bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Quality Improvement Study of Pharmacist-Directed Vancomycin Dosing Among Adult Home Infusion Patients
Authors:   CarepathRx, Meredith Claire , Frey Leita , George Shelby , Zielke Megan
Published: February 2025

Background
Vancomycin is widely used to treat gram-positive infections. Vancomycin therapy is accompanied by the clinical monitoring of trough levels in order to maintain therapeutic efficacy and patient safety. The home infusion patients receiving vancomycin therapy may undergo physiologic changes from inpatient care to home infusion that could affect their response to therapy. Home infusion pharmacists are uniquely positioned to facilitate continued acute monitoring, assess pharmacokinetic changes, and further support the patient transitioning to the post-acute care setting. There is insufficient data regarding the impact of pharmacist-directed vancomycin dosing and utilizing a standardized protocol within the home infusion setting. Using results from this study, this institution intends to demonstrate the value that pharmacists have in recommending therapeutic adjustments, developing a formal pharmacist-directed dosing protocol, and providing education to clinical pharmacists about the use of that protocol.

Methods
This retrospective, quality improvement study characterized data from patients receiving pharmacist directed vancomycin dosing. This study included patients ≥18 years of age who received vancomycin dosed to a goal trough of 15-20 mg/L and were on service between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacist-directed vancomycin therapy in a home infusion setting by analyzing rates of therapeutic trough levels, duration of therapy, and resolution of infection. The secondary objective of this study was to evaluate safety outcomes in patients receiving vancomycin in a home infusion setting by analyzing the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Results
Thirty-one patients met the inclusion criteria for retrospective analysis. Eighteen patients (58.06%) experienced resolution of infection. Of the patients who did not meet the criteria for resolution of infection, 11 (78.6%) had therapeutic extensions. The median duration for therapeutic extensions was 12 days. The average trough with pharmacist-directed dosing was 16.71 ± 4.84 mg/mL. When assessing the secondary outcomes of patients with supratherapeutic troughs, it was reported that 4 patients (13%) experienced adverse safety events. Two patients (6.5%) experienced AKI secondary to vancomycin therapy. Both patients had supratherapeutic vancomycin troughs at the time of AKI appearance.

Conclusion
Pharmacist-directed dosing led to sustained improvements in therapeutic troughs and maintained a low incidence of AKI.

Keywords: Vancomycin, pharmacokinetic dosing, clinical monitoring, antibiotic, infectious disease, home infusion
Stakeholders’ participation in the cost reduction strategy of a business firm; case study: Zain Uganda
Authors:   ,   Uganda Martyrs University, Akila Ar Major
Published: February 2025

This research is about cost cutting strategies in a business firm, with an aim of making profit and grows tremendously. The study sought to find out the extent to which stakeholders participated in cost reduction plans or the contribution they would bring to that effect. The primary objective in a business firm is to make good profits. Economists generally say that the positive difference between TR and TC means gold. The problem stands that despite all the effort to implement the cost reduction strategy, not much of the expectations have been realized even when stakeholders have been involved in the implementation plans. The purpose of the study was to establish how much stakeholders could contribute to the cost saving strategy, if they were to be properly involved in the plan. The objectives of the study were to examine the role played by the workforce in the Cost cutting plans, to establish the ways in which the company’s Management systems approach or implement the cost cutting strategy, to find out how much the Service providers or contractors contribute to the cost management of their client and to find out the effect of Budgets on the operational systems in respect to the cost saving strategy. The methodology used involved a research design that gave a direction of approach to the field visit and data acquisition. The research instruments used included questionnaires, interview guide, phones and notebooks to gather the info. The findings showed that only a few stakeholders are involved in the strategy which affects the successful implementation. Decisions made excluding other stakeholders are responsible for the poor results. The recommendations are that all stakeholders must stake part in the cost strategic planning and and implementations and performance rewarded, if something substantial is to be realized.
Evaluating the impediments in the effective performance of pension schemes; case study: NSSF Uganda
Authors:   ,   Uganda Martyrs University, Ahikiriza Gloria
Published: February 2025

Well-functioning regulatory, investment and governance strategies usually result into an effective pension scheme. In this context, a study was carried out to examine the impediments affecting the effective performance of pension schemes in Uganda; a case of NSSF Uganda. The specific objectives were to establish the effects of regulatory, investment and governance impediments on the effective performance of pension schemes in Uganda. The study adopted a case study design in which both qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied. There were 96 NSSF staff and 11 pension sector actors that responded to the study. Data was analysed using SPSS programme to generate descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression results. Likert scale was used to find out the views of NSSF staff on regulatory impediments, investment impediments, governance impediments and the performance of pension scheme at NSSF Uganda. The study findings revealed that regulatory impediments had a moderate negative effect on the effective performance of pension scheme at NSSF Uganda (β=- 0.232) after performance of a multiple linear regression analysis. Correlation analysis results showed that there was a moderate negative correlation between regulatory impediments and effective performance of pension scheme at NSSF Uganda (r=-0.223*, p<0.05). Results further showed that investment impediments had a moderate negative effect on the effective performance of pension scheme at NSSF Uganda (β=-0.234). Correlation analysis results showed a moderate negative correlation between investment impediments and effective performance of pension scheme at NSSF Uganda (r=-0.198*, p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that governance impediments also had a weak negative effect on the effective performance of pension scheme at NSSF Uganda (β=-0.078) although it was statistically insignificant. On the other hand, Pearson Correlation coefficient (r) showed that there was a moderate negative correlation between governance impediments and effective performance of pension scheme at NSSF Uganda (r=-0.107*, p<0.05). Qualitative data confirmed governance impediments had a significant effect on the effective performance of pension scheme at NSSF Uganda. In conclusion, the study findings revealed that regulatory, investment and governance impediments had a significant negative effect on the effective performance of NSSF pension scheme. This therefore calls for strategies to minimise or eliminate the effect of these impediments. To this end therefore, the study recommends; harmonization of conflicts between the NSSF act 1985 and URBRA act 2011, lobbying for increased investment opportunities and electing of pension contributor representative on the NSSF board.
URI
על המקום והשפה של האקדמיה בישראל: שיחה
Authors: בן–דור בנית צבי , חלוזין–דברת לין
Published: February 2025

שיחה בין צבי בן-דור בנית ולין חלוזין-דברת, שני חוקרים שגם עוסקים בפעילות פוליטית בתוך האוניברסיטה ומחוץ לה, כדי שממקומותיהם הגיאוגרפיים והדיסציפלינריים השונים – האחד במחלקה ללימודי מזרח תיכון ואסלאם באוניברסיטת ניו יורק, האחת במכון להיסטוריה ופילוסופיה של המדעים והרעיונות באוניברסיטת תל אביב – יחשבו יחד על מקומה של האקדמיה בישראל בין צפון לדרום. בן-דור בנית בוחן את האוניברסיטה בישראל בהקשרה האסיאתי ורואה בה, מאז הקמת האוניברסיטה העברית ב-1925 ועד ימינו, אוניברסיטה מנוכרת – בניגוד לאוניברסיטאות באסיה (ובפרט בהודו ובסין), שבמהלך מאה השנים האחרונות הפכו לאוניברסיטאות מנוכרות פחות, כאלה שמארחות גופי ידע מסורתיים ומכניסות לשעריהן ציבורים רחבים יותר ורואות בהם סובייקטים לגיטימיים של ידע. בן-דור בנית פונה אל המשורר רבינדרנת טאגור ולאוניברסיטה המזרחית שהקים ומתאר אותה כדגם של אוניברסיטה מקומית מכניסת אורחים. חלוזין-דברת בוחנת את האקדמיה בישראל מבעד לשאלת השפה – אקדמיה שהיא אמנם פריפריאלית ודוברת עברית, אך מכחישה בתוקף את הפריפריאליות שלה ומדמיינת את עצמה כחלק ממרכז הגמוני דובר אנגלית. היא תוהה על משמעויותיו של הפער שנוצר בין שפת המחקר והמדע לשפה של חיי היומיום ושל המשא ומגע החברתי, ועוקבת אחר הוויכוח שניטש לאחרונה על מחויבותה של האקדמיה בישראל לעברית – ויכוח שמתקיים בין עמדה לאומית פטריוטית, המבכרת את העברית כשפת הקוממיות של העם היהודי בארצו, ובין עמדה גלובליסטית אוניברסלית המבכרת את האנגלית בשיתופי פעולה מחקריים; היא רואה בכך ויכוח מדומה בין שני קטבים שאינם אלא דגשים שונים בתוך עמדה הגמונית ניאו-ליברלית לאומנית אחת, שלעומתה יש להציע עמדה שונה של אקדמיה בפריפריה. השיחה בין השניים נעה בין ביקורת האקדמיה משוללת המקום והשפה בישראל ובין האפשרות לדמיין כאן אוניברסיטה מסוג אחר.
Multilingual Spoken Language
Recognition Using Machine Learning
Algorithms
Authors:   Electronic  Telecommunication, P, Nandkumar Gore Pratik , Tukaram Bawadane Subhash , Sanjay Ingale Sahil , G Watve S
Published: February 2025

Machine learning algorithms are being studied to develop algorithms that can recognize and segment languages in audio recordings. This technology has great potential to improve our ability to communicate and understand different language communities. The main goal of multilingual recognition is to develop models that can accurately recognize spoken language. This is especially useful in applications such as call centers and voice assistants. Speech patterns found in online podcasts, audiobooks and its variants in Speech Corpus. This corpus contains utterances and each takes an equal time of 10 seconds. The entire corpus is divided into two parts, a large object as a training data set and a small one as a test set. Thus, an acoustic model that uses the mean values of the BFCC appears to be an appropriate method for speech recognition. The system uses Convolutional K Nearest Neighbors (KNN) to solve the multiple classification problem. The aim of the project is to know Punjabi, Hindi and Gujarati.
Vijaydan Detha : Pioneer of the renaissance of Rajasthani folk tales
Authors:   सहायक आचार्य , राजकीय महाविद्यालय बीरमाना, श्री गंगानगर, Kumar Manoj
Published: February 2025

यह शोधपत्र राजस्थान की लोककथाओं के पुनरुद्धार में विजयदान देथा की परिवर्तनकारी भूमिका का परीक्षण करता है, जिसमें पारंपरिक मौखिक कथाओं का दस्तावेजीकरण और पुनर्व्याख्या शामिल है। 'बातां री फुलवारी' जैसे प्रमुख ग्रंथों और देथा एवं सिंह के सहयोगी कार्यों के साथ-साथ गुप्ता, शर्मा, राव एवं अन्य विद्वानों के विश्लेषणों पर आधारित यह अध्ययन इस बात की पड़ताल करता है कि देथा की अभिनव विधियाँ किस प्रकार मौखिक और लिखित परंपराओं के बीच सेतु का कार्य करती हैं। गुणात्मक सामग्री विश्लेषण पद्धति का उपयोग करते हुए, शोध उनके कथा रणनीतियों, विषयगत पुनर्संयोजनों, और शैलीगत अनुकूलनों की जांच करता है, जिन्होंने क्षीण होती लोककथाओं को पुनर्जीवित किया और क्षेत्रीय सांस्कृतिक पहचान को सुदृढ़ किया। निष्कर्षों से ज्ञात होता है कि देथा के प्रयासों ने न केवल आवश्यक लोककथाओं को संरक्षित किया, बल्कि उन्हें समकालीन दर्शकों के लिए सुलभ एवं प्रासंगिक भी बनाया, जिससे सांस्कृतिक विरासत में नवजीवन संचारित हुआ। व्यापक सैद्धांतिक ढाँचों—कथा परिवर्तन और सांस्कृतिक पुनरुद्धार—के संदर्भ में उनके कार्य को स्थान देते हुए, यह अध्ययन देथा के योगदान के दीर्घकालिक प्रभाव को उजागर करता है।
A comparative study on gender differences in the level of multisensory approaches among hearing impaired children
Authors: Habiba Umme , Syed Kamran Ali Razi
Published: February 2025

This comparative study investigated gender differences in the level of multisensory approaches among hearing-impaired children. Research indicates that females often display a greater willingness to participate in studies, which may be influenced by cognitive abilities and societal expectations. Using the Sensory Profile Standardized Assessment Tool, this study investigates gender differences in the integration of children with hearing loss, including age, a strong family, and an education environment. Strong measurement tools and descriptive statistics reveal differences in participant success. Results indicate no significant differences between males and females regarding hearing quality, behavioral responses, or scores. Although mean scores changed little, effect sizes were small to moderate. Possible reasons for these nonsignificant findings include size limitations, within-growth differences, measurement precision issues, gender overlap, and different risk factors. While gender did not significantly impact emotional and behavioral outcomes in children with hearing impairments, subtle differences warrant further investigation. These findings highlight the complexity of individual differences in this group and emphasize the need for a nuanced approach to meet their diverse needs.
Small molecule kinase inhibitor altiratinib inhibits brain cyst forming bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Kim Yeong Hoon , Ahn Hye-Jin , Kim Hwa Sun , Nam Ho-Woo
Published: February 2025

Chronic toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites. This study assessed six candidate small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) against bradyzoites (ME49 strain), the reactivated form of the parasite resulting from the rupture of brain cysts. Bradyzoites were obtained from mouse brain cysts, cultured in ARPE-19 cells, and treated with afatinib and neratinib (HER2/HER4 inhibitors), ACTB-1003 and regorafenib (VEGFR-2 inhibitors), or altiratinib and foretinib (c-MET inhibitors). The effects on the growth of T. gondii were analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Changes in the host cells were assessed using markers for cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. All inhibitors blocked the growth of bradyzoites, although afatinib was less effective. Afatinib enhanced autophagy signals, while ACTB-1003 and neratinib affected mitochondrial biosynthesis and mitophagy. Altiratinib demonstrated an effect against bradyzoites at the lowest concentration with minimal impact on the host cells. It may be effective in blocking the reactivation of brain cysts in immunodeficiency patients caused by bradyzoites.
Dissimilatory nitrate reductions in soil Neobacillus and Bacillus strains under aerobic condition
Authors: Ahn Seohyun , Cho Min , Sadowsky Michael J. , Jang Jeonghwan
Published: February 2025

Denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) were thought to be carried-out by anaerobic bacteria constrained to anoxic conditions as they use nitrate (NO3-) as a terminal electron acceptor instead of molecular O2. Three soil bacilli, Neobacillus spp. strains PS2-9 and PS3-12 and Bacillus salipaludis PS3-36, were isolated from rice paddy field soil in Korea. The bacterial strains were selected as possible candidates performing aerobic denitrification and DNRA as they observed to reduce NO3- and produce extracellular NH4+ regardless of oxygen presence at the initial screening. Whole genome sequencing revealed that these strains possessed all the denitrification and DNRA functional genes in their genomes, including the nirK, nosZ, nirB, and nrfA genes, which were simultaneously cotranscribed under aerobic condition. The ratio between the assimilatory and dissimilatory NO3- reduction pathways depended on the availability of a nitrogen source for cell growth, other than NO3-. Based on the phenotypic and transcriptional analyses of the NO3- reductions, all three of the facultative anaerobic strains reduced NO3- likely in both assimilatory and dissimilatory pathways under both aerobic and anoxic conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report that describes coexistence of NO3- assimilation, denitrification, and DNRA in a Bacillus or Neobacillus strain under aerobic condition. These strains may play a pivotal role in the soil nitrogen cycle.
Biofilmin hallinta parodontiitin hoidossa
Authors: Leppilahti Jussi , Larsen Tove , Gussgard Anne M , Derks Jan
Published: February 2025

Parodontiitti on yksi aikuisten yleisimmistä ei-tarttuvista sairauksista. Vaikka parodontiittia pidetäänkin monitekijäisenä tulehdussairautena, sen ensisijainen syy on epätasapainoisen, dysbioottisen biofilmin aiheuttama haitallinen isännän vaste biofilmin mikrobiärsykettä kohtaan. Siksi biofilmin hallinta on ensisijainen tavoite parodontaalisairauksien ennaltaehkäisyssä (sisältäen primäärisen, sekundäärisen, ja tertiäärisen ennaltaehkäisyn) ja hoidossa. Artikkelissa käsitellään parodontiitin kliinisen hoidon lähestymistapoja ja esitetään yhteenveto European Federation of Periodontologyn (EFP) esittämästä parodontiitin hoidon suosituksesta. Artikkelissa esitetään myös tuoreimmat tiedot siitä, miten biofilmin hallinta vaikuttaa mikrobiston epätasapainoon (dysbioosiin) ja arvioidaan systeemisten antibioottien ja mikrobiologisten tutkimusten käyttöä parodontiitin hoidossa.
Hammaslangan, hammastikkujen ja hammasväliharjojen merkitys hampaiden välipintojen puhdistuksessa
Authors: Tegelberg Paula , Grétar Ólafsson Vilhelm , Bogren Anna , Damgaard Christian , Wigen Tove Irene
Published: February 2025

Bakteerien epätasapainoa, dysbioosia, hammasbiofilmissä pidetään ensisijaisena etiologisena tekijänä karieksen ja parodontaalisairauksien kehittymiselle. Pelkkä hampaiden harjaus ei poista biofilmiä hammasväleistä riittävän hyvin, oli harjausmenetelmä mikä tahansa. Nykytietämyksen mukaan hammasvälien puhdistusvälineitä on käytettävä osana päivittäistä omahoitoa, jotta biofilmivälitteisiä suusairauksia voidaan ennaltaehkäistä ja hoitaa tehokkaasti. Hammaslanka on yleisimmin käytetty ja laajimmin tutkittu hammasvälien puhdistusväline. Tutkimusten mukaan kuitenkin hammasväliharjan on todettu olevan tehokkain väline hammasvälien puhdistamiseen. Hammasväliharjojen käyttöä suositellaan erityisesti parodontiittipotilaille, joilla hammasvälit voivat olla laajoja. Tutkimusnäyttö hammaslangan ja erityyppisten hammastikkujen tehosta suusairauksien ehkäisyssä on vähäinen. Hammasvälien puhdistus on monivaiheinen prosessi, joka vaatii hyvää hienomotoriikkaa. Puhdistusmenetelmän valinnassa tulee huomioida hammasvälien ominaisuudet yksilökohtaisesti. Siksi suun terveydenhuollon ammattilaisen tehtävänä on auttaa potilasta valitsemaan sopivimmat puhdistusvälineet ja opastaa niiden käytössä.
Mitä suun biofilmivälitteisistä taudeista tiedetään?
Authors: Stangvaltaite-Mouhat Lina , Grönroos Lisa , Ekstrand Kim , Buhlin Kåre
Published: February 2025

Kahta yleisintä suusairautta, kariesta ja parodontaalisairauksia, pidetään uusimpien määritelmien mukaan ei-tarttuvina sairauksina, jotka biofilmi aiheuttaa. Molemmat taudit olivat yleisiä 1970-luvulla kaikissa Pohjoismaissa, mutta nykyään karieksen ilmaantuvuus on nuorilla vähäistä, kun taas ientulehdusta ja parodontaalisairauksia esiintyy yhä paljon pohjoismaisissa aikuisväestöissä. Näitä sairauksia esiintyy myös ikääntyneillä, koska hampaat säilyvät pidempään.Karies ja erityisesti parodontaalisairaudet liittyvät useisiin yleissairauksiin, mutta niiden välisestä suorasta syy-yhteydestä ei tiedetä vielä tarpeeksi, ja yhteys voi osittain selittyä muilla tekijöillä. Kariesta ja parodontaalisairauksia koskevan integroidun hypoteesin mukaan biofilmiä pidetään fermentoituvien hiilihydraattien ohella yhteisenä riskitekijänä. Näitä kahta suusairautta voidaan hallita samanaikaisesti huomioimalla yhteiset riskitekijät. Patogeneesin erojen vuoksi suositellaan kuitenkin erillisiä hallintamenetelmiä, jotka ovat olennainen osa hammaslääkärien työtä Pohjoismaissa. Sekä karieksen että parodontiitin etiologia ja patogeneesi tunnetaan hyvin. Tärkeintä niiden torjunnassa ovat riittävä suuhygienia ja fermentoituvien hiilihydraattien välttäminen.
The diagnostic accuracy of depth prediction for lipomas by preoperative imaging with distribution according to anatomical site in Korea: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Kim Geon Hwi , Lee Jong Hun
Published: February 2025

Background: Lipomas are common benign connective-tissue tumors that usually present as slow-growing, painless, subcutaneous masses. Deeper variants, such as intramuscular, intermuscular, and submuscular lipomas, are larger and rarer. Accurate preoperative depth determination is crucial for planning appropriate surgical resection.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 190 lipoma cases treated at a single medical center from January 2013 to August 2023. The accuracy of preoperative imaging techniques–ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–in predicting lipoma depth was assessed.Results: USG, CT, and MRI showed accuracies of 72.5%, 56.5%, and 79.3%, respectively, with MRI showing the highest predictive accuracy. The trunk was the most common site for lipomas (49.5%), followed by the upper (20.5%) and lower extremities (13.2%). USG was more accurate for lipomas in the lower extremities and neck, whereas CT was less accurate for lipomas in the trunk.Conclusion: MRI is preferable for the preoperative depth assessment of lipomas, especially those located in the trunk. Accurate imaging is essential for guiding surgical planning and avoiding complications. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate our findings.
Éditions et appropriations des Mémoires de Gaspard de Saulx de Jean de Saulx (XVIIe-début XIXe siècles)1
Authors: Palumu Annarita
Published: February 2025

Les Mémoires de Gaspard de Saulx de Jean de Saulx est un ouvrage bigarré, issu probablement de l’assemblage de projets d’écriture différents, organisé originairement autour de réflexions philosophiques et morales. Imprimé pendant les années 1620, l’ouvrage est réimprimé ensuite à Lyon, entre 1653 et 1658, par Christophe Fourmy. Les vicissitudes de cette édition, connues grâce à la correspondance du médecin Guy Patin, montrent l’intérêt suscité à l’époque par ces textes donnant accès aux coulisses du pouvoir. L’ouvrage est à nouveau édité par Alexandre Bellier-Duchesnay qui, débarrassant le texte de toute réflexion morale, le réorganise en quatre parties, pour en faire ressortir la dimension exclusivement historique. En 1822, Claude-Bernard Petitot réédite le texte tout en maintenant cette même organisation, ce qui transforme définitivement cet ouvrage hétéroclite en un texte historique. L’article se propose de parcourir les étapes de l’évolution de ce texte au fil des éditions afin d’examiner les caractéristiques des appropriations successives.
RAZLIKE U MOTORIČKIM SPOSOBNOSTIMA STUDENATA FAKULTETA BEZBJEDNOSNIH NAUKA NA OSNOVU BMI
Authors: Kovačević Saša , Paspalj Darko , Rađević Nenad , Vulin Lazar
Published: February 2025

Na uzorku od 305 ispitanika, studenata Fakulteta bezbjednosnih nauka Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci, kao predstavnika populacije policajaca uzrasta od 19 do 20 godina, izvršeno istraživanje sa ciljem da se utvrde razlike u motoričkim sposobnostima u zavisnosti od vrijednosti indeksa tjelesne mase. Dijagnostifikovanje stanja Indeksa mase tijela (BMI), kao osnovne mjere za procjenu tjelesnog statusa i stanja uhranjenosti, podvrgnuto je Kluster analizi, da bi se, definisalo šest kategorija ispitanika, kao kao hipotetski karakterističnih u odnosu na specifiku ispitivane populacije. U odnosu na zdravstveno – epidemiološke standarde svetske zdravstvene federacije, prihvaćena je univerzalna kategorizacija vrijednosti BMI: podhranjene osobe, normalno uhranjene osobe, preuhranjene osobe ili osobe sa prekomjernom tjelesnom težinom, predgojazne osobe (lakši stepen gojaznosti), gojazne osobe (srednji stepen gojaznosti) i patološki gojazne osobe. Centralne vrednosti izdvojenih klustera BMI ispitivanog uzorka bile susljedeće: BMI klastera 1 = 18.70 kg/m2, klastera 2 = 20.61 kg/m2, klastera 3 = 22.16 kg/m2, klastera 4 = 23.83 kg/m2, klastera 5 = 25.81 kg/m2 i klastera 6 = 27.38 kg/m2. U prvom klusteru je izdvojeno 8 ispitanika ili 2,6% ispitivane populacije, u drugom klusteru 57 ispitanika ili 18.7%, u trećem 68 ispitanika ili 22.3%, u četvrtom 138 nispitanika ili 45.2%, u petom 22 ispitanika ili 7.2 % i u šestom 12 ispitanika ili 3.9 % testirane populacije. Rezultati dobijeni ovim istraživanjem ukazuju na postojanje razlika u motoričkim sposobnostima između definisanih kategorija ispitanika kod varijabli: Skok udalj iz mjesta (MSDM) – namijenjene za procjenu eksplozivne snage donjih ekstremiteta i Kuperov test trčanja 12 minuta (MKUP) – namijenjene za procjenu aerobne izdržljivosti, dok se kod varijable maksimalan broj podizanja trupa (MPTR) – namijenjene za procjenu dinamičke snage trupa, nalazi na granici statističke značajnosti.
BENEFITI RAZLIČITIH VRSTA SKIJANJA NA ZDRAVLJE LJUDI
Authors: Stanišić Srećko , Lešnik Blaz , Kovačević Saša
Published: February 2025

Cilj: Ovaj pregled ima za cilj da sintetizuje aktuelna istraživanja o uticaju skijaških aktivnosti – alpskog, trčanja i rekreacije – na zdravlje kardiovaskularnog sistema i fizičku spremnost kod starije populacije. Metod: Sveobuhvatan pregled literature je sproveden koris ćenjem baza podataka kao s to su PubMed i Google Scholar, birajući studije na osnovu vrste intervencije, starosne grupe uc esnika i datuma objavljivanja. Rezultati: Pregled je identifikovao značajne prednosti skijaških aktivnosti na parametre kardiovaskularnog zdravlja, ukljuc ujući poboljs anje krvnog pritiska, profila lipida i smanjenih faktora rizika za bolesti koronarnih arterija. S tavis e, utvrđeno je da skijanje poboljs ava aspekte fizic ke kondicije kao s to su mis ićna snaga, ravnoteža i aerobni kapacitet kod osoba starijih od 60 godina. Zaključak: Sugeriše se da skijanje, bilo alpsko, nordijsko ili rekreativno, može značajno da koristi kardiovaskularnom zdravlju i fizičkoj spremnosti osoba. Ovi nalazi mogu informisati profesionalce za fitnes, trenere i starije o potencijalnim zdravstvenim prednostima uključivanja skijanja u njihov režim fizičke aktivnosti.
RAZVOJ EKSPLOZIVNE SNAGE KOD UČENIKA OSNOVNOŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA
Authors: Cicović Borisav , Dragosavljević Slavko , Setiawan Edi
Published: February 2025

Cilj ovog sistematskog pregleda je istraživanje razvoja eksplozivne snage kod djece školskog uzrasta. Metod. Pretraga literature izvršena je korišćenjem baza podataka Google Scholar i PubMed. Rezultati. Analizom studija primjetna su bila značajna i konzistentna poboljšanja u ključnim parametrima eksplozivne snage, uključujući, ali ne ograničavajući se na, povećanje visine skoka, smanjenje vremena sprinta, poboljšanu agilnost, kao i veću brzinu i preciznost u realizaciji specifičnih sportskih vještina što ukazuje na potencijal treninga da doprinese boljim atletskim performansama i fizičkoj spremnosti djece. Zaključak. Studije sugerišu da strukturirani trening može značajno poboljšati eksplozivnu snagu.
UTICAJ MOTORIČKIH SPOSOBNOSTI NA USPEŠNOST U SPRINTERSKOM TRČANJU
Authors: Murić Benin , Kahrović Izet , Mekić Raid , Špirtović Omer , Čaprić Ilma , Pajović Lazar , Radenković Oliver
Published: February 2025

Motoričke sposobnosti imaju značajan uticaj na uspešnost u sprinterskom trčanju, jer omogućavaju optimalno razvijanje brzine i efikasnosti pokreta. Istraživanja pokazuju da postoji pozitivna korelacija između razvijenih motoričkih veština i boljih rezultata u sprinterskim disciplinama. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrde statistički značajne veze između motoričkih sposobnosti i pojedinačnih kriterijumskih varijabli sprinterske brzine kod srednjoškolaca uzrasta. U eksperimentu je učestvovalo 68 učenika srednjih škola u Novom Pazaru, uzrasta 15 i 16. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja, utvrđeno je da najveću korelaciju imaju motorički testovi koordinacija sa palicom (MKOR) i okretnost na tlu (MONT). Ovi nalazi ukazuju na to da su koordinacija i okretnost međusobno povezane komponente motorike, koje zajedno značajno doprinose ukupnim sportskim performansama učenika srednjih škola. Bilo bi korisno dalje istražiti kako specifični programi treninga usmereni na poboljšanje koordinacije i okretnosti mogu uticati na sprinterske performanse kod srednjoškolaca, s obzirom na to da su motorički testovi koordinacije sa palicom i okretnosti na tlu pokazali najveću korelaciju sa uspehom u sprinterskom trčanju.
ULOGA MENADŽMENTA KLUBOVA U ORGANIZACIJI, EDUKACIJI I ODABIRU SUPLEMENTACIJE I ADEKVATNE ISHRANE PLIVAČA
Authors: Gavrilović Ana , Selaković Stefan , Gajević Aco , Perović Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

Organizacija ishrane sportista predstavlјa krucijalan faktor za njihov profesionalni napredak i klјučni je deo svakodnevnog života bez kojeg je uspeh nemoguć. Sportski klubovi obraćaju posebnu pažnju na organizaciju pravilne suplementacije i ishrane. U rekreativnom sportu se često kaže da ishrana čini 70% uticaja dok vežbanje čini 30% na fizičku spremu sportista. Bez adekvatne ishrane nemoguće je da telo izdrži napore kako na treninzima tako i na samim sportskim takmičenjima. Oporavak sportista posle napornog vežbanja je uslovlјen kvalitetnom ishranom i pravilnom suplementacijom. Ovaj rad je nastao za potrebe menadžmenta Beogradskih plivačkih klubova pregledom najnovijih svetskih istraživanja u oblasti sportske iskrane i suplementacije, studenta i profesora Fakulteta za sport.
HEALTH BENEFITS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SKIING
Authors: Stanišić Srećko , Lešnik Blaz , Kovačević Saša
Published: February 2025

Objective: This review aims to synthesize current research on the impact of skiing activities-alpine, cross – country, and recreational – on cardiovascular health and physical fitness among the elderly population. Method: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, selecting studies based on intervention type, participant age group, and publication date. Results: The review identified significant benefits of skiing activities on cardiovascular health parameters, including improved blood pressure, lipid profiles, and reduced risk factors for coronary artery diseases. Furthermore, skiing was found to enhance physical fitness aspects such as muscular strength, balance, and aerobic capacity in individuals aged 60 years and older. Conclusion: The review suggests that engaging in skiing, whether alpine, cross-country, or recreational, can substantially benefit cardiovascular health and physical fitness. These findings can inform fitness professionals, coaches, and the elderly about the potential health benefits of incorporating skiing into their physical activity regimen.
Neural mechanisms of learned suppression uncovered by probing the hidden attentional priority map
Authors: Huang Changrun , van Moorselaar Dirk , Foster Joshua , Donk Mieke , Theeuwes Jan
Published: February 2025

Attentional capture by an irrelevant salient distractor is attenuated when the distractor appears more frequently in one location, suggesting learned suppression of that location. However, it remains unclear whether suppression is proactive (before attention is directed) or reactive (after attention is allocated). Here, we investigated this using a ‘pinging’ technique to probe the attentional distribution before search onset. In an EEG experiment, participants searched for a shape singleton while ignoring a color singleton distractor at a high-probability location. To reveal the hidden attentional priority map, participants also performed a continuous recall spatial memory task, with a neutral placeholder display presented before search onset. Behaviorally, search was more efficient when the distractor appeared at the high-probability location. Inverted encoding analysis of EEG data showed tuning profiles that decayed during memory maintenance but were revived by the placeholder display. Notably, tuning was most pronounced at the to-be-suppressed location, suggesting initial spatial selection followed by suppression. These findings suggest that learned distractor suppression is a reactive process, providing new insights into learned spatial distractor suppression mechanisms.
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Case Series about the Conundrum of Anaesthetic Management
Authors: Jain Mamta , Barman Lisa , Singh Anish Kumar , Popli Shilpa , Bansal Teena
Published: February 2025

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare, potentially life-threatening condition characterised by left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure, occurring in the last month of pregnancy or within five months of delivery. Anaesthetic management of PPCM poses significant challenges due to compromised cardiac function, necessitating careful planning and individualised strategies to optimise patient outcomes. This case series presents three patients with PPCM, highlighting the complexities of anaesthetic management. Multidisciplinary collaboration between anaesthesiologists, cardiologists and obstetricians was crucial in developing and implementing effective management plans. Present cases demonstrate the importance of a tailored approach to anaesthetic management, emphasising the need for close monitoring and prompt intervention to address haemodynamic instability. This series aims to contribute to the limited literature on anaesthetic management of PPCM, providing valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for optimising patient care. By sharing this experiences and lessons learned, we hope to inform and improve the management of PPCM in the perioperative period.
Genetic and Phylogenetic Characterization of Dengue Virus among Clinically Suspected Patients in Eastern India
Authors: Kumari Namrata , Kumar Rishikesh , Prasad Nidhi , Mishra Kalyani , Kumari Khushboo , Sahoo Ganesh Chandra , Kumar Sudhir , Kumar Abhay , Kumar Govind , Kumar Naresh , Kumar Rakesh , Babar Tejaswini Prasad , Kumar Shailesh , Pandey Krishna
Published: February 2025

AIM: Dengue is an acute systemic viral disease well known globally in both endemic and epidemic transmission cycles. Main aim is to study serotypes/genotypes and lineages of dengue virus (DENV) are associated with more severe outbreaks. Many reports from India have shown an association between change in DENV genotype/lineage and magnitude of the outbreak and disease severity.
Study Design. It is a hospital based cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Molecular Biology laboratory in department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science and duration study from January2021 to January 2023.
Material and Methods: This cross- sectional study was aimed to investigate the circulating DENV serotypes and genotypes in Bihar during year 2021-2023. For genetic characterization of prevalent serotypes, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used. Representative samples were sequenced for the envelope (E) gene.
Results: All four prevalent serotypes, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 were found to be circulating in Bihar with dominance of DENV-2. Mixed infection cases of DENV-2 with DENV-3 and DENV-1 with DENV-2 were also seen. Phylogenetic analysis based on C-prM gene revealed DENV-1 sequences to be 92% similar with Vietnam genotype I (2003) strain, DENV-2 isolates clustered with genotype IV of North India strains, Haryana (1996), Delhi (1996) and Jammu (1993) with 95%, 94% and 94% sequence similarity respectively. DENV-3 isolate was more closely related to genotype III of Indian origin (2003), Gwalior and Delhi with 98% and 99% sequence similarity respectively.
Conclusion: With this background data, molecular monitoring of viruses circulating in the locality provides baseline data on the circulating serotypes/ genotypes of dengue virus (DENV). So this monitoring and early detection of changes in the circulation pattern may help in the prediction of DENV outbreaks and can augment disease control efforts.
Relative Contribution of Different Bees in Aster (Callistephus chinensis L.) Pollination
Authors: Chavan Aishwarya A. , Firake Dnyaneshwar M. , Patil Chidanand S.
Published: February 2025

Aims: Many insects visit flowering plants, but it’s important to distinguish between floral visitors and effective pollinators, which is often overlooked. There is no such information available about the pollinators of Aster (Callistephus chinensis), a popular seed-propagated flowering crop in India. This study aims to assess the contribution of different bees to the plant’s reproductive success.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted over two years (2021-22 and 2022-23) at the ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Pune.
Methodology: Observations were recorded at the 50 per cent flowering stage during peak pollinator activity (11:00-12:00 hrs). To assess the relative significance of frequent bee visitors as pollinators, the pollination importance index (PII) was calculated using four factors: (1) Relative abundance (A), (2) Pollen-carrying capacity (PCC), (3) Host fidelity (F) and (4) Pollinator effectiveness (PE).
Results: The results showed that Apis florea was the predominant pollinator of Aster (57.58%) followed by Apis cerana indica (23.93%). While, the highest pollen-carrying capacity was observed in A. cerana indica (4.68 mg per bee) followed by A. florea (3.88 mg/bee). All species showed complete host fidelity to the aster and observed to contact both the stigma and the anther while foraging on aster. The highest Pollination Importance Value (PIV) and Pollination Importance Index (PII) was recorded for A. florea (223.31, 64.77%, respectively) followed by A. cerana indica (111.92, 32.44%, respectively). While other species show comparatively lesser values.
Conclusion: The PIV and PII indicated that A. florea was the most efficient pollinator of Aster compared to A. cerana indica. Other pollinators also contributed to Aster pollination but in lesser extent. Therefore it is also necessary to conserve other pollinators along with honey bees. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing pollination management in commercial Aster cultivation, promoting the use of effective pollinator species to improve crop yields.
Medicinal Plants with Antifilarial Activity: A Review
Authors: Korsah Samuel , Apenteng John Antwi , Nortey Nathaniel Nene Djangmah , Tagoe Miriam , Adofo Prince Baffour , Owusu Frederick William Akuffo
Published: February 2025

Aim: Lymphatic filariasis is a significant global health issue. Their endemicity affects present-day subtropical regions, particularly those in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Currently, the primary antifilarial medications used to control human filariasis are diethylcarbamazine (DEC), ivermectin, and albendazole. Diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin are microfilaricidal drugs, causing adverse reactions and resistance, prompting the search for safer and effective alternatives. The objective of this study is to review plants and isolated compounds with filaricidal activity.
Methodology: Several electronic databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, were used to gather pertinent data on Lymphatic filariasis, medicinal plants, plant constituents, traditional uses of chosen medicinal plants, and some pure compound isolates of many chosen medicinal plants that have been shown to have filaricidal potencies using In vitro and In vivo models. Several plants, notably: Pongamia pinnata, Sphaeranthus indicus, Quisqualis indica and Terminalia bellerica showed activity against filarial infections at dose/ %inhibition of 250µg/mL, 1mg/ml, 34.50µg/mL and 27mg/ml respectively against adult parasitic stages.
Conclusion: The results suggest plants as a promising source for antifilarial agents. Further research is needed to establish their mechanisms of action, toxicities and clinical potentials. The leaves were primarily used for extraction due to easy accessibility. The Fabaceae family contains the most plants with anti-filarial activity.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Voelker Rebecca
Published: February 2025

This JAMA Patient Page describes peptic ulcers and their causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Microstructure Evolution and Brazing Mechanism of AgCuTi Alloy Vacuum Brazed Corundum–Mullite Ceramic and Mo Joint
Authors: Mingyuan Zhao , Sujuan Zhong , Jian Qin , Wei Dong
Published: February 2025

The corundum–mullite ceramic and Mo are successfully joined using AgCuTi filler metal via vacuum brazing. This article investigates the effects of brazing temperature and holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the brazed joints. The interface phase composition of brazed joints includes TiO/Ti3(Cu,Al)3O, Cu(s.s), Ag(s.s), and amorphous Ag–Mo. The TiO phase is first formed on the ceramic base material side, and the continuous diffusion of Ti and Cu from the filler alloy toward the ceramic side promotes the transformation of the TiO phase into Ti3(Cu,Al)3O. An increase in brazing temperature facilitates the metallurgical bonding between the base material and the filler metal, and the homogenization of Ag(s.s) and Cu(s.s) phases in the central region of the brazed joint improves. The holding time significantly affects the interdiffusion and dissolution between the base material and the filler metal. Prolonging the holding time enhances the dissolution and diffusion of the filler metal, gradually increasing the thickness of the brazed seam. Under the brazing conditions of 870 °C and a holding time of 30 min, the brazed joint achieves a maximum shear strength of 65.7 MPa.
Plasma‐Induced Maskless Formation of Quasi‐Periodic Nanoripples on Polymeric Substrates
Authors: Kastania Athina S. , Mouchtouris Sotiris , Stai Eleni , Zeniou Angelos , Kokkoris George , Constantoudis Vassilios , Tsavalas Pavlos , Mergia Konstantina , Gogolides Evangelos , Tserepi Angeliki
Published: February 2025

Quasi‐periodic nanostructures on a variety of materials have recently attracted tremendous attention due to their capability to dramatically change the materials’ surface performance and enable a variety of applications. In reported studies, materials are nanostructured by “exotic” preparation strategies such as self‐assembly, cluster ion beams, and femtosecond lasers, not necessarily providing rapid, large‐area, and scalable fabrication based on a widespread technology. Herein, reactive plasma etching is proposed as a conventional technological route for maskless, large‐area, and mass production of quasi‐periodic nanoripples formed on the bottom, adjacent to the electrode, area of polymeric substrates perpendicularly oriented with respect to the electrode. To provide a justification basis for the proposed strategy, a comprehensive modeling framework is employed for the calculation of particle trajectories, which predict the angular and energy distribution of ions reaching the perpendicular substrate. These distributions show ions impinging on the area adjacent to the electrode with high off‐normal angles and high energies, favoring the formation of nanoripples. The density of the formed nanoripples and the degree of their quasi‐periodicity are dependent on ion density, processing time, and the polymer material, enabling the control of such plasma‐induced periodic surface structures that can be paramount for a wide spectrum of applications.
Magnetic Switching in Monolayer 2D Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors via Spin‐to‐Spin Conversion
Authors: Chen Siwei , Tang Zitao , Fang Mengqi , Sun Rui , Zhang Xiaotong , Xiao Licheng , Mohajerani Seyed Sepehr , Liu Na , Zhang Yuze , Sarkar Abdus Salam , Sun Dali , Strauf Stefan , Yang Eui Hyeok
Published: February 2025

The integration of 2D van der Waals (vdW) magnets with topological insulators or heavy metals holds great potential for realizing next‐generation spintronic memory devices. However, achieving high‐efficiency spin–orbit torque (SOT) switching of monolayer vdW magnets at room temperature poses a significant challenge, particularly without an external magnetic field. Here, it is shown field‐free, deterministic, and nonvolatile SOT switching of perpendicular magnetization in the monolayer, diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS), Fe‐doped MoS2 (Fe:MoS2) at up to 380 K with a current density of ≈7 × 104 A cm−2. The in situ doping of Fe into monolayer MoS2 via chemical vapor deposition and the geometry‐induced strain in the crystal break the rotational switching symmetry in Fe:MoS2, promoting field‐free SOT switching by generating out‐of‐plane spins via spin‐to‐spin conversion. An apparent anomalous Hall effect (AHE) loop shift at a zero in‐plane magnetic field verifies the existence of z spins in Fe:MoS2, inducing an antidamping‐like torque that facilitates field‐free SOT switching. This field‐free SOT application using a 2D ferromagnetic monolayer provides a new pathway for developing highly power‐efficient spintronic memory devices.
Plasma‐Induced Geometry Engineering in High‐Entropy Oxide Composites for Superior Electromagnetic Absorption
Authors: Lei Bosen , Zhou Cheng , Zhang Kaini , Li Junwei , Miao Huanran , Wang Huai , Fan Qikui , Yang Zhimao , Wang Ge , Li Yong , Kong Chuncai
Published: February 2025

The dielectric and magnetic coexistence behavior of high entropy oxides (HEOs) injects infinite dynamism in promoting electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, but precisely constructing their regular geometries at the nanoscale remains challenging. Herein, the controlled preparation of reduced graphite oxide loaded (CoFeNiCuMn)O with various geometries by a rapid plasma process is reported. Modifying only the metal content of the precursor can effectively influence the morphology and dielectric properties of the resulting derivatives, achieving well‐matched impedance and ensuring outstanding absorption performance. The results show that the truncated octahedral HEO/RGO composite exhibits the strongest absorbing capacity, with a minimum reflection loss of −57 dB at 14.1 GHz and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth covering 4.13 GHz. Moreover, the constitutive relationship between the multi‐element synergies of high entropy oxides and the microwave absorption characteristics is systematically explored, and the absorbing mechanism is proposed. Delayed wireless charging time and the simulated values of RCS less than −10 dBm2 at the whole detection angles further demonstrate its dissipation capability in practical application scenarios. This study not only enriches the variety of lightweight and efficient absorbing materials but also guides for the new configuration design of HEOs.
Atomically Engineered Trimetallic Nanoclusters Toward Enhanced Photoluminescence and Photoinitiation Activity
Authors: Liu Xu , Tang Jin , Zhao Fangming , Zhou Meng , Ye Siyang , Hong Daocheng , Tian Yuxi , Zhao Yue , Huang Shuangshuang , Tian Fan , Song Tongxin , Cai Xiao , Tian Yiqi , Zhang Wei , Li Qi , Zhu Yan
Published: February 2025

Precise doping is of vital significance for atomic engineering and the establishment of structure‐property relationships in nanocluster (NC) chemistry. Herein, two novel trimetallic MAu18Cd3 (M = Pd/Pt) NCs that are derived from M‐doped Au25 templates of MAu24 are reported, in which the central doping of M atom and the surface‐motif doping of Cd atoms are concurrently achieved. Compared to the original templates, Cd‐induced surface engineering enhances the rigidity of the structural framework and enlarges the HOMO‐LUMO gaps of the MAu18Cd3, significantly improving photoluminescent efficiency by suppressing nonradiative relaxation. The critical role of the central M (Pd/Pt) dopant in photoluminescence, which regulates the rate of radiative decay of excited‐state electrons, has also been substantiated. More notably, the doped case of PtAu18Cd3 exhibits excellent photoinitiation activity in 3D two‐photon printing with a high resolution of ≈140 nm, which may be attributed to the prolonged excited state. Overall, this work provides a generalized routine for the precise synthesis of multi‐metal NCs with concurrent enhancements in photoluminescence and photoinitiation activity, which is expected to stimulate further research for the design and preparation of multi‐functional, multi‐metal NCs.