bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alkyne-Azide “Click” Chemistry in Designing Nanocarriers for Applications in Biology
Authors: Avti Pramod , Maysinger Dusica , Kakkar Ashok
Published: August 2013

The alkyne-azide cycloaddition, popularly known as the “click” reaction, has been extensively exploited in molecule/macromolecule build-up, and has offered tremendous potential in the design of nanomaterials for applications in a diverse range of disciplines, including biology. Some advantageous characteristics of this coupling include high efficiency, and adaptability to the environment in which the desired covalent linking of the alkyne and azide terminated moieties needs to be carried out. The efficient delivery of active pharmaceutical agents to specific organelles, employing nanocarriers developed through the use of “click” chemistry, constitutes a continuing topical area of research. In this review, we highlight important contributions click chemistry has made in the design of macromolecule-based nanomaterials for therapeutic intervention in mitochondria and lipid droplets.
Potential of On-Line Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Measurement of pH for Deriving Variable Rate Lime Recommendations
Authors: Tekin Yücel , Kuang Boyan , Mouazen Abdul
Published: August 2013

This paper aims at exploring the potential of visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy for on-line measurement of soil pH, with the intention to produce variable rate lime recommendation maps. An on-line vis-NIR soil sensor set up to a frame was used in this study. Lime application maps, based on pH predicted by vis-NIR techniques, were compared with maps based on traditional lab-measured pH. The validation of the calibration model using off-line spectra provided excellent prediction accuracy of pH (R2 = 0.85, RMSEP = 0.18 and RPD = 2.52), as compared to very good accuracy obtained with the on-line measured spectra (R2 = 0.81, RMSEP = 0.20 and RPD = 2.14). On-line predicted pH of all points (e.g., 2,160) resulted in the largest overall field virtual lime requirement (1.404 t), as compared to those obtained with 16 validation points off-line prediction (0.28 t), on-line prediction (0.14 t) and laboratory reference measurement (0.48 t). The conclusion is that the vis-NIR spectroscopy can be successfully used for the prediction of soil pH and for deriving lime recommendations. The advantage of the on-line sensor over sampling with limited number of samples is that more detailed information about pH can be obtained, which is the reason for a higher but precise calculated lime recommendation rate.
Characterization of the stem anatomy of the Eocene fern Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata (Dennstaedtiaceae) by use of confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Shi Chris S. , Schopf J. William , Kudryavtsev Anatoliy B.
Published: August 2013

• Premise of the study: Permineralization provides the most faithful known mode of three‐dimensional preservation of the morphology and cellular anatomy of fossil plants. Standard optical microscopic documentation of such structures can provide only an approximation of their true three‐dimensional form and is incapable of revealing fine‐structural (<300 nm) details, deficiencies that can be addressed by the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).

• Methods: To demonstrate the usefulness of CLSM in such studies, we compare confocal laser scanning micrographs and optical photomicrographs of the permineralized tissues of rhizomes and petioles of the Eocene fern Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata preserved in cherts of the Clarno Formation of Oregon, USA, and the Allenby Formation (Princeton chert) of British Columbia, Canada.

• Key results: The laser‐induced fluorescence detected by CLSM produces crisp high‐resolution images of the three‐dimensionally permineralized tissues of Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata. Tissues analyzed include the epidermis and epidermal hairs, cortex, aerenchyma, endodermis, vascular tissue, and pith—for each of which, CLSM yields results superior to those of standard optical microscopy. CLSM and previous Raman spectroscopic analyses of the same specimens provide evidence consistent with original biochemistry.

• Conclusions: Use of CLSM to characterize the morphology and cellular anatomy of permineralized fossil plants can provide accurate data in two and three dimensions at high spatial resolution, information that can be critically important to taxonomic, taphonomic, and developmental interpretations. Results presented here from this first detailed CLSM‐based study of permineralized plant axes indicate that this nonintrusive, nondestructive technique should be widely applicable in paleobotany.
Research on Mechanical Faults with Application of Three Order Cumulants' Coupling Features in Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Wu Wen Bing , Yang Shu Qun
Published: August 2013

In mechanical engineering, three-order cumulants have a lower computing complexity compared with bispectrum, and three-order cumulants complex formal includes different coupling information of signals in different difinitions, in the experiment, through these different coupling modes, features of fault signals and normal signals are fetched by 2-D wavelet in low frequency part, then these features are used to diagnose fault. The experiment shows that the method can achieve satisfactory result in different difinitions in mechanical fault diagnosis.
Design Method for Folding Boom Structure of Elevating Platform Rescue Fire Truck
Authors: Hu Jian , Ding Yi , Li Gang Yan , Xu Jun , Wang Yong Fei
Published: August 2013

The boom is the most important load-carrying part of the elevating platform rescue fire truck, and its design level directly affects on the function and value of fire truck. Based on the functional requirement analysis, the working height and boom type are determined. With mechanical calculation, the section part of folding boom is designed. According to the optimization design of luffing three hinged points of the lower boom, the mounting position of luffing cylinder next to the lower boom and the turntable size are obtained. Based on the presented design methods and process, the folding boom model is built with Pro/E software.
Dynamics Analysis of Milling Machine Spindle
Authors: You Yan Ru , Liu Hong Bin , Gao Li
Published: August 2013

The paper takes the numerical control milling machine xk8140 as the research object. The machine tools spindle system digital model is established in UG. The spindle systems natural frequency is obtained throng dynamics analysis of milling machine spindle under specific working conditions, as well as the relational of vibration and error in harmony response situation. In view of the result the rational appraisal to the spindle system structure rationality is made. Accordingly, the irrational causes removed, that noise increasing, processing quality reducing obviously and so on attribute to the irrational structure of the spindle system machine tools when the spindle rotational speed achieve 4000rpm or higher.
Analysis of Combined Support Technology with U-Shaped Steel Bracket and Anchor Bolt
Authors: Dong Hai Long , Hao Peng Wei , Liu Zhao Hui , Li Jing Pei , Jing Lai Wang
Published: August 2013

This paper synthetically analyzed essential features of various support methods in engineering geological soft rock, proposed a scheme that organically combines active support (like anchor bolt support) with passive support (like U-shaped steel bracket support), analyzed fundamentals of this combined support scheme, and forecasted support effect of this support scheme. It provides roadway support design with fresh ideas. U-shaped steel bracket can be translated into special anchor plate with the help of a section of simple steel channel beam, so effect of anchor bolt can be ensured; U-shaped steel bracket , this extremely long curved beam ,will be divided into several sections of short beams, so its bearing ability will be several times improved. Cost of this combined support scheme is low, its process is simple and its application prospect is wide.
Consistent Mode Mixity for the Interface Crack of the Bimaterial Disc under Diametric Compression Loading
Authors: Sun Zhi Jia , Li You Tang , Duan Hong Yan
Published: August 2013

The bimaterial disc specimen with central interface crack under diametric compression loading was simulated using the finite element method (FEM). The mode mixity for the interface crack was controlled by varying the compression angle. The consistent mode mixity independent of the assumed crack-extension size was obtained using the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) by introducing an arbitrary normalizing length lG.The relations of the compression angle and the oscillation index ε to the consistent mode mixity were discussed with the simulation results. It found that the critical compression angles corresponding to pure mode ΙΙ got closed to 250 as the absolute value of ε was very small and a fitted formula of the critical compression angle and the absolute value of ε was also obtained.
Stability Analysis for Horizontal Boom with Double Pulling Rods under Non-Conservative Forces
Authors: Wen Shu Rui , Lan Peng , Lu Nian Li
Published: August 2013

The horizontal boom of the tower crane in the rotary plane is a cantilever structure with large flexibility. Its stability analysis belongs to critical load problems under double non-conservative forces. In this paper, the second-order theory is used to establish the deflection differential equation in the rotary plane of the horizontal boom. According to the deformation compatibility conditions and the boundary conditions, the exact expression of the deflection equation and the instability characteristic equation in the rotary plane are obtained. The premise of the stability analysis is to determine the force relationship of the two pulling rods in the horizontal boom with double lifting points, which is a statically indeterminate structure. This paper is aimed at the structural characteristics and the load forms of the general boom. For the calculation of the pulling rod forces in the boom, the general expression is deduced considering the variety of the cross-section, the load and the position of lifting points. A highly efficient method for the stability analysis of the horizontal boom with double pulling rods is provided by the analytic expression of the instability characteristic equation and the internal forces in the statically indeterminate pulling rods.
Flow-Induced Noise Radiation from the Rotational Bodies Based on Fluid Mechanics Using Hybrid Immersed Boundary Lattice-Boltzmann/FW-H Method
Authors: Chen Li , Yu Yang , Hou Guo Xiang
Published: August 2013

A novel study of the simulations of the flow-induced noise from the moving boundary objects using the hybrid immersed boundary lattice-Boltzmann method (IB-LBM), which is the modern useful numerical method of fluid mechanics, on the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation is carried out. The permeable surface FW-H method has been demonstrated an effective technique of the far-field noise predication, because of its complete theories and successful applications in aeroacoustics. It usually need the information of the field near sound source. Therefore, we also adopt the effective and widely used IB-LBM to treat the interaction of the moving boundaries and the fluid, in order to simulate the near-field accurately. Some simulations are shown to test the hybrid method, including the rotational cylinder. The results prove that the hybrid IB-LBM/FW-H method can simulate the large field problems of the flow-induced noise effectively and accurately.
Study on Electronic Industry with an Application of Rectilinear Embedding in VLSI Placement
Authors: Pan Li Yan , Liu Yan Pei
Published: August 2013

The electronic industry has developed quickly in last few years, with the rapid growth of Very Large Scale Integration technology. Placement layout is considered as the original step in VLSI physical design. The rectilinear embedding, which originates from graph theory, has wide range of application in VLSI placement. In this paper, we constructed a mathematical model for VLSI placement. Firstly, the VLSI placement was converted to quadrangulation by using rectilinear embedding speculative knowledge. Then we provided generating functions for two types of quadrangulations with graph multiple parameters. And the explicit formulae were obtained by employing Lagrangian inversion. Furthermore, we found the relationship between outerplanar graph and Hamilton graph, so the counting result of Hamilton quadrangulation was derived. The quadrangulation calculation can be applied to the establishment of arithmetical algorithms, which can be widely used in the optimization of VLSI placement.
Study on the Model of Quantitative Evaluation of Circular Economy Development for Industry Manufacturing Based on WIOA
Authors: Li Shu Lin
Published: August 2013

the importance for sustainable development is increasingly being recognized by the world, and the looking for ways to implement sustainable development has become the focus in domestic and foreign academics. As an effective means of sustainable development, circular economy has been obtained the attention of academics and government. In this study, with the system analysis of development and principle of circular economy, based on the input-output analysis tools, this paper builds an input-output analysis table and the basic evaluation model of circular economy in enterprise for industry manufacturing.
The Modal Analysis of Focusing Mechanism for Laser Anti-Counterfeit Platform in Production Manufacturing Engineering
Authors: Tian Rui
Published: August 2013

The use of 3D design software Inventor, established the mechanical structure and the finite element model of laser anti-counterfeit platform focusing mechanism in production manufacturing engineering. Through doing the modal analysis and static analysis of the mechanism, we found the natural frequency and Vibration modes of the structure of focusing mechanism, and proved the mechanism design was reliable and stable to avoid the failure of focusing caused by mechanical resonance and which provided the basis for further optimization design for production manufacturing engineering.
Study on Manufacturing Engineering with Supply Chain Profit Model of Fast Moving Consumer Goods Based on TOC Operation Mode
Authors: Ji Shou Wen , Li Cong Cong , Chen Jia Juan
Published: August 2013

The article introduces Theory of Constraints to supply chain of manufacturing engineering field and establishes a FMCG supply chain fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, then use a practical research to support the research result. Through FMCG profit model, comparing TOC model and non-TOC model FMCG supply chain performance, demonstrate the advantage introducing TOC model in FMCG supply chain performance management field.
Modeling and Analysis of the Discrete Manufacturing Product Quality with Information Formation Process for Traceability
Authors: Zhao Xiu Xu , Zhao Lei , Hu Zhi Xiang , Zhou Chuan Li
Published: August 2013

Due to the various organizations and production processes of the product life cycle involved in the process of the formation of discrete manufacturing product quality information, there are many uncertain factors, making the process have high complexity. How to describe this process accurately to identify potential problems in the process effectively is extremely important. Therefore, the paper presents the product quality formation process modeling method based on Petri net; explores how to use Petri net tool to describe the product material flow and information flow in the product quality information formation process, as well as how to apply the theory of Petri net to analyze the state of the process, thereby potential problems in this process can be identified effectively. The paper verifies the effectiveness of the method with an example.
Design of Two-Welding Torch Automatic Welding Machine
Authors: Liu Jiang Tao , Yi Jing Gang , Jiang Hai Yong
Published: August 2013

For the continuous welding problem of multi-T-tube radiators intersecting line, a new type of two-welding torch automatic welding machine is designed. The design scheme of the welding machine is described, and its main mechanisms are designed. Using three-dimensional software, its model is built. Motion simulation and interference checking are carried out based on interpolation. The fact welding test shows: the intersecting line is accurately welded and the production efficiency and welding quality is enhanced.
Simulation Research on the Basic Platform's Automatic Leveling System Based on SimHydraulics
Authors: Chen Yong Qing , Xu Xin He , Zhu Hua Ling , Ye Shi De , Li Liang Tao
Published: August 2013

Based on the MATLAB/SimHydraulics toolbox, an automatic leveling system controlled by electro-hydraulic proportional valve was simulated and researched. With the help of Hydraulic components models in the SimHydraulics toolbox, the SimHydraulics Physical Network simulation and the Simulink control system simulation was integrated used, and the Simulink modules powerful numerical processing capability helped to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the system design. The simulation results showed that:The use of SimHydraulics toolbox on the simulation study of automatic leveling system controlled by electro-hydraulic proportional valve is feasible; The adjustment time of the automatic leveling system is short and the steady-state accuracy is high based on the PID controller.
A New Method for the Optimal Configuration of Ship-Based Aircraft Based on the Extended Backpack
Authors: Yu Yong Tao , Ding Ying , Yu Ying Hong
Published: August 2013

Ship-based aircraft how to scientifically reasonable and efficient configuration involves many complex factors, according to the study based on ship-based aircraft configuration expanding backpack theoretical optimization program. First, based on the operational capability of the ship-based aircraft to achieve the concept of the basic unit, to determine the basic configuration of the ship-based aircraft program to achieve a balanced and comprehensive defense capability; followed by analysis and to quantify the typical tasks threats, fuzzy decision evaluation model based on AHP method to build the basic unit of the ship-based aircraft mission capability; finally, based on generated expand backpacks theory the ship-based aircraft configuration program, and the use of genetic algorithm for efficient optimization.
A Study of Creative Figure Image Design for Computer Aided Design
Authors: Xie Jing Chen
Published: August 2013

The teachers of this study applied the cross-school team teaching method with 5 fourth-grade students from the Project Design Curriculum provided by the Department of Commercial Design of a Technology University in Central Taiwan to teaching and learning of creative ideas through discussions of a cooperative learning team. The humorous metaphorical design method of using office supplies to replace heads of figures was adopted with integration of virtual personalities of various roles in the job field to mock humans hypocrisy and pretense. Hand drawing was combined with computer graphics skills to create a series of creative figure image designs, as references for the vendor to develop and manufacture creative products.
Device Modeling of Ultrathin Ferroelectric Capacitors
Authors: Yang Feng , Wu Wei Bing , Yang Chang Hong , Wu Hai Tao , Hu Guang Da
Published: August 2013

A physically based model is developed for modeling the device behavior of ultrathin ferroelectric capacitors by considering ferroelectric/electrode interfacial capacitance and epitaxial strain arising from the lattice misfit in Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory. We constructed the interfacial capacitance-mismatch strain polarization/critical thickness diagrams for the ferroelectric ultrathin capacitor. It is found that, the remanent polarization states and critical thickness for ferroelectricity of thin films is greatly influenced by the interfacial capacitances in the ultrathin capacitors involving strained epitaxial films, and the enhanced interfacial capacitances can make the ultrathin capacitor free from size effects. The results provide some new design rules for improving ferroelectric behaviors of ultrathin film ferroelectric capacitors.
Design of the Inverted Brake in Substation Automation System
Authors: Wang Hong
Published: August 2013

This paper provides an overview of the program design of WINCC 6 interface design and Step7, for real-time monitoring interface 500KV centralized control station, station information and convenient control operation personnel in the room can obtain the distance, 500000 volt side switching control function.
Compressive Sensing-Based Angle Estimation for MIMO Radar with Multiple Snapshots
Authors: Li Jian Feng , Zhang Xiao Fei , Hu Tong
Published: August 2013

The issue of angle estimation for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is studied and an algorithm for the estimation based on compressive sensing with multiple snapshots is proposed. The dimension of received signal is reduced to make the computation burden lower, and then the noise sensitivity is reduced by the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of the covariance matrix of the reduced-dimensional signal. Finally the signal subspace obtained from the eigenvectors is realigned to apply the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) for angle estimation. The angle estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm, and reduced-dimension Capon. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm works well for coherent targets, and requires no knowledge of the noise. The complexity analysis and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Research on Kill Efficiency of Double Dogfight Weapon Fusillade in Complex Electromagnetic Environment
Authors: Lei Hong Li , Hu Zhao Hui
Published: August 2013

In order to improve the kill efficiency of the fighter aircraft under the complex electromagnetic environment, the anti-interference capability of all kinds of dogfight weapon is analyzed, a method of the double dogfight weapon fusillade is adopted to improve the kill capability of fighter aircraft. This paper builds up the attacking efficiency models of dogfight weapon, and proposes the optimized plan of the combination of the dogfight weapons by comparing the attacking efficiency, and provides the theoretical method to improve the kill capability of the fighter aircraft under the complex electromagnetic environment.
The Design and Implementation of the Tracking and Monitoring System for Gerocomium Based on Semi-Active RFID Technology
Authors: Zhong Xiao Yong , Li Zhang Bing , Liu Yu Zhen , Zhu Zi Lan
Published: August 2013

As the ageing of population is getting worse in China, both people and society pay more attention to the support and nursing of the elderly, establishing many gerocomium and monitoring system for the elderly. The monitoring system mainly focuses on the real-time monitoring, however, it is still not accurate and promptly enough in aspects of nursing, quick response, and fixed position accuracy. In order to reduce nursing accidents of the elderly, the semi-active radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been utilized in the monitoring and positioning system. The tracking and monitoring system of gerocomium has been built based on the idea of the Internet of Things Engineering, realizing the function of quick fixed position, active help-seeking, basic information management, and information processing of activities of the elderly. Therefore, in the real-time monitoring system, problems like inaccurate positioning, slow response, and delay of nursing and assisting the elderly are properly solved.
A Novel Method for Data Calibration in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Qi Wei Min , Xiao Jie
Published: August 2013

In order to provide efficient and suitable services for users in a ubiquitous computing environment, many kinds of context information technologies have been researched. Wireless sensor networks are among the most popular technologies providing such information. Therefore, it is very important to guarantee the reliability of sensor data gathered from wireless sensor networks. However there are several factors associated with faulty sensor readings which make sensor readings unreliable. The research put forward classifying faulty sensor readings into sensor faults and measurement errors, then propose a novel in-network data calibration algorithm which includes adaptive fault checking, measurement error elimination and data refinement. The proposed algorithm eliminates faulty readings as well as refines normal sensor readings and increase reliability. The simulation study shows that the in-network data calibration algorithm is highly reliable and its network overhead is very low compared to previous works.
Research on the Thermal Effect of Long Pulse Laser Irradiation BK7 Glass
Authors: Sun Yuan Yuan , Zheng Li , Song Li Min , Jia Qiu Rui , Liu Shi Bo
Published: August 2013

The temperature and thermal stress distribution on BK7 glass was numerical simulated by MATLAB according to heat conduction theory. Research has shown that the laser pulse number, spot radius and pulse width can change the extent of the damage threshold for BK7 glass. The results shown the damage threshold decreased with the laser pulse number and radius increasing. The laser power also increased with the pulse width reducing. At the same time, the damage threshold was corresponding reduced.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer Characteristic of Aluminum Nitride (AlN) Potting Compound for the End Windings of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Experimental Verification
Authors: Tai Xiang , Fan Tao
Published: August 2013

In the field of electric vehicles, the high power density demand for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has made the thermal management a great challenge, especially the end winding. For enhance the heat dissipation for end winding, Aluminum Nitride (AlN) potting compound is introduced. Numerical simulation is performed in this paper to evaluation the effect of usage of potting compound. A prototype motor is built up with the end winding filling with the proposed potting material. Experiment shows that the heat dissipation has improved compared with the baseline motor.
Influences of Electromagnetic Stirring Process Parameters on SiC Particle Distribution in Steel Matrix
Authors: Zhang Hai Ying , Bai Ling , Ma Kui Yu , Song Shu Zhen
Published: August 2013

SiC/Fe composite was prepared using electromagnetic stirring approach. The distribution of SiC particles in steel matrix was affected, in a different manner, by stirring power and stirring time in three test particle addition methods. When particles were blown from bottom of molten steel by airflow, the dispersion coefficient of particles was lower with reduced stirring power and prolonged stirring time. In contrast, when particles were dispersed directly by funnel or injected a block premade by particles and a small amount of matrix, the particle dispersion coefficient was increased following the decrease of stirring power or stirring time. This study provided a guidance of how to achieve a more uniform distribution of SiC particles in steel matrix.
Theory and Verify of Mensurate Cl- Ion by Flow Injection-Cathodic Potentiometric Stripping Analysis
Authors: Li Ying , Ni Jian Wen , Han Zhi Jia , Li Zai Yuan
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the theoretical equation of flow injection-cathodic potentiometric stripping analysis for Cl-ion determination was derived from theoretical analysis, and the experimental equation was summarized using multiple linear regression method. The result shows that the theoretical equation of flow injection-cathodic potentiometric stripping analysis for Cl-ion is: (dt/dE)max=K Apr-1/2D2/3-1/6Vf1/2teCx-/is;that the experimental equation of multiple linear regression method is: (dt/dE)max Cl-1.86×1010Vf0.568teCCl-/is. The two results are similar on Vf-average flow rate, te-concentrate time, CCl--Cl-ion concentration and isconstant current.
The Research on the Rice Bran Extruder's Body Structural Design
Authors: Li Hui , Hu Rui Hua
Published: August 2013

In view of the importance to the peoples health, the body structure of rice bran extruders using for the practical production was systematically designed. The research of this article provided a certain base for the further structural optimization of the rice bran extruder.
XPS Analysis of Carbon and Oxygen in Coking Coal with Different Density Intervals
Authors: Cai Chuan Chuan , Zhang Ming Xu
Published: August 2013

Study on the occurrence state of carbon and oxygen in the coking coal has a certain guiding meaning to make the most use of coking coal. Divide coal samples into different density level by float-sink experiments, and then use XPS to investigate the types and content of carbon and oxygen. The XPS spectrum of raw coal shows that the elements of raw coal are mainly consists of carbon and oxygen, a little of sulfur and silicon. The fitting map indicates that the content of carbon decrease with the increasing density; oxygen is just the opposite. C-C and C-H are the main forms of carbon; Oxygen exists in the forms of C-O or C=O and-OH.
Potential Transformer in High-Frequency and mV Voltage
Authors: Sui Shou Gang , Gao Huan Bing , Liu Cun Gen
Published: August 2013

Instrument Transformer is widely used in measurement. However, in many cases it is used in high-frequency or millivolt voltage, such as instrument transformer used in clamp meter. In this paper, an example of potential transformer in the high frequency and mV voltage is introduced, and measuring data are presented and analyzed.
Design of NIC Driver and Simple IP for Multi-Process Micro-Kernel Embedded OS on ARM
Authors: Qu Bo , Yang Zhong Xue
Published: August 2013

This paper describes the design and implementation of NIC driver and simple IP for an embedded OS in technical details, including the key techniques of designing NIC driver, ether net interface, ARP, IP and ICMP routines. The network routines are implemented for the ARM based multi-process micro-kernel embedded operating system developed by the author of this paper on Linux platform with GNU tool chain. A shell command, ping, is designed to show the effect of network performance. Based on the NIC driver, UDP, TCP and socket routines can be designed further. This multi-process micro-kernel embedded operating system with network capabilities is suitable and helpful for both embedded operating system research and related curriculum teaching.
The Electric Field Analysis of the Warm Dielectric HTS Power Cable
Authors: Teng Yu Ping , Dai Shao Tao , Xiao Li Ye , Zhang Dong , Cheng Bing Song
Published: August 2013

The 75 m/1.5 kA AC high-temperature superconducting cable(75 m HTS cable) and the 360 m/10 kA DC HTS power cable (10 kA HTS cable), which are supported by Chinese State 863 projects, are both of the demonstration projects facing to industrialization application. The characteristic in structure of warm dielectric (WD) insulated HTS cable is introduced. The electric field distribution characteristic at the cryogenic envelope body, the end-point of metallic shield layer at the end of the HTS cable and the connection sections are analyzed; the controlling method for electric field stress is introduced; there is serious concentration of electric field both in the termination and the connection sections between the termination and the cryogenic envelope. It is difficult to calculate the electric field of the part with irregular or special structure by resolution analytical methods, and the numerical analysis method is effective to analyze the electric field of the shaped structural part for HTS cable. The electric analysis, simulation, the design and processing of insulation for the two cables are finished based upon these two cables run well by now.
A Comparative Study of Ultra-Long Distance Transmission Technology
Authors: Gao Yu , Wen Jun , Wen Jia Liang , Wu Jing , Liu Xiao Xia , Gu Teng Fei
Published: August 2013

Therere two main methods for ultra-long distance transmission: half-wave length alternating current transmission and ultra high voltage direct current transmission. Its described in this paper that the working principle, and operational performance of both technology. In addition a comparison is made in areas of technology and performance including transmission capacity, reactive power compensation, stability and over-voltage. The parameters from the running project and theoretical prediction is used to make an economical comparison among the 1000kV half-wave length alternating current transmission and ±1000kV, ±800kV ultra high voltage direct current transmission.
H∞ Control to the BUCK-Type Switching Power Supply with Small Perturbation
Authors: Li Zi Сheng , Xu Li , Yuan Bao Shan
Published: August 2013

The purpose in this paper is the design of the control to switching power supply for small perturbations. By the theoretical analysis and calculation, with the output filter inductor current and filter capacitor voltage switching power supply as two state variables, the conclusion is that control of the output filter inductor current sampling do well in the anti-jamming. The simulation is made for verification. And comparing the results, the current control mode shows a very strong anti-interference ability.
Comparative Study of the Methods to Increase AC Transmission Lines Capacity
Authors: Gu Teng Fei , Wen Jun , Wen Jia Liang , Wu Jing , Liu Xiao Xia , Gao Yu
Published: August 2013

There are some traditional methods to increase AC transmission lines capacity, such as: improve voltage level, increase wire cross section area, use compact transmission line, add FACTS equipment and improve the temperature of the wire. A new method with converting ac line to dc line to increase the power capacity of AC transmission lines was put out in recent years. The fundamental principal and working characteristics of the method mentioned above are described in this paper together with the comparative analysis based on the existing experimental results and real data on technical level and economic level.
Calculation and Simulation of High-Speed Rail Connecting Ground Wire Coupled Response in Lightning Transient
Authors: Cui Yun Guang , Huang Bo , Wu Hao , Wu Guang Ning , Cao Xiao Bin
Published: August 2013

With the rapid development of China's high-speed rail construction, accidents caused by lightning are more frequent. How to achieve a more effective lightning protection and grounding is the urgent problem to be solved currently. A two-parallel-connecting-ground-wire transmission line model with the distributed parameter of electromagnetic coupling would be built in this paper. In this model, the connecting ground wire would be defined as horizontal infinite length grounding body. The own distribution parameters of segmented conductor and the parameters of the electromagnetic coupling between the parallel segmented conductors are calculated, based on the theory of electromagnetic field to select the appropriate segment size. Based on this transmission line model, the electric potential distribution of the different positions on the two parallel connecting ground wires is calculated by using the electromagnetic transient calculation software ATP-EMTP. Comparing the calculation results in this paper and the simulation results in the simulation software CDGES, it would demonstrate that the electromagnetic coupling distributed parameter transmission line model in this paper is consistent with the actual situation and it could be used to analyze the electromagnetic coupling effect between the two buried parallel connecting ground wires.
Parameter Sensitivity and Estimation of a Novel Hybrid Scheme Based on MRAS in Indirect Vector Control System
Authors: Cui Ting Rui , Zhang Li Wei , Liu Jie
Published: August 2013

The indirect vector control scheme is machine parameter dependent. And parameter identification schemes are themselves dependent on some motor parameters. This paper analyzes parameter sensitivities of two identification methods, reactive power model and q-axis flux model based on MRAS are analyzed through extensive simulations and experiments on an induction motor. Then a novel scheme is proposed based on hybrid model by combining the two adaptive models. The results demonstrate that the hybrid scheme is almost parameter independent in different operation conditions. And it is considered useful in practical application.
Parameters Recursive Identification of Minimum Variance Control
Authors: Dai Zhi Hua , Pan Yu An , Yao Jie
Published: August 2013

we discuss the problem of parameters recursive identification and designing of optimal input signal for minimum variance control from the point of system identification. we propose multi-innovation recursive least-squares identification method and separable iterative recursive least-squares identification method to identify and estimate it on line. Finally, the efficiency and possibility of the proposed strategy can be confirmed by the simulation example results.
Application of Multi-Objective Optimization Model in Design of Photovoltaic Architecture
Authors: Shi Jie , Shi Jun , Yang Lin Lin , Tang Xiu Ying , Zhang Yi Jie
Published: August 2013

With the increasingly serious crisis of the energy problem, all around the world, the application of solar energy has become an approach of solving the problem undoubtedly. In recent years, due to the rapid development of Chinese photovoltaic (PV) industry, the emergence of PV buildings is more and more widely in the domestic. The current trend is to apply Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software to realize the design of Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV). The core problem of CAD is to obtain the best solution to a laying scheme of PV cell. In this paper, the design problem of PV building is concerned about. Through the research on the multi-objective optimization theory, it is to establish the model of multi-objective optimization that can meet these two objectives of the largest total annual solar photovoltaic power generation, yet the smallest possible the unit cost of power generation. The model can be solved by MATLAB using ideal point method. In order to detail explain the application of model and verify it, the design of PV cabin, in Datong area of Shanxi Province, is as an example. The study has laid the foundation for the development of CAD in the future.
A New Method Used to Eliminate the DC Component of Grid-Connected Inverter
Authors: Wang Zhi Yu , Zhu Yong Qiang
Published: August 2013

Due to the impact from the conditioning circuit, it is easy to generate DC component for the reference voltage when the digital signal processor (DSP) sampling the grid voltage. It cannot eliminate the DC component for the grid inverter based on feed-forward decoupling control, and this would bring the DC component to the inverter voltage. The traditional DC component elimination method includes two aspects of hardware and software. This paper presents a new method to eliminate the DC component. The simulation results show that the algorithm is correct by using PSCAD/EMTDC.
Research and Design of Image Acquisition System Using USB2.0 Interface
Authors: Zhang Jin Hai
Published: August 2013

Image acquisition is to study an image acquisition, transmission and storage of information, is the basis of image processing technologies. Currently most of the image acquisition device through the computer interface in the image data into the computer, with high speed and large storage capacity of the computer complete the image acquisition. Traditional computer interface in image processing of data if there is a problem such as high cost, inconvenience, in response to this situation, this paper proposes a USB2.0 interface technology of image acquisition system programme.
Study on Transient Thermal Resistance of Microwave Pulse Power Device
Authors: Ding Xiao Ming , Chen Gang , Wang Dian Li
Published: August 2013

Wherever possible, we have adopted the newest modern technology. The Au-Si binary alloy sintered chips are silicon or silicon carbide power devices. The sintered temperature is 380 to 390 °C. Using micro-infrared thermal image instrument, compares the microwave transient infrared thermal image test results of sample devices which chips welded process under two different process condition. Measured results show that the thermal resistance after chip welded process optimized is twenty percent smaller than before. It describes the importance of controlling the chip welded process parameters during assembly.
A Submicron InGaAs/InP Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor with Ft and Fmax of 280GHz
Authors: Zhao Yan , Cheng Wei , Wang Yuan , Gao Han Chao , Lu Hai Yan
Published: August 2013

A submicron InGaAs/InP DHBT fabricated using triple mesa structure and BCB planarization technology is presented. All processes are on 3-inch wafers. The DHBT with emitter area of 0.7×10μm2 exhibits a current cutoff frequency ft and a maximum oscillation frequency fmax both of 280GHz. The breakdown voltage is more than 4V. The high speed InGaAs/InP DHBT with comparable high breakdown voltage is promising for voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and mixer applications at W band or even higher frequencies.
A Novel Frequency Locked Loop Based on Stochastic Resonance
Authors: Zhang Wei Tong , Li Zhi Qiang , Zhu Wen Ming
Published: August 2013

Frequency locked loop (FLL) plays an important role in carrier synchronization because of its excellent dynamic performance. However, it performs inadequately in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, the principle of stochastic resonance (SR) is briefly introduced and a SR processor is proposed. Based on traditional FLL, the SR processor is added before frequency discriminator in order to weaken the effect that thermal noise brings to FLL. The paper investigates the processing effect of SR. Simulation results show that the performance of improved FLL is greatly improved. It can tolerate rather high dynamics and tracking accuracy of frequency achieve 0.2Hz even with CNR as low as 25 dBHz, which verified the validity of above ideas.
Stacked Tri-Band Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna for CNSS Applications
Authors: Ding Kang , Yu Tong Bin , Guan Dong Fang , Peng Cheng
Published: August 2013

This paper proposes a novel stacked tri-band circularly polarized antenna which has three independent ports. To obtain tri-band operation, a stacked three layers of microstrip antenna working at different frequency is presented. Each of them is fed by dual feed probes. The simulated results show that the antenna can cover Compass Navigation Satellite System CNSS B3 1.268 GHz, L band 1.615 GHz and S band 2.49 GHz. The proposed antenna has achieved a bandwidth of 3.1%, 6.8% and 2.3% at each band, respectively. It exhibits small axial ratio under 3dB in three bands for the CNSS applications. Details of the proposed antenna design and results for the obtained tri-band circularly polarized performances are presented and discussed.
AlNGaN HEMT T-Gate Optimal Design
Authors: Zhang Xiao Wei , Jia Ke Jin , Wang Yuan Gang , Feng Zhi Hong , Zhao Zheng Ping
Published: August 2013

The GaN HEMT is widely used in high-frequency aspects, use the T-gate to reduce gate resistance is one of the most effective methods to improve the the device maximum oscillation frequency (fmax). But fmax is very sensitive to T-gate size, improper selection may reduce fmax, Therefore, in order to reduce the cost of production, it is necessary to select appropriate simulation T-gate size. We have worked out AlGaN/GaN HEMT with gate length of 0.17μm and fmax values 110GHz. Accuracy of the simulation model is verified by experiment. Then detailed simulates the impact of the T-gate size and we obtain ptimized T-gate size range.
Design and Implementation of a Large Points FFT Acceleration Unit in Multi-Processor System Based on FPGA
Authors: Zhang Duo Li , Yang Xue Peng , Song Yu Kun
Published: August 2013

This paper introduces the design and implementation of a large points FFT acceleration unit of multi-processor system based on FPGA. It introduces radix-2 DIT-FFT algorithm and the features of hardware platform. It analyzes the FFT acceleration unit overall and divides it into several modules. Then hardware implementations of modules are discussed. The whole FFT acceleration unit is a part of one multi-processor image processing system and the whole system is tested by software and hardware co verification. Results are verified between the software simulation and Virtex6 evaluation board of Xilinx Company. The results are compatible in the range of error. The FFT acceleration unit meets the needs of the whole system and the design is successful.
Continuous Hidden Markov Model Based Incipient Fault Monitoring in Filtered Analog Circuits
Authors: Ao Yong Cai , Shi Yi Bing , Zhang Wei , Li Yan Jun
Published: August 2013

The small variations of components parameters often lead to severe performance degradation in Filtered Analog Circuits (FAC). Most of the researches on soft fault diagnosis in analog circuit are focused on the variations beyond 30% of the nominal parameter in recent years, which is usually unacceptable in FAC. To diagnose the soft fault of small deviation as earlier as possible, the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) was introduced to monitor the FAC. Different from the existing diagnosis approaches based on HMM, in which the variations of components parameters were considered to be random, the continuous variations of the fault component parameter are discretized and modeled by the hidden states of the proposed HMM method. The experiment demonstrates that the proposed HMM approach can model the FAC effectively and recognize the incipient fault earlier.
Modeling and Simulation of Full-Bridge Series Resonant Converter Based on Generalized State Space Averaging
Authors: Wang Ping , Liu Can , Guo Lin
Published: August 2013

The small signal modeling technique based on the generalized state space averaging method is applied to single phase full-bridge resonant DC/DC converter .According to the simulation, the frequency characteristic curve is obtained from MATLAB, this paper analyzes the influence of the duty ratio, input voltage to frequency characteristics, then builds a closed loop simulation circuit with PSIM software, the simulation results show that, the small signal model has good controllability and anti disturbance resistance, generalized state space averaging method is more accurate to series resonant converter modeling.
A Refined Concentric Anchor-Beacons Location Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Received Signal Strength Indicator
Authors: Zhang Kun , Zhang Can , He Chen , Yin Xiao Hu
Published: August 2013

As the development of technology, the wireless sensor networks (WSN) have a wide spread usage. And people pay more attention on the localization algorithm, as the key technology of WSN, there have been many method of self-localization. The concentric anchor-beacons (CAB) location algorithm is one of the most practical one, which is a range-free WSN localization algorithm. In order to further improve the accuracy of localizing nodes, an improved CAB location algorithm base on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is proposed. The RSSI is used to measure the distance between two anchors and compare with the practical distance. Then the environment between two anchors can be simulated. At last the communication radius of anchors can be optimized. And the common area of the anchors in the process of localizing nodes can be reduced. Then the accuracy is improved. By simulation, the localization accuracy is improved when the anchors numbers is more than a certain percentage.