bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Er, Cr: YSGG Laser on Shear Bond Strength of the Orthodontic Brackets for 5 and 10 Seconds: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bagwan Ahmed A. , Abuaffan Amal H. , Alrahlah Ali , Hassan AL-Gunaid Talat
Published: March 2022

Objectives. The study designed to compare the effect of erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er, Cr: YSGG) laser at different power outputs and short periods of time (5 and 10 s) and acid etching on the shear bond strength (SBS) and failure mode of metallic orthodontic brackets. Material and methods. A total of sixty-nine human premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used. 60 teeth were randomly assigned to one of the five treatment groups. (n = 12): group 1: 37% phosphoric acid etching and groups 2–5: the enamel surface irradiated by the Er, Cr: YSGG laser operated at different power outputs (1 W, 1.5 W, 2 W, and 2.5 W), each laser group was divided into two subgroups (n = 6) according to exposure time (5 s and 10 s). Nine teeth were not subjected to SBS testing but were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test was used to evaluate the data; the SBS and adhesive remanent index (ADI) were evaluated. Results. The mean SBS for all laser groups and the acid-etched group were comparable, with no significant differences except for the 1 W group for 5 and 10 s and the 1.5 W group for 5 s. For the ARI scores, no statistically significant difference was found among the groups (

P
=
0.059

), and the majority of the samples had ARI type 2 or 3. Conclusion. The laser irradiation at 2 and 2.5 W for 5 s was similar to that produced by acid etching, whereas the laser irradiation at 2 and 2.5 W at 10 s was higher compared with that obtained with acid etching and adequate to etch the enamel.
PCDE-Sync: A Time Synchronization Mechanism Based on Partial Clustering and the Doppler Effect for Underwater Acoustic Networks
Authors: Wang Jianping , Ma Jianwei , Feng Yikun , Feng Qigao , Gao Guohong , Lv Yingying
Published: March 2022

Time synchronization is the basis of coordination and cooperation in underwater acoustic networks. However, because of the propagation delay, node mobility, and Doppler shift, it is impossible to balance the accuracy and energy consumption simply in water. As a promising technology, partial clustering has high convergence and makes breakthroughs in time synchronization. This paper proposes PCDE-Sync, a novel synchronization mechanism with partial clustering and the Doppler effect. Firstly, a clustering method built on the artificial fish swarm algorithm is presented. It models the cluster construction according to fish's preying, swarming, and following behaviors. Secondly, we design a synchronization mechanism to conduct clock correction and compensation by the Doppler effect. Finally, we compare the performance of PCDE-Sync with the most advanced protocols, namely MU-Sync, MM-Sync, and DE-Sync, in terms of the cumulative error after synchronization, the mean square error under different clock skew and that under distinctive node mobility, and energy consumption. The experimental results show that PCDE-Sync makes a trade-off between accuracy and complexity, which does well in solving synchronization issues.
The Evaluation of Classifier Performance during Fitting Wrist and Finger Movement Task Based on Forearm HD-sEMG
Authors: Duan Haiqiang , Dai Chenyun , Chen Wei
Published: March 2022

The transmission of human body movement signals to other devices through wearable smart bracelets has attracted increasing attention in the field of human-machine interfaces. However, owing to the limited data collection range of wearable bracelets, it is necessary to study the relationship between the superposition of the wrist and fingers and their cooperative motions to simplify the data collection system of such devices. Multichannel high-density surface electromyogram (HD-sEMG) signals exhibit high spatial resolutions, and they can help improve the accuracy of the multichannel fitting. In this study, we quantified the HD-sEMG forearm spatial activation features of 256 channels of hand movement and performed a linear fitting of the data obtained for finger and wrist movements in order to verify the linear superposition relationship between the cooperative and independent movements of the wrist and fingers. This study aims to classify and predict the results of the fitting and measured fingers and wrist cooperative actions using four commonly adopted classifiers and evaluate the performance of the classifiers in gesture fitting. The results indicated that linear discriminant analysis affords the highest classification performance, whereas the random forest method achieved the worst performance. This study can serve as a guide for gesture signal simplification in the future.
The Analytical Solutions for Stochastic Fractional‐Space Burgers’ Equation
Authors: Al-Askar Farah M. , Mohammed Wael W. , El-Morshedy M.
Published: March 2022

We consider here the stochastic fractional‐space Burgers’ equation (SFSBs’E) forced by multiplicative noise. Our goal in this paper is to find the analytical solutions for SFSBs’E via the (G′/G)‐expansion method. Also, we generalize some previously results where this equation was not studied before with fractional space and multiplicative noise in the itô sense. Moreover, we utilize graphical representations to discuss the effect of the stochastic term on the stability of the SFSBs’E solutions.
Disappearance of Atypical Gastric Mucosal Bleeding due to Heyde’s Syndrome after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Sugimoto Shinya , Takamura Takeshi
Published: March 2022

An 82-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to dyspnea on exertion. Blood tests showed iron deficiency anemia, and echocardiography revealed severe aortic stenosis (AS). Considering the possibility of Heyde’s syndrome, esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed to confirm the presence or absence of gastrointestinal angiodysplasia. Endoscopy revealed multiple sites of mucosal bleeding in the stomach without angiodysplasia or mucosal erosion. Although it was an atypical endoscopic finding, we diagnosed gastric mucosal bleeding associated with Heyde’s syndrome. Since no atypical blood vessels could be found, endoscopic treatment was not performed, and only transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for aortic valve stenosis was performed. TAVI immediately improved the dyspnea on exertion, and follow-up endoscopy 4 months after TAVI showed the disappearance of the multifocal mucosal bleeding in the stomach. Heyde’s syndrome is characterized by AS, acquired deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor, and gastrointestinal angiodysplasia; however, the exact diagnostic criteria have not been established. This is a case of mucosal bleeding due to Heyde’s syndrome, without the typical endoscopic image of angiodysplasia. Cardiologists and gastroenterologists need to consider the possibility of Heyde’s syndrome in AS patients with atypical gastrointestinal bleeding on endoscopy.
More Than Just the Target: Blood Pressure, Stroke, and Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Sandset Else Charlotte
Published: March 2022

Despite effective treatments, hypertension remains a leading risk factor of any stroke, stroke recurrence, and vascular cognitive impairment. Hypertension is underdiagnosed and undertreated, both in the primary and secondary prevention setting. The current issue of
Stroke
includes a Focused Update series of 6 review articles covering differing aspects of hypertension and cerebrovascular disease. Traditionally, the goal of antihypertensive treatment has been risk reduction through reaching defined targets, a
“one-size-fits-all”
approach, both in the acute stroke and in secondary prevention. In this series, there is a shift toward a more individualized approach to blood pressure management in patients suffering from stroke or vascular cognitive impairment, taking several factors in addition to a defined target into account.
Inference of Multiplicative Factors Underlying Neural Variability in Calcium Imaging Data
Authors: Triplett Marcus A. , Goodhill Geoffrey J.
Published: March 2022

Understanding brain function requires disentangling the high-dimensional activity of populations of neurons. Calcium imaging is an increasingly popular technique for monitoring such neural activity, but computational tools for interpreting extracted calcium signals are lacking. While there has been a substantial development of factor analysis-type methods for neural spike train analysis, similar methods targeted at calcium imaging data are only beginning to emerge. Here we develop a flexible modeling framework that identifies low-dimensional latent factors in calcium imaging data with distinct additive and multiplicative modulatory effects. Our model includes spike-and-slab sparse priors that regularize additive factor activity and gaussian process priors that constrain multiplicative effects to vary only gradually, allowing for the identification of smooth and interpretable changes in multiplicative gain. These factors are estimated from the data using a variational expectation-maximization algorithm that requires a differentiable reparameterization of both continuous and discrete latent variables. After demonstrating our method on simulated data, we apply it to experimental data from the zebrafish optic tectum, uncovering low-dimensional fluctuations in multiplicative excitability that govern trial-to-trial variation in evoked responses.
Hurricane Forecasting: A Novel Multimodal Machine Learning Framework
Authors: Boussioux Léonard , Zeng Cynthia , Guénais Théo , Bertsimas Dimitris
Published: March 2022

This paper describes a novel machine learning (ML) framework for tropical cyclone intensity and track forecasting, combining multiple ML techniques and utilizing diverse data sources. Our multimodal framework, called Hurricast, efficiently combines spatial–temporal data with statistical data by extracting features with deep learning encoder–decoder architectures and predicting with gradient-boosted trees. We evaluate our models in the North Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins in 2016–19 for 24-h lead-time track and intensity forecasts and show they achieve comparable mean absolute error and skill to current operational forecast models while computing in seconds. Furthermore, the inclusion of Hurricast into an operational forecast consensus model could improve upon the National Hurricane Center’s official forecast, thus highlighting the complementary properties with existing approaches. In summary, our work demonstrates that utilizing machine learning techniques to combine different data sources can lead to new opportunities in tropical cyclone forecasting.

Significance Statement

Machine learning techniques have not been fully explored for improving tropical cyclone movement and intensity changes. This work shows how advanced machine learning techniques combined with routinely available information can be used to improve 24-h tropical cyclone forecasts efficiently. The successes demonstrated for 24-h forecasts provide a recipe for improving predictions for longer lead times, further reducing forecast uncertainties and benefiting society.
Unsacred Children: The Portrayal of Unaccompanied Immigrant Minors as Racialized Threats
Authors: Romero Luis A.
Published: March 2022

Since the early twentieth century, children have been regarded as a protected class, legally and symbolically, in the United States. Although legal protections for U.S. children have also extended to non-citizen children, this study investigates whether the symbolic aspect of children’s protected status is undermined in the case of immigrant children. Through an examination of media reports during the 2014 entrance of unaccompanied minors from Central America and Mexico, I analyze how anti-immigrant protestors portrayed unaccompanied minors in quotes published in news articles across several online historical databases including ProQuest Historical Newspaper and the Local Historical Newspaper Archives by NewsBank. Based on this analysis, I find that the symbolic protected status normally attributed to children did not extend to unaccompanied minors. Specifically, anti-immigrant protestors mobilized forms of racialization typically employed against immigrant adults, which took four distinct forms that framed immigrant children as: (1) threats to the economy, (2) carriers of disease, (3) criminal and terrorist threats, and (4) invaders. Despite belonging to a vulnerable and normally protected group, immigrant children were racialized in ways well-established by scholars as characteristic of adult migrants by anti-immigrant protestors, who portrayed them as unsacred children unworthy of a protected status. This study contributes to our understandings of child and immigrant racialization and further contextualizes policies of detention and deportation against immigrant children.
A Look Back: Evolving views on parental engagement in schools
Authors: Preston Teresa
Published: March 2022

Educators have long agreed that parents have a role to play in furthering their children’s education, but they have not always agreed about what the nature of that role should be or about how schools can develop more productive relationships with parents. In this monthly column, Teresa Preston traces how that debate has played out in Kappan. Authors have debated how much schools have historically wanted parents to participate in their children’s education, and they’ve explored how schools should respond when parents do not or cannot participate.
Uncovering new opportunities for family engagement during COVID-19
Authors: Wilinski Bethany , Morley Alyssa , Wu Jamie Heng-Chieh
Published: March 2022

In March 2020, COVID-19 dramatically and indelibly altered the U.S. educational landscape. Drawing on data from interviews with 30 Michigan preK teachers, Bethany Wilinski, Alyssa Morley, and Jamie Heng-Chieh Wu describe the centrality of family engagement in their pandemic preK education and the practices that contributed to stronger home-school relationships. They consider how the family engagement practices that emerged during the pandemic might be carried forward by thinking of family engagement as an improvisational practice that is co-constructed by teachers and families.
Becoming secular: Biographies of disenchantment, generational dynamics, and why they matter
Authors: Burchardt Marian
Published: March 2022

In many Western societies, support for policies concerning the secularization of the public sphere or the state often seems to be driven by secularized majority populations considered to be largely homogeneous. In this article, by contrast, I draw on the case of the Canadian province of Quebec to show that, as a fundamental element of conflicts over secularism, secularist activism emerges from particular generational dynamics, especially those of the so-called ‘baby boomers’. My main argument is that while the baby boomers’ collective experiences have shaped their secularist outlook, there are a variety of biographical trajectories and engagements with spirituality that the public image of this generation tends to hide. The article is based on biographical and ethnographic research carried out between 2012 and 2018.
Finite element modeling effects of fiber performance on pilling of polyester–cotton woven fabrics
Authors: Xiao Qi , Wang Rui , Lu Xin , Zhang Shujie , Hongyu Sun
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to numerically establish the effects of polyester fiber performance on the pilling of polyester–cotton woven fabrics, including pilling grades, overall energy absorption and the forms of energy absorption. Geometric models of fabric and hairiness are established using the Python programming language based on the length and density distribution of hairiness on the fabric surface. The finite element method is adopted to simulate the pilling process of polyester–cotton woven fabrics with different polyester fiber performance parameters. The simulated pilling grades of fabrics are fairly close to the practical pilling grades, whose relative error is 7.3%. With the increase of fiber diameter, pilling grades decrease. Increasing the fiber friction coefficient also affects pilling grades, which firstly decrease and then increase. Pilling grades reduce with the increased fiber elastic modulus. Friction dissipation energy during pilling becomes the dominant form of energy. When the fiber diameter is less than 14 μm, the fiber friction coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.4 and the fiber elastic modulus is greater than 4.55 GPa, fabrics start pilling.
Reading, Commenting and Sharing of Fake News: How Online Bandwagons and Bots Dictate User Engagement
Authors: Molina Maria D. , Wang Jinping , Sundar S. Shyam , Le Thai , DiRusso Carlina
Published: March 2022

Do social media users read, comment, and share false news more than real news? Does it matter if the story is written by a bot and whether it is endorsed by many others? We conducted a selective-exposure experiment ( N = 171) to answer these questions. Results showed that real articles were more likely to receive “likes” whereas false articles were more likely to receive comments. Users commented more on a bot-written article when it received fewer likes. We explored the psychological mechanisms underlying these findings in Study 2 ( N = 284). Data indicate that users’ engagement with online news is largely driven by emotions elicited by news content and heuristics triggered by interface cues, such that curiosity increases consumption of real news, whereas uneasiness triggered by a high number of “likes” encourages comments on fake news.
The Teaching and Learning Function of Personal Stories: Correlational and Experimental Evidence
Authors: Alea Nicole , Osfeld Michael J.
Published: March 2022

Background

The teaching and learning and autobiographical memory literatures both suggest that personal stories can serve a teaching and learning function.

Objective

Study 1 explored students’ perceptions about whether an instructor’s personal stories to enhance learning were mediated by how much the stories were liked and created a positive learning environment. Study 2 explored whether the learner’s cognitive processing style moderated the teaching and learning function of personal stories.

Method

Study 1 was correlational and conducted as an end-of-quarter course survey. Study 2 manipulated whether a pre-recorded lecture included or not an instructor’s personal stories.

Results

Students perceived that the instructor’s personal stories helped them to learn course material better via a more positive learning environment (Study 1). This teaching and learning function was not found in the experiment but cognitive style was a moderator (Study 2)

Conclusion

Due to the mixed results, the boundaries for when instructor’s personal stories will and will not serve a teaching and learning function needs further exploration.

Teaching Implications

Instructors should share personal stories with students because students like them and it enhances the classroom environment. However, the efficacy of stories for learning needs further exploration and may depend on the learner.
Addressing Endogeneity Without Instrumental Variables: An Evaluation of the Gaussian Copula Approach for Management Research
Authors: Eckert Christine , Hohberger Jan
Published: March 2022

The availability and quality of instrumental variables (IV) are frequent concerns in empirical management research when trying to overcome endogeneity problems. For endogeneity that does not arise from sample selection, management scholars have recently started to apply the Gaussian Copula (GC) approach as an alternative to IV regression. Although the GC approach has various promising features, its limitations and usefulness in a management context are still not fully understood. We discuss the GC approach as a flexible, instrument-free approach to correct for endogeneity and examine its suitability for applied management research. We use simulations to explore the limitations and practical usefulness of the GC approach relative to ordinary least squares (OLS), IV regression, and a Higher Moments (HM) estimator by simulating the impact of different degrees of violation of the key underlying assumptions of the GC approach. We show that the GC approach can recover the true parameters remarkably well if all of its assumptions are met but that its absolute and relative performance in terms of parameter recovery and estimation precision can deteriorate quickly if these assumptions are violated. This is of particular concern as some of these assumptions are not testable and violations of them are likely in many empirical management contexts. Based on our results, we provide a series of recommendations and practical guidelines for scholars who consider using the GC approach when dealing with endogeneity.
Inside-Out as Humanistic Pedagogy
Authors: DelSesto Matthew J. , Sellers David L.
Published: March 2022

Pedagogy can be a humanistic way of engaging social realities in the current era of persistent social marginalization, racial injustice, and political polarization. This article explores one particular community-based pedagogy known as Inside-Out, which brings incarcerated students together with students from a college campus to study together at a local prison or jail. From the student and instructor perspective, the article looks at the ways that Inside-Out catalyzes humanistic thought and action—from within the social-historical context of prisons and universities. It explores how, if processes of racism or criminalization position social groups against each other, a humanistic pedagogy has the potential to meaningfully bring people together across social divides to reckon with dehumanizing social realities. Conclusions are offered on some key elements of an Inside-Out pedagogy that embody a humanistic approach and are relevant to other pedagogical contexts.
Screening for identification of patients at high risk for diabetes-related foot ulcers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Mohaithef Mohammed , Abdelmohsen Sahar A , Algameel Magda , Abdelwahed Amal Y
Published: March 2022

Objective

Diabetes affected 463 million people globally in 2019, and this number is anticipated to reach 700 million by 2045. Diabetes results in lower limb amputation every 30 seconds. Egypt has a high prevalence of diabetic foot disease among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to identify high-risk patients for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in Egypt.

Methods

We designed a cross-sectional study among adult patients with diabetes at Asyut University Hospital. Inlow’s 60-second diabetic foot screening tool was used to assess the risk of DFU. Neuropathy was assessed using the 10g monofilament test, and laboratory testing was performed to assess glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and diabetes control levels.

Results

Participants were aged 46.11 ± 9.18 years; 56% had T2DM and HbA1c levels >7%. In total, 47.9% of participants were at risk for DFUs. This risk was higher in patients who were older, male, widowed, working, illiterate, living in rural areas, and patients with diabetes duration >10 years, body mass index >32 kg/m2, uncontrolled blood glucose levels, on an insulin regimen, and smokers.

Conclusions

Increasing health care providers’ awareness and ability to identify high-risk patients is critical to prevent DFUs and reduce the risk of amputation.
Caricatured facial movements enhance perception of emotional facial expressions
Authors: Furl Nicholas , Begum Forida , Ferrarese Francesca Pizzorni , Jans Sarah , Woolley Caroline , Sulik Justin
Published: March 2022

Although faces “in the wild” constantly undergo complicated movements, humans adeptly perceive facial identity and expression. Previous studies, focusing mainly on identity, used photographic caricature to show that distinctive form increases perceived dissimilarity. We tested whether distinctive facial movements showed similar effects, and we focussed on both perception of expression and identity . We caricatured the movements of an animated computer head, using physical motion metrics extracted from videos. We verified that these “ground truth” metrics showed the expected effects: Caricature increased physical dissimilarity between faces differing in expression and those differing in identity. Like the ground truth dissimilarity, participants’ dissimilarity perception was increased by caricature when faces differed in expression. We found these perceived dissimilarities to reflect the “representational geometry” of the ground truth. However, neither of these findings held for faces differing in identity. These findings replicated across two paradigms: pairwise ratings and multiarrangement. In a final study, motion caricature did not improve recognition memory for identity, whether manipulated at study or test. We report several forms of converging evidence for spatiotemporal caricature effects on dissimilarity perception of different expressions. However, more work needs to be done to discover what identity-specific movements can enhance face identification.
Qualitative research methods I: Emotionally engaged approaches to working with vulnerable participants
Authors: Butcher Melissa
Published: March 2022

This report highlights the need for distinct approaches in qualitative research when working with the pain of marginalised and vulnerable communities. Firstly, it argues for a need to incorporate ‘emotionally engaged research’ that acknowledges complicated entanglements between researchers and those we work with, particularly when conditions of pain are present. Secondly, it traces work in sensitive contexts to highlight effective strategies that aim to ‘do no harm’ and may also become a catalyst for easing pain. Thirdly, it identifies barriers to emotionally engaged work including the need to rethink training and support for researchers.
Return to Play After Biceps Tenodesis for Isolated SLAP Tears in Overhead Athletes
Authors: Lorentz Nathan A. , Hurley Eoghan T. , Colasanti Christopher A. , Markus Danielle H. , Alaia Michael J. , Campbell Kirk A. , Strauss Eric J. , Jazrawi Laith M.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Performing open subpectoral biceps tenodesis in overhead athletes with a superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tear may affect their ability to return to overhead sports.

Purpose:

To investigate clinical outcomes in overhead athletes undergoing biceps tenodesis for the treatment of symptomatic, isolated SLAP tears involving the biceps-labral complex.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A retrospective review of overhead athletes who underwent biceps tenodesis for a SLAP tear was performed. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain, subjective shoulder value (SSV), patient satisfaction, willingness to undergo surgery again, revision procedures, and return to play were evaluated. Psychological readiness to return to sport was evaluated using the SLAP–Return to Sport after Injury (SLAP-RSI) score. A P value of <.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

The current study included 44 overhead athletes. The mean age was 34.9 years (range, 16-46 years), 79.5% were male, and the mean follow-up was 49.0 months (range, 18-107 months). Overall, 81.8% of patients returned to play their overhead sport after biceps tenodesis, and 59.1% of patients returned to the same or higher level of play. It took patients, on average, 8.7 months to return to play after biceps tenodesis. The mean SLAP-RSI score was 69.4, and 70.5% of patients passed the SLAP-RSI threshold of 56. The mean ASES score, VAS score, SSV, and satisfaction were 92.0, 0.8, 80.6, and 87.9%, respectively. No patients in our cohort required revision surgery.

Conclusion:

This study found that athletes undergoing biceps tenodesis for the treatment of a symptomatic, isolated SLAP tear had a high rate of return to play, good functional outcomes, and a low rate of revision surgery.
Evaluation of HSP-27, BAP1, BRAF V600E, CCR7, and PD-L1 expression in uveal melanoma on enucleated eyes and metastatic liver tumors
Authors: Ağın Abdullah , Kiratli Hayyam , Guresci Servet , Babaoglu Berrin , Karakaya Jale , Soylemezoglu Figen
Published: March 2022

Background

The presence of metastatic disease is one of the most important factors limiting survival in patients with uveal melanoma. Studies on proteins associated with metastatic mechanisms are sparse in the literature.

Methods

Enucleation samples from 15 patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (Group 1), liver metastasectomy samples from 8 patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (Group 2), and enucleation samples from 20 patients with non-metastatic uveal melanoma as controls (Group 3) were included in the study. Antibodies against heat shock protein 27 (HSP-27), BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1), C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase V600E (BRAF V600E), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) were used to detect immunoreactivity in each sample by immunohistochemical methods. Correlations between these expressed proteins and selected histopathological and clinical features, and metastatic process were investigated.

Results

The frequencies of HSP-27 (median score: Group 1: 8, Group 2: 12, Group 3: 4) and BRAF V600E expressions (number of samples: Group 1: 4 (26.7%), Group 2: 1 (12.5%), Group 3: 0 (0%)), and BAP1 expression loss (number of samples : Group 1: 12 (80%), Group 2: 8 (100%), Group 3: 9 (45%)) were higher in samples from patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (Group 1 + 2) than in those from patients with non-metastatic disease (Group 3) ( P = 0.001, P = 0.034, and P = 0.007, respectively). CCR7 expression (median score: Group 1: 0, Group 2: 2, Group 3: 3) was similar among these three groups ( P = 0.136). No samples exhibited PD-L1 expression ( P = 1.000). One-unit increases in the HSP-27 expression level and BAP1 expression loss were significantly related to 1.375- and 7.855-fold increases in the risk of metastasis, respectively ( P = 0.007 and P = 0.017).

Conclusion

HSP-27 and BAP1 are considered to be associated with metastasis, indicating these proteins as potential treatment targets in metastatic uveal melanoma.
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nuclear respiratory factor-2 beta subunit-encoding the GABPB1 gene within the occupational environment
Authors: Xu Pei , Xu Xingjie , Liu Jun , Hu Huajun , Shen Huajiang , Chen Chun
Published: March 2022

GABPB1, known as nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2), activates the mitochondrial genes that are responsible for antioxidant action and detoxification. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GABPB1, such as rs7181866 and rs8031031, were reported to be associated with the prevention of the increasing cancer risk caused by environmental deterioration. Between March 1 and May 1, 2018, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a cohort of 300 volunteers working in adverse occupational environments were genotyped for the two SNPs in the present study. The SNP rs7181866 was found to be significantly greater in the male group than in the female group. Frequencies of SNP rs7181866 and bi-allele SNPs (rs7181866 + rs8031031) were significantly different between the <35-year-old group and the ≥35-year-old group. Further, multinomial logistic regression analysis of the occupational environments revealed the highest predictive frequency of SNPs for four environmental factors, of which chemical factors accounted for 15.33% rs7181866, physical factors accounted for 34.79% rs7181866 + rs8031031, physical + chemical factors accounted for 39.5% rs8031031, and unknown factors accounted for 26.5% rs7181866 + rs8031031. In conclusion, the G allele of rs7181866 was found to be significantly more susceptible than the rs8031031 allele under adverse occupational environmental factors, and physical factors such as noise, which appear to play vital roles in causing SNP mutations.
An analytical study of collapse of locally corroded tubes under external pressure
Authors: Yan Sun-ting , Tang Ping , Kong Shuai
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a perturbative analysis of bifurcation pressure of 2D corroded rings characterized by locally thinned regions under external pressure by asymptotically analyzing the Timoshenko differential equation and parametric analysis. First, for the case of one corrosion region, we formulate regular perturbative solution separately for anti-symmetric bifurcation and symmetric bifurcation cases. Concise formulation is presented by introducing a corrosion severity parameter and perturbative solution is presented. Second, we present a detailed analysis for the case where corrosion region has small angular extent by converting it into a singular perturbative problem and conduct various asymptotic analyses to illustrate the interesting interlacing behaviors. The derived explicit formula explains some numerical observation by Fatt in literature. Third, we conduct parametric analysis for the case of two interacting corrosion regions by classifying it into two cases: symmetric corrosion case and non-symmetric corrosion case. Finally, we present asymptotical analysis to investigate the extremely corroded case and show by Prufer transformation that anti-symmetric bifurcation pressure decreases when the distance of two corrosion regions is increasing. This paper serves to enhance the understanding of the collapse pressure of subsea pipes with local thickness reduction.
Experimental approach of surface pressure measurements on additive manufactured nozzle guide vane in a turbocharger turbine
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Ma Chaochen , Zhu Fei , Wang Pengxiao
Published: March 2022

Obtaining the surface pressure measurement of the pneumatic blades in turbomachinery is beneficial in understanding the flow mechanism around the blades and designing of the blades to improve the turbomachinery performance. However, it is difficult for the turbocharger turbine due to the space limitation, high rotational speed, and small geometric size. The present study investigates a novel measuring approach of the surface pressure of the guide vane in a turbocharger turbine based on the additive manufacturing techniques, which is not reported in the previous literature. The static pressure on the pressure side and suction side of the guide vanes in the variable nozzle turbine was investigated using both the experimental and numerical methods. The results show that the majority of the measuring results generally agree with the numerical prediction at different operating points with the relative difference below 5%. Besides, the trends of the static pressure as the rotational speed and mass flow rate between the pressure side and suction side were also captured in the experimental methodology. The highest deviations between experimental and calculated models were found in the first and fifth pressure taps on the guide vanes with an averaged absolute relative difference of up to 11.61% and 16.1% for 20% opening and 60% opening, respectively. The ratio of the kinetic pressure to total pressure and the flow field in the guide vane passage were analyzed to estimate the influence on the static pressure measurement. Nevertheless, the preliminary comparison results still encourage and extend the bounds of the possibility in the use of additive manufacturing techniques for miniature pneumatic blade surface pressure measurement.
Abundance Causes Greed in Appropriation from Common Resources
Authors: Nelissen Rob
Published: March 2022

Three experiments investigated the possibility that greed is not just a consequence of scarcity but may also result from abundance of common resources. It was predicted that abundance causes greed not through increasing competition but because it reduces social concerns for the outcomes of others, resulting in resource waste. Consistent with these predictions, we found that people take and waste more from common resources if these resources are more—rather than less—abundant. These findings were robust to different types of resources (chocolates and money). Implications of these findings for attempts at sustainable resource use are discussed.
Social Identity and Well-being: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Social Identity and Well-being in Light of the Accelerating Cultural Globalisation
Authors: Damkier Sofie Amalie , Ozer Simon
Published: March 2022

In today’s globalised world, people are interacting with different cultural streams every day, which can challenge the individual’s rootedness in regard to their identity. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between social identity and well-being in terms of satisfaction with life, and to examine whether the individual’s reaction to cultural globalisation mediates this relationship. The individual’s reaction to cultural globalisation was operationalised as a proactive (multicultural acquisition) or defensive (ethnic protection) reaction. The study examined students in India ( n = 147) and Denmark ( n = 223). The results showed that social identity was positively related to well-being in Denmark but negatively related to well-being in India. Moreover, it showed that social identity and well-being was mediated by a defensive reaction to cultural globalisation in both contexts. The results indicate that cultural differences affect how the individual reacts to cultural globalisation and, further, how social identity and well-being are related. Therefore, the relationship between social identity and well-being in globalised contexts is complex and it is relevant to include the individual’s reaction to cultural globalisation when comprehending the role of social identity in globalised societies.
The Tip of the Iceberg: A Roadmap for Management Research on Tipping
Authors: Pek Simon
Published: March 2022

Tipping is a complex phenomenon with wide-ranging impacts on workers and organizations. Prior research has made important contributions to our understanding of why tipping happens and what its impacts are. Yet, we still have much to learn about these topics, particularly when it comes to the emergence, evolution, and diffusion of tipping norms, how organizations approach their decision-making about tipping practices, and the broader individual, organizational, and societal impacts of tipping. Despite management researchers’ limited attention to tipping to date, I argue that they have much to contribute to our understanding of these questions through their conceptual tools and lenses.
Literature survey and application of a full-field 3D-DIC technique to determine the damage characteristic of rock under triaxial compression
Authors: Tang Yang , Zhang Hailong , Guo Xiaoxiao , Ren Ting
Published: March 2022

Digital-image correlation (DIC) is a deformation-measurement technique used to determine rock and soil mechanics. We review DIC tests of rock and soil, with data categorized according to specimen shape, test type, and DIC method. A new three-dimensional-DIC system integrates a transparent triaxial-compression servo-control test system for rocks. The confining pressure cell is transparent and three groups of image-acquisition units, which can be controlled with loading cell at the same time, are adopted to obtain the maximum observed fields. The average magnification factors caused by the transparent cell and oil are 1.4430 and 1.0331 for the measured horizontal and vertical distances, respectively. A triaxial compressive test of rock is performed and the specimen’s surface-strain fields and crack propagation are discussed.
Fragmentation and hazard analysis of brittle materials under far-field blast loading
Authors: Hatfield John E , Davidson James S
Published: March 2022

When subjected to blast loading, brittle building components such as glass and masonry tend to break into fragments that are propelled at hazardous high velocities. There has been copious research on defining the design resistance of structures subjected to extreme dynamic loading, but research that relates the loading characteristics to fragmentation velocity and lethality is lacking in some areas. A review of research concerning fragmentation of brittle materials in dynamic loading scenarios, concentrating on far-field blast loading, was conducted. Fragmentation principles and their application in, analytical, statistical, numerical, and other varied modeling approaches were examined. Special attention was given to research evaluating fragment generation and velocity calculation above the level required for design of structural members and suitable for occupant hazard calculation. By surveying fragmentation research key factors that affect fragmentation behavior, velocity, and hazard across modeling efforts are developed and discussed.
Differences in labour market marginalisation between refugees, non-refugee immigrants and Swedish-born youth: Role of age at arrival and residency duration
Authors: Geirsdottir Gerdur , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Björkenstam Emma , Chen Lingjing , Dorner Thomas E. , Amin Ridwanul
Published: March 2022

Aims:

We investigated if the risk of long-term unemployment (LTU) and disability pension (DP) differs between young refugees and non-refuge immigrants compared to the Swedish-born. The role of age at arrival, duration of residency and morbidity in this association was also investigated.

Methods:

All 19- to 25-year-olds residing in Sweden on 31 December 2004 (1691 refugees who were unaccompanied by a parent at arrival, 24,697 accompanied refugees, 18,762 non-refugee immigrants and 621,455 Swedish-born individuals) were followed from 2005 to 2016 regarding LTU (>180 days annually) and DP using nationwide register data. Cox regression models were used to estimate crude and multivariate-adjusted (adjusted for several socio-demographic, labour market and health-related covariates) hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results:

Compared to the Swedish-born, all migrant groups had around a 1.8-fold higher risk of LTU (range aHR=1.71–1.83) and around a 30% lower risk of DP (range aHR=0.66–0.76). Older age at arrival was associated with a higher risk of LTU only for non-refugee immigrants. Both older age at arrival and a shorter duration of residency were associated with a lower risk of DP for all migrant groups. Psychiatric morbidity had the strongest effect on subsequent DP, with no significant differences between migrant groups and the Swedish-born (range aHR=5.1–6.1).

Conclusions:

Young immigrants had a higher risk of LTU and a lower risk of DP than their Swedish-born peers. No differences between the different immigrant groups were found. Age at arrival, psychiatric morbidity and duration of residency are strong determinants of being granted DP.
Supermarket tribes and the temple of Aldi: A comparison between the UK and Australia
Authors: Spanjaard Daniela , Freeman Lynne
Published: March 2022

This research began as an investigation into consumer responses to the increasing number of supermarket own brands appearing in the grocery aisles of Australia when compared with the United Kingdom (UK) where retailer brands tend to dominate. Where the study ended was with the revelation of consumer ‘supermarket tribes’ and that this connectedness is linked to the consumption space as a way to endorse a lifestyle. We propose that the significance of spatial structure to ordinary practices, such as grocery shopping, may have been previously overlooked due to assumptions around its relative unimportance, when in fact this activity makes a valuable contribution to the culture of consumption. People do not always make economically rational decisions and instead support cultural theories that their lives are fashioned around the consumption experience, which ultimately contributes to their multiple realities. This study reveals that these realities can be made up of a series of fleeting moments as part of a grocery shop from which a perceived uniqueness, or not, is formed, and this is influenced by different market offerings. This was an unexpected outcome. Using a mix of focus groups and ethnographic data, we uncovered the presence of consumer tribes within the UK market, but which were not replicated in Australia. The exception to this was Aldi, where Australian shoppers revealed higher devotion to the store. This article contributes to theory by investigating the presence of consumer tribes for supermarket retailers where the number of different stores, and the type of customer interactions influence the likelihood of such a phenomenon to occur. This is a departure from the conventional retailer perspective and recognising this change to consumer expectations and consumption is important for retailer growth and improved market presence.
Effects of a Virtual Reality–Based Mirror Therapy Program on Improving Sensorimotor Function of Hands in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hsu Hsiu-Yun , Kuo Li-Chieh , Lin Yu-Ching , Su Fong-Chin , Yang Tai-Hua , Lin Che-Wei
Published: March 2022

Background. Embedding mirror therapy within a virtual reality (VR) system may have a superior effect on motor remediation for chronic stroke patients. Objective. The objective is to investigate the differences in the effects of using conventional occupational therapy (COT), mirror therapy (MT), and VR-based MT (VR-MT) training on the sensorimotor function of the upper limb in chronic stroke patients. Methods. This was a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. A total of 54 participants, including chronic stroke patients, were randomized into a COT, MT, or VR-MT group. In addition to 20-minute sessions of task-specific training, patients received programs of 30 minutes of VR-MT, 30 minutes of MT, and 30 minutes of COT, respectively, in the VR-MT, MT, and COT groups twice a week for 9 weeks. The Fugl-Meyer motor assessment for the upper extremities (FM-UE; primary outcome), Semmes-Weinstein monofilament, motor activity log, modified Ashworth scale, and the box and block test were recorded at pre-treatment, post-intervention, and 12-week follow-up. Results. Fifty-two participants completed the study. There was no statistically significant group-by-time interaction effects on the FM-UE score (generalized estimating equations, (GEE), P = .075). Meanwhile, there were statistically significant group-by-time interaction effects on the wrist sub-score of the FM-UE (GEE, P = .012) and the result of box and block test (GEE, P = .044). Conclusions. VR-MT seemed to have potential effects on restoring the upper extremity motor function for chronic stroke patients. However, further confirmatory studies are warranted for the rather weak evidence of adding VR to MT on improving primary outcome of this study. Clinical trial registration: NCT03329417.
Changes in Electrical Activities of the Brain Associated with Cognitive Functions in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kanthi Amit , Singh Deepeshwar , Manjunath N. K. , Nagarathna Raghuram
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Electroencephalogram (EEG) has the potentials to decipher the neural underpinnings of cognitive processes in clinical and healthy populations. Objective: The current systematic review is intended to examine the functional brain changes underlying cognitive dysfunctions in T2DM patients. Methods: The review was conducted on studies published in the PubMed, WebofScience, Cochrane, PsycInfo database till June 2021. The keywords used were electroencephalogram, T2DM, cognitive impairment/dysfunction. We considered studies using resting-state EEG and ERP. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to compile the studies. Results: The search yielded a total of 2384 studies. Finally, 16 independent studies were included. There was a pattern of a shift in EEG power observed from higher to lower frequencies in T2DM patients, though to a lesser degree than Alzheimer's disease patients. P300 latency was increased in T2DM patients mainly over frontal, parietal, and posterior regions. P300 and N100 amplitudes were decreased in T2DM patients than in healthy controls. Conclusion: The results indicate that T2DM has consequences for cognitive functions, and it finds a place in the continuum of healthy cognition to dementia.