bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Capaian Peta Jalan JKN di Provinsi Bengkulu Studi Kasus Sectio Caesarea Tahun 2014 Sampai 2019
Authors: Wulan Susilo , Nurdan Jon Hendri , Yandrizal Yandrizal , Kurniawan Muhamad Faozi , Setiawan Eko Rahman , Dirhan Dirhan
Published: January 2022

Bengkulu adalah salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang dalam 5 tahun terakhir sejak implementasi JKN tercatat mengalami peningkatan proporsi persalinan lewat operasi Caesar. Sementara, BPJS Kesehatan melaksanakan fungsi pembiayaan dalam pelayanan kesehatan JKN. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi capaian sasaran equity kasus SC di Provinsi Bengkulu berdasarkan peta jalan JKN 2014-2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah mix method yakni kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan cara analisis data JKN dan SUSENAS serta wawancara pihak BPJS Kesehatan dan Dinas Kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola program JKN di Provinsi Bengkulu sudah cukup baik dalam aspek capaian kepesertaan. Namun, pada pemerataan pelayanan dibutuhkan keterbukaan dan sinergitas program dan kebijakan antara pemerintah daerah dan BPJS Kesehatan. Layanan SC di Provinsi Bengkulu belum merata dan berkeadilan. Utilisasi layanan operasi caesar lebih banyak dinikmati oleh peserta JKN yang tinggal di Kota Bengkulu dan didominasi segmen kepesertaan mampu yakni PPU (39%) dan PBPU (45%). Pengawasan layanan SC perlu dilakukan secara cermat. Selain itu, pemenuhan kebijakan kompensasi pelayanan SC perlu diupayakan bagi wilayah faskes tidak memadai oleh BPJS Kesehatan maupun Pemerintah Provinsi Bengkulu.
Physicians’ Behavior in Referring National Health Insurance Patients to Hospital
Authors: Natalia Natalia , Idris Haerawati
Published: January 2022

Physicians’ decision to refer patients in primary health care is vital in supporting the referral system. The increase of referral cases impacted the claims cost and hospital workload. This study aimed to analyze the physicians’ behavior in referring National Health Insurance (NHI) patients to hospitals. This study employed a qualitative method; 18 informants were selected using purposive sampling and analyzed using content analysis. The data were validated by triangulating method, source, and data. Physicians referred patients when the cases could not be handled; there were indications of severe disease and required further examination. The obstacles in the referral system were pressure from NHI patients that wanted to be referred and diagnosed differently from ICD 10. In referring NHI patients, physicians had followed referral procedures and criteria. High referrals were caused by patients being forced to be referred, coming with complaints of severe disease, having examined in a hospital, and some cases should not be referred to but still referred by entering a similar diagnosis into the ICD 10. It is expected that public health centers will educate NHI patients related to tiered referral procedures in health services.
Students’ Metacognitive Competencies: Effect on Mastery of Learning Strategies and Outcomes
Authors: Lan Shi , Cheng Eric C. K.
Published: January 2022

This paper discusses the constructs of students’ metacognitive competencies and its effect on mastery of learning strategies and enhancing learning outcomes in the context of high school in Shanghai, China, where Learning to Learn curriculum has been implemented for years. 780 students from three types of typical high schools in Shanghai participated in a questionnaire survey. Result of a structural equation model shows that metacognitive knowledge, planning, monitoring, and evaluation constitute students’ metacognitive competencies which effectively predict mastery of learning strategies and their student learning outcomes. Pedagogies for metacognitive teaching for effectively implementing the Learning to learn curriculum are proposed.
The Representation Strategies of Preschool Children When Solving Numeracy Task
Authors: Ghazali Munirah , Ismail Zurida , Ashari Zakiah Mohd , Mustafa Zainun
Published: January 2022

Identifying and addressing the knowledge gap in early numeracy is crucial, given the strong associations between early numeracy skills and later school success. The purpose of this study is to establish current viewpoints and ideas on children’s numeracy development via three
forms of representation: manipulative, symbolic, and static. The Children’s Numeracy Task was used to assess eleven preschool children’s numeracy knowledge via a semi-structured interview. The task was also designed to be presented in the three mathematical representations: concrete,
static, and symbolic. The findings indicate that preschool children are more likely to use symbolic representation in solving a given task. This study highlights perspectives on how to apply various representations as pedagogical and assessment strategies to address the children’s readiness
for a mathematics lesson at the primary school level.
Følsomme lesninger. Affektteori og litteraturundervisning i Fagfornyelsen
Authors: Buvik Sivertsen Kristin
Published: January 2022

Denne artikkelen argumenterer for at en følelses- og affektbasert litteraturdidaktikk kan bidra til en mer aktiv og engasjerende litteraturlesing, i tillegg til å styrke elevens emosjonelle literacy. Både i utvalget av pensumtekster og i leserresponsen til elevene burde følelser spille en viktigere rolle. Utvalget av tekster kan baseres på deres affektive ladning, altså hva slags stemninger, følelser og affekter de setter i spill. Med utgangspunkt i Rita Felskis bruksperspektiv på litteratur i Uses of Litterature, påpekes det her at å undervise med utgangspunkt i følelsesmessig gjenkjennelse eller en litterær interaksjon preget av sjokk, er en tilnærming som ikke bare kan oppleves mer relevant for elevene, men som også oppfyller intensjonene med flere elementer i Fagfornyelsen. Artikkelen demonstrerer hvordan man kan arbeide affektbasert med litteratur i klasserommet med utgangspunkt i lesninger av bla. Monica Isakstuens Rase og Yahya Hassans Digte.
«Mitt namn er Petter Dass, som bur mot norskfagets ende»
Authors: Spaans Ronny
Published: January 2022

Skulereformer dei seinaste tiåra, som Kunnskapslyftet 2006, har utvida norskfaget med nye tekstkulturar og kompetansemål. Eit pensum i norskfaget basert på klassiske skjønnlitterære verk er for lengst passé. Denne utviklinga har hatt eit todelt utfall på ein historisk forfattarskap som Petter Dass. På den eine sida les vi ikkje han lenger som nasjonallitteratur; det kan føre til at nokon heller ikkje ser verdien av å undervise om diktarpresten i skulen. Men på den andre sida fører nye tekstkulturar med seg ei oppmjuking av det tradisjonelle skiljet mellom fag- og skjønnlitteratur. Det har ein heldig effekt: ei gjenoppdaging av den historiske Petter Dass og nye perspektiv på Dass’ dikting. I denne artikkelen undersøkjer eg for det fyrste historiske sider ved Petter Dass; Dass som didaktikar og som naturhistorisk forfattar. Deretter undersøkjer eg omtalen av diktarpresten i eit utval nye læreverk for å finne ut om nye sider ved diktarpresten er komne med. Artikkelen viser både heldige og uheldige freistnader på å fornye formidlinga av barokkdiktaren i nyare læreverk.
Pattern of Drug Utilisation in the Management of Hyperpigmentary Disorders in a Tertiary Care Hospital- An Observational Study
Authors: Arunnair Vijayamathy , Kumaraswamy Girish , Ramesh M
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Hyperpigmentary disorders, a common skin disorder affecting individuals with darker skin especially Asians, Blacks, Hispanics and American Indians, has a great impact on patient’s Quality of Life (QOL) with physical distress and psychological impact, and studies have shown that there is an improvement in QOL after treatment. The topical medications include sunscreens, demelanising agents, immunomodulators like tacrolimus, retinoids and Glucocorticoids (GCs). Systemic therapy includes GCs and antioxidants. Physical therapy includes chemical peels, microderma abrasion, Laser and light therapies and mesotherapy. Aim: To determine the pattern of drug use in hyperpigmentary disorders, to assess the tolerability of therapy and to analyse the effect of hyperpigmentary disorders of skin to the prescribed medications on the QOL before and after treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted on 102 newly diagnosed and untreated participants with hyperpigmentary disorders, who attended Dermatology Outpatient Department of a tertiary care hospital, Bangalore, India. The pattern of drug therapy, route of administration and Adverse Events (AEs) to the therapy was documented and analysed using descriptive statistics. The QOL using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was assessed before and after treatment using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The patients were monitored every 30 days for three months to study the appropriateness, changing trends in prescription pattern, tolerability and QOL. Results: A total of 102 participants were enrolled for the study. The mean age was 33.71±10.68 years in males and 34.07±10.27 years in females. The different classes of drugs used were demelanising agents, sunscreens, antifibrinolytics, calcineurin inhibitors, keratolytics, glucocorticoids. The number ranged from 2-4 drugs per participant with a mean of 3.01±1.01. A significant improvement in the QOL was observed after treatment (p-value <0.01). Most of the AEs were self limiting except a few (acneiform eruption, rosacea) which were topical GCs induced. Conclusion: The individualised prescription pattern by treating physician was in concurrence with the standard line of therapy as they fulfilled the desired objectives. Hydroquinone (HQ), tranexamic acid and triple formula were the mainstay of treatment. The QOL improved after treatment.
Comparative Analysis of Immunohistochemistry of Hormone Receptors in Breast Cancer by Conventional and Microwave Tissue Processing Methods
Authors: Ramakrishnan Janaky , Sideeque Asiq N , Khader Reslin A
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Rapid histopathological processing of neoplastic biopsies is crucial for initiating early therapy in patients. Microwave processing shortens the time to diagnosis and is less labour intensive. Aim: To compare the quality of immunohistochemical staining of Estrogen Receptors (ER) and Progesterone Receptors (PR) on paired breast samples using microwave processing versus conventional processing. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, India, from February 2014 to September 2015. A total of 44 paired samples from breast carcinoma patients were taken. Baseline characteristics of the patients such as age and type of carcinoma were noted. Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain was used. One slide of the pair was processed conventionally and the other using a microwave. The stained slides were observed by three pathologists. The validity of ER and PR receptor status was evaluated with sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV). Kappa statistics and Spearman’s correlation test was used to denote the agreement between them. Results: The mean age was 51.32±11.16 years. There was agreement (Cohen k=0.902) between the microwave processed and conventionally processed paired breast samples for ER. The sensitivity and specificity of microwave processing in ER evaluation was 87.5% and 100% while that of PR evaluation was 92.9% and 100% respectively. The PPV was 100% and NPV was 93.3% for ER evaluation by microwave processing. Conclusion: Microwave aided tissue processing had significant advantages over conventional methods for providing a rapid diagnosis, being less laborious and had effective staining, which makes it a better choice.
The Beauty of Mathematics: Learning Mathematics by Questioning
Authors: Mokaya Nathan Oigo , Nyakung’u Walter , Tiluk Samuel
Published: January 2022

Mathematics problems may seem to have no real use in life, but this could be further from the truth. The use of mathematics is everywhere in our daily lives and, without discovering it; we apply mathematics ideas, as well as the skills we learn from executing mathematical challenges every day. Unfortunately, mathematics feedback at national examinations is deficient. A mean of between 23 to 29 percent for 5 years in a row from 2014 to 2018 is a clear indication that the training of students today for tomorrow’s workplace with concept development in context, problem solving through interactive experiences and understanding through application is missed. Over this period, the evaluation of the outcome has also shown a standard deviation almost equal to the mean or even greater than the mean for instance 2016 for paper 2 (refer to Kenya National Examinations Council Report) is a clear sign that there is a big disparity from the mean and a likelihood of a number of students scoring zeros or below 10 percent. This dismal performance in national examinations particularly in mathematics demonstrates that contextual curricula and instructions that encourage numerous structures of learning like relating, transferring, applying, experiencing and collaborating are not achieved. Therefore, this article looks into different contexts in which students learn and how they broaden their abilities to make connections, enjoy discovery, and apply the knowledge learnt. These are abilities they will need throughout their daily lives and careers. Being able to do arithmetic is of little ultimate use to an individual unless he or she can apply it. Each arithmetic operation is explored in detail for its applications in the real world problems. Real life challenges motivate ideas and provide additional settings for practice.
LSB-based Audio Steganographical Framework for Securing Data in Transit
Authors: Kordzo Abiew Nuku Atta , Dorgbefu Jnr. Maxwell , Brown-Acquaye William
Published: January 2022

The benefits that individuals and organizations derive from the digital era comes with its own challenges. Globally, data has become one of the greatest assets for decision making and operational improvements among businesses, government agencies and even individuals. Data on its own and at its source does not make so much contribution to business processes. Data is transmitted from one location to another towards attainment of its goal as a critical resource in decision making. However, data including sensitive or confidential ones are transmitted via public channels such as the Internet. The data so transmitted via the Internet is vulnerable to interception and unauthorized manipulation. This demands that data in transit is protected from the prying eyes of the malicious internet users. One of such strategies for transmitting data via public channels such as the Internet without attracting attention from intruders is steganography. In this paper, the least significant bit algorithm was used with an audio file for hiding data in transit. The algorithm used in this research proves to be one of the simplest ways of securing data using audio steganography. The method employed the LSB technique by using audio files as the stego object for the final implementation in the Java programming language. The experimental results proved to be one of the best methods of implementing steganography. The accuracy of the stego objects shows high quality, and similarity scores with an improved processing time.
Diagnosing High Water Production in Kalama Field, Niger Delta
Authors: Joseph Amieibibama , James Friday
Published: January 2022

Produced water is water trapped in underground formations that is brought to the surface along with oil or gas. It is by far the largest volume by-product or waste stream associated with oil and gas production especially in brown fields. Management of produced water present challenges and costs to operations. In this paper, the possible causes, effects and solutions of high water-cut is being investigated in some production oil wells in Niger Delta, using Kalama field as a case study. Diagnostic and performance plots were developed in order to determine the source of water as well as to evaluate the impact of excess water production on oil production and in field economics in general. Results obtained from the diagnostic plots showed the possible sources of water production are channeling behind casing and multi-layered channeling. The recommended remediation is cementation through a workover operation. Also, a concise step to be taken for identifying excess water was also developed in this work to effectively control excess water production in oil producing wells.
Analytical Strategies for the Detection and Quantification of Nano-formulated Antibiotics: Updates and Perspectives
Authors: Mishra Haragouri , Behera Amulyaratna , Sankar Kar Sidhartha , Pattnaik Gurudutta , Kanhar Satish , Dash Swagatika
Published: January 2022

The rapid development of drug resistant micro-organisms is a challenge to the mankind. Nano formulated compounds have proved to be effective strategy to combat bacterial drug resistance. Currently nanoparticulate systems such as nanoantibiotics are getting major attention due to their low inherent toxicity, biodegradability, bioincompatibility and tuneable mechanical characteristics. Nano formulated antibiotics are generally obtained by emulsification and gelification techniques. The effective uses of polymers in encapsulation of antibiotics show enhancement of the efficacy of antibiotics. Combined with techniques like diffraction laser spectroscopy (DLS), electron microscopy (EM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), morphological research of nanoformulated antibiotics are conducted. The detailed study of the polymers used in the preparation of antibiotics nanoparticles as well as their impact on interactions is done by bio-analytical techniques. Antibiotics attached to nanoparticles can avoid the action of enzymes produced by drug resistant bacteria.  Nano antibiotics show higher efficacy and bioavailability so a lot of new formulations using nano methods can be developed with the help of bioanalytical techniques. The development as well as the estimation of antibiotics prepared as nano-formulations as per the recent advanced techniques is illustrated in this review.
The Prevalence of Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Citrobacter and Morganilla Pathogens among Patients with Infectious Diseases at a Governmental Hospital in Riyadh Region
Authors: Ahmad Nehad J. , Salkini Mohamad Ayman
Published: January 2022

Aim: The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Citrobacter and Morganilla pathogens among patients with infectious diseases at a governmental hospital in Riyadh Region.

Methodology: This study was conducted in a governmental hospital in Riyadh region. Data were collected from the bacterial cultures results that was prepared the laboratory department in the hospital.

Results: In the 3 years, the total number of gram negative isolates was 2135. Citrobacter bacteria represented 2.25%, Morganilla represented 1.97%, Stenotrophomonas represented 1.64%, and Serratia represented 1.59% of the gram negative isolates.

Conclusion: The present study showed that the rate of Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Citrobacter, or Morganilla was low. More studies are needed to know the prevalence of these 4 bacteria and to explore the bacterial resistance rate to the available antibiotics.
Study on Septal Correction: Review of Literature and Clinical Findings
Authors: Bomanwar Aarya , Singh Chandra Veer
Published: January 2022

Septal reconstruction has many needs and usages. Nowadays, people are very concerned about looking and would like to correct them. Septal reconstruction has been immensely used in the field of cosmetics. A successful septoplasty would lead us to know about the pathology of the septum by which we can avoid further complications. It would be further significant in nasal obstruction or difficulty in breathing. Deviation of the nasal septum can also be corrected by septal   reconstruction by various techniques used for septoplasty. Complete septal reconstruction is the best method for extreme S-shaped and wave-like deviations or multiple fractures. The septoplasty is performed endonasal for caudal septal deviation. Traction sutures to rectify the caudal septum deviation is another type of surgery. Septoplasty usually opens the way for all other rhinoplasty procedures, as a straight, stable septum reflects the attractiveness and functionality of the nose. The patient's history and the surgeon's expertise play a favorable outcome. In conjunction with other nose procedures, such as cosmetic rhinoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery, Septoplasty is frequently done to alleviate nasal airway obstruction or headaches induced by rhinology irritation produced by touch. Endoscopic septoplasty requires the same amount of time and delivers equal, if not better, results than previous procedures. Visualization is vastly improved by endoscopic technology. Isolated deviation, spurs, perforations, and contact sites are examples of distinct septal disorders that can be treated individually using this procedure. In this review article, the importance of traction sutures is mentioned. The article gives us an idea about Septoplasty and how it can be achieved, its complications, risk factors, and a few postoperative points.
Prescription Audit of Out-Patient Attendees in Gynecology Department in India
Authors: Sahni Aastha , Dahiwele Akshay
Published: January 2022

Background: Prescription auditing is a comprehensive clinical audit process that improves the quality of care by systematically reviewing treatment against defined criteria and making changes as a consequence. A prescription is a written order from a doctor to the person who will supply the drug. Every country has its own set of prescription information requirements and rules and regulations defining which pharmaceuticals require a prescription and who is eligible to write it.

Objective: The study aims to determine the quality of out-patient department (OPD) prescription forms in Indian tertiary care, highlighting the elements that should be written in a prescription to improve the institution's overall quality of care.

Methodology: This will be a cyclical activity that will assess prescriber's practice of generating  prescription orders, refining it to solve problems detected, and comparing the outcomes to audit criteria that have been agreed upon. This will be a cross sectional study conducted in AVBRH hospital setting and data will be collected from OBGY OPD and will be analyzed using SPSS Version 25.

Expected Results:  According to the findings of the various prescription audits, the percentage of drugs administered by generic name is lower than required. The average number of antibiotic prescriptions is higher than the prescribed amount. NLEM's suggested drug list should be expanded.

Conclusion:  Prescribers must be aware of the need to write prescriptions in legible handwriting with capital letters for pharmaceuticals with generic names, as well as receive continuous training and be encouraged to do so. The most important condition for a prescription is that it be clear, understandable, and specific.
Open Reduction & Internal Fixation of a Distal Radius Fracture with a Volar Locking Plate: A Case Report
Authors: Mervinrosario P. M. , Reddy Vijay Narasimman , Ravichandran Aravind
Published: January 2022

The present case report describe Open Reduction & Internal Fixation of a Distal Radius Fracture With a Volar Locking Plate. Anatomical reduction & stable fixation of fracture with or without bone grafting, greatly reduces the incidence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis & stiffness. The accuracy of fracture reduction co- relates directly to the final outcome. A 34-year-old man fell on his right outstretched h&. He presented to the casuality & on physical examination, he was noted to have deformity about his right wrist with moderate swelling. There was no neuro-vascular deficit. Various treatment modalities have been developed for distal radius fracture fixation. Treatment options range from closed reduction & cast application to open reduction with plates & screws. Locking plates address intra-articular & metaphyseal comminution. Biomechanical studies comparing volar fixed- angle locking plates with that of conventional dorsal plates report volar fixed-angled plates to be superior in terms of their strength.
A Comprehensive Study on Environmental Pollution and Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Adkine Abhishek , Mahajan Kalyani
Published: January 2022

Vehicular traffic contributes significantly to the pollution of air and neighborhood noise. Since there is increasing affirmation that ambient air pollution hurts reproductive health, which is less known regarding the relationship between traffic noise and pregnancy outcomes. Many researchers have investigated all the possible adverse effects of ambient air pollution on birth outcomes during the last decade or so. We examined these studies, which were discovered by thoroughly searching the major scientific databases. Overall, research suggests that air pollution and noise pollution significantly impact birth outcomes, while the quality of the deposition varies. Researchers utilized connected administrative health data sources to discover pregnancy outcomes with detailed covariate data (gender, contemporary lifestyle, total no of pregnancies, birth month and year, and so on), earnings and education, and mother housing history. Using the deterministic model (CadnaA) and air pollutants exposure, they assessed noise exposure during pregnancy by assessing temporally adjusted land-use regression. Noise exposure is related to reduced birth weight. We also looked into various processes to prevent air pollution and noise. As a result of the policy change and technical innovation, the government, authorities, and industry have been at the forefront of combating pollution. Pollution levels in and around people's homes and workplaces are typically beyond their control. However, few things may be done to mitigate the impacts of contaminated air.
A Brief Review on Viral Variants of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Panchal Ishank , Vagha Sunita
Published: January 2022

SARS is a type of acute respiratory syndrome. Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2), highly contagious, affecting people worldwide. Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID19) leads to a rapidly spreading respiratory distress syndrome. It has caused a global pandemic and severe health crisis in most countries. Due to its continual evolution, further research into the virus's pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms and the development of efficient therapy techniques are urgently required. The current paper summarises what is known about the virus's evolutionary and structural features to comprehend better its mutational pattern and probable role in the current pandemic. In December 2019, the Coronavirus Disease (SARSCoV2) began a destructive path toward a global pandemic in Wuhan, China. Since then, several SARS CoV2 variants have been discovered. Despite the speedy development of a COVID19 vaccine and ongoing mass vaccination efforts around the globe, the discovery of the latest SARSCoV2 variants could undermine the substantial success till now in stopping the spread of SARSCoV2.This review aims to characterize the different SARS CoV2 mutations and investigate the associated morbidity and death.

Due to the virus's steady improvement, with its various unmarried nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) versions and lineages, figuring out SARS-CoV-2 infectivity is extraordinarily hard. but, similarly research into the virus's pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms, as well as the improvement of green therapy strategies, is urgent present-day The present day contribution summarises existing expertise regarding the virus's evolutionary and structural homes to clarify its mutational sample and ability function inside the ongoing pandemic.
Mean Levels of B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) in Patients with Mitral Stenosis Caused by Rheumatic Heart Disease
Authors: Hussain Altaf , Memon Faraz Farooq , Ahmed Iftikhar , Raza Syed Ahsan , Rai Lajpat , Kumar Ashok , Khan Atif Ahmed , Sial Javed Akbar , Ashraf Tariq , Saghir Tahir , Qamar Nadeem
Published: January 2022

Objective: Mitral stenosis caused by rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most common cause of valvular lesion in adults and prevalent in developing countries like Pakistan. Higher natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels can be observed in patients with moderate to severe untreated mitral stenosis and are associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. That is why this study aims to determine the association between levels of pro-BNP with severity (mild. Moderate, and severe) of mitral stenosis.

Patients and Methods: This was a clinical prospective study carried out in the department of adult cardiology, national institute of cardiovascular diseases, Karachi from 8th august 2019 to 7th February 2020. Total 68 patients of either gender with age between 25-70 years had mitral stenosis of moderate to severe intensity (mitral valve area ≤1.5 cm2), diagnosed on echocardiography were included for final analysis. A simple blood sample was taken for the assessment of pro-BNP levels. Questionnaire was used for demographic & clinical data collection and analysed using SPSS version 22.0.

Results: The overall mean age of study subjects was 42.21±11.50 years, ranging from 25 – 70 years. Among them, females were prevalent (n = 43, 63.2%). The overall mean serum BNP level was 1071.12±807.26 pg/ml and the mean difference of serum BNP level was not significant among groups of gender, age, and diabetes mellitus with p>0.05. Significantly raised levels of BNP were observed in patients with severe mitral stenosis as compared to moderate mitral stenosis, p<0.05

Conclusion: In conclusion, the mean BNP levels were higher in patients with severe Mitral Stenosis. Therefore, BNP may be used to complement the clinical and echocardiographic assessments in patients with Mitral Stenosis.
An Association between COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bansod Aaditi , Anjankar Ashish
Published: January 2022

Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses accountable for initiating severe acute respiratory syndrome  (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Common Cold, etc. Studies have found a certainly available development severity about covid epidemic over rising in blood glucose level sufferers. There is the effect of functioning dextrose equilibrium, rawness, change-resistant level together with a start regarding this peptide-aldosterone method (RAAS) caused by possible infective connection in the middle of  SARS-CoV-2 along with insulin-dependent diabetes. Your chance regarding come to have extremely unwell against SARS-CoV-2 live probable via occurring minor whether you all are blood glucose level crop up controlled. Experience coronary illness either more difficulty over inclusion on rising in blood glucose level would intensify this likeliness on obtaining solemnly sick by SARS-CoV-2, similar to another fervid contamination, on account of additional compared to only situation build that solid as you all are physique directed toward opposing this contamination. Growing contamination would too expand swelling, either inner bump, rising humans accompanied by a rise in blood glucose level, above-target blood sugars can also be the cause of that, and more severe complications can happen due to that inflammation. Instead of the other side, recently developed rise in glucose blood level and extreme catabolic difficulties regarding the previous rise in blood glucose level, as well as ketoacidosis diabetic including non-ketotic hyperglycemia considering whichever unusually excessive shots regarding hypoglycaemic agent come about validate, turned out to be seen within sufferer of SARS-CoV-2. In Hindustan throughout this, another upsurge regarding this SARS-CoV-2, seeing that unparalleled gush over patient regarding black fungus took place were seen: resistance down-regulation give rise to Covid-19 along with this utilization regarding effective against a wide range of organisms along with glucocorticoids-specific convalescent which is a dully restrained rise in blood glucose level along the ketoacidosis—are to be expected be obliged to come up with up to mutiny. SARS-CoV-2 comes behind alongside black fungus shore extreme risk bloodshed rate along with opportune observation, fungicidal treatment, cruel incision, the usually surgical removal of lacerated left important element of this operation.
Domperidone Prescribing in the Outpatient Setting in Al-Kharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alsubaie Mohamed R. , Almutairi Abdullah T.
Published: January 2022

Aim: This study aimed to describe domperidone prescribing in the outpatient setting in Al-Kharj.

Methodology: This is a retrospective study that includes reviewing the electronic prescriptions of domperidone among outpatients in a governmental hospital in Alkharj.

Results: During the study period between January 2018 to June 2018, 173 patients received domperidone. More than 54% of the patients were males and the age of most of them was less than 20 years (61.85%). More than 27% of the patients used domperidone for 3 days and 23.12% of them used it for 7 days. Most of the prescriptions where written by residents (97.11%) and most of the prescriptions were prescribed by emergency department (89.02%).

Conclusion: The present study showed that domperidone was prescribed commonly in the outpatient setting. More studies are needed to explore the frequency of its prescribing in other settings and to explore the appropriateness of its use in different settings.
Knowledge, and Awareness of Covid Vaccines among Senior Citizens in Chennai
Authors: Varshan E. Ilammaran , S Preetha , Sridevi G. , Prathap Lavanya
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2. It first originated from Wuhan, China. It has caused many effects on each and every part of people all over the world. So many pharmaceutical companies have tried to find vaccines against. India found one of its kinds, named Covaxin and Covishield. The awareness of vaccines is needed to people of all age groups. This study is aimed to create awareness and knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines among senior citizens.

Materials and Methods: Online based, cross-sectional survey was conducted for a period of one week among 136 senior citizens aged between 55-100 years. The survey questions were created using Google forms and sent via whatsapp and email to their family members to translate them. The survey consists of 13 questions in which two were demographic details and the rest were questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Chi-square test was done to analyze the correlations p value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: 136 senior citizens responded to the survey. The majority of the populations were females (62.5%) within the age group 60-70 years in Chennai. Out of 136, 91.8% were aware of covid pandemic, 81.6% were aware covid vaccine, 74.2% think vaccine is necessary for corona, 69.1% weren’t aware of types of vaccine available for coronavirus in India, 73.5% answered it’s an important tool to stop pandemic and 66.1% were willing to get vaccinated. 60-80 showed better awareness about the benefits of vaccines when compared to other age groups (p value 0.028)

Conclusion: The survey showed the senior citizens of Chennai were more aware (81.6%) about Covid vaccine and Covid-pandemic. Females (62.5%) had better awareness when compared to males (37.5%).
Hypertension Related Knowledge and Its Relationship with Control of High Blood Pressure in Pakistan
Authors: Younas Bilal , Fahad Muhammad , Arslan Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Introduction: High blood pressure (HBP) is a leading major risk factor for chronic diseases such as CKD, CADx, and deaths. The prevalence of patients with hypertension (HT) has risen from 600 million in 1980 to one billion in 2008.

Aims and Objectives: The basic aim of the study is to find the relationship of knowledge about hypertension with the control of blood pressure.

Methodology of the Study: This cross sectional study was conducted in Mayo hospital Lahore from January 2021 to July 2021. The data was collected from 100 patients with high blood pressure who visited the OPD of our hospital. A questionnaire was prepared by the researchers in accordance with the literature to measure the level of knowledge about HT.

Results: The data was collected from 100 patients of both genders. On comparison of questions related to knowledge, there was a statistically significant difference in; meaning of hypertension (p <0.001), target SBP (p0.001), target DBP (p 0.001), importance of SBP versus DBP, improvement of health with lowering of blood pressure (p 0.002), high blood pressure being asymptomatic (p <0.001), changing lifestyle improves blood pressure (p 0.003), hypertension being a lifelong disease (<0.001), lifelong treatment with anti-hypertensives (<0.001) and high blood pressure being part of aging (<0.001).

Conclusion: It is concluded that patients who were aware that elevated BP levels lead to reductions in life expectancy had a higher compliance level with medication use and follow-up visits than patients without this awareness.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis’s with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Dubey Tanishq , Deshmukh Prasad
Published: January 2022

Chronic Rhinosinusitis is a chronic disease that negatively affects the quality of life. When associated with nasal polyps, there is worsening of the condition, and it becomes harder to treat due to the high rates of recurrence and the increased morbidity rates. Though having a set treatment method, the condition still has unknown etiology and pathophysiology, which makes it extremely hard to diagnose and evaluate. Due to these unknown factors, treatment is still not as precise and effective; we still rely on systemic drugs like corticosteroids which most often do not resolve the disease, and we then present surgical options, though effective still do not pose as an effective cure, which may be a factor in the high rate of recurrences. However, there have been giant leaps in the specialized research of this particular topic, leading to classification through biomarkers allowing us to study and consolidate data on the disease pathology and all of the different options causing recurrences, which further enhances our understanding of how this disease affects a diverse population. The majority of the treatment given in this disease is not evidence-based but instead based on clinical observation and experience. Therefore, with CRSwNP, we are confronted with more questions than answers, which is problematic as the disease can often be associated with comorbidities leading to a further decrease in quality of life. Hence, this review article aims to aggregate and compile this valuable research and highlight the strides which have already been made while promoting additional research so that the disease can become more manageable without any recurrence.
Glucose and Lactate Reference Intervals for White Sturgeon and Evaluation of Two Point-of-Care Devices in Sturgeon Infected with Veronaea botryosa
Authors: Hagen Katharina B. , Marie Lima Kelly , Ang June , Montealegre-Golcher Federico , Alonso Flavio H. , Soto Esteban
Published: January 2022

White Sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus are cultured for human consumption as well as for conservation purposes. In this study, two commercially available portable devices for measuring glucose and lactate were compared to a benchtop analyzer and blood reference intervals were generated using heparin plasma collected from 43 healthy White Sturgeon yearlings. The generated normal ranges were used to compare plasma values collected from Veronaea botryosa-infected White Sturgeon at 10, 20, and 30 d postchallenge (dpc). In the 43 healthy yearlings, significantly different glucose and lactate values were obtained when comparing the portable devices to the benchtop analyzer. In the portable devices, blood glucose showed a consistent bias of 12.3 mg/dL and blood lactate showed a proportional bias. The detected blood glucose values in infected sturgeon were significantly different from those in noninfected controls when using the benchtop analyzer at 20 and 30 dpc and when using the portable device at 20 dpc. However, blood glucose in infected individuals and controls was within the reference interval on either device. No significant difference was noted for lactate measurements in infected sturgeon. The results of this study indicate that portable devices for blood glucose and blood lactate evaluation in White Sturgeon may be useful in a setting where relative values are an acceptable approximation of absolute values.
A High‐Performance In‐Memory Photodetector Realized by Charge Storage in a van der Waals MISFET
Authors: Li Songyu , Zhang Zeyu , Chen Xiaoqing , Deng Wenjie , Lu Yue , Sui Manling , Gong Fan , Xu Guoliang , Li Xuhong , Liu Famin , You Congya , Chu Feihong , Wu Yi , Yan Hui , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: January 2022

The emerging data‐intensive applications in optoelectronics are driving innovation toward the fused integration of sensing, memory, and computing to break through the restrictions of the von Neumann architecture. However, the present photodetectors with only optoelectronic conversion functions cannot satisfy the growing demands of the multifunctions required in single devices. Here, a novel route for the integration of non‐volatile memory into a photodetector is proposed, with a WSe2/h‐BN van der Waals heterostructure on a Si/SiO2 substrate to realize in‐memory photodetection. This photodetector exhibits an ultrahigh readout photocurrent of 3.4 µA and photoresponsivity of 337.8 A W−1 in the solar‐blind wavelength region, together with an extended retention time of more than 10 years. Furthermore, the charge‐storage‐based non‐volatile mechanism of h‐BN/SiO2 is successfully proven through a novel analysis of in situ optoelectronic electron energy‐loss spectroscopy. These results represent a leap forward to future applications and insightful mechanisms of in‐memory photodetection.
Visible‐Blind ZnMgO Colloidal Quantum Dot Downconverters Expand Silicon CMOS Sensors Spectral Coverage into Ultraviolet and Enable UV‐Band Discrimination
Authors: Saha Avijit , Kumar Gaurav , Pradhan Santanu , Dash Gauttam , Viswanatha Ranjani , Konstantatos Gerasimos
Published: January 2022

Selective spectral detection of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is highly important across numerous fields from health and safety to industrial and environmental monitoring applications. Herein, a nontoxic, visible‐blind, quantum dot (QD)‐based sensing scheme that expands the spectral coverage of silicon complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) sensors into the UV, enabling efficient UV detection without affecting the sensor performance in the visible and UV‐band discrimination, is reported. This scheme uses zinc magnesium oxide (ZnMgO) QDs with compositionally tunable absorption across UV and high photoluminescence quantum yield in the visible. The efficient luminescence and large Stokes shift of these QDs are exploited herein to act as an efficient downconverting material that enhances the UV sensitivity of Si‐photodetectors (Si‐PDs). A Si‐PD integrated with the QDs results in a ninefold improvement in photoresponsivity from 0.83 to 7.5 mA W−1 at 260 nm. Leveraging the tunability of these QDs, a simple UV‐band identification scheme is further reported, which uses two distinct‐bandgap ZnMgO QDs stacked in a tandem architecture whose spectral emission color depends on the UV‐band excitation light. The downconverting stack enables facile discrimination of UV light using a standard CMOS image sensor (camera) or by the naked eye and avoids the use of complex optics.
Diels‐Alder Cycloaddition of Azepino[4,5‐b]indoles Towards Hydrocarbazole Derivatives and Related Heterocycles
Authors: Xie Fukai , Li Xiang , Xu Liangyu , Ma Jun , Sun Lei , Zhang Bo , Lin Bin , Cheng Maosheng , Liu Yongxiang
Published: January 2022

An approach to hydrocarbazoles bearing an all‐carbon quaternary center at C4a position was developed via a Brønsted acid‐initiated Diels‐Alder cycloaddition/retro‐aza‐Michael addition cascade process from azepino[4,5‐b]indoles and commercially available dienophiles. The method provided a range of hydrocarbazoles in 63–99% yields. The practicality of this transformation was demonstrated by a scale‐up experiment and various transformations to several hydrocarbazole derivatives and the tetracyclic indoline scaffold. Moreover, hetero‐Diels‐Alder cycloadditions of azepino[4,5‐b]indoles were explored with 4‐phenyl‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3,5(4H)‐dione (PTAD) and 82–99% yields were obtained.

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Prey Impact Localization Enabled by Material and Structural Interaction in Spider Orb Webs
Authors: Dal Poggetto Vinícius F. , Bosia Federico , Greco Gabriele , Pugno Nicola M.
Published: January 2022

Spider webs are mechanical systems able to deliver an outstanding compromise between distinct requirements such as absorbing impacts and transmitting information about vibration sources. Both the frequency information and amplitude of input signals can be used by the spider to identify stimuli, aided by the mechanical filtering properties of orb webs. In this work, a numerical model based on nonlinear stress–strain constitutive relations for spider silk is introduced to investigate how the spider orb web allows spiders to detect and localize prey impacts. The obtained results indicate how the orb web center relative transverse displacements, produced by local resonance mechanisms, are used for precise localization, while nonlinear stress stiffening effects improve prey sensing. Finally, it is also shown that, although beneficial, a large number of radial threads may not be necessary for prey localization.
Quantum Analog Annealing of Gain‐Dissipative Ising Machine Driven by Colored Gaussian Noise
Authors: Liao Zhiqiang , Ma Kaijie , Sarker Md Shamim , Tang Siyi , Yamahara Hiroyasu , Seki Munetoshi , Tabata Hitoshi
Published: January 2022

Gain‐dissipative Ising machines (GIMs) are a type of quantum analog equipment that can rapidly determine the optimal solution for combinatorial optimization problems. When the noise intensity is significantly lower than the fixed point of the system, the performance of a GIM is not influenced by the fluctuation of the noise intensity. However, the noise in this study is limited to Gaussian white noise. The influence of prevalent colored noise on GIMs has not been researched. In this study, the influence of common‐colored noise on the performance of GIMs is numerically investigated. The results of a domain clustering dynamics analysis reveal that red noise can better suppress the generation of the noise‐induced irregular temporary domain. Furthermore, several prevalent MAXCUT problem topologies, including the Moebius ladder, random Moebius ladder, and 2D random lattice, are adopted as test benchmarks. The results reveal that GIMs influenced by white, blue, and violet noise perform better at low‐intensity noise condition. In contrast, pink and red noise‐injected GIMs demonstrate higher performances when applied to MAXCUT topologies with both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic connections under larger noise intensity conditions. This indicates that the noise dispersion can be used as an additional hyperparameter to optimize the performance of GIMs.