bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UBR4 regulates a MetAP2-dependent Arg/N-degron pathway
Authors: Morrison Evan J. , Horton Emma , Rissland Olivia S.
Published: October 2024

The open reading frame does more than merely encode a linear peptide sequence; it is a reservoir of regulatory information. Here, as part of investigations into how the N-terminal amino acids regulate translation, we serendipitously uncovered a new N-degron that revealed an additional layer of regulation in these pathways. Using reporter assays, we discovered that peptides bearing position 3 arginine or lysine residues at the N-terminus were rapidly degraded in mammalian cells. We found this pathway requires MetAP2, which co-translationally cleaves the N-terminal methionine preceding second position threonine and valines to initiate protein decay. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to knockout key N-recognins and found that these N-degrons are exclusively targeted by the E3 ligase UBR4, but not by UBR1 or UBR2. Together, our results characterize a new N-degron pathway that reveals a unique role for MetAP2 and UBR4 in mediating protein decay.

SIGNIFICANCE

The Arg/N-degron pathway targets position 1 or 2 N-terminal Lys and Arg residues via UBR Box E3 ligases to trigger protein decay. Here we show that UBR4 can specifically recognize position 3 Lys and Arg N-termini upon methionine removal by the methionine amino peptidase MetAP2. Accordingly, proteins that bear N-terminal residues that are processed by MetAP1 are unaffected by the loss or inhibition of MetAP2. Using a combination of reporter assays, and bioinformatic approaches were identified endogenous proteins whose N-termini are recognized by this MetAP2-dependent Arg/N-degron pathway. Thus, our results expand the number of Arg/N-degron substrates and describe a new mechanism through which they are targeted.
Structural variation in nebulin and its implications on phenotype and inheritance: establishing a dominant distal phenotype caused by large deletions
Authors: Sagath Lydia , Kiiski Kirsi , Naidu Kireshnee , Patel Krutik , Jonson Per Harald , Laarne Milla , Djordjevic Djurdja , Yoon Grace , LaGroon Anna , Rogers Curtis , Galindo Maureen Kelly , Scherer Katalin , Kunstmann Erdmute , Koparir Erkan , Ho Desirée , Davis Mark , Joshi Purwa , Zygmunt Alexander , Orbach Rotem , Donkervoort Sandra , Bönnemann Carsten G. , Savarese Marco , Echaniz-Laguna Andoni , Biancalana Valérie , Genetti Casie A. , Iannaccone Susan T. , Beggs Alan H. , Wallgren-Pettersson Carina , Henning Franclo , Pelin Katarina , Lehtokari Vilma-Lotta
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Structural variants (SVs) of the nebulin gene (NEB), including intragenic duplications, deletions, and copy number variation of the triplicate region, are an established cause of recessively inherited nemaline myopathies and related neuromuscular disorders. Large deletions have been shown to cause dominantly inherited distal myopathies. Here we provide an overview of 35 families with muscle disorders caused by such SVs inNEB.

Methods

Using custom Comparative Genomic Hybridization arrays, exome sequencing, short-read genome sequencing, custom Droplet Digital PCR, or Sanger sequencing, we identified pathogenic SVs in 35 families withNEB-related myopathies.

Results

In 23 families, recessive intragenic deletions and duplications or pathogenic gains of the triplicate region segregating with the disease in compound heterozygous form, together with a small variant in trans, were identified. In two families the SV was, however, homozygous. Eight families have not been described previously. In 12 families with a distal myopathy phenotype, eight unique, large deletions encompassing 52 to 97 exons in either heterozygous (n = 10) or mosaic (n = 2) state were identified.

In the families where inheritance was recessive, no correlation could be made between the types of variants and the severity of the disease. In contrast, all patients with large dominant deletions inNEBhad milder, predominantly distal muscle weakness.

Discussion

For the first time, we establish a clear and statistically significant association between largeNEBdeletions and a form of distal myopathy. In addition, we provide the hitherto largest overview of the spectrum of SVs inNEB.
Assessing Real-Life Food Consumption in Hospital with an Automatic Image Recognition Device: a pilot study
Authors: Albaladejo Laura , Giai Joris , Deronne Cyril , Baude Romain , Bosson Jean-Luc , Bétry Cécile
Published: October 2024

Background and aims

Accurate dietary intake assessment is essential for nutritional care in hospitals, yet it is time-consuming for caregivers and therefore not routinely performed. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) offer promising opportunities to streamline this process. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using an AI-based image recognition prototype, developed through machine learning algorithms, to automate dietary intake assessment within the hospital catering context.

Methods

Data were collected from inpatient meals in a hospital ward. The study was divided in two phases: the first one focused on data annotation and algorithm’s development, while the second one was dedicated to algorithm’s improvement and testing. Six different dishes were analyzed with their components grouped into three categories: starches, animal protein sources, and vegetables. Manual weighing (MAN) was used as the reference method, while the AI-based prototype (PRO) automatically estimated component weights. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) were calculated to assess agreement between PRO and MAN. Linear regression models were applied to estimate measurement differences between PRO and MAN for each category and their associated 95% confidence intervals.

Results

A total of 246 components were used for data annotation and 368 for testing. CCC values between PRO and MAN were: animal protein sources (n= 114; CCC = 0.845, 95% CI: 0.787-0.888), starches (n= 219; CCC = 0.957, 95% CI: 0.945-0.965), and vegetables (n=35; CCC = 0.767, 95% CI: 0.604-0.868). Mean differences between PRO and MAN measurements were estimated at -12.01g (CI 95% -15.3, -8,7) for starches (reference category), 1.19 g (CI 95% -3.2, 5.6) for animal protein sources, and -14.85 (CI 95% -22.1, -7.58) for vegetables.

Conclusion

This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing an AI-based system to accurately assess food types and portions in a hospital setting, offering potential for routine use in clinical nutrition practices.
Improving resbos for the precision needs of the LHC
Authors: Isaacson Joshua , Fu Yao , Yuan C.-P.
Published: October 2024

The resummation calculation (esos) is a widely used tool for the simulation of single vector boson production at colliders. In this work, we develop a significant improvement over the esos code by increasing the accuracy from NNLL+NLO to N3LL+NNLO and release the esos v2.0 code. Furthermore, we propose a new nonperturbative function that includes information about the rapidity of the system (IFY). The IFY functional form was fitted to data from fixed target experiments, the Tevatron, and the LHC. We find that the nonperturbative function has mild rapidity dependence based on the results of the fit.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
N,N′-Dibenzylethylenediammonium dichloride
Authors: Marmande Mary Helene , Baxter Bailey N. , Zeller Matthias , Forbes David C.
Published: October 2024

The isolation and crystalline structure of N,N′-dibenzylethylenediammonium dichloride, C16H22N2
2+·2Cl−, is reported. This was obtained as an unintended product of an attempted Curtius rearrangement that involved benzylamine as one of the reagents and 1,2-dichloroethane as the solvent. Part of a series of reactions of a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE), this was not the intended reaction outcome. The goal of the course was to engage students as active participants in a laboratory experience which applies the foundational techniques of a synthetic organic laboratory, using the Curtius rearrangement as a tool for the assembly of medicinally significant scaffolds. The isolation of the title compound, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediammonium dichloride, the result of the 1,2-dichloroethane solvent outcompeting the Curtius isocyanate intermediate in the reaction with the nucleophilic amine, confirms the importance of conducting research at the undergraduate level where the outcome is not predetermined. The solid-state structure of N,N′-dibenzylethylenediammonium dichloride was found to feature an all-trans methylene-ammonium backbone. Strong N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds and C—H...Cl interactions lead to a layered structure with pseudo-translational symmetry emulating a C-centered setting. Different phenyl torsion angles at each end of the molecule enable a more stable packing by allowing stronger hydrogen-bonding interactions, leading to a more ordered but lower symmetry and modulated structure in P21/n.
Regulatory mechanism of TRIM21 in sepsis‐induced acute lung injury by promoting IRF1 ubiquitination
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Zheng Jie , Wu Bin , Wang Meitang , Kang Zhoujun
Published: October 2024

Sepsis‐induced acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by inflammatory damage to pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cells. The aim of this study is to probe the significance and mechanism of tripartite motif‐containing protein 21 (TRIM21) in sepsis‐induced ALI. The sepsis‐induced ALI mouse model was established by cecum ligation and puncture. The mice were infected with lentivirus and treated with proteasome inhibitor MG132. The lung respiratory damage, levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), IL‐10 and pathological changes were observed. The expression levels of TRIM21, interferon regulatory factors 1 (IRF1) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) were measured and their interactions were analysed. The ubiquitination level of IRF1 was detected. TRIM21 and TREM2 were downregulated and IRF1 was upregulated in sepsis‐induced ALI mice. TRIM21 overexpression eased inflammation and lung injury. TRIM21 promoted IRF1 degradation via ubiquitination modification. IRF1 bonded to the TREM2 promoter to inhibit its transcription. Overexpression of IRF1 or silencing TREM2 reversed the improvement of TRIM21 overexpression on lung injury in mice. In conclusion, TRIM21 reduced IRF1 expression by ubiquitination to improve TREM2 expression and ameliorate sepsis‐induced ALI.
Parental involvement in the education of students with visual impairment: Evidence from Woldia, Ethiopia
Authors: Bogale Belete Mebrat
Published: October 2024

This study examined the extent and nature of parental involvement in the education of students with visual impairment in the city of Woldia, Ethiopia, as well as the associated challenges these parents face. A qualitative approach was employed, utilising a case‐study design. A purposive sample of 14 participants, consisting of parents of students with visual impairment, was selected for in‐depth interviews and focus group discussions. The collected data underwent thematic analysis to identify key themes and patterns. The results indicate that parents of children with visual impairment actively engage in their child's education by providing materials, creating supportive environments and maintaining communication with schools. Challenges to parental involvement included poor communication with schools, a lack of involvement in at‐home learning, limited participation in volunteer activities and minimal involvement in decision‐making. These challenges were influenced by factors such as time constraints, false beliefs, scant knowledge of Braille‐related activities and negative attitudes towards parental involvement. Additionally, the study revealed a lack of collaboration between parents and communities in the education of children with visual impairment. These challenges need addressing and parental involvement in the education of these students should be enhanced. Improving communication, providing support and resources, fostering inclusivity, and promoting collaboration among parents, teachers, schools and the community are key to improving educational outcomes and societal inclusion for students with visual impairment.
Overcoming the Impact of Students for Fair Admission v Harvard to Build a More Representative Health Care Workforce: Perspectives from Ending Unequal Treatment
Authors: GUILAMO‐RAMOS VINCENT , THIMM‐KAISER MARCO , BENZEKRI ADAM , SHIM RUTH S. , AMANKWAH FRANCIS K. , ROSENBAUM SARA
Published: October 2024

Policy Points

In a recently commissioned report on solutions for eliminating racial and ethnic health care inequities entitled Ending Unequal Treatment, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine found a health workforce that is representative of the communities it serves is essential for health care equity.

The Supreme Court decision to ban race‐conscious admission constraints pathways toward health workforce representativeness and equity.

This paper draws on the National Academies report's findings that health care workforce representativeness improves care quality, population health, and equity to discuss policy and programmatic options for various participants to promote health workforce representativeness in the context of race‐conscious admissions bans.
Review article: Scoping review of interventions that reduce mechanical restraint in the emergency department
Authors: Lee Joseph , Lown Daiv J , Owen Patrick J , Hope Judith
Published: October 2024

Objective

Mechanical restraints are known to be associated with many undesirable outcomes in clinical settings. Our objective was to examine the current literature to explore possible interventions that would reduce the use of mechanical restraints in the ED.

Methods

In this scoping review, we searched online databases Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane CENTRAL for any studies published between the databases from 1 January 2007 to 19 September 2023. Studies were included if interventions were hospital‐ or staff‐focused and reported measured outcomes before and after the introduction of the intervention. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cohort Studies.

Results

The search strategy yielded 1937 studies across the three databases, of which 13 studies were extracted and included in the review. Interventions were categorised into four groups: provision of staff training, addition of a de‐escalation team, creation of a dedicated unit and introduction of an agitation scale only. Most of the studies saw reduction in restraint rates or time in restraints. Only the two studies that used an agitation scale as a stand‐alone intervention saw no significant reduction. Only one study had low risk of bias, whereas the remainder had high risk.

Conclusions

Evidence supports further exploration of interventions that include: designing an agitation guideline; training staff in assessment, attitudinal and de‐escalation skills; addition of a crisis team; and environmental changes in the form of adding a dedicated clinical space. Although these strategies may reduce mechanical restraint in the ED setting, further high‐quality studies are needed before definitive conclusions may be drawn.
Prehospital use of spinal precautions by emergency medical services in children and adolescents
Authors: Phillips Natalie , Eapen Nitaa , Wilson Catherine L , Nehme Ziad , Babl Franz E
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Limited evidence exists to guide the management of children with possible spinal injuries in the prehospital setting. As a first step to address this, we set out to describe the epidemiology and management of children <18 years presenting with possible cervical spinal injuries to EMS in Victoria, Australia.

Methods

Retrospective case record review of all children with concerns of head or neck trauma and/or documented cervical spine collar use presenting to the statewide Ambulance Victoria (AV) EMS service, Victoria, Australia, between 1 July 2019 and 30 June 2020. Demographic, clinical features, mechanism of injury and spinal immobilisation practices were extracted.

Results

2100 children were included; 61% were male and the median age was 13 years (interquartile range: 9–15). Over half of the children were transported to suburban (32.2%) and rural/regional (22.9%) EDs, with 37.5% taken to designated trauma centres. The most common mechanisms of injury were sports/activity, motor vehicle accidents and falls in 35.4%, 27.9% and 26.3%, respectively. Spinal precaution use was recorded in 93.7% of cases; cervical collar use was the most common procedure recorded (87.1%). Younger age groups were less likely to have spinal precautions initiated; 51% of children aged 0–3 years, compared to 96.3% of children aged 12 and older (odds ratio = 23.8; 95% confidence interval = 14.5–37; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Prehospital spinal precautions were initiated commonly in children, with use increasing with age, and most were transported to suburban, regional and rural hospitals, not trauma centres. These data will inform the integration of emerging paediatric‐specific evidence into prehospital guidelines to risk stratify children.
Inhibition of polyphenol oxidase for preventing browning in edible mushrooms: A review
Authors: Liang Yingqi , Luo Kaimei , Wang Bingli , Huang Bingqing , Fei Peng , Zhang Guoguang
Published: October 2024

Edible mushrooms are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, but their browning affects their quality and commercial value. This article reviews various methods to inhibit polyphenol oxidase (PPO)‐induced browning in mushrooms. Physical methods such as heat treatment, low temperatures, irradiation, and ultrasound effectively reduce PPO activity but may affect mushroom texture and flavor. Chemical inhibitors, including synthetic chemicals and natural plant extracts, provide effective PPO inhibition but require careful monitoring of their content. Biological methods, including gene editing and microbial fermentation, show promise in targeting PPO genes and enhancing antioxidant production. Combining these methods offers a comprehensive strategy for preserving mushroom quality, extending shelf life, and maintaining nutritional value.

Practical Application

These approaches can be applied in the food industry to improve post‐harvest mushroom preservation, enhance product quality, and reduce waste, benefiting both producers and consumers. Further research and innovation are needed to optimize the practical application of these methods in large‐scale processing and storage conditions.
Effectiveness of wearable technology‐based physical activity interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐regression
Authors: Chua Rachael Ern Ching , Lau Ying , Ang Wen Wei , Boey Allison Ann Ying Faustina , Lau Siew Tiang
Published: October 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with the increasing prevalence of a modern sedentary lifestyle. Wearable technology‐based physical activity interventions (WT‐BPAI) might provide a channel to improve diabetic self‐management. The study aimed to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of WT‐BPAI on PA levels, glycemic levels, and other outcomes (blood pressure [BP], body mass index [BMI], and serum lipid profile) in adults with T2DM, and (2) investigate the potential covariates affecting aforementioned outcomes. Eight databases were searched thoroughly using three steps from inception until January 16, 2024. The quality of the studies and overall evidence were evaluated. The package meta of the R software program version 4.3.1. was utilized for meta‐analyses, subgroup analyses, and meta‐regression analyses. A total of 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were found. Meta‐analyses revealed that WT‐BPAI significantly increased 1583 steps per day and decreased systolic BP (SBP) by 2.46 mmHg. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses found that function, duration of intervention, and age were significant covariates. According to the risk of bias version 2, more than half of the trials raised some concerns about the randomization process, deviations from the intended intervention, and missing outcome data. The certainty of the evidence was very low for all outcomes based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. WT‐BPAI can be considered a supplementary intervention to increase the steps per day and decrease SBP, especially when used for short periods in young adults with T2DM. However, we need more well‐designed research with long‐term outcomes.

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Assessment of in‐situ CO2 Sequestration Potential and Enhanced Coalbed Methane (ECBM) Production of Continental Coal‐bearing Basins in China
Authors: LI Yaohua , WANG Yang , BI Caiqin , WANG Qianyou , SHI Yu , XU Yinbo , YUAN Yuan , TONG Lihua , TANG Yue , SHAN Yansheng , LIU Weibin
Published: October 2024

The utilization of CO2‐Enhanced Coal Bed Methane (CO2‐ECBM) technology is pivotal in realizing the environmentally responsible and efficient exploitation of Coalbed Methane (CBM) energy resources. The optimization of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) for carbon reduction mandates a nuanced understanding of the diverse geological attributes present in CBM reserves globally. Traditional estimations of CO2‐ECBM's carbon sequestration potential have predominantly relied on rudimentary empirical models, notably those proposed by the United States Department of Energy (DOE), which overlook the intrinsic geological conditions and the physicochemical properties of subsurface fluids. Addressing these limitations, our study implements the advanced DR/Henry mixed adsorption model in tandem with the Peng‐Robinson equation of state (PR‐EOS). This approach meticulously identifies the critical parameters governing the mass exchange ratios between CO2 and CH4, pertinent to in‐situ geological environments. Subsequently, we have formulated a comprehensive carbon sequestration potential assessment framework. This innovative model adheres to the mass conservation principles for individual CO2 and CH4 components, taking into account the specific surface and stratigraphic conditions prevalent. Employing this refined methodology, we evaluated the CO2‐ECBM carbon sequestration potential of the 40 evaluation units of extensional, compressive, and cratonic continental coal bearing basins in China's three major temperature‐pressure systems across different depth domains and coal ranks within 2000 m. Our findings reveal that the theoretical carbon sequestration capacity of China's continental coal‐bearing basins is approximately 59.893 billion tons. Concurrently, the potential ECBM output stands at an estimated 4.92 trillion cubic meters, underscoring the substantial environmental and energy benefits inherent in harnessing CO2‐ECBM technology effectively. The regional analysis revealed that North and Northwest China hold the highest sequestration and recovery potential, followed by the Northeast and Southern regions, respectively. Specific areas, including the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin and southern Junggar Basin, Qinshui, Huoxi, Xishan, and other areas in Shanxi, present promising future prospects for geological carbon storage in unrecoverable coal seams.
Providing very low‐birth‐weight infants with fast enteral feeding reduced how long they needed a central venous catheter
Authors: Benguigui Laurie , Varnier Romain , Laborie Sophie , Plaisant Franck , Butin Marine
Published: October 2024

Aim

To determine the impact of the protocol change from slow to fast enteral feeding progression on duration of central venous catheter placement, and the rates of late‐onset sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis.

Methods

We compared the evolution of all very low‐birth‐weight infants admitted on their first postnatal day in neonatal intensive care unit during a 12‐month period, before (2021 Cohort) and after (2022 Cohort) implementation of a new feeding protocol. Linear regression model was used to adjust for confounding factors.

Results

A total of 343 VLBW infants were included (median gestational age ± SD 28.3 ± 1.7 weeks; median birth weight ± SD 980 ± 300 g). Median initial duration of central venous catheter was 5 days in 2022 cohort compared with 9 days in 2021 cohort (unadjusted p = 0.006, adjusted p = 0.001). Median time to achieve full enteral feeding was 8 days versus 12 days, p < 0.001, with no significant difference in late‐onset sepsis or necrotising enterocolitis rates.

Conclusion

The change from slow to fast enteral feeding progression for very low‐birth‐weight infants significantly decreased the central venous catheter duration with no adverse outcomes. This is consistent with recent randomised study results and supports the safe implementation in neonatal intensive care units.
Getting in the zone: Metabolite transport across liver zones
Authors: van de Graaf Stan F. J. , Paulusma Coen C. , In het Panhuis Wietse
Published: October 2024

The liver has many functions including the regulation of nutrient and metabolite levels in the systemic circulation through efficient transport into and out of hepatocytes. To sustain these functions, hepatocytes display large functional heterogeneity. This heterogeneity is reflected by zonation of metabolic processes that take place in different zones of the liver lobule, where nutrient‐rich blood enters the liver in the periportal zone and flows through the mid‐zone prior to drainage by a central vein in the pericentral zone. Metabolite transport plays a pivotal role in the division of labor across liver zones, being either transport into the hepatocyte or transport between hepatocytes through the blood. Signaling pathways that regulate zonation, such as Wnt/β‐catenin, have been shown to play a causal role in the development of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) progression, but the (patho)physiological regulation of metabolite transport remains enigmatic. Despite the practical challenges to separately study individual liver zones, technological advancements in the recent years have greatly improved insight in spatially divided metabolite transport. This review summarizes the theories behind the regulation of zonation, diurnal rhythms and their effect on metabolic zonation, contemporary techniques used to study zonation and current technological challenges, and discusses the current view on spatial and temporal metabolite transport.
Immediate and sustained effects of left‐hand dynamic handgrip on choking in men's basketball free‐throw performance
Authors: Wadhwani Bhuvanesh D. , Lim Harry Ban Teck , McConnell Bridget L.
Published: October 2024

The present study investigated the immediate and sustained effects of left‐hand dynamic handgrip (LDH; left‐hand squeezing) on reducing choking (anxiety‐induced performance decrements) in basketball free‐throw performance. Previous research affirmed LDH's efficacy in mitigating choking in various sports, however, its duration of effectiveness remains elusive. This study examined whether: a) participants who conducted LDH exhibited lower performance decrements than a control group under high‐pressure conditions, and b) the effects were stable over time. Twenty experienced right‐handed male participants (Mage = 23.10) attempted 20 free‐throws in each pre‐test (baseline low‐pressure) and post‐tests (High Pressure‐1; High Pressure‐2). Participants were randomly assigned to the left‐hand or right‐hand/control group and performed corresponding hand contractions preceding High Pressure‐1. State anxiety, assessed through the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory‐2, was induced from Low‐Pressure (Mcognitive = 15.75; Msomatic = 14.90) to High Pressure‐1 (Mcognitive = 20.75; Msomatic = 18.75). Post hoc analyses indicated that the left‐hand group maintained performance throughout all phases. However, the control group experienced performance decrements in High Pressure‐1 and this remained consistent in High Pressure‐2. Results supported both hypotheses, illustrating LDH's effectiveness in countering choking for a minimum duration of 15 minutes. This novel study offers insight into LDH's duration of effectiveness, facilitating wider integration into competitive sports.
Comparative effects of zinc hydroxy chloride, zinc sulfate, and zinc‐methionine on egg quality and quantity traits in laying hens
Authors: Afshar Bakeshlo Ali , Ahmadipour Behnam , Khajali Fariborz , Pirany Nasrollah
Published: October 2024

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different levels of zinc supplements on egg quality and quantity traits as well as egg enrichment with zinc in laying hens from 40 to 50 weeks of age. A total of 240 Hy‐line laying hens were distributed among eight treatments and five replications (six birds per replication). The control group received no zinc diet, while the other treatments were supplemented with varying levels of zinc sulfate (80, 120, and 160 mg/kg) or zinc hydroxy chloride (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg). An additional group of zinc‐methionine supplement at 124 mg/kg was also included. Results showed that different levels of zinc supplementation caused a significant improvement in eggshell resistance, eggshell percentage, feed conversion ratio, and Haugh unit compared to the control group. Adding organic and hydroxy sources of zinc significantly increased zinc contents in egg yolk, tibia bone, and blood. In addition, the treatments containing zinc supplements caused an increase in the antibody level against the Newcastle disease compared to the control (P < 0.05). Different levels and sources of zinc had no significant effect on eggshell thickness, specific gravity, and egg mass. Results showed that adding zinc in hydroxy chloride form at 100 mg/kg could improve performance indices, safety, and egg enrichment with zinc.
Predicting primal weight and primal yield in pork carcasses from a large‐scale survey at major meat processing centers in Japan
Authors: Okumura Toshiaki , Iizuka Shinya , Nakajima Ikuyo , Matsumoto Kazunori , Irie Masakazu
Published: October 2024

Pork primal weight and primal yield are important indicators for pig breeding, feeding management, commercial distribution systems, and meat processing. Here, we aimed to determine whether primal weight and primal yield could be predicted through non‐destructive measurements of pork carcass traits. A total of 4397 carcasses (1958 gilts and 2439 barrows) from eight major meat processing centers were used, and the mean primal weight and primal yield were 56.0 kg and 73.9%, respectively. Significant sex differences were observed for all primal and carcass traits (P < 0.001), except for carcass weight. A maximum of 12 variables were examined, and primal weight was predicted with very high accuracy (R = 0.95, RMSE = 1.7, RPD = 3.0) using four variables. Primal yield was predicted with relatively good accuracy (R = 0.71, RMSE = 2.3, RPD = 1.4) using three variables, and these same variables were also effective for predicting primal weight. These prediction formulas were sufficiently accurate without accounting for the effect of sex. Overall, our results demonstrate that primal weight and primal yield can be accurately predicted using four variables, “carcass weight,” “backfat thickness above M. gluteus medius,” “spinous process length of 13th thoracic vertebra,” and “length from 1st thoracic vertebra to backfat,” without accounting for the effect of sex.
Colchicine effect on biomarkers of cardiac remodelling and atherosclerosis in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hassanain Hanan Ahmed , El Wakeel Lamia Mohamed , Khorshid Hazem , Ahmed Marwa Adel
Published: October 2024

Aims

Owing to its underlying inflammatory nature, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading global cause of mortality, particularly post‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), a condition with significant risk for further cardiovascular events and mortality. This study aimed to investigate colchicine's effect on inflammation, cardiac remodelling and atherosclerotic risk in STEMI patients.

Methods

We conducted a randomized controlled study on 88 STEMI patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. The control group received the guideline‐directed medical therapy for STEMI, and the test group received guideline‐directed medical therapy and 0.5 mg colchicine twice daily for 3 months. The soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity (sST2), interleukin‐1β, lipid profile parameters, triglyceride (TG)/high‐density lipoprotein (HDL‐C) ratio levels and left ventricular ejection fraction were evaluated for patients at baseline and the end of the 3 months.

Results

No significant effects were reported for colchicine on sST2, interleukin‐1β levels or left ventricular ejection fraction. Colchicine significantly lowered TG levels vs. controls, 134 (46–353) vs. 176 (72–825) respectively, P = .02, as well as TG/HDL‐C ratio levels, 4.16 (2.75–5.24) vs. 5.11 (3.51–8.33),` respectively, P = .024. sST2 levels of the studied cohort were positively correlated with their TG/HDL‐C ratio levels (R = .459, P < .001) at the end of follow‐up.

Conclusion

Our study highlights a promising impact of colchicine on atherosclerosis and cardiac remodelling factors in STEMI patients. Colchicine significantly reduced TG levels and TG/HDL‐C ratio and was safe and well tolerated. Larger long‐term studies powered to assess clinical outcomes of remodelling are necessary to confirm its beneficial effects in STEMI.

Clinicaltrial.gov registration ID

NCT06054100.
A multi‐centre prospective cohort study investigating the roles of psychological flexibility and self‐compassion in appearance concerns after burn injuries
Authors: Shepherd Laura , Sirois Fuschia M. , Harcourt Diana , Norman Paul , Aaron David , Adkins Kate , Cartwright Anna , Hodgkinson Emma , Murphy Nicola , Thompson Andrew R.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Appearance concerns following burn injuries are common. Psychological factors are important in maintaining such concerns. However, there is a lack of longitudinal or prospective research investigating their development. This study investigated whether psychological flexibility and self‐compassion at hospital admission predicted subsequent appearance concerns.

Design

A multi‐centre prospective cohort study across six burn services.

Methods

Adults (n = 175; 67% male) in hospital following burn injuries were recruited. Questionnaires measuring appearance concerns, psychological flexibility, self‐compassion, post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms and perceived noticeability were completed during hospital admission and two‐ and six‐months later. Demographic and burn injury information was collected.

Results

Correlational analyses showed that increased psychological flexibility and self‐compassion at admission were associated with decreased appearance concerns cross‐sectionally and prospectively at two‐ and six‐month follow‐up. These associations remained significant when controlling for key covariates (i.e. gender, age, ethnicity, percentage total body surface area burnt, perceived noticeability, PTSD symptoms). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that psychological flexibility and self‐compassion predicted appearance concerns during hospital admission. Although psychological flexibility significantly predicted appearance concerns over time, it became non‐significant when controlling for baseline appearance concerns.

Conclusions

Psychological flexibility has a protective role against appearance concerns soon after burn injuries, although this protective role is reduced when accounting for baseline appearance concerns. Early interventions targeting psychological flexibility (i.e. acceptance and commitment therapy) may be beneficial after burns if adapted to address appearance‐related concerns.
The Relationships Between Trust Beliefs in Physicians by Children With Asthma, Those by Their Mothers and the Children's Medical Health
Authors: Petrocchi Serena , Rotenberg Ken J.
Published: October 2024

Background

The study examined whether there were linear and curvilinear relationships between the trust beliefs in physicians by the children, those by their mothers and the children's medical health. The study examined whether there were changes in those relationships across time.

Methods

The data gathered in a previous study were subjected to further analyses. One hundred and forty‐three children with asthma (116 males, Mage = 12 years and 7 months) and their mothers were administered standardized scales twice across 1 year. The scales assessed the children's trust beliefs in physicians, the mothers' trust beliefs in physicians, the children's quality of life and the children's adherence to prescribed medical regimes.

Results

Quadratic relationships were found between the children's quality of life and both their and their mothers' trust beliefs in physicians. The quadratic relationship increased over time. Linear relationships were found between trust beliefs in physicians and children's adherence to prescribed medical regimes.

Conclusion

Children with asthma are prone to a lower quality of life when they and their mothers hold very high, as well as hold very low, trust beliefs in physicians. Children's trust beliefs in physicians increase the probability of adherence to prescribed medical regimes.
You are here! Rethinking children's executive function development in the presence of others
Authors: Frick Aurélien
Published: October 2024

The development of executive function (EF) has been linked to various life outcomes, motivating intense research on the topic. While much of this research has focused on more thoroughly understanding age‐related changes of the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms involved, recent theoretical and empirical works have stressed how the immediate physical and social context plays an important role in how children engage in control. Recent studies have shown that the experimenter is an important variable modulating how children engage EF. In this article, I argue that this social presence should be examined more thoroughly to understand the influence of the research context on assessing EF in children. However, this examination should not neglect the fact that the presence of others and the interactions with them likely shape the development of EF in the long run, with important interindividual differences. Examining how others affect children's development of EF can have important implications, such as better reproducibility of studies' findings and theoretical conceptions.
Continuous Toolpath Optimization for Simultaneous Four‐Axis Subtractive Manufacturing
Authors: Zhang Zhenmin , Shi Zihan , Zhong Fanchao , Zhang Kun , Zhang Wenjing , Guo Jianwei , Tu Changhe , Zhao Haisen
Published: October 2024

Simultaneous four‐axis machining involves a cutter that moves in all degrees of freedom during carving. This strategy provides higher‐quality surface finishing compared to positional machining. However, it has not been well‐studied in research. In this study, we propose the first end‐to‐end computational framework to optimize the toolpath for fabricating complex models using simultaneous four‐axis subtractive manufacturing. In our technique, we first slice the input 3D model into uniformly distributed 2D layers. For each slicing layer, we perform an accessibility analysis for each intersected contour within this layer. Then, we proceed with over‐segmentation and a bottom‐up connecting process to generate a minimal number of fabricable segments. Finally, we propose post‐processing techniques to further optimize the tool directionand the transfer path between segments. Physical experiments of nine models demonstrate our significant improvements in both fabrication quality and efficiency, compared to the positional strategy and two simultaneous tool paths generated by industry‐standard CAM systems.
Dynamic Voxel‐Based Global Illumination
Authors: Cosin Ayerbe Alejandro , Poulin Pierre , Patow Gustavo
Published: October 2024

Global illumination computation in real time has been an objective for Computer Graphics since its inception. Unfortunately, its implementation has challenged up to now the most advanced hardware and software solutions. We propose a real‐time voxel‐based global illumination solution for a single light bounce that handles static and dynamic objects with diffuse materials under a dynamic light source. The combination of ray tracing and voxelization on the GPU offers scalability and performance. Our divide‐and‐win approach, which ray traces separately static and dynamic objects, reduces the re‐computation load with updates of any number of dynamic objects. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, allowing the real‐time display of global illumination effects, including colour bleeding and indirect shadows, for complex scenes containing millions of polygons.
The long‐term impacts of Marine Protected Areas on fish catch and socioeconomic development in Tanzania
Authors: Desbureaux Sébastien , Girard Julia , Dalongeville Alicia , Devillers Rodolphe , Mouillot David , Jiddawi Narriman , Sanchez Loic , Velez Laure , Mathon Laetitia , Leblois Antoine
Published: October 2024

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are a cornerstone of marine conservation efforts, with the potential to protect biodiversity and provide socioeconomic benefits. We quantified the effect of MPAs on fishing outcomes, economic activities, and material living standards in 24 coastal villages of Tanzania over two decades. We accessed original data from a study conducted in 2003 that found no effect of MPAs 3–8 years after their creation. Eighteen years later, we replicated the survey and used a Before‐After Control‐Intervention design to quantify the effect of MPAs. We found that villages near MPAs experienced a 50% higher improvement in living standards compared to those further from MPAs. This benefit is not related to higher fishing outcomes but to a diversification of economic sectors. Our findings highlight a decoupling between fish catches and economic benefits, revealing that socio‐economic outcomes can be observed for MPAs whose ecosystems’ productivity has declined.
Association Between Liver Graft to Recipient Weight Ratio and Acute Kidney Injury Following Liver Transplantation: A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Soucy‐Proulx Maxime , Carrier Francois Martin , Vincelette Christian , Grogan Tristan , Xia Victor , Wray Christopher , Sheth Mansi , Nguyen‐Buckley Christine , Roullet Stephanie , Ramadan Joanna , Toubal Leila , Naili Salima , Sa Cunha Antonio , Azoulay Daniel , Cherqui Daniel , Joosten Alexandre
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication following liver transplantation (LT) that has a multifactorial etiology. While some perioperative risk factors have been associated with postoperative AKI, the impact of liver graft weight to recipient body weight ratio (GW/RBW) has been poorly explored. We hypothesized that a high GW/RBW ratio would be associated with AKI after LT.

Methods

This single‐center historical cohort study included all consecutive adults who had LT at Paul Brousse Hospital between 2018 and 2022. Patients requiring preoperative renal replacement therapy, combined solid organ transplantation, retransplantation, split or domino graft were excluded, as well as those with missing graft weight and creatinine values during the first postoperative week. The primary exposure was GW/RBW ratio expressed as a proportion. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative AKI within 7 days after surgery, defined using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The secondary outcome was the AKI severity (KDIGO grades). We estimated logistic and ordinal regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors and explored nonlinear associations.

Results

Of 467 patients analyzed, 211 (45%) developed AKI. A high GW/RBW ratio was associated with both the risk of postoperative AKI and the severity of AKI (KDIGO grades), especially above a threshold of 2.5% (non‐linear effect).

Conclusion

A high GW/RBW ratio was associated with an exponential increase in the risk of AKI after LT. A high GW/RBW ratio was also associated with an increased AKI severity. Our findings may help improve graft allocation in patients undergoing LT.
Brawny Brackets: Connecting the dots from layout design to pull flow
Authors: Hardcopf Rick , Kannan Vijay , Ebbeler Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Lean production (“Lean”) is a topic frequently taught in undergraduate and graduate operations/supply chain management courses. Lean's “pull system” is a common component of the instruction, and several useful simulations have been developed that allow students to experience a pull system firsthand. While existing simulations focus on the mechanics of a pull system, the Brawny Brackets simulation focuses on improving “flow”—that is, framing a pull system in the context of layout design and batch sizing, and the waste associated with jumbled flow patterns. The robust and flexible simulation allows instructors to expand or contract the topics taught to match the course objectives and teaching time available.

Brawny Brackets is a useful tool to help students learn how to improve operational efficiency and effectiveness. As this article demonstrates, the Brawny Brackets simulation can enhance student learning in operations and supply chain management courses in both undergraduate and graduate courses.
Participation Preferences in Cognitive Treatments Among Youth With Mental Illness: Findings From the Your Mind, Your Choice Survey
Authors: Bryce Shayden , Cheng Nicholas , Stainton Alexandra , Zbukvic Isabel , Dalton Alex , Ojinnaka Angelica , Ratheesh Aswin , O'Halloran Chris , Uren Jacquie , Gates Jesse , Daglas‐Georgiou Rothanthi , Wood Stephen , Allott Kelly
Published: October 2024

Aim

To explore the cognitive treatment preferences of young people with mental illness.

Methods

Two‐hundred and fourteen people, aged 12–25 years, were surveyed about their treatment priorities. Participants were specifically asked how they might like to receive cognitive treatments and identify factors that might influence their decisions to participate.

Results

Over half of the participants indicated that they would like to receive treatment face‐to‐face, in a one‐on‐one setting, with a treatment focus on both deficits and strengths, or without involvement from friends or family when asked about each preference individually. However, only 11% of people wanted all four of these preferences combined. Treatment cost, effectiveness, therapeutic relationships, and accessibility were the most frequently identified factors that could influence perceived decisions to participate.

Conclusions

The cognitive treatment preferences of young people are variable. Supports focusing on both cognitive strengths and deficits were a novel finding and warrants further attention within existing treatment frameworks.
How relational and collective identification shape the relationship between individual ambidexterity and job performance
Authors: Balzano Marco , Bunjak Aldijana , Bortoluzzi Guido
Published: October 2024

Asbtract

In the contemporary business landscape, employees are increasingly expected to demonstrate a wide range of competencies, which require a combination of exploration‐based and exploitation‐based individual abilities. In this vein, the present study investigates how individual ambidextrous abilities affect job performance. Furthermore, by bridging the gap between individual ambidexterity literature and dynamic self‐concept theory, we argue that identification with both peers and leaders plays a contingency role, thus moderating the relationship between individual ambidexterity and job performance. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a multi‐source field study of 380 employees operating in manufacturing firms. The collected data combines objective measures of individual ambidextrous abilities, supervisory‐rated job performance, and identification measures. Our hypotheses received empirical support. Overall, this study provides practical guidance for organizations by highlighting the importance of fostering individual ambidexterity to maintain high job performance through effective cooperation with both peers and leaders at work.