bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Retention in First Grade on Parents’ Educational Expectations and Children’s Academic Outcomes
Authors: Hughes Jan N. , Kwok Oi-Man , Im Myung Hee
Published: June 2013

The effect of retention in first grade (Year 1) on parents’ educational expectations was tested in a sample of 530 ethnically diverse and academically at risk children. Participants attended one of three school districts in Texas. Of the 530 children, 118 were retained in first grade. Retention had a negative effect on parent expectations in Year 2, which was maintained in Year 3. Year 2 parent expectations partially mediated the effect of retention in first grade on Year 3 reading and math achievement and child academic self-efficacy. All effects controlled for Year 1 measures of the outcome. Results were similar across gender, economic adversity, and ethnicity. Implications for minimizing the negative effect of retention on parents’ expectations are suggested.
Critical Pedagogy Enacted in the Gay–Straight Alliance
Authors: Mayo J. B.
Published: June 2013

Critical pedagogy, combined with partnerships with adults at school, enabled the Gay–Straight Alliance (GSA) advisor to create the foundation for reflective, activist-oriented learning at one Midwestern high school. Underreported in current literature, the use of critical pedagogy in school clubs and/or organizations has broad implications for teachers and teacher educators. Informed by the tenets of critical multiculturalism, this study draws on ethnographic fieldwork from one school year and in-depth interviews with students and the GSA advisor. Data reveal that the GSA advisor’s unique conception of critical pedagogy is characterized by expanding students’ knowledge, facilitating students’ activism, and encouraging students’ reflection on significant interactions with peers and family. The author concludes that these pedagogical practices play a key role in creating a long-term GSA, where engaged student learning combined with activism promote a “third space” in teacher development.
The Prospect of Market-Driven Improvements in Animal Welfare: Lessons from the Case of Grass Milk in Denmark
Authors: Heerwagen Lennart , Christensen Tove , Sandøe Peter
Published: June 2013

Citizens in many European countries urge that the welfare of farm animals should be improved. Policy-makers propose that this could, at least to some extent, be achieved through increased consumption of animal products produced under labeling schemes guaranteeing higher standards of animal welfare. Yet considerable uncertainties exist about the ability of the market to promote animal welfare. So far the consumption of most welfare-friendly products has been limited, and the impact of driving and limiting factors is poorly understood. Reviewing market studies, we identify the factors that have shaped the relatively successful market for grass milk in Denmark. We conclude that the positive drivers such as an appealing animal welfare attribute and animal welfare being bundled with other qualities are essentially the same as those operating in connection with less successful animal welfare-friendly products. It is therefore to be expected that other animal welfare-friendly food products marketed via “natural behaviors” in the farm animals will catch the interest of consumers. However, grass milk consumption has been supported by proper labeling, ready availability and low price premiums as well as multifaceted public support. This suggests that successful cases require the joint presence of a number of positive drivers as well as low consumption barriers.
Mesozoic–Cenozoic Evolution of the Western Margin of South America: Case Study of the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Pfiffner O. , Gonzalez Laura
Published: June 2013

Based on the structural style and physiographic criteria, the Central Andes of Peru can be divided into segments running parallel to the Pacific coast. The westernmost segment, the Coastal Belt, consists of a Late Jurassic–Cretaceous volcanic arc sequence that was accreted to the South American craton in Cretaceous times. The Mesozoic strata of the adjacent Western Cordillera represent an ENE-vergent fold-and-thrust belt that formed in Eocene times. Tight upright folds developed above a shallow detachment horizon in the West, while more open folds formed above a deeper detachment horizon towards the East and in the neighboring Central Highlands. A completely different style with steeply dipping reverse faults and open folds affecting the Neoproterozoic crystalline basement is typical for the Eastern Cordillera. The Subandean Zone is characterized by mainly NE-vergent imbricate thrusting which occurred in Neogene times. A quantitative estimate of the shortening of the orogen obtained from balanced cross-sections indicates a total shortening of 120–150 km (24%–27%). This shortening was coevel with the Neogene westward drift of South America, occurred at rates between 3 and 4.7 mm/year and was responsible for the high elevation of the Peruvian Andes.
Road Traffic Noise and Annoyance: A Quantification of the Effect of Quiet Side Exposure at Dwellings
Authors: De Kluizenaar Yvonne , Janssen Sabine , Vos Henk , Salomons Erik , Zhou Han , Van den Berg Frits
Published: June 2013

Previous studies indicate that residents may benefit from a “quiet side” to their dwellings. The influence of the level of road traffic noise exposure at the least exposed side on road traffic noise annoyance was studied in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Road traffic noise exposure was assessed at the most and least exposed façade (Lden,most and Lden,least respectively) of dwellings for subjects in a population based survey (N = 1,967). It was investigated if and to what extent relative quietness at the least exposed façade affected the level of road traffic noise annoyance by comparing two groups: (1) The subgroup with a relatively quiet façade; (2) the subgroup without a relatively quiet façade (large versus small difference in exposure between most and least exposed façade; DIF ≥ 10 dB and DIF < 10 dB respectively). In addition, it was investigated if and to what extent Lden,least affected the level of road traffic noise annoyance. Results indicate a significantly lower road traffic noise annoyance score at a given Lden,most, in the subgroup with DIF ≥ 10 dB versus DIF < 10 dB. Furthermore, results suggest an effect of Lden,least independent of Lden,most. The estimated size of the effect expressed in an equivalent change in Lden,most approximated 5 dB for both the difference between the two subgroups (DIF ≥ 10 dB and DIF < 10 dB), and for a 10 dB change in Lden,least.
Phospholipids at the Interface: Current Trends and Challenges
Authors: Pichot Roman , Watson Richard , Norton Ian
Published: June 2013

Phospholipids are one of the major structural elements of biological membranes. Due to their amphiphilic character, they can adopt various molecular assemblies when dispersed in water, such as bilayer vesicles or micelles, which give them unique interfacial properties and render them very attractive in terms of foam or emulsion stabilization. This article aims at reviewing the properties of phospholipids at the air/water and oil/water interfaces, as well as the recent advances in using these natural components as stabilizers, alone or in combination with other compounds such as proteins. A discussion regarding the challenges and opportunities offered by phospholipids-stabilized structure concludes the review.
Photochemical Production and Behavior of Hydroperoxyacids in Heterotrophic Bacteria Attached to Senescent Phytoplanktonic Cells
Authors: Petit Morgan , Sempéré Richard , Vaultier Frédéric , Rontani Jean-François
Published: June 2013

The photooxidation of cellular monounsaturated fatty acids was investigated in senescent phytoplanktonic cells (Emiliania huxleyi) and in their attached bacteria under laboratory controlled conditions. Our results indicated that UV-visible irradiation of phytodetritus induced the photooxidation of oleic (produced by phytoplankton and bacteria) and cis-vaccenic (specifically produced by bacteria) acids. These experiments confirmed the involvement of a substantial singlet oxygen transfer from senescent phytoplanktonic cells to attached bacteria, and revealed a significant correlation between the concentration of chlorophyll, a photosensitizer, in the phytodetritus and the photodegradation state of bacteria. Hydroperoxyacids (fatty acid photoproducts) appeared to be quickly degraded to ketoacids and hydroxyacids in bacteria and in phytoplanktonic cells. This degradation involves homolytic cleavage (most likely induced by UV and/or transition metal ions) and peroxygenase activity (yielding epoxy acids).
Mössbauer Spectroscopy Studies on Magnetic Properties for 57Fe-substituted Ni-Mn-Sn Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Umetsu Rie , Sano Kenji , Fukushima Kouji , Kanomata Takeshi , Taniguchi Yusuke , Amako Yasushi , Kainuma Ryosuke
Published: June 2013

In order to investigate the Fe substituted effects on the magnetic properties of the Ni-Mn-Sn metamagnetic shape memory alloys, magnetization and the Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements were carried out with using 57Fe-doped specimens of Ni2Mn1.48−x57FexSn0.52 (x = 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08). Singlet-type Mössbauer spectra were clearly observed for x = 0.02 and 0.04 just below the martensitic transformation temperature, TM, and above the Curie temperature, TC, in the austenite phase. It was clear that the magnetic state in the martensite phase just below TM was paramagnetic for x = 0.02 and 0.04. In further doped 57Fe to Ni2Mn1.48Sn0.52, TC in the austenite phase slightly increased. However, the value of TM significantly decreased. As a result, martensite phase with small spontaneous magnetization directly transformed to the ferromagnetic austenite phase during heating for x = 0.08. These results obtained from the Mössbauer spectra were consistent with the results of the magnetic measurements in this study and the phase diagram reported by Fukushima et al. for normal Fe-doped Ni2Mn1.48−xFexSn0.52 alloys. The breakdown of the general rule, in which the ferromagnetic shape memory alloys with larger value of the valence electrons per atom, e/a, showed higher TM, was also appeared in Ni2Mn1.48−xFexSn0.52 alloys, being similar to Ni2Mn1−xFexGa alloys.
89Zr, a Radiometal Nuclide with High Potential for Molecular Imaging with PET: Chemistry, Applications and Remaining Challenges
Authors: Fischer Gabriel , Seibold Uwe , Schirrmacher Ralf , Wängler Björn , Wängler Carmen
Published: June 2013

Molecular imaging—and especially Positron Emission Tomography (PET)—is of increasing importance for the diagnosis of various diseases and thus is experiencing increasing dissemination. Consequently, there is a growing demand for appropriate PET tracers which allow for a specific accumulation in the target structure as well as its visualization and exhibit decay characteristics matching their in vivo pharmacokinetics. To meet this demand, the development of new targeting vectors as well as the use of uncommon radionuclides becomes increasingly important. Uncommon nuclides in this regard enable the utilization of various selectively accumulating bioactive molecules such as peptides, antibodies, their fragments, other proteins and artificial structures for PET imaging in personalized medicine. Among these radionuclides, 89Zr (t1/2 = 3.27 days and mean Eβ+ = 0.389 MeV) has attracted increasing attention within the last years due to its favorably long half-life, which enables imaging at late time-points, being especially favorable in case of slowly-accumulating targeting vectors. This review outlines the recent developments in the field of 89Zr-labeled bioactive molecules, their potential and application in PET imaging and beyond, as well as remaining challenges.
Peculiarities of Enhancing Resistant Starch in Ruminants Using Chemical Methods: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Deckardt Kathrin , Khol-Parisini Annabella , Zebeli Qendrim
Published: June 2013

High-producing ruminants are fed high amounts of cereal grains, at the expense of dietary fiber, to meet their high energy demands. Grains consist mainly of starch, which is easily degraded in the rumen by microbial glycosidases, providing energy for rapid growth of rumen microbes and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) as the main energy source for the host. Yet, low dietary fiber contents and the rapid accumulation of SCFA lead to rumen disorders in cattle. The chemical processing of grains has become increasingly important to confer their starch resistances against rumen microbial glycosidases, hence generating ruminally resistant starch (RRS). In ruminants, unlike monogastric species, the strategy of enhancing resistant starch is useful, not only in lowering the amount of carbohydrate substrates available for digestion in the upper gut sections, but also in enhancing the net hepatic glucose supply, which can be utilized by the host more efficiently than the hepatic gluconeogenesis of SCFA. The use of chemical methods to enhance the RRS of grains and the feeding of RRS face challenges in the practice; therefore, the present article attempts to summarize the most important achievements in the chemical processing methods used to generate RRS, and review advantages and challenges of feeding RRS to ruminants
An Optimized Handover Scheme with Movement Trend Awareness for Body Sensor Networks
Authors: Sun Wen , Zhang Zhiqiang , Ji Lianying , Wong Wai-Choong
Published: June 2013

When a body sensor network (BSN) that is linked to the backbone via a wireless network interface moves from one coverage zone to another, a handover is required to maintain network connectivity. This paper presents an optimized handover scheme with movement trend awareness for BSNs. The proposed scheme predicts the future position of a BSN user using the movement trend extracted from the historical position, and adjusts the handover decision accordingly. Handover initiation time is optimized when the unnecessary handover rate is estimated to meet the requirement and the outage probability is minimized. The proposed handover scheme is simulated in a BSN deployment area in a hospital environment in UK. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the outage probability by 22% as compared with the existing hysteresis-based handover scheme under the constraint of acceptable handover rate.
Optoacoustic Imaging and Tomography: Reconstruction Approaches and Outstanding Challenges in Image Performance and Quantification
Authors: Lutzweiler Christian , Razansky Daniel
Published: June 2013

This paper comprehensively reviews the emerging topic of optoacoustic imaging from the image reconstruction and quantification perspective. Optoacoustic imaging combines highly attractive features, including rich contrast and high versatility in sensing diverse biological targets, excellent spatial resolution not compromised by light scattering, and relatively low cost of implementation. Yet, living objects present a complex target for optoacoustic imaging due to the presence of a highly heterogeneous tissue background in the form of strong spatial variations of scattering and absorption. Extracting quantified information on the actual distribution of tissue chromophores and other biomarkers constitutes therefore a challenging problem. Image quantification is further compromised by some frequently-used approximated inversion formulae. In this review, the currently available optoacoustic image reconstruction and quantification approaches are assessed, including back-projection and model-based inversion algorithms, sparse signal representation, wavelet-based approaches, methods for reduction of acoustic artifacts as well as multi-spectral methods for visualization of tissue bio-markers. Applicability of the different methodologies is further analyzed in the context of real-life performance in small animal and clinical in-vivo imaging scenarios.
Interplay of ortho- with spiro-cyclisation during iminyl radical closures onto arenes and heteroarenes
Authors: McBurney Roy T , Walton John C
Published: June 2013

Sensitised photolyses of ethoxycarbonyl oximes of aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones yielded iminyl radicals, which were characterised by EPR spectroscopy. Iminyls with suitably placed arene or heteroarene acceptors underwent cyclisations yielding phenanthridine-type products from ortho-additions. For benzofuran and benzothiophene acceptors, spiro-cyclisation predominated at low temperatures, but thermodynamic control ensured ortho-products, benzofuro- or benzothieno-isoquinolines, formed at higher temperatures. Estimates by steady-state kinetic EPR established that iminyl radical cyclisations onto aromatics took place about an order of magnitude more slowly than prototypical C-centred radicals. The cyclisation energetics were investigated by DFT computations, which gave insights into factors influencing the two cyclisation modes.
Iglesias y dinámicas sociopolíticas en el paisaje gallego de los siglos V-VIII
Authors: Sánchez Pardo José Carlos
Published: June 2013

A partir de la recopilación y análisis previo de las evidencias arqueológicas conocidas sobre edificios eclesiásticos en Galicia entre el fin del Imperio romano y la consolidación del Reino Astur y de su papel en el paisaje, se reflexiona aquí sobre los procesos sociales que estas fundaciones parecen reflejar en cada momento. El objetivo principal no es tanto el de ofrecer un estudio exhaustivo de la sociedad ni la vida eclesiástica de este período, sino el de reflexionar desde una perspectiva amplia y comparativa sobre el significado e importancia de las fundaciones de iglesias entre los siglos V y VIII en esta zona «periférica» del mundo tardoantiguo y altomedieval. Desde esta perspectiva podemos distinguir dos grandes etapas que corresponden, aproximadamente, a dos grandes procesos y contextos históricos. En primer lugar, el apogeo de los poderes supralocales, especialmente episcopales, en relación con la pervivencia de las estructuras socioeconómicas tardorromanas, y su control de la construcción de iglesias hasta aproximadamente la mitad del siglo VII. Posteriormente, el definitivo fin del paisaje tardorromano y la fragmentación política que lo acompaña sacarán a la luz un mayor protagonismo de las élites locales en la creación de iglesias. Este cambio se representa principalmente en la figura de los monasterios, como focos de estabilización en esta etapa de transición sociopolítica.
(Dé)classer la “médecine populaire” en Suisse: de la suspicion de charlatanisme à la reconnaissance patrimoniale
Authors: Perrin Julie
Published: June 2013

En caractérisant le patrimoine culturel immatériel (PCI) comme « creuset de la diversité culturelle », l’UNESCO a démontré sa volonté de reconnaître les pratiques culturelles marginalisées. Cependant, le processus d’identification mené par les Etats parties dans le cadre de la Convention 2003 tend à exclure certaines expressions du PCI. Dans le contexte de son implémentation suisse, cette étude examine la patrimonialisation de pratiques liées à la “médecine populaire”. S’appuyant sur une enquête ethnographique, elle rend compte de la trajectoire sociohistorique de cette catégorie et de la manière dont la fabrique du patrimoine implique divers ajustements de ces pratiques. Ces ajustements les adaptent aux standards internationaux et les incorporent aux représentations culturelles hégémoniques. L’étude conclut que la requalification de ces pratiques dans une logique patrimoniale prend en considération le système formel de santé et reproduit les hiérarchies médicales.
Plume, caméra et rythmeLa production artistique des Turcs d’Europe
Authors: Rigoni Isabelle
Published: June 2013

Dans cet article, Isabelle Rigoni montre l’extraordinaire vivacité des manifestations culturelles liées à l’émigration turque en Allemagne et en France, et leurs retombées dans le pays d’origine et le pays d’accueil. Elle s’appuie notamment sur des matériaux empiriques, souvent délaissés dans les recherches sur l’inter culturalité, parmi lesquels la musique rap.
La légalisation de l’eugénisme en Espagne. Les théories de Jiménez de Asúa dans Libertad de amar y derecho a morir (1928)
Authors: Flores Rodríguez María
Published: June 2013

Cet article étudie les théories eugénistes du juriste et socialiste espagnol Luis Jiménez de Asúa, exposées dans son livre Libertad de amar y derecho a morir (1928), dont l’examen met en évidence l’importance des débats autour de la légalisation de l’eugénisme en Espagne. En démontrant sa viabilité juridique, fondée sur le respect du droit et des principes socialistes, Jiménez de Asúa ouvre de nouvelles perspectives au mouvement eugéniste espagnol, laissant entrevoir les contours d’un nouvel ordre, au détriment de la Dictature de Primo de Rivera, déjà sclérosée.
Rupturas en las visiones de América: de la utopía a la ucronía
Authors: García-Romeu José
Published: June 2013

Este artículo se propone estudiar las rupturas sucesivas que orientaron, desde la última década del siglo XIX hasta hoy, los debates de los intelectuales hispanoamericanos acerca de la identidad de su continente. Para ello, observaremos cómo esos intelectuales elaboraron utopías, ficciones y anticipaciones que les permitieran encarar la cuestión del perfil indígena así como el problema de las relaciones con las grandes potencias.
Les Grateful Dead et Friedrich Nietzsche : transformation de la musique, transformation de la conscience
Authors: Spector Stanley J.
Published: June 2013

Plus que tout autre groupe de San Francisco au milieu des années 1960, les Grateful Dead représentent la quintessence du rock psychédélique. Dans cet article, j’analyse la manière dont leur type d’improvisation, qu’on a appelé « jamming » – quoiqu’il incorpore des techniques typiques du jazz – se révèle être une transformation des façons de jouer de la musique. Ce style amena le groupe à composer un nouveau genre de musique, le rock psychédélique. Un changement dans la conscience sous-tend cette mutation du jeu et de la composition, auquel correspond un changement ontologique qui est l’un des traits distinctifs de la contre-culture des années 1960.
The IL-33/ST2 Pathway Controls Coxsackievirus B5–Induced Experimental Pancreatitis
Authors: Sesti-Costa Renata , Silva Grace K. , Proença-Módena José L. , Carlos Daniela , Silva Maria L. , Alves-Filho José C. , Arruda Eurico , Liew Foo Y. , Silva João S.
Published: June 2013

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is a common cause of acute and chronic infectious myocarditis and pancreatitis. Th1 cells producing IFN-γ and TNF-α are important for CVB clearance, but they are also associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory lesions, suggesting that the modulation of Th1 and Th2 balance is likely important in controlling CVB-induced pancreatitis. We investigated the role of IL-33, which is an important recently discovered cytokine for induction of Th2-associated responses, in experimental CVB5 infection. We found that mice deficient in IL-33R, T1/ST2, significantly developed more severe pancreatitis, had greater weight loss, and contained higher viral load compared with wild-type (WT) mice when infected with CVB5. Conversely, WT mice treated with rIL-33 developed significantly lower viral titers, and pancreatitis was attenuated. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that IL-33 enhances the degranulation and production of IFN-γ and TNF-α by CD8+ T and NK cells, which is associated with viral clearance. Furthermore, IL-33 triggers the production of IL-4 from mast cells, which results in enhanced differentiation of M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells, leading to the attenuation of inflammatory pancreatitis. Adoptively transferred mast cells or M2 macrophages reversed the heightened pancreatitis in the T1/ST2−/− mice. In contrast, inhibition of regulatory T cells exacerbated the disease in WT mice. Together, our findings reveal an unrecognized IL-33/ST2 functional pathway and a key mechanism for CVB5-induced pancreatitis. These data further suggest a novel approach in treating virus-induced pancreatitis, which is a major medical condition with unmet clinical needs.
Cutting Edge: Inhaled Antigen Upregulates Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase in Lung CD103+ but Not Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells To Induce Foxp3 De Novo in CD4+ T Cells and Promote Airway Tolerance
Authors: Khare Anupriya , Krishnamoorthy Nandini , Oriss Timothy B. , Fei Mingjian , Ray Prabir , Ray Anuradha
Published: June 2013

Dendritic cell (DC)–T cell interactions that underlie inducible/adaptive regulatory T cell generation and airway tolerance are not well understood. In this study, we show that mice lacking CD11chi lung DCs, but containing plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), fail tolerization with inhaled Ag and cannot support Foxp3 induction in vivo in naive CD4+ T cells. CD103+ DCs from tolerized mice efficiently induced Foxp3 in cocultured naive CD4+ T cells but pDCs and lung macrophages failed to do so. CD103+ DCs, but not pDCs or lung macrophages, upregulated the expression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (aldh1a2), which is key for the production of retinoic acid, a cofactor for TGF-β for Foxp3 induction. Batf3−/− mice, selectively lacking CD103+ DCs, failed tolerization by inhaled Ag. Collectively, our data show that pulmonary tolerance is dependent on CD103+ DCs, correlating with their ability to upregulate aldh1a2, which can promote Foxp3 expression in T cells.
Exploration for Archean polymetallic sulphide deposits in permafrost terrains: an integrated geological/geochemical technique, Kaminak Lake area, district of Keewatin
Authors: Ridler R H , Shilts W W
Published: June 2013

Pilot stratigraphic/metallogenic studies of Archean bedrock and drift prospecting in permanently frozen terrain have provided integrated models for exploration in the Rankin Inlet-Ennadai Belt. Techniques perfected during both studies have provided data that
allow effective differentiation of target areas for follow-up exploration. The geological environment in the vicinity of Kaminak Lake is s imilar to that of the Noranda area. An extensive platform of basalt and andesite flows is overlain by andesitic to rhyolitic pyroclastic units intruded by coeval
plutonic rocks, An exhalite zone of regional extent is present in the felsic unit. A centre of felsic accumulation with a proximal exhalite zone possessing local enrichments in base and precious metals occurs at Spi Lake. Because the <2 micron fraction is common to all till samples and
because it is thought to have scavenged metal cations released by the weathering of sulphides that were glacially eroded and included in till, it was chosen as the most effective fraction to analyze, Maps of Cu and Zn distribution, drawn from results of <2 micron analyses, confirm the
presence of known exhalite zones and allow the zones to be traced through areas of persistent drift cover, Analyses of other fractions (methylene iodide separates, heavy rock fragments, <250 mesh) give less reliable but sometimes corroborating results.
Mesozoic stratigraphy, sedimentary evolution, and petroleum potential of the Jeanne d'Arc basin, Grand Banks of Newfounland
Authors: McAlpine K D
Published: June 2013

The Jeanne d'Arc Basin, located at the northeastern part of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, is a Mesozaic failed-rift basin containing in excess of 22 km of sedimentary fill. Despite a period of vigorous exploration activity initiated by the discovery of the
giant-class Hibernia oil field in 1979, the lithostratigraphic nomenclature is not yet standard. This has led to a plethora of lithostratigraphies used by various industry groups, government agencies, and academia, a situation that has caused communication problems. A new lithostratigraphic
nomenclature is proposed for the Mesozaic rocks older than the Late Cretaceous Dawson Canyon Formation. The nomenclature consists of 17 formations (14 new), 3 members (new), and 2 markers (new). The sedimentary evolution of the Jeanne d'Arc Basin is a response to the structural framework of the
basin and to regional tectonic episodes related to the breakup of Pangea. Two periods of rifting, the first dominated by deposition of evaporites and the second by coarse clastics, are separated by a tectonically quiet period characterized by the deposition of fine clastics and limestones. A
two-stage transition to a passive continental margin followed when fine clastics and minor chalky limestones were deposited. Major reserves of oil have been discovered in the basin. The oil was generated after continental breakup in shales deposited at the end of the tectonically quiet period and is
now trapped mainly in stacked sandstone reservoirs deposited during the second period of rifting. Geological and geochemical data indicate that perhaps as little as 10 percent of potential recoverable reserves have been discovered.
The Bell Island Bay Group, remnant of an early proterozoic Ensialic marginal basin in Wopmay Orogen, District of Mackenzie
Authors: Reichenbach I G
Published: June 2013

The 1898 Ma Bell Island Bay Group occurs in the western part of Wopmay Orogen, an early Proterozoic orogenic belt developed on the western margin of the Archean Slave Craton. This 4 km thick group comprises five formations, from oldest to youngest: 1) Beaverlodge
Lake Sandstone, subaerially deposited conglomerate and sandstone; 2) Zebulon Formation, subaerially erupted calc-alkaline volcanic rocks ranging from basalt to rhyolite; 3) Conjuror Bay Formation, shallow marine siliciclastics; 4) Bloom Basalt, tholeiitic pillow basalt; and 5) Fishtrap Lake Gabbro,
tholeiitic gabbro sills and dykes interpreted to be comagmatic with Bloom Basalt. The Bell Island Bay Group unconformably overlies a sialic basement complex (Hottah Terrane) and is unconformably overlain by volcanic and sedimentary continental arc rocks of the Great Bear Magmatic Zone. Based on
depositional environment, chemistry, regional tectonic setting and comparison with Mesozoic­Recent analogues, rocks of the Beaverlodge Lake Sandstone and the Zebulon Formation are interpreted to constitute part of a continental magmatic arc and the Conjuror Bay Formation, Bloom Basalt and Fishtrap
Lake Gabbro represent material related to the formation of a younger marginal basin. The tholeiitic lavas and intrusions of the Bell Island Bay Group are similar in age, geochemistry and lithology to the Akaitcho and Grant groups, the lowermost stratigraphie units of the internai zone of Wopmay
Orogen, suggesting that the three groups are correlative and were deposited within the same basin. If this is correct, then the Wopmay Orogen is better considered to represent magmatism and tectonism related to an evolving Andean-type plate margin, rather than to the Wilson
Cycle.
Keith Ward’s soft panentheism
Authors: Potgieter Raymond
Published: June 2013

This article seeks to assess the general approach to a Christian interpretation of reality as popularly applied by Keith Ward. It is suggested that he employs panentheist criteria in his attempts to buttress a theological accommodation of both material and spiritual interpretations of reality. This assessment will take a general reformational theological approach. Suggestions will be included as to why panentheism has made such an impact amongst some Christians and why a bipolar approach to God appeals to some in the Christian community. Recommendations will then be made to be considered by those who may find the lure of Christian generic panentheism in different forms tempting enough to consider its interpretation replacing the traditional view of God.Die doel van hierdie artikel is om die algemene benadering tot ’n Christelike interpretasie van die werklikheid, soos algemeen toegepas deur Keith Ward, te evalueer. Dit word voorgestel dat hy panenteïstiese kriteria toepas in sy pogings om teologiese akkommodasie van ’n materiële en geestelike interpretasie van die werklikheid te steun. Hierdie evaluering volg ’n algemene reformatoriese teologiese perspektief. Voorstelle word gemaak om te verduidelik waarom panenteïsme so ’n impak op sommige Christene het dat hulle ’n bipolêre benadering tot God verkies. Verder word aanbevelings gemaak vir diegene wat ’n Christelike generiese panenteïsme in verskillende vorme aanloklik genoeg vind om dit sodoende as ’n alternatiewe interpretasie vir die tradisionele siening van God te oorweeg.
OrbitalL-functions for the Space of Binary Cubic Forms
Authors: Taniguchi Takashi , Thorne Frank
Published: June 2013

We introduce the notion of orbital L-functions for the space of binary cubic forms and investigate their analytic properties. We study their functional equations and residue formulas in some detail. Aside from their intrinsic interest, the results from this paper are used to prove the existence of secondary terms in counting functions for cubic fields. This is worked out in a companion paper.
A Prospective Evaluation of Real-Time PCR Assays for the Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia spp. for Early Diagnosis of Rickettsial Infections during the Acute Phase of Undifferentiated Febrile Illness
Authors: Watthanaworawit Wanitda , Turner Paul , Turner Claudia , Tanganuchitcharnchai Ampai , Richards Allen L. , Bourzac Kevin M. , Blacksell Stuart D. , Nosten François
Published: June 2013

One hundred and eighty febrile patients were analyzed in a prospective evaluation of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia spp. real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for early diagnosis of rickettsial infections. By paired serology, 3.9% (7 of 180) and 6.1% (11 of 180) of patients were confirmed to have acute scrub or murine typhus, respectively. The PCR assays for the detection of O. tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia spp. had high specificity (99.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 96.8–100] and 100% [95% CI: 97.8–100], respectively). The PCR results were also compared with immunoglobulin M (IgM) immunofluorescence assay (IFA) on acute sera. For O. tsutsugamushi, PCR sensitivity was twice that of acute specimen IgM IFA (28.6% versus 14.3%; McNemar's P = 0.3). For Rickettsia spp., PCR was four times as sensitive as acute specimen IgM IFA (36.4% versus 9.1%; P = 0.08), although this was not statistically significant. Whole blood and buffy coat, but not serum, were acceptable specimens for these PCRs. Further evaluation of these assays in a larger prospective study is warranted.
Melioidosis as a Consequence of Sporting Activity
Authors: Hill Audrey A. , Mayo Mark , Kaestli Mirjam , Price Erin P. , Richardson Leisha J. , Godoy Daniel , Spratt Brian G. , Currie Bart J.
Published: June 2013

In the tropical city of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, dry season soil sampling cultured Burkholderia pseudomallei from 7 (70%) of 10 sports fields. However, during the 23 years of the Darwin Prospective Melioidosis Study, only 5 (0.6%) of 785 melioidosis cases have been attributed to infection from sports fields. In one soccer player with cutaneous melioidosis, B. pseudomallei cultured from the player was identical by multilocus sequence typing and multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis with an isolate recovered from soil at the location on the sports field where he was injured. Melioidosis is uncommon in otherwise healthy sports persons in melioidosis-endemic regions but still needs consideration in persons with abrasion injuries that involve contact with soil.
Challenging Pedagogy: Emotional Disruptions, Young Girls, Parents and Schools
Authors: George Rosalyn , Clay John
Published: June 2013

This paper follows on from a research project which explored the inclusionary and exclusionary dynamics of young girls’ friendship groups. This initial study received considerable media attention in the UK, Europe and Australia and consequently came to the attention of a wider audience beyond the academy who were thus given an opportunity to engage with the research findings. Having previously explored and analysed the emotionally disabling everyday practices experienced by the girls in the initial research project, the voices of these other adults offered a possibility to explore, examine and analyse the experiences of their daughters and themselves and as a result offered insights that challenge the day to day practices in the classroom. The focus of this paper therefore, is to explore the emotionally raw moments as articulated through the stories told by these adults and to examine what meaning and sense is conveyed about the prevailing norms and values of the school underpinning their pedagogy and practice. We contextualise emotions within a theoretical framework of Sara Ahmed and bell hooks that views emotions in terms of power and culture. The data analysed include contributions from the public to a radio phone-in as well as email responses. The analysis makes explicit the dynamics of power in girls’ friendship groups revealing action/inaction by parents and their accounts about teachers which either disrupt or reinforce dominant practices that pertain. We advocate hooks’ concept of engaged pedagogy to challenge current practices underpinned by neo-liberal assumptions.
Having Your Say: The Social Organisation of Online News Commentary
Authors: Cavanagh Allison , Dennis Alex
Published: June 2013

This paper describes an analysis of poster and recommender activities in an online news forum. Quantitative analyses of patterns of posting and recommending suggest that claims about ‘horizontality’ and ‘online community’ are oversimplifications, as there is strong evidence to suggest that the actual workings of networked discussion communities incorporate a wide range of competing and mutually-contradictory orientations, activities and strategies. A qualitative analysis of particular posters’ rhetorical strategies provides evidence for the argument that an orientation to conventions (in particular using a dialogical mode of address) is more important than actual opinion or semantic content in gaining popularity. The implications of these findings, and some suggestions for how this work might be developed, are discussed.
A critical assessment of high resolution aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals for fine particulate matter (PM) predictions
Authors: Chudnovsky A. , Tang C. , Lyapustin A. , Wang Y. , Schwartz J. , Koutrakis P.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Recently, a new Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm was developed for the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) which provides Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 1 km resolution. The relationship between MAIAC AOD and PM2.5 as measured by 84 EPA ground monitoring stations in the entire New England and the Harvard supersite during 2002–2008 was investigated and also compared to the AOD/PM2.5 relationship using conventional MODIS 10 km AOD retrieval (MYD04) for the same days and locations. The correlations for MYD04 and for MAIAC are r = 0.62 and 0.65, respectively, suggesting that AOD is a reasonable proxy for PM2.5 ground concentrations. The slightly higher correlation coefficient (r) for MAIAC can be related to its finer resolution resulting in better correspondence between AOD and EPA monitoring sites. Regardless of resolution, AOD/PM2.5 relationship varies daily, and under certain conditions it can be negative (due to several factors such as an EPA site location (proximity to road) and the lack of information about the aerosol vertical profile). By investigating MAIAC AOD data we found a substantial increase, by 50–70% in the number of collocated AOD vs PM2.5 pairs, as compared to MYD04, suggesting that MAIAC AOD data is more capable in capturing spatial patterns of PM2.5. Importantly, the performance of MAIAC AOD retrievals remains reliable under partly cloudy conditions when MYD04 data are not available, and it can be used to significantly increase the number of days for PM2.5 spatial pattern prediction based on satellite observations.
The role of low volatile organics on secondary organic aerosol formation
Authors: Kokkola H. , Yli-Pirilä P. , Vesterinen M. , Korhonen H. , Keskinen H. , Romakkaniemi S. , Hao L. , Kortelainen A. , Joutsensaari J. , Worsnop D. R. , Virtanen A. , Lehtinen K. E. J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Large-scale atmospheric models, which typically describe secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation based on chamber experiments, tend to systematically underestimate observed organic aerosol burdens. Since SOA constitutes a significant fraction of atmospheric aerosol, this discrepancy translates to an underestimation of SOA contribution to climate. Here we show that the underestimation of SOA yields can partly be explained by wall-losses of SOA forming compounds during chamber experiments. We present a chamber experiment where α-pinene and ozone are injected in a Teflon chamber. When these two compounds react, we observe rapid formation and growth of new particles. Theoretical analysis of this formation and growth event indicates rapid formation of oxidized organic compounds (OVOC) of very low volatility in the chamber. Although these OVOCs of very low volatility contribute to the growth of new particles, their mass will almost completely be depleted to the chamber walls during the experiment while the depletion of OVOCs of higher volatilities is less efficient. According to our model simulations, the volatilities of OVOC contributing to the new particle formation event are of the order of 10−5 μg m−3.
The fate of riverine nutrients on Arctic shelves
Authors: Le Fouest V. , Babin M. , Tremblay J.-É.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Present and future levels of primary production (PP) in the Arctic Ocean (AO) depend on nutrient inputs to the photic zone via vertical mixing, upwelling and external sources. In this regard, the importance of horizontal river supply relative to oceanic processes is poorly constrained at the pan-Arctic scale. We compiled extensive historical (1954–2012) data on discharge and nutrient concentrations to estimate fluxes of nitrate, soluble reactive phosphate (SRP), silicate, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), particulate organic nitrogen (PON) and particulate organic carbon (POC) from 9 large Arctic rivers and assess their potential impact on the biogeochemistry of shelf waters. Several key points can be emphasized from this analysis. The contribution of riverine nitrate to new PP (PPnew) is very small at the regional scale (< 1% to 6.7%) and negligible at the pan-Arctic scale (< 0.83%), in agreement with recent studies. By consuming all this nitrate, oceanic phytoplankton would be able to use only 14.3% and 8.7–24.5% of the river supply of silicate at the pan-Arctic and regional scales, respectively. Corresponding figures for SRP are 28.9% and 18.6–46%. On the Beaufort and Bering shelves, riverine SRP cannot fulfil phytoplankton requirements. On a seasonal basis, the removal of riverine nitrate, silicate and SRP would be the highest in spring and not in summer when AO shelf waters are nitrogen-limited. Riverine DON is potentially an important nitrogen source for the planktonic ecosystem in summer, when ammonium supplied through the photoammonification of refractory DON (3.9 × 109 mol N) may exceed the combined riverine supply of nitrate and ammonium (3.4 × 109 mol N). Nevertheless, overall nitrogen limitation of AO phytoplankton is expected to persist even when projected increases of riverine DON and nitrate supply are taken into account. This analysis underscores the need to better contrast oceanic nutrient supply processes with the composition and fate of changing riverine nutrient deliveries in future scenarios of plankton community structure, function and production in the coastal AO.
Distinct bacterial production–DOC–primary production relationships and implications for biogenic C-cycling in the South China Sea shelf
Authors: Lai C.-C. , Fu Y.-W. , Liu H.-B. , Kuo H.-Y. , Wang K.-W. , Lin C.-H. , Tai J.-H. , Wong G. T. F. , Lee K.-Y. , Chen T.-Y. , Yamamoto Y. , Chow M.-F. , Kobayashi Y. , Shiah F.-K.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Based on two summer spatio-temporal data sets obtained from the northern South China Sea shelf and basin, this study reveals contrast relationships among bacterial production (BP), dissolved organic (DOC) and primary production (PP) in the transition zone from the neritic to the oceanic regions. Inside the mid-shelf where inorganic nutrient supplies from river discharge and internal waves were potentially abundant, BP, DOC and PP were positively inter-correlated, whereas these three measurements became uncorrelated in the oligotrophic outer-shelf and slope. A previously proposed malfunctioning microbial-loop hypothesis was extended to address the availability of limiting mineral could affect the couplings/de-couplings between the source (i.e. phytoplankton) and sink (i.e. bacteria) of biogenic organic carbon, and thus DOC dynamics. The positive correlation of the BP/PP ratios vs. phosphate concentrations in the inner-shelf implies that if anthropogenic mineral loading keeps increasing in the foreseeable future, the near-shore zone may become more heterotrophic rendering the system a stronger source of CO2.
Expanded Criteria Donors in Kidney Transplantation: The Role of Older Donors in a Setting of Older Recipients
Authors: De Rosa Paride , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Sarno Gerardo
Published: June 2013

Kidney transplantation (KT) is the therapy of choice for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The ESRD population is aging and so are patients waiting for KT. New strategies have been made for increasing the donor and recipient pools, and as a consequence kidneys from older donors or donors with significant comorbidities, the so-called “expanded criteria donor” (ECD) kidneys, are used for transplantation. Although good outcomes have been achieved from ECD, several issues are still waiting for clarification and need to be discussed. The concept of age matching is accepted as a method to ameliorate utilization of these allografts, but an optimal and widely accepted strategy is still not defined. The development of machine perfusion and the dual kidney transplantation are techniques which further improve the outcome of transplants from ECD, but the described experiences are scarce or coming from small single institutional reports. Also due to age-related immune dysfunction and associated comorbidities, the elderly recipients are more susceptible to immunosuppression related complications (e.g., infections and malignancy), although a widely accepted and validated immunosuppressive regimen is still lacking. In this paper, we review the issues related to KT employing allografts from marginal donors with a particular interest for the elderly patients.
Field performance of a pneumatic row crop planter equipped with active toothed coulter for direct planting of corn in wheat residue
Authors: Nejadi J. , Raoufat M. H.
Published: June 2013

In this research effects of active toothed coulter on planter penetration in semi-dried soils covered with previous wheat (triticum aestivum) residue was studied. Therefore, effects of three levels of speed ratio (coulter peripheral speed/tractor forward speed; 1.22, 2, 3) at two previous residue levels (baled and non-baled) and two modes of planter attachment (with and without row cleaner) on the corn (zea mays) planting depth and its uniformity, amount of surface residue, emergence rate index and seed spacings indices were investigated. Results showed that planting depth and its uniformity increased significantly with increasing speed ratio, so that desired planting depth was obtained at speed ratio of 2. The emergence rate index decreased with increase in speed ratio mainly due to increase in seeding depth at higher speed ratios. Miss and precision indices decreased in a significant manner with increase in the speed ratio. Other results showed that planting with row cleaner attachment into baled-out residue plots at speed ratio of 2 resulted in 31% decrease in miss and 30% decrease in precision indices as compared to control (inactive coulter). Quality of feed index at same conditions was 72%, the increase was up to 11% as compared to control. No significant difference was found between speed ratios of 2 and 3 for all the parameters studied. The results suggests that the row crop planter equipped with active toothed coulter and row cleaner attachment can be satisfactorily used for direct corn planting in hard soils covered with previous crop residues.