bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Hastag (#) Dalam Social Media Sebagai Upaya Branding Pustakawan
Authors: Mustofa Mustofa
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat dalam menciptakan branding pustakawan dengan menggunakan hashtag. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah studi literatur. Dalam  memanfaatkan dan membuat hashtag yang baik  ada beberapa tips, antara lain adalah: 1) Membuat hashtag dengan menggunakan kata sesederhana mungkin dan mudah diingat serta usahakan kurang dari tiga kata. 2) Jika menggunakan dua kata atau lebih maka gunakan  format “Camel Case”. Ide ini merupakan penggabungan dua kata tanpa menggunakan spasi dan penggunakan huruf kapital pada awal kata.  3) Tentukan maksud dan tujuan menggunakan hashtag, sehingga pemilihan kata untuk hashtag akan lebih familiar. Hashtag ini fungsinya untuk mengelompokkan atau mengkategorikan jenis postingan. Selain dapat digunakan sebagai branding, hashtag juga memiliki manfaat bagi pustakawan pengguna media sosial, yaitu: 1) Mempermudah semua orang menemukan postingan, 2) Mempermudah pencarian lokasi, 3) Mempermudah promosi produk, 4) Menjangkau konsumen lebih luas, 5) Mendapat banyak followers/like. Untuk  mengenalkan profil pustakawam yang profesional, ada dua cara yaitu: 1) Seorang pustakawan boleh membuat hashtag sendiri yang unik dan berbeda,  tujuannya agar dapat viral dan dikenal di dunia maya. 2) Menggunakan hashtag yang sudah pernah digunakan atau dengan sistem mengekor.
Perilaku Pencarian Informasi Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Ilmu Sosial Di Perpustakaan Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia
Authors: Ridlo Muhammad Rasyid , Pasaribu Ida Mariani , Tarigan Herry Fernando
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui perilaku pencarian informasi oleh mahasiswa tingkat akhir Fakultas Ekonomi dan Ilmu Sosial di Perpustakaan Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka analisis berdasarkan model tahapan perilaku pencarian informasi oleh David Ellis yakni terdiri dari: Starting, Chaining, Browsing, Differentiating, Monitoring, Extracting dan ending. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, terdapat kesamaan tahapan-tahapan kegiatan pencarian informasi menurut model yang dikemukakan oleh David Ellis dengan perilaku pencarian informasi yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa tingkat akhir Fakultas Ekonomi dan Ilmu Sosial Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia.
Kompetensi Literasi Informasi Mahasiswa (Studi Kasus di Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta)
Authors: Masriyatun Masriyatun
Published: August 2020

Kompetensi literasi informasi pernah diteliti oleh Association of College & Research Libraries Standards Committee dan hasilnya diakui oleh The Board of Directors of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL). Literasi informasi telah menjadi sebuah program wajib di berbagai lembaga, khususnya perpustakaan. Jenis penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Jumlah populasi 220 dengan sampel 22. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi dan kuesioner. Adapun Teknik analisis dengan menggunakan SPSS 22. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui komnpetenasi literasi informasi mahasiswa. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan, hasil yang diketahui bahwa variable kompetenasi literasi informasi mahasiswa di UPT Perpustakaan UNS dikategorikan sedang yaitu sejumlah 14 orang atau 59,1%.
Urgensi Perpustakaan Kampus sebagai Media Keterbukaan Informasi Publik dalam Mencerdaskan Bangsa
Authors: Rosyid Moh.
Published: August 2020

Tujuan ditulisnya naskah ini mengevaluasi peran manajemen pelayanan perpustakaan kampus, sudahkah memenuhi UU No 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik (KIP) berpijak pada UU No 43 Tahun 2007 tentang Perpustakaan. Hal mendasar yang harus dipahami pustakawan kampus bahwa kewajiban Badan Publik (kampus) (1) menyediakan dan melayani permintaan informasi secara cepat, tepat waktu, biaya ringan/proporsional, dan cara sederhana; (2) membenahi sistem dokumentasi dan pelayanan informasi, (3) wajib membuka akses bagi setiap pemohon informasi publik (IP) untuk mendapatkan IP kecuali menghambat proses penegakan hukum, mengganggu kepentingan perlindungan hak atas kekayaan intelektual dan perlindungan dari persaingan usaha tidak sehat; membahayakan pertahanan dan keamanan negara, merugikan ketahanan ekonomi nasional dan kepentingan hubungan luar negeri, dan mengungkap rahasia pribadi. Ada pula hal yang boleh dipublis sesuai muatan UU KIP. Perpustakaan sudah saatnya sebagai sumber informasi tulis dan digital, tidak hanya sumber referensi ilmiah juga dinamika kampus dan produk hukum menyangkut kampus dengan kemudahan mengakses bagi publik, terutama era digital. Kemudahan mengakses sumber data/informasi di perpustakaan kampus dengan kecanggihan teknologi informasi sebagai wujud peran serta perpustakaan ikut mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, tidak hanya mahasiswanya. Pelayanan yang tidak dibatasi ruang dan waktu sebagai langkah mengikuti dinamika global di era digital hingga terwujudnya kecerdasan anak bangsa.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Pustakawan Terhadap Kualitas Layanan di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Arsip Kota Bima
Authors: Syahruramadhan Syahruramadhan , Saleh Noer Jihad , M M. Dahlan
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang Pengaruh Kompetensi Pustakawan terhadap Kualitas Layanan di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Arsip Kota Bima dengan tujuan untuk: 1) Mengetahui Bagaimana Kompetensi Pustakawan di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Arsip Kota Bima, 2) Untuk mengetahui Bagaimana Kualitas Layanan di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Arsip Kota Bima, 3) c.       Untuk mengetahui Sejauh Mana Pengaruh Kompetensi Pustakawan Terhadap Kualitas Layanan di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Arsip Kota Bima.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, yang berlokasi di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Arsip Kota Bima dengan menggunakan pendekatan manajerial. Pendekatan manajerial adalah sebuah pendekatan yang bersifat sistematis dan teratur dalam menyusun dan melibatkan unsur-unsur yang terpadu untuk melihat pengaruh kompetensi pustakawan terhadap kualitas layanan. Penelitian ini terdiri atas satu variabel independen dan satu variabel, populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh masyarakat Kota Bima yang berkunjung ke perpustakaan selama penelitian berlangsung. Teknik penarikan sampel yang dipilih adalah Accidental sampling yakni teknik yang dilakukan dengan cara menentukan siapa saja yang kebetulan ditemui oleh peneliti dan dipandang tepat untuk mewakili sebuah populasi.

Hasil penelitian yang didapat dari pengumpulan data melalui observasi, angket dan dokumentasi yang diolah menggunakan SPSS, diketahui bahwa Kompetensi Pustakawan memiliki pengaruh yang cukup signifikan terhadap Kualitas Layanan di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Arsip Kota Bima. Terlihat dari hasil uji regresi linear sederhana yaitu membandingkan nilai signifikansi dengan nilai probabilitas dan membandingkan nilai thitung dan ttabel. Berdasarkan nilai signifikansi: diketahui nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel X berpengaruh terhadap variabel Y. Berdasarkan nilai t: diketahui nilai t hitung sebesar 3,417 > t tabel sebesar 2,048 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel X berpengaruh terhadap variabel Y, dengan nilai persamaan regresi 0,322. Koefisien regresi tersebut bernilai positif.
Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah sebaiknya pelatihan dan pengembangan kepustakawanan lebih ditingkatkan lagi dari lembaga-lembaga yang membawahi setiap organisasi perpustakaan yang ada, sehingga kualitas atau kompetensi seorang pustakawan lebih di apresiasi tinggi.  Selain itu diharapkan juga bagi pustakawan untuk selalu memegang teguh kode etik profesi sehingga dapat menjaga harkat dan martabat profesi pustakawan.
Dietary Micronutrients and Gender, Body Mass Index and Viral Suppression Among HIV-Infected Patients in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Isabirye Nathan , Ezeamama Amara E. , Kyeyune-Bakyayita Rachel , Bagenda Danstan , Fawzi Wafaie W. , Guwatudde David
Published: August 2020

Background: HIV/AIDS is a hallmark of immune suppression. Micronutrient deficiencies in diet and recurrent opportunistic infections play major roles in the lives of people living with HIV. Although benefits of providing adequate diet to HIV positive persons are well documented, the demand for key elements still remain unclear in particular settings, especially in low and middle-income countries.

Methods: This was a cross sectional analysis of baseline data collected from HIV-infected adults initiating antiretroviral therapy, and who were enrolled in a multivitamin supplementation trial. A food frequency questionnaire was used and intake were obtained as a product of quantities consumed. Adequacy was calculated as the proportion of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). A chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used at p-value 0.05 to show significant associations.

Results: Mean intakes were above minimum requirements for analyzed micronutrients with the exception of Calcium and Iron. Participants who met RDA intakes were as follows: highest (? 80%) for Magnesium, Selenium, Zinc and Vitamins B2, B6, B9, C and E; moderate (50% to <80%) for Vitamins B3, and A; and lowest (?50%) for Iron (30%), Calcium (14.9%), Vitamins B12 and B1. Gender differences in met RDA were observed for Iron, Selenium, Zinc, Vitamins A, B1, B3 and E. In multivariable analyses, nutritional status and CD4 count had no influence on meeting RDA for majority of micronutrients such as magnesium, Selenium, B class vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12), vitamin (A, C, and E), Zinc and Calcium, but not including iron.

Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Diets consumed by the study participants were low in most protective nutrients (Iron, Calcium, Zinc, Vitamin A, B1, B3, and B12). This deficiency was more common among females than males, and irrespective of BMI or CD 4 count. Findings warrant further investigation on the impact and cost implications for suplementation interventions that target the elements lacking in the diets of people living with HIV in similar low-resourced settings.

Key words: • Recommended Dietary Allowances • Micronutrients • Dietary intakes • Body Mass Index • CD4 cell count • HIV/AIDS • Uganda

 

Copyright © 2020 Isabirye et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Forfeiting Citizenship, Forfeiting Identity? Multiethnic and Multiracial Japanese Youth in Australia and the Japanese Nationality Law
Authors: Wilkinson Aoife
Published: August 2020

The rising fame of multiethnic and multiracial or ‘mixed’ celebrities in
Japan, such as tennis player Naomi Osaka, has brought into focus the roles of
Japan’s Nationality Law and understandings of nationality and citizenship in
shaping identity. According to Article 14 of Japan’s Nationality Law, persons
holding multiple nationalities must choose to forfeit all but one before the
age of 22. In this article I aim to address how multiethnic and multiracial
youths of Japanese descent in Australia are approaching the ambiguities
surrounding their citizenship and nationality rights. To do so I will closely
examine to what extent the Nationality Law affects their future decisions and
identities by drawing upon evidence from in-depth interviews I conducted
with mixed Japanese youth who are the child of one Japanese parent and one
non-Japanese parent and live in Australia. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s theory
of cultural capital, I argue that mixed Japanese youth in Australia perceive
citizenship less as an agent of identity and more as an index of socioeconomic
opportunity. My findings demonstrate that these individuals actively strive to
maintain their dual citizenship and strategically align their cultural capital
to realise meaningful cross-cultural careers that communicate between
Australia, Japan, and their own mixed identities.
Child’s Play? Exploring the Significance of Kawaii for Decora and Fairy-Kei Fashion Practitioners in Harajuku through a Case-Focused Analysis
Authors: Rose Megan Catherine
Published: August 2020

Literature that explores alternative kawaii (‘cute’; ‘adorable’) fashion associated
with Harajuku, Japan, argues that it is an infantile practice in which practitioners
seek to reject adult thoughts, feelings and responsibility through childish
mannerisms and dress. These understandings of kawaii fashion, however,
are formed without input from practitioners themselves. Drawing upon a
case-focused analysis of alternative kawaii fashion practitioners in Harajuku
derived from semi-structured interviews, this article seeks to contribute to
this discussion from a sociological perspective. The article focusses on decora
and fairy kei, two alternative kawaii fashion styles in Harajuku that typically
incorporate toys and clothing intended for children, and in doing so blur
the boundaries between acceptable attire for children and adults. The article
provides an overview of literature on the relationship between kawaii fashion
and ‘the little girl’ (shōjo) and identifies new possibilities for expanding on
current understandings of kawaii. It also seeks to complicate views that equate
alternative kawaii fashion practice with childishness by placing the voices of
two practitioners in dialogue with scholarly research in this area to date. In
doing so, the article advocates for the voices of practitioners to be considered
in future scholarship on alternative kawaii fashion with ties to Harajuku.
[Review] Japan in Australia: Culture, Context and Connections
Authors: Brown Alexander
Published: August 2020

This essay is a review of the book 'Japan in Australia: Culture, Context and Connections', edited by David Chapman and Carol Hayes (Routledge, 2020).
Anxiety, Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies in Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Descriptive Study
Authors: Onieva-Zafra María Dolores , Fernández-Muñoz Juan José , Fernández-Martínez Elia , García-Sánchez Francisco José , Abreu-Sánchez Ana , Parra-Fernández María Laura
Published: August 2020

Background: Clinical training is recognized as being a stressful experience for many nursing students. The levels of stress and anxiety may increase or decrease during their educational training depending on coping behavior strategies and other factors. The objective of this was to investigate the relationship between anxiety, perceived stress and coping strategies used by nursing students during their clinical training. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational descriptive study. The sample consisted of 190 nursing students enrolled in the Nursing Faculty of Ciudad Real University in Spain. Participants provided data on background characteristics and completed the following instruments: Perceived Stress Scale; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Coping Behavior Inventory. Relationships between scores were examined using Spearman’s rho.Results: The mean age of participants was 20.71± 3.89 years (range 18-46 years). One half of the students (47.92%) indicated a moderate level of stress with a mean of Perceived Stress Scale score of 22.78 (±8.54). Veteran nursing students perceived higher levels of stress than novice students. The results showed a significant correlation for perceived stress and state anxiety (r= 0.463, p<.000) and also for trait anxiety (r=0.718, p<.000). There was also a significant relationship between the total amount of perceived stress and the following domains of the coping behavior inventory: problem solving (r =-.452, p<.01), self-criticism(r =.408 p<.01), wishful thinking(r =.459, p<.01), social support(r =-.220, p<.01), cognitive restructuring(r =-.375, p<.01), and social withdrawal(r =.388, p<.01). In the current study, the coping strategy most frequently used by students was problem-solving, followed by social support and cognitive restructuring.Conclusions: Nursing students in our study presented a moderate level of stress and the correlation with anxiety was significant. Nursing teachers and clinical preceptors/mentors should be encouraged to develop programs that could help prepare nursing students to cope with the challenges they are about to face during their clinical placements.
Use of an Oxygen Planar Optode to Assess the Effect of High Velocity Microsprays on Oxygen Penetration in a Human Dental Biofilms In-Vitro
Authors: Khosravi Yalda , Kandukuri Raja Durga Prasad , Palmer Sara , Gloag Erin S , Borisov Sergey M. , Starke E. Michelle , Ward Marilyn T. , Kumar Purnima , deBeer Dirk , Chennu Arjun , Stoodley Paul
Published: August 2020

BackgroundDental plaque biofilms are the causative agents of caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Both mechanical and chemical strategies are used in routine oral hygiene strategies to reduce plaque build-up. If allowed to mature biofilms can create anoxic microenvironments leading to communities which harbor pathogenic Gram-negative anaerobes. When subjected to high velocity fluid jets and sprays biofilms can be fluidized which disrupts the biofilm structure and allows the more efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents.MethodsTo investigate how such jets may disrupt anoxic niches in the biofilm, we used planar optodes to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration at the base of in-vitro biofilms grown from human dental saliva and plaque. These biofilms were subject to “shooting” treatments with a commercial high velocity microspray (HVM) device.ResultsHVM treatment resulted in removal of much of the biofilm and a concurrent rapid shift from anoxic to oxic conditions at the base of the surrounding biofilm. We also assessed the impact of HVM treatment on the microbial community by tracking 7 target species by qRT-PCR. There was a general reduction in copy numbers of the universal 16S RNA by approximately 95%, and changes of individual species in the target region ranged from approximately 1 to 4 log reductions.ConclusionWe concluded that high velocity microsprays removed a sufficient amount of biofilm to disrupt the anoxic region at the biofilm-surface interface.
Comparative analysis of diet-associated responses in two rice planthopper species
Authors: Huang Hai-Jian , Cui Jia-Rong , Hong Xiao-Yue
Published: August 2020

Background: Host adaptation is the primary determinant of insect diversification. However, knowledge of different host ranges in closely related species remains scarce. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) and the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus, SBPH) are the most destructive insect pests within the family Delphacidae. These two species differ in their host range (SBPH can well colonize rice and wheat plants, whereas BPH survives on only rice plants), but the underlying mechanism of this difference remains unknown. High-throughput sequencing provides a powerful approach for analyzing the association between changes in gene expression and the physiological responses of insects. Therefore, gut transcriptomes were performed to elucidate the genes associated with host adaptation in planthoppers. The comparative analysis of planthopper responses to different diets will improve our knowledge of host adaptation regarding herbivorous insects.Results: In the present study, we analyzed the change in gene expression of SBPHs that were transferred from rice plants to wheat plants over the short term (rSBPH vs tSBPH) or were colonized on wheat plants over the long term (rSBPH vs wSBPH). The results showed that the majority of differentially expressed genes in SBPH showed similar changes in expression for short-term transfer and long-term colonization. Based on a comparative analysis of BPH and SBPH after transfer, the genes associated with sugar transporters and heat-shock proteins showed similar variation. However, most of the genes were differentially regulated between the two species. The detoxification-related genes were upregulated in SBPH after transfer from the rice plants to the wheat plants, but these genes were downregulated in BPH under the same conditions. In contrast, ribosomal-related genes were downregulated in SBPH after transfer, but these genes were upregulated in BPH under the same conditions.Conclusions: The results of this study provide evidence that host plants played a dominant role in shaping gene expression and that the low fitness of BPH on wheat plants might be determined within 24 h after transfer. This study deepens our understanding of different host ranges for the two planthopper species, which may provide a potential strategy for pest management.
Bioinformatic screening for candidate biomarkers and their prognostic values in endometrial cancer
Authors: Li Yaowei , Li Li
Published: August 2020

Background: Endometrial cancer is a common gynecological cancer with annually increasing incidence worldwide. However, the biomarkers that provide prognosis and progression for this disease remain elusive. Results: Two eligible human endometrial cancer datasets (GSE17025 and GSE25405) were selected for the study. A total of 520 differentially expressed mRNAs and 30 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. These mRNAs were mainly enriched in cell cycle, skeletal system development, vasculature development, oocyte maturation, and oocyte meiosis signalling pathways. A total of 160 pairs of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs, including 22 differentially expressed miRNAs and 71 overlapping differentially expressed mRNAs, were validated in endometrial cancer samples using starBase v2.0 project. The prognosis analysis revealed that Cyclin E1 (CCNE1, one of the 82 hub genes, which correlated with hsa-miR-195 and hsa-miR-424) was significantly linked to a worse overall survival in endometrial cancer patients. Conclusions: The hub genes and differentially expressed miRNAs identified in this study might be used as prognostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer and molecular targets for its treatment.
Validation of the Moroccan arabic version of the low anterior resection syndrome score
Authors: Essangri Hajar , Majbar Mohammed Anass , Benkabbou Amine , Amrani Laila , Mohsine Raouf , Amine Souadka
Published: August 2020

Background: Sphincter sparing surgery is oftentimes associated with bowel dysfunction complaints, namely the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). The LARS questionnaire is widely used to assess this syndrome. The aim of this observational study is to translate this tool into arabic and test its psychometric properties in rectal cancer patients, in order to ease its use in clinical practice and future research.Methods: The LARS questionnaire was translated to arabic and administered to a total of 143 patients. A subgroup of 42 patients took the test twice for test-retest reliability. Internal consistency was examined through cronbach’s alpha. The score results were correlated to the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire for convergent validity assessment, while discriminant validity was established through the ability of the LARS score to differentiate patients with different clinical and pathological criteria.Results: The Moroccan Arabic version of the LARS score was completed by 143 patients. The internal consistency was demonstrated through a cronbach alpha score of 0.66. The agreement between the test and retest was established by a Bland Altman plot with 95% limits of agreement. 85.6% of patients remained in the same LARS category. The LARS score showed negative correlation with all five of the QLQ-C30 functional scales as well as positive correlation to the diarrhea symptom scale. The questionnaire score differed between patients according to their tumor location, chemoradiotherapy, type of mesorectal excision and anastomosis. Conclusion: The Moroccan Arabic version of the LARS score shows good psychometric properties and can be used for bowel dysfunction assessment in clinical and research settings. Trial registration: This prospective study is registered on the clinical trials database(ClinicalTrial.gov) under the number NCT04128657
Frequency of kdr mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene in Aedes aegypti from Yogyakarta and implications for Wolbachia-infected mosquito trials
Authors: Wuliandari Juli R. , Hoffmann Ary A. , Tantowijoyo Warsito , Endersby-Harshman Nancy M.
Published: August 2020

Background: In the inner city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, insecticide resistance is expected in the main dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, because of the intensive local application of pyrethroid insecticides. However, detailed information about the nature of resistance in this species is required to assist the release of Wolbachia mosquitoes in a dengue control program, so that we can ensure that insecticide resistance in the strain of Ae. aegypti being released matches that of the background population.Methods: High-resolution melt genotyping was used to screen for kdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene in Ae. aegypti of some areas in the inner city of Yogyakarta.Results: The results show that the V1016G mutation predominated, with individuals homozygous for the 1016G allele at a frequency of 82.1% and the mutant allele G at a frequency of 92%. Two patterns of co-occurrence of mutations were detected in this study, homozygous individuals V1016G/S989P; and heterozygous individuals V1016G/F1534C/S989P. We found the simultaneous occurrence of kdr mutations V1016G and F1534C at all collection sites, but not within individual mosquitoes. Homozygous mutants at locus 1016 were homozygous wild-type at locus 1534 and vice versa, and heterozygous V1016G were also heterozygous for F1534C. The most common tri-locus genotype co-occurrences were homozygous mutant 1016GG and homozygous wild-type FF1534, combined with homozygous mutant 989PP (GG/FF/PP) at a frequency of 38.28%.Conclusions: Given the relatively small differences in frequency of resistance alleles across the city area, locality variations in resistance should have minor implications for the success of Wolbachia mosquito trials being undertaken in the Yogyakarta area.
Evaluation of Intensified Provider Initiated Testing and Counselling Program in Harare City, 2017-2018
Authors: Mandere Edias , Mungati More , Gonese Gloria , Gombe Notion , Juru Tsitsi , Chiwanda Simbarashe , Govha Emmanuel , Tshimanga Mufuta
Published: August 2020

Background: Knowledge of HIV status remains a challenge despite implementation of various testing strategies including provider-initiated HIV testing (PITC). Harare City intensified provider-initiated HIV testing by targeting testing all eligible clients visiting facilities to achieve the UNAIDS first 95. This study aimed at evaluating the intervention to improve its effectiveness and inform programming decisions for universal access to HIV testing.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Harare from April to June 2019. Evaluation of the intervention was conducted using the logic model approach to assess the inputs, processes and outputs. Health workers were interviewed using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Exit interviews were conducted for eligible clients >18 years who refused to be tested. A checklist was used to assess the inputs used and a desk review of HIV screening and testing records was done. . Results: A total of (n-45) health care workers and (n=70) clients were interviewed with a response rate of (92%) and (84%) respectively. The median age for clients was 31(Q1=24: Q3=38) and median years in service for health workers was 2 (Q1=1;Q3=26). Of the 133 899 clients who were eligible for testing after screening, 98 587 (74%) accepted the test leaving a gap of 35 312 (26%). However, 21/45 (47 %) of health workers indicated high workload in the morning as the major reason for the leakage. In addition, 25/70 (36 %) of the clients indicated long waiting time as the reason for opting out of HIV testing.Conclusion and Recommendation: HIV testing coverage for eligible clients was not optimal, 26% opted out. We recommend strengthening of health facility systems such as review of patient flow, re-allocation of staff during busy HIV testing time and scaling up the use of HIV self-test kits for clients concerned with waiting time to improve HIV testing coverage.
Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Female Sex Workers in the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Farahmand Mohammad , Moghoofei Mohsen , Dorost Abolfazl , Abbasi Saeedeh , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza , Kiani Seyed Jalal , Tavakoli Ahmad
Published: August 2020

Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) are amongst the most susceptible groups to acquire human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and consequently, to develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to provide estimates of the pooled prevalence of HPV infection and the distribution of HPV types among FSWs across the world. Methods: Five computerized databases were searched for relevant studies published since the inception date of databases to September 2019. The pooled HPV prevalence was calculated by the random effect model described by DerSimonian-Laird. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the probable sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis was performed using the “Metaprop” function in the R package Meta. Results: Sixty-two studies involving 21402 FSWs from 33 countries were included in this meta-analysis, and the pooled HPV prevalence was 42.60% (95% confidence interval (CI): 38.58%-46.71%). HPV-16 (10.16%, 95% CI: 8.20%–12.51%), HPV-52 (7.98%, 95% CI: 5.91%–10.70%), and HPV-53 (6.01%, 95% CI: 4.40%–8.15%) were the most common high-risk HPV types identified among FSWs. The pooled estimated prevalence of HPV infection among FSWs before and after 2010 were slightly different, 43.64% (95% CI: 36.12%-51.46%) and 41.97% (95% CI: 37.28%-46.81%), respectively. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of HPV infection, particularly with high-risk types, FSWs have a great susceptibility to the development of cervical and vaginal cancers. Furthermore, they can transmit their infection to their clients, which may result in a high prevalence of HPV and the incidence of HPV-associated malignancies among the general population.
Associated factors with awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among 3,579 hypertensive adults in China: data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Wei Junxiang , Xin Bo , Li Yan , Wang Youfa
Published: August 2020

Background: Hypertension prevalence is high and rising in China, but it is inadequately controlled. This study investigated hypertension awareness, treatment, and control and their associated factors among Chinese adults. Methods: Data collected from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 12,991 Chinese adults were used. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg, self-reported prior diagnosed hypertension, or taking antihypertensive medications. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control were defined as a self-reported diagnosis of hypertension, current use of antihypertensive medication, and blood pressure < 140/90 mm Hg, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine factors associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control. Results: Overall, 3,579 (27.6%) of the CHNS adult participants had hypertension, of whom 55.7% were aware of their diagnosis, 46.5% were treated with antihypertensive medications, but only 20.3% had their blood pressure controlled. Rates of hypertension awareness and treatment varied across population subgroups; higher likelihood was associated with being female (OR = 1.37; 95%CI, 1.12-1.66), older age (1.57; 1.65-4.02), urban residence (1.50; 1.14-1.97), living in the Eastern region (1.52; 1.14-2.01), having overweight/obesity (1.99; 1.39-2.84), and engaging in less healthy lifestyles. Lower control rate was associated with obesity (0.56; 0.42-0.76) and minority ethnicity (0.52; 0.31-0.86). ﻿Conclusion: Hypertension is a major public health burden in China. Rates of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control are still low despite efforts that have been made. More intensive screening and treatment intervention programs are needed in the future.
Human and spatial-temporal clustering analysis of human brucellosis in mainland China from 2012 to 2016
Authors: Liang Peifeng , Zhao Yuan , Zhao Jianhua , Pan Dongfeng , Guo Zhongqin
Published: August 2020

Background: Brucellosis is a major public health issue in China, whose epidemiology has not been well studied. This study aims to better understand the epidemiology of brucellosis in mainland China, by investigating the human, temporal and spatial distribution and clustering characteristics of the disease. Methods: Human brucellosis data from mainland China between 2012 and 2016 were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The ArcGIS10.3 (ESRI, Redlands) and SaTScan software were used to identify potential changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in mainland China during the study period. Results: A total of 244,348 human brucellosis cases were reported during the study period of 2012-2016. The average incidence of human brucellosis was higher in the 40-65 age group. The temporal clustering analysis showed that the high incidence of brucellosis occured between March and July. The spatial clustering analysis showed that the location of brucellosis clustering in mainland China remained relatively fixed, mainly concentrated in most parts of northern China. The results of the spatial-temporal clustering analysis showed that Heilongjiang represents a primary clustering area, and the Tibet, Shanxi and Hubei provinces represent three secondary clustering areas. Conclusions: Human brucellosis remains a widespread challenge, particularly in northern China. The clustering analysis highlights potential high-risk human groups, time frames and areas, which may require special plans and resources to monitor and control the disease.
Identification of a novel interaction between SMC1 DNA damage repair protein and Escherichia coli O157: H7 EspF using co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry
Authors: Fu Muqing , Hua Ying , Yan Kaina , Li Jia , Wu Jiali , Liu Jinyue , Li Xiaoxia , Zhang Bao , Zhao Wei , Zhang Qiwei , Wan Chengsong
Published: August 2020

Background: It is known that the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157: H7 EspF is a multifunctional effector that triggers several damage processes in the host cells. However, in the process of EHEC O157: H7 infection, the interaction between EspF or its N/ C-terminus with host proteins are still unclear. Results: In this study, we used co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry to screen EspF-interacting proteins. A total of 311 host proteins are detected. The N-terminus of EspF is found to interact with 192 proteins, whereas 205 proteins interact with the C-terminus of EspF. These proteins are mainly involved in RNA splicing, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and a variety of metabolic signaling pathways. We verify for the first time that SMC1 interacts with EspF and more likeliy by its C-terminus, and provide evidence that EspF increases p-SMC1 levels. p-SMC1, known to reduce the S-phase cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair. Surprisingly, we screen that EspF can also phosphorylate H2AX, suggesting that EspF may directly mediate DNA damage through SMC1 phosphorylation.Conclusion: Taken together, this is the first study describing the interaction between EspF and SMC1. Our work lays a foundation for further research on directly EspF-mediated host cells’ DNA damage, apoptosis, and even colorectal carcinogenesis.
Role for ovarian hormones in purinoceptor-dependent natriuresis
Authors: Gohar Eman , Kasztan Malgorzata , Zhang Shali , Inscho Edward W , Pollock David M
Published: August 2020

Background: Premenopausal women have a lower risk of hypertension compared to age-matched men and postmenopausal women. P2Y2 and P2Y4 purinoceptor can be considered potential contributors to hypertension due to their emerging roles in regulating renal tubular Na+ transport. Activation of these receptors inhibits epithelial Na+ channel activity (ENaC) via a phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent pathway resulting in natriuresis. We recently reported that activation of P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors in the renal medulla by UTP promotes natriuresis in male and ovariectomized (OVX) rats, but not in ovary-intact females. This led us to hypothesize that ovary-intact females have greater basal renal medullary activity of P2 (P2Y2 and P2Y4) receptors regulating Na+ excretion compared to male and OVX rats. Methods: To test our hypothesis, we determined (i) the effect of inhibiting medullary P2 receptors by suramin (750 μg/kg/min) on urinary Na+ excretion in anesthetized male, ovary-intact female and OVX Sprague Dawley rats, (ii) mRNA expression and protein abundance of P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors and (iii) mRNA expression of their downstream effectors (PLC-1d and ENaCa) in renal inner medullary tissues obtained from these three groups. We also subjected cultured mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells (segment 3, mIMCD3) to different concentrations of 17ß-estradiol (E2, 0, 10, 100 and 1000 nM) to test whether E2 increases mRNA expression of P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors.Results: Acute P2 inhibition attenuated urinary Na+ excretion in ovary-intact females, but not in male or OVX rats. We found that P2Y2 and P2Y4 mRNA expression was higher in the inner medulla from females compared to males or OVX. Inner medullary lysates showed that ovary-intact females have higher P2Y2 receptor protein abundance, compared to males, however, OVX did not eliminate this sex difference. We also found that E2 dose-dependently upregulated P2Y2 and P2Y4 mRNA expression in mIMCD3. Conclusion: These data suggest that ovary-intact females have enhanced P2Y2 and P2Y4-dependent regulation of Na+ handling in the renal medulla, compared to male and OVX rats. We speculate that the P2 pathway contributes to facilitated renal Na+ handling in premenopausal females.
Assessment of Local Supply Chains and Stock Management Practices for Trauma Care Resources in Ghana: A Comparative Small Sample Cross-Sectional Study 
Authors: Boakye Godfred , Gyedu Adam , Stewart Melissa , Donkor Peter , Mock Charles , Stewart Barclay T
Published: August 2020

Background: Injuries are a major public health problem globally. With sound planning and organization, essential trauma care can be reliably provided with relatively low-cost equipment and supplies. However, availability of these resources requires an effective and efficient supply chain and good stock management practices. Therefore, this study aimed to assess trauma care resource-related supply management structures and processes at health facilities in Ghana. By doing so, the findings may allow us to identify specific structures and processes that could be improved to facilitate higher quality and more timely care. Methods: Ten hospitals were purposively selected using results from a previously performed national trauma care capacity assessment of hospitals of all levels in Ghana. Five hospitals with low resource availability and 5 hospitals with high resource availability were assessed using the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Logistics Indicators Assessment Tool and stock ledger review. Data were described and stock management practices were correlated with resource availability. Results: There were differences in stock management practices between low and high resource availability hospitals, including frequency of reporting and audit, number of stock-outs on day of assessment (median 9 vs 2 stock-outs, range 3 – 57 vs 0 – 9 stock-outs, respectively; p=0.05), duration of stock-outs (median 171 vs 8 days, range 51 – 1,268 vs 0 – 182 days, respectively; p=0.02), and fewer of up-to-date stock cards (24 vs 31 up-to-date stock cards, respectively; p=0.07). Stock-outs were common even among low-cost, essential resources (e.g., nasal cannulas and oxygen masks, endotracheal tubes, syringes, sutures, sterile gloves). Increased adherence to stock management guidelines and higher percentage of up-to-date stock cards were correlated with higher trauma resource availability scores. However, the variance in trauma resource availability scores was poorly explained by these individual factors or when analyzed in a multivariate regression model (r2=0.72; p value for each covariate between 0.17 – 0.34). Conclusions: Good supply chain and stock management practices are correlated with high trauma care resource availability. The findings from this study demonstrate several opportunities to improve stock management practices, particularly at low resource availability hospitals.
Influence of biofilm growth age, media, antibiotic concentration and exposure time on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm removal in vitro
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Thomsen Trine Rolighed , Winkler Heinz , Xu Yijuan
Published: August 2020

Background: Biofilm is known to be tolerant towards antibiotics and difficult to eradicate. Numerous studies have reported minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values of antibiotics for many known biofilm pathogens. However, the experimental parameters applied in these studies differ considerably, and often the rationale behind the experimental design are not well described. This makes it difficult to compare the findings. To demonstrate the importance of experimental parameters, we investigated the influence of biofilm growth age, antibiotic concentration and treatment duration, and growth media on biofilm eradication. Additionally, OSTEOmycinTM, a clinically used antibiotic containing allograft bone product, was tested for antibiofilm efficacy. Results: The commonly used Calgary biofilm device was used to grow 24 h and 72 h biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which were treated with time-dependent vancomycin (up to 3000 mg L-1) and concentration-dependent tobramycin (up to 80 mg L-1), respectively. Two common bacteriological growth media tryptic soy broth (TSB) and cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth (CaMHB) were tested. We found for both species that biofilms were more difficult to kill in TSB than in CaMHB. Furthermore, young biofilms (24 h) were easier to eradicate than old biofilms (72 h). In agreement with vancomycin being time-dependent, extension of the vancomycin exposure increased killing of S. aureus biofilms. Tobramycin treatment of 24 h P. aeruginosa biofilms was found concentration-dependent and time-independent, however, increasing killing was indicated for 72 h P. aeruginosa biofilms. Treatment with tobramycin containing OSTEOmycin TTM removed 72 h and 168 h P. aeruginosa biofilms after one day treatment, while few 72h S. aureus biofilms survived after two days treatment with vancomycin containing OSTEOmycin VTM. Conclusions: This study demonstrated biofilm removal efficacy was influenced by media, biofilm age and antibiotic concentration and treatment duration. It is therefore necessary to taking these parameters into consideration when designing experiments. The results of OSTEOmycinTM products indicated that simple in vitro biofilm test could be used for initial screening of antibiofilm products. For clinical application, a more clinically relevant biofilm model for the specific biofilm infection in question should be developed to guide the amount of antibiotics used for local antibiofilm treatment.
H. pylori is related to osteoporosis but only in premenopausal female: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jingwei Wang , Dong Fengxiao , Su Hui , Zhu Licun , Shao Sujun , Liu Hong
Published: August 2020

BackgroundRecently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the extra-gastrointestinal effects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) , including metabolic syndrome, fatty liver, and rheumatic and skin diseases. Osteoporosis is an asymptomatic disease that can eventually lead to fractures and has a significant impact on the quality of life of elderly individuals. Sex is an influential factor that plays a crucial role in the development of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between H. pylori infection and osteoporosis and to identify potential influencing factors.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of individuals older than 50 years old, who had undergone regular physical examinations at the Beijing Shijitan Hospital Health Examination Center from July to October 2018 . We evaluated the associations of osteopenia and osteoporosis with H. pylori infection and related serum markers by using multiple linear regression and logistic regression. Then, we analysed the correlation between sex and potential serum biomarkers.ResultsThere were significant relationships between H. pylori infection status and bone density in premenopausal females but not in males ( P =0.381) according to Fisher's exact test. In females , H. pylori positivity (OR=0.132, P =0.023), Body Mass Index( BMI ) (OR=28.163, P =0.021), and homocysteine (HCY) (OR=17.218, P =0.045) were associated with osteoporosis. Calcium had a trend but no statistically significant (OR=0.060, P=0.076) relationship with osteoporosis. Furthermore, the waist -to- hip ratio (OR=5.783, P =0.029), BMI (OR=0.152, P =0.014) and triglyceride levels (OR=0.201, P =0.036) were significantly different by sex, after adjusting for age as a confounder.ConclusionH. pylori positivity , BMI and HCY are associated with osteoporosis in premenopausal females . Chronic inflammation may be involved in the relationship between H. pylori and osteoporosis.
Effect of functional food ingredients on gut microbiota in a rodent diabetes model
Authors: Surono Ingrid S. , Wardana Ata Aditya , Waspodo Priyo , Saksono Budi , Verhoeven Jessica , Venema Koen
Published: August 2020

Background: The gut microbiota has been shown to be involved in the development and severity of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the present study was to test the effect of 4-week functional food ingredient feeding, alone or in combination, on the gut microbiota composition in diabetic rats.Methods: Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated for 4 weeks with i) native taro starch, ii) modified taro-starch, iii) beet juice, iv) psicose, v) the probiotic L.plantarum IS-10506, vi) native starch combined with beet juice, vii) native starch to which beet juice was adsorbed, viii) modified starch combined with beet juice or ix) modified starch to which beet juice was adsorbed, to modulate the composition of the gut microbiota. This composition was evaluated by sequencing the PCR amplified V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.Results: The next-generation sequencing showed beneficial effects particularly of taro-starch feeding. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to health (e.g. correlating with low BMI, OTUs producing butyrate) were increased in relative abundance, while OTUs generally correlated with disease (e.g. Proteobacteria) were decreased by feeding taro-starch.Conclusion: The results of study show that a 4-week intervention with functional food ingredients, particularly taro-derived starch, leads to a more healthy gut microbiota in rats that were induced to be diabetic by induction with STZ.