bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AÇÕES DESENVOLVIDAS EM ESCOLAS POR LICENCIANDOS NO ÂMBITO DE SUBPROJETOS PIBID E DE CURSOS DE LICENCIATURA
Authors: PUIATI LIDIANE LIMANA , Terrazzan Eduardo A.
Published: May 2016

Apresentamos neste artigo um paralelo entre ações desenvolvidas em escolas por licenciandos no âmbito de Cursos de Licenciatura e no âmbito de Subprojetos do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). Para isso, realizamos entrevistas com 10 Coordenadores de Área de Subprojetos PIBID de uma Instituição de Educação Superior (IES) federal, grupos focais com 28 licenciandos participantes de Subprojetos PIBID da mesma IES e analisamos 10 textos dos Subprojetos por Área Disciplinar PIBID. Em síntese, podemos afirmar que há diversas atividades desenvolvidas pelos Bolsistas de Iniciação à Docência no âmbito de Subprojetos PIBID, sendo mais recorrente o planejamento e implementação de atividades didáticas em escolas. Tais atividades variam desde oficinas com temas diversos e isolados entre si, até um conjunto de atividades didáticas sequenciadas sobre determinado assunto para desenvolvimento em aulas. As atividades desenvolvidas em escolas no âmbito de participações em disciplinas de Cursos de Licenciatura são, em sua grande maioria, observações pontuais em aulas e planejamento e implementação de atividades didáticas pelos licenciandos. Traçando um paralelo entre as atividades desenvolvidas nesses dois âmbitos de formação, podemos afirmar que ambos priorizam a organização e o desenvolvimento de atividades didáticas. No entanto, pelo relato dos próprios envolvidos nas atividades desses dois âmbitos – os licenciandos – o PIBID se destaca, pois oportuniza conhecer a escola durante um período prolongado e vivenciar a sala de aula como típicos professores de Educação Básica.
A disciplina Política Educacional em Cursos de Pedagogia no Brasil: primeiras aproximações
Authors: Stremel Silvana , Mainardes Jefferson
Published: May 2016

O artigo apresenta uma análise exploratória da disciplina Política Educacional no currículo de Cursos de Pedagogia, de universidades públicas brasileiras. A amostra envolveu a análise de 128 disciplinas de 70 universidades públicas, de 85 ementas (de 50 universidades) e da bibliografia indicada em 44 ementas ou programas. Concluiu-se que: a) há uma variedade grande de designações para a disciplina (97 designações); b) na maioria dos cursos a disciplina é ofertada nos dois primeiros anos e a carga horária, na maioria dos currículos, é de 60 horas; c) foi possível identificar os conteúdos recorrentes nos programas e os aspectos que não são indicados nas ementas. O artigo argumenta que a pesquisa sobre o ensino da disciplina Política Educacional é relevante, pois pode trazer informações importantes para a compreensão e melhoria tanto do ensino de Política Educacional quanto para a formação de pesquisadores para esse campo.
QUE A ESCOLA VÁ BEM contribuições de João Batista de La Salle (1651-1719) para o debate contemporâneo sobre a qualidade da educação
Authors: Bieluczyk Jorge Alexandre , Leubet Ângelo Ezequiel , Pauly Evaldo Luis
Published: May 2016

Este artigo discute a qualidade do ensino no Brasil a partir de uma revisão de literatura cotejando-a com alguns textos pedagógicos de João Batista deLa Salle, o parecer CNE/CEB 08/2010 e a análise crítica de alguns de seus comentadores. Esta discussão tem por finalidade analisar a qualidade do ensino numa perspectiva lassalista com intuito de identificar conceitos pedagógicos e desafios da gestão educativa que proporcione melhores processos de ensino-aprendizagem. A partir das análises realizadas apontamos João Batista deLa Sallecomo pai da pedagogia moderna e mentor de conceitos pedagógicos e administrativos, que possuem validade para a pedagogia contemporânea e possibilitam orientar os processos de formação com qualidade humana e cidadã. Para este fim, o artigo está orientado em quatro direções: a primeira é a revisão de literatura; a segunda levanta elementos para uma discussão sobre a qualidade do ensino a partir da pedagogia deLa Sallee a terceira, apresenta, a título de conclusão, elementos para avançar no debate sobre a qualidade da educação a partir deLa Salle, do Parecer nº8/2010 CNE/CEB. Conselho Nacional de Educação/Câmara de Educação Básica e das pesquisas atuais sobre a qualidade do ensino.
A valorização dos professores em municípios do Paraná: análise dos planos de carreira
Authors: Moretti Janaina Silvana Sobzinski , Masson Gisele
Published: May 2016

Este artigo apresenta o resultado de pesquisa sobre os planos de carreira dos professores da rede municipal de ensino dos cinco municípios de maior IDHM e dos cinco de menor IDHM doParaná. Buscou-se analisar se esses municípiosestão de acordo com a legislação, quanto ao estabelecimento de planos de carreira e ao pagamento do Piso Salarial Profissional Nacional, bem como as suas implicações na valorização dos professores. O referencial teórico marxista foi utilizado para fundamentar a análise dos dados e, a partir do estudo, é possível afirmar que os municípios bem desenvolvidos socioeconomicamente apresentam melhor remuneração dos professores. Todavia, a valorização desses profissionais ainda está longe de acontecerporque os municípios apresentam baixos coeficientes de progressão ao longo da carreira e, levam-se muitos anos para se atingir o topo dela. Foi possível evidenciar, também, que nos municípios com menor Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano, há menor atratividade pelo fato de que os professores têm uma remuneração menor. Considera-se, portanto, preocupante a situação da valorização dos professores no estado do Paraná, pois os dados, mesmo que parciais, indicam o descumprimento da Lei do Piso em alguns municípios, assim como o fato de que muitos planos de carreira são pouco atrativos.
Pareceristas adhoc
Authors: Souza Angelo Ricardo de
Published: May 2016

Relação de avaliadores dos volumes 8 e 9
JOHNSON, Susan Moore & PAPAY, John. Redesigning Teacher Pay – A System for the Next Generation of Educators. EPI, volume 2: USA, 2009
Authors: Freire Luiza
Published: May 2016

JOHNSON, Susan Moore & PAPAY, John. Redesigning Teacher Pay – A System for the Next Generation of Educators. EPI, volume 2: USA, 2009
Resumo de teses e dissertações
Authors: PPGE LPE
Published: May 2016

Resumo de teses e dissertações em Políticas Educacionais
Medical Device Regulation: A Comparison of the United States and the European Union
Authors: Maak Travis G. , Wylie James D.
Published: May 2016

Medical device regulation is a controversial topic in both the United States and the European Union. Many physicians and innovators in the United States cite a restrictive US FDA regulatory process as the reason for earlier and more rapid clinical advances in Europe. The FDA approval process mandates that a device be proved efficacious compared with a control or be substantially equivalent to a predicate device, whereas the European Union approval process mandates that the device perform its intended function. Stringent, peer-reviewed safety data have not been reported. However, after recent high-profile device failures, political pressure in both the United States and the European Union has favored more restrictive approval processes. Substantial reforms of the European Union process within the next 5 to 10 years will result in a more stringent approach to device regulation, similar to that of the FDA. Changes in the FDA regulatory process have been suggested but are not imminent.
The Global Formulation of the Cauchy Problem
Authors: Ali Bashir Mohammad , Abdelhaleem Tarig Abdelazeem
Published: May 2016

A Geometrical model for the global Cauchy problem, generalizing the traditional Cauchy problem is considered .The complete correspondence between the knownanalytical formulation and the geometrical interpretation is described, we have utilized the generalized Green's function and the open mapping theorem appropriate to the problem.
Auxin effectively induces the formation of the secondary abscission zone in Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb. (Crassulaceae)
Authors: Saniewski Marian , Góraj-Koniarska Justyna , Gabryszewska Eleonora , Miyamoto Kensuke , Ueda Junichi
Published: May 2016

We have found that auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) substantially induces the formation of the secondary abscission zone in stem and petiole explants and in decapitated stem and petiole after excision of blade in intact plants of Bryophyllum calycinum when IAA at a concentration of 0.1% as lanolin paste was applied in the middle of these organs. The secondary abscission zone was formed at a few mm above of the treatment with IAA, and senescence of the part above abscission zone was observed. IAA additionally applied on the top of explants or top of the dacapitated stem or the debladed petiole totally prevented the secondary abscission zone formation and senescence induced by IAA applied in the middle of these organs. Possible mechanisms of the formation of the secondary abscission zone are discussed in terms of the interaction of auxin and ethylene.
Hva skal vi si til barn om selvmord?
Authors: Raundalen Magne
Published: May 2016

Hvert år rammes mange barn av foreldres selvmord. Hvordan skal vi snakke med dem om det som har skjedd på en måte som barn kan forstå og som kan være til hjelp, både på kort og lang sikt? Suicidologi bringer her påny en artikkel som gjennom årene har hjulpet mange barn og voksne til å finne ordene og motet til åpenhet om noe av det vanskeligste som fins.
The way to zeros: The future of semiconductor device and chemical mechanical polishing technologies
Authors: Tsujimura Manabu
Published: May 2016

For the last 60 years, the development of cutting-edge semiconductor devices has strongly emphasized scaling; the effort to scale down current CMOS devices may well achieve the target of 5 nm nodes by 2020. Planarization by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), is one technology essential for supporting scaling. This paper summarizes the history of CMP transitions in the planarization process as well as the changing degree of planarity required, and, finally, introduces innovative technologies to meet the requirements. The use of CMP was triggered by the replacement of local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) as the element isolation technology by shallow trench isolation (STI) in the 1980s. Then, CMP’s use expanded to improving embedability of aluminum wiring, tungsten (W) contacts, Cu wiring, and, more recently, to its adoption in high-k metal gate (HKMG) and FinFET (FF) processes. Initially, the required degree of planarity was 50 nm, but now 0 nm is required. Further, zero defects on a post-CMP wafer is now the goal, and it is possible that zero psi CMP loading pressure will be required going forward. Soon, it seems, everything will have to be “zero” and perfect. Although the process is also chemical in nature, the CMP process is actually mechanical with a load added using slurry particles several tens of nm in diameter. Zero load in the loading process, zero nm planarity with no trace of processing, and zero residual foreign material, including the very slurry particles used in the process, are all required. This article will provide an overview of how to achieve these new requirements and what technologies should be employed.
Characterization of transmission lines with through-silicon-vias and bump joints on high-resistivity Si interposers for RF three-dimensional modules
Authors: Choi Kwang-Seong , Eom Yong-Sung , Bae Hyun-Cheol , Moon Seok Hwan , Lee Jin Ho
Published: May 2016

Microstrip lines and coplanar waveguides (CPWs) for RF three-dimensional (3D) modules were characterized on high-resistivity Si interposers: 2,000 Ω·cm. The diameter and thickness of through-silicon-vias (TSVs) in Si interposers were 50 and 250 µm, respectively. A signal TSV around five ground TSVs, and a signal solder bump around five ground solder bumps were designed to obtain the vertical transitions with low electrical loss between the transmission lines. For the 3D interconnections between Si interposers, a fluxing underfill material was developed and used as a preapplied underfill during the thermocompression bonding. The S-parameters of transmission lines and stacked transmission lines were measured from 0.5 to 10 GHz using a vector network analyzer (VNA) and de-embedded so that their electrical losses were obtained and compared. By comparing with the electrical loss of the transmission line on low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC), we found that both transmission lines were sufficiently good for applications in RF 3D modules.
Foraging loads of red wood ants:Formica aquilonia(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in relation to tree characteristics and stand age
Authors: Gibb Heloise , Andersson Jon , Johansson Therese
Published: May 2016

Background.Foraging efficiency is critical in determining the success of organisms and may be affected by a range of factors, including resource distance and quality. For social insects such as ants, outcomes must be considered at the level of both the individual and the colony. It is important to understand whether anthropogenic disturbances, such as forestry, affect foraging loads, independent of effects on the quality and distribution of resources. We asked if ants harvest greater loads from more distant and higher quality resources, how individual efforts scale to the colony level, and whether worker loads are affected by stand age.

Methods.First, we performed a fine-scale study examining the effect of distance and resource quality (tree diameter and species) on harvesting of honeydew by red wood ants,Formica aquilonia, in terms of crop load per worker ant and numbers of workers walking up and down each tree (ant activity) (study 1). Second, we modelled what the combination of load and worker number responses meant for colony-level foraging loads. Third, at a larger scale, we asked whether the relationship between worker load and resource quality and distance depended on stand age (study 2).

Results.Study 1 revealed that seventy percent of ants descending trees carried honeydew, and the percentage of workers that were honeydew harvesters was not related to tree species or diameter, but increased weakly with distance. Distance positively affected load mass in both studies 1 and 2, while diameter had weak negative effects on load. Relationships between load and distance and diameter did not differ among stands of different ages. Our model showed that colony-level loads declined much more rapidly with distance for small diameter than large diameter trees.

Discussion.We suggest that a negative relationship between diameter and honeydew load detected in study 1 might be a result of crowding on large diameter trees close to nests, while the increase in honeydew load with distance may result from resource depletion close to nests. At the colony level, our model suggests that very little honeydew was harvested from more distant trees if they were small, but that more distant larger trees continued to contribute substantially to colony harvest. Although forestry alters the activity and foraging success of red wood ants, study 2 showed that it does not alter the fundamental rules determining the allocation of foraging effort.
Clinical Significance of C-reactive Protein Level After Laparoscopic Gastrectomy: From a Viewpoint of Intra-Abdominal Complications
Authors: Obama Kazutaka , Okabe Hiroshi , Tsunoda Shigeru , Hisamori Shigeo , Tanaka Eiji , Sakai Yoshiharu
Published: May 2016

In this retrospective study, we investigated whether postoperative intra-abdominal infectious complications (IIC) after laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) is predictable in an early postoperative period using C-reactive protein (CRP). Intra-abdominal infectious complication after gastrectomy is caused mainly by anastomotic leakage or pancreatic injury associated with peripancreatic lymph node (LN) dissection, which may sometimes result in serious outcomes. C-reactive protein is widely used to evaluate the inflammatory status. However, the relationship between the CRP level and postoperative IIC following LG remains unclear. White blood cell count (WBC), CRP counts, and clinical data were available for 229 consecutive patients undergoing LG with lymphadenectomy. We compared CRP and WBC between patients with (Group A) and without (Group B) IIC to check whether these could be used to predict IIC in an early postoperative period. Using the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the diagnostic accuracy was evaluated. On postoperative day 1 (POD1), increased CRP levels were associated with IIC (Group A: 9.6 mg/dL, Group B: 6.0 mg/dL; P = 0.000048), while WBC did not differ significantly. On POD3, the difference in CRP between both groups increased (A: 20.2 mg/dL, B: 10.7 mg/dL; P = 1.6 × 10−8). The optimal cutoff value was 14.9 mg/dL on POD3 (sensitivity: 0.79, specificity: 0.78), and the area under the ROC curve was 0.86. Measurements of CRP on POD1 and 3 are helpful for detecting possible IIC after LG, compared with WBC. It is necessary to pay attention to CRP levels for earlier detection of IIC.
Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (pPNET) of the Penis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Huang Wanqiu , Liu Zheng , Chen Ruibao , Wang Tao , Lan Ruzhu , Liu Jihong
Published: May 2016

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are derived from primitive neuroectodermal cells and belong to a highly malignant subgroup of round-cell tumors. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the penis are an extremely rare malignant form among penile neoplasms. These tumors are often difficult to diagnose due to atypical symptoms. Here, we report a case of a 24-year-old patient in China with a neoplasm localized at the base of his penis. The initial symptom was dysuria without any inducement. The results of blood and urine examinations indicated no abnormalities. The imaging examination results indicated a firm mass near the base of the penis. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed round, small tumor cells with heterotypical darkened nuclei. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed strong and diffuse positive staining for CD99 (mic-2), VIM (vimentin), and NCAM1/CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule 1). In addition, 60% of cells were positive for the cell proliferation marker Ki-67. Based on the above results, the case was diagnosed with peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPENT). We reviewed the literature from 1999 to 2013 and identified reports of pPENT with a low incidence and atypical symptoms. Accurate diagnosis with multiple detection technologies, including laboratory diagnostic tests, imaging, morphologic and immunologic examinations, is very important to reduce the misdiagnosis rate.
Full 3‐D TLM simulations of the Earth‐ionosphere cavity: Effect of conductivity on the Schumann resonances
Authors: Toledo‐Redondo S. , Salinas A. , Fornieles J. , Portí J. , Lichtenegger H. I. M.
Published: May 2016

Schumann resonances can be found in planetary atmospheres, inside the cavity formed by the conducting surface of the planet and the lower ionosphere. They are a powerful tool to investigate both the electric processes that occur in the atmosphere and the characteristics of the surface and the lower ionosphere. Results from a full 3‐D model of the Earth‐ionosphere electromagnetic cavity based on the Transmission‐Line Modeling (TLM) method are presented. A Cartesian scheme with homogeneous cell size of 10 km is used to minimize numerical dispersion present in spherical schemes. Time and frequency domain results have been obtained to study the resonance phenomenon. The effect of conductivity on the Schumann resonances in the cavity is investigated by means of numerical simulations, studying the transition from resonant to nonresonant response and setting the conductivity limit for the resonances to develop inside the cavity. It is found that the transition from resonant to nonresonant behavior occurs for conductivity values above roughly 10−9 S/m. For large losses in the cavity, the resonances are damped, but, in addition, the peak frequencies change according to the local distance to the source and with the particular electromagnetic field component. These spatial variations present steep variations around each mode's nodal position, covering distances around 1/4 of the mode wavelength, the higher modes being more sensitive to this effect than the lower ones. The dependence of the measured frequency on the distance to the source and particular component of the electric field offers information on the source generating these resonances.
Spatial scales of optical variability in the coastal ocean: Implications for remote sensing and in situ sampling
Authors: Moses Wesley J. , Ackleson Steven G. , Hair Johnathan W. , Hostetler Chris A. , Miller W. David
Published: May 2016

Use of ocean color remote sensing to understand the effects of environmental changes and anthropogenic activities on estuarine and coastal waters requires the capability to measure and track optically detectable complex biogeochemical processes. An important remote sensor design consideration is the minimum spatial resolution required to resolve key ocean features of physical and biological significance. The spatial scale of variability in optical properties of coastal waters has been investigated using continuous, along‐track measurements collected using instruments deployed from ships, aircraft, and satellites. We defined the average coefficient of variance,
, within an image pixel as the primary statistical measure of subpixel variability and investigated how
changes as a function of the Ground Sampling Distance (GSD). In general, d
/dGSD is positive, indicating that the subpixel variability increases with GSD. The relationship between
and GSD is generally nonlinear and the greatest rate of change occurs at small spatial scales. Points of distinct transition in the relationship between
and GSD are evident between 75 and 600 m, varying depending on the location and the optical parameter, and representing the GSD above which most of the spatial variability due to small‐scale features is subsumed within a pixel. At GSDs greater than the transition point, most of the small‐scale variability occurs at subpixel scales and, therefore, cannot be resolved. On average, the transition GSD is around 200 m. The results have application in both sensor design and in situ sampling strategy in support of coastal remote sensing operations.
Compensation of the impact of low‐cost manufacturing techniques in the design of E‐plane multiport waveguide junctions
Authors: San‐Blas A. A. , Roca J. M. , Cogollos S. , Morro J. V. , Boria V. E. , Gimeno B.
Published: May 2016

In this work, a full‐wave tool for the accurate analysis and design of compensated E‐plane multiport junctions is proposed. The implemented tool is capable of evaluating the undesired effects related to the use of low‐cost manufacturing techniques, which are mostly due to the introduction of rounded corners in the cross section of the rectangular waveguides of the device. The obtained results show that, although stringent mechanical effects are imposed, it is possible to compensate for the impact of the cited low‐cost manufacturing techniques by redesigning the matching elements considered in the original device. Several new designs concerning a great variety of E‐plane components (such as right‐angled bends, T‐junctions and magic‐Ts) are presented, and useful design guidelines are provided. The implemented tool, which is mainly based on the boundary integral‐resonant mode expansion technique, has been successfully validated by comparing the obtained results to simulated data provided by a commercial software based on the finite element method.
Freestanding Graphitic Carbon Nitride Photonic Crystals for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Sun Lu , Yang Meijia , Huang Jianfeng , Yu Dingshan , Hong Wei , Chen Xudong
Published: May 2016

Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has attracted tremendous attention in photocatalysis due to its extraordinary features, such as good thermal and chemical stability, metal‐free composition, and easy preparation. However, the photocatalytic performance of g‐C3N4 is still restricted by the limited surface area, inefficient visible light absorption, and high recombination rate of photoinduced charge carriers. Herein, a facile synthesis to produce freestanding g‐C3N4 photonic crystals (PCs) by crack‐free, highly ordered colloid crystals templating is reported. The PC structure succeeded from the silica opals induces bicontinuous framework, stronger optical absorption, and increase in the lifetime of photoexcited charge carriers compared to that of the bulk g‐C3N4, while the chemical structure remains similar to that of the bulk g‐C3N4. As such, the g‐C3N4 PCs have a much higher photodegradation kinetic of methyl orange and photocatalytic hydrogen production rate which is nearly nine times the rate of bulk g‐C3N4.
Unique Necklace‐Like Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Nanofibers: Scalable Templating Synthesis, Casting Films, and Their Superhydrophobic Property
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Ming‐Qian , Kou Ran , Lu Lei‐Lei , Zhao Yang , Xu Xue‐Wei , Liu Guang‐Ming , Zheng Yong‐Mei , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: May 2016

1D necklace‐like nanostructures have exhibited different potential applications due to their unique geometry and property. However, their macroscopic and controllable synthesis has been a challenge. Herein, a facile and scalable template‐directed hydrothermal process is reported to synthesize a series of necklace‐like phenol‐formaldehyde resin (PFR) wrapped nanocables. The 1D templates involved in the synthesis can be various, such as tellurium nanowires (TeNWs), silver nanowires, and carbon nanotubes. After removal of the TeNWs template, pure PFR necklace‐like nanofibers with different morphologies can be prepared. Owning to their multiscale roughness and formed 3D network structures, such necklace‐like PFR nanofibers can be further used as building blocks for constructing robust superhydrophobic coatings with excellent mechanical properties on various substrates.
Cobalt‐Doping in Molybdenum‐Carbide Nanowires Toward Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lin Huanlei , Liu Ning , Shi Zhangping , Guo Yulin , Tang Yi , Gao Qingsheng
Published: May 2016

Efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) over noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts provides one of the most promising pathways to face the energy crisis. Herein, facile cobalt‐doping based on Co‐modified MoOx–amine precursors is developed to optimize the electrochemical HER over Mo2C nanowires. The effective Co‐doping into Mo2C crystal structure increases the electron density around Fermi level, resulting in the reduced strength of Mo–H for facilitated HER kinetics. As expected, the Co‐Mo2C nanowires with an optimal Co/Mo ratio of 0.020 display a low overpotential (η10 = 140 and 118 mV for reaching a current density of –10 mA cm−2; η100 = 200 and 195 mV for reaching a current density of –100 mA cm−2), a small Tafel slope (39 and 44 mV dec−1), and a low onset overpotential (40 and 25 mV) in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 1.0 m KOH, respectively. This work highlights a feasible strategy to explore efficient electrocatalysts via engineering on composition and nanostructure.
Ultrafast Discharge/Charge Rate and Robust Cycle Life for High‐Performance Energy Storage Using Ultrafine Nanocrystals on the Binder‐Free Porous Graphene Foam
Authors: Lee Gyu Heon , Lee Jung Woo , Choi Ji IL , Kim Sang Jun , Kim Yong‐Hoon , Kang Jeung Ku
Published: May 2016

A hierarchical architecture fabricated by integrating ultrafine titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystals with the binder‐free macroporous graphene (PG) network foam for high‐performance energy storage is demonstrated, where mesoporous open channels connected to the PG facilitate rapid ionic transfer during the Li‐ion insertion/extraction process. Moreover, the binder‐free conductive PG network in direct contact with a current collector provides ultrafast electronic transfer. This structure leads to unprecedented cycle stability, with the capacity preserved with nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency over 10 000 Li‐ion insertion/extraction cycles. Moreover, it is proven to be very stable while cycling 10 to 100‐fold longer compared to typical electrode structures for batteries. This facilitates ultrafast charge/discharge rate capability even at a high current rate giving a very short charge/discharge time of 40 s. Density functional theory calculations also clarify that Li ions migrate into the TiO2–PG interface then stabilizing its binder‐free interface and that the Li ion diffusion occurs via a concerted mechanism, thus resulting in the ultrafast discharge/charge rate capability of the Li ions into ultrafine nanocrystals.
Ugi‐type Multicomponent Reaction of Nitrile Imines, Isocyanides, and Isocyanates: Effective Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazinedione Derivatives
Authors: Soeta Takahiro , Takashita Suguru , Sakata Yoko , Ukaji Yutaka
Published: May 2016

We have developed a Ugi‐type multicomponent reaction, in which a nitrile imine, an isocyanide, and an isocyanate reacted to give the corresponding 1,2,4‐triazinedione derivatives in good‐to‐high yields. This reaction is one of the few examples of isocyanide‐based multicomponent reactions using an isocyanate in place of a carboxylic acid. A wide range of nitrile imines, isocyanides, and isocyanates were found to be applicable to the reaction.
Immobilization of Ru(terpyridine)(2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylate) onto MCM‐41 and its catalysis in the oxidation of alcohols
Authors: Zhang Yuecheng , Sun Xiaochen , Zhang Hongyu , Zhao Jiquan
Published: May 2016

The ruthenium complex Ru(terpyridine)(2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylate) was successfully grafted onto MCM‐41 using a multi‐step grafting method. The immobilized ruthenium complex was characterized thoroughly using Fourier transform infrared, Raman, UV–visible diffuse reflectance and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopies, X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and inductively coupled plasma analysis. This immobilized ruthenium complex showed excellent performance in the oxidation of various secondary alcohols to their corresponding ketones with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant under solvent‐free conditions, and had the advantages of easy recovery and good reusability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of oxidant and dopants on the properties of cellulose/PPy conductive composite hydrogels
Authors: Fang Liangjing , Zhao Lihong , Liang Xiangtao , Xiao Huining , Qian Liying
Published: May 2016

Cellulose/Polypyrrole (PPy) composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ chemically oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the cellulose matrix. Ferric chloride (FeCl3) was used as an oxidant and four sulfonic compounds were used as dopants in order to investigate the effects on the properties of cellulose/PPy conductive composite hydrogels. The extent of polymerization of PPy was determined by the amount of the oxidant and the composite hydrogels with oxidant at 0.3M−0.5M exhibited the higher conductivities for the intrachain and interchain conductivities of conductive polymers; the fracture stress of the composite hydrogels could be up to 26.25 MPa with a strain of 86.8% when the oxidant was at 0.5M. Doping is an efficient way to improve the conductivity of the composite hydrogels and four kinds of dopant were compared in this work. Long alkane chain and side group in dopants can increase the steric hindrance of PPy polymerization which resulted in the lower conductivity of the composite hydrogels compared to dopants with smaller steric hindrance. The conductivity of the composite hydrogel firstly increased and then decreased with the concentration of dopants from 0.1M to 1.0M in this work. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43759.
Synthesis and studies on core–shell type anion exchange resins based on a hybrid polymeric support
Authors: Cyganowski Piotr , Jermakowicz‐Bartkowiak Dorota
Published: May 2016

In pursuit for new materials for recovery of noble metals, novel anion exchangers, based on new type of core–shell polymeric supports have been synthesized. The designed matrices, with reactive chloromethyl groups concentrated on a surface of the polymeric base, the Amberlite XAD‐4 adsorbent, have been modified using ethylenediamine and polyethyleneimine. The obtained ion exchangers were employed in processes of sorption of gold, platinum, and palladium chlorocomplexes, then, they were compared to similar resins based on volumetric polymeric supports. The studies covered porosity measurements, determination of sorption behavior in the presence of counter ions as well as kinetic and column studies. Ultimately, an attempt to access a core–shell character of the resins has been made using digital‐optical microscopy. The proceeded analyses allowed to determine the localization of the resins’ functionalities and their advantages over traditional ion exchange resins. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43841.
SiAlON–epoxy nanocomposite coatings: Corrosion and wear behavior
Authors: Moradi M. H. , Aliofkhazraei M. , Toorani M. , Golgoon A. , Rouhaghdam A. Sabour
Published: May 2016

In this study, epoxy powder as a matrix was combined with different contents of silicon–aluminum–oxygen–nitrogen (SiAlON) nanoparticles using a planetary ball mill. Pure epoxy and nanocomposite powders were applied on the surface of plain carbon steel components by the electrostatic spraying method. Curing of the coatings was done in an oven or microwave for the appropriate time. The coating structure and morphology of the SiAlON nanoparticles were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The corrosion properties of the coatings were assessed by immersion, Tafel polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results show that addition of 10 wt % SiAlON nanoparticles markedly increases the corrosion resistance of epoxy coatings. Thus, it can be inferred that the corrosion rate of these coatings is 15 to 18 times lower than that of pure epoxy samples and 8 to 11 times lower than coatings with 20 wt % SiAlON. The higher corrosion resistance of nanocomposite coatings can be attributed to the barrier properties of SiAlON nanoparticles. The tribological performance of the coatings was studied with the pin‐on‐disk test. The results of wear testing show that the samples containing 10 wt % SiAlON provide about five times more wear resistance than pure ones and about two times more than coatings with 20 wt % SiAlON. However, the coefficient of friction for nanocomposite coatings is reduced about 50% compared to the pure sample. Also, the curing process in either regime (oven or microwave) has the same effect on the corrosion and wear properties, and the coatings are completely crosslinked. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43855.
Research on Payne effect of natural rubber reinforced by graft‐modified silica
Authors: Fu Wen , Wang Li
Published: May 2016

Silica (SiO2) modified by in situ solid‐phase grafting was used for natural rubber (NR) reinforcement. The physical mechanical properties and Payne effect of natural rubber reinforced by SiO2 and graft‐modified silica (G‐SiO2) were analyzed systematically. The results showed the comprehensive performance of NR/G‐SiO2 was better than that of NR/SiO2. There was a proportional relationship between the filler loading and Payne effect. NR/G‐SiO2 presented weaker Payne effect in comparison with NR/SiO2. A qualitative analysis on the correlation of filler 3D network structure and filler loading was carried out according to the relationship between the bound rubber content and the shear modulus. The Payne effect mechanisms of rubber compounds differed according to the different filler loading. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43891.
Stabilization of Discrete‐time Switched Systems with State Constraints Based on Mode‐Dependent Average Dwell Time
Authors: Su Qingyu , Wang Peipei , Li Jian , Liu Honghai
Published: May 2016

This paper considers the stabilization problem for a class of switched systems with state constraints based on mode‐dependent average dwell time (MDADT) in discrete‐time context. An improved average dwell time method is proposed, which is less conservative than the common average dwell time method. The sufficient conditions and stabilizing state feedback controllers for stabilization of discrete‐time switched systems with state constraints under MDADT switching are derived. Finally, the simulation results show that the approach designed by this paper is effective.
Current densities and total contact currents during forest clearing tasks under 400 kV power lines
Authors: Korpinen Leena , Kuisti Harri , Elovaara Jarmo
Published: May 2016

The aim of the study was to analyze all values of electric currents from measured periods while performing tasks in forest clearing. The objective was also to choose and analyze measurement cases, where current measurements successfully lasted the entire work period (about 30 min). Two forestry workers volunteered to perform four forest clearing tasks under 400 kV power lines. The sampling frequency of the current measurements was 1 sample/s. The maximum values of the current densities were 1.0–1.2 mA/m2 (calculated internal EFs 5.0–12.0 mV/m), and the average values were 0.2–0.4 mA/m2. The highest contact current was 167.4 μA. All measured values during forest clearing tasks were lower than basic restrictions (0.1 V/m and 0.8 V/m) of the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:423–428, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthetic MUC1 Antitumor Vaccine Candidates with Varied Glycosylation Pattern Bearing R/S‐configured Pam3CysSerLys4
Authors: Shi Lei , Cai Hui , Huang Zhi‐Hua , Sun Zhan‐Yi , Chen Yong‐Xiang , Zhao Yu‐Fen , Kunz Horst , Li Yan‐Mei
Published: May 2016

The Toll‐like receptor 2 ligand Pam3CysSer is of particular interest for the construction synthetic vaccines because of its ability to stimulate of the innate immune system. Such vaccines usually comprise Pam3CysSer with the natural R‐configuration at the glycerol 2‐position. Pam3CysSer peptide vaccines with natural configuration have been shown to be more efficient than the corresponding R/S diastereomers. In order to clarify whether the effect of the configuration of Pam3Cys on the immune response also applies to glycopeptide vaccines, MUC1 glycopeptide–lipopeptide vaccines bearing either R‐ or R/S‐configured Pam3CysSerLys4 were compared for their immunological effects. In order to find out whether glycosylated MUC1 tandem repeat domains comprise not only B‐cell epitopes but also T‐cell epitopes, two‐component vaccines containing the Pam3CysSerLys4 lipopeptide and MUC1 glycopeptides with various glycosylation patterns were synthesized, and their immune reactions in mice were studied.
The influence of deficient retro‐aortic rim on technical success and early adverse events following device closure of secundum atrial septal defects
Authors: O'Byrne Michael L. , Gillespie Matthew J. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Dori Yoav , Rome Jonathan J. , Glatz Andrew C.
Published: May 2016

Background

Concern regarding aortic erosion has focused attention on the retro‐aortic rim in patients undergoing device closure of atrial septal defects (ASD), but its effect on early outcomes is not well studied.

Methods

A multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing device occlusion of ASD between 1/2011‐10/2014 was performed, using data from the IMproving Pediatric and Adult Congenital Treatment Registry. Subjects were divided between those with retro‐aortic rim <5 and ≥5 mm. Primary outcomes were technical failure and major early adverse events. Case times were measured as surrogates of technical complexity. The effect of deficient retro‐aortic rim on primary outcomes was assessed using hierarchical logistic regression, adjusting for other suspected covariates and assessing whether they represent independent risk factors

Results

1,564 subjects (from 77 centers) were included, with deficient retro‐aortic rim present in 40%. Technical failure occurred in 91 subjects (5.8%) and a major early adverse event in 64 subjects (4.1%). Adjusting for known covariates, the presence of a deficient retro‐aortic rim was not significantly associated with technical failure (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 0.9–2.1) or major early adverse event (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.4–1. 2). Total case (P = 0.01) and fluoroscopy time (P = 0.02) were greater in subjects with deficient rim, but sheath time was not significantly different (P = 0.07). Additional covariates independently associated with these outcomes were identified.

Conclusion

Deficient retro‐aortic rim was highly prevalent but not associated with increased risk of technical failure or early adverse events. Studies with longer follow‐up are necessary to assess other outcomes, including device erosion. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental Methodologies to Understand Degradation of Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for PEM Fuel Cells: Advances and Opportunities
Authors: Mezzavilla Stefano , Cherevko Serhiy , Baldizzone Claudio , Pizzutilo Enrico , Polymeros George , Mayrhofer Karl J. J.
Published: May 2016

The development and application of advanced experimental tools is a major driving force in modern electrocatalysis. This is particularly true for stability studies with nanostructured oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells. Indeed, our understanding of the catalyst degradation mechanisms could not have been achieved without the arsenal of analytical tools developed over the last decades. This contribution aims at highlighting the value of such a multi‐faceted analytical toolbox. Several classes are examined: from techniques applied for dissolution studies with bulk electrodes, to ex situ and in situ investigations with model high‐surface‐area catalysts. Finally, electrochemical and imaging methods employed to characterize catalyst layers are presented. The respective features, advantages, problems and possible future developments are discussed.
Rapid Dihydrogen Cleavage by Persistent Nitroxide Radicals under Frustrated Lewis Pair Conditions
Authors: Tao Xin , Kehr Gerald , Wang Xiaowu , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Grimme Stefan , Erker Gerhard
Published: May 2016

Persistent radicals undergo hydrogen atom abstraction reactions with a great variety of substrates, but not with dihydrogen. It has now been found that the TEMPO radical splits dihydrogen under mild conditions in the presence of the strong bulky B(C6F5)3 boron Lewis acid. The reaction is thought to proceed by a typical frustrated Lewis pair mechanism with the TEMPO radical acting as the active Lewis base. The reaction was analyzed by DFT, which indicates that no significant spin density on the hydrogen atoms is accumulated along the H2 splitting reaction path.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Dynamics and X‐Ray Diffraction Study of Aqueous Beryllium(II) Chloride Solutions.
Authors: YAMAGUCHI T. , OHTAKI H. , SPOHR E. , PALINKAS G. , HEINZINGER K. , PROBST M. M.
Published: May 2016

The hydration shell of BeCl2 in aqueous solution has been investigated by a MD simulation and by X‐ray diffraction studies of 1.1 and 5.3 molal BeCl2 solutions at pH 1. The structure function obtained by MD simulation is in satisfactory agreement with that from X‐ray diffraction.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Deficient Compounds of Gallium: Crystal Structure of Ca3Ga5.
Authors: CORDIER G. , SCHAEFER H. + , STELTER M.
Published: May 2016

The stoichiometry of the formerly described compound Ca2Ga3 is corrected to Ca3Ga5.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of CuWO3F2.
Authors: MOUTOU J. M. , FRANCISCO R. H. P. , CHAMINADE J. P. , POUCHARD M. , HAGENMULLER P.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (prepared from WO3 and CuF2, Pt tube, Ar atmosphere, 580 °C, 48 h) crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/m with Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: First Observation of 5‐Coordinate Aluminum by MAS 27Al NMR in Well‐Characterized Solids.
Authors: ALEMANY L. B. , KIRKER G. W.
Published: May 2016

The MAS 27Al NMR spectra of barium aluminum glycolate, BaAlO8C6.75H14.75, and the mineral andalusite, Al2SiO5, are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Investigation of the Base Hydrolysis of the Chloropentaamminecobalt(III) Ion in Micellar Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Solution.
Authors: CALVARUSO G. , CAVASINO F. P. , DI DIO E.
Published: May 2016

The kinetics of the title reaction (cf.
ChemInform Abstract: 1H and 13C NMR Spectra of a Series of Methyl‐Substituted Imidazole Complexes of Pentaamminecobalt(III) and Crystal Structure of the Remote Isomer of ((4‐Methylimidazole)pentaamminecobalt(III)) Trichloride Dihydrate.
Authors: HENDERSON W. W. , SHEPHERD R. E. , ABOLA J.
Published: May 2016

NMR data for the free ligands 1‐, 2‐, 4‐, 5‐methylimidazole, 1,2‐, 1,4‐, 1,5‐ and 2,5‐dimethylimidazole as well as for their Co(NH3)53+ complexes are reported and discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of (Fe2(CO)6B3H6)‐: A Comment on the Dynamic Structure of Fe2(CO)6B3H7.
Authors: HOUSECROFT C. E.
Published: May 2016

The previously characterized compound (I) and its conjugate base (II)are investigated by 11B and 1H FT NMR spectroscopy and MO calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophobic and Steric Effects on the Ion‐Pair Formation of Tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)iron(II) and Arenesulfonate Ions. Kinetic Determination of the Formation Constants of the Ion Pairs and a 1H NMR Study of Their Structures.
Authors: TACHIYASHIKI S. , YAMATERA H.
Published: May 2016

Ion‐pair formation constants for (I) and the ions (II) and (III) are obtained from kinetic studies of the aquation of the complex ion in aqueous sodium arenesulfonate solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization in Organic Synthesis. Strategies When the Desired Reaction is Accompanied by Parasitic Side Reactions. An Example with EnamineSynthesis.
Authors: CARLSON R. , HANSSON L. , LUNDSTEDT T.
Published: May 2016

Three computer‐assisted multivariate methods (e.g.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Synthesis of 1‐Amino‐1‐cyclopropanecarboxylic Acids from t‐Butyl Isocyanacetate and Epoxides, Synthesis of Alkyl 5,6‐Dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐oxazine‐4‐carboxylates.
Authors: SCHOELLKOPF U. + , HUPFELD B. , GULL R.
Published: May 2016

The title acids (VIII) and (IX) are biologically interesting substances.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Conformational Behavior of syn‐ and anti‐8‐Methoxycarbonyl‐(Z)‐(6)paracyclophenes‐3.
Authors: TOBE Y. , KANEDA T. , KAKIUCHI K. , ODAIRA Y.
Published: May 2016

Thermische Isomerisierung des aus dem Propelladien (I) hergestellten Propellatriens (II) liefert quantitativ ein 1:1‐Gemisch der im Titel genannten Verbindungen (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of π‐Cyclopentadienyl Transition Metal Complexes.
Authors: KHRUSHCHEVA N. S. , GINZBURG A. G. , PYSHNOGRAEVA N. I. , SETKINA V. N. , SOKOLOV V. I.
Published: May 2016

Die Hydrierung der Cyclopentadienyl‐Komplexe (I) in saurem Milieu führt vorwiegend zu Cyclopentan (II) neben wenig Cyclopenten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Single Electron Transfer as Rate‐Determining Step in an Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution.
Authors: LUND T. , LUND H.
Published: May 2016

The alkylation of electrochemically generated anion radicals derived from azobenzenes (I), quinoxaline, or anthracene (V) gives higher yields of coupling products such as (III) or (IV) at more negative reduction potentials.
ChemInform Abstract: Mercury(II) Chloride‐Iodine: A Useful Reagent for the Direct and Regiospecific Synthesis of α‐Iodocarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: BARLUENGA J. , MARTINEZ‐GALLO J. M. , NAJERA C. , YUS M.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the carbonyl compounds (I) with mercury(II) chloride‐iodine produces the α‐iodocarbonyl compounds (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Acetals and Orthoesters with Triisobutylaluminum.
Authors: VOLKOV A. A. , ZLOTSKII S. S. , KRAVETS E. KH. , RAKHMANKULOV D. L.
Published: May 2016

The reactions between the cyclic acetals (I) or (III) and iBu3Al according to method A) occur at 100 °C to yield the acyclic ethers (II) and (IV), which result from hydrogenation of the acetals (I) and (III) by iBu3Al and concomitant evolution of isobutene.