bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A thermal fluid dynamics framework applied to multi-component substrates experiencing fusion and vaporisation state transitions
Authors: Flint Thomas F. , Scotti Lucia , Basoalto Hector C. , Smith Michael C.
Published: November 2020

The fluid dynamics of multi-component alloy systems subjected to high energy density sources of heat largely determines the local composition, microstructure, and material properties. In this work a multi-component thermal fluid dynamics framework is presented for the prediction of alloy system development due to melting, vaporisation, condensation and solidification phenomena. A volume dilation term is introduced into the continuity equation to account for the density jump between liquid and vapour species, conserving mass through vaporisation and condensation state changes. Mass diffusion, surface tension, the temperature dependence of surface tension, buoyancy terms and latent heat effects are incorporated. The framework is applied to describe binary vapour collapse into a heterogeneous binary liquid, and a high energy density power beam joining application; where a rigorous mathematical description of preferential element evaporation is presented.
Affinity-free enrichment and mass spectrometry analysis of the ovarian cancer biomarker CA125 (MUC16) from patient-derived ascites
Authors: Schuster-Little Naviya , Fritz-Klaus Roberta , Etzel Mark , Patankar Niharika , Javeri Saahil , Patankar Manish S. , Whelan Rebecca J.
Published: November 2020

Developing a mass spectrometry-based assay for the ovarian cancer biomarker CA125 (MUC16) is a desirable goal, because it may enable detection of proteoforms that are analytically silent in the current immunoassay.
Determination of robenidine in shrimp and chicken samples using the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic strip assay
Authors: Lin Lu , Song Shanshan , Wu Xiaoling , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xiao Jing , Xu Chuanlai
Published: November 2020

In this study, the monoclonal antibody-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and an immunochromatographic strip assay were developed for the rapid screening of robenidine hydrochloride (ROBH) in samples.
A peptidic inhibitor for PD-1 palmitoylation targets its expression and functions
Authors: Yao Han , Li Chushu , He Fang , Song Teng , Brosseau Jean-Philippe , Wang Huanbin , Lu Haojie , Fang Caiyun , Shi Hubing , Lan Jiang , Fang Jing-Yuan , Xu Jie
Published: November 2020

We show for the first time that PD-1 is palmitoylated, identify DHHC9 as the predominant enzyme for its palmitoylation, and reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects on PD-1 stability and functions. Importantly, we also designed PD1-PALM, a competitive inhibitor of PD-1 palmitoylation, and this first-in-class molecule may inspire the development of new checkpoint inhibitors.
Porous Li-MOF as a solid-state electrolyte: exploration of lithium ion conductivity through bio-inspired ionic channels
Authors: Nath Karabi , Bin Rahaman Abdulla , Moi Rajib , Maity Kartik , Biradha Kumar
Published: November 2020

A newly constructed porous Li-MOF was used as a solvent free solid electrolyte for Li-ion conductivity.
Near-IR absorbing J-aggregates of a phenanthrene-fused BODIPY as a highly efficient photothermal nanoagent
Authors: Guo Xing , Li Mao , Wu Hao , Sheng Wanle , Feng Yuanmei , Yu Changjiang , Jiao Lijuan , Hao Erhong
Published: November 2020

A phenanthrene-[b]-fused BODIPY exhibited well-defined J-aggregates in both pure hydrocarbon solution and aqueous solution, and was developed as a highly efficient photothermal nanoagent.
Constructing a four-input molecular keypad lock with a multi-stimuli-responsive phthalocyanine
Authors: Ha Summer Y. Y. , Ng Dennis K. P.
Published: November 2020

A novel phthalocyanine has been designed and synthesised whose response towards different stimuli can be manipulated to enable it to function as a four-input molecular keypad lock.
Chemoselective and enantioselective fluorescent recognition of glutamic and aspartic acids
Authors: Tian Jun , Wang Yalin , Chen Yu , Zhao Feng , Jiang Yixuan , Yu Shanshan , Yu Xiaoqi , Pu Lin
Published: November 2020

A highly chemoselective as well as enantioselective fluorescent probe has been discovered for the recognition of the acidic amino acids, including glutamic acid and aspartic acid.
Constructing van der Waals gaps in cubic-structured SnTe-based thermoelectric materials
Authors: Xu Xiao , Cui Juan , Yu Yong , Zhu Bin , Huang Yi , Xie Lin , Wu Di , He Jiaqing
Published: November 2020

A new strategy of constructing van der Waals gaps in cubic-structured Sb2Te3(SnTe)n is presented to enhance the thermoelectric properties.
Fate of bioavailable nutrients released to a stream during episodic effluent releases from a municipal wastewater treatment lagoon
Authors: Painter Kristin J. , Brua Robert B. , Spoelstra John , Koehler Geoff , Yates Adam G.
Published: November 2020

Fate of nutrients from episodic wastewater lagoon effluent release was studied. Quantity of labile P in pulses often exceeded uptake. Management of lagoons should thus be informed by stream processing.
Nanostructured manganese oxides exhibit facet-dependent oxidation capabilities
Authors: Fu Di , Duan Lin , Jiang Chuanjia , Zhang Tong , Chen Wei
Published: November 2020

Nanostructured manganese oxides exhibit facet-dependent capabilities that can be exploited to improve their performance for sustainable agricultural application.
Ammonia removal from mixed dewatering liquors by three different deammonification technologies
Authors: Ochs Pascal , Martin Benjamin D. , Germain Eve , Stephenson Tom , van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. , Soares Ana
Published: November 2020

Deammonification is an established biological nitrogen removal process for dewatering liquors from anaerobic digestion.
Amelioration of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by sodium butyrate is linked to the modulation of intestinal tight junctions in db/db mice
Authors: Yang Tingting , Yang Hao , Heng Cai , Wang Haiyan , Chen Shangxiu , Hu Yinlu , Jiang Zhenzhou , Yu Qiongna , Wang ZhongJian , Qian Sitong , Wang Jianyun , Wang Tao , Du Lei , Lu Qian , Yin Xiaoxing
Published: November 2020

T2DM–induced intestinal HG and intestinal barrier damage could co-inhibit GLP–1 secretion via suppressing intestinal TGR5 expression. Butyric acid secretes GLP–1 through the increase of TGR5 protein expression mediated by intestinal TJs and relieves inflammation.
Advances in bio-nylon 5X: discovery of new lysine decarboxylases for the high-level production of cadaverine
Authors: Xue Yaju , Zhao Yongliang , Ji Xiuling , Yao Jiahao , Busk Peter Kamp , Lange Lene , Huang Yuhong , Zhang Suojiang
Published: November 2020

New lysine decarboxylases, combined with the simultaneous cell-treatment and bioconversion processes have great potential in the large-scale production of cadaverine.
Novel zero-dimensional lead-free bismuth based perovskites: from synthesis to structural and optoelectronic characterization
Authors: Ozório Mailde S. , Oliveira Willian X. C. , Silveira Julian F. R. V. , Nogueira Ana Flávia , Da Silva Juarez L. F.
Published: November 2020

Despite high photo-conversion efficiency, the short long-term stability and toxicity issues have prevented lead-based perovskites from becoming the standard in high efficiency solar cells.
Tensile and torsional elastomer fiber artificial muscle by entropic elasticity with thermo-piezoresistive sensing of strain and rotation by a single electric signal
Authors: Wang Run , Shen Yanan , Qian Dong , Sun Jinkun , Zhou Xiang , Wang Weichao , Liu Zunfeng
Published: November 2020

Artificial muscles are developed by using twisted natural rubber fiber coated with buckled carbon nanotube sheet, which show tensile and torsional actuations and sensing functionviathe resistance change by a single electric signal.
Involvement of Nrf2 and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in trehalose protection against cadmium-induced kidney injury
Authors: Fan Rui-Feng , Li Zi-Fa , Zhang Dong , Wang Zhen-Yong
Published: November 2020

Cadmium (Cd) poisoning is characterized by multiple organ dysfunction in organisms, and the kidney is the main target organ of Cd toxicity. Trehalose (Tr), a multifunctional bioactive disaccharide, possesses potential kidney protective properties. Nevertheless, the specific biological function of Tr in antagonizing kidney injury induced by Cd remains to be elucidated. Herein, an in vivo model of Tr antagonizing Cd nephrotoxicity was established and the indictors related to kidney function, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were detected to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the Tr-protection against Cd-induced kidney injury of rats. Firstly, Tr significantly declined the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine, and partially restored renal pathological changes caused by Cd. Secondly, Cd exposure significantly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and decreased the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) in serum. However, Tr significantly ameliorated these abnormal alterations. Moreover, Tr regulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway to suppress the Cd-induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD (P) H quinone reductase-1 (NQO1). Meanwhile, Tr significantly reversed the increased Sequestosome-1(SQSTM1/p62) and decreased Kelch-like ECH associated protein-1 (Keap1) protein levels induced by Cd. Thirdly, further mechanistic exploration suggested that Tr inhibited the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway induced by Cd. Collectively, the results indicated that Tr exerts antioxidant and anti-apoptosis functions involving the Nrf2 and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathways to protect against Cd-induced kidney injury in rats.
Biomimetic fog collection and its influencing factors
Authors: Tang Xing , Guo Zhiguang
Published: November 2020

This review starts with the main process of fog collection and then analyzes the influencing factors that affect the efficiency of fog collection.
Tuning the size and morphology of P3HT/PCBM composite nanoparticles: towards optimized water-processable organic solar cells
Authors: Ghazy Omayma , Freisinger Birger , Lieberwith Ingo , Landfester Katharina
Published: November 2020

Different process parameters in miniemulsion method yield different particle size and morphology of P3HT/ PCBM composite nanoparticles.
Estimation of the spatial distribution of Frenkel defects in NiFe2O4 by simulation of HAADF-STEM images
Authors: Bao Haihong , Wang Jia-ao , Yuan Wenjuan , Luo Jun
Published: November 2020

The spacial configurations of Frenkel defects in NiFe2O4 nanofilm were observed through STEM and determined by image simulations.
Design and preparation of new luminescent metal–organic frameworks and different doped isomers: sensing pollution ions and enhancement of gas capture capacity
Authors: Wu Dan , Cheng Jianguo , Wang Meng , Liu Jiao , Jin Jing , Yang Guoping , Zhang Wenyan , Wang Yao-Yu
Published: November 2020

A new type of luminescent metal–organic framework (MOF) and different doped isomers were designed and prepared to detect pollutant ions and enhance gas adsorption properties.
Rhodium-catalyzed sequential intermolecular hydroacylation and deconjugative isomerization toward diversified diketones
Authors: You Guirong , Chang Zhi-Xin , Yan Jizhong , Xia Chengcai , Li Fu-Rong , Li Hong-Shuang
Published: November 2020

A rhodium(i)-catalyzed reaction via an intermolecular hydroacylation/deconjugative isomerization cascade was developed which enabled the facile synthesis of valuable 1,4-, 1,5-, and 1,6-diketones with good to excellent yields.
Unusual reversibility in molecular break-up of PAHs: the case of pentacene dehydrogenation on Ir(111)
Authors: Curcio Davide , Sierda Emil , Pozzo Monica , Bignardi Luca , Sbuelz Luca , Lacovig Paolo , Lizzit Silvano , Alfè Dario , Baraldi Alessandro
Published: November 2020

In this work, we characterise the adsorption of pentacene molecules on Ir(111) and their dissociation behaviour as a function of temperature.
Ferro-self-assembly: magnetic and electrochemical adaptation of a multiresponsive zwitterionic metalloamphiphile showing a shape-hysteresis effect
Authors: Bitter Stefan , Schlötter Moritz , Schilling Markus , Krumova Marina , Polarz Sebastian , Winter Rainer F.
Published: November 2020

The self-organization properties of a stimuli responsive amphiphile can be altered by subjecting the paramagnetic oxidized form to a magnetic field of 0.8 T and monitored in real time by coupling optical birefringence with dynamic light scattering.
Development of an active site titration reagent for α-amylases
Authors: Sweeney Ryan P. , Danby Phillip M. , Geissner Andreas , Karimi Ryan , Brask Jesper , Withers Stephen G.
Published: November 2020

α-Amylases are among the most widely used classes of enzymes in industry and considerable effort has gone into optimising their activities.
FeNi3–FeNi3N – a high-performance catalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Liang Shuqin , Jing Meizan , Thomas Tiju , Liu Jian , Guo Haichuan , Attfield J. Paul , Saad Ali , Shen Hangjia , Yang Minghui
Published: November 2020

A bifunctional material which has high performance towards overall water splitting in alkaline media is developed by coupling FeNi3N and FeNi3 in nanoscale.
Organic radical compound and carbon nanotube composites with enhanced electrical conductivity towards high-performance p-type and n-type thermoelectric materials
Authors: Wang Yanzhao , Chen Zhanhua , Huang Hongfeng , Wang Dagang , Liu Danqing , Wang Lei
Published: November 2020

Organic radical compound and SWCNT composites for high-performance p-type and n-type thermoelectric materials.
Defect suppression in multinary chalcogenide photovoltaic materials derived from kesterite: progress and outlook
Authors: Tian Qingwen , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: November 2020

Recent theoretical and experimental studies for cation substitution in kesterite-based materials were summarized, with a particular focus on inhibiting defects for mitigating Voc,def.
Triboelectric behaviors of inorganic Cs1−xAxPbBr3 halide perovskites toward enriching the triboelectric series
Authors: Wang Yudi , Yang Xiya , Xu Wenkai , Yu Xueping , Duan Jialong , Duan Yanyan , Tang Qunwei
Published: November 2020

Inorganic perovskites are regarded as “star” semiconductors with unique ferroelectricity due to their superior triboelectric behaviors to those of state-of-the-art dielectric polymers when applied in a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG).
Self-assembled nanostructures of phosphomolybdate, nucleobase and metal ions synthesis and their in vitro cytotoxicity studies on cancer cell lines
Authors: Chhipa Hemraj , Srinivasa Reddy T. , Soni Sarvesh K. , Selvakannan PR. , Bhargava Suresh K.
Published: November 2020

The ability of multidentate nucleobases to coordinate polyoxometalate and metal ions leading to the formation of self-assembled nanostructures has been demonstrated to exhibit enhanced anti-tumor efficiency.
Prognostic value of the post-operative red blood cell distribution width in patients with rectal cancer with neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery
Authors: Ren Yingkun , Wang Zhiling , Xie Jianguo , Wang Peijun
Published: November 2020

Purposes: Several studies have reported that elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) is related to poor prognosis in several cancers; however, the prognostic significance of perioperative RDW in patients with rectal cancer that received neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NACRT) is unclear.

Methods: A total of 120 patients with rectal cancer who received NACRT followed surgery were retrospectively reviewed from Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 2013 and 2015. Data for peripheral blood tests prior to the initiation of NACRT, before surgery and first chemotherapy after surgery were collected, respectively. The optimal cutoff values of RDW were determined by ROC analysis, respectively. The relationship between RDW and the prognosis of patients was evaluated by the Kaplan Meier method, respectively.

Results: The post-operative RDWHigh patients had significantly worse 5-year overall survival (OS, P=0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS, P<0.001) than the post-operative RDWLow patients, respectively. Whereas high pre-operative RDW was the only marker correlated with worse DFS (P=0.005) than the pre-operative RDWLow patients, no relationship was found between pre-RDW and prognosis (OS, P=0.069; DFS, P=0.133). Multivariate analysis showed post-operative RDW had better predictive value than pre-RDW and pre-operative RDW.

Conclusion: Post-operative RDW might be a useful prognostic indicator in patients with rectal cancer received neoadjuvant chemoradiation.
The molecular basis of immune-based platelet disorders
Authors: Hicks Sarah M. , Lee Christine S.M. , Ali Sidra A. , Choi Philip Y. , Gardiner Elizabeth E.
Published: November 2020

Platelets have a predominant role in haemostasis, the maintenance of blood volume and emerging roles as innate immune cells, in wound healing and in inflammatory responses. Platelets express receptors that are important for platelet adhesion, aggregation, participation in inflammatory responses, and for triggering degranulation and enhancing thrombin generation. They carry a cargo of granules bearing enzymes, adhesion molecules, growth factors and cytokines, and have the ability to generate reactive oxygen species. The platelet is at the frontline of a host of cellular responses to invading pathogens, injury, and infection. Perhaps because of this intrinsic responsibility of a platelet to rapidly respond to thrombotic, pathological and immunological factors as part of their infantry role; platelets are susceptible to targeted attack by the adaptive immune system. Such attacks are often transitory but result in aberrant platelet activation as well as significant loss of platelet numbers and platelet function, paradoxically leading to elevated risks of both thrombosis and bleeding. Here, we discuss the main molecular events underlying immune-based platelet disorders with specific focus on events occurring at the platelet surface leading to activation and clearance.
Active aerodynamics control of simplified vehicle body in a crosswind condition
Authors: Nakashima Takuji , Yan Chao , Moriuchi Takashi , Kohri Itsuhei , Mutsuda Hidemi , Doi Yasuaki
Published: November 2020

In this study, the authors used a steady jet from a slit nozzle to control the bi‐stable aerodynamics of a simple vehicle model under crosswind conditions. In general, the aerodynamic coefficients of an automobile change continuously with variations in the relative wind direction (i.e. yaw angle). However, some vehicles show a significant change in their aerodynamics at a certain yaw angle because their wake flow structure changes at that yaw angle. Furthermore, around that critical yaw angle, their aerodynamics sometimes show bi‐stability in which both the wake structures before and after the change are stable. The investigated model is the famous simplified model in vehicle aerodynamic research known as the Ahmed model. Its slant angle was set at 32° as a configuration that causes bi‐stability at a specific yaw angle range larger than 6°. The active aerodynamic control method was demonstrated in both the model scale wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics analysis. The slit jet with 18% of the main flow velocity successfully changed the wake flow structure. This showed that it is possible to improve the aerodynamic characteristics.
Radio timing in a millisecond pulsar – extreme/intermediate mass ratio binary system
Authors: Kimpson T. , Wu K. , Zane S.
Published: November 2020

Radio timing observations of a millisecond pulsar in orbit around the Galactic centre black hole (BH) or a BH at the centre of globular clusters could answer foundational questions in astrophysics and fundamental physics. Pulsar radio astronomy typically employs the post-Keplerian approximation to determine the system parameters. However, in the strong gravitational field around the central BH, higher order relativistic effects may become important. We compare the pulsar timing delays given by the post-Keplerian approximation with those given by a relativistic timing model. We find significant discrepancies between the solutions derived for the Einstein delay and the propagation delay (i.e. Roemer and Sharpiro delay) compared to the fully relativistic solutions. Correcting for these higher order relativistic effects is essential in order to construct accurate radio timing models for pulsar systems at the Galactic centre and the centre of globular clusters and informing issues related to their detection.
Experimental study on flexural performance of fabricated ceramsite concrete lightweight Wall Panel
Authors: Changming Bu , Haiyan Yang , Yi Sun , Hongzhi Liu , Dongxu Zhu , Lei Liu , Faxiang Wang
Published: November 2020

In this paper, through the mechanical property test of lightweight ceramsite concrete partition board, the bending bearing capacity of different thickness of the board is measured. Through the test, the influence of humidity on the ceramsite concrete wall panel and the vertical compressive performance of the ceramsite concrete slab are studied, and the vertical compressive bearing capacity is obtained. The results show that: the bearing capacity of different thickness wallboards used in the test is far greater than 1.5 times of the dead weight of the plates. Through the failure load of the plates, the deflection values and bending stiffness values of the wallboards in the actual engineering are obtained. The vertical allowable loads of the three thickness plates are 129.73KN, 311.90KN and 127.02KN.
Power Distribution Network Based on Digital 3D Twin Panoramic Modeling
Authors: Chao Zhan , Yizhao Luo , Ronggui Li , Jun Gao , Mi Zhang
Published: November 2020

Digital twins refer to virtual digital expressions constructed in virtual space that can characterize characteristics, the formation process and behavior of natural entities, and it has the characteristics of multi-physics, multi-scale and probability. This article mainly introduces the application research of digital 3D twin panorama modeling in power distribution network. This paper proposes the average current method to calculate the line loss of the power distribution network, so that the accuracy is guaranteed. In addition, the digital three-dimensional panoramic modeling method is used to optimize the grid system, and the data structure is used to calculate the power distribution network. Analyze the topological structure of the power grid, and then obtain the calculation method of the distribution network line loss. The experimental results in this paper show that the rendering efficiency of power grid results has increased by 17% based on the digital 3D twin panorama modeling, and the method and algorithm for matching video and panorama image are proposed, which solves the problem of video rotation angle on the panorama connection, so that The smoothness of panoramic roaming is improved by 23%.
Research on the Principle of Residual Current Protection Technology Based on Transient Waveform Criterion
Authors: Guolei Xiao , Yan Song , Juwei Ye , Chengcong Lv , Binfeng Wu , Feng Jiang , Weidong Jin
Published: November 2020

The paper uses a magnetic modulation current transformer method to detect transient waveform residual currents containing pulsating DC components and even smooth DC components. At the same time, it uses IIR-based digital low-pass filters to filter the collected signals, which improves Filtering accuracy. The software design is based on the floating-point DSP-TMS320F28335, which realizes the accurate sampling and analysis of the transient waveform residual current, and the transient waveform residual current detection meets the standard requirements.
Compare the Calculations of Steam Extraction Efficiency of Power Plant Turbine by Simple Heat Balance Method and Equivalent Enthalpy Drop Method
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Cheng Tongrui , Zhao Zhenning , Xu Liangcai
Published: November 2020

At present, the calculation method of steam extraction efficiency of power plant turbine have five methods: heat balance method, equivalent enthalpy drop method, cyclicfunctional method, composite structure method and matrix method. In this paper, a 600MW grade subcritical thermal power plan is take as an examplefor comparing the calculation by the simple heat balance method and the equivalent enthalpy drop method. The result shows that the computational results of simple heat balance method agree with equivalent enthalpy drop method. So simple heat balance method can be used to replace equivalent enthalpy drop method in order to reduce calculation amount in practicalapplication.
Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium infections in ewes and lambs are a source of environmental contamination with zoonotic genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum
Authors: Bordes Léa , Houert Pauline , Costa Damien , Favennec Loïc , Vial-Novella Corinne , Fidelle Francis , Grisez Christelle , Prévot Françoise , Jacquiet Philippe , Razakandrainibe Romy
Published: November 2020

Protozoan parasites of the Cryptosporidium genus cause severe cryptosporidiosis in newborn lambs. However, asymptomatic infections also occur frequently in lambs and ewes. In sheep, the most commonly detected Cryptosporidium species are C. ubiquitum, C. xiaoi and C. parvum. Due to a lack of relevant information about such infections in France, we investigated the situation on five dairy sheep farms in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Department in south-western France in December 2017. Individual fecal samples were collected from 79 female lambs (5–17 days old) and their mothers (72 ewes). Oocysts were screened using Heine staining before and after Bailenger concentrations. Cryptosporidium species identification and genotyping were performed using real-time PCR and gp60 gene sequencing. No cases of clinical cryptosporidiosis were observed in the 79 lambs. Microscopically, Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were observed in only one lamb on one farm (prevalence 1.3%) and one ewe on another farm (prevalence 1.4%). By contrast, Cryptosporidium spp. DNA was detected in 17 ewes (prevalence ranging from 10.5% to 50% depending on the farm) and in 36 lambs (prevalence ranging from 0% to 77.8% depending on the farm). Only zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum IId and IIa genotypes were identified when genotyping was possible. Cryptosporidium ubiquitum and C. xiaoi were detected on one and three farms, respectively. We conclude that healthy young lambs and their mothers during the peripartum period could be a source of environmental contamination with oocysts.
Linking humans, their animals, and the environmentagain: a decolonized and more-than-human approach to “One Health”
Authors: Lainé Nicolas , Morand Serge
Published: November 2020

This article considers a broad perspective of “One Health” that includes local and animal knowledge. Drawing from various colonial efforts to link human, animal, and environmental health, it first shows that the current “One Health” initiative has its roots in colonial engagement and coincides with a need to secure the health of administrators (controlling that of local populations), while pursing use of resources. In our contemporary period of repeated epidemic outbreaks, we then discuss the need for greater inclusion of social science knowledge for a better understanding of complex socio-ecological systems. We show how considering anthropology and allied sub-disciplines (anthropology of nature, medical anthropology, and human-animal studies) highlights local knowledge on biodiversity as well as the way social scientists investigate diversity in relation to other forms of knowledge. Acknowledging recent approaches, specifically multispecies ethnography, the article then aims to include not only local knowledge but also non-human knowledge for a better prevention of epidemic outbreaks. Finally, the conclusion stresses the need to adopt the same symmetrical approach to scientific and profane knowledge as a way to decolonize One Health, as well as to engage in a more-than-human approach including non-human animals as objects-subjects of research.
Accounting for One Health: Insights from the social sciences
Authors: Michalon Jérôme
Published: November 2020

This paper discusses the relationship between One Health (OH) and the social sciences. Using a comparison between three narratives of the history of OH, it is argued that OH can be studied as a social phenomenon. The narrative of OH by its promoters (folk narratives) emphasizes two dimensions: OH as a renewal of veterinary medicine and OH as an institutional response to global health crises. Narratives from empirical social science work explore similar dimensions, but make them more complex. For political sociology, OH is the result of negotiations between the three international organisations (WHO, OIE and FAO), in a context of a global health crisis, which led to the reconfiguration of their respective mandates and scope of action: OH is aresponse to an institutional crisis. For the sociology of science, OH testifies to the evolution of the profession and veterinary science, enabling it to position itself as a promoter of interdisciplinarity, in a context of convergence between research and policy. In the Discussion section, I propose an approach to OH as an “epistemic watchword”: a concept whose objective is to make several actors work together (watchword), in a particular direction, that of the production of knowledge (epistemic).
Polycythämia vera in der differenzialdiagnostischen Abklärung kognitiver Defizite
Authors: Kowar Michael , Wilhelm Kai , Jacobs Andreas H
Published: November 2020

Anamnese Es erfolgt die Aufnahme einer 82-jährigen Patientin zur weiteren Abklärung zunehmender kognitiver Defizite und Gangunsicherheit.

Diagnostik und Befunde In der durchgeführten Computertomografie des Kopfes zeigten sich die Zeichen einer fortgeschrittenen subkortikalen arteriosklerotischen Enzephalopathie (SAE). Laborchemisch fiel ein erhöhter Hämoglobinwert von 19,9 g/dl auf. Bei zusätzlicher Mutation in der JAK-2-Analyse wurde die Diagnose einer Polycythämia vera (Pv) gestellt. Nach Aderlass-Therapie zeigte sich eine Verbesserung der Kognition.

Diskussion Die progredienten kognitiven Defizite sind bei vorbestehender SAE im Zusammenhang mit der neu diagnostizierten Pv zu sehen. Nach entsprechender Therapie der Pv ist auch langfristig eine Besserung der Kognition zu beobachten, sodass in diesem Fallbericht die Wichtigkeit einer Abklärung sekundärer, potenziell behandelbarer Ursachen von kognitiven Defiziten hervorgehoben wird.
Application of UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS in Phytochemical Profiling of Sage (Salvia officinalis) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
Authors: Velamuri Ravikishore , Sharma Yashaswini , Fagan John , Schaefer Jim
Published: November 2020

UHPLC with QTOF-MS is widely used as a powerful tool for metabolomic analysis. This technology has recently been applied to the analysis of polyphenols in food and herb extracts. Sage (Salvia officinalis) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), belonging to the family Lamiaceae, are known for their potent antioxidant properties due to the presence of polyphenols. We have developed a sensitive and reproducible UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based method for comprehensive phytochemical profiling and the identification and quantitation of specific polyphenolic compounds present in sage and rosemary leaves. The herbs were extracted ultrasonically using methanol as the solvent. In sage, rosmarinic acid (17 678.7±673.4 µg/g) and 12-methoxy carnosic acid (21 918.3±715.4 µg/g) were found in the highest concentrations among all polyphenols. In contrast, rosmarinic acid (14 311.0±636.4 µg/g), luteolin-3'-acetyl-O-glucuronide (1488.50±47.58 µg/g), and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (1053.68±68.83 µg/g) were observed in the highest concentrations in rosemary. Sagerinic acid, rosmanol, rosmadial, carnosol, and carnosic acid were found in abundance in both sage and rosemary. The pentacyclic triterpenoid, corosolic acid ([M - H]¯ m/z 471.35), was detected for the first time in both plants. Of the 47 polyphenolic compounds identified in each plant, 38 compounds were found in common in rosemary and sage. A flavonoid compound, baicalin ([M -H]¯ m/z 445.08), was identified for the first time in S. officinalis. Also, pectolinarigenin ([M - H]¯ m/z 313.07), a dimethoxyflavone, was detected for the first time in both sage and rosemary leaves.
Brown-Algae Polysaccharides as Active Constituents against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Rashed Zeinab El , Grasselli Elena , Khalifeh Hala , Canesi Laura , Demori Ilaria
Published: November 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a metabolic disorder characterized by lipid overloading in hepatocytes that can progress pathogenically and even end in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pharmacological treatment is still limited by unwanted side effects, whereas the use of food components with therapeutic potential is advisable. The culinary use of marine algae is traditional for some populations and reviving worldwide, with promising health outcomes due to the large number of bioactive compounds found in seaweeds. The present review focuses on brown-algae polysaccharides, particularly fucoidan, alginate, and laminarin, and summarizes the experimental evidence of their potential effects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease onset and progression. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that brown-algae polysaccharides exert beneficial actions on satiety feeling, caloric intake, fat absorption, and modulation of the gut
microbiota, which could account for indirect effects on energy and lipid homeostasis, thus diminishing the fat overload in the liver. Specific effects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis and worsening are also described and sustained by the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antisteatotic properties of brown-algae polysaccharides. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanism of action of brown-algae polysaccharides on liver cells, to determine the composition and bioavailability of brown-algae polysaccharides present in different algal sources and to probe the clinical availability of these compounds in the form of algal foods, food supplements, and regulated therapeutics.
Synthesis of Cyclohexane-Angularly-Fused Triquinanes
Authors: Jeon Hongjun , Winkler Jeffrey D.
Published: November 2020

Cyclohexane-angularly-fused triquinanes, 6-5-5-5 tetra­cycles, have attracted the attention of synthetic chemists due to their highly congested core structures and multiple quaternary carbon centers. This review focuses on the six completed total synthesis of naturally occurring cyclohexane-angularly-fused triquinanes in addition to seven notable methodologies that have been developed for the synthesis of these structures.

1 Introduction

2 6-5-5-5 Tetracycles Containing a Linear Triquinane

2.1 Total Synthesis of Cyclopiane Diterpenes

2.2 Synthetic Approach toward Aberrarane Diterpenes

2.3 Intermediates in the Total Synthesis of Magellanine-Type Alkaloids

3 6-5-5-5 Tetracycles Containing an Angular Triquinane

3.1 Total Synthesis of Waihoensene

3.2 Miscellaneous Approaches

4 Conclusion
Cardiac Phlegmon: Infectious Endocarditis Causing Ventricular Wall Rupture
Authors: Fleißner Felix , Tudorache Igor , Christgen Matthias , Cebotari Serghei
Published: November 2020

Background Rupture of the cardiac ventricular wall is a rare and essentially lethal complication of infectious endocarditis valvularis.

Case Description We report a case of a 49-year-old female patient with infectious endocarditis of the aortic valve. Following aortic valve replacement, the patient developed a sudden free left ventricular wall rupture. Immediate reoperation was successful. Histopathology revealed a myocardial infarction due to septic thromboembolism causing a phlegmonlike myocardial appearance.

Conclusion This is a rare case of a myocardial phlegmon with subsequent cardiac lateral wall rupture in the context of an infectious endocarditis with septic coronary embolism.
30 Years of Flipping the Coin—Heads or Tails?
Authors: Svetanoff Wendy Jo , Dorman Robert M. , Dekonenko Charlene , Osuchukwu Obiyo O. , Hendrickson Richard J. , Fraser Jason D. , Oyetunji Tolulope A. , St Peter Shawn D.
Published: November 2020

Introduction Swallowed coins are a frequent cause of pediatric emergency department visits. Removal typically involves endoscopic retrieval under anesthesia. We describe our 30-year experience retrieving coins using a Foley catheter under fluoroscopy (“coin flip”).

Materials and Methods Patients younger than 18 years who underwent the coin flip procedure from 1988 to 2018 were identified. Failure of fluoroscopic retrieval was followed by rigid endoscopic retrieval in the operating room. Detailed subanalysis of patients between 2011 and 2018 was also performed.

Results A total of 809 patients underwent the coin flip procedure between 1988 and 2018. Median age was 3.3 years; 51% were male. The mean duration from ingestion to presentation was 19.8 hours. Overall success of removal from the esophagus was 85.5%, with 76.5% of coins retrieved and 9% pushed into the stomach. All remaining coins were retrieved by endoscopy. Complication rate was 1.2% with nine minor and one major complications, a tracheal tear that required repair. In our recent cohort, successful fluoroscopic removal led to shorter hospital lengths of stay (3.2 vs. 18.1 hours, p < 0.001).

Conclusion Patients who present with a coin in the esophagus can be successfully managed with a coin flip, which can be performed without hospital admission, with rare complications.
Charge Nurses Taking Charge, Challenging the Culture of Culture-Negative Sepsis, and Preventing Central-Line Infections to Reduce NICU Antibiotic Usage
Authors: Shukla Samarth , Cortez Josef , Renfro Bill , Makker Kartikeya , Timmons Colleen , Nandula P. Sireesha , Hazboun Rita , Dababneh Rima , Hoopes Cristina , VanRavestein Jenny , McCarter Yvette , Middlebrooks Marilyn , Ingyinn Ma , Alvarez Ana , Hudak Mark L.
Published: November 2020

Objective We aimed to reduce our monthly antibiotic usage rate (AUR, days of treatment per 1,000 patient-days) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from a baseline of 330 (July 2015–April 2016) to 200 by December 2018.

Study Design We identified three key drivers as follows: (1) engaging NICU charge nurses, (2) challenging the culture of culture-negative sepsis, and (3) reducing central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). Our main outcome was AUR. The percentage of culture-negative sepsis that was treated with antibiotics for >48 hours and CLABSI was our process measure. We used hospital cost/duration of hospitalization and mortality as our balancing measures.

Results After testing several plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles, we saw a modest reduction in AUR from 330 in the year 2016 to 297 in the year 2017. However, we did not find a special-cause variation in AUR via statistical process control (SPC) analysis (u'-chart). Thereafter, we focused our efforts to reduce CLABSI in January 2018. As a result, our mean AUR fell to 217 by December 2018. Our continued efforts resulted in a sustained reduction in AUR beyond the goal period. Importantly, cost of hospitalization and mortality did not increase during the improvement period.

Conclusion Our sequential quality improvement (QI) efforts led to a reduction in AUR. We implemented processes to establish a robust antibiotic stewardship program that included antibiotic time-outs led by NICU charge nurses and a focus on preventing CLABSI that were sustained beyond the QI period.

Key Points
Perinatal Outcomes of Subjects Enrolled in a Multicenter Trial with a Waiver of Antenatal Consent
Authors: Katheria Anup C. , Allman Phillip , Szychowski Jeff M. , Essers Jochen , Carlo Waldemar A. , Schmölzer Georg M. , Dempsey Eugene , Yanowitz Toby , Kaempf Joseph , Vora Farha , Bhat Shazia , Arnell Kathy , Rich Wade , Varner Michael
Published: November 2020

Objective This study aimed to determine whether outcomes differed between infants enrolled in the PREMOD2 trial and those otherwise eligible but not enrolled, and whether the use of waiver effected these differences.

Study Design The multicenter PREMOD2 (PREmature infants receiving Milking Or Delayed cord clamping) trial was approved for waiver of antenatal consent by six of the nine sites institutional review boards, while three sites exclusively used antenatal consent. Every randomized subject delivered at a site with a waiver of consent was approached for postnatal consent to allow for data collection. Four of those six sites IRBs required the study team to attempt antenatal consent when possible. Three sites exclusively used antenatal consent.

Results Enrolled subjects had higher Apgar scores, less use of positive pressure ventilation, a lower rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and a less frequent occurrence of the combined outcome of severe intraventricular hemorrhage or death. A significantly greater number of infants were enrolled at sites with an option of waiver of consent (66 vs. 26%, risk ratio = 2.54, p < 0.001). At sites with an option of either approaching families before delivery or after delivery with a waiver of antenatal consent, those approached prior to delivery refused consent 40% (range 15–74% across six sites) of the time.

Conclusion PREMOD2 trial demonstrated analytical validity limitations because of the variable mix of antenatal consent and waiver of consent. A waiver of antenatal consent for minimal risk interventional trials conducted during the intrapartum period will be more successful in enrolling a representative sample of low and high-risk infants if investigators are able to enroll all eligible subjects.

Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03019367.

Key Points
Effect of chaotic agent dynamics on coevolution of cooperation and synchronization
Authors: Chattopadhyay Rohitashwa , Sadhukhan Shubhadeep , Chakraborty Sagar
Published: November 2020

The effect of chaotic dynamical states of agents on the coevolution of cooperation and synchronization in a structured population of the agents remains unexplored. With a view to gaining insights into this problem, we construct a coupled map lattice of the paradigmatic chaotic logistic map by adopting the Watts–Strogatz network algorithm. The map models the agent’s chaotic state dynamics. In the model, an agent benefits by synchronizing with its neighbors, and in the process of doing so, it pays a cost. The agents update their strategies (cooperation or defection) by using either a stochastic or a deterministic rule in an attempt to fetch themselves higher payoffs than what they already have. Among some other interesting results, we find that beyond a critical coupling strength, which increases with the rewiring probability parameter of the Watts–Strogatz model, the coupled map lattice is spatiotemporally synchronized regardless of the rewiring probability. Moreover, we observe that the population does not desynchronize completely—and hence, a finite level of cooperation is sustained—even when the average degree of the coupled map lattice is very high. These results are at odds with how a population of the non-chaotic Kuramoto oscillators as agents would behave. Our model also brings forth the possibility of the emergence of cooperation through synchronization onto a dynamical state that is a periodic orbit attractor.
Van der Pauw device used to investigate the thermoelectric power factor
Authors: Haupt Sebastian , Edler Frank , Bartel Markus , Pernau Hans-Fridtjof
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we describe a measuring system based on the Van der Pauw principle with four calibrated type S thermocouples. By means of this system, we conducted traceable measurements of the absolute Seebeck coefficients and the electrical conductivity of thermoelectric bulk materials to establish a precise determination of the power factor. The results of a comparative investigation of metallic (ISOTAN® and Nickel) and semiconducting (SiGe) materials in the temperature range of 300 K–1100 K are presented. The good agreement of the Seebeck coefficients and electrical conductivities measured using the system and the data reported from the literature and values of these transport properties premeasured using another measuring system forms the basis for the usage of the system for the further certification of thermoelectric reference materials for the power factor up to 1100 K.
Two-color, two-dimensional pyrometers based on monochrome and color cameras for high-temperature (>1000 K) planar measurements
Authors: Jiménez S.
Published: November 2020

Two high-temperature 2D-pyrometers are described in this work. They are, respectively, based on the comparison of light intensities received by two monochrome cameras with narrow filters and the different color channels in a single color camera. The calibration procedure includes tests with thermocouples in flame flue gases and with a light bulb filament in the range 1050 K–2650 K, although the upper limit may be reliably extrapolated in the two-camera pyrometer. This device shows smaller uncertainties in absolute temperature determination than the other, ∼±15 K in the calibration curve. A combination of the two-color technique with intensity pyrometry is shown to allow the quantification of differences of the order of 1 K for uniform emissivity surfaces. Several examples of application of both pyrometers are presented to assess their spatial resolution and thermal capabilities, including the contact between the hot filament and its support in the light bulb and fine-wire thermocouples with large bead/wire ratios. The optical systems were designed for their use at short working distances and with high spatial resolution (4.7 μm/pixel and 8.7 µm/pixel) but could be adapted to other scenarios.
Systematic study of nonmagnetic resistance changes due to electrical pulsing in single metal layers and metal/antiferromagnet bilayers
Authors: Jacot B. J. , Krishnaswamy G. , Sala G. , Avci C. O. , Vélez S. , Gambardella P. , Lambert C.-H.
Published: November 2020

Intense current pulses are often required to operate microelectronic and spintronic devices. Notably, strong current pulses have been shown to induce magnetoresistance changes attributed to domain reorientation in antiferromagnet/heavy metal bilayers and non-centrosymmetric antiferromagnets. In such cases, nonmagnetic resistivity changes may dominate over signatures of antiferromagnetic switching. We report systematic measurements of the current-induced changes of the transverse and longitudinal resistance of Pt and Pt/NiO layers deposited on insulating substrates, namely, Si/SiO2, Si/Si3N4, and Al2O3. We identify the range of pulse amplitude and length that can be used without affecting the resistance and show that it increases with the device size and thermal diffusivity of the substrate. No significant difference is observed in the resistive response of Pt and NiO/Pt devices, thus precluding evidence on the switching of antiferromagnetic domains in NiO. The variation of the transverse resistance is associated to a thermally activated process in Pt that decays following a double exponential law with characteristic timescales of a few minutes to hours. We use a Wheatstone bridge model to discriminate between positive and negative resistance changes, highlighting competing annealing and electromigration effects. Depending on the training of the devices, the transverse resistance can either increase or decrease between current pulses. Furthermore, we elucidate the origin of the nonmonotonic resistance baseline, which we attribute to training effects combined with the asymmetric distribution of the current. These results provide insight into the origin of current-induced resistance changes in metal layers and a guide to minimize nonmagnetic artifacts in switching experiments of antiferromagnets.