bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The State of Nursing Research in Ghana: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Christmals Christmal D. , Gross Janet , Aziato Lydia , Armstrong Susan J.
Published: November 2018

Introduction

For nursing practice to be responsive to the needs of patients, it must be driven by contextual research evidence. To guide institutional and national nursing research policy, there is need to determine the quantity and quality of nursing research in Ghana.

Purpose

The purpose of this integrative literature review was to quantify, critically evaluate, and describe nursing research publication in Ghana from January 2007 to December 2016 with regard to the country's research capacity to sustain evidence-based practice.

Results

Sixty (60) out of 749 articles identified from EBSCOhost, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar using three keywords (nursing, health, and Ghana) were included. A total of 60,778 human subjects were used in these studies. There were more quantitative (28) studies than qualitative (23) studies. These studies recorded 219 authors from 120 institutions, 55 of which were outside Ghana. Forty-five percent of the articles were published in journals with impact factor. There was a steady increase in publication in Ghana over the decade. A majority of the studies published in education were in curriculum implementation and evaluation.

Conclusions

The increasing number of peer-reviewed nursing research publications in Ghana and the curriculum implementation and evaluation in Ghana signified an increasing capacity of the country to implement and sustain evidence-based practice.

Recommendations

It is recommended that regular research be conducted to evaluate the responsiveness to old and new nursing programs in Ghana.
Professional Development for the Experienced Music Educator: A Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Koner Karen , Eros John
Published: November 2018

There is a rich body of literature on professional development in music education, including research that has examined the professional development needs of experienced music teachers specifically. In fact, music teachers’ professional development needs may be affected by their degree of experience in the profession. The purpose of this literature review is to examine scholarship during the period 2007 to 2017 about the professional development needs of experienced K–12 music educators. Initial examination of literature in this area shows two emerging themes, including changing needs throughout the career and informal interactions among music educators, being highly effective.
Onsets of progression and second treatment determine survival of patients with symptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Guidez Stephanie , Labreuche Julien , Drumez Elodie , Ysebaert Loic , Bakala Jana , Delette Caroline , Hivert Bénédicte , Protin Caroline , Declercq Hervé , Verlay Mélanie , Marolleau Jean Pierre , Duhamel Alain , Morel Pierre
Published: November 2018

Few reports assess prognosis during follow-up of patients with symptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). In 121 WM patients treated between 1993 and 2016, we analyzed the prognostic role during the clinical course of the initial International Prognostic Scoring System for WM (IPSSWM). Then, we assessed onset of response, progression, and second treatment initiation coded as time-dependent covariates. High-risk IPSSWM was an adverse prognostic factor for survival after first treatment initiation (SAFTI). Nevertheless, the corresponding Dxy concordance index obtained in multiple landmark analyses decreased from 0.24 to 0.08 during the first 6 years, in accordance with a departure from the proportional hazard assumption. By contrast with onset of response (whatever its level), onset of progression and initiation of second-line treatment retained prognostic value for SAFTI (P = .02 and P = .006, respectively). These findings were confirmed in cause-specific Cox models for deaths related to WM, but not for unrelated deaths. Time to progression after first-line treatment and time to initiation of second-line treatment had no prognostic value for survival after these 2 events. These results were confirmed in an independent series of 119 patients homogeneously treated with chemoimmunotherapy. Finally, after second-line and third-line treatment, onset of progression had significant prognostic value for subsequent risk of related death only. Thus, taking initial IPSSWM and delayed response to treatment into account, only onset of progression and second treatment initiation provided additional prognostic information for SAFTI. Therefore, progression-free survival or time to next treatment may be satisfactory surrogate end points of SAFTI in WM.
The effect of natalizumab on disability score and relapse rate of multiple sclerosis patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mazdeh Mehrdokht , Hosseini Shno , Taheri Mohammad , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh
Published: November 2018

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive immune‐related disorder of the central nervous system leading to destruction of myelin sheaths. Natalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the cell adhesion molecule α4‐integrin which has been approved for treatment of relapsing forms of MS. This study aims at determining the effect of natalizumab on expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score and relapse rate of MS patients. Fifty MS patients participated in the present prospective cohort study. Twenty patients (Mean age ± SD: 33 ± 6.03) received natalizumab and 30 patients (Mean age ± SD: 36.83 ± 7.24) were under treatment with IFN‐β (control group). Patients were followed‐up during a 12‐month period. EDSS score and clinical signs were assessed monthly. Significant decreases were detected in EDSS score in natalizumab treated patients compared with the controls in months 10, 11 and 12. EDSS score showed a significant decrease in 80% of natalizumab treated patients. Number of relapses was significantly lower in natalizumab treated patients compared with control group. Natalizumab is effective in improvement of disability and reduction of relapse rate in MS patients.
Role of glutamine, as free or dipeptide form, on muscle recovery from resistance training: a review study
Authors: Raizel Raquel , Tirapegui Julio
Published: November 2018

Background

Glutamine plays a key role in several essential metabolic processes and is an important modulator of the heat shock protein (HSP) response, a crucial mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis and to promote cell resistance to injury and death. This review summarized the effects of freel-glutamine or the dipeptidel-alanyl-l-glutamine upon muscle injury and inflammation, as well as muscle recovery from resistance training.

Main body of the abstract

The 70-kDa HSP (HSP70) expression is enhanced by glutamine, via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, which inhibits the NF-κB pathway regenerating and recovering myofibers through the regulation of the early inflammatory response to muscle injury, which may be impaired by local and systemic inflammatory injury due to reduced intracellular levels of HSP70.

Short conclusion

Studies show that chronic oral administration of freel-glutamine or the dipeptide can attenuate the injury and inflammation induced by intense aerobic and exhaustive exercise. However, the effects on muscle recovery from resistance training are unclear.
Impossibly good looks: A pragma-ontological approach to unearthing the latent rhetorical structure of anti-ageing advertising discourse
Authors: Rossolatos George
Published: November 2018

This paper aims at unearthing the appeals, the argumentative schemes and the modes of rhetorical configuration that make up the rhetorical structure of the anti-ageing skin care product category’s print advertising discourse. To this end, the pragma-ontological approach is put forward as an offshoot of the pragma-dialectical perspective in rhetorical analysis and criticism. The pragma-ontological approach adds interpretative depth to the overt argumentation structure of anti-ageing products’ ads on the grounds of fundamental ontology/existential phenomenology. The analysis points to three levels where the ads’ arguments function: an overt level and two covert ones. On the overt level the ads function against the background of mixed ethos/pathos/ logos appeals that buttress an argumentation scheme from values. On a primary covert level, the ads appear to be functioning through an indirect appeal to fear, while resting on an argumentation scheme from consequences. On a secondary covert level, the ads are shown to be appealing indirectly to ontological angst, while manifesting an argumentation scheme per impossibile. The cultural implications for policy-making are highlighted amidst a predicament where anti-ageing claims are attracting heavy criticism.
Financial discourse of the 2007–2008 crisis: From unpredictability and explosion to predictability
Authors: Zárate Griselda , Zambrano Homero
Published: November 2018

This paper aims to identify the inflection point in financial discourse, the moment of explosion and unpredictability in the 2007–2008 economic crisis, through an analysis of metaphors, and its relation to the concept of jumps in finance. The corpus is formed by articles dating from 2007–2008 published in The Wall Street Journal and related to the movements of the Standard & Poor’s 500 index (S&P500) of the United States. For the purposes of this paper, two texts are analysed: “Traders in Lehman, AIG held out hope – Friday”, and the speech “Four questions about the financial crisis” by Ben S. Bernanke. What is of particular interest is the transformation of unpredictability to predictability, as incorporated in this type of discourse to indicate a predetermined chain of events, chosen from a wide spectrum of possibilities. The theoretical framework draws on Juri Lotman’s views on the concepts of explosion, unpredictability, inflection point and predictability.
Giorgio Prodi and the lower threshold of semiotics
Authors: Eco Umberto
Published: November 2018

Publication of a translation of the text of Umberto Eco’s talk given in honour of Giorgio Prodi in 1988.
Umberto Eco on the biosemiotics of Giorgio Prodi
Authors: Kull Kalevi
Published: November 2018

The article provides a commentary on Umberto Eco’s text “Giorgio Prodi and the lower threshold of semiotics”. An annotated list of Prodi’s English-language publications on semiotics is included.
The poetic text: an interdisciplinary interpretation
Authors: Синельникова Лара , Sinel'nikova Lara
Published: November 2018

The monograph presents the author's concept of interpretation of poetic texts. Voluminous typological matrix is formed based on a multidisciplinary approach that combines Philology, cognitive science, discourse studies and some other Humanities. New approaches to the analysis of poetic texts correlate with traditional concepts, with the ideas of linguistic poetics, which United linguists and literary critics on the way to a systematic knowledge of the language of poetry and the structure of the poetic text. The volume of empirical material contributes to objective conclusions about the evolution of poetic language and its means of expression and significantly complements the educational resource necessary for the formation of interdisciplinary educational competencies.
The monograph is addressed to philologists, as well as representatives of other Humanities and a wide range of poetry lovers.
Automation of productions
Authors: Чепчуров Михаил , Chepchurov Mihail , Четвериков Борис , Chetverikov Boris
Published: November 2018

The questions of automation in the field of mechanical engineering, design for automated engineering, development of technological processes of automated production, transporting and orienting devices, modern equipment used in automated production, as well as control systems. In a separate Chapter the technique of a comparative assessment of economic efficiency of introduction of automation is resulted.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
The textbook is recommended for students of 15.03.01 "mechanical engineering" and 15.03.05 "Design and technological support of machine-building industries", studying the discipline "automation of production processes".
Holidays in the home: Chanukah
Authors: Johnson Karen
Published: November 2018

Chanukah is probably one of the best-known Jewish festivals, as it normally falls close to Christmas. The dates of Chanukah and Christmas might well be associated, because they both fall in December. The early Christian Church chose 25 December to celebrate Christmas, taking over the birthday of the Greek god Zeus.
Avoiding permanent exclusion
Authors: Sobel Daniel
Published: November 2018

When the behaviour and challenges presented by a student spiral so far out of control, there is only one solution – isn't there? Continuing his focus on common challenges facing schools, Daniel Sobel discusses how we can avoid turning to the last resort
Metacognition explained
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: November 2018

The Teaching and Learning Toolkit ranks metacognition and self-regulation practices as among the most effective for students, especially those who are disadvantaged. In this two-part article, Matt Bromley asks ‘what is metacognition?’
Poverty and mental health
Authors: Stafford Clare
Published: November 2018

There are clear links between poverty and mental health and wellbeing. Clare Stafford continues her series on vulnerable learners with a focus on how schools can mitigate the impact of poverty
SEND and school governance
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: November 2018

A school's governing body must support and challenge the leadership, SENCO and other staff in order to ensure fair and equal access to education for all students with SEND. Matt Bromley outlines your responsibilities
Availability of global health opportunities in North American Paediatric Orthopaedic Fellowship Programmes
Authors: Siy A. B. , Lins L. A. , Dahm J. S. , Shaw J. T. , Simske N. M. , Noonan K. J. , Whiting P. S.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Orthopaedic residents are increasingly seeking international health electives (IHEs) during training, many of which involve providing paediatric orthopaedic care. However, little is known about the availability of IHEs during orthopaedic fellowship training. Our study sought to assess the global health opportunities available to North American paediatric orthopaedic fellows.

Methods

We conducted an online, REDCap-based survey of paediatric orthopaedic fellowship programme directors (PDs) in the United States and Canada. The survey link was sent by the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) Evidence-Based Medicine Committee to all POSNA-approved paediatric orthopaedic fellowship PDs. Follow-up reminder emails were delivered at set time intervals.

Results

The overall response rate was 55% (26/47). Only three of 26 responding programmes (11.5%) offered a structured global health programme but 42.3% of programmes (11/26) reported fellow IHE participation within the last ten years. In all, 91% of PDs reported that fellows were extremely satisfied with their IHE, and 91% agreed that IHEs are valuable for trainees. Perceived barriers to fellow participation in IHEs included lack of funding, lack of established partner sites, lack of interest among fellows and concerns related to time away compromising clinical/call coverage. In all, 65.4% of PDs agree that IHE participation during training plays a major role in shaping fellows’ future volunteer activities.

Conclusion

There are limited global health opportunities among North American paediatric orthopaedic fellowship programmes, with only 11.5% offering a structured global health programme. Greater efforts to establish sustainable funding and international partnerships may increase opportunities for IHEs during paediatric orthopaedic fellowship training.

Level of Evidence

Level II
Comparison of detergent and CTAB method for isolation of DNA from Salak ( Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss. ‘Pondoh’)
Authors: Arfa Namira Nur , Daryono Budi Setiadi , Reflinur Reflinur
Published: November 2018

This study conducted in Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Balai Besar Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian (BB- Biogen) Bogor. The aims of this study are to determine and comparing the quantity,  quality and the efficiency of DNA isolation result using detergent method and CTAB method.  The parameters observed in this study are the value of DNA concentration, purity, and visualization result using gel electrophoresis. The samples are the leaves of Salak ‘Pondoh’ (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss.). Detergent method is a method which was developed by Faculty of Biology UGM, it has simple method and relatively affordable cost. Meanwhile, CTAB method is one of the commonly used methods of DNA isolation protocol with relatively expensive cost.  Detergent method used detergent in the cell wall separation and protein removal in the sample. The CTAB method used Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) for cell membrane separation in the sample. The research methods included DNA isolation with detergent and CTAB methods, PCR analysis and electrophoresis. Data analysis was done quantitatively  using spectrophotometric method and qualitative used electrophoresis method. The result of the study  showed that DNA isolation using  CTAB method showed higher purity compared with detergent method with the purity values ranging from 1,3- 1,4 . Meanwhile, the concentration of DNA in the detergent method was higher than that of CTAB with the highest concentration of 1730 µg/ml. There is no difference between the  quality of genomic DNA isolated by CTAB and detergent methods.
Physiological Response of 'Segreng' Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.) to Biogas Sludge at Wukirsari Village, Cangkringan, Sleman
Authors: Siswanti Dwi Umi , Asri Nindy Senissia , Arlinda Mifta , Rochman Arianda Poetri Shofia , Syahidah Akrima
Published: November 2018

Wukirsari Village, Cangkringan District is belong to Merapi Mountain’s slopes which located between the Gendol River and Yellow River. Nowadays, we faced the problem of anorganic fertilizer overused such as Urea, ZA, TSP/SP-36 and KCl in agriculture land. The effort to return the soil organic compound can be done by added some organic compounds or microbial bio -organic fertilizer. Sludge is fermented biodigester yield and it has lost its gas. The aim of this research was to understand the physiological response and optimum dose of biogas as planting medium to ‘Segreng’ Rice planted in the rice field of Wukirsari Village, Cangkringan District, Sleman Regency. This research was done on greenhouse scale and rice field scale. The treatment given on 0; 1; 1,5; 2 and 2,5 liters per 100 m2 of rice field areas, and given on 0; 4; 8; 12; and 24 ml per 5 kg soil on polybags. Data were taken in three repetitions. The vegetative growth parameters included plant height, number of leaves, number of seedlings and chlorophyll content, while generative growth parameters measured included NRA levels, dried biomass including crown/stem, roots, filled grains, empty grains, and total weight and number of filled grains, empty rains, and the number of panicles. The result were tested with ONE WAY ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with SPSS version 19 for Windows and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test with 95% significance level (α = 0.05). Generally, the result showed that biogas sludge can increase the vegetative and generative growth of rice plant ‘Segreng’ on polybag scale and rice field scale. The rice plant on polybag with 4 ml biogas sludge was significantly different on the vegetative growth and chlorophyll content, while the rice plant on polybag with 8 ml biogas sludge was significantly different on the generative growth and NRA levels.
Determination of occupational anxiety levels of teacher candidates studying in a different departments
Farklı bölümlerde öğrenim gören öğretmen adaylarının mesleki kaygı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Harmandar Demirel Duygu , Serdar Emrah , Demirel Mehmet
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study is to determine the anxiety levels of the students studying in the teaching departments and to examine these according to different variables. The sample of the study consisted of 400 non-random sampling methods and 400 prospective teachers who were studying at Dumlupinar University. The personal information form created by the researchers and the data related to the pre-service teachers' concerns about the teaching profession were provided by Caba and Yalçınalp (2009). In the research findings: “Gender”, “Age”, “Satisfaction Status”, “Class”, “Faculty” and “Sports Making Status” showed a significant difference in “OAST” total scores (p <0.05). As a result, it can be concluded that the vocational anxiety levels of the teacher candidates studying in different departments differ according to some variables.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırma ile öğretmenlik bölümlerinde okuyan öğrencilerinin mesleğe yönelik kaygı düzeylerini belirlemek ve bunu farklı değişkenlere göre incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini seçkisiz olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden uygun örnekleme yoluyla seçilen ve Dumlupınar Üniversitesinde öğrenim görmekte olan 400 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada oluşturulan demografik bilgi formu ve öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik kaygılarına ilişkin veriler Cabı ve Yalçınalp (2009) tarafından geliştirilen Öğretmen Adaylarına Yönelik Mesleki Kaygı Ölçeği (ÖAYMK) ile sağlanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde; betimsel istatistik yöntemler, Man Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis testlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularında: “Cinsiyet”, “Yaş”, “Okuduğu Bölümden Memnun Olma Durumu”, “Sınıf”, “Fakülte” ve “Spor Yapma Durumu” göre “ÖAYMK” toplam puanlarında manidar farklılık bulunmuştur. Araştırmaya gore, öğretmen adaylarının meslekleri ile ilgili kaygı seviyelerinin değişkenlere göre farklılaştığı sonucuna varılabilir.
The Stamp of Rarity
Authors: Heffernan Julián Jiménez
Published: November 2018

There are patterns of continuité discontinu (Derrida) in the figural transactions between human groups and between humans and animals in George Eliot’s Daniel Deronda that remain underexamined. By emphasizing ironic incommensurability and difference, this essay seeks to reveal the logic of ungivenness organizing human interactions in a novel haunted by images of deep time and species extermination. Eliot’s interest in ancestrality and extinction was fueled by her readings in geology and biology (Darwin), but it also evinces a metaphysical concern with uncorrelated time (Kant) that is inseparable from her fascination with the idea of moral rarity.
Croatian written word and identity of Croats in Hungary
Authors: Bality Szilveszter
Published: November 2018

The written production of Croats in Hungary so far has only been partially collected, recorded and bibliographically processed. This shortcoming is attempted to be compensated by several researches that intend to collect and process Croatian publications published from the end of the First World War to 2015. The aim of this paper is to describe the connection between the Croatian written word and the formation of various social / collective identities. the national identity of the Croatian community in Hungary in the last 100-150 years. Referring to many studies, we can say that the printed word has played a crucial role in shaping society in recent centuries. The spread and more efficient distribution of printed products is associated with movements such as the Reformation, various revolutions that greatly affected society, radically changed relations within communities. In addition, most researchers dealing with the processes of emergence of various collective identities, e.g., modern national communities (B. Anderson, E. Gellner, A. D. Smith, J. Assmann, etc.), give key importance to the spread of printed products. In the mentioned period, books are printed, various periodicals are published in the Croatian language and, we assume, these editions reach their readers. This paper will identify those collective value systems whose presence has been confirmed among Croats in Hungary, describe why the written word plays an important role in building social identities, and confirm the persistence of such identities on the pages of Croatian print media in Hungary.
Business performance of Croatian, US and EU publishing industry
Authors: Papić Anita , Sajter Domagoj
Published: November 2018

The main purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the financial ‘health’ of the Croatian publishing market in the five-year period (2010-2015) considering the continental (EU) as well as the global context (USA) in regard to phenomenon called ‘cannibalization’. The statistical analysis of losses in revenue incurred on printed books, periodicals and newspapers and gains in revenue acquired on online and other media books, periodicals and newspapers in the US publishing industry in the five-year period (2010-2015)was conducted. The results indicatethat theproliferation of alternative types of publishing revenues in the US does not substitute (‘cannibalize’) for the evident decline of revenues incurred from the decrease in sales of printed books, periodicals and newspapers. Accumulated losses from printed items in the five-year period (2010 - 2015) are more than three times larger than the growth in the new sector.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Estrogens in consumer milk: is there a risk to human reproductive health?
Authors: Snoj Tomaž , Majdič Gregor
Published: November 2018

Possible effects of xenoestrogens on human health, in particular on male reproductive health, have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Cow's milk was suggested in numerous publications as one of possible sources of xenoestrogens that could affect human health. Although milk has undoubtedly many beneficial health effects and could even have a role in reducing incidence of some cancers, concerns were raised about presumably high levels of estrogens in cow's milk. In intensive farming, concentrations of estrogens in milk are higher due to long milking periods that today extend long into the pregnancy, when concentrations of estrogens in the cow's body rise. Numerous studies examined potential effects of milk on reproductive health and endocrine-related cancers in both experimental studies with laboratory animals, and in human epidemiological studies. In the present review article, we compiled a review of recently published literature about the content of estrogens in cow's milk and potential health effects, in particular on reproductive system, in humans. Although results of published studies are not unequivocal, it seems that there is stronger evidence suggesting that amounts of estrogens in cow's milk are too low to cause health effects in humans.
Neutrophil elastase-cleaved corticosteroid-binding globulin is absent in human plasma
Authors: Hill Lesley A , Vassiliadi Dimitra A , Dimopoulou Ioanna , Anderson Anna J , Boyle Luke D , Kilgour Alixe H M , Stimson Roland H , Machado Yoan , Overall Christopher M , Walker Brian R , Lewis John G , Hammond Geoffrey L
Published: November 2018

Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) transports glucocorticoids in blood and is a serine protease inhibitor family member. Human CBG has a reactive center loop (RCL) which, when cleaved by neutrophil elastase (NE), disrupts its steroid-binding activity. Measurements of CBG levels are typically based on steroid-binding capacity or immunoassays. Discrepancies in ELISAs using monoclonal antibodies that discriminate between intact vs RCL-cleaved CBG have been interpreted as evidence that CBG with a cleaved RCL and low affinity for cortisol exists in the circulation. We examined the biochemical properties of plasma CBG in samples with discordant ELISA measurements and sought to identify RCL-cleaved CBG in human blood samples. Plasma CBG-binding capacity and ELISA values were consistent in arterial and venous blood draining skeletal muscle, liver and brain, as well as from a tissue (adipose) expected to contain activated neutrophils in obese individuals. Moreover, RCL-cleaved CBG was undetectable in plasma from critically ill patients, irrespective of whether their ELISA measurements were concordant or discordant. We found no evidence of RCL-cleaved CBG in plasma using a heat-dependent polymerization assay, and CBG that resists immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal antibody designed to specifically recognize an intact RCL, bound steroids with a high affinity. In addition, mass spectrometry confirmed the absence of NE-cleaved CBG in plasma in which ELISA values were highly discordant. Human CBG with a NE-cleaved RCL and low affinity for steroids is absent in blood samples, and CBG ELISA discrepancies likely reflect structural differences that alter epitopes recognized by specific monoclonal antibodies.
Efectividad de los cuidados de enfermería centrados en el desarrollo en neonatos prematuros comparado con los cuidados estándar
Authors: Cordero Méndez Sara
Published: November 2018

Los neonatos prematuros hospitalizados tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir alteraciones en su neurodesarrollo, por lo cual es importante brindar un abordaje integral que disminuya estas repercusiones, especialmente desde la disciplina de enfermería, cuyos profesionales son responsables del cuidado integral de estos infantes. Los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo son una forma óptima de dar respuesta a estas necesidades, involucran cuidados de fácil aplicación que favorecen el neurodesarrollo a corto y largo plazo, disminuyen los costos en la atención con una menor estancia hospitalaria, además involucran y empoderan a los padres en el cuido de sus hijos. El objetivo de este protocolo es analizar la evidencia científica disponible respecto de la efectividad de los cuidados de enfermería centrados en el desarrollo comparado con los cuidados estándar para disminuir las complicaciones a largo plazo en neonatos prematuros hospitalizados. Se utilizó como metodología la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia, para ello inicialmente se planteó una pregunta clínica de tipo pronóstico y se planteó los objetivos acordes a esta, con base en los que se identificó un conjunto de descriptores a partir de los que se realizó la búsqueda de evidencia científica en diferentes bases de datos científicas.
Supresión de la lactancia materna exclusiva en menores de seis meses con alergia a la proteína de leche de vaca
Authors: Barrantes Rojas Marilyn , Ruiz Acuña Maricela
Published: November 2018

La alergia a la proteína de leche de vaca es considerada actualmente una epidemia dentro de la categoría de enfermedades no contagiosas, causa principal de alergia en menores de un año, cuya incidencia aumenta alrededor del mundo, por ello muchos de los niños diagnosticados son privados de una lactancia materna exclusiva a pesar de que sigue siendo protectora frente a los síntomas, razón por la cual es de vital importancia que los profesionales de la salud cuenten con la información más actualizada y disponible para continuar protegiendo y promoviendo la lactancia materna en estos niños de manera que se fortalezca su sistema inmunológico y se vigile la evolución del lactante sin poner en riesgo su adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo, así como la continuidad de la lactancia materna . El objetivo de esta revisión breve es analizar la evidencia científica disponible respecto de la supresión de la lactancia materna exclusiva en niños menores de seis meses con sospecha de alergia a la proteína de la leche de vaca como una estrategia para mejorar los síntomas. Se utilizó como metodología la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia: inicialmente se planteó una pregunta clínica de tipo pronóstico y objetivos acordes a esta, con base en los que se identificó un conjunto de descriptores a partir de los que se realizó la búsqueda de evidencia científica en diferentes bases de datos.
Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia: seguridad en el cuidado a la Niñez y Adolescencia
Authors: Barrientos Monge Rocio
Published: November 2018

Uno de los aspectos considerados en la Declaración de Objetivos de Salud del Milenio es la reducción de la mortalidad infantil1, en donde la atención de la Enfermería Pediátrica desempeña un papel fundamental, en tanto, el cuidado, se ajuste a la evidencia científica y a prácticas de reconocida eficacia. Desde el 2002, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) emitió una resolución en favor de la seguridad del paciente, promoviendo acciones que mejoren la calidad del cuidado de los pacientes en el mundo, especialmente en la reducción los eventos adversos de la atención que puedan causar dolor o incluso la muerte2. En el marco de esta iniciativa, en el año 2005, la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS), crea el “Programa Nacional de Promoción de la Seguridad del Paciente”. Dentro de los lineamientos se encuentra: las prácticas de salud basadas en la evidencia y como estrategia, el logro y cumplimiento de ese lineamiento, por lo que se propone incentivar el consenso sobre esas prácticas. Además, se incluye el mejoramiento de la atención cotidiana, refiriéndose a los cuidados de enfermería, cómo una práctica dirigida a eliminar o disminuir los eventos adversos de la atención de la salud3. Tomando en cuenta la premisa anterior, que sitúa la atención de enfermería en una posición relevante para la seguridad de las personas, es que debe respaldarse el cuidado mediante la Enfermería Basada en Evidencia (EBE), definida por Muhdall como4: “(...) el cuidado concerniente a la incorporación de la evidencia de la investigación, expertez clínica y la preferencia de los pacientes dentro de las decisiones sobre el cuidado de salud de los pacientes en forma individual”. La EBE es un requisito esencial en la práctica de la Enfermería Pediátrica, resulta ser una herramienta fundamental, para organizar, supervisar, evaluar y promover la calidad en los cuidados de la niñez, la población adolescente, sus familias y la comunidad. Con la finalidad de brindar una atención segura, oportuna, continua e intercultural. Permite, además, optimizar la gestión del cuidado, disminuyendo las posibilidades de cometer errores asociados a la práctica5. Por lo cual, recurrir a la mejor evidencia disponible que sustente nuestras acciones científicamente es una forma primordial y realizable que mejora los resultados del sistema de salud6, reto de la enfermería pediátrica costarricense. Esta edición de la Revista Enfermería Actual en Costa Rica es una iniciativa que busca difundir como la EBE aplicada a la población pediátrica y adolescente puede conducir a cambios sustanciales y positivos en el cuidado seguro de este grupo etario
Visita domiciliaria: un espacio para la adquisición y modificación de prácticas en salud
Authors: Guevara Francesa Giancarlo , Solís Cordero Katherine
Published: November 2018

La visita domiciliaria realizada por el asistente técnico de atención primaria en salud (ATAPS),  corresponde a la principal actividad fundamental de atención primaria desarrollada en Costa Rica, cuya principal labor es proporcionar información y recomendaciones sobre educación en salud a las personas usuarias. Respecto de lo anterior, el objetivo de esta investigación es determinar los conocimientos y la modificación en los estilos de vidas que las personas realizan posterior a la visita del ATAPS.  El diseño del estudio fue cualitativo, analítico y observacional. Para la recolección de los datos se aplicó entrevistas a profundidad a las personas usuarias visitadas  y se realizó un grupo focal con los ATAPS. Para el análisis de los datos, se estableció categorías de análisis desde la metodología de la teoría fundamentada. Se identificó que las personas usuarias refieren un mayor adquisición de conocimientos cuando se abordó temas como dengue, la vacunación, el lavado de manos, la citología vaginal y una alimentación saludable y un predominio significativo del ama de casa en  la participación de esta actividad, lo que al final limita la transmisibilidad de la información al resto de los integrantes. Con respecto a la modificación de prácticas, la mayoría de las personas expresan cambios en estilos de vida saludable y mayores facilidades para el acceso a los servicios de salud. Se concluye que es importante entender la visita domiciliaria como un medio de aproximación entre las familias y el sistema de salud, que favorezca el acceso a los servicios de salud, mientras se constituye en un instrumento que humaniza la atención de las necesidades.
A arte de pintar o ventre materno: história oral de enfermeiras e obstetrizes
Authors: Laia da Mata Júnia Aparecida , Kakuda Shimo Antonieta Keiko
Published: November 2018

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, descrever quando, como e por que a enfermeira e a obstetriz aplicam a pintura no ventre de gestantes. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, na qual foi adotado o método da história oral temática. Participaram sete profissionais de saúde que aplicam a pintura no ventre e atendem gestantes no Brasil. A coleta ocorreu por meio de entrevistas, realizadas entre os meses de janeiro e maio de 2016. Os dados foram analisados com base na análise temática de conteúdo, de Laurence Bardin. A partir dos discursos, elaborou-se uma árvore histórica da pintura no ventre e emergiram três categorias que elucidam quando, como e por que a enfermeira e a obstetriz aplicam esta arte. Conclui-se que a pintura no ventre tem sido adotada no cuidado pré-natal e dentro da maternidade como estratégia de educação em saúde e na promoção do bem-estar materno e familiar.
Percepción social de usuarias atendidas exclusivamente por enfermeras en la etapa perinatal
Authors: Gómez Torres Danelia , Télles Rojas Gabriela , Maris Peres Aida
Published: November 2018

El artículo muestra la atención exclusiva de enfermeras en una maternidad, cuyo objetivo fue analizar las representaciones sociales de las usuarias acerca de la atención brindada por las enfermeras obstetras en la institución. Es una investigación con enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo; direccionado por la teoría de las representaciones sociales de Moscovici. Se entrevistó a 34 mujeres atendidas en la maternidad. El análisis de datos se efectuó mediante marco interpretativo, seleccionando las ideas destacadas por medio de técnica cromática; en seguida, se discute los datos empíricos confrontados con la teoría. Las usuarias señalan que la atención recibida se inscribió en un marco de humanización, responsabilidad y confianza, lo cual posibilita la atención de un parto de acuerdo con sus costumbres  que, con base en la teoría, refleja autonomía profesional. Se concluye que el modelo de atención muestra que el cuidado de enfermería se basa en conocimientos, experiencia y valores que potencializan la práctica, desde la que se aprecia el cuidado humano, cálido y personalizado.
Uso de la amikacina como profilaxis en pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía
Authors: Quesada Mora Ana Guisell , Ramírez Campos Seidy , Brenes Campos Geovanna
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la mejor evidencia científica disponible sobre el uso de la amikacina como profilaxis en pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía. La indicación de amikacina en cirugías tipo prostatectomías se remite al uso profiláctico, razón por la cual surge la inquietud sobre el beneficio de la administración del medicamento en estos pacientes tomando en cuenta que, entre los efectos adversos, se evidencia nefrotoxicidad y ototoxicidad principalmente en personas adultas mayores o con problemas renales previos. Se utilizó la metodología de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia (PCBE), partiendo de una pregunta clínica para posteriormente hacer las búsquedas electrónicas en bases de datos como: MEDLINE, Google académico y Cochrane Library Plus.  Después de establecer los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y análisis crítico, se seleccionó cuatro documentos que se relacionan con la respuesta a la pregunta planteada. Los resultados para el análisis crítico fueron revisados minuciosamente a través de la plataforma informática FCL 2.0 con las plantillas correspondientes.  La evidencia señala que ningún estudio respondió directamente a la pregunta clínica planteada, las investigaciones analizadas no demuestran evidencia que confirme que el uso profiláctico de la amikacina sea beneficioso en pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente. Se concluye que no se encuentró evidencia significativa que respalde el uso profiláctico de la amikacina para disminuir las infecciones. La profilaxis se enfoca en administrar en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos urológicos como primera elección un antibiótico de menor espectro, ya que para administrar amikacina hay que cumplir con los lineamientos institucionales establecidos según la condición de cada usuario, tomando en cuenta los resultados de las pruebas de función renal pre y post administración.
Analyzing Absenteeism in Correlation to Student Achievement and Behavior
Authors: Sawyer Dr. Felicia
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors impacting student absenteeism.
ʻ...Finding a smoother pebble or prettier shell than ordinary’ – Non-utilitarian artefacts in the upper palaeolithic – A case study from Mogyorósbánya (Transdanubia, Hungary)
Authors: Markó András , Dulai Alfréd , Dobosi Viola
Published: November 2018

During the excavations of the Upper Palaeolithic site at Mogyorósbánya several non-utilitarian artefacts were found. Beside the earlier published piece of fossil resin (amber) and lumps of red ochre, more than one hundred Palaeogene and Neogene fossil molluscs, large foraminifers, corals and trace fossils from at least three different geological formations, as well as numerous fragments of phyllite were documented.

Pebbles of this soft shale were most probably collected from the alluvium of the Danube river. The majority of the pieces show clear traces of scraping and along the periphery of the largest artefact rhythmic incisions are visible. Even if this piece is not a ready-made object, it can be compared to the limestone and sandstone pebbles found on the Epigravettian site of Pilismarót-Pálrét. Another interesting artefact of unknown function is a carefully shaped but strongly fragmented piece with sharp edge.

Fossils of the Eocene Epoch were easily accessible in the region of Mogyorósbánya, while the nearest fossiliferous outcrops of the Oligocene and Pannonian sediments are found 15–17 km in south-eastern direction from the site.

Few gastropod shells show unambiguous traces of human modification. Typically, among the 16 Melanopsis fossils found in a single square meter only three pieces were manufactured. On the other hand, the majority of the Dentalium and worm tube fragments were cut and their surfaces show intense rounding and shine.

The not modified Nummulites, corals and large internal casts of gastropods were most probably collected by Prehistoric humans because of their unusual form. This interesting group of the Mogyorósbánya artefacts and are compared to the fossils published from the Pilisszántó I rockshelter and to the not modified fossils from Moravia and Romania.
Before the neolithization: Causes of mesolithic diversity in the Southern Balkans
Authors: Kaczanowska Małgorzata , Kozłowski Janusz K.
Published: November 2018

The Balkans, particularly southern and central, were sparsely populated in the Mesolithic and the occupation networks in that period were discontinous and highly diversified, contrasting with the density and homogeneity of the Early Neolithic. The aim of this paper is to describe the environmental conditions of the Mesolithic sites in relation to Early Holocene climatic fluctuations and to discuss the causes of specificity and diversity of culture and behaviour at this period.

Some general trends are observable in the adaptation to Early Holocene environments (trends in faunal exploitation; for ex. shift from high ranked large game to low ranked small animals) but also particular adaptations to local conditions (technological changes due to difficulties in access to better quality lithic raw materials, adaptations to coastal or to terrestrial resources reflecting the unique features of site use, etc).

The diversity of the Mesolithic is also reflected in cultural taxonomy: in some sequences continuity of the Balkan Epigravettian techno-morphological tradition can be seen as opposed, in other sequences, to highly isolated groups with technology and tool morphology adapted to local raw materials and specific activities. The Balkan Mesolithic was not completely cut-off from the Western Mediterranean techno-morphological influences (particularly in Southern Greece) and from the Anatolian lithic traditions (seen only in the Northern Aegean). A more intensive network of marine contacts is confirmed by obsidian circulation in the Aegean Basin.
Colonia dacica sarmizegetusa votive offerings. Hands for the Gods
Authors: Antal Adriana , Băeştean Gică
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this paper is to highlight some old discoveries from Colonia Dacia Sarmizegetusa (CDS), more precisely a terracotta arm and a few terracotta fingers which, most likely, could be associated with a ritual healing process in local temples. For a complete analysis, this paper approaches the topic of the anatomical votive terracotta phenomenon by examining the contextual relationship between all votive objects and the cult structures which may be connected to them. Even one of the objects under the study has an uncertain discovery context, most of them are connected to the temple of Aesculapius and Hygeia, all of them being anatomical offerings used as a symbol of the suppliant’s gratitude for divine healing. This may be the evidence of an organised medical practice within these sanctuaries, for the average person to get health, sanatio, the relative cost of anatomical votive terracotta was low compared to the consultant’s fee of a physician.
Ein solidus von Konstantin VII. und Romanos II. aus Marosújvár/Ocna Mureş (RO)
Authors: Prohászka Péter
Published: November 2018

A solidus of Constantine VII and Roman II from Marosújvár/Ocna Mures. The paper deals with a solidus of Constantine VII and Romanos II which was found in 1861 in Marosújvár (today Ocna Mureş, Romania). A drawing and a description of the finding circumstances was sent to Carl Torma, historian of antiquity by the engineer Franz Pošepny. From Transylvania only half a dozen Byzantine coins of the 9th–10th centuries are known. The majority of the Byzantine coins known from the Carpathian Basin belong to the reign of Constantine VII and Roman II, and were given to the Hungarians as a gift or subsidium. The author in his study gives an evaluation of it.
Early byzantine peacock brooches in the Southern Caucasus in the early medieval period
Authors: Mastykova Аnna Vladimirovna
Published: November 2018

This paper discusses Early Byzantine clasps in the form of peacock, which occurred in modern Abkhazia and Kartli. These brooches date from the sixth and seventh centuries and meet with parallels among synchronous mediaeval antiquities. Peacock brooches discovered in the Southern Caucasus were imported directly from Byzantium. These finds indicate connections of the population of the Southern Caucasus and the Byzantine Empire.