bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Past and present giant viruses diversity explored through permafrost metagenomics
Authors: Rigou Sofia , Santini Sébastien , Abergel Chantal , Claverie Jean-Michel , Legendre Matthieu
Published: October 2022

Giant viruses are abundant in aquatic environments and ecologically important through the metabolic reprogramming of their hosts. Less is known about giant viruses from soil even though two of them, belonging to two different viral families, were reactivated from 30,000-y-old permafrost samples. This suggests an untapped diversity of Nucleocytoviricota in this environment. Through permafrost metagenomics we reveal a unique diversity pattern and a high heterogeneity in the abundance of giant viruses, representing up to 12% of the sum of sequence coverage in one sample. Pithoviridae and Orpheoviridae-like viruses were the most important contributors. A complete 1.6 Mb Pithoviridae-like circular genome was also assembled from a 42,000-y-old sample. The annotation of the permafrost viral sequences revealed a patchwork of predicted functions amidst a larger reservoir of genes of unknown functions. Finally, the phylogenetic reconstructions not only revealed gene transfers between cells and viruses, but also between viruses from different families.
Enhancement of single upconversion nanoparticle imaging by topologically segregated core-shell structure with inward energy migration
Authors: Zhang Yanxin , Wen Rongrong , Hu Jialing , Guan Daoming , Qiu Xiaochen , Zhang Yunxiang , Kohane Daniel S. , Liu Qian
Published: October 2022

Manipulating topological arrangement is a powerful tool for tuning energy migration in natural photosynthetic proteins and artificial polymers. Here, we report an inorganic optical nanosystem composed of NaErF4 and NaYbF4, in which topological arrangement enhanced upconversion luminescence. Three architectures are designed for considerations pertaining to energy migration and energy transfer within nanoparticles: outside-in, inside-out, and local energy transfer. The outside-in architecture produces the maximum upconversion luminescence, around 6-times brighter than that of the inside-out at the single-particle level. Monte Carlo simulation suggests a topology-dependent energy migration favoring the upconversion luminescence of outside-in structure. The optimized outside-in structure shows more than an order of magnitude enhancement of upconversion brightness compared to the conventional core-shell structure at the single-particle level and is used for long-term single-particle tracking in living cells. Our findings enable rational nanoprobe engineering for single-molecule imaging and also reveal counter-intuitive relationships between upconversion nanoparticle structure and optical properties.
The clinical significance of preoperative serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Zhupeng , Xu Jianfeng , Feng Weizhong , Ma Zhifeng , Wu Yuanling , Zhu Ting , Xu Peng , Dong Lingjun , Ding JianYi , Zhou Junqing , Yu Guangmao
Published: October 2022

To evaluate the prognostic role of the preoperative plasma lipid profile, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) who underwent complete resection. Clinical data, including preoperative plasma profile levels, were retrospectively collected and reviewed in 300 patients with LUSC who underwent radical lung resection between 2016 and 2017. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. TG ≤ 1.35, HDL-C ≤ 1.17, and LDL-C ≤ 2.32 were deemed as independent preoperative risk factors for OS, and HDL-C ≤ 1.17 was an independent preoperative risk factor for DFS. In the multivariate analyses involving OS and DFS, a decreased HDL-C level was significantly associated with worse OS (HR, 0.546; 95% CI, 0.380–0.784, P = 0.001) and DFS (HR, 0.644; 95% CI, 0.422–0.981, P = 0.041). Additionally, an increased TG (HR, 0.546; 95% CI, 0.366–0.814, P = 0.003) or LDL-C (HR, 0.652; 95% CI, 0.456–0.933, P = 0.019) level was significantly associated with better OS. In patients with LUSC, decreased levels of HDL-C may predict worse outcomes for both DFS and OS, while increased TG or LDL-C levels may predict better OS.
Rehabilitative strategies after filtering procedure in glaucoma
Authors: Vingolo Enzo Maria , Casillo Lorenzo , Mecarelli Giulia , Limoli Paolo Giuseppe
Published: October 2022

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of non-reversible blindness worldwide, and almost 6 million people are estimated to be impaired visually in advanced stage of glaucoma. Recently, several studies on glaucoma has been focused towards new therapeutic approaches based on mechanisms independent from IOP control. Effects of new therapeutic agents, visual psychophysical training, or complementary medications targeting optic pathways today seem to be a relevant and effervescent field of research. The goal of the study is to evaluate in glaucoma patients if a rehabilitative strategy with a biofeedback training with microperimetry may be useful after surgery in recovery visual performance even when visual field defects are present in IOP is well controlled environment. Were enrolled 24 patients (28 eyes) with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) (mean 63 range: 49–75 years) from our Glaucoma Center after filtering surgery. All patients after one months from surgical intervention underwent to a complete ophthalmologic examination: IOP measurement, gonioscopy, visual field and SD-OCT at baseline of RNFL thickness. In some cases, were included in the study both eyes because in POAG frequently clinical conditions are different in each eye, and secondarily new fixation target retinal location (TRL) was chosen based on single eye retinal sensitivity. Best corrected visual acuity was significantly increased after the training from 0.61 to 0.479 (p = 0.00058) with no change in refractive error. After the biofeedback patients presented increased value in Mean retinal sensitivity from 14.91 to 15.96 (p = 0.0078).Fixation stabilitywas improved either according to Fuji classification (increased from 75.1 to 81.3% p = 0.0073) or BCEA value, reduced from 8.7 to 6.0 square degrees (p = 0.013) we noted a marked increase in this parameter with better performances and satisfaction by the patient. RFNL thickness: no change was noted (p = 0.505) in this value as an indicator of disease’s stability. Our data indicate that MP-3 Biofeedback may be a good strategy to reduce the impairment of the Glaucoma Patient.
Expansion of the osteocytic lacunar-canalicular system involved in pharmacological action of PTH revealed by AI-driven fluorescence morphometry in female rabbits
Authors: Takakura Aya , Sato Takanori , Lee Ji-Won , Hirano Kyoko , Takao-Kawabata Ryoko , Ishizuya Toshinori , Iimura Tadahiro
Published: October 2022

Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder that is characterized by reduced bone mass. Its prevention and treatment are important healthcare issues for maintaining social activity in aged societies. Although bone fractures mostly occur at sites of weakened cortical bone, pathophysiological and pharmacological evaluations of bone mass have tended to be predominantly assessed in trabecular bone. To statistically characterize cortical bone remodeling, we originally established multimode fluorescence imaging and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven morphometric analyses in six-month-old female rabbits with well-defined cortical remodeling, similar to that in humans. We evaluated three distinct administration frequencies of teriparatide [TPTD; human parathyroid hormone, hPTH (1–34)]: once (1/w), twice (2/w), and seven times (7/w) a week, with the same total dose (140 μg/kg/week). Our analyses revealed significant expansions of the osteocytic lacunar-canalicular system and Haversian canals accompanied by the development of cortical porosity and endosteal naïve bone formation induced by a frequent administration regimen (7/w) of TPTD; however, once-weekly (1/w) and twice-weekly (2/w) administration of TPTD showed little effect. These findings demonstrate a clear contrast between the effects of frequent and infrequent administration of TPTD on cortical bone metabolism and suggest that osteocytic bone remodeling is involved in the pharmacological action of PTH.
An assessment tool for computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) algorithms
Authors: Choi Ji-won , Alkhoury Ludvik , Urbano Leonardo F. , Masson Puneet , VerMilyea Matthew , Kam Moshe
Published: October 2022

Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) enables reliable analysis of semen images, and is designed to process large number of images with high consistency, accuracy, and repeatability. Design and testing of CASA algorithms can be accelerated greatly if reliable simulations of semen images under a variety of conditions and sample quality modes are available. Using life-like simulation of semen images can quantify the performance of existing and proposed CASA algorithms, since the parameters of the simulated image are known and controllable. We present simulation models for sperm cell image and swimming modes observed in real 2D (top-down) images of sperm cells in laboratory specimen. The models simulate human sperm using four (4) types of swimming, namely linear mean, circular, hyperactive, and immotile (or dead). The simulation models are used in studying algorithms for segmentation, localization, and tracking of sperm cells. Several segmentation and localization algorithms were tested under varying levels of noise, and then compared using precision, recall, and the optimal subpattern assignment (OSPA) metric. Images of real human semen sample were used to validate the segmentation and localization observations obtained from simulations. An example is given of sperm cell tracking on simulated semen images of cells using the different tracking algorithms (nearest neighbor (NN), global nearest neighbor (GNN), probabilistic data association filter (PDAF), and joint probabilistic data association filter (JPDAF)). Tracking performance was evaluated through multi-object tracking precision (MOTP) and multi-object tracking accuracy (MOTA). Simulation models enable objective assessments of semen image processing algorithms. We demonstrate the use of a new simulation tool to assess and compare segmentation, localization, and tracking methods. The simulation software allows testing along a large spectrum of parameter values that control the appearance and behavior of simulated semen images. Users can generate scenarios of different characteristics and assess the effectiveness of different CASA algorithms in these environments. The simulation was used to assess and compare algorithms for segmentation and tracking of sperm cells in semen images.
Community detection in networks by dynamical optimal transport formulation
Authors: Leite Daniela , Baptista Diego , Ibrahim Abdullahi A. , Facca Enrico , De Bacco Caterina
Published: October 2022

Detecting communities in networks is important in various domains of applications. While a variety of methods exist to perform this task, recent efforts propose Optimal Transport (OT) principles combined with the geometric notion of Ollivier–Ricci curvature to classify nodes into groups by rigorously comparing the information encoded into nodes’ neighborhoods. We present an OT-based approach that exploits recent advances in OT theory to allow tuning between different transportation regimes. This allows for better control of the information shared between nodes’ neighborhoods. As a result, our model can flexibly capture different types of network structures and thus increase performance accuracy in recovering communities, compared to standard OT-based formulations. We test the performance of our algorithm on both synthetic and real networks, achieving a comparable or better performance than other OT-based methods in the former case, while finding communities that better represent node metadata in real data. This pushes further our understanding of geometric approaches in their ability to capture patterns in complex networks.
Large in-plane vibrational and optical anisotropy in natural 2D heterostructure abramovite
Authors: Dasgupta Arindam , Belakovskiy Dmitriy I. , Chaplygin Ilya V. , Gao Jie , Yang Xiaodong
Published: October 2022

The design and formation of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with different two-dimensional (2D) materials provide an opportunity to create materials with extraordinary physical properties tailored toward specific applications. Mechanical exfoliation of natural vdW materials has been recognized as an effective way for producing high-quality ultrathin vdW heterostructures. Abramovite is one of such naturally occurring vdW materials, where the superlattice is composed of alternating Pb2BiS3 and SnInS4 2D material lattices. The forced commensuration between the two incommensurate constituent 2D material lattices induces in-plane structural anisotropy in the formed vdW heterostructure of abramovite, even though the individual 2D material lattices are isotropic in nature. Here, we show that ultrathin layers of vdW heterostructures of abramovite can be achieved by mechanical exfoliation of the natural mineral. Furthermore, the structural anisotropy induced highly anisotropic vibrational and optical responses of abramovite thin flakes are demonstrated by angle-resolved polarized Raman scattering, linear dichroism, and polarization-dependent third-harmonic generation. Our results not only establish abramovite as a promising natural vdW material with tailored linear and nonlinear optical properties for building future anisotropic integrated photonic devices, but also provide a deeper understanding of the origin of structural, vibrational and optical anisotropy in vdW heterostructures.
The quantification of vaccine uptake in the Nordic countries and impact on key indicators of COVID-19 severity and healthcare stress level via age range comparative analysis
Authors: Islind Anna Sigridur , Óskarsdóttir María , Cot Corentin , Cacciapaglia Giacomo , Sannino Francesco
Published: October 2022

In this paper we analyze the impact of vaccinations on spread of the COVID-19 virus for different age groups. More specifically, we examine the deployment of vaccines in the Nordic countries in a comparative analysis where we focus on factors such as healthcare stress level and severity of disease through new infections, hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) occupancy and deaths. Moreover, we analyze the impact of the various vaccine types, vaccination rate on the spread of the virus in each age group for Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden from the start of the vaccination period in December 2020 until the end of September 2021. We perform a threefold analysis: (i) frequency analysis of infections and vaccine rates by age groups; (ii) rolling correlations between vaccination strategies, severity of COVID-19 and healthcare stress level and; (iii) we also employ the epidemic Renormalization Group (eRG) framework. The eRG is used to mathematically model wave structures, as well as the impact of vaccinations on wave dynamics. We further compare the Nordic countries with England. Our main results outline the quantification of the impact of the vaccination campaigns on age groups epidemiological data, across countries with high vaccine uptake. The data clearly shows that vaccines markedly reduce the number of new cases and the risk of serious illness.
Serum IL-1β predicts de novo hepatitis B virus reactivation during direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C, not during anti-cancer/immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Kawagishi Naoki , Suda Goki , Sakamori Ryotaro , Matsui Takeshi , Onozawa Masahiro , Yang Zijian , Yoshida Sonoe , Ohara Masatsugu , Kimura Megumi , Kubo Akinori , Maehara Osamu , Fu Qingjie , Hosoda Shunichi , Tokuchi Yoshimasa , Suzuki Kazuharu , Nakai Masato , Sho Takuya , Morikawa Kenichi , Natsuizaka Mitsuteru , Ogawa Koji , Sakai Hajime , Ohnishi Shunsuke , Baba Masaru , Takehara Tetsuo , Sakamoto Naoya
Published: October 2022

De novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation occurs during direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with resolved HBV infection. We evaluated the predictive factors, mechanical insight, and differences of cytokine levels during anti-cancer/immunosuppressive and DAA. Eleven, 35, and 19 HCV-infected patients with previous HBV infection with HBV reactivation during DAA treatment, previous HBV infection without HBV reactivation during DAA treatment, and without HBV infection resolution receiving DAA treatment, respectively, were enrolled. Clinical data and baseline cytokine levels were analyzed. Low baseline serum interleukin (IL)-1β levels predicted de novo HBV reactivation during DAA treatment (odds ratio: 47.6, 95% confidence interval: 6.94–333.3). HCV-infected patients with the IL-1β gene single nucleotide polymorphism rs16944 AA allele had significantly higher IL-1β levels; no HCV-infected patient with the IL-1β AA allele experienced HBV reactivation during DAA treatment. Compared to HCV-infected patients with HBV infection resolution, non-HCV infected patients with or without HBV reactivation during anti-cancer/immunosuppressive therapy or bone marrow transplantation had remarkably lower baseline IL-1β levels. Low IL-1β levels were not associated with HBV reactivation. IL-1β levels before DAA for HCV-infected patients with resolved HBV infection could predict HBV reactivation during DAA treatment.
Development of a monitoring system for disassembled towers with internal suspension poles
Authors: Zhang Long-Bin , Tang Bo , Li Kai , Shang Zhi-Yu , Wang Yue , Li Heng-Bo
Published: October 2022

The traditional construction monitoring methods of suspended pole-mounted decomposed towers are mostly manual monitoring. The monitoring personnel has multiple blind spots, and the possibility of misjudgment based on personal experience is relatively large. It is difficult to ensure the construction safety of the suspended pole decomposing tower. For this reason, combined with the current power Internet of Things technology, this paper develops an intelligent monitoring system for suspended pole-mounted decomposing towers. According to the construction technology and its safety requirements of inner suspension derrick for transmission tower erection in sections, this system is classified into intellisense layer, wireless transport layer and information integration layer. According to the physical characteristics of the seven major risk points of the inner suspension pole group tower, the intellisense layer developed corresponding sensing equipment to obtain risk information. In the wireless transport layer, the ZigBee and 4G communication technologies are selected to interconnect self-constituted LAN and 4G wide area networks, to complete on-site data interaction and long-distance transmission. In the information integration layer, the force of cable, the inclination and height of derrick, and the distance between derrick and tower are determined. The system has been verified by the 500 kV delivery project of Fujian Zhouning Pumped Storage Power Station. The average error of critical monitoring point data is 4.14%, and the average data transmission delays in the far and near fields of the system are 18 ms and 176 ms.
Combined anti-tumor efficacy of somatostatin fusion protein and vaccinia virus on tumor cells with high expression of somatostatin receptors
Authors: Fan Jun , Deng Lili , Peng Ying , Ding Yuedi
Published: October 2022

Somatostatin, a growth hormone-release inhibiting peptide, exerts antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects on tumor cells. However, the short half-life of somatostatin limits its application in human therapy, and long-acting somatostatin fusion protein is also limited by its severe terminal degradation. Therefore, oncolytic virus delivery system was introduced to express somatostatin fusion protein and the anti-tumor effects of both somatostatin and oncolytic virus were combined to destroy tumor tissues. Here, a vaccinia VG9/(SST-14)2-HSA recombinant was constructed by replacing somatostatin fusion gene into TK locus of attenuated VG9 strain via homologous recombination. Results showed that vaccinia VG9/(SST-14)2-HSA possessed a combined anti-tumor effect on sstr-positive tumor cells in vitro. In the tumor burden models, BALB/c mice with complete immunity are most suitable for evaluating tumor regression and immune activation. Complete tumor regression was observed in 3 out of 10 mice treated with vaccinia VG9/TK− or VG9/(SST-14)2-HSA, and the survival of all mice in both groups was significantly prolonged. Besides, vaccinia VG9/(SST-14)2-HSA is more effective in prolonging survival than VG9/TK−. Vaccinia VG9/(SST-14)2-HSA exerts a combined anti-tumor efficacy including the oncolytic ability provided by the virus and the anti-tumor effect contributed by (SST-14)2-HSA, which is expected to become a potent therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
Recent advances on the electrochemical and optical biosensing strategies for monitoring microRNA-21: a review
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Amir Abbas , Yaseen Muna Mohammed , Khudaynazarov Utkir , Al-Gazally Moaed E. , Catalan Opulencia Maria Jade , Jalil Abduladheem Turki , Mohammed Rebar N.
Published: October 2022

The small non-coding RNA, microRNA-21 (miR-21), is dysregulated in various cancerous diseases and can be a target for therapeutic approaches. Various types of biosensors have proven to be attractive alternatives for clinical diagnosis.
Core–shell metal–organic frameworks with pH/GSH dual-responsiveness for combined chemo–chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Dong Junliang , Ma Ke , Pei Yuxin , Pei Zhichao
Published: October 2022

A novel core-shell metal-organic framework (MOFs), Cu-MOF@SMON/DOX-HA, was fabricated for chemo-chemodynamic combined therapy to achieve efficient drug targeting delivery and induce cells ferroptosis.
Bridge-type 1D/2D boron nitride enhances the thermal management capability of polymer composites
Authors: Niu Haoting , Wang Han , Wu Liyun , Xiao Guang , He Xuhua , Yao Yagang
Published: October 2022

A bridge-type structure is constructed in the composite fibers by integrating 1D/2D boron nitride, which shows superior heat dissipation properties.
Fabrication of hollow fibrous nanosilica with large pore channels
Authors: Tran Ngoc Minh , Doan Thang Cao , Yoo Hyojong
Published: October 2022

Selective self-etching of dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS): fabrication of hollow fibrous nanosilica (HFNS) with high specific surface area and large pore channels, and utilization as a robust support for the growth of gold nanoparticles.
Synthetic applications of NHPs: from the hydride pathway to a radical mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yu-Shan , Huan Zhen , Yang Jin-Dong , Cheng Jin-Pei
Published: October 2022

We briefly summarized synthetic applications of N-heterocyclic phosphines in both hydridic and radical reductions with an emphasis on their recently discovered radical reactivity.
Cooperative Cu/Pd-catalyzed borocarbonylation of ethylene
Authors: Yuan Yang , Xu Jian-Xing , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: October 2022

A general procedure for the synthesize of β-boryl ketones enabled by cooperative Cu/Pd-catalyzed borocarbonylation of ethylene has been developed.
Peptide modification on the interior surface of red blood cell ghosts for construction of catalytic reactors
Authors: Matsumoto Honoka , Okuichi Kentaro , Imamura Hiroshi , Yasuhara Kazuma , Kato Minoru , Koshiyama Tomomi
Published: October 2022

We report in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on the interior surfaces of red blood cell ghosts (RBCGs) with a cytoskeleton conjugated to a gold-binding peptide and reduction of 4-nitrophenol by the resulting Au NP-deposited RBCG.
Molecular dynamics simulations and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of C–H bond order parameters and effective correlation times in a POPC-GM3 bilayer
Authors: Fridolf Simon , Hamid Mona Koder , Svenningsson Leo , Skepö Marie , Sparr Emma , Topgaard Daniel
Published: October 2022

Motion blur image from MD simulation of a POPC-GM3 bilayer. The GM3 headgroup is characterized by high order and slow dynamics as quantified by C–H order parameters and effective correlation times derived from MD simulation and NMR spectroscopy.
Substrate effects on the speed limiting factor of WSe2 photodetectors
Authors: Schedel Christine , Strauß Fabian , Kohlschreiber Pia , Geladari Olympia , Meixner Alfred J. , Scheele Marcus
Published: October 2022

The speed of a WSe2 photodetector can be affected by the chosen substrate material, apparent as the detector on polyimide is independent of the applied electric field, while the one on glass can be accelerated up to a 3 dB bandwidth of 2.6 MHz.
The transition metal-catalysed hydroboration reaction
Authors: Geier Stephen J. , Vogels Christopher M. , Melanson Jennifer A. , Westcott Stephen A.
Published: October 2022

This review covers the development of the transition metal-catalysed hydroboration reaction, from its beginnings in the 1980s to more recent developments including earth-abundant catalysts and an ever-expanding array of substrates.
Design of semitransparent tantalum nitride photoanode for efficient and durable solar water splitting
Authors: Higashi Tomohiro , Nishiyama Hiroshi , Nandal Vikas , Pihosh Yuriy , Kawase Yudai , Shoji Ryota , Nakabayashi Mamiko , Sasaki Yutaka , Shibata Naoya , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Seki Kazuhiko , Takanabe Kazuhiro , Domen Kazunari
Published: October 2022

A semitransparent Ta3N5 photoanode is designed for efficient and durable solar water splitting. The Ta3N5-CuInSe2 tandem device exhibits an initial and stabilized solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of ∼9% (highest for metal oxides/nitrides) and 4%, respectively.
Regulating deposition kinetics via a novel additive-assisted chemical bath deposition technology enables fabrication of 10.57%-efficiency Sb2Se3 solar cells
Authors: Zhao Yuqi , Wang Shaoying , Li Chuang , Che Bo , Chen Xueling , Chen Hongyi , Tang Rongfeng , Wang Xiaomin , Chen Guilin , Wang Ti , Gong Junbo , Chen Tao , Xiao Xudong , Li Jianmin
Published: October 2022

Sb2Se3 planar solar cells with over 10.5% efficiency have been achieved by a novel additive-assisted chemical bath deposition (CBD) technology, in which the kinetics of the deposition can be elaborately regulated via the use of additives.
Accessing suberin from cork via ultrafast supercritical hydrolysis
Authors: Mission Elaine G. , Cocero Maria Jose
Published: October 2022

Ultrafast supercritical hydrolysis allows the liquefaction of lignocellulosic materials while avoiding the hydrolysis of ester linkages, leading to facile suberin recovery.
1,2,3,5-Tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN)-based porous organic polymers for visible-light-driven organic transformations in water under aerobic oxidation
Authors: Zhu Shan-Shan , Zuo Lin , Liu Yan , Yu Bing
Published: October 2022

A series of hyper-crosslinked POPs were constructed by Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of 4CzIPN with FDA, which contains a certain quantity of hydrophilic ether residues to facilitate visible-light-promoted aqueous organic transformations.
Sanidine in obsidian and its applicability in neutron flux monitor development for 40Ar/39Ar dating
Authors: Zhang Wan-Feng , Zheng De-Wen , He Peng-Li , Xu Yi-Gang , Zhang Yan-Qiang , Zhang Yu-Lian , Wang Jun-jie
Published: October 2022

The neutron flux monitor is a critical part of the process of 40Ar/39Ar dating. We report a new protocol to prepare a neutron flux monitor from the sanidine contained within obsidian, a rock which has undergone rapid eruption and cooling on the surface.
Correction: The effect of morphology on electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction of ReSe2 nano-structures
Authors: Sultana Fozia , Mushtaq Muhammad , Ferdous Tabassum , Wang Jiahui , Lin Ma , Zaman Abid , Althubeiti Khaled , Aljohani Mohammed , Yang Qing
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘The effect of morphology on electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction of ReSe2 nano-structures’ by Fozia Sultana et al., New J. Chem., 2022, 46, 14894–14902, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NJ02433K.
The expanding CRISPR toolbox for natural product discovery and engineering in filamentous fungi
Authors: Woodcraft Clara , Chooi Yit-Heng , Roux Indra
Published: October 2022

This review provides an overview of CRISPR/Cas-based strategies for biosynthetic gene cluster engineering in filamentous fungi.
Tailored mechanosensitive nanogels release drugs upon exposure to different levels of stenosis
Authors: Kimna Ceren , Miller Naranjo Bernardo , Eckert Franziska , Fan Di , Arcuti Dario , Mela Petra , Lieleg Oliver
Published: October 2022

Nanogels with tunable stiffness were developed to address different stenosis levels. Those hemocompatible nanogels can release loaded drugs when passing a stenotic constriction, thus, delivering, e.g., anticoagulant drugs, exactly when needed.
Therapeutic potential of metal ions for COVID-19: insights from the papain-like protease of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Shetler Cameron Lee , Ferreira Juliana C. , Cardoso Thyago H. S. , Silva Edson M.A. , Saksena Nitin K. , Rabeh Wael M.
Published: October 2022

Coronaviruses have been responsible for multiple challenging global pandemics, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Papain-like protease (PLpro), one of two cysteine proteases responsible for the maturation and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, processes and liberates functional proteins from the viral polyproteins and cleaves ubiquitin and ISG15 modifications to inhibit innate immune sensing. Consequently, PLpro is an attractive target for developing COVID-19 therapies. PLpro contains a zinc-finger domain important for substrate binding and structural stability. However, the impact of metal ions on the activity and biophysical properties of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro has not been comprehensively studied. Here, we assessed the impacts of metal ions on the catalytic activity of PLpro. Zinc had the largest inhibitory effect on PLpro, followed by manganese. Calcium, magnesium, and iron had smaller or no effects on PLpro activity. EDTA at a concentration of 0.5 mM was essential for PLpro activity, likely by chelating trace metals that inhibit PLpro. IC50 values for ZnCl2, ZnSO4, and MnCl2 of 0.42 ± 0.02 mM, 0.35 ± 0.01 mM, and 2.6 ± 0.3 mM were obtained in the presence of 0.5 mM EDTA; in the absence of EDTA, the estimated IC50 of ZnCl2 was 14 µM. Tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence analysis confirmed the binding of zinc and manganese to PLpro, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed that zinc but not manganese reduced ΔHcal of PLpro. The results of this study provide a reference for further work targeting PLpro to prevent and treat COVID-19.
WITHDRAWN: The retracted conformation of ubiquitin Ser65 phosphorylation inhibits the formation of K48-linked ubiquitin chains
Authors: Zhang Chang Li , Wang Xian Mo , Yang Ju , Xin Chen Qi , Fan Wen , Yi Hua Wei
Published: October 2022

The Accepted Manuscript version of this article (published on 7 October 2022) was withdrawn on 22 November 2022. Following the acceptance of this article, the Editorial Office and authors were contacted regarding the use of data in Figures 2B and 2E. As the article contains data without authorisation for use, the authors have agreed for it to be withdrawn from Bioscience Reports.
Sehr geehrte Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Sina Christian
Published: October 2022

mangelernährte Menschen haben das Recht auf wirksame Versorgung –
Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin unterzeichnet
Vienna Declaration zu krankheitsassoziierter Mangelernährung!
Aufgabenverteilung verschiedener Professionen innerhalb klinischer
Ernährungsteams in Deutschland
Authors: Girsemihl Caroline , Blumenschein Birgit
Published: October 2022

Abstrakt Hintergrund Die Implementierung neuer
ernährungstherapeutisch ausgerichteter Studiengänge auf dem
Markt und somit in Ernährungsteams, macht eine neue Betrachtung der
Aufgabenverteilung innerhalb der Teams notwendig, weshalb in dieser Befragung
die Aufgabenverteilung für klinische Ernährungsteams erfasst
wurde.

Methoden Mittels standardisiertem halboffenen Fragebogen wurden
Ernährungsteams in deutschen Kliniken zur Aufgabenverteilung der
Teammitglieder befragt. Die Erstellung des Fragebogens wurde mit dem Portal
maQ-Online durchgeführt und die Auswertung der Daten fand in Excel
statt.

Ergebnisse 30 Ernährungsfachkräfte aus neun verschiedenen
Bundesländern nahmen an der Befragung teil. Dabei kam heraus, dass eine
Differenzierung der Aufgaben innerhalb eines Ernährungsteam unter den
verschiedenen Professionen unzureichend vorgenommen wird. Nahezu alle
Teammitglieder werden beispielsweise für
ernährungstherapeutische Aufgaben eingesetzt. Lediglich die Aufgabe der
Teamleitung fällt meist dem ärztlichen Personal (50 %)
und Diätassistenten mit zusätzlich akademisch erworbener
Qualifikation (44 %) zu.

Schlussfolgerung Eine fehlende Differenzierung der Aufgabengebiete von
Teammitgliedern klinischer Ernährungsteams, entsprechend des jeweiligen
Kompetenzprofils, kann zum Qualitätsverlust
ernährungstherapeutischer Maßnahmen führen. Der
wachsende Markt an ernährungstherapeutisch ausgerichteten
Studiengängen macht auch für Arbeitgeber die Kompetenzprofile
unüberschaubar und einen Einsatz unabhängig der jeweiligen
Qualifikation resultierend.
Bilanzierte Diäten – Schlüsselfragen
für die Verkehrsfähigkeit: Definition von Diätmanagement
und wissenschaftlicher Beleg der Zweckbestimmung
Authors: Doerr Bettina
Published: October 2022

Lebensmittel für besondere medizinische Zwecke (bilanzierte Diät)
werden für die Ernährung von Patienten entwickelt und sind
für das Diätmanagement bei einer
Erkrankung/Beschwerde/Störung bestimmt. Über die
Verkehrsfähigkeit dieser Lebensmittelkategorie, vor allem der
Untergruppe der bilanzierten Diäten, die nicht zur
ausschließlichen Ernährung gedacht sind (sogenannte
ergänzende bilanzierte Diäten), wird seit einigen Jahren
kontrovers diskutiert. Dabei geht es vorrangig um die Frage, was unter den
Begriffen „Diätmanagement“ sowie „sonstiger
medizinisch bedingter Nährstoffbedarf“ zu verstehen ist.
Aufgrund des Fehlens klarer Definitionen in den EU-weit gültigen
Regularien ist aus sachverständiger Sicht der Begriff
„Diätmanagement“ synonym mit
„diätetische Behandlung“ bzw.
„Ernährungsintervention“ zu sehen. Das
Diätmanagement dient dazu, den besonderen Anforderungen gerecht zu
werden, die bei den betroffenen Patienten an die Ernährung bzw. an
bestimmte Nährstoffe gestellt werden. Angelehnt an Empfehlungen in
medizinischen Leitlinien ist darunter eine individualisierte, definierte und
gezielte Ernährungsmaßnahme mithilfe herkömmlicher oder
künstlicher Ernährung zu verstehen. Ziel des
Diätmanagements ist es, ein Nährstoffdefizit zu
beheben/vorzubeugen oder eine (durch die Krankheit
beeinträchtigte) Körperfunktion mit Hilfe von
Nährstoffen aufrechtzuerhalten/zu verbessern. Wesentlich
für diese spezielle Produktkategorie ist die notwendige
Begründung der diätetischen Zweckbestimmung
gemäß allgemein anerkannten wissenschaftlicher Daten. Die
Ausgestaltung dieses Beleges liegt in der Verantwortung des Inverkehrbringers,
die Entscheidung über die Verkehrsfähigkeit und die Eignung der
Daten zur wissenschaftlichen Absicherung erfolgt durch die
Überwachungsbehörden der einzelnen Bundesländer. Es ist
empfehlenswert, sich bereits bei der Produktentwicklung mit den Anforderungen
vertraut zu machen und im Vorfeld ein Dossier zu erstellen, das sich an den
Leitlinien der EFSA orientiert.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (2E)-Macrolactin 3
Authors: Mohapatra Debendra K. , Reddy Aedula Vishnu V. , Choudhury Utkal Mani , Sarma Akella V. S.
Published: October 2022

Asymmetric total synthesis of (2E)-macrolactin 3 has been accomplished in a highly convergent manner utilizing our earlier developed tandem isomerization followed by C–O and C–C bond-forming reaction, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, and a late-stage intramolecular Heck coupling reaction. Comparison of the NMR spectra of the coupled product and thorough analysis of the 2D NMR data of the final compound led to the conclusion that the Z-double bond at C2 was isomerized during the coupling reaction.
Transvaginal Migration of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts in Children: Review of Literature
Authors: Ambati Shashikanth R , Barry Suzanne , Matthew Adamo A , Edwards Mary
Published: October 2022

Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placement is the most commonly performed procedure for the treatment of hydrocephalus. The complication of migration of the distal ventriculo-peritoneal shunt is one of the many complications that occur after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placement. The migration of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt through the vagina is infrequently reported in children. The aim of this review is to help all the providers caring for children with ventriculo-peritoneal shunts to identify issues early when encountered with this complication and thus limit morbidity and mortality. We reviewed all cases of migration of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt through the vagina in children less than 18 years of age that were published in the literature using PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. A total of 11 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review among the 93 articles obtained with title and abstract screening. Previous non-shunt-related abdominal operations and shunt revisions are consistent risk factors in all cases. We did not recognize specific approaches to catheter placement or management that could have prevented this complication. Ventriculitis necessitating shunt removal and therapies requiring additional procedures and prolonged hospitalization are the major consequences identified. Awareness of this unusual complication is very important among health care providers such as emergency care health providers who are likely to be the first to encounter these children on initial presentation.
Wicking dynamics into two-rail open channel with periodical branches
Authors: He Guan-Yu , Tsao Heng-Kwong , Sheng Yu-Jane
Published: October 2022

Wicking into open channels with branches is frequently adopted in multiple assays for medical testing. The penetration velocity plays a key role in improving efficiency. However, it is significantly reduced in the bifurcation microfluidic systems. As a result, understanding and enhancing wicking dynamics in bifurcation capillary flow is imperative. Capillary imbibition into a two-rail channel with periodical branches is investigated by many-body dissipative particle dynamics. The influences of the branch width and surface wettability on the penetration velocity and imbibition flow rate are examined. Four different types of spontaneous capillary flows are observed, including no invasion into branches, reduction in the penetration velocity, stick-slip motion, and inter-branch gap covered by liquid. Four regimes are identified accordingly, the phase diagram relates the flow behavior to the branch width, and surface wettability is established. As the branch width is significantly large (small gap), the penetration velocity is found to be greater than that without branches. It is attributed to the partial covering behavior, which leads to the effective width more than the main channel width.
Comment on “Manifolds of quasi-constant SOAP and ACSF fingerprints and the resulting failure to machine learn four-body interactions” [J. Chem. Phys. 156, 034302 (2022)]
Authors: Pozdnyakov Sergey N. , Willatt Michael J. , Bartók Albert P. , Ortner Christoph , Csányi Gábor , Ceriotti Michele
Published: October 2022

The “quasi-constant” smooth overlap of atomic position and atom-centered symmetry function fingerprint manifolds recently discovered by Parsaeifard and Goedecker [J. Chem. Phys. 156, 034302 (2022)] are closely related to the degenerate pairs of configurations, which are known shortcomings of all low-body-order atom-density correlation representations of molecular structures. Configurations that are rigorously singular—which we demonstrate can only occur in finite, discrete sets and not as a continuous manifold—determine the complete failure of machine-learning models built on this class of descriptors. The “quasi-constant” manifolds, on the other hand, exhibit low but non-zero sensitivity to atomic displacements. As a consequence, for any such manifold, it is possible to optimize model parameters and the training set to mitigate their impact on learning even though this is often impractical and it is preferable to use descriptors that avoid both exact singularities and the associated numerical instability.
Kinetic simulations verifying reconnection rates measured in the laboratory, spanning the ion-coupled to near electron-only regimes
Authors: Greess S. , Egedal J. , Stanier A. , Olson J. , Daughton W. , Lê A. , Millet-Ayala A. , Kuchta C. , Forest C. B.
Published: October 2022

The rate of reconnection characterizes how quickly flux and mass can move into and out of the reconnection region. In the Terrestrial Reconnection EXperiment (TREX), the rate at which the antiparallel asymmetric reconnection occurs is modulated by the presence of a shock and a region of flux pileup in the high-density inflow. Simulations utilizing a generalized Harris-sheet geometry have tentatively shown agreement with TREX's measured reconnection rate scaling relative to system size, which is indicative of the transition from ion-coupled toward electron-only reconnection. Here, we present simulations tailored to reproduce the specific TREX geometry, which confirm both the reconnection rate scale and the shock jump conditions previously characterized experimentally in TREX. The simulations also establish an interplay between the reconnection layer and the Alfvénic expansions of the background plasma associated with the energization of the TREX drive coils; this interplay has not yet been experimentally observed.
A wideband high-power microwave radiation source based on gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line and Vlasov antenna
Authors: Cui Yancheng , Meng Jin , Luo Kang , Han Jiangfeng , Huang Liyang , Zhu Danni
Published: October 2022

The gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line (GNLTL) is a special kind of coaxial transmission line partially loaded with the ferrite material. A GNLTL system can modulate the input high-power pulses into wideband high-power microwaves without relying on the electron beam and confining magnetic field. The unique working mechanism gives the GNLTL system the potential to be a small portable wideband high-power microwave radiation source. In this study, a wideband high-power microwave radiation source based on a GNLTL system is designed and constructed. In order to effectively radiate the wideband microwaves into the air, a high-power wideband Vlasov antenna and a special absorption high-pass filter are developed. The designs of key subsystems and high-power radiation experiments have been introduced and discussed in detail. In the test experiments, a radiated pulse with a peak electric field strength of 23 kV/m was measured at 20 m away from the transmitting antenna and the effective potential of radiation is 460 kV/m. The pulse width of the radiation pulse is about 4 ns, the center frequency is about 2.25 GHz, and the highest repetition rate can reach 25 Hz.
High-power continuous-wave single-frequency diamond Raman laser at 1178 nm
Authors: Sun Yuxiang , Li Muye , Mildren Richard Paul , Bai Zhenxu , Zhang Hongchao , Lu Jian , Feng Yan , Yang Xuezong
Published: October 2022

We demonstrate a continuous-wave single-frequency diamond Raman laser operating at 1178 nm by using a linear resonator that is stabilized using an intracavity χ(2) element. Optimization of the single-frequency power was realized by tuning the phase matching in the χ(2) element away from the second-harmonic peak to suppress neighboring modes via sum frequency generation but avoid large losses to the intracavity primary Stokes mode. A maximum single-longitudinal-mode power of 20 W at 1178 nm with an instrument-limited linewidth of 67 MHz was obtained using a 12 GHz multi-longitudinal-mode Yb-doped fiber pump laser at 1018 nm with power of 82 W. This work provides an interesting route for producing single-frequency high-power lasers near 1.2 μm utilizing diamond Raman conversion combined with broadband, high-power, low-cost YDF lasers.
Analysis of nonlinear features associated with radio-frequency sheaths
Authors: Poulos Matthew
Published: October 2022

An analytic study is conducted of nonlinear features that arise when radio-frequency (RF) sheath boundary conditions are solved self-consistently with the electromagnetic fields in a magnetized plasma. An instability associated with RF sheath–plasma interactions is identified and shown to be closely linked with sheath–plasma resonance and the occurrence of multiple solutions. It is proposed that this instability serves as a physical mechanism that enables jumping from one solution branch to another, providing a physical basis for the prediction of an RF sheath hysteresis in the time domain. It is further shown that this instability can lead to non-intuitive features such as spontaneous symmetry breaking in an otherwise completely symmetric problem. In plane-stratified geometry, two analytically solvable examples are considered for the cases of an unbounded half-space and a bounded domain.
Radiative cooling of polyyne anions: C4H− and C6H−
Authors: Zhu Boxing , Bull James N. , Navarro Navarrete José E. , Schmidt-May Alice F. , Cederquist Henrik , Schmidt Henning T. , Zettergren Henning , Stockett Mark H.
Published: October 2022

Time-dependent photodetachment action spectra for the linear hydrocarbon anions C4H− and C6H− are investigated using the cryogenic Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring ExpEriment. The radiative cooling characteristics of these ions on the millisecond to seconds timescale are characterized by monitoring changes in their spectra as the ions cool by spontaneous infrared (IR) emission. The average cooling rates, extracted using Non-negative Matrix Factorization, are fit with 1/e lifetimes of 19 ± 2 and 3.0 ± 0.2 s for C4H− and C6H−, respectively. The cooling rates are successfully reproduced using a simple harmonic cascade model of IR emission. The ultraslow radiative cooling dynamics determined in this work provide important data for understanding the thermal cooling properties of linear hydrocarbon anions and for refining models of the formation and destruction mechanisms of these anions in astrochemical environments.
Magnetic-translational sum rule and approximate models of the molecular Berry curvature
Authors: Peters Laurens D. M. , Culpitt Tanner , Tellgren Erik I. , Helgaker Trygve
Published: October 2022

The Berry connection and curvature are key components of electronic structure calculations for atoms and molecules in magnetic fields. They ensure the correct translational behavior of the effective nuclear Hamiltonian and the correct center-of-mass motion during molecular dynamics in these environments. In this work, we demonstrate how these properties of the Berry connection and curvature arise from the translational symmetry of the electronic wave function and how they are fully captured by a finite basis set of London orbitals but not by standard Gaussian basis sets. This is illustrated by a series of Hartree–Fock calculations on small molecules in different basis sets. Based on the resulting physical interpretation of the Berry curvature as the shielding of the nuclei by the electrons, we introduce and test a series of approximations using the Mulliken fragmentation scheme of the electron density. These approximations will be particularly useful in ab initio molecular dynamics calculations in a magnetic field since they reduce the computational cost, while recovering the correct physics and up to 95% of the exact Berry curvature.