bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking Modulus of the form \(N = p^rq^s\) with Improved Polynomial Attacks
Authors: Shehu Sadiq , Abdullahi Hamza , Ibrahim Aminu A. , Ahmad Rufai
Published: June 2023

Let \(N=p^r q^s\) be prime power moduli where \(p\) and \(q\) are unbalance prime numbers for \(2 \leq s<r\). If \(q<p<\lambda q\) and \(q^s<p^r<\lambda q^s\), and\[\phi(N) \approx \lambda^{\frac{r-s}{2 r}}\left(N^{\frac{r+s}{2 r}+N^{\frac{r+s-2}{2 r}}}\right)-N^{\frac{r+s-1}{2 r}}\left(\lambda^{\frac{r-s+1}{2 r}}+\lambda^{\frac{r-s-1}{2 r}}\right)\]then\[x<\sqrt{\frac{\lambda^{\frac{r-s}{2 r}}\left(N^{\frac{r+s}{2 r}}+N^{\frac{r+s-2}{2 r}}\right)-N^{\frac{r+s-1}{2 r}}\left(\lambda^{\frac{r-s+1}{2 r}}+\lambda^{\frac{r-s-1}{2 r}}\right)}{2 N^{\frac{1+2 \alpha r}{2 r}}}}\]
which leads to the factorization of the moduli \(N=p^r q^s\) in polynomial time. The second assaults on s multi prime power moduli are described \(N_i=p^r_i q^s_i\) for \(i=1,2,..., \omega.\) We use lattice basis reduction techniques to obtain the parameters (x; yi) or (y; xi) after transforming the system of equations into a simultaneous Diophantine approximation problem, and it resulted in simultaneous factorization of s moduli \(N_i\) in polynomial time.
Some Generalized Formula For Sums of Cube
Authors: Mude Lao Hussein , Kayiita Zachary Kaunda , Ndung'u Kinyanjui Jeremiah
Published: June 2023

The study of integer representations as a sum of powers is still a very long standing problem. In this work, the study of integer representation as a sum of cube is introduced and investigated for non-zero distinct integer solution. Let \(a_1\), \(a_2\), \(a_3\), ... , \(a_n\)  and d be any positive integers such that \(a_n\) - \(a_n\)-1= \(a_n\)-1 - \(a_n\)-2 = ... = \(a_2\) - \(a_1\) = d. This study formulates some general results for sums of n cube. In particular, this research introduces and develops the diophantine equation I =(\(a_1\)+\(a_2\)+\(a_3\)+...+\(a_n\)) L = \(a_1^3\)+\(a_2^3\)+\(a_3^3\)+...+\(a_n^3\) for some integer L. The method involves decomposing integer I into sums of n cube and determination of general representation of integer L using case by case basis.
Risk Management in Agricultural Business: Insurance as a Viable Option in Nigeria
Authors: Amusat A. S. , Oyedokun M. O. , Omisope E. T. , Egbetokun O. A.
Published: June 2023

Agriculture contributes to the economy, provides employment, export revenue earnings and poverty eradication.  Although huge capital investment is usually involved, however, a crisis in the sector is capable of crippling the nation.

Agriculture depends heavily on nature and because of the unpredictability of nature, a lot of natural disasters capable of taking investors out of the business are associated with farming.

Agricultural risks are usually multi-perils, and characterized by high severity and frequency.

The need to identify, analyze and consider economic and effective control of the risks can not be overemphasized. Hence, different control measures such as avoidance of risk, loss reduction, loss prevention, retention and risk transfer options were discussed in the paper.

Insurance, a risk management strategy that involves the transfer of the associated uncertainties of an event or activity to a professional risk carrier was identified as a viable option that could effectively mitigate the inherent natural disasters threatening national food security. Stakeholders, especially extension personnel and those saddled with the operation of the Agricultural Insurance Scheme are admonished to create awareness and educate agro-prenuers on the scheme.
Anti-Arthritic Effect of the Aqueous Extracts of the Roots and Barks of Gossypium herbaceous in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Catherine Abeng Edoa , Janvier Youovop , Martin Fonkoua , Guy Takuissu Guemto , Dupon Amamba Akamba , Vidal Nanhah Jules , Grace Fopa Lambou , Julius Oben Enyong
Published: June 2023

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of one or more joints resulting to disability. Age (above 50 years) and life style are the main risk factors. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the aqueous extracts of the roots and barks of Gossypium herbaceum (G. herbaceous) in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) induced rheumatoid arthritis in female wistar rats.

Materials and Methods: In vitro anti-inflammatory tests were conducted through the inhibition of hemolysis and lipid peroxidation. An acute toxicity test of both extracts was done. 25 female Wistar rats were used.  RA was induced in 20 rats (4 groups) by injecting CFA into the sub plantar region of the right hind paw of each rat. On day 25 of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, and the sera were prepared for the evaluation of some inflammatory and biochemical parameters. The paws were dissected and kept for histological analyzes.

Results: The extracts revealed anti-inflammatory activities in vitro, with a higher activity observed from the roots. Both extracts restored body weight and significantly reduced edema compared to the negative control group. The histological analyzes of the RA group revealed the presence of white blood cells in the synovial fluid and cartilage destruction as compared to the groups receiving roots’ aqueous extract and methotrexate. Both extracts significantly restored the levels of some inflammatory and biochemical parameters.

Conclusion: Anti-inflammatory and biochemical tests showed that the aqueous extracts of the roots and barks of G. herbaceous are potentially effective in the management of RA.
Incidence of Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 Infections during the COVID19 Pandemic in Madina, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elbadawy Hossein Mostafa , Khattab Amin Khaled , Aljohani Fahad Dakilallah , Abouzied Mekky , Bahlaq Mohannad A. , Abdalla Khalid Abdelkarim , Aljohani Sultan Hamid M. , Eltahir Heba M. , Alharbi Rania K. , Aljumaidi Talal , Albadrani Muayad , Almikhlafi Mohannad A. , Aldhafiri Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infections emerged in China and spread globally causing the Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic. Dispersed reports from different countries reported the possibility of the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in individual reported cases. The aim of this report was, therefore, to document several recurrent infection cases in Saudi Arabia to furtherly augment this body of evidence.

Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively from October 2020 to October 2021. The study included patients who had experienced multiple COVID-19 infections, which were confirmed through qPCR tests. There was a minimum gap of three months between each infection, and the patients had tested negative after each infection. Personal or phone interviews were conducted with the patients.

Results: In total, 10 cases (7 males and 3 females) of COVID19 recurrent infections were reported with an average age of 34.1 years. The most common symptoms included fever, headache, body aches, sore throat, cough, diarrhea. With the exception of one case that required hospitalization during the third infection and one case of miscarriage during the first infection, all reported cases were mild. The average duration of illness for the first infection was 13.9 days, while for the second infection, it was 12.9 days. Only one patient reported being vaccinated before his second course of infection.

Conclusion: Infection with COVID-19 does not provide life-long protection. The possibility of recurrent and repeated reinfection with COVID-19 was presented in several cases especially in healthcare workers, indicating that screening of COVID19 infection in hospitals and healthcare centers is essential.
The PTTG1/VASP axis promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis by modulating focal adhesion and actin filaments
Authors: Park Suyeon , Lee Sang Shin , Kim Shihyun , Lee Yeonjun , Park Gyeonwon , Kim Jung Oh , Choi Jongho
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of focal adhesions (FAs) are essential physiological processes involved in cell spreading, metastasis, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. FAs are complex structures comprising proteins, such as paxillin and zyxin, which interact with extracellular membranes and influence cell motility and morphology. Although related studies have been reported in various cancers, the function and molecular mechanisms of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unknown. We investigated the coordination between the actin cytoskeleton and FA proteins, specifically introducing pituitary tumor‐transforming gene 1 (PTTG1; also known as PTTG1 regulator of sister chromatid separation, securin) into OSCC. Furthermore, we explored the co‐localization of several FAs and PTTG1 through small interfering RNA (siRNA) control or siRNA‐vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and ‐PTTG1, examining the mechanisms mediated by the induced changes in OSCC both in vitro and in vivo. The knockdown of VASP and PTTG1 regulates the dynamic actin cytoskeleton, restricting cell protrusion and motility from the front to the rear of OSCC cells. Our findings may provide new insights into how cells interact with each other on the surface of FAs in OSCC, influencing metastatic properties.
FDA changes buprenorphine labeling to favor higher doses
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2025

Following upon more than a year of urging from the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and many clinicians in the field, there has been one definitive step toward resolving confusion in doses of buprenorphine. Initially a maximum of 32 milligrams a day was recommended. This then went down to 16. Many providers started with 8. In the era of illicit fentanyl, these doses were not enough, and even in patients not using fentanyl, they may not be enough to prevent craving. In fact, the labeling does not have a maximum daily dose, but there is a “misperception” that it does, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated in a holiday‐week announcement that received little coverage (our January 6 issue was the annual preview/review issue which does not include current news).
Gene Targeting on Point: Targeted Delivery of Tumor Suppressor Gene CHRDL‐1 via Peptide/FA‐Modified Layered Double Hydroxides Partner With JPH203 for Effective Hepatocellular Carcinoma Inhibition
Authors: Sun Zhouyi , Liu Yang , Zeng Tangye , Zuo Huali , Hu Qitao , Tian Zhou , Wang Qianwen , Zhang Bo , Tang Zhe , Chen Weiyu
Published: January 2025

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide annually. However, traditional treatments like surgery, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy have limited efficacy, often accompanied by adverse reactions or drug resistance. Precision therapy via tumor‐specific gene therapy and targeted delivery would potentially improve therapeutic efficiency with desirable biosafety. In this study, CHRDL‐1 is identified in clinic specimens and comprehensively evaluated as a tumor suppressor gene against HCC via activation of the Hippo pathway. By integrating pDNA‐CHRDL‐1, layered double hydroxides, membrane‐penetrating peptide and folic acid, a novel nano‐platform (FT‐BL@P) is designed for HCC‐targeted gene therapy. As prepared FT‐BL@P effectively suppress the growth of HCC cells and induces apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Combined with JPH203, a phase 2 L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT‐1) inhibitor, FT‐BL@P achieves synergistic anti‐tumor effects in a xenograft HCC model, suggesting that the co‐delivery of CHRDL‐1 combined with JPH203 holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.
Narrowband Detection via Charge Collection Narrowing Organic Photodetector Enabled by Low Bandgap Random Terpolymer for Biometric Sensing
Authors: Brunetta Matilde , Qiao Zhuoran , Zamhuri Adibah , Furlan Francesco , Rimmele Martina , Gilhooly‐Finn Peter A. , Cowen Lewis M. , Aniés Filip , Sukpoonprom Patipan , Cazaly Stanley , Panidi Julianna , Eisner Flurin , Heeney Martin , Schroeder Bob C. , Gasparini Nicola
Published: January 2025

Achieving spectrally selective organic photodetectors (OPDs) without using broadband‐absorbing semiconductors with input filtering is a strenuous challenge. Charge collection narrowing (CCN) is a promising strategy to obtain spectrally selective near‐infrared (NIR) OPD by adopting a thick bulk heterojunction (BHJ) as active layers. In this work, a random terpolymer comprised from a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), thiophene (T) and benzothiadiazole (BT), ranDPP‐2TBT, is prepared and used as a donor material in combination with the low bandgap non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) IEICO‐4F. OPDs with a low dark current density (6.88 × 10−9 A cm−2) and a 68 nm full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) narrowband response (R = 0.13 A W−1 at 916 nm) in the near‐infrared are achieved. Finally, an application of the OPD as a biometric heart‐rate sensor via photoplethysmography for real‐time monitoring is demonstrated.
Synthesis of 3‐Organoselenyl Quinolines through the Reduction of Alkynes Mediated by Electrophilic Organoselenium Compounds
Authors: Lutz Guilherme , Caldeira dos Santos Fabíola , Back Davi Fernando , Felix Marcela C. , Deflon Victor M. , Nogueira Cristina Wayne , Zeni Gilson
Published: January 2025

A methodology for the synthesis and functionalization of quinolines was developed. This approach involves the cyclization of 2‐amino arylalkynyl ketones to 3‐(organoselanyl)‐4‐iodoquinolines through a sequential reaction pathway. The process includes: (i) in situ formation of an electrophilic organoselenyl species, (ii) activation of the alkyne‘s carbon‐carbon bond via a seleniranium ion intermediate, (iii) anti‐nucleophilic attack of iodide on the activated triple bond, and (iv) subsequent condensation. The resulting 3‐(organoselanyl)‐4‐iodoquinolines were demonstrated to be versatile substrates, efficiently undergoing Sonogashira cross‐coupling to produce 4‐alkynyl‐quinolines and Ullmann‐type reactions to yield the corresponding sulfides. Furthermore, the 4‐alkynyl‐quinolines were readily converted into selenophene derivatives via halogen‐promoted electrophilic cyclization, highlighting the broad applicability of the developed method.
Synthetic Bilirubin‐Based Nanomedicine Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Modulating Immune Responses
Authors: Kim Dohyeon , Keum Hyeongseop , Kim Ryeowon , Choi Jieun , Prayogo Monica Celine , Kim Hyunjin , Shin Duckhyang , Abuzar Sharif MD , Jo Seunghyun , Kim Pilhan , Park Chang Ook , Jon Sangyong
Published: January 2025

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a growing prevalence worldwide. Topical corticosteroids and non‐steroidal calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are used as first‐line therapies for AD, but various side effects limit their long‐term use. Here, the first synthetic bilirubin(IIIα)‐derived nanoparticle is reported, designated BRNP(IIIα), and shows that it exhibits robust antioxidative and immunomodulatory effects and effectively reduces the clinical symptoms of AD upon topical treatment. BRNP(IIIα) in 1% high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (BRNP(IIIα)/HA) readily infiltrates into the dermis layer, notably downregulates disease‐associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, and suppresses the recruitment of leukocytes and mast cells to AD‐induced lesions. BRNP(IIIα)/HA also significantly reduces the tissue‐resident memory T cell population, suggesting that it may inhibit recurrence. Furthermore, BRNP(IIIα)/HA does not induce any adverse effect related to skin irritation/sensitization or eye irritation in human tissue. Collectively, the findings suggest that BRNP(IIIα)/HA may be useful as an alternative to corticosteroids or CNIs for the safe, effective, and long‐term topical treatment of AD.
Highly Self‐Adhesive and Biodegradable Silk Bioelectronics for All‐In‐One Imperceptible Long‐Term Electrophysiological Biosignals Monitoring
Authors: Mirbakht Seyed Sajjad , Golparvar Ata , Umar Muhammad , Kuzubasoglu Burcu Arman , Irani Farid Sayar , Yapici Murat Kaya
Published: January 2025

Skin‐like bioelectronics offer a transformative technological frontier, catering to continuous and real‐time yet highly imperceptible and socially discreet digital healthcare. The key technological breakthrough enabling these innovations stems from advancements in novel material synthesis, with unparalleled possibilities such as conformability, miniature footprint, and elasticity. However, existing solutions still lack desirable properties like self‐adhesivity, breathability, biodegradability, transparency, and fail to offer a streamlined and scalable fabrication process. By addressing these challenges, inkjet‐patterned protein‐based skin‐like silk bioelectronics (Silk‐BioE) are presented, that integrate all the desirable material features that have been individually present in existing devices but never combined into a single embodiment. The all‐in‐one solution possesses excellent self‐adhesiveness (300 N m−1) without synthetic adhesives, high breathability (1263 g h−1 m−2) as well as swift biodegradability in soil within a mere 2 days. In addition, with an elastic modulus of ≈5 kPa and a stretchability surpassing 600%, the soft electronics seamlessly replicate the mechanics of epidermis and form a conformal skin/electrode interface even on hairy regions of the body under severe perspiration. Therefore, coupled with a flexible readout circuitry, Silk‐BioE can non‐invasively monitor biosignals (i.e., ECG, EEG, EOG) in real‐time for up to 12 h with benchmarking results against Ag/AgCl electrodes.
Precise Sizing and Collision Detection of Functional Nanoparticles by Deep Learning Empowered Plasmonic Microscopy
Authors: Wang Jingan , Sun Yi , Yang Yuting , Zhang Cheng , Zheng Weiqiang , Wang Chen , Zhang Wei , Zhou Lianqun , Yu Hui , Li Jinghong
Published: January 2025

Single nanoparticle analysis is crucial for various applications in biology, materials, and energy. However, precisely profiling and monitoring weakly scattering nanoparticles remains challenging. Here, it is demonstrated that deep learning‐empowered plasmonic microscopy (Deep‐SM) enables precise sizing and collision detection of functional chemical and biological nanoparticles. Image sequences are recorded by the state‐of‐the‐art plasmonic microscopy during single nanoparticle collision onto the sensor surface. Deep‐SM can enhance signal detection and suppresses noise by leveraging spatio‐temporal correlations of the unique signal and noise characteristics in plasmonic microscopy image sequences. Deep‐SM can provide significant scattering signal enhancement and noise reduction in dynamic imaging of biological nanoparticles as small as 10 nm, as well as the collision detection of metallic nanoparticle electrochemistry and quantum coupling with plasmonic microscopy. The high sensitivity and simplicity make this approach promising for routine use in nanoparticle analysis across diverse scientific fields.
Aging‐induced Alternation in the Gut Microbiota Impairs Host Antibacterial Defense
Authors: Gu Peng , Wei Rongjuan , Liu Ruofan , Yang Qin , He Yuxuan , Guan Jianbin , He Wenhao , Li Jiaxin , Zhao Yunfei , Xie Li , He Jie , Guo Qingling , Hu Jiajia , Bao Jingna , Wang Wandang , Guo Jiayin , Zeng Zhenhua , Chen Zhongqing , Jiang Yong , Liu Zhanguo , Chen Peng
Published: January 2025

Older individuals experience increased susceptibility and mortality to bacterial infections, but the underlying etiology remains unclear. Herein, it is shown that aging‐associated reduction of commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii (P. goldsteinii) in both aged mice and humans critically contributes to worse outcomes of bacterial infection. The colonization of live P. goldsteinii conferred protection against aging‐associated bacterial infections. Metabolomic profiling reveals a protective compound, apigenin, generated by P. goldsteinii, antagonizes bacterial clearance defects in aged mice. AMP‐binding protein (ampB) is identified as a key gene involved in apigenin synthesis in P. goldsteinii using homologous recombination in bacteria. Mechanistically, apigenin binds directly to the potential sites on Fgr (M341 and D404), preventing its inhibitory role on Vav1 phosphorylation, and therefore promoting the activation of Cdc42/Rac1, Arp2/3 expression and subsequent actin reorganization, which contributes to the enhanced phagocytosis of macrophages to bacteria. Collectively, the findings suggest that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may impair host defense mechanisms and increase susceptibility to bacterial infections in older adults and highlight the microbiota‐apigenin‐Fgr axis as a possible route to ameliorate aging‐associated antibacterial defects.
Economic Value and Determinants of Postharvest Losses of Tomato at the Retail Level: A Case Study in Kandy District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Thrikawala Sunil , Kandangama Nawarathna B. , Schwab Ben , Weerahewa Jeevika
Published: January 2025

This study quantifies, assesses economic value, and evaluates determinants of losses of tomatoes at the retailer level. Data collected from randomly selected 122 retailers in the Kandy district of Sri Lanka was used for the analysis. On a typical day, a retailer purchases 24 kg of tomatoes at LKR 302 per kg and handles 30 kg. Daily losses account for 4 kg which accounts for 13% of the total volume handled and an economic loss of LKR 75 per kg. Female and educated retailers, as well as those adopting good practices such as discarding damaged tomatoes and using better packaging, experience lower losses and adoption of which is influenced by socioeconomic characteristics and business circumstances. Additionally, lower economic losses were observed among less experienced retailers handling smaller volumes in smaller stores with strong upstream connections. Incentivizing good handling practices among retailers with high losses is recommended.
Phase Level Assessment of Ergonomic Intervention Effectiveness in Reducing Knee Musculoskeletal Disorder Risks During Residential Roof Shingle Installation
Authors: Zerin Nazia , Breloff Scott P. , Dai Fei , Carey Robert E. , Warren Christopher M. , Moore Kevin D. , Hawke Ashley L. , Sinsel Erik W. , Wu John Z.
Published: January 2025

Background

This study aimed to assess how knee savers (KSs) and knee pads (KPs) alleviate risks of knee musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among roofers during various phases of shingle installation. These phases encompass (1) reaching for shingles, (2) placing shingles, (3) grabbing a nail gun, (4) moving to the first nailing position, (5) nailing shingles, (6) replacing the nail gun, and (7) returning to an upright position.

Methods

In a laboratory setting, nine male participants simulated the shingle installation task on a slope‐adjustable roof platform (0°, 15°, and 30° slopes) under four intervention conditions: no intervention (NO); with KPs only (KP); with KSs only (KS); and with both KPs and KSs (BO). Knee flexion, abduction, adduction, and internal/external rotations were measured to assess intervention impact through statistical analysis.

Results

Phase 5 (nailing shingles), one of the riskiest phases, saw reduced knee rotations, with BO and KP interventions being the most effective. Phase 6 (replacing the nail gun) exhibited notable reductions in all knee rotations, primarily due to BO intervention. Significant improvements in certain knee angles for other phases were noted, particularly with BO intervention.

Conclusions

BO and KP can lower knee strain by minimizing extreme knee postures and thereby reducing the risk of MSDs during the installation of shingles, especially at critical periods and on steeper slopes. This study highlights the importance of applying focused ergonomic techniques in the roofing sector to improve workers' musculoskeletal health.
Amino‐Acid‐Induced Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Octahedral Lanthanide Cage
Authors: Zhao Teng , Zhang Yu‐Fei , Wang Guang‐Hao , Wang Xuan‐Xuan , Feng Peng‐Fei , Zang Shuang‐Quan
Published: January 2025

Chiral metal organic cage compounds with excellent circularly polarized luminescent performance have broad application prospects in many fields. Herein, two lanthanide complexes with luminescent properties in the form of racemic hexagonal octahedral cages were synthesized using a tri (β‐diketone) ligand. Eu6(C21H6F15O6)8(H2O)6 exhibited red light emission with high quantum yields of 61 %. Then, we successfully synthesized lanthanide compounds with circularly polarized luminescent activity by chiral induction of the racemic mixture with arginine. The luminescence asymmetry factor was 0.53, and the circularly polarized luminescent merit figure reached 0.323. High‐performance circularly polarized luminescent of racemic cage like compound systems have achieved using cheap and readily available chiral amino acid molecules through chiral induction.
Discrete Hybrid Vanadium‐oxo Cluster as a Targeted Tool for Selective Protein Oxidative Modifications and Cleavage
Authors: Moussawi Mhamad Aly , de Azambuja Francisco , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: January 2025

Understanding the impact of oxidative modification on protein structure and functions is essential for developing therapeutic strategies to combat macromolecular damage and cell death. However, selectively inducing oxidative modifications in proteins under physiological conditions remains challenging. Herein we demonstrate that [V6O13{(OCH2)3CCH2OH}2]2− (V6‐OH) hybrid metal‐oxo cluster can be used for selective protein oxidative cleavage and modifications. We present the first example of a protein‐bound hybrid vanadate cluster, where its interactions with protein surfaces and the redox activity of vanadium enable selective oxidative modifications. Single Crystal X‐ray Diffraction (SC‐XRD) of the V6‐OH and hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) complex revealed that the binding is dictated both by the inorganic core and the organic ligands attached to it. Selective oxidation or cleavage of HEWL occurs under physiological conditions by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in presence of ascorbate (Asc) as a reducing agent. The outcome of the oxidative reaction can be tuned by varying the concentration of V6‐OH to result either in selective oxidation of the amino acid side chains or peptide bond cleavage. LC–MS and crystallography revealed that oxidative modifications were mainly concentrated near the cluster binding sites, providing spatial control of ROS production. This study advances our understanding of vanadium's role in biological systems and demonstrates the potential of hybrid metal‐oxo clusters in protein modification.
Trinuclear Cobalt/Nickel‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks as Fluorescent Sensor Toward Quinolone Antibiotics
Authors: Lin Changjiao , Lu Tianle , Lu Xiaomei , Chen Zilu , Liu Dongcheng , Hu Huan‐Cheng
Published: January 2025

The leakage of quinolone antibiotics may bring serious hazards to plants, animals, and human; thus, the detection of quinolone antibiotics is of great urgent yet remains challenging issue. Herein, two isostructural metal–organic frameworks {[(CH3)2NH2]2[M3(μ3‐O)(BPDC)3(TPP)]·xMeCN·yDMF}n (M = Co, x = 8, y = 1, NS‐13; M = Ni, x = 7, y = 1, NS‐14; H2BPDC = 4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxylic acid; TPP = 2,4,6‐tris(4‐pyridyl)pyridine), have been successfully prepared through solvothermal method. NS‐13 and NS‐14 were three‐dimensional networks built form [M3(μ3‐O)]4+ clusters. Impressively, both NS‐13 and NS‐14 displayed good fluorescence response to norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and enrofloxacin with low limit of detection (LOD) and excellent recyclability, to our best knowledge, which are superior to most of reported metal–organic frameworks. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and fluorescence lifetime experiments uncovered the possible fluorescence probe mechanism of NS‐13 and NS‐14 toward the above‐mentioned quinolone antibiotics. This work extends the application of cluster‐based metal–organic frameworks in the detection of antibiotics.
Pseudoagostic Interaction Based Zirconium Sensing Using 1,2,3‐Triazole and Its Anticarcinogenic Potential Evaluation Through In Vitro and In Silico Approach
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Heena  , Khurana Sumesh , Mithun  , Gill Baljinder Singh , Baliyan Deepanjali , Vikas  , Dege Necmi , Tarcan Erdoğan
Published: January 2025

With excellent yield, high selectivity, and sensitivity new 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles (8a) and (8b) were synthesized via Cu(I) catalyzed click reaction stitching the hydrazone tethered azide moiety with two different alkyne probes. They were subsequently characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and FT‐IR spectroscopy. In addition, X‐ray crystallography offered the full structural elucidation of compounds (4), (5), and (8a). The optical properties of the designed chemosensor (8a) towards Zr(IV) have been assessed through UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The LOD values obtained from absorption and emission spectroscopy are 50 and 0.90 nM, respectively. The pseudoagostic interaction between (8a) and Zr(IV) was established using 1H NMR, mass spectrometry, and FT‐IR spectroscopy. (8a) and (8b) exhibited good antioxidant properties with 0.7135 and 0.856 μM IC50 values and also revealed anticarcinogenic action in both in vitro and docking examinations, it may be anticipated that both probes have the potential to act as antitumor drugs.
Hydroxyethylcellulose and In Situ Formed Crosslinked Poly(Acrylamide‐Co‐2‐Acrylamido‐2‐Methylpropanesulfonic Acid) Based Calcium Ion Embedded Conductive Composite Hydrogels for Flexible Electronic Devices
Authors: Meng Lingling , Liu En , Li Weihao , Ding Shijie , Liu Da
Published: January 2025

Ionic conductive hydrogels (ICHs) have received much attention as ideal candidates for flexible electronic devices. However, conventional ICHs have not been widely used due to their inability to simultaneously possess high toughness and high ionic conductivity. Here, an interpenetrating double network hydrogel designated as HPPC was prepared by photocopolymerizing AM, AMPS, and MBA in the presence of HEC and CaCl2 using irgacure as a photoinitiator. Hydrogen bonding between the HEC and P(AM‐AMPS) formed the interpenetrating network structure. Calcium ions functioned as ionic cross‐linking agents and conductive ions, effectively dissipating energy. A tensile strength of 0.101 MPa, 648% tensile strain, and satisfactory ionic conductivity were exhibited. In addition, the flexible strain sensor based on HEC/P(AM‐AMPS)/CaCl2 hydrogel has excellent sensitivity and can accurately record the movement status of different body parts of the human body. Notably, the specific capacitance of HEC/P(AM‐AMPS)/CaCl2‐CS can reach 30.5 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. Overall, this ion‐conductive hydrogel has potential for flexible electronics.
Risk Factors Influencing Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients With Late‐Life Depression: A Scoping Review
Authors: Jiang Ping , Gao Yunfeng , Wang Lin , Shao Xiaojun , Zhang Lei , Zhu Gang , Duan Li
Published: January 2025

Background

In recent years, cognitive impairment has emerged as a pivotal symptom in elderly patients with depression, exerting a substantial impact on the course and prognosis of diseases. Moreover, it persists even following remission from depression during the rehabilitation period. However, there remains an incomplete understanding of the relevant influencing factors for cognitive impairment in elderly depressed patients, which seriously impedes the development of risk prediction models and the subsequent research on precision intervention programs.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to examine the current state of negative influencing factors and assessment tools for cognitive impairment in patients with late‐life depression (LLD), thereby providing a theoretical framework for the construction of subsequent targeted intervention programs.

Methods

The search strategy employed in this study followed an evidence‐based approach, utilizing a systematic scoping review to thoroughly explore six English and four Chinese databases up until November 2023. Two researchers independently conducted article screening and employed thematic analysis to categorize the results into themes.

Results

Following two rounds of rigorous screening conducted by the evidence‐based research team, data were meticulously extracted and succinctly summarized from five distinct themes encompassing socio‐demographic, physiological, psychological, genetic, and other related factors. In addition, a comprehensive compilation of 19 diverse assessment tools was undertaken. Ultimately, a total of 22 articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this study. These comprised five longitudinal studies, nine pathological controlled studies, five cross‐sectional studies, two cohort studies, and one randomized controlled study.

Conclusion

Cognitive dysfunction is an important symptom of LLD, which seriously affects the survival of patients. At present, the research on its influencing factors mainly includes socio‐demographic, physiological, psychological, genetic, and other related factors. There have been existing cognitive function assessment tools specifically for those 18‐ to 65‐year‐old patients of major depressive disorder, but there is still a lack of reliability and validity tests in LLD.
Corporate Environmentalism and Business Sustainability in Ghana: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Ahenkan Albert , Boon Emmanuel , Akalibey Scholastica , Nordjo Eric
Published: January 2025

The concept of corporate environmentalism (CE) has gained a lot of global attention in recent years as a potential vehicle to achieve sustainable development. Despite the growing awareness of its importance, there is limited empirical research on the current state of sustainability practices and their implementation among businesses in Ghana. Using a multiple case study design grounded in the qualitative approach, the study dwells on desk reviews of existing literature, corporate sustainability reports, and 10 key informant interviews including policymakers, regulators, academics, and practitioners from diverse industries; this study seeks to examine the (i) drivers and motivators, (ii) prospects, (iii) challenges, and (iv) approaches to scale up CE in Ghana. The results of the study revealed that branding, alignment with the sustainable development agenda, commitment to climate action, stakeholder and regulatory pressure, business resilience, and competitiveness are key drivers motivating companies to adopt environmental sustainability practices. The study identified prospects of CE for companies in Ghana including market demand and consumer awareness. Cost savings and operational efficiency offer significant potential, and access to finance presents opportunities for green initiatives. Reputation and brand enhancement are achievable through sustainability efforts but require consistent communication and stakeholder engagement. However, despite growing momentum, companies face challenges including financial constraints, limited access to environmentally friendly technologies, lack of technical expertise, and weak enforcement of environmental regulations. To overcome these obstacles, the article proposes a number of strategies to advance CE in Ghana.
Methods for Defining Climate Change Mitigation Strategies at Organisational Level Review and Outlook
Authors: Desmoitier Nicolas , Roman Jean , Hilloulin Benoit , Rozière Emmanuel , Laurent Alexis
Published: January 2025

The private sector has a pivotal role in contributing to the objective of the Paris Agreement and its 1.5° target. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive framework to define and implement climate change mitigation strategies in organisations. The current study aims to fill this gap by performing a critical review of existing schemes that can make a partial contribution to the definition of such strategies. We found 25 schemes used by private sector or studied in the literature by international NGOs and academic searcher and evaluated them based on 15 criteria developed for this study in order to cover key components of an effective framework for CCMS in organisations. No scheme fulfils all the criteria, but significant differences are observed between them, ranging from 0% to 80% of the criteria met. Based on this analysis, we propose a first harmonized five‐step iterative framework to define organisational climate change mitigation strategies. Eventually, the results of the schemes review and the framework proposal draw up a research agenda to derive robust, credible and operational climate strategies at organizational levels.
Mutation in CDC42 Gene Set as a Response Biomarker for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhang Yingying , Su Zhaoming , Wang Bei , Zhou Yuanyang , Tong Xiaochu , Xie Chengying , Luo Xiaomin , Zhang Sulin , Zheng Mingyue
Published: January 2025

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved great success; however, a subset of patients exhibits no response. Consequently, there is a critical need for reliable predictive biomarkers. Our focus is on CDC42, which stimulates multiple signaling pathways promoting tumor growth. We hypothesize that an impaired function of CDC42 may serve as an indicator of a patient's response to ICI therapy.

Methods

We consider CDC42 and its downstream binding and effector proteins as a gene set, as mutations in these components could lead to defective CDC42 function. To elucidate the biomarker function of mutations within the CDC42 gene set, we curated a comprehensive discovery dataset that included seven ICI treatment cohorts. And we curated two ICI treatment cohorts for validation. We explored the mechanism based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We also examined whether combining a CDC42 inhibitor with ICI could enhance ICI's efficacy.

Results

Mutations in the CDC42 gene set were associated with improved overall survival and progression‐free survival. Furthermore, our analysis of immune response landscapes among different statuses of the CDC42 gene set supports its role as a biomarker. Animal experiments also revealed that the combination of the CDC42 inhibitor (ML141) with anti‐PD‐1 blockade can additively reduce tumor growth.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that the CDC42 gene set mutations could potentially serve as a novel biomarker for the clinical response to ICI treatment. This finding also provides insights into the potential of combining ICI and CDC42 inhibitor use for more efficient patient treatment.
Design and Characterization of a Micro RNA‐200c Detecting Broccoli Fluorescent Light‐up Aptamer
Authors: Kersten Corinna , Zahler Stefan , Schneider Sabine
Published: January 2025

In the last decade the important role of small non‐coding RNAs such as micro RNAs (miRs) in gene regulation in healthy and disease states became more and more evident. The miR‐200‐family of miRs has been shown to play a critical role in many diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders and could be potentially important for diagnosis and treatment. However, the size of miRs of about ~21–23 nt provide challenges for their investigation. Here we report the conversion and optimization of the Broccoli fluorescent light‐up RNA‐aptamer into a specific sensor for miR‐200c using a strand‐displacement design principle. This aptamer can differentiate miR‐200c from its family members whose sequence differ by more than one nucleotide. By adding this in vitro transcribed aptamer to RNA extracts from human cells, we can detect miR‐200c in vitro in a plate reader assay.
Microsurgical Semilunar Bilaminar Technique Halts Progression of Marginal Tissue Recession by Soft Tissue Phenotypic Modification—A Case Report With 3‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Sampoornam Pape Reddy Saravanan , Francis Delfin Lovelina , Rathi Manish , Harish Ruchi , Narayana Ravikiran , Manohar Balaji , Pradhan Shaili
Published: January 2025

Phenotype modification therapy using the novel semilunar flap with xenogeneic collagen matrix improves gingival phenotype, root coverage and increased keratinized tissue width. It also halts the progression of recession, enhances tissue resilience and improved plaque control sustainable over 3 years. Collagen matrix avoids second site surgery and hence less morbidity.
Heart Shaped Anterior Neck Lipoma Mimicking Thyroid Mass: A Case Report
Authors: Ansari Abdus Samad , Chaurasia Dhiraj , Yadav Bikash , Shrestha Season , Basnet Inku Shrestha
Published: January 2025

Lipomas, one of the most common benign tumors, rarely occur in the anterior neck, often misdiagnosed as thyroid masses. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by such lesions. A 58‐year‐old male presented with a painless slowly progressive anterior neck swelling initially mistaken for a thyroid mass. Though clinical examination findings suggested lipoma, the location of swelling influenced the decision toward thyroid mass. The elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level further inclined the diagnosis toward thyroid mass. But imaging and fine needle aspiration cytology shifted the diagnosis toward a lipoma. Surgical excision was performed successfully. The gross and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of lipoma. Anterior neck lipomas pose diagnostic challenges due to their uncommon location. Thorough clinical examination and evaluation is crucial to differentiate them from other neck pathologies, primarily thyroid mass. Surgical excision remains the preferred treatment. Postoperative follow‐up is important to monitor for recurrence and complications. Awareness of anterior neck lipoma is vital among clinicians for early diagnosis and optimal management. Early suspicion of this prevalent condition in the given unusual location can guide them towards appropriate diagnostic approach and treatment decisions, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing diagnostic complexity for healthcare professionals.
Robust Multivariate Dispersion Charts for Quality Control: Application to Sulfur Dioxide Monitoring
Authors: Ajadi Jimoh Olawale , Abbas Nasir , Riaz Muhammad , Ajadi Nurudeen Ayobami , Salami Taofeek Adeola , Adegoke Nurudeen A.
Published: January 2025

This study introduces two robust multivariate Shewhart‐type control charts based on grouped observations to detect changes in the covariance matrix, with a focus on monitoring sulfur dioxide levels during quality control processes. We compute the covariance matrix of observations, and apply the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to penalize it in the in‐control process. Logarithms are then applied to eigenvalues derived through singular value decomposition (SVD) of the shrunken covariance matrix, ensuring robustness to non‐normality in the multivariate data. The proposed methods offer significant advantages, particularly in their ability to maintain robustness to non‐normality without relying on strict distributional assumptions. Performance comparisons using the average run length demonstrate that the proposed charts exhibit superior robustness to normality assumptions compared with existing methods. However, potential limitations include the computational complexity of the shrinkage and SVD processes, which may affect the scalability of large datasets. An application to the white wine production process illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed methods for analyzing complex multivariate chemical data. These findings indicate that the introduced charts enhance the detection of shifts in the covariance matrix of physicochemical properties, thereby improving the reliability of quality control processes in non‐normal environments. This study provides valuable tools for quality engineers and practitioners in industries dealing with multivariate analytical data, contributing to improved process monitoring and control, ensuring higher quality standards, and ensuring consistent product outcomes in fields such as food science and industrial chemistry.
Aqueous Binder with Self‐Emulsifying Characteristics for Practical Si/C Anode in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Li Xvfeng , Chen Xiaofeng , Sun Minqiang , Wang Gengchao
Published: January 2025

Silicon/carbon (Si/C) materials have achieved commercial applications as a solution to the problems of large volume expansion and short lifespan of silicon‐based anodes in lithium‐ion batteries. However, the potential risk of structural fracture and localized differences in surface adsorption properties lead to difficulties in maintaining the structural integrity of Si/C anodes using conventional binders during repeated lithiation/delithiation. Herein, an aqueous binder (PVA‐g‐M) based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) grafted methacrylic acid (MAA) obtained by self‐emulsifying emulsion polymerization is reported. The introduction of carboxyl groups of MAA enables PVA‐g‐M to form more hydrogen bonds, thereby enhancing both the cohesion of the binder film and its adhesion to silicon‐based surface. Simultaneously, the methyl‐containing segments of MAA can wet the carbon‐based surface, thereby enhancing the adhesion of PVA‐g‐M to carbonaceous materials. In addition, the hydroxyl groups on both the PVA segments and the silicon surface can be esterified with the carboxyl groups during the heat treatment, thus further improving the bonding strength. As‐prepared Si/C anodes with PVA‐g‐M binder can significantly inhibit the electrode volume expansion and maintain high structural integrity during cycling as well as form SEIs with high lithium fluoride content, showing excellent cycling stability (81.1 % capacity retention after 300 cycles).
Prednisolone versus antihistamine for allergic rhinitis: No significant difference found in randomized trial
Authors: Skröder Carl , Hellkvist Laila , Westin Ulla , Sahlstrand‐Johnsson Pernilla , Hansson Kerstin , Karlsson Agneta , Dahl Åslög , Bjermer Leif , Cardell Lars Olaf
Published: January 2025

Background

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) impacts public health by affecting work productivity and quality of life. The Swedish tree pollen season starts in February with alder and hazel pollination, followed by birch and ends with oak in May. Systemic corticosteroids are often prescribed when topical treatments fail, despite limited evidence supporting their efficacy.

Objective

To compare the effectiveness of prednisolone tablets versus antihistamine tablets in reducing symptoms and medication usage in patients with moderate to severe tree pollen‐induced AR.

Methods

This interventional single‐center, double‐blinded randomized trial included 34 patients. Treatment was initiated, and symptoms were registered during the tree pollen season. The two groups received either prednisolone tablets (20 mg) or ebastine tablets (20 mg) for 7 days. Treatment effects were evaluated by comparing daily symptom scores, use of topical medication, and a combined symptom‐medical score between the groups. Quality of life was recorded at the start and after 3 weeks.

Results

Both interventions demonstrated efficacy in enhancing quality of life metrics. The area under the curve (AUC) for the combined symptom severity and medication usage score averaged 34.0 (SD = 19.1, 95% CI = 24.5–43.4) in the group treated with prednisolone. This was marginally lower than the control group, with an AUC of 32.6 (SD = 13.2, 95% CI = 25.6–39.7). The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.80). Both groups exhibited only mild adverse events, which were statistically comparable in frequency and severity.

Conclusions

Prednisolone tablets did not show superior efficacy over antihistamine tablets in reducing symptoms or medication usage in tree pollen‐induced AR. These results suggest that systemic corticosteroids may not provide additional benefits over antihistamines, and clinicians should prioritize individualized treatment based on patient preferences and tolerability.