bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the Solar Powered Humidification-Dehumidification Distillation Unit Performance Working Under Iraqi Conditions Using TRNSYS
Authors: Fadhil Mohanad , Hamed Ahmed J. , Khalifa Abdul Hadi N.
Published: July 2021

The problem of drinking water scarcity represents a significant threat for Middle East countries particularly in the desert regions of Iraq. Thus, there is still a need to study and investigate the techniques and methods of water desalination to be available for fresh water supply. Simulation model of the distillation unit based on the humidification – dehumidification processes (HDH) was developed using TRNSYS 16 software. A yearly performance of the HDH unit was done based on step of one hour under the conditions of Baghdad, Iraq, 33.3 ° N latitude, 44.14° N longitude and elevation of 34 m. Meteonorm V7.3 software was used to obtain the weather data for Baghdad city. The key variable of this work is the variation of the salty water flow rate through the parabolic trough collector. The effect of salty water flow rate on the fresh water productivity, properties of the air entering and leaving the humidifier and dehumidifier in addition to the temperature of the water leaving the collector were studied. The salty water flow rate considered in this study was 50, 55, 60 and 75 lit/hr. All the input variables have been studied experimentally in earlier work. The results showed that, increasing the water flow rate through the collector improves the HDH unit performance, the water production increases insignificantly when the water flow rate increases more than 60 lit/hr. The best volume flow rate of water through the collector around the year was 60 lit/hr, that gives a yearly productivity of fresh water 17650 lit/year which is equal to about 2011 lit/m2.year. At a given salty water flow rate, the maximum productivity of fresh water is in conjugated with the lowest outer relative humidity.
Joining of Aluminium Alloy (AA6061-T6) to Pre-Threaded Pure Copper by Friction Spot Lap joining (FSpLJ) Process
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed S. , Hussain Sabah Khammass , Jadee Khudhayer J.
Published: July 2021

Objective - The objective of this study is to join Aluminum alloy type (AA6061-T6) of (1.5) mm thickness to pre-threaded pure copper of (2) mm thickness applying the frictional spot lap joining (FSpLJ) technique. Styling - All specimen aluminium and copper was prepared by cutting them by dimensions (100×25) mm, pure copper samples (2) mm thickness were pre-punctured with a diameter of (4) mm and then threaded it with a diameter of (4.8) mm, a tooth step (1) mm, a rotational instrument with a (10) mm diameter was used for the joining operation. Configuration - The threaded copper was put in the mold channel, placing aluminum on top of the copper, putting the fastener over the sample, and placing the top cover of the template and fixation it with three bolts. Approach - The process parameters [rotating speed (RPM), plunging depth (mm), and pre-heating time (sec.)] was optimized by using Taguchi style, there were four levels for each parameter. The influence of the operation parameters on the joint shear strength was analyzed. The tests [Visual examination, shear force, macrostructure, and the microstructure of the joint were applied]. Results – AA6061 was extruded through the pure copper hole and its interlock with the thread slot. As a result, it was obtained mechanical overlap between the extruded aluminum and the copper. The plunging depth parameter had the greatest influence on the shear strength of the joint. Increasing the plunging depth and the rotational speed of the tool was gradually increased the efficiency of the joint. The results showed that the samples failed to test shear in the zone of the lap joint. The highest shear force is (2176) N.
Effect of Surface Finishing on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Friction Stir Welded Joints For Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys (AA2024-T3 with AA6061-T6)
Authors: Hassan Khairia Salman , Abbass Muna Khethier , Mohammed Mohsin Talib
Published: July 2021

The aim of this work is to study the possibility of joining two plates from aluminum alloys, AA2024-T3 with AA6061-T6, using friction stir welding (FSW) technique. In this study, the plates were prepared by cutting with dimensions (100 x 50 x 5) mm by CNC milling machine with cutting speed of 1200 rpm and variable feeding speed of (25, 30, 35 & 40 mm/min). The FSW was operated by a vertical milling machine at a rotary speed of 930 rpm and linear welding speed of 30 mm/min to obtain welding joints of dissimilar plates. Microstructure, surface roughness and micro-hardness were examined. Corrosion test was also carried out by electrochemical methods for all specimens in 3.5wt % NaCl solution, and the corrosion rate was calculated by Tafel extrapolation method. The obtained results demonstrated that the feeding speed has a significant effect in decreasing the corrosion rate comparing with the base metal due to the plastic deformation that occurs at high feed speed. The decrease in surface roughness provided more connected between the two contact surfaces that contributed in the refinement of the microstructure. The sample welded at feed speed 40 mm/min offered the optimum results.
Modeling and Simulation of an Electromechanical Brake System
Authors: Mohammed Farag Mahel , Mohammed Jamal A.-K. , Faisl Haider
Published: July 2021

The effect of brake pad wear on the electromechanical disc brake system response using MATLAB/Simulink software was investigated in this paper. The analysis of the pad wear involves building thermal model and electromechanical brake model, and calculating the required braking force at a constant and variable coefficient of friction between the pad and disc. A comparison between the electromechanical brake responses without wear and during wear at a constant and variable coefficient of friction was carried out. The results show that the coefficient of friction has a major role in calculating the required braking force, and cumulated wear during breaking. The required braking force starts higher in the case of using a variable coefficient of friction by about 0.06%. The variable coefficient of friction presents higher wear than the constant coefficient of friction by about 30%.
Adaptive control system to producing a novel spun parts in sheet metal spinning process
Authors: Saleh Ammar Mahdi , Abd Assel H , Bedan Aqeel S
Published: July 2021

The problem in Sheet metal spinning is limited to an axisymmetric part. This research aims to design and build a flexible mechanism by a combination of mechanical with the electrical system to achieve the forming of polygon spun parts with a different number of sides without using a specific mandrel. This system based on developing a synchronous spinning machine, in which the rotational motion and feeding of the tradition lathe machine were measured and control to maintain the speed synchronization with the trajectory of the forming tool rollers (a special tool of forming), where this tool controlled by the electrical motors. The speed of the electric motor controlled by variable frequency drives VFD, pulse-controlled, and software. The machine can be applied to produce several shapes by changing pulse-controlled inside software code, which means that’s the machine is much more flexible than any other way. In this survey three spun parts (triangle, square and hexagonal) cross-section parts were produced, and aluminum alloy sheets (1050) of circular shape with 1.5 mm in thickness and 150 mm diameter will be used in this process. Finally, the output from this process will compare with a CAD model to examine the process validity by comparing the dimensional accuracy. The result shows that the average dimensional accuracy error for the triangle, rectangular, and hexagonal spun parts are 14.15, 6.47, and 3.78 respectively which consider an acceptable percentage in the spinning process.
Cyclic Voltammetric Studies of Micro and Nano Paracetamol Using Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Graphene
Authors: Kareem Zahraa Naji , Radhi Muhammed Mizher , Moosa Ahmed Ali
Published: July 2021

The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and graphene (MWCNT/GCE), (graphene/GCE) to study the electrochemical behaviour of paracetamol using cyclic voltammetric technique at different paracetamol particles size (186μm, 4-9μm, 45nm) in a 10 ml solution of (1M) KCl and (0.1mM) paracetamol at scan rate (0.1 V/s). The results of cyclic voltammogram showed the anodic current peaks of paracetamol increases with decrease particle size. Also, the solubility is enhancement with decreasing particle size. MWCNT/GCE is a good biosensor with high electrochemical sensitivity for paracetamol than graphene/GCE.
Experimental Investigation of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Performance based on Alumina and Copper Oxide Working Nanofluids
Authors: Hussien Fawziea M. , Faraj Johain J. , Hamad Ahmed J.
Published: July 2021

The heat transfer performance of heat exchanger is greatly depending on the thermal conductivity and heat transfer capacity of the working fluid. One of the important methods to improve the thermal conductivity of the heat transfer fluid is by adding nano particles of materials with high thermal conductivity. In the present study, an experimental work was conducted to investigate the performance enhancement of double pipe heat exchanger using Alumina (Al2O3) and Copper oxide (CuO) nano particles mixed with engine oil as a working fluid. The thermal performance of heat exchanger was investigated at particles concentrations 0.05% and 0.1% of Al2O3 and CuO nano particles to determine the most effective factors on heat transfer enhancement. The results revealed that, the enhancement percentage in Nusselt number (Nu) for nanofluid at 0.05% particles concentration compared to pure oil was 9% and 6% for CuO and Al2O3 nanofluids respectively. While at 0.1% concentration, the enhancement percentage in Nu was about 17% and 15% for CuO and Al2O3 nanofluids respectively. The enhancement percentage in value of overall heat transfer coefficient for CuO nanofluid was 6.5% compared to Al2O3 nanofluid at 0.1% concentration. The enhancement percentage in the heat exchanger effectiveness was about 12% for CuO nanofluid compared with that for Al2O3 at 0.1% concentration. Adding the CuO and Al2O3 nano particles has improved the thermal conductivity of base fluid (oil) and led to a significant enhancement in heat transfer rate and thermal performance of the heat exchanger.
Study the Effects of Titanium Dioxide nano particles reinforcement on the mechanical properties of Aluminum Alloys composite
Authors: Al-Jaafari Mamoon A. A.
Published: July 2021

Aluminum alloy6061 and 6082 was used as base material to the Aluminum matrix nano composites (AMNC ) and different Titanium Dioxide(TiO2) nano particles reinforcement wt. % of Ti(0.5, 1.0, 1.5and 2.0), the size of Titania reinforced material particles is 10 Nano meter, were been fabricated by using stir casting method. The effects of added nano particles on the mechanical properties of MMNC been studded. It was observed that the nanomaterial reinforcement led to high improvement in ultimate strength (σu), yield stress (σy), hardness (BHN) and ductility. The maximum improvement in ultimate strength, yield stress and BHN hardness was observed at 1.5 wt % TiO2 for Aluminum alloy6061 and 6082 while the maximum value of Elongation % was obtained at 0.5 wt. % TiO2 nano reinforcement for both Aluminum alloy6061 and 6082.
Effect of thickness and type of substrate on optical properties of chromium oxide thin film prepared by sputtering magnetron
Authors: Khalaf Mohammed K. , Abed Al-Kader Dawood S. , Salh Jassim Mohammed
Published: July 2021

The study here submits the impact of the thin-film thickness of chromium on its optical characteristics. All the films of chromium oxide were deposited on quartz and glass substrates via sputtering magnetron. The optical characteristics for a thin film was established out of measurements of transmitting. The spectrum of absorbance and transmittance have been recorded as a function of wavelength between (300-1100 nm) in order to study the Energy gap of permitted direct transition, extinction coefficient and refractive index. The improvement of the crystallization of the coatings / thin film has been discussed depending on substrate which are glass and quartz temperature. Under the experimental conditions; for temperature about (20-150) °C, the films consist of clear well-crystallized (Cr2O3).
Measurement of Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Level by UWB Transceiver in Diabetic Patient Type-1-
Authors: Al-Iraqi Entisar Younis , Fayadh Rashid Ali
Published: July 2021

Diabetes is a silent killer and a rapidly increasing global epidemic worldwide. The change in healthy diabetes diet and life-style is only therapy as no permanent treatment. The measuring of the amount of Blood Glucose Level (BGL) continuously is important for diabetes management. In general terms, two types of diabetes can be identified as Type-1- and Type-2-. Type-1- is the most dangerous type and affects (5-10 percent) of the diabetic population; they have to inject or pump insulin themselves. The common method of measuring is glucometer which the sample of blood is taken by clipping patient’s finger and analysis this sample. This invasive method is painful and discomfort for the patient. This article presents a microwave sensor with frequency falls in the range of Ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum to determine blood glucose level non-invasively (i, e. without giving any sample of blood). Ultra-wideband technology for the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is an important technology due to its advantages in sensing and communication for biomedical applications. The proposed system consists of a piece of microwave resonator that can be placed on the arm of the patient. Then, the first frequency resonance of the sensor is modifying because of many changes are calculated in dielectric blood permittivity and frequency value transferred from the sensor. Relationship between the frequency response and the changing in blood permittivity is observed. This may result in a measurement phase in which the Blood Glucose Level present has a relation with the frequency response value of the sensor. This system showed a clear and accurate outcome. Besides, it is easy to use by patient himself in any time with multiple use without exchanging any part of it, and safe because no taking any drop of blood just put the sensor in touch with patient’s skin without pains, and low cost compared with other methods that measure the glucose level.
Detection, Isolation, and Diagnosis of PCG Diseases
Authors: Abed Wesam Samer , Fayadh Rashid Ali
Published: July 2021

The phonocardiography signal (PCG) is an important part of reflecting the activities and activities of the main valves in the heart (Aortic valve, Pulmonic valve, Tricuspid valve, and Mitral valve). Where the heart is considered to be in mechanically part movement and as a result of blood flow through the valves with also the blockage and opening of the valves produce the sound of the heart (PCG). The doctor listens to this sound of PCG through a stethoscope and the diagnosis is made clinically, then the patient is referred to an echocardiogram to confirm the activities of the heart valves. The signals of PCG are analysed by passing through multi-resolution analysis (MRS) in the wavelet packet tree. The extracted information from WPT-Tree at the third level of decomposition is a tool for analysis. Finally, entropy value was calculated at a third level decomposition and diagnosis by the artificial neural network. The important advance that used max bit rate of 200 KHz and 24-bit resolution. In addition to the diagnosis of ten disease cases, work was done to diagnose heart disease in an normal and abnormal state. Where the maximum frequency rate is 94 KHz and is used multi tools and multi algorithms for analysis and classification.
Video Magnification Techniques: Medical Applications and Comparison of Methods
Authors: Mohsen Mohammed Sameer , Fakhri Ahmed Bashar , Ahmed Nibras Mahmood , Mahmood Mustafa F. , Mohammed Saleem Latteef
Published: July 2021

The unassisted visual system cannot note minute temporal variations in video and image sequences. In many applications, these differences and small signals are highly informative. A new technique used to expose video variations by measuring and amplifying video variations over time in a fixed position (pixel) was used to Eulerian video magnification (EVM). The objective of the study is to investigate and evaluate different processes for the creation and testing of EVM techniques and video quality parameters for each one of those methods. This research employed four new methods; EVM, Riesz pyramid for fast phase-based video magnification (FPBM), phase-based video magnification (PBM), and Enhanced Eulerian video magnification (E2VM). The experimental findings compared with their output for certain enlargement methods; time and quality parameters of image. A new magnification method is required based on the study of the exiting methods, which takes account of noise elimination, video quality and time reduction.
Computer Vision for Jaundice Detection in Neonates Using Graphic User Interface
Authors: Hashim Warqaa , Al-Naji Ali , Al-Rayahi Izzat A. , Oudah Munir
Published: July 2021

Title

Physiological jaundice occurs in the first week of life in newborns due to the increase in bilirubin level which in turn leads to yellowish discolouration of skin and sclera. Sever jaundice and toxic level of bilirubin can cause brain damage as bilirubin exists in the central nervous systems. Invasive blood sampling is the optimum method to measure bilirubin level; however, it is painful and stressful for the neonate, and it may cause blood loss and can lead to anaemia, especially when repeated blood tests are required. In addition, blood tests expose the infant to the risk of infections. Moreover, invasive tests are time-consuming as their results are not immediate. Due to all the problems mentioned earlier, this paper proposes a new system for jaundice detection that is based on skin colour analysis. The proposed system uses a digital camera as a colour based screening tool as it is affordable, objective, ubiquitous, and less painful to infants. Based on the analysis obtained from the captured images, jaundice was detected and estimated, opening the door for further case studies in medical applications, especially in diagnosis, monitoring patient’s health, and supplying active treatment.
Evaluation of the reasons of delay for construction projects under terrorism risk
Authors: Aljawad R H , Mahmood W , Razzooqee J R
Published: July 2021

One of the most common issues in the construction industry is the delay problem. The majority of the researchers have been focused to study the delay reasons in the implementation phase while few of them adopted to discuss the delay reasons for the early phases for the project planning and design phases. Therefore, this paper aims to study the reasons of the project delay in the planning and design phases as well as the implementation phase during the period of terrorism. A questionnaire included the delay reasons for the three phases that have been sent to the questioners of engineers who are working in the public and private Iraqi construction industry. The valid responses have been tested using Chi-Square Test to indicate the validity and reliability of the results and the relative importance index (RII) to show the average repetition of delay happening. The results showed that the main direct reason causes a delay in the planning phase is the unavailability of the fundamental data for the. Whereas, projects the design phase the analysis of the questionnaire results specified the owner’s financial issues was the significant delay reason. Moreover, the most effective delay’s reason in the implementation phase is the terrorist acts and cut off roads.
Compaction characteristics of natural cohesive subgrade soil stabilized with local sustainable materials
Authors: Al-Naje Farah Qais , Abed Alaa Hussain , Al-Taie Abbas J
Published: July 2021

In traditional road construction, the most common source materials for roadbed layers are the borrow pits. During the construction process, the source’s materials, excavation, loading, and handling have been considered significant factors on total construction cost. Improving the geotechnical properties of the locally available source materials using the waste materials of the local industry (as additives) is helped in avoiding undesirable additional costs in the field construction. The present paper explains the results of an experimental study of compaction characteristics for subgrade material of districts of Baghdad, Iraq with two different types of local byproduct materials “cement dust and fly ash materials,”. The selected soil, cement dust, and fly ash mixtures were made ready for use in the laboratory, and the mixtures’ compaction properties were investigated. Both light and heavy manual compaction tests were carried out and compared. The effect of selected stabilizers on the compaction behavior of the subgrade soil was determined to obtain the optimal values of stabilizer materials. The finding of this paper indicates that the compaction characteristics and behavior of the subgrade soil greatly depend on the type of additives used. However, the subgrade stabilization with local byproduct materials is beneficial from economic and environmental points of view.
Evaluation of The Effect of Gradation on Mechanical properties of Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Tayh Sady Abd , Alghrery Haneen Saadi Jassim
Published: July 2021

For stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures, the aggregate gradation is the significant requirement to achieve the best structural design. In this research, an attempt to evaluate the effect of nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) and gradation on SMA volumetric and mechanical properties. Samples for each mixture were designed and fabricated according to NAPA specifications. A total of 9 SMA mixtures with three NMASs, each with three different aggregate gradations, one asphalt binder (styrene butadiene styrene SBS) modified binder were studied. Volumetric analysis of specimens revealed that the voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with asphalt (VFA) rise with a reduction in NMAS. SMA samples with higher NMAS have lower optimum asphalt than those of lower NMAS. From the laboratory study, SMA mixes fabricated utilizing the upper limit of gradation showed the highest mechanical properties in terms of Marshall Stability and indirect tensile strength. It was recorded also that the SMA mixtures with larger NMAS had higher ITS and Marshall stability contrasted to the others. This improvement could be because of the larger portion of coarse aggregate in the SMA mixture.
Functional flexibility as a criticism mechanism in contemporary architecture”
Authors: Almajidi Basim Hasan , Marqus Raneen Wisam , Mudhaffar Yacoub Ghada
Published: July 2021

With the beginning of the emergence of modernity, the concept of functional flexibility emerged from the perspective of the possibility of modification and fragmentation within the internal spaces exclusively by adopting the principle of the structural network in its projects. Adapting spaces to everything that is new today can match technological progress within the levels of form, mass and space, and thus architectural schools and government gave institutions the flexibility in the importance of evaluating and criticizing architectural designs in the stages of architecture and competitions. The mechanisms, objectives and results that have been implemented are still unclear, by adopting the goal of flexibility in architecture, as an organized characteristic that stems from the basis of thought that influences in one way or another the nature of the utilitarian relationship. To evaluate projects and find a better alternative, commensurate with time, to the space infrastructure capable of adapting to different conditions). Accordingly, a set of previous studies and examples were analyzed by adopting functional flexibility as a criticism mechanism, and a set of evaluation strategies and characteristics were identified, and the criteria used in such type of projects that need to be expanded in the future were determined. The tool has been tested in a range of projects. It is chosen for each level of flexibility (flexibility at the internal level without change or addition in the main building block, in addition to the building blocks with the intent of functional expansion and at the level of functional change used by the entire building). In addition to the influence of block shape (geometric, organic, crumbly blocks) with functional flexibility, to derive important recommendations for the designer and evaluator.
Benefit and Challenge of Integrating BIM With GIS In Iraqi Construction Projects
Authors: Yousif Asmaa N. , Burhan Abbas M.
Published: July 2021

Building management has become more complicated because there has been a growing number of people and Documentation involved. As a result, there can be several different formats and forms of information that need to be gathered, exchanged and recorded throughout the building process. That makes the need to develop the work of BIM and GIS together is very importance, when geographic information system (GIS) provides external modeling for city (map, geographic Information… etc.) and building information modeling (BIM) is providing internal modeling (3d modeling, material properties and its quantities, etc. for building. Also, GIS is an important tool for combining both spatial data and non-spatial data of the construction project in one environment. So, this study aims to highlight on these important techniques to interest from their features in the construction projects, in this paper shows the integration between BIM and GIS and shows benefit, challenge and motivation factor for adoption these techniques in Iraqi project sector. From the point of view, GIS will complement BIM to create a systemic platform for building management.
Effect of sodium silicate on the unconfined compressive strength of sand dune
Authors: Emad Evan , Ahmed Mahmood D. , Sheikha Ammar A.
Published: July 2021

Sand dunes are spread in multiple places in the world especially in a desert area as a result of economic development and construction processes, there was a need to study the behavior of sand dunes and make it suitable for construction. This paper aims to study the effect of adding sodium silicate on the cohesion strength of sand dune and its behavior. The results show that the cohesion strength increase as a percentage of sodium silicate increase (addition 8% Sodium silicate show the higher cohesion) and the cohesion between sand dune particles increase excepted when using 10% sodium silicate the cohesion began to decrease. However, the effect of curing time is significant and shows that as the curing time increases the cohesion strength of sand dune increases.
Addition and subtraction as a valuation mechanism for valuable buildings
Authors: Almajdi Basim Hasan , Mohsin Abbas Na’im , Ali Tabark Hussein
Published: July 2021

The architects argue in the ways and mechanisms of determining the valuable buildings and how it is possible to infer the uniqueness of single building from others according to the value of that building, mainly based on the form and composition, so researchers proceeded to the duality of addition and subtraction to read, evaluate and critique valuable buildings, hence the research problem appeared in the scientific need to detect the role of addition and subtraction within the evaluation of the uniqueness of valuable buildings and features of the achieved product within the two and three-dimension levels.

The aim of the research is to clarify the cognitive perception about the nature of uniqueness and its characteristics in the case that the building accepts addition and subtraction within the framework of evaluation and architectural criticism and in the context of applied verification. Most important conclusions clarified that the use of the addition and subtraction is a double-edged sword, it may serve to enhance the uniqueness of the product generated by this process of the original building, or it may serve to weaken it and thus strip it of the characteristic of uniqueness that it previously had.
The creation of 3D building models using laser-scanning data for BIM modelling
Authors: Kadhim N , Mhmood A D , Abd-Ulabbas A H
Published: July 2021

The digital 3D models of the buildings based on laser-scanning data become a vital source of data and information repository to the Architecture, Construction, Engineering and Facilities Management (AEC & FM) sectors. A major advantage of the points cloud data captured by laser-scanning technology is its ability to the representation of the details of the three-dimensional models to exemplify the as-is conditions of buildings. However, the creation process of 3D models from the dense coloured 3D points provided by laser scanners has a significant impact on the quality of that produced models including building edges, walls, doors and windows. In particular, much uncertainty still exists about the compatibilities between the points cloud data formats and software extensions for the creation of as-is Building Information Modelling (BIM) models of the buildings. This paper presents a new framework for the creation of a 3D building model by transferring laser-scanning data into BIM software, such as Autodesk Revit. In our framework, an adopted link between software extensions was established in creating an accurate 3D building model. This framework is a road map of the required steps for investing the points cloud data relevant to BIM modelling. The promising results of the new approach illustrate to extract the 3D models of the buildings can reduce time-consuming, cost and efforts in dealing with or transferring laser-scanning data into Autodesk Revit for BIM models.
Effect of Structural Design Efficiency in Achieving Stability and Efficiency of the Architectural Design
Authors: Oleiwi Mohammed S , Majeed Nidaa N , Yaseen Rushdi A
Published: July 2021

The research dealt with the historical development of construction systems, their compatibility with architectural spaces, and the functional and expressive aspects of the various construction systems. Then, it discussed the creativity in the construction systems, which composed of structural elements, and elements interrelated and interactive with each other, in order to complete the structural function specified for design, with the provision of stability elements. The research was conducted based on the analytical method by adopting a field study and a research tool, which was the questionnaire form used in collecting data from the study sample to discover the effect of the contemporary construction systems and materials on the architectural spaces, after verifying its validity and performing the statistical analysis. The research sample was selected according to the study variables (gender, education, and years of experience). It was found that the diversity in construction materials and systems can lead to flexibility in the architectural space. Also, a comfortable space, problem-free, can be a result of the compatibility between architectural design and structural design. Furthermore, there is a functional impact of modern construction materials on space by adopting the surface texture of the construction materials to address the architectural space design.
The role of the urban soundscape in identification of Baghdad traditional city
Authors: Hassan Susan Abed , Taha Hiyam Siham
Published: July 2021

Sounds of the city reflect daily life activity, social interaction, and special features. The interaction between people and sounds strengthens the identity of a place in the city. Each city has its own characteristics and elements of sounds that distinguish it. There were many recent studies that define the city soundscape. The main research problem is the lack of knowledge about the role of the urban soundscape in the identification of Baghdad traditional city. This article studied the impact of urban soundscape and analyzed its characteristics and elements and its effect on identification of traditional Baghdad city, a questionnaire were conducted in 10 points about the patterns of sound sources and the presence of sounds, satisfaction, belonging, relaxing, spatial enclosure, annoying, specialty of the soundscape, the locate of position, and gradient of sounds, and a total of 30 people were interviewed in three main traditional streets in Al-Shawakaa traditional district. Measurements of sound pressure levels were also made for the total sounds to identify the most prominent types of sounds. The results showed that soundscape for the traditional cities had its indices that enhancing human awareness of soundscape and identification of the place.
Controlling Natural Resources Depletion by Sustainable Earth brick
Authors: Elavarasan S , Priya A K , Kavinkumar V , Raman S Venkat , Gowri Shankar S
Published: July 2021

These days, the utilization of Earth Bricks is as yet not well known in spite of its tremendous preferences, particularly from the ecological and supportability perspectives. The significant expense of materials and experienced work has kept quit numerous individuals from working with proper and safe development strategies. Building up a reasonable, safe, and maintainable structure framework has become a basic undertaking for structural architects and specialists around the world. The structure business has burned-through a huge measure of normal assets and furthermore been liable for a critical energy use. Earth blocks have the most reduced exemplified energy of any structure material and make structures that are unrivaled in energy proficiency. Later on, where the savvy, long haul energy preservation and convenience material are the destinations, Earth block is the ideal decision for energy proficiency and strength. The primary goal of this investigation is to examine the impacts of utilizing Metakaolin with geopolymer binder to settle the earth block. The geopolymer binder will be a combination of metakaolin and soluble arrangement. Earth Bricks will be balanced out with 5, 10, 15 and 20% of geopolymer binder and it will be contrasted and Earth Blocks containing 5% of portland cement.
Evaluation of Axial Capacity of Cold formed Steel Section
Authors: Saravanakumar R , Elango K S , Gopi R , Kaleeswaran C
Published: July 2021

Cold-formed steel (CFS) sections have gained popularity in the recent years primarily because of their high strength-to-weight ratio and faster constructions. They are manufactured by forming plane sheets made of steel in ambient temperature and the same used in different shapes as per the requirement criteria. This present study assesses the axial capacity of CFST columns against current design standards. The column strength predicted by using the Effective width Method (EVM) as per AISI S100-16, 2016 and IS 801-1975.
Design and Manufacturing of Internet of Things based Mobile Application Controlled Automobile Screw Jack
Authors: Ramesh Babu S , Monith V , Naveen Kumar J M , Naveen R , Muthu Kumar R
Published: July 2021

The objective of our paper is to design and model a mobile application-controlled automobile screw jack using android programming as an Internet of Things platform. Today’s importance on technology expansion has projected a good design and quality product in a lesser time to ease the complicated process of human being. The development of software has become a vital in the digital world to satisfy a number of demands of the user or applications. In order to accomplish the demand of current era, the article has been modelled a design for a mobile enabled hydraulic screw jack system. The description of evolving design and signification of its industrial implication has been shown here. Screw jack used for automobiles is emerging as necessary technology expansion in the industry of automobiles to produce application that allows lifting heavy load on applying less effort. The primary importance of the design of automobile screw jack is to reduce human involvement and their contribution to lift a load. Further there is a significance increases in the efficiency of screw jack model and its designs as ergonomically, (i.e.) neglecting of the complex operating as well as positioning of the screw jack by the operators. On usage of hydraulic system and pneumatic system, the system reduces involvement to lift load on basis of the computation calculation. But in this case also complexity in the posture and position of worker during the operation remains the same here. Hence, we have to design a jack for car which is motorised for easiness of use. But somehow in any case of failure in this electronic system, then the jack will be not able to work further manually. In this work, the entire setup is administrated by mobile application which is constructed as MIT app maker and the important functionality of this project is controlled using Arduino Uno which controls all the motors by obtaining signals from the app with help of a wifi module (ESP8266), Arduino builds the code which is encoded into it by Arduino encoder. Entire assembly is propagated by 60 RPM DC motors. Importance of this model is to make system as effortless and fast response in weight lifting, further it reduces the physical fatigue felt by the weight lift operating employee. Experimental results prove that proposed model outperforms the existing Bluetooth based model on terms of the efficiency and accuracy.
Removal of Textile Effluent dyes using Tunic of Allium Cepa
Authors: Yogeshwaran V , Archana E S , Gitanjali D , Gowsalyadevi G
Published: July 2021

Textile effluents are the one most calumnious threat to the environment, which have a lot of chronic effect towards the human beings. Colour is the main experimental variable to recognize the water has contaminated. Out of many techniques, Adsorption is attaining a specific place of importance due to its scope choosing naturally available materials. Activated Carbon from Tunic of Allium cepa (ACTAC) had been chosen as an Adsorbent, as it is abundantly available. ACTAC was used for optimization studies for the removal of selected dyes from the Textile effluents. The selected dyes are safranine, Indigoid, Alizarin Red S and Crystal violet belongs to the Azo and Anthraquinone family dyes respectively. These dyes are selected as they are not degradable easily and are very toxic in nature. The optimum percentage removal of selected dyes from the textile effluent was reported as 80, 70.95, 45 and 74 respectively.
Design and manufacturing of Shock pot mounts for Road Quality Analysis
Authors: Singh Aditya , Khatawate Vinayak H. , Tiwari Aditya , Shah Omesh
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of this project was to design and fabricate a system that can be used for road quality analysis. It incorporates a linear potentiometer sensor to sense the displacement of the wheel, a data logger module to collect and store the sensor data, and a mechanical mount to hold the sensor rigidly in the desired position. The sensor data stored in the datalogger is then filtered and smoothened using Butterworth filter to get clean data. This data is further plotted on a displacement v/s distance graph. Standard color codes are decided and are assigned to each condition based on their ratios. Color codes, therefore, helps in the quick graphical interpretation of the data. The solid model of the mounts is done on solid modelling software and the data interpretation part is done using MATLAB. The proposed system can be mounted on various vehicles and can be further improved by analysing the live data and representing them on the navigation systems.
A Review on Experimental Investigation of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing process
Authors: Anjaneyulu K , Venkatesh G
Published: July 2021

Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) is one of the superfinishing processes that produce nanoscale finishing for both metals and non-metals. Also, the MAF process can be utilized for the finishing of magnetic and non-magnetic materials. The basic mechanism of the MAF process consists of a flexible magnetic abrasive brush (FMAB) is developed using magnetic particles and abrasives. The FMAB acts as a multipoint cutting tool and removes material with the application of indentation and shearing action of abrasives. The literature suggests that the concept of surface finish (SF) and material removal rate (MRR) in MAF is limited to only a few materials. However, the phenomena involved in this process must be studied to improve the process mechanism and surface finish capabilities. In this review paper, the concept of surface finish mechanisms using MAF has been revised to date, the possibility of future research has been named and talked over. Attempts to improve the surface finish of MAF are also talked about.
Mechanical behaviour of natural coconut/banana fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Raghul K S , Abhiram R , Anand S , Ragul R Vijay
Published: July 2021

In today’s trend, research on composites is growing, and there is always a need for alternative materials. Natural fibre reinforced composites were chosen over man-made fibres because they are easier to fabricate and use less energy. It’s also affordable and has a power that’s equivalent to synthetic fibres. A composite is made up of a matrix phase and a non-matrix phase. A composite is made up of two phases: matrix and reinforcement. Resin + hardener are the matrix phases used. It is a primary phase that has a constant shape. This step is normally more ductile and less hard. coconut and banana fibre form the reinforcing process, which has a discontinuous form. As compared to matrix process, it normally has more power. The properties of a 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% of nano material imposition were compared. In comparison a plate with 5% Nano Silica has maximum (tensile & flexural) strength. The plate with a 1% Nano silica has the highest impact strength.
Experimental Investigation of Microbial Precipitation of Concrete with Bacillus Halodurans
Authors: Meenaksi B S , Kanmani S , Sakthivel K , Varun S , Srithar R C
Published: July 2021

This study is about the potential for bacteria to fill the micro pores in the concrete the experimental investigation was to find the ability of the concrete with and without bacteria. The micro pores are filled by calcite precipitation created by the bacteria that will create autogenous healing to the concrete. The bacillus family bacteria was create the alkali-resistant spore this formation make as self-healing of the concrete. The active viable period of the bacteria was 4 months in water before adding to the concrete. The continuous decrease of the spore size diameter in concrete its helps to increase the compressive strength of the concrete. The life span and the concrete that is the durability of the concrete was increased we have a sustainable concrete. The present investigation is aimed to answer the following queries: Growth and culture of bacteria, effect of different cell concentration of bacteria embedded on the strength and durability characteristics of concrete.
Ambient Air Quality During Covid 19 Pandemic in Chennai-An Urban Metro City of India
Authors: Ezhilkumar Marimuthu Rajendran , Swamy Manohar Aravind , Nandhagopal Ramesh , Santhosh Kumar S , Ragul Barath N G S
Published: July 2021

COVID’19 pandemics has brought a tremendous change in the regular human life style due to the severity of the virus. In addition, a positive impact was observed in the ambient air quality due to complete absence of anthropogenic activities contributing to the air pollutants in the urban sprawl for a short duration because of the lockdown restrictions imposed by the government. In this study, we have discussed the trend of air quality with respect to pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown. It was observed that on an average 50%-70% decrease in pollutant concentration measured during lockdown compared to pre-lockdown measurements. However, post-lockdown shown an increasing trend in concentration but are within the permissible limits due to the restrictions imposed in the post-lockdown. This short analysis presented in this paper highlights the effect of lockdown over air quality improvement observed in a densely populate metro city of Tamil Nadu.
Quantitative comparison of luminescence probes for biomedical applications
Authors: Krajnik B , Golacki L W , Fiedorczyk E , Bański M , Noculak A , Hołodnik K M , Podhorodecki A
Published: July 2021

Optical imaging holds great promise for the early-stage detection of diseases. It plays an important role in the process of protecting the patient’s health. Most of the organic dyes suffer due to photobleaching, light scattering, short light penetration depth, and autofluorescence of specimen, thus, need to be replaced with alternative nanoprobes emitting light in the optical biological window (700–1350 nm). The group of candidates which can challenged described problems are colloidal quantum dots (e.g. CdSe and PbS) and upconverting nanocrystals (e.g. NaGdF4:Er, Yb). This paper presents comprehensive and systematic studies of the aforementioned probes, using specially designed tissue phantom, and custom-built wide-field fluorescence microscope. We investigated how the absorption and scattering of light at the water, hemoglobin, and intralipid may affect the intensity of luminescence probes and the quality of optical images. We propose a protocol, that could be easily implemented for investigating other nanoprobes that allow for comparison of their optical performance.
An ultracold molecular beam for testing fundamental physics
Authors: Alauze X , Lim J , Trigatzis M A , Swarbrick S , Collings F J , Fitch N J , Sauer B E , Tarbutt M R
Published: July 2021

We use two-dimensional transverse laser cooling to produce an ultracold beam of YbF molecules. Through experiments and numerical simulations, we study how the cooling is influenced by the polarization configuration, laser intensity, laser detuning and applied magnetic field. The ultracold part of the beam contains more than 2 × 105 molecules per shot and has a temperature below 200 μK, and the cooling yields a 300-fold increase in the brightness of the beam. The method can improve the precision of experiments that use molecules to test fundamental physics. In particular, the beam is suitable for measuring the electron electric dipole moment with a statistical precision better than 10−30 e cm.