bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MELALUI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBASIS MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL PADA KELAS 5 TEMA 8 LINGKUNGAN SAHABAT KITA
Authors: Amalia Anisa Nur , Reffiane Fine , Karsono Karsono
Published: May 2022

Abstract: This study aims to determine the improvement of learning outcomes on theme 8 Lingkungan Sahabat Kita through a problem-based learning model based on audio-visual media for class V at SDN 1 Tutup. This research is a classroom action research developed by Kemmis and Mc Taggart. The subjects of this study were students of class V even semester in the academic year 2020/2021 with total of 30 students. This study consisted of three cycles with two meetings in each cycle. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, tests, and documentation. The results showed that the application of Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on the theme 8 Lingkungan Sahabat Kita could improve the learning outcomes of class V SDN 1 Tutup. This can be seen from the increase in student learning outcomes in each cycle. In the first cycle, the average value of the students' knowledge learning outcomes was 68.75, the second cycle increased to 71.77 and the third cycle increased to 79.27. Psychomotor learning outcomes of students in the first cycle of 71.30 increased in the second cycle to 73.58 and also increased in the third cycle to 75.86.Keywords: problem based learning; learning outcomeAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar pada tema 8 Lingkungan Sahabat Kita melalui model pembelajaran problem based learning berbasis media audio visual kelas V di SDN 1 Tutup. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan model yang dikembangkan olehKemmis dan Mc Taggart. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V Semester genap Tahun akademik 2020/2021 dengan jumlah 30 siswa. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga siklus dengan dua kali pertemuan pada tiap siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, tes hasil belajar, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning(PBL) pada tema 8 Lingkungan Sahabat Kita dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kelas v SDN 1 Tutup. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada setiap siklusnya. Pada siklus I nilai rata-rata kelas hasil belajar pengetahuan siswa sebesar 68,75, siklus II meningkat menjadi 71,77 dan siklus III meningkat menjadi 79,27. Hasil belajar psikomotor siswa pada siklus I sebesar 71,30 meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 73,58 meningkat pula pada siklus menjadi III 75,86.Kata Kunci: problem based learning; hasil belajar
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN SISWA KELAS II DITINJAU DARI MATERI PECAHAN BERBANTU MEDIA AUDIO-VISUAL
Authors: Pitaloka Citra Dwi , Saputro Bagus Adi , Reffine Fine
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Keefektifan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Penalaran Siswa Kelas II Ditinjau Dari Materi Pecahan Berbantu Media Audio-Visual.The purpose of this research is to find out how the Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning Learning Model on Improving the Reasoning Ability of Class II Students in terms of fractional materials assisted by audio-visual media.The research design used in this study was the One Group Pretest Posttest Design. From the pretest value the average value of the class is 57.88 while the posttest value is 86.83, and based on the t-test analysis obtained tcount (34.449) ttable (2.062) so H0 is rejected, meaning that the average before and after being treated is not same. Also shown in the classical mastery test, the results of the pretest reached 27% classical learning completeness. The results of the posttest achieved a learning completeness of 88%. A class is said to be complete if there are 67% of students who have completed learning. Thus, the posttest results can be said to be classically complete with 88% of students completing learning. It can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning learning model assisted by Audio-Visual Media is effective in increasing the reasoning abilities of second grade students at SD Negeri Pleburan 02 Semarang.Keywords:Problem Based Learning,Reasoning, Audio-Visual Media .Abstrak: Keefektifan Model PembelajaranProblem Based Learning Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Penalaran Siswa Kelas II Ditinjau Dari Materi Pecahan Berbantu Media Audio-Visual. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Keefektifan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Bernalar Siswa Kelas II ditinjau dari materi pecahan berbantuan media audio visual. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah One Group Pretest Posttest Design. Dari nilai pretest nilai rata-rata kelas adalah 57,88 sedangkan nilai posttest rata-rata adalah 86,83, dan berdasarkan analisis uji-t diperoleh thitung (34,449) t tabel (2,062) sehingga H0 ditolak artinya rata-rata sebelum dan sesudah diperlakukan tidak sama. Juga ditunjukkan pada tes ketuntasan klasikal, hasil pretest mencapai ketuntasan belajar klasikal 27%. Hasil posttest mencapai ketuntasan belajar sebesar 88%. Suatu kelas dikatakan tuntas jika terdapat 67% siswa yang telah tuntas belajar. Dengan demikian, hasil posttest dapat dikatakan tuntas secara klasikal dengan 88% siswa tuntas belajar. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berbantuan Media Audio-Visual efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran siswa kelas II SD Negeri Pleburan 02 Semarang.KataKunci:Problem Based Learning, Penalaran, Media Audio-Visual.
PENERAPAN IN HOUSE TRAINING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MENYUSUN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN SIKAP DI SMP NEGERI 3 TIGAPANAH TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Purba Daniel
Published: May 2022

Abstract: This study aims to see the improvement of teacher abilities and activities in preparing attitude assessment instruments by implementing In House Training at SMP Negeri 3 Tigapanah for the 2019/2020 school year. This research is a school action research (action research) using a cycle strategy of two cycles. The research was conducted at SMP Negeri 3 Tigapanah from August to November 2019. The subjects of this study were 30 teachers at SMP Negeri 3 Tigapanah. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that; 1) there was an increase in the ability of teachers to develop attitude assessment instruments by implementing In House Training with an increase in the average score from 73 in Cycle I to 79 in Cycle II and an increase in classical completeness from 67% in Cycle I to 90% in Cycle II with an increase of 23% and achieve the indicators of research success in Cycle II; 2) there is an increase in teacher activity in developing attitude assessment instruments by implementing In House Training with an increase in 6 of 10 aspects of achieving active criteria in Cycle I to a total of 10 aspects of achieving active criteria in Cycle IIKeywords: In House Training, Attitude Assessment InstrumentAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peningkatan kemampuan dan aktivitas guru dalam menyusun instrumen penilaian sikap dengan menerapkan In House Training di SMP Negeri 3 Tigapanah tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan sekolah (action research) dengan menggunakan strategi siklus sebanyak dua siklus. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 3 Tigapanah mulai Agustus sampai dengan November 2019. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 30 guru di SMP Negeri 3 Tigapanah. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa; 1) terjadi peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam menyusun instrumen penilaian sikap meningkat dengan menerapkan In House Training dengan peningkatan nilai rata-rata dari 73 pada Siklus I menjadi 79 pada Siklus II dan peningkatan ketuntasan klasikal dari 67% pada Siklus I menjadi 90% pada Siklus II dengan peningkatan 23% dam mencapai indikator keberhasilan peneltian pada Siklus II; 2) terjadi peningkatan aktivitas guru dalam menyusun instrumen penilaian sikap meningkat dengan menerapkan In House Training dengan peningkatan 6 dari 10 aspek mencapai kriteria aktif pada Siklus I menjadi keseluruhan dari 10 aspek mencapai kriteria aktif pada Siklus IIKata Kunci: In House Training, Instrumen Penilain Sikap
Las políticas de formación docente en ejercicio durante el Conectar Igualdad (2010-2015)
Authors: Marchetti Braian , Bazán Sonia
Published: May 2022

El Programa Conectar Igualdad (PCI) se configuró como la política pública de inclusión digital de orden nacional de mayor envergadura de las últimas décadas en Argentina. Lanzado en el año 2010, este programa incluyó dentro de su propuesta a la formación docente en ejercicio que dio lugar a la aparición de una amplia gama de iniciativas con características diversas. A partir del diálogo con los sujetos protagonistas de la puesta en acto de esa política de formación docente en ejercicio, en este artículo nos proponemos por un lado, caracterizar la composición de la oferta formadora y, por otro, analizar los distintos aspectos que generaron puntos de tensión en su implementación y que conforman elementos a tener en cuenta en la elaboración y desarrollo de nuevas políticas de esta índole.
Un paso adelante, varios atrás
Authors: Afarian Jorge Rubén
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo busca aportar una reflexión sobre dos recientes sentencias de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación en materia de relaciones colectivas de trabajo: “APSAI” y “Romero”. Analizaremos ambas sentencias, en sus diferentes instancias, hasta arribar a la decisión de la Corte Suprema. Estimamos que ambas sentencias, dentro de sus tendencias jurisprudenciales, vienen a complejizar aún más el panorama de tratamiento de diversas temáticas neurálgicas sobre las asociaciones sindicales de trabajadores/as y sus representantes.

En la primera sentencia, trataremos la retención de cuotas sindicales por parte de las asociaciones simplemente inscriptas y en la segunda, abordaremos la tutela sindical de los representantes gremiales. Como conclusión preliminar, podemos aseverar que la Corte mediante distintos tecnicismos y apreciaciones del caso en concreto, ha dado nuevos giros en materia de relaciones colectivas, mediante la negación de, a su vez, tendencias decisorias de otros años.

Si bien se trata de casos muy específicos, es sabido que los fallos del Máximo Tribunal son influyentes para otras instancias judiciales, a la vez que instalan estándares en la misma instancia extraordinaria, y de ahí la importancia en su análisis.
Palabras que importan ¿Cómo se dice lo que se dice?
Authors: Monasterolo Natalia
Published: May 2022

¿Qué nos dicen las palabras cuando dicen lo que dicen? Este es, podría asumirse, el interrogante central que impulsa este texto y que, al mismo tiempo, lo completa. A partir de los devenires impuestos por la irrupción del coronavirus en el espacio relacional y los discursos políticos tejidos en derredor, la pregunta por la palabra pretende inaugurar un terreno de lectura sensible acerca de la muerte, la enfermedad y el cuidado como dispositivos lingüísticos utilizados por el patriarcado. En ese punto, traza línea de correspondencia entre paternalismo y liberalismo como esquemas de organización estatal que refuerzan la vigencia de la heteronorma. Frente a ello, alimenta la idea de una salida micropolítica amorosa, alejada del discurso del pater y más próxima, en su modulación, a las formas de mirar al mundo convidadas por un feminismo del lazo.
Specificity of Semiotic Organization of Internet Memes of Professional Community of Lawyers in Social Networks
Authors: Khustenko A. A.
Published: May 2022

The article deals with Internet memes that function in the professional community of lawyers in the social networks VKontakte and Odnoklassniki as a polycode text. The question is raised about the grounds for the analysis of Internet memes. The purpose of the study was to consider the semiotic organization of Internet memes of the professional community of lawyers. The relevance of the study is related to the need to study the features of speech practces determined by the forms of informal communication within such a social structure as the professional community of lawyers. The novelty of the research is seen in the development of analysis parameters that take into account the specifics of the Internet meme as a kind of polycode text, due to the peculiarity of the professional community of lawyers. An analysis of Internet memes is presented for a number of reasons. It has been established that textual memes and creolized memes, in which the text component plays a leading role, prevail quantitatively. Images in Internet memes have a high artistic and general cultural potential, which indicates a high level of the general culture of the authors and recipients of Internet memes. The semiotic analysis of Internet memes gave an idea that the professional community of lawyers significantly influences all parameters of the description of Internet memes functioning in it, which allows us to make an assumption about the existence of a specific unofficial discursive area of the corresponding professional discourse.
Nostalgic Overtones in “The Autumn Cry of the Hawk” by I. Brodsky
Authors: Bogdanova O. V. , Vlasova E. A.
Published: May 2022

The article offers a new perspective of the interpretation of the poem by I. Brodsky “The Autumn cry of a hawk” (1975). If the text is traditionally considered as the realization of the theme “the poet and the crowd”, then the nostalgic motifs of “the autumn cry” are highlighted in the work. It is shown that the first years of emigration formed certain milestones in Brodsky’s mind that required “intermediate” results, and the year 1975, the third year of emigration, actualized the motives of the “native nest” in the poet’s mind. However, unlike the usual angles of homesickness, the worldview of the herobird Brodsky outgrows the limits of nostalgic feeling, but acquires the features of an ontological myth about the laws of the existence of the Universe. The motives of the individual’s fate, freedom / lack of freedom of the individual obscure the motives of homesickness in Brodsky’s text, but the latter do not disappear without a trace, but are marked with a number of “American” and “Russian” details, images, word forms. The multiplicity of geographical toponyms (Connecticut, New England, Rio Grande), the redundancy of signs of “alien” reality (13 American states, “English” speech) allow us to explicate the invisible contrast “your own and others’ ”, reinforced by the antitheses “up / down”, “heat / ice”, “North / South”. The distinct plot of the poem (the flight of a hawk to his native places) turns out to be an important semantic entourage that enhances the depth of poetic perception.
Morphological and Syntactic Properties of Conjunction KHOT’… KHOT’... and Its Semantics
Authors: Zavialov V. N. , Li Lianmei
Published: May 2022

The object of the article is the conjunction khot’… khot’..., and the subject is its morphological and syntactic properties. The relevance of the work lies in its direct focus on solving problems related to the description of the service fund of the Russian language. The scientific novelty is due to the fact that for the first time in Russian studies, the semantics of the conjunction khot’… khot’... is described on the basis of its constructive properties, which are characterized by the word forms related to the union, the principles of their relationship with each other, as well as external links with the syntactic structures in which they are involved. The theoretical significance lies in the proposed description algorithm, which can be used to characterize similar means of syntactic communication. It has been established that the semantics of the conjunction khot’… khot’... is focused on the minimum that the speaker and listener should be content with, and is also closely related to the category of desirability, due to the internal form of its structural components, etymologically ascending to the basis of the presentfuture tense of the verb want. Proceeding from this, the semantics of the conjunction khot'… khot'... can be defined as the desire of the speaker to fulfill himself or to provide the listener with a free, but at the same time minimally sufficient choice from the proposed alternatives both in the upper and lower semantic limits.
Christian Reminiscences in Live Speech (in Old Believers’ Subdialects of Prikamye)
Authors: Podyukov I. A.
Published: May 2022

The article brings about the issue of book reminiscences in the live speech of the bearers of the Old Believers’ tradition of Prikamye. Reflecting religious consciousness, they have dogmas about the meaning of life and laws of morality; reveal the essence of ethical guidance. Attention is paid to the functions of reminiscences, the ways of their use: introduction of the name of a Christian character or the name of a sacred object into the statement, inclusion of the names of precedential artifacts in live speech, the use of phraseological units from the texts of traditional literature and allusions. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the Old Believers actively used references to the biblical, hagiographic and apocryphal texts. Book inclusions are endowed with worldview and didactic meanings; they express an analogy between the facts of Christian history and the phenomena of real life. It is proved that the use of elements of religious texts revives the meanings of these texts in the mind of a native speaker, endows oral speech with the properties of intertextuality. The use of religious reminiscences is characterized by their broad variation, due to the conditions of oral dialect communication, and reflects the decline of religious literacy. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the images of book and written culture involved in everyday speech remain a littlestudied means of expressing the complex world of feelings and emotional experiences of a believer.
Activities of Arctic Commission under Council of People’s Commissars of USSR in 1928—1930: from Tasks of Scientific Research to Plans for Economic Development
Authors: Burnasheva N. I.
Published: May 2022

The organizational formation of the system of state management of the Arctic development processes in the USSR during the first fiveyear plans, is considered. The relevance of considering the problems of the development of the Arctic during the period under review is due to the growing interest in this issue in modern conditions. The activities of the Arctic Commission formed under the government, which was entrusted with the role of a single coordinator of state events and a center for regulating the activities of various institutions and departments in the Arctic region, are shown. Attention is drawn to the initial period of activity of the government commission, associated with the country's adoption of a course towards industrialization and the transition to a system of planned regulation of the economy. Under these conditions, the installations of scientific expeditions that had previously explored the Arctic possessions began to transform radically, the transfer of research work to solving applied, economic problems began. On the basis of archival sources, it has been established that the Arctic Commission initiated and led a huge complex of works on organizing and coordinating research and practical economic work in the north of the country. It is concluded that during the years of the first fiveyear plans, the process of development of the Arctic territories of the USSR entered a turning point in its development. The most important component of the new stage in the development of the Arctic was the transfer of managerial initiative in organizing work in the north of the country into the hands of the state.
Social Mobility of Rural Population of Yenisei Province in Late XIX — Early XX Century
Authors: Fedorova V. I.
Published: May 2022

The sociocultural changes in the rural population of the Yenisei province at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries are considered in order to identify their nature and dynamics in the context of a complex dichotomy of traditionality and modernity. The factors that influenced the inter-class movements of peasants, the dynamics of vertical mobility, the formation of a new socio-cultural type of the peasantry are revealed. Based on the analysis of administrative statistics published in the “Memorable Books”, materials of the First All-Russian Population Census of 1897, as well as “Proceedings of local committees on the needs of the agricultural industry” in the Yenisei province and newspaper and magazine journalism, the author comes to the conclusion that the intensity of the migration flow, sharply increased at the beginning of the 20th century, gave rise to the contradictory dynamics of sociocultural processes in the Yenisei village. On the one hand, it contributed to the activation of the mobility of the rural population, overcoming the cultural isolation of the peasant communities, and accelerated the formation of a new social stratum — the rural intelligentsia. On the other hand, the conservation of class restrictions on the peasantry, the unwillingness of the imperial authorities to extend new social and civil institutions to Siberia, not only hampered the positive dynamics, but also led to the accumulation of protest potential.
Research on the willingness of Forest Land’s Management Rights transfer under the Beijing Forestry Development
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chen Chang , Sun Jie , Dong Yuchen , Wang Zhiruo , Wu Chengliang , Ning Yanjie
Published: May 2022

The research on land-use transfer has always been a hot spot for domestic and foreign scholars, and it is also the focus of practical works. In China, the Beijing Municipal Government has put forward many forestry policies, emphasising the need to improve the collective forest land transfer system against the new background of the capital’s forestry development. This paper built a binary logistic regression model and structural equation modelling (SEM) based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), collected research data through questionnaires and explored the factors that affect the willingness of the transfer of forest land. The research showed that (1) farmers’ attitudes and behaviours had significant negative impacts on the willingness to transfer forest land. When farmers are assured that they know more about the forest land’s management rights transfer policy, and the forest land’s management rights transfer can bring more income to them, they will be satisfied with the existing forest land policy, which is more conducive to the forest land’s management rights transfer; (2) the perceived behaviour control of farmers had no significant impact on the willingness of forest land’s management rights transfer, that is, difficulties that farmers perceived in the implementation of forest land’s management rights transfer did not significantly affect their decision-making willingness and (3) the different results of the two models’ analysis on the impact of subjective norm on the willingness of forest land’s management rights transfer need further study and verification.
Factors Affecting Photo Voltaic Solar Energy Usage Intention in Rural Households in Bangladesh: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Authors: Alam Syed Shah. , Masukujjaman Mohammad , Lin Chieh-Yu , Omar Nor Asiah. , Na Meng , Othman Abdullah Sanusi
Published: May 2022

This research examines the factors that affect Photo Voltaic (PV) solar technology’s usage intention in rural households in Bangladesh. The conceptual model for this research was developed according to past studies. There were five hypotheses developed and verified in this study. Cross sectional quantitative method was used in this research. The model was tested using empirical data collected from 209 households. This research mentions that PV solar technology usage intention was predicted by environmental concern, environmental knowledge, adoption cost, awareness, and government initiatives. The model shows a larger proposition (95 %) in the variance of PV solar technology usage in rural households in Bangladesh. According to the results of this study, we have accepted all hypotheses (H1–H5). From a practical perspective, this study’s results provide a guideline for investment decisions for the usage of PV solar technology in Bangladesh.
«НОВІ» АВТОКЕФАЛІЇ ТА ЇХ МІСЦЕ У СТРУКТУРІ ВСЕЛЕНСЬКОЇ ЦЕРКВИ
Authors: КОБЕТЯК Андрій
Published: May 2022

Мета статті – висвітлити трансформаційні процеси древнього інституту автокефалії та його сучасне значення в церкві. Еклезіологічна обумовленість автокефального принципу системотворення Вселенської церкви витікає із самої церковної природи. «Нові» автокефальні церкви в історичному аспекті виникають значено пізніше давніх східних патріархатів. Тому важливим завданням статті є вивчення в дійсності рівності між собою всіх Помісних церков. У відношеннях між незалежними церковними адміністраціями відчувається «зверхність» давніх автокефалій над новими. Тому, увага дослідження зосереджена на самому феномені Церкви в її історичній ретроспективі, та на еклезіологічному розумінні церковного рівноправ’я. Методологічними засадами дослідження стали історичний та порівняльний методи, компаративний підхід, традиціоналізм, герменевтика, релігійна антропологія, філософський символізм, методи аналізу та синтезу. Наукова новизна полягає у висвітленні причин сучасної кризи Вселенської православної церкви. Зазначається, в першу чергу це пов’язано із геополітичним та фінансовим чинниками. Наявність древніх та «нових» автокефалій створює певну меншовартісність останніх, незважаючи на принцип церковної рівності та потужний фінансовий та людський фактор нових національних церков. Висвітлюється, що з точки зору православної еклезіології очевидно, що по самій своїй структурі, кожна церква неодмінно має бути автокефальною. Однак, на практиці низка національних церков тривалий час чекають Всеправославного визнання. Висновки. Доведено, що формування двох підходів (грецького та слов’янського) до розуміння структури системотворення Вселенського православ'я стало причиною кризи в церкві. Зазначено, що «церковні непорозуміння» стали очевидними після Великого собору на Криті та надання Томосу для Української церкви. У дослідженні встановлено, що в період Вселенських соборів розуміння автокефалії трансформувалось від природного стану до церковно-політичного явища. Доведено, що у ХІХ–ХХ ст., коли відбувся «парад автокефалій» на Балканах, питання автокефалії знову виходить на перший план загальних богословських дискусій. Ключову роль відіграв національний чинник, який вкладається в основу незалежності кожної із Помісних церков. Автокефалія стає виключно політичним нашаруванням. Однак, доведено, що еклезіологічна зумовленість автокефального принципу витікає із самої природи церкви. У статті стверджується, що у православній традиції відсутнє загальноприйняте трактування взаємозалежності принципу помісності та автокефального статусу церков. Зазначається, що подальші наукові розвідки автокефальної тематики доповнять виконане дослідження, адже становлення церкви – це процес динамічний.
ФЕНОМЕН ОСОБИСТОСТІ СУЧАСНОГО ВІЙСЬКОВОГО КЕРІВНИКА ЯК ПРЕДМЕТ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ФІЛОСОФСЬКОЇ РЕФЛЕКСІЇ
Authors: ПЕТРОВА Людмила , БРИК Тетяна
Published: May 2022

Метою статті є визначення сутності феномену особистості сучасного військового керівника у вимірах соціально-філософської рефлексії. Методологічними засадами дослідження стали на комплементарних засадах потенціал екзистенціально-педагогічної антропології, діалектичний, феноменологічний, герменевтичний підходи, а також методологія структурно-функціонального і системно-теоретичного аналізу. Теоретико-методологічною основою дослідження є комплекс філософських, загальнонаукових і спеціальних методів, що забезпечує міждисциплінарний аналіз теоретичних рефлексій та практик виявлення феномену особистості сучасного військового керівника. Наукова новизна полягає у виявленні сутності феномену особистості сучасного військового керівника, розкритті людинотворчого потенціалу етики служіння в поєднанні з етикою відповідальності, які задають фактичній реальності формування особистості військового керівника контрфактичний імператив благоговіння перед життям. Висновки. За допомогою концепції габітусу (П. Бурдьє), для роз’яснення діючих механізмів здійснення тих або інших військових практик з’ясовано феномен особистості сучасного військового керівника. Військовослужбовці відрізняються від інших соціально-професійних груп суспільства особливістю інтересів у соціальній та інших сферах суспільної життєдіяльності, опосередкованих специфікою військово-професійної діяльності, яка полягає у використанні засобів збройного насильства. Габітус сучасного військового керівника це система стійких принципів поведінки, готовності та здатності виконувати завдання щодо надійного захисту Батьківщини від загроз у мирний час та за умов збройного конфлікту, підтримувати постійну бойову готовність, дисциплінованість, якісно володіти новітніми системами озброєння та технікою, нести особисту відповідальність за свідоме виконання вимог Конституції та законів України, військових статутів, Військової присяги, функціональних і службових обов'язків, наказів вищестоящих командирів і начальників, усвідомлювати суспільне призначення військової діяльності, її роль у збереженні миру на планеті, сумлінне виконання службо- вих обов’язків.
Exploring the Relationship between Athletic Identity on Certain Coping Mechanisms in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Steger Jessica , Harris Laura
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE: (1) To describe athletic identity and coping mechanisms in an adolescent athletic population, and (2) to examine the relationship between athletic identity and coping mechanisms in an adolescent population. MAIN.OUTCOME.MEASURES: Descriptive statistics were calculated for the summated AIMS-7 score and three CISS-SSC subscale scores. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between each AIMS-7 subscale and CISS-SSC subscale. Additionally, three independent t-tests were conducted with the independent variable, low, moderate, or high AIMS score, and the dependent variables, avoidance, emotion, or task-focused CISS-SSC score. Alpha level was set at 0.05 for all analyses.
Sensores eletroquímicos na detecção de pesticidas em amostras ambientais: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Chaves Oliveira Vinícius , Azenha Alves de Rezende Alexandre , Calábria Luciana Karen
Published: May 2022

Baseado no crescente aumento populacional, novas tecnologias para a manutenção da produção de alimentos são constantemente desenvolvidas. Algumas, como os pesticidas, incluindo o glifosato, podem ser prejudiciais à saúde se ingeridas. Técnicas padrão como GC-MS e HPLC são eficientes e confiáveis para a realização do controle de qualidade dos alimentos, mas demandam maior tempo para análise e geram grande quantidade de resíduos. Por outro lado, técnicas eletroanalíticas são mais baratas, de execução rápida e por sua possibilidade de miniaturização produzem uma pequena quantidade de resíduos sem perder as características necessárias de uma análise confiável, além de permitirem análises em campo. Substâncias eletricamente inativas podem ser estudadas por estas técnicas tendo um biossensor como detector, de forma que o parâmetro a ser analisado é proveniente da interação entre ambos. Eletrodos impressos suprem as necessidades descritas devido ao baixo custo, facilidade de modificação e elevado desempenho analítico. Desta forma, a presente revisão literária expõe os diferentes eletrodos construídos e suas respectivas interações para a detecção do glifosato.
Cuidados paliativos: a insegurança dos estudantes de medicina frente à pacientes em estágios terminais de vida
Authors: Araújo Leila Almeida Pinto de , Souza Leandro de Jesus , Souza Josielem Lima , Almeida Mariana Bleza de , Caracas Danilo Rocha Santos , Amaral Laura Vida Penafiel Diniz , Miranda de Carvalho Nathália Castelo Branco Vieira , Grehs Martha Lorem , Santos Daniel Thales Souza , Oliveira Vanessa Khouri Chalouhi
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Compreender as inseguranças dos estudantes do curso de medicina acerca dos cuidados paliativos em pacientes na terminalidade da vida. Revisão bibliográfica: Desde a formação, o profissional médico precisa se compromissar e se capacitar em relação à preservação da vida. A presença de sofrimento dentro de ambientes com pacientes em estágios terminais afeta o profissional da saúde emocionalmente. O acadêmico de medicina, continuadamente, encara situações que geram dor e angústia, o que acabam por desestruturá-lo emocionalmente. Além disso, a maior parte dos acadêmicos do curso de medicina consideram de extrema importância a adoção de conteúdos focados nos cuidados paliativos no currículo de medicina. Isso demonstra que os estudantes reconhecem a importância desse tema para além da vida acadêmica, ou seja, para as suas carreiras, e consideram essencial estar preparados, independente da área escolhida para se especializar. Considerações finais: Apesar dos estudantes reconhecerem a importância do estudo dos cuidados paliativos para suas carreiras, ainda se sentem despreparados quanto a maneira de encarar pacientes em estágios terminais.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Urban Workers toward Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Results from a Cross-sectional Study in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Katabwa Joe Kabongo , Mukuku Olivier , Wembonyama Stanislas Okitotsho
Published: May 2022

Objective:

This study aims to describe knowledge, attitudes, and practices about human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among a sample of 563 urban workers in Lubumbashi, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Material and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study where workers’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS was measured through a French adaptation of the Brief HIV Knowledge Questionnaire.

Results:

Overall, the level of knowledge of participating workers was poor (81.9%). Working in a private company (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.0 [1.2–3.3]) and having previously tested for HIV/AIDS (aOR = 2.5 [1.5–4.3]) were associated with good knowledge level about HIV/AIDS.

Conclusion:

Our results highlight the importance of implementing different awareness and education strategies for workers.
The Historical and Source-Based Aspects of Studying Early Russian Silent Film Posters of 1908—1919
Authors: Mikhalkina Ekaterina M.
Published: May 2022

The Russian State Library holds one of the largest collections of Russian posters. Film posters from the time before the cinematography nationalization in 1919 are presented there in more than 250 sheets. Most of them advertise Russian films, more than a third — foreign ones, 25 sheets — documentary cinematography and newsreels of the Russian branch of the French firm “Pathé Brothers”.

Recently, there has been a growing researchers’ interest in this period. Active popularization is being carried out by holding exhibitions and publishing catalogs of the largest collections, this phenomenon is discussed in detail at the beginning of the article.

As well as cinematography, a film poster is a synthetic work. It represents a piece of graphic art, which is a commercial advertisement for another type of art. This research is aimed at studying film posters as a historical source that can tell us a lot: about characteristic social trends, about filmmaking as a process and about films themselves, about tendencies in the visual arts, about advertising of that period in general and about itself as a new type of advertising in particular.

The article shows the history of the film poster formation as a product of commercial advertising and its subsequent development into a separate type of spectacular poster. There is analyzed its potential as a source on the history of cinema. In conclusion, the film posters are presented as a reflection of the era and society, which reacts to fundamental changes in the country.
Engineering of Biological Systems for the Synthesis of Tailor-made Polyhydroxyalkanoates, a Class of Versatile Polymers
Authors: Kessler Birgit , Ren Qun , De Roo Guy , Prieto Maria A. , Witholt Bernard
Published: May 2022

Medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs) are bacterial polyesters which are produced in nature by certain Pseudomonas strains. These biopolymers are of interest because of their chirality, biodegradability and elastomeric property, while the 3-hydroxy acid monomers
are a potential source of chiral synthons. Since wild-type bacteria can only be used to a limited extent for the production of tailor-made functionalized PHAs, various recombinant bacteria have been generated in order to elucidate the PHA synthesis pathway and to control and modify the metabolic
carbon flux towards PHA synthesis. Production of PHAs with altered monomer composition and physical properties has already been achieved by pathway engineering. An alternative to the in vivo synthesis strategies using whole microorganisms is PHA synthesis in vitro with isolated
enzymes, which is of interest for incorporation of specific monomers that are not taken up or metabolized by bacterial cells. The various synthesis strategies are discussed in the context of the possible future production of tailor-made functionalized PHAs.
Liquid-Crystalline Dendrimers Based on Ferrocene and Fullerene
Authors: Chuard Thierry , Deschenaux Robert
Published: May 2022

We present the synthesis and liquid-crystalline properties of a second generation ferrocene-containing liquid-crystalline dendrimer, and the liquid-crystalline behavior of a second generation mixed fullerene-ferrocene liquid-crystalline dendrimer. Both compounds gave rise to smectic
A phases, which were identified by polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The liquid-crystalline behavior is determined by the cholesterol units which have been selected as mesomorphic promoters. Therefore, both compounds display similar liquid-crystalline properties.
Stimulus-Responsive Polymers for Bioseparation
Authors: Freitag Ruth , Costioli Matteo , Garret-Flaudy Frédéric
Published: May 2022

Affinity precipitation uses reversibly water-soluble affinity macroligands, i.e. stimulus-responsive polymers bearing one or several affinity ligands, to first capture and then co-precipitate a target molecule. Conventional, polymeric AML tend to suffer from a pronounced heterogeneity in both the structure of the polymer backbone and the affinity constants. In this paper a novel type of homogeneous, oligomeric AML is proposed, which carries one affinity ligand per AML in terminal position. The homogeneity of the AML translates into a very uniform precipitation behavior. Oligomeric AML-precursors prepared by chain or group transfer polymerization show a solubility, which is very similar to that reported previously for polymeric molecules of the same chemistry. Oligomers prepared by anionic polymerization are predominantly isotactic and show some deviations from this behavior. The affinity ligand is coupled to the oligomers via a reactive end group (e.g. an amino or carboxylic acid group) created during oligomer synthesis. An iminobiotin activated AML-precursor is used to recover avidin from a cell culture supernatant containing 5% FCS. Over 90% of the avidin are recovered in nearly pure form (residual protein contamination below the detection limit). This is one of the first purifications of a protein other than an enzyme by affinity precipitation with high yields. In a second example, the AML-precursor is activated by a single stranded DNA oligomer tag ((CTT)7) and used to purify double stranded DNA molecules by triple helix affinity precipitation.
Phage Display Libraries as a Source of Tumour-Targeting Agents
Authors: Viti Francesca , Pedrioli Patrick , Mitta Barbara , Neri Dario
Published: May 2022

One way to improve the therapeutic index of anti-cancer agents would be to target them to the tumour site, thereby sparing normal tissues. Tumour targeting approaches heavily rely on the availability of specific binding molecules, recognising markers which are selectively expressed
in the tumour environment. The display of antibody repertoires on the surface of filamentous phage, together with efficient selection-amplification schemes, allows the isolation of good-quality human antibodies against virtually any molecular target. This article illustrates how antibody phage
technology has been used in our laboratory for the isolation of tumour targeting agents. Furthermore, we present recent developments in the display of repertoires of small globular proteins on filamentous phage, aimed at the isolation of specific binding molecules with molecular weight <
10000 Dalton.
Polymers as a Platform for Drug Delivery: Reviewing our Current Portfolio on Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) Microspheres
Authors: Gander Bruno , Meinel Lorenz , Walter Elke , Merkle Hans P.
Published: May 2022

The chemical conjugation or the physical embodiment of therapeutic agents in polymers offers great potential to improve the efficacy and safety of therapies and create novel therapeutic opportunities. This has led to numerous concepts regarding the formulation, the delivery and the
targeting of therapeutics. Our current research portfolio in this field includes several projects. In all of them poly(lactide-co-glycolide), PLGA, varying in molecular weight and end-group modification, is used as a delivery platform. In this review we will firstly outline our concept
of single-injection vaccines. Instead of the application of repeated booster doses, such vaccines are designed to deliver the antigen in a pulsed or sustained fashion, in such a way that protective humoral and cellular immunity can be achieved after a single injection. In the second polymer-based
project we aim at the administration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), which bears great potential in tissue engineering, e.g. to enhance bone healing. Here we summarize on a PLGA microsphere system for the localized and controlled delivery of IGF-I in order to close bone defects
after fracture, pathology or surgery. In a third project we use this polymeric platform for the design of antigen-encoding DNA vaccines designed to preferentially target the most potent antigen presenting cells, i.e. the dendritic cells. Two prime objectives are currently being studied,
i) enhancement of phagocytosis of DNA-loaded PLGA microspheres by human-derived dendritic cells, and ii) release of intact plasmid DNA and concomitant transfection of dendritic cells once the PLGA microspheres were successfully phagocytosed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Crosslinked Microparticles for Drug Delivery
Authors: Dini Elpiniki , Alexandridou Sophia , Kiparissides Costas
Published: May 2022

Crosslinked chitosan and poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate) microparticles containing a hydrophilic bioactive material, hydroquinone, were synthesized by suspension crosslinking and suspension polymerization, respectively and were extensively characterized. The produced microparticles
had a spherical geometry and a smooth surface. The release rate of hydroquinone from the microparticles could be adjusted by varying the degree of polymer crosslinking as well as the initial polymer concentration. The degree of polymer swelling of the PHPMA microparticles could be properly
modified by suitable adjustment of the degree of polymer crosslinking and of the composition of the solvent.
Methodology For Robust Control Of Pressure For ε-Caprolactone Polymerization in a Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Choulak Samir , Couenne Françoise , Thomas Gerard , Cassagnau Philipe , Michel Alain
Published: May 2022

In this paper we present a control system based on robust control, which was developed for the regulation of the pressure gradient at the output of a die. In addition, to model the dynamics of the process, we have chosen a second order model with dead time and the identification of
dynamical parameters is performed by using the Marquard-Levenberg optimization method. However, to cover the entire range of operation, we were forced to consider two models. The results of the simulation obtained with the robust control are satisfactory.
The Influence of Branching Architecture on Scission in Modeling Free-Radical Polymerization with Long Chain Branching and Scission
Authors: Iedema Piet D. , Hoefsloot Huub C. J.
Published: May 2022

In modeling molecular weight (MWD) and degree of branching (DBD) distribution for radical polymerization systems, assumptions have to be made concerning the length and the number of branches of fragments from scission reactions. The linear-chain approximation with respect to scission
kinetics usually applied is shown to be incorrect. A new method is proposed based on a mechanistic model predicting architectures. It is shown that a simple short/long chain fragment scission assumption significantly changes the predicted MWD.
Le Laboratoire de Chimie Organique à I'EIA-FR
Authors: Bourgeois Jean-Marc
Published: May 2022

We describe some aspects of practical organic chemistry at the EIA-FR. To motivate the students, we let them carry out their laboratory work like research projects in synthetic organic chemistry. To provide some guide lines, we propose the following general reaction scheme: 2,6-di-(hydroxymethyl)-phenols are prepared and, after dehydration, brought to reaction with nucleophiles such as alcohols or activated aromatics. Within this reaction scheme, students start with the Reissert reaction to prepare substituted indols, which they will then try to connect to the 2,6-di-(hydroxymethyl)-phenols by substitution of the hydroxyl part.During this practical work we hope the students will learn how to observe, how to analyse and how to understand organic reactions. Furthermore we hope that through this kind of continued laboratory projects, the students will get a realistic impression of the facinating work of a synthetic organic chemist.
Porphobilinogen Synthase: A Challenge for the Chemist?
Authors: Stauffer Frédéric , Zizzari Eleonora , Soldermann-Pissot Carole , Faurite Jean-Philippe , Neier Reinhard
Published: May 2022

The initial steps in the biosynthesis of the tetrapyrrolic dyes, called the 'pigments of life', are highly convergent. The formation of porphobilinogen, the pyrrolic precursor of the tetrapyrrolic skeleton, uses δ-aminolevulinate as the starting material. This amino acid is dedicated to the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles. However, the chemical condensation of δ-aminolevulinate leads to a symmetric pyrazine. Attempts to imitate the biosynthesis using one of the proposed pathways for the biosynthesis of porphobilinogen as a guideline has allowed us to synthesize a protected precursor of porphobilinogen in an efficient way. Based on the two major proposals for the biosynthesis, a series of specifically synthesized inhibitors was also tested. The inhibition behavior and the potency of the inhibitors expressed as their Ki value has unraveled an interesting relationship between the structure of the inhibitor and the strength of its interaction with the active site. The concerted use of mechanistic analysis, synthesis and kinetic studies of inhibitors has increased our knowledge about the enzyme porphobilinogen synthase. Structural studies of enzyme-inhibitor complexes will hopefully complement the kinetic results accumulated so far.
Neu an der HTW Chur: Das Chemiestudium in Prozess- und Anlagentechnik eingebunden
Authors: Kaplan Andreas , Steffen Walter , Haiber Friedemann
Published: May 2022

The integration of the chemistry course into the department of process and systems engineering gives a broader and more practical education. The successful dual system of works experience in an industrial environment together with academic studies will continue.