bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuously variable hydrovolumetric mechanical gearbox for 220-240 hp tractors
Authors: Samorodov V. B , Kalinin S. V , Zabelyshinskiy Z. E , Shuba S. A , Derkach O. I
Published: April 2022

An original continuously variable two-engine hydrovolumetric mechanical gearbox with ГСТ-112 hydraulic units for wheeled tractor with breaking frame (of ХТЗ-220 class) and 220-240 hp motor is presented. It ensures tractor operation in four velocity ranges with continuously velocity variation in the limits of every range.
Performance characteristics of an adaptive friction clutch of 2nd generation with separate force-closure
Authors: Shishkariov M. P , Luschik A. A
Published: April 2022

Load-carrying capacity of an adaptive friction clutch of 2nd generation with separate force-closure is estimated. Relationship between the force of friction clusters closure and the accuracy of operation is revealed.
Impact of the operational factors on lubrication conditions of crankshaft bearings of motor and tractor engines
Authors: Makushin A. A , Barylnikova Ye. P
Published: April 2022

Results of experimental researches of operating conditions alterations of combustion engine crankshaft bearings are given. They can be exploited for engine lubricating system perfection and for development of engine diagnosis system.
Characteristics of a linear electric drive on the base of asynchronous motor with various frequency winding power supply
Authors: Litvin V. I , Khromov Ye. V
Published: April 2022

Effect of different parameters on operation of linear electric drive on the base of linear asynchronous motor with various frequencies winding power supply was under study. Findings of investigation are given.
Optimization of parameters of a maize harvester snapping unit
Authors: Saprykin V. Yu
Published: April 2022

Effect of kinematic and geometric parameters of a snapping unit equipped with new plates and lags of chains on the quality indices of maize ears detaching have been studied.
Calculation of bearing capacity of shafts and their joints under comparative corrosive tests
Authors: Chibukhchyan S. S , Stakyan M. G
Published: April 2022

Results of comparative corrosion fatigue tests are examined. The steel shafts of transmission gears under single and combined action of some factors (loading conditions, stress concentration, pH of the environment, polymer coating) were under study. Equations and nomograms of relative strength and durability coefficients for the probabilistic assessment of bearing capacity of mentioned parts in the field of high-cycle fatigue are given.
Increasing the wear resistance of aluminium alloy parts with the use of coatings modified with CuO nano-powder
Authors: Kolomeychenko A. V , Kozlov A. V
Published: April 2022

Coatings formed by microarc oxidation and modified by copper oxide nano-powder, as well as microhardness and thickness of coatings have been investigated. Findings of the investigation and results of comparative wear resistance tests are given.
Calculation of grain mill characteristics for mobile compound feeds aggregates
Authors: Klychev Ye. M , Reznik Ye. I , Bestayev L. Z
Published: April 2022

Components of calculation of a two-rolling grain mill as more effective replacement assembly for mobile compound feeds aggregates instead of grain crushers are examined.
Features of quality engineering of construction manufacturability of tractive and transport vehicles
Authors: Didmanidze O. N , Leonov O. A , Legeza G. V , Sapozhnikov I. I
Published: April 2022

Effect of construction manufacturability development of tractive and transport vehicles in projecting period on preparation for manufacture time-frames as well as on their quality and competitiveness in WTO conditions was examined.
Methods of diagnostics of nonadjustable axial-piston hydraulic machines
Authors: Soloviov R. Yu , Kapustkin A. O , Makarkin I. M
Published: April 2022

Methods and means of diagnostics of axial-piston hydraulic machines are briefly analyzed. Assumptions of decreasing the driving power of failure-detecting stands are stated.
Optimal operation modes of a soil-cultivating and sowing unit
Authors: Akhmadov B. R , Khodzhiyev B. B
Published: April 2022

Evaluation indicators of operating efficiency and balanced system of operational indices of machine-tractor units are substantiated. Optimal operational indices and degrees of their realization for a soil-cultivating and sowing unit are given.
Probabilistic assessment of indicators of shafts and their joints corrosive fatigue resistance
Authors: Chibukhchyan S. S , Stakyan M. G
Published: April 2022

Results of fatigue tests of steel 45 samples in the air and in corrosive mediums simulating the atmospheric exposure on shafts and their joints are examined. Functions of corrosion coefficients are suggested and nomograms for the application of these coefficients’ probabilistic values in improved calculations of corrosive fatigue resistance of constructive elements are drawn.
Hydraulic drive diagnostics in functional mode
Authors: Loschionov P. Yu
Published: April 2022

A method of timber machines’ hydraulic drives diagnostics by the parameters of hydro-percussion actions is presented.
A differential method of the hydromechanical transmissions friction clutches diagnostics
Authors: Moshkin N. I , Alekseyev A. V , Alekseyev V. M
Published: April 2022

A new method of hydromechanical transmission friction clutches diagnostics is suggested. Results of theoretical research were confirmed experimentally. Algorithm of technical state estimation of hydromechanical transmission friction clutches in bench tests conditions is given.
Laser treatment of composite electrochemical coatings
Authors: Guryanov G. V , Kisel Yu. Ye
Published: April 2022

Results of investigation of laser treatment effect on some mechanical properties of composite electrochemical coatings on the base of iron containing dispersal boron carbide inclusion are given. It was shown that thermal treatment leads to changes of composites microstructure and coatings wear resistance increase.
Equipment for animal farming presented at the «AgroFarm-2013» exhibition
Authors: Burenko L. A , Filippova Ye. M , Kazakova V. A
Published: April 2022

Exhibits of the AgroFarm-2013 International Exhibition are analyzed, as well as developments of All-Russian Research Institute of Repair and Maintenance of Machine and Tractor Fleet in the field of safety production control, technical maintenance and equipment repair in animal farming.
Key deterioration factors of hydrostatic bearings of the axial-piston hydraulic machines
Authors: Baryshev V. I , Panov V. V
Published: April 2022

Formation of porous stoppers in delivery capillaries of hydrostatic bearings and their obliteration are substantiated as secondary factors of bearings deterioration under the impact of working fluids contaminations. Findings of the laboratory investigations are given.
Constructional characteristic of a scraping transporter designed for sugar beet mother plants taking from bunker
Authors: Yemelyanov P. A , Ovtov V. A
Published: April 2022

Results of theoretical end experimental investigations of a scraping transporter for sugar beet mother plants taking from bunker are given.
Comparative efficiency of a cereal crops harvest energy-saving technology with the use of multifunctional aggregates
Authors: Palapin A. V
Published: April 2022

Results of comparative estimation of suggested grain crops integrated harvest technology with the use of multifunctional aggregates are given. Power expenditures, labour costs, specific quantity of metal and fuel consumption were used as efficiency indicators.
Mathematical modeling during the reversing grain drying
Authors: Pavlov S. A , Golubkovich A. V , Marin R. A
Published: April 2022

Heat transfer during the reversing drying is considered as a heat exchange in cross multipass heat exchanger between two heat carriers.
Preventive diagnostics of grain combines
Authors: Zyabirov I. M , Zyabirova V. I
Published: April 2022

Data of grain combines failures and troubles analysis for the purpose of mechanisms technical state characterization by means of vibroacoustic diagnostics method are presented.
Experimental determination of leaking into drainage cavity of axial piston motors
Authors: Makarkin I. M , Kapustkin A. O
Published: April 2022

Diagnostic testing of axial piston motor by the method of counting of leaking into drainage cavity under different pressure load was described.
A method of characterization of resource distribution law of high-pressure fuel pump under bench tests using MathCAD software
Authors: Solomashkin A. A , Aleksandrov V. A
Published: April 2022

A determination procedure of parameters of resource distribution law of fuel pumps under bench tests is suggested.
State and trends of development of the tractor industry for Russian forest complex
Authors: Bartenev I. M , Drapalyuk M. V
Published: April 2022

Problems and trends of development of domestic tractor industry supplying the forest complex are considered.
A new technology of seeds plowing down
Authors: Gorbachiov S. P , Rudenko N. Ye
Published: April 2022

Soil density of a furrow bottom after seeds embedding during the sowing is determined theoretically.
A semi-automatic device for the adjusting of approach angle of disk header’s tools
Authors: Gorshkov Yu. G , Voynov V. N , Kalugin A. A
Published: April 2022

Justification of construction of a semi-automatic adjuster of the approach angle of disk header’s tools is presented. It significantly reduces the regulation time and energy consumption for soil tillage in compliance with agricultural requirements.
Use of combined tools in small-sized self-propelled tillers
Authors: Surin Ye. V , Naumkin N. I , Kupryashkin V. F , Chatkin M. N , Bezrukov A. V
Published: April 2022

Necessity of use of combined tools for small-sized tillers is grounded. Essential and sufficient terms of their combining are formulated.
Recording system for the investigation of slipping and efficiency coefficient of differential gear and wheeled mover
Authors: Gorshkov Yu. G , Chetyrkin Yu. B , Kalugin A. A
Published: April 2022

A research technique of slipping and efficiency coefficient of differential gear and wheeled movers used in agriculture is given. A construction of recording system is proposed.
Analysis of influence of machine-tractor unit completing quality on its movement dynamics
Authors: Roslavtsev A. V , Sapozhnikov I. I
Published: April 2022

The influence of changing load on machine-tractor unit movement is examined. The unit is considered as a dynamic system consisting of invariable components which are perfectly rigid bodies and connections between them are considered to be absolutely rigid or elastic viscous.
Efficiency of power part transfer to rotary working organs
Authors: Nikitin A. F
Published: April 2022

Power inputs reasonability of power part transfer in a mobile tractive agricultural aggregate directly to rotary working organs, for example to disk digging tools of abeet harvesting machine, was investigated. The indicator under study was evaluated by efficiency coefficient of energy transformation.
Classification of mechanization means of tools for seeds plowing down
Authors: Yemelyanov P. A , Aksionov A. G , Sibiriov A. V
Published: April 2022

Results of patent and technical analysis of current tools for seeds plowing down of seeders and planters are given. Their basic highs and lows are reflected. Classification of plowing tools for onion seeders is compiled, trends of their development are projected.
A mathematical model of threaded connections of agricultural machines taking into account the compliance of connected parts
Authors: Yegozhev A. M
Published: April 2022

To increase the uniformity of cross load distribution in fixing details of group threaded connections of working organs’ parts of agricultural machinery a mathematical model was developed taking into account the compliance of connected parts.
Mathematical modeling of grain harvesting combines fleet in a farm
Authors: Pyanov V. S
Published: April 2022

A mathematical model of estimation of technical and economical characteristics of work of combine fleet in a farm is stated. Efficiency of large-scale farms and using of high-performance combines are revealed as well as conditions of their optimal using. A nomogram for the calculation of different characteristics of combine fleet in a farm is given.
Ensuring the technological process stability of a helical mixer-spreader for mineral fertilizers
Authors: Ponomarenko I. G , Alkerem M. M
Published: April 2022

Results of analysis of technological process of mineral fertilizers mixes entering by a spiral-screw mixer-spreader are given. It was shown that deviation of separate systems of mixer-spreader from optimal performance ratio affects on fertilizer distributor operation and disturbs the quality indexes of its performance. Further research guidelines are projected.
Universal testing and diagnostic equipment for repair shops
Authors: Petrischev N. A , Sayapin S. N
Published: April 2022

New universal testing and diagnostic equipment for the quality control of repair, adjustment and running-in of hydraulic drive aggregates and transmissions for tractors, vehicles and agricultural machines is presented.
Findings of experiments on motor cultivator vibration
Authors: Podrubalov V. K , Podrubalov M. V , Schetinin Yu. S , Sheveliov A. S
Published: April 2022

Findings of investigation of vibration loading of a motor cultivator are given. The cultivator was tested as a part of transport and soil cultivating aggregates on artificial track, concrete road and fertilized soil. Level of vibration on operator seat and on steering wheel in dependence on different tire types, different inner air pressure in the tires and speeds was compared to standards.
Ways to increase the durability of ГСТ-90 volumetric fluid power drive
Authors: Burumkulov F. Kh , Ionov P. A , Galin D. A , Zemskov A. M
Published: April 2022

Basic causes of resource failure of the ГСТ-90 volumetric fluid power drive are established and some ways to improve the reliability of hydrostatic transmissions are revealed.
Influence of residual stresses on the precision of crawler tracks’ hollow fingers under high-temperature thermomechanical treatment with deformation by screw cogging
Authors: Dementyev V. B , Zasypkin A. D
Published: April 2022

Residual stresses formed under screw cogging deformation in the high-temperature thermomechanical treatment mode were considered. They facilitate the increase of hot-rolled metal pipe precision up to precision level of cold-calibrated rolled metal by outside diameter.
Improvement of effective indicators of tractor diesel engine by the use of compressed natural gas and exhaust gas recirculation, methanol and ethanol fuel emulsions
Authors: Likhanov V. A , Lopatin O. P
Published: April 2022

In order to determine and optimize the main parameters of tractor diesel engine, the influence of using of compressed natural gas, exhaust gas recirculation, methanol and ethanol fuel emulsions on effective indicators of diesel engine is investigated.
Recovery of spindle units by polymer composites
Authors: Yefanov S. A , Kotin A. V , Fedchenko V. Yu
Published: April 2022

Different ways to increase the durability of restored fixed joints of bearing assemblies’ parts with polymer composites are analyzed.
Improvement of energy efficiency of alternative fuels
Authors: Fomin V. M , Apelinskiy D. V
Published: April 2022

A new approach to improvement of energy efficiency of alternative fuels in diesel engines on the basis of thermochemical heat recovery of exhaust gases is developed.
Innovative row crop cultivator
Authors: Rudenko N. Ye , Gorbachev S. P , Rudenko V. N
Published: April 2022

The article proposes a cultivator hoeing the soil and combing the weeds in protection zones of plants, performing various process operations without additional set of working organs.
Method for parameters substantiation of deflector of single-drum stripper header
Authors: Buryanov M. A , Buryanov A. I , Kostylenko O. A
Published: April 2022

The article proposes a method for parameters substantiation of deflector of stripper header, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of standing crops.
Substantiation of parameters of device for cabbage heads dispatch into vehicle body
Authors: Alatyrev S. S , Grigoryev A. O , Alatyrev A. S
Published: April 2022

Design of a device for cabbage harvester intended for laying of cabbage heads into vehicle body is described; basic parameters of the device are substantiated.
Impact of cold gas-dynamic spraying operating modes on the coefficient of utilization of powder stuff
Authors: Senin P. V , Rakov N. V , Makeykin A. M
Published: April 2022

Results of multivariate experiment on the impact of technological regimes of cold gas-dynamic spraying (CGDS) on the powder material utilization are given. Presented mathematical model of the process is the basis for the choice of rational regimes of CGDS in restoring of worn surfaces of parts.
Theoretical and experimental determination of tractive resistance of a rope and roller cultivator
Authors: Polikutin N. G , Telichkina N. A
Published: April 2022

Diagrams of forces acting on rope and roller working organs of the cultivator are given. Theoretical substantiation and formulas for determination of tractive resistance of working organs of the device are presented. Experimental results of determination of energy indicators of device performance, as well as comparative evaluation of theoretical and experimental data are brought.
Steering system of universal all-wheel steer tractor
Authors: Kozlov D. G , Durmanov A. S
Published: April 2022

The article presents the theoretical substantiation of new steering system and the kinematic analysis of steering gear mechanisms of the ЛТЗ-155 tractor.
Test bench for full-scale specimens of sintered polymer friction disks and metallic counterbodies
Authors: Saroka D. I , Rogovoy A. N , Leshok A. V
Published: April 2022

Test bench for friction disks has been developed. It allows to investigate tribotechnical properties of material of full-scale specimens and to estimate the effect of friction material components on tribotechnical properties.
Agrotechnical evaluation of performance of straw choppers and spreaders of combine harvesters during straight cutting of crops
Authors: Sadretdinov D. R , Iksanov Sh. S
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of investigation of qualitative indicators of straw chopping by combine harvesters under various operation modes.
Cold extrusion of hollow eccentric workpiece for high-pressure pump of diesel engine
Authors: Filippov Yu. K , Zaytsev A. G
Published: April 2022

Technological process of extrusion of hollow eccentric workpiece for high-pressure pump of diesel engine is investigated. Extrusion process with various sizes of eccentric head is simulated by means of QForm 2D finite element system.
Engine power of cotton growing universal tractor of 4×4 axle configuration and 2 tractive class
Authors: Osipov O. S , Kambarov B. A
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of studies for substantiation of operating power of universal wheeled tractor of 2 tractive class for working in cotton growing with wide-cut seeders and cultivators.
Influence of composition of water-biofuel emulsion on diesel engine performance
Authors: Markov V. A , Devyanin S. N , Nagornov S. A , Levina Ye. Yu
Published: April 2022

Experimental investigation of Д-245.12С diesel engine operating on water-biofuel emulsions of different composition has been conducted. Possibility of performance improvement with the use of water-biofuel emulsions as a fuel for diesel engines is shown.
Increasing soil compacting impact by roller of a combined machine for preplanting cultivation
Authors: Akhmetov A. A
Published: April 2022

For the purpose of determination of effective design of roller loading device, the researches of its various embodiments are carried out. It is found that maximum roller’s performance is obtained when force created by loading device applies on the opposite side of roller in relation to suspension point of traction bar and when work driver is located vertically.
Theoretical bases of bale formation by round balers
Authors: Chernikov V. G , Perov G. A , Romanenko V. Yu
Published: April 2022

The results of theoretical and experimental studies of formation of flax straw bales by round balers are presented.
Determination of performance indicators of machine-tractor unit by tractor characteristic with a sector of constant tractive power
Authors: Eviyev V. A , Bukadzhinov P. V , Ochirov N. G
Published: April 2022

The article assesses the impact of variable load on energy and technical-economic indicators of machine-tractor unit. Dependencies have been obtained with the assumption that there is a sector of constant tractive power on tractive characteristic of a tractor.
Analysis of technical quality control of agricultural engineering small-scale mechanization means of 0,2 tractive class
Authors: Devyanin S. N , Sapozhnikov I. I
Published: April 2022

Technical level of design elements of small-scale mechanization means that determines the quality of agricultural engineering machines is investigated.
Investigation of ageing process of hydraulic oils and its mathematical description
Authors: Kireyev I. R , Sharafiyev R. G , Yerofeyev V. V , Legotin A. P
Published: April 2022

Method and device for monitoring and diagnosing the quality of engine and hydraulic oils are proposed. This aim is attained on the assumption that main quality parameters of engine and hydraulic oils are the alkali or acid number and the content of mechanical impurities.
Analysis and statement of problem of cylinder oil supply in four-stroke piston engine
Authors: Putintsev S. V
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with the problem of lube oil supply to the parts of cylinder-piston unit of four-stroke internal combustion engine. The results pointing out an abnormal (non-uniform) character of motor oil distribution on cylinder wall sides taking the lateral force of piston are presented. The paper in general terms formulates the problem, the solving of which will allow to get a more adequate idea of cylinder oil supply and offer on this basis the technical solutions for improvement of this process.
Analysis of factors influencing on the efficiency of functioning of tractor fleet of the north region of Kazakhstan
Authors: Bobkov S. I
Published: April 2022

The article presents the analysis of factors which must be considered when calculating the cumulative costs for substantiation of composition of tractor fleet of the north region of Kazakhstan.
Analysis of market of row-crop cultivators
Authors: Fomenko D. S , Nesmiyan A. Yu
Published: April 2022

The row crops occupy a prominent position in agriculture. For example, in the Rostov Region nearly 25% of the acreage annually is under row crops. One of the features of cultivation of row crops is the possibility of mechanical weed control after emergence of seedlings. Mechanical inter-row cultivation could not be substituted for the chemical one, because the first gives rise to a loose mulch layer on the soil surface that contributes to the accumulation of soil moisture. This is particularly important for arid areas of agriculture, including the North Caucasus and Lower Volga Region. Among other things, mechanical cultivation is much more environmentally friendly than chemical one. There is a large number of row-crop cultivators of both domestic and foreign manufacture in the Russian market. The purpose of the study is to identify the main trends in the manufacture of row-crop cultivators that are typical for global enterprises of agricultural machinery industry. With the aim of a qualitative assessment of domestic and foreign brands of row-crop cultivators, the paper analyzes the technical parameters of the most common samples in the market of the South of Russia. The study reveals that in their design domestic and foreign row-crop cultivators differ from each other slightly, mostly only in the width of rows. On all of the considered row-crop cultivators, the parallelogram suspensions of working organs are used. Their basic designs are identical for nearly all machines: the main working organs are the A-hoe blades with different grasp width. The motion speed of the unit lies in the range of 5-10 km/h and depends on the type of working organs and landscape conditions. Weight of fertilizer distributing system in row-crop cultivator is 11-16% of the total weight of the machine, while the specific weight of Russian cultivator is 1.35 times larger than the imported one, which is due to the use of lighter and stronger materials in the manufacture of imported cultivators.
Mathematical modeling of evaporation of rape oil and ethanol in combustion chamber of diesel engine
Authors: Likhanov V. A , Romanov S. A , Araslanov M. I , Kozlov A. N , Suvorov A. N
Published: April 2022

The fuel evaporation in combustion chamber of diesel engine is decisive for the subsequent destruction of fuel molecules. The evaporation process in combustion chamber of diesel engine operating on alternative fuels is understudied. The paper is devoted to the theoretical study of evaporation process of ethanol and rape oil in combustion chamber of diesel engine. It is assumed that fuel spray consists of a great number of identical droplets. The diameter of these theoretical droplets is equal to the average volume diameter of real droplets. A mathematical model given in the paper takes into account the physical characteristics of fuel, design features of sprayer, temperature and pressure of gases in combustion chamber. The engine performance (temperature and gas pressure in combustion chamber) has been determined on a test bench in the Vyatka State Agricultural Academy. The engine worked on rape oil and ethanol with the use of binary system of fuel supply. The paper presents the results of theoretical calculations of evaporation of rape oil and ethanol in combustion chamber.
Innovative agro-engineering solutions in design of drills for sugar and fodder beet
Authors: Mikheyev V. V , Kusova N. I , Savelyeva M. S , Goncharov N. T , Grishin A. A
Published: April 2022

Technical level of precision seed drills for sugar and fodder beet is analyzed. Faults in their design and technology such as non-uniformity of seeding and seed germination, unsatisfactory process reliability are revealed. For the purpose of faults removal, it is proposed to equip drills additionally with new working organs.
String module cultivator for surface tillage
Authors: Rudenko N. Ye , Kayvanov S. D , Kalugin D. S , Zavyalik F. N
Published: April 2022

A string modular cultivator has been developed. It provides surface tillage at the depth of 0,02-0,03 m. Such tillage is necessary before sowing small-seeded crops such as beet, rapeseed, onion, carrot, tomato and so on. The cultivator can be used in cultivation of fallow lands because it ensures soil moisture preservation and prevents bringing of moist soil to the surface.
Improvement of machinery for tuberous roots harvesting
Authors: Toshboltayev M. T , Norchayev Zh. R
Published: April 2022

The article presents the design of experimental digger for tuberous roots, describes its features and operational principle. The basic data and results of experimental researches of the digger are given.
Improvement of working fluid preparing device of a seed treater
Authors: Vyalykh V. A , Burmistrov A. N
Published: April 2022

Experimental prototype of two-section working fluid preparing device for serial mobile seed treaters has been developed. It is mounted with four-section filling neck and elastic inner tank, and it is capable of running in continuous mode during working shift.
Impact of turbocharging on the startability of diesel engines in winter
Authors: Krokhta G. M , Khomchenko E. N , Usatykh N. A
Published: April 2022

The article explores the startability of diesel engine with and without turbocharger under cold conditions. It is known that under subzero temperatures typical for many regions of Russia, the startability of diesel engines is significantly deteriorated. The aim of research is to study the impact of supercharger on startability of diesel engines. In the process of experimental researches by means of light-beam oscillograph, the indices characterizing the starting sequence have been received, namely: rotational frequencies of crankshaft and turbocharger rotor, air output, time of starting, cylinder pressure. It is found that the startability of engine with supercharger conforms to the state standard requirements at the temperature of 8 degrees C below zero, whereas the startability of engine without supercharger conforms to these requirements at 12 degrees C below zero. The starting time of turbocharged engine is extended due to the resistance in inlet line, that leads to increase of inlet manifold vacuum, to decrease of final compression pressure and therefore to decrease of maximum cylinder pressure. The article determines the operation modes of turbocharger at the starting time and at post-launch warm-up. It is found that operating in these modes leads to the shortage of oil in turbocharger bearing under cold conditions. The research has shown that turbocharger mounted on the engine causes the significant reducing of delivery ratio, and therefore the deterioration of startability. Sustainable startability is possible with installation of circulation valve on engine inlet manifold or compressor, and also with use of turbocharger that can be switched off. It is found that turbocharger can operate in the mode of oil starvation at the beginning of post-launch warm-up under cold conditions. In order to reduce the wear of sleeve-shaft coupling, it is recommended to change the current scheme of oil filling or the design of turbocharger to provide oil inlet directly to turbocharger bearings in the moment of starter switching-on.
Influence of measurement errors on the results of grading during inspection of machine parts
Authors: Shkaruba N. Zh
Published: April 2022

The features of occurrence of control errors of the first and second kinds during inspection of machine parts in maintenance service are considered. New approach to the assessment of influence of measurement errors on the results of grading during inspection of machine parts is proposed. On the basis of the proposed approach, the parametrization of grading during inspection of machine parts is determined. The analysis of the obtained results is performed.
Comparative evaluation of energy efficiency of ploughing units on the basis of tractors with diesel and gas-turbine engines
Authors: Shkrabak V. S , Dzhabborov N. I , Shkrabak R. V , Fedkin D. S
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the efficiency of energy costs for technological process of ploughing units on the basis of the serial tractor (K-701), the gas-turbine engined one (K-701 Turbo) and the ПЛН-9-35 plough.
Motion control of a wheeled tractor with the use of satellite navigation systems
Authors: Poddubny V. I , Pavlyuk A. S , Shaposhnikov Yu. A , Kovalev I. M
Published: April 2022

The article presents a developed electromechanical motion control system for wheeled tractors using GPS and GLONASS satellite navigation systems, a transmission system of differential corrections of the satellite signal, the results of laboratory and field tests of the control system.
Implements for embedding of green manure into the surface soil in organic farming technology
Authors: Astaf'ev V. L , Bobkov S. I , Aleksentsev K. I
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the ways of embedding of green manure into soil; it describes the design and technological schemes of implements which can be used in organic farming technology for realization of these ways. The purpose of the research is to develop the implements for embedding of stubble remains and green manure into the surface soil, which will increase the productivity and provide proper quality of technological process. It is an actual problem at present, when the use of stubble remains and green manure with other factors gives wide range of opportunities to increase the soil fertility. Theoretical and experimental methods used in the research are based on application of the fundamentals of agricultural mechanics, the theory of agricultural machines and measurement methods regulated by standards. The article presents the results of theoretical research that substantiates the design and technological schemes of two implements. The first implement is intended for plants shredding and mulch forming on the surface of soil; the second one is for shredding of green manure and stubble remains and their embedding into the surface soil. The parameters of compacting roller with shredding elements that is a basic working organ of both implements are substantiated. The results of experimental researches are presented; they confirm the results of theoretical research on substantiation of parameters of compacting roller. It is concluded that the use of suggested implements in organic farming technology provides high-quality plants shredding and mulch forming on the surface of soil, as well as shredding of green manure and stubble remains and their embedding into the surface soil.
On the determination of design parameters of a machine for cleaning of tuberous roots from impurities
Authors: Romanyuk N. N , Sashko K. V , Pashkovskiy S. D , Nukeshev S. O , Kushnir V. G
Published: April 2022

In the processes of production and preparation of feeds, the use of feed mixture with tuberous roots holds a prominent place. One of the principal operations during the preparation of tuberous roots is their cleaning from impurities. According to the zootechnical requirements, the residual contamination of tuberous roots after cleaning should not exceed 3% by weight, whereas in practice their contamination after combine harvesting is always higher than 8-9% and could reach 20% or more. The removal of contaminants is one of the most labor-intensive operations. With the view of improving the quality of cleaning and minimizing damage and losses, it is necessary to develop a machine for cleaning of tuberous roots from impurities and to determine its design parameters. The patent search showed that the known devices deliver poor quality of tuberous roots cleaning, because the active purification occurs only in the working zone of cleaning elements. The paper proposes original devices for tuberous roots cleaning from impurities. Arrangement of cleaning elements throughout the zone of interaction between the screw and conveyed tuberous roots allows to increase the performance of a device. The spikes on flights of screw and cleaning elements improve the quality of cleaning. Possibility of changing the device inclination to the horizon allows to adjust the performance and quality of cleaning. The paper presents a method of determining the design parameters of machine for tuberous roots cleaning, namely screw diameter and power supplied on the processes of cleaning and transportation of tuberous roots. The developed original devices for tuberous roots cleaning from impurities allow to improve the quality of cleaning with minimal damage and losses.
Method and pneumatic device for reduction of coalescence of drops in spray cones of liquid in plant protection
Authors: Kireev I. M , Koval' Z. M
Published: April 2022

To reduce the coalescence activity of drops in the slot spray cones of working fluid, a method of injecting of air jet by pneumatic device with subsequent transporting of air-and-drop flow to the plants is proposed. Reducing of coalescence of drops is proved by comparative data on the density of the covering of record cards using the developed method and traditional one. In case of the developed method, the spraying is carried out by means of pneumohydraulic devices at average unit speed of 19 km/h. In this case, the number of small and medium drops with trace diameters from 0 to 150 micrometers is increased, and the number of drops larger than 300 micrometers is decreased. With the average unit speed of 15.5 km/h and operating width of single pneumohydraulic device of 300 cm, the spray material consumption is 16.26 cubic decimeters on 1 hectare. In the traditional version of arrangement of sprayers on the boom at a pitch of 50 cm and motion speed of tractor unit of 14.8 km/h, the spray material consumption is 51.1 cubic decimeters on 1 hectare, which is by 3.14 times more than in case of the developed method. The advantage of the developed method of drops application on the treatment objects lies in the fact that the outer part of air jet emerging from the nozzle of pneumohydraulic device prevents the entrainment of drops into the environment. The results of these studies and laboratory tests are the basis for further research and practical application of economical, eco-friendly and high-performance technologies of use of pesticides in crop production.
Operational requirements to STA-5ZhO replaceable technological superstructure for transportation and subsoil application of liquid organic fertilizers based on Ural-432065 vehicle chassis
Authors: Shkel' A. S , Kozlovskaya M. A , Dzotsenidze T. D
Published: April 2022

The development of Ural-432065 specialized all-wheel vehicle chassis with STA-5ZhO replaceable technological superstructure complies with agrotechnical, safe operation and maintenance requirements. Safety requirements and warning descriptions are reflected in the service manual in both text and graphical forms. It is important to study the service manual before using. The relevant symbols are represented on the equipment in locations of working organs and servo units. The Ural-432065 chassis with STA-5ZhO replaceable technological superstructure is intended for transportation and subsoil application of liquid organic fertilizers. The assembly can also be used for community facilities on all types of roads and terrain. The STA-5ZhO superstructure is designed in the form of tank equipped with auxiliary mechanisms with hydraulic drive from the base vehicle chassis. General view of STA-5ZhO superstructure, its specifications, composition, principle of operation, operator control, hydraulic circuit description, electrical schematic diagram, features of operation and service are presented. The adjustment of organic fertilizer consumption at the input of distributor is provided by the installation of plain washer that allows to change the passage area of distributor pipe. Organic fertilizer consumption depends on its density and on the size of plain washer. Operation of STA-5ZhO replaceable technological superstructure for transportation and subsoil application of liquid organic fertilizers based on Ural-432065 vehicle chassis is provided by performance and technology standards, regulated by relevant documents, available and handy to the operator. Design capabilities and used constituent parts allow to increase the operating efficiency of the replaceable superstructure as a part of technological complexes with rise in labor productivity.
Substantiation of technology and development of a pick-up chopper for preparation of chopped hay
Authors: Abilzhanov D. T
Published: April 2022

With the use of current technologies of preparation of pressed forage, the losses of valued leaf part of grass plants come up to 14%, which is equivalent to significant losses of total weight of harvested hay. From this perspective, the purpose of the research is to develop a resource-saving technology of preparation of high-quality chopped hay, and to design a pick-up chopper for its implementation. To substantiate the offered technology, the method of system analysis is applied; to develop the structural and technological scheme of universal pick-up chopper, the method of design of agricultural machinery is used. As a result of theoretical researches, the analytical expression is obtained for determination of total yield losses, that are equivalent to the losses of leaf part of forage. The expression is proposed as a new optimization criterion for substantiation of different technologies of forage preparation. To improve the quality of forage and to exclude operations leading to the losses of leaf part of grass plants, a technology of preparation of chopped hay is proposed. Hammer and knife working bodies of a pick-up chopper provide high-quality chopping of dry and wet forage. The machine is equipped with new pick-up mechanism without treadmill, rollers, cranks or bearings for reliable hay picking up. The results of experimental researches allow to determine the following optimal parameters of the machine: the air flow speed in deflector 15 m/s; the rotation speed of pick-up reel 60 rpm; the optimal productivity 8-9 t/h; the losses of chopped forage 1.83%. The performance tests of a pick-up chopper equipped with hammer mill and new pick-up mechanism showed that it provides the preparation of high-quality chopped hay with reduction of operating costs by 2 times as compared to the roll technology of forage preparation.
Speed energy-saving cultivator
Authors: Rudenko N. E , Kayvanov S. D , Zavyalik F. N
Published: April 2022

A-hoe blades consisting of a share and a frog are used as working organs of cultivators. Main characteristics of share are the expansion angle of blades and the crumbling angle. For falling away of cut weed, the expansion angle should not exceed 70 degrees. The higher crumbling angle provides more intensive effect on the soil. There are also negative effects in working process: soil displacement aside, formation of grooves, removal of moist soil to the daylight surface. As far as copying elements of cultivator are separated by a distance from working organs, the variability of operating depth is increased. The article proposes a working organ combining copying and work functions, that allows to maintain precisely the operating depth. Flat share with crumbling angle equal to zero is used as a copying element. Spiral made as compression spring is used as a tillage tool; it is mounted on the back edge of share. Its diameter is 50-60 mm; the diameter of wire is 3-4 mm. During operation, the share with frog moves over the surface without casting-off the soil. The spirals loosen the soil and create the aggregate structure of topsoil. The turns of spiral affect the soil clods by spring tension and dramatically reduce the energy consumption. Working organs are mounted on plough beams made from leaf springs and ensure constant retention of spiral in the soil. Without casting-off the soil, the cultivator is able to work at the speed of 4-5 m/s, which significantly improves its performance. The performance gain is obtained not by extension of grasp width, which is related to the increase in materials consumption, but due to speed increase.
Determination method of rational design parameters for four-shaft not-coaxial preselector transmissions of agricultural tractors
Authors: Sharipov V. M , Nyunin B. N , Kryuchkov V. A , Fedotkin R. S , Alendeev E. M , Timofievskiy A. A
Published: April 2022

Developing the preselector transmissions for different vehicles, designers of machine-building enterprises face the absence of methods that would allow to define unambiguously the design parameters of those transmissions. Particularly, during determination of shafts arrangement diagram in four-shaft preselector transmissions with not-coaxial arrangement with necessity to keep the minimum overall width, there is the mutual interference of parameters of geometry and arrangement of gear wheels on each other and overall width simultaneously. For the solution of this problem, it is necessary to resort to using of graphical analytic method with a great number of iterations, which is labor consuming and does not provide a guarantee of result repeatability. The article deals with the method that allows to choose the rational parameters of main kinematic links to provide minimum overall width and to define unambiguously their position in space. During method preparation, the authors’ experience in development of transmissions for agricultural tractors of 4 drawbar category was taken into account. The design sequence of preselector transmission is reduced to choice of gear ratios and to forming of rational shafts arrangement diagram, due to which the minimization of overall width of preselector transmission is achieved. It is established that on the basis of kinematic parameters of links, it is possible to form the rhombus that completely defines shafts arrangement in transmission. For complete description of the rhombus geometry and its position in space, the analytical dependences are obtained. As a result, it is possible to determine accurately the overall dimensions of preselector transmission and the distance between input and output shafts without using graphical analytic method. The developed determination method of rational design parameters of preselector transmissions could be used in development of similar constructions for traction and transport machines.
Experimental studies of characteristics of vibration protection elements for operator workplace of industrial tractor
Authors: Berezin I. Ya , Pronina Yu. O , Bondar' V. N , Vershinskiy L. V , Taranenko P. A
Published: April 2022

Reliability of results of computer simulation depends on the accuracy of specified dynamic characteristics of the elements of oscillating system. In this connection, identification of model parameters and verifying of its adequacy are of major importance. Bench tests of new elements of vibration protection of T-11 tractor cab and seat involving the hydropneumatic way of vibration damping were conducted. The equipment of test bench conforms with loading scheme of investigated elements and reproduces the cab and seat working conditions identical to these of tractor operation, in particular the impact of given random process and shock loading. The information-measuring unit provides the registration and processing of experimental data. Bench tests allowed to reveal the fundamental features of the dynamic characteristics of shock absorbing elements, determine the numerical values of parameters contained in them and substantiate a number of assumptions inherent in the mathematical model. Adequacy check of the model was made by comparing the simulation results with field tests of T-11 tractor. The layout of acceleration sensors at various points of the tractor allowed to describe quite adequately the overall picture of vibration loading of the system of «caterpillar truck - frame - cab - seat», and to reveal a number of regularities that correct the model and perform a comparison of simulation results and field tests. The laboratory tests of vibration protection elements for operator workplace increased the accuracy of simulation results. Field tests allowed to confirm the adequacy of calculation model. The possibility of substitution of the field tests for laboratory ones in case of determining a number of certification characteristics of vibration protection systems is substantiated.