bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Availability and status of different farm power sources and mechanization in Odisha state
Authors: Nayak Ajit Kumar , Kumar Mithlesh
Published: September 2024

The status of farm mechanization, farm power availability, farm machinery sales are addressed in this study. The total farm power availability in Odisha agriculture is 2.93 kW/ha in 2016-17. This paper discusses the trend of mechanization status in Odisha. It has been found that there a large scope of mechanization in the state as there is minimum share of machine labour in the total cost of cultivating the principle crops.There is high need of adoption of suitable small machines and low cost especially for tillage, transplanting, weeding, harvesting and threshing operations. Massive awareness programme need to be carried out among the farmers of Odisha for popularizing the need based and crop specific machinery, available at the various research organizations of the state and the country for enhancing mechanization. Farm mechanization in India : Mechanization of agriculture enhances productivity, besides reducing human drudgery and cost of cultivation. Mechanization also helps in improving utilization efficiency of other inputs like safety and comfort of the agricultural worker. Total farm mechanization in India has been lower at 40-45% compared to other countries such as USA (95%), Brazil (75%) and China (57%). Government has decided to enhance farm power availability from 2.02 kW/ha (2016-17) to 4.0 kW/ha by the end of 2030 to cope up with increasing demand for food grains. Farm mechanization market in India has been growing at a CAGR of 7.53 per cent during 2016-2020 due to thrust given by various government policies
Training needs of tribal youth and constraints faced by tribal youth in choosing agricultural enterprises
Authors: Latelwar A.O. , Gaikwad J.H.
Published: September 2024

Youth is that vibrant time in a person’s life when they can channel their vigour and energy into influencing the course of an entire country. The Ministry of Human Resource Development (1985) considers “youth group” in India as the person under the age group of 15 to 35 years. Tribal youth refer to the youth community belonging to the age group of 15-35 years and have commonality in terms of name, culture, dialect, territory and taboos. Identifying the training needs is the first step of any training programme for a specific target group. The training for tribal youth could serve as an effective tool for developing positive attitude with improved confidence and greater willingness towards agricultural enterprises. This further could help in development of training modules in various agricultural enterprises. It was observed that the overall Training Need Index (TNI) of the study area was 0.48, which was under medium training needs. Within that paddy crop production had 0.46 and Dairy farming had 0.51 index values. It was also observed that only one training need area had high level of training need i.e., selection of variety (0.63) and very high training need level i.e., Health management of dairy animal (0.81). The important constraints reported by the tribal youth were lack of participation in Panchayat Raj System, absence of dairy unit, problems in identification of animal diseases, inadequate irrigation facilities, low rate of milk, etc.
Production performance of major vegetables in Maharashtra
Authors: Dangore U.T. , Tingare A.S. , Vaidkar R.D. , Singh Binky
Published: September 2024

The present study was restricted to only six crops namely brinjal, tomato, potato, onion, cabbage, and cauliflower which had the highest production in the year 2020-2021 amongst the vegetable crops in Maharashtra. The study was based on secondary data pertaining to the period 2001-2002 to 2020-21.In onion, there was a significant increasing trend of growth in area and production, while in potato significant increasing trend of growth was observed in production and yield, likewise tomato showed a significant increasing trend of growth in area and brinjal showed a significant increasing trend of growth in yield. The area, production, and yield of cabbage and cauliflower were not significant at all.Highest variability in area and production was observed in onion and cabbage, respectively while highest inconsistency of yield was seen in potato. Lest variability in area, production and yield was observed in brinjal. The instability in area was high in cabbage and cauliflower, medium in tomato, potato and onion, and low in brinjal. While in production, it was high in cabbage and cauliflower, medium in potato, tomato, onion and brinjal. Also, in yield, it was medium in potato and onion and low in brinjal, tomato, cabbage and cauliflower.
Relationship between socio-personal, economic, communication and psychological characteristics of tribal youth with their training needs in selected enterprises
Authors: Latelwar A.O. , Gaikwad J.H.
Published: September 2024

The Ministry of Human Resource Development (1985) considers “youth group” in India as the person under the age group of 15 to 35 years. Tribal youth refer to the youth community belonging to the age group of 15-35 years and have commonality in terms of name, culture, dialect, territory and taboos. Identifying the training needs is the first step of any training programme for a specific target group. The training for tribal youth could serve as an effective tool for developing positive attitude with improved confidence and greater willingness towards agricultural enterprises. The study showed that sociopersonal, economic, communication characteristics like age, family size, marital status, social participation and occupation had positive and non-significant relationship with the training needs. Whereas, gender had negative and non-significant relationship with the training needs. Education had positive and highly significant relationship with the training needs. Participation in off farm activities, information seeking behaviour, mass media exposure, decision making ability, Achievement motivation, attitude of tribal youth towardsagriculture and risk preference had positive and significant relationship with the training needs.
Entrepreneurial behaviour of poultry farmers
Authors: Chavan S.S. , Deshmukh A.N. , Gawande S.N. , Mokhale S.U. , Khedkar J.L. , More P.S.
Published: September 2024

The present study “Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Poultry Farmers” was conducted in Amravati district of Amravati, Morshi, Nandgaon Khandeswar, Chandur Railway, Darayapur, tahsils as most of the poultry entrepreneur units were found under data collection of study under Animal husbandry Amravati district office report and Venkys chicken company Amravati district office report were purposively selected for the present study. The exploratory research design was used in the present investigation. The data was collected by personally interviewing the respondents with the help of the presented structured schedule. The collected data was first tabulated, and then mean, frequency, standard deviation, and correlation were employed for interpretation of the findings. The characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviour poultry farmers namely age, education, annual income, competition orientation, market orientation, extension contact, attitude of farmers and experience in poultry were studied as independent variables. The entrepreneurial behaviour poultry farmers was studied as the dependent variable. Components included in the entrepreneurial behaviour were innovativeness, achievement motivation, decision making ability, co-ordinating ability, planning ability, self-confidence.
The impact of Trapa natans on survival of fish in Hadejia Nguru wetland
Authors: Yauri Y. A. Birnin , Ogunshaki R. , Adio Hammed Salam
Published: September 2024

Nine fish pond were dug all were stock with two thousand Tapia species. Six triplicate ponds Trapa natans seed were plant along the bank in difference concentration .5kg, 10kg and 20kg three ponds were free from Trapa natans to serve as control experiment Trapa natans The dissolve oxygen (D.O), Biological Oxygen was recorded for the period of year. The monthly variation of dissolve 0xygen (D.O) and various concentration follow the pattern with concentration Trapa natans seedling also the fish mortality follow the pattern with concentration of Trapa natans.
Performance study of solar tunnel dryer for medicinal plants
Authors: Pradhan A. , Chauhan P. M. , Cholera S. P.
Published: September 2024

A solar tunnel dryer is a poly house framed structure covered with UV-stabilized polythene sheet, where agricultural and industrial products on large scale could be dried under at least partially controlled environment. A solar tunnel dryer accelerates and improves the drying process, it protects the product from insects and other pests-infestation thereby, reducing the contamination or product loss. As a result, the solar tunnel dryer lowers post-harvest losses compared to traditional sun drying. In this study, Adhatoda vasica and Moringa oleifera leaves were dried using a simple, low-cost solar tunnel drier and then it was compared with the open sun-dried products. The drying efficiency and the pick-up efficiency of the solar tunnel dryer for the drying of medicinal plant leaves was found to be 12.14% and 26.45%, respectively. The total drying cost of Adhatoda vasica and Moringa oleifera leaves was calculated as Rs. 16.26/- and Rs.16.87/- per kg, respectively as compared to the cost of sun drying which was Rs.114.1/- and Rs. 135.68/- per kg, respectively. The payback period of the dryer was found to be 1 year and 20 days.
Perception of tribal farmers towards KVK scientists
Authors: Bagade A.S. , Deshmukh A.N. , Gawande S.N. , Mokhale S.U. , Chavan S.S. , Khedkar J.L.
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was conducted in Chikhaldara and Dharni taluka of Amravati district (Vidarbha region) of Maharashtra state. The main objective of the study was to assess the relationship between the profile of the tribal farmers with their perception towards KVK scientists.Apre-structured interview schedule was used to collect data from 120 tribal farmers from 10 villages which were selected by usingex-post facto design of the social research during 2022-2023. The statistical methods such as frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation and correlation were used. The data of research study show that variables namely age, farming experience, size of land holding and annual income were negatively non-significant with perception of tribal farmers. The variables education and training received were found positive and significant level of probability of 0.01 with perception of tribal farmers toward KVK scientists.While variable namely extension participation, mass media exposure and innovativeness were positively significant with perception of tribal farmers at 0.05 level of probability.
Minimum supporting price (MSP): A boon or bane
Authors: Gill Preet , Dua Kavita
Published: September 2024

MSP is affixed price paid by government of India to farmers wherever they procure a particular crop. It is fixed prior to the sowing season to encourage higher investment and production of agricultural commodities. The MSP is designed to ensure that farmers receive a minimum income for their produce, helping to stabilize prices and protect farmers from market fluctuations or price drops due to oversupply or other factors. It also provides an incentive for farmers to grow certain crops, as the government assures a baseline market for them. Therefore, present study was planned to assess the knowledge, determining the impact and expectation of farmer towards MSP policy in the village of Haryana state. Study was conducted on 30 farmers to assess the knowledge, determining the impact and expectation of farmer towards MSP policy. The survey’s findings highlight the several significant outcomes and causes for farmers’ discontent with the MSP rates announcement pattern. All farmers (100%) agreed that MSP should be revised according to climatic changes. Majority of the farmers were highly dissatisfied with the rates announced by government over MSP listed crops. Farmers thought that these prices did not leads to meet their regular needs. The government should focus on improving policy and at the same time, agricultural education should be incorporated into the curricula of schools as well as higher level of studies.
Estimation of water budget and its components using Google Earth Engine approach
Authors: Nayak Ajit Kumar , Kumar Mithlesh
Published: September 2024

Accurate assessment of water budget components is crucial in many fields, such as agriculture, water resources management, hydrology, ecology, and climatology. In this study, a freely available web-based tool is developed using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) to evaluate the water budget components at various spatial and temporal scales.This study explores the effectiveness of the fifth generation of European ReAnalysis (ERA5) Land datasets processed bythe European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The water budget components such as precipitation, runoff, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and storage change were analyzed monthly and annually at regional and river basin scales.The results showed that the water budget components were balanced at both spatial scales. Moreover, the result provided by this web-based tool was reasonable. Therefore, we are considering that this developed tool will help the farmers, watershed planners, and decision-makers to construct infrastructures and plan management activities at spatiotemporal scales.
Knowledge, adoption and attitude of cluster frontline demonstration farmers in adoption of chickpea production technology in Malwa Pleatue Agro - Climatic zone of M.P.
Authors: Jatav Hans Raj , Gupta Shobhana , Jatav Dileep Kumar
Published: September 2024

The present study will be under taken in the Malwa Plateau Agro-climatic zones of Madhya Pradesh. The KVKs conducted a many numbers of Cluster Frontline demonstration on chickpea crop. Chickpea crop will be selected as under all pulse’s crops chickpea covers highest area and it is one of the most important pulse crops grown of Malwa Plateau Agro-Climatic Zone of Madhya Pradesh. The hill region constitutes about 14% in the Malwa plateau. List of villages where CFLD pulses programme is being implemented from last five year was taken from the respective KVKs. One village at nearest vicinity and one village at remote vicinity from each KVK was selected for the present study. Two villages from each KVK were selected. Thus, total eight villages were selected for the study. The design of research is the most important and crucial aspect of the research methodology. It is the entire process of planning and carrying out the research. To seek the answers for the research question, an ex-post facto research design was used to explore or search through a problem or situation to provide insights and understanding in the investigation.
Effect of grow cover and sowing time on growth, yield and quality of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Solanki V. D. , Kanzaria D. R. , Paija N. A. , Bhoya R. N. , Chitroda R. L.
Published: September 2024

The present investigation entitled Effect of grow cover and sowing time on growth, yield and quality of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) was carried out at Instructional farm, Jambuvadi, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during 2022-23.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Factorial Concept (FRBD) with two factors. The treatments consisted of five date of sowing i.e., second fortnight of December, first fortnight of January, Second fortnight of January, First fortnight of February and second fortnight of February under open field as wellas biodegradable low tunnel, respectively. The result clearly indicated that effect of the grow cover (biodegradable grow cover) and sowing time (1st fortnight of February) (G2S4) recorded minimum days to germination (5.20), days to flowering (22.40) and maximum vine length (139.53 cm), length of secondary branches vine-1 (121.92), fruit weight (538.33 g), polar diameter (9.50 cm), fruit yield vine-1 (1.80 kg vine-1), total fruit yield (76.44 t ha-1), pulp thickness (3.00 cm), TSS(8.11oBrix) and minimum cavity index (3.68cm).
Socio - economic impact of farm mechanization on farmers
Authors: Birkad V.P. , Deshmukh A.N. , Gawande S.N. , Mokhale S.U. , More P.S. , Khedkar J. L.
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was conducted in Chandur Bazar taluka of Amravati district (Vidarbha region) of Maharashtra state. The main objective of the study was to assess the relationship between the profile of the farmers and socio-economic impact of farm mechanization. A pre – structured interview schedule was used to collect data from 120 respondents from 12 villages which were selected by using exploratory design of the social research during 2023-24. The statistical methods such as frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation and correlation were used. The data of research study show that education, age ,size of family, land holdings, source of irrigation, cropping pattern, Annual income, source of information, and risk preference were found to be significantly related.
Effect of variety and different levels of nitrogen and potassium on growth, yield and soil nutrient status on rose (Rosa hybrida L.) through fertigation Cv. Gladiator and divine
Authors: Chhaya Nandaniya , Thumar B. V. , Amalseda Disha , Parasana J. S.
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was conducted at Lal Baugh Farm, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat). During Rabi season in 2023, in Randomized Block Design with the factorial concept having twelve treatments. The result of the experiment revealed that individual effect of variety Divine recorded maximum incremental plant height (30.45 cm), incremental plant spread (N-S) (19.18 cm), incremental plant spread (E-W) (22.75 cm), number of branches per plant (6.50), leaf area (16.97 cm2), stem diameter (20.03 mm), number of flowers per plant (34.00), number of flowers per plot (680.01) and number of flowers per hectare (15.11 Lakh). Mean while,a variety gladiator recorded a maximum stalk length (17.62 cm). In the case of nitrogen 60 g/plant recorded maximum incremental plant height (29.24 cm), incremental plant spread (N-S) (16.96 cm), incremental plant spread (E-W) (19.23 cm), number of branches per plant (6.49), leaf area (16.76 cm2), stem diameter (20.17 mm), stalk length (14.71 cm), number of flowers per plot (595.01), number of flowers per hectare (13.22 Lakh) and soil available nitrogen (286.01 kg ha-1). Similarly, it was recorded that 40 g/plant of potassium gave maximum stalk length (15.74 cm), number of flowers per plant (29.78), number of flowers per plot (595.56), number of flowers per hectare (13.23 lakh), soil available potassium (191.92 kg ha-1).
Effect of NPK fertigation on yield and quality of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.)
Authors: Chauhan Laxmiben D. , Patel K. D. , Bambhaniya Urmila
Published: September 2024

The present research was carried out at Madhadi Baugh Farm, College of Horticulture, Junagadh AgriculturalUniversity, in the year summer 2023.The treatments comprised of three levels of nitrogen (N) viz., N1: 20 kg/ha; N2: 40 kg/ha and N3: 60 kg/ha; two levels of phosphorus (P) viz., P1: 12.5 kg/ha and P2: 25 kg/ha with two levels of potash (K) viz., K1: 12.5 kg/ha; K2: 25 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with twelve treatment combinations and three replications.The results indicated that among three levels of nitrogen, N3 (60 kg/ha) gave maximum vine length (374.00 cm), internodal length (19.32 cm) and maximum leaf area (240.52 cm2), minimum number of male flower per plant (153.16) and maximum number of female flower per plant (25.06), minimum sex ratio (6.44), number of fruits per plant (21.42), maximum fruit weight (130.34 gm), fruit girth (11.70 cm), maximum fruit length (26.13 cm), fruit yield per vine (2.49 kg), fruit yield per plot (25.30 kg) and fruit yield per hectare (14.35 t), TSS (5.26 ºBrix) and volume (123.52 cc). While, N1 (20 kg/ha) gave minimum days taken to first male flower (33.57) and days taken to first female flower (40.09), Phosphorus(25 kg/ha) gave maximum vine length (342.69 cm) and internodal length (18.34 cm), minimum days taken to first male flower (33.12), maximum number of female flower (25.75) and minimum sex ratio (6.69), number of fruits per plant (19.18), maximum fruit weight (128.29 gm), fruit girth (11.15 cm), fruit length (25.23), fruit yield per vine (2.28 kg), fruit yield per plot (22.59 kg) and fruit yield per hectare (12.31 t), TSS (5.15 ºBrix) and volume (119.63 cc), among two levels of potash, K2 (25 kg/ ha) gave maximum vine length (344.90 cm), maximum leaf area (228.45 cm2), minimum days taken to first female flower (41.83), minimum number of male flower (157.87), maximum number of female flower (25.30) and minimum sex ratio (6.70), number of fruits per plant (20.58), maximum fruit weight (144.34 gm), fruit girth (11.36 cm), fruit length (25.23 cm), maximum fruit yield per vine (2.45 kg), fruit yield per plot (24.79 kg), fruit yield per hectare (13.32 t), TSS (5.09 ºBrix) and volume (121.97 cc).
Effect of INM and training on yield and yield attributes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under protected cultivation
Authors: Senjaliya H.J. , Patel K.D. , Patel H.N. , Parasana J.S. , Chitroda R.L.
Published: September 2024

The greenhouse experiment was conducted at Hi-tech Horticulture Park, college of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during the year 2021-22 to 2022-23 to study the effect of INM and training on yield and yield attributes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under protected cultivation. The experiment was laid out Completely Randomized Design with factorial concept replicated thrice having two factor viz., fertilizer level and training level. Among different treatment, The maximum number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit volume, pericarp thickness, fruit length, fruit girth and equatorial diameter of fruit were found significantly superior in treatment 75 % RDF + 10 t/ha FYM + 2 t/ha Neem cake + bio-fertilizer (each 3 kg/ha) + Panchgavya 3 %. In case of training the maximum fruit weight, fruit volume, pericarp thickness, fruit length, fruit girth and equatorial diameter of fruit were observed in plant trained under single stem. Whereas, the maximum number of fruits per cluster and number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per 1000 m2 were found in plant trained under two stem.
Effect of different growing media on growth, yield and quality of microgreens under greenhouse condition
Authors: Paija N. A. , Kanzaria D. R. , Solanki V. D. , Bhoya R.N.
Published: September 2024

The present investigation entitled “Effect of different growing media on growth, yield and quality of microgreens under greenhouse condition”was carried out at Hi-tech Horticultural Park, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during the year 2023. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with factorial concept (FRBD) with two factors. The treatments consisted of three levels of growing media i.e., Soil + Vermicompost (1:1 V/V), Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1 V/V) and Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1 V/V/V) with five levels of crops i.e., Fenugreek, Onion, Palak, Beet root and Red cabbage. The results on interaction effect of growing media and crops indicated that the treatmentcombination of G3C5 [{Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1 V/V/V)} + Red cabbage] recorded maximum germination (89.33 %), number of cells harvested per plug tray (47.67), percentage of cells harvested per plug tray (88.27 %), antioxidant activity (52.10 %), carotenoids content (12.46 mg/100 g)and minimum mortality (1.19 %).However, G2C2 [{Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1V/V)} + Onion] recorded maximum length of microgreens (9.17 cm), G2C1 [{Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1 V/V)} + Fenugreek]recorded maximum root length (4.84cm), G2C5 [{Cocopeat +Vermicompost (1:1 V/V)} + Red cabbage] recorded maximum number of roots (5.07) and G3C4 [{Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1 V/V/V)} + Beet root] recorded maximum yield per plug tray (19.93 g). Whereas, maximum chlorophyll content (1.21 mg/g) was noted in G3C3 [{Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1 V/V/V)} + Palak].
Response of INM and training on flowering and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under greenhouse condition
Authors: Senjaliya H.J. , Patel K.D. , Patel H.N. , Parasana J.S. , Chitroda R.L.
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was carried out at Hi-tech Horticulture Park, college of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during the year 2021-22 to 2022-23 to study the response of INM and training on flowering and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under greenhouse condition.The experiment was laid out Completely Randomized Design with factorial conceptwith three replications. The study included four nutrient levels, viz., 100 % RDF + 20 t/ha FYM, 100 % RDF + 5 t/ha FYM + 1 t/ha Neem cake + Bio-fertilizer (each 3 kg/ha) + Panchgavya 3 %, 75 % RDF + 10 t/ha FYM + 2 t/ha Neem cake + Bio-fertilizer (each 3 kg/ha) + Panchgavya 3 % and 50 % RDF + 15 t/ha FYM + 3 t/ha Neem cake + Bio-fertilizer (each 3 kg/ ha) + Panchgavya 3 % and four level of training system namely no training, single stem, two stem and three stem. The different level of INM indicated that the treatment 75 % RDF + 10 t/ha FYM + 2 t/ha Neem cake + bio-fertilizer (each 3 kg/ha) + Panchgavya 3 % recorded significant superior results on days to first flower appearance, number of flower per cluster, days to fruit set, fruit set per cent, flowering span, fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per 1000 m2. The training system indicated that the two stem training reported superior results on number of flower per cluster, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per 1000 m2.
Sheep pox and lumpy skin disease– A report on Nellore jodipi sheep and Punganur cattle
Authors: Bharathi Gutti , Aruna P. , Raj M. Praveen
Published: September 2024

Sheep pox and lumpy skin diseases are economically significant and contagious viral diseases reported in Nellore Jodipi sheep and Punganur cattle, respectively, caused by the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV) of the family Poxviridae. The present cases were observed at Livestock Research Station, Palamaner, Chittoor (dt). This disease poses challenges to food production and distribution, affecting rural livelihoods. Transmission occurs mainly by direct or indirect contact with infected animals. They cause high morbidity and mortality, and additionally, the mortality rate can approach 100% in susceptible animals. Diagnosis largely relies on clinical symptoms, confirmed by laboratory testing using real-time PCR, electron microscopy, virus isolation, serology, and histology. Control and eradication of sheep pox virus (SPPV) and lumpy skin disease (LSDV) depend on timely recognition of disease eruption, vector control, and movement restriction. Attenuated sheep pox vaccine and live attenuated goat pox vaccine were used to control the Capripoxvirus in Nellore Jodipi and Punganur cattle.
Dystocia due to lateral deviation of foetal head and its management in a Punganur cattle
Authors: Raj M. Praveen , Bharathi Gutti , Aruna P.
Published: September 2024

Dystocia due to lateral deviation of head and neck is one of the most common types of ruminant dystocia. In one such case, a 7-year- old Punganur cow was reported and successfully managed. The cow was straining and showing symptoms of labor pain and respiratory distress. The cervix was fully dilated, and the birth passage was dry. Foetus was in anterior presentation, dorso-sacral position with extreme left deviation of head and neck. When attempts made by extraction to expel out the foetus, Punganur calf was delivered. The cow was provided with proper postoperative care and management to facilitate the recovery of the uterus and restore normal functioning.
An overview of digestive disorders of forestomach in cattles and buffaloes
Authors: Mandawat Saksham , Galav Vikas , Singh Rashmi
Published: September 2024

Disorders affecting the forestomach in large ruminants pose significant challenges to livestock health and productivity, warranting comprehensive understanding and management strategies. This review explores the multifactorial etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic interventions for forestomach disorders in large ruminants, including rumen acidosis, bloat, ruminal impaction and traumatic reticuloperitonitis. Emphasis is placed on the role of nutrition, microbial flora imbalance, management practices, and environmental factors in predisposing animals to these conditions. Diagnostic modalities, ranging from clinical examination to advanced imaging laboratory techniques, are discussed for accurate diagnosis and timely intervention. Furthermore, therapeutic option, including dietary adjustments, rumenotomy and supportive care, are elucidated, along with preventive measures aimed at minimizing the occurrence and impact of forestomach disorders in large ruminants A holistic approach encompassing proper nutrition, herd management, and veterinary oversight is imperative for mitigating the economic and welfare implication associated with these disorders.
Evapotranspiration: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kumar Abhinav
Published: September 2024

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a fundamental process in the Earth’s water cycle, representing the combined movement of water from the land surface (including open water bodies, soil, and vegetation) back into the atmosphere. It encompasses two key components: evaporation, the direct transfer of water to the air from various surfaces, and transpiration, the loss of water vapor through tiny pores on plant leaves called stomata. This review provides a detailed examination of evapotranspiration, exploring its mechanisms, influencing factors, measurement techniques, and its significance in various environmental and agricultural applications. Moreover, a section on Irrigation under Climate change is included to understand the adaptation strategies.
Influence of plant growth regulators on fruit set, yield and quality of mango varieties under HDP
Authors: Chandni R. Bhadarka , Karmur N. N. , Kanzaria D. R. , Sagar Ramdasi
Published: September 2024

Plant hormones are signal molecules produced within the plant, and occur in extremely low concentrations. Phytohormones determine the formation of flowers, fruit set, stems, leaves, shedding of leaves, and development and ripening of fruits. They shape the plant, affecting seed growth, time of flowering, sex of flowers, senescence of leaves and fruits. Hormones are vital for plant growth and lacking them, plants would be mostly a mass of undifferentiated cells. Plant growth regulators include salicylic acid, CPPU, tricontanol and brassinosteroid. The production of poor quality fruits is a matter of common experience. It would be therefore worth while to improve the yield and quality of fruit crops by foliar application of plant growth regulators. The use of growth regulators has become an important component of agro-technical procedures for most of the cultivated plants and especially for fruit plants. In this review, we focus on the role of plant growth regulators on fruit production.
Studies on damping-off disease of chilli seedlings caused by Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz.
Authors: Tiwari Janardan , Yadav F. D.
Published: September 2024

Damping off disease of chilli seedlings, a serious disease caused by Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz. occurs in field extensively. This pathogen causes severe loss to the production of tuber as the crop destroyed at the time of seedlings. In susceptible plants seedlings losses of 25 to 75% can occur. The cost of the some of the private bred seed is very high and hence this loss assumes ecocomic importance to farmers. The present paper deals with symptoms, pathogenecity, host range etc. studies of damping off disease off chilli seedlings.
Technology of low-fat mozzarella cheese
Authors: Arora Simran Kaur , Chaturvedi Shubham , Kumar Naveen
Published: September 2024

Mozzarella cheese is an unripened cheesewidely used as a key ingredient in pizza making due to its unique stretch property. While Mozzarella cheese contributes well to the protein content it negatively contributes to a high fat content which is considered unhealthy. To make pizza healthy, low-fat mozzarella cheese is desirable. In the present article, various means and technologies that can be adopted to reduce the fat content of the mozzarella cheese is highlighted to popularize their adoption by the large as well as small scale manufacturers. The key technologies include the change in casein to fat ratio, use of protein and carbohydrate-based fat replacers, use of hydrocolloids and emulsifiers while simultaneously meeting the legal requirements of the country for the specific standards and permitted additives.
Issues and challenges of women engaged in agriculture and allied activities: A review
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Kaur Lavjit
Published: September 2024

Women play a significant but frequently underappreciated role in the country’s agricultural productivity. In India, women continue to have severe disadvantages when it comes to compensation, land rights, and representation in local farmer organizations, even though they make up the majority of the labour force. Poverty, marginalization, and gender inequity are common problems for women in farming areas. So the present paper has been planned with the objective to address the issues and challenges of women engaged in agriculture and allied activities .Various research papers pertaining to such issues have been reviewed to attain the set objective. Women have to play the dual role at farm and home. Lack of technical knowledge in agriculture, low access to land, finances, credit, socio-cultural barriers are major challenges faced by them. Wages for women working as agriculture labours are lower.It is necessary to address these issues and is essential to implement gender-specific interventions in order to boost agricultural productivity.
Drought modelling: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kumar Abhinav
Published: September 2024

Droughts are a recurring natural hazard with significant social, economic, and environmental consequences. Accurate drought modelling is crucial for effective drought preparedness, mitigation, and response strategies. This review paper comprehensively overviews drought modelling approaches, including traditional statistical, physically-based and emerging machine learning techniques. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, highlighting recent advancements and future research directions. Additionally, we examine the various drought indices employed for drought characterization and explore the integration of climate change scenarios into drought modelling frameworks. Finally, the review addresses the challenges and limitations of drought modelling and emphasizes the importance of data availability, model validation, and user-centric applications.
Portulaca oleracia: An eco-friendly source for skin protection
Authors: Gupta Vandana
Published: September 2024

With increased use of synthetic materials, high level of environmental pollution and health issues are prevailing all over the world. Keeping this into consideration the present study is conducted to analyse the pharmaceutical properties (Sun protection and antibacterial) of Portulaca oleracea, which falls in the classification of weed. The prepared extract was analysed for the presence of secondary metabolites, UV absorbing and antibacterial properties. The result obtained show cased positive potential of such plant and suggested their application in medical, fashion, textile, allied industries. Such source plays an important role in protecting environment and sustainable development.
Evaluación del desempeño inicial de estacas y plántulas en una plantación de copales (Bursera copallifera y B. bipinnata)
Authors: Hernández-García Elizabeth , Barrales-Alcalá Bruno , Bonfil Consuelo
Published: September 2024

Background: Copal is a resin that is used in religious and cultural ceremonies; it is extracted from Bursera bipinnata and Bursera copallifera, and obtained both from natural populations and maintained trees.
Questions: What propagation method (rooted cuttings or seeds) is more suitable for each species? How is field performance in terms of survival and growth of rooted cuttings and seedlings for each species?
Study species: Bursera bipinnata and B. copallifera
Study site and dates: Santiago Tepetlapa, Morelos 2016-1018
Methods: Plants were propagated in 2015-2016. In 2016, 133 plants were planted: 42 rooted cuttings and 27 seedlings of B. bipinnata, and 26 and 38, respectively, of B. copallifera.  Growth was evaluated for one year and survival for two years. Relative growth rate (RGR) was measured, as well as biomass allocation to different organs.
Results: In B. bipinnata propagation by rooted cuttings is more feasible, and by seeds in B. copallifera. During the first-year rooted cuttings showed higher survival than seedlings, but in the second year it was higher in cuttings of B. bipinnata (65 %), than in all other plants (< 15 %). There were differences between species in final biomass allocation in rooted cuttings, but not in seedlings; there were no differences between species in RGR.
Conclusions: Rooted cuttings showed a better performance than seedlings; especially those of B. bipinnata. These results can contribute to the establishment of plantations of these species in agroforestry systems and restoration.
Русская традиционная экономическая культура с точки зрения концепции Веблена о поведенческих установках
Authors: Верников Андрей Владимирович , Курышева Анна Александровна
Published: September 2024

В своем анализе русской экономической культуры XIX века, прежде всего нормативного дискурса, мы опираемся на институционализм Торстейна Веблена, который описал разные типы побуждений, направляющих поведение людей, с точки зрения их связи с культурным и экономическим развитием общества. Поведенческие установки и принципы, которые Т. Веблен считал продуктивными, способствующими благосостоянию в длительной перспективе, включают дальновидность, рачительность, умеренность, трудолюбие и так далее. Им противопоставляются непродуктивные установки, лежащие в основе церемониального поведения, – расточительство, показные траты, праздность, своекорыстие и стяжательство, оценка вещей и людей по внешнему виду. В научной литературе идеи и подходы Т. Веблена оказались искажены: например, имеет место тенденция считать любые традиционные установки лишь церемониальными, а передаваемые фольклором ценности – отсталыми, архаичными и препятствующими инновациям. Результаты нашего исследования показывают, что нормативные элементы традиционной русской экономической культуры, отражаемые в народных пословицах и поговорках, соответствуют продуктивным практикам в вебленовском понимании (хотя реальная практика поведения людей могла быть и часто была иной). Таким образом, традиционное не эквивалентно церемониальному. Подходы, разработанные институциональной школой экономической мысли, сохраняют актуальность; при этом требуется непредвзятое внимательное изучение нестандартных для западного общества институций и институтов.
Миграционная политика в России
Authors: Княгинина Надежда Владимировна , Янкевич Семен Васильевич
Published: September 2024

Рецензия посвящена коллективной монографии «Адаптация и интеграция мигрантов в России: вызовы, реалии, индикаторы» под редакцией В.И. Мукомеля и К.С. Григорьевой. Авторами статьи проведены анализ и оценка монографии с учетом существующего социального, политического и демографического контекста. Рецензенты обращают внимание на то, что за заявляемым ключевым вопросом книги «какие индикаторы для оценки интеграции мигрантов мы могли бы использовать?» скрывается более глубокий: «какой страной для мигрантов является Россия?». Прочтение монографии поможет приблизиться к ответу на этот вопрос. В конце рецензии обсуждается, как, с точки зрения государственного управления, могла бы выстраиваться система адаптации и интеграции мигрантов с учетом доказательной базы, представленной в монографии.
Сто сорок два образцовых сочинения по обществознанию (в помощь утопающим в информационном океане)
Authors: Подвойский Денис Глебович
Published: September 2024

В статье автор делится своими впечатлениями от прочтения книги известного российского социолога и политолога В.В. Федорова «Ума палата». В эту книгу было включено более сотни рецензий, обзоров и конспектов, написанных в разные годы и дающих представление о разнообразии предметно-тематической и концептуально-теоретической повестки современных социальных наук. Специально рассматривается вопрос об изменениях, произошедших в области производства, бытования и циркуляции обществоведческой литературы под влиянием новейшего витка информационной революции. Подчеркивается особая роль рецензии (review) как жанра научной публикации в ситуации перенасыщения, избыточного предложения и инфляции, характеризующих состояние «рынка идей» последних десятилетий во всем мире.
«Хочу я этого, не хочу – я сибиряк»: прошлое и настоящее сибирской идентичности
Authors: Чернышов Сергей Андреевич
Published: September 2024

В статье на основе социально-конструктивистского подхода исследуются прошлое и настоящее сибирской региональной идентичности. Для анализа выделяются три ключевых составляющих идентичности – территориальная самоидентификация, общие мифы локальной исторической памяти, общие культурные практики. Выдвигается гипотеза, что сибирская региональная идентичность в ретроспективе и в современных практиках символического оформления претендовала и претендует на статус этноса или нации, и по этой причине к ней могут быть применены критерии анализа, которые современная наука использует в случае любых других социальных сообществ, признанных этносами или нациями. Материалами исследования служат контент-анализ медиа, данные архивов, материалы личного происхождения (дневники, воспоминания и прочее), данные исторических и социологических исследований, а также авторское исследование, проведенное методом удаленных фокус-групп в девяти городах Урала и Сибири. На основе этих данных делается вывод, что сибирская идентичность не может претендовать на квазиэтнический или квазинациональный статус. Современная территориальная идентичность «сибиряков» имеет в основном условный характер. Мифологию локальной исторической памяти можно оценить как производную от общенационального исторического нарратива. Общие культурные практики представляют собой набор автостереотипов внешнего происхождения, критический анализ которых указывает на их несостоятельность. Однако, несмотря на размытый характер основного массива специфических макрорегиональных идентификационных практик, само наличие этих практик является заметным явлением для сибиряков. Существование значимого для локального сообщества набора символов при определенных условиях может служить конституирующим основанием для появления сибирской этнической (национальной) идентичности.
Диалог науки и власти: от миграционной теории к миграционной политике. Часть II: воссоединение
Authors: Лисицын Павел Петрович
Published: September 2024

Настоящая статья является продолжением текста, первая часть которого была опубликована в № 3 за 2024 г. и посвящена проблемам и противоречиям, возникающим в процессе диалога науки и власти по вопросам миграции. Во второй части будут рассмотрены мифы и стереотипы о миграции и миграционной политике, основанные на проблемах диалога между наукой и властью. Представленный анализ, опираясь на результаты современных исследований (А. Портес, С. Кастлз, Д. Мэсси, Н. Глик-Шиллер, С. Сассен), предлагает альтернативу доминирующим сегодня в российской политике научным идеям о миграции конца XX века, описанным М. Тодаро, О. Старком и М. Пиоре, а также их российскими последователями. Таким образом, полный текст исследования, представленный в предыдущем и текущем номерах журнала, ознакомит читателя с анализом факторов, влияющих на качество диалога между учеными и властью, и завершится десятью предложениями, направленными на повышение его эффективности.
Политика сохранения языкового многообразия в России: декларируемые цели и реальная практика. Случай республик Южной Сибири
Authors: Паин Эмиль Абрамович , Мижит-Доржу Венера Шолбановна
Published: September 2024

Чтобы привлечь внимание мирового сообщества к проблемам сохранения языков коренных народов мира, Генеральная Ассамблея ООН провозгласила 2022–2032 гг. «Международным десятилетием языков коренных народов мира». В статье отмечается совпадение целей языковой политики России с направленностью резолюции ООН. Вместе с тем показано, что практика российской языковой политики, особенно на региональном уровне, не в полной мере соответствует декларируемым целям. Также в статье рассматриваются и сопоставляются законы о языке, принятые в трех республиках Южной Сибири ‒ Республиках Алтай, Тыва и Хакасия, но наибольшее внимание уделяется анализу административных практик – использованию русского и национальных языков в ходе заседаний республиканских органов власти и в официальных документах. Анализируются практики и объемы преподавания национальных языков в школах и учреждениях дошкольного образования. Проводится сравнительный анализ меры знания и употребления национальных языков как представителями титульных национальностей, так и русскими, проживающими на территориях указанных республик. По результатам исследований делается вывод о господстве инерционных процессов в демографической и языковой сферах республик Южной Сибири. В условиях продолжающегося снижения численности некоторых титульных этносов (например, хакасского) местные власти ослабляют усилия по сохранению этнических языков, что повышает их уязвимость. Административные практики, направленные на расширение сфер применения этнических языков, проявляются только в тех республиках, в которых инерционные демографические процессы благоприятны для титульных этносов (Республика Тыва). Авторы приходят к выводу, что заявленные государством цели сохранения языкового многообразия России требуют корректировки практики реализации языковой политики и излагают свои представления о возможном направлении таких перемен.
Языковой вопрос и языковая политика в современном обществе
Authors: Черныш Михаил Федорович
Published: September 2024

В статье обсуждаются проблемы языков, их эволюции в современных обществах. В обществах модерна подчеркивается значимость свободы выбора, включая выбор идентичностей. Однако, как показывает практика, это выбор имеет довольно жесткие ограничения в действующем законодательстве и культурной норме. С одной стороны, никто не имеет права запрещать гражданину общаться на родном языке и воспитывать своих детей в той традиции, которую он или она считают естественной. С другой, существуют универсальные требования, исходящие из гражданского состояния и включающие в себя языковые компетенции. Это противоречие неизменно помещает языковой вопрос в конкретный политический контекст, делает его вопросом социальным и политическим. Опыт европейских стран показал, что нормы, уравнивающие государственные языки и языки официальные, далеко не безобидны. Установление региональных языков в качестве официальных стало одним из поводов для некоторых политических сил и деятелей настаивать на независимости и, по меньшей мере, на более высоком уровне автономии в существующих государственных границах. Российское законодательство и практики регулирования языковой сферы находятся под влиянием советского законодательства и советского опыта, заключающихся в политике сохранения и развития национальных языков. Реализуя эту политику, российское государство сталкивается с необходимостью учитывать и динамику языковой сферы, и проблемы, которые в ней возникают.
DNAMA VSVC Guidebook v1
Authors: Singer Harte , Birkebak Joshua , Dirks Alden , Williams Jessica , Ostuni Scott
Published: September 2024

A guidebook for learning how to analyze and validate fungal nrITS barcode data generated by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION sequencing platform using free software and platforms.