bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Sensitivities of Geodetic Processing Methods for Rapid Earthquake Magnitude Estimation
Authors: Dittmann Tim , Hodgkinson Kathleen , Morton Jade , Mencin David , Mattioli Glen S.
Published: January 2022

Rapid earthquake magnitude estimation from real-time space-based geodetic observation streams provides an opportunity to mitigate the impact of large and potentially damaging earthquakes by issuing low-latency warnings prior to any significant and destructive shaking. Geodetic contributions to earthquake characterization and rapid magnitude estimation have evolved in the last 20 yr, from post-processed seismic waveforms to, more recently, improved capacity of regional geodetic networks enabled real-time Global Navigation Satellite System seismology using precise point positioning (PPP) displacement estimates. In addition, empirical scaling laws relating earthquake magnitude to peak ground displacement (PGD) at a given hypocentral distance have proven effective in rapid earthquake magnitude estimation, with an emphasis on performance in earthquakes larger than ∼Mw 6.5 in which near-field seismometers generally saturate. Although the primary geodetic contributions to date in earthquake early warning have focused on the use of 3D position estimates and displacements, concurrent efforts in time-differenced carrier phase (TDCP)-derived velocity estimates also have demonstrated that this methodology has utility, including similarly derived empirical scaling relationships. This study builds upon previous efforts in quantifying the ambient noise of three-component ground-displacement and ground-velocity estimates. We relate these noise thresholds to expected signals based on published scaling laws. Finally, we compare the performance of PPP-derived PGD to TDCP-derived peak ground velocity (PGV), given several rich event datasets. Our results indicate that TDCP-PGV is more likely than PPP-PGD to detect intermediate magnitude (∼Mw 5.0–6.0) earthquakes, albeit with greater magnitude estimate uncertainty and across smaller epicentral distances. We conclude that the computationally lightweight TDCP-derived PGV magnitude estimation is complementary to PPP-derived PGD magnitude estimates, which could be produced at the network edge at high rates and with increased sensitivity to ground motion than current PPP estimates.
Ready for Real Time: Performance of Global Navigation Satellite System in 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, Rapid Response Products
Authors: Goldberg Dara E. , Haynie Kirstie L.
Published: January 2022

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) have undergone notable advancement in the last few decades, leading to the availability of a dataset with capabilities well beyond its original intended purpose. The proliferation of high-rate (1 Hz or greater) GNSS receivers in areas of seismological interest now allows for routine consideration of dynamic earthquake ground motions, with centimeter-level displacement accuracy via precise point positioning methods. Real-time (RT) GNSS observations, from stations that are both telemetered and processed to displacement with minimal latency, have lower accuracy compared to post-processed (PP) GNSS displacements due to imprecise knowledge of atmospheric conditions, satellite clocks, and satellite orbits in RT. Whether the quality of RT high-rate GNSS is sufficient for use in rapid response products remains to be thoroughly examined. Here, we highlight RT GNSS displacement time series processed during the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake in the context of common rapid-response products, magnitude estimation, and kinematic fault-slip models. We discuss how these data can be used to supplement RT seismic data for rapid characterization of significant earthquakes. We find that kinematic fault-slip models using RT GNSS data retain the general spatiotemporal characteristics of those with PP data, with subtle differences in size and amplitude of modeled slip asperities. We demonstrate the effect of these rapid seismic source models using RT GNSS data on the U.S. Geological Survey product ShakeMap—a downstream ground-motion prediction algorithm informed by the rupture dimensions estimated in the slip model. Discrepancies in the ShakeMap estimate are minor, within ±12% change, with the most severe variation at the fault edges. Our analysis suggests that, when used in conjunction with available seismic data sources, RT GNSS is sufficient and valuable for rapid earthquake characterization.
Kinematic Slip Model of the 2021 M 6.0 Antelope Valley, California, Earthquake
Authors: Pollitz Fred F. , Wicks Chuck W. , Hammond William C.
Published: January 2022

We present a kinematic slip model of the 8 July 2021 Antelope Valley earthquake from a finite-source inversion based on regional seismic waveforms and static offsets from Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). Seismic waveforms are employed at 6 s dominant period out to 100 km from the epicenter, and the combined GPS and InSAR datasets cover the near field and far field out to ∼100 km and constrain the overall rupture size. The aftershock pattern defines a nearly north-striking, 50° east-dipping fault plane. We find a unilateral rupture along this fault plane propagating southward and updip with predominantly normal slip up to ∼1.5 m. The estimated seismic moment of 8.47×1017  N·m is equivalent to Mw 5.92. A finite-source inversion that retains seismic waveforms and GPS static offsets but omits InSAR range changes yields a seismic moment of 1.08×1018  N·m (Mw 5.99). Despite vigorous aftershock activity between 10 km and Earth’s surface, coseismic slip is concentrated in the depth interval 7–10 km.
Educating Jurors about the Phenomenon of False Confessions with Juveniles
Authors:   , Burke Stephanie C. , Goldstein Naomi E
Published: January 2022

Expert witnesses may be used at trial to educate jurors about information beyond their typical scope of knowledge or to help them understand evidence. Previous research on expert witness testimony regarding false confessions is mixed, and no published studies to date have examined expert testimony specifically as it relates to juvenile false confessions. Given expert testimony on false confessions is occasionally prohibited at trial, other means of educating the public are also warranted. The present study investigated jury-eligible citizens' knowledge of false confessions and whether education, via an expert witness testimony video or a false confession TED Talk, improved the accuracy of, relative to a control video, jurors' knowledge and decision making regarding a vignette-based juvenile defendant who falsely confessed. Results revealed the 284 participants, recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and social media sites, had substantial knowledge of false confessions. Nonetheless, results of a 2x3 mixed factorial ANOVA indicated that, compared to the control video, both expert witness testimony and the TED Talk significantly improved jurors' knowledge. Although condition did not impact the verdict assigned to the juvenile defendant, the TED Talk led a greater proportion of participants to report it very likely the defendant falsely confessed, whereas the expert witness video led participants to have greater confidence in their confession decisions, compared to the control video. Along with study limitations, policy and practice implications on the use of expert witness testimony and ways of educating jury-eligible citizens about false confessions are discussed.
Mental Health, Stress, and Provider Care in Female Fertility Treatment
Authors:   , Spiecker Navy Colleen , Geller Pamela A
Published: January 2022

Many adults view their lives as a series of milestones. One of the largest and most culturally universal of these landmarks is the experience of parenthood. For people with female biology, the role of motherhood may be integral to one's identity; however, the path to biological parenthood is not always linear. As of 2018, 33% of Americans had received fertility treatments themselves, or knew someone who had. Many within this population have a diagnosed fertility problem, which may involve female factors, male factors, or both. It is additionally important to note that for the LGBTQIA+ community, fertility treatment is often a necessity to achieve parenthood. The experience of fertility treatment in this population, as compared to their heterosexual/cisgender counterparts, is vastly understudied. The current study examined how fertility treatment due to medically diagnosed fertility problems or biological reproductive incompatibility impacts associated stress, depression, anxiety, and healthcare provider experience. The study evaluated responses from both LGBTQIA+ and heterosexual/cisgender populations. Female participants currently undergoing fertility treatment were recruited online. Participants self-reported demographic information, anxiety and depressive symptoms, healthcare provider experience, fertility-related stress, and appraised importance of motherhood. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze the percent of explained variance in fertility-related stress by identification as LGBTQIA+, existence of a medical fertility problem, importance of motherhood, and interpersonal aspects of provider care. Independent samples t-tests were used to analyze the relationship between sexuality and mental health symptomology (e.g., anxiety and depression). Additional exploratory analyses were also performed.
Alternativas de enseñanza adoptadas por los profesores universitarios para motivar el aprendizaje en los contextos de aula
Authors: Benavides Martínez Benigno
Published: January 2022

Introducción: Este artículo se enfoca en el estudio de la enseñanza universitaria, específicamente analiza las decisiones tomadas por el profesor en su rol de enseñanza, ante las expectativas formales de los actores educativos y las condiciones concretas del aula, las cuales suelen distanciarse en mayor o menor medida. El profesor se coloca en el centro de la toma de decisiones de las acciones docentes, pero debe seleccionar los cambios pertinentes que incidan positivamente en el aprendizaje. Metodología: Se basa en la construcción de categorías relativas al análisis de las expectativas y las formas seleccionadas por los profesores para despertar y mantener la atención de los estudiantes, así como para reconocer sus diferencias individuales dentro y fuera del aula. La información se obtuvo a través de entrevistas aplicadas en la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (México). Resultados y Discusión: Los profesores son quienes toman las decisiones de enseñanza en el aula, identificando la motivación como uno de los factores de mayor motricidad en el sistema. Conclusiones: Resalta la importancia de resignificar los procesos educativos en correspondencia con los perfiles de los actores.
Riqueza ambiental no monetaria: Una aproximación conceptual para su reflexión desde la escuela
Authors: Rojas-Suárez Yancy Judith , Hernández Barbosa Rubinsten
Published: January 2022

Introducción: Colombia se reconoce como país megadiverso, cuyo coste se ha calculado con fines de riqueza económica, y no se han considerado otras formas que trasciendan el valor monetario. En este artículo se describen variables de riqueza ambiental no monetaria, producto de un trabajo de revisión documental de corte descriptivo y analítico. Metodología: Se desarrolló en tres fases: búsqueda y selección de la información desde bases de datos de acceso libre; organización de la información, para lo cual se construyó una matriz en excel; y análisis de la información considerando las etapas propuestas por Bardín, referidas a preanálisis, aprovechamiento del material, tratamiento de los hallazgos. Resultados y discusión: La caracterización de las variables de riqueza ambiental no monetaria invita a reflexionar sobre la importancia y la responsabilidad que tiene la escuela para que éstas sean objeto estudio, reconocimiento y valoración desde las aulas de clase. Lo anterior en el marco de una educación ambiental que propenda, en los diferentes niveles educativos, por la defensa y apropiación del ambiente, como también para establecer orientaciones, mecanismos y recursos para su reconfiguración, especialmente en la escuela. Conclusiones: La formación en educación ambiental fundamenta la concepción de estrategias que contribuyen al bienestar de las comunidades donde se privilegia la importancia de satisfacer las necesidades básicas y minimizar el impacto de las actividades humanas.
La educación inclusiva en la escuela contextualizada desde la pandemia
Authors: Cruz Picón Pablo Emilio , Hernández-Correa Lady Jazmmin
Published: January 2022

Introducción: La sociedad y los sistemas escolares actuales han sido puestos a prueba por la Pandemia. En este sentido, la educación inclusiva no ha sido ajena a esta problemática y se encuentra en una situación de posible vulnerabilidad. Por tal razón, el objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar en la relevancia pedagógica del aprendizaje inclusivo, su utilidad y aplicabilidad en el aula en tiempo de COVID-19. Metodología: Está enmarcada en el enfoque cualitativo utilizando el tipo de investigación hermenéutico. La técnica aplicada se asentó en la reseña analítica de registro documental, de modo que, por este medio, se realizó el análisis directo de varios documentos, los cuales permiten delimitar la concepción, relevancia, estado y aplicabilidad de la educación inclusiva en la escuela desde el contexto de la pandemia. Resultados y discusión: Se evidencia el riesgo de la exclusión educativa, tal como lo han venido monitoreado los organismos internacionales: la crisis sanitaria, ligada al déficit e inflación económica pueden maximizar la vulnerabilidad de los estudiantes. Conclusiones: La emergencia sanitaria puede crear un espacio de oportunidad para repensar, reflexionar, analizar y debatir cómo los programas educativos de emergencia inciden en los niños, niñas y jóvenes con necesidades especiales.
The problem of adipose degeneration of the paraspinal muscles in patients after surgery for degenerative stenosis
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Shnyakin P.G. , Botov A.V. ,   Regional Clinical Hospital, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Milyokhina I.E. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Rudenko P.G. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Arkhipkin S.V. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

Degeneration of the multifidus muscle of the back after stabilizing operations on the lumbar spine and its impact on rehabilitation measures remains understudied. There are isolated data in publications on the partial effectiveness of minimally invasive surgery, but the problem has not been completely solved, there is no data on the effect of physical therapy and physiotherapy methods on the progress of degeneration of the multifidus muscle of the back. Purpose To study the effect of electroneuromyostimulation and physical therapy in the postoperative period in decompression-stabilizing operations on the progress of adipose degeneration of the multifidus muscle of the back. Materials and methods The parameters of the multifidus muscle of the back were analyzed and determined in 3 groups of patients who underwent operations with stabilizing systems in the lumbar spine: in group I (n = 56), it was recommended to limit physical activity for 2 months after surgery and wear a semi-rigid corset; in group II (n = 41), early rehabilitation was initiated in the form of physical therapy with the continuation of the recommended exercises after discharge, in group III (n = 43), patients after discharge were recommended to limit physical activity, but with the use of electroneuromyostimulation on the paravertebral muscles 2 times a day lasting 15–30 minutes. All patients underwent clinical examination, MRI, MSCT to assess the condition of the multifidus muscle. Results In group II, there was a decrease in the rate of adipose degeneration of the multifidus muscle, but with increase in pain and decrease in life quality compared to group I. Patients of group III had the lowest rate of increase in adipose degeneration with less pain and a higher level of life quality compared to groups II and I. Conclusions A combination of early postoperative stimulation for two months with a subsequent transition to physical therapy is optimal; otherwise exceeding the functional threshold may cause disruption of adaptation systems.
Comparative determination of the mechanical strength of the grafts models of the half of the peroneus longus tendon and the semitendinosus tendon (experimental study)
Authors:   Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Mikhaylov I.N. , Puseva M.E. ,   Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russian Federation,   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Balzhinimaev D.B. ,   Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Semenov A.V. ,   Irkutsk Regional Bureau of Forensic Medicine, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Verkhoturov V.V. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation,   Kaliningrad State Technical University, Kalinigrad, Russian Federation, Verkhoturova E.V. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation,   Kaliningrad State Technical University, Kalinigrad, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

Purpose To perform the comparative assessment of the mechanical strength of models of semitendinosus and peroneus longus tendon grafts prepared using the GraftLink technique. Materials and methods Tendon material was collected on the base of the Irkutsk Regional Bureau of Forensic Medicine. The main stage of the mechanical strength study of graft models was carried out at the National Research Irkutsk State Technical University, the Department of Strength of Materials, using universal tension testing desk-standing machine Shimadzu AGS-10kNXD. The mechanical strength of graft models of tendon of the semitendinosus and peroneal longus muscles, prepared by a known method (GraftLink technique) was defined. Statistical data processing was carried out using the statistical software Statistica for Windows 10.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA; license holder is the Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology). We used a nonparametric method for defining the statistical significance of differences, i.e. the Mann-Whitney test. Differences in the compared groups were considered statistically significant in p < 0.01. Results The mechanical strength of the graft harvested from the semitendinosus muscle tendon according to the known technique averaged out at 351.8 ± 133.0 N, and the mechanical strength of the graft from the half of the peroneus longus tendon, prepared in a known manner, averaged out at 632.4 ± 193.7 N. Statistically significant differences were revealed (p <0.01). Discussion Our study is the only one that shows the results of studying the mechanical strength of allografts prepared by two different techniques. In addition, we identified two phases of the graft rupture, when the free end of the graft being the weakest site of the graft ruptures during the first phase Conclusion The rupture of the graft from the half tendon of the peroneus longus muscle, prepared using the GraftLink technique, occurred at a force of 632.4 ± 193.7 N, which is 1.8 times more than the graft from the semitendinosus muscle prepared using the GraftLink technique.
The point prevalence of post-partum perinatal mental health disorders and associated psychosocial characteristics in Malta: a study protocol
Authors: Buhagiar Rachel , Bettenzana Kristina
Published: January 2022

Background: Perinatal mental health disorders are considered to be a major public health concern. Left untreated, maternal psychopathology can extent to the rest of the family unit, and increase the risk of psychological and psychiatric co-morbidity in the child.  Thus, a better understanding of the overall burden of these disorders is fundamental to inform policy makers and produce practice change. Worldwide, perinatal mental health disorders are known to affect approximately 20% of pregnant and postnatal women.  However, the prevalence of these disorders in Malta, an island in the center of the Mediterranean Sea with approximately 4,000 births annually, remains unknown. The primary objective of this cross-sectional study will be to address this gap in knowledge and define the local prevalence of perinatal psychopathology.

Methods: A representative sample of 300 postnatal women from birth up to one year after childbirth, resident in Malta, will be recruited through a stratified random technique. Participation will involve two phases.  In the first stage, selected participants will be asked to self-complete the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), the generalized anxiety disorder-7 item (GAD-7), the Yale Brown obsessive compulsive scale (YBoCS), the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-V (PCL-5), and the difficulties in emotional regulation scale (DERS) questionnaires.  In the second stage, those women who score equal or above the cut-off values in any of these questionnaires, will be assessed using the diagnostic mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) to confirm or refute a diagnosis of a mental health disorder.

Conclusions: In addition to determining the local prevalence, scores from the self-report instruments will be correlated with MINI diagnostic outcomes to determine the best cut-off value for a provisional diagnosis for each of these tools. Basic demographic details and psychosocial characteristics will be recorded.
Assessment of thyroid function status in transfusion dependent thalassemic children
Authors: Mazumder Abul Basher M. Osman Hayder , Begum Suraiya , Parvin Roksana , Akter Salma , Shanta Sumya Afrin
Published: January 2022

Background: Frequent blood transfusions have been associated with serum iron overload, which may result in hypothyroidism and other endocrine abnormalities in transfusion dependent thalassemic patients. Thyroid dysfunction has been reported in a number of studies on these pts. The aim of the study is to assess the thyroid function status among the transfusion dependent thalassemic children.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the department of transfusion medicine, department of Pediatric hematology and oncology and department of hematology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university (BSMMU), Dhaka for a period of 18 months. A total number of 86 children with transfusion dependent thalassemia who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were studied. Demographic data as well as history of blood transfusion and chelation therapy were collected. Thyroid function and iron load status were evaluated by measuring serum FT4, TSH and ferritin levels.Results: Out of 86 thalassemia patients, euthyroid patients were 77 (89.5%) and hypothyroid patients were 9 (10.5%). Eight (9.3%) patients were compensated and 1 (1.2%) was uncompensated hypothyroidism. Statistically significant association was found between number of blood transfusion and serum ferritin level (≥2000 ng/ml) with development of hypothyroidism in thalassemic patients. Mean ferritin level was higher in hypothyroid (4797.8±2027.4 ng/ml) group than in euthyroid (3628.8±2448.5 ng/ml) groups.Conclusions: Frequency of hypothyroidism was 10.5% (compensated 9.3% and uncompensated 1.2%). Number of blood transfusion and ferritin level were found significantly associated with the development of hypothyroidism in thalassemic patients.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome seen in a case of acu tepost-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: a case report
Authors: Bindu Nagaraju Swetha , T. Neha Reddy K. , Varma Dandu V. S. Sanjay , Hirevenkanagoudar Usha
Published: January 2022

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical and radiological condition that involves the acute onset of headache, confusion, optical impairments, and seizures with accompanying vasogenic edema on brain imaging. Here is a 12 years old male patient presented with complaints of swelling in the face and legs, headache and vomitings. He had a history of fever, sore throat and tonsillitis 12 days back. On physical examination weight and height of the patient was between 25-50th percentile, BP was 142/92 mmHg (>99th centile), he had pretibial +2 edema and periorbitol edema. At presentation urine analysis showed haematuria, proteinuria at nephritic level, elevated urea and creatinine, increased ASO titre, low C3 and C4 levels. After admission, he had an episode of convulsion when BP was 162/98 mm hg. Magnetic resonance imaging brain showed bilateral occipital, parietal, frontal cortex and subcortical white matter T2/Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensitie, suggestive of PRES. EEG was found to be normal. MRI was found to be normal in the first month after starting on antihypertensive and anticonvulsive treatment. In the first year of the follow-up, the blood pressure, neurological examination and urinalysis findings were found to be normal. Thus, it is suggested that early diagnosis of PRES in patients with clinical features and prompt treatment will prevent permanent neurologic sequale.
Study of clinical presentations of lung cancer in tertiary level hospital
Authors: Jadhav Sharad , Handa Ajay , Kumar Sharwan , Chowdhury G. S.
Published: January 2022

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed worldwide. It is also the leading contributor to cancer-related mortality, resulting in around 1.38 million cancer deaths per year worldwide. The aim and objective of the study was to study the clinical presentations including paraneoplastic manifestations and metastatic effects of lung cancer and to identify reasons for delay in diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods: Hospital based observational study was conducted on 100 consecutive cases.Results: Mean age of the cases with lung cancer was 56.36 years and 30% of the cases. Male predominance was seen with 63% males to 37% females. Tobacco smoking was present in 59% cases while exposure to second hand smoke and biomass fuel was seen in 11% and 9% patients. Most common presenting symptoms were cough (22.21%), chest pain (16.13%), fever (14.37%), dyspnea (11%) and hemoptysis (5.22%). Most common type of lung tumor was Adenocarcinoma (53%) followed by Small cell carcinoma (22%) and Squamous cell carcinoma (19%). Mutation analysis by molecular testing where possible in 76.66% NSCLC cases and showed with RAS (26.19%), EGFR (23.8%), ALK1 (11.9%) and ROS (4.7%) mutation. Stage I and II of lung cancer was seen in 17% cases while stage III and IV was seen in 39% and 44% cases respectively.Conclusions: Present study shown tobacco smoking as the most common risk factor in the causation of lung cancer (59%) followed by passive smoking (11%) and biomass fuel exposure (9%). Mortality in the present study was 72% in 2 years of follow up and Median survival in the study was 11 months. We recommend high index of suspicion in the high-risk groups as smokers and those with chronic respiratory diseases to avoid delay in diagnosis.
Liquid biopsy as a diagnostic and prognostic tool — A systematic review
Authors: Basak Jaydeepa , Arshiya Ara Syeda
Published: January 2022

Liquid biopsy refers to a non-invasive technique of obtaining body fluid in order to analyse circulating biomarkers indicative of carcinomatous diseases. The characterization of these liquid biomarkers help in diagnosis and to choose the therapeutic strategy for each different case. Oral and oropharyngeal cancers are the largest group of those cancers which fall into the head and neck cancer category. Common names for it include mouth cancer, tongue cancer, tonsil cancer, and throat cancer. This systematic review summarizes 11years (2009 -2020) studies done on liquid biopsy in oral and head and neck carcinoma from electronic search engines such as PUBMED, MEDLINE, GOOGLE J-GATE to get the overview of clinical significance of circulating biomarkers (CTCs, ctDNA, Exosomes, miRNA, lncRNAs, Cytokeratin 20mRNA) as diagnostic and prognostic tool. The impact of liquid biopsy in clinical settings is still limited thus allowing further studies in a bigger perspective to discover the best scenario for its application.
Traumatic airway injury, sinking Trachea: An unusual presentation
Authors: Sathe Nilam , Chavan Kamini , Gaikwao Ashwzni Kumar , Thangi Lalpek
Published: January 2022

Airway injuries are one of the less commonly encountered types of cases in the emergency department Neck lacerations can involve the superficial layers of skin, superficial fascia, deep structures including the airway and less commonly the structures encased in carotid sheath. Airway injuries are potentially life threatening. In this case report we present a cut throat case presented to the emergency services at our institute in an unusual way. And it was challenging case to treat as the trachea has got transacted and sinked into thorax.

A 35-year-old male, laborer by profession, had sustained multiple injuries while lowering granite slab from a truck. He presented with a cut over his throat, and injury to his leg. He complained of pain in chest while breathing, difficulty in phonation, difficulty and pain while walking. He had a contused lacerated wound over the lower half of his neck .Deeper examination of the wound revealed that the trachea had been transected in half of its circumference. The lower tracheal segment was sinking in thorax due to complete transaction of trachea. Tracheostomy tube was placed in the lower segment. Patient was taken up for emergency airway assessment under general anesthesia and immediately resection and anastomosis surgery of trachea was performed in the same emergency operation theatre on the same day. Patient was taken up for emergency airway assessment under general anesthesia and immediately resection and anastomosis surgery of trachea was performed in the same emergency operation theatre on the same day. The challenge was to search the lower intrathoraccic segment of trachea & to pull it in the neck to perform resection anastomosis surgery.

: Although airway injuries may not always be present in a case of lacerations of the neck, careful assessment is necessary to evaluate airway integrity even when the patient has no respiratory issues A carefully done & accurately placed tracheostomy helps not only to secure the airway but also makes any possible future airway surgery have a better outcome and thus reduce postoperative morbidity. Timely decision making, careful patient selection and aseptic & meticulous surgical technique reduces intraoperative complications, postoperative morbidity and also makes earlier functional recovery possible.
SINERGITAS KEGIATAN KEAGAMAAN DAN LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KONSELING DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN ALTRUISME
Authors: Nurhayati Eni , Rozikan Muhamad
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki tiga tujuan yaitu: (1) mengetahui kegiatan keagamaan di SMP N 2 Suruh (2) mengetahui layanan bimbingan konseling di SMP N 2 Suruh (3) mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pengembangan altruisme di SMP N 2 Suruh. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data yang diperoleh berasal dari observasi dan wawancara mengenai kegiatan keagamaan, layanan bimbingan konseling dan faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam mengembangkan altruisme di SMP N 2 Suruh. Pada penelitian ini, informasi diperoleh dari guru keagamaan, guru bimbingan konseling, dan siswa di SMP N 2 Suruh. Informan yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 4 orang yang terdiri dari satu guru keagamaan, satu guru bimbingan konseling, dan dua siswa SMP N 2 Suruh. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kegiatan keagamaan dan layanan bimbingan konseling yang digunakan yaitu dengan mensosialisaikan, pendekatan, kebersamaan, keteladanan dalam melaksanakan ibadah, menerapkan nilai-nilai keagamaan, dan menajalankan kegiatan keislaman. Faktor pendukung dalam mengembangkan altruisme di SMP N 2 Suruh yaitu kondisi latar belakang agama, keadaan siswa, dan guru, kondisi sekitar sekolah, fasilitas sekolah, adapun faktor pengahambat dalam mengembangkan altruisme di SMP N 2 Suruh yaitu kesadaransiswa, orangtua dan lingkungan sekitar
Reporte de caso: placenta percreta con previa embolización de vasos anómalos
Authors: Meneses-Parra Angy Lorena , Niño-González Jorge Ernesto , García Riaño Diego Armando
Published: January 2022

El acretismo placentario es una de las complicaciones obstétricas más temidas. Se entiende como el proceso de inserción placentaria anormal, secundario a un procedimiento quirúrgico, lo que ocasiona un error de decidualización en el área cicatricial que lleva a la profundización anormal del trofoblasto. La frecuencia de esta patología ha ido en aumento debido al incremento en la tasa de cesáreas en los últimos años. El caso se presenta en el hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael en Bogotá, se trata de una paciente de 36 años, gestación de 37,1 semanas, con antecedente de cesárea previa, en quien se evidenció percretismo placentario; luego del nacimiento, se dejó placenta in situ y así el servicio de cirugía endovascular realizó embolización de vasos anómalos, lo que disminuyó el sangrado en la histerectomía diferida. Se comprobó evolución favorable y seguimiento de la paciente hasta ser dada de alta de la institución sin complicaciones. Actualmente existen diversos abordajes terapéuticos, entre ellos la histerectomía posterior de la cesárea y el manejo médico hasta involución de la placenta e histerectomía diferida, todos encaminados a disminuir complicaciones asociadas, entre las cuales las más frecuentes son la hemorragia, los requerimientos de transfusión y los días de hospitalización e infección, con el fin de disminuir la morbimortalidad materna extrema.
Trombocitopenia inmune primaria refractaria en el embarazo. A propósito de un caso
Authors: Sacristán Rodríguez Paola Andrea , Sánchez Gutiérrez Sandra Milena , Bonilla Cortés Leonardo
Published: January 2022

La trombocitopenia inmune primaria (TIP) es un trastorno autoinmune común que afecta de forma variable a pacientes de todas las edades, géneros y razas. Su diagnóstico excluye todas aquellas trombocitopenias secundarias a otras enfermedades autoinmunes, infecciones o por medicamentos, de manera que no se evidencia alteración alguna en las restantes líneas celulares. Más del 80 % de las trombocitopenias autoinmunes responden de forma favorable a tratamientos de primera línea y, del 20 % restante, hasta un 60 % resolverá con medidas de segunda línea. Solo de un 35 a un 8 % no responderá al manejo convencional, configurando así una trombocitopenia inmune refractaria, de modo que se convierte, en sí misma, en un reto terapéutico. La incidencia de la trombocitopenia inmune refractaria se desconoce durante el embarazo y se limita a reportes de pocos casos en la literatura. Se presenta el caso de una gestante con antecedente de TIP que se torna refractaria durante la gestación con recuentos plaquetarios persistentemente bajos, síntomas de sangrado y limitaciones terapéuticas por su condición gestante.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Group Reality-based Couple Therapy and Forgiveness Therapy on Marital Adjustment, Emotional Differentiation and Intimacy of Couples with Emotional Divorce
Authors: Besharat Garamaleki Robab , PanahAli Amir , Hosseini Nasab Davoud
Published: January 2022

Aim: Emotional or silent divorce is the most dangerous type of divorce. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of reality-based couple therapy and group forgiveness therapy on marital adjustment, emotional differentiation, and intimacy of divorced couples. Methods: The research design of this study was semi-experimental and the type of design was multi-group with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population was all married couples referred to Tabriz Andisheh Aramesh and Allameh Amini centers for counseling. Purposeful sampling was performed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (year of marriage, age, education and emotional divorce), thus, 42 patients (21 couples) were randomly divided into three reality therapy group (8 sessions), forgiveness therapy group (8 sessions), and control group. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the results and repeated measures test was used to evaluate the scores at follow-up phase. Findings: Findings indicated that despite the favorable effect of both therapies, reality therapy had more significant effect on adaptation variable than therapeutic forgiveness. Also, none of the above treatments had a significant effect on the differentiation variable, and only the reality therapy had a significant effect on the intimate variable. Conclusion: Training the principles of reality therapy, informing the spouses about the severity of their needs and creating a sense of responsibility for the satisfaction of their needs can play an important role in establishing and improving intimate relationships and couple adjustment.
Qualitative Analysis of the Underlying Factors for Extramarital Relationships in Women Experiencing Extramarital Relationships : A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ahmadi Ardakani Zahra , Zarei Mahmoud Abadi Hassan , Kalateh Sadati Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Aim: The goal of this study was to qualitatively analyze the factors underlying extramarital relationships in women with extramarital relationships. Methods: The goal of the present study is applied, and in terms of the methodology is a qualitative research. The target population are women referring to counseling centers in city of Yazd witha history of marital infidelity, from which 15  people were selected as a sample through convenient sampling and a  semi-structured interview was used. Decoding was performed using thematic analysis method. Findings: The results showed that the underlying factors of extramarital relationships can be identified in three dimensions. In the dimension of family and culture, two main themes were obtained, which included family and parenting style and gender-cultural schemas. Also, in the dimension of interpersonal issues, three main themes including self-esteem, feelings of inferiority and cohesion of personality and behavior were obtained.In the dimension of interpersonal issues, the main themes included relationship challenges and outward looks criteria. Conclusion: Extramarital relationships from the perspective of women are influenced by cultural, educational, and early years’ schemas experiences. Results also showed that extramarital relationships is a multidimentional construct that cannot be only related to psychological factors. So, for knowing the the underlying factors attention must also be given to cultural diversity in Iran.
Comparison of Pro-inflammatory Gene Expression Profile in Spleen and Peripheral Blood Neutrophils of BALB/C Mice Infected with Leishmania Major
Authors: Rezvan Hossein , Hamoon Navard Sahar , Akhzari Soheyla
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is one of the common diseases between humans and animals. The present study was to investigate the expression pattern of pro-inflammatory genes in different stages of cutaneous leishmaniasis progression in order to provide a standard framework for diagnosis of various stages of the disease.
Methods: In this experimental study, 2×106 Leishmania major were injected in two groups of BALB/c mice in the base of the tail. After skin lesion, the animals were divided into control group, without treatment and the test group treated with glucantime for 30 days by intralesion injection. At the end of the second and fourth weeks of treatment, gene expression cytokines IL-12p35, CCL3, CCL4, IL-12p40, TNF-α, CCL5, IL-1α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and CCR5 was performed in peripheral blood neutrophil cells and spleen cells using conventional PCR technique. The data were analyzed through SPSS software version 16; t-tests, ANOVA and Tukey's test were also run (P ˂0.05).
Results: In Leishmania infected mice, before treatment with glucantime, IFN-γ, IL-1β, CCR5, CCL-5, IL-12p40, IL-12p35 in peripheral blood neutrophils and IFN-γ in the spleens were expressed, which was different from the expression pattern of the genes in Leishmania infected mice treated with Glucantim.
Conclusion: The cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α) are important factors affecting the immune response as reducing the expression of these genes causes the lesion progression in leishmaniasis.
Evaluating the Frequency of Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis Complications in Yazd Dental School in 2020
Authors: Hatami Mahnaz , Zare Mehrjardi Mohammad Hossein , Dehghani Firooz Abadi Mohsen
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Evaluating the frequency of complications in implant supported prosthesis such as screw loosening and porcelain fracture is important for prevention and management of these problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of implant-supported fixed prosthesis complications in Yazd dental school  in 2020.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the patients treated with fixed implant-supported restorations in prosthodontic Department of Yazd Dental School, which at least 1 year passed from loading were recalled and examined by census sampling. Prosthetic complications, including porcelain chipping, open proximal contacts, screw loosening and repeated decementation was registered after inspection. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Prosthetic problems including porcelain pallor, open proximal contact, loosening of the abutment screw, and repeated loss of cement were recorded after examination and observation.
Results: In 130 examined prosthesis, repeated decementation (8.5%), porcelain fracture (6.2%), open proximal contact (2.3%) and screw loosening (3.07%) was observed. Frequency of prosthetic complications according to sex, age, duration of implant loading and implant location were not statistically significant (p >0.05). Frequency of repeated decementation was associated with prosthetic units and number of supporting implants (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Repeated decementation was the most frequent complication. Frequency of complications was not related to sex, age, duration of implant loading and implant location. Frequency of complications in single and multiunit prosthesis was different.
Aneuploidy Assessment of X, Y, 18 Chromosomes in Sperm of Oligoteratospermia Using FISH Technique
Authors: Nasr Esfahani Mahsa , Kalantar Seyed Mehdi , Montazri Fatemeh , Rajabi Mahya , Daneshmand Fatemeh
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Not being to get pregnant, after one year of unprotected sex is called infertility. In the post, infertility was mainly a female problem, but the role of male factors in infertility has denotation, although a greater percentage of this infertility is related to the deficiencies of semen.
Methods: This case-control study was performed on sperm samples from 30 infertile oligoteratozoospermia (OT) patients as case group and 30 fertile and normosperm as controls, all the patients and controls between the ages of 20-49 years, who were referred to the Yazd Infertility Center for the treatment of infertility, were used to check the chromosomes 18, X and Y using the FISH technique. The results were considered using SPSS version 16 software and statistical tests T-TEST and Chi-Square Tests for statistical analysis and Pearson R correlation coefficient to measure the relationship between variables and statistical level P <0.05.
Results: Disorders were observed in infertile oligoteratozoospermia men who were significantly related to the control group and between the chromosomal abnormalities, sperm counts and morphology )P<0/01) and there was also significant difference in correlation between chromosomal abnormalities and duration of infertility  (P<0/01). In addition, there was no correlation between chromosomal abnormalities and age, but the rate of chromosomal abnormalities in the age group of 40-49 years increased to 50%, which has the highest rate among age groups and definitely needs to be examined in a larger statistical population.
Conclusion: This finding suggest that patients with OT may be at an increased risk of producing aneuploid offspring. Considering the chromosomal aneuploidy is recommended by cytogenetic molecular techniques.
As práticas educativas no contexto da educação especial em Humaitá, no sul do Amazonas
Authors: Costa Rosangela Carvalho da , Pinto Valmir Flores
Published: January 2022

Partindo do pressuposto de que a educação especial ainda não é inclusiva objetivou-se nesse estudo problematizar as práticas educativas no contexto da educação especial no município de Humaitá-AM. Utilizando-se do referencial da arqueogenealogia de Michel Foucault, formou-se o arquivo com a produção acadêmica no contexto amazônico e os projetos pedagógicos de duas escolas, que evidenciou a forma de produção subjetiva que a instituição exerce em seus atores e a resistência de alguns profissionais que, mesmo sem incentivo, ainda tentam desenvolver uma educação comprometida. Da análise dos dados surgiram três categorias de discursos que são: despreparo docente, falta de tempo e descaso institucional em paralelo ao seu planejamento que fogem da realidade ao qual pertencem. Conclui-se que a efetivação de uma prática educacional inclusiva perpassa tensões e enfrentamentos e que se posicionar ou não é uma escolha do profissional que envolve sua forma de existir, seus valores, sua ética e sua forma de olhar o outro a partir de si.
De la violencia como antipolítica a la política como antiviolencia
Authors: Balibar Étiene , Almeyda Sarmiento Juan David
Published: January 2022

Este artículo analiza la violencia en su relación intrínseca con la política. Esta conjunción de política y violencia no es solo una característica especial de nuestra experiencia histórica, sino que más bien nunca podrá separarse de esta última, aunque siempre desde distintas formas y en diferentes grados. A partir de situaciones que encarnan la violencia extrema, o la crueldad, y contrastándolas con una política de civilidad, este artículo sostiene que, si queremos definir las condiciones y los objetivos de la política, no basta con ser conscientes de la violencia o en verla como un problema central de la política. Lo que necesitamos es una nueva base para la política, que surja de una consideración de la violencia extrema. La violencia extrema, por tanto, no es una cuestión entre otras para la política, sino que es la cuestión donde está en juego la posibilidad o la imposibilidad de la política.
Criminal Liability for Inducement to Take Performance-Enhancing Drugs
Authors:   Editor-in-Chief of the Drug Control Journal, Candidate of Legal Sciences, Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Fedorov Aleksandr V.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to analysis of article 230¹ of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation stipulating liability for inducement of a sportsman to take performance-enhancing drugs (substances and (or) methods prohibited in sports).