bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators Giberellic acid (GA3) And Salicylic Acid (SA) on Growth and Yield of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) under Naturally Ventilated Polyhouse
Authors: S. Angitha , Singh Devi , Fatmi Urfi
Published: August 2022

The present investigation entitled “Effect of plant growth regulators Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Salicylic Acid (SA) on the growth and yield of carnation under naturally ventilated polyhouse”, was carried out during November, 2021 to April 2022 in, Naturally Ventilated Polyhouse, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, it was concluded that the plant growth regulators treatments rendered their significant effect on almost all the growth, flowering and yield characters as well as quality of carnation. The treatment T3 i.e. application of GA3 @ 200 ppm was found superior in terms of Plant height (102.27cm), number of leaves (203.67), number of shoots (7.67), internodal length (7.73cm), number of internodes per shoot (17), bud length (10cm), bud diameter (2.87cm), flower diameter (6.80cm), flower length (5.67cm), flower stalk length (96.93cm), vase life (10.33), number of cut flower stalks per plant (7.00) and number of cut flower stalks per square meter (175). However, plants treated with SA @ 120ppm took minimum days for bud initiation (112.67 days) and the days taken to bud opening (24.67). Among the different treatments the highest Gross return (Rs/200m2) (7,00,000), Net return (441565), benefit cost ratio (2.70) was obtainedunder the use of GA3 @ 200 ppm (T3).
DA GASTRONOMIA FRANCESA À GASTRONOMIA GLOBAL: hibridismos e identidades inventadas
Authors: Bueno Maria Lucia
Published: August 2022

O objetivo desta reflexão é compreender a transformação da dinâmica do processo de mundialização na globalização, tendo como tema a gastronomia, pensada como campo cultural (Bourdieu), e tendo como recortes os chefs de cozinha, os restaurantes e os guias gastronômicos, analisados numa perspectiva sócio-histórica. Considerando o equilíbrio estabelecido entre a penetração da cultura gastronômica em âmbitos mais distantes uns dos outros, além de diversos entre si, a proposta do artigo é discutir como a consolidação de um mercado global de gastronomia está na contrapartida de exercícios contínuos de afirmação de localidades e identidades particulares.FROM FRENCH GASTRONOMY TO GLOBAL GASTRONOMY: hybridism and invented identitiesThe objective of this reflection is to comprehend the transformation of the dynamic of the process of internationalization of the globalization using as a theme the gastronomy. This theme is thought as a cultural field (Bourdieu) and using as clippings the chefs, the restaurants and the gastronomic guides analyzed under the sociohistorical perspective. Considering the balance between the penetration of the gastronomic culture in contexts more apart from each other, besides being diverse among themselves, the proposal of this article is to discuss how the consolidation of a gastronomic global market is in contrast with the continuous exercises of affirming the localities and the particular identities.Key words: gastronomic field and globalization; chefs and restaurants; French gastronomy and Brazilian gastronomy; invented identitiesDE LA GASTRONOMIE FRANÇAISE A LA GASTRONOMIE MONDIALE: hybridités et identités inventéesL’objectif de cette réflexion est de comprendre la transformation de la dynamique du processus de mondialisation dans un monde globalisé. Le thème choisi est la gastronomie, considérée comme un champ culturel (Bourdieu). On fait des recoupements entre les chefs cuisiniers, les restaurants et les guides gastronomiques, le tout étant analysé dans une perspective socio-historique. Compte tenu de l’équilibre établi entre la pénétration de la culture gastronomique dans des domaines les plus éloignés les uns des autres, sans compter leur diversité, cet article se propose de discuter comment la consolidation d’un marché mondial de la gastronomie a pour contre partie des exercices continus d’affirmation de localités et d’identités spécifiques.Key words: champ gastronomique et mondialisation; chefs et restaurants; gastronomie française et gastronomie brésilienne; identités inventées
Nasal and Pharyngeal Coil Extrusion After Embolization of an Internal Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Hervochon Rémi , Cabanne Églantine , Salfrant Maxime , Carre Fabienne , Picard Diane , Nguyen Yann , Tankere Frédéric
Published: August 2022

This case report describes a man in his 20s with a medical history of embolization of the right internal carotid artery who presented to the ears, nose, and throat emergency department with a wire in his mouth, throat discomfort, and irritating cough.
Performance evaluation of two interventional fluoroscope suites for cardiovascular imaging
Authors: Anthony Gregory , Liang Yun , Zhao Xuandong
Published: August 2022

Interventional cardiology involves catheter‐based treatment of heart disease, generally through fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures. Patients can be subject to considerable radiation dose due to prolonged fluoroscopy time and radiographic exposure, and therefore efforts to minimize patient dose should always be undertaken. Developing standardized, effective quality control programs for these systems is a difficult task owing to cross‐vendor differences and automated control of imaging protocols. Furthermore, analyses of radiation dose should be performed in the context of its associated effects on image quality.

The aim of the study is to investigate radiation dose and image quality in two fluoroscopic systems used for interventional cardiology procedures. Image quality was assessed in terms of spatial resolution and modulation transfer function, signal‐to‐noise and contrast‐to‐noise ratios, and spatial–temporal resolution of fluoroscopy and cineradiography images with phantoms simulating various patient thicknesses under routine cardiology protocols. The entrance air kerma (or air kerma rate) was measured and used to estimate entrance surface dose (or dose rate) in the phantoms.
Comparison of BSPT and PZT Piezoelectric Ceramic Transformers for High‐Temperature Power Supplies
Authors: Forrester Jack , Li Linhao , Yang Zijiang , Davidson Jonathan N. , Sinclair Derek C. , Reaney Ian M. , Foster Martin P. , Stone David A.
Published: August 2022

High‐temperature power electronics is an advancing area of research, especially given the widespread availability of wide bandgap semiconductors. Herein, a suitability analysis of (1−x)BiScO3−xPbTiO3(BSPT) as a material for high‐temperature piezoelectric transformers (PTs) is presented and compared to state‐of‐the‐art Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3(PZT). Initially, both materials are compared using a variety of metrics to prove the suitability of BSPT as a material for constructing PTs specifically for high‐temperature applications. PTs based on the two materials are designed and fabricated, and then subsequently characterized using impedance measurements. Finally, half‐bridge resonant inverters are constructed using both PTs and the performance of each inverter measured over a range of ambient temperatures. The result of these experiments confirms the suitability of BSPT for PT applications and shows the excellent performance of BSPT PTs at temperatures in excess of that possible with PZT‐based PTs.
Control of Large‐Scale Single‐Phase Ni Silicide Formation from Reactive Multilayers
Authors: Chang Yuan-Wei , Lam Kam-Heng , Chang Chien , Chen Hou-Ren , Su Kuan-Wei , Chou Yi-Chia
Published: August 2022

The Ni/Si reactive multilayer (RML) is full of application potentials including reactive joining, igniters, and power sources. Here, the Ni/Si RMLs with atomic ratios of Ni and Si (2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) are studied, where the bilayer thickness and the total thickness are controlled to be 53 nm and 2 μm, respectively. After laser ignition, a rapid explosive reaction is observed where there are two self‐propagation wavefronts and their velocities reach 7.20 and 11.93 m s−1. The uniform, small grains, and single‐phase Ni silicides are obtained and controlled by tuning growth parameters. From the understanding of the Gibbs free energy diagram, the first wavefront comes from the solid‐state amorphization reaction between the Ni and a‐Si. The formation of the final Ni silicide causes the second wavefront. The entire reaction is described by a transient heat transfer model. It proposes a key parameter called heat loss rate, which explains the importance of RML thickness and the thermal diffusivity of the substrate. It allows to accurately control the reaction rate, which masters the final silicide phase. Thus, the oxidation of samples downgrades the reliability as the self‐propagation velocity of the two wavefronts dropped to 1.34 and 1.91 m s−1in samples after 200 h of oxidation.
B4C‐Reinforced Al–Zn Foams Having Superior Energy Absorption Efficiency
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Kanyadhan Vijayaraghavan Sai Srinivasan , Gupta Amit Kumar , Ravindran Sujith
Published: August 2022

The low density of the aluminium foam and high energy absorption make them favourable for automobile, aerospace, and defence industries. However, the melt route for foam fabrication has challenges in achieving homogeneous distribution of pores. Hence, we have adopted the space holder technique using the powder metallurgy methodology to overcome such a challenge. In the current study, we fabricated Al–Zn alloy foams reinforced with varying volume fractions of B4C particles using NaCl as a space holder implemented by hot pressure‐assisted sintering and dissolution. X‐ray computed tomography revealed a homogeneous distribution of pores. The quasistatic compression studies showed that the samples containing a higher volume fraction of pores exhibited higher energy absorption efficiency in the fabricated foam. The maximum energy absorption efficiency (η) achieved was ≈93% for the pristine Al alloy foam with ≈50% porosity, which is ≈11% higher than the η value of 9 vol% B4C samples with similar porosity. Additionally, B4C particles delay the sudden collapse of cell walls and stabilize the compression behaviour. Adding B4C improves the η and strength at higher relative density. This fabrication methodology would help us develop foams with a homogenous pore distribution and regular geometry, achieving highly desirable mechanical properties.
A 2D Nanoradiosensitizer Enhances Radiotherapy and Delivers STING Agonists to Potentiate Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Luo Taokun , Nash Geoffrey T. , Jiang Xiaomin , Feng Xuanyu , Mao Jianming , Liu Jianqiao , Juloori Aditya , Pearson Alexander T. , Lin Wenbin
Published: August 2022

Despite potent preclinical antitumor activity, activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has shown modest therapeutic effects in clinical studies. Many STING agonists, including 2′,3′‐cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), show poor pharmacokinetic properties for sustaining STING activation in tumors and achieving optimal antitumor efficacy. Improved delivery of STING agonists and their effective combination with other treatments are needed to enhance their therapeutic effects. Herein, a 2D nanoplatform, cGAMP/MOL, is reported via conjugating cGAMP to a nanoscale metal–organic layer (MOL) for simultaneous STING activation and radiosensitization. The MOL not only exhibits strong radiosensitization effects for enhanced cancer killing and induction of immunogenic cell death, but also retains cGAMP in tumors for sustained STING activation. Compared to free cGAMP, cGAMP/MOL elicits stronger STING activation and regresses local tumors upon X‐ray irradiation. Further combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor bridges innate and adaptive immune systems by activating the tumor microenvironment to elicit systemic antitumor responses.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Chromenopyrrole Derivative Enabled by Multicomponent Reaction of Isocyanide, Allenoate, and Phenol
Authors: Li Dong , Wang Zhishuang , Zhang Hualin , Lu Ningyi , Cui Lei , Wu Ningmin , Li Chunju , Li Jian
Published: August 2022

We report here an isocyanide‐based multicomponent reaction to assemble a number of tricyclic chromenopyrrole derivatives with diastereoselectivity. Mechanistically, this protocol employs phenol as electron‐rich species, thus following bicyclization process to approach a series of diverse structures.

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Two‐Dimensional Covalent Heptazine‐Based Framework Enables Highly Photocatalytic Performance for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhao Yingnan , Wang Cong , Han Xingqi , Lang Zhongling , Zhao Congcong , Yin Liying , Sun Huiying , Yan Likai , Ren Hongda , Tan Huaqiao
Published: August 2022

Screening high‐efficiency 2D conjugated polymers toward visible‐light‐driven overall water splitting (OWS) is one of the most promising but challenging research directions to realize solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) energy conversion and storage. “Mystery molecule” heptazine is an intriguing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) building block. By covalently linking with the electron‐rich alkynyl and phenyl oxygen evolution reaction (OER) active units, 10 experimentally feasible 2D covalent heptazine‐based frameworks (CHFs) are constructed and screened four promising visible‐light‐driven OWS photocatalysts, which are linked by p‐phenyl (CHF‐4), p‐phenylenediynyl (CHF‐7), m‐phenylenediynyl (CHF‐8), and phenyltriynyl (CHF‐9), respectively. Their HER and OER active sites achieve completely spatially separated, where HER active sites focus on heptazine units and OER active sites located on alkynyl or phenyl units. Their lower overpotentials allow them to spontaneously trigger the surface OWS reaction under their own light‐induced bias without using any sacrificial agents and cocatalysts. Among them, CHF‐7 shows the best photocatalytic performance with an ideal STH energy conversion efficiency estimated at 12.04%, indicating that it is a promising photocatalyst for industrial OWS. This work not only provides an innovative idea for the exploration of novel polymer photocatalysts for OWS but also supplies a direction for the development of heptazine derivatives.
A behaviorally anchored assessment tool for bedside teaching in the emergency department
Authors: Ijaz Hamza , Stull Matthew , McDonough Erin , Paulsen Robbie , Hill Jeffrey
Published: August 2022

Evaluating a resident's development as a bedside educator in the emergency department (ED) is challenging. Teaching consults, where trainees are observed and assessed in their teaching skills, have been used to improve bedside teaching. Within emergency medicine, there are a few assessment tools to evaluate a clinician's bedside teaching, with the majority focusing on faculty. A user‐friendly assessment tool adapted to the ED that emphasizes behaviorally anchored, milestone‐based evaluations for residents has yet to be developed. We sought to develop such an assessment tool for evaluating residents' bedside teaching in the ED. Using a nominal‐group consensus‐building technique, we derived the bedside teaching assessment tool. The consensus‐building panel was composed of clinician‐educators with extensive experience in resident education. The teaching consult process consisted of the consultant, a faculty member with a focus in medical education, directly observing a resident's bedside teaching throughout their shift while filling out the evaluation form based on observed behaviors. A total of 35 consults were provided to 30 individual residents. The mean (±SD) scores for the 35 consults for the learning climate, content teaching, supervision, feedback and evaluation, and self‐assessment were 3.84 (±0.75), 3.56 (±0.58), 3.70 (±0.60), 3.64 (±0.77), and 3.92 (±0.45), respectively. The median scores for the above domains were 4, 3.5, 4, 3.5, and 4, respectively. The tool has acceptable internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.723 (95% CI 0.469–0.839). Eleven of 13 (85%) residents who provided feedback agreed or strongly agreed that the quantitative feedback provided by the assessment tool was useful. Twelve of 13 (92%) residents found the consultation process to be unobtrusive to their clinical performance. In conclusion, this novel behaviorally anchored assessment tool for bedside teaching can serve as a useful adjunct to a teaching consult and provide useful feedback for the development of residents' bedside teaching skills.
The simulated newsroom: A novel educational innovation to teach advocacy skills to resident physicians
Authors: Bigham Blair L. , Lavelle Conor , Hulme Jennifer , Hayman Kate
Published: August 2022

Need for Innovation

Advocacy is a key competency of Canadian residency education, yet physicians seldom engage with supraclinical advocacy efforts upon completion of training.

Objective of innovation

The objective was to equip participants with the knowledge and skills required to engage as physician‐advocates in their communities using opinion writing as a tool.

Developmental process

We used Kern's six‐step framework to leverage a common medical training method, simulation, to teach journalistic skills related to advocacy in our novel “simulated newsroom.” Two emergency physicians with journalism training and workplace experience developed simulated newsroom workshops. The simulated newsroom consisted of participants acting as journalists and the expert facilitator acting as a news editor over two workshops. The participants were encouraged to write and workshop an article with colleagues.

Evaluation

Participants were invited to participate in a semistructured focus group and to submit their article for qualitative analysis. Focus group transcripts and written work were qualitatively analyzed to understand acceptability and feasibility and how participants might engage as future health advocates.

Outcomes

Twelve participants registered for the workshops and six attended. All six participated in the focus group; four submitted written work. The innovation bolstered participants' confidence in advocacy through the popular press and provided demonstrable skills in opinion writing. Participants valued the workshop as a voluntary component of residency education led by physicians with journalism expertise.

Discussion

The simulated newsroom may be an effective mechanism for increasing confidence and competence in advocacy writing.
The role of the University of Padua medical school in the study of conjoined twins between 18th and early 19th century
Authors: Magno Giovanni , Boer Lucas L. , Oostra Roelof‐Jan , Zanatta Alberto
Published: August 2022

The Medical School of Padua (Italy) contributed profoundly to the study of teratology. Many famous physicians and professors of medicine, such as Liceti, Vallisneri, Morgagni, and Malacarne, have studied and investigated these anomalies to better understand the causes and to find a potential explanation, often preserving the specimens for future studies. The present study highlights some historical cases of conjoined twins and a conjoined triplet preserved at the Morgagni Museum of Human Anatomy to show the development of medical theories in the teratological field between the 18th and early 19th century. This approach will provide insights into different study methods and ideas of some of the most famous scholars working in Padua at that time. The current article focuses on rare cases, both human and animal, that were encountered by physicians who worked in the Veneto area in the late 18th and early 19th century. Their detailed descriptions are not only of historical but also of contemporary dysmorphological value.
Formation of a Strong Heterogeneous Aluminum Lewis Acid on Silica
Authors: Samudrala Kavyasripriya K. , Huynh Winn , Dorn Rick W. , Rossini Aaron J. , Conley Matthew P.
Published: August 2022

Al(OC(CF3)3)(PhF) reacts with silanols present on partially dehydroxylated silica to form well‐defined ≡SiOAl(OC(CF3)3)2(O(Si≡)2) (1).27Al NMR and DFT calculations with a small cluster model to approximate the silica surface show that the aluminum in1adopts a distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry by coordinating to a nearby siloxane bridge and a fluorine from the alkoxide. Fluoride ion affinity (FIA) calculations follow experimental trends and show that1is a stronger Lewis acid than B(C6F5)3and Al(OC(CF3)3)(PhF) but is weaker than Al(OC(CF3)3) andiPr3Si+. Cp2Zr(CH3)2reacts with1to form [Cp2ZrCH3][≡SiOAl(OC(CF3)3)2(CH3)] (3) by methide abstraction. This reactivity pattern is similar to reactions of organometallics with the proposed strong Lewis acid sites present on Al2O3.
Excited State Charge‐Transfer Complexes Enable Fluorescence Color Changes in a Supramolecular Cyclophane Mechanophore
Authors: Thazhathethil Shakkeeb , Muramatsu Tatsuya , Tamaoki Nobuyuki , Weder Christoph , Sagara Yoshimitsu
Published: August 2022

Mechanochromic mechanophores are reporter molecules that indicate mechanical events through changes of their photophysical properties. Supramolecular mechanophores in which the activation is based on the rearrangement of luminophores and/or quenchers without any covalent bond scission, remain less well investigated. Here, we report a cyclophane‐based supramolecular mechanophore that contains a 1,6‐bis(phenylethynyl)pyrene luminophore and a pyromellitic diimide quencher. In solution, the blue monomer emission of the luminophore is largely quenched and a faint reddish‐orange emission originating from a charge‐transfer (CT) complex is observed. A polyurethane elastomer containing the mechanophore displays orange emission in the absence of force, which is dominated by the CT‐emission. Mechanical deformation causes a decrease of the CT‐emission and an increase of blue monomer emission, due to the spatial separation between the luminophore and quencher. The ratio of the two emission intensities correlates with the applied stress.
Bismuth‐Mediated α‐Arylation of Acidic Diketones with ortho‐Substituted Boronic Acids
Authors: Ruffell Katie , Argent Stephen P. , Ling Kenneth B. , Ball Liam T.
Published: August 2022

The α‐arylation of cyclic and fluoroalkyl 1,3‐diketones is made challenging by the highly stabilized nature of the corresponding enolates, and is especially difficult for sterically demanding aryl partners. As a general solution to this problem, we report the Bi‐mediated oxidative coupling of acidic diones and ortho‐substituted arylboronic acids. Starting from a bench‐stable bismacycle precursor, a sequence of B‐to‐Bi transmetallation, oxidation and C−C bond formation furnishes the arylated diones. Development of methodology that tolerates both sensitive functionality and steric demand is supported by interrogation of key reactive intermediates. Application of our strategy to cyclic diones enables the concise synthesis of important agrochemical intermediates which were previously prepared using toxic Pb reagents. This methodology also enables the first ever arylation of fluoroalkyl diones which, upon condensation with hydrazine, provides direct access to valuable fluoroalkyl pyrazoles.
Nearly‐Unity Quantum Yield and 12‐Hour Afterglow from a Transparent Perovskite of Cs2NaScCl6:Tb
Authors: Wang Xiaojia , Zhang Xiangzhou , Yan Shao , Liu Hong , Zhang Yuhai
Published: August 2022

Unlike afterglow phosphors, transparent crystals free of scattering issues hold great potential in applications such as volumetric displays and three‐dimensional encryption. Here, a double‐perovskite host of ca. 85 % transparency, a Cs2NaScCl6 single crystal, was grown in aqueous solution. Through heavy doping of Tb ions, the crystal exhibited a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) up to 98.2 %. Both steady‐state and transient PL spectroscopic investigation revealed a cross‐relaxation efficiency (ηCR≈99 %) between Tb ions, greatly mitigated the electron saturation on the 5D3 level and encouraged the radiative route against quenching. The doped crystal displayed an intense afterglow of up to 12 h after ceasing the X‐ray excitation, allowing it to be used in a radiation‐storage battery which has a linear scaling capacity with loading weight. Our work opens possibilities in photo‐stimulated volumetric display and three‐dimensional information storage.
Nearly‐Unity Quantum Yield and 12‐Hour Afterglow from a Transparent Perovskite of Cs2NaScCl6:Tb
Authors: Wang Xiaojia , Zhang Xiangzhou , Yan Shao , Liu Hong , Zhang Yuhai
Published: August 2022

Unlike afterglow phosphors, transparent crystals free of scattering issues hold great potential in applications such as volumetric displays and three‐dimensional encryption. Here, a double‐perovskite host of ca. 85 % transparency, a Cs2NaScCl6single crystal, was grown in aqueous solution. Through heavy doping of Tb ions, the crystal exhibited a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) up to 98.2 %. Both steady‐state and transient PL spectroscopic investigation revealed a cross‐relaxation efficiency (ηCR≈99 %) between Tb ions, greatly mitigated the electron saturation on the5D3level and encouraged the radiative route against quenching. The doped crystal displayed an intense afterglow of up to 12 h after ceasing the X‐ray excitation, allowing it to be used in a radiation‐storage battery which has a linear scaling capacity with loading weight. Our work opens possibilities in photo‐stimulated volumetric display and three‐dimensional information storage.
The impact of COVID‐19 on patients with neurological disorders and their access to healthcare in Africa: A review of the literature
Authors: Uwishema Olivier , Frederiksen Kristian Steen , Correia Inês F. Silva , Mahmoud Ashraf , Onyeaka Helen , Dost Burhan
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has hampered the progress of neurological healthcare services for patients across Africa. Before the pandemic, access to these services was already limited due to elevated treatment costs among uninsured individuals, shortage of medicines, equipment, and qualified personnel, immense distance between residing areas and neurological facilities, and a limited understanding of neurological diseases and their presentation by both the health workers and the African population.

Methodology

The databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the National Library of Medicine were searched for literature. All articles on neurological disorders in Africa were considered.

Aim

This review article explores the challenges of providing the best services for patients suffering from neurological disorders in Africa amid the COVID‐19 pandemic and provides evidence‐based recommendations.

Results

As Africa's governments made more resources available to support patients affected by COVID‐19, neurological care received less priority and the capacity and competency to treat patients with neurological disorders thus suffered substantially. Both short‐term and long‐term strategies are needed to improve the quality of neurological services after the pandemic in the region.

Conclusion

To strengthen Africa's neurological services capability during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic, African governments must ensure appropriate healthcare resource allocation, perform neurology management training, and increase health security measures in medication supply. Long‐term strategies include incorporating responsible finance and resource procurement and advancement of tele‐neurology. International collaboration is essential to promote the sustainable improvement of neurological services in Africa.
Molecular genetic and clinical characteristic analysis of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of urinary bladder identified by a novel OR2L5 mutation
Authors: Alradhi Mohammed , Wen Shuang , Safi Mohammed , Al‐danakh Abdullah , Wang Honglong , Shopit Abdullah , Sun Min , Fan Bo , Li Xiancheng
Published: August 2022

To get a better understanding of the genetic basis of primary signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the bladder, which is highly rare and not yet explored. First, by using immunohistochemistry to find histological pathological characteristics. Second, a massively parallel whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on a 58‐year‐old male patient who had painless macroscopic hematuria and was pathologically diagnosed with primary SRCC of the bladder, followed by comparing with genes of ordinary urothelial cancer (UC) from TCGA. Furthermore, a population‐based analysis using the SEER database was performed to investigate the prognosis (SRCC vs. UC). We identified 63 copy number variations (CNVs) with gain counts and 181 CNVs with loss counts. Totally 4515 mutations were discovered in C > T with a success rate of greater than 89%. The most frequently mutated pathway was RTK‐RAS which has 85 genes involved in carcinogenic signaling. Final screening on predisposing genes is performed after filtering based on ACMG. Moreover, several driver genes, including NBN, KCTD18, SPATA13, ANKRD36, OR2L5, MALRD1, and LSMEM1, were detected. Sanger sequencing of germline DNA revealed the presence of a mutant base A/G of OR2L5 in the sequence, which was discovered for the first time in primary SRCC of the bladder. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical profile showed that primary SRCC of the bladder were positive for CK7, CK20, GATA‐3, and expression of CK(AE1/AE2), EMA, and Ki67. In the SEER‐based study, the patients with primary SRCC of the bladder got a worse prognosis compared to those with UC with median months overall survival (OS) 14 vs. 41, respectively, P = 0001, even after adjusting the variables in the Cox regression model, the SRCC of the bladder showed worse survival HR = 1.119, 95% CI = (1.081–1.328), P = 0.0001. These results imply that suppression of potential driver mutations may be a viable adjuvant treatment approach for primary SRCC in the bladder in place of standard chemotherapy, a possibility that warrants further clinical investigation.
Monitor, prevent problems related to sports wagering
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: August 2022

LAS VEGAS — With more than two‐thirds of states having legalized sports wagering and an estimated two‐million Americans having a gambling disorder, four to six million struggling with problematic gambling, and 8–14% considered at‐risk, the odds are pretty high that some of your student‐athletes, coaches, and/or staff are dealing with a gambling problem. In fact, athletes are four times more likely to develop problem gambling habits than the general population. That's according to Mark Potter, who experienced this firsthand when he was a professional rugby player in the United Kingdom until a 12‐year gambling disorder led to a suicide attempt and a criminal conviction that ended his career.
Did court dismiss student‐athlete's negligence claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: August 2022

Lafayette College leased a boathouse in the City of Easton, Pennsylvania for their club crew team. The boathouse was located approximately two miles from campus. However, there were no sidewalks or walkways connecting the university and the boathouse, which was accessible by only one road. Team members had to walk or run single file along the road to avoid being struck by a car. The road near the boathouse was also poorly lit.
MEAC Commissioner becomes unexpected trailblazer
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: August 2022

When Sonja O. Stills became the Commissioner of the Mid‐Eastern Athletic Conference, she became not only the first woman to lead the MEAC but also the first female commissioner of a Division I conference made up of historically Black colleges and universities. Stills has held several positions with the MEAC since she joined the organization, which have enabled her to learn all aspects of conference administration and leadership.
Primary malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the pleura: A review and report of a novel case
Authors: Rezvani Alireza , Shahriarirad Reza , Erfani Amirhossein , Ranjbar Keivan
Published: August 2022

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is considered an uncommon tumor originating from vascular tissues. Although this disease is an extremely rare malignant cancer, its pleural subtype is even less common. We discuss a 68‐year‐old man with isolated pleural epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, along with a literature review of all similar cases.
Peanut response to a commercial blend of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and fulvic acid
Authors: Jordan David L. , Hare Andrew T. , Wells Randy
Published: August 2022

Core Ideas

A commercial blend of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and fulvic acid did not affect peanut yield.

Lack of response to the foliar product was consistent across diverse environments.

A commercial blend of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and fulvic acid is not recommended.
YfeX – A New Platform for Carbene Transferase Development with High Intrinsic Reactivity
Authors: Sosa Alfaro Victor , Waheed Sodiq O. , Palomino Hannah , Knorrscheidt Anja , Weissenborn Martin , Christov Christo Z. , Lehnert Nicolai
Published: August 2022

Carbene transfer biocatalysis has evolved from basic science to an area with vast potential for the development of new industrial processes. In this study, we show that YfeX, naturally a peroxidase, has great potential for the development of new carbene transferases, due to its high intrinsic reactivity, especially for the N−H insertion reaction of aromatic and aliphatic primary and secondary amines. YfeX shows high stability against organic solvents (methanol and DMSO), greatly improving turnover of hydrophobic substrates. Interestingly, in styrene cyclopropanation, WT YfeX naturally shows high enantioselectivity, generating the trans product with 87 % selectivity for the (R,R) enantiomer. WT YfeX also catalyzes the Si−H insertion efficiently. Steric effects in the active site were further explored using the R232A variant. Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) calculations reveal details on the mechanism of Si−H insertion. YfeX, and potentially other peroxidases, are exciting new targets for the development of improved carbene transferases.
Capturing a Pentacyclic Fragment‐Based Library Derived from Perophoramidine: Their Design, Synthesis and Evaluation as Anticancer Compounds by DNA Double‐Strand Breaks (DSB) and PARP‐1 Inhibition
Authors: Guha Souvik , Yussif El‐Deeb Ibrahim , Yadav Shalini , Das Ranajit , Dutta Dubey Kshatresh , Baruah Mousumi , Gremaud Ludovic , Sen Subhabrata
Published: August 2022

Herein we have reported the discovery of a pentacyclic building block comprised of fused indole‐quinoline and piperidinone from the natural product perophoramidine as a formidable anticancer agent. The compounds were synthesized in six steps where the key steps involved a blue LED mediated intramolecular cyclopropanation of the indole intermediates and concomitant reduction of the associated aryl nitro moiety to nitroso in the molecule. Cytotoxicity screening of the compounds against an array of cancer cells that is, MCF7, HCT116 and A549 demonstrated 0.6 to 9 μM IC50s by few of the compounds. γH2AX immunofluorescence assay of the two most potent molecules from the phenotypic screening with anti‐γ‐H2AX Alexa Fluor 488 antibody revealed extensive DNA damage of the A549 cells which indicated probable PARP inhibition (similar to Perophoramidine). Through molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies the binding efficiency of our compounds with poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP 1) enzyme was determined. Chemiluminescent PARP Assay with Histone‐coated strips indicated that the most active compounds from the phenotypic screening induced PARP‐1 inhibition with IC50s of 1.3→1.5 μM.
Towards the development of a diagnostic test for autism spectrum disorder: Big data meets metabolomics
Authors: Qureshi Fatir , Hahn Juergen
Published: August 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder that results in impairments in social communications and interactions as well as repetitive behaviours. Despite current estimates showing that approximately 2.2% of children are affected in the United States, relatively little about ASD pathophysiology is known in part due to the highly heterogenous presentation of the disorder. Given the limited knowledge into the biological mechanisms governing its aetiology, the diagnosis of ASD is performed exclusively based on an individual's behaviour assessed by a clinician through psychometric tools. Although there is no readily available biochemical test for ASD diagnosis, multivariate statistical methods show considerable potential for effectively leveraging multiple biochemical measurements for classification and characterization purposes. In this work, markers associated with the folate dependent one‐carbon metabolism and transsulfuration (FOCM/TS) pathways analyzed via both Fisher discriminant analysis and support vector machine showed a strong capability to distinguish between ASD and typically developing peers (TD) cohorts. Furthermore, using kernel partial least squares regression it was possible to assess some degree of behavioural severity from metabolomic data. While the results presented need to be replicated in independent future studies, they represent a promising avenue for uncovering clinically relevant ASD biomarkers.
Oxidative physiology is weakly associated with pigmentation in birds
Authors: Marton Attila , Vágási Csongor I. , Vincze Orsolya , Bókony Veronika , Pap Péter L. , Pătraș Laura , Pénzes Janka , Bărbos Lőrinc , Fülöp Attila , Osváth Gergely , Ducatez Simon , Giraudeau Mathieu
Published: August 2022

The mechanistic link between avian oxidative physiology and plumage coloration has attracted considerable attention in past decades. Hence, multiple proximal hypotheses were proposed to explain how oxidative state might covary with the production of melanin and carotenoid pigments. Some hypotheses underscore that these pigments (or their precursors, e.g., glutathione) have antioxidant capacities or function as molecules storing the toxic excess of intracellular compounds, while others highlight that these pigments can act as pro‐oxidants under specific conditions. Most studies addressing these associations are at the intraspecific level, while phylogenetic comparative studies are still scarce, though needed to assess the generality of these associations. Here, we tested whether plumage and bare part coloration were related to oxidative physiology at an interspecific level by measuring five oxidative physiology markers (three nonenzymatic antioxidants and two markers of lipid peroxidative damage) in 1387 individuals of 104 European bird species sampled during the breeding season, and by scoring plumage eumelanin, pheomelanin, and carotenoid content for each sex and species. Only the plasma level of reactive oxygen metabolites was related to melanin coloration, being positively associated with eumelanin score and negatively with pheomelanin score. Thus, our results do not support the role of antioxidant glutathione in driving variation in melanin synthesis across species. Furthermore, the carotenoid scores of feathers and bare parts were unrelated to the measured oxidative physiology parameters, further suggesting that the marked differences in pigmentation across birds does not influence their oxidative state.
Seasonal and ontological variation in diet and age‐related differences in prey choice, by an insectivorous songbird
Authors: Davies Sarah R. , Vaughan Ian P. , Thomas Robert J. , Drake Lorna E. , Marchbank Angela , Symondson William O. C.
Published: August 2022

The diet of an individual animal is subject to change over time, both in response to short‐term food fluctuations and over longer time scales as an individual ages and meets different challenges over its life cycle. A metabarcoding approach was used to elucidate the diet of different life stages of a migratory songbird, the Eurasian reed warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) over the 2017 summer breeding season in Somerset, the United Kingdom. The feces of adult, juvenile, and nestling warblers were screened for invertebrate DNA, enabling the identification of prey species. Dietary analysis was coupled with monitoring of Diptera in the field using yellow sticky traps. Seasonal changes in warbler diet were subtle, whereas age class had a greater influence on overall diet composition. Age classes showed high dietary overlap, but significant dietary differences were mediated through the selection of prey; (i) from different taxonomic groups, (ii) with different habitat origins (aquatic vs. terrestrial), and (iii) of different average approximate sizes. Our results highlight the value of metabarcoding data for enhancing ecological studies of insectivores in dynamic environments.
Diversity beyond demographics: Environmental worldviews of forestry and natural resource undergraduate students
Authors: Cruz Sativa , Batavia Chelsea , Arismendi Ivan , Spalding Ana , Nelson Michael Paul
Published: August 2022

In US academic institutions, efforts often concentrate on enhancing the recruitment of students from underrepresented groups, focusing on gender and/or race. However, little attention has been paid to nondemographic forms of diversity, such as environmental worldviews (i.e., differences in the metaphysical, epistemological, and ethical beliefs that define how humans view, value, and interact with the natural world). Here, we present an exploratory measure of environmental worldview diversity among undergraduate students enrolled in natural resource‐related programs. We tested our procedure at Oregon State University, a large public land‐grant university in the United States. Many students reported metaphysical, epistemological, and/or ethical beliefs that deviate from what has been philosophically characterized as the dominant western worldview of natural resources (anthropocentric, dualistic, hierarchical, utilitarian, and mechanistic). Our results suggest that, although forestry students' environmental worldviews are in some ways more closely aligned with the dominant western worldview than other students in natural resources, generally student worldviews reflect a long‐term generational shift away from a strict resource‐commodity value orientation, as documented in the past research. Our findings highlight the importance of considering environmental worldviews as a dimension of diversity within the new generation of natural resource students. Future efforts toward understanding these levels of difference can be important assets in designing programs that appeal to a wide variety of students, ultimately helping efforts to recruit and retain a diverse pool of aspiring natural resource professionals.
Low‐Cost and Biodegradable Thermoelectric Devices Based on van der Waals Semiconductors on Paper Substrates
Authors: Ersu Gulsum , Munuera Carmen , Mompean Federico J. , Vaquero Daniel , Quereda Jorge , Rodrigues João Elias F. S. , Alonso Jose A. , Flores Eduardo , Ares Jose R. , Ferrer Isabel J. , Al‐Enizi Abdullah M. , Nafady Ayman , Kuriakose Sruthi , Island Joshua O. , Castellanos‐Gomez Andres
Published: August 2022

We present a method to fabricate handcrafted thermoelectric devices on standard office paper substrates. The devices are based on thin films of WS2, Te, and BP (P‐type semiconductors) and TiS3 and TiS2 (N‐type semiconductors), deposited by simply rubbing powder of these materials against paper. The thermoelectric properties of these semiconducting films revealed maximum Seebeck coefficients of (+1.32 ± 0.27) mV K−1 and (−0.82 ± 0.15) mV K−1 for WS2 and TiS3, respectively. Additionally, Peltier elements were fabricated by interconnecting the P‐ and N‐type films with graphite electrodes. A thermopower value up to 6.11 mV K−1 was obtained when the Peltier element were constructed with three junctions. The findings of this work show proof‐of‐concept devices to illustrate the potential application of semiconducting van der Waals materials in future thermoelectric power generation as well as temperature sensing for low‐cost disposable electronic devices.
Characteristic Study of Self‐Powered Sensors Based on Native Protein Composite Film
Authors: Xue Jiehui , Xiang Huijing , Zhang Yanrong , Yang Jun , Cao Xia , Wang Zhonglin
Published: August 2022

Flexible electronic sensors composed of flexible film and conductive materials play an increasingly important role in wearable and internet information transmission. It has received more and more attention and made some progress over the decades. However, it is still a great challenge to prepare biocompatible and highly transparent conductive films. Egg white is a pure natural protein‐rich material. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose has a good compatibility and high transparency, which is an ideal material for flexible sensors. Here, we overcome the problem of poor mechanical flexibility and electrical conductivity of protein, and develop a high transparency and good flexibility hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose/egg white protein composite membrane‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (‘X’‐TENG). The experimental results show that the flexible pressure sensor based on ‘X’‐TENG has a high sensitivity, fast response speed, and low detection limit. It can even be used as a touch/pressure sensing artificial electronic skin. It can also be made into an intelligent waffle keyboard for recording and tracking users of the keyboard. Our strategy may provide a new way to easily build flexible electronic sensors and move toward practical applications.
Synthesis, Structure and Thermal Properties of Volatile Indium and Gallium Triazenides**
Authors: Samii Rouzbeh , Buttera Sydney C. , Kessler Vadim , O'Brien Nathan J.
Published: August 2022

Indium and gallium nitride are important semi‐conductor materials with desirable properties for high‐frequency and power electronics. We have previously demonstrated high‐quality ALD grown InN and GaN using the hexacoordinated 1,3‐diisopropyltriazenide In(III) and Ga(III) precursors. Herein we report the structural and thermal properties their analogues employing combinations of isopropyl, sec‐butyl and tert‐butyltriazenide alkyl groups on the exocyclic nitrogen of the triazenide ligand. The new triazenide compounds were all found to be volatile (80‐120 °C, 0.5 mbar) and showed very good thermal stability (200 and 300 °C). These new triazenide analogues provide a set of precursors whose thermal properties are determined and can be accordingly tailored by strategic choice of exocyclic nitrogen alkyl substituents.
Six‐Component Reactions and Beyond: The Nuts and Bolts
Authors: Hooshmand Seyyed Emad , Yazdani Hossein , Hulme Christopher
Published: August 2022

The deployment of multicomponent reactions (MCRs), defined as containing three or more reactants, not only enjoys pot, atom, and step‐economy in the synthesis of novel complex molecules but also aligns with sustainable chemistry principles as a green symphony. Generally, more components lead to more complexity, and are taken to an extreme ‘‘higher‐order’’ MCRs, where six or even more components react in a one‐pot, have been developed, although they remain scarce compared to their 3, 4 and 5‐component relatives. On this topic, the rich footprint of isocyanides in MCRs has been fruitful in delivering higher order six to eight‐component reactions through mechanistically similar pathways. The present review encompasses a brief history of MCRs and their product utility, followed by a thorough discussion of the principles of reaction design that enabled the discovery of higher‐order MCRs, spanning 6 to 8‐components. Future challenges and opportunities will also be elaborated.