bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Vibrio spp. from Gill of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) Towards Antibiotics
Authors: Heriyati Eny , Larasati Prita Lintang
Published: November 2023

Vibrio spp. bacteria are aquatic bacteria that can be found in brackish water and estuaries, and they have opportunistic pathogenic properties. These bacteria are usually dominant in brackish and estuarine areas such as river mouths, rivers, ponds, and seas with salinities between 20-40 ppt and a temperature of 37°C. The aim of this research is to determine the susceptibility and sensitivity of Vibrio spp. bacteria to various types of antibiotics. The Vibrio spp. bacteria isolated in this study were obtained from barramundi fish (Lates calcarifer). If they are still sensitive, the growth of Vibrio spp. bacteria can be inhibited by antibiotic administration. The effectiveness of antibiotics against Vibrio spp. bacteria in barramundi fish was tested using eight types of antibiotics, namely Co-Amoxiclav, Gentamicin, Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Azithromycin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, and Ampicillin. Bacteria that are sensitive to specific types of antibiotics have larger inhibition zones. The measurement of inhibition zones was carried out using a caliper by measuring the vertical and horizontal diameters and then dividing by 2 to obtain the average. This average was compared to a standard interpretative zone diameter chart to determine antibiotic sensitivity and resistance status using the Disk Diffusion method. Tetracycline and Ampicillin antibiotics can inhibit or are resistant to Vibrio spp. bacteria with a percentage of 0.08%. Gentamicin has greater sensitivity compared to the other tested antibiotics. In this study, the Vibrio spp. obtained are still sensitive to certain types of antibiotics and resistant to Ampicillin.
Mo(ve)ments Beyond Marginalization1
Authors: Mørck Line Lerche
Published: November 2023

Artiklen formidler indholdet af en professorattiltrædelsesforelæsning inden for området: “Omfattende identitetstransformation, overskridende læring og ændringer i tilhørsforhold, med særligt fokus på bevægelser, der overskrider bandeinvolvering og radikalisering”. Titlen på tiltrædelsesforelæsningen er: “Mo(ve)ments beyond marginalisation”. Artiklen handler om, hvordan man kan udforske og forstå marginalisering på måder, der samtidig bidrager til overskridelsen af marginalisering. Den valgte overskrift er en måde at konceptualisere og rammesætte, hvordan jeg arbejder med forebyggelsesområdet i bred forstand. I artiklen konkretiseres det, hvordan der arbejdes teoretisk, metodologisk og med praksisudvikling, med udgangspunkt i bl.a. social praksisteori og kritisk psykologisk praksisforskningstradition. Artiklen formidler, hvordan teorien om grænsefællesskaber er blevet anvendt og videreudviklet over tid i arbejdet med overskridelse af marginalisering i og på tværs af forskellige forskningsprojekter. Artiklen illustrerer, hvordan ‘mo(ve) ments beyond marginalisation’ udforskes og samskabes i forskningssamarbejdet, bl.a. med en tidligere rocker, der er i gang med sin exitproces. Et samarbejde der resulterede i udviklingen af en særlig metode til at udforske identitetstransformation, den såkaldte mo(ve) ment-metodologi og i nye strategier for social praksis etik. Artiklen ender med at præsentere en metode til bandeforebyggelse Livsførelseslisten som en prototype, herunder hvordan man kan arbejde med rekontekstualisering af prototyper til andre praksisfelter, som eksempelvis inklusion i indskolingen.
Familieliv i komplekse forløb fra krig til eksil
Authors: Shapiro Ditte K
Published: November 2023

Denne artikel er baseret på ph.d. afhandlingen “Familieliv på flugt – Syriske familiers oplevelse af brud og genskabelse af hverdagsliv” og forsvaret, som blev afholdt på Roskilde Universitet i november 2017 (Shapiro, 2017a). Forskningsprojektet tog udgangspunkt i spørgsmålet, hvordan familier oplever og håndterer at opretholde og udvikle en fælles daglig livsførelse igennem komplekse forløb, hvor de flygter fra krig, søger asyl og får midlertidig opholdstilladelse i Danmark. For at besvare dette spørgsmål fulgte jeg, sammen med en tolk, fem familier fra Syrien, fra de netop havde søgt asyl, til de havde haft mid- lertidig opholdstilladelse og boet i en dansk kommune i et år, inspireret af praksisforskning og etnografiske metoder. Formålet med projektet var at få indsigt i sammenhænge, som henholdsvis begrænser og giver familier muligheder for at genvinde grebet om deres liv i skiftende kontekster. Med udgangspunkt i en subjekt-teoretisk tilgang og begrebet ‘daglig livsførelse’ søgte jeg at udvikle et situeret familieperspektiv på flugt og genskabelse af hverdagsliv.

Afhandlingen viser, at gentagne brud og kollektiv håndtering af foranderlige livsbetingelser udgør gennemgående aspekter af familiers flugt- og genetableringsforløb. Det forskningsmæssige perspektiv på familiers flerårige forløb giver indblik i komplekse processer, hvormed familiers handleevne ændres i samspil med skiftende livsbetingelser, og hvor adgang til lokale sammenhænge har afgørende betydning for familiers handlemuligheder i hverdagen. Analyserne udfolder flygtede familiers sammensatte hverdagsliv på tværs af lokale og transnationale sammenhænge, og viser hvordan flugt- og genskabelsesforløb kan udgøre en afmægtiggørende proces præget af isolation, afmagt og lidelse. Samtidig viser analyserne også et det er muligt for nyankomne familier at udvikle et lokalt tilhørsforhold samt føre et på engang opbrudt og sammenhængende familieliv. Indsigten i de komplekse sammenhænge, som har betydning for familiers oplevelse af afmagt eller rådighed, tilhørsforhold eller isolation, peger på en forståelse af familiers handleevne og oplevelse af lidelse, som knyttet til deres aktuelle livsbe- tingelser i eksil.
Exploring Low-Code Development: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors:   Alumni of Riga Technical University, 6A Kipsalas Street, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia, Rokis Karlis , Kirikova Marite ,   Institute of Applied Computer Systems, Riga Technical University, 6A Kipsalas Street, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
Published: November 2023

Low-code development provides the ability to create software using visual application development tools, predefined components, and automation, minimizing the reliance on manual coding. Furthermore, it enables individuals with limited programming expertise to actively contribute to software development in collaboration with information technology (IT) professionals, improving the alignment between customer or business requirements and the developed solution. This approach speeds up the development process, fosters closer collaboration between software development and business teams, and enhances the organization’s ability to respond to business and market demands or changes. In this article, existing knowledge of low-code development from multiple perspectives is summarized, including the definitions, used tools, applied development lifecycles, application areas, potential benefits, challenges, and, consequently, relevant development and delivery principles.
Reentrant localization phenomenon in one-dimensional cross-stitch lattice with flat band
Authors: Lu Zhan-Peng , Xu Zhi-Hao ,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: November 2023

In this work, we numerically study the localization properties in a quasi-periodically modulated one-dimensional cross-stitch lattice with a flat band. When \begin{document}$\varDelta\neq0$\end{document}, it is found that there are two different quasi-periodic modulation frequencies in the system after the local transformation, and the competing modulation by two frequencies may lead to the reentrant localization transition in the system. By numerically solving the fractal dimension, the average inverse participation ratio, and the average normalized participation ratio, we confirm that the system can undergo twice localization transitions. It means that the system first becomes localized as the disorder increases, at some critical points, some of the localized states go back to the delocalized ones, and as the disorder further increases, the system again becomes fully localized. By the scalar analysis of the normalized participation ratio, we confirm that reentrant localization stably exists in the system. And the local phase diagram is also obtained. From the local phase diagram, we find that when \begin{document}$1.6<\varDelta<1.9$\end{document}, the system undergoes a cascade of delocalization-localization-delocalization-localization transition by increasing λ. When \begin{document}$\varDelta=0$\end{document}, there exists only one quasi-periodic modulation frequency in the system. And we analytically obtain the expressions of the mobility edges, which are in consistence with the numerical studies by calculating the fractal dimension. And the system exhibits one localization transition. This work could expand the understanding of the reentrant localization in a flat band system and offers a new perspective on the research of the reentrant localization transition.
A colourful duplication
Authors: Llaurens Violaine
Published: November 2023

A genetic duplication event during evolution allowed male wood tiger moths to have either yellow or white patterns on their wings.
A realistic in silico abdominal phantom for quantitative susceptibility mapping
Authors:   , Silva Javier I.
Published: November 2023

La aplicación de mapas cuantitativos de susceptibilidad (QSM) ha cobrado un reciente interés en regiones fuera del cerebro, debido a su potencial como biomarcador de sobrecarga de hierro hepático y enfermedad crónica de riñón. No obstante, a diferencia del cerebro, la aplicación de QSM en el abdomen requiere modificar el proceso de reconstrucción para lidiar con las contribuciones adicionales en la señal de fase, provenientes de los gases y el tejido graso. Los trabajos más recientes abordan el problema de las contribuciones de grasa mediante distintas estrategias, pero no evalúan el desempeño de estas ni cómo los errores propagados desde las etapas de pre-procesamiento afectan a los mapas reconstruidos. En este trabajo presentamos un fantoma abdominal de QSM con texturas realistas, el cual puede ser empleado para evaluar y comparar el desempeño de diferentes estrategias de QSM abdominal. Hemos elaborado este fantoma empleando un modelo flexible, que permite emular distintos escenarios de susceptibilidad y contribuciones a la señal de resonancia magnética. A modo de validar su potencial como ground truth, hemos empleado el fantoma para evaluar cómo la estrategia de adquisiciones en fase y la estrategia basada en separación de agua y grasa por Iterative Graph Cuts (ICG) afectan el desempeño de los algoritmos de QSM. Las simulaciones realizadas muestran que el fantoma efectivamente simula valores de susceptibilidad con texturas de apariencia realista, a la vez que presenta una correcta evolución de la señal de fase. Por otro lado, los experimentos de reconstrucción dejan en evidencia el potencial de nuestro fantoma para identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de las distintas estrategias estudiadas, como la tendencia de IGC a propagar errores residuales en regiones con cambios abruptos de susceptibilidad, o la robustez de los métodos de reconstrucción basados en regularización por variación total (TV).
Implementation of a reliability cell in a natural gas treatment unit
Authors: Soares Evandro Bezerra , Ferreira Felipe Facco Mendes , Barbosa Priscila Pasti
Published: November 2023

Maintenance management in large companies is essential to ensure the continuous, safe and efficient operation of their complex systems and assets. The implementation of reliability cells plays a crucial role in this context. These cells are multidisciplinary teams dedicated to improving equipment reliability through data analysis, performance monitoring, predictive maintenance, and preventive actions. By adopting this approach, companies can proactively identify potential failures, minimize unplanned downtime, and extend asset life. Furthermore, reliability cells contribute to worker safety, reduced operating costs and increased market competitiveness, making them a crucial tool in the management of large companies. In this context, the implementation of the security cell aims to improve and solve problems in a simplified way, through strategic planning. Through data validation, performance, and disclosure with their pre-determined deadlines for each subsystem of the unit, corrective maintenance was minimized, and preventive and predictive maintenance were improved, generating maximum equipment availability.
Identification and expression analysis of LEA gene family members in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Zhao Yongyan , Hao Yupeng , Dong Zeyu , Tang Wenchen , Wang Xueqiang , Li Jun , Wang Luyao , Hu Yan , Fang Lei , Guan Xueying , Gu Fenglin , Liu Ziji , Zhang Zhiyuan
Published: November 2023

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important crop containing capsaicinoids in the seed and placenta, which has various culinary, medical, and industrial applications. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are a large group of hydrophilic proteins participating in the plant stress response and seed development. However, to date there have been no genome‐wide analyses of the LEA gene family in pepper. In the present study, 82 LEA genes were identified in the C. annuum genome and classified into nine subfamilies. Most CaLEA genes contain few introns (≤ 2) and are unevenly distributed across 10 chromosomes. Eight pairs of tandem duplication genes and two pairs of segmental duplication genes were identified in the LEA gene family; these duplicated genes were highly conserved and may have performed similar functions during evolution. Expression profile analysis indicated that CaLEA genes exhibited different tissue expression patterns, especially during embryonic development and stress response, particularly in cold stress. Three out of five CaLEA genes showed induced expression upon cold treatment. In summary, we have comprehensively reviewed the LEA gene family in pepper, offering a new perspective on the evolution of this family.
Shifting Contexts: Liam Young's Prototypes of Architectural Futures
Authors: Hopkins Owen
Published: November 2023

Digital technologies and visualisation techniques are changing the site(s) of architecture, as well as the notion of context and how architecture responds to it. In an interview with Guest‐Editor Owen Hopkins, architect and filmmaker Liam Young discusses the shifting nature of ‘site’, architecture's possible futures and the centrality of speculation for the profession.
Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid Loaded miR‐23b Inhibits Synovial Inflammation and Cartilage Matrix Degradation in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wang Lihang , Wang Yun , Lu Tingsheng , Luo Chunshan , Qiu Bing , Huang Shishu , Lin Yunfeng
Published: November 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial inflammation that eventually leads to joint destruction. Treatment for RA primarily consists of cytokine inhibitors, B cell‐depleting agents, and T cell costimulatory blocking agents. In recent years, miRNAs have come into play with better therapeutic results and less side effects, yet their clinical use is often limited by their structural instability. By incorporating miR‐23b into the structure of tFNAs to form a complex named T‐23b, the stability of miR‐23b is enhanced, allowing for an efficient delivery in the organism to fully exert its therapeutic effect. At the histological level, T‐23b treatment alleviates synovial inflammation by inhibiting the infiltration of inflammatory cells and suppressing synovial hyperplasia. It also prohibits pathologic angiogenesis, cartilage matrix degradation, and osteoclast generation to protect joint structures. At the cellular level, it inhibits the migration of synovial fibroblasts and also the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory and osteoclastic factors. At the transcriptional level, T‐23b can regulate the expression of related genes, leading to improvement in the phenotypes associated with the aforementioned disease. These effects are significantly more pronounced compared to the individual effects of miR‐23b and tFNAs respectively, making T‐23b a potential alternative for treating RA in the future.
3D Printed Flexible Zinc Ion Micro‐Batteries with High Areal Capacity Toward Practical Application
Authors: Lu Yongyi , Wang Zhihao , Li Min , Li Zongyang , Hu Xinyu , Xu Qunjie , Wang Yuehui , Liu Haimei , Wang Yonggang
Published: November 2023

Printed zinc ion micro‐batteries (PZIMBs) possess characteristics such as miniaturization, customizability, and affordability, making them highly promising for the field of flexible electronic devices. Nevertheless, the current development of PZIMBs is seriously hindered by their limited areal capacity. In this study, PZIMBs with a high areal capacity are conducted based on 3D printing technology by optimizing the material properties, electrode ink formulation, and printing parameters. The cathode material, polyvinylpyrrolidone‐induced ammonium vanadate (P‐NVO) nanobelt, exhibits a high capacity of 457.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 mA g−1, along with good cycling performance and rate capability. The double‐network hydrogel electrolyte, composed of crosslinked polyacrylamide‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (PAM‐PVP hydrogel electrolyte), demonstrates excellent ionic conductivity (107.22 mS cm−1), high stretchability (970%), and viscosity. The constructed PZIMBs exhibit a high areal capacity of 4.02 mAh cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2, along with good mechanical flexibility. Moreover, through the integration of PZIMBs with pressure sensors, an interactive system is developed that resembles electronic skin, and this integration enables practical applications of wearable devices. This study presents a novel approach for fabricating PZIMBs with high areal capacity, thereby contributing to and propelling the advancement of flexible energy storage.
Suppressing Chemical and Galvanic Corrosion in Anode‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries Through Electrolyte Design
Authors: Zhou Bingxin , Stoševski Ivan , Bonakdarpour Arman , Wilkinson David P.
Published: November 2023

The advancement of anode‐free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) is greatly appreciated due to their exceptional energy density. Despite considerable efforts to enhance the cycling performance of AFLMBs, the understanding of lithium corrosion, which leads to substantial capacity loss during the open circuit voltage (OCV), regardless of electrolyte chemistry, remains limited. In particular, the connection between electrolytes and lithium corrosion performance lacks clear understanding, and the impact of solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) composition on resistance against lithium corrosion remains elusive. This study explores, for the first time, the effects of salt concentration and solvents on the lithium corrosion behavior in AFLMBs, utilizing the lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI)‐1,2 dimethoxyethane (DME)‐1,3 dioxolane (DOL) electrolyte system. The findings reveal that increasing salt concentration leads to the suppression of chemical corrosion but exacerbation of galvanic corrosion. The key to effectively suppressing both chemical and galvanic corrosion lies in promoting the coordination of less‐soluble particles and polymers within the SEI. This conclusion is further validated by a two‐step electrolyte modification measurement. As a result, a new electrolyte formula, 0.5 M LiFSI‐0.5 M LiBF2(C2O4)‐0.5 M LiNO3(DME/fluoroethylene carbonate or FEC), is prepared and shown to have improved resistance to both chemical and galvanic corrosion, and the Coulombic efficiency loss from chemical corrosion is reduced to 0.13%.
Maleimide‐Controlled Formation of Indanonylpyrrolinediones and Spiroindanonylpyrrolinediones via Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation of Sulfoxonium Ylides
Authors: Muthuraja Perumal , Saeed Akhtar Muhammad , Gopinath Purushothaman , Rok Lee Yong
Published: November 2023

A substrate‐controlled [4+1] annulation of sulfoxonium ylides with maleimides via Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H bond activation is developed. The reaction of sulfoxonium ylides with 2‐methyl‐N‐arylmaleimides in the presence of AgNTf2 diastereoselectively provides diversely functionalized indanonylpyrroline‐2,5‐dione derivatives. Furthermore, in the presence of AgBF4, the subsequent reaction with maleimides leads to biologically intriguing various spiroindanonylpyrroline‐2,5‐diones. This methodology offers a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and diastereoselectivity.
Design of Electrocatalytic Janus WSeS/WSe2 Heterostructure Nanowall Electrodes with High Selectivity and Faradaic Efficiency for Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Peng Yu‐Ren , Tang Shin‐Yi , Yang Tzi‐Yi , Sino Paul Albert , Chen Yuan‐Chun , Chaudhary Mayur , Chen Chieh‐Ting , Cyu Ruei‐Hong , Chung Chia‐Chen , Gu Bing‐Ni , Liu Ming‐Jing , Hsu Che‐Hao , Huang Hung‐Yi , Lee Ling , Wu Shu‐Chi , Jen Yu‐Yi , Cheng You‐Song , Hu Chi‐Chang , Miao Wen‐Chien , Kuo Hao‐Chung , Chueh Yu‐Lun
Published: November 2023

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is an attractive process for next‐generation ammonia synthesis; therefore, identifying a suitable catalyst for this reaction is critical. In recent years, transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and their Janus structures have gained significant attention because of their outstanding catalytic properties. However, the synthesis of Janus TMDs remains challenging, and exposing their active sites is difficult when using a low‐dimensional structure to improve the catalytic activity. To date, relatively little research has been conducted in this area. Herein, emerging Janus WSeS/WSe2 heterostructure nanowalls are systematically explored. These nanowalls are used as a nitrogen fixation catalyst in electrolytes. The nanowalls demonstrate a significant NH3 yield rate and Faradaic efficiency of 13.97 µg h‐mgcat−1 and 35.24% at −0.3 V in 0.1 m HCl, as well as 15.96 µg h‐mgcat−1 and 40.2% in 0.1 M Na2SO4. This study presents an in‐depth analysis of the properties of Janus WSeS/WSe2 heterostructure nanowalls and a conceptual framework for linking TMD‐based catalysts and the NRR.
Detection of TDP‐43 seeding activity in the olfactory mucosa from patients with frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Fontana Elena , Bongianni Matilde , Benussi Alberto , Bronzato Erika , Scialo Carlo , Sacchetto Luca , Cagnin Annachiara , Castriciano Santina , Buratti Emanuele , Gardoni Fabrizio , Italia Maria , Schreiber Alberto , Ferracin Chiara , Fiorini Michele , Newell Kathy L. , Cracco Laura , Garringer Holly J. , Cecchini Maria Paola , Polymenidou Magdalini , Padovani Alessandro , Monaco Salvatore , Legname Giuseppe , Ghetti Bernardino , Borroni Barbara , Zanusso Gianluigi
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

We assessed TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) seeding activity and aggregates detection in olfactory mucosa of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP‐43‐immunoreactive pathology (FTLD‐TDP) by TDP‐43 seeding amplification assay (TDP43‐SAA) and immunocytochemical analysis.

METHODS

The TDP43‐SAA was optimized using frontal cortex samples from 16 post mortem cases with FTLD‐TDP, FTLD with tau inclusions, and controls. Subsequently, olfactory mucosa samples were collected from 17 patients with FTLD‐TDP, 15 healthy controls, and three patients carrying MAPT variants.

RESULTS

TDP43‐SAA discriminated with 100% accuracy post mortem cases presenting or lacking TDP‐43 neuropathology. TDP‐43 seeding activity was detectable in the olfactory mucosa, and 82.4% of patients with FTLD‐TDP tested positive, whereas 86.7% of controls tested negative (P < 0.001). Two out of three patients with MAPT mutations tested negative. In TDP43‐SAA positive samples, cytoplasmatic deposits of phosphorylated TDP‐43 in the olfactory neural cells were detected.

DISCUSSION

TDP‐43 aggregates can be detectable in olfactory mucosa, suggesting that TDP43‐SAA might be useful for identifying and monitoring FTLD‐TDP in living patients.
Adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of porous hypercrosslinked polymers with adjustable functional groups toward doxycycline hydrochloride from water
Authors: Guo Yingjie , Chen Zan , Hu Xue , Du Yawei , Duan Cuijia , Li Claudia , Kawi Sibudjing , Li Yinhui
Published: November 2023

Imino hypercrosslinked polymers (NH‐HCPs), amino hypercrosslinked polymers (NH2‐HCPs), and carboxyl hypercrosslinked polymers (COOH‐HCPs) were synthesized through cross‐linking and Friedel‐Crafts reactions to serve as highly efficient adsorbents for doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX) in water. These polymers, NH‐HCPs, NH2‐HCPs, and COOH‐HCPs, exhibited specific surface areas measuring 450, 267.576, and 94.39 m2/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of DOX onto these polymers were consistent with the pseudo‐second‐order model, while the adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model (NH‐HCPs) and Freundlich model (NH2‐HCPs and COOH‐HCPs), respectively. The maximum DOX adsorption capacities for NH‐HCPs, NH2‐HCPs, and COOH‐HCPs were 166.82, 132.43, and 72.07 mg/g, respectively. Simulation results indicated that COOH‐HCPs exhibited the strongest adsorption capability due to a substantial presence of oxygen and nitrogen groups on its surface, enabling the formation of hydrogen bonds with DOX. However, its actual adsorption capacity was the lowest among the polymers, indicating that structural adjustments played a more significant role in improving adsorption performance compared to functional adjustments. Adsorption experiments conducted with NH‐HCPs and NH2‐HCPs further supported this hypothesis. The primary DOX adsorption mechanism of NH‐HCPs, NH2‐HCPs, and COOH‐HCPs involved the H‐bonding of oxygen and nitrogen functional groups, along with other mechanisms such as π‐π conjugated effects, pore‐filling effects, electrostatic interactions, and acid–base interactions. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of NH‐HCPs, NH2‐HCPs, and COOH‐HCPs in DOX removal from water, highlighting the significant influence of structural adjustments on adsorption performance.
Safe Drinking Water Act Enforcement: Updates and Information for Water Utilities
Authors: Tenpas Ron , Snow Corinne , Flesch Hannah M.
Published: November 2023

Key Takeaways

Public water systems should assess their compliance with regulatory requirements and be prepared for additional scrutiny from regulators.

The US Environmental Protection Agency may apply pressure to include climate‐related assessments in Section 1433 risk and resilience plans.

Regulators have the authority to seek information from utilities and inspect facilities.

Utilities operating in overburdened communities should be especially aware of regulatory requirements and be prepared for more inspections.
Molecular Adhesion of a Pilus‐Derived Peptide Involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation on Non‐Polar ZnO‐Surfaces
Authors: Prüßner Tim , Meinderink Dennis , Zhu Siqi , Orive Alejandro G. , Kielar Charlotte , Huck Marten , Steinrück Hans‐Georg , Keller Adrian , Grundmeier Guido
Published: November 2023

Bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces are initiated by the adhesion of peptides and proteins. Understanding the adhesion of such peptides and proteins at a molecular level thus represents an important step toward controlling and suppressing biofilm formation on technological and medical materials. This study investigates the molecular adhesion of a pilus‐derived peptide that facilitates biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a multidrug‐resistant opportunistic pathogen frequently encountered in healthcare settings. Single‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) was performed on chemically etched ZnO
surfaces to gather insights about peptide adsorption force and its kinetics. Metal‐free click chemistry for the fabrication of peptide‐terminated SMFS cantilevers was performed on amine‐terminated gold cantilevers and verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and polarization‐modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM‐IRRAS). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and XPS analyses reveal stable topographies and surface chemistries of the substrates that are not affected by SMFS. Rupture events described by the worm‐like chain model (WLC) up to 600 pN were detected for the non‐polar ZnO surfaces. The dissociation barrier energy at zero force ΔG(0), the transition state distance xb and bound‐unbound dissociation rate at zero force koff(0) for the single crystalline substrate indicate that coordination and hydrogen bonds dominate the peptide/surface interaction.
Probing the Behavior of Composition‐Tunable Ultrathin PtNi Nanowires for CO Oxidation and Small‐Molecule Electrocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Hurley Nathaniel , Gallagher Michael , Koenigsmann Christopher , Stephanie Elena , Davoudi Monireh , Plonka Anna M. , Wang Haodong , Zhang Lihua , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Wong Stanislaus S.
Published: November 2023

We have successfully synthesized ultrathin nanowires of pure Pt, Pt99Ni1, Pt9Ni1, and Pt7Ni3 using a modified room‐temperature soft‐template method. Analysis of both methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) results found that the Pt7Ni3 samples yielded the best performance with specific activities of 0.36 and 0.34 mA/cm2 respectively. Additionally, formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) tests noted that both Pt and PtNi nanowires oxidize small organic molecules (SOMs) via an indirect pathway. CO oxidation data suggests little measurable performance without any pre‐reduction treatment; however, after annealing in H2, we detected significantly improved CO2 formation for both Pt9Ni1 and Pt7Ni3 motifs. These observations highlight the importance of pre‐treating these nanowires under a reducing atmosphere to enhance their performance for CO oxidation. To explain these findings, we collected extended x‐ray adsorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy data, consistent with the presence of partial alloying with a tendency for Pt and Ni to segregate, thereby implying the formation of a Pt‐rich shell coupled with a Ni‐rich core. We also observed that the degree of alloying within the nanowires increased after annealing in a reducing atmosphere, a finding deduced through analysis of the coordination numbers and calculations of Cowley's short range order parameters.
The impact of nursing home residency on psychotropic drug use in major neurocognitive disorder: A nationwide comparison
Authors: Kindstedt Jonas , Glader Eva‐Lotta , Lövheim Hugo , Lindkvist Marie , Gustafsson Maria
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Psychotropic drugs are utilized against neuropsychiatric symptoms among people with major neurocognitive disorder (NCD) despite well‐documented risks, and older people in nursing homes are expected to be more frequently exposed to those medicines. This study compared psychotropic drug use and associated factors between older people with major NCD and matched references.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included individuals from three national registries in Sweden. References were randomly matched 1:1 by age and sex from the Swedish Total Population Register. Drug use was defined as at least one prescription fill from 1 July to 31 December 2019 and presented as proportion of drug users. In addition, ORs regarding psychotropic drug use and associated factors use were analysed using generalized estimating equations.

Results

There were 102,419 complete matching pairs alive on 31 December 2019. The proportions of psychotropic drug users were 59% in the population of people with major NCD and 28% in the reference group. Moreover, there was a substantial number of individuals in nursing homes who had been treated with antipsychotics but who, for unknown reasons, had not been diagnosed with major NCD. Psychotropic drug use was positively associated with both major NCD and nursing home residency. The difference in drug use in relation to major NCD was more pronounced among people living in ordinary homes.

Conclusion

Despite well‐documented risks in people with cognitive impairment, psychotropic drug use was overall high and positively associated with both major NCD and nursing home residency. Taken together, interventions to better target neuropsychiatric symptoms in older people are warranted. Hypnotic drug use among older people in general as well as antipsychotic drug exposure among older people in nursing homes appear to be two important focus areas.
Caregivers' knowledge, attitude, and perception toward pneumococcal infection prophylaxis in pediatric sickle cell disease patients in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Doe Elom , Nguah Samuel B. , Mensah Kofi B. , Buabeng Kwame O.
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

Pneumococcal infection prophylaxis (PIP) is necessary for children with sickle cell disease (SCD) due to the enhanced risk of pneumococcal infections and associated mortalities. PIP measures include periodic administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), twice‐daily administration of phenoxymethylpenicillin tablets, and nonpharmacological measures. This work assessed the attitude, knowledge, and perception of parents of SCD children on PIP, how parents obtain phenoxymethylpenicillin, and their preference for PIP.

Methods

This prospective cross‐sectional study involved 200 parents of SCD children between 2 and 12 years old seeking medical care at the SCD clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Infants involved had hemoglobin SS, SC, or S‐βthal. A survey questionnaire (written) was administered to gather and interpret the data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 software.

Results

Out of 200 respondents in this study, 12% knew vaccination could prevent pneumococcal disease, but only 4% had heard about PCV, 96% had heard about phenoxymethylpenicillin tablets, and 40% knew it could prevent it. Although phenoxymethylpenicillin is reimbursed on national insurance, 87% obtained the tablets from outside the hospital with cash, whereas 12% obtained the tablets from the hospital either on insurance or with cash. About 38% mentioned that they had discontinued treatment with tablets due to intentional withdrawal, lack of funds, noncompliant children, and running out of medicine. All but 2% of respondents said they would prefer vaccines to tablets.

Conclusion

There is a significant shortfall in knowledge, attitude, and perception of parents of SCD children concerning PIP, which warrants education and awareness creation on PIP in sickle cell clinics to ensure optimum clinical and health outcomes and reduce morbidity and mortality related to such infections.
Prevalence and predictors of binge eating disorder symptoms among a sample of university students in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Abid Mohammad Tazrian , Banna Md. Hasan Al , Akter Shammy , Brazendale Keith , Spence Charles , Begum Mst. Umme Hafsa , Rashid Rumana , Bari Farzana Sultana , Rifat M. A. , Sultana Mst. Sadia , Khaleduzzaman Md. , Debnath Sourav Chandra , Mahjabin Nushrat , Khan Md. Shafiqul Islam , Hassan Md. Nazmul
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

There is a dearth of information about binge eating disorder (BED) among Bangladeshi university students, who may be more susceptible to BED due to the rise in unhealthy lifestyles and food habits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of BED symptoms among Bangladeshi university students.

Methods

Students (N = 525) from three public universities in Bangladesh participated in this cross‐sectional study between November 2022 and March 2023. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted using a structured paper‐based questionnaire that included two validated survey tools; the binge eating disorder screener and the patient health questionnaire‐9. To identify the factors associated with BED symptoms, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted, with sociodemographic and behavioral information (e.g., age, sex, smoking status, etc.) considered as covariates.

Results

The prevalence of BED symptoms among participants (mean age 21.28 years, 50.3% male and 49.7% female) was 20.6%. Male students had a 2.28 times higher likelihood of having BED symptoms compared to female counterparts (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.33−3.89). Older students (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.80−7.05), students who were overweight or obese (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.87−5.89), and students reporting higher depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.66−4.35) were at greater risk for developing BED compared to their respective counterparts.

Conclusions

This study provides new insights into the prevalence of BED symptoms and its contributing factors among Bangladeshi students. Approximately 1‐in‐5 university students reported having BED symptoms. University students who are older, overweight, or obese, and who report depressive symptoms may be at greatest risk. Future longitudinal studies are needed to determine the causal factors underlying BED. Findings from this study can assist policymakers and public health professionals in developing effective and targeted strategies to mitigate the risks associated with BED among Bangladeshi university students.
Uncommon presentation of gestational trophoblastic disease: A case report of invasive mole with gingival metastasis and unique metastatic dissemination
Authors: Almuradova Elvina , Karimov Ziya
Published: November 2023

Synopsis

This report sheds light on the extraordinary presentation of invasive mole with gingival metastasis. There are limited cases on this topic in the literature.
The influence of daily life events on learning crafting and the intervening roles of academic emotions and regulatory focus in high school students
Authors: Hu Yibo , Chen Wenwen , Ma Yuting , Zhang Baoshan
Published: November 2023

Background

The adaptation of students to academic challenges in high school is crucial for academic performance. This study proposes the concept of “learning crafting,” a previously under‐researched area, and investigates its associated variables.

Methods

Using a diary method, we studied 187 Chinese high school students (64% female; Mage = 15.57) over a 9‐day period. We examined the effect of daily life events on learning crafting, and considered academic emotions as mediators and regulatory focus as moderators.

Results

Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that daily positive events were positively correlated with learning crafting at both within‐person and between‐person levels. Positive academic emotions served as mediators of this relationship. Furthermore, promotion focus had a positive moderating effect on the relationship between daily positive events and positive academic emotions. Conversely, daily negative events were only negatively correlated with learning crafting at the between‐person level, and no additional significant relationships were identified.

Conclusion

This study elucidated the effect of daily life events on learning crafting, its mediating mechanisms, and conditional factors. These results not only contribute to crafting theory, but also provide theoretical underpinnings for future interventions targeting high school students' learning crafting.
SFTSV Gn‐Head mRNA vaccine confers efficient protection against lethal viral challenge
Authors: Kim Dokyun , Lai Chih‐Jen , Cha Inho , Kang Seokmin , Yang Wan‐Shan , Choi Younho , Jung Jae U.
Published: November 2023

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick‐borne virus, causing thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic fever, with a fatality rate ranging from 12% to 30%. SFTSV possesses Gn and Gc glycoproteins, which are responsible for host cell receptor attachment and membrane fusion, respectively, to infect host cells. We have previously reported a protein subunit vaccine candidate (sGn‐H‐FT) of the SFTSV soluble Gn head region (sGn‐H) fused with self‐assembling ferritin (FT) nanoparticles, displaying strong protective immunogenicity. In this study, we present messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine candidates encoding sGn‐H or sGn‐H‐FT, both of which exhibit potent in vivo immunogenicity and protection capacity. Mice immunized with either sGn‐H or sGn‐H‐FT mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine produced strong total antibodies and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against sGn‐H. Importantly, NAb titers remained high for an extended period. Finally, mice immunized with sGn‐H or sGn‐H‐FT mRNA LNP vaccine were fully protected from a lethal dose of SFTSV challenge, showing no fatality. These findings underscore the promise of sGn‐H and sGn‐H‐FT as vaccine antigen candidates capable of providing protective immunity against SFTSV infection.
LEADERSHIP AND THE ART OF ACTIVE LISTENING
Authors: Younger Heather R
Published: November 2023

The author, founder & CEO of Employee Fanatix, a leading employee engagement and consulting firm, explains the role of active listening within leadership. She notes that “listening at work is flawed because people don’t feel safe telling the truth, and listening is usually one‐sided, so it rarely produces any results or the outcomes that we are looking for.” In Figure 1, The Cycle of Active Listening, she includes step 1: Recognize the unsaid 2: seek to understand 3: Decode 4: act. In Figure 2, Seeking to Understand, she includes the following: Demonstrate empathy, Be present, Embrace Inclusion, Exhibit courage, Stay curious, and minimize assumptions. She explains different types of listening, active reflective, empathetic, and evaluative. listening. Active “is about making a conscious effort to hear and understand someone else.” Reflective “is a communication strategy involving two key steps: seeking to understand what another person is saying and then repeating what we think we heard back to them to confirm that we understood correctly.” Empathetic “takes active listening to the next level because it requires us to make an emotional connection with another person and search for common ground that will enable us to respond in a meaningful way.” Evaluative “is when we make a judgment about what another person says.”
A new 2.5‐D twin screw extruder melting model with comparisons to data
Authors: Campbell Gregory A. , Wetzel Mark D. , Andersen Paul , Golba Joseph
Published: November 2023

Many polymers are processed and compounded in co‐rotating, fully intermeshing twin screw extruders. A typical compounding process consists of multiple unit operations including feed introduction, solids transport, transitioning from the conveying zone to the kneading block melting zone, melting, a downstream feed zone, a mixing zone, a devolatilization region, and a pressure generating discharge section. This paper will focus on the kneading block melting zone which typically includes a reverse pitch element so the kneaders remain full. Mechanisms for flow and energy input to pellets in kneading elements, including friction heating, pellet compression, energy diffusion, and viscous dissipation to form a melt phase: followed by viscous dissipation in a solid pellet/melt slurry, and heat transfer; are developed and implemented in a novel melting model. The model is validated with extrusion measurements and visualizations using low density polyethylene (LDPE). The predictions of the model are also compared with a classical set of experiments using high density polyethylene (HDPE). This paper describes the physics and engineering concepts that the authors feel are inherent in the melting section of the twin screw extruder where a large pressure peak is calculated using the friction and compression of the polymer pellets. The modeled increase in pellet bulk/surface temperature is due to the inclusion of four energy sources, pellet compression, thermal diffusion, friction energy dissipation, and viscous energy dissipation. This combined thermal dynamics based melting model results in a novel melting protocol. The melting mechanisms are coupled to flow regimes in the kneading blocks as melting progresses. The effects of throughput, Q, and screw rotation speed, N, are also examined.

Highlights

Novel 2.5D melting model for corotating, intermeshing twin‐screw extruders.

Energy for melting; friction, deformation, diffusion, and viscous dissipation.

The model helps elucidate mechanisms during melting in a twin‐screw extruder.
Constructing Heterogeneous Interface by Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on the Surface of MoB2 for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in a Wide pH Range
Authors: Sun Jianhang , Guo Feifan , Ai Xuan , Tian Yuyang , Yang Jin , Zou Xiaoxin , Zhu Guangshan
Published: November 2023

Transition metal diborides represented by MoB2 have attracted widespread attention for their excellent acidic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Nevertheless, their electrocatalytic performance is generally unsatisfactory in high‐pH electrolytes. Heterogeneous interface engineering is one of the most promising methods for optimizing the composition and structure of electrocatalysts, thereby greatly affecting their electrochemical performance. Herein, a heterostructure, composed of MoB2 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), is rationally constructed by boronizing precursors including (NH4)4[NiH6Mo6O24]·5H2O (NiMo6) and Co complexes on the carbon cloth (Co,Ni–MoB2@CNT/CC). In this method, NiMo6 is boronized to form MoB2 by a modified molten‐salt‐assisted borothermal reduction. Meanwhile, Co catalyzes extra carbon sources to grow CNTs on the surface of MoB2. Thanks to the successful production of the heterostructure, Co,Ni–MoB2@CNT/CC exhibits remarkable HER performance with a low overpotential of 98.6, 113.0, and 73.9 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in acidic, neutral, and alkaline electrolytes, respectively. Notably, even at 500 mA cm−2, the electrochemical activity of Co,Ni–MoB2@CNT/CC exceeds that of Pt/C/CC in an alkaline solution and maintains over 50 h. Theoretical calculations reveal that the construction of the heterostructure is beneficial to both water dissociation and reactive intermediate adsorption, resulting in superior alkaline HER performance.
Nickel‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks Promote Diabetic Wound Healing via Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species and Enhancing Angiogenesis
Authors: Liu Jia , Chen Zhongyin , Liu Huan , Qin Sumei , Li Mingyi , Shi Lin , Zhou Cheng , Liao Tao , Li Cao , Lv Qiying , Liu Miaodeng , Zou Meizhen , Deng Yan , Wang Zheng , Wang Lin
Published: November 2023

Chronic diabetic wounds remain a worldwide challenge for both the clinic and research. Given the vicious circle of oxidative stress and inflammatory response as well as the impaired angiogenesis of the diabetic wound tissues, the wound healing process is disturbed and poorly responds to the current treatments. In this work, a nickel‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF, Ni‐HHTP) with excellent antioxidant activity and proangiogenic function is developed to accelerate the healing process of chronic diabetic wounds. The Ni‐HHTP can mimic the enzymatic catalytic activities of antioxidant enzymes to eliminate multi‐types of reactive species through electron transfer reactions, which protects cells from oxidative stress‐related damage. Moreover, this Ni‐based MOF can promote cell migration and angiogenesis by activating transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) in vitro and reprogram macrophages to the anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Importantly, Ni‐HHTP effectively promotes the healing process of diabetic wounds by suppressing the inflammatory response and enhancing angiogenesis in vivo. This study reports a versatile and promising MOF‐based nanozyme for diabetic wound healing, which may be extended in combination with other wound dressings to enhance the management of diabetic or non‐healing wounds.