bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"PIECES FOR KIDS" ("PIECES POUR ENFANTS") by E. DENISOV
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Krivopalova Veronica ,   Tomsk College of Music named after E.V. Denisov, Kharlamova Olga ,   Tomsk Music College named after E.V. Denisov
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the specifics of children's music on the example of the collection "Pieces for Kids" by Edison Denisov. The authors use the example of the analysis of the musical language of this collection to define the specifics of music for kids of the second half of the twentieth century in general and some features of the author's style of Denisov in particular. Despite the traditional nature of the chosen means of musical expression, based on the basic principles of tonal organization (functionality, connection between harmony and form creation, etc.), the pieces sound very fresh and modern. This explains the fact that the pieces in the collection are difficult to enter into the pedagogical repertoire. At the same time, the composer expands the tonality by means of various types of major-minor (of the same name, parallel, one-point), and also uses the means of chromatic tonality. Updating the musical language is associated with updating the chord. Denisov uses not only chords of the third structure, but also fourth, second chords and accords. The modal structure of the pieces is also diverse. Along with major and minor, the collection contains examples of using a natural diatonic modes.
Recan: R-based tool for detection of recombination in viral genomes v2
Authors: Pavelko Vasily
Published: February 2021

Recan is an R version of the Python library that allows the identification of recombination events through construction and exploration of similarity plots based on genetic distances between nucleotide sequences. After porting I validated this package using sequences of viruses with previously identified recombitations. During benchmarking both versions demonstrated the same execution time. To benchmark the packages we selected the same four sets of viral genomes used in the Python version of recan (Babin, 2020).
Protein A- Protein A Sandwich ELISA v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel
Published: February 2021

This ELISA was used to study Staphylococcal protein-A (SpA) interactions with various mammalian and avian immunoglobulins.
Geçmişten günümüze Türkiye’deki endüstriyel ağaçlandırma çalışmalarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ERKAN Neşat
Published: February 2021

Ormancılık sektörünün önemli bileşenlerinden birisi de orman endüstri kuruluşlarıdır. Bu kuruluşların hammadde ihtiyacı sektörün önemli faaliyet alanlarından birisidir. Nitekim ülkemizde orman endüstri kuruluşlarının çoğalması ve büyümesi ile birlikte artan hammadde ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması için 1960 lı yıllardan itibaren özel çabalar başlatılmıştır. İzmit’te Kavakcılık Araştırma Enstitüsü’nün kurulması ile başlayan bu çabalar bazı hızlı büyüyen ağaç türlerinin ithal edilmesi, araştırma denemelerinin kurulması ve plot uygulamaların yapılması ile devam etmiştir. Daha sonra 1971, 1982, 1998 ve 2003 yıllarında düzenlenen bilimsel toplantılarla konu derinlemesine analiz edilmiş ve endüstriyel ağaçlandırmaların başlatılması ile ilgili ciddi kararlar alınmış, ancak bu kararlar 2012 yılına kadar tam anlamıyla uygulamaya geçirilememiştir. Konu ile ilgili en önemli uygulama Orman Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından hazırlanan ve 2013-2023 dönemini kapsayan “Endüstriyel Ağaçlandırma Çalışmaları Eylem Planı” ile hayata geçirilmiştir. Ancak bu konuda, özellikle bilinç eksikliğinden kaynaklanan ve halen yaşanmakta olan sorunlar vardır. Bu çalışma ile ülkemizde endüstriyel ağaçlandırma çalışmalar konusunda yaşanan süreç değerlendirilmiş ve mevcut sorunlar ile ilgili öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Produção e qualidades físico-químicas do mamão do grupo ‘solo’ conduzido em diferentes ambientes de proteção em sistema orgânico
Authors: Peres Martelleto Luiz Aurélio , Martelleto Mariluci Sudo , Vaz André Felipe de Sousa , Antunes Luiz Fernando de Sousa
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi acompanhar a influência de diferentes tipos de ambiente de cultivo protegido na produção e qualidade dos frutos do mamoeiro. Para tanto, construíram-se três tipos de estruturas de proteção contíguas: (i) estufa, (ii) estufa sombreada e (iii) telado (‘sombrite’), ao lado de uma área de (iv) ambiente natural, a pleno sol, os quais representaram os tratamentos. Mensalmente, ao longo de um ano, colheram-se frutos em cada ambiente e avaliou-se: as severidades da mancha fisiológica do mamoeiro (MFM), da varíola e o teor de sólidos solúveis; e ainda, a cada estação do ano, mediram-se o comprimento, o calibre e a espessura da polpa dos mesmos. Para efeito de análise de variância, foram considerados quatro blocos por tratamento (ambiente de cultivo), procedendo-se a “análise conjunta de experimentos”. Os resultados apontaram que em ambientes protegidos, sobretudo naquele coberto com plástico, colhem-se mais frutos e estes são menos acometidos pelas doenças: Varíola e MFM. Os ambientes protegidos, comparados ao ambiente natural, promoveram reduções da varíola nos frutos na ordem de: 60,4%, 57,4% e 37,9%, respectivamente, na estufa, na estufa sombreada e no telado. Os níveis de luminosidades e de temperaturas médias, nas faixas registradas, respectivamente, de 622 a 1857 mmoles.cm-2.s-1 e limites de 19,2 a 34,8 ºC, têm forte correlação positiva com a severidade da MFM e da varíola. O maior sombreamento influencia no comprimento, calibre e espessura de polpa sendo que no inverno e primavera colhem-se frutos com polpa mais espessa. Na estufa e na estação de verão os frutos são mais arredondados. Frutos produzidos em estufa apresentam maiores teores de sólidos solúveis totais.
Практические рекомендации по лекарcтвенному лечению мелкоклеточного рака легкого
Authors: Чубенко В. А. , Бычков М. Б. , Деньгина Н. В. , Кузьминов А. Е. , Сакаева Д. Д. , Семенова А. И.
Published: March 2021

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Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению почечноклеточного рака
Authors: Носов Д. А. , Алексеев Б. Я. , Волкова М. И. , Гладков О. А. , Попов А. М. , Харкевич Г. Ю.
Published: March 2021

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Do patients contact their primary care providers before coming to the ER?
Authors: Ware Kaleb , Noell Josey , Wisser Layla , Ware Katelyn , Pang Peter
Published: March 2021

Background and Hypothesis:
High emergency room (ER) use is considered a healthcare failure. Societal and healthcare structural hurdles are blamed for high ER utilization. One proposed solution is improving healthcare accessability; by having a primary care physician (PCP). With a PCP, patients may avoid utilizing the ER. Whether patients, who have a PCP, attempted to contact their PCP is not well known. Our objective: do patients who self-report having a PCP report attempting to contact their PCP prior to visiting the ER.
Experimental Design or Project Methods:
This was a prospective, convenience survey, of low acuity ED patients from two academic, level 1 trauma centers in Indianapolis. After providing verbal consent, eligible patients were prompted by research staff, who verbally administered the survey and recorded the answers. Data were entered into a secure, HIPAA compliant database [REDCap] and the study was approved by the IRB. Demographic questions included patient’s physician(s), mode of transportation to the ER, income, and habitation status. Baseline characteristics are analyzed with the statistical program SAS, reporting frequencies and proportions.
Results:
Of the 188 ER patients approached for the study, 144 (77.4%) participated. 49.3% of participants were under the age of 50, and 94 (65.3%) were female. 49 (34.5%) reported being racially white, with 86 (59.7%) declaring to be African American. Over 2/3rds of these patients, 72, had a yearly household income of 50,000 or less. 102 (70.8%) patients affirmed having a PCP, with 61 (59.8%) of that group reporting annual PCP visits. In the group stating annual PCP visits, only 23 (38%) attempted to contact their physician before arriving at the ED.
Conclusion:
Based from our survey, it appears that our study population shows a lack of utilization of their PCPs, particularly lower acuity patients, before utilizing the ER. Future work could be done to better identity reasons and trends behind this.
Fe(III)-Aqua Complex Mediated Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye
Authors:   the Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh, Nawar Ashfeen , Rahman Md. Ataur , Hossain Md. Mufazzal
Published: February 2021

Industrialization in the current times has become extremely rapid. Some of these industries are responsible for discharging dye-containing wastewater into natural water bodies and hence causing environmental deterioration. The purpose of this research is to investigate an inexpensive and easy-to-set-up photodegradation process for the mineralization of methylene blue (MB) dye. The optimum conditions required for maximum degradation of the dye were explored by varying different experimental parameters such as the initial concentration of Fe(III) and dye, pH of the reaction mixture, nature of light sources, and intensity of ultraviolet (UV) light. Approximately 97% photodegradation of methylene blue was recorded at pH 2.30 for the optimum concentration of MB of 3.00 × 10−5 M and Fe(III) aqueous solution of 8.00 × 10−4 M when irradiated under UV light of intensity 3.31 × 10−9 Ein cm−3 s−1. Under sunlight, with similar experimental conditions, 73% degradation of the dye was achieved. This is an environment-friendly, efficient, and low-cost degradation process of methylene blue.
Role of home monitoring with iCare ONE rebound tonometer in glaucoma patients management
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel, Rosenfeld Eldar , Barequet Dana ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel, Mimouni Michael ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Affiliated to Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel, Fischer Naomi ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel, Kurtz Shimon ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel
Published: February 2021

AIM: To evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements and fluctuations using the iCare ONE rebound tonometer (RT-ONE), during home monitoring, in diagnosed and suspected glaucoma patients.
METHODS: A retrospective case series of consecutive patients with known glaucoma or glaucoma suspects who were followed-up and treated between January 2016 and January 2017. The study included 80 eyes of 40 patients with a mean age of 59.1±14.6y (range, 24-78). All patients have undergone 4-5d of IOP home monitoring with RT-ONE at morning, noon, afternoon, and night time.
RESULTS: Baseline mean IOP, as measured in the clinic (8 a.m.-12 p.m.), was 17.4±5.1 mm Hg, compared to RT-ONE home monitoring mean IOP of 15.6±4.1 mm Hg (P=0.002). Mean IOP was significantly lower at noon, afternoon and night times compared to clinic measured IOP and morning measurements (P=0.005). IOP peak measured during home monitoring was significantly higher compared to the clinic measured IOP (21.3±5.6 mm Hg and 17.4±5.1 mm Hg, P<0.001). IOP peaks during home monitoring demonstrated a majority of 47 peaks during morning measurements, compared to 23 at noon, 19 at afternoon and only 12 at night (P<0.001). The home monitoring results led to treatment modification of 44 eyes (55%), treatment regime was insufficient for 40 (50%) eyes.
CONCLUSION: Home monitoring IOP with RT-ONE can provide good assessment of mean IOP, IOP fluctuations and peaks throughout the hours of the day, which lead to an accurate treatment for glaucoma patients.
Test Case Prioritization Approach for Sequence of Events Using Complexity Factor
Authors: Jaâ€™afar Emyreema , Hassan Saâ€™adah , Baharom Salmi , Ahmad Johanna
Published: February 2021

Test case prioritization (TCP) is a method to prioritize and schedule test cases. Some approaches have been introduced to minimize the time, cost, and effort for testing the software based on the test cases that are higher priority. Since the more complex the software program, the more intensive the test should be carried out. Thus, complexity is one of the factors that affect the effectiveness of the test case prioritization. However, the existing approaches for measuring complexity have some limitations. This is due to inaccuracy in finding the weightage value for complexity as the value is useful to determine the test case prioritization. Consequently, a complexity metric measurement is needed to determine the weightage value. Hence, this paper presents work on TCP using complexity factors to enhance the accuracy in prioritizing the test cases for event sequences. This work uses Branch Coverage Expectation (BCE) for complexity measurement, in which BCE has been proven its usefulness empirically in the previous research. The event-weightage value based on the complexity is then assigned and used to prioritize the test cases while the Average Percentage of Fault Detected (APFD) metric is used to evaluate the proposed approach. A tool has been developed to ease the process as well as to facilitate the evaluation purposes. The results show the need to combine the complexity factor with other factors to improve the proposed TCP's effectiveness.
Characterization of Fire Severity in the Moroccan Rif Using Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Satellite Images
Authors: Zidane Issam Eddine , Lhissou Rachid , Ismaili Maryem , Manyari Yassine , Bouli Abdelali , Mabrouki Mustapha
Published: February 2021

Forest ecosystems are exposed increasingly to a variety of human activities and accentuated by climate change. With its Mediterranean climate, Northern Morocco is very hot, which exposes forests to widespread fires. This work aims at the delineation of wildfires and the spectral characterization of burnt vegetation as well as the characterization of the fire severity in the North of Morocco by using Landsat-8, Sentinel-2 spectral data, and topographic data. The methods used include the derivation of wildfires spectral indices and the computation of topographic parameters (elevation, slope, exposure) from SRTM and PALSAR digital elevation models. Then, the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classification was used to map forest fires' severity. Furthermore, we have compared the severity classes obtained from the SAM method applied to Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 data, with different spectral indices specialized in detecting wildfires, on the one hand, and topographic data, on the other hand. Results showed that MIRBI and NBR indices allow a better characterization of burned areas than BAI index. For its part, SAM classification provides a fair characterization of the severity classes of burnt forests. It has also been shown that the MIRBI index and sun exposure are strongly correlated with severity classes. The obtained maps show the spatial heterogeneity of burns severity and how they interact with topography. These maps may help land resource managers and fire officials predict areas of potential fire hazards and study vegetation regrowth areas after fires.
Transmit-Receive Subarrays for MIMO Radar Array Antenna
Authors: Tahcfulloh Syahfrizal
Published: February 2021

The phased multiple-input multiple-output (PMIMO) radar uses subarrays in transmit array that overlap one another to exploit the main advantage of the phased array (PA) radar, i.e., high directional coherent gain, and the main advantage of the MIMO radar, i.e., high waveform diversity gain. This paper has derived the radar formula that utilizes overlapping subarrays on transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) array simultaneously called the transmit-receive subarrays of MIMO (TRSM) radar. The use of overlapping subarrays in Tx-Rx establishes the TRSM radar has high flexibility to configure the number of Tx-Rx subarrays that use the performance of all the gains simultaneously, so that produce Tx-Rx beampattern and signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) more than those achieved by PMIMO radars. The approach aims to overcome the beam shape loss, increase the transmit-receive gain, minimize the maximum peak sidelobe levels, narrow the half-power beamwidth, increase directivity, and increase SINR. The effectiveness of this radar's performance is compared to the PMIMO radar in various methods such as equal subarrays, unequal subarrays, and optimum partitioning, the PA, and the MIMO radar. The numerical simulation and evaluation results show that the proposed radar has several advantages such as lowest the peak sidelobe level, narrow the half-power beamwidth, and high directivity, so it is very resilient to interferences on target locations. The effect of the number of subarrays as a function of performance parameters on the Tx-Rx array that is ready to adjust to the detected target conditions is also presented.
Factors Affecting the Productivity of Swampy Land Rice Farming and Its Contribution to Household Income
Authors: Thony Ak Agoes , Purba Yudhi Zuriah Wirya , Daud Faisal
Published: February 2021

Indonesia's national agriculture strategy is to increase farming production through optimizing wetland farming, particularly in swampy land. However, the main problem is the labor allocation and productivity and its impact on swampy land farmers' total household income. This research aims to analyze: 1) the productivity and income of swampy land rice farming, 2) the Factors affecting the productivity of swampy land rice farming, and 3) the contribution of income from swampy land rice farming to the household income. This research was conducted in Awal Terusan village of Sirah Pulau Padang District in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, Indonesia. By applying a disproportionate stratified random sampling, 90 sample farmers drawn from the population of both farmer-group and non-farmer-group members in the area. The result showed that the average productivity of swampy land rice farming of the farmer-group members was 2,741.45 kg, and the non-farmer-group members were 3,097.08 kg per hectare per year. On average, the farmer-group members' income was IDR 12,459,222.23, and the non-farmer-group members were IDR 10,662,689.58 per hectare per year. The result of multiple linear regression of Cobb Douglas type showed that the farming area's variables, outside labor, and institutional factors were significantly affecting the productivity of swampy land rice farming; meanwhile, the variable of family labor was insignificant. The contribution of income from swampy land rice farming to household income was categorized as low, subsequently for the farmer-group members of 20.54 percent and the non-farmer-group members of 13.83 percent.
A Review on Spatial Technologies for Enhancing Malaria Control: Concepts, Tools, and Challenges
Authors: Alfred Rayner , Obit Joe Henry
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a review of numerous studies conducted on spatial technologies, tools, and applications for controlling malaria epidemiology. This paper mainly focuses on using statistical or machine learning-based models and geographic information science (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technology for monitoring malaria disease outbreaks. The literature review includes all articles obtained from journals and conference proceedings published from 2000 through 2020 in Scopus indexed databases (e.g., Elsevier, Springer, IEEE eXplore, ACM, Wiley, and PubMed). We completed this systematic literature review using “Enhancing Malaria Control,” “GIS and Malaria Control” and “Spatial Technologies for Monitoring Malaria Disease Outbreaks” search terms. We found a total of 188 articles published in peer-reviewed journals listed in the Scopus indexed databases. After a detailed review, 152 articles were excluded because they did not meet our inclusion criteria; 36 articles were selected for the final evaluation. Several concepts and tools related to GIS applications in monitoring the malaria outbreak's spread is discussed. The discussion is categorized into four categories: a) Application of Spatial Technologies, b) Applications of Machine Learning Algorithms, c) Applying Multiple Sources of Data, and d) Applications of Smartphone Technologies. A spatial technologies framework for enhancing malaria monitoring is also proposed where it identifies the role of spatial technologies and applications in monitoring malaria disease outbreaks. The paper is concluded by providing some of the main challenges related to the issues in controlling the spread of malaria disease outbreaks.
GIS Analysis for Flood Problem in the Big City: A Case Study in Pekanbaru City, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Kausarian Husnul , Suryadi Adi , Susilo - , Sumantyo Josaphat Tetuko Sri , Batara -
Published: February 2021

Pekanbaru City, Riau Province, Indonesia located at 0°25'29.20"- 0°39'15.22" N and 101°20'43.39"- 101°34'25.60" E. This research aims to study the common causes of flooding in Pekanbaru city with a good geological condition. Research in the flood area of the city of Pekanbaru using primary and secondary data; geological, geomorphological, rainfall, and land use data. Information about this earth system combined with geographic information system (GIS) analysis using a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) / drones including Geographic Positioning Systems (GPS) combined with online coordinate systems that can help spatial analysis to determine the level of vulnerability of flood disasters by producing a visual mapping model. The study shows that 4 locations were found vulnerable to being affected by flooding when it rained. The flood impact in those areas happened because those locations are in a geomorphological system with a low topographic area, the natural river system that controls the water to the main river, and a poor water escape-system / drainage. The geomorphological analysis showed two geomorphological units, i.e., lowland denudational and lowland structural with river flow-pattern that is dendritic, sub-dendritic, and parallel. Rainfall is quite high in 2018 with 2621.5 mm and caused flood-prone areas, which are divided into three categories: Non-vulnerable area (64.575%), Medium Vulnerable area (23,386%), and Vulnerable area (12,039%) from the entire of the research area.
Developing Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) Screening Based on Android Applications
Authors: Sarli Desi , Said Faridah Mohd , Ameen Ali , Gunawan Imam
Published: February 2021

Maternal Mortality Rates (MMR) in Indonesia are still relatively high and not yet to reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target of MMR in 2014 of 133/100,000 live births. One of MMR's causes is due to 3 delays, namely the delay in the introduction of danger signs and decisions, new arrivals at health facilities, and delays in service at health facilities. For prevention purpose, a Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) screening application are needed. This application aims to do labor planning and determine the risk of pregnancy so that the mother is ready to face the risk of complications at delivery. This research method uses a prototype method of designing and building applications. For testing this application, researchers conducted a BPCR screening test on 30 pregnant women. Then the data is tested for validity and reliability using sensitivity and specificity tests. This study's results can display the main page application, Birth Preparedness of the Application, Complication Readiness of the Application. The Result of BPCR of the Application. This application has been tested for validity and reliability by using a sensitivity test of 83% to determine the high/moderate risk of pregnancy that experiences complications during labor. At the same time, the specificity test was 77.78% to determine the low risk of pregnancy that did not experience difficulties during labor.
Evaluation of Attention and Concentration Using Mobile Computing
Authors: Garay-Jiménez Laura-Ivoone , Ruiz Ledesma Elena Fabiola , Carmona-García Enrique , Gutiérrez Asucena Lozano , Shejet Feggy Ostrosky
Published: February 2021

The educational trend toward personalized learning requires the teacher to monitor the learning process continuously. This article presents mobile computing to administer a battery of cognitive tests based on a standard neuropsychological assessment of attention and concentration derived from Neuropsi ©. Currently, specialists perform this test by observing, measuring time, and taking notes of the process to obtain the final scores. Considering the use of this test as an assessment of students' cognitive abilities in a class, the time required for application and evaluation is a challenge itself. As for overcoming this difficulty, the process has been automated through the development of software. The goal is to provide the test to several users simultaneously on their own mobile devices. Then, it is evaluated both attention and concentration on the subject during the solution of the exercises. Variants of the exercises were provided to extent the Neuropsi options. All the collected information is stored on a server. Moreover, the system provides individual and group profiles to the evaluator, such as a teacher or instructor. Likewise, the provided compendium allows the specialist to identify changes in attention and concentration performance and supports their additional recommendations, as well as to go in deep in the research of the cognitive process providing an initial condition evaluation. This work proved that the concept raised by software specialists, designers, and psychologists is feasible into an interdisciplinary team.
The Correlation Model between Microclimates and Potato Plant Growth
Authors: Iriany Aniek , Iriany Atiek , Sulistyono Agus Dwi
Published: February 2021

Mulch in vegetable crops will provide a good growing environment for plants because it can reduce evaporation, prevent direct exposure to excessive sunlight to land, and maintain soil humidity for the plant to absorb water and nutrients optimally. The use of plastic mulch, especially silver, black plastic mulch in vegetable production with high economic value, is continuously increasing in line with the increasing needs and consumers’ demand for vegetable products. Various studies have shown that mulch can increase crop yields, improve crop quality, and ultimately improve farming efficiency. This study aimed to determine the relationship between microclimate and potato growth due to the use of different mulch types. The research method uses an experimental design using a random group design. The study was conducted in the District of Bumiaji, Batu city, East Java, Indonesia. Observations were made for climate components, namely air temperature, soil temperature, the radiation received by a crop canopy, and reflected radiation by the soil's surface. Simultaneously, the measured growth variables were the plant's height, the number of leaves, the leaves' width, stem diameter, and the stover's dry weight. This study showed that silver-black-plastic mulch provides the highest growth of potato compared to other treatments. The use of silver-black plastic mulch lowers the soil's temperature, maintains soil moisture, and increases the PAR above the plant canopy.
The Causality Model of Maize Farmers’ Income: Integrating Social Capital, Supply Chain, and Competitive Advantage
Authors: Karim Ikawati , Wulandari Eliana , Arsal Ariady , Mandasari Nur Fitriayu
Published: February 2021

Social capital structure, effective supply chain, and competitive advantage have been expected to increase maize farmers’ income. Maize, as a main income, has not been able to prosper farmers yet. Structural Equation Modelling was applied to analyze the effectiveness of social capital, supply chain, and competitive advantage on the maize farmers’ income. This study was conducted with 120 maize farmers as samples in one of Indonesia's maize production centers. Three indicators measure each variable. Social capital indicators are trust, social network, and norm; supply chain is the flow of goods, flow of information, and flow of capital; the competitive advantage is cost leadership, product differentiation, and focus.  Furthermore, the indicators of farmers’ income are land area, production, and labor. The study revealed that social capital did not directly impact maize farmers' income by the test variables of social capital, supply chain, and competitive advantage. In this case, in increasing maize farmers’ income, social capital needs to be supported by supply chain and competitive advantage as intervening variables. The study further revealed that social capital significantly affected the supply chain and competitive advantage, in which these two variables significantly influenced maize farmers’ income. Moreover, supply chain and competitive advantage have reinforced social capital to increase maize farmers’ income. From the intervening variables, competitive advantage was more vital to reinforce social capital than supply chain in increasing maize farmers’ income.
Framing right-wing populist satire: The case-study of Ghisberto’s cartoons	in Italy
Authors: Polli Chiara , Berti Carlo
Published: February 2021

Abstract Over the last few years, right-wing populism has increased its popularity and political weight, successfully merging with Euro-scepticism, nationalism, xenophobia, religious symbolism, and aggressive forms of conservatism (e.g., anti-feminism, homophobia, and, in general, patriarchal politics). Several studies have focused on the communication strategies of contemporary populism, examining the latter’s use of traditional and new media. So far, however, little attention has been paid to the role and language of right-wing populist satire. Our study draws on the ideational approach to populism to explore how right-wing populism is expressed in satirical cartoons. This approach perceives populism as a thin-centered ideology, based on a Manichean division between ‘good people’ and ‘evil elites,’ which regularly combines with other ideological components (e.g., nationalism, Euroscepticism, xenophobia). Our analysis focuses on the Italian cartoonist Ghisberto, known for his provocative and frequently controversial work. We examine a sample of Ghisberto’s vignettes using multimodal analysis tools and Greimas’s notion of isotopy. The aim is to investigate how right-wing populist satire constructs its different targets (the EU, left-wingers, migrants, NGOs, women, etc.) and how populist ideology exploits cartoons’ communicative resources and power.
Irish on the walls: the branding of a language
Authors: Rava Gabrielle
Published: February 2021

By the time the Belfast City Council launched a new logo in 2007, rebranding Belfast had become a central issue. The symbolic center of Belfast, the City Council building, presents itself as a post-modern and fully globalized space, neutralizing the memory of an area stigmatized by decades-long violence known as The Troubles. Like other cities with a traumatic past, such as Berlin, Belfast tries to promote itself as a modern and lively place, well aware of the importance of exploiting memory as a tourist attraction. The article examines the Irish language’s resemantization in Belfast, particularly in the Gaeltacht quarter area, during and after The Troubles. Based on a paper by Siun Carden (2017), the article tries to connect the core of the author’s observations to language’s phatic function. The idea is that the contemporary branding of Irishness through the use of the Irish language on Belfast’s murals works as an effective mythomoteur, a concept comparable to the mythe projectif elaborated by Bertrand (2019) in the case of Paris’s rebranding.
One word to rule them all: ‘Civic-mindedness’ and Danish Prime Minister Frederiksen’s Nationalist Covid-19 rhetoric
Authors: Villadsen Lisa
Published: February 2021

The essay is a case study critically engaging the Danish Prime Minister’s rhetorical leadership during the early phase of the COVID-19 crisis. Through conceptually oriented rhetorical criticism of a series of press conference speeches given by the PM, the essay demonstrates how her rhetorical leadership in the early stages of the corona crisis relied on communitarian appeals couched in nationalistic terms whereby contributing to stopping the spread of the virus gradually became inscribed in a Social Democratic narrative about community and solidarity and which eventually was presented as part and parcel of an essential ‘Danishness.’ The argument is that the PM’s speeches successfully framed the national response to the epidemic as just that, a national or even nationalistic response. Analysis of the salient phrases ‘standing together by keeping apart’, ‘civic-mindedness,’ and ‘taking care of Denmark’ inform the characterization of the PM’s rhetorical strategy and its ideological underpinnings. The term ‘civic-mindedness,’ specifically, was used as a short-hand referent for all the government’s instructions, advice, and admonitions to change the public’s behavior, and functioned as a guideline for the people in Denmark regarding their understanding of and reactions to the corona epidemic. One word to capture many words, and one word to guide, even rule, a people.
Formação de trabalhadores da educação
Authors: Barros Maria Elizabeth Barros de , Muniz Helder Pordeus
Published: March 2021

O artigo aborda a experiência de um programa de formação realizado num município da região Sudeste do Brasil no campo da educação pública. O programa vislumbrou processos formativos no e pelo trabalho com o objetivo de implantar Comissões de Saúde do Trabalhador nas Escolas. Teve como pressupostos ético-epistemológicos a ergologia, formulada por Yves Schwartz, o conceito de saúde de Georges Canguilhem e a Pedagogia da Alternância como método estruturador do processo formativo. Visou conjugar formação-pesquisa-intervenção, com destaque para a experiência dos trabalhadores nas escolas. A experiência indicou a importância de se desenvolverem metodologias de pesquisa que ressaltem o conhecimento produzido pelos trabalhadores.
Tecnologias, múltiplas linguagens e práticas pedagógicas na formação superior a distância
Authors: Garbin Mônica Cristina , Oliveira Édison Trombeta de
Published: March 2021

O uso de tecnologias na educação deve considerar as especificidades da área do conhecimento para, então, propor a demanda de seu uso pedagógico (SHULMAN, 1986; 1987; KOEHLER; MISHRA, 2005; 2008; OLIVEIRA; PICONEZ, 2016).  Na Educação a Distância (EaD), os processos, metodologias e materiais costumam ser bastante padronizados, por questões de tempo e custos de produção. O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar as práticas pedagógicas na EaD consideradas adequadas às áreas de conhecimento, considerando a visão de professores, alunos e mediadores. Para tanto, está em desenvolvimento uma pesquisa institucional em uma universidade pública virtual no Estado de São Paulo, que propõe o desenvolvimento de um modelo de oferta de disciplinas considerando as especificidades de cada área do conhecimento, tendo como base a tabela da Capes. Assim, após a organização das disciplinas ofertadas na instituição de acordo com as áreas do conhecimento, foram realizados grupos focais e aplicação de questionários com o público da universidade, para o levantamento das práticas pedagógicas mais adequadas para cada área. Será proposto um conjunto de práticas pedagógicas para cada área e espera-se que uma nova definição de modelo de oferta de disciplinas, com a participação de toda a comunidade acadêmica, gere possibilidades acordadas ao modelo pedagógico adotado pela instituição e que também sirvam de parâmetro inclusive para outras instituições, além de promover a melhoria da organização interna da instituição no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos.
"Ver o que temos diante do nariz exige uma luta constante"
Authors: Cruz Junior Gilson
Published: March 2021

Este ensaio tem como objetivo discutir as interfaces entre pós-verdade e cultura digital, refletindo sobre algumas das implicações formativas advindas desse vínculo. Por intermédio desse esforço foi possível vislumbrar a complexidade do fenômeno, que se dilui pelas esferas da política, economia, psicologia, comunicação e epistemologia. Dentre os atores inseridos neste território, destacam-se as fake news, a pós-modernidade, o negacionismo científico, a propaganda, os filtros-bolha, o capitalismo de vigilância e os vieses cognitivos. Por fim, constata-se que os principais desafios educacionais nesse cenário convergem para a reconstituição e o fortalecimento da prática cidadã alinhada aos princípios republicanos e democráticos.
Problematic Covid-19 vaccine trials in times of vaccine nationalism
Authors: Ravinetto Raffaella
Published: March 2021

Thanks to an impressive R&D effort, three vaccines for Covid-19 have been conditionally approved by stringent regulators as of February 2021, and sixteen have entered the WHO evaluation process. However, they all need to keep on being evaluated in clinical trials. The WHO Ad Hoc Expert Group on the Next Steps for Covid-19 Vaccine suggested that countries with limited or no access to an effective vaccine could ethically permit placebo-controlled trials, even if effective vaccines were already being marketed elsewhere. Here, I argue that inclusion in a placebo-controlled trial is ethically sound for those who would be in any case ineligible for vaccination outside the trial, and as long as the access to the vaccine outside the trial depends on a transparent and just allocation framework. Conversely, carrying out placebo-controlled studies in countries where vaccines are not (or are insufficiently) available because of unequal global allocation, would be unethical, as an ethical strategy cannot be built on an unethical premise.
Chitosan from crabs (Scylla Serrata) Represses Hepato-renal Dysfunctions in Rats via Modulation of CD43 and p53 Expression in High Fat Diet-induced Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Ugbaja Regina Ngozi , Ogungbemi Kunle , James Adewale Segun , Ayodele Peter Folorunsho , Abolade Olanrewaju Samuel , Ajamikoko Stella , Atayese Eniola Olapeju , Adedeji Omowunmi Victoria
Published: March 2021

Hepato-renal dysfunctions associated with hyperlipidemia necessitates continuous search for natural remedies. This study thus, evaluated the effect of dietary chitosan on diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Thirty male Wistar rats (90 ± 5.2) g were randomly allotted into six (6) groups (n=5): Normal diet, High-fat diet (HFD), Normal diet + 5% chitosan. The three other groups received HFD, supplemented with 1%-, 3%-, and 5% of chitosan. The feeding lasted for 8 weeks, after which the rats were sacrificed. The liver and kidneys were harvested for Analyses. Hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and renal biomarkers (ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine) were assayed spectrophotometrically. Additionally, expression of hepatic and renal CD43 and p53 was estimated immunohistochemically. Hyperlipidemia caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the hepatic (AST, ALT, and ALP) and renal (AST and ALT) activities, while renal urea and creatinine increased. Furthermore, the HFD group showed an elevated level of hepatic and renal CD43 while p53 expression decreased. However, groups supplemented with chitosan showed improved hepatic and renal biomarkers, as well as corrected the aberrations in the expressions of p53 and CD43. Conclusively, dietary chitosan could effectively improve kidney and liver functionality via abatement of inflammatory responses.
Cortical activity at different time scales: high‐pass filtering separates motor planning and execution
Authors: Eriksson David , Heiland Mona , Schneider Artur , Diester Ilka
Published: March 2021

The smooth conduction of movements requires simultaneous motor planning and execution according to internal goals. So far it is not known how such movement plans can be modified without being distorted by ongoing movements. Previous studies have isolated planning and execution related neuronal activity by separating behavioral planning and movement periods in time by sensory cues1–7. Here, we introduced two novel tasks in which motor planning developed intrinsically. We separated this continuous self-paced motor planning statistically from motor execution by experimentally minimizing the repetitiveness of the movements. Thereby, we found that in the rat sensorimotor cortex, neuronal motor planning processes evolved with slower dynamics than movement related responses both on a sorted unit and population level. The fast evolving neuronal activity preceded skilled forelimb movements while it coincided with movements in a locomotor task. We captured this fast evolving movement related activity via a high-pass filter approach and confirmed the results with optogenetic stimulations. As biological mechanism underlying such a high pass filtering we suggest neuronal adaption. The differences in dynamics combined with a high pass filtering mechanism represents a simple principle for concurrent motor planning and execution in which planning will result in relatively slow dynamics that will not produce movements.
The Relationship between Children’s Oral Health Habits and the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in the Capital governorate, Kuwait
Authors: Boodai Hanan Abdulawahab , Elsalhy Mohamad , Alsumait Aisha , Ariga Jitendra , Al-sharbati Marwan
Published: March 2021

Background: The promotion of healthy oral practices during early stages of growth can have a positive impact on the psychology, personality and thus holistic health of individual for entire life. Assessment of determinants of oral health habits and their impact on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) may serve as an important instrument to articulate the conventional oral health policy framework, thereby ameliorating the overall health of young individuals in the long term. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between children’s oral health habits and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among a random students’ sample in the capital governorate, Kuwait. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 607 students, aged 12-14 years, selected randomly from the Capital in Kuwait. Collection of behavioural data was done using the validated English and Arabic Oral Health and OHRQoL CPQ12-14 following prior informed consent of parents/guardians of students enrolled in the study by trained interviewers. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0 and using Shapiro- Wilks test for the determination of continuous variables for normal distribution along with frequency and percentage distribution determined the categorical variables in the form of oral health behaviours interpreted as non-fractional numerical scores. Chi-square, t-tests and ANOVA were used to evaluate the variation pattern in oral health among the subjects to determine the association of oral behaviours with child OHRQoL. Results: About 52.2% subjects were males and the overall response rate was 93.8%. The mean for total OHRQoL impact was 3.1 while the total mean for individual domains- for oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being and social well-being were 2.89, 2.89, 3.1 & 3.4, respectively. There was no significant difference in total OHRQoL impact score by frequency of last dental visit, flossing, use of mouth rinse or chewing gum but for the overall OHRQoL, frequency of soft drink intake was the only significant predictor associated with 0.2-unit decrease in total OHRQoL scores. Conclusions: Though excess soft drink consumption was related to poorer OHRQoL and an unhealthier lifestyle yet research towards behaviour changing interventions based on OHRQoL inferences coupled with clinical intervention are warranted.
Building an Integrative and Testable Hypothesis on How Edaphic Factors Ultimately Influence the Occurrence and Quality of Ophiocordyceps Sinensis, the Vegetable Caterpillar
Authors: Deng Xi-Ling , Yang Kong , Favre Adrien
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe yield of commercially harvested “vegetable caterpillar” Ophiocordyceps sinensis has dramatically plummeted in the last few decades, while market demand has increased. Besides controlling the obvious overexploitation of this species, understanding how edaphic factors influence this system may improve the chances of successful cultivation and thus support the conservation of O. sinensis in the wild. Our study investigates how the presence/absence and the quality of O. sinensis may be linked to a series of edaphic factors pertinent to its microhabitat, including enzyme activity, nutrients, moisture, pH and nematode population. In order to provide a preliminary hypothesis on the relationships among edaphic factors and their influence on O. sinensis, we performed a principal component analysis and structural equation modelling despite limited replication. ResultsSoil samples containing O. sinensis were more moist and contained a higher concentration of nutrients and enzyme activity than control samples collected nearby, where the species was absent. Preliminary analyses indicated that enzyme activity may be crucial and appeared to be affected by a number of other soil factors. We found that O. sinensis would occupy microhabitats with a relatively higher soil fertility and a more persistent enzyme activity, where the values of total nitrogen and catalase are especially important. Otherwise, with the exception of organic matter and enzyme activity, mean values did not suggest any other factors potentially corresponding to a better quality of O. sinensis.ConclusionsBased on these preliminary findings and a further literature review, we formulated the first integrative hypothesis (network of interactions) on how soil factors may influence each other and O. sinensis. Finally, we indicate how this hypothesis may be tested in the future, in order to increase the chances for successful cultivation and thus promote the conservation and sustainable harvesting of O. sinensis.
Synthesis of densely substituted pyridine derivatives from nitriles by a non-classical [4+2] cycloaddition/1,5-hydrogen shift strategy
Authors: Wu Wanqing , He Dandan , Duan Kanghui , Zhou Yang , Li Meng , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: March 2021

A novel strategy has been established to assemble an array of densely substituted pyridine derivatives from nitriles and o-substituted aryl alkynes or 1-methyl-1,3-enynes via a non-classical [4 + 2] cycloaddition along with 1,5-hydrogen shift process. The well-balanced affinities of two different alkali metal salts enable the C(sp3)-H bond activation as well as the excellent chemo- and regioselectivities. This protocol offers a new guide to construct pyridine frameworks from nitriles with sp3-carbon pronucleophiles, and shows potential applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.