bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basics of Mechanical Ventilation for Non-Aneasthetists. Part 2: Clinical Aspects
Authors: Putowski Zbigniew , Czok Marcelina , Liberski iotr S. , Krzych Łukasz J.
Published: January 2021

Invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) continues to be the most significant life support method. It is, however, coupled with many risks. Historically, concepts of MV did focus on improving the arterial blood gas results rather than preventing harmful side-effects of positive pressure ventilation. Since then, multiple studies exploring this matter emerged and led to the protective MV concept. The golden mean between assuring the best oxygenation and limiting the ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is still a matter of debate. These considerations are especially impactful while treating patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), where the limitation of MV’s negative effect is specifically important. This paper explores the protective ventilation concept and clinical implications of the latter.
Study of Genetic Variants in Chromosome 5p15.33 Region in Non-Smoker Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Mandour Iman , Hussein Sabah Ahmed Mohamed , Essam Rania , El-Hossainy Menna Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Genome-wide association studies have identified that genetic polymorphisms in the telomerase reverse transcrip-tase (TERT) and cleft lip and palate transmembrane 1-like (CLPTM1L) genes may play important roles in the development of lung cancer in never smokers. Material and methods: This study was aiming to evaluate the associations between the risk of lung cancer in never smokers and single nucleotide polymorphisms in these genes by Real-Time Taqman assay, in forty lung cancer patients and forty apparently healthy age-matched controls selected from the chest department, Kasr Al-Ainy hospital from June 2018 to January 2019. Results: Adenocarcinoma was the most common histopathological subtype of lung cancer in the study patients. Also, the prevalence of females having adenocarcinoma was more common than males. The heterozygous form of the CLPTM1L occurred more frequently in the subjects aged above 46 years (P = 0.019). There was a significant association between (rs 2730100) (c. 1574-3777C>A) TERT and CLPTM1L (rs 451360) (c.1532+ 1051C>A) genotypes and the incidence of lung cancer in never smokers, especially adenocarcinoma, a subtype of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Conclusions: Polymorphism in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and cleft lip and palate transmembrane 1 like (CLPT-M1L) genes may play an important role in the development of NSCLC, especially adenocarcinoma subtype. The two genes are located in the chromosome 5p15.33.
Should Emergency Medical Service Stuff Use Respirators with Filtered Valve during the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Barycka Katarzyna , Dzieciątkowski Tomasz , Drozd Anna , Szarpak Łukasz , Jaguszewski Miłosz J. , Filipiak Krzysztof J.
Published: January 2021

Performing medical procedures with the use of personal protective equipment may reduce the efficiency of medical procedures performed [...]
The role of photoperiod and melatonin in the control of seasonal reproduction in mammals
Authors: Szpręgiel Izabela , Wronska Danuta
Published: January 2021

Melatonin secreted by pineal cells is a hormone whose biosynthesis is coordinated by neurons of the master clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), characterized by the generation of a 24-hour rhythm. In many species of mammals, fluctuations in melatonin secretion affect reproductive functions, e.g. by regulating the frequency and amount of pulsatile secretion of hypothalamic and gonadotropic hormones. Seasonal breeding is a common adaptive strategy among mammals, allowing them to reproduce during the periods of the year that are most favourable for the later survival and growth of the offspring. This type of reproduction is characteristic of sheep, with winter reproductive activity, and hamsters, with summer reproductive activity. In these animals, melatonin synthesis is largely regulated by the photoperiod, which indirectly influences the period of reproductive activity or passivity. The aim of this study was to gather available knowledge on melatonin as a key element controlling seasonal reproduction. The paper presents the general shape of the circadian rhythm and the neuroendocrine mechanism regulating animal reproduction depending on the variable photoperiod. The collected results suggest that melatonin, kisspeptins, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), sex hormones and thyroid hormones participate in the regulation of seasonal reproduction in mammals. 
Concrete grade change in the layers
of three-layer steel fibre reinforced
concrete beams
Authors: Lam T.Q.K. , Do T.M.D. , Ngo V.T. , Nguyen T.T.N. , Pham D.Q.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Determine the state of stress-strain, formation and development cracks,
three-layer beam diagrams of load-compression stress, load-tension stress, load-vertical
displacement relationships with a change in concrete grade.
Design/methodology/approach: This paper presents the results of an ANSYS numerical
simulation analysis involving stress-strain state and cracking of the steel fiber concrete
layers of three-layer reinforced concrete beams with the upper and lower layers. With a
cross-section of 150x300 mm, a total span of 2200 mm and an effective length of 2000 mm,
the middle is a normal concrete layer. Under two-point loads, all the beam samples were
tested. The research simulated three-layer concrete beams in different layers of beams with
a change in concrete grade, and compared with and without the use of steel fibers in layers
of concrete beams, including the nonlinearity of the material considered.
Findings: A diagram of the formation and development of cracks in three-layer concrete
beams has been constructed by the study results, determining the load at which the
concrete beams begin to crack, the load at which the concrete beams are damaged. In the
middle of three-layer steel fiber reinforced concrete beams, load-compression stress, loadtension
stress, load-vertical displacement relationships are established. Study results show
that these three-layer concrete beams appear to crack earlier than in other cases in cases
2 and 3, but the beam bearing capacity is damaged at 67 kN, the earliest in case 3. And
case 6 at 116 kN is the latest. The effects of case 1 and case 3 are small compared with and
without the use of steel fibers in cases, while the effects of case 5 and case 6 are very high.
Research limitations/implications: The research focuses only on the change of
concrete grade in the layers, but the input parameters affecting three-layer steel fiber
concrete beams have not been researched, such as the number of tensile steel bars, tensile
steel bar diameter, steel fiber content in concrete, thickness variation in three-layer concrete
beam layers, etc.
Practical implications: Provides a result of experimental study and ANSYS numerical
simulation in multi-layer steel fiber concrete beams.
Originality/value: The analysis of multi-layered steel fiber concrete beams using
experimental and simulation methods shows that other parameters influencing the beams
will continue to analysis the working stages of three-layer beams.
Permethrin exposure affects neurobehavior and cellular characterization in rats' brain
Authors: Omotoso Gabriel , Oloyede Olajumoke , Lawal Shakirah , Gbadamosi Ismail , Mutholib Nafisat , Abdulsalam Fatimah , Bature Abdulkabir , Babalola Abulsalam , Ayeni Busola , Amedu Nathaniel
Published: January 2021

This study investigated the neurotoxic effects of permethrin on the cerebellum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of Wistar rats and its effects on some behavioral patterns. Fifteen adult male Wistar rats were grouped into three categories: Group A received 0.1 mL normal saline (control), and Groups B and C received mixed feed with 500 mg/kg and 1,000 mg/kg of 0.6% permethrin, respectively, for 14 days. The animals were assessed for memory, anxiety and exploratory locomotion and thereafter anesthetized and transcardially perfused with normal saline and 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Cerebellum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were excised from the whole brain and processed for tissue histology, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Oxidative status and lipid peroxidation were also assessed using catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde as biomarkers. Results revealed dosedependent decrease in body weights but increase in cerebellar and prefrontal weights, depletion of endogenous antioxidant markers, cognitive deficits, reduced locomotor activities, degenerative changes in the microarchitecture at high doses and presence of chromatolytic cells at both low and high doses of permethrin. Astrocytes were activated while synaptophysin expression was downregulated. Permethrin causes dose-dependent neurotoxicity on the morphology, neurochemistry and oxidative status of different brain regions, and these could affect behavioral performance and other neurologic functions.
Associations between gene polymorphisms and selected meat traits in cattle — A review
Authors: Zalewska Magdalena , Puppel Kamila , Sakowski Tomasz
Published: January 2021

Maintaining a high level of beef consumption requires paying attention not only to quantitative traits but also to the quality and dietary properties of meat. Growing consumer demands do not leave producers many options for how animals are selected for breeding and animal keeping. Meat and carcass fatness quality traits, which are influenced by multiple genes, are economically important in beef cattle breeding programs. The recent availability of genome sequencing methods and many previously identified molecular markers offer new opportunities for animal breeding, including the use of molecular information in selection programs. Many gene polymorphisms have thus far been analyzed and evaluated as potential candidates for molecular markers of meat quality traits. Knowledge of these markers can be further applied to breeding programs through marker-assisted selection. In this literature review, we discuss the most promising and well-described candidates and their associations with selected beef production traits.
Study of the Parameters of the Planner with a Screw Working Body
Authors: Tojiddin Khayrullaevich Juraev , Sobirjon Negmurodovich Norov , Furqat Shodiyevich Musulmanov
Published: January 2021

This chapter examined the theoretical background of the use of a screw working body in front of the planner bucket and conducting experiments in laboratory conditions with the proposed working body. This work supports the practical solution of using a screw working particle in the current field planning. Significance of the work reducing traction resistance to soil movement up to 20% enables the tractor unit to work at higher speeds of translational motion; the latter contributes to increased productivity, improved planning quality and reduced cash costs per unit of work performed. The chapter was prepared under results of research in the Mechanics Laboratory of Bukhara Engineering Technological Institute.
Phenolic Compounds and Potential Health Benefits of Pigmented Rice
Authors: Wongsa Prinya
Published: January 2021

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple plant foods for global population especially in Asian countries. Pigmented rice including red rice, black, and purple contains a range of bioactive compounds including phenolics acids and flavonoids. Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins are recognized as a major functional component in pigmented rice. Recently, pigmented rice varieties have received increasing attention from consumers due to its high nutritional values and bioactive compounds, providing its potential health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to provide an up-to-date coverage of a systematic and advanced isolation, extraction and analytical methods, and potential health benefit studies related to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic cardiovascular disease risk inhibition potential and anti-neurodegenerative potential of pigmented rice.
Advanced Biosensing towards Real-Time Imaging of Protein Secretion from Single Cells
Authors: Zhou Lang , Chen Pengyu , Simonian Aleksandr
Published: January 2021

Protein secretion of cells plays a vital role in intercellular communication. The abnormality and dysfunction of cellular protein secretion are associated with various physiological disorders, such as malignant proliferation of cells, aberrant immune function, and bone marrow failure. The heterogeneity of protein secretion exists not only between varying populations of cells, but also in the same phenotype of cells. Therefore, characterization of protein secretion from single cell contributes not only to the understanding of intercellular communication in immune effector, carcinogenesis and metastasis, but also to the development and improvement of diagnosis and therapy of relative diseases. In spite of abundant highly sensitive methods that have been developed for the detection of secreted proteins, majority of them fall short in providing sufficient spatial and temporal resolution for comprehensive profiling of protein secretion from single cells. The real-time imaging techniques allow rapid acquisition and manipulation of analyte information on a 2D plane, providing high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we summarize recent advances in real-time imaging of secretory proteins from single cell, including label-free and labelling techniques, shedding light on the development of simple yet powerful methodology for real-time imaging of single-cell protein secretion.
Optimization of Biogenic Synthesis of Colloidal Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: N. Moholkar Disha , V. Havaldar Darshana , S. Potadar Rachana , D. Pawar Kiran
Published: January 2021

Nanotechnology which deals with the synthesis and characterization of dispersed or solid particles in nano-metric range has emerged out to be a novel approach due to its ample applications in biomedical fields. The advancements in the field of nanotechnology and substantial evidences in biomedical applications have led the researchers to explore safe, ecofriendly, rapid and sustainable approaches for the synthesis of colloidal metal nanoparticles. This chapter illustrates superiority of biogenic route of synthesis of nanoparticles over the different approaches such as chemical and physical methods. In biogenic route, plants and microorganisms like algae, fungi, yeast, actinomycetes etc. act as “bio-factories” which reduce the metal precursors and play a crucial role in the synthesis of nanoparticles with distinct morphologies. Thus, the need of hazardous chemicals is eliminated and a safer and greener approach of nanoparticles synthesis can be adopted. This chapter also outlines the effect of optimization of different parameters mainly pH, temperature, time and concentration of metal ions on the nanoparticle synthesis. It is evident that the optimization of various parameters can yield nanoparticles with desired properties suitable for respective biomedical applications.
Ultra-High Performance and Low-Cost Architecture of Discrete Wavelet Transforms
Authors: Chehaitly Mouhamad , Tabaa Mohamed , Monteiro Fabrice , Saadaoui Safa , Dandache Abbas
Published: January 2021

This work targets the challenging issue to produce high throughput and low-cost configurable architecture of Discrete wavelet transforms (DWT). More specifically, it proposes a new hardware architecture of the first and second generation of DWT using a modified multi-resolution tree. This approach is based on serializations and interleaving of data between different stages. The designed architecture is massively parallelized and sharing hardware between low-pass and high-pass filters in the wavelet transformation algorithm. Consequently, to process data in high speed and decrease hardware usage. The different steps of the post/pre-synthesis configurable algorithm are detailed in this paper. A modulization in VHDL at RTL level and implementation of the designed architecture on FPGA technology in a NexysVideo board (Artix 7 FPGA) are done in this work, where the performance, the configurability and the generic of our architecture are highly enhanced. The implementation results indicate that our proposed architectures provide a very high-speed data processing with low needed resources. As an example, with the parameters depth order equal 2, filter order equal 2, order quantization equal 5 and a parallel degree P = 16, we reach a bit rate around 3160 Mega samples per second with low used of logic elements (≈400) and logic registers (≈700).
Tectonics and Seismicity in the periAdriatic Zones: Implications for Seismic Hazard in Italy
Authors: Mantovani Enzo , Tamburelli Caterina , Babbucci Daniele , Viti Marcello , Cenni Nicola
Published: January 2021

The recognition of the seismic zones most prone to next major earthquakes in Italy would considerably help the choice of the most efficient prevention plan. This work describes an attempt to gain reliable information about that problem by exploiting the knowledge about the short-term development of the ongoing tectonic processes in the study area and its influence on the spatio-temporal distribution of major shocks. In the periAdriatic zones, such distribution is connected with the progressive northward displacement of the Adria plate, that is controlled by the progressive activation of the decoupling fault systems in the surrounding belts (Dinarides, Apennines and Eastern Southern Alps). The reliability of this hypothesis is evaluated by analysing the seismic histories of the periAdriatic zones. The regularity patterns that are tentatively recognised in such histories are used to identify the most probable location of next major shocks. Further insights into the present seismic hazard in the Southern Apennines and Calabria are tentatively inferred from tectonic connections between these regions and other periAdriatic zones, suggested by the seismic histories in the last 2–4 centuries and the geodynamic/tectonic context in the central Mediterranean area.
Scenario of Antibiotic Resistance in Developing Countries
Authors: Mahmudul Hassan Mohammad
Published: January 2021

Antibiotic resistance is an emerging global concern. It is an increasing threat to public health sectors throughout the world. This devastating problem has drawn attention to researchers and stakeholders after a substantial economic loss for decades resulting from the ineffectiveness of antibiotics to cure infectious diseases in humans and animals. The spectrum of antibiotic resistance varies between developed and developing countries due to having variations in treatment approaches. Antibiotic therapy in the developed countries is usually rational and targeted to specific bacteria, whereas in the developing countries, most of the cases, the use of antibiotics is indiscriminate to the disease etiology. In developing countries, many people are not aware of using antimicrobials. They usually get suggestions from drug sellers and quacks who do not have the authorization to prescribe a drug. If registered doctors and veterinarians are asked to prescribe, then dose, course, and withdrawal period might be maintained adequately. Antibiotic resistance transmission mechanisms between agricultural production systems, environment, and humans in developing countries are very complex. Recent research makes a window to find out the global situation of antibiotic use and resistance pattern. The antibiotic resistance scenario in selected developing countries has been summarized in this chapter based on published literature (Table 1). This chapter describes the judicial use of antibiotics and discussed maintaining proper antibiotic dose, course, drug withdrawal period, especially on food-producing animals. The book contains a few recommendations, suggested by the national multi-sectoral surveillance committee to avoid antibiotic resistance organisms in livestock and humans in the developing countries.
Knotworking as an Analytical Tool for Designing E-Learning While Targeting Industry Competence Needs
Authors: Hattinger Monika , Spante Maria
Published: January 2021

This chapter outlines challenges and opportunities for teachers in higher education in their design work of e-learning courses targeting practitioner’s competence development of production technology knowledge. Teachers are challenged to develop up-to-date learning material and digitize learning tasks such as virtual labs and machine-related cases that align to workplace knowledge needs. Design work used for campus education is argued to be insufficient to meet e-learning education while targeting industry competence requirements. Teachers and practitioners are in a transformative process when they engage in mutual design work that both encompass a new e-learning situation, and a new target group of experienced practitioners and workplace demands within smart manufacturing. The theoretical concept knotworking, is applied to shed light on the complexity of designing courses for work-integrated e-learning aiming to enhance professional competences. Knotworking refers to tying, untying, and retying together seemingly separate threads of activity. Based on a longitudinal competence development project, this chapter analyzes considerations of an e-learning design practice through the knotworking concept for understanding learning and practices across professional boundaries.
The Effect of Ceramic Wastes on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Eco-Friendly Flowable Sand Concrete
Authors: Guendouz Mohamed , Boukhelkhal Djamila , Bourdot Alexandra , Babachikh Oussama , Hamadouche Amine
Published: January 2021

This work aims to study the valorization and recycling of ceramic wastes (wall tiles) as a fine aggregate instead of sand in the manufacturing of flowable sand concrete (FSC). For this, the sand is substituted with the ceramic wastes at different dosages (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% by volume of the sand). The influence of the ceramic wastes addition on the physical (workability, density) and mechanical (compressive, flexural and elastic modulus) properties of FSC was studied. The results show that the use of ceramic waste as partial replacement of sand contributes to reduce the workability, bulk density and improves the mechanical strengths of FSC according to the use of 25% of wall tiles waste.
Concentrations of Heavy Metals as Proxies of Marine Pollution along Nellore Coast of South District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Pramod Kumar Madri , Lakshmi Prasad Tella , Nagalakshmi Kothapalli , Jayaraju Nadimikeri , Lakshmanna Ballari
Published: January 2021

Bottom sediment samples from six stations were sampled in pre monsoon 2016, from the Govindampalli – Durgarajupatnam (GP-DP) coast. Heavy metals viz., Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cd analysis was carried out by using ICP-OES, and the average concentrations are as follows Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd. Various environmental indices like Factor Analysis (FA), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were applied to the chemical data in order to know the levels of contamination and factors contributing to the pollution. Correlation coefficient results exhibits significant positive and negative relationships among Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cd. All the environmental indices suggest that heavy metals were present at higher concentrations and the impacts of anthropogenic activities are crucial that serves as source of heavy metals in the zone. Relatively, maximum number of heavy metals viz., Fe, Ni and Pb were accumulated at the brackish environment i.e., at confluence of Swarnamukhi river (GP-S Station).
A Note on Heat Transport with Aspect of Magnetic Dipole and Higher Order Chemical Process for Steady Micropolar Fluid
Authors: Ayub Assad , A. Wahab Hafiz , Sabir Zulqurnain , Arbi Adnène
Published: January 2021

Heat transfer through non-uniform heat source/sink is the most significant aspect in view of many physical problems. Heat sink/source with heat transfer help to change the energy distribution in fluids, which consequently disturbs the particle deposition rate like as nuclear reactors, semiconductors and electronic devices. Further, also, the vital role of heat transfer is to enhance the thermal conductivity of micro sized solid particles in fluid. This study scrutinizes the heat transport of steady micropolar fluid via non-uniform heat sink/ source and mass transfer is scrutinized through higher order chemical reaction over a stretching surface with variable heat flux. Moreover, the velocity of micropolar fluid is studied by considering aspects of magnetic dipole and Newtonian heating; velocity slip conditions are also examined. The numerical results have been performed by using the well-known numerical shooting technique and comparison is performed with the Matlab built-in solver bvp4c. Geometrically explanation reveals the properties of numerous parameters that are the system parts. The observed outcomes show that the local skin-friction coefficient and Sherwood number values goes up with the increase of chemical reaction rate parameters and Schmidt numbers. Chemical reaction based parameters boosts up the rate of heat as well as mass transfer. The stress of wall couple increased by increasing the Schmidt and chemical parameters. Moreover, the plots of dimensionless parameters have been drawn, as well as some parameter results are tabulated.
Prevalence, Symptomatology and Herbal Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Sultana Sabira , Akhter Naheed , Akram Muhammad , Muhammad Ali Shah Syed , Munir Naveed , Riaz Muhammad , Aziz-ur-Rehman  , Perveen Samina , Ashraf Tayyaba
Published: January 2021

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is multi-organ syndrome that affects 6–25% of females during reproductive age. It disrupts normal hormone levels of females and affects adrenal hormone and sex hormones along with pituitary hormones including adrenocorticotropic, growth hormone and gonadotropins hormones. It results in several secondary characteristics in females such as infertility, hormonal imbalance, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, obesity and hirsutism. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is associated with mental and reproductive disorder and almost 4–18% mature female students are affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome. Female affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome have increased risk of infertility, ovarian cancer, skin problems and psychological problems such as anxiety, depression and changes in sleep along with mood swings. This chapter discusses the Prevalence, Symptomatology and Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. For the management of PCOS, the role of some medicinal plants including Asparagus racemosus, Tinospora cordifolia, Foeniculum vulgare, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Actaea racemosa, and Lepidium meyenii have also been discussed in addition to other treatment modalities. The literature data was searched out and compiled using relevant original research articles and reviews published and indexed in Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Elsevier, PubMed and Science Direct.
Challenges of WSNs in IoT
Authors: Kundaliya Brijesh
Published: January 2021

IoT and WSNs are the prime moving force for technology in the current world. WSNs unfold their capacity day by day in almost every aspect of life. IoT enables to integrate the different devices and makes it possible to communicate with each other. It makes life easier and upgrades the application’s usage to the next level. The integration of WSNs with IoT will help to reach apical of the usage of applications. The combination of WSNs and IoT will open up new doors in almost all the possible fields however the amalgamation of both the technology needs careful consideration about bringing the both on same level. The IoT is considered a mighty giant with enormous power and capability. On the other side, WSNs are miniature having limited resources but the tremendous capability to penetrate in almost every aspect of life. WSN’s limited resources are the main concern while integrating it with the IoT. The integration will make it possible to access the sensor node from any part of the world. It implies that now the sensor node is open for any heterogeneous internet user in the world. It will cause a security issue. Moreover, the topology and addressing of WSNs are different from the normal internet which needs to be addressed during the integrations. And there are other challenges too which we discussed in depth in this chapter.
Quality of Life in Employee with Workaholism
Authors: Koseoglu Ornek Ozlem , Kolac Nurcan
Published: January 2021

Workaholism has been a growing issue among the labour force worldwide. However, there is no consensus between scholars about its definition yet. It might be described as “being overly concerned about work, driven by a strong and uncontrollable desire to work, and spending so much energy and effort on work that it impairs private relationships, personal hobbies/activities, and/or health”. Generally, people with specific personality traits may have an increased chance of developing workaholism. In addition, there are other factors, such as sociocultural characteristics, relationships with colleagues and significant others, and organizational culture might also play an important influence on developing workaholism. It causes many physical and psychological health problems, such as high blood pressure, anxiety, depression, and family and lifestyle dissatisfaction, and a reduction in job satisfaction, presenteeism, and motivation. Putting all of this together, it is clear that workaholism has a negative influence on employees’ quality of life and overall well-being. Therefore, this study aimed at examining a variety of approaches to define “workaholism” in related literature, defining its etiology, related factors, outcomes, prevention, and treatment. The PubMed/Medline database was also used for related studies that were published in English. “Workaholism”, “obsessive–compulsive behavior”, and “quality of health” were used as keywords. It is crucial to take action to prevent people from becoming workaholics. Early diagnoses of workaholism, using predictive factors by occupational healthcare professionals in the workplace, would help decrease its impact on workers’ health, and an effective treatment of workaholism should be applied.
Introducer Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Palliative Care of Patients with Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Mahawongkajit Prasit
Published: January 2021

In the treatment of esophageal cancer and palliative care, nutritional status plays an important role in the patients’ tolerance of treatment, affects the quality of life, and outcomes. Alimentation in such patients can be achieved by enteral or parenteral nutrition but the enteral route is the preferring option. Pre-pyloric feeding is easier and may result in greater nutritional benefits than post-pyloric feeding. Gastrostomy is the conventional option for intra-gastric feeding, hydration, and drug administration. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a minimally invasive procedure and is currently the procedure of choice. Two PEG techniques are clinically used worldwide: pull and push or introducer method. The pull-type technique is the most commonly used method, but the concerning point is that the implantation of esophageal cancer cells into the gastrostomy stroma. The introducer method is a safe alternative and effective technique for enteral feeding to the stomach with the avoidance of cancer cells seeding.
Increasing Student Attendance at Library Workshops: What the Data Tells Us
Authors: Witherspoon Richelle , Taber Philip
Published: January 2021

With attendance rates at library workshops and events in decline, the authors looked to data from practice to help the field move forward. Using survey responses from providers of 161 library workshops across Canada and the United States, the authors examined 10 key variables that are widely believed to impact attendance rates (topic, month, time, duration, advertising, location, target audience, series status, buy-in, and incentives). Analysis of the responses highlights several trends in attendance and offers a better understanding of what students are looking for from extracurricular educational opportunities like those provided by libraries.
Collecting First-Generation Voices in Academic Libraries and Archives
Authors: Graham Blake , Baldivia Stefani , Cuthbertson William , Leon Kendall , Monson Jane , Trask Jay
Published: January 2021

First-generation college students have a profound impact both inside and outside the classroom on the strategic goals of universities, yet in-depth, firsthand information about their experiences are difficult for researchers and university administrators to find. Oral histories are a data-rich method of collecting narratives that legitimize the perspectives of underrepresented communities whose stories are often absent from the written record. This article provides a brief overview of first-generation populations, a review of literature relating to the increasing involvement of libraries and archives in capturing and preserving the stories of underdocumented communities in the twenty-first century, and shares three case studies of first-generation initiatives at public universities in California, Colorado, and Nebraska.
Drug Shortage and Critical Medication Inventory Management at a Children's Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Moss Jeffrey D. , Schwenk Hayden T. , Chen Michael , Gaskari Shabnam
Published: January 2021

Drug shortages have significantly affected the ability to provide care at pediatric institutions, particularly in the inpatient and critical care settings. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted additional challenges with drug supply chains. A working group consisting of pharmacy management, clinical pharmacists, and pharmacy buyers met regularly at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. In collaboration with medical staff leadership and the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, we developed a pediatric critical drug list to track essential medications for targeted monitoring. We created an inventory model with easily modifiable input variables related to patient and hospital data. This model was aligned across affiliate health care systems to increase transparency of our hospital's surge capacity for managing patients with COVID-19. Here, we share our framework for modeling drug inventory management at a freestanding children's hospital during a global pandemic.
Exposure-Based Methadone and Lorazepam Weaning Protocol Reduces Wean Length in Children
Authors: Wilson Alexandra K. , Ragsdale Carolyn E. , Sehgal Ila , Vaughn Micah , Padilla-Tolentino Eimeira , Barczyk Amanda N. , Lawson Karla A.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

Determine if a standardized methadone and lorazepam weaning protocol that is based on dose and duration of exposure can reduce the length of opioid and benzodiazepine weaning and shorten hospital stay.

METHODS

Retrospective cohort study performed in a 24-bed medical/surgical PICU. A total of 177 patients on opioid and/or benzodiazepine infusions for >3 days were included; 75 patients pre protocol (June 2012– June 2013) were compared with 102 patients post implementation of a standardized weaning protocol of methadone and lorazepam (March 2014–March 2015). The recommended wean was based on duration of infusions of >3 days up to 5 days (no wean), 5 to 13 days (short wean), and ≥14 days (long wean).

RESULTS

Median number of days on methadone for patients on opioid infusions for 5 to 13 days was reduced from 8.5 to 5.7 days (p = 0.001; n = 45 [pre], n = 68 [post]) and for patients on opioid infusions for ≥14 days, from 29.7 to 11.5 days (p = 0.003; n = 9 [pre], n = 9 [post]) after protocol implementation. The median number of days on lorazepam for patients on benzodiazepine infusions for 5 to 13 days was reduced from 8.1 to 5.2 days (p = 0.020; n = 43 [pre], n = 55 [post]) and for patients on benzodiazepine infusions for ≥14 days, from 27.4 to 9.3 days (p = 0.011; n = 9 [pre], n = 8 [post]). There was no difference in methadone or lorazepam wean length for patients on 3 to 5 days of infusions. There was no difference in adverse events or hospital length of stay.

CONCLUSIONS

A methadone and lorazepam weaning protocol based on patient's exposure to opioids and benzodiazepines (dose and duration) reduces weaning length.
Achieving Vancomycin Troughs Within Goal Range in Low Birth Weight Neonates
Authors: Stone Sadie B. , Benner Kim , Utley Aubrey , MacLennan Paul , Coghill Carl H.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

Vancomycin is commonly used in the neonatal population to treat Gram-positive bacterial infections. Despite frequent use, consensus on the ideal dosing regimen in low birth weight (LBW) neonates is lacking. The objective of this research is to determine how frequently vancomycin troughs within goal range (10–20 mg/L) are achieved with empiric dosing in critically ill neonates and infants weighing less than 2500 g.

METHODS

This retrospective review evaluated LBW infants who were admitted to a level IV NICU from January 2015 to December 2016. Patients were included if they had a vancomycin trough sample collected at steady state (after at least 3 doses). Three trough cohorts (subtherapeutic: <10 mg/L, therapeutic: 10–20 mg/L, and supratherapeutic: >20 mg/L) were compared with 1-way ANOVA for continuous data and a chi-square analysis for categorical data.

RESULTS

A total of 74 patients were included, with a mean birth weight (BW) of 819.7 ± 355.4 g and a mean gestational age (GA) of 26.4 ± 3.7 weeks. Only 27 patients (36.5%) had therapeutic vancomycin trough concentrations. Subtherapeutic troughs were recorded in 40 patients (54.1%), while supratherapeutic troughs were recorded in 7 patients (9.5%). Although there was no difference between the initial dose, initial frequency was significantly different between cohorts (p = 0.04).

CONCLUSION

Empiric dosing regimens do not produce vancomycin troughs within the goal range in most LBW patients.
Perceived Versus Demonstrated Understanding of the Complex Medications of Medically Complex Children
Authors: Blackmer Allison B. , Fox David , Arendt Dave , Phillips Kyle , Feinstein James A.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES

Parents and caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC) manage complex medication regimens (CMRs) at home. Parental understanding of CMRs is critical to safe medication administration. Regarding CMR administration, we 1) described the population of CMC receiving CMRs; 2) assessed parental perceived confidence and understanding; and 3) evaluated parental demonstrated understanding.

METHODS

Cross-sectional clinic-based assessment of knowledge and understanding of CMC using CMRs who received primary care in a large pediatric complex care clinic. CMRs were identified by the receipt of ≥1 of the following: 1) ≥10 concurrent medications; 2) ≥1 high-risk medication; or 3) ≥1 extemporaneously compounded medication. Parents reported their perceived confidence and understanding of CMRs, and then demonstrated understanding through 3 medication-related tasks.

RESULTS

Of 156 CMCs, most were <10 years of age (63.5%), white (75%), had neurologic impairment (76.9%), and used a median of 8 medications (IQR, 5–10). Parents were female (76.9%) with a mean age of 38.8 ± 11.5 years, white (69.9%), spoke English (94.2%), and had some college education (82.1%). On 11 confidence and understanding statements, most parents reported a high perceived level of understanding and confidence, with combined agreement or strong agreement ranging between 81.2% and 98.7%. Only 73.1% correctly identified medications taken for specified conditions, 40.4% reported complete dosing parameters, and 54.8% correctly measured 2 different medication doses. Significant differences existed between parental perceived understanding versus the 3 demonstrated tasks (all p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Substantial opportunities exist to improve medication safety and efficacy in the outpatient, in-home setting including improved medication-specific education and medication-related supports.
Bioescritas como dispositivo de construção dramatúrgica com adolescentes privados de liberdade
Authors: Castro Marcelo
Published: January 2021

Esta escrita apresenta parte da pesquisa de Mestrado em Ensino de Artes realizada com adolescentes privados de liberdade em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas na Unidade de Atendimento Socioeducativo de Benevides (PA). Objetivou-se investigar o processo criativo do espetáculo O voo dos meninos-pássaros, que foi construído a partir das bioescritas dos adolescentes, e com base no Teatro do Oprimido. Essas grafias apresentam potências reflexivas desses jovens, os quais, com suas experiências de vida e visões de mundo singulares, convidam-nos a conhecer a realidade na perspectiva de quem está dentro da história.
Normativity of cooperation in theater classes
Authors: Magela André Luiz Lopes
Published: January 2021

This article proposes the distinction and pedagogical treatment of elements of normativity acting in the practice of theatrical exercises and games in the planning and conduction of theater classes in schools, particularly in situations where joint attention and cooperation operate. The initial intentions of this approach are to increase the investigative quality of these classes, with the consequent improvement in the specification of the contents worked on, and the constitution of resistance actions and concrete answers to some argumentative elements present in politically reactionary proposals in Brazil, more active since the year of 2016 and consolidated in the 2018 elections.
A geometria do espaço e do gesto em cena: uma leitura de Os arqueólogos
Authors: Lopes Cassia Costa
Published: January 2021

Este ensaio volta-se para a análise do texto dramatúrgico Os arqueólogos, do escritor paulista Vinicius Calderoni, tendo em vista uma reflexão sobre a noção do espaço e do gesto a partir da avaliação dos procedimentos de construção textual dramática e seus desdobramentos filosóficos. Consideram-se as especificidades da paisagem da dramaturgia contemporânea, a fragmentação da fábula, do mythos, no desenho da escrita episódica e sua relação com a crônica fotográfica dos tempos atuais.
Das origens ao circo-teatro: mutabilidade e permanência do melodrama
Authors: Macedo Cristina Alves de , Costa Eliene Benício Amancio
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo, tratou-se sobre o melodrama trazendo considerações a respeito de sua origem até a sua presença no circo-teatro. É um estudo bibliográfico, com destaque para autores italianos que tratam da ópera como melodrama. Em relação ao circo-teatro brasileiro, foram citadas pesquisas relevantes sobre sua criação e sobre como o gênero melodrama destaca-se como exemplo de dramaturgia que vai preponderar neste formato de circo.
A fenomenologia da máscara neutra
Authors: Teixeira Evandro Luis
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo proponho uma aproximação conceitual entre o recurso expressivo conhecido como Máscara Neutra e a abordagem filosófica chamada de Fenomenologia. Procuro descrever em linhas gerais os princípios da atuação com esse tipo de máscara, que originalmente era chamada de Nobre, e faço uma comparação de seus princípios com alguns aspectos do método fenomenológico. Por fim, problematizo a relação entre o ator e a máscara, tentando provocar o leitor a questionar certos paradigmas representacionais.
Performance do Encontro: práticas performativas em tempos de presença real e virtual
Authors: Silva Renata Teixeira Ferreira da , Silva Suzane Weber da
Published: January 2021

Este artigo teve como objetivo apresentar procedimentos da prática performativa que evidenciam o encontro em tempo real no cotidiano urbano, advindo da Pesquisa Performance do Encontro. Para tanto, foram exploradas as noções de re-enactment e de acaso, explicitadas em narrativas de experiências próprias na criação de programas performativos, e também a partir de reflexões acerca da prática de duas performers, Eleonora Fabião e Tania Alice. As camadas espectatoriais da Performance do Encontro foram aqui examinadas considerando o momento de isolamento social vivenciado frente a COVID-19.
OCDE e Educação teatral
Authors: Magela André Luiz Lopes
Published: January 2021

Entrevista realizada por escrito em maio de 2020 com Andreas Schleicher, diretor de educação da OCDE – Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico, enfocando questões educacionais que direta ou indiretamente dizem respeito à educação teatral. Foram também entrevistados Stéphan Vincent-Lancrin, Ellen Winner e Thalia Goldstein, autores de livro da OCDE dedicado ao ensino de artes em escolas. Os assuntos abordados giraram em torno da importância da educação artística, conexões da educação artística com competências, políticas públicas em educação e agenda econômica mundial. A entrevista é precedida por uma apresentação de autoria do entrevistador.
OECD and Theatre Education
Authors: Magela André Luiz Lopes
Published: January 2021

Written interview in May 2020 with Andreas Schleicher, director of education at the OECD – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, focusing on educational issues that directly or indirectly concern theatre education. The interview was also addressed to Stéphan Vincent-Lancrin, Ellen Winner and Thalia Goldstein, authors of an OECD book dedicated to teaching arts in schools. The approached topics comprehended the importance of artistic education, connections of artistic education with competencies, public policies in education and the global economic agenda. The interview is preceded by a preamble authored by the interviewer.
Liberdade criativa atrás das grades: um mergulho na arte dentro dos presídios do Piauí
Authors: Fontes Erica Rodrigues
Published: January 2021

Valdsom Braga narra sobre sua experiência como Diretor de Arte nos presídios do estado do Piauí, de 19 de janeiro de 2016 a 19 de janeiro de 2019. Ele identifica a arte como ferramenta de mudança social e salienta que a sociedade deve ser treinada a aceitar, e não a excluir, pessoas privadas de liberdade. Valdsom compara ainda a situação dos presídios com a situação das escolas estaduais do Piauí, onde hoje é Diretor Artístico de projeto com enfoque na valorização da vida, combatendo amplamente o suicídio.
body in its digital expansion
Authors: Javier Buendía Francisco , Alvira Lidia , Sebastián Hernández Juan
Published: January 2021

Recognizing the importance of Tributo as a creation space where pedagogical and digital processes are linked, allows the Fashion Design program of the Corporación Unificada Nacionalde Educación Superior CUN in Bogota to move from a personal experience to virtual teaching, as a result of the context variables, to guide the creation processes of the students that areconsolidated from the distant viewpoint of the professor. Three fundamental elements are identified to articulate the research process: the otherness to understand the strategies from the virtual education; the possibility of diversifying the products from the digital creation andthe use of didactic tools, where it gamifies to harness the levels of motivation of the students;the pedagogic and creative practice from the sustainability. We find that teachers establish strategies to take the training of university students through a motivating route that is evidenced in the diversity of products that goes beyond the conventional costume format and focuseson the iconic message, photography, editing, visual and musical remix, which enhance other skills that fashion students in the search for a comprehensive, competitive, sensitive and creative professional.