bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Physical Attributes of Computer Interface Design on Novice and Experienced Performance of Users with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Casali Sherry Perdue , Chase Joseph D.
Published: July 2017

It is well accepted that with even very simple tasks, a user's performance with a cursor control device improves substantially over some period of time before stabilizing. Although no systematic studies are available concerning how particular attributes of screen or device design affect the rate at which users learn to interact with a system, past studies with input devices have shown that the overall period of time required to learn to physically interact with a system is generally quite short. Hence the lack of attention paid to the “learning” phase with respect to physical interaction is probably justified. For users with mobility impairments, however, not only may the overall physical learning phase be significantly longer than for nondisabled users, but certain features of the interface design may require a longer learning period than others. Depending on how different “initial” performance is from “practiced” performance, systems meant for “walk up and use” or casual use may need to be designed differently to allow easy access for persons with mobility impairments. In addition, adaptive interfaces which change the physical design of features over time as a user becomes more proficient may facilitate access for individuals with impaired motor control.

Twenty persons with impaired hand and arm function (as a result of spinal cord injury) performed a target acquisition task with five cursor control devices. The task required that the user select targets of different sizes and distances using both “point and click” and “drag” modes of interaction. Time and errors were recorded. The results indicate not only that some physical design attributes negatively effect performance, but that the magnitude of the effects differ for “initial” performance and “practiced” performance. In fact, in some cases attributes which had no effect once performance had asymptoted were shown to have a significant effect on novice performance. Also, some features required significantly longer periods of time for the users to become proficient at using than others. The implications for interface design are discussed.
Making Human Factors Usable
Authors: Dray Susan , Dayton Tom , Mrazek Deb , Muckler Frederick A. , Rafeld Mike
Published: July 2017

Over the years, Human Factors as a discipline has matured, and evolved. This panel brings together a variety of participants who represent various aspects of the Human Factors community. It is the position of the participants that boundaries still exist between Human Factors professionals and the “users” they profess to assist.

These boundaries take a variety of forms, including organizational, philosophical, and linguistic (i.e., the jargon of the Human Factors profession, and the jargon of their “users”). We believe that bridges must be built to span these boundaries, bringing together the Human Factors community and their customers-in effect, making Human Factors usable.
The Integration of Ergonomics in a Safety Improvement Program: Design and Implementation of an Ergonomics Initiative
Authors: Getty Robert L.
Published: July 2017

When safety performance is characterized by high levels of strains, sprains and cumulative trauma injuries the need for ergonomics is clearly indicated. In addition, when workmanship defects and worker compensation costs are at an unacceptable rate the need for accelerated action is evident. When there is limited ergonomics orientation in a particular company, ergonomics cannot be prescribed as a cure-all. The program must enhance overall company safety, quality and productivity objectives. This paper describes an ergonomics-oriented safety improvement program based on these conditions, a benchmarking effort and the review of Human Factors Society proceedings and other ergonomics literature. The highlights of the program are participatory ergonomics, in-house ergonomic expertise development and integration with other company goals, medical management and other safety programs. Since the company size is much larger than most company programs and the need for accelerated improvement is required, a quick-fix initiation is recommended. This is accompanied by a development of long range medical management and prevention procedures. The initial phases of the program are underway and have been met with enthusiasm and an attitude that this involvement approach makes good sense. It is anticipated that the description of the development and initiation of this ergonomic program will provide beneficial interchange of professional experiences.
System Objectives and Performance Requirements of ATIS and Commercial Vehicle Components of IVHS
Authors: McCallum Marvin C. , Lee John D.
Published: July 2017

This paper describes a recently completed survey conducted to determine the transportation community's perspective on Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) system development objectives and performance requirements. The paper describes the research methods, some general findings regarding development objectives, and a general discussion and examples of performance requirements.
Design and Usability Evaluation of Work Control Documentation
Authors: Patel Swapnesh C. , Drury Colin G. , Prabhu Prasad
Published: July 2017

The present study develops a methodology for design and usability evaluation of work control documentation for aircraft inspection based on the application of human factors research in the areas of information design and aircraft inspection. A taxonomy for design of usable documentation was developed using four basic categories: Information Readability; Information Content; Information Organization; and Physical Handling and Environmental Factors. Within the framework of this taxonomy the existing work control documentation for two extreme representative conditions of aircraft inspection tasks, the A-check and the C-check was evaluated for usability. Issues for workcard redesign were identified within this taxonomy using data from usability evaluation and these were then formulated into a set of 49 guidelines for design. These guidelines were then used to develop alternate design solutions offering improved usability. The increase in usability of the redesigned documentation was measured in an on-site empirical evaluation and proved significant. This methodology is currently being extended to the design of usable information for the design and evaluation of portable computer based documentation for aircraft inspection tasks.
Celibate Gay Christians: Sexual Identity and Religious Beliefs and Practices
Authors: Yarhouse Mark A. , Morgan Tranese , Anthony Kristin , Sadusky Julia
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the study is to explore the experiences of gay Christians who choose celibacy. Chief milestone events, beliefs and attitudes toward God and faith, as well as participants’ experiences of church climate toward gay Christians were assessed through a structured interview. Eight interviews were analyzed, using grounded theory methodology and consensual qualitative analysis to identify several salient themes.
Hop count limitation analysis in wireless multi-hop networks
Authors: Wenxing Liao , Muqing Wu , Min Zhao , Peizhe Li , Tianze Li
Published: July 2017

Recent studies about wireless multi-hop networks mainly focus on two aspects, network performance and network strategy. A mass of models and algorithms about network connectivity, path reliability, and node mobility have been proposed to improve network performance. However, hop count, an important factor of wireless multi-hop networks, is rarely researched. In this article, we propose some feasible research methods to figure out the connections between hop count and network connectivity, and path reliability and node mobility, respectively. By modeling the network connectivity, path reliability, and node mobility, we get the maximum hop count of arbitrary wireless multi-hop network. This study shows that the hop count limitation has great effect on network stability. With an increase in hop count, the network stability gets worse. Thinking about this situation, we propose some feasible advices to avoid the hop count limitation problem, which may provide some useful theoretical foundation for further study on wireless multi-hop networks.
Zika
Authors: Aftab Rabia
Published: July 2017

The Zika virus (ZIKV), first discovered in 1947, has emerged as a global public health threat over the last decade, with an accelerated geographic spread of the virus occurring in the last 5 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that millions of cases of ZIKV are likely to occur in the Americas between 2016 and 2017. These projections, in conjunction with an increase in newborn microcephaly cases that are suspected to be ZIKV-associated, prompted the WHO to declare a public health emergency of international concern in February 2016. With the current media attention, it is likely that GPs will be consulted on th topic, particularly by pregnant women.
Infection control audit of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea at the University Hospital of Wales
Authors: Jenkins L , Hilt D , Brazier J , Hosein I
Published: July 2017

Clostridium difficile is identified as the most common cause of diarrhoea among hospitalised patients, and has been implicated in a number of outbreaks with significant morbidity and mortality. It is widely regarded as a hospital-acquired problem, associated with antibiotic use. An audit aimed at reviewing compliance against local Clostridium difficile- associated diarrhoea (CDAD) policy at the University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff was undertaken from May to July 1999. Despite the difficulty in adhering to national guidelines on single-room isolation, the prevalence of CDAD at our hospital has decreased in recent years. Community acquired CDAD accounted for 15% of our cases, which supports increasing levels of community CDAD (Kalstrom et al 1998). Recent antibiotic treatment was recorded for 82% of the audit cases, with beta-lactam being the most frequently prescribed. Antibiotic treatment for infection other than CDAD was stopped for only 11% of the cases. Where treatment was given for CDAD, clinical staff followed approved guidance.
Issues and Policy Developments in the Official Collection of Australian Aboriginal Health Statistics
Authors: Morrow Martha , Barraclough Simon
Published: July 2017

Drawing upon a variety of published reports, some of the historical and contemporary issues in the official collection of Aboriginal health statistics are discussed. Serious problems are revealed such as a past policy of excluding Aborigines from census counts, a restrictive official definition of Aboriginality, and a lack of uniformity in collection policies between the various states within Australia's federal system of government. As a consequence of inadequate collection of health statistics, data on risk factors and information on social, cultural and economic factors affecting Aboriginal health, substantial gaps exist in the overall picture of Aboriginal health in Australia. Recent initiatives designed to foster national agreement on the collection of Aboriginal health statistics are chronicled and continuing problems with the collection of such statistics identified. (AMRJ, 1991, 21(1), 6–9.)
The Intent of the ACHS Accreditation Standards for the Medical Record Service: A Medical Surveyor's Perspective
Authors: MacArthur Colin
Published: July 2017

The present ACHS Accreditation standards for the medical record service have been developed over some 15 years. However, review of the first edition of the standards, issued in 1976, indicates that the intent has changed little over the years, apart from considerably greater emphasis on staff appraisal and development and on quality assurance. Throughout this 15 year period, the intent of the standards may be summarised in terms of requirements relating to content, accessibility, security and quality assurance.
Implementation of a Patient Feedback Strategy in a Country Hospital
Authors: Dare Linda , Arundell Barbara
Published: July 2017

Following the formation of a Quality Assurance Committee, the Cobram District Hospital embarked upon the implementation of a patient feedback strategy by means of distributing Patient Service Questionnaires. The Hospital was seeking to identify aspects of its overall service that proved satisfactory or otherwise to patients, and to set in place strategies that would minimise the recurrence of patient-identified problems. Results of the initial survey were very pleasing, and it is envisaged that similar surveys will become an integral part of the Hospital's ongoing Quality Assurance program.
Assessing the Impact of Automated Coding & Grouping Technology at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney
Authors: Howes Melita Helen
Published: July 2017

In 1992 the Hospital recognised that the existing casemix data reporting systems were too removed from individual patients to have any meaning for clinicians, analysis of the data was difficult and the processes involved in the DRG assignment were subject to considerable error. Consequently, the Hospital approved the purchase of technology that would facilitate the coding and grouping process.

The impact of automated coding and grouping technology is assessed by three methods. Firstly, by looking at by-product information systems, secondly, through subjective responses by coders to a satisfaction questionnaire and, thirdly, by objectively measuring hospital activity and identified coding elements before and after implementation of the 3M technology.

It was concluded that while the 3M Coding and Grouping software should not be viewed as a panacea to all coding and documentation ills, objective evidence and subjective comment from the coders indicated an improvement in data quality and more accurate DRG assignment. Development of an in-house casemix information system and a feedback mechanism between coder and clinician had been effected. The product had been used as a training tool for coders and had also proven to be a useful auditing tool. Finally, linkage with other systems and the generation of timely reports had been realised.
Nonverbal Communication: An Essential Skill in the Workplace
Authors: Phillips Jennifer
Published: July 2017

Communication is carried on at many levels and through many channels simultaneously, and interpretation of a verbal message is dependent upon the manner in which it is conveyed and the gestures and expressions which accompany it.

Nonverbal communication has been claimed to account for up to 93% of the impact of any verbal message. There are many types of nonverbal communication, most of which are usually used unconsciously and may be interpreted in many ways, often being regarded as a more reliable source of information than the spoken word, particularly regarding emotion.

The following paper will examine the major types of nonverbal communication and their role in day to day human interaction in the workplace. It will examine the ways that understanding of the meanings of nonverbal cues can assist in both interpretation and conveyance of unspoken messages, and the role that space, the environment and other physical factors play in successful communication.
The Health Interview
Authors: Walker M. I.
Published: July 2017

The health interview on a planned basis is an important function of the nurse in employee health services. Policies should be well defined and reviewed at stated intervals to cover this nursing function. The nurse needs to review her capabilities in the health interview program of the health services. Mainly the health interview in the pre-placement process is outlined.
Toxicology of Industrial Metals — Inorganic Lead
Authors: Cohen Richard
Published: July 2017

Inorganic lead has widespread use in industry and has resulted in measurable community pollution, due predominantly to the use of leaded fuels. The classical toxic effects of lead, encephalopathy, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and colic are now rare in the industrial setting. However, recent studies have indicated enzymatic depression, teratogenicity, and behavioral changes at lead exposure levels previously thought safe. Diagnosis of lead toxicity is aided by exposure evaluation through blood lead determinations; toxicity effects even at relatively low levels can be evaluated by measurement of hemoglobin synthesis intermediates. Although mild or asymptomatic cases may not require treatment beyond removal from exposure, more severe cases may require chelation therapy. Biologic monitoring and medical surveillance protocols have been established by OSHA. A blood lead action level of 30 μgm/100 ml is recommended to protect from the enzyme and reproductive effects found at lower blood lead levels.
Marital Satisfaction of the Post-Rehabilitation Burn Patient
Authors: Garts Kimberly , Garland Susan
Published: July 2017

The self-reported marital satisfaction of post-rehabilitation burn-injured persons was examined in this study. Using the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale 50 burn-injured persons and 52 general surgery patients were compared on two sets of scores of marital satisfaction. Analysis of the data revealed no significant differences in marital satisfaction scores except in the area of sex relations. The burn-injured group has statistically significantly more conflict in this area than did the general surgery group.
AIDS: Occupational Implications for Health Care Workers
Authors: O'Laughlin Kathleen M. , Parker Jane E.
Published: July 2017

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the immune system which has begun to reach epidemic proportions in certain segments of the American population. Though the causative factor is as yet unknown, certain epidemiologic variables, such as prevalence in homosexuals, intravenous drug abusers, and hemophiliacs, leads researchers to believe that its pathway of transmission is similar to that of Hepatitis B. Health care workers who must deal intimately with the blood and secretions of patients with AIDS are at risk for being exposed to the pathogen which causes the disease. The Center for Disease Control recommendations are presented as a framework for development of precautions for health care workers in order to prevent exposure to the disease.
International Rentierism in the Middle East Africa, 1971–2008
Authors: Jenkins J. Craig , Meyer Katherine , Costello Matthew , Aly Hassan
Published: July 2017

What is the trend in rentierism in the Middle East and North Africa? Defining a rentier state as one that extracts a significant share of its revenues from rents extracted from international transactions, we examine a range of such transactions that together constitute a third or more of the Middle East/North Africa economies. Outlining a rentierism index that is based on the share of GDP stemming from oil/mineral exports, foreign military and economic aid, worker remittances, and international tourism, we show that rentierism is growing and that 18 of the 22 Middle East/North Africa states depend for over a third of their GDP on these international transactions. Some depend on direct rents stemming from oil/mineral exports and foreign aid, while others rely increasingly on indirect rents from remittances and tourism. This split between direct and indirect rents has implications for the political stability of these states, because it creates states that are more or less able to maintain control in the face of popular resistance and insurgency.
The Persistence of US Conflict Behavior: Continuity in the Use of Force
Authors: Meernik James
Published: July 2017

I argue that decision-making processes by the president and the national security establishment and a conception of past US military operations as credibility-establishing precedents for future US military actions have tended to result in a fixation on political developments occurring in a relatively small number of nations. Together, these foreign-policy making routines produce a high degree of regularity in US military activities whose importance is not often appreciated in studies that emphasize more variable domestic political forces, such as diversionary theory, or traditional security concerns, such as realism. I use both a zero-inflated, negative binomial model and a proportional hazards model to illustrate the impact of past US militarized dispute behavior on the prospects for future military activity. I find that past US conflict behavior exercises the most important influence in both models.
Strategies Men Use to Negotiate Family and Science
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Damaske Sarah , Lincoln Anne E. , White Virginia Johnston
Published: July 2017

Despite the growing research devoted to women in science, the connection made between family life and work by men in science is not fully known. Here we present results from interviews with 54 men who were selected from a broader national survey and housed at prestigious U.S. universities. Men remain acutely aware of cultural expectations for devotion to work and breadwinning, either compromising work commitments for more time with family or time at home in exchange for increased academic prestige. Findings are relevant for how universities should make policies that alleviate tension between work and family.
Social Effects of Health Care Reform
Authors: Sohn Heeju , Timmermans Stefan
Published: July 2017

Do public health policy interventions result in prosocial behaviors? The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansions were responsible for the largest gains in public insurance coverage since its inception in 1965. These gains were concentrated in states that opted to expand Medicaid eligibility, and they provide a unique opportunity to study not just medical but also social consequences of increased public health coverage. The authors examine the association between Medicaid and volunteer work. Volunteerism is implicated in individuals’ health and well-being, yet it is highly correlated with a person’s existing socioeconomic resources. Medicaid expansions improved financial security and a sense of health, two factors that predict volunteer work, for a socioeconomic group that has had low levels of volunteerism. Difference-in-difference analyses of the volunteer supplement of the Current Population Survey (2010–2015) find increased reports of formal volunteering for organizations as well as informal helping behaviors between neighbors for low-income nonelderly adults who would have likely benefited from expansions. Furthermore, increased volunteer work associated with Medicaid was greater among minority groups and narrowed existing ethnic differences in volunteerism in states that expanded Medicaid eligibility.
Professional Status and Physicians’ Views of Expanding Governmental Oversight of Prescribing Drugs
Authors: Wright Eric R. , Carnes Neal A. , Smelser Wyndy Greene , Kail Ben Lennox
Published: July 2017

Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) represent new challenges to physicians’ professional autonomy and authority. In this study, physicians’ attitudes toward government officials’ use of PDMP data are explored using online survey data. In general, the physicians surveyed ( n = 2,444) expressed qualified support of criminal justice officials’ accessing PDMP data to combat abuse. Also, doctors with higher professional status, older physicians, and those who prescribed more opioids were significantly less supportive of criminal justice oversight. The findings have implications both for reducing the prescription drug epidemic and for sociological research on the profession of medicine.
Gender and Weight among Thoroughbred Jockeys: Underrepresented Women and Underweight Men
Authors: von Hippel Paul T. , Rutherford Caroline G. , Keyes Katherine M.
Published: July 2017

Discrimination can damage health by limiting an occupation to persons who are physically unsuited to it. In thoroughbred racing, male jockeys damage their health to reach racing weights, while women who could reach those weights more easily are excluded. The authors estimate the number of U.S. men and women who are light enough to work as jockeys and contrast them with the number of male and female jockeys. The authors contrast the distribution of body mass index in the general population and among top jockeys. Male jockeys outnumber female jockeys by 7 to 1, and by 50 to 1 in top races, and these numbers have not declined since the 1990s. Yet among adults who are light enough to work as jockeys, women outnumber men by at least 7 to 1, and women are half as likely to be underweight. Jockeys’ health and performance might improve if barriers to women were lowered.
Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression in a Large Cohort of Pediatric Patients With Solid Tumor and Association With Clinicopathologic Features in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Saletta Federica , Vilain Ricardo E. , Gupta Aditya Kumar , Nagabushan Sumanth , Yuksel Aysen , Catchpoole Daniel , Scolyer Richard A. , Byrne Jennifer A. , McCowage Geoffrey
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression represents a potential predictive biomarker of immune checkpoint blockade response. However, literature about the prevalence of PD-L1 expression in the pediatric cancer setting is discordant.

Methods

PD-L1 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry in 500 pediatric tumors (including neuroblastoma, sarcomas, and brain cancers). Tumors with ≥ 1% cells showing PD-L1 membrane staining of any intensity were scored as positive. Positive cases were further characterized, with cases with weak intensity PD-L1 staining reported as having low PD-L1 expression and cases with a moderate or strong intensity of staining considered to have high PD-L1 expression.

Results

PD-L1–positive staining was identified in 13% of cases, whereas high PD-L1 expression was found in 3% of cases. Neuroblastoma (n = 254) showed PD-L1 expression of any intensity in 18.9% of cases and was associated with longer overall survival ( P = .045). However, high PD-L1 expression in neuroblastoma (3.1%) was significantly associated with an increased risk of relapse ( P = .002). Positive PD-L1 staining was observed more frequently in low- and intermediate-risk patients ( P = .037) and in cases lacking MYCN amplification ( P = .002).

Conclusion

In summary, high PD-L1 expression in patients with neuroblastoma may represent an unfavorable prognostic factor associated with a higher risk of cancer relapse. This work proposes PD-L1 immunohistochemical assessment as a novel parameter for identifying patients with an increased likelihood of cancer recurrence.
Maternal Salvage With Extracorporeal Life Support: Lessons Learned in a Single Center
Authors: Biderman Philippe , Carmi Uri , Setton Eric , Fainblut Michael , Bachar Oren , Einav Sharon
Published: July 2017

The American Heart Association scientific statement on cardiac arrest in pregnancy did not endorse extracorporeal life support for lack of cohort data. We studied all pregnancy and peripartum cases of extracorporeal life support in 1 medical center (n = 11), including collapse due to infection (n = 6, 55%), thromboembolism (n = 3, 27%), and cardiac disease (n = 2, 18%). Half of the cases (n = 5, 45%) involved extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Most mothers survived (n = 7, 64% [95% confidence interval, 32%–88%]). Deaths were attributable to oxygenator blockage (n = 1) and late sepsis (n = 3). The 2 unique clinical challenges were maintenance of high peripartum cardiac outputs and balancing anticoagulation with hemostasis.
Bispectral Index Measurements Are Not Degraded During Aeromedical Evacuations
Authors: Donat Nicolas , Cirodde Audrey , Hoffmann Clément , Schaal Jean-Vivien , Masson Yannick , Nau Antoine , Martin Paul Vincent , Madec Samuel , Leclerc Thomas
Published: July 2017

For a decade, depth of anesthesia monitoring has become a reality in the operating room. It provides valuable help for managing anesthesia, especially for unstable patients. This might be particularly relevant during aeromedical evacuation. In this study, we aimed to assess the validity of the bispectral index (BIS) during long-range patient transportation aboard fixed-wing aircraft. BIS was recorded in 30 patients, 25 under anesthesia and 5 awake, during aeromedical evacuations performed by the French Air Force. BIS index was available and analyzable (signal quality index above 50%) more than 90% of time. Despite potential pitfalls related to mechanical or electrical interference, BIS monitor can be reliably used to monitor depth of anesthesia during individual strategic aeromedical evacuations.
Performers or Prostitutes?
Authors: Pastor de Maria Campos Camila
Published: July 2017

Analyzing memoirs from the Arab diaspora and Mashriq, colonial archives, interviews, League of Nations reports, and mandate legal literature, this article tracks the circulation and regulation of mobile women engaging in performance and sex work in French Mandate Syria and Lebanon (1921–46). The French metropolitan system of regulated prostitution was imported yet transformed in the mandate region as women performers were sorted into legitimate, if morally suspect, foreign artistes and autochthonous performers defined as prostitutes by decrees and codes. Regional and transnational mobility and the institutionalization of borders by colonial administrations destabilized their own distinctions between foreign and autochthonous, however. Women used these contradictions, overlapping legal frameworks, and artistry to continue to work and limit the extraction of their resources by a variety of institutional actors who nevertheless expected sexual and entertainment services to be afforded to foreign and local men.
Three-dimensional structural analysis reveals a Cdk5-mediated kinase cascade regulating hepatic biliary network branching in zebrafish
Authors: Dimri Manali , Bilogan Cassandra , Pierce Lain X. , Naegele Gregory , Vasanji Amit , Gibson Isabel , McClendon Allyson , Tae Kevin , Sakaguchi Takuya F.
Published: July 2017

The intrahepatic biliary network is a highly branched three-dimensional network lined by biliary epithelial cells, but how its branching patterns are precisely established is not clear. We designed a new computer-based algorithm that quantitatively computes the structural differences of the three-dimensional networks. Utilizing the algorithm, we showed that inhibition of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) led to reduced branching in the intrahepatic biliary network in zebrafish. Further, we identified a previously unappreciated downstream kinase cascade regulated by Cdk5. Pharmacological manipulations of this downstream kinase cascade produced a crowded branching defect in the intrahepatic biliary network and influenced actin dynamics in biliary epithelial cells. We generated larvae carrying a mutation in cdk5 regulatory subunit 1a (cdk5r1a), an essential activator of Cdk5. cdk5r1a mutant larvae show similar branching defects as those observed in Cdk5 inhibitor-treated larvae. A small-molecule compound that interferes with the downstream kinase cascade rescued the mutant phenotype. These results provide new insights into branching morphogenesis of the intrahepatic biliary network.
Capturing the systemic immune signature of a norovirus infection: an n-of-1 case study within a clinical trial
Authors: Cutler Antony J. , Oliveira Joao , Ferreira Ricardo C. , Challis Ben , Walker Neil M. , Caddy Sarah , Lu Jia , Stevens Helen E. , Smyth Deborah J. , Pekalski Marcin L. , Kennet Jane , Hunter Kara M.D. , Goodfellow Ian , Wicker Linda S. , Todd John A. , Waldron-Lynch Frank
Published: July 2017

Background: The infection of a participant with norovirus during the adaptive study of interleukin-2 dose on regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes (DILT1D) allowed a detailed insight into the cellular and cytokine immune responses to this prevalent gastrointestinal pathogen.

Methods: Serial blood, serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected pre-, and post-development of the infection. To differentiate between the immune response to norovirus and to control for the administration of a single dose of aldesleukin (recombinant interleukin-2, rIL-2) alone, samples from five non-infected participants administered similar doses were analysed in parallel.

Results: Norovirus infection was self-limited and resolved within 24 hours, with the subsequent development of anti-norovirus antibodies. Serum pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, including IL-10, peaked during the symptomatic period of infection, coincident with increased frequencies of monocytes and neutrophils. At the same time, the frequency of regulatory CD4+T cell (Treg), effector T cell (Teff) CD4+and CD8+subsets were dynamically reduced, rebounding to baseline levels or above at the next sampling point 24 hours later.  NK cells and NKT cells transiently increased CD69 expression and classical monocytes expressed increased levels of CD40, HLA-DR and SIGLEC-1, biomarkers of an interferon response. We also observed activation and mobilisation of Teffs, where increased frequencies of CD69+and Ki-67+effector memory Teffs were followed by the emergence of memory CD8+Teff expressing the mucosal tissue homing markers CD103 and β7 integrin. Treg responses were coincident with the innate cell, Teff and cytokine response. Key Treg molecules FOXP3, CTLA-4, and CD25 were upregulated following infection, alongside an increase in frequency of Tregs with the capacity to home to tissues.

Conclusions: The results illustrate the innate, adaptive and counter-regulatory immune responses to norovirus infection. Low-dose IL-2 administration induces many of the Treg responses observed during infection.
INFORMATION-EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Жигалова  , Zhigalova Elena
Published: July 2017

In article the concept of information-educational environment, the importance of its development in the information society. This direction of development of information-educational environment of educational institutions. Example of the use of information resources for the education of information culture of personality in Odintsovo MBOU SOSH №1.
From performing resistance to performing autonomy and back again: Alex Bag meets Ann Hirsch
Authors: Walsh Maria
Published: July 2017

In this article, I explore the historical continuities and discontinuities between Alex Bag’s performances of femininity in her seminal video series Untitled Fall ’95 (1995) and Ann Hirsch’s Scandalishious (2008–2010), a series of webcam videos on YouTube in which she appears as a character called Caroline Benton. Rather than a simply using these works to compare and contrast decades of feminist-inspired art, my exploration is informed by my re-encountering of Bag’s work through the lens of Hirsch’s in the context of the ubiquity of self-confessional and performative video online. In bringing these artists’ works together, I consider the possibilities of resistance to dominant forms of mediatized femininity in neo-liberalism, especially in relation to these artists’ interventions in television. From 1994 to 1997 Bag, in collaboration with artist Patterson Beckwith, produced a cult series for cable TV called Cash from Chaos and later Unicorns and Rainbows, in which they enacted countercultural scenarios that ‘détourned’ mainstream culture. In Hirsch’s foray into reality TV in 2010, she inserted herself into a pre-existing production Frank the Entertainer in a Basement Affair. Using these two examples as exemplifying a shift in art critique from a strategy of seizing the means of production to a strategy of immersive mimicry, I ask whether femininity can be posed as a site of resistance or whether it is fully enmeshed within the neo-liberal production of subjectivity as aspirational and entrepreneurial?
The (im)mobilities of assembly-line work: Choreographing the movements of corporate globalization in Ursula Biemann’s Performing the Border
Authors: Brailovsky Paula
Published: July 2017

This article discusses Swiss artist Ursula Biemann’s video-essay Performing the Border (1999), a work that critically examines the feminization of low-skilled factory labour in the city of Ciudad Juárez in northern Mexico. Home to large assembly lines, known as maquiladoras, Juárez is often the place where large corporations send their electronic equipment and machinery to be produced and assembled. Whilst these technologies help speed up the processes of contemporary capitalism, the city’s infrastructure is so poor that it consumes most of the factory workers’ free time. These women have to spend long hours commuting to work and often live in homes with no electricity or running water. Locating Biemann’s work within other representations of factory labour, this article examines the aesthetic and critical strategies that she employs to highlight the economic and social imbalances created by the forces of neo-liberalism as they impact the lives of maquiladora workers.
A collective response: Feminism, film, performance and Greenham Common
Authors: Reynolds Lucy
Published: July 2017

This article examines the part played by four film and video artists as chroniclers as well as participants in the civic struggle against nuclear weapons, providing alternative documents of the women’s camp at Greenham Common to those of the official media record. For, as the article will discuss, the model of protest at Greenham was uniquely indebted to, and characterised by, the models of non-violent resistance developed through post-war feminism. As part of this, a strategy of creative resistance had an important role to play: through song and poems, through banners, paintings and drawings; by amateur and professional artists. However, the film and video documents of Greenham Common by Tina Keane, Joanna Davis and Lis Rhodes, and Annabel Nicolson, on which this article will focus, are not concerned solely with advocacy for anti-nuclear and political protest, but rather, Greenham proved inspirational for them on an individual basis, enabling them to meaningfully explore how feminist principles might be folded into their experimental practices.
Virulence genes in biofilm producer Enterococcus faecalis isolates from root canal infections
Authors: Akbari Aghdam M. , Soroush Barhaghi M. H. , Aghazadeh M. , Jafari F. , Beomide Hagh M. , Haghdoost M. , Memar M. Y. , Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M. , Samadi Kafil H.
Published: July 2017

Enterococcus faecalis is occurring in opportunistic infections involving the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of E. faecalis virulence genes in dental root canal isolates recovered from advanced chronic periodontitis patients. One hundred E. faecalis isolated from dental root canal during July 2015 to Oct 2016. After analysis of biofilm formation by the semi-quantitative determination in 96-well flat bottom polystyrene plates, the presence of asa, esp, efaA, ace, ebpR, gel and hyl gene were studied by PCR. Gelatinase and hemolytic activity were detected by phenotypic methods. Ninety-one percent of isolates had ebpR gene, 85% ace, 82% efaA, 81% gel, 56% esp, 33% asa1, 2% hyl and 0% cyl gene. Evaluation of biofilm formation by microtiter plate method presented 49% of the isolates as strong biofilm producer, 42% displayed moderate biofilm formation, and 10 % weak or no biofilm was observed. asa1, efaA, esp, and ebpR positive isolates had significantly higher biofilm formation than negative isolates, while no significant differences were found when comparing ace-positive and - negative isolates. Present study showed that the ace genes do not seem to be necessary nor sufficient for the production of biofilm in Enterococcus faecalis but the presence of asa1, efaA, esp, and ebpR correlates with increased biofilm formation of dental root canal isolates.
TRIM59 is a key regulator of growth and migration inrenal cell carcinoma
Authors: Hu S-H. , Zhao M-J. , Wang W-X. , Xu C-W. , Wang G-D.
Published: July 2017

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal neoplasms and metastatic is common. Previous data have shown that the tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteinswere implicated in human tumoriogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of TRIM59 in the cell growth and migration in RCC. The expression of TRIM59 in human RCC tissues was initially examined by qRT-PCR. Alentivirus-based shRNA against TRIM59 (Lv-shTRIM59) was constructed. The effects of TRIM59 knockdown on cell proliferation were examined by in vitro MTT assay, colony formation assay and in vivo a mouse xenograft model of RCC. Cell migration and invasion after knockdown of TRIM59 were also examined by transwell assay. Our data showed that the mRNA level of TRIM59 in cancerous tissues was 2-fold increased as compared with non-cancerous tissues. Knockdown of TRIM59 in a RCC cell line 786-O significantly slowed down cell proliferative rate and decreased both the colony number and sizes. In the mouse model, knockdown of TRIM59 consistently inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, it was shown that cell migration and invasion were suppressed by 68% and 50%, respectively in TRIM59-depleted 786-O cells. Our data suggest that TRIM59 may serve as a pro-oncogenic protein in promoting the progression of RCC. Knockdown of TRIM59 may be a promising strategy concerning the early detection and treatment of RCC.
Identification of G2607A mutation in EGFR gene with a significative rate in Moroccan patients with Bladder Cancer
Authors: El Hamdani W. , Hadami K. , Bensaid M. , El Ahanidi H. , Ameur A. , Filali maltouf A. , Abbar M. , Attaleb M. , Albouzidi A. , El Mzibri M.
Published: July 2017

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in the regulation of several cellular processes and in the development of many human cancers. Somatic mutations of EGFR at tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with clinical response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in lung cancer patients. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of point mutations in EGFR for future use of TKI in clinical treatment of bladder cancer. A total, 50 Moroccan patient specimens with bladder cancer and 48 healthy controls were analysed for EGFR mutations in the region delimiting exons 18-21 by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. Our results showed the absence of mutations in the EGFR kinase domain in these exons in all analysed specimens. However, sequence analysis of the EGFR-TK domain, revealed the presence of (G2607A) polymorphism at exon 20. Statistical analysis showed significant difference in the frequencies of G2607A polymorphism between cancer cases and healthy controls (p=0.0001) and the frequencies of the GG and GA/AA genotypes among the cancer cases were 28% and 72%, respectively. Moreover, allelic frequencies of G2607A polymorphism showed significant difference between cancer cases and healthy controls (p=0.0025). Data analysis showed no significant association between G2607A polymorphism and patients' age, clinical stage and tumor grade (p > 0.05). However, a significant difference was found between this polymorphism and patients' sex that could be a sampling bias due to the very limited number of women with bladder cancer. Our findings highlight that, mutations in EGFR kinase domain is a rare event in bladder cancer, suggesting, that treatment of bladder cancer patients with TKI may not be effective. However, the EGFR G2607A polymorphism in exon 20 is frequent in bladder cancer cases and must be further explored for its relevance in the treatment of this disease.
Characterization of Candidate probionts isolated from human breast milk
Authors: Khalkhali S. , Mojgani N.
Published: July 2017

This study was designed to isolate and identify the potential probionts present in 32 healthy mothers' breast milk. Microbial culture media and 16SrRNA sequencing were used to isolate and identify the bacteria and all isolates were analyzed for their antagonistic potential, resistance to acidic pH, bile salts and survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. The colonization potential was further assessed based on adherence to human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cell lines. The breast milk samples harbored significant numbers of Gram positive and catalase negative (85%) bacteria. Based on 16SrRNA sequencing, these isolates were identified as Lactobacillus casei, L.gasseri, L.fermentum, L.plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Enterococcus facieum. Among the isolates, P. acidilactici was the most frequent species (71%) present in these samples. Few Gram and catalase positive isolates, Staphylococcus aureus and S.hominiis were also observed. The isolates were viable and unviable in pH 3 and 1.5, respectively, while all isolates survived in 1.0% bile salt. As putative probionts, P.acidilactici 1C showed a significantly higher percentage of adhesion to Caco-2 cells (p< 0.05)than the other two isolates L.plantarum 7A and E.facieum 2C. Bacterial strains isolated from human breast milk were shown to have probiotic properties including anti-infective protection and may be considered as future therapeutics for infants.
Effect of Triptolide on retinal ganglion cell survival in an optic nerve crush model
Authors: Li Y-F. , Zou Y-F. , Chen X-F. , Zhang W.
Published: July 2017

Optic nerve crush model could be used to investigate the mechanism of neuronal survival and axonal regeneration in central nervous system. Triptolide, a Chinese herb extract with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, has shown neuron protective functions in nervous system. In this study, we investigated the changes in retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration after administration of triptolide in optic nerve crush model. Triptolide treatment tended to promote retinal ganglion cell survival rather than optic nerve regeneration as well as inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor-Î± and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. These findings suggested that intraperitoneal injection of triptolide may be an effective treatment for optic nerve injury and this effect was attributed at least in part to its anti-inflammatory actions.
Label free quantitative proteomics analysis on the cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Wang F. , Zhu Y. , Fang S. , Li S. , Liu S.
Published: July 2017

Quantitative proteomics has been made great progress in recent years. Label free quantitative proteomics analysis based on the mass spectrometry is widely used. Using this technique, we determined the differentially expressed proteins in the cisplatin-sensitive ovarian cancer cells COC1 and cisplatin-resistant cells COC1/DDP before and after the application of cisplatin. Using the GO analysis, we classified those proteins into different subgroups bases on their cellular component, biological process, and molecular function. We also used KEGG pathway analysis to determine the key signal pathways that those proteins were involved in. There are 710 differential proteins between COC1 and COC1/DDP cells, 783 between COC1 and COC1/DDP cells treated with cisplatin, 917 between the COC1/DDP cells and COC1/DDP cells treated with LaCl3, 775 between COC1/DDP cells treated with cisplatin and COC1/DDP cells treated with cisplatin and LaCl3. Among the same 411 differentially expressed proteins in cisplatin-sensitive COC1 cells and cisplain-resistant COC1/DDP cells before and after cisplatin treatment, 14% of them were localized on the cell membrane. According to the KEGG results, differentially expressed proteins were classified into 21 groups. The most abundant proteins were involved in spliceosome. This study lays a foundation for deciphering the mechanism for drug resistance in ovarian tumor.