bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Maternal and Clinician Perception of Communication in Autistic Toddlers
Authors: Stern Yael S. , Lee Jordan , Levy Rachel , Glickman Alana , Grauzer Jeffrey , Kaat Aaron J. , Roberts Megan Y.
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Parent instruction in communication facilitation strategies for autistic toddlers relies on assumptions that parents interpret child behaviors in alignment with clinician definitions of communication. The purpose of this study was to identify features of child behaviors that are predictive of alignment in identification of child communication between clinical researchers and mothers of young autistic children.

Method:

Participants were 33 mothers and their autistic children between 18 and 48 months of age. Mothers' and clinical researchers' perceptions of child communication were assessed using a procedure in which mothers and clinical researchers each independently identified child communication in the same ten 1-min video clips of each mother's child. Endorsed communicative acts were coded for the presence of conventional forms (e.g., vocalization) and potentially communicative forms (e.g., body movement). Multilevel binomial regressions, fit with Bayesian inference, were conducted to predict classification of maternal endorsements of child communication based on the presence of conventional and potentially communicative forms as either an aligned act (i.e., act endorsed by mother and clinical researcher as communicative) or a unique maternal endorsement (i.e., act endorsed by mother but not clinical researcher).

Results:

The presence of vocalization, verbalization, and gesture each significantly predicted increased likelihood of alignment; the presence of eye contact did not. Although repetitive and sensory behaviors significantly increased the likelihood of unique maternal endorsement, affect shifts and body movements each significantly reduced the likelihood of unique maternal endorsement, and hand activity was not significantly predictive of unique maternal endorsement.

Conclusions:

Misalignment in mothers' and clinical researchers' identification of communication may be in part due to mothers' endorsement of behavioral forms that are not traditionally classified as part of a child's communication repertoire. Findings emphasize the need to work toward designing communication interventions that consider the ways in which clinicians and parents of autistic children each bring their own interpretive frameworks to the early intervention experience.
Tongue Shape Complexity in Children With and Without Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Dokovova Marie , Sugden Ellie , Cartney Gemma , Schaeffler Sonja , Cleland Joanne
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

This study investigates the hypothesis that younger speakers and speakers with more severe speech sound disorders are more likely to use simpler (undifferentiated) tongue gestures due to difficulties with, or immaturity of, lingual motor control.

Method:

The hypothesis is tested using cross-sectional secondary data analysis of synchronous audio and high-speed ultrasound recordings from children with idiopathic speech sound disorders (
n
= 30, aged 5;0–12;11 [years;months]) and typically developing children (
n
= 29, aged 5;8–12;10), producing /a/, /t/, /ɹ/, /l/, /s/, and /ʃ/ in an intervocalic /aCa/ environment. Tongue shape complexity is measured using NINFL (Number of INFLections) and modified curvature index (MCI) from splines fitted to ultrasound images at the point of maximal lingual gesture. Age, perceived accuracy, and consonant are used as predictors.

Results:

The results suggest that as age increases, children with speech sound disorders have lower MCI compared to typically developing children. Increase in age also led to decrease of MCI for the typically developing group. In the group of children with speech sound disorders, perceptually incorrect /ɹ/ productions have lower MCI than correct productions, relative to /a/.

Conclusions:

There is some evidence of systematic tongue shape complexity differences between typically developing children and children with speech sound disorders when accounting for increase in age. Among children with speech sound disorders, increase in age and perceptually incorrect consonant realizations are associated with decreasing tongue shape complexity.
Examining Inclusion in Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Programs Through Minoritized Students' Advice to a Peer
Authors: Roberts Teresa M.
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Speech-language pathology graduate programs exist within societal structures with uneven distribution of social goods (i.e., tangible and intangible concepts of value). As programs strive to increase inclusion of minoritized students, minoritized students' advice to a peer provides insight into their access to social goods and their use of agency to meet their goals. This study examined minoritized students' peer advice to inform graduate programs.

Method:

Peer advice about inclusion was solicited from 104 minoritized students in speech-language pathology graduate programs across 28 states as part of a larger survey. One open-ended question specifically asked participants to offer advice to another minoritized student about inclusion in their speech-language pathology graduate program. Qualitative analysis of themes used manual in vivo coding with regular audit memos. Focused analysis on verbs within discourse was also used to determine how the themes related to social goods and student agency.

Results:

Analysis of themes revealed a graduate school environment where minoritized students could anticipate the loss of social goods (e.g., lack of information, devaluing of identities, and limited relationships). Students used both personal agency to mitigate these losses and collective agency to frame diversity as an asset for clinical practice while supporting each other through a shared understanding of lived experiences.

Conclusions:

Strategies that may help increase inclusion for minoritized students in speech-language pathology graduate programs are offered. Strategies address students' emotional well-being, education in the service of communities, peer relationships, and valuing diversity.
Considering spatiotemporal evolutionary information in dynamic multi‐objective optimisation
Authors: Fan Qinqin , Jiang Min , Huang Wentao , Jiang Qingchao
Published: June 2023

Preserving population diversity and providing knowledge, which are two core tasks in the dynamic multi‐objective optimisation (DMO), are challenging since the sampling space is time‐ and space‐varying. Therefore, the spatiotemporal property of evolutionary information needs to be considered in the DMO. In the present study, a sliding‐time‐window‐based population clustering method (SPC) is proposed to effectively solve dynamic multi‐objective optimisation problems (DMOPs). In the SPC, the knowledge is provided by saving historical data in the temporal dimension, and a spectral clustering method is used to divide the saved data into multiple neighbourhood subspaces for preserving population diversity in the spatial dimension. The SPC is incorporated into the RM‐MEDA and is compared with other recently proposed state‐of‐the‐art dynamic multi‐objective evolutionary algorithms (DMOEAs) on 14 DMOPs introduced in IEEE CEC2018. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of enhancing the tracking performance of the RM‐MEDA in the dynamically changing environments. Additionally, the SPC is utilised to solve an actual dynamic multi‐objective translation control problem of an immersed tunnel element. Results show that the proposed SPC outperforms the knee point‐based transfer learning method in terms of both computational cost and tracking performance.
Power user portrait model based on random forest
Authors: Yang Di , Ji Ming , Lv Yuntong , Li Mengyu , Gao Xuezhe
Published: June 2023

With the vigorous development of the energy Internet, all kinds of user information data are increasing day by day. How to comprehensively and deeply mine the effective information of users, develop a model to predict the behaviour characteristics of big data users, distinguish customer relationships, and provide an accurate basis for the next behaviour of users for various platforms have become one of the research hotspots of big data analysis of user behaviour. The data is sampled according to the feature vector of power user. The portrait mining of power user is conducted, and the user screening and analysis are conducted by using the measure of decision tree node purity in the model. The decision tree variable of the up–down stopping rule is generated. Then the results of the model and the Logistics model are tested and analysed, which can effectively predict the behaviour of power user. The proposed user strategy based on the characteristics of power consumption behaviour is analysed to verify the effectiveness of the scheme. The example shows that the model has a strong ability to distinguish and good stability than the traditional Logistics model, which can effectively predict the user's behaviour in advance, reduce user complaints, and help enterprises and users to form a long‐term mechanism of mutual benefit and reciprocity, which has a strong practical significance. This paper analyses the panorama of users through power big data technology and proposes a maturity model to evaluate the priority of users' electricity consumption. It emphasises the use of resources and methods provided in the power big data technology package to solve the practical problems of users' electricity consumption, and helps power companies to avoid market risks and improve service levels, which has strong practical significance.
A survey of conductive and radiated EMI reduction techniques in power electronics converters across wide‐bandgap devices
Authors: Li Chentao , Ma Qishuang , Tong Yajing , Wang Jinsong , Xu Ping
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, wide‐bandgap (WBG) devices, primarily made from silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), are widely applied in power generation, transmission, and conversion. Moreover, the application of WBG devices has had a transformative impact in the field of energy conversion. Compared with Si counterparts, SiC and GaN can remarkably improve the power conversion system efficiency and power density while generating higher electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions. There are many studies on WBG devices and their behaviour in power systems. However, methods of mitigating EMI/electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) still lack scientific guidance. This article reviews the characteristics of WBG devices, and the significant EMI problems are discussed. Then, the EMI types, EMI causes, and methods of EMI reduction are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are presented as well. Based on the reviewed studies, future research, and the conclusions of this article on EMI/EMC are discussed to help relevant researchers deepen their understanding of the new challenges of EMI brought by the applications of WBG devices, which are useful in engineering.
Spectral analogues of Barbarian asteroids among CO and CV chondrites
Authors: Mahlke M. , Eschrig J. , Carry B. , Bonal L. , Beck P.
Published: June 2023

Context. K- and L-type asteroids are considered to be the parent bodies of CV and CO chondrites. Spectral models of L-types invoke an enrichment in calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs) with respect to the chondrites in the meteorite collection. Barbarian asteroids are associated to L-type asteroids yet the relationship between these populations is still not clear.

Aims. We aim to investigate the link between the K- and L-type and Barbarian asteroids and the CV and CO chondrites by means of spectral matching of a large number of reflectance spectra of objects from either population. We seek to identify matches based on observed rather than modelled spectral features.

Methods. We employ a matching criterion that accounts for the residuals and the correlation of the spectral features. The only free parameter in the comparison is the degree of alteration of the asteroids with respect to the meteorites expressed via an exponential model. We derive an absolute scale of similarity between the spectra using laboratory data from irradiation experiments.

Results. CVOxA chondrites are the best match to the asteroids, in particular to K-type (7 out of 11 asteroids matched) and Barbarians (11 out of 16). CO chondrites provide convincing matches for K-types (5 out of 11) and Barbarians (7 out of 16) as well. A single non-Barbarian L-type is matched to a meteorite. Only a few asteroids are matched to CVOxB and CVRed chondrites.

Conclusions. Barbarian asteroids are represented among CO and CVOxA chondrites without requiring an enrichment of CAIs in the asteroids. Four candidate Barbarian asteroids are identified, three of which are classified as K-types. These asteroids are favourable targets for polarimetric observations. The discrepancy between L-type asteroids and CV and CO chondrites is likely related to the ambiguity of the asteroid class itself. An extension of the taxonomy to include polarimetric properties is required.
Study on purification method of micro-polluted groundwater
Authors: Hui Yang , Shihua Wang , Jianhua Wang
Published: June 2023

The infiltration of surface water makes the groundwater with only iron, manganese and heavy metal elements exceeding the standard be invaded by ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and organic matter, forming compound pollution groundwater, which has attracted extensive attention of scholars at home and abroad. This paper introduces the source and harm of micro-pollutants in groundwater, and expounds the research progress of biological method, adsorption method and contact oxidation method to treat micro-polluted groundwater, which lays a foundation for the selection of micro-polluted groundwater treatment methods.
Trajectory tracking control of tilt-propulsion UAV vertical take-off and landing mode based on NLESO
Authors: XIA Jiyu , ZHOU Zhou , WANG Zhengping , WANG Rui
Published: June 2023

Aiming at the vertical take-off and landing mode of tilt-propulsion UAV with uncertainties such as external environment disturbance and internal parameter perturbation, this paper studies the trajectory tracking control, and proposes an internal and external double loop sliding mode control scheme based on nonlinear extended state observer (NLESO). Firstly, according to the characteristics of tilt-propulsion UAV, the dynamic model of propulsion system, aerodynamic model of fuselage/wing and yaw rudder, and dynamic equation are established in turn to complete the dynamic modeling work. Then, the internal and external uncertainties are regarded as lumped disturbances, and NLESO is designed to estimate them and compensate the control system. Afterwards, based on NLESO and sliding mode control method, the position and attitude double loop controller of VTOL mode is designed. Finally, the Lyapunov function is designed to analyze the stability of NLESO and the whole control system. Simulation results show that the proposed method significantly improves the trajectory tracking response speed and the ability to suppress uncertainties of vertical take-off and landing mode of tilt dynamic UAV.
Cascaded fast terminal sliding mode control for UAV electric braking system
Authors: LI Yuren , ZHANG Hongyu , TIAN Liangbo , ZHANG Yufan , RAO Yun , LI Yuntong , LIANG Bo
Published: June 2023

The anti-skid braking system of unmanned aerial vehicle has the characteristics of high-order nonlinearity, strong coupling, and time-varying parameters, which will seriously affect the taxiing performance of the unmanned aerial vehicle. This paper proposed a cascaded fast terminal sliding mode control method for unmanned aerial vehicle electric braking system, which can accurately track the optimal slip rate and ensure the stability of the braking system. First, the electric braking system model of unmanned aerial vehicle is established, which gets rid of the reliance on the ground binding coefficient fitting formulas. Second, combined with the concept of the inversion control, the cascaded fast terminal sliding mode controller is designed to achieve the accurate tracking of the slip rate and the reference braking force. The stability of the controller is proved by the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation results.
Study on design characteristics of airfoil pressure distribution for low Mach number general aircraft
Authors: ZHANG Yu , BAI Junqiang , QU Feng
Published: June 2023

This paper studies several problems that may exist in the aerodynamic design of low Mach number general aircraft, and discusses the design characteristics of the pressure distribution of some related airfoils while part of the characteristics is verified by a multi-point laminar airfoil design case. Firstly, several issues which exist in the aerodynamic design of low Mach number general aircraft, such as relatively large zero-lift drag coefficient, high stall performance requirements, and large variation range of Reynolds number, are discussed and analyzed. Then, to address these issues, the paper extracts some useful design features that are beneficial to the airfoil aerodynamic performance from the study on the design characteristics of the pressure distribution of several turbulent flow airfoils and laminar flow airfoils that are designed for low Mach number general aircraft. Finally, by considering the typical design conditions of a light multi-purpose single-turboprop-engine general aircraft, including the cruise, climb and stall conditions, a multi-point laminar airfoil optimization is offered by using the GAW-1 airfoil as the baseline. The optimized foil has a 9.6 improvement in the lift-to-drag ratio of the cruise condition, a 16.3 improvement in the lift-to-drag ratio of the climb condition but a 0.115 decrease in the maximum lift coefficient of the stall condition. The results show that the requirements from the cruise, climb and stall conditions are contradictory to some degree in the considering multi-point optimization case, and the designers should deal with this trade-off carefully based on the features of the low Mach number general aircraft.
Structural global failure probability function estimation based on adaptive augmented line sampling method
Authors: ZHAO Chaofan , YUAN Xiukai , CHEN Jingqiang
Published: June 2023

A global failure probability function estimation method based on the adaptive augmented line sampling method is proposed to solve the parameter failure probability functions in structural reliability analysis and design. The proposed method uses an adaptive strategy to carry out a series of local failure probability function estimations at specific values in the design parameter space by using the augmented line sampling method. Then an optimal combination algorithm based on the minimum variation of coefficient is proposed to integrate all the local failure probability function estimations into a global estimation. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method further improves the accuracy and efficiency of estimating failure probability functions. Finally, numerical and engineering examples are provided to demonstrate the applicability and superiority of the proposed method in analyzing calculation accuracy and efficiency.
Enhancement algorithm of low illumination image for UAV images inspired by biological vision
Authors: WANG Dianwei , LIU Wang , FANG Jie , XU Zhijie
Published: June 2023

To address the issue of low brightness, high noise and obscure details of UAV aerial low-light images, this paper proposes an UAV aerial low-light image enhancement algorithm based on dual-path inspired by the dual-path model in human vision system. Firstly, a U-Net network based on residual element is constructed to decompose UAV aerial low-light image into structural path and detail path. Then, an improved generative adversarial network (GAN) is proposed to enhance the structural path, and edge enhancement module is added to enhance the edge information of the image. Secondly, the noise suppression strategy is adopted in detail path to reduce the influence of noise on image. Finally, the output of the two paths is fused to obtain the enhanced image. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm visually improves the brightness and detail information of the image, and the objective evaluation index is better than the other comparison algorithms. In addition, this paper also verifies the influence of the proposed algorithm on the target detection algorithm under low illumination conditions, and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the performance of the target detection algorithm.
Sonar image target detection based on multi-region optimal selection strategy
Authors: CAO Yu , LIU Guangyu , MU Linlin , ZENG Zhiyong , ZHAO Enming , XING Chuanxi
Published: June 2023

To overcome the adverse effects of noise and shadow regions on target detection in side-scan sonar images, more precisely, it is difficult to accurately detect targets, a target detection technology based on a multi-region optimal selection strategy of spectral clustering combined with the entropy weight method is proposed in this study. First, the cluster numbers for spectral clustering are set in advance based on prior knowledge, and the pixels of the sonar image are clustered into several different regions. Second, the invariable features of translation, rotation and scaling up that each region is extracted and used to construct the feature criterion matrix for the multiple regions. Last, the entropy weight method is used to calculate the weights of each feature and the comprehensive weighted score of each region for this feature criterion matrix to obtain the final target region. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively overcome the adverse effects of noise and shadow regions in side-scan sonar images, but also achieve the selection of optimal target region among multiple regions after image clustering, thus verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in this study.
Characteristic analysis and optimization of special-shaped micro-textured multi-oil wedge sliding bearing
Authors: YU Yinghua , ZHOU Le , RUAN Wenxin , XU Ping , SHEN Jiaxing
Published: June 2023

In order to deeply explore the potentials of micro-texture on enhancing the performances of a multi-oil wedge sliding bearing, a three-oil-wedge radial sliding bearing is taken as the prototype to simulate its bearing pressure, friction coefficient and temperature with the CFD method. According to the prototype bearing, the elliptic opening offset parabola micro texture(EOOPT) is designed. The response surface method is used to analyze the influence of EOOPT parameters on characteristics of the three-oil-wedge radial sliding bearing, and its corresponding quadratic regression equations are established. The multi-objective optimization of EOOPT parameters is carried out to obtain the optimal EOOPT parameters. The simulation results show that the sequence of influences of EOOPT parameters on the average bearing pressure and friction coefficient of the radial sliding bearing is as follows: short half axis, semi-major axis, depth, offset, texture evenly distributed angle. The sequence of influence on average temperature is depth, semi-major axis, texture evenly distributed angle, offset, short half axis. Compared with the prototype bearing, the average bearing pressure of the optimal-parameter micro-texture bearing increases by 13.7%, while the friction coefficient and average temperature decrease by 13.8% and 8.3% respectively.
I learned it through the hologram
Authors: Jacquot Maxime , Carcano Jesus Brito , Giust Remo , Froehly Luc
Published: June 2023

Holography is an advanced coherent imaging technique that records and reproduces 3D images using the principles of interference and diffraction. It finds numerous applications in fields such as biomedicine, engineering, art, and microscopy. Teaching holography at university provides students with a unique opportunity to learn more about optical physics. Moreover, it fosters creativity and innovation, as students can explore the potential of Digital Holography for their own future research.
Enabling new applications with flat optics
Authors: Briere Gauthier , Gallagher Paul
Published: June 2023

Over the past decade, flat optics, also known as flat metasurfaces, have been a new hot topic in the photonics community. The application opportunities seem nearly limitless. In this article, we will discuss the exciting potential of flat optics for the photonics industry and market. We will also discuss some of the requirements and challenges
Editorial
Authors: Forsting Michael
Published: June 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

die Pandemie ist jetzt offiziell für beendet erklärt worden und ich
hoffe, dass die Normalität so langsam wieder in das Leben aller
zurückkehrt. Es war schon eine fast surreale Zeit für das
Privatleben, aber natürlich auch für unseren beruflichen Alltag.

Die neue Ausgabe von Radiopraxis hat wieder 3 Schwerpunktthemen:
Tierschutz – Leitlinien für Pferde
Authors: Düe Michael
Published: June 2023

Leitlinien sollen Pferdehaltern und -nutzern, Tierärzten und Therapeuten
bei der Umsetzung der gesetzlichen Vorschriften eine Orientierungshilfe sein und
bei der Rechtsdurchsetzung und Rechtsprechung helfen. Für denjenigen,
der bei Pferden „Hand anlegt“, gilt, dass er sich hierbei (auch)
mit den Anforderungen der Haltung und der Nutzung befassen sollte. Daher sind
auch Tierärzte und Tiertherapeuten angehalten, die Inhalte der
gesetzlichen Anforderungen und der Leitlinien zu kennen.
Therapie der kryptograndulären Analfisteln: aktuelle Goldstandards und Alternativen
Authors: Fritz Stefan , Reissfelder Christoph , Bussen Dieter
Published: June 2023

Kryptoglanduläre Analfisteln stellen eines der häufigsten kolorektalen Krankheitsbilder dar und treten mit einer Inzidenz von etwa 20/100000 Personen auf. Analfisteln sind definiert als
eine entzündliche Verbindung zwischen dem Analkanal und der perianalen Haut und können sich aus einem Abszess oder einem chronischen Infekt des Anorektums entwickeln. Die chirurgische
Behandlung der Erkrankung stellt das Mittel der Wahl dar. Bereits bei der Behandlung eines akuten Abszesses sollte gleichzeitig nach dessen Ursache gesucht werden. Findet sich eine
Verbindung zum Analkanal, ohne dass relevante Anteile der Sphinktermuskulatur betroffen sind, so sollte eine primäre Fistelspaltung durchgeführt werden. Werden größere Anteile des
Schließmuskels umfasst, so ist meist die Einlage einer Fadendrainage sinnvoll. Zur elektiven Behandlung von krytoglandulären Analfisteln gelten grundsätzlich zwei Empfehlungen. Distal
gelegene Fisteln sollten offengelegt werden unter der Maßgabe, möglichst wenig Sphinktermuskulatur zu opfern. Bei hoch proximalen und komplexen Fisteln sollten dagegen sphinkterschonende
Operationstechniken zum Einsatz kommen. Als Mittel der Wahl gilt hier der Mukosa- oder Advancement-Flap. Alternativ werden in der Literatur u. a. Clips, Fibrininjektionen, Fistel-Plugs,
Fistelligaturen oder auch laserbasierte Verfahren beschrieben. Bei intermediären Fisteln kann eine Fistulektomie mit primärer Sphinkterrekonstruktion sinnvoll sein. Jede Operation erfolgt
im Spannungsfeld zwischen definitiver Fistelheilung und potenzieller Gefährdung der Kontinenz des Patienten. Es ist häufig schwierig, eine verlässliche Prognose über die postoperativ zu
erwartende Kontinenzfunktion abzugeben. Neben der Fistelmorphologie ist insbesondere zu beachten, ob bereits proktologische Voroperationen vorliegen, welches Geschlecht der Patient hat und
ob Schließmuskelfunktionsstörungen vorbestehen. Da für den Erfolg der Behandlung auch die Expertise des Operateurs eine entscheidende Rolle spielt, sollte der Eingriff, insbesondere bei
komplexen Fisteln oder bei Z. n. Voroperationen, in einem proktologischen Schwerpunktzentrum durchgeführt werden. Die nachfolgende Arbeit beleuchtet neben den klassischen Verfahren wie der
Fistulektomie oder dem plastischen Fistelverschluss alternative Methoden und deren Einsatzbereiche.
FDG-PET-Bildgebung der limbischen Enzephalitis
Authors: Buchert Ralph , Rauer Sebastian , Meyer Philipp T.
Published: June 2023

Bei der limbischen Enzephalitis liefert die zerebrale FDG-PET essenzielle
Informationen zur Unterstützung von Diagnose, Prognose und
Therapiekontrolle. Mit zunehmender Bedeutung der limbischen Enzephalitis als
„not to miss“-Diagnose wird der Stellenwert der zerebralen
FDG-PET bei dieser Fragestellung weiter steigen. Zudem kommt der
FDG-PET-Ganzkörperaufnahme bei Verdacht auf eine paraneoplastische
Genese und unauffälligem Tumorscreening in den Routineuntersuchungen
eine Schlüsselrolle zu.
Stammzelltherapie bei komplexen perianalen Fisteln bei Morbus Crohn: Aktuelle Evidenz und Ausblick
Authors: Schwandner Oliver
Published: June 2023

Trotz Weiterentwicklungen in interdisziplinärer Diagnostik und Therapie stellen komplexe Analfisteln bei Morbus Crohn weiterhin eine Herausforderung für medikamentöse und chirurgische
Therapiekonzepte dar. Konventionelle chirurgische Techniken (u. a. Flap, LIFT) sind mit relativ hohen Persistenz- und Rezidivraten vergesellschaftet. Vor diesem Hintergrund zeigen
Ergebnisse der Stammzelltherapie eine vielversprechende, sphinkterschonende Therapieoption. Insbesondere die allogene mesenchymale Stammzelltherapie (Darvadstrocel) konnte im Rahmen der
randomisierten ADMIRE-CD-Studie eine hohe Wirksamkeit bei komplexen Crohn-Fisteln zeigen, die auch in limitierten „Real-World“-Daten reproduziert werden konnte. Die aktuelle Evidenz der
allogenen mesenchymalen Stammzellen hat hierbei auch Einzug in internationale Leitlinien erhalten. Inwieweit die allogene mesenchymale Stammzelltherapie in Zukunft eine effektive
Therapieoption im interdisziplinären Management der komplexen perianalen Fistel bei Morbus Crohn darstellt, kann derzeit noch nicht definitiv bewertet werden.
Identification of Basement Membrane Genes and Related Molecular
Subtypes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Wang Zhaoxiang , Qin Huijuan , Yang Qichao , Jia Jue , Yang Ling , Zhong Shao , Yuan Guoyue
Published: June 2023

Basement membranes (BMs) are widely distributed and highly specialized
extracellular matrix (ECM). The goal of this study was to explore novel genes
associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from the perspective of
BMs. Sequencing results of 304 liver biopsy samples about NAFLD were
systematically obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.
Biological changes during NAFLD progression and hub BM-associated genes were
investigated by differential gene analysis and weighted gene co-expression
network analysis (WGCNA), respectively. The nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
subgroups were identified based on hub BM-associated genes expression, as well
as the differences in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling
pathways and immune microenvironment between different subgroups were compared.
Extracellular matrix (ECM) seems to play an important role in the development of
NAFLD. Three representative BM-associated genes (ADAMTS2, COL5A1, and LAMC3)
were finally identified. Subgroup analysis results suggested that there were
significant changes in KEGG signaling pathways related to metabolism,
extracellular matrix, cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. There were
also changes in macrophage polarization, neutrophils, and dendritic cells
abundance, and so on. In conclusion, the present study identified novel
potential BM-associated biomarkers and further explored the heterogeneity of
NASH that might provide new insights into the diagnosis, assessment, management,
and personalized treatment of NAFLD.
A prospective multicenter study to evaluate the impact of cryotherapy on dysphagia and quality of life in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer
Authors: Kachaamy Toufic , Sharma Neil , Shah Tilak , Mohapatra Sonmoon , Pollard Kimberly , Zelt Christina , Jewett Elaine , Garcia Rigoberto , Munsey Rachel , Gupta Saurabh , Rojas-DeLeon Mariajose , Gupta Digant , Kaul Vivek , Pannala Rahul , Vashi Pankaj
Published: June 2023

Background Dysphagia palliation in inoperable esophageal cancer continues to be a challenge. Self-expandable metal stents have been the mainstay of endoscopic palliation but have a significant risk of adverse events (AEs). Liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy is an established modality that can be used with systemic therapy. This study reports the outcomes of cryotherapy, including dysphagia and quality of life (QoL), in patients receiving systemic therapy.

Methods This was a prospective multicenter cohort study of adults with inoperable esophageal cancer who underwent cryotherapy. QoL and dysphagia scores before and after cryotherapy were compared.

Results 55 patients received 175 cryotherapy procedures. After a mean of 3.2 cryotherapy sessions, mean QoL improved from 34.9 at baseline to 29.0 at last follow-up (P < 0.001) and mean dysphagia improved from 1.9 to 1.3 (P = 0.004). Patients receiving more intensive cryotherapy (≥ 2 treatments within 3 weeks) showed a significantly greater improvement in dysphagia compared with those not receiving intensive therapy (1.2 vs. 0.2 points; P = 0.003). Overall, 13 patients (23.6 %) received another intervention (1 botulinum toxin injection, 2 stent, 3 radiation, 7 dilation) for dysphagia palliation. Within the 30-day post-procedure period, there were three non-cryotherapy-related grade ≥ 3 AEs (all deaths). The median overall survival was 16.4 months.

Conclusion In patients with inoperable esophageal cancer receiving concurrent systemic therapy, adding liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy was safe and associated with improvement in dysphagia and QoL without causing reflux. More intensive treatment showed a greater improvement in dysphagia and should be considered as the preferred approach.
An asymptotic-preserving and energy-conserving particle-in-cell method for Vlasov–Maxwell equations
Authors: Ji Lijie , Yang Zhiguo , Li Zhuoning , Wu Dong , Jin Shi , Xu Zhenli
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we develop an asymptotic-preserving and energy-conserving (APEC) Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm for the Vlasov–Maxwell system. This algorithm not only guarantees that the asymptotic limiting of the discrete scheme is a consistent and stable discretization of the quasi-neutral limit of the continuous model but also preserves Gauss’s law and energy conservation at the same time; therefore, it is promising to provide stable simulations of complex plasma systems even in the quasi-neutral regime. The key ingredients for achieving these properties include the generalization of Ohm’s law for electric fields such that asymptotic-preserving discretization can be achieved and a proper decomposition of the effects of the electromagnetic fields such that a Lagrange multiplier method can be appropriately employed for correcting the kinetic energy. We investigate the performance of the APEC method with three benchmark tests in one dimension, including the linear Landau damping, the bump-on-tail problem, and the two-stream instability. Detailed comparisons are conducted by including the results from the classical explicit leapfrog and the previously developed asymptotic-preserving PIC schemes. Our numerical experiments show that the proposed APEC scheme can give accurate and stable simulations of both kinetic and quasi-neutral regimes, demonstrating the attractive properties of the method across scales.
Coarse-grained dynamics of transiently bound fast linkers
Authors: Marbach Sophie , Miles Christopher E.
Published: June 2023

Transient bonds between fast linkers and slower particles are widespread in physical and biological systems. Despite their diverse structure and function, a commonality is that the linkers diffuse on timescales much faster compared to the overall motion of the particles they bind to. This limits numerical and theoretical approaches that need to resolve these diverse timescales with high accuracy. Many models, therefore, resort to effective, yet ad hoc, dynamics, where linker motion is only accounted for when bound. This paper provides a mathematical justification for such coarse-grained dynamics that preserves detailed balance at equilibrium. Our derivation is based on multiscale averaging techniques and is broadly applicable. We verify our results with simulations on a minimal model of fast linker binding to a slow particle. We show how our framework can be applied to various systems, including those with multiple linkers, stiffening linkers upon binding, or slip bonds with force-dependent unbinding. Importantly, the preservation of detailed balance only sets the ratio of the binding to the unbinding rates, but it does not constrain the detailed expression of binding kinetics. We conclude by discussing how various choices of binding kinetics may affect macroscopic dynamics.
Shapes and dynamic regimes of a polar active fluid droplet under confinement
Authors: Tiribocchi A. , Durve M. , Lauricella M. , Montessori A. , Marenduzzo D. , Succi S.
Published: June 2023

Active droplets are artificial microswimmers built from a liquid dispersion by microfluidic tools and showing self-propelled motion. These systems hold particular interest for mimicking biological phenomena, such as some aspects of cell locomotion and collective behaviors of bacterial colonies, as well as for the design of droplet-based biologically inspired materials, such as engineered tissues. Growing evidence suggests that geometrical confinement crucially affects their morphology and motility, but the driving physical mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we study the effect of activity on a droplet containing a contractile polar fluid confined within microfluidic channels of various sizes. We find a surprising wealth of shapes and dynamic regimes, whose mechanics is regulated by a subtle interplay between contractile stress, droplet elasticity, and microchannel width. They range from worm-like and cell-like shaped droplets displaying an oscillating behavior within wider channels to bullet-shaped droplets exhibiting rectilinear motion in narrower slits. Our findings support the view that geometrical confinement can provide a viable strategy to control and predict the propulsion direction of active droplets. It would be of interest to look for analogs of these motility modes in biological cells or in synthetic active matter.
Mechanism of monovalent and divalent ion mobility in Nafion membrane: An atomistic simulation study
Authors: Paspureddi Akhilesh , Zhang Zidan , Ganesan Venkat , Sharma Mukul M. , Katz Lynn E.
Published: June 2023

Polymer cation exchange membranes (CEMs) are widely used in water treatment processes. The fundamental factors that control the separation and selectivity of cations with different valences in CEMs are not fully understood. In this study, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms that control the mobility of cations with different valences in Nafion membranes. Our results indicate structural differences in binding of monovalent and divalent cations, which gives rise to differences in ion diffusion in Nafion. Monovalent cations are shown to be “territorially” bound, i.e., bound while partially hydrated, to the fixed charge groups whereas divalent cations are shown to be “site” bound, i.e., bound while fully dehydrated, to the charge groups on the polymer. This difference in binding structure gives rise to differences in transport characteristics of cations in Nafion.
Co-doping: An effective strategy for developing stable and high-speed Sb2Te-based phase-change memory
Authors: Hu Jing , Lin Cong , Cheng Yan , Zheng Yonghui , Wei Tao , Li Wanfei , Ling Yun , Liu Qianqian , Cheng Miao , Wang Ruirui , Song Sannian , Song Zhitang , Wei Yinghui , Liu Bo
Published: June 2023

Balancing operation speed and thermal stability is a big challenge in phase change memory (PCM). In this work, a carbon (C) and chromium (Cr) co-doped Sb2Te strategy has been proposed for achieving high operation speed and high stability in PCM applications. In general, doping with the appropriate Cr element is beneficial to improve thermal stability, but it will sacrifice its operation speed. C-doping can enhance thermal stability and retain its fast phase transition properties due to the carbon elements tend to form agglomerates in the host that ameliorate disorder of the amorphous phase without loss of the phase transition rate. Intriguingly, the as-prepared C1.19Cr0.23Sb2Te material exhibits good data retention (T10-year @ 155.0 °C) and low-volume change rate (1.8%), as well as fast switching speed (4 ns) and good endurance (>1 × 105 cycles). This research indicates that C and Cr co-doping is an effective method to achieve excellent stability of phase-change materials without sacrificing the phase-transition rate of Sb2Te materials.
Damped two-axis axially collocated flexure hinge
Authors: Chen Zhong , Shi Junjie , Wang Kui , Zhang Xianmin
Published: June 2023

Broadband motion control in flexure-based stages can benefit from passive damping enhancement at their flexible structures. This paper develops a damped two-axis axially collocated (2-AC) flexure hinge with damping-enabling hybrid inserts and analytically derives its loss factor model based on hybrid (empirical and analytical) compliance modeling and shearing damping modeling. The analytical loss factor model is verified by finite element analysis. It is seen that the geometric parameters of the diameter and slope angle of the insert are sensitive to the hinge’s loss factor based on the theoretical loss factor model, especially in low-frequency and resonant zone. The actual experiments and finite element simulation indicate that embedding the hybrid inserts into the 2-AC flexure hinge can improve the damping performance of the hinge.
Wave-by-wave forecasts in directional seas using nonlinear dispersion corrections
Authors: Meisner Eytan , Galvagno Mariano , Andrade David , Liberzon Dan , Stuhlmeier Raphael
Published: June 2023

We develop a new methodology for the deterministic forecasting of directional ocean surface waves based on nonlinear frequency corrections. These frequency corrections can be pre-computed based on measured energy density spectra and, therefore, come at no additional computational cost compared to linear theory. The nonlinear forecasting methodology is tested on highly nonlinear synthetically generated seas with a variety of values of average steepness and directional spreading and is shown to consistently outperform a linear forecast.
Experimental and numerical characterization of the airflow in the wake of a heavy truck
Authors: Pérard-Lecomte A. , Djeddou M. , Fokoua G. , Mehel A. , Tanière A.
Published: June 2023

The wake flow of a heavy truck model is investigated at Re=8.5×104 using particle image velocimetry measurements combined with computational fluids dynamics-simulations. Experimental measurements are carried out on a 1:28-scale model, focusing exclusively on the central longitudinal plane, in the rear of the truck model. Numerical simulations are performed based on the URANS (unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes) approach using two statistical turbulence models, i.e., the shear stress transport k–ω and the baseline Reynolds stress (BSL-RSM) models. A comparison between the numerical and experimental results of the mean velocity profiles in the wake of the heavy truck is found to be relatively consistent. The BSL-RSM model, however, gives a better prediction of experiments, with a deviation of 6% in the near wake, against 13% for the SST k–ω. Both URANS models undervalue the streamwise and spanwise turbulence intensity components with a deviation around 24%, compared with the experimental results. The characteristic feature of the wake flow topology is the formation of a recirculation bubble resulting from the shear layers separated from the truck surfaces. Different identification methods, including visualization of closed streamlines, vorticity magnitude, and the Q-invariant criterion, are considered and highlight the existence of two particular vortex regions in the mean flow: a vortex-shedding area in the upper recirculation region and a back-truck attached vortical structure. It is found that the Q criterion-based technique is a relevant indicator of the vortex cores regions.
On the interfacial deformations and thermal characteristics exhibiting self-similar behavior under the action of a line heat source
Authors: Shahdhaar Mohammad Autif , Srivastava Atul , Singh Suneet
Published: June 2023

Interfacial dynamics resulting from a heating source located near the interface play a crucial role in dictating the heat and momentum transport in the near-interface region. This paper aims toward simultaneous characterization of interfacial deformation and thermal behavior under the action of a line heating source placed below the interface. Experiments have been conducted on aqueous glycerol with a heating wire at different power inputs and depths from the interface. The interfacial deformations are mapped and quantified by employing moon-glade background oriented schlieren, which offers real-time, non-intrusive whole field measurements based on the deflection of light rays from liquid interface. Infrared thermography is used to measure transient interfacial temperature variations. Results show that the interface exhibits a convex-shaped deformation under the influence of the heating wire for all cases of heating power and depth. The maximum interface temperature coincides with the peak interfacial deformation. However, the region of thermal influence is smaller compared to the deformed region. Non-dimensionalization of transient interface deformation and temperature profiles establishes the underlying similarity of the phenomenon as non-dimensional interface perturbation profiles overlap for all cases of height and heating power. These characteristics are also observed for normalized temperature profiles at different wire depths.
Analysis on three-dimensional flow characteristics of rotor wake
Authors: Mo Wenchao , Wang Shaofei , Qi Zhongyang
Published: June 2023

As the main lift and control component of helicopters, the rotor has a complex flow field structure with unique characteristics, such as unsteadiness, paddle-vortex interference, and tip vortex. Thus, it is challenging to measure the rotor flow field. In addition, the instability of the flow is accompanied by strong flow pulsation, which leads to noise and blade vibration during the formation of tip vortices. A phase-locked Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) technique, SPIV measurement technology, and phase locked technology are adopted in the present study to investigate the blade tip vortex. The blade tip vortex, which is the main flow structure to be characterized in this study about the rotor wake, is measured by the phase-locked SPIV technique. The velocity and vorticity fields at five phases are presented. Then, the main energetic modes of pulsation were extracted by proper orthogonal decomposition to analyze the instability characteristics of the flow. Finally, the three-dimensional structure of the blade tip vortex is reconstructed and presented. It can be seen that the blade tip vortex has a spiral structure and develops toward the rotor axis.