bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIGURE 6 from Surgical Inflammation Alters Immune Response to Intraoperative Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Davis Richard W. , Klampatsa Astero , Cramer Gwendolyn M. , Kim Michele M. , Miller Joann M. , Yuan Min , Houser Cassandra , Snyder Emma , Putt Mary , Vinogradov Sergei A. , Albelda Steven M. , Cengel Keith A. , Busch Theresa M.
Published: September 2023

Immunophenotyping reveals increased granulocytes when TI precedes PDT. Flow cytometric analysis of splenocytes revealed no significant increase in CD8+ or CD4+ T cells at 2 days after administration of TI, PDT, or TI/PDT. Similarly, no variations were observed in CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs. Mean fold change of CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytes in TI/PDT were significantly greater compared with untreated tumors; no significance was observed in tumors treated with PDT in the absence of TI. This was specific for Ly6G+ cells, as Ly6G− myeloid cells were not affected by TI and/or PDT. n = 10 mice/group; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
Data from Effect of Test History at Ages 50–64 on Later Cervical Cancer Risk: A Population-based Case–control Study
Authors: Kultalahti Henric , Heinävaara Sirpa , Sarkeala Tytti , Pankakoski Maiju
Published: September 2023

As life expectancy increases, the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening programs needs to be reassessed for the older population. We addressed the effect of test history in and outside organized screening at age 50–64 years on later cervical cancer risk. A case–control study was conducted by deriving 229 cases of 65–79 years old women with invasive cervical cancer in 2010–2019 from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Ten controls were matched for each case by birth year and hospital district. The effect of test uptake and abnormal results in 50–64 year olds on cancer risk was investigated using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for self-selection. Test uptake within the 50–64 years age group showed 75% lower odds of cervical cancer [adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.25; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.18–0.35]. Untested women had 4.9 times higher odds than those tested with normal results (aOR = 4.86; 95% CI, 3.42–6.92). Having at least one abnormal test result increased the odds by 2.5 when compared with only normal results but showed lower odds when compared with untested women. The importance of testing is exhibited by the result showing a reduction of odds of cancer to one-fourth for those tested compared with untested. Similarly, receiving abnormal results was protective of cancer compared with having no tests highlighting the importance of proper follow-up. Therefore, screening history should be considered when further developing cervical cancer screening programs with special interest in non-attenders and those receiving abnormal results at older ages.
Significance:
To our knowledge, this is the first study from Finnish data describing the effect of test history on later cervical cancer at older ages. Focusing on the cervical tests taken within the Finnish national screening program and outside it highlights the overall importance of having cervical tests and adds this study into the slowly increasing number of studies considering all cervical testing in Finland.
HMGB1 Is a Prognostic Factor for Mortality in Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Matsuura Ryo , Komaru Yohei , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Yoshida Teruhiko , Yoshimoto Kohei , Yamashita Tetsushi , Hamasaki Yoshifumi , Noiri Eisei , Nangaku Masaomi , Doi Kent
Published: September 2023

Instruction: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that reportedly causes kidney injury and other organ damage in rodent acute kidney injury (AKI) models. However, it remains unclear whether HMGB1 is associated with clinical AKI and related outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the association with HMGB1 and prognosis of AKI requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Methods: AKI patients treated with CRRT in our intensive care unit were enrolled consecutively during 2013–2016. Plasma HMGB1 was measured on initiation. Classic initiation was defined as presenting at least one of the following conventional indications: hyperkalemia (K ≥6.5 mEq/L), severe acidosis (pH <7.15), uremia (UN >100 mg/dL), and diuretics-resistant pulmonary edema. Early initiation was defined as presenting no conventional indications. The primary outcome was defined as 90-day mortality. Results: A total of 177 AKI patients were enrolled in this study. HMGB1 was significantly associated with the primary outcome (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04–1.08). When the patients were divided into two-by-two groups by the timing of CRRT initiation and the HMBG1 cutoff value obtained by receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, the high HMGB1 group (>10 ng/mL) with classic initiation was significantly associated with the primary outcome compared with the others, even after adjusting for other factors including the nonrenal serial organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Conclusion: HMGB1 was associated with 90-day mortality in AKI patients requiring CRRT. Notably, the highest mortality was observed in the high HMGB1 group with classic initiation. These findings suggest that CRRT should be considered for AKI patients with high HMGB1, regardless of the conventional indications.
Characterization of dairy farms in a family-farm system in the municipality of Senador Guiomard, Acre State, Western Amazon
Authors: Linhares Luane Pereira , Reis Eduardo Mitke Brandão , Lopes Marcos Aurélio , Nobile Camilla Birenbaum , Oliveira Antonia Valcemira Domingos de
Published: September 2023

National dairy production is characterized by significant heterogeneity in production techniques and herd and farmer profiles. Our objective was to characterize 18 dairy farms under family farming in Senador Guiomard, Acre State, from January to December 2019. Data were gathered through 255 question semi-structured forms applied to farmers in monthly visits. The data were then stored in Excel® spreadsheets and subjected to descriptive statistics. A joint analysis showed the following characteristics: farmers with low schooling level (89%); farmers of advanced age (61%); nonadoption of good dairy practices (100%); inadequate milk transport (72%); adequate brucellosis vaccination (100%); non specialized herds (40%); pasture production system (100%); low productivity per area (873 L/ha/year) and per cow (4.0 liters/cow/day); low number of lactating cows (53%); and gross milk income (29,466.65 R$/year) representing 69% of the total gross income. The region studied has positive factors such as market guarantees, proximity to large market centers, reasonable land prices, suitable climate, ease of credit, rural education, and technical assistance. Overall, the farms are managed under a traditional production system, with low use of technology and unsatisfactory zootechnical indexes. However, the region has favorable conditions for dairy farming development.
Flânerie pelas cidades do futuro
Authors: Silva Eduardo Duarte Gomes da
Published: September 2023

Este artigo toma a ideia de flânerie, de Walter Benjamin, como uma ferramenta metodológica pensada para percorrer cidades futurísticas imaginárias em quatro filmes de ficção científica. O flâneur, portanto, é um operador cognitivo que me leva a construir uma outra forma de apreciar os filmes, criando meu próprio tempo de observação e apreendendo da ficção as ideias de futuro que hoje criam as paisagens urbanas futuristas. Este artigo resulta da pesquisa “Futuros Humanos: A percepção imaginária dos ambientes urbanos e paisagens do futuro no cinema contemporâneo”, que investiga as projeções do imaginário social sobre o futuro dos ambientes urbanos no cinema de ficção científica, considerando seus reflexos na sociedade atual.
As “Inimagens” de Eduardo Kac e a fotografia experimental no Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Victa de , Cruz Nina Velasco e
Published: September 2023

O artigo busca contribuir para a história da fotografia experimental brasileira através de uma reflexão acerca da série fotográfica “Inimagens” (1983), de Eduardo Kac. Para tal, faremos uma breve contextualização de como esse trabalho se insere na trajetória artística de Kac e, também, na história da fotografia experimental brasileira. Em um segundo momento, discutiremos mais detidamente as imagens que compõem a série, fazendo uma reflexão sobre o gesto experimental na arte fotográfica a partir das noções de transgressão e informe, operacionalizadas por Georges Bataille, Michel Foucault e Georges Didi-Huberman.
Mapeando as relações comunicativas em premiações jornalísticas
Authors: Uhry Ricardo , Caetano Kati
Published: September 2023

Parte-se de uma teorização que permite localizar problemas relacionados à crise do jornalismo e pode ser aplicada às premiações. Por meio de análise discursiva localiza-se no Mapa relacional os temas dos 41 vencedores de premiações e realizam-se estudos de casos ilustrativos. Nos resultados, salienta-se que os projetos enfocam questões relacionadas à atualidade que, ao serem localizadas no Mapa, proporcionam uma visão de acontecimentos globais de 2020 a 2022 e podem ser relacionadas a desinformação, abuso de poder, desumanização, sensacionalismo, negativismo. Identificam-se características experimentais, experienciais, artísticas, de visualização e comunicação, que podem contribuir para reconfigurar o noticiário. Ao indicar relações comunicacionais abusivas, o mapeamento contribui com reflexões sobre o jornalismo e destaca práticas noticiosas.
Gosto musical, moral e incômodos
Authors: Trotta Felipe da Costa
Published: September 2023

A música é uma forma de ação e pensamento no mundo. Participar de uma experiência musical é interagir com ideias, valores e pertencimentos que por vezes se afastam de nossas predileções, outras vezes se aproximam. O gosto musical é um eixo importante de debates sobre as experiências musicais cotidianas. A partir de uma pesquisa sobre incômodos musicais, proponho aqui uma reflexão sobre o gosto não a partir de movimentos de adesão, mas de rechaço. Foram realizadas mais de 70 entrevistas com indivíduos de distintas faixas etárias, classes sociais e regiões do planeta, nas quais indagamos sobre situações em que a música agiu como elemento de incômodo. Ao classificar uma música como incômoda ou desagradável, as pessoas elaboram códigos morais, aprofundando interpretações sobre ética e comportamentos que partem do julgamento sonoro e se ampliam em um julgamento mais amplo sobre os indivíduos e os valores reconhecidos nas músicas.
A narrativa termográfica em Incoming e There Will Be No More Night
Authors: Teixeira Rafael Tassi
Published: September 2023

Incoming (2017), do fotógrafo e cineasta Richard Mosse, é uma instalação artística multicanal que se baseia no sistema de detecção térmica de uma potente e restrita câmera de vigilância militar, adaptada por Mosse para observar campos de refugiados no sul da Europa. There Will Be No More Night (2020), filme da cineasta Éléonore Weber, aciona registros de operações militares filmados desde aeronaves bélicas em ações de rastreamento e ataque, utilizando imagens térmicas visualizadas nos capacetes dos pilotos. O presente trabalho é uma análise dos processos de apropriação artística do formato imersivo e multitela produzido pelo artista Richard Mosse, e o uso de arquivos militares em modulação cinematográfica, acionados como vestimenta tecnológica e imagens de vigilância no documentário da diretora Éléonore Weber.
Pensar lo popular desde un lugar otro: La propuesta de Jesús Martín-Barbero y su aporte al debate teórico sobre la cultura popular
Authors: Parducci Amparo Marroquín
Published: September 2023

Jesús Martín-Barbero ha sido un referente latinoamericano en los estudios de comunicación y cultura. Su trabajo permitió colocar en el debate una mirada histórica y un mapa conceptual de los referentes y disputas en torno a lo popular. La hipótesis de este trabajo es que Martín-Barbero consiguió, y ese fue su mayor aporte, desplazar el lugar de lo popular desde lo ancestral/originario hasta un lugar más plebeyo, más bastardo, más sospechoso y más anclado con la realidad latinoamericana de su momento: colocó lo popular cerca del mundo masivo. El presente texto retoma elementos elaborados en la tesis doctoral y, a partir de ello, recupera dos reflexiones centrales sobre la cultura popular en el pensamiento de Martín-Barbero: la mirada histórica y genealógica sobre lo popular, que este autor trabajó en su libro De los medios a las mediaciones, y su desplazamiento hacia el lugar de lo masivo y las implicaciones que esto tiene, que también se desarrolla con extensión en la misma publicación, a partir de lo cual se ofrecen algunas conclusiones.
Descontinuidade e Deslocamento: a pesquisa universitária
Authors: Kossovitch Leon
Published: September 2023

Conferência proferida no salão nobre da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo aos 15 de março de 2023, por ocasião da recepção do termo de outorga do título de Professor Emérito por essa mesma instituição.
Ouvir, sentir e compreender: sobre o papel das emoções na experiência estético-musical
Authors: Trombetta Gerson Luís
Published: September 2023

O artigo examina o papel das emoções na experiência com a música (instrumental), desenvolvendo três teses básicas: 1) a música pode ser considerada como um “texto narrativo”, que realiza um modo específico de engajamento; 2) as emoções aparecem na experiência musical basicamente de duas formas: como expressão (ou “clarificação”), onde o agente psicológico portador de tais emoções é a persona musical, e como algo que deve constituir a experiência do ouvinte; 3) as respostas emocionais do ouvinte constituem um processo ativo e necessário para o preenchimento das “lacunas” da narrativa musical e compõem decisivamente o processo de compreensão da obra musical.
Polyoccupationalism: Expertise Stretch and Status Stretch in the Postindustrial Era
Authors: Hénaut Léonie , Lena Jennifer C. , Accominotti Fabien
Published: September 2023

Past research has posited that occupations are distinct and exclusive communities of workers and used single-entry questions in surveys to measure occupational self-identification. Our study challenges that view by reporting the existence of polyoccupationalism, or workers’ simultaneous identification with multiple occupations. We predict this phenomenon co-occurs with postindustrial forms of work organization and that its expression varies with workers’ position in the occupational structure. Using a survey on creative workers that uniquely allowed respondents to identify with multiple occupations, we find individuals report higher levels of polyoccupationalism when their work is more contract- and project-based, net of other individual and occupational attributes. We further show that polyoccupationalism takes different forms at the top and the bottom of the occupational hierarchy: whereas the polyoccupationalism of high-status “entrepreneurs” stretches expertise—they identify with occupations that are similar in status but functionally distinct—that of lower-status “hustlers” stretches status—the occupations they report involve similar tasks but stand farther apart on the occupational status scale. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding workers’ occupational identities and the dynamics of occupational hierarchies.
Effect of residence time in the reactor on the reinforcement of biochar in rubber compounds
Authors: Ribeiro Willian B. , Godinho Marcelo , Brandalise Rosmary N.
Published: September 2023

In the present work, the effect of residence time on the production of biochar by the pyrolysis process of Pinus spp. was investigated. Biochar was produced at three different residence times in the reactor (30, 60, and 240 min). The effect of residence time on the load in the pyrolysis process was evaluated based on the rheometric, physical and mechanical properties of the elastomeric compounds. The shortest residence time, 30 min, produced a biochar with a graphitic structure (turbostratic) that was ideal for the interaction between load and elastomer and caused the least possible disturbance to the crystallization process by stretching the natural rubber, which was observed from the tensile strength, while maintaining the mechanical properties. As the residence time increased, it was observed that the more crystalline structure interfered with the crystallization process of the natural rubber when stretched, causing a decrease in tensile strength and decreasing the interaction between the load- elastomer, thus increasing the vulcanization time of the rubber. The compound was prepared using the filler with the longest residence time (NR/BIO240min).
Riding together? Why app-mediated food delivery couriers join trade unions in Austria
Authors: Geyer Leonard , Vandaele Kurt , Prinz Nicolas
Published: September 2023

A burgeoning literature has analysed how and why platform workers express their (collective) voice. While this ‘willingness to act’ of platform workers is evidenced across several countries, there is little research on their ‘willingness to pay’, however. Are platform workers willing to become dues paying union members? Exploiting novel survey data from Austria, this article addresses this gap by analysing the propensity of app-mediated food delivery couriers to join trade unions. Similarly to traditional industries, the findings demonstrate that the decision to join a union is driven by instrumental and value-rational motivations. Compared to employed couriers, those on ‘free-service provider contracts’, i.e. freelancers, are less likely to unionise, however. Also, short expected job tenure and limited personal contacts hinder unionisation in app-mediated food delivery. Yet unions are not without tools: they can significantly improve relationships between them and the couriers by supporting grassroots activists.
A grounded theory of interdependence between specialist and generalist palliative care teams across healthcare settings
Authors: Thelen Mary , Brearley Sarah G , Walshe Catherine
Published: September 2023

Background:

Individuals with palliative care needs face increased risk of discontinuity of care as they navigate between healthcare settings, locations and practitioners which can result in poor outcomes. Little is known about interactions that occur between specialist and generalist palliative care teams as patients are transition from hospital to community-based care after hospitalisation.

Aim:

To understand what happens between inpatient specialist palliative care teams and the generalist teams who provide post-discharge palliative care for shared patients.

Design:

A constructivist grounded theory approach, using semi-structured interviews and constant comparative analysis, including coding, memo-writing and diagram construction.

Settings/participants:

Interviews ( n = 21) with specialist palliative care clinicians and clinicians in other specialties providing generalist palliative care. Specialists had training in palliative care and worked in specialty palliative care practices; other clinicians worked in primary care or oncology and did not have specialised palliative care training.

Results:

A grounded theory of interdependence between specialist and generalist palliative care teams across healthcare settings was constructed. Two states of inter-team functioning were found which related to how teams perceived themselves: separate teams or one cross-boundary team. Three conditions influenced these two states of inter-team functioning: knowing the other team; communicating intentionally; and acknowledging and valuing the role of the other team.

Conclusions:

Teams need to explicitly consider and agree their mode of functioning, and enact changes to enhance knowledge of the team, intentional communication and valuing other teams’ contributions. Future research is needed to test or expand this theory across a range of cultures and contexts.
Tac2Pose: Tactile object pose estimation from the first touch
Authors: Bauza Maria , Bronars Antonia , Rodriguez Alberto
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we present Tac2Pose, an object-specific approach to tactile pose estimation from the first touch for known objects. Given the object geometry, we learn a tailored perception model in simulation that estimates a probability distribution over possible object poses given a tactile observation. To do so, we simulate the contact shapes that a dense set of object poses would produce on the sensor. Then, given a new contact shape obtained from the sensor, we match it against the pre-computed set using an object-specific embedding learned using contrastive learning. We obtain contact shapes from the sensor with an object-agnostic calibration step that maps RGB (red, green, blue) tactile observations to binary contact shapes. This mapping, which can be reused across object and sensor instances, is the only step trained with real sensor data. This results in a perception model that localizes objects from the first real tactile observation. Importantly, it produces pose distributions and can incorporate additional pose constraints coming from other perception systems, multiple contacts, or priors. We provide quantitative results for 20 objects. Tac2Pose provides high accuracy pose estimations from distinctive tactile observations while regressing meaningful pose distributions to account for those contact shapes that could result from different object poses. We extend and test Tac2Pose in multi-contact scenarios where two tactile sensors are simultaneously in contact with the object, as during a grasp with a parallel jaw gripper. We further show that when the output pose distribution is filtered with a prior on the object pose, Tac2Pose is often able to improve significantly on the prior. This suggests synergistic use of Tac2Pose with additional sensing modalities (e.g., vision) even in cases where the tactile observation from a grasp is not sufficiently discriminative. Given a coarse estimate of an object’s pose, even ambiguous contacts can be used to determine an object’s pose precisely. We also test Tac2Pose on object models reconstructed from a 3D scanner, to evaluate the robustness to uncertainty in the object model. We show that even in the presence of model uncertainty, Tac2Pose is able to achieve fine accuracy comparable to when the object model is the manufacturer’s CAD (computer-aided design) model. Finally, we demonstrate the advantages of Tac2Pose compared with three baseline methods for tactile pose estimation: directly regressing the object pose with a neural network, matching an observed contact to a set of possible contacts using a standard classification neural network, and direct pixel comparison of an observed contact with a set of possible contacts. Website: mcube.mit.edu/research/tac2pose.html
Boxing family: Theorising competition with boxers in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Hopkinson Leo
Published: September 2023

Anthropologists have often conceptualized competition by contrasting it with cooperation, even when collective ends are sought and achieved by competing. This approach tells us little about the qualities of the relationships and subjectivities that competition sustains. I explore the qualities of competitive relationships and subjectivities among Accra boxers, many of whom feel a constant, simmering sense of competition with one another. Boxers describe these competitive relationships using kinship idioms, and distinguish keenly between these kinship metaphors and non-metaphoric kin relations. A sustained comparison between competitive relations and kin relations in Accra reveals how competition intertwines subjectivities and futures, rather than producing hyper-individualistic and self-interested ‘neoliberal subjects’. I thus argue that boxers use kinship as a metaphoric resource to help them navigate the fraught intimacies that competition fosters. Their rendering of competition as kinship suggests how anthropologists might theorize the contradictory nature of competitive relationships with more nuance.
Association Between Health and Levels of Health Literacy in 13- to 16-Year-Old Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Lebanon
Authors: Bouclaous Carmel , Daher Ralph , Osseily Wissam , Rosário Rafaela , Hamam Hasan
Published: September 2023

The study assessed health literacy (HL) in Lebanese adolescents and its associations with health during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 228 adolescents (63.1% female), 15.5 ± 1.5 years, took the survey. Data was collected between May and September 2020. The questionnaire consisted of the Health Literacy for School-Aged Children (HLSAC) scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) assessment, sociodemographic characteristics, and health-related variables. Around 84.6% had low to moderate HL. Adolescents with moderate HL were more likely to spend more than 2 hours on sedentary behavior ( OR = 0.3, 95% CI [0.1, 0.9]) and smoke ( OR = 0.3, 95% CI [0.1, 0.8]). Adolescents with high HL had lower odds of having moderate to severe anxiety ( OR = 0.2, 95% CI [0.1, 0.8]) and excess body weight ( OR = 0.1, 95% CI [0.4, 0.5]). Adolescents with high HL had higher odds of having good to excellent health ( OR = 1.2, 95% CI [0.4, 3.7]). Interventions to strengthen HL must be implemented with a focus on at-risk adolescents.
Secondary Intracranial Hypertension in Pediatric Lyme Meningitis
Authors: Rogers James D. , Jordan Catherine O. , Inger Hilliary E. , Aylward Shawn C.
Published: September 2023

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States and has been associated with secondary intracranial hypertension. We reviewed 11 pediatric patients with Lyme-associated secondary intracranial hypertension. All patients presented with headache, ten had papilledema, 7 with a rash, and 5 with a cranial nerve palsy. All patients were treated with acetazolamide, and 3 received combination therapy with furosemide. Three patients were considered to have fulminant intracranial hypertension because of the severity in their presenting courses. Two of the fulminant intracranial hypertension patients were treated with a temporary lumbar drain in addition to medications, whereas 1 fulminant intracranial hypertension patient was treated exclusively with medical therapy alone. The addition of a lumbar drain decreased the time to resolution of papilledema compared to medical management alone. Final visual acuity was 20/20 in each eye of all patients, suggesting that a titrated approach to therapy depending on the severity of presentation can result in good visual outcomes in these cases. Additionally, symptoms can recur after medication wean, so patients should be monitored closely with any discontinuation of intracranial pressure lowering medications.
Impacts of Joule heating and dissipation on magnetohydrodynamic ternary-hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2/H2O) flow over an elongated sheet with Darcy–Forchheimer medium
Authors: Madiha Takreem Kottur , Satya Narayana Panyam Venkata
Published: September 2023

Thermal transfer enhancement plays a crucial role in various fields of science and engineering. The trihybrid nanofluid, which demonstrates an enriched heat transmission rate has gained increasing attention due to its pivotal role in energy transport systems, particularly in nuclear reactors, heat exchangers, etc. Stimulated by its applications, the dynamics of hydromagnetized, radiative trihybrid nanofluid [Formula: see text] in a Darcy–Forchheimer flow via an elongated sheet has been comprehensively researched in this study. The energy equation is modeled by simultaneously incorporating viscous dissipation, ohmic heating, and thermal generation/absorption, which boosts the novelty of this investigation. Through the use of similarity variables, the major controlling equations of the model are transformed into dimension-free ordinary differential equations, which are numerically handled via the bvp4c package in MATLAB. A comparative sketch is drawn between the nanofluid, hybrid nanofluid, and trihybrid nanofluid to compute the thermal efficacy. It is perceived that the thermal transfer rate of [Formula: see text] dominates over the hybrid nanofluid to a least of 2% and to a supreme of 3.2% for diverse values of magnetic parameters, while it differs between the ranges of 1.9%–3% for varying porosity parameters. The upshot of this research suggests that triple nanoparticle dispersion results in an enhanced thermal transport mechanism compared to dual and mono nanomaterial dispersion. Research presented in this article has stupendous practical value, particularly in the manufacturing and engineering sectors, which rely on the enhanced rate of thermal transmission.
Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention Among Chinese American Women: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Sheng Jingxi , Lei Hao , Wu Horng-Shiuann , Abshire Demetrius A. , Wirth Michael D. , Heiney Sue P.
Published: September 2023

Physical inactivity is a modifiable behavioral risk factor for breast cancer. Chinese American women have an increased breast cancer incidence and a low prevalence of meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations, yet little is known about their knowledge and experience regarding PA and breast cancer prevention. Given the significant cultural differences between Eastern and Western societies, effective interventions to promote PA among Chinese American women require understanding their knowledge levels regarding PA in breast cancer prevention and their PA experiences through a cultural lens. This qualitative descriptive study used virtual semi-structured individual interviews to explore Chinese American women’s knowledge and perception of PA, their understanding of the role of PA in breast cancer prevention, and influence of culture and acculturation on PA experience. Twenty-one Chinese American women residing in eight states were interviewed. Using thematic analysis, four themes emerged: A limited appreciation of the preventability of breast cancer, variability in PA perception, Chinese culture norms and lifestyles influencing PA behavior, and the influence of the process of acculturation on PA behavior. Chinese American women had a limited understanding of PA in breast cancer prevention. Chinese culture, lifestyles, and traditional Chinese medicine positively and negatively influence Chinese American women’s PA behaviors. When exposed to American culture, Chinese American women tended to adopt new PA behaviors, including increasing leisure-time PA while decreasing occupation- and transportation-related PA. Interventions to increase PA and reduce breast cancer risk among Chinese American women should address cultural factors and acculturation along with education and behavioral change strategies.
Candidate Identity and Campaign Priming: Analyzing Voter Support for Pete Buttigieg’s Presidential Run as an Openly Gay Man
Authors: Magni Gabriele , Reynolds Andrew
Published: September 2023

Pete Buttigieg’s candidacy in the 2020 Democratic primaries caught fire more than most predicted. An openly gay man, Buttigieg is also a veteran and a Christian. Did voters penalize Buttigieg for being gay and in a same-sex relationship? Did his other traits offset voter negative bias? We conducted a survey with over 6000 likely voters during the primaries. We included a priming experiment that manipulated the salience of Buttigieg’s identity traits. We then asked respondents how much they liked Buttigieg and who they would support in a match-up between Buttigieg and Trump. Overall, voters penalized Buttigieg for being in a same-sex relationship. The penalty surprisingly increased when his religiosity was highlighted. In contrast, Buttigieg’s military background mitigated voter discrimination when he was presented as a veteran married to a man. This article reveals how double standards and heterosexism penalize gay candidates, and contributes to discussions on minority candidates and electability.
Politics, Press, and the Pandemic: Analyzing the Effectiveness of a Student Journalism Project
Authors: Williams Sherri
Published: September 2023

This study examines the effectiveness of a race and reporting course–based student journalism project, a partnership between a university and a national media outlet, which aimed to center the concerns of young voters during the 2020 presidential election and expand training of student journalists. This qualitative study explains how student journalists’ training in intersectional reporting helped them to produce complex stories about diverse young voters’ presidential election concerns during one of the most unique presidential elections in American history—one held during a global health pandemic and on the heels of a racial justice uprising.
Differentiating Between Sexual Offending and Violent Non-sexual Offending in Men With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Using Machine Learning
Authors: Lau Steffen , Habermeyer Elmar , Hill Andreas , Günther Moritz P. , Machetanz Lena A. , Kirchebner Johannes , Huber David
Published: September 2023

Forensic psychiatric populations commonly contain a subset of persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) who have committed sex offenses. A comprehensive delineation of the features that distinguish persons with SSD who have committed sex offenses from persons with SSD who have committed violent non-sex offenses could be relevant to the development of differentiated risk assessment, risk management and treatment approaches. This analysis included the patient records of 296 men with SSD convicted of at least one sex and/or violent offense who were admitted to the Centre for Inpatient Forensic Therapy at the University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich between 1982 and 2016. Using supervised machine learning, data on 461 variables retrospectively collected from the records were compared with respect to their relative importance in differentiating between men who had committed sex offenses and men who had committed violent non-sex offenses. The final machine learning model was able to differentiate between the two types of offenders with a balanced accuracy of 71.5% (95% CI = [60.7, 82.1]) and an AUC of .80 (95% CI = [.67, .93]). The main distinguishing features included sexual behaviours and interests, psychopathological symptoms and characteristics of the index offense. Results suggest that when assessing and treating persons with SSD who have committed sex offenses, it appears to be relevant to not only address the core symptoms of the disorder, but to also take into account general risk factors for sexual recidivism, such as atypical sexual interests and sexual preoccupation.
Sexual Offending: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Shame, and Self-Compassion Explain the Variance in Self-Harm and Harm Towards Others?
Authors: Garbutt Kerri , Rennoldson Mike , Gregson Mick
Published: September 2023

Research investigating potential pathways from Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) to later self-harming and offending behaviours has inconsistent findings. Past research, however, has not fully explored the interplay between ACEs and modifiable psychological factors, such as shame and self-compassion. The present study explored the relationship between ACE, shame, and self-compassion to identify their role in explaining the variance in later harm in a sample of individuals who have committed sexual offences. Two hundred and fifty adults incarcerated for sexual offences participated. Multiple Regression and Mediation Analyses were applied to establish if ACE, shame and self-compassion explained the variance in harm and explore potential psychological pathways between ACE and harm, with shame and self-compassion as potential modifiable mediators. ACE, shame and self-compassion explained 55% of self-harm and 52% of psychological and physical harm variance. A more complex relationship was indicated for sexual harm, with only 19% of the variance explained by the model. The study increases our understanding of the relationship between variables and potential modifiable pathways between ACEs and later harming behaviours in a sample of individuals with sexual convictions. These modifiable psychological factors could be targeted to increase resilience, post-traumatic growth and reduce the risk of harm in later life.
The Economic Burden of Injuries in Children With ADHD in the U.S. From 2011 to 2020
Authors: Shen Jiabin , Shi Junxin , Gauthier Lynne , Li Wenjun
Published: September 2023

Objective:

Few studies have examined the economic burden of and sociodemographic disparities in injuries on families of children with ADHD on a national scale. The objective of this study was to address these literature gaps.

Methods:

Data from 7,102 children with ADHD aged 5 to 17 years in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2011 to 2020 were analyzed for national trends, annualized average, and sociodemographic disparities in injury-related medical expenditures among children with ADHD.

Results:

The national economic burden of injuries for children with ADHD has nearly doubled over the10-year period. These costs were covered by private insurance (62%), public insurance (29%), and families (9%). Asian race was associated with higher total and family expenditures while having low income and public insurance were associated with lower family expenditures.

Conclusions:

Families and society carry significant and increasing economic burdens related to injuries in children with ADHD. Sociodemographic disparities are substantial and of policy relevance.
Associations of ADHD-Risk and Motor Competence With School Functioning
Authors: Scott Hannah , Shoulberg Erin K. , Dennis Marissa , Krasner Allison , Smith Alan L. , Hoza Betsy
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

This study investigated the unique associations of motor competence and ADHD risk status on school functioning. Additionally, this study examined the factor structure of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Short Form (BOT2-SF).

Methods:

Participants included early elementary school children ( N = 202, Mage = 6.83, SD = 0.96, Male = 53.5%, ADHD-risk = 46.5%). Child assessments of motor competence and teacher and parent reports of school functioning were used.

Results:

A two-factor model of the BOT2-SF with correlated fine and gross motor factors and correlated residuals best fit the data. Fine and gross motor competence were unique positive predictors of academic performance, after accounting for the effects of ADHD-risk on academic performance. ADHD-risk was the only unique predictor of adaptive school behavior.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that assessing for ADHD and motor competence in children demonstrating school functioning problems may better allow for targeted intervention in school.
Post-Intravitreal injection pain reduction using topical NSAIDS: A comparative study
Authors: Shtayer Chen , Lily Okrent Smolar A , Elmalak Mohamad , Abayev Lena , Grzybowski Andrzej , Moisseiev Elad
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To compare the efficacy of two different topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) drops with versus without conservatives after intravitreal injections (IVIs).

Design

Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded comparative study.

Participants and method

A total of 308 eyes of 252 patients receiving an IVI of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) were randomly assigned to receive either a single drop of nepafenac 0.1%, preservative-free diclofenac 0.1%, or artificial tears (control group) immediately after IVI. Primary outcome measure was pain scores immediately, six hours and twenty-four hours post- injection.

Results

166 patients received one topical drop of NSAIDS, of which 90 in the diclofenac group and 76 in the nepafenac group. Additional 86 patients were included in the control group. Mean reported pain score was significantly lower at six hours after IVI in the preservative-free diclofenac group (17.1 ± 23.0) than in the nepafenac group (26.2 ± 31.9) and the control group (27.5 ± 29.2) (p = 0.03). At twenty-four hours post-injection there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Patients reported less pain compared to previous IVIs and none referred to urgent health care, but these findings were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

The use of topical preservative-free NSAIDs may be superior to preservative- containing NSAIDs in pain relief after IVIs and may be considered as part of the treatment protocol of this population.
Do the current MS clinical course descriptors need to change and if so how? A survey of the MS community
Authors: Thompson Alan J , Moccia Marcello , Amato Maria Pia , Calabresi Peter A , Finlayson Marcia , Hawton Annie , Lublin Fred D , Marrie Ruth Ann , Montalban Xavier , Panzara Michael , Sormani Maria Pia , Strum Jon , Vickrey Barbara G , Coetzee Timothy
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives:

The current clinical course descriptors of multiple sclerosis (MS) include a combination of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. Recently there has been a growing call to base these descriptors more firmly on biological mechanisms. We investigated the implications of proposing a new mechanism-driven framework for describing MS.

Methods:

In a web-based survey, multiple stakeholders rated the need to change current MS clinical course descriptors, the definitions of disease course and their value in clinical practice and related topics.

Results:

We received 502 responses across 49 countries. In all, 77% of the survey respondents supported changing the current MS clinical course descriptors. They preferred a framework that informs treatment decisions, aids the design and conduct of clinical trials, allows patients to understand their disease, and links disease mechanisms and clinical expression of disease. Clinical validation before dissemination and ease of communication to patients were rated as the most important aspects to consider when developing any new framework for describing MS.

Conclusion:

A majority of MS stakeholders agreed that the current MS clinical course descriptors need to change. Any change process will need to engage a wide range of affected stakeholders and be guided by foundational principles.
Japanese elementary teachers’ experiences during online professional development regarding involvement of immigrant parents in physical education
Authors: Tomura Takafumi , Sato Takahiro , Miller Ryan T , Furuta Yu
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyse Japanese elementary school teachers’ learning experiences during professional development (PD) regarding immigrant parental involvement in physical education (PE) at public schools in Japan. Based on andragogy theory, this study used an explanatory case study research design. Nine Japanese elementary teachers participated in the study. Data were collected from digital portfolios about immigrant parental involvement in PE, self-reflective journal logs, and semi-structured online interviews. Three major interrelated and complex themes were constructed from the data analysis: (a) digital portfolios as a problem-based learning tool, (b) transformative learning experience regarding communication with immigrant parents, and (c) the need for Kenshu (teacher training) for all elementary school teachers. The findings suggest that the PD focusing on immigrant parental involvement in relation to PE allowed teachers to transform their practices and perceptions in order to minimize psychological, cultural, and social distance from immigrant parents. This study may help teachers, school administrators, and researchers develop new insights and motivation to integrate the concept of immigrant parental involvement regarding PE into the PD systems of public elementary schools in order to enhance teachers’ problem-solving knowledge and skills.
A novel method for noise reduction of blade tip timing signals based on sparse representation and dictionary learning
Authors: Zheng Hua , Fang Guanyu , Duan Shiqiang , Li Hang
Published: September 2023

Blade Tip Timing Technology (BTT) is a new type of blade vibration measurement method with non-contact measurement capabilities, which is associated with high efficiency and convenience. However, due to under-sampling feature of the BTT signal, the method can only measure part of the vibration information. Therefore, various BTT spectral reconstruction algorithms have been developed based on the under-sampling feature and sparsity of the blade vibration spectrum. Because of the harsh working environment of the blades, BTT signal typically contains high-level Gaussian noise in actual measurement, which significantly reduces frequency-domain sparsity and even aliases the vibration modals, resulting in a decrease in the performance of sparse reconstruction algorithms. In this paper, a multi-sequences BTT signal noise reduction method is proposed, which is based on sparse representation to suppress Gaussian noise. Through appropriately modifying the constraint in the ℓ0 optimization problem, the method filters out the noise elements in the sparse vector of the BTT signal. Then, denoising is completed by sparse inverse transformation. Finally, a global average-based singular value decomposition dictionary learning algorithm (GA-K-SVD) is proposed to generate an over-complete sparse dictionary which is adaptable to the original signal, to increase the effectiveness of GA-K-SVD. At last, simulation and experience are carried out to verify the performance optimization effect for sparse reconstruction algorithm and the effectiveness of proposed noise reduction method.
Superhero contra butcher: Zelensky and Putin in political cartoons on Russian aggression
Authors: Semotiuk Orest
Published: September 2023

This article integrates national and international levels of political humorous discourse and proposes a multimodal analysis of the discursive dimension of the Russian–Ukrainian war and its implementation in political humour. The author analyses the distribution of supportive/subversive humour in world, Ukrainian and Russian political cartoons targeting Ukrainian President Zelensky and Russian President Putin and representing the conflict parties, with special attention to the presentation/setting. The distribution of supportive vs subversive political humour is based on an analysis of the target, focus and setting of political cartoons depicting Putin and Zelensky, and on the interaction of verbal and nonverbal elements in the cartoons. Political cartoons can be defined by their goals, frames of reference and means. These corresponding parameters (goal–target, frame of reference–focus, means-setting) as well as the correlation between self-image/external image and supportive/subversive political humour provide the analytical framework for the article.