bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eco-justice Pedagogy All’Italiana: Radical Italian Art in the Italian-language Classroom
Authors: Formato Giuseppe
Published: December 2020

The climate crisis threatens our very existence in a myriad of urgent ways and thus merits imperative focus in pedagogic practices in general. This focus is achievable in Italian-language classrooms, where issues of global warming and climate crises are seldom mentioned, through artistic themes from Italy’s rich cultural heritage of the arts. The radical art movement of Arte Povera has the potential to bring ecological concerns to the forefront through a critical cultural lens of the country. By drawing upon images of the Arte Povera movement, concepts of eco-justice and eco-pedagogy can occur through paradigms of art-based education to not only discuss the impact of the climate crisis in Italy, but also achieve Italian-language acquisition critically.
Percepções das gestantes quanto à escolha da via de parto
Authors: Spigolon Dandara Novakowski , Teston Elen Ferraz , Maran Edilaine , Varela Patrícia Louise Rodrigues , Biazyan Sumie Fateme , Ribeiro Beatriz Maria dos Santos Santiago
Published: December 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer as percepções das gestantes quanto à escolha da via de parto. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com gestantes de um município da região noroeste do Estado do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, audiogravadas. Para o tratamento dos dados, adotou-se o discurso do sujeito coletivo. Participaram 20 gestantes, das quais 13 realizaram o parto cesárea. De acordo com as respostas das entrevistas foram geradas 25 expressões-chaves e delas originaram-se cinco ideias centrais: A – “Preferência pelo parto normal”, na qual metade das gestantes optou inicialmente por essa via de parto; B – “Indicação da via de parto cesárea”, escolhida por nove gestantes (45%) com indicação médica, a despeito da preferência prévia pelo parto normal; C – “Escolha de via de parto cesárea”, com quatro (20%) mulheres que escolheram essa via por medo da dor; D – “Satisfação com via de parto realizada”, via pela qual todas as mulheres (35%) que realizaram parto normal expressaram satisfação; e E – “Dualidade entre satisfação e sofrimento com a via de parto realizada”, misto de sentimento vivenciado por todas mulheres que realizaram cesárea. Concluiu-se que metade das gestantes tem preferência pelo parto normal, mas a maioria acabou por realizar o parto cesárea. Na percepção das entrevistadas, as escolhas da via de parto cesáreo foram decorrentes de indicação médica, medo, insegurança e desejo pela laqueadura. Sugerem-se ações educativas esclarecedoras para diminuir inseguranças nas decisões das gestantes e possibilitar autonomia na escolha consciente quanto à via de parto
Distributed Environment Modeling using Path Compression Algorithm
Authors: Bakır Çiğdem , Hakkoymaz Veli
Published: December 2020

In distributed environment, some operations related to objects are performed. For example, objects can be accessed or they can be moved. In our study, events related to objects (object-access, object-move) were created as independent events. In this study, the distributed environment simulation was performed and the effectiveness and success of the path compression algorithm, which we proposed as a result of the experimental study, was demonstrated. The purpose of this study is to show the effectiveness and benefits of the path compression algorithm. Path compression algorithm is an efficient algorithm whose runtime is linear. With the path compression, the long node chain that is formed while data objects are passing between the source node and the destination is broken, so that the objects are retrieved fast and the cost of access is reduced. This result is shown with experimental study by modeling the distributed environment. It is shown comparative the results of the distributed environment simulation according to the various Access/Move (%) rates using binomial distribution. When we use the path compression, the maximum length and mean length of the chain decreases. Thus, with the path compression algorithm, the long node chain created by the objects is broken, the cost of accessing the objects is reduced, and fast access to the objects is ensured. In short, with our study, fast access to data is ensured in a distributed environment.
Cost Optimization of Homemade Diet for Dogs
Authors: Joban Husseın Alı Othman , Şahman Mehmet Akif , İnal Fatma
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, people raising pet animals in Turkey is increasing daily. The feeding of dogs, which are members of the houses as valuable assets, is at least as necessary as family members. Calculation of dogs' daily nutrient requirements, maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactating, working, etc. are very variable and require an intense estimate. Feeding pet dogs only with industrially prepared foods can affect the economy of the family and the health of dogs negatively. Mainly, it is continuously questioned by the animal owners whether foods and additives that may harm health are used in industrially prepared foods. Desktop, web, and mobile-based software are used in the animal feeding area. Nevertheless, according to the researches, there is no web-based software that is used for dog diet preparation that can be used by dog owners who can calculate precisely the daily nutrient requirements of dogs and meet these requirements with available ingredients so far. The data used in this study were taken from Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Animal Nutrition Department. In this study, a linear programming model is proposed to calculate dog diets that both can meet the nutrient requirements of dogs and can engage cost optimization. User-friendly web-based dog diet preparation software is performed.
Por una nueva solidaridad: El Corno Emplumado y la conformación de una red de fraternidad intelectual (1962-1969)
Authors: Domenech Hernández Grethel
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo busca analizar el proyecto de solidaridad intelectual que articuló la revista mexicana El Corno Emplumado (1962-1969), el cual formó parte de una amplia red intelectual de solidaridad que se estableció a nivel continental y con un carácter transnacional. En los estudios sobre la intelectualidad de los sesenta, las revistas de corte contracultural como El Corno Emplumado y los proyectos de solidaridad de tipo intelectual no han sido los tópicos más revisados, de ahí el alto valor de acercarnos a esta temática desde otros enfoques y actores. Como se verá en las siguientes páginas, el desarrollo de un proyecto de solidaridad a través de una red intelectual representó una novedosa y diferente forma de establecer relaciones intelectuales para la época y produjo importantes momentos como el Movimiento de Nueva Solidaridad y el Primer Encuentro de Poetas.
Fuzzy Cluster Analysis on Influencing Factors of College Student Scores
Authors: Wen Jia , Wei Xiaochong , Liu Haipeng , Rong Yiyuan
Published: December 2020

In the age of the Internet, the learning environment is increasingly diversified. It is of great importance to explore the factors that truly affect the college student scores. Focusing on 13 factors that potentially influence college student scores, this paper carries out a questionnaire survey on students of different grades from different colleges, conducts fuzzy processing of the collected data, randomly selects the processed data for initialization of attribute values. Then, the initialized data were subject to principal component analysis (PCA), fuzzy cluster analysis (FCA), and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Through the analysis, six factors were identified as the key factors affecting college student scores: family factor, Exam factor, exchange factor, learner factor, classmate factor, and campus factor. On this basis, the authors called for the concerted efforts from the school, teachers, and students for improving the teaching quality in colleges.
The Use of Social Media as Learning Tools in the Era of 4.0 for Elementary School
Authors: Roemintoyo Reomintoyo , Muhammad Adi Sifa , Budiarto Mochamad Kamil
Published: December 2020

This study aims to analyze and study several studies that identify the use of social media in the primary school domain.This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a discourse analysis approach. The data were taken from research with the same theme and then compared various opinions from experts through in-depth literature studies. This research is the result of research by Ayu Kurnia et al (2019, Istikomariah (2016), Muhammad Fajar et al (2020), and Muhammad Irfan et al. (2020). This research was conducted to examine some of these studies then take the positive aspects in the form of L (1).) Formulation and clear research objectives; (2) The data generated uses official and valid literacy; (3) The research method used in detail; (4) Clear stages of implementing the use of social media; (5) Presenting research results using tables or graphs that are implemented easily; (6) The discussion of research results is carried out with expert opinion; (7) The research conclusion must have advantages and disadvantages in the use of social media in elementary schools. From the research results, this review can be used as new and reinforcing further research with the theme of using social media.
Optimal Models of Education and Training based on the Content Analysis of the Hadiths of Shiite Imams
Authors: Etratdoost Muhammad , Samadanian Mohsen
Published: December 2020

Among the most important duties of the pure Imams are to spread Islamic teachings, to prepare the ground to deepen such education, and to educate the Islamic society so as to reach perfection and salvation. Indeed, different methods have been used to such an end, one which is to teach praying and its propagation at different occasions among the members of the Islamic society in order to promote Islamic Lifestyle. In this article, the authors have studied methodologically and analytically the prepositions in Imam Reza (AS) (eighth Imam of Shī'a) prayers. The aim was to find the role and applications of such an instinctual and religious tool in educating members of society and to come up with a general model which explains, from Imam Reza (AS)’s viewpoint, the training methods to lead people and Islamic society, i.e. Islamic Lifestyle fulfillment. For this end, using content analysis method, each prayer’s speech framework and their aspects were first classified based on topic. Then they were analyzed to reach the governing system of the prayers language, to discover the training methods and the ways for their localization in the society’s educational system, and to find the best methods to propagate Islamic lifestyle.
An Analytical Study on The Effective Approaches to Facilitate Higher Education Cooperate with Industry: Based on Faculty Members Perspective
Authors: Asmara Andik , Wu Ming-Chang
Published: December 2020

The government in the world through constitution and ministry establish a law to develop and strengthen the economic system; one of the laws regard education and industrialization. The part of education types which is close with industries are vocational schools and universities. Each university is encouraged to enhance collaboration with industry through a lot of effort. However, the crucial component to actuate collaboration in education viewpoint is the provision of the proponent facilities. Qualitative research was conducted through interviews to collect the data, and grounded theory was used to analyze the data. The six months internship, research collaboration on-job training establishes facilitators i.e. a person who facilitates cooperation effectively.
Scaffolding Augmented Reality Model to Enhance Deep Reading Skill
Authors: Piriyasurawong Pornpan
Published: December 2020

Deep Reading (DR) is an advance reading skill which requires the learners to immerse themselves in what they read to get its concept and details. For new learners it's difficult to acquire DR skill. This research designs Scaffolding Augmented Reality Model (SC-AR Model) as a scaffolding tool to create an immersive learning environment to enhance DR skill for new learners. The process of SC-AR Model consists of: 1) teaching about the theory of DR; 2) using Augmented Reality (AR) as visual media overlaying on the text while reading; and 3) testing after reading. The researcher implements SC-AR Model to the sample group and the result shows that the progress scores of learners are significantly higher, and higher than the group that read only the text, without SC-AR. The conclusion, therefore, is that SC-AR Model effectively improves learner's DR skill. This Model can also be applied to improve DR skill in any other foreign languages.
On Some Diagram Assertions in Preabelian and P-Semi-Abelian Categories
Authors:   Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Kopylov Yaroslav A.
Published: December 2020

As is well known, many important additive categories in functional analysis and algebra are not abelian. Many classical diagram assertions valid in abelian categories fail in more general additive categories without additional assumptions concerning the properties of the morphisms of the diagrams under consideration. This in particular applies to the so-called Snake Lemma, or the KerCoker-sequence. We obtain a theorem about a diagram generalizing the classical situation of the Snake Lemma in the context of categories semi-abelian in the sense of Palamodov. It is also known that, already in P-semi-abelian categories, not all kernels (respectively, cokernels) are semi-stable, that is, stable under pushouts (respectively, pullbacks). We prove a proposition showing how non-semi-stable kernels and cokernels can arise in general preabelian categories.
Mixed Problem for a Homogeneous Wave Equation with a Nonzero Initial Velocity and a Summable Potential
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kurdyumov Vitalii P. , Khromov Avgust P. ,   Saratov State University, Khalova Victoria A. ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2020

For a mixed problem defined by a wave equation with a summable potential equal-order boundary conditions with a derivative and a zero initial position, the properties of the formal solution by the Fourier method are investigated depending on the smoothness of the initial velocity u′t(x, 0) = ψ(x). The research is based on the idea of A. N. Krylov on accelerating the convergence of Fourier series and on the method of contour integrating the resolvent of the operator of the corresponding spectral problem. The classical solution is obtained for ψ(x) ∈ W1p (1 < p ≤ 2), and it is also shown that if ψ(x) ∈ Lp[0, 1] (1 ≤ p ≤ 2), the formal solution is a generalized solution of the mixed problem.
Dynamic Bending of an Infinite Electromagnetoelastic Rod
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Pham Duc Thong , Tarlakovskii Dmitry V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow University, Institute of Mechanics
Published: December 2020

The problem of non-stationary bending of an infinite electromagnetoelastic rod is considered. It is assumed that the material of the rod is a homogeneous isotropic conductor. The closed-form system of process equations is constructed under the assumption that the desired functions depend only on the longitudinal coordinate and time using the corresponding relations for shells which take into account the initial electromagnetic field, the Lorentz force, Maxwell’s equations, and the generalized Ohm’s law. The desired functions are assumed to be bounded, and the initial conditions are assumed to be null. The solution of the problem is constructed in an integral form with kernels in the form of influence functions. Images of kernel are found in the space of Laplace transformations in time and Fourier transformations in spatial coordinates. It is noted that the images are rational functions of the Laplace transform parameter, which makes it quite easy to find the originals. However, for a general model that takes into account shear deformations, the subsequent inversion of the Fourier transform can be carried out only numerically, which leads to computational problems associated with the presence of rapidly oscillating integrals. Therefore, the transition to simplified equations corresponding to the Bernoulli – Euler rod and the quasistationary electromagnetic field is carried out. The method of a small parameter is used for which a coefficient is selected that relates the mechanical and electromagnetic fields. In the linear approximation, influence functions are found for which images and originals are constructed. In this case, the zeroth approximation corresponds to a purely elastic solution. Originals are found explicitly using transform properties and tables. Examples of calculations are given for an aluminum rod with a square cross section. It is shown that for the selected material the quantitative difference from the elastic solution is insignificant. At the same time, taking into account the connectedness of the process leads to additional significant qualitative effects.
Toxicity of Upconversion Nanoparticles. Overview
Authors:   Saratov State University, Yanina Irina Yu. , Kochubey Vyacheslav I. ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: The object of the study was the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles. The aim is to overview the literature on the toxicity of various types of upconversion nanoparticles and to search for their maximum permissible concentration when administered to laboratory animals in vivo. Materials and Methods: The approach used has been the analysis of recent publications on the topic. Results: Upconversion particles are promising for visualization of the structure of biological tissues and organs in fluorescent light, as well as for use in diagnostics of diseases and photoinduced therapy. Nanoparticles with additional shells or functionalized by surface coating with targeted or photoactive molecules, allowing the creation of particles with several modalities, are considered. The phototoxicity of such particles is considered separately. When using nanoparticles for therapy or diagnostics of the state of living objects, the issue of toxicity is urgent. The toxic effect of upconversion nanoparticles on the body depends on their concentration upon administration, as well as on the total amount of nanoparticles correlated with the body weight. Conclusion: From the considered concentration dependences, based on the results of histological and biochemical studies, it was shown that, as a rule, no noticeable toxicity was observed in such particles, and the maximum permissible concentration of particles can be considered 2 mg/ml.
Modeling of Epidemics by Cellular Automata Lattices. SIRS Model with Reproduction and Migration
Authors:   Saratov State University, Shabunin Alexey V.
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Methods of population dynamics give the possibility to analyze many biological phenomena by constructing simple qualitative models, which allow to understand their nature and to predict their behavior. This approach is used to study the spread of epidemics of infectious diseases in biological and human populations. The work considers a modified SIRS model of epidemic spread in the form of a lattice of stochastic cellular automata. The model uses dynamic population control with a limitation of the maximum number of individuals in the population and the influence of the disease on reproduction processes. The effect of migration is explored. Materials and Methods: Numerical simulation of the square lattice of cellular automata by means of the Monte Carlo method, investigation of synchronization of oscillations by time-series analisys and by the coherence function. Results: The considered SIRS model demonstrates irregular oscillations in the number of infected individuals at certain values of the parameters. Weak diffusion produces a significant effect on the oscillations, changing their intensity, average period and constant components. The diffusion also leads to synchronization of processes on different regions of the population. Conclusion: The behavior of the lattice cellular automata SIRS model essentially differs from that of the ordinary differential equations. In particular, it can demonstrate the oscillatory regime, which is absent in the mean field approach, as well as the phenomenon of synchronization.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Analysis of Working Postures by OWAS among Saffron Harvesters
Authors: Rasoulivalajoozi Mohsen , Rasouli Mojtaba
Published: December 2020

Background and purpose: Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) annually dismiss numerous afflicted workers to medical centers and also cause inefficiency among the workers. Given that Iran is one of the major saffron producers and exporters, and having many workers involved, the present study was conducted with the aim to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and to analyze the postural conditions of saffron harvesters.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 110 saffron-harvesters were randomly selected. The prevalence of WRMSDs was examined through the Nordic Questionnaire (The data were analyzed using SPSS Software, Version 21), and corrective measurements were determined for these postures through the OWAS postural analysis.
Results: The results showed that the most compromised regions of any prevalent disorders were back (38%) and waist (31.6%). In the postural analysis, trunk (80%) and legs (13%) were among the corrective measurements of category II, and arms were at category I. In the analysis of combined postures, it was found that 46% of them were at corrective measurements of category II, and 31% were at category III.
Conclusion: Regarding the Nordic Questionnaire’s results and its comparison with the OWAS postural analysis, it was concluded that it was of utmost importance to take corrective measurements to prevent the mentioned damages. Therefore, main ergonomic recommendations and a product-oriented design guideline were advised to correct the postures.
Androgen Receptor Expression of Prostate Cancer Correlates with Gleason Score and Perineural Invasion in West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Putriyuni Anandia , Oktora Meta Zulyati
Published: December 2020

Prostate cancer is the second most common and the fifth leading cause of death by cancer in men worldwide now. The failure of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer caused by activated androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways mostly found. The role of AR in growth and progression of prostate cancer is still unclear. Analysis of AR expression in prostate cancer has never been done in West Sumatera. This study aims to determine AR expression of prostate cancer and correlate with Gleason score and perineural invasion. A total of 56 prostate cancer from department of anatomical pathology in West Sumatera. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained slides and paraffin blocks were retrieved. Slides of all cases were evaluated to review Gleason score, histopathological grading, WHO grade group based on ISUP 2014/WHO 2016 and perineural invasion. Androgen receptor immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied on all cases. High AR expression was the mostly found (51,79%). The mostly prostate cancer is Gleason score 9 (44,64%), histopathological grading poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (76,78%), WHO grade group 5 (48,21%). Perineural invasion was noted in 39,29%. There was significant statistical correlation between AR expression and Gleason score, but no significant correlation with perineural invasion. AR expression is the important marker of prostate cancer progression.
Migratory Bronchial Foreign Body: Role of Serial Radiographs and Review of Literature
Authors: Afiadigwe E.E. , Chime E.N. , Obasikene G. , Ezeanolue B C
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Foreign body impaction in the airway poses a great challenge of management to any Laryngology facility. Prompt localization of the foreign body and its endoscopic removal are the panacea for the successful extraction of the foreign body

Tracheobronchial foreign bodies depending on their size and site of initial impaction can migrate to other locations in the tracheobronchial tree making their identification and subsequent extraction more challenging for the endoscopist.

We present here and review the literature on three cases that throw up such challenges that were successfully managed by the authors to highlight this.  Serial radiograph can be useful in the management of such cases especially if delay occurred in its extraction after initial radiograph assessment.
EFICÁCIA DE PROCEDIMENTOS DE SUPERVISÃO PARA CONSTRUÇÃO DE TRÍPLICE CONTINGÊNCIA DE REFORÇAMENTO
Authors: Duarte Tatiana Lance , Guilhardi Hélio José , Banaco Roberto Alves
Published: December 2020

Supervisão clínica é uma atividade que promove o aprendizado do repertório de identificar, descrever, intervir e analisar as contingências de reforçamento que operam na vida do cliente. A análise de contingências de reforçamento é a ferramenta básica do analista do comportamento clínico para alcançar o objetivo de descrever as relações funcionais entre o que a pessoa faz e sente e o ambiente ao qual responde. Para identificar qual a forma mais eficaz de ensinar o terapeuta a construir a tríplice contingência de reforçamento em sessão, foram elaborados três procedimentos de supervisão. Foram definidos três grupos experimentais, sendo cada grupo composto por dois terapeutas e uma única supervisora comum aos três grupos. No Grupo 1, a supervisora usou os três procedimentos: instrução verbal, instrução verbal acrescida de autoclíticos e instrução verbal acrescida de autoclíticos e modelo; no Grupo 2, a supervisora usou dois dos procedimentos: instrução verbal acrescida de autoclíticos e instrução verbal acrescida de autoclíticos e modelo; e, no Grupo 3, a supervisora usou um procedimento: instrução verbal acrescida de autoclíticos e modelo. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que o procedimento de instrução verbal acrescida de autoclíticos e modelo foi o mais eficaz sobre o comportamento do terapeuta.Palavras-chave: procedimentos de supervisão clínica; instrução verbal; autoclíticos; apresentação de modelo; terapia por contingências de reforçamento (TCR); tríplice contingência de reforçamento.
In dogs undergoing elective procedures is medetomidine superior to acepromazine when used as a premedication?
Authors: Littlehales Rebecca
Published: December 2020

PICO question

In dogs undergoing elective procedures does the use of medetomidine during premedication result in an increase in anaesthetic complication rates, when compared to acepromazine?

 

Clinical bottom line

Category of research question

Treatment

The number and type of study designs reviewed

Four papers were critically reviewed, all of which were randomised controlled trials

Strength of evidence

Strong

Outcomes reported

There were some statistically significant differences between using medetomidine and acepromazine as premedications in the outcomes measured, but as the clinical parameters including blood pressure were still within acceptable clinical limits, the clinical benefits of these findings remain undetermined. There is also evidence to suggest that patients premedicated with medetomidine have less of a perioperative stress response than those receiving acepromazine, but in addition may have increased risk of cardiac conduction disturbances, but the clinical importance of these findings is also unknown

Conclusion

The overall findings showed that either drug can be used as a suitable premedication, but the differences in pain score postoperatively shown in one small study mean that due to its poor analgesic properties it is recommended when using acepromazine instead of medetomidine, that additional analgesia should be given to reduce postoperative pain for better animal welfare

 

How to apply this evidence in practice

The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.

Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Tubule Formation Segmentation Of Histopathological Image Of Breast Cancer By Using Clustering Method
Authors: Waasilah Hadiyyatan , Rulaningtyas Riries , Winarno Winarno , Rahaju Anny Setijo
Published: December 2020

Histopathological assessment is one of the examinations that allows the classification of breast cancer based on its level. Histopathological assessment factors are based on tubule formation, nuclear pleomorphism, and the mitotic count. This study only focused on tubule formation. The tubule formation was represented by a lumen surrounded a  nucleus. The segmentation of tubule histopathology of breast cancer method was using a combination of k-means clustering and graph cut. The image data used in this study were 15 images of breast cancer histopathology preparations using 5 variations in the number of clusters (k) in the k-means clustering method. The best results of tubule formation segmentation using k = 4, with an average value of balanced accuracy was 81.08% and the most optimal balanced accuracy results was 94.34%.
The effect of education and sporting experience of iranian premier league football players on their awareness of sports law
Authors: Azimi Mahdi , Rafsanjani Seyed Amir Reza Hosseinipour , Torkaman Mona
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between education and athletic background of Premier League football players on their awareness of sports Law. In this study, descriptive-analytical method and Spearman correlation coefficient were used. Ninety-five percent level was used as the criterion for rejecting the hypothesis. Questionnaires about variables were used to identify the sample group and the main questions about players' legal awareness were used for data collection. The results showed that Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.107, Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.204 and Kendall correlation coefficient was 0.139 and significant was 0.88. There is no relationship between awareness of sports law and the history of sports in the Premier League. Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.388, Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.204 and Kendall correlation coefficient of 0.139 and significant value of 0.001 indicated that there is a relationship between sport legal awareness and education of the Iranian Premier League players.
Initial Residual Curvature Configuration of Coiled Tubing and Analysis of the Effect on Downhole Buckling Behavior
Authors: Zhao Le , Zhang Hong , Duan Qingquan , Long Xiting
Published: December 2020

This study discusses the development of a finite element analysis (FEA) model that describes the bending and straightening process of coiled tubing (CT) at the wellhead and the buckling process after CT is run in wells. On this basis, this study calculates the initial residual bending configuration quantitatively for the first time and describes the residual stress and strain-changing regularity. The initial residual bending configuration of CT under wellbore constraints after running into the hole is sinusoidal, which essentially affects the CT downhole mechanical behavior. Simulating the buckling process of the CT string in the vertical and horizontal sections with the CT string assumed straight served as control subjects. This study verifies the accuracy of the numerical simulation method by comparing the results of critical buckling loads to previous research results. The initial residual bending configuration significantly affects axial load transfer and reduces the least axial force required to produce a helical buckling in the wellbore. The residual stress induced by the bending and straightening process at the wellhead makes the buckling and buckling release of CT downhole an elastic-plastic process, whereas it becomes an elastic buckling process if the initial configuration of the CT string is assumed straight. The comparison between the buckling process of CT with residual bending and CT without residual bending shows that the effect of residual bending on CT cannot be ignored when studying the downhole mechanical behavior or job design.
Ex-Vivo Forces Associated with Intrauterine Device Placement and Perforation: A Biomechanical Evaluation of Hysterectomy Specimens
Authors: Duncan Jane , Fay Kathryn E. , Sanders Jessica , Cappiello Benjamin , Saviers-Steiger Jane , Turok David K.
Published: December 2020

Background: This biomechanical analysis of hysterectomy specimens assesses the forces associated with intrauterine device placement. These include compressive forces required to cause uterine perforation with two commonly available commercial intrauterine device placement instruments and a metal uterine sound.Methods: We obtained hysterectomy specimens at a single academic center. All specimens resulted from excision for benign conditions in premenopausal women by any operative method. Within one hour of excision, we stabilized uterine specimens in an apparatus specifically designed for this analysis. A single, experienced clinician performed all experimental maneuvers and measured forces with a Wagner FDIX-25 force gauge. The investigator applied traction on a tenaculum to approximate force used during an intrauterine device placement. The maximum compressive force to the uterine fundus was determined by using manufacturers’ placement instruments for two commercially available products and a metal sound. Results: Sixteen individuals provided hysterectomy specimens. No complete perforations occurred while using loaded intrauterine devices; in a single observation the LNG IUS entered the myometrium. The plastic intrauterine device placement rod bowed in all attempts and did not perforate the uterine serosa at the fundus. A metal uterine sound created a complete perforation in all specimens, (p<.001). The lowest mean maximum force generated occurred with the levonorgestrel intrauterine system placement instrument 12.3 N (SD±3.8N), followed by the copper T380A intrauterine device placement instrument 14.1 N (SD±4.0N), and highest for the metal sound 17.9N (SD±7.6N) (P<0.01).Conclusions: In this ex-vivo model, metal uterine sounds caused complete perforation and intrauterine device placement instruments did not. This study received Institutional Review Board approval (IRB0059096).
Level of Knowledge and Wound Care Practice at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Ethiopia: A Survey in 180 Nurses
Authors: desta melak , Tenaw Manaye , Ayalew Emiru
Published: December 2020

BackgroundWound infections are a global public health challenge, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Poor wound care results delayed wound healing process and wound infections. Improving the knowledge and practice of wound care is paramount to reduce wound infection. However, there is no study done in Ethiopia. This study was aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of nurses who worked at Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital towards wound healing and care. MethodsA survey was conducted among 180 nurses worked in Felegehiwot specialized hospital during January 1 to 30, 2018. The study participants were selected through simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study participants. Both Bivariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression was done and proportional odds ratio (POR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported to show the strength of association. A p-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistically significant.ResultIn this study, 34 (18.7%) and 17 (9.3%) of nurses have a good knowledge and practice on wound healing and care. While 41.8% and nearly three-fourths (60%) of the participants have a poor level of knowledge and practice on wound care respectively. Working experience of fewer than 5 years (aPOR 0.42, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.72), working in the surgical ward (aPOR 5.45, 95 % CI: 1.61, 2.21) and in the emergency department (aPOR, 0.26, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.18) were significant factors of knowledge of wound care. While, get training (aPOR 1.9, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.87) and good knowledge (aPOR 5.56, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.26) on wound care increased the level of practice. ConclusionsThe knowledge and practice of wound care of nurses were found to be poor. Above two-fifth of nurses doesn’t provide predischarge education on wound care. For this, provision of a structured preservice and in-service training and education program on wound healing and care, improve nurses educational level or experience sharing, establish and put in place wound healing and care guideline and assessment tools in hospitals and conduct the further qualitative study the level of wound care practice was recommended.
Heterogeneity in the Association Between Prediabetes Categories and Development of Impaired Renal Function in A 5-Year Follow-Up 
Authors: Manouchehri Marjan , Cea-Soriano Lucía , Franch-Nadal Josep , Ruiz Antonio , Goday Albert , Villanueva Rosa , Diez-Espino Javier , Mata-Cases Manel , Girladez-García Carolina , Regidor Enrique
Published: December 2020

Background: Impaired renal function (IRF) in patients with diabetes impose a significant health burden. This study evaluates the association of three diagnostic categories of with a reduction on glomerular filtration rate Methods: We used data from PREDAPS prospective study a cohort of 1072 subjects with prediabetes and another cohort of 772 subjects without prediabetes were follow-up from 2012 to 2017. Prediabetes was defined according to American Association of Diabetes (ADA) criteria. IRF was defined as having a glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Incidence rate of IRF according to prediabetes and diagnostic categories of prediabetes as well as Kaplan Meir figures were calculated. Hazard ratios (HR) for the association of the prediabetes diagnostic categories of prediabetes with IRF, adjusting for potential confounders, were estimated by Cox regression models.Results: IRF Incidence rate per 100 person-years in subjects without prediabetes was 1.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34-2.21) and 1.79 (95%CI: 1.45-2.20) for those with prediabetes stage, log rank test p= 0.84. Prediabetes was associated with an adjusted HR of IRF onset of 0.76 (95% CI: 0. 54-1.07). Corresponding HR for diagnostic categories were 0.68 (95%CI:0.40-1.15) for those with both altered parameters, 0.68 (95%CI: 00.40-1.15) for those with only impaired HbA1c and 1.12 (95%CI: 0.68-1.85) for those with only impaired FPG. Conclusions: The present study reflects an overall trend towards a slightly decreased risk of IRF onset associated to prediabetes except for individuals with only isolated impaired FPG. Further studies are warranted to fully assess the renal progression of each group.
WITHDRAWN: Fungal Sensing Skin
Authors: Adamatzky Andrew , Gandia Antoni , Chiolerio Alessandro
Published: December 2020

BackgroundA fungal skin is a thin exible sheet of a living homogeneous mycelium made by a lamentous fungus. The skin could be used in future living architectures of adaptive buildings and as a sensing living skin for soft self-growing/adaptive robots.ResultsIn experimental laboratory studies we demonstrate that the fungal skin is capable for recognising mechanical and optical stimulation. The skin reacts dierently to loading of a weight, removal of the weight, and switching illumination on and off.ConclusionsThese are the rst experimental evidences that fungal materials can be used not only as mechanical `skeletons' in architecture and robotics but also as intelligent skins capable for recognition of external stimuli and sensorial fusion.
Role of Exercise Testing and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Paradoxical Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Marí-López Belén , Izquierdo-Gómez María Manuela , Laynez-Cerdeña Ignacio , Duque-González Amelia , Isla Leopoldo Pérez de , Baeza-Garzón Flor , García-Niebla Javier , Lacalzada-Almeida Juan
Published: December 2020

Background The clinical behavior and prognosis of patients with asymptomatic paradoxical low-gradient aortic stenosis (PLGAS) still remain controversial. Some authors consider PLGAS as an echocardiographically poorly quantified moderate AS (MAS). We aimed to investigate the clinical behavior of PLGAS by comparing it with that of asymptomatic high-gradient aortic stenosis (HG-AS) and MAS using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with speckle tracking imaging (STI) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).Methods A cohort of 113 patients was included and categorized into three groups according to AS type: MAS (n=63), HG-AS (n=29), and PLGAS (n=21). Patients’ clinical data were obtained. Patients underwent 2D TTE with STI and CPET. Results There were no significant differences in the clinical variables between the three AS groups. In the multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis, with PLGAS being the reference category, the most powerful variable for establishing a difference with HG-AS was the left ventricular mass (LVM) indexed by body-surface area (odds ratio [OR]=1.04, confidence interval [CI]=1.01-1.06, p<0.05). The MAS group showed a lower valvuloarterial impedance (OR=0.262, CI=0.12-0.59, p=0.001), fewer abnormal CPET (OR=0.198, CI=0.06-0.69, p<0.05), and higher left ventricle global longitudinal strain rate (GLSR) (OR=0.003, CI=0.00-0.35, p<0.05) than the PLGAS group.Conclusions TTE with STI and CPET established the clear differences between patients with asymptomatic PLGAS and those with asymptomatic MAS, as well as the similarities between patients with PLGAS and those with HG-AS. Our data identifies PLGAS as a completely different entity from MAS.
Hypoxia-Induced ROS Promotes Mitochondrial Fission and Cisplatin Chemosensitivity via HIF-1α/Mff Regulation
Authors: Wu Kun , Mao Yuan-yuan , Chen Qi , Zhang Bolin , Zhang Sheng , Wu Han-jiang , Li Yan
Published: December 2020

BackgroundChemotherapy treatment based on Cisplatin (CDDP) is established as the drug of choice for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Malignant tumors respond to microenvironment alteration through a dynamic balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion. HNSCC is known to have hypoxic conditions, yet the effects and underlying mechanisms of hypoxia on chemosensitivity and mitochondrial dynamics remain unclear. ResultsWe found that hypoxia promoted mitochondrial fission and CDDP sensitivity in HNSCC cells. Importantly, Mff was shown to be correlated with chemosensitivity in clinical samples of HNSCC that underwent a hypoxic condition. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α-subunit (HIF-1α) dramatically increased Mff transcriptional expression and directly bound to Mff. Hypoxia enhanced the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulated the expression of Mff via HIF-1α in HNSCC cells. ROS depletion in HNSCC cells attenuated HIF-1α, Mff expression, and mitochondrial fission. Moreover, a knockdown of Mff suppressed hypoxia-induced mitochondrial fission and decreased CDDP chemosensitivity in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions﻿Our findings revealed that the hypoxia-induced release of ROS promoted mitochondrial fission and CDDP chemosensitivity via the regulation of HIF-1α/Mff in HNSCC cells, indicating that Mff may serve as a new biomarker to predict neoadjuvant chemosensitivity in HNSCC patients.
Self-Adaptive Spike Voltage-dependent Plasticity Emulated by a Metalloporphyrin-Based Memristor
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Wang Laiyuan , Wu Yiming , Bian Linyi , Nagai Masaru , Jv Ruolin , Xie Linghai , Ling Hai-Feng , Li Qi , Bian Hongyu , Yi Mingdong , Shi Naien , Liu Xiaogang , Huang Wei
Published: December 2020

By threshold-regulated neural firing and synaptic weight updates in biological neuron–synapse combinations, neural systems can selectively and autonomously encode and process spatiotemporal information. Emulating such an exquisite biological process in electronic devices is a fundamental step toward realizing intelligent neuromorphic systems with self-adaptivity, energy-efficient in-situ edge/parallel computing, and probabilistic inference. Here we report a self-threshold design of prototype artificial axons based on metalloporphyrin, a molecular medium that allows dual electronic/ionic migration in hybrid heterojunction oxide memristors. Threshold behaviors in biological neurons are emulated by introducing metalloporphyrin into alumina-oxide memristors. We show that the memristor achieves smooth, gradual conductive transitions. As a unique feature of such a hybrid system, the endurable current-voltage characteristics of the memristor can be enhanced by altering the metal center to achieve the desired metal–oxygen bonding energy and oxygen migration dynamics. The spike voltage-dependent plasticity is recorded with a positive threshold voltage stemming from the interfacial counterbalance between the vacancy-induced Coulomb force and the external electric field. We further build memristive arrays that directly emulate the self-adaptive and signal-filtering function of the human visual system. These results suggest that the metalloporphyrin platform offers vast opportunities for implementing efficient neural-signal analysis in neuromorphic hardware.
Mediating Effect of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Compassion Satisfaction on the Association Between Stress and Burnout: the Korea Nurses’ Health Study
Authors: Lee Hyangkyu , Baek Wonhee , Lim Arum , Lee Dajung , Yanghee Pang , Kim Oksoo
Published: December 2020

BackgroundNurses’ burnout is a public health epidemic around the world that adversely affects nurses’ quality of life as well as the patient's outcomes. In this study, we aim to test a hypothetical path model evaluating the influence of stress on nurse's burnout and to identify the mediating effects of secondary traumatic stress (STS) and compassion satisfaction (CS) among clinical nurses in South Korea. MethodsA quantitative, cross-sectional study evaluated the survey data from 10,305 female registered nurses who participated in the Korea Nurses’ Health Study (KNHS) Module 5. The survey included a demographic questionnaire and the Professional Quality of Life version 5 (ProQOL 5). Bootstrap analyses (using the PROCESS macro) was employed to evaluate the mediating effect between variables. ResultsStress was significantly associated with burnout and mediated by STS and CS. In addition, the magnitude of the indirect effects of CS was significantly greater than the magnitude of the indirect effects of STS. The findings of this study showed the positive aspect (CS) of work experiences might offset the negative aspects (STS), consequently reducing the burnout level. ConclusionsOur study findings suggest that a multidimensional approach to assessing nurse burnout and implementing proper management will help to improve quality of life for nurses and help maintain positive attitudes and quality of patient care.
A Case of Lipomyelomeningocele Causing Equinovarus is Reported
Authors: Hou Chengcai , Zhang Guanghui , Han Hui
Published: December 2020

Background Lipomyelomeningocele ( LMM) is a congenital factor that causes clubfoot. This disease often develops into adulthood and often has rigid deformities. This is the most difficult orthopedic and functional reconstruction surgery. Case presentation We reporta case of stiff clubfoot caused by Lipomyelomeningocele（LMM）. Through osteotomy correction and Soft tissue loosening, clubfoot deformity was corrected and good results were achieved. Conclusion The use of osteotomy correction technology combined with Soft tissue loosening to treat adult stiff clubfoot can correct the deformity and restore the shape of the foot and ankle. The effect is definite and it is worthy of popularization and application.