bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Main Alloying Influence on Second Phase Dissolution during Solution Treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys
Authors: Liu Hong Wei , Wen Kai , Ren Wei Cai , Li Xi Wu , Zhang Yong An , Li Zhi Hui , Xiong Bai Qing
Published: June 2021

Second phase dissolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys during solution treatment was closely associated with the content of main alloying elements. In present work, the phase characteristics of several Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with various main alloying contents were investigated, and the second phase dissolution of these alloys during solution treatment was analyzed. The results showed that the extrusion alloys possessed abundant second phases, mainly including Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase and Fe-rich particles. The DSC analysis proved that the larger endothermic peak corresponded to the alloy with larger main alloying content, and the XRD spectrogram also backed up the advantage of Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase. After solution treated at 450°C, the residual phases remained in the alloys and the quantity of them were positively correlated with the main alloying content. With the increase of solution temperature, the electrical conductivity of the alloys showed a decremental trend, while the alloys with relatively low main alloying contents exhibited an inversion at the solution temperature of 475°C. The SEM observation demonstrated that no Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase was observed in the alloys with relatively low main alloying contents while seldom still remained in the alloy with high main alloying content after solution treated at 470°C. After solution treated at 475°C, Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase completely dissolved into the matrix for the alloy with high main alloying content. The statistics of residual phase quantity also proved this.
Penetration Damaging Behavior of ATI425 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Li Jing , Zhu Zhi Shou , Wang Xin Nan , Jiang Tao
Published: June 2021

The penetration damaging behavior of ATI425 titanium alloy was studied by 7.62 mm diameter armor piercing projectiles. The damage characteristics and the mechanism were analyzed by observing and analyzing the craters of ATI425 titanium alloy target. It can be found that local temperature-rise of the target plate occurred, even sputtering phenomenon in the opening stage. The shear bands extended upward along the cater wall could be seen in the stable stage. The large non-homogeneous deformation in adiabatic shear bands caused microcracks and micropores. A large number of macro-cracks were observed on the side wall and at the bottom of the crater.
Burst Failure Analysis of a HFW Pipe for Nature Gas Pipeline
Authors: Zhu Li Xia , Wu Gang , Luo Jin Heng , Bai Zhen Quan
Published: June 2021

The burst failure of a high frequency welded (HFW) pipe used for nature gas pipeline in an oilfield was analyzed systematically by macro analysis, physical and chemical property test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), etc., and the limit internal pressure of the pipeline under operation condition was predicted based on finite element method (FEM). The results showed that the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the pipe meet the requirements of relevant standards. The failure results showed that the dent damage of the straight pipe section was at 12 o'clock. In the service of the pipeline, the stress in the dent area exceeds the yield strength, which leads to the plastic deformation of the pipeline, resulting in necking and thinning, and the reduction of wall thickness further leads to the decrease of ultimate internal pressure, until the ultimate bearing capacity of the dent area is less than the internal pressure of pipeline operation, resulting in burst. It is suggested to strengthen the supervision of pipeline construction to avoid the pipeline dent damage. Meanwhile, the operation monitoring of the pipeline with dent damage should be strengthened, and timely repair or depressurization operation should be carried out if necessary.
Experimental Study on Welding Process of TC4 Titanium Alloy with Different Welding Wires
Authors: Shang Guo Qiang , Li Li Ping , Wang Xin Nan
Published: June 2021

In present study, the effects of different welding wires on the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy test plates were studied. The results show that the test plates welded by TA20 titanium alloy wire, TC3 titanium alloy wire and TC4 titanium alloy wire are well formed, no defects are found in the cross section of the weld. The microstructures of these test plates are similar, and needle-like martensite exists in the weld area. In comparison, this is little obvious difference in tensile strength among these test plates welded by different welding wires, while the plates welded by TC4 titanium alloy has better elongation, contraction of aera, impact toughness and better balance of strength and toughness.
Analysis of Laser Surface Hardening of GM246 Cast Iron
Authors: Wang Hui Zhen , Zhai Yue Wen , Zhou Le Yu , Zhang Zi Bo , Yang Gang , Gong Chao Min
Published: June 2021

Laser surface modification technology is one of the most advanced technologies, which uses laser to modify the characteristics of the surface to offer superior performance for various industrial applications. In this study, laser surface hardening behavior of GM246 case iron was investigated. Result shows that excellent laser surface hardening of GM246 cast iron need low power density and scanning speed. With power of 2500 W, scanning speed of 300 mm/min and power density of 2500 W/cm2, the laser surface hardening of GM246 cast iron achieved the hardness of 790HV, which was 2-3 times higher than the hardness of base metal. Also, the depth of laser surface hardening case achieved 0.9 mm and the hardening case demonstrated three subzones.
Impact of the Co Doping on the Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Phase Transition in Ni50-xCoxMn38Sn12 Ribbons
Authors: Bachagha Tarek , Hou Long , Qin Guan Hua , Li Xi , Jing Chao , Ren Wei
Published: June 2021

Three Heusler alloys, Ni50-xCoxMn38Sn12 (x = 1, 2, and 3), were elaborated by rapid solidification. The impact of the Co doping on the structure, magnetic properties, and phase transition in these alloys was studied. The structure of the Ni49Co1Mn38Sn12 and Ni48Co2Mn38Sn12 ribbons was martensite 14M monoclinic structure, while the Ni47Co3Mn38Sn12 sample structure was austenite cubic L21. The thermal analysis showed the impact of the substitution Ni by Co. It was noted that the temperatures of martensitic transition moved lower, and a decreases progressively of enthalpy and entropy changed. Likewise, an obvious increase in the temperature of Curie transition for austenite phase (TAC) was observed and a jump of magnetization change (ΔM) was detected, with increasing Cobalt content.
Effect of Mo2C Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of TiC-High Manganese Steel-Bonded Carbide
Authors: Guo Li Bo , He Jun Chao , Li Guo Ping , Yan Lian Wu
Published: June 2021

TiC-high manganese steel-bonded carbide was prepared by powder metallurgy method with varied Mo2C content (0, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% respectively), and the effects of Mo2C addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated cermets were studied. The microstructures of the fabricated cermets were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the physical and mechanical properties of the cermets were also tested. The results show that the microstructure of the cermet without Mo2C additive was finer than that of the cermets with 2.5% and 5% Mo2C addition, though Mo2C was an effective grain growth inhibitor of TiC- and/or TiCN-based refractory materials because of low inherent solubility of TiC in Fe binder. An interesting phenomenon was also found that black core-gray rim was observed in the microstructure of the cermet without Mo2C addition. The microstructure of the fabricated cermets was fine with the increase of Mo2C content. The results also show that the relative density and hardness of the cermet increased monotonously with the increase of Mo2C content, hence, the transverse rupture strength (TRS) and impact toughness (IM) of the fabricated cermets increased first and then decreased, and the TRS and IM reached the maximum valve of 2189 MPa and 11.7 J/cm2 when Mo2C content was 7.5% and 5% respectively.
Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of FGH720Li Superalloy at Service Temperatures
Authors: Tang Yue , Peng Zi Chao , Wang Xu Qing , Ma Guo Jun , Wu Dan
Published: June 2021

The oxidation behavior of FGH720Li(P/M Udimet720Li) superalloy was investigated under static atmosphere in temperature ranging from 600°C to 730°C. The oxidation kinetics, composition and morphology of the oxidation layers were characterized by means of isothermal oxidation tests, X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy（SEM）and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS). The results showed that the oxidation kinetics curves of FGH720Li superalloy followed the parabolic law. The results of cross-sectional morphology and elemental distribution indicated that the oxidation layer could be divided into three parts：porous Cr2O3 outer layer, dense Cr2O3 medium layer and oxidation affected zone with nail-like Al2O3 inner layer. The oxidation process was primarily controlled by the diffusion of chromium and oxygen through the oxide scale.
Environmental Analysis for Co-Processing of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash in Cement Kiln
Authors: Zhuang Tian Qi , Cui Su Ping , Liu Yu , Wang Ya Li , Hao Li Wei
Published: June 2021

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) is a kind of hazardous waste. In the recent years, the demand for the disposal of MSWIFA has gradually increased with the increase of its production. The co-processing of MSWIFA in cement kiln has become the future development trend in this field due to the advantages of large disposal capacity, thorough disposal and low secondary pollution. In this paper, the life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to analyze the environmental impact of cement kiln co-processing MSWIFA, and the influence of allocation method of by-products in pretreatment process on calculation results was discussed. The results of analysis on the pretreatment of MSWIFA using the water-washing process showed that the allocation method of by-products will affect the calculation results to a certain extent, especially in the toxicity-related indicators, and for pretreatment process, electricity production process is the key link to causing environmental impact. The environmental analysis for clinker product shows that the contribution ratio of pretreatment process calculated by extended boundary method was 3.33% larger than that of mass allocation method in acidification potential(AP), and 3.32% smaller than that in WCP.
300°C Optical Communications
Authors: Andarawis Emad , Chen Cheng-Po (Paul) , Cheng Baokai
Published: June 2021

A high temperature optical link capable of multi-megabits per second data rates at 300°C is presented. The system utilizes wide bandgap optical sources and detectors to achieve extreme temperature operation. Testing was conducted at multiple temperatures between room temperature and 325°C and at multiple light source currents. Light coupling into and out of a UV capable optical fiber was evaluated, and a model was created utilizing the test data of the photodiode dark current and the fiber optic cable insertion loss and attenuation and assess optical communications capability to 325°C and beyond.
Effect of High Temperature Storage on AC Characteristics of Polymer Tantalum Capacitors
Authors: Teverovsky Alexander
Published: June 2021

Replacement of MnO2 with conductive polymers as cathode materials in chip tantalum capacitors allows for a substantial reduction of the equivalent series resistance (ESR), improvement of frequency characteristics, and elimination of the possibility of ignition during failures. One of the drawbacks of chip polymer tantalum capacitors (CPTCs) is a relatively poor long-term stability at high temperatures. In this work, variations of capacitance, dissipation factor, and ESR in different types of capacitors including automotive grade parts from three manufacturers have been monitored during storage at temperatures from 100 °C to 175 °C for up to 18,000 hours. Results show that ESR is the most and capacitance the least sensitive to degradation parameter. Times to parametric failures have been simulated using a Weibull-Arrhenius model that allowed for assessments of activation energies of the degradation and prediction of times to failure at the use temperature. Degradation of CPTCs was explained by thermo-oxidative processes in conductive polymers that result in exponential increasing of the resistivity with time of ageing. This process starts after a certain incubation period that depends on packaging materials and design and corresponds to the time that is necessary to form delamination between the encapsulating molding compound and lead frame. The effectiveness of the existing qualification procedures to assure stable operation of CPTCs is discussed.
Enhancement Mode GaN-FETs in Extreme Temperature Conditions, Part I: Static Parasitic Parameters
Authors: Duraij Martijn S. , Xiao Yudi , Zsurzsan Gabriel , Zang Zhe
Published: June 2021

Smaller packaging and sizing of power electronics and higher operating temperatures of switching devices call for an analysis and verification on the impact of the parasitic components in these devices. Found drift mechanisms in an eGaN-FET are studied by literature and related to measurements performed in extreme temeprature conditions far beyond the manufacturer recommended operating range. A thermal chamber was build to precisely measure the effect of temperature in these devices using a curve tracer. It is found that the increment in RDSon, IDSS, IGSS and VSD can be justified by the theory and backed up by measurements. It is also found that the particular eGaN-FET can be suited for extreme temperature operating conditions.
Simulating the Effect of Rigid Frameworks on the Mechanical Properties of Transient Liquid Phase Sintered (TLPS) Alloys
Authors: Nave Gilad , McCluskey Patrick
Published: June 2021

The need for power electronic devices and materials that can operate in harsh environments, together with the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) legislation, has driven industry and researchers to develop new attach materials. Transient Liquid Phase Sintered (TLPS) joints are strong candidates to replace the current die attach materials due to their superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Despite these qualities, current TLPS systems may exhibit stiff and brittle behavior that can lead to die or attach fracture under large thermomechanical strains during wide temperature range cycling, or under mechanical stress from shock and vibration loading, such as is experienced in automotive electronics. This paper presents an approach for reducing thermal and mechanical strain levels by incorporating Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Cu grids as a reinforcement to the attach material. The grids serve as ductile reinforcement capable of absorbing elastic and plastic energy, and as a barrier for crack propagations through the relative brittle TLPS material. Homogenization calculations were used to evaluate the effective properties of the TLPS, followed by numerical analysis that shows the effect of the grids on the die attach structure, and the mechanical integrity of the design.
Smart Ultrasonic Welding – A Versatile Interconnection Technology for Power Electronics Packaging
Authors: Hunstig Matthias , Holtkämper Sebastian , Helmich Lars , Brökelmann Michael
Published: June 2021

Ultrasonic welding is a common and indispensable technology in the packaging of power electronics. Typical applications are terminals and power contacts, e.g. in motor drive or inverter modules, as well as busbar connections. The process control requirements for welding power electronics connectors or bus bars, e.g. on batteries, are increasingly overlapping with requirements typical for heavy wire bonding. Smart ultrasonic welding is a new technology combining the force and ultrasonic power of conventional ultrasonic welding equipment with the flexibility, precision, speed and advanced process control features of wire bonding machines.

This contribution discusses the characteristics of smart welding equipment and presents process results for two different smart welding applications. On the low power end, smart welding and wire bonding are compared in the production of cylindrical cell battery packs, using a 100 W ultrasound system and aluminium connectors. Towards the high power end, 3 × 1.2 mm2 copper leads are welded to DBC with a contact area of 3 × 3 mm2, using a 1.5 kW ultrasound system. Both applications demonstrate advantages of smart welding over conventional ultrasonic welding.
Seasonal variation of Microcystis aeruginosa and factors related to blooms in a deep warm monomictic lake in Mexico
Authors: Montero Eloy , Vázquez Gabriela , Caballero Margarita , Favila Mario E. , Martínez-Jerónimo Fernando
Published: June 2021

The occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms has increased globally over the last decades, with the combined effect of climate change and eutrophication as its main drivers. The seasonal dynamic of cyanobacterial blooms is a well-known phenomenon in lakes and reservoirs in temperate zones. Nevertheless, in the tropics, most studies have been performed in shallow and artificial lakes; therefore, the seasonal dynamic of cyanobacterial blooms in deep and eutrophic tropical lakes is still under research. We studied the seasonal variation of the phytoplankton community and the factors associated with Microcystis aeruginosa blooms along the water column of Lake Alberca de Tacámbaro, a warm monomictic crater lake located in Mexico, during 2018 and 2019. According to previous studies performed in 2006 and 2010, this lake was mesotrophic-eutrophic, with Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta as the dominant groups of the phytoplankton community. During 2018 and 2019, the lake was eutrophic and occasionally, hypertrophic, a phenomenon likely associated with the increase of farmland area around the lake. The dominant species was M. aeruginosa, forming blooms from the surface to 10 m depth in winter, in the hypolimnion in spring and summer, and along the full water column in autumn. These findings suggest that M. aeruginosa in Lake Alberca de Tacámbaro displays seasonal and spatial population dynamics. Total phosphorus, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, water temperature and photosynthetically active radiation were the environmental factors related to M. aeruginosa blooms. Our results suggest that the changes in the structure of the phytoplankton community through time, and M. aeruginosa blooms in Lake Alberca de Tacámbaro, are mainly related to changes in land use from forest to farmland in areas adjacent to the lake, which promoted its eutrophication in the last years through runoffs. Comparative studies with other deep and eutrophic lakes will allow us to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamic of cyanobacterial blooms in natural and artificial water reservoirs strongly stressed by human activities.
Feasibility of a Wearable-Based Physical Activity Goal-Setting Intervention Among Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Kuenze Christopher , Pfeiffer Karin , Pfeiffer Matthew , Driban Jeffrey B. , Pietrosimone Brian
Published: June 2021

Context

Individuals with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) demonstrate persistent reductions in physical activity (PA) volume that are not being addressed during rehabilitation. Currently, it is challenging for clinicians to prescribe exercise interventions that extend beyond in-person rehabilitative care in a manner that is responsive and acceptable to patients.

Objective

To investigate the feasibility of using a novel, technology-driven, personalized goal-setting intervention over a 2-month period among young individuals with a history of primary unilateral ACLR.

Design

Single-blinded feasibility study.

Setting

University community

Patients or Other Participants

Ten women and 2 men (age = 22.0 ± 3.0 years, time since surgery = 56.0 ± 36.3 months) with a history of primary unilateral ACLR.

Intervention(s)

All participants completed a 28-day PA observation period immediately followed by a 28-day individualized PA goal-setting intervention period delivered via a commercially available PA monitor.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Primary feasibility outcomes were days of PA monitor wear compliance and days of goal achievement during the intervention period. Participants also completed the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at study enrollment and after the intervention period, and the individual change in the KOOS Quality of Life subscale was compared with the minimal detectable change (7.2 points).

Results

Average PA monitor wear compliance was 95.5% ± 7.3% during the observation period and 97.7% ± 2.9% during the intervention period. Median goal achievement was 31.5% ± 6.8% during the intervention period. Five participants demonstrated meaningful improvements in the KOOS Quality of Life subscale during the study period.

Conclusions

Individualized goal setting via mobile technology appears to be a feasible approach to PA promotion. However, based on the low rate of daily goal attainment during the intervention period, continued refinement of this intervention aproach would be beneficial before broad clinical implementation.
Electrophysiological Evaluation of Audiovestibular Pathway Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease and Its Correlates
Authors: Ampar Nikith , Mehta Anish , Mahale Rohan R. , Javali Mahendra , Pradeep R , Acharya Purushottam , Srinivasa Rangasetty
Published: June 2021

Background:

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with brainstem dysfunction causing non-motor symptoms. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) are electrophysiological tests to assess the vestibular and auditory pathways in the brainstem.

Objectives:

To study the abnormalities of cervical VEMP (cVEMP) and BAEP in PD and to correlate the findings with the symptoms related to brainstem involvement.

Patients and Methods:

cVEMP and BAEP were recorded in 25 PD patients and compared 25 age matched controls. The PD patients were assessed with the following clinical scales: REM Sleep Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBD-SQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), mini-BESTest, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and MMSE (Mini-mental state examination). The P13 and N23 peak latencies and the P13/N23 amplitude of cVEMP, the latencies of waves I, III and V, and the inter-peak latencies (IPL) of waves I-III, III-V and I-V of BAEP were measured.

Results:

The PD patients showed prolonged latencies and reduced amplitude in cVEMP responses. They had abnormal BAEP in the form of prolonged absolute latencies of wave V, followed by wave III and I–V IPL with no significant difference in waves I and I–III IPL. The cVEMP abnormality was correlated directly with RBD-SQ and inversely with mini-BESTest scores. There were no correlations between cVEMP/BAEP abnormality and disease severity, GDS-15, ESS and MMSE.

Conclusion:

PD is associated with cVEMP and BAEP abnormalities that suggest auditory and vestibular pathway dysfunction in the brainstem and cVEMP correlates with the symptoms of brainstem degeneration like RBD and postural instability.
Sleep, Cognition, and Yoga
Authors: Panjwani Usha , Dudani Sharmila , Wadhwa Meetu
Published: June 2021

Stress is one of the major problems globally, associated with poor sleep quality and cognitive dysfunction. Modern society is plagued by sleep disturbances, either due to professional demands or lifestyle or both the aspects, often leading to reduced alertness and compromised mental function, besides the well documented ill effects of disturbed sleep on physiological functions. This pertinent issue needs to be addressed. Yoga is an ancient Indian science, philosophy and way of life. Recently, yoga practice has become increasingly popular worldwide. Yoga practice is an adjunct effective for stress, sleep and associated disorders. There are limited well controlled published studies conducted in this area. We reviewed the available literature including the effect of modern lifestyle in children, adolescents, adults and geriatric population. The role of yoga and meditation in optimizing sleep architecture and cognitive functions leading to optimal brain functioning in normal and diseased state is discussed. We included articles published in English with no fixed time duration for literature search. Literature was searched mainly by using PubMed and Science Direct search engines and critically examined. Studies have revealed positive effects of yoga on sleep and cognitive skills among healthy adults as well as patients of some neurological diseases. Further, on evaluating the published studies, it is concluded that sleep and cognitive functions are optimized by yoga practice, which brings about changes in autonomic function, structural changes, changes in metabolism, neurochemistry and improved functional brain network connectivity in key regions of the brain.
Bibliometric Profile and Density Visualizing Analysis of Yoga Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ramamoorthi Ramya , Gahreman Daniel , Skinner Timothy , Moss Simon
Published: June 2021

The aim of the paper is to provide an in-depth evaluation of the research output of yoga intervention on type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1975 to 2019 using large-scale data analysis, bibliometric indicators, and density equalizing mapping. Data related to yoga-diabetic research, as search descriptors were retrieved using the Scopus database. The most common bibliometric indicators were annual research output, total citations, productive countries and leading authors, journals and institutions, and frequently cited articles. The number of global research articles retrieved for yoga-diabetic research over the study period 1975–2019 was 411. The growth rate of global publications in 2015–2019 is four times as high as in 1975–2003. The total number of citations for the retrieved articles was 7189, and the average number of citations per article was 23.82. Of these journals, the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine has published the highest number of papers, which accounts for 2.9% of total publications. This study showed a wide variety of journals in which yoga-diabetic articles are published; these bibliometric indicators provide useful information on performance assessment of productivity and quality of research output. Therefore, this study provides a helpful reference for endocrinologists, yoga therapists, policy decision-makers, and diabetes researchers.
Effect of Yoga and Physiotherapy on Pulmonary Functions in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy – A Comparative Study
Authors: Dhargave Pradnya , Nalini Atchayaram , Nagarathna Raghuram , Sendhilkumar Raghupathy , James Tittu Thomas , Raju Trichur R , Sathyaprabha Talakad N
Published: June 2021

Context:

Abnormal respiratory function is known to be detectable almost as soon as it can be measured reliably. Studies have identified the effect of respiratory muscle training as well as breathing exercises in improving pulmonary functions in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Aims:

This study aims to identify the add-on effect of yoga over physiotherapy on pulmonary functions in children with DMD.

Settings and Design:

One hundred and twenty-four patients with DMD were randomized to two groups. Group I received home-based physiotherapy and Group II received physiotherapy along with yoga intervention.

Materials and Methods:

Pulmonary function test (PFT) was assessed before the intervention (baseline data) and at regular intervals of 3 months for a period of 1 year.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Normality was assessed using Shapiro–Wilk normality test. The baseline data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U-test to identify the homogeneity. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess significant changes in study parameters during the assessment of every 3 months, both within and between the two groups of patients.

Results:

A total of 88 participants completed all the 5 assessments, with a mean age of 7.9 ± 1.5 years. PFT parameters such as forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate, maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and tidal volume during maximum voluntary ventilation (MVt) demonstrated significant improvements in Group I. In Group II, FVC and MVt significantly improved from baseline up to 1 year, whereas MVV improved from baseline up to 9 months. Tidal volume did not show any changes in both the groups.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that introduction of yoga with physiotherapy intervention at an early age can be considered as one of the therapeutic strategies in improving pulmonary functions in patients with DMD.
Global Change in Interest toward Yoga for Mental Health Ailments during Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jindal Har Ashish , Jindal Parineeta , Jamir Limalemla , Faujdar Dharamjeet Singh , Datta Himani
Published: June 2021

Background:

With coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic, society is gripped with uncertainty and fear, inclining them toward Yoga to prevent mental health issues. Google Trends (GT) depicts the public interest of the community which may vary due to evolving policy dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim:

The aim was to study global public interest in Yoga for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material and Methods:

Global time trends were obtained for Yoga, Anxiety, and Depression from November 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020 using GT. The time series analysis was done in three different time periods – pre-COVID-19 phase, transition period, and COVID-19 pandemic phase. Cross-correlation, Spearman rho, Friedman ANOVA test, and forecasting were used for analysis.

Results:

GT found a global change in the search queries for Yoga, anxiety, and depression during the three time periods. High burden COVID-19 countries – Italy, Spain, Russia, and Brazil had an increasing search trend for Yoga. During the COVID-19 phase, there was a significant positive correlation between the search trends of Yoga with depression (r = 0.232; P < 0.05) and anxiety (r = 0.351; P < 0.05), but higher anxiety and depression searches lead to lower Yoga searches at lag +6. Forecast projected a continuous increase in Yoga searches and anxiety queries.

Conclusion:

Google Trends captured a significant rise in interest of Yoga among the global community but diminished with time. Hence, the need for interventions to promote Yoga to be part of routine life and for making sure that people adhere to the Yoga practices on a continuous basis.
Congenital midline labial sinus of the upper lip – A review of literature
Authors: Sharma Anka , Parate Amit R. , Kasat Vikrant O. , Upmanyu Anirudh
Published: June 2021

Congenital midline labial sinus is a rare condition known to affect both the upper and the lower lip. This anomaly has been reported in both genders, but with a slightly increased predilection in females. It can occur either in isolation or in association with a wide array of congenital malformations such as cleft lip, cleft palate, Van der Woude syndrome, median lip pit, and brachydactylia. Usually, the patient presents with swelling of the upper lip with or without associated discharge. A history of recurrent cellulitis of the lip is almost always present. In this manuscript, a review of the literature (spanning across almost six decades) has been attempted for this rare condition. Search engines such as PubMed, Medscape, and Google Scholar were searched for keywords such as “recurrent cellulitis of the upper lip,” “sinus of the upper lip,” “fistula of the upper lip,” and “congenital midline labial sinus.” All the available full text in the English language was compiled and thoroughly scrutinized. The observations such as age, sex, clinical feature, associated anomaly, and other relevant information were noted and tabulated in the chronological order.
Impact of mobile phone radiation on salivary gland
Authors: Revanth M. P. , Aparna S. , Madankumar Parangimalai Diwakar
Published: June 2021

In the recent decades, the use of mobile phone has increased drastically. This has raised many concerns about the potential health risk to the individuals who are exposed to mobile phone emitted radiation. The aim of this systematic review is to find out the impact of mobile phone emitted radiations on salivary gland. An electronic database search was performed to identify the suitable literature using Cochrane, EBSCO host, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Trip database. The literary search was focused on the impact of mobile phone emitted radiation on the salivary gland. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies were selected. A total of 31 relevant studies were identified, and 11 articles were taken for the systematic review. The studies concluded that the radiations emitted by the mobile phones have detrimental effects on salivary gland.
A clinical review of nanotechnology in maxillofacial practice
Authors: Nandagopal Naveen , Usha M. , Sreejith S. , Rajan Sandler
Published: June 2021

Nanotechnology is an emerging boon to change the health care in a fundamental way. Currently nanomedicine is in the transition stage from the world of fiction to a revolutionizing world of healthcare. Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter at the molecular and atomic levels. The wide range of its clinical applications makes it to offer a promising future in the field of medicine as well as dentistry. Nanorobotics will expand enormously the effectiveness, comfort, and speed of treatments and significantly reducing their risk, cost and invasiveness. Although this rapidly advancing field of medicine offers a promising future, it may also pose a risk for misuse and abuse. Further extensive researches should be needed to pave a way for these breath-taking devices to revolutionize the future of healthcare.
The war between amalgam and composite
Authors: Kapoor Bhumika , Ahmed Lateef
Published: June 2021

Amalgam and composite are the two most famous dental restorative materials till date and the choice between them is still debatable. Amalgam restorations have served the profession well and will continue to do so in the years to come. In terms of longevity, amalgam is superior to composite resins, especially when used for large restorations. In case of small restorations, composite is the restoration of choice as minimum removal of the sound structure is required. Where esthetics is a major concern, composite has a way far than amalgam. Amalgam has served as a better core material and has superior mechanical properties than composite. Composite has an advantage of adhesion over amalgam. This review article compares amalgam and composite as a restorative material.
A case of ankyloglossia
Authors: Chaudhari Dipali , Mahale Swapna , Mahale Arunkumar
Published: June 2021

Ankyloglossia or tongue-tie is the result of a short, tight, lingual frenulum causing difficulty in speech articulation due to limitation in tongue movement. In this article, we have reported a 22-year-old male with tongue-tie who complained of difficulty in speech following which he underwent frenectomy procedure under local anesthesia without any complications. Finally, he was given speech therapy sessions.
Solitary median maxillary central incisor
Authors: Talwar Brijinder Singh , Dempsy Chengappa M. M. , Bali Atul , Kaul Rahul
Published: June 2021

A Solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) is a rare dental anomaly that may occur alone or be associated with other systemic conditions. Most common association is with holoprosencephaly. It can easily be misdiagnosed as a simple case of hypodontia due to either traumatic dental injury or fusion of two central incisors or a mesiodens developing to the one side of midline or any other condition that may lead to growth termination of central incisor at the cellular level. Every dentist needs to be aware of oral manifestations of this anomaly, thereby facilitating an early diagnosis of SMMCI, as it may be a sign of other severe congenital or developmental anomalies. Proper follow-up and close monitoring of the growth and development of SMMCI patients are of critical importance. The aim of this paper was to report a case of a 12-year-old female child with an SMMCI and describe important symptoms of this syndrome.
Knowledge, practice, and awareness of dental undergraduate and postgraduate students toward postexposure prophylaxis and needlestick injuries
Authors: Fatima Asmat , Alam Sharique , Iftekhar Huma , Tewari Rajendra Kumar , Nisar Andrabi Syed Mukhtar-Un , Faraz Amber Ali
Published: June 2021

Background:

The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge, awareness, and practice of dental undergraduate, interns, and postgraduate students toward postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and needlestick injuries.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was carried out among undergraduate, interns and postgraduate dental students in an institutional dental hospital in India. The students were required to fill a self-administered questionnaire with close ended questions with responses indicated by a simple tick box format. The questionnaire was divided into three sections intended to collect information on (1) sociodemographic characteristics, (2) knowledge, and (3) practice habits toward needlestick injury (NSI) and PEP of the respondents.

Results:

An adequate score (>70% correct response) to knowledge about NSI and PEP was obtained by 60.2% (50/83) of the respondents, while 47% (39/83) of the student participants obtained an adequate score (>70% score) to appropriate practice habits toward NSI and PEP. A high proportion (84.3%) of the student were vaccinated against Hepatitis B virus, but only 6% were aware of their serum antibody to HBsAg. 61.5% of the student reported experiencing NSI during clinical practice with 3.6% of the students taking PEP. The most common reason for not taking PEP was ignorance of PEP protocol (27.7%) and lack of support to report the incidence (18.1%). The postgraduate students scored better than the undergraduate students in both the knowledge and practice parameters, but the results were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study shows that dental students' knowledge, practice, and awareness toward NSI and PEP is inadequate. The current classroom education must be supplemented with additional interventions to ingrain appropriate practice habits.
Impact of treatment and the contribution of persistent posttreatment bacterial vaginosis infection on pregnancy outcome among asymptomatic women: A cohort study
Authors: Ogunniran Babatunde , Adeniran Abiodun , Saidu Rakiya , Akanbi II Ajibola , Adesina Kikelomo , Ijaiya Munirdeen
Published: June 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of antibiotic treatment and posttreatment persistent bacterial vaginosis (BV) infection on pregnancy outcome among asymptomatic women. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among consenting, asymptomatic pregnant women without background medical disorders. All participants were recruited in the second trimester and had BV testing using Nugent score. BV-positive women were treated with a 7-day course of metronidazole with a repeat posttreatment laboratory testing after 4 weeks. The primary outcome was pregnancy outcome of BV-positive versus negative women; the secondary outcomes were posttreatment laboratory BV test result and pregnancy outcome among women with resolution versus persistent infection. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0 and P < 0.05 was significant. Results: The prevalence of BV in pregnancy was 24.1%; vulva itching and vaginal douching were more common among BV-positive women (P = 0.011 and P = 0.001), respectively. Adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (odds ratio [OR]: 8.185, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.196–20.962; P = 0.005), preterm delivery (OR: 24.517, 95% CI: 6.985–86.049; P = 0.001), and birth weight <2500 g (OR: 6.460, 95% CI: 2.893–14.429; P = 0.005) were more common among BV-positive women. Posttreatment persistent BV infection was 25.0% with significantly higher PROM (OR: 18.21, 95% CI: 4.654–71.317; P = 0.001), preterm delivery (OR: 14.571, 95% CI: 4.138–51.308; P = 0.001), birth weight <2500 g (OR: 14.57, 95% CI: 4.138–51.308; P = 0.001), and low 1st min Apgar scores (OR: 7.333, 95% CI: 1.223–43.960; P = 0.049). Conclusion: Symptom-based approach to BV in pregnancy excludes many asymptomatic women; we hereby recommend routine screening. Also, women with BV in pregnancy should undergo repeat testing posttreatment while those with persistent infection will benefit from repeat treatment pending further evidence to formulate a widely acceptable treatment guideline.
Placental changes and perinatal outcomes among women with preeclampsia/eclampsia and normotensive women: A comparative study
Authors: Olarinoye Adebunmi , Folaranmi Olaleke , Olagbaye Babakayode , Olarinoye John , Adesina Kike , Adeniran Abiodun
Published: June 2021

Objective: The study objective was to evaluate placental changes and the perinatal outcomes among women with preeclampsia/eclampsia and compare to normotensive pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This was a comparative (prospective) study, participants were 146 pregnant women; 73 preeclamptic/eclamptic (study group) and 73 normotensive (control group) at 28–40-week gestation selected by purposive sampling. The primary outcome measure was the placenta characteristics, while the secondary outcome was the perinatal outcomes. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0, and statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean placental weight for study group was significantly lower than controls (556.82 g ± 169.72 vs. 649.93 g ± 116.38; P ≤ 0.001); 12 (16%) placentae in the study group had gross placental infarction compared to none (0%) among controls. Study group placentae showed 11 types of microscopic placental changes compared to four among controls. Decidual vasculopathy (P = 0.049), incomplete vascular modeling (P = 0.019), accelerated villi maturity (P = 0.049), acute chorioamnionitis (P = 0.048), and microcalcifications (P = 0.040) were significantly associated with low APGAR scores in the study group. The 1st and 5th min APGAR scores were lower in the study group (P ≤ 0.001, 49.3% vs. 8.2%) and (P = 0.002, 11% vs. 0%), respectively, while all the eight perinatal mortality recorded were in the study group. Conclusion: Preeclampsia/eclampsia is associated with abnormal gross and microscopic placental changes which predisposes to increased adverse perinatal outcome. Antenatal surveillance for preeclampsia/eclampsia should prioritize Doppler studies to characterize the placenta and appropriately plan the delivery.
Dual targeting of TAM receptors Tyro3, Axl, and MerTK
Authors: Wang Kai-Hung , Ding Dah-Ching
Published: June 2021

In both normal and tumor tissues, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) may be pleiotropically expressed. The RTKs not only regulate ordinary cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, adhesion, and migration, but also have a critical role in the development of many types of cancer. The Tyro3, Axl, and MerTK (TAM) family of RTKs (Tyro3, Axl, and MerTK) plays a pleiotropic role in phagocytosis, inflammation, and normal cellular processes. In this article, we highlight the cellular activities of TAM receptors and discuss their roles in cancer and immune cells. We also discuss cancer therapies that target TAM receptors. Further research is needed to elucidate the function of TAM receptors in immune cells toward the development of new targeted immunotherapies for cancer.
Stroke and diets – A review
Authors: Lin Chin-Lon
Published: June 2021

Stroke was one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. In addition, there was a significant increase in the disease burden of stroke in the world over the past 25 years, especially in developing countries. We searched PubMed (National Library of Medicine, USA) and Embase (Elsevier) databases using “Stroke and diets” as strategy, and additional references were obtained from the selected articles. The risk factors of stroke include age, sex, and modifiable factors such as hypertension, smoking, diet, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, psychological factors, and cardiac causes.–together account for >90% of the population attributable risk for stroke. They were discussed individually (Hypertension, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Gut microbiota, Nutrition), and the dietary modifications to reduce these risks were also presented. In conclusion, besides low salt intake, plant-based dietary patterns (especially vegetarian diets) that are rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, seeds, nuts, and dairy and low in meat, sweets, and alcohol significantly improved risk factors for stroke, and observational studies clearly demonstrated the stroke morbidity and mortality benefits. Thus, dietary intervention should be considered as an important strategy in the prevention and management of stroke.
High rates of advanced prostate cancer in the Middle East
Authors: Daher Marilyne , Telvizian Talar , Dagher Christelle , Abdul-Sater Zahi , Massih Sarah Abdel , Chediak Alissar EL , Charafeddine Maya , Shahait Mohammed , Alameddine Raafat , Temraz Sally , Geara Fady , Youssef Bassem , El Hajj Albert , Nasr Rami , Wazzan Wassim , Bulbul Muhammad , Khauli Raja , Shamseddine Ali , Mukherji Deborah
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Prostate cancer incidence is increasing in the Middle East (ME); however, the data of stage at the diagnosis and treatment outcomes are lacking. In developed countries, the incidence of de novo metastatic prostate cancer ranges between 4% and 14%. We hypothesized that the rates of presentation with advanced disease are significantly higher in the ME based on clinical observation. This study aims to examine the stage at the presentation of patients with prostate cancer at a large tertiary center in the ME.

Methods:

After Institutional Review Board approval, we identified the patients diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma and presented to a tertiary care center between January 2010 and July 2015. Clinical, demographic, and pathological characteristics were abstracted. Patients with advanced disease were stratified according to tumor volume based on definitions from practice changing clinical trials. Descriptive and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used.

Results:

A total of 559 patients were identified, with a median age at the diagnosis of 65 years and an age range of 39–94 years. Median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at the presentation was 10 ng/ml, and almost a quarter of the men (23%) presented with metastatic disease. The most common site of metastasis was the bone (34/89, 38%). High-volume metastasis was present in 30.3%, 9%, and 5.2% of the cohort based on STAMPEDE, CHAARTED, and LATITUDE trial criteria, respectively.

Conclusion:

This is the first report showing the high proportion of men from ME presenting with de novo metastasis. This could be due to many factors, including the highly variable access to specialist multidisciplinary management, lack of awareness, and lack of PSA screening in the region. There is a clear need to raise the awareness about prostate cancer screening and early detection and to address the rising burden of advanced prostate cancer affecting men in the ME region.