bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of life problems in gynecological cancer patients
Authors: Rybin A. I. , Rybina I. P.
Published: July 2020

Due to improvements in short- and long-term clinical outcomes a study of quality of life is one of the most promising trends in oncology today. This review analyzes the published literature on problems dealing with quality of life of patients with gynecological cancer. Data on quality of life with respect to the extent of anticancer treatment as well as psychological and social aspects are presented. The relationship between quality of life and survival has been estimated.
Characteristics of carotenoids and their use in the cosmetics industry
Authors: Baran Marzena Teresa , Miziak Paulina , Bonio Katarzyna
Published: July 2020

Carotenoids are compounds of natural origin and are a product of secondary metabolism of plants and bacteria. These are chemically unsaturated hydrocarbons that act as dyes with a wide range of colors. These compounds are stored in chloroplasts and chromatophores. In living organisms, they are used in the photosynthesis process, have a protective function in the photooxidation process and are designed to neutralize free radicals. Due to the difference in structure, the molecules were divided into 2 groups, i.e. orange - carotenes and yellow - xanthophylls. Due to their unique antioxidant properties, they are widely used in the cosmetics industry. Carotenoids as antioxidants have a beneficial effect on human health and well-being. Currently, the most popular compounds that are used in cosmetology are carotene and lycopene. The development of cosmetology followed the development of biochemistry, chemistry, pharmacy and medicine. Compounds used in care products can be obtained as extracts from plants or obtained by chemical synthesis or biotechnological processes. It can be seen that in recent years the awareness of the use of cosmetic products has increased. This contributed to the increased interest in cosmetics of natural origin. Thanks to the interest in natural / ecological products, we have the opportunity to get to know biologically active substances better and to fully use them in cosmetology, pharmacology and medicine.
DESIGN, (RE)FORMULAÇÃO E RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS COM O USO DE TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES DE MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Fischer Figueiredo Fabiane , Oliveira Groenwald Claudia Lisete
Published: July 2020

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cualitativa, en la cual el objetivo fue investigar qué conocimiento es producido por futuros maestros de matemáticas, en aspectos matemáticos, metodológicos, tecnológicos y sobre el enfoque de temas socialmente relevantes, a través del diseño, (re)formulación y resolución de problemas abiertos y la planificación e implementación de prácticas pedagógicas, en las cuales se proponen dichos problemas. Para lograr esto, tres estudiantes, en un grupo, llevaron a cabo las actividades de un curso de extensión, lo que les permitió adquirir experiencias, y que contribuyó a la producción de conocimientos docentes, relacionados con el diseño de problemas abiertos y que abordan temas de relevancia social, con el uso de tecnologías digitales y sobre la planificación e implementación de prácticas pedagógicas, en las cuales se evidencia la (re)formulación y resolución de estos problemas.
Spatial Separability in Hub Location Problems with an Application to Brain Connectivity Networks
Authors: Khaniyev Taghi , Elhedhli Samir , Erenay Fatih Safa
Published: July 2020

Motivated by the need to solve large hub location problems efficiently and accurately, we discover an important characteristic of optimal solutions to p-hub median problems that we call spatial separability. It refers to the partitioning of the network into allocation clusters with nonoverlapping convex hulls. We illustrate numerically that the property persists over a wide range of randomly generated instances and propose a data-driven approach based on an insight from the property to tackle very large problem sizes. Computational experiments corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in generating high-quality solutions within reasonable computational times. We then explore a new application area of hub location problems in brain connectivity networks and introduce the largest and the first set of three-dimensional instances in the literature. Computational results demonstrate the capability of hub location models in successfully depicting the hub organization of the human brain, as validated by the medical literature, thus revealing that hub location models can play an important role in investigating the intricate connectivity of the human brain.
The Application of Integrative Psychotherapy during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tirinnanzi Paolo , Bianchi Alice
Published: July 2020

Background: Integrative Psychotherapy is a progressive form of psychotherapy that is developing in these last years as it has a more flexible and inclusive approach to treatment than more traditional, singular forms of psychotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the application of Integrative Psychotherapy, to understand if it may have provided the patients in therapy with the necessary resources to face the 2019 coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19). Methods: The subjects were 63 control group and 44 patients. In the patients' group, 28 stopped the therapy and 16 continued during the lockdown. To analyze data, descriptive statistics and independent two-sample t-test were used. Results: The results indicated that there wasn't a significant difference between the control group and all patients, while inside the patients' group there was a significant difference between patients that continued Integrative Psychotherapy sessions during the lockdown and patients that stopped therapy. Conclusions: This study indicates that there are effects due to Integrative Psychotherapy sessions.
Bicycle Path Study for Glacier National Park, Montana
Authors: Wilson Eugene , Warder Donald
Published: July 2020

This preliminary report is intended only to provide a brief scenario of the project to date. As information pertaining to possible mitigating influences is still pending, we are unable to present a completed project at this time.
Effects of Environmental Variables on Some Physiological Responses of Microtus Montanus Under Natural Conditions
Authors: Pinter Aelita
Published: July 2020

Several microtine species exhibit multiannual fluctuations in population density. These fluctuations have been described as occurring with sufficient regularity to be called "cycles". This phenomenon has been known since antiquity. However, despite the extensive work that has dealt with this problem, the facts underlying these fluctations remain largely unknown. Preliminary field observations of populations of montane voles (Microtus montanus ) in Grand Teton National Park were made in 1961, and from 1966 through 1968 (Pinter, unpublished observations). At about the same time laboratory studies began to reveal the remarkable sensitivity of the reproductive system of these rodents to environmental variables . However, little was known to what degree environmental factors and reproductive responses of these rodents contributed to the cyclicity of their population density. Consequently, in 1969 a long term study was initiated. The purpose of the study was essentially fourfold. First, to characterize the environmental variables that might affect Microtus in different seasons of the year. Second, to record the growth, maturation, and reproductive activity of Microtus montanus under natural conditions. Third, to determine the maturational as well as the seasonal pelage changes of these rodents. Fourth, the data resulting from the execution of the first three objectives would be correlated in an attempt to determine the causes underlying the multiannual fluctations in population density of these microtine rodents.
A Study of Backcountry Use Within Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Phillips Clynn , Eastwood John
Published: July 2020

The objective of our 1979 research activities in Yellowstone National Park was to obtain photoelectric trail counts of hikers and backpackers using backcountry trails included in our 1978 backcountry trail use study. In the design of the 1978 study the Park Service was to furnish 14 photoelectric trail counters. The counts from these trail counters were to be the base for the estimates of total backcountry use. The number of users recorded by the trail counters for each trail was to be correlated with the number of trail users recorded on the trailhead registration forms to develop expansion ratios for the various trails. With these ratios, estimates of total backcountry use could be ascertained in future years by multiplying the number of trail users recorded on the registration forms by the appropriate expansion ratios.
Small Mammal Communities After Two Recent Natural Fires in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Moore R. , Wood M.
Published: July 2020

As part of the National Park Service's goal of maintaining an area in as natural condition as possible, Yellowstone National Park in 1972 developed a fire policy whereby natural fires were allowed to burn in wilderness areas of the park. Several investigators have studied the relationship between small mammals and fire due to timber management practices (Gashwiler, 1970 and Tevis, 1956) but few studies have investigated the changes in abundance and composition of species of small mammals after recent natural fires (Bendell 1974). The purpose of this ongoing study is to quantify the effects that recent natural fires have had upon small mammal communities. Two burn sites were studies, the Divide fire which burned in 1976 on the south arm of Yellowstone Lake, and the Trail Creek Fire which burned in 1974 on the southeast arm of the lake.
Parasites of Ungulates in the Jackson Hole Area: Scarabaeoid Beetles Acting on Lungworm, Dictyocaulus hadweni, Larvae in Elk Feces 1980
Authors: Bergstrom Robert
Published: July 2020

Lungworm of elk, Dictyocaulus hadweni (syn: D. viviparus) was first designated as Strongylus filaria in elk and red deer, (Blair, 1903) and lungworm was then and in 1905 reported to cause bronchopneumonia in elk. (Blair 1905). Records of lungworm in elk in Yellowstone and the Tetons were rather incomplete until Rush (1932), Mills (1936), Alderson (1951), Murie (1951) and others listed internal parasites found in elk. It is surprising that Mills did not find D. hadweni in 100 elk taken from the Yellowstone herd. It is interesting to note that a high percentage of the elk in Teton National Park are positive for lungworm in the spring. Fewer elk are infected as the summer and fall vegetation is usually sufficiently good to allow the elk an abundance of food and a resultant physiological condition that is excellent. Perhaps elk serum proteins are somewhat low in the April-May period when the physiological "low" is reached by the elk. The lack of immunoglobulins may, in part, explain the high prevalence of lungworm infections in elk of the Tetons during early spring months.
Dispersal Activities of the Black-Tailed Prarie Dog in Wind Cave National Park
Authors: Garrett Monte , Franklin William
Published: July 2020

The population of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in Wind Cave National Park has been rapidly expanding since periodic poisoning programs were discontinued in the mid-1960s. This population increase is alarming to park resource managers because: 1) the native prairie component of the park is shrinking every year due to encroachment of forest and modification by prairiedogs; 2) the loss of productive range is believed to be reducing the park's capacity to support other wildlife species; and 3) the park is being accused by local landowners of being a reservoir for prairie dogs infesting adjacent rangeland. Since lethal control measures on these animals have been discouraged (NPS Advisory Board 1980), basic knowledge of prairie dog dispersal is necessary in order to better manage the park's resources.
White Pelican Reproduction in the Molly Islands Breeding Colony, Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Diem Kenneth
Published: July 2020

Compared to other North American White Pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, breeding colonies, the Molly Islands Colony is a minor colony consisting of +450 adults (Lier and Behle, 1966; Diem and Condon, 1967; Sloan, 1973; Diem, 1976). Despite its small size, the colony is unique for these reasons: (1) it is the only White Pelican breeding colony in a national park; (2) the location of the colony at an elevation of 7,733 ft (2,357 m) is the highest recorded for any breeding colony of the species; (3) discovered in 1890, the colony has had variable surveillance since 1917, with relatively intense monitoring since 1965; (4) the breeding population is composed of birds from both coasts of North America; and (5) the colony's nesting sites on the two Molly Islands change frequently with no predictable pattern. The major objective of this project is to continue monitoring changes in the reproductive success of the Molly Islands White Pelican colony and to continue studies of the factors influencing those changes.
SUMMARY OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AREAS COOPERATING WITH THE U.W.-N.P.S. RESEARCH CENTER, 1980.
Authors: National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a summary of research activities with the National Park Service areas cooperating with the U.W.-N.P.S. Research Center, 1980, including Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Glacier National Park, Grand Teton National Park, Theodore Roosevelt National Park and Wind Cave National Park.
Bird Populations in a Black Cottonwood Community, Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Diem Kenneth
Published: July 2020

Baseline information on the avifauna of the riparian communities in Grand Teton National Park is sparse. Consequently, the objective of this project is to collect information on the composition, density, distribution and habitat of the bird species inhabiting a portion of the black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa, community in Grand Teton National Park. The study was initiated in June 1980 on a portion of the western floodplain of Pilgrim Creek. The southeast corner of this 300m x 400m (12ha) plot is identified by a metal post. This post can be located on a bearing line of 4Â° E of N. 77 mm from the fiducial center of the infrared aerial photo N 31 (U.S. Bur. of Reclamation Series B/R17, 7-16-79). This floodplain community is predominantly black cottonwood with scattered trees of quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides, engelman spruce, Picea engelmannii and lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta. In restricted moister areas several small patches of alder, Alnus incana occur under the larger trees and a few patches of willow, (Salix, sp.) are located in moist openings of the woodland.
Parental Investment and Sexual Dimorphism in Digger Wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)
Authors: Evans Howard , O'Neill Kevin
Published: July 2020

While investigating the mating strategy of wasps in the genus Philanthus we have discovered that the major determinant of mating success in males is body size (i.e., larger males are more successful at obtaining matings; this will be summarized further at the end of this report). In vertebrates that display sexual dimorphism and where there is male-male combat involved in the mating strategy, males are usually the larger sex. This is not the case in the Sphecidae where, in the vast majority of species (including Philanthus), the males are smaller, on the average, than females. This is puzzling, given the superiority of larger males in intrasexual competition. Even though larger males show a higher reproductive success than smaller males, there must be stronger selection pressures acting on female body size which promotes larger size in most species of digger wasps.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ON RESEARCH AT UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RESEARCH CENTER
Authors: The National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a list of publications on research at the University of Wyoming National Park Service Research Center.
Paleoenvironments and Paleoecology of the Eocene Green River Formation, Fossil Basin, Wyoming
Authors: Buchheim H.
Published: July 2020

Investigations begun in 1981 of the paleoenvironments and paleoecology of ancient Fossil Lake in Fosil Basin (Fossil Butte National Monument) were continued in 1982. The principle 1982 objectives of this continuing study were to: 1. Study and sample the paleontology of stratigraphic sections within Fossil Basin at locations representing the center and margins of the lake. Data collected from this study will provide insights into paleoecologic changes through time; 2. Continue detailed investigations of one time-synchronoas stratigraphic unit by excavating additional "miniquarries." The "Lower Oil Shale" unit was quarried in 1981 and several additional quarries were excavated in 1982. The data from this part of the study will provide a picture of the paleoecology and environments during one period of the lake's history; and 3. Continue field mappjng and reconnaissance to determine the maximum size of Fossil Lake, inflow areas (delta locations), lake bottom gradients, and maximum extent of the Lower Oil Shale. This data will provide a paleogeographic context for evaluating the paleoecology and paleoenvironments.
Parasites of Ruminats in the Jackson Hole Area: Scarabaeoid Beetles Acting on Lungworm, Dictyocaulus hadweni, Larvae in Elk and Cattle Feces 1982
Authors: Bergstrom Robert
Published: July 2020

Lungworm of elk, Dictyocaulus hadweni. (syn: D. vivparus) was first designated as Strongylus filaria in elk and red deer, (Blair, 1903) and lungworm was then and in 1905 reported to cause bronchopneumonia in elk. (Blair 1905). Records of lungworm in elk in Yellowstone and the Tetons were rather incomplete until Rush (1932), Mills (1936), Alderson (1951), Murie (1951) and others listed internal parasites found in elk. It is suprising that Mills did not find D. hadweni in 100 elk taken from the Yellowstone herd. It. is interesting to note that a high percentage of the elk in Teton National Park are positive for lungworm in the spring. Fewer elk are infected in the summer and fall when the vegetation is usually sufficiently good to allow the elk an abundance of food and a resultant physiological condition that is excellent. Perhaps e1k serum proteins are somewhat low in the April-May period when the physiological ''low" is reached by the elk. The lack of immunoglobulins may, in part, explain the high prevalence of lungworm infections in elk of the Tetons during early spring months.
An Evaluation and Design of Alternative Methods to Estimate Visitor Use, Grand Teton National Park
Authors: McDonald Lyman , Kinsley Kevin
Published: July 2020

The overall objective of this research project is to develop operationally feasible and statistically efficient visitor use estimation procedures for Grand Teton National Park (GTNP). More specific objectives are: 1. Identify problems with the current estimation procedures; 2. Design procedures for generating improved visitor use estimates that satisfy the reporting needs of GTNP; 3. Develop an automatic data processing system that will produce the visitor use summaries required by GTNP; and 4. Implement the procedures on a test scale during the summer of 1982 and estimate parameters for the test period.
Optimum Carrying Capacity for Bison in Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Authors: Marlow Clayton , Irby Lynn , Norland Jack
Published: July 2020

This project was designed to determine the optimum population size for bison in the Theodore Roosevelt National Park (TRNP) by fulfilling the following objectives: 1. Delineate primary and secondary bison ranges; 2. Determine forage productivity for major range sites within primary and secondary use areas; 3. Determine the general seasonal food habits of bison in TRNP; 4. Determine range condition under present population density of bison and the maximum carrying capacity of primary use areas; and 5. Integrate range condition and carrying capacity estimates with management priorities for bison on the TRNP.
SUMMARY OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AREAS COOPERATING WITH THE U.W.-N.P.S. RESEARCH CENTER, 1982.
Authors: The National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a summary of research activities within the National Park Service areas cooperating with the U.W.-N.P.S Research Center for 1982, including Badlands National Monument, Fossil Butte National Monument, Glacier National Park, Grand Teton National Park, Wind Cave National Park and Yellowstone National Park.
Bird Populations in a Cottonwood Community, Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Diem Kenneth
Published: July 2020

This study was initiated in 1980 to collect baseline information on the composition, density, distribution and habitat of the avifauna of the Narrowleaf Cottonwood, (Populus angustifolia) and Balsam Poplar, (Populus tacamabacca) community on a portion of the western floodplain of Pilgrim Creek. This cottonwood community has scattered trees of quaking aspen, (Populus tremuloides), engelman spruce, (Picea engelmannii) and lodgepole pine, (Pinus contorta). In restricted moister areas, several patches of alder, (Alnus incana) occur under the larger trees and a few patches of willow, (Salix sp.) are located in the wetter openings of that woodland.
Taxonomy and Ecology of Ectomycorrihizal Macrofungi of Grand Teton National Park
Authors: McKnight Kent , Harper Kimball , McKnight Karl
Published: July 2020

This installment is one of a series of reports (McKnight, et al 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984) on an extended project studying taxonomy and ecology of ectomycorrhizal macrofungi in and around the Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks. It reports the work done on the project during the last year by scientists with specialties as follows: L. R. Batra, Mycology-Plant Pathology; K. T. Harper, Ecology; K. H. McKnight, and M. Moser, Mycology-Taxonomy; K. B. McKnight, Mycology-Biometry. The significance of this program lies in obtaining fundamental information on symbiotic fungi as indispensable intermediates in the uptake of minerals by Tracheophyta. The latter are a major force in building soil regulating stream flow, and in erosion control. This continuing study adds to the inventory of Park fungi (McKnight, 1982) and the supporting documentation of annotations, descriptions, and illustrations. Very little field work was undertaken during the 1984 collecting season, the major emphasis being on analysis of soil and vegetation samples obtained previously.
An Indexed and Annotated Bibliography on the Ecology and Management of the Natural Resources of Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Eifert Walter , Wesche Thomas
Published: July 2020

The primary goal of this investigation is to provide the resource managers of Yellowstone National Park with a method to rapidly identify, locate and obtain Park-related natural resources information. To accomplish this goal, the principal objectives of this study are as follows: 1. By means of literature reviews, computer searches, and extensive communication with key personnel representing a variety of agencies, institutions, and other entities, systematically locate and document both published and unpublished Yellowstone National Park natural resources reports. The principal categorical areas investigated will include the physical, biological and social sciences disciplines. 2. Compile, categorize and key-word bibliographic information obtained under 0bjective No. 1. These data will then be used to generate a FAMULUS-based computerized bibliography utilizing the University of Wyoming's Cyber Computer System.
Summary of Research Activities within the National Park Service Areas Cooperating with the U.W.-N.P.S. Research Center, 1984.
Authors: National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a summary of Research Activities within the National Park Service Areas cooperating with the U.W.-N.P.S. Research Center in 1984, inclucing Badlands National Monument, Devils Tower National Monument, Fort Laramie National Historic Site, Fossil Butte National Monument, Glacier National Park, Grand Teton National Park, Wind Cave National Park and Yellowstone National Park.
Abundance and Distribution of Vascular Plants in the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area
Authors: Knight Dennis , Jones George , Myers Rich
Published: July 2020

This study began in 1983 and, as originally proposed, has three phases: 1. Floristic survey and herbarium development (1983-84); 2. Vegetation analysis and classification (1984-85); and 3. Conclusion of vegetation analysis and preparation of a vegetation map (1985-86). This work is on schedu1e. Justification for the study was to provide the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area (BCNRA) with basic vegetation information that could be helpful in resource management. Very little ecological research has been conducted in the BCNRA.
Distribution and Composition of Substrate in the Littoral Zone in Jackson Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming
Authors: Brewer Carol , Parker Michael
Published: July 2020

The composition of sediments varies both horizontally and vertically in a lake. The distribution of sediment types is related not only to basin geomorphology, but also to the effect of turbulent water as it moves substrate particles in the littoral zone. Definite patterns of erosion and deposition in lakes have been described by many limnologists (e.g., Hutchinson, 1957; Spence, 1982; Keddy, 1982, 1983, 1984). Sedimentation and the quality of sediments as a nutrient source affect the ability of macrophytes to colonize and persist in the littoral habitat. The ability to root in a particular area is directly related to the extent which a substrate can anchor the potentially large plants (Spence, 1982). On erosional shores, suspended sediments abrade rooted plants and may cause damage and breakage. On the other hand, the macrophyte community stabilizes bottom sediments and their presence leads to increased water clarity as particulates settle out due to reduced water currents within plant beds. Since the relationship between plants and sediments is well known, our objective was to measure the distribution and composition of the sediments in the littoral zone of the lake. Then we could relate the distribution of substrate to the distribution we had measured for macrophytes in the littoral zone.
Analysis of the Relationship between Natural Disturbance and Vegetation Patterns in Cascade Canyon, Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Patten Robin
Published: July 2020

The steep-walled valleys of the Tetons are subject to frequent natural disturbances, including avalanches, rockfall, and debris flow. The vegetation patterns of these valleys are a function of these disturbance events, with the distribution of the community types being controlled by both environmental factors and the disturbance regime. This project will analyze the relationship between disturbances and vegetation patterns in order to determine how the type, frequency, and magnitude of disturbance affects vegetation. This information should lead to an understanding of how vegetation patterns are created and how they change through time.
An Oral History Program on the Battle of Little Bighorn from the Perspective of the Indian Descendants
Authors: Jackson Royal
Published: July 2020

The general objective of this research is to develop an oral history program on the Battle of Little Bighorn from the perspective of the Northern Cheyenne Indian descendants of this famous encounter with General George A. Custer and the U.S. 7th Cavalry.
Giardia and other Intestinal Parasites of Small Mammals of Grand Teton National Park
Authors: O'Dell William , Pinter Aelita
Published: July 2020

The objectives of this research are: 1. To document the occurrence of Giardia and other protozoan parasites in Microtus and other sympatric small mammals of Grand Teton National Park; 2. To compare parasite loads for these animals during wet and dry seasons; 3. To determine the occurrence of intestinal parasites in Microtus during a growth cycle that ranges from years of lowest to years of highest population densities of the hosts; and 4. To investigate the relationship of infection to reproductive success in Microtus.
Environmental Factors, Reproductive Success and Population Dynamics in the Montane Vole, Microtus montanus
Authors: Pinter Aelita
Published: July 2020

Multiannual fluctuations in population density ("cycles") have been known since antiquity (Elton 1942). Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon (for reviews see Krebs and Myers 1974, Finerty 1980, Taitt and Kreh; 1985). However, none of these hypotheses, alone or in combination, can either explain the causality of cycles or predict their dynamics. The ultimate objectives of this long-term study are to answer two questions: (1) What causes multiannual fluctuations in the population density of microtine rodents?; and (2) How can cycles be predicted? The proximate objectives are to determine to what extent environmental variables - acting through reproductive responses of Microtus montanus- contribute to the population density cycles of these rodents.
Hydrologic Study of Jewel and Wind Caves
Authors: Alexander, Jr. E.
Published: July 2020

The research underway has the following objectives: 1. To evaluate the water distribution within these two park areas; 2. To determine the effects of human impact upon the natural hydrologic system; 3. To document any detrimental effects to the water quality; 4. To document any instances in which the cave environment is adversely affected by the quality or quantity of the water present; and 5. To provide options to present water use practives, if necessary.
RESEARCHERS AT THE JACKSON HOLE RESEARCH STATION AND THEIR INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATIONS 1946-1986
Authors: National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a list of researchers at the Jackson Hole Research Station and their institutional affiliations for 1946-1986
Willow-Moose Relationships in Grand Teton National Park: A Continuing Evaluation
Authors: Houston D.
Published: July 2020

Extensive riparian plant communi ties dominated by willow provide important wildlife habitat within and adjacent to Grand Teton National Park. High densities of noose are often associated with these willow comununities. I studied the habitat relationships of the Jackson Hole moose from 1964-69 (Houston, 1968, 1969). Findings suggested that although moose browsing influenced the structure and appearance of preferred willow species, their foraging did not cause progressive deterioration of these plants on major winter ranges. Here I report results from continued low level nonitoring to evaluate these earlier interpretations.
Relationships between Climatic Variation and Grassland Biomass on the Northern Range of Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Boyce Mark , Merrill Evelyn , Marrs Ronald
Published: July 2020

Summer range is not thought to be limiting to elk because abundant, high quality forage is available whereas a shortage of forage usually exists on elk winter ranges. Nevertheless, summer nutrition and fat reserves acquired on summer ranges influence growth, survival and reproduction of ungulates (Klein 1965, Verme 1963, 1965, Julander et al. 1961). The enormous area of summer range for the Northern Yellowstone elk herd renders detailed field surveys impractical. This study was initiated to evaluate the feasibility of using LANDSAT satellite imagery to (1) characterize vegetation communities on summer range from LANDSAT multispectral scanner (MSS) data and digitized vegetation maps of Yellowstone National Park, (2) predict plant production within grassland types and (3) correlate elk population characteristics with fluctuations in plant production and weather.
Research Bibliography for Jackson Hole Biological Station (1951-1975) and U.W.-N.P.S. Research Center (1975-1988)
Authors: National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a research bibliography for Jackson Hole Biological Station from 1951-1975 and U.W.-N.P.S. Research Center from 1975-1988.
National Park Service Areas Cooperating with U.S.-N.P.S. Research Center Montana and Wyoming
Authors: National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a list of National Park Service areas cooperating with the U.S.-N.P.S. Research Center including Montana and Wyoming, North Dakota and South Dakota and Utah.
The Impacts of External Development on the Economic and Aesthetic Values of Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Authors: Wallace George , Reed Pat
Published: July 2020

Theodore Roosevelt National Park (THRO) is a unique part of the National Park system in that it represents a mixed grass prairie eco-region. At pulloffs and integral vistas in THRO, views of the landscape in this badland setting are sweeping and open offering a long view. Such vistas have become increasingly impacted by man-made or man-caused features on the landscape outside the park but visible from within its boundaries. These features include gas and oil field structures, roads, power lines, communication towers, large vehicles, dust and smoke. Additional external development and activity is planned and park managers are in need of information that can help them determine how park values, and resources are being affected. To do this also requires that information be obtained about visitor characteristics, preferences, satisfaction, and expenditures that are in need of being updated.
The Mammalian Predator Community of Wind Cave National Park
Authors: Taylor Robert
Published: July 2020

This research has been targeted at describing the species composition of mammalian carnivores inhabiting Wind Cave National Park and at discovering the ecological factors structuring that subset of the animal community. Descriptive studies in 1988 indicated that the community is atypically simple for the Black Hills, and is dominated by coyotes. The objectives in 1989 were to compare Wind Cave to comparable areas outside the park and to discover the causes underlying the community's form within the park.
Investigation of the Impact of Forrest Fires on the Chemistry and Water Quality of Ground Water in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Runnells Donald , Siders Mary
Published: July 2020

The objective of this research is to provide a detailed analysis and assessment of the impact of the 1988 forest fires on the chemistry and water quality of shallow ground water in Yellowstone National Park. Specific objectives for the first five months of this study (August through December, 1989) included: (1) review of existing data on the chemistry of ground water at selected sites in Yellowstone National Park, (2) selection of suitable sampling sites and initial rounds of sample collection and analysis, (3) continued literature search for comparable or complimentary studies, (4) establishment of professional contacts within the park, other universities, and within the U.S. Geological Survey.
Distribution and Abundance of Spotted Owls in Zion National Park
Authors: Gutierrez R. , Call Douglas , Rinkevich Sarah
Published: July 2020

The main objective of this study is to estimate the distribution, habitat use, and reproductive status of Mexican spotted owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) in Zion National Park. This information will allow managers to coordinate park activities that potentially conflict with nest sites, roost sites, or brood rearing habitats. Other objectives of this study are to estimate spotted owl food habits and fledgling success, and to compare these findings with other North American spotted owl populations.
Science: The End of the Frontier
Authors: Lederman Leon
Published: July 2020

Once upon a time American science sheltered an Einstein, went to the moon, and gave to the world the laser, the electronic computer, nylon, television, the cure for polio, and observations of our planet's location in an expanding universe. Today we are in the process, albeit unwittingly, of abandoning this leadership role. It is up to the President, the Congress, and the American people to decide whether this is really the road we want this country to travel.
Human Effects on Aquatic and Riparian Organisms in the Canyons of Canyonlands and Arches National Parks and Natural Bridges National Monument
Authors: Mitchell Sandra , Woodward Bruce
Published: July 2020

We made 1 trip to all three study sites to familiarize ourselves with the study areas and meet and discuss the project with the local Park Service personnel in charge of the project. While the canyon at Arches National Park was as we expected it to be, the canyons in Canyonlands and at Natural Bridges were quite different from other canyons in which we have worked. These later canyons were deeper, had steeper canyon walls, and had thicker vegetation than prior canyons in which we have worked. The tall canyon walls shade the canyon bottom creating great differences in temperature/light/moisture levels over very short distances. The vegetation can change radically just by going around one bend in the canyon bottom. The heterogeneous nature of the habitats in these deep canyons require us to subsample to a much greater degree than we proposed in the original proposal. The local Park Service staff had already anticipated this problem and had suggested in their review of our proposal that we subsample to a greater degree. We have taken our original sampling scheme and broken it into a series of smaller subsamples to solve the problem of heterogeneous habitat types in each treatment type (i.e., area with road, area with trail, etc.).
Paleontological Survey of the Jurassic Morrison Formation in Dinosaur National Monument
Authors: Engelmann George
Published: July 2020

This project has undertaken to survey the surface exposures of the Jurassic Morrison Formation within Dinosaur National Monument (DINO) for fossil occurrences of any sort. The primary purpose of this survey is to provide an assessment of the extent and characteristics of the paleontological resource in this geologic formation within DINO. In so doing, the survey may also have the effect of discovering specimens of obvious and immediate scientific importance and providing observations that will contribute to an improved understanding of the stratigraphy of the Morrison Fm.
Feral Horse Distribution, Habitat Use and Population Dynamics in Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Authors: Marlow Clayton , Gagnon Leonard , Hovland Elena , Irby Lynn
Published: July 2020

Description of the ecological niche feral horses fill in Theodore Roosevelt National Park requires information on reproductive rates, home range size, individual and band affinity to home ranges, food and shelter requirements and seasonal diets. Therefore, the initial objectives will be to: 1. identify the number, size and location of home ranges for harem and bachelor stallion bands; 2. describe daily and seasonal movements of bands within identified home ranges; 3. describe the vegetation habitat types and landform types used by horses for mating, foaling, foraging, and resting cover; 4. describe seasonal horse diets; and 5. collect data on sex, age and social hierarchy within respective bands to facilitate estimation of horse population growth rates. Ultimately, this information will be used to accomplish the project goal; integrate horse requirements with those of elk, bison and the Park's vegetation communities to determine the large ungulate carrying capacity of Theodore Roosevelt National Park.
Treatment of femoral fractures in children aged two to six
Authors: Gordon J. Eric , Anderson John T. , Schoenecker Perry L. , Dobbs Matthew B. , Luhmann Scott J. , Hoernschemeyer Daniel G.
Published: July 2020

Aims

Current American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) guidelines for treating femoral fractures in children aged two to six years recommend early spica casting although some individuals have recommended intramedullary stabilization in this age group. The purpose of this study was to compare the treatment and family burden of care of spica casting and flexible intramedullary nailing in this age group.

Methods

Patients aged two to six years old with acute, non-pathological femur fractures were prospectively enrolled at one of three tertiary children’s hospitals. Either early closed reduction with spica cast application or flexible intramedullary nailing was accomplished under general anaesthesia. The treatment method was selected after discussion of the options by the surgeon with the family. Data were prospectively collected on patient demographics, fracture characteristics, complications, pain medication, and union. The Impact on Family Scale was obtained at the six-week follow-up visit. In all, 75 patients were included in the study: 39 in the spica group and 36 in the nailing group. The mean age of the spica group was 2.71 (2.0 to 6.9) years and the mean age of the nailing group was 3.16 (2.0 to 6.9) years.

Results

All fractures healed without evidence of malunion or more than 2.0 cm of shortening. The mean Impact on Family score was 70.2 for the spica group and 63.2 (55 to 99) for the nailing group, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.024) in a univariate analysis suggesting less impairment of the family in the intramedullary nailing group. There was no significant difference between pain medication requirements in the first 24 hours postoperatively. Two patients in the spica group and one patient in the intramedullary nailing group required additional treatment under anaesthesia.

Conclusion

Both early spica casting and intramedullary nailing were effective methods for treating femoral fractures in children two to six years of age. Intramedullary stabilization provides an option in this age group that may be advantageous in some social situations that depend on the child’s mobility. Fracture treatment should be individualized based on factors that extend beyond anatomical and biological factors. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1056–1061.
Responsiveness and ceiling effects of the English version of the 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool following hip arthroscopy at minimum one-year follow-up
Authors: Robinson Patrick G. , Maempel Julian F. , Murray Iain R. , Rankin Conor S. , Hamilton David F. , Gaston Paul
Published: July 2020

Aims

Responsiveness and ceiling effects are key properties of an outcome score. No such data have been reported for the original English version of the International Hip Outcome Tool 12 (iHOT-12) at a follow-up of more than four months. The aim of this study was to identify the responsiveness and ceiling effects of the English version iHOT-12 in a series of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for intra-articular hip pathology at a minimum of one year postoperatively.

Methods

A total of 171 consecutive patients undergoing hip arthroscopy with a diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) under the care of a single surgeon between January 2013 and March 2017 were included. iHOT-12 and EuroQol 5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L) scores were available pre- and postoperatively. Effect size and ceiling effects for the iHOT-12 were calculated with subgroup analysis.

Results

A total of 122 patients (71.3%) completed postoperative PROMs scores with median follow-up of 24.3 months (interquartile range (IQR) 17.2 to 33.5). The median total cohort iHOT-12 score improved significantly from 31.0 (IQR 20 to 58) preoperatively to 72.5 (IQR 47 to 90) postoperatively (p < 0.001). The effect size (Cohen’s d) was 1.59. In all, 33 patients (27%) scored within ten points (10%) of the maximum score and 38 patients (31.1%) scored within the previously reported minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the maximum score. Furthermore, nine (47%) male patients aged < 30 years scored within 10% of the maximum score and ten (53%) scored within the previously reported MCID of the maximum score.

Conclusion

There is a previously unreported ceiling effect of the iHOT-12 at a minimum one-year follow-up which is particularly marked in young, male patients following hip arthroscopy for FAI. This tool may not have the maximum measurement required to capture the true outcome following this procedure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1010–1015.
Filterless radio-over-fiber system based on polarization multiplexing to generate an 80  GHz millimeter wave
Authors: Wu Zengyan , Cao Changqing , Zeng Xiaodong , Feng Zhejun , Shen Jingshi , Yan Xu , Wang Bo , Su Xiyuan
Published: July 2020

We propose a filterless full-duplex radio-over-fiber system based on polarization multiplexing and demonstrate the generation of an 80 GHz millimeter wave using two Mach–Zehnder modulators. By adjusting the polarization direction, we could generate an 80 GHz frequency millimeter-wave signal and restore the original pure light carrier, providing a light source for the uplink. The simulation results show that the 80 GHz millimeter-wave signal was obtained with a 23.48 dB radio-frequency sideband suppression ratio. Furthermore, we showed that the proposed scheme is relatively flexible and free from the limitation of filter fixed bandwidth in addition to being simple and economical.
ZrSe2 nanosheet as saturable absorber for soliton operations within an Er-doped passive mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Guo Lin-Guang , Shang XinXin , Gao Jinjuan , Zhang Huanian , Gao Yuanmei
Published: July 2020

Two-dimensional materials have extensively promoted the development of ultrafast photonics in the past decade. In our work, the saturable absorption properties of

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Three-dimensional collagen fiber mapping and tractography of human uterine tissue using OCT
Authors: McLean James P. , Fang Shuyang , Gallos George , Myers Kristin M. , Hendon Christine P.
Published: July 2020

Automatic quantification and visualization of 3-D collagen fiber architecture using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has previously relied on polarization information and/or prior knowledge of tissue-specific fiber architecture. This study explores image processing, enhancement, segmentation, and detection algorithms to map 3-D collagen fiber architecture from OCT images alone. 3-D fiber mapping, histogram analysis, and 3-D tractography revealed fiber groupings and macro-organization previously unseen in uterine tissue samples. We applied our method on centimeter-scale mosaic OCT volumes of uterine tissue blocks from pregnant and non-pregnant specimens revealing a complex, patient-specific network of fibrous collagen and myocyte bundles.