bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS BIAYA DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN OBJEK WISATA MATANG KALADAN, KABUPATEN BANJAR
Authors: Anggraeni Mayske Ellora , Helmi Muhammad , Rianawati Fonny
Published: June 2023

Matang Kaladan Tourist Attractions one of the tourist destinations has an attraction in South Kalimantan. Matang Kaladan Tourism presents a view above the peak, so that it attracts visitors or tourists to come, and there are facilities in the form of photo spots that allow management at the Kaladan Matang Tourism location. The purpose of this study (1) analyzes management costs and revenues obtained from 2019-2021, (2) analyzes tourism development through SWOT methods and determines its development strategy. The methods used in this research cost analysis and SWOT. The results of the analysis of the cost of managing Kaladan Mature Tourist Attractions show the value of ratio = 1 in 2019 and 2020, and in 2021 shows the value of the ratio>1 "profitable business". SWOT analysis through quantitative approaches is worth x = 2.00 and y = 2.00. SWOT analysis through qualitative approach SO = 10.08, WO = 1.92, ST = 2.8, WT = (-6.08). Based on these values, Kaladan Mature Tourist Attractions from the cost analysis in 2019 and 2020 were declared "not profitable, but not disadvantaged" in the sense of "breakeven", while 2021 was declared "profitable business" in the sense of "feasible". SWOT analysis of x and y values (2.00, 2.00) the position of the attraction that shows that the position of the object is in Quadrant I, this is in a quantitative approach using so strategies. SWOT analysis through a qualitative approach using so, WO, ST, WT strategiesSelatan. Wisata Matang Kaladan menyajikan pemandangan diatas puncak, sehingga menarik pengunjung atau wisatawan berdatangan, serta terdapat fasilitas berupa spot foto yang memungkinkan adanya pengelolaan di lokasi Wisata Matang Kaladan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini (1) menganalisis biaya pengelolaan serta pendapatan yang diperoleh dari tahun 2019-2021, (2) menganalisis pengembangan wisata melalui metode SWOT serta menentukan strategi pengembangannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini Analisis Biaya dan SWOT. Hasil dari analisis biaya pengelolaan Objek Wisata Matang Kaladan menunjukkan nilai rasio=1 pada tahun 2019 dan 2020, serta tahun 2021 menunjukkan nilai rasio>1 “usaha menguntungkan”. Analisis SWOT melalui pendekatan kuantitatif bernilai x= 2,00 dan y= 2,00. Analisis SWOT melalui pendekatan kualitatif SO = 10,08 ,WO = 1,92 ,ST = 2,8 ,WT = (-6,08). Berdasarkan nilai tersebut Objek Wisata Matang Kaladan dari analisis biaya tahun 2019 dan 2020 dinyatakan “tidak untung, namun tidak dirugikan” dalam arti “impas”, sedangkan 2021 dinyatakan “usaha menguntungkan” dalam arti “layak”. Analisis SWOT nilai x dan y (2.00, 2.00) posisi objek wisata yang menunjukan bahwa posisi objek berada di Kuadran I, hal ini dalam pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan strategi SO. Analisis SWOT melalui pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan strategi SO, WO, ST, WT
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BAWANG MERAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT JOHAR (Cassia siamea Lamk) DI SHADE HOUSE FAKULTAS KEHUTANAN BANJARBARU
Authors: Hutabarat Novita Sari , Nugroho Yusanto , Payung Damaris
Published: June 2023

Johar plant (Cassia siamea Lamk) is a type of plant that can be categorized as a versatile tree species or a type of plant that has many uses. This study has the objectives of assessing the percentage level of plant life, knowing the concentration response of the onion bulb treatment to the parametrics used in the study and the best response to each treatment on the growth of the johar (Cassia siamea Lamk) plant. Observations using the RAL method (Completely Randomized Design) were 30 replicates and 4 treatments so that there were 120 research seeds. The results of the live percentage of johar (Cassia siamea Lamk) seedlings were treatment A (without treatment) of 93.33%, treatment B (dose of 100 gr/l water) of 96.66%, treatment C (dose of 150 gr/l water) of 96.66%, treatment D (dose of 200 g/l water) was 96.66%. So that the average percentage of live johar plants for all treatments was 95.83%. The treatment had a significant effect on increasing the height of johar seedlings, significantly on increasing the number of leaves of johar seedlings, and had no significant effect on increasing stem diameter of johar seedlings. Administration of growth regulators to treatment D with a concentration of 200 g/liter of water was able to provide the best and optimum response to increasing the height of johar seedlings by 18.76 cm, increasing leaf blades by 9.23 strands, and increasing stem diameter by 2.26 mm.Tanaman Johar (Cassia siamea Lamk) merupakan jenis tanaman yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai jenis pohon serbaguna atau jenis tanaman yang dimanfaatkan yang mempunyai banyak kegunaan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu mengkaji tingkat presentase kehidupan tanaman, mengetahui respon konsentrasi perlakuan umbi bawang merah terhadap parametrik yang digunakan dalam penelitian dan respon terbaik pada setiap perlakuan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman johar (Cassia siamea Lamk). Pengamatan menggunakan metode RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) yaitu 30 ulangan dan 4 perlakuan sehingga terdapat 120 bibit penelitian. Hasil persentase hidup bibit johar (Cassia siamea Lamk) yaitu perlakuan A (tanpa perlakuan) sebesar 93,33 %, perlakuan B (dosis 100 gr/l air) sebesar 96,66 %, perlakuan C (dosis 150 gr/l air) sebesar 96,66%, perlakuan D (dosis 200 gr/l air) sebesar 96,66 %. Sehingga hasil rata-rata persentase hidup tanaman johar untuk semua perlakuan adalah 95,83%. Perlakuan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap bertambahnya tinggi bibit johar, berpengaruh nyata terhadap bertambahnya jumlah daun bibit johar, berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap bertambahnya diameter batang bibit johar. Pemberian zat pengatur tumbuh terhadap perlakuan D dengan konsentrasi 200 gr/liter air yaitu mampu memberikan respon terbaik dan optimum terhadap bertambahnya tinggi bibit johar sebesar 18,76 cm, bertambahnya helaian daun sebesar 9,23 helai, dan bertambahnya diameter batang sebesar 2,26 mm
THE IMAGE OF THE CITY UNDER OCCUPATION
Authors: Zubchenko O.
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the perception of the image of their city by the population of the temporarily occupied territories of Southern Ukraine. Using the example of Berdyansk, the author proves that local residents have a traumatic understanding of their native city as foreign, betrayed and emptied. The researcher considers the image of the city as a set of individual assessments, impressions and experiences, arising in the form of sensations and memory of past experience, closely related to spatial localization, determined by socio-cultural and historical factors. In the course of informal analysis of the content of 15 Internet sources, which contain interviews with forced migrants and those who remain in Berdyansk, it was noted that the image of the city arises in the dimensions of "past-future – current social interactions" and "visual – social spaces" . It is shown that during the occupation, the urban space from the sphere of public activity turns into a risk zone, and ordinary affairs acquire unpredictable features. It is concluded that in order to destroy the social subjectivity of the urban community, the invaders carry out a policy of urbicide, which includes the occupation of physical space, violation of privacy, the creation of an artificial carnival discourse of urban life, economic isolation and visual tricolorization. It was established that under these conditions there is a return to the social practices of the times of the communist totalitarian regime in the political and socio-economic spheres. The author proves that in this way the Russian occupiers are trying to impose their vision of the past and future, to give additional legitimacy to their power against the background of growing popular resistance and expectations of the Ukrainian army.
INTERACTION OF PUBLIC ASSOCIATIONS WITH GOVERNMENT BODIES REGARDING THE EDUCATIONAL TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS IN RESTORATION OF UKRAINE
Authors: Kornievskyy O.
Published: June 2023

As a result of Russian armed aggression, a significant part of the industrial, social and energy infrastructure, as well as the housing stock of Ukraine was destroyed, and millions of our compatriots were forced to leave their homes and migrate to safer Ukrainian regions and abroad. Considering the significant losses that Ukraine has suffered, the Ukrainian society has an urgent need to find effective ways to rebuild the national economy and infrastructure. In this regard, the article focuses on highlighted activities of public associations aimed at educational training of personnel for the reconstruction of Ukraine with the support of public authorities and foreign donors. At the same time, educational programs and projects implemented in Ukraine at the initiative and direct participation of public associations in cooperation with public authorities, with the financial support of foreign donors, were analyzed. Focused attention on the application of the gender approach by public associations in the implementation of educational programs, projects for the training of future specialists. The author came to the conclusion that in the post-war period the increase in the need for work specialties, primarily related to construction, should encourage the Ukrainian state, together with public society and national and local business, to bring the system of professional education out of a state of decline, to involve trade unions and veterans' organizations in this matter. organizations, public associations, various organizational and legal forms of entrepreneurial activity. The publication also provides basic recommendations for deepening cooperation between public associations and authorities, which is aimed at improving educational programs for training future specialists for the reconstruction of Ukraine. One of the priorities of the state policy of recovery of Ukraine after the devastating consequences of the war should determine the creation of a legal environment favorable for state-public interaction.
HISTORICAL STAGES OF FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF POLITICAL VALUES AS A COMPONENT OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY
Authors: Tymoshenko О. , Chupriy L.
Published: June 2023

The article highlights the main historical stages of the formation of the system of political values as a component of Ukrainian national identity. It is indicated that political values are the basis of the formation and implementation of the national development strategy, the ideology of state formation, state policy, adoption of laws and management decisions. It is emphasized that an important historical stage in the formation of political values was the period of the Cossack state, founded in the first half of the 16th century, which had a significant impact on the formation of national identity. This state was based on such values as freedom, fraternity and equality, Orthodoxy, dignity, respect for the opinion and will of the community, faithfulness to one's word and duty. Attention is focused on the fact that the 20th century was an important stage of Ukrainian state-building, when the Ukrainian people tried to build their state and actively developed their national self-awareness and political values. M. Hrushevskyi, P. Skoropadskyi, S. Petlyura, S. Bandera, Yu. Shukhevich and others should be named among the key political figures who influenced these processes. Each of them had slightly different ideas about the state structure of Ukraine, but they all aspired to its independence and sovereignty. It is indicated that the political values formed in different periods of the formation of Ukrainian statehood reflected the important principles that formed the Ukrainian ethnic group and its culture, and also contributed to the preservation of Ukrainian identity and national consciousness. It is on these values that modern Ukrainian society, which strives to preserve and develop its culture and national identity, is based. It is these values that the servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine profess today, who have absorbed the best experience of the Ukrainian people's liberation strugg le for their freedom and independence.
“Hard Power” of Afghan Radical Islamists in Asia
Authors: Malysheva D.
Published: June 2023

The capture of power by the Taliban in Afghanistan has changed the regional landscape and created new concerns. Some of them are related to a possibility of strengthening of transnational terrorist organizations in the country. Others are generated by the fear of radical Islamism spreading in the guise of the Taliban or others of its ilk. Meanwhile, various radical Islamist organizations in Afghanistan that resort to “hard power” (armed violence, terrorist methods, etc.) in their practices are destabilizing the situation both in the country and in Asia in general. The conflict potential in Afghani-Pakistani relations is largely stimulated by the activities of the extremist organization Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan. Other threats to the regional peaceful development come from the terrorist group of Islamic State of Khorasan, which was rooted in ISIS in the Middle East. As for the post-Soviet states of Central Asia, they attract great interest of various radical Islamist factions shaped by Tajiks, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Uighurs and affiliated with different transnational terrorist entities operating in Afghanistan, such as Al-Qaeda, ISIS, etc. Their destructive activities necessitate the need for the counter-terrorist action in the region with the aim of preventing Afghanistan and Asia in general from turning into a new hotbed of instability. It would be reasonable to assume that Afghanistan, painfully traumatized by decades of internal feuds and the US military occupation, has fallen under control of the Taliban for a long time. A favorable scenario would imply achieving a sustainable consensus within the country, which will create conditions for successful economic and political cooperation between Afghanistan, Russia, China and other major actors in the future. If radical Islamists or other forces succeed in disrupting the process of Afghanistan post-conflict reconstruction, this will highly aggravate regional disbalances in Asia.
Grounding Ontology of the “International” in Terms of Radical Constructivism
Authors: Kharkevich M.
Published: June 2023

The “International Relations” (“IR”) discipline is going through a double-disciplinary crisis. Once again, there is a general feeling of increasingly fragmenting common ground within the discipline (the first crisis) and the acknowledgment that the “IR” only imports concepts and methods from other disciplines but does not export any (the second crisis). Both crises share the same origin. The subject matter – “international” – has not been rooted in any social ontology. The discipline is now searching for the social ontology of “international.” The most discussed candidate for such a role is “societal multiplicity”, a product of “uneven and combined development”. The article offers an alternative variant of the social ontology for “international,” which is based on Niklas Luhmann’s system theory and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel’s social theory. It argues that “international” is rooted in the segmentary systemic differentiation between inside and outside and in the struggle for recognition of these segments. The semantic marker for this ontology is “sovereignty.” In this way, “sovereignty” turns into a systemic program (in Luhmann’s terms) of international politics (as a subsystem of the world society political system), designating the common ground for the discipline and marking social processes and phenomena, which can be studied within the “IR”. This will allow the “International Relations” to export some of its concepts and methods to other social science disciplines. The article critically engages with the Theory of World Politics by Mathias Albert, reconstructing it to meet the challenge of the double-disciplinary crisis. The “balance of power” is criticized with the help of Michel Foucault, who showed: that among European powers in 19th-century Europe, the balance of power, responsible for producing international order, was linked with the police inside states, responsible for producing domestic order. Nevertheless, to keep the balance of power and to secure the domestic order, states and police used the same technique of observation – statistics, making the “balance of power” a non-autopoietic system program incapable of producing an autopoietic system of international relations. “Sovereignty” also spans both realms of the inside/outside divide but is observed mainly through external recognition and is rooted in the social ontology of “international.” The article argues that “sovereignty” is better suited for the system program of international politics than the “balance of power”.
Small Modular Nuclear Reactors: Development Prospects
Authors: Dyakov A.
Published: June 2023

The need for deep reduction of the greenhouse gases emissions (methane and carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere in order to preserve the global climate amid the growth of electricity production worldwide to meet mankind’s energy needs has stimulated the transfer to the use of energy sources that exclude such emissions. There is an increasing interest to exploitation of renewable energy sources – hydropower, solar and wind power, as well as nuclear power, especially the development of innovative nuclear power. The latter refers to nuclear reactors in which the configuration of systems, coolants, fuels and operating conditions are radically different from traditional reactors. Among promising innovations in the nuclear sector is the concept of small modular reactors (SMRs) whose unique characteristics in terms of enhanced safety, transport mobility, efficiency and economy create favorable conditions for investment in projects to develop them. A number of countries including Argentina, Canada, China, Russia, South Korea and the United States of America are actively working on innovation nuclear power development, and currently more than 70 advanced commercial SMR designs are being built around the world, with the first prototypes to be deployed in the near future or already deployed. However, the construction of a next-generation nuclear power is more than just solving technological problems. Economical factors, primarily the cost of electricity generation compared to renewable energy, will have a significant impact on the development and employment of SMR technology. There is also an export competition among suppliers in the global nuclear technology market, and there are geopolitical issues, including global security and non-proliferation concerns.
Pakistan: Fulfilling Requirements for Exit FATF Grey List
Authors: Zamaraeva N.
Published: June 2023

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) had taken the decision to put Pakistan on “grey list” in June 2018 and urged Islamabad to implement the Action Plan on Combating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing by the end of 2019. However, the deadline was extended due to Islamabad’s failure to comply with several requirements and the Covid‑19 pandemic. Most in Pakistan stated that decision to place Pakistan on the terror financing watchlist as being politically motivated. During this period, Pakistan adopted a number of legislative acts in order to limit the activity of groups banned by the UN Security Council and in the country to this end, FATF underlined the necessity to addresses strategic deficiencies in Pakistan’s anti-money laundering and counterterrorism financing regime. Islamabad during this period adopted a number of legislative acts; adopted the required the regulatory documents of the Central Bank; law enforcement agencies and the federal army conducted a number of military special operations to eliminate terrorists, etc. The implementation of the Plan revealed contradictions within the ruling coalition, between Prime Minister Imran Khan and the political opposition (2018–April 2022), the military establishment and the Pakistani authorities. The Global Monitoring Service confirmed in June 2022 that Pakistan had fully complied with all the basic and procedural requirements of its action plans for 2018 and 2021. In October 2022 The Financial Action Task Force has decided by consensus that Pakistan has completed all substantial, technical and procedural requirements of both 2018 and 2021 Action Plans. As a result, Pakistan has been taken out of the “grey list”.
Arctic Science Diplomacy of the USA and Canada: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Sergunin A. , Gutenev M.
Published: June 2023

The article examines the U.S. and Canadian Arctic Science Diplomacy (ASD) in a comparative perspective. The authors have identified the main reasons – scientific and geopolitical – for the use of the ASD in the region by these two countries, as well as by key state and non-state actors involved in its coordination and implementation. The ASD priorities for both countries include climate change implications, environmental problems, oceanography, geophysics, glaciology, permafrost, Arctic flora and fauna, conservation of biodiversity, Arctic shipping and transport infrastructure, rational use of Arctic mineral and biological resources, local communities, indigenous peoples, integration of traditional knowledge into science, and so on. Based on the analysis, it was found that both the USA and Canada recognize the important role of the Arctic Science Diplomacy in the successful implementation of their Arctic strategy and consider this kind of “non-traditional” public diplomacy to be a rather significant resource of their policy in the Far North. The Canadian ASD has to a greater extent an internal rather than an external orientation, while the U.S. ASD basically serves as an instrument of promotion of American national interests in the region. However, the United States pay less attention to the Arctic Science Diplomacy than Canada. The American ASD infrastructure (including the research centers and polar stations network as well as the research vessel fleet) is less developed than the Canadian one. In addition, in the U.S. strategic documents on the Arctic, unlike Canadian strategies, the coercive component is most clearly traced, which makes the United States a less attractive international partner and imposes certain restrictions on the participation of American ASD actors in Arctic cooperation. Moreover, the United States is very suspicious of the ASD of those regional “players” whom they have listed as unfriendly states (including Russia and China), which also serves as an obstacle to the development of Washington’s scientific cooperation with international partners in the Far North.
The Neolithic and Early Metal complexes of the Chepkul 5 settlement in the North of the An-dreevskaya Lake System
Authors: Zakh V.A. , Efremov M.I.
Published: June 2023

The problems of development of the early Neolithic and Early Metal Age complexes in the Tobol-Ishim interfluve are still insufficiently studied. A certain understanding of the cultural and historical processes that took place during these periods can be based on the materials of the multi-layered settlement of Chepkul 5, located on the territory of the Andreevskaya lake system near the city of Tyumen. The purpose of this work is to introduce into scientific discourse the research materials of the early Neolithic and Bayryk Culture complexes. Within the Neolithic pottery complex of Chepkul 5, it is possible to conditionally distinguish groups of vessels comparable to the ware of the Boborykino, Koshkino, Basyanovo and comb types, which find similarities in the vast territory from the eastern slopes of the Urals to the Baraba forest-steppe, and from the Lower Ob River to the steppes of Kazakhstan. Stone tools of such complexes, including Chepkul 5, contain points with high steep retouch, oblique points on blades, and geometric microliths. The presence of lips (overhangs) on the rims on the inside of the vessels, and certain other characteristics of ceramics, bring the analysed complex closer to the ware of the Boborykino Culture of the Yurtobor 3 settlement [Zakh, 1995]. Considering the date from charcoal from the settlement of Yurtobor 3 — 6591–6478 cal BC (UPI-559) [Zakh, 1995, 2009] — the time of existence of the settlement Chepkul 5 in the early Neolithic can be correlated with the end of the humid stage and the beginning of the dry period (8.2–5.5 cal ka BP) [Zach, 2021]. According to the location of the pits in the trench of the Early Metal Period dwelling 2 of Chepkul 5, which contained pottery with comb-pit and large-stroke ornamentation, the building can be reconstructed as a semi-dugout with a pillar-frame structure, with an area of about 40 m2. Similar structures, ware, stone and clay sinkers and other items belong to the Bayryk Culture, are dated to the 3rd mil. BC and can be considered together with the Ishim complexes of the Alexandrovo stage of the Ekaterinino Cultures within the comb-pit community of the 3rd mil. BC. However, the complexes of the Tobol and Ishim regions belong to different cultures, as evidenced by the complete absence of clay sinkers in the Ishim region and in the territories to the east. The presence of the latter, as well as drawings on dishes and petroglyphs in the Early Metal Period cultures of Trans-Urals, suggests that the population of the Tobol region was engaged in drive hunting for waterfowl during molting [Zakh, 2022], which could not but affect its cultural specificity.
Сhronology of the Karakiyasay II rock art
Authors: Kashchey O.A. , Nedashkovsky L.F.
Published: June 2023

The article provides a brief description of the history of the study and characteristics of six large assem-blages with petroglyphs of the Karakiyasay complex, located on the southern slopes of the Karzhantau mountain ridge (North-Eastern Uzbekistan). Currently, about 600 stones and rock outcrops with more than 3700 images have been identified within the site. The most interesting is the organization of the pictorial series of one of the assemblages — Karakiyasay II, on the materials of which, using cluster, planigraphic and stratigraphic analyses, it was possible to carry out the chronological attribution of almost all images of this section of the complex. For this, the semantic units of the organization of the visual series of the assemblage were initially designated, including single and paired images, multi-figure “scenes” and plot compositions. Then, for the most numerous images — 169 figures of the Siberian mountain goat, by the means of measuring the figures and calculating the ratios of a various quan-tities characterizing the proportions of the design of body parts of the animals — the ratio of the body height, length of the legs, neck and head to the length of the body, as well as by introducing quantities containing nu-merical indicators of the way animals are depicted (number of horns, number of legs, turn of the figure, angle of the legs, angle of the neck) — nine quantitative characters were determined. The next stage is the cluster analy-sis, which allowed us to identify three clusters (groups) of similar figures of mountain goats. Since the data ob-tained in the first two clusters turned out to be heterogeneous, they were also subjected to cluster analysis, as a result of which it was possible to identify nine types of figures characterized by a number of similar features. Later, using the analysis of planigraphy and stratigraphy, the accuracy of the identified types was verified, their chrono-logical sequence was determined, and, based on the analogies with the manner of completion of figures in these types, the chronological attribution of the entire pictorial series of the site was carried out. The results of the study indicate that the petroglyphs in the Karakiyasay II assemblage were created mainly in the Late Bronze Age (the second half of the 2nd mil. BC — beginning of the 1st mil. BC) — Early Iron Age (7th c. BC — 4th c. AD).
Burial of a warrior of the Rouran period from Northern Altai
Authors: Seregin N.N. , Tishkin A.A. , Matrenin S.S. , Parshikova T.S.
Published: June 2023

The article introduces into scientific discourse cultural, chronological and social interpretation of the warrior burial, investigated during the excavations of the necropolis of the Bulan-Koby Culture of the Choburak-I funerary and ritual complex. The site is located on the right bank of the Katun River, to the south from the Elanda village of Chemal district, Altai Republic. During the research, a burial of a man with a horse and accompanying equipment, including a representative set of weapons (bow, a large number of arrows with iron tips, a sword, two combat knives), a belt decorated with numerous belt fittings, horse equipment, and other items were studied. A detailed description of the finds, including both widespread and very rare types of items, has been carried out. The indi-cated circle of analogies from the sites of the Bulan-Koby Culture of Altai, as well as complexes excavated in ad-jacent territories, allows us to determine the date of burial mound №30 to the 4th c. AD. This conclusion is con-firmed by the results of radiocarbon dating of a series of objects from the Choburak-I necropolis. The complex of elements of ritual practice indicates that the burial mound belongs to the previously identified Dialyan burial tradi-tion of the Altai population of the end of the 1st mil. BC — first half of the 1st mil. AD. This is suggested by the combination of the following features: an oval mound with a crepidoma, inhumation burial rite, northwest orienta-tion of the deceased, accompanying of the deceased by a horse laid “at the feet” of the person and its orientation with its head in the same direction as the deceased, inner grave construction in the form of a deck. The composi-tion of the grave goods allows us to conclude that the buried man was of a high social status, possibly a warrior who commanded a large unit of professional warriors, and also, possibly, the leader of a local group of pastoral-ists who left the Choburak-I necropolis. Some peculiar features of the analysed complex reflect the ideological paradigm of the Bulan-Koby population, such as placement into the grave of a broken (disassembled?) bow and a large number of arrows, covering the person’s body at the time of the burial.
Environment and man in the Late Palaeolithic — Middle Ages in the southern Primorye: review
Authors: Lyashchevskaya M.S. , Bazarova V.B. , Dorofeeva N.A.
Published: June 2023

Questions concerning the effect of environment on appearance, development and disappearance of ar-chaeological cultures in the territory of southern Primorye have been addressed in the article. The chronological framework of the research is from the Late Palaeolithic through to the Middle Ages. Thirty three natural sections of different genesis have been examined for reconstruction of the Late Pleistocene — Holocene environment. Palynological, diatomic and radiocarbon methods have been used for their examination. The data on archaeologi-cal periods and cultures have been provided based on the analysis of materials of Primorye archaeological sites (including 14 Palaeolithic, 33 Neolithic, 30 Paleometal, and 15 Medieval). Climatic changes have been discussed in terms of their effect on the resource base of people. The earliest Palaeolithic sites, which 14C date approxi-mately 16,000 years BP, were found in Eastern part of Primorye. Climate warming and rise of sea level in the Early Neolithic (ca. 8,000 years 14C BP) facilitated the growth of resource base and expansion of the Neolithic people with sustainable adaptation models in Primorye. This manifested in the appearance of long-term settle-ments and differentiation of the tool sets. The beginning of the sea regression around 6,000 14С years BP resulted in the extinction of the Boysman Culture. Slight cooling and aridization of the climate 5,600–5,400 14C years BP contributed to the appearance of a new cultural tradition involved with agriculture. The long existence of cultures in the Late Neolithic and Paleometal periods, with significant climatic shifts, can be explained by introducing mixed economy model with increased role of the economy of producing type. In the Late Paleometal and Medieval periods, economic, political and military factors had a great impact on communities, along with environment and climatic factors. Correlation of palaeogeographical and archaeological data demonstrated a certain synchronicity of environmental changes and cultural events. Climatic fluctuations led to migrations, variations in local population den-sity, changes in adaptation strategies of the people, and changes of direction of economic activities.
Soil biochemical inticators of initial presence of fat in different archaeological contexts
Authors: Chernysheva E.V. , Kashirskaya N.N. , Dushchanova K.S.
Published: June 2023

The article proposes a new biochemical approach for the reconstruction of the initial presence of fat-containing products in different archaeological contexts (ceramic vessels from burials, soil samples in different parts of the skeleton and cultural layers of archaeological sites) based on the study of qualitative and quantitative changes in the parameters of the soil microbial community, namely, specific groups of microorganisms (lipolytics), a number of lipolytic enzymes, as well as the utilization spectrum of readily available low molecular weight sub-strates. Ground samples of the studied objects were collected in the following regions: ceramic vessels — the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the Chechen Republic; burials — Krasnodar Krai; the cultural layer of the settlement — Lipetsk region. The number of lipolytic microorganisms and the level of enzymatic activity in the soil directly depend on the amount of the incoming substrate, in the decomposition of which they participate. After the decomposition of organic residues in the soil, a microbial and enzyme pools are formed, which can persist for a long period. The obtained preliminary data on the study of the decomposition dynamics of fatty substrates give us possibility for the reconstruction of the initial presence of fat in different archaeological contexts using the methods of soil microbiology and biochemistry. But, for a more accurate extrapolation of the results of a model experiment to archaeological objects, more points of observation in time are needed, since the introduction of substrates with different properties and composition can provoke microbial community succession in different ways. Hence, the equilibrium state of the microbial community in each variant of the experiment will be reached at different times. However, the results of the study of soils and cultural layers of archaeological sites of Bronze Age and early me-dieval time have convincingly shown the possibility of applying our approach. As we assumed, the maximum li-pase activity was found in the soil samples under the skull, chest and pelvis, i.e. in areas of human body with the highest content of fat tissues. This showed the possibility for reconstruction the original contents of the vessels from burials using the methods of soil microbiology and biochemistry. A high number of lipolytic microorganisms and lipase activity were detected only in 15–20 % of the vessels. We suggest that fat food may not have been as widely used in the funeral rite as ritual food. The study of lipase activity made it possible to clarify the features of the economic usage of the territory of archaeological site, to identify possible places for cooking.
Boron adsorption on modified zeolites: Effect of modifier and source of water
Authors:   INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL, Flores Díaz Alicia Amairani , Velázquez Machuca Martha Alicia ,   INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL, Medina Ramírez Adriana ,   UNIVERSIDAD DE GUANAJUATO, Montañez Soto José Luis ,   INTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL, González José Venegas ,   INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL, Pimentel Equihua José Luis ,   COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOSCAMPUS MONTECILLOS
Published: June 2023

The removal of boron from drinking water is a concern in various parts of the world due to the toxic effects of this metalloid in high concentrations. In this paper, zeolites LTL and FAU X were synthesized and modified with salts of nickel (NiCl2), iron (FeCl3), and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) in order to promote their affinity for boron species present in aqueous systems. The adsorption capacity of modified zeolites for boron was evaluated in a synthetic boron solution and with groundwater samples for human use. The effect of the pH and zeolite dose was studied in adsorption tests using groundwater. The modified zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen physisorption, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Results indicated that the modification of zeolites favors affinity for boron species. The highest adsorption capacity of boron on zeolites was achieved in the synthetic solution. The adsorption capacity of the modified zeolites depended on the pH, the electrical conductivity, the modifying agent, the zeolitic structure, and the dose of adsorbent. The zeolitic structure-modifying agent interaction was decisive for boron adsorption capacity, with LTL-Ni zeolite being the best-performing adsorbent, thanks to its textural properties and nickel’s ability to form complexes with boron species.
A New Paradigm of Sustainable Balance Scorecard Model for Sport Tourism
Authors: Heebkhoksung Krongthong , Rattanawong Wachai , Vongmanee Varin
Published: June 2023

An integration between the principles in supply change management in sport tourism and sustainability balanced scorecard leads to development of guidance and assessment criteria for a city to be a sustainable sport tourist destination. This paper aims to present a sport tourism sustainability management model (STSM), consisting of 5 perspectives, namely financial perspective, customer perspective, internal process perspective, learning and growth perspective and sustainability perspective. By using Delphi technique to obtain a consensus from experts, university lecturers, independent organization/association and business entities in relation to sport tourism management, the researcher defines elements to assess complex perspective for sustainable development of sport tourism. The result shows that there are 5 perspectives and 18 elements in relation to sustainable development of sport tourism. All perspectives and elements have high consensus as measured by Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (W) of .488. To validate the model, the researcher examines correlation among the five perspectives with structural equation model and finds that the absolute fit is satisfactory, with the value of CMIN/DF at 1.830, RMSEA at .046, GFI at .951, AGFI at .919 and RMR at .038. In addition, the incremental fit also demonstrates positive result with the value of NFI at .962, CFI at .982, TLI at .973 and IFI at .982. As the model aligns and explains empirical data, it can support decision making for management team, effective and efficient strategy drafting for sustainable development in sport tourism and improving livelihoods of residents.
Predicting Groundwater Levels at Colorado State of USA Using ARIMA and ANN Models
Authors: Ghafoor Hifsa , Umer Rahila , Muhammad Jan , Rauf Zahid , Ali Fatima , Shahwani Muhammad Naeem
Published: June 2023

Variations in groundwater levels that are noticed in different parts of the world are typically the primary focus of research carried out in hydrology. The fluctuating levels of groundwater can be ascribed to several different factors, some of which include an increase in the demand for water, inappropriate irrigation practices, improper management of soil, and unregulated extraction from aquifers. It is necessary to effectively manage groundwater resources to have a trustworthy method of measuring and forecasting groundwater levels. The dynamics of groundwater are inherently uneven and difficult to understand. As a result, applying methods driven by data could potentially yield significant gains in hydrology. In this study, two data-driven models were utilized to estimate groundwater levels at a total of 4 monitoring wells located in Colorado state, USA. These models included ARIMA and ANN. The comparative analysis of the algorithms made use of a data set that had one month's worth of information from each of the years 1980 to 2019. The models were put through their paces, and the results of those tests were statistically and visually assessed. To evaluate the relative accuracy and precision of the models, the mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were used. When compared to ARIMA, the analysis demonstrates that ANN can produce the most accurate forecasts of groundwater levels in Colorado state USA.
Motion of Particles in Schwarzschild Black Hole Surrounded by an External Electrostatic Field
Authors: Albadawi Ahmad
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we discussed the motion of neutral and charged particles in Schwarzschild black hole immersed in an electromagnetic universe (SEBH). The SEBH represents a mass M coupled to an external electromagnetic field that was derived from the metric of colliding electromagnetic waves with double polarization. Our study examine how the external electromagnetic field affects the trajectory of neutral and charged particles. First, the trajectories of both photon and test particle are studied. Then, the exact solutions for the trajectories are obtained in terms of the Jacobi-elliptic integrals for all possible energy and angular momentum of test particle and photon. We have also discussed the motion of charged particle and obtained the radius of the innermost circular orbit (ISCO). It is especially interesting when the charge sign is positive since this creates a conflict between gravitational (attraction force) and electric (repulsion force). Furthermore, we discuss the Lyapunov exponent and the effective force influencing particles in SEBH spacetime.
Hybrid PET/MRI in Neuro-oncology: Current Status and Perspectives
Authors: Langen Karl-Josef , Galldiks Norbert , Mauler Jörg , Kocher Martin , Filss Christian P. , Stoffels Gabriele , Regio-Brambilla Claudia , Stegmayr Carina , Willuweit Antje , Worthoff Wieland A. , Shah Jon , Lerche Christoph , Mottaghy Felix , Lohmann Philipp
Published: June 2023

Advanced MRI methods and PET using radiolabeled amino acids provide valuable information in addition to conventional MR imaging for brain tumor diagnostics. These methods are particularly helpful in challenging situations such as the differentiation of malignant processes from benign lesions, the identification of non-enhancing glioma subregions, the differentiation of tumor progression from treatment-related changes, and the early assessment of response to anticancer therapy. The debate over which of the methods is preferable in which situation is ongoing and has been addressed in numerous studies. Currently, most radiology and nuclear medicine departments perform these examinations independently of each other leading to multiple examinations for the patient. The advent of hybrid PET/MRI allowed a convergence of the methods but to date simultaneous imaging has reached little relevance in clinical neuro-oncology. This is partly due to the limited availability of hybrid PET/MRI scanners, but is also due to the fact that PET is a second-line examination in brain tumors. PET is only required in equivocal situations, and spatial co-registration of PET examinations of the brain to previous MRI is possible without disadvantage. A key factor for the benefit of PET/MRI in neuro-oncology is a multimodal approach that provides decisive improvements in the diagnostics of brain tumors compared with a single modality. This systematic review focuses on studies that were able to demonstrate the additive value of amino acid PET and ‘advanced’ MRI in the diagnosis of brain tumors. Available studies suggest that the combination of amino acid PET and advanced MRI improves grading and the histomolecular characterization of newly diagnosed tumors. However, data concerning the delineation of tumor extent and biopsy guidance are of limited value. A clear additive diagnostic value of amino acid PET and advanced MRI can be achieved regarding the differentiation of tumor recurrence from treatment-related changes. Here, PET-guided evaluation of advanced MR methods seems to be helpful. In summary, there is growing evidence that a multimodal approach can achieve decisive improvements in the diagnostics of brain tumors, for which hybrid PET/MRI offers optimal conditions.
Hematological and Physiological Responses under Repeated Acute Hypoxia in Rainbow Trout (Onchorynchus mykiss)
Authors: Ruiz Nuria , García-Meilán Irene , Khansari Ali Reza , Teles Mariana , Pastor Josep , Tort Lluis
Published: June 2023

Oxygen is a limiting factor both in the environment and production systems, so reduction may become a stressor. Diel cyclic hypoxia occurs with varying frequency and duration in freshwater habitats. Under a stressful situation fish activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis (HPI) which triggers the release of cortisol that induces secondary and tertiary responses. The recovery of individuals depends on their ability to modulate physiological, and biochemical responses to maintain homeostasis. The aim of this study is to determine the hematological and physiological responses of rainbow trout under repeated hypoxic stress in different time points. The methodology of the experiment consisted of dividing the fish in 5 different treatment groups, 2 control groups and 3 hypoxia groups. Every exposure consisted in decrease the dissolved oxygen concentration from 8mg O2/L to 2mg O2/L for 1 hour. After the exposure the fish went to a recovery tank until the sampling procedure. Hematological and physiological results show a habituation of the fish to different parameters such as hematocrit, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume among others. Overall, our results indicate an ability of rainbow trout to resist this type of hypoxic exposures and a habituation of fish to repeated hypoxia as observed in the different measured parameters.
Association of Serum Oxysterols with Cholesterol Metabolism Markers and Clinical Factors in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Covariance Structure Analysis
Authors: Akiyama Yusuke , Katsuki Shunsuke , Matoba Tetsuya , Nakano Yasuhiro , Takase Susumu , Nakashiro Soichi , Yamamoto Mitsutaka , Mukai Yasushi , Inoue Shujiro , Oi Keiji , Higo Taiki , Takemoto Masao , Suematsu Nobuhiro , Eshima Kenichi , Miyata Kenji , Usui Makoto , Sadamatsu Kenji , Kadokami Toshiaki , Hironaga Kiyoshi , Ichi Ikuyo , Todaka Koji , Kishimoto Junji , Tsutsui Hiroyuki
Published: June 2023

Oxysterols have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Serum levels of oxysterols could be positively correlated with cholesterol absorption and synthesis. However, physiological regulation of various serum oxysterols is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical factors and cholesterol metabolism markers, and identify oxysterols associated with cholesterol absorption and synthesis in patients with coronary artery disease. Subjects (n=207) who underwent coronary stenting between 2011 and 2013 were studied cross-sectionally. We measured lipid profiles including serum oxysterols. As for the serum biomarkers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption, oxysterol levels were positively correlated with campesterol and lathosterol. Covariance structure analysis revealed that dyslipidemia and statin usage had a positive correlation with “cholesterol absorption”. Statin usage also had a positive correlation with “cholesterol synthesis” Several oxysterols associated with cholesterol absorption and/or synthesis. In conclusion, we elucidated the potential clinical factors that may affect cholesterol metabolism, and the associations between various oxysterols with cholesterol absorption and/or synthesis in patients with coronary artery disease.