bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Yen Angle and W Angle with ANB Angle, Wits Appraisal, and Beta Angle for Predicting Sagittal Jaw Dysplasia: A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Kapadia Romina M , Diyora Shamil D , Modi Bhumi N
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Sagittal jaw relationship is one of the basic criteria assessed for orthodontic diagnosis. ANB angle, Wits appraisal, and Beta angle are the most commonly used measures. Yen angle and W angle have been recently introduced. It was necessary to assess their predictability by comparing them with routinely used sagittal jaw indicators.

Aim

To assess Yen angle and W angle and compare them with ANB angle, Wits appraisal, and Beta angle in predicting sagittal jaw dysplasia.

Materials and methods

A total of 40 lateral cephalograms of class I malocclusion subjects were selected and traced as per the inclusion criteria. ANB angle, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, Yen angle, and W angle were measured and compared with each other. Statistical analyses used were independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.

Results

ANB angle, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, Yen angle, and W angle all show a significant correlation with each other. Yen angle and W angle show best correlation with ANB angle showing 100% sensitivity. The values of specificity and accuracy of Yen angle with ANB angle are 73.7 and 81.48% respectively, and that of W angle with ANB angle are 44.4 and 67.74% respectively.

Conclusion

Yen angle and W angle show a good correlation with each other and with other three measures. Both the angles show highest correlation with ANB angle and the least correlation with Wits appraisal. Yen angle shows stronger correlation with ANB angle than W angle. Yen angle and W angle can be used to assess sagittal jaw dysplasia in addition to the established angles.

How to cite this article

Kapadia RM, Diyora SD, Shah RB, Modi BN. Comparative Evaluation of Yen Angle and W Angle with ANB Angle, Wits Appraisal, and Beta Angle for Predicting Sagittal Jaw Dysplasia: A Cephalometric Study. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):26-31.
High-dose Accelerated vs Low-dose Frequent Regime of Iron Sucrose Therapy in Antenatal and Postnatal Women with Iron Deficiency
Authors: Anjum Shaheen , Garg Nidhi , Beriwal Sri , Parvez Anjum
Published: October 2019

Objective

To compare an accelerated high-dose (500 mg) vs low-dose (200 mg) regimen of intravenous iron sucrose in a cohort of iron-deficient anemic antenatal patients in terms of efficacy, safety, and compliance.

Materials and methods

In a prospective hospital-based study, antenatal and postnatal women with anemia attending Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, India, between December 2010 and December 2012 were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were all outpatient and admitted anemic antenatal women ≤ 36 weeks gestation and postnatal women with hemoglobin (Hb) below 10 gm/dL, or serum ferritin ≤ 30 μg/L or transferrin saturation ≤ 40% irrespective of prior oral iron therapy. Patients were excluded from the study if they were hemodynamically unstable, actively bleeding, having fever, or were nauseated or vomiting. Participants were assigned to control and study groups according to simple random sampling. Intravenous iron sucrose group I (500 mg)/group II (200 mg) was infused after test dose on alternate days for the calculated total dose in the study population. Blood and iron indices were measured at baseline and after 2 weeks of administration of last dose. The primary outcome of the study was to assess the rise in Hb and safety of high-dose intravenous iron sucrose.

Results

There was a statistically significant increase in Hb level in patients receiving either regimen, with larger mean increase in group I (2.7 ± 0.4) compared with group II (2.25 ± 6.39). Serum iron and serum ferritin also increased in both fortnightly (p < 0.001). Blood transfusion was avoided by 90.1% in severely anemic cases with Hb < 7. Hospital stay was reduced by 50% in group I.

Conclusion

The accelerated regimen of high-dose (500 mg) intravenous iron sucrose in anemic antenatal patients appears to be safe and effective in correcting anemia, restoring iron stores, and avoiding blood transfusion.

How to cite this article

Anjum S, Garg N, Beriwal S, Parvez A. High-dose Accelerated vs Low-dose Frequent Regime of Iron Sucrose Therapy in Antenatal and Postnatal Women with Iron Deficiency. World J Anemia 2017;1(2):31-35.
Sickle Cell Anemia with Megaloblastic Crisis: Deficiency or Demand?
Authors: Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya , Jamthe Ajinkya , Tamhane Ankita
Published: October 2019

Megaloblastic erythropoiesis has been associated with hemolytic anemias. Sickle cell disease (SCD) presenting as megaloblastosis is a rare phenomenon. We present a case of sickle cell anemia presenting with painful crisis along with megaloblastic blood picture.

How to cite this article

Acharya S, Shukla S, Jamthe A, Tamhane A. Sickle Cell Anemia with Megaloblastic Crisis: Deficiency or Demand? World J Anemia 2017;1(2):63-64.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in relation to central obesity in children with sleep disordered breathing
Authors: Bahgat Karima , Elhady Marwa , Alkholy Tawfik , Elgaber Fatma , Shipl Walaa , Gobarah Ayman
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) represents common comorbidities of childhood obesity leading to interrupted sleep and sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation alters secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is an appetite regulator. However, little is known about the relation between BDNF and central obesity in children with SDB. The aim of the study was to evaluate BDNF level and anthropometric indices in relation to SDB in children with obesity

Material and methods

A prospective case-control study was conducted on 30 children with obesity (BMI > 95th percentile) and 30 healthy lean children (BMI 5th-85th percentile). Polysomnographic, anthropometric data and BDNF serum level were obtained from all included children. Serum level of BDNF and anthropometric indices of obesity were assessed in relation to SDB in children with obesity. Regression analysis was done to determine predictors for SDB in children with obesity.

Results

In comparison to healthy controls, anthropometric indices of central obesity were significantly higher while BDNF was significantly lower in obese children, especially those with SDB. Respiratory disturbance index has a significant positive correlation with anthropometric indices of central obesity and a significant negative correlation with BDNF level. Central obesity and decreased BDNF were associated with 2-fold increased risk for SDB. Waist circumference/height ratio and neck circumference/height ratio have 89.5%, 75% sensitivity and 81.23%, 84.62% specificity at a cutoff point > 0.62, > 0.24 respectively for prediction of SDB in children with obesity.

Conclusions

Central obesity and decreased BDNF represent independent predictors for SDB in children with obesity. Anthropometric indices adjusted to height are a simple screening tool for SDB in obese children.
Correlation of acute pulmonal embolism with D-dimer levels and the diameter of the pulmonary trunk in thoracic multislice computed tomography. A single-centre retrospective analysis of 100 patients
Authors: Stuppner Sigmund , Ruiu Antonio
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the correlation between D-dimer levels in positive thrombo­embolic thoracic computed tomography (CT) with the diameter of the pulmonary trunk and to study the relation between the D-dimer and the uni- or bilateralism of the lesions and the presence of pulmonal trunk involvement. We also analysed gender-specific differences in patients with and without dilatation of the pulmonal trunk.

Material and methods

A total of 100 acute care patients (50 men and 50 women) with positive thromboembolic multiple detector computed tomography of the thorax, performed on two modern CT scanners, were retrospectively studied. All thoracic CTs were evaluated by two expert radiologists, with attention paid to the diameter of the pulmonary trunk and the correlation of D-dimer level with the uni-or bilateralism of the lesions. We also analysed sex-specific correlations. All patients underwent multislice computed tomography-examination after applying 70 ml iodinated non-ionic contrast media. Graphpad Prism 8.1.1 software was used for statistical data.

Results

The “strongest” weak correlation resulted between D-dimer levels and the axial diameter of the pulmonal trunk. Considering the correlation between the axial diameter of the pulmonal trunk and gender-related distributions, we found that female patients had higher axial diameters than men. Another weak relationship, almost zero, was found between the D-dimer level and gender. Regarding the correlation between the uni- or bilateralism of thromboembolism and the D-dimer levels, we also found a weak correlation.

Conclusions

This retrospective study showed that D-dimer levels, the diameter of the pulmonal trunk, the location, and gender-related distributions have almost no correlation and are not significantly predictive in imaging.
Comprehensive isoprene and terpene chemistry improves simulated surface ozone in the southeastern U.S.
Authors: Schwantes Rebecca H. , Emmons Louisa K. , Orlando John J. , Barth Mary C. , Tyndall Geoffrey S. , Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , St. Clair Jason M. , Blake Donald R. , Wisthaler Armin , Bui ThaoPaul V.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Ozone is a greenhouse gas and air pollutant that is harmful to human health and plants. During the summer in the southeastern U.S., many regional and global models are biased high for surface ozone compared to observations. Past studies have suggested different solutions including the need for updates to model representation of clouds, chemistry, ozone deposition, and emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) or biogenic hydrocarbons. Here due to the high biogenic emissions in the southeastern U.S., more comprehensive and updated isoprene and terpene chemistry is added into CESMTM/CAM-chem (Community Earth System Model/Community Atmosphere Model with chemistry) to evaluate the impact of chemistry on simulated ozone. Comparisons of the model results with data collected during the Studies of Emissions Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) field campaign and U.S. EPA CASTNET monitoring stations confirm the updated chemistry improves simulated surface ozone, ozone precursors, and NOx reservoir compounds. The isoprene and terpene chemistry updates reduce the bias in the daily maximum 8-hr average (MDA8) surface ozone by up to 7 ppb. In the past, terpene oxidation in particular has been ignored or heavily reduced in chemical schemes used in many regional and global models, and this study demonstrates comprehensive isoprene and terpene chemistry is needed to reduce surface ozone model biases. Sensitivity tests were performed in order to evaluate the impact of lingering uncertainties in isoprene and terpene oxidation on ozone. Results suggest that even though isoprene emissions are higher than terpene emissions in the southeastern U.S., remaining uncertainties in isoprene and terpene oxidation have similar impacts on ozone due to lower uncertainties in isoprene oxidation. Additionally, this study identifies the need for further constraints on aerosol uptake of organic nitrates derived from isoprene and terpenes in order to reduce uncertainty in simulated ozone.
The Analysis of Conflict on Implementing Spatial Policy in Tourism Sustainability Develoment Geopark Rinjani-lombok West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Bachry Johan
Published: October 2019

This research was conducted in the Geopark Rinjani Lombok Area by looking at the extent to which Regional Regulation No.3 of 2010 was implemented, how the conflict was and its solutions and how a conflict resolution model was found and recommended to be implemented. This research uses descriptive, exploratory and participatory methods with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data collected by interviewing informants and respondents as well as observing and documenting. The data analyzed by: Overlay map analysis, descriptive analysis, and scoring analysis.The result of this study are: 1) It is known that the implementation level of spatial policy is at a fairly good level based on an assessment of the four aspects mentioned by George Edward III namely communication, bureaucratic structure, disposition, and resources. 2) Several types of conflicts were found, namely conflicts over spatial use (Spatial conflicts) and conflicts of authority. 3) Conflict resolution models carried out by the implementor in implementing Regional Regulation on Spatial Planning, namely legalicy model, persuasive/negotiation model, demolition model, socio-cultural approach model, coordination and synchronization model. 4) Researcher formulate an integrative-participatory solution model to resolve conflicts in spatial policy implementation in the Geopark Rinjani Lombok Area. This study also analyzed the implications of the results of the research on the conflict theory proposed by Johan Galtung.
Desencuentros culturales en la novela Columpio al aire del escritor Lisandro Chávez Alfaro
Authors: Rodríguez Rosales Isolda
Published: October 2019

La novela Columpio al Aire, define y delimita los territorios culturales del Caribe Nicaragüense. Identifica y denuncia la intervención de los invasores al intentar conculcar los valores patrimoniales de la Nación, y centro de la historia narrada con abordaje de exclusión y manifiestos abusos culturales. La religión, la libertad de enseñanza en lengua madre, recuperar las tradiciones, lanzadas por el invasor a la pendiente de la disolución, son las expectativas del resurgimiento de los valores.
The Effect of Different Musical Rhythms on Anaerobic Abilities in Taekwondo Athletes
Authors: Hammad Rami , Baker Amro Abu , Schatte Julika , Alqaraan Adnan , Almulla Ahmad , Hammad Saleh
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different musical rhythms on taekwondo athletes. The variance in athletes’ anaerobic abilities performed under slow and fast musical rhythms was tested in the study presented. Previous studies have demonstrated how music may cause physiological responses before, during, or after different types of exercises. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of music played in two different rhythms (slow 80 b/m, and fast 200 b/m) during anaerobic exercises by measuring four specific physiological variables: heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), blood lactate (BL), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Additionally, the peak power of each athlete was assessed. Ten black-belt taekwondo male athletes (average age 20.38±1.51) performed for 30 seconds at their maximum anaerobic power on a Monarch Ergonomic that was connected to the Wingate test.

The RPE indicated significant differences with a probability value of 0.014 when measured two minutes after the testing. Measurements of heart rate, blood lactate, and diastolic blood pressure after exposure to slow and fast rhythms did not show significant differences. While it has been shown in previous research that the human body tends to synchronize with rhythmic elements of music, this only holds true for exposure to specific rhythms after a longer period of time. The study conducted was based on exposure to different rhythms for only 30 seconds, which may be why these variables did not differ significantly. Yet, results for systolic blood pressure proved significantly different for fast and slow musical rhythms with a probability value of 0.0004. 
Fatty Acid Composition of Oil from Groundnuts and Oyster Nuts Grown in Uganda
Authors: Musalima Juliet Hatoho , Ogwok Patrick , Mugampoza Diriisa
Published: October 2019

This study determined the fatty acid (FA) composition of oil from groundnuts and oyster nuts in Uganda. The FA composition was determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry with FID. Oil from groundnuts contained 39.71 to 55.89% oleic, 20.21 to 35.59% linoleic and 11.91 to 17.16% palmitic acids. Oil from Serenut cultivars contained cis 11-eicosenoic acid (C20.1), cis 11, 14 eicosadienoic acid (C20.2) and cis 11, 14, 17 eicosatrienoic acid (C20.3ω3) which were not detected in traditional cultivars. Oyster nut oil was high in linoleic acid at 41.02 to 44.86% and palmitic acid at 33.58 to 38.11% while oleic acid was low with amounts <10%. The polyunsaturated to saturated FA ratios of oil from groundnuts and oyster nuts were >0.45, the minimum recommended by FAO. The atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic indices (TI) of <1 and the hypocholesterolemic to hypercholesterolemic index (h/H) of >4 in groundnut oil were favorable for cardiovascular health. Indices for oyster nut oil were ≤1for AI and >1for TI. The h/H was low compared to that of groundnut oil. Results showed little distinction between the FA compositions of oil from traditional and improved groundnuts suggesting that breeding may not have significant effect on major FAs. Oyster nut oil contained saturated and unsaturated FA in a ratio of 1:1. The lipid health indices for groundnut oil were within recommendations while those of oyster nuts were less desirable. Oyster nut oil should therefore be consumed with moderation.
Verwaltungswissenschaften, Öffentliche Sicherheitsverwaltung und Polizei
Authors: Lange Hans-Jürgen
Published: October 2019

Der Beitrag behandelt den Diskussionsverlauf der zurückliegenden Jahre in der Polizeiwissenschaft und Polizeiforschung. Es geht hierbei um die Kernfrage, inwieweit eine Forschung für, über oder zur Polizei in Gestalt einer eigenständigen Wissenschaftsdisziplin erfolgen kann oder darauf angewiesen ist, im Verbund mit anderen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen an der Sicherheits- und Polizeithematik zu arbeiten. Die DHPol, die als universitäre Hochschule in Deutschland den höheren Dienst der Polizeien der Länder und des Bundes aus- und fortbildet sowie ihren Forschungsschwerpunkt in der Sicherheitsund Polizeithematik setzt, sieht in der Entwicklung eines integrativen Ansatzes der Verwaltungs- und Polizeiwissenschaft die Möglichkeit, die Forschung zur Öffentlichen Sicherheit und zur Polizei zu intensivieren und eine breitere wissenschaftliche Diskussion über die Entwicklung der Öffentlichen Sicherheitsverwaltung insgesamt zu führen.
Performance Management bei der Polizei – wie Führungskräfte Informationssysteme nutzen
Authors: Ritsert Rolf , Evers Michael
Published: October 2019

Der Beitrag analysiert wie Führungskräfte von vier Polizeien Führungsinformationen nutzen und welche Faktoren das Nutzungsverhalten beeinflussen. Viele Polizeien haben ihre Führungs- und Organisationssysteme im Sinne eines Performance Managements ergebnis- und wirkungsorientiert ausgerichtet und komplexe Führungsinformationssysteme aufgebaut. Der Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse von fünf Studien mit quantitativer und/oder qualitativer Methodik zusammen. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Führungskräfte die Informationen primär zur Wissenserweiterung, nachrangig zur Entscheidungsdurchsetzung und weniger zur Entscheidungsfindung nutzen. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, Konzepte nicht isoliert, sondern umfassend unter Berücksichtigung von Kultur und Strategie der Organisation einzuführen. Zudem ergeben sich daraus grundlegende Empfehlungen für die Einführung und Konzeption von Führungsinformationssystemen.
LDB 1996 vinte anos depois: projetos educacionais em disputa
Authors: Gumieiro Angela Hess
Published: October 2019

Resenha do livro LDB 1996 vinte anos depois: projetos educacionais em disputa
Complexes of elliptic cylinders with a characteristic
manifold of the generator element in the form of coordinate
straight lines
Authors: Kretov M.
Published: October 2019

The complex (three-parameter family) of elliptic cylinders is investigated in the three-dimensional affine space, in which the characteristic multiplicity of the forming element consists of three coordinate axes. The focal variety of the forming element of the considered variety is geometrically characterized. Geometric properties of the complex under study were obtained. It is shown that the studied manifold exists and is determined by a completely integrable system of differential equations. It is proved that the focal variety of the forming element of the complex consists of four geometrically characterized points. The center of the ray of the straight-line congruence of the axes of the cylinder, the indicatrix of the second coordinate vector, the second coordinate line and one of the coordinate planes are fixed. The indicatrix of the first coordinate vector describes a one-parameter family of lines with tangents parallel to the second coordinate vector. The end of the first coordinate vector describes a one-parameter family of lines with tangents parallel to the third coordinate vector. The indicatrix of the third coordinate vector and its end describe congruences of planes parallel to the first coordinate plane. The points of the first coordinate line and the first coordinate plane describe one-parameter families of planes parallel to the coordinate plane indicated above.
Examples of surfaces of constant mean curvature
Authors: Cheshkova M. A.
Published: October 2019

A surface in E3 is called parallel to the surface M if it consists of the ends of constant length segments, laid on the normals to the surfaces M at points of this surface. The tangent planes at the corresponding points will be parallel. For surfaces in E3 the theorem of Bonnet holds: for any surface M that has constant positive Gaussian curvature, there exists a surface parallel to it with a constant mean curvature. Using Bonnet's theorem for a surfaces of revolution of constant positive Gaussian curvature, surfaces of constant mean curvature are constructed. It is proved that they are also surfaces of revolution. A family of plane curvature lines (meridians) is described by means of elliptic integrals. The surfaces of constant Gaussian curvature are also described by means of elliptic integrals. Using the mathematical software package, the surfaces under consideration are constructed.
Per una storia dell’Università nelle raccolte museali: il Museo per la Storia dell’Università di Pavia e il Museo Europeo degli Studenti di Bologna
Authors: Pomante Luigiaurelio
Published: October 2019

Il presente contributo intende focalizzare la propria attenzione su una specifica tipologia di istituzione Universitaria, e cioè i musei per la storia dell’Università. In Italia, nonostante la tradizione ultrasecolare dell’Università, ne esistono solo due, il Museo per la Storia dell’Università di Pavia e il Museo Europeo degli Studenti di Bologna. Finora poco studiati, sono senza dubbio un esperimento riuscito di musealizzazione del patrimonio librario, fotografico e iconografico che documenta, celebra e valorizza la storia dell'Università.Parole chiave: Storia dell’Università. Storia dell’Educazione. Storiografia. Storia degli studenti. Italia.
As fontes para uma história das práticas educativas nas escolas italianas no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil): da colonização ao período varguista
Authors: Barausse Alberto
Published: October 2019

Memórias e relatórios didáticos elaborados por professores são fontes úteis para elucidar características das práticas educativas e didáticas e são colocadas entre as formas de escrita profissional que hoje compõem o complexo arcabouço da memória escolar e o tipo de documentos que Viñao Frago classifica como “ego documentos”. O estudo de caso que pretendemos apresentar é o referente às memórias e relações produzidas por alguns professores nas escolas italianas no Brasil entre o início da colonização e a queda do fascismo, com um foco específico naqueles produzidos por dois professores italianos que ocuparam o cargo de mestre nas escolas étnicas da quarta colônia Silveira Martins e nas escolas ítalo-brasileiras de Porto Alegre, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Antonio Ceretta emigrou para o Rio Grande do Sul em 1880 e, por várias décadas, exerceu a função de professor escrevendo duas importantes memórias; Luigi Ledda chegou à capital do estado gaúcho em 1932 e, durante seus cinco anos de atividades, produziu documentação significativa que auxilia, hoje, a aprofundar as práticas educacionais desenvolvidas dentro de um contexto escolar muito particular. Memórias e relatos produzidos pelos professores são escritos que, do ponto de vista metodológico, devem ser decodificados e interpretados para incluir, também, aquele conjunto de práticas pedagógicas e educativas que estiveram na base das atividades orientadas para a representação da cultura italiana promovida por instituições escolares presentes na área rural e na capital do estado do Rio Grande do Sul.Palavras-chave: Memórias profissionais. Práticas educativas. Escolas étnicas italianas no Brasil. Educação e fascismo no Rio Grande do Sul.
Cadernos escolares: memórias das práticas educativas do curso primário de uma escola confessional do Sul do Brasil na década de 1950
Authors: Vechia Ariclê , Ferreira António Gomes
Published: October 2019

O caderno escolar tem-se revelado importante fonte para se conhecer aspectos da “caixa-preta” de uma instituição escolar, porquanto ela permite olhar as práticas através dos registros feitos pelo aluno/a e professor/a. Os cadernos, portanto, podem auxiliar na elucidação do cotidiano escolar, em diferentes épocas e espaços. Este estudo tem por objetivo desvelar aspectos das práticas educativas de uma escola confessional das Irmãs Salesianas no Sul do Brasil, na década de 1950, a partir de uma coleção de cadernos pertencentes a uma aluna que cursou o ensino primário na referida instituição. A análise dos mesmos mostra que, nos dois anos iniciais, os alunos aprendiam basicamente noções de aritmética, linguagem e religião bem como as técnicas do uso do lápis e do caderno e as habilidades da escrita. Nos cadernos dos anos subsequentes é possível observar que as aulas contemplavam o ensino dos saberes tais como os de Geografia, História, Desenho, Caligrafia e estudos mais avançados de Religião. Revelam esses materiais o recurso a exercícios rotineiros como cópias, formação de frases, ditados, questionários, resolução de contas e problemas de aritmética. O uso constante de cadernos de rascunho ou de classe e cadernos a limpo e as múltiplas tarefas para casa, revelam aspectos do percurso trilhado pela aluna em sua aprendizagem. Todavia, importa analisar o conteúdo desses materiais com precaução e em articulação com outras fontes, porquanto estas não são um testemunho pedagógico inequívoco.Palavras-chave: Cadernos escolares. Escola confessional. Prática educativa. Ensino primário.
Thin channel β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs with self-aligned refractory metal gates
Authors: Liddy Kyle J. , Green Andrew J. , Hendricks Nolan S. , Heller Eric R. , Moser Neil A. , Leedy Kevin D. , Popp Andreas , Lindquist Miles T. , Tetlak Stephen E. , Wagner Günter , Chabak Kelson D. , Jessen Gregg H.
Published: October 2019

We report the first demonstration of self-aligned gate (SAG) β-Ga2O3 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) as a path toward eliminating source access resistance for low-loss power applications. The SAG process is implemented with a subtractively defined and etched refractory metal, such as Tungsten, combined with ion-implantation. We report experimental and modeled DC performance of a representative SAG device that achieved a maximum transconductance of 35 mS mm−1 and an on-resistance of ∼30 Ω mm with a 2.5 μm gate length. These results highlight the advantage of implant technology for SAG β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs enabling future power switching and RF devices with low parasitic resistance.
Spatio-temporal stable isotope variation of a benthic primary consumer in a simple food web in a strongly acidic lake
Authors: Doi Hideyuki , Kikuchi Eisuke , Takagi Shigeto , Shikano Shuichi
Published: October 2019

Analysis of aquatic food webs is typically undertaken using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition of consumer and producer species. However, the trophic consequences of spatio-temporal variation in the isotope composition of consumers have not been well evaluated. Lake Katanuma, Japan, is highly acidic and has only one dominant species of benthic alga and one planktonic microalga, making it a prime system for studying trophic relationships between primary consumers and producers. In this simple lake food web, we conducted a field survey to evaluate spatial and temporal variation in the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition of a chironomid larvae in association with a single benthic and planktonic alga. We found a significant correlation between carbon stable isotope ratios of the chironomid larvae and the benthic diatom species in the lake. Thus, chironomid larvae may represent a reliable isotopic baseline for estimating isotope values in benthic diatoms. However, although the correlation held in shallow water, at four m depths, there was no significant relationship between the isotope ratios of chironomids and benthic diatoms, probably because deep-water larvae spend part of their life cycle migrating from the lake shore to deeper water. The differing isotope ratios of deeper chironomid tissues likely reflect the feeding history of individuals during this migration.
Dual‐input tracer kinetic modeling of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in thoracic malignancies
Authors: Lee Sang Ho , Rimner Andreas , Deasy Joseph O. , Hunt Margie A. , Tyagi Neelam
Published: October 2019

Pulmonary perfusion with dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE‐) MRI is typically assessed using a single‐input tracer kinetic model. Preliminary studies based on perfusion CT are indicating that dual‐input perfusion modeling of lung tumors may be clinically valuable as lung tumors have a dual blood supply from the pulmonary and aortic system. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of fitting dual‐input tracer kinetic models to DCE‐MRI datasets of thoracic malignancies, including malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), by comparing them to single‐input (pulmonary or systemic arterial input) tracer kinetic models for the voxel‐level analysis within the tumor with respect to goodness‐of‐fit statistics. Fifteen patients (five MPM, ten NSCLC) underwent DCE‐MRI prior to radiotherapy. DCE‐MRI data were analyzed using five different single‐ or dual‐input tracer kinetic models: Tofts‐Kety (TK), extended TK (ETK), two compartment exchange (2CX), adiabatic approximation to the tissue homogeneity (AATH) and distributed parameter (DP) models. The pulmonary blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), permeability‐surface area product (PS), fractional interstitial volume (vI), and volume transfer constant (KTrans) were calculated for both single‐ and dual‐input models. The pulmonary arterial flow fraction (γ), pulmonary arterial blood flow (BFPA) and systemic arterial blood flow (BFA) were additionally calculated for only dual‐input models. The competing models were ranked and their Akaike weights were calculated for each voxel according to corrected Akaike information criterion (cAIC). The optimal model was chosen based on the lowest cAIC value. In both types of tumors, all five dual‐input models yielded lower cAIC values than their corresponding single‐input models. The 2CX model was the best‐fitted model and most optimal in describing tracer kinetic behavior to assess microvascular properties in both MPM and NSCLC. The dual‐input 2CX‐model‐derived BFA was the most significant parameter in differentiating adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma histology for NSCLC patients.
Peripheral immune biomarkers and neurodegenerative diseases: A prospective cohort study with 20 years of follow‐up
Authors: Yazdani Solmaz , Mariosa Daniela , Hammar Niklas , Andersson John , Ingre Caroline , Walldius Göran , Fang Fang
Published: October 2019

Objective

To assess the associations of several blood immune biomarkers with the future risks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson disease in a prospective cohort study with 20 years of follow‐up.

Methods

The Swedish Apolipoprotein‐Related Mortality Risk study is a longitudinal cohort study including 812,073 participants with repeated blood biomarker measurements between 1985 and 1996 and a follow‐up until 2011. Using a Cox model, we first estimated hazard ratios of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson disease in relation to leukocytes, immunoglobulin G, haptoglobin, and uric acid. We further described the temporal changes of these biomarkers during the 20 years prior to the diagnosis of these diseases.

Results

A total of 585 incident cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 3,769 incident cases of Parkinson disease were identified during the follow‐up. Increasing concentrations of leukocytes, haptoglobin, and uric acid were associated with a lower risk of Parkinson disease. No statistically significant association was, however, noted between the studied biomarkers and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Parkinson disease patients appeared to have lower levels of leukocytes and haptoglobin between 20 and 10 years before diagnosis and lower levels of uric acid during the 20 years before diagnosis, compared to controls, although statistically significant differences were only noted during parts of the respective time intervals after multivariable adjustment. No clear differences were noted between patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and controls.

Interpretation

If verified in studies of independent populations, our findings may suggest a different role of systemic inflammation on the risk of Parkinson disease compared to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:913–926
Hybrid Metal Halides with Multiple Photoluminescence Centers
Authors: Li Mingze , Zhou Jun , Zhou Guojun , Molokeev Maxim S. , Zhao Jing , Morad Viktoriia , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Xia Zhiguo
Published: October 2019

Very little is known about the realm of solid‐state metal halide compounds comprising two or more halometalate anions. Such compounds would be of great interest if their optical and electronic properties could be rationally designed. Herein, we report a new example of metal halide cluster‐assembled compound (C9NH20)9[Pb3Br11](MnBr4)2, featuring distinctly different anionic polyhedra, namely, a rare lead halide cluster [Pb3Br11]5− and [MnBr4]2−. In accordance with its multinary zero‐dimensional (0D) structure, this compound is found to contain two distinct emission centers, 565 nm and 528 nm, resulting from the formation of self‐trapped excitons and 4T1‐6A1 transition of Mn2+ ions, respectively. Based on the high durability of (C9NH20)9[Pb3Br11](MnBr4)2 upon light and heat, as well as high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 49.8 % under 450 nm blue light excitation, white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) are fabricated, showcasing its potential in backlight application.
A Renal‐Clearable Duplex Optical Reporter for Real‐Time Imaging of Contrast‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Huang Jiaguo , Lyu Yan , Li Jingchao , Cheng Penghui , Jiang Yuyan , Pu Kanyi
Published: October 2019

Despite its high morbidity and mortality, contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) remains a diagnostic dilemma because it relies on in vitro detection of insensitive late‐stage blood and urinary biomarkers. We report the synthesis of an activatable duplex reporter (ADR) for real‐time in vivo imaging of CIAKI. ADR is equipped with chemiluminescence and near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) signaling channels that can be activated by oxidative stress (superoxide anion, O2.−) and lysosomal damage (N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase, NAG), respectively. By virtue of its high renal clearance efficiency (80 % injected doses after 24 h injection), ADR detects sequential upregulation of O2.− and NAG in the kidneys of living mice prior to a significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tissue damage in the course of CIAKI. ADR outperforms the typical clinical assays and detects CIAKI at least 8 h (NIRF) and up to 16 h (chemiluminescence) earlier.
Rational Tuning of Zirconium Metal–Organic Framework Membranes for Hydrogen Purification
Authors: Ghalei Behnam , Wakimoto Kazuki , Wu Chih Yi , Isfahani Ali Pournaghshband , Yamamoto Takuma , Sakurai Kento , Higuchi Masakazu , Chang Bor Kae , Kitagawa Susumu , Sivaniah Easan
Published: October 2019

The effect of organic ligands on the separation performance of Zr based metal–organic framework (Zr‐MOF) membranes was investigated. A series of Zr‐MOF membranes with different ligand chemistry and functionality were synthesized by an in situ solvothermal method and a coordination modulation technique. The thin supported MOF layers (ca. 1 μm) showed the crystallographic orientation and pore structure of original MOF structures. The MOF membranes show excellent selectivity towards hydrogen owing to the molecular sieving effect when the bulkier linkers were used. The molecular simulation confirmed that the constricted pore apertures of the Zr‐MOFs which were formed by the additional benzene rings lead to the decrease in the diffusivity of larger penetrants while hydrogen was not remarkably affected. The gas mixture separation factors of the MOF membranes reached to H2/CO2=26, H2/N2=13, H2/CH4=11.
Development of blown film linear low‐density polyethylene–clay nanocomposites: Part A: Manufacturing process and morphology
Authors: Said Melissa , Seif Sylvain , Challita Georges
Published: October 2019

In this study, linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/clay nanocomposites with different clay contents were prepared by melt intercalation using two different compatibilizers: maleic anhydride grafted styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE‐g‐MA). Melt intercalation was achieved by twin extrusion and nanocomposite films were produced by blown film extrusion. Effects of clay and compatibilizer fractions and type of compatibilizer on the structure, permeability, and the barrier properties of the nanocomposite films were investigated. PE‐g‐MA was shown to notably improve the dispersion of clay layers in the polyethylene matrix, and this was examined by atomic force microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The latter tests have also highlighted the importance of the screw configuration: the presence of mixing elements favors the dispersion and distribution of nanoclay. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry results have shown no significant effect of the clay on the crystallinity of the composite while thermogravimetric analysis tests have demonstrated a decrease of onset and peak of decomposition temperatures. Finally, barrier properties toward water vapor transmission were measured. It was proven that not also clay, but the compatibilizer participated in decreasing the permeability of the film. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48589.
Compartmentalization within Nanofibers of Double‐Decker Phthalocyanine Induces High‐Performance Sensing in both Aqueous Solution and the Gas Phase
Authors: Jiang Yuying , Wang Chiming , Lu Guang , Zhao Luyang , Gong Lei , Wang Tianyu , Qi Dongdong , Chen Yanli , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: October 2019

The functionalization of natural 1D architectures is dependent on hierarchically inner nanostructures. However, the artificial supramolecular nanofibers or nanotubes were rarely developed with complex inner structures. Inspired by a biomimetic strategy, single‐molecule‐diameter nanofibers of double‐decker phthalocyanine (EuPc2) with compartmentalized internal space and fantastic electrochemical features were developed upon air/water interfacial assembly with poly‐l‐lysine. EuPc2/poly‐l‐lysine nanofibers can be electrochemical sensors both in water and the gas phase and have the best analytical performances for nitrite among all the porphyrins or phthalocyanines monomers and assemblies. Imbedding nitrite in compartments not only promotes the sensing but also changes the supramolecular chirality of nanofibers, and the morphological‐dependent sensing properties of EuPc2 assemblies in water are different from that in the gas phase. These results suggest the unprecedented properties for diverse applications of artificial 1D architectures containing complex inner nanostructures.
Detection and Characterization of a Novel Copper‐Dependent Intermediate in a Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase
Authors: Singh Raushan K. , Blossom Benedikt M. , Russo David A. , Singh Ranjitha , Weihe Høgni , Andersen Niels H. , Tiwari Manish K. , Jensen Poul E. , Felby Claus , Bjerrum Morten J.
Published: October 2019

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper‐containing enzymes capable of oxidizing crystalline cellulose which have large practical application in the process of refining biomass. The catalytic mechanism of LPMOs still remains debated despite several proposed reaction mechanisms. Here, we report a long‐lived intermediate (t1/2=6–8 minutes) observed in an LPMO from Thermoascus aurantiacus (TaLPMO9A). The intermediate with a strong absorption around 420 nm is formed when reduced LPMO‐CuI reacts with sub‐equimolar amounts of H2O2. UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, resonance Raman and stopped‐flow spectroscopy suggest that the observed long‐lived intermediate involves the copper center and a nearby tyrosine (Tyr175). Additionally, activity assays in the presence of sub‐equimolar amounts of H2O2 showed an increase in the LPMO oxidation of phosphoric acid swollen cellulose. Accordingly, this suggests that the long‐lived copper‐dependent intermediate could be part of the catalytic mechanism for LPMOs. The observed intermediate offers a new perspective into the oxidative reaction mechanism of TaLPMO9A and hence for the biomass oxidation and the reactivity of copper in biological systems.
Constricted spatiotemporal foraging of the regenerating salamander, Bolitoglossa mombachoensis
Authors: Mendieta Donaire Roger A. , Zolotoff Pallais Jose M. , Chung Ji Suk , Cobos Rizo Maria A. , De los Santos Rosales Marcelo , Jun Lee Jiehong , Sandino Jaen Roberto M. , Ketelhohn Clancy Elinor M. , Casco‐Robles Martin M.
Published: October 2019

Bolitoglossa mombachoensis is an endemic neotropical salamander of the Mombacho Volcano, Nicaragua. Canopy communities within the tropics are hubs for biodiversity, and many tropical plethodontids have a foraging preference for epiphytic plants, such as bromeliads, which provide moist microclimates for shelter, foraging, and nesting. Habitat loss continues to be the biggest threat to amphibians worldwide. This species is highly dependent on nocturnal arboreal climbing. We describe their plant preference, which extends beyond bromeliads, and their arboreal dependence used for refuge and foraging. Foraging behavior is constricted to nighttime, plant availability, geography, and altitude.
Discrimination and Provenances of Phoenician Red Slip Ware Using both the Solid State Electrochemistry and Petrographic Analyses
Authors: Fabrizi Lucilla , Nigro Lorenzo , Cappella Federico , Spagnoli Federica , Guirguis Michele , Niveau de Villedary y Mariñas Ana Maria , Doménech‐Carbó María Teresa , De Vito Caterina , Doménech‐Carbó Antonio
Published: October 2019

Solid state electrochemistry based on the voltammetry of immobilized microparticles (VIMP) methodology is applied to a series of 80 Phoenician Red Slip samples from the archaeological sites of Motya (Sicily, Italy), Mogador (Morocco), Ramat‐Rahel (Israel), Sulky (Sardinia, Italy), Tas Silg (Malta), Pantelleria (Italy), and Cádiz (Spain), dated from the 8th to the 6th century BC. Upon attachment of sub‐microsamples to graphite electrodes in contact with aqueous H2SO4 electrolyte, voltammetric features due to the reduction of Fe(III) minerals and the oxidation of Fe(II) ones, complemented with electrocatalytic effects on oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions, provide characteristic electrochemical fingerprints for pottery samples. A consistent sample grouping discriminating between different potteries from different archaelogical sites, is obtained, all results being consistent with morphological, compositional and mineralogical data. Petrographic analysis supports the grouping, defining the manufacture and firing procedure for the different archaeological context.
Flow toxicity of high‐frequency trading and its impact on price volatility: Evidence from the KOSPI 200 futures market
Authors: Kang Jangkoo , Kwon Kyung Yoon , Kim Wooyeon
Published: October 2019

Abstrast

We examine the relation between high‐frequency trading, flow toxicity, and short‐term volatility during both normal and stressful periods. Using transaction data for the Korea Composite Stock Price Index 200 (KOSPI 200) futures, we find the Volume‐Synchronized Probability of Informed Trading (VPIN) useful in measuring flow toxicity as it predicts short‐term volatility effectively. We further show that high‐frequency trading is negatively related to VPIN and short‐term volatility during normal times but has a positive association during stressful periods. Finally, we advocate the use of bulk‐volume classification (BVC) by presenting evidence that the initiator identified by BVC trades at more favorable prices than the true trade initiator.
Investigation of binding mechanism and downregulation of elacestrant for wild and L536S mutant estrogen receptor‐α through molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy analysis
Authors: Chinnasamy Kalaiarasi , Saravanan Manjula , Poomani Kumaradhas
Published: October 2019

The selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) are the new emerging class of drugs that are used for the treatment of endocrine resistance breast cancer. Elacestrant (ELA) is a new SERD, currently it is in phase II clinical trial. To understand the ELA–ERα interactions, the molecular docking analysis has been carried out. The ELA molecule binds with the helices H3, H5, H6, and H11 and forms important intermolecular interactions. In addition to this, the tetrahydronapthalene and phenyl rings of ELA are forming T‐shaped π···π interactions with the Phe404 and Trp383 residues. Further to understand the stability and flexibility of ELA molecule in the active site of wild and mutated L536S ERα, 100ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed for both complexes. Interestingly, the MD analysis of wild complex revealed an interaction between ELA and the Asn532 of H11, which is an essential interaction for the downregulation/degradation of ERα, whereas this interaction is not observed in the mutated complex. The drug binding mechanism and H12 dynamics have been elucidated from the analysis of hydrogen bonding interactions and the secondary structure analysis. To explore the binding affinity of ELA molecule, the binding free energy and normal mode analyses were carried out. The per residue decomposition analysis also performed, which shows the contribution of individual amino acids. The principal component analysis and residue interaction network analysis were used to identify the modifications and the interaction between the residues. From the results of different analysis, the inhibition mechanism and downregulation of ERα–ELA complex has been investigated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.