bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The “How” and “Where” Behind the Functionalization of Graphene Oxide by Thiol‐ene “Click” Chemistry
Authors: Piñeiro‐García Alexis , Semetey Vincent
Published: June 2023

Graphene oxide (GO) is a 2D nanomaterial with unique chemistry due to the combination of sp2 hybridization and oxygen functional groups (OFGs) even in single layer. OFGs play a fundamental role in the chemical functionalization of GO to produce GO‐based materials for diverse applications. However, traditional strategies that employ epoxides, alcohols, and carboxylic acids suffer from low control and undesirable side reactions, including by‐product formation and GO reduction. Thiol‐ene “click” reaction offers a promising and versatile chemical approach for the alkene functionalization (−C=C−) of GO, providing orthogonality, stereoselectivity, regioselectivity, and high yields while reducing by‐products. This review examines the chemical functionalization of GO via thiol‐ene “click” reactions, providing insights into the underlying reaction mechanisms, including the role of radical or base catalysts in triggering the reaction. We discuss the “how” and “where” the reaction takes place on GO, the strategies to avoid unwanted side reactions, such as GO reduction and by‐product formation. We anticipate that multi‐functionalization of GO via the alkene groups will enhance GO physicochemical properties while preserving its intrinsic chemistry.
Neutral and Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene Cyclic Alkyl Amino Carbene (CAAC) Complexes for Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Kundu Koushani , Musso Janis V. , Benedikter Mathis J. , Frey Wolfgang , Gugeler Katrin , Kästner Johannes , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: June 2023

The first neutral and cationic Mo imido alkylidene cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) complexes of the general formulae [Mo(N−Ar)(CHCMe2Ph)(X)2(CAAC)] and [Mo(N−Ar)(CHCMe2Ph)(X)(CAAC)][B(ArF)4] (X=Br, Cl, OTf, OC6F5; CAAC=1‐(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)‐3,3,5,5‐tetramethyltetrahydropyrrol‐2‐ylidene) have been synthesized from molybdenum imido bishalide alkylidene DME precursors. Different combinations of the imido and “X” ligands have been employed to understand synthetic peculiarities. Selected complexes have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Due to the pronounced σ‐donor/π‐acceptor characteristics of CAACs, the corresponding neutral and cationic molybdenum imido alkylidene CAAC complexes do not require the presence of stabilizing donor ligands such as nitriles. Calculations on the PBE0‐D3BJ/def2‐TZVP level for PBE0‐D3BJ/def2‐SVP optimized geometries revealed partial charges at molybdenum similar to the corresponding molybdenum imido alkylidene N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes with a slightly higher polarization of the molybdenum alkylidene bond in the CAAC complexes. All cationic complexes have been tested in olefin metathesis reactions and showed improved activity compared to the analogous NHC complexes for hydrocarbon‐based substrates, allowing for turnover numbers (TONs) up to 9500 even at room temperature. Some Mo imido alkylidene CAAC complexes are tolerant towards functional groups like thioethers and sulfonamides.
Pairing Electrocarboxylation of Unsaturated Bonds with Oxidative Transformation of Alcohol and Amine
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Zonghan , Chen Hongshuai , Shen Chaoren , Wu Haihong , Dong Kaiwu
Published: June 2023

A parallel paired electrosynthetic method, coupling electrocarboxylation incorporating CO2 into ketone, imine, and alkene with alcohol oxidation or oxidative cyanation of amine, was developed for the first time. Various carboxylic acids as well as aldehyde/ketone or α‐nitrile amine were prepared at the cathode and anode respectively in a divided cell. Its utility and merits on simultaneously achieving high atom‐economic CO2 utilization, elevated faradaic efficiency (FE, total FE of up to 166 %), and broad substrate scope were demonstrated. The preparation of pharmaceutical intermediates for Naproxen and Ibuprofen via this approach proved its potential application in green organic electrosynthesis.
The Essential Need for Trust When Transmission Risk Cannot Be Eliminated in HIV‐Remission Trials
Authors: Rennie Stuart , Henderson Gail , Phanuphak Nittaya , Kuczynski Kristine , Colby Donn , Ormsby Nuchanart , Kroon Eugene , Hsu Denise , Likhitwonnawut Udom , Vasan Sandhya , Sacdalan Carlo , Jupimai Thidarat , Butterworth Oratai , Peay Holly
Published: June 2023

Analytic treatment interruption (ATI) is scientifically necessary in HIV‐remission (“cure”) studies to test the effects of new interventions. However, stopping antiretroviral treatment poses risks to research participants and their sexual partners. Ethical debate about whether and how to conduct such studies has largely centered on designing risk‐mitigation strategies and identifying the responsibilities of research stakeholders. In this paper, we argue that because the possibility of HIV transmission from research participants to partners during ATI cannot practicably be eliminated—that is, it is ineliminable—the successful conduct of such trials ultimately depends on relationships of trust and trustworthiness. We describe our experiences with conducting and studying HIV‐remission trials with ATI in Thailand to examine the strengths, complexities, and limitations of the risk‐mitigation and responsibility approaches and to explore ways in which the building of trust—and trustworthiness—may help enhance the scientific, practical, and ethical dimensions of these trials.
Predictors for and duration of hospitalization among children and adolescents with eating disorders
Authors: Kemp Adam F. , Bentz Mette , Olsen Else Marie , Moslet Ulla , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Koch Susanne Vinkel
Published: June 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the predictive value of sex, age, body mass index (BMI), Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) score, social risk factors, and psychiatric comorbidities for hospitalization and hospitalization duration among children and adolescents suffering from eating disorders.

Method

This prospective cohort study involved 522 consecutive patients who had been referred to a specialized eating disorder unit between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015; participants were followed up until August 1, 2016 by medical records. We used regression analyses to evaluate the prognostic value of sex, age, BMI, EDE, eating disorder diagnoses, social risk factors, and psychiatric comorbidities concerning inpatient hospitalization and hospitalization duration.

Results

We found that younger age, higher EDE global score, lower BMI percentile, anorexia nervosa, a higher number of social risk factors, and the presence of diagnosed self‐harm increased the odds of being hospitalized, while being female and having a comorbid autism spectrum condition increased the duration of hospitalization. No other psychiatric comorbidity was found to significantly predict hospitalization or duration of hospitalization.

Discussion

The odds of being hospitalized were predicted by the severity of anorexia nervosa and indicators of social risk factors in the family, whereas the duration of hospitalization was predicted by having a comorbid autism spectrum condition, indicating a difference between the factors affecting the risk of hospitalization and the factors affecting the duration of hospitalization. This calls for further exploration of tailored treatments for eating disorders.

Public Significance Statement

This study finds that hospitalization for an eating disorder is predicted by the severity of the illness, self‐harm, and social risk factors. Duration of hospitalization is predicted by having a comorbid autism spectrum condition. These findings indicate that the treatment of eating disorders may require different treatment approaches depending on the presentation of the individual patient to reduce both the need for hospitalization and the length of inpatient stay.
Ecological response of an umbrella species to changing climate and land use: Habitat conservation for Asiatic black bear in the Sichuan‐Chongqing Region, Southwestern China
Authors: Dai Yunchuan , Huang Heqing , Qing Yu , Li Jiatong , Li Dayong
Published: June 2023

Climate and land use changes are increasingly recognized as major threats to global biodiversity, with significant impacts on wildlife populations and ecosystems worldwide. The study of how climate and land use changes impact wildlife is of paramount importance for advancing our understanding of ecological processes in the face of global environmental change, informing conservation planning and management, and identifying the mechanisms and thresholds that underlie species' responses to shifting climatic conditions. The Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) is a prominent umbrella species in a biodiversity hotspot in Southwestern China, and its conservation is vital for safeguarding sympatric species. However, the extent to which this species' habitat may respond to global climate and land use changes is poorly understood, underscoring the need for further investigation. Our goal was to anticipate the potential impacts of upcoming climate and land use changes on the distribution and dispersal patterns of the Asiatic black bear in the Sichuan‐Chongqing Region. We used MaxEnt modeling to evaluate habitat vulnerability using three General Circulation Models (GCMs) and three scenarios of climate and land use changes. Subsequently, we used Circuit Theory to identify prospective dispersal paths. Our results revealed that the current area of suitable habitat for the Asiatic black bear was 225,609.59 km2 (comprising 39.69% of the total study area), but was expected to decrease by −53.1%, −49.48%, and −28.55% under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 projection scenarios, respectively. Across all three GCMs, the distribution areas and dispersal paths of the Asiatic black bear were projected to shift to higher altitudes and constrict by the 2070s. Furthermore, the results indicated that the density of dispersal paths would decrease, while the resistance to dispersal would increase across the study area. In order to protect the Asiatic black bear, it is essential to prioritize the protection of climate refugia and dispersal paths. Our findings provide a sound scientific foundation for the allocation of such protected areas in the Sichuan‐Chongqing Region that are both effective and adaptive in the face of ongoing global climate and land use changes.
Characterization of strong‐motion recording sites in the Himalayas and adjoining areas
Authors: Gupta Ishwer Datt , Kumari Neha
Published: June 2023

In this paper, an attempt has been made to arrive at sufficiently realistic estimates of the average shear‐wave velocity in the top 30 m of the ground () for 200 strong motion recording sites spread over the Himalayas, adjoining Indo‐Gangetic plains and northeast Indian regions. This is achieved by extending the application of the horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method for the strong motion recording sites with a limited number of records. The knowledge of surface geology at the recording sites and the estimates based on the topographic slope method has been utilized as supplementary information to arrive at a good first‐order approximation of for the sites with a single record also. A total of 669 three‐component acceleration records have been obtained at the 200 sites considered from 158 different earthquakes in the magnitude range of 2.3–7.9 during 1986–2015. It had not been possible to use this database fruitfully due to lack of the required site characterization. Compared to the costly and time‐taking field studies required for the estimation of exact site‐specific values, the proposed scheme can be considered to provide a convenient methodology for obtaining sufficiently reliable approximations of from the recorded strong motion data. The values obtained in this study are found to be in very good agreement with the site‐specific experimental values available for 29 of the sites, establishing the validity of the proposed scheme. An alternative site characterization is also provided in terms of the site soil and the local geological conditions, both defined in terms of three categories specified by indicator variables with values of 0, 1 and 2. Lee and Trifunac have illustrated that this characterization has stronger correlation with the ground motion amplitudes than the as well as the NEHRP site classes based on broad intervals of . The site characterization of the 200 strong motion recording sites in the present study will find useful applications in developing region‐specific empirical ground motion prediction equations with the site amplification effects modeled realistically and in selecting suitable equations from the published literature using score‐based data‐driven methods.
A novel cryopreservation and biobanking strategy to study lymphoid tissue stromal cells in human disease
Authors: Brandstadter Joshua D. , De Martin Angelina , Lϋtge Mechthild , Ferreira Antonio , Gaudette Brian T. , Stanossek Yves , Wang Shumei , Gonzalez Michael V. , Camiolo Edward , Wertheim Gerald , Austin Bridget , Allman David , Bagg Adam , Lim Megan S. , Fajgenbaum David C. , Aster Jon C. , Ludewig Burkhard , Maillard Ivan
Published: June 2023

Nonhematopoietic lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) regulate lymphocyte trafficking, survival, and function for key roles in host defense, autoimmunity, alloimmunity, and lymphoproliferative disorders. However, the study of LNSCs in human diseases is complicated by a dependence on viable lymphoid tissues, which are most often excised prior to establishment of a specific diagnosis. Here, we demonstrate that cryopreservation can be used to bank lymphoid tissue for the study of LNSCs in human disease. Using human tonsils and lymph nodes (LN), lymphoid tissue fragments were cryopreserved for subsequent enzymatic digestion and recovery of viable nonhematopoietic cells. Flow cytometry and single‐cell transcriptomics identified comparable proportions of LN stromal cell types in fresh and cryopreserved tissue. Moreover, cryopreservation had little effect on transcriptional profiles, which showed significant overlap between tonsils and LN. The presence and spatial distribution of transcriptionally defined cell types were confirmed by in situ analyses. Our broadly applicable approach promises to greatly enable research into the roles of LNSCs in human disease.
Towards Platinum(II) Complexes forin celluloApplications: Synthesis, Characterization, Biological and Catalytic Evaluation
Authors: Gourdon‐Grünewaldt Lisa , Bakija Marija , Wild Lara , Perić Berislav , Gasser Gilles , Kirin Srećko I. , Cariou Kevin
Published: June 2023

With the aim of achieving bioorthogonal intracellular catalysis, a library of platinum(II) complexes was synthesized. Their non‐toxicity to living cells was demonstrated and their catalytic activity was evaluated on a cyclization reaction leading to a highly fluorescent coumarin. None of the platinum complexes showed any catalytic activity for coumarin synthesis. Still, we demonstrated that the silver salt AgSbF6commonly used to ‘activate’ metal catalysts by removing a chloride is a very efficient catalyst for the studied intramolecular cyclization reaction.
Work–life conflict and facilitation: Mostly indirect effects on domain‐specific and work–life balance satisfaction over time
Authors: Lavigne Kristi N. , Grawitch Matthew J.
Published: June 2023

The majority of work–life research has been anchored around work–life conflict/facilitation and balance constructs, though these constructs have largely been examined in isolation from one another. The purpose of the current study is to provide a direct replication and longitudinal extension of Grawitch et al.'s cross‐sectional study exploring work–life balance satisfaction's relation to interdomain conflict and facilitation. We conducted a three‐wave longitudinal study (0, 1 and 6 months) to test the causal assumptions of the original study. In addition to exploring relationships between bidirectional conflict/facilitation and work–non‐work balance (WLB) satisfaction variables, the pathways by which work–life constructs influence work and non‐work life satisfaction were examined. Time 1 results largely replicated those from Grawitch et al. Time 2 and Time 3 models demonstrated consistency in the relationships between satisfaction with work and non‐work life and work–life balance and general stability across time points. Work–life conflict and life–work facilitation demonstrated the strongest indirect effects from Time 1 to Time 3 satisfaction constructs. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of these findings.
Graph neural networks for image‐guided disease diagnosis: A review
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhao Yan , Che Tongtong , Li Shuyu , Wang Xiuying
Published: June 2023

Medical imaging is playing an increasingly crucial role in disease diagnosis. Numerous deep learning‐based methods have been developed for image‐guided automatic disease diagnosis. Most of the methods have harnessed conventional convolutional neural networks, which are directly applied in the regular image domain. However, some irregular spatial patterns revealed in medical images are also critical to disease diagnosis, since they can describe latent relations in different image regions of a subject (e.g., different focal lesions in an image) or between different groups (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and healthy control). Therefore, how to exploit and analyze irregular spatial patterns and their relations has become a research challenge in the field of image‐guided disease diagnosis. To address this challenge, graph neural networks (GNNs) are proposed to perform the convolution operation on graphs. Graphs can naturally represent irregular spatial structures. Because of their ability to aggregate node features, edge features, and graph structure information to capture and learn hidden spatial patterns in irregular structures, GNN‐based algorithms have achieved promising results in the detection of various diseases. In this paper, we introduce commonly used GNN‐based algorithms and systematically review their applications to disease diagnosis. We summarize the workflow of GNN‐based applications in disease diagnosis, ranging from localizing the regions of interest and edge construction to modeling. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations and outline potential research directions for GNNs in disease diagnosis.
Development of a tumor microenvironment‐related prognostic signature in glioma to predict immune landscape and potential therapeutic drugs
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wu Chunmiao , Li Qiang , Fang Sheng , Hou Min , Zhang Sunfu , Dong Xingyu
Published: June 2023

The involvement of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the biology of gliomas has expanded, while it is yet uncertain its potential of supporting diagnosis and therapy choices. According to immunological characteristics and overall survival, cohorts of glioma patients from public databases were separated into two TME‐relevant clusters in this analysis. Based on differentially expressed genes between TME clusters and correlative regression analysis, a 21‐gene molecular classifier of TME‐related prognostic signature (TPS) was constructed. Afterward, the prognostic efficacy and effectiveness of TPS were assessed in the training and validation groups. The outcome demonstrated that TPS might be utilized alone or in conjunction with other clinical criteria to act as a superior prognostic predictor for glioma. Also, high‐risk glioma patients classified by TPS were considered to associate with enhanced immune infiltration, greater tumor mutation, and worse general prognosis. Finally, possible treatment medicines specialized for different risk subgroups of TPS were evaluated in drug databases.
Observed and projected changes in wet and dry spells for the major river basins in East Asia
Authors: Huang Lirong , Du Haibo , Dang Yongcai , He Hong S. , Wang Lei , Na Risu , Li Na , Wu Zhengfang
Published: June 2023

Spatiotemporal changes in wet and dry spells had significantly contributed to climate‐related natural hazards in East Asia, especially in river basins undergoing warming. However, few studies have systematically analysed these changes for river basins at different latitudes. Herein, we investigated the observed and projected variations in wet and dry spells for East Asian river basins at different latitudes. We found that river basins at low latitudes (Yangtze and Pearl rivers) had obvious wet characteristics, whereas those at high latitudes (Amur and Yellow rivers) had obvious dry characteristics. In general, the river basins presented a ‘wet south but dry north’ spatial pattern. Long‐duration wet spells have been shown to be the primary contributor to total wet spells in low‐latitude river basins, while long‐duration dry spells have been found to be the primary contributor to total dry spells in high‐latitude river basins. Importantly, climate is changing from prolonged wet spells to short, intense wet spells in low‐latitude river basins, whereas the climate is changing from single, short dry spells to moderate, prolonged dry spells at high latitudes. These changes indicate a high probability of flash floods in river basins at low latitudes and a high probability of droughts at high latitudes. In the future, more temporally clustered heavy precipitation events and prolonged dry spells may lead to increasingly uneven precipitation in high‐latitude river basins and the Pearl River basin, especially under the higher shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios. In contrast, more frequent consecutive heavy precipitation events may aggravate the risk of flooding in the Yangtze River basin. These findings are expected to serve as a guide for flood and drought risk mitigation in East Asia under a warming climate.
Who Benefits from Creative Mindsets?: The Effects of Domain‐Specific Knowledge on the Relationships Between Creative Mindsets and Creative Performance in the Context of ESL/EAL Writing
Authors: Bereczki Enikő Orsolya , Nagy Peter
Published: June 2023

In the past decade, creativity researchers have attempted to explore how creative fixed and growth mindsets shape creative outcomes and effort. Previous studies found a strong association between creative mindsets and self‐perceptions. However, research on the relationship between creative mindsets and performance led to mixed results. In an attempt to explain these confusing findings, many advocated the idea that creative mindsets may influence how learners utilize their domain knowledge and skills in creative performance. To empirically test this assumption, we investigated the influence of domain knowledge and skills on the relationship between creative mindsets and performance among college students (n = 125) in the context of ESL/EAL writing. Our results show that a fixed creative mindset, but not growth, together with ESL/EAL writing proficiency contribute to ESL/EAL creative writing performance. We also found that domain‐specific knowledge and skills play a role in how creative mindsets translate to creative performance: while endorsing a fixed mindset was detrimental for students at all ESL/EAL writing proficiency levels, a growth mindset was beneficial at high proficiency levels only. These findings contradict the assumption that cultivating a growth creative mindset will lead to positive creative outcomes for all. Practical implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
Artificial Intelligence Creates Art? An Experimental Investigation of Value and Creativity Perceptions
Authors: Tigre Moura Francisco , Castrucci Chiara , Hindley Clare
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a study analyzing the perception of artistic products created by or with the support of artificial intelligence (AI). The research builds on previous studies revealing that the output of artificial creativity processes can indeed rival human‐made products, satisfy consumer expectations, and derive enjoyment. However, in contrast to earlier works, the study focuses on the awareness of how AI is used during production processes (full automation, human‐AI co‐creation, and solely human) and product types (levels of involvement and product tangibility). A laboratory experiment was conducted to compare the value and creativity perceptions of 199 participants. Results revealed that, overall, the use of AI enhanced perceptions of process novelty. Additionally, the use of AI led to more positive evaluations of intangible and high involvement products such as songs compared to tangible and high involvement products such as paintings. This shows a decrease in perceived quality as more AI is involved in the production process. Furthermore, the level of product involvement level indicated no causal relationship to the degree of AI used in the production process.
3D characterization of the triple‐bundle Achilles tendon from in vivo high‐field MRI
Authors: Cone Stephanie G. , Kim Hoon , Thelen Darryl G. , Franz Jason R.
Published: June 2023

The Achilles tendon consists of three subtendons that transmit force from the triceps surae muscles to the calcaneus. Individual differences have been identified in Achilles subtendon morphology and twist in cadavers, which may have implications for triceps surae mechanics and function. High‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to identify boundaries within multi‐bundle tissues, which could then enable studies of subtendon structure−function relationships in humans. The objective of this study was to use high‐field MRI (7T) to image and reconstruct Achilles subtendons arising from the triceps surae muscles. We imaged the dominant lower leg of a cohort of healthy human subjects (n = 10) using a tuned musculoskeletal sequence (double echo steady state sequence, 0.4 mm isotropic voxels). We then characterized the cross‐sectional area and orientation of each subtendon between the MTJ and calcaneal insertion. Image collection and segmentation was repeated to assess repeatability. Subtendon morphometry varied across subjects, with average subtendon areas of 23.5 ± 8.9 mm2 for the medial gastrocnemius, 25.4 ± 8.9 mm2 for the lateral gastrocnemius, and 13.7 ± 5.9 mm2 for the soleus subtendons. Repeatable subject‐specific variations in size and position of each subtendon were identified over two visits, expanding on prior knowledge that high variability exists in Achilles subtendon morphology across subjects.
Recombinant lysyl oxidase effects on embryonic tendon cell phenotype and behavior
Authors: Nguyen Phong K. , Hall Kaitlyn , Holt Iverson , Kuo Catherine K.
Published: June 2023

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) plays an important role in the elaboration of tendon mechanical properties during embryonic development by mediating enzymatic collagen crosslinking. We previously showed recombinant LOX (rLOX) treatment of developing tendon significantly increased LOX‐mediated collagen crosslink density to enhance tendon mechanical properties at different stages of tissue formation. Working toward the future development of rLOX‐based therapeutic strategies to enhance mechanical properties of tendons that are compromised, such as after injury or due to abnormal development, this study characterized the direct effects of rLOX treatment on embryonic tendon cells from different stages of tissue formation. Tendon cell morphology, proliferation rate, proliferative capacity, and metabolic activity were not affected by rLOX treatment. Tenogenic phenotype was stable with rLOX treatment, reflected by no change in cell morphology or tendon marker messenger RNA (mRNA) levels assessed by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. Collagen mRNA levels also remained constant. Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression levels were downregulated in later stage tendon cells, but not in earlier stage cells, whereas enzyme activity levels were undetected. Bone morphogenetic protein‐1 (BMP‐1) expression was upregulated in earlier stage tendon cells, but not in later stage cells. Furthermore, BMP‐1 activity was unchanged when intracellular LOX enzyme activity levels were upregulated in both stage cells, suggesting exogenous rLOX may have entered the cells. Based on our data, rLOX treatment had minimal effects on tendon cell phenotype and behaviors. These findings will inform future development of LOX‐focused treatments to enhance tendon mechanical properties without adverse effects on tendon cell phenotype and behaviors.
The Efficacy of the Manual Circumlaryngeal Therapy for Muscle Tension Dysphonia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Barsties v. Latoszek Ben , Watts Christopher R. , Hetjens Svetlana
Published: June 2023

Objective

Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) is the most common functional voice disorder. Behavioral voice therapy is the front‐line treatment for MTD, and laryngeal manual therapy may be a part of this treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of manual circumlaryngeal therapy (MCT) on acoustic markers of voice quality (jitter, shimmer, and harmonics‐to‐noise ratio) and vocal function (fundamental frequency) through a systematic review with meta‐analysis.

Data Sources

Four databases were searched from inception to December 2022, and a manual search was performed.

Review Methods

The PRISMA extension statement for reporting systematic reviews incorporating a meta‐analysis of health care interventions was applied, and a random effects model was used for the meta‐analyses.

Results

We identified 6 eligible studies from 30 studies (without duplicates). The MCT approach was highly effective on acoustics with large effect sizes (Cohen's d > 0.8). Significant improvements were obtained in jitter in percent (mean difference of −.58; 95% CI −1.00 to 0.16), shimmer in percent (mean difference of −5.66; 95% CI −8.16 to 3.17), and harmonics‐to‐noise ratio in dB (mean difference of 4.65; 95% CI 1.90–7.41), with the latter two measurements continuing to be significantly improved by MCT when measurement variability is considered.

Conclusion

The efficacy of MCT for MTD was confirmed in most clinical studies by assessing jitter, shimmer, and harmonics‐to‐noise ratio related to voice quality. The effects of MCT on the fundamental frequency changes could not be verified. Further contributions of high‐quality randomized control trials are needed to support evidence‐based practice in laryngology. Laryngoscope, 134:18–26, 2024
Improved agronomic practices and high yielding rice varieties maintain soil health and enhance yield and energy use efficiency under shifting cultivation landscapes of easternHimalayas
Authors: Layek Jayanta , Das Anup , Mishra V. K. , Lal R. , Krishnappa R. , Hazarika S. , Mohapatra K. P. , Ansari M. A. , Pramanick B. , Kumar M. , Ramkrushna G. I. , Saha S. , Babu Subhash , Tahashildar M.
Published: June 2023

Low productivity, depletion of soil fertility, and inefficient energy use are the major challenges of fragile Jhum (shifting cultivation: 280 M ha worldwide) agro‐ecosystems in north eastern Himalaya. Farmers' participatory field trials were conducted in sloping lands of Meghalaya, India over 3 years to identify suitable agronomic management practices and input responsive rice genotypes for sustaining soil health and enhance carrying capacity of Jhum land. Eleven genotypes of rice (six high yielding varieties [HYVs] and five landraces) were tested under two management practices, namely, improved Jhum (line‐sowing in contour, 50% recommended dose of nutrients (RDN) + farm yard manure 5 Mg ha−1with two hand weeding operations) and traditional Jhum (broadcasting, no manure/fertilizer/pesticides, and single hand weeding) as reference. Improved Jhum practices significantly increased (p = 0.05) rice yield (103.8%–133.7%), improved soil health, farm profitability, net energy output, and energy intensity. The HYVs of rice, namely, RCM 5, Bhalum‐3, and IURON 514 (1.92–1. 96 Mg ha−1) significantly out yielded local landraces, namely, Mannar, Kbaslu, Kba Khasi, Pnahiong, and Pnahlaispah (1.44–1.65 Mg ha−1). The soils under improved Jhum practices had significantly higher SOC (16.9 g kg−1), available N (278.2 kg ha−1), P2O5% (12.8 kg ha−1), K (217.1 kg ha−1), and more water infiltration rate (74.1 mm h−1) over traditional practice after 3 years of our present study. The rice yield for second and third year of cropping were also significantly higher (p = 0.05) under improved Jhum practices (2.23 and 2.01 Mg ha−1, respectively) as compared to traditional Jhum.The net income enhanced by 53% and 85 to 104.6% owing to adoption of improved Jhum and HYVs over local practice and genotypes, respectively. Hence, growing HYVs of rice, namely, RCM 5, Bhalum‐3, and IURON 514 along with improved agronomic practices are recommended for achieving higher productivity, extending carrying capacity, and sustaining soil health in Jhum ecosystems of north eastern Himalaya.
Spatial Frequency Manipulation of a Quartz Crystal for Phase‐Matched Second‐Harmonic Vacuum Ultraviolet Generation
Authors: Shao Mingchuan , Liang Fei , Zhang Zhongmian , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin
Published: June 2023

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is the nonlinear response of electrons to high‐intensity light and has been successfully applied in basic scientific research and modern optoelectronics. However, constrained by stringent but essential phase‐matching conditions, efficient vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) SHG is still a challenge in solid‐state lasers. Here, this work employs a spatial frequency manipulation strategy to realize artificially structured phase‐matching conditions in ordinary quartz crystals for efficient frequency doubling in the VUV range. Phase‐matched VUV SHG at wavelengths of 177.3 and 167.8 nm is realized with unprecedented output power and conversion efficiency. The design strategy releases the phase‐matching condition for nonlinear optics and provides a way to study light–matter nonlinear interactions, and the present sources should be helpful for the development of VUV photonics, including high‐resolution angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy and Al+ optical clocks.
Highly Efficient Top‐Emitting Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Record‐Breaking External Quantum Efficiency of over 44.5%
Authors: Li Haotao , Zhou Shiming , Chen Shuming
Published: June 2023

Top‐emitting (TE) quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) can exhibit higher light outcoupling efficiency (OCE) compared to bottom‐emitting (BE) QLEDs due to the eliminated substrate mode and enhanced microcavity effect. In this study, TE QLEDs with an OCE of over 45% are realized by simultaneously optimizing the thicknesses of both indium‐zinc‐oxide (IZO) phase tuning layers and IZO top transparent electrodes. To reduce the resistance, the IZO top electrodes are equipped with an auxiliary metal electrode. Consequently, the red QLEDs demonstrate a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 38.2%. Furthermore, by applying a scattering layer on the IZO top electrode, the red QLEDs demonstrate record‐breaking efficiencies of EQE 44.5%, power efficiency 92.2 lm W−1, and current efficiency 93.7 cd A−1. The proposed device architecture and optimization strategy contribute to a new design scheme for the preparation of highly efficient QLEDs for displays and lighting applications.
pH‐temperature Responsive Hydrogel‐Mediated Delivery of Exendin‐4 Encapsulated Chitosan Nanospheres for Sustained Therapeutic Efficacy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Trinh Thuy An , Le Thai Minh Duy , Nguyen Hien Thi‐Thanh , Nguyen Thanh Loc , Kim Jaeyun , Huynh Dai Phu , Lee Doo Sung
Published: June 2023

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is a chronic, obesity‐related, and inflammatory disorder characterize by insulin resistance, inadequate insulin secretion, hyperglycemia, and excessive glucagon secretion. Exendin‐4 (EX), a clinically established antidiabetic medication that acts as a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, is effective in lowering glucose levels and stimulating insulin secretion while significantly reducing hunger. However, the requirement for multiple daily injections due to EX's short half‐life is a significant limitation in its clinical application, leading to high treatment costs and patient inconvenience. To address this issue, an injectable hydrogel system is developed that can provide sustained EX release at the injection site, reducing the need for daily injections. In this study, the electrospray technique is examine to form EX@CS nanospheres by electrostatic interaction between cationic chitosan (CS) and negatively charged EX. These nanospheres are uniformly dispersed in a pH‐temperature responsive pentablock copolymer, which forms micelles and undergoes sol‐to‐gel transition at physiological conditions. Following injection, the hydrogel gradually degraded, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility. The EX@CS nanospheres are subsequently released, maintaining therapeutic levels for over 72 h compared to free EX solution. The findings demonstrate that the pH‐temperature responsive hydrogel system containing EX@CS nanospheres can be a promising platform for the treatment of T2D.
Variable s(·)‐order Kirchhoff‐type problem with a p(·)‐fractional Laplace operator
Authors: Mirzapour Maryam , Alizadeh Afrouzi Ghasem , Xu Jiafa
Published: June 2023

This paper deals with the existence and multiplicity of weak solutions for the following Kirchhoff‐type problem

where
models a Kirchhoff coefficient and
is a variable
‐order
‐fractional Laplace operator, with
and
. Here,
is a bounded smooth domain with
for any
. By using the mountain pass theorem of Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz and Ekeland's variational principle in two cases when the Carathéodory function
having special structure, we establish conditions ensuring the multiplicity results.
Broadband eight‐way substrate integrated coaxial line power divider with high isolation
Authors: Song Kaijun , Zou Xinjun , Hu Jianwei , Kong Te , Fan Yong
Published: June 2023

This article presents a broadband substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) radial power divider with high output isolation. The proposed power divider mainly consists of input impedance matching circuits, microstrip isolation circuits, and radial SICL circuits. The two‐layer substrate of the input impedance matching circuit acts as a quasi‐coaxial structure and is connected to the coaxial input port to provide the function of impedance matching. The star‐type microstrip isolation circuits are employed to enhance the isolation performance between the output ports of the power divider. Two designed substrates sandwiching the air cavity layer constitute the radial SICL circuit, and the input microwave signal is evenly divided into 8 channels of signals with the same power. The designed power divider using SICL technology has the characteristics of supporting transverse electromagnetic mode transmission, being broadband, and compatible with substrate integration. A prototype of the multi‐layers eight‐way SICL power divider is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show that the relative bandwidth of 15 dB input/output return loss is 34% and 43%, respectively. The absolute bandwidth of 15 dB input/output return loss is 5–7 GHz and 4.5–7.1 GHz, respectively, and the isolation between output ports is greater than 20 dB in the above frequency bands.
Reconfigurable wearable antenna for 5G applications using nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Xia Yuanjie , Yuan Mengyao , Dobrea Alexandra , Li Chong , Heidari Hadi , Mottram Nigel , Ghannam Rami
Published: June 2023

The antenna is one of the key building blocks of many wearable electronic devices, and its functions include wireless communications, energy harvesting, and radiative wireless power transfer. In an effort to realize lightweight, autonomous, and battery‐less wearable devices, we demonstrate a reconfigurable antenna design for 5G wearable applications that requires ultra‐low driving voltages (0.4–0.6 V) and operates over a high frequency range (3.3–3.8 GHz). For smart glasses applications, previous antenna designs were ‘fixed’ and mounted on the eyeglass frame itself. Here, we demonstrate a reconfigurable design that could be achieved on the lens itself using an anisotropic liquid crystal (LC) material. We demonstrate how liquid crystal alignment and electric field patterns strongly influence the tuning capabilities of these antennas in the gigahertz range and present a smart, reconfigurable spiral antenna system with a liquid crystal substrate.
Phenobarbital versus benzodiazepines in alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Authors: Malone Deanna , Costin Blair N. , MacElroy Dawn , Al‐Hegelan Mashael , Thompson Julie , Bronshteyn Yuriy
Published: June 2023

Aim

Phenobarbital, a long‐acting barbiturate, presents an alternative to conventional benzodiazepine treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Currently, existing research offers only modest guidance on the safety and effectiveness of phenobarbital in managing AWS in hospital settings. The study objective was to assess if a phenobarbital protocol for the treatment of AWS reduces respiratory complications when compared to a more traditionally used benzodiazepine protocol.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study analyzing adults who received either phenobarbital or benzodiazepine‐based treatment for AWS over a 4‐year period, 2015–2019, in a community teaching hospital in a large academic medical system.

Results

A total of 147 patient encounters were included (76 phenobarbital and 71 benzodiazepine). Phenobarbital was associated with a significantly decreased risk of respiratory complications, defined by the occurrence of intubation (15/76 phenobarbital [20%] vs. 36/71 benzodiazepine [51%]) and decreased incidence of the requirement of six or greater liters of oxygen when compared with benzodiazepines (10/76 [13%] vs. 28/71 [39%]). There was a significantly higher incidence of pneumonia in benzodiazepine patients (15/76 [20%] vs. 33/71 [47%]). Mode Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) scores were more frequently at goal (0 to −1) between 9 and 48 h after the loading dose of study medication for phenobarbital patients. Median hospital and ICU length of stay were significantly shorter for phenobarbital patients when compared with benzodiazepine patients (5 vs. 10 days and 2 vs. 4 days, respectively).

Conclusion

Parenteral phenobarbital loading doses with an oral phenobarbital tapered protocol for AWS resulted in decreased risk of respiratory complications when compared to standard treatment with benzodiazepines.
Expression and role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors during midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Kato Takeshi , Nishimura Kaneyasu , Hirao Masahiro , Shimohama Shun , Takata Kazuyuki
Published: June 2023

Aim

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons modulate mDA neuronal activity. However, their expression patterns and functional roles during mDA neuronal development remain unknown. Here, we profiled the expression and function of nAChR subtypes during mDA neuron differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).

Methods

Midbrain dopaminergic neurons were differentiated from hiPSCs using a recently developed proprietary method that replicates midbrain development. The expression patterns of developmental marker proteins were monitored during mDA neuronal differentiation using immunohistochemical analysis. Gene expression of nAChR subtypes was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Pharmacological nAChR agonists and antagonists were used to reveal the role of the α6 nAChR subunit in the differentiation of mDA neurons from hiPSCs.

Results

CHRNA4 expression was detected at the mDA neural progenitor stage, whereas CHRNA6 expression began during the mDA neuronal stage. CHRNA7 was expressed throughout the differentiation process, including in the undifferentiated hiPSCs. We also found that LMO3, a gene expressed in a subset of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) DA neurons in the midbrain, showed increased expression following nicotine treatment in a concentration‐dependent manner. Additionally, 5‐iodo A85380, a selective α6 nAChR agonist, also increased LMO3 expression in hiPSC‐derived mDA neurons, and this increase was suppressed by simultaneous treatment with bPiDi, a selective α6 nAChR antagonist.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that stimulating the α6 nAChR subunit on hiPSC‐derived mDA neurons may induce neuronal maturation that is biased toward SNC DA neurons.
Healthy Lifestyle Beliefs Scale: Psychometric properties in Portuguese pregnant women
Authors: Nunes Maria A. , Almeida Sofia , Cardoso Alexandrina , Vieira Margarida , Melnyk Bernadette M.
Published: June 2023

Healthy lifestyle during pregnancy influences the pregnant woman's and child's physical and mental health, impacting perinatal outcomes. Healthy lifestyle beliefs are predictors of lifestyle behaviors, requiring a valid and reliable instrument to assess them during prenatal care. The 16‐item Healthy Lifestyle Belief Scale (HLBS) measures a person's beliefs about their ability to live a healthy lifestyle. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of the HLBS among pregnant women. A methodological study was developed in two phases: cross‐cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version in a nonprobability sample of 192 Portuguese pregnant women. The exploratory factor analysis suggested three subscales, which explained 53.8% of the total variance. Cronbach's α was 0.83 for the overall scale and for the subscales ranged between 0.71 and 0.81. The HLBS is a reliable and valid instrument to assist health professionals in assessing the ability of Portuguese pregnant women to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Assessing healthy lifestyle beliefs potentially contributes to the development of health behavior interventions in pregnant women and consequently improves perinatal outcomes through evidence‐based practices.
A low‐energy total diet replacement program demonstrates a favorable safety profile and improves liver disease severity in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Koutoukidis Dimitrios A. , Mozes Ferenc E. , Jebb Susan A. , Tomlinson Jeremy W. , Pavlides Michael , Saffioti Francesca , Huntriss Rosemary , Aveyard Paul , Cobbold Jeremy F.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Low‐energy diets are used to treat obesity and diabetes, but there are fears that they may worsen liver disease in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and significant‐to‐advanced fibrosis.

Methods

In this 24‐week single‐arm trial, 16 adults with NASH, fibrosis, and obesity received one‐to‐one remote dietetic support to follow a low‐energy (880 kcal/d) total diet replacement program for 12 weeks and stepped food reintroduction for another 12 weeks. Liver disease severity was blindly evaluated (magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction [MRI‐PDFF], iron‐corrected T1 [cT1], liver stiffness on magnetic resonance elastography [MRE], and liver stiffness on vibration‐controlled transient elastography [VCTE]). Safety signals included liver biochemical markers and adverse events.

Results

A total of 14 participants (87.5%) completed the intervention. Weight loss was 15% (95% CI: 11.2%–18.6%) at 24 weeks. Compared with baseline, MRI‐PDFF reduced by 13.1% (95% CI: 8.9%–16.7%), cT1 by 159 milliseconds (95% CI: 108–216.5), MRE liver stiffness by 0.4 kPa (95% CI: 0.1–0.8), and VCTE liver stiffness by 3.9 kPa (95% CI: 2.6–7.2) at 24 weeks. The proportions with clinically relevant reductions in MRI‐PDFF (≥30%), cT1 (≥88 milliseconds), MRE liver stiffness (≥19%), and VCTE liver stiffness (≥19%) were 93%, 77%, 57%, and 93%, respectively. Liver biochemical markers improved. There were no serious intervention‐related adverse events.

Conclusions

The intervention demonstrates high adherence, favorable safety profile, and promising efficacy as a treatment for NASH.

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