bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating Indonesian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions on Blended Learning Strategy Amid Post-Covid-19 Era
Authors: Wijaya Kristian
Published: January 2022

One of the good news of the new normal era is all humankind’s sectors are opened gradually by following the restricted health protocols. Without an exception, the educational sector is also allowed by the government to open schools in the green zone. As a result, a blended learning strategy is inevitably essential to support this post-covid-19 era. Blended learning strategy is a novel pedagogical approach where the online and offline systems are combined to promote more purposeful, organized, and meaningful learning dynamics for learners. This current small-scale qualitative study aimed to investigate the specific benefits of a blended learning strategy based on Indonesian EFL teachers’ perceptions. Thus, 5 open-ended written narrative inquiry questions were sent to two randomly invited Indonesian EFL teachers working in different elementary school institutions. The obtained research results unveiled that the effective utilization of blended learning strategy had successfully promoted more meaningful language learning enterprises, elevated EFL learners’ learning motivation, and increased their proactive learning behaviors. However, it should also be pondered carefully that the more contextualized language learning approaches, as well as stable internet connection, are urgently needed to strengthen the effectiveness of this learning approach. Due to the obtained research results, it is reasonable to be expected that Indonesian EFL experts, teachers, practitioners, and policy-makers can establish more collaborative networking to better design more qualified and meaningful blended learning activities in the future.
TEFL in the Postmethod Era
Authors: Asra Surya , Husna Faizatul , Fadlia Fadlia , Syahputra Bania Allif
Published: January 2022

This study aims to review the implementation of steps in teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) from a post-method point of view. The research is an analytical study using a literature review approach to describe the results and to draw conclusions. The results of the literature analysis show that basically there is no fundamental theoretical difference between the method and post-method. Regarding the implementation of teaching English from the post - method point of view, there is no fundamental difference found on the steps of teaching English in methods that existed before the era of post-method. Therefore, the energy of debate between proponents of method and post-method can be directed to find the best and appropriate steps in teaching English to students.
Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the XY spin chain from form factor expansion
Authors: Granet Etienne , Dreyer Henrik , Essler Fabian
Published: January 2022

We consider the XY spin chain with arbitrary time-dependent magnetic field and anisotropy. We argue that a certain subclass of Gaussian states, called Coherent Ensemble (CE) following [1], provides a natural and unified framework for out-of-equilibrium physics in this model. We show that all correlation functions in the CE can be computed using form factor expansion and expressed in terms of Fredholm determinants. In particular, we present exact out-of-equilibrium expressions in the thermodynamic limit for the previously unknown order parameter 1-point function, dynamical 2-point function and equal-time 3-point function.
ACUTE ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY OF TUBERCULOSIS ORIGIN: CLINICAL CASE
Authors:   Departements of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, Medical school, University Hospital Center, Agadir, Morocco., Akioud Fatima , Moustaghit Imane ,   Departements of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, Medical school, University Hospital Center, Agadir, Morocco., Alami Hassani Chaymaa ,   Departements of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, Medical school, University Hospital Center, Agadir, Morocco., Louday Loubna ,   Departements of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, Medical school, University Hospital Center, Agadir, Morocco., Hamaichat Meryem ,   Departements of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, Medical school, University Hospital Center, Agadir, Morocco., Damoune Ikram ,   Departements of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, Medical school, University Hospital Center, Agadir, Morocco., Ajdi Farida ,   Departements of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, Medical school, University Hospital Center, Agadir, Morocco.
Published: January 2022

AdrenalTuberculosis is arare and difficult condition to diagnose. It issometimesdiscoveredduring the etiologicalassessment of adrenalinsufficiency. Hereafter, is a report of a rare case of adrenaltuberculosis revealed through acute adrenal insufficiency, associatedwithcutaneoustuberculosiswithout an active pulmonary component.
EFFECT OF CAVITY RATIO ON HEAT TRANSFER BY FREE LOAD FROM HEATED PLATES UPWARD WITH CONSTANT HEAT FLUX
Authors:   Specialist Trainer B, High Institute of Energy, Kuwait., Abdulhadiethbayah Waleed
Published: January 2022

Many engineering and industrial applications always seek to find ways to dissipate heat from heated surfaces used in these industries. As it is involved in the cooling of electronic parts and electrical transformers, as well as the design of solar collectors, in addition to being a process of heat exchange between hot surfaces and the fluids in contact with them. Since most electronic devices or their parts are cooled by removing the heat generated inside them by using air as a heat transfer medium and in a free convection way, and the fact that heat transfer by free convection occurs in many fields, so there were many studies that dealt with this topic. The free load is generated by the buoyant force (Bouncy force) As a result of the difference in the density of the fluid adjacent to the heated surface due to the difference in temperatures between the fluid and the surface. The laminar flow along surfaces has been extensively studied analytically [1,2,3,4] In the horizontal, inclined and vertical case, whether by constant heat flux or constant surface temperature, there are also many experimental studies of heat transfer by free convection from horizontal, inclined and vertical surfaces with constant heat flux or constant surface temperature [5,6,7,8]. Some experimental studies have also been conducted on heat transfer by convection from heated surfaces in the form of a disk (ring)The outcome of these studies was to extract an exponential mathematical relationship between the average of Nusselt number and the Kirchhoff number or Rayleigh number and the following formula: (Nu=C(Ra) n It is one of the most suitable formulas for heat transfer by free convection from heated surfaces in all its forms and over a wide range of Rayleigh number . It is noted that not all of these studies dealt with the study of the effect of the cavity ratio on heat transfer by free convection from square-shaped surfaces, which is the form that is more applied in electronic devices. Therefore, the current research means studying the rate of change in the average of Nusselt number, which represents a function of the rate of change in the rate of heat transfer by convection, as well as studying the thermal gradient above the surface, and this was done through using three hollow surfaces in proportions (0.25,0.5,0.75) of the total area.
Clean Water Using Solar and Wind: Outside the Power Grid (Persian Translation)
Authors: Olsson Gustaf
Published: January 2022

Solar photo-voltaic (PV) and wind offer to bring both clean energy and clean water to remote regions and peri-urban areas in the world, outside the conventional electric grids. One out of seven people has no electric power available that would bring light to the home, cook the food, pump to access water and purify or re-use it. Off-grid systems are scalable and can be designed to any size, from household to village and community levels. The renewable energy cost development is remarkable and can make electric power affordable also for the poorest.

Renewables promise an end to the era where energy security is closely related to geopolitics. The expenditure is up-front capital cost while “fuel” is free. With renewables, there is no geopolitical pressure where one country has deposits of a fossil fuel while another does not.

This book aims to show how clean water and clean energy are reachable for all while contributing to both a better climate and a healthier life.

ISBN: 9781789062953 (eBook)
PERSONAL RIGHTS OF CHILDREN IN THE SUBJECT OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION
Authors: KOMISSAROVA Elena G. , KRASNOVA Tatiana V.
Published: January 2022

The Russian scientific potential in promoting children’s rights is still largely limited by the interpretation of such a normative and theoretical construction as “protection of children’s rights”. The habitualness of such provision, however, does not imply that the theoretical interpretation of constitutional norms and of special legislation on the rights of the child excludes the positive regulatory aspect of the awareness of such rights. So far, little has been done in this field. In an effort to make their contribution to the creation of a harmonious theoretical concept covering the entire normative palette of children’s rights, including the personal non-property rights of the child, based on the theory of constitutional culture, the authors turn to the right of the child to know his/her origin, which is not named in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Regarding the research methodology, such specific methods of scientific knowledge as intersectoral analysis, method of comparative law analysis, formal legal and logical methods, method of scientific generalization were used. The following theoretical conclusions are formulated in the article: the theory of children’s rights in the perspective of its constitutional development requires doctrinal support in the form of informal interdisciplinary research at the intersection of constitutional and family law; The mechanical references to constitutional norms should be replaced by a scientific understanding that constitutional provisions relating to human rights in general and the rights of the child in particular cannot be taken for granted by the doctrine, at least they need doctrinal support in the form of creating a harmonious theory of children’s rights.
THE RULE OF LAW AND THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE JUDICIARY IN THE PRACTICE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: KLYUCHNIKOV Andrew Yu.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the principle of the rule of law, implemented through the provisions of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950. (Convention) by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). The relevance of studying this principle is due to the new approach formed by the Court that the rule of law is “inherent in all articles of the Convention.” We can see its application in the current case-law of the Court as one of the fundamental elements of the independence of national courts.
Thus, the author aims to identify the theoretical and practical aspects of the ECHR’s approach to the problem of judicial independence and legal application of the rule of law principle, to study the relevant Court practice. The rule of law and the independence of the judiciary as the basic elements of the convention system are an integral part of the institution of the “European public order” developed by the ECHR, therefore it is necessary to trace their interconnection.
The case-law of the ECHR served as the material for the study, which allowed us to identify all stages of the formation of the rule of law principle and its actual “content”. Analyzing judicial practice, along with using doctrinal approaches, we managed to identify the limits of permissible application of national laws, the powers of bodies and officials of various branches of government, bodies of the judicial community to the given problem, new aspects of the status of judges seen as one of the democratic values of society. To achieve this, the author used methods specific to studies of law and general scientific (traditional) research methods, with an emphasis on comparative and general legal methods, and the method of induction during the analysis of judicial practice.
The paper examines the normative sources of law and judicial practice of the ECHR, allowing to reveal the principle of the rule of law, its correlation with the principle of judicial independence, the specifics of its impact on the domestic national judicial system and the functioning of the state apparatus, to determine the role of the principle in the convention mechanism of the protection of human rights.
LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN NEW CONSTITUTIONAL CONDITIONS
Authors: LEIS Alexander V.
Published: January 2022

In 2020, a constitutional reform was carried out in Russia, the provisions of which significantly affected the regulation of local self-government, as well as the entire system of state structure of the country.
At first glance, the changes are not fundamentally new, since many of them are the consolidation of the provisions of the current legislation or the established policy of the state. Nevertheless, constitutional norms significantly expand the discretionary powers of state authorities, which may lead to a lack of constitutional guarantees for individual institutions.
The formulation in the text of the constitution of a unified system of public authority is one of the most important changes that can affect the future of local self-government in Russia. Public authorities enter the system based on the principles of consensual interaction and coordination of activities within interests of the population.
The novelty of the article is determined by an integrated approach to the study of the essence of the unified system of public authority, of assigning citizens a central place in the system, as well as of introducing the category «unified system of public authorities» into the nomenclature. The main changes are examined through the prism of increasing the level of citizens’ involvement in participation in local self-government, which will have a positive impact on the legal culture of society. The author touches upon the problems of the implementation of local self-government in the federal territories and proposes possible ways of improving the legislation. The author also analyzes the American experience of local self-government regulation and approaches to placement of municipal authorities in the federal system.
The formal legal method, being the basic one for legal science, is used to study the essence of local self-government, as an element of a unified system of public authority, and the placement of citizens in this system on the basis of studying and interpreting the norms of domestic legislation. When applying the elements of the comparative legal method, the relation between the approaches to understanding certain issues in Russia and in the United States will be taken into consideration.
TERRITORIAL IDENTITY IN SOCIAL SPACE
Authors: PECHERKINA Irina F. , KOSHKINA Anastasia A. , KHUZIAKHMETOV Roman R.
Published: January 2022

The article examines modern theoretical and empirical problems of territorial identity in rural and urban social space. The relevance of these problems is determined by the fact that application of the theory of social identity can be used as a “heuristic lens” for the study, operationalization and verification of identity formation processes in their interconnection with social changes in socio-cultural and geographical contexts. The article uses identity process theory and social representations research as theoretical basis adopting concepts of “status symbols” and “status value”, various components of which can be operationalized in questions about identity contents, its structure and internal processes, as well as motivational principles that individuals are guided by. The empirical basis is the study of territorial identity in 2006-2021, conducted by a research team of sociologists of University of Tyumen. Evidence of the importance of identity processes in the verbalization of social representations about territory image is obtained from the respondents’ evaluations of the symbols of their settlement, region, country and world as a whole. The analysis of the obtained data on the territorial identity of the Tyumen region, Russia in 2006-2021 shows residents’ attitude to the region. It is revealed that there is a positive dynamics of emotional connection to one’s place of residence, defined as a positive territorial identity («I am glad that I live here»), which appears in an increase in the corresponding share among respondents (from 31% in 2006 to 43% in 2021). The development of regional identity is associated with respondents’ higher professional status, higher social well-being, and relatively higher income. Meanwhile downward trend of territorial identity of the residents of rural areas and smaller cities is detected in their general unwillingness to connect the future of their children with the settlement of their birth and current residence.
Targeting mTOR Signaling in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Complications
Authors: Yang Lin , Zhang Zhixin , Wang Doudou , Jiang Yu , Liu Ying
Published: January 2022

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a pivotal regulator of cell metabolism
and growth. In the form of two different multi-protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, mTOR
integrates cellular energy, nutrient and hormonal signals to regulate cellular metabolic homeostasis.
In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pathological conditions and end-organ complications can
be attributed to aberrant mTOR. Substantial evidence suggests that two mTOR-mediated signaling
schemes, mTORC1-p70S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and mTORC2-protein kinase B (AKT), play a critical
role in insulin sensitivity and that their dysfunction contributes to the development of T2DM. This
review summarizes our current understanding of the role of mTOR signaling in T2DM and its associated
complications, as well as the potential use of mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of T2DM.
Preparation of Tetrasubstituted Bis(3-indolyl)methanes from Indoles and
Acetophenes Using 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimehtylhydantoin as an Efficient
Catalyst
Authors: Zheng Zubiao , Zha Daoxin , Cui Peng , Ye Caixia , Jin Lei , Han Bingbing
Published: January 2022

A new process that could efficiently prepare tetrasubstituted bis(3-indolyl)methanes
from various indoles and acetophenones with 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimehtylhydantoin(DBDMH) as a
catalyst was reported. The effects of catalysts, solvents, and reaction temperature were investigated.
Under the optimal condition, most of the tetrasubstituted bis(3-indolyl)methanes were obtained
in 90–99% yields.
The Catalytic Efficiency of Isosteviol Derived Bifunctional Primary
Amine-Squaramide on Michael Additions of Acetophenone to Nitroalkenes
Authors: Liu Yu-Xia , Ma Zhi-Wei , Wang Chuan-Chuan , Li Qian , Mai Wen-Peng
Published: January 2022

The isosteviol derived bifunctional primary amine-squaramide organocatalysts were
applied in the Michael addition between nitroalkenes and acetophenone. The conjugate addition
isomers of two configurations were observed with high yields (up to 93% yield) and good enantioselectivity
(up to 91% ee) at room temperature.
Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Viral Influenza among Children Hospitalized
in Qazvin Pediatric Hospital in Iran (2015-2020)
Authors: Khamenehpour Khatereh , Mahyar Abolfazl , Bagherabadi Fatemeh , Rouhi Samaneh , Mohammadi Zahrasadat
Published: January 2022

Background:

Children are one of the most important groups at risk of catching an influenza
infection. The consequences of influenza in some children, especially children with chronic
and underlying diseases, can be very severe and lead to hospitalization.

Objective:

The purpose of this research was to determine children with influenza and their clinical
and laboratory findings in Qazvin Children’s Hospital between 2015 to 2020 years.

Methods:

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, epidemiological and clinical findings of children
hospitalized due to confirmed influenza were considered. A total of 1468 children with a suspected
diagnosis of influenza were included in this study. Then, based on the Real-time Polymerase
Chain Reaction (PCR), a total of 229 were confirmed positive for influenza. Statistical analysis
was done using software SPSS 23.0, Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA), and t-test (p≤0.05).

Results:

The results showed that most of the patients (53.7 %) were infected with influenza H1N1
type. Most comorbidities were observed with Central Nervous System (CNS) disease and febrile
seizure (each one 3.10 %). The highest clinical feature was fever (83.4 %). Significant relationship
was observed between the season (p=0.001), soreness in throat (p=0.001), febrile seizure
(p=0.051), muscle and joint pain (p=0.059), rhinorrhea (p=0.006) and shiver (p=0.051), and occurrence
of influenza. Also, 4 children had died from influenza during hospitalization.

Conclusion:

Children with influenza were examined in this study. Influenza has some side effects
on children’s health. Due to the irreversible and dangerous effects of influenza, early diagnosis and
appropriate treatment in children is important.
Atrial Fibrillation and Hypertension: “Quo Vadis”
Authors: Kwon Younghoon , Walker McCall , Patel Paras , Kwon Osung , Koene Ryan J. , Duprez Daniel A.
Published: January 2022

Hypertension is one of the most well-established risk factors for atrial fibrillation. Longstanding
untreated hypertension leads to structural remodeling and electrophysiologic alterations,
causing an atrial myopathy that forms a vulnerable substrate for the development and maintenance
of atrial fibrillation. Hypertension-induced hemodynamic, inflammatory, hormonal, and autonomic
changes all appear to be important contributing factors. Furthermore, hypertension is also associated
with several atrial fibrillation-related comorbidities. As such, hypertension may represent an important
target for therapy in atrial fibrillation. Clinicians should be aware of the pitfalls of blood
pressure measurement in atrial fibrillation. While the auscultatory method is preferred, the use of
automated devices appears to be an acceptable method in the ambulatory setting. There are pathophysiologic
basis and emerging clinical evidence suggesting the benefit of renin-angiotensin system
inhibition in risk reduction of atrial fibrillation development, particularly in patients with left
ventricular hypertrophy or left ventricular dysfunction. A better understanding of hypertension’s
pathophysiologic link to atrial fibrillation may lead to the development of novel therapies for the
primary prevention of atrial fibrillation. Finally, future studies are needed to address the strategies
of optimal blood pressure to minimize the risk of atrial fibrillation-related complications.
Inhibiting the Activity of ABCG2 by KU55933 in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Kun , Chen Yu , Shi Xiao-Bao , Xing Zi-Hao , He Zheng-Jie , Wang Sheng-Te , Li Yan-Chi , Liu Wei-Jing , Zhang Peng-Wei , Yu Ze-Zhong , Mo Xue-Mei , Shi Xing-Yuan , Chen Zhe-Sheng , Shi Zhi
Published: January 2022

Background:

Therapeutic resistance is a frequent problem of cancer treatment and a
leading cause of mortality in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent insight into
the mechanisms that confer multidrug resistance has elucidated that the ATP-binding cassette
(ABC) superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) assists cancer cells in escaping therapeutic stress
caused by toxic chemotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to develop ABCG2 inhibitors.

Objective:

In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of KU55933 on ABCG2 in
CRC.

Methods:

The cytotoxicity assay and drug accumulation assay were used to examine the inhibitory
effect of KU55933 on ABCG2. The protein expressions were detected by Western blot assay. The
docking assay was performed to predict the binding site and intermolecular interactions between
KU55933 and ABCG2.

Results:

KU55933 was more potent than the known ABCG2 inhibitor fumitremorgin C to enhance
the sensitivity of mitoxantrone and doxorubicin and the intracellular accumulation of mitoxantrone,
doxorubicin and rhodamine 123 inside CRC cells with ABCG2 overexpression. Moreover,
KU55933 did not affect the protein level of ABCG2. Furthermore, the docking data showed that
KU55933 was tightly located in the drug-binding pocket of ABCG2.

Conclusion:

KU55933 can potently inhibit the activity of ABCG2 in CRC.
A Comprehensive Study of miRNAs in Parkinson’s Disease: Diagnostics
and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Siddique Yasir Hasan , Owais Saima
Published: January 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most debilitating neurodegenerative movement
disorder. It is characterized by the presence of fibrillar alpha-synuclein amassed in the neurons,
known as Lewy bodies. Certain cellular and molecular events are involved, leading to the degeneration
of dopaminergic neurons. However, the origin and implication of such events are still uncertain.
Nevertheless, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as important biomarkers and therapeutic
molecules is unquestionable. The most challenging task by far in PD treatment has been its late diagnosis
followed by therapeutics. miRNAs are an emerging hope to meet the need of early diagnosis,
thereby promising an improved movement symptom and prolonged life of the patients. The
continuous efforts in discovering the role of miRNAs could be made possible by the utilisation of
various animal models of PD. These models help us understand insights into the mechanism of the
disease. Moreover, miRNAs have been surfaced as therapeutically important molecules with distinct
delivery systems enhancing their success rate. This review aims at providing an outline of different
miRNAs implicated in either PD-associated gene regulation or involved in therapeutics.
effect of net trade cycle, firm size, and networking capital on profitability with cash holdings as intervening variables in cement companies in Indonesia
Authors: Irawan Jaya , Widiyanti Marlina , Fuadah Luk Luk , Isnurhadi Isnurhadi
Published: January 2022

This study aims to examine a model that hypothesizes that the net trade cycle, company size, and net working capital of cement companies in Indonesia impact achieving a return on assets as a proxy for profitability through the company's cash holdings. The sample consists of 45 cement producers in Indonesia that have produced commercially before 2011 and regularly publish company annual reports. The results of the path analysis confirm that the net trade cycle, firm size, and networking capital do not affect the return on assets as a proxy for profitability. Likewise, statistically, it still shows the same results after being mediated with cash holdings. Moreover, found the effect of cash holdings on ROA. These findings can provide a starting point for further research to find a more appropriate formula to increase profitability, especially for companies in the cement sector in Indonesia, where utilization rates tend to be low, and market conditions are becoming very competitive.
Обобщенная нуль-эллипсометрия в схеме "поляризатор-образец-анализатор"
Authors: СопинскиЙ Н.В. , Ольховик Г.П.
Published: January 2022

The null-method in generalized ellipsometry with the use of the compensator-free “polarizer ‒ sample ‒ analyzer” scheme is considered for the case of s- and p-polarized incident light on an anisotropic system. Analytical expressions are given that connect the measured angular value — the analyzer azimuth at the detected radiation intensity minimum — with the (2x2) anisotropic Jones matrix elements. To determine the optical and geometric parameters of the studied anisotropic systems, it is proposed to use this value’s dependence on the sample orientation (azimuth). The method sensitivity is estimated. It was found that it is comparable to the sensitivity of the “polarizer‒compensator‒sample‒analyzer” scheme. A comparative analysis of this method and the known photometric method of generalized ellipsometry in the “polarizer-sample-analyzer” scheme based on measuring the dependence of the reflected light intensity on the sample azimuth at the fixed polarizer and analyzer positions is carried out. It is estimated that, to obtain the same sensitivity of these two methods, the one arc minute error in the proposed method corresponds to the 0.05% relative error in determining the energy reflection coefficient in the photometric method.
Импульсный индукционный CO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--лазер с энергией излучения 1 J и высоким КПД с ВЧ возбуждением
Authors: Ражев А.М. , Каргапольцев Е.С. , Трунов И.А.
Published: January 2022

An efficient pulsed gas-discharge inductive CO2-laser with a radiation energy of 1.05 J has been developed for the first time. In this case, the pulse duration of the laser radiation was about 10 msec. The maximum efficiency of 21.1% was obtained at a radiation energy of 340 mJ. RF current pulses propagated along the inductor conductor and, thus, an inductive discharge was formed to create an inverse population at the infrared (IR) transitions of CO2* molecules. The temporal and energy characteristics of the radiation of the inductive CO2-laser depending on the duration of the pump pulse are investigated. The spatial characteristics and spectrum of the radiation of the developed laser are estimated. The divergence of the laser radiation was 0.52 mrad. The cross-sectional dimension of the laser output beam was about 35 mm in diameter.
Новый оптический метод исследования кислородной активности в текущей жидкости
Authors: Давыдов Р.В. , Логунов С.Э. , Дудкин В.И. , Давыдов В.В.
Published: January 2022

Обоснована необходимость исследования кислородной активности водных сред, находящихся в текущем состоянии для решения различных задач. Установлено, что испускаемые γ-кванты в результате распада ядер 16N c энергией более 9 МeV вызывают образование дополнительных центров окраски и обратимых оптических дефектов в волокне. Их появление приводит к увеличению радиационно-наведенных потерь в оптическом волокне, которые уменьшают мощность лазерного излучения, передаваемого по нему. Разработан новый оптический метод, позволяющий по изменению числа γ-квантов, испущенных ядрами 16N при движении жидкости по трубопроводу, исследовать характер изменения кислородной активности. Впервые исследован характер изменения спектрального распределения количества образовавшихся ядер 16N в результате кислородной активности и определены ее особенности в текущем потоке. Для реализации долговременных по времени исследований кислородной активности предложен способ восстановления оптических свойств волокна в присутствии фонового радиоактивного излучения. Ключевые слова:
Механизм люминесцентного хемосенсорного отклика в хелатах европия(III)
Authors: Петроченкова Н.В. , Емелина Т.Б. , Мирочник А.Г.
Published: January 2022

There were studied the luminescent chemosensory properties of Eu(III) carboxylatodibenzoylmethanates with acetic and acrylic acids while the interaction with ammonia vapors. Quantitative measurements of the optical response showed that with an increase in the analyte concentration in the range of 3-330 ppm, a linear increase in the luminescence intensity of europium(III) is observed. The reversibility of the luminescent response was established, the limit of detection of ammonia was 3 ppm. The mechanism of the optical effect is revealed by the method of quantum chemical modeling: the interaction of ammonia with the sensor leads to the formation of a rigid structural fragment of H2O–NH3, which blocks the quenching effect of high-frequency OH vibrations on luminescence. The studied chemosensors have high sensitivity and selectivity and, thus, can be promising for creating ammonia detection sensors for food safety control and environmental monitoring.
Фотоуправляемые обратимые изменения электронных и колебательных спектров фотохромного диарилэтена в различных наноструктурированных системах
Authors: Василюк Г.Т. , Карпач П.В. , Гоголева С.Д. , Айт А.О. , Барачевский В.А. , Маскевич С.А.
Published: January 2022

An analysis of the results of complex experimental and theoretical studies of photoinduced changes in the spectral properties of photochromic diarylethene in various nanostructured systems is presented. The properties of diarylethene were studied in solutions in the presence of colloidal metal and semiconductor nanoparticles, as well as in the form of solid-phase composite nanostructured core-shell systems based on colloidal nanoparticles with a shell of diarylethene molecules (including in a polymer matrix). A photoinduced reversible change in the electronic and vibrational spectra of diarylethene in various studied matrices was found. The results can be used to create optoelectronic photo-switchable elements for ultra-high-capacity memory devices, photo-controlled molecular switches and sensors.
Исследование особенностей регистрации оптического отклика рентгеновских люминофоров для рентгеновской фотодинамической терапии
Authors: Медведев П.В. , Панкин И.А. , Солдатов М.А. , Положенцев О.Е. , Солдатов А.В.
Published: January 2022

Приведено описание установки для исследования оптического отклика рентгеновских люминофоров, рассматриваемых в качестве составной части композитных материалов для рентгеновской фотодинамической терапии. Представлены концепция и основные принципы рентгеновской фотодинамической терапии. Приведены результаты тестовых испытаний разрабатываемой установки, обсуждены способы оптимизации соотношения сигнал/шум путем варьирования параметров источника рентгеновских лучей и оптимизации геометрии эксперимента. Рассмотрены примеры измерений сигнала люминесценции, возбуждаемой рентгеновским излучением, для концентрированных порошкообразных образцов и разбавленных образцов в форме коллоидных растворов. Ключевые слова: активные формы кислорода, фотосенсибилизатор, перенос энергии.
Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Digital Health Tools Faced by South Asian Canadians in Surrey, British Columbia: Community-Based Participatory Action Exploration Using Photovoice
Authors: Hyman Antonia , Stacy Elizabeth , Mohsin Humaira , Atkinson Kaitlin , Stewart Kurtis , Novak Lauscher Helen , Ho Kendall
Published: January 2022

Background

South Asian community members in Canada experience a higher burden of chronic disease than the general population. Digital health innovations provide a significant opportunity to address various health care challenges such as supporting patients in their disease self-management. However, South Asian community members are less likely to use digital tools for their health and face significant barriers in accessing them because of language or cultural factors.

Objective

The aim of this study is to understand the barriers to and facilitators of digital health tool uptake experienced by South Asian community members residing in Canada.

Methods

This study used a qualitative community-based participatory action research approach. Residents from Surrey, British Columbia, Canada, who spoke 1 of 4 South Asian languages (Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu, or Tamil) were invited to participate in focus group discussions. A subsample of the participants were invited to use photovoice methods in greater depth to explore the research topics.

Results

A total of 197 participants consented to the focus group discussions, with 12 (6.1%) participating in the photovoice phase. The findings revealed several key obstacles (older age, lack of education, and poor digital health literacy) and facilitators (social support from family or community members and positive attitudes toward technology) to using digital health tools.

Conclusions

The results support the value of using a community-based participatory action research approach and photovoice methods to engage the South Asian community in Canada to better understand digital health competencies and needs. There were several important implications for policy makers and future research, such as continued engagement of community leaders by health care providers and administrators to learn about attitudes and preferences.
An Innovative, Paradigm-Shifting Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Glucose Excursions With the Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Educate, Motivate, and Activate Adults With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Oser Tamara K , Cucuzzella Mark , Stasinopoulos Marilyn , Moncrief Matthew , McCall Anthony , Cox Daniel J
Published: January 2022

Background

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing epidemic in the United States, and metabolic control has not been improved over the last 10 years. Glycemic excursion minimization (GEM) is an alternative lifestyle treatment option focused on reducing postnutrient glucose excursions rather than reducing weight. GEM has been proven to be superior to routine care when delivered face to face, and equivalent or superior to conventional weight loss therapy, but it has not been evaluated among patients newly diagnosed with T2D or in a self-administered format.

Objective

This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a self-administered version of GEM, augmented with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), to improve metabolic control (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]) while diminishing or delaying the need for diabetes medications in adults recently diagnosed with T2D. These primary objectives were hypothesized to be achieved by reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing physical activity to diminish CGM glucose excursions, leading to the secondary benefits of an increase in diabetes empowerment and reduced diabetes distress, depressive symptoms, and BMI.

Methods

GEM was self-administered by 17 adults recently diagnosed with T2D (mean age 52 years, SD 11.6 years; mean T2D duration 3.9 months, SD 2.5 months; mean HbA1c levels 8.0%, SD 1.6%; 40% female; 33.3% non-White), with the aid of a 4-chapter pocket guide and diary, automated motivational text messaging, and feedback from an activity monitor, along with CGM and supplies for the 6-week intervention and the 3-month follow-up. Treatment was initiated with one telephone call reviewing the use of the technology and 3 days later with a second call reviewing the use of the GEM pocket guide and intervention.

Results

At 3-month follow-up, 67% of the participants’ diabetes was in remission (HbA1c levels <6.5%), and only one participant started taking diabetes medication. Participants demonstrated a significant reduction in HbA1c levels (–1.8%; P<.001). Participants also experienced significant reductions in high-glycemic-load carbohydrates routinely consumed, CGM readings that were >140 mg/dL, diabetes distress, depressive symptoms, and BMI. Participants felt that use of the CGM was the most significant single element of the intervention.

Conclusions

GEM augmented with CGM feedback may be an effective initial intervention for adults newly diagnosed with T2D. A self-administered version of GEM may provide primary care physicians and patients with a new tool to help people recently diagnosed with T2D achieve remission independent of medication and without weight loss as the primary focus. Future research is needed with a larger and more diverse sample.
Credit and Recognition for Contributions to Data-Sharing Platforms Among Cohort Holders and Platform Developers in Europe: Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: Devriendt Thijs , Borry Pascal , Shabani Mahsa
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

The European Commission is funding projects that aim to establish data-sharing platforms. These platforms are envisioned to enhance and facilitate the international sharing of cohort data. Nevertheless, broad data sharing may be restricted by the lack of adequate recognition for those who share data.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to describe in depth the concerns about acquiring credit for data sharing within epidemiological research.

METHODS

A total of 17 participants linked to European Union–funded data-sharing platforms were recruited for a semistructured interview. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive content analysis.

RESULTS

Interviewees argued that data sharing within international projects could challenge authorship guidelines in multiple ways. Some respondents considered that the acquisition of credit for articles with extensive author lists could be problematic in some instances, such as for junior researchers. In addition, universities may be critical of researchers who share data more often than leading research. Some considered that the evaluation system undervalues data generators and specialists. Respondents generally looked favorably upon alternatives to the current evaluation system to potentially ameliorate these issues.

CONCLUSIONS

The evaluation system might impede data sharing because it mainly focuses on first and last authorship and undervalues the contributor’s work. Further movement of crediting models toward contributorship could potentially address this issue. Appropriate crediting mechanisms that are better aligned with the way science ought to be conducted in the future need to be developed.
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil around Piyungan Landfill, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Muyassar Mufid , Budianta Wawan
Published: January 2022

One of the negative impacts of the landfill as solid waste disposal is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study assessed heavy metals impact, especially Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil in Piyungan landfill, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The assessment was conducted by analyzing 15 soil samples from 25 cm depth in the study area, which was divided into three-zone. The study results showed that generally, the highest content of metals was found in zone II, which is located near or directly situated in a landfill site. The pollution index (PI) calculated showed in order Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn. The result also indicates that Cd has the highest pollution index and even the highest risk compared to Pb, Cu, and Zn. The eco-risk index (RI) calculation showed that the value was 29 to 70 demonstrating a low class. The result also indicates that the accumulation of heavy metals investigated in this study was normal, and that the ecological risk was relatively low.
BIDEN ADMINISTRATION’S TRANSATLANTIC CHALLENGE
Authors: Lisanin Mladen
Published: January 2022

Joseph Biden’s electoral win in November 2020 was widely anticipated as American return to the global stage. In many academic and policy circles, the removal of “isolationist” Donald Trump and important triumph of liberal internationalist Biden was expected to bring about a new chapter in US relations with allies worldwide, leaving behind the awkwardness of previous administration’s reckless political style. However, once the global affairs started unfolding in 2021, Biden Administration’s key international slogan “America is back” also proved to be much more a thing of political style than well-developed substance. This article aims to examine the ways in which the Biden administration’s strategic posture during the first year of the presidency affected transatlantic relations. To that effect, key foreign policy speeches and documents have been analyzed and major international developments tracked. The key finding is that, despite the permissive context shaped by the Trump administration’s disparagement of European allies, the new administration has failed to move forward in terms of strengthening transatlantic ties. This goes to indicate that many of the issues have all along been more structural and had predated Trump’s policies, which means that they will be all the more difficult to overcome.
DEMOKRATSKI PUT INDONEZIJE U XXI VEKU – IZGLEDI I ŠANSE
Authors: Stankovic Marko , Skoric Milica
Published: January 2022

Indonezija je od svog osamostaljenja do danas prešla višedecinijski put neuspešnog usvajanja demokratskih vrednosti. Ovo iziskuje postavljanje pitanja: Koliko je Indonezija danas demokratizovana i šta su prepreke ovog procesa?Kao odgovor u ovom radu ponudićemo geografski položaj koji gotovo da onemogućava izgradnju temelja državnosti,zbogopasnosti koje dolaze od zemalja u susedstvu, kao i opasnosti koje donose protivnici jedinstvene Indonezije. Pored svih političkih i društvenih razlika, religija podstiče i proizvodi razlike koje, možda i najviše utiču na političku i pravnu praksu zemlje. Religija je jedan od glavnih razloga i oslonaca težnji nemuslimanskog dela stanovništa za separatizmom. Iako je država uvela demokratske institucije i izgradila demokratski sistem, isti nije doneo očekivane rezultate, već je produbio razlike i konflikte. Kroz analizu sadržaja i deskripciju političkih i društvenih prilika Indonezije došli smo do zaključka da demokratizacija Indonezije nije uspela i nema izgledne šanse za povoljan rezultat, bar dok se ne reše pitanja verskih i drugih konflikata, separatizma i ekonomskih pritisaka svetskih sila.
BIOMEDICINSKI POTPOMOGNUTO OPLOĐENjE I DEMOGRAFSKA POLITIKA
Authors: Barac Ivana
Published: January 2022

Rad je nastao kao rezultat namere autorke da osvrtom na pozitivne propise Republike Srbije kao i stavove teorije o oblasti biomedicine, izloži potencijalne probleme koji se reflektuju i na demografsku politiku. U uvodnom delu, pažnja je usmerena na reproduktivnu autonomiju, da bi se potom ukazalo na pozitivne propise Republike Srbije koji garantuju pravo na slobodno odlučivanje o rađanju deteta. Nakon toga se sprovodi analiza odredbi Zakona o biomedicinski potpomognutoj oplodnji koje daju odgovor na pitanje ko su korisnici prava na BMPO. Autorka ispituje opravdanost norme zakona kojom se u odnosu na (van)bračne parove kao korisnike prava na BMPO predviđa obaveza sprovođenja procene njihove podobnosti da vrše roditeljsku dužnost, te predlaže izmene kojima bi se problematična odredba zakona potencijalno uredila. Nadalje se obrađuje pitanje celishodnosti norme kojom se ženi koja živi sama priznaje pravo na BMPO, bez obzira na njen (in)fertilitet. Autorka iznosi mišljenje da bi ovakvo pravo ženi trebalo priznati, ali uz odgovarajuće uslove koji bi podrazumevali i potrebu procene najboljeg interesa deteta. Zaključuje se da je Republika Srbija rešavanju problema infertiliteta pristupila na progresivan i tolerantan način što i jeste u duhu progresivne demografske politike naše države. Imajući u vidu postojeće mere populacione politike kao i Strategiju podsticanja rađanja, te izmene zakonskih normi na način koji omogućava efikasnije ostvarivanje prava na BMPO, nesporno se može govoriti o tome da država preduzima odgovarajuće mere u cilju usklađivanja demografske slike stanovništva i ostvarivanja individualnih prava pojedinaca.
POSTKOLONIJALNI SISTEM VLASTI KAO OSNOVA KONFLIKATA U NIGERIJI
Authors: Bursac Boris
Published: January 2022

Nigerija je jedno vrlo kompleksno društvo sa preko 300 različitih etničkih grupacija, oko 500 različitih jezika i ekstremno brzim rastom populacije sa preko 210 miliona stanovnika u 2021. godini. Spajanje ovih različitih grupa i identiteta u jedan zajednički entitet predstavljao je ozbiljan problem još od stvaranja moderne države 1914. godine, koji su kolonijalni vladari uglavnom rešavali silom. Kada detaljnije analiziramo i posmatramo Nigeriju odnono njen postkolonijalni period možemo reći da je u najmanju ruku turbulentan i diskutabilan a uz sve to i prožet problemima etničkih manjina, nejednakih formula raspodele prihoda, asimetričnim državnim strukturama, nedostatakom pravog federalizma, nemogućnosti da se objave tačne brojke popisa stanovništva, etno-religijskim krizama i tako dalje. Ono što zabrinjava jeste da se ovi izazovi ponovo pojavljuju u svakodnevnom životu Nigerijaca kao pretnja postojanju Nigerije. Sve ovo ukazuje na vidljive kompleksnosti i kontradikcije postkolonijalne Nigerije u pet decenija političke nezavisnosti i skoro dve decenije demokratije. Ono što je počelo aneksijom Lagosa i kasnije uništenjem raznih kraljevstava, završilo se stvaranjem jednog novog entiteta koji je obuhvatao više od tri stotine grupa ljudi različitih istorija, kultura i orijentacija koji su skoro u stalnom konfliktu. Cilj ovog rada biće detaljna analiza postkolonijalnog sistema vlasti i njegovog uticaja na pojavu i eskalaciju sukoba i konflikata u Nigeriji.