bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relation between performance and oral health in male athletes
Authors: YAPICI Hakan , EROĞLU Oğuz , AYAN Sinan , BAĞLAR Serdar , MEMİŞ Uğur Altay , DOĞAN Ali Ahmet
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
Oral health is as important to an athlete’s sporting
successas regular exercise and adequate nutrition. The aim of
this study was to investigate the relation between oral health and sporting
performance. Methods: This
prospective study was carried out with male athletes. Athletes' demographic
characteristics, dental care habits, number of decayed, missing or filled
teeth, and sporting performance data were recorded. The Decayed Missing Filled
Teeth (DMFT) index, Significant Caries index (SCI) and Plaque index (PI) were
used to assess oral health. The T-Drill, Zig-Zag, Lateral Change of Direction
(LCD) and 505 tests to assess agility, and 10-, 20- and 30-m short sprint tests
were used to assess speed. The results were
analyzed on SPSS software, and p
values < 0.05 were regarded as significant. Results: Ninety-six
athletes were included in the study. Active
caries was determined in 70.8%. The mean DMFT index value was 3.9 ± 3.7,
mean SCI 10.2, and mean PI 0.9 ± 0.4. DMFT was  ≥ 4 in 45.8% of athletes and < 4 in 57.2%.
No difference was determined between subjects with DMFT < 4 and DMFT ≥ 4 in
terms of age, height, body weight, or years engaged in sports. Agility and
speed tests results were superior in subjects with DMFT<4 than in those with
DMFT ≥ 4, and times to completion of performance tests were shorter (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that DMFT was
positively correlated with agility tests [T-Drill test (r = 0.428), Zig-Zag
test (r = 0.428), LCD test (r = 0.286) and 505 test (r = 0.529)], and speed
tests [short sprint, 10-m (r = 0.309), 20-m (r = 0.336), 30-m (r = 0.449)] (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Impairment of oral health has an
adverse effect on sporting performance, and this can lead to poorer results in
performance tests such as agility and speed.
The development of the automatic control system for the production process of the boiling of the massecuite of the first crystallization in a vacuum apparatus
Authors: Kleimenova N. L. , Orlovtseva O. A. , Ershov S. V. , Dvoryaninova O. P.
Published: October 2018

The modern development of the food industry is accompanied by an ever wider application of automated control systems for technological processes. The prerequisites for this are: the growth of the enterprise's capacities; the use of continuous and continuous production methods; equipment of enterprises with new high-performance equipment; presence of modern technological means of automation. The wide application of automated control systems is caused by a significant economic effect, which is achieved due to: the provision of specified qualities of produced products, regardless of subjective factors; reduction of losses of valuable products; reduction of labor intensity of production processes; increase of production culture. The main task of the automated control system is the observance of the technological regulations determining the permissible ranges of technological process parameters (temperature, flow, product composition), equipment performance, and quality process indicators. In addition, the tasks of controlling installations and lines include their starting and stopping, emergency protection and interlocking. In order to carry out the tasks of automated control of installations and technological lines, it is necessary to gradually remove the human operator from the control loop and transfer the control functions to the technological means of automation. At the same time, the operator must monitor the operation of automation devices and make decisions in complex situations. Modern sugar production is a complex technological process. Therefore, ensuring the uninterrupted operation of the production line, maintaining its high productivity, obtaining a product of the highest quality is the most urgent task in this area.
Modeling of formation of carbon cluster groups in electric arc discharge plasma
Authors: Gavrilov A. N.
Published: October 2018

The problem of modeling complex resource-intensive processes of plasma synthesis of carbon nanostructures (CNS) on the basis of mathematical and numerical methods of solution, focused on the use of parallel and distributed computing for processing large amounts of data, allowing to investigate the relationship and characteristics of processes to obtain an effective, cost-effective method of synthesis of CNS (fullerenes, nanotubes), is an actual theoretical and practical problem. This article deals with the problem of mathematical modeling of motion and interaction of charged particles in a multicomponent plasma based on the Boltzmann equation for the synthesis of ONS by thermal sublimation of graphite. The derivation of the collision integral is presented allowing to perform a numerical solution of the Boltzmann - Maxwell equations system with respect to the arc synthesis of CNS. The high order of particles and the number of their interactions involved simultaneously in the process of synthesis of CNS requires significant costs of machine resources and time to perform numerical calculations on the constructed model. Application of the large particle method makes it possible to reduce the amount of computing and hardware requirements without affecting the accuracy of numerical calculations. The use of parallel computing technology on the CPU and GPU with the use of Nvidia CUDA technology allows you to organize all the General-purpose calculations for the developed model based on the graphics processor of the personal computer graphics card, without the use of supercomputers or computing clusters. The results of experimental studies and numerical calculations confirming the adequacy of the developed model are presented. Obtained quantitative characteristics of the total pairwise interactions between the carbon particles and interactions with the formation of clusters of carbon with various types of ties in the plasma of the interelectrode space which are the basis of the synthesized nanostructures. The formation of carbon clusters occurs in the entire interelectrode space of the plasma with different intensity and depends on the process parameters.
The integration of a biharmonic equation by an implicit scheme
Authors: Popov M. I.
Published: October 2018

The paper presents a step-by-step construction of a finite-difference scheme for a heterogeneous biharmonic equation under zero boundary conditions superimposed on the desired function and its first-order partial derivatives. The finite-difference scheme is based on a square twenty-five-point pattern and has an implicit character. On analytical grid, the error of approximation of the biharmonic operator by the difference analog and the error of approximation of boundary conditions imposed on the first order partial derivatives are calculated by the expansion of the function in the Taylor series with the remainder term in the form of a Lagrange. The boundary conditions imposed on the sought function are satisfied precisely. A finite-difference scheme approximates a boundary value problem with a second order of accuracy over the mesh step. With the help of the Maple computer algebra system the solutions of the problem for different grid steps are obtained. The dependence of the minimum function and calculation time on the number of significant digits is revealed. The optimal number of significant digits is found. The convergence rate of the numerical scheme is analyzed. The dependence of the minimum value of the function and the calculation time on the value of the grid step is established. The optimal step value is found. A three-dimensional graph of the solution and its profiles in the middle sections are constructed. The advantages of the developed finite-difference scheme are indicated. Obtained results correspond to the physical meaning of the problem and are consistent with similar numerical and approximate analytical solutions.
Investigation of the influence of the number of modules of a multicluster technological complex and the operations performed by them on the overall performance of the installation using simulation simulations
Authors: Kulikov I. N. , Kolesnik L. L.
Published: October 2018

Variety of compositions of multicluster tools determines the development of methods aimed at analysis and search of feasible compositions, which meet the requirements and optimal performance (throughput) criteria. Very often in the industry, there is a task to find optimum utilization of the cluster tool. To find a solution various approaches are used, such as input in the system several flows of the semifinished products, increasing overall number of the arms of the robot, etc. In this article cluster tool and throughput dependence on quantity of performed operations of the least loaded module are investigated. It is shown, that with the help of this approach one can easily simplify both finding the solution of the task to composite cluster tool with flows of two different types of wafers and determining schedule of the wafers for maximum and minimum throughput. Relevance of the article is stipulated by substantive and complex choices of both finding optimal composition of the cluster tool and scheduling semifinished products flows (in accordance with variations of the operations in modules) at both the design and exploitation stage.
Design of production of the range of construction materials on the basis of methods of the system analysis
Authors: Krivogina D. N.
Published: October 2018

The analysis of the modern approach to the choice of technological processes of production of heavy concrete products and its weaknesses were shown. It is proved that the technological process as an object is a weekly structured system due to the large degree of uncertainty associated with the human factor. It is established that development of new assortment approach to the choice of technological process of the production of construction materials differing in alleged accounting of functional purpose and service conditions of building constructions in a real estate object can be one version of the solution of this problem. The concept of the choice of optimum technological processes of production of construction materials distinctive in alleged accounting of functional purpose and service conditions of building constructions of real estate objects is developed. The technologies of mathematical statement and the solution of problems of optimization of technological processes of production of the range of construction materials differing in increase in degree of structure of system liaisons with external subsystems on the basis of standard mechanisms of the subject focused accounting of functional purpose and service conditions of building constructions and also standard algorithms of search of optimal solutions for defined the range are developed. Assessment of efficiency of assortment approach to a problem of optimization of technological processes of production of the range of construction materials including comparison of the characteristics of material received as a result of use of modern approach, assortment approach in the set parameters of management and assortment approach with expansion of a set of essential alternatives of technological process of production of the range of construction materials is executed. This assessment has shown that more perspective alternatives on qualitative content of characteristics of material are outside area of normative requirements and need justification.
Technological properties of amaranth cake as a component of mixed fodders
Authors: Shentsova E. S. , Lytkina L. I. , Vostroilov A. V. , Kurchaeva E. E.
Published: October 2018

The value of oil cakes as fodder products is determined by their composition. High protein content, presence of carbohydrates, fat, phosphorus-containing substances, mineral elements, vitamins make them an indispensable tool in farm animals feeding. The use of unconventional plant resources in the production of mixed fodders, such as amaranth cake, enhances their nutritional and biological value, as well as provides more complete digestion of the animals. In this type of raw materials there are nutrients in a concentrated form that have a positive effect on their productivity. To determine the possibility of amaranth cake using as a component of mixed fodder, its technological properties were investigated. To do this, the physical and mechanical properties of the product were studied (moisture content, bulk density, angle of natural slope). The hygroscopic properties of amaranth cake were studied. It was found out that the value of the hygroscopic point corresponds to the optimum values characteristic of the main types of raw materials for the production of mixed fodders. The research carried out allows to predict optimum properties of the amaranth cake in the course of its processing and storage. The technological regimes for the preparation of a raw material new type for input into the composition of mixed fodders, i.e., the grinding regimes, are substantiated. The ability of amaranth cake to dispense was studied, statistical processing of the results obtained was carried out; it allowed to evaluate these properties positively. Similar results were obtained during mixing. As a result of this work, the parameters of mixed fodders granulation with different contents of this component were studied. The regimes of the process on the granulation line in the conditions of full-feed mixed fodders production using amaranth cake at the enterprise are determined. It was found out that the produced granulated mixed fodder corresponded to the established requirements in quality.
Efficiency of low quality beet processing
Authors: Golybin V. A. , Fedoruk V. A. , Matvienko N. A. , Romashova V. B.
Published: October 2018

The quality of sugar beet processed determines the final results of the production activity of the sugar plant in many ways - the white sugar yield, its quality, the plant coefficient. The problems of beet quality are due to many reasons, which are specific for the conditions of Russia. The result of complex influence of unfavorable factors are increased sucrose losses and beet weight with the accumulation in it of a significant amount of harmful nonsugars: mainly reducing substances, soluble nitrogen compounds and pectin substances, high-molecular compounds. To achieve high filtration rates of industrial sugar solutions after their carbonization, along with the high adsorption effect of removing the decomposition products of nonsugars, the determining factor is the obtaining of the optimal structure of calcium carbonate particles, the basis of the filteration sludge. We have shown the advisability of a controlled process for the formation of calcium carbonate sludge in the first carbonization process by introducing particles of a specially prepared filter perlite into the juice to be purified. Preliminary preparation consisted of lime-carbon dioxide treatment of the filter perlite with a certain dispersion at a given pH value to obtain the maximum positive electrokinetic potential. The return of the activated carbonate suspension of the second saturation carbonation juice to the preliminary progressive preliming promotes an increase in the purifying effect in this operation by 39.2% in comparison with the control, an improvement in the dispersed composition of the nonsugars coagulate, which is confirmed by an increase in sedimentation rate of the sludge particles by 35% with a decrease in the sludge volume V25 by 16.9%. The purification efficiency of juice II carbonation increases by 15.4% compared to the control, the calcium salts mass fraction is reduced by 25%, the effect of coloring substances removing increases by 16.5%.
Berries and large fruits of the Samara region harvest 2016 year of the collection of the research institute «Zhigulevsky garden» as a perspective raw material in the food industry
Authors: Aleksashina S. A. , Makarova N. V. , Demenina L. G. , Antipenko M. I.
Published: October 2018

One of the most important components of the human diet is the berries and stone fruits. They are rich in sugars, organic acids and biologically active substances - antioxidants. Together, the presented indicators (chemical composition and antioxidant activity) are important for the stable operation of the human body and the technological process when processing plant materials. When analyzing the chemical composition of berries and large fruits from the collection of the Research Institute "Zhigulevskie Gardens", it was revealed that the grade of raw materials influences the determined indexes.The highest value of soluble solids is occupied by the samples of apricot (leading Krugly variety), Black currant (leading Orloviya variety), raspberry (Balzam is leading).The lowest value of soluble solids was observed in strawberry varieties Kama. Analyze berries and fruits differ in the content of organic acids slightly. The maximum content of sugars in apricot, and the minimum for black currant. In the studied fruits, the highest content of phenols was recorded in the black currant. The varieties of flavonoids are different: strawberry Festivalaya, black currant Perun, apricot Khabarovskiy and raspberry Balzam. Low results showed apricot (grade Krugly, Pogremok). The high antioxidant activity was shown by the raspberry varieties Lyubetovskaya and Balzam. The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of fruits and berries play an important role not only for the human body, but also for the technological process during their processing. For this reason, analysis of the feedstock is an important stage in the development and manufacture of food products with a directed antioxidant effect.
The basics of fermenting white cabbage
Authors: Shishlova E. S. , Posokina N. E. , Lyalina O. Yu.
Published: October 2018

In this review, the fermentation process (lactic acid fermentation) of white cabbage is completely coveraged. Fermentation is a very complex dynamic process with numerous physical, chemical and microbiological changes affecting quality of the final product. The sequence of lactic acid bacteria development in the fermentation process, which is characterized by the growth and change of pools of various microorganisms, is described. In place of lactic acid microorganisms Leuconostoc mesenteroides comes Lactobacillus brevis, and then propagated Lactobacillus plantarum. The main factors to be taken into account in the fermentation and storage of sauerkraut are given. In order to start the spontaneous fermentation process, it is necessary that the lactic acid bacteria present on the surface of fresh raw materials prevail over the pathogenic microflora. At the same time, the use of starter cultures is a good alternative to natural fermentation, as this ensures the proper flow of the process and the finished product of good quality. The methods of heat treatment, such as pasteurization and sterilization, allowing to extend the shelf life of the finished fermented product. Various types of packaging that are best used for fermented products are also described: plastic bags, glass and metal cans. It is specified what hygienic norms should be observed at production of sauerkraut. It is shown that fermented (fermented) cabbage has probiotic properties that have a beneficial effect on the human body. It is noted that the use of lactic acid microorganisms (starter cultures) in the fermentation process of white cabbage favorably affects the whole process, as it suppresses the development of pathogenic and other undesirable microorganisms on the surface of fresh raw materials and allows to produce a product with improved functional properties.
Production and application in industrial conditions of non-explosive destructive mixtures
Authors: Flyagin A. S. , Vorsin V. A. , Ufimtsev V. M.
Published: October 2018

In modern urban conditions of dense construction, as well as in the production of special works in the mining industry, new quality materials for non-explosive destruction of buildings, structures and rocks are required. Such material is non-explosive expanding mixtures (LDCs). LDCs are used in cases when the destruction of rocks by explosion unacceptable due to the dangerous consequences associated with the violation of stability of rock massif and negative seismic manifestations of the explosion. Non-explosive expanding mixtures are widespread in mining and construction works in many countries: the USA, Japan, Canada, the Czech Republic and others. They are used in the extraction of stone blocks, cutting of oversized, destruction of concrete structures, etc. Specialists of the academic University, research Institute and industry representative developed a product that is not inferior, and even superior to domestic and foreign analogues. The maximum developed pressure on the walls of the hole reaches 187.5 MPa. To date, the Russian market is represented by cheap, but lower in quality LDCs produced in China. Domestic development directly meets all the conditions of the Russian government Decree on import substitution. The article describes the main types of LDCs, the fundamental differences from analogues in the mode of production (firing). The mechanism of impact on the mountain range is considered. The main advantages of this material are indicated. The scope of the compositions is very extensive is the construction work in cramped conditions (ie. near buildings and structures, highways, industrial communications, settlements, in existing shops, etc.), mining of piece stone, crushing array (burrs, oversized, etc.), careful extraction of crystalline materials, work on dismantling of building structures, etc. it is Advisable to use these compounds in those places where it is not possible to use explosives.
Using of fluorinated aluminum silicate in the process coloring of textile materials with pigments
Authors: Vladimirtseva E. L. , Sharnina L. V. , Mironova A. A.
Published: October 2018

The aim of the work is to search for new drugs and technologies for processing textile materials to achieve high quality products with minimum costs and practical absence of harmful industrial emissions. Studies on the use of insoluble aluminum silicate in practical application in the textile industryare conducted at the Ivanovo State University of Chemical Technology. The experience of using silicates for modifying the properties of wool fibre and purification of exhaust dyeing solutions from direct, active and acidic dyes has been accumulated. The article considers the possibility of using fluorinated aluminum silicate (xAl2O3 * ySiO2 * zAlF3), which is a by-product in manufacture of aluminum fluoride, when coloring textile materials with pigment dyes. The uniqueness of this preparation lies in the fact that fluorinated aluminum silicate combines two fractions: insoluble (silicon and aluminum oxides) and soluble (aluminum fluoride). Aluminum fluoride has a limited solubility in water (0.41% by weight at 25 ° C), but is catalytically active and is used in a number of chemical processes as a catalyst. Due to the presence of water-soluble aluminum fluoride, fluorinated aluminum silicate has an acidic reaction. This powder is finely dispersed and its insoluble part has a white color, so it can be used as filler for blending printing inks and a catalyst for the dye fixing process on the fibre. The color and strength characteristics of the obtained stains convincingly prove that the fluorinated aluminum silicate can successfully replace commercially available catalysts. An additional positive feature is an increase in the shelf life of the finished printed composition. The limited solubility of aluminum fluoride, on the one hand, and its distribution in the structure of insoluble alumina and silicon oxides, on the other, makes the preparation catalytically inactive at room temperature, which positively affects the stability of the ink. Another option for the use of fluorinated aluminum silicate in combination with pigments can be purification of exhaust dyeing solutions. In this case, the high sorption activity of fluorinated aluminum silicate with respect to pigments plays a leading role. If fine dispersed fluorinated aluminum silicate is placed in the aqueous dispersion of the pigment, then, settling, it will capture the dye. Within 24 hours, the dispersion completely discolored. At the same time, the settled powder acquires a pigment tint. The results of the research presented in this paper make it possible to talk about the technological possibilities of using fluorinated aluminum silicate in the coloring of textile materials with pigments in which both its sorption ability and catalytic activity are in demand.
Investigation of melting and crystallization processes of fat components of praline masses
Authors: Saranov I. A. , Kuznetsov I. A. , Kuznetsova I. V. , Magomedov G. O.
Published: October 2018

The processes of melting and crystallization of lauric fat KS35 and coconut oil by the method of differential scanning calorimetry were studied. The process of crystallization of coconut oil takes place in the temperature range 13.1–15.9 °C, while heat is released 118.3 J/g. The process of crystallization of lauric fat KS35 occurs in the temperature range 20.4–25.9 °C, with a heat release of 152.7 J / g. Lauric fat melts in the range of 28.7–33.9 °C, 147.4 J/g is absorbed during this endothermic reaction. Temperature interval, the heat effect of melting coconut oil is lower (18.3–26.4 °C, 95.5 J / g). Reduction of melting and crystallization temperatures of coconut oil in comparison with lauric fat proves that the composition of coconut oil includes a greater number of unsaturated acids, the crystallization and melting of which occurs at a lower temperature than saturated ones.In the paper, the possibility is of using DSC data for determining optimal parameters for forming and cutting praline masses in the production of praline candies. Forming should be done after holding the praline mass in the temperature range 20-26 °C, with most of the triglycerides of lauric fat having a solid state, which allows the molded praline tow to keep its shape and not spread after exiting the matrix. It is advisable to cut praline tows on candies at a temperature of 13 – 16 °C, since in this range most of the triglycerides and coconut oil have a solid state, which makes it possible not to crush the tourniquet and sweets during cutting..
Analysis of the organizations accounts payable of the Kalmykia Republic
Authors: Sarunova M. P. , Burlutkin T. V. , Sandzhieva T. Z.
Published: October 2018

The article shows the organizationsaccounts payableof the Republic of Kalmykia as one of the most important elements of financial analysis as a separate organization, industry and the whole region. The dynamic changes in accounts payable on the basis of statistical datawere analyzed. It was revealed that the vast majority of overdue accounts payable was formed in housing and communal services. We carried outthe structural analysis of overdue debt composition and revealed the ways of its control. In order to identify the most "vulnerable" areas of economic activity from non-payment, the share of overdue debt to the total amount of debt by industry was considered. To assess the timeliness of payments of enterprises on obligations and the quality of accounts payable, we performed the analysis of the share of overdue accounts payable in its total volume. On thatbasiswe found out the approaches to optimizing the management of accounts payable, leading to the growth of financial results and further development of the economy of the Republic of Kalmykia. To analyze financial stability, it is important to consider not only the status of accounts payable, but also the ratio of accounts receivable to accounts payable. The analysis showed that the proportion is irrational; it is obvious that companies have attracted significant borrowed resources, but currently use of them in their current activitiesinefficient. The article concludes that the financial situation of enterprises and organizations of the region is extremely unstable when there is an annual growth of accounts payable and accounts receivable. In order to stabilize the financial condition of enterprises and organizations of the Republic of Kalmykia, improve their solvency and strengthen the settlement and payment discipline we explored the possibility of restructuring of accounts payable, which requires an analysis of each creditor separately, including all components of the debt-principal amount, interest and penalties.
Multilevel structure of state budgetary security provision
Authors: Salikov Yu. A. , Chaikovskaya L. N. , Pasynkova O. M.
Published: October 2018

The financial basis for sustainable social and economic development of the state is largely determined by the state of its budgetary system, which actualizes research in the area of state budgetary security. Of particular interest, in our opinion, is the consideration of the budgetary security of the country as a system. Based on the structure of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation, we proposed a multi-level structure for ensuring budgetary security of the state. The system of budgetary security of the state includes three levels: macrolevel, meso level and microlevel. At each level, the system of budgetary security is formed by the following major subsystems: regulatory and legal support and regulation of budgetary security; the subject of budgetary security management; object of budgetary security management; Assessment of the state and results of budget security. The system of budgetary security is open and carries out constant interaction with the external environment. The transformation of the parameters of the budgetary security system is influenced by exogenous and endogenous factors that form threats to the budget security of the state. Foreign economic and foreign policy conjures up exogenous factors. These factors form threats aimed at undermining the state's financial system and its sustainability. Different spheres of life of the society of the state generate endogenous factors, which are internal problems. Thus, in the current conditions of management, it is important to recognize the importance of creating effective mechanisms for ensuring budgetary security of the state, which will strengthen the financial basis for sustainable social and economic development and improve the budget provision of citizens.
Assessment of trends in shifts in the distribution of livestock sectors in the regions of the Central black earth in the post-Soviet period
Authors: Pechenevskii V. F. , Popov I. S. , Guliyeva Ulviya Fizuli
Published: October 2018

The article considers the state of the modern location of livestock sectors in the Central Chernozem region. Revealed changes in the distribution of livestock animals, production of major livestock products in the region for the period from 1990 to 2015. The factors and conditions that determined these changes and prospects for the industry development are determined. For the post-reform years, there has been an unprecedented decline in the number of livestock and poultry. Thus, a herd of cattle as a whole in the central-chernozem area in 2015, in comparison with 1990, decreased by 4.4 times. The state of the pig industry in the region was also characterized by a negative dynamics of the number of pigs until 2005, when it declined by 3.4 times. The greatest damage in the years of reforms was borne by sheep, where the number of sheep in 2015 to the level of 1990 decreased by 5, 5 times. The decisive factors in the sharp drop in the levels of livestock and poultry, in the production of livestock products and the deep crisis of the industry were the ill-considered until the end of the reform of the collective-farm and state farming system, the loss-making of most types of products because of low sales prices that did not reimburse the costs of agricultural producers for its production. Evaluation of structural shifts in the distribution of livestock production showed that the volume of meat production in the Central Black Earth region has significantly increased the share of poultry meat from 14, 1 in 1990 to 46.6% in 2015, pork from 38.8 to 46.4%. At the same time, the specific weight of beef decreased significantly from 46.3 to 6.4% and lamb from 2.5 to 0.5%. Analyzing the efficiency of the location of livestock production in the central black earth region, it should be noted that it was determined not only by territorial and sectoral peculiarities, but primarily by organizational and economic factors, among which one of the priority is the effective management of an agricultural area in a given region of the central black earth region.
Calculation of the process duration of thermo-moisture treatment of semi-finished products based on animal and vegetable raw materials
Authors: Glagoleva L. E. , Zatsepilina N. P. , Kopylov M. V. , Nesterenko I. V.
Published: October 2018

Calculation of the parameters of studied systems heat treatment (the process duration, temperature distribution inside the product and in its mass change) is complicated both by external and internal moisture transfer. In this regard, a strict mathematical description of moisture and heat transfer between the surface of the semi-finished product, which must be considered as a capillary-porous body, and the surrounding medium should be based on a joint solution of hydrodynamics equations and convective heat- and mass transfer, taking into account the normal component of the mass flow on the body surface, which complicates the task. Consideration of such a task with regard to moisture transfer under the action of water content gradients, temperature and pressure is possible if the driving forces of transfer processes do not consider these potential gradients on the surface of a capillary-porous body, but the differences between potentials averaged over the surface and volume of the body. This theory successful application for widespread use in practical problems solving is complicated by the absence of a systematized database on the hygro- and hydro-mechanical equilibrium of treated semi-finished products with technological media. On the other hand, even in the presence of experimental data on hydro- and hygroscopic equilibrium, in this case there are not fields of transfer potentials, but only their average volume and mean surface values, which in principle does not allow calculating of heat treatment duration as the time to reach the required temperature in the middle of the product. Meat and fish products are treated at not too high temperatures and as a result gradients of transfer potentials inside capillary-porous bodies are not too great, therefore it can be considered that the internal moisture transfer does not change the temperature field inside meat and fish products significantly. Resource-saving modes of thermo-moisture treatment of combined products were justified: frying at t = 200 ° C, without humidification, duration - 5 min; baking at 180 ° C, water consumption for humidification (4.0-4.3)10-6 m3 / s with 10-15 minutes duration, providing a reduction in process losses of the finished product weight from 18% to 5-7%
Model of layered flow of viscous-plastic Bingham fluid in the extruder channel
Authors: Gukasyan A. V.
Published: October 2018

The analysis is carried out and the presence of a zone of a piston flow, which has a significant influence both on the process of extrusion, and on the determination of the discharge-pressure characteristics of the screw, is established. It is noted that the effective viscosity has a physical meaning if the shear rate to which it corresponds is indicated. The effective viscosity is considered to consist of two components: the plastic viscosity corresponding to the viscosity of the Newtonian fluid and the structural viscosity that characterizes the shear resistance caused by the tendency of the solid particles contained in the Bingham liquid to form a structure. The effective viscosity is introduced into many hydrodynamic equations if the shear rate to which it corresponds is known. In the auger channel there are zones of forced flow created by the dynamic shear stress and the reverse flow of the head resistance created by the overpressure. The shear rate in the auger channel is marked by considerable heterogeneity and determines the complex nature of the shear deformation of the material during extrusion. Regardless of the pressure amplitude, the rigid core can not completely disappear, because for very small dimensions of the nucleus the pressure value must be very large, and with the disappearance of the plastic flow it must become infinite. Thus, the dependence of the shear stress on the shear rate for the flow of a Bingham viscoplastic fluid is always nonlinear for any values of the shear rate. An important element in the calculation of the discharge-pressure characteristics of the extrusion process is the localization of the plastic flow in the screw channel. As a result of the analysis of the model of the layered flow of viscoplastic Bingham liquid in the extruder channel, it is established that there is a zone of piston flow that exerts a significant influence both on the process of extrusion and on the determination of the discharge and pressure characteristics of the screw.
Theoretical background the control technology of flour confectionery products and their practical implementation
Authors: Gerasimov T. V. , Taleisnik M. A. , Shcherbakova N. A. , Svyatoslavova I. M.
Published: October 2018

The development of technologies of flour confectionery products, carried out by the all-Russian research Institute of the confectionery industry, is in the field of knowledge of industrial engineering, which are tools for creating innovative technologies. Innovation, confectionery companies carried out by combining equipment, control, measuring and information systems, by eliminating technical contradictions between the operation and control of technological flow. Theoretical prerequisites for the management of technologies of flour confectionery products were the provisions of the system approach and physico-chemical mechanics. Thus, by determining the criteria and regulation of the rheological properties of confectionery masses provides stabilization of the process and it becomes possible to control the intermediate stages and the flow of technology as a whole for different types of products that have a common principle of the structure of the process. For the purpose of practical realization of theoretical prerequisites of technology management the Institute has developed a complex of technological methods. Obtaining of two-phase systems for each type of raw material provides the possibility of adapting the technology to the use of raw materials with a significant range of quality characteristics. Increasing the amount of "free" water provides a test with a given humidity. The flow of components for kneading dough ensures an increase in the uniformity of the distribution of components. Control of the degree of dissolution of sugar provides products with specified structural and mechanical parameters. The use of a new type of energy supply provides an increase in the number of solid phase particles in the emulsion more than 75 times and intensification of the process. Methods of obtaining semi-finished products on the basis of fruits and vegetables provides the possibility of obtaining semi-finished products from fresh fruits and vegetables according to the technologies developed by the Institute. Also in practical implementation it is necessary to use developments of Institute in which the basic principles of creation of innovative technologies of flour confectionery with the set structure and properties are lit.
Power estimation of the full set of alternatives to Paret's subgraphs in a graph
Authors: Bugaev Yu. V. , Chikunov S. V.
Published: October 2018

In practice problems of creation of an optimum subgraph of a certain look in a given graph count often meet. As possible annexes problems of search of optimum structure of technological networks, design of architecture of computers, modeling of artificial intelligence and many others are used. More and more relevant are multicriteria options of the specified tasks. An essential limiting factor of improvement of methods of multicriteria optimization on graphs is the problem of their exponential computing complexity caused by big dimension of a task. A number of data demonstrates that the theoretical assessment of complexity constructed for methods of full search isn't true, and the drawn conclusions have no sufficient justification. Among effective decisions the so-called complete set of alternatives which power can be lower on orders, than the power of the Pareto set is of the greatest interest. Taking into account the listed facts in this work the result of researches consisting in creation of assessment from above for the power of a complete set of alternatives of a problem of stay is stated pareto-optimal subgraphs for a given graph.
Modeling the restoration of biological and biotechnical systems using hardware analog and software artificial neural networks
Authors: Turovskii Ya. A. , Bogatikov E. V. , Tikhomirov S. G. , Adamenko A. A.
Published: October 2018

A hardware analog model of an artificial neural network was developed, based on a specially trained software artificial neural network, for modeling the process of recovering damaged biological and biotechnical systems using neurochips based on the evolutionary method of training. A series of 12 computational experiments on the restoration of a damaged hardware analog artificial neural network with the help of a software artificial neural network was carried out. To restore a damaged network, an evolutionary approach is used. In most cases, it is possible to restore a damaged hardware analog neural network to 100% accuracy. The obtained results confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach in the framework of modeling the restoration of damaged biological and biotechnical systems using a neurochipon the basis of the evolutionary method using the "isolation" mechanism. The proposed recovery method opens up prospects for such areas as neuroprosthetics, self-learning and self-adapting systems; reverse-engineering; restoration of damaged data banks, image restoration; decision making and management, and so on.
Problems of analysis, optimization and control in the separation of gas mixtures
Authors: Akulinin E. I. , Golubyatnikov O. O. , Dvoretskii D. S. , Dvoretskii S. I.
Published: October 2018

Mathematical models of dynamics of pressure swing adsorption processes for the separation of synthesis gas (into hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide) and air (into oxygen, nitrogen and argon) have been developed. The models allow calculating the profiles of component concentrations and temperature of gas and solid phases, pressure and velocity of gas mixture along the height of adsorbent in relation to time. The models include the following equations: 1) processes of mass and heat transfer during the adsorption (desorption) of a sorptive (H2, CO2, COandO2, N2, Ar) by granulated zeolite adsorbents 5Aand13Х; 2) kinetics of compound diffusion transport of adsorbate and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm (for the synthesis gas separation), kinetics of external diffusion and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm (for the air separation); 3) the Ergun equation for the calculation of pressure and velocity of gas mixture in adsorbent.The system of partial differential equations was solved by method of lines. The system of ordinary differential equations was solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with automatic step selection.To analyze the accuracy of mathematical models of the adsorption separation of synthesis-gas for recovery hydrogen, the relative error of the mismatch between the calculated values for the model and the experimental values of the concentration of the product (hydrogen, oxygen) in the 'steady state' (after 15-30 operating cycles of the PSA) was calculated. The maximum value of the relative error did not exceed 11.5%.Numerical studies were carried out in a wide range of changes in the time of the cycle "adsorption-desorption" and the pressure at the stage of adsorption to determine the effect of changes in temperature, composition and pressure of the initial gas mixture on the purity, recovery and temperature of production hydrogen and oxygen, as well as the relationship of the PSA unit capacity with the purity of the resulting product (hydrogen, oxygen). The problem of adaptive optimization of the process of adsorption separation of a gas mixture and obtaining hydrogen and oxygen with a maximum concentration was formulated and solved.The algorithmic and software of the automated adaptive control system was developed.
Quality test of clamping connection of transmission lines across tensile line
Authors: Ouyang Ke-jian , Yang Xiang-wei , Zhan Long , Xie Zhi-long , Huang Jun , Xiao Li-hua
Published: October 2018

This paper develops a new technology for the quality inspection of the transmission line that is important across the tensile clamp. The new technology mainly based on the ultrasonic pulse echo thickness measurement mechanism tests the thickness of the aluminum sleeve after crimping the tensile clamp to reflect the relative position of the aluminum sleeve and the steel anchor after the crimping, thereby judging whether there is a crimping positioning defect. At the same time, it is supplemented by steel anchor model comparison, crimping position length comparison, and crimping to margin detection to determine whether the transmission line crimping quality is qualified.
On site calibration of inner defect detection based on structured light
Authors: Shao Xinjie , Zhu Shijian , Ding Chao , Song Bin
Published: October 2018

A special calibration cylinder is intended to meet the actual requirement of calibration in defect detection system, and a calibration method is proposed based on this calibration the cylinder. The relative measurement method is adopted in the measurement of inner diameter of cylinder. Through processing the structured light image of inner surface of calibrated cylinder, the relationship between the depth of groove in calibrated cylinder and the distance between the displaced pixels of structured light stripes is obtained, which is used in the calculation of groove depth, and the wear of inner diameter of cylinder is obtained. Experiments show that this method can effectively adapt to the detection environment with a small field of view and weak light, and have higher calibration accuracy, and can meet the actual needs of the detection system calibration.
Geranium robertianum L. (Geraniaceae): A new record for the flora of Iraq.
Authors: Salih Sirwan Hassan
Published: October 2018

Plant specimens were collected during a fieldtrips near Derbandikhan city (Sulaimani province) in Spring 2016, is added to the other 10 species of this genus previously reported from Iraq. Gross morphology of all plant parts was investigated comparatively, description and detailed figures are given. The geographical distribution is mapped. Previous checklists and studies were checked, to confirm and prove that this species is a new record for the flora of Iraq. A comprehensive study of literatures, herbaria and preceding checklists has been conducted.
İnsan kaynakları yönetiminde kurumsal kaynak planlaması işgücü kariyer ve bilgi fonksiyonu üzerindeki etkisi
Authors: Dulkadir Berkant
Published: October 2018

ERP sistemleri birbirinden uzak ya da yakın tüm işletme departmanlarını
tek bir çatı altında toplayarak bölümler arasındaki koordinasyon ve iletişimi
kolaylaştıran yazılımlardır. Böylece departman yöneticileri ve çalışanlarının
net bilgiye daha kısa zamanda ulaşmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu araştırmada ERP
sistemlerinin insan kaynakları yönetimi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir.
Çalışmada ERP ile İnsan kaynakları yönetiminin tanımı, özellikleri ve ERP’ nin
İnsan kaynakları yönetimi özellikleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Araştırma Mersin
bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren Turizm sektörü üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırma
otel işletmelerinde çalışan ve yöneticileri kapsayan 150 örneklem ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçların analizinde Regresyon analizi yapılmış olup
ERP’ nin İnsan kaynakları yönetimi üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olduğu tespit
edilmiştir.