bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Contemporary Trends in Femoral Neck Fracture Management Reveals Discrepancies in Treatment
Authors: Bishop Julius , Yang Arthur , Githens Michael , Sox Alex H. S.
Published: July 2016

Background:

Recent evidence supports total hip arthroplasty (THA) as compared to hemiarthroplasty (HA) for the management of displaced femoral neck fractures in a significant subset of elderly patients. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in femoral neck fracture management over the last 12 years.

Methods:

Using the National Inpatient Sample database, we identified patients treated for femoral neck fractures between 1998 and 2010 with THA, HA, or internal fixation (IF). We examined treatment trends and demographic variables including patient age, gender, socioeconomic status, and payer and hospital characteristics.

Results:

We identified 362 127 femoral neck fracture patients treated between 1998 and 2010. Overall, there were statistically significant increases in rates of THA and HA, whereas rates of IF decreased. Total hip arthroplasty varied based on patient age, with significant increases occurring in age-groups 0 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, and 70 to 79 years. Utilization of THA varied significantly based on socioeconomic status and race. Patient sex, urban versus rural hospital location, and teaching versus nonteaching hospital status were not related to rates of THA.

Conclusion:

Rates of THA for femoral neck fractures increased between 1998 and 2010 in patients younger than 80 years, suggesting that surgeons are responding to clinical evidence supporting THA for the treatment of elderly femoral neck fractures. This is the first study to demonstrate this change and expose disparities in practice patterns over time in response to this evidence in the United States. Further research is indicated to explore the effect of socioeconomic status and race on femoral neck fracture management.
Positioning Theory and Small-Group Interaction
Authors: Hirvonen Pasi
Published: July 2016

This study introduces positioning theory in the analysis of small-group dynamics in joint decision-making episodes. Specifically, it seeks to identify the key concepts that come into play when positioning theory is applied to analyze small-group interaction and small-group dynamics. Positioning theory aims to examine the discursive production of interpersonal positions that rely on the local moral orders of the interlocutors. The study presented here draws on transcribed material from four management board meetings of a Finnish public research institute, including a total of 18 decision-making episodes. First, the findings show how decision-making episodes consist of fluctuating storylines, how different positions are created, and how social positioning is connected to task positioning. Second, task positioning and the effects of the positioning negotiations are discussed, particularly, how positioning is connected to the progression of the meeting, to establishing the chair’s position as the facilitator, and to the negotiation of shared themes and concepts is shown. Third, the analysis indicates how the local moral orders of a small group are negotiated and constructed.
Cost-Effective Recruitment Strategies That Attract Underrepresented Minority Undergraduates Who Persist to STEM Doctorates
Authors: Shadding Cherilynn R. , Whittington Dawayne , Wallace Latricia E. , Wandu Wambul S. , Wilson Richard K.
Published: July 2016

The paucity of underrepresented minorities (URMs) earning science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) degrees remains an issue in revitalizing the U.S. biomedical workforce. Due to reductions in federal funding, maintaining the integrity of programs that focus on URM retention and recruitment is crucial. We present data on the mechanisms used to recruit URM students to our program (e.g., email, events, referrals, website), which individually were equally effective in attracting applicants to the program. Recruitment mechanisms were grouped and further classified relative to their cost to implement as lower and higher cost. Our results indicate that lower cost mechanisms, statistically, were as effective as higher cost mechanisms in recruiting students who persisted to PhD programs. Using a binary logistic regression model to predict PhD matriculation, higher cost mechanisms were not significant predictors of PhD matriculation. Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time that lower cost mechanisms can be as successful in recruiting URM students to summer programs who pursue PhDs in STEM fields.
Advantages of Online Methods in Planning Research
Authors: Wieters K. Meghan
Published: July 2016

This article examines the effectiveness of using online survey methods in planning research. This study measured travel behavior and physical activity of office workers over a month period. An online travel diary, pedometer, and online survey were used to assess walking levels and transportation habits for office workers. A subset of the sample used a paper travel diary, which was used for comparison. Analysis of missing data was performed to explore implications of using online survey methods. Using online travel diaries and surveys to assess objective and subjective data can help to reduce recall bias, missing data, and greater flexibility survey administration.
Friendship and Romantic Relationships During Early and Middle Childhood
Authors: Cannoni Eleonora , Bombi Anna Silvia
Published: July 2016

Ideas about romantic relationships have been studied in adolescents. This article extends this study to younger children. We asked two hundred seventy 5- to 11-year-olds to draw “two children who have a romance” and “two children who are friends,” and we subsequently interviewed each participant about the characters’ relationships. The drawings were coded with three scales of Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships (PAIR), an instrument by Bombi, Pinto, and Cannoni. Interviews were categorized by the characters’ age and identity and by the distinguishing features of romance and friendship: location, intimacy, activity, personal characteristics, and emotions. Scale scores were compared with variance analyses, whereas the categories frequencies were submitted to chi-square. Results showed that all participants were able to distinguish the two relationships, even if the descriptions increased in detail with age. Girls provided more information than boys about romance, but were less inclined to talk about their own romantic experiences.
Ergonomic Risk Factors and Their Association With Lower Back and Neck Pain Among Pharmaceutical Employees in Iran
Authors: Labbafinejad Yasser , Imanizade Zahra , Danesh Hossein
Published: July 2016

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the ergonomic risk factors for low back pain (LBP) and neck pain in an industry in which only light tasks are performed. These common disorders can be significant work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This study included 396 employees who worked in packaging units of pharmaceutical companies. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) were used to generate data. This study showed an association between LBP, RULA scores, and workers’ education. For neck pain, an association was found with age, gender, and subjective questions about working posture (mostly sitting/standing or alternating between the two). Absence from work more than 3 days, which could have been associated with pain, was significantly associated with both disorders.
School Setting Behavior That Characterizes Social Justice
Authors: Mitchell Ross E. , Goodyear Rodney K. , Both Gragg Janee , Mirci Philip S. , Morgan Ronald
Published: July 2016

We used prototype theory to illustrate the concept of social justice in school settings, particularly as it might inform the education of school leaders. Using expert input, we developed descriptions of school setting actions predicted to be perceived as prototypical of social justice in education, as well as of actions that were predicted to be either peripheral or antithetical to the construct. Panels of (a) social justice education faculty and (b) students in social justice–oriented school leadership doctoral programs rated the extent to which each of these resulting 46 actions characterized social justice. Data were analyzed to map the concept.
Conceptual and Methodological Clues for Approaching the Connections between Mexico and the Holocaust: Separate or Interconnected Histories?
Authors: Liwerant Judit Bokser , Gleizer Daniela , Siman Yael
Published: July 2016

Connections between the Holocaust and Latin America have yet to be fully elucidated. Next to the US, Latin America collectively hosted the largest number of European refugees during the 1930s and 1940s. During the Second World War, it held a non-marginal place in a highly interconnected global scenario and hence it is essential to incorporate a transnational perspective to examine the multiple contacts, links, and exchanges created by social and political actors across the borders of nation-states and beyond the geographies of the Holocaust on the European continent. By tracing how individual and collective agents interacted at the levels of state, society, and community, it is possible to shed light on a complex history of interconnected and separate processes and decisions. Although Mexico was one of the Latin American countries that admitted a low number of refugees (ca. 2,000), its role as a host country constitutes a rich opportunity for exploring key issues of rescue, survival, and integration and the interconnections among governmental and non-governmental actors remained frequent and intense during the war and its aftermath. Methodologically, it offers some clues for bringing together macro- and micro-histories as well as historical analysis and oral history.
A Theoretical Framework for Value Creation: A Multidimensional Strategy/Model for Improving Social Economic Performance
Authors: Miller Leon
Published: July 2016

The tenets shaping Western civilization’s notion of managing economic resources and for political economy indicate that there is a dichotomy between the value in exchange and value in use economic value theories (e.g., that the two are incommensurate at the very least as in Aristotle or that there is even a discrepancy between the two as in Adam Smith). However, recent developments in value creation call for a reconceptualization of the value theory—in terms of how it applies to subjective values, organizational behaviour and economic activity. This article argues that although there is much literature announcing a pendulum shift towards value in use, there is a lack of an adequate explanation of how to resolve the long-standing discrepancy in the value theories. In addition, the literature heralding the new value concept is inadequate in explicating it in terms most useful to practitioner—how it can be applied as a theoretical model for improving performance.

This article adds to the body of literature heralding the new value concept and its potential for improving organizational and social economic performances by explaining the factors connected with the value creation concept that make it an effective multidimensional strategy for integrating the economic resources of society to create increased benefit for all stakeholders plus by explaining how the value creation concept can be developed into an integrative theoretical business strategy and/or model.
Prothrombotic skeletal muscle myosin directly enhances prothrombin activation by binding factors Xa and Va
Authors: Deguchi Hiroshi , Sinha Ranjeet K. , Marchese Patrizia , Ruggeri Zaverio M. , Zilberman-Rudenko Jevgenia , McCarty Owen J. T. , Cohen Mitchell J. , Griffin John H.
Published: July 2016

Key Points

Skeletal muscle myosin promotes thrombus formation and enhances prothrombin activation by binding factors Xa and Va. The procoagulant activity of skeletal muscle myosin might contribute to the hypercoagulability in plasmas of acute trauma patients.
Combined administration of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing IGF-1 and HGF enhances neovascularization but moderately improves cardiac regeneration in a porcine model
Authors: Gómez-Mauricio Guadalupe , Moscoso Isabel , Martín-Cancho María-Fernanda , Crisóstomo Verónica , Prat-Vidal Cristina , Báez-Díaz Claudia , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M. , Bernad Antonio
Published: July 2016

Background

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are among the most promising growth factors for promoting cardiorepair. Here, we evaluated the combination of cell- and gene-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) genetically modified to overexpress IGF-1 or HGF to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a porcine model.

Methods

Pig MSC from adipose tissue (paMSC) were genetically modified for evaluation of different therapeutic strategies to improve AMI treatment. Three groups of infarcted Large White pigs were compared (I, control, non-transplanted; II, transplanted with paMSC-GFP (green fluorescent protein); III, transplanted with paMSC-IGF-1/HGF). Cardiac function was evaluated non-invasively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for 1 month. After euthanasia and sampling of the animal, infarcted areas were studied by histology and immunohistochemistry.

Results

Intramyocardial transplant in a porcine infarct model demonstrated the safety of paMSC in short-term treatments. Treatment with paMSC-IGF-1/HGF (1:1) compared with the other groups showed a clear reduction in inflammation in some sections analyzed and promoted angiogenic processes in ischemic tissue. Although cardiac function parameters were not significantly improved, cell retention and IGF-1 overexpression was confirmed within the myocardium.

Conclusions

The simultaneous administration of IGF-1- and HGF-overexpressing paMSC appears not to promote a synergistic effect or effective repair. The combined enhancement of neovascularization and fibrosis in paMSC-IGF-1/HGF-treated animals nonetheless suggests that sustained exposure to high IGF-1 + HGF levels promotes beneficial as well as deleterious effects that do not improve overall cardiac regeneration.
Alcohol exposure leads to unrecoverable cardiovascular defects along with edema and motor function changes in developing zebrafish larvae
Authors: Li Xu , Gao Aiai , Wang Yanan , Chen Man , Peng Jun , Yan Huaying , Zhao Xin , Feng Xizeng , Chen Dongyan
Published: July 2016

Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause a series of developmental disorders in the fetus called FAS (fetal alcohol syndrome). In the present study we exposed zebrafish embryos to 1% and 2% alcohol and observed the morphology of heart and blood vessels during and after exposure to investigate motor function alterations, and damage and recovery to the cardiovascular system. The results showed that alcohol exposure could induce heart deformation, slower heart rate, and incomplete blood vessels and pericardium. After stopping exposure, larvae exposed to 1% alcohol could recover only in heart morphology, but larvae in 2% alcohol could not recover either morphology or function of cardiovascular system. The edema-like characteristics in the 2% alcohol group became more conspicuous afterwards, with destruction in the dorsal aorta, coarctation in segmental arteries and a decrease in motor function, implying more serious unrecoverable cardiovascular defects in the 2% group. The damaged blood vessels in the 2% alcohol group resulted in an alteration in permeability and a decrease of blood volume, which were the causes of edema in pathology. These findings contribute towards a better understanding of ethanol-induced cardiovascular abnormalities and co-syndrome in patients with FAS, and warns against excessive maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Non-invasive single-cell biomechanical analysis using live-imaging datasets
Authors: Pearson Yanthe E. , Lund Amanda W. , Lin Alex W. H. , Ng Chee P. , Alsuwaidi Aysha , Azzeh Sara , Gater Deborah L. , Teo Jeremy C. M.
Published: July 2016

The physiological state of a cell is governed by a multitude of processes and can be described by a combination of mechanical, spatial and temporal properties. Quantifying cell dynamics at multiple scales is essential for comprehensive studies of cellular function, and remains a challenge for traditional end-point assays. We introduce an efficient, non-invasive computational tool that takes time-lapse images as input to automatically detect, segment and analyze unlabeled live cells; the program then outputs kinematic cellular shape and migration parameters, while simultaneously measuring cellular stiffness and viscosity. We demonstrate the capabilities of the program by testing it on human mesenchymal stem cells (huMSCs) induced to differentiate towards the osteoblastic (huOB) lineage, and T-lymphocyte cells (T cells) of naïve and stimulated phenotypes. The program detected relative cellular stiffness differences in huMSCs and huOBs that were comparable to those obtained with studies that utilize atomic force microscopy; it further distinguished naïve from stimulated T cells, based on characteristics necessary to invoke an immune response. In summary, we introduce an integrated tool to decipher spatiotemporal and intracellular dynamics of cells, providing a new and alternative approach for cell characterization.
Golden Dawn through a psychosocial lens
Authors: Dragonas Thalia
Published: July 2016

The economic and sociopolitical factors related to the current Greek crisis are translated into intrapsychic and interpersonal mechanisms in order to explain the political phenomenon of Golden Dawn. I draw on psychoanalytic concepts to reflect on how the crisis has functioned as a mechanism for the production and control of individual and collective subjectivities. I argue that the crisis has created immense insecurity and has fuelled feelings of desperation, fear and anger. For some, these feelings have been displaced onto a substitute reality offered by a transcendent group represented by Golden Dawn; personal boundaries have loosened, and subjectivities have been absorbed by a large, collective “false self”. At the centre of the notion of this substitute reality is the fantasy of omnipotence, channelled through the mechanism of projection onto the leader of the group. History is used and misused in order to cement the psychic life of the group and as a compensatory mechanism for the felt national shame. Moreover, collective denigration, or even extinction, of immigrants serves to displace negative feelings and impulses onto the “other”. I borrow Freud’s contention that when evil is not condemned, raw and wild impulses are let loose –hence, the assassination of a leftwing rapper that has landed Golden Dawn in court.
Vita magistra historiae? Life experience and meanings of the past
Authors: Petri Rolf
Published: July 2016

The article tackles the question of how the historian’s personal experience interacts with professional choices. To assess in an experimental manner the methodological reach of autobiographical narration, the author considers his own case. In a first step he narrates how he was politicised in the 1970s and what history had to do with it. In a second step he reflects on his early professional activities and ponders how the turning point of 1989 interfered with his changing interests in the past. The final part is devoted to more general considerations regarding the influence of life experience on doing history. While the author’s experience confirms that biography influences professional choices, his theoretical and methodological argumentation rejects the idea that autobiographical writing should account for a new subjectivity paradigm in historiography.
Review of Philip Carabott, Yannis Hamilakis and Eleni Papargyriou (eds), Camera Graeca: Photographs, Narratives, Materialities
Authors: Petsini Penelope
Published: July 2016

Philip Carabott, Yannis Hamilakis and Eleni Papargyriou, eds. Camera Graeca: Photographs, Narratives, Materialities. Farnham: Ashgate, 2015. 375 pp.
Review of Yannis Kondaratos', Η θεωρία του William Blake για την τέχνη και η σημασία του εικαστικού του έργου για την κατανόησή της
Authors: Hamalidi Elena
Published: July 2016

Yannis Kondaratos. Η θεωρία του William Blake για την τέχνη και η σημασία του εικαστικού του έργου για την κατανόησή της [William Blake’s theory of art and the significance of his artwork for its understanding]. Athens: Nissos, 2013. 328 pp.
Review of Evanthis Hatzivassiliou's, NATO and Western Perceptions of the Soviet Bloc: Alliance Analysis and Reporting, 1951-1969
Authors: Roussos Sotiris
Published: July 2016

Evanthis Hatzivassiliou. NATO and Western Perceptions of the Soviet Bloc: Alliance Analysis and Reporting, 1951-1969. London: Routledge, 2014. xii + 228 pp.
MRI T1ρ and T2 mapping for the assessment of articular cartilage changes in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis after hemicallotasis osteotomy
Authors: Nishioka H. , Nakamura E. , Hirose J. , Okamoto N. , Yamabe S. , Mizuta H.
Published: July 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to clarify the appearance of the reparative tissue on the articular surface and to analyse the properties of the reparative tissue after hemicallotasis osteotomy (HCO) using MRI T1ρ and T2 mapping.

Methods

Coronal T1ρ and T2 mapping and three-dimensional gradient-echo images were obtained from 20 subjects with medial knee osteoarthritis. We set the regions of interest (ROIs) on the full-thickness cartilage of the medial femoral condyle (MFC) and medial tibial plateau (MTP) of the knee and measured the cartilage thickness (mm) and T1ρ and T2 relaxation times (ms). Statistical analysis of time-dependent changes in the cartilage thickness and the T1ρ and T2 relaxation times was performed using one-way analysis of variance, and Scheffe’s test was employed for post hoc multiple comparison.

Results

The cartilage-like repair tissue appeared on the cartilage surface of the medial compartment post-operatively, and the cartilage thickness showed a significant increase between the pre-operative and one-year post-operative time points (MFC; p = 0.003, MTP; p < 0.001). The T1ρ values of the cartilage-like repair tissue showed no difference over time, however, the T2 values showed a significant decrease between the pre-operative and one-year post-operative time points (MFC; p = 0.004, MTP; p = 0.040).

Conclusion

This study clarified that the fibrocartilage-like repair tissue appeared on the articular surface of the medial compartment after HCO as evidenced by MRI T1ρ and T2 mapping. Cite this article: H. Nishioka, E. Nakamura, J. Hirose, N. Okamoto, S. Yamabe, H. Mizuta. MRI T1ρ and T2 mapping for the assessment of articular cartilage changes in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis after hemicallotasis osteotomy. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:294–300. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.57.BJR-2016-0057.R1.
Oocyte maturation and quality: role of cyclic nucleotides
Authors: Gilchrist R B , Luciano A M , Richani D , Zeng H T , Wang X , Vos M De , Sugimura S , Smitz J , Richard F J , Thompson J G
Published: July 2016

The cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, are the key molecules controlling mammalian oocyte meiosis. Their roles in oocyte biology have been at the forefront of oocyte research for decades, and many of the long-standing controversies in relation to the regulation of oocyte meiotic maturation are now resolved. It is now clear that the follicle prevents meiotic resumption through the actions of natriuretic peptides and cGMP – inhibiting the hydrolysis of intra-oocyte cAMP – and that the pre-ovulatory gonadotrophin surge reverses these processes. The gonadotrophin surge also leads to a transient spike in cAMP in the somatic compartment of the follicle. Research over the past two decades has conclusively demonstrated that this surge in cAMP is important for the subsequent developmental capacity of the oocyte. This is important, as oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) systems practised clinically do not recapitulate this cAMP surge in vitro, possibly accounting for the lower efficiency of IVM compared with clinical IVF. This review particularly focuses on this latter aspect – the role of cAMP/cGMP in the regulation of oocyte quality. We conclude that clinical practice of IVM should reflect this new understanding of the role of cyclic nucleotides, thereby creating a new generation of ART and fertility treatment options.
Student Suicides: A Tragic Silent Issue and Potential Solutions
Authors: Hagen Neelima , Russell Ashish Pralhad
Published: July 2016

Suicide is the second leading cause of death for youth between the ages of 15 and 24. Of them, depression is a notorious contributor, and a suicidal thought is one of the most frightening things a person can face in their lifetime. However, acting on the suicidal thoughts is a far too common scenario for a large population across the world. Of the major contributing reasons, lacking of confidentiality is the one underlying the emerging incidences of student suicide. It is of extremely importance for the student to be protected and the school personnel to be enabled to provide assistance on this issue. It is known about the necessity for providing pertinent assistance, yet it is often difficult to obtain actual information upon the student’s real condition. Theoretically, we can figure out a list of the measures solving this problem, like securing a signed release from parents/ guardians to communicate with the student’s therapist/counselor. Nonetheless, it is hard to put them into practice. Attempting to solve this issue is needed to have a straightforward communication between school and parents or guardians, through which vital decisions concerning needed supports and the student’s schedule can be made. All related issues are likely to surface and need to be considered seriously on a case-by- case individual basis. In this review, we will discuss at length about the student suicide and will provide potential solutions to help conquer it.
A szájüregi szűrés költséghatékonysága Magyarországon
Authors: Vokó Zoltán , Túri Gergő , Zsólyom Adriána
Published: July 2016

Introduction: The burden of oral cancer is high in Hungary. Aim: To study the cost-effectiveness of potential oral cancer screening in Hungary. Method: Three strategies were compared: no introduction of screening, organized yearly screening for 40-year-old males in general medical practise, and opportunistic screening of high risk 40-year-old males in primary care. Local estimates of health utilities and costs of each health state and of the screening programmes were identified. The main outcomes were total costs, quality adjusted life years, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Results: Depending on the efficacy of the treatments of precancerous lesions and the participation rate, screening strategies are cost-effective over a 15–20 year time course. The opportunistic screening of high risk people is more cost-effective than the other strategies. Conclusions: Opportunistic screening of high risk people would be cost-effective in Hungary. The uncertainty about the efficacy of the treatments of precancerous lesions requires more research to support evidence based health policy making. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(29), 1161–1170.
Szükség van szívódrénre elektív csípőprotézis-műtétek során?
Authors: Major Tibor , Bikov András , Holnapy Gergely , Bejek Zoltán , Bakos Bernadett , Szendrői Miklós , Skaliczki Gábor
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Several studies have been published which questioned the use of suction drain during elective hip arthroplasty. Aim: In this prospective study the authors examined how the use of suction drainage affected complications related to perioperative blood loss and hemorrhage in patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty. Method: Eighty-six patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty were divided into two groups. In 54 patients (“drain” group) suction drains were used during operation, whereas in 32 patients no suction drain was applied. Perioperative blood loss, use of tranexamic acid, method of thrombosis prophylaxis, transfusion requirement, incidental postoperative hemorrhage, septic complications, and all other postoperative complications were recorded. Results: Perioperative blood loss was affected with the use of tranexamic acid but not with the use of drainage (p = 0.94). Patients without the use of drain showed a tendency of lower transfusion requirement (p = 0.08). There was no correlation between any complications and the use of drainage. Conclusion: In accordance with published results the authors conclude that the routine use of suction drainage during elective hip arthroplasty is not definitely necessary. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(29), 1171–1176.
A jobb kamrai anatómia és funkció korszerű echokardiográfiás vizsgálata: patológiás és fiziológiás eltérések
Authors: Lakatos Bálint , Kovács Attila , Tokodi Márton , Doronina Alexandra , Merkely Béla
Published: July 2016

Accurate assessment of right ventricular geometry and function is of high clinical importance. However, several limitations have to be taken into consideration if using conventional echocardiographic parameters. Advanced echocardiographic techniques, such as speckle-tracking analysis or 3D echocardiography are reliable and simple tools providing a cost-effective and non-invasive alternative of current modalities used to characterize the right ventricle. There is a growing interest in the diagnostic and prognostic value of these methods regarding pathological (right ventricular infarction, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, follow-up of heart transplantation) and even physiological (athlete’s heart) alterations of the right ventricle. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(29), 1139–1146.
Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga V: Seridó Ecological Station (Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil)
Authors: Caldas Francis Luiz Santos , Costa Taís Borges , Laranjeiras Daniel Orsi , Mesquita Daniel Oliveira , Garda Adrian Antonio
Published: July 2016

We provide a list of lizards, snakes, chelonians, and amphibians collected during a 30-day expedition to the Seridó Ecological Station (ESEC Seridó), Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. We sampled species using thirty-seven pitfall trap stations composed of four buckets each, along with glue traps and active searches. We recorded 13 species of lizards, eight snakes, 19 amphibians, and one chelonian. Rarefaction curves suggest local biodiversity is still underestimated. Sampling during rainy season was crucial to stabilize rarefaction curve for amphibians. Comparisons of our results with data from literature show we did not capture some arboreal and semifossorial lizards known for the area. Seridó Ecological Station fauna is characterized mainly by generalist species common to lowland Caatinga sites. Still, several Caatinga endemics species are found, which underscore the importance of this small but representative protected area.
Leveraging a Large Learner Corpus for Automatic Suggestion of Collocations for Learners of Japanese as a Second Language
Authors: Pereira Lis , Manguilimotan Erlyn , Matsumoto Yuji
Published: July 2016

One of the challenges of learning Japanese as a Second Language (JSL) is finding the appropriate word for a particular usage. To address this challenge, we developed a collocational aid designed to suggest more appropriate collocations in Japanese. In particular, we address the problem of generating and ranking noun and verb candidates for correcting potential collocation errors in the learners’ text. Given a noun-verb construction as input, our system generates possible noun or verb correction candidates based on noun and verb corrections extracted from a large Japanese learner corpus. We use this corpus to investigate the learner’s tendency to commit collocation errors, and to produce a smaller and more realistic set of candidates. After combining nouns or verbs with the generated candidates to form noun-verb pairs, the system uses the Weighted Dice coefficient as the association measure to filter out inappropriate noun-verb pairs and rank the proper collocations. We report the detailed evaluation and results on learner data. In addition, we show that our system statistically outperforms existing approaches to collocation error correction. Finally, we report a preliminary user study with JSL learners.
Language learning and the gendered self
Authors: Knisely Kris Aric
Published: July 2016

In a time of ever-increasing globalisation, the development of diverse linguistic skills has been growing in importance despite a trend of reduced language learning, which is particularly marked in Anglophone countries. Although the need for international interaction is not gender-specific, a growing body of literature has identified gender-related differences in language education. Existing research has demonstrated that different target languages have been gendered by students in different ways. Extending the existing literature, focused primarily on adolescents, a survey was administered to 294 students at four universities in the southeastern US to explore the degree to which young adults perceive languages as gendered and to which taking French is perceived as gender-norm violating. Findings suggest that although there are some similarities in terms of the gendering of languages and language study among adolescent and young adult learners, differences exists in the nature of this gendering.
Walking the straight and narrow
Authors: Hazenberg Evan
Published: July 2016

The social category of gender is often considered binary in linguistic research, but this division glosses over the myriad identities within the broad categories of ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’. It also ignores the gendered experiences of participants, particularly transsexuals, for whom language is an important social signal of identity. Two sociolinguistic variables (adjectival intensification and the phonetic production of [s]) are used to explore the linguistic construction of gender within a corpus of straight, queer and transsexual speakers in Ottawa, Canada. Both variables emerge as sites for social identity work, suggesting that speakers with the most to lose practice a kind of linguistic conservatism. Straight men, who run the risk of losing the enormous social capital associated with heteronormative masculinity, take pains to avoid sounding gay or effeminate. Transsexuals, who risk both emotional and physical repercussions should their gender identities be questioned, aim for a safer middle ground.
Girls strike back
Authors: Dlaske Kati , Jäntti Saara
Published: July 2016

The diversification of the media has opened up new spaces for performances that seek not only to evoke laughter but also to voice social critique. One example of this development is the TV comedy show Märät säpikkäät/Njuoska bittut, created by two young women belonging to the indigenous Sámi people living in Finland. This paper focuses on one particularly critical sketch in the show: a counter-parody of a popular parody of the Sámi presented by two Finnish male comedians. The original sketch was a parody of ethnicity. As they strike back, however, the female presenters consciously foreground the categories of gender and class, thereby introducing a completely new figure: a white, urban, underclass woman. In this paper we draw on intersectionality and indexicality to analyse this multidimensional performance and its intertextual links to the original sketch. We ask, what do these insurgent discursive practices mean in terms of critique? What do they do under cover of laughter?
Gender Features of Radical Oxidation of Lipids in Menopausal Women and Men in Andropause
Authors: Kolesnikova L. I. , Madaeva I. M. , Semenova N. V. , Osipova E. V. , Darenskaya M. A.
Published: July 2016

Aims: Our aim was to assess lipid peroxidation ― antioxidant protection in menopausal women and men in andropause and to compare these processes in different gender and age groups. Materials and methods:74 women and 37 men were examined. This study was a prospective, randomized cohort study. Women were divided into perimenopausal group (n=22, mean age 49.03±3.13), postmenopausal group (n=15, mean age 54.43±4.54) and control (n=37, mean age 34±1.2). Men were divided into a group of andropause (n=20, mean age 50.38±2.63) and control (n=17, mean age 35.21±4.75). Body mass index in the main and control groups was comparable. Questionnaires, clinical examination, assessment of the lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defense system, and the calculation of oxidative stress ratio were conducted to all participants of the study. Results: In women from the reproductive phase transition to its extinction increases content of compounds with conjugated double bonds by 22% (p0.05) in perimenopause and by 27% (p0.05) in postmenopause, increases content of the ketodienes and coupled trienes by 21% (p0.05) in perimenopause relative to the control group and reduced by 27% (p0.05) in postmenopausal women relative to the group of perimenopause. The antioxidant system in women observed the following changes: decrease in the α-tocopherol levels in postmenopausal women by 37% relative to control and by 22% (p0.05) to compare perimenopause; reduction of retinol level by 29% (p0.05) in the perimenopause and by 39% (p0.05) in postmenopause relative to control, increasing of the content of GSSG by 18% (p0.05) in postmenopause to compare control. When comparing groups of men statistically significant differences were not found. When comparing the groups according to gender, we revealed in men the increased content of compounds with conjugated double bonds by 38% (p0.05), the GSSG by 13% (p0.05), reduced content of the ketodienes and coupled trienes by 43% (p0,05), α-tocopherol by 24% (p0.05), SOD activity by 9% (p0.05).Coefficient oxidative stress in perimenopausal women was 2,5, in postmenopausal ― 3,48, in andropause ― 0,97.Conclusions: Expressed lipid peroxidation activity is more physiological in andropause than in menopause. Men in andropause have large functional reserves and adaptive capacity than menopausal women.
Postgenomic Medicine: Alternative to Biomarkers
Authors: Lisitsa A. V. , Ponomarenko E. A. , Lokhov P. G. , Archakov A. I.
Published: July 2016

In the article relevance of high-performance postgenomic technologies is tackled. The intrinsic problems of the implementation of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics in routine clinical practice are considered. Further development of postgenomic medicine requires severe change in the current research approaches. Avenue for development of such approaches are illustrated by metabolome research of human blood plasma. The postgenomic biomarkers are pictured as molecular iceberg, greater part of which is inaccessible for detection with measurement methods. Due to diversity of protein forms the spectrum of molecular markers will always evaluate in terms of incompleteness and inconsistence regardless of technological development level. These properties of «big data» are typical of data intensive domains. Special computational methods are essential for data intensive analytics and hardly suitable for the evidence-based medicine.
Effects of the Airway Obstruction on the Skin Microcirculation in Patients with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Tikhonova Irina V. , Kosyakova N. I. , Tankanag A. V. , Chemeris N. K.
Published: July 2016

Background: Pulmonary hemodynamic disorders depend on the inflammatory phases and severity of the obstructive syndrome. However, the effect of asthma bronchial obstruction on the state of peripheral hemodynamics remains insufficiently known. Aims: To study the effects of airway obstruction on skin blood flow parameters and its regulatory systems in patients with persistent atopic bronchial asthma in the remission state.Materials and methods: A comparative study of the skin peripheral blood flow in patients with bronchial asthma with severe airway obstruction (1st group) and without obstruction (2nd group) was conducted. 20 patients with confirmed diagnosis of atopic asthma of 50–74 years old participated in the study. All patients received basic therapy in a constant dosing of high doses of inhaled glucocorticosteroids/long-acting beta-2-agonists. The control group included 20 healthy volunteers without evidence of bronchial obstruction. The study lasted for 3 months. The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was used to evaluate the bronchial obstruction by spirometry technique. Skin blood perfusion changes were recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry at rest and in response to short-term local ischemia. Registered peripheral blood flow signals were examined using the amplitude temporal filtering in five frequency intervals to identify the functional features of the peripheral blood flow regulation systems. Results: Consistent two-fold decrease of the oscillation amplitudes was found in the neurogenic interval at rest (p=0.031), as well as in the myogenic (p=0.043; p=0.031) and endothelial intervals (p=0.037; p≤0.001) both at rest and during the postocclusive reactive hyperemia respectively in the 1st group of patients with bronchial obstruction (FEV1 80%) compared with the control group. No significant changes were revealed for skin blood flow parameters in the 2nd patient group (without obstruction, FEV1 80%) in comparison to control subjects.Conclusions: The presence of bronchial obstruction has a significant impact on the changes of the amplitudes of skin blood flow oscillations in patients with bronchial asthma in the myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial intervals.
Digital Revolution and Innovative Business Models in Healthcare: Global Trends and Russian Realities
Authors: Bereznoy A. V. , Saygitov R. T.
Published: July 2016

Digital revolution is one of the major global trends resulting in the unprecedented scale and depth of penetration of information and communication technologies into all sectors of national economy, including healthcare. The development of this trend brought about high expectations related to the improvement of quality of medical assistance, accessibility and economic efficiency of healthcare services. However, euphoria of the first steps of digital revolution is passing now, opening doors to more realistic analysis of opportunities and conditions of realization of the true potential hidden in the digital transformation of healthcare. More balanced perception of the peculiarities of innovation processes in the sector is coming together with understanding of the serious barriers, hampering implementation of the new ideas and practices due to complicated interweaving of social, economic, ethical and psychological factors. When taking into account the industry specifics it becomes evident that digital revolution cannot be a quick turnaround but rather would pass a number of phases and is likely to last more than one decade. In this context the article focuses on the prospects of the new business models, capable of making significant changes in today’s economic landscape of the sector (including uber-medicine, retail clinics, retainer medicine, network models of medical services). The authors also provide assessment of the current situation and perspectives of digital healthcare development in Russia.
Pediatric Health Quality Assessment in Different Regions of Russian Federation
Authors: Baybarina E. N. , Baranov A. A. , Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Piskunova S. G. , Besedina E. A. , Sadovshikova A. N. , Yuldashev O. R. , Mukhortova S. A. , Artemova I. А. , Chernikov V. V. , Kharkin A. V. , Chistyakova E. G. , Vologdina E. L. , Kaputskaya T. N. , Kiripova R. F.
Published: July 2016

Background: The quality of pediatric healthcare is a cornerstone for good maternal and infant health. Aims: To evaluate the quality of healthcare in secondary and tertiary regional pediatric hospitals in the Russian Federation.Methods: Healthcare quality assessment was performed in 21 pediatric hospitals (tertiary, n=5; secondary, n=16) of four regions. The WHO recommendations were used. Results: In all regions, similar traits of inpatient pediatric healthcare determining a poor quality were observed. These included low preparedness for emergent care at admission departments; a high rate of unjustified hospitalization due to lack of clear indications for inpatient care; a widespread polypharmacy and unnecessary painful procedures and treatment; inadequate unjustified antimicrobial and parenteral therapy. Conclusions: The revealed identity of problems in different regions of the country allows to consider a common strategy to overcome them, which, obviously, should primarily involve education of medical personnel, restructuring of hospital beds to increase day care beds, increasing the clinical expert work in hospitals.
PROFESSIONAL MASTER AND ITS CHALLENGES
Authors: Ferreira Lydia Masako
Published: July 2016

Objective: To describe the history, origin, objectives, characteristics, implications, the questions of the evaluation form and some examples of the Professional Masters (MP), to differentiate the Academic Master, and identify the challenges for the next quadrennial assessment. Methods: The CAPES site on Professional Masters and documents and meeting area of reports from 2004 to 2013 of Medicine III were read as well as the reports and the sub-page of the area in Capes site. The data relating to the evaluation process and the Scoreboard of the other areas were computed and analyzed. From these data it was detected the challenges of Medicine III for the next four years (2013-2016). Results: The creation of the Professional Master is very recent in Medicine III and no Professional Master of Medicine III course was evaluated yet. Were described the objectives, assumptions, characteristics, motivations, the possibilities, the feasibility, the profile of the students, the faculty, the curriculum, funding, intellectual production, social inclusion, the general requirements of Ordinance No. 193/2011 CAPES and some examples of proposals, technological lines of scientific activities, partnerships and counterparties. The evaluation form of the MP was discussed, the need for social, economic and political intellectual production and the differences with the MA. It was also reported the global importance of the MP and its evolution in Brazil. From the understanding of the MP, Medicine III outlined some challenges and goals to be developed in the 2013-2016 quadrennium. Conclusion: Medicine III understood the MP as a new technological scientific horizon within the strict sensu post-graduate and full consistency with the area.
EFFECTIVE INDICATORS FOR SCIENCE INTERNATIONALIZATION
Authors: Cunha-Melo José Renan da
Published: July 2016

Objective: To review of concepts and actions that aim to analyze the effects of internationalization of science and education, with emphasis in the medical field and its basement in development policies adopted by nations, exploring the potential for international interdisciplinary cooperation of each laboratory, department, university or institute. Method: Search of indicators to assess the degree of internationalization of universities and research institutes in several interconnected levels: organizational, regional, sectoral and global, and policy-making in science, technology innovation and higher education. Result: Scientific research is still carried out individually, but is now much more closely integrated with other social processes. The scientist is no longer a stranger who is allowed to surrender to his hobby to do what it wants. Internationalization of research and medical education, although it is among the topics of greatest need, as the globalized world, is difficult activity to be assessed. The leaders seem to have understood that the knowledge societies, leading to economic policy based on knowledge, can result in economic and social progress of nations. This fact has motivated increasingly the incentive to actions aimed at addressing global problems (eg health, climate change) by funding research that generates new knowledge. Conclusion: The consensus is that the internationalization of science is desirable and necessary for the sustainable development of nations. However it cannot be done only by encouraging and promoting the outward students and researchers abroad. It is necessary, in addition, offer conditions to foreign researchers and students teachers to work in collaboration with Brazilian and raise the country to international scientific standards.