bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition of (InTe)x(GeTe) thin films
Authors: Song Ki-Ho , Beak Seung-Cheol , Lee Hyun-Yong
Published: July 2010

The crystallization speed (v) of the amorphous (InTe)x(GeTe) (x=0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) films and their thermal, optical, and electrical behaviors were investigated by using a nanopulse scanner (wavelength=658 nm, laser beam diameter <2 μm), x-ray diffraction, a four-point probe, and a UV-vis-IR spectrophotometer. These results were compared to the results for a Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) film, which was comprehensively utilized for phase-change random access memory (PRAM). Both the v—value and the thermal stability of the (InTe)0.1(GeTe) and (InTe)0.3(GeTe) films were enhanced in comparison to the GST film. Contrarily, the v—value of the (InTe)0.5(GeTe) film was so drastically deteriorated that it could not be quantitatively evaluated. This deterioration occurred because the amorphous (InTe)0.5(GeTe) film had relatively high reflectance, resulting in the absorption being too low to cause the crystallization. Conclusively, proper compositional (InTe)x(GeTe) films (e.g., x<0.3) could be good candidates for PRAM application with both high crystallization speed and thermal stability.
Growth and anisotropic thermal properties of biaxial Ho:YAlO3 crystal
Authors: Dong Qin , Zhao Guangjun , Chen Jianyu , Ding Yuchong , Zhao Chengchun
Published: July 2010

Ho : YAlO 3 (YAP) crystal with large size and good optical quality has been grown by the Czochralski method. Thermal properties of the as-grown Ho:YAP crystal have been investigated by measuring the temperature-dependent, anisotropic thermal expansion, specific heat, thermal diffusion, and thermal conductivity. The results show that Ho:YAP crystal possesses a large anisotropic thermal expansion and good thermal conductivity. The calculated average thermal expansion coefficients along a, b, and c axis are αa=9.18×10−6/K, αb=1.94×10−6/K, and αc=7.61×10−6/K from 293.15 to 770.15 K. The thermal conductivities along a, b, and c axis are up to 11.6, 9.9, and 12.3 W m−1 K−1 at 298.15 K. Compared with Ho: Y3Al5O12 (YAG), Ho:YAP crystal has a larger thermal conductivity along a axis from 298.15 to 568.15 K.
Goos–Hänchen shift of the reflection from nonlinear nanocomposites with electric field tunability
Authors: Gao Dongliang , Gao Lei
Published: July 2010

A structure of nonlinear metal-dielectric nanocomposites is proposed to control the lateral shift of the reflected beam by tuning an applied electric field. Based on spectral representation theory and stationary phase method, the lateral shift is found to exhibit hysteretic effects including single optical bistability, double optical bistability, and optical tristability. As a consequence, it can be manipulated via the applied field. Moreover, the shift is strongly dependent on the volume fraction, the shape of the metallic particles, and the incident angle. Numerical simulations based on Gaussian waves are in good agreement with our theoretical calculations.
Coenzyme Q protects
Caenorhabditis elegans
GABA neurons from calcium-dependent degeneration
Authors: Earls Laurie R. , Hacker Mallory L. , Watson Joseph D. , Miller David M.
Published: July 2010

Mitochondria are key regulators of cell viability and provide essential functions that protect against neurodegenerative disease. To develop a model for mitochondrial-dependent neurodegeneration in
Caenorhabditis elegans
, we used RNA interference (RNAi) and genetic ablation to knock down expression of enzymes in the Coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthetic pathway. CoQ is a required component of the ATP-producing electron transport chain in mitochondria. We found that reduced levels of CoQ result in a progressive uncoordinated (Unc) phenotype that is correlated with the appearance of degenerating GABA neurons. Both the Unc and degenerative phenotypes emerge during late larval development and progress in adults. Neuron classes in motor and sensory circuits that use other neurotransmitters (dopamine, acetylcholine, glutamate, serotonin) and body muscle cells were less sensitive to CoQ depletion. Our results indicate that the mechanism of GABA neuron degeneration is calcium-dependent and requires activation of the apoptotic gene,
ced-4
(Apaf-1). A molecular cascade involving mitochondrial-initiated cell death is also consistent with our finding that GABA neuron degeneration requires the mitochondrial fission gene,
drp-1.
We conclude that the cell selectivity and developmental progression of CoQ deficiency in
C. elegans
indicate that this model may be useful for delineating the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease.
FORUM: Lowland farmland bird conservation in the context of wider ecosystem service delivery
Authors: Bradbury Richard B. , Stoate Chris , Tallowin Jerry R. B.
Published: July 2010

1. Much policy and research in the UK and elsewhere in Europe has been directed towards the conservation of farmland birds. With changes in the drivers of agricultural land management, farmland bird conservation now needs to be considered alongside provision of a range of ecosystem services (ES) indicative of environmentally sustainable land‐management.

2. We explore the extent to which land management for farmland bird conservation provides ‘cultural’ ES, before assessing the potential consistency between management for bird species conservation and for a suite of ES that relate to the regulation of ecosystem processes.

3. We discuss the potential for co‐delivery and trade‐offs between farmland bird conservation and regulating ES, at a range of locations and spatial scales.

4. Potentially, action to enhance regulating services could provide some co‐benefits for farmland bird conservation. However, more targeted management will still be required for certain species.

5. Synthesis and applications. Integration of species conservation management practices, in this case in farmland, with provision of other ES will be a significant challenge to land management. This will demand careful planning, at multiple scales, to account for the range of synergies and trade‐offs between services, the dependence of service provision on time and location of management, and the dependence of service benefit on the number, locations and preferences of human beneficiaries.
Protein Modification by RNA‐Dependent Posttranslational Aminoacylation in Synaptoplasm
Authors: Gower David J. , Tytell Michael
Published: July 2010

Abstract: A soluble enzyme system that posttranslationally adds [3H]arginine to proteins in a ribosome‐free preparation of guinea pig synaptoplasm is described. The reaction in synaptoplasm is inhibited by the addition of ribonuclease‐A and puromycin, indicating tRNA dependence. A limited number of proteins in synaptoplasm (molecular weights of 20, 37, and 50 kilodaltons) were found to accept arginine. We suggest that RNA‐dependent postranslational amino acylation is used by the mammalian neuron for protein processing at the synaptic terminal.
Optimized cutoffs improve performance of the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index for predicting significant liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus co‐infection
Authors: Carvalho‐Filho Roberto J. , Schiavon Leonardo L. , Narciso‐Schiavon Janaína L. , Sampaio Juliana P. , Lanzoni Valéria P. , Ferraz Maria Lucia G. , Silva Antonio Eduardo B.
Published: July 2010

Aim: To assess the diagnostic value of modified cutoffs for aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) to predict significant liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients.

Patients and Methods: This retrospective cross‐sectional study included consecutive patients with HIV/HCV co‐infection who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy. The accuracy of APRI for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis (F2/F3/F4 METAVIR) was evaluated by estimating the positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV respectively) and by measuring the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC).

Results: One hundred and eleven patients were included (73% men, mean age 40.2±7.8 years). Significant fibrosis was observed in 45 patients (41%). To discriminate these subjects, the AUROC of APRI was 0.774±0.045. An APRI≥1.8 showed a PPV of 75% for the presence of significant fibrosis, and an index <0.6 excluded significant fibrosis with an NPV of 87%. If biopsy indication was based only on APRI and restricted to scores in the intermediate range (≥0.6 and <1.8), 46% of liver biopsies could have been avoided as compared with 40% using the classical cutoffs.

Conclusion: APRI with adjusted cutoffs can predict significant liver fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV co‐infection and might obviate the need to perform a biopsy in a considerable percentage of those subjects.
BUYER-SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AMONG DUTCH PURCHASING PROFESSIONALS
Authors: CANIËLS MARJOLEIN C. J. , GELDERMAN CEES J. , ULIJN JAN M.
Published: July 2010

Case study based literature on relationship development presents in-depth information on contextual factors in relationship development. However, little quantitative evidence is available about key aspects of buyer-supplier relationships in each stage of its development, such as the level of trust/commitment, buyer's and supplier's dependence. The study will try to fill this gap by identifying and quantifying these aspects from the buyer's perspective in each development stage. A comprehensive survey among 238 Dutch purchasing professionals provides evidence on how these characteristics of relationships change when relationships develop over time. The results largely confirm the hypotheses, which stem from the extant literature about organizational dependence and trust/commitment. A notable finding is that the buyer perceives to be dependent on the supplier, even in a desirable relationship. Managerial implications are that: (1) industrial marketers should be aware that professional purchasers feel dominated by them, even in relationships that are positively evaluated and therefore desirable in the view of the buyer; and (2) that purchasers should be aware that dependence implies vulnerability, even when the relationship is still developing in an otherwise desirable way.
TEACHING SCIENTISTS ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A DIALECTICAL APPROACH
Authors: DESAI HARSHA , DING HUNG-BIN , FEDDER DONALD
Published: July 2010

Today, we know relatively well about what should be taught in the entrepreneurship program for non-business majors. However, our understanding of how should the non-business students be taught is still limited. To address this issue, we study the entrepreneurship curriculum developed for students in the Nontraditional Doctor of Pharmacy (NTPD) program at the University of Maryland Baltimore. In principle, the core of this entrepreneurship curriculum resembles a typical business school entrepreneurship course with an emphasis on developing a business or a project plan at the end of a two-semester, six-credit course sequence. This entrepreneurship curriculum for PharmD has a successful track record. From 1995 to 2003; 35% to 40% of the business plans developed by the NTPD students have been successfully funded. Although the program is structured in a similar manner as many other short-term entrepreneurship curricula in non-business programs, its implementation and dialectic approach create a dynamic learning environment that has effectively assisted non-business major graduate students to engage in business venturing activities. The infusion of dialectical inquiry at the NTPD program enables clinical pharmacy students to exploit their professional expertise while developing competence in business planning. Students are expected to plan for the implementation of some new aspect of clinical pharmacy into a new or existing practice. In this research, we reported the design of NTPD entrepreneurship curriculum and the training of business planning. Given the lack of foundation business knowledge and course time limitation in NTPD (and other hybrid programs), we posit that the effective implementation of dialectical inquiry will help students improve the quality of new venture planning.
Sildenafil treatment in vivo stimulates Leydig cell steroidogenesis via the cAMP/cGMP signaling pathway
Authors: Andric Silvana A. , Janjic Marija M. , Stojkov Natasa J. , Kostic Tatjana S.
Published: July 2010

Sildenafil citrate (Viagra), a cGMP-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, is widely used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. In contrast to its well established action on erectile dysfunction, little is known on the action of sildenafil on cGMP/cAMP signaling and testicular steroidogenesis. This study was designed to assess the effects of prolonged sildenafil treatment on NO synthase-dependent signaling and steroidogenic function of rat Leydig cells. Male adult rats were treated with Viagra (1.25 mg/kg body wt) daily for 30 days. In our studies, serum testosterone and ex vivo testosterone production significantly increased in sildenafil-treated animals. Human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone production and cAMP accumulation were also significantly higher in Leydig cells obtained from sildenafil-treated rats. The expression of soluble guanylyl cyclase (GUCY1) subunits ( Gucy1a1, Gucy1b1) significantly increased; cAMP-specific Pde4a, cGMP-specific Pde6c, and dual Pde1c and Nos2 were inhibited and expression of Nos3, protein kinase G1 ( Pkg1), and Pde5 remained unchanged. Treatment of purified Leydig cells with NO donor caused a dose-dependent increase in both testosterone and cGMP production. Testosterone and cGMP production was significantly higher in Leydig cells obtained from sildenafil-treated animals. The stimulatory effect of NO donor was significantly enhanced by saturating concentrations of hCG in both Leydig cells obtained from control and sildenafil-treated animals. Occurrence of mature steroidogenic acute regulatory protein also increased in sildenafil treated animals in accord with increased cAMP and cGMP production. In summary, inhibition of PDE activity during prolonged sildenafil treatment increased serum testosterone level and Leydig cells' steroidogenic capacity by coordinated stimulatory action on cAMP and cGMP signaling pathway.
Epigenetic Upregulation of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Promotes the Tropism of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tumor Cells
Authors: Pulukuri Sai Murali Krishna , Gorantla Bharathi , Dasari Venkata Ramesh , Gondi Christopher S. , Rao Jasti S.
Published: July 2010

A major obstacle for the effective treatment of cancer is the invasive capacity of the tumor cells. Previous studies have shown the capability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to target these disseminated tumor cells and to serve as therapeutic delivery vehicles. However, the molecular mechanisms that would enhance the migration of MSCs toward tumor areas are not well understood. In particular, very little is known about the role that epigenetic mechanisms play in cell migration and tropism of MSCs. In this study, we investigated whether histone deacetylation was involved in the repression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) expression in MSCs derived from umbilical cord blood (CB) and bone marrow (BM). Induction of uPA expression by histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A and sodium butyrate was observed in CB- and BM-derived MSCs examined. In vitro migration assays showed that induction of uPA expression by histone deacetylase inhibitors in CB- and BM-derived MSCs significantly enhanced tumor tropism of these cells. Furthermore, overexpression of uPA in CB-MSCs induced migration capacity toward human cancer cells in vitro. In addition, our results showed that uPA-uPAR knockdown in PC3 prostate cancer cells significantly inhibited tumor-specific migration of uPA-overexpressing MSCs. These results have significant implications for the development of MSC-mediated, tumor-selective gene therapies. Mol Cancer Res; 8(8); 1074–83. ©2010 AACR.
Foreign Body Granuloma Mimicking Upper Cervical Spinal Mass after Dural Repair with Tachocomp: A Case Report
Authors: Ekici Mehmet Ali , Ekici Arzu , Per Hüseyin , Tucer Bülent , Kurtsoy Ali
Published: July 2010

The common indications of dura mater repair are injuries caused by trauma, neoplasms, surgical complications and congenital spinal dysraphism such as meningomyelocele or encephalocele. Dural grafting is done to recreate the dural barrier and avoid the possible postoperative complications. Autografts derived from periosteum, fascia, muscle and fat. The disadvantages of autografts are their small size and esthetic complaints. To overcome the disadvantages synthetic materials might be used in duroplasty. Here we present a 3-year-old girl who developed muscleweakness in the upper and lower extremities caused by foreign body granuloma mimicking malignancy in the cervical spinal cord after dural repair done via Tachocomb®.
Fiber Phenotype and Coenzyme Q10 Content in Turkey Skeletal Muscles
Authors: Nierobisz L.S. , Hentz N.G. , Felts J.V. , Mozdziak P.E.
Published: July 2010

Phenotypical differences between muscle fibers are associated with a source of cellular energy. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a major component of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process, and it significantly contributes to the production of cellular energy in the form of ATP. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between whole-tissue CoQ10 content, mitochondrial CoQ10 content, mitochondrial protein, and muscle phenotype in turkeys. Four specialized muscles (anterior latissimus dorsi, ALD; posterior latissimus dorsi, PLD; pectoralis major, PM, and biceps femoris, BF) were evaluated in 9- and 20-week-old turkey toms. The amount of muscle mitochondrial protein was determined using the Bradford assay and CoQ10 content was measured using HPLC-UV. The amount of mitochondrial protein relative to total protein was significantly lower (p < 0.05) at 9 compared to 20 weeks of age. All ALD fibers stained positive for anti-slow (S35) MyHC antibody. The PLD and PM muscle fibers revealed no staining for slow myosin heavy chain (S35 MyHC), whereas half of BF muscle fibers exhibited staining for S35 MyHC at 9 weeks and 70% at 20 weeks of age. The succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) staining data revealed that SDH significantly increases (p < 0.05) in ALD and BF muscles and significantly decreases (p < 0.05) in PLD and PM muscles with age. The study reveals age-related decreases in mitochondrial CoQ10 content in muscles with fast/glycolytic profile, and demonstrates that muscles with a slow/oxidative phenotypic profile contain a higher proportion of CoQ10 than muscles with a fast/glycolytic phenotypic profile.
Prospects for the UK Economy
Authors: Kirby Simon , Barrell Ray
Published: July 2010

The Office for National Statistics' (ONS) Preliminary Estimate of GDP suggests the quarterly rate of growth accelerated rapidly this year, from 0.3 per cent in the first quarter to 1.1 per cent in the second quarter (figure 1). This positive news should not be taken as a strong indicator of the prospects for the next year, as a quarter of strong growth is often matched by a subsequent weak quarter. In the first quarter of this year demand was driven by government spending and the continued moderation in the rate of inventory reduction, contributing 0.5 and 0.3 percentage point, respectively to GDP growth. Data for the second quarter of this year suggest that the expansion was spread relatively evenly, with a particularly robust contribution from the construction sector. Since the estimates are derived on an output measure we have little information by way of the sources of demand. We expect that much of the demand came from the same sources as in the first quarter. It is possible that some output was delayed from the first to the second quarter due to the bad weather, while retail sales were perhaps boosted by expenditure on electrical goods related to the World Cup in South Africa. We forecast a sharp moderation in the rate of growth in the second half of this year, as figure 1 shows.
Controle químico de melão-de-são-caetano em área de cana-soca
Authors: Correia Núbia Maria , Zeitoum Victor
Published: July 2010

Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência, isolados e em combinações nas épocas seca e úmida, para o controle de melão-de-são-caetano (Momordica charantia) em área de cana-soca, desenvolveu-se um experimento no período de junho de 2007 a julho de 2008, na Fazenda Gabriela, no município de Bebedouro (SP). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcela subdividida. Nas parcelas foram estudados quatro tratamentos de herbicidas: imazapic (0,147 kg ha-1) e amicarbazone (1,4 kg ha-1), aplicados uma semana após a colheita da cana; clomazone mais hexazinone (0,8 kg ha-1 + 0,2 kg ha-1) e amicarbazone (1,4 kg ha-1), aplicados em agosto, aos 63 dias após a colheita da cana, pulverizados na época seca, além de tratamento sem aplicação. Nas subparcelas foram testadas as aplicações em pós-emergência de quatro tratamentos de herbicidas: mesotrione (0,192 kg ha-1), amicarbazone (1,4 kg ha-1), mesotrione mais amicarbazone (0,096 kg ha-1+ 0,7 kg ha-1) e 2,4-D (1,005 kg ha-1), na época úmida e a manutenção de tratamento sem herbicida. Para o controle de melão-de-são-caetano a aplicação de herbicidas na época úmida (período de chuvas) é obrigatória e desnecessária na época seca. Os herbicidas mesotrione e amicarbazone, isolados ou em mistura, aplicados na época úmida são eficazes no controle em pós-emergência das plantas e na inibição de novos fluxos de emergência de melão-de-são-caetano na época úmida.
Atributos físico-hídricos de um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico sob diferentes sistemas de manejo
Authors: Castro Orlando Melo de , Vieira Sidney Rosa , Siqueira Glécio Machado
Published: July 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de atributos físico-hídricos de um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico sob diferentes sistemas de manejo. O experimento foi realizado no Centro Experimental Central do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas, ano agrícola de 1990/1991. O solo da área é Latossolo, manejado com plantio direto (PD), preparo escarificado (PE) e preparo convencional (PC). O experimento foi realizado em parcelas de 7,5 x 15,0 m, com três repetições para cada sistema de manejo. Determinou-se a retenção de água, a capacidade de aeração, a capacidade de água disponível, a densidade do solo e a condutividade hidráulica do solo em função do conteúdo de água (θ), por meio do método do perfil instantâneo, avaliando-se a redistribuição da água no perfil do solo para os diferentes sistemas de manejo. Conclui-se que o preparo escarificado permitiu maior retenção de água na camada superficial, em função do aumento da porosidade; a condutividade hidráulica do solo não revelou diferenças para os três sistemas de preparo estudados na camada superficial, enquanto, em profundidade, no sistema de plantio direto ocorreram maiores valores de condutividade hidráulica quando comparado aos demais tratamentos.
Banda gástrica com desvio jejunoileal: nova opção técnica em cirurgia bariátrica
Authors: Zilberstein Bruno , Brito Alex Cleiton Garcia de , Joaquim Henrique Dameto Giroud , Carballo Michele Gatti
Published: July 2010

RACIONAL: Os procedimentos cirúrgicos para tratamento da obesidade morbida têm sido eficientes na resolução desta afecção a curto e longo prazo. Com exceção da banda gástrica ajustável todos estes procedimentos de alguma forma são capazes de induzir a liberação de hormônios intestinais em função do desvio intestinal e desta forma exercerem um efeito metabólico. OBJETIVO: Com a intenção de obter efeitos semelhantes às operações que promovem um desvio intestinal, com as vantagens de baixa morbidade e mortalidade da BGA, foi proposto novo procedimento técnico associando à banda gástrica ajustável a um desvio jejunoileal. MÉTODO: O procedimento cirúrgico totalmente conduzido por videolaparoscopia, consiste na aplicação inicial da banda gástrica e a seguir a realização de anastomose látero-lateral a 80 cm do ângulo duodenojejunal e 120 cm da válvula ileocecal. RESULTADOS: Foram operados 10 pacientes com esta técnica, seis mulheres e quatro homens com IMC médio de 40 kg/m². A perda média de excesso de peso nos seis primeiros meses foi de 51,56%. Em quatro pacientes diabéticos houve normalização dos níveis glicêmicos e suspensão do uso da medicação antidiabética. CONCLUSÃO: Adição de desvio jejunoileal látero-lateral à banda gástrica pode melhorar a perda de peso em pacientes portadores de obesidade mórbida e contribuir para o controle da diabete tipo II.
Aspectos interferentes na qualidade do curso de educação física na ótica do corpo discente
Authors: Antunes Marcelo Moreira , Polito Marcos Doederlein , Resende Helder Guerra de
Published: July 2010

O presente estudo objetivou identificar os aspectos que estão interferindo na qualidade do processo de formação acadêmico-profissional de um Curso de Educação Física da cidade do Rio de Janeiro de forma positiva ou negativa, considerando as opiniões de seu corpo discente. Para isso se utilizou a Técnica Dephi em dois rounds. No primeiro round 68 alunos listaram aspectos positivos e aspectos negativos do referido curso. No segundo round 407 informantes responderam a escala de opinião previamente construída, onde avaliaram se os indicadores listados eram positivos ou negativos, e ainda se eram muito ou pouco interferentes em sua formação acadêmico-profissional. Os resultados permitiram verificar que algumas categorias de análise foram predominantemente negativas, por exemplo, a biblioteca e o laboratório de informática. Entretanto a maioria das categorias demonstrou comportamento positivo. Deste modo os aspectos positivos foram predominantes sobre os negativos para essas categorias de análise. Identificou-se ainda que todos os indicadores eram muito interferentes na formação acadêmico-profissional para a maioria dos informantes.
Inheritance of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt of Flax in Punjab 531
Authors: Knowles P. F. , Houston Byron R. , McOnie J. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Punjab 53, which is a composite of wilt resistant selection; of flax stemming from a single plant of Punjab, is resistant to some clone; of wilt because of two complementary genes FUA and FUB—A and B for convenience. The original plant of Punjab apparently had the genotype AaBB or AABb.

A third gene FuC was found in Dakota 48–94 that would account for much of its resistance to one clone of wilt highly pathogenic on Punjab 53.
Effect of Nitrogen on Yield of Forage of Eight Grasses Grown in High Altitude Meadows of Wyoming1
Authors: Lewis Rulon D. , Lang Robert L.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

Effects of 0, 80, and 160 pounds nitrogen per acre on forage production and percentage crude protein of eight seeded grass species and varieties in a high altitude meadow near Pinedale, Wyoming were studied.

Common, Lincoln and Manchar bromegrass, orchardgrass, timothy, intermediate wheatgrass, meadow foxtail and Reed canarygrass were studied. Variations in species and variety response to nitrogen were noted. However, significant increases in forage production and percentage crude protein were obtained for all eight grasses.
Ground Cover and Height of Sward as a Means of Estimating Pasture Production1
Authors: Pasto Jerome K. , Allison John R. , Washko John B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Ground cover and sward height can be used to estimate forage production on permanent bluegrass and orchardgrass‐Ladino clover pastures. Ground cover alone can be used to delineate bluegrass pastures of low forage productivity, but by itself is an unreliable yardstick for estimating production on either high producing bluegrass or on orchardgrass‐Ladino clover pastures.
Karyology of Natural 4X, 6X and 8X Progenies of a Tetraploid (4X) Clone of Bromus inermis Leyss1
Authors: Hill Helen D. , Carnahan H. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Plants of a 28‐chromosome clone of bromegrass were interplanted in a nursery of 56‐chromosome Bromus inermis. Progeny of the tetraploid clone included tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid plants. The tetraploids were regular in meiosis, the hexaploids very irregular and the two octoploids fairly regular.

The meiotic data supported the hypothesis that Bromus inermis is autoploid for two basic genomes.
Yields and Other Agronomic Characteristics of Cytoplasmically Pollen Sterile Corn Hybrids, Compared to Their Normal Counterparts1
Authors: Duvick Donald N.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Performance patterns of several corn hybrids were changed with respect to grain yield, barrenness, tillering and in one instance, root lodging when Texas (T) cytoplasm was substituted for the hybrids' normal cytoplasm. Grain yield and barrenness of another hybrid were affected when USDA (S) cytoplasm was substituted for its normal cytoplasm. The extent and direction of these induced changes were markedly affected by (1) the genotype and (2) the physical environment during the growing season.
The Significance of Subsoil and Soil Series in Nebraska Soil Testing1
Authors: Olson R. A. , Dreier A. F. , Sorensen R. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Laboratory testing and field trials of fertilizers have established the important Nebraska soil series in definite categories with regard to pH, K and P status. Rather close correlation of subsoil nutrient status with that of the topsoil was noted. Thus little advantage would be expected from subsoil testing for annual crops. Fertilizer yield response data for small grains in the case of phosphorus verified the laboratory observations.
Gene Interactions in Maize Affecting Endosperm Properties1
Authors: Kramer H. H. , Pfahler P. L. , Whistler R. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The action and interaction of 5 genes, ae, du, su1, su2, and wx, conditioned amylose percentages in starch ranging from 0 to over 70%. Combinations of du, su2, and su2, which increased amylose content in a normal background, decreased amylose content in a homozygous ae background, and produced no amylose in a wx background. The five genes conditioned specific birefringence end‐point temperatures of endosperm starch and clear cut epistatic relationships in combination. End‐point temperatures were not related to amylose content.
Availability of Soil Phosphorus as Determined by Several Chemical Methods1
Authors: Lathwell D. J. , Sanchez N. , Lisk D. J. , Peech M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Methods employing an anion‐exchange resin were found to predict with a high degree of accuracy the phosphorus needs of soils as determined by crop responses to applications of phosphatic fertilizer.
The Relation Between Precipitation, Temperature and the Yield of Corn on the Agronomy South Farm, Urbana, Illinois1
Authors: Runge E. C. A. , Odell R. T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Precipitation and maximum daily temperatures 50 to 74 days before and 14 to 30 days after full tassel explained up to 67% of the corn yield variability during the period 1903 through 1956. When the upward trend in yields was included in this analysis, approximately 75% of the corn yield variability was explained.
A Comparison of Coastal and Common Bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) in the Piedmont Region: I. Yield Response to Fertilization1
Authors: Adams William E. , Stelly Matthias
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Coastal Bermudagrass grown with or without crimson clover was superior to common Bermudagrass at all fertility levels on Cecil sandy loam. Soil pH and soil K2O decreased with increasing N rates. Crimson clover suppressed the growth of the two Bermudagrasses in the first harvest, but increased the growth in the second harvest over grass without clover. Inclusion of clover increased the total forage production and provided earlier grazing than grass alone.
Effects of Polyploidy on Cotton Fibers1
Authors: Kamra Om P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Artificial polyploids exhibited the usual effects of chromosome doubling. Fiber perimeters and X‐ray angle increased apparently in the same proportion in the artificial Old World tetraploids, suggesting that polyploidy increases fiber thickness, but not length of helix in which the cellulose fibrils are deposited. In most samples of G. hirsutum octoploids, no such increase could be observed. In chimeras, leaf and seed epidermis (fibers) were sometimes derived from the same and sometimes from different cell layers.
Yield Components in Oats. II. The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization1
Authors: Frey Kenneth J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yield increases of 50 to 65% were due to nitrogen stimulation of more heads per plant and more seeds per head. Marion oats showed increases in both these characters, Clintland an increase in seeds per head, but Bond did not increase in any yield component.
Variation in Domestic Collections of Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L1
Authors: Eberhart S. A. , Newell L. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Comparisons of endemic strains of switch‐grass collected from native grassland show heritable variation which should be useful in a program of varietal improvement. Large numbers of collections should be made and breeding material selected for desired characters from the best native strains.
Vegetative and Floral Development in Red Clover as Affected by Duration and Intensity of Illumination1
Authors: Bula R. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Illumination period and intensity markedly affected dry weight accumulation or vegetative development in red clover. No floral stems were developed under illumination periods shorter than 16 hours regardless of intensity. Floral development occurred under low intensities and long illumination periods but was not as profuse as at higher intensities.
Cotton Seed Quality Preservation by a Hard Seed Coat Characteristic Which Restricts Internal Water Uptake1
Authors: Christiansen Meryl N. , Moore R. P. , Rhyne C. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

At high humidities, the moisture content of mature, normal cotton seed readily attains levels which cause rapid degeneration of embryos. In hard seeded types, an impermeable coat restricts water movement into embryos during periods of high atmospheric humidity thus permitting embryos to be maintained at earlier established low moisture contents that are favorable for preservation of seed quality.
Chemical, Anatomical, and Histochemical Studies on the Navy Bean Seed1
Authors: Powrie W. D. , Adams M. W. , Pflug I. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The seed coats, cotyledons, and embryonic axes constituted 7.7%, 90.5%, and 1.8% of the dry bean matter, respectively. Significant differences were found in the chemical composition of seed tissues. The migration of water through hydrated seed coats was demonstrated. The starch content of cotyledons was 39.3%. Starch granules were imbedded in protein matrices of parenchyma cells. The parenchyma cells of cotyledons possessed thick secondary walls with numerous paired pits.
Effect of Soil Compaction on Tomato and Potato Yields1
Authors: Flocker W. J. , Timm H. , Vomocil J. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yield of tomatoes was not significantly reduced following severe soil compaction but yield and quality of potatoes were lowered. Equipment operated over the soil in the fall when soil moisture is high caused soil compaction in the upper 6‐inch profile but this compaction tended to be alleviated during the winter months.
Zinc Deficiency of Corn and Potatoes as Related to Soil and Plant Analyses1
Authors: Grunes D. L. , Boawn L. C. , Carlson C. W. , Viets F. G.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Zn deficiencies of irrigated corn and potatoes were observed on exposed subsoils, following the removal of surface soil to facilitate gravity irrigation. Applications of ZnSO4 or manure remedied the Zn deficiency.
Effects of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization on Yield and Malting Quality of Barley1
Authors: Reisenauer H. M. , Dickson A. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Barley yields in three field experiments were increased by nitrogen and sulfur fertilization with a significant nitrogen × sulfur yield interaction. The higher rates of nitrogen fertilization decreased kernel size, increasd barley, malt, and wort nitrogen, and reduced malting quality. Sulfur fertilization had no effect on nitrogen content but increased the enzymatic activities of the malts.
Factors Affecting Tillering in Alfalfa1
Authors: Cowett Everett R. , Sprague Milton A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Tillering of established alfalfa plants was increased by anti‐auxin application and a short photoperiod, whereas tillering of seedlings was increased by long photoperiods. Soil moisture, light intensity, temperature, mineral nutrition, and cutting treatment altered bud and stem development concurrently as they affected vigor and over‐all growth.
Comparison of the Effects of Chemical and Sweep Tillage Methods of Summer Fallow on Some Properties of Pullman Silty Clay Loam1
Authors: McCalla T. M. , Army T. J. , Wiese A. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Using dalapon, 2,4‐D, and amitrole instead of sweep tillage for weed control during fallow periods in a wheat‐sorghum rotation did not have a measurable effect on soil pH, organic matter, wet sieve aggregation, or microorganisms. Chemical weed control reduced the number of nematodes and the nitrate content in the surface inch of soil. In laboratory studies, the three herbicides did not cause prolonged reductions in nitrification unless applied at excessively high amounts.
Tolerance of Berseem Clover to Salt1
Authors: Kaddah Malek T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The four known varieties of berseem exhibited moderate tolerance to salt. In general the sum of total cations in tops showed relatively little variation with increasing salinity. Successive cuts of berseem manifested different responses to salinity which generally though not invariably increased dry matter content in the fresh fodder.
Establishment and Yield of Late‐Summer Alfalfa Seedings as Influenced by Placement of Seed and Phosphate Fertilizer, Seeding Rate, and Row Spacing1
Authors: Carmer S. G. , Jackobs J. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Band‐placement of seed and fertilizer increased the yield when adverse environmental conditions followed the seeding date, but not under more favorable conditions. The level of intra‐crop competition during the seeding year increased as seeding rate and population increased, but was also influenced by the environment. Intra‐crop competition was apparently lower when emergence was delayed 3 weeks due to dry weather. High levels of intra‐crop competition may limit plant size and subsequent yield.
Evaluating the Effects of Cutting Date on Yield and Nutritive Value of Alfalfa with Rabbit Feeding Trials and Chemical Analysis1
Authors: Moline W. J. , Wedin W. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yield reductions from early harvest of first‐cutting alfalfa generally were compensated for by increased yields of dry matter of the second cutting. The decrease in percent crude protein and increase in percent crude fiber with advanced maturity of alfalfa were more pronounced in first cutting forage than in the second cutting. Feeding trials with rabbits effectively demonstrated a decrease in the nutritive value of alfalfa with increase in maturity of the first cutting.
Root Distribution and Development of Vegetable Crops as Measured by Radioactive Phosphorus Injection Technique1
Authors: Hammes Jack K. , Bartz J. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Carrot roots were active to a depth of 30 inches and showed deeper rooting in a loam than in a muck. Between blossom and harvest snap bean roots developed at a rapid rate and primarily downward. About 80% of the actively absorbing roots of onion and pepper were in the upper 8 inches of soil. On Carlisle muck there was little difference in P uptake by potatoes at applications of 2 to 16 pounds P per acre.
Growth Stages of Corn (Zea mays, L.)1
Authors: Hanway J. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Different stages in the growth of corn are described and illustrated to serve as the basis for sampling corn plants in future research studies.
Leaching and Gaseous Losses of Nitrogen From Some Nontilled California Soils1
Authors: Harding R. B. , Embleton T. W. , Jones W. W. , Ryan T. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Leaching and volatile losses of N from some southern California soils were studied when various nitrogenous fertilizers were broadcast and unincorporated. Under sprinkler irrigation, substantial leaching losses occurred with Ca(NO3)2. Manure was an inefficient source of N. Substantial volatile losses of NH3 occurred with urea on calcareous as well as acid soils. In comparative studies of atmospheric NH3 loss, the order of magnitude was urea>(NH4)2SO4>NH4NO3> urea‐formaldehyde.
Persistence of Ladino Clover, Trifolium repens L.1
Authors: Schillinger J. A. , Leffel R. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Persistence of Ladino white clover as measured by percent ground cover was not affected by a high level of potassium fertilization, a winter mulch of wheat straw, reseeding practices, or an orchardgrass association when compared with optimum management practices but was improved by preplanting soil sterilizations and subsequent applications of soil and foliar insecticides throughout the 2l/2 years of the experiment.
Available Zinc Status of Wisconsin Soils as Determined by Aspergillus niger1
Authors: Martens D. C. , Chesters G. , Murdock J. T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The method involves buffering the test system with oxalic acid to suppress growth of contaminating microorganisms; an incubation period of 8 days at 30° C. is recommended. From statistical analyses the A. niger assay can be used to predict satisfactorily the uptake of Zn by plants particularly if the effects of pH and clay content of the soil are taken into account when making the prediction.
Influence of Plant Population, Hybrid, and “Productivity Level” on Irrigated Corn Production1
Authors: Colville W. L. , Dreier A. , McGill D. P. , Grabouski P. , Ehlers P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Highest grain yields were obtained from adapted full season corn hybrids grown at 16,000 to 20,000 plants per acre. Portions of the yield losses associated with planting early as compared to full season hybrids can be recovered by planting at higher populations per acre. “Productivity level” of the experimental areas and hybrid markedly influenced the slope, direction, and shape of grain yield curves.
Response of Lee Soybeans to Different Strains of Rhizobium japonicum1
Authors: Abel George H. , Erdman Lewis W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In soils free of soybean rhizobia, some strains of Rhizobium japonicum were more effective than others on Lee soybeans. In rhizobia‐contaminated soil, none of the strains caused any detectable growth responses on seed‐inoculated plants.
Influence of Nitrogen and Potassium on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Orchardgrass1
Authors: Griffith William K. , Teel Merle R. , Parker Herbert E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nitrogen increased orchardgrass yields significantly throughout the season. However, potassium produced a significant yield increase only at the third harvest. Both nutrients depressed the percent total fructose of the sheaths during the first two growth periods. This effect was reversed for nitrogen during the third growth period. Asparagine accumulated abnormally in the second and third harvests when potassium fell below 1.6% of the dry weight.
Estimation of Soil Variability and Convenient Plot Size From Corn Trials1
Authors: Hallauer Arnel R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Estimates of soil variability were obtained from data on experimental corn grown at 15 locations in Iowa. A weighted regression analysis was used and an estimate of .46 was obtained from the combined analysis over all locations with the estimates at the individual locations ranging from .35 to .78. Convenient combinations of plot size were calculated for various combinations of soil variability and coefficients of variation.
Nitrogen Dioxide Production From Silage. II. Detailed Field Survey1
Authors: Scaletti J. V. , Jezeski J. J. , Gates C. E. , Schuman L. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

During a 5‐year period (1957–1961), the presence of NO2 gas produced from corn silage in concentrations considered haazrdous was observed on 42% of 554 Minnesota farms. The highest incidence of positive samples occurred during a drought year, 1959 (78%), and the following year (55%). Temperature and rainfall variables were associated with the production of NO2 gas as were certain soil properties including texture, organic matter, available phosphorus, and potassium.
Effect of Nitrogen, Potassium, and Plant Age on Certain Nitrogenous Constituents and Malate Content of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)1
Authors: Cummings George A. , Teel Merle R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Malate, true protein nitrogen, free amino nitrogen, and nonprotein nitrogen other than free amino nitrogen were positively correlated with nitrogen supply with both 4‐ and 6‐week‐old orchardgrass leaves. The degree of association varied with plant age and potassium content. Nonprotein nitrogen compounds and malate were negatively correlated with potassium. True protein was positively correlated with the potassium content.
Effect of Planting Date on Seed Yield, Oil Content, and Water Requirement of Safflower1
Authors: Luebs R. E. , Yermanos D. M. , Laag A. E. , Burge W. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yields of irrigated safflower decreased between 150 and 300 pounds per acre for each 4‐ to 6‐week delay in planting from January 16 to April 23. Seed weight, hull content, linoleic acid content, and iodine values of the oil decreased in the later plantings, while oil content of seed increased. Total irrigation requirements for January, February, and March plantings were similar. Average consumptive moisture use was 34.4 inches, and the peak average daily moisture use was 0.39 inch.
Effect of Soil Moisture Tension on CO2 Evolution From Corn Seedlings1
Authors: Twersky M. , Perrier E. R. , Peters D. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The conversion of dry matter from the endosperm to the embryo decreases as soil moisture tension increases. CO2 evolution also decreases with increasing soil moisture tension. The decline in embryo growth and CO2 evolution exhibits a parallel relationship with growth decreasing at a faster rate than CO2 evolution.
Establishing and Maintaining Roadside Cover in the Piedmont Plateau of Georgia1
Authors: Richardson E. C. , Diseker Ellis G.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Erosion control can be secured on most steep roadbanks by establishing good vegetative cover of adapted species. Mulch aids this cover establishment and provides temporary erosion control until sufficient plant cover develops. Adequate fertilizer and lime hasten plant growth and cover. Proper mowing schedules aid seed production, plant vigor, and cover development.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Carbohydrate Content of Coastal Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon, (L.), Pers.)1
Authors: Adegbola Anthony A. , McKell Cyrus M.
Published: July 2010

This study relates the effect of applying nitrogen at 3 rates (0, 100, and 250 pounds per acre applied at 6‐week intervals) on the carbohydrate content of leaves, stems and stolons, and roots and rhizomes of Coastal bermudagrass. Plant tissues were analyzed for reducing (glucose and fructose) and nonreducing (sucrose) sugars and for fructosans every 2 weeks during the 1963 growing season.

The reducing sugar content of leaves increased with increasing rates of fertilization. In stems and stolons, as well as in roots and rhizomes, no significant changes occurred in reducing sugar content throughout the growth season. In the leaves there were no significant differences in content of sucrose and fructosan due to fertilizer application, but in stems and stolons, as well as in rhizomes and roots, sucrose and fructosan content decreased with increasing fertilization.

Bermudagrass fertilized at the high rate apparently retains most of the newly synthesized carbohydrate as reducing sugar in the leaves. The amount of carbohydrate translocated into rhizomes at the high nitrogen level is a small fraction of the total amount synthesized. During the active growth phase, sucrose may be equally as important a source of reserve for regrowth as fructosan.