bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corneal Refractive Surgery in Patients with History of Optic Neuritis
Authors: Moshirfar Majid , Wagner William D. , Linn Steven H. , Brown Tanner W. , Goldberg Jackson L. , Gomez Aaron T. , Ronquillo Yasmyne C. , Hoopes, Jr. Phillip C.
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of recurrence of optic neuritis after corneal refractive surgery in patients with a history of optic neuritis and to examine the safety and efficacy of the procedure in this population.
Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients with a history of optic neuritis who underwent laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) at a single tertiary center from June 1996 to December 2014. Fifteen eyes of 14 patients were included in this study. Visual acuity before and after the surgery was recorded. Patients were followed-up for over five years postoperatively for the recurrence of optic neuritis.
Results: The average LogMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) preoperatively was 0.12 ± 0.19 (–0.10 to 0.60) and postoperatively was 0.06 ± 0.10 (–0.10 to 0.30). No eyes lost lines of BCVA. The average LogMAR uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) after surgery was 0.12 ± 0.13 (0.00 to 0.48). Twenty-eight percent of patients reached a UDVA of 20/20 or better after refractive surgery. Optic neuritis recurred in 3/15 (20%) eyes and 3/14 patients (21%).
Conclusion: While corneal refractive procedures appear safe in patients with a history of optic neuritis, our data suggest that their efficacy may be reduced.
Glycine Supplementation Ameliorates Retinal Neuronal Damage in an Experimental Model of Diabetes in Rats: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Gholami Soghra , Kamali Younes , Reza Rostamzad Mohammad
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of glycine supplementation on the retinal ultrastructure of streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Adult male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g (n = 40) were randomly divided into four groups of 10 each: normal group (C), glycine + normal group (G), STZ group (D), and glycine + STZ group (DG). The G and DG groups received glycine (130 mM and 1% w/v) freely in their drinking water seven days after the induction of diabetes for up to 16 weeks. Retinal samples for histopathology were examined using light and electron microscopy.
Results: Diabetes-induced histological changes were attenuated in the retinas of rats in the DG group. The ultrastructural alterations produced by experimental diabetes in the inner nuclear layer, outer nuclear layer, and ganglion cell layer were significantly ameliorated by glycine supplementation.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that glycine supplementation effectively attenuates retinal neuronal damage in experimental diabetic rats, and thus may be a potential candidate to protect retinal ultrastructure against diabetes.
Pearls of Elschnig
Authors: Foutch Brian K , Garcia Charles A , Ferguson Amy S
Published: October 2019

This is a Photo Essay and does not contain an abstract.
Safety of the Excimer Laser in LASIK and PRK for Patients with Implantable Cardiac Devices: Our Clinical Experience in the Past Two Decades
Authors: Shah Tirth J. , Moshirfar Majid , Hoopes Phillip C.
Published: October 2019

This is a Letter to the Editor and does not have an abstract
Le recours aux domaines tabouisés dans la publicité sociétale
Authors: Woch Agnieszka
Published: October 2019

L’article traite du tabou dans la publicité sociétale. En s’appuyant sur les exemples relevés dans un corpus de campagnes sociétales francophones, italiennes et polonaises, l’auteur analyse les tabous auxquels recourent les spécialistes de la publicité en question en vue de sensibiliser le destinataire aux sujets importants pour la société contemporaine.
El caso Neruda: el origen de un detective creado por un poeta. Aproximaciones a la literatura de Roberto Ampuero
Authors: Ramírez Diana
Published: October 2019

La novela El caso Neruda tiene como centro la historia de los orígenes de Cayetano Brulé, el detective que protagoniza las novelas del género negro creadas por Roberto Ampuero, escritor chileno cuya obra resulta fundamental en este subgénero dentro de la literatura latinoamericana contemporánea. El presente artículo se enfoca al análisis de la relación metaliteraria entre el personaje de Brulé, su vínculo ficcional con el poeta Pablo Neruda y el juego que crea Ampuero entorno a la biografía del poeta, convirtiéndolo en un personaje literario no sólo por su creación poética, sino por haber llevado una vida que en la multiplicidad de sus historias, facilita la especulación literaria.
Frecuencia del bucle del nervio mentoniano en tomografía computarizada de haz cónico en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia
Authors: Condori Cruz Roger , Yupanqui Pellanne Alfredo , Evangelista-Alva Alexis , Quezada Márquez Milushka Miroslava
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia del bucle del nervio mentoniano en pacientes del Servicio de Radiología Oral y Maxilofacial de la Unidad de Apoyo al Diagnóstico Estomatológico del Departamento de Odontoestomatología del Hospital Cayetano Heredia, periodo 2016-2017. Material y Métodos: El presente estudio fue de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal. Se analizaron 181 tomografías computarizadas de haz cónico seleccionadas de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se evaluó el bucle del nervio mentoniano respecto a su presencia o ausencia y su respectiva caracterización. Para el análisis, se usó la estadística descriptiva y la prueba de Chi Cuadrado a un intervalo de confi anza al 95%, y un nivel de signifi cancia de 0,05. Resultados: Se tuvieron 97 hallazgos del bucle del nervio mentoniano que representan el 53,6% pacientes, de los cuales el 74,2% fueron del sexo femenino. Predominaron los hallazgos en el grupo de 20 a 29 años con un 28,9%. De acuerdo a la zona de distribución la mayoría estuvieron en el lado izquierdo (23,8%). En cuanto a la longitud, se encontró una mínima de 0,12 mm y una máxima de 7,62 mm. Conclusiones: Predominaron los hallazgos en el sexo femenino y en el lado izquierdo, asimismo se verifi có como medida media para el bucle del nervio mentoniano de 3,04 mm; estos resultados servirán posteriormente para implementar la búsqueda radiográfi ca de rutina del mencionado paquete vásculonervioso, previo a los tratamientos quirúrgicos en la zona del foramen mental.
El músculo esfenomandibular ¿es un músculo independiente o es un fascículo del músculo temporomandibular?
Authors: Alvarado-Menacho Sergio , Arroyo-Pérez Carlos , Delgadillo-Avila Juana , Chein- Villacampa Sylvia , Astupinaro-Capristan Patricia , Arnaldo Munive-Degregori , Abuhadba- Hoyos Tulio , Delgado-Yauyo Ada , Canicoba-Sánchez Marcelo , Alegre-Carhuachin Daniel
Published: October 2019

Desde los años 90, odontólogos británicos describieron la presencia del músculo esfenomandibular como un músculo masticador, luego fue estudiado por odontólogos brasileros y bolivianos, aún existe la errónea idea que su presencia no es real y se ha cuestionado que sea un músculo independiente. Objetivo: Demostrar la presencia del músculo esfenomandibular como músculo independiente y su relación con el músculo temporal. Material y métodos: Se siguió un proceso de disección especial sugerido por Campohermoso et al, para verifi car al músculo esfenomandibular; se trabajó con siete hemicabezas humanas, Resultados: Todos los especímenes estudiados presentaron el músculo esfenomandibular, comprobando una inserción superior en la parte anterior de la apófisis pterigoides del hueso esfenoide retromaxilar muy cercana a la hendidura esfenoidea próxima al ingreso del nervio motor ocular común, y una inserción inferior en la cresta de la cara interna de la apófi sis coronoides de la mandíbula; hay independencia de éste músculo con el músculo témporal. La media del promedio del músculo fue de 44,7 mm de largo, por 6,81 mm de ancho. Conclusiones: No es concluyente la presencia del músculo esfenomandibular, se requiere ampliar estudios en otras áreas como son aspectos embriológicos, fi siológicos, estructurales y clínicos, este estudio servirá como inicio de una línea de investigación analítica de los músculos masticadores.
Preservación de reborde en el sector posterior: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Ramos-Pilco Edwin , Allasi Tejada Gustavo , Alarcón Palacios Marco
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Evaluar mediante una revisión sistemática los cambios dimensionales producidos después de una extracción dental en el sector posterior empleando técnicas de preservación de reborde alveolar y cicatrización convencional. Material y métodos: Dos revisores independientes y calibrados realizaron una búsqueda electrónica de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados publicados hasta diciembre del 2018 en Pubmed y Cochrane la cual fue complementada con una búsqueda manual en las revistas de mayor impacto en Periodoncia e Implantología según el ISI Web of Science. La evaluación del riesgo de sesgo en los estudios incluidos fue realizada siguiendo el manual de Cochrane para intervenciones de revisiones sistemáticas Versión 5.1.0. Resultados: Un total de 435 piezas posteriores, entre premolares y molares, fueron evaluadas en los estudios incluidos a partir de los 3 meses post extracción. Se obtuvo valores estadísticamente signifi cativos para el grupo que realizó la preservación de reborde (pérdida ósea vertical desde -0,25 hasta -1,53 mm y a nivel horizontal desde -0,91 hasta -2,87 mm) en comparación al grupo control (pérdida ósea vertical desde -0,71 hasta -3,1 mm y a nivel horizontal desde -2,26 hasta -3,96 mm). El biomaterial más utilizado fue el xenoinjerto más membrana de colágeno. Los estudios incluidos manifestaron un bajo riesgo de sesgo. Conclusiones: La preservación de reborde en sitios posteriores es recomendada porque conduce a mantener los tejidos duros y blandos, reduce la neumatización sinusal y minimiza la reabsorción del hueso crestal simplifi cando así los procedimientos para una buena posición tridimensional del implante.
Estrategias para el abordaje de caries dental en preescolares.
Authors: Sanchez-Vilchez Abigail , Sihuay-Torres Kamila
Published: October 2019

.
Population Structure and Life Table of Dog Conch (Strombus turturella) in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia
[Struktur Populasi dan Tabel Hidup Siput Gonggong (Strombus turturella) di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Indonesia]

Authors: Supratman Okto , Suryati Syamsudin Tati
Published: October 2019

AbstractDog Conch (Strombus turturella) has an essential economic value in Bangka Belitung Islands. Allegedly, the population of Dog Conch is decreasing due to overexploitation. The purpose of this study is to provide information related to the distribution of long frequency, growth pattern, age group, recruitment time estimation and life table of Dog Conch. This research took place on the coast of Tukak Village and Anak Air Island, Bangka Belitung Islands. Samples of Dog Conch were taken using 3x3 m2 square. The shell length of Dog Conch found ranged between 18.18 to 77.49 mm, consisting of three age groups. Asymptotic length value (L∞), growth coefficient (K) and theoretical age on zero-length (t0) were 83.94 mm, 0.79/year and -0.152 sequentially. In the first year, Dog Conch grows to 50.18 mm and slows down when it grows older until it is 13 years old. The proportion of high mortality rate was at 1 to 2 years old and 3 to 4 years old or in adult individuals, while the highest life expectancy rate was in the age group of 0-1-year old or young individuals. It indicated that the high mortality rate was in the group in which people use to consume or sell in the marketsAbstrakSiput gonggong (Strombus turturella) memiliki nilai ekonomis penting di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Diduga populasi siput gonggong semakin menurun akibat dari eksploitasi berlebihan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi terkait distribusi frekuensi panjang, pola pertumbuhan, kelompok umur, estimasi waktu rekruitmen dan tabel hidup siput gonggong. Lokasi penelitian berada di Pesisir Desa Tukak dan Pulau Anak Air, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung.Pengambilan sampel siput gonggong dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuadrat 3x3 m2. Panjang cangkang siput gonggong yang ditemukan berkisar antara 18.18 s.d 77.49 mm yang terdiri atas 3 kelompok umur. Nilai panjang asymptotic (L∞), koefisien pertumbuhan (K) dan umur teoritis ketika panjang sama dengan nol (t0) adalah 83.94 mm, 0.79/tahun dan -0.152 secara berurutan. Pada tahun pertama siput gonggong mengalami pertumbuhan, mencapai 50.18 mm dan melambat ketika umur semakin tua hingga umur 13 tahun. Proporsi laju kematian tinggi terdapat pada umur 1 s.d 2 tahun dan 3 s.d 4 tahun atau pada individu dewasa, sedangkan nilai harapan hidup tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok umur 0-1 tahun atau individu muda. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kematian tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok umur yang telah diambil oleh masyarakat untuk dikonsumsi dan dijual ke pasaran.
Lobster Population Parameter in Bumbang Bay, Central Lombok
[Parameter Populasi Lobster Perairan Teluk Bumbang, Lombok Tengah]

Authors: Yonvitner Yonvitner , Imran Zulhamsyah , Martasuganda Sulaeman , Nababan Beni Osta , Mao Tokan Fransiskus , Dwi Cahyo Septian , Ramadhani Rifki Aldi
Published: October 2019

AbstractBumbang bay is one of the lobster fishing areas in Central Lombok District, where fishing is carried out at all times and has the potential to disrupt the sustainability of the population in the future. Data is collected from the stock of lobster stocks that are still in fishing cages. Potential risks and fishing pressure could be assessed through length and weight, growth, structure size and potential recruitment analysis. The results of the study found 6 species of lobsters, of which are 2 dominant species were pearl lobster (45.5%) and sand lobster (44.5%) of the total catch. The Length and weight relationship have a negative allometric pattern which is (pearls lobster b = 2.04 and sand lobster = 1.2). The growth rate is relatively slow with a growth rate coefficient of 0.2-0.49 per year. Therefore, recruitment per biomass from the population is also low and exploitation rate about 0.6. The population growth and recruitment relatively low and increasing the exploitation rate, potential to unsustainable of the lobster population in the future.AbstrakPerairan Teluk Bumbang adalah salah satu pusat perikanan lobster di Lombok Tengah, dimana penangkapan dilakukan setiap waktu dan berpotensi mengganggu keberlanjutan populasi dimasa yang akan datang. Potensi risiko dan tekanan penangkapan dapat dikaji melalui analisis panjang dan bobot, pertumbuhan, struktur ukuran dan potensi recruitment. Hasil penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 6 jenis lobster, dimana 2 jenis dominan yaitu lobster mutiara (45,5%) dan lobter pasir 44,5% dari total tangkapan. Hubungan panjang dan berat memiliki pola allometrik negatif (lobster mutiara b=2,04 dan lobster pasir =1,2). Pertumbuhan tergolong lambat dengan koefisien laju pertumbuhan 0,2-0,49 per tahun. Begitu juga recruitment per biomass dari populasi juga rendah dan eksploitasi tergolong tinggi yaitu 0,6. Kemampuan tumbuh yang lambat dengan recruitment yang rendah serta eksploitasi tinggi, potensial menganggu keberlanjutan populasi lobster dimasa yang akan datang.
The shifting role of the listeners in the mediamorphosis process of culture radio: A case study of Jodhipati 106.1 FM
Authors: Achmad Zainal Abidin , Ida Rachmah
Published: October 2019

The adaptation of the use of communication technology towards media convergence (mediamorphosis) makes it a necessity for radio to change. Jodhipati FM, a commercial radio station in Nganjuk Regency which declared its identity as a Javanese cultural radio station, has also made the change. The uniqueness of Jodhipati FM to broadcast 100% Javanese cultural programs originated from the demands of listeners to listen to the wayang kulit (leather puppet) program. The close interaction and relationships between the listeners and radio management has made every change in Jodhipati FM driven by the interests of the listeners. This qualitative research collected data through a virtual ethnography supplemented by participant observation and in-depth interviews with nine informants. The results found there to be a mediamorphosis pattern that explains the stages of Jodhipati FM’s change and the influence of the listeners’ demands, from the early history of its establishment through to the present. At present, Jodhipati FM uses Facebook, streaming and WhatsApp as broadcast support. In interactive engagement between the listeners and radio management in the virtual world, both parties have an equal role as media producers. In the life of a networked society, the listener experiences a shift in role and characteristics. Apart from acting as the media producer, the radio listeners are involved in programming, they are free to criticize and they are also free to look for sponsors and advertisements. The characteristics of the listener have also changed. They become physically visible, their voices are heard, their personalities are revealed, they live in various social networks, age restrictions disappear, there are no territorial boundaries and there are no time limits. As a cultural radio station, Jodhipati FM has the advantage of being able to preserve and spread Javanese culture throughout the world.
The use of ridge regression for estimating the severity of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Cherdantsev D. V. , Stroev A. V. , Mangalova E. S. , Kononova N. V. , Chubarova O. V.
Published: October 2019

Purpose. Increasing of treatment efficiency for patients with acute pancreatitis by improving objective means of determining the severity of acute pancreatitis.

Materials and method. The study was based on a retrospective analysis of 130 cases of acute pancreatitis: 47 cases from «Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Hospital» and 83 cases from «Regional Interdistrict Clinical Hospital No 20 named after I.S. Berzon» in the period from 2015 to 2017. The raw data was pre-processed. In particular, different methods (median, linear regression) were used to fill the missing values in the observation matrix. The initial dataset contained features measured in various quantitative and categorical scales. For some features with a pronounced asymmetric distribution, a quantile transformation was applied to initial values. The quantile transformation allows features to be brought to a uniform distribution in order to reduce the risk of excluding significant features. Ridge regression was used in combination with an algorithm for sequential reduction of attribute space.

Results. The classifier of three degrees of acute pancreatitis severity was developed. This classifier can help to determine better treatment tactics. During validation, the method of determining the severity of acute pancreatitis classification has proven to be effective. The average accuracy was 92% compared to the experts’ decisions. This procedure for constructing a classifier can be used as part of the basis to the medical decision support system.

Conclusion. The results of this study will help to make the choice of a necessary starting therapy, assess the need for surgical intervention and in severe cases, prescribe enhanced antibacterial and detoxification therapy. This will predictably reduce the percentage of septic complications of acute pancreatitis, and consequently will reduce the frequency of fatal outcomes.
Effect of DNA methylation modulators on the production of osteoprotegerin by rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes in vitro: their migration and invasion
Authors: Shnayder M. A. , Shirinsky V. S. , Kalinovskaya N. Y. , Shirinsky I. V.
Published: October 2019

Objective. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of DNA methylation modulators on the production of proinflammatory cytokines by fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLC).

Materials and methods. We used the cells derived from the synovial tissue of 6 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after 3–7 in vitro culturing passages.

Results. There was an IL-1β-induced up-regulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) synthesis in the RA FLC cultures. The addition of methylating compounds S-Adenosyl methionine (SAMe) and genistein into the cultures resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the production of OPG, while the addition of the demethylating agent hydralazine did not change the synthesis of the cytokine. All three DNA methylation modulators used at different concentrations significantly reduced the percentage of spontaneous migration and invasion of FLC in the Boyden chamber.

Conclusion. Enzymes and molecular complexes involved in DNA methylation could be potential therapeutic targets, and in vitro FLC cultures of RA patients can be used as a model for preclinical screening of new drug compounds.
Mitochondrial DNA as DAMP in critical conditions
Authors: Grigoriev E. V. , Salakhov R. R. , Golubenko M. V. , Ponasenko A. V. , Shukevich D. L. , Matveeva V. G. , Radivilko A. S. , Tsepokina A. V. , Velikanova E. A. , Kornelyuk R. S. , Ivkin A. S.
Published: October 2019

The focus of the researchers’ attention today includes the recently discovered role of mitochondria in the immune response. Increasing evidence shows that mitochondrial DNA, in retaining some of their characteristics of the ancient α-proteobacteria’s genome, is a potent immune stimulus for inflammatory reactions. Systemic inflammatory response is a frequent complication in surgical interventions and various traumas, and its development cannot be explained using common conceptions. This review provides information on the current understanding of the development of inflammation mediated by mtDNA, including systemic inflammatory response, and on the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and mtDNA release in various pathological conditions.
Oral manifestations of primary immunodeficiencies
Authors: Dolgikh M. A. , Bolkov M. A. , Tuzankina I. A. , Sarkisyan N. G. , Hovsepyan N. A.
Published: October 2019

To understand the current state of the issue of dental manifestations of primary immunodeficiencies, foreign literature on the problem has been analyzed. The article describes the dental manifestations of many primary immunodeficiencies, which can be both secondary and major symptoms. The article presents the data on the following syndromes: severe combined immunodeficiency, hyper IgE, Wiskott – Aldrich, DiGeorge, deficiency of STIM1 and ORAI1, NEMO deficiency and IκBα deficiency, common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, hyper IgM, selective IgA deficiency, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1, Chediak – Higashi syndrome, CD70 deficiency, severe congenital neutropenia syndromes, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, localized aggressive periodontitis, Papillon – Lefevre syndrome, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, Marshall syndrome, hyper IgD syndrome, Aicardi – Goutières syndrome type 7, cherubism syndrome, CANDLE (chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature), PAPA (pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne), chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, periodontal Ehlers – Danlos syndrome, and C1 inhibitor deficiency. The role of secretory immunoglobulins of salivary fluid is described.
On the necessity of a single approach to written medical expert conclusions
Authors: Evteeva I. A. , Shigeev S. V.
Published: October 2019

The aim of the study was to study the available approaches to the formulation and quality control of forensic medical expert conclusions. We have studied the literature sources containing recommendations on drawing up expert opinions and improving their quality. After a selection of scientific publications and publications on the subject matter with the help of a descriptive method, the article presents the existing approaches to this problem. As a result of the conducted research, the absence of any general objective requirements for expert conclusions was revealed. The development of unified standards for writing and the definition of “signs of quality” of expert conclusions is a promising task of forensic science and practice, the solution of which will improve the quality of examinations.
The history of the development of cryosurgery in Siberia
Authors: Merzlikin N. V. , Komkova T. B. , Tskhay V. F. , Salo V. N. , Navasardyan V. G. , Noroeva T. A. , Sarueva A. P.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this work was the need to highlight the significance of the works of Professor Boris I. Alperovich and his students in creating unique cryosurgical instruments and the development of modern cryosurgical operations on the liver and pancreas. The article used documents confirming the priority of the authors in the creation of cryotherapy equipment and methods of cryosurgical treatment of diseases of the liver and pancreas.
Complications and relapses after alloplasty of large and giant hernia of the esophageal aperture of the diaphragm
Authors: Rosenfeld I. I.
Published: October 2019

The review of the literature presents the content analysis of surgical treatment of large and giant hernia of the esophageal aperture of the diaphragm as well as the analyses of complications when using the main methods of hernioplasty. Alloplasty of the esophageal aperture of the diaphragm remains a large and unresolved surgical problem, as evidenced by the analyzed literature sources, mainly reviews and clinical recommendations.

Firstly, alloplasty can cause postoperative complications with a frequency of up to 20%, especially when using rigid polypropylene and composite polytetrafluoroethylene mesh implants with circular paraesophageal fixation. Modern biological nets now show high incidence of anatomical relapses, so most specialists continue to use synthetic implants, of which the most promising ones are lightweight, mesh, partially absorbable structures.

Secondly, clear indications for alloplasty have not been developed, for example, according to the size of the hernia of the esophageal opening in the diaphragm, which is the main risk factor for relapses.

Thirdly, it is still not clear what indicator should be used to estimate the size of hernia of the esophageal aperture of the diaphragm and, therefore, it is not clearly defined which hernias are considered small, which are large and which are giant, despite the fact that the three terms constantly appear in the medical literature.

Fourthly, the optimal technique for alloplasty has not been determined with large and especially giant hernias, which would prevent anatomical relapses, and at the same time would not cause postoperative complications.

It is necessary to outline the following ways to solve these problems: to develop effective and at the same time safe methods of alloplasty of large and giant hernias; to determine clear indications for alloplasty of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm, depending on the size of hernias; to create an appropriate, applied classification of hernias of the esophageal aperture of the diaphragm.
Studying the adaptogenic activity of a series of tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b] [1,3,5] thiadiazine derivatives
Authors: Bibik E. Yu. , Nekrasa I. A. , Demenko A. V. , Frolov K. A. , Dotsenko V. V. , Krivokolysko S. G.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. In the modern world people are exposed to the influence of adverse psychological and physical factors, escalating in intensity. The search for new pharmacodynamic effects of [1,3,5]-thiadiazine derivatives designated by significant biological activity of these compounds is an essential issue.

Aim. To research adaptogenic activity of tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine derivatives using a modified Porsolt Forced Swim Test.

Materials and methods. Four substances from the group of 3-R-8-aryl-6-oxo-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6Hpyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine-9-carbonitriles were selected for the research. Rats were divided into a control group, 5 reference groups (amitriptyline, caffeine, thiotriazolin, thiocetam, ginseng) and 4 experimental groups according to the number of the studied original tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5] thiadiazine derivatives.

Results. Intragastric injection of substance 2 for 5 days in the modified forced swim test (forced swimming with freight) increased work capacity and endurance of the rats by 103.42% as opposed to the initial results. The detected adaptogenic activity of this tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine derivative six times exceeds adaptogenic activity of ginseng and seven times that of amitriptyline. The rats in the control group were active for a bit longer time. Ginseng raised the time of activity by 17% at day 5. Caffeine essentially reduced work capacity and endurance. Amitriptyline showed adaptogenic activity at day 3 of the research (increase by 10.4%). Thiotriazolin also showed adaptogenic activity on day 3 of the research (increase by 30.17%). Thiocetam increased the time of activity by 78.55%. Substance 4 had adaptogenic activity too; it increased the time of activity in aversive conditions by 58.25%, which three times exceeds this parameter for ginseng and four times for amitriptyline.
Mice experimental model of diabetes mellitus type ii based on high fat diet
Authors: Kapilevich L. V. , Zakharova A. N. , Dyakova E. Yu. , Kironenko T. A. , Milovanova K. G. , Kalinnikova J. G. , Chibalin A. V.
Published: October 2019

An experimental model of the obesity and type II diabetes mellitus formation in C57BL/6 mice using a high fat diet was developed and tested. In the study, it was shown that mice feeding high-fat diet had a significant body weight gain during the 3rd week. By the end of the experiment, body weight has more than doubled. In mice that feed chow diet, body weight increased by 50%, by the end of the experiment It was shown that high fat diet also induced glucose tolerance, and the insulin concentration tripled. The data obtained confirm the adequacy of the experimental model of diabetes mellitus type II in mice.
Development of a method for preparing octreotide derivative for diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Larkina M. S. , Podrezova E. V. , Bragina O. D. , Tagirova E. A. , Chernov V. I. , Yusubov M. S. , Nesterov E. A. , Skuridin V. S. , Krivoshchekov S. V. , Yanovskaya E. A. , Gurto R. V. , Belousov M. V.
Published: October 2019

Currently the development of technologies for labeling somatostatin with technetium-99m for diagnosing radionuclide neuroendocrine tumors is under way. Somatostatin analogues are binded with technetium99m only by the preliminary addition of a chelating agent. Therefore, it is important to develop a method for preparation of an octreotide derivative by modifying octreotide with precursors: ligands with high chelating ability for its tight binding with technetium-99m. ω-Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)aliphatic acids can be used successfully as such precursors.

The purpose of the study was to develop a method for obtaining a new octreotide derivative for diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors.

Materials and methods. The somatostatin octreotide analogue was used as the object of the study; succinimid-1-yl 6-(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)hexanoate was used as a chelating agent. Methods of high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to separate and analyze the synthesized compounds.

Results. A method to produce an original octreotide derivative using a succinimid-1-yl 6-(bis(pyridin2-ylmethyl)amino)hexanoate as a chelating agent was proposed. The conditions of analytical and semipreparative HPLC for the analysis and purification of the active octreotide derivative (a monosubstituted derivative of the amino acid residue of D-phenylalanine) were suggested.

Conclusion. The synthesized derivative of octreotide has a chelating center for strong binding to technetium-99m in its structure, which can be useful for diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors.
Level of aurathrenomedullin in chronic heart failure of ischemic genesis: associations with clinical manifestations
Authors: Myasoedova E. I.
Published: October 2019

Objective.To identify and evaluate the relationship between the level of proadrenomedullin and clinical and anamnestic data of patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic genesis.

Materials and methods. 240 men with chronic forms of coronary heart disease (mean age 55.9 [43; 63] years) and past Q-forming myocardial infarction were examined. Of these, 110 patients had chronic heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (group 1) and 130 patients had chronic heart failure and dilatation with a low left ventricular ejection fraction (group 2). In all patients the MR-proADM level in the blood serum was determined.

Results. In the control group, the level of MR-proADM was 0.49 [0.18; 0.58] nmol /l. In the meantime, it was statistically significantly higher in the studied groups of patients than in the control group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). And in the group of patients with chronic heart failure and dilatation with a low left ventricular ejection fraction, it was statistically significantly higher than in the group of patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (1.72 [1.56; 1.98] nmol/l and 0.89 [0.51; 1.35] nmol/l, respectively, p < 0.038). The study demonstrated the presence of statistically significant associations between the level of MR-proADM and the severity of chronic heart failure and exertional angina pectoris as well as between the presence of a constant form of atrial fibrillation and the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusion. MR-proADM is a new promising marker, which will be possible to use as a diagnostic standard for assessing the effectiveness of treatment of cardiac patients.
AN OVERVIEW TO TURKEY-EU RELATIONS DURING THE JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT PARTY PERIOD
Authors: TURAN İdris , AKÇAY Ekrem Yaşar , KANAT Selim
Published: October 2019

The Turkey–EU relations, which started in 1959, had passed through several important processes until today. Having achieved the status of a “candidate country” at the 1999 Helsinki Summit, Turkey started to make reforms to join the EU on 3 November 2002, the Justice and Development Party (JDP) came to power and continued making reforms to this process. Thereupon, after two years of political–legal reform efforts, it took the decision to start negotiations between Turkey and the EU on 3 October, 2005, at the 2004 Brussels Summit. After having started negotiations, the Cyprus problem emerged as a serious obstacle to Turkey’s full membership. In fact, the negotiations did not continue at the desired speed and only one negotiation topic was closed temporarily. Apart from these, after the unsuccessful “coup attempt” on 15 July, 2016, Turkey did not receive the adequate support it expected from the EU, and The European Parliament has proposed the suspension of negotiations with Turkey. After this decision, relations between Turkey and the EU have been strained and discussions began on alternative routes policies. In this context, the study examines changes in Turkey-EU relations during JDP and also addresses the causes of these changes.
The perspective of application of carburized steels, manufactured according to European standard, for gears of domestic mobile machines
Authors: Rudenko S. P. , Valko A. L. , Sandomirsky S. G.
Published: October 2019

Based on the data on the chemical composition of cemented steels produced according to the European standard EN 10084, the calculation of their hardenability by different methods was carried out. The use of methods is justified by comparing the results of the race with the experiment. The assessment of applicability of the analyzed steels for gears of transmissions of domestic mobile machines is carried out. The classification of cemented economically alloyed steels with chemical composition according to EN 10084 norms according to the criterion of hardenability is developed, according to which these steels can be divided into 4 groups according to the applicability for transmission gears of domestic automotive technology: for gears with a module of up to 4 mm, up to 5 mm, up to 8 mm and up to 10 mm.
Status analysis of the foundries in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Vityaz P. A. , Tolstoy A. V. , Sadokha M. A.
Published: October 2019

The status analysis of the existing foundries of the Republic of Belarus was executed. The share of the use of various technological processes (mold forming methods, melting methods) in the production of foundry products is estimated. The article presents data on volumes produced and imported casting, estimation of total capacity foundries is given. The issues of activity of the working group on optimization of foundry enterprises included in the system of the Ministry of Industry are covered.
Eco-friendly liquid-glass binder modified by ultradispersed materials
Authors: Huminski Yu. Yu. , Rovin S. L.
Published: October 2019

Advantages and disadvantages of liquid glass binder are considered. Mechanism of the influence of an ultradispersed modifier on the structure and properties of a liquid-glass binder are submitted. The prospects of using environmentally friendly liquid-glass binder modified with ultrafine materials are justified. The questions of ecological safety of foundry production connected with application of organic binders are described. The advantages and disadvantages of the liquid-glass binder are considered. The mechanism of influence of ultradispersed modifier on the structure and properties of the liquid-glass binder is presented. The prospects of using environmentally friendly liquidglass binder modified with ultrafine materials are justified.
The items in the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic discriminate among different severities of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Zhang Yan-rong , Ding Yun-Long , Chen Ke-liang , Liu Yan , Wei Can , Zhai Ting-ting , Wang Wen-Juan , Dong Wan-Li
Published: October 2019

Background

To determine whether items of the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MoCA-BC) could discriminate among cognitively normal controls (NC), and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and moderate-severe (AD), as well as their sensitivity and specificity.Methods

MCI (n=456), mild AD (n=502) and moderate-severe AD (n=102) patients were recruited from the memory clinic, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China. NC (n=329) were recruited from health checkup outpatients. Five MoCA-BC item scores were collected in interviews.Results

The MoCA-BC orientation test had high sensitivity and specificity for discrimination among MCI, mild AD and moderate-severe AD. The delayed recall memory test had high sensitivity and specificity for MCI screening. The verbal fluency test was efficient for detecting MCI and differentiating AD severity.Conclusions

Various items of the MoCA-BC can identify MCI patients early and identify the severity of dementia.
Determinants of effective organisational capacity training: lessons from a training programme on health workforce development with participants from three African Countries
Authors: Amde Woldekidan Kifle , Marchal Bruno , Sanders David , Lehmann Uta
Published: October 2019

Background
Health systems in sub-Saharan Africa face multifaceted capacity challenges to fulfil their mandates of service provision and governance of their resources. Four academic institutions in Africa implemented a World Health Organisation-funded collaborative project encompassing training, curriculum development, and partnership to strengthen national leadership and training capacity for health workforce development. This paper looks into the training component of the project, a blended Masters programme in public health that sought to improve the capacity of personnel involved in teaching or management/development of human resources for health. The paper aims to explore factors influencing contribution of training to organisational capacity development.

Methods
We chose a case study design. Semi-structured interviews were held with 18 trainees that were enrolled in the training programme, and who were affiliated to health ministries or public health training institutions. We gathered additional data through document reviews, observation, and interviews with 14 key informants associated with the programme and/or working in the collaborating institutions. The evidence gathered were analysed thematically.

Results
Thirteen of the eighteen training participants stayed in the target institutions and contributed to improved capacity of their institutions in the fields of management, policy, planning, research, training, or curriculum development. Five left for private and international agencies due to dissatisfaction with payment, work conditions, or career prospect.

Factors that were associated with the training, trainees, and the institutional and broader context, determine contribution of training to organisational capacity development. These include relevance of newly acquired knowledge and skills set of trainees to the role/position they assume in the organisation; recognition of trainees by employing organisations in terms of promotion or assignment of challenging tasks; and motivation and retention of trained staff.

Conclusion
Training, even if relevant and applicable, makes no more than a ‘latent’ contribution, one which is activated and realised through alignment of clusters of interacting contextual and relational factors related to the target institutions and trained personnel. While not predictable, implementers need to focus more deliberately on the likely interaction and best possible alignments between training relevance, student selection for potential to contribute, recognition and career advancement potential.
Laryngeal mask versus endotracheal intubation for pre-hospital emergency airway management: a meta-analysis of randomized control studies
Authors: Li Hao , Duan Ming-da , Zhang Yun-liang , You Shao-hua , Song Yu-xiang , Zhang Xuan , Liu Min , Liu Wen-gang , Hou Ai-sheng , cao jiangbei
Published: October 2019

Background : Pre-hospital emergency airway management plays an important role in pre-hospital care. Laryngeal masks are increasingly employed for the airway management of pre-hospital critical patients and have achieved promising results. Although several randomized controlled trials have reported benefits, the efficacy of laryngeal masks in pre-hospital emergency airway management compared to endotracheal intubation have not been systematically reviewed.
Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus and CNKI) were searched up to April 2019 for related randomized studies. Outcome indicators included overall intubation success rates, the success rates of the first intubation, insertion time, ventilation efficiency rates, SpO2 rise time, the blood gas index and adverse events. Two investigators selected the trials, extracted the data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessed the quality of the literature according to the Jada score. The meta-analysis was performed using stata14.0 software.
Results: We included 31 human studies. Compared to endotracheal intubation, the application of laryngeal mask for pre-hospital emergencies enhanced the ventilation efficiency rates [RR=1.20, 95% CI (1.06, 1.35), P<0.001], improved the success of first intubation [RR=1.29, 95% CI (1.18, 1.40), P<0.001] and the patients’ blood gas index, shortened the insertion and SpO2 rise times [SMD=-3.48, 95% CI (-4.17, -2.80), P < 0.001; -2.19, 95% CI (-3.06, -1.32), P < 0.001] and reduced the incidence of adverse events [RR=0.41, 95% CI (0.30, 0.57, P<0.001]. All results were stable and statistically significant.
Conclusions: Laryngeal masks could quickly and effectively improve patient ventilation in pre-hospital emergencies, highlighting its utility for clinical application.
Knowledge about diabetic retinopathy, eye check-up practice and associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus attending Debark hospital, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Mebratu Muusew , Assem Abel Sinshaw , Alemu Destaye Shiferaw , Woredekal Asamere Tsegaw , Alemu Tsehay Kassa
Published: October 2019

Background: Routine eye examination plays a vital role in detecting diabetic retinopathy in its earliest stage before the onset of blindness. Patients’ knowledge about the nature and the consequences of diabetic retinopathy and routine eye checkup helps in timely identification and early treatment. However, there is limited evidence on knowledge of patients with diabetes mellitus on diabetic retinopathy and their eye check-up practices in Ethiopia in general and the study area in particular. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, eye check-up practice and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients at Debark hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: Institution based cross – sectional study was conducted at Debark hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from April 20/2018- May 20/2018. A pretested interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data among 230 diabetic patients aged 18 years and above. Data were entered in to Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done. Odds ratio with 95% confidence level was determined and variables with p–value of < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result: Out of 238 sample 230 were participated, among this, 119 (51.7%) were males. The mean age of the respondents was 49 (SD ±17.6) years. One hundred nine (47.4%) participants had good knowledge and 91 (39.6%) had good eye check-up practice. Urban residence [AOR= 2.65;95% CI: 1.16-6.07)]), monthly income of 3501-8000 birr [AOR=4.54;(1.31-15.7)], type II diabetes mellitus [AOR=3.9;(1.6-9.6)], duration of diabetes (6-12 years[AOR=4.4;(1.4-13.5)]), history of eye disease [AOR=5.5;(2.3-13.0)] were associated with good knowledge. Similarly, longer duration of diabetes (13-25 years [AOR=3.77; (1.05-13.5)]) and history of eye disease [AOR=2.47;(1.09-5.62)] were associated with good eye check-up practice. Conclusion: The proportion of good knowledge about diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients was fair (47.4%) in the study setting and good eye check-up practice was low (39.6%) Longer duration of diabetes and history of eye disease were identified as positive factors for good knowledge and eye check-up practice. Knowledge and regular eye check-up practice needs to be enhanced through provision of appropriate health education.