bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF LEAD AND CADMIUM LEVELS IN WHITE CABBAGE (Brassica rapa L.), SOIL, AND IRRIGATION WATER OF URBAN AGRICULTURAL SITES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Hardiyanto Hardiyanto , De Guzman Constancio C.
Published: October 2016

Urban agriculture comprises a variety of farming systems, ranging from subsistence to fully commercialized agriculture. Pollution from automobile exhaust, industrial and commercial
activities may affect humans, crops, soil, and water in and around urban agriculture areas. The research aimed to investigate the level and distribution of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in white cabbage (Brassica rapa L.), soil, and irrigation water taken from urban sites. The research was conducted in Las Piñas and Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines. The field area was divided into three sections based on its distance from the main road (0, 25, and 50 m). Irrigation water was taken from canal (Las Piñas) and river (Parañaque). Pb and Cd contents of the extract were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Combined analysis over locations was used. The relationship between distance from the main road and metal contents was measured by Pearson’s correlation. Based on combined analyses, highly significant difference over locations was only showed on Cd content in white cabbage. Cd content in white cabbage grown in Parañaque was higher than that cultivated in Las Piñas, while Cd content in the soil between both sites was comparable.
The average Pb content (1.09 µg g-1 dry weight) was highest in the white cabbage grown right beside the main road. A similar trend was also observed in the soil, with the highest concentration being recorded at 26 µg g-1 dry weight. There was a negative relationship between distance from the main road and Pb and Cd contents in white cabbage and the soil. Level of Pb in water taken from the canal and river was similar (0.12 mg l-1), whereas
levels of Cd were 0.0084 and 0.0095 mg l-1, respectively. In general, the concentrations of Pb and Cd in white cabbage and soil as well as irrigation water were still in the acceptable limits. In terms of environmental hazards and polluted city environment, it seems that big cities in Indonesia especially Jakarta and Surabaya have the same problem with the Philippines. Therefore, it is suggested that the study on heavy metal contamination
in several crops, especially those grown along the main road, should be conducted.
POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF ADULT MALES OF THE FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera tau Walker (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN PASSION FRUIT ORCHARDS IN RELATION TO ABIOTIC FACTORS AND SANITATION
Authors: Hasyim A. , Muryati Muryati , Kogel W.J. De
Published: October 2016

Fruit fly (Bactrocera tau) is the most destructive pest on some fruits in Indonesia. Monitoring of the pest population is essential as one of the procedures in the IPM concept. The study aimed to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of adult males of B. tau and their damage on passion fruits in relation to abiotic factors. The research was done by a survey method on three plots of passion fruit orchards in Alahan Panjang, West Sumatra, Indonesia from March to December 2005. In plot 1 the farmer practiced sanitation by removing damaged fruits and weeds from the orchard. In the plots 2 and 3 no sanitation was practiced. Each plot was 1 ha in size. The parameters observed were density of adult male B. tau and climatic factors (rainfall per day, number of rainy days, and average day temperature). Empty mineral water bottle traps were used to catch adult males of B. tau. Each plot had 16 traps set up with cue lure as fruit fly attractant. Each trap was baited with 3 ml cue lure on a cotton wick (1 cm diameter). The cotton wick was rebaited at 2-week intervals. The traps were placed on host plants about 1.5 m above the ground. Trapped flies were collected every two weeks and counted. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis. The results revealed that the number of male B. tau
in three orchards showed a similar fluctuation during the study period with a major peak in July. The lower numbers of flies captured in plot 1 (with sanitation) compared to the two other plots (without sanitation) were consistent with a lower percentage of damaged fruits in the plot 1 compared to the other two. The percentage of damaged fruits gradually decreased over time to about 20% in plot 1 which is lower than that in the other two
plots (30-40%). The number of fruit flies captured with cue lure baited traps correlated positively with all three abiotic factors studied. The seasonal fluctuation of the fruit fly population and the damage to the fruits are necessary to be studied as a procedure
in IPM for controlling B. tau.
IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF A GENE FOR RICE SLENDER KERNEL USING Oryza glumaepatula INTROGRESSION LINES
Authors: Sobrizal Sobrizal , Yoshimura Atsushi
Published: October 2016

World demand for superior rice grain quality tends to increase. One of the  criteria of appearance quality of rice grain is grain shape. Rice consumers  exhibit wide preferences for grain shape, but most Indonesian rice consumers prefer long and slender grain. The objectives of this study were to identify and map a gene for rice slender kernel trait using Oryza  glumaepatula introgression lines with O. sativa cv. Taichung 65 genetic background. A segregation analysis of BC4F2 population derived from backcrosses of a donor parent O. glumaepatula into a recurrent parent Taichung 65 showed that the slender kernel was controlled by a single recessive gene. This new identified gene was designated as sk1 (slender kernel 1). Moreover, based on the RFLP analyses using 14 RFLP markers located on chromosomes 2, 8, 9, and 10 in which the O. glumaepatula chromosomal segments were retained in BC4F2 population, the sk1 was located between RFLP markers C679 and C560 on the long arm of chromosome 2, with map distances of 2.8 and 1.5 cM, respectively. The wild rice O. glumaepatula carried a recessive allele for slender kernel. This allele may be useful in breeding of rice with slender kernel types. In addition, the development of plant materials and RFLP map associated with slender kernel in this study is the preliminary works in the effort to isolate this important grain shape gene.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PERPUSTAKAAN BALAI PENGKAJIAN TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN BANTEN
Authors: Maryani Sri
Published: October 2016

Pengelolaan perpustakaan Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Banten ditinjau dari aspek manajemen yang meliputi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, serta monitoring dan evaluasi, tidak dapat dipisahkan dari organisasi induknya yaitu BPTP Banten. Seiring dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi, perpustakaan BPTP Banten mengembangkan diri ke arah perpustakaan digital. Selain layanan informasi tercetak, disediakan pula layanan informasi dalam format digital. Dalam pengembangan selanjutnya, perpustakaan BPTP Banten dihadapkan pada masalah dan kendala. Untuk dapat menetapkan strategi yang tepat, dilakukan pengkajian menggunakan metode brainstorming dan analisis SWOT. Hasil analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa kondisi lingkungan internal perpustakaan BPTP Banten berada pada nilai skor 605 atau termasuk dalam kategori kuat dan peluang pengembangan masih terbuka luas. Kondisi lingkungan eksternal berada pada nilai skor 495 yang berarti ancaman yang besar untuk keberhasilan pengembangan perpustakaan. Strategi untuk meningkatkan kinerja dilaksanakan melalui: (1) peningkatan sumber daya listrik di ruang perpustakaan, (2) penyediaan fasilitas TI yang memadai, dan (3) penambahan tenaga yang menguasai TI di perpustakaan.
IMPLEMENTASI LITERASI INFORMASI HASIL PENELITIAN KEDELAI DALAM PENULISAN ARTIKEL ILMIAH POPULER
Authors: Hermanto Hermanto
Published: October 2016

Guna mendukung upaya pencapaian target swasembada kedelai, pustakawan dituntut berperan dalam menyediakan informasi inovasi kedelai bagi pengguna, terutama penentu kebijakan dan penyuluh pertanian. Dalam hal ini diperlukan penguasaan dan kemampuan literasi informasi. Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk menyaring informasi hasil penelitian kedelai dan memanfaatkannya dalam bentuk artikel ilmiah populer yang dipublikasikan. Pengkajian dilakukan pada Juli 2012-Februari 2013 dengan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan secara triangulasi (gabungan) dan analisis data bersifat induktif. Tahapan pengkajian adalah: (1) merumuskan masalah, (2) mengidentifikasi sumber informasi dan mengakses informasi, (3) mengevaluasi informasi, (4) menggunakan informasi, (5) membuat karya tulis, (6) mengevaluasi, dan (7) menarik kesimpulan dari artikel yang ditulis. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan (1) literasi informasi berperan penting dalam menyaring dan memilah informasi yang diperlukan oleh pengguna tertentu, (2) melalui literasi informasi dapat ditulis artikel ilmiah populer yang mudah dipahami pengguna hasil penelitian, termasuk penentu kebijakan. Pustakawan di lingkungan Badan Litbang Pertanian dapat berperan sebagai penulis artikel ilmiah populer setelah melalui telaah informasi hasil penelitian.
ANALISIS BIBLIOMETRIK PADA BULETIN PALAWIJA
Authors: Sutardji Sutardji , Maulidyah Sri Ismi
Published: October 2016

Tujuan kajian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi artikel yang dimuat dalam Buletin Palawija tahun 2010-2013. Identifikasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui sebaran artikel per kelompok peneliti (kelti), pola kepengarangan artikel, kolaborasi penulis, karakteristik literatur,
impact factor jurnal, dan kemutakhiran sumber informasi yang disitir, serta paro hidup (half life) literatur. Data kajian diambil dari seluruh artikel Buletin Palawija 2010-2013. Dalam kurun waktu tersebut Buletin Palawija memuat 40 artikel dari 33 penulis yang berbeda. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa 97,5% artikel dalam Buletin Palawija adalah karya peneliti Balitkabi. Kelti Ekofisiologi memberi kontribusi artikel terbesar (37,5%), sebagian besar artikel merupakan karya tunggal (52,5%). Nilai impact factor Buletin Palawija sebesar 0,175. Jumlah jurnal yang disitir terus meningkat, bahkan tahun terakhir naik dua kali lipat. Terdapat 383 judul jurnal
yang disitir (61 jurnal dalam negeri dan 322 jurnal luar negeri), dengan frekuensi sitiran mencapai 769 (48,8%). Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan paling banyak disitir (27 kali) disusul Crop Science (25 kali). Paro hidup (half life) literatur Buletin Palawija berusia 9,1 tahun.
PENDAYAGUNAAN SITUS WEB BPTP MALUKU UTARA SEBAGAI MEDIA DISEMINASI TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN SPESIFIK LOKASI
Authors: Junaidi Herwan
Published: October 2016

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi semakin memudahkan pengguna dalam mencari maupun mempublikasikan informasi yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat luas melalui media internet. Tujuan pengkajian adalah untuk mengetahui pendaya-gunaan situs web BPTP Maluku Utara dalam menyajikan informasi pertanian spesifik lokasi melalui media online. Pengkajian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Desember 2014. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan rata-rata jumlah pengunjung situs web BPTP Maluku Utara adalah 50 orang/hari. Jumlah pengunjung terbanyak adalah pada bulan Desember yakni 7.905 pengunjung, dengan rata-rata 264 pengunjung/hari, sedangkan jumlah pengunjung terendah adalah pada bulan Oktober sebanyak 459 pengunjung atau rata-rata 15 pengunjung/hari. Total penggunaan bandwidth selama setahun adalah 4,38 Gb dengan rata-rata 366 Mb/bulan. Negara asal pengunjung yang terbanyak mengakses situs web BPTP Maluku Utara adalah Amerika Serikat. Pengguna mengakses situs BPTP Maluku Utara melalui situs web lain (56,21%) atau langsung ke situs web BPTP Maluku Utara (42,04%).
HAMBATAN PUSTAKAWAN DALAM PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK JURNAL PERPUSTAKAAN PERTANIAN
Authors: Suryantini Heryati , Setyorini Endang
Published: October 2016

ustakawan dituntut untuk menghasilkan karya tulis ilmiah (KTI) sebagai bagian profesinya sebagai pejabat fungsional. Salah satu jurnal ilmiah untuk mempublikasikan KTI bidang perpustakaan, dokumentasi, dan informasi adalah Jurnal Perpustakaan Pertanian (JPP). Namun, masih sedikit pustakawan yang memanfaatkan jurnal tersebut untuk menerbitkan KTI-nya. Pengkajian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah KTI dan tujuan pustakawan menulis KTI, motif menulis KTI, dan hambatan dalam menulis KTI. Pengkajian dirancang sebagai penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan kuesioner untuk pengumpulan data. Populasi kajian adalah pustakawan/pengelola perpustakaan lingkup Badan Litbang Pertanian. Sampel ditentukan secara acak dengan jumlah responden 77 orang. Hasil kajian menunjukkan intensitas pustakawan dalam menulis KTI untuk diterbitkan dalam JPP masih sangat rendah, bahkan sebagian besar pustakawan belum pernah menulis KTI. Pustakawan yang pernah menulis KTI lebih sering menerbitkan tulisannya di media selain JPP, seperti prosiding, laporan, petunjuk teknis, jurnal lain, dan warta. Tujuan pustakawan menulis KTI berturut-turut adalah untuk menyebarkan informasi, mengaktuali-sasikan diri, dan untuk memperoleh angka kredit. Motif utama menulis KTI yaitu tuntutan profesi, keikutsertaan sebagai peserta pertemuan ilmiah, serta adanya dorongan teman atau atasan. Hambatan teknis pustakawan dalam menulis KTI adalah kurang menguasai metode pengkajian (83,33%), kurang menguasai teknik penulisan (77,78%), kurang pengalaman menulis KTI (77,78%), sulit menemukan topik (75,93%), dan kurang mampu berpikir kritis (70,37%). Faktor nonteknis yang menghambat pustakawan dalam menulis KTI adalah sibuk dengan tugas selain sebagai pustakawan (59,26%), kurang tersedia panduan penulisan (51,85%), dan tidak ada sanksi jika tidak menghasilkan KTI (51,85%).
Displacement Efficiency for Low-Salinity Polymer Flooding Including Wettability Alteration
Authors: Khorsandi Saeid , Qiao Changhe , Johns Russell T.
Published: October 2016

Polymer flooding can significantly improve sweep and delay breakthrough of injected water, thereby increasing oil recovery. Polymer viscosity degrades in reservoirs with high-salinity brines, so it is advantageous to inject low-salinity water as a preflush. Low-salinity waterflooding (LSW) can also improve local-displacement efficiency by changing the wettability of the reservoir rock from oil-wet to more water-wet. The mechanism for wettability alteration for LSW in sandstones is not very well-understood; however, experiments and field studies strongly support that cation-exchange (CE) reactions are the key elements in wettability alteration. The complex coupled effects of CE reactions, polymer properties, and multiphase flow and transport have not been explained to date.

This paper presents the first analytical solutions for the coupled synergistic behavior of LSW and polymer flooding considering CE reactions, wettability alteration, adsorption, inaccessible pore volume (IPV), and salinity effects on polymer viscosity. A mechanistic approach that includes the CE of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ is used to model the wettability alteration. The aqueous phase viscosity is a function of polymer and salt concentrations. Then, the coupled multiphase-flow and reactive-transport model is decoupled into three simpler subproblems—the first in which CE reactions are solved, the second in which a variable polymer concentration can be added to the reaction path, and the third in which fractional flows can be mapped onto the fixed cation and polymer-concentration paths. The solutions are used to develop a front-tracking algorithm, which can solve the slug-injection problem of low-salinity water as a preflush followed by polymer. The results are verified with experimental data and PennSim (2013), a general-purpose compositional simulator.

The analytical solutions show that decoupling allows for estimation of key modeling parameters from experimental data, without considering the chemical reactions. Recovery can be significantly enhanced by a low-salinity preflush before polymer injection. For the cases studied, the improved oil recovery (IOR) for a chemically tuned low-salinity polymer (LSP) flood can be as much as 10% original oil in place (OOIP) greater than with considering polymer alone. The results show the structure of the solutions, and, in particular, the velocity of multiple shocks that develop. These shocks can interact, changing recovery. For example, poor recoveries obtained in corefloods for small-slug sizes of low salinity are explained by the intersection of shocks without considering mixing. The solutions can also be used to benchmark numerical solutions and for experimental design. We demonstrate the potential of LSP flooding as a less-expensive and more-effective way for performing polymer flooding when the reservoir wettability can be altered with chemically tuned low-salinity brine.
Nonlocal Diffusion in Fractured Rocks
Authors: Raghavan R.. , Chen C.. , DaCunha J. J.
Published: October 2016

Space–time fractional diffusion in a linear, bounded region is considered. An analytical expression for the pressure distribution in the bounded region is derived in terms of the Mittag-Leffler function and the Laplace transformation. Comparisons with numerical solutions indicate excellent agreement. A convenient expression that incorporates a combination of Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, particularly suitable for rapid computations, has been elusive until now. Responses that may be expected in nanoporous reservoirs that are usually produced through horizontal wells containing multiple hydraulic fractures are deduced. It is shown that the existence of obstacles, discontinuities, and other complex flow paths in fractured reservoirs express themselves in the form of power-law declines, whereas long-range interactions reflective of rapid communication, interestingly, express themselves as exponential declines. An understanding of the simultaneous influences of these two effects is the purpose of this study. The application to the “trilinear” model often used to evaluate well performance in shales is demonstrated.
Evaluation of Key Methodology for Digital Image Analysis of Turfgrass Color Using Open‐Source Software
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Pinnix Garland D. , Zhang Zheng , Miller Grady L. , Rufty Thomas W.
Published: October 2016

Digital image analysis is a frequently used research technique to provide an objective measure of turfgrass color, in addition to the traditional visual rating. A commonly used method relies on commercial software package SigmaScan Pro to quantify mean hue angle, saturation, and brightness values from turf images, and to calculate a dark green color index as the measure of color. To enable turf image analysis to function on an open‐source platform, a method was developed within ImageJ to batch process turf images for color parameters. This Java‐based ImageJ plugin quantifies hue angle, saturation, and brightness values and calculates a dark green color index. In addition, information on the variability of these color parameters can be simultaneously acquired. This new method was used to quantify color parameters of turf images collected from field plots of tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinacea Shreb. Dumort.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), ryegrass (Lolium ssp.), hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy), and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). While color parameter values differed little between ImageJ and SigmaScan, the time saved in processing images using ImageJ was considerable. Aside from software, analysis of color parameters acquired from the five turfgrass species indicated that hue angle alone can adequately measure turf color in digital images. Results also demonstrated that, in addition to light source, camera settings should remain fixed during photo capture to avoid introducing errors. The ImageJ plug‐in developed in this study is made available at www.turffiles.ncsu.edu.
Interrelations among Early Vigor, Flowering Time, Physiological Maturity, and Grain Yield in Tropical Maize (Zea mays L.) under Multiple Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Trachsel Samuel , Burgueno Juan , Suarez Edgar A. , San Vicente Felix M. , Rodriguez Ciro S. , Dhliwayo Thanda
Published: October 2016

We studied the interrelation among time to anthesis, physiological maturity, and grain yield in tropical maize (Zea mays L.) facing terminal drought and nitrogen deficiency. Sixty‐one hybrids were grown under optimum, nitrogen‐deficient (LN), and drought‐stressed (DS) conditions. Grain yield was negatively correlated with time to anthesis under DS (r = −0.4*) and positively correlated with the grain‐filling period (optimum: r = 0.54**; LN: r = 0.61***; DS: r = 0.69***) across treatments. These results suggest that coselecting for grain yield, early anthesis, and a long grain‐filling period within a maturity group could help increase grain yield. A second experiment involving eight hybrids contrasting for grain yield and time to anthesis was conducted under similar stresses to identify secondary traits associated with grain yield and time to physiological maturity: early vigor (measured as normalized differential vegetation index) correlated with grain yield under optimum (r = 0.77*) and LN conditions (r = 0.72*). Time to physiological maturity was associated with senescence across treatments (optimum: r = −0.97***; LN: r = −0.82*; DS: r = −0.81*), making senescence suitable to approximate physiological maturity. Repeatability for secondary traits (r2 = 0.79 on average) was higher than for grain yield (r2 = 0.68) across treatments. In light of the association of these traits with grain yield and their high repeatability, grain yield could be increased within a maturity group by simultaneously selecting for high normalized differential vegetation index during vegetative growth and early anthesis and low senescence during grain filling, in addition to grain yield.
A Educação Ambiental como instrumento de gestão turística sustentável na Praia da Pedra do Sal, Parnaíba (Piauí)
Authors: Silva Francimilo Gomes Santos da , Silva Filho Francisco Pereira da , Oliveira Diego Silva de , Dias Haizza Danielle Silva , Silva Edvania Gomes de Assis
Published: October 2016

Este artigo visa a verificar instrumentos de educação ambiental que promovam a gestão sustentável do turismo municipal, com o enfoque nos princípios da educação ambiental na sociedade, identificando os problemas ambientais relacionados à atividade turística no atrativo da Pedra do Sal e, por fim, verificar as ações do poder público na conservação e preservação desse atrativo. A educação ambiental como elemento de discussão deste trabalho, permite buscar as melhores estratégias de desenvolvimento turístico, empregando a gestão ambiental nesse processo. Dessa forma, foram aplicados questionários a visitantes, comunidade local e um gestor público para ter conhecimento das práticas sustentáveis na região da praia. Assim, os resultados foram satisfatórios a respeito da situação em que se encontra a praia da Pedra do Sal, pois foi verificado que necessita de uma maior presença do poder público e a comunidade deve participar também. Contudo, a educação ambiental como instrumento de gestão pode desenvolver a região, porém se deve ter a preocupação com meio ambiente, cabendo aos governos à responsabilidade de promover qualidade de vida à população e aos visitantes, além da possibilidade que o turismo se torne sustentável na região.
Sistemas ambientais e vulnerabilidade à degradação dos recursos naturais dos municípios do Baixo Jaguaribe com aplicação de geotecnologia: subsídio ao ordenamento territorial
Authors: Oliveira Huáscar Pinto Vidal de , Silva Edson Vicente da
Published: October 2016

A delimitação dos sistemas ambientais e sua vulnerabilidade à degradação permitem um diagnóstico socioambiental perante as diversas pressões exercidas sobre um território. Contribui-se dessa forma ao ordenamento territorial, possibilitando identificar locais onde essas pressões exercidas têm potencial para causar uma maior degradação ambiental. Por isso a presente pesquisa objetiva-se analisar os sistemas ambientais, sua vulnerabilidade à degradação em face ao uso da terra, nos municípios do Baixo Jaguaribe do Estado do Ceará, através de técnicas de geotecnologias. Partiu-se dos estudos sistêmicos e integrador dos conhecimentos, que viabilizou as análises de interrelações de causa e efeito, definindo a sensibilidade e a resistência do ambiente em face ao uso da terra. Dos resultados obtidos, observou-se de forma geral, que dentre os seis sistemas ambientais delimitados para o Baixo Jaguaribe, a planície litorânea foi o sistema ambiental mais instável com vulnerabilidade alta à ocupação, abrangendo mais da metade de toda a área, enquanto que o sistema ambiental dos tabuleiros pré-litorâneos apresentou-se estável em condições de equilíbrio natural com vulnerabilidade baixa à ocupação demonstrando potencialidade para a expansão urbana. Destaca-se, não obstante, que há necessidade de continuidade das pesquisas o que permitirá resultados mais profícuos na realização do ordenamento territorial.
Central anticholinergic syndrome following reversal of neuromuscular blockade in a neonate
Authors: Selvamani Breethaa Janani , Hussain Aftab , Rahman Faizur , Fatima Nida
Published: October 2016

Central anticholinergic syndrome (CAS) is rare in neonates. We report a case in a 10‐day‐old baby weighing 2.5 kg, following reversal of neuromuscular blockade using 0.1 mg atropine and 120 μg neostigmine. The use of atropine in 0.01‐0.02 mg.kg‐1 dose rather than the recommended minimum dose of 0.1 mg may have prevented this complication.
Job syndrome and an allergy to a component in medicinal products
Authors: Paliwal Bharat , Purohit Anamika
Published: October 2016

Hyperimmunoglobin E, or Job syndrome, is a rare primary immunodeficiency syndrome with characteristic facies, raised IgE levels and recurrent infections. We encountered a case where a patient requiring an emergency caesarean section was diagnosed with the syndrome and co‐incidentally was also found to be allergic to medically used plastics. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is the plastic used in manufacturing many medical devices. Concerns have been expressed regarding PVC/DEHP‐containing medical devices because they have been found to be toxic in experimental studies. There have been reports of mild reactions in the form of rashes or itching but true allergy to plastic or to the plasticiser with systemic manifestations has not been reported before.
The Kasai procedure in a baby with complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Goonasekera Chulananda , Cooper Mariese , Hill Cathie , Bansal Sanjay , Davenport Mark
Published: October 2016

Advances in medicine mean that increasing numbers of children with complex congenital heart disease are presenting for major non‐cardiac surgery. We describe a 2 month old male with complex congenital heart disease who underwent urgent Kasai surgery. He had a 'fixed' right to left shunt, via a left sided superior vena cava draining into the left atrium, and bi‐directional shunts via atrial and ventricular septal defects. We used a vasopressor as part of the anaesthetic technique in order to maintain shunt directions during surgery and postoperatively.
The soiled paediatric airway ‐ a case report and literature review of massive soil aspiration
Authors: Phipps Sarah , Rusk David
Published: October 2016

Massive aspiration of garden soil is a rare but potentially fatal event in children. Definitive hospital management requires collaborative multidisciplinary care. We present the case of an 11‐month old who suffered massive aspiration of soil after pulling the contents of a large pot plant onto himself. We discuss recommended initial airway management, definitive soil removal techniques, and the role of steroids, antibiotics and tetanus prophylaxis in such cases. We also outline potential long‐term sequelae and highlight the need for long‐term follow‐up. Treatment priorities for such events can be summarised as: optimisation of airway and gas exchange whilst minimising passage of further material past the vocal cords, definitive removal of macroscopic soil from the larger respiratory passages, supportive respiratory care whilst assisting the muco‐ciliary mechanism to clear remaining soil and antibiotic and parasitic cover to prevent respiratory infection and long‐term sequelae.
The THRIVE technique to safely prolong the apnoeic window in a patient with a compromised airway
Authors: Lam Wai , Stolady Daniel , Balakrishnan Ramachandran
Published: October 2016

We present the anaesthetic management of a 66‐yr‐old male with a severely compromised airway. We describe successful utilisation of the Transnasal Humidified Rapid‐Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) technique for pre‐oxygenation and provision of apnoeic oxygenation during anaesthetic induction. This technique extends the safe apnoeic period, reducing the risk of oxygen desaturation and allowing time for management of the airway.
Use of the Cook staged extubation set in a critically ill patient with a difficult airway
Authors: Stratton Katherine , Richardson James , Young Peter
Published: October 2016

We describe the case of a 68‐yr‐old female in whom we used the Cook staged extubation set at tracheal extubation within the critical care setting.
Unilateral postoperative visual loss following prone positioning
Authors: Barrett Thomas , Webster Simon , Ferris John
Published: October 2016

Peri‐operative visual loss following general anaesthesia is a potentially devastating complication of surgery. Its aetiology is variable and multifactoral. We describe an unusual, and previously unreported, cause of temporary peri‐operative visual loss in a patient undergoing orthopaedic surgery in the prone position. We highlight the importance of illiciting a history of previous ophthalmic surgery during the pre‐operative assessment in a patient due to undergo prone surgery and discussing the possibility of peri‐operative visual loss at this stage.
Effect of Gradual Variation of Metal Composition on Stresses Generated in Weld Interfaces
Authors: Dhiraj Vikas Singh , Jadvani Nandit , Shah Raj
Published: October 2016

Dissimilar metal joints formed by conventional welding creates residual stress at the interface and leads to an earlier failure than expected. The conventional methods are rapidly being replaced by advanced techniques, such as transition layer grading. This kind of transition grading aims to form the welding component akin to functionally graded material. The present paper aims to analyze different stress concentration conditions by varying temperatures, loads, and the number of transition layers. The material in the weld zone varied linearly when the number of layers was increased, which is analogous to functionally graded materials. The finite element model of a dissimilar metal welded pipe was simulated using ANSYS Workbench 14.5. Based on the executed simulations, it was observed that residual stress at the weld interface decreased as the number of layers increased up to a certain critical number of graded layers. Furthermore, negligible effect on stress reduction has been observed beyond this critical number of graded layers.
Inverse Green element evaluation of source strength and concentration in groundwater contaminant transport
Authors: Onyari Ednah , Taigbenu Akpofure
Published: October 2016

Evaluating pollution sources from limited concentration data of their contaminant plumes in groundwater systems is an inverse problem that presents computational challenges because of its ill-posedness. In this work, the Green element method (GEM) is used to solve inverse contaminant transport problems in 2-D orthotropic homogeneous aquifers. The GEM discretization of the differential equation produces an over-determined, ill-conditioned global matrix that is decomposed by the singular value decomposition method and solved by the least square method with Tikhonov regularization. Five test cases of pollution sources of unknown strengths are used to evaluate the performance of GEM. The results indicate that the current methodology is capable of correctly predicting the strength of pollution sources and the historical concentration plumes that they produce. However, the computation accuracy is influenced by the location of the observation points in relation to the source, data errors of observed concentrations, the transport mode, and the value of the Courant number used in the simulations. Data errors at observation points influence more significantly the GEM prediction of the pollution source strength than the concentration plume, while numerical artefacts of dispersion and oscillations observed in direct solutions of advection-dominant transport cases are also evident in inverse modelling.
Analisis Kebijakan dan Efektivitas Organisasi
Authors: Kiwang Amir Syarifudin , Pandie David B. W. , Gana Frans
Published: October 2016

Penerapan Peraturan Gubernur Nusa Tenggara Timur Nomor 8 Tahun 2011 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Koperasi dan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah pada Dinas Koperasi dan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur adalah dalam rangka untuk meningkatkan efektivitas kerja organisasi pada UPT Diklat Koperasi dan UMKM. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk melihat dampak kebijakan organisasi terhadap efektivitas organisasi dengan menggunakan enam elemen variabel dari kebijakan dan praktik manajemen. Keenam elemen tersebut adalah penetapan tujuan strategis, pencarian dan pemanfaatan sumber daya, lingkungan prestasi, proses komunikasi, kepemimpinan dan pengambilan keputusan, serta adaptasi dan inovasi organisasi. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data model Miles dan Huberman, yang terdiri atas reduksi data, display/penyajian data, dan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas organisasi pada UPT Diklat koperasi dan UMKM belum berjalan secara baik, hal ini dapat dilihat dari beberapa hal antara lain, belum adanya tenaga spesialisasi pengelola diklat dan tenaga khusus (sarjana) di bidang perkoperasian dan kondisi lingkungan kerja (lingkungan prestasi) pada UPT Diklat koperasi dan UMKM yang belum efektif. Penempatan pegawai juga belum tepat, mutasi ke UPT Diklat Koperasi dan UMKM tidak memperhatikan latar belakang pendidikan dan spesialisasi/keahlian pegawai sehingga membutuhkan waktu dalam proses penyesuaian serta menurunkan jumlah pelaksanaan diklat dikarenakan keterbatasan alokasi dana.
Nilai Demokrasi dalam Pelayanan Publik: Studi Kasus Kantor Imigrasi Bandung
Authors: Rachmawati Tutik , Nasution Sonia Juliani
Published: October 2016

Tulisan ini merupakan pembahasan dari sebagian hasil penelitian tentang penerapan nilai-nilai demokratis dalam pelayanan publik. Nilai-nilai demokratis terdiri dari nilai inklusivitas(pelibatan), nilai transparansi, nilai akuntabilitas, dan nilai integritas. Pembahasan dilakukan dengan membuat analisa penerapan salah satu nilai demokrasi yaitu integritas dalam pelayanan publik di Kantor Imigrasi Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mix method). Dengan desain penelitian menggunakan studi kasus, analisa yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini analisis eksploratori sekuensial (sequential exploratory). Studi kasus dalam penelitian ini adalah Kantor Imigrasi Bandung yang merupakan salah satu contoh best practice dalam kinerja pelayanan publiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan apakah organisasi publik yang memiliki kinerja yang baik dalam pemberian pelayanan publiknya juga menerapkan nilai demokrasi yaitu integritas. Hasil temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa Kantor Imigrasi Bandung belum sepenuhnya mene­rapkan nilai nilai integritas dalam pelayanan publik.
The Analysis of Network Governance in The Investment Development of Free Trade Zone and Free Port (KPBPB) Batam
Authors: Muzwardi Ady
Published: October 2016

Large amount of investment is one of income sources for a country. Recently, the investment in Indonesia has not been managed optimally due to, one among others, poor organization system of investment management. This study is aimed at analyzing the network governance within organization system in investment development at   Free Trade Zone and Free Port Batam. The research methodology used was Coordination Network Analysis with 5 aspects of study; those are governance structure, service characteristics, operational interaction of partner characteristics, and network characteristic on 3 organizations at the level of province and regency/city. The result of the analysis indicates that coordination between provincial and regency/city organizations is not yet optimally conducted. Horizontal and vertical coordination are not yet optimally established.
Use of Oral Anticoagulation in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with ESRD: Con
Authors: Keskar Vaibhav , Sood Manish M.
Published: October 2016

Among patients with atrial fibrillation, prophylaxis for stroke prevention with the use of anticoagulation is well established in the general population. A number of randomized controlled trials and evidence-based risk prediction tools clearly delineate the benefit and risks of therapy. Despite the high incidence of atrial fibrillation in the late stage CKD and ESRD populations, little high quality evidence exists in these populations. Is it appropriate then to extrapolate findings from the general population to those with CKD/ESRD? In our view, too much uncertainty exists regarding proof of efficacy with clear signals of harm. Routine anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation is not recommended for the majority of CKD and ESRD patients.
Escala de dor em pequenos animais – revisão de literatura
Authors: Ferreira Luiz Fernando Lucas , Braccini Paula , Franklin Natália
Published: October 2016

We studied all of the major scales for pain in small animals described in the literature. Observed the consensus of the need for training and clinical experience of the evaluators. The use of models that combine the assessment of physiological parameters with behavioral parameters, points to the best way to understand and assess a patient with pain.
A Fluidic Birefringent Sensor for Concentration Measurements of Chemical Solutions in Homodyne Interferometer
Authors: Twu Ruey-Ching , Chen Guan-Min , Chen Jheng-Yu , Yan Nian-Yang
Published: October 2016

We have fabricated and tested, to the best of our knowledge, the first fluidic birefringent sensor (FBS) for the concentration measurements of chemical solutions in a homodyne interferometer. The performance of KTP (potassium titanyl phosphate)-based FBS has been experimentally evaluated for successful concentration measurements in salt and hydrochloric acid solutions. The measurement resolution is 0.0088 wt. % in the concentration range of 2.5 wt. % for hydrochloric acid solution. According to the experimental results, the chemical resistance property gives the KTP sensor the potential to be used in harsh environments.
Wrist Pulse Rate Monitor Using Self-Injection-Locked Radar Technology
Authors: Wang Fu-Kang , Tang Mu-Cyun , Su Sheng-Chao , Horng Tzyy-Sheng
Published: October 2016

To achieve sensitivity, comfort, and durability in vital sign monitoring, this study explores the use of radar technologies in wearable devices. The study first detected the respiratory rates and heart rates of a subject at a one-meter distance using a self-injection-locked (SIL) radar and a conventional continuous-wave (CW) radar to compare the sensitivity versus power consumption between the two radars. Then, a pulse rate monitor was constructed based on a bistatic SIL radar architecture. This monitor uses an active antenna that is composed of a SIL oscillator (SILO) and a patch antenna. When attached to a band worn on the subject’s wrist, the active antenna can monitor the pulse on the subject’s wrist by modulating the SILO with the associated Doppler signal. Subsequently, the SILO’s output signal is received and demodulated by a remote frequency discriminator to obtain the pulse rate information.
The Relationship between Estrogen and Nitric Oxide in the Prevention of Cardiac and Vascular Anomalies in the Developing Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)
Authors: Sykes Benjamin , Van Steyn Peter , Vignali Jonathan , Winalski John , Lozier Julie , Bell Wade , Turner James
Published: October 2016

It has been known that both estrogen (E2) and nitric oxide (NO) are critical for proper cardiovascular system (CVS) function. It has also been demonstrated that E2 acts as an upstream effector in the nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Results from this study indicate that the use of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (NOSI) which targets specifically neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS1), proadifen hydrochloride, caused a significant depression of fish heart rates (HR) accompanied by increased arrhythmic behavior. However, none of these phenotypes were evident with either the inhibition of endothelial NOS (eNOS) or inducible NOS (iNOS) isoforms. These cardiac arrhythmias could also be mimicked by inhibition of E2 synthesis with the aromatase inhibitor (AI), 4-OH-A, in a manner similar to that of nNOSI. In both scenarios, by using an NO donor (DETA-NO) in either NO + nNOSI or E2 + AI co-treatments, fish could be significantly rescued from decreased HR and increased arrhythmias. However, the addition of an NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) to the E2 + AI co-treatment fish prevented the rescue of low heart rates and arrhythmias, which strongly implicates the NO pathway as a downstream E2 targeted molecule for the maintenance of healthy cardiomyocyte contractile conditions in the developing zebrafish. Cardiac arrhythmias could be mimicked by the S-nitrosylation pathway inhibitor DTT (1,4-dithiothreitol) but not by ODQ (1H-[1–3]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one), the inhibitor of the NO receptor molecule sGC in the cGMP-dependent pathway. In both the nNOSI and AI-induced arrhythmic conditions, 100% of the fish expressed the phenotype, but could be rapidly rescued with maximum survival by a washout with dantrolene, a ryanodine Ca2+ channel receptor blocker, compared to the time it took for rescue using a control salt solution. In addition, of the three NOS isoforms, eNOS was the one most implicated in the maintenance of an intact developing fish vascular system. In conclusion, results from this study have shown that nNOS is the prominent isoform that is responsible, in part, for maintaining normal heart rates and prevention of arrhythmias in the developing zebrafish heart failure model. These phenomena are related to the upstream stimulatory regulation by E2. On the other hand, eNOS has a minimal effect and iNOS has little to no influence on this phenomenon. Data also suggests that nNOS acts on the zebrafish cardiomyocytes through the S-nitrosylation pathway to influence the SR ryanidine Ca2+ channels in the excitation-coupling phenomena. In contrast, eNOS is the prominent isoform that influences blood vessel development in this model.
Machining Duplex Stainless Steel: Comparative Study Regarding End Mill Coated Tools
Authors: Gouveia Ronny , Silva F. , Reis Pedro , Baptista A.
Published: October 2016

The difficulties in the machining of duplex stainless steel are well known. However, research on this matter is rather limited. Suppliers offer quite different cutting tools for the same raw material, with end mills of two, three or even four knives and a huge number of distinct coatings, some of them under commercial brands, making it difficult to assess the advantages they offer. Furthermore, there is a remarkable difference among the several types of duplex stainless steel available nowadays on the market. The present work intends to assess the machining performance of different tools, analyzing the behavior and wear mechanisms with two different cutting lengths, keeping constant the machining trajectory. Some other parameters were also kept constant, such as cutting speed, depth of cut and cutting width, as well as feed per tooth. The machining process was carried out under lubricated conditions, using an emulsion of 5% oil in water. Tools provided with a different number of teeth and surface coatings were tested, analyzing the wear behavior of each cutting length using scanning electron microscopy, trying to identify wear performance and how each coating contributes to increased tool life. The surfaces produced were also analyzed by means of profilometry measurements, correlating tool wear and part surface roughness. This comparative study allows determining the advantages of different tools relative to others, based on coatings and tool geometry.
Fuzzy Logic Based Multi-Criteria Wind Turbine Selection Strategy—A Case Study of Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rehman Shafiqur , Khan Salman
Published: October 2016

The emergence of wind energy as a potential alternative to traditional sources of fuel has prompted notable research in recent years. One primary factor contributing to efficient utilization of wind energy from a wind farm is the type of turbines used. However, selection of a specific wind turbine type is a difficult task due to several criteria involved in the selection process. Important criteria include turbine’s power rating, height of tower, energy output, rotor diameter, cut-in wind speed, and rated wind speed. The complexity of this selection process is further amplified by the presence of conflicts between the decision criteria. Therefore, a decision is desired that provides the best balance between all selection criteria. Considering the complexities involved in the decision-making process, this paper proposes a two-level decision turbine selection strategy based on fuzzy logic and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach. More specifically, the fuzzy arithmetic mean operator is used in the decision process. The proposed approach is applied to wind data collected from the site of Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Results indicate that the proposed approach was effective in finding the optimal turbine from a set of 20 turbines of various capacities.
Laser-Induced Motion of a Nanofluid in a Micro-Channel
Authors: Phuoc Tran , Massoudi Mehrdad , Wang Ping
Published: October 2016

Since a photon carries both energy and momentum, when it interacts with a particle, photon-particle energy and momentum transfer occur, resulting in mechanical forces acting on the particle. In this paper we report our theoretical study on the use of a laser beam to manipulate and control the flow of nanofluids in a micro-channel. We calculate the velocity induced by a laser beam for TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3 MgO, and SiO2 nanoparticles with water as the base fluid. The particle diameter is 50 nm and the laser beam is a 4 W continuous beam of 6 mm diameter and 532 nm wavelength. The results indicate that, as the particle moves, a significant volume of the surrounding water (up to about 8 particle diameters away from the particle surface) is disturbed and dragged along with the moving particle. The results also show the effect of the particle refractive index on the particle velocity and the induced volume flow rate. The velocity and the volume flowrate induced by the TiO2 nanoparticle (refractive index n = 2.82) are about 0.552 mm/s and 9.86 fL, respectively, while those induced by SiO2 (n = 1.46) are only about 7.569 μm/s and 0.135, respectively.
Ringo2 Optical Polarimetry of Blazars
Authors: Jermak Helen , Steele Iain , Lindfors Elina , Hovatta Talvikki , Nilsson Kari , Lamb Gavin , Mundell Carole , Barres De Almeida Ulisses , Berdyugin Andrei , Kadenius Ville , Reinthal Riho , Takalo Leo
Published: October 2016

We present polarimetric and photometric observations from a sample of 15 γ-ray bright blazars with data from the Tuorla blazar monitoring program (KVA DIPOL) and Liverpool Telescope (LT) Ringo2 polarimeters (supplemented with γ-ray data from Fermi-LAT). We find that (1) The optical magnitude and γ-ray flux are positively correlated; (2) electric vector position angle rotations can occur in any blazar subclass; (3) there is no difference in the γ-ray flaring rates in the sample between subclasses; flares can occur during and outside of rotations with no preference for this behaviour; (4) the average degree of polarisation (P), optical magnitude and γ-ray flux are lower during a rotation compared with during non-rotation; (5) the number of observed flaring events and optical polarisation rotations are correlated and (6) the maximum observed P increases from ∼10% to ∼30% to ∼40% for subclasses with synchrotron peaks at high, intermediate and low frequencies respectively.