bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Similarity indicator and CG-CGAN prediction model for remaining useful life of rolling bearings
Authors: Yang Liu , Binbin Dan , Cancan Yi , Shuhang Li , Xuguo Yan , Han Xiao
Published: April 2024

To tackle the challenges of performing early fault warning and improving the prediction accuracy for the remaining useful life (RUL) of rolling bearings, this paper proposes a similarity health indicator and a predictive model of CG-conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN), which relies on a CGAN that combines one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) with a bidirectional gate recurrent unit (Bi-GRU). This framework provides a comprehensive theoretical foundation for RUL prediction of rolling bearings. The similarity health indicator allows for early fault warning of rolling bearings without expert knowledge. Within the CGAN framework, the inclusion of constraints guides the generation of samples in a more targeted manner. Additionally, the proposed CG-CGAN model incorporates Bi-GRU to consider both forward and backward information, thus improving the precision of RUL forecasting. Firstly, the similarity indicator between the vibration signals of the rolling bearing over its full life span and the standard vibration signals (healthy status) is calculated. This indicator helps to determine the early deterioration points of the rolling bearings. Secondly, the feature matrix composed of traditional health indicators and similarity health indicator, is utilized to train and test the proposed CG-CGAN model for RUL prediction. Finally, to corroborate the efficacy of the proposed method, two sets of real experiment data of rolling bearing accelerated life from the Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS) are utilized. Experimental findings substantiate that the proposed similarity health indicator offers early fault alerts and precisely delineates the performance diminution of the rolling bearing. Furthermore, the put-forward CG-CGAN model achieves high-precision RUL prediction of rolling bearing.
The accuracy of vehicle position and heading angle improvement based on dual-antenna GNSS/INS/Barometer integration using extended Kalman filter
Authors: Jiao Hongyuan , Xu Xiangbo , Chen Shao , Guo Ningyan , Yu Zhibin
Published: April 2024

In the field of autonomous driving progresses, obtaining the precise position and attitude of vehicles through measurement technology is vital. An integrated GNSS/INS/Barometer (Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Navigation System/Barometer) fusion method is proposed to improve vehicle positioning and heading angle accuracy. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) based on horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP) is designed to fuse the INS error and the GNSS measurement. Furthermore, GNSS dual antennas are utilized to increase a state variable in EKF based on HDOP in addition to position and velocity. The kinematic constraint of zero velocity in the lateral and vertical directions of vehicle movement is used to measure the mounting angle to reduce error. The position and heading angle accuracy of the proposed method are 0.483 m and 1.358°, which represent reductions of 37.03% and 43.86% compared to the conventional EKF method, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can measure accurate position and heading angle in both open and occluded environments.
Analysis of measurement uncertainty for verification/calibration of particulate matter measuring instruments using the gravimetric method
Authors: Duong Nam Thanh , Tran Tung Son , Tran Hoa Thi , Nguyen Giang Hoang
Published: April 2024

As demand for particulate matter (PM) monitoring increases for scientific and regulatory purposes, the need for an accurate calibration process for these instruments will also increase. This article focuses on studying the factors that cause measurement uncertainty during the calibration process with the calibration facility (ManDust) for reference gravimetric instruments. Measurement uncertainty in this article included type A and type B uncertainties. Type A uncertainty mostly included repeatability and reproducibility while volume uncertainty predominately contributed to type B uncertainty. To clearly examine how these factors contributed to the combined uncertainty, the calibration process was carried out at a high concentration range from 0.4 to 1.6 mg m−3. In general, the measurement uncertainty ranged from 1.95% to 6.65%. Further analysis showed that type A uncertainty contributed more to the total uncertainty than type B. In particular, uncertainty from volume calculation and measurement contributed over 80% of type B uncertainty. During the PM filter weighing process, the uncertainty during the conditioning process contributed the most to type B uncertainty. This article also conducted a sensitivity analysis and found that besides volume measurement, the filter weighing procedure was also sensitive to changes even though it only contributed less than 5% of type B uncertainty. Using high-quality devices and careful handling during these two procedures should be emphasized to reduce the uncertainty of the calibration process.
Anisotropic sensing based on single ReS2 flake for VOCs discrimination
Authors: Xie Yuan , Zhang Zhe , Meng Fanying , Huo Shida , Hu Xiaodong , Niu Pingjuan , Wu Enxiu
Published: April 2024

Selective and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) holds paramount importance in real-world applications. This study proposes an innovative approach utilizing a single ReS2 field-effect transistor (FET) characterized by distinct in-plane anisotropy, specifically tailored for VOC recognition. The unique responses of ReS2, endowed with robust in-plane anisotropic properties, demonstrate significant difference along the a-axis and b-axis directions when exposed to four kinds of VOCs: acetone, methanol, ethanol, and IPA. Remarkably, the responses of ReS2 were significantly magnified under ultraviolet (UV) illumination, particularly in the case of acetone, where the response amplified by 10–15 times and the detection limit decreasing from 70 to 4 ppm compared to the dark conditions. Exploiting the discernible variances in responses along the a-axis and b-axis under both UV and dark conditions, the data points of acetone, ethanol, methanol and IPA gases were clearly separated in the principal component space without any overlap through principal component analysis, indicating that the single ReS2 FET has a high ability to distinguish various gas species. The exploration of anisotropic sensing materials and light excitation strategies can be applied to a broad range of sensing platforms based on two-dimensional materials for practical applications.
Work done on a bouncing ball
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: April 2024

The force acting at the bottom of a vertically bouncing ball does no work on the ball since the bottom of the ball remains at rest. However, it is the total work that is zero. Work is done to change the kinetic energy of the ball, and an equal and opposite amount of work is done to change the elastic energy stored in the ball.
Influence of the RF voltage amplitude on the space- and time-resolved properties of RF–LF dielectric barrier discharges in α–γ mode
Authors: Robert Raphaël , Sadeghi Nader , Hagelaar Gerjan , Stafford Luc , Massines Françoise
Published: April 2024

This work reports the results of an experimental and modeling study on dual-frequency Ar–NH3 dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) exhibiting the α–γ transition. A combination of space- and time-resolved optical absorption and emission spectroscopy is used to record spatio-temporal mappings of the Ar metastable number density, Ar 750.4 nm line emission intensity, and electron–Ar bremsstrahlung continuum emission intensity. With the increase of the radio frequency (RF) voltage amplitude in a 50 kHz–5 MHz DBD, maximum populations of Ar excited species (1s and 2p states, linked to the population of high-energy electrons) observed in the γ mode decrease and appear earlier in the low-frequency cycle. On the other hand, the density of the bulk electrons, monitored from the continuum emission intensity, increases, with a more prominent rise in the RF-α mode than in the γ regime. Such behaviors are consistent with the predictions of 1D fluid model and results from a decrease of the gas voltage required for self-maintenance of the cathode sheath in the γ breakdown.
Non-locality of conjugation symmetry: characterization and examples in quantum network sensing
Authors: Miyazaki Jisho , Akibue Seiseki
Published: April 2024

Some quantum information processing protocols necessitate quantum operations that are invariant under complex conjugation. In this study, we analyze the non-local resources necessary for implementing conjugation-symmetric measurements on multipartite quantum networks. We derive conditions under which a given multipartite conjugation can have locally implementable symmetric measurements. In particular, a family of numbers called the ‘magic-basis spectrum’ comprehensively characterizes the local measurability of a given 2-qubit conjugation, as well as any other properties that are invariant under local unitary transformations. We also explore the non-local resources required for optimal measurements on known quantum sensor networks by using their conjugation symmetries as a guide.
Novel competitive fractional chaotic circuits interaction networks with hierarchical structure and encryption application
Authors: El-Mesady A , Elsonbaty Amr , El-Shafai Walid , Kamal F M
Published: April 2024

In the realm of complex networks, the challenge of ensuring secure communication amidst the vulnerabilities of conventional encryption methods has become increasingly critical. This study delves into the complex realm of synchronized behaviors in networks, employing fractional-order chaotic circuits within hierarchically structured competitive interaction networks to enhance encryption security, particularly for medical image transmission. We propose a novel paradigm that transcends traditional synchronization methods used across various disciplines, from engineering to social sciences, by unveiling the intricate dynamics of how units within networks share interactions. Our approach leverages the unique properties of fractional chaos and network hierarchy, demonstrating that the proposed model, characterized by multi-directed links and competitive strategies, significantly improves synchronization. Through detailed analysis, including bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponent plots, we uncover the optimal configurations of coupling strength and fractional order that lead to enhanced network synchronization. This synchronization is pivotal for our encryption application, showcasing a high level of security and privacy in the transmission of medical images. The encryption technique benefits from the network’s complex and synchronized dynamics, rendering it a formidable challenge for potential attackers to decipher the encrypted data. While our findings offer a promising mechanism for creating robust communication networks capable of securing sensitive medical data, the implications of our work extend beyond this application. The successful application of fractional-order chaotic circuits sets a groundwork for securing diverse types of data transmissions against the evolving landscape of cyber threats. This research not only marks a significant advancement in network security but also opens new avenues for applying these principles across a spectrum of fields where data security and privacy are paramount.
Competition of systematically optimized deep neural networks for the estimation of tensile behavior of aluminum-magnesium alloy
Authors: Mokhtari Mir Abolfazl , Nikzad Mohammad Hossein , Jalalvand Meysam
Published: April 2024

Aluminum-magnesium (Al-Mg) alloys are prevalently employed within the aerospace sector. This research engaged a suite of deep learning approaches, encompassing the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks, Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), and simple Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to evaluate their predictive efficacy regarding the tensile strength and stiffness of Al-Mg alloys obtained from molecular dynamics simulation. The Taguchi method was initially applied to refine the architecture of each deep neural network (DNN), followed by a comparative analysis of their optimized configurations. The findings of this investigation revealed that the refined simple RNN and LSTM models exhibited superior predictive accuracy for estimating the strength and stiffness of the alloy, respectively. Moreover, the study elucidated that DNNs equipped with memory capabilities outstripped traditional ANNs in forecasting the tensile properties of Al-Mg alloys.
Double-graviton production from Standard Model plasma
Authors: Ghiglieri J. , Laine M. , Schütte-Engel J. , Speranza E.
Published: April 2024

The thermal plasma filling the early universe generated a stochastic
gravitational wave background that peaks in the microwave frequency
range today. If the graviton production rate is expressed as a series in a
fine-structure constant, α, and the temperature over the Planck mass,
 T
2/m
pl
2, then the lowest-order contributions come from single
(∼αT
2/m
pl
2) and double (∼T
4/m
pl
4)
graviton production via 2 → 2 scatterings.
We show that in the Standard Model,
single-graviton production dominates if the maximal
temperature is smaller than
4 × 1018 GeV. This justifies previous calculations
which relied solely on single-graviton production.
We mention Beyond the Standard Model scenarios in which the single and
double-graviton contributions could be of comparable magnitudes.
Finally, we elaborate on what these results imply for the range of
applicability of General Relativity as an effective theory.
TEMPLATES: A Robust Outlier Rejection Method for JWST/NIRSpec Integral Field Spectroscopy
Authors: Hutchison Taylor A. , Welch Brian D. , Rigby Jane R. , Olivier Grace M. , Birkin Jack E. , Phadke Kedar A. , Khullar Gourav , Rauscher Bernard J. , Sharon Keren , Aravena Manuel , Bayliss Matthew B. , Elicker Lauren A. , Kim Seonwoo , Solimano Manuel , Vieira Joaquin D. , Vizgan David ,   On Behalf of the JWST TEMPLATES Early Release Science Team
Published: April 2024

We describe a custom outlier rejection algorithm for JWST/NIRSpec integral field spectroscopy. This method uses a layered sigma clipping approach that adapts clipping thresholds based upon the spatial profile of the science target. We find that this algorithm produces a robust outlier rejection while simultaneously preserving the signal of the science target. Originally developed as a response to unsatisfactory initial performance of the jwst pipeline outlier detection step, this method works either as a standalone solution, or as a supplement to the current pipeline software. Comparing leftover (i.e., not flagged) artifacts with the current pipeline’s outlier detection step, we find that our method results in one fifth as many residual artifacts as the jwst pipeline. However, we find a combination of both methods removes nearly all artifacts—an approach that takes advantage of both our algorithm’s robust outlier rejection and the pipeline’s use of individual dithers. This combined approach is what the TEMPLATES Early Release Science team has converged upon for our NIRSpec observations. Finally, we publicly release the code and Jupyter notebooks for the custom outlier rejection algorithm.
VLBI with SKA: Possible Arrays and Astrometric Science
Authors: Li Yingjie , Xu Ye , Li Jingjing , Bian Shuaibo , Lin Zehao , Hao Chaojie , Liu Dejian
Published: April 2024

The next generation of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) is stepping into the era of microarcsecond (μas) astronomy, and pushing astronomy, especially astrometry, to new heights. VLBI with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), SKA-VLBI, will increase current sensitivity by an order of magnitude, and reach astrometric precision routinely below 10 μas, even challenging 1 μas. This advancement allows precise parallax and proper motion measurements of various celestial objects. Such improvements can be used to study objects (including isolated objects, and binary or multiple systems) in different stellar stages (such as star formation, main-sequence stars, asymptotic giant branch stars, pulsars, black holes, white dwarfs, etc.), unveil the structure and evolution of complex systems (such as the Milky Way), benchmark the international celestial reference frame, and reveal cosmic expansion. Furthermore, the theory of general relativity can also be tested with SKA-VLBI using precise measurements of light deflection under the gravitational fields of different solar system objects and the perihelion precession of solar system objects.
Controlling neural activity: LPV modelling of optogenetically actuated Wilson–Cowan model
*
Authors: Martínez S , Sánchez-Peña R S , García-Violini D
Published: April 2024

Objective. This paper aims to bridge the gap between neurophysiology and automatic control methodologies by redefining the Wilson–Cowan (WC) model as a control-oriented linear parameter-varying (LPV) system. A novel approach is presented that allows for the application of a control strategy to modulate and track neural activity. Approach. The WC model is redefined as a control-oriented LPV system in this study. The LPV modelling framework is leveraged to design an LPV controller, which is used to regulate and manipulate neural dynamics. Main results. Promising outcomes, in understanding and controlling neural processes through the synergistic combination of control-oriented modelling and estimation, are obtained in this study. An LPV controller demonstrates to be effective in regulating neural activity. Significance. The presented methodology effectively induces neural patterns, taking into account optogenetic actuation. The combination of control strategies with neurophysiology provides valuable insights into neural dynamics. The proposed approach opens up new possibilities for using control techniques to study and influence brain functions, which can have key implications in neuroscience and medicine. By means of a model-based controller which accounts for non-linearities, noise and uncertainty, neural signals can be induced on brain structures.
Chicken Meat and Beef Identification in UV-Vis Absorbance Spectrum by Applying Savitzky-Golay Method
Authors: Dewi M F , Prihhapso Y , Setianingrum L , Hamidah M , Firdaus M Y , Nurwidya A I , Pramudya T , Majid F ‘A , Jannah L L , Ivo P , Darmawan N , Rahardjo S
Published: April 2024

Spectroscopy is one of the techniques suitable for validation of the quality, safety, and hygiene of meat due to some advantages, such as rapid detection capability, ease of use, and non-destructive measurement. Utilizing an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer, with a wavelength range of 200 nm to 1100 nm, this paper proposes a method for processing spectrum data profiling of chicken meat and beef. A 360-time reflectance spectrum was acquired from each chicken breast and beef loin at the optimum integration time of 60 ms. Subsequently, the spectrum was converted into an absorbance spectrum, and the apparent noise was excluded by applying the Savitzky-Golay (SG) method. The result shows the difference in spectrum between chicken meat and beef in which the chicken meat has two peaks at the wavelength of 284.79 nm and 422.69 nm, meanwhile, the beef shows three peaks at wavelengths of 282.46 nm, 419.03 nm, and 577.97 nm. It was found that the SG method enhanced the absorbance spectrum, showing the difference in spectrum behaviors in the wavelength range of 450∼600 nm. Consequently, to shorten the computational time, building a light, cheap, and compact prototype reading device within this specific wavelength range will be the next target in the near future.
Design a machine with technology to convert plastic waste into fuel renewable energy
Authors: Banurea Rahmadhani , Frida Erna , Ilmi  , Rahwanto Adi , Nasution Delima Lailan Sari , Simbolon Tua Raja
Published: April 2024

Research has been carried out on the design of machines with technology to convert plastic waste into fuel renewable energy, the aim is to find out pyrolysis technology which is a technology in converting plastic waste into reusable gas and liquid phases that have the potential to be used as renewable energy. The machine consists of one pyrolysis reactor, 3 condensers, 3 storage tanks. The standard method used to test samples is ASTM D4052. This plastic waste converter machine uses Polypropylene and High-Density Polyethylene plastics. The results showed that the most pyrolysis oil from PP plastic waste was 0.52 kg and HDPE was obtained as much as 0.62 kg from each type of waste material as much as 3 kg. For PP plastic waste, the specific gravity of oil is 866.7 kg/m3 and 743.1 kg/m3 and HDPE plastic the specific gravity of oil is 842 kg/m3 and 737.7 kg/m3. The specific gravity of pyrolysis oil in waste PP plastic and HDPE plastic is close to the specific gravity of diesel fuel and gasoline. Data based on Directorate General of Oil and Gas Indonesia for specifications of diesel specific gravity 815-870 kg /m3, specifications of gasoline type 88 is 715-770 kg /m3.
The porosity and morphology properties of ceramic membrane
Authors: Surya I , Sembiring A M , Nasution K S , Hayeemasae N
Published: April 2024

The success of ceramic membranes as solute separation and filtration makes membrane technology widely used because it has high effectiveness and efficiency as a solute separator and filtration. The solute separation and filtration performances of typical ceramic membranes depend on the porosity properties of the ceramic membrane itself. Membrane porosity indicates the number of porous areas in the membrane. Precipitated silica as filler was added into the ceramic membrane at 0.30 %, 1.01 %, 1.68 %, 2.34 %, and 2.99 % per hundred masses of the membrane. It was revealed that silica acting as a membrane filler increased the porosity of the ceramic membrane. This was confirmed with the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) test and Origin Software. From the test results the highest porosity value is at 2.99 % per hundred masses of membrane.
Characterization of morphological structures of Fe3O4/SiO2/ZnO composite
Authors: Sembiring Timbangen , Lubis Hariyati , Susilawati  , Kurniawan Budhy , Manik Monica Prischilla Beatrix , Naftali Theresya Putri
Published: April 2024

The coprecipitation method has been successfully used for the synthesis and characterization of composite Fe3O4/SiO2/ZnO. The purpose of this research was to lower the concentrations of heavy metals in the water in an effort to restore natural functioning of the water. Because of its excellent chemical properties and high biocompatibility, silica is an intriguing and renewable material. The mixing magnetic materials Fe3O4 and ZnO can provide efficient separation effects, increase test sensitivity, and reduce detection time. The modification Fe3O4 with %wt ZnO (5; 10; 15;20) uses rice husk ash as a substitute for SiO2 in the application of heavy metal ion wastewater absorption, the aim is to minimize the composition of recyclable metal ion content which is environmentally friendly. The characterization of composite Fe3O4/SiO2/ZnO using SEM-EDS for morphological analysis and mapping of the elements that make up the sample The composite Fe3O4/SiO2/ZnO has gaps between its particles and a homogeneous shape, as seen by the SEM images.
The Effectiveness of Tubular Ceramic Membrane Made from Seashell and Clay for Groundwater Filtration
Authors: Nisah Firda Ainun , Suci Faradina Choria , Safariyani Eva , Febriyani Putri , Wahid Taufik Nur , Sena Mochamad Rafi
Published: April 2024

The Karawang Regency is located on the coast and is the largest industrial area in West Java. However, this has led to groundwater seepage issues that cause the water to taste salty and cause yellow stains. To solve these issues, a study was conducted to filter the groundwater using tubular ceramic membranes. This study created tubular ceramic membranes using three different composition; Clay:Seashell = 60%:30% (CM-1); 45%:45% (CM-2); 30%:60% (CM-3); and 10% zeolite. The ceramic membranes were sintered at 1000°C for 10 hours. The research aimed to analyze how different compositions of ceramic membrane materials affected the efficiency of reducing pH, manganese, Total Dissolved Solids, salinity, and hardness. This ceramic membrane has a good effectiveness level completed with the best tubular ceramic membrane variant in reducing water pH levels being CM-1 (7.2-7.5), CM-1 is the best reduction of TDS by 284.66 mg/L, CM-2 is the best reduction of Mn metal by 0.235 mg/L, CM-3 is the best reduction in hardness by 84.333 ppm, and CM-1 is the best reduction in salinity by 108 ppm.
A novel boron-conjugated SRC inhibitor for Proton Boron Capture Therapy in glioblastoma treatment
Authors: Cammarata F.P. , Torrisi F. , Pavone A.M. , Denaro S. , D'Aprile S. , Rotili D. , Botta L. , Facoetti A. , Charalampopoulou A. , Pullia M. , Parenti R. , Russo G.
Published: April 2024

The ability of protons to deliver the maximum dose at the tumor region can work synergistically with boron atoms to emit alpha particles, enhancing therapy effects with less damage to healthy tissue. Protons and boron nuclear fusion reaction is the principle for the so-called Proton Boron Capture Therapy, that can contribute to high therapy efficiency by using smaller flux than conventional proton therapy, especially for radioresistant brain tumors such as glioblastoma. Glioblastoma is the most infiltrating and aggressive tumor of the brain with a very low life expectancy, ranging from 6 to 24 months. In this study we evaluated the protons combined effectwithanovelboron-conjugated compound, which is a pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative, acting as SRC tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Indeed, this drug includes a boron cluster, that can be directed in tumor cells using the ATP-competitive mechanism of the pyrazolo[3,4 d]pyrimidine ring in activated SRC form of glioblastoma cells, achieving tumor uptake of boron for Proton Boron Capture Therapy reaction. This preliminary study showed interesting results that could offer important contributions for further experiments.
VEPP-4M linear optics correction using orbit response matrices
Authors: Mamutov Rasim , Baranov Grigory , Piminov Pavel , Sinyatkin Sergey , Lipoviy Dmitriy
Published: April 2024

This paper presents procedures and techniques for correcting
the linear optics of the VEPP-4M collider. The accelerator structure
investigation is based on the measurement and analysis of orbit
response matrices (ORM) and optical functions reconstructed from
turn-by-turn (TbT) data. Having no technical description of
quadrupole lenses and corrector magnets, we have calibrated their
current dependencies of magnetic strengths and fields,
respectively. Corresponding to the reference orbit, quadrupole
shifts in each plane have been obtained by using the beam-based
alignment (BBA) technique. The accelerator optics has been corrected
and calibrated at the injection energy of 1.9 GeV. The software
combining automated optical functions measurement and correction has
been developed and successfully implemented at VEPP-4M.
Enhanced osteogenesis and physicochemical properties of PMMA bone cement with SrBG/HA porous core-shell microspheres
Authors: Lu Xiaoyu , Zhu Ziyang , Ding Jingxin , Zhao Jinhui , Jia Weitao , Wang Deping
Published: April 2024

Artificial bone graft with osteoconductivity, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation is promising clinical therapeutics for the reluctant healing process of bone defects. Among various osteogenic substitutes, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is a quit competitive platform due to its easy deployment to the bone defects with irregular shape and biomimetic mechanical properties. However, the biologically inert essence of PMMA is reliant on the passive osseointegration and cannot provide sufficient biologic cues to induce fast bone repair. Bioactive glass could serve as an efficient platform for the active osteogenesis of PMMA via ionic therapy and construction of alkaline microenvironment. However, the direct of deployment of bioactive glass into PMMA may trigger additional cytotoxicity and hinder cell growth on its surface. Hence we incorporated ionic therapy as osteogenic cue into the PMMA to enhance the biomedical properties. Specifically, we synthesized core-shell microspheres with a strontium-doped bioactive glass (SrBG) core and hydroxyapatite (HA) shell, and then composited them with PMMA to introduce multifunctional effects of HA incorporation, alkaline microenvironment construction, and functional ion release by adding microsphere. We prepared xSrBG@HA/PMMA cements (x = 30, 40, 50) with varied microsphere content and evaluated impacts on mechanical/handling properties, ion release, and investigated the impacts of different composite cements on proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, angiogenic potential, and macrophage polarization. These findings provide new perspectives and methodologies for developing advanced bone biomaterials to promote tissue regeneration.
Construction of dental pulp decellularized matrix by cyclic lavation combined with mechanical stirring and its proteomic analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Bi Fei , Huang Yibing , Guo Weihua
Published: April 2024

The decellularized matrix has a great potential for tissue remodeling and regeneration; however, decellularization could induce host immune rejection due to incomplete cell removal or detergent residues, thereby posing significant challenges for its clinical application. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate detergent concentration, further optimization of tissue decellularization technique, increased of biosafety in decellularized tissues, and reduction of tissue damage during the decellularization procedures are pivotal issues that need to be investigated. In this study, we tested several conditions and determined that 0.1% Sodium dodecyl sulfate and three decellularization cycles were the optimal conditions for decellularization of pulp tissue. Decellularization efficiency was calculated and the preparation protocol for dental pulp decellularization matrix (DPDM) was further optimized. To characterize the optimized DPDM, the microstructure, odontogenesis-related protein and fiber content were evaluated. Our results showed that the properties of optimized DPDM were superior to those of the non-optimized matrix. We also performed the 4D-Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of DPDM and demonstrated the preservation of proteins from the natural pulp. This study provides a optimized protocol for the potential application of DPDM in pulp regeneration.
Improvement of disastrous extreme precipitation forecasting in North China by Pangu-weather AI-driven regional WRF model
Authors: Xu Hongxiong , Zhao Yang , Zhao Dajun , Duan Yihong , Xu Xiangde
Published: April 2024

In the realm of weather forecasting, the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents a transformative approach. However, AI weather forecasting method still faces challenges in accurately predicting meso- and smaller-scale processes and failing to directly capture extreme precipitation due to regression algorithm’s nature, coarse resolution, and limitations in key variables like precipitation. Therefore, we propose a state-of-the-art technology which integrates the strengths of the Pangu-weather AI weather forecasting with the traditional regional weather model, focusing specifically on enhancing the prediction of extreme precipitation events, as mainly exemplified by an unprecedented precipitation in North China from 29 July to 1 August 2023, and an additional extraordinary precipitation event as a supplementary validation to further ensure the accuracy of this technology. The results show that the AI-driven approach exhibits superior performance in capturing the spatial and temporal dynamics of extreme precipitation events. Remarkably, with a threshold of 400 mm, the AI-driven model secures a Threat Score (TS) of 0.1 for forecast lead time reaching up to 8.5 d. This performance notably surpasses the performance of traditional GFS-Driven models, which achieve a similar TS only within a limited 3-day forecast lead time. This considerable enhancement in forecast accuracy, especially over extended lead times illustrates the AI-driven model’s potential to advance in long-term forecasts of extreme precipitation, previously considered challenging, emphasizing the potential of AI in augmenting and refining traditional weather prediction.
Policy and law: the case of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer
Authors: Parr Adam
Published: April 2024

Agriculture occupies more than a third of the world’s land with many, large-scale impacts on the environment and human health. This article investigates the failure of policy to manage these impacts, asks whether private law can fill the gap, and what this means for policymakers. The investigation takes the form of a case study of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer (SNF) in English policy and law. The SNF industry has been chosen because, by its own account, it underpins the modern food system, which is recognized as needing urgent transformation. The article first assesses the damage caused by SNF to health and the environment and the potential legal remedies. It then assesses industry claims that SNF (a) provides food security, (b) is beneficial to soil and water, and (c) reduces greenhouse gas emissions. If misleading, these representations could amount to unlawful ‘greenwashing’. While private law can never replace good policy and regulation, the article concludes that there is evidence to enable private law to supplement policy, and that this role is made possible as well as necessary by the absence of effective regulation and enforcement. Private litigation could catalyze policymakers to implement the robust regulatory regime that agriculture demands. As the law must focus on scientific evidence and causation, it can also help elucidate and publicize the science on which policy is based. Finally, because of the strict constraints within which private litigation must operate, it can direct policymakers towards strategic interventions (or tipping points) that could catalyze systemic change.
Introduction
Authors: Cheeke Stephen
Published: April 2024

This sets up the central concept of the person and its cognates in Pater’s work, emphasizing the intense and various ways it has shaped his vision, and the particular forms this book will focus upon: person and personhood, persona, personality, style, impersonality, many persons (metempsychosis), and reception. The introduction then looks at the philosophical background of thinking about persons, outlines some key nineteenth-century contexts, and considers Pater’s influence upon notions of the ‘self’ of modernity. It then places Pater in relation to contemporary critical, aesthetic, and philosophical perspectives. Finally, it offers a brief summary of the critical arguments for and against Pater, which have shaped his reception, and which have differed in emphasis around the valuation of personhood.
The One and the Many
Authors: Cheeke Stephen
Published: April 2024

The philosophical question of the One and the Many is the subject of Chapter 5, which explores Pater’s interest in metempsychosis (the many persons through whom the individual transmigrating soul passes), one of the organizing perspectives for his thought. I trace the philosophical background to metempsychosis and show how it is linked in Pater’s writings with the Platonic idea of anamnēsis (knowledge as recollection). The second half of the essay connects metempsychosis and anamnēsis to Pater’s use of the Gods in Exile theme, to offer a new reading of Pater’s Imaginary Portrait ‘Apollo in Picardy’ (1893) in relation to the sections on Pythagoras in Plato and Platonism (published in the same year).
Following Pater
Authors: Cheeke Stephen
Published: April 2024

This chapter shows how Pater’s work is centrally concerned with different types of persons drawing different conclusions from the same philosophical formulae, and with how and why philosophical axioms may lead to bad ways of living as well as to good. Divergence is a deeply ambivalent pathway inscribed within interpretation itself and the principle defining feature of Pater’s true aesthetic culture, I suggest, is the ease with which it may be misconstrued. In this he offers a particularly complex instance for thinking about the theory of literary reception and its pathways of interpretation through different personalities and temperaments, with relevance to the phenomena of Decadence and antinomianism at the fin de siècle. The chapter offers a new reading of his relationship with Oscar Wilde through Pater’s last, unfinished novel, Gaston de Latour (1896), and considers the perpetual self-returns, and indeed repentances, of Pater’s own writing.
The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in the treatment of the acute phase of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A systematic review
Authors: Sadowski Cooper , Reinert Justin P
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To investigate the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in the treatment of the acute phase of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).

A systematic review of the literature was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection through July 2023. Search terms included “heparin-induced thrombocytopenia AND direct-oral-anticoagulants” in addition to a list of oral anticoagulants. Adult patients who used direct oral anticoagulants as the initial treatment for the acute phase of HIT were included. A total of 1,188 articles were initially identified, with 770 articles reviewed following removal of duplicates. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles were ultimately included. Rivaroxaban was the most-utilized DOAC (28 patients), followed by apixaban (7 patients) and dabigatran (1 patient). All patients with thrombocytopenia demonstrated successful platelet recovery, with two patients presenting with normal platelet counts. One patient developed a deep venous thrombosis with no other new or recurrent thromboses. There were no reported clinically significant adverse events in any patient. Obstacles and deterrents to the use of the standards of care in the acute phase of HIT exist. Argatroban and bivalirudin require intravenous infusion and require close aPTT monitoring and dose adjustment. Fondaparinux requires injection and is contraindicated with body weight <50kg. DOACs would offer the novel ability for an oral treatment in the treatment of the acute phase HIT and allow for minimal monitoring and consistent dosing strategies. Therefore, DOACs are an intriguing choice for the treatment of the acute phase of HIT.

Conclusion

Data from 12 publications and across 36 patients suggests that the use of DOACs in the acute phase of HIT may be a safe and efficacious treatment option with favorable ease of monitoring and management.
Evaluation of noise levels and noise sources in an Irish neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: McCallig Margaret , Pakrashi Vikram , Durkin Carmel
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This study: (i) quantified the typical noise levels in an Irish neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and compared the values to recommendations by the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) and the European Standards for Care for Newborn Health (EFCNI) and to occupational exposure limit value and exposure action values; and (ii) qualified the perception of noise levels and the sources of noise across the various stakeholders within a typical NICU.

Methods

A noise survey was conducted in an Irish NICU. Observations identified practices and behaviours in the NICU that potentially had an impact on noise levels. Noise levels were compared to occupational exposure limits and AAP and EFCNI standards. A noise perception survey was conducted to identify noise sources and awareness of noise levels in the NICU. Results were analysed using SPSS Statistics to determine statistical significance.

Results

Noise levels recorded were consistent with previous similar studies and in all cases, the average noise levels recorded exceeded the 45 dBA as recommended by the AAP and EFCNI. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) between noise levels recorded on the day shift compared to the night shift. The perception of noise levels reported by nurses versus parents was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.001). 38.3% of all respondents reported having received no information or training with regard to noise in the NICU. There was a statistically significant difference in the perception of who is most likely to be affected by noise in the NICU, with nurses reporting those most likely to be affected by noise were patients, and parents reporting those most likely to be affected were staff (P = 0.003).

Conclusions

This study supports the hypothesis that noise levels within the NICU are of concern and require regular assessment and monitoring. Training and awareness programmes are an important component to ensuring all persons in the NICU recognise their potential impact on noise levels in the NICU and in reducing the risk for patients and staff.
Vectorial Analysis of Deep Plane Face and Neck Lift
Authors: Talei Benjamin , Gould Dan , Ziai Hedyeh
Published: April 2024

Background

The vector of aging and consequently the vector of lift in rhytidectomy has aided surgeons in improving movement of tissues during facial rejuvenation procedures.

Objectives

The goal was to analyze the vector of lift in patients undergoing primary and revisional facelift to achieve proper vectorial lifting.

Methods

Patients undergoing deep-plane facelift surgery were included for analysis. Intraoperative photographs and measurements were taken of the skin, superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and platysmal suture suspension with mastoid crevasse inset. Measurements were compared between patients who were undergoing primary vs secondary surgery, site of lift, age, and gender.

Results

Seventy-one patients (90% female, mean age 57.8) with a total of 142 hemifaces were analyzed, 57 (73%) of which were primary and 14 (27%) secondary facelifts. The average vector of SMAS lifting was 70.8°. Females had a more vertical vector than males (71.3° vs 65.4°; P < .01). The average vectors of platysmal and skin lift were 87.0° and 58.2°, respectively. There was intrapatient difference between hemifaces. Despite there being more intersuture disparity in secondary cases than primary cases (16.9° vs 4.5°; P < .05), the mean vector of lifting was similar between them.

Conclusions

Proper release of the deep plane helps determine the appropriate vectors of lift, without relying on guidelines based on population averages. Each patient presents with a unique vector required to correct their descent. This technique provides an optimal result by directly suspending against the vectors of greatest descent.

Level of Evidence: 3
The Treatment of Cosmetic Lower Eyelid Adverse Events After Injection of Hyaluronic Acid Gel Fillers
Authors: Fagien Steven
Published: April 2024

Background

Nonsurgical blepharoplasty has been considered as an unmet need particularly for the large potential population of patients who are not interested in or ready for surgery and is generally performed by all providers who offer injectable agents in their practice. Although favorable outcomes can be achieved in most areas of the face, the lower eyelid has shown to be less forgiving and a source of overwhelming unsatisfactory outcomes. Although providers often disclose to their patients that undesirable cosmetic adverse events can be reversed with the injection of hyaluronidase, a larger experience has suggested that this application is not always successful.

Objectives

The author describes an algorithm for the resolution of refractory adverse events using a combination of intraoperative, high-dose, hyaluronidase with lower blepharoplasty.

Methods

From June 2016 to present, 70 consecutive patients, 65 females and 5 males, with ages ranging from 31 to 76 years, presented with unsatisfactory results after they received an injection of a hyaluronic acid (HA) product elsewhere. They were treated with lower blepharoplasty in conjunction with intraoperative “high-dose” transconjunctival hyaluronidase injections.

Results

All patients showed significant but varied improvement after this treatment when, in most situations, in-office, percutaneous injection of hyaluronidase was insufficient.

Conclusions

The combination of intraoperative injection of high-dose hyaluronidase and (upper and/or) lower blepharoplasty can lead to satisfactory outcomes in patients with chronic lower eyelid edema after HA gel injections to the lower eyelid prove ineffective.

Level of Evidence: 4
Increasing melanoma incidence with unchanged mortality: more sunshine, better treatment, increased diagnostic activity, overdiagnosis or lowered diagnostic threshold?
Authors: Nielsen Jesper Bo , Kristiansen Ivar Sønbø , Thapa Subash
Published: April 2024

Background

Increasing melanoma incidence with less increasing mortality is observed in several countries. This discrepancy is not well understood.

Objectives

In this study, our aim was to discuss factors [ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, melanoma treatment, diagnostic activity, overdiagnosis, pathologists’ diagnostic threshold and clinicians’ propensity to remove suspect skin lesions] that might influence melanoma incidence and mortality in Denmark.

Methods

This was a register study with the number of melanocyte-related lesions and melanoma mortality based on comprehensive national pathology and mortality databases for the period 1999–2019. We investigated melanocyte-related diagnoses and mortality in a population of 5.5 million with a national healthcare system. Age-adjusted melanoma mortality and age-adjusted incidence of benign naevi, atypical lesion, or melanoma in situ and of invasive melanoma were computed for data analysis.

Results

In total, 1 434 798 biopsies were taken from 704 682 individuals (65% female). The mean age at biopsy was 39.8 years in males and 37.6 in females. In males and females, the incidence of invasive melanoma increased by 87% during the period 1999–2011. During the subsequent period it increased by 9% in males but remained unchanged in females. The incidence of melanoma in situ increased by 476% in males and 357% in females during the study period, while the increases for atypical melanocytic lesions were 1928% and 1686%, respectively. Biopsy rates increased by 153% in males and 118% in females from 1999 through 2011 but fell by 20% in males and 22% in females during the subsequent period. Mortality varied slightly from year to year without any significant time trend for males or females. We identified no evidence of increased UVR exposure over the latest 30 years in Denmark. Immunotherapy of advanced melanoma was introduced in Denmark in 2010 and came into general use in 2014.

Conclusions

Comprehensive national data demonstrate increasing melanoma incidence correlated with increasing biopsy rates, but with no change in mortality. Previously suggested explanations for such a trend are a lowered threshold of melanoma diagnosis among pathologists, increased diagnostic activity in the presence of overdiagnosis and improved melanoma treatment. Because the study is observational and we have more explanatory factors than outcomes, the findings do not warrant conclusions about causal relationships.