bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm encountered during risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy: A case of laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Konnai Katsuyuki , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Kitagawa Masakazu , Wakabayashi Reina , Onose Ryo , Kato Hisamori
Published: September 2023

Low‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is a rare epithelial malignancy of the appendix. If it perforates the abdominal cavity, it can cause a serious clinical syndrome called pseudomyxoma peritonei. In the present case, we laparoscopically removed a LAMN encountered during risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO). The patient was a 53‐year‐old woman who was diagnosed with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. RRSO was planned, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large cystic tumor in the right lower abdomen. We expected an ovarian cyst; however, it was a primary tumor of the appendix. Partial cecal resection was performed laparoscopically by a surgical oncologist. The pathological diagnosis was LAMN. Gynecologists may encounter this disease incidentally. Mucinous appendiceal neoplasm (MAN) may be encountered during RRSO. If a right lower abdominal mass is found near a normal ovary preoperatively, gynecologists should consider MAN as well as paraovarian cyst.
Influence of implant scan body design (height, diameter, geometry, material, and retention system) on intraoral scanning accuracy: A systematic review
Authors: Gómez‐Polo Miguel , Donmez Mustafa Borga , Çakmak Gülce , Yilmaz Burak , Revilla‐León Marta
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the influence of implant scan body (ISB) design (height, diameter, geometry, material, and retention system) on the accuracy of digital implant scans.

Material and Methods

A literature search was completed in five databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, World of Science, and Cochrane. A manual search was also conducted. Studies reporting the evaluation of ISB design on the accuracy of digital scans obtained by using IOSs were included. Two investigators evaluated the studies independently by applying the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal. A third examiner was consulted to resolve any lack of consensus. Articles were classified based on the ISB features of height, geometry, material, and retention system.

Results

Twenty articles were included. Among the reviewed studies, 11 investigations analyzed the influence of different ISB geometries, 1 study assessed the impact of ISB diameter, 4 studies investigated the effect of ISB splinting, 2 articles evaluated ISB height, and 2 studies focused on the effect of ISB material on scan accuracy. In addition, 8 studies involved ISBs fabricated with different materials (1‐ and 2‐piece polyetheretherketone and 1‐piece titanium ISBs), and all of the reviewed articles tested screw‐retained ISBs, except for 3 in vitro studies.

Conclusions

The findings did not enable concrete conclusions regarding the optimal ISB design, whether there is a relationship between IOS technology and a specific ISB design, or the clinical condition that maximizes intraoral scanning accuracy. Research efforts are needed to identify the optimal ISB design and its possible relationship with the IOS selected for acquiring intraoral digital implant scans.
Lesser vestibular periurethral gland‐like inflammation associated with lower urinary tract signs in a female dog
Authors: Price Matthew , Slead Tanner S. , Secoura Patricia L. , Kendall Allison R. , Vaden Shelly L.
Published: September 2023

Case Description

A 4‐year‐old female spayed mixed breed dog presented with a 2‐year history of painful urination and recurrent hematuria.

Clinical Findings

The dog had a large sensitive bladder, palpation of which was followed by painful urination. Pollakiuria accompanied by vocalization were noted during observation of voiding.

Diagnostics

Cystoscopy identified a focal, rounded expansion of epithelial tissue in the right lateral aspect of the urethral papilla containing purulent material consistent with an abscess. A sample submitted for culture yielded growth of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Proteus mirabilis.

Treatment and Outcome

Purulent material was expelled by manual pressure during cystourethroscopy. Enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg PO q24h for 42 days) and carprofen (4.4 mg/kg PO q24h for 14 days) were initiated. Clinical signs resolved within 2 days.

Clinical Relevance

Inflammation in the region of the lesser vestibular paraurethral glands should be considered as a differential for female dogs presenting with chronic dysuria.
Meiofauna: Anthropogenic impacts on hidden players in ecosystem
Authors: Eleftheriou Anastasios
Published: September 2023

Certain aspects of meiobenthos research are given detailed and comprehensive attention in Chapter 7 (Hidden players: meiofauna mediate ecosystem effects of anthropogenic Disturbances in the ocean) of the Springer publication ‘New Horizons in Meiobenthos Research; Profiles, Patterns and Potential’ (O. Giere & M. Schratzberger (Eds.). This book review is concerned solely with Chapter 7 which underlines the view that meiofaunal species play a very important part as hidden players in the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances in the ocean, an aspect justifiably arousing global concerns. The chapter constitutes a veritable compendium where much that was previously unsuspected in those ‘untouched reaches’, is revealed under the scrutiny of its many internationally known authors. Of its ten sections, eight deal consecutively with the impact of disturbances caused by anthropogenic activities such as bottom fishing, pollution from organic sources, hydrocarbons, oil and chemical impacts, invasive species and climate change, followed by a section on the resilience of the meiofauna to such disturbances and the scale of their responses, with a final section outlining a forward perspective for future research. In addition, Chapter 7 contains an extensive bibliography which itself constitutes an important reference resource for researchers.
Quantitative approaches for including equity in risk and resilience infrastructure planning analyses
Authors: Gunda Thushara , Wachtel Amanda , Khadka Mishra Shruti , Moog Emily
Published: September 2023

Risk and resilience assessments for critical infrastructure focus on myriad objectives, from natural hazard evaluations to optimizing investments. Although research has started to characterize externalities associated with current or possible future states, incorporation of equity priorities at project inception is increasingly being recognized as critical for planning related activities. However, there is no standard methodology that guides development of equity‐informed quantitative approaches for infrastructure planning activities. To address this gap, we introduce a logic model that can be tailored to capture nuances about specific geographies and community priorities, effectively incorporating them into different mathematical approaches for quantitative risk assessments. Specifically, the logic model uses a graded, iterative approach to clarify specific equity objectives as well as inform the development of equations being used to support analysis. We demonstrate the utility of this framework using case studies spanning aviation fuel, produced water, and microgrid electricity infrastructures. For each case study, the use of the logic model helps clarify the ways that local priorities and infrastructure needs are used to drive the types of data and quantitative methodologies used in the respective analyses. The explicit consideration of methodological limitations (e.g., data mismatches) and stakeholder engagements serves to increase the transparency of the associated findings as well as effectively integrate community nuances (e.g., ownership of assets) into infrastructure assessments. Such integration will become increasingly important to ensure that planning activities (which occur throughout the lifecycle of the infrastructure projects) lead to long‐lasting solutions to meet both energy and sustainable development goals for communities.
Combined aerobic and muscle‐strengthening activity guidelines and their association with obesity in US adolescents
Authors: García‐Hermoso Antonio , Izquierdo Mikel , López‐Gil José Francisco
Published: September 2023

Most of the evidence on physical activity for maintaining a healthy weight in adolescents is based solely on aerobic physical activity alone, with little attention given to the muscle strength component. This study aimed to investigate the associations between aerobic activities and muscle‐strengthening activities (MSA) and overweight/obesity among a representative sample of adolescents. Data from the United States‐based Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System for the 2011–2019 cycle were used in this cross‐sectional study. Adolescents self‐reported their adherence to aerobic and MSA guidelines, as well as their height and weight. Overweight and obesity were defined using the age‐ and sex‐specific criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥85th and ≥95th percentiles, respectively. We examined the associations between adherence to physical activity guidelines (reference: not meeting either of the physical activity guidelines) and overweight/obesity or obesity using binary logistic regressions. These analyses were adjusted for race/ethnicity, sex, age, screen time, sleep duration, tobacco, alcohol, fruit, vegetables, and soda consumption. A total of 42 829 adolescents (48.98% girls) were included in the study. Of these, 22.23% met both guidelines for physical activity, 30.47% had overweight/obesity, and 14.51% had obesity. Compared with meeting neither guideline, meeting both aerobic and MSA guidelines was associated with lower odds of having overweight/obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60 to 0.68) and obesity (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.56). These results were consistent across years of assessment, sex, and race/ethnicity. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of MSA, which is often overlooked in physical activity recommendations in many studies, in combating childhood obesity in the United States.
Order effects and oral argument at the US Supreme Court
Authors: Owens Ryan J.
Published: September 2023

Objective

For years, scholars have employed Justice Harry Blackmun's private grades of attorneys to measure attorney oral argument quality. Using archival data, I analyze whether Justice Blackmun experienced order effects.

Methods

I estimate numerous ordinary least squares regression models on private archival data.

Results

Blackmun's respondent grades appear to have been influenced by his perceptions of how the petitioners performed. This finding holds across a series of checks, including those that examine whether some cases simply attract better or worse attorneys.

Conclusion

The results suggest that scholars should not use the Blackmun grades as “point estimates” but, instead, as rankings. They also suggest that previous findings may have overstated the influence of oral argument. The fact that one justice displayed evidence of a cognitive illusion also suggests that such effects may exist in various aspects of decision making.
Description of two new HLA alleles: HLA‐DRB1*14:234 and HLA‐DRB1*14:240 in Chinese individuals
Authors: Wang Wei , Dong Lina , Zhao Shuoxian , Zhang Wei , Zhu Faming
Published: September 2023

Compared with HLA‐DRB1*14:54:01:01, the alleles HLA‐DRB1*14:234 and HLA‐DRB1*14:240 each show one nucleotide substitution.
Effect of Air-Liquid Homogeneous Mixture on the Linear Dynamic Characteristics of a Hydrostatic Journal Bearing
Authors: Voitus Anthony , Arghir Mihai , Hassini Mohamed-Amine
Published: September 2023

Water lubricated hydrostatic journal bearings are widely used to support radial load of pumps in nuclear power plants. In some situations, these pumps may be required to operate with a mixture of water and air. This compressible air–water mixture will alter the dynamic characteristics of the hydrostatic journal bearings and can have a significant impact on the vibration behavior of the entire pump shaft line. This work is a parametrical investigation of the rotordynamic characteristics of these bearings relative to the volume fraction of the ingested air. The compressibility, the density, and the viscosity of the air–water mixture depend on this volume fraction. In order to evaluate this influence, a homogeneous air-liquid mixture model were developed. Moreover, for low viscosity lubricants, inertia effects can also have an important impact on bearing rotordynamic coefficients. Therefore, the flow is modeled first with the Reynolds equation and then with the bulk flow system of equations to evaluate this impact. The results show the variation of the direct and cross-coupling stiffness and of the direct damping with the evolution of inertial effects and of the level of air contamination.
Adsorption and Tribological Properties of Perfluoropolyether Lubricant Films Having Main-Chains With Different Carbon Number
Authors: Tani Hiroshi , Yamaji Yuki , Sagata Ryosuke , Hatta Tomomi , Lu Renguo , Koganezawa Shinji , Tagawa Norio
Published: September 2023

Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricants with different carbon numbers of the main chain segments were prepared and clarified the difference in carbon numbers in terms of lubricant molecule adsorption and tribological properties. Lubricant with two carbon numbers in main-chain segments and multidentate type of main-chain showed lowest monolayer thickness, wider clearance, and low smaller slider wear.
Heart, brain and neck integrated multimodal ultrasound revealed stroke etiology: carotid sub-web thrombus
Authors: Tang Yaqun
Published: September 2023

NA
Shedding light on rare iliac crest pain: exploring iliohypogastric nerve schwannoma using ultrasound imaging
Authors: Wu Wei-Ting , Chang Ke-Vin , Özçakar Levent
Published: September 2023

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Ultrastrong colloidal crystal metamaterials engineered with DNA
Authors: Li Yuanwei , Jin Hanxun , Zhou Wenjie , Wang Zhe , Lin Zhaowen , Mirkin Chad A. , Espinosa Horacio D.
Published: September 2023

Lattice-based constructs, often made by additive manufacturing, are attractive for many applications. Typically, such constructs are made from microscale or larger elements; however, smaller nanoscale components can lead to more unusual properties, including greater strength, lighter weight, and unprecedented resiliencies. Here, solid and hollow nanoparticles (nanoframes and nanocages; frame size: ~15 nanometers) were assembled into colloidal crystals using DNA, and their mechanical strengths were studied. Nanosolid, nanocage, and nanoframe lattices with identical crystal symmetries exhibit markedly different specific stiffnesses and strengths. Unexpectedly, the nanoframe lattice is approximately six times stronger than the nanosolid lattice. Nanomechanical experiments, electron microscopy, and finite element analysis show that this property results from the buckling, densification, and size-dependent strain hardening of nanoframe lattices. Last, these unusual open architectures show that lattices with structural elements as small as 15 nanometers can retain a high degree of strength, and as such, they represent target components for making and exploring a variety of miniaturized devices.
Overlooked
Candida glabrata
petites are echinocandin tolerant, induce host inflammatory responses, and display poor
in vivo
fitness
Authors: Arastehfar Amir , Daneshnia Farnaz , Hovhannisyan Hrant , Fuentes Diego , Cabrera Nathaly , Quinteros Christopher , Ilkit Macit , Ünal Nevzat , Hilmioğlu-Polat Suleyha , Jabeen Kauser , Zaka Sadaf , Desai Jigar V. , Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Shor Erika , Gabaldon Toni , Perlin David S.
Published: September 2023

Small colony variants are relatively common among some bacterial species and are associated with poor prognosis and recalcitrant infections. Similarly,
Candida glabrata—
a major intracellular fungal pathogen—produces small and slow-growing respiratory-deficient colonies, termed “petite.” Despite reports of clinical petite
C. glabrata
strains, our understanding of petite behavior in the host remains obscure. Moreover, controversies exist regarding in-host petite fitness and its clinical relevance. Herein, we employed whole-genome sequencing (WGS), dual-RNAseq, and extensive
ex vivo
and
in vivo
studies to fill this knowledge gap. WGS identified multiple petite-specific mutations in nuclear and mitochondrially encoded genes. Consistent with dual-RNAseq data, petite
C. glabrata
cells did not replicate inside host macrophages and were outcompeted by their non-petite parents in macrophages and in gut colonization and systemic infection mouse models. The intracellular petites showed hallmarks of drug tolerance and were relatively insensitive to the fungicidal activity of echinocandin drugs. Petite-infected macrophages exhibited a pro-inflammatory and type I IFN-skewed transcriptional program. Interrogation of international
C. glabrata
blood isolates (
n
= 1000) showed that petite prevalence varies by country, albeit at an overall low prevalence (0%–3.5%). Collectively, our study sheds new light on the genetic basis, drug susceptibility, clinical prevalence, and host-pathogen responses of a clinically overlooked phenotype in a major fungal pathogen.

Importance

Candida glabrata
is a major fungal pathogen, which is able to lose mitochondria and form small and slow-growing colonies, called “petite.” This attenuated growth rate has created controversies and questioned the clinical importance of petiteness. Herein, we have employed multiple omics technologies and
in vivo
mouse models to critically assess the clinical importance of petite phenotype. Our WGS identifies multiple genes potentially underpinning petite phenotype. Interestingly, petite
C. glabrata
cells engulfed by macrophages are dormant and, therefore, are not killed by the frontline antifungal drugs. Interestingly, macrophages infected with petite cells mount distinct transcriptomic responses. Consistent with our
ex vivo
observations, mitochondrial-proficient parental strains outcompete petites during systemic and gut colonization. Retrospective examination of
C. glabrata
isolates identified petite prevalence a rare entity, which can significantly vary from country to country. Collectively, our study overcomes the existing controversies and provides novel insights regarding the clinical relevance of petite
C. glabrata
isolates.
Preoperative renal embolisation in patients with polycystic kidney disease requiring incisional hernia repair after renal transplantation
Authors: Hurtado-Pardo Luis , Bueno Lledó Jose , Nieto-Sánchez Marta , García-Pastor Providencia
Published: September 2023

In the same way that renal transcatheter arterial embolisation (TAE) has demonstrated its effectiveness and safety compared with nephrectomy of the polycystic kidney at the time of transplantation, we propose that TAE can be a minimally invasive option in the surgical preparation for incisional hernia repair in order to reduce the compressive effect of the polycystic kidney, creating space and ensuring safe hernia repair. The objective of this article is to describe the first case in which TAE is used in advance of incisional hernia secondary to renal transplantation in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Neurosyphilis Mimicking Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Patel Pooja , Turbin Roger E , Husain Sameera , Wang Shuwei
Published: September 2023

A male in his 60s developed a pruritic, maculopapular rash on his torso and arms, sparing his palms and soles. He tested positive for ANA and an initial skin biopsy identified “bullous lupus,” supporting the diagnosis of a connective tissue disease. Additional symptoms included headaches, facial nerve palsy and hearing loss, which partially responded to oral corticosteroids. He subsequently developed a steroid-dependent left eye scotoma, neuroretinitis and optic nerve papillitis. Mycophenolate mofetil was added but an attempted oral steroid taper led to a worsening rash, progressive retinitis and papillitis. Neurosyphilis was confirmed by serum positive rapid plasma reagin test, reactive treponema pallidum antibodies, positive cerebrospinal fluid venereal disease research laboratory and positive spirochete immunostain of skin biopsy of lesional (rash) tissue. Treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone resolved his rash and visual symptoms. It is important to consider syphilis as a mimicker of connective tissue diseases.
A Formal Verification of a SAT Solution by P Systems with Evolution Communication and Separation Rules
Authors: Orellana-Martín David , Valencia-Cabrera Luis , Pérez-Jiménez Mario J.
Published: September 2023

In the framework of membrane computing, several interesting results concerning frontiers of efficiency between the complexity classes P and NP have been found by using different ingredients. One of the main characteristics of cell-like membrane systems is their rooted tree-like structure, where a natural parent-children membrane relationship exists, and objects can travel through the membranes. Separation rules are used as a method to obtain an exponential workspace in terms of membranes in polynomial time. Inspired by cell meiosis, objects from the original membrane are distributed between the two new membranes. In this work, P systems with evolutional symport/antiport rules and separation rules are used to give a solution to SAT, a well known NP-complete problem. One of the advantages of this solution is the use of the environment as a passive agent.
Eye State Detection Using Frequency Features from 1 or 2-Channel EEG
Authors: Laport Francisco , Dapena Adriana , Castro Paula M. , Iglesias Daniel I. , Vazquez-Araujo Francisco J.
Published: September 2023

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) establish a direct communication channel between the human brain and external devices. Among various methods, electroencephalography (EEG) stands out as the most popular choice for BCI design due to its non-invasiveness, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness. This paper aims to present and compare the accuracy and robustness of an EEG system employing one or two channels. We present both hardware and algorithms for the detection of open and closed eyes. Firstly, we utilize a low-cost hardware device to capture EEG activity from one or two channels. Next, we apply the discrete Fourier transform to analyze the signals in the frequency domain, extracting features from each channel. For classification, we test various well-known techniques, including Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), or Logistic Regression (LR). To evaluate the system, we conduct experiments, acquiring signals associated with open and closed eyes, and compare the performance between one and two channels. The results demonstrate that employing a system with two channels and using SVM, DT, or LR classifiers enhances robustness compared to a single-channel setup and allows us to achieve an accuracy percentage greater than 95% for both eye states.
Tuning the electronic structure and absorption spectrum of ZnTe/ZnS heterojunctions by selective doping with yttrium: A first-principle study
Authors: Li Haonan , Li Cong , Huang Hailiang , Hao Guodong , Wang Fei
Published: September 2023

This paper systematically investigates the electronic structure and optical properties of zinc-blende ZnTe, ZnS systems, ZnTe/ZnS heterojunctions, and Y-doped ZnTe/ZnS heterostructions using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) method under the density functional theory (DFT) framework. The results show that compared to the single-component ZnTe or ZnS systems, the ZnTe/ZnS heterojunction has a smaller bandgap width and undergoes a redshift in the absorption spectrum, which is favorable for more valence band electrons to be excited by light and transition to the conduction band, thereby enhancing the optoelectronic properties of the material. After Y-doping in the ZnTe/ZnS heterojunction system, when the doping concentration is between 1.56[Formula: see text]at% and 4.69[Formula: see text]at%, doping Y in the ZnS layer would result in the lowest energy formation of the system. Therefore, it can be inferred that in experiments, if the doping concentration is increased beyond this range, Y atoms are more likely to be arranged in the ZnS layer. Compared with the pure ZnTe/ZnS heterojunction system, increasing the Y doping concentration results in a wider bandgap and a more prominent blue shift in the absorption spectrum. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the bandgap of the heterojunction by changing the doping concentration to fabricate heterojunction device with different photoelectric effects and luminescence properties.
ANN SUPPORTED STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE AND SLURRY EROSION RESISTANCE OF THERMAL SPRAYED WC20CR3C27NI COATINGS
Authors: BHOSALE DIGVIJAY G. , BHOSALE POONAM , BHOSALE AMRUT , INGALE YOGESH , VASUDEV HITESH , RAM PRABHU T.
Published: September 2023

The thermal spray coatings are commonly employed in slurry pump components and hydrodynamic turbine blades, where wear progression is an intricate phenomenon. In this research work, the performance analysis of HVOF and APS sprayed WC20Cr3C27Ni coatings for slurry erosion wear is carried out by using artificial neural networks (ANN). The influence of time, particle size, impact angle, speed, and slurry concentration on wear performance of coatings and turbine steel substrate are evaluated. Under the experimental settings, slurry erosion wear rates and mass loss for both coatings and substrate were determined. When ASTM A743 steel was coated with thermal sprayed WC20Cr3C27Ni coatings, the slurry erosion wear resistance of the steel was enhanced by 2 and 3.5 times for APS and HVOF coatings, respectively. The design of ANN made it possible to examine the interactions between the seven input variables. A robust model was formed by the two outputs that followed. This model enables the prediction of slurry erosion wear rate and mass loss of WC20Cr3C27Ni coatings and substrate.
Carbon Pricing and Stock Performance: Evidence from China’s Emissions Trading Scheme Pilot Regions
Authors: Zhang Qiongqiong , Zhang Jianing
Published: September 2023

This paper examines a sample of 167 publicly listed enterprises covered by eight regional pilot emissions trading markets in China from 2013 to 2023. Our empirical findings indicate that the carbon price returns negatively affect the stock returns of enterprises covered by the regional markets, with the Shenzhen and Guangdong regions suffering a more pronounced effect. Furthermore, high-carbon-intensity enterprises are more susceptible to this negative impact than their low-carbon-intensity counterparts. The robustness of the negative relationship is evident even after the national emissions trading market opened on July 16, 2021. This study provides insightful guidance for policymakers to regulate emissions trading markets.
Distributed Transfer Function Formulations for Vibration Analysis of Cracked Beam and Frame Structures
Authors: Wu Ke , Zhang Hailian , Zhou Jianping
Published: September 2023

In this paper, based on distributed transfer function method (DTFM), the closed-form analytical solutions for vibrations of Euler–Bernoulli beam and frame structures with arbitrary number of cracks are studied. First, generalized DTFM is employed to characterize the dynamical model for a single cracked beam and its analytical solutions for eigenvalue problem and frequency response are obtained. Then, a new DTFM cracked element that encapsulates one crack of arbitrary location inside the beam is proposed. Using the DTFM cracked element and global dynamic stiffness matrix assembly technique, damaged frame structures of arbitrary form can be modeled for vibration analysis. Previous analytical methods only addressed low-frequency vibration of simple cracked beam structures, the proposed method can yield analytical solutions in the medium- and high-frequency regions, which is critical for the small crack detection in complex frames. Lastly, three numerical examples are given to illustrate the correctness and effectiveness of the DTFM in analyzing natural frequencies, modal shapes and frequency responses for cracked structures. By comparing with the Finite Element Method (FEM) and benchmarks from literatures, we proved that the DTFM has better performances in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Forecast climate change impact on porewater pressure regimes for the design and assessment of clay earthworks
Authors: Huang Wengui , Loveridge Fleur A. , Briggs Kevin M. , Smethurst Joel A. , Saffari Nader , Thomson Fiona
Published: September 2023

Understanding and mitigating the impact of climate change on the built environment is becoming increasingly important worldwide. Earthworks (embankments and cuttings) supporting road and rail transportation networks often have direct contact with the atmosphere and are therefore influenced by extreme weather events and seasonal weather patterns. Atmospheric wetting and drying alters porewater pressures (PWPs) within earthworks, potentially contributing to the deformation and failure of earthwork slopes. Consequently, it is essential to understand the influence of climate change on PWPs within earthwork slopes, to inform strategies for their design, assessment and maintenance. Extensive 1D seepage analyses were carried out for typical railway embankments in the London area. The analyses showed that forecast hotter, drier summers will increase the water storage capacity of earthworks. This will lead to increased net infiltration in the winter months owing to both a forecast increase in rainfall and a longer time being required to saturate the soil pores and bring the water table back to the slope surface. Hence, despite the forecast increase in winter rainfall, this will not lead to higher design PWP regimes. The analyses were conducted for the London area, but this approach and conceptual framework can be readily adapted for other locations.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Climate change and resilience in Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/Climate-change-and-resilience-in-engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology
Research on the Application of Translation Parallel Corpus in Interpretation Teaching
Authors: Gong Yan , Cheng Li
Published: September 2023

Large and organized sets of translated texts between languages are called parallel translation corpora (PTLs). Even though data-driven learning can generate insights from massive datasets and create more tailored learning experiences, it has gained in popularity. There are however a few problems with this strategy, such as poor data quality, privacy concerns, inability to scale, a lack of clear explanations, and high costs. To provide high-quality output, machine translation algorithms are generally trained utilizing parallel corpora generated by human translators. The written word can be deciphered from one language to another through translation. The spoken word can be conveyed from one language to another through translation. Based on the study of real samples, machine translation from corpus linguistics uses its translations to create its translations. Statistical approaches are only one of the many ways a corpus may be used. Translated texts from two or more languages are called parallel corpora. With the emergence of data-driven learning (DDL) in translation training and language instruction, they are becoming increasingly popular in translation and contrastive research. While working as a professional translator, you're likely to encounter a wide range of challenges. These are lexical-semantic, grammar, syntactic, rhetorical, practical, and cultural difficulties. There are limitations to the number of possible translations that dictionaries can provide and difficulty in doing a thorough search. When it comes to translating, contemporary technologies bring up a whole new world of possibilities thanks to the sheer volume of data and the speed at which it is available. Students of translation can benefit from this study's innovative way of employing PTL-DDL, which can help them improve the quality and speed of their translations. In addition, the parallel corpora's sample sentences are readily available, making it easier to choose the best translations from a pool of translation candidates. Because of these characteristics, the approach is well-suited to creating active or encoding dictionaries.
Asynchronous Compaction Acceleration Scheme for Near-data Processing-enabled LSM-tree-based KV Stores
Authors: Sun Hui , Lou Bendong , Zhao Chao , Kong Deyan , Zhang Chaowei , Huang Jianzhong , Yue Yinliang , Qin Xiao
Published: September 2023

LSM-tree-based key-value stores (KV stores) convert random-write requests to sequence-write ones to achieve high I/O performance. Meanwhile, compaction operations in KV stores update SSTables in forms of reorganizing low-level data components to high-level ones, thereby guaranteeing an orderly data layout in each component. Repeated writes caused by compaction (a.k.a. write amplification) impacts I/O bandwidth and overall system performance. Near-data processing (NDP) is one of the effective approaches to addressing this write-amplification issue. Most NDP-based techniques adopt synchronous parallel schemes to perform a compaction task on both the host and its NDP-enabled device. In synchronous parallel compaction schemes, the execution time of compaction is determined by a subsystem that has lower compaction performance coupled by under-utilized computing resources in a NDP framework. To solve this problem, we propose an asynchronous parallel scheme named
PStore
to improve the compaction performance in KV stores. In PStore, we designed a multi-tasks queue and three priority-based scheduling methods. PStore elects proper compaction tasks to be offloaded in host- and device-side compaction modules. Our proposed cross-leveled compaction mechanism mitigates write amplification induced by asynchronous compaction. PStore featured with the asynchronous compaction mechanism fully utilizes computing resources in both host- and device-side subsystems. Compared with the two popular synchronous compaction modes based on KV stores (TStore and LevelDB), our PStore immensely improves the throughput by up to a factor of 14 and 10.52 with an average of a factor of 2.09 and 1.73, respectively.
Energy-Efficient Communications for Improving Timely Progress of Intermittent-Powered BLE Devices
Authors: Hung Chen-Tui , Lee Kai Xuan , Liu Yi-Zheng , Chen Ya-Shu , Chan Zhong-Han
Published: September 2023

Battery-less devices offer potential solutions for maintaining sustainable
Internet of Things (IoT)
networks. However, limited energy harvesting capacity can lead to power failures, limiting the system’s
quality of service (QoS)
. To improve timely task progress, we present ETIME, a scheduling framework that enables energy-efficient communication for intermittent-powered IoT devices. To maximize energy efficiency while meeting the timely requirements of intermittent systems, we first model the relationship between insufficient harvesting energy and task behavior time. We then propose a method for predicting response times for battery-less devices. Considering both delays from multiple task interference and insufficient system energy, we introduce a dynamic wake-up strategy to improve timely task progress. Additionally, to minimize power consumption from connection components, we propose a dynamic connection interval adjustment to provide energy-efficient communication. The proposed algorithms are implemented in a lightweight operating system on real devices. Experimental results show that our approach can significantly improve progress for timely applications while maintaining task progress.
Special Issue of Interface on Commercialization of Electrochemistry and Material Science Technologies
Authors: Jennings Taylor E.
Published: September 2023

Introduction to the Special Issue on on Commercialization of Electrochemistry and Material Science Technologies
Is Commercialization of Intellectual Property in an Academic Environment Possible?
Authors: Leddy Bill , Leddy Johna
Published: September 2023

The question: is Commercialization of Intellectual Property Feasible in an Academic Environment. There are many factors, unique and disparate between Academia and Commercialization and Licensing. There are substantial misalignments of the objectives. A fundamental idea inaugurated in an academic lab follows a complex path to commercialization. Along the way, the PI wears many hats. Here, some of the challenges for an academic PI navigating the path are counterbalanced with investors’ perspectives on commercialization.
The Path from Scientific Discovery to Electrochemical Product Realization
Authors: Hilty Robert D. , Clay Tom
Published: September 2023

This article will follow the path from initial scientific discovery to product concept and eventual commercialization. We will utilize the history of new nanocrystalline metal materials made by electrodeposition at Xtalic as a case study for what worked and what didn’t work.
Transitioning Electrochemical Technologies into Agriculture via the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center Model
Authors: Botte Gerardine G.
Published: September 2023

One of the most difficult challenges in translating electrochemical technologies into agriculture is the lag in education about the impact of electrochemical technologies in the field. Other challenges include lack of (1) investment and resources for translational research; (2) effective mechanisms to derisk investment; (3) a workforce prepared to translate and operate such technologies; (4) policy, legal infrastructure, and holistic business growth models; and (5) diverse and inclusive leadership “agents of change” to transition the technologies into the market. Opportunities to translate research into the market require strong partnerships with industry, universities, government, and stakeholders. An effective model is the National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center (ERC) model. An NSF ERC Gen-4 launched in August 2022 is the Center for Advancing Sustainable and Distributed Fertilizer Production (CASFER). Industry and other practitioner organizations are actively involved at the very early stage (articulation of the vision) and during operation in activities such as: participation in strategic planning, joint research, providing input into workforce development programs, mentoring students, and engagement in proof-of-concept testbeds. All these activities and engagement are key to accelerating technology transfer and to transitioning technologies from the lab to the market, while training an effective workforce for industry.
Spatiotemporal repolarization dispersion before and after exercise in patients with long QT syndrome type 1 versus controls: probing into the arrhythmia substrate
Authors: Dahlberg Pia , Axelsson Karl-Jonas , Rydberg Annika , Lundahl Gunilla , Gransberg Lennart , Bergfeldt Lennart
Published: September 2023

Physical activity increases the risk for life-threatening arrhythmias in LQTS type 1 (LQT1). The arrhythmia substrate is presumably altered electrical heterogeneity (a.k.a. dispersion). Spatiotemporal dispersion parameters were therefore compared before and after exercise in patients versus healthy controls using Frank vectorcardiography, a novelty. Physical exercise prolonged the time between the earliest and latest complete repolarization in patients versus controls, but did not increase parameters reflecting global dispersion of action potential duration and morphology, another novelty.
Cardiovascular decline in offspring during the perinatal period in an ovine model of fetal growth restriction
Authors: Rock Charmaine R. , White Tegan A. , Piscopo Beth R. , Sutherland Amy E. , Pham Yen , Camm Emily J. , Sehgal Arvind , Polglase Graeme R. , Miller Suzanne L. , Allison Beth J.
Published: September 2023

Our findings provide novel insight into the potential mechanisms that program for cardiovascular dysfunction in growth-restricted neonates as our growth-restricted lambs exhibited a progressive decline in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the femoral artery between birth and 4 wk of age. Subsequent analyses indicated that this reduction in vasodilatory capacity is likely to be mediated by the prostanoid pathway and prostanoids could be a potential target for therapeutic interventions for fetal growth restriction (FGR).
Main Diagnostic Criteria Usually Does Not Work for Autoimmune Pancreatitis Wrongly Presuming Malignancy
Authors: Gong Lei , Shu Bin , Yu Fei , Zhang Xinjing , Chen Jianfei , Peng Jirun
Published: September 2023

Background. Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) usually responds dramatically to steroid therapy. Occasionally, however, misdiagnosed patients have undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy. This study is aimed at providing useful information to improve the accuracy of diagnosis before surgery and thus avoid unnecessary resections in patients with AIP. Methods. From January 2015 to February 2020, a series of patients were enrolled, having undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy for presumed malignancy. AIP diagnoses were confirmed by postoperative pathology. The demographic and clinical data of the AIP patients were evaluated. The main diagnostic criteria (HISORt, Asian, and ICDC) for AIP were applied to assess whether and how unnecessary surgery could have been avoided. Results. A total of 124 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy were performed for presumed malignancy. Six patients were diagnosed with benign disease and five with AIP. The prevalences of benign disease and AIP were 4.8% and 4%, respectively. Four patients were female and 1 male, with a mean age of 60.0 years old. Jaundice, pain, and weight loss were observed in 100%, 20%, and 40% of AIP patients, respectively. The radiologic features of the AIP patients were a diffusely enlarged gland (40.0%), a focally enlarged gland (40.0%), pancreatic ductal dilatation (60.0%), upstream parenchymal atrophy (20.0%), bile duct thickening (66.0%), and bile duct stricture (40.0%). Based on the diagnostic criteria for AIP, surgery could have been avoided in two cases. Conclusions. IgG4 measurement and integrated use of major diagnostic criteria should be emphasized in every patient eligible for pancreaticoduodenectomies.
Digital Transformation Education, Opportunities, and Challenges of the Application of ChatGPT to Emerging Economies
Authors: Mhlanga David
Published: September 2023

Significant advancements have been achieved in the field of artificial intelligence in recent years. OpenAI has emerged as a trailblazer in the domain, regularly spearheading research endevours. The ChatGPT language model has received much attention owing to its exceptional natural language processing capabilities. The potential of this technology to enhance education, particularly in emerging nations, necessitates a comprehensive analysis of its forthcoming influence. The primary objective of this research is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of OpenAI, particularly ChatGPT, in relation to the educational environment of developing nations. Utilizing the critical document analysis methodology, this study examines the advantages of ChatGPT, including its capacity for flexible and personalized instruction, its ability to provide access to high-quality education, and its provision of language help, among other benefits. This study provides a complete examination of the advantages and drawbacks associated with this technology. Its objective is to enhance our understanding of the potential impact it may have on education in developing nations, achieved through an extensive evaluation of ChatGPT.
Effect of Ethical Leadership on Nurses’ Organizational Silence: The Mediating Role of Organizational Justice
Authors: She Jiachen , Zhang Ruixing , Li Yanan , Mei Yongxia , Li Hongfeng
Published: September 2023

Aim. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of ethical leadership on nurses’ organizational silence and the mediating role of organizational justice. Background. Organizational silence is considered to be an unethical and destructive influence on healthcare organizations. Ethical leadership has an important influence on nurses’ organizational silence. Yet, the effect of mechanism among ethical leadership, nurses’ organizational silence, and the perceived organizational justice remains unknown. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 896 nurses in 11 hospitals in Henan Province, China, using a stratified sampling method. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and PROCESS macro. Results. Chinese nurses spoke highly of the ethical leadership of their nurse managers. Organizational justice and silence among nurses were at moderate levels. Ethical leadership significantly predicted nurses’ organizational justice (β = 0.453,

P

 < 0.001) and nurses’ organizational silence (β = −0.450,

P

 < 0.001). Organizational justice played a partially mediating role in ethical leadership and nurses’ organizational silence. Conclusion. Developing ethical leadership and improving organizational justice for nurses are critical to reduce organizational silence among nurses. Implications for Nursing Management. Hospitals can break organizational silence by developing ethical leadership in nurse managers through training related to ethical leadership, such as leadership programs. In addition, nurse managers can reduce the occurrence of organizational silence by increasing nurses’ sense of organizational justice.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Iron Metabolism with T2* Mapping Predicts an Enhanced Clinical Response to Pharmacologic Ascorbate in Patients with GBM
Authors: Petronek Michael S. , Monga Varun , Bodeker Kellie L. , Kwofie Michael , Lee Chu-Yu , Mapuskar Kranti A. , Stolwijk Jeffrey M. , Zaher Amira , Wagner Brett A. , Smith Mark C. , Vollstedt Sandy , Brown Heather , Chandler Meghan L. , Lorack Amanda C. , Wulfekuhle Jared S. , Sarkaria Jann N. , Flynn Ryan T. , Greenlee Jeremy D.W. , Howard Matthew A. , Smith Brian J. , Jones Karra A. , Buettner Garry R. , Cullen Joseph J. , St-Aubin Joel , Buatti John M. , Magnotta Vincent A. , Spitz Douglas R. , Allen Bryan G.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH−) is hypothesized to be an iron (Fe)-dependent tumor-specific adjuvant to chemoradiation in treating glioblastoma (GBM). This study determined the efficacy of combining P-AscH− with radiation and temozolomide in a phase II clinical trial while simultaneously investigating a mechanism-based, noninvasive biomarker in T2* mapping to predict GBM response to P-AscH− in humans.

Patients and Methods:

The single-arm phase II clinical trial (NCT02344355) enrolled 55 subjects, with analysis performed 12 months following the completion of treatment. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method and compared across patient subgroups with log-rank tests. Forty-nine of 55 subjects were evaluated using T2*-based MRI to assess its utility as an Fe-dependent biomarker.

Results:

Median OS was estimated to be 19.6 months [90% confidence interval (CI), 15.7–26.5 months], a statistically significant increase compared with historic control patients (14.6 months). Subjects with initial T2* relaxation < 50 ms were associated with a significant increase in PFS compared with T2*-high subjects (11.2 months vs. 5.7 months, P < 0.05) and a trend toward increased OS (26.5 months vs. 17.5 months). These results were validated in preclinical in vitro and in vivo model systems.

Conclusions:

P-AscH− combined with temozolomide and radiotherapy has the potential to significantly enhance GBM survival. T2*-based MRI assessment of tumor iron content is a prognostic biomarker for GBM clinical outcomes.

See related commentary by Nabavizadeh and Bagley, p. 255