bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Recoverable and Reusable Catalyst for the Reaction of N‐Tosyl Imines with Pyrrole: Synthesis of meso‐Tetraarylporphyrins.
Authors: Temelli Baris , Ozdemir Saadet Seyma
Published: July 2012

The preparation of meso‐substituted tetraarylporphyrins (III) and (V) is performed by reaction of N‐tosyl imines (I) and (IV) with pyrrole (II) in the presence of metal triflates and clays, thus replacing hazardous, corrosive, and air sensitive catalysts by environmentally friendly catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(3′‐Bromo‐3′‐phenylallyl)indoles via ZnBr2‐Mediated Addition of Bromomethylindoles/Indolylmethylacetates with Phenylacetylene.
Authors: Sureshbabu Radhakrishnan , Mohanakrisnan Arasambattu K.
Published: July 2012

The title compounds are obtained via direct carbon—carbon bond formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Mediated Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Amino Oxindoles by Addition of Methyl and Terminal Alkynes to N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Ketimines.
Authors: Yan Wenjin , Wang Dong , Feng Jingchao , Li Peng , Wang Rui
Published: July 2012

An efficient method to prepare optically active quaternary 3‐amino oxindoles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient, Rapid Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methane Using Ethyl Ammonium Nitrate as an Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Mulla Shafeek A. R. , Sudalai A. , Pathan Mohsinkhan Y. , Siddique Shafi A. , Inamdar Suleman M. , Chavan Santosh S. , Reddy R. Santosh
Published: July 2012

Title compounds are efficiently synthesized by reaction of different indoles with (hetero)aryl and aliphatic aldehydes using an excess of ethyl ammonium nitrate as catalyst and media.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclopentacarbazolones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of Internal Alkynes.
Authors: Sreenivas Devanga K. , Sandhyarani Jatoth , Nagarajan Rajagopal
Published: July 2012

Various target compounds containing the synthetically important cyclopentadienone moiety are available by reaction of 2‐bromo‐3‐formylcarbazoles with aromatic and aliphatic internal alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Oxyalkylation of Vinylarenes Catalyzed by Diatomite‐Supported Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles.
Authors: Sun Huayin , Zhang Yonghui , Guo Fengfeng , Zha Zhenggen , Wang Zhiyong
Published: July 2012

In many cases, the oxyalkylation proceeds with high regioselectivity and sometimes with excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 1H‐Indazoles from Arynes and Hydrazones.
Authors: Li Pan , Wu Chunrui , Zhao Jingjing , Rogness Donald C. , Shi Feng
Published: July 2012

Effective methods to prepare a number of 3‐substituted and 1,3‐disubstituted indazoles are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoles.
Authors: Desai Vidya G. , Satardekar Pooja C. , Polo Sampada , Dhumaskar Kashinath
Published: July 2012

Advantages of the title reaction are the ambient conditions, the short time and the easy work‐up procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient One‐Step Synthesis of cis‐2,4,5‐Triarylimidazolines from Aromatic Aldehydes with Urea.
Authors: Wang Fei , Liao Qian , Xi Chanjuan
Published: July 2012

If the amount of urea is lower or higher than 4 equivalents, the yields decrease.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Exchanged Bentonite: A Reusable Catalysis for the Formation of Alkoxycarbonyl Nitrile Ylides under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Bendedouche Choukri Kamel , Benhaoua Hadj
Published: July 2012

Ethyl diazoacetate reacts as carbene precursor in the presence of copper‐exchanged bentonite.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Protocol for the Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzoxazoles from Phenolic Schiff Bases Promoted by Superoxide.
Authors: Raghuvanshi Raghvendra Singh , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: July 2012

An easy and efficient oxidative cyclization of Schiff bases to 2‐arylbenzoxazoles (II) is described using in situ generated tetraethylammonium superoxide.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Differently Bis‐functionalized Isoxazoles by Cycloaddition of Carbamoylnitrile Oxide with β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Kobiro Kazuya , Hirao Shotaro , Sawayama Jun , Saigo Kazuhiko , Ise Yumiko , Nishizawa Maho , Ariga Masahiro
Published: July 2012

The title reaction allows a new access to bis‐functionalized isoxazoles, which are also available by coupling with 1,3‐diketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 2‐Aza‐1,3,5‐trienes with Superbases: Competition Between Formation of Thiazoles and Azepines.
Authors: Nedolya N. A. , Tarasova O. A. , Volostnykh O. G. , Albanov A. I. , Trofimov B. A.
Published: July 2012

Title compound (V), synthesized from methoxyallene (I), isothiocyanate (II), and allyl bromide (III), unexpectedly affords thiazole (VII) along with azepine (VIII) on treatment with tBuOK.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Allene Triazole Through Iron Catalyzed Regioselective Addition to Propargyl Alcohols.
Authors: Yan Wuming , Ye Xiaohan , Weise Keith , Petersen Jeffrey L. , Shi Xiaodong
Published: July 2012

Allene triazole derivatives (III), (VI)/(VII), (IX) and (XI) are prepared for the first time through iron‐catalyzed regioselective triazole addition to tertiary propargyl alcohols (I), (IV), (VIII) and (X), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Reusable Polymer‐Supported 2,2′‐Biarylpyridine—Copper Complexes for Huisgen [3 + 2] Cycloaddition in Water.
Authors: Suzuka Toshimasa , Kawahara Yamato , Ooshiro Kazumasa , Nagamine Takuya , Ogihara Kazuhito , Higa Matsutake
Published: July 2012

The title complex promotes the cycloaddition of azides (II) with terminal and internal alkynes (I) in water to give the triazole derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted N2‐Alkyl/Aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles via 4‐Bromo‐5‐iodo‐1,2,3‐triazole.
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Zhibin , Wang Xiao‐jun , Yee Nathan , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: July 2012

Reaction conditions are detailed for the selective synthesis of main products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of δ‐Lactones with Lipase‐Catalyzed Resolution and Mitsunobu Reaction.
Authors: Shimotori Yasutaka , Aoyama Masakazu , Miyakoshi Tetsuo
Published: July 2012

Derivative (R)‐(I) can easily be converted into lactone (S)‐(IV) by means of Mitsunobu reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered 2,3‐Dioxoheterocycles. Part 84. [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of Styrene to 4,5‐Diaroyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,3‐diones. Crystal and Molecular Structures of 7a‐(2,5‐Dimethylbenzoyl)‐4‐(2,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐1‐ (4‐methoxyphenyl)‐6‐phenyl‐7,7a‐dihydropyrano [4,3‐b]pyrrole‐2,3(1H,6H)‐dione.
Authors: Silaichev P. S. , Kudrevatykh N. V. , Aliev Z. G. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: July 2012

The influence of an aroyl fragment at the 5‐position of pyrrolediones on the cycloaddition is studied by reaction of (V) and (VIII) with styrene (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Green Method for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Chromene Derivatives in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Zhang Mei‐Mei , Wu Jian‐Rong , Zhou Jie , Wang Xiang‐Shan
Published: July 2012

Benzo[c]chromene‐tricarbonitrile (IV) and dicarbonitrile (VI) derivatives are obtained in a one‐pot, three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile (III), and 2‐(2,3‐dihydrochromen‐4‐ylidene)malononitrile (I) in ionic liquids.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Bis‐iminocoumarins.
Authors: Ammar H. , Abid S. , Le Bigot Y. , El Gharbi R.
Published: July 2012

If alkylene bromides are used instead of acid chlorides, the oxygen‐containing ring of the starting material (I) is opened.
ChemInform Abstract: Relay Catalysis: Combined Metal Catalyzed Oxidation and Asymmetric Iminium Catalysis for the Synthesis of Bi‐ and Tricyclic Chromenes.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Dufour Jeremy , Maji Modhu Sudan
Published: July 2012

A catalytic asymmetric oxidative iminium—allenamine cascade reaction of propargyl alcohols provides access to chiral bicyclic 4H‐chromenes under mild conditions in good yields and with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 9‐Substituted Xanthenes by the Condensation of Arynes with ortho‐Hydroxychalcones.
Authors: Lu Chun , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Larock Richard C.
Published: July 2012

The novel coupling procedure between equimolar amounts of substrates allows the synthesis of various title compounds in a facile one‐step process under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 2‐Arylthiochroman‐4‐ones by the Reaction of 3‐Aryl‐1‐(2‐halophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones with Sodium Hydrogensulfide.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Akihiro , Tanmatsu Miyuki
Published: July 2012

Thioflavanones (IV) are accessible via a two‐step sequence from readily available (halophenyl)ethanones (I) and aromatic aldehydes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Condensation of Methyl Pyridinium and Quinolinium Salts with Aldehydes Catalyzed by DBU.
Authors: Seiad Linda Loucif , Villemin Didier , Bar Nathalie , Hachemi Messaoud
Published: July 2012

All products are purified by recrystallization and the DBU catalyst can be recycled several times.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Olefin Diamination for the Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Aminopiperidines.
Authors: Kong Aidi , Blakey Simon B.
Published: July 2012

A general protocol for the oxidative cyclization of 5‐aminopent‐1‐enes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 2‐(1‐Alkylpiperidin‐4‐yl)‐N‐ [(1R)‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐methylpropyl]acetamide Derivatives as Novel Antihypertensive Agents.
Authors: Watanuki Susumu , Matsuura Keisuke , Tomura Yuichi , Okada Minoru , Okazaki Toshio , Ohta Mitsuaki , Tsukamoto Shin‐ichi
Published: July 2012

Title compound (Ic) shows potent and specific inhibition of T‐type Ca2+ channels and exerts an antihypertensive effect without associated reflex tachycardia when orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats.
ChemInform Abstract: InCl3‐Driven Regioselective Synthesis of Functionalized/Annulated Quinones: Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Chanda Tanmoy , Verma Rajiv Kumar , Singh Maya Shankar
Published: July 2012

A mild and highly regioselective method for the synthesis of various quinoline derivatives from readily available starting materials is described without the use of hazardous reagents and harsh conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Assembly of Functionalized Tetrahydroquinolines with Creation of an All‐Carbon Quaternary Center.
Authors: Tan Hao Rui , Ng Hui Fen , Chang Jun , Wang Jian
Published: July 2012

Optically pure tetrahydroquinolines are efficiently synthesized by the Mannich—Michael cascade process in the presence of an indan amine‐thiourea catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: New Route to Novel Polysubstituted Quinolines Starting with Eugenol, the Main Constituent of Ocimum sanctum L. Oil.
Authors: Dinh Nguyen Huu , Co LeVan , Tuan Nguyen Manh , Hai Le Thi Hong , Van Meervelt Luc
Published: July 2012

A simple method for the synthesis of title compound (II) from eugenol via the known quinone‐aci compound (I) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 2,4‐Diarylquinolines via Fe(III) Trifluoroacetate Catalyzed Three‐Component Reactions under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Min , Wang Ting , Xiong Biao , Yan Fengxia , Wang Xiaoting , Ding Yuqiang , Song Qijun
Published: July 2012

The Fe(III)‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of arylamines (I), aryl aldehydes (II) and arylacetylenes (III) affords 2,4‐diarylquinolines (IV) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered 2,3‐Dioxoheterocycles. Part 83. Synthesis and Thermolysis of 1‐Aryl‐4,5‐diaroyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,3‐diones.
Authors: Silaichev P. S. , Kudrevatykh N. V. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: July 2012

Reacting enamines (III) and (VII) with oxalyl chloride (IV) gives rise to pyrroledione derivatives (V) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Oxazole‐Based PDE4 Inhibitors with Picomolar Potency.
Authors: Kuang Rongze , et al. et al.
Published: July 2012

A series of quinolyloxazoles with 4‐benzylcarboxamide and 5‐α‐aminoethyl groups, which show picomolar potency against PDE4, is discovered.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7‐Hydroxy‐6‐alkoxy Derivatives of 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinoline by Ritter Reaction.
Authors: Shklyaev Yu. V. , Vshivkova T. S. , Maiorova O. A. , Gorbunov A. A.
Published: July 2012

The Ritter heterocyclization of alcohols (I) with nitriles (II) and (V) leads to corresponding 3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline (III) and (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 7H‐Naphtho[1,8‐gh]quinolin‐7‐one.
Authors: Sawada Tadanobu , Ishii Hiroyuki , Aoyama Yoshitomo , Ueda Toyotoshi , Aoki Junji , Takekawa Minoru
Published: July 2012

Compound (III) is purified by double recrystallization from glacial acetic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic N‐Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 74. Rearrangement Reaction of 5‐Amino‐1,2‐dihydrofuro[2,3‐c]isoquinolines with α,ω‐Dibromoalkanes and Evaluation of Product Bronchodilator Activity.
Authors: Okuda Kensuke , Yoshida Masahiko , Hirota Takashi , Sasaki Kenji
Published: July 2012

All products are tested for their bronchodilator activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromodimethylsulfonium Bromide (BDMS) Catalyzed Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Derivatives and Their Fluorescence Properties.
Authors: Khan Abu T. , Basha R. Sidick , Lal Mohan
Published: July 2012

Mild conditions allow the synthesis of various target compounds via three‐component Ugi reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 9,11‐Diamino‐12H‐benzo[5,6]chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐10‐carbonitriles (III)
Authors: Osyanin V. A. , Osipov D. V. , Klimochkin Yu. N.
Published: July 2012

via a pseudo‐three‐component reaction of Mannich bases (I) with malononitrile
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Regioselective Sonochemical Synthesis of Novel 4‐Aryl‐3‐methyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐6(7H)‐ones.
Authors: Roshan Abbas Azimi , Mamaghani Manouchehr , Mahmoodi Nosrat Ollah , Shirini Farhad
Published: July 2012

A simple ultrasound‐assisted three‐component reaction of allows the rapid synthesis of the title compounds in one pot.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 4‐Iminothiazolidin‐2‐one with Acetylacetone.
Authors: Chaban T. I. , Zimenkovskii B. S. , Komaritsa I. D. , Chaban I. G.
Published: July 2012

4‐Iminothiazolidin‐2‐one (I) is a convenient starting compound for the preparation of thiazolo[4,5‐b]pyridine derivatives (III), (VI), (VIII), and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Easy Synthesis of Novel 4‐Azolylpyridazin‐3‐ones.
Authors: Geraschenko Oleksandr V. , Khodakovskiy Pavel V. , Shivanyuk Oleksandr N. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Mykhailiuk Pavel K. , Tolmachev Andrey A.
Published: July 2012

A convenient two‐step practical synthesis of the potential pharmacophores starts from easily accessible azolylpyruvates and acetone.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Cyclization of 1,2‐Diamino‐4‐phenylimidazole with Aromatic Aldehydes and Cyclohexanediones.
Authors: Lipson V. V. , Svetlichnaya N. V. , Shirobokov M. G. , Musatov V. I. , Shishkin O. V. , Shishkina S. V.
Published: July 2012

The three‐component condensation of imidazole (I) with aromatic aldehydes (II) and cyclohexanediones (III) and (V) occurs regioselectively to afford an azoloazine system of only one type.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Hepatitis C Virus Replicon Inhibitors: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of Fused Pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Krueger A. Chris , et al. et al.
Published: July 2012

The synthesis of various pyridopyrimidine derivatives (X) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Convenient Approach for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,4(1H,3H)‐Quinazolinediones.
Authors: Sharafi‐Kolkeshvandi Mahnaz , Nikpour Farzad
Published: July 2012

The reaction of anthranilic acids with potassium cyanate offers a simple method for the synthesis of the desired heterocyclic scaffolds as intermediates in biologically important systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Sulfanylation of 4‐Quinazolinone via C—OH Bond Activation: An Efficient Route to 2‐Aryl‐4‐sulfanylquinazolines.
Authors: Peng Yiyuan , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Yang Qin , Yuan Jianjun , Deng Zhihong
Published: July 2012

The direct sulfanylation of the substrates is achieved by in situ activation of the C‐OH bond with TosCl and subsequent reaction with aromatic or aliphatic thiols.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to N1‐Substituted Uracil Derivatives Using Hypervalent Iodine.
Authors: Yoshimura Yuichi , Kan‐no Hiroya , Kiran Y. B. , Natori Yoshihiro , Saito Yukako , Takahata Hiroki
Published: July 2012

Oxidative coupling of persilylated uracil with allylsilane or dihydropyran is performed in the presence of PhI(OAc)2 and TmsOTf to give N‐substituted derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Inhibitory Activities of 8‐(Substituted styrolformamido)phenyl‐xanthine Derivatives on Monoamine Oxidase B.
Authors: Ye Faqing , et al. et al.
Published: July 2012

Compound (Ib) exhibits remarkable MAO‐B inhibition activity and excellent selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Novel 2‐Substituted Imidazopyrazinone Derivatives.
Authors: Zhu Yanyun , Song Gonghua , Lu Peng , Zhu Mingjie , Chen Yilang
Published: July 2012

A facile protocol for the synthesis of the target products by Buchwald—Hartwig coupling [→(V)] or electrophilic substitution [→(VIII)] is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycerin and CeCl3·7H2O: A New and Efficient Recyclable Reaction Medium for the Synthesis of Quinoxalines.
Authors: Narsaiah A. Venkat , Kumar J. Kranthi
Published: July 2012

The reaction medium can be recovered and reused several times.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Quinoxaline Derivatives.
Authors: Laskina O. B. , Mel'nikova S. F. , Tselinskii I. V.
Published: July 2012

Several novel quinoxaline derivatives, e.g. compounds (II), (III), and (VI), are prepared starting from known nitrile (I) or amidoxime (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Some New Phthalazinylpiperazine Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Yajing , Zhang Shulan , Li Ye , Wang Jianqiang , Song Yu , Gong Ping
Published: July 2012

Among a variety of 18 phthalazinylpiperazine derivatives, e.g. (I) and (II), the pyridinyl derivatives (I) and especially derivative (Ia) possess excellent cytotoxic activity against A549, HT‐29 and MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of Benzoxazines. Part 16. Synthesis and Reactivity of 2,4‐Substituted 4H‐3,1‐Benzoxazines.
Authors: Gromachevskaya E. V. , Kul'nevich V. G. , Kosulina T. P.
Published: July 2012

Title compounds (IV) are synthesized starting from carbinols (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Expedient Method for the Stepwise Synthesis of 2‐Ethoxy‐(4H)‐3,1‐benzoxazine‐4‐ones.
Authors: Bahmani Asrin , Sharafi‐Kolkeshvandi Mahnaz , Nikpour Farzad
Published: July 2012

Coupling of anthranilic acids with diethyl dicarbonate followed by dehydrative cyclization of the resulting carbamates constitutes an efficient synthesis of the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclothiomethylation of Heterochain α,ω‐Diamines with Formaldehyde and H2S.
Authors: Akhmetova V. R. , Rakhimova E. B. , Minnebaev A. B. , Kunakova R. V. , Galimzyanova N. F.
Published: July 2012

A variety of new α,ω‐bis/(1,3,5‐dithiazinane) derivatives (III) are synthesized by cyclothiomethylation of corresponding α,ω‐diamines (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective C‐Acylation of 2‐Aminoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine: Application to the Synthesis of Imidazopyridine‐Fused [1,3]Diazepinones.
Authors: Masurier Nicolas , Aruta Roberta , Gaumet Vincent , Denoyelle Severine , Moreau Emmanuel , Lisowski Vincent , Martinez Jean , Maillard Ludovic T.
Published: July 2012

Some new optically pure title compounds such as (VIII) and (XII) are prepared via selective C‐3 acylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon—Boron Bond Cross‐Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by ‐PPh2 Containing Palladium—Indolylphosphine Complexes.
Authors: Chow Wing Kin , Yuen On Ying , So Chau Ming , Wong Wing Tak , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: July 2012

The combination Pd2(dba)3/PAP promotes the reaction of the boronate (II) with a wide range of aryl chlorides as well as vinyl chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl Triolborates via Nickel‐Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Halides with 5‐(tert‐Butyldimethylsiloxymethyl)‐5‐methyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborinane.
Authors: Sogabe Yosuke , Namikoshi Takeshi , Watanabe Shinji , Murata Miki
Published: July 2012

Reaction of the mono‐Tbs protected triol (I) with borane dimethylsulfide generates the title compound which readily undergoes Ni‐catalyzed borylation with various aryl iodides and bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Silyloxy Dienes by Silylene Transfer to Divinyl Ketones: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Substituted Cyclohexanes.
Authors: Ventocilla Christian C. , Woerpel K. A.
Published: July 2012

The Ag‐catalyzed treatment of divinyl ketones with the silicon compound (II) results in formation of regioisomeric silyloxy dienes whose ratio is dependent on the structure of the divinyl ketone.
ChemInform Abstract: A Lewis Acid Promoted Reduction of Acylsilanes to α‐Hydroxysilanes by Diethylzinc.
Authors: Gao Guang , Bai Xing‐Feng , Li Fei , Zheng Long‐Sheng , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Jiang Kezhi , Li Fuwei , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: July 2012

Titanium(IV) isopropanolate is an efficient promotor in the preparation process of the synthetically important title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Enhanced Synthesis of Phosphonoacetamides.
Authors: Gruber Nadia , Mollo Maria C. , Zani Mariana , Orelli Liliana R.
Published: July 2012

Chloroacetamides are significantly less reactive than bromoacetamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Special Features of Reaction of 2‐(5‐Methyl‐2‐phenyl‐2H‐1,2,3‐diazaphosphol‐4‐yl)‐4H‐benzo [d]‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphorin‐4‐one with Diethyl Mesoxalate.
Authors: Mironov V. F. , Ivkova G. A. , Abdrakhmanova L. M. , Burnaeva L. M. , Musin R. Z. , Kharlamov S. V. , Konovalova I. V.
Published: July 2012

The reaction proceeds with excellent regioselectivity by ring expansion at the lactone functionality to give a dioxaphosphepinedione derivative (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Enlargement versus Selenoetherification on the Reaction of Allenyl Oxindoles with Selenenylating Reagents.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Luna Amparo , Gomez‐Campillos Gonzalo , Torres M. Rosario
Published: July 2012

Treatment of the allenyl oxindoles (I) with phenylselenium compounds results in formation of spirocyclic selenolactams and/or unexpected ring enlargement products like (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Method to Prepare Bis‐phenylchalcogen Alkenes via Addition of Chalcogenolate to Phenylseleno Alkynes.
Authors: Perin Gelson , Borges Elton L. , Alves Diego
Published: July 2012

A new method is presented which uses nucleophilic species of chalcogenium anions, generated in situ from diphenylchalcogenides with NaBH4, to yield (Z)‐1,2‐bis‐phenylchalcogen alkenes stereoselectively.Only in the case of the terminal alkyne (IX), a trisubstituted product (XI) is formed as main component.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid/PPh3 Promoted Cleavage of Diphenyl Disulfide and Diselenide: A Straight‐Forward Metal‐Free One‐Pot Route to the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Sulfides and Selenides.
Authors: Banerjee Subhash , Adak Laksmikanta , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: July 2012

Selenate and thiolate anions, generated in situ, react with halides and activated alkenes to give the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Route to the Synthesis of Chalcogenolanes, Chalcogenanes, and 1,2‐Dichalcogenaepanes.
Authors: Levanova E. P. , Grabel'nykh V. A. , Elaev A. V. , Russavskaya N. V. , Klyba L. V. , Albanov A. I. , Korchevin N. A.
Published: July 2012

Title compounds (II), (III) and (IV) are prepared by reaction of dibromoalkanes (I) with potassium chalcogenides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Pyrazolinyl Chlorins Related to Chlorophyll by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction from Methyl Pheophorbide‐a
Authors: Wang Jin‐Jun , Liu Chun‐Lin , Li Jia‐Zhu
Published: July 2012

8 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Diverse Reactivities of Corey—Chaykovsky Ylides: Synthesis of 10‐Hydroxyaplysin.
Authors: Roy Amalesh , Venkateswaran Ramanathapuram V.
Published: July 2012

Starting material (I) is prepared accordingly to already published procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of (‐)‐Paeonilide (VII)
Authors: Harrar Klaus , Reiser Oliver
Published: July 2012

involving an asymmetric cyclopropanation‐lactonization cascade as the key step
ChemInform Abstract: Twelve Novel and Diverse 16‐Norphragmalin‐Type Limonoids from Chukrasia tabularis var. velutina.
Authors: Luo Jun , Li Yi , Wang Jun‐Song , Lu Juan , Wang Xiao‐Bing , Luo Jian‐Guang , Kong Ling‐Yi
Published: July 2012

Isolation, structural elucidation and antiinflammatory activity of novel 16‐norphragmalin‐type limonoids, chuktabrins C‐J [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Constituents from the Roots of Taraxacum platycarpum and Their Effect on Proliferation of Human Skin Fibroblasts.
Authors: Warashina Tsutomu , Umehara Kaoru , Miyase Toshio
Published: July 2012

A variety of triterpenes, sesquiterpene glycosides and a phenylpropyl glycoside, including eight new triterpenes such as (I)—(V) and sequiterpene glycoside (VI) are isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Labdane‐Type Diterpenoids from the Rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide‐Stimulated Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Bone Marrow‐Derived Dendritic Cells.
Authors: Kim Young Ho , et al. et al.
Published: July 2012

Two new ladbanes, hedycoronens A (Ia) and B (Ib), are isolated together with four known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Six New Secoiridoids from the Dried Fruits of Ligustrum lucidum.
Authors: Aoki Syota , Honda Yurika , Kikuchi Tomoyuki , Miura Takumi , Sugawara Ryo , Yaoita Yasunori , Kikuchi Masao , Machida Koichi
Published: July 2012

Six new secoiridoids, named isoligustrosidic acid (I), 6′‐O‐trans‐cinnamoyl‐ 8‐epikingisidic acid (IIa), 6′‐O‐cis‐cinnamoyl‐8‐epikingisidic acid (IIb), oleopolynuzhenide A, nuzhenal A (III) and nuzhenal B (IV) are isolated and their structures are established.
ChemInform Abstract: Sesquiterpenes and Other Constituents from Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum.
Authors: Shin Hyun Jung , Lee So Young , Kim Ju Sun , Lee Sanghyun , Choi Ran Joo , Chung Ha Sook , Kim Yeong Shik , Kang Sam Sik
Published: July 2012

Six new germacranolides, namely zawadskinolides A ‐ F (I) ‐ (IV) and a new eudesmane glucoside, namely chrysantiloboside (V) are isolated and their structure elucidated.
ChemInform Abstract: Sesquiterpenes from an Egyptian Herbal Medicine, Pulicaria undulate, with Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells.
Authors: Hegazy Mohamed‐Elamir F. , Matsuda Hisashi , Nakamura Seikou , Yabe Mikuko , Matsumoto Tomoko , Yoshikawa Masayuki
Published: July 2012

The new isolated compounds 5α‐hydroperoxyivalin (I), 8‐epi‐xanthanol (II) and 8‐epi‐isoxanthanol (III) exhibit only moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
ChemInform Abstract: New Cholestane Glycosides from the Leaves of Cordyline terminalis
Authors: Yokosuka Akihito , Suzuki Takeyuki , Mimaki Yoshihiro
Published: July 2012

structure elucidation and cytotoxic activity of new cholestane glycosides (I)—(III) to HL‐60 cells
ChemInform Abstract: New Chiral Aminoamidoximes: Syntheses and Investigation of Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Tka Najeh , Ben Hassine Bechir
Published: July 2012

Compounds (III) and (V) can be treated with α‐bromoacid chlorides and aldehydes to undergo intermolecular cyclizations through oxygen and nitrogen at low and high temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiol‐Containing Amino Acids Through Alkylation of Glycinate Ketimine.
Authors: Zhi Jian , Xiao Yuli , Hu Aiguo
Published: July 2012

Compounds (IV) are obtained without any further purification.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Analogues of Makaluvamine A.
Authors: Boucle Sebastien , Guillard Jerome
Published: July 2012

An efficient synthesis of a makaluvamine A analogue (IX) as well as its N‐Fmoc (VIII) and N‐Ac derivatives is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Rupestines F—M, New Guaipyridine Sesquiterpene Alkaloids from Artemisia rupestris.
Authors: He Fei , Nugroho Alfarius Eko , Wong Chin Piow , Hirasawa Yusuke , Shirota Osamu , Morita Hiroshi , Aisa Haji Akber
Published: July 2012

Eight new guaipyridine sesquiterpene alkaloids, rupestines F‐M, are isolated and their structures and absolute configurations are elucidated.
ChemInform Abstract: New Tricyclic Alkaloids, Cassiarins G, H, J, and K from Leaves of Cassia siamea.
Authors: Deguchi Jun , Hirahara Tomoe , Hirasawa Yusuke , Ekasari Wiwied , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Shirota Osamu , Shiro Motoo , Morita Hiroshi
Published: July 2012

Four new alkaloids, cassiarin G (I), H (II), J (III) and K (IV), are isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Aza‐Analogues of Tiazofurin with 2‐[5,5‐Bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin‐2‐yl] Framework as Sugar Mimic.
Authors: Mironiuk‐Puchalska Ewa , Koszytkowska‐Stawinska Mariola , Sas Wojciech , De Clercq Erik , Naesens Lieve
Published: July 2012

No antiviral activity or cytotoxic effects are detected for the novel tiazofurin aza‐analogue (XI) as well as its hydrazide and hydroxylamide analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2′‐Substituted Inosine Analogues via Unusual Masking of the 6‐Hydroxyl Group.
Authors: Casu Fabio , Harston Rebecca K. , Chiacchio Maria A. , Gumina Giuseppe
Published: July 2012

2′‐Modified inosine analogues (V) and (X) are synthesized from 6‐chloropurine riboside (I) via 6‐(dimethylamino)purine (IV) or 6‐(benzyloxy)purine (VIII) intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiviral Activity of a New Flavone Glycoside from Emilia sonchifolia DC.
Authors: Yadava R. N. , Raj Mamta
Published: July 2012

The new flavone glycoside (I) shows antiviral activity against Japanese encephalitis virus.
ChemInform Abstract: Halenaquinone Derivatives from Tropical Marine Sponge Xestospongia sp.
Authors: Lee Yeon‐Ju , Kim Chang‐Kwon , Park Song‐Kyu , Kang Jong‐Soon , Lee Jong Seok , Shin Hee Jae , Lee Hyi‐Seung
Published: July 2012

The new halenaquinone derivative (I) is isolated from the extract of the Micronesian marine sponge of the genus Xestospongia along with seven known related polyketides.
ChemInform Abstract: Acaricidal Activity of DHEMH, Derived from Patchouli Oil, Against House Dust Mite, Dermatophagoides farinae.
Authors: Wu Hai‐Qiang , Li Li , Li Jing , He Zhen‐Dan , Liu Zhi‐Gang , Zeng Qing‐Qian , Wang Yu‐Sheng
Published: July 2012

New compound (I) is isolated together with 15 known compounds from patchouli oil.
ChemInform Abstract: New Flavan (I) and Benzil (II) Isolated from Fissistigma latifolium.
Authors: Lan Yu‐Hsuan , Peng Yi‐Ting , Thang Tran‐Dinh , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Dai Do‐Ngoc , Leu Yann‐Lii , Lai Wan‐Chun , Wu Yang‐Chang
Published: July 2012

The new flavan shows significant antiinflammatory activities and inhibits the superoxide anion generation by fMLP/CB‐induced human neutrophils.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Properties Correlations in Fe Chalcogenide Superconductors
Authors: Malavasi Lorenzo , Margadonna Serena
Published: July 2012

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Semiconductor Nanowire Fabrication by Bottom‐Up and Top‐Down Paradigms
Authors: Hobbs Richard G. , Petkov Nikolay , Holmes Justin D.
Published: July 2012

Review: 231 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetoelectric Effects in Nanocomposites
Authors: Petrov V. M. , Bichurin M. I.
Published: July 2012

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrite‐Piezoelectric Composites at Ferromagnetic Resonance Range and Magnetoelectric Microwave Devices
Authors: Srinivasan G. , Bichurin M. I.
Published: July 2012

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis Science of Bulk Mixed Oxides
Authors: Wachs Israel E. , Routray Kamalakanta
Published: July 2012

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Alkynyl Gold(I) Complexes: Structures, Properties and Applications
Authors: Rodriguez Laura , Lima Joao Carlos
Published: July 2012

Review: 151 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfur‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Pd(II): Syntheses, Structures and Catalytic Activities
Authors: Yuan Dan , Huynh Han Vinh
Published: July 2012

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allenes in Molecular Materials
Authors: Rivera‐Fuentes Pablo , Diederich Francois
Published: July 2012

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Fascinating Journey into History: Exploration of the World of Isonitriles en Route to Complex Amides
Authors: Wilson Rebecca M. , Stockdill Jennifer L. , Wu Xiangyang , Li Xuechen , Vadola Paul A. , Park Peter K. , Wang Ping , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: July 2012

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Bulky Palladium NHC Complexes for the Most‐Challenging Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Valente Cory , Calimsiz Selcuk , Hoi Ka Hou , Mallik Debasis , Sayah Mahmoud , Organ Michael G.
Published: July 2012

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dibenzo[b,f]oxepin‐10(11H)‐one and Dibenzo[b,f]thiepin‐10(11H)‐one as Useful Synthons in the Synthesis of Various Dibenzo[e,h]azulenes
Authors: Pesic Dijana , Landek Ivana Ozimec , Rupcic Renata , Modric Marina , Dzapo Iva , Trojko Rudolf , Mercep Mladen , Mesic Milan
Published: July 2012

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The New Age of Electrophilic Perfluoroalkylation Reactions
Authors: Mace Yohan , Magnier Emmanuel
Published: July 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Heterocycles Using Molecular Iodine
Authors: Parvatkar Prakash T. , Parameswaran Perunninakulath S. , Tilve Santosh G.
Published: July 2012

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ether‐ and Alcohol‐Functionalized Task‐Specific Ionic Liquids: Attractive Properties and Applications
Authors: Tang Shaokun , Baker Gary A. , Zhao Hua
Published: July 2012

Review: 406 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Modifications and Surfaces for Catalytic Organic Transformations
Authors: Schaetz Alexander , Zeltner Martin , Stark Wendelin J.
Published: July 2012

Review: 212 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Molecule, Single‐Particle Approaches for Exploring the Structure and Kinetics of Nanocatalysts
Authors: Tachikawa Takashi , Majima Tetsuro
Published: July 2012

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Protein Molecular Structures: Implications for Functions
Authors: Chattopadhyay Kausik
Published: July 2012

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modifications on the Basic Skeletons of Vinblastine and Vincristine
Authors: Keglevich Peter , Hazai Laszlo , Kalaus Gyorgy , Szantay Csaba
Published: July 2012

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Key Achievements in the Total Synthesis of Vibsane‐type Diterpenoids
Authors: Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Williams Craig M.
Published: July 2012

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis‐enaminones as Versatile Precursors for Terheterocycles. Synthesis and Reactions
Authors: Shawali Ahmad Sami
Published: July 2012

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Azacycloalkanes and Azacyclophanes
Authors: Bianchi Antonio , Garcia‐Espana Enrique
Published: July 2012

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Bronsted Acid Cooperative Catalysis as a Powerful Tool in Organic Synthesis
Authors: De Vreese Rob , D'hooghe Matthias
Published: July 2012

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Based on Isatin Through 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Lashgari Negar , Mohammadi Ziarani Ghodsi
Published: July 2012

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Bioactivity of Secondary Metabolites from Marine Sponges Containing Dibrominated Indolic Systems
Authors: Mollica Adriano , Locatelli Marcello , Stefanucci Azzurra , Pinnen Francesco
Published: July 2012

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Functionalized Phenols by Regioselective [3 + 3] Cyclocondensations of 1,3‐Bis(silyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes with 3‐Alkoxy‐2‐en‐1‐ones and Related Substrates
Authors: Karapetyan Gnuni , Dang Tuan T. , Sher Muhammad , Ghochikyan Tariel V. , Saghyan Ashot , Langer Peter
Published: July 2012

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dienones and Enynones in the Synthesis of Drugs and Their Intermediates
Authors: Tandon Vishnu K. , Singh Kunwar A.
Published: July 2012

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembling Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines for Photoinduced Charge Separation and Charge Transport
Authors: Imahori Hiroshi , Umeyama Tomokazu , Kurotobi Kei , Takano Yuta
Published: July 2012

Review: [135 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Porphyrins for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: New Insights into Efficiency‐Determining Electron Transfer Steps
Authors: Mozer Attila J. , et al. et al.
Published: July 2012

Review: [100 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: DNA Architectonics: Towards the Next Generation of Bioinspired Materials
Authors: Stulz Eugen
Published: July 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological and Biochemical Aspects of Selenium Compounds
Authors: Bhuyan Bhaskar J. , Mugesh Govindasamy
Published: July 2012

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Switches as Photocontrollable “Smart” Receptors
Authors: Natali Manuel , Giordani Silvia
Published: July 2012

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Topical Gels
Authors: Kaur Loveleen Preet , Garg Rajeev , Gupta G. D.
Published: July 2012

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Insoluble Drug Delivery Technology
Authors: Patel Dipen , Prajapati S. T. , Patel C. N. , Patel Jatin , Savan Vachhani
Published: July 2012

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Pharmaceutical Excipients in Solid Dosage Forms
Authors: Patel Hardik , Shah Viral , Upadhyay Umesh
Published: July 2012

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Promising Novel Approach for Improving the Solubility of Poorly Soluble Drugs
Authors: Kushwaha Anjali
Published: July 2012

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applicability of Solventless and Solid‐State Reactions to the Meteoritic Chemistry
Authors: Kolb Vera M.
Published: July 2012

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Intelligent Engineering of SOFC Electrodes: Advanced Microstructural Characterization Techniques
Authors: Shearing P. R. , Brett D. J. L. , Brandon N. P.
Published: July 2012

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advancements in Solid Acid Catalysts for Ecofriendly and Economically Viable Synthesis of Biodiesel
Authors: Sharma Yogesh C. , Singh Bhaskar , Korstad John
Published: July 2012

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Holy Grail of Carbon Combustion: The Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology
Authors: Badwal S. P. S. , Giddey S.
Published: July 2012

Review: 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Looping and Oxygen Permeable Ceramic Membranes for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Thursfield Alan , Murugan Arul , Franca Rafael , Metcalfe Ian S.
Published: July 2012

Review: 233 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodextrins: From Nature to Nanotechnology
Authors: Lincoln Stephen F. , Pham Duc‐Truc
Published: July 2012

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms of Activation of C—H Bonds in Framework Compounds: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Gunchenko P. A. , Fokin A. A.
Published: July 2012

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of the Cn Symmetry of Chiral Catalyst on the Enantioselectivity of Reactions
Authors: Pavlov Valeriy A. , Pavlova Tatiana N.
Published: July 2012

Review: 167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid—Base Model of Charge Separation and One‐Electron Transfer Involving Hydroxyl‐Containing Molecular Anions
Authors: Nedelina O. S. , Brzhevskaya O. N. , Degtyarev E. N. , Zubkov A. S.
Published: July 2012

Review: 15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Linear Free Energy Relationships (LFERs) to Elucidate the Mechanisms of Reaction of a γ‐Methyl‐β‐alkynyl and an ortho‐Substituted Aryl Chloroformate Ester
Authors: D'Souza Malcolm J. , Knapp Jaci A. , Fernandez‐Bueno Gabriel A. , Kevill Dennis N.
Published: July 2012

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Singlet Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Levitt Malcolm H.
Published: July 2012

Review: 80 refs.
Adaptive spectrum access strategies in the context of spectrum fragmentation in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Lu Yanhui , Cao Huijin , Mu Xiaomin , Yang Shouyi
Published: July 2012

Because of the presence of incumbents in cognitive radio networks, the unused spectrum in the TV bands, popularly referred to as ‘white spaces’, are fragmented with the size of each fragment varying from one TV channel to several TV channels. What is more, because the secondary transmissions adjust their spectrum usage over time, white spaces become increasingly partitioned into a collection of discrete fragments, which decreases the spectral utilization. To improve throughputs, most of the prior researches focused on selecting the best transmission channel in the context of spectrum fragmentation but have rarely involved aggregating the fragmentation to a contiguous channel. In this paper, we present two adaptive spectrum access strategies, both of which not only select the best transmission channel but also efficiently solve the fragmentation problem. The first strategy involves one‐agile radios that build a transmission using single fragment of frequency, which partially remedy the fragmentation problem using higher‐layer solutions. The second strategy suppresses the impact of spectrum fragmentation successfully at the physical layer by combining k spectrum fragments to form a single transmission. The simulation results show that both of the strategies bring larger throughputs compared with the prior solutions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyses of baby name popularity distribution in U.S. for the last 131 years
Authors: Li Wentian
Published: July 2012

We examine the complete dataset of baby name popularity collected by U.S. Social Security Administration for the last 131 years (1880–2010). The ranked baby name popularity can be fitted empirically by a piecewise function consisting of Beta function for the high‐ranking names and power‐law function for low‐ranking names, but not power‐law (Zipf's law) or Beta function by itself. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012
1,3‐Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) in supplements and geranium products: natural or synthetic?
Authors: Zhang Ying , Woods Ross M. , Breitbach Zachary S. , Armstrong Daniel W.
Published: July 2012

1,3‐Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is a stimulant existing in various pre‐workout supplements and often labelled as part of geranium plants. The safety and origin of DMAA in these supplements is the subject of intense debate. In this study, the enantiomeric and diastereomeric ratios of two different known synthetic DMAA compounds, as well as the total concentrations of DMAA and its stereoisomeric ratios in 13 different supplements, were determined by gas chromatography. The stereoisomeric ratios of DMAA in the synthetic standards and in all the commercial supplements were indistinguishable. Eight different commercial geranium extracts of different geographical origins (China and the Middle East) were examined for the presence of DMAA by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS). No DMAA was detected in any of the eight geranium products with a limit of detection of 10 parts per billion (w/w). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Miniaturized hollow fibre assisted liquid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography for determination of trace concentration of sufentanil and alfentanil in biological samples
Authors: Fakhari Ali Reza , Tabani Hadi , Nojavan Saeed
Published: July 2012

A simple and highly sensitive method that involves miniaturized hollow fibre assisted liquid‐phase microextraction with gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector was developed for the determination of trace concentration of sufentanil and alfentanil in biological samples. These drugs were extracted from 5 ml of aqueous solution with pH 10.0 into an organic extracting solvent (1‐octanol) impregnated in the pores and lumen of a hollow fibre. After extraction for a prescribed time, 2.0 µl of the extraction solvent was injected directly in to the GC injection port. Under the optimized conditions, (1‐octanol as extracting solvent, stirring rate of 700 rpm, 15% (w/v) salt addition, pH 10.0 and 25 min sampling time at 50 °C) large enrichment factors of 535 and 420 were achieved for sufentanil and alfentanil, respectively. Dynamic linear ranges were in the range of 0.05 to 500 ng/ml for sufentanil and 0.1 to 500 ng/ml for alfentanil. Limits of detection 0.01 and 0.02 ng/ml were obtained for sufentanil and alfentanil, respectively. The percent relative intra‐day and inter‐day standard deviations were found to be less than 8.4% (n = 5). Finally, this method was successfully applied for the separation, preconcentration and determination of trace concentration of sufentanil and alfentanil in plasma and urine samples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and characterization of urinary prenylamine metabolites by means of liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Beuck S. , Sigmund G. , Koch A. , Schänzer W. , Pokrywka A. , Kwiatkowska D. , Thevis M.
Published: July 2012

Prenylamine is a vasodilator of phenylalkylamine structure and was used for the treatment of angina pectoris, until reports of undesirable effects including ventricular tachycardia led to a decreasing use of the drug in the 1980s. Metabolic N‐dealkylation of orally ingested prenylamine can liberate amphetamine in humans and cause positive findings for amphetamine in doping and forensic analysis. In 2010, the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) classified prenylamine as a non‐specified stimulant according to the 2010 Prohibited List, thus banning its use in sports in‐competition. Supporting the development of a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) based detection method, a post‐administration urine sample following a single oral prenylamine ingestion (Segontin® 60 mg) was analyzed for urinary metabolites. The LC‐separated analytes were ionized in positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode and detected as protonated ions using an AB Sciex TripleTOF 5600 quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight hybrid mass spectrometer. Over 40 phase I metabolites were detected, including previously unknown mono‐ bis‐, tris‐ and tetra‐hydroxylated prenylamine, several hydroxylated and methoxylated prenylamine metabolites and (hydroxylated) diphenylpropylamine. Investigation of the collision‐induced dissociation behaviours of the metabolites by high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry allowed for the assignment of the nature and the site of observed metabolic transformations. The most abundant phase I metabolite was confirmed as p‐hydroxy‐prenlyamine by chemical synthesis and stable isotope labelling of reference material. An existing routine screening assay based on direct injection and LC‐MS/MS analysis of urine was modified and validated according to common guidelines, in order to allow for the detection of p‐hydroxy‐prenylamine in sports drug testing. The assay demonstrated the ability to detect the target metabolite at 0.1 ng/ml at intra‐ and inter‐day imprecisions below 10%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.