bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Da geração @ a geração blockchain: a juventude na era postdigital
Authors: Feixa Carles , Weissböck Lara Pires
Published: July 2019

No ano 2000, Carles Feixa publicou um artigo intitulado Geração @. A juventude na era digital. O termo e sua conceituação rapidamente se popularizaram, identificando-se com as principais características da nova geração do novo século (mais tarde batizada como a Geração Millenial). Em 2014, o autor publicou um livro em que completou a reflexão com um novo conceito, o da Geração # ou Hashtag, entendido como a geração da era hiperdigital ou da web 2.0. Quase vinte anos depois, quando a Geração @ chegou à mais alta idade, apresentamos uma reflexão sobre o debate produzido em torno desse conceito e sobre as metamorfoses sofridas pelos jovens no novo século, a partir do conceito Geração Blockchain, entendida como o geração da era pós-digital ou web 3.0, que navega entre metadados, a Internet das emoções e a cultura colaborativa.
A DISABLED CHILD IN THE FAMILY: DYNAMICS OF THE RELATIONSHIP AND AREAS OF STRESS
Authors: VASILENKO Inna V.
Published: July 2019

In sociology, it is recognized that the family is the Foundation of society, ensuring both its stability and its development. However, there are situations in which the family itself needs support and assistance not only from loved ones, but also from state structures and social protection bodies. This article is devoted to the study of the family in which a disabled child was born and brought up. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of relations between parents before and after the birth of a child, the analysis of social and emotional aspects of relations, the characteristics of the situation that contributes to the destruction of the family. Case study was chosen as a research strategy. Three methods were included in this monographic technique: in-depth interview and included observation and semantic differential method. The family can be traced to changes in the relationship from the joyful, carefree to mutual resentment, scandals and accusations. The birth of a child leveled the emotional background of the relationship of parents, making it more smooth, calm, but indifferent. Areas of stress are: long waiting for the baby, the news of the disease of the unborn child, the birth of a child with cerebral palsy, problems of care, communication and education.
Creating an Online Video Course for Computational Wave Propagation
Authors: Igel Heiner , Nies Maika , Joshi Rakshit , Perez Andrea , Vilacis Berta , Anger Sebastian , Igel Jonas K. H. , Keller Erik , Rubner Armin
Published: July 2019

Teaching and training using online video material in science is on the rise. Science students entering universities today are of a “YouTube generation,” most likely already having a history of accessing educational videos for learning at school. Here, we report on our experiences with preparing a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) for the COURSERA platform in the area of computational wave propagation. We describe the complexity of the process but also highlight the opportunities that this form of training offers on state‐of‐the‐art e‐learning platforms. It is foreseeable that in the future universities will promote combinations of direct and supervised online course learning, allowing for more flexibility and variability of training content. We propose that Earth‐Science‐specific databases with links to online courses should be developed, making such courses more accessible to the research community.
Pemanfaatan tanaman Tagetes erecta Linn. dalam kesehatan
Authors: Edy Hosea Jaya , Parwanto ML Edy
Published: July 2019

Untuk mengembangkan obat baru, dewasa ini para peneliti berusaha untuk meneliti kandungan bahan alam, diantaranya kandungan zat dalam T. erecta Linn. Ekstrak etanol daun T.erecta Linn. diperoleh 17 senyawa dengan kandungan terbesar adalah senyawa neophytadiene diikuti 9,12,15-oktadecadienoic acid-methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid-methyl ester, palmitic acid, 9,12-oktadecadienoic acid, linolenic acid­-metil ester dan heptadecanoic acid. Tanaman T.erecta Linn. atau yang biasa dikenal dengan sebutan bunga tahi kotok memiliki kandungan kimia yang sangat bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Bagian dari tanaman T.erecta Linn. yang telah diekstrak dengan berbagai macam pelarut juga telah terbukti memiliki sifat antioksidan, efek  antibakteri  dan  mampu menyembuhkan luka. Ekstrak dari bagian tanaman T.erecta Linn. juga telah berhasil diformulasikan menjadi berbagai bentuk sedian farmasi seperti gel, krim, lotion antinyamuk dan juga pewarna rambut. Sedian farmasi dengan zat aktif ekstrak T.erecta Linn. tersebut terbukti memiliki efek yang baik dan tidak merugikan subyek uji.
HALKLA İLİŞKİLER BAĞLAMINDA İLİŞKİ SÜRDÜRME STRATEJİLERİ: YATIRIMCI İLİŞKİLERİNDE WEB SİTELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ
Authors: KILINÇ Özgür , AKYOL Mevlüt
Published: July 2019

Araştırmanın amacı kurumların yatırımcı ilişkileri web sitelerindeki
içeriği halkla ilişkilerde ilişki sürdürme stratejileri olarak tanımlanan
“erişim, pozitiflik, açıklık, güvence, ağ oluşturma ve görev paylaşımı”
stratejilerinden hareketle analiz etmektir. Bu kapsamda, Capital Dergisi
tarafından yayınlanan Türkiye’nin En Büyük 500 Şirketi 2016 araştırmasında ilk
10’da yer alan kurumların yatırımcı ilişkileri web siteleri halkla ilişkilerde
ilişki sürdürme stratejileri bağlamında incelenmiştir. İncelenen kurumların
yatırımcı ilişkileri web sitesinde en fazla belirgin erişim stratejisi
kategorisinin “link belirtme”, pozitiflik stratejisi kapsamında ise
“etkileşimli içerik” olduğu belirlenmiştir. Açıklık stratejisi açısından “hisse
bilgileri”, “yıllık raporlar” ve “yönetim kurulu listesi” kategorileri öne
çıkmıştır. Güvence stratejisi bağlamında en fazla belirgin olan kategorilerin
“kurumsal yönetişim” ve “yıllık raporda CEO mesajı” olduğu saptanmıştır. Ağ
oluşturma stratejisi açısından incelenen 10 kurumun da üçüncü taraflarla ilişki
kurmaya yönelik ortaklığa yöneldikleri, sorun çözmeye yönelik paylaşılan görev
faaliyetleri stratejisinin ise hiçbir kurumun yatırımcı ilişkileri web
sitesinde yer almadığı görülmüştür.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of a community-based parenting empowerment program to improve nurturing care of young children in Kenya and Zambia
Authors: Wekulo Patricia K. , Murage Elizabeth K. , Donfouet Hermann P. , Onyango Silas O. , Okelo Kenneth O. , Wanjohi Milka N. , Murdock Dawn , Nyamor George , Munsongo Kelvin
Published: July 2019

Background: Investing in parents and children during the critical period between birth and five years of a child’s life can have long-lasting benefits in the life of the child. Recently, the 2016 Lancet Series estimated that 250 million children aged less than five years in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential. Over 66 % of these, who live in sub-Saharan Africa and are at risk due to poor nutrition, exposure to poverty, high HIV prevalence as well as under stimulation in the home environment.

Methods: The study will employ a cluster-randomized control trial design and will use a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies (Concurrent Triangulation Design). This will be a two-arm study, where the first arm will participate in the parenting empowerment program implemented by the faith-based organizations, while the second (control) will not receive the parenting interventions. A total of 510 mother/primary caregiver-child dyads will be recruited into this study. We will estimate the causal effect of the intervention using mixed linear models and the Difference-in-Differences (DID) estimator.

Conclusions:  This implementation research will provide greater scientific rigor and a deeper process and outcome evaluation including measurement of child development outcomes. The findings will be useful for early childhood practitioners, multilateral stakeholders and funders as they provide information on the factors to consider in the implementation of high quality ECD interventions.

Trial Registration: Ethical approval: ESRC P467/2018 and IRB No.00005948).
School-based physical activity intervention in 11-13-year-olds: study protocol for cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dabare Prasangi M. , Waidyatilaka Indu , Jayawardena Ranil , Wickremasinghe Rajitha , Hills Andrew P. , Wickramasinghe Pujitha , Lanerolle Pulani
Published: July 2019

Background: Targeted strategies to enhance regular physical activity appear to be promising to promote health and well-being of adolescents. This article reports the design of a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based physical activity programme on the rate and duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sitting time including screen time, and health-related physical fitness parameters among 11-13 year-old adolescents.

Methods: This is a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 360 adolescents from government schools in the Colombo Municipal Council area, Sri Lanka. An individual school was considered as a unit of randomization and the 12 selected schools were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control (six schools) and intervention groups (six schools). The intervention group follows a physical activity programme for 30 minutes on three school days per week, for three consecutive months in addition to the standard practice. The primary outcomes are moderate-to-vigorous physical activity rate and duration and sitting time including screen time. Secondary outcomes are the health-related physical fitness parameters: cardiovascular fitness, muscle fitness and flexibility, and body composition. All the outcomes are measured at baseline and three-months following the intervention.

Discussion: The outcomes of this study will be an evidence-based intervention programme with the potential to be incorporated into the national education system thus promoting health and well-being of adolescents in Sri Lanka.

Trial Registration: Registered at the Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry (SLCTR/2018/028).
Study of role of pulse oxymetry during nonsedated upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedure
Authors: Dasgupta Sukanya , Barsode Supriya
Published: July 2019

Background: Hypoxia episodes have been observed in association with endoscopy and various studies have been performed to identify the risk factors .The effect of smoking, deoxygenation during endoscopy and duration of procedure have been studied. With the advent of pulse oximetry, it is possible to obtain an accurate measurement of hemoglobin oxygen desaturation. There are many reports concerning arterial oxygenation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation, little information is available concerning oxygenation in non-sedated endoscopies. The results of this study have extensive relevance because of increasing incidence of tobacco users, smokers and sedations during upper gastrointestinal endoscopies.Methods : This study including 300 patients was carried out from July 2014 to September 2016 in gastroenterology clinic of medicine department at a large teaching hospital in Western Maharashtra. 250 patients underwent diagnostic procedures and 50 underwent therapeutic procedures.Result: A significant correlation was found between oxygen desaturation and patients above 60 years of age (P< 0.01)in our study. There were 40.67% non-smoker patients with hypoxia and 21.33% non-smoker patients without hypoxia. In this study, 92 patients underwent UGI endoscopy for a duration of less than 5 minutes out of which only 24 (26.08 %) developed O2 desaturation.Conclusion: It was concluded from the study patients with age >60 years, severe anaemia, presence of ascites, patients showing adverse events during the endoscopy procedure can be considered at the risk for developing oxygen desaturation during nonsedated UGI endoscopy.
A comparative study of anaemia with the degree of glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: S. Prabhu , Teli Balakrishna
Published: July 2019

Background: Anaemia is one of the world’s most common preventable condition yet it is often overlooked especially in people with Diabetes Mellitus. Anaemia is a common finding in patients with diabetes. Anaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus might contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease and aggravate diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. This aims to study the correlation between HbA1c and blood glucose levels in anaemic diabetics in order to assess the influence of anaemia on HbA1c and the effect of severity and type of anaemia on HbA1c.Methods: It’s a case control study, 200 Diabetic subjects were divided into two groups of 100 each based on their HbA1c levels group A, with good glycaemic control (HbA1c<7) and group B with poor glycaemic control (HbA1c>7), incidence of anaemia was measured and compared among them and also with 100 age and sex matched healthy non Diabetic controls. Results: In this study, it was found that high incidence of anaemia was found significantly higher in diabetics group with poor glycaemic control. Anemia was detected in 55% of patients among diabetic patients. Anaemia was seen in 71% of patients in group B with poor glycaemic control as compared to group A with good glycaemic control, in which only 39% of patients had anaemia. Mean haemoglobin was significantly lower that is, 10.81±3.0 in group with poor glycaemic control as compared to group with good glycaemic control i.e. 13.04±2.02. There was a statistically significant negative correllation between Haemoglobin percentage and HbA1c.Conclusion: Anaemia is a common finding in patients with diabetes. Diabetes related chronic hyperglycaemia can lead to a hypoxic environment in the renal interstitium which results in impaired production of erythropoietin by the peritubular fibroblasts and subsequently anaemia occurs. Anaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus might contribute to pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease and aggravate diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. However, an emphasis on regular screening for anaemia, alongside that for other diabetes related complications, might help to delay the progression of vascular complication in these patients.
The study of hyponatremia in the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Y. N. Narayana Swamy , Gowda Manoj , Khalid Mohammed S.
Published: July 2019

Background: Stroke is defined as an abrupt onset of a neurologic deficit that is attributable to a focal vascular cause. Acute ischemic stroke is the fourth leading cause of death and most common cause of long-term disability worldwide. Hyponatremia is the commonest electrolyte disturbance encountered in the neurological intensive care units. This study investigated to evaluate hyponatremia in acute ischemic stroke patients as a reliable prognostic marker on admission to ICU.Methods: A total of 150 patients admitted to M S Ramaiah Hospitals during the period of October 2014 to September 2016 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were considered in the study. All patients were evaluated by neurologist/ physician and the diagnosis of Acute ischemic stroke was made by Clinical examination and confirmed by Computed Tomography (CT) and/ Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain. Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium level <135 mmol/L and recorded on admission. Outcome was assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, day 5 and at discharge, duration of ICU stay, duration of hospital stay and in-patient mortality.Results: Among the 150 patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke, mean age was 60 years, 68% were males and 36% patients had hyponatremia. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups except for gender distribution (p=0.037). Hyponatremic patients had higher NIHSS score on admission, on day 5 and at discharge (p=<0.001). Hyponatremic patients had a longer duration of ICU stay (p=<0.001) and in hospital stay (p=<0.001). Hyponatremia was associated with higher mortality in hospital (p=0.026).Conclusions: Study demonstrates that hyponatremia at admission in acute ischemic stroke patients is associated with acute mortality, worse NIHSS score at admission and at discharge, and longer duration of ICU and hospital stay.
Stethoscopes: a potential source of hospital acquired infection
Authors: Venkatesan Kalpana Devi , Chander Senthil , Victor Kalavathy
Published: July 2019

Background: Nosocomial infection has been recognized for over a century as both a critical problem affecting the quality of health care and a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and increased health care cost. Stethoscopes because of their universal use by medical professional, can be a potential source of nosocomial infections. The study was conducted to determine the bacterial contamination of stethoscopes used by health care staff as well as the practices used for cleaning them.Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to health workers and the surface of the diaphragm of their stethoscopes swabbed for bacteriological analysis using standard techniques.Results: Of the 65 stethoscopes sampled, 33(50.8%) showed bacterial growth. All the bacterial isolates were found to be gram positive organism. The isolates were Micrococcus spp. (35.8%), Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS) (30.8%), Bacillus spp. (15.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.3%) and Diphtheroids (7.7%).Conclusions: Further research is needed to solve the question whether stethoscope contamination actually results in infection in the patient. However strict adherence to disinfection practices by health workers can minimize cross-contamination and ensure patient safety in hospital environments.
Knowledge and attitude about sexually transmitted infections among paramedical 1st year students in a tertiary care teaching institute in Pondicherry
Authors: Misra Saurabh Krishna , Oudeacoumar P. , Indradevi R. , Sovana Sushree
Published: July 2019

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) are transmitted through sexual intercourse. Young individuals of 16-24 yr age group are more prone to STIs because they lack adequate knowledge about STIs and tend to have wrong perceptions towards sex. Thus it becomes important to assess the knowledge level about STIs among this age group. The main objective of this study was designed to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, perception and attitude about STIs among paramedical 1st year students in a tertiary care institute.

Methods: The study was a descriptive cross sectional study. Detailed questionnaire eliciting information about knowledge, awareness, perception and attitude of the respondents towards STIs was administered to 227 paramedical 1st year students. This self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.

Results: 227 paramedical students participated in this study. Among them 103 (45%) were males and 124 (55%) females. Majority of the students (68%) got the source of information of STIs from education in school and college, 57% from internet and 49% from print media. 95% of the respondents knew about at least one STI. The two most commonly mentioned STIs were HIV (60%) and Syphilis (41%). 7% did not have any knowledge about STI. 68% mentioned sex with multiple partners as a mode of transmission and 46% knew unprotected sex. 17.6%-21.6% of them had misconception about mode of transmission. 49.8% mentioned weakness, 47.6% loss of weight as the symptoms of STIs where as 25.6% did not know anything about symptoms at all. Majority of respondents (60%) did not know about the complications of STDs. Also attitude towards sexual health and prevention of STIs was variable.

Conclusions: Findings of our study showed that it is important to orient the paramedical students about sexual health and positive attitude towards STIs. This will help in prevention and control of STIs.
Study of cutaneous manifestations in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome attending a tertiary care centre
Authors: Yerram Chinmai , Rao Garimella Venkateswara , Kilaru Krishna Rajesh
Published: July 2019

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multisystem metabolic disorder, which has a significant impact on the quality of life as well as fertility.1,2 Acne, hirsutism, androgenetic alopecia, acanthosis nigricans, seborrhea are commonly associated with cutaneous manifestations of PCOS. To identify cutaneous manifestations, their incidence and frequency in patients with PCOS in different age groups.

Methods: An institutional based prospective study. Seventy PCOS patients attending out-patient departments of DVL and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NRI Medical College and General Hospital, Guntur, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study and examined for the presence of cutaneous manifestations in the two year study period between January 2017 and December 2018.

Results: In the present study, 70 patients with PCOS were taken up and the commonest age group affected was 21-25 years (42.8%). Positive family history of PCOS was observed in 12.8%. The commonest cutaneous manifestation was acne vulgaris (57.14 %). Obesity was present in 47.14% of the patients and all of them were found to have striae. Hirsutism was observed in 47.14% of the total patients studied and the majority of them had terminal hair in the chin region and upper lip. Acanthosis nigricans was present in 34.28%, seborrhoea in 21.42% and acrochordons in 17.14% of the patients. Of the 70 patients, 15.7% were overweight and 47.14% were obesity.

Conclusions: The cutaneous manifestations of PCOS reserves major role in its management by Dermatologist. Recognizing PCOS in women presenting with hyperandrogenism offers a significant opportunity to begin a life-long conversation about prevention and treatment of a condition that has a multi-system impact on affected women.
Study of cutaneous manifestation of HIV disease in correlation with CD4 lymphocyte count
Authors: Kumari Neeti , Krishan Kewal , Bist Jatinder Singh , Mehta Anil Kumar
Published: July 2019

Background: HIV infection is associated with numerous cutaneous changes even before the onset of immunologic dysfunction and AIDS. We all know that as search for reliable clinical indicators for management of human immunodeficiency syndrome in resource poor settings continues, cutaneous disorder can be considered among key clinical indicators for prediction of underlying immune status and disease progression. To study occurrence of various cutaneous manifestations and its correlation with CD4 cell counts in HIV infected Patients.

Methods: 120 HIV positive patients above 14 year old with definite cutaneous manifestations attending dermatology OPD in Department of Skin, STD and Leprosy, in a tertiary care centre Dehradun (Uttarakhand, India) were studied from December 2013 to January 2016.

Results: Among 120 HIV positive patients in our cross-sectional study, 50.83% of patients belonged to 31-40 years age group. Male to female ratio was 1.9:1 and heterosexual route was most common route of transmission. 69.17% of our study population had CD4 cell counts below 200 cells/mm3 and 23.33% of patients had CD4 cell counts <50 cells/mm3. Among these, commonest cutaneous manifestations were pruritic papular eruption, cutaneous drug reactions, molluscum contagiosum, seborrheic dermatitis. 17 patients (14.17%) had more than one cutaneous disorder with mean CD4 cell count of 121.5 cells/mm3 indicating advanced stage.

Conclusions: At the end of study we concluded that cutaneous manifestations can be considered as a good clinical indicators for the progression of disease and underlying immune status in resource poor setting. 
A prospective study on the etiopathogenesis, clinical types and causes for recalcitrant nature of scalp psoriasis
Authors: Ramalingam Shrinidhi , Kannan Rajkumar , Chandrasekar Muthusubramanian
Published: July 2019

Background: Psoriasis, a common chronic disfiguring inflammatory and proliferative papulosquamous disorder of the skin in which both genetic and environmental influences have a critical role. Scalp becomes the most common site of involvement, both at the time of onset of the disease and also throughout the course of the disease. This prospective study is designed to have a thorough insight into the etiological factors, clinical types and to unearth the factors behind the recalcitrant nature of scalp psoriasis.

Methods: A prospective study, conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Chengalpattu Medical College, Tamilnadu. 50 patients of scalp psoriasis enrolled between April 2017 and March 2018 were included in the study.

Results: It was found in our study that lesions of scalp psoriasis took longer time (on an average 6-8 weeks more) to resolve than lesions of psoriasis elsewhere in the body following treatment with systemic drugs like methotrexate and topical agents like 0.1% betamethasone + salicylic acid ointment and liquid paraffin. Out of 50 patients, 30 were female (60%) and 20 were male (40%). Following were the clinical types of scalp psoriasis encountered in our study. Chronic plaque psoriasis- 25 (50%), sebopsoriasis- 13 (26%), erythrodermic scalp psoriasis- 8 (16%), pityriasis amiantaceae- 4 (8%), pustular psoriasis of scalp- 0.

Conclusions: The density of scalp hair leading to reduced absorption of topical treatment and the social reasons affecting the quality of life of patients are crucial factors that determine treatment outcome. All these inconveniences result in non compliance of treatment. Hairy scalp, rich vascular supply, patient’s non-compliance, adverse effects of topical agents-all throw a challenge to the treating dermatologist where it poses recalcitrant nature to treatment.
Clinicomycological study of tinea infections in and around Pune
Authors: Dhayagude Snehal , Arjunwadkar Vidya , Chavan Ravindranath , Bharadwaj Renu , Kagal Anju
Published: July 2019

Background: Tinea is a common fungal infection seen in the tropical and subtropical countries affecting the skin and its appendages. The presentation may vary from mild scaling to severe inflammation with bacterial super infection. It may be confused with other manifestation such as psoriasis, seborrhea, drug eruptions, eczema, and contact dermatitis. Hence correct diagnosis is necessary for appropriate treatment, which will reduce morbidity, discomfort and lessens possibility of transmissions. The aims and objectives were to determine clinicomycological profile of Tinea infections in patients attending dermatology OPD of B. J. Govt. Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune.

Methods: Skin scrapings, nail clippings; hair samples from clinically suspected cases of tinea were collected. Identification of dermatophytes from these samples was done by conventional technique.

Results: 119 clinically suspected cases of Tinea infections were processed over a period of one year. Out of these cases mixed infection of Tinea cruris with corporis was the predominant (27.73%) clinical presentation. Among all the samples, fungal filaments were seen by KOH mount in 48 (40.33%) whereas 35 (29.41%) samples were confirmed as dermatophytes by culture. Among these 35 isolates of dermatophytes 20 were T. rubrum, 7 isolates were T. tonsurans. 8 isolates were of T. mentagrophytes.

Conclusions: In present study mixed infections of tinea cruris with corporis was the predominant clinical presentation and T. rubrum was the most common dermatophyte isolated.
Avaliação de projetos, programas e políticas educacionais
Authors: Bauer Adriana , Fernandes Fabiana Silva , Gimenes Nelson
Published: July 2019

 

 
120 lat polskiej obecności w Argentynie (1897-2017). Historia i teraźniejszość
Authors: Wasilewski Piotr
Published: July 2019

The origins of Polish emigration to Argentina date back to the 19th century. Poles emigrated to this distant, overseas country, first as individuals and then in larger groups. We can distinguish several waves of Polish collective emigration to Argentina: pre-war, that is, the period of partitions, with special regard to 1897, interwar and post-war, especially from 1945-1950. The article summarizes the information we have about the historical aspects of the phenomenon described, explains the reasons for the trips, highlights the role of the clergy, lists the most important places for Poles to settle, and the ways and forms of maintaining Polish national identity, both in the past and in the present.
Español neutro — español latino: Hacia una norma hispanoamericana en los medios de comunicación
Authors: López González Antonio María
Published: July 2019

Within the framework of the varieties of the Spanish language in America, there has been built a linguistic variety, popularly known as Latin Spanish, commonly used in the international media, audiovisual productions and in the dubs made in Latin America. This article aims to analyse the concept of neutral or Latin Spanish (español neutro and español latino), its role as a standard Spanish-American variety, its fields of use, as well as its linguistic characteristics.
Diagnóstico clínico y bioquímico del síndrome de Leigh en cinco pacientes colombianos
Authors: Herrera Milton David , Espinosa García Eugenia , Guevara Morales Johana María , Echeverri Peña Olga Yaneth
Published: July 2019

El síndrome de Leigh (SL) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa, descrita como una encefalomielopatía necrotizante subaguda, y es una de las enfermedades de origen mitocondrial más frecuentes. El SL es causado por el déficit en la producción de energía, originada en defectos en los genes que codifican alguno de los complejos mitocondriales; el gen afectado puede ser de codificación tanto nuclear como mitocondrial, lo que explica que se encuentren diferentes mecanismos de herencia, incluyendo autosómica recesiva y herencia materna, lo que, a su vez, hace más difícil su diagnóstico molecular. Clínicamente se presenta con regresión del desarrollo cognitivo y pérdida de habilidades motoras con trastorno de movimiento, de rápida progresión. El diagnóstico se basa en la demostración bioquímica de la elevación del ácido láctico y de la relación lactato/piruvato, así como hallazgos en las neuroimágenes por resonancia magnética que muestran lesiones focales, bilaterales y simétricas en ganglios basales o tallo cerebral asociadas a leucoencefalopatía y atrofia cerebral. Se reportan cinco casos con diagnóstico clínico y bioquímico del SL que ejemplifican la variabilidad clínica y gravedad encontrada en este grupo de pacientes.
A Smart Home Environment to Support Risk Monitoring for the Elderly Living Independently
Authors: Chiridza Tongai , Wesson Janet , Vogts Dieter
Published: July 2019

Elderly people prefer to live independently despite being vulnerable to age-related challenges. Constant monitoring is required in cases where the elderly are living alone. The home environment can be a dangerous environment for the elderly due to adverse events that can occur at any time. The potential risks for the elderly living independently can be categorised as injury in the home, home environmental risks, and inactivity due to unconsciousness.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the development of a low-cost Smart Home Environment (SHE) that can support risk and safety monitoring for the elderly living independently. An unobtrusive and low cost SHE prototype that uses a Raspberry Pi 3 model B, a Microsoft Kinect Sensor and an Aeotec 4-in-1 Multisensor was designed and implemented. An experimental evaluation was conducted to determine the accuracy with which the prototype SHE detected abnormal events. The results show that the prototype has a mean accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 94%, 96.92% and 88.93% respectively. The sensitivity shows that the chance of the prototype missing a risk situation is 3.08%, and the specificity shows that the chance of incorrectly classifying a non-risk situation is 11.07%.
Antimicrobial Effect of Multilayered Carbon Nanotubes on Multi-Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Mousavi Hadis , Rouhani Nejad Hamideh , Zandi Masoud , Khodavirdi Pour Amir
Published: July 2019

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the primary cause of infection with impaired defense mechanisms. P. aeruginosa commonly causes nosocomial infections and is the most common pathogen isolated from patients hospitalized for longer than 1 week. We examined the antimicrobial effect of multilayered carbon nanotubes on multi-drug-resistant.

Materials and Methods: In this research, 20 clinical isolates collected at Motahari Hospital (Tehran, Iran) were compared with the standard (ATCC 27853) and identified as P. aeruginosa based on biochemical testing. Conventional disk diffusion assay demonstrated the methicillin resistance of the isolates. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for antibiotics and the multilayer CNTs were determined using the microdilution method. Single-walled CNTs were prepared and their efficacy and potential synergism with antibiotics was assessed.

Results: Synergism against P. aeruginosa was evident for methicillin + single-walled CNTs.

Conclusion: The inhibitory effect of single-walled CNTs and methicillin was synergistic against the growth of P. aeruginosa.
Serum Liver Proteins and 17
Authors: Tahmasebi Fard Zahra , Rouhollah Fatemeh , Nafisi Nahid
Published: July 2019

Background: Breast cancer is a hormone-dependent malignancy that is associated with estrogen and progesterone interactions. The liver is the most important organ to be affected by the metastasis of breast cancer, which causes functional impairment.

Aim: We compared levels of obesity, 17β-estradiol, and secreted proteins in postmenopausal women with breast cancer but without hepatic symptoms to those in healthy postmenopausal women.

Materials and Methods: We recruited 105 postmenopausal women with breast cancer but without any clinical hepatic symptoms based on a physician’s diagnosis, and 105 healthy postmenopausal women. After taking blood samples, we separated the serum and determined the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and 17β-estradiol using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS.

Results: The mean ages of the subjects in the cancer and control groups were 60.88 ± 0.85 and 55.56 ± 0.81 years, respectively. The exception ages (p=0.002), body mass index (BMI) values (p=0.033), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels/AST levels (p=3.1*10−4), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels/ALT levels(p=0.001), SHBG levels(p=0.014), and 17β-estradiol levels(p=0.003) in the serum differed significantly between the groups. Moreover, the mean serum 17β-estradiol (E2) levels and weights were higher in the cancer group than in the control group. Nevertheless, the mean serum levels of synthetic liver enzymes (SHBG, ALT, and AST) were lower in the cancer group than in the control group.

Conclusion: In general, the postmenopausal cancer patients had higher serum estrogen levels and BMIs than their healthy counterparts. Furthermore, the levels of liver enzymes apparently decreased in the cancer group, probably owing to liver malfunction.
Hasan Tahsin ve “İlk Kurşun” Üzerine Bir Literatür Analizi
Authors: VURAL Mithat Kadri
Published: July 2019

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın sonunda Paris Konferansı’nda alınan karar gereği 15 Mayıs 1919 günü İzmir şehri, Yunan ordusu tarafından işgal edilir. İşgal sırasında yaşanan kargaşa bir anda Osmanlı ve Batı kamuoyunun gündemine oturur. Sabah saatlerinde rıhtıma çıkan Yunan birlikleri, Saat Kulesi ve Sarıkışla’yı geçip Kemeraltı girişine geldiğinde bir veya bir kaç el silah sesi duyulur. Bunun üzerine Yunan askerleri; kışlaya, hükümet konağına ve alana bağlanan caddelerle, binalara ateş etmeye başlamış, Yunan askerlerinin açtığı ateş sonucunda çok sayıda Müslüman hayatını kaybetmiştir. Yaşananlardan dolayı ilk kurşun veya kurşunların kaynağıyla ilgili tartışmalar resmi raporlara girmiştir. Milli Mücadele yılları dâhil uzun bir dönem Türkiye’de, Kurtuluş Savaşı’nın İzmir’de Yunan askerlerine karşı atılan “ilk kurşunla” başladığı yönünde bir tarihsel anlatıya başvurulmamış, dolayısıyla “ilk kurşunu” kimin attığı ile ilgili de herhangi bir isim 1940’lara kadar da telaffuz edilmemiştir. Özellikle 1960’lardan sonra Hasan Tahsin (Osman Nevres) ismi ile birlikte “ilk kurşun” kavramı da tarih anlatımına eklemlenmiştir. Bu çalışma “ilk kurşunu” kimin nerede attığından ziyade; Hasan Tahsin’in attığını öne süren tarihsel anlatının referansı kabul edilen eserleri ve bu eserlerde sunulan tarihsel kanıtları kritik etmeyi, öte yandan ise Hasan Tahsin ve “ilk kurşun” etrafında dönen tartışmaların tarihsel serüvenine bakmayı hedeflemektedir.
Access of cooperatives to the Tax Incentive for innovation in Brazil
Authors: Calzolaio Aziz Eduardo , Mendina Heitor Jose Cademartori
Published: July 2019

The objective of the present paper is to elucidate the practices performed by farming cooperatives regarding the tax, accounting and administrative management linked to the Tax Incentive for Innovation (TII). In this sense, the relation between the tax regime of cooperatives and access to TII was investigated. For a better understanding of this, a research of qualitative nature, whose investigation method was the single case study, was performed, in which the analysis unit was a Brazilian Agroindustry Cooperatives Central. Such Central comprehends a group of 30 agroindustry cooperatives and has the largest industrial park of powdered milk in Latin America. Besides that, such organization houses Research & Development (R&D) department. As a result, it was inferred that the policies that regiment the incentive for innovation confront the nature of cooperatives, decreasing the capacity such organizations have in the appropriation of this policy. Thus, there is a reducer factor in the participation of cooperatives in TII. Hence, it is suggested a debate involving the diverse actors in the innovation system, in which cooperatives are involved, to decide if such reducer factor must be overcome or accepted. Finally, the tax, accounting and administrative management that routinely operates in the Central was able to respond to the new specific procedures related to the use of the policy in debate, without the implementation of new processes.
Evaluación de la concordancia interobservador de la escala Swede para imágenes colposcópicas digitales
Authors: Castillo-Zamora Marcos Fidel , Mora-Enríquez Julie Angélica , Amaya-Guio Jairo , Salamanca-Mora Sonia , Monsalve-Páez Solange , Granados-Casallas Nicolás
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: evaluar la concordancia interobservador por nivel de entrenamiento al aplicar la escala Swede utilizando imágenes digitales de colposcopias. Materiales y métodos: estudio de concordancia ensamblado en un estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes remitidas para colposcopia por resultado de citología anormal, en un centro de referencia de patología cervical de Bogotá, Colombia. Muestreo por conveniencia. Variables medidas: edad, grado de escolaridad, estado civil, factores de riesgo para cáncer de cérvix (paridad, edad de inicio de la vida sexual, número de contactos sexuales); método de planificación, reporte de la citología y resultado de la colposcopia de acuerdo con los criterios de la escala Swede. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, la concordancia se calculó usando el estadístico kappa (k) ponderado. Resultados: el análisis se realizó con un set de 3 imágenes colposcópicas digitales de 251 pacientes. Para el puntaje total de la escala, dos ginecólogos expertos mostraron una concordancia baja (k = 0,38; IC 95 %: 0,26-0,44), una pareja de dos ginecólogos con diferente nivel de entrenamiento mostró una concordancia baja (k = 0,27; IC 95 %: 0,20-0,38) y el otro par mostró una concordancia moderada (k = 0,45; IC 95 %: 0,34-0,53). Para los criterios individuales de la escala Swede la mejor concordancia se dio para “reacción acetoblanca” y “tamaño de la lesión” (k = 0,43; IC 95 %: 0,33-0,53). Conclusiones: la concordancia interobservador utilizando la escala Swede en imágenes colposcópicas digitales varió de baja a moderada según el nivel de entrenamiento de los ginecólogos.
ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN MICRO TEACHING CALON GURU KIMIA DI FITK UIN RADEN FATAH PALEMBANG
Authors: Olensia Yeva
Published: July 2019

Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan beberapa mahasiswa angkatan 2015 Prodi Pendidikan Kimia FITK UIN Raden Fatah Palembang, banyak dari mahasiswa yang diminta oleh guru pamong untuk langsung mengajar di kelas di sekolah tempat pelaksanaan magang II. Beberapa dari mereka ada yang gugup dan tidak siap untuk langsung praktek mengajar di kelas. Hal ini dikarenakan belum adanya micro-teaching. Tanpa adanya micro teaching sebelum praktek langsung di kelas dikhawatirkan mahasiswa akan mengalami kendala baik dalam penyusunan bahan ajar ataupun kurang menguasai keterampilan dasar mengajar. Micro teaching adalah salah satu cara latihan praktek mengajar di depan kelas bagi calon guru dalam skala mikro sebelum mereka melakukan praktek mengajar di kelas sebenarnya sebagai upaya untuk pengembangan dan peningkatan profesi guru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini menganalisis pelaksanaan micro teaching calon guru kimia di FITK UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. Prosedur micro teaching dalam penelitian ini memodifikasi prosedur tipe kedua yakni prosedur micro teaching di New University of Ulster. Penelitian ini melibatkan 26 orang calon guru kimia Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FITK UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis praktik micro-teaching, observasi dan refleksi pertama sampai ke-enam, menunjukkan bahwa praktik micro teaching calon guru kimia di FITK UIN Raden Fatah Palembang memiliki efek yang signifikan untuk meningkatan keterampilan mengajar dan menyusun perangkat pembelajaran calon guru. Praktik micro teaching akan berjalan lancar apabila dilaksanakan dalam kelomok kecil dan ada pembagian tugas secara rinci baik sebagai supervisor, observer tertulis, observer lisan, dan siswa.
Realismo Grotesco e Carnalidade: Inspirações Bakhtinianas em Estudos de Games
Authors: Majkowski Tomasz Z.
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é reformular a crítica dos retratos do corpo humano e das interações humanas básicas em jogos digitais tendo em conta a teoria do carnavalesco e do realismo grotesco de Mikhail Bakthtin. De acordo com o estudioso russo, a segunda é a convenção estética dominante da primeira, facilitando a representação da essência do carnaval (entendido como visão de mundo, não como festival). Meu argumento é que várias deformações grotescas do corpo em jogos de videogame mainstream e de orçamento alto, como protagonistas masculinos muito musculosos, mulheres hipersexualizadas e inimigos hediondos ou inumanos, assim como a estranha obsessão em produzir cenários fotorrealistas, se configuram firmemente dentro dessa estética. O mesmo se aplica ao corpo fragmentado, incompleto do protagonista em perspectiva de primeira pessoa. O imaginário é ainda mais reforçado pela maneira comum que games AAA lidam com interação humana, pois tendem a reduzir qualquer contato a várias colisões de corpos, jogando qualquer outra convenção social – mesmo uma simples conversa – para fora do terreno do gameplay ou reduzindo-a drasticamente. A mais importante colisão desse tipo é, claro, o combate frequente de natureza violenta excessiva. As lutas conjuram importantes aspectos do carnavalesco: humilhação ritual e o desmantelamento de hierarquias – representadas pela clara estratificação de antagonistas, variando em força e perigo que apresentam ao protagonista – reduzindo-as a sua carnalidade. Esse modo de interpretação abre mais perspectivas em consideração à questão da importância social de jogos de videogame violentos como possíveis veículos de expressão de oposição a ordens políticas e éticas estáticas.
Compreendendo jogos de computador para uma pessoa como sistemas experimentais
Authors: Möring Sebastian
Published: July 2019

Esse artigo analisa e teoriza as condições que permitem a compreensão do gameplay de jogos de computador single player (single player computer game play ou SPCGP no original) como parte de uma prática de produção de conhecimento chamada experimentação. Portanto, baseia-se na teoria de sistema experimental de Hans-Jörg Rheinberger. Tal abordagem é uma contribuição útil ao campo da hermenêutica dos jogos de computador, a medida que permite compreender o gameplay como um processo hermenêutico, assim como, descreve em maiores detalhes o círculo hermenêutico de gameplay. O artigo argumenta que, até então, a experimentação nos Game Studies, e na hermenêutica de jogos tem sido equiparada com processos padrões de gameplay. Em outras palavras, todo gameplay é experimentação. Os exemplos, frequentemente mencionados nesses casos são, entretanto, meros dispositivos teste de acordo com a teoria de Rheinberger. A fim de ser um sistema experimental, os jogos de computador precisam ser capazes de produzir inovações reais por si mesmo. Isso, depende por um lado, do nível de complexidade que um determinado jogo exibe, e por outro, do nível de criatividade de dado jogador. Por fim, o artigo sugere que existem apenas quatro casos diferentes nos quais os jogos de computador tornam se geradores reais de surpresas e, portanto, qualificam ou participam de sistemas experimentais que apresentarei e discutirei: glitches em jogos que facilitam as chamadas façanhas em SPCGP; jogos suficientemente complexos, com alto grau de emergência; o processo de produção de jogos de computador; e jogos que historicamente participam do avanço da ciência.
Direito à Privacidade e Novas Tecnologias: Breves Considerações Acerca da Proteção de Dados Pessoais no Brasil e na Europa
Authors: Facchini Neto Eugênio , Demoliner Karine Silva
Published: July 2019

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar a evolução do conceito de privacidade, sua transformação em direito à autodeterminação informativa e seus impactos normativos. O advento das tecnologias da comunicação e da informação transformou a sociedade contemporânea sob muitos aspectos. Um deles consiste na possibilidade de acessar, armazenar e sistematizar dados sobre cada indivíduo. Esse acúmulo de informações sobre alguém significa poder, político e econômico, diante da possibilidade de influenciar comportamentos. Assim, a privacidade que inicialmente significava o direito de ser deixado só converteu-se em direito de manter controle sobre as próprias informações, especialmente sobre os dados sensíveis. A partir dos anos setenta, com a primazia da Alemanha, diversos países começaram a regulamentar esse importante aspecto das sociedades contemporâneas. Recentemente a União Europeia substituiu Diretiva de 1995 por um novo e mais abrangente Regulamento, que entrou em vigor em maio de 2018. Referido Regulamento, pelo cuidadoso preparo a que foi submetido, tem potencial para influenciar as normas de países não integrantes da União Europeia, como é o caso do Brasil, onde atualmente o Congresso debate importante sistematização legislativa do setor. O presente artigo abordará essa evolução da noção de privacidade, a preocupação com o controle de dados, fazendo breve análise do Regulamento europeu e das propostas legislativas no Brasil. Conclui-se no sentido de que todos os esforços – legislativos e hermenêuticos – devem ser encetados para garantir maior proteção da autodeterminação informativa, pois isso significa, no mundo virtual em que passamos a viver parte de nossas vidas, maior proteção à pessoa humana.