bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marine heatwaves exacerbate climate change impacts for fisheries in the northeast Pacific
Authors: Cheung William W. L. , Frölicher Thomas L.
Published: April 2020

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have occurred in all ocean basins with severe negative impacts on coastal and ocean ecosystems. The northeast Pacific 2013–2015 MHW in particular received major societal concerns. Yet, our knowledge about how MHWs impact fish stocks is limited. Here, we combine outputs from a large ensemble simulation of an Earth system model with a fish impact model to simulate responses of major northeast Pacific fish stocks to MHWs. We show that MHWs cause biomass decrease and shifts in biogeography of fish stocks that are at least four times faster and bigger in magnitude than the effects of decadal-scale mean changes throughout the 21st century. With MHWs, we project a doubling of impact levels by 2050 amongst the most important fisheries species over previous assessments that focus only on long-term climate change. Our results underscore the additional challenges from MHWs for fisheries and their management under climate change.
Impact of cooking oil fume exposure and fume extractor use on lung cancer risk in non-smoking Han Chinese women
Authors: Chen Tzu-Yu , Fang Yao-Hwei , Chen Hui-Ling , Chang Chin-Hao , Huang Hsin , Chen Yi-Song , Liao Kuo-Meng , Wu Hsiao-Yu , Chang Gee-Chen , Tsai Ying-Huang , Wang Chih-Liang , Chen Yuh-Min , Huang Ming-Shyan , Su Wu-Chou , Yang Pan-Chyr , Chen Chien-Jen , Hsiao Chin-Fu , Hsiung Chao A.
Published: April 2020

Smoking tobacco is the major risk factor for developing lung cancer. However, most Han Chinese women with lung cancer are nonsmokers. Chinese cooking methods usually generate various carcinogens in fumes that may inevitably be inhaled by those who cook the food, most of whom are female. We investigated the associations of cooking habits and exposure to cooking fumes with lung cancer among non-smoking Han Chinese women. This study was conducted on 1,302 lung cancer cases and 1,302 matched healthy controls in Taiwan during 2002–2010. Two indices, “cooking time-years” and “fume extractor use ratio,” were developed. The former was used to explore the relationship between cumulative exposure to cooking oil fumes and lung cancer; the latter was used to assess the impact of fume extractor use for different ratio-of-use groups. Using logistic models, we found a dose–response association between cooking fume exposure and lung cancer (odds ratios of 1, 1.63, 1.67, 2.14, and 3.17 across increasing levels of cooking time-years). However, long-term use of a fume extractor in cooking can reduce the risk of lung cancer by about 50%. Furthermore, we provide evidence that cooking habits, involving cooking methods and oil use, are associated with risk of lung cancer.
Transcriptional analyses of differential cultivars during resistant and susceptible interactions with Peronospora effusa, the causal agent of spinach downy mildew
Authors: Kandel Shyam L. , Hulse-Kemp Amanda M. , Stoffel Kevin , Koike Steven T. , Shi Ainong , Mou Beiquan , Van Deynze Allen , Klosterman Steven J.
Published: April 2020

Downy mildew of spinach is caused by the obligate oomycete pathogen, Peronospora effusa. The disease causes significant economic losses, especially in the organic sector of the industry where the use of synthetic fungicides is not permitted for disease control. New pathotypes of this pathogen are increasingly reported which are capable of breaking resistance. In this study, we took advantage of new spinach genome resources to conduct RNA-seq analyses of transcriptomic changes in leaf tissue of resistant and susceptible spinach cultivars Solomon and Viroflay, respectively, at an early stage of pathogen establishment (48 hours post inoculation, hpi) to a late stage of symptom expression and pathogen sporulation (168 hpi). Fold change differences in gene expression were recorded between the two cultivars to identify candidate genes for resistance. In Solomon, the hypersensitive inducible genes such as pathogenesis-related gene PR-1, glutathione-S-transferase, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase and peroxidase were significantly up-regulated uniquely at 48 hpi and genes involved in zinc finger CCCH protein, glycosyltransferase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase homologs, receptor-like protein kinases were expressed at 48 hpi through 168 hpi. The types of genes significantly up-regulated in Solomon in response to the pathogen suggests that salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways mediate resistance. Furthermore, many genes involved in the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid pathways were highly expressed in Viroflay compared to Solomon at 168 hpi. As anticipated, an abundance of significantly down-regulated genes was apparent at 168 hpi, reflecting symptom development and sporulation in cultivar Viroflay, but not at 48 hpi. In the pathogen, genes encoding RxLR-type effectors were expressed during early colonization of cultivar Viroflay while crinkler-type effector genes were expressed at the late stage of the colonization. Our results provide insights on gene expression in resistant and susceptible spinach-P. effusa interactions, which can guide future studies to assess candidate genes necessary for downy mildew resistance in spinach.
Focal lamina cribrosa defects are not associated with steep lamina cribrosa curvature but with choroidal microvascular dropout
Authors: Lee Seung Hyen , Kim Tae-Woo , Lee Eun Ji , Girard Michaël J. A. , Mari Jean Martial
Published: April 2020

Focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defects have been found to play an important role in the development and progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. However, the mechanism of generation of focal LC defects is largely unknown. This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate LC curvature and the frequency of parapapillary choroidal microvascular dropout (MvD) in glaucomatous eyes with focal LC defects. This study was conducted by a retrospective review of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) included in an ongoing prospective study being performed at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (Investigating Glaucoma Progression Study). A total of 118 eyes of 118 patients with POAG, 59 with and 59 without focal LC defects, with eyes matched by age, axial length, and severity of visual field (VF) damage were included. Posterior LC bowing was assessed by calculating LC curvature index (LCCI), as the inflection of a curve representing a section of the LC, on the optic nerve head images obtained by enhanced-depth-imaging (EDI) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). MvD was detected by OCT angiography. LCCI and MvD frequency were compared between eyes with and without focal LC defects. Mean LCCI was significantly smaller than in eyes with than without focal LC defects (9.75 ± 1.29 vs. 11.25 ± 1.39, P < 0.001). MvD was significantly more frequent in eyes with than without focal LC defects (84.7% vs. 49.2%, P < 0.001). MvD in eyes with focal LC defects showed a strong topographic correlation with the focal LC defects. These findings suggest that focal LC defects may primarily result from vascular factors rather than from mechanical strain.
Rebaudioside affords hepatoprotection ameliorating sugar sweetened beverage- induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Xi Dong , Bhattacharjee Jashdeep , Salazar-Gonzalez Rosa-Maria , Park Soyoung , Jang Alice , Warren Mikako , Merritt Russell , Michail Sonia , Bouret Sebastien , Kohli Rohit
Published: April 2020

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is a known independent risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) are food additives providing sweetness without calories and are considered safe and/or not metabolized by the liver. The potential role of newer NCS in the regulation of NASH, however, remain unknown. Our study aimed to determine the impact of newer NCS including Rebaudioside A and sucralose on NASH using high fat diet induced obesity mouse model by substituting fructose and sucrose with NCS in the drinking water. We characterized the phenotype of NCS- treated obesity and investigated the alterations of hepatic function and underlying mechanisms. We found that NCS have no impact on weight gain and energy balance in high fat diet induced obesity. However, in comparison to fructose and sucrose, Rebaudioside A significantly improved liver enzymes, hepatic steatosis and hepatic fibrosis. Additionally, Rebaudioside A improved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related gene expressions, fasting glucose levels, insulin sensitivity and restored pancreatic islet cell mass, neuronal innervation and microbiome composition. We concluded that Rebaudioside A significantly ameliorated murine NASH, while the underlying mechanisms requires further investigation.
The novel E. coli cell division protein, YtfB, plays a role in eukaryotic cell adhesion
Authors: Bottomley Amy L. , Peterson Elizabeth , Iosifidis Gregory , Yong Adeline Mei Hui , Hartley-Tassell Lauren E. , Ansari Shirin , McKenzie Chris , Burke Catherine , Duggin Iain G. , Kline Kimberly A. , Harry Elizabeth J.
Published: April 2020

Characterisation of protein function based solely on homology searches may overlook functions under specific environmental conditions, or the possibility of a protein having multiple roles. In this study we investigated the role of YtfB, a protein originally identified in a genome-wide screen to cause inhibition of cell division, and has demonstrated to localise to the Escherichia coli division site with some degree of glycan specificity. Interestingly, YtfB also shows homology to the virulence factor OapA from Haemophilus influenzae, which is important for adherence to epithelial cells, indicating the potential of additional function(s) for YtfB. Here we show that E. coli YtfB binds to N’acetylglucosamine and mannobiose glycans with high affinity. The loss of ytfB results in a reduction in the ability of the uropathogenic E. coli strain UTI89 to adhere to human kidney cells, but not to bladder cells, suggesting a specific role in the initial adherence stage of ascending urinary tract infections. Taken together, our results suggest a role for YtfB in adhesion to specific eukaryotic cells, which may be additional, or complementary, to its role in cell division. This study highlights the importance of understanding the possible multiple functions of proteins based on homology, which may be specific to different environmental conditions.
Establishment and characterization of a cell line and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) from peritoneal metastasis of low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: De Thaye Elien , Van de Vijver Koen , Van der Meulen Joni , Taminau Joachim , Wagemans Glenn , Denys Hannelore , Van Dorpe Jo , Berx Geert , Ceelen Wim , Van Bocxlaer Jan , De Wever Olivier
Published: April 2020

Peritoneal spread indicates poor prognosis in patients with serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) and is generally treated by surgical cytoreduction and chemotherapy. Novel treatment options are urgently needed to improve patient outcome. Clinically relevant cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are of critical importance to therapeutic regimen evaluation. Here, a PDX model was established, by orthotopic engraftment after subperitoneal tumor slurry injection of low-grade SOC, resulting in an early-stage transplantable peritoneal metastasis (PM)-PDX model. Histology confirmed the micropapillary and cribriform growth pattern with intraluminal tumor budding and positivity for PAX8 and WT1. PM-PDX dissociated cells show an epithelial morphotype with a 42 h doubling time and 40% colony forming efficiency, they are low sensitive to platinum derivatives and highly sensitive to paclitaxel (IC50: 6.3 ± 2.2 nM, mean ± SEM). The patient primary tumor, PM, PM-PDX and derived cell line all show a KRAS c.35 G > T (p.(Gly12Val)) mutation and show sensitivity to the MEK inhibitor trametinib in vitro (IC50: 7.2 ± 0.5 nM, mean ± SEM) and in the PM mouse model. These preclinical models closely reflecting patient tumors are useful to further elucidate LGSOC disease progression, therapy response and resistance mechanisms.
Smooth-muscle-derived WNT5A augments allergen-induced airway remodelling and Th2 type inflammation
Authors: Koopmans Tim , Hesse Laura , Nawijn Martijn C. , Kumawat Kuldeep , Menzen Mark H. , Sophie T. Bos I. , Smits Ron , Bakker Elvira R. M. , van den Berge Maarten , Koppelman Gerard H. , Guryev Victor , Gosens Reinoud
Published: April 2020

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic inflammation and structural changes in the airways. The airway smooth muscle (ASM) is responsible for airway narrowing and an important source of inflammatory mediators. We and others have previously shown that WNT5A mRNA and protein expression is higher in the ASM of asthmatics compared to healthy controls. Here, we aimed to characterize the functional role of (smooth muscle-derived) WNT5A in asthma. We generated a tet-ON smooth-muscle-specific WNT5A transgenic mouse model, enabling in vivo characterization of smooth-muscle-derived WNT5A in response to ovalbumin. Smooth muscle specific WNT5A overexpression showed a clear trend towards enhanced actin (α-SMA) expression in the ASM in ovalbumin challenged animals, but had no effect on collagen content. WNT5A overexpression in ASM also significantly enhanced the production of the Th2-cytokines IL4 and IL5 in lung tissue after ovalbumin exposure. In line with this, WNT5A increased mucus production, and enhanced eosinophilic infiltration and serum IgE production in ovalbumin-treated animals. In addition, CD4+ T cells of asthma patients and healthy controls were stimulated with WNT5A and changes in gene transcription assessed by RNA-seq. WNT5A promoted expression of 234 genes in human CD4+ T cells, among which the Th2 cytokine IL31 was among the top 5 upregulated genes. IL31 was also upregulated in response to smooth muscle-specific WNT5A overexpression in the mouse. In conclusion, smooth-muscle derived WNT5A augments Th2 type inflammation and remodelling. Our findings imply a pro-inflammatory role for smooth muscle-derived WNT5A in asthma, resulting in increased airway wall inflammation and remodelling.
Estimation of Industrial Emissions during Pyrolysis and Combustion of Different Wastes Using Laboratory Data
Authors: Conesa Juan A. , Ortuño Núria , Palmer Damià
Published: April 2020

In our lab, we have been studying the emissions of different pollutants during pyrolysis and combustion of wastes under different conditions for the last three decades. These studies have focused on the effect of temperature and presence of oxygen on the production of different pollutants. Waste decomposition has been studied in a horizontal laboratory scale reactor, but no estimate has been made of the actual emissions in a conventional thermal decomposition system. In the present study, emissions during these wastes’ thermal decomposition were estimated using Aspen HYSYS. In the simulation software, the waste composition (elemental analysis) was given as an input parameter, as well as the gas flow rate used as atmosphere during the decomposition. The emitted hydrocarbons measured in the laboratory were equated to the emission of a single compound (propylene). The simulation permitted calculating the percentage of oxygen in the emitted gas, and the pollutant emissions were then recalculated under standard conditions. The emission of dioxins and furans were estimated under different conditions of decomposition, and an adequate approximation of the waste decomposition in actual incineration systems could be obtained.
Author Correction: A cross-sectional study to characterize local HIV-1 dynamics in Washington, DC using next-generation sequencing
Authors: Gibson Keylie M. , Jair Kamwing , Castel Amanda D. , Bendall Matthew L. , Wilbourn Brittany , Jordan Jeanne A. , Crandall Keith A. , Pérez-Losada Marcos ,   the DC Cohort Executive Committee, Subramanian Thilakavathy , Binkley Jeffery , Taylor Rob , Rayeed Nabil , Akridge Cheryl , Purinton Stacey , Naughton Jeff , Rakhmanina Natella , D’Angelo Larry , Kharfen Michael , Wood Angela , Serlin Michael , Kumar Princy , Parenti David , Greenberg Alan , Monroe Anne , Happ Lindsey Powers , Jaurretche Maria , Peterson James , Wilcox Ronald D , Rana Sohail , Horberg Michael A , Fernández Ricardo , Hebou Annick , Dieffenbach Carl , Masur Henry , Bordon Jose , Teferi Gebeyehu , Benator Debra , Ruiz Maria Elena , Goldstein Deborah , Hardy David
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Operando XANES from first-principles and its application to iridium oxide
Authors: Nattino Francesco , Marzari Nicola
Published: April 2020

Density-functional theory calculations augmented with a continuum description of the electrochemical environment are implemented to simulated X-ray absorption spectra as a function of the applied potential.
Radical chemistry in oxidation flow reactors for atmospheric chemistry research
Authors: Peng Zhe , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: April 2020

We summarize the studies on the chemistry in oxidation flow reactor and discuss its atmospheric relevance.
A systematic analysis of excitonic properties to seek optimal singlet fission: the BN-substitution patterns in tetracene
Authors: Pinheiro Max , Machado Francisco B. C. , Plasser Felix , Aquino Adélia J. A. , Lischka Hans
Published: April 2020

A fine tunning of the energy levels relevant for singlet fission is attainable by doping tetracene with a nitrogen–boron pair.
Smart lanthanide antennas for sensing water
Authors: Fueyo-González Francisco , Garcia-Fernandez Emilio , Martínez David , Infantes Lourdes , Orte Angel , González-Vera Juan A. , Herranz Rosario
Published: April 2020

8-Methoxy-4,5-dihydrocyclopenta[de]quinolin-2(1H)-one and quinolin-2(1H)-one phosphonate and carboxylate derivatives are selective antennas exhibiting Eu3+ and Tb3+ luminescence, and highly sensitive water sensors.
Triflyl-assisted reductive Pd-catalyzed Tsuji–Trost type reaction
Authors: Lázaro-Milla Carlos , Quirós M. Teresa , Cárdenas Diego J. , Almendros Pedro
Published: April 2020

A palladium-catalyzed hydrodetriflylation reaction using water as a convenient hydrogen source has allowed the preparation of novel (triflyl)cyclobutenes from readily available precursors.
MIL-88A@polyoxometalate microrods as an advanced anode for high-performance lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Xiangchen , Niu Guiling , Yang Hongxun , Ma Jiaojiao , Sun Mengfei , Xu Minghang , Xiong Weiwei , Yang Tongyi , Chen Lizhuang , Wang Changhua
Published: April 2020

New MIL-88A@polyoxometalates microrods have been constructed via a simple one-step hydrothermal method, exhibiting the improved lithium storage capacity, rate performance and cycling stability.
Penning spectroscopy and structure of acetylene oligomers in He nanodroplets
Authors: Mandal S. , Gopal R. , Shcherbinin M. , D’Elia A. , Srinivas H. , Richter R. , Coreno M. , Bapat B. , Mudrich M. , Krishnan S. R. , Sharma V.
Published: April 2020

Penning spectroscopy of acetylene molecules dissolved in superfluid He nanodroplets reveals the loosely held molecular aggregate collapsing into a covalently bound oligomer ion upon indirect ionization effected by the photoexcited He* in the host.
Quantum electrocatalysts: theoretical picture, electrochemical kinetic isotope effect analysis, and conjecture to understand microscopic mechanisms
Authors: Sakaushi Ken
Published: April 2020

The fundamental aspects of quantum electrocatalysts are discussed together with the newly developed electrochemical kinetic isotope effect (EC-KIE) approach.
Probing dynamics of carbon dioxide in a metal–organic framework under high pressure by high-resolution solid-state NMR
Authors: Inukai Munehiro , Kurihara Takuya , Noda Yasuto , Jiang Weiming , Takegoshi Kiyonori , Ogiwara Naoki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Nakamura Koichi
Published: April 2020

We performed high-resolution solid-state NMR analyses for CO2 molecules adsorbed in MOF-74 under high pressure conditions.
MOFs based on 1D structural sub-domains with Brønsted acid and redox active sites as effective bi-functional catalysts
Authors: Moreno José María , Velty Alexandra , Díaz Urbano
Published: April 2020

Low-dimensional MOF-type catalysts containing Brønsted acid and redox active sites, based on assembled 1D organic–inorganic nanoribbons, for one-pot two-step reactions.
NHC–Au(i) complexes bearing trispyrazolyl borate (Tp) ligands: efficient platforms for bimetallic species
Authors: Ángel-Jijón Carlos , Rendón-Nava David , Vazques-Pérez Jose M. , Álvarez-Hernández Alejandro , Mendoza-Espinosa Daniel , Salazar-Pereda Verónica
Published: April 2020

Treatment of NHC–AuCl (NHC = IPr and IMes) complexes with equimolar amounts of KTpR2 (R = Me, H) salts in tetrahydrofuran produces in high yields the heteroleptic complexes 3–6 with the general formula NHC–Au–TpR2.
Coordination polymers of alkali metal cyclosiloxazanides with one- and two-dimensional structures
Authors: Jost Maximilian , Richter Roman-Malte , Balmer Markus , Peters Bertram , Dankert Fabian , von Hänisch Carsten
Published: April 2020

One- and two-dimensional networks of alkali metal ions and silicon-based ligands were synthesised and structurally characterised.
Synthesis and characterisation of Co(iii) complexes of N-formyl hydroxylamines and antibacterial activity of a Co(iii) peptide deformylase inhibitor complex
Authors: Kozsup Máté , Keogan Donal M. , Fitzgerald-Hughes Deirdre , Enyedy Éva A. , Twamley Brendan , Buglyó Péter , Griffith Darren M.
Published: April 2020

Bidentate (O,O′) N-formylhydroxylamine chelation of Co(iii) centres and notable antibacterial activity of a Co(iii) peptide deformylase inhibitor complex against sensitive and resistant strains of S. aureus.
In situcarbon-supported titanium dioxide (ICS-TiO2) as an electrode material for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Singh Balwant Kumar , Soam Ankur , Parida Smrutiranjan , Sahajwalla Veena , Bhargava Parag
Published: April 2020

Supercapacitors have attracted significant attention in the last few years as they have the capability to fulfill the demand for both power and energy density in many energy storage applications.
The mixture effect on ionic selectivity and permeability of nanotubes
Authors: Wang Mao , Shen Wenhao , Wang Xue , Zhang Gehui , Zhao Shuang , Liu Feng
Published: April 2020

Selective ion transport deteriorates in mixed salt solutions. This mixture effect originates from the increased or relatively less decreased permeability of lower permeable ions due to their reduced preferential adsorption on the charged nanotubes.
Size-dependent melting point depression of nickel nanoparticles
Authors: van Teijlingen Alexander , Davis Sean A. , Hall Simon R.
Published: April 2020

The melting point depression as a function of size has not been determined experimentally (orange line) for nickel before. This figure shows our results compared with molecular dynamic (blue) and thermodynamic (black, red, green) models.
Nonlinear ion drift-diffusion memristance description of TiO2RRAM devices
Authors: Alialy Sahar , Esteki Koorosh , Ferreira Mauro S. , Boland John J. , Gomes da Rocha Claudia
Published: April 2020

The nature and direction of the hysteresis in memristive devices is critical to device operation and performance and the ability to realise their potential in neuromorphic applications.
Unraveling the single-atom electrocatalytic activity of transition metal-doped phosphorene
Authors: Nair Akhil S. , Ahuja Rajeev , Pathak Biswarup
Published: April 2020

Single-atom catalysts based on transition metal-doped phosphorene feature excellent electrocatalytic activity towards ORR, OER and HER.
Lineshape characterization of excitons in monolayer WS2 by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Liang , Chen Chun-An , Zhang Zhuquan , Monahan Daniele M. , Lee Yi-Hsien , Fleming Graham R.
Published: April 2020

Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) provides dual perspectives for characterizing exciton lineshape in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), allowing discrimination of homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidths.
Synthesis and properties of chromophore-functionalized monovinylsilsesquioxane derivatives
Authors: Żak Patrycja , Bołt Małgorzata , Grzelak Magdalena , Rachuta Karolina , Dudziec Beata , Januszewski Rafał , Marciniec Bogdan , Marciniak Bronislaw
Published: April 2020

Herein, an effective and selective synthesis of chromophore-functionalized monovinylsilsesquioxane derivatives by a cross-metathesis reaction along with discussion of their photophysical and thermal resistance properties is disclosed.
Half-sandwich (η5-Cp*)Rh(iii) complexes of pyrazolated organo-sulfur/selenium/tellurium ligands: efficient catalysts for base/solvent free C–N coupling of chloroarenes under aerobic conditions
Authors: Sharma Charu , Srivastava Avinash Kumar , Sharma Kamal Nayan , Joshi Raj Kumar
Published: April 2020

Three new Rh(iii) complexes of organochalcogen (S/Se/Te) ligands were synthesized and along with a co-catalyst Cu(OAc)2, used for the base/solvent free catalysis of Buchwald type C–N coupling of amines and aryl chlorides under aerobic conditions.
Electrochemical synthesis of selenyl-dihydrofurans via anodic selenofunctionalization of allyl-naphthol/phenol derivatives and their anti-Alzheimer activity
Authors: Scheide Marcos R. , Schneider Alex R. , Jardim Guilherme A. M. , Martins Guilherme M. , Durigon Daniele C. , Saba Sumbal , Rafique Jamal , Braga Antonio L.
Published: April 2020

Herein, we report an eco-friendly, electrosynthetic approach for the intramolecular oxyselenylation of allyl-naphthol/phenol derivatives.
Photo-controlled RAFT polymerization mediated by organic/inorganic hybrid photoredox catalysts: enhanced catalytic efficiency
Authors: Wang Wulong , Zhong Sheng , Wang Guicheng , Cao Hongliang , Gao Yun , Zhang Weian
Published: April 2020

Photo-controlled RAFT polymerization mediated by an organic/inorganic hybrid photoredox catalyst (ZnTPP–POSS) was performed and showed enhanced catalytic efficiency compared with the ZnTPP photocatalyst.
An advanced composite with ultrafast photocatalytic performance for the degradation of antibiotics by natural sunlight without oxidizing the source over TMU-5@Ni–Ti LDH: mechanistic insight and toxicity assessment
Authors: Abazari Reza , Morsali Ali , Dubal Deepak P.
Published: April 2020

Pharmaceuticals are considered as emerging organic contaminants that have become a serious environmental problem, which endanger human health and environmental bio-diversity.
Polydopamine sacrificial layer mediated SiOx/C@C yolk@shell structure for durable lithium storage
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Hu Guangwu , Yu Qiang , Liu Zhenhui , Yu Chang , Wu Longsheng , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang
Published: April 2020

Yolk@shell structured SiOx/C@C has been constructed through a polydopamine sacrificial layer mediated strategy, and the SiOx/C@C displays high specific capacity and durable cyclability in lithium storage.
Organic–inorganic hybrid coating materials derived from renewable soybean oil and amino silanes
Authors: Luo Xuyang , Gao Fei , Chen Fengbiao , Cheng Qian , Zhao Jinze , Wei Xiao , Lin Cong , Zhong Jiang , Shen Liang
Published: April 2020

A novel coating material was synthesized in one-step comprising two reactions (an amine–acetoacetate reaction and an in situ sol–gel technique).
A molecular electron density theory study of the participation of tetrazines in aza-Diels–Alder reactions
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Ríos-Gutiérrez Mar , Pérez Patricia
Published: April 2020

The electron-withdrawing substituents on the tetrazine favour aza-Diels–Alder reactions towards nucleophilic ethylenes, but they do not react with electrophilic ethylenes.
Photocurrent generation by a photosystem I-NiO photocathode for a p-type biophotovoltaic tandem cell
Authors: Takekuma Yuya , Ikeda Nobuhiro , Kawakami Keisuke , Kamiya Nobuo , Nango Mamoru , Nagata Morio
Published: April 2020

Photosystem I-biophotovoltaics based on p-type dye-sensitized solar cells and a tandem cell was demonstrated.
Influence of alcohol treatments on properties of silk-fibroin-based films for highly optically transparent coating applications
Authors: Kaewpirom Supranee , Boonsang Siridech
Published: April 2020

This research presents a method to manufacture optically transparent silk-fibroin films with adjustable light diffusion and scattering via alcohol treatment.
Malononitrile-activated synthesis and anti-cholinesterase activity of styrylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Mahajan Sheena , Slathia Nancy , Nuthakki Vijay K. , Bharate Sandip B. , Kapoor Kamal K.
Published: April 2020

SQs displaying anti-Alzheimer activity is serendipitous. Malononitrile as a handle to facilitate nucleophilic attack has been applied for the first time for the easy access of SQs.
Organic electrosynthesis: from academia to industry
Authors: Leech Matthew C. , Garcia Anthony D. , Petti Alessia , Dobbs Adrian P. , Lam Kevin
Published: April 2020

The growing impetus to develop greener and more cost-efficient synthetic methods has prompted chemists to look for new ways to activate small organic molecules. In this review, we cover the most recent industrial developments in electrosynthesis.
Solvent effects leading to a variety of different 2D structures in the self-assembly of a crystalline-coil block copolymer with an amphiphilic corona-forming block
Authors: Song Shaofei , Yu Qing , Zhou Hang , Hicks Garion , Zhu Hu , Rastogi Chandresh Kumar , Manners Ian , Winnik Mitchell A.
Published: April 2020

A crystalline-coil block copolymer with an amphiphilic corona-forming block affords a variety of different 2D structures in different self-assembly media.
Computational chemistry experiments performed directly on a blockchain virtual computer
Authors: Hanson-Heine Magnus W. D. , Ashmore Alexander P.
Published: April 2020

Blockchain technology has had a substantial impact across multiple disciplines. This study proves that physical simulations can be performed entirely within a blockchain virtual machine. These simulations have improved reproducibility, provenance, and less potential for censorship.
Active noise experienced by a passive particle trapped in an active bath
Authors: Ye Simin , Liu Peng , Ye Fangfu , Chen Ke , Yang Mingcheng
Published: April 2020

We study the properties of active noise experienced by a passive particle harmonically trapped in an active bath. The active noise is shown to depend on the trap stiffness.
Predictive sliding‐mode congestion control for wireless access networks with singular and non‐singular control gain
Authors: Khoshnevisan Ladan , Liu Xinzhi , Salmasi Farzad R.
Published: April 2020

Transmission control protocol, in the transport layer of a network, can usually detect congestion after its occurrence. Therefore, designing a robust active queue management (RAQM) is imperative to prevent congestion along with being robust against wireless environment issues such as packet error rate and fading. Moreover, a communication network suffers from input delay as well as the state delay which is multiplied to the control input signal. The main contribution of the authors’ study is to design a predictive sliding mode control (PSMC) procedure as a RAQM to guarantee the input delay system stability and to regulate the queue length to the desired value. Firstly, a predictor is designed for the original system to obtain an input delay free model. Then, a RAQM is designed based on PSMC for the system with non‐singular and singular control gain. The disturbance observer ensures that the estimation error tends to zero. Unlike the prevalent procedures designed for the networks, the proposed method can avoid the singular gain problem in the control design. Furthermore, it can stabilise the system and can prevent congestion with robustness against external disturbances. Finally, the simulation results, obtained from SIMULINK and professional network simulator 2, confirm the analytical consequences.
Repetitive control design for vehicle lateral dynamics with state‐delay
Authors: Mohanapriya Saminathan , Sakthivel Rathinasamy , Almakhles Dhafer J.
Published: April 2020

In this work, the authors precisely concentrate on the subject of enhanced vehicle handling performance of the bicycle model with two‐degrees‐of‐freedom via improved‐equivalent‐input‐disturbance and repetitive control technique. To be specific, improved‐equivalent‐input‐disturbance estimator is inserted into the controller design for attenuating the effect of the crosswind in the considered vehicle system with state‐delay. A modified two‐dimensional repetitive control design is implemented for improving the accurate tracking performance of the considered model. In particular, by combining an improved‐equivalent‐input‐disturbance approach together with two‐dimensional modified repetitive control design, steering angles of front and rear wheels of the considered vehicle have been controlled in order to achieve the accurate tracking performance of the vehicle states. The criteria for the robust asymptotic stability on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory is developed by means of the sufficient conditions which are obtained in the form of linear‐matrix‐inequalities. Simultaneously, through these inequality conditions, the parameters of proposed improved‐equivalent‐input‐disturbance based repetitive control strategy are designed for improving the accurate tracking performance against the crosswind effect. Finally, simulation results are presented to show that the proposed control design is more effective when aperiodic disturbances occur.
Kernel‐based online learning for real‐time voltage control in distribution networks
Authors: Cupelli Lisette , Esteban Alejandro , Ponci Ferdinanda , Monti Antonello
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a new data‐driven voltage control approach for distribution networks based on kernel methods. Voltage control becomes more and more challenging due to the increased penetration of Distributed Generation (DG), bidirectional power flow and faster voltage dynamics. State‐of‐art strategies for voltage control rely on physics model‐based Optimal Power Flow (OPF) solutions, which can be implemented in a centralized or distributed manner. Nevertheless, such strategies require a detailed model of the network, and often lack scalability due to the large number of nodes and the limited communication infrastructure in distribution networks. In order to achieve real‐time voltage control in distribution networks of meshed and radial topology, this paper presents a data‐driven approach, which relies on local or regional measurements and does not require accurate models of the grid or an advanced communication infrastructure. Specifically, the proposed data‐driven approach uses functional stochastic gradient descent in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHSs), to learn the control strategies for Distributed Generation (DG) units in real‐time that lead to near‐optimal operation costs, while maintaining adequate voltage profiles in the network and alleviating congestions for time‐varying load and generation conditions.
Conundrum of fault detection in active hybrid AC–DC distribution networks
Authors: Negari Shahram , Xu David
Published: April 2020

Fault detection in hybrid AC–DC distribution networks is a challenging problem due to various sources of uncertainty and high degrees of complexity. A few well‐known sources that instil uncertainty in the system are stochasticity of energy injected by distributed energy resources, noisy or corrupt data, heterogeneity of agents, problems with the automated mapping of equipment connectivity, and partial knowledge of the system. This study presents a distinctive approach that draws upon the use of Bayesian belief network to overcome uncertainties. The key advantage of Bayesian inference methodology is its capability to leverage both causal and correlational data in formulating a plausible conclusion. The proposed method uses state variables produced by distributed state estimation along with data collected from self‐aware agents as the main sources of causal information. The rationale for using state estimation is its capability to overarch heterogeneity of AC and DC agents. It is shown that probabilistic graphical models can be employed successfully to detect faults in active hybrid distribution networks. An augmented version of IEEE 13‐bus network is utilised to simulate and verify the suitability and effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Connecting measurements of solar and stellar brightness variations
Authors: Nèmec N.-E. , Işık E. , Shapiro A. I. , Solanki S. K. , Krivova N. A. , Unruh Y.
Published: April 2020

Context. A comparison of solar and stellar brightness variations is hampered by the difference in spectral passbands that are used in observations, and also by the possible difference in the inclination of the solar and stellar rotation axes from the line of sight.

Aims. We calculate the rotational variability of the Sun as it would be measured in passbands used for stellar observations. In particular, we consider the filter systems used by the CoRoT, Kepler, TESS, and Gaia space missions. We also quantify the effect of the inclination of the rotation axis on the solar rotational variability.

Methods. We employed the spectral and total irradiance reconstruction (SATIRE) model to calculate solar brightness variations in different filter systems as observed from the ecliptic plane. We then combined the simulations of the surface distribution of the magnetic features at different inclinations using a surface flux transport model with the SATIRE calculations to compute the dependence of the variability on the inclination.

Results. For an ecliptic-bound observer, the amplitude of the solar rotational variability, as observed in the total solar irradiance (TSI), is 0.68 mmag (averaged over solar cycles 21–24). We obtained corresponding amplitudes in the Kepler (0.74 mmag), CoRoT (0.73 mmag), TESS (0.62 mmag), Gaia G (0.74 mmag), Gaia GRP (0.62 mmag), and Gaia GBP (0.86 mmag) passbands. Decreasing the inclination of the rotation axis decreases the rotational variability. For a sample of randomly inclined stars, the variability is on average 15% lower in all filter systems we considered. This almost compensates for the difference in amplitudes of the variability in TSI and Kepler passbands, making the amplitudes derived from the TSI records an ideal representation of the solar rotational variability for comparison to Kepler stars with unknown inclinations.

Conclusions. The TSI appears to be a relatively good measure of solar variability for comparisons with stellar measurements in the CoRoT, Kepler, TESS Gaia G, and Gaia GRP filters. Whereas the correction factors can be used to convert the variability amplitude from solar measurements into the values expected for stellar missions, the inclination affects the shapes of the light curves so that a much more sophisticated correction than simple scaling is needed to obtain light curves out of the ecliptic for the Sun.
CONFIDENCE: project description and main results
Authors: Raskob W. , Beresford N.A. , Duranova T. , Korsakissok I. , Mathieu A. , Montero M. , Müller T. , Turcanu C. , Woda C.
Published: April 2020

The project CONFIDENCE (COping with uNcertainties For Improved modelling and DEcision making in Nuclear emergenCiEs) performed research on identifying and reducing uncertainties in the release and post-release phases of an emergency. The project started in January 2017 as part of the European Joint Programme CONCERT. It brought together 31 partners from 18 countries and involved members of five European Radiation Protection Platforms namely ALLIANCE, EURADOS, MELODI, NERIS and SHARE. The work program included research on early phase modelling and monitoring considering weather, source term and monitoring uncertainties. Consideration of social, ethical and communication aspects was a key part of our activities. This comprised strategy development in the transition phase together with stakeholder interaction, understanding of the population and which uncertainties are relevant for decision-making. Finally, formal decision aiding techniques were investigated and tested.
Update Reanimation – präklinische Reanimation
Authors: Wnent Jan , Gräsner Jan-Thorsten , Maurer Holger
Published: April 2020

Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen gehören zu den häufigsten Todesursachen in der westlichen Welt. Daher ist der Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand ein gängiges Krankheitsbild im Rettungsdienst – aber auch eine der zeitkritischsten Entitäten in der Notfallmedizin. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die wesentlichen Maßnahmen im Rahmen der präklinischen Reanimation gemäß der aktuellen europäischen Leitlinie.
Aerobic Iron(III)-Catalyzed Direct Thiolation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine with Thiols
Authors: Shen Qun , Chen Huoji , Qin Ling , Wu Hui-bin , Weng Lidong
Published: April 2020

A novel and efficient iron(III)-catalyzed regioselective C-3 sulfenylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with thiols under oxygen atmosphere has been developed. The reaction proceeds in moderate to good yields with a broad range of substrates, providing a novel, efficient and green route for accessing synthetically useful C3-sulfenated imidazo-[1,2-a]pyridines. Moreover, the fluoride-containing C3-sulfenated imidazo-[1,2-a]pyridine 3ai exhibited superior anticancer activity and good safety profiles.
Biomechanical Comparison of Two Conical Coupling Plate Constructs for Cat Tibial Fracture Stabilization
Authors: MacArthur Sandra L. , Johnson Matthew D. , Lewis Daniel D.
Published: April 2020

Objective This study aimed to compare the biomechanical characteristics of two conical coupling plate (CCP) constructs in an ex vivo feline tibial fracture gap model.

Study Design Paired tibiae harvested from eight recently euthanatized cats were alternately assigned to one of two stabilization groups. One tibia was stabilized with a standard, 6-hole, 2.5-mm CCP and the contralateral tibia was stabilized with a 6-hole, 2.5-mm prototype CCP (pCCP). Non-destructive cyclic four-point craniocaudal bending, mediolateral bending and axial compression testing were performed, and stiffness was recorded. The specimens were then loaded to failure in axial compression, and yield and failure loads were recorded.

Results During non-destructive testing, the pCCP constructs were significantly stiffer than the CCP constructs in both modes of bending and axial loading. Both constructs demonstrated significantly greater craniocaudal bending stiffness compared with mediolateral bending. Yield load and failure load were significantly greater for the pCCP constructs.

Conclusion The augmented design of the pCCP yielded superior mechanical characteristics during both non-destructive and destructive testings compared with constructs employing standard CCP. The more rigid design of the pCCP suggests that this implant may be better at withstanding greater loads, particularly when applied in a bridging fashion, during the postoperative convalescence. Further investigations are warranted to prospectively evaluate the clinical performance of the pCCP.
Prescription Pattern of Primary Osteoarthritis in Tertiary Medical Centre
Authors: Kanneppady Sowmya Sham , Kanneppady Sham Kishor , Raghavan Vijaya , Oo Aung Myo , Lwin Ohn Mar
Published: April 2020

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the commonest joint/musculoskeletal disorders, affecting the middle aged and elderly, although younger people may be affected as a result of injury or overuse. The study aimed to analyze the data, evaluate the prescription pattern and rationality of the use of drugs in the treatment of primary OA with due emphasis on the available treatment regimens.

Materials and methods: Medical case records of patients suffering from primary OA attending the department of Orthopedics of a tertiary medical centre were the source of data. The study was carried out prospectively for a period of 20 months (from December 2012 to July 2014).

Results: 296 case records were collected in which the total number of drugs prescribed were 550. OA was more common in females (51.7%) and was more prevalent in the age group of 30–40 years (39%). Out of 550 drugs prescribed, Aceclofenac was the most frequently prescribed NSAID (29%) followed by Diclofenac (23%). Nimesulide and Paracetamol was the most commonly prescribed fixed dose combination (53). Among gastroprotectives, Ranitidine figured in 66 prescriptions. Glucocorticoids were prescribed orally and intraarticularly in 17 and 14 cases respectively. Dietary supplements like Calcium+Vitamin D (42) and Glucosamine Sulfate + Chondroitin Sulfate complex (19) were also prescribed.

Conclusion: The above study highlights the rational use of therapeutic agents for primary OA.
Knowledge on Vitamin D Deficiency among Antenatal Women in a
View to Prepare Information Guide Sheet
Authors: R. Anishlyn , Punnose Anna , Khonja Josephine , J. Shiji P , D'Silva Precilla
Published: April 2020

Vitamin D is essential to maintain bone health, playing a key role in bone mineralization. Severe vitamin D deficiency in children results in rickets. As stores of vitamin D in newborns are dependent on maternal vitamin D status, vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy leads to infant vitamin D deficiency and thus increases risk of rickets.

Objectives: To assess the knowledge regarding Vitamin D deficiency and to find the association of knowledge score and demographic variables.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive approach was adopted for this study. The study was conducted in OBG outpatient department of tertiary Hospital at Mangaluru. The study sample was 100 antenatal women. A knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data regarding knowledge on vitamin D deficiency.

Result: In this study 65% of antenatal women had average knowledge, 34% antenatal women had poor knowledge and single antenatal women had good knowledge on vitamin D deficiency. The knowledge in the area of complication to the fetus was 38%, knowledge in the other areas were daily requirements 56%, prevention 52% and signs and symptoms 48%.

Interpretation and conclusion: After conducting the study the result showed that, majority of the antenatal women had average knowledge regarding vitamin D deficiency. For further improvement of the knowledge, antenatal women were provided with an information guide sheet (pamphlet).
Opioids in the World of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery- A Review
Authors: C. Muraleemohan , Shetty Pratiksha , Roy Satadru , Prasad B. Rajendra
Published: April 2020

Pain control is one of the most difficult challenges in medicine and a key facet of disease management. The isolation of Morphine by Friedrich Sertürner in 1804 added an essential pharmacological tool in the treatment of pain and spawned the discovery of a new class of drugs known collectively as Opioid analgesics. To date, Morphine and other opioids remain essential analgesics for alleviating pain. However, their use is plagued by major side effects, such as analgesic tolerance (diminished pain-relieving effects), hyperalgesia (increased pain sensitivity), and drug dependence. Despite the potential side effects, opioids remain the pharmacological cornerstone of modern pain therapy. Opioids are particularly effective for treating acute moderate-to-severe pain after surgery or trauma. Just like other disciplines of Medicine, pain management is an integral part in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. The wide domain of diseases and the procedures involved in treating them, require profound analgesia for sound patient management. In order to achieve that , Opioid analgesics play a vital role for providing long term pain free period, thus enjoying a widespread use in this field. Critical to the employment of Opioid therapy are proper patient evaluation and use of comprehensive management strategies. If certain criteria are followed, administration of oral opioids may be a successful means of decreasing the patient's debilitating chronic pain to tolerable levels, enabling an improvement in the quality of life and return to function. This article is an attempt to review the commonly used opioids and their extensive application in routine maxillofacial surgery practice.