bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Selected Macroeconomic Variables on Market Capitalization of Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Avonde Anne  , Muthoga Samuel
Published: June 2024

This study examined the effects of selected macroeconomic variables on the market capitalization of the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya during the period 2010- 2022, based on the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) using quarterly data. The autoregressive distributed lag model technique was applied to test how market capitalization was affected by the macroeconomic variables. Gross domestic product, money supply, and inflation were stationary at the level while interest rate, market capitalization, and exchange rate became stationary at first difference. From the empirical results, no co-integration between market capitalization and exchange rate, money supply, interest rates, Gross domestic product, and inflation was found by use of bounds test. Money supply and inflation had a weak influence on market capitalization; interest rate, Gross Domestic Product, and first lag of the exchange rate were positive and affected market capitalization, while the exchange rate at the current level affected market capitalization negatively. It was concluded that macroeconomic variables affect market capitalization. The study recommends that the government need to put up relevant policies that increase gross domestic product. Policymakers need to consider macroeconomic variables during policy formulation on market capitalization.
The Media and the Administration of Elections in Cameroon
Authors: Dr. Mbamome Divine Nkendong
Published: June 2024

One of the critical ways to determine the degree of democracy in a country is to see how free its press is. However, it is not only about seeing how the press is free but also how well it is participating in the political process, including the administration of elections. This paper argues that in Cameroon, the political liberalism of the early 1990s was associated with the emergence and proliferation of press freedoms. This 'new' media has been involved in the administration of elections in two fundamental ways: political communication and political socialization. The mass media in Cameroon has contributed to providing Cameroonians with political facts, raising public awareness and, to some extent, keeping the government responsive to demands for electoral reforms. The print newspaper, TV, and radio combined have emerged as prominent political communication and political socialization forces in the political landscape. However, they have not really operated without partisan tendencies. They continue to grapple with some challenges, which are mostly connected with door-to-door, face-to-face, limited/disproportionate outreach and coverage, government control of media and social media.
Human Capital Investment and Organizational Performance: A Theoretical Review
Authors: Jemmy Mutua  , Ruth Kimanthi  , Dr. Jacinta Kinyili
Published: June 2024

Skill and capacities present in the workforce, if put to productive use, can be vital determinants of a nation's long-term profit gains. Building employees' competence through skill acquisition is an important yardstick in measuring an organization's performance. Keeping into account the importance of investing in human resources in an organization, the current study tries to review existing literature and research work on human capital and organization investment with a main focus on human capital accumulation, human capital depletion and human capital drivers. The study reviewed existing literature that shows the relationship between human capital and organization investment, which shows either a firm performing well or projecting poor performance. The review has shown that human capital accumulation, human capital depletion and human capital drivers have a positive influence on the performance of an organization when proper investment strategies are adopted. The findings also show that organizations that invest in developing their human capital project growth, positive performance and survival of firms in very competitive environments.
Phishing URL Detection: A Basic Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Onyiagha Chyke Godfrey  , Yanwalo George Fwa  , Ajimah Nnabueze Edmund
Published: June 2024

Phishing is currently one of the most trending scam attacks in information transmission worldwide. Such occurrences can cause severe network disruption to corporate organizations, financial and/or educational institutions and even individual network subscribers. Phishing attacks would normally involve developing a malicious webpage mimicking a legitimate website. This lures unsuspecting users into giving out personal information, such as banking details, social security numbers, passwords, usernames, etc. A phishing fraudster sends an e-mail or text message to a target webpage that contains its Universal Resource Locator (URL). The result could be monetary loss, data breach, intellectual property theft, damaged reputation, and loss of customers. In this paper, we propose a simple phishing detection approach. Moreover, because the impostor is always evolving attacking techniques in a bid to evade detection, our method addresses this using a supervised machine learning system. From the website content, we extract the stochastic dynamical patterns and then use this to predict the authenticity of the website. The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm is used to model the website features to obtain a better prediction result. The proposed technique can detect phishing websites with an accuracy of 86.6%.
Evaluación de la implementación del programa de alimentación escolar en cali. El PAE al tablero
Authors: Zapata Christian , Caicedo-Muñoz Silvia
Published: June 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar la implementación del Programa de Alimentación Escolar (School Feeding Programs)[PAE] en Cali durante el periodo 2016-2019, con un énfasis en su componente de formación de hábitos de alimentación saludable. Metodológicamente se utilizó el análisis documental para estudiar la evolución del programa a nivel nacional y local, así como la influencia de la nueva gestión pública en él desde su creación en 1936. Además, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas a actores involucrados que se analizaron y cruzaron con los documentos del proyecto utilizando la metodología de redes temáticas para caracterizar el programa en relación con la Teoría del programa. Los resultados principales indican que, si bien el programa es eficiente, que existen fallas en la teoría de la implementación. Conclusiones. El programa de alimentación escolar requiere ajustes en el diseño, para lograr progresivamente indicadores de efecto asociados a la generación de hábitos alimenticios; así como favorecer el monitoreo y la relación de causalidad. Los resultados aportan a la construcción de conocimiento evaluativo sobre procesos de la nueva gestión pública, en particular, con relación a la efectividad.
La eficiencia técnica en educación secundaria y salud en países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo: una estimación para 2018
Authors: Castañeda-Rodríguez Víctor Mauricio
Published: June 2024

Este documento emplea un análisis envolvente de datos (DEA) de dos etapas para estimar la eficiencia técnica en educación secundaria y salud para 59 y 73 países, respectivamente, utilizando datos de 2018. El análisis aborda cuestiones importantes, como la incidencia de valores atípicos y la incorporación de variables no discrecionales. Aunque otros trabajos utilizan cifras monetarias (por ejemplo, gastos) como insumos debido a la dificultad de acceder a unidades físicas, nosotros evitamos esta práctica por el riesgo que implica, como no considerar la incidencia de diferentes estructuras de costos sobre la cantidad de productos que se obtienen con la aplicación de los respectivos recursos financieros; además, hay relativamente pocas publicaciones sobre eficiencia que incluyan más de un sector. Según el estudio, la eficiencia técnica orientada a la producción en el sector de la salud es mayor que en el sector de la educación, con índices de eficiencia de 0,995 y 0,887, respectivamente. Asimismo, los países más eficientes en cada caso son aquellos que obtienen mayores cantidades de outputs, no necesariamente los que utilizan menos insumos.
Design and psychometric validation of a Customer Analytics Capabilities (CAC) scale: empirical evidence in Colombian organizations
Authors: Maya Restrepo María Alejandra , Pérez Rave Jorge Iván
Published: June 2024

A pesar de que la medición de las capacidades de analítica del cliente (CAC) ha venido despertando interés entre académicos y empresarios, se carece de un instrumento que sintetice y describa las principales rutinas organizativas implicadas en tal constructo, sobre la base de manifestaciones empíricas aportadas por la literatura científica. El estudio busca aportar al cierre de esta brecha, mediante el diseño y validación psicométrica de un modelo de medida de las CAC. La muestra comprende datos de encuestas de 101 empresas colombianas; la fuente de información corresponde a profesionales de áreas de mercadeo o analítica. Se utiliza un marco de analítica psicométrica, el cual incorpora análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Se obtienen dos modelos de medida plausibles: uno unidimensional y otro tridimensional. El tridimensional consta de 10 ítems agrupados en los factores: capacidad para la analítica de captura de clientes, capacidad para la analítica del sostenimiento de clientes, y capacidad para la analítica de la evaluación económica de clientes. Éste satisface criterios de ajuste, validez de contenido, validez convergente y discriminante, fiabilidad y equidad (examinando área, cargo e infraestructura para analítica) y es útil cuando se desea profundizar en las dimensiones que conforman las CAC. El modelo unidimensional contiene 14 ítems, también presenta calidad psicométrica y es útil cuando se desea una aproximación parsimoniosa al atributo general de las CAC, sin requerir profundización o segmentación según dimensiones. Las escalas desarrolladas hacen medibles las CAC, a partir de un conjunto de rutinas que reconfiguran capacidades operacionales tradicionales en mercadeo. A su vez, facilitan la ejecución de diagnósticos organizativos confiables y la definición de agendas de trabajo para departamentos de analítica. Igualmente, propician futuros trabajos de relacionamiento entre las CAC y el desempeño empresarial.
أثر استراتيجية مكفرلاند في تحصيل مادة التاريخ لدى طلاب الصف الرابع الادبي
Authors: احمد عرسان محمد مصطفى
Published: June 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على أثر استراتيجية مكفرلاند في تحصيل مادة التاريخ لدى طلاب الصف الرابع الادبي. استخدم الباحث التصميم التجريبي ذا الضبط المحكم، اختار الباحث الصف الرابع الادبي في اعدادية المغيرة بن شعبة التابعة لمديرية تربية الانبار، والمتمثلة بالشعبة(ب) لتمثل المجموعة التجريبية التي تدرس على وفق استراتيجية مكفرلاند, ومثلت الشعبة (ا) المجموعة الضابطة التي تدرس بالطريقة التقليدية، وبلغ عدد الطلاب (60) طالبا بواقع (30) طالبا في كل شعبة. تم مكافأة المجموعتين في المتغيرات: العمر الزمني للطلاب بالشهور, والذكاء, اعد الباحث اداة البحث الاختبار التحصيلي, وتم التحقق من الصدق  و ثبات الاداة، استخدم اختبار (T-test) لمعالجة البيانات, أظهرت النتائج تفوق المجموعة التجريبية التي درست على وفق استراتيجية مكفرلاند في التحصيل،  وأوصى الباحث بتوصيات ومقترحات عدة.
Look into the Future: Life Values and Orientations of Modern Youth in Yakutia
Authors: Zakharova Akulina E.
Published: June 2024

The article contributes to the discussion about the values and life strategies of modern youth using the example of a study of students in the northern region of Russia. The article presents some results of a sociological survey aimed at studying the life world, social and political orientations of students of three federal universities of Yakutia (NEFU, ASICA, ChSIPhES). Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the distribution of life values and orientations, factors of success and happiness, as well as the ratio of the respondents' civil and regional identities. The sociological study ‘Students of Russia: Civic Culture and Life Strategies’ was conducted by the Centre of Political Science of SPR FCTAS RAS in April-May 2023. The object of the study is Russian students. The study used a quota-proportional all-Russian sample with interdependent characteristics of the general population: gender, age, place of residence, level of education received and areas of higher education. The sample size is 6389 respondents, with 468 students in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The data analysis revealed the priority of material-economic and socio-emotional life values in the individual matrices of young people. Material prosperity, interesting work, family stability, emotional ties with family members and friends, education, as well as autonomy, independence, individualism are the most significant in the lives of students. The spatial levels of identity and the degree of emotional attachment to local and global territorial communities, as well as the attitude of young people in Yakutia to Russia have been revealed. Student youth optimistically builds an image of the future of Yakutia and Russia, relying on traditional values and family, while being open to the global society, mostly relying on their own experience and competences.
Perspectives of Pregnant Women Regarding the Use of Mobile Phones for Antenatal Health Education: A Qualitative Study in Rural Southwestern Kenya
Authors: Malachi Zillah , Kivuti-Bitok Lucy , Jebet Cheptum Joyce
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Pregnant women face a myriad of challenges ranging from anxiety, myths and misconceptions concerning pregnancy, diet, and general antenatal care because of inadequate health education during the antenatal period. There are extensive studies on mobile phone use in primary care; however, only a few qualitative studies have been conducted to establish the usefulness of these devices in antenatal education. Therefore, this study aimed to explore pregnant women’s views on mobile phone use in antenatal education.
Methods: This study utilised a qualitative study design. It was conducted in rural health facilities in southwestern Kenya. Focus group discussions were used to collect data which were analysed thematically using ATLAS.ti version 23.
Results: The overall theme that emerged from the study was “antenatal education is beneficial, and if provided via a preferred mode of mobile phone communication, can bridge the gap in antenatal education content.” The participants perceived antenatal education through mobile phones as beneficial and complementary to the information received during routine antenatal care. Most of the participants felt that antenatal education should be given through a preferred mode of mobile phone communication.
Conclusion: Mobile phones have the potential to improve the quality of antenatal education provided during pregnancy.
A PERSPECTIVA DOS EDUCADORES SOBRE O USO DA LITERATURA INFANTIL COMO RECURSO MEDIADOR PARA ABORDAGEM DA MORTE
Authors: Brito Hávila Raquel do Nascimento Gomes , Câmara Cândida Maria Farias , Maia Anice Holanda Nunes , Carneiro Stânia Nágila Vasconcelos
Published: June 2024

A literatura infantil se apresenta como recurso mediador de temas tratados socialmente como tabus, sendo a morte parte dessa categoria. Nesse sentido, o estudo em questão buscou analisar a perspectiva dos educadores sobre o uso da literatura infantil como recurso mediador para abordagem da morte com crianças no ambiente escolar. Esta é uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada, exploratória e descritiva, de caráter qualitativo. Teve como campo uma instituição escolar filantrópica. A amostra foi composta por dez educadores, com os quais foram realizados três Grupos Focais, com duração de 1 hora e 30 minutos cada. Nos grupos, foram abordados tópicos como a abordagem da morte com crianças e o uso da literatura infantil nesse diálogo. Para melhor interlocução entre os participantes, foram utilizados oito livros infantis que retratavam a morte. A análise dos dados foi realizada pela técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin, tendo computado em três categorias. Como resultados, foi possível averiguar que os educadores analisam o diálogo desse tema como difícil. Constatou-se que, antes de ter o contato com a literatura especialista no tema, os participantes consideravam o retrato da morte nos livros infantis – clássicos – como vago, consequentemente não viam a possibilidade de uso deles. Após o contato com os livros, ponderaram ser executável o uso deles na escola e pensaram em formas de inseri-los. Por fim, conclui-se que é necessária a realização de pesquisas nessa temática, para instigar a sociedade à reflexão sobre isso, bem como disseminar informações a esse respeito.
A need to integrate healthcare services for HIV and non-communicable diseases: An Indian perspective
Authors: CHAUHAN AROHI , SINHA ABHINAV , MAHAPATRA PRANAB , PATI SANGHAMITRA
Published: June 2024

With the decline in HIV mortality, a concomitant increase in morbidity and death not directly related to HIV has been witnessed. Consequently, many countries especially low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are now facing the dual burden of HIV and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). 2.3 million people living with HIV in India are at a higher risk of developing NCDs due to ageing, which can be attributed to the additional impact of long-standing HIV infection and the side-effects of antiretroviral therapy. This has led to a rise in demand for a combined health system response for managing HIV infection and co-existing NCDs, especially in LMICs such as India. The health and wellness centres (HWCs) envisioned to provide an expanded range of preventive and curative services including that for chronic conditions may act as a window of opportunity for providing egalitarian and accessible primary care services to these individuals. The reasons for integrating HIV and NCD care are epidemiological overlap between these conditions and the similar strategies required for provision of healthcare services.
Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of falls in the elderly
Authors: ALZAHRANI MAJED SAEED , VENNU VISHAL
Published: June 2024

Numerous studies have investigated the causes of falls in the elderly. However, there is little information about metabolic syndrome (MS) as a risk factor for falls in older adults. No evaluations have given a qualitative overview of studies examining the relationship between MS and falls in the elderly. We did a literature search in electronic databases to look for studies that assessed a link between MS and falls among people over the age of 55 years. We found three studies of high quality. These included 2774 people with an average age of 72 years. Even after controlling for other risk factors, two studies found that MS was significantly associated with an older adult’s 1.3–2.5-fold increased risk of falling. We found that MS and its independent components were strongly linked with falls among the elderly, even after correcting for numerous variables.
Proceedings of the 3rd BINA Workshop: Scientific Potential of Indo-Belgian Co-operation
Authors: Joshi Santosh , De Cat Peter , De Becker Michaël , Kolenberg Katrien , Mondal Soumen , Ganesh Shashikiran , Mahy Laurent , Karinkuzhi Drisya , Yadav Abhay Pratap , Baug Tapas , Pandey Jeewan C. , Misra Kuntal , Stalin C.S. , Veerabathina Nilakshi , Joshi Bhuwan , Berghmans David , Van Doorsselaere Tom
Published: June 2024

In this report, we present an overview of the 3rd BINA workshop hosted by ARIES, Nainital on a broad theme the Scientific potential of the Indo-Belgian co-operation. Further, an introduction of the proceedings of the 3rd BINA workshop is also delineated along with possible areas where there is potential to extend Indo-Belgian cooperation in the current era of multi-wavelength astronomy. These proceedings contain a total of 94 articles that are based on results presented in the form of 35 oral and 59 poster presentations during the workshop. The participants of the workshop strongly recommend the further continuation of the BINA activities since the necessary foundation work has already been accomplished.
Optical Spectroscopy of Comets
Authors: Aravind Krishnakumar , Ganesh Shashikiran
Published: June 2024

Comets are pristine remnants of the Solar system, composed of dust and ice. They remain inactive and undetectable for most of their orbit due to low temperatures. However, as they approach the Sun, volatile materials sublimate, expelling dust and creating a visible coma. Spectroscopic observations of comets help the simultaneous study of both the gas emissions and reflected sunlight from dust particles. By implementing a long slit, the spatial variations in molecular emissions can be analysed to be further used for other computations. Additionally, spatial information aids in extracting the characteristic profile of the Afρ parameter, revealing insights into the behaviour of dust emissions. A sufficiently long slit would prove advantageous in extracting information about the emissions occurring at different parts of the coma or even the tail. We can gain an overall comprehensive understanding of a comet’s chemical composition and dust emission by constructively utilising low-resolution spectroscopy with the help of a long slit.
Characterization of the Eclipsing Binary System EPIC 211982753
Authors: Panchal Alaxender , Joshi Yogesh Chandra
Published: June 2024

We present the physical parameters of an eclipsing binary system EPIC 211982753 derived through photometric and radial velocity data modeling. We make use of photometric data from NASA’s K2 mission, ASAS-SN, and 1.3-m Devasthal Fast Optical Telescope (DFOT) while spectroscopic data have been acquired from the HERMES spectrograph at 1.2-m Mercator telescope. The linear ephemeris for the system is updated using the K2 mission data. The synthetic lightcurve and radial velocity curves are generated with the help of eclipsing binary modeling package PHOEBE 1.0. The masses of primary and secondary components are determined as 1.64 ±0.02 and 1.55 ±0.01 M⊙, respectively. The radius for primary and secondary components are estimated as 1.73 ±0.02 and 1.47 ±0.02 R⊙, respectively. The distance of the system is calculated as 238 ± 4 pc. The eclipsing binary is found to be a total eclipsing system with a high mass ratio of q=0.94.
Blue Straggler Stars of NGC 7789 and NGC 2506 Using AstroSat/UVIT
Authors: Vaidya Kaushar , Panthi Anju , Jadhav Vikrant , Rao Khushboo Kunwar , Pandey Sindhu , Subramaniam Annapurni , Agarwal Manan
Published: June 2024

Blue straggler stars are intriguing objects that seem to defy the standard theory of single-star evolution. They manage to elongate their main-sequence lifetimes by acquiring mass either in a direct stellar collision or through mass transfer in a binary or in mergers. We study the candidate blue straggler stars in two intermediate-age open clusters NGC 7789 and NGC 2506 using the far-UV and near-UV observations from the UV imaging telescope of AstroSat in combination with other multi-wavelength data. Around 45% of blue straggler star candidates show an excess in the UV wavelengths and are fitted with two-component spectral energy distributions. We detect most of these blue straggler stars to contain a low-mass or extremely low-mass white dwarf as a hot companion, whereas some yellow straggler stars and red clump stars with white dwarfs of normal mass or high mass as a companion. Based on our analysis, we infer that around 36% of blue straggler stars have likely formed via mass transfer by the Case-A/Case-B mechanism in these two clusters.
Abundances of Extreme r-Process Elements in a Sample of CEMP-rs Stars
Authors: Riyas Muhammed , Karinkuzhi Drisya , van Eck Sophie
Published: June 2024

We analyze high-resolution spectra of five carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars acquired using Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES). Assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), we derive the abundances of extreme r-process elements such as Tb, Ho, Tm, and Yb using TURBOSPECTRUM radiative transfer code with MARCS model atmospheres. Four of the program stars have their atmospheric parameters adopted from our previous studies, while for CS 22947-187, we determine the atmospheric parameters (Teff = 5200 K, log g = 1.5, ξ = 1.70 km s−1, and [Fe/H] = −2.55) using the BACCHUS code in semi-automated mode. These stars are already classified as CEMP-rs stars (i.e., carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars with enrichment of elements from both slow and rapid neutron-capture processes), using our new classification criteria for CEMP stars. The derived r-process abundances for our program stars are similar to those for rI and rII stars of similar metallicity.
Multiwavelength View of Massive Binaries
Authors: Arora Bharti , De Becker Michaël , Pandey Jeewan Chandra
Published: June 2024

The high luminosity of massive, early-type stars drives strong stellar winds through line scattering of the star’s continuum radiation. Their momenta contribute substantially to the dynamics and energetics of the ambient interstellar medium in galaxies. The detailed multiwavelength study of massive O-type and Wolf-Rayet binaries is essential to explore the hydrodynamics of the shocks formed in the stellar outflows and wind structure. Further, deep analysis of some of the interesting phenomena like particle acceleration and dust formation associated with hot stars’ winds provides a global view of stellar outflows. In this context, a few massive binaries have been explored using photometric and spectroscopic measurements in different wavebands. This paper highlights important insights gained from investigating massive binaries with several ground and space-based facilities.
GraL Spectroscopic Identification of Multiply Imaged Quasars
Authors: Jalan Priyanka , Negi Vibhore , Surdej Jean , Boehm Céline , Delchambre Ludovic , den Brok Jakob Sebastian , Dobie Dougal , Drake Andrew , Ducourant Christine , Djorgovski S. George , Galluccio Laurent , Graham Matthew J. , Klüter Jonas , Krone-Martins Alberto , LeCampion Jean-François , Mahabal Ashish A. , Mignard François , Murphy Tara , Nierenberg Anna , Scarano Sergio , Simon Joseph , Slezak Eric , Sluse Dominique , Spindola-Duarte Carolina , Stern Daniel , Teixera Ramachrisna , Wambsganss Joachim
Published: June 2024

Gravitational lensing is one of the most efficient tools for studying the Universe. However, spectral confirmation of such sources necessitates thorough calibration. This paper discusses the spectral extraction technique for the case where multiple source spectra are close to each other. Using the masking technique, we first identify high signal-to-noise (S/N) peaks in the CCD spectral image corresponding to the location of the source spectra. This technique calculates the cumulative signal via a weighted sum, providing a reliable approximation for the total counts contributed by each source spectrum. Subsequently, we proceed with the removal of the contaminating spectra. Through the application of this method, we confirm the nature of 11 candidate lensed quasars.
Onset and Evolution of Solar Flares: Application of 2D and 3D Models of Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Joshi Bhuwan , Mitra Prabir Kumar , Veronig Astrid , Bhattacharyya Ramit
Published: June 2024

Contemporary multi-wavelength observations have revealed various important features during solar flares. On one hand, these observations support the two-dimensional (2D) “standard flare model,” while on other hand, they also call for exploration of three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field topologies involved in flares. Traditionally, the formation of parallel ribbons on both sides of the polarity inversion line (PIL) and associated overlying loop arcades have been recognized as the most prominent features of eruptive flares, forming the basis for the development of the standard model that provides a 2D description of flare-associated phenomena. However, the actual flare occurs within a more complicated 3D magnetic structure. Thus, despite its general applicability, the standard model has limited or no scope in explaining some features that exclusively require a 3D description. In this context, the observations of “circular ribbon flares” stand out, where one of the ribbons presents an almost fully closed quasi-circular or quasi-ellipsoidal shape, providing evidence of the involvement of a typical fan-spine magnetic configuration. In this article, we discuss observational features vis-à-vis theoretical understanding of solar flares in view of 2D and 3D models of magnetic reconnection. We highlight a few complex cases of circular ribbon flares exhibiting parallel ribbons, a coronal jet, and/or an erupting magnetic flux rope. Exploring various 3D topologies also enables us to probe similarities between the circumstances that govern the onset of jets, confined flares and CME-producing eruptive flares.
РОЛЬ АНГЛИЙСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ В ВОСПИТАНИИ МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ НА ЗАНЯТИЯХ ПО ИНОСТРАННОМУ ЯЗЫКУ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Купряшин С.А. , Шленская Н.М.
Published: June 2024

Воспитание младших школьников на факультативных уроках английского языка через изучение английской литературы представляет собой уникальный и важный аспект обучения. Цель статьи – рассмотреть особенности обучения младших школьников иностранному языку на основе работы с художественной литературой на примере сказки Беатрис Поттер «The Tale of Peter Rabbit”. Работа с художественной литературой помогает не только развить у детей навыки чтения текста, а также учит их определять заложенный в тексте глубокий смысл и развить словарный запас. Классическая английская литература также помогает сформировать у детей понятия о духовных и нравственных ценностях, научиться сопереживанию. Эмотивная лексика помогает учащимся понять чувства и состояния главных героев. Изучение английской литературы способствует развитию культурной грамотности учащихся, углубляет их понимание мировой литературы, истории и культуры англоязычных стран. Это может способствовать формированию нравственных ценностей и открытого отношения к миру.
Zeolites from an Exile: Czekanowski’s collection from the Lower Tunguska expedition
Authors: Генералов М.Е.
Published: June 2024

Собранную полтора века тому назад на Нижней Тунгуске знаменитым исследователем Сибири А.Л. Чекановским коллекцию минералов, находящуюся в фондах Минералогического музея, можно рассматривать как памятник истории и культуры. В ней представлены одни из первых минералогических образцов региона. Сопоставление имеющихся в коллекции музея образцов и сведений о них с дневниковыми записями исследователя позволяют уточнить геологическую обстановку соответствующих проявлений, скорректировать привязки и оценить этапы формирования коллекции Музея в начале XX века.

The Fersman Mineralogical Museum holds a mineral collection that was gathered 150 years ago on the Lower Tunguska River by Aleksander Czekanowski, the famous explorer of Siberia. This collection can be considered as a historical and cultural heritage. It includes one of the first mineralogical samples from the region. By comparing the samples in the museum’s collection and the explorer’s journal entries, we can (were able to) improve our understanding of the geological environment and the geographical name of the samples’ localities, as well as the history of the Museum collection’s growth in the beginning of the XX century.
Himalayan Buddhism as Human Geological Agency: Rethinking the Novelty of "the Anthropocene"
Authors: Millington Alice
Published: June 2024

This article uses a Himalayan Buddhist lens to critically interrogate a fundamental premise of "the Anthropocene"---that the epoch commemorates a "newfound" capacity of humans to mobilise Earth forces. Rather, Himalayan Buddhism has long held that humans wield geological agency, mobilised through relationships with territorial landscape deities, which inflict severe weather in retaliation for human moral infractions. Offering an alternative model of anthropogenic climate change, Buddhist and Indigenous lifeworlds challenge Western convictions that "the Anthropocene" is a novel planetary epoch. Since the term has gained a vibrant discursive life beyond geology, its cultural assumptions---rather than biophysical thresholds---are primarily evaluated, revealing an extension of Eurocentric colonial logic into this new planetary chapter. Alternatively, I suggest the Himalayan Buddhist term "kawa nyampa" (degenerate era) better encapsulates our transition towards environmental breakdown. There was no need to "invent" the Anthropocene as a new epoch of thought---it had long already existed.
The Spatiality of Buddhism in Shenzhen: Exploration Through Guattari’s Three Ecologies
Authors: Shmushko Kai
Published: June 2024

This article explores the spatiality of Buddhism in the metropolis Shenzhen through its revitalization process in the past decades alongside the rapid expansion of the city. The author explores Buddhist practice communities within an urban village (chengzhongcun 城中村) and the central Buddhist temple build in the same neighbourhood. The article aims to illuminate some of the particularities and tensions of urbanization, environment, and the revival of Buddhism in the PRC. Building on Felix Guatarri's thesis of the three ecologies, the author presents a descriptive account of the main active communities in the examined neighbourhood. Furthermore, the article argues that, in order to understand the workings of Buddhist configurations in contemporary urban China, we must look at the registers of the environment, social structure, and human subjectivity. The article suggests that these three ecologies are interconnected and make up the ecology of Shenzhen Buddhism.
Productive and qualitative profile of unexploited microgreen genotypes from Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae and Portulacaceae families
Authors: Bonasia Anna , Lazzizera Corrado , La Rotonda Paolo , Santoro Anna Maria , Botticella Lucia , Elia Antonio , Conversa Giulia
Published: June 2024

Microgreens combine visual, taste, flavor and bioactive qualities based on genetic selection, making them a gastronomic novelty. In the present study, ten microgreen genotypes were investigated in terms of biometrical traits (fresh yield, dry matter concentration, and main color indices) alongside compositional analyses, involving cations, nitrate, vitamin C, phenols, and glucosinolate profile. The genotypes were selected from Brassicaceae (five), Chenopodiaceae (one), Portulacaceae (one) and Asteraceae (two) families, according to the availability of unexploited local varieties beyond the commercial ones. The microgreens were cultivated hydroponically in a controlled environment. Distinct genotypic variations were observed for each measured biometric and qualitative trait, with substantial differences noted between and within species. Among the ten genotypes, the underutilized purslane stood out for vitamin C (30 mg 100 g-1 f.w.), Mg (39 mg 100 g-1 f.w.), and the remarkably low nitrate content (7 mg 100 g-1 f.w.). White mustard exhibited the highest levels of glucosinolates (171 mg kg-1 f.w.), phenols (190 mg g.a.e. 100 g-1 f.w), and notable concentrations of cations such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium. From a nutritional perspective, ‘Mugnolo’ (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) proved less suitable as a microgreen due to its highest Na/K ratio (2.28) and generally the low content of other minerals, phenols, vitamin C, and glucosinolates. The findings of this study hold significance for selecting new microgreen species/varieties that align with the preferences and requirements of both consumers and producers.
Biocatalytic N-Halogenation Enabled by Vanadium-Dependent Haloperoxidases
Authors: Sharma Manik , Patton Zoe E. , Shoemaker Carlie R. , Bacsa John , Biegasiewicz Kyle F.
Published: June 2024

Nitrogen-containing compounds are valuable synthetic intermediates and targets in nearly every chemical industry. While methods for nitrogen-carbon and nitrogen-heteroatom bond formation have primarily relied on nucleophilic nitrogen atom reactivity, molecules containing nitrogen-halogen bonds allow for reactivity through electrophilic or radical mechanisms at the nitrogen center. Despite the growing synthetic utility of nitrogen-halogen-containing compounds, selective catalytic strategies for their synthesis are largely underexplored. We recently discovered that the vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase (VHPO) class of enzymes are a suitable biocatalyst platform for nitrogen-halogen bond formation. Herein, we show that VHPOs perform selective halogenation of a range of substituted benzamidine hydrochlorides to produce the corresponding N’-halobenzimidamides. This biocatalytic platform is applied to the synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from the corresponding N-acylbenzamidines in high yield and with excellent chemoselectivity. Finally, the synthetic applicability of this biotechnology is demonstrated in an extension to nitrogen-nitrogen bond formation and the chemoenzymatic synthesis of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy treatment, ataluren.
Hydrogenolysis of haloboranes: from synthesis of hydroboranes to formal hydroboration reactions
Authors: Zwart Guilhem , Mifleur Alexis , Nicolas Emmanuel , Cantat Thibault
Published: June 2024

Hydroboranes are versatile reagents in synthetic chemistry, but their synthesis relies on energy-intensive processes. Herein, we report a new method for the preparation of hydroboranes from hydrogen and the corresponding haloboranes. Triethylamine (NEt3) form with dialkylchloroboranes a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) able to split H2 and afford the desired hydroborane with ammonium salts. Unreactive haloboranes were unlocked using a catalytic amount of Cy2BCl, enabling the synthesis of commonly used hydroboranes such as pinacolborane or catecholborane. The mechanisms of these reactions have been examined by DFT studies, highlighting the importance of the base selection. Finally, the system's robustness has been evaluated in one-pot B-Cl hydrogenolysis/hydroboration reactions of C=C unsaturated bonds.
Advanced Control in Truncated Silver Nanoplate Synthesis: Tunable Size, Thickness, and Plasmonic Properties
Authors: Fernández-Lodeiro Adrián , Fernández-Lodeiro Carlos , Nuti Silvia , Pérez-Juste Ignacio , Pastoriza-Santos Isabel , Pérez-Juste Jorge , Carbo-Argibay Enrique , Capelo José Luís , Lodeiro Carlos , Fernández-Lodeiro Javier
Published: June 2024

We present a seed-mediated approach for producing silver nanoplates with customizable size and thickness, offering high yield and precise optical properties. Leveraging ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the seed-mediated synthesis, we employ small single-crystal silver seeds as a foundation. The interaction between Ag+ and EDTA at different pHs dynamically controls silver complexation/reduction kinetics during seed overgrowth, yielding truncated nanoplates with superior optical responses. The pH adjustment within the range of 8 to 10.5 enables manipulation of nanoplate growth, resulting in a flexible optical response spanning 519 to 1006 nm associated to morphological changes (size and thickness). Additionally, nanoplate overgrowth extends plasmon resonance up to ca. 2000 nm. Notably, the incorporation of Adenosine 5’ monophosphate (AMP) enhances nanoplate stability and more important, enables precise thickness adjustment, independent of growth kinetics. Our method offers a systematic approach to tailor nanoplate morphology and optical properties with unprecedented precision.
Non-fertilizer uses of phosphorus
Authors: Schipper Willem
Published: June 2024

Phosphorus is a non-substitutable element required for the storage of genetic information, energy transfer and the structural integrity of biological systems. Agricultural use of phosphorus fertilizers and supplements aims to balance the biological phosphorus stoichiometry, for optimal growth and yield of crops and animals. Most of the commercial phosphorus industry aims to produce phosphates and polyphosphates for agricultural sector, particularly for fertilizer, animal feed and the food/beverage industries. However, about 10% of the mineral resources are allocated for non-fertilizer uses via thermal processing of phosphate rock to elemental phosphorus as the tetrahedral P4 molecule, which is then stabilized as P4 derivatives for controlled production of hundreds of phosphorus-containing compounds with diverse chemistry and practical uses. True P4 derivatives are made only from P4 and include intermediates such as phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), phosphorus trichloride (PCl3), phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3), phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), phosphorus pentasulphide (P2S5), phosphines (containing PH3), red P (amorphous elemental P), hypophosphites (H2PO2-) and phosphides (P3-). This review explains the synthesis and applications of these non-fertilizer phosphorus compounds as flame retardants and plastic stabilizers, for metal sequestration and extraction, in catalyst ligands, as electrolytes in batteries, as crop protection agents and as anti-wear substances.
Molecular picture of electric double layers with weakly adsorbed water
Authors: Jia Mei , Wang Junyi , Liu Qixiang , Yang Xiaohui , Zhang Chao
Published: June 2024

Water adsorption energy Eads is a key physical quantity in sustainable chemical technologies such as (photo)electrocatalytic water splitting, water desalination, water harvesting. In many of these applications, electrode surface is operated outside the point (potential) of zero charge, which attracts counter-ions to form the electric double layer (EDL) and controls the surface properties. Nevertheless, the relationship between water adsorption energy Eads and EDLs is not fully understood, in particular for electrode surfaces with weakly adsorbed water. Here, by applying density functional theory-based finite-field molecular dynamics simulations, we have studied the effect of water adsorption energy Eads on surface acidity and the Helmholtz capacitance of BiVO4 as an example of metal oxide electrodes with weakly chemisorbed water. This allows us to establish the effect of Eads on the coordination number, the H-bond network, the orientation of chemisorbed water by comparing a oxide series composed of BiVO4, TiO2 and SnO2. In particular, it is found that a positive correlation exists between the degree of asymmetry ∆CH in the Helmholtz capacitance and the strength of Eads. This correlation is verified and extended further to graphene-like systems with physisorbed water, where EDLs is controlled by electronic charge rather than proton charge as in the oxide series. Therefore, this work reveals a general relationship between water adsorption energy Eads and EDLs, which is relevant to both electrochemical reactivity and electrowetting of aqueous interfaces.
Multifunctional Chiral Silanol Ligands for Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Chang Yun-Pu , Blanco-Herrero Kevin , Alturaifi Turki , Fettinger James , Liu Peng , Franz Annaliese
Published: June 2024

We report transition metal catalysis using novel chiral metal-chelating ligands featuring a silanol coordinating group and peptide-like aminoamide scaffold. The catalytic properties of the silanol ligands are demonstrated through an enantioselective Cu-catalyzed N−H insertion affording unnatural amino acid derivatives in high selectivity. Our investigations into the silanol coordination mode include DFT calculations, ligand analogs, NMR and X-ray structure analyses, which support the formation of an H-bond stabilized silanol-chelating copper carbenoid complex. A π-π stacking interaction revealed by DFT calculations is proposed to enable selectivity for aryl diazoacetate substrates, overcoming the traditional limitations of using these substrates.
Enhancing Resource Recovery through Electro-Assisted Regeneration of an Ammonia-Selective Cation Exchange Resin
Authors: Apraku Edward , Laguna Chloe Marie , Wood Robert Matthew , Sharma Neha , Dong Hang , Tarpeh William
Published: June 2024

Ammonia-selective adsorbents can manage reactive nitrogen in the environment and promote a circular nutrient economy. Weak acid cation exchangers loaded with zinc exhibit high ammonia selectivity but face two implementation barriers: the stability of the zinc-carboxylate bond in complex wastewaters and energy- and logistics-intensive adsorbent regeneration with acidic solutions. In this study, we examined the stability of the zinc-carboxylate bond in varying solutions (pure ammonium solution, synthetic urine, and real urine) and during electro-assisted regeneration. For electrochemical regeneration, both electrolyte concentration and current density influenced the tradeoff between ammonia regeneration and zinc elution. Using 10 mM K2SO4 anolyte at 0.08 mA/cm2 current density, we achieved 4% zinc elution and 61% ammonia regeneration. In contrast, using 100 mM K2SO4 at 4.96 mA/cm2 improved regeneration efficiency to 97% but eluted 60% of zinc. We found that the electrolyte concentration was the key factor influencing the regeneration efficiency of NH3-selective adsorbents. Due to prevalent zinc elution, we designed an in-situ procedure for reforming the zinc-carboxylate bond and achieved similar adsorption densities between pre- and post-regenerated resin, thus enabling multiple cycle resin use. Ultimately, this study advances the understanding of ammonia-selective resins that can facilitate high-purity, selective, and durable nutrient recovery from waste streams.
Investigating the non-radiative photo-processes of unnatural DNA base: 7-(2-thienyl)-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (Ds) - A computational study
Authors: Ghosh Paulami
Published: June 2024

7-(2-thienyl)-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (Ds) is an unnatural nucleic acid which forms stable pair with Pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (Pa) in DNA. This Ds-Pa pair gets stablization via van der Waals interaction and shape fitting. In our previous study, we investigated the non-radiative photo-processes of Pa and also there are some studies on its stability and reactivity in the ground state. But to form a good unnatural base pair, one has to understand its stability not only in the ground state but also in the excited states after absorbing UV radiation. For this reason, in this study, we investigate the excited state photo-processes of Ds on UV irradiation and it's non-radiative decay channels. We have used EOM-EE-CCSD method to calculate the excitation energies at equilibrium. To construct the potential energy surfaces (PESs), we have employed complete active space based methods such as SA-CASSCF, MS-CASPT2 and SS-CASPT2.