bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La composition du cartulaire de l’abbaye de Flône (diocèse de Liège) au début du xv e siècle et ses liens avec les archives
Authors: Verpeaux Nathalie
Published: October 2016

Le Liber cartharum de l’abbaye de chanoines réguliers de Flône (Belgique, province de Liège) a été rédigé au tout début du xv e siècle, puis à la fin du xv e siècle. À la suite du travail de M. Évrard qui, en 1892-1893, a édité les plus anciennes chartes de l’abbaye, le cartulaire médiéval est daté par les historiens de 1386-1408 et ceux qui l’évoquent affirment qu’il a été réalisé à la suite d’une visite canonique de l’évêque Arnold de Hornes (1386). Toutefois, une étude minutieuse de la première strate du manuscrit permet de voir qu’il n’a été en fait élaboré qu’entre 1408 et 1413. Le contexte de réalisation est alors différent de celui qui est généralement évoqué: le cartulaire a été compilé à la suite du schisme épiscopal de 1406-1408 dans le diocèse de Liège et de ses conséquences pour l’abbaye. Contrairement à de nombreux cartulaires des xv e et xvi e siècles, le Liber cartharum est relativement peu tourné vers la gestion économique quotidienne des biens de l’abbaye, ce qui peut être mis en relation avec l’existence d’autres livres. Enfin il est intéressant de constater qu’à la fin du xvi e siècle ce cartulaire a été placé dans un écrin protecteur quand il a été relié au milieu de cahiers modernes, puis qu’il a encore été utilisé comme base de travail pour la réalisation d’un nouveau cartulaire à la fin du xvii e siècle.
La Loge des Bourgeois de Bruges. Les stratégies de distinction d’une élite commerçante cosmopolite
Authors: Buylaert Frederik , De Rock Jelle , Dumolyn Jan
Published: October 2016

À Bruges, métropole commerciale de la mer du Nord au bas Moyen Âge, se trouvait un bâtiment très particulier: la Poortersloge ou Loge des Bourgeois , une construction gothique en pierre naturelle qui existe encore sous une forme très restaurée. La construction de cet édifice fut initiée vers l’an 1400 avec pour fonction première de servir d’espace aux activités socio-culturelles de l’élite commerçante urbaine. Le bâtiment était aussi un endroit où des transactions sociales entre les élites commerciales et les nobles avaient lieu. Unique dans les paysages urbains des Pays-Bas médiévaux, il convient de comparer la Loge des Bourgeois avec les Lonjas ibériques, les loggie italiennes de détente et de commerce, les maisons des nations marchandes dans les villes hanséatiques ainsi que les guildhalls anglais.
Jean-Baptiste Bernard Dumollin, subdélégué général de l’intendance d’Amiens au siècle des Lumières
Authors: Condette-Marcant Anne-Sophie
Published: October 2016

L’administration des provinces par les intendants est bien connue au xviii e siècle, de nombreuses études leur sont consacrées. On connaît moins en revanche le fonctionnement de leurs bureaux et le personnel employé tels que les secrétaires et leurs principaux assistants et collaborateurs, les subdélégués généraux. Cet article se propose de mettre à l’honneur l’un d’entre eux: Jean-Baptiste Bernard Dumollin. Il met en lumière ses origines sociales et sa carrière au service de l’administration. Avocat, puis procureur du roi, Dumollin devient d’abord subdélégué général de l’intendant de Picardie, Jacques-Bernard Chauvelin. À ses côtés, il administre la généralité d’Amiens. Ses compétences et son dévouement lui valent ensuite de recevoir une commission de subdélégué général du roi. Ainsi nommé, il lui revient la responsabilité directe de gérer les affaires de la province.
Un second Courrières : la catastrophe minière du 19 avril 1948
Authors: Roger Philippe
Published: October 2016

Le 19 avril 1948, une violente explosion secoue le puits n˚ 11 de la fosse 4 de Sallaumines, qui avait été déjà l’une des plus gravement touchées par la catastrophe de 1906. Il y a quinze victimes. Ce drame se produit alors que la situation des Houillères est très particulière, ce qui se traduit par une nette dégradation de la sécurité. Les différents rapports consacrés à l’accident témoignent des difficultés à déterminer ses causes immédiates et soulignent l’état très médiocre des installations après une longue période difficile marquée par dix ans de crise, l’Occupation, puis la bataille du charbon. Pour assurer le redressement de la production, qui constitue un impératif vital pour le pays, il a fallu demander un effort considérable à la main d’œuvre. À mi-chemin entre les grèves de 1947 et celles de la fin de l’année 1948, et alors que débute la guerre froide, la situation est par ailleurs caractérisée par de vives tensions politiques et sociales.
Un dimanche ordinaire à Douai? La manifestation algérienne du 9 octobre 1955
Authors: Genty Jean-René
Published: October 2016

L’action dans l’immigration des nationalistes algériens et les politiques répressives mises en œuvre à leur encontre ont fait récemment l’objet d’études qui renouvellent largement le sujet. La contribution consacrée à la manifestation organisée à Douai par le Mouvement National Algérien vise – à partir de documents d’archives et de témoignages oraux – à présenter sous différents angles un événement particulièrement brutal, voire sanglant, illustrant les conséquences de la lutte pour l’indépendance algérienne dans le bassin minier. Elle a pour ambition d’évoquer la présence et l’action des nationalistes ainsi que la riposte des forces de l’ordre et de préciser autant qu’il est possible – en l’état actuel des sources – les éléments éclairant cette crise aigüe, qui constitue un moment clé de cette histoire régionale.
La lutte des Lejaby mise en scènes
Authors: Ibos Caroline , Schmidt Géraldine , Mourey Damien , Bobadilla Natalia
Published: October 2016

Résumé En 2012, une auteure de théâtre et une metteure en scène s'emparent de la fermeture de l'usine de lingerie Lejaby en Haute-Loire pour monter un spectacle théâtral. Le texte s'appuie sur un travail de recueil de paroles mené auprès des ouvrières et la scénographie traduit une longue observation de terrain. La pièce montre comment la lutte contre une délocalisation industrielle est un moment où les femmes saisissent la place que le travail a pu prendre dans la construction de leurs identités individuelles comme collectives. Le travail, loin de se réduire à un ensemble de gestes, de fonctions ou de contraintes circonscrites, est un flux qui imprègne toute la vie, de l'intime au politique.
The Wire , une représentation attentive du travail
Authors: Le Lay Stéphane
Published: October 2016

Résumé À partir de la première saison de The Wire , cet article s'intéresse à la manière dont la coopération horizontale dans le travail policier est traitée dans un univers où la violence est omniprésente. Grâce à un visionnage exhaustif permettant d'accéder aux points de vue des différents protagonistes, le travail fictionnel des auteurs donne à voir ce que signifie pour eux travailler dans la police de Baltimore dans les années 2000. Mais les épisodes de la série permettent de préciser la distinction classique entre coopération et coordination, et montrent bien l'importance de la confiance dans le travail quotidien. Finalement, sans mobiliser explicitement un corpus théorique en la matière, les auteurs de The Wire parviennent à « traduire », sous forme d'images et de dialogues, et grâce aux performances des acteurs, ce que peut constituer le travail comme forme d'engagement subjectif à partir du corps.
Violence des échanges en milieu tempéré
Authors: Moulène Frédéric
Published: October 2016

Résumé À l'occasion de la campagne de promotion de son film Violence des échanges en milieu tempéré, sorti en 2003, Jean-Marc Moutout est venu à la rencontre de son public et a tiré de cette expérience le documentaire Par ici la sortie. Si l'œuvre de fiction s'intéresse aux effets du discours managérial sur la vie même de ceux qui le parlent, le documentaire livre les « réactions à chaud » des spectateurs face au parcours d'un jeune consultant amené à préparer un plan social. Alors que globalement, les locuteurs se révèlent indignés par l'issue à leurs yeux très « réaliste » du film, ils peinent à sortir d'une représentation où l'action collective est impuissante face aux mécanismes de marché.
Neutrophil Necroptosis Is Triggered by Ligation of Adhesion Molecules following GM-CSF Priming
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , He Zhaoyue , Liu He , Yousefi Shida , Simon Hans-Uwe
Published: October 2016

Apoptosis is the most common form of neutrophil death under both physiological and inflammatory conditions. However, forms of nonapoptotic neutrophil death have also been observed. In the current study, we report that human neutrophils undergo necroptosis after exposure to GM-CSF followed by the ligation of adhesion receptors such as CD44, CD11b, CD18, or CD15. Using a pharmacological approach, we demonstrate the presence of a receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3)—a mixed lineage kinase–like (MLKL) signaling pathway in neutrophils which, following these treatments, first activates p38 MAPK and PI3K, that finally leads to the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). All these steps are required for necroptosis to occur. Moreover, we show that MLKL undergoes phosphorylation in neutrophils in vivo under inflammatory conditions. This newly identified necrosis pathway in neutrophils would imply that targeting adhesion molecules could be beneficial for preventing exacerbation of disease in the neutrophilic inflammatory response.
Human B-1 and B-2 B Cells Develop from Lin−CD34+CD38lo Stem Cells
Authors: Quách Tâm D. , Hopkins Thomas J. , Holodick Nichol E. , Vuyyuru Raja , Manser Tim , Bayer Ruthee-Lu , Rothstein Thomas L.
Published: October 2016

The B-1 B cell population is an important bridge between innate and adaptive immunity primarily because B-1 cells produce natural Ab. Murine B-1 and B-2 cells arise from distinct progenitors; however, in humans, in part because it has been difficult to discriminate between them phenotypically, efforts to pinpoint the developmental origins of human B-1 and B-2 cells have lagged. To characterize progenitors of human B-1 and B-2 cells, we separated cord blood and bone marrow Lin−CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells into Lin−CD34+CD38lo and Lin−CD34+CD38hi populations. We found that transplanted Lin−CD34+CD38lo cells, but not Lin−CD34+CD38hi cells, generated a CD19+ B cell population after transfer into immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1wjl/SxJ neonates. The emergent CD19+ B cell population was found in spleen, bone marrow, and peritoneal cavity of humanized mice and included distinct populations displaying the B-1 or the B-2 cell phenotype. Engrafted splenic B-1 cells exhibited a mature phenotype, as evidenced by low-to-intermediate expression levels of CD24 and CD38. The engrafted B-1 cell population expressed a VH-DH-JH composition similar to cord blood B-1 cells, including frequent use of VH4-34 (8 versus 10%, respectively). Among patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, B-1 cells were found in the circulation as early as 8 wk posttransplantation. Altogether, our data demonstrate that human B-1 and B-2 cells develop from a Lin−CD34+CD38lo stem cell population, and engrafted B-1 cells in humanized mice exhibit an Ig-usage pattern comparable to B-1 cells in cord blood.
Soluble RANKL Cleaved from Activated Lymphocytes by TNF-α–Converting Enzyme Contributes to Osteoclastogenesis in Periodontitis
Authors: Kanzaki Hiroyuki , Makihira Seicho , Suzuki Maiko , Ishii Takenobu , Movila Alexandru , Hirschfeld Josefine , Mawardi Hani , Lin Xiaoping , Han Xiaozhe , Taubman Martin A. , Kawai Toshihisa
Published: October 2016

Host immune responses play a key role in promoting bone resorption in periodontitis via receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)–dependent osteoclastogenesis. Both membrane-bound RANKL (mRANKL) expressed on lymphocytes and soluble RANKL (sRANKL) are found in periodontal lesions. However, the underlying mechanism and cellular source of sRANKL release and its biological role in periodontitis are unclear. TNF-α–converting enzyme (TACE) is reported to cleave the following: 1) precursor TNF-α with release of mature, soluble TNF-α and 2) mRANKL with release of sRANKL. Both soluble TNF-α and sRANKL are found in the periodontitis lesion, leading to the hypothesis that TACE expressed on lymphocytes is engaged in RANKL shedding and that the resulting sRANKL induces osteoclastogenesis. In the current study, upon stimulating PBLs with mitogens in vitro, RANKL expression, sRANKL secretion, and TACE expression were all upregulated. Among the four putative mRANKL sheddases examined in neutralization assays, TACE was the only functional sheddase able to cleave mRANKL expressed on PBL. Moreover, PBL culture supernatant stimulated with mitogens in the presence of anti-TACE Ab or anti-RANKL Ab showed a marked reduction of osteoclastogenesis from osteoclast precursors, indicating that TACE-mediated sRANKL may possess sufficient osteoclastogenic activity. According to double-color confocal microscopy, B cells expressed a more pronounced level of RANKL and TACE expression than T cells or monocytes in periodontally diseased gingiva. Conditioned medium of patients’ gingival lymphocyte culture increased in vitro osteoclastogenic activity, which was suppressed by the addition of anti-TACE Ab and anti-RANKL Ab. Therefore, TACE-mediated cleavage of sRANKL from activated lymphocytes, especially B cells, can promote osteoclastogenesis in periodontitis.
Human Capital, Organizational Demography and Organizational Performance: The Analysis of CPA Firms in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Ming-Jiuan , Chen Shin-Tien
Published: October 2016

Many studies indicate a positive correlation between human capital and operating performances for professional service providers. This paper takes a step further and explores the impact of demographic profiles on financial performances, given the lack of research on this front in Taiwan. To clarify the relationship between these factors, this paper takes a resources-based view in the examination of the influence of human capital and demographic profile on operating performances. Sample is sourced from “Survey of CPA Firms in Taiwan” issued by the Financial Supervisory Commission in 1999-2012. The empirical results suggest that (1) the greater the human capital, the better the organizational performances; (2) the higher the heterogeneity of educational backgrounds in the demographic mix, the better the organizational performances; (3) the heterogeneity in age in terms of the interaction between human capital and demographic profiles has a positive effect on organizational performances.
Guest Editorial: The Pivot to E
Authors: Seikel Michele
Published: October 2016

In 2004, Deanna Marcum, associate librarian for library services at the Library of Congress (LC), gave an address titled “The Future of Cataloging” in which she detailed the many ways that the Internet had already changed research for students.  She asked whether, in light of the increasing power of search engine indexing, digital resources should receive the same careful, detailed bibliographic description as printed materials. At that time, Google and several large research libraries were involved in the massive digitization project that became Google Books. Since then, other large digitization projects have combined to produce full-text digital versions of a great deal of the contents not under copyright of many research libraries.
BIBFRAME Transformation for Enhanced Discovery
Authors: Jin Qiang , Hahn Jim , Croll Gretchen
Published: October 2016

With support from an internal innovation grant from the University of Illinois Library at Urbana-Champaign, researchers transformed and enriched nearly 300,000 e-book records in their library catalog from Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) records to Bibliographic Framework (BIBFRAME) linked data resources. Researchers indexed the BIBFRAME resources online, and created two search interfaces for the discovery of BIBFRAME linked data. One result of the grant was the incorporation of BIBFRAME resources within an experimental Bento view of the linked library data for e-books. The end goal of this project is to provide enhanced discovery of library data, bringing like sets of content together in contemporary and easy to understand views assisting users in locating sets of associated bibliographic metadata.
Disambiguating the Departed: Using the Genealogist’s Tools to Uniquely Identify the Long Dead and Little Known
Authors: Long Chris Evin
Published: October 2016

The need to uniquely identify people with the same name will be as important in a linked data environment as it is in traditional library catalogs. Although older cataloging rules allowed multiple identities to share space in an authority record, the current rules are more stringent, requiring that all authorized access points for people to be disambiguated. While this task has been made much easier in recent years because of the amount of biographical material on the web, deceased and obscure people can pose a complex challenge. This is especially true for special collections materials, which are being given greater attention but which often deal with people who are long dead and little known. This paper builds on previous research in the use of online resources to perform authority work by providing an in-depth analysis of the genealogist’s toolkit and examining how freely available online genealogical sources can be used to find the types of distinctive information needed to create unique access points for people.
Trends in Library Collection Circulation in Spanish Universities: The Case of the University of León
Authors: Rodríguez-Bravo Blanca , Rodríguez-Sedano Francisco
Published: October 2016

This research analyzes the circulation of materials at the University of León Library to determine the evolution of the circulation data, identify the main users of the collection, to determine the periods of greater and lesser usage of the collection, and to identify the document types that are most often borrowed. To do so, circulation statistics from the library’s Innopac Millennium ILS from the 2011–12 to the 2013–14 academic year were studied. The results show that the use of print collections is decreasing due to the abundance of electronic content to which the university library subscribes.
Classifying African Literary Authors
Authors: Green Marilyn A. , Rathbun-Grubb Susan
Published: October 2016

This paper reviews the literature on the inadequacies of the Library of Congress Classification (LCC) schedules for African literary authors and describes a modified practice that collocates African literature and facilitates patron browsing. Current LCC practice scatters African literature across the multiple European language classifications of former colonial powers. Future strategies could place individual authors more accurately in the context of their country, region, culture, and languages of authorship. The authors renew the call for a formal international effort to revisit the literature schedules and create new classification practices for African literature.
Book Review: Academic E-Books: Publishers, Librarians, and Users
Authors: Pinks Anna
Published: October 2016

In their introduction to Academic E-Books: Publishers, Librarians and Users, editors Ward, Freeman and Nixon list the potential promises of e-books to libraries: they cannot be lost or damaged, they do not require staffing to check-in and out and shelf, they take up no space, they can be purchased on demand, they can be checked out by multiple users, and they are often searchable. These promises are particularly enticing when so much scholarship is done through online journal databases and when library service models are shifting from a focus on physical collections to an emphasis on creating spaces for collaborative scholarship. However, e-books also present challenges that the editors summarize in two statements: “1) lack of sufficient content and 2) users’ stated preference for print books in many cases” (2). The Academic E-Books contributors flesh out these issues through specific examples from the publishing industry, libraries, user experience and case studies. They also demonstrate how libraries are combatting challenges to successfully integrate, and in some cases replace print with, e-book collections.
β-Elemene Selectively Inhibits the Proliferation of Glioma Stem-Like Cells Through the Downregulation of Notch1
Authors: Feng Hai-bin , Wang Jing , Jiang Hao-ran , Mei Xin , Zhao Yi-ying , Chen Fu-rong , Qu Yue , Sai Ke , Guo Cheng-cheng , Yang Qun-ying , Zhang Zong-ping , Chen Zhong-ping
Published: October 2016

Glioma is the most frequent primary central nervous system tumor. Although the current first-line medicine, temozolomide (TMZ), promotes patient survival, drug resistance develops easily. Thus, it is important to investigate novel therapeutic reagents to solidify the treatment effect. β-Elemene (bELE) is a compound from a Chinese herb whose anticancer effect has been shown in various types of cancer. However, its role in the inhibition of glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs) has not yet been reported. We studied both the in vitro and the in vivo inhibitory effect of bELE and TMZ in GSLCs and parental cells and their combined effects. The molecular mechanisms were also investigated. We also optimized the delivery methods of bELE. We found that bELE selectively inhibits the proliferation and sphere formation of GSLCs, other than parental glioma cells, and TMZ exerts its effects on parental cells instead of GSLCs. The in vivo data confirmed that the combination of bELE and TMZ worked better in the xenografts of GSLCs, mimicking the situation of tumorigenesis of human cancer. Notch1 was downregulated with bELE treatment. Our data also demonstrated that the continuous administration of bELE produces an ideal effect to control tumor progression. Our findings have demonstrated, for the first time, that bELE could compensate for TMZ to kill both GSLCs and nonstem-like cancer cells, probably improving the prognosis of glioma patients tremendously. Notch1 might be a downstream target of bELE. Therefore, our data shed light on improving the outcomes of glioma patients by combining bELE and TMZ.
Human Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial-Hepatic Platform for Efficacy Testing of Vascular-Protective Metabolites from Nutraceuticals
Authors: Narmada Balakrishnan Chakrapani , Goh Yeek Teck , Li Huan , Sinha Sanjay , Yu Hanry , Cheung Christine
Published: October 2016

Atherosclerosis underlies many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Nutraceuticals are emerging as a therapeutic moiety for restoring vascular health. Unlike small-molecule drugs, the complexity of ingredients in nutraceuticals often confounds evaluation of their efficacy in preclinical evaluation. It is recognized that the liver is a vital organ in processing complex compounds into bioactive metabolites. In this work, we developed a coculture system of human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hPSC-ECs) and human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (hPSC-HEPs) for predicting vascular-protective effects of nutraceuticals. To validate our model, two compounds (quercetin and genistein), known to have anti-inflammatory effects on vasculatures, were selected. We found that both quercetin and genistein were ineffective at suppressing inflammatory activation by interleukin-1β owing to limited metabolic activity of hPSC-ECs. Conversely, hPSC-HEPs demonstrated metabolic capacity to break down both nutraceuticals into primary and secondary metabolites. When hPSC-HEPs were cocultured with hPSC-ECs to permit paracrine interactions, the continuous turnover of metabolites mitigated interleukin-1β stimulation on hPSC-ECs. We observed significant reductions in inflammatory gene expressions, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB, and interleukin-8 production. Thus, integration of hPSC-HEPs could accurately reproduce systemic effects involved in drug metabolism in vivo to unravel beneficial constituents in nutraceuticals. This physiologically relevant endothelial-hepatic platform would be a great resource in predicting the efficacy of complex nutraceuticals and mechanistic interrogation of vascular-targeting candidate compounds.
Safety and Efficacy of Megakaryocytes Induced from Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Murine and Nonhuman Primate Models
Authors: Guan Xin , Qin Meng , Zhang Yu , Wang Yanan , Shen Bin , Ren Zhihua , Ding Xinxin , Dai Wei , Jiang Yongping
Published: October 2016

Because of a lack of platelet supply and a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved platelet growth factor, megakaryocytes have emerged as an effective substitute for alleviating thrombocytopenia. Here, we report the development of an efficient two-stage culture system that is free of stroma, animal components, and genetic manipulations for the production of functional megakaryocytes from hematopoietic stem cells. Safety and functional studies were performed in murine and nonhuman primate models. One human cryopreserved cord blood CD34+ cell could be induced ex vivo to produce up to 1.0 × 104 megakaryocytes that included CD41a+ and CD42b+ cells at 82.4% ± 6.1% and 73.3% ± 8.5% (mean ± SD), respectively, yielding approximately 650-fold higher cell numbers than reported previously. Induced human megakaryocytic cells were capable of engrafting and producing functional platelets in the murine xenotransplantation model. In the nonhuman primate model, transplantation of primate megakaryocytic progenitors increased platelet count nadir and enhanced hemostatic function with no adverse effects. In addition, primate platelets were released in vivo as early as 3 hours after transplantation with autologous or allogeneic mature megakaryocytes and lasted for more than 48 hours. These results strongly suggest that large-scale induction of functional megakaryocytic cells is applicable for treating thrombocytopenic blood diseases in the clinic.
A widely employed germ cell marker is an ancient disordered protein with reproductive functions in diverse eukaryotes
Authors: Carmell Michelle A , Dokshin Gregoriy A , Skaletsky Helen , Hu Yueh-Chiang , van Wolfswinkel Josien C , Igarashi Kyomi J , Bellott Daniel W , Nefedov Michael , Reddien Peter W , Enders George C , Uversky Vladimir N , Mello Craig C , Page David C
Published: October 2016

The advent of sexual reproduction and the evolution of a dedicated germline in multicellular organisms are critical landmarks in eukaryotic evolution. We report an ancient family of GCNA (germ cell nuclear antigen) proteins that arose in the earliest eukaryotes, and feature a rapidly evolving intrinsically disordered region (IDR). Phylogenetic analysis reveals that GCNA proteins emerged before the major eukaryotic lineages diverged; GCNA predates the origin of a dedicated germline by a billion years. Gcna gene expression is enriched in reproductive cells across eukarya – either just prior to or during meiosis in single-celled eukaryotes, and in stem cells and germ cells of diverse multicellular animals. Studies of Gcna-mutant C. elegans and mice indicate that GCNA has functioned in reproduction for at least 600 million years. Homology to IDR-containing proteins implicated in DNA damage repair suggests that GCNA proteins may protect the genomic integrity of cells carrying a heritable genome.
Ankyrin-B is a PI3P effector that promotes polarized α5β1-integrin recycling via recruiting RabGAP1L to early endosomes
Authors: Qu Fangfei , Lorenzo Damaris N , King Samantha J , Brooks Rebecca , Bear James E , Bennett Vann
Published: October 2016

Endosomal membrane trafficking requires coordination between phosphoinositide lipids, Rab GTPases, and microtubule-based motors to dynamically determine endosome identity and promote long-range organelle transport. Here we report that ankyrin-B (AnkB), through integrating all three systems, functions as a critical node in the protein circuitry underlying polarized recycling of α5β1-integrin in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which enables persistent fibroblast migration along fibronectin gradients. AnkB associates with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P)-positive organelles in fibroblasts and binds dynactin to promote their long-range motility. We demonstrate that AnkB binds to Rab GTPase Activating Protein 1-Like (RabGAP1L) and recruits it to PI3P-positive organelles, where RabGAP1L inactivates Rab22A, and promotes polarized trafficking to the leading edge of migrating fibroblasts. We further determine that α5β1-integrin depends on an AnkB/RabGAP1L complex for polarized recycling. Our results reveal AnkB as an unexpected key element in coordinating polarized transport of α5β1-integrin and likely of other specialized endocytic cargos.
Cited references and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) as two different knowledge representations: clustering and mappings at the paper level
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Comins Jordan A. , Sorensen Aaron A. , Bornmann Lutz , Hellsten Iina
Published: October 2016

For the biomedical sciences, the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) make available a rich feature which cannot currently be merged properly with widely used citing/cited data. Here, we provide methods and routines that make MeSH terms amenable to broader usage in the study of science indicators: using Web-of-Science (WoS) data, one can generate the matrix of citing versus cited documents; using PubMed/MEDLINE data, a matrix of the citing documents versus MeSH terms can be generated analogously. The two matrices can also be reorganized into a 2-mode matrix of MeSH terms versus cited references. Using the abbreviated journal names in the references, one can, for example, address the question whether MeSH terms can be used as an alternative to WoS Subject Categories for the purpose of normalizing citation data. We explore the applicability of the routines in the case of a research program about the amyloid cascade hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease. One conclusion is that referenced journals provide archival structures, whereas MeSH terms indicate mainly variation (including novelty) at the research front. Furthermore, we explore the option of using the citing/cited matrix for main-path analysis as a by-product of the software.
Multidetector Computed Tomographic Angiography Imaging of Congenital Pulmonary Venous Anomalies: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Türkvatan Aysel , Güzeltaş Alper , Tola Hasan Tahsin , Ergül Yakup
Published: October 2016

Congenital pulmonary venous anomalies are not uncommon that can occur either in isolation or in association with different forms of congenital heart disease. Clinical presentation of these anomalies may vary from the relatively benign single anomalous partial pulmonary venous return to life-threatening critical obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Accurate delineation of these anomalies and accompanied cardiovascular anomalies are crucial to guide decision making in these patients. Low-dose high-pitch dual-source 256-detector multidetector computed tomographic angiography is a fast and reliable imaging modality allowing comprehensive noninvasive anatomic imaging in neonates and children with congenital pulmonary venous anomalies with lower radiation doses and should be preferred for these patients after transthoracic echocardiography.
Quadriparesis Caused by Lead Poisoning Nine Years After a Gunshot Wound With Retained Bullet Fragments: A Case Report
Authors: Nally Emma , Jelinek James , Bunning Robert D.
Published: October 2016

Lead toxicity in adults is characterized by nonspecific symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, fatigue, and weight loss. We present a case of severe lead toxicity that developed subacutely, causing quadriparesis 9 years after a gunshot wound with retained bullet fragments. The onset of symptoms may have been related to the development of a pseudocyst. The long interval between the gunshot wound and the onset of symptoms contributed to a delay in suspecting that the retained bullet was a source of lead toxicity. The patient's symptoms gradually improved after chelation therapy, removal of the bullet fragment, and an extended program of acute inpatient rehabilitation.

Level of Evidence

V
Lumbar Muscle Cross‐Sectional Areas Do Not Predict Clinical Outcomes in Adults With Spinal Stenosis: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gellhorn Alfred C. , Suri Pradeep , Rundell Sean D. , Olafsen Nathan , Carlson M. Jake , Johnson Steve , Fry Adrielle , Annaswamy Thiru M. , Gilligan Christopher , Comstock Bryan , Heagerty Patrick , Friedly Janna , Jarvik Jeffrey G.
Published: October 2016

Background

Minimal longitudinal data exist regarding the role of lumbar musculature in predicting back pain and function. In cross‐sectional study designs, there is often atrophy of the segmental multifidus muscle in subjects with low back pain compared with matched controls. However, the cross‐sectional design of these studies prevents drawing conclusions regarding whether lumbar muscle characteristics predict or modify future back pain or function.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to determine whether the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of lumbar muscles predict functional status or back pain at 6‐ or 12‐month follow‐up in older adults with spinal degeneration. The secondary objective is to evaluate whether these muscle characteristics improve outcome prediction above and beyond the prognostic information conferred by demographic and psychosocial variables.

Design

Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Participants

A total of 209 adults aged 50 years and older with clinical and radiographic spinal stenosis from the Lumbar Epidural steroid injection for Spinal Stenosis (LESS) trial.

Methods

Using baseline magnetic resonance images, we calculated CSAs of the lumbar multifidus, psoas, and quadratus lumborum muscles using a standardized protocol by manually tracing the borders of each of the muscles. The relationship between lumbar muscle CSAs and baseline measures was assessed with Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients. The relationship between lumbar muscle characteristics and 6‐ and 12‐month Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) and back pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) responses was further evaluated with multivariate linear regression. A hierarchical approach to the regression was performed: a basic model with factors of conceptual importance including age, gender, BMI, and baseline RDQ score formed the first step. The second and third steps evaluated whether psychosocial variables or muscle measures conferred additional prognostic information to the basic model.

Main Outcome Measures

Function as measured by the RDQ and back pain as measured by the NRS at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up.

Results

Lumbar muscle CSA was not a significant predictor of 6‐ or 12‐month RDQ or pain score in multivariate analyses.

Conclusions

Cross‐sectional areas of lumbar muscles do not predict function or pain at medium‐ and long‐term follow‐up in adults with lumbar spinal stenosis.

Level of Evidence

III
RELATIVIZING OPERATIONAL SET THEORY
Authors: JÄGER GERHARD
Published: October 2016

We introduce a way of relativizing operational set theory that also takes care of application. After presenting the basic approach and proving some essential properties of this new form of relativization we turn to the notion of relativized regularity and to the system OST (LR) that extends OST by a limit axiom claiming that any set is element of a relativized regular set. Finally we show that OST (LR) is proof-theoretically equivalent to the well-known theory KPi for a recursively inaccessible universe.
Approaching “Baltimore Is Burning” From a Systems Change Perspective: Role of I-O Psychologists as Change Agents
Authors: Chatterjee Deepshikha (Dia)
Published: October 2016

Policing in United States has been under media and public scrutiny for a while now. The focal article “Baltimore Is Burning: Can I-O Psychologists Help Extinguish the Flames?” (Ruggs et al., 2016) is a critical piece of work that not only sheds light on how racial bias may impact police–citizen interactions but also outlines possible ways in which industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists can intervene to remedy the situation. Although the call to use evidence-based I-O interventions as levers to facilitate a more effective and unbiased police force is timely, it is critical to acknowledge that the charged environment and the controversial nature of this issue imply that some members of the police force might not accept the suggested interventions at face value. Many police officers are upstanding and hard-working individuals and may see the change interventions as an attack. Thus, before attempting to execute any strategies offered in the focal article, I-O psychologists will have to do significant groundwork from a change management perspective: The current crisis needs to be approached from a whole systems change perspective so that we can (a) understand the factors causing the “flames” and define the problem space comprehensively; (b) understand the type of change we need to effect in response to the crisis, stay closely attuned to the system's readiness for change, and also anticipate resistance to change from different levels of the system; and (c) chart a clear outline of what our role should entail as change agents in helping resolve this crisis. Thus, this commentary complements the focal article by juxtaposing authors’ recommendations against a whole systems change paradigm, questions their implicit assumptions, and recommends that I-O psychologists act as change agents to help police forces define the problem, find solutions, anticipate resistance, and execute interventions at different levels of the policing system.
A Simple Solution to Policing Problems: Women!
Authors: Bergman Mindy E. , Walker Jessica M. , Jean Vanessa A.
Published: October 2016

Ruggs et al. (2016) describe paths through which industrial–organizational (I-O) psychology can make a dent in the ongoing policing problems in the United States. These paths include traditional I-O areas such as improved selection models, increased training, and changed organizational climates. However, there might be one fairly straightforward way in which police organizations can quickly reduce use-of-force problems: women. Because Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prevents selection based on sex, police departments obviously cannot hire women just because they are women. But police departments can and, we argue, should recruit more women to apply for police officer positions, create work practices and experiences that are attractive to and supportive of women (Hassell & Brandl, 2009), and make efforts to retain female officers because of the evidence that female officers use less force when policing (Bolger, 2015). Additionally, police organizations and I-O psychologists should also work together to discover why women are less likely to use force and, subsequently, determine whether these characteristics can be selected or trained for in either sex.
Meet You at the Peak: How I-Os Should Prepare for New Technologies
Authors: Tuzinski Kathy , Kantrowitz Tracy
Published: October 2016

Science and technology often work hand in hand to drive innovations in the practice of industrial–organizational (I-O) psychology. Historically, psychological science applied to workforce management allowed us to weather the storm of human resource trends and technological advances that attracted organizations to new tools and methods. But what happens when the lure of technology trumps the science? The rise of technological advances challenges our thinking and leads to psychological research and theory designed to keep pace with these advances. But in some instances, the adoption of new technology has outpaced scientific best practices. Organizations will adopt new technology in the absence of best practices if there are perceived benefits. Has the array of new talent identification tools described by Chamorro-Premuzic, Winsborough, Sherman, and Hogan (2016) presented a tipping point for I-O in terms of how we approach our science, research, tools, and methods?
Oral supplementation of healthy adults with 2′-O-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose is well tolerated and shifts the intestinal microbiota
Authors: Elison Emma , Vigsnaes Louise K. , Rindom Krogsgaard Laura , Rasmussen Julie , Sørensen Nikolaj , McConnell Bruce , Hennet Thierry , Sommer Morten O. A. , Bytzer Peter
Published: October 2016

The gut microbiota has been established as an important player influencing many aspects of human physiology. Breast milk, the first diet for an infant, contains human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) that shape the infant’s gut microbiota by selectively stimulating the growth of specific bacteria, especially bifidobacteria. In addition to their bifidogenic activity, the ability of HMO to modulate immune function and the gut barrier makes them prime candidates to restore a beneficial microbiota in dysbiotic adults and provide health benefits. We conducted a parallel, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, HMO-supplementation study in 100 healthy, adult volunteers, consuming chemically produced 2′-O-fucosyllactose (2′FL) and/or lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) at various daily doses and mixes or placebo for 2 weeks. All participants completed the study without premature discontinuation. Supplementation of 2′FL and LNnT at daily doses up to 20 g was shown to be safe and well tolerated, as assessed using the gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that HMO supplementation specifically modified the adult gut microbiota with the primary impact being substantial increases in relative abundance of Actinobacteria andBifidobacteriumin particular and a reduction in relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. This study provides the first set of data on safety, tolerance and impact of HMO on the adult gut microbiota. Collectively, the results from this study show that supplementing the diet with HMO is a valuable strategy to shape the human gut microbiota and specifically promote the growth of beneficial bifidobacteria.
Morphological and molecular identification of cryptic species in theSergentomyia bailyi(Sinton, 1931) complex in Sri Lanka
Authors: Tharmatha T. , Gajapathy K. , Ramasamy R. , Surendran S.N.
Published: October 2016

The correct identification of sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis is important for controlling the disease. Genetic, particularly DNA sequence data, has lately become an important adjunct to the use of morphological criteria for this purpose. A recent DNA sequencing study revealed the presence of two cryptic species in theSergentomyia bailyispecies complex in India. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the presence of cryptic species in theSe. bailyicomplex in Sri Lanka using morphological characteristics and DNA sequences from cytochrome c oxidase subunits. Sand flies were collected from leishmaniasis endemic and non-endemic dry zone districts of Sri Lanka. A total of 175Se. bailyispecimens were initially screened for morphological variations and the identified samples formed two groups, tentatively termed asSe. bailyispecies A and B, based on the relative length of the sensilla chaeticum and antennal flagellomere. DNA sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and subunit II (COII) genes of morphologically identifiedSe. bailyispecies A and B were subsequently analyzed. The two species showed differences in theCOIandCOIIgene sequences and were placed in two separate clades by phylogenetic analysis. An allele specific polymerase chain reaction assay based on sequence variation in theCOIgene accurately differentiated species A and B. The study therefore describes the first morphological and genetic evidence for the presence of two cryptic species within theSe. bailyicomplex in Sri Lanka and a DNA-based laboratory technique for differentiating them.
Educating Orchestral Musicians
Authors: Calissendorff Maria , Hannesson Haukur F.
Published: October 2016

This article examines research on the specific training of musicians before they begin work as players in professional orchestras. Most of the research is in the area of education. The present article suggests that little research exists that is specific to the development of a traditional orchestra musician from an early age through the music education system, although considerable research exists on the development and broadening of the actual role of the professional musician in a changing world (portfolio careers).
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED EDUCATION IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE-1 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Basarir Hasan , Brennan Alan , Jacques Richard , Pollard Daniel , Stevens Katherine , Freeman Jennifer , Wales Jerry , Price Katherine
Published: October 2016

Objectives: Kids in Control OF Food (KICk-OFF) is a 5-day structured education program for 11- to 16-year-olds with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who are using multiple daily insulin injections. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of the KICk-OFF education program compared with the usual care using data from the KICk-OFF trial.

Methods: The short-term within-trial analysis covers the 2-year postintervention period. Data on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), severe hypoglycemia, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were collected over a 2-year follow-up period. Sub-group analyses have been defined on the basis of baseline HbA1c being below 7.5 percent (58.5 mmol/mol) (low group), between 7.5 percent and 9.5 percent (80.3 mmol/mol) (medium group), and over 9.5 percent (high group). The long-term cost-effectiveness evaluation has been conducted by using The Sheffield Type 1 Diabetes Policy Model, which is a patient-level simulation model on T1DM. It includes long-term microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and macrovascular (myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization, and angina) diabetes-related complications and acute adverse events (severe hypoglycemia and DKA).

Results: The most favorable within-trial scenario for the KICk-OFF arm led to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £23,688 (base year 2009) with a cost-effectiveness probability of 41.3 percent. Simulating the long-term complications using the full cohort data, the mean ICER for the base case was £28,813 (base year 2011) and the probability of the KICk-OFF intervention being cost-effective at £20,000/QALY threshold was 42.6 percent, with considerable variation due to treatment effect duration. For the high HbA1c sub-group, the KICk-OFF arm was “dominant” (meaning it provided better health gains at lower costs than usual care) over the usual care arm in each scenario considered.

Conclusions: For the whole study population, the cost-effectiveness of KICk-OFF depends on the assumption for treatment effect duration. For the high baseline HbA1c sub-group, KICk-OFF arm was estimated to be dominant over the usual care arm regardless of the assumption on the treatment effect duration.
Probing the spinor nature of electronic states in nanosize non-collinear magnets
Authors: Fischer Jeison A. , Sandratskii Leonid M. , Phark Soo-Hyon , Ouazi Safia , Pasa André A. , Sander Dirk , Parkin Stuart S. P.
Published: October 2016

Non-collinear magnetization textures provide a route to novel device concepts in spintronics. These applications require laterally confined non-collinear magnets (NCM). A crucial aspect for potential applications is how the spatial proximity between the NCM and vacuum or another material impacts the magnetization texture on the nanoscale. We focus on a prototypical exchange-driven NCM given by the helical spin order of bilayer Fe on Cu(111). Spin-polarized scanning tunnelling spectroscopy and density functional theory reveal a nanosize- and proximity-driven modification of the electronic and magnetic structure of the NCM in interfacial contact with a ferromagnet or with vacuum. An intriguing non-collinearity between the local magnetization in the sample and the electronic magnetization probed above its surface results. It is a direct consequence of the spinor nature of electronic states in NCM. Our findings provide a possible route for advanced control of nanoscale spin textures by confinement.