bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PANCASILA SEBAGAI FONDASI UTAMA DALAM IMPLEMENTASI DAN SIGNIFIKANSI NASIONAL
Authors: M. Rafiq Efrianda Hutabarat  , Zainarti Zainarti
Published: September 2024

Jurnal ini menelusuri makna multidimensi Pancasila sebagai ideologi dasar negara Indonesia. Lebih dari sekadar prinsip panduan bagi persatuan nasional, Pancasila berperan sebagai simbol kuat identitas Indonesia dan wadah nilai-nilai inti bangsa. Jurnal ini meneliti konteks historis adopsi Pancasila, menganalisis asal-usulnya dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan dan evolusi selanjutnya menjadi kerangka komprehensif untuk tata pemerintahan. Lebih lanjut, jurnal ini menelusuri implikasi praktis dari implementasi Pancasila, menyoroti pengaruhnya pada berbagai aspek masyarakat Indonesia, termasuk politik, hukum, pendidikan, dan kehidupan sosial. Dengan mengacu pada literatur ilmiah dan analisis historis, makalah ini berpendapat bahwa relevansi Pancasila yang tak lekang oleh waktu terletak pada kemampuannya untuk memupuk kohesi nasional, mempromosikan keadilan sosial, dan memandu Indonesia menuju masa depan yang ditandai dengan perdamaian, kemakmuran, dan cita-cita demokrasi.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Budaya Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru Melalui Motivasi Kerja di Sekolah Dasar Gugus 01 Sugihwaras Bojonegoro
Authors: Kariyono Kariyono
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe, test, and analyze the effects of Transformational Leadership and work culture on teacher performance, both directly and indirectly through teacher motivation, at Elementary School Cluster 01 Sugihwaras Bojonegoro. This research employs a quantitative approach, with a sample of 61 teachers selected using census sampling. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and documentation, and the analysis used Partial Least Squares (PLS). The findings indicate that performance, motivation, transformational leadership, and organizational culture are all rated very high. Transformational leadership and organizational culture have a significant positive effect on teacher motivation. Organizational culture significantly impacts teacher performance, while transformational leadership does not have a direct significant effect on teacher performance. However, transformational leadership significantly affects teacher performance through motivation, and organizational culture significantly impacts teacher performance both directly and through motivation.
Analisis Penerapan Vouching Atas Akun Pendapatan Pada PT. X Oleh KAP XYZ
Authors: Wardhana Ferdy , Haryati Tantina
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini menganalisis prosedur vouching Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) XYZ dalam audit pendapatan PT. X. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil menunjukkan KAP XYZ menerapkan prosedur vouching sistematis, meliputi pemeriksaan dokumen sumber, verifikasi otorisasi, penelusuran catatan akuntansi, dan konfirmasi pihak ketiga. Auditor juga melakukan pengujian substantif untuk menilai kelengkapan, keakuratan, dan cut-off pendapatan. Prosedur ini sesuai dengan standar audit dan praktik terbaik industri. Namun, ada area yang perlu ditingkatkan, seperti pemanfaatan teknologi dan peningkatan pengambilan sampel untuk transaksi berisiko tinggi. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan berharga tentang praktik vouching dalam audit pendapatan. Keterbatasan penelitian meliputi fokus pada satu perusahaan dan KAP. Penelitian lebih lanjut disarankan untuk membandingkan praktik vouching antar perusahaan.
EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) PADA KONSTRUKSI RUMAH TINGGAL (Studi Kasus Perumahan Kalisapu Permai)
Authors: Oktavian Ashab Alkahfi  , Yulia Feriska  , Moh. Tolani
Published: September 2024

Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) is one of the programs that must be implemented in accordance with standard operating procedures (SOP) during construction development in order to protect workers from work accidents that can interfere with workers' activities. Kalisapu permai housing construction needs to be analyzed regarding K3 in order to find out how the implementation of the occupational safety and health (K3) program is adequate, the relationship of variables that can affect K3 to the implementation of the K3 program in the housing construction, and what variables are very influential in the construction. The method used is descriptive hypothesis, multiple regression analysis, multiple correlation analysis, relative contribution. The results of this test show that the implementation of the occupational safety and health (K3) program in kalisapu permai housing construction is classified as good. The relationship between variables that can affect K3 can be made in the equation Y = 5.732 + 0.05 X1 + 0.11 X2 + 0.46 X3, with variables X1 Management Policy, X2 machinery and work equipment. X3 personal protective equipment shows that the implementation of OHS (Y) can be influenced by these three variables. The magnitude of the variable influence obtained from the F test with a correlation value of 0.66 indicates a strong relationship with a coefficient of determination of 44.44%. While the most influential variable is personal protective equipment with a value of 60.02% obtained from the calculation of relative contribution.
PENGARUH MODEL QUANTUM TEACHING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA SDN 050756 ALUR DUA
Authors: Syalsa Dwi Aprina  , Ramadhan Lubis  , Eka Yusnaldi
Published: September 2024

This study is motivated by the lack of student learning outcomes on the results of preliminary observations, it seems that the learning process in class IV SDN 050756 Alur Dua on Jalan Besitang Alur Dua Pasar, Alur Dua Village, Sei Lepan District, Langkat Regency on social studies learning has not been maximally implemented in learning through conventional learning models. Students lack motivation to learn as they should, therefore the learning process in the classroom is less than ideal so that it affects the learning outcomes of students. This research approach used by researchers is a quantitative approach and the type of research using quasi experiment (Pseudo Experiment). This data collection method uses, tests and documentation.  The purpose of the study was to determine the results of whether there are differences in students who get the quantum teaching model and who do not get treatment. The results showed that there was a significant effect of using the Quantum Teaching model, this can be seen from the average value of the post test of each class. The social studies learning outcomes in the experimental class at the beginning of giving the pretest only get an average of 35.02 and the control class gets an average of 42.76. However, after getting treatment and being given a posttest the experimental class got an average result of 71.67 and the control class 58.19. From the research conducted, it was found that there was a significant influence on the social studies learning outcomes of fourth grade students of SDN 050756 Alur Dua. This can be seen based on the t test. The t test obtained t count t table is 2.801 2.048 then, Ho is rejected and Ha  is accepted. Researchers who want to research with similar cases in the future, researchers recommend using subjects and others so that they can be used as comparative studies in improving the quality and quality of education.
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD BERBASIS STEM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DI SEKOLAH DASAR MATERI PERUBAHAN WUJUD BENDA
Authors: Rani Octaviani  , Nirwana Anas  , Ramadan Lubis
Published: September 2024

Critical thinking is very important for every individual in facing various problems in everyday life in order to solve their own problems. Data collection methods in this study include observation, questionnaires, and tests, the tests here include the initial test (pre-test) and the final test (post-test). The level of validity of STEM-based LKPD on the material of changes in the form of objects is said to be very valid, according to the results of the assessment of three experts, namely material experts, namely 84% (very valid), media experts, namely 87.5% (very valid), and class teachers at MIN 7 Medan by 86.3% (very valid). The level of practicality of STEM-based LKPD to improve critical thinking skills on the material of changes in the form of objects is categorized as practical, according to the results of small-scale trials with a percentage of 89.2% with a very practical category, and large-scale trials with a percentage of 91.0% with a very practical category. The level of effectiveness of STEM-based LKPD on the material of changes in the form of objects with an N-Gain score scale assessment is categorized as high, namely 0.73 and is categorized as high to improve critical thinking skills in students with a post-test score of 83.6%. From all the results above, it can be concluded that STEM-based LKPD can improve critical thinking skills in elementary schools, and is suitable for use in the school environment.
Pengaruh Pelatihan Kerja Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Di Kantor Kelurahan Setia Asih Kecamatan Tarumajaya
Authors: Hasna Dwiyanti  , Novita Wahyu Setyawati  , Indah Rizki Maulia
Published: September 2024

This research aims to determine and analyze the effect of Job Training and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at the Setia Asih Subdistrict Office, Tarumajaya District. This type of research is quantitative. The sample used was 35 respondents from Setia Asih Village, Tarumajaya District. To test and prove the research hypothesis using the SPSS version 26 application. The results of the research that has been carried out are that the independent variables have a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable. Based on the test results and data analysis for the Job Training variable, it was obtained that the t-value was 2.489 > 1.692 (t-table) with a sig of 0.018 < 0.05, meaning that Job Training (X1) had a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance (Y). Then the Work Discipline variable obtained a t-count value of 4.008 > 1.692 (t-table) with a sig of 0.000 < 0.05, which means that Work Discipline (X2) has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance (Y) and it is known that the f-count is 18.930 > 3.295 (Ftable) with a sig value of 0.000 < 0.05 that simultaneously Job Training (X1) and Work Discipline (X2) have a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance (Y).
Pengaruh Displin Kerja Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Pada PT Bumi Arta Mukti
Authors: Herlina Febriyanti  , Rycha Kuwara Sari  , Ferawaty Puspitorini
Published: September 2024

This research aims to determine or test (1) the influence of work discipline on work productivity at PT Bumi Arta Mukti (2) the influence of workload on work productivity at PT Bumi Arta Mukti (3) the influence of work discipline and workload on work productivity at PT Bumi Arta Mukti. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. The sampling technique in this research used saturated sampling, namely the entire population was sampled, a total of 77 employees at PT Bumi Arta Mukti. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression, validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests consisting of normality tests, multicollinearity tests, heteroscedasticity tests, and hypothesis tests. The data was processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. The results of this research show that (1) work discipline has a positive effect on employee work productivity at PT Bumi Arta Mukti (2) workload has a positive effect on employee work productivity at PT Bumi Arta Mukti and (3) discipline work and workload influence simultaneously or together on employee work productivity at PT Bumi Arta Mukti.
Pengaruh Sarana Prasarana Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran Kota Bekasi
Authors: Novita Syahidah Sari  , Sugeng Suroso  , Ery Teguh Prasetyo
Published: September 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of infrastructure and work discipline on the performance of Bekasi City Fire Department employees.  The research method used is quantitative research, where this research is used to examine certain populations and samples, data collection uses research instruments, quantitative or statistical data analysis, aims to test predetermined hypotheses.  The sampling technique used was saturated sampling technique or the entire population was sampled. The population in this study was 55 respondents.  Data analysis uses Smart PLS 4.0 software and hypothesis testing, namely the t test and F test. Based on the results of the path coefficient hypothesis test, there are P-values ​​of 0.000 or < 0.05 and the t-statistics value of infrastructure has a value of 5,713 or > 1.96, it is stated that there is a significant influence between the infrastructure variables on employee performance.  Based on the results of the path coefficient hypothesis test, there is a P-value of 0.002 or <0.05 and the t-statistics value of work discipline has a value of 3,080 or > 1.96, so it is stated that there is a significant influence between the work discipline variable on employee performance.
Pengaruh Beban Kerja Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT XYZ
Authors: Nurul Aulia Pratama  , Rycha Kuwara Sari  , Ferawaty Puspitorini
Published: September 2024

This research aims to determine whether there is a significant influence between workload and work discipline on the performance employees of PT XYZ. The method used in this research is a quantitative method. The sampling technique used in this research is saturated sampling or the entire population is sampled. The population in this study was 60 respondents. Data analysis using Smart-PLS4 software and hypothesis testing, namely the t test (partial test). Based on the results of the path coefficient hypothesis test, there is a p-value of 0.000 or <0.05 and the t¬-statistics value of workload has a value of 4,063 or > 1.96, so it can be stated that there is a significant influence between workload variables on employee performance. Based on the results of the path coefficient hypothesis test, there is a p-value of 0.000 or <0.05 and the t-statistics value of work discipline has a value of 5,248 or >1.96, so it can be stated that there is a significant influence between work discipline variables on employee performance.
ANALISIS CURRENT RATIO DAN DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO TERHADAP RETURN ON EQUITY PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR INDUSTRI DASAR DAN KIMIA SUB SEKTOR SEMEN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Muhammad Miftahul Khoiri  , Aulia Aulia
Published: September 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of the current ratio and debt to equity ratio on return on equity in Cement Sub-Sector Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study are cement sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample used in this research is based on predetermined criteria, the number of agricultural sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018 - 2023 that have met the criteria in sampling is 6 companies. The results of the partial analysis show that the Current Ratio has a partial positive and significant effect on the Return On Equity of cement sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Debt to Equity Ratio has a positive and partially significant effect on Return On Equity of cement sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Current Ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Return On Equity in cement sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
An Examination of the Unity, Distinction, and Interaction of Religion and Ethics from the Perspective of Ṣadr al-Muta’allihīn
Authors: Roozbeh Mohammad Rasool
Published: September 2024

The relationship between religion and ethics is one of the oldest issues in the philosophy of ethics, tracing back to Socrates and Plato’s Euthyphro. In recent centuries, this issue has gained renewed attention, as contemporary religious philosophers, observing a lack of spirituality in Western society, have turned back to religion and theological concerns, reviving Renaissance ideals. Interestingly, both religious and atheistic philosophers (such as Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud) have developed theories on this matter. In terms of the importance and precedence of religion and ethics, it can be noted that both concepts date back to the emergence of humanity, although religion in the sense of religious law began with Noah. The discussions presented here aim to impartially address various viewpoints without favoring any particular stance. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method to examine Mullā Ṣadrā’s perspective on religion and ethics, exploring the relationship between these concepts from the standpoint of Ṣadr al-Muta’allihīn. According to the findings, Ṣadrā’s transcendent philosophy, with its unique approach, connects humanity existentially to God, directing individuals toward their ultimate purpose. He identifies the perfection of the human soul and the attainment of happiness as the ultimate goal of human existence. Through this lens, humans have the potential to ascend to the level of angels, provided they embark on the path of perfection and adhere to the divine teachings conveyed by the prophets.
The Impact of Islamic Laws on Food Security and Agricultural Development Using Quranic Verses and Hadiths of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (PBUH)
Authors: Talebi Majid , Nakhjaei Mirza
Published: September 2024

This article examines the impact of Islamic laws on food security and agricultural development through the use of Quranic verses and the hadiths of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (PBUH). Food security and agricultural development are critical issues in Islamic societies, where Islamic laws and rulings play a significant role in their improvement. In this study, the concept of food security is first reviewed from the perspectives of international organizations and Islam, followed by an explanation of the importance of agriculture in Islamic teachings, with an emphasis on Quranic verses and the hadiths of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (PBUH). Additionally, Islamic jurisprudential laws related to agriculture, such as the revival of barren lands and the role of zakat and khums in agricultural development, are discussed. The practical effects of Islamic laws on food security and agriculture are further analyzed by examining successful examples in Islamic countries and reviewing successful policies in this area. Finally, the challenges faced by Islamic societies in the fields of agriculture and food security, as well as practical solutions to improve the current situation, are presented. The findings of this study demonstrate that Islamic laws can play an important role in improving food security and agricultural development, and continued research in this field can contribute to the formulation of more comprehensive and effective policies.
The Perspective of Martyr Motahhari and John Rawls on Gender Justice in Education
Authors: Safa Hakimeh , Mashinchi Aliasghar , Ranjbar Mokhtar
Published: September 2024

The aim of the present study is to conduct a comparative analysis of gender justice in education from the perspectives of Martyr Motahhari and John Rawls in order to propose a model. This research is applied in terms of its objectives and employs a comparative content analysis approach for data collection. Initially, data were gathered through note-taking and information recording, leading to the identification of comparative components in the thoughts of Martyr Motahhari and John Rawls, with the purpose of proposing a model. The research scope included books, articles, and studies that focused on the comparative education perspectives of Martyr Motahhari and John Rawls, with the aim of proposing a model. A total of 130 volumes were selected through purposive and criterion-based sampling, ensuring their relevance and currency with the subject matter. The study encompassed all books, articles, and published research, which were coded by various researchers using a coding method. The tools used for data collection were note-taking from credible sources, articles, and documents, conducted in a library or archival manner. The data analysis method involved coding techniques, including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The findings indicated that the previous research conducted by other scholars somewhat aligns with the results obtained in this study, and some of the indicators and components identified in the present research are validated by previous findings. After reviewing and studying the theoretical foundations, research background, and documentation in articles and with researchers, 4 dimensions, 16 components, and 48 indicators were ultimately identified. These include value-oriented components comprising 4 components and 12 indicators, anthropological components comprising 4 components and 12 indicators, epistemological components comprising 4 components and 12 indicators, and psychological components comprising 4 components and 12 indicators.
The Impact of Criminological Teachings on Criminal Responsibility with Emphasis on the School of Zemiology and Neurocriminology
Authors: Aghapour Ali , Mansourabadi Abbas , Akbari Abbasali
Published: September 2024

This article examines the impact of criminological teachings on criminal responsibility, focusing on the School of Zemiology and Neurocriminology. The School of Zemiology emphasizes ensuring social justice and seeks to move beyond the discourse of "crime" toward a theory that encompasses the study of serious harms resulting from political and social decisions. On the other hand, Neurocriminology, by analyzing the biological and neurological influences on criminal behavior, underscores the importance of scientific understanding of brain processes and genetics in determining criminal responsibility. The combination of these two approaches leads to a more comprehensive understanding of criminal responsibility. The present research is of a descriptive and causal type, conducted through a library-documentary method. The findings indicate that the teachings of the School of Zemiology are based on the acceptance of absolute criminal responsibility, meaning that punishment will be directed at the perpetrator of the crime without the need to establish a psychological element; in other words, criminal responsibility is presumed. Furthermore, the School of Zemiology advocates for the accountability of states and the adoption of criminal sanctions in response to state crimes and harms. On the other hand, the adoption of Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code (2013), which is based on criminal maturity and the judiciary’s approach to it, aligns with the teachings of Neurocriminology. The Neurocriminological approach highlights the necessity of considering para-legal interventions alongside legal interventions and points to the importance of scientific understanding of neurological and biological processes in determining criminal responsibility.
The role of the administrative decentralization system in realizing the health of the administrative system
Authors: Yarifar Esmaeil , Rostami Soraya , Rahimi Rohollah , Sheikh Movahed Mahdi
Published: September 2024

In recent decades, many nation-states have sought to design or reform their systems for delegating and devolving authority to their local units. Decentralization is an interdisciplinary topic that intersects with law, political science, and public administration. Iran, following and emulating prevalent international models—most notably the successful French model of decentralization—has attempted to delegate administrative, political, and legislative powers, or more precisely "empowerment," in many local matters to local units such as councils. Despite numerous challenges, including ethnic nationalism and governmental policies, some successes have been achieved. One of these achievements, which is the primary focus of the present article, is combating administrative corruption. This article, using a descriptive-analytical method and through the study and review of various sources, aims to explain the aforementioned approach to decentralization and the administrative decentralization system as an optimal model of local democracy in combating corruption and enhancing the integrity of the administrative system. Thus, the main question of this research is: What impact does the administrative decentralization system, as an optimal model of local democracy, have on combating corruption and enhancing the integrity of the administrative system? Considering various dimensions of the issue and emphasizing the multiple ambiguities highlighted by the author, including structural and competency barriers, the lack of formulated executive principles, and challenges related to the central government's oversight of local governments, the findings of this study indicate that the administrative decentralization system, by reducing the size of administrative organizations, on one hand, reduces opportunities for corruption and, on the other hand, clarifies responsibilities and aligns the administrative system with the intended tasks. These factors facilitate the processes of control, oversight, and inspection, thereby enhancing the integrity of the administrative system.
Differentiation of Legislative Criminal Policy Responses to Apparent Crimes in Cyberspace
Authors: Javanbakht Amir Hossein , Khodadadi Abolghasem , Saed Mohammad Jafar
Published: September 2024

Attention to the characteristics and distinctions of crimes being committed in cyberspace has led to the formulation of a differentiated approach compared to crimes committed in the physical world, making it comprehensible to the audience of this crime. Therefore, examining the unique characteristics of cybercrimes guides us to the understanding that the models of crime commission in this space will have significant distinctions from those of traditional crimes. Consequently, the differentiation of criminal policy responses in cyberspace, particularly concerning apparent crimes, has led us to investigate important components that assist in this regard. The research method is descriptive-analytical, utilizing library resources for its composition.
Rule-Making in International Law in the Post-State-Centric Era
Authors: Alikhani Hamid , Rouhi Ebad , Azadbakht Farid
Published: September 2024

The present study was conducted to examine the position of rule-making in international law in the post-state-centric era, and it was carried out through the study of documentary and library sources. All legal systems have mechanisms for enacting rules; however, this issue faces challenges in the international legal system. This is because, in international law, there is no written law that explicitly defines rule-making powers, nor is there a legislative body that can impose international rules on states without their consent. Rule-making in international law had long been carried out through treaties and customary law—although today, one cannot deny the significant role of these two legal sources. In addition, judicial interpretations also play a remarkable role in the growth and development of international law. In the post-state-centric era, considering the developments of the international community, merely declaring rights by the most important international judicial body overlooks the potential effects that it can have in addressing gaps or the absence of rules and, when necessary, in amending existing rules and introducing new concepts. By recognizing such a role for the Court as an institution that seeks to discover and clarify rules through its interpretations, the further development of international law can be facilitated.
Designing an Optimal Model for the Role of Civil Society in Crime Prevention within the Iranian Criminal Justice System
Authors: Hoseyni Sayed Heydar , Abdinezhad Saleh , Shekarbeigi Alireza
Published: September 2024

The present study aims to design an optimal model for the role of civil society in crime prevention within the Iranian criminal justice system. To address this issue, a qualitative research strategy utilizing thematic analysis was employed. The research data were collected through semi-standardized interviews with 12 experts in the fields of criminal law and criminology, who were selected using theoretical sampling. The data were analyzed through thematic network analysis, and a conceptual network measurement model was constructed. The findings from the qualitative research indicated that the design of an optimal model for the role of civil society in crime prevention within the Iranian criminal justice system includes the overarching theme of: 1) External strategies, which encompass updating and resolving legal and regulatory issues, adopting preventive criminal policy, addressing implementation problems, strengthening the position of civil society, enhancing social capital within the community, promoting public education and awareness, and resolving socio-economic issues; and 2) Internal strategies, which consist of applying knowledge management in crime prevention and strengthening the structure and management of civil society institutions. Additionally, to validate the constructed themes and model, two methods were used: the communicative validation approach and the auditing method. For reliability assessment, two methods were employed: repeatability and transferability.
Examining the Criminal Responsibility of Minors in Light of the 2013 Islamic Penal Code
Authors: Sadeghian Lamraski Mohaddeseh , Mohammadi Sahar , Yazarluo Mitra
Published: September 2024

Although Iranian criminal law, similar to other jurisprudential-legal schools, considers minors to lack criminal responsibility, it has explicitly addressed in various legal articles, including Article 88 of the Islamic Penal Code (IPC), the commission of crimes by this age group, and has specified discretionary punishments, Hudud, retribution (Qisas), and blood money (Diyat). However, due to the offender's age and lack of maturity, they are deemed deserving of protective and educational measures rather than punitive sanctions. The aim of this article is to examine the aspects of maturity and its impact on the criminal responsibility of individuals, followed by the type of judicial response within the framework of Iran's modern criminal policy. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and gathering sources and documents through library-based studies, concludes that although the IPC refers to the criminal responsibility of minors in several articles, according to the explicit wording of Article 146 of the IPC, with reference to Article 2 of the IPC, which defines criminal behavior as one that entails a specific punishment, not protective and educational measures, the behavior committed by a minor cannot be considered a crime. Consequently, a minor never bears criminal responsibility, and protective and educational measures are solely for the purpose of discipline, correction, and preventing recidivism in the future.
A Comparative Study on the Nature of Registration and Means of Transferring Ownership of Immovable Property in Islamic Jurisprudence, Iranian Law, and U.S. Law
Authors: Najafi Ali Akbar , Alebouyeh Ali , Moradi Hasan
Published: September 2024

In accordance with the recognition of international charters and most modern constitutions, the right to ownership and its transfer can be defined as one of the natural and fundamental human rights, granting citizens the right to own and dispose of property, as well as to transfer it, without conflict between their individual right to own property on one hand and the state's right to acquire ownership on the other. This issue gradually sets the groundwork for the transfer of ownership of immovable property. Therefore, the present article, employing a descriptive-analytical research method and reviewing legal documents, aims to address the question of what similarities and differences exist in the nature of the means of transferring ownership of immovable property in Islamic jurisprudence, Iranian law, and U.S. law. The findings of the research indicate that, firstly, there are significant similarities regarding the registration of transactions involving immovable property in Islamic jurisprudence, Iranian law, and U.S. law. These similarities can be viewed from two perspectives: on one hand, all three legal systems emphasize and focus on the registration of transactions, including those involving immovable property; on the other hand, sale is considered one of the means of transferring ownership of immovable property in all three systems. However, in Islamic law, the failure to document a transaction does not invalidate the legal action. Rather, in accordance with verse 282 of Surah Al-Baqarah, it can be proven through testimony and confession. Secondly, although Iranian law, following Imamiyyah jurisprudence, considers the conclusion of a sale contract as a means of transferring ownership of immovable property, various factors, including the wording of specific articles—particularly Article 48 of the Registration Act—have prevented the legislator's full intent from being realized. In practice, the transfer of real estate has become widespread through the use of informal documents known as "commitment letters" and "sale agreements" in real estate agencies.
Comparison of the Theory of Trust and Similar Institutions in Iranian and Common Law
Authors: Zafaranchi Hale , Mokhtar Neam , Masoudi Naser
Published: September 2024

The theory of trust is one of the most important theories in the law of obligations and stands in contrast to the theory of will sovereignty. This theory has a direct relationship with good faith. The theory of trust contains specific elements that have sparked differing opinions in common law countries. The United States, Canada, and Australia have accepted it, while countries like England have rejected it, similarly to how they reject unilateral obligations. This theory shares common points with the principles of unjust enrichment and reliance on property or actions and has been studied in relation to the theory of consideration. However, the characteristics of this theory include unpredictability, lack of comprehensiveness, lack of explanatory power, the absence of a necessary link between trust and obligation, the imposition of liability without fault, ambiguity in the concept of trust, undesirable judicial outcomes, and disregard for moral virtues. As mentioned, in Iranian law, some rules, such as the principles of unjust enrichment and reliance, bear similarities to this theory in non-contractual liabilities. In contrast, in common law, this theory has been compared and analyzed alongside estoppel, good faith, and unilateral obligations. Therefore, the present research conducts a comparative study of the evolution and scope of the application of the theory of trust in the law of obligations in Iran and common law through an analytical and descriptive method. It concludes that the acceptance of the theory of trust in both common law and Iranian legal systems is subject to criticism and, despite its similarities to various institutions such as agency, unjust enrichment, and reliance, it is more frequently raised in the context of civil liability than in the realm of obligations.
Influence Of Social Media On Gen-Z's Dermatological Practices: A Review
Authors: Haniya Safia , Pegouske David , Shahrour Nesreen , Wahagheghe Kristina , Moossavi Meena
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Social media has become an important part of Generation Z (Gen-Z) lifestyle, serving as a platform for communication with peers, sharing content, and exploring various topics, including skincare and dermatological information. As the association between social media usage and skincare among Gen-Z garners increasing attention, this review seeks to examine studies investigating social media’s role in influencing Gen Z's dermatological behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in major databases to identify relevant studies published between 2014 and 2024. Keywords used include "social media" (including specific platforms), "Gen-Z," "skin care," “adolescent,” and "dermatology," as well as other related terms. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to 73 studies, a total of 21 studies were included in this review. Results: Findings indicate that social media use can influence Gen-Z skincare practices, including the use of skincare products and desire for cosmetic procedures. Additionally, social media can impact self-esteem and body image, leading to unhealthy skincare practices. Conversely, social media can be a source of accessible information about skincare and positive behavior change. Social media is also effective in reducing stigmatization of dermatoses, fostering interpersonal connections among patients with dermatological conditions, and recruiting participants for research studies. However, social media often underrepresents adverse effects and preventive measures. Conclusion: Overall, this review highlights the need for greater awareness and education about the potential impacts of social media on Gen-Z skincare practices. Dermatologists can provide guidance and support to adolescents and young adults navigating social media to promote healthy skincare practices.
Examining the Reproducibility of Search Strategies in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in Top-Impact Dermatology Journals
Authors: Ghebrehiwet Merhawit , LeHew Karissa , Hughes Griffin , Vassar Matt
Published: September 2024

Introduction Systematic reviews depend on thorough search strategies, yet reproducibility remains inconsistent in medicine and surgery journals. It is unknown how dermatology journals are affected. In our cross-sectional study, we aim to analyze systematic reviews and meta-analyses in dermatology journals to determine factors influencing the inclusion of reproducible search strategies. Understanding these aspects will enhance the transparency and reliability of published studies. Methods We identified the top five dermatology journals using Google Scholar Metrics h-5 index. On January 12th, 2024, we searched PubMed for systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2018 and 2022. We coded the minimum requirements of a reproducible search strategy: database name, range of search, search terms with boolean operators, and limitations. Additionally, support from clinical librarians and adherence to reporting guidelines were included in the assessment. Results In a masked, duplicate fashion, we screened 794 studies for titles and abstracts, then 290 studies for full text. Two hundred eighty-four studies from 5 dermatology journals were included. Most studies included the first and last dates searched (69 and 61%, respectively) and specific search terms (91%). In 46% of the studies, limits were employed in the search strategy. According to our coding standards, 50% of the studies were able to provide full and reproducible search strategies. Conclusion Although recommendations for comprehensive search strategy reporting, half of the included articles in our study lacked reproducibility. Further investigation is warranted to explore methods for enhancing reproducibility of search strategies in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Unraveling the Role of the Skin Microbiome in Immunodermatological Diseases: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Frasier Kelly , Fonceca Haley , Fritts Haily
Published: September 2024

The skin microbiome, comprising diverse microbial communities, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cutaneous homeostasis and modulating immune responses in immunodermatological diseases. This review provides an overview of recent research investigating the interplay between the skin microbiome and autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory skin conditions, such as psoriasis, eczema, and acne vulgaris. This literature review was conducted using PubMed, searching the keywords "skin microbiome and immunodermatological diseases," "therapeutic interventions for skin microbiota," "skin disease and microbiome-host interaction," “immune response in dermatology,” “cutaneous microbiome,” "skin microbiome and allergies," "inflammatory skin conditions and microbiome," and “immune-mediated skin diseases.” A total of 53 articles were included in this review. Current evidence suggests that alterations in the skin microbiome composition, termed dysbiosis, may contribute to disease pathogenesis and exacerbate inflammation in immunodermatological disorders. Furthermore, microbial-derived metabolites and immune-modulating factors produced by commensal bacteria can influence local immune responses and skin barrier function. Future research directions include evaluating the mechanisms by which the skin microbiome interacts with the host immune system, identifying microbial biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis, and exploring microbiome-targeted therapeutic interventions, such as probiotics, microbial transplantation, and microbial metabolite supplementation. By leveraging insights from microbiome research, personalized approaches to managing immunodermatological diseases may offer novel therapeutic avenues for restoring skin immune homeostasis and improving patient outcomes.
Psychiatric Sequelae of Chronic Pruritic Dermatoses
Authors: Frasier Kelly , Li Vivian , Fritts Haily , Click Kathleen , Dudzik Christina , Rodriguez Evadne , Stech Karina
Published: September 2024

This comprehensive review investigates the significant psychological impact and profound psychological comorbidities found in individuals suffering from chronic pruritic dermatoses, including atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, and prurigo nodularis. Highlighting the complex, reciprocal relationship between pruritus and psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances, this paper elucidates the comprehensive impact of dermatological disorders on the skin in addition to the far-reaching effects on an individual’s psychological well-being. By evaluating the efficacy of integrated psychodermatological interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness practices, pharmacological treatments, and innovative telepsychiatry and digital health solutions, this review aims to lay the foundation for a more holistic approach to treatment of concurrent dermatological and psychiatric conditions. Future research endeavors should delve deeper into the mechanistic foundation of the pruritus-psychiatry interface, the refinement of tailored treatment strategies, and the evaluation of long-term patient outcomes. In doing so, this review seeks to contribute to the optimization of patient care and well-being, underscoring the pivotal role of addressing both dermatological and psychological needs in achieving comprehensive health outcomes.
Igniting Awareness: Assessing Healthcare Providers' Understanding of Firefighter Cancer Risks
Authors: Tieu Ivana , Hang Elizabeth , Kerai Suraiya , Stroupe Kayley , SHah Mauli , Zeynep Deligonul Fatma , Cascella Meenal , Gallagher Ryan , Kendrix Okeibunor Chukwuedo , Hamblin Rachelle
Published: September 2024

Firefighters are at increased risk for skin cancer from exposure to fireground carcinogens, UV radiation, and other occupational hazards. Despite known risk factors, agencies such as the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) do not include recommendations for routine skin cancer screenings in their general guidelines. Moreover, limited provider understanding of the unique health challenges firefighters encounter has resulted in a lack of awareness in the healthcare community regarding these increased skin cancer threats. This raises concern as providers are crucial in conducting skin cancer screenings and advocating for preventive measures for patients, especially firefighters. To better understand healthcare provider perspectives, the San Antonio Fire Department (SAFD) administered a questionnaire assessing healthcare providers’ knowledge of firefighter cancer, including rates, risks, and policies, to healthcare providers attending the second annual SAFD “Firefighter Cancer Prevention and Wellness Fair” in January and February 2024, sharing de-identified results with the research team. The results indicate a majority of healthcare providers have limited knowledge about skin cancer in firefighters and are unaware of the major risks affecting members of this occupation. Approximately 70 healthcare providers participated in the questionnaire; of those, 4% passed the basic firefighter cancer knowledge quiz (>70% correct answers) and 18% scored higher than 50%. The mean score was 34%. While the SAFD skin cancer screenings revealed a smoldering knowledge gap among providers in understanding firefighter cancer risk, this study underscores the necessity of educating more healthcare professionals about the men and women who dedicate their lives to keeping ours safe.
Advancements in Topical Treatments for Acne Vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Fritts Haily , Frasier Kelly , Johnson Aria
Published: September 2024

Acne vulgaris remains a challenging dermatological condition, necessitating a nuanced understanding of the evolving landscape of topical treatments. This literature review examines the multifaceted aspects of topical therapies for acne vulgaris, meticulously examining their efficacy, safety profile, and patient satisfaction. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Scholar Google, searching the keywords "Acne vulgaris treatments," “Acne vulgaris topical treatments,” "topical acne treatments," "benzoyl peroxide acne treatment," "salicylic acid acne treatment," “topical antibiotics for acne,” “acne antibiotics,” and “acne oral treatment.” A total of 52 articles were screened for this review. Leveraging recent clinical trials, randomized controlled studies, and meta-analyses, this review scrutinizes the mechanisms of action and adverse effects associated with commonly prescribed topical agents, including retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and topical antibiotics. Furthermore, emerging trends in combination topical and oral therapies are explored, highlighting the potential for personalized treatment approaches tailored to individual patient needs. By synthesizing current evidence and identifying areas for improvement, this review aims to equip dermatologists with a comprehensive understanding of topical acne treatments, facilitating informed decision-making and enhancing patient-centered care strategies. Our analysis serves as a crucial tool for dermatologists, focusing on a specific understanding of the current landscape of topical treatments for acne vulgaris and empowers clinicians to make informed decisions, thereby enhancing the quality of care and outcomes for patients.