bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A történetiség elve és a „jelen horizontja” az irodalomtanítás kánonjaiban
Authors: Kulin Ferenc
Published: January 2019

Annak illusztrálására, hogy ennek a konferenciának a témája nem csupán hazánkban aktuális, hadd idézzem Harold Bloom néhány soros vallomását:„Egy nagy amerikai egyetemen irodalomtanítással töltött élet után meglehetősen kevéssé vagyok biztos afelől, hogy az irodalomtanítás túl fogja élni jelenlegi válságát. Közel negyven éve kezdtem tanári pályámat, olyan egyetemi környezetben, melyet T. S. Eliot nézetei uraltak; olyan nézetek, melyek dühítettek engem, s amelyek ellen olyan erővel küzdöttem, amennyire csak tudtam. Ma a hip-hop professzoraival, a francia-német elméletek másolataival, a nemek és szexuális elkötelezettségek ideológusaival, a korlátlan felelőtlenségű és számú multikulturalistával körülvéve, már látom: az irodalom szak balkanizációja visszafordíthatatlan.”
Németh László tanáreszménye
Authors: Vincze Tamás
Published: January 2019

Jókai Anna egy esszéjében ezt írta a pedagógus Németh Lászlóról: „A gyerekeket önálló gondolkodásra szorította. Az elvont fogalmakat érthetővé fordította, testközelbe hozta. De hogy teljességében mi a jó tanár titka, varázsa, nem hagyta receptül.” (Jókai, 2000. 66.) Ez a kijelentés mégsem teljesen helytálló. Ha arra gondolunk, hogy Németh László írt ugyan egy esszét A jó tanár címmel, de ebben nem tanári erénykatalógust vázolt fel, hanem az édesapjának állított emléket, még részben egyet is érthetnénk az írónő megállapításával. Németh László életművének a különböző darabjaiból, a pedagógiai és önéletrajzi esszéiből, beszédeiből, regényeiből és drámáiból azonban rekonstruálható egy határozott körvonalú tanáreszmény, amely a „modern szent” arcvonásait viseli. Hiba lenne azt gondolni, hogy ilyen tanárokkal csupán könyvek lapjain lehet találkozni, Németh több olyan tanárral is kapcsolatot tartott az élete során, akik megközelítették az általa megálmodott eszményt.
The need for concept of efficiency evaluation of security control at airports
Authors: Vokáč Roman , Van den Bergh Sarah
Published: January 2019

There are many demands placed on centralized security checkpoints of passenger and cabin luggage. Among the most important rank requirements for high passenger satisfaction, assurance of high security check effectiveness and operational efficiency. These three base requirements, however, do not support each other and in some ways they even conflict. Other aspects influencing operational security control are ever increasing volumes of handled passengers and the efforts to reduce flight ticket prices. Operational efficiency evaluation and targeted control are supported by the possibility to assure specific basic requirements. These include assuring required amount of security control staff, on the right place and at the right time. In sequence, a concept of security control efficiency evaluation is needed for operational, tactical and strategic planning.
Dermatophytosis of the feet – two sides of one problem
Authors: Sokolova T. , Montes Rоsel K. , Malyarchuk A. , Saverskaja E.
Published: January 2019

Dermatophytosis of feet is a significant interdisciplinary problem of medicine. The frequency of superficial skin mycoses in patients with chronic diseases of internal organs and endocrinopathies reaches 22, 3%. According to the multicentre study conducted in Russia in 2012-2013 years, concomitant somatic pathology was recorded in every third (38.5%) of patients with foot dermatophytosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence and features of the flow of foot dermatophytosis in patients hospitalized in hospitals of a multi-disciplinary medical institution. In different departments of the hospital were examined 98 patients for the presence of dermatophytosis of feet. Laboratory diagnosis was carried out bacterioscopically to identify a true septate mycelium. Dermatophytosis of the feet was detected in 57 (58.2%) inpatients. Men in 6,3 times prevailed over women (86% vs. 14%), the socially-active age group from 18 to 35 years was 45,6%, the disease duration for more than a year had 71.9% of patients. The remaining 47 (82.5%) patients in the case histories had a standard record of "skin and visible mucous membranes not altered" or a description of the skin at all. A detailed clinical description of foot dermatophytosis is given: the occurrence and description of clinical forms of the disease, onychomycosis, complications, mycoallergenes. The causes of late diagnosis of dermatophytosis of feet by doctors of related specialties are systematized. Significant role is played also by the patient's reluctance to inform the doctor about the presence of his foot fungus.
Immunological pecularities of recipients of renal transplant
Authors: Zybleva S. , Zyblev S. , Novikov P. , Svistunova E. , Shitikova M.
Published: January 2019

Objective. To study immunopathological disorders in renal allograft recipients with terminal stage of chronic kidney disease. Material and Methods. There were studied 119 medical cases of patients with terminal renal insufficiency (tCKD). The amount of leucocyte subpopulation CD19+, CD3+, CD3-CD16+CD56+, CD3+CD16+CD56+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, and as well as of lymphocytes expressing activation receptors of CD3+HLA-DR+, CD3+CD38+, CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+, immunoglobulins G, A, С3- and С4-components of the complement were assessed within the patients. Results. There was detected a decrease of the main subpopulations of T lymphocytes CD3+ lymphocytes (рabs=0,033), T helper CD3+CD4+ (рrel=0,002 and pabs=0,001) and T-cytotoxic lymphocytes CD3+CD8+ (рrel=0,006 and рabs=0,001), CD3-CD16+CD56+ lymphocytes (рabs=0,045) within the patients with terminal stage of chronic kidney disease who were on renal replacement therapy; an increase of the subpopulation of TNK-lymphocytes (CD3+CD16+CD56+) (рrel=0,015) was also detected; an increase in the concentration of C4 component of the complement was detected (p=0,014). There was detected positive level correlation of C3-component of the complement (rs=+0,49; р=0,007), C4-component of the complement (rs=+0,37; р=0,049) and CIC (rs=+0,4; р=0,029) with the duration of the hemodialysis, and C3-component of the complement (rs=+0,79; р=0,034), CIC (rs=+0,39; р=0,0334), IgG (rs=+0,845; р=0,008) and IgA (rs=+0,732; р=0,039) with the duration of peritoneal dialysis. Conclusion. Thus, the immune system dysfunction within the patients with terminal kidney disease on renal replacement therapy in the form of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is associated with a change in the quantitative composition, functional activity and cooperation between immunocompetent cells.
New concept about mechanisms of the germination of drug hypersensitivity
Authors: Tyulganova D. , Nasaev S. , Titerina E. , Rodionova M. , Chugreev I.
Published: January 2019

In the review of the literature data, the usual views on the pathogenesis of drug hypersensitivity reactions mediated by the reactions of antibodies with antigens are briefly presented. In addition, data, that give an idea of ​​other, fundamentally different mechanisms, which are described by a new concept of the interaction of drugs with the cells of the immune system are presented. It is shown that the processes, that this concept operates on, have practical clinical significance, studies in this field can supplement the usual views on the mechanisms of the formation of drug hypersensitivity reactions, and further research in this field can make a significant contribution to the prevention of pathological conditions associated with taking medications, to present the possibility of differential diagnosis of such reactions and, consequently, to increase the effectiveness of measures to stop these conditions.
Activation of CD4+ T- and NK-lymphocytes by components of dental materials in cases of their bio-intolerance
Authors: Karpuk I. , Novikov D.
Published: January 2019

Aim of the study: the effect of the components of dental materials in vitro on the expression of activation molecules of T-lymphocytes and natural killers (NK) of blood in patients with intolerance to dental materials (IDM). Methods of examination: 22 patients with positive skin application tests (AT) with solutions of metal salts (NiCl2 (3%), CrCl3 (3%), CoCl2 (1%) and complaints of intolerance to dental materials (IDM), and 21 patient without IDM. CD4 +CD25+CD45+ T-lymphocyte and CD16+CD56+CD69+CDE+ NK-lymphocytes were determined after incubation with prosthetic fragments fluid (PFF) and metal salts solution (MSS): Ni-HSA, Cr-HSA, Co-HSA. Results: activation of CD4 + T-lymphocytes in response to stimulation by PFF and MSS was detected. As an outcome of the study, a number of regularities in the expression of markers for T-lymphocytes and NK-lymphocytes activation were established. The results confirm the potential role of CD4+ CD25+CD45+ T-lymphocytes and CD16+CD56+CD69+ NK-lymphocytes in the development of hypersensitivity to CDM. After a 24-hour blood incubation of patients with objective signs of IDM and positive AT results to metal salts with PFF and MSS, the number of CD4+CD25+CD45+ T-lymphocytes, CD16+CD56+CD69+ NK-lymphocytes increased, whereas in patients of the control group it did not. The peripheral blood T-lymphocytes of patients from this group also responded to HSA stimulation by the increased expression of CD25 molecules. Conclusion: the method of CDM hypersensitivity diagnosis by measuring increasing CD4+CD25+CD45+ T-lymphocytes and CD16+CD56+CD69+ NK-lymphocytes using PFF and MSS as stimulants can serve as a reliable test for the diagnosis of intolerance to dental materials.
Aesthetics of 1950s and 1960s interiors presented in Polish comedy films from that period
Authors: Wojciechowska-Kucięba Joanna
Published: January 2019

This article is an attempt at outlining key aesthetic standards of interior design of the 1950s and 1960s on the basis of examples exhibited in the Polish and foreign romantic comedies of that time. Some distinguishing features of 1960s Polish aesthetics were the characteristic abstract language, organic form, asymmetry, diagonal lines, arrangements based on “A” and “X” letter outlines and lively colours. Furniture design used new materials mostly plywood and plastics such as polyvinyl chloride and epoxy resins. The 1960s, called “small stabilization” by design historians, were slightly different. Shops offered a variety of new products designed by Polish creators – such as furniture, home appliances, tools and machines. New Polish industrial design of 1960s is represented by the RAMONA and EWA radios and the BAMBINO record player, whereas sectional furniture – especially SYSTEM MK designed by Bogusława and Czesław Kowalski, better known as “the Kowalskis’ furniture” – became the icon of the decade. Polish and foreign romantic comedies from 1950s and 1960s are an excellent iconographic source of information on how interior design changed in the second half of the 20th century, and specifically on how living space was organized and adapted for private and public purposes. In Poland, attempts were made to use all the “design innovations” coming from the west, however, the immutably closed Polish borders prevented them from spreading freely. We had to use local designers. In the 2nd half of the twentieth century, a period which Prof Irena Huml called “the invasion of modernity” started. The doctrine of socialist realism was rejected and the focus was on modernity. Innovation became the most desirable feature of a work of art, and modernity the most important concept.
View from the inside. The images of the city in the “black series” documentary films in Poland in the 1950s
Authors: Szpulak Andrzej
Published: January 2019

The article analyses the particular interest that the documentary filmmakers of the late 1950s had in the architectural and urban issues. The reasons for this phenomenon are situated in several plans: they refer to the image of reconstruction from the war devastation and the reaction to its falsification in the period of socialist realism. They refer to the social interests of the filmmakers and to the strategy of metaphorising and allegorising the images of the city, which was handy in the times of censorship as it extended meanings and applied non-literality. The article analyses various film incarnations of this phenomenon.
Image of the city and modern architecture in the Polish feature films of the 1960s’
Authors: Nadolny Adam
Published: January 2019

This article focuses on the inter-dependencies between the film image and architecture. The author has attempted to define what sort of historical background preconditions the film image to gain the status of a source for research on the history of Polish urban planning and post-war architecture, with particular emphasis placed on the 1960s.
Stylistic heritage and tendencies in contemporary Croatian cinema
Authors: Lučić Krunoslav
Published: January 2019

This paper focuses on the diverse stylistic heritage and various tendencies in Croatian cinema of the 1990s and 2000s. Since many film scholars accentuate the discontinuity between contemporary Croatian cinema and that from the Yugoslav period, the paper points to continuities in the stylistic trends of both periods. The paper also analyzes two major stylistic configurations ‒ classical and modernist ‒ focusing on different variants of both aesthetic orientations. Variants of cinematic classicism (reduced and excessive classical style) are exemplified by the films of Krešo Golik and Fadil Hadžić, and by the films of Dalibor Matanić and Zrinko Ogresta from the contemporary period. On the other hand, variants of cinematic modernism (realist and psychological) are exemplified by thefilms of Vatroslav Mimica and Ante Peterlić from the 1960s, and in the contemporary period by thefilms of Zrinko Ogresta and Lukas Nola.
Dokument a fabuła – refleksje, doświadczenia i metody pracy autora zdjęć filmowych
Authors: Staroń Wojciech
Published: January 2019

As the very title of Wojciech Staroń, a cinematographer and film director’s text “Documentary versusfiction – reflections, experiences and work methods of a director of photography” indicates, it is an attempt to analyse his own artistic achievements combined with a theoretical reflection on universal and fundamental issues such as understanding the truth in film, in reference to the distinction between the genres of fiction and documentary, or mentioned towards the end of the text, an issue of constructing a film protagonist and film narration in which the protagonist functions and is immersed. All these issues are analysed in a visual context, in reference to the construction of a film shot – the meaning of its contents and form and their combination which will present the subject matter in a few seconds of screen time. The films being analyzed among others are: Pod ochroną, Nagroda and Argentyńska lekcja (Argentinian Lesson).
O właściwościach narracji filmowej
Authors: Hendrykowski Marek
Published: January 2019

The aim of the article is to present a synthetic conception of film narrative both in the theoretical and practical context. The author considers the subject in terms of film theory and history. He also examines features of film narrative by using both the synchronous and diachronic method.
Echa "Idź i patrz" Elema Klimowa w dwóch polskich filmach antywojennych – "Mieście 44" Jana Komasy oraz "Wołyniu" Wojciecha Smarzowskiego
Authors: Szpulak Andrzej
Published: January 2019

The subject of interest in this text are the relations between the famous Elem Klimow’s Come and See and two Polish movies made in the second decade of the 21st century – Jan Komasa’s Warsaw 44 and Wojciech Smarzowski’s Wołyń. These relations are considered at the genetic level, the level of historical references, the genological level and the plane of audiovisual material created in films. The analysis leads to the conclusion that genological issues play the most important role in building these relationships, among them the shape of the main character’s figure.The text can be treated as a contribution to reflection on the genre distinctiveness of the anti-war film.
Contract Specificity and Its Performance Implications
Authors: Mooi Erik A. , Ghosh Mrinal
Published: January 2019

Governance theories, such as transaction cost economics, argue that systematic deviations from an attribute–governance alignment should influence performance. This article investigates the performance implications of contract specificity for the procurement of information technology products. The authors argue that parties choose a level of contract specificity that economizes on both the ex ante contracting costs and the ex post transaction costs and that deviations between the observed and the predicted levels of contract specificity are an important determinant of these transaction costs. The authors test the hypotheses using a comprehensive archival data set of information technology transactions and employ a two-step estimation procedure. First, they estimate the “predicted” level of contract specificity, which accounts for key transactional attributes. Second, they study the consequences of deviating from this predicted level of contractual specificity. The results provide the first explicit demonstration of the trade-off between ex ante contracting costs and ex post transaction problems and suggest that parties need to economize jointly on these costs when choosing the governance form.
Networked Narratives: Understanding Word-of-Mouth Marketing in Online Communities
Authors: Kozinets Robert V. , De Valck Kristine , Wojnicki Andrea C. , Wilner Sarah J.S.
Published: January 2019

Word-of-mouth (WOM) marketing—firms’ intentional influencing of consumer-to-consumer communications—is an increasingly important technique. Reviewing and synthesizing extant WOM theory, this article shows how marketers employing social media marketing methods face a situation of networked coproduction of narratives. It then presents a study of a marketing campaign in which mobile phones were seeded with prominent bloggers. Eighty-three blogs were followed for six months. The findings indicate that this network of communications offers four social media communication strategies—evaluation, embracing, endorsement, and explanation. Each is influenced by character narrative, communications forum, communal norms, and the nature of the marketing promotion. This new narrative model shows that communal WOM does not simply increase or amplify marketing messages; rather, marketing messages and meanings are systematically altered in the process of embedding them. The theory has definite, pragmatic implications for how marketers should plan, target, and leverage WOM and how scholars should understand WOM in a networked world.
Responsiveness to Customers and Competitors: The Role of Affective and Cognitive Organizational Systems
Authors: Homburg Christian , Grozdanovic Marko , Klarmann Martin
Published: January 2019

Quick responses to environmental changes have become a vital success factor for today's companies. This study aims to identify the differential mechanisms that drive responsiveness to customers and responsiveness to competitors. In particular, the authors propose a conceptual framework that distinguishes between a cognitive and an affective organizational system as two important antecedents of organizational responsiveness. The results from a large-scale, cross-industry study show that the affective organizational system is more important in driving responsiveness to customers and that the cognitive organizational system is more important in driving responsiveness to competitors. Moreover, the relative importance of the cognitive system as a driver of responsiveness is greater in firms with a low market share and in markets with low entry barriers for new competitors.
Indirect Network Effects in New Product Growth
Authors: Stremersch Stefan , Tellis Gerard J. , Hans Franses Philip , Binken Jeroen L.G.
Published: January 2019

Indirect network effects are of prime interest to marketers because they affect the growth and takeoff of software availability for and hardware sales of a new product. Although prior work on indirect network effects in the economics and marketing literature is valuable, there are two main shortcomings. First, empirical analysis of indirect network effects is rare. Second, in contrast to the importance prior literature credits to the “chicken-and-egg” paradox in these markets, the temporal pattern (i.e., Which leads to which?) of indirect network effects remains unstudied. Based on empirical evidence of nine markets, this study shows that (1) indirect network effects, as commonly operationalized by prior literature, are weaker than expected from prior literature and (2) in most markets examined, hardware sales “lead” software availability, whereas the reverse almost never happens, contrary to existing beliefs. These findings are supported by multiple methods, such as takeoff and time-series analyses, and fit with the histories of the markets studied herein. For academia, the study identifies a need for new and more relevant conceptualizations of indirect network effects. For public policy, it questions the need for intervention in network markets. For management practice, it downplays the importance of the availability of a large library of software for hardware technology to be successful.
Advertising to Bilinguals: Does the Language of Advertising Influence the Nature of Thoughts?
Authors: Noriega Jaime , Blair Edward
Published: January 2019

When targeting bilingual consumers, advertisers have a choice to advertise in a bilingual's native language or in the country's dominant language. Within the Hispanic community in the United States, for example, Kellogg has a choice to advertise Frosted Flakes in English or in Spanish. But which is the better choice and why? This research considers whether the choice of language in advertising to bilinguals influences the types of thoughts they have in response to an advertisement. In other words, for a bilingual, can the exact same selling message cue different associations depending on the language in which it is presented? The underlying issue is whether advertisers can use language of execution as a strategic variable with which to generate certain types of associations that may facilitate persuasion. The authors consider this issue from a social cognition perspective. They hypothesize that a native-language advertisement is more likely to elicit self-referent thoughts about family, friends, home, or homeland, which in turn may lead to more positive attitude measures and behavioral intentions. Furthermore, the authors show that these effects are moderated by the consumption context presented in the advertisement.
Brand Portfolio Strategy and Firm Performance
Authors: Morgan Neil A. , Rego Lopo L.
Published: January 2019

Most large firms operating in consumer markets own and market more than one brand (i.e., they have a brand portfolio). Although firms make corporate-level strategic decisions regarding their brand portfolio, little is known about whether and how a firm's brand portfolio strategy is linked to its business performance. Using data from the American Customer Satisfaction Index and other secondary sources, the authors examine the impact of the scope, competition, and positioning characteristics of brand portfolios on the marketing and financial performance of 72 large publicly traded firms operating in consumer markets over ten years (from 1994 to 2003). Controlling for several industry and firm characteristics, the authors analyze the relationship between five specific brand portfolio characteristics (number of brands owned, number of segments in which they are marketed, degree to which the brands in the firm's portfolio compete with one another, and consumer perceptions of the quality and price of the brands in the firm's portfolio) and firms’ marketing effectiveness (consumer loyalty and market share), marketing efficiency (ratio of advertising spending to sales and ratio of selling, general, and administrative expenses to sales), and financial performance (Tobin's q, cash flow, and cash flow variability). They find that each of these five brand portfolio characteristics explains significant variance in five or more of the seven aspects of firms’ marketing and financial performance examined.
Internet Auction Features as Quality Signals
Authors: Li Shibo , Srinivasan Kannan , Sun Baohong
Published: January 2019

Internet auction companies have developed innovative tools that enable sellers to reveal more information about their credibility and product quality to avoid the “lemons” problem. On the basis of signaling and auction theories, the authors propose a typology of Internet auction quality and credibility indicators, adopt and modify Park and Bradlow's (2005) model, and use eBay as an example to examine empirically how different types of indicators help alleviate uncertainty. This empirical evidence demonstrates how Internet auction features affect consumer participation and bidding decisions, what modifies the credibility of quality indicators, and how different buyers react to indicators. The signaling-based hypotheses provide coherent explanations of consumers’ bidding behavior. As the first empirical study to evaluate the signaling role of comprehensive Internet auction institutional features in mitigating the adverse selection problem, this research provides evidence to clarify the economic foundation behind innovative Internet auction designs.
Are Women More Loyal Customers than Men? Gender Differences in Loyalty to Firms and Individual Service Providers
Authors: Melnyk Valentyna , Van Osselaer Stijn M.J. , Bijmolt Tammo H.A.
Published: January 2019

Prevailing wisdom assumes that female consumers are more loyal than male consumers. The authors report conditions under which the reverse is found, depending on the object of customer loyalty. For example, whereas female consumers tend to be more loyal than male consumers to individuals, such as individual service providers, this difference is reversed when the object of loyalty is a group of people. The authors find a similar crossover interaction effect for loyalty to individual employees versus loyalty to companies. This effect is mediated by self-construal in terms of relational versus collective interdependence. The authors discuss the managerial and theoretical implications of these gender differences.
Technology Convergence: When Do Consumers Prefer Converged Products to Dedicated Products?
Authors: Han Jin K. , Chung Seh Woong , Sohn Yong Seok
Published: January 2019

In today's marketplace, many of the newer-generation convergence products (e.g., camera phones, all-in-one personal digital assistants) offer consumers product performance that rivals dedicated versions. With the increased availability of options, consumers now face another dilemma in their purchase consideration: Which product form should they choose—converged, dedicated, or both? This study investigates the choice patterns for product forms along the technology trajectories. In a series of four studies, the authors find that at low levels of technological performance, consumers overwhelmingly select convergence products over the dedicated options, whereas the choice pattern is reversed at high levels of technological performance. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate that a preannouncement of future technology can affect consumer preferences for product forms. Finally, they address the managerial implications and suggest directions for further research.
Why Are Some Salespeople Better at Adapting to Organizational Change?
Authors: Ahearne Michael , Lam Son K. , Mathieu John E. , Bolander Willy
Published: January 2019

This study empirically examines the longitudinal influences of salesperson goal orientations on performance trajectories during a planned change intervention that requires learning to answer two questions. First, what is the functional form of salespeople's performance trajectories during a period of change implementation? Second, why are some salespeople better at adapting to change than others? Polynomial growth models show that the average salesperson performance trajectory displays an initial decline, gradual recovery, and eventual restabilization. Salesperson learning orientation is related positively to larger initial declines, steeper recovery slopes, and higher restabilization levels. In contrast, performance orientation is related positively to smaller initial declines, but shallower recovery slopes and lower restabilization levels. The results suggest that successful implementation of planned change interventions largely depends on identifying and appreciating the heterogeneity of individual traits that share meaning with the change. The study has implications on what sales managers should expect in terms of performance losses and gains during change and how managers can predict which salespeople will reap the largest performance benefits from a change intervention.
Consumer Response to Drug Risk Information: The Role of Positive Affect
Authors: Cox Anthony D. , Cox Dena , Mantel Susan Powell
Published: January 2019

Risk disclosure is an essential element of the marketing of prescription drugs and other medical products. This study examines how consumers respond to verbal information about the frequency and severity of medical-product risks and how media-induced affect can moderate such responses. The study finds that consumers tend to overestimate the actual likelihood of adverse events described with words such as “common” or “rare” (compared with the probabilities such terms are typically intended to convey) and that consumers tend to give little weight to such probability language when forming product use intentions. However, consumers in positive media-induced moods seem to engage in more nuanced evaluation of product risk information, weighing both frequency and severity information and using such information to make inferences about other product attributes (e.g., product efficacy). These findings suggest that medical marketers and regulators need to devise more effective means of communicating risk probability to consumers and that positive mood induction (e.g., by placing advertisements in upbeat media environments) can enhance consumers’ ability to process product risk information.
The Sustainability Liability: Potential Negative Effects of Ethicality on Product Preference
Authors: Luchs Michael G. , Naylor Rebecca Walker , Irwin Julie R. , Raghunathan Rajagopal
Published: January 2019

Manufacturers are increasingly producing and promoting sustainable products (i.e., products that have a positive social and/or environmental impact). However, relatively little is known about how product sustainability affects consumers’ preferences. The authors propose that sustainability may not always be an asset, even if most consumers care about social and environmental issues. The degree to which sustainability enhances preference depends on the type of benefit consumers most value for the product category in question. In this research, the authors demonstrate that consumers associate higher product ethicality with gentleness-related attributes and lower product ethicality with strength-related attributes. As a consequence of these associations, the positive effect of product sustainability on consumer preferences is reduced when strength-related attributes are valued, sometimes even resulting in preferences for less sustainable product alternatives (i.e., the “sustainability liability”). Conversely, when gentleness-related attributes are valued, sustainability enhances preference. In addition, the authors show that the potential negative impact of sustainability on product preferences can be attenuated using explicit cues about product strength.
Managing Distributors’ Changing Motivations over the Courseofa Joint Sales Program
Authors: Gu Flora F. , Kim Namwoon , Tse David K. , Wang Danny T.
Published: January 2019

Ensuring joint program participation by distributors is essential to channel management. Although studies confirm that firms can promote distributor participation by attending to their participation motivations, the authors argue that distributors may change their motivations over the course of a joint program, driven by an increase of program-related information and how their peer distributors behave. Drawing insights from the information asymmetry literature, the authors postulate that distributors’ ex ante commitment is driven by their motivation to avoid losses, and after they participate, their ex post adaptation reflects rent-seeking motivations. This study also examines how the participation of peer distributors operates as an information signal that moderates the motivation–participation link for the focal distributor. In the context of an actual sales program, this study confirms the postulate of motivation shift and the salience of network-based information in distributors’ program participation. The results show that a manufacturer needs to manage its distributors’ participation in a discriminant, process-oriented, and system-sensitive manner by addressing the latter's diverse motivations, changing goals in the joint program, and influences from peer distributors.
Modellierung der Koexistenz industrieller Funkkommunikationssysteme
Authors: Schulze Darina , Jumar Ulrich
Published: January 2019

Das Konzept Industrie 4.0 sieht steigende Flexibilität und Mobilität im Produktionsprozess vor. Daher werden bei der Funkkommunikation zunehmend höhere Anforderungen an das Zeit- und Fehlerverhalten gestellt. Zum Einsatz kommen mehrere gleichzeitig aktive Funkkommunikationssysteme. Diese Systeme müssen im Gesamtsystem koexistieren. Zur Sicherstellung der Koexistenz dient das Koexistenzmanagement. Ein aussichtsreicher Ansatz besteht darin, dieses Koexistenzmanagement mit regelungstechnischen Methoden zu untersuchen. In diesem Beitrag wird die Modellierung des Interferenzverhaltens beschrieben. Dafür wird das Zeitverhalten einer Nachrichtenübertragung mit der Petri-Netz Notation in max-plus Algebra nachgebildet. Zur Validierung des Modells wird ein industrienaher Hardware-in-the-Loop Aufbau genutzt.
Woher kommen Erwartungen?
Authors: Beckert Jens
Published: January 2019

Expectations play a crucial role in capitalist economies. Where do the expectations on which actors base their decisions come from? The paper approaches this question by discussing seven social factors that shape expectations: Institutions, social position, social networks, calculative tools, cultural structures, reflexivity, and protention. Following this discussion, the last part of the paper looks at the role of social power and the mass media in the diffusion of expectations.
Real Wages in Germany during the First Phase of Industrialization, 1850-1889
Authors: Pfister Ulrich
Published: January 2019

The study constructs new wage series at the branch level and aggregates them to an index of nominal wages in industry and urban trades in 18481889. Moreover, the study develops new food price and rent indices. These are then combined with price indices for other categories of household expenditure from Hoffmann (1965) into a consumer price index for 1850-1889. The new real wage index shows little growth for the third quarter of the nineteenth century; the first phase of rapid industrialization from the 1840s to the early 1870s had only a small positive impact on the living standard of the industrial and urban lower classes. Only from the 1880s, when Germany moved into a second phase of industrialization, did the real wage experience a sustained and rapid increase. Nevertheless, the diversification of employment opportunities taking place in the wake of industrialization and the European grain invasion were accompanied by a marked reduction of income volatility among lower-class households already from the 1870s.
Implications of Lived and Packaged Religions for Intercultural Dialogue to Reduce Conflict and Terror
Authors: Bouma AM Gary D
Published: January 2019

The use of intercultural dialogue (ICD) to promote intergroup understanding and respect is considered as a key to reduce tensions and the likelihood of conflict. This paper argues that understanding the differences among religions – those between packaged and lived religion – enhances the chances of success and makes the effort more challenging. Religions contained and packaged are found in formally organised expressions of religion – churches, denominations, synagogues, mosques, temples and so on. For packaged religions, religious identity is singular and adherents are expected to identify with only one religion and are assumed to accept the whole package of that religion. ICD in this context involves communicating with religious groups such as organisations and encouraging different leaders to speak with each other resulting in platforms filled with ‘heads of faith’ – bishops muftis, ayatollahs, chief rabbis, swamis and so on. In contrast, lived religions involve ritual practices engaged in by individuals and small groups, creation of shrines and sacred spaces, discussing the nature of life, sharing ethical concerns, going on pilgrimages and taking actions to celebrate and sustain hope.There is some evidence that, although packaged religions are declining, lived religions continue at persistent levels. Violent extremism is more likely to be associated with lived rather than packaged forms of religion, making a more balanced intercultural competences approach to ICD critical to countering conflict.
Local Average and Quantile Treatment Effects Under Endogeneity: A Review
Authors: Huber Martin , Wüthrich Kaspar
Published: January 2019

This paper provides a review of methodological advancements in the evaluation of heterogeneous treatment effect models based on instrumental variable (IV) methods. We focus on models that achieve identification by assuming monotonicity of the treatment in the IV and analyze local average and quantile treatment effects for the subpopulation of compliers. We start with a comprehensive discussion of the binary treatment and binary IV case as for instance relevant in randomized experiments with imperfect compliance. We then review extensions to identification and estimation with covariates, multi-valued and multiple treatments and instruments, outcome attrition and measurement error, and the identification of direct and indirect treatment effects, among others. We also discuss testable implications and possible relaxations of the IV assumptions, approaches to extrapolate from local to global treatment effects, and the relationship to other IV approaches.
Testing Spatial Dependence in Spatial Models with Endogenous Weights Matrices
Authors: Bera Anil K. , Doğan Osman , Taşpınar Süleyman
Published: January 2019

In this study, we propose simple test statistics for identifying the source of spatial dependence in spatial autoregressive models with endogenous weights matrices. Elements of the weights matrices are modelled in such a way that endogenity arises when the unobserved factors that affect elements of the weights matrices are correlated with the unobserved factors in the outcome equation. The proposed test statistics are robust to the presence of endogeneity in the weights and can be used to detect spatial dependence in the dependent variable and/or the disturbance terms. The robust test statistics are easy to calculate as computationally simple estimations are needed for their calculations. Our Monte Carlo results indicate that these tests have good size and power properties in finite samples. We also provide an empirical illustration to demonstrate the usefulness of the robust tests in identifying the source of spatial dependence.
Periodic and subharmonic solutions for a 2nth-order p-Laplacian difference equation containing both advances and retardations
Authors: Mei Peng , Zhou Zhan
Published: January 2019

We consider a 2nth-order nonlinear difference equation containing both many advances and retardations withp-Laplacian. Using the critical point theory, we obtain some new explicit criteria for the existence and multiplicity of periodic and subharmonic solutions. Our results generalize and improve some known related ones.
Functions of adiponectin signaling in regulating neural plasticity and its application as the therapeutic target to neurological and psychiatric diseases
Authors: Sun Li-na , Liu Xiao-li
Published: January 2019

Convergent lines of evidence indicate the critical roles of adiponectin in regulating neural functions on different levels. Because of the importance in maintaining neural plasticity including adult neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, adiponectin has the potential to serve as the treatment targets in therapies of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Hence, systematic review is needed to summarize how adiponectin works in the brain, and how the adiponectin pathway is employed as the treatment method needs to be determined. Moreover, the benefits of adiponectin as the regulator for neural plasticity such as synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis have been supported by many literatures. In the current article, we reviewed the functions of adiponectin in different types of neural plasticity. We also demonstrated the potential value of adiponectin as the treatment target for different types of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Taken together, this review offers a new insight about adiponectin as the ideal target to develop the new treatment methods against neurodegeneration or psychiatric diseases.
Some matrix properties preserved by generalized matrix functions
Authors: Benzi Michele , Huang Ru
Published: January 2019

Generalized matrix functions were first introduced in [J. B. Hawkins and A. Ben-Israel, Linear and Multilinear Algebra, 1(2), 1973, pp. 163-171]. Recently, it has been recognized that these matrix functions arise in a number of applications, and various numerical methods have been proposed for their computation. The exploitation of structural properties, when present, can lead to more efficient and accurate algorithms. The main goal of this paper is to identify structural properties of matrices which are preserved by generalized matrix functions. In cases where a given property is not preserved in general, we provide conditions on the underlying scalar function under which the property of interest will be preserved by the corresponding generalized matrix function.
Muscular and Neural Contributions to Postactivation Potentiation
Authors: Wallace Brian J. , Shapiro Robert , Wallace Kelly L. , Abel Mark G. , Symons Thorburn B.
Published: January 2019

Wallace, BJ, Shapiro, R, Wallace, KL, Abel, MG, and Symons, TB. Muscular and neural contributions to postactivation potentiation. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 615–625, 2019—This study's purpose was to explain the relationship between muscle factors (twitch potentiation [TP]) and neural factors (reflex potentiation) contributing to total postactivation potentiation (PAP) that couples these. The tibial nerve of 15 participants were stimulated intermittently for 20 minutes at supramaximal (Mmax) and submaximal (Hmax) intensities on separate days under 2 conditions: (a) rest (Control) and (b) after a 10-second plantarflexion maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Isometric twitch torque and rate of force development (RFD) as well as soleus and gastrocnemius electromyographic values were analyzed. Torque and RFD TP were significantly greater 10 and 30 seconds after MVIC vs. Control. Postactivation potentiation of torque and RFD at Hmax were highest at 3 and 4.5 minutes after MVIC, respectively, with RFD significantly elevated. Electromyographic values were not different between conditions. Twitch potentiation significantly contributed to PAP at the following time points: 20 seconds, Hmax peak, and 20 minutes after MVIC (torque: R
2 = 0.54, 0.76, and 0.70; RFD: R
2 = 0.46, 0.59, and 0.53). The soleus significantly contributed to PAP torque at 20 seconds and 20 minutes after MVIC, and to PAP RFD at 20 seconds, 4.5 minutes, and 20 minutes (torque: R
2 = 0.26 and 0.34, p ≤ 0.05; RFD: R
2 = 0.65, 0.52, and 0.41). The gastrocnemius did not significantly contribute to PAP. Both muscle and neural factors play a significant role in PAP, and neural factors may play a more prominent role in RFD potentiation than torque potentiation.
Self-Distancing May Be Harmful: Third-Person Writing Increases Levels of Depressive Symptoms Compared to Traditional Expressive Writing and No Writing
Authors: Giovanetti Annaleis K. , Revord JUlia C. , Sasso Maria P. , Haeffel Gerald J.
Published: January 2019

Introduction: The positive effects of expressive writing on both mental and physical health are well documented. However, expressive writing may have the potential to activate negative schemas and facilitate rumination in those at high cognitive risk for depression (Yasinski, Hayes, & Laurenceau, 2016). The current research tested the hypothesis that writing using self-distancing would be more effective than traditional expressive writing in preventing depressive symptoms for those at high cognitive risk for depression.

Method: Two studies using undergraduate samples (n = 104 and n = 80) were conducted to test our hypotheses. Both studies used a two-week daily writing experimental design.

Results: Contrary to hypotheses, Study 1 found that individuals randomly assigned to a self-distancing writing condition reported greater levels of depressive symptoms than those assigned to a traditional expressive writing condition. The results of Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1. Participants randomly assigned to the self-distancing writing condition reported significantly greater levels of depressive symptoms than those in the expressive writing and no-writing control conditions. The effect of writing condition in Study 2 was driven by those with high levels of cognitive vulnerability.

Discussion: Results suggest that writing using self-distancing should not be used for the prevention of depressive symptoms.
CAIXAS DE MEMÓRIA: Relatos sobre a construção de memórias afetivas através de objetos pessoais
Authors: Silveira Laiana Pereira da , Schneid Frantieska Huszar
Published: January 2019

A presente ensaio possui como foco principal trabalhar a relação dos objetos pessoais com a memória, e ressaltar a importância da criação deste vínculo afetivo, sendo um pequeno recorte da pesquisa de trabalho de conclusão de curso “Moda e Memória: A construção de uma coleção de moda a partir das memórias afetivas vinculadas a objetos pessoais”. Trazendo uma reflexão através de um referencial bibliográfico com autores da área da moda, história e filosofia, e com relatos obtidos por meio de um questionário virtual apresentando na pesquisa original. Através deste ensaio, buscou-se despertar no leitor questionamentos sobre o valor atribuído a objetos guardados, e refletir quanto a cultura de passar um mesmo objeto de uma geração para outra dentro do ambiente familiar.