bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Effectiveness of Corrosion Resistance Growth by Application of Layered AlN–TiO2 Coatings
Authors: Moldabayeva Gulnaz Zh. , Kozlovskiy Artem L. , Kuldeyev Erzhan I. , Syzdykov Askar Kh. , Bakesheva Aigul
Published: March 2024

The work is devoted to the study of the use of AlN–TiO2 coatings as protective materials against corrosion and natural aging, as well as a rise in wear resistance of the steel surface under long-term mechanical influences. The choice of oxy-nitride coatings obtained by magnetron sputtering by layer-by-layer deposition of layers of aluminum nitride and titanium oxide with layer thicknesses of the order of 50 nm and 100 nm as objects of study is due to their high resistance to external influences, which can have a significant impact on growth in the resistance to degradation processes associated with hydrogenation during the operation of steel structures. During determination of the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of AlN–TiO2 coatings, it was found that the applied coatings, regardless of the conditions for their preparation, have hydrophobic properties (the contact angle is ~125–130°), which are preserved both during corrosion tests (except for TiO2 coatings, for which the change in the contact angle after corrosion tests is ∆ ~ 10°) and when modeling natural aging processes. During the tribological tests of coating samples, it was found that a growth in the number of spray layers (when alternating them) leads to a rise in wear resistance, both in the case of the initial samples and for samples subjected to corrosion in a model solution of 0.1 M NaCl and when simulating natural aging processes.
New Processing Route for the Production of Functionally Graded 7075 Al/SiCp Composites via a Combination of Semisolid Stirring and Sequential Squeeze Casting
Authors: Karaman Genc Serhan , Urkmez Taskin Nilhan
Published: March 2024

Advanced processing techniques are required to produce functionally graded metal matrix composites due to the metallurgical conditions required during production. In this study, we developed a novel approach for this task by using a combination of two different methods to produce functionally graded 7075 Al/SiCp (5–20 wt.%) composites. The first process was direct semisolid stirring, which was used to prevent particle agglomeration, brittle reaction products, floating or settling of the reinforcements, and poor wettability. The second process was sequential squeeze casting, which enabled liquid diffusion between the two composite layers that were used to produce a functionally graded aluminum matrix composite. Thus, a method was developed to eliminate the problems encountered in the production of particle-reinforced metal matrix composite materials using liquid stirring methods and to produce composite materials with the desired functionally graded structure. The resulting functionally graded material was subjected to spectrometer analyses, density measurements, and metallographic examinations to determine the characteristics of its layers and interfacial zones, as well as to assess the formation of the graded structure. The results indicate the potential of using this new combined manufacturing method, which is efficient and controllable, to produce functionally graded metal matrix composites.
Meaningful Patient Engagement in Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Cancer Research: A Framework for Qualitative Studies
Authors: Oveisi Niki , Cheng Vicki , Taylor Dani , Bechthold Haydn , Barnes Mikaela , Jansen Norman , McTaggart-Cowan Helen , Brotto Lori A. , Peacock Stuart , Hanley Gillian E. , Gill Sharlene , Rayar Meera , Srikanthan Amirrtha , De Vera Mary A.
Published: March 2024

Over the last two decades, patient engagement in cancer research has evolved significantly, especially in addressing the unique challenges faced by adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer populations. This paper introduces a framework for meaningful engagement with AYA cancer patient research partners, drawing insights from the “FUTURE” Study, a qualitative study that utilizes focus groups to explore the impact of cancer diagnosis and treatment on the sexual and reproductive health of AYA cancer patients in Canada. The framework’s development integrates insights from prior works and addresses challenges with patient engagement in research specific to AYA cancer populations. The framework is guided by overarching principles (safety, flexibility, and sensitivity) and includes considerations that apply across all phases of a research study (collaboration; iteration; communication; and equity, diversity, and inclusion) and tasks that apply to specific phases of a research study (developing, conducting, and translating the study). The proposed framework seeks to increase patient engagement in AYA cancer research beyond a supplementary aspect to an integral component for conducting research with impact on patients.
The Efficiency of Serum Biomarkers in Predicting the Clinical Outcome of Patients with Mesenteric Ischemia during Follow-Up: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mihaileanu Florin Vasile , Popa Stefan Lucian , Grad Simona , Dumitrascu Dinu Iuliu , Ismaiel Abdulrahman , Rus Eliza , Brata Vlad Dumitru , Padureanu Alexandru Marius , Dita Miruna Oana , Turtoi Daria Claudia , Duse Traian Adrian , Badulescu Andrei Vlad , Bottalico Paolo , Chiarioni Giuseppe , Pop Cristina , Mogosan Cristina , Barsan Maria , Gherman Claudia Diana , Stancu Bogdan , David Liliana
Published: March 2024

The initial clinical manifestation of acute mesenteric ischemia poses a diagnostic challenge, often leading to delays in identification and subsequent surgical intervention, contributing to adverse outcomes. Serum biomarkers, offering insights into the underlying pathophysiology, hold promise as prognostic indicators for acute mesenteric ischemia. This systematic review comprehensively explores the role of blood biomarkers in predicting clinical outcomes during follow-up for patients with mesenteric ischemia. A thorough literature search across the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases yielded 33 relevant publications investigating the efficacy of serum biomarkers in predicting outcomes for mesenteric ischemia. Numerous studies underscore the utility of blood biomarkers in swiftly and accurately differentiating between causes of mesenteric ischemia, facilitating a prompt diagnosis. Elevated levels of specific biomarkers, particularly D-dimers, consistently correlate with heightened mortality risk and poorer clinical outcomes. While certain serum indicators exhibit substantial potential in associating with mesenteric ischemia, further research through rigorous human trials is imperative to enhance their consistent predictive ability during the follow-up period. This study underscores the diagnostic and prognostic significance of specific biomarkers for mesenteric ischemia, emphasizing the necessity for standardized procedures in future investigations.
Application of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Evaluation the Activity of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Wang Ying , Wei Li , Ge Wen-Song , Duan You-Rong , Ding Wen-Jun , Lu Xiu-Yun , Huang Yun-Lin , Chen Sheng , Dong Yi , Du Peng
Published: March 2024

Background and Objective: The dynamic assessment of disease activity during the follow-up of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) remains a significant challenge. In this study, we aimed to identify the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) in the evaluation of activity of CD. Methods: In the retrospective study, patients diagnosed with CD in our hospital were included. All the diagnoses were confirmed by clinical symptoms and ileocolonoscopical results. All patients underwent intestinal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examinations within 1 week of the ileocolonoscopy examinations. Acuson Sequoia (Siemens Healthineers, Mountain View, CA, USA) and Resona R9 Elite (Mindray Medical Systems, China) with curved array and Line array transducers were used. The CEUS examination was performed with SonoVue (Bracco SpA, Milan, Italy). DCE-US analysis was performed by UltraOffice (version: 0.3-2010, Mindray Medical Systems, China) software. Two regions of interest (ROIs) were set in the anterior section of the infected bowel wall and its surrounding normal bowel wall 2 cm distant from the inflamed area. Time–intensity curves (TICs) were generated and quantitative perfusion parameters were obtained after curve fittings. The Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD) was regarded as the reference standard to evaluate the activity of CD. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were used to determine the diagnostic efficiency of DCE-US quantitative parameters. Results: From March 2023 to November 2023, 52 CD patients were included. According to SES-CD score, all patients were divided into active group with the SES-CD score > 5 (n = 39) and inactive group SES-CD score < 5 (n = 13). Most of the active CD patients showed bowel wall thickness (BWT) > 4.2 mm (97.4%, 38/39) or mesenteric fat hypertrophy (MFH) on intestinal ultrasound (US) scan (69.2%, 27/39). Color Doppler signal of the bowel wall mostly showed spotty or short striped blood flow signal in active CD patients (56.4%, 22/39). According to CEUS enhancement patterns, most active CD patients showed a complete hyperenhancement of the entire intestinal wall (61.5%, 24/39). The TICs of active CD showed an earlier enhancement, higher peak intensity, and faster decline. Among all CEUS quantitative parameters, amplitude-derived parameters peak enhancement (PE), wash-in area under the curve (WiAUC), wash-in rate (WiR), wash-in perfusion index (WiPI), and wash-out rate (WoR) were significantly higher in active CD than in inactive CD (p < 0.05). The combined AUROC of intestinal ultrasound features and DCE-US quantitative perfusion parameters in the diagnosis of active CD was 0.987, with 97.4% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 98.1% accuracy. Conclusions: DCE-US with quantitative perfusion parameters is a potential useful noninvasive imaging method to evaluate the activity of Crohn’s disease.
A Novel Influence Analysis-Based University Major Similarity Study
Authors: Zhang Ningqi , Li Qingyun , Wu Sissi Xiaoxiao , Zhu Junjie , Han Jie
Published: March 2024

In the field of education, investigating the relationships between different majors in universities is an important topic in current educational research. The application of social networks from informatics provides new opportunities and potentials for the field of education. Due to the complexity of social interactions, the social network connections surrounding individuals exert a significant influence on their daily decision-making processes. This paper aims to introduce the social network and influence analysis theories from informatics into the field of education, regarding major as a variable, and comparing and analyzing the influence relationships between majors. An empirical study was conducted, involving the collection of questionnaire data on graduates’ evaluations of various aspects of their university experiences across different majors. The evolution of this model follows the DeGroot opinion dynamics with the inclusion of stubborn nodes. By defining leader majors and general majors based on the data and modeling the questionnaire data as the outcome of a discrete random process, an influence matrix is ultimately generated through the opinion dynamic model. Through this modeling approach, we revealed the underlying influence relationships between different disciplines (majors). These findings provide schools with insights to adjust the directions of discipline cultivation, and offer new perspectives and methods for the study of majors in higher education.
Assessing the Performance of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Using Synthetic Hydrogen Fuel
Authors: Bacquart Thomas , Storms Ward , Moore Niamh , Olden James , Morris Abigail Siân Olivia , Hookham Mathew , Murugan Arul , Mattelaer Vincent
Published: March 2024

The deployment of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) is critical to achieve zero emissions. A key parameter influencing FCEV performance and durability is hydrogen fuel quality. The real impact of contaminants on FCEV performance is not well understood and requires reliable measurements from real-life events (e.g., hydrogen fuel in poor-performing FCEVs) and controlled studies on the impact of synthetic hydrogen fuel on FCEV performance. This paper presents a novel methodology to flow traceable hydrogen synthetic fuel directly into the FCEV tank. Four different synthetic fuels containing N2 (90–200 µmol/mol), CO (0.14–5 µmol/mol), and H2S (4–11 nmol/mol) were supplied to an FCEV and subsequently sampled and analyzed. The synthetic fuels containing known contaminants powered the FCEV and provided real-life performance testing of the fuel cell system. The results showed, for the first time, that synthetic hydrogen fuel can be used in FCEVs without the requirement of a large infrastructure. In addition, this study carried out a traceable H2 contamination impact study with an FCEV. The impact of CO and H2S at ISO 14687:2019 threshold levels on FCEV performance showed that small exceedances of the threshold levels had a significant impact, even for short exposures. The methodology proposed can be deployed to evaluate the composition of any hydrogen fuel.
Environmental Assessment of a Waste-to-Energy Cascading System Integrating Forestry Residue Pyrolysis and Poultry Litter Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Mediboyina Maneesh Kumar , Murphy Fionnuala
Published: March 2024

Poultry and forestry waste residues, despite their environmental concerns, offer nutrient-rich content and wider availability. Utilising them in cascading approaches can create high-value products and establish new value chains in bioeconomy. This study aims to evaluate the environmental consequences of coupling forestry residue pyrolysis and poultry litter anaerobic digestion processes in a waste-to-energy cascading system. Moreover, a scenario analysis was conducted considering six scenarios with varying total solids loading with biochar (8%, 15%, and 28%) and final energy products (bioelectricity and upgraded biomethane). Life cycle assessment (LCA) results demonstrated a net reduction in selected potential impact categories across all scenarios, though with considerable variation in mitigation levels among them. Analysis revealed a major influence of selection of biogas utilisation pathway (electricity/biomethane) on overall impacts. The displaced processes such as natural gas contributed majorly towards the reduction in climate change and fossil depletion, whereas electricity grid mix contributed to terrestrial acidification and freshwater eutrophication. This study suggests that integrating pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion processes effectively valorises poultry and forestry residue waste, presenting a promising opportunity for promoting new value chains within Ireland’s bioeconomy. This approach enhances bioresource utilisation, resulting in the production of value-added products with reduced environmental costs.
On the Way to Utilizing Green Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier—A Case of Northern Sweden
Authors: Zhong Jin , Bollen Math H. J.
Published: March 2024

Low or even zero carbon dioxide emissions will be an essential requirement for energy supplies in the near future. Besides transport and electricity generation, industry is another large carbon emitter. Hydrogen produced by renewable energy provides a flexible way of utilizing that energy. Hydrogen, as an energy carrier, could be stored in a large capacity compared to electricity. In Sweden, hydrogen will be used to replace coal for steel production. This paper discusses how the need for electricity to produce hydrogen will affect the electricity supply and power flow in the Swedish power grid, and whether it will result in increased emissions in other regions. Data of the Swedish system will be used to study the feasibility of implementing the hydrogen system from the power system viewpoint, and discuss the electricity price and emission issues caused by the hydrogen production in different scenarios. This paper concludes that the Swedish power grid is feasible for accommodating the additional electricity capacity requirement of producing green hydrogen for the steel industry. The obtained results could be references for decision makers, investors, and power system operators.
Probabilistic Design Methods for Gust-Based Loads on Wind Turbines
Authors: Abhinav K. A. , Sørensen John D. , Hammerum Keld , Nielsen Jannie S.
Published: March 2024

The IEC 61400-1 standard specifies design load cases (DLCs) to be considered in the design of wind turbine structures. Specifically, DLC 2.3 considers the occurrence of a gust while the turbine shuts down due to an electrical fault. Originally, this load case used a deterministic wind event called the extreme operating gust (EOG), but the standard now also includes an approach for calculating the extreme response based on stochastic simulations with turbulent wind. This study presents and compares existing approaches with novel probabilistic design approaches for DLC 2.3 based on simulations with turbulent wind. First, a semiprobabilistic approach is proposed, where the inverse first-order reliability method (iFORM) is used for the extrapolation of the response for electrical faults occurring at a given rate. Next, three probabilistic approaches are formulated for the calculation of the reliability index, which differs in how the aggregation is performed over wind conditions and whether faults are modeled using a Poisson distribution or just by the rate. An example illustrates the methods considering the tower fore-aft bending moment at the tower base and shows that the approach based on iFORM can lead to reductions in material usage compared to the existing methods. For reliability assessment, the probabilistic approach using the Poisson process is needed for high failure rates, and the reliabilities obtained for designs using all semiprobabilistic methods are above the target level, indicating that further reductions may be obtained via the use of probabilistic design methods.
Analysis of Losses Associated with Series Resistance (Rs) in Simple-Structured c-Si Solar Cells
Authors: Heredia-Rios Manuel J. , Hernandez-Martinez Luis , Linares-Aranda Monico , Moreno-Moreno Mario , Méndez Javier Flores
Published: March 2024

The assessment of photovoltaic devices, which convert light energy into electricity, has become significantly more relevant due to the aspiration to reduce pollution on a global scale. In this context, the pursuit of optimizing the efficiency of converting light energy into electrical energy involves exhaustive studies and structural analyses of solar cells, all directed toward achieving this goal. This study introduces a research proposal aimed at analyzing the losses associated with series resistance (Rs). The analysis takes into account each component comprising this resistance, proposing a network of resistances that precisely models each of these elements. The aforementioned research focused on simple-structured crystalline silicon cells. During this investigation, the junction depth (xj) of the n-p materials was varied, with the aim of achieving efficiencies in the range of 12%. However, in the pursuit of this desired efficiency, a significant impact on series resistance was observed when analyzing the I-V curves of the cells obtained in each manufacturing process.
A Comprehensive Review of the Thermohydraulic Improvement Potentials in Solar Air Heaters through an Energy and Exergy Analysis
Authors: Hassan Ali , Nikbakht Ali M. , Fawzia Sabrina , Yarlagadda Prasad , Karim Azharul
Published: March 2024

Supply disruptions, uncertainty, and unprecedented price rises of fossil fuels due to the recent pandemic and war have highlighted the importance of using renewable sources to meet energy demands. Solar air collectors (SACs) are major types of solar energy systems that can be utilized for space and water heating, drying, and thermal energy storage. Although there is sufficient documentation on the thermal analyses of SACs, no comprehensive reviews of the exergetic performance or qualitative insight on heat conversion are available. The primary objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on the optimum conditions at which the thermal performance of diverse types of solar air collectors is optimized. The effect of operating parameters such as temperature rise, flow rate, geometric parameters, solar radiation, and the Reynolds number on the thermal performance of SACs in terms of thermal hydraulic performance, energy, and exergy efficiencies has been reviewed adaptively. Beyond the operating parameters, a deep investigation is outlined to monitor fluid dynamics using analytical and computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) methodologies in the technology of SACs. In the third phase, thermodynamic irreversibility due to optical losses, thermal losses between absorber and environment, heat losses due to insulation, edge losses, and entropy generation are reported and discussed, which serve as the fundamental tools for optimization purposes.
Current Status of Helium Resource Research and Prediction of Favorable Areas for Helium Reservoir in China
Authors: Xiong Ye , Jiang Shan , Yi Jingjing , Ding Yi
Published: March 2024

As an unconventional oil and gas reservoir, helium gas reservoirs have gradually become a focus of attention. In recent years, with the continuous increase in demand for helium gas, the uneven distribution of global helium resources has attracted China’s attention to helium resources. In this study, a method for predicting favorable areas of helium gas was proposed based on the natural gas exploration theory and the idea of “finding gas in enrichment areas”. We conducted an in-depth study and analysis of the types of helium gas formations in China by comprehensively using geochemical and isotope-testing data, identifying the distribution of helium source rocks in China. Based on this, we conducted directed analyses of the transport channels and caprock conditions for helium gas, and summarized the enrichment modes of helium gas. Using this method, we predicted five favorable areas for the enrichment of helium gas in China, providing an important basis for the future exploration and development of helium resources in China.
Decrease in Inorganic Nitrogen and Net Nitrogen Transformation Rates with Biochar Application in a Warm-Temperate Broadleaved Forest
Authors: Yasuki Natsumi , Saso Wakana , Koizumi Hiroshi , Iimura Yasuo , Ohtsuka Toshiyuki , Yoshitake Shinpei
Published: March 2024

Changes in soil nutrient dynamics after biochar application may affect indirect carbon sequestration through changes in plant productivity in forest ecosystems. In the present study, we examined the effects of woody biochar application on soil nitrogen (N) cycling over 8 months in a warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest. Mineral soil samples were collected from the plots treated with different biochar applications (0, 5, and 10 Mg ha−1), and the soil inorganic N concentration was measured. Net mineralization and nitrification rates were determined in each plot using the resin–core method. Soil temperature and water content did not change significantly, but the pH increased significantly following biochar application. Soil inorganic N concentrations (NH4+ and NO3−) and net N transformation rates (mineralization and nitrification rates) were significantly reduced. Microbial biomass and the nitrification ratio (the ratio of nitrification rate to mineralization rate) were unchanged, indicating that the decrease in soil inorganic N concentration was due to the reduced mineralization rate. Adsorption of substrates (from organic matter) by the applied biochar is the most likely reason for the reduction in the N mineralization rate. The results indicate that biochar application does not necessarily stimulate N transformation, which will affect indirect carbon sequestration.
Mushroom Picking as a Special Form of Recreation and Tourism in Woodland Areas—A Case Study of Poland
Authors: Jalinik Mikołaj , Pawłowicz Tomasz , Borowik Piotr , Oszako Tomasz
Published: March 2024

The paper looks at the potential benefits of mushrooms in terms of health, recreation, and tourism. Mycotourism is an innovative, specialised tourism product that has been successfully introduced in some regions of the world, helping to combat seasonality and promote economic development in rural areas. The aim of the study was to analyse the development of mycotourism in Poland in comparison with other countries. As a method, a questionnaire on the cultural significance of mushrooms was developed and disseminated via social media. It was found that there are strong mycophilic tendencies in Poland, leading to a strong interest in mushrooms, both in terms of cultural and culinary traditions. They are also a factor that attracts tourists to the forest areas. In contrast, the UK and Germany are more mycophobic, resulting in a lower interest in mushrooms, limited culinary use, and a lower awareness of their role in the ecosystem and their potential health benefits. The low average score for knowledge of mushrooms in countries such as the UK indicates a need for increased mycological education that can contribute to a better understanding of the conservation of these important components of the forest floor. The high proportion of people who see mushroom picking in Poland as a form of recreation emphasises its role as an important cultural and potential nature tourism asset. In Poland, where long traditions are associated with mushrooms and mushroom picking, they have a strong influence on the choice of mycological tourism, especially in regions with a rich tradition of mushroom picking. The high percentage of mushrooms used for culinary purposes, especially in Poland, emphasises their value and influences the health component of the diet, which is rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Research has shown that mushroom consumption and its effects on health are perceived positively. This is evidenced by higher ratings in Poland than in the UK and Germany, indicating a general awareness of the health benefits of mushrooms, even though their use in medicine remains limited. The low level of awareness of the role of mushrooms and their potential health benefits suggests that educational and promotional activities should be increased to sensitise the public to mushrooms.
Nursery Cultivation Strategies for a Widespread Mangrove (Kandelia obovata Sheue & al.): Evaluating the Influence of Salinity, Growth Media, and Genealogy
Authors: Zhou Jinghang , Yang Jingjun , Qin Jie , Li Jinhua , Liu Xiu , Wei Penglian
Published: March 2024

Mangrove plant seedling cultivation is crucial for the protection, management, and restoration of the mangrove ecosystem. In this study, we focused on Kandelia obovata Sheue & al., a typical mangrove, and evaluated nursery cultivation with different combinations of three salinity levels (S1: 0 ppt, S2: 10 ppt, and S3: 20 ppt), three genealogies (EZD, JX, and YZ), and five growth media (M1: 100% loess, M2: 100% sandy, M3: 50% loess + 50% sandy, M4: 40% loess + 40% sandy + 20% peat, and M5: 40% loess + 40% sandy + 20% coir), by measuring the growth parameters such as mortality rate, seedling height, seedling diameter, and biomass partition. These growth indexes were significantly affected by salinity and medium, and genealogies also had significant effects on mortality rate and biomass accumulation. S2 or S3 both had lower mortality and higher growth indexes than S1. M1 was the medium that increased seedling height, diameter, and biomass the most and had the lowest death rate. EZD and JX were also at higher levels than YZ in these indicators, but the difference between them was not obvious. S3, M1, and EZD consistently performed well in fuzzy evaluation and quality assessment (Dickson quality index: 1.179, 1.478, and 1.089, respectively). Furthermore, combinations involving these treatments also produced highly favorable results. This indicates that the quality of seedlings produced under these conditions was high. These results furnish both a theoretical and practical foundation for advancing nursery cultivation techniques and germplasm breeding of K. obovata in mangroves.
Properties of Hybrid Plywood Produced by Utilisation of Peeler Cores
Authors: Koynov Daniel , Antov Petar , Valyova Miglena , Savov Viktor , Dochev Iliyan , Lee Seng Hua
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research work was to investigate the feasibility of upcycling poplar (Populus spp.) peeler cores as a by-product from the production of plywood in manufacturing lightweight hybrid poplar and beech plywood panels, containing different ratios (60%, 80%, and 100%) of peeler core sections in the core layer. This corresponds to effective percentages of panel surface glued with peeler core slides of 80%, 64%, and 48%, respectively. The physical properties (density, water absorption, and thickness swelling) and mechanical properties (bending strength (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE)) of the laboratory-fabricated hybrid panels were determined in accordance with the applicable European standards (EN 310, EN 317, and EN 323). The highest MOE and MOR values of 3575 N·mm−2 and 28.1 N·mm−2, respectively, were obtained for the hybrid poplar plywood panels with a thickness of 20 mm and 100% peeler core sections. The use of beech veneer in the face layers did not lead to a significant increase in the mechanical properties. In this case, the MOE and MOR values of the hybrid plywood panels with a thickness of 20 mm and 80% peeler core sections were 5954 N·mm−2 and 35.2 N·mm−2, respectively.
Multi-Omics Analysis of the Co-Regulation of Wood Alcohol Accumulation in Baijiu Fermentation
Authors: Liu Tong , Cao Qingqing , Yang Fan , Lu Jianjun , Zeng Xianglian , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Tu Huabin , Liu Yanfeng
Published: March 2024

Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, is a common hazardous by-product of alcoholic beverage fermentation and serves as a crucial indicator for assessing the safety of alcoholic beverages. However, the metabolic mechanisms of methanol production during the solid-state fermentation of Chinese Baijiu remain unclear. In this study, we sought to determine the primary stage of methanol production in Chinese Baijiu by measuring the methanol content at different stages of fermentation. High-throughput multi-omics sequencing techniques were employed to elucidate methanol metabolic pathways and associated microorganisms. In addition, a comprehensive analysis incorporating environmental factors and microbial interactions was conducted to explore their combined effects on methanol production. Methanol was predominantly produced during pit fermentation, with the most significant increase observed within the first seven days. Microorganisms such as Pichia kudriavzevii, Byssochlamys spectabilis, Penicillium, and Aspergillus played a regulatory role in methanol content during the first seven days through their involvement in butyrate and methane metabolic pathways and pectin degradation modules. During Baijiu production, various types of molds and yeasts participate in methanol production. Differences in their abundance within fermentation cycles may contribute to variations in methanol content between stages. Lactobacillus accumulated abundantly in the first seven days in each stage, suppressing methanol-metabolizing microorganisms. In addition, the increased acidity resulting from Lactobacillus metabolism may indirectly promote methanol generation.
On More Than Fish Eponyms. Book Review: Beolens et al. Eponym Dictionary of Fishes; Whittle Publishing: Caithness, UK, 2023; ISBN: 978-1-84995-498-3
Authors: Pauly Daniel
Published: March 2024

This review deals with the magnificent and monumental ‘Eponym Dictionary of Fishes’, which provides nearly 6500 short biographical sketches for the persons whose name is part of the scientific name (genus and/or species epithet) of a fish formally described before this book was completed, i [...]
Underwater Shock Wave-Enhanced Cavitation to Induce Morphological Changes and Cell Permeabilization in Microscopic Fungi
Authors: Martínez-Maldonado Miguel A. , Millán-Chiu Blanca E. , Fernández Francisco , Larrañaga Daniel , Gómez-Lim Miguel A. , Loske Achim M.
Published: March 2024

Since the discovery of extracorporeal lithotripsy, there has been an increased interest in studying shock wave-induced cavitation, both to improve this technique and to explore novel biotechnological applications. As shock waves propagate through fluids, pre-existing microbubbles undergo expansion and collapse, emitting high-speed microjets. These microjets play a crucial role in the pulverization of urinary stones during lithotripsy and have been utilized in the delivery of drugs and genetic materials into cells. Their intensity can be amplified using tandem shock waves, generated so that the second wave reaches the bubbles, expanded by the first wave, during their collapse. Nevertheless, there is little information regarding the control of microjet emissions. This study aimed to demonstrate that specific effects can be obtained by tuning the delay between the first and second shock waves. Suspensions containing Aspergillus niger, a microscopic fungus that produces metabolites with high commercial value, were exposed to single-pulse and tandem shock waves. Morphological changes were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Proteins released into the medium after shock wave exposure were also studied. Our findings suggest that, with enhanced control over cavitation, the detachment of proteins using conventional methods could be significantly optimized in future studies.
Argentinian Rose Petals as a Source of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Compounds
Authors: Baibuch Sabrina Y. , Schelegueda Laura I. , Bonifazi Evelyn , Cabrera Gabriela , Mondragón Portocarrero Alicia C. , Franco Carlos M. , Malec Laura S. , Campos Carmen A.
Published: March 2024

The total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents were evaluated in 11 cultivars of Argentinian roses of different colors. HPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS was used to identify the components where ellagic and quinic acids, quercetin, and kaempferol glycosylated derivatives were found. The phenolic contents ranged from 78.8 ± 3.2 to 203.4 ± 3.1 mg GAE/g dw, the flavonoid content ranged from 19.1 ± 3.8 to 125.9 ± 6.5 mg QE/g dw, and the anthocyanin content ranged from less than 0.01 to 5.8 ± 0.1 mg CE/g dw. The dark red cultivars exhibited the greatest levels of the analyzed compounds and of the antioxidant activities, even higher than those of certain plants known for their high phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the addition of these extracts decreased the population of L. innocua and P. aeruginosa to undetectable levels 24 h after inoculation. Rose petal extracts, mainly those with a dark red color, can be used as natural additives in food, feed, and cosmetics, as they contain a high proportion of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.
Bacillus subtilis Edible Films for Strawberry Preservation: Antifungal Efficacy and Quality at Varied Temperatures
Authors: Torres-García Jesús Rubén , Leonardo-Elias Arnulfo , Angoa-Pérez María Valentina , Villar-Luna Edgar , Arias-Martínez Sergio , Oyoque-Salcedo Guadalupe , Oregel-Zamudio Ernesto
Published: March 2024

Fungal infestations, particularly from Rhizopus stolonifer, pose significant post-harvest challenges for strawberries, compromising their shelf life and quality. Traditional preservation methods, including refrigeration, offer limited protection against such pathogens. This study introduces an innovative approach, utilizing edible films infused with Bacillus subtilis strains GOS 01 B-67748 and HFC 103, known for their antifungal properties. We demonstrate that these bioactive films not only inhibit fungal growth effectively but also enhance the preservation of strawberries at varying temperatures. The inclusion of Bacillus subtilis in edible films represents a significant advancement in extending the viability of strawberries, surpassing the efficacy of conventional methods. Our findings suggest a promising avenue for natural, safe food preservation techniques, aligning with current consumer preferences for additive-free products. This research contributes to the broader understanding of microbial-based food preservation strategies, offering potential applications across a range of perishable commodities.
Theoretical Studies of DNA Microarray Present Potential Molecular and Cellular Interconnectivity of Signaling Pathways in Immune System Dysregulation
Authors: Garcia Jon Patrick T. , Tayo Lemmuel L.
Published: March 2024

Autoimmunity is defined as the inability to regulate immunological activities in the body, especially in response to external triggers, leading to the attack of the tissues and organs of the host. Outcomes include the onset of autoimmune diseases whose effects are primarily due to dysregulated immune responses. In past years, there have been cases that show an increased susceptibility to other autoimmune disorders in patients who are already experiencing the same type of disease. Research in this field has started analyzing the potential molecular and cellular causes of this interconnectedness, bearing in mind the possibility of advancing drugs and therapies for the treatment of autoimmunity. With that, this study aimed to determine the correlation of four autoimmune diseases, which are type 1 diabetes (T1D), psoriasis (PSR), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by identifying highly preserved co-expressed genes among datasets using WGCNA. Functional annotation was then employed to characterize these sets of genes based on their systemic relationship as a whole to elucidate the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions of the pathways they are involved in. Lastly, drug repurposing analysis was performed to screen candidate drugs for repositioning that could regulate the abnormal expression of genes among the diseases. A total of thirteen modules were obtained from the analysis, the majority of which were associated with transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modification processes. Also, the evaluation based on KEGG suggested the possible role of TH17 differentiation in the simultaneous onset of the four diseases. Furthermore, clomiphene was the top drug candidate for regulating overexpressed hub genes; meanwhile, prilocaine was the top drug for regulating under-expressed hub genes. This study was geared towards utilizing transcriptomics approaches for the assessment of microarray data, which is different from the use of traditional genomic analyses. Such a research design for investigating correlations among autoimmune diseases may be the first of its kind.
The Tip of the Iceberg: Genotype of Puerto Rican Pediatric Obesity
Authors: Melendez-Montañez Jesus M. , De Jesus-Rojas Wilfredo
Published: March 2024

Childhood obesity is a significant public health concern, particularly among Hispanic populations. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic predisposition to obesity in Puerto Rican children of Hispanic descent, addressing a notable gap in existing research. A cohort of 103 children with obesity and hyperphagia underwent genetic screening for rare obesity-related variants. Clinical assessments and family history evaluations were conducted to characterize the demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort. Genetic testing revealed a high prevalence of variants, with 73% of subjects having at least one reported variant. Pathogenic variants, predominantly associated with obesity-related ciliopathies, were identified in 7% of cases. Additionally, 90% of cases had variants of uncertain significance, highlighting the complexity of genetic contributions to obesity. This study emphasizes the critical need for further investigation into the genetic foundations of obesity, particularly within Hispanic communities. The findings emphasize the importance of early medical evaluation, vigilant monitoring for hyperphagia onset, and targeted interventions tailored to the unique genetic landscape of Puerto Rican children. This research provides a foundational framework for future studies to mitigate the impact of genetic obesity within this population.
Attenuating Anthropogenic Impact on Subterranean Micro-Climate: Insights from the Biospeleological Station in Postojna Cave
Authors: Šebela Stanka , Novak Uroš
Published: March 2024

The Biospeleological Station (BS) in Postojna Cave, with a volume of 36,000 m3, has served as an underground biological laboratory since 1931, receiving 100,000 visitors annually. Historical cave micro-climate monitoring was performed in 1933 and 1963, and continuous monitoring of cave air temperature and carbon dioxide concentration at hourly intervals started in 2015. Micro-climatic data collected between 2015 and 2024 has helped us to understand the relationship between natural underground environment and anthropogenic impact, thereby aiding expert recommendations to cave managers for the mitigation of anthropogenic micro-climatic effects. Results strongly support the policy that, during summer, when outdoor temperatures are higher than in the cave, solid metal doors connecting the BS with the rest of the cave (Stara Jama) should be kept open. Such a simple mitigation act helps to decrease anthropogenically increased air temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations, thereby maintaining suitable micro-climatic conditions for the exhibition of cave animals. Closure during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021) resulted in the lowest temperatures recorded. BS visitation increases air temperature by 1 °C, highlighting the need for management strategies to maintain suitable conditions for cave fauna exhibition.
Depositional Setting, Diagenetic Processes, and Pressure Solution-Assisted Compaction of Mesozoic Platform Carbonates, Southern Apennines, Italy
Authors: Todaro Simona , Manniello Canio , Pietragalla Alessia , Preto Nereo , Agosta Fabrizio
Published: March 2024

Pressure solution processes taking place during diagenesis deeply modify the hydraulic properties of carbonates, affecting their mechanical layering and hence the dimension, distribution, and connectivity of high-angle fractures. The formation of stylolites is controlled by the texture of the host rock and therefore by the depositional environment and the diagenetic processes that involve it. This study reports the results of a multidisciplinary study carried out on a Jurassic–Cretaceous carbonate platform in southern Italy. The goal is to unravel the control exerted by single carbonate textures and specific diagenetic processes on the formation of bed-parallel stylolites. Microfacies analyses of thin sections are aimed at obtaining information regarding the composition and texture of the carbonates. Petrographic observations coupled with CL analyses are key to deciphering their diagenetic history. Results are consistent with carbonates originally deposited in a shallow-water realm in which carbonate mud is occasionally abundant. In this environment, early cementation inhibits their chemical compaction. In grain-supported facies, pressure solution is only localized at the grain contacts. During shallow burial diagenesis, precipitation of blocky calcite predates the formation of bed-parallel stylolites in the grain-supported facies. Contrarily, mud-supported facies favor chemical compaction, which results in stylolites showing a good lateral extension and thick sediment infill. A classification of different types of stylolite morphology is attempted in relation to facies texture. In detail, rougher morphology (sharp-peak) characterizes the stylolites nucleated in grain-supported facies, while smoother morphology (rectangular to wave-like) is observed in stylolites on mud-supported facies. Application of this knowledge can be helpful in constraining the diagenetic history of carbonate rocks cored from depth, and therefore predict the fracture stratigraphy properties of carbonates buried at depth.
Effects of Perineal Warm Compresses during the Second Stage of Labor on Reducing Perineal Trauma and Relieving Postpartum Perineal Pain in Primiparous Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Sun Ruiyang , Huang Jing , Zhu Xiu , Hou Rui , Zang Yu , Li Yuxuan , Pan Jingyu , Lu Hong
Published: March 2024

Non-pharmaceutical midwifery techniques, including perineal warm compresses, to improve maternal outcomes remain controversial. The aims of this study are to assess the effects of perineal warm compresses on reducing perineal trauma and postpartum perineal pain relief. This systematic review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We searched seven bibliographic databases, three RCT register websites, and two dissertation databases for publications from inception to 15 March 2023. Chinese and English publications were included. Two independent reviewers conducted the risk of bias assessment, data extraction, and the evaluation of the certainty of the evidence utilizing the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 assessment criteria, the Review Manager 5.4, and the online GRADEpro tool, respectively. Seven RCTs involving 1362 primiparous women were included. The combined results demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the second-, third- and/or fourth- degree perineal lacerations, the incidence of episiotomy, and the relief of the short-term perineal pain postpartum (within two days). There was a potential favorable effect on improving the integrity of the perineum. However, the results did not show a statistically significant supportive effect on reducing first-degree perineal lacerations and the rate of perineal lacerations requiring sutures. In summary, perineal warm compresses effectively reduced the second-, third-/or fourth-degree perineal trauma and decreased the short-term perineal pain after birth.
Relationships between the Structural Characteristics of General Medical Practices and the Socioeconomic Status of Patients with Diabetes-Related Performance Indicators in Primary Care
Authors: Jargalsaikhan Undraa , Kasabji Feras , Vincze Ferenc , Pálinkás Anita , Kőrösi László , Sándor János
Published: March 2024

The implementation of monitoring for general medical practice (GMP) can contribute to improving the quality of diabetes mellitus (DM) care. Our study aimed to describe the associations of DM care performance indicators with the structural characteristics of GMPs and the socioeconomic status (SES) of patients. Using data from 2018 covering the whole country, GMP-specific indicators standardized by patient age, sex, and eligibility for exemption certificates were computed for adults. Linear regression models were applied to evaluate the relationships between GMP-specific parameters (list size, residence type, geographical location, general practitioner (GP) vacancy and their age) and patient SES (education, employment, proportion of Roma adults, housing density) and DM care indicators. Patients received 58.64% of the required medical interventions. A lower level of education (hemoglobin A1c test: β = −0.108; ophthalmic examination: β = −0.100; serum creatinine test: β = −0.103; and serum lipid status test: β = −0.108) and large GMP size (hemoglobin A1c test: β = −0.068; ophthalmological examination β = −0.031; serum creatinine measurement β = −0.053; influenza immunization β = −0.040; and serum lipid status test β = −0.068) were associated with poor indicators. A GP age older than 65 years was associated with lower indicators (hemoglobin A1c test: β = −0.082; serum creatinine measurement: β = −0.086; serum lipid status test: β = −0.082; and influenza immunization: β = −0.032). Overall, the GMP-level DM care indicators were significantly influenced by GMP characteristics and patient SES. Therefore, proper diabetes care monitoring for the personal achievements of GPs should involve the application of adjusted performance indicators.