bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-frequency fiber laser at 1627 nm based on a self-designed Er-doped hybridized glass fiber
Authors: Li Jialong , Yang Changsheng , Jiang Kui , Zhao Qilai , Mo Shiman , Duan Yezhen , Zhang Yu , Li Li , Zhou Shifeng , Feng Zhouming , Yang Zhongmin , Xu Shanhui
Published: October 2023

Aiming at applications like expanding usable wave band of optical telecommunication and preparing Sr optical lattice clocks, a 1627 nm single-frequency fiber laser (SFFL) is demonstrated based on a 7-m-long self-designed Er-doped hybridized glass fiber (EDHF) and a linear cavity configuration with a loop mirror filter (LMF). By inserting a 10-m-long unpumped commercial Er-doped fiber as a dynamic Bragg grating into the LMF, a stable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) laser with an output power of about 10 mW is obtained. The optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of SFFL is over 50 dB, and the linewidth is about 3.7 kHz. The measured relative intensity noise (RIN) is less than ­140 dB/Hz at frequencies of over 0.5 MHz, and a power variation in 1 h is less than ±0.26%. To our best knowledge, it is the first demonstration of a SFFL operating at the U-band. This 1627 nm SFFL can provide advanced light source technology support for many cutting-edge applications.
Ultra-high extinction ratio optical pulse generation with a thin film lithium niobate modulator for distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Shen Yuan , Shu Xiaoqian , Ma Lingmei , Yu Shaoliang , Chen Gengxin , Liu Liu , Ge Renyou , Chen Bigeng , Rao Yunjiang
Published: October 2023

We experimentally demonstrate ultra-high extinction ratio (ER) optical pulse modulation with an electro-optical modulator (EOM) on thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) and its application for fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). An interface carrier effect leading to a relaxation-tail response of TFLN EOM is discovered, which can be well addressed by a small compensation component following the main driving signal. An ultra-high ER > 50 dB is achieved by canceling out the tailed response during pulse modulation using the EOM based on a cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure. The modulated optical pulses are then utilized as a probe light for a DAS system, showing a sensitivity up to −62.9  dB  ⋅  rad/Hz2 (7 pε/√Hz) for 2-km single-mode sensing fiber. Spatial crosstalk suppression of 24.9 dB along the fiber is also obtained when the ER is improved from 20 dB to 50 dB, clearly revealing its importance to the sensing performance.
Predictability awareness rather than mere predictability enhances the perceptual benefits for targets in auditory rhythms over targets following temporal cues
Authors: Heynckes Miriam , Hoffmann Kim , Formisano Elia , De Martino Federico , De Weerd Peter
Published: October 2023

Sounds following a cue or embedded in a periodic rhythm are processed more effectively than sounds that are part of an aperiodic rhythm. One might also expect that a sound embedded in a periodic rhythm is processed more effectively than a sound following a single temporal cue. Such a finding would follow the theory that the entrainment of neural rhythmic activity by periodic stimuli renders the prediction of upcoming stimuli more efficient. We conducted a psychophysical experiment in which we tested the behavioral elements of this idea. Targets in periodic and aperiodic rhythms, if they occurred, always appeared at the same moment in time, and thus were fully predictable. In a first condition, participants remained unaware of this. In a second condition, an explicit instruction on the temporal location of the targets embedded in rhythms was provided. We assessed sensitivity and reaction times to the target stimuli in a difficult temporal detection task, and contrasted performance in this task to that obtained for targets temporally cued by a single preceding cue. Irrespective of explicit information about target predictability, target detection performance was always better in the periodic and temporal cue conditions, compared to the aperiodic condition. However, we found that the mere predictability of an acoustic target within a periodic rhythm did not allow participants to detect the target any better than in a condition where the target’s timing was predicted by a single temporal cue. Only when participants were made aware of the specific moment in the periodic rhythm where the target could occur, did sensitivity increase. This finding suggests that a periodic rhythm is not automatically sufficient to provide perceptual benefits compared to a condition predictable yet not rhythmic condition (a cue). In some conditions, as shown here, these benefits may only occur in interaction with other factors such as explicit instruction and directed attention.
“Cultura del discurso crítico”: la identidad de los intelectuales según la perspectiva sociolingüística de Gouldner
Authors: Fraga Eugenia
Published: October 2023

¿Cuál es la identidad de los intelectuales? ¿Cuáles son los elementos que la definen? En este trabajo queremos responder a estas preguntas desde la perspectiva de una figura relevante pero parcialmente olvidada de la teoría social del siglo XX: Alvin Ward Gouldner. Gouldner se inscribe en el llamado “giro lingüístico”: el lenguaje, la comunicación y el discurso devienen el centro de sus preocupaciones. En particular, el modo en que el autor adopta dicho giro es a partir de la combinación creativa de la herencia de tres antiguos abordajes interesados en estas mismas cuestiones: el pragmatismo —enfocado en la argumentación y la lógica—, la hermenéutica —abocada a la interpretación y la comprensión—, y el “marxismo culturalista” —centrado en los símbolos y las representaciones—. Con todas estas herencias, da forma a una propuesta sociolingüística particular desde la cual construye una mirada novedosa acerca de la identidad específica de la clase intelectual, a la que denominará “cultura del discurso crítico”. La definición de esta identidad y de sus elementos constituyentes la realizaremos a partir del estudio pormenorizado de la obra gouldneriana abocada a tal cuestión: sus textos producidos entre 1976 y 1981.
La casa como un nido. Presentación
Authors: Merklen Denis
Published: October 2023

Con este texto presentamos el número monográfico “La casa como un nido”.  El propósito de este número es alimentar una reflexión sobre la casa en clave sociológica y antropológica. El punto de partida de esa reflexión es la ya clásica propuesta de Gaston Bachelard de considerar la casa “como un nido” (La poétique de l’espace, 1957). Una propuesta, sin embargo, casi siempre citada como en exergue, como epígrafe, pero casi nunca seguida en sus consecuencias. Tal programa nos acerca de la vida tanto como nos aleja del modo en que la sociología urbana, el urbanismo y la arquitectura consideran el problema, más cerca al concepto de “vivienda” que a la poética de la “casa”. Tal proyecto no encuentra aquí sino un conjunto de aproximaciones que invitan a continuar explorando un tema que, así planteado, es evidentemente inagotable. El número inicia en la sección Fundamentales con el clásico texto de Roberto DaMatta “Espacio. Casa, calle y otro mundo: el caso de Brasil”, traducido al castellano para la ocasión. Tras este, el número cuenta con las contribuciones de Denis Merklen, Pablo Semán, Claudia Girola, Gabriel Gatti y Elixabete Imaz, Sebastián Aguiar, Natalia Montealegre y Marcelo Rossal, y Eva Sotomayor, a las que se suman —en la sección Papeles Críticos— el trabajo de Iñaki Robles y el de Maïwenn Raoul.
Present’s actualizing and future’s becoming possible
Authors: Friebe Cord
Published: October 2023

The paper spells out the thesis that the crucial, substantial move of presentism should be to temporalize modality. The present is not simply actual, and the future not simply possible, but the present is becoming actual, and the present’s becoming actual is future’s becoming possible (and past’s becoming necessary). I will argue that by so temporalizing modality, as modes of becoming rather than of being, the presentists can make room for the future (and the past), can answer the triviality-objection raised against them, and can provide a specific account of presentist change.
A digitális platformok és társadalmi felelősségvállalás
Authors: Hetesi Erzsébet
Published: October 2023

A tanulmány a digitális platformok társadalmi és környezeti hatásait tekinti át, és igyekszik felhívni a figyelmet arra, hogy az új technológiai forradalom eredményezte előnyöknek ára van. A téma nagyon sokrétű, így ez a tanulmány csak a fenntarthatósági, környezeti és etikai kérdéseket járja körül, miközben igyekszik az üzleti digitális platformokat is figyelembe venni. A szekunder kutatás elgondolkodtató eredménye, hogy sokkal több az előnyöket hangsúlyozó tanulmány, ám nagyon kevés, és erősen visszafogott azon kutatások, adatokon alapuló megállapítások köre, amelyek a hátrányokkal, kockázatokkal foglalkoznak. Bár a publicisztikai írásokban számtalan adat áll rendelkezésre a digitális üzleti platformokról is, ezek a kérdések csak ritkán jelennek meg a mérvadó folyóiratokban publikált tudományos kutatások körében. Az összefoglaló következtetése pedig az, hogy amennyiben ezeket a változásokat nem kezeljük kellő óvatosággal, jószándékú kritikával, és figyelmen kívül hagyjuk a kockázatokat, úgy a digitalizáció kapcsán fetisizált előnyök nagyon könnyen köddé válhatnak.
Effect of Loneliness on Life Satisfaction among College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Han Seung-Woo , Kim Eun-Young
Published: October 2023

This paper reports the mediation effect of gratitude on the influence of loneliness on life satisfaction among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted in April 2022 on 282 college students who live in K City, Republic of Korea, to measure loneliness, life satisfaction, and gratitude. We used structural equations to identify relationships among variables. Loneliness was negatively correlated with both life satisfaction and gratitude, but gratitude was positively correlated with life satisfaction. Gratitude partially mediated the effect of loneliness on life satisfaction. This result indicates that loneliness had a direct effect on life satisfaction, but the effect was affected by gratitude. Therefore, when considering the contextual factors due to the COVID-19 pandemic, college students' life satisfaction must be promoted, and positive psychological capital such as gratitude should be cultivated. This study contributes to understanding the mental health of college students who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic and to promoting this health by increasing each individual's life satisfaction.
Improvements for Efficient Operation of the Fire Safety Experience Center
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Bo Bae , Oh Myung-Keun , Hwang Hee Young , Ryu Sang Il
Published: October 2023

Through the systematic operation of the experience center through the safety management manual, the awareness of the need to prevent safety accidents, acquire basic knowledge about major disasters, social disasters, and various accidents, and learn how to deal with disasters and accidents has spread. Fire safety education is a device that can prevent unsafe conditions and dangerous behaviors in advance and minimize the damage caused by similar sudden accidents even if they occur, and although there are differences in the experience and need for safety education among people, most people feel the need for fire safety education. Therefore, since the 2000s, ministries such as the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, and Ministry of Employment and Labor have been expanding safety experiential education facilities in specific fields through their affiliated organizations, starting with the Seoul Civil Safety Laboratory. As such, we would like to explore ways to prevent safety accidents caused by duplication of experience contents and inability to deploy specialized personnel due to indiscriminate construction and operation of safety experience education facilities by city, province, and management entity, and to explore ways to systematically and effectively operate them.
Transformar concepciones de enseñanza de la lectura a partir de la práctica en el aula de primera infancia
Authors: Urrego-González Liliana , González-Suárez Ana Lizbeth
Published: October 2023

Este escrito enfatiza en el ejercicio de trasformación de la práctica de enseñanza a partir del cambio en las concepciones relacionadas con la enseñanza de la lectura en la primera infancia y el rol del docente; para ello la docente realizó un ejercicio de reflexión donde descubrió que debe innovar en su aula a través del diseño y desarrollo de una estrategia de enseñanza diferente, que le permita evidenciar aprendizajes significativos en sus estudiantes. Después de un largo camino a través de ciclos de reflexión en torno a las prácticas de enseñanza en el aula, como las planteados por Kemmis y Mctaggart (1988); Elliot (2002); y Restrepo (2004), decidió implementar una secuencia didáctica para la enseñanza de la lectura en su aula, lo que implica hacer planeaciones, con objetivos claros y metas que promueven aprendizajes significativos tanto en ella como en sus estudiantes. De lo anterior se destaca la concepción de la lectura como construcción de significados y de su enseñanza como un proceso de articulación entre el alfabetismo emergente y las prácticas de alfabetización inicial que se fundamentan en la construcción social y la comunicación que supera la decodificación.
Relatos de experiencia: insumos para pensar lo pedagógico en educación inicial
Authors: Martin-Cardinal María Consuelo , Gil-Cardona Mónica , Durán-Chiappe Sandra Marcela
Published: October 2023

El estudio tuvo como propósito profundizar en el saber de la experiencia que ha construido un grupo de maestras durante cuatro generaciones, respecto al trabajo educativo con primera infancia en el Instituto Pedagógico Nacional y en un Centro de Desarrollo Infantil del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar. El horizonte metodológico de la investigación biográfico narrativa acudió a los relatos pedagógicos para ilustrar el acontecer de la educación inicial en Bogotá. Uno de los principales hallazgos está asociado a la importancia de la alfabetización cultural a través del juego, el movimiento, el arte, literatura y la exploración del medio, las estrategias pedagógicas, los tiempos y espacios y el reconocimiento profesional de las maestras.
Incidence, Risk Score Performance, and In-Hospital Outcomes of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Segar Matthew W. , Marzec Alexander , Razavi Mehdi , Mullins Karen , Molina-Razavi Joanna E. , Chatterjee Subhasis , Shafii Alexis E. , Cozart Jennifer R. , Moon Marc R. , Rasekh Abdi , Saeed Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Background:

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) frequently complicates cardiac surgery. Predicting POAF can guide interventions to prevent its onset. This study assessed the incidence, risk factors, and related adverse outcomes of POAF after cardiac surgery.

Methods:

A cohort of 1,606 patients undergoing cardiac surgery at a tertiary referral center was analyzed. Postoperative AF was defined based on the Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ criteria: AF/atrial flutter after operating room exit that either lasted longer than 1 hour or required medical or procedural intervention. Risk factors for POAF were evaluated, and the performance of established risk scores (POAF, HATCH, COM-AF, CHA2DS2-VASc, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk scores) in predicting POAF was assessed using discrimination (area under the receiver operator characteristics curve) analysis. The association of POAF with secondary outcomes, including length of hospital stay, ventilator time, and discharge to rehabilitation facilities, was evaluated using adjusted linear and logistic regression models.

Results:

The incidence of POAF was 32.2% (n = 517). Patients who developed POAF were older, had traditional cardiovascular risk factors and higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk scores, and often underwent valve surgery. The POAF risk score demonstrated the highest area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (0.65), but risk scores generally underperformed. Postoperative AF was associated with extended hospital stays, longer ventilator use, and higher likelihood of discharge to rehabilitation facilities (odds ratio, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.73-3.08).

Conclusion:

This study observed a high incidence of POAF following cardiac surgery and its association with increased morbidity and resource utilization. Accurate POAF prediction remains elusive, emphasizing the need for better risk-prediction methods and tailored interventions to diminish the effect of POAF on patient outcomes.
The Relevance of Home-Grown Solutions: A Comparative Analogy of Gacaca and Abunzi Mediation in Rwanda
Authors: Tangwe Abraham Tamukum , Victoire Gloire Sebuyange , Benyin Patrick Kofi
Published: October 2023

This paper examines the impact of the Gacaca and its contributions to the restoration of justice and reconciliation in Rwanda after the genocide, in relation to the Abunzi committees with the objective of assessing its relevance and why it was disbanded. The rationale is to know how the Gacaca system inspired a series of other home-grown solutions aiming at disputes settlement in a peaceful way, with much emphasis to the Abunzi committees. To attain this, the researchers adopted a qualitative approach using a thematic review through a desk study where a thematic analysis was   used to compare and contrast the relevance of Gacaca and Abunzi with content analysis propagated deductively in an iterative manner. The findings indicated that the Gacaca and the Abunzi contributed tremendously to the acquisition of transitional justice in Rwanda as well as eradicating the culture of impunity and dispensing justice to the victims. Moreover, these courts laid the foundation of peace, reconciliation and unity. Perceptively, the Rwandese acknowledged the role of these courts because it exposed what had happened in their local communities and assisted many families to identify their missing family members and relatives thereby enhancing the importance of the sustainability of home-grown solutions. In perspective, this study will create an awareness in establishing a home-grown solution and will act as an addition to the yawning gap of the lack of documents. Members of the Gacaca and the Abunzi should undertake building of their capacity to be schooled in mediation as well as the government should be able to provide resources and trainings to boost their outputs.
On the Impossibility of a Purely Objective Economic Theory of Crime
Authors: Miceli Thomas J.
Published: October 2023

This essay argues that a purely objective economic theory of crime (i.e., one devoid of moral or ethical judgments) is impossible. The basis for this claim is the reciprocal nature of causation in externality settings as first pointed out by Coase (1960), which renders the definition of harm indeterminate. At most, economic theory can prescribe an efficient pricing scheme once the direction of causation, and hence the nature of harm, has been defined. The essay concludes by discussing the implications of this idea for civil disobedience, cancel-culture, and victimless crimes.
Reliable detection and quantification of selective forces in language change
Authors: Guerrero Montero Juan , Karjus Andres , Smith Kenny , Blythe Richard A.
Published: October 2023

Language change is a cultural evolutionary process in which variants of linguistic variables change in frequency through processes analogous to mutation, selection and genetic drift. In this work, we apply a recently-introduced method to corpus data to quantify the strength of selection in specific instances of historical language change. We first demonstrate, in the context of English irregular verbs, that this method is more reliable and interpretable than similar methods that have previously been applied. We further extend this study to demonstrate that a bias towards phonological simplicity overrides that favouring grammatical simplicity when these are in conflict. Finally, with reference to Spanish spelling reforms, we show that the method can also detect points in time at which selection strengths change, a feature that is generically expected for socially-motivated language change. Together, these results indicate how hypotheses for mechanisms of language change can be tested quantitatively using historical corpus data.
Characterization of Hilbert C*-module higher derivations
Authors: Ekrami S. Kh.
Published: October 2023

Let

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

be
a Hilbert

C
*

{\mathrm{C}^{*}}

-module. In this paper, we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between all Hilbert

C
*

{\mathrm{C}^{*}}

-module higher derivations

{

φ
n

:

ℳ
→
ℳ

}

n
=
0

∞

{\{\varphi_{n}:\mathcal{M}\rightarrow\mathcal{M}\}_{n=0}^{\infty}}

with

φ
0

=
I

{\varphi_{0}=I}

satisfying

φ
n

(

〈
x
,
y
〉

z
)

=

∑

i
+
j
+
k

=
n

〈

φ
i

(
x
)

,

φ
j

(
y
)

〉

φ
k

(
z
)

 

(
x
,
y
,
z
∈
ℳ
,
n
∈
ℕ
∪

{
0
}

)

\varphi_{n}(\langle x,y\rangle z)=\sum_{i+j+k=n}\langle\varphi_{i}(x),\varphi_%
{j}(y)\rangle\varphi_{k}(z)\quad(x,y,z\in\mathcal{M},\,n\in\mathbb{N}\cup\{0\})

and all Hilbert

C
*

{\mathrm{C}^{*}}

-module derivations

{

ψ
n

:

ℳ
→
ℳ

}

n
=
1

∞

{\{\psi_{n}:\mathcal{M}\rightarrow\mathcal{M}\}_{n=1}^{\infty}}

satisfying

ψ
n

(

〈
x
,
y
〉

z
)

=

〈

ψ
n

(
x
)

,
y
〉

z
+

〈
x
,

ψ
n

(
y
)

〉

z
+

〈
x
,
y
〉

ψ
n

(
z
)

 

(
x
,
y
,
z
∈
ℳ
,
n
∈
ℕ
)

,

\psi_{n}(\langle x,y\rangle z)=\langle\psi_{n}(x),y\rangle z+\langle x,\psi_{n%
}(y)\rangle z+\langle x,y\rangle\psi_{n}(z)\quad(x,y,z\in\mathcal{M},\,n\in%
\mathbb{N}),

and we show that for every Hilbert

C
*

{\mathrm{C}^{*}}

-module higher derivation

{

φ
n

}

n
=
0

∞

{\{\varphi_{n}\}_{n=0}^{\infty}}

on

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

, there exists a unique sequence of Hilbert

C
*

{\mathrm{C}^{*}}

-module derivations

{

ψ
n

}

n
=
1

∞

{\{\psi_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty}}

on

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

such that

ψ
n

=

∑

k
=
1

n

(

∑

∑

j
=
1

k

r
j

=
n

(

-
1

)

k
-
1

⁢

r
1

⁢

φ

r
1

⁢

φ

r
2

⁢
…
⁢

φ

r
k

)

\psi_{n}=\sum_{k=1}^{n}\biggl{(}\sum_{\sum_{j=1}^{k}r_{j}=n}(-1)^{k-1}~{}r_{1}%
\varphi_{r_{1}}\varphi_{r_{2}}\dots\varphi_{r_{k}}\biggr{)}

for all positive integers n, where the inner summation is taken over all positive integers

r
j

{r_{j}}

with

∑

j
=
1

k

r
j

=
n

{\sum_{j=1}^{k}r_{j}=n}

.
3D biomimetic scaffold’s dimensional accuracy: a crucial geometrical response for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Gade Siddhant , Vagge Shashikant
Published: October 2023

Additive manufacturing has emerged as a trending methodology for producing different simple to complex geometries in minimum lead time, which in turn gives better quality attributes when compared to conventional manufacturing procedures. Fabrication of polylactic acid-based porous scaffold prototypes by 3-dimensional printing has been extensively performed successfully by many researchers. The dimensional accuracy of the 3-dimensional printed part is a very crucial aspect of bone tissue engineering. Dimensional precision of 3-dimensional biomimetic scaffolds has been a response characteristic somehow less focused on by researchers, though it is essential as it acts as a stereotype for defect recuperation while consequently developing extracellular matrix and bone regeneration. The present paper fosters re-tuning the process parameters of a fused deposition modeling based 3-dimensional printer while considering the dimensional precision as a response parameter by the Taguchi optimization technique using a full factorial design L27 orthogonal array set of design of experiments. The crystallinity of the polylactic acid filament material was assessed using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The thermal breakdown of filament material was investigated utilizing a thermogravimetric analyzer. According to Taguchi’s signal-to-noise ratios, the optimum values were 0.14 mm of layer thickness, 20 mm s−1 of printing speed, and 80 % of infill percentage. In order to justify the results, response surface methodology was employed. R-square values for Taguchi and the response surface models were 88.61 % and 68.71 %, respectively.
Matching on Noise: Finite Sample Bias in the Synthetic Control Estimator
Authors: Cummins Joseph , Miller Douglas L. , Smith Brock , Simon David
Published: October 2023

We investigate the properties of a systematic bias that arises in the synthetic control estimator in panel data settings with finite pre-treatment periods, offering intuition and guidance to practitioners. The bias comes from matching to idiosyncratic error terms (noise) in the treated unit and the donor units’ pre-treatment outcome values. This in turn leads to a biased counterfactual for the post-treatment periods. We use Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the determinants of the bias in terms of error term variance, sample characteristics and DGP complexity, providing guidance as to which situations are likely to yield more bias. We also offer a procedure to reduce the bias using a direct computational bias-correction procedure based on re-sampling from a pilot model that can reduce the bias in empirically feasible implementations. As a final potential solution, we compare the performance of our corrections to that of an Interactive Fixed Effects model. An empirical application focused on trade liberalization indicates that the magnitude of the bias may be economically meaningful in a real world setting.
Strong limit of processes constructed from a renewal process
Authors: Bardina Xavier , Rovira Carles
Published: October 2023

We construct a family of processes, from a renewal process, that have realizations that converge almost surely to the Brownian motion, uniformly on the unit time interval. Finally, we compute the rate of convergence in a particular case.
Hilfer proportional nonlocal fractional integro-multipoint boundary value problems
Authors: Samadi Ayub , Ntouyas Sotiris K. , Cuntavepanit Asawathep , Tariboon Jessada
Published: October 2023

In this article, we introduce and study a boundary value problem for(k,χ¯*)\left(k,{\bar{\chi }}_{* })-Hilfer generalized proportional fractional differential equation of order in an interval (1, 2], equipped with integro-multipoint nonlocal boundary conditions. In the scalar case setting, the existence results are proved via Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative and Krasnosel’skiĭ’s fixed point theorem, while the existence of a unique solution is established by applying Banach’s contraction mapping principle. In Banach’s space setting, an existence result is proved via Mönch’s fixed point theorem and the measure of noncompactness. Finally, the obtained theoretical results are well illustrated by constructed examples.
Investigation of recycled materials for radiative cooling under tropical climate
Authors: Han Di , Fei Jipeng , Wan Man Pun , Li Hong , Ng Bing Feng
Published: October 2023

As a sustainable alternative to using virgin polymer, we propose the use of recycled polymer for the fabrication of passive radiative cooling materials to tackle both the increasing demand for cooling systems and to upcycle plastic waste. Using recycled acrylic sheets as the binder for BaSO4 thorough sol–gel method, a sustained 1.2 °C sub-ambient temperature during daytime and 3 °C sub-ambient temperature during nighttime was achieved under the hot and humid conditions of the tropical climate. The coating achieved 97.7 % solar reflectance and 95 % infrared emittance. Separately, when porosity is introduced to recycled acrylic sheets through a phase inversion method, a near-ambient temperature during noontime and sustained sub-ambient temperature of 2.5 °C during nighttime was achieved (with 96.7 % solar reflectance). Comparable performances are also obtained using recycled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam.
A tökéletes piacok zárt rendszerétől a hálózatelmélet nyitott modelljéig
Authors: Oroszi Sándor
Published: October 2023

Meglehetősen kockázatos feladatra vállalkoztam, midőn a gazdaság alapvető intézményrendszerének tekintett tökéletes piachálózat több évszázados funkcionálásának kérdését állítottam elemzésem fókuszába. A közgazdaságtan megteremtői módszertanilag zárt modellnek tételezték a gazdaságot, amelyben a folyamatok szabadon, állami befolyástól mentesen mehetnek végbe.

Mire azonban a közgazdaságtan kiteljesíthette volna magyarázó funkcióját, meghatározó változások következtek be – amelyek állandóan halmozódtak - a gazdasági feltételekben. A tudomány legjelesebb képviselői a saját kutatási területükön észlelt ellentmondásokra igyekeztek megoldásokat találni, ennek során azonban akaratlanul is átlépték a modell egészének határvonalait. A gyakran közgazdasági Nobel-díjakkal elismert tudományos produktumokat azonban már nem lehet visszaparancsolni az Általános Egyensúlyelmélet Pandora szelencéjébe, azok attól függetlenül töltik be tudományos funkcióikat.

A kiéleződő feszültségeket újabb és újabb matematikai feltételek, korlátok megfogalmazásával igyekeztek eliminálni, hogy azok ne vezessenek a modell robbanásához, széteséséhez. E kísérletek eredményeként a modell konzisztenciája ugyan fennmaradt, de maga a modell minden ilyen lépéssel távolodott a valóságtól.

Az elemzett téma jellegéből következően tanulmányom csak az igazán eredeti válaszokat megfogalmazó tudósok gondolataiból próbálkozhat reményem szerint konzisztens „intarzia” összerakásával, ennek következtében az idézetek időrendileg nem éppen a legfrissebbek, noha szellemiségükben ma is a tudomány legüdébb hajtásainak tekinthetők.
Emlékezetpolitikai narratívák, konfliktusok és diskurzusok a baloldalon
Authors: Agárdi Péter
Published: October 2023

Koltai Dénes életformájába és szakmai érdeklődési körébe szervesen beletartozott a tágan értett baloldali-liberális-demokratikus világkép, értékrend és mozgalom, illetve ezek történelmi reflektálása. Személyes, értelmiségi, oktatói, andragógusi figyelme a jelenérdekű múltértelmezés mindhárom fontos összetevőjére kiterjedt: a história tudományos művelésére, a történelmi emlékezetre, valamint az emlékezetpolitikákra, illetve ezek megkülönböztetésére és egymásra hatásuk vizsgálatára. Bár hazánkban, a magyar kultúrában az elmúlt három évtized során elsősorban a hatalmi-kormányzati érdekeket szolgáló, konzervatív-jobboldali előjelű emlékezetpolitikai torzítások, historizálások okoznak komoly zavarokat, nem mentesek az efféle leegyszerűsítő felfogásoktól a liberális-baloldali szellemi élet intézményei, fórumai sem. Ez utóbbi jelenségek egy részével foglalkozik az alábbi tanulmány, rövid előhangban megemlékezve Koltai Dénesről is.
Responses and changes following the enforcement of the Seowon Closure Order in the late 19th century: Focusing on the Chugyechu clan
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Lee Byoung-hoon
Published: October 2023

The Chugyechu clan gradually promoted royal family promotion projects by taking advantage of the royal family's preferential policies starting from the reign of King Yeongjo. As a result, their status as an aristocratic family was strengthened after the mid-19th century. After tracing, the Chu family was divided into Joseon and China, and after the Japanese invasions of Korea, the Chu Yu-gye family settled in Korea. However, because there was no distinct person, as generations passed, the clan was divided and the family lineage became weaker.
However, after the mid-19th century, the scattered descendants were integrated to form a major head family, the family lineage was established, and the family's status steadily increased through various ancestral rite businesses. As a result, after destroying the headquarters, Daewongun was able to gather the public opinion of Cho clans and Confucian scholars across the country and launch a campaign to track down the Order of Munmyojong. Although Munmyojong failed, it served as an opportunity to publicize the chase throughout the country. Afterwards, Jo's descendants expanded their social network by interacting with influential families in each region through political and social connections, and each family carried out separate projects to honor their ancestors. As a result, Inheungseowon was rebuilt in Yeongnam in 1938 with the active cooperation of prominent families and Confucian scholars. After Daewongun's order to demolish the Seowon, the reconstruction of the Chugyechu Seowon in a situation where the Seowon was hardly rebuilt shows that the status of the Chugye Scandal has increased accordingly. The improvement of the status of the Chugyechu clan was possible not only because of projects to honor ancestors, but also because of the enlightenment and active social activities of descendants.
Changes in local society and the Transformation of Seowon in Modern Transitional Period of Korea
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Cho Myung-Keun
Published: October 2023

Modern transitional period of Korea after experiencing Colonial Modernity needs to be approached from a multifaceted perspective. In the midst of rapid social mobility, the continuation of tradition and modernization coexisted, and the traditional ruling order was not dismantled, but rather preserved and strengthened in certain areas. In Korea, the caste system as an institution was abolished by the Gabo reform, but its influence remained strong during the colonial period. A typical example is how the Confucians sought to differentiate themselves under Japanese occupation by renewing seowon, participating in hyanggyo, publishing genealogy. Meanwhile, the Japanese colonial community was led by a group called the local magnate, who were able to establish a reputation and pose as magnate through their activities in various organizations organized by the Government-General of Korea.
The Government-General of Korea wanted to incorporate hyanggyo and seodang into the system as a supplement to socialization and general education. Hyanggyo served as a hub for local Confucians under the strict control of the Government-General of Korea. The Government-General of Korea also wanted to use the hyanggyo's properties to carry out edification work, believing that despite the hyanggyo's declining status in society, the social control of the hyanggyo and Confucians remained effective. Seodang, a traditional educational institution, was to be partially incorporated into the modern school system.
In the case of seowon, however, was marginalized and peripheralized. Local clan sought to maintain their influence in the community by establishing their status as yangban(兩班) family through seowon, which led to the restoration and establishment of seowon.
However, the role and influence of seowon was greatly diminished during the Japanese colonial period, in part due to the weak economic base. In the case of Oksan Seowon, a representative seowon in the Yeongnam area, tried to find a way to solve its debt problems by placing its land in trust.
A Study on Yongam(龍巖) Park woon(朴雲)’s Jeung-si(贈詩)
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Lee Jeong-hwa
Published: October 2023

Because Yongam devoted himself to studying the heart, his outstanding personality always shone even when he lived in the world. Even though Yongam was eight years older than Toegye, he responded with a good heart. There were not a few parts where Yongam and Toegye agreed with each other in heart. In order to cultivate the virtue of the mind, what scholars have to do is concentrate their minds, s tudy Neo-Confucianism diligently, and practice it well in daily life.
He tried to match knowledge and behavior in everyday life, and did not forget what he had learned and put his efforts into practice for the rest of his life. The realm of learning that Yongam pursued begins with self-realization. The study of lava can stabilize the mind, and the emotions can be well controlled with a good heart.
Jeung-si(贈詩) is like a gift to his true friends. It has the same meaning as a gift from the heart to friends whose philosophies of life match.
Therefore, through his Jeung-si(贈詩), one can confirm the character of a sympathetic scholar. Yongam is 20 years older than Guam, but they both share a great respect for their great teachers.
Jeung-si(贈詩) is characterized by the fact that the state of enlightenment and his will toward enlightenment appear. The enlightened person's spirit of vision is a mind freed from distracting thoughts from worldly life. His hope is a mind that is in harmony with nature as distracted thoughts disappear.
To Yongam, the natural landscape is a space of awakening to remove distracting thoughts. His poetic spirit, which is related to the scholar's spirit, is also in line with that of his teacher, Toegye. He did not change his love for learning, and he was not bound by fame or fortune throughout his life.
His spirit of integrity was well passed down to his descendants, and this is well shown in Yongam's poetry. He continued the family tradition based on the spirit of a noble scholar. The academic spirit of Yongam, who completed the life of a true scholar, will not disappear and will be inherited forever.
Prophecy and Transformation of the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Park Sang-Hyun
Published: October 2023

The seven-year Japanese invasion left a lot of human and material damage, and the aftereffects lasted for hundreds of years. The experiences and memories of the war at that time were left as oral tradition or record. In later generations, various evaluations and perceptions based on this were treated as retrospectives, lessons, or interests. Prophecy was one of them. Prophecy about the Japanese War is recorded around a private collection of literary work in the early 17th century and the mainstream content was about signs of occurrence and development and react. Prophecy was able to gain credibility because of people who were believed to be able to predict the future and The Japanese invasion was God's will and meant to be terminated. Meanwhile, as the 18th century entered, several new prophecies emerged. Under such circumstances, prophecies about the Japanese invasion are linked to predictions of new types and contents. As a result, the meaning was transformed or absorbed into a new type of prophecy. These prophecies appear in the book of prophecies. These prophecies appear mainly in prophecies, which differ in content and purpose made compared to before. This fact suggests that predictions about the Japanese War were being made in a different form from those of the 17th century. The future of prophecy, which had been made of at least two types, gradually diverged. Prophecies about the signs and processes of the Japanese War declined. On the other hand, prophecies that have been transformed or absorbed by other prophecies since the 18th century could have persistence and dynamism.
Short-Term Dendritic Dynamics of Neonatal Cortical Neurons Revealed byIn VivoImaging with Improved Spatiotemporal Resolution
Authors: Wang Luwei , Nakazawa Shingo , Luo Wenshu , Sato Takuya , Mizuno Hidenobu , Iwasato Takuji
Published: October 2023

Individual neurons in sensory cortices exhibit specific receptive fields based on their dendritic patterns. These dendritic morphologies are established and refined during the neonatal period through activity-dependent plasticity. This process can be visualized using two-photonin vivotime-lapse imaging, but sufficient spatiotemporal resolution is essential. We previously examined dendritic patterning from spiny stellate (SS) neurons, the major type of layer 4 (L4) neurons, in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex (barrel cortex), where mature dendrites display a strong orientation bias toward the barrel center. Longitudinal imaging at 8 h intervals revealed the long-term dynamics by which SS neurons acquire this unique dendritic pattern. However, the spatiotemporal resolution was insufficient to detect the more rapid changes in SS neuron dendrite morphology during the critical neonatal period. In the current study, we imaged neonatal L4 neurons hourly for 8 h and improved the spatial resolution by uniform cell surface labeling. The improved spatiotemporal resolution allowed detection of precise changes in dendrite morphology and revealed aspects of short-term dendritic dynamics unique to the neonatal period. Basal dendrites of barrel cortex L4 neurons were highly dynamic. In particular, both barrel-inner and barrel-outer dendrites (trees and branches) emerged/elongated and disappeared/retracted at similarly high frequencies, suggesting that SS neurons acquire biased dendrite patterns through rapid trial-and-error emergence, elongation, elimination, and retraction of dendritic trees and branches. We also found correlations between morphology and behavior (elongation/retraction) of dendritic tips. Thus, the current study revealed short-term dynamics and related features of cortical neuron dendrites during refinement.
Microglia Are Dispensable for Developmental Dendrite Pruning of Mitral Cells in Mice
Authors: Niiyama Tetsushi , Fujimoto Satoshi , Imai Takeshi
Published: October 2023

During early development, neurons in the brain often form excess synaptic connections. Later, they strengthen some connections while eliminating others to build functional neuronal circuits. In the olfactory bulb, a mitral cell initially extends multiple dendrites to multiple glomeruli but eventually forms a single primary dendrite through the activity-dependent dendrite pruning process. Recent studies have reported that microglia facilitate synapse pruning during the circuit remodeling in some systems. It has remained unclear whether microglia are involved in the activity-dependent dendrite pruning in the developing brains. Here, we examined whether microglia are required for the developmental dendrite pruning of mitral cells in mice. To deplete microglia in the fetal brain, we treated mice with a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor, PLX5622, from pregnancy. Microglia were reduced by >90% in mice treated with PLX5622. However, dendrite pruning of mitral cells was not significantly affected. Moreover, we found no significant differences in the number, density, and size of excitatory synapses formed in mitral cell dendrites. We also found no evidence for the role of microglia in the activity-dependent dendrite remodeling of layer 4 (L4) neurons in the barrel cortex. In contrast, the density of excitatory synapses (dendritic spines) in granule cells in the olfactory bulb was significantly increased in mice treated with PLX5622 at postnatal day (P) 6, suggesting a role for the regulation of dendritic spines. Our results indicate that microglia do not play a critical role in activity-dependent dendrite pruning at the neurite level during early postnatal development in mice.
Bottom-up attempts at agroecological transitions in China: The comparative cases of Sanliwan and Sanggang villages
Authors: Liu Chuang , Jiménez Natalia Pinzón , Rogé Paul
Published: October 2023

Smallholder farmers have practiced sustainable agriculture for thousands of years in China. Numerous smallholder farming systems remain, but most have shifted to industrial production. There is growing interest in agroecological transitions for smallholder farmers, but more attention needs to be paid to the challenges that may be encountered in the process. We conducted qualitative research in Sanliwan village in Shanxi Province because it represents the general dilemma facing smallholder farmers in China, and we compared our findings to those obtained in Sanggang village in Hebei Province because of its successful bottom-up experience in transitioning to agroecology. We found 4 challenges in the transition to agroecology in Sanliwan village: environmental degradation, the lack of direct markets, the need for more technical extension in agroecology, and farmer atomization. Bottom-up strategies for overcoming these challenges were identified in the case of Sanggang village. Notably, in the agroecological transition, the organization of smallholder farmers was a critical first step. From that point, smallholder farmers integrated internal resources and utilized external resources more efficiently to enhance environmental stewardship, improved technical extension in agroecology, and developed new markets. More research is needed to understand how top-down strategies can respond to such challenges and opportunities identified for bottom-up agroecological transitions.
Structures of coexisting marine snow and zooplankton in coastal waters of Svalbard (European Arctic)
Authors: Trudnowska Emilia , Błachowiak-Samołyk Katarzyna , Stemmann Lars
Published: October 2023

How plankton and particles are arranged spatially and the configurations of their co-occurrence shape the rates of organic matter production, utilization, and export within marine systems. The aim of this study was to examine whether the composition of marine snow (particles and aggregates >500 µm) and its coexistence with zooplankton change with depth layer, level of zooplankton dominance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and turbidity across the coastal–offshore gradients of hydrographically different Arctic fjords. The distribution and concentrations of zooplankton and marine snow were assessed in situ using an underwater vision profiler (UVP) in Svalbard waters during summer 2019. UVP counts of marine snow drastically outnumbered zooplankton at glacial stations, whereas zooplankton dominated offshore and in upper water layers, even in coastal waters. The most common compositional structure was dominance by an elongated morphotype of marine snow, often co-occurring with small dark (opaque) particles below 40 m depth, implying that these were the typical forms exported directly from surface layers. The other widespread type of structuring was dominance of UVP counts by copepods. They often coexisted with a flake morphotype of marine snow associated with high chlorophyll fluorescence. Structuring dominated by dark morphotypes was observed mainly near glaciers and in deep fjord basins. The highest amount of marine snow, represented by a high degree of dark morphotype, was observed in Hornsund, the most Arctic-type fjord. A Phaeocystis-associated agglomerated morphotype of marine snow occurred scarcely and only in more Atlantic-influenced fjords. A bimodal distribution pattern, with one abundance peak at the surface and another in deeper layers (>80 m) was observed offshore and in Kongsfjorden. This study emphasizes the high potential of UVPs for tracking links between plankton and detritus directly in their natural environment, and that variation in their co-occurrence may provide a proxy for the state of a pelagic ecosystem.