bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Integration of Aerial Sensing and Geophysical Techniques to Identify Buried Archaeological Properties in Sungai Batu, Bujang Valley
Authors: Roslan Shairatul Akma , Yakub Fitri , Rambat Shuib , Noor Norzailawati Mohd , Saidin Mokhtar
Published: August 2020

The paper investigates the different approaches in identifying the buried archaeological properties by using two different technology platforms which are aerial remote sensing and ground-based physical sensing; geophysical techniques. Aerial remote sensing has exhibited great potential for archaeological observation and detection, contrasting to geophysical measurement which it’s synonymous with geological investigation in Malaysia. On the other hand, by integrating these two platforms, it shows a high potential response depending on the technique apply. Two different perspectives of technology are examined, namely SPOT multispectral remote sensing satellite imagery and geophysical prospection called electric resistivity. In order to determine co-relationships of two variables; several Vegetation Index (satellite datasets) has been correlated to the resistivity (ground-based values) through regression analysis to show the strong connection between variables. The overall outcomes demonstrated that the data fusion technique and regression analysis applied towards multiple sensing datasets is useful to improve the accuracy (estimation) and minimize the error probability in identifying the buried archaeological remains. This research then will be expanded further to explore the capabilities of geophysical technique with another potential platform in identifying the buried archaeological remain in the Malaysian context.
Tree Stump Height Estimation Using Canopy Height Model at Tropical Forest in Ulu Jelai Forest Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Maizah Saad Siti Nor , Abdul Maulud Khairul Nizam , Mohd Jaafar Wan Shafrina Wan , Muhmad Kamarulzaman Aisyah Marliza , Omar Hamdan
Published: August 2020

Assessing tree biomass is essential for observing carbon stock and forest biodiversity which are an important indicator in climate change monitoring. The most accurate assessment involved ground data collection, including its data processing. In certain condition, it is extremely challenging, due to the difficulties of accessing dense forest and variation of terrain, tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, due to these limitations, remote sensing might become a better approach in measuring this information. The focus of this study is to estimate the tree stump height for biomass estimation after selective logging practices. In this study, we utilize remotely sensed canopy height model (CHM) derived from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to quantify tree stump height after felling logs at a local scale. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of utilizing UAV imagery to derive a canopy height model (CHM) for preparing parameters in assessing timber tree biomass. CHM is the reference surface to derive statistics that will be used to estimate the forest variables. Data was obtained through UAV which flown at the logging compartment in Ulu Jelai Forest Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia. The estimated stump height obtained from this technique was compared with a measured stump on the ground. Based on scatterplot regression, it showed a significant relationship with a strong coefficient, R2of 0.8368. At this stage of the study, the performance of the result was not assessed since it is an only preliminary result and the study only focused on producing CHM for stump height estimation using the UAV platform only.
A comparative study of modern UAV platform for topographic mapping
Authors: Chaudhry Muhammad Hamid , Ahmad Anuar , Gulzar Qudsia
Published: August 2020

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has emerged as latest and widely used surveying equipment worldwide for topographic mapping. There has been a growing increased in number and type of UAV platform for image capturing. This research aims at analysing the effects of UAV platform on image quality and further on its output products like orthomosaic, Digital Surface Model (DSM), Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and contours. For this study, part of the main campus area of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia has been selected, covering around 0.52 sq. km. Two different types of UAV surveying platforms used are eBee classic fixed wing (eBee) and DJI Phantom 4 Advanced (P4) multirotor quadcopter. Surveying through both the platforms conducted by flying both UAV’s on 300 meters height, with 75%, front and 75% side overlap. Both have almost identical camera parameters so as ground sampling distance (GSD). 8 ground control points (GCPs) for image processing and 15 checkpoints (CP) were used for accuracy assessment. Final processing is done by using Pix4D software. The results show that all the UAV output were successfully produced for both type of UAVs. In general, the output of P4 UAV is superior to eBee UAV. As conclusion, the P4 UAV is more practical to be employed for topographic map of small area coverage as shown in this study due to capability of producing accurate result, portable, low cost and offer other advantages.
Quantitative Morphometric Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Mandakini River Basin
Authors: Qadir Abdul , Yasir Mohammad , Abir Ismail Ahmad , Akhtar Naseem , San Lim Hwee
Published: August 2020

The current research in the State of Uttarakhand in Rudraprayag argued that the analysis of the morphometric drainage parameter is more appropriate than traditional approaches with a remotely sensed information and GIS-based approach. Various linear, aerial and relief aspects were considered to analyse study area morphometry and the digital elevation model (DEM) and catchment area slope map were created from 30 m resolution ASTER data. The drainage patterns were mainly dendritic to sub dendritic. The study area’s slope was divided into five ranging from 0° to 77°. The study area’s stream order ranged from 1st order to 7th order. The variation in the stream length ratio could be due to the disparity in slope and topographical conditions. Geometric characteristics in the region suggest that the area appeared to have an extended shape with an elongation ratio of 0.76 and less circulatory shape with a circulatory ratio of 0.47 suggests the varied homogenous geological and texture ratios preferred for its high texture ratio of 28.77 disfigured complex lithology. In topography and geographic growth, the range of the bifurcation ratio in the catchment area was between 3.84 and 5.30. The drainage level was medium at 2.34 km2. The drainage texture was 38.10 demonstrating the nature of lithology.
SmartKADASTER Interactive Portal (SKiP), is it fit for purpose?
Authors: Halim N Z A , Chan K L
Published: August 2020

The Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM) developed SmartKADASTER Interactive Portal or SKiP in order to provide a multipurpose cadastral survey information-based platform for accurate spatial analysis. Whether SKiP is viable for its purpose is still undetermined. Therefore, this paper highlights the methodology of assessing the usability of SKiP. A usability test was conducted by using the System Usability Scale or SUS. Fifty-nine participants from various public and private agencies, participated in the assessment and were categorised as Existing, New and Potential users, as well as Familiar and Not Familiar with the spatial analysis concept. The overall SUS score for SKiP is 69.8, which concludes that the usability of SKiP is fit for its purpose and can be perceived as marginal high for acceptance under the Acceptability Range. The SUS score was subsequently extracted to determine additional information on the Learnability and Usability components that resulted as 57.8 and 72.8, respectively. The SUS score implies that SKiP is an excellent platform for Usability and perceived good for Learnability, within the Adjective Ratings. Further analysis of the SUS scores suggests that regardless of which category the users were grouped, those who are familiar with the spatial analysis concept are likely to score higher. The correlation efficient supports the SUS score result as the Learnability components of SKiP requires further improvement. It was also found that the usability test participants are distinct as Passively Satisfied users. In line with the overall SUS and Nett Promoter Score (NPS) scores, additional mitigation and interventions are needed to convert SKiP Passively Satisfied users to Promoters and reduced Detractors. Recommendations from the study are highlighted in this paper to value-add SKiP in the next phase while the prominence on ease of doing the spatial analysis is emphasised.
Geospatial Technology Methods for Carbon Stock Assessment: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Dahy Basam , Issa Salem , Ksiksi Taoufik , Saleous Nazmi
Published: August 2020

Carbon stock estimation is becoming an important component for fighting against global warming. Assessment of biomass can give an idea of the amount of CO2 that can be removed from the atmosphere by forests and other plantations. Geo-Spatial technologies, including Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), offer the mean to enable rapid assessment of terrestrial biomass over large areas in a timely and cost-effective manner, allowing for the estimation of above and below ground biomass. Hence, the deployment of an integrating RS-GIS approach for precision carbon management is of high significance. This article provides a review of various RS and GIS techniques used in forest aboveground biomass mapping and monitoring as well as highpoints the associated challenges and opportunities. The review concluded that the use of RS and GIS in large-scale forest aboveground biomass assessment provides a sound alternative when compared to the use of conventional approaches. It was noted that the freely available moderate resolution optical sensors could be used reliably for estimating forest carbon stock. Furthermore, the integration of multi-sensor data in a GIS environment increased the accuracy of the estimation results. This study helps contributing to the topic in a way that it illustrates the growing developments using geospatial technologies by identifying most sensitive RS variables to measurable biophysical parameters. Furthermore, it demonstrates the usefulness of geospatial technologies for estimating terrestrial carbon sequestered. Finally, gaps, limitations and the need for further studies are underlined.
Measuring the Magnetic Impact of Economic Agglomeration for Industrial and Business Environment through Spatial Mapping.
Authors: Che’Man Noordini Binti , Bin Jamaluddin Amirul Afiq
Published: August 2020

Smart City concept is known for years and it always relate with the use of smart technologies as it could manage energy efficiently. However, what if there is a way in managing energy efficiently without fully relying on smart technologies which are quite expensive. If we look in a bigger context, a proper management of land use and spatial information could also change the amount of energy used and ensure the maximum allocation of resources efficiently. This research will examine the agglomeration of industrial and business environment within Pengerang District through GIS spatial analysis. Hot Spot analysis were used in giving a visual representation of agglomeration for a better understanding on what is happening in Pengerang District. Findings shows that industrial and businesses are clustering at Bandar Penawar and Pengerang. The industrial sector includes classes mainly of mining and quarrying, manufacturing, and warehouse industry. While analysis on business sector indicate higher number of wholesale and retail, services, and accommodation. The clustering pattern of all of the mentioned class were also identified.
A deep learning approach to ship detection using satellite imagery
Authors: Stofa Marzuraikah Mohd , Zulkifley Mohd Asyraf , Muhammad Zaki Siti Zulaikha
Published: August 2020

Automatic ship detection on remote sensing images is one of the important modules in the maritime surveillance system. Its main task is to detect possible pirate threats as early as possible. Thus, the detection system must be accurate enough as it plays a vital role in national security. Therefore, this paper proposes a deep learning approach to detect the presence of a ship in the harbour areas. DenseNet architecture has been selected as the core convolutional neural network-based classifier, where various finetuning has been done to find the optimal setup. The three hyperparameters that have been fine-tuned are optimizer selection, batch size, and learning rate. The experimental results show a success rate of over 99.75% when Adam optimizer is selected with a learning rate of 0.0001. The test was done on the Kaggle Ships dataset with 4,200 images. This algorithm can be further fine-tuned by considering other types of convolutional neural network architecture to increase detection accuracy.
Application of thermal imaging for plant disease detection
Authors: Hashim I C , Shariff A R M , Bejo S K , Muharam FM , Ahmad K , Hashim H
Published: August 2020

The effects of plant diseases on agricultural production worldwide contribute to significant economic and post-harvest losses. To maintain the sustainability of the farming sector, the early detection of plant and pathogens is essential. Non - destructive methods for tracking the health conditions of plants in real-time applications are among the most realistic and feasible in this regard. Owing to non - destructive methods and non - contact measuring devices, thermal imaging advancement has become an essential technique in all fields. Thermal imaging operates by emitting infrared irradiation in all materials. The method, therefore, uses radiation to create an image of the thermal distribution of the body surface. This approach is useful for all areas where the difference in temperature helps in the area/object analyses. Therefore, this paper briefly explores the potential for thermal imaging to be used to detect plant disease in the control area and the field.
Modelling Catchment Land Use Changes against Water Yield with Satellite Multi-Temporal Data
Authors: Baiya Babangida , Hashim Mazlan
Published: August 2020

Land-use changes are the main issue which affects the availability of water resources. Water supply is the leading ecosystem service, directly influence the sustainable development of the social economy and ecological systems. This study model the effects of land-use changes in respect of water yield, using Soil water assessment tools (SWAT) model in Sg. Layang catchment, Johor, Malaysia. Changes in Land-use for the period of 2000-2005, 2005-2010 and 2000-2010 obtained through post-classification comparison of Landsat 7 ETM+ data acquired in 2000, 2005 and 2010 using maximum likelihood classifier. The results indicate a rise in water yield, as a result of forest decline as well as an increase in agricultural activities and urbanization. The changes in the forest are found directly proportional to water yield (R2 > 0.85, p < 0.001). It is therefore concluded that the satellite multi-temporal land use changes within the catchment are paramount for monitoring the corresponding water yield in the area. These land use changes to water yield are crucial to assist authorities to create a balance between environmental protection and urban development for sustainable management of water resources.
Seismic vulnerability assessment for buildings typology using DEMATEL approach
Authors: Jena Ratiranjan , Pradhan Biswajeet
Published: August 2020

During the last two decades, the severity of high magnitude earthquakes rose to a vast extent. A large amount of damage due to such devastating events reflects poor construction planning. Before the 2004 event in Indonesia, we assume poor construction planning with indigent seismic resistance in the Northern Sumatra. However, this event affected the modern buildings in Aceh province. Therefore, authors have categories all the building types into a catalogue. The typologies considered are hierarchical, construction material, structural irregularities, structural system, building height, and maintenance quality. We applied the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to prepare the vulnerability map using the typology of the building. In addition, the results show that the prepared approach is effective and useful for seismic vulnerability assessment.
Determining variations in rail public transport access using GIS in Klang Valley City, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Syukri Mohd Sahrul , Mohd Safian Edie Ezwan , Burhan Burhaida
Published: August 2020

About 75% of urban areas in Malaysia have an excellent public transportation system. Malaysian Intelligent Transport System (MITS) Blueprint 2017 – 2022 is developed and mentioned public transport as the infrastructure for traffic management and the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) will change the global landscape of public transportation. The primary purpose of this paper is to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for identifying spatial accessibility to transport in Klang Valley, Selangor supported the movement of the walk-distance analysis techniques. A geospatial database was created that has the coordinate of urban public transport (railway mode), home residence distribution, and road networks. Accessibility index tool and geoprocessing by overlay analyses were selected because of the analysis tools for this paper. The paper results indicate that urban public transport in the Klang Valley districts of Selangor has fewer registered railway line stations. Several areas of Klang Valley region have low accessibility based on z-score either dispersion or clustering pattern to public transport because they fall outside the space-distance service area for every terminal. Local transport planners in Klang Valley may use the created application to allocate public transport in low access areas.
Land Cover and NDBI analysis to map built up area in Iskandar Malaysia
Authors: Yasin Muhammad Yazrin , Abdullah Jamalunlaili , Noor Norzailawati Mohd , Yusoff Mariney Mohd
Published: August 2020

The growth of Iskandar Malaysia as a regional development corridor is inescapable large and rapid. The study area has been transformed from predominantly agricultural and forest land prior to 1990s into the second largest and third most urbanized area in peninsular Malaysia. The aim of this paper is to map Iskandar land cover change from 1991 to 2019 using sequential Landsat multi-spectral images with Normalized Difference Building Index (NDBI) analysis to assess spatio-temporal urban built up and its pattern. Accuracy assessment of kappa coefficient is used to measure the accuracy of classification. Research has proved a significant rapid land cover change and a vast transformation of agricultural and forest land into low density urbanized area scattered in Iskandar. A rapid land cover change of regional development corridor has significant influence on urban expansion especially to their periphery.
Development of an Android Application for Smart Farming in Crop Management
Authors: Athirah R N , Norasma C Y N , Ismail M R
Published: August 2020

Agriculture technologies have shown potential to improve agriculture management. This awareness has attracted researchers to develop technologies for farmers to ease their daily routine and also to reduce cost of labor and increase the yield production. Smartphone is one of the gadgets that can be useful in agriculture because of its useful functions, portability and affordable. It helps users to find locations, access information and capture images and sound. Smartphone functions can be combined to build versatile mobile agriculture applications. These helps to deliver information about crops and management needs. This paper develops an Android application for smart farming in crop management known as Padi2U. Padi2U is a mobile application developed to help farmers in their paddy field management. The application is developed using Master App Builder, a software that is used to create mobile applications. This application contains information about PadiU Putra paddy variety, agriculture agency, sites information, planting schedule, drone images, paddy disease, pest, weed, weather forecast, yield information and farmer report. All information is described in the native language of the farmers that is the Malay language. Final results of this project is the mobile application which will is useful to manage crops and improve the management. The same method can be applied to different crops in the future.
Earthquake Risk Assessment Using Integrated Influence Diagram–AHP Approach
Authors: Jena Ratiranjan , Pradhan Biswajeet
Published: August 2020

Indonesia is located at the joint situation of four major world tectonic plates in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Mostly, the coastal regions of Indonesia are highly prone to several natural hazards, such as tsunamis, earthquakes, and volcanic activity. The major earthquake incident in the country was the 2004 earthquake in Aceh, whereas a major volcanic eruption was the Mount Merapi volcanic eruption in 2010. With the present advancement of knowledge regarding the existing hazards, we acknowledge the importance of vulnerability and risk in monitoring and mitigating earthquake hazards. However, to date, a specific effort is unavailable for assessing the risk of earthquake hazards that will cover the city-level in Indonesia. Moreover, a comprehensive profile for risk assessment has yet to be created for small-scale urban areas. Few studies have been organized in Indonesia on city-scale risk assessment. Therefore, we attempt to fill this gap by calculating the risk percentage of Banda Aceh City by determining its conditioning factors and analyzing its variations spatially. We used an influence diagram approach and considered all the factors that affect the risk in Banda Aceh. Results show that only the central parts and some parts in the surrounding areas are under high risk compared with other locations. We validated the results using inventory earthquake events and the results of previously published articles.
The Impact of Microrelief Forms on Mobility of Terrain Vehicles
Authors: Rybansky M , Dohnal F , Rada J
Published: August 2020

When deploying off-road vehicles in military and rescue operations, it is necessary to analyse the characteristics of the terrain, its segmentation and obstacles, that can significantly eliminate the movement of this technique. The mobility of off-road vehicles depends on many factors such as terrain relief, soil, vegetation, water, road network, settlement unit structure, meteorological conditions, etc. The goal of this paper is to identify the critical micro-relief forms in the selected test area, which can be important for the transportation analyses and cartographic visualization, especially for the military and rescue operations management during the crisis situations and natural disasters such as floods, fires, storms, military operations, etc. Both of the relief parameters and technical vehicles parameters were considered for the cross-country movement analysis to predict the GO, SLOW GO and NO GO areas as a part of crisis management support.
Landslide Possibilities using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS)
Authors: Yaa’cob Norsuzila , Abd Rashid Zarith Nur Atikah , Tajudin Noraisyah , Kassim Murizah
Published: August 2020

There are a lot of landslides occur in Malaysia and one of the landslide prone areas in Malaysia is Ulu Kelang. Integration of satellite remote sensing data which is called ArcGIS software is one of the applicable software to detect the landslide mapping and identification of high landslide risk in a certain area. Since 1993, several landslides have been reported in Ulu Kelang, Malaysia. These landslides would cause the property damaged and economic losses. The landslides cause which are geological covering the aspect such as rainfall, hilly areas, highland areas, morphological, physical and human causes. These are the major role in inducing the landslides in the study area. The objective of this research is to analyse and validate the data of the soil moisture index (SMI), temperature index (LST) and water index (NDWI) from the remote sensing Landsat Images with the electronic tool devices. There are two methods for this research paper which are by using a remote sensing and a ground-based measurement. The remote sensing software is ArcGIS. The U.S Geological Survey, USGS in coordination with NASA operates and distributes data from Landsat satellites and provides access to the space-based land remote sensing data. The ground-based measurement method, the electronic tool devices are called as LCD Soil Tester Meter and Digital Temperature Humidity Time Display. These devices are to detect the moisture of the soil, calculate the surrounding’s temperature & humidity. Also, the rainfall data has been taken for supporting the water index information. The results of the three specified parameters; soil moisture, temperature and water index; SMI, LST and NDWI shown the more moisture of the soil, the more the tendency of the landslides to occur. This research founds out that the lower the temperature, the higher possibilities on occurrences of the landslides. While, the NDWI results are depends on the data rainfall. The higher the distribution of the rainfall leads the higher possibilities on the landslide’s occurrences.
The Development of Raspi-Met System with Raspberry Pi3 for Meteorological Monitoring in Remote Areas
Authors: Suparta Wayan
Published: August 2020

The development of autonomous weather station systems using Raspberry Pi3 as a new alternative, named as ‘Raspi-Met’ to enhance conventional meteorological systems is reported in this paper. Today, a weather station with a compact size is required due to limited space and cost involved. Thus, this paper aims to design an application system using Raspberry Pi3 which is connected to Vaisala PTU300 sensors as Automatic Weather Station (AWS). The Python language under LINUX has been employed to design a graphical user interface (GUI) for a real-time monitoring system, acquisition process, and displaying three meteorological parameters at desired intervals. Data storage management and daily file in a text (*.txt) format have been created to archive historical data. The RTC module has also been developed and connected to Raspberry Pi3 to synchronize and maintain the time and date of the measurement system after the power is on. The system was installed at Carlini Base, Antarctica and has the ability to measure the surface pressure (P), temperature (T), and relative humidity (H). The results have been tested and validated that the system is capable as an AWS in the Antarctic Peninsula. The development of Raspi-Met system exhibits remarkable measurements of meteorological parameters for remote areas and the database organization becomes more efficient and practical.
Performance of Different Classifiers for Marine Habitat Mapping using Side Scan Sonar and Object-Based Image Analysis
Authors: Rusmadi Raihanah , Hasan Rozaimi Che
Published: August 2020

Acoustic sonar techniques have been one of the successful underwater mapping alternatives for identifying the seafloor features. The integration between the technique and classification analysis can produce detail map of the seafloor. Among these sonar technologies, side-scan sonar (SSS) is one of the tools for underwater mapping that can provide high spatial resolution seafloor mosaic which is presented in greyscale level. However, before it can be used for the coral reef marine habitat mapping, it is essential to properly assess its performance and quantify the amount of information that can be extracted. The objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of habitat maps derived using side scan sonar data, Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA) and five different classifier algorithms; Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN), Decision Tree, and Bayes. This study utilized side-scan sonar model Klein system 3000 which operated at 100kHz combined with video data that was conducted in shallow water (depth > 10m). First, eight (8) texture layers were derived from side scan sonar mosaic using GLCM technique. Then, the GLCM layers of texture features were reduced using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and analysed to seek for the most contributed texture layers. A total of 80 samples were derived which consist of four (4) classes; coral, sand, silt and mud. The result shows that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method produced the highest accuracy which is 81.25% followed by k-Nearest Neighbours (k-NN), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree and Bayes (68.75%, 66.25%, 57.5% and 45% respectively). The used of OBIA with SSS data offers a promising method to map marine habitats for a better understanding of spatial distribution and monitoring habitat changes in the future.
Identifying Tall Trees in Man-Made Tropical Rain Forest using Airborne LiDAR Point-Cloud
Authors: Yaakub Siti Yasmin , Misman Muhamad Afizzul , Omar Hamdan
Published: August 2020

Shorea glauca or locally known as Balau Laut has been listed in Malaysia Book of Records in 2016 as the tallest tree ever planted with height of 72.4 meter. The tree was found in FRIM Selangor Forest Park (FRIM-SFP) tropical rain forest. In addition, there are other tall trees found within FRIM-SFP. However, tall trees are always exposed to lightning strikes that eventually damage and may lead to mortality of the trees. Therefore, it is important to identify these tall trees for conservation purposes. Conventional approach which is ground survey requires a lot of man power and time consuming due to wide forest area. The topographic condition also could hinder the survey. This study used canopy height model (CHM) and incorporate it with 3-dimensional structure of LiDAR point-cloud to improve individual tree detection. The location of tall trees were mapped. The finding showed that most of the tall trees are clustered in eight spots and a few found isolated from other tall trees. The CHM were then overlaid with soil map and Digital Terrain Model (DTM). The result showed that the first two tall trees and 36 trees of 60-65m height class are grown in Tai Tak soil series in hilly area with slope 16-25°.
Slope Effect on The Vertical Accuracy of Spatial Information Using Multi Rotor UAV
Authors: Talib Noorfatekah , Subri Amir Ariff , Haron Narashid Rohayu , Pa’suya Muhammad Faiz , Anshah Siti Aminah
Published: August 2020

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) recently has been proved to be used for slope mapping studies. Slope map can be created by gathering spatial information including elevations and surface features of the surrounding terrain. Spatial information on a slope is important to enhance the efficiency of slope modeling. Thus, the spatial information must be very accurate and reliable. This study aims to determine the effect of a slope on the vertical accuracy of spatial information acquired by using multi-rotor UAV. The objectives are to investigate the effect of slope elevation and to identify the effect of slope steepness on the vertical accuracy of spatial information acquired using multi-rotor UAV. Terrain Model (DTM), Contour Map, Triangular Irregular Network (TIN), and Slope Map is produced for analysis purpose. It was found that the vertical accuracy of spatial information increase when the elevation of slope and steepness of slope decrease. In conclusion, slope elevation and slope steepness do have an influence on the vertical accuracy of spatial information captured by UAV.
Rapid And Non-Destructive Evaluation On Cacao Pigments, Flavonoids And Nitrogen Contents During Pod Development And Maturity Using A Fluorescence Sensor
Authors: Tee Y K , Balasundram S K , Shariff A R M , Ding P
Published: August 2020

The detection of pigments in cacao pods together with colourless flavonoids serves as a useful indicator for pod maturity using a fast and non-destructive multiparametric fluorescence sensor. In this study, the contents of anthocyanin, flavonol, chlorophyll and nitrogen balance were determined monthly (1-5 months) after flower fertilization as pod developed and matured using a fluorescence-based portable sensor on cacao pods from five different clones of DESA1, KKM22, KKM25, MCBC1 and PBC221. There were significant differences (P≤0.05) observed between the interaction of five different cacao clones and pod development periods in flavonol, chlorophyll and nitrogen balance contents. As pods developed, anthocyanin and flavonol accumulated while the content of chlorophyll decreased only when pod matured with nitrogen balance showed a decreasing trend in cacao pods. Among these clones, as expected, natural red appearance in cacao pods of DESA1 showed significantly highest index of anthocyanin (0.637), following by KKM22 (0.255). In addition, there was no significant difference observed in KKM25, MCBC1 and PBC221 for anthocyanin content. During pod development, MCBC1 showed the least content in flavonol (P≤0.05) and the chlorophyll contents in KKM22 and MCBC1 were lower compared to other clones. As a conclusion, non-destructive fluorescence-based indices can be used to measure the pigments and flavonoids in cacao which can provide valuable non-destructive indicators for cacao pod maturity across different cacao cultivars.
Institutional and transport conditions for the development of agricultural exports from the Far East region
Authors: Antonova N E , Bardal A B
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of the state regulation and transport support on the export of agricultural products in the Far East Federal District of Russia. The study identified the two main positive effects the territories of advanced socio-economic development made on the development of the industry: 1) large businesses invested in the crop and livestock sectors, 2) the number of investments in agricultural projects increased. The article also discussed the growing role of China as the Russian Far East trade partner and investor, and the influence of the transportation factor on the growth of the Federal District’s agricultural export potential. The development of the transport infrastructure stimulates the export of agricultural products from the Far East.
Comparison of productivity indicators for the Far Eastern selection of soybean varieties under adverse climatic conditions with different planting dates
Authors: Fedorova T N , Dubrovin K N , Selezneva N A
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the productivity indicators of soybean varieties of the Far Eastern selection and the climatic conditions of the Russian Far East. We studied the yield, protein content, 1000 seed weight, and the number of beans and seeds per plant, according to the planting date of two varieties: «Batya» and «Khabarovskiy Jubilyar». The duration of the growing season, the sum of temperatures, the amount of precipitation, as well as the Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient were considered as characteristics of the growing season. The period in which the experiment was conducted was unfavorable for the growth and development of soybeans compared with long-term average values. The number of beans per plant, the number of seeds per plant and the yield of «Khabarovskiy Jubilyar» were higher than the corresponding values for «Batya» (the yield of «Khabarovskiy Jubilyar» was 0.8 t/ha higher than «Batya»). Hydrothermal conditions limited the realization of the potential productivity of «Batya», restricting it to 45% of the potential yield. For «Khabarovskiy Jubilyar», this figure was 87%. The relationship between productivity and the length of growth period, as well as hydrothermal characteristics, was established.
Practical aspects of the selection of parental forms in the distant soybean hybridization
Authors: Fokina E M , Kalitskaya N G
Published: August 2020

The article presents the results of research of the genetic collections of cultivated (KF, KB) and wild (KD) soybean of the gene pool of the All-Russian SRI of Soybean. The experimental part of the work was carried out in the laboratory of soybean breeding and genetics of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean” (FSBSI ARSRI) of Soybean in the period from 2016 to 2019. Field experiments were laid on the plots of selective crop rotation (Sadovoe village, Tambov district, Amur region) on meadow chernozem soil. The goal of research was to evaluate the source material of wild forms and cultural samples of soybean according to economically valuable traits and photosynthetic activity for selection of high-yielding varieties adapted to local growing conditions. As a result of research, genetic sources of various economically valuable traits were identified from the collection of wild soybean. According to a number of characteristics, soybean varieties were selected from the collections of cultivated soybean KB and KF: Kitrossa, Intriga, Nevesta, Hedi, Tundra with a growing season of 111…116 days and a yield of 3.11…3.37 t/ha, exceeding the standard Dauriya by 0.26…0.52 t/ha. The indicators of photosynthetic process intensity in plant leaves was determined in samples isolated by a complex of economically valuable traits from the collection of wild soybean: KBel-50, KA-1396, KM-695, KM-705, KT-156 (St) and from the best varieties of KB and KF collections. The analysis of the conducted studies made it possible to identify the most promising varieties and forms of wild soybean with the optimal level of activity of photosynthetic processes, which, along with sources of economically valuable traits from the collections of KD, KF, and KB, were included in crossbreeding in 2018-2019.
Biologically active substances of plant components for the enrichment of dairy products
Authors: Babukhadia K R , Ermolaev A O , Podtoptannyi V C
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the possibility of using arabinogalactan and powder from pumpkin pulp as enriching plant components of the curd mass. To this end, the technological properties of the food additive arabinogalactan (Lavitol-arabinogalactan), the properties of the vegetable additive in the form of powder from pumpkin pulp as a functional component, the aspects of their influence on the qualitative characteristics of the curd mass, the optimal dosage of the enriching ingredients in the curd recipe were studied. The combination of raw components adopted according to the research results allows to obtain curd mass enriched with vegetable micronutrients and expand the assortment line of curd products with a functional load.
Agricultural sector of the Khabarovsk Territory: status, problems and development prospects
Authors: Kim L V , Nazarova A A , Vdovenko V A
Published: August 2020

Article analyzes agricultural sector of the Khabarovsk Territory for the period of 1990-2019. The production of crop and livestock was analyzed by category of enterprises, as well as land use in the agricultural sector of the region. As a result of the research, the main directions for the stabilization and development of agricultural production in the Khabarovsk Territory have been developed to meet needs of the population in milk, egg, fresh meat, and locally produced vegetables. An increasing role of farms in the production of livestock products is expected due to a decrease of households’ contribution.
Processing data from Russian meteorological satellites to solve agricultural problems
Authors: Kuchma M O , Bloshchinskiy V D , Andreev A I , Kholodov E I
Published: August 2020

This paper describes the procedures for preliminary and thematic processing of satellite data in the Far-Eastern Center of State Research Center for Space Hydrometeorology «Planeta» for their use in agricultural tasks. A brief description of cross-calibration procedures for the MSU-MR («Meteor-M» No. 2) and MSU-GS («Electro-L» No. 2) instruments and atmospheric correction for the MSU-MR instrument is given. The importance of these procedures for obtaining thematic products, such as maps of cloud and snow cover, as well as vegetation indices, which are actively used in the analysis and problem-solving for agricultural tasks, is indicated. Far-Eastern Center of State Research Center for Space Hydrometeorology «Planeta» plans to further develop the procedures for preliminary and thematic processing of information from Russian satellite instruments of low and medium resolution, which would increase the potential for the use of satellite data for agriculture.
A comprehensive assessment of tomato collection varieties by yield and parameters of adaptability in monsoon climate conditions
Authors: Kuzmitskaya G A , Kuliakina N V
Published: August 2020

Tomatoes are one of the most common vegetable crops in the Khabarovsk territory. This article presents the results of an agrobiological study of tomato collection varieties taken from the Vavilov Institute’s collection of crop production genetic resources of various ecological and geographical origin. The research identified varieties of the intensive type that can provide a maximum yield at a high level of agricultural technology: Denmark, Skorospelka, Chico Grande, Vitaminnyi, Vezha, Slava Moldova and Novoseletsky. It also identified the most valuable varieties for practical breeding: Skorospelka, Dokuchaevsky, Dragotsennost’, Vitaminnyi from Russia, Vezha from Belarus, Novoseletsky from Ukraina, Denmark and Chico Grande from USA, which combine high indicators of marketable productivity and high adaptability to the conditions of the monsoon climate of the Middle Amur region.
Reindeer breeding in the Chukchi Autonomous District and the basic directions of its stabilization
Authors: Bryzgalov G Ya , Kuzmin A M , Kudrjavcev A V
Published: August 2020

The characteristic of the condition of northern reindeer breeding in the eastern sector of the Arctic, the number of deers on farms, around administrative and geographical areas of the territory is given. The factors which affect the economic efficiency of the industry, production, the main reasons for the unproductive waste of deers are noted. In modern conditions, reindeer husbandry performs a number of important economic and social functions. There are three different points of view on the development of reindeer husbandry. In the first economic aspect, reindeer husbandry is considered as a commodity business in the northern economy. In the second aspect, reindeer husbandry is considered as an ethno-saving industry, the way of life associated with the traditional economic activities of the native population of the North, which provides its employment. The third approach means the ethnocultural development of reindeer husbandry, which creates opportunities for the tourism business development - ethnocultural tourism. The main directions of improving the productive and social infrastructure of the industry, ways of innovative development, and solving the personnel problem are proposed.
Determination of indicators affecting the cross-country capacity of machine-tractor units
Authors: Sennikov V A , Lontseva I A , Soboleva H V
Published: August 2020

This study provides an assessment of the traction-coupling qualities of the machine-tractor unit consisting of the Belarus 1221 tractor and the Unia MX1600 mineral fertilizer dispenser. The quantitative evaluation is carried out through the cross-country coefficient. The characteristic of cross-country capacity with different soil conditions on the horizontal section is shown, and it is established that during operation on feeding along seedlings the machine has a sufficient cross-country capacity. At operation on rough relief the passability at speeds up to 8 m/s decreases by 25%. The cross-country ratio depends on the internal tyre pressure. With a drop in pressure from 1.8 to 0.8 kg/cm2, there is an increase in cross-country capacity on any kind of soil. In general, it has been found that the machine-tractor unit has a sufficient reserve of cross-country capacity.
Role of soil liming in increasing crop yields in crop rotation
Authors: Sinegovskaya V T , Banetskaya E V , Boiarskii B S , Sinegovskii M O , Nikulchev K A
Published: August 2020

These studies were conducted on the effects of new converter slag fertilizer (complex mineral fertilizer, limestone, soil ameliorant) for land reclamation, provided by the Japanese agricultural chemical manufacturer, containing 37.3% of CaO and 18.0% of MgO, on two types of soil in the Amur Region (Russia). About 85% of arable land has a high acidity (pHKCl ≤ 5.5) in the region. Therefore, the need for the use of land reclamation in the region is high. Studies aimed to establish the effect of various doses of the slag fertilizer on the change in the acidity of brown forest and meadow chernozem-like (Amur prairie) soils, as well as increase the yield of soybean and wheat in crop rotation. The experimental scheme was tested in doses of the limestone from 1 to 4 t/ha on the background of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer. The application of studied mineral fertilizer ensured a decrease in soil acidity by 0.05-0.30 (pHKCl) units by increasing of exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in soil exchange complex. The result was an increase in soybean yield by 0.18-0.45 t/ha and an increase in seed quality. Based on the results, fertilizer was recommended in doses of 2 to 4 t/ha, depending on the type of soil.
Modelling soybean yield for the early prediction in the Russian Far East using remote sensing data
Authors: Stepanov A S , Dubrovin K N
Published: August 2020

The paper presents an assessment of the model for predicting soybean yield at the level of municipalities in the Far East for the Oktyabrskiy and Leninskiy districts of the Jewish Autonomous Region, as well as the Khabarovsk and Vyazemskiy districts of Khabarovsk Territory. The share of soybean in the total arable land structure of these municipalities in 2018 ranged from 58% to 97%. According to 2010–2018 data, regression models were constructed for each region. The model used statistical data on district soybean yield, as well as data from remote sensing of the Earth. The values of the maximum NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of arable land and the growing duration at the week that reached maximum NDVI were used as independent variables in the regression model. We used weekly NDVI composites obtained for delineated arable lands through the Vega-Science system. According to long-term observations, it was found that in the study area the maximum NDVI was reached in weeks 30–33 (end of July to mid-August). The RMSE for different regions ranged from 0.06 to 0.15 t/ha, and the MAPE did not exceed 10%. The developed model can be used for predicting soybean yield and planning export operations by farms and territorial authorities.
Rowan species Sorbus amurensis Koehne as a prospective source of plant raw materials for the pharmaceutical and food industries
Authors: Stepanova T A , Matyushchenko N V
Published: August 2020

Rowan fruit is widely used in Russia as a stock for pharmaceutical and food industries. The only officinal species which fruits are harvested for pharmaceuticals is Sorbus aucuparia L. In the Far East it is substituted by the vicarious species of rowan Sorbus amurensis Koehne. The paper presents data on discriminating the fruits of both species of rowan based on macroscopic and microscopic identification, and on the content of biologically active compounds. The studies have proved no fundamental difference between the species. It was shown that there is no significant difference in the average values of ascorbic acid, organic acids and oxidizable substances in representative fruits samples of both rowans. The average content of flavonoids and hydroxycoric acids is reliably higher in the fruits of S. amurensis Koehne, although incidentally. It is shown that S. amurensis Koehne is not inferior to S. aucuparia
L.in its main characteristics and can be considered a promising species to be used in the pharmaceutical and food industries along with the officinal species of rowan.