bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Virtual Reality Technology in Safety Training Solution for Construction Site of Urban Cities
Authors: Xu Zheng , Zheng Nan
Published: December 2020

The lack of experiential training has become the primary cause of incidents that could have been easily avoided in construction areas, and the implementation of experimental training is crucial in minimizing incidents at construction sites. The limitation on the available training tools has made it impossible to build up a real test site or reproduce the constructing scenarios. This research aims to develop an immersive and interactive multiplayer-based training platform that incorporates virtual reality (VR) technology to improve the safety awareness of workers. The developed simulation platform serves as a training solution, enabling the provision of repeatable and flexible procedures within a secure environment. An evaluation survey was conducted to make a comparison between traditional training methods and the proposed VR solution. Promisingly, the results indicate that workers were better trained under the developed immersive environment, and they could memorize critical points more effectively because the implementation of VR technology can allow people to experience hazardous situations without being physically injured, thus creating a safer and more efficient training environment. This study reveals that the nomination of the proposed VR platform could reap many benefits and become an advantageous tool for construction training, as well as stimulate human-machine interaction research.
Biological Characterization and Instrumental Analytical Comparison of Two Biorefining Pretreatments for Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Biomass Hydrolysis
Authors: Singh Jitendra Kumar , Chaurasia Bhawana , Dubey Anamika , Faneite Noguera Alexis Manuel , Gupta Aditi , Kothari Richa , Upadhyaya Chandrama Prakash , Kumar Ashwani , Hashem Abeer , Alqarawi Abdulaziz A. , Abd Allah Elsayed Fathi
Published: December 2020

Water hyacinth is a rapidly growing troublesome aquatic weed plant, which causes eutrophication in water bodies and irreversible damage to the ecological system. In this work, we have investigated the water hyacinth biomass (WHB) hydrolysis efficacy of dilute alkaline (DA) pretreatment followed by biological pretreatment with white-rot fungus Alternaria alternata strain AKJK-2. The effectiveness of the dilute alkaline (DA) and biological pretreatment process on WHB was confirmed by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), and was further visualized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). XRD spectra showed the increase in the crystallinity of pretreated samples, attributed to the elimination of amorphous components as lignin and hemicellulose. FTIR peak analysis of pre-treated WHB showed substantial changes in the absorption of cellulose functional groups and the elimination of lignin signals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed firm, compact, highly ordered, and rigid fibril structures without degradation in the untreated WHB sample, while the pretreated samples exhibited loose, dispersed, and distorted structures. XRD indices (Segal, Landis, and Faneite), and FTIR indices [Hydrogen bond intensity (HBI); Total crystallinity index (TCI); and Lateral order crystallinity (LOI)] results were similar to the aforementioned results, and also showed an increase in the crystallinity both in alkaline and biological pretreatments. Alkaline pretreated WHB, with these indices, also showed the highest crystallinity and a crystalline allomorphs mixture of cellulose I (native) and cellulose II. These results were further validated by the CLSM, wherein fluorescent signals were lost after the pretreatment of WHB over control. Overall, these findings showed the significant potential of integrated assessment tools with chemical and biological pretreatment for large-scale utilization and bioconversion of this potential aquatic weed for bioenergy production.
Health Risks in Our Environment: Urban Slum Youth’ Perspectives Using Photovoice in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Ssemugabo Charles , Nalinya Sarah , Lubega Grace Biyinzika , Ndejjo Rawlance , Musoke David
Published: December 2020

Due to increasing urbanization, many people find themselves living in slums that expose them to several health risks. We explored urban health risks that fall short of the planetary boundaries in an urban slum in Kampala, Uganda using photovoice. We selected, trained, and assigned ten youth (five females and five males) to take photos on urban health risks. The photographs were discussed, and transcripts were analyzed based on the doughnut economics model using content analysis in NVivo 12. Environments and actions of slum dwellers expose them to health risks, and cause them to live at the edge of planetary boundaries. Environmental sanitation challenges, including solid and liquid waste management, excreta management, and food hygiene and safety expose slum dwellers to risks at the edge of the lower boundary of the planet. Urban conditions expose slum dwellers to poor physical infrastructure, undesirable work conditions, pollution, and health and safety challenges. Crime, violence, and substance use were also viewed as vices that make slum environments dangerous habitats. On the other hand, practices like inhabiting wetlands and using biomass fuels in addition to traffic fumes expose slum dwellers to effects associated with living above the planetary boundaries. Urban youth reflected on health risks that have immediate effects on their health and day-to-day living. Urbanization, especially in low resource settings, needs to be cognizant of the ensuing risks to health and thus ensure sustainable growth.
BIM-Enabled Virtual Reality (VR) for Sustainability Life Cycle and Cost Assessment
Authors: Kamari Aliakbar , Paari Ashwin , Torvund Henrik Øien
Published: December 2020

Virtual Reality (VR) is receiving ever-increasing attention and is utilized by many construction companies in their current practices. This paper aims at a critical investigation of the impact of VR technology on how sustainability and cost are understood and perceived by the users in building design projects, which could lead to improving and supporting the actual building design processes. The research study focused on evaluating design alternatives using Building Information Modeling (BIM)-enabled VR technology integrated with cost and sustainability life cycle assessment (LCA) software. In doing so, the paper begins with reviewing the relevant literature in the mentioned areas. Thereafter, it adopts an experimental-qualitative-quantitative method to test the research hypothesis and analyze the effects of 360-degree VR on the users (66 participants), while distinguishing between users who have a relevant background in building/construction engineering (i.e., architect engineers and civil engineers), and those who have not (i.e., owners and clients). It is observed that despite their background, the user participants positively embrace the ideas and aspirations of sustainability, and that there is some evidence of respondents preferring the economy over sustainability. Likewise, the participants are not making an effort to measure the emissions of their design options rather than focus on the building’s economic aspects.
Hybridity as a Result of the Marketization of Public Services: Catalyst or Obstruction for Sustainable Development? Deductions from a Study of Three Hybrid Waste Management Organizations in The Netherlands
Authors: Karré Philip Marcel
Published: December 2020

Increasingly, hybridity, i.e., the combination of contrasting and conflicting elements within organizations, is seen as a way to create innovation and synergy in dealing with complex societal questions, leading to more sustainable development. Much research on the subject deals with the phenomenon of social enterprise, but hybridity also takes place in other, more traditional organizational settings. For example, many governments have created hybrid organizations by embracing new public management (NPM) as a way to overcome the perceived shortcomings of traditional, hierarchical forms of public administration, such as inefficiency and the lack of an entrepreneurial spirit. Here, hybridity is often not so much seen as a way to increase sustainability but rather as a way to cut cost and to increase the quality of service provision. This article adds the sustainability dimension to this discussion through a deductive approach, reinterpreting the results from a study on the effects of the hybridity of three municipal waste management organizations in the Netherlands. The main conclusions are that hybridity leads to a more professional management style but also to more attention on output than on outcome. The article discusses what this means in terms of pursuing sustainability and sustainable development.
An Agent-Based Sustainability Perspective on Payment for Ecosystem Services: Analytical Framework and Empirical Application
Authors: Xie Zhenglei , Zhou Bing-Bing , Xu Hanzeyu , Zhang Le , Wang Jing
Published: December 2020

Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), a market-based policy instrument for the conservation and environmental management that aims to coordinate the interests of upstream and downstream ecosystem service (ES) stakeholders, has been adopted worldwide. However, the success of PES depends on the desirability of programs targeting rural communities and smallholders. In this article, an agent-based sustainability perspective on PES was proposed and applied to examine a PES case study of the Converting-Orchard-to-Forest (COF) project in Dongjiang Headwater Watershed (DHW). We used household interview-based information and associated secondary data to quantitatively assess the environmental consequences and livelihood impacts of the COF project. The findings show that: (1) the COF participants at the upstream suffered from substantial income loss due to decreased orchard area; (2) the participants’ chemical fertilizer and compound fertilizer consumption was larger than their nonparticipating counterparts; and (3) the COF participants and nonparticipants increased the material assets and reduced their fuelwood use and increased the liquefied petroleum gas. Our findings suggest that, because of the significant income loss experienced by the upstream participants, the COF program is unsustainable with the participants very likely to cultivate the orchard again once the COF project ends. The research provides insightful information regarding PES implementation and sustainability of similar PES schemes.
Disability, Sport, and Television: Media Visibility and Representation of Paralympic Games in News Programs
Authors: Kolotouchkina Olga , Llorente-Barroso Carmen , García-Guardia María Luisa , Pavón Juan
Published: December 2020

With a few exceptions, media visibility and representation of people with disabilities is scarce. It is biased and anchored in stigma, distorting their image and hindering their full social participation. Paralympic sport is one of the social fields where the challenge of an objective representation of disability becomes particularly important due to the ever-increasing amount of television attention to the Paralympic Games as a global sports event and some persisting stereotypes in media representation of athletes with disabilities. Through an exploratory and interpretive research method, aimed at assessing media visibility of disability from the perspective of content production and its dissemination, the paper reviews the evolution of media representation of the Paralympic Games and athletes with disabilities during Sochi 2014, Rio 2016, and PyeongChang 2018 global sports events in the daily news programs from the National Spanish Broadcaster, RTVE. The effective inclusion of people with disabilities in the public sphere and a progressive removal of stereotypes and stigma depends to a great extent on the visibility and objective representation of disability in media.
Unsupervised Learning from Videos for Object Discovery in Single Images
Authors: Zhao Dong , Ding Baoqing , Wu Yulin , Chen Lei , Zhou Hongchao
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes a method for discovering the primary objects in single images by learning from videos in a purely unsupervised manner—the learning process is based on videos, but the generated network is able to discover objects from a single input image. The rough idea is that an image typically consists of multiple object instances (like the foreground and background) that have spatial transformations across video frames and they can be sparsely represented. By exploring the sparsity representation of a video with a neural network, one may learn the features of each object instance without any labels, which can be used to discover, recognize, or distinguish object instances from a single image. In this paper, we consider a relatively simple scenario, where each image roughly consists of a foreground and a background. Our proposed method is based on encoder-decoder structures to sparsely represent the foreground, background, and segmentation mask, which further reconstruct the original images. We apply the feed-forward network trained from videos for object discovery in single images, which is different from the previous co-segmentation methods that require videos or collections of images as the input for inference. The experimental results on various object segmentation benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed method extracts primary objects accurately and robustly, which suggests that unsupervised image learning tasks can benefit from the sparsity of images and the inter-frame structure of videos.
Gravitational Dispersion Forces and Gravity Quantization
Authors: Pinto Fabrizio
Published: December 2020

The parallel development of the theories of electrodynamical and gravitational dispersion forces reveals important differences. The former arose earlier than the formulation of quantum electrodynamics so that expressions for the unretarded, van der Waals forces were obtained by treating the field as classical. Even after the derivation of quantum electrodynamics, semiclassical considerations continued to play a critical role in the interpretation of the full results, including in the retarded regime. On the other hand, recent predictions about the existence of gravitational dispersion forces were obtained without any consideration that the gravitational field might be fundamentally classical. This is an interesting contrast, as several semiclassical theories of electrodynamical dispersion forces exist although the electromagnetic field is well known to be quantized, whereas no semiclassical theory of gravitational dispersion forces was ever developed although a full quantum theory of gravity is lacking. In the first part of this paper, we explore this evolutionary process from a historical point of view, stressing that the existence of a Casimir effect is insufficient to demonstrate that a field is quantized. In the second part of the paper, we show that the recently published results about gravitational dispersion forces can be obtained without quantizing the gravitational field. This is done first in the unretarded regime by means of Margenau’s treatment of multipole dispersion forces, also obtaining mixed potentials. These results are extended to the retarded regime by generalizing to the gravitational field the approach originally proposed by McLachlan. The paper closes with a discussion of experimental challenges and philosophical implications connected to gravitational dispersion forces.
Spatiotemporal Change of Urban Sprawl Patterns in Bamako District in Mali Based on Time Series Analysis
Authors: Keita Moussa Aliou , Ruan Renzong , An Ru
Published: December 2020

For decades, urban sprawl has remained a major challenge for big cities in developing countries, such as Bamako. The aim of this study is to analyze urban sprawl pattern changes over time in the Bamako district using landscape index analyses. Four thematic maps of land cover (LC) were produced by applying the maximum likelihood supervised classification method on Landsat images for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018. Five landscape indexes were selected and calculated at class level and landscape level using FRAGSTATS software. The results showed that the dominant class for all the years within the landscape was a built-up class. Forest class covered the smallest area in terms of the percentage of land (%PLAND), and was the weakest class in terms of number of patches (NP) and largest patch index (LPI). Grassland is defined as the class with the highest fragmentation, farmland with the highest shape irregularity and more heterogeneity, and built-up with the highest patches. Class area (CA) of built-up showed the importance of sprawl in Communes 6, 5, and 4, respectively. Indices trends and land use/cover showed infill, scattered, and ribbon developments of sprawl. This study contributes toward monitoring long-term urban sprawl patterns using index analyses.
Current Understanding of the Role of Cholesterol in the Life Cycle of Alphaviruses
Authors: Sousa Ivanildo P. , Carvalho Carlos A. M. , Gomes Andre M. O.
Published: December 2020

Enveloped viruses rely on different lipid classes present in cell membranes to accomplish several steps of their life cycle in the host. Particularly for alphaviruses, a medically important group of arboviruses, which are part of the Togaviridae family, cholesterol seems to be a critical lipid exploited during infection, although its relevance may vary depending on which stage of the virus life cycle is under consideration and whether infection takes place in vertebrate or invertebrate hosts. In this review, the role of cholesterol in both early and late events of alphavirus infection and how viral replication may affect cholesterol metabolism are summarized, taking into account studies on Old World and New World alphaviruses in different cell lines. Moreover, the importance of cholesterol for the structural stability of alphavirus particles is also discussed, shedding light on the role played by this lipid when they leave the host cell.
The 20th Anniversary Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Virology Association
Authors: Rovnak Joel , St Clair Laura A. , McAlister Carley , Ogbu Chinemerem P. , Smolenske Jessica , Cohrs Randall J. , Perera Rushika
Published: December 2020

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and multiple devastating forest fires, the 2020 meeting of the Rocky Mountain Virology Association was held virtually. The three-day gathering featured talks describing recent advances in virology and prion research. The keynote presentation described the measles virus paradox of immune suppression and life-long immunity. Special invited speakers presented information concerning visualizing antiviral effector cell biology in mucosal tissues, uncovering the T-cell tropism of Epstein-Barr virus type 2, a history and current survey of coronavirus spike proteins, a summary of Zika virus vaccination and immunity, the innate immune response to flavivirus infections, a discussion concerning prion disease as it relates to multiple system atrophy, and clues for discussing virology with the non-virologist. On behalf of the Rocky Mountain Virology Association, this report summarizes selected presentations.
Putative Novel Serotypes ‘33’ and ‘35’ in Clinically Healthy Small Ruminants in Mongolia Expand the Group of Atypical BTV
Authors: Ries Christina , Sharav Tumenjargal , Tseren-Ochir Erdene-Ochir , Beer Martin , Hoffmann Bernd
Published: December 2020

Between 2015 and 2018, we identified the presence of three so-far-unknown Bluetongue virus (BTV) strains (BTV-MNG1/2018, BTV-MNG2/2016, and BTV-MNG3/2016) circulating in clinical healthy sheep and goats in Mongolia. Virus isolation from EDTA blood samples of BTV-MNG1/2018 and BTV-MNG3/2016 was successful on the mammalian cell line BSR using blood collected from surveillance. After experimental inoculation of goats with BTV-MNG2/2016 positive blood as inoculum, we observed viraemia in one goat and with the EDTA blood of the experimental inoculation, the propagation of BTV-MNG2/2016 in cell culture was successful on mammalian cell line BSR as well. However, virus isolation experiments for BTV-MNG2/2016 on KC cells were unsuccessful. Furthermore, we generated the complete coding sequence of all three novel Mongolian strains. For atypical BTV, serotyping via the traditional serum neutralization assay is not trivial. We therefore sorted the ‘putative novel atypical serotypes’ according to their segment-2 sequence identities and their time point of sampling. Hence, the BTV-MNG1/2018 isolate forms the ‘putative novel atypical serotype’ 33, the BTV-MNG3/2016 the ‘putative novel atypical serotype’ 35, whereas the BTV-MNG2/2016 strain belongs to the same putative novel atypical serotype ‘30’ as BTV-XJ1407 from China.
Water Conservation and Green Infrastructure Adaptations to Reduce Water Scarcity for Residential Areas with Semi-Arid Climate: Mineral de la Reforma, Mexico
Authors: Bigurra-Alzati Carlos Alfredo , Ortiz-Gómez Ruperto , Vázquez-Rodríguez Gabriela A. , López-León Luis D. , Lizárraga-Mendiola Liliana
Published: December 2020

The increasing population and urban sprawl will continue to add significant pressure to natural resources in arid and semi-arid zones. This study evaluates the theoretical effectiveness of adapting resilient strategies such as water conservation and green infrastructure to mitigate the water scarcity faced by the inhabitants of a residential area with a semi-arid climate. Three scenarios were analyzed at a micro-basin level to determine the mitigation of surface runoff and the volume that can be theoretically intercepted for further use: (a) unaltered natural watershed (scenario 1), (b) currently urbanized watershed (scenario 2), and (c) watershed adapted with resilient strategies (scenario 3). For this last scenario, the annual usable volume of rainwater intercepted on the dwelling rooftops was obtained. The runoff and peak flow in the natural watershed were lower than in the other two scenarios. In contrast, a decrease in the runoff was observed in scenario 3 concerning scenario 2, which indicates that the interception of rainwater on house roofs and the adoption of green infrastructure solutions would significantly reduce the diameter of urban drainage pipes required in new developments, as well as the dependency of inhabitants on potable water services. In sites with semi-arid climates, it is possible to take advantage of the rainwater harvested on rooftops and the runoff intercepted through green infrastructure to mitigate local water scarcity problems, which should be considered and adopted in new residential developments.
Improving Water Sustainability through Modeling Optimum Sites for Riparian Forest Reforestation
Authors: Torres Daniel Henrique Alves , Vivas Neto Dácio de Castro , Santos Danilo Vieira Mendes dos , Soares Carlos Alberto Pereira
Published: December 2020

The margins of Brazilian rivers are considered Permanent Preservation Areas—APPs, due to the riparian forest’s water resource preservation capacity. However, a significant portion of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome, in which the Jacaré River basin is located, has suffered increasing deforestation over the past decades. This research aimed to use a methodology integrating Geographic Information System (GIS), fuzzy logic, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and sensitivity analysis to model the selection of riparian protected area stretches that presents the best successful riparian forest reforestation using a real case, the Jacaré river basin, whose characteristics are often in Brazilian watersheds. To identify the main drivers that influence reforestation success, we carried out a broad and detailed bibliographic research. To establish the relative importance among the drivers, we conducted a survey with experts. The results showed that areas with moderate chances of reforestation prevail in the studied region. Due to the areas’ distribution pattern, a significant portion of the best sites were grouped, forming regions that create environments that favor aquatic and riverside life development and ecological balance maintenance, thus bringing together fundamental characteristics to improve water resources sustainability. The best sites have dystrophic or eutrophic soil, with a slope of up to 15%. Besides, they are mainly covered by grass and are close to forest fragments with low vulnerability.
An Innovative Approach to Determine Coastal Scenic Beauty and Sensitivity in a Scenario of Increasing Human Pressure and Natural Impacts due to Climate Change
Authors: Mooser Alexis , Anfuso Giorgio , Williams Allan T. , Molina Rosa , Aucelli Pietro P. C.
Published: December 2020

Coasts worldwide face a great variety of environmental impacts, as well as increased anthropogenic pressures due to urbanization and rapid population growth. Human activities menace ecosystem services and the economy of coastal countries, often based on “Sun, Sea and Sand” (3S) tourism. The five parameters of greatest importance (the “Big Five”) for beach visitors are safety, facilities, water quality, no litter and scenery, and the characterization of the latter was recently carried out by means of a checklist of 26 natural and human parameters, parameter weighting matrices and fuzzy logic, according to the “Coastal Scenic Evaluation System” (CSES) methodology. In order to propose sound coastal management strategies, the main aim of this paper is to propose a method to determine the scenic sensitivity of (i) natural parameters to coastal natural processes in a Climate Change context and (ii) human parameters to visitors’ pressure in a scenario of increasing tourism and coastal developments. Regarding natural parameters, the sensitivity of “Beach face” and “Dunes” parameters is determined according to an Erodibility Index with a Correction Factor, taking into account wave forcing characteristics, tidal range and trends at a local scale of Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge. This establishes a Sensitivity Index to natural processes. A site’s scenic sensitivity to human pressure/activities was determined by considering the sensitivity of several human parameters of the CSES method according to beach typology and access difficulty together with the Protection Area Management Category to which a site belongs. A Human Impact Index is obtained, which is afterwards corrected by taking into account local trends of tourism pressure, establishing a Sensitivity Index to human pressure. Finally, a total Sensitivity Index considering both natural processes and human pressure is obtained, and sites divided into three sensitive groups. The results can be useful to limit and prevent environmental degradation linked to natural processes and tourism development, and also to suggest measures to improve the scenic value of investigated sites and their sustainable usage. The method was tested for 29 sites of great scenic quality along the Mediterranean coast of Andalusia, Spain.
Unity Starts with U: A Case Study of a Counter-Hate Campaign Through the Use of Social Media Platforms
Authors: Leung Candace , Frank Richard
Published: December 2020

Hate has been a growing concern with hate-groups and individuals using the Internet, or more specifically, social media platforms, to globalize hate. Since these social media platforms can connect users around the world, hate-organizations are using these connections as opportunities to recruit candidates and spread their propaganda. Without opposing views, these extreme viewpoints can establish themselves as legitimate and then be used to incite hate in individuals. Thus, these extreme viewpoints must be countered by similar messages to discourage this online hate, and one such way is to use the same platforms through grassroots movements. This paper presents a case study which was conducted on a class of Criminology students who implemented a grassroots community-based campaign called Unity Starts with U (USwithU) to counter-hate in a community by using social media platforms to spread messages of inclusion and share experiences. The results from the campaign showed improvements on people’s attitude towards hate at the local community level. Based on literature and this campaign, policy recommendations are suggested for policymakers to consider when creating or making improvements on counter-narrative programs.
Dialogue as Being With: An Antitoxin to Hate and Intolerance
Authors: Osborne Tony
Published: December 2020

As the social and political landscape becomes more fearful, intolerant, and self-centered, the concept of dialogue offers a different path, a constructive way of approaching alien ideas and beliefs. Understanding the principles of true dialogue is the most effective way to foster inner and outer harmony, broaden one’s horizons, and check aggressive, intolerant impulses. Dialogue’s roots are ancient, related to a method of argument called dialectic. It is a special partnership based on mutual respect and humility. Dialogue isn’t easy to engender. It requires four pre-conditions: 1) non-empirically verifiable topic; 2) two-way flow; 3) fairness; and 4) willingness to risk self-identity.
Unique Characteristics of Bias Crimes Committed by Males or Females in the United States
Authors: Stotzer Rebecca , Godinet Meripa , Davidson Janet
Published: December 2020

Despite increased research on women’s criminal offending patterns, research on women’s involvement in bias crimes is almost nonexistent. This study examines bias crime incidences that are considered crimes against persons (e.g., assault, murder, robbery, sexual assault) collected in the National Incidence-based Reporting System from 2009–2012 to determine what features characterize crimes committed by men or women. Results indicate that female bias crime suspects choose different victims than male suspects; female suspects are more likely than men to target friends and family members, more likely to target other women, and more frequently commit crimes based on race/ethnicity/national origin than religion or sexual orientation-based bias crimes, and were less likely to use a firearm. Men and women were similar in their suspect characteristics (such as using alcohol/drugs before the crime) and the overall incident characteristics (such as causing injury). These results suggest that we need to more critically examine current models of bias crime commission, and to include bias crimes as another avenue to help uncover differences in male and female offending.
Mediação segundo Peirce e Latour
Authors: Santaella Lucia , Cardoso Tarcisio
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo pretende explorar o conceito de “mediação” na obra de dois autores: Charles S. Peirce e Bruno Latour. Sem a intenção de confrontar ambas as teorias, o artigo dedica-se a uma tarefa prévia que é aquela de explicitar a natureza desse conceito na obra de cada um desses pensadores. Em Peirce, o conceito de mediação é lógico e radicalmente abstrato. Este artigo busca trilhar o caminho realizado por Peirce para alcançar o nível de abstração a que chegou, examinando as consequências des. A seguir é apresentada a proposta antropológicasociológica latouriana, destacando sua crítica aos dualismos próprios da modernidade, sua proposta para a ação dos híbridos, e a articulação de tal proposta com as noções latourianas de intermediário, mediador e actante. Tanto em Peirce como em Latour, nota-se a existência de uma dimensão não dual, que rompe, em certo sentido, com o dualismo sujeito/objeto ao instaurar o “império do meio”. Fica assim evidenciada a proeminência da mediação como ação do meio. Com isso, o presente texto pretende servir de base para pesquisas sobre mediação, dada a relevância desse conceito em um mundo mergulhado em antagonismos nos quais se encontra em falta o império do meio.
Non-Verbal Communication by Autistic Children
Authors: Safira Irga , Rangkuti Rahmadsyah , Nasution Ely Hayati , Harefa Yulianus
Published: December 2020

This paper entitled ‘Non-Verbal Communication by Autistic Children’ was conducted with the aim to find out the components of kinesics as a part of nonverbal communication expressed by autistic children when interacting with their teachers at SLB ABC Taman Pendidikan Islam. Beside that this study also intended to know the meanings of those kinesics components expressed by autistic children when interacting with their teachers. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach by applying kinesics theory by Ray Birdwhistell. The data collection techniques were conducted by using non-participant observation techniques and documentation. The documents used to support this study were in the form of photographs and video recorder that showed the communication done by the autistic children with their teachers during the learning process in the class. The results showed that although autistic children cannot interact clearly through verbal communication, they can express their desires through non verbal communication. They can communicate by expressing it through facial expressions, eye contact, body movement, posture and touch. The meaning of the non-verbal communication expressed by each autistic child has a different meaning. This study also intended to give worthy contribution to all people who want to understand the non-verbal communication of autistic children.
Microalloying of low carbon steel with boron and a method for determining the effective concentration of dissolved boron
Authors: Yu Projdak , V Manidin , L Isaeva , L Kamkina , O Bezshkurenko
Published: December 2020

Goal. The effect of boron on the properties of steel is considered. It has been established that hardenability improves due to the influence of boron, which is not bound in oxides, nitrides or other compounds. This boron is in solid solution in austenite and is called an “effective” boron. The mechanism of increasing the hardenability of steel due to such boron is associated with inhibition of the occurrence of crystallization centers of ferrite and bainite. Methodology.The effective fraction of boron in dissolved state in austenite is determined by the method of electrochemical phase analysis.
The microalloying of low-carbon steel 08kp with boron is tested on industrial heats under conditions of Martin workshop of JSC «Zaporozhstal». Smelting and teeming of steel were performed according to the requirements of operating technology. The input of ferroboron into metal took place while letting out the heats into the ladle after completion of the ferromanganese input. All the experimental heats were blown through in the ladle with argon to appearance of the furnace slag. For microalloying the ferroboron of the grade FB20 was used.
At the by-sheet sorting of the experimental ingot of the heat (the average content of boron in the heat - 0,00138%), sampling of metal rolled stock was brought off on 5 horizons by the height. In every sample the chemical analysis for the content of boron was executed in 3th points, corresponding to the edge of roll, ¼ on the width and axis. Results of the chemical analysis are presented in the table 1. At the average content of boron in the heat - 0,00138%, the content of boron was distributed along the height and width of the ingot was distributed from 0,0008% (-0,00058%) to 0,0024% (+ 0,00102%).
Results. The technology of microalloying low-carbon steel with boron has been mastered with obtaining a guaranteed content of at least 0,0008%. Putting a ferroboron into the ladle with a flow rate of 0.26 - 0.31 kg / t followed by purging the metal in a ladle with pure argon provides the boron content in the steel 0.0009 - 0.0015%. The absorption of boron during microalloying depends on the fractional composition of boron-containing material. For a fraction of less than 3 mm, assimilation is 29%, and for a fraction of 5-10 mm, 76% of the assimilation values obtained for an optimal fraction of 20-40 mm. Boron in 08kp steel increases the tensile strength by 4.5% and the yield strength by 2.6% compared with the average values of this steel without boron.
Standardization of Equipment and Methods of Medical Control in Manned Space Flights and Issues of Telemedicine
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (NRU), Strogonova L.B. , Vasin Yu.A. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (NRU), Gardunio R.A. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (NRU), Knyazev A.N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution Federal Clinical Center of High Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia
Published: December 2020

Since April 1961, all manned space flights have been accompanied by medical control ensuring flight safety. Medical control in space flight has a technological and medical methodology that allows, at a distance from medical specialists, to make an adequate medical decision for the current situation. This work would be impossible if there were no measures taken to unify and standardize equipment and techniques. Telemedicine technologies developed on the basis of flight medical control. The origin of the word telemedicine comes from the expression «telemetric medical information», adopted in space technology. The issues of mutual development and mutual enrichment, standardization of methods and equipment of two areas of medicine, medical control in extreme situations and general telemedicine are considered in this article.
Implementation of an environmental management system at aviation enterprises as a factor in increasing the competitiveness of their products
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (NRU), Afonina O.A. , Galkina E.E. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (NRU), Guseva T.I. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (NRU), Nezvedova S.A. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (NRU), Rassadina D.O. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (NRU)
Published: December 2020

The competitiveness of the enterprise in the international market is determined by many factors, including the environmental efficiency of its work. Environmental efficiency can be improved by introducing an environmental management system at the enterprise, the effectiveness of which is influenced by the organization of the process of its development, systematic coverage of problems, and thorough elaboration of the system. The environmental performance of the enterprise has a positive impact on economic performance.
A Atuação dos Sujeitos Processuais na Cooperação Judiciária Nacional: Entre o Dever do Juiz de Realizar e o Direito da Parte de Participar
Authors: Aragão Nilsiton Rodrigues de Andrade
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo analisa a cooperação judiciária nacional com foco na atuação dos sujeitos processuais. Inicialmente, serão abordadas as potencialidades e limites do dever de cooperação, destacando-se as recusas aceitas para interação dos juízes. Em relação às partes, dentre as medidas a serem observadas, destaca-se a necessidade resguardar a garantia constitucional do contraditório, em face do direito de influência, para que os sujeitos processuais possam participar efetivamente de sua construção, bem como impugnar os atos realizados.
PENDAMPINGAN KEGIATAN FISIK MOTORIK KASAR MENGGUNAKAN SIRKUIT DI LAHAN LEMBAGA PRASEKOLAH MINIMALIS KECAMATAN KARANGPLOSO MALANG
Authors: Kusuma Ari
Published: December 2020

Focus of devotion was physical gross motor. In Karangploso there are 24% minimalist schools. So that it cannot perform motor physical activities optimally. The solution to that problem was to implemented a circuit. To help optimize the physical development of gross motor. Even though it was a minimalist school. After being given trained, teachers can design circuits in their schools. Material for safe circuits used for children. Material used can be stored. and used again.
PERKEMBANGAN REGULASI RUMAH IBADAT DALAM KONTEKS NEGARA BANGSA (NKRI) PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID AL-SYARI’AH
Authors: Sukandi Sukandi
Published: December 2020

The background of this research is the phenomenon that occurs in the Indonesian society that shows the gap between das sein and das sollen. Evidenced by the destruction, rejection, and burning of houses of worship. Rules should bring benefit to all people, not only to the majority. The rejection of the majority community towards the establishment of the Synagogue is a sign that there is a possibility of errors in the regulations or the community. The method used is the library method. The results of this study are the development of the houses of worship regulations can be grouped into two models. The first model is to detail or complete the previous regulations, which are in the licensing, monitoring and conflict resolution items. The second model is to bring up new regulations that did not exist in the previous regulations, namely in the presence of the religious harmony forum (FKUB) items and sources of funds, temporary houses of worship, temporary permits for building utilization, and transition mechanisms. While the second formulation produced Maqashid Al-Shari'ah's views on the development of the houses of worship regulations can be categorized into three groups. The first category is Dharuriyat, namely: the establishment of houses of worship and the formation of the religious harmony forum (FKUB). The second category is Hajiyat, the main purpose of making regulations on houses of worship is the realization of religious harmony under the auspices of the religious harmony forum (FKUB). They are: Supervision, Reporting and Resolution of conflicts. The third category is Tahsiniyat, if this regulation is not enforced it will not interfere with the realization of the main objective. This regulation is in the form of: Temporary Worship House, Temporary Permit for Building Utilization and Transition Mechanism for Worship.
1035325 Pelaksanaan Penjahitan dengan Metode Jelujur Pada Laserasi Jalan Lahir Tingkat I Sebagai Upaya Pencegaham Perdarahan Pada Ibu Bersalin
Authors: Bina Aquari
Published: December 2020

Laserasi Jalan lahir adalah laserasi yang terjadi biasanya ringan tetapi seringkali juga terjadi laserasi yang luas dan berbahaya, untuk itu setelah persalinan harus di lakukan pemeriksaan vulva dan perineum. Perdarahan dalam keadaan dimana plasenta telah lahir lengkap dan kontraksi rahim baik, dapat di pastikan bahwa perdarahan tersebut berasal dari laserasi jalan lahir maka di lakukan dengan metode jelujur. Di Klinik/BP Anisa Mainan, pada tahun 2017 laserasi tingkat I sebanyak 84 persalinan atau 42,63 % dari 197 persalinan normal. Sedangkan tahun 2018 laserasi tingkat I sebanyak 96 persalinan atau 49,48 % dari 194 persalinan normal dan tahun 2019 masih meningkat yaitu laserasi tingkat I sebanyak 97 persalinan atau 53,00 % dari 183 persalinan normal. Tujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan penjahitan dengan metode jelujur pada laserasi jalan lahir tingkat I sebagai upaya untuk pencegahan perdarahan pada ibu bersalin di Klinik/BP Anisa Mainan tahun 2020. Penelitian menggunakan metode action research dengan tujuan utama pelaksanaan kegiatan atau tindakan perbaikan sesuatu yang perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasinya. Populasi penelitian adalah semua ibu bersalin yang berkunjung di Klinik/BP Anisa Mainan berjumlah 35 responden. Sampel menggunakan accidendal sampling, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menggunakan cek list dan wawancara yaitu 10 responden. Hasil analisa dalam bentuk narasi di dapatkan 10 responden yang standar pelaksanaan penjahitan metode jelujur pada laserasi jalan lahir tingkat I, dan 8 responden setelah di lakukan penjahitan tidak terjadi perdarahan hanya 2 responden yang mengalami perdarahan akibat kontraksi uterus tidak baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di harapkan bagi pasien setelah di lakukan penjahitan agar bermobilisasi dini dan agar dapat melakukan perawatan luka penjahitan dan bagi petugas kesehatan dapat tetap meningkatkan mutu kerja yang baik
1035325 Retensio Plasenta Ditinjau dari Paritas Ibu dan Anemia di RSUD Kota Prabumulih
Authors: Desti Widya Astuti
Published: December 2020

Mayoritas kasus kematian ibu disebabkan oleh perdarahan saat melahirkan. Perdarahan ini dapat disebabkan oleh atonia uteri 5060%, retensio plasenta 23-29%, serta robekan jalan lahir 4-5%. Retensio plasenta adalah keadaan dimana plasenta belum lahir dalam waktu setengah jam setelah bayi lahir. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan adanya plasenta tidak lahir spontan dan tidak yakin apakah plasenta lengkap.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara paritas ibu dan anemia dengan kejadian retensio plasenta di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Survey Analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Popuasi penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang bersalin di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2019 yang berjumlah 1712 orang. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 324 responden. Pada analisa univariat diketahui bahwa dari 324 responden didapatkan bahwa ibu yang mengalami retensio plasenta sebanyak 106 responden (32,7%) lebih sedikit dari ibu yang tidak mengalami retensio plasenta yaitu sebanyak 218 responden (67,3%) . Pada analisa univariat diketahui bahwa dari 324 responden didapatkan bahwa ibu dengan paritas resiko tinggi sebanyak 169 responden (52,2%) lebih banyak dari ibu yang paritas resiko rendah yaitu sebanyak 155 responden (47,8%). Pada analisa univariat diketahui bahwa dari 324 responden didapatkan ibu yang di diagnosa anemia sebanyak 178 responden (54,9%) lebih banyak dari ibu yang tidak di diagnosa anemia yaitu sebanyak 146 responden (45,1%). Analisa Bivariat menunjukan Paritas Ibu mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian Retensio Plasenta (p value 0,000) dan Anemia mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian (p value 0,00). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara paritas ibu dan anemia dengan kejadian retensio plasenta di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2019
1035325 Pengetahuan Ibu Nifas Tentang Perawatan Luka Jahitan Perineum
Authors: Tri Maharani
Published: December 2020

Persalinan seringkali mengakibatkan perlukaan jalan lahir. Luka biasanya ringan, tetapi dapat juga terjadi luka yang luas dan berbahaya sehingga dapat menyebabkan infeksi. Setelah persalinan harus selalu dilakukan pemeriksaaan vulva dan perineum. Sebagai akibat persalianan, terutama pada seorang primipara, biasa timbul luka pada vulva. Begitu juga pada robekan perineum terjadi hampir semua persalinan pertama dan juga persalinan berikutnya (Sarwono, 2008). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan ibu nifas tentang perawatan luka jahitan perineum di BPS Fransiska Pontianak. Desain Penelitian menggunakan metode deskritif dengan pendekatan survey. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari tanggal 26 juni 2018 sampai 8 juli 2018 dengan subjek penelitian ibu nifas yang dirawat di BPS Fransiska Pontianak. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakana accidental sampling. Sampel sebanyak 31 orang.Secara umum pengetahuan ibu nifas tentang pengertian dan tujuan perawatan luka jahitan perineum dikategorikan baik yaitu sebanyak 17 responden (54,8%). Berdasarkan pengetahuan ibu nifas tentang tanda-tanda infeksi luka jahitan perineum sebanyak 18 responden (58,1%) dikategorikan kurang. Berdasarkan cara perawatan luka jahitan perineum yaitu sebanyak 13 responden (41,9%) dikategorikan cukup