bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paleoclimate science for the 21st century: a wishlist
Authors: Cobb Kim M.
Published: March 2020

The study of past climate trends, variability, and extremes has yielded unique insights into Earth’s changing climate, yet paleoclimate science must overcome a number of key challenges to maximize its utility in a century defined by accelerating climate change. First, the paleoclimate archive itself is at grave risk, given that i) many records end in the late 20th century, and no concerted efforts exist to extend them to the present-day, and ii) many paleoclimate archives are disappearing under continued climate change and other forms of human disturbance. Second, many paleoclimate records are comprised of oxygen isotopes, yet the coordinated, multi-scale observational and modeling infrastructures required to unravel the mechanisms governing water isotope variability are as yet underdeveloped. Lastly, in part owing to the aforementioned deficiencies, paleoclimate data assimilation efforts remain fraught with large uncertainties, despite their promise in constraining many aspects of future climate impacts, including extreme events and hydrological trends and variability. Paleoclimate science for the 21st century requires deep investments in the full integration of paleoclimate data and approaches into frameworks for climate risk and hazard assessments. In that sense, paleoclimate scientists will continue to play a key role in the communication of climate change science to key stakeholders, including the general public. Their understanding of the Earth system also equips them to contribute valuable insights to teams comprised of researchers, practitioners, and  decision-makers charged with leveraging science to inform solutions, in service to society.
Time of Emergence of anthropogenic deoxygenation and warming in the thermocline
Authors: Hameau Angélique , Frölicher Thomas , Mignot Juliette , Joos Fortunat
Published: March 2020

Multiple lines of evidence from observation- and model-based studies show that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions cause ocean warming and oxygen depletion, with adverse impacts on marine organisms and ecosystems.

Temperatures increase is a primary indicator for climate change. However, in the thermocline, changes in oxygen and other biogeochemical tracers might be detectable before warming (Hameau et al., 2019a).

Here, we compare the local time of emergence (ToE) of anthropogenic temperature and oxygen changes in the thermocline within an ensemble of Earth system model simulations from the CMIP5 dataset (Hameau et al., 2019b).

Generally, warming emerges from internal variability prior to changes in oxygen.

Yet, in 35$\pm$11\% of the global thermocline, anthropogenic deoxygenation is detectable before warming.

Earlier emergence of oxygen changes is typically related to decreasing trends in ventilation, which reduce the supply of oxygen-rich surface waters to the thermocline.

In addition, reduced ventilation slows the propagation of anthropogenic warming from the surface into the ocean interior, further contributing to the delayed emergence of warming compared to deoxygenation.

As the magnitude of simulated interval variability and of simulated anthropogenic changes vary considerably across models, we introduce the relative ToE metric. This reduces the inter-model spread, allowing for a better comparison among models.

Our results underline the importance of an ocean biogeochemical observing system and that the detection of anthropogenic impacts becomes more likely when using multi-tracer observations.
Extending the concept of background to soil gas: natural radon concentrations in soils of Campania region.
Authors: Albanese Stefano , Guarino Annalise , Zuzolo Daniela , Aruta Antonio , Cicchella Domenico , Iannone Antonio , Melito Raffaele , Verrilli Francesco , Gianvito Alessandro Fedele
Published: March 2020

Radon is an ubiquitous radioactive gas proceeding from the decay of some radionuclides, mostly abundant in igneous rock and volcanic soils; it is the main source of natural radiation to which human beings are exposed during their life. Campania, a region located on the south-western sector of the Italian peninsula, has a territory mostly characterized by the presence of volcanic lithotypes and sediments. 
An empirical method was applied to determine the concentration of Rn-222 in soils of Campania region by using radiometric  and compositional data recorded in two extensive different environmental prospecting campaigns completed in 2003 and 2015, respectively.

Radiometric surveys were carried out with a nominal density of 1 station per 5 sqkm with a GRS-500 portable scintillometer produced by Scintrex Ltd (Ontario, Canada); topsoil samples were collected at 3535 sites regularly spread across the whole regional area with a nominal density of 1 sample per sqkm. Samples destinated to chemical analyses were analysed by ICP-MS after an aqua regia digestion at the ACME Analytical Laboratories Ltd (now Bureau Veritas) in Vancouver, Canada.  

Specifically, the concentrations of  U, Th and K  in topsoil samples  and the activity (gamma radiation) generated by the decay of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 (expressed as Bq) at  each measurement station were used as proxies in order to determine the variation of Rn-222 flux from the ground and to estimate the distribution pattern of geogenic radon potential (GPR) across the region.

The use of a sequence of specific equations led to estimate the terrestrial gamma dose rate (nSv/h) at 1 m above the ground surface starting from both datasets and, therefore, allowed the generation of the Rn-222 flux and GPR maps for the whole regional territory.

Both Radon flux and GPR raster maps were produced by mean of some specific geospatial elaborations and the estimated values were compared among them and validated trough the completion of some field measurements.
Geoscientists as social and political actors
Authors: Peppoloni Silvia
Published: March 2020

Geoscientists are at the fare front of informing on and supporting society to face global anthropogenic changes, at all levels. This requires making excellent science, in the full awareness of one's role towards society.

Research integrity and professionalism are the bedrock on which the individual geoscientist can develop a deep sense of responsibility and build a functional science-society relationship, being conscious of the ethical obligations that this implies.

It is precisely within the dyad individual-society that the utmost ethical and social value of the activity of geoscientists is achieved, as in this context they assume at the same time the dual role of moral subjects and social actors, and consequently can realize the meaning of being active and responsible subjects in the service of the human beings.

In order to achieve this goal, each geoscientist should individually strengthen the perception of being: (a) a moral subject, therefore an agent consciously responsible for the own conduct and the ethical and social implications of own actions; (b) a social and political subject, who actively contributes to the construction of the idea of society, to the vision of its future, to its cultural and economic development, including the creation of a knowledge society based on the democratic value of shared responsibility.

Within the ethical framework of reference in which geoscientists are called to act, there is an indispensable prerequisite, that makes possible the responsible action and allows behaving ethically: individual freedom.

A cohesive, motivated, and responsible international geoscience community can assure a safe operating space to geoscientists and encourage them to follow best practices and ethical behaviours while conducting their activities, to qualify their work and recognize the value of a responsible action to counter abuses, intimidations and political pressures.

This cannot simply be entrusted to codes of ethics and/or conduct, but demands an intense ethical training for the geoscientists, that shows them the numerous circumstances and difficulties that each one might be called upon to face during the scientific and professional career.
The Rise of Geosciences in Asia: Challenges and Opportunities for Scientific Integrity
Authors: Higgitt David
Published: March 2020

The world’s scientific research hub has been steadily shifting eastwards over the past two decades. Annual R&D spending for the so called Asia-8 economies (China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand) overtook the EU in the mid-2000s. In the 13th five-year plan (2016-20), China committed to increase R&D spending by 35% by 2020.  In a demographic shift, the number of students from Asian countries in postgraduate education in science and engineering (both domestically and overseas) has grown rapidly.  Other metrics of research productivity, such as journal publication output, show very rapid growth from Asia and from China in particular.  While the big picture is encouraging, the burgeoning growth of science output from Asia imposes constraints on governance systems such as peer review and ethical oversight.  Asia is also a continent of diversity with a variety of national guidelines on scientific integrity, uneven access to resources between and within countries and keen competition to raise the profile of universities within league tables.  Within this context, Asia Oceania Geosciences Society was founded in 2003 to promote the application of geosciences for the benefit of humanity. In a region where natural hazards are prevalent, encouraging the sharing of understanding of risk management through scientific, social and technological means is important.  The challenges of scientific integrity are manifest in this diverse and rapidly growing sector but so too are the opportunities for harnessing research to benefit society.
Hierarchical Sensitivity Analysis for Large-scale Process-based Hydrological Modeling with Application in an Amazonian Watershed
Authors: Liu Haifan , Dai Heng , Niu Jie , Hu Bill X. , Qiu Han , Gui Dongwei , Ye Ming , Chen Xingyuan , Wu Chuanhao , Zhang Jin , Riley William
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Sensitivity analysis is an effective tool for identifying important uncertainty sources and improving model calibration and predictions, especially for integrated systems with heterogeneous parameter inputs and complex process coevolution. In this work, an advanced hierarchical global sensitivity analysis framework, which integrates the concept of variance-based global sensitivity analysis with a hierarchical uncertainty framework, was implemented to quantitatively analyse several uncertainties associated with a three-dimensional, process-based hydrologic model (PAWS). The uncertainty sources considered include model parameters (three vadose zone parameters, two groundwater parameters, and one overland flow parameter), model structure (different thicknesses to represent unconfined and confined aquifer layers) and climate scenarios. We apply the approach to an ~ 9,000 km2 Amazon catchment modeled at 1 km resolution to provide a demonstration of multiple uncertainty source quantification using a large-scale process-based hydrologic model. The sensitivity indices are assessed based on two important hydrologic outputs: evapotranspiration (ET) and groundwater contribution to streamflow (QG). It was found that, in general, parameters, especially the vadose zone parameters, are the most important uncertainty contributors for all sensitivity indices. In addition, the influence of climate scenarios on ET predictions is also nonignorable. Furthermore, the thickness of the aquifers along the river grid cells is important for both ET and QG. These results can assist in model calibration and provide modelers with a better understanding of the general sources of uncertainty in predictions associated with complex hydrological systems in Amazonia. We demonstrated a pilot example of comprehensive global sensitivity analysis of large-scale, complex hydrological and environmental models in this study. The hierarchical sensitivity analysis methodology used is mathematically rigorous and capable of being implemented in a variety of large-scale hydrological models with various sources of uncertainty.
The Impact of Human Capital on Stocks Performance in Emerging Markets: Evidence From Egypt
Authors: Abouzeid Walid , Aly Sharihan Mohamed
Published: March 2020

This study attempts to investigate the impact of human capital on the common stock's return. The population of the study is Egyptian companies listed at the Egyptian exchange (EGX) due to 2014-2018. The statistical results indicate that there is a general tendency to change common stock's hold return to the corporation's human capital, and it is significant at 0.01 levels. In other terms, it can be stated that the corporation's human capital has a significant impact on common stock's hold return in the Egyptian corporation, and according to Adjusted R-squared the corporation's human capital explain a 57.8% from the change common stock's hold return.so; led to the impact of human capital on creating value of common stock. This can be traced back to investing in "the development and researches" on the other hand besides training, therefore medicine and technology companies get affected through these fields of development researches areas; however companies in industrial and banking sector get impacted by training field.
Effective Corporate Income Tax Rates: Southern and Northern Economies of the European Union
Authors: Balios Dimitris , Eriotis Nikolaos , Tantos Stefanos , Vasiliou Dimitrios
Published: March 2020

In the present study, we attempt to investigate the determinants of the effective corporate tax rate of companies of the European Union (EU) discriminating between northern and southern economies. We adopt in our analysis the period after the outbreak of the crisis in the Eurozone up today including some years before 2009 in the assessed period. Our empirical investigation is based on three alternative approaches to effective income tax rate based on accounting information. We investigate the determinants of ECITR assessing two sub-samples of firms from all the aforementioned industrial sectors for 16 member countries of Europe. The first sub-sample consists of firms from 12 member countries of "North" European Union and the second sub-sample consists of firms from 4 member countries of "South" European Union. The analysis covers the period 2004-2016. Estimation results point out that the effective corporate income tax rate is variously affected by firm-specific determining factors for both northern and southern economies. The relation between ECITR and determining factors is ascertained to be less significant (sensitive) during the pre-crisis period in comparison with the respective empirical findings after the outburst of the economic crisis in the European Union. Empirical findings indicate that effective corporate income tax rate is more vulnerable to financial leverage for southern economies in comparison to the northern economies signaling financing structure differences between the two EU-country groups. Finally, there is evidence that there is an indisputable and positive coexistence between business profitability and tax burden.
Combined Zircon, Molybdenite, and Cassiterite Geochronology and Cassiterite Geochemistry of the Kuntabin Tin-Tungsten Deposit in Myanmar
Authors: Mao Wei , Zhong Hong , Yang Jiehua , Tang Yanwen , Liu Liang , Fu Yazhou , Zhang Xingchun , Sein Kyaing , Aung Soe Myint , Li Jie , Zhang Le
Published: March 2020

The Kuntabin Sn-W deposit, located in southern Myanmar, is characterized by abundant greisen-type and quartz vein-type cassiterite and wolframite mineralization. We have conducted multiple geochronological methods and isotope and trace element analyses to reveal the age and evolution of the Kuntabin magmatichydrothermal system.

Zircon U-Pb dating of the two-mica granite yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 90.1 ± 0.7 Ma. Cassiterite U-Pb dating provided a lower intercept age of 88.1 ± 1.9 Ma in the Tera-Wasserburg U-Pb concordia diagram. Molybdenite Re-Os dating returned a weighted mean model age of 87.7 ± 0.5 Ma and an isochron age of 88.7 ± 2.7 Ma. These ages indicate a genetic relationship between granite and Sn-W mineralization in the Kuntabin deposit and record the earliest magmatism and Sn-W mineralization in the Sibumasu and Tengchong terranes related to subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic slab. Three generations of cassiterite have been identified with distinctive cathodoluminescence textures and trace element patterns, indicating the episodic input of ore-forming fluids and distinctive changes in the physical-chemical conditions of the Kuntabin magmatichydrothermal system. Sudden changes of fluid pressure, temperature, pH, etc., may have facilitated the deposition of Sn and W. Rhenium contents of molybdenite from the Kuntabin deposit and many other Sn-W deposits in Myanmar are characteristically low compared to porphyry Cu-Mo-(Au) deposits worldwide. In combination with zircon Hf isotope signatures, we infer that granites associated with Sn-W deposits in Myanmar were predominantly derived by melting of ancient continental crust and contain minimal mantle contribution.

Subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic slab from west of the West Burma terrane reached beneath the Sibumasu terrane and led to magmatism and Sn-W mineralization at ~90 Ma when the Kuntabin deposit was formed. The Paleoproterozoic Sibumasu crust was activated during the subduction-related magmatism to form predominantly crust derived melts. After a high degree of fractional crystallization and fluid exsolution, physical-chemical changes of the hydrothermal fluid resulted in Sn and W precipitation to form the Kuntabin Sn-W deposit.
Twitter na educação: pesquisando nas e com as redes sociais digitais
Authors: Ozório Gabriela Gonçalves , Santos Edmea dos
Published: March 2020

Este artigo é parte integrante da pesquisa sobre Redes Sociais Digitais na Educação realizada pelo GPDOC – Grupo de Pesquisa Docência e Cibercultura, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PROPED) da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ. O objetivo deste texto é apresentar uma contribuição para a temática Redes Sociais na Educação, tendo como objeto de estudo o Twitter, um software de microblog que vem estruturando redes sociais e de aprendizagem na internet. Neste trabalho, apresentamos o Twitter não só como um software social, mas também como um campo fecundo de pesquisa e formação. Para tal, optamos pela abordagem multirreferencial (ARDOINO, 1998) com imersão na interface, tendo como dados os tweets publicados por alguns dos mais importantes pesquisadores da área da Cibercultura, nos meses de outubro/novembro de 2010. Para analisá-los, as pesquisadoras realizaram uma leitura interpretativa das mensagens, a fim de perceber significados e recorrências, que constituíram as noções subsunçoras, apresentadas aqui como categorias representativas desses usos (MACEDO, 2008). São elas: o uso do Twitter para a comunicação entre sujeitos geograficamente dispersos, o uso para tornar público os relatos do cotidiano, o uso como filtro de informação e o uso para discussão sobre temas específicos. A partir destes usos, entendemos que o Twitter pode estruturar processos de construção colaborativa do conhecimento por meio de algumas potencialidades comunicacionais da interface, dentre as quais podemos citar: a comunicação multidirecional, o compartilhamento de informação e a constituição de comunidades.
Tribological properties and metallurgical characteristics of different diffusion layers formed on steel
Authors: Senatorski Jan , Tacikowski Jan , Mączyński Paweł
Published: March 2020

The article presents results of investigations of wear resistance by friction, employing the “3 cylinder-cone” method, of selected structural and tool steels, subjected to given thermo-chemical treatment, i.e. boriding, carburizing, nitriding, chromizing and titanizing. It was observed that a proportionality exists between their wear resistance and the value of surface unit loading. Moreover, the friction-wear properties of these layers exhibited certain differences, dependent on their microstructure and chemistry.
Resisting the Power of Curators and the Professional Art Class
Authors: Moreno Dafne del Carmen
Published: March 2020

A student essay for the Special Student Issue of the Journal of Extreme Anthropology accompanying the art exhibition 'Artist's Waste, Wasted Artists', which opened in Vienna on the 19th of September 2017 and was curated by the students of social anthropology at the University of Vienna. This essay focuses critically on the role of curators and 'art explainors' in determining what is art and what is worthy of our attention and argues that we should resist this infantilization of the audiences by the professional art class.
Obravnava nosečnic glede na tip RhD
Authors: Jerina Janja , Železnik Klara , Dovč Drnovšek Tadeja , Bricl Irena
Published: March 2020

Natančna opredelitev antigena (Ag) RhD (D) je pomembna pri nosečnicah, prejemnikih transfuzij in krvodajalcih. Glede na tip D se pri nosečnicah odločamo o pred- in poporodni zaščiti z imunoglobulinom anti-D (Ig anti-D). Glede na določitev Ag D lahko posameznike razvrstimo med D-pozitivne (D-poz) ali D-negativne (D-neg), obstajajo pa tudi številne druge različice Ag D (variante D, D-var). Variantni aleli gena RHD (D) lahko nosijo zapis za različne oblike proteina D, razdelimo jih lahko na šibke, parcialne in Del. Ag D določamo s serološkimi metodami, v primeru nejasnosti si pomagamo z molekularnobiološkimi metodami za določitev gena D. Dokončno opredelitev D-var podamo na podlagi molekularnobioloških metod.Nosečnicam smo iz vzorcev periferne venske krvi določili Ag D na ploščici (reagent Seraclone anti-D) in na gelu (testni sistem z gelskimi karticami DiaClon ABO/D + Reverse Grouping, monoclonal antibodies, Bio-Rad, Nemčija, s katerimi ne zaznamo krvne skupine D kategorija VI). 49 nosečnicam smo opravili razširjeno serološko testiranje KS D (komercialni set ID-Partial RhD Typing Set, Bio-Rad, Nemčija). Nadaljevali smo z molekularnobiološkimi metodami: osamitev DNA (uporaba aparata BioRobot EZ1 in komercialnega set EZ1 DNA Blood 350 μl Kit, Qiagen, Nemčija), določitev genotipa D z metodo PCR-SSP (komercialni seti RBC-Ready Gene CDE, RBC-Ready Gene D weak in RBC-Ready Gene D AddOn, Inno-Train; Nemčija), pomnoževanje (aparat Veriti, Apllied BioSystems, ZDA), ločevanje produktov (elektroforezni system, BioRad, ZDA) na agaroznem gelu (Sigma, Nemčija).Ugotovili smo, da so šibke oblike D predstavljale 41 primerov (83,7 %), parcialne oblike D pa 8 primerov (16,3 %) vseh D-var. Najpogostejša oblika D-var med nosečnicami je bila šibki D tip 1 s 17 primeri (34,7 %), sledil je šibki D tip 3 s 13 primeri (26,5 %) in šibki D tip 2 z 10 primeri (20,4 %). Najpogostejša parcialna oblika D je bila D kategorija VII s 5 primeri (10,2 %).Nosečnice in prejemnike transfuzij, ki so nosilci šibkih D tipa 1, 2 ali 3, lahko varno obravnavamo kot D-poz, nosilce vseh ostalih D-var pa kot D-neg. Krvodajalce z D-var obravnavamo kot D-poz. S tem algoritmom lahko preprečimo približno 172 nepotrebnih aplikacij Ig anti-D letno in ohranjamo tudi primerne zaloge D-neg eritrocitnih komponent krvi.
Rak ustnega predela v Sloveniji v letih 1985–2014
Authors: Blatnik Jona , Zadnik Vesna , Artnik Barbara
Published: March 2020

Izhodišče: Rak ustnega predela zajema področja ustnice, ustne votline in ustnega dela žrela in v Sloveniji predstavlja eno najpogostejših malignih bolezni. Namen raziskave je bil prikazati breme raka ustnega predela v tridesetletnem obdobju (1985–2014) v Sloveniji.Metode: Iz baze podatkov Registra raka Republike Slovenije smo pridobili podatke (incidenca, preživetje) o vseh primerih raka ustno-žrelnega predela (C00–C14) v letih 1985–2014. Analizo bremena raka ustnega predela smo pripravili za tri osnovna primarna mesta: ustnico (C00.0–2), ustno votlino (C00.3–9, C02.0–3 in C02.8–9, C03, C04, C05.0 in C05.8–9, C06) in ustni del žrela (C01, C02.4, C05.1–2, C09, C10). Časovne trende števila novih primerov raka po posameznem mestu smo prikazali v obliki deleža povprečne letne spremembe grobe incidenčne stopnje.Rezultati: Pridobili smo podatke o 9.442 primerih raka ustno-žrelnega predela za obdobje 1985–2014. V končno analizo smo vključili vse primere raka ustnega predela (N = 7.190). Med preiskovanci je bilo 83,4 % moških in 16,6 % žensk. Povprečna starost preiskovancev ob postavitvi diagnoze je bila 59,8 let ± 11,3. Največ primerov raka ustnice je v starostni skupini nad 80 let, največ primerov raka ustne votline in ustnega dela žrela pa v starostni skupini 55–59 let. Pri vseh treh skupinah raka je večji delež moških kot žensk. Največ primerov raka ustnice odkrijemo v omejenem stadiju, največ raka ustne votline in ustnega dela žrela v razširjenem stadiju. Najboljše je preživetje bolnikov z rakom ustnice, najslabše pri bolnikih z rakom ustnega dela žrela. Tridesetletni časovni trend raka prikazuje upadanje števila primerov raka ustnice, nasprotno pa število primerov raka ustne votline in ustnega dela žrela narašča.Zaključek: Rak ustnega predela je eden pomembnejših javnozdravstvenih, socialnih in ekonomskih problemov sodobne družbe. Zgodnje odkrivanje raka prispeva k izboljšanju preživetja in h kakovosti življenja bolnikov, zato je potrebno še posebno pozornost posvečati obvladovanju te bolezni.
Radiološka obravnava okužb globokih vratnih prostorov
Authors: Šurlan Popović Katarina , Jerele Cene
Published: March 2020

Okužbe globokih vratnih prostorov kljub široki uporabi antibiotikov pogosto lahko pomenijo življenje ogrožajoča stanja. Pri otrocih najpogosteje nastanejo kot posledica predrtja vnetno spremenjene bezgavke, pri odraslih pa zaradi zobnih okužb in različnih vnetij v področju vratu. Globoke okužbe vratu se lahko širijo vzdolž prečnih in navpičnih vratnih prostorov, pri čemer lahko zajamejo zgornja dihala in prebavila, kjer povzročijo hude zaplete.Zgodnje prepoznavanje in ustrezna diagnoza sta tako ključna za ustrezno obravnavo in pravilen izbor zdravljenja.Zaradi pogosto zabrisanih znakov okužbe so radiološke preiskovalne metode ključne pri odkrivanju izvora okužbe, oceni razširjenosti okužbe in oceni prehoda vnetnega celulitisa v absces. Slikovno preiskovalni metodi izbire sta CT in MRI s kontrastnim sredstvom, v določenih okoliščinah tudi UZ.Namen tega preglednega članka je predstaviti radiološko obravnavo okužb globokih vratnih prostorov. Opisane so okužbe posameznih vratnih prostorov z ustreznimi diagnostičnimi postopki. Članek bo pomagal radiologom pri razlikovanju med posameznimi vrstami in pri zgodnejšem prepoznavanju okužb globokih vratnih prostorov.
Dedne bulozne epidermolize, oskrba ran in nove možnosti zdravljenja
Authors: Zemljič-Jokhadar Špela , Dragoš Vlasta , Liovic Mirjana
Published: March 2020

Bulozna epidermoliza (EB) je dedna bolezen krhkosti kože, povezana z mutacijami 18 različnih genov, ki se izražajo v koži. Zaradi raznovrstnosti simptomov se razvršča v 4 osnovne tipe s 30 različnimi podtipi. Osnovni tipi EB so razdeljeni glede na plast kože, ki je z mutacijo prizadeta: EB simpleks, ki je vezana na epidermis, junkcijska EB, ki je vezana na bazalno membrano, ter distrofična EB, ki je vezana na dermis. Poznamo še Kindlerjev sindrom, ki je izredno redka oblika te bolezni. Pri vseh primerih je koža bolnikov zelo krhka, zato so osnovni simptomi mehurji in odprte rane, ki se težko celijo. Bolezen prizadene bolnike telesno in duševno, kronični vnetni procesi pa pogosto povzročijo nastanek agresivnih oblik ploščatoceličnega karcinoma kože. Gre za skupino redkih bolezni z incidenco okoli 1 : 40.000. V Sloveniji imamo 60 bolnikov z EB. V članku predstavljamo trenutno uveljavljen način oskrbe kroničnih ran bolnikov z EB in pregled najnovejših in najsodobnejših genetskih, regenerativnih in farmakoloških pristopov za razvoj načina zdravljenja te še vedno neozdravljive bolezni.
Kommentar til Janne Flyghed
Authors: Träskman Per Ole
Published: March 2020

Kommentar til Janne Flyghed
Anmeldelse af Jean-Paul Brodeur: The Policing Web
Authors: Larsson Paul
Published: March 2020

Review of Jean-Paul Brodeur: The Policing Web
Anmeldelse af Vagn Greve: Statens penge. Statens straf. Den danske fiskalstrafferets historie 1732-1932.
Authors: Häthén Christian
Published: March 2020

Review of Vagn Greve: Statens penge. Statens straf. Den danske fiskalstrafferets historie 1732-1932.
Anmeldelse af Thomas Ugelvik: Fangenes friheter. Makt och motstand i et norsk fengsel.
Authors: Tolvanen Matti
Published: March 2020

Review of Thomas Ugelvik: Fangenes friheter. Makt och motstand i et norsk fengsel.
Nordisk Kriminalistmøte 2013
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Nordisk Kriminalistmøte 2013
Straff och andra påföljder för miljöbrott i Finland
Authors: Numella Heidi
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Strenge straffer for miljøkriminalitet i Norge
Authors: Høviskeland Hans Tore
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Anmeldelse af Elisabeth Myhre Lie: I forkant. Kriminalitetsforebyggende politiarbeid.
Authors: Levander Marie Torstensson
Published: March 2020

Review of Elisabeth Myhre Lie: I forkant. Kriminalitetsforebyggende politiarbeid.
Anmeldelse af Ann-Christine Petersson Hjelm: Fängelset som välfärdsbygge
Authors: Smith Peter Scharff
Published: March 2020

Review of Ann-Christine Petersson Hjelm: Fängelset som välfärdsbygge
Anmeldelse af Petter Asp: Sex och samtycke
Authors: Holmboe Morten
Published: March 2020

Review of Petter Asp: Sex och samtycke
Anmeldelse af Alf Petter Høgberg, Trond Eirik Schea og Runar Torgersen (red.): Rettssikker radikaler. Festskrift til Ståle Eskeland 70 år
Authors: Garde Peter
Published: March 2020

Review of Alf Petter Høgberg, Trond Eirik Schea og Runar Torgersen (red.): Rettssikker radikaler. Festskrift til Ståle Eskeland 70 år
“Give them a chance!” The social representation of the counsellor’s institutional role in prison-based drug treatment programmes in Finland.
Authors: Tourunen Jouni , Kaskela Teemu
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
»Med et fingerknips« – overførsler af indsatte mellem danske fængsler,
Authors: Minke Linda Kjær , Gottrup Rikke
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Anmeldelse af Lisa Westfelt: Migration som straff? Utvisning på grund av brott 1973-2003 med fokus på flyktingskydd
Authors: Suominen Annika Elisabet
Published: March 2020

Review of Lisa Westfelt: Migration som straff? Utvisning på grund av brott 1973-2003 med fokus på flyktingskydd.
Anmeldelse af Patrycja Szarek-Mason: The European Union’s Fight Against Corruption. The Evolving Policy Towards Member States and Candidate Countries
Authors: Langsted Lars Bo
Published: March 2020

Review of Patrycja Szarek-Mason: The European Union’s Fight Against Corruption. The Evolving Policy Towards Member States and Candidate Countries
Anmeldelse af Eivind Kolflaath: Bevisbedømmelse i praksis
Authors: Frände Dan
Published: March 2020

Review of Eivind Kolflaath: Bevisbedømmelse i praksis
Nekrolog: Hanns von Hofer 1944-2014
Authors: Tham Henrik
Published: March 2020

In memory of Hanns von Hofer (1944-2014)
Kriminalitet og retsbevidsthed - i Grønland
Authors: Balvig Flemming
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
De nordiske kriminalistforeninger 2014
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Årsberetning fra de nordiske kriminalistforeninger 2014
Indhold 2014
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Indhold anno 2014
Personundersøgelser mellem forskning og praksis - samarbejdets muligheder
Authors: Johansen Louise Victoria , Esdorf Annette
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Fengsel eller frihet: Noe om reaksjonsvalg i norsk strafferett
Authors: Holmboe Morten
Published: March 2020

The grounds for a given society's punishment of offenders has a long history of discussion. In Norway, deterrence is seen as the basis for the criminal justice system - both in general and as a guide in choosing between types of punishment in concrete cases. General deterrence theory suggests that people might abstain from crime either because of an assessment of its potential risks or because the use of punishment leads to a general habit of obeying the law - and that people rest assured that justice is done, leading to a sense of safety in society. If a person charged has made a complete confession, the court shall take this into account when passing sentence. The rule is designed to encourage the guilty to confess, but it is possible that innocent defendants are sometimes tempted to confess in order to avoid harsher punishments.When a fine is imposed, a sentence of imprisonment is executed if the fine is not paid on time. The authorities begin by trying to get the money from the defendant's legal assets. Seventy-seven percent of the defendants who are supposed to go to prison pay the fine. Does the money come from friends and relatives or from crime?In 2010, the punishments for several types of crime were increased. Given the theory of deterrence, it would be reasonable to assume that legislators hoped that longer sentences would lead to less crime. Yet when assessing the need for more prisons, there is no discussion of the value of deterrence. The theory of general deterrence is also applied in concerete cases. In certain types of cases there are established guidelines for when to apply prison. Nonetheless, general deterrence has been given different weight in comparable areas, e.g. fraud against insurance companies versus fraud against the social services. Certain rules concerning the rights of the convict are based on the kind of punishment (prison or not) that was meted out, e.g. the right to inheritance or insurance. Since a defendant's personal situation can have a considerable bearing on punishment, I question whether the rules should be more flexible.
En opplyst samtale: Om rettsvitenskapens oppgaver i kriminalpolitikken
Authors: Holmboe Morten
Published: March 2020

English title: Title in English: An enlightened public discourse: On the tasks of legal research regarding criminal politicsWhat are the primary tasks of legal research regarding the politics of crime? Political decisions on crime are decided and executed by politicians, the courts and administrators. Researchers should not avoid politically hot issues, but must take care not to let their political sympathies influence their statements when they give opinions qua legal experts. Academic freedom implies a duty for researchers to take part in enlightened public debates.
En ny offerposisjon? Om styrkede rettigheter for fornærmede i straffesaker
Authors: Dullum Jane
Published: March 2020

English title:  A new position for the victim? On the strengthening of victims’ rights in the penal process in NorwayA few decades ago, victims of domestic violence were relatively invisible in the penal process in Norway. Today, new penalties are implemented to fight domestic violence, and penalties have been increased. At the same time, there has been a growing critique of the use of legal strategies to fight domestic violence. The most profound critique has been that the penal system does not care for the victim. To protect the victim, victims’ rights in the judicial process have thus been strengthened, e.g., the right to a lawyer; to attain information; to be present in the courtroom; to participate in the proceedings. The current article discusses the extent to which these new rights actually strengthen the position of victims of domestic violence.
Kriminalitetsprofiler i en dansk retspsykiatrisk population – udfordringer for psykiatriens kriminalitetsforebyggende opgave?
Authors: Stølan, Raben, Sørensen, Brandt-Christensen, Møllerhøj Diverse:
Published: March 2020

English title: Typologies of crime committed by mentally disordered offenders: A challenge to the statutory task in hospital psychiatry of preventing recidivism to criminal actsThe aim of the study is to identify and describe a number of characteristics among a selected sample of mentally disordered offenders referred to a specialized forensic assertive community treatment team in Copenhagen (n=181). Looking at a number of variables, the study identifies a heavily burdened patient population in terms of social marginalization, serious mental illness, and criminal acts. Having identified a huge variety and number of typologies of criminal acts, we argue that the task of preventing recidivism to new crime not clear among mental health professionals. Furthermore, it proves difficult to prevent crime when the typologies of crime are diverse and widespread. It is one thing is to prevent violent crimes closely related to an actual psychotic mental state and quite another to prevent drug crimes or property crimes not so obviously related to a mental disorder. The article concludes that we need to increase our knowledge and awareness of risk and protective factors specifically related to criminal recidivism and improve cooperation between hospital psychiatry, social services and probation services.
Multiple perspectives on imprisonment in Europe
Authors: Kjær Minke m.fl. Diverse:
Published: March 2020

There are currently over 1.6 million prisoners in Europe and conditions in European prisons vary widely. The European Society of Criminology’s Working Group on Prison Life and the Effects of Imprisonment was established in 2010. The Working Group consists of scholars from over 20 countries who aim to encourage prison research in Europe. These academics meet twice per year to discuss a variety of prison-related topics. The current article reviews some of the contributions to the Working Group’s meeting in Denmark in April 2016. It describes a broad selection of contemporary research on various aspects of the unique prison contexts found in different European countries. The contributions highlight a range of opportunities to improve conditions of confinement and to reduce recidivism after release.
Empirisk forskning om domstolar i Finland
Authors: Sutela Mika
Published: March 2020

The subject of my article-based dissertation in law was decision-making in the general courts of Finland. My research aimed to describe how uniform decisionmaking is in the Finnish courts. With regard to district courts convictions of  gravateddrunk driving were the main focus of my study. The results show that there are regional differences in the sentences. Results are based on empirical legal research that draws on aspects of criminal and procedural law as well as criminology. Prior to this, only a few empirical studies had been conducted in Finland that focused on the courts and other criminal sanctioning systems. In the current dissertation, the equality and predictability of judicial decision-making at the international level where the influence of legal and extra-legal factors, e.g., offender age, on sentencing is explored. At a more theoretical level, the dissertation reflects the research tradition of legal realism. Empirical legal research will play an increasingly important role in the future. It can increase both equality before the law, as well as the transparency of decision-making and confidence in the judicial process. Data on, e.g., punishments meted out by the courts, should be kept as current as possible since information on the functioning of the legal system is important. Empirical court research provides a unique basis for discussing levels of punishment. The functioning of the legal system has a major impact on society. Empirical data, including statistics, provide a good basis for a wide range of research.1.
Maskulinitetsperspektiv på kriminologiens kjerneområder: Kontroll, ofre og kriminalitet
Authors: Jon Nina Irene
Published: March 2020

The aim of this article is to render visible and problematise conceptions and norms for performing masculinity within criminology. Approaching crime and crime control from a gendered perspective is highly relevant: Crime and punishmentare historically among the most gendered fields in society, predominantly inhabited by men. While the relation between crime and masculinity was actually addressed by some of the subcultural theorists in the 1950s (see e.g., Cohen 1955, Bloch and Niederhoffer 1958, Kvaraceus and Miller 1959, Cloward & Ohlin 1960), criminology as such has by and large remained a gender-blind discipline. The article focuses on the impact a gender perspective can have on the core areas of criminology: control, victimization and crime.
Fra novice til oldtimer – domsmandsrollen som læringsproces
Authors: Johansen Louise Victoria
Published: March 2020

Jury systems rest on the notion that not only specialized judges, but also “ordinary” people should judge defendants. Lay judges are supposed to contribute with their mundane, common sense, untouched by legal reasoning and knowledge.These ideals are also prevalent in Denmark. However, Danish lay judges are appointed for a four-year period and may even serve several periods. The present paper analyses how the repeated participation of newly appointed lay judges in Danish criminal cases changes the way they perceive their own role, as well as their perception of what constitutes relevant knowledge in a case. Over time, there is a tendency to learn and apply a way of reasoning that is closer to the court and its codes than it is to their own everyday life. In this way, the nature of their participation as “lay judges” is challenged.
Duften af frihed i det åbne fængsel – en analyse af hvordan det opleves at afsone i et åbent fængsel
Authors: Andersen Marie Herping
Published: March 2020

Sociological interest in prisons has traditionally focused on common features with most attention paid to the more restrictive and closed prison regimes (Liebling 2004; Crewe 2007). This has changed over the last 10 years in part becauseof John Pratt’s publication of his two-part article, “Scandinavian exceptionalism in an era of penal excess”. The shift has led to an interest in the qualitative differences that characterise different kinds of prison regimes and has createdan awareness of the fact that a prison is not just a prison (Crewe 2011; Crewe, Liebling & Hulley 2014). The current article concerns the open prison, a regime that plays a big role in the Nordic countries. In the article, I investigate how inmates experience the transition from closed to open prison regimes, and how it feels to serve time in a regime without prison walls. In addition, I explore the ways in which inmates experience their possibilities for taking part in life outside the walls. The empirical foundation is based on interviews and a six-month period of fieldwork in a Danish open prison.
Sinnslidende mannlige landssvikere i Norge
Authors: Christensen Ragnar
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Ett kriminalstatistikens under
Authors: Verkko Veli
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Norske straffedommer 1951
Authors: Leivestad Trygve
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Monstre, visst fins de
Authors: Larsson Paul
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Dödligt våld i Sverige och andra europeiska länder 1500-1800
Authors: Kaspersson Maria
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Otken Peter , Brøbech Birgitte , Larsson Paul , Nielsen Beth Grothe , Garde Peter , Storgaard Anette , Hansen Helén Örnemark
Published: March 2020

Book review
Boganmeldelser
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Reviews from Tor-Geir Myhrer, Aija Kaartinen, Guri Larsen, Peter Kruize, Paul Larsson and Maria Libak Pedersen.
Sentervekternes polisiære fullmakter - Grunnlag og grenser
Authors: Myhrer Tor-Geir
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
De nordiske rettsbevisthettsundersøkelsene - noen metodekritiske betraktninger
Authors: Olaussen Leif Petter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Greve Vagn , Garde Peter
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
De nordiske kriminalistforeninger 2011
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Årsberetning fra de nordiske kriminalistforeninger 2011
100 års nordisk kriminalpolitik. Indlæg ved Svensk Kriminalistforenings 100-års jubilæum.
Authors: Kyvsgaard Britta
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Eventbetjentuddannelsen - en forskningsbaseret uddannelse i dialogbaseret håndtering af masseforsamlinger
Authors: Havelund Jonas , Rasmussen Kristian , Joern Lise
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Osynliga offer: Identifiering av människohandel som hänför sig till sexuellt utnuttjande
Authors: Roth Venla
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Ekonomisk brottslighet; tur och retur
Authors: Korsell Lars
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Reglering som policyfråga: En diskussion om regleringens effekter vid ekonomisk brottslighet
Authors: Alalehto Tage
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Expanding the utility of the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model to induce a clinically relevant loss of intestinal barrier function
Authors: Cochran Kyle E. , Lamson Nicholas G. , Whitehead Kathryn A.
Published: March 2020

Background

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a family of debilitating disorders that affects more than 1 million people in the United States. Many animal studies of IBD use a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model of colitis that induces rapid and severe colitis symptoms. Although the typical seven-day DSS model is appropriate for many studies, it destroys intestinal barrier function and results in intestinal permeability that is substantially higher than what is typically observed in patients. As such, therapies that enhance or restore barrier integrity are difficult or impossible to evaluate.

Methods

We identify administration conditions that result in more physiologically relevant intestinal damage by systematically varying the duration of DSS administration. We administered 3.0% DSS for four to seven days and assessed disease metrics including weight, fecal consistency, intestinal permeability, spleen weight, and colon length. Histology was performed to assess the structural integrity of the intestinal epithelium.

Results

Extended exposure (seven days) to DSS resulted in substantial, unrecoverable loss of intestinal structure and intestinal permeability increases of greater than 600-fold. Attenuated DSS administration durations (four days) produced less severe symptoms by all metrics. Intestinal permeability increased only 8-fold compared to healthy mice, better recapitulating the 2–18 fold increases in permeability observed in patients. The attenuated model retains the hallmark properties of colitis against which to compare therapeutic candidates. Our results demonstrate that an attenuated DSS colitis model obtains clinically relevant increases in intestinal permeability, enabling the effective evaluation of therapeutic candidates that promote barrier function.