bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximizing spin-orbit torque generated by the spin Hall effect of Pt
Authors: Zhu Lijun , Ralph Daniel C. , Buhrman Robert A.
Published: August 2021

Efficient generation of spin–orbit torques is central for the exciting field of spin-orbitronics. Platinum, the archetypal spin Hall material, has the potential to be an outstanding provider for spin–orbit torques due to its giant spin Hall conductivity, low resistivity, high stabilities, and the ability to be compatible with CMOS circuits. However, pure clean-limit Pt with low resistivity still provides a low damping-like spin–orbit torque efficiency, which limits its practical applications. The efficiency of spin–orbit torque in Pt-based magnetic heterostructures can be improved considerably by increasing the spin Hall ratio of Pt and the spin transmissivity of the interfaces. Here we review recent advances in understanding the physics of spin current generation, interfacial spin transport, and the metrology of spin–orbit torques and summarize progress toward the goal of Pt-based spin–orbit torque memories and logic that are fast, efficient, reliable, scalable, and nonvolatile.
Reflection: one journey, two deaths, multiple perspectives
Authors: Costello Katelyn
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT This is a reflective piece from the author around death and dying. It shares her personal story from her own and close family perspectives. It then summaries these experiences into a few key themes and what she hopes are some lessons for doctors involved in the care of a dying person and their whānau. It has been adapted after being originally submitted as a reflective essay assignment for a University of Otago GENA725 Communication in Rural Hospital Medicine paper.
Health practitioner experience of Health and Disability Commissioner investigations
Authors: Wilkinson Jill , Marshall Chris
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The New Zealand Health and Disability Commissioner (HDC) Act 1994 was designed to protect the rights of consumers and provide a fair, simple, speedy, and efficient resolution to complaints. No recent studies have been published about the health practitioner experience of HDC investigations following a patient complaint, and none that include nurses and midwives. AIM To use a restorative inquiry framework to understand the impacts and needs of health practitioners arising from an event that led to an investigation by the HDC during the last 10 years. METHODS A descriptive qualitative approach was used with data collected using semi-structured interviews with doctors, nurses, and midwives (n = 13). The data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants worked in primary care, aged care, and services provided by public hospitals. The emotional impacts arising from the event and investigation were profound, with long-lasting effects on participants’ sense of self, reputation, and how, or if, they continued to practice. Participants indicated a need for support from colleagues and employers, a fair and relational investigation process, and a meaningful way of connecting to put things right. DISCUSSION A shift to a restorative approach whereby people involved in a complaint come together to speak truthfully about what happened and its impact on their lives, offers hope for a process that repairs relationships and improves health services. Restorative approaches clarify accountabilities and could lead to more satisfactory outcomes for all parties. This study contributes to emerging thinking about the use of restorative approaches in health-care contexts.
‘Here to stay’: changes to prescribing medication in general practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand
Authors: Wilson Geraldine , Windner Zoe , Bidwell Susan , Currie Olivia , Dowell Anthony , Halim Andrew Adiguna , Toop Les , Savage Ruth , Ranaweera Umaya , Beadel Harrison , Hudson Ben
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The delivery of health care by primary care general practices rapidly changed in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020. AIM This study explores the experience of a large group of New Zealand general practice health-care professionals with changes to prescribing medication during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We qualitatively analysed a subtheme on prescribing medication from the General Practice Pandemic Experience New Zealand (GPPENZ) study, where general practice team members nationwide were invited to participate in five surveys over 16 weeks from 8 May 2020. RESULTS Overall, 78 (48%) of 164 participants enrolled in the study completed all surveys. Five themes were identified: changes to prescribing medicines; benefits of electronic prescription; technical challenges; clinical and medication supply challenges; and opportunities for the future. There was a rapid adoption of electronic prescribing as an adjunct to use of telehealth, minimising in-person consultations and paper prescription handling. Many found electronic prescribing an efficient and streamlined processes, whereas others had technical barriers and transmission to pharmacies was unreliable with sometimes incompatible systems. There was initially increased demand for repeat medications, and at the same time, concern that vulnerable patients did not have usual access to medication. The benefits of innovation at a time of crisis were recognised and respondents were optimistic that e-prescribing technical challenges could be resolved. DISCUSSION Improving e-prescribing technology between prescribers and dispensers, initiatives to maintain access to medication, particularly for vulnerable populations, and permanent regulatory changes will help patients continue to access their medications through future pandemic disruption.
Pair and harem formation, nest-building and courtship behaviour of the marine ornamental fish
Authors: Araújo-Silva Sérgio L. , Mendonça Raoani C. , Mattos Douglas C. , Sales Rafael O. J. , Tsuzuki Mônica Y.
Published: August 2021

The Brazilian basslet (Gramma brasiliensis) is an ornamental fish species of significance to the fish market, and the development of a breeding protocol is of interest to the aquarium trade. There is little information regarding the behaviour of G. brasiliensis in captivity; thus, the aims of this study were to: (1) investigate pair and harem formation in different-sized aquaria (70 and 110 L) and tanks (150 and 310 L); (2) investigate the choice of different macroalgae species and synthetic materials by the fish for nest building in captivity; and (3) describe the courtship behaviour of captive fish and compare it with available literature for G. brasiliensis and Gramma loreto in natural environments. Based on the results, we suggest that G. brasiliensis should be kept in pairs because of their aggressive behaviour. Macroalgae of the genus Chaetomorpha and all synthetic materials were used by the fish to build nests. The courtship behaviour of G. brasiliensis in captivity is described for the first time and is similar to that reported for G. loreto in a natural habitat, namely ‘U-turn with body quivering’.
Calcium levels in the Golgi complex regulate clustering and apical sorting of GPI-APs in polarized epithelial cells
Authors: Lebreton Stéphanie , Paladino Simona , Liu Dandan , Nitti Maria , von Blume Julia , Pinton Paolo , Zurzolo Chiara
Published: August 2021

Significance

Our findings represent a fundamental advance in general understanding of the mechanisms of exocytosis in polarized epithelial cells that are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity. Moreover, our data also improve the knowledge on the machinery regulating polarized trafficking of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, a class of lipid-associated proteins playing diverse vital functions, unraveling an unexpected role of calcium in their apical sorting.
The long-run effects of religious persecution: Evidence from the Spanish Inquisition
Authors: Drelichman Mauricio , Vidal-Robert Jordi , Voth Hans-Joachim
Published: August 2021

Significance

From Imperial Rome to North Korea, religious persecution entwined with various degrees of totalitarian control has caused conflict and bloodshed for millennia. In this paper, we ask the following: Can religious persecution have repercussions long after it has ceased? Using data on the Spanish Inquisition, we show that in municipalities where the Spanish Inquisition persecuted more citizens, incomes are lower, trust is lower, and education is markedly lower than in other comparable towns and cities. Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition to still matter today, but it does.
Storage of carbon reserves in spruce trees is prioritized over growth in the face of carbon limitation
Authors: Huang Jianbei , Hammerbacher Almuth , Gershenzon Jonathan , van Dam Nicole M. , Sala Anna , McDowell Nate G. , Chowdhury Somak , Gleixner Gerd , Trumbore Susan , Hartmann Henrik
Published: August 2021

Significance

Forest decline due to climate change is increasing worldwide. Accurate forecasting of forest dynamics requires a mechanistic understanding of carbon allocation strategies that can link molecular process regulation to whole-tree responses. However, dedicated transdisciplinary investigations spanning these scales are lacking. Here we used a unique experimental platform to manipulate the whole-tree carbon balance and combine metabolic flux measurements with transcriptional information to reveal tree resource allocation priorities under reduced carbon supply. In contrast to current understanding and model implementations, we show that trees prioritize carbon allocation to storage and mobilization of storage to support respiration rather than growth to ensure immediate and future survival under negative carbon balance that may occur during critical periods of stress.
Living and responding to climate variability and change among coffee and banana farmers in the highlands of Moshi rural district, Tanzania.
Authors: Temba Pontian L. , Pauline Noah M. , Ndaki Patrick M.
Published: August 2021

The study aimed at exploring perceived impacts of climate variability on coffee and banana farming and community responses in the highlands of Moshi Rural District. A socio-economic survey employing qualitative and quantitative research approaches was used. Data were collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions as well as field observation. A total of 96 farmers were involved in the study. SPSS Statistics software package and Microsoft Excel were used for data processing and analysis. Findings showed that communities are knowledgeable about climate variability. Their knowledge is based on perceptions of the impacts already felt and attributed to climate variability, including unpredictable patterns of rainy seasons. Climate variability is associated with decrease in household food supply, unpredictable farming calendar and drying of water sources for irrigation and domestic use. Coffee yields showed a decreasing trend (at the rate of R2 = -0.494) during the years 1990-2016. This was contrary to bananas, which indicated an increasing trend (R2 = 0.036) of production during the same period. Communities were responding to impacts of climate variability in various ways, including intercropping, planting early maturing and drought-resistant varieties and gravity canal irrigation. Projected climate changes showed that the future was uncertain for farmers depending on rain-fed farming. Therefore, further research on viable options would help farmers adapt to current and future climatic stresses. Options may include intensified irrigation of crops and conservation farming which have the potential to increase banana and coffee production, thereby improving productivity and food security for communities.
Cassava as an adaptation crop to climate variability and change in coastal areas of Tanzania: a case of the Mkuranga district.
Authors: Mbwambo Naza A. , Liwenga Emma T.
Published: August 2021

This study was carried out in two villages, Kizapala and Kazole, of the Mkuranga District, in the Coast Region of Tanzania. The objective of the study was to establish the role of cassava as an adaptation crop to the changing climate and household food security. Primary data were obtained using household questionnaires and different participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques which included focus group discussions (FGDs), key informants and expert meetings. Secondary data were collected through a literature review, whereas temperature and rainfall data from 1984 to 2014 was obtained from the Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA). In each village, a sample size of 10% of all households was interviewed. Findings showed that 96% of respondents from Kazole village and 90% from Kizapala linked climate change with major climatic extreme events such as prolonged droughts and occasional abnormal floods. Analysis of temperature data for the last 30 years (1984-2014) revealed that temperature had significantly risen by a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.4936 for maximum and R2 = 0.777 for minimum temperature. The field survey results closely correlated with findings from the analysis of TMA rainfall and temperature data. Findings revealed a decline in crop production which resulted in food shortages and livelihood insecurity in the study villages. The respondents in both villages consider cassava as a crop that is least affected by climate and environmental extremes, thus serves to ensure food availability and security in their households. As a result, growing cassava should be considered as an adaptation strategy to climate change and variability now and in the future. Improving cassava production, processing, marketing and value chain infrastructures is, therefore, crucial for enhancing sustainable adaptation in the district.
Natural resource use conflicts in a changing climate: The case of the wetlands of Kilombero and Kilosa districts in Tanzania.
Authors: Liwenga Emma T. , Silangwa Florian
Published: August 2021

In Tanzania studies on conflicts between subsistence farmers and agropastoralists/pastoralists as well communities versus conservationists have been frequently reported. These include studies on water use conflicts in the Pangan River Basin. Agropastoralists have also been evicted as a result of these conflicts. The overriding tendency has thus been centered on discussion about what keeps pastoralists and crop cultivators apart rather than what keeps them together. Although conflicts occur mainly as a result of resource competition, some conflicts constitute only one aspect of a much more complex interaction between the two groups. Little has been documented in examining the relative contribution of climatic and non-climatic factors in aggravating these conflicts and how this triggers various dimensions of conflicts among livelihood groups. This study examined the relative contribution of climatic and non-climatic factors as causes of natural resource conflict, based on a study conducted in Kilosa and Kilombero districts in south-central Tanzania. The study further examined conflict resolution mechanisms in terms of adaptive capacity to address these issues in a changing climate and in particular explored the roles of institutions in conflict resolution, and the associated challenges and opportunities involved. The study was conducted through a household survey, focus group discussions and expert interviews with Kilosa and Kilombero district land planning officers. The aim was to understand the challenges of land use planning and how those transformed into conflicts between users. The results of the interviews in the two districts revealed that there were land conflicts related to boundary disputes between and among villages, investors against villages or communities, and government agencies versus villages or investors. Unlike Kilosa, Kilombero District had more land conflicts involving villages and government institutions. There is a complicated land conflict in 25 villages against the Ramsar site area.
Weather forecasting and communication in the upper Great Ruaha catchment area.
Authors: Mwajombe Anselm R. , Lema Godwin A.
Published: August 2021

Effective weather forecast dissemination depends on how effective dissemination channels are in informing decision making for improved management of water resources and livelihood activities, which depend on water resources in catchment areas. In this chapter, the effectiveness of the channels for weather forecast dissemination is assessed in terms of magnitude of awareness creation and versatility to end users. Our findings show that both traditional and conventional channels of weather forecasting and communication can be used to create awareness to end users in various parts of the country. For local communities, traditional weather forecasting and communicating were contingent on indigenous knowledge acquired through interaction with the local environment. Such information was accessed through indicators or signs that entail plant phenology, astronomical and meteorological events as well as mammals' behaviour. Conventional forecasting is communicated via modern communication technologies including radio, television, the Internet and posted letters. Communication of traditional weather forecasting is mainly through oral traditions. Results from our respondents revealed that 40% received weather forecasts through traditional channels, 11% through modern channels and 49% through modern and traditional channels. The majority of respondents said that weather forecasts from modern sources were not reliable to inform the decision-making process when compared with traditional sources. The study recommends synchronizing modern and traditional channels for effective weather forecast delivery.
Evolution of micro-chemistry during solidification and homogenisation of AA 3xxx aluminium–manganese alloys
Authors: Engler Olaf , Brüggemann Thiemo , Hasenclever Jochen
Published: August 2021

An important aspect of the characterisation of non-heat-treatable Al alloys is the constitution of the material in terms of its alloying elements in solid solution and, in turn, volume, size, morphology and species of second-phase particles. These constitutional characteristics, conveniently summarised as micro-chemistry, have an impact on physical and mechanical materials properties of Al semi-finished products. In the present study, the evolution of micro-chemistry in the Al–Mn alloys of the AA 3xxx series during solidification and homogenisation is analysed. Especially, we focus on the impact of additional alloy elements, including Si, Mg and Cu, on the phase selection during solidification and the changes in solute level and volume, size and type of second-phase particles during subsequent homogenisation.
Towards adaptive deep brain stimulation: clinical and technical notes on a novel commercial device for chronic brain sensing
Authors: Thenaisie Yohann , Palmisano Chiara , Canessa Andrea , Keulen Bart J , Capetian Philipp , Jiménez Mayte Castro , Bally Julien F , Manferlotti Elena , Beccaria Laura , Zutt Rodi , Courtine Grégoire , Bloch Jocelyne , van der Gaag Niels A , Hoffmann Carel F , Moraud Eduardo Martin , Isaias Ioannis U , Contarino M Fiorella
Published: August 2021

Objective. Technical advances in deep brain stimulation (DBS) are crucial to improve therapeutic efficacy and battery life. We report the potentialities and pitfalls of one of the first commercially available devices capable of recording brain local field potentials (LFPs) from the implanted DBS leads, chronically and during stimulation. The aim was to provide clinicians with well-grounded tips on how to maximize the capabilities of this novel device, both in everyday practice and for research purposes. Approach. We collected clinical and neurophysiological data of the first 20 patients (14 with Parkinson’s disease (PD), five with dystonia, one with chronic pain) that received the Percept™ PC in our centres. We also performed tests in a saline bath to validate the recordings quality. Main results. The Percept PC reliably recorded the LFP of the implanted site, wirelessly and in real time. We recorded the most promising clinically useful biomarkers for PD and dystonia (beta and theta oscillations) with and without stimulation. Furthermore, we provide an open-source code to facilitate export and analysis of data. Critical aspects of the system are presently related to contact selection, artefact detection, data loss, and synchronization with other devices. Significance. New technologies will soon allow closed-loop neuromodulation therapies, capable of adapting stimulation based on real-time symptom-specific and task-dependent input signals. However, technical aspects need to be considered to ensure reliable recordings. The critical use by a growing number of DBS experts will alert new users about the currently observed shortcomings and inform on how to overcome them.
Comparative analysis of coarse-grained powder and nanostructured copper properties
Authors: Ryabicheva L A , Reshetnyak D V , Dyadichev V V , Dyadichev A V
Published: August 2021

The paper presents the technologies of obtaining powder copper materials, got by forging of a porous workpiece with a puncheon, not entering the matrix hollow, and by equal channel angular pressing of a porous workpiece during three passes. It is found out that friction coefficient decreases with the grain diameter decrease and with the increase of the accumulated deformation on the passes. Besides, friction coefficient value’s going into the steady stage occurs during a longer period than for coarse-grained powder copper. The wear value for the nanostructured copper is much less than for the coarse-grained powder copper. Nanostructured copper is recommended to be used as an antifriction material at little pressures and high speeds of sliding. The paper demonstrates that due to the control of the structure during plastic deformation it is possible to obtain the material with the improved wear resistance.
Refinement of Ti18Zr15Nb alloy structure exposed to accumulative high-pressure torsion deformation
Authors: Churakova A , Gunderov D , Sheremetyev V
Published: August 2021

The strain γ processing at high-pressure torsion (HPT) deformation for many hard materials is really much smaller than expected. This is a result of slippage of sample surface and surface of anvils. In this context, the authors develop a new method- “accumulative high-pressure torsion” (ACC HPT). This method enables producing much higher true strains in metallic and alloys than the traditional HPT method. HPT and ACC HPT were applied to β-Ti-alloys Ti-18Zr-15Nb. As TEM studies showed, the size of grains after HPT n = 10 revolutions is about 40 nm while the size of grains after ACC HPT with n = 10 revolutions (in total) is about 20 nm.
Effect of rare-earth oxides on thermal behavior of alumina-silica glass sealants
Authors: Saetova N S , Krainova D A , Kuzmin A V
Published: August 2021

Thermal behavior of (62.92SiO2–4.71Al2O3–14.83Na2O–5ZrO2–12.54SrO) – 5Re2O3 (Re = Y, La, Nd, Sm) glasses with superstoichiometric additives of rare-earth oxides has been investigated by scanning differential calorimetry, high temperature optical microscopy, and dilatometry. It is found out that an increase in characteristic temperatures (glass transition temperature and temperature of half-sphere formation) is caused by decreasing the ionic radius. The value of thermal expansion coefficient changes insignificantly.
Nature of conductivity in xNa2O–(90-x)V2O5–10P2O5 glasses: experimental study and computer simulation
Authors: Raskovalov A A , Saetova N S , Pershina S V
Published: August 2021

A series of 10P2O5O–xNa2O–(90-x)V2O5 (x=1–5 mol.%) glasses was obtained by melt-quenching technique. Their thermal properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The density was measured by picnometry. A combination of electrochemical techniques shows that conductivity in these glasses has an electronic nature. The conductivity passes through a maximum at 1 mol% of Na2O. The model of the glass structure was constructed with non-constant force field molecular dynamics with self-assembly. The molecular dynamics simulation shows that the value of conductivity correlates with the mean coordination number for the V…V pair.
Autowave process in a thin layer of magnetodielectric emulsion
Authors: Chekanov V S , Dikansky Yu I
Published: August 2021

This paper describes the behavior of a magnetodielectric emulsion “magnetic fluid in oil” in an electric field. Such an emulsion is a functional electrically controlled medium, which may be of practical interest. In an electric field, a layer of microdroplets is formed in the near-electrode region of the magnetic emulsion, and an autowave process is observed at a certain critical strength.
Structure and lithium-ion conductivity investigation of the Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 solid electrolytes
Authors: Il’ina E A , Lylin E D , Kabanov A A
Published: August 2021

Currently solid electrolytes with high values of lithium-ion conductivity are required for creation high-energy lithium and lithium-ion power sources, including all-solid-state batteries. Compounds with a garnet structure based on Li7La3Zr2O12 are promising solid electrolytes for such power sources. In presented work solid electrolytes in the Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 system were synthesised using the sol-gel method in a wide concentration range of tantalum from x=0 to x=2.0. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, compounds with x > 0 has a cubic modification with the space group Ia-3d. The electrical resistance of the obtained solid electrolytes was measured by the complex impedance method in the temperature range of 25-210 °C, and the values of total lithium-ion conductivity were calculated. It was found that Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 has the maximum values of lithium-ion conductivity in studied system – 1.4•10−4 S/cm at 25 °C. The Density Functional Theory modeling confirms that moderate Ta-doping is most suitable for enhancing of Li diffusion.
Investigation of Li-In alloy application as anode for all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Il’ina E A , Lylin E D , Plekhanov M S
Published: August 2021

The problem of the interface optimization between solid electrolyte and anode must be resolved for all-solid-state power sources creation. In the presented work, it is proposed to use Li-In alloy as anode material instead of metallic lithium. The wettability of the composite solid electrolyte based on Li7La3Zr2O12 by In and Li-In alloy was investigated by high-temperature optical dilatometry. The symmetric cells with metallic lithium and Li-In alloy were assembled and their resistance was measured at room temperature. It was established that Li-In alloy application leads to a significant decrease in the resistance at the interface between anode and solid electrolyte (from 37.2 to 0.5 kΩ cm2). So, it can be concluded that using of Li-In alloy leads to the interface optimization between anode and composite electrolyte based on cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 and can be applied for all-solid-state power sources creation.
Proton transfer in V2O5–P2O5 glasses
Authors: Raskovalov A A , Belyakov S A , Saetova N S
Published: August 2021

Proton transfer in porous V2O5–P2O5 glasses is shown for the first time using measurements of electrical conductivity as a function of air humidity. The materials under consideration are characterized by reversible physical sorption of water at temperatures below 100 °C, during which the conductivity decreases. Irreversible chemisorption of water is observed at 150 °C, which leads to the appearance of proton transfer.
Ordering of A-cations in lead-free oxides with a filled tetragonal tungsten bronze structure
Authors: Bunin M A , Bunina O A , Chumachenko K S
Published: August 2021

By X-ray powder diffraction, the structure of polycrystalline lead-free oxides K4Bi2Nbl0O30
and Na2Sr4Nb10O30 was refined with an emphasis on ordering in the A-sites of the tetragonal tungsten bronze crystal lattice. It was shown that the studied oxides have different types of cationic ordering, which does not change at ferroelectric phase transition. The results are consistent with the piezoresponse force microscopy data.
Analysis of the properties of the mixture’s components on the basis of construction and polymeric materials waste
Authors: Dyadichev V V , Dyadichev A V , Skliarov V , Dorozhkina M A , Menyuk S G , Chornobay S Y
Published: August 2021

The paper presents the technologies of obtaining composite structures on the basis of secondary polymeric and construction materials filled with coordination compounds, got by the mixture’s coextrusion through the coextrusion head as well as by the extrusion pressing-out through the fillister head. It has been found out that with the decrease in the size of the layer’s boundary and with the increase of the layers’ durability the friction coefficient diminishes. Besides, reaching the friction coefficient’s value at the established stage happens during a longer period than for a single-layer structure. The value of the tear-and-wear for a multilayer composite structure is much less than for a single-layer one. A multilayer composite structure is recommended to be used as an antifriction material under low pressures at a high slip velocity. It is demonstrated that due to the addition of the filler on the basis of coordination compounds into separate layers during the coextrusion molding it is possible to obtain the material with the improved wear resistance.
Increased wear resistance of cutting tools with carbide inserts due to diffusion discrete oxidation
Authors: Chekalova E A , Zhuravlev A V
Published: August 2021

A method for the formation of diffusion discrete oxidation on a carbide cutting tool is proposed. Comparative studies on the wear resistance of hard-alloy plates with diffusion discrete oxidation and without coating have been carried out. It was found out that the technology of discrete oxidation makes it possible to increase the wear resistance of the cutting tool by a factor of 1.5-1.8 in comparison with the original insert.
Influence of high-pressure torsion on the deformation nature of Vit105 metallic glasses during microhardness tests
Authors: Astanin Vasily , Gabbyasova Ruzalina , Astanin Vladimir
Published: August 2021

Severe plastic deformation by torsion leads to a decrease in the microhardness of Zr-based BMG, while relaxing annealing, on the contrary, increases it. It was found that the microhardness and the nature of deformation near the indentation depend on the applied load. At low loads, the formation of shear bands is observed. With increasing load, the tendency towards homogeneous deformation increases.
Determination of macro-stresses in half-cycles of thermal fatigue tests
Authors: Degtyareva S P , Peskishev S A
Published: August 2021

The published results of thermal fatigue studies, which also included metallographic observations during the tests, are analyzed. All tests were performed on flat corset samples, in which, as in products, the plastic deformation (εpl) in the cycle can vary widely. In addition, they allow you to vary the εpl by changing the parameters of the sample shape. A method and device for determining the tensile stresses in the cooling half-cycle in tests on corset samples are proposed and tested. They are an important parameter, as they control the formation and growth of cracks in the material of products during the development of thermal fatigue.
Evaluation of heat resistance of carbon fiber reinforced plastics based on organosilicon compounds
Authors: Panina K S , Danilov E A , Gareev A R
Published: August 2021

The paper presents composite materials based on elastomeric matrices in combination with phenol-formaldehyde resin, reinforced with carbon fiber fabric. Technology of obtaining composites is described. Polymer binder has been modified by introducing inorganic additives (SiC, ZrB2, glass microspheres). Experimental data of thermogravimetric analysis of the obtained carbon plastics are presented. Comparative tensile strength tests of composite materials have been carried out before and after plasma treatment. Materials described in the paper are intended for use in high-temperature heat shielding.
Study of inhibiting properties of multicomponent systems in aggressive media in the presence of surfactants
Authors: Niyazbekova A B , Almagambetova M Zh , Gubaidullina G M
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the anticorrosive properties of inorganic orthophosphate compositions in relation to St-3 steel in an oil-water environment in the presence of surfactants, depending on the pH of the medium, the nature and concentration of phosphate, the nature of the modifier ion. The research was conducted using State Standard-based methods: gravimetry, potentiometry, photocolorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of experimental data, quantitative indicators of corrosion process were determined: the rate of corrosion process, the degree of protection, the depth index, the coefficient of inhibition and the assessment of the stability of the formed film on the ball scale of corrosion resistance against steel. The analysis of experimental data allows to establish the influence of the above factors on the corrosion processes in the systems under study. The experimental data are supplemented by thermodynamic calculations of the corrosion process parameters, the results of which correlate well with the kinetic data of the process under study. In the course of the research work, the analysis of corrosion deposits was also carried out. The regularities established during the work contribute to the creation of effective orthophosphate inhibitors with the highest degrees of protection.
Protective primers with reduced zinc powder content caused by the addition of core-shell micro talc/polyaniline pigment
Authors: Vakhitov T R , Katnov V E , Xolmurodov T A , Stepin S N
Published: August 2021

This study aims to verify the possibility of replacing a portion of zinc (up to 30 wt.%) with a newly designed micro talc/polyaniline (PANI) core-shell pigment that can be used in the protective primer compositions for metals. Measurements of the electrode potential of painted steel and the electrical capacity of the steel/coating/electrolyte system showed that synthesized pigment bears two functions. Firstly, its presence in the epoxy-amine coatings provides a cathodic protection mechanism for steel with the lower zinc content. Secondly, it allows long-term preservation of the sacrificial metal activity and passive state of the substrate due to the autocatalytic redox cycle based on the reversible conversion of PANI from its emeraldine to leucoemeraldine form. The corresponding mechanism that allows the retaining of sacrificial metal activity and the passive state of the substrate is proposed.
The structure of the chromium plating on steel fabricated using iodine transport
Authors: Bogdanov S P , Khristiuk N A , Sychov M M
Published: August 2021

A comprehensive study of the composition, structure, and properties of chromium-containing coatings obtained under various modes of chemical-thermal treatment (CTT) of steels with chromium has been carried out. The method of iodine transport was used as the CTT technology. On the example of Armco iron, steels 20, 45, U12 (C110W2), the effect of carbon on the phase composition and structure of coatings is shown. Based on the data obtained, the optimal conditions for obtaining coatings are recommended, providing a comprehensive increase in the operational properties of products.
Thin-film solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Materials and technology
Authors: Naumov V V , Rudy A S , Tortseva Yu S
Published: August 2021

The results on the study of functional layers of a solid-state thin-film lithium-ion batteries are presented. Thin-films of lithium cobaltite (positive electrode), silicon nanocomposite (negative electrode) and lithium phosphorus-oxynitride (solid electrolyte) were studied by the methods of electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis and X-ray phase analysis. Technological modes have been determined which make it possible to obtain functional layers with a large-block and columnar structure providing the full depth of electrodes lithiation-delithiation and high ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte.
Features of sorption and sensory interaction of boron-nitride nanotubes with alkali metal atoms
Authors: Zaporotskova I , Boroznina N , Zaporotskov P , Boroznin S , Kozhitov L
Published: August 2021

Theoretical studies of sorption and sensory interaction of modified boronitride nanotube with functional amine group (-NH2) are presented in this article. The study is conducted on alkali metal atoms. The results presented in this paper can form the basis of a highly effective sensor for determining the presence of certain elements contained in ultra-small quantities.
Study of modification of carbon univariate nanostructures with boron atoms impurities
Authors: Zaporotskova I , Boroznin S , Boroznina N
Published: August 2021

The article describes peculiarities of structure and influence on electron-energy properties of carbon nanotubes, whose surface is structurally modified with replacing boron atoms. Various substitution options and the percentage of boron and carbon atoms are considered, the width of the band gap is established depending on the percentage of boron atoms on the surface of the nanotube. The results presented in this article can form the basis for recommendations on the possibility of managing the conductive properties of nanomaterials.
Dielectric dispersion of Ag/PAN nanocomposites
Authors: Kudryashov M A , Logunov A A , Mochalov L A
Published: August 2021

The dependence of the electric modulus of silver/polyacrylonitrile nanocomposites on the ac field frequency has been studied at different temperatures and AgNO3 content in the base mixture. The observed relaxational maxima on the frequency dependences of the electric modulus’ imaginary part are connected with the interfacial polarization. It was shown that the frequency electric modulus’ experimental points are well-described by the Cole-Davidson model, correspondingly. The values of the relaxation times and the activation energies of these structures have been estimated by this model.
Strengthening of polymer ropes based on polypropylene with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zaporotskova I V , Elbakyan L S , Vilkeeva D E
Published: August 2021

The issues of using carbon nanotubes as fillers to strengthen polymer ropes used in the mining industry, oil and gas production, metallurgy, power engineering, etc. are considered in the work. The method for producing a nanocomposite based on polypropylene doped with carbon nanotubes has been developed. Experimental studies of the most significant strength characteristics of the created prototypes of polymer composite materials have been carried out. To determine the mechanisms acting upon the introduction of nanotubes into the polymer matrix, DFT calculations of the interaction of propylene monomer with the surface of single-walled nanotubes of different diameters and chirality have been performed.
Sensor activity of titanium dioxide nanotubes in relation to acetone molecules
Authors: Zaporotskova I V , Vilkeeva D E , Elbakyan L S
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the theoretical study results of the possibility of acetone, common volatile organic compound (VOCs) in human respiration, with titanium dioxide nanotubes. The efficiency of interaction of the acetone molecule with the TiO2 nanotube is analyzed. Recommendations for the creation of highly sensitive sensor devices using titanium dioxide nanotubes for diagnostics of various diseases have been developed.
Technological aspects of glass matrix production of temperature-resistant sitall coatings based on secondary industrial products
Authors: Lazareva E A , Minko N I , Yu Lazareva G
Published: August 2021

The paper considers technological aspects of the production of glass matrices of heat-resistant sitall coatings for the protection of nichrome alloys obtained on the basis of the RxOy-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2 system (R = Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Fe3+, Mn4) using secondary raw materials are considered. The results of experimental studies of the synthesis and physico-chemical properties of matrix glasses for slag-and-metal coatings are presented.
Modified early-strength concrete mix
Authors: Perfilov V A
Published: August 2021

This paper suggests new early-strength concrete mixes composed of Portland cement, coarse and fine aggregates, a complex modifying admixture containing carbon nano tubes and bishofite produced at the Volgograd deposit. The paper represents the findings of scientific and experimental research and describes the impact of the suggested admixtures on the structure formation, rheological, physical and mechanical properties of the early-strength concrete. The micro-structural analysis revealed that the concrete mix containing a complex modifier is characterized by compact cement-and-sand matrix and a more homogeneous structure at the interface with the grains of the coarse aggregate. Review of the test results proved that the suggested composition and the complex admixture dosage contribute to decreased water-cement ratio, increased fluidity of concrete and a higher strength of hardened concrete at the early and final hardening stages.
The degree of survivability of building structures under dynamic loading
Authors: Sarkisov D U , Galyautdinov D R , Zbojkova N A
Published: August 2021

The relevance of the work is due to the increasing possibility of impact on the critical building structures of industrial buildings of short-term dynamic loads in abnormal emergencies. These situations lead to significant damage of the constructions of buildings. There is a high possibility of human victims and significant damage of expensive technological equipment when the structures collapse. Therefore, in order to ensure further functioning of the structure, it is necessary to design building structures as well as the object on the whole with the properties of survivability under non-stationary impact. Such properties should be analyzed when constructing scenarios of origination and development of emergency situations as well as analyzing risks. In the course of the research the strain gauge methods were used to measure deflections, accelerations and loads on the samples. The work proposes a method for assessing the degree of survivability of a critical building structure under short-term dynamic loading based on the analysis of the energy parameter. Using the example of a specific test of a bending reinforced concrete element for short-term dynamic load the values of the specified coefficient were obtained.
Modeling of polarization relaxation of solid electrolyte LiPON in the low temperatures range
Authors: Novozhilova A V , Rudy A S , Tortseva Yu S
Published: August 2021

The paper presents the results of studying the polarization relaxation mechanism in solid electrolyte LiPON by the method of discharge through an external load. Test cells made in the form of encapsulated multilayer structures SiO2/Pt/LiPON/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si were tested on a stand for discharge characteristics measuring. To explain the discharge curves, an equivalent LiPON circuit and a mathematical model of polarization relaxation during discharge are proposed. By fitting the parameters of a mathematical model, the Maxwellian relaxation times of lithium ions and that of the LiPON ionic polarization relaxation are determined.
Mathematical model of thermal processes in metals during pulse processing with concentrated energy fluxes
Authors: Kozyr’ I G , Komolikov A S , Kuzenkov S E
Published: August 2021

The paper considers mathematical modeling of thermal processes in metals during pulsed processing by concentrated energy flows. Calculations of thermal processes in steels under pulsed heating are given, considering the phase transformations and the temperature dependences of the thermophysical properties, as well as the space-time characteristics of the thermal energy source. It is shown that the created mathematical model is universal for various sources of thermal energy and adequately describes the space-time distribution of temperature fields during pulsed heating of the surface layers of metals and alloys.
The simulation of water-oil emulsion separation process in a settling tank with corrugated plates
Authors: Zinurov V E , Dmitriev A V , Patrakova G R
Published: August 2021

This research paper deals with the problem of increasing the efficiency of water-oil emulsion separation. In order to intensify the process of its stratification, the internal baffles with orientation of corrugations at an angle of 45° were studied. The numerical simulation of emulsion separation process inside the apparatus was conducted by means of ANSYS Fluent software package. In the course of studies, three models of apparatus of different geometrical dimensions were considered. Each subsequent design was by 50% larger than the previous one. The results of studies allowed to make a conclusion that the separation efficiency of water-oil emulsion is on average equal to 73.7%. At the same time, a peak range was determined, corresponding to the rates from 0.05 to 0.17 m/s, at which the separation efficiency is on average equal to 77.7%. The maximum separation efficiency of at least 80%, regardless of dimensions of apparatus, is achieved at the emulsion rate equal to 0.11 m/s and rates close to this value. The emulsion movement rate, the size and density of oil globules are the key indicators that affect the change in the efficiency of water-oil emulsion separation into components.
Model Construction for Far Field Eddy Current Examination Simulation on Ferromagnetic Tubes
Authors: Du Haoyang , Yang Zhou , Cui Lun , Xiao Huixu
Published: August 2021

Ferromagnetic tubes are widely applied in fossil power plants such as waterfall tubes, overheat tubes or reheating tubes. Outer surface corrosion, wearing, depth reduction, cracks are common defects during manufacturing and long term operation. Eddy current detection is a traditional method for the examination of surface and near surface defects. However the efficiency is restricted by lift-off effect and skim effect. Far field eddy current overcomes the above disadvantages with high efficiency and fast examination speed and high sensitivity. In this paper, numerical simulation has been carried out to study the far field eddy current Detection for defects in small diameter ferromagnetic tubes in fossil power plants.
3D Modeling for Kitchen Scene in a Hospital
Authors: Tsai Wen-Lung , Liu Xing-Ying
Published: August 2021

This research focused on hospital diet management to explore the design of 3D models for kitchen scenes and the facilities of a hospital. Hospital diet management has standard operating procedures, but most people have never seen the kitchen environment within a hospital. Hence, the ongoing research highlights the foodservice procedure and makes a live-action film to complete 3D modeling and animated scenes within a hospital. This research applied the 3ds Max and other multimedia technologies in the medical and healthcare fields. The presentation of the virtualized scene and facilities is realistic and detailed. This research illustrates that the diet management process can be done quickly by 3D modeling and animation. It can also be applied to healthcare education and train new employees who need to understand the carrier’s details as soon as possible.
Predicting the Cases of Hepatitis B with the A-LSTM Model
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Yali , Yang Cong , Zhang Baolin
Published: August 2021

Hepatitis B is a disease caused by hepatitis B virus. It’s of great value to predict the cases of hepatitis B because of its strong infectivity and carcinogenicity. To predict the monthly new patients of hepatitis B in China accurately, a neural network with an attention-based LSTM model is proposed. Driven by the historical data provided by the Data-center of China Public Health Science, the model’s evaluation indexes of RMSE, MAPE, MAE and R-squared are 1780.495, 1.789%, 1469.208 and 0.867 respectively, while the evaluation indexes of BPNN are 3532.959, 3.311%, 2677.009 and 0.478 respectively. The result shows that A-LSTM model in this work has an excellent prediction on the monthly new patients of hepatitis B and performs much better than BPNN and other traditional time series models.