bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To Compare the Effect of Dynamic Stretching and Muscle Energy Technique On Hamstring Length, Pain Intensity, and Functional Performance in Individuals with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Comparative Study
Authors:   Undergraduate Student of Shiva Trust’s Aurangabad College of Physiotherapy, India., Chopade Sumedh Laxman , Ajmera Mayur ,   Professor HOD, Department of Physiotherapy in Musculoskeletal Shiva Trust’s Aurangabad College of Physiotherapy, Aurangabad, India., Huma Quazi Ibtesaam ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy in Neurosciences, Shiva Trust’s Aurangabad College of Physiotherapy, Aurangabad, India.
Published: January 2025

Background: The hamstring group consists of three primary muscles at the back of the thigh: the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris. Hamstring weakness or tightness can disrupt the normal biomechanics of the knee. For instance, when the hamstrings are tight, they may limit knee joint mobility, potentially worsening patellofemoral pain. The lower extremity functions as a kinetic chain; when the hamstrings are not working effectively, they can influence the pelvis and hips. This can result in altered loading patterns on the knee, increasing stress on the patellofemoral joint. So we selected two techniques for lengthening the muscle so that the study's objective is to compare the effect of that technique in individuals with patellofemoral pain.
Aim: To Investigate and compare the effect of dynamic stretching and muscle energy technique on hamstring length, pain intensity, and functional performance in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome
Methodology: Twenty-six subjects enrolled in each group based on inclusion and exclusion criteria i.e. Group A Dynamic Stretching and Group B Muscle Energy Technique. Hamstring length was assessed by the 90-90 SLR, pain intensity by NPRS, and Functional performance by the LEFS on the Day 1, 3, and 9. Then, the mean and standard deviation are calculated.
Study design: Comparative study
Result: Both techniques show a significant on compared, on day 3 (SLR p-value = 0.0001) (NPRS p-value = 0.05) (LEFS p-value = 0.069) and on day 9 (SLR p-value = 0.0001) (NPRS p-value = 0.0001) (LEFS p-value = 0.0029) also in individual technique for dynamic stretching (p-value = 0.0001) and Muscle energy technique (p-value = 0.0047).
Conclusion: Both dynamic stretching and muscle energy techniques effectively address hamstring tightness, pain intensity, and functional performance in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
KEY WORDS: Hamstring Muscle, Dynamic Stretching, Muscle Energy Technique, 90-90SLR (Straight Leg Raise), NPRS (Numerical Pain Rating Scale) and LEFS (Lower Extremity Function Scale).
O poetici nestajanja u romanima Esther Kinsky "Rijeka" i Judith Schalansky "Popis stanovitih gubitaka"
Authors: Car Milka
Published: January 2025

Rijeka (Am Fluss, 2014.) Esther Kinsky prati procese rastakanja okoliša u postindustrijskome dobu u inačici pisma o prirodi u antropocenu. Oslanjajući se na načela ekokritike kao transdisciplinarne paradigme analizirat će se poetika nestajanja u romanima Esther Kinsky i Judith Schalansky s pitanjem o ekološkoj ranjivosti globaliziranoga svijeta. Esther Kinsky polazi od pojma „oštećeni predjeli“ (njem. gestörtes Gelände) za opise prirode pretjerano obilježene tragovima ljudske interferencije. Popis stanovitih gubitaka (Verzeichnis einiger Verluste, 2018.) Judith Schalansky kartografira izgubljene predjele i rekonstrira davne priče o njima. Pokazat će se da je čovjek stvorenje ovisno o cjelovitom, ugroženom ekosustavu, u osloncu na teze filozofa G. i H. Böhmea s pitanjem o odnosu čovjekova unutarnjega (Innenwelt) i životnoga svijeta (Umwelt).
Relações entre as inundações e a expansão urbana na Bacia do Córrego Ipiranga
Authors: Rodrigues Thaiane Cardoso , Calixto Clarisse Machado Chaves , Souza Geovani Genovez
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this article is to reflect on floods and inundations in urban areas exacerbated by demographic growth and real estate developments. The study analyzes the Santa Luzia neighborhood in the municipality of Juiz de Fora as a case study, as its characteristics closely resemble those of various other locations. This work takes the form of a literature review dedicated to the topic, addressing explanations relevant to floods and inundations. The analysis includes considerations about urban growth, a temporal delimitation covering the history of the neighborhood and its surrounding region. Additionally, an investigation of local maps is conducted, complemented by an analysis of the main streams within the Ipiranga watershed from the perspective of canalizations carried out in the 21st century.
Innovative Approach to Upper Limb Salvage: Ozone Therapy and Surgical Lavage in Action. A Case Report
Authors: M Mascia , M Mazzocchi , D Passador , E Pariani , E Scalamandrè , G Forini , F Cuzzocrea , A Locatelli
Published: January 2025

Upper limb injuries after major trauma often result in severe damage to bones, vessels, nerves, and soft tissues, leading to critical challenges in management. The decision between limb salvage and amputation is complex, especially in the context of a "mangled" extremity, which significantly affects functional, psychological, and social well-being. This case report details the innovative use of oxygen-ozone therapy combined with surgical management in a 34-year-old male who suffered a catastrophic injury to the left upper limb after a car crash. The patient presented extensive soft tissue loss, multiple open fractures, and severe infection leading to septic shock and multiorgan failure. Initial treatment included surgical lavage, Vacuum-Assisted Closure (VAC) therapy, and targeted antibiotics. Given the critical condition and the high risk of limb amputation, daily oxygen-ozone therapy was introduced through major autohemotherapy. The treatment resulted in rapid clinical improvement, including hemodynamic stabilization, reduction of inflammation, and enhanced wound healing. Definitive osteosynthesis and flap grafting were performed successfully 42 days post-admission. At the one-year follow-up, the patient demonstrated preserved hand and wrist function with some limitations in flexion and pronosupination. This case highlights the potential of oxygen-ozone therapy as an adjunct in limb salvage, offering a promising alternative to amputation in severe upper extremity trauma. Future research will be necessary to validate these findings and establish standardized protocols for such novel interventions.
Step-by-step protocol for loading Calcein-AM into extracellular vesicles from mammalian cells for its clear visualization with a fluorescence microscope coupled to a deconvolution system v1
Authors: Calderón-Peláez María-Angélica , E Castellanos Jaime , L. Velandia-Romero Myriam
Published: January 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound structures produced and released into the extracellular space by all types of cells. Due to their characteristics, EVs play crucial roles in cellular communication and signaling, holding an immense potential as biomarkers and molecular transporters. Various methods have been developed to label and characterize EVs, however, visualizing EVs remains a process that requires highly specialized and expensive equipment, which is not always available in all the laboratories. In this study, we adapted a protocol originally designed for EVs analysis by flow cytometry using Calcein-AM (CA), and convert it into a useful and effective tool for visualizing EVs by epifluorescence microscopy coupled with a deconvolution system. This approach can be very useful for basic EVs analyses, enabling researchers to verify their distribution and internalization across cells. Such insights can guide decisions on whether to advance to more detailed analysis using confocal microscopy or to perform additional assays.
The Impact of Using Speech Fillers on the Adequacy of Communicative Competence in English as a Lingua Franca
Authors: Al-Alami Suhair Eyad
Published: January 2025

The current study sought to investigate the impact of using speech fillers on students’ communicative competence in English within higher education contexts. To achieve the intended aim, the study addressed two primary research questions regarding how using speech fillers in oral presentations would impact students’ communicative competence in English and what suggestions could be offered to assist students in minimizing the use of speech fillers while presenting. Additionally, the study raised one secondary research question on which speech fillers were most frequently used by the participating students. The study involved three categories: language instructors, toastmaster members, and university students covering a total of two-hundred and four subjects. The author implemented three study tools, namely, a questionnaire, an interview, and class observations. The findings revealed that the vast majority of subjects viewed using speech fillers in oral presentations as having a negative impact on students’ communicative competence in English. In light of subjects’ suggestions, the study offers a variety of ideas as to how producing speech fillers in oral presentations could be minimized. Finally, the study presents the speech fillers which were frequently used by the participating students, offering recommendations for scholars to consider.
The Impact of Google Classroom on Students’ Writing Skills in Arabic and English Classrooms: A Comparison Study
Authors: Alghamdy Rashed Zannan , Alghamdi Abdulmajeed Mohammed
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the effect of Google Classroom in improving writing skills among students in both Arabic and English departments at Umm Al-Qura University in Saudi Arabia. The researchers randomly selected 84 male students to participate and employed a quasi-experimental, integrating Google Classroom into all writing teaching activities for the experimental group over nine weeks. Data collection involved administering pretest and posttest English writing tests to 40 English language students and pretest and posttest Arabic writing tests to 44 Arab language students. The results indicate statistically significant differences (p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) between the mean scores of students studying Arabic and English writing via the Google Classroom environment and those taught the same lessons through the traditional lecture methods in the post-test, favoring experimental groups. Moreover, this study indicates that Arabic and English writing learners commit similar errors in their writing samples but with differing frequencies and percentages. English writing learners commit writing errors such as in spelling (28.58%), punctuation (10.63%), sentence structure (7.41%), fluency (7.90%), use of inappropriate tenses (6.05%), paragraph coherence (6.93%), paragraph unity (4.59%), linking words (5.37%), accuracy (6.73%), inconsistent point of view (5.37%), unrelated meaning (4.39%), and finally articles (6.05%). Arabic writing learners similarly make writing errors in spelling (21.79%), punctuation (12.33%), sentence structure (7.86%), fluency (7.65%), use of inappropriate tenses (7.54%), paragraph coherence (7.00%), paragraph unity (7.01%), linking words (6.91%), accuracy (6.91%), inconsistent point of view (6.06%), unrelated meaning (5.42%), and finally articles (3.40%).
A Study on the English Translation of “Qing” From the Perspective of Cultural Capital Concerning Liu Yuxi’s “Bamboo Branch Songs”
Authors: Shi Jinhong
Published: January 2025

In language use and comprehension, even when practitioners are able to identify the same cultural focal discourse, differences in the interpretation of the cultural information contained therein can arise. This phenomenon of differing interpretations can be explained through Pierre Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital, which, due to its accumulation, translates into specific bodily and cognitive dispositions, manifested as particular modes of action. This study aims to investigate typical linguistic materials that store cultural capital. Specifically, it analyzes Liu Yuxi's Bamboo Branch Song (first of two) and six English translations, comparing the differential accumulation of cultural capital associated with the cultural focal point “Qing(晴)” across the levels of language skills, norms, and values. The exchange of cultural capital in language activities is inevitable; however, the unsuccessful personal internalization of social habitus can hinder this exchange, causing it to remain at the norm level and resulting in a loss at the value level. This research also highlights the risks associated with the exchange of cultural capital conveyed through language, offering insights into cultural transmission and communication.
Analyzing Grammatical Errors to Improve English Writing Among Thai High School Students’ Interlanguage and Vocabulary Use
Authors: Matwangsaeng Rangsawoot , Matwangsaeng Pennapa , Sukying Apisak , Min Changyong
Published: January 2025

This study examines the grammatical errors and vocabulary types in the writings of Thai high school EFL students. Employing Dulay et al.’s (1982) surface strategy taxonomy, errors were categorized into omission, misformation, addition, and misordering to identify predominant error patterns. Additionally, the study assessed the vocabulary range via the General Service List and the Academic Word List. Findings indicated a significant reliance on high-frequency words and less frequent use of AWL vocabulary, stressing gaps in readiness for academic study. The study highlights the diagnostic value of error analysis in revealing insights into learners’ interlanguage development, reflecting their evolving understanding and hypothesis testing about the target language influenced by their first language. Grammatical errors, such as incorrect use of singular and plural forms, articles, and tense inconsistencies, were common, suggesting learners face structural and syntactic challenges. Omission errors emerged as the most prevalent, followed by misformation, addition, and misordering, indicating areas needing focused grammatical instruction. Vocabulary analysis revealed an 82.30% overlap of the first 1,000 GSL words in students’ texts, contrasting with the minimal use of AWL words, essential for academic success. The findings advocate for enhanced instructional strategies integrating GSL and AWL vocabularies and emphasizing systematic grammatical error correction to improve language proficiency and academic readiness. Future research should include more diverse learner populations and a broader range of error types to provide insights into language acquisition challenges and solutions. This study contributes to refining teaching methodologies and curriculum development to better prepare students for future academic challenges.
Effects of Pigai.org on College English Writing Competency: The Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency
Authors: Xiao Dunjiao , Mohamad Maslawati , Othman Zarina
Published: January 2025

Online applications in teaching and learning have been widely used in recent years. Pigai.org has become extremely popular for second language learning in China, and the study aims to examine its application to enhance students’ college English writing competency. Despite numerous studies on the use of Pigai.org, there has been rare research on its effects on college English writing competency in Chinese polytechnics. The current study investigates the effectiveness of its application over five weeks in a polytechnic college. Pigai.org has been applied in a College English Test-oriented writing class with 30 second-year students majoring in English. Sixty writing samples are collected in the first and fifth weeks, respectively, as the data analysis to evaluate writing complexity, accuracy, and fluency in pre-and post-tests. The study utilises a quantitative research approach, incorporating descriptive statistics, paired samples t-tests, and repeated measures ANOVA. The results show that the complexity, accuracy, and fluency significantly increased after applying Pigai.org in writing. Despite the decreases in very few items, most items measured in the study had higher scores in the post-test than in the pretest. The findings indicate that the use of Pigai.org positively affected college English writing and shed light on the pedagogical implications.
Saudi Faculty Members’ Perceptions and Use of Blackboard: The Impact of Individual Characteristics
Authors: Almansour Noha , Almaneea Maram
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the perceptions and use of Blackboard among English as a foreign language (EFL) faculty members. Moreover, it explores the effect of age, years of experience using Blackboard, and academic rank on the perception and use of Blackboard. The sample comprised 149 EFL faculty members from different Saudi universities. This quantitative study utilized an online self-reported questionnaire for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as mean, standard deviation, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The analysis yielded noteworthy findings. Firstly, faculty members held moderately positive views towards Blackboard. Furthermore, they reported moderate usage of Blackboard, primarily for announcements, course descriptions, and course content. Interestingly, age and academic rank did not significantly influence faculty members’ perceptions and use of Blackboard. However, the length of Blackboard years of experience had a notable impact, as more excellent experience correlated with more frequent usage and positive perceptions of the platform. The study’s findings have several pedagogical implications that can inform instructional practices and the integration of Blackboards in EFL classrooms in higher education in Saudi Arabia.
Redefining Resistance: Revolutionary Women in Audre Lorde's "Who Said It Was Simple"
Authors: Alqaryouti Marwan Harb , Alnwairan Met'eb Ali , Meryan Dania , Sadeq Alaeddin , Alshehadat Farah , Alnawrasi Nisreen
Published: January 2025

Audre Lorde's poetry, especially "Who Said It Was Simple", vividly illustrates her lived experiences as an African American lesbian woman navigating intersecting prejudices of racism, sexism, and homophobia. This study aims to analyze how Lorde's poem reflects and critiques societal norms that perpetuate inequality, particularly for Black women, and explores the poem's role in feminist discourse. The research employs a qualitative descriptive analysis with a focus on textual analysis. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the study interprets the thematic elements of Lorde’s poem, examining how linguistic elements and symbols convey Lorde's experiences and societal critiques. The analysis reveals that Lorde’s poem addresses the systemic barriers faced by Black women, emphasizing how these barriers stem from the interplay of race, gender, and sexuality. The poem illustrates the isolation and marginalization Lorde experiences, both within her own community and in broader society. It concludes by highlighting the persistent divide in societal acceptance of diverse identities. This study contributes to the understanding of intersectional feminism by illustrating how Lorde’s poetry encapsulates the complexities of identity and resistance. It enhances the discourse on Black feminism by highlighting the unique struggles faced by Black lesbian women and how these struggles are articulated through poetic expression.
Exploring the Human-AI Interactive Negotiation Competence and Interaction Mindsets of University English Learners: A Study in China
Authors: Yang Qingying , Zhou Jie
Published: January 2025

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in foreign language teaching is undergoing significant transformation, and as a result, there is a need to conduct research on Human-AI Interactive Negotiation Competence (HAINC) and interaction mindsets. This study conducted a survey at a Project 211 university in China to collect data on the HAINC and interaction mindsets of university English learners. The collected data were then quantitatively analyzed. The results revealed that the HAINC of university English learners is at an above-average level. Although learners have a relatively comprehensive understanding of AI, they lack the practical application skills necessary to reinforce theoretical knowledge. Furthermore, the study uncovered significant differences in interaction mindsets among learners with varying levels of HAINC, with only a small proportion possessing both high-level cognitive abilities and effective interaction strategies. This paper discusses the implications of these findings for foreign language teaching and expands the scope of research on HAINC, aiming to provide insights for the development of human-AI foreign language learning environments.
Assessing the Impact of Bi-Multi-Modal Stimuli on Blended Speaking Instruction: An Empirical Study in Primary School
Authors: Almashy Abduh , Ansari Mohd Sajid , Jamshed Mohammad , Banu Sameena
Published: January 2025

Blended learning in ESL contexts has attracted substantial scholarly attention recently. However, the impact of various online input modes on English grammar learning outcomes, particularly for speaking skills, has not been extensively studied. This study evaluates how bi- and multi-modal online inputs impact blended speech training in a primary school. Using a quasi-experimental, between-subjects design over 20 weeks, the study categorized participants into two groups: the bi-modal group (BG, N=32), which utilized online text-and-audio materials, and the multi-modal group (MG, N=32), which engaged with online videos. The assessment of learning achievement was conducted through two speaking tests, a pretest and a posttest. The results revealed enhancements in grammar and overall speaking skills for both groups, with significant performance differences. The study enriches academic literature by providing empirical insights into how different online input modes could optimize blended learning environments and support explicit speaking instruction to improve grammar in primary students’ speaking skills.
Narrating the Crusades in Two Contemporary Novels: Ideology and Dialogue Between Eastern and Western Perspective
Authors: Jaran Mahmoud , Khaldi Asef
Published: January 2025

The Crusades, particularly the First Crusade, have long captivated the imagination of writers and poets in both the Christian West and the Muslim East. This study explores how the First Crusade is narrated and invoked in contemporary literature through a comparative analysis of two novels: The Awakening of the Knight by Egyptian author Mohamed Tarek (2022) and Jerusalem by Italian historian and novelist Andrea Frediani (2013). The research examines the relationship between these works and historical and literary sources on the Crusades, while also addressing their contemporary political and cultural resonances. The findings suggest that contemporary narratives, as exemplified by these two novels, oscillate between ideological uses of classic concepts of heroism and dichotomies such as good versus evil applied to modern contexts, and a more imaginative, entertaining approach that frames the Crusades as an epic, event-driven story in an attempt to bridge connections between East and West, suggesting the potential for intercultural dialogue and peacebuilding. The analysis underscores the enduring impact of the Crusades on contemporary thought and calls for further exploration of this historical period in modern cultural and civilizational discourse.
The Effects of Text-to-Speech Dictation on Chinese Elementary Students’ Listening and Spelling Skills at a Primary School in China
Authors: Yao Suifang , Poonpon Kornwipa
Published: January 2025

The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of text-to-speech (TTS) dictation on Chinese elementary students’ listening and spelling skills at a primary school and explore Chinese elementary students’ perceptions of TTS dictation on listening and spelling skills. The present study adopted a mixed method. Quantitatively, the two-group pre-test and post-test design were employed. The 74 participants studied in Guangzhou Liwan Puiching Primary School (grade 4). The experimental group of 37 students where the TTS dictation was given as the intervention in the classroom, while the control group of 37 students where instruction was taught only in class. The quantitative data were collected through pre- and post-tests. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect qualitative data on student opinions. The results showed that the experimental group students performed better than the control group after the TTS dictation intervention. The average scores of different items in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, indicating the impact of TTS dictation on Chinese primary school students' listening and spelling skills. The interview data also reveals that TTS dictation, as an intervention, sparked strong interest among most participants. Many of them reported that TTS dictation had a positive impact on their listening and spelling skills. The findings suggest that TTS dictation not only engaged the students but also contributed to noticeable effects in these key areas of listening and spelling skills.
Emotions on Social Media as Catalysts for Change: Epistemic and Motivational Potentialities for Gender Equality
Authors: Lagrange Babette
Published: January 2025

To this day, people still face gender discrimination and battle with gender injustices. To change this, we both need accurate knowledge about these injustices and we need to strive for active change. This article provides a theoretical reflection on how social media, by serving as an accessible platform for people to portray their emotions, can be a tool for both of these needs. In terms of the topics it discusses, the article operates at the intersection of the literature on digital activism on the one hand and emotions and social media on the other. However, I approach these topics using a combination of multidisciplinary lenses. I employ the epistemic injustice framework to emphasise the link between gender inequality and the production and distribution of knowledge. In line with the literature on affect theory, I argue both that emotions can generate epistemic novelties and that emotions have collectivising and motivational power. Finally, the article builds on existing research on how social media provide a space for people to portray, distribute, and adopt emotions. The theoretical reflection in this article then combines these insights to demonstrate how social media—by allowing the expression and distribution of emotions—can catalyse both the production of new knowledge and active change. With social media enabling emotions to be heard and seen, this online sphere can contribute to the epistemic empowerment of women and to the fight against gender discrimination and gender injustices.
Occurrence of Heavy Metals Concentration in Grown Food Crops (Manihot esculenta and Colocasia esculenta) around Disused Ogbete Coal Mine in Enugu Metropolis, South Africa
Authors:   Centre for Environmental Management and Control (CEMAC), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, Ogbuene Emeka Bright , Ezeanata Chinenye ,   Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria, Ogbuka Josiah ,   Centre for Environmental Management and Control (CEMAC), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, Achoru Fred ,   Centre for Environmental Management and Control (CEMAC), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, Alo Obianuju ,   Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria, Okolo Obiageli ,   Centre for Environmental Management and Control (CEMAC), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, Ozorme Vivian ,   Centre for Environmental Management and Control (CEMAC), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Published: January 2025

The major food crops frequently consumed by communities in southeastern Nigeria are Manihot esculenta (cassava) and Colocasia esculenta (cocoyam). The crops are sometimes grown in disused mining sites. The study was carried out in Ogbete disused coal mine area, GRA (government residential area) Enugu, in Enugu State, Nigeria. the study area is located between latitude 6̊ 27̍ N and 35.8704̎ N and longitude7̊ 32̍ E and 56.2164̎ E. This study was conducted to assess the occurrence and concentration of heavy metals in the soil and crop samples. The five heavy metals studied were (Cd, Cr, Zn, Ni and Pb). The samples included twenty-four crops of which eighteen were collected from three sampling locations. The study shows that food grown in the site could pose health risks. The study recommends the ongoing monitoring of heavy metal concentration in the study area.
Sensory and physicochemical properties of threadfin bream (Nemipterus nemurus) meatballs from breadfruit and tapioca flour formulations
Authors: Fadhallah Esa Ghanim , Navisa Putri , Susilawati Susilawati , Sugiharto Ribut
Published: January 2025

Fish meatballs require fillers to produce high-quality meat products. Tapioca is often used as a filler in meatballs, but has a low nutritional content. Breadfruit flour can be used as an alternative meatball filler because it contains high amylose, amylopectin, and fiber contents. This study aimed to determine the best formulation of threadfin bream fish meatballs with the addition of breadfruit and tapioca flour based on sensory, physical, and chemical properties and compliance with SNI 7266:2014. The breadfruit and tapioca flour formulation consisted of six treatments (%): (0: 15), (3:12), (6:9), (9:6), (12:3), and (15:0). The parameters analyzed included sensory tests, ash content, moisture, hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness. The best treatment was continued with the analysis of the protein and crude fiber content. The results showed that the formulation of breadfruit and tapioca flour significantly affected the sensory, physical, and chemical properties of threadfin bream fish meatballs. The best formulation is the treatment of 3% breadfruit flour and 12% tapioca with an appearance score of 7.62 (smooth surface, no cavities, bright), aroma 7.75 (typical of fish), taste 8.00 (typical of fish meatballs), texture 7.83 (dense, compact, chewy), hedonic taste 7.63 (very much like), overall acceptance 7.39 (like), moisture 68.02%, ash 2.22%, crude fiber 0.71%, and protein 11.38% in accordance with SNI 7266:2014. This formulation also produced a hardness value of 295.50 N, springiness value of 12.57 mm, and cohesiveness value of 1.22 mm. The higher the concentration of breadfruit flour, the lower the sensory and physical values and the higher the ash content of kurisi fish meatballs.
Isolasi klorofil a dan analisis aktivitas antioksidan dari mikroalga C. vulgaris
Authors: Chamidah Anies , Afrilia Hefni Citra , Ahmad Mirza Gulam , Arisandi Desy
Published: January 2025

Klorofil adalah pigmen hijau yang ditemukan dalam membran tilakoid yang terdiri atas klorofil a, b, c, d, dan e, yang bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antimutagenik, dan antikanker. Penggunaan klorofil dari mikroalga belum banyak dieksplorasi dibandingkan dengan klorofil dari tanaman darat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan menentukan aktivitas antioksidan klorofil a dari mikroalga C.vulgaris. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratorium, dengan tahapan ekstraksi mikroalga C. vulgaris menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, fraksinasi crude ekstrak C. vulgaris dengan n-heksana, identifikasi klorofil dan penentuan eluen terbaik untuk isolasi KLT, isolasi fraksi untuk memperoleh pigmen klorofil selanjutnya diuji KLT, kadar total klorofil dan aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil pengujian meliputi uji rendemen, kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), kadar total klorofil, dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klorofil a dapat diisolasi melalui ekstraksi menggunakan etanol 96%, fraksinasi dengan n-heksana, dan pemurnian dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan pelarut petroleum eter (7:3). Nilai IC50 dari klorofil a yang dihasilkan adalah 63,99±5,46 ppm, yang termasuk dalam kategori antioksidan kuat. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa klorofil a dari C. vulgaris memiliki potensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami yang efektif.
Imaging Underwater Faults and Tracking Whales with Optical Fiber Sensing
Authors: Xiao Han , Zhang Shane , Moss Robb , Zhan Zhongwen
Published: January 2025

In light of the global shift toward deep-water offshore wind projects, including recent leases off California’s central and northern coasts, this study leverages distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology on existing dark fiber-optic cables to address environmental and engineering challenges. The primary objective is to identify seafloor geohazards—such as faults, landslides, and turbidites—necessary for the design of floating platform foundations and power cable routes while concurrently monitoring the impact on marine life, specifically whale migrations. To address these two issues simultaneously, we have turned an existing seafloor fiber-optic cable off the central California coast to a DAS array to both image the near-surface conditions of the seafloor and track whale migration through the surrounding area. Passive recordings of ocean waves and ambient seismic noise on DAS were used to image the upper 3000–4000 m of the seafloor sediments, with particularly high resolution on the top sediment layer of geotechnical interest. Fault-scattered seismic waves from local earthquakes also provided fault identification and location within the offshore Los Osos and Hosgri fault zones that the fiber crosses. With the very same recordings, whale calls were used to track the locations of the whales as they passed along and over the fiber. This study shows that DAS can improve both seafloor geophysics and whale monitoring, which are two key issues for emerging energy generation in deep-water locations.
TỪ HÁN VIỆT TRONG VĂN BẢN ĐỌC SÁCH GIÁO KHOA LỚP 2, 3VÀ ĐỊNH HƯỚNG DẠY HỌCTỪ HÁN VIỆT THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GIÁO DỤC PHỔ THÔNG 2018
Authors: Thị Kim Cương Đỗ , Thị Quỳnh Nga Trần , Văn Vượng Nguyễn
Published: January 2025

Sino-Vietnamese lexical items constitute a significant component of the primary school curriculum, progressively introduced at increasing difficulty levels. Theoretical concepts related to these words are presented in the final grades (4 and 5), alongside other linguistic subjects. However, implementing diverse reading materials aligned with the 2018 Curriculum necessitates a more integrated approach to teaching Sino-Vietnamese words, beginning as early as grades 2 and 3. This study examines the prevalence of Sino-Vietnamese words in textbooks, identifies key pedagogical considerations for teachers, and proposes strategies to optimize teaching these words in the final grades.
NÂNG CAO HIỆU QUẢ DẠY HỌC MẠCH KIẾN THỨC LỊCH SỬ - VĂN HOÁ CỦA NỘI DUNG GIÁO DỤC ĐỊA PHƯƠNG TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ CẤP TRUNG HỌC CƠ SỞ
Authors: Thị Hải Lê Trần , Thành Nhân Nguyễn , Thị Bích Nguyễn
Published: January 2025

Local education is a mandatory subject in the 2018 General Education Program. Since the 2021-2022 school year, the local education curriculum in Thua Thien Hue province has been implemented at the secondary schools. However, its implementation has many shortcomings such as a lack of materials, teaching facilities, difficulties in applying interdisciplinary knowledge, and teaching methods. Based on the analysis of local education content, particularly historical-cultural knowledge, this study proposes measures to improve the teaching effectiveness of the History-Cultural knowledge of local education in secondary schools. These measures include strengthening the use of original materials in teaching-learning, promoting the application of information technology in teaching, strengthening the organization of lessons in the field, and building a dossier of teaching materials.
CÁC YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN VIỆC THỰC HIỆN CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GIÁO DỤC PHỔ THÔNG 2018: NGHIÊN CỨU TRƯỜNG HỢP GIÁO VIÊN ĐỊA LÍ Ở MỘT SỐ TỈNH PHÍA BẮC
Authors: Thái Tuân Hoàng , Phương Thảo Nguyễn
Published: January 2025

Vietnam has been undertaking an educational reform with the adoption of the 2018 National Curriculum. The implementation of this new curriculum demands preparation and significant efforts from teachers to adapt. This study investigates factors affecting the implementation of the 2018 curriculum among geography teachers. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 12 geography teachers in various provinces across Northern Vietnam. The findings reveal that teachers faced more challenges than facilitators. Key influencing factors include the curriculum itself, school conditions, societal awareness, subject content, and assessment methods. Based on these findings, the study offers recommendations to help teachers overcome difficulties in implementing the 2018 curriculum and provides insights for teacher professional development.
SỬ DỤNG CÔNG NGHỆ THỰC TẾ ẢO TĂNG CƯỜNG TRONG DẠY HỌC HÓA HỌC NHẰM PHÁT TRIỂN NĂNG LỰC TỰ HỌC CHO HỌC SINH QUA CHỦ ĐỀ “NITROGEN - SULFUR” Ở MÔN HÓA HỌC 11
Authors: Mậu Đức Nguyễn , Thị Hồng Anh Bùi
Published: January 2025

Augmented reality (AR) technology in teaching promotes positivity, self-discipline, proactivity, and creativity, enhancing students' self-learning capabilities in high schools. In this article, we use the CoSpace Edu software to build and design two augmented reality products on the topic of “Nitrogen-Sulfur” in the 11th-grade Chemistry Curriculum combined with the flipped classroom model aiming to help students more easily self-study, self-test, and assess their learning outcomes, thereby improving their chemistry learning results in high schools. The research was conducted experimentally on 170 students at Ta Quang Buu Secondary and High School and Dan Phuong High School to measure results before and after the impact. The pedagogical experiment results showed that the ES value was 0.77, and the independent t-test value was p = 1,196.10-5, indicating that the impact significantly influenced students' cognition and self-learning abilities. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of applying AR technology to develop SLC for students in teaching chemistry.
Regiões metropolitanas brasileiras
Authors: Silva Maina Pirajá , Silva Barbara-Christine Nentwig , De Carvalho Silvana Sá
Published: January 2025

O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar e analisar as fragilidades e incoerências da institucionalização de regiões metropolitanas no país, no passado e no presente, e discutir sobre os desafios da governança metropolitana. Para a execução deste trabalho, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e levantamentos históricos e geográficos, bem como coleta de dados nos diários oficiais de cada estado onde são encontradas as regiões metropolitanas, e avaliação do Estatuto da Metrópole que é de grande importância para a política urbana no Brasil. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram a falta de critérios dos estados para se criar regiões metropolitanas no país, e a falta de planejamento e gestão nessas regiões metropolitanas, o que traz inúmeros obstáculos para a governança metropolitana, com ênfase para as ineficientes relações intergovernamentais.
Avaliação espaço-temporal das interações da variável limnológica potássio (K+) no ambiente aquático do alto curso do rio Ibicuí-Mirim
Authors: De Almeida Prado Diego , Pereira Filho Waterloo
Published: January 2025

A temática deste trabalho envolveu indagações sobre variáveis limnológicas de águas a montante e a jusante do reservatório Rodolfo Costa e Silva com o intuito de discriminar o comportamento da variável Potássio (K+) analisada neste trabalho de pesquisa. As águas do reservatório Rodolfo Costa e Silva são originárias da porção nordeste da Bacia Hidrográfica do Ibicuí, centro-oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Como objetivo geral foi proposto analisar em escala espacial e temporal a variável limnológica Potássio (K+) no sistema hídrico do alto curso do rio Ibicuí-Mirim, afim de entender seu comportamento no ambiente lótico interseccionado por ambiente lêntico nas drenagens a montante e a jusante do reservatório Rodolfo Costa e Silva. A metodologia da pesquisa proporcionou quantificar os dados do ambiente aquático através da interpretação e análise integrada das relações espaço-temporais que ocorrem nesse ambiente. Em campo foram coletadas amostras em frascos de um litro, para posterior processamento em laboratório e obtenção dos dados de potássio (K+). A espacialização e interpolação do dado limnológico potássio (K+) foi realizado utilizando-se o Software ArcGIS. Para tal foram utilizados 10 pontos amostrais definidos a priori. A concentração de potássio (K+) foi determinada por espectroscopia de absorção atômica em amostras filtradas. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que em todas as datas de coletas ocorreram alterações nos dados limnológicos. Isto também pode estar relacionado ao fato de que a região a jusante do reservatório pertence à reserva biológica Ibicui-Mirim, local onde há maior preservação da vegetação nativa nas proximidades das drenagens.
Patrimônio, turismo e produção do espaço
Authors: Lobato Alessandra Silva
Published: January 2025

O município de Bragança está localizado na região Nordeste do Estado do Pará no Brasil. É um município que apresenta relevante representatividade do ponto de vista social, econômico e cultural (CRUZ, 1955). Celebram uma das festas mais representativas do Pará, a Festa de São Benedito, que atrai milhares de pessoas anualmente. Tendo em vista essas observações, questiona-se: quais as relações entre o patrimônio, a atividade turística e a produção do espaço a partir da Festa de São Benedito no município de Bragança? É possível implementar um turismo cultural sustentável que contribua com o desenvolvimento local? O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relação entre o patrimônio, o turismo e a produção do espaço a partir da Festa de São Benedito. Foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos e documentais, observações in loco, registros fotográficos, aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas com agentes públicos ligados ao patrimônio e ao turismo, representantes responsáveis pela organização da festa, moradores locais e turistas. Observou-se que há uma estreita relação entre o patrimônio, o turismo e a produção do espaço em Bragança, principalmente no que tange a Marujada de São Benedito. Entendeu-se que o turismo é uma atividade forte no município em alguns períodos do ano, entre eles no período da Festa de São Benedito e que o turismo cultural mais sustentável só será possível mediante a maior conscientização e investimentos nesse processo.
FOREİGN STUDENTS' OPİNİONS ON TURKİSH LESSONS STRUCTURED WİTH CREATİVE DRAMA METHOD İN MUSEUM
Authors: Öz Koray
Published: January 2025

Qualitative research approach was adopted in this study, which was carried out in order to determine the views of higher education students within the scope of the Erasmus exchange program on Turkish learning comparatively according to the teaching method. The research data were collected through semi-structured interviews from 20 Erasmus exchange program students studying at a state university in the fall semester of the 2023-2024 academic year, which was determined through criterion sampling, one of the purposive sampling methods, and descriptive analysis technique was used to analyze the data. As a result of the research, it is clearly seen that the courses carried out by the exchange program students through creative drama in the museum contribute to the Turkish learning process, cultural awareness and comparisons with previous courses. Student views support the role of creative drama methods in improving language skills, acquiring cultural knowledge, and making the learning process more effective and enjoyable. In addition to supporting the language learning process, creative drama methods also play an important role in increasing cultural awareness and knowledge. These findings show that creative drama methods can be used as a powerful and effective tool in language education and cultural learning processes in the museum.
Descriptive Items and Narrative Structure of Military Merit Articles in Gwanggaeto Royal Tomb Monument
Authors:   HUFS Institute of History and Culture, Yeo HoKyu
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the narrative structure of military merit records in Gwanggaeto Royal Tomb Monument. The military merit records are composed of 10 sections, including 8 articles of the chronicle of the military merit records, an article of the Sinmyo Year, and a total article of warfare result. Among them, the descriptive items of the chronicle of military merit records are categorized into eight groups: ⓐ year, ⓑ background of the war, ⓒ general statement of military merit, ⓓ marching route, ⓔ progress of the war and warfare results, ⓕ king's favors, ⓖ returning in triumph, and ⓗ addition.
The composition of an item in each chronicle article is slightly different, but they all have a preface and body, and the descriptive order of the entries is the same. In particular, the basic elements of the entry - the year, the general statement of military merit, the progress of the war and warfare results - are common to all articles. Each military merit article has a complete descriptive structure and stands on its own.
The inscription's author consolidated the military activities of each branch into a specific year's account, adjusting the year of the event and coloring the descriptive contents. However, the king's gracious favors were only granted to those who belonged to the Goguryeo heavenly order, while the total of the war results of 64 castles and 1,400 villages was only the sum of the war results of the conquered targets excluding them. Although the author of the inscription centered on military activities, the main focus of the narrative was on the Goguryeo heavenly order.
Therefore, it is necessary to examine the character and status of each military merit article in relation to the Goguryeo heavenly order. It is necessary to examine the role that each military merit article plays in envisioning the Goguryeo heavenly order in various ways.
Relationship between Biological and Qualitative Indices in Surface Waters Receiving the Effluent of Fish Farms in the Northwest of Iran
Authors: Pourfaraj Farhad , Abazari Malek , Moradi-Asl Eslam , Mokhtari S. Amad
Published: January 2025

Background: Water quality is usually measured using various indicators based on physical, chemical and biological parameters. By using the biological index that is based on the identification of the arthropod families, it is possible to make a logical judgment about the ecosystem condition. The aim of this study was measuring correlation coefficients between qualitative and biological Indices.
Methods: Water samples were collected 27 samples in northwest of Iran and aquatic insects’ samples 54 in 2019. The NSFWQI and IRWQISC as the most important indices of physical and chemical quality of water ranged from 54.45–76.21 and from 41.32 to 77.40, respectively.
Results: A total of 2,953 aquatic insects were collected, and biological Index ranged from 6.26 to 3.38. It can be stated that increasing in the concentration of pollutants in the source and end of the river could lead to a sharp decrease in bio­logical index. IRWQISC index, the effluent stations of fish farms can fit into ‘fairly bad quality’ and ‘moderate quality’ categories.
Conclusion: The linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between the Hilsenhoff biological Index and the physiochemical parameters of pH, DO (Dissolved Oxygen) and total dissolved solids. The activity of fish farms and discharging their effluents into water sources, can change the physical, chemical and biological parameters of re­ceiving waters, therefore it is recommended that the location of these units be reviewed and also the appropriate treat­ment for such effluents should be considered, so that the health risks caused by them can be effectively reduced.