bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spared nerve injury decreases motivation in long-access homecage-based operant tasks in mice
Authors: Norris Makenzie R. , Becker Léa J. , Bilbily John , Chang Yu-Hsuan , Borges Gustavo , Dunn Samantha S. , Madasu Manish K. , Vazquez Chayla R. , Cariello Solana A. , Al-Hasani Ream , Creed Meaghan C. , McCall Jordan G.
Published: November 2023

Neuropathic pain causes both sensory and emotional maladaptation. Preclinical animal studies of neuropathic pain-induced negative affect could result in novel insights into the mechanisms of chronic pain. Modeling pain–induced negative affect, however, is variable across research groups and conditions. The same injury may or may not produce robust negative affective behavioral responses across different species, strains, and laboratories. Here, we sought to identify negative affective consequences of the spared nerve injury model on C57BL/6J male and female mice. We found no significant effect of spared nerve injury across a variety of approach-avoidance conflict, hedonic choice, and coping strategy assays. We hypothesized these inconsistencies may stem in part from the short test duration of these assays. To test this hypothesis, we used the homecage-based Feeding Experimentation Device version 3 to conduct 12-hour, overnight progressive ratio testing to determine whether mice with chronic spared nerve injury had decreased motivation to earn palatable food rewards. Our data demonstrate that despite equivalent task learning, spared nerve injury mice are less motivated to work for a sugar pellet than sham controls. Furthermore, when we normalized behavioral responses across all the behavioral assays we tested, we found that a combined normalized behavioral score is predictive of injury state and significantly correlates with mechanical thresholds. Together, these results suggest that homecage-based operant behaviors provide a useful platform for modeling nerve injury-induced negative affect and that valuable pain-related information can arise from agglomerative data analyses across behavioral assays—even when individual inferential statistics do not demonstrate significant mean differences.
Effect of Drinking Pattern on the Quality of Sleep Among Korean Male Adults Below 65 Years
Authors: Jeong Yeo Won , Oh Juyeon
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to analyze the differences in sleep quality according to drinking patterns and identify factors associated with poor sleepers among Korean male adults younger than 65 years. Data from 68,711 male participants from the Korean Community Health Survey collected in Korea in 2018 were analyzed. After dividing them into binge drinking and nonbinge drinking groups, each group was further categorized into three subgroups according to the frequency of drinking: less than occasionally, frequent, and very frequent. The quality of sleep and depression were assessed through face-to-face interviews using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Total sleep quality was the lowest in the group that participated in “very frequent” binge drinking; the groups that participated in “frequent” binge drinking and “very frequent” nonbinge drinking had similar levels of sleep quality. Poisson regression with robust variance analysis revealed an almost 50% higher prevalence of poor sleep in the “very frequent” binge drinking group (prevalence ratio = 1.49, p < .001) compared with the reference group (nonbinge drinking, less than occasionally) after controlling for confounding variables. Significantly higher prevalence ratios of poor sleep were found in the “frequent” and “very frequent” drinking groups compared with the reference group. Health policies could emphasize the importance of reducing one's frequency and amount of drinking. In addition, it is also necessary for healthcare professionals to assess drinking patterns when caring for people experiencing poor quality sleep and support them in correcting such drinking behaviors.
Substance Abuse Stigma
Authors: Fetterhoff Kelly
Published: November 2023

Substance abuse stigma is a social phenomenon that negatively impacts individuals who use illicit substances or alcohol. This stigma includes the derogatory terms used to describe people who use substances; perceptions that individuals with alcohol and substance use disorder are dangerous, immoral, and of weak character; and the public blaming of the addicted people for their addiction. Substance abuse took the life of over 100,000 Americans between 2020 and 2021, and one identified barrier to treatment is the stigma associated with substance abuse. When someone is ashamed, they are less likely to seek treatment, and when someone is seeking help and is greeted with negative preconceptions, they are again deterred from treatment. The stigma exists in multiple layers of society including the general public, policy makers, the police, doctors, and nurses and within the person using the substance. The purpose of this article is to define substance abuse stigma in multiple contexts and explore its effects on treatment.
What Can Customers See? Exposed Information on E-Cigarette Online Retail Website
Authors: Zhou Yanjun , Kwon Misol , Park Eunhee , Chang Yu-Ping
Published: November 2023

Background

The internet is the main channel for electronic nicotine delivery systems sales that the media uses to publicize electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Once e-cigarettes entered the market, they quickly became widely available online and in retail stores in many countries and regions around the world. This systematic review aims to explore the online marketing strategies for e-cigarette retail websites including the design of e-cigarette retail websites and how the information of retail websites was exposed to the public.

Method

Studies were searched in five databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, Web of Science, Communication & Mass Media Complete, and PubMed. Included studies were published between 2007 and 2019.

Results

Eight studies were included in this review. Topics covered included smoking cessation claims, nicotine content claims, health or harmful substance exposure claims, age restriction/verification, membership and discounts, and media and celebrity effect. Most of the claims included information about the benefits of e-cigarettes, such as helping to quit smoking, being more environmentally friendly than traditional paper cigarettes, and not containing nicotine. Common marketing techniques included celebrity endorsements, showing discounts or membership offers, or getting a link to buy from the media.

Conclusions

The marketing of e-cigarettes is complex, and the authenticity of the information presented on the websites needs to be thoroughly understood. Such information will undoubtedly increase the interest and desire of potential buyers for e-cigarettes. Therefore, it is critical to establish necessary regulations regarding e-cigarette product information.
Perceived Stressors and Support in Family Caregivers of Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Tyo Mirinda B. , McCurry Mary K. , Horowitz June Andrews , Elliott Kathleen
Published: November 2023

Stress experienced by family caregivers of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) contributes to caregiver burden. To understand the stressors experienced by family caregivers of individuals with OUD and the factors that influence their personal resiliency, data were collected from a convenience sample of family caregivers who answered two open-ended questions about sources of stress and factors that affect their personal resilience as part of an online survey. Yin's thematic analysis revealed five objective and two subjective burden themes and four resilience themes. Results indicate OUD places significant burden on families and may contribute to decreased physical and mental well-being in caregivers. Caregivers who perceived adequate support were able to use their experience and innate knowledge to cope and emerge with more resilience. Results of this study support the need for translational research to increase resilience and coping in this population of caregivers.
The Effect of Using a Normothermia Checklist on Awakening Time From Anesthesia and Coagulation Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: YILMAZ EKER Pinar , YILMAZ Meryem
Published: November 2023

Background

Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH) is a common issue in surgical patients. To avoid this issue, the patient should be monitored continuously throughout the perioperative process. Evidence-based practices in line with relevant guidelines are necessary to maintain normothermia.

Purpose

This study was developed to determine the effect of using a control list developed for preventing IPH on time of awakening from anesthesia and coagulation disorder in surgical patients.

Methods

In this randomized controlled study, nursing interventions were applied to patients in accordance with the normothermia checklist (NC) developed by the researchers to prevent IPH.

Results

In this study, 30 patients were respectively assigned to the experimental and control groups. Conducting nursing interventions in accordance with the control checklist was found to be effective in preventing IPH. Moreover, time of awakening from anesthesia was significantly shorter in the experimental group (3.77 ± 1.10 minutes) than the control group (11.03 ± 2.51 minutes; p < .05). Furthermore, tendency to bleed was higher in the control group than the experimental group, and a statistically significant between-group difference in coagulation disorders was found (p < .05).

Conclusions/Implications for Practice

The results of this evidence-based study indicate that implementing nursing interventions in line with the developed NC is effective in preventing IPH. Preventing IPH, which increases the risk of numerous complications in surgical patients, is an important responsibility of nurses. Nurses may employ the NC proposed in this study to better secure the safety and minimize the risk of complications in surgical patients.
Examining the Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic-Induced Stress and Anxiety on Humoral Immunity in Health Care Workers
Authors: Stark Valerie S. , Williams Erin C. , Echeverri Tribin Felipe , Coto Jennifer , Carrico Adam , Carreño Juan Manuel , Bielak Dominika , Desai Parnavi , Krammer Florian , Hoffer Michael E. , Pallikkuth Suresh , Pahwa Savita
Published: November 2023

Objective

The effect of stress on vaccine-induced humoral immunity and therapeutic interventions to mitigate pandemic-related stress remain underexplored.

Method

Participants in a longitudinal cohort study (n = 189) completed a validated measure, GAD-7, and 10-instrument stress measure to assess stress and anxiety after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. Serum was collected to obtain SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer levels.

Results

Participants experienced increased stress due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with a positive correlation between GAD-7 scores and peak antibody titers overall; however, there was a negative association with scores commensurate with severe anxiety. Health care workers and younger participants were more significantly affected by anxiety.

Conclusions

Mild anxiety levels may have immune-enhancing effects, whereas severe anxiety may cause antibody generation reduction. Mental health–focused interventions are imperative for younger adults and health care workers. Young adults may be more resilient to increased stress levels.
The Impact of Personal Protective Equipment on Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Health Care Work
Authors: Judd Belinda K. , Whelehan Dale F. , Baysari Melissa T. , Baillie Andrew J.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is critical to the safety of health professionals and vital to clinical practice. However, there is little known about the cognitive and emotional impact of PPE on health professionals’ performance, comfort, and well-being.

Methods

A mixed-method, cross-sectional, observational study was adopted. An online survey consisting of 5-point Likert scale questions and free-text comments canvassed the opinions of patient-facing health professionals.

Results

An overall negative impact of PPE on health professionals’ ability to carry out work was found from 185 responses from medicine, nursing, and allied health disciplines, including increased fatigue, poor communication, and feeling uncomfortable.

Conclusions

There are significant negative impacts of PPE on health professionals’ ability to carry out work, impairing communication, task efficiency, and comfort. Personal protective equipment is an essential infection control practice requiring further research, design, and testing to overcome challenges.
Safety and effectiveness of totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy vs laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Qishuan , Wang Yan , Peng Qifan , Bai Mingshuai , Shang Zhou , Li Leping , Tian Feng , Jing Changqing
Published: November 2023

Background:

For gastric cancer with total gastrectomy, the usual laparoscopic surgical approaches are totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG) and laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG). Due to its difficult anastomotic technique, the adoption of TLTG is limited. Therefore, surgeons prefer using LATG, which also led to TLTG being somewhat overlooked, so there is no clear conclusion today as to which surgical procedure is more favorable to the patient’s recovery. This article aimed to compare the safety and short-term outcomes of the two surgical approaches.

Materials and methods:

Studies comparing TLTG and LATG, published up to December 2022, were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The study outcomes, including operative time, blood loss, anastomosis time, number of retrieved lymph nodes, proximal and distal resection margins, time to first fluid and soft diet, hospitalization duration, time to first flatus, and postsurgical and anastomotic complications, were compared between these two different surgical procedures. Statistics were analyzed with RevMan 5.4 and Stata 13.1.

Results:

Fifteen publications were included in this study. The total sample included 3023 cases. The meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in overall postoperative complications between the two surgical approaches (P>0.05). Compared with LATG, TLTG led to reduced intraoperative blood loss (P<0.0001), an increased number of lymphatic node dissections (P<0.0001), and decreased hospitalization duration (P=0.002). However, operative time, anastomosis time, pulmonary infection, resection margins, time to first fluid and soft diet, time to first flatus and anastomosis-related complications were no significant difference between TLTG and LATG groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion:

TLTG did not lead to an increase in overall postoperative complications, which is a reliable surgical approach for treatment of gastric cancer. Moreover, it may reduce harm to patients and enable them to obtain better surgical outcomes.
Is antibiotic prophylaxis generally safe and effective in surgical and non-surgical scenarios? Evidence from an umbrella review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Linhu , Jian Zhongyu , Wang Menghua , Yuan Chi , Li Ya , Ma Yucheng , Jin Xi , Li Hong , He Yazhou , Liu Changhai , Li Sheyu , Wang Kunjie
Published: November 2023

Background:

We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic prophylaxis through surgical and non-surgical scenarios and assess the strength of evidence.

Materials and Methods:

We performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). An evidence map was created to summarize the absolute benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis in each scenario and certainty of evidence.

Results:

75 meta-analyses proved eligible with 725 RCTs and 78 clinical scenarios in surgical and medical prophylaxis. Of 119 health outcomes, 67 (56.3%) showed statistically significant benefits, 34 of which were supported by convincing or highly suggestive evidence from RCTs. For surgeries, antibiotic prophylaxis may minimize infection occurrences in most surgeries except Mohs surgery, simple hand surgery, herniorrhaphy surgery, hepatectomy, thyroid surgery, rhinoplasty, stented distal hypospadias repair, midurethral sling placement, endoscopic sinus surgery, and transurethral resection of bladder tumors with only low to very low certainty evidence. For non-surgery invasive procedures, only low to very low certainty evidence showed benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis for cystoscopy, postoperative urinary catheterization, and urodynamic study. For medical prophylaxis, antibiotic prophylaxis showed greater benefits in non-emergency scenarios, in which patients were mainly with weakened immune systems, or at risk of recurrent chronic infections. Antibiotics prophylaxis may increase antibiotic resistance or other adverse events in most scenarios and reached significance in cystoscopy, afebrile neutropenia following chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Conclusions:

Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical and non-surgical scenarios is generally effective and seems independent of surgical cleanliness and urgency of diseases. Its safety is not well determined due to lack of available data. Nevertheless, the low quality of current evidence limits the external validity of these findings, necessitating clinicians to judiciously assess indications, balancing low infection rates with antibiotic-related side effects.
Identification of patients with favorable prognosis after resection in intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lee Han Ah , Yoo Jeong-Ju , Chun Ho Soo , Park Yewan , Kim Hwi Young , Kim Tae Hun , Seo Yeon Seok , Lee Minjong , Sinn Dong Hyun
Published: November 2023

Backgrounds:

It is unclear which patients benefit from resection in intermediate stage-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to identify high-risk patients for early recurrence among patients with resectable intermediate-stage HCC.

Methods:

This multicenter retrospective study included patients who underwent resection or trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for intermediate-stage HCC (2008–2019). Multivariable Cox proportional analysis was performed to identify high-risk patients when treated with resection. A prediction score for 2-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was developed using the training cohort and validated. The 2-year RFS in each risk group was compared with that in TACE group, after propensity score matching (PSM).

Results:

A total of 1,686 patients were included (480 and 1,206 patients in the resection and TACE groups). During a median follow-up of 31.4 months, the 2-year RFS was significantly higher in the resection (47.7%) than in the TACE group (19.8%) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=1.471, 95% CI=1.199–1.803, P<0.001). On multivariate analysis, alpha-fetoprotein ≥5.0 ng/mL (aHR=0.202), ALBI grade ≥2 (aHR=0.709), tumor number ≥3 (aHR=0.404), and maximal tumor size ≥5 cm (aHR=0.323) were significantly associated with the lower risks of 2-year RFS in the resection group. The newly developed Surgery Risk score in BCLC-B (SR-B score) with four significant risk factors showed an area under the curve of 0.801 for the 2-year RFS and was validated. Based on SR-B score, low-risk patients had a significantly higher 2-year RFS (training: aHR=5.834; validation: aHR=5.675) than high-risk patients (all P<0.001) did. In a PSM cohort, low-risk resection group had a significantly higher (aHR=3.891); high-risk resection group had a comparable 2-year RFS to those treated with TACE (aHR=0.816).

Conclusions:

Resection may be beneficial for resectable intermediate-stage HCC based on the SR-B score.
Revolutionizing sphincter preservation in ultra-low rectal cancer: exploring the potential of transanal endoscopic intersphincteric resection (taE-ISR) - A propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Xu Ximo , Zhong Hao , You Jun , Ren Mingyang , Fingerhut Abe , Zheng Minhua , Li Jianwen , Yang Xiao , Song Haiqin , Zhang Sen , Ding Chengsheng , Abuduaini Naijipu , Yu Mengqin , Liu Jingyi , Zhang Yi , Kang Liang , Cai Zhenghao , Feng Bo
Published: November 2023

Background:

With the optimization of neoadjuvant treatment regimens, the indications for intersphincteric resection (ISR) have expanded. However, limitations such as unclear surgical field, impaired anal function, and failure of anal preservation still exist. Transanal total mesorectal excision can complement the drawbacks of ISR. Therefore, this study combined these two techniques and proposed transanal endoscopic intersphincteric resection (taE-ISR), aiming to explore the value of this novel technique in anal preservation for low rectal cancer.

Material and methods:

Four high-volume centers were involved. After 1:1 propensity score matching, patients with low rectal cancer underwent taE-ISR (n=90) or ISR (n=90) were included. Baseline characteristics, perioperative outcomes, pathological results, and follow-up were compared between the two groups. A nomogram model was established to assess the potential risks of anal preservation.

Results:

The incidence of adjacent organ injury (0.0% vs. 5.6%, P=0.059), positive distal resection margin (1.1% vs. 8.9%, P=0.034), and incomplete specimen (2.2% vs. 13.3%, P=0.012) were lower in taE-ISR group. Moreover, the anal preservation rate was significantly higher in taE-ISR group (97.8% vs. 82.2%, P=0.001). Patients in the taE-ISR group showed a better disease-free survival (P=0.044) and lower cumulative recurrence (P=0.022) compared to the ISR group. Surgery procedure, tumor distance, adjacent organ injury, and adjuvant therapy were factors influencing anal preservation in patients with ultra-low rectal cancer.

Conclusion:

taE-ISR technique was safe, feasible, and improved surgical quality, anal preservation rate and survival outcomes in ultra-low rectal cancer patients. It held significant clinical value and showed promising application prospects for anal preservation.
Risk of congestive heart failure and mortality following lymphovenous anastomosis: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Joon Seok , Kang Hyun Su , Chung Jae-Ho , Ryu Jeong Yeop
Published: November 2023

Background:

Lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) enables lymphatic fluid to drain into the venous system. However, no study has investigated the association between LVA and heart failure (HF) caused by fluid overload in blood circulating system. Purpose of our study was to determine whether LVA increases the risk of HF and mortality.

Material and Methods:

This nationwide retrospective study evaluated total of 1,400 lymphedema patients who underwent LVA and two control cohorts with 28,000 lymphedema who did not undergo LVA and 70,000 age- and sex-matched participants from the Korean National Health Insurance database were included. Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), glucose and cholesterol levels, smoking history, and comorbidities were obtained during National Health Insurance Service – Health Screening (NHIS-HealS). The incidence, adjusted risk for HF, and mortality were evaluated.

Results:

Adjusted HRs for HF were 1.20 (confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.40) and 1.30 (CI, 1.12–1.50) referenced by the general population control cohort and patients with lymphedema without LVA, respectively. In age-, sex-, body mass index (BMI)-, and smoking status-stratified analyses, heightened risk of heart failure was evident across all sexes, spanning both young and old age groups, encompassing individuals with various smoking statuses, and those with a BMI of 18.5 or higher. Among these groups, the risk was notably greater in males compared to females, higher in younger individuals as opposed to older ones, and further elevated within the BMI range of 18.5 to 25.

Conclusions:

LVA is associated with an increased HF risk, independent of cardiovascular risk factors and of associated comorbidities. This association is prominent in participants aged <50 years, in males, and in the normal-to-obese (BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2) group. Among patients with lymphedema, LVA did not significantly affect mortality.
Single Institution Evaluation of Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Lesions
Authors: Greco Anthony , Smith Clarissa B. , Shi Xiaosong , Postigo Maykol
Published: November 2023

Background:

Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) utilizes three-dimensional reconstructions based on computed tomography to guide the biopsy of pulmonary lesions. Various limitations have been described; however, supporting data have been limited by small sample sizes.

Methods:

Cases of ENB for evaluation of a pulmonary lesion at a single institution during a 1-year span were reviewed for demographics, lesion location, procedural details, and final tissue diagnosis. ENB was performed by 3 pulmonologists using the Veran platform with rapid on-site evaluation. T test or Mann-Whitney U test compared continuous variables and χ2 or Fisher exact test compared categorical variables as appropriate. A patient with a negative or inconclusive biopsy was followed for 1 year postprocedure.

Results:

A total of 107 pulmonary lesions were evaluated. The population studied had a mean age of 67 and a median pulmonary lesion size of 26.0 mm. For malignant lesions, the pathologic diagnostic yield from ENB was 52.1% (37/71). The diagnostic yield of benign lesions was much lower at 16.7% (6/36). The overall procedural complication rate was 8.4% (9/107). Complications were more likely to occur in patients with malignant lesions. The most common complication was pneumothorax, occurring in 5.6% of all biopsies and 7.0% of patients with malignant lesions.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates significant differences in diagnostic accuracy between lesions found to be malignant versus benign. Our observed complication rate was slightly higher than other groups have reported, with a greater frequency occurring in patients with malignant lesions; however, the rate of pneumothorax was still lower than computed tomography–guided transcutaneous biopsies.
Quantification of Mastoid Air Cells and Opacification of the Middle Ear in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Nishida Eri , Sakaida Hiroshi , Kitano Masako , Takeuchi Kazuhiko
Published: November 2023

Objective

To evaluate pneumatization and opacification of the temporal bone on computed tomography (CT) images in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).

Study Design

Retrospective case-control study.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Patients

Fifteen patients with PCD (30 ears) and 45 age-matched individuals without PCD (90 ears) as controls.

Intervention

Diagnostic only.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Quantification of mastoid air cells in the PCD and control groups and comparison between them. Degree of middle ear opacification on CT images of the temporal bone in the PCD group.

Results

The volume of the mastoid air cells was 30% smaller in the PCD group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The suppression ratio, which is defined to indicate how much the average volume of mastoid air cells in the PCD group is suppressed relative to the control group, was 64% lower in the PCD group (p < 0.05). Opacification was noted in 47% of the mastoid air cells and 63% of the tympanic cavity on CT images of the temporal bone in the PCD group, which were significantly higher frequencies than in the control group (1.1% and 1.1%, respectively)

Conclusions

Compared with individuals without PCD, those with PCD showed a significantly smaller volume of mastoid air cells and a significantly higher frequency of opacification of mastoid air cells and tympanic cavity on temporal bone CT. Otitis media raises suspicion for PCD, and the otological manifestations of PCD reported here could help to narrow the differential diagnosis and facilitate early treatment.
Molecular mechanism of the effect of Gegen Qinlian decoction on COVID-19 comorbid with diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology and molecular docking: A review
Authors: Li Lin-zi , Zhou Cong , Wang Pei , Ke Qing-hua , Zhang Jie , Lei Shan-shan , Li Zhi-qiang
Published: November 2023

To explore the potential mechanism of Gegen Qinlian decoction (GGQL) in the treatment of COVID-19 comorbid with diabetes mellitus (DM) through network pharmacology and molecular docking, and to provide theoretical guidance for clinical transformation research. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform was used to screen the active compounds and targets of GGQL, the targets of COVID-19 comorbid with DM were searched based on Genecards database. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed using String data platform for the intersection of compounds and disease targets, the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of the intersection targets was performed using DAVID database. Cytoscape software was used to construct the “compound target-pathway (C-T-P)” of GGQL in the treatment of COVID-19 comorbid with DM, the molecular docking platform was used to complete the simulated docking of key compounds and targets. We obtained 141 compounds from GGQL, revealed 127 bioactive compounds and 283 potential targets of GGQL. Quercetin, kaempferol and formononetin in GGQL play a role by modulating the targets (including AR, GSK3B, DPP4, F2, and NOS3). GGQL might affect diverse signaling pathways related to the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease – COVID-19, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, IL-17 signaling pathway, human cytomegalovirus infection and Th17 cell differentiation. Meanwhile, molecular docking showed that the selected GGQL core active components had strong binding activity with the key targets. This study revealed that GGQL play a role in the treatment of COVID-19 comorbid with DM through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway mode of action, which provided good theoretical basis for further verification research.
Cladribine, cytarabine, and filgrastim based regimen in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Susu , Tao Qianshan , Wang Jia , Zhang Qing , Dong Yi
Published: November 2023

Background:

To ascertain the efficacy and safety of cladribine, cytarabine, and filgrastim-based regimen in relapsed or refractory (R/R) AML patients.

Methods:

Clinical studies were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase data. We selected available factors including complete remission (CR), overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) to evaluate the efficacy, and early death (ED), and adverse events to evaluate safety.

Results:

15 records with 812 R/R AML patients were finally included and analyzed using the R software. Subgroups analysis was also conducted. The pooled CR rate for CLAG regimen, CLAG-M regimen, and CLAG combined with any other drugs regimen is 56% (95% CI: 46–66), 46% (95% CI: 34–56), 44% (95% CI: 26–64), respectively. The relapsed and refractory groups showed a CR rate of 68% (95% CI: 53–80), and 51% (95% CI: 45–58) with CLAG related regimens. As risk grade decreases, the pooled CR rate increases. Regarding the safety for CLAG-related protocols, systematic review was conducted.

Conclusion:

The CLAG-related regimen is an effective and safe therapy for R/R AML patients, CLAG seems to have more superiority than CLAG combined therapy, though further studies including cladribine combination treatment protocols, are still needed to confirm our results further.
Exploration of predictors associated with bleeding in computed tomography-guided core needle splenic biopsy: A retrospective study
Authors: Masuda Sakue , Tsukiyama Toshitaka , Daigo Ryo , Makazu Makomo , Jinushi Ryuhei , Koizumi Kazuya , Nishino Takashi , Shionoya Kento , Kimura Karen , Sumida Chihiro , Kubota Jun , Ichita Chikamasa , Sasaki Akiko , Kobayashi Masahiro , Kako Makoto , Uojima Haruki
Published: November 2023

Splenic diseases may be caused by infections and can be either malignant, such as lymphoma and lung cancer, or benign, such as hemangioma. In some cases, diagnostic uncertainty of imaging persists, and image-guided splenic needle biopsy is a useful diagnostic tool to avoid the disadvantages of incorrect diagnosis, including performing unnecessary splenectomy or not giving the necessary treatment. Splenic biopsies can be divided into ultrasound-guided, computed tomography (CT)-guided fine-needle aspiration, or core needle biopsy (CNB). However, few studies have focused exclusively on complications associated with CT-guided CNB of the spleen. Therefore, we assessed bleeding, the most common complication of CT-guided CNB of the spleen, and evaluated factors associated with the bleeding. Using the biopsy database maintained at the institution, all patients who underwent CT-guided CNB of the spleen between May 2012 and September 2022 were identified retrospectively. The 18 identified patients were divided into post-biopsy bleeding and non-bleeding groups for analysis. In total, 17 patients (94.4%) could be diagnosed accurately with CT-guided CNB. Bleeding complications occurred in 7 cases of CT-guided CNB; of these, 2 patients with Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 4 disease required transcatheter arterial embolization. The bleeding group was characterized by diffuse spleen tumors in all cases, with significantly more diffuse spleen tumors than the non-bleeding group. CT-guided CNB is a useful option for neoplastic lesions of the spleen that are difficult to diagnose using imaging alone. However, consideration should be given to post-biopsy bleeding in patients with diffuse splenic tumors.
Exploring the mechanism of Erchen decoction in the treatment of atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Li Wenwen , Zhang Guowei , Zhao Zhenfeng , Zuo Yaoyao , Sun Zhenhai , Chen Shouqiang
Published: November 2023

Background:

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the cause of most cardiovascular diseases and imposes a huge economic burden on society. Erchen decoction (ECD) is an effective formula for treating AS, but its therapeutic mechanism remains unclear. This study will explore the mechanism of ECD mechanism for treating AS using network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Methods:

We searched ECD chemical composition information and related targets via Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and SwissTargetPrediction databases, and gene names correction was performed using the UniProt database. AS-related targets were retrieved from OMIM, GeneCards, and DrugBank databases, and Venny 2.1 were used for intersection analysis. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed by the STRING database, and an interactive network of the drug-component-target-disease was drawn using the Cytoscape 3.9.0 software. Gene ontology and Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia enrichment analysis were performed by the DAVID database, and molecular docking validation of vital active ingredients and action targets of ECD was performed using AutoDock Vina software.

Results:

The 127 active components of ECD act on AS by regulating 231 targets and 151 pathways. The 6 core components are quercetin, polyporenic acid C, 18α-hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid, glyuranolide, 3beta-hydroxychloroxy-24-methylene-8-lanostene-21-oic acid, and obacunone. They may regulate AS by regulating core target genes, such as JUN, SRC, AKT1, PTGS2, ESR1, AR, MAPK1, MAPK3, and RELA, and acting on multiple vital pathways, such as AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, Lipid and AS, and Fluid shear stress and AS. Molecular docking showed that the selected target protein had good binding activity to the active ingredient.

Conclusions:

ECD has the characteristics of multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways in the treatment of AS. The results provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of ECD and its mechanism.
Effects of sham acupuncture for chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yu Chuan , Zhang Rui , Shen Bin , Li Xiang , Fang Yiyi , Jiang Yiyun , Jian Guofan
Published: November 2023

Background:

Acupuncture has been widely used for chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome (MPS). Due to the strong influence of sham acupuncture (SA) in clinical trials, the treatment of MPS by acupuncture remains controversial. Different types of SA procedures might produce different responses. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effect of SA on MPS.

Methods:

We searched 8 literature databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture for chronic MPS with SA as a control from database inception to November 29, 2022. SA included superficial acupuncture on non-acupoints (SANAs), non-penetration on acupoints (NPAs), and non-penetration on non-acupoints (NPNAs). Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias and conducted the research selection, data extraction, and quality assessment of the included RCTs. We conducted data analysis using the RevMan 5.3 and STATA 14 software packages, and traditional meta-analysis was adopted for direct comparison. A network meta-analysis (NMA) was executed using frequency models in which we combined all available direct and indirect evidence from RCTs. The pain-related indicators were set as primary outcomes, and GRADEpro online was implemented for the assessment of evidence quality.

Results:

Forty-two RCTs were included in this study, encompassing a total of 6876 patients and incorporating 3 types of SA procedures. In our traditional meta-analysis, true acupuncture (TA) was more effective than SANAs, NPAs, and NPANAs concerning MPS. In the NMA, TA was the most effective modality, followed by SANAs, NPAs and NPANAs, and then the blank control (BC). In this NMA and according to the therapeutic effects in the pain indicators, the rankings of SA were as follows: SANA (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA], 65.3%), NPA (SUCRA, 46.2%), and NPANA (SUCRA, 34.2%). The quality of the evidence for outcomes ranged from “low” to “moderate.”

Conclusions:

Compared with SA, TA was effective in treating MPS. The effects produced by different SA procedures were different, and the order of effects from greatest to least was as follows: SANA, NPA, and NPANA.
The impact of protrusion size on pain, range of motion, functional capacity, and multifidus muscle cross-sectional area in lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Kilic Rabia Tugba , Yildirimalp Sedef , Sayaca Cetin
Published: November 2023

Objective:

To investigate the effect of protrusion amount on pain, lumbar mobility, physical dysfunction, and the cross-sectional area of the multifidus muscle in patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Methods:

54 male patients aged 20 to 50 years were included in this study in 2 groups. The control group (n = 18) consisted of patients with disc herniation without nerve root compression, and the study group (n = 36) consisted of patients with lumbar disc herniation and nerve root compression in 3 subgroups according to the amount of protrusion. The multifidus muscle cross-sectional area and the amount of protrusion were measured using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Pain Scale, physical dysfunction was measured using the Oswestry Disability Index, flexion-extension was measured with TiltMeter, and trunk rotation was measured with smartphone applications called iPhone Compass.

Results:

There were no differences in pain levels (P > .05), mean trunk rotation movements of the affected and unaffected sides (P = .001, P = .001, P = .983, and P = .954, respectively), Oswestry Disability Index results (P = .967), or cross-sectional area sizes of the multifidus muscle (P = .866, P = .552, P = .787, respectively). There was a difference between the groups in terms of the mean trunk flexion and extension movement values (P = .001). The regression analysis indicated that there was no significant correlation between the binary variables, and the models exhibited a low explanatory rate for the dependent variable.

Conclusion:

A relationship has been identified between lumbar disc herniation and low back pain, lumbar movement limitation, and physical functionality. Nevertheless, subsequent to the regression analysis, it became evident that the binary variables did not exhibit a noteworthy relationship, leading to a decrease in the explanatory capacity of the models for the dependent variable. In forthcoming studies, it is advisable to contemplate the augmentation of the subject pool or the incorporation of multiple independent variables into the regression analysis as potential strategies to enhance the model capability in elucidating variations in the dependent variable.
Effectiveness of alpha-lipoic acid in patients with neuropathic pain associated with type I and type II diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Orellana-Donoso Mathias , López-Chaparro Michelle , Barahona-Vásquez Marisol , Santana-Machuca Andrés , Bruna-Mejias Alejandro , Nova-Baeza Pablo , Valenzuela-Fuenzalida Juan José
Published: November 2023

Background:

This systematic review explores the most current evidence regarding the mechanisms of neuropathic pain in patients with different types of diabetes and how this pain affects different functional and structural components of the neuroanatomical pain pathways. The review also seeks to provide guidelines for the best approach and treatment for patients experiencing this type of pain. The objective is to determine the effectiveness of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in improving functional and symptomatic outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type I and type II.

Objective:

To determine the effectiveness of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in improving functional and symptomatic outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type I and type II.

Methods:

We systematically search MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science databases.

Results:

The findings of this review show that different forms of ALA do not present statistically significant changes for any of the scales included, including total symptom score (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −3.59, confidence interval [CI] = −4.16 to −3.02, and P < .00001), neuropathy impairment score (SMD = −1.42, CI = −3.68 to 0.84, and P = .22), and neuropathy symptom checklist (SMD = −0.09, CI = −0.15 to −0.02, and P = .01).

Conclusion:

In comparison to the use of a placebo, the findings suggest that ALA does not exhibit significant differences in terms of pain reduction and different functional scales. Moreover, no specific dosages are identified to support the use of ALA for the reduction of neuropathic pain.
Self-management of psoriasis vulgaris treatment burden: A Review
Authors: Zhu Dan , Li Na , Yan Xiang , Zheng Meng
Published: November 2023

Psoriasis vulgaris is complicated with metabolic syndrome and other diseases, which affects the longevity of patients. Its repeated attacks bring obvious and long-term treatment burden to patients, and improper self-management can aggravate disease symptoms and increase the risk of complications. To summarize the existing evidence on the self-management of psoriasis vulgaris treatment burden. Systematic search was performed in database. Two researchers reviewed, extracted, and summarized evidence from the literature. Nine studies were included, of which 3 guidelines, the number of fields with standardized scores in various domains ≥60% of the evaluation results of the 3 guidelines was at least 4, quality evaluation are all above Grade B, demonstrated higher quality of guidelines, 3 RCTs, 2 analytical studies, and 2 literature reviews. The evaluation results of these included literatures were of high quality. We summarized the data in 6 areas, including oral medication management, topical treatment management, risk factors, living habits, physical exercise, and biologics managements. Finally, we present 34 items of best evidence. This study provides the basis for the management of treatment burden of psoriasis vulgaris. According to this study, medical workers guide patient to reduce the disease and treatment burden.
Colorectal adenocarcinoma with hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Shi Lingzi , Sun Li
Published: November 2023

Rationale:

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors are rarely reported and extremely blurry to diagnose, especially in the case of a confirmed diagnosis of colon cancer and a family history. Here we report such a case followed by our experiences and lessons.

Patient concerns:

A 62-year-old male with a family history of colon cancer has been recently admitted to our hospital, exhibiting multiple hepatic lesions when diagnosed as colon cancer, and all assistant examinations indicated the hepatic metastases.

Diagnoses:

Liver puncture biopsy and immunohistochemistry confirmed hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, which was tended to primary hepatic tumor combining medical history.

Interventions and outcomes:

The patient refused the further treatment and dead of liver failure.

Lessons:

Hepatic neuroendocrine tumors exhibited no specific symptoms, signs or imaging manifestations, mainly relying on immunohistochemistry for diagnosis, which makes it difficult to be distinguished from other liver masses and metastatic tumors, especially interfered by a confirmed diagnosis of colon cancer and a family history. In this regard, more rigorousness is required in the diagnosis and treatment of liver tumors.
Comprehensive characterization of MUC16 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma for immunotherapies and prognosis: An observational study
Authors: Liu Tingjun , Wu Lianlian , Liu Jing , Chen Hao , Zhu Bao , Qiao Dandan , Zhu Yuhua , Liu Tingya , Chen Quangang , Hu Ankang
Published: November 2023

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a non-small-cell lung cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Immunotherapy is a promising candidate for LUAD, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) could be a new biomarker to monitor the response of cancer patients to immunotherapy. It is known that the mucin 16 (MUC16) mutation is the most common and affects the progression and prognosis of several cancers. However, whether MUC16 mutations are associated with TMB and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in LUAD is not fully elucidated. All the data were obtained from the cancer genome atlas database to assess the prognostic value and potential mechanism of MUC16 in LUAD. An immune prognostic model (IPM) was developed based on immune-related genes that could be differentially expressed between MUC16MUT and MUC16WT LUAD patients. Later, the IPM effect on the prognosis and immunotherapy of LUAD was comprehensively evaluated. MUC16 was frequently mutated in LUAD, with a mutational frequency of 43.4%, significantly associated with higher TMB and better clinical prognosis. Based on 436 patients with LUAD, an IPM was established and validated to differentiate patients with a low or high risk of poor survival. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that the IPM was an independent prognostic indicator for LUAD patients. Elevated expressions of PD-L1, LAG3, PDCD1, and SIGLEC15, and most of the T-effector and interferon-γ gene signatures, were depicted in the high-risk group. Moreover, the nomogram using the IPM and clinical prognostic factors also predicted the overall survival and clinical utility. Our project developed a robust risk signature depending on the MUC16 status and provided novel insights for individualized treatment options for LUAD patients.