Successful implementation of an ePRO remote monitoring system in patients receiving chemotherapy in a community oncology practice.
Authors: Kolodziej Michael A. , Kwiatkowsky Lavi , Hunnicutt Jeff , Beck Joseph Thaddeus , Schaefer Eric S. , Thurow Tracy , Friedman Shay , Blumenfeld Philip , Ahlzadeh Gabrielle , Cherny Nathan 
Published: June 2021

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Background: Remote symptom monitoring of patients receiving cancer treatment has been shown to improve patient outcomes in the research setting. However, there is little evidence that this technology can be implemented and scaled in the real world with the same benefits. Methods: Highlands Oncology Group (HOG) is a 19 physician medical oncology group in Northwest Arkansas. Beginning in June 2020, HOG offered patients receiving parenteral cancer therapy enrollment onto Expain: an EMR-integrated, electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) system which enables remote symptom monitoring during systemic cancer therapy. Patients reported distress and symptoms using the NCCN Distress Thermometer and Problem List instrument. The practice prospectively defined patient reporting intervals based on disease and treatment protocol, as well as thresholds for each symptom that would trigger a nursing notification. Following clinical review, nurses initiated interventions including a telephone call, urgent office visit, or referral to an emergency room when necessary. Results: From June 2020 – January 2021, HOG treated 1261 patients with IV chemotherapy. 769 patients were offered enrollment and 569 (73.9%) were successfully enrolled onto the ePRO system. At the time of enrollment 419 (73.6%) of enrolled patients were in an Oncology Care Model (OCM) episode. Common reasons for declined enrollment were: low symptom burden, non-English speaker, and approaching the end of treatment. Of enrolled patients, the most common tumor types were: gastrointestinal (21.8%), breast (17.5%), and thoracic (16.1%). Patients reported using Expain’s mobile app (89.1%) or Interactive Voice Response interface (IVR, 10.1%) with the following frequency: once a month (12%), twice a month (30%), 3 reports a month (35%), and 4 reports or more (23%); Of patients successfully enrolled 52.72% were still reporting after 3 months. The most common reasons specified for opting-out were: death, hospice admission, and completion of the treatment course. 50% of reports exceeded the practice-defined threshold for a nursing notification. The nurses initiated a follow-up call in response to 78.8% of notifications, and of these calls, 21.2% resulted in an urgent office evaluation. The most common problems triggering an office evaluation were: high NCCN Distress Thermometer score (17.1%), fatigue (16.1%), pain (11.5%), nausea (9.4%), and dyspnea (4.5%). Conclusions: ePRO-based remote monitoring of patients receiving parenteral cancer therapy in routine clinical care is feasible. Patient enrollment and retention are high across all tumor types. Symptoms reported by patients were concordant with previous publications, and a small percent (7% of reports) required an acute office visit. It is expected that office intervention will reduce the use of ER and inpatient services.