bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening of pure silica zeolites with high ethane/ethylene separation selectivity by simulations and experiments
Authors: Zhang Peixin , Hu Jianbo , Zhou Dengzhuo , Lu Xiaofei , Yang Lifeng , Chen Liyuan , Suo Xian , Cui Xili , Xing Huabin
Published: December 2024

The advancement of ethane (C2H6)‐selective materials offers the potential for developing energy‐efficient adsorptive separation processes to obtain high‐purity ethylene (C2H4) directly. However, these materials still suffer challenges of low selectivity, high cost, and poor stability. Herein, we presented a commercially scalable and stable MFI topology zeolite material (TS‐1) with excellent ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST) selectivity (2.07) and separation potential (0.64 mmol g−1). Polymer‐grade ethylene (99.9%) could be afforded with the productivity of 11.5 L kg−1 through the adsorption column packed with TS‐1 material. Additionally, pure silica zeolite with DOH topology with excellent IAST selectivity (2.93) and separation potential (1.64 mmol g−1) was discovered by high‐throughput screening via the combination of experiments and simulations. These findings highlight that pure silica zeolites hold promise as C2H6‐selective adsorbents for large‐scale implementation for one‐step C2H4 purification.
Advanced downstream processing for sustainable ethyl acetate production by fermentation
Authors: Janković Tamara , Straathof Adrie J. J. , Kiss Anton A.
Published: December 2024

Ethyl acetate is a platform chemical conventionally obtained through fossil fuel routes, but more recently its production by fermentation from carbohydrates has been scaled up to a pilot scale. Yet, the complexity of downstream processing (low product concentrations in liquid broth and in off‐gas, azeotrope formation, and the presence of microorganisms) may complicate industrial application. This original theoretical study is the first to develop advanced downstream processing, based on process intensification principles, for large‐scale recovery (~10 kton/year) of ethyl acetate after fermentation. To minimize product losses, ethyl acetate is separated from both the liquid broth and off‐gas. The final purification is performed in a highly integrated azeotropic dividing‐wall column. The economic and sustainability analysis shows that using refrigeration for initial product separation from the gas phase is more cost‐effective (~0.61 $/kg) and less energy‐intensive (2.20–2.40 kWthh/kg) than compression combined with high‐pressure condensation using chilled water (1.09 $/kg and 9.98 kWthh/kg).
Stabilizing *OH intermediate by fabricating Ni3N‐MoN for scalable 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural electrooxidation
Authors: Yang Shaowei , Guo Ying , Yang Jie , Gao Runze , Liao Zhibei , Shen Haidong , Wang Haoxi , Jiang Lifeng , Han Buxing , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Hepeng
Published: December 2024

Achieving large‐scale coupling of organic electrooxidation and the hydrogen evolution reaction, while understanding the competition between organic electrooxidation and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is a significant challenge. In this study, using Ni3N‐MoN/NF, an efficient heterojunction electrocatalyst as both anode and cathode in a 50 cm2 continuous flow reactor, we achieved a total current of ~20 A at 2.6 V. This resulted in the highest single‐pass 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural conversion efficiency (0.049 mmol cm−2 min−1) and gram‐level production of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid. Theoretical studies revealed that MoN accelerated *OH formation and increased its deprotonation energy barrier, leading to *OH accumulation, effectively promoting organic electrooxidation and inhibiting OER. We anticipate that our foundation in understanding the reaction mechanism and catalyst design strategy can be extended to a wider range of anodic oxidation reactions.
Identifying enablers and barriers to teleultrasound use for remote settings: A scoping review
Authors: Anderson Aubree , Theophanous Rebecca G
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Purpose

Teleultrasound connects expert point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) users with remote community and rural sites. Evolving technologies including handheld devices, upgraded image quality, and the ability to transmit over low bandwidth connections increase POCUS education, accessibility, and clinical integration. Potential teleultrasound venues include low‐resource settings, prehospital care, and austere environments (high altitudes, microgravity, conflict zones, etc.). This scoping review assesses current teleultrasound uses and identifies implementation enablers and barriers.

Methods

Using the PRISMA‐ScR checklist, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched on 16 August 2024 for teleultrasound studies. Two reviewers independently screened results and abstracted data using a data collection table. 165 articles met the following inclusion criteria: research studies describing teleultrasound, involving humans, including healthcare workers, with remote point‐of‐care or medical ultrasound use, in any setting, and in English.

Results

Teleultrasound studies were reported in most specialties and across all continents. Most were prospective (100 studies), review articles (27), or case studies (14). Study quality was variable, with 28 high quality, 77 moderate, 54 low, and 6 very low (GRADE assessment tool). Common themes that emerged include (1) type of image transmission method utilised, (2) remote provider training and curriculum development, (3) feedback methods between expert and novice users, (4) technologies and devices used, and (5) enablers and barriers to guide future teleultrasound implementation and training strategies.

Conclusion

Overall, the teleultrasound literature is heterogeneous in setting, design, and quality outcomes. As teleultrasound technology evolves and the use expands, future studies should standardise protocols and ensure image quality fidelity to optimise remote patient care.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Decarboxylation of Oxetane‐2‐Carboxylic Acids and Unique Mechanistic Insights
Authors: McFee Elvis C. , Rykaczewski Katie A. , Schindler Corinna S.
Published: December 2024

Oxetanes are valuable motifs in medicinal chemistry applications, with demonstrated potential to serve as bioisosteres for an array of functional groups. Through the visible‐light‐mediated photoredox hydrodecarboxylation of 2‐aryl oxetane 2‐carboxylic acids this work enables access to the products of a [2+2]‐photocycloaddition between alkenes and aryl aldehydes without the challenges associated with a traditional UV‐light‐mediated Paternò‐Büchi reaction. Investigation into the hydrodecarboxylation mechanism reveals substrate‐dependent modes of initiation under the conditions reported herein. Divergence in diastereomeric outcome is observed, with mechanistic probes elucidating key hydrogen‐bonding and steric interactions.
Energy Transfer (EnT) Catalysis of Non‐Symmetrical Borylated Dienes: Origin of Reaction Selectivity in Competing EnT Processes
Authors: Fang Hao , García‐Eguizábal Alejandro , Hsueh Yu Jen , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Funes‐Ardoiz Ignacio , Molloy John J.
Published: December 2024

Energy transfer catalysis (EnT) has had a profound impact on contemporary organic synthesis enabling the construction of higher in energy, complex molecules, via efficient access to the triplet excited state. Despite this, intermolecular reactivity, and the unique possibility to access several reaction pathways via a central triplet diradical has rendered control over reaction outcomes, an intractable challenge. Extended chromophores such as non‐symmetrical dienes have the potential to undergo [2+2] cycloaddition, [4+2] cycloaddition or geometric isomerisation, which, in combination with other mechanistic considerations (site‐ and regioselectivity), results in chemical reactions that are challenging to regulate. Herein, we utilise boron as a tool to probe reactivity of non‐symmetrical dienes under EnT catalysis, paying particular attention to the impact of boron hybridisation effects on the target reactivity. Through this, a highly site‐ and regioselective [2+2] cycloaddition was realised with the employed boron motif effecting reaction efficiency. Subtle modifications to the core scaffold enabled a [4+2] cycloaddition, while a counterintuitive regiodivergence was observed in geometric isomerisation versus [2+2] cycloaddition. The observed reactivity was validated via a mechanistic investigation, determining the origin of regiodivergence and reaction selectivity in competing EnT processes.
Advanced flexible brain‐computer interfaces and devices for the exploration of neural dynamics
Authors: Zhu Pancheng , Yu Mengxia , Wu Mingzheng , Yang Yiyuan
Published: December 2024

The rapid advancement of flexible neural interfaces and devices is revolutionizing our ability to explore the neural foundations of consciousness, intelligence, and behavior. Cutting‐edge developments in materials science and system‐level integration are significantly enhancing the spatiotemporal resolution of neural signal acquisition and modulation, paving the way for next‐generation brain‐computer interfaces. These technologies enable unprecedented investigations into the causal relationships between neural dynamics and behaviors in freely moving subjects, offering new insights into various neurocognitive domains. The integration of artificial intelligence and brain organoids with neuroscience research promises to further decode complex neural signals, deepening our understanding of multilevel neural dynamics. Beyond their scientific implications, these innovations also offer transformative possibilities for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of neurological and psychiatric disorders. This perspective paper examines how flexible neural interfaces overcome the limitations of traditional neurotechnology, their potential impact on neural research, and their promising applications in treating neurological and psychiatric disorders, while also considering the ethical implications and future challenges in this rapidly evolving field.
Exploring the Function of OPTN From Multiple Dimensions
Authors: Guo Yanan , Tian Yixiao , Xia Peng , Zhou Xinyue , Hu Xiaohui , Guo Zhao , Ji Pengfei , Yuan Xinyi , Fu Daosen , Yin Keyu , Shen Rong , Wang Degui
Published: December 2024

Autophagy is an essential intracellular degradation system responsible for delivering cytoplasmic components to lysosomes. Within this intricate process, optineurin (OPTN), an autophagy receptor, has attracted extensive attention due to its multifaceted roles in the autophagy process. OPTN is regulated by various posttranslational modifications and actively participates in numerous signaling pathways and cellular processes. By exploring the regulatory mechanism of OPTN posttranslational modification, we can further understand the critical role of protein posttranslational modification in biological progress, such as autophagy. Additionally, OPTN is implicated in many human diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and infectious diseases. And we delve into the inflammatory pathways regulated by OPTN and clarify how it regulates inflammatory diseases and cancer. We aim to enhance the understanding of OPTN's multifaceted functions in cellular processes and its implications in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Solution Processable Se‐annulated Swallow Tail Perylene Bisimide Exhibiting Room Temperature Columnar Phase and Efficient Ambipolar Charge Carrier Mobility
Authors: Kumar Behera Paresh , Yadav Kajal , Roy Mrinmoy , Shankar Rao D. S. , Kumar Pandey Upendra , Sudhakar Achalkumar Ammathnadu
Published: December 2024

This study presents a selenium‐annulated perylene bisimide (PBI‐SeST) stabilizing room temperature columnar hexagonal phase with exceptionally low clearing temperature. The synthesis of this Se‐annulated PBI (PBI‐SeST) was accomplished using the reductive Cadogan cyclization method, with the introduction of swallow tails to reduce the clearing temperature and improve solubility. In addition, the charge carrier mobility of the Se‐bay annulated PBI is assessed by space charge limited current (SCLC) technique and juxtaposed with PBI as well as nitrogen and sulphur‐bay‐annulated PBIs. It is noteworthy that all these PBIs exhibited ambipolar charge carrier mobility, a characteristic that diverges from the prevailing literature where predominantly electron transport behavior was observed for PBIs. This distinguishes them as an exclusive category of solution‐processable, self‐assembling organic semiconductors.
Guest Diffusion Versus Recrystallization in A Single Crystal: Two Growing Mechanisms for Griseofulvin Clathrates
Authors: Spoletti Enrico , Diniz Mariana O. , Svärd Michael , Rasmuson Åke , Hudson Sarah P. , Lusi Matteo
Published: December 2024

Griseofulvin represents a rare case of a close‐packed organic apohost that can clathrate selected volatile guests in a solid‐gas fashion. Inclusion mechanisms and solvent exchange were investigated by a combination of single crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, coupled to optical microscopy and thermal analyses. In particular, gas diffusion and dissolution/recrystallization are alternatively observed, depending on the host polymorph, as well as the chemical nature of the guest and its physical state.
Near‐Quantitative Removal of Oxalate and Terephthalate from Water by Precipitation with a Rigid Bis‐Amidinium Compound
Authors: Goodwin Rosemary J. , Muang‐Non Phonlakrit , Tzioumis Nikki A. , Jolliffe Katrina A. , White Nicholas G.
Published: December 2024

A simple, readily‐prepared precipitant (1⋅Cl2) precipitates oxalate or terephthalate from water with very high efficacy, removing these anions at sub‐millimolar concentrations using only one equivalent of precipitant. A simple aqueous base/acid cycle can be used to regenerate 1⋅Cl2 after use. The resulting precipitates, 1⋅oxalate and 1⋅terephthalate, are anhydrous and closely‐packed, with each anion receiving eight charge‐assisted hydrogen bonds from amidinium N−H donors. Precipitation of oxalate and terephthalate occurs at much lower concentrations than other dicarboxylates, and direct competition experiments with the biologically/environmentally relevant divalent anions CO32−, HPO42− and SO42− reveal very high selectivity for oxalate or terephthalate over these competitors.
Titania immobilized over Fe‐functionalized beta and silicalite zeolites for tetracycline photocatalytic degradation under visible light
Authors: Jalloul Ghadeer , Hijazi Nour , Awala Hussein , Boyadjian Cassia , Albadarin Ahmad B. , Ahmad Mohammad N.
Published: December 2024

Titania photocatalyst is widely employed in the removal of organic pollutants from water streams. However, TiO2 suffers from agglomeration and is mostly active under UV light resulting in low system efficiency. In this study, we prepared sol–gel TiO2 immobilized on beta (BEA) and silicalite zeolites for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotics under visible light. Ferric ions were incorporated into the supported Titania photocatalyst via ion exchange method to enhance its visible light absorption. The deposition of the Titania over BEA zeolite greatly enhanced its adsorption efficiency (from 5.6% to 24%) and surface area (from 90 to 305.9 m2/g) while silicalite support only slightly affected the adsorption of Titania. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization of the photocatalysts indicated that the zeolite structure was conserved after modification and the UV–VIS DRS characterization confirmed the enhancement of visible light absorption. The TiO2/Fe‐Beta was able to degrade 100% of tetracycline (TC) in solution under blue light after 90 min compared to only 30% by TiO2/Fe‐silicalite and 28% by TiO2. When the weight percentage of TiO2 in the TiO2/Fe‐silicalite photocatalyst increased from 20% to 60%, its efficiency increased from 87% to 99% after 300 min. Similar results were also obtained under white light, where the TiO2/Fe‐Beta achieved the highest efficiency (81.5%) as compared to TiO2/Fe‐silicalite (66.6%) and TiO2 (44.7%). We attribute this enhanced performance of TiO2/Fe‐Beta to enhanced adsorption capacity due to BEA immobilization and improved visible light absorption.
Adsorptive separation of propionic acid from aqueous medium using efficient anion exchange resins in batch and fixed bed column systems
Authors: Marti Mustafa Esen , Isik Murat , Zeidan Hani
Published: December 2024

The recovery of propionic acid (PA) from aqueous medium using a strongly basic, Lewatit M‐600 (LM‐600), and a weakly basic, Lewatit MP‐62 (LMP‐62), anion exchanger was investigated. Medium conditions such as pH, temperature, PA concentration, and resin dose affected the performance of the process. The highest capacities were achieved at pH 5 and 2 with LM‐600 and LMP‐62, respectively. Equilibrium was reached in 35 min, and the process followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics for both anion exchangers. LMP‐62 was more effective at pH values lower than 5. The exothermic process was found to be spontaneous. The maximum capacities of the strong and weak basic exchangers in batch experiments were 135.7 and 363 mg/g, respectively. However, the breakthrough capacities obtained in fixed bed systems were lower than those attained in batch systems (94.75 and 123.73 mg/g for LM‐600 and LMP‐62, respectively), and the column was successfully regenerated using 0.6 M NaOH. The Freundlich isotherm model yielded the highest determination coefficients in the isotherm analysis, suggesting that physical forces between PA and resins primarily drive the process.
Synthesis of New Enantiopure Aminoalcohol Fluorenes as Promising Antimalarial Compounds
Authors: Tisnerat Camille , Schneider Jérémy , Mustière Romain , Herrero Aurélie , Momha René , Damiani Céline , Agnamey Patrice , Totet Anne , Marchivie Mathieu , Guillon Jean , Dassonville‐Klimpt Alexandra , Sonnet Pascal
Published: December 2024

Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and characterisation of a new library of enantiopure aminoalcohol fluorenes, as well as their in vitro evaluation for biological properties, including activity against two strains of P. falciparum (3D7 and W2) and cytotoxicity on the HepG2 cell line. All tested compounds exhibited good to excellent antimalarial potency with IC50 values ranging from 0.7 to 70.2 nM whatever the strain. Interestingly, most compounds showed equal or better antimalarial activity compared to the reference drugs lumefantrine, mefloquine and chloroquine. Despite moderate cytotoxicity in the micromolar range, all aminoalcohol fluorenes displayed an excellent selectivity index higher than 100 due to strong antimalarial activity. Furthermore, we report in silico analyses of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties for all compounds, highlighting the drug‐likeness of compound 10 and its promising potential for further studies.
A Multi‐Workflow Scheduling Approach With Explicit Evolutionary Multi‐Objective Multi‐Task Optimization Algorithm in Cloud Environment
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Li Bohui , Geng Shaojin , Cai Xingjuan
Published: December 2024

Workflow tasks in the cloud environment are the abstraction and decomposition of large‐scale and complex tasks in real‐world scenarios, so cloud workflow scheduling problems have important research significance. However, most of the existing cloud workflow scheduling schemes are aimed at a single workflow, and do not make reasonable use of the commonality or complementary knowledge between similar tasks. Moreover, most cloud workflow scheduling models mainly focus on a few objectives such as time or cost, which is not comprehensive enough. Therefore, this paper first proposes a multi‐objective cloud workflow scheduling model, which solves the maximum completion time, execution cost and energy consumption as three objectives during task execution. Secondly, to efficiently handle multiple similar cloud workflow scheduling tasks at the same time, this paper treats various cloud workflow scheduling issues as distinct tasks, establishes a multi‐task cloud workflow scheduling framework that aims for the same goal while accommodating workflows of differing scales, and a multi‐objective evolutionary multi‐task optimization algorithm based on elite selection (MOEMT‐ES) is designed to solve the above scheduling model. Finally, through algorithm comparison experiments on the CEC2017 evolutionary multi‐task optimization competition benchmark problem and multi‐workflow test problem, MOEMT‐ES shows superior competitiveness.
Screen time associated with substance use in young adolescents
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2024

Researchers have found that screen time was associated with alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis experimentation in young teens. With each additional hour spent on social media, texting, and video chatting, the odds of any substance experimentation went up. The study is based on data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study of the National Institutes of Health, which funded the research.
Confidentiality, clinicians, and parents in mental health care now
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2024

Right after the presidential election last fall, the outgoing pres‐ident of the American Academy of Pediatrics listed the many ways in which the organization has protected children over the past year. Keeping health insurance and access to mental health care, promot‐ing vaccine confidence, keeping children safe online, challenging bans on gender‐affirming care and reproductive health services are just some of the important protections for children.
Grid‐Forming Interlinking Converter With Fault‐Ride‐Through Capability in Islanded Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids
Authors: Shen Xia , Shen Chao , Zhao Feng , Huang Wen
Published: December 2024

With the expansion of hybrid AC/DC microgrids (MGs), the AC and DC subgrids should be able to maintain interconnection through interlinking converter (IC) under short‐circuit faults to avoid the system instability caused by power mutation. Conventional IC control methods have given insights into the current restraining between two subgrids but neglect the transient voltage/frequency support requirement, especially under islanded operation mode. This paper proposes a grid‐forming IC control with fault‐ride‐through (FRT) capability. An fn‐Pic‐Vdc control architecture is presented to regulate power exchanges among AC and DC subgrids with solid AC bus voltage supports under the premise of DC voltage stable. Additionally, the Lyapunov large disturbance stability equation is established, and the safe operating boundaries of key parameters are described based on the Takagi–Sugeno (TS) model criterion. It is revealed that within certain range, the proper DC voltage feedback control parameters in IC could enhance the system stability and the power support capability of DC subgrid to the AC side. Finally, comparative case studies are conducted to validate effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Brain‐Like Biomimetic Circuit Design Based on Memristor
Authors: Liu Lixin
Published: December 2024

In this work, inspired by the neural mechanisms of the human brain, a brain‐like biomimetic circuit based on visual information processing is proposed. The circuit is mainly composed of test module, cognitive module, categorization module, and output module. The cognitive module mimics the function of memory neurons in the brain, generating memory potentials to store information while receiving visual information stimuli. The categorization module mimics the function of the visual cortex, enabling the conversion from memory to action. I verified the feasibility of this circuit for information processing using LTspice. This study provides new ideas and insights for the future development of visual information processing technology for electronic products.
Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment Promotes Weight Loss by Increasing Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Response to Grilo & Pittman (2024)
Authors: Levinson Cheri A. , Hernández Juan C. , Sandoval‐Araujo Luis E.
Published: December 2024

We provide commentary on the Grilo and Pittman (2024). Exploring Dietary Restraint as a Mediator of Behavioral and Cognitive‐Behavioral Treatments on Outcomes for Patients With Binge‐Eating Disorder With Obesity article published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders. Grilo and Pittman show that weight loss in the Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment condition is mediated by an increase in rigid restraint, whereas binge eating is not mediated by rigid restraint. They conclude that this result is a positive outcome for patients with binge‐eating disorder and shows that BWL is not harmful in this population. We argue that increasing rigid restraint equates to increasing eating disorder symptoms and is harmful in any population, but specifically in those with an already diagnosed eating disorder. In addition, we point out the major limitations of no follow‐up data in the mediation report, no measurement of additional eating disorder symptoms that could represent diagnostic migration, and lack of inclusion of weight stigma as additional problems with the stated conclusions. We recommend that the field moves away from measurement of weight loss as an outcome in those with eating disorders and carefully consider what it means to increase restraint/restriction in eating disorder populations.
Analysis of the Impact of Agriculture and Logging on Forest Habitat Structure in the Ankasa and Bia Conservation Area of Ghana
Authors: Ashiagbor George , Abubakar Sinka Khadijah , Inusah Sandra Sawdiatu , Adjapong Abena Owusu , Osei Gideon Nyamekye , Laari Prosper Basommi
Published: December 2024

Ghana's Ankasa (ACA) and Bia Conservation Area (BCA) are experiencing forest loss due to agricultural conversions. However, there is limited comprehensive analysis of these conversions and their impact on the forest habitat structure in these areas. This study aims to analyse anthropogenic‐induced forest habitat loss and fragmentation in the ACA and BCA. Landsat images for the epochs 1980, 2000 and 2020 were pre‐processed, and subsets were created using a 5 km buffer of the two conservation areas. The images were classified into forest, agriculture and built‐up. The classified images were analysed for landscape pattern changes using patch density (PD), edge density (ED), largest patch index (LPI), landscape shape index (LSI) and aggregation index (AI). The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to analyse changes in landscape structure. The results indicate that forest cover in the ACA decreased by 16.4% from 100,941.6 ha in 1980 to 84,410.6 ha in 2020, and in the BCA, it decreased by 14.4% from 70,211.8 to 60,117.36 ha. There was no encroachment from agricultural activities within the conservation areas, but agricultural activities, mainly cocoa expansion, increased within the 5 km buffer, leading to the decline in forest cover. The landscape analysis shows that the forest patches have become fragmented, disjointed and isolated, especially within the 5 km buffer. This is indicated by increased PD, decreased AI, decreased LPI and increased ED. The immediate loss of forest habitat cover in the off‐reserve landscape and the significant levels of forest fragmentation, resulting in the loss of forest connectivity, have significant implications for wildlife conservation. Ecological restoration and conservation efforts are needed to reduce this potential impact. Ecologists have recommended transitioning from monoculture cocoa to cocoa agroforestry to improve forest habitat connectivity within adjoining cocoa farms in the landscapes of these conservation areas.
SHIP‐1 Differentially Regulates IgE‐Induced IL‐10 and Antiviral Responses in Human Monocytes
Authors: Solleti Siva Kumar , Matthews Bailey E. , Wu Jingyi , Rowe Regina K.
Published: December 2024

IgE‐mediated stimulation of monocytes regulates multiple cellular functions including cellular maturation, cytokine release, antiviral responses, and T‐cell differentiation. Expression of the high‐affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, is closely linked to serum IgE levels and atopic disease. The signaling molecules regulating FcεRI effector functions have been well studied in mast cells and basophils; however, less is known about the signaling and regulatory mechanisms in monocytes. This study sought to identify regulators of IgE‐mediated cytokine release in human monocytes. SHIP‐1 was identified as a negative regulator of IgE‐induced IL‐10 production. It was also determined that IgE‐mediated stimulation and SHIP‐1 inhibition decreased antiviral IP‐10 production after liposomal poly(I:C) stimulation, indicating differential regulation by SHIP‐1 in IgE‐driven and antiviral response pathways. SHIP‐1 and NF‐κB were activated following IgE‐mediated stimulation of monocytes, and NF‐κB activation was related to both SHIP‐1 and FcεRIα cellular expression levels. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify a role for SHIP‐1 in regulating IgE‐mediated and antiviral responses in human monocytes. Given the importance of monocytes in inflammation and immune responses, a better understanding of the signaling and regulatory mechanisms downstream of the FcεRI receptor could lead to new therapeutic targets in allergic disease.
An Overview of 3‐Phenylpropyl Acetate: A Multifaceted Fragrance and Flavouring Compound
Authors: Hanumesh Parimala , Rangappa Shobith
Published: December 2024

3‐Phenylpropyl acetate, a small molecule with significant importance in the realm of flavours and fragrances, is consumed globally in quantities ranging from 1 to 10 tons per year. Given its widespread use, a thorough safety assessment is imperative. This review delves into the toxicological implications associated with 3‐phenylpropyl acetate, focusing on various aspects such as mutagenicity, genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, skin sensitisation, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, local respiratory toxicity, as well as biodegradation and ecotoxicity. By evaluating the available data on these parameters, a comprehensive risk assessment can be conducted to ensure the safe utilisation of this compound in various applications.
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials Participate in Intracellular and Extracellular Theta Rhythms in the Hippocampus: A Personal Narrative
Authors: Leung L. Stan , Yim Chi Yiu Conrad
Published: December 2024

The hypothesis that the hippocampal theta rhythm consists of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) was critical for understanding the theta rhythm. The dominant views in the early 1980s were that intracellularly recorded theta consisted of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) with little participation by IPSPs, and that IPSPs generated a closed monopolar field in the hippocampus. I (Leung) conceived of a new model for generation of the hippocampal theta rhythm, with theta‐rhythmic IPSPs as an essential component, and thus sought to reinvestigate the relation between theta and IPSPs quantitatively with intracellular and extracellular recordings. The intracellular recordings were performed by Leung and Yim in the laboratory of Kris Krnjević at McGill University. Using protocols of passing steady‐state holding currents and injection of chloride ions, the intracellular theta and IPSP in a CA1 neuron typically showed the same reversal potential and correlated change in amplitude. Low‐intensity stimulation of the alveus evoked an antidromic action potential in CA1 neurons, identifying them as pyramidal cells with output axons in the alveus, which then activated a feedback IPSP with almost no excitatory component. Theta‐rhythmic somatic inhibition, together with phase‐shifted theta‐rhythmic distal apical dendritic excitation were proposed as the two dipoles that generate a gradual extracellular theta phase shift in the CA1 apical dendritic layer. The distal apical excitation driven by the entorhinal cortex was proposed to be atropine‐resistant and dominated during walking in rats. Other than serving a conventional role in limiting excitation, rhythmic proximal inhibition and distal dendritic excitation provide varying phasic modulation along the soma‐dendritic axis of pyramidal cells, resulting in theta phase‐dependent synaptic plasticity and gamma oscillations, which are likely involved in cognitive processing.
A Comparison of Sleep and Settle Behaviours Across Twins and Singletons at 5 Months of Age
Authors: Viktorsson Charlotte , Ronald Angelica , Falck‐Ytter Terje
Published: December 2024

Twin studies are important for research on genetic and environmental influences on child development, but it is imperative to test whether findings can be generalised from twins to singletons. Since the first months of life are defined by the emergence of important sleep behaviours, we compared 451 (54.8% females) twins and 77 singletons (48.1% females) on a range of sleep, settle and crying behaviours at 5 months of age. No significant differences were found regarding duration of crying or time until settled. However, singletons were reported to wake up more frequently during nighttime than twins (F(1, 509) = 35.10, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.065), suggesting that, when reported in twin studies, this measure might be slightly underestimated at a mean level in relation to singletons. In conclusion, despite the unique challenges and additional caregiver load of infant twins, there seem to be few differences between twins and singletons regarding parent‐reported settle and crying behaviours in early infancy.
Mother–Adolescent Relationship and Psychological Distress During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sakai Atsushi , Murohashi Hiroto , Watanabe Seiji
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study aims to investigate how mother–adolescent relationships evolved before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic and their correlation with pandemic‐related stress and adolescents' psychological distress.

Methods

A longitudinal study involving 579 mother–adolescent dyads (junior high school students at Time 1; 50% male students) was conducted, with data collected before (October 2019) and during (October 2020) the pandemic in Japan. Both mothers and adolescents reported the perceived quality of their positive and conflictual relationships at each time point. At Time 2, assessments were made regarding perceived pandemic‐related stress and adolescent psychological distress.

Results

Structural equation modeling, cross‐lagged regression, and mediation analysis revealed that perceptions of relationships by both mothers and adolescents before the pandemic predicted and sustained their own and their partners' perceptions during the pandemic. Furthermore, adolescents' perceptions of positive relationships with mothers protected against adolescents' distress. Otherwise, their perceptions of conflictual relationships with mothers posed a risk for adolescents' psychological distress. Additionally, the maintenance of adolescents' higher perception of positive relationships with their mothers was mediated by their perceived higher pandemic‐related stress.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the reciprocal and additive nature of mothers' and adolescents' perceptions of relationship quality, which in turn predict adolescents' mental health during stressful situations like a pandemic. Moreover, adolescents are encouraged not to suppress negative feelings about stress, to enhance perceptions of a positive relationship perceptions with their mother.
Tuning Surface Chemistry Impacts on Cardiac Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cell Development
Authors: Acar Yasemin , Managh Amy , Hill Eric James , Roach Paul
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide, with approx. Twenty million deaths in 2021. Cardiovascular implants are among the most used biomaterials in the clinical world. However, poor endothelialisation and rapid thrombosis remains a challenge. Simple chemical surface modification techniques can be used to steer biological interactions without affecting the bioimplants' overall bulk characteristics such as radiopacity and flexibility. Although silanes are well studied for protein and cell interactions, the methodical investigation of cardiac endothelial cell (EC) alongside smooth muscle cell (SMC) to mimic natural arterial environments has been limited. In this study, these cells have been investigated on surfaces functionalized with methyl, amine, thiol, methacrylate, and fluorine organosilane groups. Cardiac EC and SMC growth was investigated with metabolic activity, time lapse imaging, and immunofluorescent staining techniques. The results demonstrated that the surfaces tested are able to selectively regulate the viability and growth of the cells. Aminosilane modified surfaces displayed 2‐fold higher metabolic activity with HUVEC and 2‐fold less metabolic activity with HCASMC cell lines, compared to tissue culture plastic controls. The amino‐modification outperformed all other chemistries tested in terms of ability to promote the proliferation of ECs, while importantly reducing the activity of SMCs. This report demonstrates that aminosilane modified surfaces have the potential to be utilized in novel cardiovascular implants, which could improve biological integration in the short and possibly longer‐term. The findings of this study suggest that specific chemical modifications of the surface can enhance endothelial cell activity while minimizing the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, which are often associated with thrombosis. This highlights the potential of carefully engineered surface chemistries to improve the clinical outcomes of cardiovascular implants.
The Curious Case of Eulimnogammarus cyaneus (Dybowsky, 1874): Reproductive Biology of a Widespread Endemic Littoral Amphipod From Lake Baikal
Authors: Drozdova Polina , Shatilina Zhanna , Mutin Andrei , Saranchina Alexandra , Gurkov Anton , Timofeyev Maxim
Published: December 2024

Comparative studies of reproductive biology and formation of reproductive isolation need appropriate model systems, such as groups of related species. The amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of ancient Lake Baikal are an attractive group for such works, as they consist of several hundred species that radiated within the lake and have very different levels of intraspecific genetic diversity and reproduction timing. We have previously shown that one of the most widely distributed and best studied littoral species, Eulimnogammarus verrucosus (Gersfeldt, 1858), comprises cryptic species exhibiting a post‐zygotic reproductive barrier. The object of this study was Eulimnogammarus cyaneus (Dybowsky, 1874), another widespread endemic littoral Baikal species, which has a surprisingly low genetic diversity within its large geographic range. The aim of this study was to check if the populations isolated by the Angara River source, which is approximately 120‐thousand years old, are reproductively compatible. As neither prezygotic nor postzygotic barriers were found, at the moment these populations should be treated as belonging to a single species. At the same time, we found some noteworthy features of reproduction of E. cyaneus. They include successive reproductive cycles with amplexuses formed by females with juveniles in the brood pouch and deposition of unfertilized eggs by females. The former might mean that this species is a relatively promising object for a laboratory culture of Baikal amphipods. Taken together, these results contribute to the establishment of a research framework to look for the correlation between genetic divergence and biological species delimitation.
Graph curvature and local discrepancy
Authors: Horn Paul , Purcilly Adam , Stevens Alex
Published: December 2024

In recent years, discrete notions of curvature have been defined and exploited to understand various geometric properties of graphs; especially regarding heat flow, and spectral properties. In this paper, we study various combinatorial properties implied by satisfying the Bakry–Émery curvature dimension inequality . In particular we derive a local discrepancy inequality, similar in spirit to the expander mixing lemma from spectral graph theory, which certifies a type of “local pseudo‐randomness” of the edge set of the graph, for graphs satisfying a curvature lower bound. In addition, several other consequences are derived regarding graph connectivity and cycle statistics of the graph.
Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging for Peace Leadership
Authors: Chunoo Vivechkanand , Schellhammer Erich
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the integration of diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) principles with peace leadership to address societal divisions and foster sustainable harmony. By defining DEIB concepts and their interconnectedness with social justice, the authors highlight their critical role in shaping inclusive leadership practices. Diversity is presented as the acknowledgment of social differences; equity as the provision of fair opportunities tailored to individual needs; inclusion as the transcending of barriers to build coalitions; and belonging as a reciprocal sense of community and purpose. Rooted in Johan Galtung's distinction between negative and positive peace, peace leadership is positioned as essential for addressing structural violence and envisioning equitable societies. Through historical examples such as Nelson Mandela's leadership in post‐apartheid South Africa and the Northern Ireland peace process, the study underscores how DEIB‐driven frameworks advance mutual respect, reduce systemic inequities, and promote reconciliation. The paper argues for a peace leadership model that addresses root causes of conflict by intertwining social justice and moral imperatives, aligning with ethical traditions and sustainable development goals. The authors propose peace leadership as a transformative force capable of uniting diverse communities under shared principles of justice and inclusivity. By adopting DEIB principles, peace leaders can navigate contemporary societal challenges and catalyze progress toward a more harmonious global society.
Effect of Acanthamoeba Spp. Cell‐Free Supernatants on Some Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Özcan Aykol Şevval Maral , Zeybek Zuhal , Kayabaş Yavuzhan , Çevikli Serranur , Keskin Nihan Berfin , Kahraman Münise Hilal , Çaliş Hümeyra
Published: December 2024

The fact that free‐living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba can live in many different environments causes these protozoa to have different interactions with other microorganisms. Investigation of Acanthamoeba–pathogenic bacteria interaction is important for the discovery of new antibacterial agents that can be used against pathogenic bacteria. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of cell‐free supernatants obtained from Acanthamoeba against some pathogenic bacteria. One standard strain (Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC 50373) and one environmental strain (B1) of the genus Acanthamoeba were used in the study. Cell‐free supernatants were obtained by centrifuging the axenic cultures (3000 rpm, 5 min) and passing through a sterile filter with a pore diameter of 0.22 µm. The antibacterial effect of cell‐free supernatants against five different pathogenic bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Typhi, and Salmonella enterica) was investigated by colony counting method. As a result of the study, it was determined that the standard Acanthamoeba cell‐free supernatant showed the highest antibacterial effect against E. faecalis (75.79%), while B1 cell‐free supernatant showed the highest antibacterial effect against K. pneumoniae (8.5%). The content of the tested Acanthamoeba cell‐free supernatants was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in our previous study and was also found to contain major compounds with antibacterial properties. Therefore, it is thought that the metabolites produced by Acanthamoeba can be used as an alternative to existing antimicrobial drugs in the fight against infections caused by some important pathogenic bacteria.
A rare case of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm in a pediatric patient
Authors: Colak Muhammed Ali , Freeman A. Jay , Heinzman Christie , Khan Muhammad A. , Mangray Shamlal , Potter Carol J. , Rasmussen Sara K. , Rees Mitchell A. , Nathan Jaimie D.
Published: December 2024

Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) are rare tumors predominantly identified in middle‐aged females. Occurrences are extremely rare in children. We report a rare case of pancreatic MCN in an adolescent. A 14‐year‐old female with Smith–Magenis syndrome and steatotic liver disease (SLD) presented with abdominal discomfort. Magnetic resonance elastography obtained for SLD revealed cholelithiasis and a 0.5‐cm cyst in the distal pancreas. Observation was recommended by her pediatric surgery provider. At 18 years old, contrast‐enhanced abdominal magnetic resonance imaging showed a 2.4‐cm mildly complex, septate, cystic lesion along the distal pancreas with no soft tissue component, pancreatic atrophy, or ductal dilation. Endoscopic ultrasound with cyst fluid cytology showed no definitive neoplasm. Carcinoembryonic antigen level of cyst fluid was markedly elevated at 11,207 ng/mL, concerning an MCN. She was referred to Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery for evaluation and underwent robotic‐assisted distal pancreatectomy. Final pathology revealed a 2.8‐cm low‐grade MCN with intermediate‐grade dysplasia.
Developing a Scale to Measure Need‐to‐Tell Personality Trait to Predict Consumers' Willingness to Provide Online Reviews
Authors: Kim John , Thrasher Gregory R. , Demsky Caitlin A.
Published: December 2024

There is little debate that consumers' online reviews have a significant impact on corporate sales and profit. Thus, companies must create an overall strategy to manage online posting, and one important aspect of the strategy is to formulate an online review acquisition plan. An online review acquisition plan requires an in‐depth understanding of posting behavior. While past research has focused on motives to explain why consumers post online reviews, to create a more comprehensive understanding of online posting behavior recent research has called for a deeper examination of the relationship between personality and posting behavior. To address the need for more context‐specific personality predictors of online reviews, we propose a personality construct called “need to tell” and develop a scale to measure this construct. We conducted three studies to develop items and establish scale psychometric properties (Study 1), establish construct validity in reference to the nomological net of need to tell (Study 2), and establish criterion and incremental criterion validity with relevant online posting outcomes (Study 3). Our results indicate that the developed measure of need to tell is both reliable and associated with popular online posting behavior metrics. This newly developed scale can be used when segmenting consumers to identify those most likely to be impacted by nudges to post online reviews.
Metal‐ and Halide‐Free, Macroporous Hygroscopic Polymers for Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Authors: Ju Aiming , Xu Zhiguang , Huang Zhihao , Zhang Tao , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2024

Hygroscopic materials based on highly hygroscopic salts are promising for atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), but the metal‐ or halide‐containing highly hygroscopic salts often have leakage and corrosion issues. Here, the design and synthesis of metal‐ and halide‐free, highly hygroscopic, and macroporous polymers from [2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride simply via in situ foaming, solidification, and ion exchange are reported. The resulting polymers exhibit highly interconnected macroporous structure, robust compression, and leakage‐free performance, and they also demonstrate relatively high moisture adsorption capacities (up to 1.24 g g−1 water at 85% relative humidity, accelerated adsorption rates, and efficient desorption. The polymers can harvest 0.76 g g−1 water per adsorption–desorption cycle and show high reusability, without obvious deterioration over 10 cycles of adsorption, desorption, and water collection. With the incorporation of carboxylic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes into the hygroscopic polymers, solar‐driven AWH is realized, without the requirement of additional energy. On the whole, the metal‐ and halide‐free, highly hygroscopic polymers exhibit the advantages of ease of preparation, energy saving, environmental protection, and economic sustainability for AWH.