bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Use of Edutech and Student' Learning Performance and Academic Emotions: Focusing on the Learning Review Phase in Business Class
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Sung Haengnam
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to check the effectiveness of the learning review phase by using edutech instead of traditional teaching methods for university students who have taken business classes. Two homogeneous groups were selected and conducted by the method of experimental research to determine whether there was a significant difference in the use of edutech. Pre-test and post-test were conducted for each group to find out the difference in academic emotions and learning performance between comparative groups. As a result of the study, the learning review phase using edutech had a positive effect on the academic emotions of university students, and the improvement of academic emotions was significant, especially in the group with low learning performance. In addition, male students also showed significant improvement in their academic emotions in the learning review phase. Based on the research results, it is suggested that a differentiated approach and curriculum design according to gender is needed through the active use of edutech.
A Case Study and Effectiveness of Class with AI for Pre-service Teachers
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Seo Hannah , Kwon Hyejin , Joe Yeonjik
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine a instructional case and effectiveness in order to derive implications for designing AI education courses for pre-service teachers. To this end, we conducted a preliminary survey of 50 elementary and secondary pre-service teachers at a four-year university in the Seoul, and found that perceived usefulness had a significant effect on the intention to adopt AI technology, and based on this, we designed a class that considered the usefulness of AI. The designed AI utilization class was validated by two pedagogical experts, and the final design was derived and applied to the class. To verify the effectiveness of the program, we conducted a paired t-test and found that AI class was effective. The post-test showed that perceived usefulness and social influence were positively related to the intention to use of AI. Therefore, AI utilization education for pre-service teachers should focus primarily on the usefulness of AI in teaching and learning, but should also consider various independent variables that affect technology acceptance.
The Jewishness in Characters, Themes, and Literary Styles of Arthur Miller's Plays
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Nam JungAe
Published: January 2024

This study aims to identify Jewish characteristics in Arthur Miller's eight major plays, focusing on their characters, themes, and writing styles. As a Jewish American immigrant, Miller has been praised for portraying the American ego or culture. Until now, criticism of Miller's plays has taken his imperfect American self for granted as the standard of universality. Critics analyzed only the form and content revealed on the surface of the plays, which have become ambiguous due to the author's double identities. Miller presents a typical American middle-class character on the surface of his works but, in deep structure, projects the collective Jewish ideology and prophetic discourses oriented toward the Old Testament. This study redefines the propositions of 'Modern Tragedy,' 'Common Man,' and 'Whole Social Drama' that Miller claimed to emphasize the universality of his works. The analysis of Miller's plays' characters, themes, and writing styles reveals that he reflects his Jewish identity more strongly than his American ego.
ANALISIS ASPEK KEUANGAN DAN FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN SEKTOR PERIKANAN TANGKAP UNIT PENGELOLA PELABUHAN PERIKANAN NUSANTARA MUARA ANGKE, JAKARTA UTARA
Authors: Mutiara Amalina Khairisa  , Pertiwi Pepi Rospina
Published: January 2024

Harga BBM khususnya solar yang mendapat subsidi pemerintah dan solar industri mengalami kenaikan. Data tahun 2022 menunjukkan rantai pasokan akan terpengaruh oleh kenaikan biaya perbekalan sehingga banyak kapal yang tidak melaut. Akibatnya, dengan ekspedisi penangkapan ikan yang lebih sedikit, nelayan harus meminimalisir biaya perbekalan dan memaksimalkan keuntungan. Sebagian besar pemilik kapal belum mendapatkan keuntungan dari investasi mereka dalam periode 2-8 tahun pasca-penangkapan. Arus kas bersih, yang merupakan selisih antara arus kas masuk dan arus kas keluar, negatif selama periode waktu ini, membuat investasi tidak layak pada saat ini. Dampak Akibat langsung dari wabah Covid-19, pendapatan harian nelayan turun. Persentase penurunan pendapatan nelayan berkisar 40 sampai 50 persen setiap hari. Hal ini terutama disebabkan oleh harga ikan di daerah tertentu yang bisa turun hingga 50 persen. Investasi yang cukup representatif untuk sampel kapal nelayan yang ditangkap di Muara Angke yang telah berjalan selama 2-8 tahun terakhir tidak layak untuk selanjutnya karena arus kas bersih masih lebih rendah dari nol, dan tingkat pengembalian di bawah tingkat suku bunga yang ditetapkan yaitu sebesar 12%.
The interaction of influenza A virus RNA polymerase PA subunit with the human β-actin protein
Authors: Gelmez Nazife , Çağlayan Elif , Turan Kadir
Published: January 2024

Influenza A viruses are enveloped viruses with a genome of eight single-stranded negative-sense RNA molecules. In virions, RNA segments are found as vRNPs associated with NP proteins. The RdRp enzyme, which catalyzes the replication/transcription of the viral genome, is carried as attached to vRNPs. In this study, it was demonstrated that the PA subunit of the viral RdRp interacts with β-actin proteins by the yeast two-hybrid assay. It was shown that the amino-terminal domains of the β-actin protein bind to the carboxy-terminal moiety of the viral PA protein in the mammalian cells. The results were supported by in silico analysis. Over-expression of the β-actin protein was found to have a negative effect on the viral RdRp activity in mini-replicon, but its mechanism of action has remained unknown. The results suggest that the interaction of β-actin and PA protein, a component of vRNPs, may have a role in the intracellular trafficking of the influenza vRNPs and/or viral transcription.
Measuring cultural diversity: policy and methodological issues
Authors: Farchy Joëlle , M’Barki Julien
Published: January 2024

Cultural policies of the past decades in Europe and especially in France, have placed the objective of diversity at the heart of their field of action. However, no cultural diversity indicator is published, which would make it possible to evaluate the results of a policy in favour of diversity in audiovisual or music industries. However, we find in the scientific literature works that provide such measurement indicators. This article details the construction of these indicators and shows how they could be usefully mobilised in the service of new regulations in favour of cultural diversity on cultural online services.
Pilot study on the use of basophil activation tests and skin tests for the prevention of allergic transfusion reactions
Authors: Akiki Philippe , Dedeken Laurence , Ferster Alina , Doyen Virginie , Dupire Gwendy , Nagant Carole , Smet Julie , Ghorra Nathalie , Ruth Isabelle , Lauwers Maïlis , Daubie Valery , Corazza Francis , El Kenz Hanane
Published: January 2024

Background and objectives

Management of severe allergic transfusion reactions (ATR) is challenging. In this study, we investigate the usefulness of skin tests and basophil activation tests (BAT) in chronically transfused patients for the prevention of future ATR.

Materials and methods

BAT and skin tests were carried with the supernatant of red blood cell (RBC) units for a sickle-cell disease patient under chronic exchange transfusion who has presented a severe ATR, in order to prevent potential future ATR. If the results for both BAT and skin tests were negative, the RBC units could be transfused to the patient. If either one of the results was positive, the tested RBC unit was discarded for the patient.

Results

192 RBC units were tested with both tests. The level of results concordance between the two tests was 95%. Out of the 169 negative units with both tests, 118 units were transfused to the patient for which he presented no ATR.

Conclusion

In our study, combining both BAT and skin tests was associated with a good negative predictive value since we were able to safely transfuse our patient. Further studies are still necessary to confirm this result but this pilot study indicates that skin tests and BAT might help prevent ATR. When BAT is not available, skin tests may also be useful in preventing ATR.
Why strengthening gap junctions may hinder action potential propagation
Authors: Munro Krull Erin , Börgers Christoph
Published: January 2024

Gap junctions are channels in cell membranes allowing ions to pass directly between cells. They are found throughout the body, including heart myocytes, neurons, and astrocytes. In cardiac tissue and throughout the nervous system, an action potential (AP) in one cell can trigger APs in neighboring cells connected by gap junctions. It is known experimentally that there is an ideal gap junction conductance for AP propagation—lower or higher conductance can lead to propagation failure. We explain this phenomenon geometrically in branching networks by analyzing an idealized model that focuses exclusively on gap junction and AP-generating currents. As expected, the gap junction conductance must be high enough for AP propagation to occur. However, if the gap junction conductance is too high, then it dominates the cell's intrinsic firing conductance and disrupts AP generation. We also identify conditions for semi-active propagation, where cells in the network are not individually excitable but still propagate action potentials.
No-boundary thinking for artificial intelligence in bioinformatics and education
Authors: Patel Prajay , Pillai Nisha , Toby Inimary
Published: January 2024

No-boundary thinking enables the scientific community to reflect in a thoughtful manner and discover new opportunities, create innovative solutions, and break through barriers that might have otherwise constrained their progress. This concept encourages thinking without being confined by traditional rules, limitations, or established norms, and a mindset that is not limited by previous work, leading to fresh perspectives and innovative outcomes. So, where do we see the field of artificial intelligence (AI) in bioinformatics going in the next 30 years? That was the theme of a “No-Boundary Thinking” Session as part of the Mid-South Computational Bioinformatics Society’s (MCBIOS) 19th annual meeting in Irving, Texas. This session addressed various areas of AI in an open discussion and raised some perspectives on how popular tools like ChatGPT can be integrated into bioinformatics, communicating with scientists in different fields to properly utilize the potential of these algorithms, and how to continue educational outreach to further interest of data science and informatics to the next-generation of scientists.
Invasiveness of decompression surgery affects modeled lumbar spine kinetics in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis
Authors: Kosterhon M. , Müller A. , Rockenfeller R. , Aiyangar A. K. , Gruber K. , Ringel F. , Kantelhardt S. R.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The surgical treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with accompanying spinal stenosis focuses mainly on decompression of the spinal canal with or without additional fusion by means of a dorsal spondylodesis. Currently, one main decision criterion for additional fusion is the presence of instability in flexion and extension X-rays. In cases of mild and stable spondylolisthesis, the optimal treatment remains a subject of ongoing debate. There exist different opinions on whether performing a fusion directly together with decompression has a potential benefit for patients or constitutes overtreatment. As X-ray images do not provide any information about internal biomechanical forces, computer simulation of individual patients might be a tool to gain a set of new decision criteria for those cases.

Methods: To evaluate the biomechanical effects resulting from different decompression techniques, we developed a lumbar spine model using forward dynamic-based multibody simulation (FD_MBS). Preoperative CT data of 15 patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis at the level L4/L5 who underwent spinal decompression were identified retrospectively. Based on the segmented vertebrae, 15 individualized models were built. To establish a reference for comparison, we simulated a standardized flexion movement (intact) for each model. Subsequently, we performed virtual unilateral and bilateral interlaminar fenestration (uILF, bILF) and laminectomy (LAM) by removing the respective ligaments in each model. Afterward, the standardized flexion movement was simulated again for each case and decompression method, allowing us to compare the outcomes with the reference. This comprehensive approach enables us to assess the biomechanical implications of different surgical approaches and gain valuable insights into their effects on lumbar spine functionality.

Results: Our findings reveal significant changes in the biomechanics of vertebrae and intervertebral discs (IVDs) as a result of different decompression techniques. As the invasiveness of decompression increases, the moment transmitted on the vertebrae significantly rises, following the sequence intact ➝ uILF ➝ bILF ➝ LAM. Conversely, we observed a reduction in anterior–posterior shear forces within the IVDs at the levels L3/L4 and L4/L5 following LAM.

Conclusion: Our findings showed that it was feasible to forecast lumbar spine kinematics after three distinct decompression methods, which might be helpful in future clinical applications.
Viable tendon neotissue from adult adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells
Authors: Taguchi Takashi , Lopez Mandi , Takawira Catherine
Published: January 2024

Background: Tendon healing is frequently prolonged, unpredictable, and results in poor tissue quality. Neotissue formed by adult multipotent stromal cells has the potential to guide healthy tendon tissue formation.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize tendon neotissue generated by equine adult adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells (ASCs) on collagen type I (COLI) templates under 10% strain in a novel bioreactor. The tested hypothesis was that ASCs assume a tendon progenitor cell-like morphology, express tendon-related genes, and produce more organized extracellular matrix (ECM) in tenogenic versus stromal medium with perfusion and centrifugal fluid motion.

Methods: Equine ASCs on COLI sponge cylinders were cultured in stromal or tenogenic medium within bioreactors during combined perfusion and centrifugal fluid motion for 7, 14, or 21 days under 10% strain. Viable cell distribution and number, tendon-related gene expression, and micro- and ultra-structure were evaluated with calcein-AM/EthD-1 staining, resazurin reduction, RT-PCR, and light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. Fibromodulin was localized with immunohistochemistry. Cell number and gene expression were compared between culture media and among culture periods (p < 0.05).

Results: Viable cells were distributed throughout constructs for up to 21 days of culture, and cell numbers were higher in tenogenic medium. Individual cells had a round or rhomboid shape with scant ECM in stromal medium in contrast to clusters of parallel, elongated cells surrounded by highly organized ECM in tenogenic medium after 21 days of culture. Transcription factor, extracellular matrix, and mature tendon gene expression profiles confirmed ASC differentiation to a tendon progenitor-like cell in tenogenic medium. Construct micro- and ultra-structure were consistent with tendon neotissue and fibromodulin was present in the ECM after culture in tenogenic medium.

Conclusion: Long-term culture in custom bioreactors with combined perfusion and centrifugal tenogenic medium circulation supports differentiation of equine adult ASCs into tendon progenitor-like cells capable of neotissue formation.
Biocompatibility of hydrogel derived from equine tendon extracellular matrix in horses subcutaneous tissue
Authors: De Castilho Thiago , Rosa Gustavo dos Santos , Stievani Fernanda de Castro , Apolônio Emanuel Vítor Pereira , Pfeifer João Pedro Hübbe , Altheman Vittoria Guerra , Palialogo Valéria , Santos Nilton José Dos , Fonseca-Alves Carlos Eduardo , Alves Ana Liz Garcia
Published: January 2024

Tendinopathies account for a substantial proportion of musculoskeletal injuries. To improve treatment outcomes for partial and total tendon ruptures, new therapies are under investigation. These include the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and biocompatible scaffolds derived from the Extracellular Matrix (ECM). Synthetic polymer hydrogels have not demonstrated results as promising as those achieved with ECM hydrogels sourced from the original tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility of a hydrogel formulated from equine tendon ECM. Six horses were administered three subcutaneous doses of the hydrogel, with a saline solution serving as a control. Biopsies were conducted on days 7, 14, and 56 post-application to gauge the hydrogel’s impact. Throughout the experiment, the horse’s physical condition remained stable. Thermographic analyses revealed a temperature increase in the treated groups compared to the control group within the initial 12 h. The von Frey test, used to measure the mechanical nociceptive threshold, also showed significant differences between the treated group and the control group at 6 h, 21 days, and 28 days. Histopathological analyses identified an inflammatory response on day 7, which was absent on days 14 and 56. Transmission electron microscopy indicated a decrease in inflammatory cellularity, while immunohistochemistry staining suggested an increased presence of inflammatory factors on day 14. In summary, the hydrogel is easily injectable, triggers a temporary local inflammatory response, and integrates into the adjacent tissue from day 14 onwards.
Optimal design and development of a fast steering robot inspired by scallops
Authors: Wang Yumo , Gao Tianyu , Pang Shunxiang , Xu Jiajun , Tao Xiayu , Yang Junqin , Sheng Wentao
Published: January 2024

The improvement of the steering performance of jet robots is challenging due to single inflexible jet aperture. Scallops provide a potential solution with hard shells and a double-hole jet propulsion, which are expected to achieve fast steering movement under water. Inspired by scallops, a bionic propulsion dynamic mesh is proposed in this article, and a three-dimensional computational model of scallops is established. We further calculated the scallop propulsion mechanism under the swing of shells with different shapes. The coupling of simultaneous swing of two shells and their coupling with velum are presented, revealing the unique movement mechanism of Bivalvia. Based on this, the advantages of the double-hole jet propulsion are applied to develop a scallop robot with excellent steering capabilities. Experiments are conducted to verify the steering performance of the scallop robot.
Global research trends and hotspots on tendon-derived stem cell: a bibliometric visualization study
Authors: Zhang Songou , Shang Jinxiang , Gu Zhiqian , Gu Xiaopeng , Wang Fei , Hu Xujun , Wu Guoliang , Zou Huan , Ruan Jian , He Xinkun , Bao Chenzhou , Zhang ZhenYu , Li Xin , Chen Hong
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the global research status and current research hotspots in the field of tendon stem cells.

Methods: Bibliometric methods were employed to retrieve relevant data from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. Additionally, Citespace, Vosviewer, SCImago, and Graphad Prism were utilized to analyze the publication status in this field, identify the current research hotspots, and present a mini-review.

Results: The most active countries in this field were China and the United States. Notable authors contributing significantly to this research included Lui Pauline Po Yee, Tang Kanglai, Zhang Jianying, Yin Zi, and Chen Xiao, predominantly affiliated with institutions such as the Hong Kong Hospital Authority, Third Military Medical University, University of Pittsburgh, and Zhejiang University. The most commonly published journals in this field were Stem Cells International, Journal of Orthopedic Research, and Stem Cell Research and Therapy. Moreover, the current research hotspots primarily revolved around scaffolds, molecular mechanisms, and inflammation regulation.

Conclusion: Tendon stem cells hold significant potential as seed cells for tendon tissue engineering and offer promising avenues for further research Scaffolds, molecular mechanisms and inflammation regulation are currently research hotspots in this field.
Advancements in materials, manufacturing, propulsion and localization: propelling soft robotics for medical applications
Authors: Bo Yunwen , Wang Haochen , Niu Hui , He Xinyang , Xue Quhao , Li Zexi , Yang Hao , Niu Fuzhou
Published: January 2024

Soft robotics is an emerging field showing immense potential for biomedical applications. This review summarizes recent advancements in soft robotics for in vitro and in vivo medical contexts. Their inherent flexibility, adaptability, and biocompatibility enable diverse capabilities from surgical assistance to minimally invasive diagnosis and therapy. Intelligent stimuli-responsive materials and bioinspired designs are enhancing functionality while improving biocompatibility. Additive manufacturing techniques facilitate rapid prototyping and customization. Untethered chemical, biological, and wireless propulsion methods are overcoming previous constraints to access new sites. Meanwhile, advances in tracking modalities like computed tomography, fluorescence and ultrasound imaging enable precision localization and control enable in vivo applications. While still maturing, soft robotics promises more intelligent, less invasive technologies to improve patient care. Continuing research into biocompatibility, power supplies, biomimetics, and seamless localization will help translate soft robots into widespread clinical practice.
Minoxidil delivered via a stem cell membrane delivery controlled release system promotes hair growth in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Song Dandan , Pan Shouxi , Jin Wenxia , Wu Ronghui , Zhao Tianqi , Jiang Jinlan , Zhu Mingji
Published: January 2024

Objective: Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell membrane-loaded minoxidil (MXD) nanoparticles (STCM-MXD-NPs) were prepared to investigate their effects on hair growth in C57BL/6J mice.

Methods: STCM-MXD-NPs were obtained by freeze-thawing and differential centrifugation, and their effects on hair growth were evaluated using C57BL/6J mice. The mRNA and protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Protein expression levels of marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67) and β-catenin (CTNNB) in skin tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.

Results: STCM-MXD-NPs improved MXD solubility. They released the drug slowly, increasing its transdermal properties, accumulation in the skin, and content in the hair bulb tissues with a better efficacy than that of ordinary MXD. Moreover, STCM-MXD-NPs significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of VEGF and IGF-1 and promoted the protein expression of MKI67 and CTNNB in mouse skin tissues, promoting mouse hair growth.

Conclusion: Stem cell membrane-loaded MXD nanoparticles with slow-release properties increased MXD accumulation in the skin by improving its transdermal properties, increasing VEGF, IGF-1, MKI67, and CTNNB expression levels and promoting hair growth in C57BL/6J mice.
Ground response of rolling dynamic compaction—a finite element modelling approach
Authors: Bradley A. C. , Jaksa M. B. , Kuo Y. L.
Published: January 2024

Rolling dynamic compaction (RDC) technology utilises a heavy non-circular module (impact roller) to compact the underlying soil dynamically. The stresses imparted to the soil through this technique and the resulting vibrations, have been the subject of investigation in the field. A finite element (FE) model predicting the settlement and densification of a coarse-grained fill material subject to RDC with a BH-1300 4-sided 8 tonne impact roller has been shown to provide good agreement with that observed in the field. This paper presents estimates using the developed FE model for the peak particle velocity and acceleration, and the maximum stresses applied through each impact upon a coarse-grained soil. Distributions of the results and their empirical formulae are presented herein.
Favorable culture conditions for spermatogonial propagation in human and non-human primate primary testicular cell cultures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van Maaren Jillis , Alves Luis F. , van Wely Madelon , van Pelt Ans M. M. , Mulder Callista L.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Autologous transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) isolated from cryopreserved testicular biopsies obtained before oncological treatment could restore fertility in male childhood cancer survivors. There is a clear necessity for in vitro propagation of the limited SSCs from the testicular biopsy prior to transplantation due to limited numbers of spermatogonia in a cryopreserved testicular biopsy. Still, there is no consensus regarding their optimal culture method.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting primary testicular cell cultures of human and non-human primate origin through use of Pubmed, EMBASE, and Web of Science core collection databases. Of 760 records, we included 42 articles for qualitative and quantitative analysis. To quantify in vitro spermatogonial propagation, spermatogonial colony doubling time (CDT) was calculated, which measures the increase in the number of spermatogonial colonies over time. A generalized linear mixed model analysis was used to assess the statistical effect of various culture conditions on CDT.

Results: Our analysis indicates decreased CDTs, indicating faster spermatogonial propagation in cultures with a low culture temperature (32°C); with use of non-cellular matrices; use of StemPro-34 medium instead of DMEM; use of Knockout Serum Replacement; and when omitting additional growth factors in the culture medium.

Discussion: The use of various methods and markers to detect the presence of spermatogonia within the reported cultures could result in detection bias, thereby potentially influencing comparability between studies. However, through use of CDT in the quantitative analysis this bias was reduced. Our results provide insight into critical culture conditions to further optimize human spermatogonial propagation in vitro, and effectively propagate and utilize these cells in a future fertility restoration therapy and restore hope of biological fatherhood for childhood cancer survivors.
Effective separation of protein from Polygonatum cyrtonema crude polysaccharide utilizing ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium bromide
Authors: Xu Yuling , Xu Jing , Fan Zheng , Zhang Siyuan , Wu Yuanjie , Han Rongchun , Yu Nianjun , Tong Xiaohui
Published: January 2024

Extraction of plant polysaccharides often results in a large amount of proteins, which is hard to eliminate from the crude extract, and conventional approaches for deproteinization are time-consuming and often involve hazardous organic solvents. In this study, ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) was used to create an ionic liquid aqueous two-phase system (ILATPS) for the separation of the polysaccharide (PcP) and protein extracted from the rhizome of Polygonatum cyrtonema. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was first applied to assess the feasibility of the ILATPS, and MgSO4 was determined to be the most suitable inorganic salt. By adopting the Taguchi experiment with an L9 (3^4) orthogonal array, it was found that the best condition for the efficient separation of crude PcP was at 25°C, with 1.5 g of TBABr, 15 mg of PcP, and 2.0 g of MgSO4, with the extraction efficiency for the protein and polysaccharide as 98.6% and 93.5%, respectively. The purified PcP was homogeneous, and its weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 7,554 Da. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated the PcP comprised mannose, galactose, glucose, galacturonic acid, arabinose, and rhamnose at a molar ratio of 33:13:8:3.5:2:1. This approach offers a practical tactic to purify polysaccharides of plant origin.
Decoding the secrets: how conformational and structural regulators inhibit the human 20S proteasome
Authors: Fernandes Pedro M. P. , Guedes Romina A. , Victor Bruno L. , Salvador Jorge A. R. , Guedes Rita C.
Published: January 2024

Acquired resistance to drugs that modulate specific protein functions, such as the human proteasome, presents a significant challenge in targeted therapies. This underscores the importance of devising new methodologies to predict drug binding and potential resistance due to specific protein mutations. In this work, we conducted an extensive computational analysis to ascertain the effects of selected mutations (Ala49Thr, Ala50Val, and Cys52Phe) within the active site of the human proteasome. Specifically, we sought to understand how these mutations might disrupt protein function either by altering protein stability or by impeding interactions with a clinical administered drug. Leveraging molecular dynamics simulations and molecular docking calculations, we assessed the effect of these mutations on protein stability and ligand affinity. Notably, our results indicate that the Cys52Phe mutation critically impacts protein-ligand binding, providing valuable insights into potential proteasome inhibitor resistance.
Characterization of prevalent tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their challenges in glioblastoma treatment
Authors: Rahban Mahdie , Joushi Sara , Bashiri Hamideh , Saso Luciano , Sheibani Vahid
Published: January 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive malignant primary tumor in the central nervous system. Despite extensive efforts in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and neurosurgery, there remains an inadequate level of improvement in treatment outcomes. The development of large-scale genomic and proteomic analysis suggests that GBMs are characterized by transcriptional heterogeneity, which is responsible for therapy resistance. Hence, knowledge about the genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity of GBM is crucial for developing effective treatments for this aggressive form of brain cancer. Tyrosine kinases (TKs) can act as signal transducers, regulate important cellular processes like differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. Therefore, TK inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed to specifically target these kinases. TKIs are categorized into allosteric and non-allosteric inhibitors. Irreversible inhibitors form covalent bonds, which can lead to longer-lasting effects. However, this can also increase the risk of off-target effects and toxicity. The development of TKIs as therapeutics through computer-aided drug design (CADD) and bioinformatic techniques enhance the potential to improve patients’ survival rates. Therefore, the continued exploration of TKIs as drug targets is expected to lead to even more effective and specific therapeutics in the future.
Real-time detection of Seneca Valley virus by one-tube RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay
Authors: Ma Lei , Zhu Mengjie , Meng Qingfeng , Wang Yao , Wang Xueping
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Senecavirus A (SVA) is a highly contagious virus that causes vesicular disease in pigs. At present, laboratory detection methods, such as virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), required precision instruments and qualified personnel, making them unsuitable for point-of-care tests (POCT). Fortunately, the emergence of CRISPR/Cas system has provided new opportunities for fast and efficient pathogen detection.

Methods

This study successfully developed a precise and sensitive detection platform for diagnosing SVA by combining the CRISPR system with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA).

Results

The minimum detection limit of the assay was 10 copies of the SVA genome. Meanwhile, the assay demonstrated high specificity. To validate the effectiveness of this system, we tested 85 swine clinical samples and found that the fluorescence method had a 100% coincidence rate compared to RT-qPCR.

Discussion

Overall, the RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay established in our study is a highly effective method for detecting SVA and holds great potential for practical applications in the resource-limited settings.
Consumption-based emission inventories in Nordic municipalities—a quest to develop support for local climate action
Authors: Sanderson Hans , Hildén Mikael , Saikku Laura , Axelsson Katarina , Pedersen Anders Branth , Aamaas Borgar
Published: January 2024

Municipalities can play a large role in achieving global climate targets. Integrating a consumption-based perspective is key to being able to mitigate global emissions. We conducted a survey among municipality officials in four Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) and held several workshops to deepen our understanding of municipalities' work to address consumption-based emissions. Findings show that less than half of the municipalities in the studied countries worked actively on measuring consumption-based emissions but that there is a broad interest in further developing GHG inventories that incorporate emissions from municipalities' own consumption as well as from citizens' consumption. Both expectations and challenges related to consumption-based inventories are remarkably similar across the four countries. A majority of the survey respondents perceived that the municipality could influence consumption-based emission from the municipality as a society by cooperating with residents and businesses. Similarly, information on consumption-based emissions was broadly identified as a key need to identify just and sustainable measures toward climate neutrality. The information generated was recognized by municipal employees to be useful for making better climate plans, optimizing their own operations' emission reductions, and helping residents and companies to reduce their emissions. We argue that it is essential that municipalities can base their actions on coherent and reliable information on consumption-based emissions that is comparable across municipalities and that can be connected to national tracking of emissions. This requires standardized methods and base-line data as not all municipalities can mobilize the needed human and financial resources to make their own inventories.
Applicability of electronic sphygmomanometer use in high-altitude areas according to the AAMI/ESH/ISO collaboration statement
Authors: Liu Xueting , Ye Runyu , Zhang Xin , Huang Wen , Sun Lirong , Huo Xingwei , Chen Xiaoping
Published: January 2024

Objective

Mercury sphygmomanometer (MS) has now been less and less used and no new devices have been manufactured (according to Minamata convention 2013). The application of the electronic sphygmomanometer (ES) in clinical practice has become increasingly common. However, reliable evidence for the use of the ES in high-altitude areas remains scarce. The purpose of this study was to validate the applicability of the ES in high altitude areas.

Methods

In Luhuo County, Sichuan Province, China, 3,400 m above the sea level, two trained physicians measured the blood pressure (BP) of participants using both the mercury sphygmomanometer and the ES. Pearson correlation analysis and paired T-test, respectively, were used to compare the correlation and the difference between the BP values measured by the two devices. The applicability of the ES in high-altitude areas was evaluated according to the validation standards of the 2018 Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization (AAMI/ESH/ISO) Collaboration Statement.

Results

In this study, 257 participants were included. There was a strong correlation between BP values measured by the two devices, with correlation coefficients for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 0.97 and 0.93, respectively. Compared with the MS, the ES tended to measure the subjects' DBP (76.21 ± 13.29 mmHg vs. 76.53 ± 14.07 mmHg; P = 0.557) accurately, but overestimate the SBP of the subjects (123.32 ± 22.25 mmHg vs. 121.34 ± 22.88 mmHg; P < 0.001) to some extent. The consistency of the two devices in the classification of normal BP, prehypertension, and hypertension was 88.9%, 80.7%, and 89.2%, respectively.

Conclusions

In general, the utilization of ES at 3,400 m altitude successfully met the validation standards of the AAMI/ESH/ISO Collaboration Statement. The use of ES can be recommended at a high altitude, including up to 3,400 m. In addition, because the ES tended to overestimate SBP, we speculate that it may need to be calibrated in high-altitude areas.
Factors associated with early, late, and very late stent thrombosis among patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing coronary stent placement: analysis from the ATLAS ACS 2-TIMI 51 trial
Authors: Chi Gerald , AlKhalfan Fahad , Lee Jane J. , Montazerin Sahar Memar , Fitzgerald Clara , Korjian Serge , Omar Wally , Barnathan Elliot , Plotnikov Alexei , Gibson C. Michael
Published: January 2024

Background

Stent thrombosis (ST) is an uncommon but serious complication of stent implantation. This study aimed to explore factors associated with early, late, and very late ST to help guide risk assessment and clinical decision-making on ST.

Methods

The analysis included patients who received stent placement for the index acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Cumulative incidence of ST was assessed at 30 days (early ST), 31–360 days (late ST), 361–720 days (very late ST), and up to 720 days. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations between ST and various factors, including patient characteristics [i.e., age, sex, ACS presentation, history of hypertension, smoking, diabetes, prior myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, prior ischemic stroke, and cancer], laboratory tests [i.e., positive cardiac biomarker, hemoglobin, platelet count, white blood cell (WBC) count], and treatment [i.e., drug-eluting stent (DES) vs. bare-metal stent (BMS) and anticoagulant with rivaroxaban vs. placebo].

Results

Among the 8,741 stented patients, 155 ST events (2.25%) occurred by Day 720. The cumulative incidences of early, late, and very late ST were 0.80%, 0.81%, and 0.77%, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, age ≥ 75 [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.13 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.26–3.60)], a history of prior MI [HR = 1.81 (95% CI: 1.22–2.68)], low hemoglobin level [HR = 2.34 (95% CI: 1.59–3.44)], and high WBC count [HR = 1.58 (95% CI: 1.02–2.46)] were associated with a greater risk of overall ST, whereas DES [HR = 0.56 (95% CI: 0.38–0.83)] and rivaroxaban therapy [HR = 0.63 (95% CI: 0.44–0.88)] were associated with a lower risk of overall ST up to 720 days. Low hemoglobin level and high WBC count were associated with early ST (low hemoglobin: HR = 2.35 [95% CI: 1.34–4.12]; high WBC count: HR = 2.11 [95% CI: 1.17–3.81]). Low hemoglobin level and prior MI were associated with a greater risk of late ST (low hemoglobin: HR = 2.32 [95% CI: 1.26–4.27]; prior MI: HR = 2.98 [95% CI: 1.67–5.31]), whereas DES was associated with a lower risk of late ST [HR = 0.33 (95% CI: 0.16–0.67)]. Age ≥75 years was associated with very late ST.

Conclusion

The study identified positive and negative associations with early, late, and very late ST. These variables may be useful in constructing risk assessment models for ST.

Clinical Trial Registration

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT00809965.
Case Report: Multimodality evaluation and clinical management of a single coronary artery
Authors: McAlpin Patrick , Purlee Matthew , Dickey Ann , Chandran Arun , Al-Ani Mohammad Ahmad Zaki
Published: January 2024

A 14-year-old male with no significant medical history presented with intermittent palpitations for 2–3 months that occurred at rest and were associated with light-headedness. Electrocardiogram in clinic showed sinus arrhythmia with early repolarization and no ischemic changes. The echocardiogram showed normal cardiac structure and function, however, there was a concern for possible anomalous origin of the left coronary artery. Contrast-enhanced CT coronary artery angiogram confirmed a single coronary origin from the right coronary sinus. The single main coronary artery gave rise to the right coronary artery (RCA) and the left coronary artery (LCA). The LCA demonstrated a trans-septal course before it gave rise to the left anterior descending and left circumflex artery. There were intraarterial and intramural portions of the LCA, and the sinoatrial node artery arose from the LCA. The RCA demonstrated a normal course to the right atrioventricular groove, and the posterior descending artery arose from the RCA. Treadmill exercise stress test showed excellent functional capacity without exercise-induced chest pain or ischemic ECG changes. Invasive coronary angiography ruled out luminal narrowing or dynamic compression. Given the absence of physiologic or anatomic evidence of coronary flow restriction, no intervention was pursued and the palpitations were deemed to be likely unrelated to the coronary anomaly and eventually subsided spontaneously on 6 month follow-up.
Anterior-wall and non-anterior-wall STEMIs do not differ in long-term mortality: results from the augsburg myocardial infarction registry
Authors: Bauke F. , Schmitz T. , Harmel E. , Raake P. , Heier M. , Linseisen J. , Peters A. , Meisinger C.
Published: January 2024

Background

Different ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) localizations go along with dissimilarities in the size of the affected myocardium, the causing coronary vessel occlusion, and the right ventricular participation. Therefore, this study aims to clarify if there is any difference in long-term survival between anterior- and non-anterior-wall STEMI.

Methods

This study included 2,195 incident STEMI cases that occurred between 2009 and 2017, recorded by the population-based Augsburg Myocardial Infarction Registry, Germany. The study population comprised 1.570 men and 625 women aged 25–84 years at acute myocardial infarction. The patients were observed from the day of their first acute event with an average follow-up period of 4.3 years, (standard deviation: 3.0). Survival analyses and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the association between infarction localizations and long-term all-cause mortality.

Results

Of the 2,195 patients, 1,118 had an anterior (AWS)- and 1,077 a non-anterior-wall-STEMI (NAWS). No significant associations of the STEMI localization with long-term mortality were found. When comparing AWS with NAWS, a hazard ratio of 0.91 [95% confidence interval: 0.75–1.10] could be calculated after multivariable adjustment. In contrast to NAWS, AWS was associated with a greater <28 day mortality, less current or former smoking and higher creatine kinase-myocardial band levels (CK-MB) and went along with a higher frequency of impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (<30%).

Conclusions

Despite pathophysiological differences between AWS and NAWS, and identified differences in multiple clinical characteristics, no significant differences in long-term mortality between both groups were observed.
Optimizing percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation with patient-specific 3D-printed pulmonary artery models and hemodynamic assessment
Authors: Odemis Ender , AKA İbrahim Basar , Ali Mhd Homam Alhaj , Gumus Terman , Pekkan Kerem
Published: January 2024

Background

Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) has emerged as a less invasive alternative for treating severe pulmonary regurgitation after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair in patients with a native right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). However, the success of PPVI depends on precise patient-specific valve sizing, the avoidance of oversizing complications, and optimal valve performance. In recent years, innovative adaptations of commercially available cardiovascular mock loops have been used to test conduits in the pulmonary position. These models are instrumental in facilitating accurate pulmonic valve sizing, mitigating the risk of oversizing, and providing insight into the valve performance before implantation. This study explored the utilization of custom-modified mock loops to implant patient-specific 3D-printed pulmonary artery geometries, thereby advancing PPVI planning and execution.

Material and Methods

Patient-specific 3D-printed pulmonary artery geometries of five patients who underwent PPVI using Pulsta transcatheter heart valve (THV) ® were tested in a modified ViVitro pulse duplicator system®. Various valve sizes were subjected to 10 cycles of testing at different cardiac output levels. The transpulmonary systolic and regurgitation fractions of the valves were also recorded and compared.

Results

A total of 39 experiments were conducted using five different patient geometries and several different valve sizes (26, 28, 30, and 32 mm) at 3, 4, and 5 L/min cardiac output at heart rates of 70 beats per minute (bpm) and 60/40 systolic/diastolic ratios. The pressure gradients and regurgitation fractions of the tested valve sizes in the models were found to be similar to the pressure gradients and regurgitation fractions of valves used in real procedures. However, in two patients, different valve sizes showed better hemodynamic values than the actual implanted valves.

Discussion

The use of 3D printing technology, electromagnetic flow meters, and the custom-modified ViVitro pulse duplicator system® in conjunction with patient-specific pulmonary artery models has enabled a comprehensive assessment of percutaneous pulmonic valve implantation performance. This approach allows for accurate valve sizing, minimization of oversizing risks, and valuable insights into hemodynamic behavior before implantation. The data obtained from this experimental setup will contribute to advancing PPVI procedures and offer potential benefits in improving patient outcomes and safety.
Using science as a differentiator in a crowded digital mental health market
Authors: Huberty Jennifer , Beatty Clare C. , Yourell Jacqlyn
Published: January 2024

The digital mental health industry has seen remarkable growth in recent years. However, within this crowded landscape, many companies overlook a critical factor for gaining a competitive edge: the integration of science. In this context, “science” refers to the strategic collection and analysis of information (i.e., data) at digital mental health companies, aimed at guiding business decisions and achieving business objectives. This paper demonstrates that science is integral, yet underutilized in the digital mental health industry, with common misconceptions about its role. When science is integrated within a company, it enables them to (1) innovate, (2) understand customers, (3) make informed decisions, and (4) drive revenue. Digital mental health companies recognizing the multifaceted value of science may be better equipped for sustainable growth and success amid the crowded digital health market.