bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Residency Applicant Preferences for Continuing Virtual Interviews: A National Database Analysis
Authors: Lenze Nicholas R. , Benjamin William J. , Mihalic Angela P. , Edje Louito , Bohm Lauren A. , Thorne Marc C. , Kupfer Robbi A. , Brenner Michael J.
Published: February 2025

Background There is a paucity of evidence to guide decision-making regarding continuation of virtual interviews.

Objective To evaluate residency applicant preferences for continuation of virtual interviews.

Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional analysis utilized data from the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency (STAR) survey to evaluate (1) what percentage of applicants favor continuation of virtual interviews from 2021 to 2023, and (2) what factors predict a preference for continuation of virtual interviews. The Texas STAR survey is distributed annually to graduating medical students in the United States. It contains approximately 50 questions related to academic metrics and the residency application process, as well as 5 optional sociodemographic questions.

Results The response rate for our sample was 37.3% (20 947 respondents out of 56 226 potential respondents), and 20 547 met inclusion criteria. Among these, 14 127 (68.8%) applicants favored continuation of virtual interviews. The percentage of applicants favoring continuation of virtual interviews increased annually (57.5% in 2021, 70.2% in 2022, and 78.8% in 2023; P<.001). Female sex (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.30-1.56; P<.001), underrepresented in medicine (UIM) status (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.51-2.01; P<.001), and geographic region (Central: OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.06-1.34; P=.003, and Northeast: OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.07-1.34; P=.002, versus South) were associated with favoring continuation of virtual interviews. Applicants to a surgical specialty (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.53-0.64; P<.001) were less likely to agree with the continuation of virtual interviews.

Conclusions Most applicants favor continuation of virtual residency interviews, a trend that has increased over 3 consecutive application cycles.
Review of Valentin Lazea, O Istorie Morală a Politicilor Monetare şi Fiscale [A Moral History of Monetary and Fiscal Policies], Bucureşti, Publica, 2023, 176 pp., 978-606-722-595-2
Authors: Teclean Cezar
Published: February 2025

The author leads us on a historical journey of moral economics over the last century and a half through an examination of monetary and fiscal policies during the period under review. Methods and conceptual approaches for investigating economic morality are critically analyzed and potential augmentations are proposed.
NON-HUMAN NATURE AS ALLY AND ADVERSARY IN THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING: AN ECOCRITICAL READING
Authors:   Union University Belgrade, Faculty of Law and Business Studies Dr Lazar Vrkatić, Simić Ana
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an ecocritical reading of The Fellowship of the Ring (1954), the
first volume of The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955), from the perspective of deep
ecology, a philosophical and ethical approach that holds that all human and non-human
species (including geographical features like rivers, lakes, mountains and forests) are
equal in the shared ecosystem, and rejects anthropogenic view that humanity is the
dominant species. The paper will explore how non-human beings (non-human animals,
plants, forests, rivers, the weather, etc.) appear as allies and/or adversaries to human/
human-like protagonists. The aim is to offer an ecocritical reading that will lead to a
deeper understanding and greater appreciation of Tolkien and his works as a call to
humanity to change their destructive ways and recognize the interconnectedness and
interdependency of all participants in our ecosystem.
Probiotics in Preoperative Primary Cleft Treatment
Authors: Roode Gieljam J
Published: February 2025

The limited availability of tissue for reconstruction in cleft surgery necessitates stringent control of surgical site infections, as any infection can result in detrimental outcomes for the surgical site and fragile tissue. The type, number and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens present preoperatively have increased exponentially in infants with a cleft, adversely affecting treatment outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether the microbial composition and diversity could be altered during the post-obturpaedic period through the application of probiotics.

A prospective study was conducted, including 75 consecutive patients scheduled for primary repair of the cleft in the soft palate. The average age of the patients was 8 months and 15 days, with a gender distribution of 36 males and 39 females. This research was conducted in a private practice specialising in cleft surgery. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon. Written consent from patients or patient’s guardian and health clearance from a paediatric physician were prerequisites for inclusion in the study.

Probiotics were administered for 14 days prior to primary palatal surgery. Swabs were collected from the surgical site in all 75 patients before the application of the disinfectant and were analysed for microscopy, culture and sensitivity. The results were compared with three previous studies from the same facility. Pathogenic microorganisms were cultured in 63/75 patients (84%), representing a 13% improvement compared to the study published in 2022 by the same institution. Additionally, the diversity of species decreased from 42 to 23. The most prevelant pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae, was identified in 30.6% of cases, reflecting a 15% reduction compared to the 2022 study.

The reduction in both the number and diversity of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as in their resistance to antimicrobial preoperative application, is a positive outcome. These findings suggest that probiotics contribute to the prevention of postoperative infections and support improved surgical outcomes.
Acercamiento de Horacio al género épico en los Epodos 1 y 9
Authors: Zarza Mariano
Published: February 2025

En primer lugar, presentamos como ejemplo algunos poemas en los que Horacio rechaza el género épico a través de la recusatio, como en las Odas I, 6 y IV, 15. En segundo lugar, nos detenemos en el análisis de los Epodos 1 y 9, ya que consideramos que en estos poemas realiza un gran acercamiento a la épica, pues expone escenas referidas al viaje y a la batalla de Accio. Hay un tono serio y contenidos propios del género épico; sin embargo, a pesar de que no aparece una recusatio de manera explícita, ambos poemas terminan distanciándose de ese género en los últimos versos: el Epodo 1 finaliza en tono humorístico, anticipando muchos de los epodos siguientes; el 9, por su parte, concluye del mismo modo que había comenzado, con características del género simposíaco. De esta forma, Horacio demuestra que tiene la capacidad para practicar el género que desee, incluso la épica, pero se mantiene dentro de la poesía yámbica para delimitar sus propias fronteras genéricas. Un concepto clave en nuestro estudio será el de “enriquecimiento genérico” de HARRISON (2007).
Gold and madness
Authors: de Jaime Ruiz Pilar , de Jaime Lorén José María
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes a document notarized in Zaragoza in 1502. It represents a contract signed by the
representatives of a mentally ill woman affected by insanity with a professional gilder. It specifies the fees and guarantees required.
Stability of Financial Institutions Under the Influence of Cyber Threats
Authors: Polishchuk Volodymyr , Fedirko Nataliia , Grytsyshen Dymytrii , Ohdanskyi Kyrylo , Kotkovskyy Volodymyr
Published: February 2025

Objective: The article aims to analyze the current trends in ensuring the cybersecurity of financial institutions and its role in their functioning.
 
Theoretical Framework: The issue of the impact of cybersecurity is a top priority for the functioning of a financial institution. Therefore, its provision becomes a priority in organizing the further activities of the institution itself. An important area of research is the disclosure of the practical experience of information corporations in providing technical solutions to ensure the security of financial transactions and support the global financial system.
 
Method: The proposed research methodology allowed to obtain results on the stability of financial institutions and the role of cybersecurity in their activities.
 
Results and Discussion: The results of the study include a detailed profile of effective practical solutions to ensure the stability of financial institutions based on the implementation of blockchain technologies. The study presents the experience of Ukrainian financial institutions that use variable digital defense strategies and maintain their functionality based on an effective cybersecurity system in the context of a global military conflict. The authors pay attention to the issue of modern software, hardware, and management solutions to improve the quality of cybersecurity in the context of growing cyberattacks and digital threats to the stability of financial institutions.
 
Research Implications: The paper describes the theoretical foundations of the cyber protection concept. The authors also outline the specifics of cybersecurity and the leading technological solutions for achieving these goals. Special attention is paid to modern, innovative solutions to maintain the stability of financial institutions and the possibility of further development.
 
Originality/Value: The research findings may be helpful for further analytical studies on the effectiveness of cybersecurity and the stability of financial institutions.
The Role of the Welfare State in Reintegrating the Rights of Women and Children in the Period of Armed Conflict: International Legal Aspect
Authors: Maksymovych Roman , Zamula Alina , Nurullaiev Ilkin , Bogdashevskyi Taras , Barinov Artem
Published: February 2025

Objective: This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impacts of military conflicts on vulnerable societal groups — women and children.
 
Theoretical Framework: Women and children bear the burden of conflict and are often subjected to violence, loss of property and breadwinners, and threats to their health.
 
Method: The general structure of the study includes theoretical information, analysis of the international legal context, practical examples and conclusions on the effectiveness of welfare state measures in reintegrating the rights of women and children during armed conflicts.
 
Results and Discussion: It is demonstrated that the global normative legal field in this context is insufficient. Significant focus is placed on the issue of child soldier recruitment and the involvement of women in combat roles within modern armed forces. Variations in actions aimed at mitigating the worst consequences for these groups are outlined. The research also includes the study of the welfare state's practical experience in implementing programmes and projects to reintegrate the rights of women and children after armed conflicts.
 
Research Implications: The article analyses the role of the welfare state in reintegrating the rights of vulnerable societal groups within the framework of international legal provisions. Special attention in the study is given to the aspects of protection afforded to women under international legal frameworks.
 
Originality/Value: This research is dedicated to the pressing issues surrounding the protection of women's and children's rights during armed conflicts. The publication contains a multifaceted view of the problem and recommendations for further action.
Driving SDG Goals Through Brand Innovation: Reconstructing Super Symbols and Visual Identity for Chinese Menswear Brands in the Social Media Era
Authors: Jundi Dai , Bakar Muhammad Fauzan Abu
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study investigates the strategic role of super symbols in reconstructing the visual identity of Chinese menswear brands in the era of social media, with a focus on achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) "Partnerships for the Goals."
 
Theoretical Framework: Grounded in semiotics and brand identity theories, the study examines how visual symbols can integrate cultural heritage with modern branding practices.
 
Methods: A qualitative approach was adopted, using in-depth interviews with 15 industry professionals from China's Yangtze River and Pearl River Deltas. Thematic analysis was employed to extract key insights.
 
Results and Discussion: Findings reveal super symbols enhance brand differentiation, cultural resonance, and adaptability across platforms, while challenges such as market dynamics and cross-cultural relevance persist. A four-step framework—brand culture assessment, super symbol design, cross-platform visual identity creation, and iterative refinement—was proposed to address these challenges.
 
Research Implications: This research provides a systematic approach for Chinese menswear brands to strengthen global competitiveness while preserving cultural authenticity.
 
Originality Value: By addressing gaps in literature and proposing a practical framework, this study contributes to branding literature and supports the achievement of SDG through fostering sustainable global partnerships.
SDG-4 Quality Education for Empowering the Elderly: a Review on Policies within Cultural Perspectives
Authors: Cahyani Yesy Tri , Iskandar Kurniawaty , Surajaya I Ketut , Mizuno Kosuke , Jumanto Jumanto
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study examined the cultural influences in shaping elderly empowerment programs for creating healthy aging for the world to learn, thus encouraging the SDG-4 Quality Education within the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As a super-aged society, Japan serves as a model for elderly welfare policies, especially for Indonesia, which is rapidly approaching an aging population. Implementing effective policies requires a deep understanding of cultural perspectives, ensuring that they resonate with local values.
 
Theoretical Framework: According to anthropologist Lebra (1976), human behavior reflects and is shaped by culture, with each society having its own unique cultural norms. This is evident when comparing Japan and Indonesia, where cultural frameworks differ significantly. Ghafur (2022) suggests that laws, policies, and regulations reflect the underlying cultural values of a society and should be seen as integral to the nation's vision, not an impositions.
 
Method: This qualitative research collected data through interviews, literature reviews, and observations in elderly centers in Himeji, Japan, and elderly schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Results and Discussion: The findings revealed that Japanese values like bun (role) and meiwaku wo kakenai (avoiding burden) and Javanese values such as respect, harmony, diwongke, and Islamic principles like ikhlas (sincerity) and sumeleh (acceptance) shape elderly education programs in both countries.
 
Research Implications: Despite cultural differences, both Japan and Indonesia share the same goal: to empower the elderly for healthy longevity through education. Achieving this requires strong support from the governments and the society.
 
Originality/Value: As Indonesia approaches an aging society, learning from Japan’s experience and focusing on elderly education will be crucial for fostering inclusive quality education to     create healthy aging. Although Indonesia is learning elderly welfare policies from Japan, there are specific socio-cultural values that must be explored to prepare elderly education policies that are acceptable to the Indonesian society.
Enhancing Justice Collaborator Regulations in Indonesia: a Legal Framework for Strengthening Criminal Justice and Achieving SDG 16
Authors: Dwiyanti Asti , Ilyas Amir , Aswanto  , Muhadar
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the philosophical foundation, regulatory challenges, and the ideal framework for Justice Collaborator (JC) regulation in Indonesia’s criminal law system. The significance of JC lies in its crucial role in uncovering major crimes such as corruption, narcotics, and organized crime, yet its legal framework remains ambiguous and faces numerous challenges.
 
Methodology: This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, case-based, and conceptual approaches. Data analysis is conducted through a qualitative descriptive-analytical method.
 
Findings: The study finds that JC regulation in Indonesia is grounded in restorative justice, utilitarianism, law enforcement effectiveness, and Pancasila values. However, key challenges include the absence of lex specialis, legal uncertainty, and inadequate legal protection for JCs. The ideal regulatory framework should establish a strong legal foundation, ensure clear and transparent criteria and procedures, and provide comprehensive protection, including physical, legal, and psychological safeguards for JCs and their families.
 
Research Implications: This study contributes to the strengthening of criminal justice systems and supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, by advocating for legal clarity, enhanced witness protection, and more effective law enforcement mechanisms.
 
Originality/Value: This research highlights the urgent need for a structured and protective legal framework for Justice Collaborators, reinforcing accountability and fairness in criminal justice, particularly in combating high-impact crimes.
Reducing Pre-service Teachers’ Public Speaking Anxiety through a Virtual Reality Intervention
Authors: Dueck Bryce , Loucks Torrey , Pelletier Gabrielle , Daniels Lia
Published: February 2025

It is well documented that teachers experience a plethora of emotions in their work including anxiety. While most research has focused on anxiety in regard to curricular areas, teachers may also experience public speaking anxiety. Unlike curricular anxiety, public speaking anxiety permeates all aspects of a teacher’s work, thereby potentially exerting negative consequences for their own well-being and their students’ learning. This multi-method pre-post single-group pilot study aimed to explore sources of pre-service teachers’ public speaking anxiety and to test the utility of a virtual reality (VR) intervention to reduce public speaking and social appearance anxiety. Participants (n = 7) described three sources of public speaking anxiety: communication difficulties, expectations of others, and judgment of others. Participants delivered three lessons over a period of about 5 weeks to a VR classroom simulated by the Virtual Orator © program. There were 22 student avatars representing various genders and ethnicities. Avatars were programmed to be informal in their actions and generally friendly, but they could not interact with the participant. The results of paired-samples t-tests showed that public speaking and social appearance anxiety were significantly reduced following the VR intervention. Participants described the VR as realistic and useful for real life. We discuss the results from the perspective of the control-value theory of emotions with implications for teacher education programs.
The Role of Resilience for Women Entrepreneurs and Leaders
Authors: Fielding Charlotte , Wieland Alice
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the presence and importance of resilience to women entrepreneurs and leaders.  Five women from Connecticut ranging in age, experience, education, and fields of work were interviewed to gain an understanding of the challenges of a leadership position or entrepreneurial career, and the role that resilience has played.  Semi-structured interviews were used which allowed an in-depth exploration of their successes, struggles, and prior education and training for the roles held.  Interviewees also provided recommendations and insights for other women pursuing entrepreneurship and/or leadership.  All five interviewees agreed that to be successful in their positions, and even obtain their current positions, resilience skills played a foundational role, as they must confront challenges daily.  In conclusion, women professionals may benefit from participating in specialized resilience training which addresses the challenges unique to women’s perseverance in highly competitive careers to promote healthy habits in the work environment, and resources to preserver during challenges.
The Perceptions Held By South Asian American Youth When Faced With Ethnic Homophily Practices in Voting
Authors: Sebastian Aaron
Published: February 2025

This study explores the phenomenon of ethnic homophily in the context of voting behavior, or the practice of voting for, or having a preference towards, candidates of a similar ethnic background. Situated within the United States, South Asian American youth ages 18-27 are analyzed under this study, and a number of different factors are analyzed. Ultimately, the extent to which ethnic homophily impacts a voter’s behavior, the limitations to its presence, and the contexts in which it is emphasized are all explored within this study. A mixed-methods analysis was utilized with correlation coefficients, and a superarching thematic analysis, being conducted. Ethnic homophily, as the study results qualify, often impacts individuals by exacerbating struggles with cultural identity, creating isolating voting experiences, and misconstruing the sentiments of feeling represented. The limitations of ethnic homophily within South Asian American voters was ultimately found to only exist as a secondary factor to political propositions of candidates, and the contexts in which it is emphasized are within familial pressures, conforming to cultural norms, and begetting cultural representation for legislative processes.
Reconstruction and Prevention: Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Approaches for Cancer Patients
Authors: Murthy Shiven , Lilova Kristina , Torremocha Virgel , Kethar Jothsna
Published: February 2025

Cancer is a complex disease responsible for one-in-sixth deaths. Various environmental contaminants: heavy metals, synthetic organic dyes, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are carcinogenic in nature. This paper investigates the potential of nanotechnology in tissue repair and cancer prevention by environmental remediation of carcinogenic pollutants. Solid lipid nanoparticles, including liposomes, are promising candidates for targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. These nanocarriers can be engineered to selectively bind to diseased cells, delivering therapeutic drugs and potentially facilitating tissue repair processes. The development of those nanoparticles can benefit from combining it with Artificial Intelligence, i.e. AI can help to determine the shape and the size of the solid lipid nanoparticles targeting damaged tissues, and more importantly their biocompatibility to prevent further harm to the already damaged tissues. Molecular imaging techniques used for early detection and monitoring of carcinogenic cells can identify areas of damaged tissue with high sensitivity. This information can then be used to guide the targeted delivery of nanocarriers to the tumor site. Beyond drug delivery and tissue engineering applications, nanotechnology holds potential for cancer prevention strategies by environmental remediation of known carcinogenic pollutants. For example, ferric oxide nanoparticles have been shown to eliminate cadmium and arsenic from toxic substances.
Exploring Citizenship and Exclusion: The Dynamics of State Power and Administrative Practices
Authors: Tu Jiayan
Published: February 2025

Citizenship indeed provides a sense of belonging, but as Marshall discusses, it is more than just a feeling—it's a status conferred upon members of a community, ensuring equality among possessors in terms of associated rights and duties. Marshall argues that citizenship comprises civil, political, and social rights, with civil rights guaranteeing individual freedoms, political rights enabling participation in governance, and social rights ensuring economic welfare. The 20th century witnessed a shift towards recognizing social rights, challenging hierarchical class systems, and revealing patterns of exclusion inherent in the evolution of citizenship, particularly affecting marginalized groups and women. Exclusion seems to be the antithesis of citizenship, which is viewed as inclusive. This paper explores the nuanced differences between exclusion, omission, and elimination, examining state practices across different contexts and their implications for marginalized groups. It discusses how state capacity influences the choice of exclusionary strategies and considers the varying impacts of these strategies on social groups. By analyzing cases from Germany, Malaysia, India, Israel, and the UK, the paper provides a comparative study of exclusionary practices and their outcomes, contributing to the theoretical understanding of citizenship and state power.
Business Process Re-Engineering and Commercial Banks' Performance: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Genty Kabiru Ishola , Atiku Sulaiman Olusegun , Villet Hylton J.
Published: February 2025

The rapidly growth in markets as well as awareness and information across the globe requires that organisations to change their operational processes to compete globally. Based on this assertion, the study examined business process re-engineering as a predictor of organisational performance in selected commercial banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey style of research design was adopted for the study using questionnaire to obtain primary data. Target population of the study was given as Four Hundred and Seventeen (417) which comprised staff from all cadres such as low, middle and senior of eight (8) selected banks in Lagos Island, Lagos Nigeria. Primary data was drawn from a sample size of 201 which was determined statistically using Taro Yamane’s formula but responses were harvested from one hundred and sixty employees which reflected 80% response rate. Findings revealed that leadership change, commitments of top management and adopting information technology significantly affected and shared relationship with organisational performance. The study concluded that continuous improvement towards redesigning business process reengineering is potent enough to enhance and foster superlative performance in the banking sector. However, it was recommended that top priority on reengineering processes should be made by Commercial banks within their organisational structure as a means for boost their overall performance.
MENGELOLA RISIKO PERUBAHAN IKLIM PADA AIR IRIGASI DI DAERAH KERING
Authors: Nurzanah Wiwin , Pane Yunita , Dewi Irma
Published: February 2025

Changes in temperature, precipitation, atmospheric carbon dioxide, or abnormal solar radiation are examples of climate changes that can affect irrigation water needs. Reduced river runoff and aquifer recharge in the Mediterranean basin are also likely to exacerbate water scarcity in existing arid environments This study aims to propose a systematic approach to identifying, analyzing, and responding to climate change risks to irrigation water in dry areas using the Risk Management process.
The scope of this study is to use Monte Carlo simulation to manage climate change risks to irrigation water in dry areas. The first research method used is to make a list of identified climate change risks. Conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of the identified risks and make responses to the identified risks. The results of the quantitative risk analysis indicate that crop production losses due to climate change are estimated at 69%, 57%, and 45% at 90%, 50%, and 10% confidence levels, respectively. The last phase of the risk management process is risk response. The proposed responses to climate change risks include strategies to avoid, transfer, mitigate, and/or accept these risks. This study has made three contributions. First, it adopts a well-known risk management methodology in climate change studies. Second, it measures the combined impact of climate change risks on irrigation water in dry areas. Third, it recommends a series of response strategies to help policymakers mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change on irrigation water.
TRUST AS A PILLAR OF SOCIAL COHESION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA: DYNAMICS AND INTERCONNECTIONS
Authors: MOCANU Victor , MOCANU Ion
Published: February 2025

This article addresses the complex interlink between the levels of social cohesiveness and trust in the Republic of Moldova, underlining that both aspects are significant in determining the country's democratic development. The research describes the trust dynamics by elaborating a profound review of the literature, using secondary data analysis and quantitative research provided by the Institute of Legal, Political, and Sociological Research. Based on sociodemographic information and comparative analysis from other countries, it assesses the degree of trust among people and institutions, especially in the context of pandemic problems. The paper discusses the controversial state-building initiatives of the Republic of Moldova, the oligarchs' strong position, pervasive corruption, and state capture in a position to deprive institutional trust. Unfair competition poses serious barriers to the electoral democratic framework. It does, nonetheless, point to areas of hope, which include media and political plurality, active civil society, and developments around specific reform areas. Equally important is the commitment of the Republic of Moldova to European values, with the European Union holding the key leverage in terms of democratic transformation. While trust is a crucial ingredient in elaborating social cohesion and resilience in the Republic of Moldova, the article argues that democratic improvements will require constant EU incentives.
THE INFLUENCE OF AI-GENERATED CONTENT ON MEDIA CONSUMPTION AND INFORMATION ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Flores Gabriela C. , Los Añes Vincent Jericho V. , Mongaya Akiko Gabriel E. , Sebastian Aisle Ronna L.
Published: February 2025

AI-generated content has surfaced as a key element in transforming media consumption and influencing information ecosystems. This content is characterized by its continuous adaptation to user preferences, thereby enhancing life satisfaction through more efficient information gathering and sharing processes. This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional survey of 200 residents in Mandaluyong City to investigate the influence of AI-generated content on media consumption patterns and information ecosystems. It examined the role of demographic factors—such as sex, age, educational background, and family income—in shaping interactions with AI-generated content. Data analysis utilized statistical tools, including percentages, means, standard deviations, and chi-square tests, to assess the significance of correlations between demographic profiles and experiences with AI-generated content. Results showed that respondents primarily aged 20-24, exhibit significant familiarity with AI technologies and providing family income was identified as the only demographic factor significantly associated with the influence of AI-generated content on media consumption (p = 0.01 < 0.05). With all the social media platforms, 94% of respondents reported engaging with AI-generated content primarily on Facebook, reflecting as the highest interaction with social media platforms used by respondents. The findings indicate that respondents recognize AI-generated content as a valuable resource for uncovering relevant and new insight of information. This underscores the growing importance of AI-generated content in contemporary media consumption, establishing a necessary foundation for future research into its evolving effects on media behaviors and information ecosystems. Not only to contribute to a deeper understanding of current media consumption trends but also highlight the need for continued exploration of how AI-generated content will shape future communication dynamics. Furthermore, the study addresses its limitations and identifies potential avenues for further investigation in this dynamic and significant area of study.
Prevalence of Online Learning and its Impact on Traditional Education in Sabah, Malaysia: A Case Study on High Schools in Kota Kinabalu
Authors: Ongkili Judith Caroline , Sulimat Kamaliah Binti
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of online learning on traditional education in Sabah, Malaysia, with a specific focus on an institute namely the Politeknik Institute in Kota Kinabalu. Through a case study approach, data were collected via surveys to explore students’ perspectives on online learning practices and their implications for traditional teaching methods. The findings reveal a complex interplay between online and traditional education, highlighting both the advantages and challenges of integrating digital platforms into the learning environment. Students reported increased engagement and flexibility in online learning, yet expressed concerns about the lack of personal interaction and hands-on experiences typical of conventional classrooms. And, while online learning is perceived positively as a supplement to traditional education, concerns persist regarding technological barriers, digital literacy skills, and social engagement. This study contributes to the understanding of how online learning can complement traditional educational frameworks and suggests strategies for educators to enhance the learning experience in a rapidly evolving educational landscape. Ultimately, it emphasizes the necessity of adapting teaching methodologies to better serve the diverse needs of students in an increasingly digital world.
اثر انموذج روسمان (Rossman) في التعبير الكتابي عند طلاب الصَف الرابع الادبي
Authors: Prof. Dr. Ihsan Adnan Abdel Razzaq
Published: February 2025

هدف البحث الحالي إلى التعرف على "اثر انموذج روسمان (Rossman) في.التعبير الكتابي عند طلاب الصَف الرابع الادبي.".
ومن أجل تحقق الهدف اشتق الباحث الفرضية الأتية:
عدم وجود فرق. ذي دلالة. إحصائية. عند المستوى (0.05) بين المتوسط. لدرجات الطلاب في المجموعة التجريبية. الذين درسوا مادة. التَعبير الكِتابي على وفق خطوات انموذج روسمان (Rossman) بين المتوسط لدرجات الطلاب في المجموعة. الضابطة. الذين درسوا مادة التعبير. الكتابي على وفق خطوات الطريقة التقليدية في اختبار التعبير الكتابي البعدي."
بلغت عينة البحث. الحالي من (66) طالبا في اعدادية المثنى بن حارثة التابعة الى المديرية. العامة لتربية في محافظة بغداد/ الرصافة. الاولىْ في الصف الرابع الادبي.، في العام. الدراسي (2023.-. 2024) إذ اختارها الباحث عشوائيا، اذ مثلت المجموعة التجريبية الشعبة(أ) من (34) طالبا ،بينما مثلت الشعبة (د) بواقع (32) طالبا المجموعة الضابطة، وقد اعد الباحث اختبار التعبير الكتابي البعدي اذ تم التحقق من صدقه وثباته.
وبعد تنفيذ التجربة على مدى فصل دراسي طبق الباحث اختبار التعبير الكتابي ومن طريق استعمال الحقيبة. الإحصائية الحقيبة الاحصائية (SPSS{-28) بينت نتائج البحث الحالي "تفوق. طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين. درسوا على وفق انموذج روسمان (Rossman) على طلاب المجموعة الضابطة. الذين درسوا على وفق الطريقة التقليدية. في الاختبار البعدي" .
Collaboration Between Public Sectors and Community Organizations to Inhibit the Insurgencies Occurring in the Unrest Areas in the Southernmost Provinces
Authors: Bunnam Chaleomsak , Rinthaisong Idsaratt , Songsom Anuwat
Published: February 2025

The present study purposes to identify the consequences of
collaboration between public sectors and community organizations
and to study inuential factors towards collaboration to inhibit
insurgencies in the unrest areas in the southernmost provinces. There were
sixteen key informants habituating organizations situated in both rural and
urban areas that include leaders, committees, or members who are deployed
as representatives of the organizations in the southernmost provinces, and
ten people in a focus group. The research instrument was semi - structured
interviews. It was found that three phases of collaboration between public
sectors and community organizations in the southernmost provinces are: 1)
pre-insurgency collaboration in conducting activities and projects due to
government policies; 2) insurgent periods collaboration in coordination,
following up, and communication; 3) post-insurgency, collaboration in
habitation, healing, and assistance. Moreover, inuential factors towards
collaboration to inhibit insurgencies in the unrest areas in the southernmost
provinces, e.g. trustworthiness and communication between public sectors
and community organizations, participation in peace processes, community
administration, identity expression, and policy appropriateness.
Analysis of How Public Spending, Ination and Poverty Interact in West African Economies
Authors: Muhammed Kabiru , Suleiman Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

The connections between poverty, ination, and public spending are
intricate and extensive. Public spending has a signicant effect on the
economy, which inuences ination and poverty. This study looks at
how public spending, ination, and poverty are related in thirteen (13)
ECOWAS nations using the panel causality approach and annual data from
1990 to 2023 that was obtained from World Bank databases. The ndings of
the study highlight the critical role that capital spending and productive
economic activity play in fostering welfare enhancement and poverty
reduction by demonstrating that public spending has a unidirectional causal
relationship with poverty reduction. For these countries to enhance their
capital-based economy, the report recommends that the governments of such
nations increase their public investment.
Impact of Economic Recession on Nigeria's Macro Economics Performance (1991 to 2022)
Authors: Lawal Shan'una , Muhammad Halima
Published: February 2025

This paper seeks to examine and analyzed the main reasons for the
emergence of the current economic recession in Nigeria. The variables
used for the study include unemployment, ination and Gross
Domestic Product. The methodology of the paper includes Augmented
Dickey Fuller test (ADF) test, Johansen cointegration test and VAR model
with time series data from 1991-2022. The data was sources from Central Bank
of Nigeria. The nding of the study indicates that a unit change in
unemployment lagged by one year led to a 66% increase in Gross domestic
product, also a unit increase in ination lag by one year led to a 6% increase in
unemployment. At the same time, a percentage increase in GDP led to a 92
percent increase in employment. From the pairwise granger causality tests,
the results reveal that economic recession captured by GDP granger causes
both unemployment rate and ination rate within the period of 1991 and 2022.
This means that economic recession has signicant inuence on
unemployment, GDP and ination. The paper recommends among other,
effective government intervention through an effective synchronization
between measures of scal and monetary policy in the direction of increasing
liquidity in the economy, decreasing interest rates, increasing investment and
employment, increasing the income of economic entities and nally, in the
direction of increasing aggregate demand as an exit from the phase of
recession.
The Role of Female Entrepreneurs in Enhancing Economic Security in Lagos Nigeria: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kasumu Modupe , George Tayo , Kasumu Taiwo
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the opportunities and challenges faced by female
entrepreneurs in Lagos, Nigeria, and evaluated how targeted support
mechanisms could enhance their economic and social impact. Despite
signicant contributions to local economic growth and job creation, female
entrepreneurs encountered barriers such as limited access to nancial resources, socio-
cultural biases, inadequate infrastructure, and ineffective government support. Using a
mixed-methods approach, the research combined quantitative data from a survey of 200
female entrepreneurs selected through convenient sampling from Isolo, Gbagada and
Oshodi areas of Lagos State. Qualitative insights were garnered from in-depth
interviews with 10 participants purposively selected from the survey participants. The
survey revealed that 73.5% of respondents identied emerging sectors such as
technology, fashion, and agriculture as key areas of opportunity. Additionally, 80.5% of
participants emphasized the value of local networks and community support systems,
while scepticism toward government initiatives was prevalent, with 69.5% doubting
their effectiveness. The interview data further highlighted the role of mentorship and
social initiatives in fostering female-led business growth. The study contributes to the
literature by underlining the importance of mentorship, nancial access, and local
networks in empowering female entrepreneurs. It also highlights a disconnect between
policy intention and impact, calling for more effective, locally aligned government and
international support programmes. In conclusion, female entrepreneurs in Lagos are
vital contributors to economic security and social stability. However, the study
emphasizes the need for improved nancial access, mentorship, and government
reforms to enhance their business success and societal impact. Future research should
expand to other states and countries and explore the effects of broader economic
conditions on female entrepreneurship.
Extent of Utilization of ICT Resources and its Perceived Contributions to Business Education in Colleges of Education
Authors: Utebor Joy
Published: February 2025

This study examines the extent of utilization of ICT resources and its
perceived contributions to business education in Colleges of
Education. Four research questions guided the study. Related
literature and some empirical studies were reviewed. The study employed a
survey research design. The population consisted of 175 respondents
(lecturers and students). A modied 4–point Likert rating scale made up of 47
structure questionnaire items was used in generating data for the study, while
the instrument was face validated by some experts. Data collection was
analyzed using the statistical mean (x) and standard deviation. The nding
revealed that business education lecturers and students utilize ICT resources
at a small extent in business education programme and business education
lecturers and students agreed that ICT utilization contributes at a great extent
to growth of business education programme in Colleges of Education. It was
recommended among others that University management should make the
environment conducive by providing ICT resources for business education
programmes to boost students and lecturers utilization for quality teaching
and learning and University management should engage, encourage and
sponsor their business education lecturers and laboratory technologist for re-
training programmes to update their ICT knowledge, skills and competencies
to effectively utilize the resources for quality instructional delivery in their
programmes.
Impact of Power Sector Development on Foreign Direct Investment Growth in Nigeria: 1986-2023
Authors: Memberr Gabrielba , David Ogwuche , Sunday Ologunla
Published: February 2025

The Nigerian government has undertaken several reforms aimed at attracting
foreign direct investment to the power sector to boost the sector; these efforts
may seem to have yielded modest benets. However, the country faces
challenges in attracting foreign direct investment into the power sector, including
political instability, regulatory uncertainties, and security concerns. Thus, the paper
investigated the impact of power sector development on foreign direct investment
growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2023. The Fully Modied Ordinary Least Squares
Regression was employed as method of data analysis. Results revealed that power
sector capital expenditure is signicant and positively related to foreign direct
investment growth in Nigeria. While, power sector recurrent expenditure is signicant
but negatively correlated with foreign direct investment growth. Also, the estimated
impact of power sector generation on foreign direct investment growth is negative and
insignicant in the long run. Furthermore, the results indicated that power distribution
capacity inuences foreign direct investment growth negatively and insignicantly in
the long run. Therefore, the paper recommended that the Federal government should
prioritize increased capital investment in the power sector, specically in infrastructure
projects like power plants, transmission lines, renewable energy sources and Research
and Development; given the positive and signicant relationship between power sector
capital expenditures and foreign direct investment growth. Also, the Nigerian
Electricity Regulatory Commission should focus on improving the reliability and
consistency of power generation by upgrading existing plants, investing in diverse
energy sources (e.g., renewables like solar and wind), and ensuring that power plants
operate at full capacity. Further, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission
should address inefciencies in the distribution system, such as high technical and non-
technical losses (e.g., electricity theft and poor metering); due to the negative and
insignicant impact of power distribution on foreign direct investment growth.
Pandef and Peace Building in the Oil Rich Niger Delta
Authors: Kasikoro Zideke , Jackson Boubai
Published: February 2025

This paper X-rays the role of Pan Niger Delta Elders Forum (PANDEF)
in peace building in the oil rich Niger Delta (ND). It employed the
sustainable peace building theory, and relied essentially on secondary
data. Data gathered were analyzed using content analysis. The study
divulged a signicant role played by PANDEF in regard to peace building in
both pre and post amnesty era in the oil rich ND. It reveals that PANDEF has
played diverse roles including ensuring coexistence and harmony as well as
reducing use of arms, pipeline vandalism, kidnapping and other violent
activities in the oil rich ND. The paper therefore recommended amongst
others that PANDEF should be given all requisites; funding, Independence
and training to perform such vital duties as peace building, and maintenance
of law and order within their jurisdictions in the oil rich ND, and Nigeria at
large.
Impact of Government Sectoral Expenditure on Economic Growth in Nigeria: (1981-2023)
Authors: Joseph Luka , Michael Akpan , Jonathan Oniore
Published: February 2025

The heavy nature of public expenditure over the years is
expected to trigger productivity in all sectors and
induce economic growth in Nigeria. The idea of
government spending both in human and material resources
is to improve the nation's infrastructural facilities, improve
social welfare and empowerment packages of the masses,
create more jobs, as well as provide enabling environment to
enhance the growth of private investment. However, in spite
of various government policies to improve the economy, the
Nigeria economy is still growing at a very slow pace. It is as
result of all these the paper examines the impact of
government sectoral expenditure on Nigeria economic
growth from 1981-2023 paper main objective is to examine the
impact of government sectoral expenditure on Nigeria
economic growth from 1981-2023 The variables used were
real gross domestic product as the dependent variable while
expenditure on industrial sector output, agricultural sector
output, transport sector and housing and construction sectors
are the independent variables. The Ordinary Least Squares
(OLS) estimation technique was used in estimating the values
of the parameters. The regression result showed that
industrial sector, agricultural sector, housing and
construction expenditures all have positive relationship with
economic growth, while transportation sector expenditure
has no significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria, and
that there is a uni-directional causality relationship flowing
from RGDP to IND, AGR, HCE between industrial sector
output and economic growth in Nigeria. Based on the
findings of the study, the paper recommends among others
that one of the biggest obstacles for the development of the
industrial sector is the issue of electricity. Therefore,
improving Nigeria's electricity generating capacity will be an
important driver of industrial growth and development.
Therefore; the Ministry of power should improve
investments and other sources of electricity generation like
solar energy and wind energy.