bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the issue of bringing minors to criminal responsibility and execution of punishment against them
Authors:   Moscow State Pedagogical University, Golovko N.V.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical and legal issues related to the problems of bringing minors to criminal responsibility, as well as the execution of criminal punishment imposed by the court against them. The analysis of legal literature, legislative acts, as well as judicial and investigative practice regarding the privileges provided by the criminal law in relation to juvenile offenders. On the basis of the research, the author identified the main tasks facing law enforcement officers, who are charged with the duty to perform the criminal penalties established by the court against adolescents.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dan Kooperatif Tipe Number Head Together Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Hasil Belajar di SMP
Authors: Putra Sukarman Hadi Jaya
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan kooperatif tipe Number Head Together terhadap keterampilan proses sains dan hasil belajar siswa kelas VII SMP Santa Maria Maumere Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020. Pengaruh yang dilihat adalah hasil belajar dan keterampilan proses sains setelah diberikan pembelajaran menggunakan model Problem Based Learning dan Number Head Together. Hasil belajar siswa yang diukur adalah tes hasil belajar kognitif dengan bentuk soal pilihan ganda yang terdiri dari 20 butir soal sedangkan tes keterampilan proses sains dengan menggunakan angket yang terdiri dari 20 butir angket. Penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan Number Head Together tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan pada hasil belajar kognitif yaitu 0,125 0,05 dan keterampilan proses sains 1,9. model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan Number Head Together terhadap keterampilan proses sains dan hasil belajar kognitif.
On the P-Adic Valuations of Stirling Numbers of the Second Kind
Authors: S. S. Singh  , A. Lalchhuangliana  , P. K. Saikia
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we introduced certain formulas for p-adic valuations of Stirling numbers of the second kind S(n, k) denoted by vp(S(n, k)) for an odd prime p and positive integers k such that n ≥ k. We have obtained the formulas, vp(S(n, n − a)) for a = 1, 2, 3 and vp(S(cpn, cpk )) for 1 ≤ c ≤ p − 1 and primality test of positive integer n. We have presented the results of vp(S(p2, kp)) for 2 ≤ k ≤ p − 1, 2 < p < 100 and a table of vp(S(p, k)). We have posed the following conjectures from our analysis:
 

1. Let p ≠ 7 be an odd prime and k be an even integer such that 0 < k < p − 1. Then                                                                                                 vp(S(p2, kp))-vp(S(p2, p(k+1)) = 3

2. If k be an integer such that 1 < k < p − 1, then the p-adic valuations satisfy                                                                                             vp(S(p2, kp)) = 5 or 6,  if k is even; 2 or 3, if k is odd
for any prime p > 7.

3. For any primes p and positive integer k such that 2 ≤ k ≤ p − 1, then                                                                                                                                     vp(S( p, k )) ≤ 2.
Prävention – Preparedness – Resilienz. : Strategien einer neoliberalen Public Pedagogy
Authors: Wischmann Anke
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung: In dem Beitrag geht es darum, Prävention, Preparedness und Resilienz als Dispositive einer neoliberalen Public Pedagogy (PP) zu verstehen. Einleitend wird von einer Ratio der Prävention ausgegangen und danach gefragt, warum und wie
diese sich etabliert hat. Sodann werden die Begriffe erläutert und zueinander ins Verhältnis gesetzt. Daran anschließend wird diskutiert, inwiefern der Neoliberalismus selbst als eine Public Pedagogy wirkt und inwiefern er sich dezidiert gegen Kinder und Jugendliche
richtet. Am Ende wird deutlich, dass das Streben nach Sicherheit, das sich als umfassende Begründungsmatrix zeigt, die Sicherheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen nicht gewährleistet. Vielmehr trägt diese Strategie qua Individualisierung zur Prekarisierung bei, wie anhand
eines empirischen Beispiels skizziert wird.Abstract: The article understands prevention, preparedness and resilience as dispositives of a neoliberal public pedagogy. The essay introduces a ratio of prevention and asks why and how it has been established. In the following, the terms
are explained and put into relation to each other. Subsequently, it will be discussed to what extent neoliberalism itself acts as a public pedagogy and to what extent it is decidedly directed against children and young people. In the end, it becomes clear that the striving for security, which
initially shows itself as a comprehensive matrix of legitimation, does not guarantee the security of children and young people. Actually, it contributes itself to precarization by individualising young people, as an empirical case study shows.
Jahresrückblick: (Nach-)Wirkungen des Rassismus. Über die Verwundbarkeit und das Privileg des Schutzes
Authors: Kourabas Veronika
Published: February 2021

Rassismus gründet auf der Vorstellung, Menschen ließen sich in ,Rassen‘1 einteilen, unterscheiden, ordnen und hierarchisieren. Wenngleich die Vorstellung von ,Rassen‘ auf einer Fiktion, einem Phantom (vgl. Foroutan/Geulen et al. 2018)
und einem gesellschaftlichen Wahn beruht (vgl. Mbembe 2014, S. 12), spiegelt sie eine soziale Realität in der bundesdeutschen Vergangenheit und jüngsten Gegenwart wider. Auch der wissenschaftliche und öffentliche Konsens, dass es ,,keine wissenschaftliche Grundlage für
die Einteilung der Menschheit in biologisch unterscheidbare ,Rassen‘“ (Hall 2000, S. 7) gibt, vermag dieser Vorstellung nicht entgegenzuwirken. Die Jahre 2018 und 2019 haben wiederholt gezeigt, dass der Rückgriff auf ,Rasse‘-Kategorien die Sicherheit und
das (Über-)Leben derjenigen Menschen gefährdet, die durch rassistische Zuschreibungspraxen als Andere2 gelten. Rassismus stellte eine ,,reale Gefahr für die körperliche Unversehrtheit und das Leben der Betroffenen [dar]“ (VBRG e.V. 2019b). Wie der
,,Verband der Beratungsstellen für Betroffene rechter, rassistischer und antisemitischer Gewalt“ in seiner Jahresbilanz für 2018 festhält, ,,ereigneten sich mindestens drei rechte, rassistische und antisemitische Angriffe taglich in den funf ostdeutschen Bundeslandern
und Berlin.“ (VBRG e. V. 2019a) Im Jahr 2019 waren allein in Berlin und Ostdeutschland ,,täglich [...] mindestens fünf Menschen Opfer politisch rechts, rassistisch oder antisemitisch motivierter Gewalt“ (VBRG e. V. 2020).3 So gilt auch für die Jahre 2018
und 2019, was Colette Guillaumin (1999, S. 46) bereits in den 1990er Jahren als Paradoxon herausgestellt hat: ,,Race does not exist, but it does kill people.“
Maghbouleh, Neda (2017): The Limits of Whiteness. Iranian Americans and the Everyday Politics of Race. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 248 S.
Authors: Wischmann Anke
Published: February 2021

In den USA werden Menschen weiterhin viel expliziter anhand von ,,Rassenmerkmalen“ klassifiziert. So wird bis heute in Volkszählungen die ,,Rassezugehörigkeit“ abgefragt, die sich die Befragten somit selbst zuschreiben. In vielen Fällen scheint diese Zuordnung
auf den ersten Blick eindeutig vorzunehmen zu sein aufgrund phänotypischer Merkmale. In dem Buch von Neda Maghbouleh wird einmal mehr deutlich, wie uneindeutig und gleichzeitig machtvoll diese Kategorisierungen auch heute noch sind. Sie widmet sich in ihrer Studie Menschen, deren Eltern
aus dem Iran in die USA eingewandert sind, zumeist in der Folge der islamischen Revolution. Hierzu wurden qualitative Interviews geführt, ethnografische Beobachtungen vorgenommen und historische Dokumente analysiert.
Increasing Corrosion Resistance of Pressure Vessels at the Hydrostatic Pressure Testing by Using Inhibitors
Authors: Iordoc Mihai , Marin Georgiana , Stoianovici Georgeta , Prioteasa Paula , Balan Cristinel , Guta Marian , Furtuna Radu
Published: February 2021

Studies of the corrosion initiation at the pressure hydraulic test of pressure vessels during their filling, maintaining and draining are presented. It has been established that the most suitable method involves the use of corrosion inhibitors, which directly decrease the corrosion rate even in small or very small quantities. It was studied the influence of some corrosion inhibitors at different concentrations on some steel materials commonly used at pressure vessels manufacturing. The study involved the inhibitors testing both in laboratory and in factory conditions. Testing in laboratory conditions involved the analysis of the following inhibitors: urea, thiourea, triethanolamine, FINEAMIN 88 and FINEAMIN 06. The results were compared with those of the Adirol inhibitor, the currently used inhibitor. It was investigated the corrosion of the following stainless steels and unalloyed steels: A 240 grade 304, A 240 grade 316, A 516 grade 70, A 516 grade 60, P260-GH, P265, P275, P295-GH, P295, and P355. By recording the potentiodynamic polarization curves, the corrosion parameters (corrosion potential, corrosion current density, polarization resistance, corrosion rate, charge transfer coefficients for anodic and cathodic processes, inhibitors acting coefficients, and inhibition efficiencies) have been evaluated. The following corrosion inhibitor solutions were selected for testing under the factory specific conditions: Instal Protect SP at concentrations of 5%, 7.5% and 10%, ELG INCOR SP at 10% concentration, FINEAMIN 06 at 10/00 concentration and a mixture of 40mL FINEAMIN 06 + 40 mL FINEAMIN 88 SCAV25 in 40 L water. The analysed steels were A 106 grade B and A 283 grade C. Tests in laboratory conditions revealed a different behaviour of the inhibitors, depending on the analysed concentration and steel grade. The inhibitors proven as appropriate following the tests in the factory conditions were ELG INCOR SP used in industrial water (tap water), whereas the mixture of FINEAMIN 06 + FINEAMIN 88 SCAV25 had efficiency only in demineralised water.
Study the Effect of Gum Arabic and Triton X-100 on Stability and Thermal Conductivity of ZnO/ethylene glycol Nanofluids
Authors: Majeed Noor Sabeeh , Alabdly Hussein A. , Ani Hussam Nadum Abdalraheem Al , Pascu Dumitru , Nechifor Aurelia Cristina
Published: February 2021

Stability of nanofluids is one of the most important factors to ensure the most benefit of the properties of nanoparticles. Zinc oxide was used in the research with concentration between (0.2-1) wt. % with ethylene glycol base fluid. The stability of ZnO nanofluid was enhanced by adding two types of surfactants Tx-100 and Gum Arabic with concentration of (0.1-0.5) vol. % to stabilize the ZnO nanoparticles in the base fluid. The results showed that the Gum Arabic surfactant led to more stable fluid than that of Tx-100; this was shown from zeta potential and UV spectroscopy measurements. The thermal conductivity coefficient was also measured, and the results showed that the thermal conductivity increased with adding surfactant than without using a stabilizer.
Optimisation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Biosynthesis Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae with Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Mulyani Fitry , Permana M. Diki , Ishmayana Safri , Rahayu Iman , Eddy Diana Rakhmawaty
Published: February 2021

Zinc oxide nanoparticles have wide applications as catalysts, antimicrobial agents, drug delivery agents, etc. because of their intrinsic properties. Various methods can be applied to synthesise nanoparticles, one of which is the biosynthesis process. Biosynthesis is more eco-friendly than chemical and physical methods. In the present study, the optimisation of zinc oxide nanoparticle biosynthesis using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was performed by applying a response surface method called the Box�Behnken design (BBD). Three factors were optimised in the present study, namely the concentration of zinc acetate as the precursor (X1), concentration of the S. cerevisiae fermentation broth (X2), and the incubation time (X3). The mass of zinc oxide nanoparticles (Y) was recorded as the response of the experiment. The product was then characterised by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and particle size analyser (PSA). The optimum conditions for the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles were found to be 0.3 M, 100% (v/v), and 24 h as the zinc acetate concentration, medium concentration, and incubation time, respectively. The FTIR analysis showed peaks at ~600 cm−1, which is characteristic for ZnO stretching. From the XRD result, the ZnO nanoparticles with hexagonal structure was confirm. The SEM/EDS analysis confirmed that the morphology was spherical and showed the major energy emission for zinc and oxygen. Moreover, the PSA analysis revealed that the smallest size was 218.6 nm (12%) when the synthesis was performed at the optimum conditions, while when the incubation time was prolonged for 120 h, the size decreased to 134.2 nm.
Perbedaan Konsep Diri Lansia Antara Tipe Single Parent Family Dan Aging Couple Family
Authors: Mei Fitria Kurniati  , Yusuf Efendi
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK

Seiring  dengan bertambahnya jumlah lansia, terdapat  banyak persoalan yang dialami lansia diantaranya tidak memperoleh akses kesehatan, tidak memiliki jaminan hari tua, tidak mendapat dukungan sosial dari keluarga atau teman. Pada akhirnya lansia mengalami masalah psikis maupun fisik. Salah satu bentuk dari masalah psikologis pada lansia adalah gangguan konsep diri. Pembentukan konsep diri seseorang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui perbandingan konsep diri lansia antara tipe single parent family  dan aging couple family.

Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode Cross Sectional. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah Purposive Sampling. Sampel sejumlah 30 keluarga yaitu single parent family dan aging couple family. Variabel independen yaitu single parent family dan aging couple family dan variabel dependen yaitu konsep diri lansia. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dengan tingkat kemaknaan 0,05.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan konsep diri lansia sebagian besar baik yaitu sejumlah 10 responden (33.3%) pada  couple aging  family sedangkan pada single parent family sejumlah 11 responden (36.7%). Hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan nilai sig.  = 0,201 berarti > 0,05 sehingga  ditolak sehingga tidak ada Perbedaan konsep diri lansia antara tipe single parent family dan tipe aging couple family. Hendaknya perawat aktif dalam meningkatkan perhatian dan kepedulian untuk membantu lansia mencapai konsep diri yang positif sebagai tanggung jawab untuk memberikan pelayanan profesional pada klien.

 Kata Kunci       : Konsep Diri, Lansia, Single Parent Family, Aging Couple Family
Pengaruh Pemberian Buku Saku Terhadap Upaya Pemantauan Perkembangan Anak Di Desa Sumberagung Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro
Authors: Ardianti Ikha
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK

Peran ibu sangatlah urgent dan krusial terutama dalam mendidik anak. Salah satu peran ibu adalah mengenali perkembangan anaknya sedini mungkin, memberikan stimulasi pada tumbuh kembang anaknya secara menyeluruh baik aspek fisik, mental maupun sosial. Masalah yang terjadi pada perkembangan anak adalah keterlambatan perkembangan pada anak yang disebabkan kurang aktifnya ibu dalam memantau perkembangan anak.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh pemberian buku saku terhadap upaya pemantauan perkembangan anak di desa Sumberagung Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro tahun 2018.

Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasy eksperiment dengan rancangan one group pre and post design . Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki anak usia 1-3 tahun yang berjumplah  30 responden. Analisa data menggunakan  uji Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian buku saku terhadap upaya pemantauan perkembangan anak, upaya pemantauan perkembangan anak sebelum dan sesudah diberikan buku saku dengan nilai significant P = 0,01 maka H0 ditolak.

Kata Kunci       : Anak, Pemantauan, Perkembangan
Pengaruh Self Help Group Terhadap Tingkat Harga Diri Keluarga Dengan Penderita Skizofrenia Di Poli Jiwa Puskesmas Kalitidu
Authors: Julianto Errix Kristian , Efendi Yusuf
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAKSelf Help Group merupakan kelompok-kelompok termasuk orang dengan ikatan bersamayang secara sukarela datang bersama-sama untuk berbagi, menjangkau dan belajar satu samalain dalam lingkungan yang terpercaya, mendukung dan terbuka (Knight, 2014). Tujuan penelitianini adalah Menganalisis pengaruh Pengaruh Self Help Group Terhadap Tingkat Harga DiriKeluarga Dengan Penderita Skizofrenia Di Poli Jiwa Puskesmas KalitiduDesain penelitian ii menggunakan Pre eksperiment dengan pendekatan one group preposttest design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah Seluruh keluarga penderita Skizofrenia diPKU Jiwa Kalitidu yang berjumlah 32 dengan teknik total sampling diperoleh 32 responden.Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner Harga diri. Kemudian penelitian ini dianalisamenggunakan wilcoxon sign rank.Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari sebagian responden mempunyaitingkat harga diri rendah yaitu terdapat 18 (56,2%) responden sebelum di beri self help groupsedangkan setelah diberikan Self Help group menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar respondenmempunyai harga diri tinggi yaitu terdapat 25 (78,1%) responden. Berdasarkan uji statistikdengan menggunakan SPSS uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks antara nilai pre test dan post testmenunjukkan bahwa kondisi responden sebelum dan setelah dilakukan intervensi dengan selfhelp group pada harga diri dengan nilai uji wilcoxon sebesar 0, 001 dengan nilai kesalahansebesar < 0,05.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh dari Self Help Groupterhadap harga diri keluarga dengan penderita depresi di poli jiwa puskesmas kalitiduBojonegoro. Diharapkan para keluarga dengan penderita depresi di poli jiwa puskesmas kalitidubojonegoro tetap aktif dalam mengikuti kegiatan Self Help Group di poli jiwa puskesmas kalitidubojonegoro sehingga keluarga mampu meningkatkan harga diri.Kata Kunci : Self Help Group, Harga diri, Skizofrenia
Designe An Electrical System for Adjustable Hearing Aid Based on Smartphone
Authors: Balsam S. Aziz1 , Auns Q. H. Al-Neami
Published: February 2021

In this project we have designed an adjustable hearing aid by using android smartphone applicationvia Bluetooth connection for controlling the amplification process. Arduino Nano is used to execute allcommands and HC-06 Bluetooth module is used in this system. The Bluetooth connection transmit the datato Arduino to provide digital outputs to the programmable gain amplifiers (PGA) and outputs the tone duringthe tuning state. The final constructed hearing aid’s device was experimented on different set of people withdifferent hearing loss degree .The final test showed that the device could improve the hearing for people withpartial hearing problems.
The family Epimetopidae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea): review of current knowledge, genus-level phylogeny, and taxonomic revision of Eupotemus
Authors: Fikáček Martin , Matsumoto Keita , Perkins Philip , Prokin Alexander , Sazhnev Alexey , Litovkin Stanislav , Jäch Manfred A.
Published: February 2021

Epimetopidae are a small beetle family of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea, comprising 72 described species in three genera: the American Epimetopus Lacordaire, 1854 (56 species), Asian Eumetopus Balfour-Browne, 1949 (eight species) and African Eupotemus Ji & Jäch, 1998 (eight species, of which six are described as new here). In this study we illustrate and compare the adult morphology of all three genera and generate the first DNA sequences for Eumetopus and Eupotemus. The morphological data and sequences of four genes (cox1, 16S, 18S and 28S) are used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among genera. Both strongly support the monophyly of Epimetopidae, reveal Eumetopus as the earliest diverging taxon and Epimetopus + Eupotemus as a strongly supported clade with numerous synapomorphies. The reciprocal monophyly of Epimetopus and Eupotemus is strongly supported by DNA data but not in the morphological analysis which reveals Epimetopus paraphyletic. Eumetopus, despite being the earliest branching clade, is characterized by many unique derived structures, e.g. by the presence of the sperm pump in males (unique in Hydrophiloidea). The available data on the biology of Epimetopidae indicate that most species inhabit sandy to muddy margins of streams or rivers. Females of all three genera carry egg cases; Epimetopidae hence are one of three independent lineages of Hydrophiloidea in which this behavior evolved. Larvae are only known for Epimetopus and are characterized by morphological adaptations for feeding by piercing and sucking, a closed tracheal system and abdominal gills; larvae of Eumetopus and Eupotemus remain unknown and further research is needed to confirm whether they show the same adaptations as Epimetopus. The taxonomy of the African genus Eupotemus is re­vised, with six species described as new: E. bilobatus sp. nov. (Nigeria), E. cameroonensis sp. nov. (Cameroon), E. ophioglossus sp. nov. (Gabon, Togo), E. smithi sp. nov. (Côte d’Ivoire), E. taianus sp. nov. (Côte d’Ivoire) and E. uluguru sp. nov. (Tanzania). Eupotemus limicola Delève, 1967 is fixed as the type species of the genus according to ICZN (1999: Art. 70.3). New records of Eumetopus species are provided (E. acutimontis Ji & Jäch, 1998 from Vietnam, E. bullatus (Sharp, 1875) from India: Maharashtra, E. flavidulus (Sharp, 1890) from India: Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, E. maindroni (Régimbart, 1903) from India: Maharashtra and Gujarat, and E. weigeli Skale & Jäch, 2003 from India: Uttarakhand). The habitus of all species is illustrated. An updated checklist of the Epimetopus species is provided, and records of two specimens of the E. costatus group from Zambia and Saudi Arabia are considered to result from either accidental introductions or mislabelling.
Annals of the Kola Science Center. Year 2013.
Authors:   Department of Science Management Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bodrova Olga A. , Stogova Yana A. ,   Department of Science Management Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2021

There is presented a chronology of the main events of the history of the Kola Science Center of the Russian Acad-emy of Sciences in 2013: the results of researches, scientific and management activities, information on events, social life, state and scientific awards and transformations, as well as photographs from the Archive of the Depart-ment of Science Management of the FRC KSC RAS.
The origin of the mountain (goltzy) deserts of the European Arctic: A review of theories .
Authors:   Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-InstituteofFRC KSC RAS, Koroleva N. E. , Danilova A. D. ,   Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-InstituteofFRC KSC RAS
Published: February 2021

The main theories of origin of the European Arctic tundra and subarctic mountain(goltzy)deserts are reviewed, in application to the Kola Peninsula. The theory of «tabula rasa» stated that all plants died during glaciation, and then immigrated fromtheCentral Europe, Siberia, and British Isles. According to another theory, during several Pleistocene glaciations, plants survived in ice-free refugia. Modern bota-ny point of views supports post-glacial migration of species and rather «tabula rasa»theory. The border of the timberline moving up inthe Holocene thermal optimum did not affect the subarctic mountain de-serts, unlike the tundra zone. Based on this, the evolution of the high mountain deserts vegetation probably meant the establishment of groups of species that differ from modern communities of the lower disposed tundra zone. Many types of mountain tundra vegetation, apparently, came from the mountains of North-East Azia; however, many species have been originated from the forest communi-ties. The subarctic mountain deserts have apparently not changed since the retreat of the glacier.
The role of “Soyuzzoloto”joint-stock company in the geological development of the North-East of Russia in 1928–1931 .
Authors:   North-Eastern State University, Pustovoit G.A.
Published: February 2021

The paper reconstructs the process of accumulation of scientific knowledge on the geology of the North-East of Russia and evaluates the results. On the basis of extensive collections of documents in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archive of Economy, Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, State Ar-chive of the Magadan Region, and local publications of 1930–1940, and memoirs of contemporaries we ac-cessed the contribution of geologists of joint-stock company «Soyuzzoloto» to the sharing of scientific knowledge on the mineral potential of North-East Russia. This provides better understanding of the practice of mining development in the North-East of Russia, introduces the valuable types of mineral raw materials into economic circulation, personal aspects of this phenomenon. The huge amount of factual material collected by «Soyuzzoloto» required the scientific and technical support of the mining industry. All necessary resources of the North-East of Russia were organized of in a single center ––the «Dalstroy» trust.
Characteristic aspects of developing medium businesses in Russia
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I Saint Petersburg State Transport University, Bozhko Lesia М.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to identify trends of medium-sized organizations` development in the Russian Federation. The criteria for assigning organizations to medium-sized according to the regulatory framework are named, the dynamics of the number of small and medium-sized enterprises for 2010-2018 years are estimated. On the basis of statistical data, the dynamics of medium-sized enterprises` turnover are estimated, the share of medium-sized organizations` turnover in the total turnover is calculated, and the changes of some indicators characterizing the contribution of medium-sized organizations to the economy are monitored. Problems of medium-sized organizations` development are formulated. Gazelle firms are cited as an evidence of the opportunity and ability for medium-sized businesses to be successful.
On the issue of genuine socialization as a prerequisite for the establishment of the noonomy: interdisciplinary approach
Authors:   Department of philosophy and social Sciences of the Murmansk Arctic state University, Shachin Sviatoslav V.
Published: February 2021

The article offers an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the socialization process in order to consider the possibility of transformation of human nature “from zoo to noo”. Social and philosophical theories of socialization of the Frankfurt school, economic theories of property relations transformation in the digital age, psychological theories of the socialization crisis and neurobiological theories are synthesized. The author substantiates the need to return at a higher level to the processes of socialization familiar to “pre-digital” generations, revealed in the Frankfurt school, which implied a dialectical synthesis of individualization and universalization of the person, taught people moral self-restraint and allowed them to form mutual recognition relationships. In the modern era, socialization is distorted, which creates the danger of dominance in society of the infant psyche in adults. This is accompanied by a trend towards total digitalization, including private life, which creates a massive situation of anthropological distrust. This does not take into account the fundamental dialectical principles of the human brain, which are discovered by neuroscientists. The use of dialectical methodology will allow the educated public to change the big data processing algorithms in order to put digital technologies at the service of human development, instead of adapting the men himself to existing digital technologies at the cost of his degradation. The modified data processing algorithms will stimulate the full development of a person, especially in early childhood and early school age. Only in this way may be genuine socialization in the direction to the noonomics.
Socialization of the economy in Latin America: pro et contra of the cooperative movement based on the Cuban experience
Authors:   Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arabadzhyan Alexandra Z.
Published: February 2021

This paper studies relations between socialization and technical progress. It investigates the experience of Latin America through the categorical apparatus of Marxist dependency theory, which shows that low level of technological advance does not present an insurmountable obstacle for socialization of the economy. The article focuses on a specific example represented by Cuban cooperative movement. Basing on the current Cuban legislation that regulates cooperative activity, some statistics and investigations of several prominent scientists, who dedicate to the issue, the paper shows the difference between existing types of cooperatives in Cuba. It also embraces their advantages that favor the process of socialization. At the same time, the author highlights some drawbacks of cooperative movement that might turn out to be major pitfalls for socialization. The study pays attention to uniqueness of Cuban case as it is based on a socialist mode of production.
Alkalophilic Protease Producing Bacteria and Some Biotechnological Potentials
Authors: Abbasi Muddasir Hassan , Mehmood Rabia , Khawar Muhammad Babar , Amaan Hafiza Nabeela , Arif Amin , Saeed Tahaa , Rafiq Mussarat
Published: February 2021

Background: Extremophiles are a hot topic in the field of biotechnology for their immense potential and applications in multiple industries.

Objectives: The present review aims to sum up the potential applications of alkalophilic protease-producing bacteria and their optimized growth requirement. The isolation, characterization, and optimization of various isolates (especially of genus Bacillus) from different harsh niches, including soil samples from deserts and soil having decaying matters, wastewaters from industries, soda lakes, and alkaline springs have been reported in this review.

Methodology: All the relevant papers published from 2013-2020 were looked over numerous sources like Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science.

Results: Most of the microbial life found in extreme alkaline habitats are found to form a variety of enzymes and an array of other substances of biotechnological interests. These enzymes, especially proteases, are exploited in industries globally because of their ability to withstand rigorous industrial reactions and conditions.

Conclusion: Though a number of alkalophilic protease-producing bacteria have been isolated, still a large number of these micro-organisms are unidentified. The current demand for biotechnological products from them appeals to the need for isolation of unidentified bacteria.
Insight into (?) Cell Development to Rebuild Bonafide ?-Cells: Reprogramming Verses Differentiation of Stem Cells
Authors: Sultana Misbah , Jadoon Saima , Malik Arif
Published: February 2021

Background: Pancreatic ?-cells for insulin secretion are the main regulators of mammalian metabolic process. Diabetes and hyperglycemia make the patient dependable on exogenous insulin, which is due to the lack of functional ?-cells. Oxidative stress also plays an important role in the aggravation of this pathological condition. Recent insights into the development of ?-cells along with the pluripotent stem cells discovery have opened new ways to generate ?-cells that can help in the screening of various drugs and also in the transplantation therapy since, these pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) can develop in any type of cell, due to which any defective tissue can be substituted.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate current strategies which can help to control diabetes mellitus.

Methodology: Methodological approach of this review was based on the comparison of theoretical studies and researches related to diabetes mellitus.

Results: In vitro or in vivo, replication might be repeated based on proteins or through small molecules. Efforts have been made through which differentiated cells can be converted into ?-cells by transcriptional regulators that are the significant players for the development, as well as responsible to identify conditions that cause replication of ?-cell both in vitro and in vivo. The recent strategies can be applied for new ?-cells generation and also highlights the future aspects regarding the mechanisms that govern later differentiation stages.

Conclusion: This review provides an update on generating ?-cells from different strategies and also brief about the development and function of ?-cells that how they could help to control diabetes.
THE RISK OF DEVELOPMENT OF LITHUANIAN DERIVATIVES MARKETS
Authors: Garškaitė-Milvydienė Kristina
Published: February 2021

Derivative financial instruments play a very important role in financial markets, but they are seen as rather contradictory and their impact on financial markets and the stability of these markets has not been comprehensively examined. Therefore, the aim of this article is to systematise the potential risks of derivatives in the context of the past global financial crisis, and the recent situation in Lithuania. In particular, growing international tension and deteriorating economic situation, make it necessary to re-analyse the recent crisis, its causes and consequences. The 2007–2008 global financial crisis revealed the challenges and risks of derivatives and showed the tremendous impact that their imprudent use may have on the stability of a financial system. The Lithuanian economy recently joined the euro, but its macroeconomic fundamentals show certain risks. Infrastructures of the derivatives market, liquidity and an adequate supervisory framework are necessary to maintain stability.
The Explosion in Orion-KL as Seen by Mosaicking the Magnetic Field with ALMA
Authors: Cortes Paulo C. , Le Gouellec Valentin J. M. , Hull Charles L. H. , Girart Josep M. , Louvet Fabien , Fomalont Edward B. , Kameno Seiji , Moellenbrock George A. , Nagai Hiroshi , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Villard Eric
Published: February 2021

We present the first linear-polarization mosaicked observations performed by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We mapped the Orion-KLeinmann-Low (Orion-KL) nebula using super-sampled mosaics at 3.1 and 1.3 mm as part of the ALMA Extension and Optimization of Capabilities program. We derive the magnetic field morphology in the plane of the sky by assuming that dust grains are aligned with respect to the ambient magnetic field. At the center of the nebula, we find a quasi-radial magnetic field pattern that is aligned with the explosive CO outflow up to a radius of approximately 12″ (∼5000 au), beyond which the pattern smoothly transitions into a quasi-hourglass shape resembling the morphology seen in larger-scale observations by the James-Clerk-Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). We estimate an average magnetic field strength

mG and a total magnetic energy of 2 × 1045 erg, which is three orders of magnitude less than the energy in the explosive CO outflow. We conclude that the field has been overwhelmed by the outflow and that a shock is propagating from the center of the nebula, where the shock front is seen in the magnetic field lines at a distance of ∼5000 au from the explosion center.
Discovery of a Candidate Hypervelocity Star Originating from the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
Authors: Huang Yang , Li Qingzheng , Zhang Huawei , Li Xinyi , Sun Weixiang , Chang Jiang , Dong Xiaobo , Liu Xiaowei
Published: February 2021

In this Letter, we report the discovery of an intriguing hypervelocity star (HVS; J1443+1453) candidate that is probably from the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal galaxy (Sgr dSph). The star is an old and very metal-poor low-mass main-sequence turn-off star (age ∼14.0 Gyr and [Fe/H] = −2.23 dex) and has a total velocity of

km s−1 in the Galactic rest frame and a heliocentric distance of

kpc. The velocity of J1443+1453 is larger than the escape speed at its position, suggesting that it is a promising HVS candidate. By reconstructing its trajectory in the Galactic potential, we find that the orbit of J1443+1453 intersects closely with that of Sgr dSph

Myr ago, when the latter has its latest pericentric passage through the Milky Way. The encounter occurs at a distance

kpc from the center of Sgr dSph, a distance that is smaller than the size of the Sgr dSph. The chemical properties of this star are also consistent with those of an Sgr dSph-associated globular cluster, or of the Sgr stream member stars. Our finding suggests that J1443+1453 is an HVS that is either tidally stripped from the Sgr dSph or ejected from the Sgr dSph by the gravitational slingshot effect, requiring a (central) massive/intermediate-mass black hole or a (central) massive primordial black hole in the Sgr dSph.
The Causes of Leakage Deviations from sinc Function in DFT and Ways to Minimize Them
Authors: Hajek K.
Published: February 2021

The article describes a new model for the solution of the instability problem of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spectra leakage for the incoherent real sinusoidal signal for solving the most accurate estimation of its frequency. This paper shows this phenomenon by a new form of DFT spectrum expression. It consists mainly of the spectrum of the rectangular signal in the form of the sinc function, modulated to the frequency of the tested signal in baseband. To do this, analogous spectra from other neighboring bands formed by the sampling effect are added as aliasing. The analysis shows some ways to minimize or correct it. The paper shows a simpler and substantially lesser effect of aliasing in the DFT spectrum for a complex valued sinusoidal signal.
Analysis of Pilot’s Cognitive Overload Changes during the Flight
Authors: Galant-Gołębiewska M. , Zawada W. , Maciejewska M.
Published: February 2021

In this article, the research aimed at determining the impact of the intensification of actions on the pilot’s cognitive load in a simulated flight is presented. The tests were divided into two groups: pre-flight verification tests and flight tests of increasing intensity. The work was carried out at flight simulator CKAS MotionSim5. Based on the collected data, it has been proved that along with the intensification of the tasks imposed on the pilot, the level of his cognitive load also increases. Further inference leads to the conclusion that cognitive overload is one of the main reasons for pilots’ mistakes. The linear relationship between experience and cognitive load has also been proven in the studied group.
The Method of Proactive Risk Assessment for Flight Safety Based on the Rate of Dangerous Events
Authors: Honcharenko Y. , Martyniuk O. , Radko O. , Open'ko P.
Published: February 2021

This publication is devoted to the issues of risk assessment in the safety management system of military aviation. The method of proactive assessment of risks to flight safety based on the number of dangerous events, which is based on correlation-regression analysis, provides an opportunity to predict the conditions that contribute to the occurrence of accidents. Studies conducted with this method have confirmed the dependence of the number of aviation accidents and serious incidents on incidents recorded for different groups of reasons, as well as on the intensity of flight activities. The obtained results can provide initial data for quantitative risk assessment in the safety management system of military aviation. The implementation of such an approach is appropriate in safety management systems in the transition phase from active to proactive approaches, until a sufficient information database on hazards is accumulated.
Synthesis and anticancer properties of 5-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-ylcarboxilic acids
Authors: Horishny Volodymyr , Chaban Taras , Matiychuk Vasyl
Published: February 2021

The reaction of 1H-benzoimidazole-2-carbaldehyde with 4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-ylcarboxilic acids was studied and the combinatorial library of 5-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-ylcarboxilic acids has been prepared. The structures of target compounds 8a-f, 9 and 10a, b were confirmed by using 1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were selected by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Developmental Therapeutic Program for the in vitro cell line screening to investigate their anticancer activity. The tested compounds displayed a weak to medium anticancer activity. The most sensitive cell lines turned out to be SNB-75 of CNS Cancer (GP = 74.84–85.73%) and UO-31, Renal cancer (GP = 71.53–82.16%) and to compound 10a K-562 Leukemia cell lines (GP = 57.14).

Graphical abstract
Conservation of saproxylic beetles in the Carpathians
Authors: Mirea Marian , Manolache Steluta , Pioarca-Ciocanea Cristiana , Nita Andreea , Miu Iulia , Popescu Viorel , Brodie Bekka , Dragomir Matei , Militaru Ion , Chiriac Silviu , Rozylowicz Laurentiu
Published: February 2021

Romanian Carpathians are considered a biodiversity hotspot in Europe, with large forested areas, including old-growth forests. Past forestry practices, such as selective logging resulting in forest high grading and removal of ancient or decaying trees, reduced the heterogeneity of forest structure and composition. These practices led to forest habitats with few veteran trees and a small amount of deadwood, which protected saproxylic beetles rely on for completing their complex life cycles. Moreover, saproxylic species are considered pest species under traditional forestry practices, as they reduce the value of timber. As such, Romanian forestry practices have actively sought to reduce the amount of deadwood in an effort to decrease the presence of saproxylic species, thus effectively isolating stands with a high diversity of saproxylic beetles.

The European Commission will finance the project LIFE19 NAT/RO/000023 Conservation of saproxylic beetles in the Carpathians LIFE ROsalia. The project aims to stop and reverse the loss of protected saproxylic beetles (Rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina, the hermit beetle Osmoderma eremita, great capricorn beetle Cerambyx cerdo, grey beetle Morimus funereus, and stag beetle Lucanus cervus) in the Carpathians by demonstrating conservation actions for increasing the connectivity of favorable habitats in the ROSCI0208 Putna-Vrancea (Eastern Carpathians, Romania), and transferring and replicating best management practices in other Romanian Natura 2000 sites.

LIFE ROsalia will be implemented between 2020 and 2025 by the Environmental Protection Agency Vrancea, the Center for Environmental Research at the University of Bucharest, the Putna-Vrancea Natural Park Administration, and the Association for Biodiversity Conservation.
Dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) from Mananciais da Serra, a Tropical-Araucaria Forest ecotonal remnant in the southern Atlantic Forest, state of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Araujo Breno Rodrigo , Pinto Ângelo Parise
Published: February 2021

This study provides a comprehensive checklist of Odonata species from the protected area of Mananciais da Serra. The survey was conducted in the endangered Atlantic Forest domain at the southern Serra do Mar mountain chain within a well-preserved area in the municipality of Piraquara, state of Paraná, Brazil. Adults and larvae were sampled between June 2017 and March 2020 using different techniques in numerous mesohabitats, including phytotelmata, pools, small streams, and large reservoirs. A total of 1,708 specimens from 9 families, 43 genera and 84 species were sampled resulting in 53 new records for the state of Paraná, almost doubling the known occurrence records for dragonflies and damselflies in that state. Furthermore, two hitherto undescribed females from the generaPlaniplaxandHeteragrion, four ultimate stadium larvae fromPlaniplax,Neocordulia,Heteragrion, andAcanthagrion, and five undescribed species were detected, one each from the generaHeteragrion,Progomphus,Brechmorhoga,Erythrodiplax, andDasythemis. The estimated richness of odonates in this area is greater than 100 species, while the observed richness corresponding to almost 10% of all Odonata species in Brazil, the species-richest country in the world. These results reiterate the need to investigate undersampled areas to improve knowledge on diversity, taxonomy, and distribution of neotropical species. Finally, taxonomic notes for some species, including the rare corduliidNeocordulia mambucabensisCosta & T.C. Santos, 2000, are provided.
Pascal, Caussin et l’astronomie moralisée. Note sur une citation dans les Pensées
Authors: Piqué Barbara
Published: February 2021

L’auteur s’interroge sur une citation latine dans les Pensées de Pascal, comprise dans les fragments préparatoires aux Provinciales (S. 796). La source est un passage des Astronomica du poète astronome stoïcien Marcus Manilius, qui connurent une large diffusion aux xvi e et xvii e  siècles. Pascal, toutefois, modifie le texte. Or, les mêmes vers de Manilius avaient été transformés par le jésuite Nicolas Caussin dans les pages de La Cour Sainte (1627) consacrées à Clotilde. Le présent article analyse les différentes significations morales que ces deux réécritures imposent aux vers de Manilius.
De l’utilité de l’enseignement de Tacite dans une Espagne en crise selon Baltasar Álamos de Barrientos
Authors: Oïffer-Bomsel Alicia
Published: February 2021

Le jurisconsulte castillan Baltasar Álamos de Barrientos (1556-1644) se distingue, parmi les écrivains politiques du baroque espagnol, par l’édification d’une science politique qui résulte de la combinaison entre l’expérience des affaires publiques et la connaissance de l’histoire, et dont les principes sont énoncés sous forme d’aphorismes. Cela se manifeste dans le Tácito español ilustrado con aforismos (1614), que l’auteur élabore en se fondant sur l’œuvre de l’historiographe latin. Cet ouvrage, contenant des principes relatifs à la politique intérieure et extérieure, trouve un champ d’application dans la réalité décrite dans le Discurso político al rey Felipe III al comienzo de su reinado (1598), où l’auteur développe ses préconisations en matière de gouvernement, afin de remédier à la crise dont souffre l’Espagne à l’époque charnière entre la Renaissance et le Baroque.
La mort passée
Authors: Vernet-Sévenier Anne
Published: February 2021

Savoir de la mort impossible, affirme Freud. « Chose » qui nous regarde, dit Lacan. La première expérience-limite (Zaltzman) est la naissance. L’emi sous coma en réactive le chaos originaire (Aulagnier), mettant l’inconscient temporairement « à ciel ouvert » (Soler). On suppose qu’il s’agit de la relance des fonctions psychiques, une fois le risque létal évité. Si la naissance s’origine dans l’arrêt de la vie fœtale, on déduira que la relance du psychisme se réinstaure à partir de cet originaire, associant le trauma pré/natal à la restauration du sujet. Cette intrication à la fois anxiogène et extatique serait projetée sur la mort dans le fantasme « emi ».
Soutien psychologique spécifique aux intervenants funéraires après les attentats de Paris du 13 novembre 2015
Authors: Mauro Cynthia
Published: February 2021

Le 13 novembre 2015, le cœur de Paris est touché par les attentats les plus meurtriers de son histoire. Les professionnels des Services Funéraires de la Ville de Paris figurent parmi les primo intervenants de cet événement dont la violence est inaugurale dans la recherche et la préservation des corps des personnes décédées sur les différents sites, les transferts vers l’Institut de Médecine Légale et les funérariums, l’organisation des funérailles, puis l’accompagnement des familles brutalement endeuillées. L’onde de choc psychologique chez ces intervenants habilités et expérimentés, et les modalités de prise en charge spécifique des vécus émotionnels individuels et collectifs en phase immédiate et post-immédiate sont ici analysés.