bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pillagers And Assassins
Authors: Foote Lorien
Published: January 2023

During Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman’s March to the Sea and invasion of South Carolina, Union soldiers pillaged and burned houses. Confederate soldiers and citizens killed foragers of the Union army. Confederate officers planted land mines, an act that Union officers viewed as assassination. The number of war crimes caused officers and soldiers on both sides to view the war as a crisis of civilization. Sherman engaged in a retaliation ritual with his opponent, Lt. Gen. Wade Hampton III, and ultimately executed forty-three prisoners of war in South Carolina as an act of retaliation for the murder of his foragers. Because both combatants agreed that pillaging violated civilized war, Sherman gave his Confederate enemy permission to kill Union soldiers caught pillaging. The Federal ration retaliation ended when the US Congress did not sanction it. The ongoing retaliation over the recognition of freeborn Black citizens as Federal soldiers reached its successful conclusion when the Confederate Congress officially changed its laws and the Confederacy exchanged Black prisoners of war.
Destruction and Reconstruction in Richard Taylor’s Happy Valley
Authors: Cushman Stephen
Published: January 2023

Published by D. Appleton and Company in 1879, Confederate Lieutenant General Richard Taylor’s Destruction and Reconstruction: Personal Experiences of the Late War showed literary ambitions that still distinguish it from many Confederate memoirs. Its significance does not depend solely on Lost Cause mythmaking but arises from the literary artfulness, characterized by Taylor’s frequent literary allusions in his best chapter, “The Valley Campaign.” The power of this chapter results from Taylor’s trying to hold together two opposed ideas of warfare, one associated with Stonewall Jackson’s 1862 Valley Campaign, the other with Philip H. Sheridan’s 1864 one. From Taylor’s point of view the first idea of warfare was heroic and civilized, the second hard and brutal. Against the second kind of warfare, literary allusion served Taylor as the engine of reconstruction and the preserver of tradition. With his literary allusions he projected an ideal readership that shared his traditions and his values. Focusing on them, Taylor attempted another kind of reconstruction, one that constructed anew in the minds of his ideal readers a past the South had lost.
Teachers' readiness to support effective inclusion of students with specific learning disorders in higher and adult education
Authors:   University of Pitești, Romania, Dumitru Tăbăcaru Cristina , Stan Maria Magdalena ,   University of Pitești, Romania, Langa Claudiu ,   University of Pitești, Romania, Dumitru Georgiana ,   University of Pitești, Romania, Lazăr Adriana Nicoleta ,   University of Pitești, Romania, Kuparinen Kristiina ,   Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Vantaa, Finland, Kanervo Riikka ,   Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Vantaa, Finland, Koundouraki Chrysi ,   Heriot Watt University, Edinburg, UK
Published: January 2023

The number of students with special needs enrolled in higher education is increasing on an international level. In this context, it is becoming crucial to train teachers with more specific knowledge and skills to be more prepared to address the diverse learning needs of their students. An anonymous voluntary 17-items web-based survey was completed by 158 teachers. The main objective was to identify the training programs and best practices on inclusive education and on SLDs available for teachers in Higher Education and to explore the transnational training needs for the professionals in SLDs. University teachers are yet to have the knowledge to adapt the content, their teaching strategies, assessment methods and learning community support, to a more appropriate learning environment for students with learning disorders.
Teaching practicum in a pandemic context - challenges and solutions in the opinion of pre-service Romanian teachers
Authors:   “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Iași, Romania, Hobjilă Angelica
Published: January 2023

An essential component of the initial training of pre-service teachers, Teaching Practicum took place, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, in special conditions, adapted to new realities in the field of interpersonal relationships and in the school world. The present study aims to inventory the positive / negative elements that pre-service Romanian teachers (students of the Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences at the “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iasi, Romania) have identified in Teaching Practicum in primary school, in the second semester of the academic year 2019-2020 and in the two semesters of the academic year 2020-2021. This analysis allows both the diagnosis of the period and the difficulties encountered and the identification of solutions, opportunities to improve Teaching Practicum in different contexts.
Influence of Agricultural Practices and Activities on Conservation of the Ol-Bollosat Wetland in Kenya
Authors: Njagi Samuel Maina , Mwangi Judy Wambui
Published: January 2023

Literature shows that most of the wetlands are threatened ecosystems due to increased human activities. The proper conservation and management of the wetlands is an important step to ensure that the human population continues to benefit directly and indirectly from the wetlands, and thus the need for this study that focuses on the influence of agricultural practices and activities on the conservation of the Ol-bollosat wetland. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design, targeting 1000 households and the key informants, including the Nyumba kumi representative, Area Chief, Sub chief, KWS officers, MCA’s from Ndaragwa and Ol-jororok sub counties in Nyandarua County.  Stratified random sampling was used to select two hundred and eighty seven (287) household heads as the respondents of the study. The data collection tools were interview schedules for key informants and guided questionnaires for household heads. A pilot study was carried out in Rwamuthambi wetland in Kirinyaga County. The researcher used Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS version 26) to analyse data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis, and the results were presented in form of bar graphs, pie charts and tables.   The findings showed that agricultural activities and practices have an adverse effect on the conservation of Ol-bollosat wetland. The analysis showed that the community engaged in unsustainable agricultural practices and activities which were deleterious to the conservation of the wetland. Overgrazing on the riparian land, abstraction of water for irrigation are some of the unsustainable agricultural practices that the local community routinely engages in. The study recommends that inter-agency collaboration be enhanced so as to address the multiple challenges facing the Ol-bollosat wetland. The role of the County and National government in the management of the wetland should be enhanced, and local communities must be engaged. Further, agricultural practices and activities must be upgraded so that more cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods of irrigation are adopted. The study also recommends that further investigations be done to explore areas of meaningful community engagement in the management of the Ol-bollosat wetland.
Measurement Report: Enhanced contribution of photooxidation to dicarboxylic acids in urban aerosols during the COVID-19 lockdown in Jinan, East China
Authors: Meng Jingjing , Wang Yachen , Li Yuanyuan , Huang Tonglin , Wang Zhifei , Wang Yiqiu , Chen Min , Hou Zhanfang , Kawamura Kimitaka , Fu Pingqing
Published: January 2023

Abstract. To curb the spread of a novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), a preventive lockdown (LCD) policy was first implemented across China in early 2020, resulting in a substantial drop-off in anthropogenic pollutant emissions and thus the amelioration of air quality. Unexpectedly, several haze events driven by enhanced secondary organic aerosols (SOA) still took place in the eastern China during the LCD. To investigate the effect of LCD measures on the formation and evolutionary process of SOA, PM2.5 samples were collected before and during the LCD in Jinan, East China. The samples were measured for dicarboxylic acids (diacids) and related compounds, water-soluble inorganic ions, carbonaceous species, as well as the stable carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) of major diacids. Our results show that despite the sharp decrease of primary pollutants (e.g., CO, SO2, NO2, and element carbon) during the LCD, the O3 concentration, proportion of secondary inorganic aerosols, concentration levels, and relative abundance of diacid homologues in water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) were still 2–4 times higher than those before the LCD. The ratios of oxalic acid (C2) to diacids (C2/diacids) and to total detected organic components were higher during the LCD than those before the LCD, suggesting the more aged organic aerosols during the LCD under the clearer sky conditions. The temporal changes, diurnal variations in major diacids, and their higher concentrations and contributions during the LCD than before the LCD are mainly due to the enhanced photochemical oxidation by the higher O3 and the stronger solar radiation during the LCD. Interestingly, compound-specific stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of C2 and other major diacids show higher values in the nighttime than the daytime before the LCD, which indicate a significant contribution of organic acids via aqueous phase oxidation at night. Source apportionments using the molecular characteristics of organic compounds and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model suggest that the aqueous oxidation (45.2 %) and coal combustion (16.7 %) were the major sources before the LCD but the photochemical oxidation lunched by the higher O3 concentration (48.8 %) and aqueous oxidation (17.7 %) were the dominant source during the LCD. The increased δ13C values of oxalic acid and other major organic acids along with the high ratios of C2/Gly, C2/mGly, and C2/diacids before and during the LCD confirm an isotopic fractionation effect during the precursor oxidation processes. Furthermore, more positive δ13C values of diacids are observed in the daytime than the nighttime during the LCD, which suggest an enhanced photochemical oxidation in the urban atmosphere during this period.
Research on the unusual spring 2020 Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion above Ny-Ålesund, Norway
Authors: Li Qidi , Luo Yuhan , Qian Yuanyuan , Pan Chen , Dou Ke , Hou Xuewei , Si Fuqi , Liu Wenqing
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Of the severe stratospheric ozone depletion events (ODEs) reported over the Arctic, the third and most severe occurred during the spring of 2020; we analyzed the reasons for this event herein. We retrieved the critical indicator ozone vertical column density (VCD) using zenith scattered light differential optical absorption spectroscopy (ZSL-DOAS) located in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway. The average ozone VCDs over Ny-Ålesund between March 18 and April 18, 2020, were approximately 274.8 Dobson units (DU), which was only about 64.7 % of that in normal years. The retrieved daily averages of ozone VCDs were compared with satellite observations from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME-2), a Brewer spectrophotometer, and a Système d’Analyze par Observation Zénithale (SAOZ) spectrometer at Ny-Ålesund; the resulting Pearson correlation coefficients were relatively high at 0.94, 0.86, and 0.91, with relative deviations of 2.3 %, 3.1 %, and 3.5 %, respectively. Compared with normal years, the 2020 daily peak relative ozone loss was approximately 44.3 %. During the 2020 Arctic spring ODE, the ozone VCDs and potential vorticity (PV) had a negative correlation with their fluctuations, suggesting a clear effect of the polar vortex on stratospheric ozone depletion. To better understand what caused the ozone depletion, we also considered the chemical components of this process in the Arctic winter of 2019/2020 with the specified dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM). The SD-WACCM model results indicated that both ClO and BrO concentrations peaked in late March, which was a critical factor during the ozone depletion observed in Ny-Ålesund. Chlorine activation was clearly apparent during the Arctic spring of 2020, whereas the partitioning of bromine species was different from that of chlorine. By combining observations with modeling, we provide a reliable basis for further research on global climate change due to polar ozone concentrations and the prediction of severe Arctic ozone depletion in the future.
Temporal and spatial variations in atmospheric unintentional PCB emissions in Chinese mainland from 1960 to 2019
Authors: Li Ye , Huang Ye , Zhang Yunshan , Du Wei , Zhang Shanshan , He Tianhao , Li Yan , Chen Yan , Ding Fangfang , Huang Lin , Xia Haibin , Meng Wenjun , Liu Min , Tao Shu
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are nowadays mainly unintentionally produced, since their use and manufacture has been banned. PCBs, especially those dioxin-like compounds, have been proven harmful to ecosystems and human health. Detailed information about the
spatiotemporally distribution of unintentionally produced PCBs (UP-PCBs) is
crucial for understanding the environmental fate and associated health
risks. However, research estimating UP-PCBs emission in China is
limited. In this study, a source-specific and year-varying emission factor (EF) dataset was used to compile provincial emissions of 12 dioxin-like UP-PCBs congeners for 66 sources in the Chinese mainland from 1960 to 2019. In addition to that, emissions for 2019 were allocated into 0.1∘×0.1∘ grids. The results indicated that historical national
UP-PCBs emission represented an increasing trend until around 1995 and then
showed an overall decreasing trend from 1995 to 2019. Cement production was
the largest UP-PCBs emission source in the Chinese mainland. Geographically,
East and North China contributed the largest UP-PCBs emission across the Chinese
mainland. High emission densities occurred mainly in the densely
populated and well-developed regions such as Yangtze River Delta Urban
Agglomeration and Pearl River Delta. Furthermore, highly positive
correlations of emission densities with population and GDP densities were
identified.
Measurement report: Intensive biomass burning emissions and rapid nitrate formation drive severe haze formation in the Sichuan Basin, China – insights from aerosol mass spectrometry
Authors: Bao Zhier , Zhang Xinyi , Li Qing , Zhou Jiawei , Shi Guangming , Zhou Li , Yang Fumo , Xie Shaodong , Zhang Dan , Zhai Chongzhi , Li Zhenliang , Peng Chao , Chen Yang
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Haze pollution is a severe environmental problem, caused by elevation of
fine particles (aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm, PM2.5),
which is related to secondary aerosol formation, unfavourable synoptic
conditions and regional transport, etc. The regional haze formation in basin
areas, along with intensive emission of precursors, high relative humidity
and poor dispersion conditions, is still limitedly understood. In this study,
a field campaign was conducted to investigate the factors resulting in haze
formation in the Sichuan Basin (SCB) during winter in 2021. The fine aerosol
chemical composition was characterised using a time-of-flight aerosol
chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM), which also provided detailed
information on the sources for organic aerosols (OAs). The average
concentration of non-refractory fine particles (NR-PM2.5) was 98.5±38.7 µg m−3, and organics aerosols, nitrate, sulfate,
ammonium and chloride took up 40.3 %, 28.8 %, 10.6 %, 15.3 % and 5.1 % of
PM2.5. Three factors, including a hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), a biomass
burning OA (BBOA) and an oxygenated OA (OOA), were identified by applying
the positive matrix factorisation (PMF) analysis, and they constituted 24.2 %,
24.2 % and 51.6 % of OA on average, respectively. Nitrate formation was
promoted by gas-phase and aqueous-phase oxidation, while sulfate was mainly
formed through aqueous-phase process. OOA showed strong dependence on Ox,
demonstrating the contribution of photooxidation to OOA formation. OOA
concentration increased as aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) increased
within 200 µg m−3 and kept relatively constant when ALWC
>200 µg m−3, suggesting the insignificant effect of
aqueous-phase reactions on OOA formation. Among the three haze episodes
identified during the whole campaign, the driving factors were different:
the first haze episode (H1) was driven by nitrate formation through
photochemical and aqueous-phase reactions, and the second haze episode (H2)
was mainly driven by the intense emission of primary organic aerosols from
biomass burning and vehicle exhaust, while the third haze episode (H3) was
mainly driven by reactions involving nitrate formation and biomass burning
emission. HOA and BBOA were scavenged, while OOA, nitrate and sulfate
formation was enhanced by aqueous-phase reactions during fog periods, which
resulted in the increase of O:C from pre-fog to post-fog periods. This study
revealed the factors driving severe haze formation in the SCB and implied the
benefit of controlling nitrate as well as intense biomass burning and
vehicle exhaust emission for the mitigation of heavy aerosol pollution in
this region.
Sensitivity of Heinrich-type ice-sheet surge characteristics to boundary forcing perturbations
Authors: Schannwell Clemens , Mikolajewicz Uwe , Ziemen Florian , Kapsch Marie-Luise
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Heinrich-type ice-sheet surges are one of the prominent signals of glacial
climate variability. They are characterised as abrupt, quasi-periodic episodes
of ice-sheet instabilities during which large numbers of icebergs are released from
the Laurentide ice sheet. The mechanisms controlling the timing and occurrence
of Heinrich-type ice-sheet surges remain poorly constrained to this day. Here,
we use a coupled ice sheet–solid Earth model to identify and quantify the
importance of boundary forcing for the surge cycle length of Heinrich-type
ice-sheet surges for two prominent ice streams of the Laurentide ice sheet – the
land-terminating Mackenzie ice stream and the marine-terminating Hudson ice
stream. Both ice streams show responses of similar magnitude to surface mass
balance and geothermal heat flux perturbations, but Mackenzie ice stream is more sensitive to
ice surface temperature perturbations, a fact likely caused by the warmer
climate in this region. Ocean and sea-level forcing as well as different frequencies of the same
forcing have a negligible effect on the surge cycle length. The simulations also
highlight the fact that only a certain parameter space exists under which ice-sheet
oscillations can be maintained. Transitioning from an oscillatory state to a
persistent ice streaming state can result in an ice volume loss of up to 30 %
for the respective ice stream drainage basin under otherwise constant climate
conditions. We show that Mackenzie ice stream is susceptible to undergoing such
a transition in response to all tested positive climate perturbations. This
underlines the potential of the Mackenzie region to have contributed to
prominent abrupt climate change events of the last deglaciation.
NDACC FTIR trace gas measurements at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory from 2002 to 2020
Authors: Yamanouchi Shoma , Conway Stephanie , Strong Kimberly , Colebatch Orfeo , Lutsch Erik , Roche Sebastien , Taylor Jeffrey , Whaley Cynthia H. , Wiacek Aldona
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Nineteen years of atmospheric composition measurements made at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory (TAO, 43.66° N, 79.40° W, 174 m.a.s.l.) are presented. These are retrieved from Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) solar absorption spectra recorded with an ABB Bomem DA8 spectrometer from May 2002 to December 2020. The retrievals have been optimized for fourteen species: O3, HCl, HF, HNO3, CH4, C2H6, CO, HCN, N2O, C2H2, H2CO, CH3OH, HCOOH and NH3 using the SFIT4 algorithm. The measurements have been archived in the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) data repository in Hierarchical Data Format version 4 (HDF4) files following the Generic Earth Observation Metadata Standard (GEOMS) and are also publicly available on Borealis, the Canadian Dataverse Repository. In this paper, we describe the instrumentation, the retrieval strategy, the vertical sensitivity of the retrievals, the quality assurance process, and error analysis of the TAO FTIR measurements, and present the current version of the time series.
On the use of packing models for the prediction of fluvial sediment porosity
Authors: Rettinger Christoph , Tabesh Mina , Rüde Ulrich , Vollmer Stefan , Frings Roy M.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Obtaining accurate porosity information of fluvial sediment deposits is helpful and desirable for many tasks of river engineers. Besides direct measurements of single samples and empirical formulas specialized for specific cases, packing models promise efficient predictions due to their theoretical and extensible foundation. The objective of this work is thus to investigate the usability of three such models in order to obtain a suitable porosity prediction method for the challenging case of fluvial sediment packings. There, the complexity originates from wide continuous size distributions, from silt to gravel, and different grain shapes. We use data obtained from extensive numerical packing simulations to determine the required model parameters and to verify the models' accuracy for moderate size ratios. This study reveals systematic deficits in one of the models which can be attributed to the absence of a built-in mixture packing model. By combining these findings with data from laboratory measurements and extending the model to include cohesive effects, we exemplify for the Rhine River in Germany that reasonable porosity predictions can be obtained with the Compressible Packing Model. Through an additional comparison with data from French rivers, guidelines for a successful prediction in cases with limited prior knowledge of the model parameters are developed. Future model enhancements, of the packing models directly as well as by incorporating more effects that are known to influence porosity, are expected to improve the predictive performance.
URANOS v1.0 – the Ultra Rapid Adaptable Neutron-Only Simulation for Environmental Research
Authors: Köhli Markus , Schrön Martin , Zacharias Steffen , Schmidt Ulrich
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The understanding of neutron transport by Monte Carlo simulations led to major advancements towards precise interpretation of measurements. URANOS (Ultra Rapid Neutron-Only Simulation) is a free software package which has been developed in the last few years in cooperation with particle physics and environmental sciences, specifically for the purposes of cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS). Its versatile user interface and input/output scheme tailored for CRNS applications offers hydrologists straightforward access to model individual scenarios and to directly perform advanced neutron transport calculations. The geometry can be modeled layer-wise, whereas in each layer a voxel geometry is extruded using a two-dimensional map from pixel images representing predefined materials and allowing for the construction of objects on the basis of pixel graphics without a three-dimensional editor. It furthermore features predefined cosmic-ray neutron spectra and detector configurations and also allows for a replication of important site characteristics of study areas – from a small pond to the catchment scale. The simulation thereby gives precise answers to questions like from which location do neutrons originate? How do they propagate to the sensor? What is the neutron's response to certain environmental changes? In recent years, URANOS has been successfully employed by a number of studies, for example, to calculate the cosmic-ray neutron footprint, signals in complex geometries like mobile applications on roads, urban environments and snow patterns.
A parallel implementation of the confined-unconfined aquifer system model for subglacial hydrology: design, verification, and performance analysis (CUAS-MPI v0.1.0)
Authors: Fischler Yannic , Kleiner Thomas , Bischof Christian , Schmiedel Jeremie , Sayag Roiy , Emunds Raban , Oestreich Lennart Frederik , Humbert Angelika
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The subglacial hydrological system affects the motion of ice sheets, the ocean circulation by freshwater discharge, as well as marginal lakes and rivers. For modelling this system a porous medium model has been developed, representing a confined-unconfined aquifer system (CUAS) with evolving transmissivity. To allow for realistic simulations, we developed CUAS-MPI, an MPI-parallel C/C++ implementation, which employs the PETSc infrastructure for handling grids and equation systems. We describe the CUAS model and our software design and validate the numerical result of a pumping test using5 analytical solutions. We then investigate the scaling behavior of CUAS-MPI and show, that CUAS-MPI scales up to 3840 MPI processes running a realistic Greenland setup. Our measurements show that CUAS-MPI reaches a throughput comparable to the throughput of ice sheet simulations, e.g. the Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model (ISSM). Lastly, we discuss opportunities for ice-sheet modelling, future coupling possibilities of CUAS-MPI with other simulations, and consider throughput bottlenecks and limits of further scaling.
Anatomy of a high-silica eruption as observed by a local seismic network: the June 2011 Puyehue–Cordón Caulle event (southern Andes, Chile)
Authors: Basualto Daniel , Tassara Andrés , Lazo-Gil Jonathan , Franco-Marin Luis , Cardona Carlos , San Martín Juan , Gil-Cruz Fernando , Calabi-Floddy Marcela , Farías Cristian
Published: January 2023

Abstract. High-silica explosive eruptions are one of the most
dangerous natural phenomena, yet it is unclear which processes are involved
in this infrequent kind of event. We present the first systematic
characterization of near-field seismicity associated with a large high-silica
eruption analyzing data recorded before, during and after the 4 June 2011 rhyolitic eruption of Puyehue–Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex
(PCCVC). Results of a first-level data processing, developed by the Southern
Andean Volcano Observatory (OVDAS) to monitor unrest and the evolution of
the eruption, are complemented here with the relocation of hypocenters into
a local 1D velocity model, the time series of the b value and the computation of the focal
mechanism. This information allows us to define several phases before and
after the onset of the eruption, describing details of the space–time
evolution of seismicity, defining and characterizing the seismic sources, and
identifying the structural control of the magmatic intrusion and stress
variations during the eruption. Our results illuminate several underlying
processes, with emphasis on the possible role that basement structures had
on the storage, transport and evacuation of magma. Integrating our results
with previous findings based on satellite geodesy and petrology of erupted
materials, we discuss general conceptual models regarding destabilization of
structurally controlled acidic magmatic systems, the pass from unrest to
eruption, and changes in eruptive style and waning phases of eruptions, with
broader implications for monitoring and forecast of violent silicic
eruptions.
The control of short-term ice mélange weakening episodes on calving activity at major Greenland outlet glaciers
Authors: Wehrlé Adrien , Lüthi Martin P. , Vieli Andreas
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The dense mixture of iceberg of various sizes and sea ice observed
in many of Greenland's fjords, called ice mélange (sikussak in
Greenlandic), has been shown to have a significant impact on the
dynamics of several Greenland tidewater glaciers, mainly through the
seasonal support it provides to the glacier terminus in
winter. However, a clear understanding of shorter-term ice mélange
dynamics is still lacking, mainly due to the high complexity and
variability of the processes at play at the ice–ocean boundary. In
this study, we use a combination of Sentinel-1 radar and Sentinel-2
optical satellite imagery to investigate in detail intra-seasonal
ice mélange dynamics and its link to calving activity at three major
outlet glaciers: Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier, Helheim Glacier and Sermeq
Kujalleq in Kangia (Jakobshavn Isbræ). In those fjords, we
identified recurrent ice mélange weakening (IMW) episodes consisting
of the up-fjord propagation of a discontinuity between jam-packed
and weaker ice mélange towards the glacier terminus. At a late
stage, i.e., when the IMW front approaches the glacier terminus,
these episodes were often correlated with the occurrence of
large-scale calving events. The IMW process is particularly visible at the front of Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier and presents a
cyclic behavior, such that we further analyzed IMW dynamics during
the June–November period from 2018 to 2021 at this
location. Throughout this period, we detected 30 IMW episodes with a
recurrence time of 24 d, propagating over a median distance of
5.9 km and for 17 d, resulting in a median propagation speed of
400 m d−1. We found that 87 % of the IMW episodes occurred prior to a
calving event visible in spaceborne observations and that ∼75 %
of all detected calving events were preceded by an IMW
episode. These results therefore present the IMW process as a clear
control on the calving activity of Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier. Finally,
using a simple numerical model for ice mélange motion, we showed
that a slightly biased random motion of ice floes without
fluctuating external forcing can reproduce IMW events and their
cyclic influence and explain observed propagation speeds. These
results further support our observations in characterizing the IMW
process as self-sustained through the existence of an IMW–calving
feedback. This study therefore highlights the importance of
short-term ice mélange dynamics in the longer-term evolution of
Greenland outlet glaciers.
Nonlinear Inviscid Aerodynamic Effects of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Motion
Authors: Ribeiro Andre F. P. , Casalino Damiano , Ferreira Carlos S.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. We investigate the aerodynamics of a surging, heaving, and yawing wind turbine with numerical simulations based on a free wake panel method. We focus on the UNAFLOW case: a surging wind turbine which was modelled experimentally and with various numerical methods. Good agreement with experimental data is observed for amplitude and phase of the thrust with surge motion. We achieve numerical results of a wind turbine wake that accurately reproduce experimentally verified effects of surging motion. We then extend our simulations beyond the frequency range of the UNAFLOW experiments and reach results that do not follow a quasi-steady response for surge. Finally, simulations are done with the turbine in yaw and heave motion and the impact of the wake motion on the blade thrust is examined. Our work seeks to contribute a different method to the pool of results for the UNAFLOW case, while extending the analysis to conditions that have not been simulated before.
Identifying the Optimal Arm Priming Exercise Intensity to Improve Maximal Leg Sprint Cycling Performance
Authors: Matsumoto Tatsuya , Tomita Yosuke , Irisawa Koichi
Published: January 2023

Priming exercises improve subsequent motor performance; however, their effectiveness may depend on the workload and involved body areas. The present study aimed to estimate the effects of leg and arm priming exercises performed at different intensities on maximal sprint cycling performance. Fourteen competitive male speed-skaters visited a lab eight times, where they underwent a body composition measurement, two V̇O2max measurements (leg and arm ergometers), and five sprint cycling sessions after different priming exercise conditions. The five priming exercise conditions included 10-minute rest (Control); 10-minute arm ergometer exercise at 20% V̇O2max (Arm 20%); 10-minute arm ergometer exercise at 70% V̇O2max (Arm 70%); 1-min maximal arm ergometer exercise at 140% V̇O2max (Arm 140%); and 10-min leg ergometer exercise at 70% V̇O2max (Leg 70%). Power outputs of 60-s maximal sprint cycling, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, muscle and skin surface temperature, and rating of perceived exertion were compared between the priming conditions at different measurement points. Our results showed that the Leg 70% was the optimal priming exercise among our experimental conditions. Priming exercise with the Arm 70% also tended to improve subsequent motor performance, while Arm 20% and Arm 140% did not. Mild elevation in blood lactate concentration by arm priming exercise may improve the performance of high-intensity exercise.
MALE BREAST CANCER TREATMENT: A CLINICAL CASE*
Authors: Kaidarova D. , Abdrakhmanova A. , Dmitrenko M. , Baizhigitov A. , Chichua N. , Smagulova K. , Abdrakhmanov R. , Kaldarbekov S.
Published: January 2023

Relevance: Male breast cancer (BC) has always been behind female BC in detection, treatment, and surveillance. Lower BC frequency in men
limits the usefulness of screening. However, BC incidence in men is growing.
This paper demonstrates the results of surgical treatment and typical changes in clinical and morphological manifestations of male breast
cancer under chemotherapy and surgery.
Methods: The article describes a clinical case of a male patient diagnosed with “Cancer in the right breast St III (T4NxM0), edematousinfiltrative form with an intraductal component, upper outer localization. Immunohistochemically luminal subtype B without Her2neu expression”;
the condition – after six neoadjuvant chemotherapy courses.
Results: Ultrasonography of the mammary glands conducted after six preoperative courses of chemotherapy showed a hypoechoic formation,
centralized, with fuzzy, uneven contours, 52.5×48.2×46.1 mm in size, V=60.98 cm3
. Compared to March 2022 (the presence of a formation in
the right breast craniolateral quadrant, with precise uneven contours, 9.0 cm in size, with infiltrating growth), the tumor formation decreased to
US BI-RADS R6, L2. The multidisciplinary council prescribed surgery to the extent of radical mastectomy by Madden on the right and simple
mastectomy on the left. The surgery was performed in August 2022. According to a postoperative histological conclusion, the therapeutic pathomorphism was index RCB-2.233, class RCB-II.
Conclusion: This article shares the results of systemic and surgical treatment of a man with breast cancer. Considering the clinical picture and
anamnesis, literature data, and the clinical protocol, the multidisciplinary group recommended radiation therapy with adjuvant endocrine therapy
with tamoxifen for an initial period of five years.
Развитие дорожной сети республиканского значения Курской области в годы IV пятилетки (1946–1950 гг.)
Authors: Иваненко Ярослав Игоревич
Published: January 2023

В статье анализируются результаты деятельности дорожного отдела Курского областного Исполнительного комитета Совета депутатов трудящихся и подчиненных ему органов по развитию дорожной сети республиканского значения в 1946–1950 гг. В качестве источников исследования выступили ранее не опубликованные документы, которые хранятся в фондах Государственного архива Российской Федерации, Государственных архивов Курской и Белгородской областей. Изучение данных архивных документов позволило установить протяженность, маршруты и характеристику дорожного полотна автомобильных дорог республиканского значения, проходящих по территории Курской области, а также выявить объемы работ, проделанных на них дорожниками в рассматриваемый период. На основании изучения годовых отчетов курского областного дорожного отдела за 1946–1950 гг. автор приходит к выводу о том, что деятельность органов государственной власти региона по развитию путей сообщения республиканского значения была весьма неоднородна в различные годы IV пятилетки. Однако проделанные работы в конечном счете позволили качественно улучшить состояние дорожного хозяйства на некоторых важных участках обслуживаемых трасс. Кроме того, осуществление ряда мероприятий организационного характера стало для курских дорожников залогом проведения будущих дорожных работ.
Monetary Compensation in Pollution Litigation in Nigeria: How Adequate?
Authors: C.O. Okwelum
Published: January 2023

Since the discovery of oil in the Niger Delta of Nigeria, there has been a steady increase in conflict between the communities hosting the multinational oil companies and the host communities. The conflicts have found expression in court disputes over the years. The dominant claims in these disputes are usually monetary compensation. The question has continued to arise as to whether there are consistent legal frameworks to guide the disputants in the process of getting compensated for oil spillages and other collateral damages that result from the exploratory activities of these multinational oil companies. Looking at the procedural laws, who and which is more favoured: the company or the victim? This paper which adopts the doctrinal method surveys the problem of monetary compensation in litigation involving victims of oil company operations and the companies. It was found that although there are skeletal procedural principles currently in force in the area, a well-developed statutory procedure governing the space has not been enacted leaving the victims largely short-changed and the companies given leeway to escape from the direct consequences of their actions on the socio-ecological structure of the Niger-Delta. A ‘new’ law in the area is therefore advocated.
Sociálne zabezpečenie profesionálnych vojakov Slovenskej republiky – vymedzenie a prehľad poskytnutých dávok sociálneho zabezpečenia v rokoch 2019 - 2021republiky – vymedzenie a prehľad poskytnutých dávok sociálneho zabezpečenia v rokoch 2019 - 2021
Authors:   Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika, Šimonová Michaela
Published: January 2023

Society must develop such activities and measures that should lead to the development of a person, his life and to make him feel safe. People clearly perceive the quality of their life also through social security. The social security of professional soldiers is regilated by a separate legal regulation, which should be able to respond to the specificity of the profession performed.
Balanced Transportation Problems with an Alternative Methodology for the Allocation Table Method
Authors: Baloch Nabeela , Shaikh Asif Ali , Shaikh Wajid Ali , Qureshi Sania
Published: January 2023

This research proposes an alternative approach to the allocation table method (AATM) to identify initial basic-feasible solutions (IBFS) for the balanced transportation problems (BTP). The proposed AATM has fewer steps and produces faster results than the ATM. Furthermore, the efficiency of the proposed technique has been examined by performing a variety of cost-minimizing transportation problems (TP). Therefore, it has been found that the proposed method estimates the optimal result as an efficient computed tool in comparison to conventional NWCM, LCM, VAM, and ATM methods.
On the key-exchange protocol using real quadratic fields
Authors:   Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco, Azizi Abdelmalek , Benamara Jamal ,   Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco, Ismaili Moulay Chrif ,   Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
Published: January 2023

To prevent an exhaustive key-search attack of the key-exchange protocol using real quadratic fields, we need to ensure that the number l of reduced principal ideals in K is sufficiently large. In this paper we present an example of a family which are not valid for this protocol.
The total edge Steiner number of a graph
Authors:   ", John J. ,   Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, India "
Published: January 2023

A total edge Steiner set of G is an edge Steiner set W such that the subgraph  induced by has no isolated vertex. The minimum cardinality of a total edge Steiner set of G is the total edge Steiner number of G and is denoted by ste(G). Some general properties satisfied by this concept are studied. The total edge Steiner numbers of certain classes of graphs is studied. Connected graphs of order p with total edge Steiner number 2 or 3 are characterized. Necessary conditions for total edge Steiner number to be p or p − 1 is given. It is shown that for every pair a and b of integers with 2 ≤ a < b and b > a+ 1, there exists a connected graph G such that se(G) = a and ste(G) = b. Also it shown that for every pair a and b of integers with 4 ≤ a < b and b > a + 1, there exists a connected graph G such that st(G) = a and ste(G) = b.
A variational approach for nonlocal problems with variable exponent and nonhomogeneous Neumann conditions
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil, De Araujo Anderson L. A. , Heidarkhani Shapour ,   Razi University, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran, Afrouzi Ghasem A. ,   "University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran ", Moradi Shahin ,   University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
Published: January 2023

We study the existence of at least one weak solution for p(x)-Kirchhoff-type problems of nonhomogeneous Neumann conditions. Our technical approach is based on variational methods. Some examples are presented to demonstrate the application of our main results.
High-gain adaptive boundary stabilization for an axially moving string subject to unbounded boundary disturbance
Authors:   Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of El-Oued, Algeria, Tikialine Belgacem , Tedjani Hadj Ammar ,   Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of El-Oued, Algeria, Kelleche Abdelkarim ,   Faculté des Sciences et de la Technologie, Université Djilali Bouâama, Algeria
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we are interested to stabilize an axially moving string subject to external disturbances. We assume that the disturbance may increases exponentially. We employ the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) approach to estimate the disturbance. We design a disturbance observer that has time-varying gain so that the disturbance can be estimated with an exponential way. In order to stabilize the closed loop system, we use a control constructed through a high-gain adaptive velocity feedback. The existence and uniqueness of solution of the closed loop system is dealt with in the framework of the nonlinear semigroup theory by using a theorem due to Crandall-Liggett. It is shown that the formulated control is capable of stabilizing exponentially the closed loop system. The obtained results are also valid for the immobile case ($v=0$) and the present work improves certain previous results.
Characterization of wavelets associated with $AB$-MRA on $L^2(\mathbb R^n)$
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology,  Hazratbal, , Srinagar-190 006 Jammu and Kashmir, India, Ahmad Owais , Bhat M. Younus ,   Department of Mathematical Sciences, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Pulwama-192122, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Sheikh Neyaz A. ,   Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology,  Hazratbal, , Srinagar-190 006 Jammu and Kashmir, India
Published: January 2023

A wavelet with composite dilations is a function generating an orthonormal basis or a Parseval frame for $L^2(\mathbb R^n)$ under the action of lattice translations and dilations by products of elements drawn from non-commuting matrix sets $A$ and $B$. Typically, the members of $B$ are matrices whose eigenvalues have magnitude one, while the members of $A$ are matrices expanding on a proper subspace of $\mathbb R^n$. In this paper, we provide the characterization of composite wavelets based on results of affine and quasi affine frames. Furthermore all the composite wavelets associated with $AB$-MRA on $L^2(\mathbb R^n)$ are also characterized.
Analysis of fractional Fokker-Planck equation with Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio derivatives
Authors:   University of Kocaeli, Izmit, Turkey, Cetinkaya Suleyman , Demir Ali ,   University of Kocaeli, Izmit, Turkey, Baleanu Dumitru ,   University of Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
Published: January 2023

This research focus on the determination of the numerical solution for the mathematical model of Fokker-Planck equations utilizing a new method, in which Sumudu transformation and homotopy analysis method (SHAM) are used together. By SHAM analytical series solution of any mathematical model including fractional derivative can be obtained. By this method, we constructed the solution of fractional Fokker-Planck equations in Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio senses. The results show that this method is advantageous and applicable to form the series resolution of the fractional mathematical models.
Characterizations of some fractional-order operators in complex domains and their extensive implications to certain analytic functions
Authors:   Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey, Irmak Hüseyin
Published: January 2023

The aim of this research note is firstly to introduce certain fundamental information in relation with various operators of fractional-order calculus in the complex plane, then create some comprehensive results associating with certain analytic functions as implications of those operators, and also present numerous conclusions and recommendations for the related researchers.
A Linguistic Study of Village Names in Ngara District, Kagera Region, Tanzania
Authors: Elias Tarasis Nahayo , Mpobela Lea , Tibategeza Eustard R.
Published: January 2023

This paper examines the linguistic features of village names in Ngara district in Kagera region -Tanzania.Itspecifically discusses the meanings, and the morphological and phonological features of Ngara village names. The natives speak two related Bantu languages, namely Kishubi and Kihangaza.The study focuses on village names since they are part of the historical, cultural and linguistic heritage of the given society. Additionally, place names have meaning as argued by several scholars (Anindo, 2016; Buberwa, 2012; Kihara, 2020; Wanjiru-mwita & Giraut, 2020) that nearly all African place names have meanings. Despite having meanings, place names differ in the way they are formed in each society hence, language specific. This uniqueness raised the need to investigate Ngara village names to see what they mean and how they are formed. This is a qualitative paper which employs two theories namely, Frame theory by Fillmore (1985) to define concepts that guided the retrieval of meanings of village namesand Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology theory pioneered by Beard (1995) which assisted on observation and identification of structural patterns of Ngara village names. The paper employed descriptive research design with the data collected from eight informants. The informants were involved in semi- structured interview, questionnaire and focus group discussions. The findings reveal that all village names in Ngara district have meanings derived from various phenomena such as geographical features, flora and fauna, social services or behaviours, calamities, agricultural activities, boundaries, economic activities and famous people. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the formation of Ngara village names involves both the morphological (affixation, compounding and reduplication) and phonological (deletion, hardening and devoicing) processes.