bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A tribute to nurses; the front-line soldiers who are ready to sacrifice their lives in the war against COVID-19
Authors: Zeb Aurang
Published: August 2021

In the late December 2019, a unique type of pneumonia was observed in Wuhan city and was reported by China Centre for Disease Control (China CDC). The pathogen was identifed on January 07, 2020 and was named as COVID-19. The COVID-19 has transmission rate more than MERS-COV and SARS-COV. The fatality rate, so far, is around 5% that is more than the common infuenza.1 According to WHO report until the end of June, 2020, there are approximately 10 million confrmed cases worldwide with total approximately 0.5 million deaths. In Pakistan alone until now there are 0.2 million confrmed cases with more than 4000 deaths.2 The whole world is affected by this pandemic psychosocially, economically and physically.
To control the spread of infection almost all the countries have started lockdowns. Majority of them are following smart lockdowns where the infected cluster population is sealed only and the restrictions on economic activities are under the safety guidelines. The scientists and medical experts are trying to develop treatment and vaccine against the infection.3 Those who have already got the infections have been quarantined and those with severe symptoms are hospitalized for treatment almost all-over the world. The health care staff including doctors, nurses, pharmacists and other paramedical staff are struggling for the prevention and cure of the disease. This struggle makes them on risk for getting infection by themselves. Thousands of doctors and nurses have already been affected by the infections and hundreds of them have sacrificed their lives in fighting against it. Among all the health care workers, nurses are the professionals who spent more time than the other with the patients and are directly involved in care of the infected patients. Over 20 million nurses worldwide are fighting as front-line soldiers against COVID-19 all-over the world4 and because of the unique patient facing nature of the profession, nurses are at high occupational risk in communities and hospitals.5 It would not be wrong to say that the most vulnerable professionals in this life-threatening pandemic are nurses. Nurses need to be supported by the government and non-governmental organizations by providing them safe environment and protective equipment. Their duties should be scheduled as per WHO recommendations and they need to be compensated in terms of treatment and screening test if anyone of them is suspected for the infection. Today, the health care workers are the real heroes and nurses are the front-line members of the team. The brave efforts of these frontline soldiers are acknowledged all over the world and they have been saluted.
Effects of genetic variability on running performance in professional runners
Authors: Arsh Aatik , Darain Haider , Al-kitani Abdulhameed
Published: August 2021

Introduction: With the recent advancement in the field of genetics, researchers and general public are interested to know the effects of genetic variability on human body. A variety of studies can be found literature regarding the genetic variabilities on human body, however, there is a scarcity of data regarding systematic review on the topic. This review was conducted in order to systematically review the available literature on the effects of genetic variability on running performance in professional runners.
Material & Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was performed in different databases using the terms genes OR genetic (variation, variability, polymorphism) OR genomics AND running (performance, status, success) OR elite runners OR competitive running. Research articles published in English language from inception of medical literature to August 2019 that reported the effects of genetic variability on running performance were included. Those studies were excluded which reported association of gene mutations with genetic disorders. Reviews, commentaries, letter to editors and conference papers were excluded.
Results: Out of total 8 included studies, 5 were case control and 3 were cohort studies. Six articles showed association between genetic variability and running performance while 2 reported no association between genetic variability and running performance in professional runners. Three studies investigated 'I' and 'D' allele of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, out of which two studies found association between 'D' allele of 'ACE' gene and running performance. Besides ACE, the included studies reported association between running performance and 'C' allele of aquaporin 1, Pro582 C allele of rs11549465 & 'A' allele of rs17099207 of HIF1A gene, bradykinin receptor B2, adrenergic receptor beta 2 & adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 and Titin gene.
Conclusion: Genes such as 'ACE', 'HIF1A', aquaporin '1' and Titin may be associated with running performance in professional runners, however, there is limited evidence regarding it as only few articles have been published on this topic. Majority of the published articles are case control studies which clearly indicate a demand for conducting high quality research in this area.
Establishment of business incubation centers in universities: a step towards innovative business in health system
Authors: Mazhar Sajida , Bin Afsar Jan Mohammad , Fatima Mishgan-e-
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT:

Much needed services & resources for the progression of a business are presented by Business Incubation Centers (BIC) for beginner incubates. A successful business incubate would contribute positively in the region by forming original technologies and reducing unemployment(1, 2).

The set up of Business Incubation Centers (BICs) is supported by Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan which offers related services for young incubates, contributing to successful and freestanding companies in the country(3).

The objectives is to encourage self-employment among the young, commercializing research originating from universities(4), creating alliance between Industry and Academia, & contributing to economic growth by employing & forming viable firms(2).

HEC has established thirty business incubation centers in public sector universities of major cities in Pakistan.

Among the thirty universities, BICs have been set up in two universities related to medicine and allied health sciences namely Khyber Medical University Peshawar and Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi. The focus of this paper is to highlight this under studied area and center of attention are the startup incubates from health industry.

Many ground-breaking inventive projects enlisted on HEC’s website are available for commercialization of research, all originating from engineering and technology, none of which stems from medical universities. Although integrating medicine with technology would positively impact the society many fold yet it appears to be a ground unfamiliar by medical faculty(5)

Assessing comments of medical faculty confirms their estrangement regarding BIC(2). There is a lack of knowledge among the faculty concerning BIC; much work has to be done in encouraging medical faculty which will result in positive contributions.

Informal surveys and observations that we conducted further illustrate the aforementioned point and confirm inadequate knowledge of faculty and students regarding BICs, their objectives and purpose of formation. BIC in health industry appear to be a foreign ground passing unnoticed by faculty today.

One can find many startups emerging in the field of health worldwide from internet sources.(6) In Pakistan many innovative business projects originating from the fields of IT, environmental sciences, agriculture, engineering technology etc have been registered by HEC and are ready for commercialization.

Khyber Medical University Business Incubation Center KUBIC is providing an effective platform interconnecting commercial industries and investors inviting multiple incubates across the province to bring forth innovative ideas in the field of health.

The future of business incubation appears bright as there are rich opportunities of research today despite the challenges they face as analyzed by past three decades of emerging practice. 5
Quality of life among patients with heart failure in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan; a cross-sectional study
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Shah Bakhtyar Ali , Muhammad Dildar
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Quality of life is a multifaceted concept which reflect a number of parameters including different symptoms. These factors are affected by many factors including age, gender, marital status, education levels and socioeconomic status. Quality of life in majority of patients with different medical conditions is significantly affected, however, little is known in patients with heart failure coming to tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. This study was designed to assess quality of life among heart failure patients and to determine association between quality of life and selected demographic variables.
Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three tertiary care hospitals; Lady Reading Hospital, Khyber Teaching Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. The data was collected through Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of twenty-one Likert's scale questions. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. All the Likert's scale questions were computed and mean and standard deviation were calculated. Independent t-test was applied to see mean difference across two categories of independent variables as male and female and ANOVA was applied to see the mean difference of quality of life across different categories including socioeconomic status. Chi square test was applied to see association between quality of life across different socio-demographic variables.
Results: The total number of participants included in this survey was 127, whereas 67 (52.8%) were males and 60 (47.2%) were females. Majority of the participants (52.8%) were of above 50 years of age followed by 40-50 years. A big proportion of the participants (66.1%) was married. Majority of the participants (38.6%) had an education level of matric or below followed by 20.5% and 22.5% intermediate and bachelors, respectively. Nearly half of the participants (44.1%) had an income level from 10,000-20,000 rupees per month. An association of gender was observed with exacerbation of symptoms (p = 0.04), difficulty in climbing upstairs (p <0.001), moving in the yard (p < 0.001), going outdoor (p = 0.036) and sleeping difficulty (p <0.001). Similarly, an association was of marital status was observed with sexual pattern (p =0.037) and making you short of breath (p = 0.002). Scores of quality of life across male and female gender was significantly different (male and female; 45.48 ± 17.18 and 53.82 ± 16.55 (mean±sd) respectively, (p = 0.006). 
Conclusion: The study found that patients were defecient in knowledge regarding medical cardiac conditions and its symptoms. It is deemed important for the nurses to properly assess the level of knowledge of these patients and accordingly educate them so that they could better manage their condition at home.
Cytoskeletal changes in Erythrocytes during storage in banked blood
Authors: Haris Muhammad , Baseer Najma , Mehmood Yousafzai Yasar , Haris Sobia , Naeem Usman , Rabail Rabail , Deeba Farah , Jehangir Khan Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Erythrocytes have flexible, non-nucleated bi-concave shape with lipid bilayer cytoskeleton. Any alterations of erythrocyte shape make it susceptible to hemolysis. Blood for transfusion purpose is routinely stored in Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine (CPDA-1) containing blood bags. During storage, blood undergoes an array of different morphological changes termed as “storage lesions” which makes it more fragile. This study was aimed to determine the structural and functional modifications in erythrocytes in CPDA-1 blood stored in local blood bank of KPK.
Material & Methods: Blood from twenty healthy volunteer donors was taken and kept in CPDA-1 containing blood bags at Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University (KMU). Hb-levels and Erythrocyte, Reticulocyte counts, Mechanical Fragility Index (MFI) and immunofluorescence staining for ankiyrin1 protein were performed on fresh blood samples. Samples for reticulocyte count was taken for 5 consecutive days while for the remaining parameters, blood was taken at 5 days interval till day 20th. The light and fluorescence micrographs were obtained accordingly and osmotic fragility tests were performed.
Results: A significant mean reduction in erythrocyte counts and Hb-level was observed from day 0 to 20 (p=0.001), while MFI increased from day 0 to day 20 (12.88%±7.58 p=0.001). Reticulocyte count also decreased from day 0 up to day 5 (p=0.001). A weak association was observed between changes in MFI and erythrocyte morphology from day 0 to 20 (r=0.349), while the intensity and pattern of ankyrin1 protein expression appeared to change from day 10.
Conclusion: Blood stored for a week has same properties as fresh blood, however, important structural alterations start to appear after the first week of storage and worsen with time. Therefore, to gain better transfusion results, blood stored for up to one week can safely be transfused.
Considerations about bisphosphonate therapy and patients using dental prosthesis: a literature review
Authors: Da Silva Maganhoto Ananda , Garcia Margute Túlio , Quirino Mota da Silva Thiago , Rabenschlag Rossato Andrei , Fonseca dos Santos Igor , Garcia Margute Tiago
Published: August 2021

Bisphosphonates are drugs used for treatment of many medical diseases; their prescription has increased over the years due to the various indications for use. They come in two distinct groups: containing nitrogen (alendronate, ibandronate, pamidronate, risedronate and zolendronate) and without nitrogen in their composition (etidronate and tiludronate). Despite being used in the treatment of several diseases, they can lead to the development of osteonecrosis in the patient's maxilla and/or mandible, when submitted to dental procedures, such as extractions, surgeries or traumas for non-adapted prostheses. It is recommended that patients who use bisphosphonates visit the dentist at least once a year, for better control and monitoring of oral health.
Historiography and empirical base of ethnodemographic studies of Ukrainians in the Republic of Moldova at the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI century
Authors:   Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, Kozhukhar Victor
Published: August 2021

The article presents studies on demography in the Republic of Moldova in the late XX – early XXI century. It is noted that after 1991 the close attention of researchers, journalists, public organizations is focused on the problems of demography. The authors trace the dynamics of demographic processes in Moldova, determine the causes and possible consequences of negative processes, offer solutions to improve the situation. Conventionally, we can divide all publications into three categories: 1) works that consider the demographic situation and its dynamics in the country as a whole; 2) work on migration issues; 3) works on ethnodemography, i.e. dedicated to demographic processes in the environment of ethnic communities. However, there are not many special ethno-demographic studies on Ukrainians in Moldova. The article also discusses the main sources for ethnodemographic research: population censuses, current accounting of demographic events, special sample surveys, lists and registers of the population. An analysis of each group of sources is given from the point of view of their informativeness for a full-fledged ethno-demographic study of Ukrainians in Moldova
Ethnological aspects of the history of the legislation of the Russian Empire regarding Jews (1762–1818)
Authors:   Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, Shikhova Irina , Palihovici Iulii ,   Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova
Published: August 2021

The article for the first time in Romanian examines the Jewish ethnological aspect of the history of law in the Russian Empire. The authors, using specific primary material of legislative acts, as well as other historical sources, investigate the history of the appearance of Jews within the borders of the Russian Empire, the history of the creation and functioning of the Jewish Pale of Settlement and the evolution of the official attitude towards them. The authors reveal three fundamental positions on which the entire policy of the Russian Empire regarding the Jews was built: Jews within the Russian Empire have the right to settle only in certain regions; they are attached to the kahals (later – Jewish societies), which are collectively responsible to the state; taxes from Jews are higher than from other citizens of the empire, regardless of their economic status. The particular study is devoted to the short period of liberalization in the first years of the reign of Alexander I, whose "Polojenie o evreiah" at the declarative level gave Jews almost equal rights with the rest of the citizens of the Empire and encouraged them to cultural and economic integration.. The research focuses as well on the regional aspect: history, population, territories of the modern Republic of Moldova and Romania. The chronological framework of this article is from the beginning of the reign of Catherine the Great (1762) to the creation of the Bessarabian region (1818). In the future the study will continue historically, until the collapse of the Russian Empire and the abolition of the Pale of Settlement
The folk-art center as a phenomenon of ethnic artistic tradition
Authors:   Ethnology Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Fedorchuk Olena
Published: August 2021

The research of folk-art centers is based on the materials of the ethnic artistic tradition of the Ukrainian folk costume beaded decor. The folk-art center is presented as a unique place with a strong energy field. In such places, several artistic traditions are often born and developed. The birth of each new artistic tradition is always associated with the need for works of art as in the means for the realization of socially significant functions. In particular, the artistic practices within the tradition of the Ukrainian folk costume beaded decor have always been an effective means of ethnic self-identification. During the 1950s–1970s, the tradition of the Ukrainian folk costume beaded decor had been in the phase of extinction (reverberation), thus a significant part of knowledge had been lost. Nowadays, in the context of globalization, this tradition faces new challenges, such as the danger of cultural unification. The joint annual meetings of amateur and professional folk artists, organized on the basis of the traditional folk-art centers could become an effective means for the preservation and revival of the unique nature of such centers. An important condition for the success of such measures must be the participation as curators of the professional researchers of folk art, knowledgeable of local traditions.
GAMBARAN PERAN KELUARGA DALAM MERAWAT PASIEN GANGGUAN JIWA SKIZOFRENIA YANG MENGALAMI KEKAMBUHANDI INSTALASI RAWAT JALAN RUMAH SAKIT JIWA DAERAH ABEPURA
Authors: Manda Haslinda , Nompo Rifki Sakinah , Rhomandoni Muh.
Published: August 2021

Latar Belakang: Skizofrenia merupakan penyakit mental yang serius. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh gangguan konsentrasi neurotransmiter otak, perubahan reseptor sel-sel otak, dan kelainan otak struktural. Pasien akan memiliki pemikiran, perasaan, emosi, ucapan, dan perilaku yang tidak normal, yang memengaruhi kehidupan, pekerjaan, kegiatan sosial, dan kemampuan untuk mengurus diri mereka sehari-hari sehingga mereka membutuhkan keluarga dalam membantu proses pemulihan selama berada di rumah. Peran keluarga merupakan pendukung penting dalam proses pemulihan pasien skizofrenia terutama untuk mencegah terjadinya kekambuhan. Sikap keluarga yang tidak menerima pasien skizofrenia atau bersikap bermusuhan dengan pasien akan membuat kekambuhan terjadi. Tujuan: mengidentifikasi gambaran peran keluarga dalam merawat pasien gangguan jiwa skizofrenia yang mengalami kekambuhan di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Abepura. Metode Penelitian: menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan jumlah sampel 30 responden, serta analisa data menggunakan prosentase. Hasil: dari 30 responden yang diteliti 15 keluarga (50.0%) berperan dalam merawat kekambuhan pasien skizofrenia dan 15 keluarga (50.0%) tidak berperan dalam merawat kekambuhan pasien skizofrenia. Kesimpulan: penelitian menunjukkan hasil seimbang antara keluarga yang berperan dalam merawat kekambuhan pasien skizofrenia, hal ini mungkin terjadi karena kurangnya informasi atau pengetahuan mengenai perawatan pasien skizofrenia di rumah, dan stigma yang masih melekat pada masyarakat seperti: dikucilkan, tidak dapat berproduktifitas, tidak berguna, menakutkan, dan lain sebagainya.

Kata Kunci: Peran Keluarga, Skizofrenia, Kekambuhan
GAMBARAN KONSEP DIRI REMAJA DI KELAS XI IPA 1 SMA NEGERI 1 SENTANI KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
Authors: Baaka Jusmadini , Nompo Rifki Sakinah , Arvia Arvia
Published: August 2021

Latar Belakang: Konsep diri individu tidaklah bawaan dari lahir tetapi timbul akibat adanya pengalaman, persepsi dan hasil belajar yang dialami oleh setiap individu. Konsep diri seseorang terbentuk dari proses belajar. Konsep diri pada remaja merupakan keadaan dimana remaja mampu menilai dirinya secara fisik, psikis, sosial, emosional, aspirasi, dan prestasi. Keperawatan jiwa konsep diri terdiri dari lima komponen; citra tubuh/ gambaran diri, harga diri, indentitas diri, peran, dan ideal diri. Remaja yang memiliki konsep diri positif cenderung menampilkan tingkah laku sosial yang positif, sedangkan remaja yang konsep diri kurang memandang dirinya negatif sehingga akan timbulnya konsep diri negatif. Dalam mengembangkan potensi diri, individu perlu memahami dirinya sendiri, dan mengetahui kelebihan dan kelemahan yang dimilikinya serta cara memahami dan mengetahui diri sendiri. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui konsep diri remaja di kelas XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Sentani Kabupaten Jayapura. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan persentase, dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai Februari 2021. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 33 siswa/I, dengan kuesioner konsep diri yang terdiri dari 43 pernyataan positif dan negatif. Hasil: Konsep diri remaja dengan kriteria positif 31 orang (93.9%) dan konsep diri dengan kriteria negatif 2 orang (6.1%). Kesimpulan: Konsep diri bukanlah aspek yang dibawa sejak lahir, tetapi merupakan aspek yang dibentuk melalui interaksi individu dalam berbagai lingkungan, baik itu lingkungan keluarga maupun lingkungan lain yang lebih luas. Pada dasarnya konsep diri seseorang terbentuk dari lingkungan pertama yang paling dekat dengan individu, yaitu lingkungan keluarga, tetapi lama-kelamaan konsep diri individu akan berkembang melalui hubungan dengan lingkungan yang lebih luas, seperti teman sebaya.

Kata Kunci: Konsep Diri, Remaja, SMA
PENGETAHUAN ORANG TUA TENTANG PEMBERIAN OBAT ORAL CAIR PADA ANAK DI RUANG KANAK - KANAK RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH JAYAPURA
Authors: Wangguway Roy M. , Amir Nurhidayah , Suhardi Dewi
Published: August 2021

Latar Belakang: Peran orang tua pada anak yang sakit dengan menjaga kesehatan membutuhkan pengetahuan dalam pemberian obat. Pemberian obat yang salah meliputi waktu dan cara pemberian mengakibatkan kelebihan atau kekurangan dosis obat yang berdampak pada kesembuhan serta gangguan kesehatan lainnya. Tujuan penelitian: Diketahui pengetahuan orang tua tentang pemberian obat oral cair pada anak di Ruang Kanak - Kanak Rumah Sakit Umum  Daerah Jayapura. Metode penelitian: Deskriptif kuantitatif di Ruang Anak–Anak RSUD Jayapura denganpopulasi pada orang tua pasien anak yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus - Oktober 2019. Data diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan chi square. Hasil penelitian: Pengetahuan orang tua tentang pemberian obat oral cair pada anak di Ruang Kanak – Kanak RSUD Jayapura dalam kategori pengetahuan baik sebanyak 21 orang (53,8%), pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 13 orang (33,3%) dan pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 5 orang (12,8%). Simpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetauan orang tua tentang pemberian obat oral cair tertinggi yaitu pengetahuan baik.

Kata kunci        : Pengetahuan, Obat Oral Cair, Orang Tua
HUBUNGAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF DENGAN TINGKAT DEPRESI PADA LANSIA DI PANTI BINA LANJUT USIA SENTANI KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
Authors: Yusnita Rahma , Huri Mohamad , Arvia Arvia
Published: August 2021

Latar belakang: Proses menua dan bertambahnya usia menjadi lebih tua menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan fisik dan psikologis. Penurunan fisik berdampak pada fungsi kognitif lansia yang berdampak pada meningkatkan tingkat depresi pada lansia. Tujuan penelitian: untuk mengetahui hubungan fungsi kognitif dengan tingkat depresi pada lansia di Panti Bina Lanjut Usia Sentani Kabupaten Jayapura. Metode penelitian: Jenis penelitian desktriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study yang berlokasi di Panti Bina Lanjut Usia Sentani yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 17 Mei sampai dengan 12 Juli 2018. sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah lansia sebanyak 49 orang responden. Data diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner MMSE dan kuesioner GDS yang dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian: Secara umum lansia mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif sebesar 42,9%, kemungkinan kognitif terganggu sebesar 42,9% dan fungsi kognitif normal sebesar 14,3%. Tingkat depresi lansia tertinggi mengalami depresi ringan sebesar 57,1%, depresi sedang sebesar 24,5%, depresi berat sebesar 10,2% dan sedikit yang tidak depresi sebesar 8,2%. Hasil uji statistik antara fungsi kognitif lansia dengan tingkat depresi diperoleh p value = 0,028 < 0,05. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara fungsi kognitif lansia dengan tingkat depresi pada lansia di Panti Bina Lanjut Usia Sentani Kabupaten Jayapura. Saran: Untuk meningkatkan fungsi kognitif pada lansia, bisa dilakukan dengan banyak membaca serta melakukan kegiatan yang dapat mencegah terjadinya depresi, juga adanya dukungan yang kuat dari perawat, pengelola panti serta keluarga.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN ORANG TUA PASIEN DENGAN PENANGANAN DIARE DI RUANG ANAK RSUD JAYAPURA
Authors: Rita Rita , Amir Nurhidayah , Suhardi Dewi
Published: August 2021

Latar Belakang: Diare merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama dinegara-negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Masih banyak orang tua balita yang belum cukup mampu memberikan penanganan yang baik dan tepat. Hal ini disebabkan karena pengetahuan orang tua tentang penanganan diare yang masih rendah. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan orang tua pasien dengan penanganan diare di Ruang Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Jayapura. Metode: Menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian deskriptif korelasi pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh Anak yang menderita diare di Ruang Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Jayapura sebanyak 60 penderita. Sampelnya menggunakan teknik sampling random sederhana dengan jumlah 52 penderita dari tanggal 02 Agustus sampai dengan 31 Oktober 2018. Analisa menggunakan kruskal-wallis. Hasil: Diperoleh bahwa pengetahuan orang tua pasien di Ruang Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Jayapura berpengetahuan dalam kategori baik sebanyak 6 orang (11,5%), kategori cukup sebanyak 29 orang (55,8%) dan kategori kurang sebanyak 17 orang (32,7%). Penanganan diare yang dilakukan orang tua dalam kategori baik sebanyak 19 orang (36,5%), kategori cukup sebanyak 21 orang (40,4%) dan kategori kurang sebanyak 12 orang (23,1%). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan pengetahuan orang tua pasien dengan penanganan diare di Ruang Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Jayapura dengan signifikansi p-value 0,013.Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Penanganan Diare
PENGARUH PROMOSI KESEHATAN TENTANG IMUNISASI PADA ANAK USIA 0-5 TAHUN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN IBU DI PUSKESMAS SENTANI
Authors: Sembiring Natalia Lisma Br , Barends Vivi Hermalina , Supriyanto Enos
Published: August 2021

Latar belakang: Promosi kesehatan tidak hanya proses penyadaran masyarakat atau pemberian dan peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang kesehatan saja, tetapi disertai dengan upaya-upaya memfasilitasi perubahan perilaku. Peran perawat berdasarkan UU RI Nomor 38 tahun 2014, sebagai penyuluh dan konselor, melakukan pengkajian keperawatan secara holistik ditingkat individu dan keluarga serta ditingkat kelompok dan masyarakat, melakukan pemberdayaan masyarakat, melaksanakan advokasi dalam perawatan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat, menjalin kemitraan dalam perawatan kesehatan masyarakat dan melakukan penyuluhan kesehatan dan konseling. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh promosi kesehatan tentang imunisasi pada anak usia 0-5 tahun terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan ibu di Puskesmas Sentani. Jenis Penelitian: Menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan Pra-Eksperimen (pra-experiments design) dengan One group Pretest-Postest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 1.347 orang ) dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 93 responden yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Hasil: Uji paired sample T-Test sebesar -10.869 sehingga bisa diambil kesimpulan untuk menerima Ha  karena p value < α yaitu 0,000<0,05. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh promosi kesehatan tentang imunisasi pada anak usia 0-5 tahun terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan ibu di Puskesmas Sentani.

Kata kunci: Promosi Kesehatan, Imunisasi, Anak, Pengetahuan
LITERATURE REVIEW GAMBARAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA PASIEN GANGGUAN PERSEPSI SENSORI ; HALUSINASI PENDENGARAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TERAPI KOGNITIF
Authors: Pangestu Apri Danu , Setiawan Christina Trisnawati , Purnomo Roni
Published: August 2021

Latar belakang : Menurut WHO pada tahun 2017 terdapat ±450 juta penderita gangguan jiwa didunia termasuk skizofernia. Tingginya angka halusinasi perlu solusi dari perawat dengan melakukan tindakan asuhan keperawatan untuk pasien gangguan persepsi sensori : halusinasi pendengaran. Terapi kognitif mengacu pada pemrosesan informasi serta perilaku seseorang yang depresif. Penatalaksanaan halusinasi pendengaran salah satunya dengan terapi kognitif, individu diarahkan agar dapat berfikir lebih logis, sehingga individu mampu mengidentifikasi pikiran yang muncul sebagai sebuah gejala psikologis yang dialamin, bukan suatu hal fakta atau realita yang sedang terjadi, sehingga frekuensi halusinasi dapat turun Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui tentang gambaran tentang tindakan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien halusinasi pendengaran terapi kognitif. Metode : Penelitian deskriptif hanya menggambarkan atau memaparkan variable yang diteliti tanpa menganalisa hubungan antar variable . Hasil : Pada penelitian literature review ini didapatkan hasil terjadinya penurunan frekuensi halusinasi Tn. A dari 5 kali sehari menjadi 2 kali sehari, sedangkan pada Ny.Y tidak ditemukan adanya penurunan frekuensi halusinasi dengan frekuensi halusinasi tetap 4 kali dalam sehari. Kesimpulan : Adanya pengaruh terapi kognitif terhadap penurunan frekuensi halusinasi pada pasien halusinasi pendengaran. Terapi kognitif dapat digunakan sebagai pengobatan non-farmakologi bagi pasien dengan halusinasi pendengaran untuk menurunkan frekuensi halusinasi pendengaran.

Kata kunci : Gangguan Persepsi Sensori, Terapi Kognitif, Halusinasi Pendengaran
Antibacterial Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles extracted from Capparis decidua against Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus Species
Authors: S Sneka , Santhakumar Preetha
Published: August 2021

Nano particles have an enormous impact on society. Selenium nanoparticles are used in various oxidative stresses. Capparis decidua is a plant which belongs to a family Capparidaceae. Capparis decidua is found in desert and semi desert areas and is used in Unani medicine and traditional system of medicine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of selenium nanoparticles synthesized using Capparis decidua. Antibacterial activity was studied by inhibition zone against E.coli and Lactobacillus using Agar well diffusion method which was characterized by a clear zone. Selenium nanoparticles extracted from Capparis decidua fruit showed good antibacterial activity against lactobacillus species and E.coli.
An intelligent web-based point of sales management system for small and medium scale businesses
Authors: Mishack Asubonteng , Kwabena Essiaw James , Abdul Razak Alhassan , Owusu-Boadu Bridgitte
Published: August 2021

The increase in population globally has caused organisations and businesses to move from square rooms, table-top and containers into supermarkets, malls and more. With this expansion in businesses, the traditional pen and paperwork system for keeping records are becoming more difficult for salespersons and shop owners everywhere. However, the introduction of the point-of-sales management system and advancement in technologies have elevated the challenges facing shop owners in managing their daily sales and balance sheet. Despite the overwhelming number of POS systems available, wholesalers and retailers' in low-income counties such as Ghana see some challenges with the existing POS, cost-effectiveness, and user-friendliness. Thus, the cultural difference makes it difficult for easy adaptation of shop owners to off-the-shell POS system. Hence, the current study sought to design and develop a user-friendly, low-cost intelligent web-based point of sales management system for small and medium scale business in the Bono region of Ghana, based on a user-centred approach. Using a waterfall model, we implement a POS system based on XAMP server and MySQL database as backend and PHP for server-side scripting. At the same time, HTML and CSS were used for front end development. Our experimental setup with ten students shows that the proposed system is easy to use and robust. Thus, it has a user-friendly interface for even novice to learn it with ease.
Economics of rice production under rice zone in Gorkha District, Nepal
Authors:   Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, Paudel Sandip , Parajuli Sovit , Mahatara Bishal , Budhathoki Srijan , Ram Rishi
Published: August 2021

A research was conducted at the Gorkha district to access the economics of rice production. The Stratified Random Sampling technique was used in the research. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. Altogether 120 respondents were surveyed. Data were analyzed using software like SPSS and MS-excel. The average rice cultivation area (spring and summer) was 0.47 hectare. Based on the average rice cultivation area, farmers were categorized into a smallholding (67 in number) and medium and large holding farmers (53 in number). The majority of the respondents were janajati and the majority of the household head had a primary level of education. The major cost of rice production was incurred in labor cost i.e., 75% compared to other inputs. The return from the rice was obtained from rice grains and straw with an overall contribution of 79.5% and 20.5% respectively. The BC ratio on average was found 1.28 while the BC ratio of the medium and large farmers was found higher than the small farmers, indicating rice production was profitable in the study area. Insect pests and diseases were found to be the most serious production problem among the several problems, with index value (I = 0.867). In short, rice cultivation is the primary priority among the farmers as it helps in food security. Hence it is recommended that the timely application of agricultural inputs, optimum utilization of input resources helps to foster rice production in those areas, consequently making it a more profitable occupation.
Soil properties among Indian Central Himalayan agroecosystems as affected by altitude and size variations
Authors:   Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Shahi Charu , Bargali SS ,   Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Bargali Kiran ,   Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital
Published: August 2021

The present study has been performed among Central Himalayan agroecosystems (AGEs) to analyze the changes in some physico- chemical properties of soils along four altitudes viz. very low (VLA), low (LA), mid (MA) and high altitude (HA). The AGEs were categorized into three size classes i.e. small, medium, and large based on the regional availability of landholding sizes. Results revealed that the size of the AGEs significantly affected only physical parameters of the soil while chemical parameters remain unaffected, this may be due to the regional similarity in management practices of AGEs which governed by the identical seasonal cropping patterns, local food selectivity and economic status of the peasant. The soil bulk density was recorded maximum at VLA (1.00 g cm-3) and decreased with increasing altitude and sizes of agroecosystem thus the correlations were significant. Water holding capacity depicted positive relation with porosity (r= 0.229, P<0.01) and OC (r= 0.273) while negative relation with silt (r= -0.172), bD (r= -0.221,) and pH (r= -0.081). Soil nitrogen was reported highest at MA in medium sized agroecosystems, during the rainy season (0.287 %) followed by winter (0.257 %) and summer season (0.243 %). Overall maximum soil carbon stock was observed at MA (41.41 t ha-1) > HA (37.85 t ha-1) > LA (33.00 t ha-1) > VLA (30.16 t ha-1). Suitable management practices of higher altitudes reflected as the high fertility of the soil in those regions (SQI= HA> MA> LA> VLA) which must be followed by the farm managers of lower altitudes.
Application of Therapeutic Jurisprudence: A Different Approach to Punishment in Kenya
Authors: Kariuki Eric
Published: August 2021

A critical role of the State is the regulation of crime by maintaining law and order and, at the same time, punishing crime. This paper seeks to address the retrogressive way crime is punished in Kenya. The author proposes that this can be rectified through the application of the doctrines of therapeutic jurisprudence (TJ), a theory first propounded by David Wexler when he tried to create a solution to the treatment of mental health victims in criminal courts. This paper takes his theories and applies them to the Kenyan context. In addressing these issues, this paper shall first look at the existing theories behind punishment, with focus on incarceration as the primary form of punishment, and highlight their flaws. It shall then look at TJ and explain how it can be infused into the Kenyan legal system. In doing so, the paper argues, the effectiveness of punishment can be greatly increased.
Improving Access to Justice in Kenya through Horizontal Application of the Bill of Rights and Judicial Review
Authors: Matu Doris
Published: August 2021

Article 20 of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 states that the Bill of Rights binds all state organs and all persons. However, the extent to which natural persons and private legal persons can be held liable for human rights violations has become an issue. The courts have differed and provided mixed directions as to liability for human rights violations by private persons. Under the previous constitutional era, only decisions of public entities could be reviewed through judicial review. This article is an attempt to illustrate, with the aid of case law, the increased possibility for access to justice by the litigant in constitutional rights matters post-2010. We move from the previous era where human rights could not generally be sought against private persons to one where there is an attitude of acceptance, albeit a very cautious one, where rights can now be sought against any private persons. Also, there is hope for justice and a better society in general, if private bodies’ decisions can also be judicially reviewed. Private entities wield immense power over individuals and it is crucial to lift the veil of privacy and go to the root of the matter by evaluating their decision-making processes.
Taxing Income from Illegal Activity: The Kenyan Perspective
Authors: Maina Eva , Paranta Edward
Published: August 2021

Increasingly, states are being called upon to act on illicit financial flows with respect to taxation. In a recent decision, the Court of Appeal of Kenya held that illegal income is taxable under the Kenyan law. There are various arguments for and against taxation of illegal income. As well as arising issues such as deductibility of expenses incurred in the process of income generation, how it relates with the right against self-incrimination and the role of tax law in reinforcing the criminal justice system. This essay is an analysis on whether illegal income in Kenya should be subjected to taxation. The contribution surmises that while taxation of such income may reap benefits, caution must be exercised in order to protect the right against self incrimination.
Torture by the Nigerian Police Force: International Obligations, National Responses and the Way Forward
Authors: Babatunde Elkanah
Published: August 2021

Police brutality has become rife in Nigeria and is regarded by some as a normal part of police operations. This is despite the fact that the Nigerian Constitution provides for the guarantee of the right to dignity and the protection against torture and inhuman or degrading treatment. Nigeria is also party to some international treaties such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights which expressly prohibit torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. This raises the question whether police brutality in Nigeria amounts to torture and / or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and whether the existing legal framework sufficiently prevents and punishes the perpetrators of these acts.
Ignorance of the Law is No Defence
Authors: Nciko Arnold
Published: August 2021

The age-long maxim, ignorance of the law is no defence, is a widely known presumption of law. This paper explains societal backdrops against which it has, from time to time, been contextualised. The aim is to prove that failure to present the law in a simplified and digestible form harms the rule of law. While the rule of law requires the capacity of the law to guide the layperson, the sheer number and complex nature of laws in modern States have made it virtually impossible for him or her to know the law. However, this paper does not seek to excuse ignorance of the law. Instead, it offers the street law programme as a panacea to reconcile this presumption with the rule of law. Further, with a particular reference to Kenya, it attempts to give a lesson for most African countries, where little or no attention has been paid to this programme.
An Inquiry into the Limits of Judicial Intervention in the Impeachment Process of Governors in Kenya
Authors: Munyao Andrea
Published: August 2021

Article 181(2) of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya instructs Parliament to enact a law highlighting the process of impeachment of a county governor. This has been realised through the County Government Act, Section 33. Section 33 recognises the County Assembly and the Senate as the bodies responsible for this process. However, the County Government Act fails to address at what point the courts can intervene in the impeachment process of governors. This is often a problematic issue as the doctrine of separation of powers requires each arm of government to perform their functions independently. Nonetheless, Kenyan courts have the duty to protect aggrieved parties whenever their rights are threatened. However, the point at which they can intervene is not stated under any law and this creates confusion between the role of courts of law in the impeachment process, on the one hand, and that of the County Assembly and the Senate, on the other. It is not clear which role should be discharged first. This paper, therefore, seeks to address this confusion through a critique of the Wambora case, a case that was appealed up to the Supreme Court. The paper also suggests a complimentary system whereby the Senate, County Assembly and the courts can work in harmony, and, do away with the confusion.
Solitary Brain Metastasis of Prostate Adenocarcinoma with Normal PSA and PALB2 Mutation
Authors: Lungulescu Cristina , Răileanu Ștefan , Dumitru Ștefania , Dănciulescu Mihaela
Published: August 2021

"Prostate cancer is the second most frequent malignancy worldwide, with an increased incidence over the last two decades. Most patients are asymptomatic at diagnosis due to widespread opportunistic prostate-specific antigen-based screening. Cerebral metastases originating from prostatic tumors are rare, occurring in 0.16% to 0.63% of prostate cancer cases, and generally developing in the setting of widespread disease. We report the case of a 62-year-old male with symptomatic isolated brain metastasis as an early clinical presentation of prostate adenocarcinoma in the setting of a normal PSA and digital rectal examination.
Next-generation sequencing panel revealed a mutation in the PALB2 gene. Germline mutation in genes involved in homologous recombination repair complex, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 increase the incidence and the aggressiveness of multiple cancer types including prostate cancer, yet can provide alternative treatment options using PARP inhibitors after disease progression for patients previously treated with enzalutamide or abiraterone."
Evaluation of Iatrogenic Hypocortisolemia Following Trilostane Therapy in 48 Dogs with Pituitary-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Appleman Elizabeth , Schrage Abigail , Lamb Kenneth E. , Langston Cathy
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to retrospectively describe the clinical progression following diagnosis of iatrogenic hypocortisolemia (iHC) in 48 dogs receiving trilostane for pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Cortisol concentrations were ≥1.5 mg/dL within 6 mo following diagnosis of iHC in 76.3% of dogs (95% confidence interval [CI] 59.8–88.6%). At the time of study completion, 25% of dogs (95% CI 13.6–39.6%) were receiving either glucocorticoids or mineralocorticoids or both; 42% of dogs (95% CI 27.6–56.8%) were on no adrenal-related medications; and the remaining 33% of dogs (95% CI 20.4–48.4%) were receiving trilostane. No patient-, clinicopathologic-, or trilostane-associated factors were identified to influence adrenal recovery following diagnosis of iHC, and it remains difficult to predict the clinical progression in this population of dogs.
Diferencial de salário entre trabalhadores nativos e migrantes na cafeicultura de Minas Gerais
Authors: Reis Nilmar Diogo dos , Costa Jaqueline Severino da , Gonçalves Artur Alexandre , Junior Luiz Gonzaga De Castro , Fontes Renato Elias
Published: August 2021

O Brasil é o maior produtor e exportador mundial e segundo consumidor de café no mundo. Por isso, o café é um dos produtos mais significativos para a economia brasileira. Em Minas Gerais, a produção é basicamente manual em virtude da topografia e, desta forma, utiliza muita mão de obra que é composta por trabalhadores locais e de imigrantes de outras regiões do Brasil o que leva à discussão se a renda auferida por esses trabalhadores é socialmente justa, sobretudo quando se compara os rendimentos salariais da força de trabalho local à força de trabalho em relação aos migrantes na cafeicultura. Os resultados encontrados apontaram para a existência de evidências de que os migrantes ganham um rendimento/hora superior aos trabalhadores nativos. Além disso, o efeito característica foi o maior responsável pelos ganhos superiores observados.