bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on Heterosis for Fruit Yield, Quality and ToLCV Resistant in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Kerketta Anita , Bahadur Vijay , Srivastava Rajneesh , Luthra Suraj , Yadav Agnivesh , Lal Lalita
Published: August 2023

Aims: The current study was designed to investigate the nature and extent of heterosis for marketable fruit output, quality attributes, and resistance to tomato leaf curl virus.

Study Design: Statistical Randomized Block Design.

Place and Duration of Study: The current study was conducted in Horticulture Research Field at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences at Prayagraj U.P. India during Rabi, 2016–17.

Methodology: The experimental included three testers and thirteen lines During Rabi, 2016–17, out of these, ten lines (female parents) were crossed with every three testers (male parents). The resulting 30 F1s were assessed for yield, fruit quality, and leaf curl virus resistance.  To gather data, five plants from each replication were randomly tagged in each entry and analysis of variance was performed. Heterosis over better parent (BP) was calculated by treating each feature using the approach proposed by Hayes et al. [1]. The studied data were statically analyzed using the Indostat software Hyderabad program.

Results: The standard heterosis for fruit yield ranged from -67.19 to 29.70% Check (Kashi Abhiman). Five crosses viz., Arka Abha x Kashi Aman, Arka Abha x Kashi Vishesh, Pant T-7 x Kashi Vishesh, S-22 x H-88-78-5 and Pant T-7 x Kashi Aman were exhibited sufficient amount of significant and positive heterosis for fruit yield over standard check. The hybrids Azad T-5 x Kashi Aman and Pant T-7 x Kashi Aman exhibited low incidence with negative heterosis for the ToLCV incidence and severity.

Conclusion: Commercialization of hybrid vigor in tomato (Solanum lycopersium L.) has gained prominence due to various advantages of hybrids over pure line varieties, including higher marketable fruit output, component characteristics, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses.  According to data presented in the study it is concluded that hybrid vigour can obtain by crossing of parents having desirable characters in tomato.
Bioassay of Phytochemicals Isolated from Chloroform Extracts of Azadirachta indica Leaves
Authors: Gurav Nitin Vitthal , Gade Rajendra Marotrao , Choudhari Rupeshkumar Jagannath
Published: August 2023

The present study investigated the chemical constituents isolated from Azadirachta indica chloroform extract. The extraction of leaves was done using Soxhlet extraction apparatus. To isolate and identify the antibacterial fraction from Azadirachta indica chloroform extract, TLC-bioautography was carried out. Phenol 3,5-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl), Phthalic acid bis (7-methyloclyl), Dido decyl phthalates, Oxalic acid, allyl hexadecyl ester, and 2-Piperidinone, N-(4-bromo-n-butyl) were the five primary antibacterial chemicals identified by the GC-MS study. The findings of the FTIR study revealed the presence of functional groups C-H str, C=O str, and C=C str as well as alcohol and the carboxylate ion. While the 13C NMR data demonstrated the existence of carbonyl, aromatic carbon, quaternary carbon, olefinic carbon, and methyl group, and the 1H NMR results revealed the presence of aliphatic OH, methyl, aromatic OH, and olefinic proton. The phytoconstituents detected using GC-MS analysis showed a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antimalarial effects. Thus, Azadirachta indica plant has a high concentration of medicinal phytoconstituents that can be used to make antimicrobial medications to fight against plant pathogenic bacteria.
Establishment of Soil Fertility Gradient and Its Statistical Verification Based on Soil and Crop Response
Authors: Shrivastav Akshay , Srivastava Ajaya , Bahadur Raj , Dey Pradip
Published: August 2023

To assess the effects of soil fertility gradient on crop yield, nutrient uptake, and soil fertility, a field experiment was conducted on an oat crop at Norman. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G.B.U.A.&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India during rabi 2020–21. The experimental field was partitioned into three identical strips. In strip I, N0P0K0 was applied, while strip II received N100P100K100, and strip III was treated with N200P200K200 fertilizers. Nutrient sources included of N:P:K mixture, urea, single superphosphate, and muriate of potash. Oats were cultivated as the exhaust crop, following recommended agronomic procedures, and were harvested upon reaching maturity. Samples of both grain and straw were collected from each strip. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of these samples were assessed, and the total nutrient uptake was calculated. A short-term exhaust crop is grown to transform fertilizer in the soil with plant and microbial activities.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery in Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Pathological Response as a Prognostic Indicator?
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Banerjee Monalisa , Kantharia Shehnaz , Kantharia Rajesh
Published: August 2023

Objective: To analyze the pathological response and clinical outcomes in patients receiving Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: Retrospective study of prospectively collected data of 87 patients who received Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma from 2018 to 2021 was done in the department of head and neck surgery. The pathological response to Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was assessed and classified into complete response, partial response and no response. Pathological response and its prognostic importance with various parameters were evaluated.

Results: Total number of 87 patients received Neoadjuvant chemotherapy  followed by surgery for locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma, 58 cases were of buccoalveolar complex, 27 were of tongue and 2 were of metastasis of unknown origin , complete response to Neoadjuvant chemotherapy  was seen in 4 tongue and 2 buccoalveolar complex and 2 metastasis of unknown origin cases, partial response to Neoadjuvant chemotherapy  was seen in 35 buccoalveolar complex and 11 tongue cases. Out of total 87 patients 25 patients defaulted adjuvant therapy and did not completed prescribed treatment and were lost to follow up. 62 patients who completed treatment and follow up, 38 (61.2%) patients were present in the complete (6) and partial response (32) group, rest (24) in no response group. In the median follow up period of 42 months, the complete and partial response group patients showed better overall survival (P = 0.058) and disease-free survival (P = 0.174) then the no response group overall survival (P = 0.058) and disease-free survival (P = 0.174) but statistically no significant changes amongst group were observed.

Conclusion: The lesions of the tongue are better responding to buccoavleolar complex lesions in complete response groups. disease-free survival and overall survival are higher in the complete response group compared to no response group.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli in Poultry from Doba Commune, Chad
Authors: Antipas Ban-bo Bebanto , Ossoga Gédéon Walbang , Nodjidoumgoto Ndomba , Richard Gandolo Bongo Nare , Kebkiba Bidjeh , Issakou Bakarnga-via
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis are diseases that have a major economic impact on poultry farming and public health worldwide. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of multidrug resistant Salmonellosis and Escherichia coli in Doba commune, Chad

Methodology: This is an experimental study that took place in Doba, the survey of which was carried out among 41 poultry farming households in 15 districts. The samples of faeces were taken with an average of 13 samples per district and were cultured at the IRED Laboratory in N'Djamena. The strains of Salmonella spp and E. coli isolated were identified by the Enterosystem 18R gallery. Their antibiotic sensitivities were tested against 12 selected antibiotics. The Epi Info 7 ™ software was used to perform the statistical analyses.

Results: For this study, 193 samples of faeces were cultured. However, 24 (12.44%) strains were isolated and identified, including 13 (6.74%) Salmonella spp and 11 (5.70%) Escherichia coli. These strains of Salmonella spp were more sensitive to Imipenem (92.31%). They were more resistant to Clotrimazole (84.62%). For E. coli, the highest sensitivity was observed in Imipenem (76.92%). It was more resistant to Amoxicillin + Clavunalic Acid (AMC) 69.23%. Non-compliance with food hygiene, lack of maintenance of the habitat, non-compliance with prophylactic and sanitary measures were the risk factors most linked to the presence of salmonellosis and E. coli. According to the profile, the resistance of Salmonella spp to antibiotics was more observed in Béraba (23.08%) and that of Escherichia coli in Bédokassa (27.27%).

Conclusion: This study allowed the identification of multidrug resistant Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli in poultry farming households. Non-compliance with food hygiene, lack of maintenance of the habitat, non-compliance with prophylactic and sanitary measures were the risk factors most linked to the presence of salmonellosis and E. coli.
Antonia dos Santos Garcia
Authors: NEIM Núcleo de Estudos Interdisciplinares sobre a Mulher
Published: August 2023

In memoriam: Antonia dos Santos Garcia.
Arquiteturas e cidades no Atlântico Negro, raízes africanas e (re)invenções na diáspora
Authors: Velame Fábio Macêdo , Veríssimo Céline , Pena João Soares , Vaz Murad Jorge Mussi
Published: August 2023

Entrevista.
A presença negra no interior paulista - Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Joana D’Arc de , Menck Vitor Daniel
Published: August 2023

Este trabalho analisa a presença negra no interior paulista tendo como objetos de observação e interpretação os municípios de São Carlos e Americana. Para tal, aborda a presença das africanidades na história e cultura brasileira, destacando as ações empreendidas pelo Estado e pelas elites nacionais, para estereotipar, marginalizar, criminalizar e subjugar as populações negras. Destaca as ações de resistências empreendidas por homens e mulheres negros para garantirem sua subsistência e a manutenção de seus saberes culturais. As análises pautam-se num referencial teórico interdisciplinar, que transita na arquitetura, urbanismo, geografia e história e também em dados angariados por meio do emprego da história oral. Por fim, descortina as histórias, estratégias e memórias das populações negras comumente ocultadas.
“Quem pode ser dono da morada de deuses?”
Authors: Hoshino Thiago de Azevedo Pinheiro
Published: August 2023

O que acontece quando orixás, ancestrais e espíritos extrapolam os muros dos terreiros e passam assentar-se em documentos e órgãos burocráticos? Quando (ar)riscam ponto não apenas na metrópole, mas também na arquitetura das instituições? O artigo explora a contaminação recíproca entre nomos (o mundo normativo do Estado) e axé (o mundo normativo afroatlântico), a partir do processo de tombamento da Casa Branca do Engenho Velho (Salvador/BA), primeiro templo de candomblé patrimonializado em nível federal, na década de 1980. Ao longo do conflito (fundiário e ontológico) travado pela manutenção da morada dos deuses negros, imaginações contrastantes acerca da terra (e sua reconversão em chão) e da nação (na multiplicidade de seus enredos) cohabitam não apenas nos discursos e práticas do povo de santo, mas em mitologias e ritos de funcionários públicos, despossuindo os sentidos da cidade, dos direitos, das heranças e dos patrimônios.
Pontos riscados no chão
Authors: Araújo Mayara Mychella Sena , Amorim Nayara Cristina Rosa
Published: August 2023

Pontos riscados no chão, pontos cantados, duas formas de interpretar e se referenciar as práticas umbandistas. O primeiro relacionado à identificação e o segundo à louvação das forças elementares da natureza e das entidades espirituais. Ambas formas plurais de conexão com a ancestralidade e a espiritualidade presentes na Umbanda, que correspondem aos fios condutores que guiam e precedem a elaboração deste artigo, cujo objetivo é levantar os terreiros de Umbanda em funcionamento em Salvador, na Bahia. Para alcançá-lo, além da descrição das descobertas e do processo decorrentes dessa busca, tenta-se entender o que é a Umbanda e o que são suas ramificações, com vistas a relacioná-las com a produção do espaço urbano de Salvador. Trabalho que se justifica, primeiro, por dar visibilidade a essa religião e, segundo, e principalmente, por apresentar outros e necessários questionamentos que visam preencher uma lacuna na produção acadêmica que dá conta da leitura da Umbanda em Salvador.
Novas raízes
Authors: Modest Wayne , Jaffe Rivke
Published: August 2023

Este artigo explora ontologias contemporâneas da negritude na ilha caribenha da Jamaica. Abordando a negritude como uma questão ontológica – uma questão que pertence ao ser, ou à existência, de uma categoria de pessoas –, enfatizamos a dimensão espacial de tais ontologias. Com base na arte contemporânea e música popular jamaicanas, propomos que o local da negritude, como é imaginado na Jamaica, se deslocou da África em direção ao “gueto”. Traçando mudanças nas perspectivas jamaicanas sobre raça e nação, o artigo discute “ser negro” e “ser jamaicano” como autodefinições que envolvem a negociação da consciência histórica e da conectividade transnacional. Durante grande parte do século XX, vários movimentos sociais e políticos jamaicanos tinham o continente africano como referente da negritude. No século XXI, o espaço urbano do gueto se tornou mais central nos comentários e críticas sociais jamaicanos. Ao traçar as mudanças históricas do imaginário espacial que ancora noções de pertencimento e autenticidade em termos raciais, buscamos chamar a atenção para a mutabilidade da relação entre negritude e africanidade.
Travessias em Ponta de Areia
Authors: Silva Thifanny Odara Lima da
Published: August 2023

Resenha.
Elevated Risk of Visceral Malignant Neoplasms in Extramammary Paget Disease
Authors: Maloney Nolan J. , Yao Hanqi , Aasi Sumaira Z. , John Esther M. , Linos Eleni , Kibbi Nour
Published: August 2023

This cross-sectional study evaluates the incidence and types of cancers that develop years after an extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) diagnosis.
Characterization of Comments About bioRxiv and medRxiv Preprints
Authors: Carneiro Clarissa França Dias , da Costa Gabriel Gonçalves , Neves Kleber , Abreu Mariana Boechat , Tan Pedro Batista , Rayêe Danielle , Boos Flávia Zacouteguy , Andrejew Roberta , Lubiana Tiago , Malički Mario , Amaral Olavo Bohrer
Published: August 2023

Importance

Preprints have been increasingly used in biomedical science, and a key feature of many platforms is public commenting. The content of these comments, however, has not been well studied, and it is unclear whether they resemble those found in journal peer review.

Objective

To describe the content of comments on the bioRxiv and medRxiv preprint platforms.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cross-sectional study, preprints posted on the bioRxiv and medRxiv platforms in 2020 were accessed through each platform’s application programming interface on March 29, 2021, and a random sample of preprints containing between 1 and 20 comments was evaluated independently by 3 evaluators using an instrument to assess their features and general content.

Main Outcome and Measures

The numbers and percentages of comments from authors or nonauthors were assessed, and the comments from nonauthors were assessed for content. These nonauthor comments were assessed to determine whether they included compliments, criticisms, corrections, suggestions, or questions, as well as their topics (eg, relevance, interpretation, and methods). Nonauthor comments were also analyzed to determine whether they included references, provided a summary of the findings, or questioned the preprint’s conclusions.

Results

Of 52 736 preprints, 3850 (7.3%) received at least 1 comment (mean [SD] follow-up, 7.5 [3.6] months), and the 1921 assessed comments (from 1037 preprints) had a median length of 43 words (range, 1-3172 words). The criticisms, corrections, or suggestions present in 694 of 1125 comments (61.7%) were the most prevalent content, followed by compliments (n = 428 [38.0%]) and questions (n = 393 [35.0%]). Criticisms usually regarded interpretation (n = 286), methodological design (n = 267), and data collection (n = 238), while compliments were mainly about relevance (n = 111) and implications (n = 72).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of preprint comments, topics commonly associated with journal peer review were frequent. However, only a small percentage of preprints posted on the bioRxiv and medRxiv platforms in 2020 received comments on these platforms. A clearer taxonomy of peer review roles would help to describe whether postpublication peer review fulfills them.
Differences in Cholecystectomy Outcomes and Operating Time Between Male and Female Surgeons in Sweden
Authors: Blohm My , Sandblom Gabriel , Enochsson Lars , Österberg Johanna
Published: August 2023

Importance

Female surgeons are still in the minority worldwide, and highlighting gender differences in surgery is important in understanding and reducing inequities within the surgical specialty. Studies on different surgical procedures indicate equal results, or safer outcomes, for female surgeons, but it is still unclear whether surgical outcomes of gallstone surgery differ between female and male surgeons.

Objective

To examine the association of the surgeon’s gender with surgical outcomes and operating time in elective and acute care cholecystectomies.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A population-based cohort study based on data from the Swedish Registry of Gallstone Surgery was performed from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2019. The sample included all registered patients undergoing cholecystectomy in Sweden during the study period. The follow-up time was 30 days. Data analysis was performed from September 1 to September 7, 2022, and updated March 24, 2023.

Exposure

The surgeon’s gender.

Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)

The association between the surgeon’s gender and surgical outcomes for elective and acute care cholecystectomies was calculated with generalized estimating equations. Differences in operating time were calculated with mixed linear model analysis.

Results

A total of 150 509 patients, with 97 755 (64.9%) undergoing elective cholecystectomies and 52 754 (35.1%) undergoing acute care cholecystectomies, were operated on by 2553 surgeons, including 849 (33.3%) female surgeons and 1704 (67.7%) male surgeons. Female surgeons performed fewer cholecystectomies per year and were somewhat better represented at universities and private clinics. Patients operated on by male surgeons had more surgical complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19-1.40) and total complications (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.19). Male surgeons had more bile duct injuries in elective surgery (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.22-2.34), but no significant difference was apparent in acute care operations. Female surgeons had significantly longer operation times. Male surgeons converted to open surgery more often than female surgeons in acute care surgery (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04-1.43), and their patients had longer hospital stays (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.11-1.31). No significant difference in 30-day mortality could be demonstrated.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cohort study indicate that female surgeons have more favorable outcomes and operate more slowly than male surgeons in elective and acute care cholecystectomies. These findings may contribute to an increased understanding of gender differences within this surgical specialty.
An analysis of Watson vs. BARD vs. ChatGPT: The Jeopardy! Challenge
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E.
Published: August 2023

The recently released BARD and ChatGPT have generated substantial interest from a range of researchers and institutions concerned about the impact on education, medicine, law and more. This paper uses questions from the Watson Jeopardy! Challenge to compare BARD, ChatGPT, and Watson. Using those, Jeopardy! questions, we find that for high confidence Watson questions the three systems perform with similar accuracy as Watson. We also find that both BARD and ChatGPT perform with the accuracy of a human expert and that the sets of their correct answers are rated highly similar using a Tanimoto similarity score. However, in addition, we find that both systems can change their solutions to the same input information on subsequent uses. When given the same Jeopardy! category and question multiple times, both BARD and ChatGPT can generate different and conflicting answers. As a result, the paper examines the characteristics of some of those questions that generate different answers to the same inputs. Finally, the paper discusses some of the implications of finding the different answers and the impact of the lack of reproducibility on testing such systems.
Introduction to concept inventories for medical physics education
Authors: Cetnar Ashley J. , Besemer Abby , Bry Victoria , Buckey Courtney R. , Burmeister Jay , Rodrigues Anna , Schubert Leah , Speidel Michael , Sutlief Steven , Yu Amy S.
Published: August 2023

Concept inventories are multiple choice exams designed with the intention to test core concepts on specific subjects and evaluate common misconceptions. These tests serve as a useful tool in the classroom to assess value added by the instructor's educational methods and to better understand how students learn. They can provide educators with a method to evaluate their current teaching strategies and to make modifications that enhance student learning and ultimately elevate the quality of medical physics education. The use of concept inventories in introductory college physics courses revealed important gaps in conceptual understanding of physics by undergraduate students and motivated a shift of physics teaching towards more effective methods, such as active learning techniques. The goal of this review is to introduce medical physicists to concept inventories as educational evaluation tools and discuss potential applications to medical physics education by development through multi‐institutional collaboration.
Expanding the spectrum of neonatal‐onset AIFM1‐associated disorders
Authors: Zambon Alberto A. , Ghezzi Daniele , Baldoli Cristina , Cutillo Gianni , Fontana Katia , Sofia Valentina , Patricelli Maria Grazia , Nasca Alessia , Vinci Stefano , Spiga Ivana , Lamantea Eleonora , Fanelli Giovanna F. , Sora Maria Grazia Natali , Rovelli Rosanna , Poloniato Antonella , Carrera Paola , Filippi Massimo , Barera Graziano
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Pathogenic variants in AIFM1 have been associated with a wide spectrum of disorders, spanning from CMT4X to mitochondrial encephalopathy. Here we present a novel phenotype and review the existing literature on AIFM1‐related disorders.

Methods

We performed EEG recordings, brain MRI and MR Spectroscopy, metabolic screening, echocardiogram, clinical exome sequencing (CES) and family study. Effects of the variant were established on cultured fibroblasts from skin punch biopsy.

Results

The patient presented with drug‐resistant, electro‐clinical, multifocal seizures 6 h after birth. Brain MRI revealed prominent brain swelling of both hemispheres and widespread signal alteration in large part of the cortex and of the thalami, with sparing of the basal nuclei. CES analysis revealed the likely pathogenic variant c.5T>C; p.(Phe2Ser) in the AIFM1 gene. The affected amino acid residue is located in the mitochondrial targeting sequence. Functional studies on cultured fibroblast showed a clear reduction in AIFM1 protein amount and defective activities of respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV. No evidence of protein mislocalization or accumulation of precursor protein was observed. Riboflavin, Coenzyme Q10 and thiamine supplementation was therefore given. At 6 months of age, the patient exhibited microcephaly but did not experience any further deterioration. He is still fed orally and there is no evidence of muscle weakness or atrophy.

Interpretation

This is the first AIFM1 case associated with neonatal seizures and diffuse white matter involvement with relative sparing of basal ganglia, in the absence of clinical signs suggestive of myopathy or motor neuron disease.
Intranasal neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonism improves motor deficits in symptomatic SOD1 ALS mice
Authors: Clark Rosemary M. , Clark Courtney M. , Lewis Katherine E.A. , Dyer Marcus S. , Chuckowree Jyoti A. , Hoyle Joshua A. , Blizzard Catherine A. , Dickson Tracey C.
Published: August 2023

Objective

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide widely considered to provide neuroprotection in a range of neurodegenerative diseases. In the fatal motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), recent evidence supports a link between NPY and ALS disease processes. The goal of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential and role of NPY in ALS, harnessing the brain‐targeted intranasal delivery of the peptide, previously utilised to correct motor and cognitive phenotypes in other neurological conditions.

Methods

To confirm the association with clinical disease characteristics, NPY expression was quantified in post‐mortem motor cortex tissue of ALS patients and age‐matched controls. The effect of NPY on ALS cortical pathophysiology was investigated using slice electrophysiology and multi‐electrode array recordings of SOD1G93A cortical cultures in vitro. The impact of NPY on ALS disease trajectory was investigated by treating SOD1G93A mice intranasally with NPY and selective NPY receptor agonists and antagonists from pre‐symptomatic and symptomatic phases of disease.

Results

In the human post‐mortem ALS motor cortex, we observe a significant increase in NPY expression, which is not present in the somatosensory cortex. In vitro, we demonstrate that NPY can ameliorate ALS hyperexcitability, while brain‐targeted nasal delivery of NPY and a selective NPY Y1 receptor antagonist modified survival and motor deficits specifically within the symptomatic phase of the disease in the ALS SOD1G93A mouse.

Interpretation

Taken together, these findings highlight the capacity for non‐invasive brain‐targeted interventions in ALS and support antagonism of NPY Y1Rs as a novel strategy to improve ALS motor function.
Retracted: Generalisability and stability of visual comparison ability
Authors: Growns Bethany , Gough Mia , Helm Rebecca K.
Published: August 2023

Visual comparison – or ‘pattern‐matching’ – is a generalisable ability to compare complex visual stimuli (like fingerprints or faces) and decide whether they are from the same source or different sources (e.g., fingerprint‐matching). Visual comparison evidence can play a very influential role in court. However, little is understood about the cognitive mechanisms underlying this ability – particularly individual differences in this skill. In this paper, we present two studies where we investigate the domain‐general nature of visual comparison by exploring individual differences (N = 124 in Experiment (1) in three visual comparison tasks (toolmarks, footwear, and artificial‐prints), and the stability of visual comparison by exploring test‐retest reliability (N = 160 in Experiment (2) in six visual comparison tasks (toolmarks, footwear, fingerprints, firearms, faces, and artificial‐prints). We find that visual comparison skill generalises to toolmark and footwear comparison and identify stable performance across time – providing the first empirical evidence that visual comparison is a generalisable, reliable, and stable cognitive ability
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Atroposelective Synthesis of 5‐Indo‐1‐yl Pyran‐2‐ones with an N−C axis from Enals
Authors: Zhang Linxue , Wu Qianqian , Ren Min , Zhang Hailong , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Liu Jinhua , Fu Zhenqian
Published: August 2023

A variety of 5‐indo‐1‐yl pyran‐2‐ones with an N−C axis were prepared via a carbene‐catalyzed oxidative [3+3] annulation of indole‐1‐pyruvate esters and enals. Asymmetric construction of pyran‐2‐one ring from enals ensures the realization of this strategy. The resulting compounds were converted into axially chiral N‐arylindoles with an N−C axis via a cycloaddtion aromatization.
Fluorogenic sensing of amorphous aggregates, amyloid fibers, and chaperone activity via a near‐infrared aggregation‐induced emission‐active probe
Authors: He Wei , Yang Yuanyuan , Qian Yuhui , Chen Zhuoyi , Zheng Yongxin , Zhao Wenping , Yan Chenxu , Guo Zhiqian , Quan Shu
Published: August 2023

The presence of protein aggregates in numerous human diseases underscores the significance of detecting these aggregates to comprehend disease mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic approaches for combating these disorders. Despite the development of various biosensors and fluorescent probes that selectively target amyloid fibers or amorphous aggregates, there is still a lack of tools capable of simultaneously detecting both types of aggregates. Herein, we demonstrate the quantitative discernment of amorphous aggregates by QM‐FN‐SO3, an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) probe initially designed for detecting amyloid fibers. This probe easily penetrates the membranes of the widely‐used prokaryotic model organism Escherichia coli, enabling the visualization of both amorphous aggregates and amyloid fibers through near‐infrared fluorescence. Notably, the probe exhibits sensitivity in distinguishing the varying aggregation propensities of proteins, regardless of whether they form amorphous aggregates or amyloid fibers in vivo. These properties contribute to the successful application of the QM‐FN‐SO3 probe in the subsequent investigation of the antiaggregation activities of two outer membrane protein (OMP) chaperones, both in vitro and in their physiological environment. Overall, our work introduces a near‐infrared fluorescent chemical probe that can quantitatively detect amyloid fibers and amorphous aggregates with high sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it demonstrates the applicability of the probe in chaperone biology and its potential as a high‐throughput screening tool for protein aggregation inhibitors and folding factors.
Impact of medical treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis on eustachian tube dysfunction
Authors: Adams Sarah M. , Derbarsegian Armo , Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Phillips Katie M.
Published: August 2023

Key Points

CRS patients treated with medical management have improvement in ETD symptoms as reflected by lower ETDQ‐7 scores

However, appropriate CRS medical management may be limited in ability to significantly improve, or resolve, ETD
Development and evaluation of mixing mechanism of new transformable multiple impeller (AM impeller)
Authors: Furukawa Haruki , Takahashi Riki , Matsuoka Anna , Kato Yoshihito , Asayama Shinsuke , Morikawa Norihiro , Koh Seung‐Tae
Published: August 2023

The axial flow in the vessel was the most critical flow under the laminar region, where the Reynolds number was less than 10. The most popular impeller which generates the axial flow is a helical ribbon impeller, but the production cost is high. By combining some pitched blade impellers, authors developed a new impeller, the production cost is lower than that of the helical ribbon. The mixing performance was investigated in laminar region. The new impeller had the same mixing performance as a helical ribbon. The partial helical ribbon type has a down flow that originates from two locations and intersects twice near the mixing shaft, and the four‐stage pitched paddle type has two cylindrical down flows. AM impeller is not affected by the shaft, and it is considered to exhibit high mixing performance. The phase angle of the blades caused these characteristics of down flows of the AM impeller.
Narrow‐Pore Engineering of Vinylene‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Weak Interaction‐Triggered Multiple Responses
Authors: Zhu Lin , Zhang Qian , Meng Fancheng , Li Mengqi , Liang Qifeng , Zhang Fan
Published: August 2023

Vinylene‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as promising crystalline materials, but their narrow pore engineering is severely impeded by the weak reversibility of the carbon‐carbon double bond formation reaction, which has led to less exploration of their ultramicroporous structures and properties. Herein, we developed a single aromatic ring‐based tetratopic monomer, tetramethylpyrazine, which undergoes a smooth Knoevenegal condensation at its four arylmethly carbon atoms with linear aromatic dialdehyde monomers upon the self‐catalyzed activation of pyridine nitrogen‐containing monomers in the presence of an organic anhydride. This has resulted in the formation of two vinylene‐linked COFs, which both crystallized in orthorhombic lattices, and layered in AA stacking fashions along the vertical directions. They exhibit high surface areas and well‐tailored ultramicropore sizes up to 0.5 nm. The unique cross‐linking mode at two pairs of para‐positions of each pyrazine unit through carbon‐carbon double bonds afford them with π‐extended conjugation over the in‐plane backbones and substantial semiconducting characters. The resultant COFs can be well‐dispersed in water to form stable sub‐microparticles with negative charges (zeta potentials: ca. −30 mV), and exhibiting tunable aggregation behaviors through protonation/deprotonation. As a consequence, they exhibit pore‐size‐dependent colorimetric responses to various anions with different pKa values in high selectivity.
Biosynthesis of Cosmosporasides Reveals the Assembly Line for Fungal Hybrid Terpenoid Saccharides
Authors: Yuan Guan‐Yin , Zhang Jin‐Mei , Xu Qing‐Dong , Zhang Hua‐Ran , Hu Changhua , Zou Yi
Published: August 2023

Fungal hybrid terpenoid saccharides constitute a new and growing family of natural products with significant biomedical and agricultural activities. One representative family is the cosmosporasides, which feature oxidized terpenoid units and saccharide moieties; however, the assembly line of these building blocks has been elusive. Herein, a cos cluster from Fusarium orthoceras was discovered for the synthesis of cosmosporaside C (1) by genome mining. A UbiA family intramembrane prenyltransferase (UbiA‐type PT), a multifunctional cytochrome P450, an α,β‐hydrolase, an acetyltransferase, a dimethylallyl transferase (DMAT‐type PT) and a glycosyltransferase function cooperatively in the assembly of the scaffold of 1 using primary central metabolites. The absolute configuration at C4, C6 and C7 of 1 was also established. Our work clarifies the unexpected functions of UbiA‐type and DMAT‐type PTs and provides an example for understanding the synthetic logic of hybrid terpenoid saccharides in fungi.
Strong and Ultra‐tough Ionic Hydrogel Based on Hyperbranched Macro‐Cross‐linker: Influence of Topological Structure on Properties
Authors: Jiang Yu , Zhan Dezhi , Zhang Meng , Zhu Ying , Zhong Huiqing , Wu Yangfei , Tan Qinwen , Dong Xinhua , Zhang Daohong , Hadjichristidis Nikos
Published: August 2023

The application of hydrogels often suffers from their inherent limitation of poor mechanical properties. Here, a carboxyl‐functionalized and acryloyl‐terminated hyperbranched polycaprolactone (PCL) was synthesized and used as a macro‐cross‐linker to fabricate a super strong and ultra‐tough ionic hydrogel. The terminal acryloyl groups of hyperbranched PCL are chemically incorporated into the network to form covalent cross‐links, which contribute to robust networks. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic domains formed by the spontaneous aggregation of PCL chains and coordination bonds between Fe3+ and COO− groups serve as dynamic non‐covalent cross‐links, which enhance the energy dissipation ability. Especially, the influence of the hyperbranched topological structure of PCL on hydrogel properties has been well investigated, exhibiting superior strengthening and toughening effects compared to the linear one. Moreover, the hyperbranched PCL cross‐linker also endowed the ionic hydrogel with higher sensitivity than the linear one when used as a strain sensor. As a result, this well‐designed ionic hydrogel possesses high mechanical strength, superior toughness, and well ionic conductivity, exhibiting potential applications in the field of flexible strain sensors.
Unravelling the Molecular Structure and Confining Environment of an Organometallic Catalyst Heterogenized within Amorphous Porous Polymers**
Authors: Jabbour Ribal , Ashling Christopher W. , Robinson Thomas C. , Khan Arafat Hossain , Wisser Dorothea , Berruyer Pierrick , Ghosh Ashta C. , Ranscht Alisa , Keen David A. , Brunner Eike , Canivet Jérôme , Bennett Thomas D. , Mellot‐Draznieks Caroline , Lesage Anne , Wisser Florian M.
Published: August 2023

The catalytic activity of multifunctional, microporous materials is directly linked to the spatial arrangement of their structural building blocks. Despite great achievements in the design and incorporation of isolated catalytically active metal complexes within such materials, a detailed understanding of their atomic‐level structure and the local environment of the active species remains a fundamental challenge, especially when these latter are hosted in non‐crystalline organic polymers. Here, we show that by combining computational chemistry with pair distribution function analysis, 129Xe NMR, and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization enhanced NMR spectroscopy, a very accurate description of the molecular structure and confining surroundings of a catalytically active Rh‐based organometallic complex incorporated inside the cavity of amorphous bipyridine‐based porous polymers is obtained. Small, but significant, differences in the structural properties of the polymers are highlighted depending on their backbone motifs.
Modified corn stalk carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylic acid and SBA‐15 based composite hydrogel used for agricultural water retention
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhang Xin , Qiao Shanpeng , Wang Bo , Zeng Xu , Ren Bo , Yang Xiaodong
Published: August 2023

SBA‐15 is successfully incorporated into a composite superabsorbent hydrogel polymer (SAHP) by in situ graft polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) on a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) backbone using SBA‐15 as a filler. The structure and properties of the SAHPs are studied in detail by means of a variety of characterization methods, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. And the effects of the originating mate‐rials (such as SBA‐15, initiator, cross‐linker, ratio of CMC to AA, and neutralization of AA) and pH on the water absorption properties are discussed. The obtained results show that the introduction of SBA‐15 have significant effect on the intrinsic structure of the superabsorbent. Importantly, the composite SAHP exhibit higher thermal stability and significant swelling as well as water retention capacity. The prepared SAHP show good sensitivity to various surfactant solutions, which not only have water retention applications in agriculture but also show potential applications in the field of biomaterials.
Stoichiometric Control of Guest Recognition of Self‐Assembled Palladium(II)‐Based Supramolecular Architectures
Authors: Algar Jess L. , Phillips James E. , Evans Jack D. , Preston Dan
Published: August 2023

We report flexible [Pd(L)2]2+ complexes where there is self‐recognition, driven by π‐π interactions between electron‐rich aromatic arms and the cationic regions they are tethered to. This self‐recognition hampers the association of these molecules with aromatic molecular targets in solution. In one case, this complex can be reversibly converted to an ‘open’ [Pd2(L)2]4+ macrocycle through introduction of more metal ion. This is accomplished by the ligand having two bidentate binding sites: a 2‐pyridyl‐1,2,3‐triazole site, and a bis‐1,2,3‐triazole site. Due to favourable hydrogen bonding, the 2‐pyridyl‐1,2,3‐triazole units reliably coordinate in the [Pd(L)2]2+ complex to control speciation: a second equivalent of Pd(II) is required to enforce coordination to bis‐triazole sites and form the macrocycle. The macrocycle interacts with a molecular substrate with higher affinity. In this fashion we are able to use stoichiometry to reversibly switch between two different species and regulate guest binding.
Verlauf und Produkte der Reduktion des Silberpolysilicats Ag2SiO3 mil Wasserstoffgas
Authors: Wodtcke Friedrich , Liebau Friedrich
Published: August 2023

Die Kinetik der Reduktion des Ag2SiO3 wurde bei 0°C, 20°C, 40°C, 60°C und 80°C in konstantem Wasserstoffstrom untersucht und mit derjenigen der Reduktion des Ag2Si2O5 verglichen. Die Reaktionsordnung bezogen auf den Anteil an nicht reduziertem Silber ist 0 bei 0°C, 1 bei 20°C und steigt bei höheren Reduktionstemperaturen kontinuierlich bis 2,5 bei 80°C an. Es wird gefolgert, daß die Reduktion bei 0°C von der Oberfläche her erfolgt, während sie von 20°C ab gleichzeitig im gesamten Kristall abläuft, wobei die im kontinuierlichen Anstieg der Reaktionsordnung zum Ausdruck kommende Verzögerung der Reaktion auf die mit steigender Temperatur zunehmende Kondensation der bei der Reduktion gebildeten Polykieselsäure (H2SiO3)x zurückgeführt wird. Die Silberkristallite scheiden sich in bezug auf die kristallographischen Achsen der ursprünglichen Ag2SiO3‐Kristalle orientiert ab. Die hohe katalytische Aktivität derartiger Trägerkatalysatoren ist wahrscheinlich auf die bevorzugte Ausbildung der (111)‐Flächen des Silbers zurückzuführen.
O17‐NMR Study of Aqueous Electrolyte and Non‐electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Fister F. , Hertz H. G.
Published: August 2023

It is shown that the relaxation rate of the O17‐resonance in aqueous solution increase with increasing concentration for structure forming salts and decreases for structure breaking salts. This is precisely the behaviour which is to be expected from our knowledge of other properties of these systems. For solutes with inert alkyl groups the effect of the hydration of the second kind demands an increase of the relaxation rate of O17 which has been found to be true in this paper.

Experimental results for the chemical shift of the O17 resonance for various solutions are reported and are discussed in their general connection with the chemical shifts of ionic nuclear resonances and with other pertinent observations.
Parawasserstoffumwandlung an Metallen, Oxiden und Sulfiden
Authors: Schönnagel Hans‐Jürgen
Published: August 2023

Die Geschwindigkeit der Parawasserstoffumwandlung an den Metallen Fe, Cu, Ag und an den Oxiden Fe3O4, MnO, Cr2O3 und ZnO als Katalysator wurde als Funktion des H2O/H2‐Verhältnisses in der Gasphase gemessen, ferner an Cu2S als Funktion des H2S/H2‐Verhältnisses. An Eisen findet eine Abnahme und an Kupfer eine Zunahme der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit mit steigendem H2O/H2‐Verhältnis statt, während an Silber die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit unabhängig vom H2O/H2‐Verhältnis ist. An allen untersuchten Oxiden mit Ausnahme des ZnO steigt die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit mit steigendem H2O/H2‐Verhältnis an. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit an Cu2S steigt proportional (pH2S/pH2)1/2 und damit auch proportional der Konzentration an Defektelektronen in Cu2S. Eindeutig bestimmte Geschwindigkeiten der Parawasserstoff‐umwandlung an Oxiden sind im allgemeinen nur bei Vorgabe definierter H2O/H2‐Verhältnisse zu erwarten. Entsprechendes gilt für Sulfide und analoge Verbindungen.
Steady State Film Growth on Passive Iron in Neutral Solutions
Authors: Moshtev R. V.
Published: August 2023

The steady state growth kinetics of the oxide film on passive iron in neutral solutions was studied by galvanostatic and potentiostatic techniques. There is a good correlation of results obtained at constant c. d. and at constant potential. The experimental expressions relating to potential, layer thickness and oxidation rate make it clear that the steady state kinetic follows the classical Frenkel equation. The constants appearing in this equation were determined and compared with existing data. The temperature dependences of the passive film conductivity and of the field coefficient are also in accord with the mechanism of field assisted ionic transport over a potential barrier, as expressed by the classical rate equation.
Über den Einfluß von Schwermetallspuren auf die Kinetik des Redoxsystems Peroxidisulfat/Thiosulfat
Authors: Patat F. , Prölss H.
Published: August 2023

Sorgfältige Reinigung der verwendeten Ausgangssubstanzen, speziell des Lösungsmittels Wasser, führte zu einem Zeitgesetz zweiter Ordnung mit einer klaren ersten Ordnung, bezogen auf die Thiosulfatkonzentration. Der Ersatz des bidestillierten Wassers durch einfach destilliertes ergab Thiosulfatordnungen zwischen 0 und 1, die mit einer Überlagerung der unkatalysierten durch die Cu‐katalysierte Reaktion gedeutet werden. Die Anwendung geringster Mengen starker Komplexbildner bzw. von Fällungsreagenzien für Schwermetall‐ionen hatte eine charakteristische Verminderung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bis zu einem reproduzierbaren, unteren Grenzwert zur Folge. Die unter diesen Bedingungen vorliegende unkatalysierte Reaktion, deren Aktivierungsenergie sich zu 17 kcal/mol ergab, wird durch ein einfaches Radikalschema interpretiert.

Die Anwesenheit von Spuren der Schwermetalle Kupfer und Eisen verändert die Kinetik der Redoxreaktion völlig: Die für die Cu‐ und Fe‐katalysierten Reaktionen ermittelten Zeitgesetze weisen eine charakteristische nullte Ordnung bezüglich Thiosulfat auf. Die Aktivierungsenergie sinkt auf 13 bzw. 14 kcal/mol. Für die katalysierte Redoxreaktion wird ebenfalls ein Radikalschema vorgeschlagen, das den kinetischen Befunden gerecht wird. Das Auftreten von Kettenmechanismen konnte ausgeschlossen werden.
Kernresonanzuntersuchungen der Wasserstoffbrückenbindung. Die chemische Verschiebung von Aminprotonen
Authors: Suhr Harold
Published: August 2023

Die chemische Verschiebung der NH‐Bande bei einer Reihe von primären und sekundären Aminen wurde bei unendlicher Verdünnung in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff und Dimethylsulfoxid bestimmt. Die Differenz der beiden Werte ist ein gutes Maß für die Wasserstoffbrückenakzeptorfähigkeit der Amine und ist eine lineare Funktion der Azidität.
Über die Elektronenspektren linearer Diaza‐ und Tetraaza‐Acene
Authors: Kummer Franz , Zimmermann Herbert
Published: August 2023

Die Elektronenspektren der linearen Diaza‐ und Tetraaza‐Acene Pyrazin I, Chinoxalin II, Phenazin III, Benzo[b]phenazin IV, Dibenzo[b,i]phenazin V, Naphtho[2,3‐b]phenazin VI, Benzo [g]chinoxalino[2,3‐b]‐chinoxalin VII, Chinoxalino [2,3‐b]chinoxalin VIII und Benzo[g]chinoxalin IX wurden untersucht und mit denjenigen der homologen Acene und ihrer Monoazaderivate verglichen. Die Elektronenbanden von I‐IX konnten durch Spektrenvergleich zugeordnet werden. Die Spektren zeigen die charakteristischen Aromatenbanden 1La, 1Lb, 1Bb, (1Ba, 1Cb), die mit steigender Zahl anellierter Ringe ebenso wie bei den Acenen nach langen Wellen vorrücken. Beim Übergang von den Acenen zu den analogen Diaza‐ und Tetraaza‐Acenen wird das Intensitätsverhältnis 1Lb zu 1Lb stark zugunsten von 1Lb verschoben

Bei den Spektren der Diaza‐ bzw. Tetraaza‐Acene IV, VI, VII und IX beobachtet man neben den üblichen Aromatenbanden einen kurzwelligen, sehr intensiven, von den Nachbarbanden deutlich abgesetzten Übergang 1X, der in den Spektren der analogen Acene nicht aufgefunden werden konnte und dessen Klassifizierung im Rahmen des Perimetermodells offenbar unmöglich ist. Der Übergang wurde nur bei den untersuchten Heterocyclen der Symmetrie C2v gefunden, fehlt jedoch bei den Verbindungen der Symmetrie D2h.