bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on Chagos: a critical overview
Authors: Mahadew Roopanand , Aukhajah Sarwankumar
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT:

This case discussion seeks to draw attention to the Advisory Opinion by the International Court of Justice on 25 February 2019 concening the Chagos Arpichelago (Advisory Opinion on the Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965). It underlines the legal arguments on the issue of the right to self-determination and the decolonisation process. The ICJ has highlighted the importance of the right to self-determination in the post-colonial context and upheld the necessity for the decolonisation process of Mauritius to be completed. The strong legal stand by the ICJ taken against the UK, despite the latter being a powerful state, is noteworthy. This Advisory Opinion is decisive not only for the Chagossians and their fate, but also for other African jurisdictions grappling with the issue of self-determination and an incomplete decolonisation process. The Opinion re-calibrates the debate on these two important international law issues by serving as an essential judicial tool to be applied in other similar cases.

 

TITRE ET RÉSUMÉ EN FRANCAIS:

L’avis consultatif de la Cour internationale de Justice sur l’Archipel des Chagos: aperçu critique

RÉSUMÉ:

Le présent commentaire d’arrêt vise à disséminer l’avis consultatif de la Cour internationale de justice (CIJ) sur l’Archipel des Chagos et met l’accent sur les arguments juridiques essentiels y énoncés au sujet du droit à l’autodétermination et du processus de décolonisation. La CIJ a souligné l’importance du droit à l’autodétermination dans le contexte postcolonial et a confirmé la nécessité de parachever le processus de décolonisation de l’Ile Maurice. Il convient de souligner la position juridique forte adoptée par la CIJ contre le Royaume-Uni, bien que ce dernier soit un État puissant. Cet avis consultatif est décisif non seulement pour les Chagossiens et leur destin, mais également pour les autres collectivités africaines en quête d'autodétermination et du parachèvement de leur processus de décolonisation. L'avis réajuste le débat sur ces deux importantes questions de droit international en servant d'instrument judiciaire important à appliquer dans des affaires similaires.
A bundle of mystery? Unpacking the application of the ‘bundle of rights and guarantees’ in the admissibility of applications before the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights
Authors: Nkhata Mwiza Jo
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT:

Starting with its judgment in Alex Thomas v Tanzania, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Court) introduced the ‘bundle of rights and guarantees’ as a justification for overruling objections to the admissibility of cases on the ground that there had been a failure to exhaust domestic remedies. Although this justification has, subsequently, and with consistency, been applied in several other cases, the Court is yet to properly explain what the ‘bundle’ entails. This article is an assessment of the Court’s jurisprudence dealing with the ‘bundle of rights and guarantees’. It explores the possible existence of the ‘bundle’ approach in international human rights law, generally, after which it focuses on some of the issues that the Court’s application of ‘bundle of rights and guarantees’ implicates. The article notes that the Court’s failure to provide comprehensive justification for the ‘bundle’ approach creates an aura of mystery and undermines the transparency that normally ought to attach to judicial reasoning.

 

TITRE ET RÉSUMÉ EN FRANCAIS:

Un faisceau de mystère? Évaluation de l’application du «faisceau de droits et garanties» dans la recevabilité des requêtes devant la cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples

RÉSUMÉ:

À partir de son arrêt Alex Thomas c. Tanzanie, la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples (la Cour) a introduit la notion de «faisceau de droits et garanties» pour justifier le rejet des exceptions à la recevabilité des requêtes au motif que les recours internes n’ont pas été épuisés. Bien que cette justification ait, par la suite, et avec constance, été appliquée dans plusieurs autres affaires, la Cour n’a pas encore pleinement expliqué ce qu’implique le «faisceau». Le présent article évalue la jurisprudence de la Cour relative au «faisceau de droits et garanties». Il explore la possibilité de l’existence d’une approche de «faisceau de droits et de garanties» en droit international des droits de l’homme en général, après quoi il s’attarde sur certaines des implications de l’application par la Cour de ladite approche. L’article note que le fait que la Cour n’a pas développé une justification approfondie de la notion de «faisceau» crée une aura de mystère et ne garantit la transparence que devrait normalement revêtir le raisonnement juridique.
La Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples dans le Forum permanent des cours régionales des droits de l’homme
Authors: Badugue Patrick
Published: October 2023

RÉSUMÉ:

A l’occasion du 40ème anniversaire de l’entrée en vigueur de la Convention américaine relative aux droits de l’homme et de la création de la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme, les présidents respectifs de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples, de la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme et de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme ont signé le 18 juillet 2018 à San José, au Costa Rica, la Déclaration créant le forum permanent du dialogue institutionnel entre ces trois juridictions régionales. Dans cette relation triangulaire, la Cour africaine apparaît à plus d’un titre comme une singularité que notre étude se propose d’analyser. Son jeune ancrage historique, la méfiance des Etats africains à coopérer avec elle et les transformations profondes du système régional africain de protection des droits de l’homme invitent notamment à s’intéresser aux défis de la jeune juridiction dans le cadre de cette nouvelle forme de coopération judiciaire. Aussi, dans une approche de justice comparée, le présent article examine les termes et les enjeux de la coopération entre la Cour africaine et les deux autres juridictions: enjeux liés non seulement au développement de la conception africaine des droits de l’homme à la croisée des autres systèmes normatifs, mais aussi relatifs aux interactions des modèles d’administration de la justice internationale.

 

TITLE AND ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH:

The African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights in the Permanent Forum of Regional Human Rights Courts

Abstract:

On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the entry into force of the American Convention on Human Rights and the establishment of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the respective Presidents of the African Court Human and Peoples’ Rights, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights signed on 18 July 2018 in San José, Costa Rica, the Declaration establishing the Permanent Forum for Institutional Dialogue between these three regional courts. In this triangular relationship, the African Court stands out with peculiar features that this article sets out to analyse. Its young historical anchorage, the mistrust of African states in cooperating with it and the profound transformations of the African regional system for the protection of human rights invite in particular to take an interest in the challenges of the young institutions within the framework of this new form of judicial cooperation. Also, adopting a comparative justice approach, this article examines the terms and issues of cooperation between the African Court and the other two institutions: issues related not only to the development of the African conception of human rights at the crossroads of the other normative systems, but also relating to the interactions of models of administration of international justice.
La protection juridique des intérêts culturels africains en droit international des investissements
Authors: Kabré Rimdolmsom Jonathan
Published: October 2023

Cette contribution s’inscrit dans le cadre des interactions entre droits culturels et droit des investissements et questionne la protection accordée aux considérations culturelles africaines en droit international des investissements. S’il est généralement admis que la culture occupe une place centrale dans la quête de développement du continent et est un élémentd’identification des peuples africains, comment le droit international des investissements protège-t-il ces considérations culturelles africaines, sachant que la protection accordée aux investissements peut avoir un impact sur certains aspects culturels des pays dans lesquels ils sont réalisés ? Bien que les considérations culturelles aient progressivement émergé dans le paysage normatif du droit des investissements, l’article soutient que la prise en compte de ces considérations reste, à bien d’égards, insuffisante dans le contentieux des investissements. L’article va plus loin en discutant de certaines réformes pour mieux protéger ces considérations et ainsi permettre au levier culturel de pleinement jouer son rôle dans la construction de l’Afrique que nous voulons.
Social and Economic Rights Action Centre (SERAC) and the Centre for Economic and Social Rights (CESR) v Nigeria: two decades on – questioning the continued implementation gap
Authors: Smis Stefaan , Bello Olalekan
Published: October 2023

Nearly two decades after the landmark decision in Social and Economic Rights Action Centre (SERAC) and the Centre for Economic and Social Rights (CESR) v Nigeria, in which the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights found that Nigeria had breached its obligations to protect, promote, and fulfil the rights of the Ogoni people in the country’s Niger Delta region, it is relevant to enquire how the decision has been implemented and whether it has significantly improved the situation of the Ogoni people. After the announcement of the Commission’s decision and the return to democratic rule in Nigeria, the general expectation was that Nigeria would without further delay implement the Commission’s recommendations. However, 20 years after the decision the Ogoni people are still demanding for their basic rights to be respected. This article, which mainly looks at the Commission’s decision from the perspective of the victims and through a socio-legal perspective, exposes this implementation gap. By doing so, it also points to the ineffectiveness of the monitoring mechanism of compliance with the Commission’s recommendations.
The role of human dignity in the jurisprudence of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
Authors: Gelaye Tsega Andualem
Published: October 2023

Human dignity is a concept that is often mentioned in core human rights treaties and national constitutions as the foundation of human rights. At its core it demands respect for the life and integrity of the human person, recognition of the equal worth of human beings and respect for their autonomy or self-determination. Many national and supra-national courtsalso use the concept to explicate the meaning and limitations of human rights. The constitutional court of Germany, South Africa and the European Court on Human Rights are notable in this regard. In recent years, the US Supreme Court has also increasingly used the concept in resolving hard cases and expanding the scope constitutional rights. Though, the role andapplication of human dignity has received considerable scholarly attention, it is mainly confined to the European constitutional orders and the US constitutional system. With respect to regional human rights systems, scholars have largely focused on examining the role of human dignity in the jurisprudence of European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-AmericanCourt. As such, little is known about what role human dignity is playing or could play in the interpretation of rights in the African human rights system. This is alarming considering the poor status of protection of human rights and weak constitutional right jurisprudence in many countries of Africa. Accordingly, this article seeks to fill the lacuna by examining the role of human dignity in the African human rights system by exploring its place in religious and cultural value systems of different African societies.
Holding corporations liable for human rights abuses committed in Africa: the need for strengthening domestic remedies
Authors: Tiruneh Wubeshet
Published: October 2023

It has been two decades since the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Commission) rendered its landmark decision in SERAC and CESR v Nigeria. In this landmark judgment, and later in IHRDA and Others v DRC, the Commission explicitly affirmed states’ obligation to investigate, prosecute and redress corporate human right abuses as part of the obligation ‘to adopt legislative or other measures’ under article 1 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (AfricanCharter). Similarly, states’ obligation to ensure a remedy for corporate human rights abuses is also one of the issues clarified under the ‘Third Pillar’ of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. However, as this obligation is not adequately translated into practice at the national level, corporate human rights abuses committed in Africa continue to be met with impunity and lack of access to effective remedy. Over the last several years, African victims who are denied justice in their domestic jurisdictions have increasingly been turning to home states of corporations to seek remedies. Victims’ access to home state remedies has, however, been significantly restricted in recent years due to various legal barriers, particularly jurisdictional challenges. The article therefore aims to highlight the increasing restriction on African victims’ access to home state remedies and show the need for strengthening domestic remedies in Africa
The right to health in Nigeria and South Africa: the need for effective integration of food safety
Authors: Aimienrovbiye Juliet
Published: October 2023

Food safety is a public health issue. The World Health Organisation reports that almost 1 in 10 people in the world fall ill afterconsuming contaminated food and 420,000 die every year. In Africa, more than 91 million people fall ill and 137,000 die each year of foodborne diseases. Several legal instruments recognise the right to health in Nigeria and South Africa. In Nigeria, the right to health is non-justiciable under chapter 2 of the 1999 Constitution. The National Health Act is the main lawthat regulates, develops and manages the health system. In South Africa, the right to health is recognised as a fundamental right. While these steps are commendable, food safety is yet to be effectively incorporated in these instruments. Nigeria and South Africa are state parties to treaties such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and theAfrican Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. However, these treaties fail to accommodate food safety as one of their essential attributes. This article contends that foodborne diseases have a significant impact on the recognition and enforcement of the right to health. Relying primarily on analytical methods of research, the article assesses the efficacy of legal machinery in recognising food safety as a crucial component of the right to health in the jurisdictions under study. It is important for Nigeria and South Africa to achieve effective integration of food safety as an indispensable component of the right to health in Africa.
Commentaire de l’arrêt de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples dans l’affaire Anudo Ochieng Anudo c. Tanzanie
Authors: Kagina Benjamin
Published: October 2023

La Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples (Cour africaine) a rendu, dans l’affaire Anudo Ochieng Anudo c. République-Unie de Tanzanie, son premier arrêt relatif au droit de ne pas être privé arbitrairement de sa nationalité en lien avec le droit de ne pas être arbitrairement expulsé. La Cour a été saisie par la requête de M. Anudo Ochieng Anudo d’origine tanzanienne. Dans son arrêt, la Cour s’est fondée sur l’article 15(2) de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme pourcondamner l’Etat défendeur en prenant le contre-pied de la position constante de la Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples (Commission africaine) dans des affaires similaires. Le présent commentaire vise à faire ressortir la particularité de cet arrêt en rapport avec la jurisprudence de la Commission africaine et de la Cour européenne desdroits de l’homme. Il met également en relief la nécessité de finaliser l’adoption du Protocole à la Charte africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples relatif aux aspects spécifiques du droit à la nationalité et l’éradication de l’apatridie en Afrique pour une protection efficace de ce droit en Afrique.
Effectivité des droits culturels et retour des biens culturels africains pillés sous l’empire colonial: pallier les écarts entre textes et contexte
Authors: Bahoze Olivier Baraka
Published: October 2023

Le présent article s’inspire du thème de l’Union africaine pour l’année 2021 – «Arts, culture et patrimoine: leviers pour l’édification de l’Afrique que nous voulons» – pour aborder la question du retour ou de la restitution des biens culturels africains acquis de façon irrégulière durant les périodes de la colonisation et de l’esclavage. Il part du constat selon lequel lesystème africain dispose d’un corpus normatif et jurisprudentiel substantiel en matière des droits culturels. Cependant, ses principaux instruments ignorent cependant la question du retour des biens culturels. Cette questiontrouve un relai favorable dans une mosaïque des textes disparates – qui réglementent le secteur de la culture en général – dont l’émanation institutionnelle est aussi multiple que diversifiée (Union africaine, UNESCOet Assemblée générale des Nations Unies). L’analyse de ces textes permet d’établir un lien de causalité entre retour des biens culturels africains et effectivité des droits culturels. Cet article avance l’hypothèse selon laquelle le retour de ces biens serait non seulement un mode de réparation du crime colonial mais surtout une contribution à l’effectivité des droits culturels. Parlant des blocages qui minent la concrétisation du rapatriement de ces biens, cet article critique le développement d’un certain nationalisme artistique et culturel – consécutif au caractère fragmentaire des politiques étatiques en la matière – générateur d’innombrables impasses. Il préconise en palliatif l’harmonisation des politiques culturelles à l’échelle régionale
Degradación de azul de metileno por fotólisis: efecto de variables del proceso
Authors: Olivares Lugo Lucia Idalia , Rosales González Omar , Sánchez De Jesús Félix , Martínez Luévanos Antonia , Bolarín Miró Ana María
Published: October 2023

En el presente trabajo se reporta cómo afectan las diferentes variables de proceso sobre la fotólisis del Azul de Metileno (AM), sin el empleo de otros agentes, evaluando la fuente de radiación, la velocidad de agitación, el pH y la temperatura. Obteniendo como resultado para pH 3 -7.28%, pH 7 16.95% y a pH 11 76.09%, estos resultados se atribuyen al grupo hidroxilo (OH) presente en la solución. De igual manera se observa una gran dependencia de la fotólisis en función de la fuente de radiación y su potencia, obteniendo como resultado 62.30%, 18.65% y 8.84% para radiación solar, lámpara LED y lámpara Xenón, respectivamente. Por otro lado el incremento de la temperatura no muestra ser determinante encontrando un máximo de -8.74% cuando se calienta la solución a 46°C y, finalmente, se encontró que cambios en la agitación producen cambios en los valores de adsorción encontrando para 100 rpm 57.64%, 500 rpm 62.30% y 900 rpm 59.91%.
Balance ácido-base y disolución de elementos potencialmente tóxicos para los jales mineros del Estado de Hidalgo
Authors: Juárez Tapia Julio C. , Ruiz Sánchez Ángel , Muñoz Hernández Erick J. , Gordillo Salazar Melissa , Alarcón Elvira Victoria , Reyes Pérez Martin
Published: October 2023

En este trabajo se cuantificó el balance ácido-base en muestras de jales mineros provenientes de la Presa Dos Carlos ubicada en el Estado de Hidalgo, así como la concentración de los elementos potencialmente tóxicos (EPT´s) disueltos en solución acuosa (pH=4.5) de ácido nítrico y sulfúrico. Los resultados de pH, potencial de neutralización (PN), potencial de acidez (PA) y Potencial de óxido reducción (ORP) fueron suficientes para determinar que los jales mineros localizados en el Estado de Hidalgo tienen un alto potencial generador de drenaje ácido, en particular la muestra M1 ubicada en las coordenadas geográficas  20°06'23.8"N 98°42'50.4"W, la cual necesita mayor atención debido a que presenta un importante grado de oxidación que se manifiesta en un pH de 4.5 para el extracto de una solución preparada  con100  g/L, un valor de PA de -6.5 kg de CaCO3/ton de jale minero y una disolución mayor a 10 mg/L de plomo a este valor de pH , lo que significa un riesgo para el medio ambiente debido a que en estas condiciones ocurre la disolución de plomo.
Evaluación y efecto de sinterizado sobre las propiedades de la ferrita de lantano-níquel
Authors: Téllez Ximena , Rivera Joel , Aguirre Julio , Rosales Omar , Bolarín Miró Ana María , Sánchez  De Jesús Félix
Published: October 2023

Se sintetizaron polvos de ferrita de lantano dopada con 0.3 mol de níquel (LaNi0.3Fe0.7O3) empleando molienda de alta energía, y se evaluó el efecto de la temperatura de sinterización sobre las propiedades dieléctricas y magnéticas. Mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX) se confirmó la exitosa obtención de LaFeO3 dopada con Ni de estructura ortorrómbica Pbnm sin la presencia de fases secundarias. Los análisis de magnetometría de muestra vibrante (MMV) muestran un comportamiento ferromagnético para la muestra sinterizada a 1073 K. El análisis de las propiedades dieléctricas mediante un equipo LCR muestra que la variación de la permitividad relativa y las pérdidas dieléctricas disminuyen significativamente a medida que aumentaba la frecuencia, mientras que la conductividad disminuye con respecto al incremento en la temperatura de sinterización, dicho comportamiento se atribuye a las distorsiones estructurales causadas por el Ni debido a la disminución de los ángulos de enlace Fe-O-Fe.
Obtención del composito TiO2 – Fe2O3 por mecanosíntesis y su uso en la fotodegradación de contaminantes orgánicos con luz solar
Authors: Estrada-Flores Sofía , Martínez-Luévanos Antonia , Aguilera-González Elsa Nadia
Published: October 2023

En este trabajo se investiga la obtención del composito TiO2-Fe2O3 por mecanosíntesis, usando óxido de titanio (TiO2), fase anatasa, y trióxido de hierro (Fe2O3), fase hematita, como precursores. También se investiga sobre el uso de este composito como fotocatalizador de la degradación de moléculas orgánicas utilizando luz solar natural. Por Difracción de rayos X y espectroscopía infrarroja se confirmó la formación del composito TiO2-Fe2O3. La caracterización de sus propiedades ópticas se realizó mediante espectroscopia de reflectancia difusa, mientras que su textura y morfología se investigó por la técnica BET y microscopia electrónica de barrido. Los resultados indicaron que el composito TiO2-Fe2O3 contiene grupos OH, los cuales junto con el valor de área superficial específica (66.59 m2·g-1) relativamente alto, su mesoporosidad, bajo valor del tamaño de cristalita y de la brecha energética prohibida, favorecieron su buena eficiencia fotocatalítica en la fotodegradación de azul de metileno (64.74%) y diclofenaco (81.85%) de soluciones acuosas.
TEKNIK PENANGANAN IKAN DI ATAS KAPAL PURSE SEINE DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN PANTAI (PPP) BAJOMULYO, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Sari Iya Purnama , Nawafil M. Idya An
Published: October 2023

Kapal purse seine menjadikan ikan pelagis kecil sebagai target tangkapan. Ikan pelagis kecil memiliki nilai jual tinggi, sehingga berdampak terhadap tingginya aktivitas penangkapan terhadap ikan tersebut. Hal ini menjadi dasar penting untuk mengetahui bagaimana teknik penanganan ikan tersebut di atas kapal agar diperoleh mutu dan kualitas ikan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknik penanganan ikan di atas kapal sebelum didaratkan di PPP Bajomulyo, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 6 bulan (Oktober 2022-Maret 2023) pada kapal KM. Mutiara Sejati. Metode dalam penelitian adalah wawancara dan partisipasi aktif, serta analisis data secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi ikan paling tinggi yaitu ikan layang dan layang benggol yang mencapai bobot masing-masing >14.000 kg. Tahapan dan proses penanganan ikan di atas kapal KM. Mutiara Sejati yaitu menaikkan ikan ke atas dek kapal, penyortiran ikan per jenis, pencucian ikan, pembekuan ikan, pengemasan ikan dan penyimpanan ikan.

Kata kunci: kapal purse seine, penanganan ikan
Back Matter
Authors: Biomedicine Current
Published: October 2023

https://doi.org/10.29244/currbiomed.1.2.v-xi
Inter-plot Competition in Manurial Experiments Among different Genotypes of Sorghum
Authors:   Assitant Professor & Instructor Agriculture Statistics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, M MURUGESAN , A AROKIA NAJ ,   Assitant Professor & Instructor Agriculture Statistics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The magnitude of border effect in sorghum manurial experiments and varietal cum manurial experiments were studied. In the manurial exporiment with CSH 5 sorghum the grain yield of first hordor row of an experimental plot without nitrogen was 33.8 per cent higher than the remaining rows when the adjacent plot received 100 kg N/ha. But in plots with 100 kg/ha adjacent to plots without nitrogen the grain yield of first border row was 35.0 per cent lower than the remaining rows. Different genotypes of sorghum under different nitrogen levels revealed that the border effect was significent on the first border row when the experimental plot of tall COH 2 was adjacent to modium CSH 5 or dwarf CSV 4. Though the yield difference of rows was not present. the entire plot yield of CSV 4 was significantly lower when the adjacent plot was grown with tall CQH 2 than medium CSH 5.
OBTENÇÃO DE MÓDULOS DE ELASTICIDADE RETROANALISADOS DE PAVIMENTO AEROPORTUÁRIO POR MEIO DOS SOFTWARES BACKCAP E BAKFAA
Authors: CHAVES JOSÉ WÉMENSON RABELO , MOTA GUSTAVO ANTONIO SOUSA PAZ E , Oliveira Francisco Heber Lacerda de
Published: October 2023

O dimensionamento de camada de reforço em pavimentos aeroportuários requer uma série de informações tais como os módulos de elasticidade de todas as camadas e do subleito.. Uma das formas de obtê-los é por meio do processo de retroanálise, usando bacias deflectométricas medidas, por exemplo, pelo Heavy Weight Deflectometer - HWD. No entanto, a falta de uma solução única é uma das desvantagens, já que diferentes softwares utilizam metodologias de cálculo distintas. Diante do exposto, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os valores de módulos de elasticidade obtidos pelos softwares BAKFAA e BackCAP para os materiais que compõem uma pista de pouso e decolagem brasileira. Para isso, foram utilizadas as bacias deflectométricas medidas pelo equipamento HWD com carga de impacto de 200 KN, nos of sets ±3m e ±6m a partir do eixo com espaçamento de 25 m, para obter-se os módulos de elasticidade. Os resultados mostraram que os módulos de elasticidade para as camadas de revestimento e de base apresentaram valores aproximados, mas com variações de amplitude entre os resultados. Para a sub-base e subleito, o BAKFAA estimou valores maiores em comparação com o BackCAP. Embora os softwares permitam a determinação do parâmetro de elasticidade, as divergências de valores podem dificultar a avaliação estrutural de pavimentos aeroportuários por parte de operadores de aeródromos e da autoridade de aviação civil.
Dynamic Monitoring of an old long concrete bridge
Authors: ORTIGAO ALBERTO
Published: October 2023

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de monitoramento dinâmico realizado na Ponte dos Papagaios, no Paraná, antiga estrutura de concreto armado com 458 m de extensão e uma altura máxima de 38 m. Essa obra foi construída há mais de 60 anos e as inspeções visuais claramente indicavam a necessidade de recuperação estrutural. O trabalho constou de medições de vibrações realizadas com acelerômetros ultra-sensíveis em posições selecionadas sobre a ponte. Este artigo abrange a análise dos dados, antes e depois de reparos, bem como resultados da análise modal global da estrutura. Um aspecto importante foi as medições realizadas na entrada da ponte antes e depois de reparos emergenciais, permitindo análise de coeficiente de impacto antes e depois dos reparos. Além disso, a análise do modelo numérico calibrado na frequência, levou à conclusões sobre o reforço estrutural necessário, ou seja, necessidade de reforco no tabuleiro e nos pilares. O reforco dos tabuleiros constou de aplicação de fibra de carbono. O lastro teve que ser retirado e o reforço aplicado. O reforço dos pilares foi muito mais simples que o esperado originalmente. As análises mostraram claramente que os pilares apresentavam falta de rigidez estrutural. Isso foi conseguido simplesmente reforçando em muitas posições ao longo da suas alturas, envolvendo-os com cantoneiras soldadas.
Clinically Observable Ocular Manifestations of Axonal Transport
Authors: Don Minckler , Ken Y Lin , Michael C Yang
Published: October 2023

This report illustrates and provides a novel explanation for post-trabeculectomy improvements in the visual field, cup disc contours, and apparent deepening of an arcuate nerve fiber layer (NFL) defect after trabeculectomy for open-angle glaucoma. These changes are all plausible manifestations of recovered axonal transport and thickening retina, previously thinned by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Serial pre-and post-operative clinical fundus photos in case 1(A,B) demonstrate increased prominence of an inferior temporal arcuate nerve fiber layer defect, improved cup disc ratio, and visual field following eye pressure lowering by + 50% after trabeculectomy. Case 2 (C,D) also demonstrates obvious cup disc improvement in post-operative photos with associated improvement in visual field after trabeculectomy and lowering IOP by + 30%. We suggest that elevated IOP suppresses primarily orthograde axonal transport resulting in nerve fiber layer (NFL) thinning that can recover back to normal thickness when IOP is surgically lowered by the magnitude achieved in these two examples.
The Effectiveness of Chromotherapy on Youth
Authors: Kriticka Acharjee
Published: October 2023

The majority of people view color therapy as an alternative therapy. It is a rather young field of study. There are a tonne of various elements in life that might affect your mood and mental health. It is proposed that colors and colored lighting can improve one’s physical or mental health. If you want to create a calm and clear workplace, it’s critical to understand how color influences your mood. The interaction between the human body and colors has been thoroughly explored in a variety of research. Despite the fact that color therapy has been used for thousands of years, people’s interest in it has grown more recently. Different body parts are related to different colors. These are the various energy centers’ inherent healing abilities. In today’s age of globalization, color therapy is one of the most well-liked complementary treatments used to affect people’s conduct and brains. In forensic psychology, color is a crucial element that helps to build our surroundings. Without color, our world would be lifeless and sad. It is essential to our built environment, especially for teenagers, people who are partially blind, adolescents, and those who, for one reason or another, feel confined and dissatisfied with their way of life. Our brains are programmed to focus on things that stand out from our surroundings in terms of color. Which qualities and traits we associate with a person are influenced by the color of her clothing. Depending on the context, it may be culturally prejudiced due to political movements or historical occurrences. This review clarified the significance of this therapy and its advancement in the field of psychology, raised awareness among today’s youth, and added a fresh perspective to this investigation.
Interconnection and Communication between Bone Marrow - The Central Immune System - And the Central Nervous System
Authors: Volker Schirrmacher
Published: October 2023

Bone marrow and the central nervous system are both protected by bone. The two systems are interconnected not only structurally but also functionally. In both systems specialized cells communicate through synapses. There exists a tridirectional communication within the neuroimmune network, including the hormonal system, the immune system, and the nervous system. Bone marrow is a priming site for T cell responses to blood-borne antigens including those from the central nervous system. In cases of auto (self) antigens, the responses lead to immune tolerance while in cases of neo (non-self) antigens, the responses lead to neoantigen-specific T cell activation, immune control, and finally to the generation of neoantigen-specific immunological memory. Bone marrow has an important function in the storage and maintenance of immunological memory. It is a multifunctional and very active cell-generating organ, constantly providing hematopoiesis and osteogenesis in finely-tuned homeostasis. Clinical perspectives include mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for tissue repair within the central nervous system.
Local Utilitarian Pottery at Ancient Corinth: Differences in Materials and Diachronic Changes
Authors: Adan-Bayewitz David , Slane Kathleen Warner , Asaro Frank
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: This article explores the chemical-element composition of a wide range of local domestic wares (late 6th century b.c. to early 4th century a.d.). Using instrumental neutron activation analysis and two statistical approaches, we examine whether function or date explains variations in the chemical groups we found and if they match their archaeological labels. The initial choice of ceramic pastes (cooking fabric or buff ware) relates to function, but within those main categories, vessel function did not affect grouping. Fabrics did vary with time. Such changes do not occur at the same time in the cooking and buff wares, nor do they correlate well with the political history of the city.
Profiling Insecticide Susceptibility of Aedes albopictus From Hot Springs in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Wan-Norafikah Othman , Hasani Narimah Abdul Hamid , Nabila Abu Bakar , Najibah Ibrahim , Nurjuani Abdul Hadi Hazirah , Masliana Muhamad , Aliah-Diyanah Sharifah , Alia-Yasmin Zakaria , Yasmin-Zafirah Ibrahim , Farah-Farhani Azhar , Azahari Abdul Hadi , Faiqah-Nadhirah Mazkamal , Nurul-Azira Mohd Shah
Published: October 2023

The present study establishes insecticide susceptibility profiles of Aedes albopictus adult populations from 4 hot springs in Selangor, Malaysia, against 7 pyrethroids through an adult mosquito susceptibility bioassay. All Ae. albopictus populations were subjected to a 1-h exposure to each pyrethroid following the World Health Organization. The mortalities were recorded at 60 min of exposure to bifenthrin, 30 min for other pyrethroids, and 24 h posttreatment for all pyrethroids. Complete mortalities were observed upon exposures to the pyrethroids under 60 min and at 24 h posttreatment, excluding permethrin 0.25%, alpha-cypermethrin 0.05%, and bifenthrin 0.2%. These findings indicated that permethrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, and etofenprox possess the recommended pyrethroid adulticide active ingredients that could be applied in vector control programs at these hot springs in the future. Nevertheless, the application of pyrethroids should be carefully monitored in rotation with other insecticide classes, including organophosphates and carbamates to avoid the development of insecticide resistance among mosquito vectors towards all insecticides. Although there were no reported cases of Aedes-borne pathogens at these hot springs to date, the current study results could still assist the Malaysian health authorities in determining approaches to control Aedes populations in these hot springs, if required in the future.
Comparative Activity and Efficacy of Sumilarv 0.5G and Altosid Xr Briquet Against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti in Simulated Catch Basins
Authors: Su Tianyun
Published: October 2023

Mosquito control plays a crucial role in the mitigation of mosquito-borne diseases. Larviciding that targets one of the aquatic stages is among the routine practices in mosquito control operations. One of the most extensive and challenging mosquito production sources in urban environments is underground storm drain systems. Along with the research and development of biorational larvicides in recent decades, numerous products based on microbial and insect growth regulators have become available. However, the performance of these products often varies because of product design and challenges associated with urban storm drain systems. This paper validates the comparative bioactivity and semifield efficacy of 2 control release products based on pyriproxyfen and S-methoprene. In laboratory bioassays, pyriproxyfen was significantly more active than S-methoprene against the test species, Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti (L.). Culex quinquefasciatus was less susceptible than Ae. aegypti to both test materials. During a 26-wk-long semifield evaluation using the cast concrete simulated catch basins, the inhibition of emergence pretreatment and posttreatment in untreated control was negligible. The Sumilarv 0.5G applied at 75 g per catch basin provided 100% IE, whereas the Altosid XR briquet applied at 1 per catch basin yielded only partial control fluctuating from 12.7% to 82.7% (average 40.7%) of Cx. quinquefasciatus and 8.0% to 78.8% (average 37.4%) of Ae. aegypti. The Altosid XR briquet had an average residual weight of 59.9% at the end of semifield evaluation. Results are discussed in relation to field mosquito control operations in urban storm drain systems.
An Inexpensive System to Investigate the Daily Rhythms of Insects
Authors: Montenegro Vilma M. , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D.
Published: October 2023

Insects’ daily rhythms occur in response to their surrounding environment. Recognizing the daily rhythms of pathogen vectors can be helpful in developing effective, safe, and sustainable management strategies to control vector insects and reduce the spread of pathogens. However, studying the daily rhythm of insects often requires costly or labor-intensive trapping, and few tools are available to quantify daily rhythms in the field. We developed a simple collection system to study the flight activity of mosquitoes and biting midges using a contained, programmable, rotating, automatic pet feeder. A diverse assemblage of nuisance and vector species were collected with our system, including mosquitoes of the genera Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, and Deinocerites and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) such as the coastal pest Culicoides furens. Surprisingly, mosquitoes and biting midges were less active during crepuscular periods (1800-2100h; 0600-0900h) than during dark periods (2100h-2400h; 0300h-0600h). A number of urban and agricultural pest insects were captured, including Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera and Lepidoptera. This study shows that relatively inexpensive products can be adapted to study the daily rhythms of flying vectors and nuisance arthropods, with implications for vector-borne disease transmission and control. The collection system could also be used with flight intercept or pitfall traps, permitting study of the circadian activity patterns of a diverse array of arthropods.
Phytochemicals, acute toxicities and actual median lethal doses (actual LD50) of Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum given singly and in combination via mice models
Authors: Peter Chibueze Ihekwereme  , Rose Ngozi Asomugha  , Sonne Ikechukwu Mbagwu  , Daniel Ikechukwu Oraekei  , Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku
Published: October 2023

Phytochemicals are substances produced mainly by plants which are very important due to their biological and pharmacological activities. The pharmacological effects of these components range from the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections to the treatment of chronic-degenerative diseases such as diabetes and cancer. Mice were used for assessing the acute toxicities; studies usually conducted to evaluate the effects of a single substance. Each animal receives a single dose of the test substance but repeated doses may be administered provide all doses are administered within 24 hours. This study is aimed at assessing the phytochemical components, acute toxicities and actual Mean Lethal Doses (actual LD50) of Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum when administered separately and in combination. Both the phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity testing were done using standard methods with slight modification of the acute toxicity method which led to obtaining the actual LD50 for the tested samples and minimizing the number of study animals used. The phytoconstituents of Zingiber officinale were alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids and those of Allium sativum were alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and glycosides. The actual lethal doses of Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and combination of the two were 8,660, 4,472, and 5,477 mg/kg body weight respectively. In conclusion, Zingiber officinale was practically none toxic while Allium sativum had slight toxicity which was ameliorated when the two herbs were administered together. Thus, rendering the combination of the two herbs safe, as evident in the actual LD50 being raised to 5,477 mg/kg body weight.
Efficiency Hypothesis Testing in an e-Procurement Implementation Assessment Model Framework: A Case Study of Bangladesh's Roads and Highways Division
Authors: Md. Abdur Rashid  , Mohammad Shorif Uddin
Published: October 2023

In 2011, the e-Government Procurement (e-GP) guideline 2011 is adopted to start electronic procurement in public sector. However, since the e-GP system was first implemented, a great deal of investigations or analyses have not been conducted to determine how well its tender efficiency measured. This research aims to investigate the essential variables that contribute to the successful implementation of an electronic procurement system in Bangladesh. Another goal is to identify e-procurement implementation issues and build an efficient e-procurement implementation assessment model. Survey questionnaires were employed to collect data from eleven Roads and Highways Division (RHD) zones as a population. The study sample size of the bidders was 139. Hypothesis test has been done choosing MLR model of SPSS software. Efficiency was one of the eight hypothesis tests in the study. Findings proved that model was fit. The article helps readers comprehend the key elements that could affect the efficiency of public procurement. By attaining efficiency in public procurement, the study promises a significant contribution to saving public money.
Factors associated with compliance payments patient social assurance administrative agency of health independent participants in the hospital Kendari city southeast Sulawesi province Indonesia, 2023
Authors: Rahman  , Ruslan Majid  , Lade Albar Kalza  , Putu Eka Meiyana Erawan  , Laode Ahmad Saktiansyah  , Kamrin  , Farit Rezal  , Muhammad Al Rajab
Published: October 2023

Background: Health is a human right that must be fulfilled by every country. Therefore, the Indonesian government guarantees quality health services through the implementation of national health insurance as a global commitment for every country to implement universal health coverage. In Indonesia, the number of participants in the health social assurance administration agency reached 248.77 million people or the equivalent of 90.73% of the entire population of Indonesia which was recorded at 274.20 million people. Southeast Sulawesi has a total of 8,071,716 health social assurance administration agency participants, while in Kendari City the number of participants from the health social security administration body reached 67,375 as of August 2023. However, health social assurance administration agency membership is not followed by the level of compliance of health social assurance administration agency participants in paying contributions. Method: The type of research used is descriptive quantitative with a cross sectional study approach. The total sample was 505 respondents with sampling methods, namely accidental sampling and purposive sampling. The independent variables are knowledge and sanctions, while the dependent variable is compliance with paying contributions. Data analysis uses bivariate analysis with the unit of analysis, namely the chi-square test with SPSS. Result: The results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and compliance with paying health social assurance administration agency. The results of statistical tests using the chi-square test obtained a p-value = 0.000 < 0.05. Meanwhile, there is no relationship between sanctions and compliance with paying health social assurance administration agency. The results of statistical tests using the chi-square test obtained a p-value = 0.541 > 0.05. Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge and compliance with paying health social assurance administration agency independent participant and there is no relationship between sanctions and compliance with paying health social assurance administration agency independent participant in hospitals throughout Kendari City. Therefore, health social assurance administration agency needs to collaborate with all stakeholders involved to increase socialization so that health social assurance administration agency independent participant membership achievements are directly proportional to compliance with paying contributions, because this can indirectly affect health services.
UPAYA PENURUNAN ANSIETAS PADA MASYARAKAT TERHADAP VARIAN BARU COVID-19 DENGAN PEMBERIAN TERAPI HOPNOSIS LIMA DI DESA JATI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Lidiana Exda Hanung , Hartutik Sri , Mustikasari Hanif
Published: October 2023

Ansietas adalah perasaan takut akan sesuatu terjadi yang disebabkan oleh antisipasi terhadap bahaya dan merupakan sinyal yang membantu individu untuk bersiap mengambil tindakan terhadap ancaman. Pengaruh tuntutan, persaingan, dan bencana yang terjadi dalam kehidupan dapat berdampak pada kesehatan fisik dan psikis. Terapi hipnosis lima jari memungkinkan pasien untuk mengontrol rasa sakit, stres fisiologis dan emosional. Seseorang dapat kembali belajar merasakan peristiwa-peristiwa dalam hidupnya yang menyenangkan melalui gambar-gambar yang disajikan kembali. Seseorang yang telah dihipnotis akan merasakan tingkat relaksasi yang tinggi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pendidikan dan pelatihan kesehatan, Upaya Mengurangi Kecemasan Masyarakat Terhadap Varian Baru COVID-19 Dengan Pemberian Terapi Five-Hopnosis di Desa Jati Kecamatan Jaten Kabupaten Karanganyar dan dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret – Mei 2022. hasil evaluasi setelah penyuluhan sebagian besar peserta memahami permasalahan yang dihadapi. Terjadi perubahan penurunan tingkat kecemasan, sebelumnya tingkat kecemasan responden ringan (45%), sedang (36%) dan berat (18%), kemudian setelah penyuluhan terjadi perubahan tingkat sedang kecemasan (40%), tidak ada kecemasan sebanyak (37%) dan ringan (23%). Kesimpulannya terdapat penurunan tingkat kecemasan masyarakat yang signifikan setelah dilakukan terapi hipnotis lima jari.

 

Kata kunci: Ansietas; Hipnosis Lima Jari;Covid-19