bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planning the required nursing personnel to respond to care needs
Authors: Gaviria Noreña Dora Lucia
Published: April 2023

An approach is undertaken of the concepts and methodologies concerning the planning of the nursing personnel required to respond to the care needs of individuals, families, and groups. Planning is evermore founded on the nature of caring for human beings within the context of life, which endows the existence of the person-patient with sense and significance, as well as the nursing personnel, according to the culture and the social setting in which it is developed. Knowing what and how much personnel is required to offer caregiving has been marked by the calculation of coefficients and time averages to execute activities, the description of the work load that includes studying times and movements, analysis of supply and demand of human resource, mediated by the profession’s regulations in each country and by inquiry within the context of caregiving. However, consensus has not been reached with respect to this process, but it is concluded that it is a policy action that requires regulation, investigation, and group work by nursing to make caregiving visible and legitimate as a public service that maintains life and health and which also favors and mitigates processes of disease and death faced by human beings.
Possibilities for conciliating work with family needs
Authors: Cardoso Leticia Silveira , Cezar-Vaz Marta Regina , Silva Mara Regina Santos da
Published: April 2023

Objective. To identify the possibilities for conciliating work with family life.

Methodology. Quantitative, descriptive study undertaken in 2008. Data was collected through structured interviews with 92 couples residing in a municipality in Rio Grande/RS who complied with the inclusion criteria: insertion of both members in the job market, having at least one child under seven years of age, and signing the terms of free and informed consent.

Results. The possibility of working part-time for family reasons presented a difference between mothers and fathers; for the former it is a possible alternative, and for the latter, not. Flexibility in carrying out the daily hourly workload without having requested permission to the employer much time in advance was viable for both, when the reason was related to the health of their children. The couples indicated that employers did not take into account priorities for families with children to be free on holidays and have days available to see to the children’s needs. Resignations, communicated not much in advance due to child health reasons, are possible for the mothers and fathers.

Conclusion. There are difficulties in the support which employing institutions provide to the workers who have family needs, in particular those related to attention and care for their children.
Characteristics of users of the Birth Control program.
Authors: Lalinde Ángel María Isabel , Molina M Gloria , Olarte L Martha Lucia
Published: April 2023

Objective. This study sought to characterize the use of Birth Control methods by women users of Healthcare Service Provider Institutions in Colombia, who were included in the National Health Survey -2007 NHS.

Methodology. Ours was a descriptive study, which performed secondary analysis of the data from a subsample of 2033 women from the outpatient service of the Birth Control (BC) program in the Healthcare Service Provider Institutions (IPS, for the term in Spanish) included in the 2007 National Health Survey (NHS).

Results. The BC contraception methods most used by the women surveyed were: hormonal (60%), barrier (22%), and female sterilization (11%). A direct relationship was observed between educational level and the autonomy to select the BC method. A total of 11% of the users did not receive information on all the BC methods from their treating physician. Some 98% of the women surveyed manifested having understood the information provided on the use of the BC method selected. Nine of every 10 women exercised autonomy upon selecting a BC method.

Conclusion. The hormonal methods of Birth Control were the most used by the women surveyed. The participants showed high autonomy to choose the BC method.
Wireless devices in nursing education
Authors: Sánchez García Ana Belén , López Montesinos Maria José , Fernández Alemán José Luis
Published: April 2023

Objective. This article sought to explore the adoption of wireless devices in university nursing teaching and address their repercussion on future professionals.

Methodology. This is a bibliographical study conducted in 2011, which analyzed international publications on the use, review, application, opinion, and experimentation of wireless devices in university nursing teaching of wireless technology in nursing teaching. The following databases were used: Medline and Science@Direct.

Results. A total of 503 articles were extracted and 77 were selected, of which 40 investigated the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), 13 the clicker (Student Response Wireless System), and six the smart phone. The use of mobile devices has experienced strong growth during the last five years, especially PDAs.

Conclusion. Use of mobile devices in university nursing teaching has grown in recent years, especially PDAs.
The family member accompanying adult patients in the hospital context.
Authors: Espirito Santo Fatima Helena , Aquino Alessandra Cristina Oliveira , Chibante Carla Lube , Santos Thayane Dias
Published: April 2023

Objective. To identify the actions of family members who accompany adult hospitalized patients and to describe the nursing team’s role regarding that person.

Methodology. In this qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research, a questionnaire was applied to 30 nursing team members at a teaching hospital located in the State of Rio de Janeiro, using open questions. To interpret the answers, thematic analysis was applied to categorize the identified qualitative variables.

Results. Eighty-nine percent of the participants were female. When analyzing the information contained in the answers to the questionnaire, two types of actions were found: the actions the companion can perform for his/her relative and the actions the nursing team needs to perform. In each action, the following categories were verified: affective dimension, practical dimension, moral dimension and inclusion of the family in care. According to the nursing team, the companion plays a very important role in emotional support and help with the patient’s basic hygiene, although this care should be offered under nursing orientation.

Conclusion. Family companions and nursing team members work together to improve the quality of patient care, with positive reflections for their integration in hospital care, which will enhance its continuity in the home-care context.
Relevance and level of application of the management competencies in nursing
Authors: Ángel Jiménez Gloria María , Lopera Arrubla Claudia Patricia
Published: April 2023

Objective. The study sought to identify the relevance and level of application of the main management competencies in nursing.

Methodology. Study contains qualitative and quantitative components with a descriptive approach. We took as categories of the study the relevance and application of management competencies and curricular strategies for their formation. A survey was applied to a convenience sampling of 140 individuals from the nursing faculties involved and from different levels of healthcare in the city of Medellín and its Metropolitan Area; lastly, a semi-structured interview was made of six experts from the university educational sector in Medellín.

Results. The most relevant generic competencies were: leadership (81.4%), team work (75.0%), effective communication (55.7%); while the specific competencies highlighted quality management of personnel and care. Innovation and creativity competencies (19.3%), strategic thought (17.1%), and adaptability or flexibility (10.0%) obtained lower frequencies. The level of application of specific competencies, according to components of strategic management, programs and projects, quality, human talent, and caretaking of individuals was above 90%.

Conclusion. The management competencies identified were relevant and of high applicability for the people consulted. The complexity paradigm as central axis may contribute to their formation.
Students’ participation in the development of the pedagogical project.
Authors: Freitas e Silva Maia Natália Maria , Teixeira Nunes Benevina Maria Vilar , Batista Moura Maria Eliete
Published: April 2023

Objective. To describe and analyze the participation of students in the development of the pedagogical project (PP) in a Nursing program.

Methodology. Exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach, undertaken in the nursing program of a public higher education institution located in Piaui (Brazil). Interviews were carried out with twenty-two students from the 4th academic period onwards. Data collection took place in December 2009. The analysis of textual data was performed using the software Alceste 4.7, which was discussed based on the concepts of commitment, awareness, culture, dialogue and Paulo Freire’s problematization pedagogy.

Results. The analysis revealed three classes: Students’ knowledge about the PP, collective participation in the development of the PP and progress of students’ participation in the development of the PP.

Conclusion. The results show that students are participants in the development of the PP.
Management of resources in nursing: beyond leadership
Authors: Cano-Serna Delby Antonio , Correa Bolívar Natalia Andrea , Flórez Rendón Weimar Alexander , Giraldo Giraldo Yaison Dorney , Monsalve Cuervo Mónica Katerín , Restrepo Otálvaro Andrés Felipe
Published: April 2023

This article reflects upon the reach of the contribution from nursing in the management and development of public policies for adequate assignment of resources that facilitate better healthcare in the Colombian population.
Exclusive breastfeeding: motivations and disincentives for nursing mothers in Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Machado Schardosim Juliana , Rauber Cechim Petronila Libana
Published: April 2023

Objective. Describing the motivations and disincentives that influence adherence to exclusive breastfeeding until children's six months of life in the town of Eldorado do Sul (Brazil).

 Methodology. A descriptive qualitative exploratory study. Between October and December/2009 it were interviewed 25 mothers of children aged from six to 18 months.

 Results. Three categories emerged from motivations - relationship of human milk with health and child nutrition, practicality and economy, and enjoyment and promotion of mother-infant bond; and three from disincentives - sudden decrease of milk with no apparent cause, working outside the home, and nipple trauma. 

Conclusion. The decision of exclusive breastfeeding until the child's six months of life involves a group of factors that the mother has to face during lactation
Knowledge of nursing undergraduate students about the use of contact precautions measures
Authors: Salvador dos Santos Julielen , Corrêa Ione , Henrique Salgado Manoel
Published: April 2023

Objective. To assess knowledge of nursing undergraduate students about the use of contact precautions.

 Methodology. There were 106 nursing undergraduate students from three universities within the state of Sao Paulo. The data collection was done between April and May 2012. A questionnaire was elaborated with questions assessing knowledge regarding contact precautions. The data were submitted to statistical procedures in the package MINITAB version 16. The knowledge were rated as adequate, partially adequate and inadequate. 

Results. There was a predominance of females (86%) and age group between 20 and 29 years (70%). Regarding the definition of contact precaution of diseases in which these measures are used, undergraduate's knowledge was partially adequate (92% and 44%, respectively). The knowledge was considered adequate for the preventive measures used during assistance (86%). As difficulties mentioned in the use of these measures were discomfort, lack of material, personnel and time. 

Conclusion. Although undergraduate students know what measures to be used in contact precaution, they do not have adequate knowledge about which diseases they should use them. The three participating universities should reflect on the quality of training for nursing students regarding biosecurity and contact precautions.
Reorganization of elderly care in a primary health care service through the Altadir method of popular planning
Authors: Mantelo Cecilio Hellen Pollyanna , De Araújo Lopes Simone , Antoniassi Baldissera Vanessa Denardi , Carreira Lígia
Published: April 2023

This paper's objective was to describe the experience of students and professors in selecting problems and developing strategies to solve these problems using the Altadir method of popular planning during the undergraduate nursing program at the State University of Maringá, Paraná (Brazil). The problem selected was care provided to elderly patients in a primary health care service. This paper provides a reflection on the use of the Altadir method to improve the quality of care delivered to this population.
The Formation of Metrics of Innovative Potential and Prospects for the Task of Technological Forecasting
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, 400005, Russian Federation, Korobkin D. M. , Fomenkov S. A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, 400005, Russian Federation, Zlobin A. R. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, 400005, Russian Federation, Vereshchak G. A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, 400005, Russian Federation
Published: April 2023

n today's rapidly developing technological world, new ideas, inventions and developments appear daily. At the same time, individual technologies may have common features, through the use of similar methods, modification and expansion of existing technologies, or solving a common problem for which developments are being created. Patenting is often used to preserve these ideas and protect intellectual property. During the development of the program for the analysis of the patent array to obtain criteria assessments of innovation potential and prospects, enshrined in patent high—tech technical systems and technologies, the subject area — patent array was investigated, methods for analyzing texts in natural language and various options for determining the criteria of innovation potential were considered. As a result, algorithms were developed to obtain the following criteria for assessing the innovative potential of a patent: the mass nature of the subject of this technology for the current year and the estimated frequency of occurrence for the next, the economic characteristics of the patent holder's company, the potential citation of the patent. These criteria are determined based on the analysis of texts and patent data by means of clustering, classification, regression analysis, normalization of the name of the patent holder. The developed algorithms have been tested on patents issued by the US Patent and Trademark Office, as well as on Google Patents.
Exploring Racial Microaggressions Toward Chinese Immigrant Women in Greater Boston During Covid
Authors: Kwan Wong Kelly Wing
Published: April 2023

This study was an initial qualitative exploration to (a) capture varied experiences of racial microaggressions directed at Chinese immigrant women before and during Covid and (b) investigate different forms and levels of microaggressions based on socioeconomic status, age, and other characteristics. Racial microaggressions were examined by interviewing 12 foreign‐born, Chinese immigrant women aged 23 to 80 years old, with most of the participants identified as middle class or above. Building upon previous scholarship on racial and gendered microaggressions, an analytical framework was developed using 12 major themes to identify and interpret discriminatory behaviors. Our main findings suggest that the research sample encountered more blatant hate incidents and expressed heightened concern over their physical safety in the post‐Covid period. Young women, compared to their older counterparts, were more inclined to report microaggression episodes and distinguish more subtle forms of discrimination. These findings could serve as preliminary evidence for future research.
Post‐Migration Stress: Racial Microaggressions and Everyday Discrimination
Authors: Quassoli Fabio , Colombo Monica
Published: April 2023

In 1991, Philomena Essed highlighted the importance of studying contemporary racism, focusing on the interplay between the macro‐social dimension and its constant reactivation in everyday interactions. Later, psychologists redefined the pervasive experience of racism in everyday encounters in terms of racial microaggressions. Migrants and asylum seekers today constitute “ideal” candidates for this kind of experience. This is due to the persistent historical processes that harken back to Western colonialism and imperialism, as well as the growing hostility towards people migrating from the Global South. This hostility has been brewing for several decades in Western countries, and it manifests in both everyday informal interactions and institutional contexts, where migrants and asylum seekers constantly face racist attitudes.
For a Cooperative “Smart” City Yet to Come: Place-Based Knowledge, Commons, and Prospects for Inclusive Municipal Processes From Seattle, Washington
Authors: Anderson Christian , Jung Jin-Kyu
Published: April 2023

This article explores possibilities for cooperative, equitable, and participatory forms of smart urbanism. We begin by outlining orientations that emphasize the heterogeneity of economic and urban life and center the capacities and priorities of constituencies that currently are often not well served by urban planning and information-gathering processes. We then further iterate these sensibilities in relation to two examples from community organizing in Seattle, Washington, sketching out a broad sense of how community’s and resident’s place-based knowledge, experiences, and forms of expertise might be understood as resources that could be integral to processes of urban planning, organization, and potential structural transformation. Finally, we connect these possibilities to ongoing debates and experiments with “commons” and “commoning”—both conceptually and in actually existing urban experiments—to show how serious engagements with place-based knowledge and capacities understood as commons might be made central within “smart” processes that are radically democratic, inclusive, open-ended, and potentially transformative in ways that are distinctive from more top-down models that often merely manage and reproduce status quo urbanisms. Ultimately, the article suggests possibilities for alternative “smart” urbanist orientations, sensibilities, and techno-political applications to emerge in and through open-ended participatory processes grounded in community and place-based resources and priorities.
To the 100th anniversary of the academician Anatoliy Andreevich Vorobyov (05.02.1923–23.03.2006)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: April 2023

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Academic and career motivation of future engineers through foreign language teaching and learning
Authors: Perchatkina Veronika G. , Ziyatdinova Julia N.
Published: April 2023

The paper discusses the issues of academic and career motivation of engineering university students. This motivation deals with the development of cognitive motives and interest in the future profession. Although there are many publications focusing on this topic, most of them consider academic and career motivation of students in relation to the future profession through professional courses, practice in the workplace, or project-based learning. Only few publications consider humanities as the tool to develop this motivation. This paper aims at analyzing academic and career motivation of engineering students through foreign language teaching and learning based on literature review and a poll of the faculty members. The results show that academic and career motivation of engineering students througha foreign language integrates language specific and profession specific issues, as the foreign language course implies the development of intercultural and professional competencies to train students for their future professional communication. The authors define the following prerequisites necessary to enhance the students motivation including problem-based teaching and learning combined with active methods in class as well as specific teaching and learning materials related to the future engineering profession. The authors conclude that the process and results of academic and career motivation influence social and professional self-directed development of students, a foreign language course is a good tool, and further research into topic is relevant.
The influence of the study of philosophy on the quality of professional training of cadets
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine ", Voloshina N. ,   Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute",   , Kyiv, Ukraine, Hanhal А. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The article analyzes different approaches of domestic and foreign authors to modern processes of humanitarianization of higher education and the role of philosophy in the training of specialists in the non-humanitarian sphere. A short excursion into the history of scientific views on the worldview content of philosophy and its role in the formation of a person's worldview is made. It has been proven that it is philosophy that provides a person with self-knowledge, and human life with worldview orientations. It is rightly believed that true philosophy is the spiritual quintessence of the age, the living soul of science. It is substantiated that the task of holistic understanding from philosophical positions of both natural and social reality through the opposition of man and the world remains the most important even today, especially in connection with radical changes in all spheres of modern life and the need to clarify these changes. Attention is drawn to a specific pragmatic task - to arm the future specialist with general ideas about the problems and methods of philosophy, to teach him to find an answer for himself to the question: "How does this theoretical position relate to the realities of my future military service?". The possibilities of philosophy with the help of a system of universal principles, laws and categories about the relationship, development and knowledge of nature, thinking and society to understand the nature, essence and meaning of modern hybrid war are revealed. The role of philosophical categories as a kind of general scientific equivalent in understanding the complex interweaving of concepts and categories of different sciences, establishing the degree of similarity and difference between the concepts used in military science and the concepts of other sciences is determined.
The predictors of severe course of multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children: results of a retrospective-prospective multicenter study
Authors: Avrusin Ilia S. , Abramova Natalia N. , Belozerov Konstantin E. , Efremova Olesya S. , Bregel Lyudmila V. , Kondratiev Gleb V. , Dondurey Elena A. , Vilnitz Alla A. , Konstantinova Yulia E. , Burtseva Tatiana E. , Vinnikova Ekaterina I. , Isupova Evgeniya A. , Kornishina Tatiana L. , Masalova Vera V. , Redkina Maria V. , Solodkova Irina V. , Kalashnikova Olga V. , Chasnyk Vyacheslav G. , Alexandrovich Yuri S. , Kostik Mikhail M.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children (MIS-C) is a rare but severe disease in which various organs and systems are affected, including heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes and organs of the gastrointestinal tract. MIS-C is rather difficult to diagnose, since it has much in common with the infectious process, and Kawasaki disease. However, MIS-C course is more severe and therefore patients need hospitalization in the intensive care unit in half of the cases.

AIM:To determine the factors associated with severe course of MIS-C, requiring hospitalization of patients in the intensive care unit.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:The retrospective study included 166 patients (99 boys, 67 girls), aged 4 months to 17 years (median 8.2 years), with a diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children. To conduct a comparative analysis, patients with MIS-C were divided into two groups: group 1 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (n= 84, 50.6%), and group 2 patients who did not need hospitalization in the intensive care unit (n= 82, 49.4%).

RESULTS:Patients with a more severe course of MIS-C were significantly older. They had a higher frequency of signs such as rash, swelling, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, neurological and respiratory symptoms. Hypotension/shock and myocardial involvement were much more common in patients with severe MIS-C. These patients had a more significant increase in CRP, creatinine, troponin and D-dimer levels. Also, in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit, signs of hemophagocytic syndrome were more often observed.

CONCLUSIONS:The main factors determining the severity of MIS-C are damage to the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, the presence of respiratory and hemodynamic disorders, especially hemophagocytosis.
What is the current status of the covid pandemic? What can/should we do at this point?
Authors: Rennebohm Robert M.
Published: April 2023

As a direct result of the mass vaccination campaign against COVID (in all age groups), humanity is likely to face a threatening situation that could potentially become catastrophic. The mass vaccination campaign has caused multiple increasingly contagious dominant variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

The reason is the phenomenon of immune escape, neutralizing antibodies induced by the vaccine quickly cease their function, and vaccine non-neutralizing antibodies can make the virus more contagious a form of antibody-mediated or antibody dependent amplification of the infection.

Thus, anti-COVID vaccines do not teach the innate immune system to fight the virus, but instead non-neutralizing vaccine antibodies neutralize the innate immune system of those who are vaccinated. Vaccines against COVID do not contribute to the formation of collective immunity, but, on the contrary, make the virus more contagious. The mass vaccination campaign predisposes to depletion of immunity in vaccinated people. Vaccinated people (of all ages) are currently repeatedly re-infected with SARS-CoV-2. The depletion of immunity decreases a vaccinated persons ability to cope not only with SARS-CoV-2 but with other infections, including EBV, CMV, herpes virus and even tuberculosis. To solve the problem, it is necessary to put an end to simplistic and incorrect directives, to create conditions for a constructive dialogue between scientists and doctors who were responsible for the prevailing narrative about COVID and the policy of combating it, and those scientists and doctors who challenged the prevailing narrative and its policies. We must also encourage such dialogue among citizens dialogue and demystifying education that will improve understanding of the COVID situation, create consensus, and unite people in positive, constructive efforts to save lives and end this pandemic.
Features of the Application of Certain Other Measures of Procedural Coercion against a Minor
Authors: Savitskaya Irina G.
Published: April 2023

In the system of Russian legislation, the issue of the application of measures of criminal procedural coercion to participants in criminal proceedings has been extremely relevant and debatable for many decades. Most measures of procedural coercion can be applied not only to adults but also to minors since they are often involved as various participants in criminal proceedings the same time, the issues of electing and applying to minors in particular other measures of procedural coercion, unlike adult participants in the process, are poorly worked out in the legislation, have shortcomings, and therefore require further study and improvement. The article discusses some issues of applying other measures of procedural coercion to minor participants in court proceedings, such as the obligation to appear, drive, and seizure of property. The author analyzes the features of such an application and also gives examples from investigative and judicial practice.
Low-frequency Lg from NTS and Kazakh nuclear explosions—observations and interpretation
Authors: Gupta I. N. , Zhang T. R. , Wagner R. A.
Published: April 2023

The generation of Lg from underground nuclear explosions is still not fully understood. Near-source scattering of explosion-generated Rg into S appears to be responsible for the low-frequency Lg from nuclear explosions at both Nevada test site (NTS) and Kazakh test site (KTS) (Gupta et al., 1991a, 1992). This mechanism has recently been supported by the analysis of regional data from several Yucca Flats, NTS explosions by Patton and Taylor (1995), who further indicate that the prominent low-frequency spectral null in Lg is due to Rg from a compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) source. In this study, the dependence of spectral nulls on shot depths and other source parameters is first investigated by analyzing Lg from a large number of Yucca Flats (NTS) explosions, with known ground truth, recorded at several broadband stations. Analysis of low-frequency Lg from nuclear explosions at KTS also indicates spectral nulls that are in most cases distinct and identifiable, although generally not as strong as for the NTS shots. Methods of analysis include narrow bandpass filtering, spectral ratios, network averaging, and comparison with synthetic seismograms. Most Lg spectra indicate prominent nulls showing strong dependence on shot depth, and the network-averaged spectral nulls are in remarkably good agreement with those expected from Rg due to a CLVD source at about one-third the shot depth. By providing an improved understanding of Lg from explosions and its usefulness for obtaining source information, these results make an important contribution to regional discrimination and seismic-monitoring capabilities.
Assessment of earthquake location accuracy and confidence region estimates using known nuclear tests
Authors: Lienert Barry R.
Published: April 2023

I have used the known epicenters and depths of 307 nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and 75 tests at the East Kazakhstan Test Site to compare the distances between actual and calculated hypocenters (mislocations) with calculated location confidence limits (errors). Each test was located using its ISC-compiled P first arrivals, a starting depth of 33 km and the IASP91 velocity model. I also applied azimuth and incident angle-dependent station corrections to the arrival times. The most accurately located tests are those at the Kazakhstan Test Site, where all of the mislocations in latitude and longitude are less than ±10 km and 90% of the depth mislocations are less than 20 km. Bayesian confidence limits calculated from the least-squares covariance matrix satisfactorily account for these mislocations. At the Nevada Test Site, 90% of the mislocations are less than ±9 km in longitude, ±15 km in latitude, and 33 km in depth. The overestimates in depth are compensated for by origin times that are 2 to 5 sec late. The larger mislocations at NTS occur in spite of the fact that the closest recording sites are less than 200 km away, compared to 1800 km away at the Kazakhstan Test Site. A significant fraction of the depth mislocations at NTS are much larger than their calculated errors. I interpret this failure of the calculated errors to adequately account for the NTS mislocations as being due to systematically late arrivals at northwestern American stations relative to the predicted IASP91 values. By using a locally determined three-layer velocity model for the travel times of phases recorded at distances of less than 1500 km, I was able to reduce 90% of the depth mislocations to less than 11 km as well as significantly reducing the latitude, longitude, and origin time mislocations. I conclude that differences between the IASP91 model and velocities in the vicinity of the explosions may introduce a significant bias into the determined depths of nuclear tests. A similar bias would therefore be expected in the similarly determined depths of shallow earthquakes.
Effects of a low-velocity zone on a dynamic rupture
Authors: Harris Ruth A. , Day Steven M.
Published: April 2023

Dynamic-crack earthquake simulations generally assume that the crustal material surrounding faults is laterally homogeneous. Tomographic and near-fault seismic studies indicate that the crust near faults is instead comprised of rocks of varying material velocities. We have tested the effects of adding material-velocity variation to simulations of spontaneously propagating earthquakes. We used two-dimensional plane strain conditions coupled with a slip-weakening fracture criterion and examined earthquakes on faults that bisect finite-width low-velocity zones embedded in country rock and earthquakes on faults that bound two different-velocity materials. When a fault bisects a low-velocity zone, the normal stress remains unchanged, but both the rupture velocity and slip-velocity pulse shape are perturbed. The presence of the low-velocity zone induces high-frequency oscillations in the slip function near the rupture front. When the fault is on the edge of the low-velocity zone, the oscillations are more pronounced, and repeated sticking and slipping can occur near the rupture front. For the slip-weakening (velocity-independent) friction model, however, the temporary sticking does not lead to permanent arrest of slip, and slip duration is still controlled by the overall rupture dimension. When an earthquake ruptures a fault juxtaposing a lower-velocity material against a higher-velocity material, the normal stress across the fault near the crack tip is perturbed. The sign of the normal stress perturbation depends on the direction of rupture, leading in some cases to a directional dependence of rupture velocity. When slip is accompanied by stress reduction, a positive feedback develops between the normal and shear stress changes, as previously noted by Andrews and Ben-Zion (1997), resulting in an apparently unavoidable grid-size dependence in computation of stress change near the rupture front. Numerical experiments indicate, however, that the rupture velocity is insensitive to this zone size dependence, which is highly localized immediately behind the crack tip. The factors controlling the rupture velocity in the simulations, including directional dependence, are further elucidated by a new analytical solution for rupture of an asperity on a frictionless interface.
Crustal thickness variations in southern California from Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment passive phase teleseismic travel times
Authors: Kohler Monica D. , Davis Paul M.
Published: April 2023

The goal of the 1993 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE93) passive phase was to collect waveform data from local and distant earthquakes to study lower crust and upper mantle structural features in southern California, particularly under the San Gabriel Mountains and San Andreas fault. During LARSE93, approximately 88 stations were deployed in a 175-km-long, linear array across the Los Angeles basin, San Gabriel Mountains, and Mojave Desert northeast of Los Angeles. During the four weeks of continuous recording, teleseismic events recorded at each site provided a wide range of ray path backazimuths. The teleseismic events included a number of intermediate-magnitude earthquakes with epicenters in the Aleutian Island, Kamchatka, Kuril Island, mid-Atlantic Ridge, Solomon Island, Japan, Fiji Island, and Chile regions. This experiment was followed by LARSE94, which involved land refraction and deep-crustal seismic reflection profiles from offshore and onshore explosion sources. We have used the joint data sets in this study to distinguish upper crustal features from adjacent lower crustal and upper mantle structures. P-wave travel times were determined from 17 teleseisms, and upper crustal residual signatures were removed by incorporating LARSE94 upper crustal velocity model results. Within each backazimuth range, the resulting relative traveltime residuals increase from negative values (−0.5-sec average) recorded in the northern San Gabriel Valley-southern San Gabriel Mountain foothills to positive values (0.2-sec average) in the central and northern San Gabriel Mountains. The residual patterns display variations for different backazimuths and incidence angles but show almost no lateral spatial shift of maximum or minimum residual along the array, indicating that the dominant source of the residual pattern is shallow (<50 km). The patterns of residuals require a sharp lateral gradient in shallow velocities between the northern San Gabriel Valley (located in the northernmost Los Angeles basin) and the San Gabriel Mountains over a distance of less than 50 km. Most of the residual pattern can be explained by laterally varying crustal thickness and a high-velocity anomaly in the upper mantle. In our model of Moho depth variations, the northern San Gabriel Valley to the southwest of the array is underlain by thinned continental crust. Crustal thickness increases laterally by 12 km over a distance of less than 50 km into the San Gabriel Mountains. This conclusion is supported by widespread surface evidence for rift-style volcanism and crustal extension in southern California crustal rocks.
The role of attenuation on acoustic emission amplitude distributions and b-values
Authors: Weiss Jérôme
Published: April 2023

An analysis is presented that allows the evaluation of the effect of attenuation on acoustic emission amplitude distributions and b-values obtained during the deformation of geomaterials in laboratory experiments. It is shown that initial amplitude distributions can be strongly affected by attenuation. Therefore, the interpretation of recorded distributions or b-values, in terms of damage, distribution of microcrack sizes, or the comparison of the microseismicity at a small scale with earthquakes dynamics in the Earth's crust has to be taken with caution. The analysis allows one to ascertain, in some cases, whether a b-value calculated from a measured distribution was modified by attenuation. The procedure can be theoretically reversed in order to estimate the original distribution (at the source) from the recorded distribution. However, in practice, lack of precision on attenuation coefficients and source radii makes it difficult to perform.
Proyectos de aprendizaje tutorado
Authors: Ortiz de Santos Rosa , Santamaría-Cárdaba Noelia , Ortega-Quevedo Vanessa
Published: April 2023

El objetivo principal de esta aportación es estudiar la percepción que tiene un grupo estable de trabajo del Grado en Educación Primaria sobre los Proyectos de Aprendizaje Tutorado tras haber realizado una veintena de estos trabajos. La metodología aplicada es cualitativa; se trata de un estudio de casos en el que se emplea la entrevista estructurada y el análisis documental como técnicas de investigación. El análisis se ha realizado mediante un sistema de categorías. Las participantes del estudio son cuatro egresadas del Grado de Educación Primaria que han formado un grupo de trabajo estable en su paso por dicho grado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran cómo la realización de PAT ha contribuido al desarrollo de su capacidad de trabajo en equipo, a la mejora de su redacción y a la adquisición de competencias profesionales. La investigación permite concluir que los PAT tienen un gran valor en la formación inicial docente, tanto en el plano profesional como personal. Estos trabajos suponen, además, las primeras experiencias de los futuros docentes en el contexto escolar.
Acciones y actuaciones hacia una educación de calidad y sostenible
Authors: Gutiérrez-Ujaque Daniel
Published: April 2023

La Pedagogía Crítica (PC) abre las puertas a explorar nuevos enfoques metodológicos en la Educación Superior (ES) mediante la conexión de las realidades sociales y culturales a la formación. Esta investigación presenta una propuesta de docencia universitaria transdisciplinar realizada entre estudiantes de distintos grados universitarios (Educación Social e Ingeniería Industrial) de la Universidad de Lleida (España). El objetivo de la investigación es describir principios metodológicos para la implementación de la PC en ES entre distintos grados. Se desarrolló un estudio de caso siguiendo un método de investigación-acción participativa. Participaron 160 estudiantes: 78 del Grado de Educación Social y 82 del Grado de Ingeniería Industrial. De esta propuesta, surgieron veintisiete proyectos realizados colaborativamente entre estudiantes de ambos grados. Estos fueron analizados mediante la técnica del análisis de contenido a través de un sistema de categorías. Los principales resultados muestran el valor de generar aprendizajes cooperativos y experienciales entre distintos grados dentro de su formación universitaria. Se concluye con cinco principios metodológicos para la implementación de la PC en la ES entre diferentes estudios, comprendiendo la formación universitaria como un espacio posibilitador y transdisciplinario que dé respuestas a las problemáticas sociales reales desde una forma reflexiva, crítica, creativa e inclusiva.
A CFD investigation of flow separation in an elliptical and circular Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube
Authors: BAGRE Nitin , PAREKH Ashok , PATEL Vimal
Published: April 2023

The present work investigates the flow physics inside an elliptical vortex tube. Two different 3D (three-dimensional) domains of circular and elliptical vortex tubes with four nozzles are studied. The cross-sectional area and length of the vortex tube are constant for both of its shape. The pressure at the inlet is 320 kPa for both the shapes and air as a working fluid. Standard k- ε turbulence model is used to predict the flow physics and temperature separation effect inside the tubes. The experimental and numerical findings of earlier researchers provide as validation for the present results. The deviation of the results is found within the permissible limit. The temperature separation phenomenon in an elliptical tube at various cold mass fractions is discussed. The range of cold mass fraction is 0.1 to 0.9. This work also examines the fluid characteristics and flow parameters by tracing the fluid particles within the tube. Fluid characteristics such as static pressure, density, total temperature, static temperature are evaluated. Also, the flow parameters like velocity magnitude, turbulent kinetic energy, axial velocity, and swirl velocity are discussed at the various radial locations inside the tube to get the flow pattern information. It’s an attempt to determine the feasible flow mechanism inside an elliptical vortex tube. The comparison between the circular vortex tube and the elliptical vortex tube has been done based on various fluid characteristics and temperature separation. It is found that energy separation is elevated in an elliptical tube by 49.89% at the hot end tube at 0.2 cold mass fraction whereas it is low for cold temperature separation as compared to the circular vortex.
Simulation and redesigning the methanol production cycle using coil-wound liquefied natural gas heat exchangers
Authors: FARAHBAKHSH Soroush , KESHTKAR1 Mohammad Mehdi
Published: April 2023

The current research uses Aspen Software to find the best way to run the petrochemical methanol complex. This was done by using pinch technology and arranging the heat exchanger network. First, a process flow diagram of the Kaveh industrial plant was used to simulate different plant parts. Then retrofit the plant’s heat exchanger network to minimize capital costs and improve energy efficiency. Plotting the composite curve of the streams, the type, and the quantity of hot and cold utilities came next., and the most economical minimum temperature difference, etc. The best capital cost decreased by around 70%, while the utilities increased by about 50%, and the payback money lasted for 6 months. The methanol cycle was redesigned using coil-wound heat exchangers to improve operational flexibility because of high-temperature streams.The capital costs decreased by around 10%, and utility costs were saved with the liquefied natural gas heat exchangers.
Impact of the V CAP on induced turbulent air flow in a solar chimney: a computational study
Authors: PHU Nguyen Minh , KHA Nguyen Hoang , HAP Nguyen Van
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a 2D numerical simulation of a solar chimney with a top V cap was performed to evaluate the induced air flow degradation. Dimensions including the width of the cap and the cap offset from the top of chimney are specified as key parameters. Meanwhile, height and width of the chimney are fixed. The numerical model was confirmed to be accurate compared to the published data. The results showed that reducing the offset and increasing the width reduces airflow through the chimney. The effect of offset on chimney intake air is significant. When considering the addition of the top V cap, the airflow is reduced by about 20% compared to the chimney without a cap. This is because the cap forms three primary vortices including one vortex below the cap and two ones above the cap. The vortex under the cap in the direction from the absorber plate to the glass cover increases the air flow out of chimney at the side of the glass cover. The region with great turbulent kinetic energy forms at upper side of the cap. The air flow correlation as a function of the heat flux to the absorber plate, cap offset and cap width have been developed with errors of less than 2.5%.
Experimental and numerical analysis of the forced draft wet cooling tower
Authors: LAFTA Noor Samir , KAREEM Fadhil Abdulrazzaq , GHAFUR Maha
Published: April 2023

Cooling towers are essentially large boxes designed to maximize the evaporation of water. The inlet water temperature and water to air mass flow rate ratio (L/G) significantly affect the performance of the cooling tower. The number of a transfer unit (NTU), Merkel number (Me), Lewis number (Le), and efficiency of the cooling tower define the performance of the forced cooling tower. In this research paper, different inlet water temperatures ranging from 28 °C to 42 °C and (L/G) ranging from 0.5, 1, and 1.5 were used to investigate the performance of the forced cooling tower. Mathematical modeling equations were used to calculate NTU, Me, Le, and efficiency at different inlet water temperatures and (L/G). Engineering equation solver (EES) software was used to solve these mathematical modeling equations. Further, an experimental investigation was carried to find forced cooling tower performance at different inlet water temperatures and (L/G), and results were compared with the theoretical results. The results revealed that increasing the inlet water temperature, NTU, Me, Le, and efficiency increased and were directly related to each other. Further, NTU and efficiency were increased by increasing (L/G). At the same time, the Me and Le reduced with (L/G). Finally, an acceptable and better agreement has been obtained between experimental and theoretical results. Based on obtained results, it has been concluded that higher values of inlet water temperature and (L/G) provided the higher performance of the forced cooling tower.