bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toremifene, an Alternative Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy, Is Better Than Tamoxifen in Breast Cancer Patients with CYP2D6*10 Mutant Genotypes
Authors: Li Xin , Li Zehao , Li Lin , Liu Tong , Qian Cheng , Ren Yanlv , Li Zhigao , Chen Kejin , Ji Dongchen , Zhang Ming , Wang Jinsong
Published: August 2023

Purpose Tamoxifen showed individual differences in efficacy under different CYP2D6*10 genotypes. Our study evaluated the prognosis of tamoxifen or toremifene in hormone receptor (HR)–positive breast cancer patients under different genotypes.Materials and Methods CYP2D6*10 genotypes of HR-positive breast cancer patients were determined by Sanger sequencing, and all the patients were divided into tamoxifen group or toremifene group.Results A total of 268 patients with HR-positive breast cancer were studied. The median follow-up time was 72.0 months (range, 5.0 to 88.0 months). Of these, 88 (32.9%), 114 (42.5%), and 66 (24.6%) patients had C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes, respectively. Among patients who received tamoxifen (n=176), the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate in patients with C/C and C/T genotype was better than that in patients with T/T genotype, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001 and p=0.030, respectively). In patients receiving toremifene, CYP2D6*10 genotype was not significantly associated with DFS (p=0.325). Regardless of genotypes, the 5-year DFS rate was higher in patients treated with toremifene than in patients with tamoxifen (91.3% vs. 80.0%, p=0.011). Compared with tamoxifen, toremifene remained an independent prognostic marker of DFS in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 0.422; p=0.021). For all the 180 patients with CYP2D6*10 C/T and T/T genotypes, the 5-year DFS rate was significantly higher in the toremifene group than in the tamoxifen group (90.8% vs. 70.1%, p=0.003).Conclusion Toremifene may be an alternative adjuvant endocrine therapy for patients with CYP2D6*10 mutant genotypes.
Multiple positive solutions for a Schrödinger-Poisson system with critical and supercritical growths
Authors: Lei Jun , Suo Hong-Min
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we are concerned with the following Schrödinger-Poisson system
$$
\begin{cases}
-\Delta u+u+\lambda\phi u= Q(x)|u|^{4}u+\mu
\dfrac{|x|^\beta}{1+|x|^\beta}|u|^{q-2}u&in \mathbb{R}^3,

-\Delta \phi=u^{2} &in \mathbb{R}^3,
\end{cases}
$$
where $0< \beta<3$, $6<q<6+2\beta$, $Q(x)$ is a positive continuous function
on $\mathbb{R}^3$, $\lambda,\mu>0$ are real parameters. By the variational
method and the Nehari method, we obtain that the system has $k$ positive
solutions.
Exact formulas in some boundary crossing problems
for integer-valued random walks
Authors: Lotov Vladimir Ivanovich
Published: August 2023

For a wide class of integer-valued random walks,
we obtain exact expressions for the distribution
of the first excess over level
and the corresponding renewal function
as well as for the distribution of the trajectory supremum
if it is finite.
We discuss possibilities of obtaining explicit expressions
for pre-stationary and stationary distributions
of a random walk with switchings at the strip boundaries.
The research is based on the factorization representations
for the double moment generating functions of the distributions under study.
Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Schistosoma mansoni among Schoolchildren across Altitudinal Gradients in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Abie Alehegn , Hailu Tadesse , Alemu Getaneh , Nibret Endalkachew , Amor Arancha , Munshea Abaineh
Published: August 2023

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and Schistosoma mansoni infections are common parasitic infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Their distributions vary across altitudes in Ethiopia. Hence, ongoing updates of infection risk factors and prevalence data are necessary for successful intervention. A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2019 involving 530 schoolchildren who were recruited by systematic random sampling from Amhara Regional State. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic, geographical and environmental factors. Stool samples were collected and processed by Ritchie’s and Kato Katz techniques. Data were entered into EpiData and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics were used to compute prevalence, and logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with STHs and S. mansoni infections. Variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Among 530 schoolchildren, 169 (31.9%) and 78 (14.7%) were infected with STHs and S. mansoni, respectively. The prevalence of STHs (40.2%) in the semi-highlands and S. mansoni (30.4%) in the lowlands was high. Infrequent shoes wearing, exposure to soil, not washing vegetables before eating, and living outside in lowland areas were significantly associated with STHs infections (P < 0.05). Schoolchildren who fetched water to irrigate fields, swam in rivers, and lived in lowland areas were significantly associated with S. mansoni infection (P < 0.05). In conclusion, prevalence rates of STHs and S. mansoni infections differed across altitudes in Amhara Regional State. Therefore, current control strategies including deworming and provision of clean water and education on sanitation and hygiene should be intensified and adapted to the local context.
A Quantitative Analysis of Autonomous Vehicle Cybersecurity as a
Component of Trust
Authors: King Warren , Halawi Leila
Published: August 2023

Connected autonomous vehicles that employ internet connectivity are
technologically complex, which makes them vulnerable to cyberattacks. Many
cybersecurity researchers, white hat hackers, and black hat hackers have
discovered numerous exploitable vulnerabilities in connected vehicles. Several
studies indicate consumers do not fully trust automated driving systems. This
study expanded the technology acceptance model (TAM) to include cybersecurity
and level of trust as determinants of technology acceptance. This study surveyed
a diverse sample of 209 licensed US drivers over 18 years old. Results indicated
that perceived ease of use positively influences perceived usefulness, perceived
ease of usefulness negatively influences perceived cyber threats, and perceived
cyber threats negatively influence the level of trust.
Does the Degree Matter? MD and DO Students Who Match Into OB/GYN Report Different Experiences in US Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Cai Fei , Santiago Sarah , Southworth Elizabeth , Stephenson-Famy Alyssa , Fay Emily , Wang Eileen Y. , Burns R. Nicholas
Published: August 2023

Background Although allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) students have similar curricular requirements, little is known about differences in MD and DO preparedness for obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) residency.

Objective To assess differences in experiences and confidence of MD vs DO students who matched to OB/GYN.

Methods This cross-sectional survey study was open to all fourth-year medical students who matched to OB/GYN in the United States in April 2021. The survey included demographic data, clinical experiences, confidence (5-point sliding scale), and a 11-item knowledge test. Survey responses were compared to assess for disparities in experiences and confidence.

Results Survey response rate was 72.0% (1057 of 1469) students matched to OB/GYN postgraduate year 1 positions. Of the 871 MD and 175 DO responding students, MDs were more likely to have clerkships ≥6 weeks (78.1% vs 15.4%; P<.001) and a home sub-internship (92.0% vs 53.4%; P<.001). DOs reported more hands-on experiences with procedures (MD median=35 [20-35] vs DO median=40 [25-65]; P=.002). There was no difference in self-reported confidence in knowledge, technical skills, or having a realistic sense of internship, and no difference in baseline knowledge test scores. DOs felt less confident about their medical school preparation (aOR 0.40; 95% CI 0.25-0.66; P<.001) and were more likely to perceive inequity of residency preparation (aOR 1.88; 95% CI 1.18-3.00; P=.002).

Conclusions MD students matched to US OB/GYN residency programs reported longer clerkship and more home sub-internships, while DO students reported more hands-on experiences. Despite reporting similar confidence in knowledge and skills, DO students felt less prepared for internship.
Association of a Gamified Journal Club on Internal Medicine Residents’ Engagement and Critical Appraisal Skills
Authors: Allon Steven , Baggett Alan , Hayes Benjamin , Glosemeyer Katherine , Cavo Jose , Pacha Rami , Zurko Joanna , Patel Nidhip , Kraemer Ryan
Published: August 2023

Background Prior literature demonstrates internal medicine residents have suboptimal competence in critical appraisal. Journal clubs are a common intervention to address this skill, but engagement and critical appraisal skill improvement are variable.

Objective We evaluated journal club engagement and critical appraisal skills after implementation of a gamified format.

Methods This was a single-arm study, conducted from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, involving internal medicine residents at 2 US programs. Residents participated in a 12-month gamified journal club that sorted residents into 2 teams. Residents attended an orientation followed by 6 to 10 monthly, hour-long competitions. In each competition, a subset of the resident teams competed to answer a clinical prompt by critically appraising an original article of their choice. A chief medical resident or faculty member moderated each session and chose the winning team, which received a nominal prize of candy. The primary outcome was engagement, measured by a 7-question survey developed de novo by the authors with Likert scale responses at baseline and 12 months. The secondary outcome was critical appraisal skills assessed by the Berlin Questionnaire.

Results Sixty-one of 72 eligible residents (84.7%) completed both engagement surveys. Residents reported statistically significant improvements in most dimensions of engagement, including a higher likelihood of reading articles before sessions (posttest minus pretest score -1.08; 95% CI -1.34 to -0.82; P<.001) and valuing time spent (posttest minus pretest score -0.33; 95% CI -0.55 to -0.11; P=.004). Critical appraisal skills marginally improved at 12 months (posttest minus pretest score -0.84; 95% CI -1.54 to -0.14; P=.02).

Conclusions Our study demonstrates a gamified journal club was associated with improvements in engagement and minimal change in critical appraisal skills.
A Graduate Medical Orientation Intervention Focused on Local Health Inequities
Authors: Caldarelli Emily , Hess Jennifer J. , Weaver Eleanor , Buckley Ryan , Swan Rebecca R. , Schumacher Julie , Kostelanetz Sophia , Davidson Mario A. , Whitey Megan , Black Reena , Terhune Kyla P.
Published: August 2023

Background Residents must understand the social drivers of health in the communities they serve to deliver quality care. While resident orientation provides an opportunity to introduce residents to social and structural drivers of health, inequity, and care delivery relevant to the patient population in their new communities, many graduate medical education orientation curricula do not include this content.

Objective To report the development and implementation of a novel, patient-centered health equity orientation curriculum, including initial feasibility and acceptability data as well as preliminary self-reported outcomes.

Methods The curriculum was developed by academic faculty in collaboration with institutional and local health equity champions. Content centered on the history of inequities and racism within the local communities and included didactic presentations, asynchronous video, and virtual site visits to community resource groups. The curriculum was administered to all 2021 incoming Vanderbilt University Medical Center medical and surgical residents (N=270) over 2 half-days, both in-person and via Zoom. Data were collected anonymously via pre- and post-surveys.

Results A total of 216 residents (80% response rate) provided pre-survey response data, but only 138 residents (51.1%) provided post-survey data, including self-reported demographics (eg, underrepresented in medicine status) and level of agreement with 10 competency-based statements coded as pertaining to knowledge, skills, behaviors, or attitudes (KSBAs). Primary outcomes included improvement in residents’ KSBAs from pre- to post-survey. The greatest increases in percentages occurred with content that was specific to local history and population.

Conclusions In a class of incoming residents, this study demonstrated feasibility, acceptability, and pre-post curriculum improvement in self-reported KSBAs when addressing health equity issues.
MENUMBUH-KEMBANGKAN MINAT, EFIKASI DIRI, DAN REGULASI DIRI PADA ANAK
Authors: Maimanah Aprilia Chusna , Munib Abdul , Latipah Eva , Subaidi Subaidi
Published: August 2023

The study of psychology is an interesting study. More specifically, how to cultivate interest, self-efficacy and self-regulation. Because these three aspects are the key to high-quality learning. Interest in a child who is not well developed cannot lead to self-efficacy and self-regulation so that learning outcomes are not optimal. The focus of this research is to try to see how then the relationship between self-efficacy interests and self-regulation. Among the objects of this research is to develop interest in learning, self-regulation, self-efficacy in children. The research approach is literature review research using a quantitative approach. In reviewing various problems to answer the problems studied, both through the Google schoolar database, ScienceDirect and Shinta. The conclusion in the study is that interest is part of the cognitive that can be continuously developed so as to form self-efficacy and self-regulation.

Abstrak

Kajian terhadap psikologi merupakan kajian yang menarik. Lebih khususnya adalah bagaimana menumbuh kembangkan minat, efikasi diri dan regulasi diri. Sebab ketiga aspek ini merupakan kunci dari pembelajaran yang bermutu tinggi. Minat pada seorang anak yang tidak berkembang dengan baik tidak dapat memunculkan efikasi diri dan regulasi diri sehingga hasil pembelajaran tidak optimal. Fokus penelitian ini, mencoba melihat bagaimana kemudian keterkaitan anatara minat efikasi diri dan regulasi diri.  Dianatara salah satu objek penelitian ini adalah menumbuh kembangkan minat belajar, regulasi diri, efikasi diri pada anak. Adapun pendekatan penelitian yaitu penelitian literatur review dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dalam mengkaji berbagai problematika untuk menjawab permasalahan yang dikaji baik melalui database Google schoolar, ScienceDirect dan Shinta. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian adalah bahwa minat merupakan bagian dari kognitif yang bisa terus di kembangkan sehingga mampu membentuk efiksai diri dan regulasi diri.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL ATIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF ANAK DALAM MENYUSUN POLA ABCD-ABCD
Authors: Rahakbauw Halifa , Watini Sri
Published: August 2023

This study aims to improve cognitive abilities in children, especially the ability to compose ABCD-ABCD patterns. This happens because the initial observations made when the child is in school, the child's cognitive ability in compiling the ABCD-ABCD pattern is still low. The model used in this study is a classroom action research (CAR) model with the Arikunto model design through two cycles. Each cycle consists of 4 meetings. The subjects of the study were group B2 students aged 5-6 years at the RA Bina Insan Nusantara Manokwari institution with a total of 12 children consisting of 3 boys and 9 girls. The instruments used are observation sheets, photo documentation of children's work, performance. The results showed an increase in students' ability to compose the four ABCD-ABCD patterns. Before being given the action (pre-action) the child's ability to compose patterns was 83.3% in the sufficient category and only 16.7% in the good category. After being given action in Cycle I, namely by using the ATIK method, there was an increase in ability of 66.6% with good category. This means that there is an increase of 16.7%. At the end of the second cycle, it increased to 83.3% with good category. The success of this research if it reaches 80% in the good category. Thus, it can be said that the application of the ATIK method has succeeded in increasing children's cognitive abilities, especially in compiling the ABCD-ABCD pattern.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif pada anak yaitu pada khususnya pada kemampuan menyusun pola ABCD-ABCD. Hal ini ini disebabkan hasil pengamatan awal yang dilakukan pada saat anak di sekolah kemampuan kognitif anak dalam menyusun pola ABCD-ABCD masih rendah.  Model yang digunakan dalam penilitian ini merupakan model penilitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan desain model Arikunto melalui dua siklus. Setiap siklusnya terdiri dari 4 pertemuan. Subjek penilitian adalah siswa kelompok B2 usia 5-6 tahun pada lembanga RA Bina Insan Nusantara  Manokwari sebanyak 12 anak terdiri dari 3 laki-laki dan 9 perempuan.. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembaran observasi, hasil dokumentasi foto hasil karya anak, unjuk performance. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dalam kemampuan menyusun empat pola ABCD-ABCD dari siswa. Sebelum diberi tindakan (pratindakan ) kemampuan anak dalam menyusun pola sebesar 83,3 % pada kategori cukup dan hanya 16,7 % pada kategori baik. Setelah diberi tindakan pada Siklus I yaitu menggunakan metode ATIK, terjadi peningkatan kemampuan sebesar 66,6 % pada kategori baik. Artinya terjadi peningkatan 16,7 %. Pada akhir siklus II meningkat menjadi 83,3 % pada kategori baik. Keberhasilan penelitian ini bila mencapai 80 % pada kategori baik. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa penerapan metode ATIK berhasil meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak khusunya dalam menyusun pola ABCD-ABCD.
PENGARUH KEGIATAN BERCOCOK TANAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN BAHASA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Tiana Neli , Darmiyanti Astuti , Munafiah Nida’ul
Published: August 2023

Early childhood is children aged 0-6 years, in their development and growth there are 6 aspects of development, one of which is language development. Farming is an activity that can be used to improve language development in early childhood, activities carried out outdoors using direct media that aim to give freedom to children so that they can directly experience the learning provided, so it is hoped that children can conclude their activities and can foster interest in good communication. Language is well managed by children, even without stimulation, children easily imitate and learn the language they hear, language is one of the abilities of children who are currently developing because language development is closely related to the development of children's cognition.

Abstrak

Anak usia dini adalah anak yang berumur 0-6 tahun,dalam perkembangan dan pertumbuhan nya terdapat 6 aspek perkembangan salah satunya perkembangan bahasa. Bercocok Tanam adalah kegiatan yang bisa digunakan untuk meningkatkan perkembangan bahasa pada anak usia dini, kegiatan yang dilakukan diluar runagan dengan menggunakan media secara langsung yang mertujuan memberikan kebebasan kepada anak agar secara langsung dapat merasakan pembelajaran yang diberkan, dengan begitu diharapkan anak dapat menyimpulkan kegiatan merekka dan dapat menumbuhkan minat komunikasi yang baik. Bahasa di tata dengan baik oleh anak bahkan tanpa rangsangan pun anak mudah meniru dan mempelajari bahasa yang mereka dengar, bahasa merupakan salah satu kemampuan anak yang sedang berkembang saat ini karna Perkembangan bahasa erat kaitannya dengan perkembangan kognisi anak.
PENERAPAN EKSPERIMEN SAINS DI RAUDHATUL ATHFAL
Authors: Eviyatul Fajriyyah  , Nur Fajrie
Published: August 2023

Pembelajaran sains pada anak usia dini dapat dilakukan dengan cara yang menyenangkan salah satu diantarnya yaitu dengan eksperimen sains. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan eksperimen sains yang dilakukan di RA Tarbiyatul Athfal Kajar Dawe Kudus. Pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Informasi yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Data direduksi, disajikan, dan ditarik kesimpulan selama proses analisis data. Di RA Tarbiyatul Athfal Kajar Dawe Kudus, penerapan eksperimen sains dilakukan beberapa kali selama satu semester sesuai dengan tema. Bahan yang digunakan pada eksperimen sains juga memanfaatkan bahan bekas.
THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN BLENDED LEARNING AND STUDENTS' LEARNING MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Bactiar Bactiar , Kaspirawati Yuni , Juhana Juhana
Published: August 2023

This study aims to investigate the correlations between students’ perceptions on blended learning implemented in English teaching during the adaptation to the new normal, students’ motivations in learning English and students’ achievements in English subject. The participants of this study are 237 11th grade students of SMAN 1 Sukaresmi who had experienced blended learning method more than one year. This study uses the questionnaire adapted from model of Birbal et al. and Gardner’s Attitude/Motivation Test Battery, and IBM SPSS Statistic 27 to calculate the data. There is significant and positive correlation between students’ perceptions on blended learning implemented in English teaching at SMAN 1 Sukaresmi during the adaptation to the new normal and students’ achievements in English subject, between students’ motivations in learning English and students’ achievements in English subject, and between students’ perceptions on blended learning implemented in English teaching at SMAN 1 Sukaresmi during the adaptation to the new normal and students’ motivations in learning English. Partially, no influence is exerted by students' perceptions on blended learning implemented in English teaching at SMAN 1 Sukaresmi during the adaptation to the new normal on students' achievements in English subject. Meanwhile, the considerable influences are exerted by students' motivations in learning English on students' achievements in English subject. However, when they are together, they will have an effect of 21.1% on students' achievements.
Kesulitan Mahasiswa Dalam Belajar Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Inggris Via Online Selama Pandemik Covid-19
Authors: Sariakin Sariakin , Yulsafli  , Rizka Budi , Mahmud Teuku
Published: August 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesulitan mahasiswa dalam belajar berbicara secara daring selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Iskandar Muda  semester 2 sampai semester 8. Jumlah populasi adalah 53 siswa. Karena populasi penelitian ini hanya 53 siswa maka semua mahasiswa diambil sebagai sampel penelitian ini dan sampel tersebut dinamakan total sampling atau sampel jenuh. Dengan demikian, total sampel penelitian ini adalah 53 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan mahasiswa Iskandar Muda Banda Aceh dalam belajar berbicara bahasa Inggris via online adalah: (1) kesulitan dalam belajar berbicara via online karena koneksi internet yang tidak stabil, (2) kesulitan untuk lancar belajar berbicara speaking  karena via online, (3) kesulitan menguasai kosa kata dalam pembelajaran berbicara speaking karena via online, (4) kesulitan menguasai tata bahasa dalam pembelajaran berbicara karena mempelajarinya via online, (5) kesulitan mengucapkan kosa kata bahasa Inggris dalam pembelajaran berbicara karena mempelajarinya via online, dan (6) kesulitan dalam berbicara via online karena kurangnya latihan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dosen harus fokus mengatasi kesulitan dengan mempersiapkan perangkat internet lebih baik sehingga koneksi internet lebih kuat, belajar berbicara melalui blended learning atau tatap muka langsung di kelas, mengajar tata bahasa Inggris kepada mahasiswa secara tatap muka, melakukan pengajaran pengucapan kosa kata bahasa Inggris secara tatap muka, dan berlatih berbicara bahasa Inggris melalui online lebih intens.
EKSPLORASI TRANSFORMASI GEOMETRI PADA MOTIF TENUNAN di KECAMATAN MOLLO SELATAN BERBANTUAN GEOGEBRA
Authors: Mone Ferdinandus , Simarmata Justin Eduardo
Published: August 2023

Matematika yang berkembang di masyarakat budaya sudah ada sebelum adanya pendidikan formal. Matematika ini dipraktekkan dalam aktivitas budaya salah satunya adalah aktivitas tenunan pada masyarakat TTS Desa Noinbila. Konsep-konsep matematika dalam aktivitas menenun merupakan hasil warisan leluhur dari generasi ke generasi pada masyarakat desa Noinbila sampai saat ini.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep matematika dalam aktivitas menenun tertuma konsep transformasi geometri. Subjek penelitian diambil dengan metode purposive sampling pada sebuah kelompok tenun yaitu kelompok tenun Sehati yang berlokasi di desa Noinbila kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS). Objek penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil 2 sampel tenunan secara incidental saat terjadi proses tenunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya konsep transformasi geometri yaitu konsep pergeseran (Translasi), konsep Pencerminan (Refleksi).
KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA DALAM BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI BERDASARKAN TEORI NEWMAN
Authors: Wulandari Safitri
Published: August 2023

This study aims to describe students' learning difficulties, especially at the elementary school level, in solving higher order thinking questions based on Newman's Theory. This research is a descriptive research. The subjects in this study were 29 students of class IV at SDN Sananwetan 2. The data obtained were in the form of descriptive test results and results from student interviews which were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the student test scores were grouped into three consisting of students with high abilities (test scores between 88-100), students with moderate abilities (test scores between 75-87), and students with low abilities (test scores between 0-74). Then the researcher randomly selected one student from each grouped category. The results of this study are that there are 7 high ability students, 14 medium ability students and 8 low ability students. Newman's theory states that the indicators of error are reading, understanding questions, transformation, process skills and solving processes. From the results of the students doing the test, it was found that there were different errors from each subject.
UPAYA PENCEGAHAN TINDAKAN PERUNDUNGAN MELALUI PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PADA SISWA SD NEGERI 19 BANDA ACEH
Authors: Munandar Haris , Rina Safrina Junita , Jabit
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana potensi terjadinya perundungan pada peserta didik SD Negeri 19 Banda Aceh dan bagaimana upaya pencegahaan tindakan perundungan melalui penguatan pendidikan karakter di SD Negeri 19 Banda Aceh. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 3 tahap, yaitu tahapan identifikasi, upaya tindak lanjut, dan pemantauan hasil kegiatan. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini yaitu dokumentasi, angket, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis deskriptif–kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik berpotensi mengalami tindakan perundungan verbal dan perundungan fisik karena pengaruh lingkungan dan pergaulan sehari-hari yang tidak terkontrol. Hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada tiga kelas penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 42 persen peserta didik pada kelas pertama, 30 persen peserta didik pada kelas kedua, 25 persen peserta didik pada kelas ketiga pernah mengalami tindakan perundungan pada satu tahun terakhir. Tindakan perundungan dapat dicegah dengan menerapkan Penguatan pendidikan karakter. Kegiatan penguatan pendidikan karakter yang bisa dilaksanakan dengan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai karakter pada draft perangkat pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh guru dan juga dengan menerapkan nilai-nilai karakter pada proses pembelajaran di kelas. Penguatan pendidikan karakter juga bisa dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan budaya sekolah seperti Upacara Bendera, kegiatan religius dan gotong royong.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL FILM KARTUN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KOSAKATA BAHASA MANDARIN PADA SISWA SD LKIA
Authors: Rindawati Try , Thamrin Lily , Lusi Lusi
Published: August 2023

A B S T R A K

Pembelajaran bahasa mandarin menggunakan media audio visual film kartun untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penguasaan kosakata anak sekolah dasar. Sehingga perlu adanya media pembelajaran yang menarik agar siswa lebih mudah mengingat dan menguasai kosakata Bahasa Mandarin. Peneliti menggunakan media audio-visual film kartun sebagai media belajar dalam pembelajaran kosakata Bahasa Mandarin. Agar siswa tetap tertarik untuk belajar secara online selama masa pandemi. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian Tindakan kelas kepada siswa kelas 5 SD LKIA Pontianak dengan melakukan pretest dan postest, kemudian memberikan pengajaran dengan video film kartun secara online, serta menggunakan media WhatsApp untuk mengirimkan materi pembelajaran video kartun kepada siswa bersangkutan.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa media audio visual film kartun sangat membantu siswa dalam mengingat dan menguasai kosakata Bahasa Mandarin. Kemampuan siswa dalam penguasaan kosakata bahasa mandarin meningkat sebesar 29,41%.

 

A B S T R A C T

Learning Mandarin uses audio-visual media cartoon films to improve the vocabulary mastery of elementary school students. It is necessary to have interesting media, so that it is easier for students to remember and master Mandarin vocabulary. The researcher used the audio-visual media of cartoon films as a medium of learning in learning mandarin vocabulary. So that students remain interested in learning online during the pandemic. The researcher used classroom action research for 5th graders of SD LKIA Pontianak by conducting a pretest and posttest, then providing online teaching with video films, and using WhatsApp media to send cartoon video learning materials to students. Based on the results of the study, it can be said that the audio-visual media of cartoon films helps students in remembering and mastering mandarin vocabulary. The students' ability in mastering Mandarin vocabulary increased by 29,41%.
Effects of Emerging Technologies on African Development: A Narrative Review on Selected African Countries
Authors: Badaru Kazeem Ajasa , Mphahlele Ramashego Shila
Published: August 2023

The rapid onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, has brought to light how important technology may be to the socio-economic development of a nation, particularly in Africa. The study conducted a narrative review of pertinent literature to objectively assess the effects of two types of emerging digital technologies (Artificial Intelligence [AI]) and nanotechnologies in Africa. The results showed that emerging technology-related research, development, and deployment are happening throughout Africa. Nanotechnology and AI have had a substantial impact in many spheres of African economies. The study, however, acknowledges in its conclusion that not all African nations have derived the same benefits from emerging technologies, including the digitalisation processes. There are still large disparities in the accessibility of technology and digital skills in several rural and underdeveloped areas in Africa. Thus, recommendations on how to close these gaps are provided for all African countries to profit more consistently from the emerging technologies and the digitalisation processes.
Evaluation of reflective structured dialogue on pharmacy students' perceived ability to communicate multiple perspectives
Authors: Woods Kelsey , Huff Jamie , Pritchard Roger
Published: August 2023

Background: In an effort to better prepare students for difficult conversations in healthcare, the authors evaluated the impact of reflective structured dialogue on pharmacy students’ perceived ability to communicate multiple perspectives.
Methods: Reflective practice was integrated into an ambulatory care elective starting in the Autumn of 2020. Students completed a Reflective Structured Dialogue (RSD) and a reflective written assignment. Students were provided with a six-question pre-survey at the start of the course and a ten-question post-survey at its conclusion.
Results: Fourteen students completed the course over three terms and were included in this evaluation. More students reported being very or extremely confident in their ability to effectively communicate their own perspectives (53% vs 29%) and different perspectives (54% vs 7%) in the post-survey compared to the pre-survey.
Conclusion: Reflective structured dialogue improved students’ perceived ability to communicate multiple perspectives, though benefits varied between students.
Quelques aspects de l’interculturel dans « Cœur de femme d’Adamou Kantagba » et « Le Mal de peau » de Monique Ilboudo
Authors: NDUWAYO Pierre , NIKIEMA H. Kader Aristide
Published: August 2023

Cet article se propose d’étudier, à travers les romans Cœur de femme de Adamou Kantagba et Le Mal de peau de Monique Ilboudo, comment l’interculturel se manifeste dans les productions littéraires des auteurs francophones contemporains. Il a pour objectif de réfléchir sur la manière dont la culture de l’autre se présente dans le roman et ses répercussions sur la structure du roman. Nous partons de l’hypothèse selon laquelle une œuvre littéraire écrite par un auteur ou une autrice francophone remet en cause l’unicité culturelle de la société de référence et que ce manque d’unité se répercute sur la structure du genre romanesque.
La perspective interculturelle en classes de FLE du 4e cycle de l’école fondamentale au Burundi : état des lieux
Authors: NDIKUMAGENGE Rémy
Published: August 2023

Cette étude vise à montrer la place que le curriculum réserve aux pratiques pédagogiques prenant en charge la dimension interculturelle dans les classes du FLE du 4e cycle de l’école fondamentale au Burundi. La réflexion s’inspire des principes théoriques soutenus par des didacticien-ne-s contemporain-e-s sur l’interculturel appliquée à l’enseignement du FLE. En plus, elle s’appuie sur des pratiques enseignantes observées à l’issue d’une analyse de corpus constitué des manuels et des guides de l’enseignant-e de français en usage au cycle concerné. L’étude ainsi menée a abouti aux principaux résultats qui suivent. (1) L’approche interculturelle est d’une grande importance en classe de FLE, car elle amène l’apprenant-e à prendre conscience du relativisme culturel pour adopter une attitude de tolérance envers les cultures autres. (2) Mais la perspective interculturelle est quasi inexistante en classe de FLE au Burundi. Bien qu’elle soit annoncée dans le programme, elle est impossible à appliquer face aux contenus des manuels fortement dominés par la culture burundaise. (3) L’approche interculturelle est par conséquent inopérante parce que les démarches pédagogiques indiquées dans les guides de l’enseignant-e ne l’intègrent pas.
Simulação e sintonia do controle PI para sistemas FOPDT
Authors: Coelho Antonio Augusto Rodrigues
Published: August 2023

Este artigo apresenta métodos de sintonia para o projeto do controlador PI. Aborda-se várias sintonias, desde a contribuição histórica de Ziegler-Nichols para a calibração vigente controle por modelo interno. Diversos procedimentos de sintonia PID e PI têm aceitação na indústria. Diferentes técnicas de sintonia baseiam-se no modelo contínuo de primeira-ordem, denominado projeto dependente de modelo, para sistemas lineares. Índices de desempenho avaliando os comportamentos servo e regulatório do sistema de controle de malha fechada em dois ensaios (simulado e experimental) são calculados. A ideia e mostrar a eficiência de sintonia no contexto do desempenho de um controle PI ótimo. Finalmente, os ganhos de sintonia de calibração PI são embarcadas no PID industrial PXR4 da empresa Fuji e a dinâmica de malha fechada é comparada com a realização de sintonia auto-tuning do controlador.
Advancement of Humanity from Technological Imperialism to the Stage of Technical Singularity
Authors: Jabrayilov Mahammad
Published: August 2023

The uninterrupted connection between human evolution and technology shows that throughout
their evolution, humans have been in a consistent struggle towards owning tools and devices which
make their lives easier and better by the use of technology. These consistent struggles and inventions
mainly aim to make people's work faster, more effective and safer. Looking at the general evolutionary
path of human and technology, it is clearly seen that technology has become a means of overcoming the
limitations and physical capabilities of people. In this regard, doing more, learning the past and future
faster, interacting with people in other parts of the world in an easier way, having geopolitical
advantages and various benefits, such as imperialism; can only be realized by using the capabilities of
technology. When considering the constant competition between global powers in order to take
advantage of technological advantages in line with the interests of imperialism, it becomes clear that in
fact, in the essence of this competition, it needs to look for the reasons which characterize the rapid
development of today's technology. Within the subject - considering today's technological development
as tools of imperialism of the future, we have tried to explore the problem from a new and different
context, especially by analyzing the approach of artificial intelligence to technological singularity
through analysis, synthesis, and synergistic methods.
О персидской прозе 1970 – х гг. (роман «Джа – йе хали - йе Солуч- М.Довлатабади)
Authors: Kazımov Mehdi
Published: August 2023

В 1970 – е годы новая тематика, вызванная нарастанием революционных настроений,
особенно к концу десятилетия, сопровождалась обращением к традиционным темам и
мотивам. Проблема индивида и общества, повседневная жизнь простого человека, судьба
представителей социальных низов, быт и заботы крестьянской семьи не оставались без
реагирования иранских писателей. Одним из тех авторов, кто проявлял к ним интерес,
оставался Махмуд Довлатабади. Махмуд Довлатабади один из самых известных прозаиков
современной персидской литературы. Незаурядная, творческая личнось он прославился также
и как драматург, сценарист, актёр театра и кино. В разноцветной палитре культурной жизни
Ирана его творческая деятельность отличается свежестью и яркостью красок.
М.Довлатабади сыграл значительную роль в развитии реалистической прозы в Иране, а его
романы, повести, рассказы и новеллы завоевали признание в широкой читательской среде как в
самом Иране, так и за его пределами. В 1974г. он был арестован и провёл в заключении два года.
Находясь в тюрьме, он начал свой второй роман «Джа – йе хали – йе Солуч» («Пропавший
Солуч»). Он сочинял его в уме и перевёл на бумагу уже после выхода из тюрьмы.
Ключевые слова: современная персидская проза, роман, Махмуд Довлатабади
Şimali Azərbaycanın Qarabağ Bölgəsinin Mədəniyyətində Erməni Saxtakarlığı
Authors: Baxışova Rəna
Published: August 2023

XIX əsrin əvvələrində Şimali Azərbaycan torpaqlarının Rusiya imperiyası tərəfindən işğalı, bu
ərazilərə ermənilərin köçürülməsi, rus-erməni “həmrəyliyi” iki əsrdən çoxdur ki, xalqımızın qarşısına ciddi
problemlər qoyur. Çarizm regionda ruslaşdırma və xristianlaşdırma siyasətinin davamı olaraq bu əraziyə
köçürülmüş ermənilərin təhsil almaları üçün böyük vəsait ayırmış və əraziyə nəzarət edə bilmək üçün onları
idarəçilik orqanlarında yerləşdirmişdilər. Bundan ruhlanan ermənilərin müxtəlif zamanlarda Azərbaycan
torpaqlarına, o cümlədən Qarabağ bölgəsinə qarşı əsassız ərazi iddiaları nəticəsində yalnız Azərbaycan
türkləri deyil, mədəniyyəti də erməni təcavüzünün və saxtakarlığının qurbanı olmuş və olmaqda davam edir.
S.N.Zelinski, A.Y.Xan-Aqov və digər erməni tədqiqatçıları ermənilərin bu əraziyə gəlmə olduqlarının
yazsalar da ermənilər Azərbaycan türklərinin əsrlər boyu yaratdıqları memarlıq abidələrinin
saxtalaşdırılması prosesinə başladılar. Köçürülmədən sonra Azərbaycan muğamlarını erməni musiqisi,
Azərbaycan xalçalarını “erməni xalçası” adıyla dünya ictimaiyyətinə təqdim edərək onları aldadırlar.
Mədəni irsimizi mənimsəyərək saxta erməni tarixi yaradan ermənilər mifik “erməni dövlətçiliyi”ni dünya
ictimaiyyətinə qəbul etdirmək üçün Azərbaycan xalqına mənsub olan maddi və mənəvi mədəniyyət
nümunələrini UNESCO-nun Mədəni irs siyahısına daxil etməkdən də çəkinmirlər. Erməni şairi Yeğişe
Çarents “bizim millətdə riyakarlıq ana bətnində ikən yaranır” deyərək öz millətinin anatomiyasının real
təsvirini vermişdir.
Açar sözlər: Qarabağ mədəniyyəti, çarizmin siyasəti, ermənilərin köçürülməsi, erməni saxtakarlığı,
Qarabağın işğalı
Struggle and Lonely Sorrow in Byron s Romanticism (Based on Poems the Giaour , the Corsair , the Bride of Abydos and the Prisoner of Chillon )
Authors: Mammadova İlhama
Published: August 2023

The article mentions the public-social and literary-aesthetic problems of "Oriental Poems" by
George Gordon Byron, one of the most prominent representatives of English revolutionary romanticism in
world literature. The author gives a scientific interpretation of Byron's poems "Giaour", "Corsair", "the
Bride of Abydos" and "The Prisoner of Chillon" and studies the literary-aesthetic and public-social
problems of the poet's revolutionary romanticism. At the beginning and middle of the 20th century, scientific
interest in Byron's literary heritage increased in Turkiye and Azerbaijan, and the poet's "Oriental Poems"
were translated into Turkish and Azerbaijani. The author notes that Abdulla Jovdat Bey sent the poem “The
Prisoner of Chillon” translated from Byron in 1906 as a gift to his close friend Ali Bey Huseynzadeh. Ali
bey Huseynzadeh, in his article “English Poetry in Turkish” and the “Prisoner of the Chillon”, published
in the newspaper “Hayat”, highly appreciated the translation skills of Abdullah Jovdat Bey and spoke about
the ideological and aesthetic merits of the poem. The analysis involved translations of three lines from
Byron's “Oriental poems” into Azerbaijani by Novruz Ganjali, Bakhtiyar Vahabzadeh and other poets. The
struggle and lonely grief of the romantic heroes of the poet has also been characterized in the article. The
“Oriental poems" reflectes the vices committed by Eastern despotism. Militant and romantic, the lonely
heroes of Byron's poetry reflect the characteristic features of English revolutionary romanticism and rise
to the level of the "Byronic hero".
Keywords: "Oriental poems", "Byronic hero", linear translation, lonely hero, progressive
romantics, despotism
On the History of Development of the Oil Industry in Northern Azerbaijan at the Crossroads of 19th and 20th Centuries
Authors: Hasanov Hacı
Published: August 2023

It is known that in the XIX-early XX centuries the evolution (development) of oil business in
Northern Azerbaijan has come a long way. Until the early XIX century, the oil industry here was
purely artisanal, but the Absheron oil fields played a significant role in the income of the khan’s
treasury. Immediately after the Russian occupation in 1806, the oil fields that came under the control
of the new colonial regime were handed over for ransom. The main reason for this was the backward
feudal economic system of the Russian Empire, as well as the complete ignorance. However, the
reforms carried out by the new owners of petrol matter after the shameful defeat in the Crimean War
(1853-1856) significantly accelerated the socio-economic development of the empire, and the demand
for oil increased significantly. As a result, tsarism abolished the ransom system in February 1872, and
in December the oil lands were put up for auction in what looked like 'de facto private property'. In a
short time, Baku oil became the main link in the imperial fuel complex, the world’s 'Oil Academy'. The
rapid development of the oil industry played an important role in many areas of the socio-economic,
socio-political and cultural restoration of Northern Azerbaijan.
Keywords: Baku, oil, Romanovs Russia, occupation, evolution, oil boom, oil academy, auction
Cooperation of the Republic of Azerbaijan With the Republic of Belarus in the Field of Science, Education and Technology
Authors: haciyeva saida
Published: August 2023

The socio-economic essence of the state, the country's defense capability and national
security, the cultural and educational progress of society and the welfare of the people are
directly related to the level of scientific development. Cooperation between Azerbaijan and
Belarus is developing in all areas of mutual interest, and ties in the fields of science, education
and technology occupy a special place. Joint scientific research, the implementation of joint
innovative projects in the interests of the economies of the two countries and the organization
of joint production are carried out as priority areas of bilateral scientific and technical
cooperation. Cooperation in the field of education is developing dynamically. The agreement
between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of the Republic of
Azerbaijan on cooperation in the field of science and technology promotes the development of
scientific and technical cooperation based on the principles of equality and mutual benefit. This
article is based on the method of reviewing cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and
the Republic of Azerbaijan in the field of science, education and technology, where potential
research areas are identified.
Keywords: Belarus-Azerbaijan, scientific and technical relations, international
relations, education in Azerbaijan, education in Belarus
Modified subtotal laryngectomy with formation of a tracheopharyngeal shunt for locally advanced cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx
Authors: Malysheva E. N. , Kulbakin D. E. , Choynzonov E. L. , Krasavina E. A.
Published: August 2023

Aim. To study the effectiveness of modified subtotal laryngectomy with the formation of a tracheopharyngeal shunt in patients with locally advanced cancer of the larynx and laryngopharynx.

Materials and methods. We conducted a cohort study on the use of combined treatment (surgical and radiation/ polychemotherapy) in 25 patients: 24 men, 1 woman; median age – 56 years. The subtotal laryngectomy technique that we developed and used included the preservation of one arytenoid cartilage, the posterior third of the vocal fold, and the recurrent nerve on the side not affected by the tumor. We studied postoperative complications, the length and diameter of the tracheopharyngeal shunt, the functioning of the arytenoid cartilage, the frequency of voice recovery and its quality, and overall and relapse-free survival.

Results. In the postoperative period, 8 (32%) patients developed a pharyngocutaneous fistula; tracheal stenosis after tracheostomy was observed in 8 (32%) cases. The length of the tracheopharyngeal shunt varied from 16.4 to 25.6 mm, in all cases its course was tortuous, the diameter of the preserved part of the vocal fold varied from 1.1 to 1.5 mm. 24 (96%) patients demonstrated the functioning of the arytenoid cartilage and its work as a valve. Voice function recovered in 24 (96%) patients. Fundamental frequency was 155.3 ± 20.9 Hz, maximum phonation time of the vowel “A” – 3.5 ± 1.0 s, duration of pauses in phrase – 0.24 ± 0.03 s, speech rate – 99.8 ± 8.4 words/ min, number of words in phrase 6.5 ± 0.3. The average value of the Acoustic Voice Quality Index was 6.74, which indicates dysphonia (for the Russian language, the threshold value for dysphonia is 4.86), but this did not interfere with patients’ communication at home and on the phone. Overall and relapse-free survival at 1, 2, and 3 years were 100%, 89%, 78% and 86%, 78%, 72%, respectively.

Conclusion. The method of operation proposed by us contributes to the restoration of voice function in the majority of patients with oncological outcomes comparable to total laryngectomy.