bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative corneal remodeling after corneal allograft intrastromal ring segment (CAIRS) implantation for keratoconus: An OCT study
Authors: Yakut Burcu , Tanriverdi Cafer , Keskin Perk Fatma Feyza Nur , Nacaroglu Senay Asik , Altinbas Munise , Kilic Aylin
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

To demonstrate corneal remodeling after corneal allograft intrastromal ring segment (CAIRS) with an anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Design:

A prospective observational single-center study.

Methods:

This observational study included keratoconus patients who underwent CAIRS implantation into a stromal tunnel. Topographical, refractive, and visual changes were obtained from the patient records. Epithelial thickness (ET), anterior stromal thickness (AST), allograft corneal ring thickness (ACRT), and posterior stromal thickness (PST) were measured on the first day and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively using AS-OCT.

Results:

The study included 35 eyes of 27 patients with advanced keratoconus. The mean keratometry decreased from 48.26 ± 4.78 D to 44.50 ± 4.42 D at 1-year postoperatively (P = 0.004), mean corrected distance visual acuity increased from 0.29 ± 0.18 to 0.70 ± 0.24 (P < 0.001), and spherical equivalent (SE) decreased from −6.94 ± 4.32 D to −1.44 ± 4.44 D (P < 0.001). The mean AST decreased by 17.39 ± 5.78 µm in the postoperative 1st month compared to 1st day after surgery (P = 0.040). No statistically significant variations were observed in AST after the first month. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean ET, ACRT, and PST measurements between follow-up times. Significant negative correlations were found between SE change and ET (r = −0.543, P = 0.023) and between K1 change and ACRT (r = −0.548, P = 0.008).

Conclusion:

CAIRS is an effective treatment method to improve visual acuity and keratometry measurements and does not cause significant changes in graft thickness or recipient corneal epithelial and stromal thicknesses during the 1-year follow-up period. The observed correlations between SE, keratometry, and corneal thickness suggest that epithelial and stromal remodeling play crucial roles in postoperative outcomes of CAIRS.
Management of Graves’ upper eyelid retraction (GUER): A review
Authors: Desai Akruti , Singh Pallavi , Rootman Dan , Naik Milind N.
Published: December 2024

Graves’ disease, a common autoimmune disorder, characteristically presents with upper eyelid retraction, causing significant functional and cosmetic concerns for affected individuals. The management of Graves’ upper eyelid retraction has evolved significantly over recent years, with various surgical and non-surgical interventions. An ideal procedure is predictable and easily repeatable. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the contemporary approaches to managing Graves’ upper eyelid retraction, encompassing both traditional and emerging techniques. It critically evaluates the surgical options for correcting Graves’ upper eyelid retraction to achieve the desired eyelid contour, eyelid crease, tarsal platform show, and brow fat span. Their comparative effectiveness is meticulously explored, offering clinicians valuable insights into treatment selection. Moreover, this review also underscores combined orbital decompression with levator recession. Additionally, advancements in non-invasive modalities, including botulinum toxin, triamcinolone acetate injections, and hyaluronic acid fillers are discussed in detail. This review aims to facilitate informed decision-making and improve the overall outcomes for individuals affected by Graves’ disease-associated upper eyelid retraction.
Comparison of peripapillary and macular Optical Coherence Tomography parameters between children and young adults
Authors: Warjri Gazella B , Rao Harsha L , Sachdeva Virender , Senthil Sirisha
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness, central subfield thickness (CSFT), and parafoveal and perifoveal thickness in children of different age groups with young adult controls by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included children aged 6–17 years and adult controls (18–22 years) – group 1: 6–9 years (57 eyes), group 2: 10–13 years (116 eyes), group 3: 14–17 years (66 eyes), and group 4 (controls): 18–22 years (61 eyes). A mixed-effects model was used to compare the OCT parameters among the groups, along with multivariable analysis.

Results:

Analysis of 300 eyes of 152 patients was done. Group 2 (99.7 ± 1.1 μm, P = 0.03) and group 3 (100.4 ± 1.5 μm, P = 0.03) had thicker RNFL on average as compared to group 4 (95.6 ± 1.6 μm) on multivariable analysis. In pairwise comparison, group 2 (129.8 ± 2.5 μm, P = 0.02) and group 3 (132.6 ± 2.4 μm, P = 0.004) had thicker inferior RNFL compared to adult controls (122.4 ± 2.5 μm); superior RNFL was thicker in group 2 (129.6 ± 2.0 μm, P = 0.01) and group 3 (131.2 ± 2.6 μm, P = 0.008) compared to group 1 (120.9 ± 2.8 μm). On multivariable analysis, adult controls had thicker CSFT (236.5 ± 2.6 μm) than group 1 (222.7 ± 3.1 μm) and group 2 (229.6 ± 2.3 μm). Similarly, on pairwise comparison, adult controls had thicker parafoveal superior quadrants (320.5 ± 2.5 μm) and inferior quadrants (317.5 ± 2.3 μm) when compared with groups 1 and 2.

Conclusion:

RNFL thickness seems to increase up to 17 years and then starts reducing, unlike CSFT, which increases with age from 6 to 22 years. A differential growth occurs in the different quadrants of RNFL and macula with age with some quadrants increasing in thickness as compared to the others.
Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score (nSOFA) as a mortality predictor in late-onset neonatal sepsis
Authors: Mohamed Maha Hassan , Mohamed Fatma Thabet , Shinkar Dina Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Background

Neonatal sepsis is a main challenge that neonatologists usually face in the neonatal intensive care unit. We aimed to investigate the ability of the Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (nSOFA) score to predict mortality in neonates admitted with late-onset sepsis (LOS).

Methods

Seventy neonates with LOS were included in the study. A complete blood count, C-reactive protein test, blood culture, and sensitivity were conducted on all babies. All neonates were monitored for their need for mechanical ventilation, oxygen requirements, the need for inotropics and corticosteroids, as well as thrombocytopenia and its degree. All neonates were followed up by the application of the nSOFA score. The nSOFA score was recorded at the onset of signs of sepsis and after 24, 48, and 72 hours.

Results

The study included 70 infants with LOS, with a median gestational age of 35.5 weeks and a median birth weight of 2.6 kg; 19 infants (27.1%) died. The median total nSOFA score was significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared to survivors on all evaluation days (P < 0.001). Each of the three components of the nSOFA score was individually higher in nonsurvivors on all days of evaluation, with a progressive increase over time. There was no significant difference in nSOFA scores between neonates with gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. The receiver operating characteristic curve shows that the nSOFA score at presentation has a sensitivity of 84.21 and a specificity of 80.39 for predicting mortality in neonates with LOS at a cutoff point of >6.

Conclusion

We concluded that nSOFA can be a feasible tool that can help in predicting mortality in neonates with LOS. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate the use of nSOFA in predicting mortality and other adverse outcomes.
“Virtual Autism” and Excessive Screen Exposure in Children Aged 0-3 Years: A Cross-sectional Study in the Lebanese Context
Authors: Al Moussawi Issa , Bendak Lama , Ziab Hussein
Published: December 2024

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by complex neurobiological traits, lacks specific biomarkers, necessitating an in-depth behavioral assessment. This study investigates the relationship between early ASD symptoms and excessive screen exposure in early childhood (0–3 years), introducing the concept of “Virtual Autism” by considering variables such as gender, age of exposure initiation, screen duration, and screen type. Moreover, the study seeks to provide insights into potential gender-specific differences in screen exposure effects and the necessity for targeted interventions.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional design is used, with 73 participants from the south of Lebanon. The study includes a comprehensive questionnaire incorporating behavioral characteristics derived from existing literature and the Early Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Participants were systematically selected based on eligibility criteria, and statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and analysis of variance test, were utilized.

Results

Findings reveal significant correlations (p < 0.05) between screen exposure and ASD-like behaviors, emphasizing the critical role of early intervention. Gender-specific differences were observed, with males exhibiting higher susceptibility to autism-like features. The study underscores the need for cautious screen use during early childhood, considering variables such as age, duration, and type of exposure.

Conclusion

The study highlights the robust correlation between early and prolonged screen exposure and the emergence of ASD-like behaviors and other cognitive and sensory skills. Clinical implications emphasize tailored interventions and informed parenting practices, urging a cautious approach to screen exposure during the critical early years (0–3 years). Further research is needed to establish causal relationships and explore specific intervention strategies.
Genes and congenital pulmonary airway malformations: Exploring the genetic landscape and the future of genetic testing in clinical practice
Authors: Alkhani Abdullah , Aleisa Mariam , Kurdi Bassem
Published: December 2024

At a prevalence of around 1:25,000 to 1:35,000 live births, congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is the most prevalent congenital lung defect, distinguished by aberrant lung tissue development. Until recent developments in genomic technology, including next-generation sequencing, the genetic foundations of CPAM were mainly unknown as clinical and radiological approaches were only used in the treatment of CPAM. Due to recent developments in genomic technology, genetic mutations have been linked to CPAM and related consequences, including the risk of developing malignancy such as pleuropulmonary blastoma and bronchoalveolar carcinoma, especially in genes like DICER1, KRAS, FGFR2, and TP53. The main course of treatment has been surgery, particularly in symptomatic patients while expectant management is reserved for asymptomatic individuals. However, genetic testing in clinical practice offers a chance for more individualized treatment plans. By using genetic screening to identify at-risk individuals for malignancy, early intervention and tailored care may be made easier, perhaps leading to better patient outcomes and less intrusive operations. Moreover, if diagnosed prenatally, genetic testing can help in counseling and further management. To maximize therapy pathways, this study addresses the current understanding of the genetic landscape of CPAM, its clinical consequences, and the need to include genetic testing in regular prenatal and postnatal care when CPAMs are identified.
The Impact of Smoking on the Severity of COVID-19 and Risk Factors for Mortality: A Prospective Study in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Ketfi Abdelbassat , Touahri Rama , Aissani Samia , Snouber Abdelmadjid
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of contracting many respiratory viral diseases and causes inflammation and damage to the lung epithelium. Smokers were found to have a higher likelihood of presenting with severe COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

A 2-year single-center prospective study was conducted at the Pulmonology University Department of Rouiba Hospital. The clinical, biological, and imaging data, along with information on healing, death, or transfers to intensive care, were collected and analyzed for two patient groups: current or former smokers and nonsmokers.

Results:

There were 482 patients, including 206 men (42.7%), with an average age of 55.2 ± 15.2 years. Smoking tobacco consumption was found in only 14.21% of cases, with patients categorized into two groups: nonsmokers, accounting for 87.6% (422) of the total, and smokers, accounting for 12.4% (60). The smoking group also had a higher percentage of male subjects (93.3% vs. 35.5%) and a greater number of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (10.0% vs. 0.7%) (P < 0.0001). In addition, the smoking group had more patients with a history of tuberculosis (6.9% vs. 1.4%) (P = 0.0076). No difference was found in the duration of hospitalization between the two groups, but admission to intensive care was more common among smokers (16.7%) (P = 0.02). There were more nonsurvivors among patients who smoked compared to those who did not smoke (4.5% vs. 8.3%), although this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.2026).

Conclusion:

Tobacco and COVID-19 are both factors that attack the lungs by causing inflammation that can surpass the body’s ability to control it. These two culprits can lead to irreversible damage to the respiratory system. Cigarette smokers are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and have a higher risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19.
Acute spinal subdural hematoma following lumbar puncture in a pediatric leukemia patient
Authors: Abderraouf Kheirreddine Mohamed , Adel Khelifa , Fayçal Aichaoui , Abdelhalim Morsli
Published: December 2024

Acute spinal subdural hematoma (ASSDH) is a rare complication following intrathecal chemotherapy; however, it has the potential to cause significant morbidity. We present the case of a child treated with intrathecal chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. The child presented with pain and acute paralysis in the lower limbs a few hours after lumbar puncture. Radiological findings confirmed the presence of ASSDH. The child was operated on after correcting severe thrombocytopenia. Postoperatively, the patient experienced relief from pain; however, there was no noticeable improvement in motor deficit immediately, and postoperative imaging confirmed total evacuation of the hematoma, and intensive rehabilitation was prescribed. ASSDH is a rare complication of lumbar puncture that physicians should consider, especially in leukemic patients, after correcting all hemostasis parameters; diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and radiological findings, and management requires neurosurgical intervention.
Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Flow Rate, pH, and Alkaline Phosphatase in Tobacco Users and Healthy Individuals: A Biomarker Study
Authors: Buktare Komal , Parikh Shilpa , Shah Jigna
Published: December 2024

Aims:

Saliva plays a vital role in maintaining oral health, and its composition can be significantly altered by tobacco use. The repeated exposure of saliva to tobacco has been associated with structural and functional changes in its parameters. This study aimed to evaluate salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary pH, and salivary alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) levels in individuals using different forms of tobacco, including smokeless tobacco, smoking tobacco, combined tobacco use, and healthy controls.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 160 participants were randomly assigned to four groups: Group I (n = 40), smokeless tobacco users; Group II (n = 40), smoking tobacco users; Group III (n = 40), users of both smokeless and smoking tobacco; and Group IV (n = 40), healthy controls. Resting salivary flow was measured using Schirmer’s strip at 1, 2, and 3 minutes, and salivary pH was assessed using pH strips. A 3 mL sample of unstimulated saliva was collected, centrifuged, and analyzed for S-ALP levels using a biochemical analyzer. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test for multiple group comparisons and the Mann–Whitney U test for pairwise comparisons, with a significance level set at P < 0.001.

Results:

A statistically significant reduction in mean SFR was observed in all tobacco-using groups compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Similarly, a significant decrease in salivary pH was noted in tobacco users compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). The S-ALP levels were reduced in both smokeless and smoking tobacco users, while the combined tobacco group showed an increase in S-ALP levels compared to the healthy control group.

Conclusion:

Long-term tobacco use, whether smokeless, smoking, or a combination of both, can lead to significant changes in salivary parameters, including reduced salivary flow, altered pH, and fluctuations in S-ALP levels. These changes can contribute to adverse effects on oral mucosa and dental structures. Clinicians should consider tobacco use as a key factor when assessing oral health, as tobacco-related changes in salivary composition could increase the risk of oral diseases. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms by which tobacco affects salivary composition and to assess the potential for using these biomarkers in early detection of tobacco-related oral health issues.
Hydrogel-Based Intracanal Medicaments in Endodontics: A Systematic Review of Development and Antibacterial Efficacy
Authors: Piriyanga Rathna , Ranjan Manish , Sherwood Anand , Priyadharshini Swathi
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim:

Endodontic treatment necessitates the elimination of infectious pulp tissue and the disinfection of the root canal system to prevent reinfection and periradicular inflammation. Traditional intracanal medicaments, such as calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), have limitations including limited drug diffusion, short retention time, and potential tooth discoloration. Hydrogels, due to their unique properties such as controlled drug release and biocompatibility, have emerged as promising carriers for intracanal medicaments. This systematic review aims to evaluate the development, antimicrobial efficacy, and clinical applications of hydrogel-based intracanal medicaments in endodontics. The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of these medicaments compared to traditional in vitro intracanal medicament models or other drug delivery systems. The secondary objective is to evaluate the properties and characteristics of different hydrogel formulations used in endodontics.

Materials and Methods:

This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42024525186). Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, experimental studies investigating hydrogel-based intracanal medicaments in simulated endodontic conditions were included. Eligibility criteria encompassed in vitro models, hydrogel-based interventions, and outcomes related to antimicrobial properties, drug release profiles, and other relevant in vitro outcomes. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers.

Results:

Fourteen studies were included, that used various hydrogel formulations such as methylcellulose, GelMA, poloxamer gel, alginate, chitosan-based hydrogel, and HPMC. Enterococcus aecalis was the most commonly evaluated microorganism. Evaluation methods included agar diffusion assay, colony count, and SEM. Most hydrogels demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy, controlled drug release, and favorable biocompatibility. Material characterization varied, with some studies evaluating mechanical properties, swelling behavior, and degradation rates.

Conclusion:

Hydrogel-based intracanal medicaments with active antimicrobial agents demonstrate promising potential in the improvement of endodontic treatment with their sustainability in the antimicrobial activity and enhanced biocompatibility. The interaction between the hydrogel carriers and their active ingredients thus represents a critical factor toward optimal therapeutic outcomes. However, the study has limitations, including a limited number of in vivo studies and variability in the formulations and evaluation methods across included studies. Further investigation into material properties and specific active agents is thus necessary to fully realize the benefits of these medicaments in endodontic therapy.
Effect of Irrigants on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Three Bioceramic Root Repair Materials: An In Vitro Comparative Analysis
Authors: Patri Gaurav , Lath Harshita , Jena Debkant , Agrawal Pratik , Bajoria Atul Anand , Banka Aanchal
Published: December 2024

Aims:

This study aims to comparatively assess the impact of root canal irrigants on the push-out bond strength (POBS) of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), biodentine, and EndoSequence root repair material (ERRM).

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, the midroot dentin of human canine teeth was sectioned horizontally into slices of 1.5 mm thick. The canal lumen of each dentin slice was then enlarged to a diameter of 1.3 mm using a No. 5 GG drill. One hundred and twenty samples were then randomly split into three groups (n = 40), and the following materials were filled into the canal space, respectively: ProRoot MTA, biodentine, and ERRM putty. The samples were covered with damp gauze for 10 min. They were subsequently divided into four subgroups (n = 10) to be immersed in 3% sodium hypochlorite, saline, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and no irrigant (control), respectively. After incubation for 48 h, the POBS of the samples was determined using a universal testing machine. A stereomicroscopic examination of the samples was done to ascertain the nature of the bond failures. One-way ANOVA was employed to assess the differences in POBS among the three materials when exposed to different irrigants and pairwise comparison was done using post hoc Tukey test. The significance level was set to P < 0.05.

Results:

ERRM demonstrated the highest POBS of 6.83 ± 0.94 MPa when tested with normal saline and ProRoot MTA recorded the lowest POBS of 3.44 ± 0.47 MPa under chlorhexidine. Under saline, both ERRM and biodentine showed a significantly better (P < 0.05) POBS value than ProRoot MTA. With NaOCl, ERRM showed a significantly better (P < 0.05) POBS value than ProRoot MTA and biodentine. With chlorhexidine, both ERRM and biodentine showed significantly better results (P < 0.05) as compared to ProRoot MTA.

Conclusions:

ERRM showed the highest POBS value irrespective of the irrigant used, whereas ProRoot MTA showed the least. This suggests that ERRM may be the preferred choice for root repair, especially when using chlorhexidine as an irrigant.
Impact of Nanoparticles on Dental Composites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ahuja Dhruv , Akhila M. R. , Singh Ashish Kumar , Batra Puneet
Published: December 2024

Aims:

The focus of this review is to assess the mechanical characteristics of using nanoparticles (NPs) in dental composites (DCs) to enhance strength and toughness.

Materials and Methods:

The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO with registration ID: CRD42024573647. A systematic search for relevant articles published between 2018 and July 2024 was conducted across electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, WoS, and EBSCOhost. Studies meeting pre-defined eligibility criteria were included and assessed for methodological quality. Data on the mechanical properties of NPs on DCs were extracted from included studies. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the mechanical flexure strength associated with NPs in DCs.

Results:

A range of NPs including silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide, graphene oxide, core–shell chlorhexidine/amorphous calcium phosphate, zinc-doped mesoporous silica NPs, silver NPs, farnesol-loaded halloysite nanotube, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, niobium pentoxide, and chitosan were examined for incorporation into DCs. The use of organic and inorganic NPs has shown a significant boost in the mechanical characteristics of DCs. The forest plot demonstrated a significant increase in mechanical characteristics in DCs infused with NPs.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that incorporating NPs in restorative dentistry holds promise for enhancing their mechanical properties and increasing strength and toughness.
Inflammatory Status of Patients with Dental Implants of Different Microgeometry using ELISA: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Gnanajothi Janani , Rajasekar Arvina
Published: December 2024

Aims:

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), one of the most potent proinflammatory cytokines, plays a crucial role in bone resorption and inflammation. Its concentrations are pivotal in assessing the inflammatory responses around dental implants. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of IL-1β levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) among patients with dental implants of different microgeometries.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 78 patients who underwent dental implant placement in the mandibular first molar region between September 2020 and January 2021 were enrolled in this prospective study, following rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were categorized into three groups based on implant surface treatment: sandblasted acid-etched implants (SLA, n = 27; Group 1), SLActive implants (n = 26; Group 2), and TiUnite implants (n = 25; Group 3). IL-1β levels in the PICF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the third month and first year post-implantation. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-tests, were performed, with a P-value of less than 0.05 indicating statistical significance.

Results:

IL-1β levels in the PICF were significantly higher in Group 3 (TiUnite implants) compared to Groups 1 (SLA) and 2 (SLActive) (P < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons at the third month (P < 0.05) and first year (P < 0.05) showed significant differences between the groups. Additionally, intragroup analysis revealed a significant increase in IL-1β levels from the third month to the first year within each group (P < 0.05)

Conclusion:

IL-1β concentrations in PICF were notably higher in patients with anodized implants (TiUnite), compared to those with sandblasted acid-etched implants (SLA and SLActive). These findings highlight the potential influence of implant surface treatment on peri-implant inflammation and bone resorption. Clinicians should consider implant surface treatment as a factor in managing inflammatory responses and ensuring long-term implant success. Future studies could explore the underlying mechanisms contributing to elevated IL-1β levels in anodized implants, and investigate the long-term effects of these surface treatments on bone healing and implant stability.
Evaluation of Effect of Poloxamer on Smear Layer Removal Using Apical Negative Pressure: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Prabha Chandra , Shetty Chitharanjan , Shetty Aditya
Published: December 2024

Aims:

The aim of this study was to assess the smear layer removal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), with and without the addition of poloxamer, in an in vitro model.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, 60 human premolars were randomly selected and decoronated to standardize the root length to 15 mm. The working length was set 1 mm short of the apex. The canals were instrumented to size F3 using the Protaper file system, with irrigation using NaOCl and saline between instrumentations. The samples were randomly divided into four groups based on the final irrigation protocol: Group 1 (n = 15) - 3% NaOCl with poloxamer, Group 2 (n = 15) - 17% EDTA with poloxamer, Group 3 (n = 15) - 3% NaOCl without poloxamer, and Group 4 (n = 15) - 17% EDTA without poloxamer. All samples were irrigated using an apical negative pressure system, and smear layer removal was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A five-graded scoring system was used to assess smear layer removal. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results:

The group irrigated with EDTA and poloxamer showed the most effective smear layer removal, with a median score of 2 in both the middle and apical thirds of the canal. The NaOCl with poloxamer group showed a median score of 3, while the NaOCl-only group had a median score of 5, indicating less efficient removal of the smear layer.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that the addition of poloxamer to NaOCl and EDTA improved smear layer removal by lowering the surface tension of the irrigants. The combination of EDTA with poloxamer exhibited the best smear layer removal, followed by NaOCl with poloxamer. The NaOCl-only group showed the least effectiveness. This enhanced smear layer removal improves irrigant penetration, particularly for NaOCl, and may also enhance its antimicrobial efficacy. Furthermore, poloxamer’s surfactant properties suggest its potential as a drug delivery agent for intracanal medicaments. The results suggest that incorporating poloxamer into root canal irrigation protocols can significantly improve the efficacy of smear layer removal, leading to better irrigation outcomes and improved penetration of medicaments. This could enhance the overall success of endodontic treatments, particularly by improving antimicrobial activity and facilitating more effective drug delivery to the root canal system. Future research could explore the long-term clinical effects of using poloxamer-enhanced irrigants in various root canal systems, as well as investigate its potential as a carrier for additional intracanal medicaments. Further studies should also examine the impact of poloxamer on the mechanical properties of the root canal dentin and its compatibility with other commonly used irrigants.
Grip to Health: Unlocking the Clinical Potential of Isometric Hand Grip Strength - A Narrative Review
Authors: Kothari Ruchi , Johny Marina P. , Mistry Dhruv , Irfana M , Yogesh S , Vemparala Sai Shanmukh
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Isometric hand grip strength (HGS) has emerged as a simple yet powerful biomarker of overall health and functional status, particularly in aging populations. This narrative review aims to explore the clinical significance of HGS, its association with various health outcomes, and its potential as a predictive tool for morbidity and mortality. The review synthesizes evidence from diverse studies to highlight the role of HGS in assessing muscle function, cardiovascular health, and overall vitality. It discusses the utility of HGS in clinical practice, including its application in screening for frailty, predicting surgical outcomes, and monitoring chronic disease progression. Furthermore, the review addresses the limitations and challenges in standardizing HGS measurements and the need for further research to fully realize its potential in healthcare settings.
Effectiveness of E-Learning in the Field of Biochemistry
Authors: Ambad Ranjit , Dhok Archana , Jha Roshan K.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

E-learning has gradually become tolerated in the teaching and learning process in higher learning institutions as one of the main learning aids, which enable learners get access to so many resources with so much ease. As in the field of biochemistry, in which concepts are complex and procedures are integral to the information, e-learning has its advantages and drawbacks. This study was designed with the intention to examine the suitability of e-learning model in the context of biochemistry course, more specifically, it was to identify the extent to which digital learning environment supports students’ understanding and real-life use of biochemical knowledge. Quantitative research comprises of the use of Survivors to obtain numerical data concerning the success of e-learning platforms concerning biochemistry. A survey is designed to have closed questions (such as the Likert scale) as well as demographic questions to capture. Closed questions measure participants’ views on e-learning tools, its utility and instructional usefulness as well as the demographic questions, which give a précis of participant profile and their past experiences in e-learning. The learning objectives laid down for the course were specific, measurable, and generic and included topics, such as enzyme kinetics, metabolic pathways, and protein structures. These were grouped into topic-based weekly work schedule. These sessions revealed that students who were attending the biochemistry courses are different, in that 71% of them agreed that the learning objectives for each of the modules, which were at the start of the course, served as a useful guide for understanding biochemistry as the learning objectives were well outlined at the start of the course. In about and through all of these recommendations, educational institutions will be able to design a more responsive and fair-blended e-learning environment that fosters success among learners and advanced understanding of biochemistry.
Assessment of Patient Satisfaction and Acceptance of Acupuncture as an Alternative Therapy in Dental Practice
Authors: Sarkar Tapas K. , Pandya Divya , Sharma Mohit , Kulavi Sandip , Dausage Priyanka , Banerjee Anwesha
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To evaluate patient satisfaction and acceptance of acupuncture in dental practice.

Methods:

This randomized controlled study involved 30 participants (15 males, 15 females, mean age 38.2 years) requiring mandibular third molar extraction. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either real or placebo acupuncture. Pain intensity was assessed using a 4-point scale, and patients’ acceptance of and satisfaction with acupuncture were measured. The study was conducted at an oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic.

Results:

Toothache was the most common dental issue (16.7%). Participants showed moderate to high levels of acceptance toward acupuncture (mean score of 3.37 on a 4-point scale) and satisfaction with the treatment (mean score of 3.50).

Conclusion:

The study demonstrates a positive reception of acupuncture in dental settings, with moderate to high levels of patient acceptance and satisfaction. These findings suggest that acupuncture could be a valuable adjunctive therapy in comprehensive dental care, particularly for pain management and anxiety reduction. However, further research is needed to fully establish its efficacy across various dental procedures.
The Impact of Periodontal Therapy on Systemic Inflammatory Markers and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Shrivastava Deepti , Alanazi Abdullah R. F. , Altimani Zayed M. A. , Alsalem Abdullah M. , Alam Mohammad K. , Srivastava Kumar C.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

A common inflammatory condition that damages the tissues that support teeth, chronic periodontitis has become more closely associated with systemic health conditions, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Materials and Methods:

In this randomized controlled experiment, 100 individuals with a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis were included. Two groups of participants were created: a treatment group (n = 50) that received scaling and root planning as well as other non-surgical periodontal care, and a control group (n = 50) that did not receive any treatment. Measurements were taken at baseline and 6 months after therapy for systemic inflammatory markers, including as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was used at the same intervals to evaluate the risk of CVD.

Results:

At 6 months after therapy, patients in the treatment group had substantial reductions in all measured inflammatory markers: CRP was down 30% (P < 0.01), IL-6 was down 25% (P < 0.05), and TNF-α was down 28% (P < 0.01). In the therapy group, the Framingham Risk Score dropped by 15% (P < 0.05), suggesting a lower chance of cardiovascular disease. There were no noteworthy alterations noted in the group under control.

Conclusion:

In individuals with persistent periodontitis, non-surgical periodontal treatment may minimize the risk of cardiovascular disease and considerably reduce systemic inflammatory indicators.
Evaluation of the Proximity of Root Apices of Maxillary Posterior Teeth to the Maxillary Sinus Floor using CBCT among Different Age Groups: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Rasool Nadia , Shetty S. Vidhyadhara , Buch Sajad A. , Nair Prathap MS , Kalaichelvan S , Jayasheelan Nishi
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The increased thickness of the Schneiderian membrane under pathological conditions may result in a thickness of up to 3 mm, thereby making it evident on the radiograph. Therefore, knowing that a thorough understanding of the anatomical correlation between maxillary sinus floor (MSF) and maxillary teeth is indispensable for the management of cases; this research was undertaken to evaluate the proximity of root apices of the maxillary posterior (RAMP) teeth to the MSF using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) among different age groups of the Indian population.

Methods:

CBCT scans of 150 patients were obtained from the institute’s database based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria; such that an equal number of samples were obtained in the following three age groups: Group 1 – Young group (20–44 years), Group 2 – Middle age (45–59 years), Group 3 – Elderly (60–70 years). CBCT images were assessed in multiple cross-sections using Planmeca Romexis software to evaluate the vertical relationship between the RAMP teeth and the MSF. All values thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

Of a total of 153 subjects included in our study, the number of males and females were 80 (52.3%) and 73 (47.7%), respectively, in the age group of 17–70 years where the mean age (and standard deviation) was 35.4 (12.4) years. The mesial, distal, and palatal root apices, respectively, of the maxillary second molar were closest to the MSF.

Conclusion:

Based on the observations, on comparing both sides, the difference noted in the roots of the maxillary first premolar – both buccal and palatal was statistically significant; but the influence of age and sex were found to be non-significant.
Lip Print Analysis to Predict Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Ethnicity Identification among Saudi and Kuwaiti Population
Authors: Abdul Nishath Sayed , Al Quraini Fatma Hassan , Alquraini Shammaa , Al Khaldi Reema , Al Saud Al Jouhara Nahar
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Lip prints, or cheiloscopy, have potential forensic and diagnostic applications. The present study was undertaken to assess the correlation between lip print patterns and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi and Kuwaiti female populations, as well as explore ethnic differences in lip print patterns.

Methods:

A descriptive study was performed among 121 female participants (30 diabetics and 91 non-diabetics) aged 20–65 years from Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Cheiloscopic patterns were analyzed using the Tsuchihashi and Suzuki categorization. Data analysis was done using the Chi-square test of association. For all analysis, level of significance was set below 5%.

Results:

Saudi diabetic females predominantly exhibited the vertical lip print pattern (67%), while the reticular pattern (73%) was most common in Kuwaiti diabetics. Non-diabetic participants in both groups primarily showed the undifferentiated pattern. Significant differences were found between diabetic Saudi and Kuwaiti females. The branched pattern (16.1%) in non-diabetic Saudis may indicate future risk for T2DM.

Conclusion:

Lip print analysis shows potential as a non-invasive marker for T2DM risk and ethnic differentiation. Further studies are needed to confirm its utility as a diagnostic tool.
Evaluation of Effects of Staining and Bleaching Agents on the Stability of Color for Microhybrid and Nanohybrid Resin Composite Restorative Materials – An In vitro Study
Authors: Virdy Simran , Dahiya Surya , Kukreja Navneet , Dhawan Rajan , Aggarwal Nidhi , Tiwari Mohini
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the color changes (ΔE) of two different composite resins after staining and bleaching.

Material and Methods:

A total of 100 specimens were prepared from microhybrid and nanohybrid composites. The samples were divided into five groups and stained for 30 days with tea, coffee, cola, red wine, or distilled water (control). Each group was further divided into two subgroups to receive a 14-day application of Opalescence PF or VivaStyle® Paint On Plus bleaching materials. The color of all samples was determined at baseline, after staining, and after bleaching. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent sample t-test.

Results:

The highest ΔE values were observed in the red wine groups for both composites. Bleaching agents decreased ΔE values; however, they were unable to return the values to baseline values.

Conclusion:

Staining and bleaching may affect color, depending on the type, filler, and matrix content of the composite resin.
Assessment of Lag Screws in Treatment of Anterior Mandibular Fracture
Authors: Chowdhury Esha , Ebenezer Vijay
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the results of treating anterior mandibular fractures with lag screws, focusing on specific clinical and radiographic characteristics.

Method:

Ten patients with anterior mandibular fractures were selected and given anesthesia. A local anesthetic with a vasoconstrictor (1:80000 adrenaline) was used at the surgical site. A vestibular incision of 3–4 mm was made, extending from 34–44. A gauze pad and the blunt side of a periosteal elevator were used to lift the mucoperiosteal flap. Metrogyl irrigation was then performed to remove any fibers stuck to the bone. The fracture site was exposed and the fracture edges were refined. Intermaxillary fixation was carried out once the broken fragments were minimized. Two lag screws, ranging in length from 16 to 20 mm, were used to secure the fragments, depending on the needs of each case.

Result:

Fracture stability, occlusion, mental nerve injury, screw position, accuracy of reduction, bone healing, tenderness, and edema were assessed up to the sixth week. Significant improvement was observed in all parameters by the end of the sixth week.

Conclusion:

The effectiveness of this treatment approach has been gained through a thorough examination of radiographic examinations, patient-reported metrics, and clinical outcomes.
Assessment of Herbal Medicament in Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus Lesion
Authors: Singh Ravinder , Singh Cheena , Aggarwal Nidhi , Nayak Sushruth , Nayak Prachi , Dahiya Veenu , Saidath K
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Comparative assessment of effectiveness of topical coconut cream, pomegranate, and Tacrolimus 0.1% in treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP) lesion.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty patients with histologically confirmed symptomatic OLP exhibiting gingival manifestation were included in this investigation. Group A received topical coconut cream, Group B received pomegranate, and Group C received topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment. The participants were split into these three groups. For six months, the participants were told to use topical medicines twice a day. For the purpose of monitoring any relapse, the patients were summoned back one, three, and six months after the therapy was stopped.

Result:

Both the extent of the lesion and the burning sensation/pain were significantly reduced in all groups of participants.

Conclusion:

The size of the lesion and the burning feeling were significantly reduced when using coconut cream. For the treatment of OLP, tacrolimus, coconut cream, and pomegranates are viable topical pharmaceutical alternatives.
Comparative Long-Term Outcomes of Formocresol, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and Laser Pulpotomy Techniques in Primary Teeth
Authors: Suprakasam Suprasidh , Kakkachi Parambil Reshma S. , Hari Krishnan , Viswanathan Priya , Abraham Irene , Mathai Ebin T.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Pulpotomy is a common dental procedure used to treat extensively decayed primary teeth, aiming to preserve the vitality and function of the remaining pulp tissue. Various pulpotomy techniques and materials have been developed, but their long-term outcomes in terms of success rates and complications remain a subject of ongoing research.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 180 primary molars from children aged 4–8 years were treated using three different pulpotomy techniques: Formocresol (n = 60), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) (n = 60), and Laser Pulpotomy (n = 60). Follow-ups were conducted at 6, 12, and 24 months posttreatment to evaluate clinical and radiographic success. Clinical success was defined by the absence of pain, swelling, and mobility, while radiographic success was indicated by the lack of internal resorption, furcation radiolucency, and periapical pathology.

Results:

At the 24-month follow-up, the clinical success rates were 80% for Formocresol, 95% for MTA, and 90% for Laser Pulpotomy. Radiographic success rates were 75% for Formocresol, 92% for MTA, and 88% for Laser Pulpotomy. MTA demonstrated the highest overall success rates, with statistically significant differences compared to Formocresol (P < 0.01) but not Laser Pulpotomy (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) showed superior long-term outcomes compared to Formocresol and comparable results to Laser Pulpotomy for the treatment of primary teeth.
Assessing Cephalometric Changes in Deep Bite Correction: An Analysis of Class II Division 1 Orthodontic Patients Treated with the Reverse Curve of Spee Archwire
Authors: Sinha Abhishek , Jain Sulabh , Kunjappan Shiji M. , Jai Vini Akanksha , Kamble Ranjit , Jadhav Avantika Vijaysingh
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze cephalometric changes associated with deep bite correction using the Reverse Curve of Spee (RCS) archwire in class II division 1orthodontic patients.

Methods:

A total of 168 orthodontic patients (aged 12-25 years) with diagnosed deep bite malocclusion underwent deep bite correction using RCS archwires between January 2019 and December 2020. Cephalometric radiographs were taken at various time points to assess skeletal and dental changes. RCS archwires were customized based on individual treatment plans, and a structured follow-up schedule was implemented to monitor progress and make necessary adjustments.

Results:

The study analyzed cephalometric changes in the entire cohort, considering age and gender subgroups. Preliminary findings indicate significant improvements in overbite reduction and dental alignment. Subgroup analyze reveal potential age-related variations in treatment response, with younger patients demonstrating slightly more favorable outcomes (Changes in overbite: -2.0 mm, P = 0.05). Gender differences in cephalometric changes are also observed, suggesting the need for gender-specific considerations in deep bite correction (Changes in dental alignment: -1.5 mm in males, -1.2 mm in females, P = 0.03).

Conclusion:

This retrospective analysis provides valuable insights into the cephalometric changes associated with RCS archwire intervention for deep bite correction.