bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small-World Brain Functional Networks in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Revealed by EEG Synchrony
Authors: Liu Tian , Chen Yanni , Lin Pan , Wang Jue
Published: April 2014

We investigated the topologic properties of human brain attention-related functional networks associated with Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT) performance using electroencephalography (EEG). Data were obtained from 13 children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 13 normal control children. Functional connectivity between all pairwise combinations of EEG channels was established by calculating synchronization likelihood (SL). The cluster coefficients and path lengths were computed as a function of degree K. The results showed that brain attention functional networks of normal control subjects had efficient small-world topologic properties, whereas these topologic properties were altered in ADHD. In particular, increased local characteristics combined with decreased global characteristics in ADHD led to a disorder-related shift of the network topologic structure toward ordered networks. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis of dysfunctional segregation and integration of the brain in ADHD, and enhance our understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism of this illness.
Documenting Lifestyle Medicine Activities
Authors: Lenz Thomas L.
Published: April 2014

The release of the new practice guidelines for blood cholesterol in 2013 has placed an increased emphasis on the importance of lifestyle medicine to reduce cardiovascular risk. This may lead more patients and health care professions toward the adoption of lifestyle medicine practices. Documenting lifestyle medicine practices will soon emerge as an important component of the success of lifestyle medicine practices and ultimately patient outcomes. This article briefly discusses lifestyle medicine vital signs, charting lifestyle medicine, and the importance of electronic medical records in the communication of lifestyle medicine practices.
The Cholesterol-Lowering Potential of Whole Grains
Authors: Davis Kristin E.
Published: April 2014

Diet is a contributing factor in the risk, development, and progression of cardiovascular disease. Emphasizing whole grain intake in a heart healthy diet is sometimes overlooked. Whole grains confer cardioprotective benefits and those whole grains higher in soluble, or viscous, fiber aid in the reduction of serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Whole grains contain all 3 parts of the grain kernel, and the unique combination of nutrients and phytochemicals inherent in all 3 parts of the kernel account for the many health benefits of whole grains. Health care providers have the opportunity to influence whole grain intake. By highlighting the health benefits associated with whole grain consumption and offering practical tips to help identify and add more whole grains to the diet, patients will be better equipped and more apt to increase their whole grain intake.
A longitudinal analysis of parent and teacher ratings of problem behavior in boys with and without developmental delays
Authors: Will Meredith N , Wilson Beverly J
Published: April 2014

This study investigated parent and teacher ratings of behavior problems in children with and without intellectual disabilities at three time points over the course of 9 years. The group of children with intellectual disabilities (IDs) had higher behavior problem ratings than the group of children with no IDs (NIDs) across the three time points. Parents and teachers generally agreed on behavior, with the exception of attention problems and externalizing problems. The ratings of problem behavior remained stable over the three time points. Our findings imply that children with ID may be more likely to be perceived as having greater externalizing behaviors by teachers than by parents and that parents may perceive children as having greater attention problems than teachers. For the majority of the subscales, the lack of differences between parent and teacher ratings over time implies relative stability of ratings over a 9-year period from young childhood through adolescence for individuals with and without ID.
Safety and tolerability of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum and fasciectomy for Dupuytren’s contracture
Authors: Peimer C. A. , Wilbrand S. , Gerber R. A. , Chapman D. , Szczypa P. P.
Published: April 2014

Safety was evaluated for collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) based on 11 clinical trials ( N = 1082) and compared with fasciectomy data in a structured literature review of 48 European studies ( N = 7727) for treatment of Dupuytren’s contracture. Incidence of adverse events was numerically lower with CCH vs. equivalent complications from fasciectomy (median [range] incidence), including nerve injury (0% vs. 3.8% [0%−50+%]), neurapraxia (4.4% vs. 9.4% [0%−51.3%]), complex regional pain syndrome (0.1% vs. 4.5% [1.3%−18.5%]) and arterial injury (0% vs. 5.5% [0.8%−16.5%]). Tendon injury (0.3% vs. 0.1% [0%−0.2%]), skin injury (16.2% vs. 2.8% [0%−25.9%]) and haematoma (77.7% vs. 2.0% [0%−25%]) occurred at a numerically higher incidence with CCH than surgery. Adverse events in CCH trials not reported after fasciectomy included peripheral oedema; extremity pain; injection site pain, haemorrhage and swelling; tenderness; pruritus and lymphadenopathy. CCH-related adverse events were reported as predominantly injection-related and transient. These results may support clinical decision-making for treatment of Dupuytren’s contracture.
A simple, safe and reliable surgical landmark for medial epicondylectomy
Authors: Smith Geoffrey CS , McCann Philip S , Clark Damian , Amirfeyz Rouin
Published: April 2014

Background

Various surgical strategies have been described for the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome, including medial epicondylectomy. This aims to decompress the ulnar nerve and allow a ‘mini anterior transposition’. The major concern over medial epicondylectomy is the potential for postoperative iatrogenic valgus instability.

Methods

We utilized a surgical landmark for medial epicondylectomy based on the medial aspect of the ulnar nerve with the elbow in 90° of flexion in 12 cadaveric upper limbs. The size of the resultant fragment was measured and, subsequently, the medial collateral ligament was dissected and the elbow stressed to assess its integrity.

Results

This technique resulted in the excision of a fragment of mean width 8 mm (range 6 mm to 11 mm) and allowed the ulnar nerve to smoothly translate anteriorly in flexion. The anterior band of the ulnar collateral ligament was macroscopically preserved in all cases and there was no valgus instability.

Conclusions

The medial border of the ulnar nerve is a simple, safe and reliable surgical landmark for medial epicondylectomy. This technique offers advantages over other described methods of assessing the location at which to perform a medial epicondylectomy.
Current Concepts
Authors: Wolfstadt Jesse I. , Cole Brian J. , Ogilvie-Harris Darrell J. , Viswanathan Sowmya , Chahal Jaskarndip
Published: April 2014

Context:

The number of adults with osteoarthritis in the United States is expected to nearly double from 21.4 million in 2005 to 41.1 million by 2030. As a result, medical costs and associated comorbidity will exponentially increase in the coming decades. In the past decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a novel treatment for degenerative joint disease.

Evidence Acquisition:

PubMed (from 1990 to 2013) was searched to identify relevant studies. Reference lists of included studies were also reviewed.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Results:

We identified 9 animal and 7 human studies investigating the use of MSCs in the treatment of osteoarthritis, with varying levels of support for this therapy.

Conclusion:

While MSCs have shown potential for improving function and decreasing inflammation in animal studies, translation to patients is still in question. There is a great deal of heterogeneity in treatment methods. Standardizing the manufacturing and characterization of MSCs will allow for better comparisons.
Early detection of acute graft‐versus‐host disease by wireless capsule endoscopy and probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy: results of a pilot study
Authors: Coron Emmanuel , Laurent Valerie , Malard Florent , Le Rhun Marc , Chevallier Patrice , Guillaume Thierry , Mosnier Jean-François , Galmiche Jean-Paul , Mohty Mohamad
Published: April 2014

Objective

Acute gastrointestinal graft‐versus‐host disease (GI‐GVHD) is usually diagnosed using endoscopic examinations and biopsies for conventional histology. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether mini‐invasive techniques such as probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) combined with wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) could detect early lesions of GI‐GVHD prior to symptoms.

Design

Fifteen patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) were prospectively examined with a small bowel WCE, duodenal and colorectal pCLE, and standard biopsies. Per study protocol, all these examinations were scheduled between day 21 and day 28 after allo‐HSCT, independently of the presence or absence of digestive symptoms.

Results

During follow up, eight patients developed acute GI‐GVHD. Sensitivity of WCE, pCLE, and histology were 50, 87.5, and 50%, respectively. Specificity of WCE, pCLE, and histology were 80, 71.5, and 80%, respectively. We showed a positive correlation between the Glücksberg scoring system and WCE (rho  = 0.543, p  = 0.036) and pCLE (rho  = 0.727, p  = 0.002) but not with standard histology (rho  = 0.481, p  = 0.069).

Conclusions

The results from this pilot study suggest that novel methods such as pCLE and WCE could be part of a mini‐invasive algorithm for early detection of GI‐GVHD.
Does pre-industrial warming double the anthropogenic total?
Authors: Ruddiman William , Vavrus Steve , Kutzbach John , He Feng
Published: April 2014

According to the early anthropogenic hypothesis, land clearing and agriculture caused emissions of greenhouse gases to begin to alter climate as early as 7000 years ago (Ruddiman, 2003). Climate-model simulations based on the CO2 and CH4 concentrations proposed in the hypothesis suggest that humans caused a global mean warming of 0.9 to 1.5°C before the start of the industrial era. Additional pre-industrial effects on land surface reflectance (changes in albedo resulting from forest clearance) may have cooled climate enough to cancel 0.2 to 0.3°C of this warming effect, leaving a net early anthropogenic warming contribution of between 0.7°C and 1.2°C. This proposed early anthropogenic warming is comparable with, and likely larger than, the measured 0.85°C warming during the last 150 years. If the simulations based on the early anthropogenic hypothesis are correct, total anthropogenic warming has been twice or more the industrial amount registered to date.
Contingencies of the Anthropocene: Lessons from the ‘Neolithic’
Authors: Head Lesley
Published: April 2014

The emerging Anthropocene concept contains two conceptual challenges: its developing narrative tends to present a teleological view of history as linear and deterministic, which is at odds with evidence of evolutionary and historical contingency; and the species category at its core sits uneasily with both the causal details of historical changes and the complexity of conceptualizing human–nature relations. We can learn from the ways similar challenges have been dealt with in the long debate over the origins of agriculture. A body of critical and empirical scholarship now conceptualizes agriculture in more dynamic, contingent terms, but has dealt less well with the second, more difficult, challenge. To realize the Anthropocene’s potential to suggest restorative and less fatalistic approaches to the future, we need to work as hard on the concepts as on their constitutive empirical evidence.
Secondary Analysis of National Longitudinal Transition Study 2 Data
Authors: Hicks Tyler A. , Knollman Greg A.
Published: April 2014

This review examines published secondary analyses of National Longitudinal Transition Study 2 (NLTS2) data, with a primary focus upon statistical objectives, paradigms, inferences, and methods. Its primary purpose was to determine which statistical techniques have been common in secondary analyses of NLTS2 data. The review begins with an examination of past knowledge about statistical trends in special education research and follows with a summary of results. Researchers most often used logistic regression analysis or tests of group mean differences. Null hypothesis testing was the primary inferential approach and few researchers used multilevel modeling to take into account the longitudinal design of the NLTS2 data set. By learning about past approaches to analyzing NLTS2 data, future researchers may explore alternative statistical procedures in secondary analysis of the NLTS2 data set to inform the knowledge base.
Shear localisation modelling of friction stir weld formation process
Authors: Pei X. J. , Dong P. S.
Published: April 2014

This paper presents a shear localisation model for studying friction stir welding (FSW) formation process. With this model, shear band (SB) width, SB formation time, and SB propagation speed can be theoretically estimated. The SB propagation speed in this context serves as a theoretical estimate of the maximum welding speed possible for a given material and prescribed welding conditions, such as stir pin rotation speed and torque level. The model is shown to provide reasonable estimates of shear localisation parameters against a set of recent experimental data on FSW of titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V. With this model, titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V, high strength low-alloy steel 4340, and aluminium alloy 2024 are compared in terms of shear localisation parameters, such as maximum SB propagation speeds (or welding speeds).
STXBP1 promotes Weibel-Palade body exocytosis through its interaction with the Rab27A effector Slp4-a
Authors: van Breevoort Dorothee , Snijders Ambrosius P. , Hellen Nicola , Weckhuysen Sarah , van Hooren Kathinka W. E. M. , Eikenboom Jeroen , Valentijn Karine , Fernandez-Borja Mar , Ceulemans Berten , De Jonghe Peter , Voorberg Jan , Hannah Matthew , Carter Tom , Bierings Ruben
Published: April 2014

Key Points

Recruitment of STXBP1 by Slp4-a promotes Weibel-Palade body exocytosis. Ex vivo EIEE4 endothelial cells haploinsufficient for STXBP1 have impaired Weibel-Palade body exocytosis.
Immunodeficiency scoring index to predict poor outcomes in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with RSV infections
Authors: Shah Dimpy P. , Ghantoji Shashank S. , Ariza-Heredia Ella J. , Shah Jharna N. , El Taoum Katia K. , Shah Pankil K. , Nesher Lior , Hosing Chitra , Rondon Gabriela , Champlin Richard E. , Chemaly Roy F.
Published: April 2014

Key Points

An immunodeficiency scoring index for RSV-infected hematopoietic cell transplant recipients predicts the risk of pneumonia and death. This scoring index would assist in the decision-making for initiating antiviral therapy in patients at high risk for poor outcomes.
SEAM Update
Authors: Oristaglio Michael
Published: April 2014

On 29 January, production synthetic seismic simulations began on the SEAM Phase II model of unconventional shale reservoirs, now called the Barrett Unconventional Model (see Acknowledgments). The 3D rendering in Figure 1 highlights the model's major features. Structurally, it consists of three distinct regions: At the top is a near-surface zone extending from the (flat) earth-air interface to a depth of approximately 300 m; from the bottom of the near surface down to the top of the reservoir region, which is at a depth of about 2.5 km, is an overburden consisting of quasi-parallel sand, shale, and shaley-sand layers in a stratigraphic sequence that is cut by two large high-angle faults and is penetrated by a meandering stream channel. The reservoir region at the base of the model is about 1.25 km thick and consists of two organic-rich shale layers separated by a thick chalk layer.
Self-propelled Motor Driven by a Glucose Engine
Authors: Matsuda Yui , Yoshii Miyu , Suematsu Nobuhiko J , Izumi Shunsuke , Nakata Satoshi
Published: April 2014

We developed a catalytic propelled motor using the fuel source glucose, without the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in an aqueous phase. The motor was composed of a Pt foil and a filter paper with glucose oxidase (GOx). H2O2 was produced by the enzyme reaction of GOx and glucose around the motor. The speed and fluctuation of the motor increased with an increase in the concentration of glucose based on the enzyme reaction.
Endoscopic Visual and near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectral Analysis for the Recognition of Healthy Porcine Gastric and Small Intestinal Wall—A Feasibility Study
Authors: Luukkainen-Soilu Maarit K. , Bochko Vladimir , Välisuo Petri , Peltoniemi Olli A.T. , Rosenberg Per H. , Karkamo Veera , Alander Jarmo , Spillmann Thomas
Published: April 2014

Recent investigations have proved the usefulness of spectroscopy in endoscopic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract in human medicine. However, current commercially available spectroscopy methods are relatively expensive. Near infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is a more cost-effective method. To assess its applicability for gastrointestinal endoscopy in veterinary medicine, in a pilot study we tested its feasibility for the differentiation of parts of the healthy gastrointestinal wall of pigs. Both white light standard endoscopy and NIR endoscopy were performed on the corpus, antrum and duodenum of seven clinically healthy pigs. General and gastrointestinal health was assessed by history, clinical examination and post-mortem examination. The spectral values of NIR endoscopy were obtained at intervals of about 0.3 nm in the range of 195–1118 nm. The method for the analysis of endoscopically taken NIR spectra consisted of pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. After smoothing, down-sampling and feature computing, spectral data were analysed using the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) techniques. The best algorithm performance was achieved using the spectra-PCA-SVC, giving a classification rate of 0.76. Further research is needed to assess the applicability of NIR endoscopy in other species and in animals showing gastrointestinal pathology. To improve the classification rate, probe calibration must be optimised and cleanness of the gastrointestinal tract ensured.
Near Infrared Spectral Studies of Aqueous Solutions of Metal Perchlorates in Groups I A, II A, II B, III A and III B of the Periodic Table
Authors: Davidian Anna G. , Kudrev Andrey G. , Myund Lyubov A. , Khripun Maria K.
Published: April 2014

Chemometrics of NIR spectra of aqueous salt solutions M(ClO4) n, where M n+: Li+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, Sc3+, Y3+, La3+ were used to establish the effect of the cation nature on the structure of aqueous electrolytes solutions. Principal component analysis showed that near infrared (NIR) spectra of the systems under study are grouped into clusters. It was found that the values of the eutectic concentrations of aqueous salt solutions and the polarising powers of cations correlate. The combined use of NIR spectroscopy, chemometrics of the spectral data and a generalised phenomenological model of the structure of aqueous electrolytes solutions is a new approach to studying of the structure of concentrated solutions.
The algorithm choice of the quantitative composition of the equipment technological systems
Authors: Акамсина  , Akamsina N. , Сербулов  , Serbulov Yuriy , Лемешкин  , Lemeshkin A.
Published: April 2014

The paper realization of the process of selection and distribution of the "discrete" resources on the

example of the quantitative composition of the equipment and technological systems. Proposed models and

algorithms for solving the problem at the stages of synthesis system based on a modified method of normalizing functions.
Algorithmic basis of modelling and protection standard CMOS elements in the process design
Authors: Анциферова  , Antsiferova V. , Смерек  , Smerek V. , Зольников  , Zolnikov Vladimir , Евдокимова  , Evdokimova S.
Published: April 2014

Is considered a functional diagram of the algorithm of modeling and creation of failure tolerance scratch pad memory VLSI.
Theory of modeling components for systems of design automation of electronic database on the basis of synthesis of virtual reality
Authors: Лавлинский  , Lavlinskiy V.
Published: April 2014

The article describes the theoretical basics of 3D modeling components CAD electronic database on the basis of use synthesis, virtual reality language VRML.
Using Pareto to calculate the costs of disasters
Authors: Лапшин  , Lapshin D.
Published: April 2014

the method of calculation of natural disasters lie in the use of average values, hos located using Pareto for calculation of damage described by the exponential by law, taking into account the growth of the expected damage over time.
Determination of the probability of non-failure operation when structural optimization of the elements of the complex functional blocks in CAD
Authors: Орликовский  , Orlikovskiy N. , Конарев  , Konarev M. , Яньков  , Yankov A. , Зольников  , Zolnikov Konstantin , Смерек  , Smerek V. , Ачкасов  , Achkasov A.
Published: April 2014

The article considers a calculation of the probability of non-failure operation of elements of complex functional blocks in CAD, determined the effectiveness of reserve items.
Composite materials for the upper coverings railways
Authors: Батурин  , Baturin K. , Стородубцева  , Storodubtseva Tamara
Published: April 2014

The results of theoretical and experimental research of composite materials, the main components of which are furfuralcohol resin STONE and wood chips, semi-anticipated by so from waste wood complex, their composition and physical-mechanical characteristics. They used vans for technological capacities of the wood chemical industries and railway sleepers.
Mathematical model of complex functional blocks operating in the conditions of influence of radiation
Authors: Уткин  , Utkin D. , Лавлинский  , Lavlinskiy V. , Скляр  , Sklyar V.
Published: April 2014

A mathematical model of complex units with consideration of radiation exposure, the process owls aging and their mutual influence on each other. Comparison of estimated indicators of reliability, with pilot-mental data.
Auto-Fluorescence, Cellular Respiration and Modern Possibilities of Its Non-Invasive Researches (Review of Literature)
Authors: Сясин  , Syasin N. , Борисова  , Borisova O.
Published: April 2014

This review is devoted to modern non-invasive studies of cellular respiration. Characteristic fluorescence biological tissue under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, which can reflect the process of biological oxidation, is presented. The erythron importance to ensure a functional condition of an organism and part of blood cells in the respiratory chain, gas transportation and information functions is considered. The authors described the biomarkers of cell respiration and showed the complexity of modern methods of research of biological oxidation and the necessity of using low-cost techniques based on microscopic analysis. The method of laser biospectrophotometry is characterized. The evaluation method of tissue auto-fluorescence, its biological basis, the possibility of dual-channel spectrophotometer facilities – domestic and foreign, is developed and presented in this review. The importance of fiber-optic television spectrophotometry in the noninvasive determination of cellular respiration in living organisms is proved. The authors gave a footnote to works, confirming the practical diagnostic significance of the definition of auto-fluorescence.
Application of the Method for Generalised Estimation of the Public Health Factors (Review of Literature)
Authors: Титов  , Titov I.
Published: April 2014

The paper presents the review of various methods for generalized estimation of the public health parameters, which are based on the principle of regulation of deviations from normative factors and are used in the management activities.  The different algorithms for generalized evaluation of the health factors are given. The considered techniques suppose the choice of indicators on the basic directions of activity, tasks of the normative values of the selected indicators. This corresponds to the task of achieving the required values of the indicators in the reporting period, the calculation of current (achieved) health factors, the comparison of the current and normative factors of health on the one given in this paper the methods of calculation of the generalized evaluation and the level of achievement of result. The calculation is realized with provision for value chosen for calculation of the factors, including in the manner of functions. Methods of generalized evaluation of health factors can be used in the management activities of the health institutions and territorial public health, as well as on separate directions of their activity. By means of these techniques it is possible to evaluate the activities for improving health indicators. The advanced multivariate analysis based on generalized evaluation of health factors can be carried out, including on the basis of the algebraic models of constructive logic.
The State of Functional Systems of the Human Body According to the Mathematical Modeling of Age Features
Authors: Филатов  , Filatov M. , Хадарцева  , Khadartseva K. , Еськов  , Eskov Valeriy , Филатова  , Filatova O. , Еськов  , Eskov Valeriy
Published: April 2014

In this paper the relevance of the study of age features of the organism on the basis of modern biophysical approaches and mathematical modeling is justified. The study purpose was to establish the patterns of behavior parameters of quasi-attractors of cardiovascular system in the pupils of the Surgut schools in the multidimensional phase space of states. The results of monitoring surveys in 2038 persons with the use conventional and new synergetic approaches were used and treated mathematically. The importance of mathematical modeling for obtaining objective information proved. It is established that there is a predominance of activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, regardless of the time of year and profile of education, more expressed age stability body systems in the pupils of gymnasium compared with a secondary school. The authors have identified nine times greater severity of seasonal changes of the vegetative-vascular regulation in the pupils of secondary school in comparison with the pupils of gymnasium on the basis of the dynamics of their quasi-attractors.
Role of Social Hygiene Research in Health Assessment Premature Infants
Authors: Уйба  , Uyba V. , Торубаров  , Torubarov S.
Published: April 2014

Maintaining the health of children, especially those born prematurely, is one of the major challenges of modern society. For more information about the health of premature babies need to use different methods of statistics. In this regard, social and hygienic studies play an indispensable role, as cover all aspects of human activity.
Research Note—How Semantics and Pragmatics Interact in Understanding Conceptual Models
Authors: Bera Palash , Burton-Jones Andrew , Wand Yair
Published: April 2014

Underlying the design of any information system is an explicit or implicit conceptual model of the domain that the system supports. Because of the importance of such models, researchers and practitioners have long focused on how best to construct them. Past research on constructing conceptual models has generally focused on their semantics (their meaning), to discover how to convey meaning more clearly and completely, or their pragmatics (the importance of context in model creation and use), to discover how best to create or use a model in a given situation. We join these literatures by showing how semantics and pragmatics interact. Specifically, we carried out an experiment to examine how the importance of clear semantics in conceptual models—operationalized in terms of ontological clarity—varies depending on the pragmatics of readers' knowledge of the domain shown in the model. Our results show that the benefit of ontological clarity on understanding is concave downward (follows an inverted-U) as a function of readers' prior domain knowledge. The benefit is greatest when readers have moderate knowledge of the domain shown in the model. When readers have high or low domain knowledge, ontological clarity has no apparent benefit. Our study extends the theory of ontological clarity and emphasizes the need to construct conceptual models with readers' knowledge in mind.
Resource Dependence Dynamics: Partner Reactions to Mergers
Authors: Rogan Michelle , Greve Henrich R.
Published: April 2014

Research on resource dependence typically takes a static view in which actions and outcomes are determined structurally, but not as responses to the actions of the counterparty in an exchange relation. By contrast, this study addresses a question of power dynamics by examining whether mergers of organizations trigger responses from their common exchange partners. We predict that common exchange partners respond by withdrawing from the relationship and that their responses vary with the availability of alternatives, the value of the relationship, and the relationship history. Using data on advertising agencies, we show that mergers of agencies do trigger reactions from their common clients, and the reactions differ with agency and client characteristics. Extending existing theory and evidence, our results suggest that firms respond to the dynamics of exchange relationships and not only to their structure.
Divisive Faultlines and the Unplanned Dissolutions of Multipartner Alliances
Authors: Heidl Ralph A. , Steensma H. Kevin , Phelps Corey
Published: April 2014

Received wisdom suggests that multipartner alliances are relatively unstable because of their complexity and the increased potential for free riding. Nonetheless, multipartner alliances do benefit from built-in stabilizing third-party ties that mitigate opportunism and conflict between partner pairs. Previous empirical research on multipartner alliance stability has been inconclusive. We shed some light on these inconsistencies by recognizing that within multipartner alliances, schisms can occur not only between a pair of partners but also between subgroups of partners that are divided by faultlines. We suggest that divisive faultlines can form between subgroups of partners within a multipartner alliance as a function of their prior experience with one another. When a subgroup of alliance partners has relatively strong ties to each other and weak ties to other partners, destabilizing factions can develop that hamper reciprocity among the partners. Using a longitudinal analysis of 59 multipartner alliances, we found that, in general, faultlines (as modeled by the dispersion of tie strength within multipartner alliances) increase the hazard of unplanned dissolutions. We also found that multipartner alliances comprising a mix of centrally and peripherally positioned partners within the industry network were less apt to suffer the effects of divisive faultlines. We suggest that this is due to the greater opportunity costs of dissolution and the presence of relatively high-status partners who can act as peacekeepers and coordinators of their lower-status partners.
Is Negative Attention Better Than No Attention? The Comparative Effects of Ostracism and Harassment at Work
Authors: O'Reilly Jane , Robinson Sandra L. , Berdahl Jennifer L. , Banki Sara
Published: April 2014

Ostracism has been recognized as conceptually and empirically distinct from harassment. Drawing from theory and research that suggests that employees have a strong need to belong in their organizations, we examine the comparative frequency and impact of ostracism and harassment in organizations across three field studies. Study 1 finds that a wide range of employees perceive ostracism, compared with harassment, to be more socially acceptable, less psychologically harmful, and less likely to be prohibited in their organization. Study 2 surveyed employees from a variety of organizations to test our theory that ostracism is actually a more harmful workplace experience than harassment. Supporting our predictions, compared with harassment, ostracism was more strongly and negatively related to a sense of belonging and to various measures of employee well-being and work-related attitudes. We also found that the effects of ostracism on well-being and work-related attitudes were at least partially mediated by a sense of belonging. Study 3 replicated the results of Study 2 with data collected from employees of a large organization and also investigated the comparative impact of ostracism and harassment on employee turnover. Ostracism, but not harassment, significantly predicted actual turnover three years after ostracism and harassment were assessed, and this was mediated by a sense of belonging (albeit at p < 0.10). Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
A review of Innovative Chemical Drawing and Spectra Prediction Computer Software
Authors: Kaushik Manish
Published: April 2014

In recent years there has been an increasing research emphasis on complex macromolecular systems. These include polymers and coordination compounds with precise control of structures, multicomponent systems with higher degrees of organization, they involved in confined environments, nanochemistry and nanostructures, biopolymers and bio-inspired chemistry. Successful Spectroscopic studies of these complexes require judicious applications of existing techniques and development of new or improved strategies and methodologies. In this article various Chemical drawing and Spectra prediction computer software are compared and analyzed for their role in research in complex macromolecular systems. We have compared various software like Accelrys (Symyx) Draw, ChemDraw (ChemBioDraw), DrawIt, ChemSketch, ChemDoodle, Chemistry 4-D Draw, MarvinSketch and MestreNova NMR Predict.
“How do I tell my children about what my mum’s like?” Conflict and dilemma in experiences of adult family members caring for a problem-drinking parent
Authors: Hodges Mandi , Copello Alex
Published: April 2014

Previous research on the effects of alcohol abuse on family members has primarily focused on spouses, parents or young children of problem drinkers. The study on which this article is based explored the experiences of adults with children who were also providing care for a problem-drinking parent. Individual interviews were conducted with six female participants. A qualitative analysis of the interviews identified three conflicts or dilemmas that the participants faced: ‘normative expectations or notions of family versus experience’, ‘emotional detachment versus strong emotion’ and ‘functional/practical contact versus emotional/relational contact’. Implications for alcohol support services are discussed and recommendations are proposed.
«Metabolicheskaya» khirurgiya
Authors: Yashkov Yu I , Ershova E V
Published: April 2014

Despite the developed methods of diet therapy in obesity and a variety of pharmacotherapy drugs for type 2 diabetes up to 60%
of patients cannot maintain weight loss within 5 years of observation and more than 60% of patients with type 2 diabetes do not achieve
adequate diabetes control. With morbid obesity the efficacy of conservative therapy is only 5-10%. Bariatric surgery has demonstrated
a significant potential in compensation of obesity-related disorders, including type 2 diabetes.
Antidiabeticheskiy biguanid metforminkak geroprotektor i antikantserogen
Authors: Anisimov V N
Published: April 2014

Growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/insulin, DAF-2 and insulin-receptor control life span in various species
including human. It is possible that the life-prolonging effect of calorie restriction is due to a decrease in IGF-1 levels. A search for pharmacological
modulators of life-span-extending mutations in the GH/IGF-1/insulin signaling pathway and mimetics of caloric restriction is a priority
direction in the regulation of longevity. Some literature and our own observations suggest that antidiabetic drugs could be promising candidates
for both life span extension and prevention of cancer
Parametry metabolizma i gemostazapri endogennom giperkortitsizme s narusheniemuglevodnogo obmena
Authors: Petrik G G , Pavlishchuk S A
Published: April 2014

The aim of the study was to determine peculiarities of protein and lipid metabolism as well as platelet-coagulation hemostasis
depending on the pathogenesis of the endogenous hypercortisolism and assessment of the impact of chronic hyperglycemia
on studied parameters. Materials and methods. The study included 19 patients with pituitary microadenomas with median age of
45,0 (41; 49) years and 9 patients with nodular adrenal gland hyperplasia aged 49,5 (42; 57) years, 14 of whom had diabetes mellitus.
Results. Biochemical and coagulation parameters in patients with endogenous hyperpercortisolism regardless of ethiology Cushing`s
syndrome differed from the control group in increased concentration of total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density
lipoproteins, alpha2-globulins and decreased gamma globulins, as well as in increased average volume of platelets and enhanced aggregation
properties. Carbohydrate metabolism disorders were not characterized by significant differences in metabolic parameters
and platelet hemostasis, but were accompanied by the reduction of APTT.
Sovremennye aspekty lecheniya metabolicheskogosindroma
Authors: Plokhaya A A
Published: April 2014

It is known that the metabolic syndrome precedes the occurrence of cardiovascular pathology and type 2 diabetes, and increases
the risk for the associated death. However, this condition is reversible, and may be cured, or the reduction of its main symptoms could
be observed. The article demonstrates the current approach to the therapy of the metabolic syndrome.
Ozhirenie v detskom vozraste:vozmozhnosti primeneniya amerikanskogokonsensusa v rossiyskoy praktike
Authors: Vitebskaya A V
Published: April 2014

We have analyzed the opportunity to use in Russian practice An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline: Prevention
and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity. The document contains exact statements on diagnostic criteria of obesity and overweight, clarification
of basic principles of investigation, detailed therapeutic recommendations, considerations on obesity prophylaxis problem. All recommendations
are given according to the evidence database existing to the moment of guideline development. The guidelines are found
to be comfortable to use by clinicians taking in consideration a few limitations. Clarifications in international pediatric percentile body
mass index charts usage, nomenclature specifications, and pharmacotherapy with drugs non-approved for children are necessary.
Variabel'nost' bazal'nykh urovney grelinau lits s razlichnymi narusheniyami uglevodnogo obmenapri metabolicheskom sindrome
Authors: Chernysh O V , Mokhort T V
Published: April 2014

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Ozhirenie i onkologicheskie zabolevaniya: staraya problema v novom svete
Authors: Bershteyn L M
Published: April 2014

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Lipomatoz mezhpredserdnoy peregorodkii epikardial'nyy zhir: klinicheskoe znachenie
Authors: Solov'eva A V , Vulekh V M , Yakushina M S , Trufanov K V , Rakita D R
Published: April 2014

The study was undertaken to investigate the clinical, biochemical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic correlations of lipomatosis of
interatrial septum (atrial septum thickness more than 1 cm) and visualized epicardial fat. The prevalence of excessive body weight and abdominal
obesity, atherogenic changes in the lipid profile were revealed in 87 patients. The range of atrial septum thickness was 11-17 mm, lipomatosis
of interatrial septum was revealed in 85% of patients. The epicardial fat was present in 39 patients (44,8%). During Holter monitoring of ECG
supraventricular arrhythmias were registrated more frequent in patients with lipomatosis of interatrial septum. The results of correlative analysis
demonstrate correlation of atrial septum thickness in patients with lipomatosis with changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, with left
ventricle hyperthrophy and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. Presence of epicardial fat correlates with abdominal obesity, diastolic
dysfunction and hyperthrophy of left ventricle. The findings indicate that lipomatosis of interatrial septum and epicardial fat may serve as markers
of metabolic syndrome.
Avtomatizirovannyy elektrokhemilyuminestsentnyy metod opredeleniya kortizola v slyune dlya diagnostiki endogennogo giperkortitsizma sredi patsientov s ozhireniem
Authors: Belaya Zhanna Evgenyevna , Il'in Aleksandr Viktorovich , Mel'nichenko Galina Afanasyevna , Rozhinskaya Lyudmila Yakovlevna , Dragunova N V , Dzeranova Larisa Konstantinovna , Ogneva Natalya Aleksandrovna , Butrova S A , Troshina Ekaterina Anatolyevna , Kolesnikova G S , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich
Published: April 2014

Nighttime salivary cortisol (NSC) has been suggested to be a useful diagnostic test for Cushings syndrome (CS). However, the reference range and cut-off value are assay-specific and discordant. The goal of this study was to assess the analytical performance of automated elecrochemiluminiscence immunoassay method (ECLIA) in CS. Ninety eight healthy volunteers and 123 obese patients including 45 proved to be CS provided salivary samples collected by them at 23:00 using Sallivette. Two hundred and five subjects collected salivary samples for two consecutive days and samples from 197 subjects were frozen to perform Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Obese patients underwent the 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (1-DST). CS was confirmed by the histologic diagnosis after surgical treatment or autopsy. The reference range for healthy volunteer has been set 0,5-9,4 nmol/l. Reproducibility was assessed in all subjects by a day-to-day variability and reflected by an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0,785. The cut-off value of 9,4 nmol/l has been suggested to differentiate CS among obese patients to achieve sensitivity of 84,4% (95%confidence interval 71,2-92,2%); specificity of 92,3% (95%CI 84,2-96,4%) and diagnostic odds ratio 65,1 (95% CI 20,4-207,6). Likelihood ratio positive was 11,0 (95% CI 5,0-23,9), with a likelihood ratio negative of 0,17 (95%CI 0,08-0,33). The comparison of the total areas under the ROC-curve for the measurement of NSC once, twice with mean level by ECLIA, the same samples by ELISA and 1-DST have not shown any statistically significant difference among the tests performance. Conclusion: Based on its remarkable reproducibility, easy noninvasive nature, automated assay and at least similar diagnostic performance, NSC measured by ECLIA on Cobas e601 is a preferable first-line screening test for CS.
Lechenie sakharnogo diabeta 2 tipa ingibitorami dipeptidilpeptidazy-4
Authors: Galstyan G R
Published: April 2014

Type 2 diabetes is difficult to manage and multiple therapeutic approach are usually needed. Moreover, addition to the initial
treatment of most currently available oral antidiabetic agents increases the risk of hypoglycaemia and causes a weight gain. Dipeptidyl
peptidase-IV inhibitors improve glycaemic control by increasing pancreatic beta cell responsiveness to glucose and suppressing inappropriate
glucagon secretion. This article summarizes the data from randomized clinical trial in which efficacy and safety of vildagliptin were
assessed.
Izbytochnyy ves i ozhirenie - problema meditsinskaya, a ne kosmeticheskaya
Authors: Ivleva A Ya , Burkov S G
Published: April 2014

The article covers the issues of epidemiology, considering the classification of obesity, the risks of development of various somatic diseases related to overweight and obesity. The results of clinical studies of orlistat use in the treatment of obese patients are reported.
Rasprostranennost' narusheniy svertyvayushchey i protivosvertyvayushchey sistem krovi u zhenshchin s metabolicheskim sindromom v postmenopauze
Authors: Berkovskaya M A , Butrova S A
Published: April 2014

The object of the study was to assess the prevalence of prothrombotic alterations in coagulant and anticoagulant systems among
postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and to determine the associations between these abnormalities and main anthropometric
measures and parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. Cross-sectional observational study included 55 postmenopausal women
(age 45-65) with metabolic syndrome. Coagulant system was assessed by measurement of parameters of plasma haemostasis (prothrombin
index, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), thrombin time, fibrinogen concentration), and the activities of coagulant factors
VII (FVII) and VIII (FVIII) in plasma. In order to investigate the functioning of anticoagulant system the activities of antithrombin III
and anticoagulant system of protein C were measured. Prothrombotic alterations were observed in 81,5% women. The APTT was decreased
in 14,5%, hyperfibrinogenemia was revealed in 42,6%, the increased activity of FVII - in 50,9%, and the decreased activity
of protein C system - in 23,9%. There were a significant positive associations between some of revealed prothrombotic alterations and
anthropometric and biochemical markers of visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome (parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism).
There were no any associations between haemostatic indices and age. In conclusion, there is an evidence of high prevalence of different
prothrombotic alterations in coagulant and anticoagulant systems among postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic
syndrome in postmenopause is associated with the development of prothrombotic state independently of age.
Spirograficheskie kharakteristiki patsientov s KhOBL i metabolicheskim sindromom v zavisimosti ot massy tela
Authors: Ryazanov A S , Kireev S A , Eremenko N N
Published: April 2014

It is known that low body mass index is a statistically significant predictor of death rate in patients with COPD. The purpose of
our research comprised in evaluation of peculiarities of respiratory function parameters in patients with COPD and metabolic syndrome
depending on body mass index. All patients were divided into groups: those who have only COPD, those who have combination of COPD
and metabolic syndrome, they were subdivided into 3 subgroups, depending on body mass index (with normal body mass index, excess
body mass index, and obesity). As a result of the research, it was found out that emphysematous respiratory disorders prevailed among
patients with COPD and normal body mass index. Symptoms of obstructive bronchitis were found in patients with combination of COPD
and metabolic syndrome, and excess body mass index values.
Individualizatsiya terapii tsentral'nogo nesakharnogo diabeta: klinicheskiy sluchay primeneniya preparata «Presayneks»
Authors: Pigarova E A , Dzeranova L K , Rozhinskaya L Ya
Published: April 2014

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) - a severe disease with disturbance of arginine vasopressin secretion, with excretion of large
amounts of hypotonic urine, which leads to dehydration and thirst. Desmopressin, a synthetic analog of arginine vasopressin, is used to
compensate a water-electrolyte balance in patients with CDI is available in forms of intranasal spray and tablets. Herein we present a
clinical case of a patient with longstanding CDI due to Langerhans cell hystiocytosis in childhood who received different medications
for treatment of CDI symptoms that demonstrates variable efficiency and tolerance of these drugs.