bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A panorama of valency changing operations in Seri
Authors: Marlett Stephen A.
Published: October 2017

The Seri language displays several valency changing operations, most of which are robustly attested and used. This paper presents a panorama of these operations. Evidence from the morphology, sensitive as it is to transitivity, helps in the consideration of possible analyses. Some of the operations, such as passive, unspecified subject, antipassive (implicit argument type) and causative, are straightforward in their respective analyses, as well as being common cross-linguistically. Other operations, including the impersonal passive of transitive verbs, the age construction, the times construction and the Experiencer subject construction, do not have counterparts in many other languages.
Geosmithia morbida, Thousand Cankers Disease of Black Walnut Pathogen, Was Found for the First Time in Southwestern Ohio
Authors: Fisher John R. , McCann David P. , Taylor Nancy J.
Published: October 2017

Thousand cankers disease of walnut is a recently described disease caused by a newly described phytopathogenic fungus, Geosmithia morbida. G. morbida is now established in the Ohio landscape and has likely been present longer than initially suspected.

Accepted for publication 28 October 2012. Published 1 December 2013.
Aberrant Patterns of Key Epithelial Basement Membrane Components in Keratoconus
Authors: Greene Carol Ann , Kuo Charisse , Sherwin Trevor
Published: October 2017

Purpose:

In the cornea, the epithelial basement membrane (BM) plays an important role in maintaining corneal integrity and homeostasis. Aberrations in this vital structure are associated with several corneal pathologies including keratoconus. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of key structural components of the epithelial BM in keratoconic corneas and to identify and describe any aberrant patterns.

Methods:

Immunohistochemical labeling of key BM components including fibronectin, laminin, and type IV and VII collagen was performed in healthy and keratoconic corneas.

Results:

Clear changes in the BM components in the keratoconic corneas were seen with the key structural components either being absent or forming a discontinuous pattern. Another aberrant pattern, the expression of BM proteins, particularly fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen, in the anterior stroma of keratoconic corneas was also observed.

Conclusions:

These results indicate the activation of keratocytes into the fibroblast and myofibroblast wound phenotypes and the potential source of corneal scarring commonly observed in keratoconic corneas. Our data also support the hypothesis of dysregulated collagen synthesis and breakdown in the keratoconic cornea, in particular, the BM, and suggest a role for the BM in initiation and progression of keratoconus.
The Impact of Random Models on Clustering Similarity
Authors: Gates Alexander J. , Ahn Yong-Yeol
Published: October 2017

Clustering is a central approach for unsupervised learning. After clustering is applied, the most fundamental analysis is to quantitatively compare clusterings. Such comparisons are crucial for the evaluation of clustering methods as well as other tasks such as consensus clustering. It is often argued that, in order to establish a baseline, clustering similarity should be assessed in the context of a random ensemble of clusterings. The prevailing assumption for the random clustering ensemble is the permutation model in which the number and sizes of clusters are fixed. However, this assumption does not necessarily hold in practice; for example, multiple runs of K-means clustering returns clusterings with a fixed number of clusters, while the cluster size distribution varies greatly. Here, we derive corrected variants of two clustering similarity measures (the Rand index and Mutual Information) in the context of two random clustering ensembles in which the number and sizes of clusters vary. In addition, we study the impact of one-sided comparisons in the scenario with a reference clustering. The consequences of different random models are illustrated using synthetic examples, handwriting recognition, and gene expression data. We demonstrate that the choice of random model can have a drastic impact on the ranking of similar clustering pairs, and the evaluation of a clustering method with respect to a random baseline; thus, the choice of random clustering model should be carefully justified.
Carbon pool trends and dynamics within a subtropical peatland during long-term restoration
Authors: Julian Paul , Gerber Stefan , Wright Alan L. , Gu Binhe , Osborne Todd Z.
Published: October 2017

Background

The Florida Everglades has undergone significant ecological change spanning the continuum of disturbance to restoration. While the restoration effort is not complete and the ecosystem continues to experience short duration perturbations, a better understanding of long-term C dynamics of the Everglades is needed to facilitate new restoration efforts. This study evaluated temporal trends of different aquatic carbon (C) pools of the northern Everglades Protection Area over a 20-year period to gauge historic C cycling patterns. Dissolved inorganic C (DIC), dissolved organic C (DOC), particulate organic C (POC), and surface water carbon dioxide (pCO2(aq)) were investigated between May 1, 1994 and April 30, 2015.

Results

Annual mean concentrations of DIC, DOC, POC, and pCO2(aq)significantly decreased through time or remained constant across the Water Conservation Areas (WCAs). Overall, the magnitude of the different C pools in the water column significantly differed between regions. Outgassing of CO2was dynamic across the Everglades ranging from 420 to 2001 kg CO2yr-1. Overall the historic trend in CO2flux from the marsh declined across our study area while pCO2(aq)largely remained somewhat constant with the exception of Water Conservation Area 2 which experienced significant declines in pCO2(aq). Particulate OC concentrations were consistent between WCAs, but a significantly decreasing trend in annual POC concentrations were observed.

Conclusions

Hydrologic condition and nutrient inputs significantly influenced the balance, speciation, and flux of C pools across WCAs suggesting a subsidy-stress response in C dynamics relative to landscape scale responses in nutrient availability. The interplay between nutrient inputs and hydrologic condition exert a driving force on the balance between DIC and DOC production via the metabolism of organic matter which forms the base of the aquatic foodweb. Along the restoration trajectory as water quality and hydrology continues to improve it is expected that C pools will respond accordingly.
Saving motives, gender, and the use of financial advisory services
Authors: Hermansson Cecilia
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand if and how saving motives can predict bank customers’ use of financial advisory services. In addition, it analyzes possible gender differences regarding this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a large and unique sample of Swedish bank customers, combining objective bank register data with subjective data from a questionnaire. A probit regression is used. Since decisions regarding the use of financial advisory services can be influenced by, e.g., age, wealth, gender and marital status, the author analyzes results at both the overall level and the group level.

Findings

All three saving motives are found to be predictors, i.e., motives to save for wealth, retirement, and a rainy day (with opposite sign). Only the motive to save for retirement is significant for both women and men. Wealth differences seem more important than gender differences, except for the rainy day motive where gender differences are observed also among the wealthy.

Practical implications

The study is important since there is a need for financial advisors to understand their customers’ context, including motives to save. Saving motives involving longer time horizons and more uncertainty are likely to predict the use of financial advisory services.

Originality/value

This paper is original because it deepens the understanding of the relationship between saving motives and customers’ use of financial advisory services, focusing also on the aspect of gender differences, while controlling for demographics and socioeconomics, and customers’ interest and confidence in financial matters, risk tolerance, and financial literacy.
Chatbots for troubleshooting: A survey
Authors: Thorne Camilo
Published: October 2017

Chatbots are artificial agents designed to engage in text‐based conversations (chats) with end users. They can be seen as a restricted kind of dialog system that deals with written rather than spoken language. They have been an object of research in academia and industry since the early days of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. This paper intends to survey a specific subtype of chatbots, troubleshooting chatbots, which are chatbots that aim at automating troubleshooting contact centers and services. Troubleshooting chatbots have inspired considerable interest in industry due to their cost savings potential.
Hijacking Law
Authors: Sharafi Mitra
Published: October 2017

This essay considers the legal strategies of comparative communities in South Asian, Middle Eastern, and US history. What does it mean for a particular group to “hijack” a body of law, taking everyone on board to an unwanted destination? The piece compares the legal strategies of the Parsi community in colonial and postcolonial India to those of the German Jewish yekke population in mandate Palestine and early independent Israel, the women's movement in India in recent decades, and Protestants in contemporary America before the 2015 Obergefell decision legalizing same-sex marriage. There are multiple ways of trying to take control of a body of law, and for multiple reasons. A group may capture a body of personal law to perpetuate its own values within the group. It may try to control a territorial legal system to impose its values on the entire population. It may work across bodies of personal law to obtain as uniform a result as possible—as if the system were a unified field, not a segmented one. Or its group members may make available their legal expertise to shore up a newly independent state's legal system. The essay suggests that taking control of a body of law does not necessarily mean hijacking it.
Two Methods to Calibrate the Total Travel Demand and Variability for a Regional Traffic Network
Authors: Wen Tao , Gardner Lauren , Dixit Vinayak , Waller S. Travis , Cai Chen , Chen Fang
Published: October 2017

This article proposes a novel methodology that uses the bi‐level programming formulation to calibrate the expected total demand and the corresponding demand variability of traffic networks. In the bi‐level formulation the upper‐level is either a new maximum likelihood estimation method or a least squares method and the lower‐level is the strategic user equilibrium assignment model (StrUE) which accounts for the day‐to‐day demand volatility. The maximum likelihood method proposed in this article has the ability to utilize information from day‐to‐day observed link flows to provide a unique estimation of the total demand distribution, whereas the least squares method is capable of capturing link flow variations. The lower‐level StrUE model can take the total demand distribution as input, and output a set of link flow distributions which can then be compared to the link‐level observations. The mathematical proof demonstrates the convexity of the model, and the sensitivity to the prediction error is analytically derived. Numerical analysis is conducted to illustrate the efficiency and sensitivity of the proposed model. Some possible future research is discussed in the conclusion.
Functional genomics in the wild: a case study with paper wasps shows challenges and prospects for RNA interference in ecological systems
Authors: Weiner S.A. , Geffre A.G. , Toth A.L.
Published: October 2017

RNA interference (RNAi) is a useful tool to assess gene function by knocking down expression of a target gene and has been used successfully in domestic and laboratory organisms. However, the use of RNAi for functional genomics has not fully extended into ecological model organisms in natural environments. Assessment of gene function in the wild is important because gene function can be environmentally and context dependent. Here, we present a case study using RNAi to assess gene function in wild paper wasps Polistes metricus, to test roles for two candidate genes (NADH dehydrogenase (NADHdh) and retinoid and fatty acid binding protein (RfaBp)) in the development of reproductive castes. Previous studies have shown that these genes are upregulated in larvae that become queens compared to workers, but this pattern was reversed in the laboratory, making field-based studies necessary. We orally administered dsRNA to larvae in field colonies and found evidence of a short-term knockdown followed by a compensatory rebound in expression for RfaBp. We also observed the predicted worker-like decrease in lipid stores in NADHdh dsRNA treated wasps, suggesting a possible role for NADHdh in caste development. We discuss our results in the context of challenges for using RNAi for functional genomics in ecological model organisms in the field.
Heavy metal accumulation and the practical application of lichens as bioindicators for heavy metal pollution in surface soil
Authors: Sueoka Y. , Sakakibara M. , Sano S. , Sera K.
Published: October 2017

Levels of trace element pollution in surface soil have been estimated using soil analyses and leaching tests. These methods may reveal different results due to the effect of soil properties on the elemental availability. Therefore, this study advocates an alternative method for monitoring and assessment of trace element pollution in surface soil using terricolous fruticose lichens. Lichens and their substrata were analyzed using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and XRF to clarify the relationships between Cu, Zn, As and Pb concentrations in lichens and soils, including their absorption properties. Concentrations of these elements in the lichens were positively correlated with those in the soils regardless of lichen species, location, habitat, or conditions of soils. The analyzed lichens had neither competitive nor antagonistic properties in their elemental absorption, which made them good bioindicators of trace element pollution in surface soil. The distribution maps of average Cu, Zn, As and Pb concentrations at each sampling region was detected at almost all of the Cu, Zn and As pollution of the soils. Therefore, lichens could be used in practical applications to monitor Cu, Zn and As pollution in surface soils.
Statistical aspects of variations in hair mineral measurements
Authors: Kataoka K. , Yamada T. , Saunders T. , Takatsuji T. , Sera K. , Nakamura T. , Nose Y.
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study is to examine the variations in hair mineral concentrations measured by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). As the concentrations reflect the historical profile of minerals in blood for a few days to several years, hair mineral measurements vary among the hair strands of a sample as well as the locations on hair strands where PIXE beams are irradiated. PIXE analysis presents not only mineral measurements but also standard errors associated with them due to uncertainty in fitting analysis of X-ray spectrum. We developed statistical methods to decompose the intra-individual variance into the variances due to locations and that due to the fitting analysis. This study describes the results of statistical analysis on the variations in six minerals (Cu, Fe, Sr, Ca, Cl and Pb) and compares the results for better understanding of variations in hair mineral measurements obtained from hair analysis using PIXE.
Using the PIXE method to evaluate the characteristics of aerosols in Kumamoto City, Southwestern Japan, from March 2004 to March 2007
Authors: Sakai M. , Sera K. , Goto S.
Published: October 2017

Recently, atmospheric particles, including Asian dust, have attracted considerable attention because of their potential effects on the environment and human health. From March to May, a huge volume of Asian dust is whipped up over China and carried to Japan by the westerly winds. In this study, we analyzed the elemental compositions of 72 aerosol samples collected biweekly in Kumamoto City from March 2004 to March 2007, to investigate the characteristics of Asian dust. The mass concentrations of the aerosol in Asian dust events were 1.5 times higher than non-Asian dust events. The concentrations of elements were determined by the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method. Concentrations of Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Ti, Mg and K in Asian dust events were 2.3, 2.0, 2.0, 1.6, 1.6, 1.5 and 1.4 times higher than those in non-Asian dust events, respectively. These elements are considered indicators of a soil-derived fraction. The concentrations of the soil-derived fraction were calculated, assuming that the Al concentration in the soils is 7%. The predicted mean concentration of the soil-derived fraction in Asian dust events (16.92 μg·m−3) was twice that in non-Asian dust events (8.39 μg·m−3). Moreover, in Asian dust events, the soil-derived fraction was the main component in aerosols and accounted for 43% of the total aerosol mass.
Utility of Endoscopic Examination in the Diagnosis of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease in the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Nomura Kosuke , Iizuka Toshiro , Kaji Daisuke , Yamamoto Hisashi , Kuribayashi Yasutaka , Tanaka Masami , Furuhata Tsukasa , Yamashita Satoshi , Kikuchi Daisuke , Matsui Akira , Mitani Toshifumi , Ota Yasunori , Taniguchi Shuichi , Hoteya Shu
Published: October 2017

Background and Aims. We retrospectively investigated the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy.Methods. Of 1231 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between January 2005 and December 2014, 186 of whom underwent colonoscopy and biopsy and had no cytomegalovirus infection. The endoscopic findings and histologic diagnosis from these 186 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results. Based on the histopathological findings, 171 patients were diagnosed with GVHD, accounting for 13.9% of all transplant recipients. Useful endoscopic findings for the diagnosis of GVHD were atrophy of the ileocecal valve and villous atrophy in the terminal ileum and tortoise shell-like mucosae, edema, and low vascular permeability in the colon. Even when no mucosal abnormality was observed, the incidence of GVHD was 78.9% in the terminal ileum and 75.0% in the colon. Furthermore, patients with mucosal exfoliation, although infrequent, were all diagnosed with grade 3/4 GVHD.Conclusions. It is important to perform endoscopy proactively for the early diagnosis of GVHD, and biopsy should be performed even when no abnormality is observed. In addition, because patients with mucosal exfoliation are extremely likely to have grade 3/4 GVHD, early treatment should be initiated.
Direct Power Control Strategy of PWM Rectifier Based on Improved Virtual Flux-Linkage Observer
Authors: BU Wenshao , Xu Leilei
Published: October 2017

In order to achieve the low cost and high performance control of three-phase PWM rectifier, a direct power control (DPC) strategy based on a new-style virtual flux-linkage observer is proposed. The model of three-phase PWM rectifier and the principle of virtual flux-linkage vector control are introduced firstly. Then, in order to avoid the effect of integral initial value and cumulative deviation, three first-order low-pass filters are cascaded to replace the pure integral link; an improved virtual flux-linkage observer of three-phase power grid is presented. From the observed virtual flux-linkage, the voltage and instantaneous power of three-phase power grid are online estimated. On this basis, the power grid voltage sensorless direct power control system of three-phase PWM rectifier is designed. Simulation results have shown that, both in the rectifying state and in the inverting state, the power grid side current and the DC side voltage of three-phase PWM rectifier all can be effectively controlled; the high power factor operation of three-phase PWM rectifier is realized.
Studying Religions with the Iron Curtain Closed and Open
Authors: Alles Gregory D.
Published: October 2017

This essay reflects especially on the insights that the volume under discussion offers to someone who grew up in the United States during the 1960s and for whom the region behind the Iron Curtain was largely unfamiliar territory. It notes the overarching political frame of the volume, both geographically—the study of religions in various nations—and chronologically—the study of religions in the pre-Communist, Communist, and post-Communist periods. It comments on the different political role that the study of religions played in Eastern Europe, where it contributed to movements of liberation, as distinct from the role it played in Western Europe and North America, where it was often the servant of colonialism. It also suggests that the volume leaves open for future research various questions about the enterprise of scientific atheism during the Communist period and its relation to the study of religions on both sides of the former Iron Curtain today.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Migrations in Slavic, Tsarist Russian and Soviet History
Authors: Hoerder Dirk
Published: October 2017

Migration in Rus’-land, Tsarist Russia and Soviet history received little attention before 1986. Since the 2000s interest has intensified. This issue of the Journal of Migration History provides a synopsis of the continuity as well as multiplicity of migrations from the sixth to the nineteenth century and case studies of different migrations from the late nineteenth century to the 1990s. Migration of state-backed Slavic-speaking peasants in the late nineteenth century into Kazakhs’ grazing lands disrupted the way-of-life of the herders and acerbated class relations between increasingly wealthy and increasingly poor herders. In Tsarist society as a whole, the regime deprived dissidents of ways of expression and encouraged pogroms against Jewish families and communities. Many of those who fled made their way to London and other safe havens. In Parliament, and among the British public in general, a sometimes acrimonious debate about immigration restrictions began. A 1905 anti-alien law kept the door open for political refugees but closed it to impoverished migrants. In wartime after 1914 and far more so after 1941 the state evacuated people before advancing armies and deported others, perceived to be disloyal. In this respect, the change from Tsarist to Bolshevik rule in its Stalinist version was no break – but the much larger quantity of people being moved around led to a new quality: authorities lost sight or interest in distinguishing evacuees from deportees. When, in the late 1950s, control relaxed, young people began to migrate on their own for a limited period of time. The limichiki faced exploitative hiring factories but often supportive state authorities. When glasnost changed the labour regime under neo-liberalist policies, the status of the temporary workers declined. The Tsarist-Soviet/Stalinist-post-1986 sequence of regimes encouraged, hindered or prohibited, and organised a vast variety of free, unfree, and forced labour migrations that were, in part at least, ways of life.
Alien or Refugee? The Politics of Russian Émigré Claims to British Asylum at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Hartnett Lynne Ann
Published: October 2017

This article explores the ways in which the debates about the Aliens Bill and the controversy surrounding British immigration policies confirmed Russian émigrés’ identification as refugees and legitimised their anti-tsarist activities in the early twentieth century. It assesses how Russian émigrés made use of the British political crisis about immigration not only to protect their personal right to asylum, but also to advance their larger political and ideological perspectives about the illegitimacy of the Romanov regime. This article argues that the early twentieth-century transnational advocacy championing the right of asylum for Russian refugees in Britain explicitly established the moral and legal criteria used to define refugees outside of the context of war and justified the humanitarian necessity of political and religious asylum as an answer to governmental persecution.
Moving People during the Great Patriotic War: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Siegelbaum Lewis
Published: October 2017

Moving people during war is what states do and have done since there have been states. This article attempts to specify what was peculiar to the Soviet state in moving its own civilian population during the Great Patriotic War (1941–45). It focuses on two categories of civilians defined by the state according to its determination of loyalty and utility to the war effort: evacuees and deportees. The article proceeds along the lines of three comparisons. The first is between tsarist and Stalinist approaches to ‘total’ war. The second comparison is between evacuees and deportees on the experiential level. The third and final comparison compares those whose voices are present in the sources and those who are silent, posing questions about the discursive relationship between migrants and state authorities in the context of the Great Patriotic War.
Soviet Socialist Stars and Neoliberal Losers: Young Labour Migrants in Moscow, 1971–1991
Authors: Elliott Emily J.
Published: October 2017

This article examines temporary labour migration to Moscow from 1971 to 1991, paying particular attention to relationships between state actors and young migrant workers. State officials not only provided young workers with housing and educational opportunities but also fostered Soviet socialist values among the young workers. The policies of Glasnost and Perestroika altered this relationship since state policies shifted towards embracing neoliberal practices. Such practices diminished social security for young migrants, leaving this once important social group vulnerable in a time of economic uncertainty.
Community Global Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) Package (CGOP): Perfect Observations Simulation Validation
Authors: Boukabara Sid-Ahmed , Ide Kayo , Shahroudi Narges , Zhou Yan , Zhu Tong , Li Ruifang , Cucurull Lidia , Atlas Robert , Casey Sean P. F. , Hoffman Ross N.
Published: October 2017

The simulation of observations—a critical Community Global Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) Package (CGOP) component—is validated first by a comparison of error-free simulated observations for the first 24 h at the start of the nature run (NR) to the real observations for those sensors that operated during that period. Sample results of this validation are presented here for existing low-Earth-orbiting (LEO) infrared (IR) and microwave (MW) brightness temperature (BT) observations, for radio occultation (RO) bending angle observations, and for various types of conventional observations. For sensors not operating at the start of the NR, a qualitative validation is obtained by comparing geographic and statistical characteristics of observations over the initial day for such a sensor and an existing similar sensor. The comparisons agree, with no significant unexplained bias, and to within the uncertainties caused by real observation errors, time and space collocation differences, radiative transfer uncertainties, and differences between the NR and reality. To validate channels of a proposed future MW sensor with no equivalent existing spaceborne sensor channel, multiple linear regression is used to relate these channels to existing similar channels. The validation then compares observations simulated from the NR to observations predicted by the regression relationship applied to actual real observations of the existing channels. Overall, the CGOP simulations of error-free observations from conventional and satellite platforms that make up the global observing system are found to be reasonably accurate and suitable as a starting point for creating realistic simulated observations for OSSEs. These findings complete a critical step in the CGOP validation, thereby reducing the caveats required when interpreting the OSSE results.
Implementing magnetic resonance imaging into clinical routine screening in patients with psychosis?
Authors: Borgwardt Stefan , Schmidt André
Published: October 2017

In this issue, Falkenberg et al explore the practicability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of the initial clinical assessment in patients with first-episode psychosis and the prevalence, nature and clinical significance of radiological abnormalities in these patients. They provide evidence for the use of MRI data to detect gross brain abnormalities. In addition, improvements in quantitative analyses makes MRI an indispensable tool to elucidate the neurobiological substrates that might underlie primary (or idiopathic) psychotic illness.
Mental capacity legislation in the UK: systematic review of the experiences of adults lacking capacity and their carers
Authors: Wilson Sam
Published: October 2017

Aims and method

Capacity legislation in the UK allows substitute decision-making for adults lacking capacity. Research has explored the experiences of such adults and their carers in relation to the Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000, and the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in England and Wales. A systematic review of the relevant research was performed using a framework method.

Results

The legislation provided mechanisms for substitute decision-making which were seen as useful, but there were negative experiences. Decision-making did not always seem to follow the legislative principles. Awareness of the legislation was limited. Most research was qualitative and some was of low methodological quality. Data were too heterogeneous to allow comparisons between English and Scottish law.

Clinical implications

Capacity legislation was generally viewed positively. However, some experiences were perceived negatively, and the potential benefits of the legislation were not always utilised.
The cognitive therapy of depression rests on substantial theoretical, empirical and clinical foundations: a reply to Dr Gipps
Authors: Moorey Stirling
Published: October 2017

Dr Gipps claims that the cognitive therapy for depression rests on a mistake. But his anachronistic analysis of Beck's early research from the perspective of current psychoanalytic theory misses the point. The value of the research was not that it disproved psychoanalytic theory, but that it generated a model of depression that has revolutionised psychotherapy research. Psychoanalysts are belatedly adopting research methods that Beck pioneered half a century ago. The cognitive model of depression has explanatory power for both maintenance and vulnerability and has substantial research underpinning it. Cognitive therapy for depression has a larger body of evidence for its efficacy and relapse prevention effect than any other psychotherapy. Transference-focused approaches to depression have yet to establish themselves in the same way.
Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift and the Return Predictability of Earnings Levels: One Effect or Two?
Authors: Kausar Asad
Published: October 2017

This paper examines whether earnings levels predict future returns distinct from earnings changes. I find that the predictive ability of earnings levels is subsumed by and is not incremental to the predictive ability of earnings changes. Specifically, I find that trading strategies based on net income, operating profitability, and gross profitability do not earn significant abnormal returns after controlling for earnings changes. My evidence suggests that these anomalies are an artifact of post-earnings-announcement drift and the failure to properly control for earnings changes.

Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2838 .

This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Toxic shock in children with bone and joint infections: A review of seven years of patients admitted to one intensive care unit
Authors: Kerr D. L. , Loraas E. K. , Links A. C. , Brogan T. V. , Schmale G. A.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of severe systemic, multi-organ involvement and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in patients with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Group A β-haemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes (GABS) bone and joint infections.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients treated for septic arthritis or osteomyelitis at one children's hospital between 2002 and 2009. The rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission for methicillin-sensitive SA (MSSA), methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) and GABS infections were compared, as were the lengths of stay, number of surgeries, operative procedures and cases of TSS.

Results

A total of 16 of 208 patients (7.7%) with culture-positive bone or joint infections were admitted to the ICU for critical illness: more commonly for patients with GABS infection (7/21 or 33%) than those with SA infection (6/132 or 5%) (odds ratio 10.55, 95% confidence interval 3.093 to 35.65, p = 0.0002). Patients with MRSA infections were significantly more likely to need ICU care than those with MSSA infection (p = 0.0009). Six of the ICU patients met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for TSS. ICU patients with MRSA and GABS bone and joint infections had similar hospital courses: numerous surgeries (mean three per patient); procedures performed (mean 11 per patient); and prolonged hospital stays.

Conclusion

We found a greater likelihood of patients developing severe, multi-system involvement with bone and joint infections caused by GABS or MRSA when compared with MSSA. Early aggressive treatment of systemic shock and liberal decompressions of infected joints may limit the sequelae of these serious infections.
La figure de réincarnation, la sinité pulvérisée et l’identité hybride dans la ‘série fantôme’ de Ying Chen
Authors: Yang Ziyan
Published: October 2017

Ying Chen, iconic figure of Quebecois Migrant Writing, openly and repeatedly rejects the exotic label and avoids any essentialist speech on ethnicity. In her series of novels centered on a ‘ghostly’ narrator, Chinese sociocultural references are absent or rather pulverized. Among the very few elements that demonstrate a certain ‘Chineseness’, that of reincarnation, a Buddhist concept that might offer a plausible explanation of the narrator’s ‘madness’, turns out to be the most obvious one. However, the articulation of this ‘Chineseness’ is characterised by an ‘uncertainty’; or rather, it helps to render uncertain any identity, any narrative of identity and even the act of writing. This article examines this concept drawn from ‘Eastern wisdom’ in the light of Homi Bhabha’s postcolonial theory on hybridity. Hybridity, viewed by Bhabha as a Third Space where culture is formed as ‘a vision and a construction’, is also a place of confrontation and even exploitation of cultural capital. This study examines how Ying Chen uses, modifies and transforms the notion of reincarnation and aims to problematize the controversial concept of cultural hybridity.

Ying Chen, écrivaine emblématique de l’écriture dite migrante, affiche à plusieurs reprises son refus d’être ‘une personnalité exotique’ et son désir d’éviter le discours essentialiste de l’ethnicité. En effet, dans la série romanesque centrée sur une ‘narratrice fantôme’, les références socioculturelles chinoises disparaissent ou plutôt se pulvérisent. Parmi les rares éléments qui attestent une certaine ‘sinité’, la figure de réincarnation, notion bouddhiste qui soutient une explication plausible de la ‘folie’ de la narratrice, s’avère la plus évidente. Ceci dit, l’articulation de cette ‘sinité’ se caractérise plutôt par une ‘incertitude’ ou, mieux, elle contribue à rendre incertaine toute identité, tout récit identitaire et même l’acte d’écrire. Cet article étudie cette figure de la ‘sagesse orientale’ à la lumière de la théorie postcoloniale d’Homi Bhabha autour du concept d’hybridité culturelle. L’hybridité conçue par Bhabha comme un tiers espace où se situe la culture comme ‘vision et construction’, elle est également un lieu de confrontation et même d’exploitation du capital culturel. Cette étude s’intéresse à la manière dont Ying Chen utilise, modifie et transforme la figure de réincarnation à la croisée des pensées orientales et s’ouvre sur une problématisation du concept controversé.
The social anchoring of Portuguese MPs, 1975–2009: Ttrade union participation during 35 years of democracy
Authors: Matos José Nuno
Published: October 2017

The main purpose of this article is to analyse the relationship between trade unions and political parties. Based upon the concept of political field proposed by Pierre Bourdieu, this study centres on the evolution of parliamentary recruitment among trade union leaders. It is a study
that, being based upon the historical relation between these two social and political actors, aims to reflect upon the ideas of politics and representation.
Electoral rules, political competition and citizens’ participation in the Portuguese local elections, 1979–2009
Authors: Freire André , Martins Rodrigo , Meirinho Manuel
Published: October 2017

The main purpose of the present article is to describe and explain the influence of the electoral rules, the type of elections and the patterns of political competition upon citizens' participation and voting choice in the Portuguese local elections between 1979 and 2009. Using aggregate
data with the county as our unit of analysis, we will test the impact of the electoral rules, bipartism (concentration of the vote and/or seats in the two major parties, although in the present article we use mainly concentration of the vote) and the pattern of political competition upon turnout.
Additionally, we will also test the impact of the electoral rules, and the pattern of political competition upon the level of bipartism at the local level. Several other control variables are also considered. Using a similar model we will try also to explain the level of party competitiveness
in each county. By and large, we show that local democracy, the level of party competitiveness and the presence of non-partisan lists boosts participation. However, district magnitude works contrary to our expectations: the smaller the district, the greater the participation. Thus, local democracy
has more impact than electoral rules in this case. We also show that bipartism is positively associated with low levels of competitiveness, absence of non-partisan lists and absence of simultaneous government (i.e. of the same party in power at both local and national level). Competitiveness
is boosted by the presence of simultaneous government. These findings are rather robust because they remain after controlling for several other variables.
Olympic homonationalisms
Authors: Sykes Heather
Published: October 2017

This photo essay examines modern queer politics and anti-colonial resistance in the Olympic cities of Vancouver, Sochi, London and Rio de Janeiro. Photos of advocacy and protests illustrate different forms of homonationalism gay and lesbian in each host city. These are juxtaposed with photos of indigenous, anti-colonial protests against the Olympics.
States of no exception: Expo 2015 in Milano
Authors: Bitter Sabine , Derksen Jeff , Weber Helmut
Published: October 2017

This photo-essay examines Expo 2015 in Milan, Italy in relation to the architectural, urban and political histories of world’s fairs and other mega-events. Beginning with the rejected masterplan by architects Herzog & de Meuron and Stefano Boeri, Expo 2015 aimed to reposition the role of the nation state architecturally and culturally. While individual national pavilions took up the traditional role of asserting their position within the world system, Expo 2015 made no cohesive argument for a future made better through capitalist development despite the theme of ‘Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life’. While presenting capitalism as a globally encompassing system to which there is no outside, Expo 2015 also recreated the uneven development within globalization and asserted a north–south developmental divide. Expo 2015 as an urban development engine within the city-region of Milan is also examined.
It’s not STI: It’s ITS – the Role of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) in Africa’s Development Strategy
Authors: Clark Norman , Frost Andy
Published: October 2017

This article argues that the use of the term ‘science, technology and innovation’ (STI) as a proxy for innovative activity is not only conceptually wrong, it is also misleading. This is particularly an issue in policy analysis for low-income countries (LICs) where it tends to support resource allocation to scientific institutions at the expense of more relevant development interventions affecting the economy as a whole. The article focuses on recent sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regional science policy initiatives and uses a relevant Department for International Development (DFID) aid programme to provide empirical support.
Avaliação de Funcionamento da UPA 24 H de Capim Grosso
Authors: Lima Fernanda Santos , Santos Gilson Da Silva , Silva Grasiela De Oliveira , Nascimento Manoel Junior Ferreira do , Alexandre Lucimara Araújo Campos
Published: October 2017

Trata-se de um estudo de caso que buscou descrever o funcionamento da Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas e análise de relatórios, tendo como sujeitos do estudo profissionais que tratam diretamente com gestão financeira e administrativa da unidade estudada. Os resultados indicam que a instituição é referência na assistência às urgências tanto para o município sede como para os municípios circunvizinhos. Os resultados apontam a necessidade da Atenção Básica de se integrar com os demais níveis de atenção para o sucesso da proposta da PNAU.
Identificação de terminologias comuns em trabalhos científicos: O plágio e suas implicações
Authors: Oliveira Gislene Farias de
Published: October 2017

Em quase todo o mundo, principalmente em países europeus como a Ingleterra, a apropriação de idéias, palavras e imagens de uma pessoa, por outra inadvertidamente e sem os devidos créditos, é considerada uma prática muito repudiada, principalmente na educação superior. Até, uma pequena parte  de seu manuscrito que contenha plágio, pode ter sérias consequências, seja em atribuição de notas insuficientes ou até a expulsão da instituição de ensino.
Expandindo a significação em sala de aula de PLE: Encaminhamentos a partir de atividades de livros didáticos
Authors: Escarpinete Mariana Lins , Ferraz Mônica Mano Trindade
Published: October 2017

O presente trabalho é fruto da observação ao Livro Didático de Português como Língua Estrangeira (PLE) no tocante ao tratamento dado aos aspectos lexicais da língua em suas atividades com vias a aquisição/aprendizagem do Português Brasileiro. Depois de analisado os seguintes livros: 1. Novo Avenida Brasil (volume 1 e 2); 2. Brasil Intercultural: Língua e Cultura Brasileira para estrangeiros (Nível 1); 3. Bem-Vindo! A Língua Portuguesa no mundo da comunicação (Completo), foram selecionadas algumas atividades que incorporavam as relações de sinonímia e antonímia e hiperonímia/hiponímia - fundamentais para a efetivação da aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira – expandindo a propositura e reflexão da questão, possibilitando uma maior aprendizagem de PLE. A relevância deste trabalho é dada ao papel da Semântica, especificamente ao que concerne ás relações lexicais para o ensino de PLE. Fortificamo-nos na hipótese de que o ensino do léxico na construção dos sentidos no texto é essencial para a formação do estrangeiro na língua-alvo, pois, ao pensar a significação na elaboração das práticas de ensino, o repertório vocabular do aprendente vai sendo construído sob a égide do contexto de uso da língua, de comunicação.
Gestão do Armazenamento e Disponibilidade de Água: Um comparativo entre a região Centro Sul Cearense e a Nordeste Gaúcha
Authors: Lavor Anna Ariane Araújo de , Silva Antônio Carlos Alves da , Ribeiro Mariana Emídio Oliveira , Turatti Luciana
Published: October 2017

O presente artigo relata uma comparação entre duas regiões distintas do país, compreendendo que o Brasil é um país continental e que a condição do semiárido nordestino é bem peculiar em relação às demais regiões como é o caso do Rio Grande do Sul. Deste modo, foram levantados dados das políticas de armazenamento de água das regiões Nordeste e Sul do Brasil. No estudo de caso em questão, os resultados das pesquisas demonstraram que a capacidade máxima das bacias que abastecem Caxias do Sul é de 62.435.920,70m³, para uma população de 435.564 hab, já os município de Icó e Orós são abastecidos por dois reservatórios que totalizam 2.166.382.000m³ de capacidade, abastecendo uma população de 86.845 hab. Comparando a quantidade de reserva máxima de água por habitante, encontra-se a seguinte proporção 24.945,39m³/hab no Ceará e 143,34m³/hab no Rio Grande do Sul. Neste sentido foi verificado as diferenças nas políticas de gestão dos recursos hídricos com a disponibilização para a população. A principal diferença no planejamento e gestão no armazenamento de água nas duas regiões se deve aos longos períodos de estiagem na região Nordeste, enquanto as chuvas na região Sul ocorrem com mais regularidade durante o ano, havendo a necessidade de armazenamento de uma quantidade de água muito maior por período de tempo que pode ser de vários anos.
Oneração da Máquina Pública decorrente de ausência de mecanismos eficientes das compras e anuência de ‘doutrina’ particular
Authors: Silva Raimundo Alves De Lira , Caffé Filho Hesler Piedade
Published: October 2017

Este artigo examina a influência negativa que a liberdade de entendimento exercida pelo judiciário sobre o estado, sobre as normas jurídicas e sobre os demais poderes constitucionais. Partindo da teoria dos fundamentos do Estado, tem-se como ponto focal a ideia de que há relações verticais de entendimento entre as categorias profissionais, estando os juristas do topo do vértice. Argumenta-se que as aplicações das leis não estão em conformidade com o sentido de lei, ‘legere’ e menos ainda com seu objetivo, sendo os entendimentos contraditório e pessoal. Que muitos entendimentos sobre um mesmo tema não é sentido de edificação sólida de entendimento mais sim, desordem e prejuízo ao verdadeiro detentor do entendimento – o povo. Analisa o mecanismo de controle, já proposto por outras categorias profissionais, porém não considerado com a devida atenção pela categoria predominante – as ciências jurídicas. Como solução para estancar a corrupção em contratações públicas, argumenta-se que o Pregão, unicamente na forma eletrônica é peça chave para impetrar essa finalidade. Os resultados empíricos dão suporte a essa ideia, o que tão somente se soma as evidencias lastradas em toda a história deste país e a onda de danos ao erário epidêmica e sistemática que assola o pais desde a sua colonização.