bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infracciones en la seguridad vial en Ecuador: ¿intencionales o no?
Authors: Machado Maliza Mesías Elías , Amaya Tuarez Arleth Samantha , Bravo Galárraga Gabriela Nicole , Yánez Usca María Fernanda
Published: January 2025

Los accidentes de tránsito pueden causar la muerte de las personas y dejar secuelas permanentes a las personas, así como daños físicos a los vehículos. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la intencionalidad en el contexto de las infracciones del tránsito en Ecuador. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, así como los métodos inductivo-deductivo para recopilar datos. Se concluyó, que las infracciones por conducir bajo los efectos del alcohol no deben considerarse culposas. Los conductores ebrios a menudo sobreestiman sus habilidades y subestiman los riesgos, lo que lleva a la conclusión de que la intencionalidad es evidente; por lo tanto, la normativa legal ecuatoriana debería actualizarse para reconocer el dolo eventual en tales casos.
Análisis de la regulación de la prostitución y su influencia en los derechos humanos.
Authors: Toapanta Gamboa Wendy Natalia , García Valle Carlos Alberto , López García Juan José , González Iruma Alfonso
Published: January 2025

Las distintas visiones culturales, sociales y legales se manifiestan en la diversidad de regulaciones sobre la prostitución en los países. Existen tres enfoques principales: criminalización, legalización y despenalización. Muchos países optan por la criminalización, buscando eliminar la prostitución mediante sanciones legales; no obstante, esta estrategia suele marginar a los trabajadores sexuales, exponiéndolos a abusos y limitando su acceso a servicios de salud y justicia. La legalización, en cambio, integra el trabajo sexual en la economía formal, brindando protección legal, aunque su éxito depende de la correcta implementación. La despenalización elimina sanciones legales y adopta un enfoque más humano. Esta investigación analiza estos enfoques y su impacto en los derechos humanos.
Reducing Preventable Maternal Deaths in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Shyam
Published: January 2025

NA
ANALISIS ALGORITMA PROPAGASI BALIK DALAM MEMPREDIKSI KEMAMPUAN PSIKOMOTORIK ANAK BALITA
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Abstrak— Perkembangan psikomotorik berhubungan dengan kejiwaan atau mental dan gerakan. Perkembangan psikomotorik anak sangat berkembang pada usia balita atau bawah lima tahun, hal ini berkaitan tentang tingkat kemampuan anak balita. Untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan anak balita berdasarkan aspek psikomotorik, khususnya belum berkembang, mulai berkembang, berkembang sesuai harapan, berkembang sangat baik.  Dibangunlah penerapan jaringan syaraf tiruan dengan metode propagasi balik untuk memprediksi tingkat kemampuan anak balita berdasarkan aspek psikomotorik. Jaringan syaraf tiruan merupakan generalisasi model matematik dari pembelajaran otak manusia. Jaringan syaraf tiruan algoritma belajar propagasi balik adalah salah satu algoritma belajar terpadu karena meminimalkan penjumlahan error dari output jaringan. Dalam penerapan memprediksi tingkat kemampuan anak balita berdasarkan aspek psikomotorik ini menggunakan arsitektur jaringan dengan 10 masukan, 3 unit tersembunyi dan 2 keluaran. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 78 data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: prediksi kemampuan anak balita pada aspek psikomotorik dapat dilakukan dengan jaringan syaraf tiruan menggunakan metode propagasi balik. Dimana kedepannya prediksi tingkat kemampuan anak balita akan memudahkan orang tua dalam melihat tumbuh kembang anak berdasarkan aspek psikomotoriknya. Kata Kunci— Letakkan kata kunci Anda di sini, kata kunci dipisahkan dengan koma. Abstract— Psychomotor development is related to the psyche or mental and movement. Children's psychomotor development is very developed at the age of toddlers or under five years, this is related to the level of ability of toddlers. To find out the level of ability of toddlers based on psychomotor aspects, especially not yet developed, starting to develop, developing according to expectations, developing very well. An application of artificial neural networks was built with the back propagation method to predict the level of ability of toddlers based on psychomotor aspects. Artificial neural networks are a generalization of mathematical models of human brain learning. The back propagation learning algorithm artificial neural network is one of the integrated learning algorithms because it minimizes the sum of errors from the network output. In the application of predicting the level of ability of toddlers based on psychomotor aspects, a network architecture with 10 inputs, 3 hidden units and 2 outputs is used. The data used in this study were 78 data. The results of the study showed that: prediction of toddlers' abilities in psychomotor aspects can be done with artificial neural networks using the back propagation method. Where in the future, prediction of the level of ability of toddlers will make it easier for parents to see their children's growth and development based on their psychomotor aspects. Keywords— Psychomotor prediction, toddlers, Artificial Neural Networks, Back Propagation Method.
Pendidikan Agama Islam Upaya Deradikalisasi Di Lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Lulub Nurkhaliza  , Dewi Anggraeni  , Nada Dwiyasyah  , Septia R Mutmainah  , Muhamad Parhan
Published: January 2025

Mahasiswa rentan terhadap radikalisme karena  mudah disusupi paham politik dan agama yang radikal, mahasiswa lebih rentan terhadap ideologi radikal karena jiwa muda yang memiliki pemikiran jangka pendek dan kurang dewasa, serta masyarakat kelas ekonomi menengah ke bawah juga rentan terhadap janji-janji manis dan harta benda dari kelompok radikalisme tersebut, akibatnya mereka mudah  direkrut menjadi pengurus organisasi radikalisme. Tujuan dirancangnya artikel ini adalah menganalisis, mengetahui strategi yang efektif, serta menyediakan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas peran pendidikan agama Islam dalam mencegah radikalisme di lingkungan perguruan tinggi dengan metode dalam artikel ini adalah metode kualitatif khususnya studi literatur. Artikel ini akan menghasilkan; 1) Peran pendidikan agama Islam dalam mencegah radikalisme di lingkungan perguruan tinggi dengan pemberian pemahaman yang benar, pembentukan karakter yang baik, serta penanaman nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. 2) Strategi dan metode yang efektif dalam mengimplementasikan pendidikan agama Islam sebagai upaya deradikalisasi dengan pengembangan kurikulum yang inklusif dan seimbang antara ajaran agama Islam yang moderat dan nilai-nilai toleransi melibatkan penyusunan materi pelajaran yang tidak hanya menekankan aspek keagamaan, tetapi juga memperkuat pemahaman tentang toleransi, pluralisme, dan menghormati perbedaan. 3) Rekomendasi kebijakan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pendidikan agama Islam dalam menangani isu radikalisme di lingkungan perguruan tinggi dengan menyusun kurikulum yang seimbang antara ajaran agama Islam yang moderat, pemahaman tentang toleransi, pluralisme, dan pencegahan radikalisme juga dapat memberikan pelatihan kepada dosen dan staf.
Qualitative Assessment of Undergraduate Nursing Students' Perceptions of Combined Virtual Reality and Group Discussion Learning Interventions: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Kuwabara Yuzo , Ogata Ai , Tanaka Takami , Nishida Tomoko , Sasaki Ikumi
Published: January 2025

Context: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced major changes in the learning environment. The author’s institution created virtual reality (VR) learning content to enhance readiness for on-the-job training students by allowing them to enter situations and circumstances beyond traditional learning, experience simulations of target individuals, and think about the nursing assistance needed. The education combined VR and 360-degree video content with group discussions to increase learning depth. A qualitative analysis of the evaluations from the participating students’ perception was performed to obtain suggestions for future educational methods.
Aim: This study aimed to elucidate how undergraduate nursing students perceive the effectiveness of education that combines VR learning content with group discussions.
Methods: This qualitative descriptive study summarizes the educational effectiveness from data obtained through focus group interviews (FGI). In the data collection process, two focus group interviews were conducted with five nursing students at a nursing university in the Tokyo metropolitan area in March 2023, using an interview guide that was independently created. The study subjects participated in the nursing practical training and exercises that combined VR learning content with group discussions.
Results: Based on the FGI of five participants, two main themes were identified, "educational effectiveness" and "challenges." Educational effectiveness" contains the following four subthemes as effects of the combination of VR learning content and group discussions: Opportunities to think about the experiences of patients receiving care and the ethical behavior of nurses, promotion of understanding of clinical situations that are normally inaccessible, opportunities for reflection through recollection of previous experiences, and expanding and deepening learning in group discussions. Moreover, "challenges" contains two subthemes: Introducing mechanisms and devices to enhance learning effectiveness and VR sickness while viewing the VR learning content.
Conclusion: The introduction of VR learning interventions allows for the simulated experience of three-dimensional reconstructed scenes of places and situations that are normally inaccessible and is provided for learners to be useful as a learning opportunity intended to reconstruct knowledge and understanding. Additionally, the emotional experience of VR learning content based on learners' different perspectives and sensitivities can be combined with group discussions to deepen learning through multifaceted opinions and realizations. An effective educational method for fostering critical thinking skills is to incorporate group work into VR-based educational programs.
MECELLE’NİN KÜLLÎ KAİDELERİ BAĞLAMINDA ÖRF VE ÂDET HUKUKUNUN İŞLEVLERİ
Authors: Tepe Süleyman , Bilgiç Veysel Kareni
Published: January 2025

Osmanlı’nın son zamanlarında İslam hukukuna göre oluşturulan Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, bünyesinde hukukunun genel prensipleri mesabesinde görülen çok sayıda küllî kâide barındırmaktadır. Bu kâidelerin çoğu evrensel olma vasfı dolayısıyla günümüz hukukuna değerli katkılar sunma potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Mecelle’de serdedilen bu prensiplerden önemli bir kısmı örf ve âdet hukukuna dairdir. Toplum içerisinde yaşayan hukuku ifade eden örf ve âdet kuralları haiz olduğu mühim işlevleri sayesinde insanların uymakla yükümlü oldukları resmi hukuk kurallarını muhtelif yönlerden etkilemektedir. Bu açıdan örf ve âdet kurallarının hukuk normlarının kaynağını teşkil etmesi, kanun ya da sözleşme boşluğunu doldurması ve hukuk metninin yorumlanmasını sağlaması gibi mühim işlevlerinin olduğu bilinmektedir.
Bu çalışma günümüz hukukuna değerli katkılar sunacağı düşüncesiyle güncel değeri olan Mecelle’nin küllî kâideleri ışığı altında çeşitli fonksiyonlar açısından örf ve âdet kurallarını ele almaktadır. Makaleye konunun daha iyi anlaşılması adına öncelikle örf ve âdet hukukuyla ilgili kavramların açıklanması ile başlanmış daha sonra örf ve âdet kurallarının hukuk kuralı olabilmesi için taşıması gereken vasıflar incelenmiş, son bölümde ise örf ve âdet hukukunun işlevleri izah edilerek çalışma sona erdirilmiştir. Çalışma hazırlanırken temelde Mecelle’nin ilk dönem şerhlerinden istifade edilmiş ve gerektiğinde İslam hukukunun klasik kaynaklarına müracaat edilmiştir. Modern Türk hukuku örnekleri için hukuk başlangıcı ve Türk medeni hukuku ders kitaplarından yararlanılmıştır.
Challenges and Complications in Percutaneous Closure of Postoperative Residual Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: Alizadeh Behzad , Naghibi Mohammadreza , Qureshi Shakeel Ahmad , Ghiasi Shirin Sadat
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Surgical intervention has historically been the primary approach for closing ventricular septal defects (VSDs) in patients with congenital heart disease. However, the emergence of minimally invasive techniques, such as percutaneous device closure, offers alternative treatment modalities. This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study aims to assess the challenges and complications associated with percutaneous closure of postoperative residual VSDs.
Methodology: The study retrospectively analyzed medical records of patients who underwent percutaneous closure of postoperative residual VSDs between April 2016 and September 2019 at the Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease department of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Data collected included patient demographics, echocardiographic findings before, during, and after surgery, as well as follow-up results. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was utilized to assess residual VSD size, position, hemodynamic consequences, and associated lesions pre-procedure.
Results: Twelve patients with postoperative residual VSDs underwent percutaneous device closure, resulting in immediate closure in six cases, while minimal residual VSDs persisted in others. Follow-up duration averaged 23.50 ± 39.73 months, with no mortality reported during this period. Two adverse events, namely fever with chills and intravascular hemolysis, occurred in separate patients. Atrial and right ventricular dilatation was observed in three patients, while others exhibited normal heart chamber dimensions. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) remained within normal limits across all patients.
Conclusion: Percutaneous closure of postoperative residual VSDs represents a minimally invasive, effective, and safe alternative to traditional surgical approaches. Despite challenges, such as adverse events and residual shunting, percutaneous closure offers favorable outcomes, supporting its adoption as a viable treatment option.
Acute Outcomes of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Patients with Typical Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Hasan Waqar , Shahid Hafiz Abdul Mannan , Saleem Imran , Qureshi Amna Zafar , Butt Usman Mahmood
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the acute outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) in patients diagnosed with typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT).
Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, from January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. A total of 100 patients, each exhibiting at least one episode of sustained narrow QRS complex tachycardia, were included using a consecutive sampling technique. Following electrophysiological (EP) studies, RFA of the slow pathway was performed to successfully terminate the tachycardia.
Results: The study cohort comprised 78% females, with a mean symptom duration of 9.67 ± 4.8 years, and all patients reported palpitations as a primary symptom. The mean fluoroscopy time was 15.7 ± 3.2 minutes, and the mean procedure time was 1.52 ± 0.22 hours. Successful non-inducibility of typical AVNRT was achieved in 99% of patients. Slow pathway (SP) elimination was achieved in 46% of cases, while SP modification was noted in 53%, with 8% of these cases showing one AV node echo beat post-ablation. Only one patient (1%) developed a permanent atrioventricular (AV) block.
Conclusion: Radiofrequency catheter ablation is a highly effective and safe treatment for patients with typical AVNRT who are refractory to drug therapy, demonstrating an acute success rate of 99% with minimal risk of complications in our center.
Identifying Key Factors Contributing to Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Faiz Maria , Bibi Yasmeen , Ullah Zakir , Kakar Lailoma , Jan Sakhi , Khan Muhammad Kamran
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aims to identify the spectrum of factors contributing to acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in patients with established left ventricular dysfunction.
Methodology: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study over six months (October 24, 2021, to April 24, 2022) at the Department of Cardiology, Medical Teaching Institute, Khyber Teaching Hospital (MTI-KTH) Peshawar. Using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique, a sample size of 100 patients was determined with the WHO sample size calculator. We evaluated factors including dietary noncompliance, medication adherence, infections, arrhythmias, acute coronary ischemia, uncontrolled hypertension, and anemia in patients with decompensated heart failure. The study included both genders, aged 30 to 80, with diabetes and hypertension but without ischemic heart disease. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS 23, with the Chi-square test applied for statistical analysis.
Results: Dietary noncompliance was observed in 51% of patients, while 52% adhered to their medication regimen. Contributing factors included poor attitude (16%), financial difficulties (17%), inadequate guidance (9%), and illiteracy (6%). Infections were prevalent, with pulmonary infections in 29%, urinary tract infections (UTI) in 1%, sepsis in 6%, and both UTI and sepsis in 64%. Cardiac conditions showed that 90% had no arrhythmias, 8% had atrial fibrillation (AF), and 1% each had other supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was present in 47% of patients. The mean age was 61.6 ± 11.7 years. Only hypertension showed a significant correlation with acute decompensation.
Conclusion: The main factors contributing to ADHF were uncontrolled hypertension, dietary noncompliance, anemia, and medication nonadherence. Addressing these modifiable factors through regular monitoring could reduce ADHF incidence and improve patient outcomes.
Comparison of Intracoronary Verapamil and Adenosine for No-Reflow in Normotensive Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Amin Qazi Najeeb Ullah , Rauf Muhammad Abdur , Shah Syed Hashim Ali , Shakir Sami Ullah , Shah Syed Kashif Ullah , Ali Arshad , Ali Nasir
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intracoronary verapamil versus adenosine in managing the no-reflow phenomenon in normotensive patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methodology: We conducted a prospective observational study at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from March 2023 to March 2024. A total of 150 normotensive ACS patients scheduled for PCI were enrolled and treated with either intracoronary verapamil (200 µg) or adenosine (48 µg) based on the clinical judgment of the treating cardiologist upon identifying the no-reflow phenomenon. The primary outcomes included improvements in myocardial perfusion, assessed by the achievement of TIMI III flow immediately and at 30 minutes via angiographic analysis. Secondary outcomes assessed were microvascular resistance (IMR), endothelial function (FMD), and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within six months.
Results: The verapamil group exhibited a higher percentage of patients achieving TIMI III flow post-treatment compared to the adenosine group (92% vs. 78%, p = 0.03). Both treatment groups demonstrated reductions in IMR (verapamil: 18.5 ± 2.8 units; adenosine: 19.1 ± 3.1 units, p = 0.29) and improvements in FMD (verapamil: 4.1 ± 0.5%; adenosine: 3.9 ± 0.6%, p = 0.15). The incidence of MACE was 18% in the verapamil group and 8% in the adenosine group, indicating comparable safety profiles for both agents.
Conclusion: Intracoronary verapamil and adenosine both effectively enhance myocardial perfusion and endothelial function in normotensive ACS patients following PCI. Verapamil showed a slight advantage in achieving TIMI III flow and reducing microvascular resistance, suggesting it may offer superior benefits in specific clinical scenarios. These results support the use of both agents in managing the no-reflow phenomenon, with potential preference for verapamil in particular contexts.
Correlation between Duration of Diabetes and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khan Muhammad Idrees , Naseem Muhammad , Khalil Muhammad Shahab Ud Din , Yar Ahmed , Khan Muhammad Riaz , Orakzai Muhammad Hafeez
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aims to examine the relationship between the duration of diabetes mellitus and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from June 2022 to June 2023, involving 130 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented with symptoms indicative of CAD. Comprehensive data on demographics, medical history, and diabetes duration were collected. Coronary angiography was performed to assess CAD severity using the Gensini scoring system. Statistical analyses, including Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression, were employed to evaluate the relationship between diabetes duration and CAD severity while controlling for potential confounders such as age, gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking status.
Results: A significant positive correlation was observed between the duration of diabetes and the Gensini score (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), suggesting that longer diabetes duration is associated with more severe CAD. Multiple linear regression analysis further established that the duration of diabetes, along with hypertension and dyslipidemia, were significant predictors of higher Gensini scores. Patients with diabetes for over 15 years exhibited the highest mean Gensini scores (68.1 ± 20.3), compared to those with 10-15 years (45.3 ± 15.6) and less than 10 years (27.8 ± 12.4).
Conclusion: The study confirms a significant association between longer diabetes duration and increased severity of CAD. These findings underscore the critical need for early and rigorous management of diabetes and its cardiovascular risk factors to prevent the progression of CAD. Enhanced monitoring and comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessments are essential for improving outcomes in diabetic patients.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Maternal Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation during Pregnancy
Authors: Zahoor Farnaz , Khan Zahoor Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence, identify contributing risk factors, and evaluate the maternal outcomes associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) during pregnancy.
Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted between July 2022 and June 2024, involving 150 pregnant women diagnosed with AF. Data on demographics, medical history, and clinical outcomes were collected through structured patient interviews, clinical examinations, and standardized diagnostic tools, including electrocardiograms (ECG) and echocardiography.
Results: The mean age of participants was 29.4 years, with an average body mass index (BMI) of 25.1 kg/m². Hypertension (45%) and diabetes (18%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. More than half of the participants were aged 35 years or older. Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed at an average gestational age of 24.5 weeks. Maternal outcomes included heart failure in 9.3% of cases, thromboembolic events in 5.7%, and 42% of pregnancies requiring cesarean section. Vaginal delivery was achieved in 58% of cases. Preterm labor occurred in 16% of pregnancies. Neonatal outcomes included a 12% NICU admission rate and a neonatal mortality rate of 1.5%. The average birth weight was 2,800 grams, with Apgar scores of 7.2 at one minute and 8.5 at five minutes.
Conclusion: Atrial fibrillation during pregnancy is associated with significant maternal and neonatal complications, including heart failure, thromboembolic events, and preterm birth. These findings underscore the importance of close monitoring and individualized care for pregnant women with AF. Further research is necessary to develop targeted intervention strategies to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes for this high-risk group.
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Premature Myocardial Infarction: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ahmed Sana , Shabbir Asma , Azad Muhammad Abdus Salam , Waseem Gul e Raana , Javed Asim , Nazir Muhammad Talha Bin
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Unhealthy lifestyle habits and low levels of physical activity are well-established contributors to coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is limited research on the association of premature myocardial infarction (MI) with the traditional diet and lifestyle of the Pakistani population. This study aims to identify the dietary and lifestyle risk factors most prominently associated with premature MI in this population.
Methodology: The study included 221 patients diagnosed with MI and 221 age-matched controls without MI. Detailed demographic profiles and dietary habits of all participants were recorded using a food frequency questionnaire specifically tailored to traditional Pakistani dietary patterns. Statistical analysis included the Chi-square test for categorical variables, Pearson correlation for associations, and independent sample t-tests for comparing means between the two groups. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia emerged as the most prevalent risk factors for MI. In the disease group, a lack of formal exercise, higher waist circumference, and elevated BMI were significantly associated with disease prevalence. Diet-related risk factors included frequent consumption of vegetable ghee, processed wheat, and red meat. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the consumption of whole milk, rice, desi ghee, or butter.
Conclusion: This study highlights the urgent need for preventive strategies to address the rising burden of ischemic heart disease in Pakistan. It highlights the role of dietary modifications, increased physical activity, and preventive cardiology services to curb the epidemic of CAD. Lifestyle interventions targeting young populations, Specifically focusing on the risk factors, are critical to mitigating the growing prevalence of cardiovascular disorders in the region.
Respiratory Function and Arterial Blood Gas Outcomes in On-Pump versus Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients
Authors: Sahar Wajeeha , Elengoe Asita , Jalal Anjum , Azam Hamza , Tariq Mishel , Shahbaz Amina
Published: January 2025

This review aims to compare the outcomes of preoperative respiratory rehabilitation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (on-pump) versus without cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump). The focus is on the reduction of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and improvements in pulmonary function and arterial blood gases.
Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria for this review, drawn from an initial screening of 13 citations. One study presented a combined analysis of two trials, resulting in data from seven distinct trials explicitly comparing pulmonary function and arterial blood gas outcomes between on-pump and off-pump CABG patients. Several studies emphasized the potential benefits of integrating preoperative respiratory rehabilitation with surgical approaches to improve patient outcomes.
Pulmonary dysfunction remains a significant adverse consequence of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), contributing to postoperative morbidity. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) has gained popularity in recent years due to its association with fewer pulmonary complications. Multiple studies report marked improvements in postoperative pulmonary function tests in OPCAB patients, including higher oxygen saturation (SpO2 > 95%) and reduced extubation times (<48 hours), compared to those undergoing on-pump CABG.
Preoperative respiratory rehabilitation in CABG patients significantly reduces the risk of PPCs, shortens hospital stays, and facilitates earlier extubation. These findings support the incorporation of respiratory rehabilitation, including inspiratory muscle training, into routine preoperative care to enhance patient recovery. Further research is needed to assess the efficacy of combined physiotherapy interventions in patients undergoing CABG.
The Implementation of Land Registration to Provide Legal Certainty in Indonesia
Authors: Krismantoro Damianus
Published: January 2025

Objective: This research examines the implementation of land registration in Indonesia to provide legal certainty over land ownership. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the land registration process and its impact on legal protection for landowners.
 
Theoretical Framework: This research is well grounded in the principles of agrarian law, including Law No. 5/1960 on Basic Agrarian Principles and other relevant regulations. The main theories used include legal certainty, administrative efficiency, and protection of land rights, which form the basis for understanding the challenges and implications of land registration.
 
Method: This research took a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with National Land Agency officers, landowners, and agrarian law experts, as well as document analysis. Data were analyzed using thematic methods to identify relevant patterns and relationships.
 
Results and Discussion: There exists significant obstacles in the land registration process, such as low public awareness, complex bureaucracy, and often occurring land disputes due to overlapping claims. This paper contextualizes these challenges within a legal framework, emphasizing the importance of public education, simplifying procedures, and strengthening enforcement mechanisms. Limitations such as data access and procedural inefficiencies are also discussed.
 
Research Implications: The research offers both practical and theoretical insights, while highlighting the need for better land administration systems, more active community engagement and a strong regulatory framework. These recommendations are intended to improve legal certainty and reduce land-related conflicts, benefiting sectors such as real estate and rural development.
 
Originality/Value: This research contributes to the literature by providing a deeper comprehension of the complexities of land registration in Indonesia. Its value resides in the practical solutions offered for policymakers and stakeholders to improve the effectiveness and fairness of the land registration system, as well as promoting social and the economic stability.
Rabbi Saadia Al-Fayoumi and his Scholarly Efforts in Defending Judaism Against Its Critics
Authors: Bak Omar Salham Sedeq Al-Saleh , Hamdoun Areej Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The research aims to explore the intellectual exchange and criticism between Islamic civilization and Judaism during the Islamic Golden Age. Specifically, it focuses on the life and works of Saadia al-Fayoumi, his influence on Islamic culture, and his defense of Judaism against critics from both within and outside his faith.
 
Methods: The study examines historical texts and scholarly works to trace the impact of Islamic civilization on Jewish intellectual traditions. It delves into the writings of Muslim scholars, Jewish converts to Islam, and Jewish philosophers, with particular emphasis on the works of Saadia al-Fayoumi. The research highlights the interplay of theological criticism and defense during this era.
 
Results: The emergence of Islamic civilization fostered intellectual exchanges and debates between various nations and sects under its influence. Jewish texts, such as the Old Testament and the Talmud, were subjected to critical analysis by Muslim scholars like Imam Ibn Hazm and Jewish converts to Islam like Samawāl. Additionally, intra-Jewish criticism arose, as seen with the Karaite sect and their critics, including Haywi al-Balkhi. Saadia al-Fayoumi emerged as a significant figure in this milieu, defending Judaism against these critiques. His works demonstrated a strong influence from the methodologies of Muslim theologians, owing to his upbringing in an Arab-Islamic environment. Beyond defense, Al-Fayoumi also critiqued Christian and Islamic religions, showcasing his deep engagement with the intellectual currents of his time.
 
Conclusion: The research highlights how Islamic civilization's intellectual vibrancy shaped interfaith and intrafaith discourse, with Judaism being both influenced by and influencing this dynamic. Saadia al-Fayoumi's contributions exemplify how Jewish scholars adopted and adapted Islamic methods to defend their faith while engaging in broader theological debates. His works stand as a testament to the rich intellectual legacy of the period.
Exploring Strategic Pathways for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia: Integrating Local Solutions with Global Partnerships
Authors: Bintarsari Nuriyeni Kartika , Fitrah Elpeni , Kusuma Ayusia Sabhita , Setyorini Fitri Adi
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The progress and implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) especially in Banyumas Regency has its own challenges due to its socio-economic and environmental characteristics. This paper explores strategic pathways to find the common threads integrating local solutions with global partnerships to foster sustainable growth. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative method using observation and in-depth interviews with relevant regency offices. The paper identifies key local and global sectors to enhance strategic pathways such as environment, trade, development and policy planning, funding, knowledge transfer, and technology. Those key sectors are importante to alleviate some major problems hindering the implementation of sustainable development in Banyumas regency, as intended in Partnerships for the Goals in SDGs.
 
Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate strategic pathways for sustainable development in Banyumas Regency, with the aim of integrating local solutions with global partnerships
 
Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. We are using the concept of Sustainable Developmetn Goals or SDGs, a concept first introduced in the Brundtland report in 1987
 
Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises of observation and in-depth interviews. Observation on the development planning and development implementation in the Banyumas Regency and in-depth interviews with three local government agencies.
 
Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that the implementation of SDGs in the Banyumas Regency is on the right track, however it still needs more improvements and driving factors, internally and externally
 
Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of international relations. These implications could encompass local government practices and global development programs.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by [highlighting the originality of the research, whether through the innovative approach, new discoveries or practical contributions]. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by [explain how the results may impact the area of study or professional practice].
RETRACTION Andrianto, S. D., Kriswanto, E. S., Sari, I. P. T. P. S., Nopembri, S., Subagyo, S., & Sabillah, M. I. (2024). Actuar. Aplicación Fit De La Medición De La Aptitud Física Del Adulto En Indonesia (Act.Fit Application of Adult Physical Fitness Measurement in Indonesia). Retos, 51, 1262–1267. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101399
Authors: RETOS RETOS
Published: January 2025

Andrianto, S. D., Kriswanto, E. S., Sari, I. P. T. P. S., Nopembri, S., Subagyo, S., & Sabillah, M. I. (2024). Actuar. Aplicación Fit De La Medición De La Aptitud Física Del Adulto En Indonesia (Act.Fit Application of Adult Physical Fitness Measurement in Indonesia). Retos, 51, 1262–1267. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101399
Retraction of the article by the editor of the journal. There has been several clear and conclusive proofs that there has been a manipulation of the authorship of the article. The accepted Word document was sent with the names of the authors that appeared in the “Corrections for the edition” message so that they could only make the orthographical corrections that were necessary. The corresponding author (or whoever hurt him) changed the authors of the aforementioned Word document that was sent to them, returning a document together with these corrections made with new authors, all without any express notification, without any document explaining the changes made accepted by all the authors and, of course, without express authorization from the journal Retos between both moments. With this fraudulent document the galleys were made and the article was definitively published, assigning it the corresponding DOI.
Authors in the Word document of the article submitted for review: 8
Authors in the published PDF with modified authors: 7
Differences between the authors between both moments: -1 (Eliminado: Aulia Gusdernawati)
RETRACTION Sudirman, R., Mashud, M., Aprial. M, B.., Tahapary, J. M., Gunawan, G., Samodra, Y. T. J.., Wati, I. D. P., Suryadi, D., Arifin, R., & Nawir, N. (2024). Entrenamiento pliométrico y entrenamiento en circuito en términos de coordinación mano-ojo: ¿cómo afecta la potencia explosiva de los ataques con hoz? (Plyometric training and circuit training in terms of eye-hand coordination: how it affects the explosive power of sickle attacks?). Retos, 52, 131–137. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101330
Authors: RETOS RETOS
Published: January 2025

Sudirman, R., Mashud, M., Aprial. M, B.., Tahapary, J. M., Gunawan, G., Samodra, Y. T. J.., Wati, I. D. P., Suryadi, D., Arifin, R., & Nawir, N. (2024). Entrenamiento pliométrico y entrenamiento en circuito en términos de coordinación mano-ojo: ¿cómo afecta la potencia explosiva de los ataques con hoz? (Plyometric training and circuit training in terms of eye-hand coordination: how it affects the explosive power of sickle attacks?). Retos, 52, 131–137. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101330
Retraction of the article by the editor of the journal. There has been several clear and conclusive proofs that there has been a manipulation of the authorship of the article. The accepted Word document was sent with the names of the authors that appeared in the “Corrections for the edition” message so that they could only make the orthographical corrections that were necessary. The corresponding author (or whoever hurt him) changed the authors of the aforementioned Word document that was sent to them, returning a document together with these corrections made with new authors, all without any express notification, without any document explaining the changes made accepted by all the authors and, of course, without express authorization from the journal Retos between both moments. With this fraudulent document the galleys were made and the article was definitively published, assigning it the corresponding DOI.
Autores en el Word del artículo enviado a revisión: 7
Autores en el PDF publicado con los autores modificados: 10
Diferencia de los autores entre ambos momentos: +4 y -1 (Añadidos: Ridwan Sudirman, Isti Dwi Puspita Wati, Ramadhan Arifin, Nukhrawi Nawir. Eliminado: Yati)
RETRACTION Chaeroni , A.., Ramdani, H. T., Orhan, B. E., Khishe, M., Govindasamy, K., Mario, D. T., Ilham, I., Talib, K., & Lani, M. N. (2024). Eficacia del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad frente al entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada en el consumo máximo de oxígeno (vo2peak), un parámetro cardiorrespiratorio para personas de 40 años y más: una revisión sistemática de la literatura y meta-análisis (Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on peak oxygen uptake (vo2peak) a cardiorespiratory parameter for individuals aged 40 and above: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis). Retos, 59, 608–622. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.107824
Authors: RETOS RETOS
Published: January 2025

Chaeroni , A.., Ramdani, H. T., Orhan, B. E., Khishe, M., Govindasamy, K., Mario, D. T., Ilham, I., Talib, K., & Lani, M. N. (2024). Eficacia del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad frente al entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada en el consumo máximo de oxígeno (vo2peak), un parámetro cardiorrespiratorio para personas de 40 años y más: una revisión sistemática de la literatura y meta-análisis (Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on peak oxygen uptake (vo2peak) a cardiorespiratory parameter for individuals aged 40 and above: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis). Retos, 59, 608–622. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.107824
Retraction of the article by the editor of the journal. There has been several clear and conclusive proofs that there has been a manipulation of the authorship of the article. The accepted Word document was sent with the names of the authors that appeared in the “Corrections for the edition” message so that they could only make the orthographical corrections that were necessary. The corresponding author (or whoever hurt him) changed the authors of the aforementioned Word document that was sent to them, returning a document together with these corrections made with new authors, all without any express notification, without any document explaining the changes made accepted by all the authors and, of course, without express authorization from the journal Retos between both moments. With this fraudulent document the galleys were made and the article was definitively published, assigning it the corresponding DOI.
Authors in the Word document of the article submitted for review: 2
Authors in the published PDF with modified authors: 7
Differences between the authors between both moments: +5 (Additions: Hasbi Taobah Ramdani, Mohammad Khishe, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Ilham, Deby Tri Mario)
Winarno, M. E.., Ma’mun, A., Purnomo, E., & Hariadi, I. (2024). Los profesores de educación física de primaria como agentes éticos y morales de los alumnos de la generación alfa. Retos, 61, 1233–1238. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108647
Authors: Retraction Retraction
Published: January 2025

Winarno, M. E.., Ma’mun, A., Purnomo, E., & Hariadi, I. (2024). Los profesores de educación física de primaria como agentes éticos y morales de los alumnos de la generación alfa. Retos, 61, 1233–1238. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108647
Retraction of the article by the editor of the journal. There has been several clear and conclusive proofs that there has been a manipulation of the authorship of the article. The accepted Word document was sent with the names of the authors that appeared in the “Corrections for the edition” message so that they could only make the orthographical corrections that were necessary. The corresponding author (or whoever hurt him) changed the authors of the aforementioned Word document that was sent to them, returning a document together with these corrections made with new authors, all without any express notification, without any document explaining the changes made accepted by all the authors and, of course, without express authorization from the journal Retos between both moments. With this fraudulent document the galleys were made and the article was definitively published, assigning it the corresponding DOI.
Authors in the Word document of the article submitted for review: 1
Authors in the published PDF with modified authors: 4
Differences between the authors between both moments: +3 (Amung Ma’mun, Eko Purnomo, Imam Hariadi)
Dwihandaka, R.., Ihsan, F., Nugroho, S.., Kozina, Z., & Arzhan Hidayat, R.. (2024). Resiliencia psicológica y rendimiento bajo presión: un estudio de jugadores de bádminton de élite - una revisión sistemática. Retos, 62, 110–121. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.105068
Authors: Retraction Retraction
Published: January 2025

Dwihandaka, R.., Ihsan, F., Nugroho, S.., Kozina, Z., & Arzhan Hidayat, R.. (2024). Resiliencia psicológica y rendimiento bajo presión: un estudio de jugadores de bádminton de élite - una revisión sistemática. Retos, 62, 110–121. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.105068
Retraction of the article by the editor of the journal. There has been several clear and conclusive proofs that there has been a manipulation of the authorship of the article. The accepted Word document was sent with the names of the authors that appeared in the “Corrections for the edition” message so that they could only make the orthographical corrections that were necessary. The corresponding author (or whoever hurt him) changed the authors of the aforementioned Word document that was sent to them, returning a document together with these corrections made with new authors, all without any express notification, without any document explaining the changes made accepted by all the authors and, of course, without express authorization from the journal Retos between both moments. With this fraudulent document the galleys were made and the article was definitively published, assigning it the corresponding DOI.
Authors in the Word document of the article submitted for review: 5
Authors in the published PDF with modified authors: 5
Differences between the authors between both moments: +1 y -1 (Additions: Riky Dwihandaka. Eliminado: Ahmad Nasrulloh)
مستويات الفهم القرائي في كُتبِ زياد الدريس
Authors: المالكي فهد بن عبد العزيز بن خميس
Published: January 2025

تتناول هذه الدراسة "مستويات الفهم القرائي في كُتب زياد الدريس" الفهم القرائي كأحد العناصر الأساسية في عملية التعلم. تسعى الدراسة إلى استكشاف المستويات الأربعة للفهم القرائي كما تم تقديمها في مؤلفات الدريس التي تشمل: الفهم الحرفي، والفهم الاستنتاجي، والفهم التذوقي، والفهم النقدي الإبداعي. كما تركز الدراسة على التمييز بين مهارات الفهم القرائي ومستويات الفهم، وتستند إلى تحليل شامل لنصوص الدريس من خلال منهجية وصفية تحليلية. توصلت الدراسة إلى أهمية السياق اللغوي وأثره في تعزيز مهارات الفهم القرائي، مما يساهم في تحسين عملية التعلم لدى الطلاب.
An Overview of Reinforcing Comprehension of Refugee-related Organizations in Indonesia
Authors: Utami Atika Budhi , Ngo Sheau Shi
Published: January 2025

As part of the essential fabric of Indonesian society, nongovernmental and community-based organizations, particularly those dealing with refugee-related issues, play a crucial role in assisting forcibly displaced people impacted by catastrophes. These organizations have distinct roles and characteristics, some focusing on capacity building while others on advocacy. However, the lack of comprehensive research on these organizations hinders our acknowledgment of their challenges and potential. This article underscores the urgent need for exhaustive research in this area and aims to fill this gap by reviewing several works of literature on refugee studies. It provides a platform for academic researchers, policymakers, and humanitarian organizations to deepen their understanding and contribute to the discourse of refugee-related organizations in Indonesia. The data was meticulously collected from journal articles and other scholarly sources relevant to the article and was reevaluated to demonstrate refugee studies within the Indonesian context and refugee organization studies in other countries’ contexts. The study suggests that refugee-related organizations in Indonesia navigate the ambivalent government regulation of refugees and their predicaments as humanitarian organizations, leading to several operational impediments. The article, with its potential to significantly improve an apprehension of the operations and sustainability of nongovernmental organizations, particularly those dealing with refugee issues, underscores the importance of this research.