bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zabezpieczenie roszczeń w polskim prawie ochrony środowiska
Authors: Skorupińska Agnieszka
Published: December 2020

There is a special legal mechanism in Polish environmental law for covering possible future claims. The general idea behind this mechanism is to secure claims which might arise as a result of activities that may potentially negatively impact the environment. This article assesses whether the mechanism constitutes a homogeneous legal institution throughout Polish environmental law. To this end the author analyzes and compares the respective regulations contained in the various laws on the environment. Detailed analysis of the laws providing for the financial assurance mechanism reveals that the mechanism is not consistently regulated and that at least two main models exist, with variations occurring on specific points. Moreover, in many cases there is confusion on fundamental issues such as the kind of claims which are assured.
Rola uzasadnienia sądowego w realizacji prawa do rzetelnego procesu sądowoadministracyjnego– standard strasburski
Authors: Grzelak-Bach Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

Following a brief introduction of article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the author begins by analyzing case law from the European Court of Human Rights regarding the legal reasoning in judicial proceedings. The main premise of this paper is to present a formula for preparing legal reasoning in administrative court proceedings.

The author draws attention to the role of judges who, in the process of adjudication, should apply creative interpretation of the rules of law, when they see errors or omissions in legislative provisions, or blatant violations of the European legal order.

The conclusion of those deliberations finds, that the process of tailoring the approach to meet Strasbourg’s requirements should, on a basic level, be at the discretion of judges rather than the legislators.
Standardy należytego uzasadnienia w świetle orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego i Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka
Authors: Florjanowicz-Błachut Przemysław
Published: December 2020

The core function of the judiciary is the administration of justice through delivering judgments and other decisions. The crucial role for its acceptance and legitimization by not only lawyers, but also individulas (parties) and the hole society plays judicial reasoning. It should reflect on judge’s independence within the exercise of his office and show also judicial self-restraint or activism. The axiology and the standards of proper judicial reasoning are anchored both in constitutional and supranational law and case-law.

Polish Constitutional Tribunal derives a duty to give reasoning from the right to a fair trial – right to be heard and bring own submissions before the court (Article 45 § 1 of the Constitution), the right to appeal against judgments and decisions made at first stage (Article 78), the rule of two stages of the court proceedings (Article 176) and rule of law clause (Article 2), that comprises inter alia right to due process of law and the rule of legitimate expactation / the protection of trust (Vertrauensschutz).

European Court of Human Rights derives this duty to give reasons from the guarantees of the right to a fair trial enshrined in Article 6 § 1 of European Convention of Human Rights. In its case-law the ECtHR, taking into account the margin of appreciation concept, formulated a number of positive and negative requirements, that should be met in case of proper reasoning.

The obligation for courts to give sufficient reasons for their decisions is also anchored in European Union law. European Court of Justice derives this duty from the right to fair trial enshrined in Articles 6 and 13 of the ECHR and Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

Standards of the courts reasoning developed by Polish constitutional court an the European courts (ECJ and ECtHR) are in fact convergent and coherent. National judges should take them into consideration in every case, to legitimize its outcome and enhance justice delivery.
Brak obowiązku uzasadnienia i uzasadnienie skrócone a prawo do sądu
Authors: Rzucidło-Grochowska Iwona
Published: December 2020

The right to fair trial and access to the court is interpreted by European Court of Human Rights in a wide manner. Amongst these rulings, there are numerous judicial opinions, where ECHR addesses the problem of giving grounds for judicial decisions (not mention explicitly in the Convention). Out of that reason we may say that there is possible to notice special element of the general right to due process – right to obtain grounds for judicial decisions. This particular right has many aspects and – at least at the first glance – seems to impose the duty to prepare justifications without exceptions. In practice the situation is yet quite different. ECHR approves some limitations of this duty, that migh arise from different sources. In other words, shortened justifications and lack of the duty to justify may be, under some conditions, compliant with standards set forth by the Convention. The clou of this matter is proportionalization of the justifying process, as well as considering of arguments pro and contra fulfilling maximum standard. Sometimes it is therefore possible that guaranteeing the right to fair trial may be overcome by another values (like promptness of receiving a decision, better governance of judges‘ time and effort, etc.). Considering this issue in a wider perspective, we, hence, cannot try to maximalize one aspects of a standard because, if it may cause obstacles in meeting another elements slocated within it the other rights’ domain.
PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHING MATERIALS OF BUILDINGS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OF SEVASTOPOL OF POST-WAR CONSTRUCTION 40 - 50S OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Lyubomirskiy N. V. , Fedorkin S. I. , Bakhtin А. S. , Hmelnitsky A. L.
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the identification of materials and the study of the composition of mortars used in the decoration of the facades of residential buildings that are cultural heritage objects and identified cultural heritage objects to be restored according to a major renovation plan, st. Bolshaya Morskaya and pl. Lazarev in the city of Sevastopol.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF THE WATER QUALITY OF THE URAL RIVER IN THE AREA OF THE INORGANIZED BEACH OF THE ILEK VILLAGE, ORENBURG REGION
Authors: Bronsky V. A. , Solopova V. A. , Baitelova A. I.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of environmental monitoring of water and ice samples from the Ural River in the area of ​​the unorganized beach of the village of Ilek in cold and warm seasons, and analyzes the results. Priority pollutants were identified, and a ranking by pH and salinity of the water body was carried out. An integral assessment of the ecological state of the water body and a study of the water suitability index in this body were carried out. Various measures are proposed to preserve and ensure the required quality of surface waters of the Ural River in the study area.
Estudio de la herramienta VR Foren en población anciana con fractura de cadera y situación de pérdida de movilidad de más de tres meses de evolución: un diseño cuasi-experimental no aleatorizado
Authors: Ortín-Ramon Charo , Blázquez-Piñán Alicia , Cayón-Ariza María , García-Morato Guillermo , Antón-Sanz Miguel
Published: December 2020

Introducción: La fractura de cadera (FC) es una de las lesiones más comunes del mayor, más incapacitante y con mayor impacto en comorbilidad. La rehabilitación intensiva y precoz ha demostrado ser eficaz en variables motóricas, funcionales y cognitivas. En los últimos años se contempla el uso de nuevas tecnologías, incluyendo la realidad virtual (VR).

Objetivo: Conocer el impacto de la tecnología VR Foren en fuerza, reeducación y seguridad de la marcha en pacientes geriátricos con FC de más de tres meses de evolución que presentan incapacidad o déficit en la marcha.

Diseño: Estudio cuasi-experimental no aleatorizado.

Participantes: Muestra total de 8 pacientes. Se incluyeron residentes que hubiesen sufrido una FC y estuviesen dentro del periodo crónico y que presentaran en la actualidad una incapacidad para la marcha o una marcha inestable o insegura. Además no debían tener déficits cognitivos, déficits visuales no corregibles ni contraindicación para recibir electroestimulación.

Intervenciones: La duración total fue de 15 horas: 1 hora 3 veces por semana durante 5 semanas. Se realizó movilización activa para ganar amplitud articular, contracción muscular activa de la musculatura peritrocantérea, alivio del dolor y reeducación de la marcha. El grupo experimental (GE) realizó todas las técnicas empleando VR Foren sincronizado con electroestimulación. El grupo control (GC) realizó terapia convencional de fisioterapia, sin VR.

Variables principales: Se midieron aspectos pre-post intervención de valoración muscular funcional, cinemática y funcionalidad de la marcha.

Resultados: GE logró mejores resultados en fuerza en los grupos musculares de flexión dorsal de tobillo, IC 95% y p<0,05 y en cinemática de la marcha, IC 95% y p<0,05. VR Foren obtuvo un impacto en la rehabilitación de la fuerza, la funcionalidad y el patrón de marcha. Además, contó con una gran aceptación. Su aplicación en FC puede recomendarse en el tratamiento de la lesión, incluida la fase más aguda de la lesión (durante prescripción de descarga), con el fin de paliar posibles complicaciones de atrofia y control motor.
Life Cycle Cost versus Life Cycle Investment – A new Approach
Authors: Torres Farinha José , Nogueira Raposo Hugo , Galar Diego
Published: December 2020

The paper proposes a model for the life cycle of physical assets that includes the maintenance policy, because it has direct implications on the equipment’s Return On Investment (ROI) and Life Cycle Cost; the developed model can be applied to any type of physical asset. The model is called Life Cycle Investment (LCI) instead of the traditional Life Cycle Cost (LCC). The paper proposes a new methodology based on the modified economic life cycle and lifespan methods by including the maintenance policy using maintenance Key Performance Indicators (KPI), namely Availability, based on the Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) and the Mean Time To Repair (MTTR). The benefits (profits) that result from the asset’s Availability must be balanced with the initial investment and the variable maintenance investment along its life, which has relation with the maintenance policy and the ROI.
Una nueva filosofía de la comunicación: agenda-setting 2.0
Authors: Gherab Martin Karim
Published: December 2020

La filosofía de la comunicación del siglo XX aceptó, en términos generales, la teoría de la agenda-setting propuesta por McCombs y Shaw (1972). Esta teoría subrayaba la capacidad de los medios de comunicación de masas para configurar la comprensión que el gran público tiene de la realidad social (Wolf, 1987). Sin embargo, Internet y las redes sociales han cambiado radicalmente el panorama, puesto que los grandes medios de comunicación tradicionales van ahora a remolque de lo que es trending-topic en las redes. Este artículo señala la necesidad de desarrollar una nueva filosofía de la comunicación, adaptada a la existencia de un nuevo marco (frame) tecnológico y social, que redefina los patrones y los factores que configuran actualmente la agenda pública (agenda-setting 2.0).
Telemedicine technologies: prospects and limitations
Authors:   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kobyakova О.S. , Starodubov V.I. ,   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kadyrov F.N. ,   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kurakova N.G. ,   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Chililov A.M. ,   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

In the context of rapid technological progress, the outlines of the prospects for the development of telemedicine technologies are becoming more and more clear. At the same time, changes in the organizational, legal and economic spheres often do not keep up with technological changes. This was especially evident in the conditions of the spread of the COVID‑19 coronavirus. The article contains an analysis of the features of telemedicine technologies application in modern conditions, prospects and obstacles that arise in this area.
Information exchange system for the implementation of special social payments to medical workers associated with the treatment of Covid-19 coronavirus infection
Authors:   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kadyrov F.N. , Chililov A.M. ,   A. V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery
Published: December 2020

The government went to provide medical and other workers engaged in the treatment OF covid‑19 coronavirus infection with a fairly large set of benefits, guarantees and compensation. Among the key and most financially intensive of them were incentive payments, which were replaced with special social payments from November 1, 2020. At the same time, payments will now be made by the social insurance Fund. The implementation of such a scheme has caused the urgent need to create a complex system of information exchange, in which a large number of subjects participate, large amounts of information are verified and processed. This article analyzes the emerging system of information exchange, as well as identifying possible risks and threats.
Digital development and national security in the context of legal issues
Authors: І. М. Доронін
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzes Ukrainian state planning in the digital economy and society development, as well as legal issues arising in this sphere. The lack of consideration to the national security issues in process of state planning are highlighted. Terms “digitalization” and “informatization” are identical in social and legal science. Problematic areas of correlation between national security law and information law are identified.
Conceptual principles of legislative providing of informative security of Ukraine
Authors: О. Д. Довгань  , Т. Ю. Ткачук
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the conceptual principles of the legal providing of Ukraine's information security. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the model of the Law of Ukraine “On Information Security of Ukraine” is proposed and its main content parts are analyzed.
Effect of Monthly Variations on the Plasma Membrane, Acrosome and DNA Integrities of Spermatozoa in Friesian Holstein Bulls Born in Iraq
Authors: Aboud Qusay , Hatif Saad
Published: December 2020

This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of months of the year on the quality of semen in Holstein bulls. A study carried out at artificial insemination centre/ Abou-Ghareeb/ western of Baghdad. A total of 160 ejaculates were collected from 15 bulls born in Iraq via the artificial vagina. The age of the bulls ranged between 4 to 5 years and the study period were December to March and September. The semen samples were diluted with Tris base extender. The semen was packed in a straw according to the program of artificial insemination centre. Semen characteristics (plasma membrane, acrosome, and DNA integrities) were evaluated. The results revealed a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the plasma membrane and acrosome integrity in September as compared with December, January, February, and March. There was a significant decline (P≤0.05) in DNA integrity in September as compared with December, January, February, and March in fresh and frozen semen. In conclusion, the September month had a negative effect on the plasma membrane, acrosome, and DNA percentage in all bulls.
Detection of Multiscale Center Point Objects Based on Parallel Network
Authors: Chen Hao , Zheng Hong , Li Xiaolong
Published: December 2020

Anchor-based detectors are widely used in object detection. To improve the accuracy of object detection, multiple anchor boxes are intensively placed on the input image, yet. Most of which are invalid. Although the anchor-free method can reduce the number of useless anchor boxes, the invalid ones still occupy a high proportion. On this basis, this paper proposes a multi-scale center point object detection method based on parallel network to further reduce the number of useless anchor boxes. This study adopts the parallel network architecture of hourglass-104 and darknet-53 of which the first one outputs heatmaps to generate the center point for object feature location on the output attribute feature map of darknet-53. Combining feature pyramid and CIOU loss function this algorithm is trained and tested on MSCOCO dataset, increasing the detection rate of target location and the accuracy rate of small object detection. Though resembling the state-of-the-art two-stage detectors in overall object detection accuracy speed.
Desafío Diagnóstico
Authors: Cotes Maricela O.
Published: December 2020

Recién nacido masculino, de 37 semanas de gestación, tercer producto, de madre de 27 años, G3P2, que nace vía vaginal, sin complicaciones. Al examen físico llama la atención la presencia de opacidad corneal bilateral, el resto del examen físico es normal. Estudios de laboratorios, ultrasonido cerebral y abdominal, asícomo ecocardiograma normales.
¿Cuál sería su diagnóstico?:
a. Anomalía de Petersb. Esclerocórneac. Rubéola Congénitad. Toxoplasmosis congénita
Construction of computer multiphysics models of electromagnetic relays for predicting their operational reliability
Authors: Gladkikh S. A. , Lankin A. M. , Yanvarev S. G.
Published: December 2020

Рассмотрено построение компьютерной мультифизической модели электромагнита в составе электромагнитных реле. Благодаря моделированию, а также методу натурно-модельного эксперимента, производится сбор данных для анализа эксплуатационных характеристик электромагнита и прогнозирования его эксплуатационной надежности. На основе этих данных строится регрессионная математическая модель, включающая перевод данных в меньшую размерность методом главных компонент. Полученная регрессионная модель предназначена для подбора составных частей электромагнита с целью улучшения эксплуатационных характеристик готового изделия, уменьшения брака и увеличения срока эксплуатации.
Data fusion model of technical condition multiparameter monitoring
Authors: Petrina O. B. , Aleksandrovich M. S. , Zhorzhevich K. D.
Published: December 2020

Разрабатывается модель хранения пространственно-временных событий и представления технического состояния объекта мониторинга для дальнейшего использования при прогнозной аналитике технического обслуживания на основе графовой СУБД — Neo4j.
Stabilization of first integrals in optimal control problem
Authors: Kaspirovich K. Z.
Published: December 2020

Работа посвящена исследованию влияния управляющих воздействий на характер движения и маневрирования космических аппаратов, в результате чего летательные установки могут достигать заданной оптимальной траектории
A stochastic model of information channels with random loads and random intensities: the pseudo-Poisson type random processes approach
Authors: Rusakov O. V. , Yakubovich Y. V. , Laskin M. B.
Published: December 2020

Построена стохастическая модель информационного канала со случайной интенсивностью и случайной нагрузкой. Мы исследуем модель информационного потока, где происходит проекция части информации «прошлого» на «настоящее», а часть информации исчезает. Момент «настоящего» дополняется инновациями, которые представляются в виде замещений исчезнувшей информации. Для нормированных сумм независимых одинаково распределенных информационных каналов мы получаем ряд предельных теорем. Класс предельных процессов представляет собой различные обобщения процесса Орнштейна-Уленбека. При определенном распределении случайной интенсивности в качестве предельного процесса мы также получаем дробное броуновское движение с полным диапазоном значений показателя Харста.
Use of machine learning methods to solve multiparameter inverse problems
Authors: Dolenko S. A.
Published: December 2020

Обратные задачи (ОЗ) — один из широко известных типов задач обработки данных, возникающий при косвенных измерениях, когда возникает необходимость восстановления интересующих исследователя параметров объекта по измеренным в эксперименте наблюдаемым величинам. К сожалению, ОЗ часто характеризуются существенной нелинейностью, плохой обусловленностью или некорректностью, высокой размерностью как по входу, так и по выходу, высоким уровнем шумов в данных. Все эти факторы дополнительно осложняют решение. В этой ситуации эффективным подходом к решению ОЗ оказывается использование методов машинного обучения (МО) (искусственные нейронные сети; методы, основанные на деревьях решений; метод группового учёта аргументов; линейная регрессия в нелинейном базисе и другие). В работе рассматриваются два основных подхода к решению ОЗ методами МО — от модели и от эксперимента, а также промежуточный квазимодельный подход; обсуждаются области их применения, достоинства и недостатки. Рассматриваются также некоторые специальные приёмы, позволяющие эффективно бороться с негативными свойствами ОЗ — понижение размерности входных данных; групповое и поэтапное определение параметров; добавление шума к данным в процессе обучения; комплексирование физических методов, комплексирование методов МО и комплексирование данных. Рассмотрение ведется на примере ОЗ из области оптической спектроскопии и из области разведочной геофизики.
Modeling electro-magneto-hydrodynamic of blood flow in multi-stenosed artery using fractional deivatives without singular kernel
Authors: Dzuliana F. J. , Salah Uddin , Rozaini Roslan , Mohd Kamalrulzaman Md Akhir
Published: December 2020

Stenosis is one of the most common problems in blood flow through arteries. Stenosis means narrowing arteries. Among the various cardiovascular diseases, stenosis is a major one that affects blood flow in the arteries and becomes the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, several studies were conducted either experimentally or mathematically to understand stenosis effects on blood flow through arteries. This study investigates the Newtonian fluid’s electro-magneto-hydrodynamic flow mixed with uniformly distributed magnetic particles through a multi-stenosed artery. The fluid is acted by an arbitrary timedependent pressure gradient, external electric and magnetic fields, and the porous medium. The governing equations are considered as fractional partial differential equations based on the Caputo–Fabrizio time-fractional derivatives without singular kernel. The fractional model of blood flow in the multi-stenosed artery will be presented subject to several external factors. These include the severity of the stenosis and the magnetic particles with the presence of an electromagnetic field. The steady and unsteady parts of the pressure gradient that give rise to the systolic and diastolic pressures are considered as the pumping action of the heart, which in turn produces a pressure gradient throughout the human circulatory system. The fractionaloperator’s effect and pertinent system parameters on blood flow axial velocities are presented and discussed for future works.
Training complex of group remote for operators of various types of robotic objects in an underwater environment
Authors: Abrosimov V. K. , Mochalkin A. N. , Panteley Ekaterina
Published: December 2020

Был разработан «Скат» — обучающий комплекс групповой дистанционной работы Операторов необитаемых телеуправляемых подводных аппаратов, обслуживающих подводные гидротехнические сооружения, такие как нефтедобычные комплексы, морские порты и гидроэлектростанции. Комплекс имитирует реалистичную сложную обстановку процессов проведения различных поисковых, обследовательских и функциональных работ под водой, в прибрежных внутренних, морских и океанских, обеспечивающую интерактивное взаимодействие Инструктора с обучаемым Оператором и отработку групповых действий разнотипных роботизированных телеуправляемых объектов под водой.
Analysis of promising methods of coding and manipulation of a group telemetry signal in modern on-board video control systems
Authors: Kirillov S. N. , Pisaka P. S. , Aleksenko S. O.
Published: December 2020

Рассматриваются вопросы анализа перспективных методов кодирования и манипуляции группового телеметрического сигнала в современных бортовых системах видеоконтроля, устанавливаемых на сложных технических объектах. Целью работы является оценка эффективности бортовых систем видеоконтроля на основе анализа перспективных методов кодирования и манипуляции группового телеметрического сигнала. Проведено сравнение современных бортовых систем видеоконтроля по критериям вероятности битовой ошибки, значения ширины полосы Найквиста и обеспечения энергетической эффективности.
ParticlesNN: on-line service for nanoparticles recognition on scanning microscopy images by using neural network Cascade Mask-RCNN
Authors: Okunev A. G. , Mashukov M. Yu , Nartova A. V. , Matveev A. V.
Published: December 2020

Онлайн-cервис ParticlesNN создан на основе нейронной сети CascadeRCNN, обученной на изображениях наночастиц, полученных с помощью метода сканирующей туннельной микроскопии. Обученная нейронная сеть способна распознавать наночастицы как четкие контуры. Онлайн-cервис производит обработку полученных результатов, определяя размеры контуров, их статистические параметры — степень покрытия, концентрацию, средний размер, распределение частиц по размерам.
Towards A Vision-Based Forward Collision Warning System
Authors: Saleh S. M. , Saleh H. M. , Toure N. T. , Hardt Wolfram
Published: December 2020

The annual number of road deaths is still increasing, especially in less developed and developing countries. Road accidents are the 5th cause of death and the leading reason for death among young people between 5 and 29 years of age in 2030. In this study, a robust solution is implemented by integrating object recognition with distance estimation to maximize driving safety. The proposed system will be able to detect common objects within the region of interest on the road and estimate how far these objects are from the camera position. The system will trigger an alarm to attract the driver’s attention in real time when the distance to one of the detected objects is less than a predefined threshold value. In this work YOLO (You Only Look Once) approach is used to detect the objects in real time and the properties of the depth map based on deep learning is applied to estimate the distance at a given point
Automated search and analysis of rhythmic characteristics of prose of the 19th and 21st centuries
Authors: Boychuk E. I. , Lagutina K. V. , Lagutina N. S.
Published: December 2020

Построен алгоритм поиска и статистического анализа ритмических средств в тексте. Выявлены характеристики по векам с 19 до 21 вв. Определена частотность и специфика употребления средств для каждой эпохи.
Innovative Technologies in the Health-Resort Treatment of Patients with Dorsopathy
Authors: Nuvakhova M.B.
Published: December 2020

Taking into account the many causes of diseases associated with dorsopathy, it is substantial to introduce new innovative technologies into the practice of health resort treatment on the basis of the modern concept of individual (personalized) complex therapy.In this article priorities in modern information medical technologies are considered. Examples of various applications of innovative technologies and comprehensive programs of rehabilitation therapy in the case of health-resort treatment of patients with pain syndromes caused by dorsopathy are demonstrated. Restorative physiotherapeutic treatment process, including dorsopathy treatment,should be accentuated from predominantly pathogenetic to etiotropic therapy, taking into account the characteristics of the patient’smetabolism. Corresponding integral innovative projects should be based on the methods of adaptive immunotherapy, psychotherapy and on the reconstruction of a favorable environment for the physical and mental well-being of a person. The modern paradigm inhealth resort treatment does not means to bringing the patient to the initial quasi-stable state of health, but in restoring health in healthy people. That is the aim of modern innovative technologies in health-resort treatment.
Low-Intensity Laser Therapy in Clinical Practice (Part 1)
Authors: Poddubnaya O.A.
Published: December 2020

Low-intensity laser radiation is widely used in experimental and clinical medicine. The effectiveness of laser therapy is determined by the level of professionalism of specialists. That is why knowledge of the theoretical foundations of laser therapy is mandatory for practicing physiotherapists. The distinctive features of laser radiation (monochromaticity, coherence, polarization, etc.) justify the need for strict compliance with the rules and safety regulations during laser therapy procedures. It is important to study the main physical parameters of low-intensity laser radiation, such as: wavelength, output power of devices, generation mode, as well as parameters of laser therapy dosing in the form of power flux density, energy density, radiation frequency, pulse power and duration of exposure. In addition, an important point is such a feature of laser radiation as the presence of optical effects (reflection, refraction, scattering and absorption), ignoring which can increase energy losses, which, in turn, reduces the therapeutic effect the effect of laser therapy. Toreduce energy losses, it is recommended to use special methodological approaches that are selected depending on the irradiation method. The characteristics of the therapeutic effect of laser therapy depend on the indicators of all these parameters. Therefore, onlywith the correct dosage, you can count on good tolerability of procedures and getting the necessary effect. All of the above allows specialists to use this knowledge in clinical practice, which provides a high therapeutic effect.
Analysis of the Existing Treatment Methods of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Adult Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis (Literature Review)
Authors: Eremushkin M.A. , Otvetchikova D.I. , Otvetchikov I.N. , Kolyshenkov V.A.
Published: December 2020

Need for optimal treatment approaches for adult patients with mucopolysaccharidosis is an urgent problem today. This happened dueto the fact that previously patients with MS rarely lived to adulthood and were observed mainly by pediatricians. But with the evolution of medical technologies and the emergence of modern methods of treatment and rehabilitation of such patients, the number of adult patients with MS is increasing. Clinicians have more and more questions in choosing a strategy for managing each specific clinical case. Currently, a comprehensive approach to treatment allows for the use of a multidisciplinary team to pay due attention to concomitant diseases that occur in patients with impaired GAG metabolism. Due to the rarity of this disease in the modern literature, there are as mall number of publications that cover only certain aspects of the disease, but there are no works devoted to a comprehensive approach to the treatment and rehabilitation of such patients. The analysis of literature data on diagnostics, methods of examination,options for conservative and surgical treatment depending on the type of detected pathology and functional needs of a patient with different types of MS is carried out. Recommendations for testing and evaluating functional status are described, and the most common options for conservative and surgical treatment that take into account specific problems that reduce the patient’s quality of life are presented. It is necessary to study the problem of MPs in adult patients in more detail, as well as to coordinate specialists who have experience in managing patients with metabolic disorders, in order to improve the results of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with this pathology.
The Effectiveness of Functional Stimulation in Multiple Sclerosis (Literature Review)
Authors: Guryanova E.A. , Kiryanova V.V.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The restoration of motor functions in patients with multiple sclerosis is a priority task of medical rehabilitation in orderto slow the progression of the orthopedic defect and patients’ quality of life improvement. Despite the usage of disease modifying drugs, patients suffering from significant neurological disorders gain orthopedic complications. A decrease in physical activity leadsto increased body weight, trophic and other disorders, aggravating the course of the main illness and complicating the process of medical rehabilitation. Mobile functional electrical stimulation devices (FES) could became an innovative mean for the improvement of MS patient’s mobility and gait in everyday life.
Aim. To provide evidence-based data from clinical studies on the potential of FES devices usage in clinical practice by patients with paresis of the lower extremities. The article deals with general characteristics of modern devices of functional electrostimulation,compares the most popular devices. The results of meta-analyzes and clinical studies on the effectiveness and safety of FES devices forthe rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis are presented. The influence of functional electrical stimulation on gait parameters,ankle joint functional mobility and quality of life are considered.
Conclusion. When patients with MS undergo rehabilitation using neuro-orthoses with FES, the pattern of gait is normalized, stability of walking is increased, the number of falls and the need for additional support are reduced. Among the main advantages of FES a significant increase in the mobility and independence of patients, which directly affects the quality of life is noted. FES has a positive effect on the level of physical activity and on muscle strength, cardio-respiratory parameters, as well as on a decrease in the severity of paresis. FES therapy in motion is an excellent rehabilitation tool with proved therapeutic efficacy when used in the rehabilitation of MS patients.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (Review of Clinical Trials, National and International Recommendations)
Authors: Bilichenko T.N.
Published: December 2020

Aim. The review of data from randomized clinical trials, results of systematic reviews, international and national clinical recommendations on the problem of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was carried out. This analysis of the studies included the databases e-library, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane libraries on the problem of pathophysiology and methods of physical rehabilitation of COPD. The analysis took into account the opinions of expert groups of clinical recommendations developers of the Russian respiratory society, the European respiratory society, and the American thoracic society, presented inthis review. The data of studies confirm the clinical effectiveness of physical rehabilitation methods for COPD that take into account the unique needs of a complex patient. Pulmonary rehabilitation improves the quality of life associated with health, reduces the incidence of exacerbations and mortality of patients with COPD. Increasing the availability and improving PR programs based on individual assessment of the patient’s physical capabilities will increase the use of this method of treatment.
Quality of Life Changes in Women with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures and Possibility of its Improvement Using New Complex of Physical Therapy Including Mechanotheraputic Technologies
Authors: Marchenkova L.A. , Makarova E.V.
Published: December 2020

Objective. To assess quality of life (QOL) in people with osteoporotic (OP) vertebral fractures (VFs) and evaluate effect of new complex of physical rehabilitation including mechanotherapeutic technologies on QOL of those patients.
Material and methods. At the 1st stage the study group was comprised of 60 women 40–80 years old with OP VFs. The comparison group (n=60) was formed from patients with OP without any fracture enrolled by the twin-pair method. 2nd stage was carried out inthe form of a prospective controlled open study. 120 patients with OP VFs were randomized to the intervention group (group 1, n=60)which received a new complex of physical therapy including mechanotherapeutic technologies, and control (group 2, n=60) which received only complex of physical exercises.
Results. In patients with VFs a significant decrease in main QOL domains such as severity of pain, daily living activity, mobility, mental state, general health and general QUALEFFO-41 scale was revealed (p<0.05 vs comparison group). Administration of a new physical rehabilitation complex resulted in pain reduction and improvement of such QOL aspects as house jobs, mobility and mental state(p<0.05 at 21st day vs baseline). Therapy effect on pain syndrome, daily living activity, mobility and overall QOL remains for at least 4 weeks after the rehabilitation course (p<0.05 at 70th day vs baseline).
Conclusion. New physical therapy complex including mechanotherapeutic technologies can be recommended for rehabilitation of patients with osteoporotic VFs to increase QOL and to reduce back pain.
Institutional Alternative in Ensuring Quality and Specific Performance
Authors: Shulga Ivan , Eliseev Alexandr , Kuznetsova Tatyana
Published: December 2020

The paper provides analysis of means of individualization (trademarks) as an institutional alternative to ensure quality of market goods and to enforce specific contractual performance of sellers and buyers. In general, the price mechanism as described in the perfect competition paradigm fails to ensure efficient market exchange of sophisticated goods and supplementary institutions such as a reputational mechanism are often required. Means of individualization as part of the reputational mechanism contribute to increasing efficiency of the market exchange by ensuring quality of market goods and, in broader context, by enforcing specific performance within the market contracts. The paper provides analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the means of individualization as compared with its institutional alternatives - “pure” market institutions, and centralized regulation of quality/contract performance.
Mechanics of a Company’s Human Assets Capitalization
Authors: Verenikin Aleksey , Kalachov Georgiy
Published: December 2020

The paper considers dynamic optimization of business activities of a firm with special attention to investment in its human capital. Human capital is assumed to be increased not only as a return to the firm's investment but also via self-accumulation. Self-accumulation is a factor that can attribute a fraction of the company's market value to its human capital.
Strategy of effective development of gold mining enterprises based on business consolidation
Authors: Kradenyh Irina
Published: December 2020

The subject of the article is the search for an effective strategic solution in the framework of sustainable development of gold mining enterprises belonging to small and medium-sized mining businesses. The goal of the study is to analyze the problem and the theoretical rationale for the use of horizontal integration for the category of gold mining enterprises, as well as the development of methodological provisions to assess the effectiveness of this strategy in modern conditions. In the process of writing the article the methods of analysis and synthesis within the system approach, mathematical and graphical modeling of economic processes were used. As a result of the study, the processes of development of the gold mining industry, taking into account the state of the mineral resource base of alluvial gold, are revealed. The role of horizontal integration and the expediency of its application within the enterprises belonging to the small and medium mining business are indicated. A methodology has been developed for evaluating the effectiveness of a horizontally integrated gold mining enterprise, taking into account potential synergistic effects, the possibility of diversifying production. The described approaches, at the project stage, will allow to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the planned consolidation.
The effect of school quality on housing prices: evidence from Moscow
Authors: Roshchina Ianina , Vashchenko Tatyana
Published: December 2020

This paper considers various factors affecting housing prices in Moscow with special attention to societal conditions — particularly the quality of education provided by schools within the neighborhood. Today in Russia, children are enrolled in elementary school on the principle of territorial priority, which means that children living within the area of a given school are entitled to be enrolled there. Do parents take into consideration the quality of school education when purchasing a property? Are they prepared to pay extra for an access to better education? Does this extra amount depend on housing prices? These are the main questions of this study. To answer them, the paper analyses the best affordable school rating’s impact on accommodation prices. Not only parents, but also the real estate market would be interested in the results. Moreover, this research contributes to the understanding of migration patterns within the city. It helps determine the factors affecting someone’s choice of property. The findings will provide a more accurate assessment of decision-making in urban planning and education.
Hadronic High-energy Emission from Magnetically Arrested Disks in Radio Galaxies
Authors: Kimura Shigeo S. , Toma Kenji
Published: December 2020

We propose a novel interpretation that gamma rays from nearby radio galaxies are hadronic emission from magnetically arrested disks (MADs) around central black holes (BHs). The magnetic energy in MADs is higher than the thermal energy of the accreting plasma, where the magnetic reconnection or turbulence may efficiently accelerate nonthermal protons. They emit gamma rays via hadronic processes, which can account for the observed gamma rays for M87 and NGC 315. Nonthermal electrons are also accelerated with protons and produce MeV gamma rays, which is useful to test our model by proposed MeV satellites. The hadronic emission from the MADs may significantly contribute to the GeV gamma-ray background and produce the multi-PeV neutrino background detectable by IceCube-Gen2. In addition, gamma rays from MADs provide electron–positron pairs through two-photon pair production at the BH magnetosphere. These pairs can screen the vacuum gap, which affects high-energy emission and jet-launching mechanisms in radio galaxies.
Application of Convolutional Neural Networks to Identify Protostellar Outflows in CO Emission
Authors: Xu Duo , Offner Stella S. R. , Gutermuth Robert , Oort Colin Van
Published: December 2020

We adopt the deep learning method casi-3d (Convolutional Approach to Structure Identification-3D) to identify protostellar outflows in molecular line spectra. We conduct magnetohydrodynamics simulations that model forming stars that launch protostellar outflows and use these to generate synthetic observations. We apply the 3D radiation transfer code radmc-3d to model 12CO (J = 1–0) line emission from the simulated clouds. We train two casi-3d models: ME1 is trained to predict only the position of outflows, while MF is trained to predict the fraction of the mass coming from outflows in each voxel. The two models successfully identify all 60 previously visually identified outflows in Perseus. Additionally, casi-3d finds 20 new high-confidence outflows. All of these have coherent high-velocity structure, and 17 of them have nearby young stellar objects, while the remaining three are outside the Spitzer survey coverage. The mass, momentum, and energy of individual outflows in Perseus predicted by model MF is comparable to the previous estimations. This similarity is due to a cancellation in errors: previous calculations missed outflow material with velocities comparable to the cloud velocity; however, they compensate for this by overestimating the amount of mass at higher velocities that has contamination from nonoutflow gas. We show that outflows likely driven by older sources have more high-velocity gas compared to those driven by younger sources.
Formation of Chromospheric Spicules in Magnetic Bright Points: An Analytical Approach Using Cartesian Slab Geometry
Authors: Oxley William , Scalisi Joseph , Ruderman Michael S. , Erdélyi Róbert
Published: December 2020

We aim to provide insight into chromospheric spicules by suggesting a new formation mechanism. A magnetic field boundary condition is imposed, generating an Alfvén wave that shears a magnetic slab and propagates up the slab. The resulting Lorentz force accelerates material vertically, potentially nonlinearly driving a jet-like feature. This formation mechanism is applied to take place in a magnetic bright point embedded in the photosphere, providing motivation to use the simplifying assumption of a zero-β plasma. After deriving an analytical expression describing the vertical mass flux that constitutes the spicular jet, further understanding is gained by examining a model example of a magnetic field boundary condition in terms of standard functions. By visualizing the vertical mass flux through 3D plots, we demonstrate that the jet properties capture the observed properties of chromospheric spicules during their formation. This vindicates the model and simplifying assumptions used. Although we do not provide insight into the full evolution of a spicule, we show that the role of Alfvén waves triggered by shear in fact could be a viable formation mechanism for at least some chromospheric spicules. Consequently, we provide a starting point for further studies of this formation mechanism, which will lead to a greater understanding of the vast variety of chromospheric jets.
Una cartografía del tacto: la poética del instrumento en José Luis Torá (Madrid, 1966)
Authors: Morán Artaiz Alejandro
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo constituye una aproximación desde un punto de vista estético al trabajo con el instrumento musical que realiza en su obra el compositor español José Luis Torá (Madrid, 1966). En el contexto de su poética, el instrumento se entiende como un cuerpo sonoro, físico, provisto siempre de posibilidades acústicas no actualizadas. Además, se reconoce en él la existencia de una historia o “memoria” que contribuye a cargar de sentido, de antemano, las acciones instrumentales. El artista, partiendo de posicionamientos teóricos afines a los de quien fuera su maestro, Helmut Lachenmann, (y de otras influencias musicales, filosóficas y artísticas), se plantea la necesidad de una labor crítica que permita sacar a la luz nuevas relaciones acústicas en el instrumento en el proceso de creación musical. A lo largo de estas páginas se estudian las implicaciones filosóficas de dicha concepción del instrumento, enmarcándolas en la poética personal de Torá, y se analiza su huella en la escritura musical del autor a través de algunos ejemplos tomados de, entre otras obras, wq.132 à creux perdu (2017), Kaspar Hauser Lied (1993) e in der bruchlosen Ferne, dans le crevasse du temps (2001).