bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data mining process for modeling hydrological time series
Authors: Keskin M. Erol , Taylan Dilek , Kucuksille Ecir Ugur
Published: December 2012

The main purpose of this study was to develop an optimum flow prediction model, based on data mining process. The data mining process was applied to predict river flow of Seyhan Stream in the southern part of Turkey. Hydrological time series modeling was applied using monthly historical flow records to predict Seyhan Stream flows. Seyhan Stream flows were modeled by Markov models and it was seen that it adapted AR(2). Hence, Ft–2 and Ft–1 flows in (t–2) and (t–1) months were the taken inputs. For monthly streamflow predictions, data were taken from the General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration. Used data covered 35 years between 1969 and 2003 for monthly streamflows. Furthermore, for the effect of monthly periodicity in hydrological time series cos (2πi/12), sin (2πi/12) (I = 1, 2,…, 12) were included as inputs. Then, Ft flows in (t) months were modeled by data mining process. It was concluded that with using data mining process for streamflow prediction, it was possible to estimate missing or unmeasured data.
Changes in snow depth in Norway during the period 1961–2010
Authors: Dyrrdal Anita Verpe , Saloranta Tuomo , Skaugen Thomas , Stranden Heidi Bache
Published: December 2012

Observed trends in annual maximum snow depth (SD) in Norway are analyzed and examined in the context of changes in winter climate from 1961 until today. Trends are evaluated for the 50-year period (1961–2010) and for three 30-year periods (1961–1990, 1971–2000, 1981–2010). The analyzed dataset is the most extensive and geographically representative for the country so far, and the analysis gives an up-to-date picture of the recent development in snow accumulation. In regions characterized by colder winter climate long-term trends are found to be positive in general, while short-term trends shift from strongly positive in the first period to predominantly negative in the last period. Variation in SD is here mainly linked to variation in precipitation. In regions of warmer winter climate variation in SD is dominated by temperature, and long-term trends are mainly negative. Short-term trends start out weak overall in the first period but become strongly negative most places in the last period. It is likely that, although more and more regions in Norway will experience declining maximum annual SD in a projected wetter and warmer future climate, some inland and higher mountain regions may still accumulate more snow in the coming decades.
In situ snow water equivalent observations in the US Arctic
Authors: Stuefer Svetlana , Kane Douglas L. , Liston Glen E.
Published: December 2012

This paper summarizes 12 years of snow water equivalent (SWE) observations collected in the data-sparse region of Arctic Alaska, United States. The in situ observations are distributed across a 200 × 300 km domain that includes the Kuparuk River watershed from the Brooks Range to the Beaufort Sea coast. Data collection methods and analyses were classified to distinguish between snow observation sites representing regional- and local-scale variability. Average SWE for the entire domain ranges from 92 mm in 2008 to 148 mm in 2011. Regional end-of-winter SWE indicates that both the extreme high SWE in 2009 and 2011 and the extreme low SWE in 2008 occurred during recent and alternating years, suggesting the limitations of 12 years of data for detecting SWE trends. By assimilating the observational datasets into SnowModel, hourly 100 m gridded SWE distributions for the central Alaska Arctic were created to provide a best-fit to the observations where and when they occur. The model simulations highlight how observed SWE data can be used as a surrogate for the more problematic winter precipitation measurements. The resulting SWE distributions are readily available to support ecological and hydrologic studies in this region.
Projection of future daily precipitation series and extreme events by using a multi-site statistical downscaling model over the great Montréal area, Québec, Canada
Authors: Jeong D. I. , St-Hilaire A. , Ouarda T. B. M. J. , Gachon P.
Published: December 2012

This study suggested strategies to project future precipitation series based on a multi-site hybrid SDM (statistical downscaling model), which can downscale precipitation series at multiple observation sites simultaneously by combining the multivariate multiple linear regression (MMLR) model and the stochastic randomization procedure. The hybrid SDM and future projection methodologies applied to 10 observation sites located in the great area of Montréal, Québec, Canada. Six future independent precipitation series were projected from six sets of future atmospheric predictors using three AOGCMs (Atmosphere-Ocean Global Climate Models, i.e. CGCM2, CGCM3, HadCM3) and three IPCC SRES emission scenarios (B2, A1B and A2). Downscaled climate change signals on wet/dry sequences and extreme indices of precipitation time series were evaluated over the future period from 2060 to 2099 with respect to the historical period from 1961 to 2000. The future scenarios of all three AOGCMs showed a consistent increase of 7.9–44.6% in winter while only those of HadCM3 and CGCM3 showed a decrease of 2.3–23.0% in summer compared to their historical values. Precipitation series of CGCM2 A2 and CGCM3 A2 scenarios yielded the largest increase in winter, while those of HadCM3 B2 and A2 scenarios yielded the largest decrease in summer for all statistics indices.
The impact of plant water uptake and recharge on groundwater level at a site in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Yasuda H. , Berndtsson R. , Hinokidani O. , Huang J. , Saito T. , Zheng J. , Kimura R.
Published: December 2012

Shallow groundwater in unconsolidated sediments represents a substantial water resource in the Chinese Loess Plateau. However, prior to development of the water supply for agriculture, annual and seasonal fluctuation of the recharge mechanism should be clarified. Since the region is arid, the effect of plant water uptake on groundwater fluctuation must also be assessed. A study was therefore undertaken to clarify groundwater recharge together with interaction between the plant ecosystem and shallow groundwater at a field site in the Loess Plateau of China. Observations showed that recharge response of the groundwater level (GWL) was limited except for intensive rainfall during the rainy season. The main recharge to the groundwater occurred from horizontal inflow from focused recharge at the upstream end of the site. Fluctuation of the GWL produced by plant water uptake was monitored during the growing season. For seasonal fluctuation of GWL, temperature was most important, while for diurnal fluctuation of GWL during the growing season, solar radiation was most important. During the growing season, the GWL declined during the daylight hours and recovered during the night. The diurnal fluctuation was well synchronized with the solar radiation, consistent with plant-water uptake by shrubs surrounding one of the observation wells.
Growth Factors and Stem Cells for the Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears
Authors: Rizzello Giacomo , Longo Umile Giuseppe , Petrillo Stefano , Lamberti Alfredo , Khan Wasim Sardar , Maffulli Nicola , Denaro Vincenzo
Published: December 2012

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is fundamental for the knee joint stability. ACL tears are frequent, especially during sport activities, occurring mainly in young and active patients. Nowadays, the gold standard for the management of ACL tears remains the surgical reconstruction with autografts or allografts. New strategies are being developed to resolve the problems of ligament grafting and promote a physiological healing process of ligamentous tissue without requiring surgical reconstruction. Moreover, these strategies can be applicable in association surgical reconstruction and may be useful to promote and accelerate the healing process. The use of growth factors and stem cells seems to offer a new and fascinating solution for the management of ACL tears. The injection of stem cell and/or growth factors in the site of ligamentous injury can potentially enhance the repair process of the physiological tissue. These procedures are still at their infancy, and morein vivoandin vitrostudies are required to clarify the molecular pathways and effectiveness of growth factors and stem cells therapy for the management of ACL tears. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge in the field of growth factors and stem cells for the management of ACL tears.
Digital Forensics Formats: Seeking a Digital Preservation Storage Container Format for Web Archiving
Authors: Kim Yunhyong , Ross Seamus
Published: December 2012

In this paper we discuss archival storage container formats from the point of view of digital curation and preservation, an aspect of preservation overlooked by most other studies. Considering established approaches to data management as our jumping off point, we selected seven container format attributes that are core to the long term accessibility of digital materials. We have labeled these core preservation attributes. These attributes are then used as evaluation criteria to compare storage container formats belonging to five common categories: formats for archiving selected content (e.g. tar, WARC), disk image formats that capture data for recovery or installation (partimage, dd raw image), these two types combined with a selected compression algorithm (e.g. tar+gzip), formats that combine packing and compression (e.g. 7-zip), and forensic file formats for data analysis in criminal investigations (e.g. aff – Advanced Forensic File format). We present a general discussion of the storage container format landscape in terms of the attributes we discuss, and make a direct comparison between the three most promising archival formats: tar, WARC, and aff. We conclude by suggesting the next steps to take the research forward and to validate the observations we have made.
The Forensic Curator: Digital Forensics as a Solution to Addressing the Curatorial Challenges Posed by Personal Digital Archives
Authors: Knight Gareth
Published: December 2012

The growth of computing technology during the previous three decades has resulted in a large amount of content being created in digital form. As their creators retire or pass away, an increasing number of personal data collections, in the form of digital media and complete computer systems, are being offered to the academic institutional archive. For the digital curator or archivist, the handling and processing of such digital material represents a considerable challenge, requiring development of new processes and procedures. This paper outlines how digital forensic methods, developed by the law enforcement and legal community, may be applied by academic digital archives. It goes on to describe the strategic and practical decisions that should be made to introduce forensic methods within an existing curatorial infrastructure and how different techniques, such as forensic hashing, timeline analysis and data carving, may be used to collect information of a greater breadth and scope than may be gathered through manual activities.
DMP Online and DMPTool: Different Strategies Towards a Shared Goal
Authors: Sallans Andrew , Donnelly Martin
Published: December 2012

This paper provides a comparative discussion of the strategies employed in the UK’s DMP Online tool and the US’s DMPTool, both designed to provide a structured environment for research data management planning (DMP) with explicit links to funder requirements. Following the Sixth International Digital Curation Conference, held in Chicago in December 2010, a number of US institutions partnered with the Digital Curation Centre’s DMP Online team to learn from their experiences while developing a US counterpart. DMPTool arrived in beta in August 2011 and released a production version in November 2011. This joint paper will compare and contrast use cases, organizational and national/cultural characteristics that have influenced the development decisions, outcomes achieved so far, and planned future developments.
Influence of ecophysiological factors on the presence of ochratoxin A in dried vine fruits: A review
Authors: Soso Vladislava , Skrinjar Marija , Blagojev Nevena
Published: December 2012

Grapes derived products, especially dried vine fruits (raisins, sultanas,
currants), are very often used in human nutrition, and along with wine, are
of significant economic importance in Mediterranean countries, especially in
Spain, Greece, Turkey and Italy. The diversity of climate in the areas where
grape is grown, indicate that moulds, potential producers of ochratoxin A
(OTA), are ubiquitously distributed. Considering this fact, OTA itself is
commonly isolated from these products. Great efforts are taken to eliminate
ochratoxigenic moulds and preform detoxification of the products, but
efficient methods have not been found so far. Because of that, the inhibition
of mould growth is of great importance. It is well known that the
ecophysiological factors highly influence the presence of toxigenic moulds in
different food products, including production of OTA. The aim of this work
was therefore to summarize results obtained so far on the presence of OTA in
dried vine fruit, and to outline the influence of ecophysiological factors on
mould and OTA presence in this commodity.
Using the Ansys Fluent for simulation of two-sided lid-driven flow in a staggered cavity
Authors: Markovic Jelena , Lukic Natasa , Ilic Jelena , Nikolovski Branislava , Sovilj Milan , Sijacki Ivana
Published: December 2012

This paper is concerned with numerical study of the two-sided lid-driven
fluid flow in a staggered cavity. The ANSYS FLUENT commercial software was
used for the simulation, In one of the simulated cases the lids are moving in
opposite directions (antiparallel motion) and in the other they move in the
same direction (parallel motion). Calculation results for various Re numbers
are presented in the form of flow patterns and velocity profiles along the
central lines of the cavity. The results are compared with the existing data
from the literature. In general, a good agreement is found, especially in the
antiparallel motion, while in the parallel motion the same flow pattern is
found, but the velocity profiles are slightly different.
Characterization of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of nettle leaves (Urtica dioica L.)
Authors: Kukric Zoran , Topalic-Trivunovic Ljiljana , Kukavica Biljana , Matos Snjezana , Pavicic Svetlana , Boroja Mirela , Savic Aleksandar
Published: December 2012

Samples of stinging nettle or common nettle (Urtica dioica L.) were collected
from the area of Banja Luka. To measure and evaluate the content of
chlorophyll (a and b), carotenoids, and soluble proteins, as well as
peroxidase activity (POD, EC 1.11.1.7.), fresh nettle leaves of different
developmental stages were used. Dried nettle leaves were used to obtain
ethanol extract. The dry residue of ethanol extract was dissolved in
methanol and the obtained solution was used to determine the content of
total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant
activity and antimicrobial activity. The non-enzymatic antioxidant activity
was determined by different methods: FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS. The results were
compared to those of standard substances like vitamin C, BHT, and BHA.
Antimicrobial activity was screened by using macrodilution method. The
obtained results showed insignificantly higher content of chlorophyll,
carotenoids, and proteins in young nettle leaves as well as an increase in
the soluble peroxidase activities. Native electrophoresis of the soluble
fraction showed the presence of two peroxidase isophorms in the soluble
protein fraction of nettle leaves. The total phenolic content in nettle
extracts amounted to 208.37 mg GAE/gdw, the content of total flavonoids was
20.29 mg QE/gdw, and the content of total flavonols was 22.83 mg QE/gdw. The
antioxidant activity determined by FRAP method was 7.50 mM Fe(II)/gdw,
whereas the antioxidant activity measured by using DPPH and ABTS methods,
with IC50 values, were 31.38 and 23.55 ?g mL-1, respectively. These results
showed the weak and moderate antioxidant capacity of stinging nettle.
Extract of Urtica dioica L. was tested for antibacterial acivity against
various Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria: Bacillus subtilis IP 5832,
Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and
Escherichia coli isolated from food and Escherichia coli isolated from urine
samples. Ampicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were used
as positive control. The results showed that minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the
extract ranged from 9.05 to more than 149.93 mg mL-1.
Validation of an HPLC method for the determination of amino acids in feed
Authors: Jajic Igor , Krstovic Sasa , Glamocic Dragan , Jaksic Sandra , Abramovic Biljana
Published: December 2012

The subject of this study is the validation of a high-performance liquid
chromatography method for the analysis of amino acids in feed. The contents
of amino acids were determined in maize, soybean, soybean meal, as well as in
their mixtures enriched with different amounts of methionine, threonine and
lysine. The method involves the acid hydrolysis of the sample (6 h at 150?C),
automated derivatisation of amino acids with the aid of o-phthaldialdehyde
and 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate reagents, separation on the ZORBAX
Eclipse-AAA column, and detection using a diode-array detector. The method is
characterized by high specificity (the difference between the retention times
of the feed samples and standard mixtures are below 1.7 %), wide linear range
(from 10 to 1000 nmol cm-3, r2 = 0.9999), high accuracy (recovery 93.3-109.4
%), and the precision of the results (RSD below 4.14 % in case of
repeatability and below 4.57 % in the case of intermediate precision). The
limit of detection and the limit of quantification are in the range
0.004-1.258 ?g cm-3 and 0.011-5.272 ?g cm-3, respectively. The results
demonstrate that the procedure can be used as a method for the determination
of the composition of primary amino acids of feed proteins.
Vulnerability and Coping Strategies of Women in Disaster: A Study on Coastal Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Rabiul
Published: December 2012

Natural disaster is a common phenomenon in Bangladesh. Almost every year Bangladesh suffers highly by different kinds of disasters like flood, tropical cyclones, tornados, tidal surges, droughts and large scale river erosion etc. Bangladesh is a low lying delta with very gentle slopes. It is located at the lowest end of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Basin (Roy et al 2009). Bangladesh has special geographical feature. It has the Himalayan range to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the south with its funneling towards Meghna estuary and the vast stretch of Indian land to the west. These special geographical features have significant impact on the weather system of Bangladesh. Due to this weather system, Bangladesh is the worst victimized country of natural disasters which causes loss of lives and properties (Nizamuddin 2001). A large number of the total population of our country lives in the coastal areas. According to the population census 2001, the whole coastal area of the country has about 46 million people. The average size of the household is 7, the density of population is 743 per sq. km. Womenfolk are 49% of the coastal population, while 23% (8 million) are urban-dwellers, size of the labor force (15-59 years age group) is 18.6 million which are about 53% of the coastal population (BBS 2006). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/afj.v4i0.12938 The Arts Faculty Journal Vol.4 July 2010-June 2011 pp.147-169
Use of Electronic Resources and its Impact: A Study of Dhaka University Library Users
Authors: Habiba Umme , Chowdhury Salma
Published: December 2012

This paper presents and analyses the status of electronic resources facilities and services provided by the Dhaka University Library (DUL). It also discusses the purpose of using e-resources, benefits, subject coverage status, overall user satisfactions, problems that are faced by DUL users while accessing e-resources and perceived impact of e-resources on users. Finally, it reports the results from questionnaire-based survey of e-resources use and its impact on DUL users. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/el.v23i1.12122 Eastern Librarian Vol.23(1) 2012 pp.74-90
Optimization of cultural conditions for the production of an extracellular protease by Pseudomonas species
Authors: Vasantha Soumya Thrivikraman , Subramanian Abhilash Thankappan
Published: December 2012

The aim of the study was to identify new sources of protease and a protease producing bacteria was isolated from slaughter house soil and identified as Pseudomonas species. The protease production efficiency of the organism was measured with different environmental and nutritional parameters. Optimization of the fermentation medium for maximum protease production was carried out. The culture condition like temperature, pH, incubation time, carbon and nitrogen sources were optimized. The optimum condition found for protease production was 30°C at pH 7 in the medium for 48 hour. Carbon source casein and nitrogen source beef extract stimulated the production of protease. Protease production was higher with immobilized cells. Pseudomonas species can be used profitably for the large scale production of protease to meet the present day demand of the industrial sector.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i1.12870 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 2(1): 1-6
Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol and hydrocortisone acetate in cream using TLC desitrometry method
Authors: Kristiningrum Nia , Rakhmawati Mia
Published: December 2012

A rapid and reproducible TLC method was developed for the determination of hydrocortisone acetate and chloramphenicol in cream. The analytes were dissolved with methanol and chromatographed on silica Gel GF 254 TLC plate using chloroform:ethyl acetate in the ratio of 1:1.5 (v/v) as mobile phase. Spots at Rf 0.29 and Rf 0.59 were recognized as chloramphenicol and hydrocortisone acetate, respectively. Quantitative analysis was done through densitometric measurement at wavelength 265 nm. Method was found linear over the concentration range of 300-900 ng/spot with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 and 0.998 for hydrocortisone acetate and chloramphenicol, respectively. Specificity showed calculation of purity and identity more than 0.99. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were 23.84 and 71.51 ng/spot for hydrocortisone acetate, 21.06 and 63.18 ng/spot for chloramphenicol. The precision of this method was less than 2.8% whereas the means of the recovery data were 100.40± 0.579% for hydrocortisone acetate and 100.24±1.20% for chloramphenicol. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of hydrocortisone acetate and chloramphenicol in commercial cream formulations and the recovery of label claim were 99.23±0.66% (chloramphenicol) and 99.25±0.41% (hydrocortisone acetate) for brand A and 100.32±0.87% (chloramphenicol) and 100.53±0.78% (hydrocortisone acetate) for brand B. The developed method was successfully used for the assay of hydrocortisone acetate and chloramphenicol. The method is simple, sensitive and precise; it can be used for the routine quality control testing of marketed formulations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i1.12871 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 2(1): 7-10
Signals and Cells Involved in Regulating Liver Regeneration
Authors: Kang Liang-I. , Mars Wendy , Michalopoulos George
Published: December 2012

Liver regeneration is a complex phenomenon aimed at maintaining a constant liver mass in the event of injury resulting in loss of hepatic parenchyma. Partial hepatectomy is followed by a series of events involving multiple signaling pathways controlled by mitogenic growth factors (HGF, EGF) and their receptors (MET and EGFR). In addition multiple cytokines and other signaling molecules contribute to the orchestration of a signal which drives hepatocytes into DNA synthesis. The other cell types of the liver receive and transmit to hepatocytes complex signals so that, in the end of the regenerative process, complete hepatic tissue is assembled and regeneration is terminated at the proper time and at the right liver size. If hepatocytes fail to participate in this process, the biliary compartment is mobilized to generate populations of progenitor cells which transdifferentiate into hepatocytes and restore liver size.
Pulmonary Inflammation of Well-Dispersed Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Following Intratracheal Instillation: Toxicity by Fiber of 1–5 µm in Length
Authors: Horie Masanori , Stowe Mayumi , Kambara Tatsunori , Lee Byeong , Endoh Shigehisa , Maru Junko , Oyabu Takako , Myojo Toshihiko , Ogami Akira , Uchida Kunio , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Norihiro , Kuroda Estushi , Nakazato Tetsuya , Morimoto Yasuo
Published: December 2012

The pulmonary toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were examined by intratracheal instillation. We prepared a well-dispersed MWCNT dispersion including MWCNTs of 3.71 µm geometric average length. The fiber length of most of the MWCNTs in the dispersion was 10 µm or less. The MWCNT dispersion was administered to rat lung by single intratracheal instillation at doses of 0.2 mg and 0.6 mg/rat. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after instillation. The influences of the longer MWCNTs on the induction of inflammation and oxidative stress were examined by the number of neutrophils, cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1), CINC-2, CINC-3 and HO-1 in the BALF. Additionally, ho-1 gene expression in the lung was examined. The intratracheal instillation of MWCNT induced transient inflammation dose dependently in the lung. The number of neutrophils was highest at 3 days after instillation and then decreased. However, the neutrophils in the MWCNT administered animals tended to be higher than in the control group until 3 months after instillation. The CINC-1 and CINC-2 concentrations in the BALF increased at 1 month after instillation. There were no significant differences in CINC-3 and HO-1 between the MWCNT administered animals and the control animals. These results revealed that the MWCNTs of 1–10 µm in length induced persistent inflammation in rat lung. There were no remarkable differences between the MWCNTs in the present study and previously reported, shorter MWCNTs prepared from “the same” raw MWCNT material.
The Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of CuO and ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Chang Ya-Nan , Zhang Mingyi , Xia Lin , Zhang Jun , Xing Gengmei
Published: December 2012

Recent nanotechnological advances suggest that metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been expected to be used in various fields, ranging from catalysis and opto-electronic materials to sensors, environmental remediation, and biomedicine. However, the growing use of NPs has led to their release into environment and the toxicity of metal oxide NPs on organisms has become a concern to both the public and scientists. Unfortunately, there are still widespread controversies and ambiguities with respect to the toxic effects and mechanisms of metal oxide NPs. Comprehensive understanding of their toxic effect is necessary to safely expand their use. In this review, we use CuO and ZnO NPs as examples to discuss how key factors such as size, surface characteristics, dissolution, and exposure routes mediate toxic effects, and we describe corresponding mechanisms, including oxidative stress, coordination effects and non-homeostasis effects.
Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: New insights from comprehensively sampled early‐branching lineages
Authors: Cardoso Domingos , de Queiroz Luciano P. , Pennington R. Toby , de Lima Haroldo C. , Fonty Émile , Wojciechowski Martin F. , Lavin Matt
Published: December 2012

• Premise of study: Phylogenetic relationships of the papilionoid legumes (Papilionoideae) reveal that the early branches are more highly diverse in floral morphology than are other clades of Papilionoideae. This study attempts for the first time to comprehensively sample the early‐branching clades of this economically and ecologically important legume subfamily and thus to resolve relationships among them.

• Methods: Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of the plastid matK and trnL intron sequences included 29 genera not yet sampled in matK phylogenies of the Papilionoideae, 11 of which were sampled for DNA sequence data for the first time.

• Key results: The comprehensively sampled matK phylogeny better resolved the deep‐branching relationships and increased support for many clades within Papilionoideae. The potentially earliest‐branching papilionoid clade does not include any genus traditionally assigned to tribe Swartzieae. Dipterygeae is monophyletic with the inclusion of Monopteryx. The genera Aldina and Amphimas represent two of the nine main but as yet unresolved lineages comprising the large 50‐kb inversion clade within papilionoids. The quinolizidine‐alkaloid‐accumulating genistoid clade is expanded to include a strongly supported subclade containing Ormosia and the previously unplaced Clathrotropis s.s., Panurea, and Spirotropis. Camoensia is the first‐branching genus of the core genistoids.

• Conclusions: The well‐resolved phylogeny of the earliest‐branching papilionoids generated in this study will greatly facilitate the efforts to redefine and stabilize the classification of this legume subfamily. Many key floral traits did not often predict phylogenetic relationships, so comparative studies on floral evolution and plant–animal interactions, for example, should also benefit from this study.
Screening for lactic acid bacteria capable of inhibiting Campylobacter jejuni in in vitro simulations of the broiler chicken caecal environment
Authors: Robyn J. , Rasschaert G. , Messens W. , Pasmans F. , Heyndrickx M.
Published: December 2012

Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp., specifically Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, are the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis in developed countries. Consumption of improperly prepared poultry products and cross contamination are among the main causes of human campylobacteriosis. The aim of this study was to identify lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains capable of inhibiting C. jejuni growth in initial in vitro trials (‘spot-on-lawn’ method), as well as in batch fermentation studies mimicking the broiler caecal environment. These experiments served as an indication for using these strains to decrease the capability of Campylobacter to colonise and grow in the chicken caeca during primary production, with the aim of reducing the number of human campylobacteriosis cases. A total of 1,150 LAB strains were screened for anti-Campylobacter activity. Six strains were selected: members of the species Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus agilis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. After treatment with catalase, proteinase K and a-chymotrypsin, anti-Campylobacter activity of cell-free culture supernatant fluid (CSF) for all six strains was retained, which indicated that activity was probably not exerted by bacteriocin production. Based on the activity found in CSF, the compounds produced by the selected strains are secreted and do not require presence of live bacterial producer cells for activity. During initial in vitro fermentation experiments, the E. faecalis strain exhibited the highest inhibitory activity for C. jejuni and was selected for further fermentation experiments. In these experiments we tested for therapeutic or protective effects of the E. faecalis strain against C. jejuni MB 4185 infection under simulated broiler caecal growth conditions. The best inhibition results were obtained when E. faecalis was inoculated before the C. jejuni strain, lowering C. jejuni counts at least one log compared to a positive control. This effect was already observed 6 h after C. jejuni inoculation.
Semi-Supervised Ultrasound Image Segmentation Based on Curvelet Features
Authors: Yun Ting , Xu Yi Qing , Cao Lin
Published: December 2012

The research is aimed at the development of an image processing system for classification of pathological area for medical images obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans. We proposed a novel semi-supervised image segmentation method based on the curvelet transform and SVM classfication. Firstly, through curvelet transform ultrasound images were decomposed into different directions and scales, the main distribution curvelet coefficients were extracted by cauchy model to reduce the algorithm time complexity, after inverse curvelet transform to obtaine a series of feature vectors from main distribution curvelet coefficients, then training samples and test samples were constructed; Secondly semi-supervised SVM classifier was designed, in order to reducing the weak classifier error rate, iteratively adjustment method was used to modify the SVM parameters, thus SVM strong classifier was constructed; Finally the expert manual tagging map were taken as reference standards, comparison with the existing method, experimental results shows that our algorithm is high anti-interference and has higher accuracy and effectiveness for ultrasound images pathological region segmentation.
Comparing Different Means of Signal Treatment for Improving the Detection Power in HPLC-UV-HG-AFS
Authors: Cui Jian , Wang Yan , Zhao Xue Hong , Dai Li
Published: December 2012

The purpose of detecting trace concentrations of analytes often is hindered by occurring noise in the signal curves of analytical methods. This is also a problem when different arsenic species (organic arsenic species such as arsanilic acid, nitarsone and roxarsone) are to be determined in animal meat by HPLC-UV-HG-AFS, which is the basis of this work. In order to improve the detection power, methods of signal treatment may be applied. We show a comparison of convolution with Gaussian distribution curves, Fourier transform, and wavelet transform. It is illustrated how to estimate decisive parameters for these techniques. All methods result in improved limits of detection. Furthermore, applying baselines and evaluating peaks thoroughly is facilitated. However, there are differences. Fourier transform may be applied, but convolution with Gaussian distribution curves shows better results of improvement. The best of the three is wavelet transform, whereby the detection power is improved by factors of about 2.4.
A Data Transmission Strategy Applied to Implantable Wireless System for Small Animal Monitoring
Authors: Huang Chao , Chen Wei Hong , Tang Ya Wei , Ye Shu Ming
Published: December 2012

Implantable wireless system is a suitable way for the animal model research, especially for the small animal monitoring. In this paper, an implantable wireless system for the mouse monitoring was developed and a data transmission strategy based on the multiple pulse position modulation (MPPM) method was adopted for this system. The physiological signal(s) was/were first modulated by the MPPM and then transmitted by the antenna. The outside receiver demodulated the signals from the antenna and then digitalized the analogy signals to the PC by the micro-controller. In the PC, the digital values were restored to the origin signal(s) using a decoding process according to the MPPM scheme. This strategy ensures the low power consumption of the implantable module and multichannel monitoring for small animals.
Research on Enhancement Method of Feather Images Based on Color Constancy
Authors: Ming Jun Feng , Wang Ren Huang , Tang Su Xiang , Zhu Ying
Published: December 2012

This article discusses the requirements and implementation of feather image enhancement. Feather image enhancement need correct the uneven illumination, maintain color constancy and preserve texture details. Experiments are taken with four typical enhancement algorithms. The result shows that MSRCR algorithm can preferable meet the requirements. A novel improvement on MSRCR is proposed, that can get better effect.
Extraction Method of Path Based on Hough Transformation
Authors: Qiu Zhi Wei , Zhang Cai Li
Published: December 2012

This paper uses Matlab7.0 software development tool, using Hough transformation and other technical means in the pictures are linear structure information extraction, for future research and deployment to provide reference. But there are still some limitations, such as image segmentation dependence, from nonroad factors affecting such. firstly using the road seed point spectrum information is way of regional growth, extracted from the spectral information consistent with the road area, get a contains road information two value image, and then this two value image filtering, in the extracted road strip on a regional basis, according to the road has the shape characteristics, using morphological thinning and a certain number of form pruning treatment, get a single pixel wide road center line information. The last image based on Hough transform linear feature extraction, The high resolution remote sensing image experiments were carried out to verify the validity of the method[1].
A Novel Method for the Detection of Sleep Apnea Syndrome Based on Single-Lead ECG Signal
Authors: Tu Yue Wen , Yu Xiao Min , Chen Hang , Ye Shu Ming
Published: December 2012

The diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) has important clinical significance for the prevention of hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmias, stroke and other diseases. In this paper, a novel method for the detection of SAS based on single-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was proposed. Firstly, the R-peak points of ECG recordings were pre-detected to calculate RR interval series and ECG-derived respiratory signal (EDR). Then 40 time- and spectral-domain features were extracted and normalized. Finally, support vector machine (SVM) was employed to these features as a classifier to detect SAS events. The performance of the presented method was evaluated using the MIT-BIH Apnea-ECG database, results show that an accuracy of 95% in train sets and an accuracy of 88% in test sets are achievable.
Study on Measured Data Processing Method of Model Test for Relative Motions between Two Side-by-Side Replenishment Ships in Waves
Authors: Shi Ping An , Ye Jia Wei
Published: December 2012

The method to process measured data of ship model test with contact measurement to study the characteristics of relative motion between two side-by-side ships was investigated. The reference co-ordinate systems and the relative motions of two side-by-side replenishment ships were defined. Then the integration transform method which combines Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) with Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) self-adaptive filter was applied to transform measured acceleration signal into displacement. The EMD adaptive filter is designed, and the integration results from acceleration to displacement with and without EMD adaptive filter were compared, which shows that the EMD adaptive filter can effectively eliminate the noise embedded in the measured data. At last, the relative motions are acquired, which are consistent with the practical situation.
The Influence of Parameters on an Individual Neuron Firing Patterns
Authors: Wang Guan Ping , Jin Wu Yin , Hu Chi Bing
Published: December 2012

The influence of parameters to the firing patterns of time-delayed linear and compound Hindmarsh-Rose(HR) model neuron are studied in this work. For an individual neuron, it can be found from different Intervalspike Interval (ISI) maps that the firing patterns transform among resting state, busting firing, tonic firing, and chaotic spiking, especially, the transfer of the firing patters are speeded up under feedback mechanism, it is easier to get into the chaotic firing state compared with linear feedback.
Research on Mongolian Acoustic Model Based on the Triphone DDBHMM
Authors: Yun Jing , Ma Zhi Qiang , Su Yi La , Xie Xiu Lan
Published: December 2012

Triphone DDBHMM (Duration Distribution Based HMM) is presented as the acoustic model for Mongolian continuous speech recognition, and the Mongolian Acoustic Model is optimized by state-binding. The experiment made a comparison of the triphone DDBHMM, diphone DDBHMM, triphone HMM on HTK platform and analyzed their effects on the accuracy of acoustic layer. The experimental results have showed that Triphone DDBHMM significantly improves the recognition performance of continuous speech recognition in Mongolian.
Extract Characteristic Parameters of FID Signal Combining Autocorrelation Function with the Least Absolute Value
Authors: Hao Hui Cui , Lin Jun , Tian Bao Feng , Wan Qi
Published: December 2012

FID signal is the envelope of magnetic resonance signal, and the extraction accuracy of characteristic parameters directly influence the accuracy of the hydrogeologic parameters of the inverse interpretation. In order to improve the accuracy of characteristic parameters extraction, made simulation and study combined the autocorrelation function fitting with the least absolute value nonlinear fitting method in different SNR and different noise in this paper. The simulation results showed that, the characteristic parameters fitting error using this method was smaller than that using linear, nonlinear fitting method or the autocorrelation function with the least squares method, within 7% in lower SNR. The field measurement data and inversion results verified the method validity.
Echo Sounder Survey in Dongzhai Bay to Detect the Earthquake Event in 1605, Hainan, South China
Authors: Zhang Zhen Ke , Xie Li , Zhang Yun Feng , Zhang Ling Hua , Lu Ji Xin
Published: December 2012

This paper presents the echo-sounder survey in Dongzhai Bay, Hainan Island, South China to detect the earthquake event in the year of 1605. According the local historical document the earthquake in 1605 caused the subsidence of the coastal plain and the formation of the Dongzhai Bay in north-eastern Hainan Island. In the summer time of 2009, the echo-sounder survey in the Dongzhai Bay was carried out with the StrataboxTM equipments. The geophysical data of the bottom sediment were analysed. This is the first time of the Stratbox TM used in the coastal shallow water in China to detect the sediments and environmental changes.
Study on Filtering Algorithm of Image Using Matlab
Authors: Zhang Ming Jun , Yuan Xing Qi
Published: December 2012

To increase signal to noise ratio (SNR) and to stress on expectation characters, an improved adaptive minutia preserving smoothing algorithm is proposed using Matlab based on multi-scale and multidirectional masks. This algorithm keeps the mask’s good performance in preserving details. It divides image into sub-images according to the statistics from image gradation-gradient histogram, and the adaptive threshold value generate according to the gradient information of the whole and the local image. This method deals with the difficulty of choosing threshold and improves the automation of image smoothing. The results of experiments show that the improved algorithm has more better performance than that classical algorithm either in reducing noise efficiently in intra-region and at edges or in keeping line-like structures such as edges and textures.
Radar Target Tracking Error Research Using Kalman Filter-Based Algorithms
Authors: Chai Qian Long , Bai Yu Long , Dong Cun Hui
Published: December 2012

The methods of radar target tracking have a substantial effect on the accuracy of the whole radar systems. The basic principles and implementing steps of the Extended Kalman filter (the EKF) and the Unscented Kalman filter (the UKF) are briefly introduced. The main sources of radar observation errors and the limitation of the current methods are analyzed. According to the requirements of tracking a CV target, the EKF and the UKF are used to simulate the experiments by establishing the specific model of radar target tracking. The results show that the tracking errors can be constrained within a certain range and the whole systems also have the high tracking accuracy.
Carrier Tracking Performance Comparison of Standards and the Square-Root Kalman Filter
Authors: Ni Shao Jie , Pang Jing , Tang Xiao Mei , Wang Fei Xue
Published: December 2012

In order to solve the problem of loosing lock in weak GPS signal tracking, Kalman filter based carrier tracking method is presented.In this paper,two methods to track the GNSS carrier are compared,one is base on normal Kalman filter, another is based on square-root Kalman filter. The paper analyzes the under performance in the low carrier-to-noise ratio, and the expenditure of the actual project exists, but the high carrier to noise less discussed than the case will appear.The analyse and simulation result can be used to guide the engineering design of the GNSS receiver.
Research of Sea Clutter Suppression Algorithm Based on GPU
Authors: Guo Yan , Li Shi Dan , Wang De Sheng
Published: December 2012

This paper presents an algorithm of sea clutter suppression using graphics processing unit (GPU) to meet the real-time requirement in the general radar terminal system. The main idea is to convert an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter to a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, which is suitable for the parallelization processing of GPU. Finally, the converted FIR filter algorithm is implemented on the GPU efficiently, achieving a speed approximately twice as fast as that of the previous IIR filter algorithm implemented on the CPU.
A Novel Spoofing Mitigation Method of GNSS Receiver
Authors: Zhang Wen Ming
Published: December 2012

Spoofing is more malignant to GNSS receiver than noise jamming, both military and civil GNSS users need to detect and avoid spoofing. This paper presents a novel spoofing mitigation method based on multi-antenna receiver architecture. The algorithm strengthen the authentic signals in noise jamming environment, and the algorithm will place null in the direction of spoofer and reset the receiver to tracking the authentic signals when spoofing attack successfully. The rule to distinguish spoofing signal from authentic signal is spoofing transmitters often transmit several signals from the same antenna. The strategy and performance of the proposed method is independent of the spoofer’s complexity and ability. Computer simulation confirm the availability of the algorithm.
Bridging a Gap in Independent Component Analysis
Authors: Dong Guo Hua , Li Yan , Hu De Wen
Published: December 2012

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a powerful method which aims at representing a given random signal as a sum of independent sources. The engineering community, however, works at the distribution function or characteristic function level while makes assertions at the random variable level. This legitimacy of this jump has never been established and consists of a longstanding gap in the ICA literature. In this paper, it is proved that existence of a factorization of characteristic function does imply existence of a corresponding decomposition of random variable into independent sum and thus the gap is bridged. The proof relies on two nontrivial results from probability theory.
An Improved Cohen-Sutherland Region Encoding Algorithm
Authors: Wei Wei , Ma Pei Hua , Lin Wei
Published: December 2012

Through the arduous study of the famous Cohen-Sutherland algorithm, this paper proposes a novel improved algorithm by analyzing its main flaw in efficiency. The line segment without the clipping window will be rejected in our algorithm. By means of adding auxiliary straight-line, this algorithm efficiently calculates intersection points between line and the boundary of clipping window. Thus, this improved algorithm is simple, improving its clipping efficiency and reaching the desired results.