bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rat Model of Endogenous and Exogenous Hyperammonaemia Induced by Different Diets
Authors: Donaldson Janine , Jacek Tomasz , Wychowański Piotr , Zaworski Kamil , Szkopek Dominika , Woliński Jarosław , Grujic Danica , Pierzynowski Stefan , Pierzynowska Kateryna
Published: February 2025

Two different diets able to induce dietary hyperammonaemia (a methionine–choline-deficient (MCD) diet and a methionine-deficient diet enriched with ammonium acetate (MAD + 20% ammonium acetate)) were tested in a rat model. The diets were shown to have different modes of action, inducing significant hyperammonaemia (HA) and growth retardation in the rats, with different metabolic consequences. The MCD diet resulted in the development of endogenous HA, with a decrease in bilirubin levels and an increase in hepatic fat content. In contrast, the MAD + 20% ammonium acetate diet increased circulating ALP and haptoglobin levels and decreased liver mass. The above results suggest that the MCD diet deteriorated the liver function of the rats, resulting in the development of endogenous HA, while the MAD diet caused moderate changes in liver metabolism, resulting in the development of exogenous HA. Interestingly, the commonly used oral treatments Lactulose and Rifaximin did not ameliorate hyperammonaemia during or after the treatment period. In conclusion, even though the diets used in the current study caused somewhat similar hyperammonaemia, they seemed to provoke different metabolic consequences. The latter can have an impact on the severity of the resulting hyperammonaemia and thus on the hyperammonaemia-induced encephalopathy, resulting in the development of distinguishing cognitive and metabolic (liver) effects compared to other forms of encephalopathy. We hypothesized that these rat models, with significantly increased serum ammonia levels, along with different liver injuries, could serve as a suitable double animal model for the testing of new, oral enzyme therapies for hepatic encephalopathy in future studies.
Probiotic, Paraprobiotic, and Postbiotic Activities of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KUNN19-2 Against Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Serovars
Authors: Li Songbo , Tantibhadrasapa Arishabhas , Buddhasiri Songphon , Boonpan Pattarapon , Sukjoi Chutikarn , Mongkolkarvin Panupon , Nakphaichit Massalin , Nitisinprasert Sunee , Thiennimitr Parameth
Published: February 2025

Non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica is a significant public health concern worldwide. Probiotics offer a potential alternative to antibiotics in many infectious diseases, including NTS. However, using living bacteria raises safety concerns in clinical settings, especially in the immunocompromised host. This study compared the anti-Salmonella and immunomodulatory effects between viable (probiotics) and heat-killed (paraprobiotics) lactic acid bacteria Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KUNN19-2 (KUNN19-2), isolated from Thai-style fermented pork (Nham), against several strains of MDR Salmonella. Only viable KUNN19-2 and its cell-free supernatant directly inhibited Salmonella growth by spot-on lawn and agar well diffusion assays. A significant reduction in Salmonella numbers in the co-culture assay with viable KUNN19-2 was observed at 12–14 h after the incubation. Viable and heat-killed KUNN19-2 exhibited moderate adhesion to human colonic epithelium (T84) cells. Pretreatment with either form of KUNN19-2 enhanced macrophage (RAW264.7) phagocytic activity against Salmonella and upregulated pro-inflammatory genes (Mip-2 and Nos2) and anti-inflammatory gene (IL10) expression, with viable KUNN19-2 showing a more potent effect. Collectively, viable KUNN19-2 can directly inhibit Salmonella growth. However, viable and heat-killed KUNN19-2 can modulate gut immunity against Salmonella infection, suggesting that paraprobiotic KUNN19-2 may serve as an alternative treatment against MDR Salmonella through host immune modulation.
Cell Migration in Endometriosis Responds to Omentum-Derived Molecular Cues Similar to Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Goh Kah Yee , Tham Su Chin , Cheng Terence You De , Nadarajah Ravichandran , Goh Ronald Chin Hong , Wong Shing Lih , Ho Tew Hong , Chew Ghee Kheng , Tan Andy Wei Keat , Rajesh Hemashree , Chua Hong Liang , Yong Tze Tein , Yu Su Ling , Kang Jia Min , Lau Kah Weng , Tay Amos Zhi En , Mantoo Sangeeta , Busmanis Inny , Chew Sung Hock , Lim Timothy Yong Kuei , Wong Wai Loong , Ng Qiu Ju , Wang Junjie , Tay Sun Kuie , Cheok Chit Fang , Lim Darren Wan-Teck , Lim Elaine Hsuen
Published: February 2025

Endometriosis is common and poses significant morbidity of lasting impact to young, pre-menopausal women, while ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecologic condition. Both conditions need better treatment. The human omentum is an apron of adipose tissue in the abdominopelvic cavity, the same space in which endometriosis and ovarian cancer manifest. We aim to determine molecular cues emitted by the omentum that aid the trans-coelomic spread of endometriosis and ovarian cancer in the abdomen–pelvic/peritoneal space. Endometriosis and ovarian cancer patients were prospectively recruited. Primary cell cultures of surgically-resected omentum, endometriosis and ovarian cancer were generated, and conditioned media (CM) from the omentum was derived. They were used for in vitro assays to evaluate the effect of the omentum on cell migration, angiogenesis and proliferation in endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Omental CM promoted cell migration in primary cultures of endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Omental CM contained high levels of HGF, SDF-1a, MCP-1, VEGF-A, IL-6 and IL-8. The observed cell migration was blocked by c-MET inhibition, suggesting that HGF/c-MET signaling mediates cell migration in endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Furthermore, PTTG1 was consistently upregulated in the migrated cells in both endometriosis and ovarian cancer. The omentum provides a favorable environment for trans-coelomic spread of endometriosis and ovarian cancer. HGF, c-MET and PTTG1 are potential therapeutic targets for inhibiting the abdomen–pelvic/peritoneal spread of endometriosis and ovarian cancer.
Rubia akane Nakai Fruit Extract Improves Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Park Juhye , Lee Eunbi , Nam Ju-Ock
Published: February 2025

A rise in obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred the development of safe and effective natural anti-obesity agents. In this study, we propose Rubia akane Nakai fruit extract (RFE) as a potential natural product-based anti-obesity agent. R. akane Nakai is a plant of the Rubiaceae family that grows throughout Republic of Korea. Its roots have long been used medicinally and are known for various bioactivities, but the fruit’s bioactivities are unexplored. We investigated the anti-obesity effects of RFE using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, RFE inhibited adipogenic differentiation and lipogenesis by downregulating PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ), C/EBPα (CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α), and SREBP-1 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1) through AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation and by delaying the initiation of MCE (mitotic clonal expansion), which is essential for early adipogenesis. At the in vivo level, RFE improved the phenotypes of obesity and insulin resistance. In white adipose tissue, RFE not only suppressed adipogenic differentiation and lipogenesis through AMPK activation but also improved insulin sensitivity by upregulating basal GLUT4 (glucose transporter type 4) expression. Therefore, this study advances RFE as a potential natural treatment for obesity and insulin resistance.
Regional Variability in Growth and Leaf Functional Traits of Mitragyna speciosa in Thailand
Authors: Chongdi Suthaporn , Uthairatsamee Suwimon , Ngernsaengsaruay Chatchai , Andriyas Tushar , Leksungnoen Nisa
Published: February 2025

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil.) is a tropical evergreen species native to Southeast Asia, widely recognized for its medicinal properties. Recent legal changes in Thailand permitting its cultivation and commercial use have increased interest in understanding the optimal conditions for its growth, particularly in regions beyond its native southern habitat. This study examined the leaf functional traits associated with kratom’s growth in the southern (native habitat), central, and northeastern regions of Thailand. Species adaptation was determined by analyzing variations in leaf functional traits across different environments. The results showed that the specific leaf area (SLA), leaf thickness, chlorophyll content (SPAD), and stomatal density (SD) did not exhibit any significant regional variations. However, the leaf pH, performance index (PI), and quantum yield (Fv/Fm) differed significantly across regions. The northeastern region had higher leaf pH and lower photosynthetic efficiency compared to the southern and central regions. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination indicated that environmental factors such as elevation, light intensity, temperature, and soil water content significantly influenced leaf trait variability in the northeastern region. These findings demonstrate kratom’s ability to grow under diverse environmental conditions, potentially indicative of cultivation beyond its native range.
Incidence of Spontaneous Abortions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Regional County Hospital in Romania: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Burlacu Diana , Burlacu Agnes , Ladanyi Emmanuel , Szabo Bela , Mezei Tibor
Published: February 2025

Background: The first trimester of pregnancy is known for its proinflammatory state, so it is considered a challenging period due to increased maternal vulnerability to viral infections. The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate the incidence trend of early miscarriages and whether there was any possible influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in which we included all pregnant women who had been admitted to our hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. Our aim was to compare the percentage of early miscarriages occurring in the pre-pandemic period (January 2018–February 2020) and during the pandemic (March 2020–December 2022). We decided to measure the total number and percentage of early pregnancy outcomes, including all viable pregnancies, ectopic pregnancies, and both medical and spontaneous abortions. Results: The annual incidence of registry-identified early miscarriages declined from 5.4% of 12–46-year-old women in 2018 to 3.6% in 2022 (p = 0.008). An overall incidence rate of 3.66% [95% C.I. 3.26–4.05] was calculated, with 4.25% [95% C.I. 3.35–4.41] in the pre-pandemic period and 3.24% [95% C.I. 2.82–3.57] during the pandemic. The highest incidence rate (p < 0.0001) was identified among nulliparous women (36.9%). Conclusions: To conclude, this study proved that the increase in the early miscarriage incidence rate could be assigned to an advanced maternal age, irrespective of one’s reproductive history. This study proved that no significant increase in the incidence rate of early miscarriage during the COVID-19 pandemic was noted, suggesting that this viral infection does not alter the risk of miscarriages. We hope that these findings help women deal with emotional stress and offer them reassurance about bearing children during pandemic periods.
Perioperative Anxiety: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Bello Corina Manuela , Eisler Patryk , Heidegger Thomas
Published: February 2025

Perioperative anxiety is a multifaceted phenomenon that significantly impacts patients undergoing surgical procedures. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and anesthetic management, the psychological burden associated with anesthesia and surgery remains a significant challenge for healthcare providers. Up to 30% of patients suffer from anesthesia-related preoperative anxiety, irrespective of whether the procedure is elective or emergent. Notably, anxiety can adversely affect patient outcomes, including pain management, patient safety, overall quality of care, and patient satisfaction. Addressing perioperative anxiety requires a comprehensive understanding of its causes, assessment tools, and management strategies to ensure optimal perioperative care. This review examines the historical context, incidence, causes, pathophysiology, assessment tools, and current evidence regarding management strategies for anesthesia-related anxiety, and provides an outlook on future directions for research and everyday practice.
Uterine Tumors Resembling Ovarian Sex-Cord Tumors (UTROSCTs): Case Report and Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Stabile Guglielmo , Vona Laura , Pedicillo Maria Carmela , Antonucci Elisabetta , Arrigo Davide , D’Indinosante Marco , Bruno Matteo , Stampalija Tamara , Nappi Luigi
Published: February 2025

Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex-cord tumors (UTROSCTs) are among the rarest types of uterine tumors. Diagnosis of a UTROSCT is often challenging. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound and MRI are limited in distinguishing UTROSCTs as their appearance is usually suggestive of uterine leiomyoma or adenomyosis. Additionally, the value of a preoperative biopsy remains uncertain due to the heterogeneous composition of the tumor and the inadequacy of limited samplings. We present a rare case of UTROSCT in a 59-year-old woman and we have performed a narrative review of the literature on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from 2000 to June 2024, identifying 133 cases. According to our review, at histological exam UTROSCTs are mainly composed of cells resembling ovarian sex-cord elements which are arranged in cords or trabeculae, typically with a mild cytologic atypia. The most expressed sex-cord differentiation markers include inhibin, calretinin, melan A, CD56, CD99, SF1, WT1, CD10, and FOXL2. For women who have completed their reproductive plans, a total hysterectomy with adnexectomy is an adequate treatment for tumors confined to the uterus. For younger patients who wish to preserve fertility, tumorectomy via hysteroscopy or laparoscopy is the preferred treatment option and the recurrence rates range from 5% to 30%. Treatments for recurrent disease include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, often used in combination. Advancements in molecular profiling and immunohistochemistry will improve our ability to diagnose and manage this tumor. Such investigations will enhance prognostic stratification, facilitating more accurate predictions of biological behavior and recurrence risk.
Multi-Directional Crosswalk of the Harris Hip Score and the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score
Authors: Cho Chan Hee , Costi Kerry , Sharma Deepti , Thewlis Dominic , Solomon Lucian B. , Callary Stuart A.
Published: February 2025

Background: Despite the popularity of the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) to monitor patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) over the last 5 decades, International Joint Registries have recently favoured the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS). The ability to convert mHHS collected in historical and ongoing studies would be beneficial to benchmark more recent HOOS reports. Hence, this study aimed to create multi-directional crosswalks between mHHS and HOOS. Methods: Forty-nine patients undergoing primary THA prospectively completed both HHS and HOOS forms pre-operatively and at either 3, 6 and/or 12 months postoperatively. The Equipercentile (EQ) and Linear Regression (LR) crosswalk methodology were used. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of the crosswalk-derived scores was established against patient-derived (PD) scores. Results: There was a strong correlation between PD mHHS and HOOS (0.90) and HOOS-12 (0.90). The MAE of mHHS-to-HOOS-12 crosswalk was 10.4 (EQ) and 10.1 (LR). Subcategory activity had a larger contribution towards the error in the crosswalks than pain. Conclusions: This is the first crosswalk to facilitate conversion of mHHS and HOOS scores, which are required in long-term THA quality-assurance and research studies, which often span 2 decades of expected implant survivorship.
Biosynthesis of a Novel Diketopiperazine Aspkyncin Incorporating a Kynurenine Unit from Aspergillus aculeatus
Authors: Kong Dekun , Wang Xin , Liu Li
Published: February 2025

The simplest cyclo-peptides, also known as diketopiperazines (DKPs), are widespread in nature. The growing interest in these simplest cyclo-peptides is driven by their significant potential for therapeutic applications. In this study, we identified a biosynthetic gene cluster from Aspergillus aculeatus CRI323-04 through genome mining and heterologous expression in Aspergillus nidulans. The two core genes, aacA and aacB, within the gene cluster were characterized for their role in the biossoynthesis of aspkyncin, a novel DKP compound that incorporates a l-kynurenine (l-Kyn) unit. Furthermore, we successfully reconstituted the activities of the minimal bimodular non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) AacA and the methyltransferase AacB both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that AacA catalyzes the condensation and cyclization of two non-proteinogenic amino acids, l-Kyn and N-methyl-l-alanine, to produce aspkyncin without the involvement of any release domain. Notably, the N-methyl-l-alanine is generated by a specialized l-alanine N-methyltransferase AacB prior to NRP assembly. This study reveals an unconventional pathway for the biosynthesis of fungal DKPs.
Identification of Ecological Functional Areas and Scenario Simulation Analysis of the Wanjiang Urban Belt from a Trade-Off/Synergy Perspective
Authors: Wang Yuchun , Ang Yufeng , Zhang Yingying , Ruan Yunfeng , Wang Bingyi
Published: February 2025

Identifying ecological functional areas by clarifying the trade-off synergies of multiple ecosystem services to meet the practical needs of coordinating different ecosystem services in a specific region is highly important. Based on InVEST, RUSLE and other models, this study analyzed the tradeoff synergies of five typical ecosystem services in the Wanjiang Urban Belt from 1990 to 2020 using Pearson correlation analysis, and self-organizing map (SOM) carried out ecological functional zoning. The PLUS model was used to simulate the evolution of ecological functional zones in 2030. The results revealed that (1) from 1990 to 2020, water yield (WY), soil reservation (SR), and food production (FP) services in Wanjiang Urban Belt increased, whereas carbon storage (CS) and habitat quality (HQ) services decreased. The value of ecosystem services showed a pattern of “high in the south and low in the north”. (2) WY–SR, WY–HQ, HQ–CS, and HQ–SR were synergistic, and the synergistic relationship showed a weakening trend. There were trade-offs in WY–CS, WY–FP, and SR–FP, and the trade-off effects increased with time. (3) The study area was divided into an ecological transition area, an ecological conservation area, an urban development area, an ecological restoration area, an agroecological area, and a water conservation area, and the functions and structures of each cluster significantly differed. (4) Under the natural development scenario, the scales of the ecological transition, ecological conservation, and agroecological areas increased. Under the cropland protection scenario, the urban development and ecological conservation areas began to transform into agroecological areas. Under the urban development scenario, the transfer of areas from ecological conservation, ecological restoration, and agroecological areas to urban development areas increased. In conclusion, the ecosystem services of the Wanjiang Urban Belt are dominated by synergistic effects, but there is a potential risk of shifting to trade-off relationships. In the future, targeted regional ecosystem optimization measures according to the evolution status of each ecological functional zone are urgently needed to provide references for territorial space management and control in this region.
The Influence of Wool Pellet Application on Alleviating Salt-Induced Stress in Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Nohutçu Lütfi
Published: February 2025

Soil salinity is a pervasive challenge in agricultural regions, significantly impacting plant growth and productivity. Addressing the adverse implications of soil salinization and capitalizing on organic waste resources has the potential to yield substantial advancements in the agricultural sector. This study examined the influence of varying levels of wool pellets (0, 1%, 2%, and 4%) and salt (0, 25, 50, and 100 mM) on the physiological and biochemical properties of soybean (Glycine max L.). The findings revealed that compared to the control group, at a 4% application rate, plant length decreased by 20%, while stem dry weight, root length and weight showed no significant differences up to a 2% application. Compared to the control treatment, the 4% application rate resulted in an increase of 6% in leaf temperature, 55% in NBI, 12% in chlorophyll content, and 10% in MDA activity. Conversely, the TAA, TPC, and carotenoid content decreased by 55%, 51%, and 81%, respectively. Salt applications led to reductions in most studied morphological parameters, except for root properties. Compared to the control, plant length, stem fresh weight, and stem dry weight decreased by 14%, 22%, and 14%, respectively, while root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight increased by 18%, 33%, and 50%, respectively.
Study on the Recovery of Rubidium from Lepidolite Slag by Sulfuric Acid Leaching
Authors: Zhong Yuncheng , Peng Xuebin , Yang Mingliang , Liu Xuefeng , Wang Shichao , Qu Tao
Published: February 2025

The lepidolite slag from Jiangxi contains 0.51% rubidium. Utilizing lepidolite slag in cement production does not enable the efficient recovery of the rubidium it contains. This study investigates the feasibility of extracting rubidium from lepidolite slag through sulfuric acid leaching. The research method involved initially conducting single-factor experiments, followed by the application of response surface methodology to determine the optimal conditions. The optimization results revealed that the leaching rate of rubidium could reach 86.26% under the following conditions: a temperature of 85 °C, a rotational speed of 480 r/min, a sulfuric acid concentration of 3.53 mol/L, a duration of 91.64 min, and a liquid–solid ratio of 5.86. The experimental results closely matched the model’s predicted value of 86.32%. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the response surface methodology in modeling the rubidium leaching process and provide a reference for the recycling of rubidium from lepidolite slag.
Micheliolide Alleviates Hepatic Fibrosis by Inhibiting Autophagy in Hepatic Stellate Cells via the TrxR1/2-Mediated ROS/MEK/ERK Pathway
Authors: Liu Yi , Yao Ling , Liu Yuanyuan , Yang Yunheng , Liang Ailing , He Honglin , Lei Yao , Cao Wenfu , Chen Zhiwei
Published: February 2025

Background: Hepatic fibrosis is a major global health issue without an optimal drug treatment, highlighting the urgent need to find effective therapies. This study aimed to clarify the role and mechanism of micheliolide in treating hepatic fibrosis. Methods: The efficacy of MCL was evaluated in a mouse model of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis. LX-2 cells were subjected to MCL treatment, and subsequent changes in fibrosis markers, autophagy, and the MEK/ERK pathway were analyzed using transcriptomics and Western blotting. The interaction between MCL and TrxR1 or TrxR2 were validated using cellular thermal shift assays (CETSA) and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assays. Results: Our findings indicated that MCL significantly alleviated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis, improved liver function, and downregulated the expression of fibrosis markers. Additionally, MCL significantly inhibited LX-2 cell activation by suppressing cell proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and autophagy, while activating the MEK/ERK pathway. Moreover, MCL elevated intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and altered mitochondrial morphology. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated MCL-induced MEK/ERK pathway activation and increased collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and fibronectin (FN) expression. Further analysis confirmed that MCL directly interacts with TrxR1 and TrxR2, leading to the inhibition of their enzymatic activities and the induction of ROS generation. Ultimately, MCL attenuated the fibrotic process and autophagic flux in LX-2 cells. Conclusions: The findings of our study confirmed that MCL has the potential to alleviate hepatic fibrosis, thereby introducing a novel candidate drug and therapeutic strategy for management of this condition.
Unravelling the Chloroplast Genome of the Kazakh Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Through MinION Long-Read Sequencing
Authors: Akzhunis Imanbayeva , Dinara Zharassova , Nurzhaugan Duisenova , Aidyn Orazov , Nazerke Tolep , Gulmira Tlepiyeva
Published: February 2025

The study of the genetic diversity and adaptation mechanisms of the Kazakh apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is essential for breeding programs and the conservation of plant genetic resources in arid environments. Despite this species’ ecological and agricultural significance, its chloroplast genome remains poorly studied due to its complex repetitive structure and secondary metabolites that hinder high-molecular-weight DNA (HMW-DNA) extraction and long-read sequencing. To address this gap, our study aims to develop and optimise sequencing protocols for P. armeniaca under arid conditions using Oxford Nanopore’s MinION technology. We successfully extracted HMW-DNA with 50–100 ng/μL concentrations and purity (A260/A280) between 1.8 and 2.0, ensuring high sequencing quality. A total of 10 GB of sequencing data was generated, comprising 155,046 reads, of which 74,733 (48.2%) had a Q-score ≥ 8. The average read length was 1679 bp, with a maximum of 31,144 bp. Chloroplast genome assembly resulted in 33,000 contigs with a total length of 1.1 Gb and a BUSCO completeness score of 97.3%. Functional annotation revealed key genes (nalC, AcrE, and mecC-type BlaZ) associated with stress tolerance and a substantial proportion (≈40%) of hypothetical proteins requiring further investigation. GC content analysis (40.25%) and GC skew data suggest the presence of specific regulatory elements linked to environmental adaptation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using third-generation sequencing technologies to analyse complex plant genomes and highlights the genetic resilience of P. armeniaca to extreme conditions. The findings provide a foundation for breeding programs to improve drought tolerance and conservation strategies to protect Kazakhstan’s unique arid ecosystems.
Proposal of a Modular Classification System for Direct Dental Resin Composites Based on Clinical Applications
Authors: Francois Philippe , Izart Mathieu , Fasham Timothy , Smail Yasmine , Jannot Marie , Le Goff Stéphane , Beres Fleur , Troizier-Cheyne Max , Bergman Sara , Moussally Christian , Abdel-Gawad Sarah , Dursun Elisabeth , Ceinos Romain , Caussin Elisa , Attal Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2025

The adhesive–resin composite pair has been the cornerstone of direct restorations in dentistry for many years. Resin composites are traditionally classified in three ways based on their inorganic structure, their organic composition and their viscosity. While these classifications have long been associated with the optical, mechanical, and clinical properties of resin composites, recent studies indicate that this classification is not always valid. In recent years, a significant expansion of the range of clinical resin composite families has occurred, each with varying degrees of validation through in vitro and clinical studies. As a result, new resin composites with distinct structures, viscosities, and clinical indications have emerged. Despite this progress, a formal classification of the clinical features of all resin composites is still lacking, leading to terminological inconsistencies in research and potential confusion among clinicians. This brief review, supported by an exhaustive search of the dental literature, proposes a new clinical classification system for resin composites based on their key clinical features to help clinicians and researchers easily identify the key clinical characteristics of formulations. This modular classification, encompassing eight main families and 14 characteristics, is particularly suited to future developments, as current trends aim to simplify procedures by integrating multiple formulations into single products.
Tailoring Thermomechanical, Shape Memory and Self-Healing Properties of Furan-Based Polyketone via Diels-Alder Chemistry with Different Bismaleimide Crosslinkers
Authors: Araya-Hermosilla Esteban , Carlotti Marco , Orozco Felipe , Lima Guilherme Macedo R. , Araya-Hermosilla Rodrigo , Ortega Daniela E. , Cortés-Arriagada Diego , Picchioni Francesco , Bose Ranjita K. , Mattoli Virgilio , Pucci Andrea
Published: February 2025

Furan/maleimide dynamic covalent chemistry has been extensively used to fabricate re-workable and self-healing thermosets. Understanding the relationship between crosslinker structure, network dynamics, and material final properties, however, remains a challenge. This study introduces self-healing and shape-memory thermosets derived from furan-functionalized polyketones (PKFU) crosslinked with aromatic bis-maleimides, i.e., 1,1′-(methylenedi-4,1-phenylene)bis-maleimide (BISM1) and bis(3-ethyl-5-methyl-4-maleimidophenyl)methane (BISM2), via a thermally reversible Diels-Alder reaction. Polyketones were chemically modified with furfurylamine through the Paal-Knorr reaction, achieving varying furan grafting ratios. The resulting networks, characterized by ATR-FTIR, 1H-NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and rheology, demonstrated tunable thermomechanical properties. BISM2-based thermosets exhibited enhanced thermal stability and reversibility over a broad temperature range (20–120 °C), with a shape recovery ratio of up to 89% and complete self-healing at 120 °C within 5 min. These findings highlight the potential of polyketone-based thermosets for applications requiring adaptive thermomechanical properties, efficient self-repair, and sustainability.
Diffusion and Percolation: How COVID-19 Spread Through Populations
Authors: Harris Jeffrey E.
Published: February 2025

I rely on the key concepts of diffusion and percolation to characterize the sequential but overlapping phases of the spread of infection through entire populations during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from Los Angeles County demonstrate an extended initial diffusion phase propelled by radial geographic spread, followed by percolation within hotspots fueled by the presence of multigenerational households. Data from New York City, by contrast, reveal rapid initial diffusion along a unique, extensive subway network. Subsequent percolation within multiple hotspots, similarly powered by a high density of multigenerational households, exerted a positive feedback effect that further enhanced diffusion. Data from Florida counties support the generality of the phenomenon of viral transmission from more mobile, younger individuals to less mobile, older individuals. Data from the South Brooklyn hotspot reveal the limitations of some forms of government regulation in controlling mobility patterns that were critical to the continued percolation of the viral infection. Data from a COVID-19 outbreak at the University of Wisconsin—Madison demonstrate the critical role of a cluster of off-campus bars as an attractor for the continued percolation of infection. The evidence also demonstrates the efficacy of quarantine as a control strategy when the hotspot is contained and well identified.
Magnesium–Air Batteries: Manufacturing, Processing, Performance, and Applications
Authors: Antony Jose Subin , Doering Evan , Klein Noah , Mena Edgar Ignacio , Owens Chase , Pronk Slade , Menezes Pradeep L.
Published: February 2025

Magnesium–air (Mg–Air) batteries are emerging as a sustainable and high-energy-density solution to address the increasing global energy demands, utilizing abundant and environmentally friendly materials. This review paper examines their fundamental electrochemical mechanisms, focusing on magnesium anodes, cathode design, and electrolyte formulations. While discussing key advancements in manufacturing techniques that enhance scalability and performance, this article underscores the wide range of potential applications of Mg–Air batteries, including portable electronics, electric transportation, and off-grid energy systems. Despite persistent challenges such as anode passivation and limited rechargeability, significant progress in material engineering and process optimization is accelerating their pathway to commercialization. These developments highlight the synergy between material science and sustainable manufacturing, positioning Mg–air batteries as a promising solution for next-generation energy storage technologies.
Transforming Biomass Waste into Hydrochars and Porous Activated Carbon: A Characterization Study
Authors: Suhas  , Chaudhary Monika , Chaudhary Shubham , Chaubey Shivangi , da Paixão Cansado Isabel Pestana , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi , Tyagi Inderjeet , Gaur Rama
Published: February 2025

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an environmentally friendly process for transforming biomass into sustainable hydrochar, which is a carbon-rich material with a variety of potential applications. Herein, Tectona grandis seeds (TGs) were transformed into hydrochars using HTC at low temperatures (180–250 °C) and autogenous pressure. The prepared hydrochars were rich in oxygenated functional groups. The optimized hydrochar, HC-230-4 (prepared at 230 °C, for 4 h), presented a ratio of H/C = 0.95 and O/C = 0.29, an improved degree of coalification, and a high heating value (26.53 MJ kg−1), which can replace bituminous coals in the power sector. The prepared hydrochar was further activated in the presence of CO2 to prepare activated carbon (AC). XRD, TGA, FTIR, FE-SEM, and BET techniques were used to characterize raw biomass (TGs), hydrochar, and ACs, to identify the potential applications for the developed materials. BET studies revealed that the hydrochar has limited porosity, with a low surface area (14.41 m2g−1) and porous volume. On the other hand, the derived AC (AC-850-5) has a high surface area (729.70 m2g−1) and appreciable total and microporous volumes (0.392 cm3g−1 and 0.286 cm3g−1). The use of biomass, mainly waste biomass, for the production of carbon-rich materials is an effective strategy for managing and valorizing waste biomass resources, reducing environmental pollution, and improving sustainability, being in line with the principles of circularity.
Impact of Aging and Visual Input on Postural Stability in Dogs: Insights from Center-of-Pressure Analysis
Authors: Lutonsky Christiane , Peham Christian , Affenzeller Nadja , Aghapour Masoud , Wegscheider Julia , Tichy Alexander , Bockstahler Barbara
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of visual input and aging on postural stability (PS) in dogs by analyzing center-of-pressure (COP) parameters during static posturography under sighted (EO) and blindfolded (EC) conditions. Twenty adult (<50% of fractional lifespan) and 20 senior (>75% of fractional lifespan) dogs, free from orthopedic, neurological, or visual impairments, were assessed using a pressure measurement plate. While no significant differences were found between adult and senior dogs under standard EO conditions, blindfolding revealed age-related disparities. Senior dogs exhibited significantly higher craniocaudal displacement and support surface values compared to adult dogs, indicating a greater reliance on visual input for sagittal stability. Conversely, adult dogs exhibited a reduction in postural sway during EC conditions, indicating an adaptive shift toward greater reliance on somatosensory input. These findings highlight diminished sensory integration and adaptability in senior dogs, correlating with aging-related declines in proprioception and sensory processing. This research underscores the critical role of vision in canine PS, particularly in older individuals, and emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, such as balance training, to enhance sensory integration and mitigate fall risk in aging dogs. Future studies should explore dynamic and multimodal challenges to further elucidate compensatory mechanisms.
Accurate Localization Method Combining Optimized Hybrid Neural Networks for Geomagnetic Localization with Multi-Feature Dead Reckoning
Authors: Yan Suqing , Luo Baihui , Sun Xiyan , Xiao Jianming , Ji Yuanfa , Ghazali Kamarul Hawari bin
Published: February 2025

Location-based services provide significant economic and social benefits. The ubiquity, low cost, and accessibility of geomagnetism are highly advantageous for localization. However, the existing geomagnetic localization methods suffer from location ambiguity. To address these issues, we propose a fusion localization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization. First, we construct a five-dimensional hybrid LSTM (5DHLSTM) neural network model, and the 5DHLSTM network structure parameters are optimized via particle swarm optimization (PSO) to achieve geomagnetic localization. The eight-dimensional BiLSTM (8DBiLSTM) algorithm is subsequently proposed for heading estimation in dead reckoning, which effectively improves the heading accuracy. Finally, fusion localization is achieved by combining geomagnetic localization with an improved pedestrian dead reckoning (IPDR) based on an extended Kalman filter (EKF). To validate the localization performance of the proposed PSO-5DHLSTM-IPDR method, several extended experiments using Xiaomi 10 and Hi Nova 9 are conducted in two different scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves localization accuracy and has good robustness and flexibility.
Effect of Vacuum Process on Enrichment of Low-Concentration Coal Mine Methane by Adsorption
Authors: Kang Yuanyuan , Liu Yingshu , Liu Wenhai , Li Ye , Sun Ningqi , Zhang Quanli , Li Ziyi , Yang Xiong
Published: February 2025

The massive emission of low-concentration coal mine methane (CMM) has resulted in the ineffective utilization of a large amount of energy methane and caused environmental pollution. The gas mixture used in the study consisted of methane (CH4) 12% and nitrogen (N2) 88%. The adsorbent was coconut activated carbon. This paper uses the adsorption method to conduct enrichment research on 12% low-concentration CMM. Firstly, the variation in methane gas concentration under different desorption methods was studied by numerical simulation, and the desorption methods suitable for increasing methane concentration were analyzed. A three-bed VPSA CMM separation experimental device was built, and three enrichment processes of feed gas pressurization, exhaust gas pressurization, and vacuum exhaust (VE) were studied. The results show that using the three-bed vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) process can effectively enrich low-concentration CMM. Under the adsorption pressure of 110 kPa and the desorption pressure of 10 kPa, 12% of CMM can be enriched to more than 25%, with a recovery rate higher than 80%. The exhaust process can significantly increase the product gas concentration. The product gas concentration increased by 18.2%, with the product rising from 22.5% to 26.6% when the extraction step increased from 0 s to 8 s. This research may provide reliable fundamental data for industrial-scale low-concentration CMM enrichment.
Preventing Sexual Harassment in Nordic Working Life: Contesting Concepts and Reimagining Research
Authors: Bondestam Fredrik , Simonsson Angelica
Published: February 2025

Gender-based violence and sexual harassment in the Nordic labor market prevails, despite decades of preventive work. The #Metoo movement has clearly challenged past and current notions of the Nordic countries as gender equal welfare states, but it also pointed at the inability of policy to overcome its own prerequisites. In this study, we analyze past research on sexual harassment in Nordic working life, especially targeting theoretical, methodological, and practical results and challenges. By taking this systematic Nordic research review as a point of departure, we also develop a framework to analyze and transgress existing boundaries of policy and research in several ways. By reimagining research practices, as well as neoliberal management protocols for prevention, we elaborate on ways forward through several analytical steps. Finally, we envisage a need to overcome an immanent paradox when performing social research, pointing towards a vision of critical research moving beyond contemporary research politics and policy.
The Role of Social and Environmental CSR in Shaping Purchase Intentions: Experimental Evidence from the Cosmetics Market
Authors: Zaborek Piotr , Kurzak Mabrouk Anna
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on consumer purchasing decisions in the cosmetics market through an experimental design. Using eight scenarios that manipulate levels of social CSR, environmental CSR, and price, this study examined their direct effects and interactions, and the moderating influences of intrinsic and extrinsic motives. The findings confirmed that social and environmental CSR positively influence purchase intentions, with their combined effect being stronger than individual contributions. Price negatively moderates the impact of environmental CSR, particularly at higher levels, while intrinsic motives interact positively with environmental CSR to offset the negative association from its main effect. This research provides actionable insights into CSR’s role in shaping consumer behavior, emphasizing the interplay between CSR dimensions, price sensitivity, and motivational factors in the dynamic cosmetics market.
Business Environment Optimization, Digital Transformation, and Enterprises’ Green Innovation
Authors: Dai Jun , Xiao Qianyuan
Published: February 2025

The optimization of the business environment makes regional economic development more dynamic. Whether this can be used as an influencing factor to promote the green innovation of enterprises is worthy of attention. Based on the concept of digitalization and green collaborative transformation, combined with the panel data of A-share listed companies in China’s capital market from 2016 to 2020 and the corresponding business environment index of each province, this paper empirically tests the impact of business environment optimization on enterprises’ green innovation and its channel mechanism by using a two-way fixed-utility model. The findings are as follows: Firstly, business environment optimization has a significant positive impact on enterprises’ green innovations, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of endogenous and robustness tests. Secondly, business environment optimization can foster conditions conductive to green innovation by promoting enterprises’ digital transformation. Through empirical tests, a chain-channel mechanism is identified whereby business environments can promote enterprises’ green innovation via digital transformation, innovation ability, and a willingness to pursue environmental management. Finally, further analysis reveals significant heterogeneity in the positive impact of business environment optimization on green innovation, with a more pronounced positive impact in state-owned enterprises, high-tech enterprises, and low-polluting enterprises. The research findings of this paper provide a specific reference and basis for the Chinese government to further optimize the business environment and effectively promote the green innovation of enterprises.
Production of Soft Magnetic Materials Fe-Si and Fe-Si-Al from Blends of Red Muds and Several Additives: Resources for Advanced Electrical Devices
Authors: Khanna Rita , Konyukhov Yuri , Zinoveev Dmitri , Li Kejiang , Maslennikov Nikita , Burmistrov Igor , Kargin Jumat , Kravchenko Maksim , Mukherjee Partha Sarathy
Published: February 2025

The present study developed a novel approach for transforming red mud (RM) into soft magnetic materials (SMMs) for applications in advanced electrical devices in the form of Fe-Si and Fe-Si-Al alloys. A total of ten blends were prepared based on two RMs, three iron oxide additives (Fe2O3, black and red mill scales), alumina and carbonaceous reductants in a range of proportions. Carbothermic reduction of the blends was carried out in a vertical Tamman resistance furnace at 1600–1650 °C for 30 min in an argon atmosphere; synthetic graphite was used as a reductant. Reaction products were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Significant amounts of Fe-rich metallic droplets/regions of different grain sizes (0.5 to 500 μm) were produced in these studies. The formation of Fe-Si alloys with Si contents from 3.9 to 6.7 wt.% was achieved in 8 out of 10 blends; the optimal levels of Si for SMMs ranged from 3.2 to 6.5 wt.%. There was clear evidence for the formation of Fe-Si-Al (up to 1.8 wt.% Al) alloys in 4 out of 10 blends. In addition to lowering operating challenges associated with RM processing, blending of RMs with iron oxide additives and alumina presents a novel recycling approach for converting RMs into valuable SMMs for possible emerging applications in renewable energy, storage, electrical vehicles and other fields. Along with reducing RM stockpiles across the globe, this approach is expected to improve resource efficiency, mitigating environmental impacts while generating economic benefits.
Does Air Pollution Aggravate Health Problems in Low-Income Countries? Verification from Countries Along the Belt and Road
Authors: Xu Xiaocang , Zhong Yanglin , Cai Shuangshuang , Lei Lei , Peng Jian
Published: February 2025

Goal 8 of the Sustainable Development Goals aims to promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth. However, most of the countries along the Belt and Road are low-income countries in the initial stages of industrialization, which are also facing serious air pollution and health problems while promoting economic growth. This is also a fact that both China and its partner countries along the Belt and Road need to take into account when it comes to economic cooperation between China and countries along the Belt and Road. This review selected 91 papers from academic databases such as CNKI, Web of Science and Sci-hub from 2013 to 2024 to analyze the impact of air pollution on health in countries along the Belt and Road and compared it with countries not along the Belt and Road. The paper makes the following findings: First, air pollution is very harmful to general health and has produced specific diseases related to lung function and children’s respiratory health in countries along the Belt and Road, similar to countries not along the Belt and Road. Second, mortality, mental health, and related health expenditures result from higher air pollution in Belt and Road countries more so than in non-Belt and Road countries. Therefore, when China conducts economic cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road, it should take the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) as the direction and fully consider local environmental pollution, social and economic issues, and health issues to ensure the long-term sustainable economic growth of the Belt and Road in the future.