bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Place de la médecine manuelle-ostéopathie en médecine des forces
Authors: SAHUT M. , MINABERRY S. , MICHEL R. , HÉRAUDEAU FRITSCH A. , LAFOURCADE P.
Published: April 2023

La médecine manuelle-ostéopathie connaît un essor important en France. Nous avons réalisé une étude épidémiologique transversale et exhaustive auprès des 844 médecins praticiens des forces du Service de santé des armées en activité en 2014. L’objectif principal était d’évaluer leurs connaissances, attitudes et pratiques dans ce domaine. Le taux de participation était de 46 %. La majorité des médecins des forces déclarait avoir une connaissance moyenne voire insuffisante en médecine manuelle-ostéopathie. Toutefois, 86 % des médecins souhaitaient améliorer leurs connaissances. Ils soulignaient l’intérêt de la médecine manuelle-ostéopathie en milieu militaire et des spécificités propices à sa pratique (activités à contraintes musculaires importantes, engagement opérationnel, pathologie du sport). La pratique de la médecine manuelle-ostéopathie modifiait significativement la prise en charge ostéopathique des patients (orientation et traitement) et était associée à la détention d’un diple de médecine manuelle-ostéopathie, de médecine du sport ou de mésothérapie. Les pathologies rachidiennes, de hanche, de cheville et de pied et les contractures musculaires étaient les plus fréquemment traitées. Les techniques musculaires (étirement myotensif et techniques d’inhibition) et articulaires étaient les plus souvent employées. L’exercice de la médecine manuelle-ostéopathie parmi les médecins des forces restait encore confidentiel mais son développement au sein du milieu militaire semble intéressant.
Ypres : l’attaque allemande du 22 avril 1915
Authors: DELACOUR H. , DORANDEU F. , RENARD Ch.
Published: April 2023

Le 22 avril 1915 avait été une journée de printemps radieuse dans le secteur d’Ypres (Belgique). En cette fin d’après-midi, un léger vent du nord-est soufflait et tout était si calme que les combattants ne pensaient presque plus à la guerre. Quand, soudain, d’immenses colonnes de fumées jaunâtres s’élevèrent au-dessus des tranchées allemandes. Cent cinquante tonnes de chlore venaient d’être libérées dans l’atmosphère. Aussi, ce lourd nuage, long de six kilomètres et flottant à un mètre au-dessus du sol, commença à dériver vers les lignes françaises poussé par cette légère brise. Il allait y semer l’effroi et la mort. En quelques minutes, les hommes paniqués abandonnèrent leurs tranchées sans résistance, laissant derrière eux plusieurs centaines de leurs camarades morts ou agonisants. La première attaque chimique de grande envergure de la Première Guerre mondiale utilisant un agent chimique létal venait d’avoir lieu. Si le recours à cette nouvelle arme ne permit pas une percée décisive, elle fit entrer le conflit dans une nouvelle dimension : la Grande Guerre devenait à cette date la Grande Guerre chimique.
Les gaz de combat et la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: BONNEMAIN B.
Published: April 2023

Dès la première attaque allemande en avril 1915 avec le chlore, le Général Joffre décide d’organiser la riposte qui s’impose. Après des organismes transitoires, l’Inspection des études et expériences chimiques est créée en septembre 1915 avec une section des produits agressifs comportant alors onze membres dont le président, le Colonel Perret, et quatre pharmaciens : Charles Moureu, Gabriel Bertrand, Paul Lebeau (puis Marcel Délépine en 1916). La section de protection, elle aussi composée de onze membres, inclut quatre pharmaciens : Paul Lebeau, Gabriel Bertrand, Alexandre Degrez, le pharmacien principal (colonel) Pellerin, remplacé par la suite par le pharmacien principal (colonel) Gauthier, et trois médecins : le professeur Achard, le docteur Vincent, le médecin principal (colonel) Dopter qui sera remplacé par le docteur Raymond. Tous vont agir avec succès pour protéger les soldats de l’effet des gaz de plus en plus dangereux au fur et à mesure des combats et pour mettre au point des produits au moins aussi toxiques pour les utiliser contre les soldats allemands. Leur expérience sera utile au-delà de la Grande Guerre.
La faculté de médecine et l’École supérieure de pharmacie de Nancy dans la Grande Guerre
Authors: LABRUDE P.
Published: April 2023

La Faculté de médecine et l’École supérieure de pharmacie sont très attentives à la guerre chimique dès son commencement. La Faculté s’intéresse particulièrement à la clinique et à la thérapeutique des intoxications, par l’intermédiaire des réunions de la Société de médecine qui ont lieu dans les hôpitaux où exercent ses membres. L’activité de l'école est différente. Ceux de ses membres qui n’ont pas été affectés à Paris à l’Inspection des études et expériences chimiques, sont dirigés vers les laboratoires divisionnaires de toxicologie, puis certains retournent à l’École. Ils travaillent en particulier sur la défense chimique avec la proposition de masques et de méthodes de dosage. Parmi les thèses, celle consacrée à l’extraction du (di) brome de l’eau des mers est classifiée par le ministre de l’Armement et elle n’est soutenue qu’en 1920. Enfin, divers rapports sont envoyés directement aux organismes de commandement et de direction et n’ont donc jamais été publiés.
The Use of Whatsapp Social Media Group for Nutrition Counselling among Parents with Children of Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Prabhu Shruti , Prabhu Atul , Sahu Kavita Kiran
Published: April 2023

Background: Ignorance about appropriate Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices among parents of children with Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) can exacerbate malnutrition in these children leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Use of novel methods for Intensive Nutrition Counselling such as Whatsapp social media group can lead to considerable improvement in nutritional status of the child.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of Whatsapp group for Intensive Nutritional Counselling to parents of children with CHD. 

Methods: This is a two-year prospective interventional study, one-group before-after study design. Here, intervention is in the form of specialised focussed nutrition counselling for parents of children with CHD through Whatsapp social media group.

Results: Majority of the patients 16 (30.0%) were in the age group of 7-12 months, predominant diagnosis (25 patients i.e. 48.9%) was Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). Sixty-eight percent patient-families belonged to lower socio-economic class. Before intervention, 71.1% of children (37 of 52) were found to be underweight, 35.5% children were stunted and 65.6% children were wasted. Post intervention there was significant improvement in all the 3 anthropometric indicators. This intervention particularly helped improve IYCF habits for the age group of 7-12 months. Post intervention all parents included the 8 food groups in their childrenâ€™s diet thus providing them wholesome nutrition whereas earlier only 2-3 food groups were given to children on a daily basis.

Conclusion: This is the first study to explore use of Whatsapp group to educate parents of children with CHD about specific nutrition counselling, resulting in improvement in child anthropometric indices.
The Making of Iranianness in the Kitchen: A Textual Analysis of the Cooking Game Show Befarmaeed Sham
Authors: Matin Alireza Azeri
Published: April 2023

The emergence and rapid proliferation of the predominantly anti-regime Farsi satellite TV channels (FSTCs) and their productions since early 1990s have not only transformed the Iranian mediascape, but also challenged the state’s definition of Iranianness. Among the new generations of these free-to-air transnational channels, is MANOTO, a London-based television network which became a familiar name among Iranians since 2010 after premiering Befarmaeed Sham, a cooking game show copied from the successful British TV show Come and Dine with Me. Being broadcast for more than a decade, this reality show depicts the lives of ordinary Iranians in diaspora who have to deal with the unaccustomed culture of the West. Since FSTCs are strictly regarded by Iranian authorities as means of cultural invasion, the representations in Befarmaeed Sham are naturally seen to be in contrast with the Islamic regime’s views on what it means to be Iranian. Yet, what remains less known is how this new form of popular cultural programme redefines Iranianness. Therefore, by performing a series of textual analyses on 7 sequences selected from various episodes of Befarmaeed Sham, and with a focus on the contestants’ utterances, the present study uncovers some of the key representational aspects of this reality show. Ultimately, while highlighting the subtleties in cultural representation that render Befarmaeed Sham political, it is argued that this television programme offers audiences a new space for rethinking their Iranian selves. Keywords: Iranianness, satellite TV, cooking game show, representation, textual analysis.
Airflow Simulation and Measurement of Brake Wear Particle Emissions with a Novel Test Rig
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Design, Robotics and Optimisation, University of Leeds, United Kingdom, Sanuddin A.B. , Kosarieh S. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Design, Robotics and Optimisation, University of Leeds, United Kingdom, Gilkeson C.A. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Design, Robotics and Optimisation, University of Leeds, United Kingdom, Brooks P.C. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Design, Robotics and Optimisation, University of Leeds, United Kingdom, Barton D.C. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Design, Robotics and Optimisation, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
Published: April 2023

Particle emissions generated by the braking systems of road vehicles represents a significant non-exhaust contributor. Fine particles such as these are transported through airborne routes. They are known to adversely affect human health and currently there are no policies in place to regulate them. Before this issue can be addressed, it is important to characterise brake wear debris which is the purpose of this study. A newly-developed test rig consisting of a closed but ventilated enclosure surrounds a brake dynamometer equipped with a cast iron rotor. A sampling probe was made in accordance with the isokinetic principles in order to withdraw a representative aerosol sample from the outlet duct. Measurements of real-time particulate numbers and mass distributions are recorded using a Dekati ELPI®+ unit and the brake materials were tested under drag-braking conditions. Prior to measurements, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to investigate the most suitable sampling points used in the experiments. Preliminary experimental results show that there is a noticeable increase in particle numbers, compared to background levels, with a corresponding change in the mass distribution; coarser particles become more prominent during these braking events. These results provide confidence in the performance of the test rig and its ability to measure airborne brake wear debris in order to compare emissions from various friction pairs.
Influence of Kraft Paper on the Ageing of Palm Oil, Corn Oil and Rice Bran Oil
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ariffin M. M. , Ishak M. T. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, A. Hamid M. H. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Hashim F. R. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Md Din M. F. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Abd Rahman R. ,   Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a sealed ageing study of palm oil, corn oil, and rice bran oil with and without the presence of insulation paper. The oils were aged at four different durations which are at 2 days, 30 days, 90 days, and 180 days at a constant temperature of 90°C. The properties of vegetable oils as well as insulation paper under ageing were then analysed through AC breakdown voltage, dielectric losses, relative permittivity, resistivity, moisture, and acidity of the oils. It is found that the AC breakdown voltage of oils with the presence of insulation paper is lower than the oils without the insulation paper. The AC breakdown of oils with and without insulation paper increase with the ageing time which reflect the amount of moisture in oil. For dielectric loss, the value is increased with time and dielectric loss with paper shows lower value than without paper. RBO shows higher dielectric losses for both conditions. In term relative permittivity, it can be concluded that the relative permittivity increases when the time ageing increase. It is seen that relative permittivity of palm oil is the highest change in duration of time ageing from 1.8 to 2.0 for both conditions. Throughout the ageing time, the acidities of all the oil samples remain at low level for ageing without paper. However, with the presence of paper, the number of acidities for all oil samples increased with the time. With the presence of Kraft paper, the viscosity will decrease over time duration. But, without the presence of Kraft paper, the viscosities were almost stable for all samples.
Preliminary Experimental Study on Effectiveness of Aquatic Vegetation on Sediment Transport Capacity
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defense University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ahmad Nordila , Suif Zuliziana ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defense University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Othman Maidiana ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defense University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Wan Mohamed Sabri Wan Mohamed Syafuan ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defense University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Yahya Muhamad Azani ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defense University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Azha Ahmad Naqiuddin ,   Royal Engineering Regiment, Malaysia Armed Forces, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: April 2023

Vegetation affects sediment transport by obstructing the flow and changing the turbulence characteristics. Common sediment transport equations are not applicable to situations with submerged vegetation. A laboratory experiment was carried out in which flow, vegetation, and sediment transport were measured in an open channel model with a 240 cm long section of 50 cm high x 50cm width with submerged vege-tation in a sand bed. Measured data from various vegetation density and height were analyzed to obtain estimates of the trapping efficiency. Results show an increment of the trapping efficiency with 86.7% and 94.2% reduction in sediment concentration compared to a case without vegetation.
A Method of Realizing XOR/XNOR Gate using Symmetric Boolean Function Lattice Structure
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mustapha Muhazam , Lee Jeffery ,   Emerald Systems Sdn. Bhd., Sg. Nibong, 11900 Penang, Malaysia, Mokhtar Anis Shahida Niza ,   Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mustafa Kamarul ‘Asyikin ,   Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Rosdi Bakhtiar Affendi ,   School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
Published: April 2023

The current CMOS’s industry standard XOR and XNOR gate consist of 12 and 10 transistors, respectively. This transistor count could be lowered down to produce low power circuits as XOR/XNOR are extensively used in many functional modules. As a solution, a method for realizing low transistor count XOR/XNOR gates using a special property of symmetric Boolean function is proposed. This property suggests that the circuits for such functions can be realized with fewer transistors using a special lattice structure circuit. Modifications are made to the original lattice structure to match with the current CMOS technology requirements. The final circuits require eight transistors each for XOR/XNOR with mixtures of NMOS and PMOS at push-up and pull-down networks. Simulations show that the intended logic functions of XOR/XNOR are achieved. The reading of actual voltage swing, however, shows that the output is either 0.3 V over ground or below VDD when there is a mixture of NMOS and PMOS as pull-down or push-up networks, respectively. More voltage loss of 0.4 V is observed if only NMOS is at push-up or only PMOS is at pull-down networks. As a preliminary work, this achievement of the functional logic level warrants more future work to improve the loss in output voltage swing.
Performance of Pilot-scale Constructed Wetland for Treating Stormwater
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defense University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Othman Maidiana , Suif Zuliziana ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defense University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ahmad Nordila ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defense University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Che Osmi Siti Khadijah ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defense University of Malaysia, Sg. Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mohd Nadzri Mohamad Nazrul Hafiz ,   Alam Flora Environmental Solutions Sdn. Bhd., Wisma DRB-HICOM, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: April 2023

Water scarcity and storm water management are two major challenges that effect the ecosystem and urban environment. In hot and humid country such as Malaysia, wastewater reuse should be encouraging whenever it is safe and economically feasible. Constructed wetlands (CW) have been recognized as one of the environmentally friendly technologies and successfully used for treating a diverse range of wastewaters. Constructed wetland can also be suitable habitat for native wetland plants and associated fauna. In an urban setting such as a university campus, a constructed wetland can also be landscaped as an educational and attractive green space, providing service learning and teaching opportunities for campus and surround community members. This study examines the performance of pilot-scale constructed wetlands as a sustainable wastewater treatment in Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) campus for treating and reusing the stormwater in the mini-reservoir. The pilot-scale of constructed wetlands have been designed and constructed in the laboratory using native wetland plant, the Cat-tail Typha Angustifolia. The pilot-scale of CW with vertical subsurface flow (VSF) system was able to remove all parameters better than horizontal subsurface flow (HSF) system. The highest percentage of removal of all parameters was at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 hours and percentage of removal increased with an increase in HRT. The percentage of removal for total suspended solid (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) approximately 84%, 71%, 68%, and 25%. Thus, the constructed wetland had the potential to increase the water quality level of stromwater in UPNM campus in order to support the sustainability and Green Campus environment campaign.
COMPOSITION AND RHETORICAL STRATEGIES OF THE AUTHOR'S COLUMN: ¿RES NON VERBA?
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Artemova Liudmyla
Published: April 2023

This article examines the Spanish author's newspaper column in the key of the basic concepts of classical rhetoric as an interdisciplinary science, which at the present stage allows to combine the "linguistics of expressiveness" with the consideration of linguistic material in the light of the communicative-discursive paradigm. The author's column is an example of "journalism of opinions", where thematic diversity, stylistic originality, linguistic creativity is due to the figure of the journalist with his thoughts, ideas, positions and the ultimate goal, which determines the nature of the selection of rhetorical strategies, arguments, compositional organization in order to influence the reader's perception and create a discourse of persuasion. This time the illustrative material was short columns by Manuel Vicente, a famous contemporary Spanish writer and long-time journalist of "El País". It is revealed that in the production of an analytical text there is an interpenetration of intention, arguments inventio, the order of presentation of materials dispositio with the help of appropriate discursive-expressive means elocutio. Just as it is impossible to distinguish these three rhetorical operations as purely sequential in a linear creative process, so res and verba are not absolutely separate concepts, they can be variably combined, since discourse is built according to the coordinates of integration into a heterogeneous network of texts, where the planes of res and verba are often woven into one, common linguistic fabric. This is the nature of publications demanded by the modern demanding reader, who is no longer a "passive recipient" of information. The journalist has to appeal to his mind, emotions, feelings, memory in order to "surprise" him, which means that elocutio goes beyond the simple "decoration" of speech, and returns us to the words, the process of their logical, contextual selection, combination, merging in the context to create in its compositional integrity the strength, effectiveness and persuasiveness of the article.
Middle Neolithic Burials in Baikal-Yenisey Siberia: Problems of Cultural Identity and Genesis
Authors: Berdnikov I. M. , Makarov N. P. , Savenkova T. M. , Berdnikova N. E. , Sokolova N. B. , Kim A.  M. , Reich D.
Published: April 2023

The study focuses on the analysis of Middle Neolithic burial complexes of the Baikal-Yenisey Siberia. Based on a series of reliable radiocarbon dates, their age lies within the range of 6190–5900 cal BP. It partly corresponds to the end of the hiatus in the mortuary traditions of Cis-Baikal. Features of the burial rite and funerary offerings are analyzed and compared with those of neighboring territories. One of the most frequent images in the art of the Middle Neolithic Baikal-Yenisey Siberia is that of the waterfowl, rendered as fi gurines. The common grave goods are leaf-shaped stone arrowheads, shell beads, and pendants made of animal bones and teeth. The funerary rite included the use of fi re and reddish mineral pigment, as well as disrupting the anatomical integrity of the skeletons, possibly due to partial burial (the data are tentative). Most burials of the late stage of the hiatus are evidently those of hunter-gatherers manufacturing the Ust-Belaya ceramics, which were found in certain burials. A bone arrowhead with a biconical point and fi gurines representing waterfowl suggest cultural ties with the Urals and Western Siberia; but their nature has yet to be clarifi ed, which requires large-scale AMS-dating and paleogenetic analysis.
Possibilities of Direct Dating of Rock Art in the Khakass-Minusinsk Basin
Authors: Zotkina L. V. , Sutugin S. V.
Published: April 2023

The study addresses modern methods of absolute dating of rock art. We review prospective approaches to dating petroglyphs under various conditions: AMS, OSL, uranium-thorium, and cosmogenic isotope. Not so much methods per se are discussed as principles of their application to certain reliably dated rock art sites of various periods in Europe, Asia, America, and Australia. Examples of satisfactory outcomes in international practice are cited alongside our assessment of prospects and limitations to be considered with regard to the method of dating the earliest petroglyphs and rock paintings in the Khakass-Minusinsk Basin. The review suggests that the basic conditions for the use of the uranium-thorium method are not met, the AMS method requires a preliminary analysis of the context, whereas OSL and cosmogenic isotope method are the most prospective.
A Study of Silk Fabric from the Xiongnu Age Under-Headdress Discovered at Yaloman II Mound 51 in the Central Altai
Authors: Tishkin A. A. , Orfinskaya O. V.
Published: April 2023

We describe a large fragment of fabric from the under-headdress excavated from mound 51 at Yaloman II—a site on a high terrace near the place where the Bolshoy Yaloman fl ows into the Katun, Central Altai. Various criteria, including radiocarbon analysis, suggest that the burial dates to the Xiongnu Age (200 BC to 100 AD). The structure of the textile was assessed microscopically. On the basis of morphological criteria, the fi bers were identifi ed as silk. The fabric is described according to the accepted international standards. Results attest to the use of a treadle loom for producing polychrome silk fabric, from which the early nomads sewed a headdress in the form of a cap or bonnet. Such a prestigious material was produced in limited quantities in China to decorate details of clothing worn by the elite. Decorative silk items could have been imported from there to the Altai as gifts received by the leader of the nomadic Xiongnu Empire in Inner Asia. The Altai was part of this empire, as demonstrated by the entire assemblage of funerary items from Yaloman II.
Why is the elderly suicide rate declining? The coverage expansion of major social security programs
Authors:   center for social welfare research yonsei university, Kim HyoungYong
Published: April 2023

The elderly suicide rate in South Korea has declined sharply over the past decade. This study inferred that the decrease in the elderly suicide rate is due to the achievement of expanding the coverage of major social security systems rather than demographic changes. Therefore, we analyzed whether the expansion of the service guarantee and income security system had an impact on the elderly suicide rate. The research method is a panel fixed-effects analysis with the dependent variable of the elderly suicide rate from 2011 to 2020 at the county level and the independent variables of the long-term care for the elderly, the national pension (old-age pension), and the basic pension. The results show that all but 12 of the nation's 228 cities and counties experienced a decrease in the elderly suicide rate, and that the expansion of the elderly long-term care coverage over the past decade has contributed significantly to the decrease in the elderly suicide rate. In the model with social security coverage, a one percentage point increase in long-term care coverage was associated with a 2.26 percentage point decrease in the suicide rate, and a one percentage point increase in old-age pension coverage was associated with a 1.35 percentage point decrease in the suicide rate. In the model that included the amount of benefits, the additional amount of old-age pension was statistically significant, with a 1.5 percentage point decrease in the suicide rate for every 100,000 won per capita increase. The results suggest that the challenge of responding to elderly suicides is to strengthen the security of the social security system rather than individual welfare programs in the city and county, and that the main way to do so is to expand the entitlement of the universal social insurance system.
A study on the relationship between the board of directors and fundraising performance of nonprofit organizations: Focusing on composition and roles of the board of directors
Authors:   center for social welfare research yonsei university, Song JiHyeon
Published: April 2023

This study attempted to explore the size, composition, roles, and level of participation of the board of directors for nonprofit organizations in Korea, and to examine the relationship between these factors and the fundraising performance of nonprofit organizations. For the examination, this study employed 272 nonprofit organizations with a board from Giving Korea 2019 by the Beautiful Foundation which include information regarding organizational operating status. As a result of analysis, most nonprofit organizations had experts as board members, and the proportion of representatives of volunteers and beneficiaries was the lowest. In addition, among the roles of the board, the level of participation of establishing organizational strategies role was the highest, while, the level of participation of fundraising and giving activities role was the lowest. As a result of the regression analysis, the size of the board, the presence of beneficiary representatives, role of establishing organizational strategies, and role of fundraising and giving activities had a significant relationship with the annual fundraising amount of nonprofit organizations. This study contributed to expanding a comprehensive understanding of the board of directors, which plays a key role in operation and performance of nonprofit organizations. Moreover, by empirically discussing the relevance to the organization's fundraising performance, this study contributed to providing enlarged theoretical and practical understanding of the board of directors and fundrasing performance of nonprofit organization.
Managing Human Rights Risks in IDB Projects: Requirements of the IDB's Environmental and Social Policy Framework
Authors: Gibbons Steve , Klinker Marcella , Murray Estefania
Published: April 2023

In November 2021, the Inter-American Development Banks (IDB) new Environmental and Social Policy Framework (ESPF) became effective. The IDB recognizes that human rights are central to its mission of improving lives and bringing sustainable development to the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. As such, the ESPF makes an explicit commitment to respecting internationally recognized human rights standards, including the International Bill of Rights, the International Labor Organizations Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, and other universal and regional instruments relating to human rights. Crucially, this means that under the new Framework, IDB-financed projects are expected to respect the rights enshrined in these instruments. The ESPF provides the IDB with the tools to assess human rights risks in the context of all IDB projects. Where such risks are identified, the IDB is committed to supporting Borrowers in carrying out their due diligence to protect project beneficiaries, communities, and workers from abuse, enable the fulfilment of their rights, and remedy harm caused. This Technical Note on Human Rights aims to provide support to IDB Borrowers in identifying and addressing human rights risks and impacts on IDB-financed projects under the new ESPF. The information contained in this note may also be relevant to a wider audience, including IDB staff and external stakeholders.
Tecnología blockchain: una forma de aumentar la confianza, mejorar la eficiencia y reducir los costos en los procesos de registro de propiedades
Authors: Miller Todd , Endo Víctor , Muñoz Gonzalo , Oliveira Francisco
Published: April 2023

Los procesos relacionados con el registro de propiedad en los países latinoamericanos siempre han sido una fuente de preocupación para los propietarios, los Gobiernos y los bancos entro otros. En esencia, es una cuestión de confianza. ¿Quién es realmente el dueño de esa propiedad? ¿Hay algún problema legal con el título de propiedad? Esta falta de confianza tiene consecuencias de largo alcance y afectan el desarrollo en particular para los pequeños propietarios de toda la región de América Latina. Consciente de eso, el BID patrocinó un proyecto basado en Blockchain (LAC PropertyChain), donde se analizaron tres países: Bolivia, Paraguay y Perú. El uso de Blockchain debía aumentar la transparencia de los registros, agilizar los procesos del catastro y registro de propiedades, disminuir los costos de los procesos, generar mayor confianza entre las partes y reducir las barreras de accesibilidad que desestimulan el mantenimiento de la formalidad. Se estudiaron los obstáculos y oportunidades técnicas, legales, empresariales y gubernamentales, lo que derivó, en la implementación de un sistema informático piloto en Perú que incluyó todos los actores principales. El prototipo se desarrolló a partir de la ley peruana para dos procesos relevantes seleccionados con los actores locales: el levantamiento de hipotecas y subdivisión de propiedades. Se reprodujo el flujo de trabajo de acciones utilizadas actualmente, pero modelándolo dentro de un ecosistema blockchain donde cada actor valida su identidad. Los pasos se configuraron como un contrato inteligente donde cada paso y documento insertado en el proceso responde a una secuencia invariable (en forma de código programable). También el modelo analizó la sustentabilidad desde varios puntos de vista, incluyendo costos e ingresos potenciales, proyecciones de volúmenes de transacciones, tipos de estructuras de organización y gobernanza de blockchain, infraestructura tecnológica y consideraciones de integración técnica. Si bien la tecnología de blockchain son relativamente nuevas y una comprensión más completa de los beneficios y casos de uso requiere educación adicional y experiencia práctica, la solución LAC PropertyChain demuestra que las transacciones de propiedades complejas pueden ser suficientemente modeladas, codificadas y procesadas utilizando una aplicación distribuida que se ejecuta en una red blockchain descentralizada.
2022 Partnership Report: Envisioning a New Future Together
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: April 2023

In 2022, the IDB made significant strides in building and consolidating partnerships with a diverse group of stakeholders, aligning objectives and actions under a broad vision of helping Latin America and the Caribbean achieve sustainable and inclusive development. Among the key areas of focus for the IDB in 2022 were reinvigorating climate action and addressing the social issues hindering the regions recovery. The Bank recognized the importance of including non-traditional actors in these efforts, creating new spaces for collaboration, and generating innovative solutions. With this in mind, the IDB expanded its range of financial and partnership tools and enhanced resource management to maximize its development impact. The 2022 Partnership Report demonstrates the IDBs unwavering commitment to partnerships and its efforts to use its financial and collaboration tools to maximize development impact in Latin America and the Caribbean. The Banks collaborative efforts with stakeholders are instrumental in promoting sustainable growth and creating a more prosperous region.
Викторина как эффективное средство воспитания ценностного отношения к родному языку у младших школьников
Authors: Антохина В.А. , Габдулина И.О. , Ефремцева П.В.
Published: April 2023

В статье рассматривается возможность использования викторины на уроках русского языка и во внеурочной деятельности в начальной школе как средства воспитания у обучающихся ценностного отношения к родному языку. Показывается потенциал викторины в активизации познавательной деятельности младших школьников при изучении русского языка; определяется ее мест на уроках русского языка и во внеурочной деятельности; рассматриваются существенные признаки олимпиады, приводятся виды олимпиад учебновоспитательном процессе. Для обсуждения предлагается сценарий разработанной и апробированной в рамках внеурочного мероприятия в реальной школьной практике викторины «Люби и знай русский язык».
Информационная компетентность
Authors: Висаитова Б.Х.
Published: April 2023

В статье исследовано понятие информационная компетентность. Рассмотрена роль информационной компетентности человека в жизни общества. Исследованы понятия компетентность и компетенция.
Optimization of mobile learning in land surveying material for vocational high school students: A preliminary study
Authors: Anggara Ardana Dika , Roemintoyo  , Rejekiningsih Triana
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to identify students' learning needs related to integrating mobile device technology and creative thinking skills in learning land surveying. This was done by looking at students’ responses based on media use, opportunities for media development, and supporting facilities for developing learning media. The participants of this study were 155 second-year students of the building engineering study program at Vocational High Schools. Mobile learning needs analysis indicators were prepared as a questionnaire instrument to achieve research objectives. This study used a quantitative approach, and the results of student responses were analyzed descriptively and presented in percentages. The findings revealed that 59.7% of respondents "agreed" and 40.3% "strongly agreed" to support the development of learning media that integrated cellular technology and creative thinking into the learning process of land surveying and was supported by the availability of learning support facilities. The conclusion is that the use of cellular technology in the learning process is directly proportional to students' abilities in operating and owning a smartphone, and that in the development of mobile learning as an alternative learning medium for land surveying has enormous opportunities. This study recommends the product of learning media using mobile learning methods and creative problem-solving approaches to train students to get used to creative thinking skills in developing their life skills.
Hz. Hatice'nin Oğulları
Authors: KAPLAN Sena
Published: April 2023

Hz. Peygamber’in hayatındaki çeşitli olaylar hakkındaki haberler, erken dönem sîret, hadis, tarihi çalışmalar ve kültürel edebiyat kaynaklarında birbirinden ayrık, hatta birbiriyle zıt olarak kaydedilmiştir. Hadisteki uyuşmazlıklar zaman zaman Hz. Peygamber ile Mekke’nin nüfuzlu aileleri arasındaki ilişkilerle ilgisi olan ve bir ölçüde O’nun ve ortaya çıkmakta olan Müslüman toplumunun kaderini şekillendiren, Hz. Peygamber’in hayatındaki belirgin olaylarla ilişkilidir.Bu şekilde incelenmeyi ve açığa kavuşturulmayı hak eden benzer bir durum da Hz. Hatice’nin evlilik hayatındaki belirli olayları içerir.
Los primeros años del español en el Perú
Authors: Garatea Grau Carlos
Published: April 2023

En pocas ocasiones la lengua ocupa un lugar de referencia cuando se narra la historia del Perú, y, es aún menor su presencia —al extremo de pasar desapercibida— cuando se ofrece una historia de la literatura peruana. Sin embargo, aunque silenciada su relevancia, el objeto de una u otra historia siempre se materializa en lengua. Es una paradoja que podría explicarse por la íntima y familiar relación que tienen los hablantes con ella. Su inmediatez la vuelve invisible. Este capítulo rema a contracorriente y ofrece algunas noticias —breves y sencillas— sobre el español que llegó al Perú en el siglo XVI y entró en contacto con lenguas indígenas que, de buenas a primeras y sin ninguna justificación distinta a los fines de la conquista española —la codicia y la dominación— fueron arrinconadas y sometidas a un tormentoso y cruel proceso de empequeñecimiento territorial y a una discriminación que, con el tiempo, hizo converger la percepción negativa de las lenguas americanas con los rasgos étnicos de sus hablantes y viceversa.
La cuestión de Chile durante el gobierno Velasco, 1968-1975
Authors: Zapata Velasco Antonio
Published: April 2023

El gobierno del general Juan Velasco Alvarado se extendió durante siete años, entre octubre de 1968 y agosto de 1975. En ese lapso se sucedieron tres presidentes en Chile: Eduardo Frei Montalva, Salvador Allende y Augusto Pinochet. Como es lógico suponer, en Lima estos cambios de gobierno fueron tomados en cuenta y provocaron ajustes en las relaciones que el Perú mantenía con su vecino del sur. Tratándose de una importante relación bilateral, los cambios en política exterior se produjeron de una manera rápida e inevitable.
Notas sobre la política económica de crecimiento con equidad en Chile 1990-2010
Authors: Beteta Edmundo
Published: April 2023

Estas citas corresponden a los discursos de toma de mando de los gobiernos de Chile y Perú, respectivamente, en 1990. Ambas resumen los diferentes contextos, problemas y prioridades que ambos presidentes establecieron en su agenda política en los años siguientes. Por un lado, Cambio 902 planteaba como desafío superar la crisis social, económica y política (Manrique, 2002) que atravesaba el Perú, mediante políticas de desregulación, privatizaciones y gasto social focalizado (Gonzales, 2007). En cambio, la Concertación chilena, coalición de partidos políticos de centro e izquierda, planteaba cambiar la historia de casi dos décadas de dictadura militar, caracterizada por similares reformas neoliberales, para saldar la deuda social con una orientación explícita de crecimiento con equidad (Arellano, 2014; Raczynski, 1998; Larrañaga, 2010). Fujimori instauró políticas análogas a las que el gobierno del país vecino implementó en los setenta, y cuya población anhelaba mayoritariamente corregir o erradicar con la restauración de la democracia
La lírica en castellano y sus variados acentos
Authors: Chang-Rodríguez Raquel
Published: April 2023

Los españoles trajeron a América una larga tradición poética enriquecida por la veta popular, entroncada con los cantares de gesta, la lírica trovadoresca, galaico-portuguesa y mozárabe. Estas variedades, particularmente los cantares de gesta (Mio Cid, los Siete infantes de Lara, Bernardo del Carpio), pasaron al nuevo mundo primero por transmisión oral y después en los cancioneros o compilaciones.
El método del discurso. La relación entre los Ejercicios espirituales y Descartes
Authors: Fernández Hart Rafael
Published: April 2023

Las preguntas por el modo en que se puede adquirir un conocimiento nuevo y cómo es posible que esto se transforme en un itinerario transitable para cualquiera nos han llevado a estudiar la relación de Descartes con su formación en La Flèche. La construcción de la filosofía cartesiana sensible al método que debe seguirse para adquirir conocimientos seguros no debe reducirse a una teoría epistemológica. La filosofía de Descartes también es una narrativa de su propio camino. Por este motivo, queremos poner en valor un elemento crucial en este proceso autobiográfico en el que emerge lo esencial del método.
Wittgenstein : terapéutica y ética de la filosofía
Authors: Lastres Dammert Pamela
Published: April 2023

Este artículo explora la dimensión ética del pensamiento de Wittgenstein reparando en sus observaciones sobre el quehacer filosófico. Sostengo aquí que esta dimensión ética no constituye un aspecto heurístico secundario ni accesorio; por el contrario, ella mantiene un peso gravitante en la obra de Wittgenstein, tanto en el Tractatus —en el que el discurso ético se encuentra condenado al silencio1 — como en los textos de la obra intermedia y tardía —en los que prácticamente no se menciona a la ética2 —. Destaco el aspecto normativo implícito en los comentarios de Wittgenstein sobre las fallas que frustran la labor del filósofo tradicional. Finalmente, conecto dicha dimensión ética con la terapia filosófica wittgensteiniana atendiendo a sus ambiciones y posibilidades transformadoras.
Sobre el análisis filosófico
Authors: Moretti Alberto
Published: April 2023

En un sentido grave —ejemplificado por los procedimientos para purificar el agua corriente, reunir pruebas en un juicio penal o sumar números— un método provee un criterio para determinar la aceptabilidad de lo que se haya hecho. En tal sentido, no hay método filosófico que caracterice algún modo especial de filosofar, aunque haya, en ciertas comunidades reflexivas, maneras habituales de construir discursos cuyo respeto o transgresión es un factor para evaluar parcialmente la aceptabilidad de lo dicho. Por otra parte, en un sentido ligero, la siguiente recomendación establece un método: imagine algo interesante (filosófico, si esta palabra le dice algo) y busque razones a favor y razones en contra. Este es el sentido preferido por quienes no tienen interés en la búsqueda de métodos filosóficos específicos. Pero hay alguna importancia en hacer cierto esfuerzo en esa dirección. Al menos la que se deriva del hecho sociohistórico de la existencia de academias auto y hasta héterorreconocidas como filosóficas, todas sostenidas con el esfuerzo de sus comunidades, pero divergentes hasta el punto de ignorarse con olímpico desdén. Existen, si no métodos, modos diferentes de elaborar y evaluar discursos filosóficos. Sean o no limitaciones a las que nos resigna nuestra finitud, hallar algunas de sus características puede ayudarnos a entendernos mejor. Hay, por ejemplo, un modo «analítico», una «filosofía analítica», y de eso escribiré en este artículo.
La retórica de la filosofía : entre la dialéctica y la persuasión
Authors: D'Onofrio Sandro
Published: April 2023

En este ensayo quiero sostener que es necesario recuperar nuestra capacidad retórica para elaborar y analizar las argumentaciones filosóficas, puesto que la verdad del discurso se constituye según el método o estilo filosófico, antes que por los razonamientos o la evidencia presentada. Empezaré por ejemplificar el infructífero diálogo entre analíticos y continentales, para luego explicitar un aspecto importante pero ausente de la retórica, esto es, el ethos del hablante en la argumentación. En segundo lugar, revisaré la historia del pensamiento para develar el talante de la retórica, que fue tergiversado en la Edad Media y en la modernidad. Por último, enfrentaré el problema del relativismo que, prejuiciosamente, se les atribuye a las argumentaciones persuasivas, para dejar en claro que la búsqueda de la verdad no debe prescindir de nuestra capacidad retórica.
Dialéctica, negatividad y no identidad en Adorno
Authors: Escalante Soledad
Published: April 2023

En este artículo analizo los esfuerzos de Theodor Adorno por develar las antinomias existentes al interior de la noción de razón instrumental y su imprescindible sustitución por una noción de razón de carácter no idéntico, negativo y dialéctico, que también incorpora en su definición de la no identidad entre sujeto y objeto, entre pensamiento y realidad. La renovada semantización de la dialéctica que emprende Adorno se vislumbra en una corrosiva crítica frente al orden social existente
¿Verdad o método? En torno al llamado gadameriano de ir "más allá del control de la metodología científica"
Authors: Monteagudo Valdez Cecilia
Published: April 2023

Este artículo busca atisbar las motivaciones que están detrás del llamado que hace Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002) de ir «más allá del control de la metodología científica» para repensar el fenómeno de la comprensión y la verdad. Se trata de un tema polémico que tiene que ver tanto con la recepción de su obra capital publicada en 1960, Verdad y método. Fundamentos de una hermenéutica filosófica (1977)1 , como con la impronta dialógica de su hermenéutica filosófica.
Justicia de bagatela : sistema penal y desigualdad en un documental colombiano
Authors: Iturralde Manuel A
Published: April 2023

Este no es un diálogo entre un trabajador social y una mujer que debe sacar adelante cinco hijos pequeños y ganarse la vida con cien mil pesos colombianos (33 dólares estadounidenses) al mes. El funcionario no está tratando de ayudar a buscar empleo formal a una mujer en situación de marginalidad ni de prestarle ayuda a través de las políticas públicas del Estado. La anterior es una breve conversación entre una mujer que trata de ganarse la vida vendiendo películas y CD de música piratas en la calle y su defensor público.