bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Re-use of Cultural Heritage Buildings in Jabodetabek (Greater Jakarta) as the National Gallery of Indonesia's Satellites
Authors: Ardhiati Yuke , D Ashri Prawesthi , Anggita Diptya , Putri Ramadhani Isna , Prasetya L Edhi , Intan Widya Nur , Abi Muhammad Wira , Alfiano Rafli , Izzulhaq Muhammad Rifqie , Putra Raditia Raka , Arfiansyah Chandra
Published: July 2021

The Nasional Gallery of Indonesia is a reputable art gallery owned by Indonesian State. It roles as the venue for exhibitions and art events on International scale. To maintain the reputation then it employed the Independent Curators to cary out exhibitions. In recent years, the phenomenon of the proffesional Fine Art Artists show the hing spirits. To enrich their international publication then they began to realize their opportunity to exhibit at this gallery. Unfortunately, the gallery building is an adaptive reuse of the Cultural Heritage Building. The National Gallery building which has a distinctive Dutch Colonial architectural style has not been optimally utilized. So, it has existence has wide limitations and space limitation that unable to accommodate such high interests. On the other hand, Jabodetabek is stands for Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi are the Greater City of Jakarta, has Cultural Heritage Buildings. There are many of architectural style of heritage buildings that has chance to be the exhibition spaces. The study is an idea to aim solutions of the availability of exhibition area in Jabodetabek to accommodate the Fine Art Artists interest of exhibiting. According to the Adaptive-Reuse of the National Gallery’s case, and by refers to the Grounded Theory Research method and Case Studies related to the Jabodetabek’s Cultural Heritage buildings. A Working Hyphotesis is Jabodetabeks’s Cultural Heritage Buildings opportunities as The National Gallery’s Satellites. The findings are the Satellite Galleries Rank, and the Properties Display recommendation based on the Cultural Heritage’s rules that can be offered to make them as the “Satellite” as well as the ICOM as the National Gallery of Indonesia’s standard.
A New Quest is Available: seeing, walking and narrating the city
Authors: Nuraeny Elita
Published: July 2021

Walking becomes a conversation, of past, present and future, between our body and the city. However, today’s modern hand-held map demands us to look down, disrupting the dialogue between the body and city. Like a modern role-playing game, the map guides us to our quest mark beyond with minimum consideration of the present time. The map makes the quest mark and path visible; yet, the in-between space of our reality is overlooked. Following the idea of a hidden quest mark in our real world, this study explores the lost narrative between our body and the city. The study examined a project named Location + that follows spatial history, experiences and the journey beyond of a hidden church of the Knights Templar in London. The project is filled with instructions to decipher codes, directing people to the church. By using psychogeography, the project Location + approaches a spatial narrative using site writing and creative map-making that is specific to the site. By emphasizing the idea that our journey matters, this project allows a dialogue between the body and city.
The Evaluation of Mode Shift Preference within Bus Rapid Transit-oriented Development Context
Authors: Prayogi Lutfi , Lissimia Finta
Published: July 2021

Bus rapid transit (BRT) has been acknowledged as a mode of transit that is appropriate to be constructed in conjunction with transit-oriented development (TOD). In order to evaluate the occurrence of a TOD with BRT systems as its component, evaluating the passengers’ mode shift triggered by the provision of the BRT systems is one approach that can be taken. Within the mentioned type of TOD, the built environment should support, or even more trigger, the passengers’ mode shift into taking the BRT systems. This article evaluates the mode shift preference of Transjakarta BRT passengers. This article also evaluates the heterogeneity of mode shift preference among various groups of Transjakarta passengers. This article qualitatively describes the mode shift preference, while the data was collected, processed, and presented in quantitative manners. Information regarding the mode shift preference is collected through an indirect interview. The statistics of the mode shift preference is processed using simple statistical analysis and Bartlett’s test for variance heterogeneity. It is found that the role of the built environment in supporting Transjakarta passengers’ mode shift into taking Transjakarta is relatively low. It is also found that the variance of the mode shift preference is homogeneous across various groups of Transjakarta passengers. This article concludes that the envisioned bus rapid transit-oriented development (BRTOD) hasn't been fully occurring in areas around Transjakarta corridors.
FEASIBILITY OF ACCESSIBILITY IN SEKAYU VILLAGE SEMARANG
Authors: Yandri Sepli , Sari Yeptadian , Hantono Dedi
Published: July 2021

In urban areas, accessibility is one of significant factors to increase the economic growth. Accessibility is very important in improving community welfare. Infrastructure can also cause economic growth. Therefore, proper road infrastructure is useful for good accessibility. Development of transportation and network of road are useful to facilitate the activities in the village. As one of the urban areas in Semarang city, Sekayu village needs good accessibility as well, because Sekayu is a historic village. In this village, many old buildings have the potential to invite tourists to come to the city. Therefore, this study aims to assess the suitability of accessibility in Sekayu Village.
KOMPETENSI ETIKA GURU DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Fitriani Nur Intan , Bahar Herwina , Nurmalia Laily
Published: July 2021

Guru sebagai pendidik memiliki tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, mengarahkan, melatih, menilai, dan mengevaluasi peserta didik pada jalur pendidikan formal. Dalam proses pembelajaran guru harus melaksanakan kode etik dan kompetensi etika yang harus dipertanggung jawabkan karena guru merupakan figure yang akan menjadikan anak bangsa yang mampu menanamkan nilai-nilai etika, moral dan norma. Guru juga harus mampu menjadi suri tauladan serta memposisikan sebagai pejuang nilai, etika dan moral di tengah-tengan masyarakat. Guru juga harus mampu memenuhi kualifikasi akademik dan akademi pedagogik, kompetensi profesional, kompetensi kepribadian dan kompetensi sosial. Kompetensi adalah seperangkat pengetahuan, keterampilan dan perilaku yang harus dimiliki, dihayati, dan dikuasai oleh guru atau dosen dalam melaksanakan tugas keprofesionalan. Dan etika di pandang sebagai ilmu pengetahuan yang membicarakan baik buruknya perilaku manusia dalam kehidupan bersama. Definisi tersebut tidak melihat kenyataan bahwa ada keragaman norma, karena adanya ketidaksamaan waktu dan tempat, akhirnya etika menjadi ilmu yang deskriptif dan lebih bersifat sosiologik.Kata kunci : kompetensi, etika, guru,
КНИЖКА ПРО ВАЖКІ ПРОБЛЕМИ
Authors: Левицький Мирослав
Published: July 2021

Рецензія на книгу:
Чобіт Д. Загибель Гути Пеняцької 28 лютого 1944 року. Київ : Видавничий дім «Українська культура», 2020. Кн. 1 : Трагедія. 612 с.
БІОІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ УЧАСТІ ЖІНОК В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ ВИЗВОЛЬНОМУ РУСІ 1920–1950-х рр.
Authors: Капустинський Назарій
Published: July 2021

Анотація. Мета дослідження – проаналізувати історіографічні джерела, в яких міститься інформація про участь та діяльність жінок в національно-визвольному русі 30–50-х рр. ХХ ст. і з’ясувати ступінь дослідженості проблеми, виокремити маловивчені або й взагалі невивчені аспекти. Методологія дослідження спирається на принципи історизму, системності, об’єктивності, поміркованого наративного конструктивізму, а також на використання загальнонаукових (аналіз, синтез, узагальнення) та спеціально-історичних (історико-генетичний, історико-типологічний, історико-системний) методів. Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що вперше зроблено спробу зібрати, систематизувати й охарактеризувати історико-біографічні праці про участь і роль жінок в національно-визвольному русі 1930–1950-х рр., окреслити коло недостатньо вивчених питань і перспективні напрями подальших наукових пошуків. Висновки. Отже, активізація появи нових біографічних досліджень про участь жінок в українському визвольному русі 1920–1950-х рр. стала можливою тільки після здобуття Україною незалежності. Так вдалося повернути із забуття імена сотень та навіть тисяч учасниць ОУН і УПА. Однак біографічні студії участі жіноцтва в національно-визвольних змаганнях перебувають на початковому етапі. Попри те, що в останні роки з’являються праці, в яких порушуються різноманітні проблеми участі жінок в українському визвольному русі, значна кількість потребує ще подальшого вивчення. І тут досить різка відмінність із біографічними дослідженнями участі чоловіків у цих структурах. Украй необхідним на сьогоднішній день вбачаємо продовження ґрунтовної пошукової роботи. Суттєвим недоліком є практично відсутність жіночих біографічних студій на дисертаційному рівні. Немає і окремих досліджень на монографічному рівні (за винятком праці про Катерину Зарицьку). Особливо цей пробіл відчувається щодо діяльності жінок на кущовому, районному, надрайонному, окружному, обласному та крайовому рівнях, у відділах і підвідділах УПА.
ЗАЙНЯТІСТЬ ТА ПРОФЕСІЙНА СТРУКТУРА НАСЕЛЕННЯ ЗАХІДНИХ ОБЛАСТЕЙ УКРАЇНИ (1944‒1953 рр.)
Authors: Гулай Василь , Хахула Любомир
Published: July 2021

Анотація. Мета роботи випливає із потреби цілісного аналізу проблем зайнятості населення західних областей України в 1944‒1953 рр., його професійної структури, окреслення чинників, що визначали їхню динаміку, особливості функціонування у період докорінної трансформації соціальних інститутів загалом. В основу методології роботи покладено сукупність сучасних засобів і методів наукового пізнання. Дослідження ґрунтується на використанні структурно-функціонального, історико-логічного, ціннісно-нормативного, антропологічного, біхевіористського, когнітивного та феноменологічний підходів. Наукова новизна дослідження представлення доведенням наукової гіпотези, що протягом другої половини 40-х – початку 50-х рр. відбулися значні зміни у сфері зайнятості населення та його професійної структури, що були зумовлені утвердженням радянської класової моделі суспільства. Вони проявилися насамперед у зростанні чисельності зайнятих у промисловості, транспорті, будівництві, органах державного та громадського управління, освіті, охороні здоров’я та інших галузях. При цьому засоби та методи формування нової професійної структури населення мали форсований характер. За таких обставин рідко враховувалася економічна доцільність будівництва нових підприємств, розвитку тих чи інших галузей економіки західноукраїнського регіону загалом. Обмеживши сферу зайнятості на селі одержавленими колгоспами та радгоспами, а в містах підприємствами державної і кооперативної форми власності, радянський режим сформував нову професійну структуру зайнятості населення західних областей України. У якості висновків варто наголосити, що закладені в повоєнні роки диспропорції у розвитку соціально-професійної структури населення регіону (необґрунтоване зростання чисельності зайнятих у промисловості за рахунок фактичного занепаду сільського господарства, невідповідність між кількістю зайнятих у галузі матеріального виробництва та сфері послуг, пріоритетний розвиток підприємств сировинного й військово-промислового комплексу) негативно вплинули на подальший соціально-економічний розвиток регіону.
Getting In: Safe Water Entry Competencies
Authors: Moran Kevin , Blitvich Jennifer , Petrass Lauren , McElroy Keith
Published: July 2021

In high income countries, jumping and diving into water are a small but persistent cause of death and serious injury especially among male youth and young adults. Although water entries maintain a high media profile, little is known about what entry competencies and underlying water safety knowledge youth bring to this practice. Undergraduates enrolled in aquatics (N= 76) completed a survey before attempting 7 entry jumping and diving tasks. While safety attitudes and self-reported behaviours were generally good, considerable variation in practical entry competence was evident. Most completed a deep-water compact jump (87%) and PFD jump (88%) with ease. Many completed a crouch dive (57%) and standing dive (53%) into deep water with ease, but only 33% completed a standing dive from a block/bulkhead (height) with ease. Ways of addressing weaknesses in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours are discussed and recommendations made to enhance the teaching of safe water entry.
TRIGGERING EMERGENCY PROCEDURES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF THE EU’S AND UN'S RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND BEYOND
Authors: Mazur-Kumrić Nives , Zeko-Pivač Ivan
Published: July 2021

The large-scale COVID-19 pandemic is a severe public health emergency which poses distressing social and economic challenges to the international community as a whole. In order to provide immediate and effective support to affected welfare and healthcare systems as well as to build their lasting, inclusive and sustainable recovery, both the European Union and the United Nations have introduced a number of urgent measures aiming to help and protect citizens and economies. This paper looks into the specificities of urgent procedures launched and carried out by the two most influential international organisations with a view to rapidly respond to the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis. More specifically, it focuses on the involved institutions and steps of urgent procedures as well as on their most remarkable outcomes. In the case of the European Union, the emphasis is put primarily on two Coronavirus Response Investment Initiatives (CRIIs), adopted during the Croatian Presidency of the Council in one of the fastest legal procedures in the history of the European Union, and the Recovery Assistance for Cohesion and the Territories of Europe (REACT-EU) as an extension of the CRIIs’ crisis repair measures. The overarching United Nations’ response is assessed through an analysis of its urgent policy agenda developed on the premise that the COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health and socio-economic emergency but also a global humanitarian, security and human rights crisis. This particularly includes procedures foreseen by the Global Humanitarian Response Plan (GHRP) and the Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP). In addition, the aim of the paper is to provide a critical overview of the subject by highlighting three pivotal elements. First, the paper sheds light on the financial aspects of the urgent fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, necessary for turning words into action. Notably, this refers to funds secured by the Multiannual Financial Frameworks 2014-2020 and 2021-2027, and the Next Generation EU recovery instrument, on the one hand, and the UN COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund, the UN Central Emergency Response Fund and the Solidarity Response Fund, on the other hand. Second, it offers a comparative evaluation of the end results of the European and global emergency procedures in mitigating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, it summarises the underlying elements of measures governing the aftermath of the ongoing crisis, i.e. those promoting a human-centred, green, sustainable, inclusive and digital approach to future life.
CULTURAL HERITAGE INSTITUTIONS DURING AND AFTER THE PANDEMIC: THE COPYRIGHT PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Matanovac Vučković Romana , Kanceljak Ivana , Jurić Marko
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has imploded the traditional ways in which creative, cultural and artistic content are presented and consumed. Museums, libraries, archives, and other cultural institutions have been closed in lockdowns all around the European Union, and their content presented and consumed online. This paper will analyse how copyright rules affect cultural heritage institutions (publicly accessible libraries or museums, archives or film or audio heritage institutions) in the digital age. Four recent legal documents at the European level refer to the digitalisation of their collections and the digitised content’s exposure to the public in the Digital Single Market. These are Directive 2001/29/EC, Directive 2012/28/EU, Directive (EU) 2019/790 and Directive (EU) 2019/1024. This paper willfirst analyse how exclusive rights are regulated for authors, other creators, publishers, and producers in the digital age. Those rights need to be respected and exercised effectively by their owners. On the other hand, there is also a public interest, in that digitisation and access to digitised content should be free in cultural heritage institutions. To resolve the tension inherent in this relationship is not easy. The recent rapid change in consumption of creative, cultural and artistic content in the Single Digital Market (due to the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus) has triggered the need for swifter digitisation of cultural heritage institutions’ collections. The European legal framework offers some solutions to this need, which will be presented here. It does not resolve the situation generally, but refers to particular issues, such as orphan works, out-of-commerce works, text and data mining and the re-use of public sector information. In general, copyright protection prevails. Nevertheless, the tendencies towards free access grow stronger every day. This paper will analyse how these four directives interact with each other in the effort to resolve the tension between copyright, digitisation and free access to digitised content in cultural heritage institutions. At the end, two ideas for a new balance are presented.
DIGITAL CONTENT CONTRACTS AND CONSUMER PROTECTION: STATUS QUO AND WAYS FURTHER
Authors: Zdraveva Neda
Published: July 2021

One of the effects of the COVID-19 crisis is the significant acceleration of e-commerce. The number of companies and the varieties of products in the online markets increased, as well as the numbers of consumers and consumers’ segments diversification. The e-commerce in pandemic times offered clear benefits and opportunities for the consumers. It also created situations where the lack of confidence in e-commerce may intensify. This comes from the consumers’ uncertainty on their key contractual rights and it is particularly a case when it comes to the contracts for supply of digital content and digital services. The European Union considered that legal certainty for consumers (and businesses) will increase by full harmonisation of key regulatory issues and that this would lead to growth of the potentials the e-commerce has on the common market. Aiming to achieve a genuine digital single market the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament in May 2019 have adopted the Directive (EU) 2019/770 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services (the "Digital Content Directive") and the Directive (EU) 2019/771 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods (the "Sales of Goods Directive") that regulate the supply of digital content and digital services and sale of goods with digital elements, respectively. Both directives lay down specific rules on the conformity of digital content or a digital service i.e., goods with digital elements with the contract, remedies in the cases of a lack of conformity or a failure to supply, as well as the modalities for the exercise of those remedies. The paper analyses the mechanisms for regulation of the contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services and the specific rights and obligations of the parties to these contracts. The main objective of the research is to assess to which extent these mechanisms are novelty in the European Consumer Law and to examine the obstacles that the application of consumer law to digital content contracts may encounter.
PROPOSALS FOR THE DIGITAL MARKETS ACT AND DIGITAL SERVICES ACT: BROADER CONSIDERATIONS IN CONTEXT OF ONLINE PLATFORMS
Authors: Rudohradská Simona , Treščáková Diana
Published: July 2021

Proposals for a Regulation on a Single Market For Digital Services (Digital Services Act) and Regulation on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector (Digital Markets Atc) of 15th of December, 2020 were long-avaited tools, through which, in the field of digital services, a higher degree of legal certainty for the consumer should be ensured and the functional responsibility regime of online platforms should be secured, in direct proportion. Submitted proposals preceded open public consultation of interested stakeholders, including the general public, academics, digital companies and other businesses, associations, civil society public authorities, and trade unions. The need to adopt adequate legislation in line with rapid technological development also stemmed from the fact that the E-commerce Directive was adopted in 2000 and has so far been considered as the main legal framework governing the issue of digital platforms, but it is also necessary to add that the regulation of online platforms has been mainly left to the Member States. As much of the activity has shifted to the online enviroment, digital platforms are playing an increasingly important role in our lives. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relevant provisions of the proposal in the context of competition rules and also in view of the increased use of online platforms due to the global crisis. The content of the article will also contain a brief comparison with the current legal situation with reference to the practical implications that await us with the adoption of the new legislation.
THE CHILD’S RIGHT TO MAINTAIN CONTACT WITH BOTH PARENTS IN THE AGE OF PANDEMIC
Authors: Radina Ana
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying extraordinary measures engaged restrictions of fundamental human rights and liberties to an unprecedented scale. Inevitably, this had implications in the family context as well. Even though children are not considered to be an endangered category from a medical perspective, they are adversely affected by the pandemic in practically all aspects of life, in the short-term and in the long-term. One of the child’s rights directly affected is the right to maintain direct contact with both parents on a regular basis. Digital means of communication can somewhat mitigate the lack of personal contact, however, not everyone has access to the necessary technologies and there might be various disagreements about exercising such indirect contact. The closure of judiciary and social services placed the burden of resolving contact related disputes almost entirely upon parents. This paper aims to examine the relevant legal framework and measures taken in relation to the child’s right to maintain contact with both parents in the circumstances of the pandemic, with particular focus on the Croatian context and the response of the Croatian authorities to the challenges arising from this extraordinary situation, and to identify actions which could be taken in order to improve the child’s unfavourable position.
Prospects modern pharmacotherapy in postoperative rehabilitation of patients after endovitreal surgery of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors:   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Khabarovsk branch, Egorov A.V. , Kolenko O.V. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Khabarovsk branch,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Egorov V.V. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Khabarovsk branch,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Smoliakova G.P. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Khabarovsk branch,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To assess increasing the functional effectiveness of the results of endovitreal surgery in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) by using modern pharmacotherapy drug in the postoperative rehabilitation. Materials and methods. 108 people (108 eyes) with RRD. All patients underwent standard three-port vitrectomy, after which tamponade of the vitreous cavity with silicone oil with its removal 3 months after operation was performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the first – 60 people who received Cytoflavin on the background of standard therapy, and the second – 48 people with postoperative treatment only with standard therapy. Depending on the visual prognosis calculated before the operation, both groups were represented patients with satisfactory (A subgroup) and low (B subgroup) visual prognosis. Laser Doppler fluometry (LDF) was used to study chorioretinal microcirculation: microcirculation index and microcirculation efficiency index were recorded. Using OCT angiography (OCT-A), signs of macular ischemia were investigated: choroidal thickness, area nonperfusion of foveal avascular zone, density in the superficial capillary plexuses and density in the deep capillary plexuses in the macular area. Results. The inclusion of Cytoflavin in the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with RRD increases the possibility of a favorable functional outcome of the operation, affects the positive dynamics in the state of the capillary plexus in the macula. In the aggregate of patients of the 1st group, the increase in visual acuity was 2 times higher than in patients of the 2nd group 6 months after surgery. Also, in patients of the 1st group there was a more significant activation of chorioretinal blood flow according to LDF and OCT-A. Conclusion. The prescription of Cytoflavin in the postoperative treatment of patients underwent endovitreal surgery of RRD, regardless of the visual prognosis, increases the functional outcome of the operation. Improvement in visual functions in patients receiving Cytoflavin therapy is directly related to improved intraocular blood flow and macular perfusion. Keywords: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, chorioretinal microcirculation, ocular hemodynamics, Laser Doppler fluometry, optical coherence tomography angiography, Cytoflavin.
Accelerated cross-linking technique using a protective corneal donor flap in the treatment of progressive keratoconus on «thin» corneas
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga Branch, Tereshchenko A.V. , Trifanenkova I.G. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga Branch, Dem'yanchenko S.K. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga Branch, Golubeva Y.Y. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga Branch, Vishnyakova E.N. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga Branch, Kondrateva N.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga Branch
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To develop a method of accelerated ultraviolet crosslinking with an initial corneal thickness equal to or less than 400 microns using a protective donor corneal flap. Definition of safety and effectiveness of this method in the treatment of progressive keratoconus. Material and methods. 20 patients (20 eyes) with a diagnosis of progressive keratoconus 2–3 stages were included in the study. The accelerated crosslinking was carried out with an IROC-VX-2000 device (Switzerland). A protective donor corneal flap was cut out by using a Femto LDV Z8 femtosecond laser (Ziemer, Switzerland). The thickness of the protective flap of the donor cornea was determined as the difference between 450 μm and the obtained value of the patient's pachymetry in 30 minutes of saturation with Dextralink in μm. Results. Indicators of uncorrected visual acuity and corrected visual acuity returned to the level of preoperative values and did not tend to decrease until the end of the observation period for 6 months. The average keratometry indices gradually decreased: after 3 months – 50.3 ± 1.5 μm, after 6 months – 48.9 ± 1.8 μm, by 12 months – 46.7 ± 2.1 μm. A decrease in elevation indicators of the anterior and posterior surfaces was marked on elevation maps throughout the observation period. Conclusion. The proposed ultraviolet crosslinking technique using a protective donor corneal flap in patients with corneal thickness 400 μm or less is reproducible. This technique proves its effectiveness and safety and allows to stabilize the condition in patients with progressive keratoconus with adequate visual function. This makes this technique necessary, taking into account the lack of adequate cross-linking technology with a thin cornea. Keywords: progressive keratoconus, thin cornea, ultraviolet crosslinking, protective donor corneal flap.
Research of the developed gel intracorneal colored implants for keratopigmentation based on various materials. Experimental study
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Izmailova S.B. , Borzenok S.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow,   The A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Komarova O.Y. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Ostrovkiy D.S. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow
Published: July 2021

Purpose. Evaluation of the impact of the developed intracorneal gel stained implants for keratopigmentation based on various materials on the donor human cornea during organotypic cultivation. Material and methods. Three experimental samples of intracorneal gel stained implants were investigated: sample 1 based on sodium hyaluronate with organic pigment, sample 2 based on collagen hydrolyzate with inorganic pigment, and sample 3 based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with organic pigment. To determine the toxicity of the studied implants the apoptosis of keratocytes was determined in cryostat sections of the cornea. The method of immunohistochemistry was used to study apoptosis. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the corneal structures in the presence of implants. Results. During the investigation we showed that a gel implant based on a collagen hydrolyzate and a pigment with an inorganic toner (28% in the composition) causes a weak expression of the initiator proteins of apoptosis Caspasa 8 and Cytochrome C, and there is no expression of the BAX and effector proteins Caspasa 3/7. It was revealed that samples No. 1 and No. 3 undergo partial dissolution and washout from the intrastromal tunnel, sample No. 2 based on collagen hydrolyzate has a dense structure and remains in the corneal tunnel throughout the entire cultivation period, for at least 7 days, which is showed using an electron-scanning microscopy. The proposed collagen hydrolyzate gel implant can be considered compact and non-toxic. Conclusion. As a result of organotypic cultivation for 7 days showed the best results intracorneal colored implant № 2 based hydrolyzate of collagen and inorganic toner. Intracorneal colored implant based on collagen hydrolyzate has a more compact and dense structure than the accompanying experimental samples. Key words: keratopigmentation, aniridia, intracorneal colored implant.
Comparative clinical and functional results of implantation of «reverse – M and M1» in patients with high myopia in the long-term postoperative period
Authors:   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Sorokoletov G.V. , Tumanyan E.R. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Bessarabov A.N. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Soboleva M.A. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow
Published: July 2021

The formation of secondary cataracts in patients with high-grade myopia remains the main cause of vision loss in the long-term postoperative period. Taking this into account, a soft model of posterior chamber «reverse» IOL was developed in the Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, which allows reducing the development of secondary cataracts. Purpose. Comparative analysis the clinical and functional results of implantation of «reverse M and M1» IOL in patients with high myopia in the long-term follow-up. Materials and methods. Clinical studies were conducted on 140 eyes of 97 patients with high-grade myopia aged from 42 to 83 years (on average, 64.24±0.79 years) after phacoemulsification cataract (FEC) with IOL implantation in high-grade myopia. The main group consisted of 57 eyes of 40 patients who were implanted with «reverse-M1» IOL, the control group-83 eyes of 57 patients who were implanted with «reverse-M» IOL. Visual acuity before surgery without correction in any patient did not exceed 0.01, and with the maximum correction was no more than 0.2 (80%). The follow-up period was up to 5 years. Results. Visual functions in the majority of patients increased and remained stable throughout the postoperative period, amounting to 0.55+0.04 in the main group, and 0.54+0.03 in the control group. In the late postoperative period, dissection of the posterior lens capsule with «reverse-M» IOL was performed in 11 eyes of 13 patients (13.2%), in the main group, YAG laser dissection of the posterior capsule was required in 2 patients with 3 eyes (5.3%). Conclusions. Implantation of a «reverse-M1» IOL is safe, predictable and allows you getting less PCO formation compare with «reverse-M» IOL in the long-term follow-up in patients with high myopia. Keywords: phacoemulsification cataract, implantation of «reverse» IOL, high myopia.
Drainage surgery for primary open-angle glaucoma: past, present, future
Authors:   Professor Basinsky Ophthalmological Center, Orel, Russia, Basinsky A.S.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Despite many techniques for reducing intraocular pressure, surgical treatment of glaucoma has limited effectiveness. First, due to excessive scarring of new intraocular fluid outflow pathways and second, antifibrotics medicaments are unable to effectively control wound healing. The use of drainages reduces the risk of excessive scarring in the area of the filtration pad and forms several ways of outflow of intraocular fluid. The review presents the following sections: development history, advantages, disadvantages, surgical technique and promising directions of glaucoma drainage surgery. Purpose. Summarizing data on the possibility of drainage surgery, historical aspects, causes of scarring and methods of dealing with them. Provide data on various modern drainage devices that are used not only in Russia and their effectiveness. Material and methods. To perform the review, we searched for literature sources on the abstract databases E-library, PubMed and Scopus for the period up to and including 2018, using the keywords «glaucoma drainage surgery» (in the E-library database), «anti-glaucoma drainage» and «anti-glaucoma drainage device» (in the PubMed and Scopus databases). Abstracts of conferences were excluded from the review. A total of 40 articles related to the review topic were identified. The beginning of publications on this issue in domestic sources dates back to 1970, and in foreign sources to 1987. Results. The review presents the history of development, advantages, disadvantages of surgical techniques and promising areas of glaucoma drainage surgery. Various models of drainage devices, as well as their specific and non-specific complications are described. The effectivenes of various valves were 70%, with an average decrease in the level of IOP by at least 50% from the preoperative values. At the same time, the risk of an increase in the level of IOP above the target values is about 10% per year, which leads to the fact that after 5 years only in 50% of cases drainage devices function effectively. Therefore, studies of biomaterials, forms and techniques of drainage implantation surgery, new controlled-release antifibrotic drugs can positively affect the long-term effectiveness of glaucoma surgery. Conclusion. The data presented in the literature review allow us to identify the most effective models of drainage devices, their effectiveness, implantation techniques and possible complications. Key words: glaucoma, refractory glaucoma, glaucoma drainage surgery, drainages.
Quality of Care in Long-Term Hemodialysis Patients in Mexico
Authors:   Internal Medicine Department. Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, JA Torres-Díaz , JG Gonzalez-Gonzalez ,   Plataforma INVEST-KER Unit Mayo Clinic (KER Unit Mexico), School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico, JA Zúniga-Hernández ,   Plataforma INVEST-KER Unit Mayo Clinic (KER Unit Mexico), School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico, MC Olivo-Gutiérrez ,   Internal Medicine Department. Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, CA Garza-García ,   Internal Medicine Department. Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, SM Sánchez-Romo ,   Internal Medicine Department. Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, JZ Villarreal-Martínez ,   Nephrology Division. Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, R Rodríguez-Gutiérrez ,   Plataforma INVEST-KER Unit Mayo Clinic (KER Unit Mexico), School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in Mexico. The quality of care these patients receive remains uncertain. Methods: This is a descriptive, single-center and cross-sectional cohort study. The KDOQI performance measures, hemoglobin level >11 g/dL, blood pressure <140/90 mmHg, serum albumin >4 g/dL and use of arteriovenous fistula of patients with ESRD on hemodialysis were analyzed in a period of a year. The association between mortality and the KDOQI objectives was evaluated with a logistic regression model. A linear regression model was also performed with the number of readmissions. Results: A total of 124 participants were included. Participants were categorized by the number of measures completed. Fourteen (11.3%) of the participants did not meet any of the goals, 51 (41.1%) met one, 43 (34.7%) met two, 11 (8.9%) met three, and 5 (4%) met the four clinical goals analyzed. A mortality of 11.2% was registered. In the logistic regression model, the number of goals met had an OR for mortality of 1.1 (95% CI 0.5-2.8). In the linear regression model, for the number of readmissions, a beta correlation with the number of KDOQI goals met was 0.246 (95% CI -0.872-1.365). Conclusion: The attainment of clinical goals and the mortality rate in our center is similar to that reported in the world literature. Our study did not find a significant association between compliance with clinical guidelines and mortality or the number of hospital admissions in CKD patients on hemodialysis.
Comparison of Intra-Articular versus Intravenous Application of Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors:   Orthopedic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt, BA Kornah , GM Mansour ,   Orthopedic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt, MTI Mohamed ,   Orthopedic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
Published: July 2021

Background: Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is widely used in clinical applications. Considerable postoperative blood loss, however, is an unavoidable occurrence due to the extensive soft-tissue release, and the large area of cancellous bone osteotomy associated with the procedure. Besides, knee flexion and extension activities those begin the day after the operation adds to the problem. Aim of the Work: To compare between the intra-articular and the intravenous application of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in total knee arthroplasty. Patients and Methods: It is a prospective Double-blinded Randomized controlled trial. This prospective study was conducted at El-Hussein University Hospital & El Agouza Hospital on 30 patients who undergo total knee arthroplasty and fulfill all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results were the average total blood loss in the drain after 48hrs. In the 1st group was 365±74.722 while average blood loss in the 2nd group was 575±88.976. This indicates a significant decrease in blood loss in the 1st group (intraarticular TXA group) than the 2nd group (intravenous TXA group) the P value <0.001 which is highly significant. It was found that The decrease in Hb level is less in the 1st group than in the 2nd group which indicates less postoperative anemia in the blood count, the P-value <0.05 considered significant.
Fault Classification of a Blade Pitch System in a Floating Wind Turbine Based on a Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Cho Seongpil , Park Jongseo , Choi Minjoo
Published: July 2021

This paper describes a recurrent neural network (RNN) for the fault classification of a blade pitch system of a spar-type floating wind turbine. An artificial neural network (ANN) can effectively recognize multiple faults of a system and build a training model with training data for decision-making. The ANN comprises an encoder and a decoder. The encoder uses a gated recurrent unit, which is a recurrent neural network, for dimensionality reduction of the input data. The decoder uses a multilayer perceptron (MLP) for diagnosis decision-making. To create data, we use a wind turbine simulator that enables fully coupled nonlinear time-domain numerical simulations of offshore wind turbines considering six fault types including biases and fixed outputs in pitch sensors and excessive friction, slit lock, incorrect voltage, and short circuits in actuators. The input data are time-series data collected by two sensors and two control inputs under the condition that of one fault of the six types occurs. A gated recurrent unit (GRU) that is one of the RNNs classifies the suggested faults of the blade pitch system. The performance of fault classification based on the gate recurrent unit is evaluated by a test procedure, and the results indicate that the proposed scheme works effectively. The proposed ANN shows a 1.4% improvement in its performance compared to an MLP-based approach.
Estimating pollinator performance of visitors to the self-incompatible crop-plant Brassica rapa by single visit deposition and pollen germination: a comparison of methods.
Authors: Patchett Robert Brian , Ballantyne Gavin , Willmer Patricia Gillian
Published: July 2021

Estimating the pollen-deposition effectiveness of flower visitors is fundamental to understanding their performance as pollinators. While estimates of visitation rates, pollen loads, and single visit deposition (SVD) are all useful proxies for performance, and so help to reveal the relative effectiveness of different visitors, none take into account the breeding system of the plants, or the quality of pollen deposited. Here we compare the performance of visitors to the self-incompatible plant Brassica rapa (turnip) using SVD and pollen germination. We also report the first use of the staining of Brassica rapa stigma papilla cells (known to reveal a specific reaction to self-pollen) to compare self-pollen deposition between insect visitors. We found that most of the pollen grains deposited by insect visitors (and therefore counted by SVD methods) were non-germinating self-pollen. A smaller proportion of grains were outcrossed and so germinated. There was also a significant positive relationship between environmental conditions (wind speed) and pollen deposition, but not pollen germination.Both methods identified Bombus spp. as the best-performing visitors on turnip flowers, followed by Eristalis spp., whereas performance estimates for Episyrphus balteatus and ‘other hoverflies’ were no higher than controls for both methods. This study provides further insight into the methodology for estimating pollinator performance, especially in plants when only cross-pollen can germinate.
Identification of plant species for pollinator restoration in the Northern Prairies
Authors: Robson Diana Bizecki , Hamel Cary , Neufeld Rebekah
Published: July 2021

Research on diurnal plant–pollinator interactions indicates that a small number of generalist plants provide a disproportionately high amount of floral resources to pollinating insects. Identifying these generalist plants would help prairie restoration specialists select species that will provide forage for the majority of pollinator taxa. Field research in three Canadian fescue (Festuca hallii) prairie preserves that were at most 3.3 km away from each other was conducted in 2014 and 2015 to create pooled, weighted, plant–insect visitor matrices for each site. Using these matrices, generalization (G) scores were calculated for each plant species to help assess their importance to wild insect visitors as this method controls for differences in insect abundances over the year. The three species with the highest average generalization scores were Solidago rigida, Erigeron glabellus and Symphyotrichum laeve. Species accumulation curves were created to determine how many plant species would need to be present before most pollinator taxa would have at least one acceptable forage species. This research indicates that the 16 plant species (33% of the total) with the highest average generalization scores were visited by 90% of the observed pollinator taxa. To detect exceptionally attractive plant species while accounting for natural differences in abundance, we calculated the insect, bee and fly visitation rates per inflorescence. There was several specialized plant species that were visited frequently by bees. Most of these specialized plants had purple or yellow, tubular flowers, and bloomed in mid to late summer when bee populations were most numerous.
Variation in pollinator potential to carry a blueberry fungal pathogen and assessment of transfer efficiency in two managed bee species
Authors: Boyer Matthew David Hank , Adler Lynn S
Published: July 2021

Plant diseases are ubiquitous in agricultural systems and are major sources of economic loss. Vaccinium corymbosum, or highbush blueberry, is an economically important crop affected by an insect-vectored, fungal pathogen, Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, or mummy berry disease. Highbush blueberry yield is maximized through outcrossed pollination; however, the pathogen is vectored by pollinators. We used field collections and molecular techniques to identify floral visitors to highbush blueberry and quantify levels of pathogen spores carried by each visiting species. We also conducted a cage trial using single flower visits to determine differences in vectoring efficiency between two managed pollinators, Apis mellifera and Bombus impatiens. We found that bees, flies, and wasps were all common visitors, and that all bee species and several fly and wasp species carried the pathogen. Of the bee species, A. mellifera most often tested positive for the pathogen, while Dolichovespula maculata (Bald-faced Hornet) tested positive most among wasps and Mallota posticata among flies. Considering only individuals that tested positive, mummyberry levels per individual were highest in D. maculata and Andrena bees, and relatively low in flies. In cage trials, we found no differences between A. mellifera and B. impatiens in pathogen load or transfer efficiency, suggesting that these managed species are equally capable of vectoring mummyberry during a single visit to a blighted stem and then a flower. This research demonstrates the variety of floral visitors that carry mummyberry and that two common commercial pollinator species have similar potential to vector mummyberry to blueberry flowers during a single visit.