bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obtaining an Empirical Equation for Correcting the Melt Flow Index of Virgin and Recycled Polypropylene Mixtures and Analysis of Mechanical Properties of the Blends
Authors: Barbosa Luiz Gustavo , Dalberto Cassiano Rodrigo , Francesquetti Edson Luiz
Published: October 2020

Polypropylene is one of the most used materials in the world because of its easy processability and good mechanical properties under different applications. As a result, a lot of polypropylene waste is being generated and recycling is important. The problem with recycling polypropylene is the changing in the properties when compared to virgin polypropylene. Processability parameters and mechanical properties of traction and impact can be changed after recycling this material, affecting companies in the polymer transformation sector. Thus, this work aims to obtain an empirical equation for the correction of the melt flow index of virgin and recycled polypropylene mixtures and also conducts a study on the mechanical properties of the mixtures comparing them with those of virgin polypropylene. The empirical equation found shows a linear relationship between the melt flow index of the mixture and the percentage amount of virgin polypropylene. From the mechanical properties, it was observed that the stiffness of the mixtures is similar to that of virgin polypropylene, however the energy absorbed under impact is considerably lower, compromising the use of recycled polypropylene for such application.
Was hindert Länder im südlichen Afrika an einer weiteren Verbesserung der Supply Chain- Leistung?
Authors: Hofmann Stephan
Published: October 2020

Die Mehrheit der Länder im südlichen Afrika liegt weit unter ihrem Supply Chain-Potenzial. Zugleich ist die ökonomische Entwicklung in vielen Ländern in der breiten Bevölkerung gering. Ziel dieses Projektes war es, Engpässe von Supply Chain-Leistung zu identifizieren und Maßnahmen zu bewerten, um Supply Chain-Leistung und ökonomische Entwicklung in ausgewählten Ländern im südlichen Afrika steigern zu können. Dabei wurden ökonomische, politische, kulturelle, technische und organisatorische Faktoren berücksichtigt.
Empresas: modelo de cambio basado en el aprendizaje
Authors: Fernández Gatti María Andrea
Published: October 2020

En la sociedad del aprendizaje en que vivimos, caracterizada por el cambio permanente, las empresas necesitan ser capaces de recrearse a si mismas para actuar más eficientemente. Esto sólo es posible generando una transformación cultural profunda, un Aprendizaje Transformador Generativo que las convierta en empresas que aprenden.

En este trabajo se propone un proceso que se produce por la sinergia entre agentes, Diálogo y modelo y permite a las empresas ser conscientes de su estado actual, diseñar su ideal, conseguirlo y sostenerlo superadoramente en el tiempo.
Evaluación de criterios de bondad de ajuste para modelos logit marginales
Authors: Boggio Gabriela Susana
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo se estudia el comportamiento de medidas de bondad de ajuste de modelos logit marginales para datos binarios correlacionados. Algunas de ellas son de carácter descriptivo, basadas generalmente en la noción de pérdida incurrida al usar un modelo aproximado para describir la realidad, y otras constituyen estadísticas globales de bondad de ajuste. En general son extensiones naturales de las disponibles para el caso de modelos logit clásicos, es decir bajo el supuesto de independencia de las observaciones. Para la evaluación de estas medidas se realiza un estudio por simulación mediante la utilización de un algoritmo simple de generación de datos con estructura de asociación intra-unidad constante. Entre las estadísticas de tipo descriptivo se destaca el buen comportamiento de la extensión del criterio de Akaike, la cual constituye una medida útil para seleccionar el mejor subconjunto de covariables a incluir en el modelo. En lo que se refiere a los tests globales de bondad de ajuste, la extensión de la prueba chi cuadrado de Pearson y la basada en la suma no ponderada de residuos son las que presentan en general mejor comportamiento en cuanto al control del error tipo I, si bien la potencia resulta baja.
La energía y la Teoría Neoclásica del Crecimiento
Authors: Díaz Darío Ezequiel
Published: October 2020

La energía es la fuerza principal que impulsa todas las actividades económicas. La misma está implícitamente incorporada en la Economía Neoclásica como el esfuerzo de la mano de obra. La energía proveniente de fuentes no humanas (carbón, petróleo, electricidad, alimentos y fertilizantes) se incorpora en la Economía únicamente como insumos intermedios, es decir, se anexa a las cuentas del ingreso nacional de un país como el valor agregado del sector energético.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión referente a la incipiente incorporación de la energía en los modelos de crecimiento económico de la literatura neoclásica y mainstream. No se desarrollarán conceptos relacionados con el ámbito de la Economía Ecológica.
Modelos PCA a partir de conjuntos de datos con información faltante. ¿Se afectan sus propiedades?
Authors: Vitelleschi María Susana , Marta Beatriz Quaglino Directora:
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo se aborda la problemática de la construcción de modelos PCA (Principal Component Analysis) a partir de conjuntos de datos con información faltante. Se trabaja sobre tres situaciones diferentes con relación a la matriz de datos originales. En cada situación se generaron pérdidas a través de mecanismos aleatorios y no aleatorios, en diferentes porcentajes en una sola variable por vez, seleccionada mediante dos criterios: la que más contribuye y menos contribuye en la formación de la primera componente principal. A partir de cada conjunto de datos incompletos se construye el modelo PCA utilizando: Casos Completos, Nonlinear Iterative Partial Least Squares (NIPALS) y Expectation Maximization (EM). Se comparan los resultados con los obtenidos a través del conjunto de datos originales. Se definen una serie de medidas para estudiar cómo se afectan los resultados según la dimensión de la matriz de datos, el porcentaje y el mecanismo de pérdida, con relación a: bondad del ajuste, bondad de predicción, vectores cargas, ortonormalidad de la matriz de cargas y ortogonalidad de la matriz de “scores”.
El modelo extractivista y los peligros para la soberanía alimentaria en el caso ecuatoriano
Authors: Flores Chamba Enith
Published: October 2020

Las políticas extractivistas basadas en la implementación de proyectos mineros, petroleros, agronegocios traen consigo el desplazamiento de pueblos y comunidades de sus territorios, el acaparamiento de tierras, la disputa por el uso, tenencia y control de recursos como el agua, la tierra, las semillas, el abandono y desinterés por preservar y promover la agricultura familiar campesina. Todos estos son factores que evidencian una clara violación a la soberanía alimentaria al no asegurar desde el Estado el acceso a los recursos fundamentales para una alimentación cultural y socialmente adecuada. En América Latina, Ecuador es uno de los países que ha firmado y ratificado los convenios internacionales vinculados a Derechos Económicos, Sociales, Culturales y Derecho a la Alimentación (DESCA). Sin embargo, las políticas implementadas en la última década entran en contradicción con el PIDESC y la Constitución ecuatoriana (Registro Oficial del Tribunal Constitucional del Ecuador, 2008), que garantiza los DESCA a través de lo que se denomina Derechos del Buen Vivir o Sumak Kawsay. A lo largo de este trabajo se analiza la importancia de la soberanía alimentaria en el Ecuador y sus riesgos con las políticas extractivistas implementadas por los últimos gobiernos
Productivity and competitiveness in medium-large forestry-furniture and automotive companies in the Municipality of Durango, Dgo.
Authors: CHAVEZ-SAMANIEGO Rosendo , GUTIERREZ-MUÑOZ Israel Iván , GRIJALVA-AVILA Gerardo
Published: October 2020

The research determines the factors and dimensions that influence the productivity and competitiveness of medium-large companies in the forestry-furniture and automotive sector of the Municipality of Durango, in turn allowing these factors and dimensions to be transferred to a validated instrument. Technology support streamlines the analysis of the information that companies provide to determine the level of productivity and competitiveness. Know the status of companies with their various internal indicators, it shows the need to deploy an empirical study that involves variables and factors, which in turn allows to be Analyzed the results to establish clear and objective strategies all through a Web application. The validity of the instrument content with the V-Aiken methodology with value of .845 and the reliability of the Cronbach's alpha instrument α = .912 allows the instrument to be applied to obtain the Productivity Level 4.4 and the Competitiveness Level 3.8 in one scale of 0 to 5.
Thermal analysis of a parabolic trough solar collector with synthetic oil as working fluid using a computational tool
Authors: ENCISO-CONTRERAS Ernesto , DE LA CRUZ Alejo Jesús , ALCOCER Guillermo Irving , BARBOSA-SALDAÑA Juan Gabriel
Published: October 2020

This work describes the use of a computational tool to assess a previously built parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) that uses a working fluid in liquid state. This work is focused on the thermal analysis of a PTC collector considering two common used synthetic oils: Syltherm 800 and Therminol VP1. The designing characteristics of the commercial LS3 solar collector was selected and as solar resource, the solar irradiance that reaches Mexico City was used with twelve monthly average values along the year. The computational tool provides thermal and flow data for every synthetic oil and for every solar irradiance value used. The most important data computed is the mass flow, which is obtained through iterative processes until the necessary value is found, in order to satisfy the working fluid final temperature for the synthetic oil, once the optimum mass flow value is found, the collector thermal parameters are computed, such as: heat gain, heat losses, thermal efficiency, and the temperatures for the absorber and coating tubes. The computational tool can assess any PTC collector with any working fluid in liquid state, and the data obtained can be used to improve of modify the design of the collector for a better performance.
Assessment of the land reclamation condition using GIS techniques and environmental variables: case study in Kulavat canal irrigation system, Khorezm
Authors: Kenjabaev Shavkat , Sultanov Murod , Bauer Christian , Akhmedkhodjaeva Dilbar , Akhmedkhodjaeva Ifoda , Ibragimova Zaytuna
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study is quantitatively assessment and map land reclamation condition in irrigated croplands of Kulavat canal irrigation system. Environmental variables, such as soil texture, salinity and bonitet, groundwater table and salinity, distance to irrigation systems and density of drainage networks, are the main datasets required for assessing land reclamation condition. These data were extracted and manipulated in geographic information system (GIS) as thematic layers. Spatial analyst function in GIS software was used to detect spatial distribution of variablesand assessing the land reclamation condition, of which the map of environmentally sensitive areas of study area is produced. The results obtained reveals that the study area comprises of three sensitivity classes such as good, medium and low condition, on basis of the stratification map. It is seen that the low areas for land reclamation condition in study area are found in the north-western and south-eastern parts, these areas represent 7 % of the total irrigated lands in study area (26,700 ha). The areas of mediumcondition represent 47 % of the total area. The areas of good condition comprise 33 % of the total area. The other parts (13 %) of the study area belong tonon-assessed class. By noticing the evaluation of environmental factors, the soil (texture), land condition (groundwater table) and water availability (distance to the irrigation systems) have the intensive effect on land reclamation condition throughout the study region. A GIS tool hasa potential to generate such as mapsthat can be used in specific land management improvement programs.
Characterization of soil salinity and its impact on wheat crop using space-borne hyperspectral data
Authors: Avliyakulov Mirzoolim , Kumari Mamta , Rajabov Nurmamat , Durdiev Normat
Published: October 2020

Facing the risk of soil salinization worldwide, there has been a growing interest in identifying rapid and inexpensive tools for soil salinity assessment. Remote sensing has shown great advantages in the field in recent decades. In present research, Hyperion Hyperspectral remote sensing data (EO-1) was used for characterization and mapping of salt-affected soils, to generate crop inventory map and to evaluate soil salinity impact on wheat crop growth in part of Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh representing Indo-Gangetic plain. Narrow bands can discriminate critical spectral differentials in detail and can assess the salinity hazard over crop. A detailed field survey was carried out in the study area in order to identify the salt-affected soils and to collect soil samples, groundwater table depth, chlorophyll content, LAI to characterize impact of soil salinity over crop. Various wheat crop spectra were collected for calculation of narrow band indices to discriminate various stress conditions. Spectral angle mapper (SAM) was used to generate crop inventory map with various types of crops. The same technique (SAM) was used to map various categories of salt affected soils represented by spectral endmembers of normal, slightly, moderately and highly salt-affected soils. The results showed that various severity classes of salt-affected soils could be reliably mapped using spectral angle mapper (SAM) analysis with an overall accuracy of 74.24 %. Empirical relationships developed between crop & soil parameters and vegetation indices using SMLR could show its possibility with an R2 of 0.52 and 0.41 to predict LAI and CCI, respectively. Validation results showed the RMSE of 0.8 and 5.2 to predict LAI and CCI. Partial least square regression (PLSR) statistical model (using spectroradiometer derived narrow band indices) was developed to assess different stress level with varying crop and soil parameters.
Element partitioning in low-carbon Si2Mn2CrMoVNb TRIP-assisted steel in intercritical temperature range
Authors: Efremenko Vasily , Kussa Roman , PETRYSHYNETS Ivan , SHIMIZU Kazumichi , KROMKA František , ZURNADZHY Vadym , GAVRILOVA Victoria
Published: October 2020

The present paper is aimed at the study of the kinetics of Mn, Si, Cr partitioning in 0.2wt%C-Si2Mn2CrMoVNb TRIP-assisted steel under the annealing at 770 oC and 830 oC to be within the intercritical temperature range. The work was fulfilled using SEM, EDX, dilatometry, and hardness measurements. It was found that under heating a redistribution of the alloying elements between ferrite and austenite took place. Specifically, silicon partitioned to ferrite while chromium diffused to austenite with distribution coefficient values of 1.12-1.21 (KSi) and 0.75-0.86 (KCr). Manganese was found to partition to a much greater extent resulting in a distribution coefficient of KMn=0.38-0.50 and 2.6 times higher concentration in austenite as compared to ferrite. As annealing temperature raised from 770 oC to 830 oC the elemental partitioning was accelerated, followed by the decrease in manganese content in austenite (by 1.44 time) and ferrite (by 1.34 time) caused by an increase in austenite volume fraction. Silicon featured uneven distribution within ferrite to be accumulated at the “martensite/ferrite” interface and near ferrite grain boundaries, while manganese was concentrated in MC carbides. The recommendation for annealing holding was formulated based on elemental partitioning kinetics.
Formación cívica, estructura fundamental de la participación ciudadana
Authors: Monterde Valenzuela María de los Ángeles , Morales Tostado María del Carmen
Published: October 2020

México ha transitado por diferentes estrategias educativas, en las cuales la importancia de la formación cívica se ha reacomodado en la jerarquía. La cultura cívica forma parte de la formación ciudadana, se adquiere en el ámbito educativo; y se practica en el ámbito social. Tema importante de esa educación cívica es la democracia, concebida esta como una forma de gobierno en la que el poder político se ejerce por los ciudadanos y no solo por el grupo que ostenta el poder en un tiempo y espacio determinado. En México el abstencionismo se presenta en el entorno electoral, como respuesta de ciudadanos a quienes no les interesa el quehacer de los políticos y del gobierno. Tampoco participan de forma activa en la solución de problemas que aquejan a su comunidad.  Este suceso identifica la ausencia de formación cívica en los jóvenes mexicanos, y resalta la importancia de incluir en los procesos educativos de todos los niveles de educación pública a la educación cívica. Las instituciones de educación superior tienen una misión educadora; son formadoras de ciudadanía, y sobre todo de personas íntegras que generen desarrollo en sus comunidades, fomenten la cohesión social, promuevan la formación de la identidad nacional y actúen con conciencia en la resolución de problemas contemporáneos.
Utilization of Internet-Based History Learning Media in 21st Century Universities
Authors: Pradita Silvy Mei , Sidik Humar
Published: October 2020

In the current postmodern era, the internet has transformed into a cutting-edge weapon in various sectors, ranging from industry, art, economy and others. The internet has always played a vital role in maximizing these various sectors. However, what is the real reality in the world of education? Has the internet been fully utilized? Departing from these worries, this research aims to reveal the real reality of the use of the internet at the tertiary level, especially as a medium for learning history. This research itself uses a descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observation, and document analysis. The interview form used is open and leads to depth of information and is not formal / structured. The goal is to explore the information that is researched further, complete, and in depth. Data analysis in the study took place simultaneously with the data collection process. Among them through data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results showed that in 21st century learning, the internet has an important role if teachers can maximize its use, because with the internet students are able to dig deeper into existing information, especially now that there are so many historical journal portals that are opened online and accessed for free. Furthermore, the use of the internet can also be applied in a learning system, for example by using blended learning
Analisis Kohesi Gramatikal (Konjungsi) dalam Novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Karya Ahmad Tohari
Authors: Ati Aster Pujaning
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian  ini  adalah  untuk  mengetahui unsur gramatikal yang ada pada novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk karya Ahmad Tohari. Unsur gramatikal yang diambil adalah seluruh unsur konjungsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, karena penelitian kualitatif adalah penelitian yang paling cocok dengan fenomena sastra. Teknik analisis (Content Analysis) juga digunakan untuk wacana yang berhubungan dengan isi wacana novel, baik secara verbal maupun nonverbal; wacana verbal dalam penelitian ini adalah novel yang jumlah keseluruhan isi wacana tersebut yang dimaksud. Sampel utuh dari isi teks novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk adalah menggunakan sampel 2 cerita dari 3 cerita. Tiap cerita penulis akan mengambil 15 paragraf  untuk di analisis. Dengan jumlah 30 paragraf. Gramatikal pada aspek konjungsi menunjukkan persentase pemakaian kohesi gramatikal pada aspek konjungsi sebanyak 62 pasang kalimat atau 60,78%.
Pembuatan Ecobrick sebagai Upaya Menumbuhkan Sekolah Ramah Lingkungan di SMP PGRI 30 Jakarta dalam Rangka Mendukung Program Sekolah Adiwiyata
Authors: Hapsari Fadjriah , Wahyuni Siti
Published: October 2020

Meningkatnya jumlah sampah plastik dalam kegiatan konsumsi masyarakat baik di lingkungan rumah tangga maupun sekolah menjadi kajian yang seakan tidak pernah habis. Seperti yang telah kita ketahui, sekolah merupakan pusat kebudayaan bagi peradaban masyarakat, maka masalah sampah plastik juga menjadi perhatian utama sekolah. Dalam hal sampah plastik, sekolah juga berkontribusi dalam peningkatannya, dikarenakan masih banyak penggunaan plastik di lingkungan sekolah. Ecobrick merupakan sebuah metode yang bisa diterapkan sekolah dalam menanggulangi permasalahan sampah. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pembuatan ecobrik dalam mewujudkan sekolah ramah lingkungan untuk mendukung program sekolah adiwiyata. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode deskriptif untuk mengungkap fakta yang sesungguhnya. Setelah praktik dilaksanakan dilakukan evaluasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dapat dilihat dari : 1) Siswa telah mampu mempraktikkan pembuatan ecobrick dengan memanfaatkan  sampah plastik dan sampah botol plastik; 2) Siswa mampu mengkreasikan ecobrick menjadi hiasan menarik di lingkungan sekolah; 3) Siswa mampu memotivasi diri dalam pembuatan ecobrick; 4) Siswa menunjukkan minat dan antusias tinggi dalam membuat ecobrick; 5) Siswa mampu memanfaatkan ecobrick menjadi pagar taman sekolah; 6) Ecobrick ini sebagai solusi sederhana dalam mengolah sampah plastik menjadi bermanfaat.
Sleep Quality among College Students in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Khadka Rakshya , Bista Suman , Baskota Swechhya , Poudel Lisasha , Gurung Minani
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Many college students suffer from sleep disorders, including insomnia, and sleep deprivation, resulting in a poor sleep quality. Students are at risk for sleep disorders, and those at risk may also be at risk for academic failure. The main aim of the study is to assess the level of sleep quality among college students in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 504 students of class 11 and 12 of any faculties among selected colleges of Kathmandu. Simple random sampling was used for selection of colleges. Ethical approval was taken before data collection. Participants with chronic medical illness and mental disorders were excluded from the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the information related to socio-demography, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to assess the sleep quality in college students. All data extracted from questionnaires were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results: Out of 504 students, 40.9% were found to have good sleep quality, whereas, 59.1% were found to have poor sleep quality. 55.21% of male students and 65.78% of female students had poor sleep quality. 58.30% of science students and 59.85 % of management students had poor sleep quality.

Conclusions: The quality of sleep among Nepalese college students was found to be poor. Many colleges are unaware of the risks or issues to the students.
A Study on Shock Index in Early Diagnosis of Sepsis in Emergency Department of Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal
Authors: Pant Manish Nath , Dawadi Subash , Thapa Ashish
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Sepsis and its consequences, severe sepsis and septic shock is at menace in country like ours where infectious disease are at toll. Early diagnosis and treatment is very important to decrease the morbidity and mortality. Shock index is one of such tool that is very handy in these situations as this is just a mathematical calculation using heart rate(HR) and systolic blood pressure(SBP). The main aim of this study was to find the effectiveness of using SI as an adjunct to blood lactate in diagnosing patients in sepsis.

Methods: This was an observational hospital-based study conducted at Emergency Department of TUTH, Maharajgunj on 104 patients, obtained by purposive sampling method, who had presented to the “Red Area”, aged between 18 to 65 years. These patients were screened for severe sepsis using triage vital signs, basic laboratory tests and an initial serum lactate level. Test characteristics were calculated for hyperlactatemia. I considered the following covariates in our analysis: heart rate >90 beats/min; mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg; respiratory rate > 20 breaths/min; ≥2 SIRS including white blood cell count; SI <0.6; SI 0.6 to 1; SI 1 to 1.4and SI ≥ 1.4. 

Results: There was a positive correlation between shock index and blood lactate level, r=0.2, n=104, p=0.042. No relationship was found between SI>=1 and hyperlactemia, X2 (.285, N = 104) = 1, p =.594 and relationship was found between SI >=0.7 and hyperlactemia, X2 (4.1, N = 104) = 1, p =.04. sensitivity and specificity for detecting hyperlactemia of SI>=1, SI.=0.7, SIRS was 84% and 20%, 93% and 0%, 79% and 20% respectively.

Conclusions: There was weak correlation between the lactate level and shock index with statistically significant correlation between the shock index grouped >=0.7 and hyperlactatemia with high sensitivity and very low specificity.
Anaesthesia in a Child with Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Obesity: A Case Report
Authors: Prasai Adim , Prasai Abha
Published: October 2020

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in the first three years of life. Children may attend hospital for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures at different points of their lives. Due to increased anxiety of patient and family members, uncooperative or combative behaviour, these patients are considered to be difficult cases for anaesthesia. Overweight and obesity in children has become endemic and perioperative complications are more frequent in these patients. A versatile approach should be adopted for management of these patients.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Health Services Utilization of Sindhupalchowk District, Nepal
Authors: Tamang Nilam , Baskota Swechhya , Mali Prajita , Paudel Saru , Shrestha Lumnima , Giri Dipa , Neupane Sudikshya , Shrestha Ajma , Lamichhane Apar
Published: October 2020

Introduction: In Nepal, preference of health service for treatment is different for different people, which is affected by their level of knowledge , socio-demographic factors and so on. The objective of this study was to find the first preference of health services of the people for the treatment of their illness andfactors affecting their preference.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 260 respondents of Maneswora Ward, Sindhupalchowk district which was selected through systematic random sampling. Data collection was done after taking ethical approval. Face-to-face interview was done to collect the data through semi- structured questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS v16.

Results: One-third (36.9%) of the respondents were found to be visiting the traditional health services and more than half (63.1%) of the respondents visited modern health services. Education (0.016), duration of stay (0.014), type of disease (<0.001), distance to the health services (<0.001), modes of transportation (<0.001), affordability (0.013), waiting time (<0.001) and availability of health care provider (<0.001) demonstrated association with utilization of health services at 95% level of confidence (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Despite of modern health facilities available within walking distance, still people prefer to go to the traditional healers for almost all the health problems at first hand with firm belief that they cure it. Hence, government still lacks effective programs to attract people towards modern health services to some extent. Hence, the awareness campaign regarding the benefits of modern health services should be initiated.
Child Pugh Score as a Predictor of Large Oesophageal Varices in Chronic Liver Disease Patients
Authors: Girish Awasthi , Shrestha Tirtha Man
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Variceal hemorrhage is a major complication of chronic liver disease. If patients at low or high risk of having esophageal varices (EV) could be identified by the Child Pugh score in predicting the size of oesophageal varices in patients with chronic liver disease. The main objective of this study was to determine whether Child Pugh Score can be used as a predictor of large oesphageal varices in chronic liver disease patient.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in emergency and medicine ward of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from August 2015 to December 2015 with diagnosed chronic liver disease without history of previous medication for varices and any surgical intervention were studied. Patients underwent physical examination, hematological and biochemical tests and abdominal sonography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Presence and absence of esophageal varices size was noted and correlation with Child Pugh Score and it’s associated variables studied.

Results: Alcoholic liver disease was the major cause for chronic liver disease with most common age group involved being 41-50 years and 72% prevalence of esophageal varices. A statistically significant association was found between oesophageal varices grade and Child-Pugh’s classification grades i.e., the higher grade of oesophageal varices is associated with advanced grade of Child’s classification.

Conclusions: Child Pugh Score had a predictive value to diagnose esophageal varices in chronic liver disease patients. The predictive accuracy as compared to the gold standard test “UGI endoscopy” showed that these parameters cannot replace endoscopy as the diagnostic test but can be used as a screening tool especially in a country like Nepal where availability of endoscopy facilities and access to tertiary care hospitals is an issue.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Prediabetes Condition in Obese/Overweight Children in Selected School of Lalitpur District, Nepal
Authors: Karki Achyut Raj , Giri Mona , Sthapit Rekha
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Obesity, hypertension and diabetes are the most powerful predictor of cardiovascular diseases in children as well as adults. These factors are interlinked to one another and form a vicious cycle. In Nepal obesity in children is not a priority search for a researcher owing to the overwhelming presence of undernutrition. The main aim of the study was to explore the cardiovascular risk factors among overweight and obese school children of the selected schools

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study in a semi urban area private school in Lalitpur district, Nepal in 310 students of age group 14-16 years of 10th grade. The distribution of obesity by BMI and WC category was searched for. Capillary fasting glucose level was measured by glucometer and food habit and physical activities were inquired through structured questionnaire. Height and weight were measured by simple measuring tape and bathroom scale weighing machine. Blood pressure was measured by aneroid sphygmomanometer using standard technique. All the data were compared to the standards of south Indian study of children percentile chart.

Results: Obesity and overweight were found in 18.7 percent children. Pre-hypertension was found in 8.6 percent. Physical inactivity in terms of > 2 hours of TV watching, mobile and video game playing was found in 31.46 percent of obese children which was statistically significant (P<.001). However, there were no children found to be prediabetic.

Conclusions: There is increasing obesity among school going children in semi urban cluster of Kathmandu valley. The physical inactivity in the form of watching TV or playing video games/mobiles is associated with development of obesity. Hypertension is prevalent among obese children.
Anti- NMDAR Autoimmune Encephalitis Presenting as Acute Psychosis: A Case Report
Authors: Rajbhandari Bibek , Gurung Minani
Published: October 2020

Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a recently identified autoimmune disorder with prominent psychiatric symptoms. Patients usually present with acute behavioral change, psychosis, catatonic symptoms, memory deficits, seizures, dyskinesias, and autonomic instability. We present a case of a 13-year old who presented with noticeably chirpiness, excessive talking with unknown people and wandering around the neighborhood without purpose.The main symptoms of the patient and the important clinical findings were irrelevant talking which later developed into slurring of speech, abnormal movements and memory loss.This case is an example of how easily we are misled towards diagnosis based on the present symptoms. The patient suffered the unnecessary stigma of a psychiatric illness, which might stay imprinted on her for a long time. In this report we call for attention to the inclusion of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in the differential diagnosis of acute psychosis. It adds on to show that NMDAR might present in the most unexpected and unpredictable ways, sometimes misleading the patient away from medical help.Prompt diagnosis is critical as early immunotherapy and tumor removal could dramatically affect outcomes.
Dieulafoy Lesion of Ileum: A Case Report
Authors: Poudel Prakash , Dhakwa Ramesh
Published: October 2020

Dieulafoy lesion is a rare cause of massive GI bleeding. It’s an abnormal sub-mucosal artery protruding from a minute mucosal defect (≤3 mm). A 31 yearold male presented with complaints of hematochezia. Preliminary investigations failed to locate the exact source of bleed. Enteroscopy suggested distal ileal bleed. At laparotomy, an ulcerated nodular lesion, approximately 0.5 cm was identified in distal ileum. 30 cm of ileum along with mesentery was resected. Histology revealed it to be Dieulafoy lesion. Dieulafoy lesion is uncommon but one of the causes of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding that could result in treacherous and life-threatening gastrointestinal haemorrhage. This lesion is difficult to identify and high index of suspicion is required to make diagnosis. Hence, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of active GI bleeding. The definitive diagnosis is based only on histopathology.
Population Dynamics Leading to Asymptomatic COVID-19
Authors: Shrestha Ashis
Published: October 2020

Considering the population pyramid of our nation, we may get more asymptomatic patients than indicative. The young and asymptomatic population should be aware and take precautions in order to protect the old and vulnerable. The wider population pyramid at younger age group can develop herd immunity which can be our advantage.
Forecasting of functional results of septoplasty
Authors: Bezshapochny Sergey B. , Avrunin Oleh G. , Loburets Andrey V. , Loburets Valery V. , Gasyuk Yuri A.
Published: October 2020

Objective: to define the effectiveness of forecasting of the functional result of septoplasty.
Materials and methods: forecasting based on endorhinoscopy data, spiral computed tomography, formation of a spatial segmented lofting model of nasal cavity, construction of an aerodynamic model based on a unified generalized voxel tomography of the upper respiratory tract and rhinomanometry, which were conducted in 28 patients.
Results: it was found that the correction of various variants of the deviation of nasal septum in more than 80% of cases significantly reduces the aerodynamic nasal resistance. Forecasting at septoplasty allows to quantify functional results, which do not always coincide with the real ones. The introduction of more highly
accurate innovative diagnostic methods in the future will improve the efficiency of forecasting in rhinosurgery
Wigner Distribution Analysis and the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Musha Takaaki
Published: October 2020

Wigner distribution is a tool for signal processing to obtain instantaneous spectrum of a signal. From which, another representation of the Euler product can be obtained for Dirichlet series of the Mobius function, which leads to the proof of the Riemann hypothesis
The Potentiality Of Black Women Narratives For Inclusive Education: Developing Other Subjectivities At School
Authors: Weschenfelder Viviane Ines
Published: October 2020

The paper aims to present the results of a research developed with narratives written by Brazilian Black Women, as well as to discuss its educational potentiality. The research data was composed of 36 autobiographic narratives published by Black women in a blog called Blogueiras Negras, between 2013 and 2016. The research relies on post-structuralism perspective, articulating Foucaultian Studies, the field of Multicultural Education, and the Critical Race Theory-CRT. The analysis shows that the blog works as an essential educative place, where women of color feel safe to share their experiences. The narratives about the school are mostly discriminatory and painful, which made it possible to problematize the processes of learning and teaching. The paper concludes by discussing how the autobiographic narratives of Black women in classrooms can help students and teachers to work forward an inclusive education.
Mites associated with Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth (Malpighiaceae) in the state of Pará, Brazil
Authors: Noronha Aloyséia , Mineiro Jeferson L. C. , Ferla Noeli J. , Castro Tatiane M. M. G. , Silva Guilherme L. , Lofego Antônio C. , Azevedo Adria O.
Published: October 2020

The present study evaluated the mite fauna associated with nance, Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, in the state of Pará, Eastern Amazon. Mites were collected from leaves of nance clones in the municipalities of Belém and Tomé-Açu from 2012 to 2014. The collected mites were mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer’s medium. A total of 2,749 mites were collected, distributed in 32 species belonging to eight families, in addition to specimens of the suborder Oribatida, which represented 73% of the total collected. Eighteen species of predators of the families Ascidae, Cunaxidae, Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae are reported. Phytoseiidae was the most diverse family, with ten species, with a predominance of Amblyseius aerialis (Muma, 1955). Thirty-one mite species are new records in B. crassifolia in the state of Pará, and the Tydeidae Afrotydeus kenyensis (Baker, 1970) and Pseudolorryia nicaraguensis (Baker, 1970) are reported for the first time in Brazil.
THE PHENOMENON OF DUALITY (BINARITY) IN THE HISTORICAL AND LEGAL TOPOI OF ANTIENT RUSSIA
Authors: Афанасьевский Вадим Леонидович
Published: October 2020

Предметом анализа статьи является дуальность/бинарность русского правового дискурса в историко-культурном пространстве Руси. Автор исходит из того факта, что в отличие от королевств Западной Европы становление русской правовой традиции было обусловлено отсутствием у русских книжников интереса к абстрактному теоретическому мышлению, в связи с чем византийские юридические кодексы не могли быть освоены и воспринимались как «елинские борзости». По мнению автора, возникновение и становление русской правовой традиции необходимо рассматривать сквозь призму бинарности русской культуры. Это проявилось в диглоссии правового дискурса русичей. Памятники правовой мысли Руси можно четко разделить по сферам регламентации исходя из языка, на котором они были написаны. Собственно русское протоправо было записано на русском языке, в то время как византийские юридические кодексы переводились на церковнославянский язык. Византийское право использовалось в церковных судах для регламентирования отношений церковных людей и для регулирования области администрирования, традиционные же русские нормы (Русская Правда) задействовались в сфере повседневной жизни. Данная дуальность определяла облик русского правового дискурса вплоть до XVII в.

The subject of the article's analysis is the duality/binary of the Russian legal discourse in the historical and cultural space of Russia. Russian legal tradition was formed in contrast to the kingdoms of Western Europe due to the lack of interest in abstract theoretical thinking among Russian scribes, which is why the Byzantine legal codes could not be mastered and were perceived as «ellin sophistications». Russian legal tradition should be viewed through the prism of the binary nature of Russian culture, according to the author. This was manifested in the diglossia of the legal discourse of the Rus. Monuments of legal thought of Russia can be clearly divided into areas of regulation based on the language in which they were written. Russian proto-law was written in Russian, while the Byzantine legal codes were translated into Church Slavonic. Byzantine law was used in Church courts to regulate the relations of Church people and to regulate the field of administration, while traditional Russian norms (Rиsskaya Pravda) were used in the sphere of everyday life. This duality defined the appearance of Russian legal discourse until the 17th century.
PARADOXES OF CRIMINAL POLICY AND LEGAL TECHNIQUE IN THE FIELD OF COUNTERING CRIMES ENCROACHING ON SEXUAL IMMUNITY AND SEXUAL FREEDOM OF THE PERSON
Authors: Неганов Дмитрий Александрович , Насреддинова Кристина Александровна
Published: October 2020

В статье представлено авторское видение наиболее значимых парадоксов современной уголовной политики и юридической техники в сфере противодействия преступлениям, посягающим на половую неприкосновенность и половую свободу личности. Фактическое уничтожение сформированных ранее моральных и культурных ценностей привело к существенному снижению уровня нравственности в современном обществе. Это подтверждается ростом посягательств на выделенные нами объекты уголовно-правовой охраны. Реакция законодателя на происходящее повлекла за собой существенное, концептуальное видоизменение уголовного законодательства в этой области. Кардинально изменена уголовно-правовая концепция, ранее сформированная как в восемнадцатой, так и в двадцать пятой главах Уголовного кодекса России, что породило возникновение ряда существенных парадоксов во взятом для исследования секторе правового регулирования. К основным из них можно отнести коллизионность примечания к ст. 131 УК РФ, пробельность положений ст. 134 УК РФ в части ненаказуемости иных действий сексуальной направленности, проблемы в формировании санкционной политики, а также вопросы конкуренции смежных деяний. В статье не только предпринята попытка их демонстрации, но и представлены пути разрешения.

The article presents the author's vision of the most significant paradoxes of modern criminal policy and legal technique in the field of combating crimes that infringe on sexual integrity and sexual freedom of the individual. The actual destruction of the previously formed moral and cultural values, entailed a significant decrease in the level of morality among the population of Russia. This is confirmed both by a significant increase in encroachments on the objects of criminal law protection that we have identified, and on public morality. The legislator's reaction to what is happening has led to a significant, conceptual modification of the criminal legislation in this area. The criminal law concept, previously formed both in the eighteenth and twenty-fifth chapters of the Criminal Code of Russia, has been radically changed, which has given rise to a number of significant paradoxes in the area taken for research. The main ones include the conflict of laws of the note to Art. 131 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the blankness of the provisions of Art. 134 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with regard to the impunity of other sexual acts, problems in the formation of sanctions policy, as well as issues of competition of related acts. The article not only attempts to demonstrate them, but also ways to resolve them.
ANALYSIS OF SOME PROBLEMS CONCERNING THE EXECUTION OF CORRECTIONAL LABOUR SENTENCES (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF EMPIRICAL STUDY FOR THE PERIOD 2017-2019)
Authors: Симагин Александр Олегович
Published: October 2020

С января 2017 г. судами может быть назначен новый вид уголовного наказания - принудительные работы. За указанный период правоприменители при исполнении данного наказания столкнулись с рядом проблем. Автор статьи на основе данных анкетирования начальников исправительных центров и учреждений, функционирующих как исправительные центры, проводит анализ проблем, связанных с процессом исполнения наказания в виде принудительных работ, и предлагает пути его совершенствования. Исследование поводилось за период с 2017 г. по 2019 г., что позволило автору сравнивать показатели, характеризующие ситуацию при исполнении анализируемого вида наказания. Автором отмечается негативная динамика в указанном процессе, что вызвано в том числе и увеличением количества лиц, осужденных к принудительным работам. В статье представлены данные о видах и количестве преступлений, которые осужденные совершают, находясь в исправительных центрах, а также перечислены виды профилактической работы по недопущению совершения преступлений и правонарушений. Кроме того, автор обосновывает необходимость введения в штатное расписание исправительного центра должность оперуполномоченного сотрудника.

From January 2017, the courts may impose a new type of criminal punishment - forced labour. Certainly, for the specified period law-enforcement bodies have faced a number of problems at execution of the given penalty. In this connection, the author of the article, on the basis of empirical data obtained from a survey of the heads of correctional centres and institutions operating as correctional centres, analyses the difficulties in their work and proposes ways of improving the process of enforcing the penalty of forced labour. The study was conducted in the period from 2017 to 2019, which allowed the author to compare indicators characterizing the situation in the execution of the analyzed type of punishment. The author concludes that there is a negative dynamics in this process, which is caused, among other things, by an increase in the number of persons convicted to forced labor. The article presents data on the types and number of crimes that convicts commit while in correctional centres, and lists types of preventive work to prevent the commission of crimes and offences. In addition, the author justifies the need to introduce the post of an authorized officer in the Correctional Centre's staffing table.