bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing to Serve: an Examination of WestJet's Domestic Check-in Space
Authors: Stopa Jaime
Published: May 2021

My major research paper (MRP) focuses on the service design of WestJet’s domestic check-in space at Toronto International Pearson Airport. In the context of this micro space, service design refers to all of the touch points or points of contact between the customer and the organization designed into this space. This includes anything that communicates with the customer in this space to direct their behavior. My central research question is: how does the service design of the domestic check-in space at WestJet affect customer behavior? In exploring this question, I examined two main aspects: (1) service design and (2) customer behavior. Service design theory is concerned with managing customers’ experience of service quality through the design of services. I observed how customers
experienced the service design of the check-in space through their visible behaviors and reconstructed a service blueprint or map of each step in the check-in service with which to track these behaviors. This allowed me to identify variances between customers’ actual behaviors and the desired customer behaviors in the check-in space. I also conducted a series of interviews with select WestJet employees to understand the service objectives of the check-in space and the strategic objectives of the organization. An analysis of the self-service route of the check-in space indicates that some sub-touch points are not positioned at natural decision points for customers. This is despite the fact that the sub-touch points are designed to supply customers with information to make decisions at each major touch point in the check-in service. Consequently, actual customer behaviors vary from WestJet’s desired customer behaviors in the self-service route of the check-in space. These findings suggest that there are nuisances in the design of the check-in service that are impeding WestJet’s service objectives and resulting in inconsistent and potentially confusing customer experiences.
How connected are Canadians? Inequities in Canadian households' internet access
Authors: Middleton Catherine A. , Sorensen Christine
Published: May 2021

What can be learned from an analysis of Canadian household Internet adoption patterns? Households headed by lower-income, less-educated, or older Canadians have Internet adoption rates well below the Canadian average. In contrast, households with heads who are highly educated, earn above average incomes, or are younger than 55 are adopting the Internet at rates well above the average. In the simplest of terms, privileged Canadians are online, while their less-privileged compatriots are not. What is most surprising about these findings is that very little notice has been given to them, although Internet adoption data have been available for many years.
Modeling And Forecasting Imported Japanese Parts Content Of US Transplants: An Error Correction And State Space Approach
Authors: Cadogan Godfrey
Published: May 2021

This paper provides a sectoral examination of the impact of trade policies and custom valuation procedures on estimating the dollar value of time varying import content of Japanese transplant automobiles. Using monthly data from 1985 to 1992, we introduce an error correction model (ECM) and a state space vector auto regression (SS-VAR) model to purify trade data of measurement errors induced by unobserveable prices and customs valuation procedures. Data show that US import of Japanese auto parts are elastic to the fleet of active Japanese automobiles in the U.S., inelastic to transplant production and that disequilibrium adjustments relative to transplant production are corrected in oneperiod. Further, changes in imports are responsive to the cyclical behavior of Big 3 production and the debt burden of automobile consumers. Moreover, we find that productivity trends in the automotive industry are not a significant determinant of imported parts. The model predicts that Japanese manufacturers will shift more production to the US in response to yen appreciation against the dollar. We show that import content decreased following the Fair Trade in Parts Act and the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, but increased shortly thereafter and predictions are that it will continue to increase. Therefore the empirical evidence suggests that direct trade policies designed to reduce the dollar value of import content and increase domestic sourcing of auto parts are not effective in the long run.
The Term Structure of Interest Rates in the European Union
Authors: Koukouritakis Minoas , Michelis Leo
Published: May 2021

This paper uses cointegration and common trends techniques to investigate empirically the expectations hypothesis of the term structure of interest rates among the original 15 EU countries. By decomposing each term structure into its transitory and permanent components, we also examine whether the short or the long rate is weakly exogenous and thus determine the long run behavior of each term structure. The empirical results support the expectations theory of the term structure of interest rates for all the EU-15 countries. They also indicate that the long term interest rates are weakly exogenous for almost all the countries in our sample. Further, we investigate if the expectation theory of the term structure of interest rates is affected by other exogenous variables such as nominal and real exchange rates, inflation rates, inflation variance, money growth and its variance. Our evidence suggests that the inclusion of the other exogenous variables does not affect the expectations hypothesis for most of the EU-15 countries.
Also available for download here: http://ideas.repec.org/p/crt/wpaper/0611.html
Moral fibre: should policymakers ‘do what is right’ and promote all-fibre broadband networks? Catherine Middleton weighs up the arguments
Authors: Middleton Catherine A.
Published: May 2021

There is consensus that broadband networks are essential enablers of the digital economy, but much less consensus as to how to actually define broadband or to recognize its essential features. Without an understanding of the potential of next generation broadband networks, it is difficult to set policy agendas or shape appropriate regulatory frameworks to guide future broadband developments. This article presents a vision for next generation broadband and poses questions as to whether the technologically neutral stance that generally guides policy making should be set aside to actively advance the deployment of fibre.
Review: Canadian Dreams
Authors: Johnston Nancy
Published: May 2021

Canadian Dreams. Edo van Belkom. Northern Dreamers: Interviews with Famous Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Writers. Out of This World Series #4. Ontario: Quarry, 1998. 254 pp. $19.95 CDA; $14.95 USA paper. Dist. in USA by InBook (800-243-0138). This collection of 22 interviews with Canadian sf, fantasy, and horror writers is the first of its kind, and as such it is a valuable guide to the genre in Canada. Edo van Belkom is a professional editor, author of horror fiction, and a Canadian Regional Director of the Science Fiction Writers of America. His familiarity with his interview subjects and the field in Canada is immediately evident. He can be forgiven, then, for the effusive claims he makes for these authors in his introduction. While not all of these writers are "pioneers, leaders, and supreme masters of their realms" of speculative fiction (8), as he suggests, they do represent the leading voices in Canadian speculative fiction. Indeed, most of those included have received international awards, critical and reader acclaim, and some commercial success 
Social Media for Informal Learning: a Case of #Twitterstorians
Authors: Kumar Priya , Gruzd Anatoliy
Published: May 2021

Open, online environments like social media are now a mainstay of life-long informal learning. Social media like Twitter help people gather information, share resources, and discuss with other participant-learners with similar interests. This paper seeks to test and validate the ‘learning in the wild’ coding schema in the context of discussions on Twitter, an approach first developed for studying learning communities on Reddit. The schema considers how participant-learners are leveraging social media to facilitate self-directed informal learning practices, exploratory dialogue, and communicative exchanges. We apply the coding schema on a sample of tweets (n=594) from the History Twittersphere community (#Twitterstorians) to provide a more nuanced understanding of the different kinds of discursive practices, resource exchanges, and ideas being shared and communicated outside traditional classroom settings.
A Latin-American Parents' Group Participates in their Children's Schooling: Parent Involvement Reconsidered
Authors: Bernhard Judith K. , Freire Marlinda , Pacini-Ketchabaw Veronica , Villanueva Virginia
Published: May 2021

In accord with [Bourdieu] (1986; see also Lareau, 1989), we construe 'cultural capital' as those dispositions (habitus) and capabilities that establish a person of a particular background and social stratum in a set of social relations; through such relationships, he or she produces and reproduces according to a socially constructed position. In our previous work with Latin-American families, we have found there is often a disparity of esteem between the cultural capital of the Latino families and that (implicitly) required by the school. Teachers' assessment of 'parental support' was found to be highly culture bound and focused on specific models of collaboration ([Bernhard, Freire], Torres, and Nirdosh, 1998). Yet parents' actions, including the advice and guidance given to their children, are based on their own culturally bound view of the educational system. One may call this a situation of mismatch in skills and views, but in fact 'mismatch' is an ongoing aspect of social subordination. There is an undercutting of parents' abilities to positively affect their children's outcomes. We argue that there is some generality in Lareau's (1989) findings. The working-class children receive a 'generic' educational experience; their families' cultural capital is nullified, constructed as ineffective by the educational system. Supporting such a general hypothesis, as applied to particular ethno-racial groups, are disturbing reports about school performance for some immigrant and ethnic groups (Bernhard and Freire, 1996; Bernhard, Freire, et al., 1998; Brown,
Relative and Absolute Preference for Quality
Authors: Angyridis Constantine , Sen Debapriya
Published: May 2021

This paper seeks to explain two related phenomena: (i) it is often the case that when the newvariety of a product is launched, some consumers do not purchase the latest variety and (ii)the quality of the latest variety of a product is often not significantly superior compared to the existing variety.  We consider a simple model of monopoly with two types of consumers:“regular” (typeR) who cares only about the absolute quality of the product and “fastidious”(typeF) who cares about therelativequality vis-a-vis the existing variety.  We show thatit  is  never  optimal  for  the  monopolist  to  exclusively  serve  typeF. Moreover,  we  identifysituations  where  although  it  is  optimal  for  the  monopolist  to  upgrade  the  quality  of  theproduct,  this upgrade is not sufficient to meet the standards of typeF.As a result,  only typeR buys the upgraded variety while typeF chooses not to buy it.
Energetic Optimization and Exergetic Performance Investigation of an Ejector System Using HCFO-1233zd(E) as a Refrigerant
Authors: Mwesigye Aggrey , Kiamari Amir , Dworkin Seth
Published: May 2021

In this study, the performance of an ejector refrigeration system using HCFO-1233zd(E) as the working fluid is investigated and presented. A novel improved modeling approach that considers ejector loss coefficients as functions of the ejector pressure lift and area ratio has been used. The resulting mathematical model developed using the first and second laws of thermodynamics and gas dynamics is solved using Engineering Equation Solver. Different ejector geometries with area ratios of 6.44, 7.04, 7.51, 7.73, 8.28, 8.62, 9.13, 9.41 and 10.64 were used in this study. The evaporator temperatures were between 0 °C and 16 °C, the generator temperatures were between 75 °C and 120 °C and the condensing temperatures varied between 20 °C and 40 °C. For the range of parameters used, the optimal coefficient of performance (COP) is in the range 0.11 and 0.88 for evaporator temperatures between 4 °C and 16 °C. At the optimal working conditions, the COP improves with higher area ratios, lower condensing temperatures and requires increased generator temperatures. In the critical mode of operation, both the energetic and exegetic performance of the ejector are shown to decline as generator temperatures increase, evaporator temperatures reduce and as the area ratios decrease. Thermodynamic investigation using the exergy analysis method indicates that most of the exergetic losses come from the ejector (46-56%) followed by the condenser (18-29%), the generator (21-26%), the evaporator (0.8-3%), and the throttle valve (1- 1.6%), with the pump having a very small contribution. Moreover, correlations for the optimal generator and optimal COP were derived and presented.

Keywords: Coefficient of performance, Critical mode, Ejector refrigeration system, Ejector loss coefficients, Exergetic performance, Hydroflouroolefins
Centralized Wage Determination and Regional Unemployment Differences: The Case of Italy
Authors: Caponi Vincenzo
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a general equilibrium model of regional unemployment dispersion based on the Mortensen and Pissarides (1999) framework. The model economy presented here has centralized institutions, such as a single central government and central unions, but regional labor markets with differences productivity. The model assumes that unions dislike wage dispersion across regions and the government dislikes population imbalance across the regions. The set up of the model is used to interpret the economic features of the Italian economy between the mid seventies and the end of the past century. By means of calibration using Italian data collected in the year 2000 the paper shows that the model economy explains the important regional dualism between the North and the South of Italy in terms of unemployment. Moreover, the model indicates that the interaction between unions and the government also generates low wage rates in the high productivity regions accompanied by low unemployment rates, even when the Northern worker is the median worker that determines the unions policies.
The Acoustics of the Double Elliptical Vault of the Royal Palace of Caserta (Italy)
Authors: Berardi Umberto , Iannace Gino , Trematerra Amelia
Published: May 2021

This work investigates the acoustic characteristics of the double elliptical vault, which overlooks the Grand Staircase of the Royal Palace of Caserta (Italy). The Royal Palace was built by the architect Luigi Vanvitelli in the Seventeenth Century and it is the largest royal building in Italy. The double elliptical vault presents a great scenography effect. Inside the vault, on the planking level, musicians used to play for the king and his guests when the royal procession, going up the grand staircase, entered the royal apartments, creating astonishment among the guests who heard the music without understanding from where it was coming. Since the musicians were inside the vault, the long reverberation made the listeners perceive the vault to be enveloped by the music. To investigate this effect, the acoustic characteristics of the double vault were measured, putting the sound source on the planking level of the vault, while the microphones were put along the staircase and in the vestibule towards the royal apartments. Finally, the spatial distribution of several acoustic parameters is evaluated also using architectural acoustic simulations.
Review [untitled]
Authors: Ferguson Susan
Published: May 2021

Book reviews of:

Finding a New Feminism: Rethinking the Woman Question for Liberal Democracy Pamela Grande Jensen, ed. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 1996, pp. ix, 246 

and

Feminist Interpretations of Mary Wollstonecraft Maria J. Falco, ed. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996, pp. xiv, 234.
Les pratiques avancées en pédiatrie dans le monde
Authors: Donald Faith
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a review of the literature regarding the development of the paediatric NP and CNS roles; the education requirements in four countries where these roles are established; effectiveness of the paediatric NP and CNS roles within some settings in which they practice; and makes recommendations for the development of paediatric advanced practice nursing roles in countries that are considering implementing advanced practice nursing roles.
Toward Press Council 2.0: An international review of models of, and alternatives to, the traditional press council
Authors: Shapiro Ivor , Taylor Lisa
Published: May 2021

This paper presents an overview of preliminary results from a comparative study of existing press council models in Canadian provinces and similar democracies abroad. Gathering information by a combination of survey and qualitative-interview methodologies, we are analyzing the relative effectiveness of, and difficulties faced by, varying models of councils. Among the issues to be analyzed are: how existing models of Canadian press councils compare with one another, and with models operating in other democracies; how various stakeholders define the purpose(s) of press councils; the difficulties faced by existing and defunct provincial news councils in achieving their various goals; whether a national press council may be viable and, if so, what the key function(s) of a national press council might be.
The Problem of No Best World
Authors: Kraay Klaas
Published: May 2021

[para. 1]: "Traditional versions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all maintain that God is a perfect being (see Article 25, **PERFECT BEING THEOLOGY**). Famously, Anselm understood this doctrine to mean that God is a being than which none greater is conceivable. If conceivability does not exhaust possibility, the doctrine of divine perfection can be expressed in stronger terms: God is a being than which none greater is possible. This is often thought to entail that God is a necessary being (see Article 33, **NECESSITY**) who is essentially unsurpassable with respect to various attributes, such as power, knowledge, and goodness (see Articles 27, **OMNIPOTENCE**; 28, **OMNISCIENCE**; and 30, **GOODNESS**)."
Review of the book Educators on Diversity, Social justice, and Schooling: A Reader
Authors: Jean-Pierre Johanne
Published: May 2021

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982) recognizes aboriginal and treaty rights (section 25), official bilingualism (sections 16-20), and multiculturalism (section 27). The Charter also protects citizens from discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age, or disability (Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982). The spirit and values instilled by the Charter are significant to the field of education mission statements and policies endorsing diversity, inclusion and equity. Combined with different communities’ advocacy for social change, teachers are increasingly called to impart equal opportunities for all children in increasingly diverse classrooms with equitable curricular and pedagogical practices. In that context, Educators on Diversity, Social Justice and Schooling: A Reader provides insight for practitioners. This book is edited by Sonya E. Singer and Mary Jane Harkins, with each chapter’s authors representing various theoretical and methodological approaches. The book is organized in three thematic sections: diversity, social justice, and schooling.
Levando a política de comunicação para fora da cabine telefônica
Authors: Taylor Gregory , Middleton Catherine A. , Goodrick Paul
Published: May 2021

 The federal government is focused on supporting a fourth cellular carrier because it has not accepted that the future of communication is data, not voice. Understand that, and creative alternatives emerge.
Residential Broadband Networks: Preliminary Findings from a Canadian ‘Information Highway’ Trial
Authors: Middleton Catherine A.
Published: May 2021

There were many broadband network trials in the mid 1990s, but most of them were proprietary undertakings with research results available only to those corporations who participated in the trials. As such, there has been little public or academic discourse about the outcomes of these trials. With consumer access to broadband networks becoming more widespread however, it is important for industry and consumers to learn from the experiences of previous network deployments. This paper presents research results from a Canadian broadband trial. Three key themes are outlined: i) innovative content was developed for this trial, but there was a tradeoff between continued innovation and the necessary stability for the roll out of content; although innovation did not require huge resources, it was not something corporate consortium members did well; ii) getting content to supplement what was developed in-house was extremely difficult, and users’ needs were not always considered when external content was provided; and iii) the killer application was e-mail and the community-based listserv it enabled. The implications of these themes are discussed briefly and future research directions are outlined.
The state of Canada’s tech sector, 2016
Authors: Lamb Creig , Seddon Matthew
Published: May 2021

As the tech sector continues to grow and emerging technologies from around the world become more common, it is now more important than ever to ensure Canada maintains its position as a growing, prominent tech economy.

However, past efforts to define the tech sector, while useful, have almost exclusively focused on the information and communications technology sector. Today, technology has become so ubiquitous across all Canadian industries that this approach understates the true impact that the tech sector has on Canada’s economy.

For this report, we developed the first pan-Canadian definition of Canada’s tech sector using a proven methodology that has defined other sectors internationally. It is our goal to identify the composition and accurately measure the impact that Canada’s tech sector has on the economy.

Using our more encompassing definition, we found that Canada’s tech sector is exceptionally diverse, ranging from digital technologies to aerospace and pharmaceuticals. The sector is also much broader in size, scope and geography than ever before. It is truly a pan-Canadian sector with pan-Canadian impacts.
Improving the Accuracy of Urban Environmental Quality Assessment Using Geographically-Weighted Regression Techniques
Authors: Faisal Kamil , Abdelrahman Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Urban Environmental Quality (UEQ) can be treated as a generic indicator that objectively represents the physical and socio-economic condition of the urban and built environment. The value of UEQ illustrates a sense of satisfaction to its population through assessing different environmental, urban and socio-economic parameters. This paper elucidates the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Geographically-Weighted Regression (GWR) techniques to integrate various parameters and estimate the UEQ of two major cities in Ontario, Canada. Remote sensing, GIS and census data were first obtained to derive various environmental, urban and socio-economic parameters. The aforementioned techniques were used to integrate all of these environmental, urban and socio-economic parameters. Three key indicators, including family income, higher level of education and land value, were used as a reference to validate the outcomes derived from the integration techniques. The results were evaluated by assessing the relationship between the extracted UEQ results and the reference layers. Initial findings showed that the GWR with the spatial lag model represents an improved precision and accuracy by up to 20% with respect to those derived by using GIS overlay and PCA techniques for the City of Toronto and the City of Ottawa. The findings of the research can help the authorities and decision makers to understand the empirical relationships among environmental factors, urban morphology and real estate and decide for more environmental justice.
Canada's local news "poverty"
Authors: Lindgren April , Corbett Jon , Hodson Jaigris
Published: May 2021

Newsrooms outside the big cities are closing, and with them goes the critical information citizens require for everyday life.
Extending and Improving Broadband Infrastructure in Canada: Learning from Australia's National Broadband Network Initiative
Authors: Middleton Catherine A.
Published: May 2021

Presentation to the Canadian Communications Association Conference, Ottawa, May 2009. Presentation to the Canadian Communications Association Conference.
Tonality of Low-Frequency Synthesized Piano Tones
Authors: Cuddy Lola L , Galembo Alexander , Russo Frank
Published: May 2021

The influences of inharmonicity and bandwidth on sensitivity to tonality in the low frequency range (A0 to G#1) were tested in a listening experiment. Participants were presented
a key-defining context (do-mi-do-so) and were asked to rate the goodness of fit of probe tones
to the context. Probe tones were the 12 tones of the chromatic scale beginning on do. The set
of 12 ratings, called the probe-tone profile, was compared to an established standardized profile for the Western tonal hierarchy. Prior research employing this method with real (sampled)
piano tones has suggested that sensitivity to tonality is influenced by inharmonicity, particularly in the lowest octaves of the piano where inharmonicity levels are substantially above
the detection threshold. In the present experiment, sensitivity to tonality was tested using synthesized piano-like tones that were either harmonic or inharmonic. Participants were tested in
either a broadband (no filtering) or low-pass (low-pass filtered at 1 KHz) condition. Sensitivity to tonality was highest in the broadband harmonic condition followed by the broadband
inharmonic condition. No sensitivity to tonality was found for the low-pass conditions; rather,
for both harmonic and inharmonic tones, participants rated probe tones as increasingly good
fit as pitch distance from do decreased.
Keywords: musical pitch, tonality, probe-tone technique, inharmonicity, piano acoustics.
Applying Agile Methodology in Mobile Software Engineering: Android Application Development and its Challenges
Authors: Kaleel Shakira Banu , Harishankar Ssowjanya
Published: May 2021

  

Highly volatile requirements of mobile applications require adaptive software development methods. Several attempts to address challenges in mobile software engineering have found agile methodology to be appropriate for mobile application development. This project report provides a detailed analysis on various challenges involved in mobile software development which are addressed using Agile-SCRUM methodologies. An efficient mobile software development concept derived from Agile-Scrum methodology is designed in this project. A light-weight Android application for secure and incremental backup has been developed using the proposed methodology. An in-depth illustration of the practical experience in developing the application has been discussed. Unlike other prominent languages like  Java, the use of Python for Android platform has emerged recently. Hence developing the secure-backup application in Python was a challenge, which has been dealt in this report. We believe our proposed methodology has a potential to help developers deliver improved quality of mobile applications in short time. Keywords: agile, scrum, mobile software engineering, mobile application, android, python, sl4a
The Couch (Often) Is the Treatment: Giving Voice to Homeless and Street-Involved Youth and their Service Providers In Central East Region
Authors: Gharabaghi Kiaras , Stuart Carol
Published: May 2021

In the Spring of 2008, the Central East Office of the Ministry of Children and Youth Services committed to a review of transfer payment funded residential services within the Children’s Mental Health sector. The review process examined a wide range of issues and themes within service delivery mechanisms pursuant to this sector and worked collaboratively with service providers to ensure that multiple perspectives and approaches informed the process. To this end, the review engaged not only with children’s mental health service providers, but also with the Francophone Community and aboriginal communities within the geographic boundaries of Central East Region. The region provides funding for three youth homeless shelters1 within the Children’s Mental Health funding envelope and therefore one additional group that needed to be given a voice was that of homeless or street-involved youth and their service providers.
Recruitment strategies should not be randomly selected: empirically improving recruitment success and diversity in developmental psychology research
Authors: Moulson Margaret , Sugden Nicole Andrea
Published: May 2021

Psychological and developmental research have been critiqued for the lack of diversity of research samples. Because differences in culture, race, and ethnicity can influence participant behavior, limited diversity limits the generalizability of the findings. These differences may also impact how participants behave in response to recruitment attempts, which suggests that recruitment itself may be leveraged to increase sample diversity. The goal of the current study was to determine what factors, within a recruitment interaction, could be leveraged to increase success and diversity when recruiting families with children for developmental research. Study 1 found three factors influenced success: (1) recruitment was more successful when other potential participants were also interested (i.e., recruiters were busy), (2) recruiters of particular races were more successful than recruiters of other races, and (3) differences in success were related to what the recruiter said to engage the potential participant (i.e., the script). The latter two factors interacted, suggesting some recruiters were using less optimal scripts. To improve success rates, study 2 randomly assigned scripts to recruiters and encouraged them to recruit more vigorously during busy periods. Study 2 found that two factors influenced success: (1) some scripts were more successful than others and (2) we were more successful at recruiting non-White potential participants than White participants. These two interacted, with some scripts being more successful with White and other scripts being more successful with non-White families. This intervention significantly increased recruitment success rate by 8.1% and the overall number of families recruited by 15.3%. These findings reveal that empirically evaluating and tailoring recruitment efforts based on the most successful strategies is effective in boosting diversity through increased participation of children from non-White families.
Estimation and control of a manipulating unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Bonyan Khamseh Hossein
Published: May 2021

A Manipulating Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (MUAV) is an aerial platform equipped with a mechanism to physically interact with its environment. The interaction is realized by means of robotic arm(s), vehicle body or suspension cable(s) and enables a wide range of novel applications including perching, grasping, pick–and–place, load transportation, etc. However, this is a challenging task as MUAVs are inherently unstable platforms with highly nonlinear and coupled dynamics, often associated with moving parts that result in complex modelling, estimation and control problems. This thesis deals with the problem of estimation and control of MUAVs. First, a comprehensive literature survey covering various aspects of MUAVs such as those related to modelling, estimation and control is presented. In the first approach for MUAV state estimation and control, effects of robotic manipulator on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) dynamic equations of motion is treated by adding process noise with unknown noise statistics to conventional UAV dynamic model. With that in mind, state estimating and control of a UAV by means of conventional Kalman filters and their adaptive counterparts are formulated. Having designed Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) laws, it is shown that adaptive Kalman filters provide accurate satisfactory estimation and overall control of a UAV, even with simultaneous uncertain process and measurement noise statistics. Next, in order to improve the estimation and overall control performance of the previous approach, full nonlinear and coupled dynamic modelling of a MUAV based on Euler–Lagrange formulation is presented. Then, a General Unscented Kalman Filter (GUKF) is proposed to accomplish full state estimation of a MUAV, along with LQR control laws. Finally, in order to improve the execution time of GUKF, a computationally–efficient UKF known as Scaled Spherical UKF (SSUKF) with estimation and overall control performance comparable to GUKF is formulated. It is shown that both UKF–based algorithms result in satisfactory estimation and setpoint/trajectory tracking of quadcopter UAV and its robotic manipulator, even in scenarios with increased noise level and a period of total outage of sensory data.
Implementation of Object Recognition Algorithm to enhance Manufacturing and Maintenance Tasks on an Aircraft
Authors: Sundar Abhinav
Published: May 2021

The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the viability of implementation of an object recognition algorithm driven by deep learning for aerospace manufacturing, maintenance and assembly tasks. Comparison research has found that current computer vision methods such as, spatial mapping was limited to macro-object recognition because of its nodal wireframe analysis. An optical object recognition algorithm was trained to learn complex geometric and chromatic characteristics, therefore allowing for micro-object recognition, such as cables and other critical components. This thesis investigated the use of a convolutional neural network with object recognition algorithms. The viability of two categories of object recognition algorithms were analyzed: image prediction and object detection. Due to a viral epidemic, this thesis was limited in analytical consistency as resources were not readily available. The prediction-class algorithm was analyzed using a custom dataset comprised of 15 552 images of the MaxFlight V2002 Full Motion Simulator’s inverter system, and a model was created by transfer-learning that dataset onto the InceptionV3 convolutional neural network (CNN). The detection-class algorithm was analyzed using a custom dataset comprised of 100 images of two SUVs of different brand and style, and a model was created by transfer-learning that dataset onto the YOLOv3 deep learning architecture. The tests showed that the object recognition algorithms successfully identified the components with good accuracy, 99.97% mAP for prediction-class and 89.54% mAP. For detection-class. The accuracies and data collected with literature review found that object detection algorithms are accuracy, created for live -feed analysis and were suitable for the significant applications of AVI and aircraft assembly. In the future, a larger dataset needs to be complied to increase reliability and a custom convolutional neural network and deep learning algorithm needs to be developed specifically for aerospace assembly, maintenance and manufacturing applications.
Influence of Immigration Policies on Supply of Ethnic Business Entrepreneurs in Canada
Authors: Wang Shuguang , Hii Rebecca
Published: May 2021

Traditional theories deal with ethnic business mainly from the perspectives of structural opportunities and ethnic group characteristics. While they explain very well why some ethnic groups have higher rates of business formation and ownership than others, much less attention has been paid to the role of government policies in regulating the inflow of business immigrants and channelling ethnic entrepreneurs and related resources into different business sectors. Using Canada as a case study, this paper examines how changes in immigration policies have influenced business immigrant flows and ethnic business development (since most ethnic businesses are initiated and run by immigrants). This study found that the recent changes in Canada’s immigration programs have resulted in substantial decrease in the inflow of business immigrants, and may turn many resourceful business immigrants to the competing countries of the U.S., Australia and the UK, which all have more affordable and less restrictive investment requirements. The paper suggests that future studies of ethnic business should be expanded to include immigration policies as an explicit facilitating or restricting factor.

Keywords: immigration policy; business immigrants; ethnic business; Canadian immigration
The Visual Semiotics of Fragrance Branding: Exploring Jean Paul Gaultier's "Le Male"
Authors: Tran Brian
Published: May 2021

This major research paper (MRP) examines the visual semiotics of Jean Paul Gaultier’s “Le Male” fragrance for men and how this brand appeals to gay male audiences. It seeks to address the following questions: How do product packaging, print advertising, and video advertising use visual semiotics to appeal to gay male audiences? What image of masculinity is being communicated? And how is gay male desire being commoditized? To answer these questions the study examined three artefacts through a compositional interpretation and a visual semiotic analysis: the fragrance bottle, a print advertisement, and a video commercial. The research demonstrates that “Le Male” appeals to gay male audiences through three strategies: (1) sexual objectification of the male body; (2) use of gay iconography, especially depictions of homoeroticism among sailors and homage to the illustrated erotica of Tom of Finland; and (3) gay-coded visual polysemy. Furthermore, it depicts attractive men with ambiguous sexual orientation as objects of worship.
Jean Paul Gaultier’s “Le Male” integrates the idealized male form into its cologne bottle design, print and video advertisements. Its carefully crafted homoerotic fantasies resonate with a queer aesthetic, but do so within a minimal set of superficial values reflected in the fleetingly beautiful body. This study is relevant to how professional communicators can weave a coherent, visual story through a deeper understanding of rhetorical signs and symbols that resonate with specific subcultures. Findings from this MRP will be discussed along with suggestions for the brand to retain its success among gay consumers. The study also initiates further research in the areas of empirical confirmation, feminist gaze theory, intercultural theory, and multi-sensory branding.
Caring for and Teaching Children of Refugee Parents
Authors: Bernhard Judith K. , Freire Marlinda
Published: May 2021

Caring for and Teaching Children of Refugee Parents
Delivering Services Over Next Generation Broadband Networks: Exploring Devices, Applications and Networks
Authors: Middleton Catherine A.
Published: May 2021

Investment in ‘next generation’ (very high speed) broadband infrastructure is expected to enable access to services that will provide citizens with social and economic benefits. Developing services for access using broadband infrastructure an be quite complicated however. This paper explores how services can be delivered over broadband network infrastructure, outlining four broad categories of access devices, three service delivery platforms and two types of networks. Using Australian data, the paper explores user behaviours and expectations around service delivery, illustrating the need for diversity and choice of service offerings. It also notes the importance of mobile services, and takes the case that wireless broadband connectivity should be part of a national broadband infrastructure.
Sensitivity to tonality across the pitch range
Authors: Russo Frank , Cuddy Lola L , Galembo Alexander , Thompson William F
Published: May 2021

Striking changes in sensitivity to tonality across the pitch range are reported. Participantswere presented a key-defining context (do-mi-do-sol) followed by one of the 12 chromatic tonesof the octave, and rated the goodness of fit of the probe tone to the context. The set of ratings,called the probe-tone profile, was compared to an established standardised profile for the Westerntonal hierarchy. The presentation of context and probe tones at low and high pitch registersresulted in significantly reduced sensitivity to tonality. Sensitivity was especially poor for presen-tations in the lowest octaves where inharmonicity levels were substantially above the thresholdfor detection. We propose that sensitivity to tonality may be influenced by pitch salience (or aco-varying factor such as exposure to pitch distributional information) as well as suprathresholdinharmonicity. 
Welfare effects of preferential trade agreements under optimal tariffs
Authors: Saggi Kamal , Yildiz Halis
Published: May 2021

In a three country model with endogenous tariffs, this paper evaluates and contrasts the welfare effects of free trade agreements (FTAs)and customs unions (CUs) — the two most commonly occurring pref-erential trade agreements (PTAs). We show that if the external tariffof a PTA is not too high, it benefits both members and non-members.We also highlight the implications of a key (but commonly ignored)distinction between the two types of PTAs: while an FTA member canform an another (independent) FTA with an existing non-member, aCU member cannot.  Under a pair of independent bilateral FTAs,the common member’s welfare is higher than that under free trade.Furthermore, if the common member is relatively efficient comparedto the other two countries, such a ‘hub and spoke’ pattern of FTAscan yield higher global welfare than free trade. By contrast, such anoutcome is never possible under a CU. 
The Impact of Aggregate and Sectoral Fluctuations on Training Decisions
Authors: Caponi Vincenzo , Kayahan Cevat Burc , Plesca Miana
Published: May 2021

The
literature has not yet resolved whether the effect of macroeconomic fluctuations on training decisions
is positive or negative. On the one hand, the opportunity cost
to train is lower during downturns, and thus training should
be counter-cyclical. On the other hand, a positive shock may be related to the adoption of new
technologies and increased returns to skill, making
training incidence pro-cyclical. Using the Canadian panel of
Workplace and Employee Survey (WES), we document another
important channel at work: the relative position of
a sector also matters. We find not only that training moves
counter-cyclically with the aggregate business cycle
(more training during downturns), but also that the idiosyncratic sectoral shocks have a positive impact on training incidence (more training in sectors
doing relatively better). These findings help us better understand training decisions by
firms.
Perceptual significance of inharmonicity and spectral envelope in the piano bass range
Authors: Galembo Alexander , Askenfelt Anders , Cuddy Lola L. , Russo Frank
Published: May 2021

Professionals consider the differences in the timbre of bass tones between large grand pianos and small uprights as significant. By tradition this difference has been attributed mainly to lower inharmonicity in grand pianos, due to longer bass strings. In this study, the importance of the spectral envelope, representing the dynamic balance between high-frequency and low-frequency energy in the spectrum, is contrasted against the importance of the level of inharmonicity. Results from two listening tests indicate that the inharmonicity is less important than the spectrum bandwidth in determining the timbre of piano bass tones. 
Asymptotic Theory of Stochastic Choice Functionals for Prospects With Embedded Comotonic Probability Measures
Authors: Cadogan Godfrey
Published: May 2021

We introduce a monotone class theory of Prospect Theory's value functions, which shows that they can be replaced almost surely by a topological lifting comprised of a class of compact isomorphic maps that embed weakly co-monotonic probability measures, attached to state space, in outcome space. Thus, agents solve a signal extraction problem to obtain estimates of empirical probability weights for prospects under risk and uncertainty. By virtue of the topological lifting, we prove an almost sure isomorphism theorem between compact stochastic choice operators, and well defined outcomes which, under Brouwer-Schauder theory, guarantees fixed point convergence in convex choice sets. Along the way we introduce a risk operator in the Hoffman-Jorgensen class of lifting operators, and value function [averaging] operators with respect to Radon measure. In that set up, suitable binary operations on gain-loss space show that our risk operator is isometric for gains and skewed for losses. The point spectrum from this operator constitutes the range of admissible observations for loss aversion index in a well designed experiment.
Global souls and youth moves
Authors: Srivastava Vinita
Published: May 2021

First paragraph: Youth Moves, a new collection of critical essays, seeks to create a sketch of today’s global youth. To begin, editors Nadine Dolby and Fazal Rizvi tell a story about a young woman criss-crossing the globe from the U.S. to South Africa and back to the U.S. to visit relatives. With this image of the “global soul” in mind, Dolby and Rizvi open the conversation into different types of youth movements: both physical and figurative within the milieu of the ever-increasing pace of commodity, culture, and idea generation of today’s networked world.
Are we on the right path to honoring diversity in early education? Lessons learned from Canada
Authors: Bernhard Judith K.
Published: May 2021

What are unique challenges of global migration on Latin American families in Canada? Latin  American  immigrants  in  Canada  are  not  flourishing  in  comparison  to  other  groups.  One can  see  this  by  looking  at  a  number  of  indicators  including,  low  high  school  and  university  graduation rates, low representation at advanced level classes, high drop our rates.   At the group level,  Latin  American  face  high  unemployment,  poor  housing,  and  relative  poverty.  One  of  the  barriers  which  immigrant  parents  may  encounter  in  the  process  of  acculturation  into  their  new  country  is  differing  expectations  about  how  children  should  behave  in  school.  Major  conflicts  may  arise  from  differences  relating  to  the  whole  range  of  child  rearing  and  care  issues,  with  particular emphasis on the ways of handling misbehaviors of children.  
Women in the Field: What Do You Know?
Authors: Rauhala Ann , Lindgren April
Published: May 2021

Although more women than ever work in
Canadian media, their participation in journalism seems
misunderstood or underexplored. That was the message emerging from Women in the Field, a symposium hosted by the Ryerson Journalism Research
Centre in2011. More than 200 journalists and journalism
students gathered to discuss dilemmas facing women–from
covering high-risk events to balancing parenthood with careers. Participants discussed equality in newsrooms, asking whether
women are fairly represented and whether they cover news
differently from men. This narrative literature review reports on what
scholars know about the state of women in Canadian news by identifying common lines of inquiry, comparing conflicting
findings, teasing out ambiguities arising from multidisciplinary
approaches, and pointing to areas requiring further research. Describe your data as well as you can. Formatting is preserved when pasting from other sources and counts towards character limits.