bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Interpreting ‘Peninsula’ and the Japanese 半島 ‘Half-Island’
Authors: dalla Chiesa Simone
Published: July 2023

People interpret unfamiliar compounds by combining the component concepts into a new, complex concept. When the constituents have foreign roots, as happens in English neoclassical compounds and in Japanese words borrowed from Chinese, interpreters must first assign a semantic gloss to each component. The decoding of peninsula and 半島 follows such a pattern. But whilst construing and processing peninsula and the Latin paene īnsula as ‘almost island’ is relatively simple, inferring the denotation of 半島 is more complicated because gloss assignment yields the opaque ‘half-island’. In the end, though, the interpretative process succeeds in this case as well, thanks to world-knowledge validation, and allows interpreters to understand that ‘half-islands’ are not islands at all.
Il flusso inverso. Un primo inquadramento geografico degli italiani di ritorno
Authors: Cristaldi Flavia , Omenetto Silvia
Published: July 2023

The Reverse Flow: A First Geographical Overview of Returning Italians. By historical tradition, the emigration of compatriots is a structural phenomenon. However, as the number of expatriates increases over the last fifteen years, an objectively new fact becomes increasingly evident: a progressive growth of repatriations. Starting from an examination of the geographical literature on the subject, this contribution presents an initial geographical reflection on the areas of origin and the places of new residence of Italians who have returned in recent years, disaggregating the available statistical data (registry entries from abroad of Italian citizens made available by ISTAT and AIRE data provided by the Ministry of the Interior) at a provincial level.
Femmes en migration en Afrique de l’Ouest: un avenir d’émancipation?
Authors: Gamberoni Emanuela , Fall Papa Demba , kamdem Pierre
Published: July 2023

Women in Migration in West Africa: a Future of Emancipation?. This article deals with female cross-border migration in West Africa. It is based on a research project on women migration (2020-2021), coordinated by the Réseau d’Étude des Migrations internationales africaines (REMIGRAF), of the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar. It highlights some results of the research, such as the specificity of the needs, the choices and strategies of women migrants, the adaptive and vulnerability factors, useful to local and regional (i.e. ECOWAS) sustainable public policies.
Perancangan ruang bekerja kreatif masa depan
Authors: Simahendali Elysa Yuanita , Asharhani Imaniar Sofia , Wiranata Alfonsus Grandy
Published: July 2023

Tulisan ini membahas tentang perancangan ruang bekerja dengan tipologi creative hub berbasis karakter generasi masa depan. Perubahan ruang bekerja dipengaruhi oleh tren demografis yang merubah masyarakat secara umum dan kemajuan teknologi yang memudahkan komunikasi. Pada tahun 2020–2030, diperkirakan usia produktif yang siap untuk bekerja akan didominasi oleh generasi milenial. Isu permasalahan muncul saat ruang bekerja konvensional saat ini tidak lagi sesuai dengan karakter generasi tersebut. Melalui eksplorasi tipologi berbagai desain ruang bekerja di Jakarta, Bogor, dan Bandung, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana perancangan sebuah ruang bekerja di masa mendatang mampu mendukung karakter pekerja dalam berbagai aspek, yakni aspek collective, community, connected, costumization, dan confidence. Penelusuran terhadap aspek-aspek tersebut memengaruhi prinsip bekerja, gaya bekerja, preferensi tata ruang, serta minat industri dalam bekerja yang kemudian menjadi kriteria untuk mengembangkan creative hub sebagai pusat kegiatan kreatif. Tulisan ini mengulas perancangan creative hub yang menyenangkan dan ceria sebagai ruang ideal bagi pekerja di masa mendatang sebagai kontribusi terhadap perancangan ruang bekerja di masa depan.
 
This article discusses the development of the workspace design of a creative hub based on the characters of the future generation. Workspace changes are influenced by demographic trends and technology that alter society as a whole. In 2020–2030, it is expected that the productive working generation will be dominated by the millennial. However, the current conventional workspace is not suited to the character of such a generation. Through typological exploration of various creative workspaces in Jakarta, Bogor, and Bandung, this article aims to demonstrate how future workspaces accommodate various aspects of working, from collective, community, connected, customization, and confidence. Investigations towards such aspects shape the working principles, working lifestyle, and space organisation preferences that influence the development criteria of a creative hub as a centre of creative working activities. This article discusses a playful creative hub design as an ideal working space for future generations, as a contribution towards future workspace design.
‘The New Curriculum is a New Baby’: Metaphors of Reform in History Pedagogy
Authors: Chimbi Godsend T. , Jita Loyiso C.
Published: July 2023

Teachers unconsciously, and at times intentionally, use metaphors to graphically image new reform policy. This qualitative multiple case-study explores how secondary school teachers employed metaphors to communicate excitement and/or frustrations with a new history curriculum they were
implementing in Zimbabwe. Findings from semi-structured interviews and lesson observations indicate that, although teachers employed either reform friendly or reform antagonistic metaphors, their metaphoric representations were consistently evolving. The new history curriculum was viewed as
a new baby whose habits everyone was trying to learn. Conversely, it was equated to a dictated peace treaty. The implications of these metaphors are interrogated.
An Ecological Approach to Teacher Agency in English Curriculum Design at Korean Secondary Schools
Authors: Namgung Wook , Moate Josephine , Ruohotie-Lyhty Maria
Published: July 2023

Drawing on an ecological approach to teacher agency, this empirical study investigated the dynamic interplay between teachers and the environment which emerges as teachers enact their professional agency in curriculum design. The dataset comprises semi-structured interviews with 15
Korean secondary English teachers. The findings from the thematic analysis indicate that teacher agency is achieved through the dynamic interplay between teachers and different ecosystems: micro-, meso-, exo-, macro- and chronosystem. This study concludes with practical and theoretical implications
as well as suggestions for future research.
Some Aspects of Seminal Historical Factors that led to the Redress Process in Old Testament Scholarship in South Africa
Authors: Evans Annette Henrietta
Published: July 2023

This article considers certain seminal historical markers of how South Africa arrived at the current state of Old Testament scholarship in South Africa. Taking a lead from Ramantswana’s recent denouement of the development of this discipline in South Africa, this article considers the tasks that lie ahead with due regard to Mosala’s (1986:119) recognition that for liberation theology to be effective, the lingering ideologies that confuse the issue need to be dismantled. Mosala saw the necessity for a methodological framework to undertake a “de-ideologising” hermeneutical project. For instance, the current political clamour for de-colonisation portrays the contribution of the missionaries as negative because, having arrived with colonialism, there is a perception that they colluded in the imperialist exploitation of the indigenous peoples of South Africa. One aspect of “de-ideologising” the lingering social damage is the re-assessment of the positive aspects of the missionary endeavour in the face of the Colonialist drive. Not only did the missionaries bring “knowledge of our high birth-right … We belong to the human family, and are heirs of eternal salvation”, but William Wilcox for instance, facilitated the resistance to the notion of racial and intellectual superiority. It was this resistance which eventually culminated in a peaceful transition to democracy in South Africa. Keywords: Old Testament Scholarship, Colonialism, American Board Missionaries, Congregational Church, John L. Dube, William Wilcox, Natal, ANC
Images of God, the Song of Moses, and Metaphors
Authors: Potgieter Annette
Published: July 2023

This article will investigate the various ways in which God is portrayed in the Song of Moses. The Song of Moses is situated within the liturgical use of early church communities; accordingly, the Song of Moses serves as a particularly good test case for examining the language employed in early Christian communities. The article will use conceptual metaphor theory, tracing the metaphorical patterns that arise within the text to delineate possible conceptual systems. Moreover, the meanings of these cognitive models found in the Song of Moses, particularly as they relate to divine language and imagery (as well as their deployment in ecclesial practices more generally), will be deliberated upon in this essay. Keywords: Metaphors, Song of Moses, Worship, Images of God, Cognitive linguistics
Anatomisation of the Recent Trends in the Role of NGT in Fostering Sustainability and Environmental Justice in India: Challenges and Implications
Authors: Harigovind P. C. , Rakesh P. S.
Published: July 2023

National Green Tribunal is a unique forum for adjudging matters relating to environmental protection, prior to which the same role was played by the higher judiciary exercising constitutional jurisdiction. Hence it is quite obvious to have a concern over the constitution of the Tribunal. The ability of the NGT to upkeep the constitutional right to safeguard the environment is to be experienced from its functioning. Crossing ten years, it is ideal for analyzing the effectiveness of NGT in achieving its mandate. Moreover, the right to environment is a fundamental right and a basic human right inspired by the international community as well as the United Nations documents. Most of the jurisprudence evolved internationally for environmental protection is now incorporated by the Supreme Court into the Indian legal system. Monitoring these fundamental guarantees is also now a promise expected from NGT, and its members are expected to be reasonably competent to upkeep these promises. Analyzing this competency of NGT over this period is significant for numerous reasons.

Addressing the conflict between development and environmental protection is one of the most challenging exercises, both in administrative and in judicial terms. On a close look at the NGT, it can be seen that the role in balancing development and environmental protection is mainly done now by the NGT. The success rate of NGT in drawing the balance will be analyzed in this work. Drawing a balance between development and environmental protection is designing this country's sustainable development concept. Thus, the role of NGT in this dimension also needs to be critically assessed.

In short, this article will try to conceptualize the effectiveness and pitfalls of making legislation like the NGT Act in India. This doctrinal research, with the aid of case laws of the Tribunal as well as the Constitutional Courts of India and research works and books of eminent scholars, can help understand the role played by the NGT in fostering sustainability and environmental justice in India, along with the challenges it faces.
Gallium 68-Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor: PET/CT Improves Diagnosis of Neurocysticercosis
Authors: Moradiya Priyankkumar G. , Mahajan Rahul S. , Solav Shrikant V. , Savale Shailendra V. , Khajindar Gauri S. , Jagtap Rajlaxmi R. , Solav Aman S. , Balani Suresh L.
Published: July 2023

F18-FDG (Fluorine18- fluoro-deoxyglucose) Positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scan (PET/CT Scan) scan shows intense physiologic uptake in the brain parenchyma. This prevents evaluation of small cerebral lesions. Ga-68-FAPI (Gallium68- Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor) does not localize in normal brain parenchyma. Hence, it can detect cerebral lesions which concentrate the tracer. We report a case of neurocysticercosis in a 32 years old female who presented with headache, nausea and one episode of seizure. MRI brain raised possibility of tuberculoma over neurocysticercosis. There was a hypometabolic area in the right temporal lobe as revealed by F-18-FDG PET/CT, with no FDG avid lesions or lymph nodes identified in the body. Ga68-FAPI PET/CT was performed which showed increased tracer uptake within the right temporal lobe lesion. A focal FAPI uptake was also noted in a tiny hypodense lesion in the left internal oblique muscle of abdomen, which showed signal characteristics of intramuscular cysticercosis on limited MRI study.
Seed Pre-Treatment and Early Growth Performance of Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redhead under Nitrogen Amendment in Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria
Authors: Olubode Oluseun Sunday
Published: July 2023

Survival of wildlife in protected areas is dependent on innate attributes and response of vegetation to climate change. Piliostigma thonningii holds promise for wildlife conservation in Old Oyo National Park, but its population is threatened by physical dormancy. There is dearth of information on long-term benefits of its seed pretreatment and early growth response to nitrogen fertilizer. This study assessed effects of acid scarification on germination and early growth of P. thonningii under different nitrogen application rates. Seeds harvested from three purposively selected seasonal wetlands in Old Oyo National Park (OONP) were treated with 1N H2SO4 at durations ranging from 0 – 120 minutes in three replicates. Germinated seeds were enumerated over a 14-day period. Top soils from the wetlands were randomly sampled using soil auger in three replicates for physical and chemical analyses, and for early growth study with Urea fertilizer at rates 0, 50 and 100 kg/ha in experimental pots in completely randomized design. Growth and dry matter were assessed using ANOVA at P.05. Germination commenced in control treatments at 14 days after plating (DAP) and was low (13.3%). Germination progressively increased in acid treatment. At 5 DAP for soaking for 30 minutes gave 46.67%; while it was 96.67% at 40 minutes at 14 DAP. Higher soaking times gave 100% germination by 14 DAP, but with low growth vigor. The response of P. thonningii to Urea application was significantly higher in number of leaves at 12 weeks than in other rates. Other growth parameters are not significantly different at all rates. The biomass yield of P. thonningii was 1.98 g ±0.21and 2.6 g ±0.36 root and shoot dry weights at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS); and 7.3 g ±0.04 root and 6.4 g ±0.95 shoot dry weights at 12 WAS. Piliostigma thonningii can restore and improve wildlife abundance to mitigate climate change effects in the Park.
Influence of Phosphorus and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield and Economics of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Ganesh Are Sai , Debbarma Victor
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P).The soil of the experimental field  was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH7.8), low level of organic carbon (0.62%), available N (225 Kg/ha), P (38.2 kg/ha) and K (240.7 kg/ha). To determine the “Influence of phosphorus and plant growth regulators on growth, yield and economics of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) to study the response of phosphorus levels viz (30 kg/ha), (40 kg/ha) and (50 kg/ha) with combination of 3 plant growth regulators viz. NAA (50ppm), Chlormequat chloride (250 ppm), Triacontanol (500 ppm). The experiment was laid out in RBD with 10 treatments each replicated thrice The results showed that significant and higher plant height (178.10cm), plant dry weight (69.60g) and crop growth rate (5.53 g/m2/day), relative growth rate (0.0058 g/g/day),higher ear head length (26.00 cm),maximum number of grains per ear head (1757.67), higher test weight (11.73 g), higher grain yield (2.69 t/ha), maximum stover yield (4.05 t/ha),higher harvest Index (39.96%),maximum gross return (INR 109625), net return (INR 74389) and B:C ratio (2.11) were observed in treatment 7 (Phosphorous50 kg/ha + NAA50 ppm).
Quantitative Traits Loci Associated with Biotic and Abiotic Resistance in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Kumar Anand , Verma Laxmidas , Singh Anup Pratap , Singh Shubham , Babu Keshav , Kumar Soyal
Published: July 2023

Maize is an essential crop rank first, cultivated all over the world. Maize is being consumed by both humans and animals inspite that it is utilized as an industrial product viz., starch, pharmaceuticals, alcoholic beverages, oil, cosmetics, textiles, etc. In ancient times, landraces were more popular due to presence of more genetic variability, resistant to biotic and abiotic factors and have heterogeneous nature. But due to continuous use of uniform cultivars, landraces were replaced by higher yielder. Modern maize has more homogeneity which is vulnerable to any dangerous pathogen strain. In the current era of molecular markers, DNA markers play an important role to identify diverse germplasm/cultivars. To evaluate the diversity of maize, several mapping populations are developed and used for QTL mapping. Linkage mapping was first used in maize in the 1990s and is still common now along with genome-wide association mapping. Association mapping has been preferred due to the conserved historical linkage disequilibrium and elimination for the construction of a bi-parental mapping population. In this review, we focused, how much work on genome mapping has been done and what is the prospect of genome mapping.
Significance of Weed Flora Identification and its Management on Bt Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Growing Tract of Tungabhadra Command Area
Authors: Sreena K. S. , Yadahalli G. S. , Chittapur B. M. , Ajayakumar M. Y. , Bhat S. N. , Naik Nagaraj
Published: July 2023

Aims: To identify the weed species in Bt cotton under Tunga-bhadra project command area and to study the effect of sequential application of pre- emergent (PE) and post- emergent herbicides (PoE) on weed growth and to know the efficiency of different weed control practices on weed species.

Study Design: The experiment was laid in RBD (Randomized Block Design).

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at ICAR-                                         Krishi Vigyan Kendra farm, UAS, Raichur situated in TBP command area during kharif season of 2018-19.

Methodology: The design was RBD with 11 treatments and replicated thrice. Gross plot size of the field was 7.2 m × 4.8 m and net plot size was 5.4 m ×3.6 m with spacing of 90 x 30 cm. The certified seeds of Jadoo Bt II Cotton with the test weight of 6.5 g was used for sowing. The crop duration was around 6 month

Results: Weed flora present in the Bt cotton field were identified and classified based on their morphology. It was divulged that; dicotyledonous weeds were dominant in cotton field. The sequential applications of metolachlor 50 % EC @ 1000 g a.i. ha-1 as PE fb pyrithiobac sodium 10 EC @ 125 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE @ 2-5 leaf stage of weeds fb Inter cultivation (IC) @ 60 DAS reported lower weed count and weed dry matter and reported the highest weed control efficiency (90.22 %) at harvest than the application of diuron 80 % WP as PE fb @ 1500 g a.i. and pendimethalin Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1250 g a.i. ha-1 as PE followed by pyrithiobac sodium 10 EC @ 125 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE @ 2-5 leaf stage of weeds fb Inter cultivation (IC) @ 60 DAS.

Conclusion:  Application of pre-emergent followed by post emergent herbicides control the early and later flush of weeds. It avoids the emergence of broad spectrum weed flushes and weed shift. Integrated herbicidal application along with intercultural operations was found better in keeping weeds under a threshold than following a single method.
Protective effects of curcumin on kidney tissue in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Sevil Fehim Can , Sevil Hulya , Becit Necip , Tort Mehmet , Aksu Ugur , Saritas Zulfikar Kadir , Demirel Hasan Huseyin , Bulbul Aziz
Published: July 2023

Aim: Kidney damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is a serious clinical problem. Many studies have emphasized the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Curcumin. Material and Methods: Wistar-Albino male rats were divided into three groups. The sham group was the group in which only laparotomy was performed, the IR group was the group in which the infrarenal aorta was clamped after laparotomy and ischemia-reperfusion was created, and the IR+ curcumin group was the group in which intraperitoneal curcumin was given 1 hour before the procedure and the same procedures were repeated with the IR group. After creating the IR, blood and kidney tissue were taken from the rats and biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed. Results: Potassium (p=0.005), urea (p=0.050), and blood urea nitrogen (p=0.050) levels were higher in the IR+curcumin group. While total antioxidant status was found to be high in the IR+curcumin group (p=0.021), there was no difference in total oxidant status across the groups (p=0.069). Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were found to be higher in the IR group (p=0.014, p=0.022, respectively). Tumour necrosis factor-α was higher in the IR group than in other groups (p=0.020). Interferon-γ did not differ across groups (p=0.140). In the histopathological examination, the IR group had more damage to the glomerulus and tubular epithelial cells than the other groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: Curcumin, despite its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics, had no protective effect on renal functions in IR-induced kidney injury. It was found that it suppresses the inflammatory response and is effective in preserving renal tissue structure.
Antegrade and retrograde access in the endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal chronic total occlusions
Authors: Donbaloglu Mehmet Okan , Gürkan Selami , Gur Ozcan
Published: July 2023

Aim: In this study, the aim was to investigate whether antegrade or retrograde approaches are superior in the endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal chronic total occlusions (CTO). Material and Methods: A total of 437 patients who were diagnosed with CTO in the femoropopliteal region and who subsequently underwent endovascular procedures between February 2019 and April 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were grouped as antegrade access and retrograde access. All patients were classified according to the Rutherford and TASC (Transatlantic Intersociety Consensus II) classification. The patients were followed for 2 years. Above-ankle amputation and >50% stenosis in the target vessel were considered a failure. ABI, improvement in clinical symptoms, and limb salvage were evaluated in controls. Results: Antegrade approach was performed in 218 of the endovascular procedures. Antegrade recanalization was successful in 201 patients (92.2%), and failed antegrade attempt was seen in 17 because the lesion could not be crossed. Retrograde approach was used in 197 of endovascular interventions. Successful retrograde recanalization was unsuccessful in 185 patients (93.9%), and retrograde intervention was unsuccessful in 12 patients because the lesion could not be crossed. When the two-year restenosis numbers were examined, it was 61 (30.3%) in the antegrade group, while it was 49 (25.5%) in the retrograde group, and there was a significant difference between the groups. When the one-year stent occlusions between the groups were examined, it was 14 (6.9%) in the antegrade group and 8 (4.1%) in the retrograde group, and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: The retrograde approach is as effective and safe as the antegrade approach in the treatment of femoropopliteal CTO. It should be noted that it can be used as an alternative method without the need for any support device, especially in cases where the antegrade approach is unsuccessful.
Evaluation and Comparison of Ophthalmic Scientific Abstracts and References by Current Artificial Intelligence Chatbots
Authors: Hua Hong-Uyen , Kaakour Abdul-Hadi , Rachitskaya Aleksandra , Srivastava Sunil , Sharma Sumit , Mammo Danny A.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Language-learning model–based artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are growing in popularity and have significant implications for both patient education and academia. Drawbacks of using AI chatbots in generating scientific abstracts and reference lists, including inaccurate content coming from hallucinations (ie, AI-generated output that deviates from its training data), have not been fully explored.

Objective

To evaluate and compare the quality of ophthalmic scientific abstracts and references generated by earlier and updated versions of a popular AI chatbot.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional comparative study used 2 versions of an AI chatbot to generate scientific abstracts and 10 references for clinical research questions across 7 ophthalmology subspecialties. The abstracts were graded by 2 authors using modified DISCERN criteria and performance evaluation scores.

Main Outcome and Measures

Scores for the chatbot-generated abstracts were compared using the t test. Abstracts were also evaluated by 2 AI output detectors. A hallucination rate for unverifiable references generated by the earlier and updated versions of the chatbot was calculated and compared.

Results

The mean modified AI-DISCERN scores for the chatbot-generated abstracts were 35.9 and 38.1 (maximum of 50) for the earlier and updated versions, respectively (P = .30). Using the 2 AI output detectors, the mean fake scores (with a score of 100% meaning generated by AI) for the earlier and updated chatbot-generated abstracts were 65.4% and 10.8%, respectively (P = .01), for one detector and were 69.5% and 42.7% (P = .17) for the second detector. The mean hallucination rates for nonverifiable references generated by the earlier and updated versions were 33% and 29% (P = .74).

Conclusions and Relevance

Both versions of the chatbot generated average-quality abstracts. There was a high hallucination rate of generating fake references, and caution should be used when using these AI resources for health education or academic purposes.
Filling the Gap: Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters‐Induced Z‐Scheme Photosystem toward Robust and Stable Solar Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Yan Xian , Fu Xiao‐Yan , Xiao Fang‐Xing
Published: July 2023

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) represent a promising generation of metal nanomaterial because of characteristic atomic stacking mode, abundant catalytic active sites, and molecular‐like discrete energy band structure. However, crafting metal NCs‐dominated photocatalytic systems with mediated charge transport pathways for photoredox catalysis is in the infant stage and their photocatalytic mechanisms remain elusive, which is largely hampered by the ultra‐short charge lifetime, generic instability, and complicated electronic structure of metal NCs. In this study, the smart construction of all‐solid‐state metal NCs‐transition metal chalcogenides quantum dots (TMCs QDs) Z‐scheme artificial photosystems for robust and stable solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion is demonstrated. The concurrent favorable photosensitization efficiency of metal NCs and TMCs QDs synergistically stimulate the unexpected Z‐scheme charge transport pathway, which significantly boosts the anisotropic spatial vectorial charge transport/separation, giving rise to considerably enhanced visible‐light‐responsive photocatalytic hydrogen generation performances along with favorable stability. This study would push forward the prosperity of exploring metal NCs‐based photosystems for solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion.
Nacre‐Inspired Metal‐Organic Framework Coatings Reinforced by Multiscale Hierarchical Cross‐linking for Integrated Antifouling and Anti‐Microbial Corrosion
Authors: Yu Zhiqun , Li Xiangyu , Li Xianghong , Zheng Borui , Li Dianzhong , Xu Dake , Wang Fuhui
Published: July 2023

A long‐standing quest in marine materials science has been the development of tough and effective antifouling coatings for diverse surface protection. However, most commercial coatings are severely limited by poor mechanical behavior and unsustainable passive biocidal effect, leading to irreversible marine biofouling and even microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Herein, inspired by the amorphous/crystalline feature within nacreous platelets, a mechanically robust antifouling coating composed of biopolymer‐based hydrogel and dense metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is developed. Tailoring the cross‐linked networks across multiscale interfaces can furnish strength, dissipate strain, and improve toughness of the building blocks, resulting in a firm and scalable configuration on various substrates regardless of material category and surface topology. The resultant coating as a suitable reservoir exhibits a unique active defensive behavior of intelligent MOF degradation or drug release, enabling a groundbreaking performance for broad‐spectrum biofouling and corrosion control. Notably, neither attachment of marine organisms nor MIC of metal substrates is observed and aggravated during the prolonged testing process in complex biological environments. This study provides distinctive insights into the underlying multimechanisms of comprehensive anti‐fouling‐corrosion and pioneer a rational strategy to design next‐generation reliable MOFs‐derived coatings in marine environments.
Interface‐Targeting Individually Functionalized Ionic Additive to Construct Stable Interphase on Selective Electrode Surface for Practical Lithium‐Ion Pouch Cells
Authors: Kim Wontak , Kim Tae Hyeon , Yu Jisang , Kim Young‐Jun , Kim Ki Jae , Kim Hyun‐seung
Published: July 2023

Individually functionalized cation‐ and anion‐based ionic additives are designed to mitigate the interfacial side reaction occurring on both the positive and negative electrode surfaces. By applying 1‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazole‐3‐ium trifluoromethanesulfonate as a surface‐targeting electrolyte additive, the reciprocal failure from multiple electrolyte addition applications is theoretically prevented. Selective interface modification is performed using ionic additives by the migration of cations and anions to the negative and positive electrode surfaces, respectively. A drastic improvement in cycleability compared with that by a general carbonate electrolyte is achieved because the reinforcement of both the graphite and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 electrode surface is possible by ionic additives. Moreover, a further improvement in the cycle performance compared with that by the typical solid electrolyte interphase‐forming additives, such as vinylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate, is demonstrated by the ionic additive.
Pressure/Temperature Dual‐Responsive Cellulose Nanocrystal Hydrogels for On‐Demand Schemochrome Patterning
Authors: Li Xinkai , Liu Jize , Zhang Xinxing
Published: July 2023

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) based optical devices with adjustable schemochrome have attracted immense interest. However, most of the previously reported structural colored CNC‐based materials can only achieve simple stress‐induced color change, which have difficulty achieving multimode control of complex patterning that can be accurately identified. Here, inspired by the nanostructure‐based color‐changing mechanism of neon tetra, this study presents a pressure/temperature dual‐responsive CNC‐based schemochrome hydrogel with adjustable dynamic chiral nematic structure. By incorporating abundant interfacial noncovalent interactions, dynamic correlations between adjustable helical pitch of the vertically stacked cholesteric liquid crystalline (LC) phase and responsiveness of flexible thermosensitive substrate are established, which further enable wide‐range optical characteristic (12°–213° in HSV color model and 421–734 nm in the UV–Vis spectra) and identifiable visualized patterning. The resultant hydrogels are applied in proof‐of‐concept demonstrations of on‐demand schemochrome patterning, including customizable patterned dual‐encryption label, smart digital display, temperature monitor, and intelligent recognition/control system. This study envisages that the bioinspired construction of structural colored nanomaterials will have promising applications in smart responsive photonic equipment including smart display, anticounterfeiting, and intelligent control systems.
Wearable Sensors Based on Atomically Thin P‐Type Semiconductors
Authors: Jiang Jing , Zhang Ruifang , Wu Wenzhuo
Published: July 2023

2D materials have exceptional physical and chemical characteristics, which makes them attractive for wearable technology. These characteristics include high carrier mobility, outstanding mechanical performance, abundant chemistry, and excellent electrostatic tunability. However, due to the high electron doping effect of interfacial charge impurities and intrinsic defects, most reported 2D materials are n‐type. Complementary electronic devices and high‐performance wearable sensors necessitate the development ofp‐type 2D semiconductors, which have superior electrocatalytic performance in oxidative processes compared to their n‐type counterparts. This review paper thoroughly accounts for recent advancements in 2Dp‐type semiconductor‐based wearable sensors, covering basic understandings, synthesis and fabrication, functional devices, and sensor performance insights. Finally, challenges and future opportunities for 2Dp‐type semiconductor‐based wearable sensors are discussed.
Light‐Responsive Nematic Colloids and Colloidal Crystals
Authors: Sudhakaran Devika Venkuzhy , Sahu Dinesh Kumar , Haba Osamu , Dhara Surajit
Published: July 2023

Rational control over the periodic arrangement of particles by means of external stimuli is a technologically important aspect of colloidal science with important physical underpinnings. Here, robust structural control of particle assemblies in a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) is demonstrated by dissolving trace amounts of light‐responsive azo‐dendrimer molecules, which spontaneously get adsorbed on the particle surface. The azo‐dendrimer molecules in the presence of external UV irradiation undergo conformational change (trans‐cis); as a result, they transmit the mechanical torque to surrounding LC molecules and alter the near‐field director orientation. The director re‐orientation at the surface of the particles causes topological defect transformation, which involves elastic dipoles, quadrupoles, and hexadecapoles. The defect transformation can be emulated in colloidal assemblies toward different purposes such as rotation of chains and restructuring of 2D colloidal crystals. In this study, various topological aspects of light‐activated defect transformation and its application in the collective manipulation of colloidal assemblies are presented.
Sex and APOE ε4 carrier effects on atrophy, amyloid PET, and tau PET burden in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Nemes Sára , Logan Paige E. , Manchella Mohit K. , Mundada Nidhi S. , La Joie Renaud , Polsinelli Angelina J. , Hammers Dustin B. , Koeppe Robert A. , Foroud Tatiana M. , Nudelman Kelly N. , Eloyan Ani , Iaccarino Leonardo , Dorsant‐Ardón Valérie , Taurone Alexander , Thangarajah Maryanne , Dage Jeffery L. , Aisen Paul , Grinberg Lea T. , Jack Clifford R. , Kramer Joel , Kukull Walter A. , Murray Melissa E. , Rumbaugh Malia , Soleimani‐Meigooni David N. , Toga Arthur , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Vemuri Prashanthi , Atri Alireza , Day Gregory S. , Duara Ranjan , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Honig Lawrence S. , Jones David T. , Masdeu Joseph , Mendez Mario F. , Musiek Erik , Onyike Chiadi U. , Riddle Meghan , Rogalski Emily , Salloway Stephen , Sha Sharon J. , Turner Raymond S. , Wingo Thomas S. , Womack Kyle B. , Wolk David A. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Carrillo Maria C. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Apostolova Liana G. ,   LEADS Consortium
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION

We used sex and apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) carrier status as predictors of pathologic burden in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD).

METHODS

We included baseline data from 77 cognitively normal (CN), 230 EOAD, and 70 EO non‐Alzheimer's disease (EOnonAD) participants from the Longitudinal Early‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS). We stratified each diagnostic group by males and females, then further subdivided each sex by APOE ε4 carrier status and compared imaging biomarkers in each stratification. Voxel‐wise multiple linear regressions yielded statistical brain maps of gray matter density, amyloid, and tau PET burden.

RESULTS

EOAD females had greater amyloid and tau PET burdens than males. EOAD female APOE ε4 non‐carriers had greater amyloid PET burdens and greater gray matter atrophy than female ε4 carriers. EOnonAD female ε4 non‐carriers also had greater gray matter atrophy than female ε4 carriers.

DISCUSSION

The effects of sex and APOE ε4 must be considered when studying these populations.

HIGHLIGHTS

Novel analysis examining the effects of biological sex and apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) carrier status on neuroimaging biomarkers among early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), early‐onset non‐AD (EOnonAD), and cognitively normal (CN) participants.

Female sex is associated with greater pathology burden in the EOAD cohort compared to male sex.

The effect of APOE ε4 carrier status on pathology burden was the most impactful in females across all cohorts.
Impact of sharing Alzheimer's disease biomarkers with individuals without dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of empirical data
Authors: van der Schaar Jetske , Visser Leonie N. C. , Ket Johannes C. F. , Groot Colin , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Scheltens Philip , Bredenoord Annelien L. , van den Hoven Mariëtte A. , van der Flier Wiesje M.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

We conducted a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis of empirical evidence on expected and experienced implications of sharing Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker results with individuals without dementia.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Results from included studies were synthesized, and quantitative data on psychosocial impact were meta‐analyzed using a random‐effects model.

Results

We included 35 publications. Most personal stakeholders expressed interest in biomarker assessment. Learning negative biomarker results led to relief and sometimes frustration, while positive biomarkers induced anxiety but also clarity. Meta‐analysis of five studies including 2012 participants (elevated amyloid = 1324 [66%], asymptomatic = 1855 [92%]) showed short‐term psychological impact was not significant (random‐effect estimate = 0.10, standard error = 0.23, P = 0.65). Most professional stakeholders valued biomarker testing, although attitudes and practices varied considerably.

Discussion

Interest in AD biomarker testing was high and sharing their results did not cause psychological harm.

Highlights

Most personal stakeholders expressed interest in Alzheimer's disease biomarker assessment.

Personal motivations included gaining insight, improving lifestyle, or preparing for the future.

There was no short‐term psychological impact of sharing biomarker status, implying it can be safe.

Most professional stakeholders valued biomarker testing, believing the benefits outweigh the risk.

Harmonized guidelines on biomarker testing and sharing results are required.
Novel methodology for detection and prediction of mild cognitive impairment using resting‐state EEG
Authors: Deng Jinxian , Sun Boxin , Kavcic Voyko , Liu Mingyan , Giordani Bruno , Li Tongtong
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Early discrimination and prediction of cognitive decline are crucial for the study of neurodegenerative mechanisms and interventions to promote cognitive resiliency.

METHODS

Our research is based on resting‐state electroencephalography (EEG) and the current dataset includes 137 consensus‐diagnosed, community‐dwelling Black Americans (ages 60–90 years, 84 healthy controls [HC]; 53 mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) recruited through Wayne State University and Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. We conducted multiscale analysis on time‐varying brain functional connectivity and developed an innovative soft discrimination model in which each decision on HC or MCI also comes with a connectivity‐based score.

RESULTS

The leave‐one‐out cross‐validation accuracy is 91.97% and 3‐fold accuracy is 91.17%. The 9 to 18 months’ progression trend prediction accuracy over an availability‐limited subset sample is 84.61%.

CONCLUSION

The EEG‐based soft discrimination model demonstrates high sensitivity and reliability for MCI detection and shows promising capability in proactive prediction of people at risk of MCI before clinical symptoms may occur.
Study of the Deflection Angle and Shadow of Black Hole Solutions in Non‐Plasma and Plasma Mediums Under the Effect of Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet Gravity
Authors: Ali Riasat , Awais Muhammad , Mahmood Asif
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the Gibbons and Werner technique is used to calculate the weak deflection angle for the black hole solution under the effects of Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity. The Gauss–Bonnet theorem in the limits of weak field is used to evaluate the Gaussian optical curvature in order to obtain the results. The visual effects of the deflection angle on the impact parameter is also looked at and the smallest radius in the non‐plasma/plasma medium. Moreover, in order to check the consistency of the results concerning the weak deflection angle, the Keeton and Petters approach is applied to study the deflection angle, which is the expansion of series with a single mass variable, which can be directly addressed by using the post–post Newtonian framework. Furthermore, the deflection angle and shadow under the influence of the plasma is examined by using the motion of particle in a non‐magnetized plasma and pressure‐free plasma medium as described by the new ray‐tracing algorithm. It is shown that plasma as well as Einstein–Gauss‐Bonnet gravity corrections are affected by shadows.
Gradually Tuning the Flexibility of Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks via Stepwise Structural Transformation and Their Flexibility‐Dependent Properties
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Bei , Sun Hui‐Hui , Qi Qiao‐Yan , Zhao Xin
Published: July 2023

Flexible covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are intriguing for their dynamic properties distinctive from rigid counterparts but still suffer from limited accessibility. Especially, controlling flexibility of COFs is challenging and the impact of different flexibility on properties of COFs has rarely been unveiled. This article reports stepwise adjustment on flexibility of two‐dimensional COFs, which is realized by the designed synthesis of rigid COF (R‐COF), semi‐flexible COF (SF‐COF), and flexible COF (F‐COF) through polymerization, linker exchange, and linkage conversion with a newly developed method for reduction of hydrazone, respectively. Significant difference in breathing behavior and self‐adaptive capability of the three COFs are uncovered through vapor response and iodine capture experiments. Gas sorption experiments indicate that the porosity of F‐COF could switch from “close” state in nitrogen to “open” state in carbon dioxide, which are not observed for R‐COF and SF‐COF. This study not only develops a strategy to adjust the flexibility of COFs by tuning their linkers and linkages, but also provides a deep insight into the impact of different flexibility on properties of COFs, which lays a foundation for the development of this new class of dynamic porous materials.
Rapid Ozone Decomposition over Water‐activated Monolithic MoO3/Graphdiyne Nanowalls under High Humidity
Authors: Zhu Yuhua , Yang Leyi , Ma Jiami , Fang Yarong , Yang Ji , Chen Xiaoping , Zheng Juan , Zhang Shuhong , Chen Wei , Pan Chuanqi , Zhang Baojian , Qiu Xiaofeng , Luo Zhu , Wang Jinlong , Guo Yanbing
Published: July 2023

Catalytic ozone (O3) decomposition at high relative humidity (RH) remains a great challenge due to the catalysts poison and deactivation under high humidity. Here, we firstly elaborate the role of water activation and the corresponding mechanism of the promoted O3 decomposition over the three‐dimensional monolithic molybdenum oxide/graphdiyne (MoO3/GDY) catalyst. The O3 decomposition over MoO3/GDY reaches up to 100 % under high humid condition (75 % RH) at room temperature, which is 4.0 times as high as that of dry conditions, significantly surpasses other carbon‐based MoO3 materials(≤7.1 %). The sp‐hybridized carbon in GDY donates electrons to MoO3 along the C−O−Mo bond, facilitating water activation to form hydroxyl species. As a result, hydroxyl species dissociated from water act as new active sites, promoting the adsorption of O3 and the generation of new intermediate species (hydroxyl ⋅OH and superoxo ⋅O2−), which significantly lowers the energy barriers of O3 decomposition (0.57 eV lower than dry conditions).
Effect of protonic acid concentration on electrical properties of fly ash magnetic beads/polyaniline composites
Authors: Tao Yulun , Lv Yinru , Li Dawei , Li Shuo , Chen Lin , Fan Xingwen , Liu Fuchen
Published: July 2023

Magnetic polyaniline nanofibers were synthesized by oxidative polymerization using protonic acid and fly ash magnetic beads as dopants and ammonium persulfate as oxidant. The synthesized magnetic polyaniline was characterized by FT‐IR, UV, XRD and SEM, and its morphology and structure were revealed. Polyaniline magnetic electrodes were prepared by pressing method, and their electrochemical properties were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge–discharge methods. The capacities of polyaniline powders doped with optimal concentration of hydrochloric acid and p‐toluene sulfonic acid at current density of 1 A/g were 250.75 and 410.5 F/g, respectively. The magnetic polyaniline doped with optimal acid concentration has good conductivity through impedance measurement analysis. A smooth and uniform film was prepared by pressing magnetic polyaniline powder and its photosensitivity was observed under different monochromatic illumination. The results show that the current and voltage have a linear relationship and that different monochromatic light energies can be distinguished significantly with the increase of voltage.
Successful preparation of polyaniline‐modified polystyrene novel composite membrane
Authors: Sichali Atusaye G. , Noby Hussien , Naragino Hiroshi , Yoshitake Tsuyoshi , El‐Shazly Ahmed H.
Published: July 2023

This work describes the polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles' impregnation into the polystyrene (PS) membrane and its impact on the different membrane properties for the first time. PANI nanoparticles were synthesized separately using the oxidative polymerization technique and then impregnated into the polystyrene‐DMF matrix solution. Membranes were cast via the Non‐Solvent Induced Phase Separation (NIPS) process. The surface and structural properties of the fabricated membranes were thoroughly characterized using contact angle measurement (CA), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and the mechanical characteristics of the membrane were also investigated. According to the CA results, the addition of PANI in the matrix improved the polystyrene membrane's hydrophilicity from 65° to 54.5°. The FTIR spectra revealed that the PANI nanoparticles were successfully impregnated into the PS matrix. SEM images illustrated that the porosity of the PANI‐modified membrane was enhanced by 50% compared to the pristine PS membrane. Furthermore, adding PANI to the PS membrane significantly reduced the average pore size. The filtration experiment showed that PANI modified membrane had 81% rejection of MO dye as compared to the pristine PS membrane which had 60%. Therefore, The PANI added to the PS membrane greatly enhanced the PS membrane's structural properties.