bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediating Effect of Students' Perception and Satisfaction on the Relationship of Learning Environment and Accounting Career
Authors: Yusuf Angeline Sugiarto , Mangoting Yenni , Hoetomo Melly Irna Natasya , Hatane Saarce Elsye , Semuel Hatane
Published: February 2022

The research was inspired by accounting students’ failure to put their knowledge in line with their career choice in the accounting field, which in turn became a concern to higher education providers and accountant associations to be solved. The research aimed to discover accounting students’ intention to be an accountant in accounting education in Indonesia. Data were gathered through a survey with questionnaires involving accounting undergraduate students of both universities and colleges of private and govern as of vocational education in Indonesia. The 311 collected questionnaires were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The research proves that the learning environment is the main factor influencing students’ intention to pursue their careers in the accounting field. The learning environment as an external factor can alter either perception or perspective of accounting students concerning the accounting profession, affecting students’ intention to pursue a career in the accounting field. Another finding of the research is that perception of students’ beliefs built through interaction and experience of the learning environment elements can affect their satisfaction and intention to pursue a career in the accounting field.
EXPERIÊNCIAS DE GRADUANDOS NA MODALIDADE DE ENSINO ONLINE EM TEMPOS DE ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL
Authors: Dos Santos Hudson Costa , Silva Suéli Luz , Viana Milena De Jesus , Prado Ezequiel De Brito , Chaves Renato Novaes
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar as experiências de estudantes de graduação na modalidade de ensino em formato online em tempos de isolamento social. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e de corte transversal, realizado em uma rede de ensino superior particular, em que a sede é situada em Salvador- Ba, tendo como participantes 146 discentes matriculados na instituição escolhidos por critérios de elegibilidade, através de um questionário online por meio da ferramenta Google Forms. O projeto foi aprovado pelo CEP FAINOR parecer nº 4.577.437 em 08/03/2021. Resultados: Evidenciou-se a prevalência das características: sexo feminino (85,60%), com idade entre 18 à 28 anos (76%), vinculado ao colegiado de enfermagem (63%) e a unidade de Vitória da Conquista (44,50%). Em relação a solução de problemas ocorridos no ambiente virtual, 33 (22,60%) dos participantes acharam muito ruim e 47 (32,20%) acharam ruim. Enquanto ao nível de dificuldade em manter a produtividade em comparação com o ensino presencial, 55 (37,70%) discentes relataram ser muito difícil e 37 (25,30%) relataram ser difícil. Conclusão: A maioria dos estudantes tiveram uma boa experiência em relação a forma de acesso e a didática nas aulas, tendo uma experiência positiva com os docentes e a forma de ensino, e houve um índice significativo de alunos que tiveram uma má experiência em relação as aulas na modalidade online, o qual, a maioria não conseguiu manter a mesma produtividade quando comparado ao ensino presencial, e a aprendizagem foi baixa, constatando-se que os discentes foram prejudicas com a manutenção das aulas em formato online, segundo as experiências.
Volley fire in Europe in the mid-16th century
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Bołdyrew Aleksander , Łopatecki Karol ,   University of Bialystok
Published: February 2022

The article explores the application of volley fire in European armies in the mid-16th century. On the basis of Polish sources, the authors established that shooting volleys was applied by Polish infantry in 1558. There was also training in collective loading and shooting conducted by a commander every few days. Fire was conducted in the Turkish manner, i. e. having fired a salvo the rank would kneel and load the weapon in this position. The painting referred to in the article «The Battle of Orsha» (created in the 1530s or 1540s) shows the West European manner of conducting combat by an infantry unit. It involved setting the shooters in three ranks and alternating firing at enemy positions with a simultaneous countermarch. This suggests that the method described for the first time by the Spanish in 1592 was spread half a century earlier. The sources show that in the mid-16th century, volley fire was known in vast Eurasian tracks from remote China, through the Ottoman Empire to the western ends of Europe. The difference lay in the way of conducting the volley fire, and the most effective form of fire applied in battles was invented by the Dutch in the 1590s. As a result of the enlargement of weapon size and the introduction of muskets, the method proposed by Tarnowski of loading firearms in kneeling position became increasingly obsolete.
Organizational transformations of the Crown Army during the war of the Vistula mouth, 1626–1629
Authors:   Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Gawron Przemysław
Published: February 2022

The article explores the organizational transformations of the Crown army during the war with Sweden in the years 1626–1629. On the basis of fiscal sources, correspondence, and war accounts, the author established that the number of Sigismund III’s troops increased. In 1629 they were more numerous in Prussia than the combined armies in Prussia and in Ukraine three years earlier. Positional warfare with the Swedes, who had a considerable number of well-trained infantry and perfect artillery, required a change in the structure of the army, over half of which during hostilities consisted of dragoons and infantry formations, especially those of the foreign contingent. Over the course of the war, free companies (freikompanie), which made up a core of the infantry at the beginning of the war, were mostly replaced by large regiments of over three thousand pay rates. Also, successful attempts were made to create infantry units trained and armed in the German manner, commanded by foreigners, but recruited among Sigismund III’s subjects, and the ranks of Polish-Hungarian infantry were reinforced. In the ranks of cavalry, reiters were of more importance than in Ukraine. They grew into a third force in the Polish cavalry, after Polish hussars and Cossacks. Considerably smaller changes occurred for artillery, which despite significant expenses was still inferior to that of the Swedish artillery. Sigismund III’s troops also struggled with the deficiency of experienced engineers and cartographers. Although after the Altmark armistice the king had to reduce the army, from which the infantry disappeared almost entirely, dragoons were preserved in Ukraine thanks to Crown Field Hetman Koniecpolski. From that time on, they would constitute an indispensable part of the wojsko kwarciane (quarter army). The significance of the Prussian war for the development of the Crown military is best illustrated by the fact that in 1633, in the course of preparations for the war with Muscovy for Smolensk, Władysław IV and his advisers organized the army largely in the manner of the years 1626–1629.
Multiple trend tests on air temperature and precipitation anomalies in Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Dang Nguyen Dong , Dat Nguyen Le Tan , Loi Nguyen Kim
Published: February 2022

An informed decision on building climate resilience and adaptation requires a deep understanding of long-term changes in temperature and precipitation, especially for most vulnerable countries to climate extremes like Vietnam. Hence, this study aimed to comprehend spatiotemporal trend possibilities of temperature and precipitation in Vietnam by employing multiple non-parametric statistical trend tests. This study also suggested a modified procedure, represented as a Hovmöller-like diagram, for enhancing the characterization of long-term spatiotemporal trends by applying multiple monotonic trend tests to all latitude coordinates through all possible 30-year periods. The superiority of multiple trend tests over a single one is that this methodology can assess the sensitivity of trend test results to the beginning years, ending years, and record lengths, thus emphasizing the necessity of performing monotonic trend tests repeatedly. The results show consistent warming trends in all climate sub-regions over the last 4–5 decades, with the estimated trend slopes varying from approximately 0.010–0.042 °C/year. Precipitation anomalies in most climate sub-regions, especially in the southern part, experienced significant increasing trends at the rate of around 0.29–2.76%/year during the last 3–5 decades. These findings are expected to contribute more insights into the spatiotemporal trend patterns of temperature and precipitation in Vietnam.
Climate change impact on extreme value and its frequency distribution function in a karst basin, Southwest China
Authors: Mo Chongxun , Song Xuan , Ruan Yuli , Lan Huakun , Lei Xingbi , Xing Zhenxiang , Sun Guikai
Published: February 2022

Studying extreme meteorology and its frequency under climate change is helpful to guide flood and drought control. The original achievements and objective of this study are to further contribute to the literature on how to analyze the impact of climate change on extreme rainfall and extreme temperature more reasonably and comprehensively for a karst basin. The Mann–Kendall method, Heuristic segmentation method, cross-wavelet analysis method, generalized extreme value (GEV) model, and generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) model were applied in this paper. The 55-year (1963–2017) extreme rainfall and temperature data recorded in the Chengbi River Basin were applied. The results show that extreme rainfall showed a downward trend (−0.169 and −8.735 mm/10a), while the trends of extreme temperatures were not obvious (Sen's slope estimate is 0). The mutation points range from 1981 to 2002 and the mutation point of extreme rainfall series is earlier than that of extreme temperatures. Compared with the GEV model, the parameters of the GPD model show a smaller variation before and after climate change, and the extreme meteorology values corresponding to the same recurrence period show a decreasing trend after climate change. The performance of GEV and GPD models after climate change is generally more fit than that before climate change.
Review of water safety planning processes and options for improved climate resilient infrastructure in Vanuatu
Authors: Rand Emily Chistensen , Foster Tim , Sami Erie , Sammy Erickson
Published: February 2022

Vanuatu is a small island state ranked the most at-risk for natural hazards globally. Access to safe and secure water is limited, particularly for poor and rural residents. It is projected that climate change will increase temperatures, sea level, cyclone intensity, and extreme rainfall events in Vanuatu. As the impacts of climate change become clearer, it is becoming easier to predict the consequences of those changes on water infrastructure. The Government of Vanuatu, Department of Water Resources (DoWR) wants to support communities to enhance the resilience of community water supply infrastructure, despite the additional challenge of climate change. Since 2013, DoWR has adapted Water Safety Plans to the local context with Drinking Water Safety and Security Plans (DWSSPs). An analysis of actions taken after 199 DWSSPs, site visits and interviews, revealed an opportunity to integrate climate change more into existing community risk planning processes. The analysis also identified many potential problems with existing water infrastructure that increase their exposure to climate risks as well as possible improvements to decrease those risks. As a result, adjustments were made to the current water safety planning approach, so that communities review hazards associated with climate change and identify resilient infrastructure improvements.
Soluble Diphtheria Toxin Variant, CRM 197 was Obtained in Escherichia
coli at High Productivity Using SUMO Fusion and an Adjusted
Expression Strategy
Authors: Tarahomjoo Shirin , Bandehpour Mojgan , Aghaebrahimian Mohammad , Ahangaran Salimeh
Published: February 2022

Background:

CRM197, a non-toxic diphtheria toxin variant, is widely used as a
polysaccharide carrier in a variety of conjugate vaccines and also exhibits antitumor activity. CRM197
commercial production is limited due to the low yield of Corynebacterium diphtheriae C7
(197) tox-. Developing an efficient method for recombinant CRM197 production reduces production
costs and is critical for expanding the application coverage of related medical products and basic research.
Escherichia coli is a frequently used host for heterologous protein synthesis. However, the
primary limitation of this system is the inclusion body formation and the low yield of active protein
recovery.

Objective:

As a result, we attempted to produce CRM197 in the soluble form in E. coli using a
small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) tag fusion and an expression strategy optimized for protein
production.

Methods:

CRM197 was expressed intracellularly in E. coli BL21 (DE3) with its N-terminus fused
to a SUMO tag preceded by a histidine tag (HSCRM197). To improve the solubility of HSCRM197
in E. coli, a response surface method (RSM) experimental design was used based on three
factors: expression temperature, inducer concentration, and sorbitol inclusion in the culture medium.
Metal affinity chromatography was used to purify HSCRM197, and the SUMO tag was removed
using the SUMO protease's catalytic domain. After adsorbing the SUMO tag on a Ni-NTA
column, CRM197 was obtained. DNA degradation activity was determined for both HSCRM197
and CRM197.

Results:

When HSCRM197 was expressed in E. coli under common expression conditions (37ºC,
1000 μM inducer), 15.4% of the protein was found in the cellular soluble fraction. However, when
the RSM-derived expression conditions were used (30ºC, 510 μM inducer, and 200 mM sorbitol),
the obtained HSCRM197 was almost completely soluble (96.5% solubility), and the system productivity
was 32.67 μg ml-1 h-1. HSCRM197 and CRM197 both exhibited nuclease activity. However,
the activity of CRM197 was greater than that of HSCRM197.

Conclusion:

These findings established the utility of the method developed in this study to produce
CRM197 for medical applications.
PyPAn: An Automated Graphical User Interface for Protein Sequence and
Structure Analyses
Authors: Mathur Yash , Mohammad Taj , Anjum Farah , Shafie Alaa , Elasbali Abdelbaset M. , Uversky Vladimir N. , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz
Published: February 2022

Background:

Protein sequence and structure analyses have been essential components of
bioinformatics and structural biology. They provide a deeper insight into the physicochemical
properties, structure, and subsequent functions of a protein. Advanced computational approaches
and bioinformatics utilities help solve several issues related to protein analysis. Still, beginners and
non-professional may struggle when encountering a wide variety of computational tools and the
sheer number of input parameter variables required by each tool.

Methods:

We introduce a free-to-access graphical user interface (GUI) named PyPAn 'Python-based
Protein Analysis' for varieties of protein sequence/structure analyses. PyPAn serves as a universal
platform to analyze protein sequences, structure, and their properties. PyPAn facilitates onboard
analysis of each task in just a single click. It can be used to calculate the physicochemical properties,
including instability index and molar extinction coefficient, for a protein. PyPAn is one of the few
computational tools that allow users to generate a Ramachandran plot and calculate solvent
accessibility and the radius of gyration (Rg) of proteins at once. In addition, it can refine the protein
model along with computation and minimization of its energy.

Results:

PyPAn can generate a recommendation for an appropriate structure modelling method to
employ for a query protein sequence. PyPAn is one of the few, if not the only, Python-based
computational GUI tools with an array of options for the user to employ as they see fit.

Conclusion:

PyPAn aims to unify many successful academically significant proteomic applications
and is freely available for academic and industrial research uses at https://hassanlab.org/pypan.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Curcumin in Thyroid Gland
Disorders
Authors: Shakeri Farzaneh , Bibak Bahram , Safdari Mohammad Reza , Keshavarzi Zakieh , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: February 2022

There is growing literature on the positive therapeutic potentials of curcumin.
Curcumin or diferuloylmethane is a polyphenol obtained from the plant Curcuma longa.
Curcumin is widely used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for various conditions. The
role of curcumin in thyroid gland disorders has been demonstrated by its effects on various
biological pathways, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative,
apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell cycle and metastasis. In this paper, we have reviewed the recent
literature on curcumin applications for thyroid dysfunction, including hyperthyroidism
and hypothyroidism, and discussed the molecular mechanisms of these effects.
This review aims to summarize the wealth of research related to the therapeutic effect of
curcumin on the thyroid gland.
Advances in the Total Synthesis of Gelsemine
Authors: Yang Liyan , Wang Zhonglei
Published: February 2022

Gelsemine is a remarkable indole alkaloid isolated from the medicinal plant Gelsemium
elegans (Carolina or yellow jasmine) and demonstrates effectiveness in alleviating cognitive
impairment, suggesting it could treat Alzheimer's disease. Gelsemine comprises seven
adjoining chiral carbon centres and hexacyclic cage structures, making it an oddly difficult
synthetic target. The unique structure and potential bio-pharmacological properties of gelsemine
have led to the publication of nine interesting total syntheses of gelsemine (including
three asymmetric syntheses) in the near past three decades by eight distinguished research
groups. Several strategies are brimming with modern concepts of synthesis, such as highly
enantioselective organocatalytic Diels–Alder reaction and the biomimetic enol–oxonium cyclization
reaction. To better explore the therapeutic effects of gelsemine, this review summarizes
the progress in the total synthesis tactics and strategies of the fascinating natural product gelsemine.
miRNA-Based Signature to Predict the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Chen Longfei , Zhan Fangfang , Yang Jinshan , Lin Shifang
Published: February 2022

Background:

Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) suffer from a high risk of
developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cumulative evidence has demonstrated that the development
of AD is a complex process that could be modulated by miRNAs. Here, we aimed to identify
miRNAs involved in the pathway, and interrogate their ability to predict prognosis in patients with
MCI.

Methods:

We obtained the miRNA-seq profiles and the clinical characteristics of patients with
MCI from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Cox regression analysis was used to construct a
risk level model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the performance
of the model for predicting prognosis. Combined with clinical characteristics, factors associated
with prognosis were identified and a predictive prognosis nomogram was developed and
validated. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)
analysis, we evaluated molecular signatures for the candidate miRNAs.

Results:

Our analysis identified 120 DEmiRNAs. The Cox regression analysis showed that two
miRNAs could serve as risk factors for disease development. A risk level model was constructed.
Age, apoe4, and risk level were associated with the prognosis. We developed a nomogram to predict
disease progression. The calibration curve and concordance index (C-index) demonstrated the
reliability of the nomogram. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these miRNAs were involved
in regulating both cGMP-PKG and Sphingolipid signaling pathways.

Conclusion:

We have identified miRNAs associated with the development of MCI. These miRNAs
could be used for early diagnosis and surveillance in patients with MCI, enabling prediction
of the development of AD.
Pharmacophore Modelling and Virtual Screening Studies for the Discovery
of Natural Product-based PDE 3/4 Dual Inhibitors for COPD
Authors: Hui Tan Xuan , Le Lim Jia , Gaurav Anand
Published: February 2022

Background:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) is a chronic and progressive
lung disease with a steady increase in prevalence over the recent years. Current treatment options of
COPD are aimed at symptomatic relief without the ability to cure COPD, and certain corticosteroid treatments
cause patients to be susceptible to infections. Newer studies have hinted that PDE3/4 dual inhibitors
may produce a higher efficacy and better safety profile compared to current alternatives. These novel
inhibitors may potentially improve the control of COPD exacerbation without increasing the risk of infections.
Thus, our study aimed to identify and refine natural compounds with PDE3/4 dual inhibitory activities
through molecular modelling techniques.

Method:

A two-sided approach through ligand-based and structure-based pharmacophore modelling was
employed, followed by virtual screening and molecular docking to identify lead compounds with PDE3/4
dual inhibition activity.

Results:

Pharmacophore-based screening of Universal Natural Products Database (UNPD) resulted in the
identification of one compound for each pharmacophore model, namely UNPD1558 and UNPD139455,
with high binding affinities towards both PDE3B and PDE4B. The two compounds were subsequently
docked with PDE3B and PDE4B to study their interactions with the active site residues. Structural modifications
of the compounds were proposed based on the docking results to optimise their binding affinity
and physicochemical properties.

Conclusion:

Compound 25a4 and compound 28, which were designed based on the structures of
UNPD1558 and UNPD139455, respectively, showed an improved binding affinity for both PDE3B and
PDE4B. These lead compounds showed promising results as drug candidates, and their PDE3/4 dual inhibitory
properties should be further investigated through in vivo and in vivo studies.
Investigating COVID-19 Severity Based on Serum Apelin-17 Levels and Inflammatory Mediators
Authors: Fekri Mitra Samareh , Barfzade Elham , Farokhnia Mehrdad , Bajgani Seyed Mehdi Hashemi , Shafahi Ahmad , Shafiepour Mohsen , Movahedinia Sajjadeh , Dabiri Shariar , Yousefi Meysam
Published: February 2022

Background:

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and can lead to acute respiratory distress.

Objective:

We aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 severity and serum apelin-17 and inflammatory mediator levels.

Method:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 infec-tion was confirmed by the RT-PCR test. The patients' data were extracted from their records. Ve-nous blood samples were obtained from the patients to investigate the serum levels of apelin-17 and inflammatory mediators.

Results:

Eighty-six COVID-19 patients were studied. The mean age of the participants was 55.56±14.88, and 43 (50 %) were male. Clinical symptoms were dyspnea 77.6 %, fever 52.3 %, cough 48.8 %, gastrointestinal symptoms 15.1 %, and chest pain 7 %. The overall mortality rate was 7 %. No significant relationship was found between serum apelin-17 levels and COVID-19 severity (P= 0.48). However, there was a significant and direct relationship between COVID-19 severity and serum levels of CRP (P= 0.038) and D-dimer (P= 0.029).

Conclusion:

Serum apelin-17 levels were higher in recovered patients than those who died (4.90 vs. 3.19). Moreover, serum apelin-17 levels were higher in the patients admitted to the general ward than those admitted to the ICU (5.15 vs. 3.98). The difference was not statistically significant. How-ever, there was a significant and direct relationship between serum apelin-17 levels and lymphocyte count (P= 0.022). Moreover, there was a significant and inverse relationship between lymphocyte count and COVID-19 severity (P= 0.004). Therefore, it can be interpreted that COVID-19 severity may decrease with an increase in serum apelin-17 levels. Therefore, to prove this hypothesis, a study with larger sample size is recommended.
Portal Venous and Mesenteric Wall Calcifications along with
Intra-splenic Vascular Calcification: A Rare Case Report and Literature
Review
Authors: Wettasinghe Mihiri Chami , Rodrigo Ganganath , Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
Published: February 2022

Background:

Cross-sectional imaging findings of portal vein calcification were found to be
an indicator of portal vein thrombosis. Calcification of the portal vein and its tributaries in portal hypertension
is an uncommon finding and the mechanical stress due to long-standing portal hypertension
on the vessel wall is considered leading to sclerosis and calcification in the intima and media of the
vessel wall. Intra-splenic vascular calcification is a rare occurrence and has been seen in patients with
portal hypertension.

Case Presentation:

A 60-year-old male was referred for an ultrasound scan of the abdomen, as he was
found to have mild elevation of liver enzymes during a routine medical investigation. His ultrasound
scan showed features of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Furthermore, there were intra-splenic calcifications
with branching pattern. Subsequent CT confirmed intra-splenic vascular calcification and
calcifications in the wall of the thrombosed portal vein and its tributaries.

Conclusion:

Pre-operative identification of portal venous calcification is important, as this might adversely
affect surgical interventions for cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Furthermore, to our best
knowledge, there have not been any cases reported with concurrent calcification of the portal venous
system and intra-splenic vascular calcification in association with portal hypertension in literature.
A Case of Intestinal Perforation Associated with Mesenteric Thrombosis
Due to Post-COVID-19 Syndrome
Authors: Gündoğdu Elif , Cihan Çağatay , Aydın Nevin , Demirayak Dilay , Özakyol Ayşegül , Kebapçı Mahmut
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

We aimed to present a case who developed intestinal ischemia and associated
perforation and abscess due to superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis caused by post-COVID-19
syndrome and discuss the preoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging findings used in diagnosis.

Case Report:

A 58-year-old patient presented to our clinic with a complaint of acute abdominal pain.
His CT examination revealed thrombosis in SMV, congestion in the mesenteric venous structures,
contamination in the mesentery, and thickening and dilatation of the jejunal loops due to ischemia. The
patient had a history of acute COVID-19 infection. He had typical COVID-19 pneumonia findings
(peripheral ground-glass opacities in both lung parenchyma predominantly in the lower lobe) on the
thorax CT at that time. He was followed up with anticoagulant therapy. During his follow-up, a thoracic
and abdominal CT was performed due to recurrent acute abdominal findings. On thorax CT, there
was a web-like filling defect consistent with pulmonary embolism, traction bronchiectasis consistent
with late findings of COVID-19 pneumonia, and poorly circumscribed subpleural ground glass opacities.
On abdominal CT, in addition to mesenteric ischemia findings, loss of wall integrity was observed
in the jejunal loops due to perforation and collection areas containing air consistent with an abscess. He
was treated with small bowel resection and abscess drainage.

Conclusion:

Patients with acute COVID-19 infection should be followed up for the early diagnosis of
serious symptoms that may develop due to post-COVID-19 syndrome, and contrast-enhanced CT
should be the imaging method of choice to detect possible mesenteric vascular thrombosis in patients
with acute abdominal symptoms.
Berberine Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment by Regulating Microglial Polarization
and Increasing Expression of Anti-inflammatory Factors following
Permanent Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Rats
Authors: Tian Yue , Zheng Yangmin , Wang Qi , Yan Feng , Tao Zhen , Zhao Fangfang , Wang Yuqing , Huang Yuyou , Li Fengjuan , Du Yitong , Wang Ningqun , Luo Yumin
Published: February 2022

Background:

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with vascular cognitive impairment,
and there are no specific therapeutic agents for use in clinical practice. Berberine has demonstrated
good neuroprotective effects in models of acute cerebral ischemia; however, whether it
can alleviate cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has rarely been investigated.

Objective:

The present study aimed to explore the mechanism by which berberine alleviates cognitive
impairment resulting from chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

Methods:

Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham,
model, and berberine. The models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion were established via permanent
bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Cognitive function was evaluated using
the Morris water maze, while neuronal damage and microglial activation and polarization were
evaluated using western blotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assays were used to detect the expression of anti-inflammatory factors including interleukin-
4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10).

Results:

Rats exhibited cognitive dysfunction after BCCAO, which was significantly attenuated following
the berberine intervention. Levels of synaptophysin and NeuN were decreased in states of
chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, during which microglial activation and a transition from the M2 to
M1 phenotype were observed. Berberine treatment also significantly reversed these features. Moreover,
levels of IL-4 and IL-10 expression increased significantly after berberine treatment.

Conclusion:

Berberine may mitigate vascular cognitive dysfunction by promoting neuronal plasticity,
inhibiting microglial activation, promoting transformation from an M1 to an M2 phenotype,
and increasing levels of IL-4 and IL-10 expression.
Active Control Algorithm of Hybrid Vibroacoustic for Vehicle Interior
Sound Quality
Authors: Shen Weitao , Wang Xiaolan , Wang Tongzhou , Wang Yansong , Liu Ningning
Published: February 2022

Background:

In some applications, retaining the residual noise at a specified frequency
can provide a better vehicle interior sound quality for occupant’s driving experience. The hybrid
vibro-acoustic adaptive noise equalizer (HVA-ANE) algorithm introduces a sound retention factor
on the basis of the hybrid vibro-acoustic filter-u, and filter-x least mean square (HVA-FUXLMS)
algorithm to achieve control of the sound quality, but it is not possible to retain varying degrees of
different frequency bands. The hybrid vibro-acoustic empirical-mode-decomposition frequencydomain
block adaptive noise equalizer (HVA-EBANE) algorithm introduces Empirical-Mode-
Decomposition (EMD) and frequency domain block methods to achieve different degrees of retention
of noise in different frequency bands but cannot deal with the irrelevant frequency components
in the error signal.

Objective:

This paper proposes an improved active control algorithm for vehicle interior sound quality,
the so-called hybrid vibro-acoustic EMD frequency-domain block FELMS (HVA-EBFELMS)
algorithm.

Methods:

Based on the filtered error, the least mean square algorithm and the residual filter of the
specific frequency band are designed according to the psychoacoustic parameters of each component.
The filter filters the irrelevant frequency components in the residual signal, and only retains
the frequency components that have a great influence on the sound quality so as to achieve the regulation
of the desired sound quality.

Results:

In order to verify the effectiveness of our algorithm, we used the noise and vibration in the
vehicle at idle speed as the object and compared the noise control effect with HVA-ANE and HVAEBANE
algorithms considering the sound quality. The simulation experiment shows that our algorithm
reduces the loudness of the ear-side noise by more than 40% while taking into account the
noise and vibration control.

Conclusion:

The loudness control effect of hybrid vibro-acoustic EMD frequency-domain block
FELMS (HVA-EBFELMS) algorithm is better than HVA-ANE and HVA-EBANE algorithms; it
has a better effect of improving loudness as well.
EFEKTIVITAS IMBAUAN KEMENDIKBUD UNTUK BELAJAR SECARA DARING DALAM RANGKA MENGHINDARI UNJUK RASA MENOLAK UU CIPTA KERJA
Authors:   Kajian Ketahanan Nasional, Sekolah Kajian Stratejik dan Global, Universitas Indonesia, Angin Ridho Fadillah Perangin , Rahayu Amy Yayuk Sri ,   Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi, Universitas Indonesia, Yusgiantoro Donny
Published: February 2022

The ratification of the RUU Cipta Kerja by the DPR RI received protests from various groups, including student groups in Jakarta. Through rallies, students took various anarchic actions amid the threat of the Covid-19 pandemic with the aim of canceling the ratification of the RUU. In response to this, the Director General of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education and Culture issued a Circular on the Call for Online Learning and Socialization of the RUU Cipta Kerja, in order to increase the effectiveness of Distance Learning (PJJ), while at the same time avoiding demonstrations that ignore the safety and health of students. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the appeal letter on the responses made by universities and students. Through a descriptive qualitative method approach, the results of this study indicate that from several existing indicators, the Circular is less effective, because only one of the four targets has been achieved, namely the implementation of PJJ in the campus environment. Meanwhile, other indicators such as the prohibition of demonstrations, socialization of the RUU Cipta Kerja to students, and academic criticism were not achieved
A new species of the genus Cryptocanthon from Peru (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Authors: Giraldo-Mendoza Alfredo Edgardo
Published: February 2022

A new brachypterous species of Scarabaeinae, Cryptocanthon iskaypachak sp. nov. is described, discussed and illustrated based on specimens collected in Cajamarca department. The new species is the third of the genus Cryptocanthon recorded from Peru.
PENERAPAN TGT (TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI KELAS X TEKNIK INSTALASI TENAGA LISTRIK SMKN 2 SIGLI
Authors: Setiawan Zulfa , Lastya Hari Anna , Sadrina Sadrina
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT:This research is conducted because of the lack of creative and innovative learning models in the vocational school. However, the research aims were to analyze the effect of the team games tournament learning model on student achievement on electronic basic. The research used a quantitative method and quasi-experimental approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The instrument used were test paper and questionnaires. Data collected in this study passed through pretest, posttest, and questionnaires. The data is processed using the t-test. The results show differences in student learning outcomes between before and after the implementation of this model. This can be seen from the average value of student learning outcomes achieved at pretest < posttest (58 < 76). Hypothesis testing using t-test shows the results of data analysis t count > t table (3,665 > 1.75) so that the working hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. This indicates that the application of TGT in the basic electronics subjects proved could improve the learning outcomes of class X TITL SMKN 2 Sigli students. The results of the questionnaire present that the TGT learning model obtained a very agreeable value. It could conclude that students perceived the TGT learning model as an attractive learning process and effectively improve their motivation in learning Basic Electronics subject matter.ABSTRAK:Penelitian ini dilakukan karena kurangnya model pembelajaran yang kreatif dan inovatif di SMK. Namun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran turnamen team games terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada dasar elektronika. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan pendekatan eksperimen semu dengan desain one-group pretest-posttest design. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kertas tes dan angket. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini melalui pretest, posttest, dan angket. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan hasil belajar siswa antara sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model ini. Hal ini terlihat dari nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa yang dicapai pada saat pretest < posttest (58 < 76). Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t menunjukkan hasil analisis data t hitung > t tabel (3,665 > 1,75) sehingga hipotesis kerja (Ha) diterima. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan TGT pada mata pelajaran elektronika dasar terbukti dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X TITL SMKN 2 Sigli. Hasil angket menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran TGT memperoleh nilai sangat setuju. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran TGT dirasakan siswa sebagai proses pembelajaran yang menarik dan efektif meningkatkan motivasi belajar materi pelajaran Elektronika Dasar.
O MODELO PEDAGÓGICO DA UNIVERSIDADE ABERTA DE PORTUGAL: APRENDER ONLINENO CURSO DE EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Amante Lúcia , Cabral Pedro
Published: February 2022

Apresentamos neste texto o percurso seguido ao longo de uma Unidade Curricular, integrada no 2º ano da graduação em Educação lecionada em regime onlinena Universidade Aberta (UAb), a universidade pública de educação a distância de Portugal. Nesta Unidade Curricular os estudantes são chamados a conceber e desenvolver um pequeno projeto de investigação que visa a iniciação ao desenvolvimento de competências base de pesquisa em contextos educacionais. Tomando como base o modelo pedagógico virtual da UAb, a Unidade Curricular foi planeada tendo em conta a sua especificidade que apela à prática da investigação no terreno. Pretende-se apresentar o designcurricular adotado, designadamente como foi alicerçado o percurso de aprendizagem na sala de aula virtual e como foi pensada a interação entre estudantes de modo a promover a reflexão e partilha de saberes entre o grupo. A avaliação proposta foi pensada de modo a testar o desenvolvimento efetivo das competências visadas, mas assumindo expressamente uma dimensão formadora, ou seja, constituindo-se como parte integrante do ato pedagógico e do processo de aprendizagem. À reflexão dos docentes sobre o desenvolvimento dos trabalhos na Unidade Curricular, enquanto observadores participantes, junta-se a análise da perspectiva dos estudantes, avaliada por questionário, aplicado às duas turmas do curso.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Wood Flour and Pellets for Manufacturing Wood-Plastic Composites (WPCs)
Authors:   University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine, USA, Pokhrel Geeta , Gu Hongmei ,   US Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Gardner Douglas J. ,   University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine, USA,   University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine, USA, O'Neill Shane ,   University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine, USA
Published: February 2022

This study is expanding the previous studies that were focused on the material properties and transportation costs of the two alternative feedstocks for manufacturing wood-plastic composites (WPCs): wood flour and pellets. Besides the material properties and cost analysis, life-cycle assessment (LCA) is equally important to assess the environmental impacts of these two alternative wood feedstocks to manufacture WPCs and gain the knowledge of influences from the manufacturing and transportation processes. The main goal of this study was to compare the environmental impacts from the production and transportation of wood flour and pellets utilized in WPC manufacture. The environmental impacts on air, water, soil and human health, as well as the cumulated energy consumption for one tonne and one truckload of the two wood feedstocks were compared. The case-study was based on a commercial wood pellet manufacturer in the state of Maine (ME). The cradle-to-gate approach was considered including the processing of mill residues, manufacturing of the two feedstocks and transporting them to commercial WPC manufacturers. LCA analysis showed that transportation of both feedstocks had the highest impact on the environment as opposed to the inputs associated with production. The global warming potential (GWP) from one tonne production and shipment of wood flour was higher by 8% compared to the pellets. One tonne production and shipment of wood pellets appears more environmentally friendly. Normalization results of one truck load of wood flour (22 tonnes) and pellets (30 tonnes) showed similar environmental impacts. Based on this study, from an environmental perspective, it is inferred that besides use as bio-fuels, wood pellets could be a better alternative feedstock for the manufacture of WPCs.
The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure–Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Severe Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Meta-analysis
Authors: van Loenen Inge , Scholten Willemijn , Muntingh Anna , Smit Johannes , Batelaan Neeltje
Published: February 2022

Background

In recent years, virtual reality exposure–based cognitive behavioral therapy (VRE-CBT) has shown good treatment results in (subclinical) anxiety disorders and seems to be a good alternative to exposure in vivo in regular cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). However, previous meta-analyses on the efficacy of VRE-CBT on anxiety disorders have included studies on specific phobias and subthreshold anxiety; therefore, these results may not be generalizable to patients with more severe and disabling anxiety disorders.

Objective

The objective of our study is to determine the efficacy of VRE-CBT on more severe anxiety disorders, excluding specific phobias and subthreshold anxiety disorders. Meta-analyses will be conducted to examine the efficacy of VRE-CBT versus waitlist and regular CBT. Our secondary objectives are to examine whether the efficacy differs according to the type of anxiety disorder, type of recruitment, and type of VRE-CBT (virtual reality exposure either with or without regular CBT). Furthermore, attrition in VRE-CBT and CBT will be compared.

Methods

Studies published until August 20, 2020, were retrieved through systematic literature searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase. We calculated the effect sizes (Hedges g) for the difference between the conditions and their 95% CIs for posttest and follow-up measurements in a random effects model. A separate meta-analysis was performed to compare attrition between the VRE-CBT and CBT conditions.

Results

A total of 16 trials with 817 participants were included. We identified 10 comparisons between VRE-CBT and a waitlist condition and 13 comparisons between VRE-CBT and a CBT condition. With regard to risk of bias, information on random sequence generation, allocation concealment, and risk of bias for selective outcome reporting was often absent or unclear. The mean effect size of VRE-CBT compared with waitlist (nco=10) was medium and significant, favoring VRE-CBT (Hedges g=−0.490, 95% CI −0.82 to −0.16; P=.003). The mean effect size of VRE-CBT compared with CBT (nco=13) was small and nonsignificant, favoring CBT (Hedges g=0.083, 95% CI −0.13 to 0.30; P=.45). The dropout rates between VRE-CBT and CBT (nco=10) showed no significant difference (odds ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.49-1.27; P=.32). There were no indications of small study effects or publication bias.

Conclusions

The results of our study show that VRE-CBT is more effective than waitlist and as effective as CBT in the treatment of more severe anxiety disorders. Therefore, VRE-CBT may be considered a promising alternative to CBT for patients with more severe anxiety disorders. Higher-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to verify the robustness of these findings.
An Imported Measles Outbreak in Al Buraimi Governorate, Oman, in April 2020
Authors: Al-Marbouai Hanan
Published: February 2022

Background

On April 16, 2020, the communicable disease department of Al Buraimi Governorate, Oman, was notified about 3 cases of measles. On laboratory confirmation of measles on April 19, 2020, further field investigation was conducted. Oman has had few cases of measles since 1995; however, Al Buraimi Governorate has had imported cases of measles in recent years.

Objective

We conducted this study to investigate the epidemiology of imported cases of measles in Al Buraimi, Oman, in April 2020.

Methods

This case series retrospectively reported measles cases. Epidemiological investigation began by meeting the families of the affected children. The data obtained included clinical symptoms, exposure information, travel history, immunization, and history of contact with others.

Results

Among the positive cases of measles, 75% were in girls and 25% were in boys. In addition, 6 patients were Afghani nationals and 2 were Pakistani nationals. A detailed investigation that included virus isolation and genotyping identified the B3 genotype in all measles cases and traced the virus to Pakistan as the country of origin. Despite Pakistan being the place of origin of the virus, most cases of measles (75%) were reported in Afghani nationals because of low vaccination coverage. We also found that most of the children affected were 10 to 19 years old (75%). All children who did not have vaccination records or were unvaccinated, regardless of whether they had contracted the virus, were given the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. This was done to prevent future outbreaks and to increase measles vaccination coverage.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the greatest challenge in eliminating measles in Oman is imported cases among non-Omani expatriates and unvaccinated children. It should therefore be a priority to vaccinate all expatriate children. Only when everyone is vaccinated in Oman can the goal of creating a measles-free country be realized.