bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polycythemia Prevalence and Risk Factors in Pilots
Authors: Thanapaisan Patathip , Plaingam Manoj , Manyanont Sorrapong
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: Pilots are frequently exposed to thrombotic risk as a result of immobility from air travel. As hypoxemia is associated with secondary polycythemia, and polycythemia increases the risk of thrombosis, intermittent exposure to high-altitude hypoxic environments could escalate the risk of thrombosis in pilots. Our objectives were to find the prevalence of polycythemia in airplane pilots (primary outcome) and to assess associated risk factors of polycythemia (secondary outcome).

METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data was collected from paper-based and computerized medical records of airplane pilots who applied for Class 1 Aviation Medical Certificate renewal at the Institute of Aviation Medicine, Royal Thai Air Force, Bangkok, Thailand, in 2018. The data was sampled by a simple random sampling technique.

RESULTS: A total of 386 paper-based records were sampled. Of those, 29 (7.5%) of the pilots met polycythemia criteria. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and hemoglobin (correlation coefficient = 0.127) and between BMI and hematocrit (correlation coefficient = 0.105). In multivariate logistic regression of each variable on polycythemia as defined by hemoglobin alone, piloting a non-pressurized aircraft was found to be an independent predictor of polycythemia (odds ratio = 4.3).

DISCUSSION: The prevalence of polycythemia in airplane pilots was 7.5%. Operating a non-pressurized aircraft was a significant risk factor of polycythemia, and pilots with higher BMI were more likely to have increased red blood cell parameters.

Thanapaisan P, Plaingam M, Manyanont S. Polycythemia prevalence and risk factors in pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(9):683–687.
Brain and Lung Biomarker Responses to Hyperoxic Hypobaric Decompression
Authors: Connolly Desmond M. , Madden Leigh A. , Edwards Victoria C. , Lee Vivienne M.
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: Biomarker responses to intensive decompression indicate systemic proinflammatory responses and possible neurological stress. To further investigate responses, 12 additional brain and lung biomarkers were assayed.

METHODS: A total of 15 healthy men (20 to 50 yr) undertook consecutive same-day ascents to 25,000 ft (7620 m), following denitrogenation, breathing 100% oxygen. Venous blood was sampled at baseline (T0), after the second ascent (T8), and next morning (T24). Soluble protein markers of brain and lung insult were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with plasma microparticles quantified using flow cytometry.

RESULTS: Levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and high mobility group box protein 1 were elevated at T8, by 36% and 16%, respectively, before returning to baseline. Levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products fell by 8%, recovering by T24. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rose by 80% over baseline at T24. Monocyte microparticle levels rose by factors of 3.7 at T8 and 2.7 at T24 due to early and late responses in different subjects. Other biomarkers were unaffected or not detected consistently.

DISCUSSION: The elevated biomarkers at T8 suggest a neuroinflammatory response, with later elevation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at T24 indicating an ongoing neurotrophic response and incomplete recovery. A substantial increase at T8 in the ratio of high mobility group box protein 1 to soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products suggests this axis may mediate the systemic inflammatory response to decompression. The mechanism of neuroinflammation is unclear but elevation of monocyte microparticles and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 imply a key role for activated monocytes and/or macrophages.

Connolly DM, Madden LA, Edwards VC, Lee VM. Brain and lung biomarker responses to hyperoxic hypobaric decompression. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(9):667–674.
Clinical Significance of Mottling Rashes in Diving Decompression Sickness
Authors: Breen Ilana D. , Stepanek Jan , Marks Lisa , Yale Katerina , Mesinkovska Natasha , Swanson David
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: Decompression sickness (DCS) is a medical condition caused by outgassing of dissolved nitrogen following rapid ascent by divers and aviators. Cutaneous DCS, historically termed cutis marmorata (CM), presents as a predominantly truncal reticular violaceous-to-dusky eruption. The prevailing theories for its pathogenesis include: localized cutaneous outgassing, paradoxical embolism across a right-to-left shunt (RLS), and brainstem emboli disrupting autonomic control of cutaneous microcirculation.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of reports of cutaneous DCS to investigate relationships among CM, RLS, and neurological sequelae to better elucidate the mechanism of CM. A literature search examining reports of cutaneous DCS yielded 31 eligible studies, comprising a pooled total of 128 patients.

RESULTS: Of the patients with documented workup, 84% showed evidence of RLS with CM. Subsequently 18 patients underwent percutaneous closure of intracardiac RLS with no recurrence of DCS. Of the patients with documented neurological evaluations, 57% experienced both CM and neurological DCS manifestations. The coexistence of RLS and neurological symptoms with CM was noted in numerous cases; exact percentages of overlap cannot be stated due to data unavailability.

DISCUSSION: Our results indicating the striking coexistence of RLS and neurological sequelae in CM patients is supportive of the paradoxical embolism theory of pathogenesis. The frequent coincidence of CM with RLS and neurological symptoms raises concern that CM may signify vulnerability to devastating systemic gas emboli. CM has historically been considered trivial and self-limiting; however, our results support reappraisal of its clinical significance and potential reclassification to the more severe subtype.

Breen ID, Stepanek J, Marks L, Yale K, Mesinkovska N, Swanson D. Clinical significance of mottling rashes in diving decompression sickness. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(9):695–702.
What are the Elements to Target the Anticipatory Signs of Bipolar Disorder Before Diagnosis?
Authors: Bourin Michel
Published: August 2024

Being able to anticipate the discovery of a disease in a given individual remains a clinical challenge. In the case of bipolar disorder (BD), the prodromal phase can be relatively long. Mood lability and the manifestation of depression are the most consistent warning signs. Anxiety, particularly panic attacks, is often a precursor. Early detection of prodromal symptoms may contribute to improving the prognosis of patients with BD. The main objective of this paper is to present the different procedures for the identification of initial and relapse prodromes in these patients.
Percepções e práticas nos primeiros anos de docência: um estudo com egressos de um Curso de Matemática
Authors: Vichinheski Leonardo , Malinoski Fillos Leoni , Iarek Alana Vitória , Passos Bonete Izabel
Published: August 2024

Esta pesquisa, desenvolvida em nível de Iniciação Científica, objetivou compreender como ocorre a prática pedagógica de professores iniciantes, egressos de um curso de Matemática, tendo por referência sua formação inicial e os processos de recontextualização na sala de aula. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, ancorado nos parâmetros metodológicos da História Oral. Foram realizadas, para tanto, seis entrevistas com egressos que se formaram em diferentes períodos no curso e atuam com a disciplina de Matemática em escolas de Educação Básica desde que concluíram a graduação. Essas entrevistas, após gravadas, foram transcritas, textualizadas e legitimadas pelos professores colaboradores. Junto com o aporte teórico utilizado, as narrativas dos colaboradores constituem-se em elementos disparadores para a busca de compreensões acerca da formação e atuação de professores formados no curso. O estudo permitiu melhor compreender como se dá a prática pedagógica de alunos egressos nos primeiros anos de docência e oferece subsídios para rever ações e aprimorar o projeto pedagógico do curso em questão.
Pedagogia da alternância e a formação docente para educação no/do campo
Authors: Freitas Vinicius da Silva , Amparo Victor Martins do , Neri Welvis da Cruz , Silva Cícero José da , Silva Júnior Adonias Soares da , Vieira Maurício Aires
Published: August 2024

O presente estudo pretende mostrar como a Pedagogia da Alternância contribui para a  formação docente e como fomenta a atuação deste profissional na educação no campo. A metodologia usada para tal objetivo foi a revisão integrativa da literatura e a abordagem qualitativa da leitura de oito artigos públicados entre 2019-2023. Os fundamentos teóricos foram baseados nas ideias e escritos de em Paulo Freire (2001), Roseli Salete Caldart (2008, 2011, 2012), Jean-Claude Gimonet (2007), Mônica Castagna Molina (2017, 2011), Miguel Arroyo (2011), dentre outros autores que colaboram para o aprofundamento do tema na atualidade. Os resultados apontaram que a Pedagogia da Alternância é uma prática de ensino emancipatória e um tema que vem ganhando destaque ao longo do tempo, pois possibilita que o conhecimento seja contextualizado e aplicado forma dialógica com a vivência coletiva. O que exige o estabelecimento de um novo perfil de educação, sendo a formação docente um componente essencial para a  atuação deles na educação do/no campo.
Assessment of the depth of anesthesia with hidden Markov model based on cardiopulmonary variables
Authors: de Rocquigny Gaël , Dubost Clément , Humbert Pierre , Oudre Laurent , Labourdette Christophe , Vayatis Nicolas , Tourtier Jean-Pierre , Vidal Pierre-Paul
Published: August 2024

Background

Precise monitoring of the Depth of Anesthesia (DoA) is essential to prevent intra-operative awareness (in case of underdosage) or increased post-operative morbi-mortality (in case of overdosage). The recording of a high- frequency multimodal monitoring during general anesthesia (GA) and the capability of classification of dynamic networks should have the potential to help predicting the DoA in a clinical practice. In this study, we aimed at predicting the DoA according four levels (Awake, Loss of Consciousness (LOC), Anesthesia, Return of Consciousness (ROC), Emergence) thanks to a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) relying on four common physiologic variables: Mean Blood Pressure (MBP), Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (RR), and end-expiratory concentration of sevoflurane (AAEt).

Methods

After induction by sufentanil and propofol, the anesthesia was maintained by sevoflurane. We recorded the physiological variables at a high frequency during all the procedure [cardiopulmonary variables, AAEt, 2- channel ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) data, and BIS values]. In the training phase, the different states (Awake, LOC, Anesthesia, ROC, Emergence) were identified according to the reading of the spectrograms of the two EEG channels. However, the prediction with the HMM were only based on the four physiological variables.

Results

On a dataset consisting of 60 patients under general anaesthesia, results suggested that the HMM had a true positive rate (TPR) for identifying Awake, Anesthesia and Emergence of 88%, 72% and 58%, respectively.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first application of such a model to identify the DoA without relying on EEG data. We suggest that a HMM can help the anesthetist monitoring the DoA out of a set of current physiologic variables without necessity of brain monitoring. The model could be improved by increasing the number of patients in the database and accuracy would probably benefit from adding in the model the data of a single EEG channel.
Nanomedicines in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancers: an updated review
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Zhang Xuan , Xing Jiazhen , Gao Lijian , Lu Hua
Published: August 2024

Prostate cancer (PC) is the third most common male cancer in the world, which occurs due to various mutations leading to the loss of chromatin structure. There are multiple treatments for this type of cancer, of which chemotherapy is one of the most important. Sometimes, a combination of different treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, are used to prevent tumor recurrence. Among other treatments, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) can be mentioned, which has had promising results. One of the drawbacks of chemotherapy and ADT treatments is that they are not targeted to the tumor tissue. For this reason, their use can cause extensive side effects. Treatments based on nanomaterials, known as nanomedicine, have attracted much attention today. Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the main branches of nanomedicine, and they can be made of different materials such as polymer, metal, and carbon, each of which has distinct characteristics. In addition to NPs, nanovesicles (NVs) also have therapeutic applications in PC. In treating PC, synthetic NVs (liposomes, micelles, and nanobubbles) or produced from cells (exosomes) can be used. In addition to the role that NPs and NVs have in treating PC, due to being targeted, they can be used to diagnose PC and check the treatment process. Knowing the characteristics of nanomedicine-based treatments can help design new treatments and improve researchers’ understanding of tumor biology and its rapid diagnosis. In this study, we will discuss conventional and nanomedicine-based treatments. The results of these studies show that the use of NPs and NVs in combination with conventional treatments has higher efficacy in tumor treatment than the individual use of each of them.
Cdon is essential for organ left-right patterning by regulating dorsal forerunner cells clustering and Kupffer’s vesicle morphogenesis
Authors: Deng Zhilin , Ran Qin , Chang Wenqi , Li Chengni , Li Botong , Huang Shuying , Huang Jingtong , Zhang Ke , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Xingdong , Liang Yundan , Guo Zhenhua , Huang Sizhou
Published: August 2024

Cdon and boc are members of the cell adhesion molecule subfamily III Ig/fibronectin. Although they have been reported to be involved in muscle and neural development at late developmental stage, their early roles in embryonic development remain unknown. Here, we discovered that in zebrafish, cdon, but not boc, is expressed in dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs) and the epithelium of Kupffer’s vesicle (KV), suggesting a potential role for cdon in organ left-right (LR) patterning. Further data showed that liver and heart LR patterning were disrupted in cdon morphants and cdon mutants. Mechanistically, we found that loss of cdon function led to defect in DFCs clustering, reduced KV lumen, and defective cilia, resulting in randomized Nodal/spaw signaling and subsequent organ LR patterning defects. Additionally, predominant distribution of a cdon morpholino (MO) in DFCs caused defects in DFC clustering, KV morphogenesis, cilia number/length, Nodal/spaw signaling, and organ LR asymmetry, similar to those observed in cdon morphants and cdon−/− embryos, indicating a cell-autonomous role for cdon in regulating KV formation during LR patterning. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that during gastrulation and early somitogenesis, cdon is essential for proper DFC clustering, KV formation, and normal cilia, thereby playing a critical role in establishing organ LR asymmetry.
Comparative study of systemic and local delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Gregersen Emil , Kresse Jean-Claude , Atay Jasmine Cicek Leifing , Boysen Anders Toftegaard , Nejsum Peter , Eijken Marco , Nørregaard Rikke
Published: August 2024

Renal fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, leads to a progressive decline of renal function and is a common endpoint of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Current treatments primarily focus on managing underlying diseases, offering limited direct intervention for the fibrotic process. This study explores the anti-fibrotic potential of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the context of CKD, emphasizing the effects of systemic versus local delivery methods. Preconditioned MSCs (Pr-MSCs) were treated with TNF-α and IFN-γ to enhance their immunomodulatory capabilities, and demonstrated significant anti-fibrotic effects in vitro, reducing mRNA expression of fibrosis markers in TGF-β stimulated HKC-8 cells. Our in vivo findings from a murine unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model of CKD showed that local deliveries of Pr-MSCs reduced collagen deposition and increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Systemic administration of Pr-MSCs did not show any significant effect on UUO-induced injury. In addition, EVs did not replicate the anti-fibrotic effects observed with their parent cells, suggesting that soluble proteins or metabolites secreted by Pr-MSCs might be the primary mediators of the anti-fibrotic and immunomodulatory effects. This study provides critical insights into the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, highlighting the importance of delivery methods and the potential of preconditioning strategies in enhancing MSC-based therapies for renal fibrosis.
Unraveling the interplay: exploring signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer in the context of pancreatic embryogenesis
Authors: Swain Sashikanta , Narayan Ravi Kant , Mishra Pravash Ranjan
Published: August 2024

Pancreatic cancer continues to be a deadly disease because of its delayed diagnosis and aggressive tumor biology. Oncogenes and risk factors are being reported to influence the signaling pathways involved in pancreatic embryogenesis leading to pancreatic cancer genesis. Although studies using rodent models have yielded insightful information, the scarcity of human pancreatic tissue has made it difficult to comprehend how the human pancreas develops. Transcription factors like IPF1/PDX1, HLXB9, PBX1, MEIS, Islet-1, and signaling pathways, including Hedgehog, TGF-β, and Notch, are directing pancreatic organogenesis. Any derangements in the above pathways may lead to pancreatic cancer. TP53: and CDKN2A are tumor suppressor genes, and the mutations in TP53 and somatic loss of CDKN2A are the drivers of pancreatic cancer. This review clarifies the complex signaling mechanism involved in pancreatic cancer, the same signaling pathways in pancreas development, the current therapeutic approach targeting signaling molecules, and the mechanism of action of risk factors in promoting pancreatic cancer.
Advances and recent trends in plant-based materials and edible films: a mini-review
Authors: Olawade David B. , Wada Ojima Z. , Ige Abimbola O.
Published: August 2024

Plant-based materials and edible films have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional packaging materials, offering sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions. This mini-review highlights the significance of plant-based materials derived from polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, showcasing their renewable and biodegradable nature. The properties of edible films, including mechanical strength, barrier properties, optical characteristics, thermal stability, and shelf-life extension, are explored, showcasing their suitability for food packaging and other applications. Moreover, the application of 3D printing technology allows for customized designs and complex geometries, paving the way for personalized nutrition. Functionalization strategies, such as active and intelligent packaging, incorporation of bioactive compounds, and antimicrobial properties, are also discussed, offering additional functionalities and benefits. Challenges and future directions are identified, emphasizing the importance of sustainability, scalability, regulation, and performance optimization. The potential impact of plant-based materials and edible films is highlighted, ranging from reducing reliance on fossil fuels to mitigating plastic waste and promoting a circular economy. In conclusion, plant-based materials and edible films hold great potential in revolutionizing the packaging industry, offering sustainable alternatives to conventional materials. Embracing these innovations will contribute to reducing plastic waste, promoting a circular economy, and creating a sustainable and resilient planet.
Analysis of miRNAs involved in mouse brain injury upon Coxsackievirus A6 infection
Authors: Sun Yihao , Hao Yilin , Wu Jie , Qian Shasha , Shen Shuo , Yu Yuting
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) has emerged as the predominant epidemic strain responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). CV-A6 infection can result in severe clinical manifestations, including encephalitis, meningitis, and potentially life-threatening central nervous system disorders. Our previous research findings demonstrated that neonatal mice infected with CV-A6 exhibited limb weakness, paralysis, and ultimately succumbed to death. However, the underlying mechanism of CV-A6-induced nervous system injury remains elusive. Numerous reports have highlighted the pivotal role of miRNAs in various viral infections.

Methods

Separately established infection and control groups of mice were used to create miRNA profiles of the brain tissues before and after CV-A6 transfection, followed by experimental verification, prediction, and analysis of the results.

Results

At 2 days post-infection (dpi), 4 dpi, and 2dpi vs 4dpi, we identified 175, 198 and 78 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs respectively using qRT-PCR for validation purposes. Subsequently, we predicted target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs and determined their potential targets through GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment analysis and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis. Finally, we verified the miRNA-mRNA pairing via double luciferase experiments while confirming functional enrichment of target genes through Western Blotting analyses.

Discussion

The results from this study suggest that transcriptional regulation, neuronal necrosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and antiviral immunity are all implicated in the pathogenesis of central nervous system injury in mice infected with CV-A6. Brain injury resulting from CV-A6 infection may involve multiple pathways, including glial cell activation, neuronal necrosis, synaptic destruction, degenerative diseases of the nervous system. It can even encompass destruction of the blood-brain barrier, leading to central nervous system injury. The dysregulated miRNAs and signaling pathways discovered in this study provide valuable insights for further investigations into the pathogenesis of CV-A6.
Broadening horizons: intestinal microbiota as a novel biomarker and potential treatment for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Wang Min , Zheng Lianwen , Meng Yang , Ma Shuai , Zhao Donghai , Xu Ying
Published: August 2024

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are severe complications of pregnancy with high morbidity and are a major cause of increased maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is a lack of effective early diagnostic indicators and safe and effective preventive strategies for HDP in clinical practice, except for monitoring maternal blood pressure levels, the degree of proteinuria, organ involvement and fetal conditions. The intestinal microbiota consists of the gut flora and intestinal environment, which is the largest microecosystem of the human body and participates in material and energy metabolism, gene expression regulation, immunity regulation, and other functions. During pregnancy, due to changes in hormone levels and altered immune function, the intestinal microecological balance is affected, triggering HDP. A dysregulated intestinal microenvironment influences the composition and distribution of the gut flora and changes the intestinal barrier, driving beneficial or harmful bacterial metabolites and inflammatory responses to participate in the development of HDP and promote its malignant development. When the gut flora is dysbiotic and affects blood pressure, supplementation with probiotics and dietary fiber can be used to intervene. In this review, the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and HDP was investigated to explore the feasibility of the gut flora as a novel biomarker of HDP and to provide a new strategy and basis for the prevention and treatment of clinical HDP.
Sustainability in undergraduate course curricula at Andalusian (Spain) universities: a critical analysis
Authors: Aranda Lourdes , Rumiche Chávarry Rocío del Pilar , Ríos-Ariza José Manuel , Mena-Rodríguez Esther
Published: August 2024

Education is one of the main tools used to implement sustainable development goals (SDGs). Higher education institutions (HEIs) have a major social responsibility regarding sustainability given the relevance and impact of their educational work and the creation of knowledge through their research. Sustainability is promoted and linked to values, teaching-learning methodologies, and studying of global–local problems. Within this framework, the objective of our research is to determine the presence and means by which sustainability appears in the course curricula of university bachelor’s degrees of the public universities of Andalusia (Spain). The study used quantitative methodology. As in other studies, major deficiencies have been revealed in terms of the inclusion of sustainability in the universities, determining a limited presence of local problems to address sustainability. Thus, Andalusian universities distance themselves from the society and community in which they exist. This may also limit student knowledge of sustainability issues in which they could potentially be relevant participants.
Metastatic disease and major adverse cardiovascular events preceding diagnosis are the main determinants of disease-specific survival of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma: long-term follow-up of 303 patients
Authors: Raber Wolfgang , Schendl Raphael , Arikan Melisa , Scheuba Andreas , Mazal Peter , Stadlmann Valerie , Lehner Reinhard , Zeitlhofer Petra , Baumgartner-Parzer Sabina , Gabler Cornelia , Esterbauer Harald
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The natural history in unselected cohorts of patients with pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma (PPGL) followed for a period >10 years remains limited. We aimed to describe baseline characteristics and outcome of a large cohort and to identify predictors of shorter survival.

Methods

This retrospective single-center study included 303 patients with newly diagnosed PPGL from 1968 to December 31, 2023, in 199 prospectively supplemented since July 2020. Mean follow-up was 11.4 (range 0.3-50) years, germline genetic analyses were available in 92.1%. The main outcome measures were overall (OAS), disease-specific (DSS), recurrence-free (RFS) survival and predictors of shorter survival evaluated in patients with metastases at first diagnosis (n=12), metastatic (n=24) and nonmetastatic (n=33) recurrences and without evidence of PPGL after first surgery (n=234).

Results

Age at study begin was 49.4 ± 16.3 years. There were 72 (23.8%) deaths, 15 (5.0%), 29 (9.6%) and 28 (9.2%) due to PPGL, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and malignant or other diseases, respectively. Median OAS, DSS1 (tumor-related) and DSS2 (DSS1 and death caused by CVD) were 4.8, 5.9 and 5.2 years (patients with metastases at first diagnosis), 21.2, 21.2 and 19.9 years, and 38.0, undefined and 38.0 years (patients with metastatic and with nonmetastatic recurrences, respectively). Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) preceded the first diagnosis in 15% (n=44). Shorter DSS2 correlated with older age (P ≤ 0.001), male sex (P ≤ 0.02), MACE (P ≤ 0.01) and primary metastases (P<0.0001, also for DSS1).

Conclusion

The clinical course of unselected patients with PPGL is rather benign. Survival rates remain high for decades, unless there are MACE before diagnosis or metastatic disease.
Advanced signal analysis for high-impedance fault detection in distribution systems: a dynamic Hilbert transform method
Authors: Gogula Vyshnavi , Edward Belwin
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a novel approach for detecting high-impedance faults (HIF) in distribution systems that uses the Hilbert transform. Our approach is based on determining the instantaneous frequency of signals and detecting deviations from a reference frequency. Our technique is very sensitive to fault fluctuations because it makes use of the Hilbert transform’s ability to capture dynamic signal properties like phase and frequency alterations. This sensitivity enables the extraction of unique features that identify fault signals, providing critical insights into fault detection and location. Notably, our method is appropriate for the analysis of non-stationary signals, which are typical in power systems where signal attributes vary fast during fault conditions. Furthermore, our method resolves deviations by comparing them to a predefined range and displaying essential features such as basic frequency, RMS (Root Mean Square), Crest Factor, Minimum and Maximum Deviations, and Maximum Current Amplitude. These values offer unique insights into the present signal’s qualities, which aids in defect detection and diagnostics, particularly in HIF settings. Our proposed technique detects high-impedance flaws by evaluating deviations from the nominal frequency, even in environments with weaker features and variable surface conditions. To improve our system’s robustness and usefulness, we recommend performing additional study on adaptive thresholding algorithms and real-time implementation choices. Future research areas could involve investigating the integration of machine learning algorithms for automatic fault categorization and localization, which would enhance the capabilities of distribution system fault detection approaches.
The impact of Climate Change on extreme winds over northern Europe according to CMIP6
Authors: Larsén Xiaoli Guo , Imberger Marc , Hannesdóttir Ásta
Published: August 2024

We study the possible effect of climate change on the extreme wind over northern Europe using data from 18 models of the Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the high-emission Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5-8.5 (SSP585) scenario. We use the spectral correction method to correct the 6-hourly wind speeds and calculate the 50-year wind at an equivalent temporal resolution of 10 min, consistent with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard. We obtain the possible effect of climate change through the comparison of the extreme wind parameters, including the 50-year wind and the 95%-percentile of the wind speed, and the change in turbine class at 50 m, 100 m and 200 m, between a near future period (2020–2049) and the historic period (1980–2009). The analysis shows an overall increase in the extreme winds in the North Sea and the southern Baltic Sea, but a decrease over the Scandinavian Peninsula and most of the Baltic Sea. However, the suggested change is not significant enough to conclude whether higher or lower classes of turbines will be needed in this area in the future.
A well-testing model for partially perforated wells in natural gas hydrate reservoirs
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhou Yunjian , He Yufa , Fu Qiang , Li Peihuan , Qi Peng , Fang Xing
Published: August 2024

Natural gas hydrates (NGH) are considered a very promising source of clean energy due to their widespread distribution, high energy density, and pure combustion products. Currently, there are few studies on NGH reservoir well testing, and the models are often idealistic, lacking practical guidance for field application. In this paper, a well-testing model for partially perforated wells in the NGH reservoir is proposed, which takes into account the dynamic decomposition of hydrates. This model can simulate the performance of the perforated NGH well with a dynamic dissociation interface, which divides the reservoir into decomposed and undecomposed regions. Governing equations in cylindrical coordinates are formulated to depict fluid flow. Moving boundaries and dissociation coefficients are incorporated to describe the solid-to-gas transition within hydrates. Analytical solutions including the pressure transient behaviors of the NGH reservoir and the bottomhole pressure (BHP) of partially perforated wells are derived by utilizing the Laplace transform method of the separation of variables and the Stehfest numerical inversion algorithm. Sensitivity analysis is conducted using the parameters from partially perforated wells and NGH formation properties. We plot the pressure and pressure derivative curves in double logarithmic coordinates to study the pressure transient behaviors. There are seven flow regimes that are typical for partially perforated wells in the NGH reservoir, namely, pure wellbore storage, skin effect, spherical flow, pseudo-radial flow, composite effect, improvement, and radial flow regimes.
Top oil temperature prediction at a multiple time scale for power transformers based on adaptive extended Kalman filter
Authors: Luo Yingting , Wang Lei , Jiang Junfei , Li Duanjiao , Lai Shiyu , Liu Jianming , La Yuan , Sun Wenxing , Shi Mo
Published: August 2024

To achieve load management optimization and timely failure warning for power transformers, as well as improve the reliability of the power network, this paper proposes a multiple time scale prediction method for top oil temperature (TOT) based on an adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) algorithm. This method combines the Kalman filter (KF) algorithm and the D. Susa thermal model. The TOT, oil exponent and oil time constant are taken as state variables, while the ambient temperature and load current are used as input variables. The iterative optimization of the oil exponent and oil time constant is realized by comparing the estimated and observed TOT values. Moreover, the proposed method utilizes an adaptive noise estimator to correct the noise statistics parameters, which simplifies the initial noise setting and thus further improves the TOT prediction accuracy. A case study is conducted with two 110 kV transformers. The results show that comparing the thermal equivalent circuit model and the extended KF algorithm, the proposed method has a higher accuracy in the intraday ultra-short-term prediction on a 15-min time scale and day-ahead short-term prediction on a 24-h time scale for the TOT.
Outcome of the entomological monitoring for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the western and southern regions of Kazakhstan in 2021–2022
Authors: Nurmakhanov T. , Tukhanova N. , Sayakova Z. , Sadovskaya V. , Shevtsov A. , Tokmurziyeva G. , Turebekov N.
Published: August 2024

The natural foci of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Kazakhstan are geographically located in the southern regions of the country (Kyzylorda, Turkestan and Zhambyl regions), where the infection of ticks with the CCHF virus predominantly reside, tick species composition and the number of vectors are monitored annually. The objective of our research was to investigate the genetic variants of the CCHF virus in the southern endemic regions, as well as to monitor the spread of the CCHF virus in the western regions of the country (Aktobe, Atyrau and Mangystau regions). In total, 974 (216 pools) ticks from the western regions and 3527 (583 pools) ticks from the southern regions collected during 2021–2022 were investigated. The presence of CCHF virus was detected by real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT- PCR) in 1 pool out of 799 pools (0.12%) with Hyalomma scupense ticks captured in the CCHF-endemic Kyzylorda region. In the western regions, CCHF virus was not detected in ticks. The sequencing of incomplete fragments of the S, M and L segments of the CCHF virus in the detected virus was identified as genotype Asia - I. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate obtained in this study is grouped with the isolate from a patient with CCHF, which we reported in 2015 (KX129738 Genbank). Our findings highlight the importance of including sequencing in the annual monitoring system for better understanding the evolution of the CCHF virus in the study areas of our country.
Population comparison of innate and plastic host plant preference and performance in a polyphagous insect
Authors: Karlsson Green Kristina , De Pasqual Chiara , Litto Maria , Anderson Peter
Published: August 2024

During decision-making, animals may use either innate or plastic behaviours. This has been suggested to be important for generalist phytophagous insects where females need to assess a large range of cues during host plant selection for oviposition. To facilitate the choice, generalists may thus use innate preference hierarchies among host plants combined with phenotypic plasticity based on earlier host experience, but if populations differ in whether they rely on innate or plastic factors during decision-making is not well-known. Females from an Egyptian population of the polyphagous moth Spodoptera littoralis has previously been found to shift preference between plants in their innate preference hierarchy depending on larval host plant experience. We studied the innate preference hierarchy for three host plants (cotton, cabbage and cowpea), and whether the hierarchy shifts based on larval host plant experience, in a Northern range margin population (Italy) and a core population (Kenya) of S. littoralis, to see if and how these traits vary across populations. In addition, we studied larval performance on the three host plants in all three populations. The Italian and Kenyan populations had different innate preference hierarchies, and both hierarchies differed from the hierarchy that has previously been found in the Egyptian population. Furthermore, the host plant selection of ovipositing females was affected by larval diet in the Italian and Kenyan population, but the larval host plant experience did not completely shift the preference hierarchy as in the Egyptian population. This indicates that not only host plant preference per se, but also phenotypic plasticity during host plant selection can vary between populations. We further found that the populations responded differently to larval diet for some performance traits. However, it was only the Italian population that showed indications of any link between preference and performance, as they had slower development on their least preferred host plant. Overall, preference divergence between populations seems not to be driven by local variation in larval performance.
Disease activity assessment in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lin Angela , Wakhlu Ambika , Connelly Kathryn
Published: August 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and complex underlying immunologic dysfunction. This poses a significant challenge to the accurate assessment of disease activity, which is central to both clinical management and research in SLE. This review aims to describe common barriers to accurately measuring disease activity in SLE and different approaches to disease activity assessment. We will cover the evaluation of disease activity in clinical practice and discuss the role of widely used and emerging disease activity instruments in both clinical and research contexts, including measures of flare, treat-to-target disease states and clinical trial endpoints.
The use of autonomous underwater vehicles for monitoring aquaculture setups in a high-energy shallow water environment: case study Belgian North Sea
Authors: Peck Christopher J. , Langedock Kobus , Boone Wieter , Fourie Fred , Moulaert Ine , Semeraro Alexia , Sterckx Tomas , Geldhof Ruben , Groenendaal Bert , Ponsoni Leandro
Published: August 2024

Effective and frequent inspections are crucial for understanding the ecological and structural health of aquaculture setups. Monitoring in turbid, shallow, and dynamic environments can be time-intensive, expensive, and with a certain level of risk. The use of monitoring techniques based on autonomous vehicles is an attractive alternative approach because these vehicles are becoming easier to use, cheaper and more apt to carry different sensors. In this study, we used an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) equipped with interferometric side scan sonar to observe an aquaculture setup in the Belgain North Sea. The surveys provided information on the longlines and indicated that the mussel dropper lines touched the seabed, implying that mussel growth weighed the longlines down. The side scan imagery also captured significant scouring around the longline anchors and localized debris on the seabed, which is important information to ensure the long-term sustainability of the setup and impact on the seabed. The results show that observing mussel longlines in a turbid, shallow, and high-energy environment using an AUV is a viable technique that can provide valuable information. Thus, the present study provides key insights into the application of innovative uncrewed monitoring techniques and forms an important step towards efficient and sustainable management of offshore aquaculture setups.
A model to assess the importance of runway and taxiway particles to aircraft engine compressor deterioration
Authors: Scarso Stefano , Staudacher Stephan , Mathes Jürgen , Schwarz Norman
Published: August 2024

During service, civil turbofans experience environmentally induced deterioration. Predicting this in a digital service twin model is computationally challenging due to the need to model both deterioration mechanisms and environmental conditions. For compressor erosion, a key challenge is to model particle ingestion throughout a flight mission (FM). During ground operations, these particles may be airborne or deposited on runways and taxiways. This work assesses the impact of the latter on turbofan core compressor deterioration during a mission. The airflow field in front of the engine intake is approximated using potential flow theory. Comparisons with measurements show that the predicted air velocity near the engine is underestimated since the inlet ground vortices generated from viscous effects are neglected. The forces acting on the particles are derived from the flow field. It turns out that most particles are lifted from the ground during take-off (TO). Yet only smaller particles below ≈ 50 µm are ingested into the engine intake. A deterioration model based on flat plate erosion experiments is used to compute mission severity, assuming all particles are similar to medium Arizona Road Dust. The results indicate that the engine’s distance from the ground, power setting, and the number of particles on the ground are key parameters influencing the impact of runway and taxiway particles. Considering the underestimation of the airflow field and thus the number of particles ingested, it is concluded that runway and taxiway particles play a major role in turbofan compressor deterioration.
Sixteen prescribed Chinese herbal medicines provide time-dependent cardiorenal and survival benefits in patients with overall and advanced diabetic kidney disease: a real-world study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Hsiao-Tien , Tung Chien-Hsueh , Yu Ben-Hui , Chen Yi-Chun
Published: August 2024

Background

A causal connection between oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes, along with its associated renal and cardiovascular complications, has been established. Sixteen prescribed potentially renoprotective Chinese herbal medicines for diabetic kidney disease (PRCHMDKD), which are scientific Chinese medicine (botanical drug) and categorized into five classes (clearing heat, nourishing yin, dampness dispelling, tonifying qi, and harmonizing formulas), exhibit shared antioxidative properties and target multiple oxidative stress pathways. However, the time-response, cumulative effects, and safety (hyperkalemia risk) of these sixteen PRCHMDKD on cardiorenal and survival outcomes in patients with overall and advanced DKD remain unresolved.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed national health insurance claims data in 2000–2017. Four statistical methods, including Cox proportional hazards models, complementary restricted mean survival time (RMST), propensity score matching, and competing risk analysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), were employed to investigate this relationship. The study included 43,480 PRCHMDKD users and an equal number of matched nonusers within the overall DKD patient population. For advanced DKD patients, the cohort comprised 1,422 PRCHMDKD users and an equivalent number of matched nonusers.

Results

PRCHMDKD use in overall and advanced, respectively, DKD patients was associated with time-dependent reductions in adjusted hazard ratios for ESRD (0.66; 95% CI, 0.61–0.70 vs. 0.81; 0.65–0.99), all-cause mortality (0.48; 0.47–0.49 vs. 0.59; 0.50–0.70), and cardiovascular mortality (0.50; 0.48–0.53 vs. 0.61; 0.45–0.82). Significant differences in RMST were observed in overall and advanced, respectively, DKD patients, favoring PRCHMDKD use: 0.31 years (95% CI, 0.24–0.38) vs. 0.61 years (0.13–1.10) for ESRD, 2.71 years (2.60–2.82) vs. 1.50 years (1.03–1.98) for all-cause mortality, and 1.18 years (1.09–1.28) vs. 0.59 years (0.22–0.95) for cardiovascular mortality. Additionally, hyperkalemia risk did not increase. These findings remained consistent despite multiple sensitivity analyses. Notably, the cumulative effects of utilizing at least four or five classes and multiple botanical drugs from the sixteen PRCHMDKD provided enhanced renoprotection for patients with both overall and advanced DKD. This suggests that there is involvement of multiple targets within the oxidative stress pathways associated with DKD.

Conclusion

This real-world study suggests that using these sixteen PRCHMDKD provides time-dependent cardiorenal and survival benefits while ensuring safety for DKD patients.
Comparative analysis of adverse event risks in breast cancer patients receiving pembrolizumab combined with paclitaxel versus paclitaxel monotherapy: insights from the FAERS database
Authors: Li Yilun , Yang Xiaolu , Ma Li
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the risk of adverse events (AEs) in breast cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab combined with paclitaxel versus those receiving pembrolizumab or paclitaxel monotherapy, using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods

Data were extracted from the FAERS database for breast cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab combined with paclitaxel or with pembrolizumab or paclitaxel monotherapy from Q1 2016 to Q2 2023. Disproportionation analysis was performed by calculating the reporting odds ratio (ROR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI), the information component (IC), and the lower bound of the information component 95% confidence interval (IC025) to identify potential safety signals.

Results

No significant difference in AEs was observed between the combined treatment group and the pembrolizumab monotherapy group. However, the combined treatment group exhibited a substantial increase in AE risk compared to the paclitaxel monotherapy group. The most significant increases in AE risk were adrenal insufficiency (ROR = 189.94, 95% CI 25.41–1419.7, IC = 3.37, IC025 = 1.59), hypophysitis (ROR = 99.46, 95% CI 12.72–777.4, IC = 3.31, IC025 = 1.44), and myocarditis (ROR = 69.5, 95% CI 8.55–565.23, IC = 3.25, IC025 = 1.33). The time-to-event for combined treatment was 35 (34–70) days, for pembrolizumab was 43 (35–90) days, and for paclitaxel was 42 (37–76) days. The combination therapy group demonstrated significantly shorter intervals to the onset of adrenal insufficiency (p = 0.008), myocarditis (p < 0.001), and immune-related enterocolitis (p = 0.009).

Conclusion

Analysis of the FAERS database indicates that combination therapy significantly elevates the risk of adrenal insufficiency, myocarditis, hypophysitis, and immune-related enterocolitis compared to paclitaxel monotherapy. These findings provide critical insights for clinicians in predicting and managing potential AEs associated with this treatment regimen.