bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of outgassing characteristics of microchannel plate glass
Authors: Yao Ze , Pang Yan , Yuan Yuan , Hu Wenbo , Bu Renan , Fan Huiqing
Published: July 2021

Outgassing of internal materials is one of the main factors that cause vacuum deterioration of low-light-level image intensifiers and shorten their lifetime (especially storage lifetime). To perceive the attenuation mechanism of the vacuum degree of image intensifiers from the microscopic view, the outgassing characteristics of lead silicate glass used for the fabrication of microchannel plates (MCPs), which are the core components of image intensifiers, were numerically simulated by giant canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics methods. A glass structure model of the third-generation MCPs was constructed, and the diffusion coefficients and molecular motion trajectories of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor, oxygen, and methane gases, together with their outgassing rates and cumulative outgassing amounts, were calculated based on the condensed-phase optimized molecular potentials for atomistic simulation studies force field. The calculation results show that the rising temperature of MCP glass augments the diffusion coefficients of these gases, which makes the outgassing rates increase in the initial stage but then decrease relatively quickly. Among these six kinds of gas molecules, hydrogen molecules have the largest skip distance and the highest diffusion coefficient because MCP glass can supply more effective diffusion paths for the gas molecules with a relatively small size. When an MCP glass lies in vacuum, first, the cumulative outgassing amounts of various gases from it increase rapidly and then gradually reach stable values, and the cumulative outgassing amount of hydrogen tends to reach a stable value faster than that of other gases due to its highest diffusion coefficient.
Toward nearshore, bathymetry induced wave amplification in False Bay, South Africa
Authors: Salonen Nicholas , Rautenbach Christo
Published: July 2021

A seamount called Rocky Bank (RB) has been suspected to spatially focus wave energy toward the eastern periphery of False Bay, South Africa, where it is not uncommon for fishermen to get washed off by waves. Situated at the bay’s mouth, the submerged seamount acts like a refracting lens for incoming long-crested swell. The present study aims at understanding the wave transformation effects of RB and the nearshore bathymetry using the phase-averaging spectral wave model simulating waves in the nearshore. Open ocean conditions around the Cape Peninsula, derived from National Center for Environmental Prediction reanalysis products, were used as model boundary conditions. To establish RB’s influence, a bathymetry without RB was created. The model output indicated that coastal significant wave heights were 9% greater when RB was removed. This difference was largest for smaller incident significant wave height and increasing incident peak period. RB also causes wave convergence via refraction and presents evidence for spatial focusing, a coincidental interference, extreme wave generating mechanism. This result, together with recorded incidents and anecdotal evidence, suggests that the wave transformation effects of RB may be leading to extreme waves along the eastern periphery. Evidence for spatial focusing toward the eastern periphery occurred for peak wave directions between 210° and 245° true north and for peak periods greater than 13 s. The likelihood of a wave leading to an incident is greater in smaller, long-crested seas based on the recent literature for the region. To extend this study to predict rogue wave events within False Bay, a phase-resolving model would be required.
RIPK1 activates distinct gasdermins in macrophages and neutrophils upon pathogen blockade of innate immune signaling
Authors: Chen Kaiwen W. , Demarco Benjamin , Ramos Saray , Heilig Rosalie , Goris Michiel , Grayczyk James P. , Assenmacher Charles-Antoine , Radaelli Enrico , Joannas Leonel D. , Henao-Mejia Jorge , Tacchini-Cottier Fabienne , Brodsky Igor E. , Broz Petr
Published: July 2021

Significance

Pathogenic bacteria subvert host-defense mechanisms by injecting effector proteins into target cells to inhibit NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Detection of such effector proteins, such as YopJ from pathogenic
Yersinia
, activates RIPK1 and caspase-8–dependent cell death that promotes antibacterial defense. While recent studies demonstrate that caspase-8 cleaves the pore-forming protein gasdermin D to promote anti-
Yersinia
defense, whether RIPK1 activates other substrates is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that RIPK1 activates gasdermin D in macrophages and the related gasdermin E in neutrophils to promote host defense. Neutralization of IL-1β in vivo promoted host susceptibility to
Yersinia
infection in wild-type, but not
Gsdme
−/−
, animals, revealing an unexpected role for gasdermin E in IL-1β secretion during bacterial infection.
A conserved epitope III on hepatitis C virus E2 protein has alternate conformations facilitating cell binding or virus neutralization
Authors: Deng Lu , Hernandez Nancy , Zhong Lilin , Holcomb David D. , Yan Hailing , Virata Maria Luisa , Tarafdar Sreya , Xu Yanqun , He Yong , Struble Evi , Alter Harvey J. , Zhang Pei
Published: July 2021

Significance

Epitope III, a segment on the E2 glycoprotein of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) which binds to the host receptor CD81, is a key target for antibodies to block HCV entry. By solving the atomic structure of epitope III bound to a site-specific neutralizing antibody, mAb1H8, we showed that the epitope can adopt two distinct conformations by moving the side chains of its amino acids, allowing it to bind with either mAb1H8 or CD81. The coexistence of different conformational states of epitope III suggests its possible role in the regulation of antibody responses. These findings should help to design strategies to control HCV infection by tipping the balance toward epitope III conformations that favor antibody recognition rather than CD81 binding.
Constraints on subject-verb agreement marking in Turkish-German bilingual speakers
Authors: Uygun Serkan , Felser Claudia
Published: July 2021

Turkish 3rd person plural subjects normally appear with verbs that are unmarked for number. Following earlier
findings which indicate that Turkish heritage speakers (HS) accept overt plural marking more readily compared to monolingually
raised Turkish speakers, the present study investigates to what extent bilingual speakers are sensitive to grammatical,
surface-level and semantic constraints on Turkish plural agreement marking. A scalar acceptability judgement task was carried out
with non-bilingual Turkish speakers residing in Turkey and Turkish-German bilinguals residing in Germany. Our experimental design
involved manipulating both subject animacy and subject position. Participants’ judgement patterns confirmed Turkish speakers’
general preference for unmarked verb forms, which was modulated both by subject animacy and by subject position. Significant
differences were observed between lower proficiency HS on the one hand, and monolinguals and advanced proficiency HS on the other,
suggesting that the relatively subtle interplay between different types of constraint on number agreement marking is affected by
heritage language conditions. We found no evidence for simplification or optionality reduction in the lower proficiency HS’
judgements, however. We innovate on previous research by using Gradient Symbolic Computation modelling to capture between-group
differences in the relative weightings of the constraints under investigation.
Effect of Al content on microstructures and properties of Fe1.25CoCrNi1.25Alx high-entropy alloys
Authors: Li Chunyan , Lu Yu , Li Xinling , Zhao Zhenxiang , Kou Sheng-Zhong
Published: July 2021

The effect of Al content on microstructures and properties of Fe1.25CoCrNi1.25Al x ( x = 0.1, 0.25, 0.4) high-entropy alloys was studied. The alloys arecomposed of a single-phase face-centered cubic solid solutionand do not change with the change of Al content. The tensile yield strength of as-cast alloys is below 200 MPa, and the elongation is above 55%. After cold-rolling and annealing, the strength and hardness increase with the increase of Al content. The comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloy with x = 0.25 reach the best. The texture composition of Fe1.25CoCrNi1.25Al0.4 gradually changes from {100} <001> to {110} <101> after cold-rolling and annealing. Trace Al is beneficial to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloys.
Characterising running economy and change of direction economy between soccer players of different playing positions, levels and sex
Authors: Dolci Filippo , Kilding Andrew , Spiteri Tania , Chivers Paola , Piggott Ben , Maiorana Andrew , Hart Nicolas H.
Published: July 2021

Traditional movement economy (ME) measures the energetic cost of in‐line running. However, it is debatable whether such a measure is representative of movement efficiency for team sport athletes who are required to run and change direction repeatedly. This study evaluated ME during both in‐line running and runs with directional changes and provided a preliminary exploration as to whether these abilities discriminate soccer players according to playing position, level, and sex. Forty‐three soccer players were assessed for ME as extrapolated from oxygen uptake during in‐line running (RE) and running with changes of directions (using 20 and 10 m shuttle runs [SRE20 and SRE10]) at 8.4 km/h mean speed. ME worsened with change of direction frequency (p < 0.001). Coefficient of determination was high between RE and SRE20 (r 2 = 0.601) but dropped below 0.5 for RE and SRE10 (r 2 = 0.280) as change of direction frequency increased. No significant differences were observed between different player positions, however, centre midfielders reported the best ME across any position and running mode, with the largest differences observed in centre backs over SRE10 (41.9 ± 2.7 ml/kg/min [centre midfielders] vs 45 ± 1.8 ml/kg/min [centre backs]; ES = 1.19). No significant differences were observed for ME over any running condition for male players of different playing levels. Female players exhibited better ME than male players with significant differences observed for SRE10 (41.5 ± 2.6 ml/kg/min [females] vs 44 ± 2.6 ml/kg/min [males]; p = 0.013; ES = 0.94). RE does not adequately account for efficiency during activities that involve changes of direction. SRE10 is a stronger discriminator of ME between soccer players of different position and sex.
Effects of exercise intensity and duration on a myokine, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine
Authors: Miyamoto Toshiaki , Shimizu Yurika , Matsuo Yuka , Otaru Taiki , Kanzawa Yuto , Miyamae Nao , Yamada Eri , Katsuno Tomoyuki
Published: July 2021

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), an exercise‐induced myokine, has been suggested as a potential endogenous factor that suppresses colon tumorigenesis. However, the effects of different exercise protocols on circulating SPARC levels are unclear. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of both exercise intensity and duration on circulating SPARC levels. This study also examined the relationship between responsiveness of SPARC levels and physical characteristics, including body composition and skeletal muscle function. Nineteen healthy adult men participated in four experimental interventions: two 30‐min exercises at workloads corresponding to 60% (W60) and 40% (W40) peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), a 45‐min session of W40, and a 30‐min session of complete rest. Blood SPARC and lactate concentrations were measured before and after each session. Only W60 significantly increased serum SPARC levels (p < 0.05), and a significant correlation was found between changes in SPARC levels and lactate concentrations (r = 0.411, p < 0.05). The relative changes in SPARC levels during W60 demonstrated significant positive correlations with skeletal muscle mass and knee extensor muscle strength (both p < 0.05). The increase in serum SPARC levels might be mediated by lactate accumulation and might not, hence, be induced during exercise at the intensity of the first ventilatory threshold levels even though the duration is prolonged. Our results provide fundamental insight into exercise prescription of both exercise intensity and duration for SPARC response, leading to a better understanding of the preventive effects of exercise on colon cancer.

Highlight

This study found that the increase in serum secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) levels might be mediated by lactate accumulation and might, hence, be influenced by exercise intensity rather than exercise duration.

An association was found between SPARC response to exercise and skeletal muscle mass.

Our results provide a better understanding of the preventive effects of exercise on colon cancer.
Label-retention expansion microscopy
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Li Qi , Dai Zhipeng , Tran Arthur A. , Feng Siyu , Ramirez Alejandro D. , Lin Zixi , Wang Xiaomeng , Chow Tracy T. , Chen Jiapei , Kumar Dhivya , McColloch Andrew R. , Reiter Jeremy F. , Huang Eric J. , Seiple Ian B. , Huang Bo
Published: July 2021

Expansion microscopy (ExM) increases the effective resolving power of any microscope by expanding the sample with swellable hydrogel. Since its invention, ExM has been successfully applied to a wide range of cell, tissue, and animal samples. Still, fluorescence signal loss during polymerization and digestion limits molecular-scale imaging using ExM. Here, we report the development of label-retention ExM (LR-ExM) with a set of trifunctional anchors that not only prevent signal loss but also enable high-efficiency labeling using SNAP and CLIP tags. We have demonstrated multicolor LR-ExM for a variety of subcellular structures. Combining LR-ExM with superresolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), we have achieved molecular resolution in the visualization of polyhedral lattice of clathrin-coated pits in situ.
Study on Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Banana Pseudostem IMO as Biofertilizer on System of Rice Intensification
Authors: Pratamaningtyas S , Wardhani Tri , Suprihana
Published: July 2021

The two rice farmer groups namely “Asemjajar” and “Makmur” in Wonorejo District-Pasuruan, Indonesia make a banana pseudostem IMO which is used to replace synthetic P fertilizer. This study aimed to: 1. determine if the banana pseudostem IMO contains P elements that can replace synthetic phosphate fertilizers.; 2. Determined whether the banana pseudostem IMO contains phosphate solubilizing bacteria and identified it 3. verified the effect of bacterial inoculant application which was found to the rice growth and production in System of Rice IIntensification. The greenhouse study was a simple experiment using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments i.e. A: ½ dose of manure fertilizer + ½ dose of synthetic fertilizer; B: ½ dose of manure fertilizer + ½ dose of synthetic fertilizer + banana pseudostem IMO; C: ½ dose of manure fertilizer + ½ dose of synthetic fertilizer + bacterial inoculants; D: 1 dose of synthetic fertilizer. The results showed that banana pseudostem IMO contains only 0.025% P2O5. Morphological and biochemical identification results showed that the phosphate solubilizing isolates which were found in banana pseudostem IMO was Serratia marcescens. The greenhouse test results showed that the application of S. marcescens inoculant had a significant effect on the number of tillers at the age of 4-6 weeks after transplanting, increased the weight of 1000 seeds, lowered the empty grains percentage and speeded up the harvest time.
Teacher’s Ability of English in MI Masyhudiyah Giri Kebomas Gresik: The Initial Method and Technology
Authors: Darul Ihsan Mas
Published: July 2021

This research is to know the teacher’s ability of English in MI Masyhudiyah Giri Kebomas Gresik: the initial method and technology. It is a qualitative research, through questionnaire, interview and secondary data, teachers’ lesson plan. The researcher uses the theory from (Corbett, 2003), (Brown, 2000) and (Nurwardani, 2018). The finding and discussion, first, the teacher ability of English to inculcate a native speaker like linguistic competence that the teachers never use English as language competence and communicative competence in the opening of teaching and learning process, the communicative competence and the ability to shows lips-reading skill to be imitated by the students and the ability to control the communication gap in the classroom because they do not able to use English, especially speaking skill in the whole teaching and learning process, and prefer to use Bahasa Indonesia. Second, the teachers’ ability of English there will be an interference of English from the first language that the teachers never use the English ability to communicate with children and make imitation pronunciation, combination pronunciation and fluency in English because they do not have the English ability. Third, the teacher ability of English connected to the technology to answer the society need and method that the teachers often and always use the teaching materials, prepare the lesson plan in the beginning semester and have the punctuality submission on lesson plan. The suggestions are to improve teacher ability of English to inculcate a native speaker like linguistic competence and the interference of English from the first language.
Approachability Evaluation of Virtual Reality Educational Game: The Case of Keepin
Authors: Maharani Putri Siregar Rafiqa , Sudarmilah Endah , Istiadi
Published: July 2021

Educational game technology now in advance phase where virtual reality is adapted into it. But when the educational game is not designed well, it become no point to use the game for education. Educational game not only could be played, but also should be understandable and entertainable at the same time, especially for new player (approachable). This study has purpose to evaluate the approachability of game KEEPIN a virtual reality educational game about waste handling that has been design using Game Approachability Principles, students participated in experiment consist of play the game session, simulation, and questionnaire. Total respondents are 35 students. The evaluation gave result 23 students find the game enjoyable by give positive experiences during empirical usability testing, they also success play the game at first attempt and can achieve the goal of the game. 5 students give negative experiences but success play the game at first attempt and can achieve the goal of the game. 7 students close the game without finished it. It shows that KEEPIN can be understandable oand quite approachable for new player.
Identification Of ECG Signal By Using Backpropagation Neural Network
Authors: Fahira Adriati Sarah , Setiawidayat Sabar , Rofii Faqih
Published: July 2021

The heart rhythm abnormalities can be detected by interpreting the ECG signal. However, there are many ECG pattern to be interpreted. Neural network is an artificial intelligent based technique which can identify pattern and one of the most used learning algorithm is backpropagation. The system is built to help interpretation process of ECG signal in heart rhythm abnormalities diagnosis. The data used in this study are obtained from MIT-BIH database. The data has been pre-processed to be used in the developed identification system of this study. The pre-processing are separating signal into one cycle and equalize the size of the signal by using zero padded technique. In this system, a good feature extraction of the ECG signal is needed to increase the accuracy. Discrete wavelet transform is used as a feature extraction and the level which carrying out is until ten. Each level results are used as an input to the identification system and derive different accuracy value. For this study, the accuracy is set to 80%. The results below 80% considered not eligible. The developed identification system of ECG signal achieves an average 91.3% accuracy using ECG signal’s feature calculated using Discrete Wavelet Transform technique in identifying normal and abnormal heart pulse.
An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Method for Recommending Employee Mutations in a Manufacturing Company
Authors: Solichin Achmad , Hana Saputri Fiqih
Published: July 2021

This research was conducted at Indonesia’s leading rigid plastic and packaging company with a strong market position. At present, the company has expanded and opened branches in 6 countries in the Southeast Asia region. The problem occurred by the company is the opening of a new branch in Vietnam that requires several employees. The company issued a policy to select employees from companies located in Indonesia to meet the needs of employees in Vietnam. This study aims to facilitate the HRD in selecting employees who will be transferred. The total number of employees who meet the initial criteria for mutation are 666 employees. In this study, a recommendation system was developed that applies the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) method. This method is a combination of Fuzzy Logic Method and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Method. The criteria used in this study are employee attendance, duration of work of employees, employee psychology, employee job class, and employee performance. The results of this study indicate that ANFIS modeling with the hybrid algorithm along with the generated bell membership function can produce the best level of accuracy with an average Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.095561. We also developed a decision support system that applies the ANFIS method. Based on the quality testing of the DSS using the Software Quality Assurance (SQA), it obtained a quality value of 82.6%, which is in the range of good grades.
Hardware in the Loop Simulation of Control Optimal of DC Motor Base on Modified Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Hunaini Fachrudin , Ishak Elkana , Rofii Faqih , Setiawidayat Sabar , Istiadi
Published: July 2021

Proportional, Integral, Dervative (PID) controller is a simple and very reliable controller, but to determine the optimal control system parameters on the PID controller (Kp, Ki, and Kd) is not easy. This paper aims to determine the optimal parameters of the PID controller using Modified Quantum Behave Particle Swarm Optimization (MQPSO) to regulate the speed control of a DC motor. MQPSO is a method that has particle search behavior that is more detailed than its predecessor methods, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO). The test is done through Software In the Loop Simulation (SILS) by representing a DC motor in the transfer function, after the optimal control parameters are obtained then applied to the Hardware In the Loop Simulation (HILS) test using the actual DC motor. The test results show that the PID controller that has been optimized using MQPSO results in achieving DC motor response under steady conditions and is faster than the PID controller that is optimized using Ziegler-Nichols (ZN), PSO and QPSO. The completion time obtained by MQPSO is 41.0201 ms, which is also faster than using QPSO 42.8276 ms, PSO 43.7008 ms and ZN 61.8571ms.
Autonomous Groups Particles Swarms Optimisation (AGPSO) to Optimise the Fuzzy Membership Function in the Automatic Watering Plant Case Study
Authors: Nugroho Fresy , Faisal Muhammad , Hunaini Fachrudin
Published: July 2021

There is still a challenge for efficient watering, considering the exact time and exact watering intervals are unknown. The advances in fuzzy technology and microcontroller technology offer valuable solutions. By using this technology, automatic watering plant based on Humidity and Temperature sensor. However, the application of fuzzy technology requires the optimal determination of membership function. The optimal membership function previously developed using the genetic algorithm. Since the genetic algorithm is time-consuming, many researchers develop optimal membership function using Particles Swarm Optimisation. The modified Particles Swarm Optimisation provides a better solution. Eventually, Autonomous Groups Particles Swarm Optimisation invention offers an optimal solution to search for several mathematical problems. The basic concept of Autonomous Groups Particles Swarm Optimisation algorithm influenced by individuals dissimilarity in bugs swarming or bird flocking. In typical colonies, each insect or bird is not similar in terms of perception and capability, but they all do their commitment as members of the colonies. The Autonomous Groups Particles Swarm Optimisation algorithm discovery has tested for 23 mathematical test functions, but not to the real world. Therefore, the possibility of searching for optimal solutions needs to implement to the real world. In this study, the optimisation applies to fuzzy membership function, so that the automatic plant watering can be more optimal and efficient. Preliminary studies show that optimisation using AGPSO for Gaussian membership function provide a positive result.
Modeling financial statements for small and medium businesses in Worm-Made Fertilizer Using Finite State Automata (FSA)
Authors: Yuniar Rahman Aviv , Wanditya Setiawan Feddy , Lia Hananto April , Setyawan Bagus
Published: July 2021

Malang Raya is currently a city that has very rapid economic development. In its development, it began with several small businesses. It is various businesses in Malang such as the culinary, home industry, to livestock business. Currently, one example of a rapidly increasing business is small and medium-sized businesses. Small and medium businesses aim to attract the attention of customers in buying. In this business, there must be financial reports as support in processing business financial data. With this, a State Automata (FSA) finite is needed. Finite State Automata is a concept model that shows the design of an application. With the concept of Finite State Automata, it will introduce a pattern that is in the cash application system. In this test, it will make 3 designs to do the test results. In the three test results it is known that for the first test, it is explained that in the processing process that is carried out 5 times, there is an error in processing 3 times, and in the second test process that is done 5 times, there is an error in processing as much as 1 time. In the third test, this is the result of developing the first and second designs. From the results, it is known that in processing data 5 times, there are no errors in calculations. To test the speed in processing data is appropriate and significant enough to be used as a cash management application for a business.
The Influence Of Production Factors On Productivity In Batik SME’s In Malang Raya
Authors: Fatma Putri Chauliah , Agus Sahbana Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Productivity is one of the benchmarks to find out the number of products or services produced by a business with various inputs used. Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s) Batik in Malang Raya is relatively new, developing compared to the centers of Indonesian batik, especially in Central Java. In Small and Medium Enterprises specifically batik that is needed traditionally as a result of local wisdom in Malang Raya, it is necessary to review the factors of production that increase productivity. By knowing these decisive factors, it is expected to provide input especially to SME managers to be able to increase the factors that still need to be driven in order to increase productivity. By using the Multiple Linear Regression method, the influence of 9 factors of production, namely human resources, raw materials, machinery, methods, capital, markets, technology, time, and information, is sought for productivity factors. As a result, 7 production factors affect the productivity of traditional batik in Malang. The 7 determining factors are human resources, machinery, methods, capital, technology, time, and information.
Eucalytus Oil Plant Layout Desain in Timor Tengah Utara Regency Using Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) Method
Authors: Kolo Quido , Budiman Arif , Edy Tantowi Alva , Larutama Wiku
Published: July 2021

The factory layout is an important role in improving the efficiency and viability of the industry. Designing the plant layout can use Activity Relationship Chart (ARC). The purpose of this research is to design the layout of eucalyptus plant facility in Timor Tengah Utara district. The results showed that the layout planning department Eucalyptus Oil production by Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) is largely influenced by the degree of sequence relationships between departments work flow and the degree of personal contact is often done. Based on the research that has been done in Timor Tengah Utara district, it can be concluded that the planning layout by Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) more efficient in Eucalyptus Oil refining process.
The Effect of Austenization Temperature in Surface Hardening Process on Steel Plate as Ballistic Plate
Authors: Purwanto Helmy , Dzulfikar Muhammad , Tauviqirrahman Mohammad , Ismail Rifky , Jumain Anang
Published: July 2021

Ballistic resistant plate is a plate that is able to withstand the rate of projectiles. Ballistic resistant plates or armor plates are applied to military vehicles. It requires a combination of hardness, strength and toughness. Surface hardening with heat treatment is carried out to obtain ballistic resistant properties. The article is aimed at increasing the hardness of one of the surface in commercial medium carbon steel. The variation of austenization is done at the temperatures of 700, 800 and 900 °C with induction heating and holding time for 3 seconds. The quenching media used 15 litters of oil. Several tests are conducted: The results of surface hardening are observed in microstructure, distribution of hardness is tested by micro vickers, tensile testing and impact testing. Tensile testing in accordance with ASTM E8 standards and impact testing with E 23 standards. The transformation of ferrite and perlite to marten site is obtained on the surface of the plate in the temperature of 900 °C. At that temperature, hardness increases on the surface and tenacity can be maintained. In addition, the value of hardness, tensile strength and impact energy were significantly increased. Impact energy as a material requirement for ballistic resistance had been achieved, but hardness and tensile strength still need to be increased.
The Influence of Holding Time to Mechanical Properties of Steel Processed with Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Aminnudin Aminnudin , Suryanto Heru , Suprayito
Published: July 2021

Steel with very small grain has high strength but still have ductility. Heating the steel until reach to austenite temperature can make the grain of the steel will growth and reduce the hardness of the steel, to prevent this it is necessary to know the effect of holding time on steel hardness. The hardness is indicating of grain growth of the steel. In this research, we investigated the effect of holding time to the hardness of very small-grained steel. Heat treatment was done at 1100 °C using an electric furnace. Micro-hardness testing used a micro-Vickers method using 300 gram forces and indentation time 10 minutes. Microstructure observation was done with metallurgical microstructure. The etching solution for microstructure observation was nital solution. The heat treatment process of steel powder metallurgy with a holding time of 60 minutes will cause hardness to decrease from 245 in holding 15 minutes to 207 and grain size grow from 1 µm to 4 µm.
Harnesssing Technology Maintenance Process of Tidal Energy Converter
Authors: Baidowi Achmad , Semin  , Koenhardono Eddy S
Published: July 2021

Tidal energy has become an alternative solution for energy source in the future especially for countries with vast ocean such as Indonesia. Tidal energy converter is relatively new which resulted in different concept or even prototypes. The design of tidal energy converter must consider the simplicity of the maintenance process. How is the existing prototypes of tida energy converter maintenance process. This paper evaluate the existing prototype which use floating platform such as Larantuka strait and Madura strait prototype which use Darrieus turbine, T Files turbine which use gorlov turbine, BlueTEC and Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Turbine (HATCT) which use horizontal turbine. The evaluation are based on several criteria such as operational check, inspection and maintenance of harnessing technology or turbine arm where shaft, gearbox and generator are included in the arm which can be called as harnessing technology. The results of comparison shows that the tilted method of maintenance has advantages of visual inspection. The comparison also shows that there is still room for improvement for the design regarding the onsite maintenance by providing larger deck. As the answer of the comparison, a novel design concept is offered using turbine arm with motor for tilting the arm and larger deck area.
Experimental Validation with FPGA Controller to A Switched-Capacitor Interleaved Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for A Renewable Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Bhukya Ramu , Kadali KalyanSagar , Siva Asapu , Palleswari Y T R , Pragaspathy  , Saravanan S
Published: July 2021

A Switched-Capacitor Interleaved Bidirectional DC-DC Converter is used to increase the voltage gain and to decrease the voltage gain to a renewable energy storage system is illustrated with an experimental setup using FGPA controller. This interleaved construction is accepted on this converter of the less-voltage side to decrease the content of the ripple which flows through the side which is low-voltage of this converter. This type of series-connection structure is accepted to achieve the more voltage gain on the higher voltage side/less voltage gain on the high-voltage side of this converter structure. Also, this type of structure is need in a bidirectional synchronic rectification performance are carried out without requiring any additional experimental setup for the same operation, and with this type of converter’s structure its performance is improved. Besides, with this structure, here we can analyze the converter’s current ripple characteristics and also, the operating principles of voltage, and current stresses. Finally; a power rating of kW experimental setup was constructed to analyze this converter’s performance for different ranges under various voltage gain ranges in between the voltage ranges of 50V to 120V on the low-voltage side of this converter while other voltage 400V is kept constant. Under this condition, this converters’ efficiency obtained maximum value is 95.21% in the increase mode whereas when the converter is operating in the decrease mode of operation, the efficiency obtained value is 95.30%. The investigational validation values are verified for boost increase mode and decrease mode of operation with the experimental setup. The same circuit is also performed with the Simulink and got verified for increase and decrease modes of performance.
Plant Leaf Disease Detection Using Rocker Boggie Mechanism
Authors: Anitha G , Nantha L , Prasath R
Published: July 2021

Quite possibly the main occupations in a non-industrial nation like India is farming. It is vital to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of agribusiness by supplanting workers with wise machines like robots utilizing most recent advances. This Robot is primarily used to decrease the exertion of ranchers by expanding the exactness and speed of work. The location of plant illnesses is done through picture handling strategies. The pictures of the plant are caught by an advanced camera which is interfaced with the raspberry pi board. First the camera is empowered then it begins to catch the plant leafs. At whatever point the sensors identify the ailing plant, the sign is given to Raspberry Pi and it will turn on the engine and begin to splash pesticide. Raspberry PI is that it is a quick processor with low force utilization. It is profoundly solid with minimization. A robotized model is created utilizing IoT innovation where sensors like temperature sensor, dampness sensor. This undertaking incorporates highlights like worker based far off observing framework, Stickiness and temperature detecting. To control the wide range of various sensors, we utilize raspberry pi (RPI). To screen the climate and any climate changes utilizing IOT which having a few sensors like Temperature sensor, mugginess sensor, which estimates separate boundaries for the duration of the day. And furthermore boundaries estimated by sensors are sent through IOT. Utilizing estimated boundaries they can recognize and keep from infections by showering pesticides.
Advanced smart energy meter for energy conservation
Authors: Kumar R Senthil , Prabaakaran K , Ovaiz Mohammed , Vivek J , Harshith B , Lokesh P
Published: July 2021

The recent trends in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) have paved the way for incremental needs within the consumers such as real time billing transparency, data exchanges without errors, high precision, individual load consumption, and remote-control features. In advanced metering infrastructure, the smart energy meter acts as the primary equipment for household metering appliances. Such energy meters come with different design topologies that have proven itself for remote billing, post paid and prepaid packages for electrical consumers, high accuracy, anti-tampering design and remote control over household mains. However, there are few studies that interpret energy meters can be used for energy conservation purposes. The energy conservation suggestions by modern energy meters are not observed effective as they do not assess the individual load characteristics. Moreover, the billing transparency is not based on real time and accurate in the modern energy meters. This paper focuses on advanced billing methodology and consumption of individual load without the need of additional sensors and the meter alerts the user by forecasting the energy consumption continuously.
Authenticated Smart Meter Reading for a Secure Smart Grid
Authors: Vineeth V V , Harikoushik A , Haripriya P , Harishankar A S , Dharshana C P
Published: July 2021

A secure system is proposed in order to authenticate smart meter reading for securing the overall smart grid communication. Compression based techniques are employed to prevent power reading by unauthenticated entities. Impersonation attacks are common in smart grid environment which cause drastic security issues along with economic issues. Compression along with authentication is studied here to weed out the potential threats raised by unauthenticated access. Hypothesis based testing analysis is done to differentiate intruder based signal and genuine signal. This could be applied to meter data more effectively and is thought to bring about low authentication issues concerned with smart meter data. So the increased threat level in smart meter communications in grid can be lowered efficiently by using compression and authentication and make the overall system secure.
Smart Health Monitoring Bodyarea Network Using Raspberry Pi
Authors: Mohil Varmaa K , Prendra K , Ranjith K V , Robinsingh T , Nandalal V , Sathish Kumar N
Published: July 2021

In today’s world more death occurs due to not immediate treatment for bed ridden patients. It also requires more man power. This document presents the model, installation and looks of a hardware and software platform for health monitoring system for patients. The main purpose of this system is to set up a system that can watch over bedridden patient’s health. This project depends on both hardware and software. It is developed using sp02, temperature, heartbeat connected to a raspberry pi micro controller, which get the sensor values and process it in machine learning process to produce a dosage prediction. It also intimates the doctor by triggering an automatic email. In addition, one can know the patients records and prediction of dosage from anywhere using the mobile application linked with it.
Disease Detection In Cotton Leaf Spot Using Image Processing
Authors: Karthika J. , Mathan kumar K. , Santhose M. , Sharan T. , Sri hariharan S
Published: July 2021

Agriculture isn’t solely a method of food for ever-growing populations, however over that. The infected plants cause ill-health in humans and additionally decrease gradually the economy of the country. Therefore, distinguishing plant diseases at an early stage becomes necessary method to avoid losses in an agricultural production system. Largely the symptoms of the malady are visible on leaves. Manually observance of each plant during an immense in acre is hard. Hence, image process techniques area unit accustomed to observe and determine the diseases in the plant that may be a higher various to observe diseases quickly and correctly.
A solution of dialectical systems theory to P/NP problem
Authors: Shi Wei-Jiang
Published: July 2021

The key to solve the NP problem is how to judge the existence of an algorithm for a conversion from NP to P? For this purpose, dialectical systems theory is introduced for a transformations which processes “self-denial” from its structure and function conversely and interactively of some kind of NP, a dualistic contradiction indeed. Mathematics is subject to the “identity” rule and difficult to tackle self-denial transformations. Furthermore, mathematics, being of incompleteness, isn’t helpful to solve the NP problem. Dialectics is an evolutionary theory, a dynamic process, demanding connection all aspects of things, so a systematic approach is adopted. Regarding the transformation from NP to P as an emergence of self-organization evolution, four requirements for dissipative structure can be proposed for the judging possibility of emergence of evolution: opening, non-equilibrium, non-linearity, fluctuation. Taken the “Travelling Salesman Problem” as a typical example of NPC, it be concluded that none of the four requirements could be met. The reason is that the condition given by TSP is one-dimensional data only, which is the essence of Monism that couldn’t boost evolution and emergence quickly and efficiently.
Few-shot Object Detection with Camouflage Animals
Authors: Lei Yi , Lei Lei
Published: July 2021

Object detection is a hot issue in the field of computer vision, which is widely used in intelligent video surveillance, medical image analysis, and practice in the fields of military strategy. Previous object detection is based on a lot of training data, and for some special target, it is difficult to find enough annotation data to training model, so few-shot object detection was born. In this paper, a data set of animals with protective colors is constructed(CAD), which contains ten categories of different objects with high quality annotations. We combine the existing attention RPN and Feature Reweighting module to train our net, the experimental results prove that the Camouflage animals in nature can be well identified, and our results obtain 1.9% AP50, 1.2% AP75 improvement compared with before work.
Enhancement algorithm for color images based on improved FC-MSPCNN
Authors: Kang Yuan , Lian Jing , Guo Chenxi , Zheng Li , Zhang Mingxuan
Published: July 2021

Image enhancement has been a hot research topic in image processing in recent years, and Pulse-Coupled Neural Network (PCNN) based image processing has become one of the important channels for image processing. Recently, we have applied this network to image enhancement based on Fire-controlled Pulse-coupled NeuralNetwork (FC-MSPCNN) without changing its model structure by combining the adaptive parameter setting method to redefine the link coefficients β. On the one hand, and reprocessing the mapping matrix of the extracted three channels on the other hand. The experimental results of the improved FC-MSPCNN are proved to be more effective and robust compared with the traditional classical algorithm, both in terms of competent analysis and objective comparison.
Research on crop disease recognition based on Multi-Branch ResNet-18
Authors: Wang Chaofan , Ni Peng , Cao Maoyong
Published: July 2021

Traditional image processing has many problems in crop disease identification, such as complicated manual design and low efficiency. This article studies the application of deep learning algorithms in the identification of crop diseases. In this article, attention mechanism and feature fusion are introduced to optimize ResNet-18, and for the problem that the network has only a single output, based on the optimized ResNet-18, a Multi-Branch ResNet-18(MB-ResNet-18) and a joint loss function are proposed to achieve the simultaneous classification of crop-type level, disease-type level, and disease-degree level. The experimental results show that, compared with ResNet-18, the network structure proposed in this article basically maintains the classification accuracy of crop-type level and disease-type level, and the classification accuracy on crop disease-degree level has increased by 2.11%.
Research on the Application of Computer P2P Network Technology in Local Area Network
Authors: Li Shao
Published: July 2021

This article analyzes the basic content, application advantages, and infrastructure of computer P2P network technology. The author studies the specific application of computer P2P network technology in application structure, download mode, node function design, overlay network protocol, network data distribution, multiple copy redundancy processing, node failure detection, and copy repair processing. The author studied the countermeasures against hacker attacks, virus transmission problems, and transmission speed problems in the process of technology application. The purpose of this article is to give full play to the application effects of computer P2P network technology and improve the security of the local area network operation process.
Research on Circular Promotions of Graphic Advertising Design and Computer
Authors: Daifang Zhou
Published: July 2021

Graphic advertising design is developed on the basis of advertising and design, mainly aiming at strengthening sales. Traditional advertising design is mainly published in newspaper bulletin boards and presented to people in a plane form. With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous progress of science and technology, the graphic advertising design is constantly innovating and perfecting, which is embodied in the use of special ways to realize digital image processing. The special methods mentioned here include computer technology, digital technology and so on. It can be seen that under the background of information age, the computer system will have an impact on the effect of graphic advertising design in different degrees. Based on this, this paper will make an in-depth analysis of the development process of graphic advertising design, study the specific application of computer technology in graphic advertising design, and explore the circular promotion relationship between them, hoping to provide reference for professionals.