bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tricarbonylmanganese(I) and –rhenium(I) Complexes of Imidazol‐Based Phosphane Ligands: Influence of the Substitution Pattern on the CO Release Properties
Authors: Kunz Peter C. , Huber Wilhelm , Rojas Alfonso , Schatzschneider Ulrich , Spingler Bernhard
Published: November 2009

Tricarbonylmanganese(I) and ‐rhenium(I) complexes of the imidazolylphosphane ligands tris(imidazol‐2‐yl)phosphane (2‐TIPH), tris(N‐methylimidazol‐2‐yl)phosphane (2‐TIPNMe), and tris[2‐isopropylimidazol‐4(5)‐yl]phosphane (4‐TIPiPr) as well as the phosphane oxide (4‐TIPOiPr) and sulfide (4‐TIPSiPr) ligands were prepared. These tris(imidazolyl) ligands act as N,N,N‐tripodal chelating ligands. The solid‐state structures of the manganese complexes [(2‐TIPNMe)Mn(CO)3]OTf and [(4‐TIPSiPr)Mn(CO)3]OTf as well as the rhenium compound [(4‐TIPOiPr)Re(CO)3]OTf were determined by X‐ray diffraction. The potential of these complexes as photoactivatable CO‐releasing molecules (CORMs) was studied with the UV/Vis spectroscopy‐based myoglobin assay. Within the series of compounds prepared, the substitution pattern of the imidazolyl groups was found to significantly influence the CO‐release efficiency and stoichiometry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Two New Iron(II) Spin‐Crossover Complexes with N4O2 Coordination Sphere and Spin Transition around Room Temperature
Authors: Weber Birgit , Obel Jaroslava , Henner‐Vásquez Dunie , Bauer Wolfgang
Published: November 2009

The reaction of iron(II) acetate with the tetradentate Schiff base like ligand H2L1 {[3,3′]‐[4,5‐dihydroxy‐1,2‐phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)bis(2,4‐pentanedion)]} leads to the formation of the complex [FeL1(MeOH)]. Reaction of this complex with pyridine (py) or N,N′‐dimethylaminopyridine (dmap) leads to the two N4O2‐coordinated complexes [FeL1(py)2]·py (1) and [FeL1(dmap)2]·MeOH·0.5dmap (2). Both complexes are spin‐crossover compounds that were characterised by using magnetic measurements, X‐ray crystallography and temperature‐dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy. Special attention was given to the role of the two hydroxy groups on the phenyl ring in the formation of a hydrogen‐bonding network and the influence of this network on the spin‐transition properties. Although only a gradual spin crossover was observed for both complexes, the transition temperature was shifted to higher temperatures relative to that of the complexes with no additional hydroxy groups at the Schiff base like ligand. The hydrogen‐bonding network was responsible for this effect.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Control of Exchange Interactions in Trinuclear Complexes Based on Orthogonal Magnetic Orbitals
Authors: Weber Birgit , Obel Jaroslava , Lorenz Lucia R. , Bauer Wolfgang , Carrella Luca , Rentschler Eva
Published: November 2009

The reaction of copper(II) acetate with the tetradentate Schiff base like ligand H4L {(E,E)‐[{diethyl 2,2′‐[4,5‐dihydroxy‐1,2‐phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)]bis(3‐oxobutanoate)}] leads to the formation of the square planar N2O2 coordinated complex [H2CuL]. Reaction of two equivalents of this complex with copper(II) acetylacetonato or vanadyl(IV) acetylacetonato yields the trinuclear complexes [V(O)Cu2L2][N(nBu)4]2·2MeOH (1) and [Cu3L2][N(nBu)4]2·2DMF (2). Both complexes were characterised by using magnetic measurements and X‐ray crystallography. Special attention was given to the spin‐exchange coupling through the bridging phenylene ring. The principle of strict orthogonality of the magnetic orbitals can be applied to explain the results of the susceptibility measurements. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Investigation into the reaction of 2‐amino‐4,5‐dimethylthiophene‐3‐carboxamide with iso(and isothio)cyanates under microwave irradiation
Authors: Davoodnia Abolghasem , Rahimizadeh Mohammad , Atapour‐Mashhad Hoda , Tavakoli‐Hoseini Niloofar
Published: November 2009

The reaction of 2‐amino‐4,5‐dimethyl‐ thiophene‐3‐carboxamide with iso(and isothio) cyanates for the synthesis of thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines has been investigated. The reactions under microwave irradiation in the presence of N,N‐dimethyl acetamide as solvent gave 5,6‐dimethylthieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione, 5,6‐dimethyl‐2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihy‐ drothieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(1H)‐one, and 2‐aryla‐ mino‐5,6‐dimethylthieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives. These reactions probably proceed through intermediates 4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐substitutedcarbamoth‐ ioylaminothiophene‐3‐carboxamides. Two of these intermediates were isolated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:346–349, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20557
Modelling evapotranspiration using discrete wavelet transform and neural networks
Authors: Partal Turgay
Published: November 2009

This study combines wavelet transforms and feed‐forward neural network methods for reference evapotranspiration estimation. The climatic data (air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity) from two stations in the United States was evaluated for estimating models. For wavelet and neural network (WNN) model, the input data was decomposed into wavelet sub‐time series by wavelet transformation. Later, the new series (reconstructed series) are produced by adding the available wavelet components and these reconstructed series are used as the input of the WNN model. This phase is pre‐processing of raw data and the main different of the WNN model. The performance of the WNN model was compared with classical neural networks approach [artificial neural network (ANN)], multi‐linear regression and Hargreaves empirical method. This study shows that the wavelet transforms and neural network methods could be applied successfully for evapotranspiration modelling from climatic data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Training comparison among three professions prescribing psychoactive medications: psychiatric nurse practitioners, physicians, and pharmacologically trained psychologists
Authors: Muse Mark , McGrath Robert E.
Published: November 2009

Academic training leading to prescriptive authority is compared among psychiatric nurse practitioners, physicians, and pharmacologically trained psychologists. Statistics are presented on the relative emphasis that programs serving each discipline place on the preparation of their respective students in academic and clinical content areas that are relevant to the prescribing of psychoactive medication for the mental health population. An analysis of these statistics substantiates the assertion that pharmacologically trained psychologists are well prepared academically to incorporate prescriptive authority within their competencies. Indeed, the statistics point to multiple content areas in which the other professions are relatively deficient in comparison to pharmacologically trained psychologists' preparation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1–8, 2010.
Access to indoles via Diels‐Alder reactions of 2‐vinylpyrroles with maleimides
Authors: Noland Wayland E. , Lanzatella Nicholas P. , Venkatraman Lakshmanan , Anderson Nicholas F. , Gullickson Glen C.
Published: November 2009

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Variously substituted 2‐vinylpyrroles underwent an endo‐addition [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with maleimides followed by a spontaneous highly diastereoselective (93–98% de) isomerization to give tetrahydroindoles in moderate to excellent yield. Treatment with activated MnO2 in refluxing toluene provided the corresponding indoles in moderate to good yield. This highly convergent methodology for formation of indoles is versatile and the starting materials are conveniently prepared. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
MALDI TOF‐TOF characterization of a light stabilizer polymer contaminant from polypropylene or polyethylene plastic test tubes
Authors: Sachon Emmanuelle , Matheron Lucrèce , Clodic Gilles , Blasco Thierry , Bolbach Gérard
Published: November 2009

Disposable plasticware such as plastic test tubes are routinely used in all proteomics laboratories. Additives in polymers are used to protect them against oxygen or ultraviolet (UV) light degradation. Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALSs) are of utmost importance in modern polyolefin (polypropylene, polyethylene) stabilization. In this article, we demonstrate that the manufacturing polymeric agent: poly‐(N‐β‐hydroxyethyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐piperidinyl succinate), known as Tinuvin‐622 or Lowilite 62, from the HALS family, leaches from laboratory polypropylene or polyethylene plastic test tubes into the standard solvents for sample preparation. The analysis of these polluted samples by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry, in the positive mode, shows highly contaminated mass spectra, due to the high sensitivity of this technique. These contaminants have mass range and mass defect similar to those of peptides arising from the digestion of a protein in a conventional proteomics study. Therefore, they can be really harmful for proteomics studies, leading to misattributions, preventing any protein identification. In this article, an MS and MS/MS fingerprint of this pollutant is given and some pieces of advice to avoid it are proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caspase‐11 mediates ischemia‐induced astrocyte death: Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and C/EBP homologous protein
Authors: Fradejas Noelia , Pastor María Dolores , Burgos Miguel , Beyaert Rudi , Tranque Pedro , Calvo Soledad
Published: November 2009

Astrocytes are essential cells for maintaining brain integrity. We have recently shown that the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, plays a key role in the astrocyte death induced by ischemia. Meanwhile, mediators of apoptosis downstream of CHOP in the ER stress‐dependent pathway remain to be elucidated. Our aim in this work was to determine whether caspase‐11, able to activate apoptotic and proinflammatory pathways, is implicated in ER stress‐dependent astrocyte death in ischemic conditions. According to our results, caspase‐11 is up‐regulated in primary astrocyte cultures following either oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) or treatment with the ER‐stress inducers thapsigargin and tunicamycin. Moreover, these same stimuli increased caspase‐11 mRNA levels and luciferase activity driven by a caspase‐11 promoter, indicating that caspase‐11 is regulated at the transcriptional level. Our data also illustrate the involvement of ER stress‐associated CHOP in caspase‐11 regulation, insofar as CHOP overexpression by means of an adenoviral vector caused a significant raise in caspase‐11. In turn, caspase‐11 suppression with siRNA rescued astrocytes from OGD‐ and ER stress‐induced death, supporting the idea that caspase‐11 is responsible for the deleterious effects of ischemia on astrocytes. Finally, inhibition of caspase‐1 and caspase‐3 significantly reduced astrocyte death, which indicates that these proteases act as death effectors of caspase‐11. In conclusion, our work contributes to clarifying the pathways leading to astrocyte death in response to ischemia by defining caspase‐11 as a key mediator of the ER stress response acting downstream of CHOP. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of skeletal maturity on the regenerative function of intrinsic ACL cells
Authors: Mastrangelo Ashley N. , Magarian Elise M. , Palmer Matthew P. , Vavken Patrick , Murray Martha M.
Published: November 2009

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are an important clinical problem, particularly for adolescent patients. The effect of skeletal maturity on the potential for ACL healing is as yet unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that fibroblastic cells from the ACLs of skeletally immature animals would proliferate and migrate more quickly than cells from adolescent and adult animals. ACL tissue from skeletally immature, adolescent, and adult pigs and sheep were obtained and cells obtained using explant culture. Cell proliferation within a collagen–platelet scaffold was measured at days 2, 7, and 14 of culture using AM MTT assay. Cellular migration was measured at 4 and 24 h using a modified Boyden chamber assay, and cell outgrowth from the explants also measured at 1 week. ACL cells from skeletally immature animals had higher proliferation between 7 and 14 days (p < 0.01 for all comparisons) and higher migration potential at all time points in both species (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). ACL cells from skeletally immature animals have greater cellular proliferation and migration potential than cells from adolescent or adult animals. These experiments suggest that skeletal maturity may influence the biologic repair capacity of intrinsic ACL cells. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:644–651, 2010
The roles of TNFR1 in lipopolysaccharide‐induced bone loss: Dual effects of TNFR1 on bone metabolism via osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast survival
Authors: Ochi Hiroki , Hara Yasushi , Tagawa Masahiro , Shinomiya Kenichi , Asou Yoshinari
Published: November 2009

LPS (lipopolysaccharide), a major constituent of Gram‐negative bacteria, regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts directly or indirectly. This study sought to investigate the functions of the RANK/RANKL pathway in LPS‐induced bone loss in vivo. Wild‐type mice or TNFR1−/− mice were injected LPS with or without osteoprotegerin (OPG) and analyzed histologically. Bone volume was reduced by LPS injection in all groups, and OPG administration prevented the LPS‐induced bone loss regardless of genotypes. LPS‐induced enhancement of osteoclastogenesis in wild‐type mice was blocked by OPG administration. LPS or OPG did not affect osteoclastogenesis in TNFR1−/− mice. Interestingly, osteoblast surface was remarkably reduced in LPS‐treated TNFR1−/− mice as a result of enhanced osteoblast apoptosis. TRAIL, induced by TNF‐α in BMC, triggered apoptosis of primary osteoblast only when TNFR1 signal was ablated in vitro. In conclusion, RANK signaling plays a prominent role in osteoclastogenesis downstream of LPS. Furthermore, TNFR1 regulates bone metabolism through not only the regulation of osteoclast differentiation but also osteoblast survival. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:657–663, 2010
Analysis of structure and vibrational spectra of 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoicacid based on density functional theory calculations
Authors: Krishnakumar V. , Surumbarkuzhali N.
Published: November 2009

The spectra of 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) have been recorded using Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and FT‐Raman measurements. The total energy calculations of DHBA were evaluated for various possible conformers. The spectra were interpreted with the help of normal coordinate analysis based on density functional theory (DFT) using standard B3LYP/6–31G* method for the most optimized geometry. The effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding was discussed. Normal coordinate calculations were performed with the DFT force field corrected by a recommended set of scaling factors, yielding fairly good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies. On the basis of the comparison between calculated and experimental results, assignments of fundamental modes were examined. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of fermented soy product on the fecal microbiota of rats fed on a beef‐based animal diet
Authors: Bedani Raquel , Pauly‐Silveira Nadiége D , Roselino Mariana N , de Valdez Graciela F , Rossi Elizeu A
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether the consumption of soy product fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183, would modify the fecal microbiota of rats fed a diet containing red meat. The rats were placed in groups, distinguished by their diets. For 60 days, group I was given a standard casein‐based rodent feed and groups II–VI, the beef‐based feed. From the 30th day, groups III–VI also ingested the following products: group III, E. faecium‐fermented soy product; group IV, pure suspension of E. faecium; group V, sterilized fermented soy product; and group VI, unfermented soy product.

RESULTS: Rats that ingested fermented soy product showed a slight increase in the numbers of lactobacilli (0.45 log CFU g−1), as did the casein‐based diet group (0.47 log CFU g−1). The fermented soy product did not cause any reduction in the number of enterobacteria or clostridia, but promoted a slight fall in the viable count of Bacteroides spp. (2.80 ± 0.20 to 2.34 ± 0.07 log CFU g−1).

CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the ingestion of this fermented soy product did not lead to significant changes in the fecal microbiota of the rats fed on a beef‐based diet. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Opportunities for commercial accommodation in VFR travel
Authors: Backer Elisa Rose
Published: November 2009

This research explores the extent to which VFR travellers utilise commercial accommodation in the Sunshine Coast, Australia, and profiles the characteristics and behaviours of this particular type of VFR traveller. The research indicated that 26% of the VFRs stayed in commercial accommodation (CVFRs). This closely aligned with research using the same method in a comparative destination, Ballarat, Australia, indicating that 22% of VFRs stayed in commercial accommodation. CVFR travellers occupied similar types of commercial accommodation as non‐VFRs and engaged in similar tourism activities. However, they came from different generating regions and used different sources of information for planning their trip. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding ASEAN tourism collaboration — the preconditions and policy framework formulation
Authors: Wong Emma P.Y. , Mistilis Nina , Dwyer Larry
Published: November 2009

Intergovernmental collaboration in tourism among ASEAN nations has received little attention in the literature despite the significant contribution that tourism makes in the region. This paper helps improve our understanding of the phenomenon by providing empirical evidence that explains the preconditions that gave rise to ASEAN tourism and the formulation of its policy framework. It is suggested that, to truly realise the vision of economic integration and sustainable tourism development, continuous efforts are required to establish, promote and protect the common interests of member countries. Policy‐makers should also strive for a good balance between pragmatism and mechanism when implementing policies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supraglottic swelling may not correlate with tongue swelling in angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor‐induced angioedema
Authors: Saxena Shashank , Gierl Brian , Eibling David E.
Published: November 2009

Angioneurotic edema of upper airway tissues due to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) usage is a known perioperative complication of this class of medications. Swelling can begin rapidly, and typically involves the tongue and oral cavity. We have recently encountered four cases in which supraglottic edema developed after onset of tongue swelling and progressed despite resolving tongue edema. We present a representative case. This observation suggests that all patients with ACEI‐induced angioedema should undergo laryngeal fiberoptic examination and appropriate airway management. Laryngoscope, 2010
Highly Asymmetric Phase Diagram of a Poly(1,2‐octylene oxide)–Poly(ethylene oxide) Diblock Copolymer System Comprising a Brush‐Like Poly(1,2‐octylene oxide) Block
Authors: Hamley Ian W. , O'Driscoll Ben M. D. , Lotze Gudrun , Moulton Claire , Allgaier Jürgen , Frielinghaus Henrich
Published: November 2009

The phase diagram of a series of poly(1,2‐octylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) (POO–PEO) diblock copolymers is determined by small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The Flory–Huggins interaction parameter was measured by small‐angle neutron scattering. The phase diagram is highly asymmetric due to large conformational asymmetry that results from the hexyl side chains in the POO block. Non‐lamellar phases (hexagonal and gyroid) are observed nearfPEO = 0.5, and the lamellar phase is observed forfPEO ≥ 0.5.

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Mass spectrometry of the photolysis of sulfonylurea herbicides in prairie waters
Authors: Headley John V. , Du Jing‐Long , Peru Kerry M. , McMartin Dena W.
Published: November 2009

This review of mass spectrometry of sulfonylurea herbicides includes a focus on studies relevant to Canadian Prairie waters. Emphasis is given to data gaps in the literature for the rates of photolysis of selected sulfonylurea herbicides in different water matrices. Specifically, results are evaluated for positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with liquid chromatography separation for the study of the photolysis of chlorsulfuron, tribenuron‐methyl, thifensulfuron‐methyl, metsulfuron‐methyl, and ethametsulfuron‐methyl. LC–MS/MS is shown to be the method of choice for the quantification of sulfonylurea herbicides with instrumental detection limits ranging from 1.3 to 7.2 pg (on‐column). Tandem mass spectrometry coupled with the use of authentic standards likewise has proven to be well suited for the identification of transformation products. To date, however, the power of time‐of‐flight MS and ultrahigh resolution MS has not been exploited fully for the identification of unknown photolysis products. Dissipation of the herbicides under natural sunlight fit pseudo‐first‐order kinetics with half‐life values ranging from 4.4 to 99 days. For simulated sunlight, radiation wavelengths shorter than 400 nm are required to induce significant photolytic reactions. The correlation between field dissipation studies and laboratory photolysis experiments suggests that photolysis is a major pathway for the dissipation of some sulfonylurea herbicides in natural Prairie waters. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:593–605, 2010
Longitudinal study of the levodopa motor response in Parkinson's disease: Relationship between cognitive decline and motor function
Authors: Alty Jane E. , Clissold Benjamin G. , McColl Craig D. , Reardon Katrina A. , Shiff Mark , Kempster Peter A.
Published: November 2009

In this prospective study of 34 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), measurements of the short duration levodopa motor response have been performed every 3 years in defined off states. The mean time from initiation of levodopa treatment was 14.8 years, and 17 patients survived to the latest assessment stage. Off phase motor function worsened at a yearly rate of 2.2% of the maximum disability score. The magnitude of the levodopa response is well preserved as the disease progresses, and patients who developed motor fluctuations maintained better on phase motor function than nonfluctuators (P = 0.01). Ten patients, of whom 5 survive, developed dementia. There was no difference in pretreatment disability or initial levodopa response between demented and nondemented subjects. However, dementia was associated with worse on and off motor disability scores after 11 and 14 years (P < 0.001), and a smaller levodopa response magnitude after 14 years (P = 0.008). The plot of sequential scores shows the association between cognitive decline and accelerating increase in motor disability. This suggests that the advanced phase of PD, when Lewy body pathology involves the cerebral cortex, progresses in an exponential rather than linear fashion. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
A family with a hereditary form of torsion dystonia from Northern Sweden treated with bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation
Authors: Blomstedt Patric , Hariz Marwan I. , Tisch Stephen , Holmberg Monica , Bergenheim Tommy A. , Forsgren Lars
Published: November 2009

To evaluate pallidal DBS in a non‐DYT1 form of hereditary dystonia. We present the results of pallidal DBS in a family with non‐DYT1 dystonia where DYT5 to 17 was excluded. The dystonia is following an autosomal dominant pattern. Ten members had definite dystonia and five had dystonia with minor symptoms. Four patients received bilateral pallidal DBS. Mean age was 47 years. The patients were evaluated before surgery, and “on” stimulation after a mean of 2.5 years (range 1–3) using the Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden scale (BFM). Mean BFM score decreased by 79 % on stimulation, from 42.5 ± 24 to 9 ± 6.5 at the last evaluation. Cervical involvement improved by 89%. The 2 patients with oromandibular dystonia and blepharospasm demonstrated a reduction of 95% regarding these symptoms. The present study confirms the effectiveness of pallidal DBS in a new family with hereditary primary segmental and generalized dystonia. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Periodic leg movements and REM sleep without atonia in Parkinson's disease with camptocormia
Authors: Lavault Sophie , Bloch Frederic , Houeto Jean‐Luc , Konofal Eric , Welter Marie‐Laure , Agid Yves , Arnulf Isabelle
Published: November 2009

Camptocormia (a flexion of the trunk that only appears when standing or walking) affects a minority of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). As it responds poorly to levodopa and is associated with reduced midbrain and pons volume, it may result from non‐dopaminergic, brainstem lesions. As several sleep abnormalities in PD also result from non‐dopaminergic brainstem lesions, we monitored sleep in 24 non‐demented PD patients with (n = 12) and without (n = 12) camptocormia and in 12 controls. Nearly half (42%) patients with camptocormia had abnormal periodic leg movement indices (>15/h), versus 17% patients without camptocormia and 8% of controls (p = 0.02). In addition, the percentage of enhanced muscle activity during REM sleep (measured on the chin and on the limb muscles) tended to be higher in patients with than without camptocormia (51 ± 39% vs. 20 ± 25%, p = 0.06). The other sleep and REM sleep characteristics (sleep and REM sleep onset latencies, sleep time and sleep stage percentages, REMs density, arousal, and apnea‐hypopnea indices) were not different between these two PD groups. Lesions causing this axial dystonia may spare the sleep systems but affect the control of movements during sleep. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Complete experimental and theoretical proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectral assignments, molecular structure and conformational study of 1‐cyclohexylpiperazine and 1‐(4‐pyridyl)piperazine
Authors: Alver Özgür
Published: November 2009

The possible stable forms and molecular structures of 1‐cyclohexylpiperazine (1‐chpp) and 1‐(4‐pyridyl)piperazine (1‐4pypp) molecules have been studied experimentally and theoretically using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy. 13C, 15N cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning NMR and liquid phase1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HETCOR and INADEQUATE NMR spectra of 1‐chpp (C10H20N2) and 1‐4pypp (C9H13N2) have been reported. Solvent effects on nuclear magnetic shielding tensors have been investigated using CDCl3, CD3 OD, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)‐d6, (CD3)2CO, D2O and CD2Cl2. 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts have been calculated for the most stable two conformers, equatorial–equatorial (e–e) and axial–equatorial (a–e) forms of 1‐chpp and 1‐4pypp using B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p)//6‐31G(d) level of theory. Results from experimental and theoretical data showed that the molecular geometry and the mole fractions of stable conformers of both molecules are solvent dependent. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled Single‐Particle and Population Balance Modeling for Particle Size Distribution of Poly(propylene) Produced in Loop Reactors
Authors: Luo Zheng‐Hong , Wen Shao‐Hua , Shi De‐Pan , Zheng Zu‐Wei
Published: November 2009

A comprehensive model was developed for the PSD of PP produced in loop reactors. The polymeric multilayer model (PMLM) was first applied to calculate the single particle growth rate under intraparticle transfer limitations. In order to obtain the comprehensive model, the PMLM was solved together with a steady‐state particle population equation to predict the PSD in the loop reactors. The simulated PSD data obtained under steady‐state polymerization conditions agreed with the actual data collected from industrial scale plant. The comprehensive model was also used to predict the effects of some critical factors, including the intraparticle mass and heat transfer limitations, the feed catalyst particle size and the catalyst deactivation, etc., on the PSD.

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Exogenously administered opioids contract the female rat intrinsic urethral sphincter in vivo
Authors: Crayton Robert , Soller Wolfgang , Mattiasson Anders , Bossowska Agnieszka , Borkowski Tomasz , Majewski Mariusz , Radziszewski Piotr
Published: November 2009

Background and objective

Previous studies have reported immunoreactive opioid nerve fibers in the detrusor and lower urinary tract sphincters. However, there is a paucity of in vivo studies demonstrating the direct effect of endogenous opioids in these structures. In the present study, we investigated the contractile actions of intra‐arterially administered exogenous Dynorphin‐A, Met‐enkephalin, Leu‐enkephalin, morphine, and the opioid antagonist naltrexone on the female rat intrinsic urethral sphincter in vivo.

Methods

Intraurethral pressure was recorded by a catheter placed at the maximum pressure zone of the intrinsic urethral sphincter in anesthetized female Sprague–Dawley rats. The effects of different opioids were studied and expressed as means and as percentages of pressure change (cmH2O) of the baseline intraurethral pressure.

Results

Dynorphin‐A, Met‐enkephalin, and Leu‐enkephalin evoked rapid, long‐lasting contractile effects on the female rat urethra. The greatest intraurethral pressure increase was evoked by Dynorphin‐A (89.2 ± 15.3%). For Met‐enkephalin, intraurethral pressure increased by 70.2 ± 21.8% and for Leu‐enkephalin, the pressure increase was 60.6 ± 20%. Morphine, however, evoked inconsistent intraurethral pressure changes, increasing the urethral pressure in three subjects and lowering the pressure in the remaining six subjects. The opioid antagonist naltrexone reduced the intraurethral pressure by a mean of −19.0 ± 5.8%.

Conclusion

Results of the present study suggest that endogenous opioids by their contractile action on the intrinsic urethral sphincter may play a role in the control of continence in rats, additional to cholinergic and noradrenergic pathways. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:777–782, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the conjunctiva: Response to chemotherapy with low‐dose methotrexate and vinorelbine
Authors: Favini Francesca , Resti Antonio Giordano , Collini Paola , Casanova Michela , Meazza Cristina , Trecate Giovanna , Ferrari Andrea
Published: November 2009

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an unusual entity that mainly affects children and young adults, and for which standardized therapies for inoperable cases are still lacking. We report on a 12‐year‐old patient with an extremely rare and inoperable conjunctival location that was treated with chemotherapy using low‐dose methotrexate plus vinorelbine, achieving complete tumor remission. This regimen is usually well tolerated and may be considered as the treatment of choice for cases of unresectable advanced IMT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:483–485. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gelatin‐based photopolymers for bone replacement materials
Authors: Schuster Monika , Turecek Claudia , Weigel Guenter , Saf Robert , Stampfl Juergen , Varga Franz , Liska Robert
Published: November 2009

Gelatin‐based monomers were considered as suitable base component for the 3D structuring of potential bone replacement materials by stereolithographic techniques. Different methacrylate‐based gelatin derivatives were prepared, whereas a polyethylene glycol modified derivative GP4M turned out to have the highest tolerance toward other monomers. These are essential as they allow the tuning of the photoreactivity and the mechanical properties. Cell culture experiments with osteoblast‐ and endothelial‐like cells confirmed negligible cytotoxicity of these monomers. Finally, we were able to show the possibility of producing arbitrary cellular structures with these gelatin‐containing formulations using stereolithography. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2009
How to extend quantum experiments
Authors: Arndt M. , Aspelmeyer M. , Zeilinger A.
Published: November 2009

Modern experimental developments allow to address the fundamental challenges of quantum physics on new, macroscopic scales. How far can such experiments be pushed with current technology? We discuss three specific examples, long‐distance photonic entanglement, matter wave interferometry and superposition states of mechanical resonators, and discuss possible extensions to these experiments. It turns out that there is “plenty of room at the top” for macroscopic quantum experiments, even with presently available technology.
Distribution of VKORC1 single nucleotide polymorphism in wildRattus norvegicusin France
Authors: Grandemange Agnes , Lasseur Romain , Longin‐Sauvageon Christiane , Benoit Etienne , Berny Philippe
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND:Anticoagulant rodenticides are commonly used to control rodent pests all over the world. These pesticides inhibit one enzyme of the vitamin K cycle,Vkorc1, and thus prevent blood clotting and cause death by haemorrhage. Resistance to anticoagulants was first observed in Scotland in 1958, and more potent anticoagulants have been developed to overcome this obstacle. Unfortunately, these chemicals are very toxic and cannot be used everywhere. Some authors have shown that resistance to anticoagulants seems closely linked with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in theVkorc1gene.

RESULTS:This study draws a map of SNP and haplotypes found inVkorc1in rats from different areas of France. Some of them had never been described before. Moreover, the Y139F mutation, described previously in France and Belgium, is the most frequent in France. This mutation is known to be associated with a strong resistance to anticoagulants, and it was found in 28% of the samples.

CONCLUSION:This biomolecular approach to studying and detecting resistance is easier to carry out than the phenotypic approach measuring blood coagulation time because it can be conducted on biological samples from dead animals, and it is less dangerous for the operator. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of feedback delay on learning
Authors: Rahmandad Hazhir , Repenning Nelson , Sterman John
Published: November 2009

Understanding barriers to organizational learning is central to understanding firm performance. We investigate the role of time delays between taking an action and observing the results in impeding learning. These delays, ubiquitous in real‐world settings, are relevant to tradeoffs between long term and short term. We build four learning heuristics, with different levels of complexity and rationality, and analyze their performance in a simple resource allocation task. All reliably converge to the optimal solution when there are no/short delays, and when those delays are correctly assessed. However, learning is slowed significantly when decision makers err in assessing the length of the delay. In many cases, the decision maker never finds the optimal solution, wandering in the action space or converging to a suboptimal allocation. Results are robust to the organization's level of rationality. The proposed heuristics can be applied to a range of problems for modeling learning from experience in the presence of delays. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Securing the signaling plane in beyond 3G networks: analysis of performance overheads
Authors: Tonesi D. S. , Salgarelli L. , Tortelli A.
Published: November 2009

The Third‐generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 6 is an important step towards next generation mobile networks, integrating the IP Multimedia Subsystem, a core network completely based on IETF protocols. At the same time, the access network is being redefined to be able to support a variety of different wireless technologies, enabling the use of new, multi‐interface, powerful end‐devices. Security will necessarily represent a critical issue for the success of this new architecture, especially for the signaling plane, where the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) plays a key role. SIP does not offer any built‐in security features, therefore 3GPP technical specifications require SIP to be protected by IPSec security associations. This can lead to significant computational and spatial overheads both in the core network and in the terminals, which might affect their performance. In this paper we analyze the overheads due to security mechanisms designed to protect signaling in Beyond‐3G core networks and mobile terminals. We show that in both cases such overheads can have a significant effect on the performance of the entire architecture. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep consistency and sufficiency: are both necessary for less psychological strain?
Authors: Barber Larissa K. , Munz David C. , Bagsby Patricia G. , Powell Eric D.
Published: November 2009

Using the integrated self‐regulatory strength approach to the benefits of sleep over time, we proposed that early‐week sleep sufficiency (average sleep duration) and early‐week sleep consistency (variation in sleep duration) interact to predict the greatest buffer against late‐week psychological strain. Results supported the hypothesized interaction, even when controlling for factors relating to circadian rhythm disruptions and sleep quality. Specifically, the benefits of sufficient sleep are best obtained through consistent sleep resource replenishment, and consistent sleep practices require a sufficient amount of sleep to mitigate the experience of strain. This study provided preliminary evidence that sleep as a technique for resource replenishment alone may not be enough to reduce psychological strain. Continued exploration of the potential resource‐enhancement aspect of consistent sleep may be a fruitful avenue of stress management research. Much like other routine activities that have shown to increase self‐regulatory strength, consistent sleep may serve as an effective strain intervention, thereby preventing negative acute and chronic health effects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human CMP-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Hydroxylase Is a Novel Stem Cell Marker Linked to Stem Cell-Specific Mechanisms
Authors: Nystedt Johanna , Anderson Heidi , Hirvonen Tia , Impola Ulla , Jaatinen Taina , Heiskanen Annamari , Blomqvist Maria , Satomaa Tero , Natunen Jari , Saarinen Juhani , Lehenkari Petri , Valmu Leena , Laine Jarmo
Published: November 2009

Human stem cells contain substantial amounts of the xenoantigen N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), although the levels of Neu5Gc are low or undetectable in human body fluids and most other human tissues. The lack of Neu5Gc in human tissues has been previously explained by the loss of hydroxylase activity of the human CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) protein caused by a genetic error in the human Cmah gene. We thus wanted to investigate whether the human redundant Cmah gene could still function in stem cell-specific processes. In this study, we show that CMAH gene expression is significantly upregulated in the adult stem cell populations studied, both of hematopoietic and mesenchymal origin, and identify CMAH as a novel stem cell marker. The CMAH content co-occurs with higher levels of Neu5Gc within stem cells as measured by mass spectrometric profiling. It seems that despite being enzymatically inactive, human CMAH may upregulate the Neu5Gc content of cells by enhancing Neu5Gc uptake from exogenous sources. Furthermore, exposure to exogenous Neu5Gc caused rapid phosphorylation of β-catenin in both CMAH overexpressing cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, thereby inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The data demonstrate the first molecular evidence for xenoantigen Neu5Gc-induced alteration of crucial stem cell-specific signaling systems for the maintenance of self renewal. These results add further emphasis to the crucial need for completely xenofree culturing conditions for human stem cells.
A Novel Signaling by Vitamin A/Retinol Promotes Self Renewal of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Activating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway via Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor
Authors: Chen Liguo , Khillan Jaspal S.
Published: November 2009

Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells are a potential source of all types of cells for regenerative medicine. ES cells maintain pluripotency through a complex interplay of different signaling pathways and transcription factors, including leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), Nanog, Sox2, and Oct3/4. Nanog, however, plays a key role in maintaining the pluripotency of mouse and human ES cells. Phosphoinositde 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway which is activated in response to growth factors and cytokines also plays a critical role in promoting the survival and proliferation of ES cells. Our earlier studies revealed that retinol, the alcohol form of vitamin A, enhances the expression of Nanog and prevents differentiation of ES cells in long-term cultures. Normally vitamin A/retinol is associated with cell differentiation via its potent metabolite, retinoic acid. Thus far, no direct function has been ascribed to retinol itself. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that retinol directly activates phosphoinositide three (PI3) kinase signaling pathway through IGF-1 receptor/insulin receptor substrate one (IRS-1) by engaging Akt/PKB-mTORC1 mammalian target of rapamycin-2 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2), indicating a growth factor-like function of vitamin A. Furthermore, ES cells do not express enzymes to metabolize retinol into retinoic acid and lack receptors for retinol transport into the cytoplasm, indicating that retinol signaling is independent of retinoic acid. This study presents a novel system to investigate how extracellular signals control the self renewal of ES cells which will be important for high-quality ES cells for regenerative medicine.
A study on vortex‐induced vibration of supertall buildings in acrosswind
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zhang Wenshou , Yue Qianjin
Published: November 2009

Modern tall buildings using innovative structural systems and high‐strength materials tend to be slender and lightly damped. Hence, they are vulnerable to the dynamic action of wind. Crosswind excitation on tall buildings can result in aeroelastic problems. Vortex‐induced vibration (VIV) is the prime problem in self‐excited vibration of the flexible structures, and it should be especially observed in order to avoid the ultimate limit state in the design stage. In order to predict the vortex‐induced response of a supertall building in China with the single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) mathematical model, wind tunnel tests were carried out with an improved aeroelastic model according to the similitude. The measured top acceleration of the structure showed that VIV was quite significant at some wind speeds and should be considered in the design. Based on the experimental data, the aerodynamic parameters were determined and the characteristics of VIV were investigated in some details. The time history of acceleration at the lock‐in wind speed was then obtained using the Runge–Kutta method with the SDOF model. The numerical results are in accordance with the measurements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autocovariance
Authors: Brockwell P. J.
Published: November 2009

In this article the definition, properties, and applications of the autocovariance function of a stationary time series are reviewed. Particular attention is given to univariate and multivariate stationary sequences and to univariate continuous‐time stationary processes. Numerous illustrative examples are given. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

This article is categorized under:

Data: Types and Structure > Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional Data
Interventional oncology: new options for interstitial treatments and intravascular approaches
Authors: Ko Gi‐Young , Hwang Shin , Sung Kyu‐Bo , Gwon Dong‐Il , Lee Sung‐Gyu
Published: November 2009

Extensive hepatic resection is often associated with post‐hepatectomy liver failure. Owing to the regenerative capacity of the liver, preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) has been proposed to increase the functional mass of the non‐embolized liver segments that will remain in situ after surgery. However, in some patients, hypertrophy of the non‐embolized liver segments following PVE is insufficient to support major hepatectomy. Several studies have demonstrated alternative techniques for inducing hypertrophy of the non‐embolized liver segments, including PVE in conjunction with hepatic arterial embolization or hepatic vein embolization in conjunction with PVE. Investigation of new techniques for inducing hypertrophy of the future liver remnant can reasonably be expected to expand the selection criteria for extensive hepatic resection.
Interventional oncology: new options for interstitial treatments and intravascular approaches
Authors: Liapi Eleni , Geschwind Jean‐Francois
Published: November 2009

Recent research in tumor metabolism has uncovered cancer‐cell‐specific pathways that cancer cells depend on for energy production. 3‐Bromopyruvate (3‐BrPA), a specific alkylating agent and potent ATP inhibitor, has been shown both in vitro and in vivo to disrupt some of these cancer‐specific metabolic pathways, thereby leading to the demise of the cancer cells through apoptosis. 3‐BrPA has been successfully tested in animal models of liver cancer. For optimal results, 3‐BrPA can be delivered intra‐arterially, with minimal toxicity to the surrounding hepatic parenchyma. In the era of development of drugs with lower toxicity for the treatment of liver cancer, inhibition of cancer metabolism with 3‐BrPA appears to be a very attractive potent novel therapeutic option.
Early and Sustained Enrichment of Serum n‐3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Dogs Fed a Flaxseed Supplemented Diet
Authors: Dunbar Brent L. , Bigley Karen E. , Bauer John E.
Published: November 2009

A study was conducted in dogs to assess n‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation after feeding an α‐linolenic (ALA)‐rich flaxseed supplemented diet (FLX) for 84 days. Serum total phospholipids (PL), triacylglycerol (TG), and cholesteryl esters (CE) were isolated at selected times and fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed. Increased LA was seen in the FLX‐PL fraction after 28 days and an expected decrease in PL–AA. Enrichment of ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid n‐3 (DPAn‐3) in the FLX‐group occurred early on (day 4) in both PL and TG fractions but no docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was found, consistent with data from other species including humans. In contrast, no accumulation of DPAn‐3 was seen in serum‐CE, suggesting that this fatty acid does not participate in reverse‐cholesterol transport. The accumulation of DPAn‐3 in fasting PL and TG fractions is likely due to post‐absorptive secretion after tissue synthesis. Because conversion of DPAn‐3 to DHA occurs in canine neurologic tissues, this DPAn‐3 may provide a circulating reservoir for DHA synthesis in such tissues. The absence of DPAn‐3 in serum‐CE suggests that such transport may be unidirectional. Although conversion of DPAn‐3 to DHA is slow in most species, one‐way transport of DPAn‐3 in the circulation may help conserve this fatty acid as a substrate for DHA synthesis in brain and retinal tissues especially when dietary intakes of DHA are low.