bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calm in the chaos: Mindfulness and compassion for CAMHS Staff
Authors: Howes Hannah , Mills Dane Duncan
Published: January 2023

This article reflects on a mindfulness and compassion class for staff at a CAMHS clinic in Newham, East London. The class which was held after work hours, ran for one year and was led by Dr Hannah Howes (Clinical Psychologist) and Dane Duncan Mills (Assistant Clinical Psychologist) who have a special interest in mindfulness.
Mindfulness and distress tolerance skills for in-patients in later life
Authors: James Kirsty
Published: January 2023

Dialectical behaviour therapy skills are increasingly popular clinical interventions. This paper describes a weekly group intervention adapting mindfulness and distress tolerance skills for an older adult in-patient population in the South West. Client feedback on the group is presented.
Supervisor training: Recent updates
Authors: Fleming Ian , Hughes Jan
Published: January 2023

Information is presented about recent developments in supervisor training for clinical psychologists. There is a discussion of broader contextual issues about governance, including the suitability of the existing RAPPS register administered by the British Psychological Society.
Throughput trends: Factors relating to support needs to promote recovery for service users with severe mental health difficulties
Authors: Colbert Susannah , Bining Sandish
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes factors that may be important to consider when thinking about the length of stay and/or considering discharge of a service user with severe mental health difficulties from a community team. The paper contains the views of service users on the factors proposed.
Keep NICE and carry on? Reflections on evidence-based practice
Authors: Tinkl Laura , Hiskey Syd
Published: January 2023

This paper considers the term evidence-based practice by way of its relationship to empirically supported therapies and NICE guidance, before critiquing the randomised control trial methodology. We feel psychologists need to engage in such debates to inform those who commission services.
A trainee’s reflections on seeking and managing informed consent in therapy
Authors: Wilson Hannah
Published: January 2023

This article considers some of the complexities in striving for informed consent, as experienced by a trainee clinical psychologist. This includes reflections from several clinical examples, including the potential impact of the consent process.
Delivering efficient psychotherapy
Authors: Valinejad Carol
Published: January 2023

The central thesis of this article is that trauma specific psychological therapy provides more efficient and effective psychotherapy than non-trauma specific psychotherapy with clients who present to psychological therapy department’s. I will use a case study narrative to illustrate how I use trauma specific psychotherapy in my work.
Liberté, égalité, fraternité, or a business proposition?
Authors: Kat Bernard J.B.
Published: January 2023

Liberté, égalité, fraternité – the motto of the French nation and three words that capture the aspirations of many people throughout the world. They are even the basis of the first article of the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights: ‘All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.’ (The choice of a gender-neutral alternative to ‘brotherhood’ remains controversial.)
Personal reflections on volunteering in a children’s hospice
Authors: Chatburn Eleanor
Published: January 2023

This article shares the personal reflections of a pre-qualification group member on a voluntary placement in paediatric palliative care. I reflect on my role and preconceptions, dealing with challenging situations, and the importance of self-care.
Papers Presented at 1985 Conference on Training in Counselling and PsychotherapyCOUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY – SOME SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCESPSYCHOTHERAPY WITH CHILDREN (ABSTRACT)INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOTHERAPY WITH ADULTSPSYCHOTHERAPY IN SMALL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Langley Joan , Orford Eileen , Monteith Lionel , Heaton J.M.
Published: January 2023

Papers include Counselling and Psychotherapy - some similarities and differences by Joan Langley, Psychotherapy with Children by Eileen Orford, Individual Psychotherapy with Adults by Lionel Monteith and Psychotherapy in Small Communities by J.M. Heaton.
Extended review
Authors: Stone Valerie , Wade Tracy , Orme Carolee , Breese James , Easton Simon
Published: January 2023

Reviews ofLiving in Timeby P. Salmon,The Hot House Plant: An Autobiography of a Young Girlby Y. Stevenson,Hunger Strikeby Susie Orbach,Resolving Marital Conflictsby Herbert S. Strean,Staying Togetherby Reginald Beech,Quality Circles: A Practical Guideby Mike Robson andQuality Circles in Actionby Mike Robson.
Counselling Research: An Ideological Study
Authors: Rowan John , Walford George
Published: January 2023

Does counselling work?

This question matters to everybody who might spend time or money on counselling, and it seems at first sight to be a matter of fact, like: ‘Does this key fit that lock?’, or ‘Is this the right bus for Clapham?’.

Questions of this sort can sometimes be difficult to answer, but the principle is simple; we just have to see whether the key does open the door, or whether the bus does get us to Clapham. In this paper we shall be contending that the question whether counselling works is not like these at all. It is more like asking; ‘Should the workers support socialism?’, or ‘Is Jesus the only way to God?’. It is not at all a simply factual question, but one which will receive different answers according to the ideology of the speaker. The proposition to be discussed is that psychology is not a unitary enterprise but one conducted in a number of different ways, and that our understanding of different approaches to psychology, counselling and psychological research is extended when they are related to the ideologies which appear in the Walsby theory of ideology. Unlike other theories, which tend to regard ideologies as things to be got rid of, Walsby’s theory presents the major ones as function constituents of any highly developed society. It distinguishes three ‘static’ major ideologies and three ‘dynamic’ ones; it indicates that we have to reckon with the continuing presence of these and their effects upon attitudes towards counselling among other things.
Experiential Interpersonal Skills in the Psychology Curriculum ‘An Ounce of Practice is Worth a Pound of Theory’
Authors: Shillito-Clarke Carol
Published: January 2023

The quotation used in the title of this paper was offered to me as evaluation of a short course on basic counselling skills. The participant was one of 14 undergraduates from the second and third years of the Psychology Department at Leeds University who had elected to do the course as one of the practical work options. Several-other students offered similar comments valuing the practical experiential approach to skill learning. They also welcomed the belated opportunity for getting to know each other and regretted that the course had not been available to them much earlier in the three-year programme.
An Integrative Model of Supervision: An Obvious Choice for Counselling Psychologists?
Authors: Sweeney Catherine
Published: January 2023

Many counselling psychologists could see the relevance of the “comprehensive working definition” of psychotherapy constructed by Wolberg (1977) to their own aims and objectives, if only the word “counselling psychology” were substituted for “psychotherapy”; “client” for “patient”, and “dysfunction” for “symptoms”.

Psychotherapy is the treatment by psychological means of problems of an emotional nature in which a trained person deliberately establishes a professional relationship with the patient with the object of removing, modifying or retarding existing symptoms, mediating disturbed patterns of behaviour, and promoting positive personality growth and development.
Catharsis in Counselling Psychology
Authors: Hawkins Peter J.
Published: January 2023

A brief history of catharsis from the time of the ancient Greeks to the present is presented. This includes an examination of the role of some of the important founding fathers of counselling psychology, such as Freud, Perls, and Reich, in the development of cathartic approaches in counselling psychology. Techniques for eliciting catharsis are considered along with some of the problems that are inherent in its use. Finally, the research evidence is examined and its implications for clinical practice discussed.

Emotional occasions, especially violent ones, are extremely important in precipitating mental rearrangements (William James)
The Cohesive Corporate Identity in Counselling Psychology: Public Relations in Action
Authors: Guernina Zoubida
Published: January 2023

Miller, one time president of the American Psychological Association, once said, “it is the duty of every psychologist to take psychology to the people.” If you support this sentiment, then speaking to the press is one obvious solution.

We have all regularly encountered the extraordinary level of ignorance and misinformation that still exists among the general public about psychology and even among people who seem well read and informed in many other areas of enquiry. How often have you been asked to explain the difference between psychology and psychiatry, let alone to define psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, counselling or counselling psychology? Journalists can often be as guilty of such misunderstandings as any other outsider. They are also prone to adding their own touch of DIY psychological interpretation to news reports that may increase the public's mis-perceptions about the work of counselling psychologists.
Who Knows About us? A PR Strategy For Dcop
Authors: James Ian
Published: January 2023

How do we bring Chartered counselling psychologists into the consciousness of the public? More importantly, how do we bring Chartered counselling psychologists into the gaze of potential employers? Perhaps both solutions lie with the media. The media relates to the public who are the professional bodies which deal with topics and they relate job advertisements. By tapping into these two processes the process of consciousness-raising can begin.
Family Systems Theory and its Limitations
Authors: Irving J. A. , Williams D. I.
Published: January 2023

The applications of systems theory to the family is found wanting in terms of its theoretical rigour, clinical utility, researchability, and for the ethical dilemmas it poses. It is suggested that its use with families is unsystematically motivated more by belief than evidence. This paper presents a conceptual assessment of family systems theory. Since the 1950’s systems theory has increasingly been applied to the study and treatment of families, and is now generally considered to be the central conceptual foundation of family therapy. Before going on to consider some of the problems and limitations of this theory, a summary of principle themes is necessary.
Tilting at Windmills: A Response to Irving and Williams
Authors: Bott David
Published: January 2023

A paper which makes its case in forthright, not to say strident, terms (Irving and Williams, 1995) is to be welcomed when much academic writing tends towards the bland and equivocal. It can be assumed this kind of approach is intended to stimulate counter-argument.

I write as one whose academic interests have been to examine the relationship between theories and models which inform our understanding of people and how they can be helped, and as a practitioner whose work is informed by a combination of family systems, humanistic and pychodynamic principles. As such, I find myself compelled to respond to a number of Irving and Williams’ arguments and assertions. This is not from a conviction that family systems theory is without limitations, but derives from the need to identify confusion in the paper which might unintentionally mislead readers and thus deprive them of an additional framework which has, in my view, considerable utility when it comes to understanding the contextual factors associated with psychological difficulties presented in an individual.
Counselling Psychology’s Socio-Political Responsibilities in Light of the Socarides Debate
Authors: Milton Martin
Published: January 2023

In April this year, Professor Charles Socarides was invited to Britain to talk to the Association of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapists (APP) in the NHS. His talk was cancelled due to some public outcry. However, he did attend a meeting at Regents College School of Psychotherapy and Counselling. His view raises a number of important issues for the field of psychotherapy and counselling. For those who don’t know Professor Socarides, he is an American psychoanalyst who is well known for his views on homosexuality as a perversion and the influence he has had within American political administrations. The audience at the meeting noted and tried to point out to the Professor that they were aware of a lack of logic in his argument, that his arguments didn’t bear on the wide range of psychotherapeutic experience in the room, and that his practice seemed to be ill informed regarding the ethics of psychological practice.
Recommendations for novice supervisors
Authors: Chen Charles P.
Published: January 2023

Novice supervisors in counselling and psychotherapy often go through a parallel process as their trainees do in clinical work. While facing similar issues experienced supervisors may encounter, novice supervisors are expected to deal with challenging supervision situations they have not met before. It is suggested that novice supervisors put their interaction with counsellor trainees into perspective. Fifteen supervision recommendations, which reflect some of the primary aspects of this interaction, are highlighted to provide beginning supervisors with heuristic views in their clinical supervision practice.
Issues of confidentiality relating to therapy with children and adolescents
Authors: Pugh Debbie
Published: January 2023

This article explores issues related to maintaining confidentiality when working with children and adolescents.
How to convince Prince Charming that the shoe fits
Authors: Bartlett Sarah
Published: January 2023

Shillito-Clarke (1996) refers to the need for counselling psychologists to clarify what they can offer and what distinguishes them from related professions, such as clinical psychology and counselling.
The G.P. surgery – an arena for caring or collusion?
Authors: Ironside Karin
Published: January 2023

As a counselling psychologist, I work in the NHS where 60 per cent of my week is spent in primary care and I have been fascinated by the dynamics of working within this setting.
Developing a training course
Authors: Crawford-Wright Anne , Hart Nicky
Published: January 2023

This paper provides an account of our experiences of the process of designing, writing, validating and eventually running a course in counselling psychology at Wolverhampton University. It is hoped that the paper will be of interest to others embarking on a similar journey and that it will provide a forum for debate on the many tangled issues around counselling psychology training. These issues are too difficult to be resolved by individuals working alone in institutions and it seems to us that trainers will achieve much more by co-operating with each other, pooling experience and resources and supporting each other in a way that reflects our work in counselling psychology.
Group work in counsellor training
Authors: Hall Eric , Hall Carol , Biddulph Max , Duffy Teresa , Harris Belinda , Hay David
Published: January 2023

An earlier evaluation of courses that we undertook for teachers, who were involved in pastoral work or counselling in schools, found that participants ascribed more positive learning to the small group work than any other part of the course (Hall, Woodhouse & Wooster, 1988). Group work was also reported to contribute significantly in reported levels of reduced stress (Woodhouse, Hall & Wooster, 1985) Interestingly, even though the small group experience itself was recognized as stressful, there was no evidence of any of the participants being psychologically harmed by the process. However, Irving and Williams (1996) challenged us to review our previous findings and the study we describe here is a result of that review.
Contracting and supervision
Authors: Morrissey Jean
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is to discuss critically the role of contracting and supervision. The theoretical frameworks underpinning this case study are Transactional Analysis (Berne, 1975) and Page and Wosket’s (1994) cyclical model of supervision. Prior to the analysis undertaken, a brief description of the context of my supervision practice will be provided. Due to the word limit of this case study it is impossible to review all aspects of contracting and supervision. Therefore, I have chosen aspects of contracting which reflect particular significance to me, both professionally and future professional and personal learning as a supervisor.
Does debriefing harm victims of trauma?
Authors: Tehrani Noreen
Published: January 2023

Debriefing is a widely used technique used with victims of trauma. Despite its common usage, there have been few controlled studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the technique in reducing the incidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. This paper identifies the aims of debriefing, provides a brief description of six debriefing models, examines the underlying mechanisms of trauma and presents the results of some debriefing evaluation studies. The paper concludes with reasons why debriefing may fail with some victims and suggests that, to be effective, debriefing should only be offered to appropriate people and as part of an integrated programme of trauma care.
Counselling psychologists: upstarts, competitors or colleagues?
Authors: Ryder Joanne , Shillito-Clarke Carol
Published: January 2023

We were prompted to write this paper after discussions with our clinical psychology colleagues and reported experiences of other counselling psychologists which suggest that there is still both confusion and conflict regarding the role of a counselling psychologist working in a clinical psychology service.
Process models for counselling psychologists: the skilled helper and the skiiied client
Authors: Nelson-Jones Richard
Published: January 2023

Models of the counselling and helping process abound (for instance, Brammer & MacDonal, 1996; Carkhuff, 1987; Kidd, 1996). These process models are also highly relevant for counselling psychology practice and training.
Constructionist approaches to bereavement and therapy: Part 2
Authors: Davy John
Published: January 2023

Clinical applications of the work of Stroebe and Walter in competency-oriented therapy with three bereaved clients.
Parity of pay and conditions for counselling psychologists: A report from the Working Party
Authors: Thomas Ann , Tholstrup Margaret , Jordan Ruth
Published: January 2023

This paper reports on the activities of the Working Party for Parity of Pay and Conditions for counselling psychologists. It describes the history of problems of unequal pay for counselling psychologists working within NHS settings, and documents the methods used to substantiate the problem and make representations to address it.
Senior Examiner's Report of the 1999 examinations for the Society's Diploma in Counselling Psychology
Authors: Strawbridge Sheelagh
Published: January 2023

My report this year is longer and more wide ranging than is usual for a Senior Examiner's Report. However, this is the sixth year of examining for Part One of the Diploma and the third year of examining for Part Two and the Board of Examiners has been working hard over the past year reviewing our, still relatively new, qualification. It seems appropriate therefore, in addition to the usual feedback and reflections on this year's assessment work, to use this report to comment on developments and give some general guidance on preparing for assessment, in the light of our experience to date.
Prescription privileges and the counselling psychologist
Authors: King Mathew
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the current position on psychologists and prescription rights. The topic is undoubtedly plagued with controversy regarding issues such as who will be eligible to prescribe? Who will train the necessary courses? Do those involved in mental health issues want psychologists to prescribe medication? This paper will concentrate on the latter question, focusing upon the perspective of the practitioner, the client, and the therapeutic relationship. Whilst matters of training and eligibility are pertinent to the debate, they are largely influenced by political arguments.
Book review
Authors: Lavallee David , Hudson Joanne
Published: January 2023

Review ofSport Psychiatry: Theory and Practiceedited by Daniel Begel and Robert W. Burton.
Clients are complicated, science is simple? Reflections on the May 2000 conference
Authors: Adams Bryan
Published: January 2023

Anyone who works as a therapist in whatever capacity, using whatever methodology, must have at some time found themselves making comparisons with the way they work and the way, for example, a biologist, chemist or physicist proceeds. How can the methods employed by these hard-nosed scientists ever begin to encompass the idiosyncratic, seemingly infinitely variable and totally unpredictable behaviour of our subjects – people? It must be so gratifying to know that one molecule of carbon is exactly the same as the next (if we forget allotropes for the moment) and that iron filings will always be attracted to a magnet with apparent indifference to where that iron was mined. Are we condemned to a futile catching-up episode to emulate the behaviours of the physical scientist, or should we retreat to an idiosyncratic explanation of our work and be pleased if now and then it rings bells with others who may also be muddling along in the same area, or with the same problems and people?
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in a sample of the counselling population
Authors: Purves David , Crompton Judy
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a counselling client group. Forty clients of a voluntary counselling organisation were given a short structured clinical interview using the PTSD-Interview. Results reveal that 62.5 per cent of the client sample had experienced symptoms of PTSD and of those 40 per cent presented with symptoms for current PTSD. The duration of symptoms for the current diagnosis group was 15.43 years, with little previous experience of PTSD diag-nosis. It is suggested that experience of a life trauma may be a significant factor in whether a client will seek out or be referred for counselling, but that it may be the long-term consequences of the trauma rather than the event itself which is the impetus to seek counselling.
A Person-Centred model of supervision
Authors: Frankland Alan
Published: January 2023

Although I am quite clear, as are most supervisors I meet from whatever theoretical background, that a line can be drawn between supervision and therapy, I think it is important, for me at least, to find a way of offering supervision that is fully consonant with my way of being as a therapist and counselling psychologist. Driven by the evidence on effective helping I have identified more and more with Person-Centred practice, and feel it is vital to elaborate a model of supervision that fits with this perspective. However my original training (in psychology and counselling) had a large psychodynamic element and there are aspects of that understanding (about symbolic operations), which still influence my thinking, which I believe can and must be integrated into a Person-Centred model of supervision.
Tracing neutrality in the systemic therapies: Histories of an idea
Authors: Davy John
Published: January 2023

Neutrality is an important theoretical concept in systemic thinking whose meaning and applications have changed over time as the family of systemic therapies has differentiated. Neutrality can be understood as an umbrella term for several ideas, all of which involve the theme of ‘not taking sides’, but which differ in relation to what the relevant ‘sides’ are, and what would constitute ‘taking a side’. This paper charts the development of the concept of neutrality through time and in relation to different models and frameworks for systemic therapy. The clinical relevance of these ideas is explored with particular reference to the use of team practice in therapy.

The notion of therapeutic neutrality has a broader resonance with other forms of psychotherapy. For example, the pan-theoretical construct of a positive therapeutic alliance exists in dynamic tension with remaining open-minded, being non-judgemental, balancing ‘helping’ or ‘healing’ against respect for client self-determination and empowerment, empathising rather than sympathising, challenging versus colluding, and so on. Later in this paper, I suggest that neutrality can operate as a construct facilitating the integration or interplay of systemic ideas with other influences on the therapist, including other theoretical models. This may occur as a purposeful and reflexive process, or be unwitting and unacknowledged. This article aims to promote the former.
Counselling psychology and the NHS: An individual perspective
Authors: Smallwood Jacqueline A.
Published: January 2023

This article is a contribution to the quest to clarify the position of counselling psychology in the NHS; partly to answer the question regularly heard from colleagues, ‘What do counselling psychologists do?’ and partly an attempt to find the most appropriate basis for triage.

To this end, a brief overview is given of career routes for counselling psychologists and lines are drawn between counselling and counselling psychology. There are many ways in which clinical and counselling psychology, and counselling are similar, but this text focuses on the differences.

Certain assumptions have been made in this discussion, for the purposes of clarifying the distinctions between the different professions. A cognitive therapy approach is assumed for clinical psychology, and a humanistic model for counselling psychology. There is of course no such clear demarcation of ideology or role, furthermore there is overlap at every level.
Editorial
Authors: Szymanska Kasia
Published: January 2023

This article seeks to explore issues of belief in relation to counselling work with adult asylum seeking clients. It argues that counselling psychologists are uniquely placed to engage in such work because they combine a scientific knowledge of human functioning with a humanistic and holistic approach towards understanding others. As Woolfe (2001) notes: ‘what matters is the approach or attitude or intentionality that any psychologist or any helper brings to the helping relationship’. It will be argued here that the stance taken by counselling psychologists and their liberty to choose particular attitudes towards clients frees them to work very effectively. More specifically, it will be suggested that adopting a believing stance towards those who are often disbelieved can make for a very powerful therapeutic encounter.
The role of the therapeutic relationship in promoting psychological change: A cognitive-behavioural perspective
Authors: Corrie Sarah
Published: January 2023

In 1994, counselling psychology was endorsed by the Society as a distinct psychological profession with a unique identity and philosophy of practice. The philosophy underlying counselling psychology raises questions about the approaches and models of practice upon which it is appropriate to draw. However, this expectation cannot be divorced from a consideration of the extent to which different models are consistent with the underlying philosophy of counselling psychology itself. This may give rise to a number of practice-related tensions, particularly concerning those approaches which appear to focus more explicitly on therapeutic technique than on the therapeutic relationship.

Cognitive therapy is an example of one such approach that may appear to favour technique over relationship and that might, therefore, be perceived as incongruent with the underlying value system of counselling psychology. For example, it has often been argued that cognitive therapy emphasises cognitive and behavioural changes over the interpersonal aspects of the therapeutic process.

This paper has been written in the context of this debate and its aim is to highlight how cognitive therapy can be understood as consistent with the philosophy of counselling psychology, when the role of the therapeutic relationship is re-examined in the light of collaborative empiricism and more recent developments in schema-focused therapy. Through theoretical review and case vignettes detailing how, in particular, difficulties in the therapeutic relationship can be conceptualised and addressed, it is hoped that this paper will contribute to a greater appreciation of how cognitive therapy can be understood as advancing practice in the context of the counselling relationship.
Assessing needs for psychological therapies in the context of the National Service Framework for Mental Health
Authors: Leiper Rob
Published: January 2023

At the initiative of the Local Implementation Team for the National Service Framework for Mental Health, an assessment of current need for psychological therapy was undertaken across all tiers of provision within the mental health services for the localities served by a specialist NHS Trust. The methodology chosen involved collecting information about the current provision of psychological therapies in terms both of staff establishment and service usage (referral rates, throughput and waiting times). From this data it was possible to estimate shortfall in services to manage current referrals. In addition, the ‘hidden’ need – referrals which are suppressed by this shortfall and would emerge with more adequate provision – was estimated through surveys undertaken by members of the services with a sample of their major referrers. Results indicated very substantial shortfalls in provision, both for current referrals and additionally for the ‘real’ potential demand. This was true in differing degrees at each tier of the service. The required increases in provision to meet identified shortfalls were calculated. Required increases in Primary Care and Secondary Intermediate tiers approach 100 per cent, as did the Secondary Complex tier for one half of the area. Increases in the Specialist Psychotherapy services varied for the different types of provision but appeared to be similarly high. Methodology and results are discussed in relation to their generalisability to other services, their implications for workforce planning and current and future patterns of service provision.
The three approaches to a therapeutic relationship:instrumental, authentic, transpersonal
Authors: Rowan John
Published: January 2023

I worked last year with Michael Jacobs on a book entitled The Therapist’s Use of Self. At first we thought in terms of looking at various aspects of this question from the points of view of various schools of therapy. But as we started working on the actual content, a strange phenomenon took place. We started to think in terms of the self. And it then appeared as though this was a new way of looking at the question, which would avoid the dangers of taking schoolism for granted. As Petruska Clarkson (2002) has been saying for some time now, schoolism is not something to be taken for granted, but rather to be questioned quite forcefully. In recent years I have been applying the ideas of Ken Wilber (2000) to the study of therapy (the term I use to cover psychotherapy, counselling psychology, counselling and personal growth) and found him a very interesting guide. However, the ideas I shall outline here do not come from him, but from my own work in the field.

It seems to me that we can think in terms of three broad definitions of the self, corresponding to three of Wilber’s waystations in the process of psychospiritual development. I call these the instrumental, the authentic and the transpersonal.
Therapist dilemmas: A discussion paper
Authors: Odulate Abigael , Bewsey Kate
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is to act as a springboard to generate discussion between therapists about ethical dilemmas raised through their clinical work. It is hoped that this paper will provide a starting point for an interactive forum to encourage the discussion of ongoing practice issues and dilemmas. Two case examples are presented, one by each therapist, which grapple with therapeutic/ethical/legal issues within the settings of: (1) a Domestic Violence Project, and (2) a Community Mental Health Team.

Therapists’ dilemmas have been highlighted by Lindsay and Clarkson (1999) and Dryden (1985). In our case examples the focus is upon ethical dilemmas. These include: giving information within the counselling role, supporting and containing a client if wider systems fail, role conflict within the therapeutic relationship, professional and ethical ‘mismatching’ within a team and managing personal feelings within the therapeutic relationship. For ease of reading the case examples are presented separately although there is a significant amount of overlap between them.
Observing John – an exercise in learning
Authors: Jenkins Mary
Published: January 2023

Infant observations have been in existence since their introduction by John Bowlby with the assistance of Esther Bick in the training of child psychotherapists in 1948. The experience instils in observers a sense of wonder and provides them with a learning tool about human relationships that cannot be matched. This work describes my observation of John; it details my introduction to him and to his family, John’s growing as a family member and my own growing as a counselling psychologist. The focus is on mothering through which we journeyed and by which we learned – John how to find a place for himself in the world and me how the experience of infant-hood impacts on our being in and out of the counselling room.
Book Review
Authors: Revell Kim
Published: January 2023

Review ofPerson-Centred Therapy Today: New Frontiers in Theory and Practiceby Dave Mearns and Brian Thorne.
Counselling psychology and psychiatric classification: Clash or co-existence?
Authors: Golsworthy Richard
Published: January 2023

This paper was commissioned by the Division of Counselling Psychology’s Standing Committee for Practice and Research as part of its ongoing work.
Counselling psychology and psychological testing: Professional issues
Authors: Van Scoyoc Susan
Published: January 2023

In the early days of the Counselling Psychology Division in the UK the ‘grandparents’ who became the first Chartered members were psychologists who had gone on to pursue training and employment in the counselling arena.

Most Counselling Psychologists at this time had no wish to use psychological tests with their clients. Indeed, the use of tests was opposed by the majority of Counselling Psychologists as a form of ‘labelling’ or categorisation in the same way diagnostic labels can be used to discriminate against clients. It was seen as not in keeping with our humanistic philosophy.

However, time and the success of counselling psychologists has resulted in increasing numbers of Counselling Psychologists being employed in settings which require the use of tests as part of their work with clients. Can these demands be reconciled with our humanistic underpinnings? Should they? Can we as Counselling Psychologists use these tests and preserve our way of being and thinking about our clients? Can we use these tests and enable them to benefit rather than harm our clients?
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Scott Wendy , Greenfield Sally , Habeshaw Trevor
Published: January 2023

Counselling Psychology Revewsupports freedom of expression and welcomes controversial correspondence, thoughtful comments and lively contribution to public debate. ‘Letters to the Editor’ provides a forum for readers to: (1) debate issues pertaining to counselling psychology; and (2) extend the peer review process with comment on earlier published papers. Where a letter refers to a previous publication, the original author will be offered the right of reply.
Transpersonal connection within psychotherapy
Authors: Whitehouse Tricia
Published: January 2023

Of Clarkson’s (1995) five facets of relating within psychotherapy, the transpersonal relationship is the least known or understood, despite the suggestion that it can be facilitative of rapid change. There is, therefore, a need for research to gather therapists’ experiences and understanding of working in this way, and to place these into the arena for discussion. This exploratory study used interviews and questionnaires to further these objectives, drawing upon transpersonal therapy literature for a framework. Results were analysed using IPA, and suggest that such experiences occur naturally within many kinds of therapy, and may not be recognised as transpersonal by either therapist or client. They arise from the relationship and vary from ‘just knowing’ to a ‘deep and wonderful sense of connectedness’. They leave both parties with an awareness that ‘something special’ has happened, and help clients move on. For 50 per cent of interviewees this aspect of therapeutic relating had been either ignored in their training, or highlighted as something to avoid.

In consequence, therapists may, therefore, be unaware of, or avoiding, this potentially valuable way of working. An initial exploratory study, this research suggests that further enquiry into such experiences would be of value and, in particular, the varying ways in which they are conceptualised within different schools of psychotherapeutic practice.
‛Practice what you preach.’ A day in the life of an Academic Counselling Psychologist
Authors: Alilovic Katrina
Published: January 2023

Part of a special edition on the everyday working lives of counselling psychologists.
The Cognitive Behavioural Approach: CBT’s Big Brother
Authors: Merrett Charles , Easton Simon
Published: January 2023

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is increasingly promoted as the treatment of choice in the UK. The Layard Report (2006) recommended a massive expansion in the provision of CBT. We discuss what we believe to be a fundamental contradiction in the thinking behind the Layard Report. After briefly reviewing the evidence for CBT, we suggest it suffers from a similar philosophical contradiction in the way it is practised. In particular, we argue that CBT is often associated with a pathological, disempowering model of psychological distress. Whilst recognising the current pressure to be seen to be practising CBT, we argue that a broader Cognitive Behavioural Approach (CBA), based on fundamental cognitive principles avoids the contradictions inherent in the provision of rigid, manualised CBT. CBA is proposed as a basis for understanding psychological experience and distress, and identifies the cognitions that are fundamental as causes of ‘mental health problems’ regardless of traditional diagnostic categories. The implications of CBA for prevention and therapy are discussed.
Trainee Prize winner
Authors: Higley Nickee
Published: January 2023

The complete article, by Nickee Higley and Dr Martin Milton, was printed in the last edition of Counselling Psychology Review, 22(2), 10–22.
Should we be doing more to reduce stigma?
Authors: Galbraith Victoria E. , Galbraith Niall D.
Published: January 2023

The Moving People Programme (MPP) (www.movingpeople.org.uk/) is a four-year evidence-based programme aimed at improving mental and physical well-being for people in England, and at tackling the growing discrimination faced by people with mental health problems (MIND, 2007). This campaign is an important movement towards de-stigmatising mental health difficulties, particularly when one considers that the lifetime incidence of mental health problems is estimated to be around one-in-four (Department of Health,2007). Within today’s increasingly stressful society, this campaign is a timely initiative to combat the negative associations of mental distress. This paper aims to review the literature surrounding stigma towards mental health difficulties and assesses the need for initiatives such as the MPP. The difficulties faced by service providers with regard to their own mental health and help-seeking behaviour will be highlighted and recognition will be given to how counselling psychologists could contribute to such initiatives.
A trial of client-centred counselling over the telephone for persons with ME
Authors: Ward Tony , Hogan Kevin
Published: January 2023

The study described in this paper was designed to evaluate the potential of client-centred telephone counselling for people with Myalgic Encephalopathy (ME). Fourteen participants were recruited via the main ME associations, and offered up to eight sessions of telephone counselling. The CORE measure was completed before and after, and change compared to scores collected during a waiting list phase. A paired t-test showed that overall scores improved significantly, and the counselling was rated very highly in terms of usefulness. Clients were followed up several weeks after the end of the counselling and asked to rate, using a 10-point Likert scale, the intervention in terms of the core client-centred principles. They were asked about their reactions to the counselling, how useful it was, and whether they had any comments on the work being telephone-based. These interviews were transcribed and subject to thematic analysis. Session transcripts were also reviewed to identify the core presenting issues. Whilst telephone counselling might seem somewhat limited compared to face-to-face methods, participant feedback suggested that it was acceptable. The conclusion is that client-centred methods delivered over the telephone can be an effective form of intervention for clients with ME.
Levels of work-stress and burnout among prison officers. An examination of the need for a staff counselling service in a forensic setting
Authors: Xanthakis Artemis
Published: January 2023

Much research has been published on stress and ‘burnout’ among prison staff but little attention has been given to their attitudes towards psychological interventions, such as workplace counselling, to manage their stress. Participants in this study consisted of 101 prison officers drawn from a medium-security male prison in the UK. Several factors, such as demographics, the perceived frequency and quality of their interaction with inmates and their attitudes towards inmates with challenging behaviours were taken into account. Quantitative analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0. The results indicated that the overall levels of stress and burnout among prison officers were moderate and that they varied depending on the factors mentioned above. Results of regression analyses supported the hypothesis that prison officers with higher levels of stress had overall better attitudes towards psychological counselling and they reported to be more likely to make use of such services. This finding was not supported, however, for those officers with higher levels of burnout. The results suggest a potential for workplace counselling to impact positively on prison officers with higher levels of stress. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for service delivery and future research.
Counselling psychology for children? – The questions of training and career paths in an emerging profession
Authors: Riha Annie
Published: January 2023

Through my counselling psychology training and my clinical placement with the Place2Be, a charity that works inside schools to improve the emotional well-being of children, I have become very interested in the experiences and challenges that qualified counselling psychologists encounter when working with children. As a result I am researching this topic for my doctorate – an area in counselling psychology which is often overlooked in training modules and possibly, therefore, future career paths in the profession.
The counselling psychologist as therapeutic ‘container’
Authors: Gravell Lynne
Published: January 2023

The principle of containment is fundamental to psychodynamic psychotherapy. This paper explores the idea of containment and the ways in which it might be useful to us in our work as counselling psychologists. It begins with a theoretical look at the importance of containment in the early developmental process and how it might be fulfilled or lacking for a child. It then demonstrates how similar aspects might be played out in the therapy room and suggests ways in which counselling psychologists might be able to provide containment for their clients from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Personal examples and case illustrations are used to demonstrate the practical elements of containment in the therapy room.
Virtual and real conversations with people who experienced the QCoP
Authors: John Claire
Published: January 2023

‘The QCoP is not a course of study in the traditional sense; it is instead a professional body award which determines whether or not the required competences have been demonstrated. The QCoP recognises that counselling psychologists are required to have a range of knowledge and skills. It has Documentary Evidence Units designed to ensure that candidates undertake appropriate developmental experiences and Assessment Units designed to ensure that candidates are able to demonstrate the knowledge and skills which they have developed. Upon successfully completing the QCoP, candidates are eligible to apply for Chartered Membership and to apply to the HPC for registration as a counselling psychologist. The QCoP also conveys eligibility for full membership of the Society’s Division of Counselling Psychology.’ (Qualification of Counselling Psychology Candidate Handbook, 2010, p.4)
Taking your participants home: Self-care within the research process
Authors: McGourty Alison J. , Farrants Jacqui , Pratt Rebecca , Cankovic Marija
Published: January 2023

Background

On the long and often stressful road to qualifying as a counselling psychologist the issue of self-care is addressed early within the training. Yet this idea of self-care relates to therapeutic practice, with little consideration of self-care during the research process. With the training route now at Doctoral level, all practitioners will undertake a significant research project as part of the qualifying portfolio.

Aims and scope

This paper explores the process issues encountered in conducting research into the experience of Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA), and raises questions about the way self-care is addressed within the research process. The article reflects upon a content analysis of 202 personal accounts of CSA with the aim of exploring the presence of Stockholm syndrome and PTSD within CSA. Literature from selfcare within the clinical application of psychology and trauma-based work is discussed as a starting point for the development of self-care within a research context.

Conclusion

Recommendations are made for changes in research practice and ethical review, and a clear role for counselling psychologists to lead in this development.