bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A short survey on next generation 5G wireless networks
Authors: Yıldız Azra , Džakmić Šejla , Ahmed Saleh Mohammed
Published: March 2020

Current 4G - the fourth-generation wireless communication, which exists in most countries, represents an advance of the previous 3 generation wireless communication. However, there are some challenges and limitations, associated with an explosion of wireless devices, which cannot be accommodated by 4G. Increasing the proliferation of smart devices, the development of new multimedia applications, and the growing demand for high data rates are among the main problems of the existing 4G system. As a solution, the wireless system designers have started research on the fifth-generation wireless systems. 5G will be the paradigm shift that could provide with ultra-high data rate, low latency, an increase of the base station capacity, and the improved quality of services. This paper is a review of the changes through the evolution of existing cellular networks toward 5G.  It represented a comprehensive study associated with 5G, requirements for 5G, its advantages, and challenges. We will explain the architecture changes – radio access network (RAN), air interfaces, smart antennas, cloud RAN, and HetNet. Furthermore, it discussed physical layer technologies, which include new channel modes estimation, new antenna design, and MIMO technologies. Also, it discussed MAC layer protocols. The article included three kinds of technologies: heterogeneous networks, massive multiple-input and output, and millimeter-wave. Finally, it explained the applications, supported by 5G, new features, various possibilities, and predictions.
A review on mobile operating systems and application development platforms
Authors: Almisreb Ali , Hadžo Mulalić Hana , Mučibabić Nina , Numanović Refija
Published: March 2020

The previous existing mobile technologies were only limited to voice and short messages, organized between several network operators and service providers. However, recent advancements in technologies, introduction, and development of the smartphones added many features such: high-speed processors, huge memory, multitasking, screens with large-resolution, utile communication hardware, and so on. Mobile devices were evolving into general-purpose computers, which resulted in the development of various technological platforms, operating systems, and platforms for the development of the applications. All these results in the occurrence of various competitive offers on the market. The above-mentioned features, processing speed and applications available on mobile devices are affected by underlying operating systems. In this paper, there will be discussed the mobile operating systems and application development platforms.
Impact of quality and innovation strategies on business performance of Bosnian B2B and B2C companies
Authors: Durakovic Benjamin , Cosic Amar
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper was to compare two business models, namely business to business and business to customer. The first model is oriented towards the delivery of intermediate goods ordered by an immense foreign market leader that is outsourcing a part of its business. The second model is consumer oriented and is more about innovation and the creation of goods ready to be immediately sold on the market. Bosnia is a developing country, and often a place for establishing B2B businesses. However, we are lacking in innovation, our own know-how, and the creation of challenging business opportunities. It also faces the problem of brain drain; therefore, it needs a plan for retaining the youth within the country. The analysis aimed to show how the boosting jobs and living standards in Bosnia are affected by the investments, exports, and salaries within the B2B and B2C companies. The results showed that Bosnia has a significant potential for raising living standards, employment and salary, if investments are directed towards innovations, knowledge-intensive and B2C businesses instead of labor-intensive investments.
Survey: Benefits of integrating both wireless sensors networks and cloud computing infrastructure
Authors: Abdulshaheed Haider Rasheed , Al Barazanchi Israa , Binti Sidek Madya Safiah
Published: March 2020

Cloud computing has the capabilities of powerful processing and scalable storage with the ability of offline and online data analysis and mining of the collected sensed data from body areas networks. Cloud computing can be considered as the main enabler for modern manufacturing industries. Cloud computing can efficiently serve key areas of manufacturing by aspects of the pay-as-you-go business model, scaling up and down production according to certain demands, more customized solutions, and flexible deployments. In cloud manufacturing, the distributed sensors and resources can be managed in centralized architecture that allows cloud users to request more specific product design, testing at all the stages of the product. This study covers the main points of Integrating Both Wireless Sensors Networks and Cloud Computing Infrastructure and gives a view of the various advantage and disadvantages of methods in integration.
30 dB microstrip coupler with high directivity
Authors: Yildiz Azra , İmeci Şehabeddin Taha
Published: March 2020

Due to the inhomogeneous structure of microstrip directional couplers, i.e. partly dielectric substrate, partly air, they mostly present property of poor directivity and low coupling level. The high directivity is achieved by a capacitive compensation by gap coupling of open stub formed in a sub-coupled line. Nevertheless, these couplers have the advantage of easy fabrication, lightweight, and incorporation with other microwave devices and are validated via design using Sonnet software. The main goal was to obtain coupling around -30 dB, meaning that almost all power is passed to the output, with a wide band; from around 3.5GHz to nearly 9GHz. Desired values have been obtained, including isolation and input match reaching -70 dB.
Pileups and Migration Rates for Planets in Low-mass Disks
Authors: Dempsey Adam M. , Lee Wing-Kit , Lithwick Yoram
Published: March 2020

We investigate how planets interact with viscous accretion disks, in the limit that the disk is sufficiently low mass that the planet migrates more slowly than the disk material. In that case, the disk’s surface density profile is determined by the disk being in viscous steady state (VSS) while overflowing the planet’s orbit. We compute the VSS profiles with 2D hydrodynamical simulations, and show that disk material piles up behind the planet, with the planet effectively acting as a leaky dam. Previous 2D hydrodynamical simulations missed the pileup effect because of incorrect boundary conditions, while previous 1D models greatly overpredicted the pileup due to the neglect of nonlocal deposition. Our simulations quantify the magnitude of the pileup for a variety of planet masses and disk viscosities. We also calculate theoretically the magnitude of the pileup for moderately deep gaps, showing good agreement with simulations. For very deep gaps, current theory is inadequate, and we show why and what must be understood better. The pileup is important for two reasons. First, it is observable in directly imaged protoplanetary disks, and hence can be used to diagnose the mass of a planet that causes it or the viscosity within the disk. Second, it determines the planet’s migration rate. Our simulations determine a new Type-II migration rate (valid for low-mass disks), and show how it connects continuously with the well-verified Type-I rate.
Physical Origin of GeV Emission in the Early Phase of GRB 170405A: Clues from Emission Onsets with Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: Arimoto Makoto , Asano Katsuaki , Tachibana Yutaro , Axelsson Magnus
Published: March 2020

The origin of GeV emission from the early epoch of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is a widely discussed issue. The long gamma-ray burst GRB 170405A, observed by the Fermi
Gamma-ray Space Telescope, showed high-energy emission delayed by ∼20 s with respect to the X-ray emission, followed by temporally fading gamma-ray emission lasting for ∼1000 s, as commonly observed in high-energy GRBs. In addition, a high-energy spectral cutoff at ∼50 MeV was detected in the prompt-emission phase. If this feature is caused by pair-production opacity, the bulk Lorentz factor of the GRB ejecta can be estimated to be Γbulk = 170–420. Simultaneously with Fermi, GRB 170405A was observed by the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope and X-ray telescope, and a clear optical onset was detected ∼200 s after the burst by the Swift/Ultraviolet Optical Telescope. By coupling the deceleration time to the derived bulk Lorentz factor, the deceleration time was found to correspond to the delayed onset in the optical band. While the delayed onset in the optical band is evidence that this emission had an external shock origin, the temporally extended emission in the GeV band before the optical onset is hard to reconcile with the standard synchrotron emission from the same external shock. This may imply that the common feature of GeV emission with a power-law decay does not necessarily have the same origin as the optical afterglow in all GRBs detected by the Fermi/Large Area Telescope, particularly in their early epoch. Another mechanism to explain the GeV emission in GRB 170405A may be required, such as an internal shock or inverse Compton emission.
Unraveling the Nature of the Deeply Embedded Wolf–Rayet Star WR 121a
Authors: Arora Bharti , Pandey J. C.
Published: March 2020

An X-ray study of the deeply embedded Wolf–Rayet star WR 121a has been carried out using long-term (spanning over ∼12 yr) archival observations from Chandra and XMM-Newton. For the first time, a periodic variation of 4.1 days has been detected in the X-ray light curve of WR 121a. No companion is seen in a merged and exposure-corrected Chandra X-ray image of WR 121a, as found in other previous observations in the J band. The X-ray spectrum of WR 121a is well explained by a thermal plasma emission model with temperatures of 0.98 ± 0.34 keV and 3.55 ± 0.69 keV for the cool and hot components, respectively, and nonsolar abundances. The present study indicates that WR 121a is an X-ray-bright massive binary with an X-ray luminosity of ∼1034 erg s−1, which can be explained by active wind collision between its components. Phase-locked modulations have been seen in the flux variation of WR 121a where the flux increases by a factor of ∼1.6 from minimum to maximum in the 0.3–10.0 keV energy band. These variations could be caused by the wind collision region being eclipsed by the secondary star in a binary orbit. The winds of both components of WR 121a appear to be radiative. Radiative inhibition and radiative braking are the most likely processes that are severely affecting the wind collision in this short-period massive binary system.
Sequence of phase transformations at the formation of the strontium chrome-molybdate compound
Authors: Kalanda N. A. , Gurskii A. L. , Yarmolich M. V. , Petrov A. V. , Bobrikov I. A. , Ivanshina O. Yu. , Sumnikov S. V. , Maia F. , Zhaludkevich A. L. , Demyanov S. E.
Published: March 2020

The sequence of phase transformations in the process of crystallization of the Sr2CrMoO6 by the solid-phase technique from a stoichiometric mixture of simple oxides SrCO3 + 0.5Cr2O3 + MoO, has been investigated. It was determined that the synthesis of the strontium chrome-molybdate proceeds through a series of sequential-parallel stages. By means of the differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis data, it has been established that five clearly expressed endothermal effects were observed in the temperature range 300−1300 K. It was found that during the studies of the phase transformations sequence in the process of the double perovskite synthesis, SrCrO3, SrMoO4 and Sr2CrO4 are the main concomitant compounds. Herewith, it has been observed that with the annealing temperature increase from 300 to 1270 K, the complex compounds SrCrO4, SrCrO3 (350−550 К) and SrMoO4, Sr2CrO4 (600−750 К) are emerging initially and practically simultaneously. It has been revealed with a subsequent temperature increase that in the temperature range 940−1100 К, the SrMoO4, Sr2CrO4 and SrCrO3 phase concentration dramatically drops with the emerging and growth of the Sr2CrMoO6-δ double perovskite. With that in the range up to 1120–1190 К, the main XRD reflexes intensity for the SrCrO3 and SrMoO4 lowers substantially, and their content in the samples at 1170 К is no more than 7.9%. During a consideration of the derivative of the SrCrO3, SrMoO4 and Sr2CrO4 phase transformation degree (|(dα/dt)|mах), at which their crystallization rates are maximal, it has been determined that |(dα/dt)|mах for the Sr2CrO4 corresponds to the maximal temperature 1045 К, which indicates the presence of considerable kinetic difficulties at the formation of the Sr2CrO4 phase. Thereafter this phase does not disappear and at its appearance the slowing down of the double perovskite growth takes place. On the base of investigations of the phase transformations dynamics for the obtaining of the single-phase Sr2CrMoO6-δ compound with the superstructural ordering of the Cr/Mo cations and improved magnetic characteristics, the SrCrO3 and SrMoO4 precursors were used with combined heating modes.
Spectral diagnostics of oscillation centers in crystals with hydrogen bonds
Authors: Timokhin Viktor M. , Garmash Vladimir M. , Tedzhetov Valentin A.
Published: March 2020

Practical application of crystals in optoelectronics and laser engineering requires the directions of optical axes and the types of oscillation centers be known, and this is an important and necessary condition. We have studied the infrared transmittance and absorption spectra of hexagonal lithium iodate α-LiIО3 crystals grown by open evaporation method in H2O and D2O solutions and natural lamellar monoclinic crystals of phlogopite and muscovite. The band gap of the test crystals has been determined from the transmittance spectra. The absorption spectra have provided information on the activation energy and wavelength of the activation centers related to the oscillations of protons, hydroxonium ions Н3О+, protium Н+, ОН- groups and HDO molecules. There has been a good correlation between the parameters of infrared spectra, thermally stimulated depolarization current spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. We have analyzed the possibility of oscillation center diagnostics based on infrared spectra which also allow determining the directions of optical axes. The experimental results confirm the possibility of using IR spectra for determining the type of oscillation centers and the presence of lattice anisotropy in test crystals.
Reactor with metallic fuel and lead-208 coolant
Authors: Khorasanov Georgiy L. , Blokhin Anatoliy I.
Published: March 2020

The paper considers the concept of a fast lead cooled 25MW reactor for a variety of applications, including incineration of minor actinides, production of medical radioisotopes, testing of radiation-damaged nuclear technology materials, etc. A specific feature of the proposed reactor is rather a high neutron flux of 2.6·1015 n/(cm2·s) at the core center, high average neutron energy of 0.95 MeV at the core center, and a large fraction (40%) of hard neutrons (En > 0.8 MeV). The extremely high estimated reactor parameters are achieved thanks to the small core dimensions (DxH ≈ 0.50×0.42 m2), innovative metallic fuel of the Pu-Am-Np-Zr alloy, and the 208Pb enriched lead coolant. A relatively high probability of 241Am fission (about 50%) is achieved in the reactor core’s hard spectrum, this making it possible to incinerate up to 4 kg of 241Am during one reactor campaign of 1000 effective days.
The value of a single character: the Paleogene European land snail Ferussina Grateloup, 1827 is likely a cyclophorid (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda)
Authors: Páll-Gergely Barna , Neubauer Thomas A.
Published: March 2020

FerussinaGrateloup, 1827 is a European Paleogene land snail genus, which is currently classified in its own family, the Ferussinidae Wenz, 1923 (1915), in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea. The shell of this genus is remarkable by its last quarter whorl turning towards the apex instead of away from it, which is an unusual trait in terrestrial snails. We show, however, that this trait has evolved at least nine times in terrestrial Eupulmonata and Caenogastropoda, and it does not justify distinction at the family level in any of the reported cases. This observation suggests the systematic position ofFerussinashould not be based on the apexward-turning last quarter whorl alone but instead on the general morphology of the shell. As a result, we re-evaluate the systematic position of the Ferussinidae and treat it as a subfamily of the Cyclophoridae.
L’avortement en Argentine : le refus de l’autonomie des femmes
Authors: Montoya Angeline
Published: March 2020

Le 14 juin 2018, la chambre basse argentine prononça une délibération historique : par 129 voix contre 125 et une abstention, les député-e-s votèrent pour la légalisation de l’avortement pendant les quatorze premières semaines de grossesse. Après des décennies de mobilisation, il semblait que l’Argentine allait devenir le second pays d’Amérique du Sud, après l’Uruguay en 2012, à légaliser une pratique courante mais réalisée dans la plus complète clandestinité. Mais, moins de deux mois plus tard, le 9 août, le Sénat infligea un cruel revers aux pro-choix, rejetant le projet à 38 voix contre 31. L’article revient sur les moments marquants de la politisation de l’avortement en Argentine en relatant d’abord les débats de l’année 1994 et ceux succédant à la crise de 2001. Il analyse le choix stratégique du discours sur la vie pour les acteurs en présence, ainsi que le rôle de l’Eglise catholique pour laquelle l’enjeu principal est de conserver son poids sur les élites politiques et son pouvoir institutionnel, dans un contexte de plus grande pluralité religieuse. Le texte interroge finalement l’apparent paradoxe entre les remarquables avancées des droits et libertés LGBT, et le blocage politique concernant le droit des femmes à avorter en toute légalité et dans de bonnes conditions sanitaires.
Le processus de politisation de l’avortement au Brésil
Authors: Marsiaj Juan P.
Published: March 2020

Depuis la fin de la dictature militaire au Brésil dans les années 1980, la mobilisation du mouvement féministe a joué un rôle central dans la politisation des droits reproductifs des femmes, et plus spécifiquement pour celle de l’avortement. Dans cette même période, des acteurs conservateurs, principalement ceux liés aux églises catholique et évangéliques, ont mis en place une résistance toujours plus forte à la libéralisation de l’interruption de la grossesse. Cet article examine cette dialectique entre le mouvement féministe et le contre-mouvement conservateur pour mettre en lumière les principales dynamiques politiques de la lutte pour la libéralisation des droits reproductifs des femmes. Il soutient que, malgré l’émergence et l’activité intense d’un mouvement féministe à l’échelle nationale et internationale, ainsi que l’existence d’un assez vif débat public sur la question de l’avortement, l’activité fortement organisée d’un contre-mouvement conservateur-religieux bénéficiant du cadre institutionnel politique brésilien a imposé des obstacles à la décriminalisation de l’avortement, même si quelques opportunités sont restées ouvertes pour une libéralisation très relative. Les deux premières parties de l’article analysent l’émergence et les effets du mouvement féministe, ainsi que la relation entre religion et politique depuis les années 1980 au Brésil. Cette toile de fond donne des clés d’explication de l’état de la santé reproductive au Brésil et permet l’examen du processus de politisation de l’avortement dans les diverses arènes institutionnelles de l’état. La conclusion se penche sur les enjeux les plus récents liés aux droits reproductifs et sexuels, après la chute des gouvernements du Parti des Travailleurs (PT) et la renaissance de la droite.
L’interruption légale de grossesse dans la ville de Mexico : la convergence vertueuse d’exigences citoyennes, de changements législatifs, et de nouvelles politiques publiques
Authors: Márquez Murrieta Alicia , Robert Garance
Published: March 2020

En 2007, l’assemblée législative du district fédéral de Mexico (aujourd’hui Ciudad de México) a voté une transformation légale très importante : la légalisation de l’avortement avant les 12 premières semaines de gestation. L’article expose les principaux éléments qui ont contribué à la légalisation, ainsi qu’une chronologie des quelques événements marquants de ce processus ; finalement, nous décrivons la mise en pratique de l’Interruption Légale de la Grossesse (ILG). L’article met en évidence le fait que suite à la loi, et d’une manière presque immédiate, des protocoles médicaux et sociaux ont été mis en place, de sorte que les femmes ont pu s’approprier rapidement les nouveaux dispositifs.
France : la fécondité la plus élevée d’Europe
Authors: Pison Gilles
Published: March 2020

La fécondité est en général élevée en Europe du Nord et faible en Europe du Sud. Dans les pays ex-communistes du Centre et de l’Est de l’Europe, l’indicateur conjoncturel de fécondité s’est effondré après la chute du Mur de Berlin en 1989, mais il est en train de se relever rapidement depuis quelques années.
Les principautés de Flandre et de Hainaut aux XI e - XII e siècles : identité, perception, relations
Authors: Santinelli-Foltz Emmanuelle
Published: March 2020

L’objectif de l’article est d’analyser, à partir de l’étude des relations sociales dans les sources narratives et diplomatiques, la perception des distinctions entre les principautés de Flandre et de Hainaut aux xi e - xii e  siècles, leurs natures et leurs évolutions. Il montre ainsi comment elles sont perçues comme deux territoires distincts, avec leurs référents identitaires, puis comment leur situation de voisinage les conduit à entretenir des relations multiformes qui oscillent entre alliance, compétition et conflit, renforçant le sentiment d’appartenance à chacune d’elles, sans pour autant exclure de multiples perméabilités. Il en ressort, selon l’angle et l’échelle d’observation, différents types de disparités territoriales, notamment en termes de pouvoir : d’une part, divers indices laissent supposer la supériorité politique de la Flandre sur le Hainaut, même si c’est le comte hainuyer qui finit par s’imposer, à la fin du xii e  siècle, à la tête des deux principautés ; d’autre part, la structuration de chacune des principautés conduit à la définition d’un centre et d’une périphérie dans lesquels le pouvoir s’ancre différemment ; enfin, l’affirmation identitaire des deux principautés n’exclut pas la reconnaissance d’entités territoriales plus petites (seigneuries) ou plus grandes (royaumes) à l’identité tout autant affirmée et avec lesquelles le pouvoir comtal doit tenir compte.
Disparités géographiques, disparités sociales : l’aire de recrutement des immigrants à Valenciennes à la fin du Moyen Âge
Authors: Pirez-Huart Stéphanie
Published: March 2020

À la fin du Moyen Âge, Valenciennes accueille de nombreux immigrants, qu’il est parfois difficile d’identifier. Les sources nous donnent accès aux listes de nouveaux bourgeois et de demandeurs d’asile qui viennent s’installer en ville. Elles comportent des éléments d’identification tels que la profession et l’origine géographique de ces migrants. Cet article entend croiser ces informations et déterminer s’il y a une corrélation entre ces deux données et établir une éventuelle disparité dans l’aire de recrutement des migrants.
Initiating Telephone Follow Up After Hospital Discharge From an Inpatient Psychiatric Setting to Reduce Recidivism
Authors: Adams Hye Sil , Staten Ruth R. , Coty Mary-Beth
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the current evidence-based practice (EBP) project was to reduce recidivism in patients with depression after acute psychiatric hospital discharge through implementation of telephone follow up. Eight patients (intervention group) were called within 72 hours of discharge to reinforce discharge instructions and administer the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The results were compared to 16 patients (control group) who were discharged during the same timeframe 1 year prior. The findings from the control group revealed one (6.25%) patient was readmitted and three (18.75%) patients visited the emergency department (ED) within 30 days of discharge. No one in the intervention group was readmitted or visited the ED within 30 days post discharge. Statistically significant differences were not detected in discharge telephone call status (received or did not receive) and readmissions (
p
= 1.000) and ED visits (
p
= 0.526). For six patients in the intervention group, the mean PHQ-9 score was 3.3, which was within a depression severity of none to minimal. This quality improvement project helped address patient lack of knowledge related to discharge instructions after being discharged from the hospital to home. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58
(5), 25–31.]
Violence Factors and Debriefing in Psychiatric Inpatient Care: A Review
Authors: Asikainen Jaana , Vehviläinen-Julkunen Katri , Repo-Tiihonen Eila , Louheranta Olavi
Published: March 2020

The aim of the current review was to identify, analyze, and synthesize the available research on violence factors in psychiatric care and the potential of debriefing to reduce the incidence of violence necessitating coercive measures. A two-part electronic search was conducted using multiple databases. Part 1 focused on reviews and meta-analyses relating to violence factors published between 2007 and 2017. Part 2 focused on articles on debriefing published after 2000.

Two hundred ninety-five articles on violence factors and debriefing were identified, from which 39 publications were selected for detailed analysis. Results indicate that patient characteristics, management, staff approaches, and the ward environment are influencers that may trigger violent incidents. Several violence factors in psychiatric care have been identified. Nursing communication, leadership, and debriefing are among the most effective ways of reducing violence in psychiatric care. [
Journal of Psychoso
cial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58
(5), 39–49.]
One-Year Outcomes From a Prospective, Randomized, Eye-to-Eye Comparison of Wavefront-Guided and Wavefront-Optimized PRK in Myopia
Authors: Smith Ryan G. , Manche Edward E.
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE:

To compare wavefront-guided (WFG) and wavefront-optimized (WFO) photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in patients with myopia using objective and self-reported quality of vision outcomes.

METHODS:

A total of 40 eyes from 20 participants were prospectively randomized to receive WFG or WFO PRK with the WaveLight Allegretto Eye-Q 400-Hz excimer laser (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX). The primary outcome measured was uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) at 12 months postoperatively. Secondary outcome measures included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), less than 5% and less than 25% contrast visual acuity, changes in higher order aberrations (HOAs), and self-reported quality of vision. Patients completed a validated, Rasch-tested, linear-scaled 30-item questionnaire assessing the quality of vision and visual symptoms preoperatively and at each visit.

RESULTS:

There was no statistically significant difference (
P
> .05) between the WFG and WFO groups in the frequency of attaining a refractive error within ±0.25 diopters of emmetropia, achieving postoperative UDVA of 20/16 or better or 20/20 or better, losing one or two or more lines or maintaining their preoperative CDVA, or differences in UDVA, CDVA, low contrast acuity, or HOAs. None of the measured quality of vision parameters exhibited statistically significant differences between the groups preoperatively or at 12 months postoperatively (all
P
> .05). The WFG and WFO groups each showed significant improvement in multiple subjective measures compared to pretreatment values in the same eye. A total of 12.5% of patients preferred their WFG PRK eye, 31.25% preferred their WFO PRK eye, and 56.25% had no preference at 12 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS:

WFG and WFO PRK using the Alcon Wave-Light Allegretto Eye-Q 400-Hz excimer laser platform provide similar results and self-reported visual symptoms in myopic eyes at 12 months postoperatively.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(3):160–168.]
Predictors of Patient Satisfaction After Refractive Lens Exchange With an Extended Depth of Focus IOL
Authors: Schallhorn Steven C. , Hettinger Keith A. , Teenan David , Venter Jan A. , Hannan Stephen J. , Schallhorn Julie M.
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE:

To identify independent factors associated with postoperative satisfaction after refractive lens exchange with an extended depth of focus intraocular lens (EDOF IOL).

METHODS:

Patients who underwent a refractive lens exchange with bilateral implantation of the AT LARA 829MP IOL (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and attended the 3-month follow-up visit were included in the analysis (N = 351 patients). Demographics, preoperative and postoperative clinical parameters, and patient-reported outcomes were used in a regression model to determine predictors of 3-month postoperative satisfaction.

RESULTS:

The mean age of the study group was 58.2 ± 7.0 years (range: 45 to 79 years) and the mean preoperative sphere ranged between −12.50 and +6.75 diopters (D). At 3 months postoperatively, 86.6% of patients were very satisfied or satisfied with outcomes and 93.2% would recommend the procedure to their family or friends. Of all patients, 90.6% achieved binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better, 92.0% achieved binocular near vision of 20/50 or better, and 85.5% of eyes were within ±0.50 D of emmetropia. Logistic regression identified postoperative dry eye symptoms, binocular near and distance visual acuity, and glare symptoms as significant independent factors affecting patient satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS:

Several factors were independently predictive of postoperative satisfaction after EDOF IOL implantation and addressing these may further improve patient satisfaction with the procedure, specifically, proper management of early symptoms of dry eye, ensuring good refractive predictability to maximize unaided vision, and counseling patients about the possibility of visual phenomena in the early postoperative period.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(3):175–184.]
Invertebrados continentales de las Islas Columbretes. Nuevas especies
Authors: Mestre-Forés E. , Montagud S. , Jaques J. A. , González P.
Published: March 2020

La fauna terrestre de invertebrados del archipiélago protegido de Columbretes es poco conocida. Además, los pocos estudios existentes se centran en su isla principal, Illa Grossa. Aquí presentamos el listado de especies de invertebrados no registradas, hasta el momento, en el archipiélago, resultados obtenidos mediante una combinación de capturas con trampas de caída, avistamientos y recolecciones aleatorias realizadas tanto en Illa Grossa como en otros tres islotes de este archipiélago. Mediante el primer método se recolectaron un total de 14.830 especímenes entre 2008-2011. La mayor cantidad de individuos recolectados mediante este método resultaron ser coleópteros tenebriónidos. Los otros dos métodos proporcionaron 514 registros para el período 2004-2013. En total, se han identificado 45 nuevos taxones correspondientes a 40 géneros y 16 familias. La mayoría de las nuevas especies encontradas no fueron frecuentes a lo largo del período de muestreo. Entre ellas, figuran especies típicas de hábitats antrópicos (p.e. Cydnus aterrimus o Gryllus bimaculatus). Sorprendentemente, también se localizaron en ocasiones especies con capacidades de dispersión limitadas y no presentes en islas pequeñas (p.e. Cebrio superbus).
Hacia una metodología para la caracterización experimental del comportamiento a compresión de la mampostería de adobe
Authors: Rodríguez-Mariscal J. D. , Solís M.
Published: March 2020

En la Península Ibérica existen numerosas viviendas y elementos patrimoniales construidos con tierra cruda. Por otro lado, actualmente hay una tendencia creciente a revitalizar el empleo de este material en la arquitectura moderna debido a su valor ecológico y arquitectónico. Sin embargo, existe aún una falta de conocimiento científico acerca de su comportamiento mecánico, así como una falta de especificaciones para realizar una caracterización rigurosa. En este artículo se realiza un análisis experimental en aras de desarrollar una metodología para la caracterización de la mampostería de ladrillos de adobe como material estructural. Se plantean cuestiones metodológicas relativas a la obtención de las deformaciones de los especímenes y se analizan las propiedades mecánicas de la mampostería de adobe y los mecanismos de fallo. La presente investigación estudia concretamente el comportamiento mecánico de mampostería de adobe fabricada con tierra proveniente de la rivera del Guadalquivir en Sevilla (España) a compresión simple.
Indicadores Operacionales del Performance y Análisis de Causalidad para Edificios No Residenciales
Authors: Bortolini R. , Forcada N.
Published: March 2020

Durante la operación y el mantenimiento de los activos su performance puede disminuir. Si bien se han desarrollado una serie de herramientas y métodos para facilitar el proceso de evaluación del performance de los edificios, su complejidad y la falta de análisis de causalidad los hacen imprácticos. Este artículo pretende comprender las áreas de performance más relevantes para edificios no residenciales en general, y determinar los Key Performance Indicators (KPI) y su relación. Este estudio se basa en una revisión de la literatura, un focus group y una encuesta. Los resultados revelaron que los indicadores básicos utilizados para evaluar el performance de los edificios están relacionados con la seguridad y el correcto funcionamiento de los activos, la salud y confort, la funcionalidad de los espacios y la eficiencia energética. Los resultados también identificaron las relaciones entre los KPI y los factores externos para desarrollar un modelo causal para evaluar el performance de los edificios.
Student Perspectives on the Learning Resources in an Active, Blended, and Collaborative (ABC) Pedagogical Environment
Authors: Kandakatla Rohit , Berger Edward J , Rhoads Jeffrey F. , DeBoer Jennifer
Published: March 2020

Digital technologies have become central to higher education teaching and learning practices. This paper presents the results of a qualitative study of students’ experiences within a resource-rich and digitally-driven pedagogical system in a second year engineering dynamics course. Course instructors created an Active, Blended, and Collaborative (ABC) learning environment providing students with multiple learning resources. The resources included a hybrid Lecturebook (a combination of textbook and workbook), an online discussion forum, a large repository of online videos, and a tutorial room staffed by teaching assistants. A thematic analysis of semi-structured interview transcripts characterized how students perceived the utility of the available resources, especially given the complex integration of pedagogies and resources available in person and across the technology platform. The findings revealed that students valued the blended structure because it provided them with both immediate and asynchronous access to the learning resources. Students used the resources to help them solve homework problems, study for exams, and improve their conceptual understanding in the course. The students reported engaging with their peers to receive feedback constantly throughout out the course. The results highlight how the learning resources were aligned with each other and in-class pedagogies, and they worked in tandem to support students’ academic success. The results from this paper contribute to the literature on student perceptions of technology-mediated learning environments in core engineering courses.
The Effect Of Gamified Student Response System On Students’ Perception and Achievement
Authors: Rahmahani Dentina , Suyoto Suyoto , Pranowo Pranowo
Published: March 2020

Rapid advances in technology affect many areas of our lives, one of which is education. In the local Indonesian context, teachers and schools sometimes still see technology as a threat to the teaching and learning process. Many schools forbid their students to bring their devices to school. Some modern schools are trying to embrace technology by allowing students to carry and use their tools at school and provide free WiFi at school. However, it does not mean that teachers are ready to adapt and use technology in their classrooms. To get the benefits of information technology advances in teaching and learning process at schools; we need to find a technology that is easy for the teacher to use and fun for the students to learn it. Kahoot is a form of technology in the Student Response System (SRS) with a gamification approach that can increase student involvement in the class-room. This study aims to look at the students' perceptions of Kahoot and see the effect on non-cognitive aspects, namely Likeness and Interesting, and cognitive aspects, namely Achievement. As many as 153 students were involved in this study consisting of 127 students in the experimental class and 26 students in the control class. We implemented Kahoot in chemistry lessons for three months in the experimental class then surveyed to see their perceptions. We also compare the academic score of chemistry lesson from both classes before and after the implementation. The results show that Kahoot has a positive effect on student perceptions and non-cognitive aspects, but the application of Kahoot has no direct impact on the cognitive elements observed, namely Achievement.
MOOCs Lack Interactivity and Collaborativeness: Evaluating MOOC Platforms
Authors: Gamage Dilrukshi , Perera Indika , Fernando Shantha
Published: March 2020

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have considered to be a potential to disseminate engineering education at scale. However, the pedagogical requirement demanded engineering student to equip with specific skillsets such as communication, interactivity, and collaboration. Yet, MOOCs are skeptical of facilitating those skills. Generally, MOOCs evaluated against accessibility and usability. These evaluations may not perceive whether the platform designs in MOOCs support to much-needed interactions and collaboration required in engineering education. We evaluated 6 MOOC platform designs under the lens of collaboration and types of interactions which occur as learner to learner, learner to instructor, learner to platform and learner to content. Evaluation criteria were derived us-ing previous frameworks and evaluations were conducted using 10 participants. Based on each criterion a matrix was formed with a weight to compare results. We found overall collaboration opportunities in platforms are significantly less than the opportunities to interact. Based on the findings we provide 5 design recommendations and provide a future direction for MOOC platform designs which en-ables facilitation to engineering education through MOOCs.
Three Channel Wavelet Filter Banks With Minimal Time Frequency Spread for Classification of Seizure-Free and Seizure EEG Signals
Authors: Bhati Dinesh , Raikwar Akruti , Pachori Ram Bilas , Gadre Vikram M.
Published: March 2020

The authors compute the classification accuracy of minimal time-frequency spread wavelet filter bank with three channels in discriminating seizure-free and seizure electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Wavelet filter bank with three channels generates two wavelet functions and one scaling function at the first level of wavelet decomposition. A time-frequency localized filter bank can be generated by minimizing the time spread and frequency spread of any one or all the functions simultaneously. The minimal time-frequency spread wavelet filter bank with three channels of regularity order, one designed with several different time-frequency optimality criteria and length six, are chosen, and the effect of each optimality criterion on the discrimination of seizure-free and seizure EEG signals is computed. The classification accuracy for five different optimality criteria are computed. Time-frequency localized three-band filter bank of length six classifies, the seizure-free and seizure EEG signals of Bonn University EEG database, with 98.25% of accuracy.
Recent Studies and Research on Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Singh Bikesh Kumar , Thakkar Hardik
Published: March 2020

Machine learning techniques have been successfully applied in various domains of healthcare such as medical imaging, bio-signal processing, pathological data analysis, etc. This chapter discusses the recent studies on sickle cell disease (SCD) based on risk stratification system, predicting the severity of disease, prediction of dosage requirement, prediction of clinical complications of the disease, etc. The blood attributes of SCD patients, which are obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) test or complete blood count (CBC) test have been used by many researchers for improving clinical outcomes and therapeutic intervention in SCD. Statistical significance analysis has been reported to determine the correlation and association of pathological attributes with clinical symptoms. Machine learning techniques have been employed for risk stratification and dosage prediction. This chapter summarizes these techniques and suggests research gaps and future challenges.
Computational Approach for Personality Detection on Attributes
Authors: Rastogi Rohit , Chaturvedi Devendra Kumar , Gupta Mayank
Published: March 2020

Psychologists seek to measure personality to analyze the human behavior through a number of methods, which are self-enhancing (humor use to enhance self), affiliative (humor use to enhance the relationship with other), aggressive (humor use to enhance the self at the expense of others), self-defeating (the humor use to enhance relationships at the expense of self). The purpose of this chapter is to enlighten the use of personality detection test in academics, job placement, group-interaction, and self-reflection. This chapter provides the use of multimedia and IoT to detect the personality and to analyze the different human behaviors. It also includes the concept of big data for the storage and processing the data that will be generated while analyzing the personality through IoT. Linear regression and multiple linear regression are proved to be the best, so they can be used to implement the prediction of personality of individuals. Decision tree regression model has achieved minimum accuracy in comparison to others.
Innovation as a Mediator Between Knowledge Management and Organisational Performance
Authors: Turulja Lejla , Bajgoric Nijaz
Published: March 2020

This chapter provides important empirical evidence to support the role of individual knowledge management processes and separate innovation types within firms. Specifically, knowledge acquisition and knowledge application are analyzed and empirically tested in relation to product and process innovation as well as business performance. The results support the direct impact of product and process innovation on business performance. In addition, the results show the indirect effect of knowledge acquisition and knowledge application on firm business performance through product and process innovation.
Time-Bounded Decision Making
Authors: Intezari Ali , Pauleen David J.
Published: March 2020

How to manage uncertain and unpredictable situations has been a major challenge facing managers and academics for decades. The development of practice and theory in knowledge management has been one important response. This chapter, however, argues that knowledge and knowledge management may not be sufficient when dealing with emergent and unforeseen situations as knowledge tends to be past-oriented in terms of its formative components, while emergent situations are future-oriented, which may or may not be rooted in the past. Therefore, authors explore this past-present-future conundrum by explaining how mere reliance on the past may restrict organizations' ability to deal with emergent situations in the future. Finally, the role of innovation and wisdom will be introduced as a bridge connecting current past-oriented knowledge to unknown and unpredictable future-oriented events.
The Influence of CSR on B2B Relationships
Authors: Saurage-Altenloh Susan , Randall Phillip M.
Published: March 2020

The chapter addresses how ethical actions deliver value through sustainable competitive advantage. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has a proven role in developing audience trust that increases brand equity among target audiences, thus ensuring that the brand sustains its competitive advantage through improved profitability, increased social trust, and favorable reputation in the market. Not only do businesses have a social responsibility to the markets from which they earn revenues, but buyers expect ethical businesses to have an established CSR program in place. Socially fluent, publicly held firms that share their ESG (environmental impact, social impact, and governance) ratings with stakeholders enjoy the reputational benefits of increased trust and confidence regarding corporate ethical behavior. Businesses that engage in CSR activities within the process of corporate brand management experience stronger reputation that drives loyalty and sales, resulting in a competitive, sustainable market advantage.
Basic Electromagnetic Theory
Authors: Goh Magdalene Wan Ching
Published: March 2020

Electromagnetic theory covers the basic principles of electromagnetism. This chapter explores relationships between electric and magnetic fields. The chapter describes the behaviour of electromagnetic wave. The four sets of Maxwell's equations which underpin the principles of electromagnetism are briefly explained. An illustration on wave polarization and propagation is presented. The author describes the classification of waves according to their wavelengths (i.e. the electromagnetic spectrum).
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
Authors: Goh Magdalene Wan Ching
Published: March 2020

Electromagnetic wave propagation is an invisible phenomenon that cannot be detected by the human senses. To understand wave propagation, one must first learn what wave propagation is and the basic principles that affect wave propagation. This chapter introduces the atmospheric windows which allow electromagnetic radiation from bands to penetrate Earth. Helmholtz equations, i.e. the equations which govern wave propagation, and the properties of waves (such as propagation constant and characteristic impedance) are then briefly explained. When waves encounter different media during its propagation, they may be reflected, refracted, or diffracted. These phenomena are also covered. The last part of this chapter concisely explains the terminologies commonly used to describe electromagnetic radiation.
Horn Antenna
Authors: Kobayashi Hirokazu
Published: March 2020

One of the simple and most widely used microwave antennas is the horn as a feed element for large radio telescopes, satellite tracking, and communication reflector, which are found installed throughout the world. In addition to its utility as a feed for reflectors and lenses, it is a common element of phased arrays and serves as a universal standard for calibration and gain measurement of other high gain antennas. Its widespread applicability stems from its simplicity in construction, ease of excitation, large gain, wide-band characteristics, and preferred overall performance. An electromagnetic horn can take many different forms, such as basic pyramidal, conical, corrugated, double-ridged, and dual polarized horns, as well as horns with lens and so on. The horn is nothing more than a hollow pipe of different cross-sections, which has been tapered to a larger opening aperture. This chapter explains the fundamentals of the pyramidal horn antenna in detail using aperture field method. Numerical and measured examples, are also shown.