bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gridded pollen-based Holocene regional plant cover in temperate and northern subtropical China suitable for climate modelling
Authors: Li Furong , Gaillard Marie-José , Cao Xianyong , Herzschuh Ulrike , Sugita Shinya , Ni Jian , Zhao Yan , An Chengbang , Huang Xiaozhong , Li Yu , Liu Hongyan , Sun Aizhi , Yao Yifeng
Published: January 2023

Abstract. We present the first gridded and temporally continuous quantitative
pollen-based plant-cover reconstruction for temperate and northern
subtropical China over the Holocene (11.7 ka to present) obtained by applying the
Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites (REVEALS) model.
The objective is to provide a dataset of pollen-based land cover for the
last ca. 12 millennia that is suitable for palaeoclimate modelling and for the evaluation
of simulated past vegetation cover from dynamic vegetation models and
anthropogenic land-cover change (ALCC) scenarios. The REVEALS reconstruction
was achieved using 94 selected pollen records from lakes and bogs at a
1∘ × 1∘ spatial scale and a temporal resolution
of 500 years between 11.7 and 0.7 ka and in three recent time windows
(0.7–0.35 ka, 0.35–0.1 ka, and 0.1 ka to present). The dataset
includes REVEALS estimates of cover and their standard errors (SEs) for 27
plant taxa in 75 1∘ × 1∘ grid cells distributed
within the study region. The 27 plant taxa were also grouped into 6 plant
functional types and 3 land-cover types (coniferous trees CT,
broadleaved trees BT, and C3 herbs/open land (C3H/OL)), and their REVEALS
estimates of cover and related SEs were calculated. We describe the protocol
used for the selection of pollen records and the REVEALS application (with
parameter settings) and explain the major rationales behind the protocol. As
an illustration, we present, for eight selected time windows, gridded maps of
the pollen-based REVEALS estimates of cover for the three land-cover types
(CT, BT, and C3H/OL). We then discuss the reliability and limitations of the
Chinese dataset of Holocene gridded REVEALS plant cover, and its current and
potential uses. The dataset is available at the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (TPDC;
Li, 2022; https://doi.org/10.11888/Paleoenv.tpdc.272292).
A new modelling framework for regional assessment of extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding along the German Baltic Sea coast
Authors: Kiesel Joshua , Lorenz Marvin , König Marcel , Gräwe Ulf , Vafeidis Athanasios T.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Hydrodynamic models are increasingly being used in recent years to map coastal floodplains on local to continental scales. On regional scales, however, high computational costs and the need for high-resolution data limit their application. Additionally, model validation constitutes a major concern, as in-situ data are hardly available or limited in spatial coverage to small parts of the study region. Here we address these challenges by developing a modelling framework, which couples a hydrodynamic coastal inundation model covering the German Baltic Sea coast with a hydrodynamic coastal ocean model of the western Baltic Sea, to produce high resolution (50 m) regional scale flood maps for the entire German Baltic Sea coast. Using a LiDAR derived digital elevation model with 1 m horizontal resolution, we derive and validate the elevation of dikes and natural flood barriers such as dunes. Using this model setup, we simulate a storm surge event from January 2019, a surge with a return period of 200 years and two sea-level rise scenarios for the year 2100 (200-year event plus 1 m and 1.5 m). We validate the simulated flood extents by comparing them to inundation maps derived from Sentinel-1 SAR satellite imagery, acquired between 1.5 and 3.5 hours after the peak of the 2019 surge, covering a large part of the study region. Our results confirm that the German Baltic Sea coast is exposed to coastal flooding, with flood extent varying between 118 km2 and 1016 km2 for the 2019 storm surge and a 200-year return water level plus 1.5 m of sea-level rise, respectively. Hotspots of coastal flooding are mostly located in the federal state of Mecklenburg Western Pomerania. Our results emphasise the importance of current plans to update coastal protection schemes along the German Baltic Sea coast over the course of the 21st century in order to prevent large-scale damage in the future.
A Case of Amyand’s Hernia Variant
Authors: Ali Aun , Kumar Daleep , Shahid Madeeha , Salam Ammara , Saeed Summaya , Samo Khursheed
Published: January 2023

The presence of vermiform appendix as the content of inguinal hernia is termed Amyand’s hernia (AH). It is a very rare entity as most of the time contents of hernia are omentum and small bowel. Very often AH is asymptomatic and diagnosed intra-operatively. Amyand’s hernia (AH) is classified into four sub-types depending on clinical features and the status of the appendix. But this time we encountered per-operatively entirety different findings of Amyand’s hernia. Treatment of Obstructed inguinal hernia is only surgery, but dealing with Amyand’s hernia (AH) is based on the patient condition and type of Amyand’s hernia. So, treatment of this hernia remains controversial, different strategies should be applied to different case
Association of Consanguinity with Abnormalities in the Descendants
Authors: Rafique Ammara , Naz Hajra
Published: January 2023

Objective: Consanguinity is often related to several abnormalities in descendants. This survey assessed the frequency of abnormalities in the descendants of consanguinity couples. Study Design & Setting: The cross-sectional survey was conducted from 01-Feb-2021 to 01-Oct-2021 with consanguinity couples residing in Pakistan or abroad. Methodology: Institutional Bioethics Committee (IBC) of Karachi University approved the study. Extensive research on PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Web of sciences, Direct Science, Springer, and Google scholar was carried out to design a structured survey after exploring major factors for special children.The form was divided into three sections encompassed fundamental and marriage-associated demographics, pre-and post-natal characteristics of normal and special children, extended family details, and perceptions regarding cousin marriage. Using snowball sampling, particularly the chain-referral method, data was collected. SPSS v.28 was used to predict the association of each variable with the existence and nonexistence of special child/children. Results: Among 503 consanguinity couples, 92.6% had none or normal descendants whereas 7.3% had special descendants of their own or from other cousin marriages in their extended families. Abnormalities including ADHD (n=9, 24.3%), Autism (n=4, 10.8%), cardiac issues (n=1, 2.7%), CP (n=5, 13.5%), deafness (n=3, 8.1%), Down’s syndrome (n=1, 2.7%), dumbness (n=5, 13.5%), impaired vision (n=6, 16.2%), and mental retardation (n=3, 8.1%) were reported. However, no case of multiple sclerosis, thalassemia, Tay Sach’s disease, or Schizophrenia was reported. Conclusion: Consanguinity precipitated several abnormalities in 0.073% of the population.
Acanthosis Nigricans in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore
Authors: Butt Nauman Ismat , Mahmood Khalid , Kanwal Nimra , Ashfaq Fahmina
Published: January 2023

Objective: Acanthosis Nigricans is characterized by skin thickening with hyperpigmentation dermatosis predominantly seen on flexural aspects & nape of neck. The objective of present study was to determine frequency of Acanthosis Nigricans among patients of type II diabetes mellitus. Study Design and Setting: This observational cross-sectional study was undertaken at Department of Medicine Azra Naheed Medical College, Superior University Lahore from August 2021 to April 2022. Methodology: Type II diabetes mellitus was defined as patients with HbA1c 7.0%, or two blood glucose random readings of =200mg/dl, or previous history of diabetes diagnosis, or taking anti-hyperglycemic medicines. Acanthosis Nigricans was defined as >2 cm poorly defined hyperpigmented skin lesions of brownish black color and velvety appearance present over the nape of neck, axillae and/or groin. Patients with non-diabetic causes of Acanthosis Nigricans were excluded. After informed consent, 340 patients of type II diabetes mellitus aged 30-75 years of both gender were enrolled using nonprobability consecutive sampling technique. Demographic information was noted and the patients were examined for Acanthosis Nigricans. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. Results: Mean age was 48.2+13.8 years with 187 (55.0%) females. The mean height, weight and BMI were 1.5+0.3 meters, 57.8+11.6 kilograms and 28.8+9.5 kg/m2 respectively. The mean duration of disease was 44.2+9.3 months and Acanthosis Nigricans was seen in 86 (25.2%). Acanthosis Nigricans was not significantly associated with age, gender, BMI or duration of disease. Conclusion: Acanthosis Nigricans was present in almost a quarter of type II diabetes mellitus patients.
Museu virtual de Ciências – volume 3: livro-jogo sobre a história da ressonância magnética
Authors: Mesquita Thiago Bruno , Massaharu Hassunuma Renato , Carvalho Garcia Patrícia , Janegitz Acorci-Valério Michele , de Assis Golim Marjorie , Nunes Messias Sandra Heloísa
Published: January 2023

Seja bem-vindo, ao Museu Virtual de Ciências!!! Nesta coleção, em cada volume são apresentadas algumas das principais descobertas científicas. Neste terceiro volume, vamos conhecer um divertido jogo sobre a descoberta e a evolução do equipamento de ressonância magnética.
Klasztor augustianów-eremitów w Sierakowie nad Wartą (XIV-XV w.)
Authors: Klemeński Marcin A.
Published: January 2023

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie losów konwentu augustianów-eremitów w Sierakowie nad Wartą. Był to jedyny w Wielkopolsce klasztor tego zgromadzenia, a w diecezji poznańskiej drugi po warszawskiej placówce św. Marcina. Problemem badawczym jest ustalenie dat funkcjonowania klasztoru, jak również fundacji. Autor skłania się ku temu, że konwent ufundowała Wichna, lecz nie wyklucza też działania Maćka Borkowica. Datuje również fundację na II poł. XIV w., i wpisuje w chronologię tworzenia placówek zakonu w Polsce i na Śląsku. Oprócz tego opisał dzieje gospodarcze jak i społeczne klasztoru, oraz skład społeczny konwentu. Klasztor uległ likwidacji w okresie Reformacji, z powodu rozprzężenia zakonników, a majątek prawdopodobnie przejął fundowany w 1619 r. klasztor bernardyński.
O. Mariana Pirożyńskiego przestrogi i zalecenia czytelnicze
Authors: Bajor Agnieszka
Published: January 2023

W wieku XIX na polskim rynku wydawniczym pojawiły się informatory czytelnicze, edukacyjne i wychowawcze, przynoszące porady na temat szkodliwości i pożytków płynących z czytania. W okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego tego typu bibliografie zalecające opracowywali działacze oświatowi, nauczyciele, wykładowcy, bibliotekarze, a także kapłani i osoby świeckie związane z Kościołem katolickim. W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę treściową poradnika lekturowego zestawionego przez o. Mariana Pirożyńskiego Co czytać? Poradnik dla czytających książki. Beletrystyka (Kraków, 1932). O. Pirożyński był przede wszystkim kierownikiem duchowym, wychowawcą i publicystą dbającym o moralne wychowanie młodzieży, zatroskanym o stosowne jej przygotowanie do życia rodzinnego, społecznego i obywatelskiego. W tekście zwrócono uwagę na przesłanki, które skłoniły redemptorystę do stworzenia katalogu powieści polskich i zagranicznych, ocenianych z punktu widzenia etyki, a nie literaturoznawstwa. Scharakteryzowano, z przykładami, utwory beletrystyczne, które autor oceniał pozytywnie, negatywnie oraz neutralnie. Przybliżono też pochodzące z międzywojnia oraz współczesne recenzje publikacji o. Pirożyńskiego oraz podkreślono silne związki poradnika z nauką Kościoła.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS: METHODS OF THEORETICAL STUDY OF 2D MATERIALS
Authors: Kaptagai G. A. , Satanova B. M. , Abuova F. U. , Koilyk N. O. , Abuova A. U. , Nurkenov S. A. , Zharkymbekova A. P.
Published: January 2023

Heterostructures based on graphene and two-dimensional films of nanostructured, ferromagnetic, transition metal oxides are promising for the development of new multifunctional materials for memory cells, quantum computer elements, Li-battery anodes, (photo) catalysts, supercapacitors, transistors, sensor materials, solar panels, fuel cells, electrochromic devices. A large volume of publications devoted to graphene and heterostructures based on it is and mainly their synthesis processes of hybrid structures. The methods of theoretical investigation of the optical properties of two-dimensional film materials, despite their diversity, require improvement. Consequently, the article presents methods of theoretical investigation of the optical properties of two-dimensional hybrid film structures in combination with ab-initio method.
GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL STUDIES AND DETERMINATION OF THE SUITABILITY OF THE KOSSHOKA AND GRANITNY SITES FOR THE DESIGN OF AN UNDERGROUND RESEARCH LABORATORY
Authors: Komlev A. V. , Igibaev U. A. , Marchenko I. O. , Frolov Z. N. , Bardyukov V. A.
Published: January 2023

In Kazakhstan there are all conditions for the organization of the complete technological cycle of nuclear power generation, from extraction of uranium ores and ending with facilities for long-term storage of radioactive waste. In the Republic there have been no works yet on such an important component of this cycle as creation of underground RW disposal facilities, where the subject of separate investigation is an underground research laboratory (URL) for confirmation of the long-term safe disposal of RW in the selected location of the underground disposal facility. There for e during implementation of this project it is planned to use experience of the countries, where URL were designed, built and operated before creation of RW disposal sites. Such countries include Sweden, Finland, Japan, Russia, China, Belgium, India, Switzerland, etc., where there are extensive areas of crystalline rock development, and where deep RW disposal is recognized at the legislative level. The countries operating such facilities have proven technologies and experience in development, construction of URL and RW isolation sites.
TRAVEL TIME CURVES FOR YUCCA TEST SITE (NEVADA TEST SITE) – SEISMIC ARRAYS «OZHEREL’E» (GEOPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY «BOROVOYE»)
Authors: Nepeina K. S. , An V. A.
Published: January 2023

This paper presents the travel times of P waves for 8 Yucca Flat (Nevada Test Site NTS) explosions from 1979 to 1984, with magnitudes mb = 4.9–5.9. Travel times were obtained by revising seismograms from the archives Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics for the subsystem “Ozherel’e” (Necklace) of peripheral points Zerenda, Vostochniy, Chkalovo of the large-base seismic array system (SAS) of the geophysical observatory Borovoye. This system has been operating since 1979 on the territory of Kazakhstan. By the example of registration of underground nuclear explosions at the Yucca site of the Nevada Test Site (NTS), local travel time curves and linear trends in the P wave travel time in the range of epicentral distances 89.3110°–90.3701° are investigated. We estimate of the velocities of effective P waves for the Yucca-“Ozherel’e” and peripheral points.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON HIGH-TEMPERATURE CORROSION INTERACTION OF TIN-LITHIUM ALLOY WITH STAINLESS STEEL AND REFRACTORY METALS
Authors: Bochkov V. , Ponkratov Yu. , Gordienko Yu. , Samarkhanov K. , Tulubayev E. , Saparbek E. , Orazgaliyev N. , Orazymbekov B. , Aryngazy E.
Published: January 2023

This article describes experimental investigations to determine the corrosion compatibility of candidate matrix materials of a capillary-porous structure (CPS) with a liquid tin-lithium alloy at high temperatures. The studies were conducted with the Sn75-Li25 alloy and samples of 12Ch18Ni10Ti grade austenite stainless steel, VEL-3 grade vanadium, and TT grade tantalum. Experiments on the interaction of a liquid tin-lithium alloy with candidate samples of the CPS matrix at high temperatures were carried out on an experimental TiGrA setup based on a TGA/DSC 3+ thermogravimetric analyzer. The paper provides a description of the methodology and conditions for conducting high-temperature corrosion tests. In the course of this work, experiments were carried out to study the compatibility of a tin-lithium alloy in the liquid phase with a stainless steel, vanadium and tantalum samples in the temperature range from 600 ℃ to 1000 ℃. Based on obtained results, the thermal effects of the processes occurring as a result of the interaction of the alloy with a candidate materials of the CPS matrix were determined. As a result of the analysis of the results obtained it has been revealed that at interaction of the studied materials with liquid tin-lithium alloy Sn75-Li25 at high temperatures complex physical and chemical processes take place, such as: selective dissolution of components by liquid alloy (solvent); penetration of component of liquid alloy (tin) into stainless steel depth; mass transfer of dissolved metals from solid metal into liquid.
The Impact of Gut Bacterial Metabolites on Brain Disorder
Authors: Qurat-ul-Ain  , Shahzad Asif , Hussain Shoukat , Mehmood Rizwan , Jaan Muhammad Nauman
Published: January 2023

The gut microbiome has been connected with human health and sickness, including all those affecting the brain, according to new evidence. Abnormalities in this microbiota-gut-brain axis have emerged as a significant component in the pathophysiology of depression, prompting exploratory research into the neuro-active potential of gut microbial metabolic products. Over the last decade, research has revealed a plethora of complicated interactions between the microbiota and the immunological and metabolic systems, many of which have important consequences for human health. Therefore in review, we emphasise accumulating evidence suggesting the microbiome exerts effect on the brain via multiple routes linking the stomach to the central nervous system. While knowledge of the influence of gut bacteria on neurological function is still developing, understanding the gut-microbiome-brain links has the potential to transform neuroscience by discovering possibly new etiologies for mental and neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, our results show that patients with diverse brain disorders have changed bacterial metabolites, as well as the possible neuroactive effects of gut-derived SCFAs, p-cresol, serotonin derivatives, and bacterial amyloids on disease onset and progression. The results of this study might lead to more understanding of the gut–brain axis and, as a response, to possible diagnostic, therapeutic, or preventative measures for brain disorders.
 
Keywords:
DAMPAK NEGATIF PENGGUNAAN GADGET DI KALANGAN REMAJA GEREJA MANDIRI PROTESTAN KORAMPOTAN PONDAN
Authors: Maong Abriani Iriana , Djaka Experius , Sumaa Arnold
Published: January 2023

Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi saat ini semakin pesat, sehingga membuat remaja ingin memiliki gadget. Tidak dapat dihindari bahwa kehadiran gadget memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap karakter remaja. Dimana pada saat ibadah, remaja menggunakan gadget untuk membuka facebook, whatsApp, serta bermain game. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan gadget secara negatif di kalangan remaja di Gereja Mandiri Protestan Korampotan Pondan. Subyek penelitian adalah remaja Mandiri Protestan Korampotan Pondan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 75 orang, jumlah sampel sebanyak 43 orang, dengan teknik pengambilan data menggunakan angket, dan hipotesis penelitian diuji dengan menggunakan regresi linear.
Paradigma Misi dalam Syair Lagu Kolose Terhadap Pluralisme Keallahan Postmodern
Authors: Mamonto Nathalia Kenny Merian , Suseno Aji
Published: January 2023

Great Commission that should be the responsibility of believers becomes irrelevant in the midst of the challenges of post-modern era where everything is relative. The mission paradigm in this era began to shift, which all were motivated by post-modern culture. In this relative era, digital acceleration can directly make Christians facing global culture of the world that focuses on the universal view which state that Jesus is not the only way to salvation but one of the ways to salvation. This is because the post-modern paradigm of thinking concerning religion is no longer talking about truth but about what does someone want. Of course this is contrary to Christianity which states that Jesus is the final and the only way of salvation. This study uses a qualitative research with a descriptive approach to find out the truth in Paul’s writings in the Colossian Song which describe the pre-existence of Christ. In Paul’s writings especially in Colossians 1:15-20, is a quote from the early church confession that Paul took and used it to show about Christ who is the only God.
Makna Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Dalam Perjanjian Baru
Authors: Tubagus Steven
Published: January 2023

The background of the problem of knowledge crisis to parents in educating children so that mistakes occur in bad behavior towards children, for example shouting, slamming something when angry, hitting, littering, being lazy, or other bad attitudes. The Meaning of Early Childhood in the New Testament. The purpose of this paper is to describe the theological study of the meaning of early childhood education in the New Testament. By analyzing the text in accordance with the principles of exegesis, to get the meaning contained in the context of the meaning of early childhood education in the New Testament. The results of the descriptive analysis of the meaning of early childhood education in the Bible are first, children know the truth. Early childhood knows the truth, namely the word of God. Second, early childhood knows the Holy Spirit. Know the Holy Spirit as God and helper for early childhood to do the truth. Third, early childhood knows safety. Knowing salvation is knowing the sacrifice of the Lord Jesus on the cross, so that the faith of early childhood remains strong, and the heart of early childhood remains firm so that it makes children believe and believe that Jesus is the only way to heaven. The description of the meaning of early childhood education in the New Testament consists of: First. Knowing the Truth, knowing the truth about Christian values ??that must be instilled in early childhood, as early as possible from birth they are introduced to Bible teaching and knowledge of the Lord Jesus every day and continuously so that the word of God takes root and bears fruit in children . Second. know the Holy Spirit, early childhood must understand the role of the Holy Spirit as a helper in the lives of believers, so that early childhood can learn to listen to the voice of the Holy Spirit. Early childhood must also learn to follow the leading of the Holy Spirit in every action, so that children act honestly and righteously before God and others. The help of the Holy Spirit in the lives of early childhood will make the child aware of the function of the Holy Spirit as a helper. So that children will always come to God to ask for the help of the Holy Spirit. Third. Knowing Salvation, early childhood is taught to recognize the salvation carried out by Jesus who died on the cross to atone for the sins of all believers including the sins of early childhood, so that early childhood knows and understands that only through Jesus can get salvation. For the word of God in John 14:6 says I am the way, the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father, except through Me.
Evaluasi Terhadap Proses Pelaksanaan Disiplin Gereja di Gereja Kemah Injil Indonesia Petleng Alor Baru Berdasarkan Matius 18:15-17
Authors: Fanmabi Yosina Pada , Tanhidy Jamin , Budiman Sabda
Published: January 2023

The background of the process of implementing church discipline in GKII Petleng Alor Baru Region is that GKII Petleng Alor Baru Region has its own church discipline rules, namely there are congregations who sin, are not reprimanded first, but are directly subject to church discipline. This process of implementing church discipline is not in accordance with the teachings of the Bible in Matthew 18:15-17. This study aims to explain the evaluation of the process of implementing church discipline in GKII Petleng, Alor Baru Region based on Matthew 18:15-17. The method used in this study is qualitative with a type of evaluation research to evaluate the problems that occur and compare the problems with existing theories. To obtain the data the author conducted interviews with the Congregational Pastor, the Congregational Governing Body, the disciplined congregation and the Deputy Regional Chairperson.  Based on the results of research that the author has conducted at GKII Petleng, Alor Baru Region, the author finds that GKII Petleng Alor Baru Region has not carried out the process of applying church discipline based on Matthew 18:15-17.

 

Latar belakang proses pelaksanaan disiplin gereja di GKII Petleng Daerah Alor Baru adalah GKII Petleng Daerah Alor Baru memiliki aturan disiplin gereja yang tersendiri yaitu ada jemaat yang berbuat dosa, tidak ditegur terlebih dahulu, namun langsung dikenakan disiplin gereja. Proses pelaksanaan disiplin gereja ini, belum sesuai dengan ajaran Alkitab dalam Matius 18:15-17. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan evaluasi terhadap proses pelaksanaan disiplin gereja di GKII Petleng Daerah Alor Baru berdasarkan Matius 18:15-17. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian evaluasi untuk mengevaluasi masalah yang terjadi dan membandingkan masalah tersebut dengan teori yang telah ada. Untuk mendapatkan data penulis melakukan wawancara kepada Gembala Sidang, Badan Pengurus Jemaat, jemaat yang didisiplin dan Wakil Ketua Daerah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah penulis lakukan di GKII Petleng Daerah Alor Baru, maka penulis menemukan bahwa GKII Petleng Daerah Alor Baru belum melakukan proses penerapan disiplin gereja berdasarkan Matius 18:15-17
Analisis Reflektif Teologi Estetika John Navone
Authors: Telnoni Wike Yuciana
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT:

The presence of the media as one of the determinants of ideal body standards in self-esteem and beauty is a product of popular culture that has been created for a long time The ideal body standard is constructed through products from well-known brands advertised by Selebgram, influencers and celebrities through social media platforms. One standard of beauty and body beauty displayed by them is to have white skin. Women who have white skin are considered to have privileges, luxury, cleanliness and show an auara of beauty. One of the product that is being advertised, namely the Scarlett Whitening product, most women have reconstructed their minds so that being beautiful and beautiful does not have to be white. The author argues that basically true beauty and beauty can be achieved if we are not attached and able to respect ourselves as we were created by looking at the point of view of feminist criticism and aesthetic theology by John Navone.

Key words: Advertising, Aesthetic Theology, Feminist,  Social media, Women.
Biodegradasi Limbah Cuci Mobil dengan Aerobic Suspension Culture pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Sabun
Authors: Mahannada Aqiela , Mindaryani Aswati
Published: January 2023

Di antara beberapa jenis limbah, limbah cuci mobil merupakan salah satu limbah yang sangat terkontaminasi dengan pengotor dan kandungan kimia yang cukup tinggi. Untuk memenuhi baku mutu limbah cair, pengolahan limbah cuci mobil ini perlu diperhatikan. Pada penelitian ini, dila-kukan sistem pengolahan limbah hasil cuci mobil dengan sistem aerob menggunakan activated sludge, ditujukan untuk menghasilkan effluen yang baik dan aman bagi lingkungan. Digunakan 4 bioreaktor dengan variasi konsentrasi sabun, yaitu bioreaktor yang berisi limbah cuci mobil mur-ni sebanyak 4L, serta bioreaktor berisi limbah murni dengan tambahan sabun cuci mobil 2 mL, 4 mL, dan 8 mL Bakteri diaklimatisasikan terlebih dahulu sampai massa dari activated sludge adalah 570-670 mg/L. Setelah bakteri tumbuh dan stabil, limbah cair hasil cuci mobil ditambahkan untuk menggantikan substrat. Sampel limbah diambil pada waktu 0;0,5;1;2;4;6;24;dan 48 jam. Dari penelitian ini didapat nilai COD removal hingga 67,79% dan sCOD removal hingga 67,89%. Nilai parameter TS dan TVS mengalami peningkatan akibat pertumbuhan bakteri. Nilai amonia dan surfaktan removal terbaik didapatkan 18,30% dan 69,57%. Nilai pH masih dalam rentang  normal (8,07-8,65), dan DO cukup tinggi pada kisaran 6,8-7,5 mg/L. Selain itu, pada penelitian ini juga didapatkan nilai parameter kinetika bakteri setiap bioreaktor, yaitu µm dan Ks.
Analisis Losses Pada Proses Penerimaan Pertamax Melalui Kapal Tanker di PT. OPQ
Authors: Venriza Oksil , Dwi pratiwi Heni
Published: January 2023

Terminal Bahan Bakar Minyak (TBBM) merupakan suatu fasilitas yang disediakan oleh PT. Pertamina yang berfungsi untuk Penerimaan (Receiving), Penimbunan (Storage), dan Penyaluran (Distribution) produk BBM. Akan tetapi pada proses penerimaan, losses tidak bisa dihindari. PT. Pertamina menetapkan toleransi Loading loss – 0,2%, transport loss -0,15%, Discharge loss -0,2% dan Supply Loss -0,2%. Losses yang terjadi dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor teknis maupun non-teknis. Dengan menggunakan Metode Perbandingan untuk dapat menganalisa perbandingan rata–rata  hasil muatan cargo antara Bill of Loading dengan Actual Receipt, juga menggunakan uji hipotesis metode komparatif Independent T Test. Independent T Test merupakan uji perbedaan dua sample yang tidak berpasangan agar dapat menganalisa perbandingan rata–rata kedua sample tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Losses penerimaan produk pertamax melalui kapal tanker di PT. Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal Lhokseumawe terhitung mulai Januari sampai dengan Desember 2021, yaitu Loading Loss – 0,02%, Transport Loss 0,00%, Discharge Loss 0,21% dan supply Loss 0,40%. Pada transport loss, losses yang terjadi masih dibawah ketetapan toleransi. Sedangkan untuk discharge Loss dan supply loss mengalami gains. Pada perhitungan Discharge Loss dan Supply Loss terdapat NEW B/L untuk dapat membandingkan nilai pada B/L dan AR, B/L harus habis dibongkar di single port dalam satu voyage.
How a Rock Band, a Recording Company, and a Nobel Laureate Developed Computed Tomography
Authors: Patel Sutchin , Rotker Nicholas , Caldamone Anthony
Published: January 2023

Objectives Computed Tomography (CT) is an indispensable element of medical care used throughout the world, and first developed for clinical use by Hounsfield in 1971. The largest source of monetary support for Hounsfield’s work was from his employer, Electrical Musical Industries, Ltd. (EMI) and, in turn, the most lucrative source of income for EMI through the 1960’s was their recording contract with the English quartet, the Beatles. The purported link between the Beatles’ productive oeuvre with EMI and Hounsfield’s discovery of CT has not been well established. We endeavored to elucidate the technological and creative talents that linked Hounsfield with EMI and the Beatles and which ultimately led to one of the greatest medical innovations of the 20th century. Methods We used GoogleScholar, PubMed, and primary sources to research the life of Godfrey Hounsfield, the history of Electric and Musical Industries, Ltd (EMI), and The Beatles in reference to the development of CT. We used the EMI Archives Trust (London), and the archives of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) UK and Ireland (London). We obtained unpublished photographs courtesy of private collections. Results EMI translated its electronic prowess during WWII into the recorded music business, purchasing Capitol Records in 1955. EMI would sign The Beatles in 1963 and EMI profits rose 80% that first year. Sir Godfrey Hounsfield began a successful scientific career with EMI in 1951. With financial support from EMI’s research division, Hounsfield began developing what would become the first CT-scanner in 1967. By directing x-ray beams through the body at 1 degree angles, with a detector rotating in tandem on the other side, he could measure the x-ray attenuation of different tissues inside the body. These values were then analyzed via a mathematical algorithm to produce a 2-dimensional image of the slice of the body. Hounsfield worked with James Ambrose, a radiologist, to conduct the first clinical CT-scan at Atkinson Morley Hospital in 1971 in a patient with a brain tumor. EMI entered the medical equipment business thereafter and heavily marketed the CT-scanner using the financial resources EMI derived from its record sales. By 1976, EMI could not produce enough CT-scanners to fill demand and ultimately would cede the medical imaging business to competitors, and devote itself to the music industry. In 1979, Hounsfield, and Allen Cormack, a South African physicist who independently theorized the basis of CT imaging, would win the Nobel Prize. Conclusions ‘Let it be’ known that it was only ‘yesterday’ when a recording company, a rock band, and a radar scientist revolutionized medical imaging with the development of computed tomography.
The Plague Doctor, the Pandemic Doctor, and Surgical Protective Clothing
Authors: Steinmetz Alexis , Rabinowitz Ronald
Published: January 2023

Objectives Infectious diseases have tormented humans for thousands of years, and severe outbreaks have led to the devastation of entire communities. Even before globalization, parasites and pathogens traveled along trade routes with their human hosts. The protective clothing worn by physicians during epidemics serves as a powerful historical record chronicling accepted theories of disease transmission and treatments. The materials and designs of modern-day protective equipment reflect the contributions of surgeons to the ways doctors protected themselves and their patients during epidemics. Methods Historical texts and journal articles were reviewed regarding the history, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of epidemics of plague, influenza, and coronavirus. Results The Justinian Plague of the 540s CE was the first pandemic to be fully documented and began the long history of plagues through the Black Death of the Middle Ages. Believing that the etiology was foul-smelling bad air (miasma), doctors protected themselves by wearing dramatic head-to-toe coverings. Heavy boots, pants, long coats, gloves, and brimmed hats were made of leather sealed with animal fat. Most important was the infamous face mask with glass eye coverings and a long beak filled with aromatics intended to purify disease-causing vapors. An appreciation of droplet theory in the 19th century made beaked masks obsolete, replacing them with cloth face masks. Surgeons continued to pioneer the development of gloves and gowns, initially to protect themselves and later to protect their patients. Their outfits were worn by healthcare workers during the epidemics of the 20th century. Similar to the plague doctors, present-day physicians treating patients suffering from COVID-19 don themselves in head-to-toe protective outwear, although heavy leather and beaked-masks have long since been replaced by disposable fabrics and the N95 respirator. Conclusions The evolution of physicians’ protective clothing from the iconic beaked mask of the 17th century plague doctor to the hazmat-esque suits of the COVID-19 pandemic doctor reflects the substantial advancements in the detection, treatment, and containment of communicable diseases. Much of this is due to the dedicated efforts of surgeons to better safeguard their patients as well as protect themselves against diseases contained in bodily fluids.
Bygge kirke : bidrag til en teologi for menighetsutvikling
Authors:   Ansgar University College, Råmunddal Lars
Published: January 2023

Denne boken er en samling, bearbeidelse og redigering av tidligere publiserte faglige artikler og ikke-publiserte tekster som har vært brukt i undervisning for kirkelige ledere. Fagområdet er praktisk teologi, med hovedfokus på anvendt eller praktisk ekklesiologi og menighetsutvikling. Dette speiles i bokens undertittel: Bidrag til en teologi for menighetsutvikling. Begrepet menighetsutvikling defineres i boken som — et målrettet arbeid for å sette menigheten i bedre stand til å være det den er kalt til å være og å gjøre det den er kalt til å gjøre. Dette er et arbeid som foregår hver dag i ulike menigheter og kirkesamfunn med både ansatte og frivillige som har et sterkt menighetsbyggende engasjement. Men for at det menighetsutviklende arbeidet skal bli nettopp det definisjonen uttrykker, er det påkrevd at det praktiske arbeidet går parallelt med teologisk refleksjon. Bidraget i denne boken handler om det siste. Vi lever i en tid som roper etter teologisk refleksjon og forankring, og vi fristes kontinuerlig til enten å bli overflatiske eller til å søke inspirasjonskilder helt andre steder enn i Bibelen og i den kristne tradisjonen. Kan tekstene i denne boken bidra til en fordypet forståelse av den kristne menighets kall og oppdrag i vår tid — på det stedet og i den sammenhengen der vi er satt, er intensjonen med boken oppnådd. Lars Råmunddal, PhD, er dosent i praktisk teologi ved Ansgar høyskole for teologi, musikk og psykologi.
A Brief Overview of the Online Bird Trade in Vietnam
Authors:   Monitor Conservation Research Society (Monitor), Box 200, Big Lake Ranch, B.C., V0L 1G0, Canada, Leupen Boyd T. C.
Published: January 2023

Unsustainable commercial exploitation poses a serious threat to many of Vietnam’s native bird species. Here we report on a survey of the country’s online bird trade, conducted across four major online platforms. Between 9 March and 3 April 2020, a total of 434 posts were recorded, accounting for 834 individuals of at least 50 species, ten of which have not been recorded in Vietnamese trade before. Ninety-two percent of the recorded species were native to Vietnam and 18% (n=9) of the species, accounting for 15% (n=115) of the recorded individuals, are protected under Vietnamese law. Recorded prices ranged between VND16,667 (~US$0.7) and VND7 million (~US$303), depending on the species and on a bird’s specific singing qualities. The highest trade numbers were found on Chợ Tốt (186 posts, 335 birds), followed by Facebook (161 posts, 325 birds), Chợ Vinh (82 posts, 169 birds) and Chim Cảnh Đất Việt (5 posts, 5 birds). The scale of the observed trade appears to confirm a partial shift towards online platforms in Vietnam’s bird trade, or at least an increase in the use of online platforms to trade wild birds. In anticipation of a further development of this trend, we urge the Government of Vietnam to improve regulations and to take greater enforcement action against illegal online trading practices.
A ray of hope in the darkness: What we have learned from Yangtze giant soft-shell turtle Rafetus swinhoei (Gray, 1873) conservation?
Authors:   Department of Animal Science and Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universiti Putra                     Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia, Al-Asif Abdulla
Published: January 2023

The Swinhoe's softshell turtle, Rafetus swinhoei (Gray, 1873),) is one of the world's largest freshwater turtles, and possibly the most endangered turtle species on the planet (Stanford et al., 2018). It has an overall length of over 100 cm and a width of up to 70 cm, and it can easily weigh up to 70–100 kg, maximum weight was recorded at 169 kg (Solimine, 2013; Trong, 2018).
Essay on a Civil Topic – a Tool for Assessment Student's Attitudes
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Vasileva Despina
Published: January 2023

The article presents a study of 12th grade students' understanding of the concepts of “nationalism”, “globalism” and “patriotism”. The aim is to find out expressed in the students' essays self-stereotypes and social attitudes, as well as the degree of comprehension of the concepts. The participants are 46 12th grade students aged 18-19. Students create an essay on the topic: “What do globalism, patriotism and nationalism mean in the modern world?”. Three teachers of Bulgarian language and literature assess each essay. Each text is evaluated in relation to the concepts of “patriotism”, “globalism”, “nationalism”. First, as a level of understanding and making sense of the concepts. Second, according to the degree of manifestation of the attitude – from extremely positive to extremely negative. Comprehension was assessed on a five-point scale. The level of manifestation of the attitude was assessed on a three-point scale. The results of the study show the low average value of understanding.
On the Burden of Reading and Studying Literature
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Hristova Natalija
Published: January 2023

This article focuses on the resistance of today's children and adolescents to reading and their distressing school experiences with literature. Drawing on Tsvetan Todorov's research, it reveals some of the internal enemies of literary education, namely the dangerous reduction of literature in school to the instruments of its analysis. This technicist approach results in missing the real point of engaging with literature, and literary education self-destructs in the eyes of students. In addition to alienating students from reading, this conception of literature fails to address their basic needs, namely to better understand the world and learn to know themselves.
Competences and Intersubject Integration in Bulgarian Language Learning – Opportunities, Perspectives and Challenges
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Boykova Fani
Published: January 2023

The article examines the integrative potential of the text for developing competences and intersubject connections in Bulgarian language learning. Attention is dedicated to the found in the curricula possibilities for integrating concepts and themes from different subject areas. The topic area is interpreted in the context of the idea of shaping key competences for lifelong learning and the competence approach in modern language learning. Methodological ideas are offered for the realization of intersubject connections and the development of key competences.
Demographic Dimensions of Russian Language Teaching in Secondary School
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Mavrova Aglaya
Published: January 2023

The focus of this article is teaching Russian language in secondary school, viewed through the lens of four demographic indicators – gender, age, professional experience, intensity of teaching Russian language. For this purpose, the results obtained from a large-scale survey conducted among Russian language teachers were analyzed, to which 238 people responded (36 from the city of Sofia and 202 from other cities and villages of the country). The analysis of the results shows: a tendency towards aging of Russian language teachers, a high concentration of language teaching in the city, the choice of the language mainly as a second foreign language. Based on these results, conclusions are drawn, some of which seem disturbing.
Rhetoric in Modern Bulgarian Education
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Milanov Vladislav
Published: January 2023

This text presents two contemporary publications dedicated to the teaching of rhetoric in Bulgarian secondary and higher education institutions. The books summarize the authors' experience in theoretical modeling and practical presentation in modern online formats of various oratorical approaches, as well as the creation of text types that require different communicative and oratorical competencies. In the teaching aid “Online Rhetoric Course” a special glossary has been prepared, which includes more than 100 terms, starting from metaphor and reaching terms from modern visual rhetoric. In the book “Teaching Rhetoric Online. Open resources” there are developed methodological guidelines for writing and delivering various types of speeches: from solemn speeches through business speeches and motivational speeches. The teaching aid also contains instructions for preparing and conducting debates and discussions, which are established dialogic rhetorical genres and formats useful for various specialists in various professional fields. The study aid has podcasts, one of which is with speeches voiced and delivered by an actor in Bulgarian, not only in English. The aids will be useful to a wide range of professionals who wish to improve their public speaking skills.
How Students Use the Conjunctions nito – nito, tu – tu and hem – hem
Authors:   Institute for Bulgarian Language - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Abadzhieva Magdalena
Published: January 2023

This article presents the results of a linguistic study conducted in June 2022 how students use the conjunctions nito – nito, tu – tu and hem – hem. The data was collected by filling out a survey from students from Bulgaria. The material has been summarized and analyzed and will be useful both for teachers and students, as well as for experts who work on the curricula of Bulgarian language and literature. As the resultsshow, more emphasis needs to be placed on learning the lexical meaning of conjunctions, which can be achieved with more lexical tasks.
Symbols as Means of Implementing an Interdisciplinary Approach in Music and Bulgarian Language and Literature Education in the Primary Educational Stage
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Turnovo, Marcheva Penka
Published: January 2023

The possibilities of symbols as means of implementing an interdisciplinary approach in teaching music and literature in primary education is the topic examined in this publication. This is a topic that is developed relatively rarely in pedagogical literature. In the theoretical aspects of this publication, the main parameters of the interdisciplinary approach, applicable to the education of students in 1st – 4th grades, which can be realized through literary and musical symbolism, are examined. Arguments supporting statements regarding the essence of symbols and the possibility of them functioning as denotation for one of the criteria for the manifestation and functioning of linguistic and musical intelligence, included in H. Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences, are brought forth. The focus is on the essence of the two types of symbols – literary and musical as means of forming and developing the respective types of intelligence. The publication also examines some practical and applied aspects, the main emphasis being fairy tales as a literary genre and program music, which are rich in symbolism. Specific approaches to pedagogical interaction are listed such as “building musical characterization of a literary symbol”, “making sense of a specific musical work with the help of literary symbols”, “using literary symbols to realize musical content”. In this way, it is proven that they are a real basis for the implementation of an interdisciplinary educational approach in the education of primary school students.
“Unheimlich Fantastisch – E.T.A. Hoffmann 2022”: The Hoffmann's Year at Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
Authors:   Berlin State Library, Schlodder Benjamin
Published: January 2023

This article introduces the E.T.A. Hoffmann Archive at the Berlin State Library as well as the E.T.A. Hoffmann Online Portal, which could be established as the main platform to start all E.T.A. Hoffmann research. It describes the functions of the Online Portal and gives an overview of the exhibition project ‚Fantastically Uncanny‘ which links young people to Hoffmann’s thoughts and motifs.
Health Science in Student Education in Kinesitherapy and Physical Education
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Petrova Nataliya , Ivanova Diana
Published: January 2023

In times, where everyday life is constantly and dynamically changing, in relation to rapidly overwhelming unpredictable pandemics, we have the opportunity to preserve the health of children and students. An excellent tool for increasing people's health culture and habits for the rest of their lifes is the introduction of a discipline such as valeology. Future Physical Education teachers and kinesitherapists are professionals, who can help realize this difficult task by educating every member of society in believing that health is the greatest human value.