bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Cementing Quality and Hydraulic Seal at Hydrocarbon Zone in F Field
Authors: Sitaresmi Ratnayu , Faradiba Faradiba , Wijayanti Puri
Published: October 2020

Cement analysis needs to be done on wells that have decreased production and there is additional water production. The longer the well is produced, the water will approach and even reach the perforation zone which results in the water being produced. Several steps must be proposed in knowing and handling water production in wells, in addition to collecting data from wells and reservoirs in full, analysis of problems related to mechanics such as cementing analysis needs to be done to determine the possibility of leakage, microannulus or channeling. The method used is quantitative, by comparing the amount of water production in two wells and its relation to the hydraulic seal formed in the cement. The analysis was carried out on two wells, namely F-3 and F-4. F-3 wells produce large amounts of water, namely 1168 BWPD. This is possible considering the position of this well adjacent to the water zone. And based on the analysis carried out, the hydraulic seal on the F-3 well has not yet been formed making it possible for direct contact between the productive zone and the water zone. Water production in F-4 wells is 35 BWPD. The low water production in these wells can also be assumed due to the formation of hydraulic seals in cementing. Looking at the data above, it can be concluded that without the formation of hydraulic seals on the F-3 wells, secondary cementing needs to be done to close the cementing which is not good so that there is no leakage anymore and there is no communication between the productive zone and the water zone.
Análisis Input-Output de la eficacia de la Política Europea de Desarrollo Rural 2007- 2013. Propuesta metodológica y resultados para Castilla-La Mancha
Authors: López Luís Antonio , Monsalve Fabio , Zafrilla Jorge Enrique
Published: October 2020

La implementación del nuevo Fondo Europeo Agrícola de Desarrollo Rural (FEADER) refleja la decidida apuesta de la Unión Europea por convertir la Política de Desarrollo Rural en el segundo pilar de la Política Agrícola Común (PAC). La eficacia del FEADER para conseguir los objetivos propuestos será clave a la hora de determinar el éxito de esta nueva estrategia; de ahí la importancia de la evaluación de impacto. En este trabajo se propone una metodología, basada en el análisis input-output, que mediante un modelo multiregional permite evaluar los efectos sobre la producción, el valor añadido y empleo dentro de la región objetivo y fuera de ella (España, UE-27 y resto del mundo).
Labour Legislation Compliance within the Small-Enterprise Sector
Authors: Luvhengo Nkhuliseni Elijah , Thomas Adele
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate how compliance with labour law—particularly the Labour Relations Act (LRA) and the Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA)—could be promoted as sound governance practice. The study adopted a qualitative approach, and eight experts in the field were purposefully sampled and interviewed. The results suggested that small-enterprise owners were not knowledgeable about labour laws, hence their inability to comply with them. It was found that owners experienced labour laws as cumbersome, and their forced implementation had a negative impact on governance. It is suggested that different legal requirements be applied to the small-enterprise sector. Guidelines are proposed which legislators could use to assist the South African government in modifying the requirements of the LRA and the BCEA in respect of small enterprises. This study fills a gap in existing literature on small enterprises and governance in South Africa in the field of employment relations.
Employment equity in the South African retail sector: Legal versus competence and business imperatives
Authors: Roman Leon J , Mason Roger B
Published: October 2020

In 2013/14 a study entitled â€œInterventions to achieve employment equity objectives in the wholesale and retail sectorâ€ was conducted by the Wholesale and Retail Leadership Chair (WRLC) at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology on behalf of the W&RSETA (Sector Education and Training Authority). Objectives included assessing the impact of implementation of the Employment Equity Act (EEA) on retail organisations, and determining what supportive action regulatory authorities (the Department of Labour and the W&RSETA) and businesses could take to achieve employment equity (EE) goals. The study is therefore useful across the spectrum of the W&R industry, especially for employment relations practitioners and those tasked with EE implementation. The study followed a mixed-methods approach, using questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, case studies, focus groups and secondary data. Results indicated that EE tends to be numbers-driven at the expense of competence and talent management. Most respondentsâ€™ perceptions of EE implementation were negative, with the implication that a different approach is needed because the pace of change and transformation in the South African workplace is too slow. Although the small sample size limits generalisation of the findings, the study provides insight and direction for further research. This paper acknowledges that because EE is currently driven largely by meeting mandated targets for demographic change, the development of talent â€“ in essence, competence â€“ is lacking or inadequate. Thus, the recommendations propose a competency model linked to a performance management system, which could lead to an efficient EE talent management process. This process will enable organisations to develop, within the shortest possible period, competent individuals able to perform adequately in their positions, thereby maintaining or improving productivity; it also addresses effective succession planning.
Development of a measure for perceived employment relationship quality (PERQ)
Authors: Potgieter Willem , Olckers Chantal , Ehlers Lukas
Published: October 2020

Studies have shown that employees react negatively towards negative supervisory behaviour. Therefore, a questionnaire that could measure the quality of various aspects of the employment relationship could be a useful tool for managing and promoting healthy employment relationships. In the light of this, the aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire that measured the perceived quality of the employment relationship from the employeeâ€™s perspective. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted on a non-probability convenience sample of 248 employees from various organisations and sectors in South Africa. Although a 39-item questionnaire was developed across four theoretical dimensions, namely trust, fairness, good faith and justice, the analysis revealed that only two dimensions, labelled social factors and compliance factors and measured by 20 items, were sufficient to measure the desired construct. This questionnaire, which measures the perceived employment relationship quality, could be used as a diagnostic tool by management and HR professionals to determine the state of supervisory relationships in an organisation, and to address any problems brought to the fore, thereby avoiding turnover costs related to negative workplace relationships.
The factorial validity and reliability of a change agent identification assessment tool
Authors: Van der Linde-de Klerk Marzanne , Martins Nico , De Beer Marie
Published: October 2020

The main aim of the research project reported on here was to validate and test the reliability of the developed change agent identification assessment tool to be used by organisations to identify change agents more effectively in large organisations undergoing change, with a view to providing improved support to employees and ensuring more effective change management in such organisations. An initial change agent identification framework was developed by Van der Linde-de Klerk (2011) and this served as the foundation for the development of an assessment tool. Because minimal research has been conducted on identifying change agents in large organisations, it was deemed important to provide organisations with a tool to help them identify these individuals correctly. A sample group comprising 239 change agents participated in the quantitative research and completed the newly developed change agent identification questionnaire. The proposed questionnaire consists of three dimensions, namely willingness, commitment and personality traits. Participants indicated the ideal attributes in each dimension that they require to operate as change agents. The dimensions are based on the theoretical change agent identification framework that was developed. The results of the validity and reliability analysis indicated that the questionnaire can be used with confidence to select change agents. Change agents can typically be employees, managers, personnel practitioners, organisational development consultants or employee or union representatives. The developed scale showed positive reliability and validity results.
Psychological career resources as predictors of employeesâ€™ job embeddedness: An exploratory study
Authors: Ferreira Nadia , Coetzee Melinde
Published: October 2020

Managers and human resource practitioners concerned about retaining valuable staff members need to recognise how peopleâ€™s psychological career resources relate to their perceptions of job embeddedness in the organisation. The aim of the study was to determine whether employeesâ€™ psychological career resources (as measured by the Psychological Career Resources Inventory) significantly predict their job embeddedness (as measured by the Job Embeddedness Scale). A quantitative survey was conducted on a non-probability sample of employed black (92%) and female (71%) adults (N=355) at managerial and staff levels in the human resource management field. Correlational statistics and multiple regression analyses were used to analyse the data. The managerial career preference and self-esteem positively predicted the participantsâ€™ perceptions of sacrifice and links. Self/other skills and career directedness positively predicted perceptions of fit, sacrifice and links. Sense of career purpose negatively predicted perceptions of fit, links and sacrifice and the need for career venturing negatively predicted perceptions of sacrifice. In the South African employment equity context, the findings provide valuable information that can be used to inform career development support practices for the retention of black females in the human resource management field. The practical implications of the findings also add new insights towards negotiating the psychological contract and managing the employment relationship.
Gender-based discrimination during appointments, promotions and remuneration: Views of South African managers
Authors: Steyn Renier , Jackson Leon
Published: October 2020

Managers are key in the appointment, promotion and remuneration of staff, and as such, they are actively involved when discrimination occurs in the workplace. This also applies to gender-based discrimination. The objective of the current research was to identify the points in human resource processes where gender-based discrimination most often occurs, as seen and experienced by managers. Interviews were conducted with 75 managers from 15 organisations. Questions were posed about the prevalence and nature of gender discrimination during different human resource processes. The responses were categorised and the overall inter-observer reliability was .88. Most cases of gender-based discrimination occur during promotion processes, and this generally involves pro-female discrimination. Pro-male discrimination occurs at appointment level and is often due to the inherent requirements of the job. Discrimination at remuneration level seems to favour men, allowing them to receive higher salaries than women at the same organisational level. Discrimination occurs in structured (e.g. job descriptions) as well as less structured (e.g. decision-making after interviews) phases of human resource processes. It can be concluded that gender-based discrimination still occurs and that both genders are affected negatively. It is recommended that managers be vigilant in order to avoid these discriminatory tendencies.
The CEOâ€™s route to the top: The South African experience
Authors: Van Melle Kamp Chris , Hofmeyr Karl , Adonisi Mandla
Published: October 2020

In this study we draw on a series of in-depth interviews with chief executives of some of South Africaâ€™s most prominent businesses, to investigate how their careers unfolded as they rose to the top of their organisations.Twenty-seven CEOs of South Africaâ€™s top companies were interviewed. Eleven of these companies are listed among the top 50 South African companies.We trace the evolution of leadership, from its embryonic beginnings in childhood and adolescence, through the different stages of a developing career to the crucial transformation of an operational mindset into a strategic one.We examine the circumstances that led to these CEOs being appointed and describe the difficulties of transitioning from a senior management role into that of chief executive. We look at the competencies and experience necessary to be effective as the leader of an organisation, as well as the role played by motivation and self-belief. Finally, we identify the unique leadership challenges faced by chief executives in South Africa and pass on their advice to the countryâ€™s next generation of leaders.
A preliminary study: perceived transformational leadership and work engagement within the South African army
Authors: Dibley James , Viviers Rian , Ellardus van Zyl Llewellyn
Published: October 2020

The objective of the study is to determine the relationship between the perceived transformational leadership styles of officers (as perceived by their followers) and their followersâ€™ levels of work engagement. Followers (n=307) were identified in units of the South African Army. They completed the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) (Form 5X) for their specific leaders. Correlational analyses indicate significant correlations between the transformational leadership style of officers and their followersâ€™ work engagement. A small amount of the variance in the work engagement outcomes can be predicted by transformational leadership. The findings suggest that there is a relationship between idealised influence (attributed) and vigour and dedication. Furthermore, individualised consideration was shown to relate to absorption within the South African sample. Idealised influence was found to predict some variance in vigour and dedication and individual consideration to predict some variance in absorption.
Factors influencing job satisfaction among public sector employees: an empirical exploration
Authors: Mafini Chengedzai
Published: October 2020

Performance problems in public sector organisations in South Africa may be partially attributed to employee-related factors, including low job satisfaction levels. This study set out to examine factors influencing the job satisfaction of employees in a South African public sector organisation. A two-section survey questionnaire was administered to 246 government employees based in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics of the sample and factor analysis to establish the factors that contributed to the job satisfaction of public sector employees. Reliabilities were measured with the aid of Cronbachâ€™s alpha. Five underlying factors that contributed to job satisfaction, namely working conditions, ability utilisation, teamwork, creativity and autonomy were identified. Among these factors, teamwork emerged as the highest contributor to respondentsâ€™ job satisfaction. The findings suggest that to enhance employee job satisfaction levels, managers in public organisations should pay particular attention to each of the five factors identified in this study. This could be a solution to improving employee relations as well as meeting the performance challenges that currently face public organisations in South Africa.
Editorial
Authors: Grobler Anton
Published: October 2020

Editorial
Labour market transition and experiences of unemployed graduates: An exploratory study
Authors: Harry Tinashe , Chinyamurindi Willie Tafadzwa
Published: October 2020

Young people in countries such as South Africa are finding it difficult to make a successful school-to-work transition. This is exacerbated by high unemployment and uncertainty in the labour market. The South African government appears to be trying to implement a range of strategies and approaches to try and assist unemployed graduates. However, the onus is also on the graduate to look for ways in dealing with the uncertain labour market. The purpose of this research was to investigate the labour market transition and experiences of unemployed graduates within the context of high unemployment in South Africa. The research utilised an interpretivist philosophy hinging on the qualitative approach, and it used an exploratory research design. Further, a longitudinal technique was employed, tracing over a period of two years the labour market experiences and transitions of a sample of 30 graduates who had been enrolled at a historically disadvantaged higher education institution in South Africa. Data was collected from focus group discussions and unstructured individual interviews over this two-year period. The findings obtained through structural narrative analysis revealed that the labour market transition and experiences of the unemployed graduates were not negative only; some of the graduates had used their own resourceful techniques to deal with challenges. Based on the findings of the research and in view of the uncertain labour market, suggestions were made that would have resonance for not only individuals but also policymakers, career counsellors and institutions of higher learning.
A efetividade do tratamento da dor no pós operatório de cirurgias ortopédicas
Authors: Galvan Carina , Paczek Rosaura Soares , De Brum Bruna Noschang , Do Espírito Santo Débora Machado Nascimento , Tanaka Ana Karina Silva da Rocha , Brito Daniela Trintinaia
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar e refletir sobre a dor no pós operatório de cirurgias ortopédicas através de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Revisão bibliográfica: A dor é definida como experiência sensorial e emocional desagradável associada à lesão tecidual, podendo ser aguda ou crônica. Pode estar relacionada à frustração, raiva e depressão, crença, expectativa e percepção do paciente na sua condição. A dor no pré-operatório, duração da doença e ansiedade pós-cirúrgica são considerados preditivos para o desenvolvimento de dor crônica no pós-operatório de cirurgia ortopédica. O controle da dor no pós-operatório envolve prescrição de analgésicos em horários fixos, uso de métodos sofisticados como cateteres peridurais; evitando o sofrimento, proporcionando maior satisfação com o atendimento e reduzindo os custos relacionados a possíveis complicações que resultam num período prolongado de internação. A analgesia efetiva resulta numa recuperação mais rápida e maior colaboração com o tratamento, com resultados positivos no pós-operatório. Considerações finais: O enfermeiro possibilita que o paciente exponha suas preocupações e sentimentos do processo cirúrgico como um todo. O ortopedista e o enfermeiro possuem papel fundamental para avaliar, controlar e aliviar a dor no tratamento eficaz do trauma, pois acelera o processo de reabilitação e contribui na manutenção das funções fisiológicas do paciente.
Old Arsenal to Combat New Enemy: Repurposing of Commercially Available FDA Approved Drugs Against Main Protease of SARS-CoV2.
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , srivastava vishal , Mishra Ritpratik , Goel Gaurav , Chaudhuri Tapan
Published: October 2020

In lack of vaccination and therapeutic drugs, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic affected millions of people, causing 1,018,957 deaths worldwide (World health organization; 1st October 2020). The conventional drug design pipeline for effective and safer drug development is a costly and time-intensive affair. It takes around ten years in general from identifying a clinical candidate to get the approvals for actual applications. An effective way to cut short drug design pipeline in such emergency cases could be the repurposing of already approved drugs against novel targets. Here in this work, we explored the structure-based drug screening approach to find potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV2 main protease (Mpro) from the library of already FDA approved commercially available drugs. The site-specific and blind docking studies, in combination, suggest three potential inhibitors of Mpro, Ergotamine (ZINC000052955754), Nilotinib (ZINC000006716957) and Naldemedine (ZINC000100378061). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding free energy calculations using the MMPBSA method further reinforced the efficiency of the screened Mpro inhibitor candidates. The work yields enough evidence to conduct rigorous experimental validation of these drugs before utilizing them for the therapeutic management of SARS-CoV2 infection.
Magnetic Fields Enable Precise Spatial Control of Electrospun Fiber Alignment for Fabricating Complex Gradient Materials
Authors: Tindell R. Kevin , Busselle Lincoln , Holloway Julianne
Published: October 2020

Musculoskeletal interfacial tissues consist of complex gradients in structure, cell phenotype, and biochemical signaling that are important for function. Designing tissue engineering strategies to mimic these types of gradients is an ongoing challenge. In particular, new fabrication techniques that enable precise spatial control over fiber alignment are needed to better mimic the structural gradients present in interfacial tissues, such as the tendon-bone interface. Here, we report a modular approach to spatially controlling fiber alignment using magnetically-assisted electrospinning. Electrospun fibers were highly aligned in the presence of a magnetic field and smoothly transitioned to randomly aligned fibers away from the magnetic field. Importantly, magnetically-assisted electrospinning allows for spatial control over fiber alignment at sub-millimeter resolution along the length of the fibrous scaffold similar to the native structural gradient present in many interfacial tissues. The versatility of this approach was further demonstrated using multiple electrospinning polymers and different magnet configurations to fabricate complex fiber alignment gradients. As expected, cells seeded onto gradient fibrous scaffolds were elongated and aligned on the aligned fibers and did not show a preferential alignment on the randomly aligned fibers. Overall, this fabrication approach represents an important step forward in creating gradient fibrous materials and are promising as tissue-engineered scaffolds for regenerating functional musculoskeletal interfacial tissues.
Influence of Sub-angstrom Change in Interstitial Ion Size on Clay Swelling
Authors: Adapa Sai , Malani Ateeque
Published: October 2020

Clay minerals in contact with aqueous bulk reservoir undergo a geological transformation of swelling or shrinking by exchanging interstitial cations. For geological applications, it is crucial to understand the stability of these layered materials. Here, we demonstrate that a sub-angstrom change in the interstitial cation size with similar hydration characteristics is enough to destabilize the optimum spacing of layered materials. We used molecular simulations to investigate the stability of water layers in the K-, Rb-, and Cs-mica pores. We find that ±0.1 Å, change in the size of interstitial cation - from Rb+ to K+ or Cs+ ion - leads to -15 to 5 % change in equilibrium loading of adsorbed water and 2 to 35 % change in interlayer spacing. Our thermodynamic analysis reveals an intricate interplay between enthalpic and entropic contributions caused by the structural change of water in the pores due to the hydration of interstitial cations. The understanding from this work has direct implications in designing clay swelling inhibitors in the oil/gas recovery using fracking and sealing materials for radioactive waste.
Nanosecond Photodynamics Simulations of a Cis-Trans Isomerization Are Enabled by Machine Learning
Authors: Li Jingbai , Reiser Patrick , Eberhard André , Friederich Pascal , Lopez Steven
Published: October 2020

Photochemical reactions are being increasingly used to construct complex molecular architectures with mild and straightforward reaction conditions. Computational techniques are increasingly important to understand the reactivities and chemoselectivities of photochemical isomerization reactions because they offer molecular bonding information along the excited-state(s) of photodynamics. These photodynamics simulations are resource-intensive and are typically limited to 1–10 picoseconds and 1,000 trajectories due to high computational cost. Most organic photochemical reactions have excited-state lifetimes exceeding 1 picosecond, which places them outside possible computational studies. Westermeyr et al. demonstrated that a machine learning approach could significantly lengthen photodynamics simulation times for a model system, methylenimmonium cation (CH2NH2+).We have developed a Python-based code, Python Rapid Artificial Intelligence Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (PyRAI2MD), to accomplish the unprecedented 10 ns cis-trans photodynamics of trans-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3–CH=CH–CF3) in 3.5 days. The same simulation would take approximately 58 years with ground-truth multiconfigurational dynamics. We proposed an innovative scheme combining Wigner sampling, geometrical interpolations, and short-time quantum chemical trajectories to effectively sample the initial data, facilitating the adaptive sampling to generate an informative and data-efficient training set with 6,232 data points. Our neural networks achieved chemical accuracy (mean absolute error of 0.032 eV). Our 4,814 trajectories reproduced the S1 half-life (60.5 fs), the photochemical product ratio (trans: cis = 2.3: 1), and autonomously discovered a pathway towards a carbene. The neural networks have also shown the capability of generalizing the full potential energy surface with chemically incomplete data (trans → cis but not cis → trans pathways) that may offer future automated photochemical reaction discoveries.
Intrinsically Stable Wide Band Gap Br-Free CsxFA1-xPbI3 (x=0.5-0.9) Perovskites Overcoming Phase Segregation
Authors: Wang Xingtao , Chen Yuetian , Zhang Taiyang , Wang Yong , Kan Miao , Miao Yanfeng , Chen Haoran , Liu Xiaomin , Shi Jielin , Zhao Yixin
Published: October 2020

A ~20 nm thick compact TiO2 was deposited on patterned FTO (TEC-7) by spray pyrolysis of 0.2 M Ti (IV) bis(ethylacetoacetate)-diisopropoxide 1-butanol solution at 450 ºC followed by annealing at 450 ºC for one hour. The perovskite precursor solution was prepared by dissolving CsI, FAI, PbI2 and DMAI in 1 mL DMF and was deposited on 70 ℃ preheated c-TiO2/FTO substrate by spin coating at 3000 rpm for 30 s. The obtained precursor film was annealed at 170℃ for 40 min. A hole-transport material (HTM) solution containing 0.1 M spiro-OMeTAD, 0.035 M Li-TFSi, and 0.12 M 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) in chlorobenzene solution was then spin coated onto the perovskite film at 4000 rpm for 20 s. Finally, a 100 nm thick Ag was deposited as contact layer via thermal evaporator.
Studies on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal association in some medicinal plant species of paithal hills, western ghats kannur district, kerala
Authors: S Santhoshkumar , N Nagarajan , S Sree Priya
Published: October 2020

In the present study to analyzed that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores in root colonization and spore population in rhizosphere soils samples in various medicinal at Paithal hills,Western Ghats of Kannur district, Kerala, India. Root and rhizosphere soil samples were collected during the month of August, 2018-March, 2019 from the surface to 30 cm depth as well as pH were also recorded. Totally 30 plant species belonging to 19 families were collected and identified. The present result showed arbuscular mycorrhizal spore population in the rhizosphere soil and root colonization of all the plant species. A total of 19 AM fungal spores were recovered from the rhizosphere soil samples in this study region. The Glomus was dominant had seen in rhizosphere soil samples in all the medicinal plant species. The maximum spore population was found in the rhizosphere soil samples of Mimosa pudica (590/100g of soil) which belongs to the family Mimosaceae and the lowest spore population was observed in the Terminalia bellirica 135/100g of soil) belongs to Combretaceae family. The highest  78 % AM fungal colonization was found in roots of Euphorbia hirta belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. While the lowest 11 % AM fungal colonization was found in the root of Sida acuta belongs to the family Malvaceae.
Phytochemical evaluation and in vitro antidiabetic efficiency of isopropanolic leaf extract of pimenta racemosa
Authors: T A Anitha , T Pakutharivu , K Nirubama , V Akshaya
Published: October 2020

The traditional herbal medicines are mainly obtained from plants are used in the management of Diabetes mellitus. The main objective of this work was to assess the presence of phytochemical compounds and to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic activity of isopropanolic extracts of Pimenta racemosa leaves by studying their α-amylase inhibitory activity and glucose transport across yeast cells. Screening of phytochemicals showed positive results for alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, reducing sugars, anthraquinones, and results of in vitro α-amylase inhibitory studies demonstrated there was a dose-dependent increase in percentage inhibitory activity by the isopropanolic leaf extracts of Pimenta racemosa. At a concentration of 1 mg/ml, the extract showed a percentage inhibition 33.6 and for 5 mg/ml it was 91.2. The glucose uptake study was also studied through yeast cells by analyzing theamount of glucose remaining in the medium after a specific time intervals. It serves as an indicator for the capability of isopropanolic leaf extracts of Pimenta racemosa to transport the glucose into yeast cells. As a result, we found that the isopropanolic leaf extract of Pimenta racemosa have inhibitory activity against αamylase and also, which is efficient in glucose uptake. This therapeutic potentiality of Pimenta racemosa could be exploited in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Further studies are also required to elucidate whether the plant have antidiabetic potential by in vivo for corroborating the traditional claim of the plant.
A review on chitosan: a new solution for combating abiotic stresses in agriculture
Authors: P. Dongare Prajwal , R. Shingote Prashant , D. Parlawar Narsing
Published: October 2020

Chitosan is a second most abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide after cellulose derived from chitin which commercially produced from seafood shells, fungi (Aspergillus and mucus) and also from algae by alkaline deacetylation of chitin. It is bio adhesive, biocompatible, biodegradable, organic molecule. Chitosan has wide spread application in agriculture. Chitosan acts as bio-stimulant which upon application to plants stimulates photosynthetic rate, enhances antioxidant production, increases tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Chitosan causes hydrolysis of peptidoglycan of microbes resulting to death of microbes. Recent studies have shown that chitosan induces mechanisms in plants against various biotic and abiotic stresses and helps in formation of barriers that enhances plant's productivity.This paper takes a closer look at the genesis, structural alteration and physiological responses of chitosan foliar applications on plants.As, Abiotic stresses is an important multidimensional environment stresses that damage plant’s physiology, biochemical propertIes and Molecular traits. Chitosan help to combat abiotic and biotic stresses.
Predictive analysis of academic performance of college students using ensemble stacking
Authors: R Kaviyarasi , T Balasubramanian
Published: October 2020

One of the hottest and most popular methods in applied Machine Learning is Ensemble methods.Ensemble combines predictions from different models to generate a final prediction with better performance than any other single model. The research focused on the implementation of Ensemble method for predicting student academic performance based on their personal characteristics, family background, infrastructural environment in the college and external environment, etc...Our study uses RandomForestClassifier, Logistic Regression, and ExtraTreesClassifier as the Base Learners and AdaBoost Classifier as the Meta Learner. This result helps in predicting the accuracy of students’ academic performance and also in identifying the poor performers, so that early measures prior to final semester examination can be deployed
Evaluation of the phenyl-bonded silica-based sorbent for pre-concentration of the booster antifouling biocides Zinc Pyrithione, Zineb and Ziram using solid-phase extraction technique and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Rolisola Ana Marta Cavinato Marchini , Menegário Amauri Antônio , Yabuki Lauren Nozomi Marques , Polese Luciana , Kiang Chang Hung
Published: October 2020

A robust method of solid-phase extraction technique with use of the phenyl-bonded silica-based sorbent (Si-PH sorbent) for pre-concentration of three booster antifouling biocides: zinc pyrithione, Zineb and Ziram in ultrapure water fortified and estuarine water sample was evaluated for zinc determination by collision cell technology-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (CCT-ICP-MS). Decontamination process to remove metals and prevent (trans-) metallization of the Si-PH sorbent with 20 mL of nitric acid 0.006 mol L-1 was performed. This proposed solid-phase extraction efficiency of three booster antifouling biocides by the phenyl-bonded silica-based sorbent (Si-PH sorbent) was evaluated in 40 mL of ultrapure water fortified sample (40 μg L-1 of the zinc biocides). The adsorption of zinc pyrithione, Zineb and Ziram were 94.2 ± 0.1%, 85.13 ± 0.04% and 93.35 ± 0.09%, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values obtained were 0.66 μg L-1 and 2.19 μg L-1, respectively. Good recoveries of zinc pyrithione (85 ± 2%), Zineb (89 ± 5%) and Ziram (111 ± 2%) in the elution step for booster antifouling biocides from the fortified estuarine water were obtained.
CURVA AMBIENTAL DE KUZNETS: EVIDENCIA EMPÍRICA PARA LA ECONOMÍA PERUANA, PERIODO 1972 - 2010
Authors: Calsin Quispe Giovana
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la existencia de la relación entre el crecimiento económico y el deterioro ambiental para la economía peruana 1970-2010. Para comprobarlo la hipótesis de la Curva Medioambiental (U-invertida) de Kuznets, se utilizó la técnica de cointegración de Johansen y de Pesaran, Shin y Smith. Se comprueba que existe una relación creciente y lineal entre las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) y dióxido de azufre (SO2) como indicadores de degradación ambiental con el Producto Bruto Interno per cápita, junto a las de apertura comercial, porcentaje de la población urbana y el consumo de combustible fósil. Por lo tanto, se concluye que en la economía peruana, en el período de estudio, existe una relación positiva entre el crecimiento económico y la degradación ambiental, es decir, se encuentra en la primera etapa de la Curva Medioambiental de Kuznets.El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la existencia de la relación entre el crecimiento económico y el deterioro ambiental para la economía peruana 1970-2010. Para comprobarlo la hipótesis de la Curva Medioambiental (U-invertida) de Kuznets, se utilizó la técnica de cointegración de Johansen y de Pesaran, Shin y Smith. Se comprueba que existe una relación creciente y lineal entre las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) y dióxido de azufre (SO2) como indicadores de degradación ambiental con el Producto Bruto Interno per cápita, junto a las de apertura comercial, porcentaje de la población urbana y el consumo de combustible fósil. Por lo tanto, se concluye que en la economía peruana, en el período de estudio, existe una relación positiva entre el crecimiento económico y la degradación ambiental, es decir, se encuentra en la primera etapa de la Curva Medioambiental de Kuznets.
ELABORACIÓN DE PLANES LOCALES DE DESARROLLO EN LA COMUNIDAD LAS LAJAS, SANTIAGO TULANTEPEC, HIDALGO
Authors: Del Valle Sánchez Manuel , Morales Morales Braulio , Perales Salvador Arturo
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo fue presentado en la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano-Puno. Perú en la Escuela de Postgrado en la maestría en Economía con motivo de cumplir 50 años de su creación en el seminario Internacional de planificación y Gestión del desarrollo, Puno al 2030 en los días 29 y 30 de septiembre del 2014.

Las teorías del desarrollo tienen una preocupación y origen desde los primeros economistas llamados clásicos, para tratar de explicar los diferentes niveles de desarrollo de los países, desde el mercantilismo, el capitalismo manufacturero del siglo XVIII ( Adam Smith, David Ricardo) y el desarrollo del capitalismo Industrial del siglo XIX (Carlos Marx, Walras, Jevons, Marshall,). En el siglo XX surgen  interpretaciones del desarrollo, en los años 40´s y 50´s (Lewis,Harrod, Domar, Solow etc.) tratan de teorizar y de explicar esa dicotomía entre los países desarrollados y los subdesarrollados desde una visión analítica e histórica. La teoría convencional de la economía (neoclásica), ponía de modelo a los países industrializados. En los 90´s, Amartya Sen introduce el Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) con nuevos  indicadores y posteriormente el  ambiental, las políticas públicas afrontan los diversos problemas de los países desarrollados, las economías denominadas emergentes y los menos desarrollados. En el siglo XXI la elaboración de planes y diagnósticos se convierten en un instrumento principal para detectar la problemática de las comunidades y orientar las acciones en una economía global.
IMPACTO DEL PROGRAMA JUNTOS SOBRE EL GASTO EN ALIMENTOS EN LOS HOGARES RURALES, 2015
Authors: Calatayud Mendoza Alfredo Pelayo , Apaza Mamani Edson
Published: October 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio es estimar el impacto del programa Juntos sobre el gasto per cápita en alimentos en los hogares rurales, como fuente de información se utiliza la base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares – 2015, la metodología es la técnica de diseño cuasi-experimental Propensity Score Matching – PSM con la técnica de emparejamiento de vecino más cercano (Nearest Neighbor Matching), este método consiste en comparar el gasto per cápita en alimentos que obtiene cada beneficiario tratado con el grupo de control que tenga el propensity score más cercano, luego se calcula la diferencia entre cada par de hogares emparejadas en el gasto per cápita en alimentos y luego se promedian todas las diferencias para calcular el ATT. La unidad de análisis son los hogares rurales de la sierra y selva del Perú en condición de pobreza y extrema pobreza. Los resultados reportan que la probabilidad de participar en el programa Juntos depende de las características del hogar, de la vivienda y del jefe de hogar. Asimismo, los resultados sugieren que el programa Juntos si tiene un impacto positivo sobre el gasto per cápita en alimentos, para aquellos hogares rurales en pobreza y extrema pobreza el programa Juntos ha incrementado el gasto per cápita en 8.9% (ATT=0.089) a un nivel de significancia de 10%.
METODOLOGIA PARA EL ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICO DE FUNCIONES DE PRODUCCIÓN EN CULTIVOS: CASO QUINUA
Authors: Mamani Choque Sabino Edgar , Espinoza Calsin Julio Jesús
Published: October 2020

Las funciones de producción, en sus diferentes formas, han sido discutidas ampliamente, pero tuvieron aplicación y difusión principalmente en economía agrícola, siendo particularmente importante para cuantificar la relación entre fuentes de fertilización y el rendimiento de cultivos. En este contexto, el propósito de este documento es mostrar la metodología de análisis económico de la producción, que utiliza el diseño de composición rotable central para estimar la función de producción. Se aplican los principios microeconómicos relacionados con la producción a partir de un trabajo de investigación orientado a reducir la pobreza de comunidades campesinas del altiplano peruano-boliviano, donde la agricultura es una actividad económica importante pero se caracteriza por tener bajos índices de productividad, a ellos se suman otras limitantes como la variabilidad climática, la altitud y la fragmentación de las unidades productivas que condicionan una agricultura diversificada que procura minimizar el riesgo productivo para lograr cierta seguridad alimentaria.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL CRECIMIENTO DE TRUCHAS ARCOIRIS (Oncorhynchus mykiss) EN EL LAGO TITICACA MEDIANTE MODELOS NO LINEALES
Authors: Mamani Choque Sabino Edgar
Published: October 2020

Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar el crecimiento de truchas arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en el lago Titicaca mediante modelos no lineales, a partir de los cuales se identificaron puntos de interés biológico y económico, así como predicciones de requerimiento de alimentos para mejorar el desempeño productivo y económico. La información utilizada corresponde a la empresa Perú Pacífico ubicada en el distrito de Capachica, provincia de Puno. Los modelos analizaron fueron Logistic, Gompertz y Richards que se estimaron mediante NLIN de SAS ® y el algoritmo de Marquardt. El modelo de Richards mostró un coeficiente de determinación (R2)  más alto. Es decir, describe y predice adecuadamente el crecimiento de truchas en el lago Titicaca, bajo condiciones específicas de manejo. Los modelos Logistic y Gompertz mostraron menor capacidad de predicción al sobrestimar y subestimar el peso en la fase inicial de crecimiento, en cambio en la fase final, subestiman y sobrestiman, respectivamente. El perfil de crecimiento muestra incrementos de peso lento en la fase de adaptación al ambiente, acelerado hasta el punto de inflexión, tiende hacia un valor asintótico a medida que se aproxima a la edad adulta, y tiene forma sigmoidea, típico en las truchas. Finalmente, se ha determinado el periodo de adaptación al ambiente, el punto de inflexión, el tiempo en el que alcanzarían peso comercial (200, 250, 330 y 500 gr), y el requerimiento de alimentos en determinados momento de un ciclo productivo de 269 días.
LA CALIDAD DE LA CARTERA DE CRÉDITOS Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA SOLVENCIA FINANCIERA DE LAS COOPERATIVAS DE AHORRO Y CRÉDITO DE LA REGION PUNO, 2012-2014
Authors: Ticona Aguilar Pablo
Published: October 2020

El propósito del presente estudio fue, determinar los factores que inciden en el deterioro de la calidad de la cartera de créditos y estimar la incidencia de la calidad de la cartera de créditos en la solvencia financiera de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito de la región Puno, periodo 2012 – 2014; el problema que vienen afrontando las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito, es la alta morosidad mayor a 10%, que afecta la calidad de cartera de créditos y pone en riesgo la solvencia financiera. Para el logro de los objetivos planteados se aplicó el diseño de investigación no experimental, tipo descriptivo y explicativo; método inductivo y deductivo, se empleó el muestreo no probabilístico seleccionando seis cooperativas de una población de diez. El resultado para el primer objetivo se obtiene del procesamiento de la encuesta mediante la cual se confirma, en el deterioro de la calidad de cartera de créditos inciden factores internos y factores externos, el factor interno de mayor relevancia es la deficiente evaluación crediticia realizada por los analistas y para el segundo objetivo específico el resultado se obtiene de la regresión del modelo econométrico,  donde se muestra la evidencia de que la tasa de morosidad incide negativamente en la solvencia financiera de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito de la región Puno, en el periodo 2012 – 2014.
DETERMINANTES SOCIOECONÓMICOS DEL ESTADO DE SALUD DE LAS PERSONAS EN EL PERÚ, 2016
Authors: Lupaca Dina G. , Huarachi Coila Luis , Mamani Choque Sabino Edgar
Published: October 2020

El estudio analizó los factores que influyen en el estado de salud de los peruanos mediante modelos dicotómicos Logit y Probit, a partir de información proveniente de la ENAHO del año 2016 referida a un conjunto de viviendas particulares y sus ocupantes residentes en el área urbana y rural del Perú. Se utilizó los módulos de salud, educación, empleo e ingresos y características de los miembros del hogar.  Los resultados indican  que las variables ingreso, empleo y educación muestran una relación positiva con el estado de salud de las personas, mientras que las variables edad y sexo muestran una relación negativa, en tanto que los efectos marginales de mayor impacto son el empleo (20.9%), educación (8.3%) y sexo (-13.6%). Se concluye que el estado de salud aumenta con el ingreso, empleo y educación, disminuye con la edad y es diferente según el sexo.
IMPACTO DEL CANON MINERO EN EL CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO Y LA POBREZA EN LAS REGIONES MINERAS DEL PERU, 2004-2015
Authors: Sonia Yujra Capquequi  , Maria del Pilar Blanco Espezúa
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito analizar y explicar el efecto del canon minero sobre el crecimiento económico y su incidencia sobre la pobreza en las principales regiones mineras del Perú durante los años 2004 al 2015. Para ello se ha utilizado datos panel estático, información estadística que ha sido recopilada de diferentes instituciones del país. Es una investigación explicativa orientada a determinar la relación de causa y efecto entre el canon minero, crecimiento económico e incidencia de pobreza, en una muestra de siete regiones mineras del Perú, Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad, Tacna, Puno, Arequipa y Moquegua aplicando el modelo econométrico panel data de efectos aleatorios, una vez corregidos los supuestos de autocorrelación y heterocedasticidad con el método de Mínimos Cuadrados Generalizados, se encuentra que el canon minero tiene efecto positivo estadísticamente significativo en el crecimiento económico regional (VAB), al incrementarse el canon minero per cápita en las siete regiones mineras del Perú
GASTO PÚBLICO AGROPECUARIO: CENTRALISMO E INEQUIDADES REGIONALES EN PERÚ Y PUNO
Authors: Zegarra Eduardo
Published: October 2020

En la presente ponencia se analiza la evolución del gasto público agropecuariodel Perú y la región Puno en el periodo 2005 al 2016 y se profundiza en laestructura del gasto para el año 2016 por provincia para poder identificarinequidades a nivel territorial. Para este fin se construye la variable de gastopor productor para identificar a zonas y regiones que estarían siendo menosatendidas en la asignación presupuestal. Se propone utilizar este indicador parapromover una mejor y más equilibrada asignación presupuestal hacia losterritorios agrarios en el país, tanto a nivel nacional como en Puno
EFICIENCIA DEL GASTO PÚBLICO EN EDUCACIÓN Y SUS DETERMINANTES EN EL PERÚ
Authors: Paredes Mamani René Paz , Edson Apaza Mamani  , Roberto Arpi Mayta
Published: October 2020

La investigación tuvo dos objetivos, el primer objetivo fue construir indicadores para la eficiencia del gasto y la eficiencia física para el logro del desempeño de los estudiantes del segundo grado de primaria el método de análisis envolvente de datos (DEA), el segundo objetivo fue encontrar los determinantes de la eficiencia del gasto en educación. En primer lugar, los resultados muestran que los departamentos más eficientes en el gasto en educación en el periodo 2009-2016, bajo el enfoque DEA con rendimientos constantes a escala tanto bajo el enfoque de orientación al insumo como bajo la orientación al producto fueron Ica y Piura; mientras con rendimientos variables a escala fueron Ica, Piura, Arequipa y Tacna. En segundo lugar, en cuanto a la eficiencia física, los departamentos más eficientes bajo el análisis DEA con rendimientos contantes a escala tanto con orientación al producto como con orientación al insumo fueron Moquegua, Tacna, Madre de Dios,