bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and clustering of kinase isoform expression in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Holland David O. , Gotea Valer , Fedkenheuer Kevin , Jaiswal Sushil K. , Elnitski Laura
Published: August 2021

Mutations to the human kinome are known to play causal roles in cancer. The kinome regulates numerous cell processes including growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition to aberrant expression, aberrant alternative splicing of cancer-driver genes is receiving increased attention as it could create loss or gain of functional domains, altering a kinase’s downstream effects.

The present study quantifies changes in gene expression and isoform ratios in the kinome of metastatic melanoma cells relative to primary tumors. We contrast 538 total kinases and 3042 known kinase isoforms between 103 primary tumor and 367 metastatic samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We find strong evidence of differential expression (DE) at the gene level in 123 genes (23%). Additionally, of the 468 genes with alternative isoforms, 60 (13%) had differential isoform ratios (DIR). Notably, DE and DIR have little correlation; for instance, although DE highlights enrichment in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), DIR identifies altered splicing in non-receptor tyrosine kinases (nRTKs). Using exon junction mapping, we identify five examples of splicing events favored in metastatic samples.

We cluster isoform expression data and identify subgroups that correlate with genomic subtypes and anatomic tumor locations. Notably, distinct DE and DIR patterns separate samples with BRAF hotspot mutations and (N/K/H)RAS hotspot mutations, the latter of which lacks effective kinase inhibitor treatments. DE in RAS mutants concentrates in CMGC kinases (a group including cell cycle and splicing regulators) rather than RTKs as in BRAF mutants. Furthermore, isoforms in the RAS kinase subgroup show enrichment for cancer-related processes such as angiogenesis and cell migration. Our results reveal a new approach to therapeutic target identification and demonstrate how different mutational subtypes may respond differently to treatments highlighting possible new driver events in cancer.
The Low Complexity Domain of the FUS RNA Binding Protein Self-assembles via the Mutually Exclusive Use of Two Distinct Cross-β Cores
Authors: Kato Masato , McKnight Steven L.
Published: August 2021

The low complexity (LC) domain of the fused in sarcoma (FUS) RNA binding protein self-associates in a manner causing phase separation from an aqueous environment. Incubation of the FUS LC domain under physiologically normal conditions of salt and pH leads to rapid formation of liquid-like droplets that mature into a gel-like state. Both examples of phase separation have enabled reductionist biochemical assays allowing discovery of an N-terminal region of 56 residues that assembles into a labile, cross-β structure. Here we provide evidence of a non-overlapping, C-terminal region of the FUS LC domain that also forms specific cross-β interactions. We propose that biologic function of the FUS LC domain may operate via the mutually exclusive use of these N- and C-terminal cross-β cores. Neurodegenerative disease-causing mutations in the FUS LC domain are shown to imbalance the two cross-β cores, offering an unanticipated concept of LC domain function and dysfunction.

Significance Statement

Single amino acid changes causative of neurologic disease often map to the cross-β forming regions of low complexity (LC) domains. All such mutations studied to date lead to enhanced avidity of cross-β interactions. The LC domain of the fused in sarcoma (FUS) RNA binding protein contains three different regions that are capable of forming labile cross-β interactions. Here we describe the perplexing effect of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-causing mutations localized to the LC domain of FUS to substantially weaken its ability to form one of its three cross-β interactions. An understanding of how these mutations abet uncontrolled polymerization of the FUS LC domain may represent an important clue as to how LC domains achieve their proper biological function.
Brain Laterality Dynamics Support Human Cognition
Authors: Wu Xinran , Kong Xiangzhen , Vatansever Deniz , Liu Zhaowen , Zhang Kai , Sahakian Barbara J , Robbins Trevor W , Feng Jianfeng , Thompson Paul , Zhang Jie
Published: August 2021

Hemispheric lateralization constitutes a core architectural principle of human brain organization underlying cognition, often argued to represent a stable, trait-like feature. However, emerging evidence underlines the inherently dynamic nature of brain networks, in which time-resolved alterations in functional lateralization remain uncharted. Integrating dynamic network approaches with the concept of hemispheric laterality, we map the spatiotemporal architecture of whole-brain lateralization in a large sample of high-quality resting-state fMRI data (N=991, Human Connectome Project). We reveal distinct laterality dynamics across lower-order sensorimotor systems and higher-order associative networks. Specifically, we expose two aspects of the laterality dynamics: laterality fluctuations, defined as the standard deviation of laterality time series, and laterality reversal, referring to the number of zero-crossings in laterality time series. These two measures are associated with moderate and extreme changes in laterality over time, respectively. While laterality fluctuations depict positive association with language function and cognitive flexibility, laterality reversal shows a negative association with the same neurocognitive factors. These opposing interactions indicate a dynamic balance between intra- and inter-hemispheric communication, i.e., segregation and integration of information across hemispheres. Furthermore, in their time-resolved laterality index, the default-mode and language networks correlate negatively with visual/sensorimotor and attention networks, indicating flexible while parallel processing capabilities that are linked to better out-of-scanner cognitive performance. Finally, the laterality dynamics correlate with regional metabolism and structural connectivity and showed significant heritability. Our results provide insights into the adaptive nature of the lateralized brain and new perspectives for future studies of human cognition, genetics and brain disorders.
Metastatic pediatric sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma
Authors: Woods Andrew D. , Purohit Reshma , Mitchell Laura Crocker , Collier John R. , Collier Katherine A. , Lathara Melvin , Learned Katrina , Vaske Olena , Geiger Heather , Wrzeszczynski Kazimierz O. , Jobanputra Vaidehi , Srinivasa Ganapati , Rudzinski Erin R. , Whelan Kimberly , Beierle Elizabeth , Spunt Sheri L. , Keller Charles , Wadhwa Aman
Published: August 2021

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare and aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma thought to originate in fibroblasts of the tissues comprising tendons, ligaments, and muscles. Minimally responsive to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies, >50% of SEF patients experience local recurrence and/or metastatic disease. SEF is most commonly discovered in middle-aged and elderly adults, but also rarely in children. A common gene fusion occurring between the EWSR1 and CREB3L1 genes has been observed in 80%–90% of SEF cases. We describe here the youngest SEF patient reported to date (a 3-yr-old Caucasian male) who presented with numerous bony and lung metastases. Additionally, we perform a comprehensive literature review of all SEF-related articles published since the disease was first characterized. Finally, we describe the generation of an SEF primary cell line, the first such culture to be reported. The patient described here experienced persistent disease progression despite aggressive treatment including multiple resections, radiotherapy, and numerous chemotherapies and targeted therapeutics. Untreated and locally recurrent tumor and metastatic tissue were sequenced by whole-genome, whole-exome, and deep-transcriptome next-generation sequencing with comparison to a patient-matched normal blood sample. Consistent across all sequencing analyses was the disease-defining EWSR1–CREB3L1 fusion as a single feature consensus. We provide an analysis of our genomic findings and discuss potential therapeutic strategies for SEF.
Stock market returns and liquidity during the COVID-19 outbreak: evidence from the financial services sector in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Cuong Thanh , Hai Phan Thanh , Nguyen Huyen Khanh
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the influence of the COVID-19 outbreak and the Government's disease control measures on the stock returns and liquidity of Vietnam-listed companies in the financial services sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors have conducted a panel data regression analysis using data from 50 banking, insurance and finance companies listed in Vietnam's two biggest stock exchanges (HNX and HOSE) within the period from January 30th, 2020 to May 15th, 2021.

Findings

The regression results indicate that the daily growth in the total number of confirmed cases caused by COVID-19 has significant negative effects on the stock market returns and liquidity. Nevertheless, the Government's imposition of lockdown yields significant and positive outcomes on stock performance. In addition, the study reveals remarkable differences in returns of large-cap and small-cap stocks under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research limitations/implications

The study indicates government and regulators should act more actively to limit the outbreak of the virus, improve investor confidence as well to support the financial services industry and deal with the outbreak of the pandemic later.

Originality/value

This is the first study to explore the influence of the COVID-19 outbreak and the Government's disease control measures on the stock returns and liquidity of Vietnam-listed companies in the financial services industry.
The relationship between work engagement and workaholism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Yunsoo , Lee Jae Young , Lee Jin
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between two sub-constructs of heavy work investment: work engagement and workaholism.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize and critically assess existing research on the relationship between these concepts.

Findings

The review revealed three major shortcomings of the extant literature: a dichotomous perspective, variations in measurements and the unaddressed complexity of the relationship.

Originality/value

Based on these findings, this study provides a discussion on the limitations and suggestions for future research on work engagement and workaholism, including using a person-centered approach.
Constructing meanings of luxury in Airbnb
Authors: Farmaki Anna , Spanou Elena , Christou Prokopis
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Following Airbnb’s recent turn to the luxury market, this paper aims to explore how Airbnb hosts construct meanings of luxury as enacted in their hosting practices.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews with 46 Airbnb hosts were undertaken using purposing sampling.

Findings

Study findings reveal that social and personal meanings of luxury manifest in host practice, with “home feeling” representing the epicentre of the luxury peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation experience.

Research limitations/implications

Although this study draws from host views, it represents a first attempt to empirically examine perceptions and applications of luxury within P2P accommodation. The study provides a conceptual framework which may serve as a point of departure for further research into which luxury service dimensions guests value.

Practical implications

The findings of the study carry implications to the wider hospitality context. Specifically, hospitality practitioners need to reconceptualize luxury hospitality provision to promote a “homotel” accommodation model which highlights the offering of physical and social luxury dimensions in addition to elements of personalized service and home-like hedonic benefits.

Originality/value

The study offers a conceptual framework of the luxury P2P accommodation servicescape, which identifies two distinct luxury offerings that may be informative to both P2P accommodation providers and hospitality practitioners.
Perceived unfairness of revenue management pricing: developing a measurement scale in the context of hospitality
Authors: Meatchi Sourou , Camus Sandra , Lecointre-Erickson Danielle
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to offer a multi-dimensional scale for measuring the concept of perceived unfairness of revenue management pricing (RMP) in the context of hospitality.

Design/methodology/approach

To develop a measurement scale for the perceived unfairness of RMP, the authors conducted a qualitative study using the critical incident technique to identify the key components of our measurement tool. They then collected two samples of quantitative data enabling them to have compelling evidence of the scale’s reliability and validity.

Findings

This research identified three dimensions of perceived unfairness of RMP in the context of hospitality: perceived normative deviation, perceived opacity and negative effects. The new scale proposed here is an alternative measurement instrument that could be useful for detecting and correcting some negative aspects of RMP.

Practical implications

This measurement scale will help hotel managers to detect potential feelings of unfairness in relation to the RMP policies. It might also be used within the framework of market analyses and pricing strategy plans. Finally, the results of this research show that transparency, fairness and ethics based pricing could help hotel managers increase their revenue-per-available-room during and post COVID-19 pandemic.

Originality/value

This research develops a complete measurement scale for perceived unfairness of RMP, including cognitive and affective dimensions. The richness of this scale will help hospitality companies effectively identify the indicators that denote perceived unfairness of RMP, making them better equipped to handle customer dissatisfaction.
Customer mistreatment and employee customer-focused voice: the bright and dark sides of felt trust
Authors: Huang Yung-Kuei , Kwok Linchi
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to assess a moderated-mediation model to account for the relationship between customer mistreatment and frontline hotel employees’ customer-focused voice, where their organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) served as a mediator and their felt trust (reliance and disclosure) by supervisors served as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected through paper-based questionnaires in a cross-sectional survey, consisting of 319 valid supervisor-employee-paired responses from 33 international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Regression analyses were used for hypothesis testing.

Findings

OBSE mediates the negative effect of customer mistreatment on customer-focused voice. Employee felt reliance intensifies the negative impact of customer mistreatment on OBSE, and this interaction effect, in turn, reduces customer-focused voice through OBSE. The employee felt disclosure marginally significantly buffers the effect of customer mistreatment on OBSE.

Practical implications

Given the adverse effect of customer mistreatment on customer-focused voice through OBSE, hotels should strengthen employees’ service mindset and value their suggestions. The double-edged effects of felt trust suggest that managers should form a trusting relationship with their subordinates and reassure them that isolated incidents of customer mistreatment will not jeopardize their reputation.

Originality/value

This study integrated sociometer and self-consistency theories to examine OBSE as a psychological mechanism to explain the mistreatment-voice process. Besides assessing felt trust’s two-dimensional effects, this research is possibly the first attempt to examine felt trust as an enabling force or a threat to OBSE in the context of customer mistreatment.
How Rude! Linking supervisor incivility to subordinates’ discretionary work effort
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Adeel , Ahmed Ammarah , Zhang Lin , Durrani Dilawar Khan
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Although past research has looked into myriad consequences of workplace incivility, little attention has been paid to the effects of supervisor incivility (SI) on employees’ sense of vitality and their discretionary work effort (DWE). Moreover, the mechanisms that drive the harmful effects of SI remain largely unknown. The current study seeks to address these gaps in the literature. In particular, this study aims to examine how SI culminates in decreased DWE.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting a cross-sectional survey design, data for this study were gathered from 151 employees of two large companies in the financial services sector of Pakistan. A number of analysis techniques (e.g. confirmatory factor analysis and bootstrapping) were used to analyze the data.

Findings

As predicted, SI was found to be negatively associated both with subordinates’ sense of vitality and DWE while vitality was found to be positively associated with DWE. Findings also indicated that one way in which SI negatively affects subordinates’ DWE is by decreasing their sense of vitality.

Practical implications

This study offers several useful implications for management practice in relation to preventing SI and mitigating its effects and bolstering employees’ sense of vitality.

Originality/value

To the best of the knowledge, this study is the first to unpack the relationship dynamics of SI, vitality and DWE, and to introduce a mechanism by which SI translates into reduced DWE.
Mapping terrorism in the academic landscape of business field of study: a bibliometric study of the past 30 years
Authors: Klona Maria , Menzies Jane , Zutshi Ambika
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Terrorism is as old as humanity itself, but its new form in the twenty-first century is adversely affecting the performance of businesses in both developing and developed countries. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the evolution and diffusion of academic knowledge on the topic of terrorism in business-related literature.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was gathered from two databases, namely, the Scopus and Web of Science over 30 years (1990–2019). The search terms related to terrorism in titles, abstracts and authors’ keywords, which resulted in a total of 1,097 articles. Bibliometric methods, including a thematic and content analysis identifying main themes and using Gephi and VOSviewer software, were used to analyse the data.

Findings

The results reveal the productivity of the main actors, current thematic choices and future research opportunities. The main thematic areas of the research arising from the bibliometric analysis included the impact of terrorism on economic growth, Foreign Direct Investment, tourism, stock market reforms, security of multinational corporations as a result of terrorism and finally, the impact of political instability and terrorism on business. This study’s findings may guide the research of future academics and assist policy stakeholders in their strategic choices related to future business development.

Research limitations/implications

The study has certain limitations that are inherent to the bibliometric methods or to the choices related to data collection and processing.

Practical implications

This study recognised evolution and trends regarding the influence of terrorism on businesses, which is crucial information for the development of business and policy strategies in the future. These strategies should enhance the ability of businesses to cope with the negative effects of terrorism and make these effects less devastating. For academics, this study provides relevant insights on recent research trends in the field of terrorism in business and emerging future academic thematic opportunities.

Social implications

The findings of the study indicate that issues of terrorism in business have broader social implications, which both academia and policy stakeholders can attend with their work.

Originality/value

This bibliometric review offers new insights into terrorism from the business lens by identifying the common streams of research in the field, along with the key journals, articles, countries, institutions, authors, data sources and networks in this field. The future research directions in this field of knowledge are also articulated in the study.
Data quality for federated medical data lakes
Authors: Eder Johann , Shekhovtsov Vladimir A.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Medical research requires biological material and data collected through biobanks in reliable processes with quality assurance. Medical studies based on data with unknown or questionable quality are useless or even dangerous, as evidenced by recent examples of withdrawn studies. Medical data sets consist of highly sensitive personal data, which has to be protected carefully and is available for research only after the approval of ethics committees. The purpose of this research is to propose an architecture to support researchers to efficiently and effectively identify relevant collections of material and data with documented quality for their research projects while observing strict privacy rules.

Design/methodology/approach

Following a design science approach, this paper develops a conceptual model for capturing and relating metadata of medical data in biobanks to support medical research.

Findings

This study describes the landscape of biobanks as federated medical data lakes such as the collections of samples and their annotations in the European federation of biobanks (Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure – European Research Infrastructure Consortium, BBMRI-ERIC) and develops a conceptual model capturing schema information with quality annotation. This paper discusses the quality dimensions for data sets for medical research in-depth and proposes representations of both the metadata and data quality documentation with the aim to support researchers to effectively and efficiently identify suitable data sets for medical studies.

Originality/value

This novel conceptual model for metadata for medical data lakes has a unique focus on the high privacy requirements of the data sets contained in medical data lakes and also stands out in the detailed representation of data quality and metadata quality of medical data sets.
A mixed-method systematic review of text-based telehealth interventions in eating disorder management
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyun , Bambling Matthew , Edirippulige Sisira
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Eating disorders (EDs) is a major health condition affecting 9% of the global population and 10% of those with EDs lost their lives as a result. Text-based telehealth interventions (TTIs) seem to provide a low-cost and convenient treatment option; however, the evidence is scarce. This study aimed to synthesize evidence relating to the use of TTIs for the management of EDs.

Design/methodology/approach

Five databases were searched published between January 2020 and May 2019. The authors used keywords relating to telehealth and EDs. The authors used Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI's) critical appraisal instrument to assess the methodology quality of included studies.

Findings

Fifteen studies were included in this mix-method systematic review and assessed for methodology quality. Email, web-based texting, text-messaging and online chat room were used as mode for deliver healthcare for patients with EDs. In the treatment phase, all studies (nine studies; n = 860 participants) showed effectiveness (for RCTs) and usefulness (for non-RCT studies). In the aftercare phase (six studies; n = 364 participants), the results regarding the effectiveness of TTIs were mixed. Two studies showed effectiveness whilst four studies did not find statistically significant change of ED outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

The qualities of these studies varied; firstly, 66% (n = 10) of the studies were non-randomized studies (e.g. single-arm trial, case report) with small samples. Moreover, one-fourth (n = 4) of the studies did not use validated instruments or indicate the instrument. Also, half (n = 7) of the studies used TTIs as adjunct to face-to-face treatment or bigger online treatment, it is hard to make conclusion that the changes were due to TTIs' effect. In addition, follow-up rate is not satisfactory, thus results should be interpreted cautiously.

Practical implications

TTIs seem to be promising for management of EDs, particularly in the treatment phase. This provides an important treatment option for health practitioners and people with EDs as an alternative or in adjunct with face-to-face services.

Originality/value

This is the first review to synthesis the use of TTIs for ED management.
Discovering the importance of halal tourism for Indonesian Muslim travelers: perceptions and behaviors when traveling to a non-Muslim destination
Authors: Wibawa Berto Mulia , Pranindyasari Chelsia , Bhawika Gita Widi , Mardhotillah Rachma Rizqina
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This research aims to identify halal attributes for Indonesian Muslim tourists that can create a destination image, revisit intention and recommendation intention. Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world and their Muslim tourists who frequently visit non-Muslim countries. This is a great opportunity for non-Muslim countries to improve halal tourism services.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected through a panel of recruited online sampling on 268 Indonesian Muslim tourists who had visited non-Muslim countries. Structural equation modeling analysis is used to investigate the impact of halal tourism attributes on destination images and behavioral intentions.

Findings

This study found the five halal tourism attributes that had a positive and significant impact on affective destination image, overall destination image, revisit intention and recommendation intention.

Practical implications

Halal tourism attributes can be used as a basis for marketing strategies of tourism bureaus to create a destination image, increase intention to revisit and provide effective word-of-mouth recommendations based on Muslim tourists needs.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the main needs for halal tourism of Indonesian Muslim tourists when traveling to non-Muslim countries. Our study contributes to the halal tourism literature, along with having implications for non-Muslim tourism bureaus and halal tourism teaching and practice.
Anti-money laundering obligations and dismissal of bankers: evidence from Malaysia
Authors: A. Rahman Aspalella , Abdul Wahab Harlida
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to analyse the anti-money laundering (AML) obligations imposed on bankers as the main reporting entities under the AML regime in Malaysia. Apart from discussing the relevant provisions, several court cases were also examined to identify the problems which arise in the implementation of the law and the risk of dismissal that bankers may face.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper mainly relies on statutes and court cases as its primary sources of information. It is supported by secondary data to justify the analysis. This paper also uses an analytical descriptive approach to analyse relevant provisions from statutes and to examine current court cases regarding the implementation of the AML obligations on bankers.

Findings

It is submitted that the AML legislation imposes a significant burden of reporting requirements on the bankers, failure of which may justify the dismissal or termination of their services. In other words, the law has not only altered the way bankers deal with their customers but also poses substantial legal risks to their security of tenure. Indeed, getting the right balance between the need to combat money laundering and the interests of bankers is a difficult exercise.

Originality/value

This paper provides an analysis of the liability of bankers under Malaysian AML laws. It is hoped that the content of this paper can provide some insight into this particular area for bankers, enforcement authorities, practitioners, academics, policymakers and legal advisers, not only in Malaysia but also elsewhere. The findings of this paper also highlight the risks that bankers may face for non-compliance with the reporting obligations under the AML laws.
Employee domain and non-financial performance: the moderating effect of digital reputation
Authors: Schena Rosamartina , Russo Angeloantonio , Pinkse Jonatan
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to extend existing knowledge in corporate sustainability (CS) and digitalization literature. Innovation strategies (namely, exploration, exploitation and ambidexterity) are used to identify an innovative employee domain that influences a firm’s non-financial performance. Digital reputation – i.e. the set of stakeholders’ sentiments toward the company’s digital footprint – is observed as a moderating variable able to explain where and when the innovative employee domain impacts the non-financial performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of firms listed on the Fortune 500 list in the period 2015–2018, this study pursued both a qualitative and quantitative analysis. First, content analysis is carried out through a non-financial report-based operational model to operationalize the innovative domain. Second, a regression and moderator analysis are conducted on optimized panel data.

Findings

Consistent with previous literature, the results show that the employee domain positively impacts a firm’s non-financial performance. It was found that digital reputation operates as a moderator in this relationship.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the theoretical debate on CS by introducing a new concept relevant to an employee domain of exploration, exploitation and ambidexterity. It enriches the innovation debate by providing a new perspective on how firms can balance exploratory and exploitative innovation strategies in the employee domain to enhance non-financial performance. Finally, it provides a novel definition of digital reputation.
Influencer marketing: purchase intention and its antecedents
Authors: Li Yi , Peng Yangying
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This research explores the path that social media influencers affect target consumers to purchase a certain brand posted in their contents.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 510 Weibo users in China, the conceptual model is tested by structural equation modeling (SEM) in Lisrel 8.8 statistical software.

Findings

This study examined that influencers' source characteristics stimulate consumers' positive attitudes (image satisfaction and/or advertising trust), in turn affect consumers' purchase intention. The expertise, originality and homophily of influencers positively affect two attitudes of consumers. The attractiveness only positively affects image satisfaction, and the interactivity only positively affects advertising trust. Besides that, this study also verified the mediating role of consumers' self-brand connection between the two attitudes and purchase intentions.

Originality/value

By distinguishing two different attitudes of consumers and incorporating consumers' self-brand connection, we proposed a complete theoretical framework for the overall mechanism of influence marketing based on communication–persuasion matrix.
Sunk costs and quasi-hyperbolic discounting: keeping profitable commitments by considering sunk costs
Authors: Knox Brian
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Managerial accounting education generally insists that managers should never consider sunk costs. This suggestion seems inconsistent with a common mode of thinking about future rewards: quasi-hyperbolic discounting. This paper aims to explore the conflict between sunk cost consideration and quasi-hyperbolic discounting and to illustrate when sunk cost consideration may be appropriate.

Design/methodology/approach

The author conducted three numerical experiments, i.e. simulated experiments based on analytical models, to demonstrate how it can be beneficial to consider sunk costs in some circumstances. All three numerical experiments assume quasi-hyperbolic discounting. First, the author tested considering sunk costs with future rewards that are certain. Second, the author tested considering sunk costs with uncertain future rewards. Finally, the author tested two different educational interventions to change decision-makers’ thought patterns.

Findings

The author found that considering sunk costs worsens decisions when there is bad news and improves them when there is good news. The author found that an educational intervention that partially dissuades managers from considering sunk costs improves decisions when bad news arrives and worsens them when good news arrives. The author also found that an educational intervention that reduces uncertainty improves decisions when bad news arrives and does not worsen these decisions when good news arrives.

Originality/value

The author provided numerical examples of situations in which considering sunk costs is valuable. The findings on educational interventions provide information about the tradeoffs of teaching that sunk costs should never be considered.
Commentary on “The experiences of Covid-19 ‘lockdown’ for people with a learning disability: results from surveys in Jersey and Guernsey”
Authors: Rogers Gemma
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to consider the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown restrictions.

Design/methodology/approach

This commentary reflects on the issues raised by Morris et al., and in the wider literature.

Findings

Although there have been some benefits to lockdown for people with intellectual disabilities, mainly they have experienced isolation, increased mental health and well-being challenges, difficulty in accessing services, support and adequate adapted information.

Originality/value

This commentary argues that it is important to continue to capture the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities now and over time to assess the long-term consequences of the pandemic and to design services which are respondent to their needs.
Cyberlaw and cyberspace vis-a-vis impact of internet during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bhushan Tripti
Published: August 2021

Purpose

We live in a techno savvy era that is called as virtual connection and communication.

Design/methodology/approach

During this pandemic crisis, we all are dependent upon technology, internet for connecting to our families and our friends; this all is monitored by cyberlaw.

Findings

Today, the computer crimes are increasing at a high rate, and it should be controlled and managed to maintain the platform .Cyberspace on the other hand can be discussed as the space where all internet-related activities are taking place and cyberlaw regulates. The paper will throw light on the impact of internet on the COVID-19 pandemic.

Originality/value

The paper will throw light on the impact of internet on the COVID-19 pandemic.
Voice activity detection using optimal window overlapping especially over health-care infrastructure
Authors: Sharma Shilpa , Rattan Punam , Sharma Anurag , Shabaz Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to introduce recently an unregulated unsupervised algorithm focused on voice activity detection by data clustering maximum margin, i.e. support vector machine. The algorithm for clustering K-mean used to solve speech behaviour detection issues was later applied, the application, therefore, did not permit the identification of voice detection. This is critical in demands for speech recognition.

Design/methodology/approach

Here, the authors find a voice activity detection detector based on a report provided by a K-mean algorithm that permits sliding window detection of voice and noise. However, first, it needs an initial detection pause. The machine initialized by the algorithm will work on health-care infrastructure and provides a platform for health-care professionals to detect the clear voice of patients.

Findings

Timely usage discussion on many histories of NOISEX-92 var reveals the average non-speech and the average signal-to-noise ratios hit concentrations which are higher than modern voice activity detection.

Originality/value

Research work is original.
Plant functional types regulate non‐additive responses of soil respiration to 5‐year warming and nitrogen addition in a semi‐arid grassland
Authors: Song Jian , Xia Jianyang , Hui Dafeng , Zheng Mengmei , Wang Jing , Ru Jingyi , Wang Haidao , Zhang Qingshan , Yang Chao , Wan Shiqiang
Published: August 2021

How climate warming interacts with atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to affect carbon (C) release from soils remains largely elusive, posing a major challenge in projecting climate change‒terrestrial C feedback.

As part of a 5‐year (2006–2010) field manipulative experiment, this study was designed to examine the effects of 24‐hr continuous warming and N addition on soil respiration and explore the underlying mechanisms in a semi‐arid grassland on the Mongolian Plateau, China.

Across the 5 years and all plots, soil respiration was not changed under the continuous warming, but was decreased by 3.7% under the N addition. The suppression of soil respiration by N addition in the third year and later could be mainly due to the reductions in the forb‐to‐grass biomass ratios. Moreover, there were interactive effects between continuous warming and N addition on soil respiration. Continuous warming increased soil respiration by 5.8% in the ambient N plots, but reduced it by 6.3% in the enriched N plots. Soil respiration was unaffected by N addition in the ambient temperature plots yet decreased by 9.4% in the elevated temperature plots. Changes of soil moisture and the proportion of legume biomass in the community might be primarily responsible for the non‐additive effects of continuous warming and N addition on soil respiration.

This study provides empirical evidence for the positive climate warming‒soil C feedback in the ambient N condition. However, N deposition reverses the positive warming‒soil C feedback into a negative feedback, leading to decreased C loss from soils under a warming climate. Incorporating our findings into C‐cycling models could reduce the uncertainties of model projections for land C sink and global C cycling under multifactorial global change scenarios.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The Moral Weight of a Democratic Majority
Authors: Rosebury Brian
Published: August 2021

It is a still‐influential characteristic of liberal thought since Mill that it advances moral arguments for limiting the authority of a democratic majority. This article suggests several reasons for thinking that a numerical majority nevertheless has some, though not necessarily decisive, moral weight. At the core of these reasons is the principle that every individual citizen has equal moral standing, even when he or she belongs to a numerical majority.
Reduced‐sodium Vienna sausage: Selected quality characteristics, optimized salt mixture, and commercial scale‐up production
Authors: Sriwattana Sujinda , Chokumnoyporn Napapan , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon
Published: August 2021

Sodium reduction influences the quality of processed meat products that, in turn, affect consumer acceptance. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the texture, color, and sensory acceptability of reduced‐sodium Vienna sausage. A three‐component mixture design (0‐65% NaCl; 35–100% KCl; 0–20% glycine [Gly]) was performed to obtain an optimal salt mixture based on 14 sausage formulations. Mixture response surface plots revealed the optimal reduced‐sodium Vienna sausage containing 20.13–65.00% NaCl, 35.00–60.15% KCl, and 0.00–20.00% Gly (this salt mixture constituted 1.35% of the formulation). One optimal laboratory‐scale sausage, formulated with 21.43% NaCl, 59.71% KCl, and 18.86% Gly, was further selected for commercial scale‐up production (a 25‐kg batch). Both laboratory‐scale and scale‐up products were comparably acceptable (5.9‐6.6 vs. 5.9‐6.7) for overall liking, flavor, saltiness, and texture, and contained 315.4–333.5 mg sodium/100 g, hence having >25% sodium reduction compared to the control (569.5 mg/100 g) according to US Food and Drugs Administration regulation. This study demonstrated the feasibility of a scale‐up production of acceptable reduced‐sodium Vienna sausage formulated with a salt mixture of NaCl/KCl/Gly.

Practical Application

Processed meat products are one of the major sources of daily dietary sodium in the form of sodium chloride. Recently, there is an increased demand by consumers for healthier meat products. Of particular interest is finding solutions for sodium reduction in meat products while maintaining sensory properties and consumer acceptance. This study demonstrated that a mixture of KCl and Gly could be used as partial NaCl substitution in the commercial scale‐up of Vienna sausages without drastically compromising sensory acceptability.
A method for low‐cost, low‐impact insect tracking using retroreflective tags
Authors: Smith Michael Thomas , Livingstone Michael , Comont Richard
Published: August 2021

Current methods for direct tracking of individual bee movement behaviour have several limitations. In particular, the weight and size of some types of electronic tag may limit their use to larger species. Radars and other electronic systems are also often large and very expensive to deploy. A tool is needed that complements these electronic‐tag methods. In particular, one that is simple to use, low‐cost, can have a high spatial resolution and can be used with smaller insects.

This paper presents a candidate method that uses retroreflective tags. These are detected using a camera with a global electronic shutter, with which we take photos with and without a flash. The tags can be detected by comparing these two photos. The small retroreflective tags are simple and lightweight, allowing many bees to be tagged at almost no cost and with little effect on their behaviour.

We demonstrate this retroreflector‐based tracking system (RTS) with a series of simple experiments: Training and validation with a manually positioned tag, case studies of individual bees, tracking multiple bees as they forage in a garden, use of real‐time monitoring to allow easy reobservation to enable a simple floral preference experiment and a very brief experiment with 3D path reconstruction (integrating two devices). We found we could detect bees to a range of about 35 m with the current configuration.

We envisage the system will be used in the future to increase detection rates in mark–reobservation studies, provide 3D flight path analysis and for automated long‐term monitoring. In summary, this novel tracking method has advantages that complement those of electronic‐tag tracking which we believe will lead to new applications and areas of research.
Ouabain and chloroquine trigger senolysis of BRAF‐V600E‐induced senescent cells by targeting autophagy
Authors: L’Hôte Valentin , Courbeyrette Régis , Pinna Guillaume , Cintrat Jean‐Christophe , Le Pavec Gwenaëlle , Delaunay‐Moisan Agnès , Mann Carl , Thuret Jean‐Yves
Published: August 2021

The expression of BRAF‐V600E triggers oncogene‐induced senescence in normal cells and is implicated in the development of several cancers including melanoma. Here, we report that cardioglycosides such as ouabain are potent senolytics in BRAF senescence. Sensitization by ATP1A1 knockdown and protection by supplemental potassium showed that senolysis by ouabain was mediated by the Na,K‐ATPase pump. Both ion transport inhibition and signal transduction result from cardioglycosides binding to Na,K‐ATPase. An inhibitor of the pump that does not trigger signaling was not senolytic despite blocking ion transport, demonstrating that signal transduction is required for senolysis. Ouabain triggered the activation of Src, p38, Akt, and Erk in BRAF‐senescent cells, and signaling inhibitors prevented cell death. The expression of BRAF‐V600E increased ER stress and autophagy in BRAF‐senescent cells and sensitized the cell to senolysis by ouabain. Ouabain inhibited autophagy flux, which was restored by signaling inhibitors. Consequently, we identified autophagy inhibitor chloroquine as a novel senolytic in BRAF senescence based on the mode of action of cardioglycosides. Our work underlies the interest of characterizing the mechanisms of senolytics to discover novel compounds and identifies the endoplasmic reticulum stress‐autophagy tandem as a new vulnerability in BRAF senescence that can be exploited for the development of further senolytic strategies.
The impact of racism on emergency health care workers
Authors: Kaltiso Sheri‐Ann O. , Seitz Roslyn M. , Zdradzinski Michael J. , Moran Timothy P. , Heron Sheryl , Robertson Jennifer , Lall Michelle D.
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Discrimination based on race is a known source of stress in individuals and is a contributor to poor health outcomes in patients. However, less is known about how the experiences of racism impact the stress levels of emergency health care workers (EHCWs).

Objectives

The goal of this study was to assess the impact that racism has on the stress of EHCWs.

Methods

An anonymous electronic cross‐sectional survey of EHCWs including attending physicians, resident physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses, and staff at three large metropolitan hospitals was administered in the summer of 2020. The survey evaluated the stress related to systemic racism and the COVID‐19 pandemic in addition to the wellness measures utilized to cope with these stressors. The focus of this article is the impact of systemic racism on EHCWs.

Results

Of the 576 eligible participants, the total number of respondents utilized for analysis was 260. Overall, 64% of participants were very concerned about the state of racism in the United States, and 30% reported moderate–high or high stress resulting from racism. When stratified by race, 46% of Black participants reported moderate–high or high stress resulting from racism, compared to 31% of other participants of color and 23% of White participants (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Systemic racism is a significant concern and source of stress for EHCWs. Additional research about systemic racism, its impact on medical providers, and more importantly, active strategies to reduce and ultimately eliminate it in health care is needed.