bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do arginine metabolites have a role in periodontitis due to smoking? A new perspective
Authors: Yilmaz Melis , Yay Ekin , Atalay Nur , Balci Nur , Kurgan Şivge , Toygar Hilal , Serdar Muhittin A.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Cigarette consumption is common around the world and besides its negative effects on health, and its effects on periodontitis draw attention. Arginine metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of several systemic inflammatory diseases' including cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to determine periodontitis and healthy individuals' arginine metabolites and IL‐6 levels in saliva and serum and to evaluate those according to smoking status.

Materials and Methods

The study consisted of four groups: healthy individuals (control [C]; n = 20), smokers with healthy periodontium (S‐C; n = 20), nonsmokers with Stage‐III Grade‐B generalized periodontitis (P; n = 20) and smokers with Stage‐III Grade‐C generalized periodontitis (S‐P; n = 18). Periodontal parameters were measured. Analysis of methylated arginine metabolites was performed by LC–MS/MS, and IL‐6 levels were determined by ELISA kits.

Results

In nonsmokers, salivary concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) were higher in the periodontitis than control (p < 0.001, p = 0.010). Smokers with periodontitis exhibited higher ADMA (p = 0.033, p < 0.001) and arginine (p = 0.030, p = 0.001) saliva concentrations than smoking and nonsmoking controls.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that salivary concentrations of ADMA and SDMA were associated with periodontitis. Smoking increased ADMA, SDMA and NG‐monomethyl L‐arginine (L‐NMMA) levels in serum only in periodontitis patients.
Efecto de un plan de alta de enfermería para mejorar el autocuidado en los pacientes con falla cardiaca
Authors: Betancur Manrique Yanier , García Muñoz Xiomara
Published: November 2022

Introducción: la falla cardiaca (FC) es una enfermedad de alto impacto en la calidad de vida de las personas. Por lo que es necesario el desarrollo de estrategias que promuevan el autocuidado desde la hospitalización y que apoyen el proceso de transición. Objetivo: determinar el efecto que tiene un plan de alta de enfermería en el nivel de autocuidado de los pacientes con FC que se encuentran hospitalizados de enero a noviembre de 2019. Metodología: ensayo clínico controlado con una muestra de 64 pacientes. Se aleatorizaron al plan de alta o al seguimiento usual. Para la medición del nivel de autocuidado se utilizó la escala europea de autocuidado con una alfa de Cronbach de 0,7. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo con tablas de frecuencias y de distribución porcentual y la prueba no paramétrica U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: antes de aplicar el plan de alta, se determinó que el 90,2 % de los pacientes del grupo control e intervención tenían un nivel bajo de autocuidado. Posterior a la aplicación del plan de alta se observó una mejoría estadísticamente significativa (p: 0,000) en el nivel de autocuidado. Conclusiones: el plan de alta tuvo un efecto beneficioso en el nivel de autocuidado gracias a sus componentes educativos, motivacionales, de refuerzo de conductas y gestión de síntomas. Este permitió que los pacientes asumieran un rol activo en la modificación de sus conductas para promover la salud.
On Quasi-Static and Dynamic Compressive Behaviors of Interlocked Composite Kagome Lattice Structures
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Qin Qinghua , Zhang Wei , Wang Qiang , Peng Jixiang
Published: November 2022

The quasi-static and dynamic compressive behaviors of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) Kagome lattice structures subjected to quasi-static load and low-velocity impact were investigated experimentally and numerically. CFRP Kagome lattice structures were fabricated by using the interlocking method. The quasi-static compression and low-velocity impact experiments were carried out and the failure mechanisms of CFRP Kagome lattice structures were explored. A user-defined material subroutine (VUMAT) involving three-dimensional Hashin criterion and progressive damage evolution was developed and implemented in the refined finite element (FE) model to model the failure of composite lattice structures. Good agreement is achieved between FE simulations and experimental results. It is shown that both in-plane stiffness and the failure mode of CFRP Kagome lattice structure are sensitive to the load directions. CFRP Kagome lattice structures subjected to quasi-static load experience elastic deformation, bending/kinking failure, rib fracture, and structure collapse sequentially. CFRP Kagome lattice structures subjected to low-velocity impact suffer from the multiple fractures at the slots and the maximum peak loads of dynamic response increase with increasing the impact velocity.
Cortical wiring by synapse type–specific control of local protein synthesis
Authors: Bernard Clémence , Exposito-Alonso David , Selten Martijn , Sanalidou Stella , Hanusz-Godoy Alicia , Aguilera Alfonso , Hamid Fursham , Oozeer Fazal , Maeso Patricia , Allison Leanne , Russell Matthew , Fleck Roland A. , Rico Beatriz , Marín Oscar
Published: November 2022

Neurons use local protein synthesis to support their morphological complexity, which requires independent control across multiple subcellular compartments up to the level of individual synapses. We identify a signaling pathway that regulates the local synthesis of proteins required to form excitatory synapses on parvalbumin-expressing (PV
+
) interneurons in the mouse cerebral cortex. This process involves regulation of the TSC subunit 2 (Tsc2) by the Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4), which enables local control of messenger RNA {mRNA} translation in a cell type–specific and synapse type–specific manner. Ribosome-associated mRNA profiling reveals a molecular program of synaptic proteins downstream of ErbB4 signaling required to form excitatory inputs on PV
+
interneurons. Thus, specific connections use local protein synthesis to control synapse formation in the nervous system.
The influenza universe in an mRNA vaccine
Authors: Kelvin Alyson A. , Falzarano Darryl
Published: November 2022

An mRNA–lipid nanoparticle vaccine protects animals from 20 influenza lineages
Clinical Microbial Identification of Severe Oral Infections by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry in Stockholm County: an 11-Year (2010 to 2020) Epidemiological Investigation
Authors: Al-Manei Khaled , Ghorbani Mahin , Naud Sabrina , Al-Manei Kholod Khalil , Sobkowiak Michał J. , Lund Bodil , Hazirolan Gulsen , Sällberg Chen Margaret , Özenci Volkan
Published: November 2022

Oral diseases and associated microbes are a risk factor for systemic diseases and can change the courses of these diseases. To date, epidemiological data on microbial oral infections are scarce, and longitudinal reports are lacking.
Open splenic artery aneurysm repair in a patient with previous laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Smith Sonya Ann , Auld Michael , Ogg Murray , Chandrasegaram Manju Dashini
Published: November 2022

We present the case of a female patient in her 40s who underwent a splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) repair following a previous laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG). We aim to discuss the management approach to SAAs and considerations in the setting of previous bariatric surgery.

The patient consented to this case report. We include preoperative and postoperative radiological images and intraoperative images.

While pseudoaneurysms following bariatric surgery have been reported, we present a case of a likely true SAA following SG. Our experience may assist others who come across similar cases in the future.
Odynophagia as the first manifestation of toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Ortega Beltrá Noelia , Guallart Domenech Fernando , Martínez Ruiz de Apodaca Paula , Pons Rocher Francisco
Published: November 2022

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are infrequent mucocutaneous diseases, rapidly progressive and life-threatening. The clinical aspects and the management of TEN are exposed following a case.

A man in his 40s presented to the emergency department with severe odynophagia, poor general condition and fever. His medical history was significant for HIV stage AIDS, and the treatment was discontinued 5 years before the present diagnosis. He was admitted for cerebral toxoplasmosis and discharged the previous 14 days with sulfadiazine. Erythematous-bullous lesions in the oral cavity, diffuse erythematous maculopapular rashes over his neck and chest, acute bilateral conjunctivitis and purulent urethritis was observed. The diagnostic suspicion was SJS/TEN due to sulfadiazine in immunosuppressed patients.

This entity is infrequent but is a life-threatening dermatological emergency that requires immediate medical attention. Its diagnosis is mainly clinical, with a new drug history, prodromal symptoms and characteristic cutaneous–mucous lesions. Early diagnosis and rapid withdrawal of the drug improve the prognosis.
Acute necrotic arachnidism with necrotising fasciitis and recurrent pneumothorax
Authors: Duggal Jasleen , Rao Swathi Sunil , Reddy Shiva Kumar
Published: November 2022

A male infant presented with swelling of the left leg and fever. Over the next 2 days, the area developed fasciitis extending to the left thigh, abdomen, and lower chest. Meanwhile, the parents found a giant brown spider within the infant’s cot belonging to the genusLoxosceles, otherwise called the brown recluse spider. The dermo-myonecrosis progressed to deeper tissues involving the lung parenchyma requiring invasive ventilation. CT of the thorax showed multiple pneumatoceles, and lung biopsy showed alveolar necrosis. The infant was treated with intravenous antibiotics and corticosteroids. We drained the pneumothoraces by thoracostomy and insertion of intercostal drainage tubes. The infant required respiratory support initially by conventional ventilation, which was escalated to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. He had refractory hypoxaemia and died. This is the first fatal case of acute spider envenomation described in India. Spider envenomation must be considered in patients with sudden onset, rapidly progressive necrotising fasciitis unresponsive to antibiotic therapy.
Impact of COVID-19 on the physical activity, quality of life and mental health of adolescent athletes: a 2-year evaluation of over 17 000 athletes
Authors: Watson Andrew , Haraldsdottir Kristin , Biese Kevin , Schwarz Allison , Hetzel Scott , Reardon Claudia , Brooks M Alison , Bell David R , McGuine Timothy
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the changes in mental health, quality of life (QOL) and physical activity (PA) among adolescent athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic as organised sports resumed.

Methods

Adolescent athletes completed surveys including demographic and sport participation information, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and the Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale in May 2020 following COVID-19-related sport cancellations (Spring20) and after returning to sports in May 2021 (Spring21). The groups were balanced by inverse propensity score weighting and compared using analysis of variance models and ordinal regression models.

Results

17 421 participants were included (Spring20=13 002; Spring21=4419; 16.2±1.2 years; 53% female). Anxiety was significantly lower (better) in Spring21 (Spring20=7.0, 95% CI 6.9 to 7.1; Spring21=4.9, 95% CI 4.8 to 5.0, p<0.001), as was the prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety (Spring20=29.4%, Spring21=17.1%, p<0.001). Depression was significantly improved in Spring21 (Spring20=7.6, 95% CI 7.5 to 7.7; Spring21=4.6, 95% CI 4.5 to 4.8, p<0.001), as was the prevalence of moderate to severe depression (Spring20=32.2%, Spring21=15.4%, p<0.001). Athletes in Spring21 reported higher QOL (Spring20=79.6, 95% CI 79.3 to 79.9; Spring21=84.7, 95% CI 84.4 to 85.0, p<0.001) and increased levels of PA (Spring20=13.8, 95% CI 13.6 to 13.9; Spring21=22.7, 95% CI 22.6 to 22.9, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Early COVID-19 sports restrictions were associated with worsening mental health in adolescents. In 2021, after returning to sports, athletes reported significant improvements in mental health, QOL and PA, although mental health adversities remain an important priority.
A Whole-child, whole-family approach to health assessments for asylum-seeking children
Authors: Sanchez Clemente Nuria , Cinardo Paola , Ward Allison , Longley Nicky , Harkensee Christian , Eisen Sarah
Published: November 2022

In 2020, 21% of people who sought asylum in the UK were children. This population has complex interconnecting health and social needs. Assessment requires a holistic approach, with consideration of physical and mental health in addition to social and developmental well-being, within the whole family group. A trauma-informed life-cycle and intergenerational care approach is important. This article, aimed at all health professionals who may work with asylum-seeking families, outlines the best practice principles for undertaking health assessments in migrant children and young people.
Addiction potential of combustible menthol cigarette alternatives: a randomised cross-over trial
Authors: Wagener Theodore L , Mehta Toral , Hinton Alice , Schulz Jonathan A , Erath Tyler G , Tidey Jennifer , Brinkman Marielle C , Wilson Clark , Villanti Andrea C
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued proposed product standards banning menthol as a characterising flavour in cigarettes and cigars. The public health benefits of these product standards may be attenuated by the role of plausible substitutes in the marketplace. Therefore, the present study examined the addiction potential of plausible combustible menthol alternatives compared with usual brand menthol cigarettes (UBMC).

Methods

Ninety-eight adult menthol cigarette smokers completed four visits, smoking their UBMC at the first session and three menthol cigarette alternatives in random order at the subsequent visits: (1) a preassembled menthol roll-your-own (mRYO) cigarette using menthol pipe tobacco and mentholated cigarette tube, (2) a menthol filtered little cigar (mFLC) and (3) a non-menthol cigarette (NMC). Measures of smoking topography, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), craving and withdrawal, subjective effects and behavioural economic demand indices were assessed.

Results

Compared with UBMC, menthol cigarette alternatives resulted in different puffing topography and CO exposure (except mRYO), and lower levels of positive subjective experience and behavioural economic demand indices. Among the alternative products, participants reported the highest level of positive subjective experience and higher demand for mRYO, compared with mFLC and NMC. Similarly, participants were significantly more likely to want to try again, purchase and use the mRYO product regularly compared with mFLC and NMC.

Conclusions and relevance

mRYO cigarettes were the most highly rated cigarette alternative among study products, suggesting their potential appeal as a menthol cigarette substitute and needed inclusion of menthol pipe tobacco and cigarette tubes in FDA’s proposed ban.
Fire residual stress–strain curves of corroded thermo-mechanically treated (TMT) reinforcing steel bars
Authors: Tariq Faraz , Bhargava Pradeep
Published: November 2022

Thermo-mechanically treated (TMT) reinforcing steel bars are extensively employed in RC buildings these days because of their superior thermal- and seismic-resisting characteristics, which enable them to sustain most of their strengths during earthquakes. The distinctive cross-sectional phase distribution (CSPD) of martensite, bainite, and pearlite in TMT rebars makes them outstanding. The current study examines the extent to which TMT reinforcing steel bars' mechanical properties deteriorate as a result of exposure to a combination of corrosion-induced CSPD damage and high temperatures. The research attempted to model an accidental fire in an aging structure with corroded members as a result of exposure to extreme environmental conditions. Heated residual tensile tests on rebar specimens subjected to various combinations of corrosion-induced damage and high temperatures were used in the experiment. The results show a significant loss in the key mechanical characteristics of reinforcing steel due to the superimposition of elevated temperature exposure on corrosion-induced damage to CSPD.
Opposing trends in fisheries portfolio diversity at harvester and community scales signal opportunities for adaptation
Authors: Ouchi Sachiko , Wilson Lori , Wabnitz Colette C.C. , Golden Christopher D. , Beaudreau Anne H. , Kenny Tiff-Annie , Singh Gerald G. , Cheung William W.L. , Chan Hing Man , Salomon Anne K.
Published: November 2022

Understanding mechanisms that promote social-ecological resilience can inform future adaptation strategies. Among seafood dependent communities, these can be illuminated by assessing change among fisheries portfolios. Here, in collaboration with a Coast Salish Nation in British Columbia, Canada, we used expert Indigenous knowledge and network analyses to chronicle differences in fisheries portfolios pre and post a social-ecological regime shift. We then evaluated key drivers of change using semi-structured interviews. We found that while portfolios decreased in diversity of seafood types harvested and consumed among individuals overtime, portfolios increased in their diversification at the community level because more similar seafoods within less diverse individual portfolios were more commonly harvested and consumed by the Nation as a whole. Thus, diversity can operate simultaneously in opposing directions at different scales of organization. Experts identified four key mechanisms driving these changes, including commercial activities controlled by a centralized governance regime, intergenerational knowledge loss, adaptive learning to new ecological and economic opportunities, and the trading of seafood with other Indigenous communities. Unexpectedly, increased predation by marine mammals was also flagged as a key driver of change. Adaptation strategies that support access to and governance of diverse fisheries, exchange of seafoods among communities, and knowledge transfer among generations would promote social-ecological resilience, food security, and community well-being.
Fixing cosmological constant on the event horizon
Authors: Gogberashvili Merab
Published: November 2022

Standard cosmological equations are written for the Hubble volume, while the real boundary of space-time is the event horizon. Within the unimodular and thermodynamic approaches to gravity, the dark energy term in cosmological equations appears as an integration constant, which we fix at the event horizon and obtain the observed value for the cosmological constant.
A Human Body Infrared Image Recognition Approach via DCA-Net Deep Learning Models
Authors: Zhang Huiqiang , Li Ji , Liu Shengqi , Wang Wei
Published: November 2022

With the continuous exploitation of coal resources, human safety has been seriously threatened during the mining process. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish an efficient human infrared image recognition system. In this paper, three classes of infrared image data of the human body are collected by a thermal imager, namely Human, Human others and None. According to the characteristics of downhole infrared images, a distributed channel feature extraction module (DCFE) is designed, and DCA-Net is proposed based on this module. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of the network reaches 98%. Compared with other networks, this network has better recognition performance. Among them, the recognition rate of DCA-Net50 reaches 98.214%, the amount of parameters and calculations are relatively small, and the cost-effectiveness is the highest. It is suitable for the human body infrared image recognition system that requires high accuracy and high real-time performance.
Solar-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by push-pull thiophenoxy-substituted zinc phthalocyanines
Authors: Acar Eminegül Genc , Ince Tuncay , Yüzer A.Celil , Yanalak Gizem , Geçgel Cihan , Aslan Emre , Ince Mine , Patir Imren Hatay
Published: November 2022

Two zinc phthalocyanine derivatives (ZnPc 1 and 2) carrying bulky 2,6-diisopro-pylthiophenoxy peripheral substituents have been synthesized and their performances as photosensitizers in photochemical hydrogen production evaluated. To examine the influence of the spacer on the performance of ZnPc 1 and 2, the carboxyl group has been linked to the macrocycle ring either directly or via the phenyl ring, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of ZnPcs (ZnPc 1 and ZnPc 2) as sensitizers of TiO2 for hydrogen production were investigated in the presence of Pt. ZnPc 1 and ZnPc 2 sensitized TiO2 produced 0.687 mmolg[Formula: see text]h[Formula: see text] and 0.436 mmol g[Formula: see text]h[Formula: see text] hydrogens, which also reached 3.986 and 2.091 mmolg[Formula: see text] after 8h illumination, respectively, under visible light ([Formula: see text] 420 nm) irradiation. In addition, STH efficiencies of ZnPc 1/TiO2 and ZnPc 2/TiO2 were determined as 1.77% and 1.12%, respectively. ZnPc 1/TiO2 exhibited 1.9-fold more photocatalytic hydrogen amount than ZnPc 2/TiO2, and the hydrogen evolution performance of the photocatalyst in the presence of Pt enhanced to 3.021 mmol g[Formula: see text]h[Formula: see text] and 0.911mmol g[Formula: see text]h[Formula: see text] for ZnPc 1 and ZnPc 2, respectively.
Chapter 6. Seismic expression of North Sea Jurassic sequences
Authors: Copestake Philip
Published: November 2022

Many of the stratigraphic sequences recognized in North Sea Jurassic well sections correspond to mappable surfaces on seismic sections. Typically, however, sequences are only mappable seismically within individual sub-basins, and seismic correlation between sub-basins, or across highs, is generally impossible without independent control from wells. Particularly prominent seismic sequence boundaries occur at near-base J54 in the Inner Moray Firth (‘Intra-Oxfordian Event’) the Viking Graben (‘Top Heather’ in this area), base J62 (‘Top Heather’, Moray Firth), base J66 (‘Top Lower Hot Shale’, Inner and Outer Moray Firth), base J71 (East Shetland Platform), base J73 (‘Top Siltstone Member’, Moray Firth) and top J70/base K10 (‘Base Cretaceous Unconformity’ (BCU), basin-wide). The BCU is the most frequently mapped seismic horizon in the North Sea Basin in Jurassic–basal Cretaceous studies. This surface, at the base of the Cromer Knoll Group, separates synrift sediments from post-rift successions above and marks a major shift in the tectonic evolution of the North Sea Basin.
Chapter 5. Sequence stratigraphy scheme for the uppermost Middle Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous of the North Sea area
Authors: Copestake Philip , Partington Mark A.
Published: November 2022

This chapter describes uppermost Middle Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous second-order stratigraphic sequences J40, J50, J60 and J70, and their component third-order sequences J42–J46, J52–J56, J62–J66 and J71–J76. The latest Callovian–Berriasian was an interval of significant tectonism that led to the development of complex stratigraphy and highly variable successions, the elucidation of which is aided by the recognition of the correlation of the J sequences. Marine sedimentation dominated the Callovian–Berriasian interval, with the development of multiple sandstone members comprising reservoir units in many hydrocarbon fields, charged by marine source rocks (e.g. the Kimmeridge Clay Formation). Each of these units is subdivided and correlated by a succession of J sequences. Several sequences are renumbered (e.g. J54, J55, J65 and J66), some sequence definitions are amended or their basal boundaries recalibrated chronostratigraphically (J52, J54, J72, J73, J74 and J76) and new sequence subdivisions are recognized (J64a, J64b, J72a–J72c, J73a and J73b). Significant unconformities are recognized at the bases of the J54, J55, J62, J63, J64, J71 and J73 sequences. The top of J70 (J76) equates to the major ‘Base Cretaceous Unconformity’ seismic sequence boundary.
The challenge of relating the Kasimovian to west European chronostratigraphy: a critical review of the Cantabrian and Barruelian substages of the Stephanian Stage
Authors: Knight John A. , Cleal Christopher J. , Álvarez-Vázquez Carmen
Published: November 2022

For the west European regional chronostratigraphic framework, the Cantabrian substage was conceived as covering a widely apparent stratigraphic gap between the top of the Westphalian and the base of Stephanian A, the lowest unit of the Stephanian. A continuous depositional history covers this time gap in the Cantabrian region of Spain; the upper limit of this interval was defined by the succeeding Barruelian substage, equivalent to Stephanian A. Intense tectonic and magmatic activity characterizes this period; the Iberian orogenic belt was an essentially linear feature buckled through the Late Pennsylvanian into the tightly folded Cantabrian Orocline. This evidences an extensive southern foreland to the Variscides, in which the coal-swamp biome persisted through the Late Pennsylvanian, supporting biostratigraphical correlation with the Donbass. New high precision U–Pb CA-ID-TIMS radiometric dating of tonstein horizons supports a preliminary time-framework of regional substages: base of the Asturian (proposed, ex-Westphalian D)
c.
310.7 Ma; base of the Cantabrian
c.
307.5 Ma; base of the Barruelian (ex-Stephanian A)
c.
304.9 Ma; base of the Saberian (proposed)
c.
303.5 Ma. The Cantabrian and Barruelian embrace the entire Kasimovian of the global time-scale, and the top of the Barruelian is essentially coincident with the base of the Gzhelian.
Securing the Ethereum from Smart Ponzi Schemes: Identification Using Static Features
Authors: Zheng Zibin , Chen Weili , Zhong Zhijie , Chen Zhiguang , Lu Yutong
Published: November 2022

Malware detection approaches have been extensively studied for traditional software systems. However, the development of blockchain technology has promoted the birth of a new type of software system–decentralized applications. Composed of smart contracts, a type of application that implements the Ponzi scheme logic (called smart Ponzi schemes) has caused irreversible loss and hindered the development of blockchain technology. These smart contracts generally had a short life but involved a large amount of money. Whereas identification of these Ponzi schemes before causing financial loss has been significantly important, existing methods suffer from three main deficiencies, i.e., the insufficient dataset, the reliance on the transaction records, and the low accuracy. In this study, we first build a larger dataset. Then, a large number of features from multiple views, including bytecode, semantic, and developers, are extracted. These features are independent of the transaction records. Furthermore, we leveraged machine learning methods to build our identification model, i.e.,

Mul

ti-view

Cas

cade Ensemble model (MulCas). The experiment results show that MulCas can achieve higher performance and robustness in the scope of our dataset. Most importantly, the proposed method can identify smart Ponzi scheme at the creation time.
Classification Learning Assisted Biosensor Data Analysis for Preemptive Plant Disease Detection
Authors: S Subramani Selvakumar , P Shakeel Mohamed , Bin Mohd Aboobaider Burhanuddin , Salahuddin Lizawati Binti
Published: November 2022

In the agricultural sector, identifying plant diseases is crucial as they hamper the plant's robustness and health, which play a vital role in agricultural productivity. Early detection allows farmers to take proper measurements and save crops from complete failure. Biosensor applications in agricultural production and plant monitoring improve the yield through definitive recommendations and improved practices. Fluorescence-based assays, colorimetric biosensors, and surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors are the most commonly used for plant pathogen detection. Plant disease detection is a prime biosensor application for preventing seasonal and cultural defects in raising crops. The sensor data analysis ensures reliable processing for distinguishable features for identifying the disease, wherein discrete information is handled with error. This article introduces a Preemptive Classification using Discrete Data (PC-DD) technique to resolve this issue. This technique requires partial series through probabilistic data substitution to improve the analysis rate. In the analysis process, the classification is performed using random forest based on two combinations: series, difference, and probability. This probability is based on identical data observed through series probability classification in the previous iteration. The unidentical data is classified under difference that is used for individual classification. This process is progressive until the detection is performed, wherein the alterations are adaptable for different biosensor input data. Therefore, the proposed technique's performance is validated using the metrics detection accuracy, analysis ratio, analysis time, classifications, and difference factor.
Automated vector space proofs using
mathematica
Authors: Naiman Aaron E.
Published: November 2022

We present
Mathematica
tools for proving or disproving whether a set of objects constitutes a vector space. When necessary axioms are upheld, the relationships between the variables are presented. When the axioms fail,
intuitive
counterexamples are shown. A number of different kinds of vectors are demonstrated, with varying types of vector addition and scalar multiplication as well. All of the calculations are performed in an automated fashion.
Computer algebra methods for polynomial system solving at the service of image-based visual servoing
Authors: Fontán Jorge García , Colotti Alessandro , Briot Sébastien , Goldsztejn Alexandre , Din Mohab Safey El
Published: November 2022

Visual servoing refers to different methods used for robot motion control based on data from computer vision, in general the projection of a number of characteristics from the scene on a camera mounted on the robot. When the control is carried out in the space of parameters extracted from the image, we refer to Image-Based Visual Servoing (IBVS).
Symbolic-numeric integration of univariate expressions based on sparse regression
Authors: Iravanian Shahriar , Martensen Carl Julius , Cheli Alessandro , Gowda Shashi , Jain Anand , Ma Yingbo , Rackauckas Chris
Published: November 2022

The majority of computer algebra systems (CAS) support symbolic integration using a combination of heuristic algebraic and rule-based (integration table) methods. In this paper, we present a hybrid (symbolic-numeric) method to calculate the indefinite integrals of univariate expressions. Our method is broadly similar to the Risch-Norman algorithm. The primary motivation for this work is to add symbolic integration functionality to a modern CAS (the symbolic manipulation packages of SciML, the Scientific Machine Learning ecosystem of the Julia programming language), which is designed for numerical and machine learning applications. The symbolic part of our method is based on the combination of candidate terms generation (ansatz generation using a methodology borrowed from the Homotopy operators theory) combined with rule-based expression transformations provided by the underlying CAS. The numeric part uses sparse regression, a component of the Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy) technique, to find the coefficients of the candidate terms. We show that this system can solve a large variety of common integration problems using only a few dozen basic integration rules.
A new interpolation algorithm for computing dixon resultants
Authors: Jinadu Ayoola , Monagan Michael
Published: November 2022

Given a system of polynomial equations with parameters, we present a new interpolation algorithm for computing its Dixon resultant
R.
Our algorithm interpolates the monic square-free factors of
R
one at a time from monic univariate polynomial images of
R
using sparse rational function interpolation. We have implemented our new Dixon resultant algorithm in Maple with some subroutines coded in C for efficiency. Experimental results show that our algorithm significantly outperforms Zippel's sparse interpolation algorithm.
Jenks prize announcement
Authors: Cohen Henri , Allombert Bill , Belabas Karim
Published: November 2022

Pari/GP was designed for algebraic number theory. As such it does not have some standard features that other general purpose computer algebra systems have such as Gröbner bases and multivariate polynomial factorization. In this letter I say a few words about the history of Pari/GP, the impact Pari/GP has had on number theory, and some of the unique software design features of Pari/GP. I've also included a short bio from Henri, Bill and Karim.
Reduced Graphene Oxide and Poly (phenylalanine) Composite Modified Electrode for the Electrochemical Determination of Vanillin
Authors: Tesfaye Gizaw , Negash Negussie , Tessema Merid
Published: November 2022

In this study, a simple, low cost and stable electrochemical sensor for vanillin is reported based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with poly (phenylalanine) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) composite (poly (phenylalanine)/ERGO/GCE). The surface structure of the bare and modified electrodes was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical behavior of vanillin at phenylalanine)/ERGO/GCE) was also studied by CV. Poly (phenylalanine)/ERGO/GCE) exhibited high electrocatalytic activity for the electrochemical oxidation of vanillin due to the synergetic effects of poly (phenylalanine) and ERGO. From linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) study, the electrode reaction of vanillin is adsorption-controlled process. Furthermore, several electrochemical parameters such as number of electrons transferred (n = 2), number of protons transferred (H+= 2), electron transfer coefficient (α= 0.66) and surface concentration of vanillin (Ґ = 0.32 nmol cm−2) were calculated. SWV was used for quantitative determination of vanillin at phenylalanine)/ERGO/GCE). Under the optimum conditions, the oxidation peak current of vanillin increased linearly with its concentration in the range 0.25–120μM with a low detection limit of 0.025μM. The developed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of vanillin in food and soft drink samples.
Quinoxaline-Based Conjugated Microporous Polymer Photoelectrochemical Sensor for the Sensitive Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Xiang Gang , He Xiansen , Liu Yuxia , Lian Huan , Zhang Cuizhong , Peng Jinyun
Published: November 2022

Dopamine (DA) is an important central neurotransmitter and plays a significant role in both human physiology and pathology. Consequently, its rapid and sensitive detection is of considerable significance. This study demonstrates the synthesis of a novel quinoxaline-based conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) via a simple Friedel-Crafts reaction. A rapid and sensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor based on the CMP was then constructed and used for the detection of DA. Under optimal experimental conditions, the developed PEC sensor exhibited good detection ability in the linear range of 0.0125–35 μM with a detection limit of 0.007 μM in addition to high selectivity and good repeatability. Furthermore, this sensor enabled the detection of DA in blood serum with a good recovery rate. Therefore, this study presents a new prospective for the application of photoresponsive CMP materials in PEC sensors.
Physiology of the tongue with emphasis on taste transduction
Authors: Doyle Máire E. , Premathilake Hasitha U. , Yao Qin , Mazucanti Caio H. , Egan Josephine M.
Published: November 2022

The tongue is a complex multifunctional organ that interacts and senses both interoceptively and exteroceptively. Although it is easily visible to almost all of us, it is relatively understudied and what is in the literature is often contradictory or is not comprehensively reported. The tongue is both a motor and a sensory organ: motor in that it is required for speech and mastication, and sensory in that it receives information to be relayed to the central nervous system pertaining to the safety and quality of the contents of the oral cavity. Additionally, the tongue and its taste apparatus form part of an innate immune surveillance system. For example, loss or alteration in taste perception can be an early indication of infection as became evident during the present global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Here, we particularly emphasize the latest updates in the mechanisms of taste perception, taste bud formation and adult taste bud renewal, and the presence and effects of hormones on taste perception, review the understudied lingual immune system with specific reference to SARS-CoV-2, discuss nascent work on tongue microbiome, as well as address the effect of systemic disease on tongue structure and function, especially in relation to taste.
Pathophysiology and pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension: role of membrane receptors, ion channels, and Ca2+ signaling
Authors: Balistrieri Angela , Makino Ayako , Yuan Jason X.-J.
Published: November 2022

The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a function of cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the intraluminal radius of the pulmonary artery. Therefore, a very small decrease of the pulmonary vascular lumen diameter results in a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal and progressive disease with poor prognosis. Regardless of the initial pathogenic triggers, sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction, concentric vascular remodeling, occlusive intimal lesions, in situ thrombosis, and vascular wall stiffening are the major and direct causes for elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and other forms of precapillary pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we aim to discuss the basic principles and physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of lung vascular hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular function, the changes in the pulmonary vasculature that contribute to the increased vascular resistance and arterial pressure, and the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension. We focus on reviewing the pathogenic roles of membrane receptors, ion channels, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension.
A Joint Data Association Method for Laser-SLAM of Unmanned Delivery Vehicle Based on Heuristic Search Algorithm
Authors: Liu Dan , Feng Yongkang , Han Zhifeng , Zou Bo
Published: November 2022

In Laser-SLAM system of unmanned delivery vehicle, there are two kinds of association methods applied to solve the data association problem. Compared with the method of independent association for a single measurement and a single feature, the methods of batch association of measurements and features can provide more accurate association results in the state estimation stage of SLAM. In order to obtain a better association solution, a joint data association method based on heuristic search algorithm (HSA-JDA) is proposed to improve the robustness and accuracy of data association. In HSA-JDA, according to the joint maximum likelihood criterion, the data association problem is evolved into a combinatorial optimization problem of how to determine the optimal association set. A heuristic search algorithm that is an optimized artificial fish swarm algorithm by using adaptive step size and adding fish swarm jumping behavior is applied to search the optimal association solution. Experimental results show that HSA-JDA method ensures high association accuracy and then improves the robustness and accuracy of the whole state estimation results of SLAM. It can be used in the Laser-SLAM system based on Kalman filter to provide reliable association results for improving the accuracy of SLAM estimation results for unmanned delivery vehicle.
Significance of Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide in Auxiliary Diagnosis and Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Zhao Chuanliang , Qin Mali , Jin Ling , Lai Ju , Wang Yang , Liu Shuangxi , Yu Shaoqing
Published: November 2022

Objective. The concentration of exhaled NO and CO is considered as a candidate marker of respiratory inflammatory disease. This report discusses the exhaled NO and CO in the auxiliary diagnosis and evaluation of allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods. 60 AR patients from October 2017 to March 2019, compared with 30 healthy controls. The severity of AR disease was distinguished by symptom score. Both groups were tested for exhaled nitric oxide through the nose or mouth and exhale carbon monoxide through the mouth. AR patients received glucocorticoid nasal spray for 1 month and were tested again for nNO, eNO, eCO, and symptom score. Results. Before treatment, all the nNO, eNO, and eCO of the AR group were higher than the control group. There were differences in the severe and moderate subgroup:

severe
>
moderate
>
mild

. eCO was not significantly different between the mild and control groups. The nNO, eNO, and eCO levels were positively correlated with symptom score. After treatment, nNO decreased significantly in the three subgroups; eNO and eCO in the severe AR group decreased significantly. Drawing the ROC curve, the area under curve (AUC) of nNO is 0.978. The AUC of eNO and eCO was 0.786 and 0.577, respectively. Conclusion. The nNO, eNO, and eCO in the AR group are higher than healthy people, which positively correlated with the severity of AR symptoms. The detection of nNO, eNO, and eCO can monitor the changes of AR. The detection of nNO level as an indicator of AR auxiliary diagnosis has high accuracy.
A Fuzzy Neural Network-Based Evaluation Method for Physical Education Teaching Management in Colleges
Authors: Zhao Bo , Liu Yanjin
Published: November 2022

A novel Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) teaching quality assessment model of physical education (PE) is presented at colleges and universities to enhance the validity of PE teaching quality evaluation. It is being done to enhance the accuracy of quality evaluations of PE instruction. In the first phase, out of 4 aspects of teaching material, teaching method, teaching attitude, and teaching effect, a multi-index assessment process of university physical education teacher performance based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is created. The effectiveness of college PE instructors is assessed using this approach. The FNN model is used to develop a teaching quality assessment model for college PE courses. The FNN’s parameter is the score data, and the FNN’s output vector is equipped with better college PE (excellent, good, average, and low). In terms of assessing the instructional excellence of PE courses in colleges and universities, FNN has been proven to have superior classification accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and F1 score when compared to other methods. When compared to other countries, this is the case. The proposed approaches resulted in a score of 96% for accuracy, 95% for specificity, 90% for sensitivity, and an F1 score of 94% for performance. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown by comparing the outcomes to those of standard physical education teaching strategies.
The Longitudinal Driving Behavior of a Vehicle Assisted with Lv2 Driving Automation: An Empirical Study
Authors: Rodrigues Rita , Bastos Silva Ana , Vasconcelos Luís , Seco Álvaro
Published: November 2022

As the number of automated vehicles in our transportation system increases, it becomes increasingly important to understand how automation affects their driving behavior. This study defines and tests a methodology based on optimization methods to incorporate the longitudinal driving behavior of automated vehicles in the Wiedemann 99 car-following model. A pilot study was recently conducted in Portugal using a Mercedes-Benz of 2017 assisted with level 2 driving automation to gather empirical data. In total, 61 car-following events were used to support the calibration and validation tasks. The calibration error sustains the methodology’s descriptive capability to simulate the driving behavior of AVs, and the validation error sustains that the calibrated model parameters can reproduce the dynamic driving behavior of AVs with reasonable consistency and robustness. A total of seven model parameters were estimated and are in line with the trends often described in the literature on automated vehicles but also highlight differences that can be explained by different development and deployment strategies. Nevertheless, since empirical data from automated vehicles are hard to get, the presented work findings are also valuable for improving and validating future modeling efforts.
Determination of Wheat Heading Stage Using Convolutional Neural Networks on Multispectral UAV Imaging Data
Authors: Li Yibai , Cao Guangqiao , Liu Dong , Zhang Jinlong , Li Liang , Chen Cong
Published: November 2022

The heading and flowering stages are crucial for wheat growth and should be used for fusarium head blight (FHB) and other plant prevention operations. Rapid and accurate monitoring of wheat growth in hilly areas is critical for determining plant protection operations and strategies. Currently, the operation time for FHB prevention and plant protection is primarily determined by manual tour inspection of plant growth, which has the disadvantages of low information gathering and subjectivity. In this study, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a multispectral camera was used to collect wheat canopy multispectral images and heading rate information during the heading and flowering stages in order to develop a method for detecting the appropriate time for preventive control of FHB. A 1D convolutional neural network + decision tree model (1D CNN + DT) was designed. All the multispectral information was input into the model for feature extraction and result regression. The regression revealed that the coefficient of determination (R2) between multispectral information in the wheat canopy and the heading rate was 0.95, and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSE) was 0.24. This result was superior to that obtained by directly inputting multispectral data into neural networks (NN) or by inputting multispectral data into NN via traditional VI calculation, support vector machines regression (SVR), or decision tree (DT). On the basis of FHB prevention and control production guidelines and field research results, a discrimination model for FHB prevention and plant protection operation time was developed. After the output values of the regression model were input into the discrimination model, a 97.50% precision was obtained. The method proposed in this study can efficiently monitor the growth status of wheat during the heading and flowering stages and provide crop growth information for determining the timing and strategy of FHB prevention and plant protection operations.