bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imagerie sismique par corrélation de bruit ambiant : du laboratoire à l’échelle globale
Authors: Boué Pierre , Paul Anne
Published: February 2020

L’énergie sismique libérée par une source naturelle ou artificielle est habituellement utilisée pour éclairer la structure interne de la Terre. Aujourd’hui, de nouvelles méthodes permettent de se passer de ces sources conventionnelles via l'utilisation du bruit sismique ambiant qui, après corrélation de longs enregistrements, transforme virtuellement chaque récepteur en source. Cette méthode d’imagerie du sous-sol est également répétable dans le temps, donnant ainsi accès à une multitude d’applications pour la surveillance des structures géologiques.

Cet article présente le principe de l’interférométrie sismique par corrélation du bruit ambiant à travers différents exemples, de l’échelle du laboratoire à l’échelle globale.
Grand Minima in a spherical non-kinematicα2Ω mean-field dynamo model
Authors: Simard Corinne , Charbonneau Paul
Published: February 2020

We present a non-kinematic axisymetricα2Ω mean-field dynamo model in which the completeα-tensor and mean differential rotation profile are both extracted from a global magnetohydrodynamical simulation of solar convection producing cycling large-scale magnetic fields. The nonlinear backreaction of the Lorentz force on differential rotation is the only amplitude-limiting mechanism introduced in the mean-field model. We compare and contrast the amplitude modulation patterns characterizing this mean-field dynamo, to those already well-studied in the context of non-kinematicαΩ models using a scalarα-effect. As in the latter, we find that large quasi-periodic modulation of the primary cycle are produced at low magnetic Prandtl number (Pm), with the ratio of modulation period to the primary cycle period scaling inversely with Pm. The variations of differential rotation remain well within the bounds set by observed solar torsional oscillations. In this low-Pm regime, moderately supercritical solutions can also exhibit aperiodic Maunder Minimum-like periods of strongly reduced cycle amplitude. The inter-event waiting time distribution is approximately exponential, in agreement with solar activity reconstructions based on cosmogenic radioisotopes. Secular variations in low-latitude surface differential rotation during Grand Minima, as compared to epochs of normal cyclic behavior, are commensurate in amplitude with historical inferences based on sunspot drawings. Our modeling results suggest that the low levels of observed variations in the solar differential rotation in the course of the activity cycle may nonetheless contribute to, or perhaps even dominate, the regulation of the magnetic cycle amplitude.
Arthrodesis of the equine proximal interphalangeal joint: a biomechanical comparison of 2 different LCP systems
Authors: Vidović Aleksandar , Jansen Dorothea , Schwan Stefan , Goldstein Alexander , Ludtka Christopher , Brehm Walter
Published: February 2020

Objective This study compares the mechanical stability and surgical usability of 2 locking plate systems (Kyon ALPS-20 and Synthes PIP-LCP system) for
arthrodesis of the equine proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ).

Material and methods The experimental ex vivo study included 6 pairs of cadaver distal limbs (n = 12). All specimens were derived from Warmblood horses of
various ages that were euthanized for non-orthopedic reasons. Of the 12 limbs collected, 3 left and 3 right distal limb specimens were randomly assigned to each
system for implantation. Two abaxial 4.5-mm cortical screws were inserted transarticularly in all cases. Both systems were implanted according to the
manufacturer’s instructions with the plates placed centrally between the 2 transarticular screws. The ALPS-20 systems were implanted using Kyon B-6.4-mm
monocortical locking screws in all positions. The LCP systems were implanted axially using 2 Synthes 5-mm locking screws in the proximal and distal positions,
with a standard 4.5-mm cortical screw inserted in the middle position. All constructs underwent CT-scans after implantation and biomechanical testing to detect
implant deformation. Uniaxial mechanical loading was applied via a servo-hydraulic test system at a test speed of 50 mm/s, up to a maximum displacement of 80
mm. The resulting load-displacement curves were used to calculate yield point, stiffness, and maximum force for each construct. The measured values were
evaluated for statistical significance (p < 0.05) between the 2 plate systems via one-factor ANOVA (Tukey test). The statistical power was verified for yield
force, stiffness, and maximum load.

Results No statistically significant differences between the 2 preparation groups were calculated across all of the measured parameters (p > 0.05). The
ALPS system implants showed no signs of deformation, either in the plates or the screws. In contrast, the LCP demonstrated visible deformation, which had
already occurred at the time of implantation from the tightening of the middle screw, as well as during the subsequent testing of the implants. After
biomechanical testing, deformations ranging between 3.1° and 7.0° were measured in 4 LCPs. A total implant failure was observed for 2 LCPs.

Conclusion and clinical relevance Both systems demonstrated comparable mechanical properties in the present study’s ex vivo test model for equine PIJ
arthrodesis. As such, the Kyon ALPS-20 may be a good alternative to the Synthes LCP for equine PIJ arthrodesis.
Computed tomographic and sonographic findings in a dog with duplex kidney, ureter duplex and ectopic ureterocele
Authors: Kopp Katharina I. , Schaub Sebastian , Peppler Christine , Acker Alexander , von Pueckler Kerstin
Published: February 2020

A 5-month-old, male French bulldog was presented with a history of urinary incontinence. Abdominal ultrasound showed changes compatible with a ureterocele and a
bilobed right kidney. Excretory computed tomographic urography was consistent with right-sided duplex kidney, ureter duplex and ectopic ureterocele. To the
authors’ knowledge, this is the first description of a duplex kidney with an ectopic ureterocele diagnosed with ultrasound and contrast enhanced computed
tomography in a dog. After the imaging diagnosis, a neoureterocystostomy was performed. In the follow-up examination the dog presented with mild incontinence
which was treated medically using phenylpropanolamine.
MAGNETKRANKENHAUS: Zieht Mitarbeiter und Patienten magnetisch an
Authors: Konig Anja , Vogt Birgit
Published: February 2020

Der Name ist Programm: Ein Magnetkrankenhaus zieht Pflegende an und bindet sie an sich. Das Konzept ist in den USA seit Jahrzehnten eine Erfolgsgeschichte. Jetzt schwappt es über nach Europa und Deutschland. Kein Wunder: Erfahrene Mitarbeiter bilden die Grundlage für die Leistungsfähigkeit eines Krankenhauses und eine qualitativ hochwertige Patientenversorgung.
HEBAMMENAUSBILDUNG: Die Bachelor-Hebammen
Authors: Konig Romy
Published: February 2020

Wer künftig als Hebamme zugelassen werden will, muss studieren: Das besagt das Hebammenreformgesetz, das zum 1. Januar in Kraft getreten ist. Durch die Vollakademisierung soll der Beruf attraktiver, der Hebammenmangel eingedämmt werden. Doch das Gegenteil könnte eintreten, befürchten Ärzte und Kliniken: Die Akademisierung könnte den Mangel befeuern.
Neutron production from thermonuclear reactions in laser-generated plasmas
Authors: Wu Yuanbin
Published: February 2020

The production of intense neutron beams via thermonuclear reactions in laser-generated plasmas is investigated theoretically. So far, state-of-the-art neutron beams are produced via laser-induced particle acceleration leading to high-energy particle beams that subsequently interact with a secondary target. Here, we show that neutron beams of two orders of magnitude narrower bandwidth can be obtained from thermonuclear reactions in plasmas generated by Petawatt-class lasers. The intensity of such neutron beams is about one or two orders of magnitude lower than the one of the state-of-the-art laser-driven neutron beams. We study to this end the reaction 2H(d, n)3He in plasmas generated by Petawatt-class lasers interacting with D2 gas jet targets and CD2 solid-state targets. The results also show the possibility of direct measurements of reaction rates at low temperatures of astrophysical interest. In addition, the use of CD2 solid-state targets can also lead to great enhancements of the plasma screening compared to the case of D2 gas jet targets, opening new possibilities to study this so far unsolved issue in the field of astrophysics.
Retractable, rotatable gratings allow different measurement techniques within a single apparatus
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: February 2020

By removing the gratings or changing their orientation, the nondestructive X-ray imaging system can access different imaging modes.
Activation of potassium released from soil by root-secreted organic acids in different varieties of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
Authors: Yang Zhi-Xiao , Yu Shi-Zhou , Lin Ying-Chao , Zhang Wei-Jun , Wang Yi , Wang Ren-Gang , Xu Shi-Xiao , Yang Tie-Zhao , Xue Gang
Published: February 2020

Organic acids secreted from the roots of plants play important roles in nutrient acquisition and metal detoxification; however, the precise underlying mechanisms of these processes remain poorly understood. In the present study we examined the content of organic acids exuded from roots and the effects of these organic acids on the activation of slowly available potassium (K) at different K levels, including normal K supply and K-deficient conditions. In addition, the study system also comprised a high-K tobacco variety (ND202) and two common ones (K326 and NC89). Our results showed that high-K varieties exhibited significantly higher contents of organic acids in its root exudates and available K in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils than the other varieties. This research also suggested that a cyclic process in which soil was acidified after being complexed by organic acids was involved in the release of slowly available K, and that this process primarily depended on the soil pH at high organic acids concentrations, but the complexation of organic ligands became dominant at low concentrations. In conclusion, tobacco roots secrete organic acids to increase available K content and improve the utilisation rate of soil K. High-K varieties probably enhance slowly available K activation by secreting relatively high amounts of organic acids, thus leading to more available K in soil for absorption by plants.
Contributions of episodic memory to novel word learning
Authors: Hamrick Phillip , Graff Carine , Finch Brittany
Published: February 2020

Multiple theories predict that word learning is intimately linked to episodic memory, at least in the early phases
of learning. However, it is unclear to what degree this link reflects more domain-specific (i.e., those dedicated to language or
the lexicon) or more domain-general episodic memory processes that operate outside of language. One way to address this
possibility is by using a behavioral individual differences design. This study examined whether behavioral individual differences
in episodic memory abilities predicted adult word learning abilities. If behavioral performance in a nonlinguistic episodic memory
task is predictive of behavioral performance in word learning, then it is likely that they share a common underlying
nonlinguistic, memory-based mechanism. The results revealed that individual differences in episodic memory abilities predicted
word learning abilities shortly after learning but not two days later. These behavioral results are consistent with prior
neuropsychological observations (e.g., in amnesia: Kensinger, Ullman, & Corkin,
2001) as well as with theories positing a shift in reliance in lexical development from episodic memory to a
distributed neocortical memory system after a period of sleep (e.g., Davis & Gaskell,
2009).
Effect of glucose and sodium chloride mouth rinses on neuromuscular fatigue: a preliminary study
Authors: Khong Teng Keen , Selvanayagam Victor , Yusof Ashril
Published: February 2020

Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse has been shown to improve endurance performance and maintain the central drive of contracting muscles. Salt (NaCl) mouth rinse solution, often used in dentistry to desensitise the oral cavity to pain, could also activate cortical areas of the brain. Hence, the objective of this preliminary study was to investigate whether CHO (glucose) and NaCl mouth rinses could attenuate the reduction in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and sustained MVC (sMVC) following an endurance exercise (30‐minute cycling at 70% VO2max). Ten subjects (male, age: 22 ± 1 years, weight: 65.3 ± 12.4 kg, height: 164.5 ± 7.5 cm, VO2max: 48.3 ± 6.1 mL kg−1 min−1) completed three trials of 30‐minute cycling exercise. In a randomised cross‐over study, in each trial, the participants rinsed using either water, 6% glucose, or 6% NaCl solution for 5 s immediately prior to and every 10 min during the cycling exercise. The MVC and sMVC were measured pre and post cycling. Analysis of variance showed significant interaction and time effects for MVC, while for sMVC there was a significant interaction with time and group effects. Both MVC and sMVC were higher post cycling in the glucose and NaCl groups compared to the water group, which suggests that activation of glucose and NaCl oral receptors could better preserve post‐exercise force production. This is the first study to show that NaCl mouth rinse can produce a comparable effect on glucose. Hence, mouth rinses may be able to activate other distinct pathways that could attenuate fatigue.
Potency of diversity and utilization of rattan in Paru village forest, Sijunjung regency, West Sumatra
Authors: Octavia D , Nugroho NP
Published: February 2020

The existence of forests for indigenous peoples in Paru Village (Nagari Paru) is very important as a source of livelihood. Paru Village Forest, which is under the management of Sijunjung Forest Management Unit, Sijunjung Regency has the potentials for economic value of both timber and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). In Paru Village Forest, various types of rattan were found which are the most common types of NTFPs found in this region. The purpose of this study was to determine the potency of rattan as one of a prime non-timber forest products and their utilization in Paru Village Forest, Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra Province. Seventeen species of rattan were found based on observations on 98 sample plots with an area 0.1 hectares per plot. Sikai Rattan (Calamusspp.) was found in the highest number, namely 149 individuals, followed by Ant Rattan (Daemonorops verticilliaris(Griff.) Mart.) and Shrimp Rattan (Calamus spectabilisBl.) with 119 and 114 individuals respectively. Jernang rattan (Daemonorops dracoBl.) occupies the highest priority as NTFPs producers in Paru Village Forest which has the greatest variety of benefits, which were used for medicine, handicrafts, dyes and resin producers.
Enhancement the added value of sengon wood waste pulp as bioenergy raw material for bioethanol production
Authors: Winarni I , Bardant TB , Hendra D
Published: February 2020

Lignocellulosic are renewable and abundant, and estimate to be produced in10-50 billion tons/year as dry matter. Cellulose component in lignocelluloses can be converted into glucose as a feedstock for ethanol fermentation. This paper contains of research results of sengon waste pulp convertion became glucose and ethanol by enzymatic hydrolysis and the purpose of this study was to obtain information on the optimum conditions of treatment to produce high ethanol content of sengon waste pulp using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method and high loading substrate. Response surface methodology based on a three level, three variable Central Composite Rotable Design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the interactive effect of Tween 20 concentration (0-2%), cellulase concentration (10-15 FPU/g substrate-dw) and substrate loading (20-35% dw). The results showed the highest ethanol content (15.2%) with addition 35% of substrate; 15 FPU/g substrate of enzyme and 1% Tween 20 with equations : Y = -66, 551 + 0.491X1 + 10.794 X2 – 0.025 X12 - 0.472 X22 - 1, 549 X32 + 0.065 X1X2 + 0.234 X1X3 – 0.086 X2X3. So that the use of the RSM method can know quickly which combination of treatments can produce high ethanol levels through the resulting equation. Distinctive dosages of each variable within these ranges need to be matched to each other according to resulted mathematical formula from RSM to give optimum condition points. Several optimum condition points had been validated and ethanol concentration higher than 18%v in the fermentation broth had been achieved with acuration of equation (R2 ) 0.97.
Carboxylated-cellulose nanofibers from oil palm empty fruit bunches enhanced extractive fermentation in microbial biobutanol production
Authors: Hastuti N , Darmayanti R F , Hardiningtyas S D , Kanomata K , Sonomoto K , Goto M , Kitaoka T
Published: February 2020

Nanocellulose produced by 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-catalyzed oxidation, described as TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs), has a high density of negative charges on its surface. Its use in microbial fermentation systems is expected to be beneficial. In particular, microbial stability is required in acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation. Here, TOCNs derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches pulp were added to extractive ABE fermentation media, followed by microbial fermentation. The results showed that the presence of TOCNs induced higher total butanol production in broth by improving the growth environment ofClostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicumN1-4, which was used as the butanol-producing strain. Electrostatic repulsion between anionic surface carboxylate groups of TOCNs and negatively-charged bacteria made a positive contribution to the microenvironment for bacterial growth. The addition of TOCNs to fermentation media had significant positive effects on the total butanol yield density cell weight (DCW).
Age-related hearing loss and provider-patient communication across primary and secondary care settings: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Smith Simon , Manan Nur Syifa Ilyani Abd , Toner Shannon , Al Refaie Amr , Müller Nicole , Henn Patrick , O’Tuathaigh Colm M P
Published: February 2020

Background

The prevalence of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) increases with age. Older adults are amongst the most dependent users of healthcare and most vulnerable to medical error. This study examined health professionals’ strategies, as well as level of formal training completed, for communication with older adults with ARHL, and their views on the contribution of ARHL to suboptimal quality of patient care.

Methods

A 17-item questionnaire was distributed to a sample of Irish primary care physicians, as well as hospital-based clinicians providing inpatient palliative care and geriatric services.

Results

A total of 172 primary care physicians and 100 secondary care providers completed the questionnaire. A total of 154 (90%) primary and 97 (97%) secondary care providers agreed that ARHL had a negative impact on quality of care. Across both settings, 10% of respondents reported that communication issues contributed to multiple medication error events each year. Although only 3.5% of secondary care providers and 13% of primary care physicians attended formal training on communication with hearing-impaired patients, 66.5% of respondents were confident in their capacity to communicate with these patients. Primary care physicians reported that they either never used assistive hearing technology (44%) or were unfamiliar with this technology (49%).

Conclusions

Primary and secondary care health providers reported that ARHL reduces patient care quality and may initiate errors leading to patient harm. Formal training addressing the communication needs of ARHL patients appears to be underdeveloped, and there is a limited familiarity with assistive hearing technology. This is both an error in health professional training and healthcare services.
The puzzle of virtual theft
Authors: Wildman Nathan , McDonnell Neil
Published: February 2020

How can you steal something that doesn’t exist? This question confronts those of us who (i) take an irrealist view of virtual objects and (ii) agree with the Supreme Court of the Netherlands that robbery took place when two boys used non-virtual violence to coerce a third boy into relinquishing his virtual amulet and mask. Here we outline this Puzzle of Virtual Theft, along with the closely related Puzzle of Virtual Value. After demonstrating how these puzzles are deeply problematic for the irrealist, we go on to sketch a solution that not only circumscribes the puzzles but also offers a framework by which legal scholars can make sense within existing legal codes of the new phenomenon of virtual theft.
Different from tracheophytes, liverworts commonly have mixed 35S and 5S arrays
Authors: Sousa Aretuza , Bechteler Julia , Temsch Eva M , Renner Susanne S
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims

Unlike other nuclear genes in eukaryotes, rDNA genes (5S and 35S loci) are present in numerous copies per cell and, when stained, can therefore provide basic information about genome organization. In tracheophytes (vascular plants), they are usually located on separate chromosomes, the so-called S-type organization. An analysis of 1791 species of land plants suggested that S-type arrays might be ancestral in land plants, while linked (L-type) organization may be derived. However, no outgroup and only a handful of ferns and bryophytes were included.

Methods

We analysed genome sizes and the distribution of telomere, 5S and 35S rDNA FISH signals in up to 12 monoicous or dioicous species of liverworts from throughout a phylogeny that includes 287 of the 386 currently recognized genera. We also used the phylogeny to plot chromosome numbers and the occurrence of visibly distinct sex chromosomes.

Key Results

Chromosome numbers are newly reported for the monoicous Lejeunea cavifolia and for females of the dioicous Scapania aequiloba. We detected sex-related differences in the number of rDNA signals in the dioicous Plagiochila asplenioides and Frullania dilatata. In the latter, the presence of two UU chromosomes in females and additional 5S-35S rDNA loci result in a haploid genome 0.2082 pg larger than the male genome; sex-specific genome differences in the other dioicous species were small. Four species have S-type rDNA, while five species have mixed L-S rDNA organization, and transitions may have occurred multiple times, as suggested by rDNA loci not being conserved among closely related species of Pellia. All species shared an Arabidopsis-like telomere motif, and its detection allowed verification of the chromosome number of Radula complanata and chromosome rearrangements in Aneura pinguis and P. asplenioides, the latter also showing sex-specific interstitial telomere repeats.

Conclusions

The S and L rDNA arrangements appear to have evolved repeatedly within liverworts, even in the same species. Evidence for differential accumulation of rDNA between the sexes so far is limited.
Kinematic integration during prey capture varies among individuals but not ecological contexts in bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus (Perciformes: Centrarchidae)
Authors: Kane Emily A , Higham Timothy E
Published: February 2020

The general ability of components of an organism to work together to achieve a common goal has been termed integration and is often studied empirically by deconstructing organisms into component parts and quantifying covariation between them. Kinematic traits describing movement are useful for allowing organisms to respond to ecological contexts that vary over short time spans (milliseconds, minutes, etc.). Integration of these traits can contribute to the maintenance of the function of the whole organism, but it is unclear how modulation of component kinematic traits affects their integration. We examined the integration of swimming and feeding during capture of alternative prey types in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Despite the expected modulation of kinematics, integration within individuals was inflexible across prey types, suggesting functional redundancy for solving a broad constraint. However, integration was variable among individuals, suggesting that individuals vary in their solutions for achieving whole-organism function and that this solution acts as a ‘top-down’ regulator of component traits, which provides insight into why kinematic variation is observed. Additionally, variation in kinematic integration among individuals could serve as an understudied target of environmental selection on prey capture, which is a necessary first step towards the observed divergence in integration among populations and species.
Lessons learned from comparing spatially explicit models and the Partners in Flight approach to estimate population sizes of boreal birds in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Sólymos Péter , Toms Judith D , Matsuoka Steven M , Cumming Steven G , Barker Nicole K S , Thogmartin Wayne E , Stralberg Diana , Crosby Andrew D , Dénes Francisco V , Haché Samuel , Mahon C Lisa , Schmiegelow Fiona K A , Bayne Erin M
Published: February 2020

Estimating the population abundance of landbirds is a challenging task complicated by the amount, type, and quality of available data. Avian conservationists have relied on population estimates from Partners in Flight (PIF), which primarily uses roadside data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). However, the BBS was not designed to estimate population sizes. Therefore, we set out to compare the PIF approach with spatially explicit models incorporating roadside and off-road point-count surveys. We calculated population estimates for 81 landbird species in Bird Conservation Region 6 in Alberta, Canada, using land cover and climate as predictors. We also developed a framework to evaluate how the differences between the detection distance, time-of-day, roadside count, and habitat representation adjustments explain discrepancies between the 2 estimators. We showed that the key assumptions of the PIF population estimator were commonly violated in this region, and that the 2 approaches provided different population estimates for most species. The average differences between estimators were explained by differences in the detection-distance and time-of-day components, but these adjustments left much unexplained variation among species. Differences in the roadside count and habitat representation components explained most of the among-species variation. The variation caused by these factors was large enough to change the population ranking of the species. The roadside count bias needs serious attention when roadside surveys are used to extrapolate over off-road areas. Habitat representation bias is likely prevalent in regions sparsely and non-representatively sampled by roadside surveys, such as the boreal region of North America, and thus population estimates for these regions need to be treated with caution for certain species. Additional sampling and integrated modeling of available data sources can contribute towards more accurate population estimates for conservation in remote areas of North America.
Prevalence and electrophysiological phenotype of rare SCN5A genetic variants identified in unexplained sudden cardiac arrest survivors
Authors: Giudicessi John R , Ye Dan , Stutzman Marissa J , Zhou Wei , Tester David J , Ackerman Michael J
Published: February 2020

Aims

To determine the prevalence and in vitro electrophysiological (EP) phenotype of ultra-rare SCN5A variants of uncertain significance (VUS) identified in unexplained sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) survivors.

Methods and results

Retrospective review of 73 unexplained SCA survivors was used to identify all patients that underwent a form of genetic testing that included comprehensive SCN5A analysis. Ultra-rare SCN5A variants (minor allele frequency < 0.005) were adjudicated according to the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Variants designated as VUS were expressed heterologously and characterized using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Overall, 60/73 (82%; the average age at SCA 28 ± 12 years) unexplained SCA survivors had received SCN5A genetic testing. Of these, 5/60 (8.3%) had an ultra-rare SCN5A variant. All SCN5A variants were classified as VUS. Whereas the single SCN5A VUS (p.Asp872Asn-SCN5A) identified in an unexplained SCA survivor with PR interval prolongation and inferior early repolarization conferred a loss-of-function phenotype (46.2% reduction in peak current density; 16 ms slower recovery from inactivation), the four other SCN5A VUS (p.Glu30Gly-SCN5A, p.Gln245Lys-SCN5A, p.Pro648Leu-SCN5A, and p.Glu1240Gln-SCN5A) identified in unexplained SCA survivors without early repolarization/conduction delay were indistinguishable from wild-type Nav1.5 channels.

Conclusion

In the absence of a phenotype(s) potentially attributable to sodium channel dysfunction, all SCN5A VUS identified in unexplained SCA survivors conferred a wild-type EP phenotype in vitro. As the background rate of SCN5A genetic variation is not trivial, great care must be taken to avoid prioritizing genotype over phenotype when attempting to ascertain the root cause of an individual's SCA.
Dietary Patterns, Ultra-processed Food, and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort
Authors: Vasseur Pauline , Dugelay Emmanuelle , Benamouzig Robert , Savoye Guillaume , Lan Annaïg , Srour Bernard , Hercberg Serge , Touvier Mathilde , Hugot Jean-Pierre , Julia Chantal , Buscail Camille
Published: February 2020

Background

The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) tended to increase for several decades. Diet is suspected to be a major determinant of the occurrence of these diseases. This prospective study aimed to assess the associations among occurrence of IBD, dietary patterns, and ultra-processed food in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort.

Methods

Participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort who completed at least three 24-hour dietary records were included. Incident IBD cases were identified from 3 questionnaires and confirmed by phone or email interview. Major dietary patterns (DPs) were computed using a principal component analysis (PCA) based on 29 food groups’ consumption, whereas proportions of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) were obtained using the NOVA classification. Multivariable Poisson models were performed to evaluate associations among DP quintiles, UPF proportion (UPFp) in the diet, and incident IBD.

Results

A total of 105,832 participants were included, contributing 238,924 person-years in a mean follow-up of 2.3 ± 2.2 years. Among them, 75 participants reported an incident IBD. Three major DPs were retained: “healthy,” “traditional,” and “western.” No significant association was found for DPs and UPFp after adjustments for covariates.

Conclusions

In this study, neither DPs nor UPF proportion in the diet were significantly associated with the risk of incident IBD after adjustments for covariates. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term association between diet and IBD.
A randomized trial comparing the effects of sternal band and plate fixation of the sternum with that of figure-of-8 wires on sternal edge motion and quality of recovery after cardiac surgery
Authors: Royse Alistair G , El-Ansary Doa , Hoang William , Lui Elaine , McCusker Mark , Tivendale Lynda , Yang Yang , Canty David J , Royse Colin F
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES

We sought to compare the effects of conventional wire cerclage with that of the band and plate fixation of the sternum.

METHODS

A parallel randomized open-label trial with 1:1 allocation ratio compared healing after adult cardiac surgery using ‘figure-of-8’ stainless steel wire cerclage or a band and plate system (plates). The primary end point was maximal sternal edge displacement during active coughing of ≥2 mm in ≥2 of 4 sites measured with ultrasound by 2 assessors blinded to the other at 6 weeks postoperatively. Secondary end points at 12 weeks included ultrasound assessment, computed tomography (CT) scan and multidimensional assessment of quality of recovery using the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale.

RESULTS

Of 50 patients, 26 received plates and 24 wires. Two patients died and 1 withdrew consent leaving 25 plates and 22 wires for primary end point analysis. Operations included 37 coronary, 5 valve and 8 combined coronary and valve procedures. At 6 weeks, less sternal movement was observed in patients with plates than those with wires, 4% (1/25) vs 32% (7/22), P = 0.018. Agreement between observers was high, kappa = 0.850. At 12 weeks, less ultrasound motion was seen in patients with plates, 0% (0/23) than those with wires, 25% (5/20), P = 0.014. Recovery from pain was higher for patients with plates 92% (22/24) than those with wires 67% (14/21), P = 0.004. CT bone edge separation was less for plates 38% (9/24) than wires 71% (15/21), P = 0.036. CT mild bone synthesis or greater was similar between patients with plates 21% (5/24) and wires 14% (3/21), P = 0.71.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients receiving the band and plate system had significantly less sternal edge motion than those receiving wires, 6 and 12 weeks after cardiac surgery and experienced less pain.

Clinical trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov NCT03282578.
Association of Viral Load With Disease Severity in Outpatient Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Uusitupa Erika , Waris Matti , Heikkinen Terho
Published: February 2020

Background

There are scarce data on whether viral load affects the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in outpatient children.

Methods

We analyzed the association between viral load and disease severity among children who participated in a prospective cohort study of respiratory infections. The children were examined and nasal swabs for the detection of RSV were obtained during each respiratory illness. Quantification of RSV load was based on the cycle threshold (Ct) value. For the primary analysis, the children were divided into 2 groups: higher (Ct < 27) and lower viral load (Ct ≥ 27).

Results

Among 201 episodes of RSV infection, children with higher viral load had significantly longer median durations of rhinitis (8 vs 6 days; P = .0008), cough (8 vs 6 days; P = .034), fever (2 vs 1 days; P = .018), and any symptom (10 vs 8 days; P = .024) than those with lower viral load. There were statistically significant negative correlations between the Ct values and durations of all measured symptoms.

Conclusions

Our findings support the concept that viral load drives the severity of RSV disease in children. Reducing the viral load by RSV antivirals might provide substantial benefits to outpatient children.
Macroprolactinemia Detection by Magnetically Assisted Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation: Potential for Automation
Authors: Smith Thomas , Stern Eric , Tan Enqing , Vacic Aleksandar , Fahie-Wilson Michael
Published: February 2020

Background

Macroprolactin is an immunoglobulin-prolactin complex that is not bioactive in vivo but the prolactin component remains immunoreactive. The complex is a universal source of interference in prolactin immunoassays and commonly results in misdiagnosis of hyperprolactinemia with consequent clinical mismanagement of patients. Removal of macroprolactin by precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an effective technique for identifying such patients but unfortunately not universally employed due to the manual nature of the procedure.

Methods

We developed a modified PEG precipitation technique using magnetic nanoparticles that we termed Magnetically Assisted PEG Precipitation (MAPP). This procedure was verified against an established PEG precipitation procedure.

Results

The MAPP procedure we developed was robust, reproducible, and affords the potential for automation of macroprolactin screening in clinical laboratories. Comparisons of prolactin levels obtained following MAPP in sera from patients with either true hyperprolactinemia or macroprolactinemia generated results comparable to that of conventional PEG precipitation.

Conclusions

The MAPP technique yields results comparable to those of traditional PEG precipitation. Elimination of the need for centrifugation affords the possibility of automation and hence more widespread adoption of routine PEG screening by clinical laboratories.
Comparison of Paired-Ion Liquid Chromatographic Method with AOAC Fluorometric and Microbiological Methods for Riboflavin Determination in Selected Foods
Authors: Reyes Erlinda S P , Norris Kathleen M , Taylor Cheryl , Potts Donald
Published: February 2020

A paired-ion liquid chromatographic (LC) technique coupled with fluorometric detection to determine riboflavin in various food matrices is described. Chromatograms of many foods showed 2 peaks of interest due to presence of riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Relatively high levels of FMN were found in raw beef, corned beef, chicken liver, and canned mushrooms. When riboflavin and FMN contents were summed, LC values were comparable to those obtained by the AOAC standard procedures. The LC technique was sensitive, rapid, and simple, yielding a mean standard deviation of 3.1% which was comparable to the AOAC fluorometric method (3.0%) and better than the AOAC microbiological assay (9.6%). Mean spike recoveries were 91.8% for LC compared to 90.5% and 89.6% for the AOAC fluorometric and microbiological methods, respectively.
Stability-Indicating Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Alpha-Ionone in Toothpaste
Authors: Trivedi Ramesh J
Published: February 2020

A simple, sensitive, and rapid liquid chromatographic method for quantitating α-ionone in toothpaste at levels of 20 ppm in the presence of large amounts of flavor has been developed. The method is accurate, precise, cost-effective, and specific for α-ionone. Average recovery of a laboratory-prepared sample was 99.0% with the relative standard deviation was 1.29% (n = 6).
Sampling and Preparation of Sample for Chemical Examination
Authors: Horwitz William
Published: February 2020

Sampling and methods for reducing a laboratory sample to a test sample are discussed, with particular emphasis on sampling peanuts for aflatoxin analysis as a practical example. The only way to control the total error in the analysis of this heterogeneous product is to take and to analyze many and large samples.
Potentials of a Synchronized Culture of Tetrahymena pyriformis for Toxicity Studies of
Mycotoxins
Authors: Bijl Jan P , Rousseau Dominique M , Dive Daniel G , Van Peteghem Carlos H
Published: February 2020

A synchronized culture of Tetrahymena pyriformis is proposed for toxicity testing of mycotoxins. Toxicity is evidenced through a delay in the division of the synchronized culture. Newly developed equipment for the synchronization consists of a double-walled culture flask built in an alternating water circuit at 28°C (optimum) and 34°C (sublethal), respectively, controlled by a time switch. The cultures are used for the detection of 16 mycotoxins for which the detection threshold is given. Synchronous cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis appear to be very suitable for the detection of tr ichothecenes. Preliminary experiments on artificially contaminated corn samples demonstrate the possibility of prescreening of cereals,
Determination of Tri-w-Butyltin and Di-/i-Butyltin Compounds in Fish by Gas Chromatography with Flame Photometric Detection
Authors: Sasaki Kumiko , Ishizaka Takashi , Suzuki Takashi , Saito Yukio
Published: February 2020

An analytical method is described for the simultaneous quantitative determination of tri-n-butyltin and di-n-butyltin compounds in fish. The sample was extracted with 0.5N HCl-methanol, and the methanol solution was extracted with hexane. The extract was purified by gel permeation chromatography and treated with Grignard reagent to yield the methyl derivatives, which were determined by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection operated in the tin mode (610 nm). Recoveries of tri-n-butyltin chloride (Bu3SnCl) and di-n-butyltin dichloride (Bu2SnCl2) spiked to fish at the levels of 0.2 and 1.0 ppm ranged from 80 to 105%. Detection limits were 0.02 μg/g for both compounds. Tri-n-butyltin compounds equivalent to Bu3SnCl levels of 0.07-2.0 ppm and di-n-butyltin compounds equivalent to Bu2SnCl2 levels of 0.02-0.11 ppm were found in reared yellowtails, and these values showed good agreement with the results from gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry analysis.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Tablets
Authors: Fatmi Aqeel A , Williams Gregory V , Hickson Elizabeth A
Published: February 2020

A reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method is described for the assay of medroxyprogesterone acetate in tablets. An octadecylsilane (C18) column with a mobile phase of methanol-O.OlM dibasic ammonium phosphate (80 + 20 v/v, pH 7.2 ± 0.1) and photometric detection at 254 nm separates medroxyprogesterone acetate from excipients. Detector responses were linear to concentrations of medroxyprogesterone acetate over the range 50-150 μg/mL (r = 0.999). Mean recovery of medroxyprogesterone acetate added to tablet excipients was 100.8%. Mean assay results were 101.3% (n = 3). The assay results are comparable to those obtained by the compendial liquid chromatographic method
Determination of Moisture in Cheddar Cheese by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Wehling Randy L , Pierce Michelle M
Published: February 2020

Near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was used to determine the moisture content of Cheddar cheese. Through multiple linear regression analysis, a 3-wavelength calibration was developed for use with a commercial filter monochromator instrument. For a validation set of 47 samples, the correlation coefficient squared (r2) between the NIR and oven moisture methods was 0.92, with a standard error of performance (SEP) of 0.38%. Sample temperature was found to significantly affect the spectral response; therefore, it was necessary to equilibrate all samples to a uniform temperature prior to NIR analysis. Aging may also affect the NIR characteristics of cheese, although it was possible to develop a successful calibration that encompassed a wide range of aging times
Continuous Interlaboratory Test Program for Monitoring the Quality of Analytical Results in
Butter
Authors: Werdmuller Geziena A , Boelsma S
Published: February 2020

For almost 25 years, the central government laboratory of The Netherlands has administered a continuous program for the quality control of dairy products. The analytical work is conducted by private laboratories but monitored by the government laboratory. The design and results obtained by this program are illustrated by the determination of water and milk solids-not-fat contents in butter, using data collected monthly over a period of 19 years. Under this strict system of control, the within-laboratory reproducibility (i.e., over an extended period) is almost equal to the between-laboratory reproducibility. Most of this within-laboratory variation is from month to month, indicating that in this case the time variability dominates the between-laboratory variability
Determination of Sulfur Amino Acids and Tryptophan in Foods and Food and Feed
Ingredients: Collaborative Study
Authors: Allred Maryann C , Macdonald John L
Published: February 2020

Samples of 4 foods, 1 animal feed, isolated soy protein, and 0-lao toglobulin were analyzed by 9 laboratories to determine concentrations of cysteine as cysteic acid, methionine as methionine sulfone, and tryptophan. Sulfur amino acids were determined by AOAC method 43.A08-43.A13 for food and feed ingredients, in which samples are oxidized with performic acid before protein hydrolysis with 6N HC1. Tryptophan was determined after protein hydrolysis with 4.2N NaOH. In both methods, free amino acids were separated by ionexchange or reverse-phase chromatography. Each laboratory was provided with detailed methods and with sealed vials containing solutions of standards. Samples were analyzed in duplicate, and variation between laboratories was determined. Coefficients of variation between laboratories for the 6 samples ranged from 5.50 to 11.8% for methionine as methionine sulfoxide, 8.59 to 17.3% for cysteine as cysteic acid, and 3.87 to 16.1% for tryptophan. Amino acid recoveries were determined by analysis of β-lactoglobulin and were based on expected levels of each amino acid obtained from amino acid sequence data. The mean recovery of cysteine was 97% with a range of 88-119%. For methionine, mean recovery was 98% (range 89-115%) and for tryptophan, 85% (range 59-102%). Method 43.A08- 43.A13 for food and feed ingredients has been adopted official first action for determination of cysteine and methionine in processed foods. The alkaline hydrolysis method has been adopted official first action for determination of tryptophan in foods and food and feed ingredients
Direct Plating Technique for Enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods
Authors: Golden David A , Beuchat Larry R , Brackett Robert E
Published: February 2020

The advantages and disadvantages of various techniques for detecting and enumerating Listeria monocytogenes in foods are reviewed, and results from a study designed to compare 14 direct plating media for their suitability to recover uninjured cells of L. monocytogenes from 4 foods are summarized. McBride Listeria agar (MLA), gum base nalidixic acid tryptone soy agar (GBNTSA), modified Despierres agar (MDA), and modified MLA (MMLA) performed best for recovering all inoculum populations from milk and ice cream mix. For Brie cheese, MLA, MDA, MMLA, and Dominguez Rodriguez isolation agar were superior for recovering L. monocytogenes; GBNTSA, MDA, MMLA, and Donnelly's Listeria enrichment agar were best for recovering the organism from cabbage. Direct plating procedures without prior enrichment can be utilized successfully for recovering L. monocytogenes from foods such as pasteurized milk and ice cream mix, which contain low populations of background microflora. However, recovery of L. monocytogenes from foods such as raw cabbage and Brie cheese, which contain high populations of other microorganisms, was not satisfactory using direct plating procedures
Flow Cytometry for Automated Analysis of Milk Containing Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Donnelly Catherine W , Baigent Gregory J , Briggs Elizabeth H
Published: February 2020

This paper describes the application of flow cytometry to the analysis of milk for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. A total of 939 raw milk samples from 54 farms were analyzed for the presence of L. monocytogenes by cold enrichment vs flow cytometry, which incorporated a selective enrichment step. Analyzed samples consisted of milk from individual farm bulk tanks; string samples which represented milk from 25 to 40 cows; and combination samples representing milk from 200 cows. Raw milk samples were directly enriched for 24 h at 37°C and analyzed by flow cytometry following fluorescence labeling of bacterial populations, or were cold enriched for 1 month at 4°C. Following cold enrichment, samples were streaked to McBride's Listeria agar, and suspect colonies were biochemically identified as L. monocytogenes. L. monocytogenes was isolated from only 15 of the analyzed samples, all of which were common to one farm. Results of flow cytometry analysis yielded a 5.86% false positive rate and a 0.53% false negative rate when compared with culture procedures