bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exploratory Study on the Characterization of A1 and A2 Bloodstains Using a Fluorescence Immunoassay
Authors: Liu JH , Klink FE , Nicol JD
Published: July 2015

A fluorescence immunoassay method is used in the differentiation of A1 and A2 bloodstains. Anti-A antiserum is first absorbed onto the stain. The IgM content in the eluate is then quantified by commercial Immuno-Fluor kits. The binding difference of A1 and A2 cells is retained in stains. This difference and the quantitative evaluation method provide a potential basis for blood typing or subtyping application.
3-Methylbenzthiazolinone-2-Hydrazone (MBTH) as a New Visualization Reagent for the Detection of Cannabinoids on Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates
Authors: Baggi TR
Published: July 2015

The use of 3-methylbenzthiazolinone-2-hydrazone (MBTH) for the detection of cannabinoids on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates is reported. Because MBTH is readily available in analytical-grade preparations, is fairly stable, gives characteristic, specific colors with the various cannabinoids studied, and might not be a potent carcinogenic compound, it is suggested as an alternative spray reagent for the detection of cannabinoids on TLC plates.
Thermal Degradation of Erythrocyte Acid Phosphatase Isozymes in a Case Sample
Authors: Yeshion TE
Published: July 2015

Analysis of bloodstains subjected to heat or improper collection techniques may yield expressions of erythrocyte acid phosphatase (EAP) phenotypes other than those originally coded. This report illustrates a case in which the deterioration of an EAP Type CB sample caused it to appear as an EAP Type C. Suggestions are offered to minimize such problems and to make the analyst aware of possible misinterpretations.
Mass Spectrometric Differentiation of Cannabinoid-Containing Samples
Authors: Liu JH , Fitzgerald MP
Published: July 2015

A direct-inlet probe mass spectrometry/multiple regression procedure is described for the confirmation of the presence of cannabinoids and the comparison of various cannabinoid-containing samples. The relative intensities of selected mass units are first established on control cannabinoids. These standards are then regressed on mass spectra of samples of interest. High values of coefficients of determination are used to confirm the presence of cannabinoid mixtures; regression coefficients are used for sample comparisons.
Suicide with Two Guns: A Unique Case
Authors: Fatteh A , Gore SB , Mann GT , Garvin K
Published: July 2015

A unique case of suicide using two guns fired at the same time is reported. The victim, a 27-year-old white male with a history of depression, used a pistol to fire a shot in the precordial area and a revolver to fire a shot in the right temporal area. Pertinent autopsy findings are described.
Responses of the Human Skeleton to Changes in the Quality of Life
Authors: Stewart TD
Published: July 2015

Americans have been getting taller for more than a century, and within this century their life expectancy has risen markedly. Descendants of some of the immigrants who arrived from Europe early in this century have heads with shapes that differ from those of relatives back in the Old World. Before they were born head shape was assumed to be one of mankind's most stable features. These examples of population change reflect the fact that in America the quality of life has improved more rapidly and widely than elsewhere. Forensic anthropologists have been adjusting their identification techniques to compensate for these population changes. Among other things, they have used data collected in connection with the military programs to repatriate the American dead of World War II and the Korean War.
A Review of Alcohol, Drugs and Road Traffic
Authors: Eckert WG
Published: July 2015

This is a well-written work, with excellent collections of current reference sources, which has been divided into two parts. Part One concerns itself with driving under the influence and kindred offenses and Part Two with alcohol and drugs.
Intracranial Missile Emboli
Authors: Glass JM , Zaki SA , Rivers RL
Published: July 2015

Projectile embolization into the intracranial arterial system is an extremely rare occurrence. Vessel size restricts the entrance of foreign bodies except those of small caliber such as shotgun pellets. Several cases of cervical neck and intracranial projectile emboli resulting from penetrating wounds of the neck and head have been reported. A case of pellet embolization into the intracranial segments of both internal carotid arteries following penetrating pellet wounds of the heart and ascending aorta is presented.
A Multivariate Analysis of the Infrared Spectra of Drugs of Abuse
Authors: Moss WW , Posey FT , Peterson PC
Published: July 2015

The infrared (IR) spectra of 15 drugs of abuse were analyzed for similarity by using techniques of numerical taxonomy. The study included six barbiturates (amobarbital, barbital, butabarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and secobarbital), four amphetamine-related compounds (amphetamine, ephedrine, methamphetamine, and phentermine), and five other drugs (cocaine, heroin, phencyclidine, phendimetrazine, and diazepam). Three character sets were based on increasing numbers (10, 24, and 36) of IR peaks. The cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and nonmetric multidimensional scaling elements of the program system NT-SYS were used to structure taxonomic distances between drugs. Best results were obtained from the 36-peak data set; ordination diagrams proved to be more visually informative than phenograms. Preliminary results from our analysis of this set of drugs indicate that an expanded multivariate approach to drug classification may be useful.
A High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Analysis of Illicit Heroin
Authors: Love JL , Pannell LK
Published: July 2015

A method using high performance liquid chromatography with an ammonium acetate-buffered acetonitrile/water mobile phase has been developed for the analysis for heroin. The method gives good resolution of the opiates found in illicit heroin.
Postmortem Sera and Cerebrospinal Fluid Enzymes
Authors: Schoning P , Strafuss AC
Published: July 2015

Antemortem and postmortem sera from 60 dogs were evaluated for lipase, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, and alanine aminotransferase (AAT); cerebrospinal fluid was examined for AAT and alkaline phosphatase. The postmortem intervals were 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at temperatures of 4, 20, and 37°C Amylase levels remained stable at 4 and 20°C and may be beneficial for diagnosing pancreatitis. Lipase levels may be useful as an adjunct to amylase values. Serum alkaline phosphatase values increased with postmortem interval; values were higher at 37°C than at 4°C Other enzymes were of little value for diagnosis.
Delayed Fatal Outcome After Possible Ru-Tuss® Overdose
Authors: Patterson FK
Published: July 2015

Death resulted from the delayed onset of the acute respiratory distress syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation with left ventricular mural thrombus formation and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis approximately five days after an alleged attempted suicide by the ingestion of ten to twelve prolonged-action Ru-Tuss® tablets. Although these lesions are thought to be similar in pathogenesis, this combination has not been previously reported in association with a drug overdose. The delay in onset is also of interest because of its clinical implications.
Detection of Drugs in Bloodstains. II: Morphine
Authors: Smith FP , Shaler RC , Mortimer CE , Errichetto LT
Published: July 2015

Picogram quantities of the opiate alkaloid, morphine, were detected in a 50-μ1 samples of dried bloodstain by using radioimmunoassay. The age of the stain versus detectability of morphine, the separation of endogenous interfering substances, and morphine extractibility by various agents were investigated.
Analysis for Water-Soluble Paper
Authors: Lyter AH
Published: July 2015

A relatively simple examination of suspect water-soluble paper residue can be performed by using chemical testing and microscopic and instrumental procedures, and meaningful results can be obtained. The consistency between test results of individual constituents and actual residues indicates the reliability of the technique and makes positive conclusions possible.
Use of the Projectina Universal Comparison Projector in Comparing Typewriting, Photocopies, and Computer-Printed and Mechanically Produced Documents
Authors: Winchester JM
Published: July 2015

The Projectina universal comparison projector was used to compare and examine surface detail on typewritten documents, high-speed computer printouts, photocopies, fracture matches, and mechanically produced documents. The observations made by using the side-by-side prism or the superimposition mode optical block were photographically recorded. The Projectina magnifies and projects two items so that similarities or differences can be determined.
Drug Identification Through Analysis of Maggots
Authors: Beyer JC , Enos WF , Stajić M
Published: July 2015

The examination of insect larvae from decomposed bodies not only can serve in the estimation of the postmortem interval but also can be used in qualitative identification of drug substances.
A Review of Forty Years of Murder
Authors: Eckert WG
Published: July 2015

There have been several autobiographies written lately and some have already been reviewed in the Journal of Forensic Sciences, but this one happens to be of a very different nature. In addition to a very interesting narrative review of his career, Professor Simpson has included some excellent philosophy and his own personal touch by giving his opinions on long-standing forensic science problems.
Do β-Blockers Decrease the Hypermetabolic State in Critically Ill Children With Severe Burns?
Authors: Shan Chew Elaine Chu , Baier Nicole , Lee Jan Hau
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Severe burns result in a hypermetabolic state that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We reviewed the literature to determine if there is strong evidence that short-term β-blockers reduce the hypermetabolic state or mortality and length of stay (LOS) compared with no therapy in patients with severe burns.

METHODS:

A literature search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and BestBETs was conducted on the use of adrenergic β-antagonists in burn patients.

RESULTS:

Six randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Five pediatric trials found that β-blockers reduced the hypermetabolic state (as defined by reduction of cardiac work, rate pressure product, resting energy expenditure, central deposition of fat, and bone mineral loss) and were associated with an improvement in lean muscle mass in patients with severe burns. However, there was no change in LOS or mortality in these children. One adult study in burn patients found shorter LOS in patients treated with β-blockers but no difference in mortality rate. β-blockers were relatively well tolerated, with no differences in adverse effects reported.

CONCLUSIONS:

β-blockers seem to reduce the hypermetabolic state in pediatric patients with burns, but there is insufficient evidence to suggest they have an impact on mortality rates or LOS.
The Influence of Patient Characteristics on the Perceived Value of Inpatient Educational Experiences by Medical Trainees
Authors: Farrell Renée , Mahant Sanjay , Wadhwa Anupma , Bismilla Zia , Zhao Xiu Yan , Martimianakis Tina , Cohen Eyal
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Medical education relies heavily on workplace learning where trainees are educated through their clinical experience. Few studies have explored trainees’ perceptions of the educational value of these patient care experiences. The aim of this study was to identify pediatric patient characteristics that medical trainees perceive as educationally valuable.

METHODS:

Over 2 months, trainees on pediatric inpatient wards ranked the perceived educational value of patients under their care on a 4-point bipolar Likert scale. Three patient characteristics were examined: complex-chronic and noncomplex-chronic preexisting conditions, difficult social circumstances, and rare diseases. Patient-level predictors of cases perceived as educationally valuable (defined as scores ≥3) were examined by using univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS:

A total of 325 patients were rated by 51 trainees (clinical medical students [45%], first-year residents [29%], third-year residents/fellows [26%]). Rare diseases had a higher educational value score (adjusted odds ratio 1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.08–2.88, P = .02). Complex-chronic and noncomplex-chronic preexisting conditions and difficult social circumstances did not affect the perceived educational value.

CONCLUSIONS:

Trainees attribute the most educational value to caring for patients with rare diseases. Although trainees’ perceptions of learning do not necessarily reflect actual learning, they may influence personal interest and limit learning from an educational experience. Knowledge of trainee perceptions of educational experience therefore can direct medical educators’ approaches to inpatient education.
International Perspectives: Impact of Syrian Refugees on Neonatal Care in Hopital Notre Dame de la Paix, Akkar, North Lebanon
Authors: Makhoul Ghaiss , Falakha Gaby , Makhoul Carole Naufal , AbdelAhad Antoun
Published: July 2015

This comparative epidemiologic study looks at the effect of the Syrian war on neonatal morbidity and medical care in the Akkar region of North Lebanon in 2013, comparing data of the Lebanese neonatal population as gathered by the National Collaborative Perinatal Neonatal Network before 2013 with that of the Syrian refugees in the year 2013. The study was conducted from Jan. 1 through Dec. 31, 2013, at Hopital Notre Dame de la Paix, Kobayat, a major referral center for Syrian refugees. It revealed that Syrian refugee mothers were younger, less educated, and had higher rates of preterm births and infants with congenital malformations compared with Lebanese mothers both in Akkar and on a national scale.
Assessment of Developing Speech Perception in Preterm Infants Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Arimitsu Takeshi , Minagawa Yasuyo , Takahashi Takao , Ikeda Kazushige
Published: July 2015

Despite improved survival rates of infants, higher brain dysfunction in surviving infants remains a considerable problem. Most infants with higher brain dysfunctions are born preterm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool to detect structural brain damage and provides important information to evaluate the neurologic sequelae of such preterm infants. Although MRI can reveal detailed brain structure, it is not the best option to assess brain function in preterm infants because of various restrictions. To overcome this difficulty, a new imaging technique, called functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), can be used to evaluate brain function in preterm infants. fNIRS is a suitable method to examine infants because, unlike MRI, it is not necessary to restrict movement and it is silent. In this review, we focus on language function, an important higher human brain function and one of the most prominent difficulties among grown preterm infants. We describe the development of speech perception in infants from preterm to age 1 year. First, we discuss the development of the brain hemodynamic response to speech stimulation in full-term infants, imaged using fNIRS. Second, we discuss the functional specialization in full-term infants for speech processing in the cerebral cortex as revealed by fNIRS. Third, we discuss potential interpretations of developmental changes in brain activation during speech perception in preterm infants. We present data that reveal the development of speech processing in full-term and preterm infants. We conclude that fNIRS can aid in the anticipation of language delay in preterm infants and may facilitate early intervention and treatment of such dysfunctions.
Karol Wojtyla e os níveis de sentido da regra de ouro
Authors: Salles Sergio De Souza , Da Silveira Carlos Frederico Gurgel Calvet
Published: July 2015

A regra de ouro, o princípio ético segundo o qual devemos fazer aos outros o que nós queremos que nos façam, é também conhecida na tradição cristã como regra de amor ao próximo. O objetivo do presente artigo é examinar a relação entre dois níveis de sentido da regra de ouro nas investigações filosóficas de Karol Wojtyla, anteriores ao seu pontificado. Uma vertente do atual debate sobre a regra deouro diz respeito às suas raízes antropológicas e ao seu sentido ético. A abordagem filosófica de Karol Wojtyla da regra de ouro perpassa tanto a investigação de suas raízes antropológicas quanto de suas exigências éticas. Com efeito, há um sentido pré-ético da regra de ouro em Karol Wojtyla, que está vinculado à sua abordagem fenomenológica da pessoa humana e da vida em comunidade. Nesse nível, a regra deouro é descrita a partir da lógica da autorrealização, que manifesta o valor personalista da ação humana. Por outro lado, há também um segundo sentido propriamente ético da regra de ouro, graças ao qual desenvolve sua perspectiva da doação de si como condição darealização de si mesmo. Nessa perspectiva wojtyliana, o que torna uma regra moral áurea é a sua capacidade de integrar e complementara busca pela própria realização com a realização do outro mediante a doação de si mesmo.
Poder, violência e biopolítica. Diálogos (in)devidos entre H. Arendt e M. Foucault
Authors: M. M. Bartolomé Ruiz Castor
Published: July 2015

Este ensaio tem por objetivo apresentar uma crítica das teses naturalistas da violência. O marco da crítica diz respeito à naturalização da violência, que induz a assimilação do poder como uma forma de violência. Para tanto, retomamos as teses de Hannah Arendt e Michel Foucault sobre o poder e a violência. O objetivo não é elencar as diferenças entre estes autores sobre o tema, que ficam explícitas no desenvolvimento do ensaio, mas mostrar as suas concordâncias a respeito da crítica do poder como algo sinônimo de violência.
A Filosofia da História como o lugar de efetivação da liberdade no Sistema da Ciência Hegeliano
Authors: Julião José Nicolao
Published: July 2015

Em Hegel, mais do que em qualquer outro filósofo que o antecedeu, a história ganha estatuto filosófico fundamental, pois o seuinteresse por ela está presente em todas as partes de sua filosofia. Para Hegel, a filosofia é história universal (Weltgeschichte), ou seja, história do progresso na consciência da liberdade. E, enquanto processo de ampliação da liberdade, a história ganha um lugar de destaque no sistema hegeliano, aparece na última parte do espírito objetivo, como história universal, efetivando, desta maneira, a estrutura ontológica e metodológica do conceito liberdade apresentado no último livro da Ciência da Lógica. O objeto deste estudo é, portanto a Filosofia da História Universal compreendida como um universo efetivo da ampliação da liberdade e do pensamento filosófico que consideramos como o encerramento sistemático da filosofia de Hegel, dado que as partes que compõem o espírito absoluto – arte, religião e filosofia – são independentes, compreendendo cada uma em si mesma um sistema acabado. Em suma, o nosso objetivo é precisamente o de demonstrar o lugar de destaque que ocupa a história universal no Sistema da Ciência hegeliano.
Manual de monitoramento da qualidade dos registros de enfermagem na assistência domiciliar
Authors: Barbosa Silvia Freitas , Tronchin Daisy Maria Rizatto
Published: July 2015

RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar um instrumento para monitorar a qualidade dos registros de enfermagem no Programa de Assistência Domiciliar (PAD) em um hospital universitário. Método: estudo metodológico envolvendo a elaboração de um manual e submetido à validação de conteúdo por seis juízes sob consenso ≥ 80%. A coleta ocorreu em 2012 por meio de questionário contendo: evolução de enfermagem, diagnóstico e prescrição de enfermagem e normas para os registros da equipe de enfermagem preconizadas pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem-SP e pela instituição. Os itens do manual foram julgados de acordo com as variáveis - relevância, pertinência, clareza e simplicidade. Resultados: das 39 proposições 100% atingiram consenso ≥ 80% em relevância, pertinência e clareza; 92,3% em simplicidade. Os itens sono/repouso, mobilidade e checagem nas atividades prescritas não atingiram consenso mínimo favorável, sendo aprimorados pelas sugestões dos juízes. Conclusão: acreditamos que o instrumento possibilitará a melhoria dos processos de trabalho no PAD.
Utilização de Geotecnologia para o Mapeamento de Áreas de Preservação Permanente no Município de João Neiva, ES
Authors: Luppi Alixandre Sanquetta Laporti , Rosa dos Santos Alexandre , Eugenio Fernando Coelho , Feitosa Lorena Sant’ Anna
Published: July 2015

Este estudo propõe-se a demonstrar como a utilização de geotecnologias pode ajudar de forma eficaz no mapeamento de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs), auxiliando no entendimento das áreas a serem preservadas. O estudo foi realizado em todo o município de João Neiva, ES, com o objetivo de elaborar mapas analógicos e digitais do município; delimitar as Áreas de Preservação Permanente na óptica da Legislação Ambiental; confrontar essas áreas com o uso da terra correspondente; e ressaltar a importância de identificar as áreas de forma automática, para que se possam implantar projetos ambientais que visem promover ações em busca de um relacionamento sustentável entre homem e ambiente de forma mais eficiente. O município de João Neiva possui uma área de 88,64 km² de APPs totais (32,55% da área total do município). As APPs ao redor de nascentes (buffer de 50 m), nas encostas com declividade superior a 45 graus, topos de morro (terço superior de morros) e margens dos cursos d’água (buffer de 30 m) representaram, respectivamente, 0,54 km² (0,20%), 1,92 km² (0,70%), 62,66 km² (23,01%) e 23,50 km² (8,63%) da área total do município.
Reducing disaster risk in cities: moving towards a new set of skills
Authors: Bosher Lee
Published: July 2015

Cities need to be more resilient to disasters. Lee Bosher of Loughborough University, Cassidy Johnson of UCL and Jason Von Meding of The University of Newcastle, Australia say that civil engineers are ideally placed to help but they need new skills to do so.
Waste glass aggregate for cementitious and polymer concrete
Authors: Andiç-Çakır Özge , Üzüm Onur , Yüksel Cihat , Sarikanat Mehmet
Published: July 2015

Glass waste is produced in considerable amounts annually. Due to the disadvantageous nature of its recycling process, its reuse gains importance. Given the high reactivity level of glass-incorporating mixtures, the reuse of waste glass as aggregate in polymer concrete was investigated. Polymer concrete mixtures, including unsaturated polyester resin, hardener and accelerator, waste glass aggregate (up to 8 mm) and glass fabrics, were prepared for the investigation of mechanical properties. The composite specimens were reinforced by means of glass fabrics in various types (woven or mat), amounts (single or double layer) and orientation (perpendicular or parallel to loading direction). The mechanical properties of polymer concretes were tested for flexural tensile strength and compressive strength. In addition, thermal conductivity and residual strength after elevated temperatures were determined. It was concluded that these composites with easy preparation techniques have superior mechanical and thermal insulation properties compared with their counterparts available for use and their mechanical properties were mainly affected by the amount, type and orientation of the glass fabric reinforcement.
Disaster management in Pakistan
Authors: Malik Mariam , Cruickshank Heather
Published: July 2015

Pakistan's largest metropolis and economic hub, Karachi, surrounded by numerous tectonically active faults, is ill-equipped to cope with seismic hazards. The city is vulnerable mainly due to inadequate construction techniques, lack of awareness, political will and scant historical seismic data. The existing disaster management policies often remain ineffective or unimplemented due to technical or financial constraints, shortage of trained personnel and weak information-sharing mechanisms. This research identifies such challenges in Karachi and explores the global disaster risk reduction initiatives from better prepared countries, whose implementation feasibility is assessed based on local economic, social, topographical and political circumstances. Shortlisting five fundamental aspects of disaster risk reduction, a multi-prong strategy is devised, addressing Karachi's vulnerability and exposure to both urban communities and slums. An earthquake early warning system model using cell broadcast technology is formulated, proposing to supplement the existing upgradable seismic network in Pakistan. This and other priority measures constituting the proposed strategy present a customised pragmatic approach of shifting from an emergency response paradigm towards prevention, mitigation and preparedness.
Early-age heat development in GGBS concrete structures
Authors: Tang Kangkang , Millard Steve , Beattie Greg
Published: July 2015

China accounts for approximately half of global steel production and more than 80 Mt of blast-furnace slag is generated every year as a by-product. About 80% of blast-furnace slag is recycled in China and the majority of this is used as an additive in low-grade composite cement or ‘blast-furnace cement’. This paper discusses the technical feasibility of using ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) in structural concrete for high-value applications in China. The effects of the slag on concrete compressive strengths are investigated experimentally at different curing temperatures. The influence of partial replacement of CEM I with GGBS on the heat development of concrete is investigated through isothermal calorimetry tests. The presence of slag contributes to a reduced heat output rate. The results obtained from the isothermal calorimetry tests are also used to simulate the heat liberation process in suspended concrete slabs using finite-element software. Finite-element modelling results, validated by semi-adiabatic calorimetry tests, indicate that partial replacement of CEM I cement with GGBS contributes to a reduced peak hydration temperature and this has a beneficial effect in hot-weather concreting.
Effect of boundary conditions on dynamic behaviour of bridges
Authors: Samanipour Kianoosh , Vafai Hassan
Published: July 2015

A moving vehicle, owing to its vibration and mass inertia, has significant effects on the dynamic response of structures. Most bridge codes define a factor called the dynamic load allowance, which is applied to the maximum static moment under static loading due to traffic load. This paper presents how to model an actual truck on bridges and how the maximum dynamic stresses of bridges change during the passage of moving vehicles. Furthermore, an algorithm to solve the governing equation of the bridge simultaneous with the equations of motion of an actual European truck is presented. Subsequently, 32 dynamic analyses of different bridges with different spans, road profiles and boundary conditions are performed and critical influential speeds are obtained. Results, based on these analyses, illustrate that, depending on the bridge boundary conditions, the speed of the moving truck has a significant influence on the entire structural dynamic response. Using the finite-difference method, it is shown that, when vehicle speeds are considerably higher, for example in the case of high-speed railway bridges, current design codes may predict dynamic stresses lower than actual stresses; therefore, the consequences of a full-length analysis must be utilised to design safe high-speed train bridges.
Consumer Spending and Property Taxes
Authors: Surico Paolo , Trezzi Riccardo
Published: July 2015

A major change of the property tax system in 2011 generated significant variation in the amount of housing taxes paid by Italian households. Using new questions added to the Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW), we exploit this variation to provide an unprecedented analysis of the effects of property taxes on consumer spending. A tax on the main dwelling leads to large expenditure cuts among households with mortgage debt and low liquid wealth but generates only small revenues for the government. In contrast, higher tax rates on other residential properties reduce private savings and yield large tax revenues.
A proposal for the probabilistic sizing of rainwater tanks for constant demand
Authors: Allen J , Haarhoff J
Published: July 2015

In recent years there has been an international trend towards installing rainwater tanks in an attempt to save water. This study investigates the possibility of simplifying the process of sizing a rainwater tank for optimal results under constant water demand. The required size of a rainwater tank is influenced by the Mean Annual Precipitation, the size of the roof which is being used for harvesting, the water demand, the desired certainty of supply and the rainfall patterns. The study investigates the use of a generalised equation of the form y = a(x - 1)b + c, where x is a runoff parameter, y is a storage parameter and a, b and c are constants which differ for each location, depending on rainfall characteristics. Results obtained using the generalised equation are compared to results obtained by simulating tank behaviour over a 16-year period (1994-2009) at three rainfall stations. The results suggest that such an equation can be used to estimate the storage capacity of a rainwater tank.
Adjudication in South African construction industry practice: Towards legislative intervention
Authors: Maritz M , Hattingh V
Published: July 2015

Adjudication in South African construction practice has, through various initiatives of the South African government and Construction Industry Development Board, the increased use of international standard form construction contracts, and the South African High Court's robust approach in enforcing adjudicators' decisions, become relatively commonplace in both the public and private sectors as the first tier in dispute resolution procedures on construction projects across the South African construction industry. This paper considers several judgements of the South African courts dealing with adjudication and certain of the South African government and Construction Industry Development Board's initiatives which, together with South African construction industry adjudication practice, combine in solidifying a foundation for the implementation of a legislative framework underpinning the application and practice of adjudication in the South African construction industry.
Akademische und Offizielle Statistik vereint. Ein Interview mit Peter Hackl.
Authors: Hackl Peter , Müller Werner , Templ Matthias
Published: July 2015

Das Interview mit Peter Hackl wurde von Werner Muller und Matthias Templ am 20.03.2014 gehalten. Es zeichnet ein Bild des beruflichen Werdeganges von Peter Hackl, von der Physik und des Welthandeles mit der Statistik in der richtigen Skala, long runners bei Marathons und Textbuchern, von seiner Zeit an der Wirtschaftsuniversität in Wien, Abstechern zur "Handelshögskolan", nach Abu Dhabi und Peer-Reviews fur exotischen Institutionen wie Eurostat. Weiters werden seine zahlreichen Fuhrungsrollen in der ÖSG und in der Statistik Austria beleuchtet. Im Blickfeld ist auch eine Diskussion über die Ausrichtung der Statistik.
Ten seconds of passive stretching reduces the maximum strength
Authors: Di Mauro Henrique Scomparim , Junior Roberto Moriggi , Dias Sergio de Carvalho , Matos Jaqueline Maria de , Urtado Christiano Bertoldo
Published: July 2015

Background: The flexibility and strength are the physical connected capabilities of the individual autonomy. When these are in adequatelevels a considerable improvement in the quality of life of children, young, adults and older people has been noted. Nevertheless, forthe development of these capabilities to be significant there must be an intervention of strength training (ST) and flexibility. However,according to recent evidence, there may be a possible interference between these two capabilities when performed in the same session,and the magnitude of this interference can be closely related to the duration and intensity of stretching. Objective: To assess whetherthe series of high intensity stretching (Flexing or stretching to its maximum amplitude) lasting ten seconds could negatively influencethe strength generation. Method/Design: Were evaluated nine healthy volunteers practitioners of ST. Maximum strength was testedwith and without a single stretching series, before the 1RM test (test re-test). Data were presented as mean ± standard deviationand the significance level was 0.05. Results: The results shows that the use of flexibility maneuver (FM) lasting 10 seconds in levels8-10 visual analogue pain scale (classified as severe) was enough to depress at 3.15% (p = 0.021 95% CI = 0.42 to 4.01) maximum strengthof subjects when compared to the method without MF. Conclusions: These data suggests that stretching may negatively interfere withthe generation of maximum strength even in little time, leaving questionable practice for events that precede strength generation.
Espelho barroco: nação e narrativa em Sempreviva, de Antônio Callado
Authors: Freitas Marcus Vinicius de
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho se propõe a analisar o romance Sempreviva, da
autoria de Antônio Callado, a partir dos procedimentos de
extração barroca característicos de sua narrativa. O barroco,
tal como caracterizado por Sarduy, Lezama Lima e Carpentier,
e tal como utilizado por Callado enquanto metáfora construtiva
de seu romance, deixa entrever a possibilidade de uma leitura
da história nacional a partir de seus vazios. As relações entre
história e literatura revelam-se então a partir de uma
compreensão da ficção como uma possível estratégia de leitura
da história.

This works aims at analysing Antônio Callado’s Sempreviva,
from the viewpoint of the baroque elements which characterize
its narrative. The baroque style, defined by Sarduy, Lezama
Lima and Carpentier, among others, as well as used by Callado
in the process of constructing his novel, helps the novelist in
his task of constructing a new approach to the matters of
national identity and natinal history. Yet, the relationship
between history and literature reveals itself as a strategy for
reading the oficial history.
Dois estudos (legítimos) de literatura comparada
Authors: Franco Márcia Maria de Arruda
Published: July 2015

A concepção renascentista de criação poética levou não só à
imitação dos modelos greco-latinos, mas também à
reinterpretação da herança trovadoresca. Este trabalho
apresenta, através de dois estudos comparativos centrados
em Sá de Miranda, as duas facetas do Renascimento português
em sua releitura do passado literário.

Renaissance’s poetic conception reclaimed not only imitation
of ancient Greek & Roman models, but also reinterpretation
of medieval tradition. This text contains,in two comparative
studies around Sá de Miranda, both sides of Portuguese
Renaissance’s reading of the literary past.
Coesão textual: o articulador "onde"
Authors: Marinho Janice Helena Chaves
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho pretende apresentar uma análise preliminar do
uso de um mecanismo coesivo – o articulador onde – em
textos orais e escritos, produzidos por alunos e professores
universitários. Pretendo mostrar, através de exemplos extraídos
de vários textos, diferentes usos desse mecanismo bem como
discutir sua atuação tanto no âmbito da sentença quanto no
âmbito do discurso.

This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the use of the
item onde (where) in oral and written texts produced by
university students and professors. We intend to show, through
several examples found in many texts, different uses of this
coesive mechanism and also to discuss a possible enlargement
of its field of action.
Silviano Santiago, Ricardo Piglia e as narrativas do Cone Sul
Authors: Pereira Maria Antonieta
Published: July 2015

Análise da função editor como recurso de composição das
obras Em liberdade,de Silviano Santiago, e Nome falso –
homenagem a Roberto Arlt, de Ricardo Piglia.

Análisis de la función editor como recurso de composición de
las obras Em liberdade, de Silviano Santiago, e Nome falso –
homenagem a Roberto Arlt, de Ricardo Piglia.
Resenha: After The Revolution: Twenty Years of Portuguese Literature, 1974-1994. Editado por: Helena Kaufman e Anna Klobucka. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press; London: Associated University Press, 1997. 252 p.
Authors: Freitas Marcus Vinicius De
Published: July 2015

.
Sobre a recepção de Os Lusíadas em França até ao século XVIII
Authors: Sousa Sérgio Paulo Guimarães de
Published: July 2015

Pretendeu-se, com este estudo, descrever, nos seus aspectos
mais relevantes, a recepção de Os Lusíadas em França até ao
século XVIII, de forma a melhor entender o prestígio que este
autor e a sua epopeia, actualmente, gozam nesse país.

On a prétendu, avec cet étude, décrire, dans ses aspects les
plus importants, la réception de Os Lusíadas en France jusqu’au
siècle XVIII, de manière à mieux comprendre le préstige que
cet auteur et son épopée, actuellement, jouissent dans ce pays
As imagens da Terra na poesia de Carlos de Oliveira
Authors: Alves Ida Maria Santos Ferreira
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho analisa a obra poética de Carlos de Oliveira a
partir de um ponto de vista metodológico que deseja descrever
as configurações simbólicas em torno do elemento terra,
aplicando especialmente as teses desenvolvidas por Gilbert
Durand em seu Les Structures Anthropologiques de l’Imaginaire.
Temos o propósito de demonstrar que o projeto poético do
autor progride de uma escrita de intervenção social, cânone
neo-realista, para uma escrita de teorização do próprio poético
que discute a representação.

This paper analyses the poetic works of Carlos de Oliveira
from a methodological point of view that wishes to describe
the simbolical configurations around the element earth aplying
specially theses developed by Gilbert Durand in his Les
Structures Anthropologiques de l’Imaginaire. We have the
purpose of demostrating that his poetical works evolves from
a social writing, “neo-realista” canon, to a writing of theorization
about the poetics itself what discuss the representation.
The Autobiographical Novels of Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette and Virginia Woolf: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ladani Zahra Jannessari , Ladani Safoura Tork
Published: July 2015

Autobiographical mode of writing informs the works of many novelists, consciously or unconsciously. There are, however, diverse techniques for formulating these conscious or unconscious autobiographical interpolations in literary works. This essay aims to study the works of Sidonie-Gabreille Colette and Virginia Woolf to trace the nuances of the autobiographical mode in two contemporary female writers from different nations. We do not aim at proving that these two writers deploy the autobiographical mode in their writings, but how similar and different their autobiographical techniques in the creation of fiction are. Therefore, Colette’s and Woolf’s novels, in general, will be compared and contrasted with an eye on their self-defined strategies for the development of autobiographical fiction.
Transformation of the Economic System of Republic of Srpska and its Adaptation to Global Processes
Authors: Mastilo Zoran
Published: July 2015

Republic of Srpska cannot boast of its economic system ever since the onset of the Global Economic and Financial Crisis (2008) to this day. Global Economic and Financial Crisis has produced negative effects onto a small economy like the economy of the Republic of Srpska (RS). In times of such crisis, RS has been faced with high unemployment rate (44%), reduced industrial production, enormous public debt, high deficits and colossal illiquidity. It indicates that the Republic of Srpska is characterised by poor macroeconomic indicators. The fact that RS possesses rich and diverse natural resources, which should be a key factor in its present and future development, did not help the economic system of RS in any way. The industry has been designated as a major segment of development by a long-term strategy of socio-economic development. Such long-term strategy has not given any results in terms of positive rate of economic growth, nor even the slightest improvement of any of the macroeconomic indicators so far. Urgent transformation of the economic system of the Republic of Srpska and its adaptation to the global processes is more than necessary. This can be achieved by offering investors numerous benefits and opportunities for investment under very favourable conditions, particularly in the industries and sectors representing significant natural resources. First of all, it is believed that there is great potential for the development of agriculture; exceptionally favourable conditions for the development of thermal and hydro energy sector; numerous possibilities of providing energy from renewable sources; vast areas covered by forests, mining and mineral resources; great tourist potential, etc. The above listed items are the essential ones, although there are others, which can represent a good basis for development of the economic system. Transformation of the economic system of RS will depend on many factors, primarily, of globalization that has contributed to the huge increase in trade, as well as of modern communication technologies. Globalisation has both positive and negative aspects, but it has certainly brought significant changes. The developed world is the bearer of the globalization process and it made the best use of current global circumstances. The solution is in creation of economic and political integrations, being in a cause-effect relationship with the process of globalization. Economic system of the Republic of Srpska simply has to be included in the such integrations.
The Role of Culture and Society in the Development of Plot in Tanushree Podder’s Escape from Harem and Gita Mehta’s A River Sutra: A Feminist Reading
Authors: Khandhar Diren Ashok , Mani Manimangai
Published: July 2015

Culture and Society are often the main gist of most novels. These two factors often influence and control the characters, thus helping in the development of the plot. A plot, as defined by Egan (1978), is used to indicate an outline of events and serves as a skeleton in a literary piece. In other words, it is a tool in making sure the main incidents or scenarios are presented in a particular order to establish a clear understanding of what is being written. Culture and society plays the essence in a novel as it constructs these main ideas in engaging the interest of a reader and also extends the intended message of the particular writer. This paper looks into how culture and society helps in developing the plots of the selected novels using the feminist approach. Tanushree Podder’s, Escape from Harem (2013) and Gita Mehta’s A River Sutra (1993) amazingly are both set in India. Podder and Mehta have inserted the perception society had over women and how male supremacy was glorified in many aspects. The essence of feminist approach was very much present in these two novels. According to Tyson (2006), feminism concerns the ways in which literature undermines the economic, political, social and psychological oppression on women. Though the setting of both novels fall in different eras but the theme of female oppression remains the same. The patriarchal society uses culture and religion as a tool to control women and oppress them. Both authors have shown how the women in the 17th century and in the 20th century face the same kind of judgment from the society and men in general.
Follow-Up Prediction of Personality Types A and B Based on Neo Personality Traits
Authors: Khademi Ali , Rostaminejad Shekofe , Mahmoudfakhe Heman
Published: July 2015

The current paper was aimed at prediction of follow-up of personality types A and B based on Neo personality traits. Participants in the present article included 100 people referring to diet centers in Tankabon who were selected by simple random sampling method. Neo personality characteristics questionnaire and McCrae and Costa questionnaire (1985) and the Personality types A and B questionnaire by Burn Reuter were used. Findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between personality types A and B Scores and Neo personality characteristics components at the 0/05 level and the latter, i.e. Neo personality characteristics components would predict 65/8% of the personality types A and B variations. Also, results of variance analysis indicate significance of this prediction and from among the Neo personality characteristics components; the component of conscientiousness contributed most to prediction of personality types A and B.
Optimization of supplementary feeding programs for European vultures depends on environmental and management factors
Authors: Moreno-Opo Rubén , Trujillano Ana , Margalida Antoni
Published: July 2015

Despite the consensus among ecologists and conservationists of the importance of maintaining scavenger feeding patterns based primarily on natural prey sources, human‐mediated feeding remains a widely used management tool for threatened wildlife. Thus, it is important to understand the key factors favoring certain species and age‐groups at supplementary feeding sites. Through a detailed videomonitored experiment of carrion inputs at different locations in the Iberian Peninsula (home of >90% of European vultures), we assessed how variables related to weather, time, demography, management and alternative food availability influenced the occurrence patterns of different age‐classes of vultures at feeding sites. The most threatened and less gregarious species (bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus and Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus) attended to earlier inputs, thus reducing interspecific competition with the Eurasian griffon vulture Gyps fulvus. The bearded vulture was favored by a larger biomass supply at the feeding sites during the chick‐rearing period, while the Egyptian vulture preferred frequent and abundant inputs. Non‐adult cinereous vultures Aegypius monachus were favored at times of lower abundance of natural resources and in the densest networks of feeding sites, while adults preferentially attended sites with periodic inputs close to breeding colonies in areas with lower availability of other natural prey. Finally, the Eurasian griffon vulture showed a preference for continued and periodic inputs, and for feeding sites with numerous other feeding sites in the surroundings. Our results help to inform the management of supplementing food provision with the aim of enhancing its value to reverse the unfavorable conservation status of endangered species and to mitigate the negative effects of the current global threats impacting them.