bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth phase estimation for abundant bacterial populations sampled longitudinally from human stool metagenomes
Authors: Lim Joe J. , Diener Christian , Wilson James , Valenzuela Jacob J. , Baliga Nitin S. , Gibbons Sean M.
Published: September 2023

Longitudinal sampling of the stool has yielded important insights into the ecological dynamics of the human gut microbiome. However, human stool samples are available approximately once per day, while commensal population doubling times are likely on the order of minutes-to-hours. Despite this mismatch in timescales, much of the prior work on human gut microbiome time series modeling has assumed that day-to-day fluctuations in taxon abundances are related to population growth or death rates, which is likely not the case. Here, we propose an alternative model of the human gut as a stationary system, where population dynamics occur internally and the bacterial population sizes measured in a bolus of stool represent a steady-state endpoint of these dynamics. We formalize this idea as stochastic logistic growth. We show how this model provides a path toward estimating the growth phases of gut bacterial populations in situ. We validate our model predictions using an in vitro Escherichia coli growth experiment. Finally, we show how this method can be applied to densely-sampled human stool metagenomic time series data. We discuss how these growth phase estimates may be used to better inform metabolic modeling in flow-through ecosystems, like animal guts or industrial bioreactors.
Time space and single-cell resolved tissue lineage trajectories and laterality of body plan at gastrulation
Authors: Wang Ran , Yang Xianfa , Chen Jiehui , Zhang Lin , Griffiths Jonathan A. , Cui Guizhong , Chen Yingying , Qian Yun , Peng Guangdun , Li Jinsong , Wang Liantang , Marioni John C. , Tam Patrick P. L. , Jing Naihe
Published: September 2023

Understanding of the molecular drivers of lineage diversification and tissue patterning during primary germ layer development requires in-depth knowledge of the dynamic molecular trajectories of cell lineages across a series of developmental stages of gastrulation. Through computational modeling, we constructed at single-cell resolution, a spatio-temporal transcriptome of cell populations in the germ-layers of gastrula-stage mouse embryos. This molecular atlas enables the inference of molecular network activity underpinning the specification and differentiation of the germ-layer tissue lineages. Heterogeneity analysis of cellular composition at defined positions in the epiblast revealed progressive diversification of cell types. The single-cell transcriptome revealed an enhanced BMP signaling activity in the right-side mesoderm of late-gastrulation embryo. Perturbation of asymmetric BMP signaling activity at late gastrulation led to randomization of left-right molecular asymmetry in the lateral mesoderm of early-somite-stage embryo. These findings indicate the asymmetric BMP activity during gastrulation may be critical for the symmetry breaking process.
Robotic-OCT guided inspection and microsurgery of monolithic storage devices
Authors: He Bin , Zhang Yuxin , Zhao Lu , Sun Zhenwen , Hu Xiyuan , Kang Yanrong , Wang Lei , Li Zhihui , Huang Wei , Li Zhigang , Xing Guidong , Hua Feng , Wang Chengming , Xue Ping , Zhang Ning
Published: September 2023

Data recovery from monolithic storage devices (MSDs) is in high demand for legal or business purposes. However, the conventional data recovery methods are destructive, complicated, and time-consuming. We develop a robotic-arm-assisted optical coherence tomography (robotic-OCT) for non-destructive inspection of MSDs, offering ~7 μm lateral resolution, ~4 μm axial resolution and an adjustable field-of-view to accommodate various MSD sizes. Using a continuous scanning strategy, robotic-OCT achieves automated volumetric imaging of a micro-SD card in ~37 seconds, significantly faster than the traditional stop-and-stare scanning that typically takes tens of minutes. We also demonstrate the robotic-OCT-guided laser ablation as a microsurgical tool for targeted area removal with precision of ±10 μm and accuracy of ~50 μm, eliminating the need to remove the entire insulating layer and operator intervention, thus greatly improving the data recovery efficiency. This work has diverse potential applications in digital forensics, failure analysis, materials testing, and quality control.
Topological data analysis of spatial patterning in heterogeneous cell populations: clustering and sorting with varying cell-cell adhesion
Authors: Bhaskar Dhananjay , Zhang William Y. , Volkening Alexandria , Sandstede Björn , Wong Ian Y.
Published: September 2023

Different cell types aggregate and sort into hierarchical architectures during the formation of animal tissues. The resulting spatial organization depends (in part) on the strength of adhesion of one cell type to itself relative to other cell types. However, automated and unsupervised classification of these multicellular spatial patterns remains challenging, particularly given their structural diversity and biological variability. Recent developments based on topological data analysis are intriguing to reveal similarities in tissue architecture, but these methods remain computationally expensive. In this article, we show that multicellular patterns organized from two interacting cell types can be efficiently represented through persistence images. Our optimized combination of dimensionality reduction via autoencoders, combined with hierarchical clustering, achieved high classification accuracy for simulations with constant cell numbers. We further demonstrate that persistence images can be normalized to improve classification for simulations with varying cell numbers due to proliferation. Finally, we systematically consider the importance of incorporating different topological features as well as information about each cell type to improve classification accuracy. We envision that topological machine learning based on persistence images will enable versatile and robust classification of complex tissue architectures that occur in development and disease.
Protein–lipid charge interactions control the folding of outer membrane proteins into asymmetric membranes
Authors: Machin Jonathan M. , Kalli Antreas C. , Ranson Neil A. , Radford Sheena E.
Published: September 2023

Biological membranes consist of two leaflets of phospholipid molecules that form a bilayer, each leaflet comprising a distinct lipid composition. This asymmetry is created and maintained in vivo by dedicated biochemical pathways, but difficulties in creating stable asymmetric membranes in vitro have restricted our understanding of how bilayer asymmetry modulates the folding, stability and function of membrane proteins. In this study, we used cyclodextrin-mediated lipid exchange to generate liposomes with asymmetric bilayers and characterize the stability and folding kinetics of two bacterial outer membrane proteins (OMPs), OmpA and BamA. We found that excess negative charge in the outer leaflet of a liposome impedes their insertion and folding, while excess negative charge in the inner leaflet accelerates their folding relative to symmetric liposomes with the same membrane composition. Using molecular dynamics, mutational analysis and bioinformatics, we identified a positively charged patch critical for folding and stability. These results rationalize the well-known ‘positive-outside’ rule of OMPs and suggest insights into the mechanisms that drive OMP folding and assembly in vitro and in vivo.
A global model of hourly space heating and cooling demand at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Staffell Iain , Pfenninger Stefan , Johnson Nathan
Published: September 2023

Accurate modelling of the weather’s temporal and spatial impacts on building energy demand is critical to decarbonizing energy systems. Here we introduce a customizable model for hourly heating and cooling demand applicable globally at all spatial scales. We validate against demand from ~5,000 buildings and 43 regions across four continents. The model requires limited data inputs and shows better agreement with measured demand than existing models. We use it first to demonstrate that a 1 °C reduction in thermostat settings across all buildings could reduce Europe’s gas consumption by 240 TWh yr−1, approximately one-sixth of historical imports from Russia. Second, we show that service demand for cooling is increasing by up to 5% per year in some regions due to climate change, and 5 billion people experience >100 additional cooling degree days per year when compared with a generation ago. The model and underlying data are freely accessible to promote further research.
CryoEM reveals that ribosomes in microsporidian spores are locked in a dimeric hibernating state
Authors: McLaren Mathew , Conners Rebecca , Isupov Michail N. , Gil-Díez Patricia , Gambelli Lavinia , Gold Vicki A. M. , Walter Andreas , Connell Sean R. , Williams Bryony , Daum Bertram
Published: September 2023

Translational control is an essential process for the cell to adapt to varying physiological or environmental conditions. To survive adverse conditions such as low nutrient levels, translation can be shut down almost entirely by inhibiting ribosomal function. Here we investigated eukaryotic hibernating ribosomes from the microsporidian parasite Spraguea lophii in situ by a combination of electron cryo-tomography and single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. We show that microsporidian spores contain hibernating ribosomes that are locked in a dimeric (100S) state, which is formed by a unique dimerization mechanism involving the beak region. The ribosomes within the dimer are fully assembled, suggesting that they are ready to be activated once the host cell is invaded. This study provides structural evidence for dimerization acting as a mechanism for ribosomal hibernation in microsporidia, and therefore demonstrates that eukaryotes utilize this mechanism in translational control.
Wireless electrical–molecular quantum signalling for cancer cell apoptosis
Authors: Jain Akhil , Gosling Jonathan , Liu Shaochuang , Wang Haowei , Stone Eloise M. , Chakraborty Sajib , Jayaraman Padma-Sheela , Smith Stuart , Amabilino David B. , Fromhold Mark , Long Yi-Tao , Pérez-García Lluïsa , Turyanska Lyudmila , Rahman Ruman , Rawson Frankie J.
Published: September 2023

Quantum biological tunnelling for electron transfer is involved in controlling essential functions for life such as cellular respiration and homoeostasis. Understanding and controlling the quantum effects in biology has the potential to modulate biological functions. Here we merge wireless nano-electrochemical tools with cancer cells for control over electron transfer to trigger cancer cell death. Gold bipolar nanoelectrodes functionalized with redox-active cytochrome c and a redox mediator zinc porphyrin are developed as electric-field-stimulating bio-actuators, termed bio-nanoantennae. We show that a remote electrical input regulates electron transport between these redox molecules, which results in quantum biological tunnelling for electron transfer to trigger apoptosis in patient-derived cancer cells in a selective manner. Transcriptomics data show that the electric-field-induced bio-nanoantenna targets the cancer cells in a unique manner, representing electrically induced control of molecular signalling. The work shows the potential of quantum-based medical diagnostics and treatments.
A scATAC-seq atlas of chromatin accessibility in axolotl brain regions
Authors: Feng Weimin , Liu Shuai , Deng Qiuting , Fu Sulei , Yang Yunzhi , Dai Xi , Wang Shuai , Wang Yijin , Liu Yang , Lin Xiumei , Pan Xiangyu , Hao Shijie , Yuan Yue , Gu Ying , Zhang Xiuqing , Li Hanbo , Liu Longqi , Liu Chuanyu , Fei Ji-Feng , Wei Xiaoyu
Published: September 2023

Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is an excellent model for investigating regeneration, the interaction between regenerative and developmental processes, comparative genomics, and evolution. The brain, which serves as the material basis of consciousness, learning, memory, and behavior, is the most complex and advanced organ in axolotl. The modulation of transcription factors is a crucial aspect in determining the function of diverse regions within the brain. There is, however, no comprehensive understanding of the gene regulatory network of axolotl brain regions. Here, we utilized single-cell ATAC sequencing to generate the chromatin accessibility landscapes of 81,199 cells from the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon, hypothalamus and pituitary, and the rhombencephalon. Based on these data, we identified key transcription factors specific to distinct cell types and compared cell type functions across brain regions. Our results provide a foundation for comprehensive analysis of gene regulatory programs, which are valuable for future studies of axolotl brain development, regeneration, and evolution, as well as on the mechanisms underlying cell-type diversity in vertebrate brains.
A dynamic multi-objective optimization method based on classification strategies
Authors: Wu Fei , Wang Wanliang , Chen Jiacheng , Wang Zheng
Published: September 2023

The dynamic multi-objective optimization problem is a common problem in real life, which is characterized by conflicting objectives, the Pareto frontier (PF) and Pareto solution set (PS) will follow the changing environment. There are various dynamic multi-objective algorithms have been suggested to solve such problems, but most of the methods suffer from the inability to balance the diversity of populations with convergence. Prediction based method is a common approach to solve dynamic multi-objective optimization problems, but such methods only search for probabilistic models of optimal values of decision variables and do not consider whether the decision variables are related to diversity and convergence. Consequently, we present a prediction method based on the classification of decision variables for dynamic multi-objective optimization (DVC), where the decision variables are first pre-classified in the static phase, and then new variables are adjusted and predicted to adapt to the environmental changes. Compared with other advanced prediction strategies, dynamic multi-objective prediction methods based on classification of decision variables are more capable of balancing population diversity and convergence. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm DVC can effectively handle DMOPs.
Effect of calcium carbonate nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles and advanced platelet-rich fibrin for enhancing bone healing in a rabbit model
Authors: Abd-Elkawi Mohamed , Sharshar Ahmed , Misk Tarek , Elgohary Islam , Gadallah Shaaban
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CCNPs) to induce new bone formation in a critical size segmental bone defect in rabbit’s radius when used alone, combined with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a paste, or as a composite containing CCNPs, AgNPs, and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF). Thirty-six adult apparently healthy male New Zealand White rabbits aging from 5 to 6 months and weighting 3.5 ± 0.5 kg were used. The animals were divided into four groups; control group, CCNPs group, CCNPs/AgNPs paste group, and CCNPs/AgNPs/A-PRF composite group. The animals were investigated at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation in which the healing was evaluated using computed tomographic (CT) and histopathological evaluation. The results revealed that CCNPs/AgNPs paste and CCNPs/AgNPs/A-PRF composite has a superior effect regarding the amount and the quality of the newly formed bone compared to the control and the CCNPs alone. In conclusion, addition of AgNPs and/or A-PRF to CCNPs has reduced its resorption rate and improved its osteogenic and osteoinductive properties.
Observed decreasing trend in the upper-tropospheric cloud top temperature
Authors: Liu Huan , Koren Ilan , Altaratz Orit
Published: September 2023

Obtaining the response of cloud top temperature (CTT) to global warming correctly is crucial for understanding the current and future energy budget of the climate system. For a given cloud fraction, colder CTT implies more longwave radiation being capped within the Earth-atmosphere system, consequently heating it. Current climate models predict an almost fixed CTT for upper-tropospheric clouds as the climate is expected to warm up during the 21st century, as explained by the fixed anvil temperature hypothesis. However, our analysis, based on the last 19 years of satellite observations (12.2002–11.2021), reveals a significant decreasing trend in upper-tropospheric CTT with almost no change in the corresponding cloud fraction. This cooling rate is several times larger than the observed surface warming rate. This finding suggests a missing heating component by upper-tropospheric clouds in current climate predictions.
Classification of bloodstains deposited at different times on floor tiles using hierarchical modelling and a handheld NIR spectrometer
Authors: Fonseca Aline C. S. , Pereira José F. Q. , Honorato Ricardo S. , Bro Rasmus , Pimentel Maria Fernanda
Published: September 2023

Hierarchical classification models were used to identify bloodstains deposited in different periods and floor tiles.
ESIPT-based probes for cations, anions and neutral species: recent progress, multidisciplinary applications and future perspectives
Authors: Nehra Nidhi , Kaushik Rahul
Published: September 2023

Fluorescent and colourimetric probes for small analytes (cations, anions and neutral molecules) with multi-disciplinary applications have been discussed in this review.
A rapid and sensitive colorimetric sensor for hypochlorite detection based on polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized gold nanoparticles
Authors: Ye Yingjie , Zhang Qian , Zhang Yongxing , Li Yue , Gao Fengxian , Ma Dong , Lu Shun
Published: September 2023

Schematic representation of the colorimetric detection of OCl− using AuNPs.
A ternary oxygen-vacancy abundant ZnMn2O4/MnCO3/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide hybrid towards superior-performance lithium storage
Authors: Wang Shuo , Kuang Yuzhen , Wang Hanlu , Guo Xi , Cao Bingqiang , Li Li
Published: September 2023

Oxygen-vacancy abundant ZnMn2O4/MnCO3/NG hybrids synthesized by a hydrothermal method exhibit outstanding cycling performance, excellent electrical conductivity and structural stability as anodes for LIBs.
Biogenic FeS nanoparticles modulate the extracellular electron transfer and schwertmannite transformation
Authors: Ke Changdong , Zhang Siyu , Guo Chuling , Deng Yanping , Li Yuancheng , Yao Qian , Jin Xiaohu , Dang Zhi
Published: September 2023

Iron sulfide nanoparticles (e.g., FeS NPs), which are ubiquitous in sulfate (SO42−)-rich anaerobic environments, can act as an electrical wire for long-distance extracellular electron transfer (EET) and bridge spatially discrete redox environments.
Association between all aspects of dietary diversity and risk of depressive symptoms in US adults
Authors: Li Zhaoying , Li Po-Wei , Zhang Dongfeng
Published: September 2023

Dietary diversity score, Healthy Food Diversity Index, and Healthy Eating Index were inversely associated with the risk of depressive symptoms.
Revealing the beneficial effects of a dairy infant formula on the gut microbiota of early childhood children with autistic spectrum disorder using static and SHIME® fermentation models
Authors: Gomes de Oliveira Louise Iara , Clementino Jéssika Rodrigues , Salgaço Mateus Kawata , de Oliveira Sônia Paula Alexandrino , dos Santos Lima Marcos , Mesa Victoria , de Souza Evandro Leite , Vinderola Celso Gabriel , Magnani Marciane , Sivieri Katia
Published: September 2023

This study evaluated the impact of the Milnutri Profutura® dairy infant formula on the gut microbiota of early childhood children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder using static fermentation and the SHIME® model.
Emergence of magnetic nanoparticles in photothermal and ferroptotic therapies
Authors: Van de Walle Aurore , Figuerola Albert , Espinosa Ana , Abou-Hassan Ali , Estrader Marta , Wilhelm Claire
Published: September 2023

Magnetic nanoparticles offer versatile opportunities for anti-cancer therapy, stemming from a single metal element, iron, naturally processed by the human body. Applications range from magnetic hyperthermia to the emerging fields of photothermal therapy and ferroptosis induction.
The rise of quasi-2D Dion–Jacobson perovskites for photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Jieyi , Zhai Zihao , Liu Qi , Zhou Huiqiong
Published: September 2023

This article reviews the remarkable advances of quasi-2D DJ perovskites for solar cells and provides perspectives toward their future development.
Diblock copolymer pattern protection by silver cluster reinforcement
Authors: Bulut Yusuf , Sochor Benedikt , Harder Constantin , Reck Kristian , Drewes Jonas , Xu Zhuijun , Jiang Xiongzhuo , Meinhardt Alexander , Jeromin Arno , Kohantorabi Mona , Noei Heshmat , Keller Thomas F. , Strunskus Thomas , Faupel Franz , Müller-Buschbaum Peter , Roth Stephan V.
Published: September 2023

The pristine micellar pattern of the diblock copolymer PS-b-P4VP degrades upon drying of a water droplet, which can be stabilized and inhibited upon deposition of silver clusters.
Selective and controlled H2 generation upon additive-free HCOOH dehydrogenation over a Pd/NCS nanocatalyst
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Yanlan , Jin Xiaotao , Liu Xiang
Published: September 2023

N-doped carbon nanosphere-stabilized Pd nanoparticles (Pd/NCSs) have been synthesized as high-efficiency nano-catalysts for selective and controlled H2 generation upon additive-free HCOOH dehydrogenation.
A multi-layer core–shell structure CoFe2O4@Fe3C@NiO composite with high broadband electromagnetic wave-absorption performance
Authors: Si Wei , Liao Qingwei , Chu Yu , Zhang Zhiwei , Chu Xiangcheng , Qin Lei
Published: September 2023

The nanocomposite metal–organic framework (MOF) derivative CoFe2O3@C with a double core–shell structure and the nanocomposite MOF derivative CoFe2O4@Fe3C@NiO with a three-layered core–shell structure have been prepared.
Visible-light-induced dehydrogenative β-trifluoromethylthiolation of tertiary amines and direct β-trifluoromethylthiolation of enamides
Authors: Song Yaqi , Jiang Zhongling , Zhu Yi , Sun Tian-Yu , Xia Xiao-Feng , Wang Dawei
Published: September 2023

The synthesis of β-trifluoromethylthiolation enamines and β-trifluoromethylthiolation enamides was realized involving an EDA photochemistry strategy.
Acyl-caged rhodamines: photo-controlled and self-calibrated generation of acetyl radicals for neural function recovery in early AD mice
Authors: Luo Xiao , Zhang Zhonghui , Wang Jie , Wang Xueli , Zhang Yani , Chen Jinquan , Ge Guangbo , Yang Wen , Qian Xuhong , Tian Yang , Yang Youjun
Published: September 2023

A general design strategy for photo-triggered release of acyl radicals was developed. With an acetyl radical donor, we showed the potential of acyl radicals to precisely modulate cell redox homeostasis, to promote NSC differentiation, and to improve the cognitive abilities of early AD mice.
Understanding the evolution of double perovskite band structure upon dimensional reduction
Authors: Connor Bridget A. , Su Alexander C. , Slavney Adam H. , Leppert Linn , Karunadasa Hemamala I.
Published: September 2023

We explain the orbital basis for the bandgap transition with dimensional reduction seen in certain double perovskites and predict which compositions are likely to show this effect.
Reversible C–H bond silylation with a neutral silicon Lewis acid
Authors: Thorwart Thaddäus , Greb Lutz
Published: September 2023

A perfluorinated bis(ortho-amidophenolato)silane combined with a bulky Lewis base enables the first neutral silicon Lewis acid mediated C–H bond silylation. It can be reversed upon adding a donor and modulates the follow-up chemistry with electrophiles.
Rh(iii)-catalyzed highly site- and regio-selective alkenyl C–H activation/annulation of 4-amino-2-quinolones with alkynes via reversible alkyne insertion
Authors: Hirako Naohiro , Yasui Takeshi , Yamamoto Yoshihiko
Published: September 2023

A practical approach for preparing 3,4-fused 2-quinolones has been disclosed. The Rh(iii)-catalyzed highly selective alkenyl C–H activation/annulation of 4-amino-2-quinolones was achieved via an unprecedented reversible alkyne insertion.
Correction: Liquid electrolyte chemistries for solid electrolyte interphase construction on silicon and lithium-metal anodes
Authors: Park Sewon , Kim Saehun , Lee Jeong-A , Ue Makoto , Choi Nam-Soon
Published: September 2023

Correction for ‘Liquid electrolyte chemistries for solid electrolyte interphase construction on silicon and lithium-metal anodes’ by Sewon Park et al., Chem. Sci., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3sc03514j.
A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Speech-Language Pathologists' Executive Function Services
Authors: Senter Reed , Chow Jason C.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') implementation of services to address students' executive function (EF) needs, with particular emphasis on the prevalence and characteristics of EF interventions and the factors and barriers that influence service provision for students with EF needs.

Method:

We applied an explanatory sequential mixed-methods research design, beginning with a quantitative survey followed by a series of qualitative interviews. We analyzed the survey results using descriptive data and binary logistic regressions and used the emergent trends to inform our interview protocol, so that we could explore those trends in greater detail and context. We synthesized our quantitative and qualitative data to evaluate the characteristics of EF interventions and the factors influencing services.

Results:

Most SLPs reported that they addressed their students' EF needs through some sort of direct or indirect intervention. Direct interventions varied by targeted domain, service delivery setting, and teaching techniques, though most SLPs favored strategy instruction and highly contextualized services. Indirect services included accommodations and consultation. SLPs commonly reported the lack of collaborative support, time, and knowledge as barriers, and most reported that professional development would be helpful to improve their services.

Conclusions:

Speech-language pathology graduate programs and providers of professional development should be mindful of their role in preparing SLPs to address EF needs, while SLPs may use these results to inform their own practice. Further guidance and research are necessary to elucidate the SLPs' role in mitigating the negative impact of EF challenges on students' education.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24101241
High step‐up multi input–multi output DC–DC converter with high controllability for battery charger/EV applications
Authors: Maalandish Mohammad , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Sabahi Mehran , Rostami Naghi , Khooban Mohammad‐Hassan
Published: September 2023

In this study, a new multi input–multi output (MIMO) high step‐up DC–DC converter is proposed for battery charger applications. Continuous input current and capability of using several renewable energy sources with different voltage‐current characteristics are the main advantages of it. High voltage gain and low power losses on semiconductors are the other advantages of the proposed topology. In addition, the duty cycle of each input source is independent of other sources. The proposed converter has soft‐switching on some power diodes which leads to increasing the overall efficiency of the proposed topology. A laboratory prototype of the proposed topology in 12V–12 V/430 W is built and tested. The experimental results are verifying the proper performance of the proposed topology and confirm the theoretical analysis.
Towards quantum‐secure software defined networks
Authors: Nosouhi Mohammad Reza , Sood Keshav , Chamola Vinay , Jeong Jongkil Jay , Gaddam Anuroop
Published: September 2023

The evolution of quantum computers is considered a serious threat to public‐key cryptosystems (e.g. RSA, ECDSA, ECDH, etc.). This is indeed a big concern for security of the Internet and other data communication and storage systems. The reason is that public‐key schemes are the basis in the generation of shared symmetric keys that are used to perform data encryption/decryption in communication and data transfer protocols. One possible approach to address this issue is to use Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) (instead of public‐key schemes) for the ultra‐secure generation of symmetric keys. QKD is a physical layer technology that allows two parties (equipped with optical communication interfaces) to generate secure random keys over a quantum channel that is immune to eavesdropping threats. The keys are then used by symmetric encryption schemes (e.g. AES) to encrypt data over classical channels. This allows us to have data encryption/decryption without needing a public‐key scheme. However, due to its inherent characteristics, the implementation of QKD has mostly been considered in particular contexts only (e.g. backhaul networks, point‐to‐point connections, optical networks, etc.). This indeed limits the utility of QKD technology to only some particular applications while it has the potential to be used in a wide range of used cases. Motivated by this (increasing the usability of QKD technology), in this study, the authors propose a model that enables SDN‐based networks to utilise QKD technology and provide QKD security service (i.e., random key generation service) to network applications and security protocols in a practical and efficient way. In the proposed approach, secret keys are generated based on the distribution of quantum entanglement between QKD nodes deployed in the network. The significant characteristic of our proposed model is that it does not rely on quantum repeaters to operate. This also improves the efficiency of the employed QKD mechanisms in terms of the key generation rate.
A variable structure multi‐model maneuvering target tracking algorithm based on Monte Carlo learning
Authors: Shen‐tu Han , Zhang Haoye , Zhu Yiming , Wu Xinliang , Teng Long
Published: September 2023

A well‐liked maneuvering target tracking algorithm is a variable structure multi‐model (VSMM). One of the crucial elements determining the tracking effect is the successful model set adaptation (MSA). The ability to further enhance tracking accuracy for the conventional VSMM method is constrained by the absence of a mechanism to thoroughly utilise observation and tracking data to optimise MSA. We incorporate the Reinforcement learning (RL) approach into the MSA procedure to address this issue and provide a VSMM algorithm based on Monte Carlo (MC) learning. To formulate the challenge of optimising the number of effective models as a RL problem, we first used the prediction error, the number of effective model sets, and tracking accuracy to build the models of the appropriate state space, decision space, and reward. The number of efficient models was optimised using MC learning, and the entire VSMM algorithm was then created. The proposed approach was compared to the simulated experiment's five maneuvering target tracking algorithms. The outcomes demonstrate that the suggested algorithm has a lower computation scale and accurate tracking accuracy.
Electric shock feature extraction method based on adaptive variational mode decomposition and singular value decomposition
Authors: Zhu Hongzhang , Wu Chuanping , Zhou Yang , Xie Yao , Zhou Tiannian
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a feature extraction method combining adaptive variational mode decomposition (AVMD) and singular value decomposition (SVD) for electric shock fault‐type identification. The AVMD algorithm is utilized to adaptively decompose the electric shock signal into intrinsic mode components, each containing distinct frequency information. Subsequently, the correlation coefficient is employed to extract the intrinsic mode component with amplitudes greater than or equal to 0.1 ( ≥ 0.1). Feature extraction is then performed using SVD on the ≥ 0.1 intrinsic mode component, based on its maximum singular value and singular entropy. This approach effectively overcomes the limitation of the traditional VMD that necessitates manual K value setting. Moreover, it achieves dimensionality reduction and feature extraction of the intrinsic mode components through SVD, resulting in enhanced computational efficiency and fault identification accuracy. Extensive simulations demonstrate the remarkable recognition rates of electric shock fault types in animals and plants using the proposed AVMD‐SVD method, achieving a recognition rate as high as 99.25%. Comparative performance analysis further verifies the superiority of AVMD‐SVD over similar empirical mode decomposition‐SVD feature extraction techniques.
Structure of the equivalent Newtonian systems in MONDN-body simulations
Authors: Re Federico , Di Cintio Pierfrancesco
Published: September 2023

Aims.We investigate the core-cusp problem of the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) scenario in the context of the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) paradigm while exploiting the concept of an equivalent Newtonian system (ENS).

Methods.By means of particle-meshN-body simulations in MOND, we explored the processes of galaxy formation via cold dissipationless collapse and the merging of smaller substructures. From the end states of our simulations, we recovered the associated ENS and studied the properties of their dark matter halos. We compared the simulation results with simple analytical estimates with a family ofγ-models.

Results.We find that the dark matter density of ENSs of most spherical cold collapses have a markedly cored structure, particularly for the lowest values of the initial virial ratios. End states of some simulations with initially clumpy conditions have more complex profiles, and some of their ENSs exhibit a moderate cusp, with the logarithmic density slope always shallower than one.

Conclusions.In contrast to what one would expect from theoretical and numerical arguments in ΛCDM, these results seem to point towards the fact that the absence of a central DM cusp in most observed galaxies would be totally consistent in a MONDian description.
The Effect of Dry Extraction Process Technology on Characteristics of Porang Flour
Authors: Herawati Heny , Zahratunnisa Shafa , Kamsiati Elmi , Anggraini Dian , Kurniasari Indah , Kusnandar Feri , Suparlan  , Agustinisari Iceu , Sunarmani  , Bachtiar Muchamad , Zubaidi Thohir , Misgiyarta  , Suhirman Shinta
Published: September 2023

Glucomannan is one of the functional components found in porang tuber. The modification of process technology is generally carried out in order to obtain optimal product characteristics according to glucomannan content from porang flour. One method that can be done to increase the glucomannan content of porang tuber is by carrying out a dry extraction process from the resulting porang chip flour. This research activity aims to modify the dry extract of porang chips and characterize the resulting product. For the dry extraction method, the extraction method was optimized from porang chips that had been dried and mashed. Several treatments were carried out, including the comparison of chip types from the ICAPRD Laboratory and Madiun farmers, flour mesh size (100 and 60 mesh), and the ratio of porang chip flour and solvent (1:2; 1:3 and 1:4). The results obtained were analyzed for yield, moisture content, glucomannan content, color, viscosity and proximate for the best product. Based on the analysis results obtained, the highest glucomannan content for flour from chips produced by the ICAPRD Laboratory with a size of 60 mesh and a solvent ratio of 1:3.
Chemical Composition and Physical Characteristics of Orange Peel Essential Oil
Authors: Ikarini Imro’ah , Suwarda Rosniyati , Hanif Zainuri , Triasih Unun , Ashari Hasim
Published: September 2023

The citrus-based food and beverage industry is limited to using fruit flesh as the main raw material. Orange peels that cannot be utilized are disposed of as waste. The potential of citrus peel is very high to be processed into essential oil. Essential oils are widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural industries. Various citrus varieties in Indonesia have different characteristics, including the content of essential oils in peel waste. The process of making essential oils can be done by distillation. This research was conducted to find out the chemical and physical of various essential oils from citrus varieties (RGL Mandarin, Gamindo B, and Montaji Agrihorti lemon). The test results show that the yield of each essential oil of RGL Mandarin, Gamindo B, and Montaji Agrihorti lemon is 3,866%; 1,174%; and 3,615%. The volatile compound content tested using GC-MS in Gamindo B citrus essential oil contained 3 compounds, RGL Mandarin found 4 compounds, and Montaji Agrihorti lemons found 4 compounds. A sensory preference test on color and odor attributes was conducted on 30 panelists. Montaji Agrihorti Lemon essential oil is the most preferred by color and Gamindo B essential oil is the most preferred by odor.
The Effect of Different Storage Temperatures and Internal Analysis of Onions with X-Ray CT on The Respiration Rate of Onions
Authors: Rahmah An Nidaa’ Fatkhur , Priyanti Devi , Ayuningsih Ira , Nugraha Bayu
Published: September 2023

Onion is an agricultural product that will continue to respirate after harvesting. Internal factors affecting the respiration rate are shelf life, onion type, and water levels external factors derived from the affected environment are temperature and RH. This study aimed to determine the difference in the rate of onion respiration with different storage temperatures. The samples used are local onion batu ijo. The onions for each sample are weighed 300 grams, then put in a sealed respiratory jar and stored at 27 ± 2oC and 7 ± 2oC temperature. The change in O2 and CO2 levels is measured using an analytical gas at a time interval of 1 hour in the first 12 hours, then every 8 hours in the following 60 hours, every 12 to 144 hours, and every 24 to 432 hours. The O2 consumption and CO2 production respiration rate equations perform the analysis. The results showed that temperature affected the onion respiration rate. Then, a non-destructive analysis of the internal damage of onions during storage in modified air conditions using X-Ray CT is also carried out. This analysis was performed to determine whether non-destructive analysis using X-Ray CT could be applied to see the damage to onions internally.
Improving Administrative Efficiency Using Image Processing Technology Through Fingerprint Attendance System
Authors: Riyadi Slamet , Andriyani Annisa Divayu , Masyhur Ahmad Musthafa , Damarjati Cahya , Mutiarin Dyah , Jusman Yessi , ‘Uyun Shofwatul
Published: September 2023

SD Muhammadiyah Sangonan 1 has implemented fingerprint attendance, where teachers and staff record their attendance when they arrive and leave. Attendance records are still manually recorded by administrative personnel, and attendance reporting is limited to attendance recapitulation. In short, the efficiency of managing teacher and staff attendance administration is still low. Therefore, this research aims to improve the efficiency of teacher and staff administration through the implementation of image processing technology for fingerprint attendance. The planned stages of the research are planning, fingerprint attendance system development, administration system training, and program evaluation. In its implementation, this program has proven to be effective in improving the effectiveness of SD Muhammadiyah Sangonan 1 Godean’s school administration in terms of easier and faster attendance data processing. The outputs achieved include mass media news and videos.
Mapping Disaster Risk in Supporting the Development of Leading Tourism Areas in the Northern Region of Kulon Progo
Authors: Ikhsan Jazaul , Risvansuna Fivintari Francy , Ardiansyah Ridwan , Eko Bawono Septiono
Published: September 2023

Currently, the service industry, including the tourism, contributes 64% of global GDP. Tourism has proven in supporting the Indonesian economy. Tourism development, is still based on the achievements of the economic sector and there is still very little that considers the safety aspects, especially from the dangers of disasters that may occur at any time. Kulon Progo Regency has a potential tourism sector to be developed and marketed. But on the other hand, Kulon Progo Regency is one of the districts that has the potential for disasters. Regarding tourism objects in Kulon Progo, the management has so far been carried out by the Tourism, Youth and Sports Office of Kulon Progo Regency. As for disasters, their management is coordinated by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Kulon Progo Regency. However, the problem that has occurred so far is that the management and handling of these two matters are carried out. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to carry out tourism development in Kulon Progo Regency by considering disaster aspects. This research will develop the concept of tourism management in Kulon Progo Regency by considering disaster aspects.
Nano-particle Characteristic Emitted from Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Equipped with Non-Thermal Plasma Device
Authors: Neamyou Pichitpon , Theinnoi Kampanart , Sawatmongkhon Boonlue , Sittichompoo Sak
Published: September 2023

The impact of non-thermal plasma (NTP) on particulate matter (PM) removal, nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction, and hydrocarbon species in exhaust gases from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines using gasoline E20 fuel and a mean effective pressure (IMEP) of 6 bar. The experiments were conducted with an exhaust gas flow rate of 20 L/min, applying high voltage in the range of 0 to 10 kV (2 kV per step) at a frequency of 500 Hz. The results show that NTP reduces PM concentrations, particularly in the nucleation mode (10 nm particles). Maximum PM removal of approximately 83% However, with experimental results, compared to 0 kV, the production of particulate matter Aitken mode increased up to 19 times for a voltage increase of 10 kV, and NOx removal has been at a maximum of about 9.5%, with an energy density of 5 J/L at 10 kV. The effects of NTP on hydrocarbon species such as ethylene, propylene, acetylene, 1.3 butadiene, methane, and ethane have been slightly affected by increased high voltages.
Performance Analysis of Integral Process of Bio-Oil Production, Bio-Oil Upgrading, and Hydrogen Production from Sewage Sludge
Authors: Simasatitkul Lida , Lakkhanasombut Apiwat , Morin Worawit , Jedsadajerm Supachai , Amornraksa Suksun , Im-orb Karittha
Published: September 2023

This research investigated the production of bio-oil through the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process using sewage sludge from wastewater, along with the hydrotreating of the bio-oil. The simulation process began with a wastewater flow rate of 460 tonnes/day, where the feedstock was divided into two streams. The first stream underwent the HTL process, while the other was directed towards hydrogen production. The resulting products included gaseous products, crude bio-oil, and heavy liquid. The crude bio-oil was further upgraded by introducing hydrogen, which was obtained through gasification and purified by gas separation using a palladium membrane. The primary product mainly comprised alkane, with a carbon content of 85.89% and hydrogen content of 14.11%. For the purification of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and fuel oil, a fractionation distillation tower arrangement was designed. In addition, Additionally, the gaseous products underwent fractionation distillation to obtain 98% nitrogen and 99.9% liquid carbon dioxide. Considering the carbon footprint, it was observed that the bio-oil production process resulted in the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
The Relationship Between Environmental Technology Patenting and Environmental Performance Index in Countries: What Does It Mean and How Can We Measure It
Authors: Maximova Tatyana , Verzilin Dmitry , Zhang Min
Published: September 2023

National governments need to make informed decisions to ensure sustainable development and the use of new technologies. Thus, two major problems emerge: how to evaluate governments’ success in encouraging companies to invest in environmental technologies, and how to measure the efficiency of technology diffusion in terms of environmental well-being. The knowledge about the relationship between environmental performance and environmental technologies at the country level enables decision-makers in the field of sustainable development to more rationally plan the costs of developing new technologies, as well as track the return on their implementation. As a result, society and industry will receive signals about the effectiveness of the implemented sustainable development policy. The main goal of the research was to overcome the gap in the field of environmental wellbeing: how to measure at the macro level the dependence of countries’ success in environmental performance on how developed they are in environmental technologies. The specific objective of the study was to quantify the relationship between the integral indicator of environmental well-being Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and innovative activity in the field of environmental technology at the cross-country level. To evaluate the development of environmental technologies, the platform solution Orbit Intelligence was used, specifically, the FamPat worldwide patent database. It was confirmed that the more developed the economy, the higher EPI and the level of development of environmental technology. At the same time, no relationship was found between the 10-year change in EPI and the 10-year change in the patent activity index. The hypothesis about the statistical significance of the relationship between the integral indicators of patent activity in the field of environmental technology and the current value of EPI was confirmed. A regression dependence was determined, which was well approximated by the linear regression of EPI on the logarithm of the country’s patent activity index in the field of environmental technology. The dependence can be interpreted as a slowdown in the growth of EPI when a certain level of patenting is reached. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that a framework has been proposed and implemented for assessing the relationship between environmental well-being and environmental technology. This framework can be used to study individual environmental problems in countries in more detail and to identify the level of available technologies for solving these problems.
Antidiabetic Activity and Molecular Docking Analysis of Milky Mushroom (Calocybe indica) Grown on the Renewable Substrate
Authors: Sahithi Somavarapu Thomas Anne , Lakshmi Murugan Kavitha Vijaya , Sekar Jayapriya , Velmurugan Mahalakshmi , Sriariyanun Malinee , Shanmugam Vinodhini
Published: September 2023

As part of the circular economy idea, rice straw without additives has been investigated as a way to turn agricultural waste into products with added value. The nutrients in the substrate, Calocybe indica yield, and biological effects were all calculated. In this investigation, the methanol extract was used. GCMS was examined to discover the necessary compounds present in fungi. A surplus of mushrooms was harvested, and it was discovered that the growth of mushrooms on the rice substrate took place in less than five days. At a humidity of 93%, biological efficiency was determined to be in the range of 54.5-130.9%. In vitro and molecular docking results for the antidiabetic showed good inhibitory properties. As a result, rice straw could be a productive and affordable growing medium for milky mushrooms.