bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epistemic Games as Career Preparatory Experiences for Students with Disabilities
Authors: Shaffer David Williamson
Published: June 2017

This paper looks at how computer- and video-based epistemic games can help provide career preparation experiences for young people. Epistemic games are a simulation of professional training in game form. As such, they help players try on or assume different professional identities and learn to think and act like professionals in that community. First, journalism is explored as a community of practice. Second, a study of a journalism-based epistemic game called science.net with middle school students is shared, demonstrating the learning potential of this approach. The value of a practicum for career preparation and transition planning is discussed, and readers are challenged to consider how epistemic games might benefit students with disabilities who are preparing to enter the work force.
The Effectiveness of Video Tutorials for Teaching Preservice Educators to Use Assistive Technologies
Authors: Van Laarhoven Toni , Munk Dennis D. , Zurita Leslie M. , Lynch Kathleen , Zurita Brian , Smith Thomas , Chandler Lynette
Published: June 2017

Students with disabilities are guaranteed access to assitive technologies (AT) by provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) (2004) and its predecessor, the Technology Related Assistance Act (Tech Act) (1988). Design and development of AT, including devices and software programs, has burgeoned to a point where availability and affordability are no longer barriers to access in schools. However, research has reported that lack of teacher expertise continues to be a significant barrier to effective access to AT and that models and strategies for improving teacher expertise are desperately needed. This study involved evaluation of preservice teachers' knowledge of, and comfort with, using AT and integrating a prototype computer-based DVD—Encyclopedia of Assisitive Technology ( EAT)— into instruction. The EAT includes innovative video based tutorials that guide viewers through the operation of AT devices and software programs. Results of pre- and post-measures indicated significant increases in comfort with AT following use of the EAT, and the results of the study, as well as teacher candidates' satisfaction with the video based tutorials, suggest it is a viable model for enhancing teacher expertise with AT.
Recent Technological Developments for the Visually Impaired: State of the Art
Authors: Ashcroft S.C. , Bourgeois M.S.
Published: June 2017

The development of electronic aids for the visually impaired is aimed at meeting the various needs of visually impaired individuals in business and educational settings. To this end, engineers are applying research findings in the areas of synthesized speech, computer science, and electronics to develop talking calculators, speech and tactile-output reading machines, and braille and “talking” computer terminals. The need for evaluation of equipment and instructional programs is discussed.
Educational Technology as Perceived by Special Educators
Authors: Lewis Rena B. , Rossett Allison
Published: June 2017

This preliminary work asked special educators to describe their perceptions of the roles and responsibilities of educational technologists. Also, special educators were queried about possible roles for the educational technologist in the education of special learners. Results suggest that special educators are either unfamiliar with the role of the educational technologist or they limit that role to equipment operation or materials management.
Teacher-Made Materials for Severely Handicapped Students That are Curriculum Domain Related, Functional, Local Community Referenced, Chronologically Age-Appropriate, Individualized, and Allow Participation in Activities
Authors: Freagon Sharon , Gillin Mary , McDannel Kim , Hasely Gail , Dolan Shannon , Williams Michelle , Woodyatt Don , Cisco Margaret , Brankin Gayle , Costello David , Peters William M.
Published: June 2017

Increasingly, severely handicapped students are receiving functional, chronologically age-appropriate training in a wide variety of natural community environments. When instructional personnel utilize this approach, they generally find that instructional materials they have utilized in the past are no longer appropriate. This paper discusses six characteristics of instructional materials and instructional materials adaptations that can be used as decision rules for instructional personnel developing and adapting materials based on a community-based training model. Five examples of instructional materials based on the above are illustrated and described.
Materials for Teaching Social Skills to Handicapped Children: An Analytic Review
Authors: Stowitschek Joseph J. , Powell T. Hennessy
Published: June 2017

An analytic review of instructional materials purporting to teach social skills is presented. Social targets, peer social interaction, peers as training agents, and the inclusion of elements of systematic instruction are the focal points of the review. Initial findings are that few of the materials clearly reflect results of recent empirical research regarding the social development of handicapped children.
Designing and Evaluating Computer Assisted Instructional Programs Using a Diagnostic-Prescriptive Model
Authors: Cipani Ennio , Kearly Patricia J.
Published: June 2017

The present paper presents a model for the design and evaluation of educational computer assisted instruction programs. Components of a diagnostic prescriptive instructional model are delineated, along with user considerations. A sample software program is evaluated according to the criteria in each of the three categories.
Acquisition of Fundamental Behavior Management Skills with Microcomputer-Simulated Pupils
Authors: Strang Harold R. , Kauffman James M. , Badt Katherine S. , Murphy Donna M. , Loper Ann Booker
Published: June 2017

Experienced teachers ( n = 12) and inexperienced education students ( n = 20) from regular and special education participated in microcomputer-simulated spelling lessons involving four pupils who were programmed to misbehave by making off-task comments. During baseline sessions, significant differences were found between the behavior management skills of experienced teachers and those of education students. Over the course of two training sessions (each approximately 20 min. in duration), the education students made significant gains in behavior management skills as indicated by two dependent measures (number of intervention attempts per talkout and mean time per intervention attempt). After training, the education students' management of off-task behavior approximated that of experienced teachers. Gains were maintained over a period of approximately one month. Results suggest that the simulation may be an effective and efficient means of training both regular and special education students in fundamental behavior management skills. Development of more complex computer routines, more difficult and realistic simulations of misbehavior, and tests of generalization of skills to actual classrooms are under way.
Electronic Travel Aids for Blind Persons
Authors: Hill Everett W. , Bradfield Anna L.
Published: June 2017

This article describes four of the most widely accepted and utilized Electronic Travel Aids—the Lindsay Russell Pathsounder, the Mowat Sensor, the Sonicguide™, and the C-5 Laser Cane. Current uses and applications of the four aids for specific populations of visually impaired persons are discussed. In addition, a research review provides insight into the issues affecting future use of the devices.
An Evaluation of the Effects of Training Special Educators to Integrate Microcomputer Technology into Math Curricula
Authors: Fazio Barbara Byrd , Polsgrove Lewis
Published: June 2017

This investigation is an evaluation of a teacher training project designed to aid teachers of the mildly mentally handicapped in developing and implementing plans for integrating computer use into their existing math curricula The training project was designed to facilitate teachers' implementation of recommended practices for effective use of computer-based instruction Both classroom observation and teacher opinion data indicated that teachers who underwent the training program were more effective at integrating microcomputer technology than were teachers who had volunteered to participate in the training project but were not admitted due to enrollment limitations.
Hypermedia CAI: A Supplement to an Elementary School Basal Reader Program
Authors: Higgins Kyle , Boone Randall
Published: June 2017

The results from the first year of a longitudinal study involving the development and testing of hypermedia computer assisted instructional (CAI) reading materials for grades K-3 are discussed. The hypermedia materials were designed to facilitate the successful participation of both handicapped and nonhandicapped students as well as students at risk for special education referral in a regular elementary classroom basal reading program. The hypermedia reading lessons provided students with a reading environment offering additional information about words and concepts from their basal reading textbook. This differs from traditional computer assisted reading software which often presents lessons on isolated skills not specifically related to basal textbook content or pedagogy.

The results from the first year of the three-year study indicate that hypermedia is a promising instructional tool for students who have been classified as poor readers by means of an achievement test. Results are inconclusive as to whether the hypermedia CAI lessons are best used before or after a teacher directed reading activity.
Scoring Accuracy within Curriculum-Based Measurement: A Comparison of Teachers and Microcomputer Applications
Authors: Ferguson Carl L. , Fuchs Lynn S.
Published: June 2017

The differences between teacher scoring and computer scoring within curriculum-based measurement (CBM) were investigated in the area of spelling. Subjects were 18 special education teachers from eight schools in a metropolitan area in the southeast. Data were collected from teacher and computer scored CBM spelling tests. Results indicated that although the accuracy of teacher scores was within an acceptable range, computer scoring accuracy was significantly higher and computer scoring produced greater scoring stability. Additionally, high correlations were produced between the computer or teacher spelling scores and a standardized test of spelling achievement—indicating robust criterion validity for CBM. Findings indicate that computers may enhance teacher planning by providing teachers more time for planning and more accurate assessment data.
Uses of Technology for Mathematics Assessment and Instruction: Reflection on a Decade of Innovations
Authors: Woodward John , Carnine Douglas
Published: June 2017

Innovations in special education technology throughout the 1980s have been most pronounced in the area of mathematics. Largely because of federal funding, development and research has been conducted with a wide variety of new technologies, particularly in the areas of assessment and effective instructional programs. A pervasive theme throughout these efforts has been the use of an information processing framework for understanding the problems special education students exhibit as they learn mathematics. Automaticity, conceptual development, and cognitive modeling have been key areas of research. The authors look forward to the next decade with the hope that these technologies will be used increasingly by practitioners.
Assistive Technology in Schools: Are Teachers Ready, Able, and Supported?
Authors: McGregor Gail , Pachuski Pete
Published: June 2017

This article summarizes the results of a survey of teachers in Pennsylvania who have educational responsibility for one or more students who use assistive technology in the classroom. The majority of these students had some type of physical disability and used an augmentative communication device. The teachers who responded to this survey were highly educated and experienced in the use of computers and assistive technology. Issues surrounding the complexity of the equipment were among the greatest barriers to the use of assistive technology reported by these teachers. When asked to rate both the importance and availability of specific technology supports, training and maintenance issues were rated most highly. Teachers consistently rated supports as being more important than they were readily available.
Book Review: The Case Against the Global Economy and for a Turn Towards Localisation and Localisation: A Global Manifesto
Authors: Smith Warren
Published: June 2017

The Case Against the Global Economy and for a Turn Towards Localisation Edited by Edward Goldsmith and Jerry Mander Earthscan Publications, 2001 Localisation: A Global Manifesto Colin Hines Earthscan Publications, 2001
Book Review: Agricultural Geography—A Social and Economic Analysis
Authors: Whittaker Julie
Published: June 2017

Agricultural Geography—A Social and Economic Analysis, Brian W. Ilbery
Book Revew: Richard Cantillon: Entrepreuner and Economist
Authors: Hardie Alex
Published: June 2017

Richard Cantillon: Entrepreuner and Economist: Antoin E. Murphy, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1986. (£25; 336 pages.
Book Review: A Competitive Future for Europe? Towards a New European Industrial Policy
Authors: Sheldon I.
Published: June 2017

A Competitive Future for Europe? Towards a New European Industrial Policy, ed. P.R. Beije, J. Gronewagen, I. Kostoulas, J. Paelink and C. van Paridon. Croom Helm (1987).
Book Review: Retirement in Industrialized Societies: Social, Psychological and Health Factors
Authors: Meyer F.V.
Published: June 2017

Retirement in Industrialized Societies: Social, Psychological and Health Factors. Edited by Kyriakos S. Markides and Cary L. Cooper. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1987. 326pp. and Index. £36.50. ISBN 0 471 91040 6
The Current State of Macroeconomics: Is It Time for a New Approach?
Authors: Cooper Ronald L.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to assess the current state of macroeconomics and determine whether the subject is a useful tool both in public and private planning decisions. First, I discuss briefly the history of and assess the keynesian and neoclassical macroeconomic models and their counterpart, econometrics, by examining the empirical record of forecasting and structural stability of the various models. Second, I examine the alternative methodology of the Austrian school, that uses logical deduction from assumed true axioms rather than the scientific method in deriving economic theory. My general conclusion is that mainstream Keynesian and neoclassical economic theory, combined with econometric analysis, has not provided very much, if any, useful information to either public or private planners. While the Austrian approach seems at the outset to be an attractive alternative to the mainstream economic schools of thought, it is faced with the difficulty of determining how its so-called “self evident” axioms are true. Some Austrians trace their methodology back to Aristotle, who said that self evident propositions are based on empiricism. The problem of establishing which axioms are self evident needs to be solved before Austrian economics is able to gain wide spread acceptance among the economics community.
Attenuation of Earmuffs against Low Frequency Noise
Authors: Starck Jukka , Pekkarinen Jussi , Aatola Seppo
Published: June 2017

The standard test for hearing protectors cannot be applied to determine the attenuation values for low frequency noise or for noise consisting of high intensity impulses. Moreover, the aging of earmuffs and the use of spectacles may cause leakage which decreases attenuation mainly at low frequencies. To study the real attenuation of earmuffs, noise measurements were taken outside and inside the earmuffs of workers at industrial work places, and of military conscripts when shooting with different firearms. The effect of spectacles on the attenuation was measured under laboratory conditions. In industrial workplaces the average attenuation was 4 dB in the 63 and 125 Hz octave bands. For shooting noise the attenuation was found to be good for small calibre weapons but poor for large calibre weapons, which generate very high peak level impulses at low frequencies. Spectacles decreased earmuff attenuation by 9–11 dB.
Wind Loading on a Pyramidal Roof Structure
Authors: Dutt A. J.
Published: June 2017

This paper deals with the investigation of wind loading on the pyramidal roof structure of the Church of St Michael in Newton, Wirral, Cheshire, England, by wind tunnel tests on a 1/48 scale model. The roof of the model was flat in the peripheral region of the building while in the inner region there was a grouping of four pyramidal roofs. Wind tunnel experiments were carried out; wind pressure distribution and contours of wind pressure on all surfaces of the pyramid roofs were determined for four principal wind directions. The average suctions on the roof were evaluated. The highest point suction encountered was — 4q whilst the maximum average suction on the roof was —0·86q. The results obtained from wind tunnel tests were used for the design of pyramidal roof structures and roof coverings for which localised high suctions were very significant.
Statics of Edge Cables in Tent Structures
Authors: De Tommasi D. , Marzano S.
Published: June 2017

The edge cable configurations for tent structures in the prestressed state are analyzed. We show that these configurations identify with the characteristic lines associated with differential equation of the membrane equilibrium written in terms of the stress function. Moreover, existence and uniqueness for the equilibrium problem of membrane are proved in a special case.
Initial Bar Tensions in Pin-Jointed Assemblies
Authors: Affan A. , Calladine C.R.
Published: June 2017

This paper is concerned with initial bar tensions in pin-jointed statically indeterminate assemblies, for example the grid shown in Fig. 1. Initial tensions are present in such assemblies on account of the lack-of-fit of the constituent bars and joints due to unavoidable inaccuracies in manufacture: and they may contribute to premature collapse of an assembly under increasing load, by predisposing particular bars to early failure by buckling. An algorithm for computing initial stresses due to given lack-of-fit is used to make statistical estimates of the magnitudes of initial bar tensions in a grid assembled from bars whose lengths are specified in the form of a mean and standard deviation. A scheme for computing the attenuation of these initial bar tensions by allowing for a limited amount of “backlash” at the bar-joint connections is also investigated. The theoretical and computational work is supported by a series of detailed experiments on a double-layer space grid of the type shown in Fig. 1, and built from standard MERO spherical bolted junctions: these experiments involve the measurement of initial bar tensions both with and without some deliberate loosening of bolts to produce limited “backlash” at the joints.
Buckling of Double Layer Grid Edge Members
Authors: Murtha-Smith Erling , Nguyen Thuyen P.
Published: June 2017

Stability equations are developed for edge joints for Double Layer Grids. Translations are neglected and rotations at each joint are related. Hence, the stiffness matrix reduces to a diagonal matrix of unit bandwidth so each joint becomes an independent substructure. Instability of an edge joint occurs when the minimum principal stiffness coefficient of the joint goes to zero. Using stability functions and the regular geometric relationships of DLG topology, the buckling forces in the members and hence the external load on the system are determined. A simple example in which the members were all of the same length, material and moment of inertia, gives effective length factors for the edge members of between 0.77 to 0.81.
Vibration Tests on a Full-Size Suspen-Dome Structure
Authors: Tatemichi Ikuo , Hatato Tatsuo , Anma Yoshimichi , Fujiwara Satoshi
Published: June 2017

A “suspen-dome” structural system consisting of a thin-walled dome and a tensegric system is described, and an overview and results of vibration tests on a full-sized structure are given. The tests revealed the vibration characteristics of the suspen-dome. Close agreement between analytical results based on design information and the test results confirms that the design method used is appropriate. Effectiveness of the suspen-dome against earthquake motions, particularly vertical motions, was confirmed through elastic earthquake response analysis.
Rape Reporting to the Police: Exploring the Social Psychological Impact of a Persuasive Campaign on Cognitions, Attitudes, Normative Expectations and Reporting Intentions
Authors: Winkel Frans Willem , Vrij Aldert
Published: June 2017

Sexual victimizations are generally under-reported to the police. Persuasive communication campaigns are suggested as a feasible instrument to stimulate victim-reporting. Determinants of reporting decisions are reviewed. This review results in a working model to design and evaluate such persuasion campaigns. In the experiment the social psychological impact of a specially designed persuasive programme is explored. Results suggest that this programme is successful in changing the perceived likelihood of positive outcomes associated with reporting, and in strengthening the perceived normative expectations to report, held by others in the potential victim's environment. Some suggestions for countering possible side-effects are discussed.
Integrating Marketing Information Systems into Conventional Marketing Research Courses: A Four-Module Approach
Authors: Marshall Kimball P.
Published: June 2017

Marketing information systems (MKIS) that use computer-based data and decision tools are changing how marketers work. Educators face challenges in incorporating MKIS into course work. This article presents four modules for addressing the topic of MKIS in research courses: (1) marketing issues, (2) data sources, (3) decision tools, and (4) systems development. Objectives, readings, discussion topics, and activities are presented.
Disophrol® Syrup versus Rinomar® Syrup in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in Children
Authors: Horak Friedrich
Published: June 2017

In this single-blind study, the efficacy and safety of Disophrol® Syrup was compared to Rinomar® Syrup in seventy-eight paediatric patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Patients took 5–10 ml of the randomly assigned medication three to four times daily for a 2-week period. Severity of nasal obstruction, nasal secretion and mucosal swelling was graded and patient response to each week of therapy evaluated. An overall favourable response to Disophrol® Syrup was observed in thirty-one out of thirty-five (89%) patients and in thirty out of thirty-five (86%) patients in the Rinomar® group. No statistically significant difference in patient response to therapy between treatment groups was noted and no mentionable adverse reactions were reported.
Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate on Tympanic Membrane Perforations
Authors: Lacarte M P Rivas , Casasin T , Alonso A
Published: June 2017

The effects of topically applied 1% sodium hyaluronate as an alternative treatment to surgery for tympanic membrane perforations was studied. In an open study, the inclusion criteria were increased by accepting patients previously treated by surgery or with placebo and, compared with a previous study, the frequency at which sodium hyaluronate was applied was reduced. Reduction in the size of the perforation was detected in 12/16 (75.0%) patients, six (37.5%) of whom showed complete tympanic healing, and in the remaining four (25.0%) there was no healing. The average percentage reduction in the perforation area was 80.5%. The two factors altered in this trial, i.e. inclusion criteria and frequency of administration of treatment, had little influence on the degree of membrane healing.
Effect of Some Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Human Neutrophil Chemotaxis
Authors: Hasçelik G , ŞLener B , Hasçelik Z
Published: June 2017

The effects of piroxicam, tenoxicam, diclofenac sodium, acetylsalicylic acid and tiaprofenic acid on the chemotaxis and random migration of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were investigated, using zymosan-activated serum as chemo-attractant, with a modified Boyden chamber technique. All five compounds significantly reduced chemotaxis. The random migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was inhibited by piroxicam, diclofenac sodium and tiaprofenic acid but not by tenoxicam or acetylsalicylic acid. The inhibitory effect of these non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis and on random migration was generally dose-dependent. The results suggest that the drugs studied may have a direct effect on polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis and that this activity may contribute to their anti-inflammatory properties.
Serum Interleukin 2 and Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor in Chronic Active Hepatitis C: Effect of Interferon Therapy
Authors: Simsek H , Kadayifci A
Published: June 2017

T lymphocytes produce interleukin 2 (IL-2) associated with the expression of a soluble receptor for IL-2 (sIL-2R) on the surface of the cells, and these cytokines may contribute to hepatic injury in chronic active hepatitis C (CAH-C). Serum IL-2 and sIL-2R levels were analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 22 patients (eight female, 14 male, mean age 42.6 years) with CAH-C. Eight patients had been given interferon α-2a (IFN α-2a), 3 million international units, three times weekly, for a mean of 12 weeks while the others were not on treatment. Serum IL-2 levels were 60.8 ± 9.5 pg/ml, 66.6 ± 5.7 pg/ml and 59.1 ± 4.0 pg/ml in the treated patients, untreated patients and controls, respectively. Serum sIL-2R levels were 1631 ± 194 pg/ml, 4016 ± 1076 pg/ml and 1169 ± 115 pg/ml in treated patients, untreated patients and controls, respectively. There were no significant differences in serum IL-2 levels between the groups ( P > 0.05) while a significant difference was found in serum sIL-2R levels between untreated patients and controls (P = 0.0032). Serum sIL-2R levels were lower in patients treated with IFN α-2a than in untreated patients but this difference was not statistically significant. This preliminary study indicates that there are no significant changes in serum IL-2 levels in CAH-C patients, but that sIL-2R concentrations are raised in untreated patients though not in treated patients. High serum sIL-2R concentrations may have a role in the pathogenesis of CAH-C.
Safety and Efficacy of Picotamide, a Dual Anti-Thromboxane Agent, in Patients with Thrombocytosis and a Previous Thromboembolic Event: A 1-Year Observational Study
Authors: Pogliani E , Milani M
Published: June 2017

Patients with chronic myeloproliferative disease are at increased risk of both thromboembolic and haemorrhagic complications. Cerebral thrombosis is a common cause of death in myeloproliferative disease patients. Picotamide is a new anti-platelet drug sharing a dual anti-thromboxane activity: inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthase and thromboxane A2 receptor antagonism. Picotamide inhibits in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by different agonists. Interestingly, in vitro studies show that picotamide is able to increase prostacycline biosynthesis. In the clinical setting, picotamide treatment induces only a slight prolongation of bleeding time. The safety and efficacy of picotamide long-term treatment in 15 patients with essential thrombocytosis and a positive history of previous thromboembolic events was evaluated. After 12-month treatment with picotamide no patients suffered from thrombotic events and only one minor and transient bleeding episode was observed. This observational long-term trial shows that picotamide treatment in patients with thrombocytosis at high risk of thrombotic events is safe and well tolerated. Picotamide did not increase the risk of bleeding in these patients, while at the same time, no thrombotic events were observed during the 1-year treatment.
Gastric Ulceration in Foals
Authors: Rooney James R.
Published: June 2017

Eight cases, 5 in the esophageal region and 3 in the pyloric gland region, of gastric ulceration and perforation in foals have been recorded. The esophageal region ulcers are considered to be mechanical-traumatic in origin, while the pyloric region ulcers may be related to chronic “stress” and/or drug therapy.
Erythremic Myelosis in a Cat A Case Resembling Di Guglielmo's Syndrome in Man
Authors: Zawidzka Z. Z. , Janzen E. , Grice H. C.
Published: June 2017

A five year old cat was presented with signs of an acute afebrile debilatiting disease of one week's duration. There was loss of appetite, listlessness and general malaise. Treatment was ineffectual, the cat became moribund and was humanely killed 12 days after the first admission. The clinical course, laboratory findings including examination of the cells of the blood, bone marrow and spleen suggested an erythropoietic malignancy similar to Di Guglielmo's syndrome in man.
Microscopic Lesions in the Hearts of Aged Horses and Mules
Authors: Marcus Leonard C. , Ross James N.
Published: June 2017

The hearts of 23 aged equids (18 horses and 5 mules) were examined histologically. Major findings included arteriolosclerosis and intimal bodies in small muscular arteries, myocarditis, myocardial fibrosis, fatty metamorphosis of myocardial and Purkinje fibers, myocytolysis, and basophilic (mucinous) degeneration of myocardium. Lesions less frequently seen included chronic fibrotic valvulitis, acute myocardial necrosis, sarcosporidiosis, and hemosiderosis. Single cases of malignant melanoma, cartilaginous metaplasia of the I-V septum, mineralization of connective tissue in the I-V septum, and an aneurysm of the left ventricular apex were also found. In some instances, correlations could be made between pathologic and clinical findings. Purkinje fibers were found in both atria.
The Effect of Lay-Up, Core Material, and Cross-Sectional Geometry on the Structural Performance of Pultruded Fiberglass Utility Poles
Authors: O'Toole B. J. , Tong Q.
Published: June 2017

The structural performance of several pultruded fiberglass utility poles is investigated and compared with wood pole standards. The fiberglass poles are thin-walled tubes with an approximate hexagonal configuration. The outside of the poles have longitudinal grooves which create a dovetail configuration. The dovetails provide a convenient mechanism for attaching crossarms and other hardware to the tubular structure and contribute additional stiffness and strength at these attachment points. Manually operated clamping devices which can run up and down the grooves provide a safe environment for utility linemen. Structural evaluation includes a comparison of axial stiffness, flexural stiffness, maximum load, maximum bending moment, and load-deflection curves for several different pole cross-sectional geometries. Material elastic properties and fiber orientations are varied to determine the effect on structural performance. Several different fiber preforms, including unidirectional rovings and multidirectional fabrics, are evaluated. Results of the analyses are compared with the manufacturer's (Composite Power Corporation) preference in terms of manufacturabilit,. The effect of fiberglass sleeve inserts and solid foam cores is also investigated. Some of the analyses are compared with full scale test data and both the experimental and theoretical results are compared with utility standards for pole design. Failure mechanisms for different loading conditions and future analysis is discussed. Preliminary results show that the composite poles can achieve the standards required for the highest quality wood poles.
Process-Induced Stress Relaxation Analysis of AS4/3501-6 Laminate
Authors: Kim Yeong K. , White Scott R.
Published: June 2017

In this study the cure-dependent stress relaxation of 3501-6 epoxy resin was analyzed. To formulate the constitutive equations, several stress relaxation tests were performed at different degree of cure states. The master curve and shift function for each degree of cure case were obtained by time-temperature superposition. On the basis of this data, the thermorheologically complex behavior of 3501-6 epoxy resin was modeled. The resin model was then used to formulate the constitutive equations for AS4/3501-6 composite. A finite element method was then used to calculate the interlaminar stress relaxation at the free edge of AS4/3501-6 cross-ply laminates during cool down from the cure temperature. The relaxation behavior of 3501-6 epoxy was shown to be dependent on the degree of cure and significant reduction in residual stress was found to occur at a modest (2.5°C/min) cool down rate.
Structure-Property Interrelation of Polypropylene-Liquid Crystalline Polymer Blends
Authors: Kontou E. , Farasoglou P. , Torres M. Lopez
Published: June 2017

The thermomechanical behaviour and the structure-property interrelation for blends based on a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) with a thermoplastic semicrystalline polymer as polypropylene (PP) was investigated. The polymeric materials were melt blended in a twin-screw extruder under the appropriate conditions in order to obtain blends with LCP in fibrous form. A series with four different LCP contents has been prepared, while another series with 5% LCP per weight, at high values of draw ratio and at the same temperature profile has also been investigated. All blends exhibit improved mechanical properties, while with DSC and DMA experiments further information about the morphology and distribution of the dispersed phase has been obtained. Finally, a simple percolation model, developed elsewhere, has been used to interpret the reinforcing effect of LCP and the interrelation between the two polymeric phases.
Numerical Simulation for the Transverse Impregnation in Resin Transfer Molding
Authors: Chang Chih-Yuan , Hourng Lih-Wu
Published: June 2017

A model has been developed for the transverse impregnation of the resin into a continuous unidirectional packed fiber bundles. The model takes into account two types of flow, namely the macro-flow around the fiber bundles and the micro-flow around the fibers in the bundles, occurring simultaneously. Both flows are described by Darcy's law. Results show that an elliptic type void is formed within the fiber bundle under certain circumstances. The void will soon shrink to nothing soon if vacuum assistance is applied in the mold, while it is mobilized and compressed if vacuum assistance is not applied in the mold. By the similarity analysis, we also show that the initial size of the trapping air depends merely on the ratio of permeability between the micro-flow and macro-flow, but not on the injection pressure and the resin viscosity. The numerical simulation is based on the body-fitted finite element method.
Assessment of Plasma Drug Level with Erosion Controlled Release Dosage Forms: Effect of the Shape and Dimensions, and Residence Time in the Gastrointestine
Authors: Ainaoui A. , Ouriemchi E. M. , Vergnaud J. M.
Published: June 2017

Controlled release dosage forms by erosion are able to offer advantages over the immediate release dosage forms. Not only the kinetics of drug release is prolonged, but also the plasma drug level is more constant. Special attention is given on various factors of concern which play an important role in the drug delivery. Various shapes such as parallelepiped, cube, cylinder and sphere for dosage forms of same volume are considered, with their kinetics of drug release and plasma drug level. Various dimensions of these dosage forms with different times of full drug release ranging from 13 to 102 hours are also examined. Finally, the effect of the residence time of these dosage forms in the gastrointestine of the kinetics of release and the plasma drug level is evaluated for all these dosage forms of various shapes and dimensions. Some emphasis is placed upon the interest of having dosage forms able to adhere to the gastrointestine wall and thus, stay over a period of time much longer than the usual gastrointestine tract time.
Estimating Methods of Bond Strength between Fiber and Epoxy Matrix in CFRP
Authors: Yamashita Y. , Nakao K.
Published: June 2017

For the purpose of estimating the bond strength between fiber and matrix resin in CFRP, the T-Peel test method has been developed by us. This test is extremely easy compared with DCB and WTDCB tests. It is clarified that there is a correlation between the peel strength and fracture energy and the T-Peel test can be used as a screen test for the fracture toughness and bond property of the CFRP.
Isolated Cervicoplasty
Authors: Evans T. William , Stepanyan Martin
Published: June 2017

Isolated cervicoplasty is a surgical procedure that improves and/or rejuvenates the central submental/neck area maximally and the jowl and lateral submandibular area mildly to moderately. Maximum improvement and/or rejuvenation of the jowl and lateral submandibular area of the neck involves superior-posterior repositioning of redundant facial tissue and requires a facelift concomitant with cervicoplasty. Isolated cervicoplasty is performed through a submental incision without pre- or postauricular incisions. In select patients, isolated cervicoplasty will give a very satisfactory result. A precise knowledge of the normal neck anatomy and the anatomy of the deformity of the neck is mandatory to determine the correct surgical procedure and to achieve the most acceptable result. Clinical evaluation and treatment planning for isolated cervicoplasty is discussed. Based on a thorough knowledge of neck anatomy, the surgical technique for isolated cervicoplasty is described. This usually involves conservative liposuction, accurate excision of lax neck fascia-platysma muscle complex and tension-free suture approximation of the central neck fascia-platysma complex from symphysis menti to the level of the thyroid or cricoid cartilage. The use of fibrin sealant has been found to be very helpful. When indicated, this surgical technique is a safe, uncomplicated method to produce a long-lasting, attractive neck.
The Bio-Actif α/Y in the Treatment of Cellulite
Authors: Hernandez-Perez Enrique , Aristimuño Maritza , Lemm Maricarmen , Cortes Jose A. Seijo
Published: June 2017

Introduction:

Bio-actif α/Y is part of a product developed for the treatment of cellulite. Its mechanism of action is to block receptors α2 and peptides Y.

Materials and Methods:

Nine women with cellulite at the gluteal-trochanteric area completed a 2-month study. The cream containing the drug was applied every night. Efficacy was assessed through photographs; measurements of thigh circumference; subjective evaluation by physician, nurse, and the patient herself; and ultrasonographic evaluation.

Results:

At the end of the 2-month study, there was clinical improvement in the cellulite appearance and a reduction in both thigh circumference and thickness of adipose tissue as measured by ultrasonography.

Conclusion:

Bio-actif α/Y seems to be useful in the treatment of cellulite.
The Use of Biomaterials in the Repair of Abdominal Wall Defects: A Comparative Study between Polypropylene Meshes (Marlex) and a New Polytetrafluoroethylene Prosthesis (Dual Mesh)
Authors: Bellón J. M. , Contreras L. A. , Buján J. , Martin A. Carrera-San
Published: June 2017

In this study we compared the behaviour of the non-porous on one side ePTFE Dual Mesh® prosthesis and the macroporous polypropylene mesh Marlex® in the repair of abdominal wall defects in rabbits. We evaluated the degree of integration with recipient tissue, biological tolerance, adhesion formation with viscera and the biomechanical resistance of the repair zone. Our results showed good biological tolerance of both prostheses and a high degree of adhesion formation in Marlex implants. In animals with Dual Mesh(r) implants, only loose adhesions were seen. Marlex implants induced the presence of disorganized scar tissue, while the Dual Mesh prostheses were encapsulated by organized tissue. The macrophage response was similar in both decreasing with time. The resistance to traction was higher when the reparation was done with polypropylene. We concluded that the structure of the prosthesis determines its degree of integration and the resistance to traction of the repaired zone.
Values and Culture in Two American Police Departments: Lessons from King Arthur
Authors: Greene Jack R. , Alpert Geoffrey P. , Styles Paul
Published: June 2017

The changing nature of public and private management calls into question the role of managers in transmitting values to assist in guiding the actions of organizational members. Recently, in policing there has been a major value reorientation from traditional approaches to crime control and suppression, to community policing a philosophy that emphasizes greater police and citizen contact. This paper reports the findings from two qualitative analyses of value clarification and transmission, one in a large, metropolitan police department, and the other in a smaller police agency. Whereas past research has suggested that organization size greatly affects the value formation and communication process within such agencies, this paper identifies the similarities between these two agencies as the seek to re-shape values and to influence police officer and police organization behavior.
Violent Behavior in College Student Dating Relationships: Implications for Campus Service Providers
Authors: Sellers Christine S. , Bromley Max L.
Published: June 2017

Dating violence among students is one of the more common types of campus violence facing university administrators and service providers. This study provides a descriptive analysis of the nature and extent of self-reported use of aggression as well as victimization in dating relationships among random samples of 995 currently dating and 1391 never married students at a large urban university. Results indicate that dating violence is limited to relatively minor acts of aggression and is more likely in relationships of greater degrees of intimacy and commitment Both males and females report using physical aggression against daring partners and both also report victimization by their partners. Most such incidences occur off campus and few report their victimization to campus agencies designed to handle domestic violence. Implications for campus service providers are discussed.
Familiarity with Sexual Assault and Its Relationship to the Effectiveness of Acquaintance Rape Prevention Programs
Authors: Forst Linda S. , Lightfoot J. Timothy , Burrichter Arthur
Published: June 2017

This study examined the effectiveness of two rape prevention programs on rape-supportive beliefs among college students. The effectiveness was examined in terms of whether or not the students knew someone who had been sexually assaulted, knew someone who had committed a sexual assault, or were themselves a victim of sexual assault.

The participants were divided into three groups. One group participated in a didactic rape prevention program involving primarily lecture and video instruction. The second group participated in an experiential rape prevention program utilizing improvisational theater. The third group was the control group.

The 55 participants completed two attitude scales developed by Burt (1980): Adversarial Sexual Beliefs (ASB) and Rape Myth Acceptance (RMA). They then participated in their workshop and took the attitude scales again as a post-treatment test Two weeks later, the participants took a follow-up post-treatment test using the same attitude scales.

Participants who had been victims of sexual assault scored significantly lower than non-victims in the ASB and RMA across all groups. It was also found that participants who had any previous experience with sexual assault, such as familiarity with a victim or an offender, scored significantly lower in rape-supportive beliefs after participating in the didactic program than participants who had no previous experience with sexual assault.
A Course in Psychotropic Drug Therapy for First-Year Psychiatry Residents
Authors: Cardoni Alex A. , Cancro Robert
Published: June 2017

A course in psychotropic drug therapy for first-year psychiatry residents at the University of Connecticut Health Center is described. The course is taught by a pharmacist with training and experience in the psychiatric patient care setting. During the 8-week, 16-hour course, emphasis is placed on the practical aspects of selection and use of psychotropic drugs, including antipsychotic agents, antidepressants, and anti-anxiety agents. A major objective of the course is to familiarize the residents with current psychotropic drug literature. Within the context of this course offering, the role of the pharmacist as an educator of the physician is discussed.
Technical and Theoretical Aspects of: Patient Counseling
Authors: Morris Raymond W. , Burkhart Vincent dePaul , Lamy Peter P.
Published: June 2017

A common agreement in many of the future roles proposed for pharmacists in the ambulatory patient care area involves an educational responsibility to patients. To provide patient education, pharmacists may rely on mechanical audiovisual aids. The optimal effectiveness of patient education programs of this type can be achieved only by careful preparation of the audiovisual aids. In producing such instructional aids consideration should be directed at both the technical and theoretical aspects of persuasive audiovisual techniques.

The goal of any patient education effort is to instill a desire in patients to comply with their therapy and in so doing maintain or improve their health status. It is important to understand the theories of attitude change needed to provide effective patient education.

It is equally important that the audiovisual material utilized be prepared using recognized principles for instructional presentations. Technical considerations in the preparation of audiovisual aids will insure that the program has an impact on the viewing audience.

The pharmacist may be especially suited to counsel patients on the correct use of medication. Innovative methods may be needed to provide effective patient education services. The audiovisual method is one technique which may be used to provide patient education. Practical applications of theoretical and technical principles for audiovisual instruction should be used to prepare effective educational materials.

The goal proposed by advocates of patient education is to help patients acquire new knowledge, attitudes, and behavior that will improve their capability to care for themselves more adequately. Those who participate in planned educational programs have exhibited greater compliance and cooperation. This, in turn, can result in fewer hospital admissions.23

Schoenrich24 explains that patient education requires consideration of the psychological, sociological, and cultural aspects of the population if changes in patient attitudes and behavior are to be made. It is important to be sensitive to the patient and his condition and consider the “whole” patient.
Incidence of Bleeding Complications in Patients on Intermittent IV Heparin Therapy
Authors: Ignoffo Robert J.
Published: June 2017

The incidence of bleeding from heparin therapy in patients with diagnosed pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis was evaluated in a university hospital. Major or minor bleeding episodes occurred in 32 percent of patients and of these 50 percent were major episodes requiring cessation of therapy and blood transfusion. Activated clotting times were not excessively prolonged during bleeding episodes nor was there any apparent association with the age or sex of the patient. It is felt that bleeding secondary to intermittent intravenous heparin therapy may be the result of the high degree of clotting inhibition from 15 minutes to 2 hours after injection. It is suggested that continuous intravenous infusion of heparin is as effective as intermittent heparin injections and yet appears to produce a lower incidence of both major and minor bleeding episodes.