bioeconomy encompasses a broad range of sectors,
including fisheries, aquaculture, marine biotechnology, and coastal tourism, among
others. By capitalizing on the inherent biological diversity of the oceans, it seeks to
unlock innovative pathways for economic growth, job creation, and environmental
stewardship. This transition from traditional practices to a more sustainable and
knowledge-based approach requires careful consideration of ecological, social, and
economic factors. One of the primary advantages of the blue bioeconomy lies in its
potential to provide alternative sources of protein and other essential nutrients through
sustainable fisheries and responsible aquaculture practices. Additionally, marine
biotechnology offers vast potential for the development of novel drugs, biomaterials,
and biofuels, leveraging the unique properties of marine organisms. These innovations
are Promising in addressing pressing global challenges, such as food security, climate
change mitigation, and the transition to renewable energy sources. The blue
bioeconomy represents a transformative pathway towards sustainable development,
utilizing the diverse resources and ecosystems of our oceans. By adopting a holistic
approach that integrates environmental, social, and economic considerations, the blue
bioeconomy holds the potential to drive economic growth, enhance food and energy
security, and contribute to the conservation and restoration of marine ecosystems.
Embracing this approach is crucial for building a more sustainable and resilient future
for our planet and future generations.
What is Seaweed? General Facts about Seaweeds
Authors: Dissanayake Dinusha Shiromala , Asanka Sanjeewa Kalu Kapuge , Jayawardena Thilina Uduwaka
Published: May 2024

Seaweeds are rich sources of various nutrients and bioactive compounds,
which offer several health benefits. They contain high levels of vitamins, minerals,
fiber, and protein, making them a valuable addition to a balanced diet. Seaweeds are
particularly rich in iodine, an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in thyroid
function and overall metabolism. They also contain significant amounts of iron,
calcium, magnesium, potassium, and other trace minerals that are essential for human
health. Moreover, seaweeds are known for their bioactive compounds, such as
polysaccharides, phlorotannins, carotenoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which
have been linked to several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Studies have shown that consuming seaweed
may help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease,
diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Seaweeds may also improve gut health by acting
as a prebiotic, promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. In the present chapter,
the authors focus on briefly summarizing the bioactive properties of secondary
metabolites identified from seaweeds and their therapeutic potential as supportive
information for the next chapters in this book.
Anti-Cancer Properties of Pure Compounds Isolated From Seaweeds
Authors: Harischandra Hiruni Sadunika Kumarasinghe Don Ciril , Gunathilaka Thilina L. , Jayasooriya Prasad , Samarakoon Kalpa W.
Published: May 2024

Cancer is a major public health concern, and there are no entirely effective
treatments. Therefore, natural product-based alternative therapies have been suggested
as effective therapeutics against cancer. Marine algae are a promising research tool
considered a natural source of bioactive compounds embedded in marine ecology.
Algae synthesize a vast variety of bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides,
polyphenols, sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, essential fatty acids,
enzymes, vitamins, and carotenoids. These pure compounds are composed of intricate
structures and exhibit a wide array of possible capabilities, including anticancer
potency, in a plethora of in vitro and in vivo settings. Further, these bioactive
constituents derived from seaweeds target crucial molecules that control the
development of cancer. So, this chapter mainly focuses on the anti-cancer properties of
pure compounds isolated from seaweeds and their therapeutic potential against a wide
array of cancer types.
Studi Perencanaan Konduit PengelakBendungan WairoroKabupaten Halmahera Tengah Provinsi Maluku Utara
Authors: Akhdan Wiyata Fikri , Heri Suprijanto  , Andre Primantyo Hendrawan
Published: May 2024

Di ProvinsiMaluku Utara khususnya Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah masih terjadi krisis air bersih. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut pemerintahmerencanakan pembangunan Bendungan Wairoro. Sebelum dilakukan pembangunan bendungan, pengelakan sungai harus direncanakan secara hati-hati. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendesain struktur pengelak pada Bendungan Wairoro menggunakan jenis konduit. Dalam pemilihan bentuk dan dimensi konduit dilakukan analisis hidrolik dengan menganalisis dimensi yang optimal untuk saluran pengelak. Untuk menentukan jenis liningpada saluran pengelak dilakukan perhitungan gaya-gaya yang terjadi pada struktur pengelak. Gaya yang bekerja diukur pada kondisi kritis struktur pengelak dimana kondisi saluran pengelak tepat di inti bendungan dan muka air waduk maksimum. Dalam studi ini perhitungan pembebanan dihitung menurut persamaan Mohr-Coulombdan Terzaghi. Perhitungan gaya di hitungan menggunakan tabel koefisien dan aplikasi PLAXIS8.6. Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan konduit bentuk persegidimensi 3 mmenggunakan lining beton tulangan rangkap tebal 0,75 m,dengan spesifikasi beton tulangan rangkap D19 –300 untuk tulangan lentur dan D16 –150 untuk tulangan bagi.
Studi Perencanaan Sistem Drainase Berwawasan Lingkungan Untuk Mengatasi Genangan di Perumahan Puri Dander Asri Bojonegoro
Authors: Pradita M. Ghaniy , Andawayanti Ussy , Prasetyorini Linda
Published: May 2024

Perumahan Puri Dander Asri merupakan perumahan yang berada di daerah Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Perubahan tata guna lahan menyebabkan sarana drainase pembangunan tidak berfungsi dengan efektif. Akibatnya terjadi limpasan permukaan dan berkurangnya jumlah air yang meresap ke dalam tanah sehingga genangan atau banjir terjadi saat hujan deras, sehingga diperlukan pemasangan sistem eco-drainage di perumahan. Dari hasil analisa yang telah dilakukan pada lokasi studi, besar debit banjir rancangan dengan kala ulang 5 tahun terbesar ada pada saluran E1 yaitu 0,290087 m3/detik dan hasil perhitungan dan analisa yang telah dilakukan pada lokasi studi, hasil evaluasi yang didapatkan ada 13 dari 58 saluran yang melimpas dengan total debit limpasannya 0,636 m3/detik. Upaya penanggulangan genangan yang dapat dilakukan ada 2 alternatif yaitu Operasi Pemeliharaan dengan penggalian sedimen yang ada sekaligus perencanaan sumur resapan pada saluran yang melimpas dan Menggunakan perencanaan sistem drainase yang menerapkan UB-Drain.
Studi Penanganan Genangan di Desa Wonodadi, Kecamatan Wonodadi, Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Rasyid Feby Fetryanti , Asmaranto Runi , Haribowo Riyanto
Published: May 2024

Desa Wonodadi, Kecamatan Wonodadi, Kabupaten Blitar salah satu kabupaten yang beradadi Provinsi Jawa Timur dansering mengalami genangan maupun banjir akibat perubahan tata guna lahan, dan penyempitan saluran drainase. Contoh penanganan genangan yang digunakan yaitu dengan penerapan sumur resapan yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi air limpasan permukaan di lokasi studi, selain itu juga dilakukan pelebaran dan memperdalam saluran yang memiliki dimensi kecil. Untuk menganalisanya, pemodelan genangan ini menggunakan data dari curah hujan selama 22 tahun dengan kala ulang 5 tahun serta10 tahun menggunakan aplikasi Storm Water Management Model(SWMM). Hasil kalibrasi menunjukkan nilai RootMean Square Error(RMSE) sebagaitemuankapasitas0,0028. Berdasarkan temuan simulasi, 9 dari 13 saluran drainase eksisting meluap ketika kemampuan sistem pembuangan air yang ada dengan interval pengujian 5 tahun dan 10 tahun telah terpenuhi.Denganpenerapan sumur resapanpada 7 daerah tangkapan air dengan jumlah 51 sumur.Nilai efektivitas penerapan sumur resapan pada EPA SWMM dengandurasiulang 5 tahun memperoleh sebesar 76%-96,23%, jugadurasiulang 10 tahun75,75%-96,21%.
Studi Penilaian Kinerja Fisik dan Manajemen Aset Jaringan Irigasi pada Daerah Irigasi Gogolatar Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Annisa Cahyaning Jannah  , Hari Siswoyo  , Tri Budi Prayogo
Published: May 2024

Daerah Irigasi Gogolatar terletak pada Kali Jari dibangun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pengairan irigasi di daerah Kaweron, Talun, Kabupaten Blitar. Maka untuk memastikan efektivitas pengembangan dan pengelolaan sistem irigasi, perlunya pengecekan kondisi kinerja fisik sistem irigasi di daerah tersebut yang mengairi luasan sawah 129 Ha. Hasil inventarisasi pada 2022 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 35 titik masalah yang perlu diatasi. Dari angka tersebut, terdapat 7 lokasi kerusakan pada bangunan utama, 9 lokasi masalah pada saluran pembawa, dan 19 lokasi yang memerlukan penanganan pada bangunan di saluran pembawa. Daerah Irigasi Gogolatar memperoleh nilai indeks kinerja prasarana fisik sebesar 29,28% dari total indeks skor 45% atau bisa dikategorikan kondisi sedang. Untuk mendapatkan biaya rehabilitasi bangunan yang diprioritaskan pada Daerah Irigasi Gogolatar menggunakan metode AHP, yang merupakan akronim dari Analytic Hierarchy Process dan ANP dengan akronimnya Analytical Network Process, didapatkan hasil yang sama yaitu bangunan utama dengan hasil nilai total 0,189 dan 0,126. Estimasi biaya rehabilitasi menunjukkan nilai sebesar Rp1.000.754.000,00.
Analisa Erosi dan Sedimentasi Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) di DAS Tanggul Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Pratama Noer , Ussy Andawayanti  , Linda Prasetyorini
Published: May 2024

Aktivitas penebangan liar dan pengelolaan lahan DAS Tanggul mengakibatkan perubahantata guna lahan, mengurangi vegetasi, perubahan nilai koefisien limpasandandayaikat tanah terhadap aliran permukaan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat erosi dan sedimentasi guna mendapatkanacuankonservasi tanah pada DAS Tanggul Kabupaten Jembermenggunakan metode MUSLE.Hasilnilai laju sedimentasi eksisting berkisar sebesar 366,69ton/ha/tahun atau 31,89mm/tahun dan untuk laju sedimentasi aktual adalah 184835,678ton/tahun. Nilai laju sedimentasi DAS Tanggul sebesar 31,89mm/tahun ini telah jauh melebihi batas normal toleransi erosi di Indonesia yaitu sekitar 2.5 mm/tahun. Status bahaya erosi DAS Tangguldidapatkan status kelastinggihinggasangattinggi dengan nilai IBE berkisar antara 5,22 sampai39,54, dengan presentase tinggi sebesar 22% dan 78% untuk sangat tinggi. Untuk mencegah terjadinya erosi dan laju sedimentasi, maka diperlukan arahan penggunaan lahan dengan melakukan pembagian wilayah DAS Tanggul menjadi 3 kawasanutama yaitu kawasan budidaya tanaman dengan luasan 61,96%, kawasan penyangga dengan luasan 24,84% dan kawasan lindung 13,20%. Skenario konservasi menggunakan metode vegetasimenghasilkan perubahan status lahan secara bermakna, 2sub DAS Tanggul pada status IBE tinggiberubah menjadi status sedangsedangkan5sub DAS status IBE sangat tinggi berubah menjadi status tinggi.
Studi Perencanaan Bangunan Perkuatan Tebing Sebagai Upaya Pengendalian Longsor Sungai Kusan Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Gymnastiar Andhika , Runi Asmaranto  , Very Dermawan
Published: May 2024

Sungai Kusan pada wilayah DAS Kusan banyak mengalami longsor pada tebing sungai akibat banjir pada bulan Januari-April 2021. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan perencanaan perkuatan tebing sungai agar dapat mencegah kerugian yang lebih besar. Pada studi ini, dilakukan analisis dengan beberapa metode untuk mengetahui perencanaan bangunan perkuatan tebing yang ideal berdasarkan kondisi profil aliran sungai dan kestabilan tebing eksisting. Dari hasil analisis, didapatkan penyebab longsor akibat gerusan sungai dan beberapa kondisi eksisting tebing tidak stabil. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, dilakukan pengendalian longsor dengan dinding penahan kantilever berdimensi 7x7 m. Pada pondasi kantilever di desain mini pile sepanjang 12 m, berjumlah 7 buah untuk meneruskan beban ke dalam lapisan tanah keras. Selain itu, ditambahkan desain blok beton dengan dimensi 0,7x0,7x0,7 m yang dilengkapi geotextile untuk mencegah gerusan pada tebing sungai dan pondasi kantilever. Berdasarkan kombinasi desain tersebut, maka pengendalian longsor pada tebing Sungai Kusan dapat diterima.
Estimasi Tinggi Curah Hujan dari Data Klimatologi Menggunakan Model Artificial Neural Network (ANN) di Jakarta Pusat, Provinsi DKI Jakarta
Authors: Diando Azamulail , Limantara Lily Montarcih , Wahyuni Sri
Published: May 2024

Banyaknya data yang hilang maupun kurang akibat kerusakan alat pencatat, proses perbaikan, maupun kesalahan manusia, berpengaruh besar terhadap proses Analisa sumber daya air. Kebutuhan akan data curah hujan yang lengkap dan akurat, pada proses perencanaan suatu wilayah sangatlah penting. Studi ini diharapkan dapat mengatasi kemungkinan adanya kekurangan informasi mengenai data yang dibutuhkan dalam sebuah analisis sumber daya air. Dengan menggunakan data curah hujan dan klimatologi berupa suhu udara, kelembapan, lama penyinaran matahari, dan kecepatan angin, dapat diperkirakan estimasi tinggi curah hujan yang turun di daerah dalam kurun waktu tertentu dengan menggunakan metode permodelan jaringan syaraf tiruan. Pada studi ini ditemukan nilai validasi terbaik pada proses kalibrasi dengan rentang 29 tahun, dengan epoch 1500, didapatkan nilai Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) = 0,81, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 66,12, dan Koefisien Korelasi (R) = 0,9, sedangkan nilai validasi terbaik pada proses verifikasi dengan rentang 1 tahun, epoch 1000, didapatkan nilai Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) = 0,83, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 57,81, dan Koefisien Korelasi  (R) = 0.98.
Kajian Hidrolika Pelimpah Samping Dilengkapi Pintu Geser Bendungan Cabean Kabupaten Blora Model Tes Skala 1:25
Authors: Jayanti Nurul Dwi , Heri Suprijanto  , Dian Sisinggih
Published: May 2024

Pembangunan bendungan Cabean ditujukan utama sebagai upaya konservasi air di lokasi tersebut khususnya pada sektor pertanian yang membutuhkan suplai air yang cukup, maka direncanakan bendungan Cabean yang berlokasi di Sungai Galuk DAS Juana Desa Karanganyar Kecamatan Todanan Kabupaten Blora Jawa Tengah. Untuk penyempurnaan desain rencana, maka diperlukan model test (uji fisik) pada bangunan pelimpah samping dengan 2 pintu geser) untuk menyelidiki atau mengetahui perilaku hidraulika dan untuk menguji keamanan bangunan Pelimpah Bendungan Cabean. Pengukuran ini dilakukan 3 kali pengulangan yaitu seri 0 (original design), seri 1 (modifikasi design) dan seri 2 (final design). Analisis hidrolika dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana kondisi aliran pada model pelimpah dan melihat kondisi gerusan lokal pada hilir sungai yang nantinya akan dibandingkan antara hasil pengukuran model, perhitungan analitis dan numerik menggunakan iRIC Nays2Dh 3.0. Hasil pengujian final design menunjukkan bahwa bangunan telah aman dari bahaya kavitas, aliran getar dan kondisi gerusan sungai telah ditangani dengan penambahan perkuatan bronjong pada tebing sungai.
Analisis Kapasitas Saluran Drainase Kelurahan Kalipang Kecamatan Sutojayan Kabupaten Blitar menggunakan EPA SWMM 5.1
Authors: Cahyo Trilaksono  , Runi Asmaranto  , Riyanto Haribowo
Published: May 2024

Perubahan lahan terbuka hijau menjadi kawasan permukiman di Kelurahan Kalipang  mempengaruhi kemampuan lahan dalam menyerap air. Salah satu dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh hal tersebut yaitu meningkatnya limpasan permukaan,sehingga menyebabkan saluran meluap dan terjadi genangan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kapasitas saluran drainase eksisting yang ada di Kelurahan Kalipang Kecamatan Sutojayan Kabupaten Blitar. Dalam studi ini digunakan aplikasi SWMM 5.1 untuk membantu simulasi hujan menjadi limpasan permukaan dan melakukan analisis kapasitas saluran. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan total limpasan yang terjadi dengan menggunakan hujan rancangan kala ulang 5 tahun yaitu sebesar 126.98 103m3. Hasil simulasi menunjukan terdapat 9 Daerah Pengaliran Saluran (subcatchment)  (S2, S4, S6, S19, S35, S38, S42, S43 dan S48) menghasilkan limpasan permukaan yang besar dengan nilai debit limpasan lebih besar dari 0.5 m3/detik. Analisis terhadap kapasitas tampungan saluran menunjukan terdapat 27 saluran yang tidak mencukupi dan mengakibatkan luapan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut maka dilakukan perencanaan pengembangan dengan melakukan perubahan dimensi terhadap saluran yang meluap 27 dan 4 saluran sekitarnya. Saluran yang telah dilakukan perubahan memiliki dimesi tinggi 0.5-1 m dan lebar 0.5-1 m.  Solusi lainnya dengan merencanakan penambahan 3 saluran baru dan 2 penambahan outfall dilakukan untuk mengurangi debit limpasan pada saluran eksisting.