bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resource Sharing Among Libraries in Southern Africa: Some reflections resulting from the Conference on Library and Information Services, for Future Development of Southern Africa, Pretoria, 1992
Authors: Kabamba Juliano M.
Published: April 2022

The first ever regional conference on library and information services’, to take place in south Africa, was held in Pretoria at the Human Resources Research Council Conference Centre (7,-8 May, 1992). The Conference, organised by Info Africa Nova, was attended by over 200 people from a cross-section of occupations. About 50 papers were presented by participants who were mainly drawn from the Anglophone SADCC zone, namely; Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa, including ‘Homelands’.

In attendance were information professionals, librarians, archivists, information officers and the like. Members of the teaching staff in library schools were well represented. Also present were researchers from other disciplines, peripheral to librarianship. Other participants included practitioners such as administrators from government departments and other individuals serving in various capacities in non-governmental organizations.
The acquisition of African published materials by a library in a developing country
Authors: Raseroka H.K.
Published: April 2022

The greatest challenge facing Africana acquisitions Librarians in Africa is the lack of ready access to information on published Africana material in general, and those materials published in Africa in particular. Where Africana material is published abroad (in developed countries) it is traceable through regular publishers’ catalogues, bibliographies and review sources. African published materials, however, do not have as many well established sources since small publishers form a large number of producers who not only have limitations such as paucity of qualified staff in the essential activities of publishing, marketing and distribution, but also have a poor financial base, compounded by local currencies whose buying power is being eroded steadily.

In assessing the acquisition of Africana at the University of Botswana, issues which will be considered briefly are policy on collection development of Africana, budgetary allocations, and a detailed analysis of sources for selection of Africana materials published in Africa.
“Sharing Information: African Perspectives”: bridging the knowledge divide
Authors: Durrant Sarah
Published: April 2022

There is increased recognition of the vital role that scientific information and knowledge has to play in education, poverty reduction and sustainable development. The reverse case is also true – that unless access to information and knowledge is made available to all, the gap between poor and wealthy countries will continue to widen. The Secretary General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan has recently written of how the “unbalanced distribution of scientific activity generates serious problems not only for the scientific community in the developing countries, but for development itself. It accelerates the disparity between advanced and developing countries, creating social and economic difficulties at both national and international levels.”

Advances in technology, particularly in the areas of electronic publishing and dissemination, have led to new ways of communicating information and knowledge and thus present a huge range of opportunities for developed and developing countries alike. They also bring many significant challenges, which are nowhere perhaps more keenly experienced than in developing countries. In this paper I will outline some of the key challenges and also some of the important opportunities presented by the revolution in scholarly electronic publishing. I will illustrate this with examples of projects exploiting new technology to enhance access to information in developing and transitional countries and bridge the knowledge divide.
Unnatural Selection? The Political Materials Collections in the Institute of Commonwealth Studies
Authors: Millum Danny
Published: April 2022

The Commonwealth political ephemera collection was begun in 1960-1961 with material continuing to be collected up to the present day. The Commonwealth Political Party, Trades Union and Pressure Group Materials collection consists of over 13,000 items from more than sixty countries, including most Commonwealth member nations, and from some of the Overseas Territories of the UK. There is also a substantial amount of material from some countries before they became independent (such as Rhodesia and Nyasaland). For periods where countries left the Commonwealth material continued to be collected, most significantly for the purposes of this paper in the case of South Africa. In addition there is a small amount of material from countries (for example Angola) that are neither Commonwealth members nor were British colonies, but were colonies of other European imperialist countries.
Assessment of the Use of Information Management Systems in the Banking Industry: A Case Study of the Nigerian Commercial Banking System
Authors: Abubakar Tijjani
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the information management in Nigerian Commercial banks; the survey method was adopted for the study. The population constituted the 365 and 248 branches of First Bank and Union Bank respectively. Both purposive and random sampling procedures were used to select the two oldest banks and 129 branches as samples for the study and the 279 samples of the respondents surveyed. The findings revealed that information sources generated are technical reports, statistical data and articles from magazines and newspapers. The technology most used to manage information is electronic mail and computers. Information technology is most important in the storage of data and dissemination of information. The findings indicate that information is used in managerial functions such as planning, controlling, organising, directing and staffing.
Nigerian archives: An introduction
Authors: Keay R.W.J.
Published: April 2022

The Nigerian Field Society was founded in 1930. The original rules stated that The object of the Society is to encourage interest in the fauna and flora of Nigeria, its history, legends and customs, its native arts and crafts, its science, sport and hobbies. Its interests soon extended to other parts of West Africa. The first issue of its journal - The Nigerian Field - appeared in 1931 and it has continued to be published regularly. The Society is active in Nigeria and also has a Branch in the United Kingdom.

In 1990 the main event of the UK branch was a symposium on Nigerian Archives, held at Rhodes House, Oxford, on 30 June 1990.
Archives and Manuscripts in the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) Library relating to Nigeria
Authors: Seton R.E.
Published: April 2022

At first glance archives and manuscript collections in SOAS Library do not provide an obvious resource for information relating to the natural environment of Nigeria. The scholars, missionaries, civil servants and business men who have deposited their papers in SOAS Library were primarily concerned with the peoples of Africa and Asia and their antiquities, customs, folklore, languages, literature, trading practices etc rather than with the natural world. But when one comes to examine these collections more closely it is surprising how much one can find that does throw light on the climate, the vegetation, on agriculture and natural resources, sometimes on the general flora and fauna, always on any exceptional sightings of the wilder animals or birds and on the local terrain.
Sources relating to Nigeria in the Public Record Office
Authors: Banton M.
Published: April 2022

The Public Record Office, as the national archive for England and the United Kingdom, holds primarily, but not exclusively, the records of central government. Many government departments had, and continue to have, an interest in Nigeria which is reflected in their records. For the period with which the Nigerian Field Society is primarily concerned - from the late nineteenth century until independence - the richest source is to be found among the records of the Colonial Office which assumed responsibility for Lagos when it became a colony in 1862, for the Niger Coast Protectorate in 1899, and for Southern Nigeria and Northern Nigeria the following year. A variety of Colonial Office records relate to those territories as well as to the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria from 1914.
The Chamare Museum, Mua Mision, Malawi
Authors: Stuart Mogg David T.
Published: April 2022

The gradual opening of the Chamare Museum at Mua Mission over a period of many weeks during the mid-summer of 1997 most naturally reflected its prolonged periods of conception and gestation, exceeding thirty years and more in total. For such represents the period of time that the guiding light and moving spirit behind this truly epic work of ethnological scholarship, Claude Boucher, has been acquiring his deep knowledge, love and understanding of the complex, ritual-imbued lives of the surrounding Chewa, Ngoni and Yao peoples of central Malawi. As the culmination of this extended process of intelligent observation and detailed record, the Chamare Museum offers much that is surely unique in interpretation, organisation and presentation anywhere in Africa. Certainly Malawi has never seen the like, and no visit to Malawi can now be considered satisfactory or complete without the inclusion of the Mua Mission.
The Storage Place of Tradition: The Reading Experiences of Black Adults in African Languages
Authors: Mashishi Thapelo
Published: April 2022

As many others have pointed out, the profile of African language publishing in South Africa is highly distorted with almost all book production in this area being focused on the educational market (Maake, 1993; Machet, 1996). In addition, the stigmatisation of African languages through apartheid language policy has meant a low demand for leisure and general reading in African language material. English by contrast has come to be the language of status and the language in which many wish to read.

However, at the same time, the elevation of African languages to official status makes it necessary to develop a body of literature that will help in the growth of these languages. Given the de facto situation on the ground, the task is an overwhelming one, yet it is also crucial - both to overcome the linguistic inequities of the past and to expand the general publishing market in South Africa, currently dominated by the needs of a small white, middle-class, English urban sector.
Africana Collections in South Africa
Authors: Hart Lesley
Published: April 2022

In this paper, I have chosen to interpret the term “Africana” quite widely and I shall discuss both primary and secondary sources. I shall refer, in particular, to my home institution, the University of Cape Town Libraries, because that is the one of which I, naturally, have most knowledge. I have tried, however, to gather as much information as I can from colleagues in other institutions in South Africa, so as to give my talk as wide a base as possible.

I should like to tell you about some of the challenges that currently face African Studies collections, about recent legislation that affects the access to information in South Africa, as well as some of the ways in which South African history is being recorded and is being made available electronically.
Libraries in Northern Nigeria Issues and Prospects
Authors: Hamza Dalhatu
Published: April 2022

Nigeria, independent since 1960, is today a country with a population of over 120 million, of whom only about 30% are literate. Serving that population are 25 universities, 35 polytechnics and 60 colleges of education. The North, twothirds of the landmass of the country, holds slightly over 60% of the total population of the country.

The Ministry of Education, through the Nigeria Universities Commission, stipulated in the late 1990s that 10% of capital cost should go as library funding to Nigerian universities. There has been a significant increase in the funding of colleges of education with the establishment of the National Commission for Colleges of Education, while the National Board for Technical Education regulates the activities of Polytechnics. All these new developments have come into being since the late 1970s.
Nigerian Names as Access Points
Authors: Ndakotsu Tsuzom M.
Published: April 2022

Nigerian societies treat many aspects of their cultures with reverence. Names and naming are just two of these. It is for this reason that Nigerian names deserve more than just a passing interest by cataloguers. Although long contact with the West has resulted in the adoption of family names, the issue of surnames, as a whole, is more complex. It is not in all Nigerian societies that surnames fit into the standard definition. For accurate identification and choice of names as access points, the cataloguer needs to have a deeper knowledge of the peculiarities that exist in various cultures. Cataloguing rules have made provision for a similar peculiarity in Asiatic names. It would be over simplistic to assume that Nigeria, or Africa for that matter, fits snugly into the Western mode.

The electronic library revolution is not the hurricane some feared it would be. It might have changed the face of the landscape, but some edifices with very strong foundations have survived and are still standing. One of such survivors is cataloguing - at least many aspects of it. Information Technology has changed traditional library chores; we cannot as yet burn our codebooks. I have yet to come across a library software that has completely done away with access points. I would rather think that digitization has actually created more of them. Even if some have been de-emphasised, the good old name entry appears still to stand on solid ground.
ABC's experience: selling books on the Web
Authors: Sherwin Ros
Published: April 2022

The development of the Internet is exciting and significant for most companies. I think it is particularly important for small organisations with limited means. African Books Collective falls into this category as a non-profit-making organisation responsible for letting the world know about 1700 books published by its participating publishers in Africa. As well as finding homes for the books, we aim to increase awareness of publishing in Africa and of mainstream African authors. For anyone unfamiliar with ABC, it is an African-owned company which has spent the past ten years marketing and distributing English language books for its member African publishers - currently a total of 45 from 11 countries. The extent of the promotion work we do is limited by resources, so it was great news for us when the Internet started to become a real tool for sharing information and then a means for selling.
“Why are missionary periodicals [not] so boring?” The Missionary Periodicals Database Project
Authors: Barringer Terry
Published: April 2022

Missionary periodicals are like librarians. They have an image problem. People think they are boring. Like librarians, they spent a lot of time agonising over their image. Their editorials were full of complaints that even regular church and chapel goers are ill-informed and indifferent to foreign missions and regard missionary magazines as uninteresting. They were constantly exhorting their readers to go out and sign up more subscribers. If the missionary magazines had a problem in their own time, it was a long time before scholars took them seriously as source material. Scholars tended to think of them, if they thought of them at all, covered in a pietistic haze, of interest only to committed missionary antiquarians. All this is changing. I do not have to convince readers of ARD that librarians are not boring; I hope to convince you that missionary periodicals are not boring either.
The Future of UK-Africa Collaboration in Humanities and Social Science Research
Authors: Furniss Graham
Published: April 2022

A retiring Presidential address provides the opportunity, for some personal reflections on the issues and concerns that have preoccupied the Association in the immediate two-year period. Presidential addresses that I have had the opportunity to hear over the last decade have ranged from the chronicling of decline in African Studies in UK universities to analysing of the trends in research across the range of disciplines represented in the Association. The more limited remit for this discussion today is one which I presented to the Council on taking office as an issue that I would wish to pursue during my Presidency of the Association, namely the broader question of collaboration between the UK academic community and scholars in African universities in the pursuit of research, whatever the topic or discipline addressed; and the more detailed practical issues of how such collaboration does and does not work, the constraints and hindrances that get in the way, as well as the best mechanisms for making such collaboration succeed.
The Standard: a repository of African sports history
Authors: Sikes Michelle
Published: April 2022

On 15 November 1902, Asian entrepreneur Alibhai MuUa Jeevanjee launched the African Standard in Mombasa with the support of editor and reporter W.H. Tiller (Kahaso, 1995). As a contractor for railway supplies, Jeevanjee had become wealthy through the construction of the Kenya-Uganda Railway (Patel, 1997). According to one account, “Ever an enterprising man.. Jeevanjee conceived of the idea of starting a newspaper in Mombasa. In due course, the African Standard was born” (Kahaso, 1995).

The newspaper continued to publish weekly reports despite changing its headquarters, ownership and title within its first ten years as a press. Jeevanjee, who had little experience as a journalist, soon sold his paper to two British businessmen. New owners Meyer and Anderson then in 1905 renamed the paper the East African Standard (Odonde, 1995). Five years later, after the seat of government moved from Mombasa to Nairobi, the newspaper's headquarters followed.
Margery Who? A biography waiting to happen
Authors: Kirk-Greene Anthony
Published: April 2022

It is now almost 30 years since Dame Margery Perham, the internationally acknowledged academic expert on British colonial administration and a widely respected figure at Oxford University (Research Lecturer in Colonial Administration, 1935 and Reader 1939-48, Fellow in Imperial Government at Nuffield College, as well as being its first female Fellow, Director of the Institute of Colonial Studies and founding Director of the Oxford Colonial Records Project), died in 1982. Her work as research consultant to Lord Hailey and his team on the African Survey project (1938), her record of co-operation with the Colonial Office as a leading member of several of its committees including that set up to plan the post-war training of Colonial Service cadets (the Devonshire Courses) and her close links with a number of the new university colleges in the overseas territories, notably Makerere led to the award of the CBE in 1948.
Flora of Africa: guide to reference material
Authors: Mcllwaine John
Published: April 2022

In my Africa: a guide to reference material (London, Hans Zell, 1993), works relating to the biological sciences were deliberately excluded. In order to fill a part of this gap, I am producing a series of lists of major reference sources relating to African flora and fauna. “Birds of Africa: a guide to reference material” was published in ARD, 75, 1997, 12-38 with a supplement in ARD, 80, 1999, 35-37 while “Mammals of Africa: guide to reference material” was published in ARD, 77, 1998, 20-38.

The continent of Africa is normally considered to fall within three of the various floristic realms or kingdoms into which botanists have found it convenient to divide the world.
Cataloguing Africana: the case for the integration of onomastics into training programs
Authors: Batoma Atoma
Published: April 2022

Cataloguing principles and the rules that evolve from them have not been devised in a cognitive vacuum. The evolution took place in a Western cultural context and inevitably presents the problem of biases. When these cataloguing rules are applied to materials originating from non-Western cultures such biases surface and often constitute serious difficulties. This is the case with Africana materials that have caused and are still causing numerous problems to many a cataloguer. For example, many authors (Iwuji 1989, Aderibidge and Udo 1990) have pointed out the inadequacy of Library of Congress (LC) and Dewey Decimal (DD) classification schemes with regard to Africana materials claiming that they are restrictive, inhospitable, unfair, and biased.
Oh, did I contribute?: Experiences from the African Guest Librarian Programme in Uppsala, Sweden
Authors: Moberg Åsa Lund
Published: April 2022

The Nordic Africa Institute is a centre for research, documentation and information on modern Africa in the Nordic region. The institute's activities are based on three pillars: research/policy work, publishing activities and a library/documentation centre. Besides producing its own research, the Institute also stimulates research on Africa in the Nordic countries and promotes cooperation between African and Nordic scholars. Networking is included in promotional activities, primarily expressed by researchers’ networks, institutional partnerships and scholarships programs for African researchers and writers. The programmes strengthen the scholarly exchange between African and Nordic research communities.

The library is one of the core activities of the Institute. It is charged with monitoring and making available literature and other electronic and physical information carriers of relevance for research, study and information about modern Africa. At the beginning of 2000, discussions were initiated about setting up a guest librarian programme.
Online Social Networks as Correlate of Job Performance and Career Success among Librarians in Nigerian University Libraries
Authors: Onuoha Uloma Doris , Opeke Rosaline Oluremi
Published: April 2022

Librarians as information professionals are involved in the acquisition and processing of information, maintenance of information sources, services and systems and provision of information to end-users demands that they stay up-to-date on trends in the field, as well as participate in discussions of philosophies of service especially in an age heavily influenced by technological changes. Although some researchers such as Brzozwski (2009) and Gruber (2008) have associated work benefits with use of online social networks (OSNs), Hane (2008) and Gaudin (2009) express concern over their use by professionals especially as it affects their job performance.

Job performance is a crucial issue for librarians in university libraries, as they are expected to assist libraries achieve their major objective which is the provision of information for members of the university community (Okere and Onuoha, 2010).
SCOLMA across the Years: A Personal View
Authors: McIlwaine John
Published: April 2022

I was pleased to be asked to give the after-dinner talk at your Golden Jubilee Conference, since it means that I will have gone full circle in my SCOLMA involvement. As a keen and young(ish) new member of the SCOLMA Committee I was invited to spend 18 months as joint organiser of what I think remains the largest event that SCOLMA has yet hosted, the 1977 Bibliography Conference marking fifteen years of SCOLMA's existence and a decade since the International Conference on African Bibliography held in Nairobi, 1967. As I became a SCOLMA office-holder there were keynote addresses and Chairman's concluding remarks. Soon after my retirement, for your 40th anniversary conference (in this same venue), Pat Larby and I were invited to perform a brief warm-up act to set the scene before the serious contributions began.
Obscured if Not Hidden: Records Relating to Africa in the National Archives of the Uk (TNA)
Authors: Banton Mandy
Published: April 2022

In August 1841 twelve little boys boarded the British steam shipAlbert.They were sons of the village chief at Aboh on the River Niger. The ship's surgeon, James McWilliam, noted that they were about the same age, and had been circumcised. He added: “many of them had the hair cut close or shaved leaving tufts and lines describing diamonds and other angular figures …” The drawing in figure 1 is by John Duncan, the ship's master at arms. McWilliam describes the chief and his wives - their physical appearances, clothing and ornamentation, commenting in particular on their coral jewellery. He writes about a ceremony marking the signing of a treaty.
Social Media and Social Transformation in Uganda's Families
Authors: Kaddu Sarah , Mukasa Geoffrey
Published: April 2022

Social media applications have become increasingly popular components of our everyday lives in today's globalising society. Social media provide a context where people across the world can communicate, exchange messages, share knowledge, and interact with each other regardless of the distance that separates them (Sawyer, 2011). Technological developments the world over have made the internet an innovative way for individuals and families to communicate. Family members use social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Myspace to create and sustain relationships (Boyd and Ellison,. 2007). These social media sites let those who use them create personal profiles, while connecting with other users of the sites; users can upload photographs, post what they are doing at any given time, and send personal or public messages to whomever they choose. In this “information age,” social media sites seem to be growing rapidly in popularity, especially among young adults (Pempek, Yermolayeva, & Calvert, 2008).
Missionary Archives on Africa: A Fine Grained Understanding
Authors: Wild-Wood Emma
Published: April 2022

Much historical evidence for the activities and reception of early African converts and indigenous Christian movements is found in the vast corpus of documentation produced and preserved by western missionary societies in Europe. In order to understand the evidence, historians, archivists and librarians do well to comprehend the nature of the sources that they use. In recent years there has been greater attention to archives as collections in order to appreciate the rationale behind historical events, personages and thought. This short essay gives some background to these historiographical issues before examining the outputs of the Church Missionary Society (CMS) missionaries in order to provide a case-study that may be a useful comparator for similar collections. My reflections emerge from my own research into socio-religious change in East Africa through a biography of a prominent Ugandan clergyman, Apolo Kivebulaya, who worked alongside CMS missionaries from the British Isles.
Googling African History: Connecting Students to Africa’s Past With Digital Primary Sources
Authors: Dawson-Andoh Araba
Published: April 2022

Primary sources are evidence created at the time of an event or after by participants or observers. Examples may include text – memoirs, letters, manuscripts, diaries, newspapers; images – photographs and posters; audio or video recordings – oral histories and speeches; artifacts – furniture, pottery, and cultural objects. These are the raw materials historians use to meaningfully reconstruct the past. These along with previous interpretations by other historians or secondary sources are the tools needed to perform historical research. This paper examines the intersection of African primary sources, new digital technologies and new active learning teaching methods within the teaching of African history. It discusses new approaches to teaching and learning history in undergraduate programs in the United States using both tangible and digital primary sources.
How the UK’s African Studies Libraries and Archives reacted to the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: McCann Lucy
Published: April 2022

Libraries began to close to researchers in the week beginning 16 March 2020 and all were closed to researchers and staff from Monday 23 March when the UK’s lockdown began and all who could work from home were instructed to do so. University libraries dealt with large numbers of book loans in the last days and hours of operation, with loan periods extended (at the Bodleian for three months initially), recalls of loans switched off and fines suspended.

At the present time staff are still working from home where possible. Security staff and conservation staff are looking after buildings and checking on the storage of collections and at some institutions curatorial staff may arrange to visit to collect work materials. At King’s College London Library and at the Bodleian some staff have been furloughed, implementing the government’s Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS).
Digital Archives in a Changing Rwanda
Authors: Grayson Hannah , Rukesha Paul
Published: April 2022

Digital archives in Rwanda are at the heart of national and international projects. This article traces two areas - education and research - in which the Genocide Archive of Rwanda is being used for awareness-raising, skills development, and interdisciplinary research. We discuss ‘Education for Sustainable Peace in Rwanda’, a three year programme initiated by the Aegis Trust, and ‘Rwandan Stories of Change’, a collaborative research project based at the University of St Andrews. These illustrate the value and potential of using an archive, and demonstrate how that archive is being developed as Rwanda as a nation continues to shift and change. We highlight the scope for impactful collaboration and the central importance of storytelling and testimony.
African Holdings of the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
Authors: Lindfors Bernth
Published: April 2022

Last year the University of Texas at Austin celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of what was to become the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, an archive named after a former English professor who had risen rapidly up the university's administrative ranks, using his considerable budgetary authority as Dean, Vice President, Provost, President, and finally Chancellor of the entire fifteen-campus University of Texas system to fulfill his vision of establishing in Austin “a center of cultural compass, a research center to be the Bibliotheque Nationale of the only state that started out as an independent nation”. To get things started, on September 11,1957, in his position as Director of the university's Rare Book Collection, he wrote a formal letter to himself authorising the expenditure of $25,000 from Special Research Collections in Humanities “to purchase books and materials for the use of the humanities faculty in furthering their research”.
The Christopher Okigbo Collection: From Family Heritage to Public Archive
Authors: Okigbo Obiageli , Dati Sofia
Published: April 2022

This cyclical passage described by Christopher Okigbo inElegy for Altoconstitutes the core of the process of transmission that characterises the cycle of life, death and rebirth. After the poet's disappearance in 1967, the flame of his art and life still burns in our memories and outlives him through our committment to his legacy. Christopher Okigbo was born in 1932 in Ojoto, East Nigeria. The colonial context in which he was immersed at Government College, Umuahia shaped his work as much as the traditions of Igbo culture that were passed on to him by his maternal lineage.
Part I: Book Donation Programmes in English-Speaking Africa
Authors: Zell Hans M.
Published: April 2022

Book aid is complex, problematic, and sometimes controversial, but the literature and research on book donation programmes for Africa is surprisingly scant. In particular there is only a very small number of papers or studies written by African librarians or other book professionals who have benefitted from, or have been involved in processing and distributing book donations.

The websites of many book charities contain glowing reports and endorsements about their activities, but publicly accessible evaluations of book donation schemes are still rare, as are independent investigative studies. There are only a few case studies that have evaluated donation schemes in terms of a set of identified needs. It is therefore timely, I believe, for book donation programmes to come under some further scrutiny.
Colonisation in Wole Soyinka's Drama: A Postcolonial Study
Authors: Alabi Adesanya M. , Mohammadzadeh Behbood
Published: April 2022

Post-colonial literature is the product of nexus between the culture of colonialism and the exigent practice of indigenous values.

Postcolonial theory places more emphasis on the criticality of colonialism and its establishment resulting in neo-colonialism with the accentuation of the power of the west over the colonised (Prasad, 2003:7). Ali A. Mazrui highlighted seven conflicts that have been the main pressing matters among post-colonial writers: clash between the past and the present of Africa, between tradition and modernity, between individuality and community, between indigenous and foreign, between development and self-reliance, between socialism and capitalism, and between Africanity and humanity (Mazrui et al, 2014

Post-colonial literature, therefore, tries to explore the challenges and results of decolonisation of a nation particularly those nations that have been given political and cultural independence and were formerly colonised.
Frederick Njilima, M.M.: An Unlikely African Hero of the Western Front
Authors: Stuart-Mogg David
Published: April 2022

Frederick Njilima, was born in Nyasaland, today's Malawi, a small country of some 48k square miles; slightly smaller than England. It is about 520 miles long by 100 miles at its widest point. Lakes comprise some 20% of the surface area of the country with the largest Lake Nyasa - now called Lake Malawi - being some 360 miles long by about 50 miles at its widest point. It is the third largest lake in Africa and the fourth deepest in the world. At the time of the First World War, Nyasaland shared a border to its north east with German East Africa, today's Tanzania, to the west with Northern Rhodesia, today's Zambia, and with Portuguese East Africa, today's Mozambique to the south west, the south and the east.
Reflections on Libraries and Archives II
Authors: Hansen Holger Bernt
Published: April 2022

If I start with my national origin the colonial legacy is very limited. Regarding Africa Denmark had a kind of colony on the Guinea Coast in West Africa, called the Gold Coast. It was sold to Britain in 1850, at a time when there was still some money to extract. It was in the precolonial days when royal companies were running the show. The possession was very much geared to the slave trade, and when it could not pay anymore the Danes withdrew, like the Dutch by the way.

But it raises a special problem which I will point out from the outset for consideration on this occasion. For European countries with a limited colonial legacy and thereby also outside the major languages there is a language problem regarding archives and other kinds of contemporary source material.
Ethiopian Objects at the Victoria and Albert Museum
Authors: Jones Alexandra
Published: April 2022

The Victoria and Albert Museum, or V&A, is a museum of art, design and performance based in South Kensington, London. It was established in 1852, following on from the 1851 “Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations” spearheaded by Prince Albert. The museum's collections today number over 2.7 million objects, amassed over the past 150 years through active collecting. Amongst them is a small but very significant collection of Ethiopian material, which tells a story about the complex relationship between Britain and Ethiopia during the 19th century, as well as prompting much discussion about how African collections and objects associated with military expeditions are displayed and interpreted by UK museums today.
WacŁaw Korabiewicz, Stefan Strelcyn and StanisŁaw Chojnacki: Polish Collectors of Ethiopian Art
Authors: Pawłowska Aneta
Published: April 2022

The aim of this article is to discuss the value of Polish collections of Ethiopian art conceived in Poland in the 20th century and to describe the times and lives of their creators. In most cases, these collections are associated with the figures of three very distinguished and famous Poles who were the precursors of research studies which were concentrated on the rich and diverse Ethiopian art and culture. These three renowned researchers whom I would like to present and discuss are as follows: Waciaw Korabiewicz, Stefan Strelcyn and Stanislaw Chojnacki. When considering the topic of Ethiopian art collections, we must not forget about the archetypal European colonial system, which can be seen as the policy of a nation seeking to extend or retain its authority not only over other people and territories but also in the sphere of culture.
WacŁaw Korabiewicz's Collection of Ethiopian Crosses as a Representation of Polish Collections of Ethiopian Artefacts
Authors: Rubinkowska-Anioł Hanna
Published: April 2022

The aim of this article is to present one of the biggest world collections of Ethiopian crosses and the man who was responsible for it - a Polish medical doctor Wactaw Korabiewicz who devoted much of his life to revealing the complicated system of symbolism of the crosses. Over the decades Wadaw Korabiewicz collaborated with different museums around the world. However, it was the National Museum in Warsaw (Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie (MNW)) and its collection of Ethiopian crosses which Korabiewicz partly donated, partly offered as a perpetual deposit, which were the most important for the collector and to which he had the most emotional connection. This collection is today one of the biggest among the world collections of Ethiopian crosses, and also one of the most interesting. Apart from being a collector, Korabiewicz's ambition and great passion was research on the symbolism of a cross.
II: Sierra Leone Acquisitions by the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London
Authors: Larby Patricia
Published: April 2022

Coverage of materials published in Sierra Leone and the Gambia by the Institute of Commonwealth Studies has not been an exercise that can be described as an outstanding success. The Institute itself is a small organisation which is reflected in the size of its library and budget and acquisition of materials under the SCOLMA specialisation scheme has been limited to the range of subjects normally covered by library policy. These are the social and-political sciences, history since 1850 and bibliography, and the normal methods of selection via bibliographies and publishers' lists and purchase through local booksellers are the methods of operation. Budgets as small as ours do not offer the luxury of blanket orders through American dealers though we would probably achieve a greater measure of success if we could afford them.
Virtual reality curriculum increases paediatric residents’ knowledge of CHDs
Authors: Lim Tiffany R. , Wilson Hunter C. , Axelrod David M. , Werho David K. , Handler Stephanie S. , Yu Sunkyung , Afton Katherine , Lowery Ray , Mullan Patricia B. , Cooke James , Owens Sonal T.
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

Virtual reality has emerged as a unique educational modality for medical trainees. However, incorporation of virtual reality curricula into formal training programmes has been limited. We describe a multi-centre effort to develop, implement, and evaluate the efficacy of a virtual reality curriculum for residents participating in paediatric cardiology rotations.

Methods:

A virtual reality software program (“The Stanford Virtual Heart”) was utilised. Users are placed “inside the heart” and explore non-traditional views of cardiac anatomy. Modules for six common congenital heart lesions were developed, including narrative scripts. A prospective case–control study was performed involving three large paediatric residency programmes. From July 2018 to June 2019, trainees participating in an outpatient cardiology rotation completed a 27-question, validated assessment tool. From July 2019 to February 2020, trainees completed the virtual reality curriculum and assessment tool during their cardiology rotation. Qualitative feedback on the virtual reality experience was also gathered. Intervention and control group performances were compared using univariate analyses.

Results:

There were 80 trainees in the control group and 52 in the intervention group. Trainees in the intervention group achieved higher scores on the assessment (20.4 ± 2.9 versus 18.8 ± 3.8 out of 27 questions answered correctly, p = 0.01). Further analysis showed significant improvement in the intervention group for questions specifically testing visuospatial concepts. In total, 100% of users recommended integration of the programme into the residency curriculum.

Conclusions:

Virtual reality is an effective and well-received adjunct to clinical curricula for residents participating in paediatric cardiology rotations. Our results support continued virtual reality use and expansion to include other trainees.
Slowing processing speed is associated with cognitive fatigue in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Pitteri Marco , Dapor Caterina , DeLuca John , Chiaravalloti Nancy D. , Marastoni Damiano , Calabrese Massimiliano
Published: April 2022

Objective:

To further investigate objective measures of cognitive fatigue (CF), defined as the inability to sustain performance over time, in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, by conducting a performance analysis on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) based on the type of errors (omissions vs. incorrect responses) committed.

Method:

Sixty-two newly diagnosed patients with MS (pwMS) and 41 healthy controls (HC) completed the PASAT. Analysis of the change in performance during the test was performed by comparing the number of correct responses, incorrect responses, and omissions in the 1st versus the 3rd tertile of the PASAT.

Results:

A significant decline in accuracy over time was observed to be related to an increment in the number of omissions, significantly more pronounced in pwMS than in HC. No change in the number of incorrect responses throughout the PASAT was observed for either group.

Conclusions:

CF can be detected even in newly diagnosed pwMS and might objectively manifest as a progressive increase in omissions during a sustained highly demanding task (i.e., PASAT). This pattern may reflect slowed processing speed and increased fatigue in pwMS. Focusing on omissions on the PASAT instead of correct responses only may improve its specificity as an objective measure of CF.
The moderating roles of self-efficacy and depression in dual-task walking in multiple sclerosis: A test of self-awareness theory
Authors: Van Liew Charles , Gudesblatt Mark , Covey Thomas J. , Wilken Jeffrey , Golan Daniel , Zarif Myassar , Bumstead Barbara , Buhse Marijean , Ofori Edward , Peterson Daniel
Published: April 2022

Objective:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurological disease associated with a variety of psychological, cognitive, and motoric symptoms. Walking is among the most important functions compromised by MS. Dual-task walking (DTW), an everyday activity in which people walk and engage in a concurrent, discrete task, has been assessed in MS, but little is known about how it relates to other MS symptoms. Self-awareness theory suggests that DTW may be a function of the interactions among psychological, cognitive, and motor processes.

Method:

Cognitive testing, self-report assessments for depression and falls self-efficacy (FSE), and walk evaluations [DTW and single-task walk (STW)] were assessed in seventy-three people with MS in a clinical care setting. Specifically, we assessed whether psychological factors (depression and FSE) that alter subjective evaluations regarding one’s abilities would moderate the relationships between physical and cognitive abilities and DTW performance.

Results:

DTW speed is related to diverse physical and cognitive predictors. In support of self-awareness theory, FSE moderated the relationship between STW and DTW speeds such that lower FSE attenuated the strength of the relationship between them. DTW costs – the change in speed normalized by STW speed – did not relate to cognitive and motor predictors. DTW costs did relate to depressive symptoms, and depressive symptoms moderated the effect of information processing on DTW costs.

Conclusions:

Findings indicate that an interplay of physical ability and psychological factors – like depression and FSE – may enhance understanding of walking performance under complex, real-world, DTW contexts.
Effect of multiple micronutrient supplements v. iron and folic acid supplements on neonatal mortality: a reanalysis by iron dose
Authors: Gomes Filomena , Agustina Rina , Black Robert E , Christian Parul , Dewey Kathryn G , Kraemer Klaus , Shankar Anuraj H , Smith Emily , Tumilowicz Alison , Bourassa Megan W
Published: April 2022

Objective:

Antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) are a cost-effective intervention to reduce adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, the current WHO recommendation on the use of antenatal MMS is conditional, partly due to concerns about the effect on neonatal mortality in a subgroup of studies comparing MMS with iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements containing 60 mg of Fe. We aimed to assess the effect of MMS v. IFA on neonatal mortality stratified by Fe dose in each supplement.

Methods:

We updated the neonatal mortality analysis of the 2020 WHO guidelines using the generic inverse variance method and applied the random effects model to calculate the effect estimates of MMS v. IFA on neonatal mortality in subgroups of trials (n 13) providing the same or different amounts of Fe, that is, MMS with 60 mg of Fe v. IFA with 60 mg of Fe; MMS with 30 mg of Fe v. IFA with 30 mg of Fe; MMS with 30 mg of Fe v. IFA with 60 mg of Fe; and MMS with 20 mg of Fe v. IFA with 60 mg of Fe.

Results:

There were no statistically significant differences in neonatal mortality between MMS and IFA within any of the subgroups of trials. Analysis of MMS with 30 mg v. IFA with 60 mg of Fe (7 trials, 14 114 participants), yielded a non-significant risk ratio of 1·12 (95 % CI 0·83 to 1·50).

Conclusion:

Neonatal mortality did not differ between MMS and IFA regardless of Fe dose in either supplement.
The bottom-up spillover effect for radical right parties
Authors: Chan Ka Ming
Published: April 2022

Previous literature suggests a party’s electoral result can shape its vote share and calculus of voting in a subsequent election. Less is known about whether this information-updating process helps explain the success of radical right parties (RRPs) in a multi-level system. To answer this question, I use the case of Germany to test whether a bottom-up spillover effect exists for RRPs. Through a regression discontinuity design, I first find that crossing regional electoral hurdles can substantially improve RRPs’ electoral performance in a subsequent general election. Yet, this positive spillover effect cannot be found for other party families. Next, I use a panel to ascertain which mechanisms drive this effect for RRPs. The analysis suggests the legitimation mechanism is more dominant than the viability mechanism and exposure mechanism. These findings enrich our understanding of both the second-order election framework and RRP studies.