bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transport Efficiency of AtGTR1 Dependents on the Hydrophobicity of Transported Glucosinolates
Authors: Chung Yi-Chia , Cheng Hao-Yu , Wang Wei-Tung , Chang Yen-Jui , Lin Shih-Ming
Published: October 2021

Glucosinolates (GLSs) are a group of secondary metabolites that are involved in the defense of herbivores. In Arabidopsis thaliana, Glucosinolate Transporter 1 (AtGTR1) transports GLSs with high affinity via a proton gradient-driven process. In addition to transporting GLSs, AtGTR1 also transports phytohormones, jasmonic acidisoleucine (JA-Ile), and gibberellin (GA). However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the broad substrate specificity of AtGTR1. Here, we characterized the substrate preference of AtGTR1 by using a yeast uptake assay, and the results revealed that GLS transport rates are negatively correlated with the hydrophobicity of substrates. Interestingly, the AtGTR1 showed a higher substrate affinity for GLSs with higher hydrophobicity, suggesting a hydrophobic substrate binding pocket. In addition, a competition assay revealed that the presence of JA, salicylic acid (SA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) inhibits the transport of GLSs in yeast, suggesting a potential regulatory mechanism of AtGTR1. To further characterize the functional properties of AtGTR1, mutagenesis experiments confirmed that the conserved EXXEK motif and Arg166 are essential for the GLS transport function. In addition, the purified AtGTR1 adopts a homodimeric conformation, which is possibly regulated by phosphorylation on Thr105. The phosphomimetic mutation, T105D, reduced its protein expression and completely abrogated its GLS transport function, indicating the essential role of phosphorylation on AtGTR1. In summary, this study investigated various factors associated with the GLS transport and increased our knowledge on the substrate preferences of AtGTR1. These findings contribute to understanding how the distribution of defense GLSs is regulated in plants and could be used to improve crop quality in agriculture.
Association Between IL-23 and Coronary Arterial Lesions in Children with Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Su Ya , Feng Siqi , Liu Ruixi , Yi Qijian
Published: October 2021

The pathogenesis of coronary artery lesions (CALs) in KD patients has been thought of as an unknown stimulus that triggers an inflammatory cascade with activation of the immune system. However, interleukin-23 (IL-23) is supposed as a key cytokine in inflammatory and autoimmunity diseases. The role of IL-23 in the pathogenesis of CALs has not been fully elucidated. This study explored the relationship between the serum IL-23 levels and CALs in patients with KD. We collected blood specimens from 90 children with KD before intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. Levels of IL-23, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10, MCP-1 and VEGF were measured in 190 cases, including 4 groups: KD with CALs (n = 46), KD without CALs (n = 44), febrile control group, (FC, n = 40) and normal control group, (NC, n = 60). Clinical parameters were tested in all subjects. IL-23 was significantly elevated in the KD group compared with the febrile and normal control groups, especially increased in the KD patients with CALs. Serum levels of IL-23 in KD patients were positively associated with WBC, CRP, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10, MCP-1, and VEGF in children with KD. In conclusion, IL-23 may be involved in the pro-inflammatory process and the pathogenesis of CALs in KD patients.
First Report of Nosocomial Outbreak of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Faecium Infection Among COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in a Non-Intensive Care Unit Ward in Central Europe
Authors: Jalali Yashar , Šturdík Igor , Jalali Monika , Kyselovič Ján , Liptáková Adriána , Kološová Andrea , Böhmer Miroslav , Szemes Tomáš , Stuchlík Stanislav , Payer Juraj
Published: October 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 exerted immense pressure on health care systems worldwide, causing substantial resources to be diverted to respond to the pandemic. These changes raise the concern about the potential for reduction in adherence to long-established measures in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Enterococcus species account for most of human enterococcal HAI and multidrug-resistant infections and have become a major threat to modern public health. We examine the rise in the number of vancomycin resistant E. faecium blood stream and urinary tract infections in a COVID-19 department during an epidemiologic outbreak investigation to detect and eliminate nosocomial clusters of the bacteria. Methods: Strain identification was performed by classical isolation and biochemical and cultivation methods. Antibiotic testing results were interpreted according to European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST) guidelines. Six isolated samples underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS) during the outbreak investigation. Isolate relatedness was determined using core genome multilocus sequence typing.Results: WGS revealed two genotypically distinct VRE clusters, one of which had genetically closely related patient and environmental isolates. The cluster was terminated by enhanced infection control strategies.Conclusions: This study provides the first description of an outbreak caused by vanA-ST17 E. faecium strains among COVID-19 patients in central Europe, and the first description of an outbreak caused by vanB-ST117 and vanA-ST17 E. faecium strains in Slovakia. This study can help raise awareness about the need for strict adherence to infection control measures and the implementation of rational antimicrobial stewardship as a routine part of COVID-19 management.
Electroencephalography Patterns in Children with First Unprovoked Seizure
Authors: Gunawan Prastiya Indra , Kurube Claudia Magdalena Felisia , Noviandi Riza , Samosir Sunny Mariana
Published: October 2021

Background

First unprovoked seizure (FUS) is a neurological health problem that occurs in an estimated 2% of children aged 16 years or younger. Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological technique to record electrical activities arising from the brain; this technique can be used to evaluate patients with suspected seizures, epilepsy, and unusual concomitants. The objective of this study is to describe the EEG patterns in children with FUS and the factors associated with these EEG results.
Method

A retrospective analytic study was conducted in the Neuropaediatric Clinic, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital. The medical record data were obtained from January 2018 to December 2019. Children aged one month to 18 years with FUS and their complete EEG records were included. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test with Cochran's Q test and Mantel–Haenszel tests were used for statistical calculations.
Results

One hundred participants enrolled the study. The majority (54%) showed abnormal EEG, which was dominated by epileptiform discharges (68.5%) consisting of benign epileptiform with centro-temporal spikes (BECTS), focal and generalized sharp waves, focal and generalized spikes, and EEG seizures. Factors associated with abnormal EEG results were children aged ≥ 5 years (p = 0.07, OR = 3.093, 95% CI = 1.361–7.030), focal seizure type (p = 0.021, OR = 6.286, 95% CI = 1.327–29,779), and long seizure duration ≥ 5 minutes (p < 0.001, OR = 8.333, 95% CI = 3.029–22.929).
Conclusion

Children with abnormal EEG were at risk for recurrent seizures. Over 50% of children with FUS had abnormal EEG results. In the present study, abnormal EEG results were frequently found in children with FUS, especially in older children (≥ 5 years old), those with focal seizures, and those with long seizure durations (≥ 5 minutes).
Paramedic Perception of Endotracheal Intubation Performance: an Examination of Irish Advanced Paramedic Demographics, Characteristics, Confidence and Perceived Barriers to the Performance of Advanced Airway Management.
Authors: Horan Alan , Masterson Siobhán , O'Donnell Cathal , Hennelly David
Published: October 2021

BackgroundMuch research has occurred internationally with regard to the prehospital ETI (endotracheal intubation), however to date little is known of Paramedics perception of the procedure. In order to gain insight into procedural perception Irish Advanced Paramedics (AP) were invited to participate in an electronic survey. This survey attempted to gather information surrounding AP’s experience of education for and performance of ETI, to identify procedural barriers and gain insight in to the continuing developmental needs of AP’s to maintain confidence and competence in ETI performance. MethodsAn online questionnaire was created and AP’s employed by the National Ambulance Service and the Dublin Fire Brigade, were invited to participate. The objective was to measure the characteristics, attitudes and perceived barriers to ETI by AP’s in Ireland. Participants were asked to categorise their personal characteristics of ETI (frequency, techniques, barriers) through a series of 36 structured questions and answers. ResultsOf the 524 AP surveyed the response rate was 27% (n=140) 77.9% of respondents perform ETI 10 times or less per year. 26.6% of respondents maintain a personal airway management log book. 97.8% of respondents reported ETI as being an important AP skill. Most felt confident at performing the procedure but felt it was of moderate difficulty. There was a lack of consensus on the definition of a failed intubation attempt. Initial supervised intubation practice in Hospital or the clinical skill lab was felt to be very important. Most respondents felt that there should be a minimum number of intubations performed by a paramedic each year, and that if this number was not achieved in the pre-hospital setting in-hospital practice should be an available alternative.Conclusion ETI is perceived to be an important skill by Paramedics. In practice there is wide variances in standards of data reporting, continuing assessment and competency assurance in ETI. A hybrid approach of individuals maintaining an airway portfolio which encompasses a clinical airway logbook, self-directed airway simulation with periodic senior peer appraisal and in-hospital clinical feedback may be the best approach for Paramedics with limited pre-hospital advanced airway management opportunities.
Factors Affecting Health-related Quality of Life Among Thalassemia Patients, 2020, Sana’a-Yemen
Authors: Gafer Abdullah Ali , Al-Rabeei Nabil Ahmed , Al-Awar Mohammed Sadeg
Published: October 2021

Background: Identifying and understanding the variables that influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with thalassemia is critical to creating more appropriate clinical, counseling, and social support programs to develop treatment results for these individuals. The purpose of this investigation is to investigate the variables that are related with HRQOL in thalassemic patients in Yemen. Methods: From July to September 2020, a descriptive, cross-sectional investigation was carried out among Thalassemia patients who attended the Yemen Society for Thalassemia. a total of 344 individuals with Thalassemia between the ages of 5 and 18 years old. Data were gathered by utilizing the Pediatric Quality of Life 4.0 as face to face interview with children and their parents. The scale consisted of four domains (Physical, emotional, social, and school functioning) and other related demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. coefficient tests as appropriate. Two-tailed, p-value <0.05 was regarded statistically considerable.Results:The findings of the investigation displayed that the Thalassemia patients were males with a percentage of (54.9%)Thetotal HRQoL mean score was found to be (50.6±16.5) with the highest mean scores in the social (69.3±20.2) and emotional (55.9±20.7) functioning domains. There was correlation between age, education, residency, and total HRQoL scores, which was statistically significant (P-value<0.05). There was correlation between iron overload complications, pre-transfusion Hb level, received iron chelation, and total HRQoL scores (P-value<0.05).Conclusions:Appropriate programs focused at providing psychological support to thalassemia patients are needed to improve their HRQoL. The results also supported the significance of keeping a pretransfusion hemoglobin level of at least 9-10.5 g/dL prior to the transfusion procedure.
Climate-driven shifts in kelp forest composition reduce carbon sequestration potential
Authors: Wright Luka , Pessarrodona Albert , Foggo Andy
Published: October 2021

The potential contribution of kelp to blue carbon sinks is currently of great interest. In the Northeast Atlantic, kelp forest composition is changing due to climate-driven poleward range shifts of cold temperate Laminaria digitata and L. hyperborea and warm temperate L. ochroleuca. To understand how this might affect carbon sequestration potential, we quantified interspecific differences in carbon export and decomposition alongside changes in detrital photophysiology and biochemistry. We found that warm temperate kelp decomposes up to 155% faster than its boreal congeners, likely due to lower carbon and polyphenolic content. Faster decomposition further causes its detrital photosynthetic apparatus to be overwhelmed after 20 d and lose integrity after 36 d, while cold temperate species maintain carbon assimilation. Besides climate-driven phase shifts, heatwaves, forest miniaturisation, decompositional acceleration and coastal darkening, compositional change such as the predicted dominance of L. ochroleuca will likely reduce the carbon sequestration potential of these temperate forests.
Fine-tuning of the Grain Size by Alternative Splicing of GS3 in Rice
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhou Ying , Mao Feng , Gu Yujuan , Tang Ziwei , Xin Yi , Liu Fuxia , Tang Tang , Gao Hui , Zhao Xiangxiang
Published: October 2021

Grain size is subtly regulated by multiple signaling pathways in rice. Alternative splicing is a general mechanism that regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. However, to our knowledge, the molecular mechanism underlying grain size regulation by alternative splicing is largely unknown. GS3, the first identified QTL for grain size in rice, is regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational level. In this study, we identified that GS3 is subject to alternative splicing. GS3.1 and GS3.2, two dominant isoforms, accounts for about 50% and 40% of total transcripts, respectively. GS3.1 encodes the full-length protein, while GS3.2 generated a truncated proteins only containing OSR domain due to a 14 bp intronic sequence retention. Genetic analysis revealed that GS3.1 overexpressors decreased grain size, but GS3.2 showed no significant effect on grain size. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GS3.2 disrupts GS3.1 signaling by competitive occupation of RGB1. Therefore, we draw a conclusion that the alternative splicing of GS3 decreases the amount of GS3.1 and GS3.2 disrupts the GS3.1 signaling to inhibit the negative effects of GS3.1 to fine-tune grain size. Moreover, the mechanism is conserved in cereals rather than in Cruciferae, which is associated with its effects on grain size. The results provide a novel, conserved and important mechanism underlying grain size regulation at the post-transcriptional level in cereals.
The Cost of Caring: Compassion Fatigue Among Peer Workers in Overdose Response Settings in British Columbia
Authors: Mamdani Zahra , McKenzie Sophie , Ackermann Emma , Voyer Rayne , Cameron Fred , Scott Tracy , Pauly Bernadette (Bernie) , Buxton Jane A.
Published: October 2021

Background

The drug toxicity crisis has had dramatic impacts upon communities of people who use substances. Peer workers, individuals with lived/living experience of substance use who work in overdose response settings, are particularly susceptible to negative impacts on wellbeing caused by this crisis. Coupled with the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic including reduced capacity and hours of overdose prevention services and physical distancing regulations, the burden placed upon peers is large. However, these mental health impacts have yet to be studied and measured.
Methods

The Professional Quality of Life Scale survey (Version 5) was taken by 47 peer workers between September 2020 and March 2021 to assess compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. It was administered as a part of a larger survey administered by peer research assistants - to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions identified and implemented through a peer-led project. Some questions from the tool were also asked prior to implementation of the intervention (September 2020). Participants were recruited by their organizational managers and paid a $25 honorarium.
Results

Our study uncovered a HIGH mean score for compassion satisfaction, a LOW mean score for burnout, and a MEDIUM mean score for secondary traumatic stress among peers working in overdose response settings in British Columbia. We also found changes before and after implementation of the intervention. After implementation, peer workers felt more satisfied from their work, more connected to others, less worn out and were less affected by the traumatic stress of those they help.
Conclusion

Although peers derive significant pleasure and fulfillment from their jobs, i.e., compassion satisfaction, they also face considerable feelings of overwhelmingness, i.e. burnout, and stress due to continuous exposure to the trauma of the people they support, i.e. secondary traumatic stress. These results lay the groundwork for further research on the intersectional factors contributing to negative mental health impacts upon peer workers and highlight potential strategies that bolster the fulfillment they derive from their jobs.
Borderline Personality Disorder and the Big Five: Molecular Genetic Analyses Indicate Shared Genetic Architecture with Neuroticism and Openness
Authors: Streit Fabian , Witt Stephanie , Awasthi Swapnil , Foo Jerome , Jungkunz Martin , Frank Josef , Colodro-Conde Lucia , Hindley Guy , Smeland Olav , Maslahati Tolou , Schwarze Cornelia , Schott Björn , Hartmann Annette , Giegling Ina , Zillich Lea , Sirignano Lea , Poisel Eric , Chen Chi-Hua , Nöthen Markus , Mobascher Arian , Rujescu Dan , Lieb Klaus , Dahmen Norbert , Roepke Stefan , Schmahl Christian , Bohus Martin , Ripke Stephan , Rietschel Marcella , Andreassen Ole
Published: October 2021

Both environmental (e.g. interpersonal traumatization during childhood and adolescence) and genetic factors may contribute to the development of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Twin studies assessing borderline personality symptoms/features in the general population indicate that genetic factors underlying these symptoms/features are shared in part with the personality traits of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality – the “Big Five". In the present study, the genetic overlap of BPD with the Big Five -Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism- was assessed. Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to calculate genetic correlations between a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in central European populations on BPD (N = 2,543) and GWAS on the “Big Five” (N = 76,551–122,886, Neuroticism N = 390,278). Significant positive genetic correlations were found between BPD and the traits Neuroticism (rg=.34, p=6.3*10−5) and Openness (rg=.24, p=.036), but not between BPD and the other personality traits (all |rg|<.14, all p>.30). A cluster and item-level analysis showed positive correlations with the Neuroticism clusters “Depressed Affect” and “Worry”, and with a broad range of Neuroticism items (N = 348,219 – 376,352). The observed associations indicate a partially shared genetic background of BPD and the personality traits Neuroticism and Openness. Larger GWAS of BPD and the “Big Five” are needed to further explore the role of personality traits in the etiology of this disorder.
Minimal bone resorption after open treatment of mandibular condylar head fractures
Authors: Neuhaus Michael-Tobias , Gellrich Nils-Claudius , Zeller Alexander-Nicolai , Bartella Alexander Karl-Heinz , Sander Anna Katharina , Lethaus Bernd , Halama Dirk , Zimmerer Rüdiger Martin
Published: October 2021

Open treatment of condylar base and neck fractures is widely recommended, whereas treatment of condylar head fractures is still controversial and just is removal of osteosynthesis material. In this study, bone resorption and remodelling after open treatment of condylar head fractures were three-dimensionally (3D) assessed and correlated with clinical parameters in a medium follow-up. Of 18 patients with 25 condylar head fractures who underwent open reduction and internal fixation, clinical data and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) datasets were analysed. Condylar processes were segmented in the postoperative and follow-up CBCT scans. Volumetric and linear changes were measured using a sophisticated 3D-algorithm. In the course after surgery, patients function and pain improved significantly. Low rates of postoperative complications were observed. All 3D measurements showed no significant bone resorption during the follow-up period. Open reduction of condylar head fractures leads to good patients outcomes and low rates of long-term complications. This study underlines the feasibility and importance of open treatment of condylar head fractures and may help to spread its acceptance as the preferred treatment option.
Regular Exercise Training Enhances Spatial Memory and Regulates Glucocorticoid System in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Hafedh Muthanna , Parnow Abdolhossein , Jalili Cyrus , Patel Darpan I.
Published: October 2021

Background & objective: Exercise has been show to improve cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Experimentally, glucocorticoids (GCs) treatment has been observed to improve cognitive deterioration in an autoimmune model for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).We aimed to determine the combined effect of exercise and 4 mg/kg of dexamethasone (Dex) for 4 weeks on spatial memory in EAE.Materials & Methods: Rats with EAE were subjected to the Morris water maze (MWM) for four days and a prop test for one day. The prop test was repeated on day 40 post-induction (dpi).Rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups (10 rats per group): control EAE without treatment; EAE + dexamethasone, (EAE + Dex); EAE + exercise (EAE + Ex); and EAE+Dex+Ex . Rats receiving dexamethasone were administered 4 mg/kg injections daily for two weeks after EAE induction. We initiated exercise on a motorized treadmill 2 weeks before EAE induction and continued until 14 dpi. On day 41 animals were dissected and CORT level was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay corticosterone kit. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures followed by a protected LSD post hoc test.Results: indicated that, EAE+Ex group increased body weight (P < 0.001) and it displayed a significantly lower CORT concentration (P <0.001) with delayed the clinical score until day 13dpi. Further EAE+Ex improved memory by time spent (p > 0.001) and swimming speed (p>0.002).Conclusions : The protocol selected in this study was as effective treatment for the EAE model to improve spatial memory and regulate corticosterone concentrations.
Describing long-term opioid use utilizing Nordic Prescription Registers – A Norwegian example
Authors: Hamina Aleksi , Hjellvik Vidar , Handal Marte , Odsbu Ingvild , Skurtveit Svetlana
Published: October 2021

Previous studies have defined long-term opioid use in varying ways, decreasing comparability, reproducibility and clinical applicability of the research. Based on recent systematic reviews, we aimed to estimate long-term opioid use defined as use persisting more than three months using one of the Nordic prescription registers. We used the Norwegian Prescription Register (NorPD) to extract data on all opioid dispensations between January 1st 2004 and October 31st 2019. New users of opioids (washout 365 days) were defined as long-term users if they filled two criteria: 1) they had ≥2 dispensations of opioids, 91-180 days apart; 2) days 0-90 included ≥90 dispensed administration units (e.g., tablets) of opioids. Overall, there were 2,543,224 new users of opioids during the study period. Of these, 354,666 (13.9%) filled the criteria for long-term opioid use at least once. Compared to those who did not fill the criteria (short-term users), long-term users were older, more likely women, and used tramadol, oxycodone, and buprenorphine more frequently as their first opioid. In conclusion, we found that 1/7 of opioid users continued use longer than 3 months. Future outcome research should identify the clinically most important dose requirements for long-term opioid use criteria.
Ionic liquid-based multi-stage sugaring-out extraction of lactic acid from actual lignocellulosic fermentation broth
Authors: Sun Yaqin
Published: October 2021

In this study, ionic liquid-based sugaring-out extraction was developed to separate lactic acid from the synthetic solution and actual lignocellulosic fermentation broth. Except for [EOHmim]BF4, the ILs with BF4− and OTF− anion can form aqueous two-phase (ATP) systems with the aid of saccharides. With the same kind of saccharides, the ATP formation ability of ILs could be promoted by increasing the side-chain length of ILs in the order of [Hmim]BF4 ≈ [Bmim]BF4 ˃ [Emim]BF4 due to the decrease in ILs’ kosmotropicity. On the other hand, for the same type of ILs, an ATP system was formed more easily with glucose than with xylose. When IL concentration varied from 35% (w/w) to 40% (w/w) at a low glucose concentration of 15% (w/w), an interesting phase reversal was observed. When lactic acid was undissociated at pH 2.0, 51.8% LA and 92.3% [Bmim]BF4 were partitioned to the top phase, and 97.0% glucose to the bottom phase using an ATP system consisting of 25% (w/w) glucose and 45% (w/w) IL. The total recovery of LA would increase to 89.0% in three-stage sugaring-out extraction from synthetic solution. In three-stage sugaring-out extraction from the filtered and unfiltered fermentation broth obtained via simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of acid-pretreated corn stover by microbial consortium, the total recovery of LA was 89.5% and 89.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the total removal ratio of cells and pigments from the unfiltered broth was 68.4% and 65.4%, respectively. The results support IL-based sugaring-out extraction as a potential method for the recovery of lactic acid from actual fermentation broth.
Mediators involved in tooth resorption following delayed replantation: an experimental study
Authors: Silva Léa , Longo Daniele , Oliveira Fernanda Maria , Segato Raquel , Barbizam João , Cohenca Nestor , Paula-Silva Francisco
Published: October 2021

Inflammatory and replacement tooth resorption are common outcomes following tooth replantation, biological mediators involved in these processes are widely unknown. The aim study was to investigate molecules involved in tooth resorption following permanent tooth avulsion and delayed replantation. Dog premolars were extracted and kept dry for 20, 60 and 90 minutes (n= 30). The teeth were replanted, splinted. After 120 days, the animals were euthanized and tissues were removed for histological processing. Slides were stained for microscopic analysis, submitted to tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histoenzymology and immunostained for RANK, RANKL, OPG, alkaline phosphatase and periostin. Data obtained were submitted to statistical analysis using the chi-square, Fisher and one-way ANOVA tests (alpha= 0.05). In inflammatory resorption areas, TRAP + and RANK + osteoclasts surrounding the replanted teeth were identified, regardless of the extra-alveolar time. RANKL synthesis in this region was higher in longer extra-alveolar times and was more intense after keeping the tooth dry for 90 minutes compared to other periods. In the replacement reabsorption area, there was lower synthesis of periostin and higher alkaline phosphatase production. Inflammatory resorption was characterized by osteoclast recruitment and RANKL synthesis and replacement resorption was characterized by inhibition of periostin and alkaline phosphatase syntheses.
Grinding Force and Heat of Titanium Alloy Abrasive Belt and Its Effect on Surface Integrity
Authors: Liu Ying , Xu Jiayu , Xiao Guijian , Zhou Kun , Liu Gang
Published: October 2021

Key rotating parts such as integral blisks and blades of aero-engines are widely made of titanium alloys. Abrasive belt grinding is one of the effective methods to improve the surface integrity. However, the grinding process produces greater grinding force and higher Grinding temperature,which have an impact on surface quality. At present, the force-heat coupling relationship in the grinding process and its influence on surface quality have not been explored. In this paper, a titanium alloy belt experiment is carried out to detect the force and temperature in the grinding process, this paper explores the influence of the grinding process parameters on the grinding force and temperature, and analyzes the influence on surface integrity of the force and temperature in the grinding process. The results show that the decrease of the belt linear speed, the increase of the feed speed and the grinding depth leads to the increase of the grinding force, the decrease of the feed speed, the increase of the belt linear speed and the grinding depth cause the temperature to rise. The effect of grinding depth on grinding force and grinding temperature is the most significant. And High grinding force and grinding temperature will cause the surface quality to deteriorate and even more serious defects. However, when the maximum temperature of the grinding temperature field reaches above 120°C, the surface roughness of the workpiece decreases from 1.596μm to 1.093μm, and the height of the surface undulation is reduced from 32μm to 19μm. This paper provides a reference for improving the surface integrity of the grinding process.
Determining the Impacts of Educational Intervention based on PLST Extended Care model on Caregiving Methods and Improved Exposure to Challenging Behaviors of People with Dementia (PWD): A mixed-methods study
Authors: Zamani-Alavijeh Fereshteh , Zahed Shakiba , Emami Maryam , Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad , Barekatain Majid , Hassanzadeh Akbar , Eslami Ahmad Ali
Published: October 2021

Background: Psychological events in People with Dementia (PWD) lead to behavioral disorders which require targeted planning for caregivers on how to adapt to these behaviors. Progressively lowered stress threshold (PLST) model provides effective interventions for caregivers to adapt to the behaviors of People with Dementia (PWD). Therefore, this study aims to determine the impacts of educational intervention based on the progressively lowered Stress threshold extended (PLSTE) model on the caregiving of People with Dementia (PWD) in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This exploratory mixed methods study was initially conducted with a qualitative approach to content analysis type from May 2016 to June 2018. Data were collected in a qualitative stage through in-depth non-structured interviews with 29 People with Dementia (PWD)'s caregivers using the "new comment" command in a word and then analyzed. The researcher designed a multi-sectional questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, knowledge measurement, and monitoring the practice of caregivers. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by the panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed using the Cronbach alpha coefficient (knowledge section 0.838 and practice section 0.802). To adjust the intervention program, the educational content based on the PLSTE model was used for 38 caregivers available at two elderly nursing centers in Isfahan. The data were collected immediately and one month after the educational intervention using a questionnaire. Results: According to the results of the qualitative section of this study, the researcher was able to add a cultural and belief class, and then the related Intervention method to the PLST model. In the quantitative part, paired t-test indicated that the mean scores of knowledge, caregiving practice, and exposure to Challenging Behaviors (CB) in all dimensions of practice immediately and one a month after intervention were significantly higher than the mean scores before intervention (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Considering the impacts of this intervention, educating the caregivers with PLST extended the care model is recommended, with a specific focus on cultural and traditional issues of the society, to improve knowledge and practice of caregivers in caregiving skills and appropriate exposure to Challenging Behaviors People with Dementia (CBPWD). Trial registration No. IRCT20180421039370N1 -2019-01-11-http://www.irct.ir
Wenn eine Pandemie interveniert
Authors: Otto Laura K. , Philipp-Jahnke Nicole
Published: October 2021

Mit dem Beginn der COVID-19 Pandemie mussten Forscher:innen in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften weltweit ihre Forschungsvorhaben unterbrechen, neu konzeptionieren und ihre qualitativen methodischen Vorgänge überdenken. COVID-19 und die damit einhergehenden Maßnahmen intervenieren in lang etablierte und für ‚normal‘ empfundene Praktiken der Feldforschung. Die Frage (von) wo und mit wem Forschung möglich ist, erfährt neue Dringlichkeit und Reflexion. Für Feldforscher:innen bedeutet diese Intervention, neue Feldzugänge und Wege der Materialerhebung finden zu müssen. Dieser Beitrag analysiert sowohl qualitative, leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Ethnograph:innen als auch Blogbeiträge, um Forschungsherausforderungen und -praktiken, die unter den Bedingungen der COVID-19-Pandemie entstehen, zu diskutieren. Im Fokus steht die Analyse impliziter Annahmen und etablierter Gütekriterien ethnographischer Forschung, die durch die aktuelle Intervention sicht- und diskutierbar werden. Wir reflektieren diese Erkenntnisse und ihre Bedeutung für das Forschen in pandemischen Zeiten und darüber hinaus.
Organizational competitiveness: a systematic literature review
Authors: Kotenko Stanislav , Heiets Iryna , Yacout Dina
Published: October 2021

One of the basic economic laws that reflect the patterns of economic phenomena is the law of competition. According to it, in a market economy, those business entities with certain competitive advantages operate and develop successfully. Within the competitive market, organizations are forced to increase their competitiveness, forming certain competitive advantages in the appropriate space-time conditions. Globalization and integration trends make more stringent and complex requirements for various enterprises, leading to increased competition in national and international markets. The multifactorial dependence of organizational competitiveness makes it possible to form new ways to increase the level of this indicator. Endogenous and exogenous factors, in turn, create functional links between different sectors of the economy. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the concept of "Organizational competitiveness" using numerous software tools to identify links between factors of organizational competitiveness, its source, and antecedents. The methods used in the study include initial keyword search, data analysis and refinement, and clustering. Harzing's Publish or Perish tool is used for initial investigation, BibExcel, VOSviewer, and MS Excel - for data analysis and refinement. The article uses data from the three most significant databases of scientific publications: Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. Searching and comparing information taken from several sources allows for a comprehensive analysis of the literature and understanding of the principles of bibliometric maps of publications. In the framework of this study, the authors formed and analyzed cluster groups of concepts, the principles of their grouping, developed scientific approaches to clustering key terms in several databases. The relevance of this study lies in its impact on the process of forming conceptual clusters. With the help of the proposed scientific approaches, it is possible to explain the dependencies in the cluster distribution of individual definitions, their relationship with each other, the degree of belonging to a particular factor of organizational competitiveness.
Effect of undergraduate student age on work-integrated learning preparation and experience
Authors: Adegbite Waliu , Govender Cookie M.
Published: October 2021

Work-integrated learning (WIL) is a strategy to create effective talent pools and meet business needs for competent and work-ready graduates. There are limited empirical studies on how WIL student demographic profiles (i.e., age) may affect the effectiveness of WIL projects and learning experience. Guided by the research question: Does undergraduate student age affect WIL preparation and experience? A survey was conducted through a quantitative approach among final year undergraduate students who participated in the WIL programme. Sixty-six copies of the questionnaire were distributed, forty retrieved and consider valid for further analysis. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings show that age could be an important factor in a student's WIL experience. Students in the age group of 21 years may have better WIL experiences than younger or older WIL students. Although age is not considered a major factor in determining overall WIL experiences, student demographical information is important for successful WIL projects. Findings further show that WIL preparation is an important factor towards better WIL project outcomes and enhanced student experiences. This paper adds to the body of knowledge on WIL student demographic considerations and creates awareness that student demographics must be considered if WIL projects are to be successful.
Determination of occlusal connections in patients with congenital cleft lip and palate before and after their orthopedic rehabilitation
Authors: Ilyk Roman , Oliynyk Markiyan
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to define and analyze the reproducibility of occlusal relationships according to the results of occlusogram in jaw closure using quantitative analysis of occlusion in adult patients with congenital cleft lip and palate before and after their prosthesis with different versions of dentures and types of their constructive features.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 37 patients with congenital cleft lip and palate, 11 (29.73 %) of whom had right-sided clefts, 11 (29.73 %) – left-sided and 15 (40.54 %) – bilateral.

The number of occlusal contact points was measured for all patients before the treatment and after the orthopaedic rehabilitation.

Research results. Significant differences were found between the number of occlusal contact points before (unusually small number) and after orthopaedic treatment (significant increase), regardless of the type of cleft (p<0.001). Such conditions in the oral cavity significantly complicate the tactics of orthopaedic rehabilitation, which affects the need to find more complex options for combinations of fixed and removable orthopaedic structures.

Conclusion. Based on the conditions and objectives of this study, the application of the basic principles of a multidisciplinary approach determine the possibility of rehabilitation of such patients by orthopedic methods by making different versions of orthopedic structures. Adequate and high-quality prosthesis for defects and deformations of the teeth rows and occlusion in patients with CCLP leads to improved occlusal relationships and increase in the number of occlusal contact points.
Creation of an observation network for assessment of the impact of the pig complex on the groundwater aquifer
Authors: Serdiuk Viktoriia , Maksin Viktor
Published: October 2021

Ukraine, as a party to the Association Agreement, in accordance with Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, recognizes water as the most expensive resource on our planet, which must be protected and saved. Every country and every inhabitant of the planet must do everything possible to reduce the thoughtless use of water and stop water pollution. The priority is the identification of water users and "polluters", as well as the detection and prevention of pollution of water resources, which includes the identification of water sampling points around potential sources of pollution. The aim of the research is to determine the impact of pig farms on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of groundwater using existing water intakes to preserve natural water resources from pollution and depletion. An important point for monitoring in this situation is the use of existing water intakes (bores and wells) without additional construction of observation bores and interference in the environment. To complete the study, it is necessary to create an observation (monitoring) network of selected points and establish the frequency of their study. The observation network should determine the level (static and dynamic) as well as the quality of groundwater, which reflects background concentrations (natural or "conditionally natural"). "Conditionally natural" concentrations may indicate an excess of pollutants, associated with anthropogenic impacts that occurred prior to the activities of a particular entity, in respect of which the study is conducted. Given the changes in the quality characteristics of water, caused by external factors, "conditionally natural" concentrations can be taken as background. The obtained information will allow, depending on the quality and quantity of groundwater (their level) to make management decisions on the management of groundwater resources. Groundwater in rural settlements near enterprises is in most cases the only source of water supply. The laboratory analysis of water samples from selected points in 2020 showed an excess of color, odor at 60 °C, turbidity, total iron in bores and wells. The detected elevations are due to the peculiarity of the geological structure (aquifer of Eocene sediments). The excess in the hydrogen index is almost 10 times from the surface water body, which can be taken as "conditionally natural" (background) with further study of the specific impact of the complex on the environment. The main indicators that may indicate direct contamination of the pig complex, such as nitrates, nitrites, ammonium nitrogen and microbiological studies, do not exceed the normalized values, set for drinking water. In this case, the specific indicators are within normal limits. Petroleum products were not detected in the studied samples
Productivity and viral diseases of seed potatoes depending on the period of potato desiccation
Authors: Vushnevska Olga , Dmytrenko Volodymyr , Zakharchuk Nataliia , Oliinyk Tetiana
Published: October 2021

The aim of the research was to determine the crop productivity, yield of tubers of seed fraction and infection of basic potato seeds with viral infection depending on the period of potato desiccation, application of mineral oil Sunspray, the number and species of winged aphids in the Polissia region of Ukraine. The study was conducted in the prebasic seed production nursery garden of the Institute for Potato Research, NAAS under the conditions of spatial isolation from the main sources and vectors of viral infections of potatoes, located in Nemishaieve, Borodiаnka distr., Kyiv region in the southern part of the Polissia region of Ukraine. The subject of the research is pre-basic and basic seed material of potatoes of mid ripening varieties Myroslava, Predslava, Alians. On average for 2018-2020 years of studies, the highest seed yield was obtained by potato desiccation 10 days after flowering of potatoes - 82.4-85.3 %. However, the level of total and seed yields was low. The efficiency of seed potato production increased with the haulm removal after 20 days - with the total yield depending on the variety 20.6-30.0 t/ha, the yield of seed tubers was in the range of 20.6-22.9 t/ha with the seed content in the crop structure - 71.0-76.3 %. Late haulm removal – on 30th and 40th days after potatoes flowering caused an increase in the yield of tubers of non-standard fraction, with desiccation on 30th day, the seed content in the crop decreased by 61.1-66.0 %, and with desiccation on 40th – by 54-59.8 %. Thus, during the early haulm removal, part of the crop was lost, which during haulm removal in the late stages consisted of large tubers. It has been found out, that potato plants, where the haulm removal during 2018, 2019 was carried out within 10 days after flowering, which was 4.0 % (9.0 % for the check) for the Myroslav potato variety, 3.0 % (10.0 % for the check) for the Predslava potato variety and 4.0 % (9.0 % for the check) for the Alians potato variety were the least infected with PVM. The level of PVM infection when removing the haulm on the 10th day after flowering with the application of Sunspray mineral oil at a rate of 6.0 l/ha decreased on average for the three varieties by 1.5–2.5 %. The best option to preserve the quality characteristics of seed potatoes was to desiccate the potato haulm on 20th day after flowering of potato varieties Myroslava, Predslava and Alians and the application of mineral oil Sunspray - 6.0 l / ha. The yield was 28.8-30.0 t/ha, seed fraction 20.6-22.9, seed yield - 71.0-76.3 %, viral PVM infection was 2.0 3.0 %
Effect of the improved protein-mineral additive on structural-mechanical characteristics of minced meat
Authors: Leshchenko Kateryna , Serik Maksym , Pyvovarov Yevgen , Zahorulko Andrii , Zagorulko Aleksey
Published: October 2021

The results of research on the effect of protein-mineral improved additive (PMIA) on the rheological parameters of minced meat, which can be used for manufacturing culinary products, including chopped semi-finished products of a high degree of readiness, are presented. It has been proven, that the additive can be used both as an ingredient, enriching calcium-digestible compounds and to improve a number of technological properties of minced meat, in particular after freezing, storage and thawing. The aim of the study was to determine the dependences of changes in the structural and mechanical characteristics of minced meat after the addition of PMIA and subsequent freezing to a temperature of –16…–18 °C and storage for 20 days.

It has been found, that the addition of up to 7 % of PMIA leads to a marked increase in the conditionally instantaneous modulus of elasticity and highly elastic modulus in 4.4 times for minced beef and 2.7 and 4.4 times for chicken, respectively. It has been established, that the best stabilization of these indicators after freezing occurs at the content of PMIA at the level of 2…5 %. Studies of plastic viscosity and adhesion have shown that the use of up to 7 % of PMIA leads to an increase of 11…20 % and 26…64 %, respectively. After freezing, the plastic viscosity and adhesion of minced beef in the control decreased by 22.0 and 52 %, respectively, minced chicken – by 23.4 and 40.9 %. In the samples with a content of 7 % of PMIA, the decrease in plastic viscosity and adhesion is 7.2 and 4.4 % in minced beef and in chicken – 5.9 and 3.1 % respectively.

It has been proven, that the use of PMIA in the amount of up to 7 % in the technology of minced meat production minimizes the negative destructive effect of low temperatures on the structural and mechanical characteristics of the finished product. Thus, it is expedient to use up to 7.0 % of the improved protein-mineral additive in the composition of minced meat to enrich the finished product with digestible calcium compounds and improve their structural and mechanical characteristics, in particular after freezing and storage