bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basis risk in the pasture, rangeland, and forage insurance program: Evidence from California
Authors: Keller James B. , Saitone Tina L.
Published: January 2022

Agricultural producers who are reliant upon rangelands and pasturelands are some of the most vulnerable to weather‐related risk given their dependence on climate‐sensitive resources. Index‐based insurance products, like the Pasture, Rangeland, and Forage Insurance Program, are considered to be an adaptation strategy for mitigating climatic risks. Given that indices are imperfect predictors of losses, residual (basis) risk persists. This study quantifies basis risk and assesses insurance contract quality for nearly 63 million acres of rangelands in California. Basis risk can be summarized by considering false negative probabilities—the probability that an insured producer suffers a loss without receiving an indemnity payment. On California rangelands the false negative probabilities associated with one (both) of insured time intervals failing to indemnify a loss are 31% to 46% (14%–25%). When indemnities were paid, in 36% of the cases the payments are not sufficient to compensate for forage‐related losses; the average shortfall in indemnity‐related compensation ranged from $1.74/acre to $2.73/acre depending upon the location and underlying value of forage.
Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) in gestational diabetes mellitus and coagulation in healthy term pregnancy: A prospective observational study in Australia
Authors: Lee Julie , Eley Victoria A. , Wyssusek Kerstin H. , Kimble Rebecca M.N. , Way Mandy , van Zundert Andre A.
Published: January 2022

Background

Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) is a point‐of‐care test of coagulation. ROTEM®‐defined hypercoagulability has been identified in pregnant women and in non‐pregnant patients with diabetes mellitus. Pregnancy is known to be a hypercoagulable state, but the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on coagulation is unknown.

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the combined effect of pregnancy and GDM on coagulation using ROTEM® and to compare this to healthy pregnant women presenting for elective caesarean delivery.

Materials and Methods

Ethics approval was granted for recruitment of women presenting for elective caesarean delivery. Women with pre‐existing conditions affecting coagulation were excluded. Group N included health pregnant women at term and Group G included pregnant women at term with GDM. Data regarding GDM management and glycaemic control were collected. Poor glycaemic control was defined by markers of accelerated fetal growth and elevated fasting or postprandial blood glucose levels. The ROTEM® parameters (extrinsically activated thromboelastometric test (EXTEM) / fibrin polymerisation test (FIBTEM) amplitude at five minutes, coagulation time, maximum clot firmness and clot formation time) were compared between the two groups using Student’s t‐test.

Results

There were 75 women in Group N and 21 women in Group G. Mean age and median body mass index values were comparable for both groups. There were no statistical differences found between the EXTEM and FIBTEM parameters analysed for the two groups.

Conclusions

There was no association between GDM and increased hypercoagulability as demonstrated by ROTEM® parameters in healthy pregnant women presenting for elective caesarean delivery at term.
Determining the minimal important differences in the RQLQ score with grass and tree allergy immunotherapy versus placebo in adults with moderate‐to‐severe allergy
Authors: Blaiss Michael S. , Gronskyte Juhl Ruta , Siew Leonard Q.C. , Hammerby Eva , Devillier Philippe
Published: January 2022

Background

Pollen from grasses and trees can trigger allergic rhinitis (AR), where the symptoms and associated consequences can negatively affect quality of life (QoL). The Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) is frequently used in clinical trials of AR to assess QoL. To help interpret RQLQ data, the minimal important difference (MID) can be used to assess whether a mean difference in QoL between treatment groups is clinically meaningful. In seasonal allergy, an MID differs according to the allergen, pollen exposure, symptom severity, patient age and treatment; the same MID cannot be applied to all scenarios.

Methods

Using data from four Phase III clinical trials of SQ sublingual immunotherapy‐tablets in adults with moderate‐to‐severe allergy, between‐group MIDs were derived for the RQLQ in grass pollen allergy (during the peak [n = 501] and entire [n = 514] pollen seasons), and in tree pollen allergy (during the birch [n = 516] and tree [n = 518] pollen seasons), using anchor‐based methodology, supported by distribution‐based methods.

Results

For grass pollen allergy, anchor‐based derived between‐group MIDs were 0.22 for the entire pollen season (n = 343) and 0.10 for the peak pollen season (n = 335). For tree pollen allergy, anchor‐based derived between‐group MIDs were 0.26 for the tree pollen season (n = 306) and 0.16 for the birch pollen season (n = 305) (representative of peak season). Distribution‐based derived MIDs were supportive of the anchor‐based values.

Conclusions

This analysis has derived between‐group MIDs specific to the trial populations evaluated and to the conditions under which the data were obtained, and highlights the need for a range of MIDs to reflect the unique nature of seasonal allergic disease.
Thrombin cleaves IL‐33 and modulates IL‐33‐activated allergic lung inflammation
Authors: Huang Yuying , Li Xuezhen , Zhu Lin , Huang Chunrong , Chen Wen , Ling Zhiyang , Zhu SongLing , Feng Xintong , Yi Chunyan , Gu Wangpeng , Yan Chenghua , Wang Jing , Ma Liyan , Su Xiao , Dai Ranran , Shi Guochao , Sun Bing , Zhang Yaguang
Published: January 2022

Background

Organisms have orchestrated coagulation and immune systems. Although a link between inflammation and haemostasis has been reported in asthma, the interaction mechanism has not been completely elucidated. Here, we investigated the direct link between the mammalian immune and coagulation systems.

Methods

Mice were administered protease or antigens intranasally to induce airway inflammation with or without thrombin inhibitors treatment. The effects of thrombin and its inhibitors on interleukin (IL)‐33 were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma from asthma patients are collected to verify the correlation between thrombin and group 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s).

Results

Low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH, an indirect inhibitor of thrombin) restrained both papain‐ and fungus‐induced type 2 immune responses in mice by inhibiting IL‐33 cleavage. Upon examining the potential thrombin protease consensus sites, we found that IL‐33 was directly cleaved by thrombin at specific amino acids (R48 and R106) to generate a mature form of IL‐33 with potent biological activity. In addition, we found that bivalirudin TFA (a direct inhibitor of thrombin) inhibited a variety of type 2 inflammatory responses, such as those in house dust mite (HDM)‐ and ovalbumin (OVA)‐mediated pulmonary inflammation models. We found that plasma thrombin‐antithrombin complex (TATc) levels in asthma patients were positively associated with the number and function of IL‐33‐responder group 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s) among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from asthma patients.

Conclusion

The data suggested that thrombin inhibitors administration could be effective in treating lung inflammation by regulating ILC2s via IL‐33 maturation, indicating that targeting thrombin is a potential way to treat allergic diseases.
Accessibility of transportation to child‐welfare involved parents and the related impact on court‐ordered service participation
Authors: Findley Erin , Crutchfield Jandel
Published: January 2022

Families involved with Child Protective Services (CPS) face daunting steps to meet their service plan goals in the effort to achieve reunification with their children. Families who lack transportation access face additional barriers. This study explored Court Appointed Special Advocates, or CASA, volunteers' perspectives of the impact of transportation access on child welfare‐involved families' service participation. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine CASA volunteers in a large city in a Southeastern state. Questions were asked regarding volunteers' experiences of transportation access for parents and children. Primary emphasis was placed on families' access to services. Three primary themes emerged in the data analysis: (1) challenges are wide‐ranging, exacerbated by transportation issues; (2) transportation linked to court‐ordered services success; and (3) practical recommendations stem from transportation justice. Interviews illuminated transportation challenges faced by families involved with CPS. The observed link between transportation inequity and CPS permanency outcomes warrants serious consideration in future research. Recommendations provide initial guidance to begin addressing disparities faced by these families.
Neuroinflammation in perioperative neurocognitive disorders: From bench to the bedside
Authors: Liu Yang , Fu Huiqun , Wang Tianlong
Published: January 2022

The perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are one of the most common complications in elderly patients characterized by various forms of cognitive decline after anesthesia and surgery. Although the etiology for PNDs remained unclear, neuroinflammation has been characterized as one of the major causes, especially in the elderly patients. The activation of glial cells including microglia and astrocytes plays a significant role in the inflammatory responses in central nerve system (CNS). Although carefully designed, clinical studies on PNDs showed controversial results. Meanwhile, preclinical studies provided evidence from various levels, including behavior performance, protein levels, and gene expression. In this review, we summarize high‐quality studies and recent advances from both clinical and preclinical studies and provide a broad view from the onset of PNDs to its potential therapeutic targets. Future studies are needed to investigate the signaling pathways in PNDs for prevention and treatment, as well as the relationship of PNDs and future neurocognitive dysfunction.
The geography of international conservation interest in South American deforestation frontiers
Authors: Qin Siyu , Kuemmerle Tobias , Meyfroidt Patrick , Napolitano Ferreira Mariana , Gavier Pizarro Gregorio I. , Periago Maria Eugenia , Reis Tiago N.P. dos , Romero‐Muñoz Alfredo , Yanosky Alberto
Published: January 2022

International funding is increasingly important in supporting conservation in mega‐biodiverse countries. However, it remains unclear which donors invest in which conservation objectives and where, making it difficult to identify gaps and key actors to influence. Here we identified 1947 foreign‐aided conservation projects in South America's major deforestation frontiers and summarized their objectives and interventions over time and space. We found that conserving nature for its own sake and for ecosystem services remained key objectives, but the types of interventions varied considerably over time. Geographically, international conservation prioritized moist forests over drier biomes, despite equally high deforestation risk. Different donor groups emphasized specific objectives and interventions that reflected socioecological links (e.g., bird migration, colonial history) between donating and receiving regions, as well as the donors’ values (e.g., iconic/endangered species, human rights). These telecoupled patterns provide both opportunities and barriers for conservation and have implications for conservation prioritization strategies.
Teaching nonviolent communication to increase empathy between people and toward wildlife to promote human–wildlife coexistence
Authors: Kansky Ruth , Maassarani Tarek
Published: January 2022

Promoting human–wildlife coexistence in complex systems where both relationships between people and toward wildlife need to be managed is challenging. We applied nonviolent communication (NVC) training as part of a participatory dialogue program to increase empathic concern toward wildlife and between people to promote human–wildlife coexistence. NVC was developed in the 1960s by Marshal Rosenberg, a clinical psychologist who sought to incorporate empathy and compassion into everyday language. Using weekly reflexive feedback from participants, we collected 36 examples of attitude change and 71 examples of behavior change that demonstrated increased empathic concern for both people and wildlife. Therefore, NVC training has potential to be an effective tool to increase empathy and promote tolerance and human–wildlife coexistence. This is the first attempt to use NVC in the biodiversity sector, and we believe these results show promise for its wider application as a tool for participatory dialogues to improve collaboration, understanding and resolve conflicts.
Genetic diagnosis of basal ganglia disease in childhood
Authors: Baide‐Mairena Heidy , Marti‐Sánchez Laura , Marcé‐Grau Anna , Cazurro‐Gutiérrez Ana , Sanchez‐Montanez Angel , Delgado Ignacio , Moreno‐Galdó Antonio , Macaya‐Ruiz Alfons , García‐Arumí Elena , Pérez‐Dueñas Belén ,   The Childhood Basal Ganglia Disease Group
Published: January 2022

AIM

To correlate clinical, radiological, and biochemical features with genetic findings in children with bilateral basal ganglia lesions of unknown aetiology, and propose a diagnostic algorithm for early recognition.

METHOD

Children with basal ganglia disease were recruited in a 2‐year prospective multicentre study for clinical, biomarker, and genetic studies. Radiological pattern recognition was examined by hierarchical clustering analysis.

RESULTS

We identified 22 genetic conditions in 30 out of 62 paediatric patients (37 males, 25 females; mean age at onset 2y, SD 3; range 0–10y; mean age at assessment 11y, range 1–25y) through gene panels (n=11), whole‐exome sequencing (n=13), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing (n=6). Genetic aetiologies included mitochondrial diseases (57%), Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (20%), and monogenic causes of dystonia and/or epilepsy (17%) mimicking Leigh syndrome. Radiological abnormalities included T2‐hyperintense lesions (n=26) and lesions caused by calcium or manganese mineralization (n=9). Three clusters were identified: the pallidal, neostriatal, and striatal, plus the last including mtDNA defects in the oxidative phosphorylation system with prominent brain atrophy. Mitochondrial biomarkers showed poor sensitivity and specificity in children with mitochondrial disease, whereas interferon signature was observed in all patients with patients with Aicardi–Goutières syndrome.

INTERPRETATION

Combined whole‐exome and mtDNA sequencing allowed the identification of several genetic conditions affecting basal ganglia metabolism. We propose a diagnostic algorithm which prioritizes early use of next‐generation sequencing on the basis of three clusters of basal ganglia lesions.
The hidden wealth of English dynasties, 1892–2016
Authors: Cummins Neil
Published: January 2022

Using individual‐level records of all wealth‐at‐death in England from 1892 to 1992, together with new estimates of the wealth‐specific rate of return on wealth, this study estimates a plausible minimum level of the amount of inherited wealth that is hidden. Elites conceal around 35 per cent of their inheritance. Among dynasties, this hidden wealth, independent of declared wealth, predicts appearance in the Offshore Leaks Database of 2013–16 and is correlated with postcode house‐value in 1999 and Oxbridge attendance in 1990–2016. Accounting for hidden wealth eliminates about 28 per cent, at minimum, of the observed decline of the top 1 per cent wealth‐share, at the dynastic level, over the past century. Findings show 9 077 dynasties that are hiding £8.9 billion.
This other life that knows itself as life: Comments on Karen Ng's Hegel's concept of life
Authors: Khurana Thomas
Published: January 2022

In this paper, I discuss Karen Ng's reconstruction of Hegel's concept of life. On Ng's account, Hegel's conception of life has a remarkable double role to play: Life is both the proper object of judgment as well as a fundamental characterization of the activity of the judging subject. In a first step, I highlight the insight that Ng's account sheds on the internal connection of life and self‐consciousness and the peculiar normativity of life. In a second step, I raise three concerns about Ng's strong focus on the logical notion of life which she characterizes as non‐empirical and a priori. I argue that in order to uncover the full significance of the notion of life for Hegel we have to turn to his Philosophy of Nature and Spirit.
The Multidimensionality of Measurement Bias in High‐Stakes Testing: Using Machine Learning to Evaluate Complex Sources of Differential Item Functioning
Authors: Belzak William C. M.
Published: January 2022

Test developers and psychometricians have historically examined measurement bias and differential item functioning (DIF) across a single categorical variable (e.g., gender), independently of other variables (e.g., race, age, etc.). This is problematic when more complex forms of measurement bias may adversely affect test responses and, ultimately, bias test scores. Complex forms of measurement bias include conditional effects, interactions, and mediation of background information on test responses. I propose a multidimensional, person‐specific perspective of measurement bias to explain how complex sources of bias can manifest in the assessment of human knowledge, skills, and abilities. I also describe a data‐driven approach for identifying key sources of bias among many possibilities—namely, a machine learning method commonly known as regularization.
The impact of responsible fatherhood programs on parenting, psychological well‐being, and financial outcomes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kohl Patricia L. , Krauss Melissa J. , King Courtney , Cheng Shih‐Ying , Fowler Patrick , Goodwin Destini N. , Tillis Cheri D. , Sullivan Halbert , Sorg Amy , Mueller Nancy B.
Published: January 2022

The objective of this study was to examine differences in parenting, psychological well‐being, and economic outcomes between fathers receiving two different programs offered by Fathers & Families Support Center for economically disadvantaged fathers: (a) Family Formation (FF), a 6‐week/240‐h program focused on economic stability/mobility, responsible fatherhood, and healthy relationships, with case management and legal services; (b) Economic Stability (ES), a 4‐week/80‐h program focused only on economic stability with limited case management and legal services. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was used to compare fathers in FF (n = 350) vs. ES (n = 342). Surveys were administered at enrollment and 3‐ and 12‐months postintervention. Linear and generalized linear mixed models were used to assess changes in program outcomes over time and across study groups. Four hundred and eighty‐two fathers responded to either follow‐up survey (251 FF, 231 ES). Nearly all (98%) were non‐white (93% Black, 5% other/mixed race) and were on average 34 years old. Approximately 46% attended ≥75% of program sessions (FF 48% vs. ES 44%). Both FF and ES groups experienced improvements in parenting, psychological well‐being, and financial outcomes after the programs, but changes in outcomes over time did not differ significantly by program. The lack of difference in outcomes between fathers in FF and ES groups could be due to a similar core focus on employment‐related curriculum for both groups. Gaining financial stability could have contributed to positive improvements in other fatherhood domains. Implications for future research and practice are discussed herein.
Antihypertensive and lipid‐lowering drugs usage after primary stroke in a large representative sample of the French population
Authors: Perrier Julia , Olié Valérie , Gabet Amélie , Tzourio Christophe , Bezin Julien
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study is to describe the use of antihypertensive and lipid‐lowering drugs in post‐stroke secondary prevention in France. This is a prospective cohort study based on a representative sample of the French health insurance system database. All patients aged 45 and over, hospitalized for a first stroke between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2014 were included. For each drug class, identified using Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes, patients were followed from the first drug supply after stroke until the end of study period (31 December 2017), or exit date of the database or death. Adherence was defined by the proportion of days covered and persistence by the absence of a treatment gap of more than 91 days. A total of 2674 patients were included, median age was 75.0 years (interquartile range 63.0–83.0) and 51.2% were women. For patients treated with a drug of interest after stroke, median follow‐up was 4.8 years (interquartile range 3.4–6.5). Regarding antihypertensive drugs, adherence at 8 years was 84.1% and persistence was 71.0%. For lipid‐lowering drugs adherence at 8 years was 68.6% and persistence was 49.4%. Adherence and persistence were lower for patients starting treatment at time of stroke (antihypertensive drugs: 70.9% for adherence and 52.6% for persistence; lipid‐lowering drugs: 62.3% and 43.1%) compared to patients already treated (antihypertensive drugs: 87.2% and 75.2%; lipid‐lowering drugs: 73.6% and 54.5%). In this large representative sample of patients hospitalized for a first stroke in France, post‐stroke therapeutic management remains suboptimal compared to guidelines, notably regarding lipid‐lowering drugs. This trend was more pronounced for newly treated patients.
Fatigue modeling using neural networks: A comprehensive review
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Yongming
Published: January 2022

Neural network (NN) models have significantly impacted fatigue‐related engineering communities and are expected to increase rapidly due to the recent advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence. A comprehensive review of fatigue modeling methods using NNs is lacking and will help to recognize past achievements and suggest future research directions. Thus, this paper presents a survey of 251 publications between 1990 and July 2021. The NN modeling in fatigue is classified into five applications: fatigue life prediction, fatigue crack, fatigue damage diagnosis, fatigue strength, and fatigue load. A wide range of NN architectures are employed in the literature and are summarized in this review. An overview of important considerations and current limitations for the application of NNs in fatigue is provided. Statistical analysis for the past and the current trend is provided with representative examples. Existing gaps and future research directions are also presented based on the reviewed articles.
Assessing the potential for unaccounted emissions from bioenergy and the implications for forests: The United States and global
Authors: Funk Jason M. , Forsell Nicklas , Gunn John S. , Burns David N.
Published: January 2022

Development of the bioenergy sector is being actively pursued in many countries as a means to reduce climate change and fulfill international climate agreements such as the Paris Agreement. Although biomass for energy production (especially wood pellets) can replace carbon‐intensive fossil fuels, its net greenhouse gas impact varies, and the production of wood pellets can also lead to intensification in forest harvests and reduction of forest carbon stocks. Additionally, under specific conditions, emissions associated with imported biomass feedstocks may be omitted from national accounts, due to incompatibilities in accounting approaches. We assessed the risks and potential scale of emissions omitted from accounts (EOA) among key trading regions, focusing on the demand for wood pellets under different levels of climate mitigation targets. Our results suggest that the global production of wood pellets would grow from 38.9 to 120 Mton/year between 2019 and 2050 in a scenario that limits global mean temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre‐industrial levels. A large portion of this occurs in North America (36.8 Mton/year by 2050), Europe (47.6 Mton/year by 2050), and Asia (23.3 Mton/year by 2050). We estimate that in a 1.5°C scenario, global EOA associated with international trade of wood pellets has the potential to reach 23.81 MtCO2eq/year by 2030 and 69.52 MtCO2eq/year in 2050. Emissions resulting from European biomass energy production, based on wood pellet imports from the United States, may reach 11.68 MtCO2eq/year by 2030 and 33.57 MtCO2eq/year in 2050. The production of wood pellet feedstocks may also present a substantial carbon price arbitrage opportunity for bioenergy producers through a conjunction of two distinct GHG accounting rules. If this opportunity is realized, it could accelerate the growth of the bioenergy industry to levels that harm forests’ function as a carbon sink and omit actual emissions in national and global accounting frameworks.
Referral system has a diminished difference in the risk for hepatic encephalopathy development among each etiology in patients with acute liver injury
Authors: Kakisaka Keisuke , Suzuki Yuji , Takahashi Fumiaki , Takikawa Yasuhiro
Published: January 2022

Aim

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) development is crucial in liver transplantation for patients with acute liver injury (ALI) and failure (ALF); to predict HE development, the Japan Hepatic Encephalopathy Prediction (JHEP) model, calculated using age, etiology, prothrombin time (PT), and total bilirubin, was established in 2004, and a referral system to the liver center was implemented using the JHEP model from April 2004.

Methods

The JHEP model's ability to predict HE development in 460 consecutive patients with ALI between April 2004 and January 2021 using data from the referral system was evaluated, and the JHEP model was revised.

Results

During the observation period, 7.8% patients developed HE. There was no difference in the proportion of HE development among the etiologies. In the Hosmer–Lemeshow test for HE development prediction, the JHEP model, revised JHEP (rJHEP) model, which was calculated without etiology data, and the modified JHEP model, which used the PT international ratio instead of PT in the rJHEP model, were good fitting models. Upon 30% random sampling from the total patients 60 times, the receiver operating curve analysis of both JHEP and rJHEP models for HE development was performed in all the datasets. The area under the curve of the JHEP model was subtracted from that of the rJHEP model (95% confidential interval, 0.000516–0.01793).

Conclusions

The referral system using the JHEP model reduced the difference in the risk for HE development among each etiology; the rJHEP model had a better prediction ability for HE development than the JHEP model.
Key changes to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of female genital tumours introduced in the 5th edition (2020)
Authors: McCluggage W Glenn , Singh Naveena , Gilks C Blake
Published: January 2022

An updated World Health Organization (WHO) classification of female genital tumours was published in autumn 2020. We discuss the major new additions to and changes from the prior 2014 classification with a discussion of the reasons underlying these. A feature of the new classification is the greater emphasis on key molecular events with integration of morphological and molecular features. Most of the major changes from the prior classification pertain to uterine (corpus and cervix) and vulval tumours, but changes in all organs are covered.
Rapid determination of L‐ascorbic acid content in vitamin C serums by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Pizzo Jessica Santos , Cruz Victor Hugo Maldonado , Rodrigues Carina Alexandra , Manin Luciana Pelissari , Visentainer Lorena , Santos Oscar Oliveira , Maldaner Liane , Visentainer Jesuí Vergilio
Published: January 2022

Objective

This study aimed to develop and validate a rapid, simple, accurate and precise analytical method for the quantification of L‐AA in vitamin C serums. Moreover, the developed method was further applied to determine L‐AA in eight different brands of vitamin C serums. A complementary study was also carried out to evaluate the stability of L‐AA in the vitamin C serum samples after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of storage at ambient temperature (15–35°C).

Methods

Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was applied.

Results

Quantitative analyses were performed with a total chromatographic run time of 1.5 min by matrix‐matched calibration, and the analytical curve was linear over the range of 1–1700 µg L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.3 and 1.0 µg L−1, respectively. Intra‐ and inter‐assay precisions, expressed in terms of relative standard deviation, ranged from 0.3% and 2.2%, respectively, and recoveries in concentration levels of 1 and 5 µg L−1 were 103.9% and 101.2%, respectively. The proposed analytical method was successfully applied to determine the L‐AA content in eight commercial vitamin C serum samples. The stability of the target analyte in samples stored at ambient temperature (15–35°C) was evaluated throughout 60 days with a 15‐day interval between analyses. At 0 days, L‐AA content in samples ranged from 1.05 to 169.91 mg L−1, which decreases over time.

Conclusion

The proposed method could be powerful in routine analyses to ensure the quantification of L‐AA in vitamin C serums since it proved to be a simple, reliable, fast, precise, accurate and sensitive analytical method.
A review of the physical context of creativity: A three‐dimensional framework for investigating the physical context of creativity
Authors: Blomberg Annika J. , Kallio Tomi J.
Published: January 2022

Many organizations are investing considerable resources in building and designing what are termed ‘creative offices’. In this paper, we bring together two lines of academic enquiry that have attracted the interest of scholars from different disciplines: organizational creativity and the physical space of organizations. These lines of study use different concepts and lean on different ontologies; consequently, their relation is underexplored in the extant literature. To provide a better understanding of the ways in which physical space relates to creativity, we offer an integrative review based on a three‐dimensional framework comprising (i) the elements of workspace, (ii) the social dynamics of space and (iii) the relation between space and creativity. This framework is used to review the physical context of creativity literature. Based on this framework and our review, we outline three directions for future studies on the physical context of creativity. These directions are based on a broader understanding of physical space that aligns better with the contemporary conception of creativity as a process.
A combined resources‐strength intervention: Empirical evidence from two streams of the positive psychology approach
Authors: Ceschi Andrea , Sartori Riccardo , Tommasi Francesco , Noventa Stefano , Morandini Sofia , Zagarese Vivian
Published: January 2022

In the framework of positive psychology approach, the present study reports the effect of a mixed human resources (HR) intervention program. We developed an intervention by the integration of the classic resource‐based intervention with the specific strength training program named FAMILY. Then, we examined the extent to which such a combined intervention enhanced commitment, work engagement, job performance, and decreasing exhaustion of the participants. N = 69 sales consultants operating in an Italian pharmaceutical company participated in our study. To monitor the interventions used, participants had to complete a diary with self‐report measures on the dimensions considered for four weeks. Data were analyzed by using growth models to study the variability of the dimensions considered overtime. Afterward, we used multilevel model analyses to test the associations between them. Our results showed that our combined training intervention increased in‐role and extra‐role performance, emotional commitment, and decreased the reported exhaustion level of the employees. Moreover, relationships among such dimensions have been explored in relation to antecedents that affect them (i.e., negative and positive emotions experienced, and job demands, and resources).
Limb edema in critically ill patients: Comparing intermittent compression and elevation
Authors: Ahmadinejad Mehdi , Razban Farideh , Jahani Yunes , Heravi Faezeh
Published: January 2022

Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at high risk for limb edema, which caused complications such as pain, joint contracture, limited range of motion and atrophy of the limbs. Thus, this study was conducted to compare ICU patients' upper limb edema between two groups with the intervention of limb elevation and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC). In this quasi‐experimental before and after study, 40 patients were recruited. One upper limb was randomly assigned to the upper limb elevation (ULE) group and the other one was assigned to the IPC group. The circumference of the wrist and the middle of the arm were compared between and within groups. Results showed that in both groups of IPC and ULE and all five sessions (unless the second session of ULE), participants' arm and wrist edema were reduced significantly after the interventions (arm: P < .01; wrist: P < .0001). The differences between the two groups of ULE and IPC in regards to limb edema reduction were not significant. Although there was no significant difference between IPC and ULE intervention in the removal of edema, ULE seems to be more feasible and practical, which should be assessed in future studies.
Pressureless sintering of transparent AlON ceramic with assimilable γ‐Al2O3 as sintering promoting additives
Authors: Feng Zhao , Huang Xu , Chen Dan , Liao Zhijun , Qi Jianqi , Lu Tiecheng
Published: January 2022

Transparent aluminum oxynitride (AlON) ceramic was successfully fabricated without doping sintering additive by the pressureless sintering method. Γ‐Al2O3 nano‐powder that can be assimilated by the AlON matrix was used for promoting the densification of AlON during the sintering. The sintering behavior of AlON and the effects of γ‐Al2O3 nano‐powder on the phase, hardness, and transmittance of AlON have been investigated in detail. The mechanisms of γ‐Al2O3 nano‐powder on the AlON green body modifying and the sintering promoting are revealed. The transmittance of the AlON ceramic is dramatically enhanced by doping γ‐Al2O3 nano‐powder and the 2 mm thick sample doped with 2.5 wt% γ‐Al2O3 nano‐powder shows an inline transmittance above 81% at 1500 nm.
Cracking during pyrolysis of preceramic polymers within glass microtubes
Authors: Larson Natalie M. , Summers William D. , Zok Frank W.
Published: January 2022

Cracking of preceramic polymers during pyrolysis under highly‐constrained conditions is examined by X‐ray computed tomography of fine glass microtubes containing the pyrolyzing material. The microtubes represent model geometries that mimic the long channels between fibers during production of ceramic composites by precursor impregnation and pyrolysis. Complementary fracture mechanics analyses of interface cracking and crack kinking are used to glean insights into the conditions under which periodic alternating cracks form. A key finding is that alternating cracks are an inherent feature of constrained pyrolysis. This feature is attributable in large part to the high energy release rates for interface cracks to kink into the pyrolyzing material under the hydrostatic tension developed during pyrolysis. It also requires interfaces with toughness comparable to that of the pyrolyzing material, to prevent large‐scale interface separation. The results further indicate the need for small uniform spaces for pyrolysis within fiber preforms in order to produce networks of fine periodic pyrolysis cracks; these networks in turn facilitate impregnation and pyrolysis in subsequent processing cycles.
microRNAs and long non‐coding RNAs as biomarkers for polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Tamaddon Mona , Azimzadeh Mostafa , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known as the most common metabolic/endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Its complicated causality assessment and diagnostic emphasized the role of non‐coding regulatory RNAs as molecular biomarkers in studying, diagnosing and even as therapeutics of PCOS. This review discusses a comparative summary of research into microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are molecularly or statistically related to PCOS. We categorize the literature in terms of centering on either miRNAs or lncRNAs and discuss the combinatory studies and promising ideas as well. Additionally, we compare the pros and cons of the prominent research methodologies used for each of the abovementioned research themes and discuss how errors can be stopped from propagation by selecting correct methodologies for future research. Finally, it can be concluded that research into miRNAs and lncRNAs has the potential for identifying functional networks of regulation with multiple mRNAs (and hence, functional proteins). This new understanding may eventually afford clinicians to control the molecular course of the pathogenesis better. With further research, RNA (with statistical significance and present in the blood) may be used as biomarkers for the disease, and more possibilities for RNA therapy agents can be identified.
FGF21 attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension via downregulation of miR‐130, which targets PPARγ
Authors: Wang Meibin , Su Lihuang , Sun Junwei , Cai Luqiong , Li Xiuchun , Zhu Xiayan , Song Lanlan , Li Jingyin , Tong Shuolan , He Qinlian , Cai Mengsi , Yang Lehe , Chen Yanfan , Wang Liangxing , Huang Xiaoying
Published: January 2022

The proliferation, migration and apoptotic resistance of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are central to the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Our previous study identified that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) regulates signalling pathway molecules, such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), to play an important role in PAH treatment. However, the biological roles of miRNAs in these effects are not yet clear. In this study, using miRNA sequencing and real‐time PCR, we found that FGF21 treatment inhibited miR‐130 elevation in hypoxia‐induced PAH in vitro and in vivo. Dual luciferase reporter gene assays showed that miR‐130 directly negatively regulates PPARγ expression. Inhibition of miR‐130 expression suppressed abnormal proliferation, migration and apoptotic resistance in hypoxic PASMCs, and this effect was corrected upon PPARγ knockdown. Both the ameliorative effect of FGF21 on pulmonary vascular remodelling and the inhibitory effect on proliferation, migration and apoptotic resistance in PASMCs were observed following exogenous administration of miR‐130 agomir. In conclusion, this study revealed the protective effect and mechanism of FGF21 on PAH through regulation of the miR‐130/PPARγ axis, providing new ideas for the development of potential drugs for PAH based on FGF21.
Diet as a therapeutic tool in chronic gastrointestinal disorders: Lessons from the FODMAP journey
Authors: Gibson Peter R , Halmos Emma P , So Daniel , Yao Chu K , Varney Jane E , Muir Jane G
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim

Diet is a powerful tool in the management of gastrointestinal disorders, but developing diet therapies is fraught with challenge. This review discusses key lessons from the FODMAP diet journey.

Methods

Published literature and clinical experience were reviewed.

Results

Key to designing a varied, nutritionally adequate low‐FODMAP diet was our accurate and comprehensive database of FODMAP composition, made universally accessible via our user‐friendly, digital application. Our discovery that FODMAPs coexist with gluten in cereal products and subsequent gluten/fructan challenge studies in nonceliac gluten‐sensitive populations highlighted issues of collinearity in the nutrient composition of food and confirmation bias in the interpretation of dietary studies. Despite numerous challenges in designing, funding, and executing dietary randomized controlled trials, efficacy of the low‐FODMAP diet has been repeatedly demonstrated, and confirmed by real‐world experience, giving this therapy credibility in the eyes of clinicians and researchers. Furthermore, real‐world application of this diet saw the evolution of a safe and effective three‐phased approach. Specialist dietitians must deliver this diet to optimize outcomes as they can target and tailor the therapy and to mitigate the key risks of compromising nutritional adequacy and precipitating disordered eating behaviors, skills outside the gastroenterologist's standard tool kit. While concurrent probiotics are ineffective, specific fiber supplements may improve short‐term and long‐term outcomes.

Conclusions

The FODMAP diet is highly effective, but optimal outcomes are contingent on the involvement of a gastroenterological dietitian who can assess, educate, and monitor patients and manage risks associated with implementation of this restrictive diet.
Identification of hub genes related to immune cell infiltration in periodontitis using integrated bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Gao Xudong , Jiang Chenxi , Yao Siqi , Ma Li , Wang Xiaoxuan , Cao Zhengguo
Published: January 2022

Background and objective

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium. However, the hub genes in periodontitis and their correlation with immune cells are not clear. This study aimed to identify hub genes and immune infiltration properties in periodontitis and to explore the correlation between hub genes and immune cells.

Material and methods

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed both on GSE10334 and GSE173078 datasets. Hub genes were identified via WGCNA and DEGs. The proportions of infiltrating immune cells were calculated by CIBERSORT algorithm, and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing dataset GSE164241 was used to explore cell‐type‐specific expression profiles of hub genes.

Results

Eight hub genes (DERL3, FKBP11, LAX1, CD27, SPAG4, ST6GAL1, MZB1, and SEL1L3) were selected via WGCNA and DEGs by combining GSE10334 and GSE173078 datasets. CIBERSORT analysis showed a significant difference in the proportion of B cells, dendritic cells resting, and neutrophils in the gingival tissues between healthy and periodontitis patients, and expressions of these genes were highly correlated with the infiltration of B cells in periodontitis. Furthermore, real‐time quantitative PCR results further confirmed the overexpression of hub genes. Analysis of GSE164241dataset further identified that most of hub genes were mainly expressed in B cells.

Conclusions

By integrating WGCNA, DEGs, and CIBERSORT analysis, eight genes were identified to be the hub genes of periodontitis and most of them were mainly expressed in B cells encouraging further researches on B cells in periodontitis pathogenesis.
Geographical context outweighs habitat disturbance effects in explaining mistletoe population genetic differentiation at a regional scale
Authors: Fontúrbel Francisco E. , Rodríguez‐Gómez Gloria B. , Orellana José I. , Cortés‐Miranda Jorge , Rojas‐Hernández Noemí , Vega‐Retter Caren
Published: January 2022

Genetic differentiation depends on ecological and evolutionary processes that operate at different spatial and temporal scales. While the geographical context is likely to determine large‐scale genetic variation patterns, habitat disturbance events will probably influence small‐scale genetic diversity and gene flow patterns. Therefore, the genetic diversity patterns that we observe today result from the combination of both processes, but they are rarely assessed simultaneously. We determined the population structure and genetic diversity of a hemiparasitic mistletoe (Tristerix corymbosus) from the temperate rainforests of southern Chile to determine the effects of geographical context and habitat disturbance at a regional scale and if it is affected by the abundance and occurrence of its seed disperser mutualist (the arboreal marsupial Dromiciops gliroides). We genotyped 359 individuals from 12 populations using single nucleotide polymorphisms, across three different geographical contexts and four disturbance conditions. We also used camera traps to estimate the abundance and occurrence of the seed disperser. Our results suggest that genetic differences among populations are related more to geographical context than to habitat disturbance. However, as disturbance increased, D. gliroides abundance and occurrence decreased, and mistletoe inbreeding index (FIS) increased. We also found highly uneven gene flow among study sites. Despite the high levels of disturbance that these temperate rainforests are facing, our results suggest that mistletoe genetic differentiation at a regional scale was more influenced by historical events. However, habitat disturbance can indirectly affect mistletoe population genetic differentiation via the seed dispersal process, which may increase levels of inbreeding.
The social construction of teacher and learner identities in medicine and surgery
Authors: Cantillon Peter , De Grave Willem , Dornan Tim
Published: January 2022

Introduction

There are growing concerns about the quality and consistency of postgraduate clinical education. In response, faculty development for clinical teachers has improved formal aspects such as the assessment of performance, but informal work‐based teaching and learning have proved intractable. This problem has exposed a lack of research into how clinical teaching and learning are shaped by their cultural contexts. This paper explores the relationship between teacher–learner identity, educational practice and the workplace educational cultures of two major specialties: internal medicine and surgery.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of a large dataset, comprising field notes, participant interviews, images and video‐recordings gathered in an ethnographic study. The lead author embedded himself in four clinical teams (two surgical and two medical) in two different hospitals. The authors undertook a critical reanalysis of the observational dataset, using Dialogism and Figured Worlds theory to identify how teachers and postgraduate learners figured and authored their professional identities in the specialty‐specific cultural worlds of surgery and internal medicine.

Results

Surgery and internal medicine privileged different ways of being, knowing and talking in formal and informal settings, where trainees authored themselves as capable practitioners. The discourse of surgical education constructed proximal coaching relationships in which trainees placed themselves at reputational risk in a closely observed, embodied practice. Internal medicine constructed more distal educational relationships, in which trainees negotiated abstract representations of patients' presentations, which aligned to a greater or lesser degree with supervisors' representations.

Conclusions

Our research suggests that clinical education and the identity positions available to teachers and learners were strongly influenced by the cultural worlds of individual specialties. Attempts to change work‐based learning should be founded on situated knowledge of specialty‐specific clinical workplace cultures and should be done in collaboration with the people who work there, the clinicians.