bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the ecological features of leaf ionome of some arboreal Rosaceae in Samara region conditions
Authors: Kavelenova Lyudmila , Prokhorova Natalya , Viskov Ilya , Yankov Nikolay
Published: August 2023

Trees and shrubs of Rosaceae family possess a significant resource potential for the Samara region ecosystems. The quantitative study of elemental composition was carried out by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) for leaves of 8 introduced and 3 native Rosaceae species. The features of five elements (K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn) levels are shown for them in comparison with the same parameters of two “reference plants” from different geographic locations. A very high Fe content and moderately high Mn and Zn contents were noted for leaves of all studied species. The detected high Ca concentration may be the result of plants development in soil environment with a naturally high Ca content. The revealed differences characterize the regional features of the leaf ionome, that reflecting the specifics of introduces plant species adaptation to new conditions and local species biogeochemical features.
Selection and identification of thermophilic yeast strains in leachate from the organic waste heap in Phu Luong district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam
Authors: Thi Hong Phuong Dang , Do Thi Tuyen
Published: August 2023

The study was carried out to isolate and select useful thermophilic yeast strains in the process of organic domestic waste treatment in Phu Luong - Thai Nguyen. Research results from 23 samples of rust have isolated 10 strains of yeast on YPG medium at 40 oC. Among them, 6 strains of yeast were selected with the ability to grow and develop in a wide temperature range from 20-45 oC. The results of identification combined with morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of yeast strains showed that, out of 6 selected strains, there were 3 strains belonging to the genus Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces sp. TNY13.01, Saccharomyces sp. TNY22.01), Saccharomyces cerevisiae TNY13.09), 2 strains of the genus Candida (Candida sp. TNY23.01, Candida tropicalis TNY23.126) and 1 strain of the genus Papiliotrema (Papiliotrema laurentii TNY23.127). Among them, the identified strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae TNY13.09 has the ability to grow at 45, tolerates a wide pH range of 4.0– 8.5, has a positive catalase reaction, is capable of using a variety of carbon sources, and belongs to class I biosafety group. On that basis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae TNY13.09 has the potential to be further researched and applied as additional microbial inoculants to the organic waste heap.
Environmental Protection Areas as a Strategy to Increase Flood Protection in Metropolitan Regions: A Case Study in Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Vitória Ribeiro Gomes Maria , Figueiredo Ferreira Giulia , Ferreira de Araújo Daniele , Rinaldi de Mattos Rodrigo , Pires Veról Aline , Canedo de Magalhães Paulo , Moura Rezende Osvaldo , Gomes Miguez Marcelo
Published: August 2023

In peripheral countries, the lack of adequate urban planning associated with natural dynamics intensifies the existing vulnerabilities of the environment, causing physical and material losses. Therefore, this research aims to discuss the potential use of Environmental Protection Areas as a tool to drive urban growth with a low-impact development, helping to mitigate urban floods and bringing nature into the city landscape. The municipality of Maricá, located in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is taken as a case study. The method proposed to drive the regional environmental planning and management can be described as a three-stage method coupled with the adapted SWOT Matrix, following: the diagnosis, the prognosis, and the action plan. This process points to the definition of a Hydrological Interest Area that would allow not only the restoration of local vegetation and a better interaction of the population with the watercourses, but also the recovery of areas that have been gradually impacted by the urban expansion. The method presented in this research allows its application in different urban contexts, once it has the objective of recognizing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to allow the elaboration of sustainable actions and guidelines.
Assessment of palynological spectrum of air in Kazan
Authors: Vagapov Bulat , Ibragimova Kadriya , Arhipova Natalya
Published: August 2023

This article presents the results of a palynological air monitoring study in Kazan during the period of plant dusting from 2019 to 2022. The aeropalynological spectrum was assessed using a Lanzoni pollen trap. The data obtained during the monitoring demonstrates a rich spore-pollen composition in the air. Twenty-five different plant taxa, as well as two fungal taxa, were identified.BetulaandPoaceaehave been identified as dominant taxa. The variability in pollen concentrations confirms the need for timely information for the pollen-sensitive population.
Investigating the effectiveness of clothes recovery programs in promoting a circular economy: A review
Authors: Lawrence Jassica , Bettinetti Roberta , Torretta Vincenzo , Cristina Rada Elena
Published: August 2023

Textile plays a crucial role in a circular economy and its traditional use needs to be replaced with sustainable ways. A circular economy gives repurpose and value to a resource in a continuous loop to be useful to its maximum extent at the end of stage life. Also, with the increase in population, consumption of resources, inflation, and environmental impacts are aggravated. Therefore, a literature review in this scenario which represents the solutions and the scope to incorporate circular economy with the clothes recovery is useful. The highlight of the review includes external hindrances such as consumer preferences, garment styles, and the need to involve indigenous productions in the regulations of the circular economy. In Swiss fashion firms, it’s harder to set circular economy principles as compared to Italy. Further, rich fashion brands do not generally favour the idea of a circular economy. However, a few young businesses, despite the complexities of each stage, are inclined more towards a circular economy. The overview of the current review gives various ideas, limitations, and the future perspective for the application of circular economy integrated with textile. Also, it gives an opportunity to assess and compare the circular economy hindrances and scope among different countries.
Mapping the intersections of sustainability, circular economy, and consumer behavior: A bibliometric review on food waste
Authors: Baybars Miray , Demircan Keskin Fatma , Kazançoğlu İpek , Kazançoğlu Yiğit
Published: August 2023

The topic of food waste, which is considered to be an important focus within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations (UN), has created a wide academic research area as well as guiding the policies implemented on this issue. Many researchers closely interested in the topic have produced academic studies that address food waste from various perspectives. Food waste at the consumer level is an important issue in terms of protecting the natural environment and using resources efficiently, considering future generations. This study aims to evaluate academic studies in this field and figure out the recent trends. The method utilized for this aim is selected to be bibliometric analysis. The results of the study, clarifying the trend topics, relevant authors, countries, sources, motor, niche and emerging themes regarding the field are expected to be useful for policymakers, practitioners, and consumers.
Qualimetric approaches to assessing sustainable development indicators
Authors: Hrinchenko Hanna , Trishch Roman , Mykolaiko Volodymyr , Kovtun Oksana
Published: August 2023

The study discusses approaches to assessing the quality of sustainable development indicators and analyses sustainable development indicators in general, for which the desirability function and the approach of translating sustainable development indicators into a dimensionless scale are used. This approach makes it possible to analyse the processes of achieving the sustainable development goals and relevant tasks on the basis of statistical data, as well as to compare indicators with different characteristics. For the purpose of qualimetric assessment, the article proposes to divide the indicators of sustainable development into four groups characterized by the following parameters: the lowest value is the best, the highest value is the best, the average value is the best, and the values that simultaneously tend to the lowest and the highest. It is proposed to evaluate sustainable development indicators in accordance with the group, taking into account the significance of the indicator, for which the form parameter and the evaluation step are selected by the expert evaluation method. For example, several sustainable development indicators for different groups are presented, and calculations are made to determine the dimensionless indicator, taking into account its significance according to the opinion of experts. As a result, we obtained dimensionless values for each of the sustainable development indicators (FQ = 0.92, 0.98, 0.86, 0.28, and 0.54), which characterize the achievement of sustainable development goals and allow us to assess progress in both a prospective and retrospective context.
Environmental and social responsibility management in international entrepreneurship in EU countries
Authors: Sribna Yevheniia , Shmatko Nataliia , Kustrich Liliya , Parhomenko Lyudmila , Neboha Tetiana , Lytvynenko Alina , Lytvynenko Elena
Published: August 2023

The research developed a specific mechanism of analysis that connected the fundamental developments of the classics of economics with the real economic processes of today. This approach made it possible to create more flexible evaluation tools as well as to calculate the level of social security based on statistical data and, as a result, to understand and explain the main trends in social security. An analysis of the fundamental foundations of the functioning of the economic system was carried out, and the main factors in the formation of the country's economic income were indicated. It is explained how these factors operate in the modern global business environment and lead to an increase in problems in the social sphere. The necessary and permissible level of investment to maintain social balance in society was noted, with an indicator of 4% of GDP. It has been proven that Iceland has guaranteed social development at a level of 271%, which is the highest indicator among European countries. Statistical data for EU countries were analysed, and the calculation of indicators made it possible to assess the state of social assistance in geographical regions of Europe.
Use of different indices to assess the ecological status of lake systems in the eastern mediterranean river basin
Authors: Maraşlıoğlu Faruk , Coşkun Tolga , Çetin Tolga , Kağnıcıoğlu Nazmi , Ekmekçi Fatih , Şahin Mustafa
Published: August 2023

The objective of this research was to assess the ecological status of lentic systems in the Eastern Mediterranean River basin (Türkiye) using some biotic (Q index, PT-BV, MedPTI, TDIL, and PTI) and abiotic (WQI, WQImin-nw, TSI, TLI, and Kna) indices. Phytoplankton species such asPeridinium cinctum,Ceratium hirundinella, andGyrosigma balticumwere the species that contributed the most to the algal biovolume of lake systems with different ecological statuses in the basin. According to the results, it was seen that CCA coordination, which analyzed the relationship structures between dominant phytoplankton taxa and environmental water quality parameters, explained the variation sufficiently. As pointed out in the CCA analysis, conductivity and ammonium were the main environmental parameters influencing algal assemblages at sampling sites in the basin (p< 0.01). Strong correlations were observed between TSI and TLI (correlation coefficient: 0.99), and TDIL showed significant correlation only with the Q index (p< 0.01). TSI, TLI and WQI, abiotic indices, indicated significant correlations with most environmental parameters (p< 0.01), while PTI, a biotic index, had weak correlations with most environmental parameters (p> 0.05). Among the indices used in this study, it seems that diatom-based TDIL and physicochemical-based WQI appear to be the most suitable indices for assessing the ecological status of lentic systems in the Mediterranean region. Accordingly, it can be deduced that coupling biotic and abiotic indices is more accurate in determining the water quality of lentic systems.
Material research in the design field: a gender gap analysis
Authors: Bianco Beatrice , Ferrara Marinella
Published: August 2023

Within the framework of technology, design and material production are profoundly influenced by the class relations of production. Artifacts and objects are no longer seen as separate from society, but as part of the social matter that regulates and holds the society together. The development and use of materials are also closely connected to the social systems in which they operate. To date we have few empirical observations in this regard, especially on the investigation of the female presence in the discourse of material design. The connection between material research and gender has recently become an issue of social and technological relevance, as there is a lack of data on women activity. In addition, the communicative aspect of the material design approach will be analysed through forms of social constructivism, which foresees people working together constructing artifacts, and their potential to enhance the perception of matter in its forthcoming dimension. This contribution aims to investigate the approaches of women designers to the innovation of materials. It will start from an historical perspective via figures such as the Italian architect Anna Castelli Ferrieri up to the new generations of women designers and researchers who consider specific factors for each study and observation, applying what is called the “clinical approach”. We will encompass selected examples of good practices of social sustainability through the inclusion of women in the field of material research and production. In addition, we consider the profound impact of contemporary good design practices, questioning what impact they have on social life and the environment, due to the relationships with our artifacts and habitat under the climate crisis. Overall, we propose that gender issues are finally embedded in the design discourse and some results are emerging.
Rosenwurz bei Erschöpfung
Authors: Melzig Matthias F.
Published: August 2023

Zubereitungen mit Rosenwurz werden in vielen Ländern der Welt traditionell gegen Erschöpfungszustände eingesetzt – Studien geben Hinweise auf ihre Wirksamkeit.
Die Diagnose einer funktionellen Bewegungsstörung vermitteln
Authors: Michaelis Rosa , Popkirov Stoyan
Published: August 2023

Die Diagnose einer funktionellen Bewegungsstörung sollte innerhalb neurologischer Behandlungsstrukturen anschlussfähig vermittelt werden. Erfahrungsgemäß gelingt dies am besten, wenn spezifische Untersuchungszeichen, aus denen sich neben der Diagnose auch Störungsmodell und Therapieprinzipien ableiten lassen, demonstriert und reflektiert werden. Dem kommt dabei ein größeres Gewicht zu als der Benennung der unauffälligen apparativen Ausschlussdiagnostik. Die bewusste Anerkennung funktioneller motorischer Symptome als Ausdruck einer originären neuropsychiatrischen Störung der Bewegungskontrolle stellt dabei die gebotene Haltung gegenüber Betroffenen als Grundlage für eine gelingende Diagnosevermittlung dar. Diagnosestellung und Diagnosevermittlung können – insbesondere bei knapp bemessenem Gesprächszeitrahmen – auch ohne die Erhebung psychischer Belastungen erfolgen. Mitunter kann es allerdings zielführend sein, häufige Begleitbeschwerden wie z. B. Schmerzen, Ängste, Fatigue und Schlafstörungen mit zu erheben und deren Behandlungsmöglichkeiten anzusprechen. Methoden der motivierenden Gesprächsführung helfen bei der Förderung der Therapiemotivation.
Kommt Erschöpfung aus dem Darm?
Authors: Sartor Henning
Published: August 2023

Die Schleimhäute spielen eine wichtige Rolle für das Immunsystem. Verschiedene Schutzsysteme wahren ihre Integrität. Sie werden als „Funktionelles Feld“ beschrieben. Sich dieses Feld anzuschauen, kann die Diagnostik von verschiedenen Erkrankungen unterstützen, darunter chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankungen oder Allergien. Ebenfalls können auf diese Weise Bakterien aufgespürt werden, die Krankheitsprozesse bei Typ-2-Diabetes oder Gefäßerkrankungen anfeuern. Aktuelle Studienergebnisse zeigen eine Vice-versa-Wirkung des intestinalen Mikrobioms und dessen Stoffwechsels mit der Leistungsfähigkeit verschiedener Organsysteme wie Nerven-, Muskulatur- und Immunsystem. Als wesentlicher Verursacher von Leistungseinschränkung wurden die Fehlverdauung (= Dyspepsie = Maldigestion) und deren Toxine (intestinale Autointoxikation) identifiziert. Günstige Verhältnisse im Darm begünstigen optimale geistige und sportliche Performance. Angemessenes Training verbessert die Darmflora und deren Stoffwechsel. Einer der wesentlichen Gründe für die gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung der Bewegung wurde in Studien in dem günstigen Einfluss des Sports auf die Darmmikrobiota bestätigt.
Behandlung einer Wochenbettdepression mit Akupunktur
Authors: Stör Wolfram
Published: August 2023

Aus Sicht der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin kann der starke Blut- und Flüssigkeitsverlust bei der Entbindung das Yin schwächen. Dieser Fallbericht zeigt, wie sich die Beschwerden einer Wochenbettdepression durch Akupunktur lindern lassen.
Pathophysiologie funktioneller Bewegungsstörungen
Authors: Gless Carl Alexander , Steffen Becktepe Jos , Zeuner Kirsten E.
Published: August 2023

Die Ursache funktioneller neurologischer Bewegungsstörungen ist multifaktoriell. Es ist denkbar, dass es eine genetische Prädisposition gibt, die zu einer verminderten Belastbarkeit und Verarbeitungsfähigkeit externer Stressoren führt. Zu den Risikofaktoren zählen Traumata in der Kindheit; insbesondere eine psychische Vernachlässigung (Neglect), innerfamiliäre Schwierigkeiten, Mobbing, erhöhter sozialer Druck und sexueller Missbrauch. Dazu passt, dass ein hoher Prozentsatz betroffener Patienten an psychiatrischen Komorbiditäten wie Depressionen, Angststörungen oder posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen leidet. Oftmals gehen der Erstmanifestation andere organische Erkrankungen, Operationen oder Unfälle voraus. Es gibt zahlreiche neurophysiologische und bildgebende Untersuchungen, die ein zugrunde liegendes gestörtes Handlungsbewusstsein nahelegen. Hierbei ist insbesondere die Wahrnehmung der Kontrolle eigener Handlungen und deren Konsequenzen gestört. Verortet wird das Handlungsbewusstsein im temporo-parietalen Knotenpunkt, der eine reduzierte Aktivierung bei Patienten mit einem funktionellen Tremor zeigt. Zudem wurde eine verminderte funktionelle Konnektivität zwischen rechtem temporo-parietalem Übergang und bilateralen sensomotorischen Regionen beschrieben. Das beeinträchtigte Handlungsbewusstsein ist vermutlich Folge einer fehlerhaften Integration motorischer Feedforward- und sensorischer Feedback-Mechanismen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden wir diese Aspekte beleuchten, um anschließend ein pathophysiologisches Modell zu erstellen.
eHealth im Community Health Nursing – Mobile Anwendungen zur Therapie von Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
Authors: Iversen Linda , Weritz Jonathan , Nock Annike , Waidhas Lukas , Petersen-Ewert Corinna
Published: August 2023

Hintergrund Die steigende Prävalenz von Diabetes Mellitus Typ II ist ein Gesundheitsproblem von globalem Ausmaß. Digitale Anwendungen in Form von Health Apps können Patient*innen bei der Alltagsbewältigung der Erkrankung unterstützen und die Versorgungsqualität steigern. Ein Problem stellen die unübersichtliche Fülle an mobilen Anwendungen sowie die fehlende Analyse zur Qualität und Handhabbarkeit dar. Community Health Nurses verfügen über die Kompetenz, geeignete Health Apps zu implementieren und insbesondere den Patient*innen näherzubringen.

Methodik Um einen Überblick über die Wirksamkeit von Diabetes Health Apps von Diabetes Typ II zu erhalten, wurde im ersten Schritt eine systematische Literaturrecherche in internationalen Datenbanken abgeschlossen. Im nächsten Schritt wurde anhand ausgewählter Kriterien eine Analyse mit der Fragestellung, welche Health Apps sich im Setting von Community Health Nursing in der Versorgung von Patient*innen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ II eignen, durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt konnten zehn Studien in die Analyse der Literaturrecherche einbezogen werden. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sich durch die Verwendung von Diabetes Health Apps positive Effekte auf verschiedene klinische Ergebnisparameter erzielen lassen. In die Analyse aktueller Diabetes Health Apps wurden insgesamt N=21 mobile Anwendungen inkludiert, von denen fünf Apps zwischen sechs und sieben der in der Literatur als wirksam identifizierten Auswahlkriterien aufweisen.

Schlussfolgerung Health Apps können die Versorgungspraxis verbessern. Fünf der untersuchten Diabetes-Apps erfüllen die Voraussetzungen, um effektiv im Community Health Nursing eingesetzt zu werden.
Erschöpfung in der Gynäkologie: Inflammation, Hormone oder Tumor?
Authors: Wolf Alfred S.
Published: August 2023

Ein Großteil der an SARS-CoV2-Erkrankten zeigt langzeitige Nebenwirkungen in Form von Erschöpfung, Leistungsverlust und anhaltender Müdigkeit. Generell lassen sich die Ursachen einer Fatigue im Wesentlichen einem Tumor, einer neuroendokrinen Reaktion oder einer Inflammation zuordnen. Der Verlauf und die Klinik der Post-COVID-19-Fatigue ähnelt den Erschöpfungskrankheiten ausgelöst durch Herpesviren. Bei der Therapie spielen Beratung und Coaching eine wichtige Rolle. Zunächst werden verhaltenstherapeutische Maßnahmen geraten, ergänzt durch eine Lebensstilberatung.
The Incidence and Effect of Different Organ Metastasis on the Prognosis of NSCLC
Authors: Wei Shenhai , Wei Wenchao , Wu Bingqun , Tian Jintao , Hu Pengcheng , Pan Shouqiang , Song Xiaoping
Published: August 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effect of different organ metastasis on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods Patients with distant metastatic NSCLC were selected from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database during 2016 to 2019. The incidence of different organ metastasis and their association with clinicopathological factors were explored. Overall survival (OS) and lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS) for metastatic NSCLC were calculated, and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed with a nomogram for OS being constructed based on Cox regression.

Results Total 26,210 patients with distant metastatic NSCLC were included in this study. Around 48.9% of the metastatic NSCLC were multiple-organ metastasis and bone was the most commonly involved organ (44.4%). For patients with single-organ metastasis, the prognosis for lung or distant lymph nodes (LNs) metastasis was better than others (with median OS of 15 and 16 months for lung and distant LNs metastasis, respectively), and liver metastasis resulted in the worst prognosis with median OS of 8 months. A nomogram was constructed to visualize Cox regression model, along with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated good discrimination for the predictive model with 1- and 2-year area under the curve of ROC of 0.687 and 0.702, respectively.

Conclusion The prognosis of NSCLC patients with distant metastasis was poor. Liver metastasis results in the worst prognosis among the single-organ metastasis. The nomogram developed based on the Cox regression model has provided a useful tool to estimate the probability of OS of the metastatic NSCLC.
The effect of endoscopic gastric plication on portosystemic pressure gradient in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and compensated advanced chronic liver disease
Authors: Jirapinyo Pichamol , Thompson Christopher C. , Garcia-Tsao Guadalupe , Zucker Stephen D. , Ryou Marvin
Published: August 2023

Background The goals of therapy for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and compensated advanced chronic liver disease include weight loss and reduction of the portosystemic pressure gradient (PPG) to decrease the risk of hepatic decompensation. Endoscopic gastric plication (EGP) is an effective endoscopic weight loss procedure. This study aimed to assess the effect of EGP on PPG.

Methods In this prospective pilot study, patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and compensated advanced chronic liver disease underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided PPG measurement prior to and at 6 months following EGP. Primary outcomes were the change in PPG and proportion of patients experiencing ≥ 20 % reduction in PPG at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included percent total weight loss (TWL) and changes in noninvasive tests of fibrosis.

Results 20 patients were included. Baseline median body mass index and liver stiffness measurement were 40.2 kg/m2 (range 30.1–56.7) and 14.7 kPa (range 8.2–36), respectively. At 6 months, median PPG decreased from 5.4 mmHg (range 0.7–19.6) to 1.8 mmHg (range 0.4–17.6) (P = 0.002), with 79 % (11/14) experiencing ≥ 20 % reduction. Patients experienced 12.5 % (6.5 %–26.1 %) TWL (P < 0.001) at 6 months, with 89 % (17/19) achieving ≥ 7 % and 68 % (13/19) achieving ≥ 10 % TWL. There were significant improvements in noninvasive tests of fibrosis.

Conclusion EGP appeared to be effective at reducing PPG in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and compensated advanced chronic liver disease.
Application of the Heck Reaction for the Synthesis of C-Glycosyl Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Soengas Raquel G. , Silva Artur M. S. , Tomé Sara M.
Published: August 2023

The potential of the Heck reaction for the C-glycosylation of phenolic compounds was explored. An efficient and general methodology for the synthesis of C-glycosylated phenolic compounds based on the Heck coupling of halogenated phenolic derivatives (chromones, 2-styrylchromones, and xanthones) and sugar alkenes was developed. The protocol was applied to the preparation of previously unreported C-glycosylated 2-styrylchromones and xanthones of potential biological relevance.
Brain Expression of CPB2 and Effects of Cpb2 Deficiency in Mouse Models of Behavior
Authors: Meijers Joost C. M. , van der Harst Johanneke , Marx Pauline F. , Sahbaie Peyman , Clark David J. , Morser John
Published: August 2023

Background Procarboxypeptidase B2 (proCPB2 or TAFI) is a zymogen that after activation cleaves C-terminal basic residues from peptides or proteins with many identified targets. A splice variant of CPB2 has been found in the brain lacking essential residues for its carboxypeptidase function. The aim was to determine CPB2 expression in the brain and effects of CPB2 deficiency (Cpb2
−/−) on behavior.

Materials and Methods Behavioral effects were tested by comparing Cpb2
−/− mice in short-term (open field and elevated zero maze tests) and long-term (Phenotyper) observations with wild-type (WT) controls.

Results Long-term observation compared day 1 (acclimatizing to novel environment) to day 4 (fully acclimatized) with the inactive (day) and active (night) periods analyzed separately. Brain expression of CPB2 mRNA and protein was interrogated in publicly available databases. Long-term observation demonstrated differences between WT and Cpb2
−/− mice in several parameters. For example, Cpb2
−/− mice moved more frequently on both days 1 and 4, especially in the normally inactive periods. Cpb2
−/− mice spent more time on the shelter and less time in it. Differences were more pronounced on day 4 after the mice had fully acclimatized. In short-term observations, no differences were observed between Cpb2
−/− mice and WT mice. Brain expression of CBP2 was not detectable in the human protein atlas. Databases of single-cell RNAseq did not show expression of CPB2 mRNA in either human or mouse brain.

Conclusion Continuous observation of home-cage behavior suggests that Cpb2
−/− mice are more active than WT mice, show different day–night activity levels, and might have a different way of processing information.
Septal Reconstruction: Simple to Complex
Authors: Oliver Jamie R. , Humphrey Clinton D.
Published: August 2023

Nasal septal deviation is a frequent problem treated by otolaryngologists and facial plastic surgeons. Complete correction of the septal deformity is often essential both for straightening a crooked nose and for restoration of the nasal airway. While standard septoplasty techniques provide excellent outcomes in most patients, severe septal deformities may require treatment with more advanced maneuvers including adjacent grafting, caudal septal replacement, and even extracorporeal septoplasty. This article reviews a range of septoplasty techniques, with an emphasis on complex septal reconstruction and approaches that can be utilized to maintain keystone stability and establish a robust midline L-strut even in cases with challenging anatomy.
Early Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury in Newborns with Perinatal Asphyxia
Authors: Refat Nafisa Hassan , Fathy Mohamed Amir , Hafez Ali Hamdy Ali Abdel , Sabra Mohammed Abdeltawab , Hamed Enas Ahmad , Abdelraheem Yasser Farouk
Published: August 2023

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor for neonatal death. Since neonatal early renal injury usually has no specific clinical symptoms, many AKI cases are often missed the best time of early intervention if there is no relevant examination. Perinatal asphyxia (PA) can lead to AKI. The study aimed to assess efficacy of serum cystatin C (CystC) in early prediction of AKI in full-term neonates with PA. The study was conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit, Assiut University Children Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021. Seventy full-term neonates with documented PA were enrolled in the study. Baseline laboratory data and serum CystC levels were assessed. Out of those 70 neonates with PA, 21 (30%) developed AKI, while 49 (70%) neonates did not develop AKI. Majority of non-AKI group had stage-I hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (61.2%), while majority of AKI had stage-III HIE (61.9%). A significantly higher serum CystC level was found among AKI group than those without AKI (1.50 ± 0.12 vs. 0.90 ± 0.14, p < 0.001). The predictors for AKI among neonates with PA were low birth weight, serum CystC levels, hypotension, and stage-III HIE. Serum CystC has 94.3% overall accuracy for prediction of AKI. In conclusion, AKI in neonates with PA is common. CystC is a promising biomarker in early prediction of AKI in such cases. Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Microwave-induced intersubband scattering and magneto-oscillation phenomena in an inhomogeneous 2D electron gas on liquid helium
Authors: Monarkha Yu. P.
Published: August 2023

The theoretical description of microwave-induced intersubband scattering in a 2D electron gas exposed to a magnetic field on liquid helium with the inhomogeneous distribution of subband excitation energies is presented. We demonstrate that the alignment of the staircases of Landau levels in the ground and the first excited subbands differently affects the microwave resonant absorption and in-plane magnetoconductivity. In contrast with previously used models, the microwave excitation rate is shown to have a strong dependence on the magnetic field with sharp minima at the Landau level alignment points even in a heavily inhomogeneous 2D electron system. The inhomogeneous distribution of transverse-quantization eigenfrequencies changes the lineshape of the intersubband resonance and substantially broadens conductivity magneto-oscillations. These results explain unexpected experimental observations reported previously.
Study of consecutive long-lived meter-scale laser-guided sparks in air
Authors: Walch P. , Arantchouk L. , Mahieu B. , Lozano M. , André Y.-B. , Mysyrowicz A. , Houard A.
Published: August 2023

We study the creation and evolution of meter-scale long-lived laser-guided electric discharges and the interaction between consecutive guided discharges. The lifetime of guided discharges from a Tesla high voltage generator is first increased up to several milliseconds by the injection of additional current. The subsequent discharge evolution is measured by recording the electric current and by Schlieren and fluorescence imaging. A thermodynamic model of the gas evolution is developed to explain the discharge evolution. Finally, we analyze the succession of laser-guided discharges generated at 10 Hz.
Comment on “Simultaneous density and thermal conductivity depth profile reconstructions from noised thermal-wave amplitude and phase data using a combined integral-equation and imperialist competitive algorithm method” [J. Appl. Phys. 133, 055102 (2023)]
Authors: Krapez Jean-Claude
Published: August 2023

In a recent paper, Mandelis et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 133, 055102 (2023)] describe a photothermal methodology and a new inversion technique which, when applied to a heterogeneous material, is claimed to allow a simultaneous reconstruction of the depth profiles of thermal conductivity and density (assuming that the specific heat is a known constant). In this Comment we recall that, for the thermophysical configuration considered, the thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity profiles cannot be identified simultaneously because they are fully correlated. The exposed problem exhibits unconditional non-identifiability leading to the non-uniqueness of the solution. The apparent success of the inversion tests does not preclude the fact that, for any (apparently) optimal solution, an infinite multiplicity of equally satisfactory pairs of conjugate profiles can be built. The simultaneous identification of the density and thermal conductivity profiles is here an unsolvable inverse problem.
Micromagnetic study on Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite with inter-granular phase
Authors: Kim Jong-Hyok , Kim Chol-Song
Published: August 2023

The magnetic performance of hard-/soft-phase nanocomposites depends on their microstructure. Nanocomposites with an inter-granular phase, fabricated via a physical route, are fascinating as they can further enhance the magnetic properties of hard-/soft-phase nanocomposites. In this study, the magnetic performance is estimated on an isotropic Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite system with an inter-granular phase via micromagnetic simulation. The simulated results show that the magnetic performance of the system is strongly dependent on the size of Nd2Fe14B particles and the thickness of α-Fe phase. The simulated energy product provides a good approximation to the experimental one. The optimal size of Nd2Fe14B particles and thickness of the α-Fe phase, which give the highest energy product, are found. The simulation is expected to contribute to the preparation of high-performance isotropic Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets with an inter-granular soft-magnetic phase.
2D MoS2 under switching field conditions: Study of high-frequency noise velocity fluctuations
Authors: Iglesias J. M. , Pascual E. , García-Sánchez S. , Rengel R.
Published: August 2023

The transient high-frequency noise response of two-dimensional MoS2 under abrupt large signal switching field conditions is studied by means of an ensemble Monte Carlo simulator. Low-to-high and high-to-low transitions are analyzed at low (77 K) and room temperature, considering several underlying substrates. The incorporation of stochastic individual scattering events allows capturing the transient collective phonon–electron coupling, which is shown to be responsible for the appearance of an oscillatory behavior in the average velocity and energy at low temperature in the case of MoS2 on SiO2, hBN, and Al2O3. Activation and deactivation of surface polar phonon emissions in the low-to-high field switching process yield the appearance of a relevant peak in the power spectral density of velocity fluctuations in the THz range. The results show the important influence of the substrate type in the noise behavior of MoS2 at very high frequencies, which is critical for the design of future FET devices based on 2D TMD technology.
Effect of different vortex models on the linear instability characteristics of wingtip vortex
Authors: Cheng Ze-Peng , Pan Chong
Published: August 2023

Different analytical vortex models have been developed to characterize the evolution of wingtip vortex. However, their effect on the instability characteristics has not been well recognized. In this paper, the wingtip vortex generated by an elliptical wing was first experimentally measured in the near-wake and far-wake regions by particle image velocimetry. Then, it was fitted to different one-scale and multiscale vortex models as the base flow for linear stability analysis. The results show that though the eigenvalue spectra by different vortex models exhibit a unified topology with an isolated point around ωi=0 and three continuous branches, the multiscale vortex models tend to overestimate the instability of the wingtip vortex nonphysically. Furthermore, structures of the most unstable eigenmodes (Mode C) also differ between one-scale and multiscale vortex models. On this basis, a meaningful parameter, penetration depth (dp), is defined to predict the instability behavior of one perturbation mode. It is found that the most unstable streamwise wavenumber coincides with the streamwise wavenumber, where 1−dp is the local minimum, regardless of vortex models. The negative correlation between ωi and 1−dp of Mode C indicates that the closer the perturbation vorticity to the vortex boundary, the larger the growth rate. This reminds us that the penetration length might be a candidate measure of the instability behavior of perturbation modes, which deserves to be further studied in a broader parameter space.
In-plane ferroelectric monolayer TlNbX4O and its application in bulk photovoltaic effect
Authors: Shen Shiying , Ai Haoqiang , Ma Yandong , Bai Haoyun , Du Xuejian , Li Feifei , Pan Hui
Published: August 2023

A bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) in materials without inversion symmetry attracts increasing interest for high-efficiency solar cells beyond the p–n junction paradigm. Herein, we report the photovoltaic effect in an experimentally feasible TlNbX4O monolayer (TlNbX4O-ML, X = Cl, Br, I) with a large ferroelectric polarization. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that TlNbX4O-MLs are ferroelectric semiconductors with moderate switching barriers and higher spontaneous polarizations. Furthermore, we observe fairly giant shift current with the values of 109.6 μA/V2 for TlNbCl4O, 60 μA/V2 for TlNbBr4O, and 56.1 μA/V2 for TlNbI4O. These results unveil distinct features of the BPVE and the potential application of two-dimensional ferroelectric materials for next-generation photovoltaic devices.
Observation of defect density dependent elastic modulus of graphene
Authors: Li Hu , Gürbüz Emel , Haldar Soumyajyoti , Hussain Tanveer , Zheng Xiaoxiao , Ye Xiaoling , Makumi Sylvester Wambua , Duan Tianbo , Jafri Syed Hassan Mujtaba , Daukiya Lakshya , Simon Laurent , Karton Amir , Sanyal Biplab , Leifer Klaus
Published: August 2023

The recent decade has witnessed a tremendous development of graphene applications in many fields; however, as one of the key considerations, the mechanical properties of graphene still remain largely unexplored. Herein, by employing focused ion beam irradiation, graphene with various defect levels is obtained and further investigated by using Raman spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. Specially, our atomic force microscopy based nanomechanical property measurement demonstrates a clear defect density dependent behavior in the elastic modulus of graphene on a substrate as the defect density is higher than a threshold value of 1012 cm−2, where a clear decay is observed in the stiffness of graphene. This defect density dependence is mainly attributed to the appearance of amorphous graphene, which is further confirmed with our molecular dynamics calculations. Therefore, our reported result provides an essential guidance to enable the rational design of graphene materials in nanodevices, especially from the perspective of mechanical properties.
A many-channel FPGA control system
Authors: Schussheim Daniel T. , Gibble Kurt
Published: August 2023

We describe a many-channel experiment control system based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The system has 16 bit resolution on 10 analog 100 megasamples-per-second (MS/s) input channels, 14 analog 100 MS/s output channels, 16 slow analog input and output channels, dozens of digital inputs and outputs, and a touchscreen display for experiment control and monitoring. The system can support ten servo loops with 155 ns latency and MHz bandwidths, in addition to as many as 30 lower bandwidth servos. We demonstrate infinite-impulse-response (IIR) proportional–integral–differential filters with 30 ns latency by using only bit-shifts and additions. These IIR filters allow timing margin at 100 MS/s and use fewer FPGA resources than straightforward multiplier-based filters, facilitating many servos on a single FPGA. We present several specific applications: Hänsch–Couillaud laser locks with automatic lock acquisition and a slow dither correction of lock offsets, variable duty cycle temperature servos, and the generation of multiple synchronized arbitrary waveforms.
Self-consistent gyrokinetic modeling of turbulent and neoclassical tungsten transport in toroidally rotating plasmas
Authors: Lim K. , Garbet X. , Sarazin Y. , Gravier E. , Lesur M. , Lo-Cascio G. , Rouyer T.
Published: August 2023

The effect of toroidal rotation on both turbulent and neoclassical transport of tungsten (W) in tokamaks is investigated using the flux-driven, global, nonlinear 5D gyrokinetic code GYSELA. Nonlinear simulations are carried out with different levels of momentum injection that drive W into the supersonic regime, while the toroidal velocity of the main ions remains in the subsonic regime. The numerical simulations demonstrate that toroidal rotation induces centrifugal forces that cause W to accumulate in the outboard region, generating an in–out poloidal asymmetry. This asymmetry enhances neoclassical inward convection, which can lead to central accumulation of W in cases of strong plasma rotation. The core accumulation of W is mainly driven by inward neoclassical convection. However, as momentum injection continues, roto-diffusion, proportional to the radial gradient of the toroidal velocity, becomes significant and generates outward turbulent flux in the case of ion temperature gradient turbulence. Overall, the numerical results from nonlinear GYSELA simulations are in qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions for impurity transport.
Record quantum efficiency from strain compensated superlattice GaAs/GaAsP photocathode for spin polarized electron source
Authors: Biswas Jyoti , Cultrera Luca , Liu Wei , Wang Erdong , Skaritka John , Kisslinger Kim , Hawkins S. D. , Lee S. R. , Klem J. F.
Published: August 2023

Photocathodes based on GaAs and other III–V semiconductors are capable of producing highly spin-polarized electron beams. GaAs/GaAsP superlattice photocathodes exhibit high spin polarization; however, the quantum efficiency (QE) is limited to 1% or less. To increase the QE, we fabricated a GaAs/GaAsP superlattice photocathode with a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) underneath. This configuration creates a Fabry–Pérot cavity between the DBR and GaAs surface, which enhances the absorption of incident light and, consequently, the QE. These photocathode structures were grown using molecular beam epitaxy and achieved record quantum efficiencies exceeding 15% and electron spin polarization of about 75% when illuminated with near-bandgap photon energies.
Parameter optimization of SVM algorithm for predicting physical parameters of SF6–Cu mixture plasma under local thermodynamic equilibrium
Authors: Ding Can , Yu Donghai , Guo Qing , Zhang Sheng
Published: August 2023

The physical parameters of SF6–Cu mixture plasma are necessary for arc calculation simulation. The calculation of these parameters is very difficult, but the prediction of the corresponding parameters using the existing database is one of the methods used to solve this difficult problem. The support vector regression (SVR) algorithm can effectively deal with the high-dimensional input vector problem and is widely used in the prediction field. To address the problem that the RBF kernel parameters gamma and penalty coefficient C are difficult to be obtained using the SVR algorithm, which leads to some data not satisfying the prediction accuracy, this paper first uses particle swarm optimization and the gray wolf optimizer to optimize the parameters of SVR, then uses the optimized hyperparameters to predict the data, and finally compares and analyzes the predicted data before and after the optimization. The results show that the optimized SVR parameters obtained using the optimization-seeking algorithm can fit the data better, which verifies the feasibility of the optimization of SVR hyperparameters by the optimization-seeking algorithm.
Influence of saturable absorber parameters on the hybrid mode-locking performance of fiber lasers
Authors: Wang Sen , Zhou Renlai , Liu Han , Li Li
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we numerically study the influence of saturable absorber parameters, namely, modulation depth, recovery time, and saturation energy, on the performance of an ultrafast fiber laser that is mode-locked by a hybrid scheme of a saturation absorber (SA) and a nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR). Maps of mode-locked states related to intracavity wave-plates are created to evaluate the operation of hybrid mode-locking under different modulation depths of the SA. Along with the improvement of modulation depth of the SA, the mode-locked pulse results from a combination effect of the SA and NPR. The numerical analysis reveals that the SA parameters can significantly impact the pulse profile, peak power, and operation state. Moreover, they can also impact the selection of NPR mode-locked points, resulting in variation in stable single pulse output. A higher modulation depth can suppress the unstable multiple pulses’ operation and convert them into harmonic mode-locked pulses. The obtained results indicate that the selection of appropriate SA parameters can effectively improve the output characteristics of hybrid mode-locked fiber lasers.
Study on a method for suppressing influence of nonuniform surface emissivity of material in eddy current thermography
Authors: He Min , Xie Yujian , Wu Zhen , Li Zhuangfei , Wang Yuzhu , Hou Gangling
Published: August 2023

The nonuniform emissivity of material surface will adversely affect the detection results of the thermal imaging technology. Aiming at the influence of uneven emissivity on the dynamic detection mode of eddy current thermography, a suppression method based on edge detection is proposed in this paper. Since the traditional threshold selection methods are not ideal, a local adaptive threshold selection (LATS) method is applied in this study. This method can automatically obtain the optimal threshold for edge detection to suppress the influence of uneven emissivity. Roberts, Sobel, Prewitt, and Canny operators are tested by using LATS. The results show that Roberts, Sobel, and Prewitt operators can achieve the suppression effect, but the effect of Sobel and Prewitt are similar and better than Roberts.
Unfurling a rolled-up sheet from a dispenser at constant speed
Authors: Mungan Carl E
Published: August 2023

An introductory physics problem asks for the applied force necessary to pull a strip of paper towels off a mounted roll at a constant tangential speed. Numerous online help sites provide inadequate solutions. Newton’s second law for rotations can be applied as the radius and hence the moment of inertia decreases. Several rolls of flexible materials having different dimensions and masses are characterized to show that the required force can increase, remain constant, or decrease as time elapses for a roll that rotates frictionlessly about a fixed axle.