bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mardin İdadi Mektebi’nin Mekansal Ve İşlevsel Değişimi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KUTLU İzzettin , ERAY Saide Selin
Published: May 2021

Tarihi binalara yapılan ilavelerin ve müdahalelerin tasarım yaklaşımları; mimari koruma ve restorasyon alanında devam eden tartışmalar arasındadır. Bu çalışma tarihi bir eğitim yapısının özelliklerine göre yapılan eklemelerin sonucunda uğradığı mekânsal ve işlevsel değişimleri ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışmada; Mardin kentinin ilk eğitim-öğretim yapısı olan idadi mektebin mekânsal dönüşümü çağdaş koruma ilkeleri dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın yöntemi, tarihi idadi mektebinde yeni işlevler sonucunda, değişen kütle ve işlev ilişkilerini kronolojik olarak dönemler içerisinde tespit etmeye dayanmaktadır. Tarihi yapıya yapılan eklemeler incelenerek, önemli süreçler tespit edilmiş ve karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Uygulanan yöntem, kültürel miras yapılarında etki değerlendirmesi ve etki sürecinin tespit edilmesi alanına bir katkı olarak değerlendirilebilir. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen tarihi idadi mektebi binasının, benzer ve uyumlu işlevler ile günümüze kadar özgün halini koruduğunu ve yapılan ek binanın ise mevcut tarihi yapının önüne geçmeyecek şekilde, farklı bir üslupta tasarlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumda, başarılı eklemeler ile İdadi mektebin korunması ve sürekli kullanım halinde olacak şekilde topluma kazandırılması; aidiyet duygusunu sonraki nesillere aktarmada katkıda bulunarak kentin eğitim-öğretim tarihi ile ilgili somut bir örnek olabilmektedir. Çalışmada; Mardin özelinden tarihi yapı geneline, kültür varlıklarına geri dönüşümü olmayan müdahaleler ile kütlesel ölçeğini değiştirerek yeniden işlevlendirmek yerine yapılan müdahalelerin özgün tarihi yapının tümüyle orantılı olması veya yeni bir ek yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
The impact of implementing augmented reality to enhance the vocabulary of young EFL learners
Authors: Binhomran Kholoud , Altalhab Sultan
Published: May 2021

This study seeks to contribute to the small, but growing area of research regarding technology potential in the field of vocabulary research. The study aims to determine the usefulness of augmented reality (AR) technology in EFL vocabulary learning. An experiment was conducted to examine young learners’ motivation and vocabulary retention. The current study employed two instruments: a pre-post-delayed test and an interview. The participants (=73) were primary school sixth-graders (11–12 years old) and were assigned into two groups, experimental (38) and control (35). The findings revealed that there were differences in the mean scores in favour of the experimental group. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Furthermore, seventeen students were interviewed regarding their perceptions of the used technology. The findings showed that AR results in better understanding and higher levels of motivation among students. The study also highlighted the role of technology in the domain of language learning.
Impact of covid-19 pandemic: Perception of clinical year medical students on transition of traditional to online lectures in a medical university of Karachi, Pakistan.
Authors: Fakhir Shazia , Hameed Ammara
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the perception of clinical undergraduate MBBS students of online lectures in a medical university of Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: Descriptive Study. Setting: Bahria University Medical and Dental College. Period: May 2020 till July 2020. Material & Methods: Four weeks after introduction of online lectures. Data was collected from clinical year students over two weeks using Google forms and analysed using SPSS version 22. Result: Of 450 clinical year students, n=234 responded. Overall, 48.7% (n = 114) students were satisfied with the online lectures, 34.2 %( n= 80) were completely satisfied and 17.7 %( n=39) were unsatisfied. 53.4 %( n=125) felt lectures were serving the purpose whereas 37.2% (n=87) do not feel the same. The lack of interaction component in online lectures was felt by 45.7% (n=107) students. Regarding clinical teaching, 72.2% (n= 170) do not think it is possible online, 15.8 (n=35) feel it possible and 12.4% (n=29) were hopeful. Majority 61.1% (n=143) think it is impossible to complete medical studies online. Student ideas for improvement included availability of lecture recording for later viewing, integrated quizzes, increasing interactive component, training of faculty, small group sessions and case based teaching. Majorly students faced internet connectivity issues and timings of long lectures without break. Conclusion: Online lectures can be improved by reducing the issues faced by students, providing them easy internet access, faculty training programs to make interactive and case based presentation and quizzes.
Incidence of plantar fasciitis in overweight patients of government hospitals of Faisalabad city.
Authors: Raza Ali , Saleem Shahroz , Saeed Hafiz Salman , Bilal Ahmad , Zafar Zafar Ali , Ali Zeeshan
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine relationships of body mass index with plantar fasciitis and foot functions index and how many activities of daily living were limited with plantar heel pain due to overweight in population of Government Hospitals of Faisalabad City. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Government Hospitals of Faisalabad City (Allied Hospital & District Headquarter Hospital). Period: March to May 2018. Material & Methods: 140 patients included both males and females. Convenient sampling technique was used in selection of study sample. Calculate BMI (kg/m2) and FFI questionnaire used in this study to find how many activities of daily living was limited with plantar heel pain due to overweight. Data was analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Chi square test was applied. Results: There were 70 males and 70 females. Data was collected to overweight population (mean age, 42.15; mean BMI, 29.52 kg/m2; and mean height, 1.68m). Out of 140 overweight population was (66.4%) and obese population (33.6%). The windlass test showed (87.9%) positive and (12.1%) negative. Chi-square test revealed no significant relation between rise in BMI and plantar heel pain (p = 0.105). However it shows significant relation between rise in BMI and FFI (p = 0.000). Conclusion: There is no statistical significant relation between body mass index and plantar fasciitis. According to foot function index patients significantly limit activities of daily living with plantar heel pain due to overweight.
Quantum analysis of sub harmonic generation with two-mode coherent light
Authors: Alemayehu Getahun , Habtamu Dagnew
Published: May 2021

In this work the statistical and squeezing properties of light-driven by sub-harmonic generation with two-mode coherent light are studied. With interaction Hamiltonian of both two-mode coherent and sub harmonic generation, we have driven master equation of system under consideration. From the master equation, the solution of the C-number Langevin equation is derived. It helps us to solve quadrature variance, quadrature squeezing, mean, and variance of photon number for light produced by sub-harmonic generation with the two-mode coherent light state. And the result shows that; the squeezing occurs in plus quadrature with the maximum squeezing of 87%. The photon statistics of the system under consideration is subpoissonian in which both mean & variance are increasing as kappa increase.
A Time: Philosophy of Science
Authors: Berov G Lyubomir
Published: May 2021

Dear reader, isn’t it time to turn things around and allow TIME to take its rightful place? In a nutshell, I believe Time should be considered as the primary energy that has created the whole material world and governs the continuous changes in it. In my article “An Intelligent Cosmos: Philosophy of Science”, I discuss that this primary creative energy is, more generally, the Dark Energy in our Universe. I believe that Dark Energy probably has a variety of specific manifestations, and I assume that one of those manifestations is Time. This article is a continuation of my article “An Intelligent Cosmos: Philosophy of Science”
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: Unusual presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zajjari Yassir , Sobhi Aya , Aatif Taoufiq , Azizi Mounia , Kabbaj Driss
Published: May 2021

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and carries a high mortality. It was first described by Osler in 1904 as the most devastating pulmonary complication of SLE. We describe a case of a 23-year-old girl recently diagnosed with SLE associated by a class III nephritis treated with oral corticoids and mycophenolate mofetil who developed a Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage DAH a few days later. The early diagnosis and the aggressive therapy allowed us to have a favorable outcome.
Nonlinear relationship between blood glucose and 30-day mortality in critical patients with acute kidney injury: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Qilin Yang , Weichao Huang , Xiaomei Zeng , Jiezhao Zheng , Weixiao Chen , `Deliang Wen
Published: May 2021

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Effective preventative and therapeutic treatments remain to be produced. We aim to determine the association between blood glucose and mortality in critical patients with AKI. Method: This cohort study included 18,703 patients with AKI. The exposure of interest was baseline blood glucose. The outcome was 30-day mortality. Multivariable Cox regression analyses and smooth curve fitting were adopted to assess the independent association between blood glucose and 30-day mortality. Results: We identified 18,703 consecutive individuals with AKI. The average age of the participants was 66.8 ± 16.0 years, and about 42.7% of them were female. The overall 30-day mortality was 16.9%. Through the multivariate COX regression model and smooth curve fitting, we observed that the correlation between blood glucose and 30-day mortality is nonlinear. An inflection point was found at about 5.93 mmol/L. On the left side of inflection point, the effect size was 0.81 (HR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.74-0.89, p < 0.001). On the right side of inflection point, the effect size was 1.02 (HR: 1.02,95% CI 1.01-1.03, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study suggested that, among patients with AKI, there was a nonlinearity relationship between blood glucose and mortality in patients with AKI. The optimal of blood glucose associated with the lowest risk of 30-day mortality was around 5.93 mmol/L.
Silicon rates and beneficial microorganism on blast suppression and productivity of upland rice
Authors: Alan Carlos Alves de Souza , Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi , Adriano Stephan Nascente , Anne Sitarama Prabhu , Eduardo Alves
Published: May 2021

One of the primary constraints in upland rice cultivation is the disease blast (Magnaporthe oryzae), which can provide reduction up to 100% of the grain yield The use of silicon with beneficial microorganisms (bioagents) can be an alternative for the control of this disease and to provide an increase in the productivity of the rice grain. The objective of this work was to study the effect of rates of silicon with bioagents in blast suppression and grain yield of upland rice. The methodology used was tests carried out in field conditions, in two different areas: Capivara and Palmital farms, during the growing season 2015/2016. The experimental design was in a split-plot scheme with four replications. In the main plots were the silicon fertilization rates (0, 2, 4 and 8 ton ha-1) and in the subplots was the bioagents (1-without bioagents, 2-Pseudomonas fluorescens, 3-Burkholderia pyrrocinia, 4-Trichoderma asperellum, 5-a mixture of the three bioagents). The results showed that the use of 2 ton ha-1 of silicon with a mixture of bioagents was the best treatment to control leaf blast. Besides, from rates, 2 to 6 ton ha-1 of silicon in Capivara Farm and up to 8 ton ha-1 of silicon in Palmital Farm provided the highest grain yield. A mixture of bioagents provided the highest grain yield. In this sense, it was concluded that the best recommendation to connect blast control, grain yield and reduced amount of silicon was the use of 2 ton ha-1 of silicon with the mixture of bioagents.
Perancangan Efektivitas dan Efisiensi untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Lini Produksi Wellhead dengan Metode Objective Matrix
Authors: Sudiman Sudiman , Fahrudin Wakhit Ahmad
Published: May 2021

PT. Mulia Graha Abadi merupakan perusahaan manufaktur yang bergerak di bidang minyak dan gas bumi, yang mensuplai dan mengontrak peralatan pengeboran dengan tiga anak perusahaan. Dalam lima tahun terakhir, perusahaan belum mempunyai sistem pengukuran produktivitas terutama pada lini produksi wellhead. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis produktivitas lini produksi dengan menentukan indikator rasio yang dapat diukur sesuai kebutuhan untuk menghasilkan desain yang efektif dan efisien untuk tahun berikutnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode matriks objektif (OMAX) dengan perbandingan data kuantitas produksi, data kapasitas produksi, data tenaga kerja, data produk cacat, data produk yang dapat diperbaiki, data penggunaan bahan, data penggunaan energi, data mesin operasi, data total produksi. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan perhitungan angka indeks produktivitas menunjukkan bulan April 2019 yang mengalami penurunan sebesar -41,18%. Perancangan efektifitas dan efisiensi dengan perhitungan produktivitas dengan melakukan tindakan pengaturan kapasitas produksi secara simultan, memperhitungkan waktu yang digunakan untuk pengoperasian mesin sehingga dapat mencapai tingkat efektivitas sebesar 256 unit/bulan. Tingkat efisiensi dilihat dari faktor produksi atau kapasitas produksi masih terjadi penurunan sebesar 6,03%. Desain yang efektif dan efisien memerlukan perencanaan yang terintegrasi dari semua departemen.
PENANGANAN LUKA TERBUKA PADA AXILLA KUCING DOMESTIK METODE SKIN FLAPPING ROTATION FLAPS
Authors: Cakrawati Liza Sadda , Nurmaningdyah Ajeng Aeka , Purnawati Galuh , Ashari Hasan , Pinasthika Kirana Sita
Published: May 2021

The Domestic Short Hair (DSH) cat is male, age unknown, and body weight 4.25 kg has an open wound on the axilla of the cranial dexter limb. The wound was 5 cm in diameter. The surgery performed was the skin flapping rotation flaps method. Post operative care includes wound cleaning, ceftriaxone antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory ketoprofen. The method of handling in this case can be concluded that skin flapping can be used in the treatment of open wounds in cats.
Efektifitas Spray Ekstrak Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena Leucocephala) terhadap Jumlah dan Waktu Kematian Caplak Rhipicephalus sanguineus pada Anjing
Authors: PAN Olan Rahayu
Published: May 2021

This study aims to test the effectiveness of using Spray Extract Leucaena Leaf (Leucaena leucocephala) on dogs with Tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The method used is an experimental design with Group Random Design (GRD), with the number of sample 8 dogs of different ages and sex. Samples were divided into four treatments and two replications.

Data analysis techniques used in this study is the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), with an examination of macroscopic was conducted by observing the amount and time of death Ticks Rhipicephalus Sanguineus in dogs were carried out on the day of observation 7th, 14th and 21st.

The results of the study with α = 5% concluded that: (1) Based on the results of one way ANOVA test in the experimental group, showed that the influence of leaf extract dose leuceana to the number of ticks deaths; Based on the observation time, there is the influence of observation time to the number of ticks. (2) F count > F table = 129.7 (P <0.05) showed that the treatment group of dogs were given the extract leuceana leaf spray dose 60% (P3) and most effective when compared with those dogs from the negative control group without treatment (P0), a group treated extract leuceana leaf spray dose of 20% (P1), and a group treated extract leuceana leaf spray dose of 40% (P2).
PENERAPAN ANALISIS GEROMBOL DAN BIPLOT (STUDI KASUS: HASIL PERTANIAN DAERAH TERTINGGAL DI PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT)
Authors: Indah Ratih Anggriyani  , Dariani Matualage  , Esther Ria Matulessy
Published: May 2021

One of the potential of the seven districts underdeveloped areas in West Papua Province is agriculture. In order to develop agricultural potential, an overview of agricultural products is needed including the similarity of regional characteristics and the relative position of the region. The similarity of regional characteristics to agricultural product can be known by cluster analysis. The relative posistion of the area with agricultural  results is known by biplot analysis. Bintuni Bay Regency, South Sorong Regency, Tambrauw Regency and Maybrat Regency have the same characteristics in producing agriculture while Teluk Wondama Regency, Sorong Regency and Raja Ampat Regency have different characteristics. The relative position of agricultural products with the regency is Sorong Regency producing the highest number of food crops while the largest producer of horticulture fruits and vegetables are Teluk Wondama Regency and Raja Ampat Regency.
KAJIAN POTENSI PEMBENTUKAN AIR ASAM TAMBANG DARI TANAH LAPISAN PENUTUP BATUBARA ASAL KABUPATEN TELUK BINTUNI
Authors: Markus Heryanto Langsa
Published: May 2021

Acid mine drainage is formed when certain sulfide minerals in rocks are exposed to oxidizing. Upon exposure to oxidizing conditions, these sulfide minerals are oxidized in the presence of water and oxygen to form highly acidic, sulfate-rich drainage.  Acidity levels, and metal composition and concentration depend on the type and amount of sulfide mineral and the presence or absence of alkaline materials. If acid mine drainage has formed, it will be very difficult to stop the process as it is a continuous process until one of the reactions runs out. Acidic water containing heavy metals when flowing into rivers, loker or swamps will damage the condition of the ecosystem in the river. This will certainly cause a decrease in water quality. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential for the formation of acid mine drainage based on the acid base balance method.

The results obtained in samples A, B1, B2, and C for the pasta pH test were 5.25, 4.20, 4.71, and 3.14, respectively. The results of the other parameters for the four samples were total sulfur contents (0.005%, 0.021%, 0.008%, 0.47%), acid neutralization ability (3.1, 2.82, 2.45, 13.07 kg H2SO4/ton), maximum acidic potential (0.153, 0.643, 0.245, 14.394 kg H2SO4/ton) and acid-base balance expressed as potential acid production (-12.917, -2.177, -3.065, 11,944). Evaluation of sample C data based on acid-base balance values (11.944 kg H2SO4/ton) and KPA/PKM ratio (<2, 0.17) indicating that sample C has the potential to form acid mine drainage if the coal mining process is carried out.
Analisis Polimorfisme Nukleotida Tunggal (SNP) Daerah 3’UTR Gen LDLR Penduduk Papua
Authors: Asri Saffanah Pratiwi  , Achmad Taher
Published: May 2021

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a single nucleotide difference in the arrangement of DNA base strands that can show genetic variation. The LDLR gene is a low density lipoprotein (LDL-R) receptor gene that functions to regulate cholesterol levels in the blood. The LDLR gene is composed of 18 exons and contains a 3’untranslated region (3’UTR) which plays an important role in regulating gene expression. This study aims to analyze the SNP in an area of 3'UTR LDLR genes from 6 University of Papua students from Papua. The research was carried out by polymerase chain reaction method to multiply the number of target DNA, then sequenced to find out the sequence of nucleotide bases. The results of this study were from 6 individuals, found 2 SNPs at position *52 and *504 with nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.00149. These polymorphisms forms 3 types of haplotypes, namely GG, GA and AA with a haplotype diversity of 0.600 ± 0.215.
Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Dengan Metode Penghambatan Enzim α-Glukosidase dan Karakterisasi Kandungan Senyawa Aktif pada Fraksi Metanol dan Kloroform Daun Lavetar (Wedelia biflora (L).DC) Asal Biak
Authors: Bertha Mangallo  , Putra Adrianus Banu Pradana , Pulung Maria Ludya
Published: May 2021

Salah satu jenis tanaman yang dijadikan sebagai obat tradisional adalah tumbuhan Lavetar (W. biflora) yang di manfaatkan oleh masyarakat Biak sebagai obat untuk mengobati penyakit diabetes. Penemuan sumber penghambat α-glukosidase sangat bermanfaat dalam upaya pengembangan obat herbal yang lebih efektif bagi penderita diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antidiabetes fraksi metanol dan fraksi kloroform daun Lavetar dengan metode aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase serta menentukan kandungan senyawa aktif dengan menggunakan GCMS. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa senyawa aktif pada fraksi metanol adalah flavonoid dan tannin sedangkan fraksi kloroform mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tannin, dan saponin. Uji aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase fraksi kloroform tergolong lemah sedangkan fraksi metanol tergolong sangat lemah dengan nilai nilai IC50 masing – masing sebesar 112,562 µg/mL dan 211,151 µg/mL. Hasil Interpretasi spektra FTIR dan skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa gugus fungsi utama adalah flavanoid. Hasil analisis dengan GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa pada fraksi metanol terdapat 84 puncak senyawa dengan senyawa dominan yaitu 1-Heptatriacotanol (m/z = 190) dan fraksi kloroform terdapat 102 puncak senyawa dengan senyawa dominan yaitu cyclopropanebutanoic acid,2-[[2-[[2-[(2-pentylcyclopropyl)methyl]cyclopropyl]metyl]-,metyl ester (m/z = 270).
PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA DAN FISIKA TANAH PADA LAHAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT MILIK PT.PMP KABUPATEN MAYBRAT
Authors: Sari Aprilia Regita , Langsa Markus Heryanto , Sirampun Alfhons Daniel
Published: May 2021

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the most abundant waste produced from palm oil mills. POME waste products from palm oil mills can pollute the surrounding environment. The main objective of this study was to determine the use of POME on soil fertility and increase the growth of oil palm plants and minimize negative impacts on the environment. The results of the research obtained are a combination of primary data (results of analysis carried out in oil palm plantations owned by PT PMP, Maybrat Regency before the POME application) and secondary data (results of analysis carried out at Angsana Estate oil palm plantations, South Kalimantan after POME  application). The results obtained indicate that generally after the application of POME to the land will increase the value of the bulk density and decrease the value of soil porosity and soil permeability. There was a decrease in the percentage of soil porosity in the application area (LA, 28.75% and Flatbed, 23.47%) compared to without application (LK, 36.83%) in the soil depth up to 30 cm. On soils with a deeper depth (30-60 cm) the percent of land subsidence is almost the same as at a depth of 30 cm. Conversely, the addition of POME in the land application (LA) had an impact on the increase in bulk density (1.81 g / cm3) and soil permeability (4.16 cm / hour) compared without POME (LK) (1.48 g / cm3 and 4.08 cm / hour) for soil samples to a depth of 30 cm. The POME application increases the availability of organic matter (C-organic and nitrogen) in the surface soils. The highest P-available values ​​are seen at a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm in the flatbed. Also, POME  on oil palm land tends to increase nutrient content in oil palm leaves compared to control land (without POME).
PERANCANGAN ALAT UKUR INTENSITAS CAHAYA BERBASIS ARDUINO LEONARDO MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
Authors: Manik Simson , Muslimin Abdul Muis , Subgan Aries A.
Published: May 2021

Lux meter is a device used to measure the intensity of light in an area. The purpose of this thesis is to design a light intensity measuring device using LDR components as a light sensor, comparing light intensity measuring devices made using LDR sensors and Arduino Leonardo based microcontrollers with standard tools. The data used in this study are primary data. The data obtained is then processed using MS. Excel. The type of light bulbs used are Philips CFL (Philips Essential) lamps, each lamp having a power of 5, 8, 11, 14, 18, 23, 27, 32, 35, and 50 watts with a luxmeter vertical distance of 1, 2 and 3 meters from the lamp.

From the results of testing the tools and processing of comparative data between the Lux Meter Standard and the designed Lux ​​Meter obtained as follows: the vertical distance of the tool by 1 meter from the lamp produces an average error difference of 12,571 lx and the percentage of average errors the average is 8.77%, while for the vertical distance of the tool is 2 meters from the lamp the average error difference value is 2,358 lx and the average error percentage is 7.98%, and for the vertical tool distance is 3 meters from the lamp the difference in error value is an average of 0.92 lx and an average error percentage of 5.85%.
EKSTRAK TANNIN DAUN BUAH HITAM (Haplolobus sp) SEBAGAI INHIBITOR ALAMI KOROSI BESI DALAM LARUTAN ASAM
Authors: Rahman Lulu Amalia , Somar Evelina
Published: May 2021

Ekstrak daun Haplolobus sp diperoleh dari sokhetasi daun yang telah dikeringkan dan diperkecil ukurannya, dengan pelarut aseton 80%.  Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian diuapkan dan ditentukan kadar taninnya dengan metode permanganometri. Pengukuran laju korosi logam besi dilakukan dengan metode pengurangan massa. Medium korosi yang digunakan adalah , , ,  dan HCl masing-masing dengan konsenttrasi 1 molar. Lama perendaman sepuluh hari. Potensi tanin daun buah hitam sebagai inhibitor alami dalam laju reaksi korosi logam besi dilakukan dengan melapisi logam besi ukuran 2 cm x 2 cm x 0,3 cm , direndam 10 hari dalam medium korosi  dan diukur laju korosinya. Cara yang sama diulangi dengan menggunakan cat antikarat. Dari hasil penelitian di peroleh  kadar tanin dalam daun Buah Hitam (Haplolobus sp) sebesar 42,16%.  Laju korosi logam besi tanpa pelapisan tanin tertinggi pada asam nitrat 13829.40 mpy dan terendah pada asam asetat 1646,36 mpy. Laju korosi logam besi yang dilapisi tanin  tertinggi pada asam  nitrat 13061.10 mpy, dan terendah pada asam asetat 1536,60 mpy.  Laju korosi logam besi yang dilapisi cat antikorosi tertinggi pada asam nitrat 7573,24 mpy dan terendah pada asam asetat 1536,60 mpy. Efisiensi penghambatan tanin  dan cat terhadap laju korosi logam besi  dalam medium asam sulfat  1 M sebesar  25,64 %  dan 41,03%, dalam medium  asam fosfat sebesar 12,50% dan 16,67%, dalam medium asam asetat sebesar 6,67 dan 6,67%, Dalam medium asam nitrat sebesar 5,56 dan 45,24%, dalam medium asam klorida 5,56 dan 5,56%.
Mental chronometry in big noisy data
Authors: Wascher Edmund , Sharifian Fariba , Gutberlet Marie , Schneider Daniel , Getzmann Stephan , Arnau Stefan
Published: May 2021

Temporal measures (latencies) in the event-related potentials of the EEG (ERPs) are a valuable tool for estimating the timing of mental processes, one which takes full advantage of the high temporal resolution of the EEG. Especially in larger scale studies using a multitude of individual EEG-based tasks, the quality of latency measures often suffers from high and low frequency noise residuals due to the resulting low trial counts (because of compressed tasks) and because of the limited feasibility of visual inspection of the large scale data. In the present study, we systematically evaluated two different approaches to latency estimation (peak latencies and fractional area latencies) with respect to their data quality and the application of noise reduction by jackknifing methods. Additionally, we tested the recently introduced method of Standardized Measurement Error (SME) to prune the dataset. We demonstrate that fractional area latency in pruned and jackknifed data may amplify within-subjects effect sizes dramatically in the analyzed data set. Between-subjects effects were less affected by the applied procedures, but remained stable regardless of procedure.
FOUNDATIONS OF cHINESE SYSTEMS SCIENCE
Authors: Kuijper Hans
Published: May 2021

The fast developments of (complex) systems thinking cannot be understood without taking the cultural and philosophical context into consideration. In this article, An attempt is made to explain the foundation of thriving CHINESE systems thinking, because China seems to fully undertand the significance and importance of thinking (and engineering) systemically. The conclusion of the paper is two-pronged: (a) the Chinese have been system thinkers (or pattern seekers) from the very beginning of their turbulent history and (B) Western system thinkers, who disagree with each other on many fronts, could, nay should learn something from ancient China, particularly from that amazing, almost forgotten classical book called the Yijing, a book about systems science in a nutshell.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Students’ Attitudes Toward Statistics and Technology Scale (SASTSc)
Authors: Counsell Alyssa , Rovetti Joseph , Buchanan Erin Michelle
Published: May 2021

We sought to evaluate the SASTSc in two samples of students taking a statistics course that incorporates statistical software. The SASTSc was given at two time points, once at the beginning of the semester and then again at the end of the semester. Our evaluation included examining competing factor analytic models, examining convergent validity, test-retest reliability, and assessing internal consistency. Our results in both samples replicate the scale’s proposed factor structure; however, not all items were useful and we propose some changes to the wording of items to improve the scale.
Active Imagination as an Alternative to Lucid Dreaming: Theory and Experimental Results
Authors: TURCHIN ALEXEY
Published: May 2021

Lucid dreaming (LD) is a fun and interesting activity, but most participants have difficulties in attaining lucidity, retaining it during the dream, concentrating on the needed task and remembering the results. This motivates to search for a new way to enhance lucid dreaming via different induction techniques, including chemicals and electric brain stimulation. However, results are still unstable. An alternative approach is to reach the lucid dreaming-like states via altered state of consciousness not related to dreaming. Several methods such as guided visualization, internal dialog, creative writing, hypnosis, hypnagogia, daydreaming, DMT trips, voice dialog, shamanic journey, rebirthing, and “forcing” tulpas can help in attaining such states. One of the most promising of them is Jungian “active imagination” (AIM) technique, which allows unconscious content to build up inside some mental frames. This article explores the hypothesis of replacing lucid dreaming research with active imagination, and the conditions and ways to accomplish it. Method: An open label pilot experiment was performed in 2004-2005 in Moscow, Russia with 100 participants. Results: The results show that there are two groups of people: ones with “visual imagination screen” and others have “mental imagination screen”. AIM works perfectly as a replacement for lucid dreams only for the first group of people. For the second group, it created interesting content, but not visual or emotional intensity equal to enter lucid dreaming like state. No known instruments helped to move the person from one group to another. The first group consisted of young females, while the second mostly contained males with rational and mathematical type of personality. Conclusion: AIM partly works as a replacement for LD, as it works great only for half of people, and it requires a sitter. However, AIM outperforms LD in reliability and availability in any circumstance: it could be performed even by text chat or in a crowd. It is also better than LD in retaining concentration on topic and the easiness of memorizing the results (which could be recorded). Self-performed AIM is less effective. AIM can be improved by intelligent chat bots as sitters and weak brain stimulation that can increase the probability of attaining something like hypnogogic state.
Influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on remote workers’ physical and psychosocial wellbeing and work productivity
Authors: Hernandez Yessica Abigail Tronco , Parente Fabio , Faghy Mark A. , Roscoe Clare M. P. , Maratos Frances
Published: May 2021

Background: Imposed lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the living and working habits of millions, with potentially important implications for physical, mental, and social wellbeing.Objectives: The primary objective was to investigate the impact of the pandemic on remote workers not directly affected by the virus.Methods: This was a correlational cross-sectional study (with an additional qualitative component) of 184 remote workers surveyed during the first COVID-19 lockdown in the UK. Standard measures of mental health (Kessler-6), productivity (IAPT) and physical activity (IPAQ) were used, with respondents further surveyed on changes to their dietary, exercise, smoking, drinking and socialisation habits to produce a ‘well-being change index’.Results: Results revealed associations between sedentary behaviour and poorer mental health (τb=.14) and between poorer mental health and low work productivity (τb=-.39). However, both positive and negative lifestyle changes were reported; a self-reported increase in wellbeing (with respect to diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, and socialisation) since the start of the pandemic was associated with both better mental health (τb=-.14) and better work productivity (τb=.14). Of note, we observed rates of moderate (55%) and severe (12%) psychological distress markedly higher than those reported in large pre-pandemic studies, and 70% of our respondents reported more sedentary behaviour, 41% increased their alcohol consumption and 39% their overall food intake. However, 46%, 45% and 52% reported spending more time walking, engaging in more moderate and vigorous exercise, respectively. Qualitative analysis revealed many positive adaptations to lockdowns (e.g., decreased commuting expenses, flexibility) but also a number of structural obstacles to remote working (e.g., lack of support and high expectations from employers, childcare duties).Conclusions: These findings may be of practical importance for policy makers and employers in a world of work involving long-term remote or hybrid employment arrangements; strategies to promote more sustainable remote working are discussed.
Comparing Estimation Methods for Psychometric Networks with Ordinal Data
Authors: Johal Simran , Rhemtulla Mijke
Published: May 2021

Ordinal data are extremely common in psychological research, with variables often assessed using Likert-type scales that take on only a few values. At the same time, researchers are increasingly fitting network models to ordinal item-level data. Yet very little work has evaluated how network estimation techniques perform when data are ordinal. We use a Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate and compare the performance of three estimation methods applied to either Pearson or polychoric correlations: EBIC graphical lasso with regularized edge estimates (“EBIC”), BIC model selection with partial correlation edge estimates (“BIC”), and multiple regression with p-value-based edge selection and partial correlation edge estimates (“MR”). We vary the number and distribution of thresholds, distribution of the underlying continuous data, sample size, model size, and network density, and we evaluate results in terms of model structure (sensitivity and false positive rate) and edge weight bias. Our results show that the effect of treating the data as ordinal versus continuous depends primarily on the number of levels in the data, and that estimation performance was affected by the sample size, the shape of the underlying distribution, and the symmetry of underlying thresholds. Furthermore, which estimation method is recommended depends on the research goals: MR methods tended to maximize sensitivity of edge detection, BIC approaches minimized false positives, and either one of these produced accurate edge weight estimates in sufficiently large samples. We identify some particularly difficult combinations of conditions for which no method produces stable results.
When the Bough Breaks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mental Health Symptoms in Mothers of Young Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Racine Nicole , Eirich Rachel , Cookee Jessica , Zhu Jenney , Pador Paolo , Dunnewold Nicole , Madigan Sheri
Published: May 2021

Parents have experienced considerable challenges and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may impact their well-being. This meta-analysis sought to identify: 1) the prevalence of depression and anxiety in parents of young children (< age 5) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 2) sociodemographic (e.g., parent age, minority status) and methodological moderators (e.g., study quality) that explain heterogeneity among studies. A systematic search was conducted across four databases from January 1st, 2020 to March 3rd, 2021. A total of 18 non-overlapping studies (9,101 participants), all focused on maternal mental health, met inclusion criteria. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted. Pooled prevalence estimates for clinically significant depression and anxiety symptoms for mothers of young children during the COVID-19 pandemic were 27.4% (95% CI: 21.5-34.3) and 43.5% (95% CI:27.5-60.9), respectively. Prevalence of clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were higher in Europe and North America and among older mothers. Clinically elevated depressive symptoms were lower in studies with a higher percentage of racial and ethnic minority individuals. In comparison, clinically elevated anxiety symptoms were higher among studies of low study quality and in samples with highly educated mothers. Policies and resources targeting improvements in maternal mental health are essential.
Hypothesis awareness confounds asynchronous control conditions in indirect measures of the rubber hand illusion.
Authors: Lush Peter , Seth Anil , Dienes Zoltan
Published: May 2021

Reports of changes in experiences of body location and ownership following synchronous tactile and visual stimulation of fake and real hands (rubber hand effects) are widely attributed to multisensory integration mechanisms. However, existing control methods for subjective report measures (asynchronous stroking and control statements) are confounded by participant hypothesis awareness; report may reflect response to demand characteristics. Subjective report is often accompanied by indirect (also called ‘objective’ or ‘implicit’) measures. Here we report tests of expectancies for synchronous ‘illusion’ and asynchronous ‘control’ conditions across two pre-registered studies (n = 140 and n = 45) for two indirect measures: proprioceptive drift (a change in perceived hand location) and skin conductance response (SCR; a measure of physiological arousal). Expectancies for synchronous condition measures were greater than for asynchronous condition in both studies. Differences between synchronous and asynchronous control condition measures are therefore confounded by hypothesis awareness. Indirect measures of rubber hand effects may reflect compliance, bias and phenomenological control in response to demand characteristics. Valid control measures are required to support claims of a role of multisensory integration for both direct and indirect measures of rubber hand effects.
Validating a methodology for understanding pedestrian - vehicle interactions: A comparison of video and field observations
Authors: Madigan Ruth , Lee Yee Mun , Merat Natasha
Published: May 2021

The successful deployment of automated vehicles (AVs) will depend on their capacity to travel within a mixed traffic environment, adopting appropriate interaction strategies across different scenarios. Thus, it is important to gain a detailed understanding of the specific types of interactions that are most likely to arise. The overall purpose of this paper was to present a methodology designed to facilitate the systematic observation of pedestrian-vehicle interactions, and to validate its use for both onsite and video based observations. A detailed observation protocol was developed to capture pedestrian and vehicle movement and communication patterns across four interaction phases. Onsite coders completed field observations of 50 pedestrian-vehicle interactions at a UK intersection, while video coders observed the same interactions recorded through a wireless camera mounted on a nearby rooftop. Results show that the observation protocol provides a reliable methodology for capturing patterns of pedestrian-vehicle interactions, with high levels of inter-coder consistency emerging across all categories of codes. A detailed examination of the specific descriptors selected suggests that onsite coding may be particularly beneficial in situations where the aim is to capture any explicit, and perhaps subtle, communication cues, whereas video based coding may be more appropriate in situations where exact sequences of behaviours or measurements of timings are desired. It is anticipated that this type of observation tool will be beneficial for AV developers to increase their understanding of how to interpret the movements of road users, along with increasing knowledge of when implicit and explicit communication techniques should be used.
Going to College with a Posse: How Having High School Peers on Campus Supports College Achievement
Authors: Binning Kevin R , Blatt Lorraine R. , Chen Susie , Votruba-Drzal Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

The social experience of transitioning to a four-year university varies widely among students. Some attend with few or no prior contacts or acquaintances from their hometown; others attend with a large network of high school alumni. Using a sample (N=43,240) of undergraduates spanning 7.5 years at a public university, we examine what factors predict high school peer-prevalence on campus (HSPP) and whether HSPP predicts college achievement above and beyond such factors. Analyses found that HSPP was predicted by variables associated with societal privilege (e.g., being White, continuing generation). Above and beyond these variables, HSPP independently predicted higher grades in gateway STEM courses and, among first-generation college students, higher retention. The role of HSPP in fostering equity and inequity is discussed.
The Intergenerational Consequences of Climate Change on Later Life Mortality: Evidence from Individual-Level U.S. Death Records
Authors: Seltzer Nathan
Published: May 2021

Global climate change can impact populations rapidly through the increased occurrence of natural disasters and climate extremes, but also through long-term, gradual changes that alter environmental conditions and impair biological processes. Here, I investigate whether ambient temperatures in utero and during the early years of life are associated with reductions in life expectancy. I combine monthly, state-level climatological data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration with high-resolution, individual-level mortality data from the CenSoc Project, which consists of cleaned and harmonized Social Security Administration death records from 1988-2005. Results indicate that exposure to higher ambient temperatures during gestation and the first four years of life are associated with increased mortality risk in later life for white men from low socioeconomic status backgrounds, but not other groups. It is likely that the effect of climate variability on later life mortality for non-white men is overshadowed by structural systems of racism that impact health stratification. Overall, the results emphasize how climate change has already begun to imprint itself onto demographic processes.
Plain language practices of professional writers in Quebec
Authors: Müller Adeline , Clerc Isabelle , François Thomas
Published: May 2021

This article investigates the plain language practices of professional writers in Quebec, using a survey. We contacted 55 professional writers and asked them to complete an online survey about how they apply plain language in their work, and the type of writing assistance they would find useful. We also asked 40 of those writers to carry out a simplification task to see what kind of simplifications they were actually making.

If the feelings about the reality of the writers’ work is in line with the literature, opinions on plain language guidelines are not. Most writers in our survey find them useful and precise enough, and this contrasts with reported criticisms of such guides. In the simplification task, we noticed that writers focus on the overall understanding of the text, and not only on some linguistic characteristics (as shown in plain language guidelines). The more experienced the writer, the more changes they will make to visual/structural aspects or relational efficiency. Putting the focus on the reader’s needs is their main concern.
Radiographic Analysis of the Sagittal Alignment of Spine and Pelvis in Asymptomatic Indian Population
Authors: Sangondimath Gururaj , Mallepally Abhinandan Reddy , Marathe Nandan , Salimath Suman , Chhabra Havinder Singh
Published: May 2021

Study Design: This is a descriptive observational study.Purpose: The objective of this study is to analyze and document the sagittal alignment of the spine and pelvis in normal Indian adult volunteers and compare these parameters with the study population of other races and ethnicities.Overview of Literature: Given the importance of the spinopelvic parameters, there is a need to describe the parameters differentially in relation to the ethnicity of the studied individual. Very few reports have defined the normal physiological value. Ethnic differences are a significant factor not only when describing the anthropometric data but also when applying the findings to a different ethnic group. We have compared these values with other races and ethnicities so that we can know whether the principles of spinal fixation can be applied globally.Methods: In total, 100 participants were studied by using their anteroposterior and lateral radiographic images of whole of pelvic and spinal area. Additionally, various spinal and pelvic parameters were also measured. Subsequently, the outcomes were analyzed with respect to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). The correlation between different parameters and differences in these parameters between Indians and other races/ethnicities along with population groups were also analyzed. Results: There was a significant increase in thoracic kyphosis (TK) from T1–T12 and T4–T12 with increasing age. Lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral translation (sagittal vertical axis), and pelvic tilt were significantly higher among females. Additionally, sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence, C7 sagittal offset, and T9 sagittal offset were also higher in females. TK (T4–T12 and T1–T12), LL, SS, and pelvic incidence showed a significant correlation with BMI. As compared to European population, TK, segmental LL, and sacral translation were found to be significantly lesser in Indian population.Conclusions: There is a statistically significant difference between Indians and other races/ethnicities and population groups with respect to TK, LL, and sacral translation. The values obtained can be considered as the physiological normal values for Indian population. Importantly, these values can serve as the reference values for future studies.
FORMATION OF THE NEW "UNPRODUCTIVE CLASSES" IN A DIGITAL SOCIETY
Authors: Firsov M. , Chernikova A.
Published: May 2021

The digital society, which has undergone rapid development in the last decade in the Russian Federation, has introduced new trends in the "formation of problems" not only among the productive, but also unproductive segments of the population. So, the new "unproductive classes" in the Russian Federation are being formed in a situation of new historical conditions, the coordinates of which extend to the entire global world and it can be said with all certainty that the problems of Russian society are determined, among other things, by the trends of the "information world community", a part of which today it is.