bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectral Trends in GC-EI-MS Data Obtained from the SWGDRUG Library and Literature: A Resource for the Identification of Unknown Compounds
Authors: Feeney William , Moorthy Arun , Sisco Edward
Published: May 2022

Rapid identification of new or emerging psychoactive substances remains a critical challenge in forensic drug chemistry laboratories. Current analytical protocols are well-designed for confirmation of known substances yet struggle when new compounds are encountered. Many laboratories initially attempt to classify new compounds using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data. Though there is a large body of research focused on analysis of illicit substances with GC-MS, there is little high-level discussion of mass spectral trends for different classes of drugs. This manuscript compiles literature information and performs simple exploratory analyses on evaluated GC-MS data to investigate trends of electron ionization (EI) mass spectra on the most reported illicit substance classes. Additionally, this work offers other important aspects: brief discussions of how each class of drugs is used; descriptions of proposed fragmentation pathways of commonly observed ions in EI-MS data; and summaries of mass spectral trends that can help an analyst classify new illicit compounds.
Soft drug-inhibitors for the epigenetic targets Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) and Histone Deacetylases (HDACs)
Authors: Seitz Johannes , Auth Marina , Tzortzoglou Pavlos , Hau Mirjam , Schulz-Fincke Johannes , Willmann Dominica , Metzger Eric , Schüle Roland , Jung Manfred
Published: May 2022

Epigenetic modulators such as Lysine-specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) and Histone Deacetylases (HDACs), are drug targets for cancer, neuropsychatric disease or inflammation but inhibitors of these enzymes exhibit considerable side effects. For a potential local treatment with reduced systemic toxicity, we present here soft drugs as new LSD1 and HDAC inhibitors. A soft drug is a compound that is degraded in vivo to less active metabolites, after having achieved its therapeutic function. This has been successfully applied for corticosteroids in the clinic but soft drugs targeting epigenetic enzymes are scarce, with the HDAC inhibitor remetinostat being the only example. We have developed new methyl ester containing inhibitors targeting LSD1 respectively HDACs and compared their biological activity to the one of their respective carboxylic acids cleavage products. In vitro activity assays, cellular experiments, and a stability assay identified potent HDAC and LSD1 soft drugs that are superior to their corresponding carboxylic acids as potential candidates for local therapy with minimized side effects.
Strategic Enzymatic Transformations in Modern Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Kaspar Felix , Schallmey Anett
Published: May 2022

Enzymes continue to gain recognition as valuable tools in synthetic chemistry as they enable transformations, which elude conventional organochemical approaches. As such, the progressing expansion of the biocatalytic arsenal has introduced unprecedented opportunities for new synthetic strategies and retrosynthetic disconnections. As a result, enzymes have found a solid foothold in modern natural product synthesis for applications ranging from the generation of early chiral synthons to endgame transformations, convergent synthesis and cascade reactions for the rapid construction of molecular complexity. As a primer to the state-of-the-art concerning strategic uses of enzymes in natural product synthesis and the underlying concepts, this review highlights selected recent literature examples (covering 2020 to April 2022), which make a strong case for the admission of enzymatic methodologies into the standard repertoire for complex small molecule synthesis.
Integrated exposomics/metabolomics for rapid exposure and effect analyses
Authors: Flasch Mira , Fitz Veronika , Rampler Evelyn , Ezekiel Chibundu N. , Koellensperger Gunda , Warth Benedikt
Published: May 2022

Environmental drivers of disease susceptibility, referred to as the exposome in its totality, are poorly understood. Measuring the myriad of chemicals that humans are exposed to is immensely challenging and identifying disrupted metabolic pathways is an even more complex task. Here, we present a novel technological approach for the comprehensive, rapid and integrated analysis of the endogenous human metabolome and the chemical exposome. By combining reverse-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and fast polarity switching, molecules with highly diverse chemical structures can be analyzed in 15 minutes with a single analytical run. Standard reference materials and authentic standards were evaluated to critically benchmark performance. Highly sensitive median limits of detection with 0.04 µM for >140 quantitatively assessed endogenous metabolites and 0.08 ng/mL for the >100 model xenobiotics were obtained. To prove the dual-column approach’s applicability, real-life samples from sub-Saharan Africa (high exposure scenario) and Europe (low exposure scenario) were assessed in a targeted and non-targeted manner. Our LC-HRMS approach demonstrates the feasibility to quantitatively and simultaneously assess the endogenous metabolome and the chemical exposome for the high-throughput measurement of environmental drivers of disease.
Adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Blanco Estela , Marcela Marin , Nuñez Loreto , Retamal Erika , Ossa Ximena , Woolley Katherine E. , Oludotun Tosin , Bartington Suzanne E. , Delgado-Saborit Juana Maria , Harrison Roy M. , Ruiz-Rudolph Pablo , Quinteros María Elisa
Published: May 2022

Objective. To estimate the point prevalence and likely ranges of pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birth weight and preterm delivery in Latin America and the Caribbean, and evaluate the heterogeneity of the estimates.

Methods. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies reporting the prevalence of maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes in populations in Latin American and the Caribbean published between 2000 and 2019 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. We searched PubMed, Embase, and LILACS. We estimated the point prevalence and evaluated overall heterogeneity and, in sub-group analyses, heterogeneity by study design and level of bias.

Results. Of 1087 records retrieved, 50 articles were included in the review: two on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, 14 on pre-eclampsia, six on gestational diabetes, nine on low birth weight and 19 on preterm birth. No meta-analysis for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy could be done because of the small number of studies. Point prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birth weight, and preterm birth were: 6.6% (95% CI: 4.9%, 8.6%), 8.5% (95% CI: 3.9%, 14.7%), 8.5% (95% CI: 7.2%, 9.8%), and 10.0% (95% CI: 8.0%, 12.0%), respectively. We observed substantial heterogeneity overall and by study design. No major differences in estimates were observed by level of bias.

Conclusions. The results of this study provide updated estimates of some of the most prevalent adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean. They highlight that important heterogeneity exists in prevalence estimates, which may reflect the diversity of populations in the region.
Escala del modelo de creencias de salud en español para el cáncer y la autoexploración testicular
Authors: Juárez-García Dehisy Marisol , Téllez-Ramos Marcos Arnoldo , Téllez Arnoldo
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar la escala del modelo de creencias de salud para el cáncer y autoexploración testicular (AT) en estudiantes universitarios en México y determinar las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y del modelo de creencias que influyen en efectuar la AT. Se realizó el proceso de traducción y retraducción de la cual se obtuvieron 72 ítems, que fueron revisados por expertos y se eligieron 39 ítems, los cuales fueron aplicados en un grupo de 30 estudiantes para revisar la comprensión y el tiempo de aplicación; por último, esta versión se aplicó en 803 estudiantes de una universidad pública. Se obtuvo una escala de 38 ítems divididos en 6 factores congruentes con el modelo de creencias de salud: susceptibilidad (α = 0,77), seriedad (α = 0,82), beneficios (α = 0,80), barreras (α = 0,83), autoeficacia (α = 0,88) y motivación para la salud (α = 0,71) que explican el 44% de la varianza y presentan una consistencia interna de adecuada a buena. La variable que más influye en la realización de la autoexploración testicular fue la autoeficacia. La versión en español de la escala del modelo de creencias de salud para el cáncer y la autoexploración testicular obtuvo evidencias de validez y confiabilidad en esta muestra de estudiantes universitarios.
Translation of Conversational Implicature in the Tok Pisin Gospel of Matthew
Authors: Bullock Jacob
Published: May 2022

In this paper I will be examining and evaluating three conversational implicatures from the gospel of Matthew along with their translations in Tok Pisin, a lingua franca of the country of Papua New Guinea. My purpose in the examination is to evaluate whether the implicatures they contain are likely to communicate the same truth conditional meaning in the translation as in the original. After the evaluation I will show my proposed additions to the translations to ensure that the original truth conditional meanings are preserved. For evaluation of the implicatures I will be utilizing principles from the theory of conversational implicature proposed by Paul Grice. Specifically, I will be referring to his super maxims of quality, quantity, relation and manner and his theory of implicature through violation of these maxims. (Grice 1989)
Quality of life of undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Margotti Edficher , Gama Souza Joyce
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida dos estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade pública do Pará. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, quantitativo, realizado com 159 alunos. Aplicado questionário com perguntas do formulário World Health Organization Quality Of Life-Bref. Realizada análise exploratória dos dados e métodos de estatística descritiva. Resultados: quanto à qualidade de vida geral, 76 (47,80%) avaliaram como média. Quanto aos domínios, o pior escore médio foi no meio ambiente, 2,69. Outras afirmações: 83 (52,19%) disseram ter pouco dinheiro; 35 (22,64%), pouca oportunidade para atividades de lazer, 47 (29,56%), insatisfação com o acesso aos serviços de saúde; 59 (37,11%), muita insatisfação com o meio de transporte. No domínio físico, insatisfação de 67 (42,14%) com o sono/repouso. No psicológico, 66 (41,51%) apresentaram pensamentos negativos algumas vezes. Conclusão: os estudantes de enfermagem avaliaram sua qualidade de vida geral como média, porém há insatisfação no sono/repouso, acesso aos serviços de saúde e transporte.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK AND SURROUNDING REGIONS FROM SATELLITE DATA
Authors: Shevchenko G. V. , Lozhkin D. M.
Published: May 2022

Using the method of harmonic analysis and EOF decomposition of SST data for the surface of the Sea of Okhotsk and adjacent water areas (42–60° N, 135–160° E, SakhNIRO database and ERA5 reanalysis for 1998–2020), the main features of seasonal variations in thermal conditions were determined. It was revealed that the amplitude of the annual harmonic, which plays a decisive role in the seasonal variations of SST, generally decreases in the direction from west to east throughout the study area, the lowest values are in the zones of quasi- stationary upwellings. The phase increases along the northwest-southeast axis, the total shift is 24–25° (about 3 weeks). In the spatial distribution of the first mode (all values are positive), the water area of the Sea of Japan, the NWPO, and the southwestern part of the Sea of Okhotsk are characterized by high values. Its time function is characterized by a pronounced annual cycle, with a maximum in August–September and a minimum in February–March. The spatial distribution of the second mode has a nodal line running along the Kuril Islands from the Sea of Okhotsk side. The mode values vary along the northwest–southeast axis, with maximum positive values on the northwestern shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk and negative values in the remote part of the NWPO. The time function of the second mode has a positive maximum in July–August and a negative minimum in November–December. This nature of the second mode shows that, against the background of the main SST field described by the first mode, a peculiar seasonal “heat wave” is distinguished, propagating from the northwest to the southeast and passing along this axis in about three weeks, which is an important specific feature of the thermal regime of the study area.
CONSIDERING OF BIOOPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS STRATIFICATION FOR LIGHT FIELDS CALCULATION IN TYPE I WATERS
Authors: Yushmanova A. V. , Deryagin D. N. , Glukhovets D. I.
Published: May 2022

A method for calculating the vertical profiles of the spectral absorption coefficient of suspended particles is presented, taking into account the stratification of the seawater extinction coefficient the surface layer. The method was developed on the basis of data obtained in 84-th cruise of the R/V “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” in the Arctic Ocean (“European Arctic 2021”, July 24 – August 26, 2021). The calculated profiles were used to estimate the vertical distribution of the concentration of chlorophyll a and further numerical simulation of the downwelling flux of photosynthetically active radiation. Comparison of the calculated light fields parameters with the results of in situ determinations showed good agreement (the root-mean-square error between the measured and calculated PAR values is 8 %).
Las desigualdades de la población en México, en el Siglo XXI
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tuirán Gutiérrez Alejandro
Published: May 2022

El presente libro intenta mostrar una mirada del ocurrir de las asimetrías que se viven en diferentes escenarios en el contexto nacional y local, lo que permite observar que se forman polarizaciones que dejan como resultado personas marginadas de los derechos humanos, de la economía, del acceso a los servicios básicos, incluso a los propios jóvenes egresados de universidades los excluye de mercados laborales. El texto reúne cuatro miradas, en el primer capítulo Alejandro Tuirán Gutiérrez analiza la efectividad de los programas del gobierno actual a cargo del Lic. Andrés Manuel López Obrador, revisando y evaluando los impactos de estos programas de transferencias en efectivo que pretenden disminuir la inequidad en el año 2020. Su trabajo se centra a nivel de hogares y personas en México; esta investigación la realizó a partir de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares de 2020.
Featured Research Images
Authors: Papp Imre , Sarlieve Yvan
Published: May 2022

Featured on this issue's front and back covers, we have "Shining a Light on the Adolescent Mouse Brain" created by Imre Papp and "Fluorescent salicylidine-4-toluidine" created by Yvan Sarlieve.
Legitimação e Circulação do discurso em aulas de ciências: um modelo multidimensional de análise
Authors: Pinto Bruna Cristina Nunes , Silva Rosianne Pereira , Bertoldo Tassia Alexandre Teixeira , Wartha Edson José
Published: May 2022

O objetivo deste texto é refletir sobre o processo de circulação e legitimação do discurso em aulas de ciências, por meio da estratégia de ensino de rodas de conversa. Para a análise da circulação e legitimação do discurso, aqui considerada como fazendo parte do processo de produção de conhecimento, utilizamos um modelo multidimensional de análise no qual fazemos uso de ferramentas analíticas propostas por dois campos teóricos, a Teoria do Código de Legitimação e as Interações Discursivas. Para esta análise utilizamos dados da própria sala de aula para identificar como o processo de circulação e legitimação afeta as próprias condições de sua produção. As análises dos perfis semânticos revelaram pouca variação entre os diferentes níveis de gravidade e densidade semântica e as análises das interações discursivas evidenciaram a importância dos movimentos epistêmicos realizadas pela professora e o tipo de abordagem comunicativa utilizada nas Rodas de Conversa.  Com base nos resultados, entendemos que este modelo multidimensional de análise possui potencial para uma compreensão mais abrangente sobre o processo de circulação e legitimação do discurso científico em sala de aulas de ciências
The Relationship Between School Administrators' Social Communication Skills and Teachers' Motivation Levels (Document Review)
Authors: MENEK Nurcan , TOPSAKAL Süleyman , TAŞBAŞ Abbas
Published: May 2022

Bu araştırmada okul yöneticilerinin iletişim becerilerinin öğretmenlerin motivasyonuna olan etkilerini incelemek amacıyla, Yüksek Öğretim Kurumunun (YÖK) tez veritabanı taranarak 2005-2020 yılları arasındaki paylaşıma açık 18 lisansüstü
çalışmanın incelenmesi yapılmıştır. Bu tezlerin hepsinde farklı evrenlerden seçilen örnekler üzerinde yapılan anket sonuçlarına göre verilerin elde edildiği görülmüştür. Söz konusu tezler incelendiğinde yöneticilerin okul yönetiminde
kullandıkları iletişim tekniklerinin öğretmenin motivasyonu üzerinde doğrudan etkisi oldu görülmüştür. Bunu etkileyen faktörler yöneticiler ve öğretmenlerin mesleki kıdem, branş, öğrenim durumu, medeni durum, cinsiyet ve yaş gibi
değişkenlere bağlı olarak değiştiği görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin yaş ve mesleki kıdemlerinin ilerledikçe yönetici ile iletşimin azaldığı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin müfredattan kaynaklı olarak yöneticilerle daha az iletşime girdikleri
ve buna benzer sebeplerin iletşimden kaynaklı motivasyonun düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Bunlara ek olarak okuldaki öğretmen ve öğrenci sayısı, okulun fiziki yapısı gibi etmenlerin belirleyici olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Genel olarak
bakıldığından yöneticilerin iletişim tekniklerinin öğretmenlerin motivasyonunu etkilemeleri yapılan çalışmalarda anlamlı/olumlu olduğu görülmüştür.
Results Of Artificial Intelligence For Businesses
Authors: TAŞLIYAN Mustafa , YILMAZ Ömer İhsan
Published: May 2022

Günümüzde teknoloji, hiç olmadığı kadar hızlı gelişmektedir. Yakın geçmişe kadar on yıllarla ifade edilen teknolojik sıçramalar günümüzde birkaç yılda bir gerçekleşmeye başlamıştır. Bunun yanında, içinde bulunduğumuz teknoloji çağında
işler ve iş yapış şekilleri sürekli değişime uğramaktadır. Bu durum karşısında hem bireyler hem de işletmeler sürekli öğrenmek ve değişime ayak uydurmak durumundadırlar. Günümüzde hem işletmelerin hem de bireylerin ortak paydada
buluştuğu işletme birimi insan kaynakları yönetimidir. İnsan kaynakları yönetiminin de halihazırda yararlanabileceği en son teknoloji yapay zekâdır. Bunun yanında yapay zekanın işletmeler açısından en verimli kullanımı insan kaynakları
yönetimi üzerinde gerçekleşmektedir. Bunun sebebi, yapay zekanın misyonunun, insanı en mükemmel şekilde taklit edip, yine insana azami faydayı sağlamak olmasıdır. Yapay zekanın işletmeler açısından önemli sonuçları bulunmaktadır.
Bu teknoloji sayesinde çalışanlar, tekrar eden ve uzun süren işlere daha az zaman ayırmakta ve kendi işleri ile ilgili katma değer ifade eden yeteneklerine daha fazla odaklanabilmektedirler. Bu çalışma, yapay zekâ kavramını ve
yapay zekanın işletmeler açısından sonuçlarını ele almaktadır.
Pengembangan Teknologi Tepat Guna Erp Untuk Modul Crm (Kampoeng Kuliner Brenzeel 48)
Authors: Darmawan Agus , Seabtian Dwi Tjahjo
Published: May 2022

Development of the application of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as one of the supports for the operation of a business field that is integrated with business and has better data accuracy. An ERP system consists of various modules and sub-modules that can represent specific business components. If data is entered in a module (eg data on rice uduk sales) then other modules such as payment and inventory will be automatically updated as well. These updates occur in real time or right at the time of the sale. Implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) or customer relationship management which is indirectly said to be computerized customer data. This is so that the company knows what the needs and desires of customers are so that good relationships can be established with customers. Many companies focus on high satisfaction because many dissatisfied customers are easy to think about getting a better offer. Those who are very satisfied have a harder time changing their minds. High satisfaction or pleasure creates emotional attachment to the company
Witchcraft and Its Implications for Women Reconsidered
Authors: Bachmann Judith
Published: May 2022

In Africa, witchcraft as both a practice and concept is characterized by diversity. A number of places such as Nigeria hold a general suspicion that women are more likely to be witches. This gendered social practice has been studied in anthropology. However, African women’s reactions and interests regarding practices associated with witchcraft (identification, deliverance, healing etc.) have not been studied sufficiently. And in particular, women’s multi-religious backgrounds have often been ignored. This article argues that research on witchcraft in Africa carries a burden of epistemic violence. It has often left the ascription of witchcraft to women unquestioned and at the same time, overlooked women’s own diverse religious perspectives and the interplay of this with witchcraft belief. Based on fieldwork among the Yoruba in Nigeria, the article analyses how witchcraft is ascribed as female, how women are impacted by this and how they position themselves within this social practice. It discusses these gender dynamics as related to the effects of epistemic violence and agency. Results show that women participate in the production of witchcraft as an imagined exclusive female practice, yet their dealings with witchcraft also implicate agency and the possibility of socio-religious change.
Selected issues of abuse of rights in the tax system of the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Bjelić Gaćeša Dragana , Milošević Marija , Zima Predrag
Published: May 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the abuses of rights in the Croatian tax system committed by members of capital companies, which were identified during tax supervision. In the context of the above, it should be emphasized that in the Republic of Croatia, in accordance with applicable legislation, members of capital companies are generally not liable for the obligations of the company, which resulted in the possibility of members of these companies to commit a number of abuses. Thus, during tax inspections in the Republic of Croatia, the occurrence of establishing new companies with the aim of transferring profits to them after the previous company over indebtedness which resulted in the company’s inability to settles its short-term and long-term financial obligations to creditors. In order to achieve the purpose of the paper, the authors analyze the legal framework of the Republic of Croatia and its compliance with European Union regulations in the context of abuse of rights in the tax system and the responsibilities of members of capital companies. Special attention is paid to the analysis of individual cases of abuse and their perception through the prism of decisions of Croatian and European courts. In the conclusion of the paper, the authors present suggestions and recommendations for improving the detected problems. Methodologically, the authors collected relevant data in the text using analysis and synthesis, and in the preparation of the paper used a comparative method, inductive and deductive method, and the method of compilation.
Better Accuracy for Better Science...Through Random Conclusions
Authors: Davis-Stober Clintin P , Dana Jason , Kellen David , McMullin Sara D , Bonifay Wes
Published: May 2022

The difficulty of conducting research with human subjects often entails limited sample sizes and small empirical effects. We demonstrate that this problem can yield patterns of results that are practically indistinguishable from flipping a coin to determine the direction of treatment effects. We use this idea of random conclusions to establish a baseline for interpreting effect size estimates, in turn producing more stringent thresholds for hypothesis testing and statistical power calculations. An examination of recent meta-analyses in psychology, neuroscience, and medicine confirms that, even if all considered effects are real, results involving small effects are indeed indistinguishable from random conclusions.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN EMOTIONAL PERCEPTION: EVIDENCE FROM POPULATION OF TUVANS (SOUTHERN SIBERIA)
Authors: Mezentseva Anna A. , Rostovtseva Victoria V. , Ananyeva Kristina I. , Demidov Aleksandr A. , Butovskaya Marina L.
Published: May 2022

Prior studies have reported that women outperform men in nonverbal communication, including the recognition of emotions through static facial expressions. In this experimental study, we investigated sex differences in the estimation of states of happiness, anger, fear, and disgust through static photographs using a two-culture approach. This study was conducted among the Tuvans and Mongolian people from Southern Siberia. The respondents were presented with a set of photographs of men and women of European and Tuvan origin and were asked to interpret each of them. They were asked: “What does the person in the photo feel?” We found that the Tuvans easily identified happiness and anger; however, the level of accuracy of fear and disgust recognition was low. No sex differences in the recognition of happiness, disgust, and fear were observed. However, anger recognition was significantly moderated by the perceiver’s sex and the origin of the model. Compared to Tuvan men, Tuvan women were significantly less accurate in identifying anger in male Tuvans. Furthermore, the age effect was found in recognition of fear: older Tuvans were more accurate while recognizing the fearful faces of Tuvan, but not the European models.
What is the prevalence of prosopagnosia? An empirical assessment of different diagnostic cutoffs
Authors: DeGutis Joseph , Bahierathan Kanisha , Barahona Katherine , Lee EunMyoung , Evans Travis Clark , Shin Hye Min , Mishra Maruti V , Likitlersuang Jirapat , Wilmer Jeremy Bennet
Published: May 2022

The prevalence of developmental prosopagnosia (DP), lifelong face recognition deficits, is widely reported to be 2-2.5%. However, DP has been diagnosed in different ways across studies, resulting in differing prevalence rates. In the current investigation, we estimated the range of DP prevalence by administering well-validated objective and subjective face recognition measures to an unselected web-based sample of 3,116 18-55 year-olds and applying DP diagnostic cutoffs from the last 13 years. We found estimated prevalence rates ranged from 0.64-5.42% when using a z-score approach and 0.13- 2.95% when using a percentile approach, with the most commonly used cutoffs by researchers having a prevalence rate of .93% (z-score, .45% when using percentiles). We next used multiple cluster analyses to examine whether there was a natural grouping of poorer face recognizers but failed to find consistent grouping beyond those with generally above versus below average face recognition. Lastly, we investigated whether DP studies with more relaxed diagnostic cutoffs were associated with better performance on the Cambridge Face Perception Test. In a sample of 43 studies, there was no significant association between diagnostic strictness and DP face perception accuracy (Kendall’s tau-b correlation, τb=.176 z-score; τb=.111 percentiles). Together, these results suggest that researchers have used more conservative DP diagnostic cutoffs than the widely reported 2-2.5% prevalence. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of using more inclusive cutoffs, such as identifying mild and major forms of DP based on DSM-5.
A preregistered direct replication of the linguistic frame effect on perceived blame and financial liability
Authors: Tonković Mirjana , Vlašiček Denis , Dumančić Francesca
Published: May 2022

PurposeFausey and Boroditsky (2010) demonstrated that agentive descriptions of accidents can increase perceived blame and financial liability. We conducted direct replications of their studies 1 and 2 in English, as originally used, and in Croatian.Methods Participants in the first experiment read either an agentive or a nonagentive description of an incident that resulted in a fire and rated the level of blame and financial liability of the main character in the story. The second experiment examined the direct influence of language on financial liability assessments while manipulating the blame level. Participants were presented with the same story as in the first experiment with the added sentence about the blame level attributed to the main character by an independent panel. We used the materials from the original studies and replicated the studies using a large sample of native English-speaking residents of the USA and Croatian students. ResultsWe successfully replicated original findings in English, but results of the experiments conducted in Croatian were mixed. In the first experiment, we found a smaller effect of agentive language and only on the blame level and not on the proposed financial penalty. In the second experiment, we did not find the effect of agentive language on the proposed fine.ConclusionsOur experiments confirmed the original findings in English. The effect might exist in Croatian too, but its exact size remains to be determined in future research. Possible explanations of observed differences between results in English and Croatian are discussed.
Workers and Their Foes: Customer Scapegoats in the Service Triangle
Authors: Laemmli Taylor
Published: May 2022

What interaction-level dynamics minimize interactive service workers’ opposition to precarious work? This paper uses sixteen months of fieldwork with restaurant servers to show how low-autonomy precarious work, as experienced through the prism of the service triad (the social form constituted by workers, customers, and managers in the service workplace), can have an unexpected effect: workers experience frustration, but the dynamics of interactive service work position customers rather than management as responsible. This experience of frustration deflects workers’ attention away from bosses and toward customer scapegoats. Employers passively benefit from these dynamics as a Simmelian tertius gaudens, one element in a triad that draws advantage from conflict between the other two elements. The paper demonstrates the independence of interaction-order dynamics vis a vis social structure, highlights advantages of formal sociology, enumerates scope conditions, shows how the model can be extended beyond service work, and suggests challenges for labor organization posed by interactive service work.
Argentine, Chinese, or Chinese-Argentine: the immigrants being in search of their identities
Authors: LI DIANCHENG
Published: May 2022

Studies have shown that the first wave of settlers who migrated from China to Argentina took place in the 1990s and they are part of the new immigration. The present research suggests that the first Chinese settlers in Argentina have experienced a language barrier and their later generation receive exposure to a language shift. Since the Caucasian ideologies represent the dominant culture of Argentina, Chinese immigrants have somehow been marginalised and discriminated against. Moreover, the lack of racial integration has generated negative perceptions of the inhabitants of Chinese descent and has given rise to xenophobic attitudes toward them. Even though certain cultural activities will reduce the racial gaps, the dominant whites are still developing a racist cognitive bias against subordinate ethnic minorities due to their mental models that associate with the racist beliefs. Therefore, the Chinese immigrants find it hard to define their identities.
FINITE-ELEMENT CALCULATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCES IN THE DEFERENT SHAPES OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS WINDING UNDER SHORT CIRCUIT CONDITION
Authors: J. Hussein Weeam , R. Hameed Kassim
Published: May 2022

This paper is concerned with calculating the electromagnetic forces in the windings of distribution transformers with different shapes of coils. The electromagnetic forces as well as the magnetic flux density and their distribution were analyzed and calculated using Finite Element Method (FEM). The Finite Element models of the distribution transformers with non-linear magnetic characteristics for the iron core are built using FEM software "ANSYS". In this paper, the static analysis method is based on two-dimensional models, and these models have been solved by using the formula for the magnetic vector voltage (A). Three types of three-phase distribution transformers were adopted, each with a capacity of 250 kVA and a voltage ratio is 11/0.416 kV. These types of transformers with different shapes of coils are stack core transformer with oval coil, wound core transformer with rectangular coil, and stack core transformer with cylindrical coil. The results obtained from the FEM analysis agreed with the design calculations which depend on the conventional design formulas. The most important contributions of this study are to building two-dimensional models for different types of distribution transformers. Calculating electromagnetic forces in transformers winding during short circuit conditions in different coil shapes. Studding the effect of the shape of the coils on the calculation of the electromagnetic forces in them. This work can save time, effort, and cost for transformer manufacturers in calculating the electromagnetic forces, also using this model for the virtual test leads to avoid the risk, and efforts spent to do the real short-circuit test.
THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MULTI USER OFDM ORTHOGONAL CHAOTIC VECTOR SHIFT KEYING SUPPORTED BY LDPC
Authors: M. Abed Ansam , S. Hasan Fadhil
Published: May 2022

Recently, LDPC code have become very important research area in wireless communication due to its ability to increase the capacity in a wireless fading environment, with low implementation complexity. In this paper, LDPC are combined with Multi User OFDM Orthogonal Chaotic Vector Shift Keying (MU-OFDM-OCVSK) communication system to improve the BER performance over multi-path Rayleigh fading channels. Two types of LDPC decoder are introduced that are Log-Domain and Min-Sum decoder. The system is simulated using MATLAB program version 2019a for different scenarios which include different number of iterations, different block lengths, different number of users and different number of spreading factor. The results show that a coding gain in a range of (4.5 – 7) dB is achieved between the coded and uncoded MU-OFDM-OCVSK system. The results also show that the Min-Sum decoder outperform the Log-Domain decoder in all scenarios.
Virtual Clinics: A Student-Led, Problem-Based Learning Approach to Supplement Veterinary Clinical Experiences
Authors: Alvarez Elizabeth , Nichelason Amy , Lygo-Baker Simon , Olin Shelly , Whittemore Jacqueline , Ng Zenithson
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic created an abrupt need for effective remote clinical experiences for senior clinical veterinary students. Subsequently, the authors created virtual clinics. This activity was derived from a problem-based learning (PBL) model wherein students designed clinical cases and participated through virtual role play as clients and clinicians. The purpose of this article is to describe virtual clinics and to report data from focus groups of participating students and faculty facilitators from two institutions regarding the positive and negative aspects of the shift in practice. A few common emerging themes included that case rounds were fun and engaging, students could learn at their own pace, and peer-to-peer learning opportunities had perceived value. Themes are reflected against the pedagogical literature to draw out areas that resonated. Students felt this activity was more engaging than listening to a discussion of a case they had no ownership of, and facilitators agreed that the peer-to-peer interactions added to student engagement. Additionally, students developed deeper knowledge about the underlying disease process and clinical presentation of their case, which required independent and self-directed learning, enabling students to think about a case from a client’s perspective. By participating in these activities, students developed skills of classroom-to-clinic transitional value. While virtual clinics should not replace in-person clinical experiences, this activity might be useful to facilitate students’ transition from a structured classroom setting to a less-structured clinical experience.
Inspection of Maqasid al-Syari’ah in Religious Texts Regarding the Recommendation to Shave Underarm Hair
Authors: Lubis Ali Akhbar Abaib Mas Rabbani , Rafik Abdul
Published: May 2022

This study discusses the aesthetics of personal grooming which includes recommendations for shaving armpit hair. This study aims to better understand the aesthetics of personal grooming and hadiths regarding the recommendation to remove armpit hair in terms of al-mashlahah’s approach, al-Syatibi’s perspective. The method of this study was qualitative which involves a literature review. The explanation is analyzed through three stages which include the stages of data condensation, data display, and conclusion-verification. The results found that the aesthetics of personal grooming in Islam accordance with maqasid al-shari’ah because of its hygiene and health perspective. For that, shaving the armpit hair is in accordance with the objectives of shari’, which is to bring benefits (mashlahat) and prevent disease (mafsadat).
Islam and Local Wisdom: Integration of the Arab Community in Indramayu, Indonesia
Authors: Tabroni Roni
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the Arab community's efforts to integrate with local wisdom in Dermayu Village, Sindang, Indramayu. These values were then turned into principles, which have remained in place to this day. Leadership, ideological cultivation, and mobility are all considered in the research. The theory of Islamic social movements is used in this study to identify patterns of movement actors framing Islamic values and collaborating with local wisdom values. The findings revealed that Arab community actors were successful in fusing Islamic values with local wisdom by instilling the values of tolerance, cooperation, and accommodation. Two of the strategies used are da'wah and education. Assimilation and acculturation can be seen in everyday activities, indicating that people are attempting to fit into society. Furthermore, the community tries to avoid conflicts and disputes by participating actively in community activities such as election days, village meetings, and village management structures. They gain sympathy as a result of this issue, and they are able to live in peace.
Theological Stage of Islamic Studies in the West
Authors: Octavia Aisyah Mawar , Anshori Isa
Published: May 2022

Islamic studies is a distinct field of study in the West, particularly in Europe, that is both complex and integral to the larger intellectual current. Even in its early stages, Islamic studies became inextricably linked to political currents in Western countries, giving rise to the term 'orientalism.' The purpose of this research is to consider a variety theological stage that have occurred in the development of Islamic studies in the West. This study reveals that there are three stages in Western-style Islamic studies, namely theological, political, and scientific stages, through a review of the literature. In the West, the study of Islam begins with the paradigm that Islam is a religion that can be studied from any perspective and with such freedom. The issue of dar al-Islam versus dar al-harb, understanding the text and sources of basic and contextual principles, understanding and application of governance Islamic courts (Usul al-Fiqh), the concept of Islam as a universal religion, and ijtihad issues are among the theological issues and Islamic legislation related to the issue of European Muslim identity.
Explosive Isnad and Isnad Family: Thoughts of Mustafa Azami and Nabia Abbott
Authors: Iqbal Muh. , Husna Jannatul , Nurkholis Nurkholis
Published: May 2022

Ismologists Nabia Abbott and Mustafa Azami specialize in the study of hadith. Many of their works refute orientalist claims that the Prophet's hadith was compiled by Companions and generations in the second and third centuries. The purpose of this research is to glance at Mustafa Azami's and Nabia Abbott's opinions on the Explosive Isnad and the Isnad Family, as well as how they compare to the views of classical hadith scholars. This study employs a literature review method. The findings show that most of Abbott and Azami's viewpoints are similar to those of hadith scholars, such as in the context of the increasing number of hadith narrations in each generation and the fact that the family isnad cannot be used as a criterion for determining the validity of a hadith. The difference is in Abbott's interpretation of the Sunnah.
Chemical Bonds: An Integration with Islamic Brotherhood Values
Authors: Vela Mega Legi , Setiawan Riky , Kristanti Metha Nur , Agustin Tiyas , Rofiana Anggita Ainur , Istiqomah Anisa Nur , Salsabilla Annisa Dhaifa , Kustomo Kustomo , Putri Novtavia Shintya
Published: May 2022

Individuals will reap enormous benefits from bonding. There are always positive aspects to take from a bond. Covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds are examples of chemical bonds. The main ideas raised in chemical bonds are strengthened by incorporating Islamic character values. The primary objective of this study was to examine all chemical bonds and incorporate them into human life, especially in accordance with Islamic brotherhood. The findings of this study reveal that each chemical bond, whether covalent, ionic, or metallic, has a meaning that is closely related to human relations as social beings in accordance with Islamic values, as revealed by a literature review. Humans as social beings are taught to always have good relations with fellow humans through covalent bonds, and through ionic bonds, they are taught to help, work together, and take care of one another. Metallic bonds, on the other hand, teach humans to share and be sincere.
Assessment of genome stability of pfleFB hybrid generations through molecular DNA markers
Authors: Sarkar Suranjana , Bag Neelanjan , Mallick Pijush
Published: May 2022

Using PEG-mediated protoplast fusion, a total of nine pfle somatic hybrids were developed between Pleurotus florida and Lentinula edodes. Only six could developed fruit bodies and the second generation was made of each through tissue culture isolate from their fruit bodies. The first generation were denoted as pfle1p, pfle1q, pfle1v, pfle 1s, pfle1o and the second generation were as pfle1pFB, pfle1qFB, pfle1vFB, pfle 1sFB, pfle1oFB. The genetic closeness, stability and variance is analyzed compared to their first parental strains using nine RAPD molecular markers. Amplified PCR bands were scored analyzed using SPSS software version 19. Polymorphisms were found calculating a total of 104 bands is 94.23% where the highest polymorphism was observed in RAPD-02, RAPD- 03, RAPD-08 and SS-11. Maximum bands (16) were generated by SRS-06 and minimum in SRS-05, ranged from 330 bp – 3000 bp and 450 bp – 2000 bp, respectively. Jaccards proximity matrix was generated from the scored data followed by dendogram including two generations with parents, using single linkage. The proximity matrix was ranged from 8.00-60.00. Two parental strains P. florida and L. edodes found to be most distantly related among all, where pfle 1pFB, pfle 1rFB were very close in genetic distance and another two hybrid lines, pfle 1vFB, pfle 1qFB were also showed the same. It was observed that the nearest neighbor showed a little variance genetically, but the hybrid lines are mostly similar with their second generation.
The study the possibility of development of environment safety technology of creating polymer composites in the conditions of small innovative enterprises
Authors:   Tver State Technical University, Tver, Russia, Kozyreva L.V. , Kozyrev V.V. ,   Tver State Technical University, Tver, Russia, Fadeev O.V. ,   Tver State Technical University, Tver, Russia
Published: May 2022

The creation of competitive products with a high degree of science intensity is impossible without the use of innovations. However, in their creation process does not always comply with the environmental safety requirements, which leads to negative consequences for the natural environment and human health. This article presents the results of research work group of authors to create wear-resistant polymer composites and their rational use in the processes of parts manufacturing machines running under the impact of the abrasive particles in the absence or limited admission Lube. A method of applying a metal coatings on fibers and powders, in which a metal coating layer with a thickness from 50 nm is applied to the surface by thermal decomposition organometallic compounds vapour using CVD-method, and device for molding polymer composites pressure. Developed innovative polymer composites based on polyamide-6.6 reinforced with metallic fibers and powders used for the manufacture of parts of construction, emergency rescue and other types of equipment. As a result of conducting a comprehensive study reported an increase resources manufactured parts relative serial assembly units. The ecological nature of the creating polymer composites in the conditions of small innovative enterprises was ensured by conducting the process in a closed cycle with the possibility of re-use of the reagents. This eliminated the flow of pollutants into the environment and allowed the implementation of the principles of resource and energy conservation.
Investigation of dielectric and strength properties of organoplastics. Review
Authors:   «National Center for Space Research and Technology» JSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Yermakhanova A.M. , Sanin A.F. ,   Oles Honchar National University, Dnipro, Ukraine, Meiirbekov M.N. ,   «National Center for Space Research and Technology» JSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Baiserikov B.M. ,   «National Center for Space Research and Technology» JSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

Currently, the production and use of military UAVs in the direction of robotic complexes is actively developing. The purpose and use of military UAVs differ from civilian ones, based on two functions: reconnaissance purpose and a carrier of a warhead. The specifics of military UAVs are their invisibility to enemy radars and ensuring stable transmission of information from the command post. For these purposes, first of all, the UAV material must have the properties of radio transparency. For the production of UAV hulls, power elements, high-strength PCM are needed, which include organoplastics, carbon fiber, fiber glass. The choice of materials for parts of components and assemblies of aviation equipment depends on their operating conditions: operating loads, material properties. Organoplastics (OP) fully meets these requirements among polymer composite materials (PCM). OP have high strength properties along with low dielectric losses (radio transparency) compared to other fiber composites. This paper presents an overview of studies of dielectric and strength properties, as well as ways to improve the mechanical properties of organoplastics. The analysis of the work has shown that for radiotransparent organoplasty, the optimal frequency range of permittivity is 1kHz-12 GHz. The ultimate strength of organoplastics varies in the range from 320 MPa to 1 GPa. The possibilities of increasing the strength of aramid fibers and ways of modifying organoplastics epoxy resins are considered.