bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Energy Harvester from Vibrations Based on Bacterial Cellulose
Authors: Trigona Carlo , Graziani Salvatore , Di Pasquale Giovanna , Pollicino Antonino , Nisi Rossella , Licciulli Antonio
Published: December 2019

A bio-derived power harvester from mechanical vibrations is here proposed. The harvester aims at using greener fabrication technologies and reducing the dependence from carbon-based fossil energy sources. The proposed harvester consists mainly of biodegradable matters. It is based on bacterial cellulose, produced by some kind of bacteria, in a sort of bio-factory. The cellulose is further impregnated with ionic liquids and covered with conducting polymers. Due to the mechanoelectrical transduction properties of the composite, an electrical signal is produced at the electrodes, when a mechanical deformation is imposed. Experimental results show that the proposed system is capable of delivering electrical energy on a resistive load. Applications can be envisaged on autonomous or quasi-autonomous electronics, such as wireless sensor networks, distributed measurement systems, wearable, and flexible electronics. The production technology allows for fabricating the harvester with low power consumption, negligible amounts of raw materials, no rare elements, and no pollutant emissions.
Cooperative Traffic Signal Control with Traffic Flow Prediction in Multi-Intersection
Authors: Kim Daeho , Jeong Okran
Published: December 2019

As traffic congestion in cities becomes serious, intelligent traffic signal control has been actively studied. Deep Q-Network (DQN), a representative deep reinforcement learning algorithm, is applied to various domains from fully-observable game environment to traffic signal control. Due to the effective performance of DQN, deep reinforcement learning has improved speeds and various DQN extensions have been introduced. However, most traffic signal control researches were performed at a single intersection, and because of the use of virtual simulators, there are limitations that do not take into account variables that affect actual traffic conditions. In this paper, we propose a cooperative traffic signal control with traffic flow prediction (TFP-CTSC) for a multi-intersection. A traffic flow prediction model predicts future traffic state and considers the variables that affect actual traffic conditions. In addition, for cooperative traffic signal control in multi-intersection, each intersection is modeled as an agent, and each agent is trained to take best action by receiving traffic states from the road environment. To deal with multi-intersection efficiently, agents share their traffic information with other adjacent intersections. In the experiment, TFP-CTSC is compared with existing traffic signal control algorithms in a 4 × 4 intersection environment. We verify our traffic flow prediction and cooperative method.
One View Per City for Buildings Segmentation in Remote-Sensing Images via Fully Convolutional Networks: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Li Jianguang , Li Wen , Jin Cong , Yang Lijuan , He Hui
Published: December 2019

The segmentation of buildings in remote-sensing (RS) images plays an important role in monitoring landscape changes. Quantification of these changes can be used to balance economic and environmental benefits and most importantly, to support the sustainable urban development. Deep learning has been upgrading the techniques for RS image analysis. However, it requires a large-scale data set for hyper-parameter optimization. To address this issue, the concept of “one view per city” is proposed and it explores the use of one RS image for parameter settings with the purpose of handling the rest images of the same city by the trained model. The proposal of this concept comes from the observation that buildings of a same city in single-source RS images demonstrate similar intensity distributions. To verify the feasibility, a proof-of-concept study is conducted and five fully convolutional networks are evaluated on five cities in the Inria Aerial Image Labeling database. Experimental results suggest that the concept can be explored to decrease the number of images for model training and it enables us to achieve competitive performance in buildings segmentation with decreased time consumption. Based on model optimization and universal image representation, it is full of potential to improve the segmentation performance, to enhance the generalization capacity, and to extend the application of the concept in RS image analysis.
Visiting Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism Sites: From Value Cognition to Attitude and Intention
Authors: Qiu Qihang , Zheng Tianxiang , Xiang Zheng , Zhang Mu
Published: December 2019

Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) has recently become an important area of tourism development for many countries that are home to such cultural resources. Within this context, the value of an ICH site has often been used to guide tourism development and policy making. In addition, community residents’ attitude and perception of ICH contribute to tourism development. In this study, we used the traditional firing technology of Longquan celadon in Zhejiang Province, China, as a case study to understand the relationships between value recognition and attitude along with the intention to visit the heritage site. We surveyed 368 residents and conducted path analysis to test such relationships. Findings revealed significant positive correlations between residents’ cognition of ICH value, their attitudes and travel intentions. Among them, attitudes played a mediating role in the formation of value cognition to travel intention. These findings offer insights into ICH-related tourism development, particularly regarding tourism product design, marketing and post-development evaluation, as well as the conservation of ICH sites.
Olympic Infrastructure—Global Problems of Local Communities on the Example of Rio 2016, PyeongChang 2018, and Krakow 2023
Authors: Dendura Bartosz
Published: December 2019

Every potential Olympic Games organiser assumers that the games they organise will be special, that they will help to set new, high standards both in the organisation of sports events themselves, as well as in the planning and carrying out of projects accompanying the games. Since the document entitled Agenda 21 was approved by the UN at the Earth Summit in 1992, environmental protection has become the mainstay of the discussion among the Olympic family, and the problem of sustainable planning has become one of the main features of published reports. The conclusion of the conference coincided with the Lillehammer Winter Olympics of 1994, which were praised as the first green games to be held, under the motto “White Green Games”. Four years prior, in Nagano, its organisers advertised the games with the slogan “Coexistence with nature”. London 2012, with its motto “Inspire a Generation”, highlighted the educational aspect of the events and the words “environment” and “sustainability” were on the lips of everyone everywhere in the context of every activity the organisers were undertaking. During Rio 2016, the motto was “Green Games for Blue Planet”. The goal of the article is to investigate whether these mottoes have been actually reflected in the measures taken by authorities and encompassing the period between proclaiming them as Games organisers, during the sports event itself, and during the post-Games period. The author focused on the two most recent Games (Rio 2016 and PyeongChang 2018) in order to verify whether the ambitious assumptions that filled all manners of reports have been made a reality. The diagnosis presented in the article indicates that the pursuit of satisfying the ambitions of authorities and organisers is often at odds with the precepts and concept of sustainable development. The results of the study are an essential starting point for the discussion on developing a new formula—that of the European Games, whose third edition is to be organised in Krakow in 2023, and whose respective subject matter is identical to the problems that an Olympic Games organiser must face in terms of infrastructure planning.
A Comparison of Machine Learning Methods for the Prediction of Traffic Speed in Urban Places
Authors: Bratsas Charalampos , Koupidis Kleanthis , Salanova Josep-Maria , Giannakopoulos Konstantinos , Kaloudis Aristeidis , Aifadopoulou Georgia
Published: December 2019

Rising interest in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems combined with the increased availability of collected data allows the study of different methods for prevention of traffic congestion in cities. A common need in all of these methods is the use of traffic predictions for supporting planning and operation of the traffic lights and traffic management schemes. This paper focuses on comparing the forecasting effectiveness of three machine learning models, namely Random Forests, Support Vector Regression, and Multilayer Perceptron—in addition to Multiple Linear Regression—using probe data collected from the road network of Thessaloniki, Greece. The comparison was conducted with multiple tests clustered in three types of scenarios. The first scenario tests the algorithms on specific randomly selected dates on different randomly selected roads. The second scenario tests the algorithms on randomly selected roads over eight consecutive 15 min intervals; the third scenario tests the algorithms on random roads for the duration of a whole day. The experimental results show that while the Support Vector Regression model performs best at stable conditions with minor variations, the Multilayer Perceptron model adapts better to circumstances with greater variations, in addition to having the most near-zero errors.
The Influence of Negative Political Environment on Sustainable Tourism: A Study of Aksu-Jabagly World Heritage Site, Kazakhstan
Authors: Akbar Imanaly , Yang Zhaoping , Han Fang , Kanat Gulnar
Published: December 2019

The political environment of a tourism destination is the most important element in planning, implementing, and controlling sustainable tourism development. The political environment refers to the coordination and cooperation among many participants to formulate and apply tourism policies. In our study the term political environment refers to political power, leadership, structures, mechanisms, and strategies, or policies for the implementation of sustainable tourism development. The main purpose of this article is to, through the example of Aksu-Jabagly natural heritage site in Kazakhstan, study how the negative political environment (NPE) of a tourism destination inhibits the implementation of sustainable tourism development in Kazakhstan. This study draws on in-depth interviews with local residents who are considered as one of the key stakeholders in the tourism industry. In our research, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 222 representative households from the neighboring village of Aksu-Jabagly, a natural world heritage site. Results show that because of negative political environments, the residents highly perceive the negative economic and environmental impacts of tourism development. Although the residents highly evaluated tourism’s positive sociocultural impacts, its relevance to other indicators was relatively weak. The residents are dissatisfied with tourism development, and their participation level in tourism was low. The results also reveal that highly perceived negative economic and negative environmental impacts of tourism are the main cause of residents’ dissatisfaction with tourism development and residents’ lack of participation in tourism.
Evaluation Research of Green Innovation Efficiency in China’s Heavy Polluting Industries
Authors: Fang Zhong , Bai Hua , Bilan Yuriy
Published: December 2019

Recently, green innovation efficiency, which considers innovation and environmental factors, is gradually becoming important for the sustainable development of Chinese heavy polluting industries because of the increasing strictness in China’s environmental regulations. Previous studies ignore the impact of external environmental factors on the efficiency of green industry innovation and fail to explain the complex relationship between environmental and technical efficiency fully. Therefore, a non-radial directional distance function-data envelopment analysis (DDF-DEA) three-stage green innovation efficiency evaluation model was constructed to measure the green innovation efficiency of China’s heavy polluting industries objectively and explore the impact mechanism of external factors. Then, the aforementioned model was used to conduct an empirical test on China’s heavy polluting industries. Results indicate that the green innovation efficiency of heavy polluting industries is generally low in China, and the entire industry is in the transitional stage of “effective innovation but not green.” The uncertainty of the effect of the environmental regulation policy, the over-reliance on external technologies, and the scale diseconomies of industries, which are the key factors in improving the green innovation efficiency of China’s heavy polluting industries, have a significant negative impact on green innovation efficiency. The conclusions of this study can provide a useful reference for China and other emerging markets to formulate reasonable environmental regulations and green transition of heavy polluting industries.
The Influence of a Company’s Ownership Structure on Upward Real Earnings Management
Authors: Piosik Andrzej , Genge Ewa
Published: December 2019

Financial transparency, including transparency of transactions, is one of the pillars of sustainability. This study investigates whether a company’s ownership structure, including ownership concentration, managerial ownership, and the presence of institutional investors, affects upward real earnings management practices. The research is based on companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in Poland adapting panel data regression models. The significance and contribution to literature of the paper lies in the fact that we provide evidence that the association between the magnitude of total upward real earnings management and shareholder concentration is U-shaped, thereby indicating that there is an optimal level of ownership concentration, minimizing the magnitude of upward real earnings management and thus increasing financial transparency. Our results show the negative relationship between total upward real earnings management and managerial ownership, thereby we confirm the alignment of interest hypothesis, in terms of real earnings management. We also confirm that individual instruments of real earnings management are linked to ownership concentration and managerial ownership in specific ways. The presence of institutional investors reduces the magnitude of total upward real earnings management.
Numerical Analysis of the Characteristics of Gas Explosion Process in Natural Gas Compartment of Utility Tunnel Using FLACS
Authors: Li Zexu , Wu Jiansong , Liu Mingyu , Li Yuntao , Ma Qiuju
Published: December 2019

With the rapid urbanization in China, directly buried municipal pipelines have been gradually replaced by urban utility tunnels due to a serious shortage of urban underground spaces and weak disaster prevention of traditional municipal pipelines. The urban utility tunnels normally contain electricity pipelines, natural gas pipelines, heat pipelines, sewer pipelines, etc. If a natural gas pipeline leaks, a fire and explosion might occur and lead to serious consequences. In this study, the characteristics of gas explosion in a natural gas compartment of urban utility tunnel are investigated based on FLACS (Flame Acceleration Simulator) simulations. The results revealed that the flame profile undergoes two unstable flame stages. When the ignition position is set at the middle area (100.25, 1.2, 1.4 m) of the 200 m-long natural gas compartment, the maximum overpressure of the gas explosion in the 200 m-long natural gas compartment is 25.17 bar, which is the largest maximum overpressure under all gas explosion simulation setups. It is also found that the length of the natural gas compartment and different ignition positions have slight effects on the maximum overpressure. This study could provide technical support for structural strength design and division of the fireproofing area of the natural gas compartment in the utility tunnel, which is of great significance to improve urban safety during sustainable development.
Experimental Setup for Splash Erosion Monitoring—Study of Silty Loam Splash Characteristics
Authors: Zumr David , Mützenberg Danilo Vítor , Neumann Martin , Jeřábek Jakub , Laburda Tomáš , Kavka Petr , Johannsen Lisbeth Lolk , Zambon Nives , Klik Andreas , Strauss Peter , Dostál Tomáš
Published: December 2019

An experimental laboratory setup was developed and evaluated in order to investigate detachment of soil particles by raindrop splash impact. The soil under investigation was a silty loam Cambisol, which is typical for agricultural fields in Central Europe. The setup consisted of a rainfall simulator and soil samples packed into splash cups (a plastic cylinder with a surface area of 78.5 cm2) positioned in the center of sediment collectors with an outer diameter of 45 cm. A laboratory rainfall simulator was used to simulate rainfall with a prescribed intensity and kinetic energy. Photographs of the soil’s surface before and after the experiments were taken to create digital models of relief and to calculate changes in surface roughness and the rate of soil compaction. The corresponding amount of splashed soil ranged between 10 and 1500 g m−2 h−1. We observed a linear relationship between the rainfall kinetic energy and the amount of the detached soil particles. The threshold kinetic energy necessary to initiate the detachment process was 354 J m−2 h−1. No significant relationship between rainfall kinetic energy and splashed sediment particle-size distribution was observed. The splash erosion process exhibited high variability within each repetition, suggesting a sensitivity of the process to the actual soil surface microtopography.
Human Resource Management Contributions to Knowledge Sharing for a Sustainability-Oriented Performance: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Muñoz-Pascual Lucía , Galende Jesús , Curado Carla
Published: December 2019

This research examines how internal and external Human Resource Management (HRM) contributes to Knowledge Sharing (KS) in order to reach Sustainability-Oriented Performance. This paper uses a mixed methods approach to report on the main antecedents of KS for Sustainability-Oriented Performance. There are many antecedents of KS both inside and outside organizations that are as yet unidentified. This research applies two complex statistical techniques, namely, structural equation modeling (SEM) (Study 1) and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) (Study 2). First, SEM is used to determine the antecedents of KS for Sustainability-Oriented Performance: Affective Commitment (AC) (an internal dimension of HRM) and a collaboration-oriented Human Resource Management system (CHRMS) (an external dimension of HRM). Second, three multi-group SEMs are used to determine whether a manager’s characteristics (age and gender) and firm size moderate the relationship between KS and its antecedents. Finally, an fsQCA is conducted to identify alternative configurations that lead either to KS or to its absence. The sample comprises data from an online survey of 367 certified innovative Portuguese small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The SEM results show that a collaboration-oriented HRM system always has a positive effect on KS for Sustainability-Oriented Performance. In addition, if the manager is a young man working in a small firm, their AC positively affects KS. There are alternative configurations that lead to the presence or absence of KS. There is, therefore, empirical evidence for the moderating effects of the manager’s age and gender, and firm size. Our study offers improved new HRM configurations and results when compared to the sole use of traditional quantitative statistical methods. The results are consistent and conclusive.
Exogenous of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Application Alleviates Copper Toxicity in Spinach Seedlings by Enhancing Antioxidant Systems and Nitrogen Metabolism
Authors: Gong Qin , Li Zhaohua , Wang Ling , Dai Tongwei , Kang Qun , Niu Duandan
Published: December 2019

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a potential mediator in the protection of plants from copper (Cu) toxicity and the enhancement of Cu tolerance. In this paper, spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) seedlings were cultivated in soil containing 700 mg kg−1 Cu and the leaves of seedlings were sprayed with different concentrations of IAA. Exogenous IAA treatment reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in Cu-stressed seedlings and increased biomass, proline content, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Exogenous IAA treatment also increased the levels of nitrogen (N) assimilation compounds and the activities of N-metabolizing enzymes, but reduced NH4+ content. Notably, lower concentrations of IAA (10–40 mg L−1) increased the Cu concentrations in roots and reduced the Cu concentrations in leaves, while higher concentrations of IAA (50 mg L−1) reduced the Cu concentrations in both roots and leaves to the lowest levels. The findings indicated that the application of IAA reduced Cu accumulation, alleviated Cu toxicity, and enhanced Cu tolerance in spinach seedlings. IAA application could be used as an alternative strategy for reducing Cu accumulation in vegetable crops and for remediating Cu-contaminated soil, in turn reducing the hazardous effects of heavy metal contamination on human health and the environment.
Chloroviruses
Authors: Van Etten James L. , Agarkova Irina V. , Dunigan David D.
Published: December 2019

Chloroviruses are large dsDNA, plaque-forming viruses that infect certain chlorella-like green algae; the algae are normally mutualistic endosymbionts of protists and metazoans and are often referred to as zoochlorellae. The viruses are ubiquitous in inland aqueous environments throughout the world and occasionally single types reach titers of thousands of plaque-forming units per ml of native water. The viruses are icosahedral in shape with a spike structure located at one of the vertices. They contain an internal membrane that is required for infectivity. The viral genomes are 290 to 370 kb in size, which encode up to 16 tRNAs and 330 to ~415 proteins, including many not previously seen in viruses. Examples include genes encoding DNA restriction and modification enzymes, hyaluronan and chitin biosynthetic enzymes, polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, ion channel and transport proteins, and enzymes involved in the glycan synthesis of the virus major capsid glycoproteins. The proteins encoded by many of these viruses are often the smallest or among the smallest proteins of their class. Consequently, some of the viral proteins are the subject of intensive biochemical and structural investigation.
South American Values of the Optical Straylight Function
Authors: Longhi Bitencourt Emilia , Ventura Dora , Costa Marcelo
Published: December 2019

Purpose: To access retinal straylight in a Brazilian sample and to compare it with European norms. Methods: Absolute Straylight was assessed using C-Quant that uses an adaptive staircase based on a 2-Alternated Forced Choice task. A young (22.2 ± 2.4 yrs, n = 20) and an old group (53.8 ± 7.4 yrs, n = 21) of subjects were tested. All refractive errors were corrected in the C-Quant device, and no subjects had ocular diseases or vision-threatening conditions (e.g., diabetes, unregulated blood pressure, high intraocular pressure, visible cataract). Eighty-five percent of all subjects in each age group had dark-pigmented eyes. Each eye was tested 3 times, yielding 6 straylight values (s). Only data fulfilling C-Quant reliability criteria were included. Results: There were no statistical differences between the three attempts on each eye (ANOVA, F = 0.993, p > 0.936) and between the two groups (ANOVA, F = 0.893, p > 0.725). Straylight values (s) were fit with an empirical equation to compare to European norms. There were no statistical differences between Brazilian straylight values and European norms for either young or old age groups (ANOVA, F = 5.114, p > 0.993). However, there was a tendency for our s values to be higher than the European norms, consistent with young Brazilian eyes having more light-scattering than age-matched European eyes. Conclusions: Consistent with European norms, light-scattering increases with age in the Brazilian sample. This increase is thought to be due, in large part, to age-related changes in lens structure and density. Although the differences between the populations are not significant, the tendency for Brazilian data to have higher s values than European values, especially at young subjects, is in the opposite direction from that expected from a dark-eyed population. This suggests the hypothesis that latitude-dependent (Sao Paulo, latitude 23° S, European latitudes between 40° N to 55° N) differences in the light environment could be associated with differences in s values.
An Effective Method to Remove Antimony in Water by Using Iron-Based Coagulants
Authors: Cheng Kuan , Wang Hongtao , Li Jie , Li Fengting
Published: December 2019

The effectiveness of antimony (Sb) removal by using iron-based coagulants was investigated in this study. The effects of pH, coagulant types and dose, equilibrium concentration, co-existing humic acid (HA) and anions, and oxidation process were studied. Effective Sb removal was achieved by using Fe(III)-based coagulants. However, the removal efficiency of Sb by using Fe(II)-based coagulants was very low. The removal capacity of Sb fitted the Sips adsorption isotherm well, which revealed that the heterogeneous adsorption process onto the formed hydrous ferric oxide played an important role in Sb removal, and the mechanism was further supported by Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis. Sb removal was inhibited by the presence of HA and phosphate, as well as oxidation and aeration. Therefore, coagulation by using Fe(III)-based coagulants without oxidation is an effective and promising method for removing Sb in aqueous solution.
How Can We Make Pump and Treat Systems More Energetically Sustainable?
Authors: Casasso Alessandro , Tosco Tiziana , Bianco Carlo , Bucci Arianna , Sethi Rajandrea
Published: December 2019

Pump and treat (P&T) systems are still widely employed for the hydraulic containment of contaminated groundwater despite the fact that their usage is decreasing due to their high operational costs. A way to partially mitigate such costs, both in monetary and environmental terms, is to perform heat exchange (directly or with a heat pump) on the groundwater extracted by these systems, thus providing low-carbon and low-cost heating and/or cooling to buildings or industrial processes. This opportunity should be carefully evaluated in view of preserving (or even improving) the removal efficiency of the remediation process. Therefore, the heat exchange should be placed upstream or downstream of all treatments, or in an intermediate position, depending on the effect of water temperature change on the removal efficiency of each treatment step. This article provides an overview of such effects and is meant to serve as a starting reference for a case-by-case evaluation. Finally, the potentiality of geothermal use of P&T systems is assessed in the Italian contaminated Sites of National Interest (SIN), i.e., the 41 priority contaminated sites in Italy. At least 29 of these sites use pumping wells as hydraulic barriers or P&T systems. The total discharge rate treated by these plants exceeds 7000 m3/h and can potentially provide about 33 MW of heating and/or cooling power.
Mutual Learning and Policy Transfer in Integrated Water Resources Management: A Research Agenda
Authors: Fritsch Oliver , Benson David
Published: December 2019

Integrated water resources management (IWRM) has become a global paradigm for the governance of surface, coastal and groundwater. International bodies such as the European Union, the Global Water Partnership, and the United Nations have taken the lead to promote IWRM principles, while countries worldwide have undertaken reforms to implement these principles and to restructure their domestic or regional water governance arrangements. However, the international transfer of IWRM principles raises a number of theoretical, empirical and normative questions related to its causes, processes and outcomes. These questions will be explored in our Special Issue ‘Governing IWRM: Mutual Learning and Policy Transfer’. This editorial briefly introduces IWRM and links this governance paradigm to theoretical and empirical scholarship on policy transfer. We then summarise the aims and objectives of this Special Issue, provide an overview of the articles brought together here and offer avenues for future research.
Impacts of Climate and Land-Use Changes on the Hydrological Processes in the Amur River Basin
Authors: Zhou Shilun , Zhang Wanchang , Guo Yuedong
Published: December 2019

Under the joint effects resulted from different changes of climate and land-use regimes, spatial-temporal variations of hydrological processes took place in certain principles. Identifying the impact of changes in individual land-use types/climatic factors on hydrological processes is significant for water management and sustainability of watersheds. In this study, seven simulation scenarios were developed using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model to distinguish the impacts of climate and land-use changes on the hydrological processes in the Amur River Basin (ARB) for four periods of 1980–1990, 1991–1999, 2000–2006, and 2007–2013, respectively. Based on the multi-period simulation scenario data, partial least squares regression and ridge regression analyses were performed to further evaluate the effects of changes in individual land-use types/climatic factors on hydrologic components. The results suggested that summer precipitation and summer average temperature were the dominant climatic factors, and crops and wetlands were the principal land-use types contributing to the hydrological responses. In addition, the drastic changes in crop and wetland areas and a clear decline in summer precipitation between the periods of 1991–1999 and 2000–2006 may account for the highest-intensity impacts of climate and land-use changes on the runoff at the outlet (−31.38% and 16.17%, respectively) during the four periods.
Bid‘at Literatürünün Hikâyesi -Beş Klasik Eser Özelinde-
Authors: GÖZÜN Abdulvehhab
Published: December 2019

İslâmî ilimlerin her birinin tarih boyunca bir edebiyatı ortaya çıktığı
gibi müstakil bir ilme dönüşmediği halde dinî kavramlardan bazılarının da zaman
içerisinde kendi çapında bir literatürü oluşmuştur. Şüphesiz bu durum, o
kavramların önemini göstermektedir. Bu tür ıstılahlardan biri, sünnetin zıttı
olan bid‘at kavramıdır. Her literatürün ortaya çıkmasına neden olan bazı
durumların var olduğu gerçeğinden yola çıkarak bid‘at literatürünün
teşekkülüne de zemin hazırlayan birtakım faktörlerin bulunduğu düşünülmektedir.
Bu makalede, bid‘at terimiyle ilgili kitâbiyatın ortaya çıkışının arka
planını tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu nevi bir saptamanın, bid‘at
tartışmalarına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmüştür. Araştırmada mezkûr tespit, klasik
dönemde bid‘at kavramıyla alakalı yazılan bazı eserlerin satır aralarından
ve yazarlarının hayatlarından yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Konuyla ilintili tüm
eserlerin incelenmesinin makalenin boyutlarını aşacağı düşüncesinden hareketle
sadece klasik dönemde yazılmış, sahasının ilkleri olan beş kitabın ve
müelliflerinin biyografilerinin kısaca incelenmesiyle çalışma
sınırlandırılmıştır.
İle-İfe: Geleneksel Yoruba Dininde Yaratılışın ve Dünyanın Merkezi
Authors: SEYFELİ Canan
Published: December 2019

Makalenin konusu, Geleneksel Yoruba Dininde
yaratılışın ve dünyanın merkezi kabul edilen İle-İfe’dir. Konu inançsal ve
uygulama, mitolojik ve insan yaşamı boyutlarıyla işlenmiştir. Mitolojiye göre
İle-İfe yaratılışın, insanlığın (Yorubaların) ve kutsal krallığın beşiğidir. Gök,
yer ve yeraltının birleştiği eksendir. Bu eksen Orişaların diktiği Hayat
Ağacıdır. Göklerin yere, yeryüzünün göklere açılan kapısı bu eksendedir. Evrenin
ve insanın yaratılışının başladığı nokta İle-İfe’nin merkezidir. Burası şimdi sarayın
ve tapınağın bulunduğu yerdir. İle-İfe farklı Yoruba yaratılış mitlerinde ortak
unsurlardan birisidir. Yorubalara göre tanrısal alemden inip yeryüzünde
krallığını kuran Oduduva atasal Orişaya dönüşmüş ilk ata ve kraldır, İle-İfe
merkezli en etkili Orişadır. Obatala yaratılışta rol oynasa da etkisi ikinci
derecededir. İle-İfe, Olodumare’ye tek somut tapınım yeridir. Merkezde Oduduva’nınki
ve etrafında diğer Orişaların tapınakları bulunur. Şehirde çok çeşitli festivaller,
ritüeller, sunular icra edilir. Burası bütün yolların kendisine çıktığı
dünyanın merkezidir. İle-İfe, Yoruba kültür ve sanat merkezidir.
Regional Food and Cuisine: The Case of the Brotos Frutos Culinaria do Cerrado Association in Brazil
Authors: Santana Estival Katianny Gomes , Santos Corrêa Solange Rodrigues , Pitaluga Christiane M. , Gomes Jaqueline Correa , Spanhol Caroline
Published: December 2019

The richness of Brazilian flora and fauna reveal opportunities for agri-food markets, especially regarding the added value of regional foods, brand development, and differentiation strategies. In this context, the aim of the present study was to characterize the business strategies used by the Brotos Frutos Culinária do Cerrado Association, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. To achieve the proposed objectives, techniques of observation and direct interviews with those responsible for the Association were used. The results revealed the absence of a business plan capable of guiding the organization's practices, a lack of knowledge on the market and on consumer behavior. Suggestions to improve the management are discussed during the study.
The Effects Of Artificial And Natural Fertilizers Used For Tea Cultivation On The Physicochemical Water Quality Of Aquatic Ecosystem In The Firtina Valley (Çamlihemşin-Rize)
Authors: VEREP Bülent , AKÇANAL ÖDÜN Neşe
Published: December 2019

In this study, the physicochemical water quality changes in Behice village’s stream which is in the south of Çamlıhemşin district in the city ofRize and one of the tributary of Fırtına River due to using chemical fertilizer in the region were researched within February 2011 and June 2011 (before and duringfertilization). This research was carried out along the joint forestry, forestry-agricultural and totally agricultural land of Behice, Çayırdüzü and Dikkaya Villagesof Çamlıhemşin, to obtain of the effect of the use of fertilizers around agricultural land on surface water of the stream via researching the physicochemical waterquality findings such as nitrite, nitrate, ammonium and phosphate ions as well as basic water quality parameters from 8 different chosen stations on the river profiles,which are under the effect of forestry land without any fertilizers, tea land with fertilizers and some mixed land (of tea and forest). According to the findings of thestudy, the use of fertilizers in the region is significant in terms of their effects on the water quality of surface water resources. However, it is understood that thesedifferences are not statistically significant in terms of time and use of land compared to other factors except ammonia nitrogen. Water quality concentrationsmeasured in the study are 1st class (very clean) according to Water Quality Standards of Water Pollution and Control Regulation of Turkey and they are only 2ndclass (polluted a little) in terms of nitrite.
Preparation of O-antigen from Yersinia ruckeri Serotype O1 and Use in the Slide Agglutination Test
Authors: BALTA Fikri , DENGİZ BALTA Zeynep
Published: December 2019

In this study, it was aimed at early detection of yersiniosis caused by Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using agglutination
test. O-antigen of Y. ruckeri
isolated from diseased fishes was prepared. This prepared O-antigen was
injected into the ear vein of the rabbit. Serum was removed from blood samples
taken on 7th and 15th days after the last injection. Thus, the antibody of the Yersinia ruckeri was produced in the
rabbit. Titers of the resulting antibodies were determined by microtitering in
96 well-based plates. It was used successfully in the slide agglutination tests
by making necessary dilutions according to the titer ratios of the antibodies. We
determined that the motile and Gr (-) bacteria isolated from diseased rainbow
trout with yersiniozis symptom were Y.
ruckeri according to the results of slide agglutination test without any
biochemical test. The isolated bacteria were confirmed to be Y. ruckeri with the results of API 20E
test kit and PCR test. The antibodies were stored at -20 and -80°C for use
subsequent studies.
Modulated phases of graphene quantum Hall polariton fluids
Authors: Pellegrino F. M. D.
Published: December 2019

This work is placed in the context of solid-state systems in the regime of ultra-strong light-matter coupling. To date, the highest light-matter coupling strengths have been measured in experiments with polaritons in semiconductor systems under the conditions of the Integer Quantum Hall effect. Polaritons are excitations resulting from strong coupling of light with a dipole-carrying matter excitation. In Pellegrino et al. (2016), we studied the impact of electron-electron interaction on polaritons in cavities in the case of graphene under the conditions of the Integer Quantum Hall effect. By using a mean-field (Hartree-Fock) approach we have shown the possibility of formation of spatially modulated light-matter phases characterized by a wavelength that is dependent on the value of the applied static magnetic field and the concentration of carriers, which is tunable by varying the gate voltage.
Analisis Kejadian Abrasi Kornea pada Pasien dengan Trikiasis Akibat Entropion
Authors: Savitri I Dewa Ayu P. , Supit Wenny P. , Tumewu Sigmund I. E.
Published: December 2019

Abstract: Trichiasis is a condition of abnormal growth of eyelashes that results in scraping of the eyelashes on the corneal surface; therefore, ulceration or abrasion of the corneal can occur. One of the causes of trichiasis is entropion that can occur involutionally due to aging process. This study was aimed to obtain the correlation between incidence of corneal abrasion and trichiasis due to entropion. This was a prospective and analytical study. Subjects were elderly people at Panti Werdha Senja Cerah (nursing home) and elderly patients who visited the North Sulawesi Province Eye Hospital during September to November 2019. The result showed that there were 30 subjects with involutional entropion that reached the peak at interval of 75-79 years old. Elderly females were predominant as many as 20 people (67%). Corneal abrasion was found in 4 subjects (13%) with trichiasis due to entropion. The chi-square test of the correlation between trichiasis due to entropion and corneal abrasion obtain a p-value of 0.030 (p<0.05). In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between trichiasis due to entropion and the incidence of corneal abrasion.Keywords: corneal abrasion, trichiasis, entropion Abstrak: Trikiasis merupakan pertumbuhan abnormal dari bulu mata yang mengakibatkan penggesekan bulu mata pada kornea yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya ulserasi maupun abrasi kornea. Salah satu penyebab trikiasis ialah entropion, yang dapat terjadi secara involusional (senilis) akibat proses penuaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kejadian abrasi kornea dan trikiasis akibat entropion. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada orang lanjut usia di Panti Werdha Senja Cerah Paniki dan pasien yang berkunjung di UPTD Rumah Sakit Mata Provinsi Sulawesi Utara periode September-November 2019. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik prospektif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 30 orang lanjut usia dengan entropion involusional disertai trikiasis. Insidensi entropion involusional mencapai puncaknya pada interval 75-79 tahun (26,27%) dan lebih banyak pada jenis kelamin perempuan (67%).. Kejadian abrasi kornea pada pasien dengan trikiasis akibat entropion sebanyak 4 orang (13%). Hasil uji chi-square terhadap hubungan antara trikiasis akibat entropion dan terjadinya abrasi kornea mendapatkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,030 (p<0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara trikiasis akibat entropion dan terjadinya abrasi kornea.Kata kunci: abrasi kornea, trikiasis, entropion
Groundwater of the Maamoura Water Table Morocco
Authors:   Ibn Tofail Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Agro-physiology, Biotechnology, Environment and Quality, Kenitra, Morocco., Abderrahim Hamdan , Abdelaziz Chaouch ,   Ibn Tofail Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Agro-physiology, Biotechnology, Environment and Quality, Kenitra, Morocco.
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to characterize the quality of groundwater. It was done in a design office. In this context, an illustration of the groundwater quality of the kenitra salted flats region, which constitutes, by five layers, the maamoura sheet. We sampled 2 3 wells. These analyzes show that the temperature of these waters complies with the standards, the same for the potential of hydrogen against the level of chloride, total chlorine and free chlorine largely exceeds the Moroccan standards of drinking water. So we see that it is necessary to make treatments before using this water so as not to have consequences on their health, especially for children, who are more sensitiv .
Improvement of Control Strategy for Pmsg Based Wecs under Strong Wind Conditions with Anfis Controller
Authors:   PG Research scholar, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, JNTUA, Anantapur, AP, India, reddy* B.Sai charan , Reddy M.Ramasekhar ,   Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, JNTUA, Anantapur, AP, India .
Published: December 2019

Wind farms can only operate and generate power under certain limit of wind speeds if the wind speed is observed beyond the limit then the operation of the wind farm reaches the cutoff region , so in order to operate the wind farm even under strong wind conditions which exceed the limit a control strategy is involved, due to the inability of the PI controller to operate under varying parameters the generated power is affected so in order to adapt a controller that can operate under varying real time parameters a ANFIS controller is adapted in this paper where generated power and d-q axis frame currents are analyzed for linearly rising wind conditions and typhoon landed conditions .
Digital Marketing of Women Fashion Products towards Entrepreneurs Perspective in Chennai City
Authors:   Ph.D Full –Time Scholar, Under RUSSA fellower 2.0, Alagappa Institute of Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi., SONIYA* Mrs. S. , SUDHAMATHI Dr. S. ,   Assistant Professor, Alagappa Institute of Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi
Published: December 2019

Digital Marketing Plays An Important Role In Today’s Technology World To Purchase Of Products. Our World Becomes Digitalized With The Development Of Technology. Because Most Of The Consumers Are Using Smart Phones, With The Usage Of Smart Phone They Are Purchasing The Products Through Popular Websites Such As Amazon, Flipkart Etc. Female Entrepreneurs Are Women Who Arrange And Handle An Endeavor, Particularlya Industry.Women Entrepreneurs Are Now Selling The Products Through Online Websites And They Are Earning More Income Through Marketing The Fashion Products. Nowadays 58.5 Million Entrepreneurs In India, Nearly 14% Are Women. Indian Women Owned Business Provide Employment For 13.45 Million People About 1/3 Of Indian Women Entrepreneurs Work In The Fashion Sector, Followed By Manufacture And Retail Trade. The Researcher Has Used Non-Probability Sampling Method In That Convenience Sampling Method Was Used In The Study Area. The Researcher Has Selected 50 Women Entrepreneurs In Chennai City. The Tools Used For The Analysis Is Chi-Square, Anova And Percentage Analysis. Therefore, This Papermainly Focuses On Entrepreneur’s Opinion Towards Digital Marketing In Chennai City.
Design of Low Power Memory Architecture using 10t Sram Array
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, P. A. College of Engineering and Technology., Madhumalini* M. , Saranraj B. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, P. A. College of Engineering and Technology.
Published: December 2019

The main aim of electronics is to design low power devices due to the prevalent usage of powered gadget. Ultra low voltage operation of memory cells has become a subject of a lot of interest because of its applications in terribly low energy computing. The stable operation of static random access memory (SRAM) is important for the success of low voltage SRAM and it is achieved by parameter variations of scaled technologies. The power consumption and access time of the SRAM is also a complex parameter due to the unavoidable switching activities of the number of transistors used for different blocks like, SRAM cell, access transistors, pre-charge circuit, sense amplifier and decoders. It has been shown that conventional 6T SRAM fail to achieve low power and delay operation. The proposed 10T SRAM design gives an approach towards the hold power dissipation. The designed circuit has 10 transistors out of that 2 transistors are used as sleep transistor. The sleep transistors are used as switches. Such as header and footer switches and the switches are turned on during active mode of operations and turned off during idle or standby mode of operations. The designed SRAM cell also has conducting pMOS circuit, which can reduces the total power dissipation. The SRAM cell is simulated by using Cadence tool. A supply voltage of 1.8V is used which makes it enough for low power applications. The power obtained as 761.7mW, which reduces 15% of conventional 6T SRAM design. The delay obtained as 125.6ns, which reduces 45% of conventional 6T SRAM.
E-Shopping: Outlining the Impact of Explanatory Variables
Authors:   Information Technology , Amity University, Patna, India., Ghosal* Indrajit , Singh Dr Pragya ,   Faculty of Management, Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies (SIU), Noida, India.
Published: December 2019

India has taken a step in online shopping through the expansion of information and communication technology (ICT). In this digital era huge opportunities are coming in the online industry due to rapid changes in ingesting pattern, customer preferences and product needs. E-commerce has been crated a booming passageway in the world. It has been very easier to get the products just a mouse click. Adequately number of e-companies has come up with customized products with easier transaction facilities. Though Internet shopping provides various benefits like flexibility of shopping time, wide variety of choices, but then again a large section of Indian population is still reluctant to adopt it relative to foreign nations. The reason behind these can be attributed to socio economic texture. This study is focused in North 24 parganas district under the state West Bengal (India) where most of the community residing in outskirt of the city. In the current research an effort has been made to analyze the unobserved factors manifested through the perceived behaviour towards ecommerce. The study has extracted explanatory factors affecting the perception consumer towards virtual buying behaviour. For this study 100 samples were collected and statistical tool Factor Analysis, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) have been applied .These implied findings of the study will help the marketing analyst as well as strategist to forecast and assume the online buying behavioural standards across different geographic platforms in the country and consolidate the resource allocation accordingly.