bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors Affecting Survival of Patients With Single Primary Breast Cancer vs Patients With Multiple Primary Cancers in Lifetime, One of Which is Breast Cancer
Authors: Sanli Ahmet Necati , Tekcan Sanli Deniz Esin , Altundag M. Kadri , Aydogan Fatih
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic and molecular characteristics, overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and prognostic factors affecting the survival of patients with single primary breast cancer (SPBC) and patients with multiple primary cancers in their life time in which one of them is breast cancer (MPC).

Methods

Using data from SEER 17 Research Plus, patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 were included in this study. Race, marital status, laterality, tumor size, molecular subtype, grade, stage, radiotherapy-chemotherapy treatment, and surgery data were analyzed in the data obtained after excluding patients with missing values. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used for survival analysis, and Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic factors.

Results

573175 patients were included in the study. The mean age of MPC patients was significantly higher than SPBC patients (65.99 ± 12.68, 60.33 ± 13.47, P < .001, respectively). Patients with SPBC had significantly more hormone receptor (HR)-positive/Her2 positive, HR-negative/Her2-negative, and HR-negative/Her2-positive molecular subtypes; patients with MPC had more HR-positive/Her2-negative subtypes ( P < .001). Grade 3 tumor status, locoregional spread, and distant metastasis were significantly higher in SPBC patients ( P < .001). Overall survival and CSS rates were significantly higher in SPBC patients ( P < .001). In MPC patients, overall hazard ratio was 1.631 times higher than SPBC, and the cancer-specific hazard ratio was 1.096 times higher (95% CI [1.606-1.656], 95% CI [1.071-1.121], respectively).

Conclusion

Although patients with SPBC have worse prognostic tumor characteristics, OS and CSS rates are better than patients with MPC.
Factors Predicting Readmission and Mortality in Patients Admitted for Malignant Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Xu Nova , Sun Beatrice J. , Yue Tiffany M. , Lee Byrne
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a common complication of patients with advanced malignancies and has poor prognosis. Currently, there are limited guidelines for MBO management or predicting outcomes for these patients.

Objective

To identify patient factors associated with readmission and mortality after hospital admission for MBO.

Participants

A 5-year retrospective review was performed from 2017 to 2022 at a single tertiary institution to evaluate patients admitted for MBO. All patients had advanced cancer of gastrointestinal or gynecologic primary. Patient demographics, socioeconomic factors, tumor characteristics, and inpatient outcomes were collected. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine variables predicting hospital readmission for recurrent MBO and 90-day mortality.

Results

210 patients were included. Mean age was 61 years, 28% were male, and 19% did not primarily speak English. 35% of patients lived over 50 miles from the hospital. On multivariable analysis, non-English speaking patients exhibited increased risk of readmission for MBO (OR = 2.82, P = .039). Older age was associated with decreased risk for MBO readmission (OR = .96, P = .007). Ascites was associated with increased mortality (OR = 2.17, P = .043). Earlier palliative care (PC) consultation predicted decreased readmission (OR = .24, P < .001) yet increased mortality at 90 days (OR = 3.20, P = .003).

Conclusion

Patient age, primary language, and PC consult were predictors for MBO readmission, which may impact 90-day mortality. Given the palliative nature of MBO, modifiable factors such as PC consultation and multidisciplinary goals of care discussions should be prioritized in order to reduce readmissions and focus on quality of life (QOL) for this patient population.
Cost-Effectiveness of Diffusion Weighted MRI Versus Planned Second-Look Surgery for Cholesteatoma
Authors: Patel Terral A. , Ettyreddy Abhinav , Cheng Tracy , Smith Kenneth , Sridharan Shaum S. , McCall Andrew A.
Published: April 2024

Objective:

To compare the cost-effectiveness of serial non-echo planar diffusion weighted MRI (non-EP DW MRI) versus planned second look surgery following initial canal wall up tympanomastoidectomy for the treatment of cholesteatoma.

Methods:

A decision-analytic model was developed. Model inputs including residual cholesteatoma rates, rates of non-EP DW MRI positivity after surgery, and health utility scores were abstracted from published literature. Cost data were derived from the 2022 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services fee rates. Efficacy was defined as increase in quality-adjusted life year (QALY). One- and 2-way sensitivity analyses were performed on variables of interest to probe the model. Total time horizon was 50 years with a willingness to pay (WTP) threshold set at $50 000/QALY.

Results:

Base case analysis revealed that planned second-look surgery ($11 537, 17.30 QALY) and imaging surveillance with non-EP DWMRI ($10 439, 17.26 QALY) were both cost effective options. Incremental cost effectiveness ratio was $27 298/QALY, which is below the WTP threhshold. One-way sensitivity analyses showed that non-EP DW MRI was more cost effective than planned second-look surgery if the rate of residual disease after surgery increased to 48.3% or if the rate of positive MRI was below 45.9%. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis at WTP of $50 000/QALY found that second-look surgery was more cost-effective in 56.7% of iterations.

Conclusion:

Non-EP DW MRI surveillance is a cost-effect alternative to planned second-look surgery following primary canal wall up tympanomastoidectomy for cholesteatoma. Cholesteatoma surveillance decisions after initial canal wall up tympanomastoidectomy should be individualized.

Level of Evidence:

V.
Strain, Anger, and Prison Misconduct: Examining the Impact of Unfair Wages, Broken Social Ties, and Dehumanization
Authors: Baker Thomas , Cordero Treston Kassandra , Gordon Jill A.
Published: April 2024

Using the theoretical framework of General Strain Theory, this study examines how each of Agnew’s categorizations of strain are associated with people in prison’s anger and self-reported charges for misconduct. The strains explored include dehumanization (negative stimuli), loss of social ties (removal of positive stimuli), and unfair pay for labor (unjust outcomes). Surveys of 3,531 men and women incarcerated in five different facilities were examined. Each strain is significantly and positively associated with anger. Anger is significantly and positively associated with misconduct. Dehumanization and loss of social ties are significantly and indirectly associated with misconduct through anger in the theoretically expected direction. In sum, strains may foment anger among people in prison resulting in rule breaking.
Attitudes Toward Police and Judges of Latina Immigrants With a Justice-Involved Child: Do Documentation Status and Family Deportations Matter?
Authors: Cavanagh Caitlin , LaBerge Alyssa , Dalzell Erica , Cauffman Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

Immigrants who are undocumented or who have experienced the deportation of family members may perceive legal actors such as police and judges differently than immigrants who are legal residents. Among a sample of 117 Latina immigrant women in California whose sons were arrested, we found that women who were undocumented had more negative specific attitudes toward police (i.e., stemming from their experience during their son’s arrest), and women with a history of family deportations had more negative general attitudes toward police (i.e., considering the police as an abstract group). Attitudes toward judges were neither associated with documentation status nor family deportations, suggesting that the association is unique to police during an era when police are increasingly involved in immigration enforcement.
Social Context and Early Disposition Departures: An Examination of Disparity in Immigration Sentencing Across U.S. District Courts
Authors: Willert Bria , Nowacki Jeffrey S.
Published: April 2024

In the 1990s, the United States Attorneys’ Offices implemented programs to make sentencing for immigration offenses more efficient by designating a number of “Fast-Track” districts. In 2012, these programs were expanded to all federal districts. Using data from multiple sources including federal sentencing data from 2015 to 2016 and community-level variables from the American Community Survey, this study examines how individual and district-level characteristics affect receipt and magnitude of early disposition departures. Findings suggest Hispanic population, Republican Control, and original fast-track district predict early disposition departure receipt and sentence length. District-level characteristics can influence when and how these departures are used.
ESO-based and FTDO-based anti-swing control for overhead cranes with external disturbance
Authors: Zhang Zhongcai , Huang Peng , Gu Han , Hu Xueli
Published: April 2024

Overhead cranes play a pivotal role in various industrial applications. This paper presents two methodologies for suppressing the payload’s swing and completing the accurate positioning. The original crane model is initially transformed into a chained form. Two nonlinear controllers are devised to regulate the trolley’s position and achieve the payload’s anti-swing control. The first approach utilizes backstepping, extended state observer, and filter technique to effectively estimate system state and disturbance and make the closed-loop system uniformly ultimately bounded. In contrast, the second method involves sliding mode control and finite-time disturbance observer to ensure the finite-time convergence of the resulting closed-loop system and the accurate disturbance estimation. Finally, simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Redressing sexual harassment at work: Using pressure, disorganisation and regulatory failure to advance theoretical understanding
Authors: Knox Angela , Bohle Philip
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on a significant psychosocial hazard – sexual harassment. It advances the existing body of theory on the antecedents of sexual harassment by drawing on the pressure, disorganisation and regulatory failure (PDR) framework. In doing so, it develops hypotheses about how the PDR variables contribute to sexual harassment and proposes a research agenda to empirically test them. An improved understanding of the influence of PDR on sexual harassment will also enable an examination of the effectiveness of recent regulatory changes designed to address this destructive and costly problem in Australia, and highlight areas requiring additional intervention.
Ethnic politics via digital means: Introducing the Ethnic Organizations Online dataset
Authors: Gremler Frederik , Weidmann Nils B
Published: April 2024

With the increasing relevance of ethnic groups as political actors, the literature has attempted to identify and study the ethnic organizations representing these groups. How do these organizations use digital communication channels to reach their domestic and international audiences? To enable research on these questions, this article introduces the Ethnic Organizations Online dataset, a new data collection focusing on the online channels that ethnic organizations use. The dataset includes four types of channels: Twitter (since July 2023, rebranded by Elon Musk as X); Facebook; Instagram; and regular websites. It relies on the Ethnic Power Relations – Organizations database, and is therefore compatible with an entire family of datasets on ethnic politics. Featuring more than 2000 online channels used by 265 groups, it allows researchers to study a wide variety of questions related to digital ethnic mobilization. The article presents three examples of how the dataset can be used. We study: (a) how a group’s political goals influence social media adoption; (b) how elections impact the organizations’ communication frequency and how this differs between democracies and autocracies; and (c) how the power status of a group affects the content of their communication. We provide replication codes facilitating the use of the dataset in applied research.
Early Career Teachers’ Sense of Professional Agency in the Classroom and Associations With Their Perception of Transformational Leadership Vision and School Size
Authors: E Liyuan , Pyhältö Kirsi , Sullanmaa Jenni , Pietarinen Janne , Soini Tiina , Toom Auli
Published: April 2024

This study explores the relationship between early career teachers’ sense of professional agency in the classroom, their perceptions of principals’ transformational leadership vision, and school size. The survey data were collected from 779 primary and junior secondary school teachers with a maximum of 5 years of teaching experience in China. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in the Mplus statistical package. The results show that teachers possess a relatively high sense of professional agency and report that their principals exhibit a rather high ability to sustain shared transformational vision. The results also suggest that teachers’ sense of professional agency is positively correlated with their perceptions of transformational vision. Moreover, the results revealed that teachers’ sense of professional agency in terms of collaborative learning and transformative practice is significantly higher in small schools than in large schools. The results indicate the importance of transformational vision to facilitate teachers’ professional agency.
Family Estrangement and the Unseen Work of Not Doing Family
Authors: Barnwell Ashley
Published: April 2024

Family estrangement is a common yet understudied phenomenon, especially in the sociology of family and personal life. In societies where norms about ‘the family’ have moved on considerably to include non-biological kinship, blended families, chosen families and so on, an emphasis on close bonds and family rituals is often resilient creating stigma for those who are distant from family. In this article, I offer a sociological analysis of experiences of family estrangement reported via a qualitative survey, and explore three of the family practices involved in maintaining these ‘absent present’ relationships. This research contributes to and extends literature on family practices, family display and the notion of doing family, by looking at the family practices that are kept off display and the often unseen work that goes into not doing family. In doing so, it speaks to a growing interest in the constitutive role of absent, silenced or hidden aspects of social life, and attending questions about the impacts of such omissions.
Eloquent Blood: A Historical Microsociology of Blushing
Authors: Brossard Baptiste
Published: April 2024

Microsociology has been criticised for universalising ‘the’ interaction order as it occurs among the North American middle classes. A way of addressing this issue lies in historicising interaction: showing how each component of the interaction order has been historically moulded. The present article illustrates this argument with the case of blushing, from the late 18th century through to the early 21st century, in the USA, Australia and France. The examination of newspaper articles, novels, publications in medicine, psychology and criminology, and other sources, makes it possible to retrace the shifting meanings and practices of blushing over time. Several processes have been identified, such as the racialisation of blushing at the end of the 18th century, its progressive masculinisation and medicalisation from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century and later its psychologisation and re-figuration in digital technologies. The conclusion calls for a historical sociology of the interaction order, or historical microsociology.
Collaborative Planning: The Critical Foundation for Successful Math Interventions
Authors: Allsopp David , Eskelson Samuel L. , van Ingen Lauer Sarah , Hinton Jessica , Farmer Jennie , Hughes Elizabeth K.
Published: April 2024

In this article, we illustrate how mathematics and special education teachers can collaboratively plan together to differentiate mathematics instruction for students with exceptionalities. We describe a structured, collaborative planning protocol that is the first phase of a Mathematics-Specific Consultation for Students with Exceptionalities (MSC-SE). Using the exemplar triad of a third-grade mathematics teacher, a special education resource teacher, and a third-grade student diagnosed with Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD), we show what this planning looks like for the specific content area of fractions. We highlight how these teachers, in collaboration with the student, work together purposefully to understand what her strengths are, why she is having difficulty, and what mathematics-related supports she needs. Within this context, we discuss how the two teachers develop a mathematics instructional hypothesis that provides them a focused and informed foundation for developing an individualized instruction/intervention plan for their student.
Directly processing natural cotton into eco-friendly, highly thermal-insulating textiles via hierarchically self-locking structures
Authors: Chen Feifan , Song Haibo , Liu Chong , Ji Yijun , Su Xuzhong , Sun Fengxin
Published: April 2024

Textiles, serving as a second skin for the human body, play a significant role in regulating the microenvironment temperature, and enhancing thermal comfort of the human body during cold weather. However, the most current methods for enhancing the warmth of fabrics involve complex chemical treatment or the application of advanced materials, thus suffering from potential chemical toxicity (especially for infants), complex processing and high cost. Herein, we report a simple strategy for directly processing cotton roving into environmentally friendly and structurally stable thermal-retention cotton textiles by means of hierarchically self-locking structures. The textile not only shows excellent heat-retention properties and mechanical firmness compared with conventional thermal insulation wadding and certain commercial blankets, but is also environmentally friendly and cost effective. This method may provide a new generation of thermal insulation materials with enhanced health and environmental benefits based on hierarchical structure design and natural textile materials.
The Military and the Family as Greedy Institutions: Then and Now
Authors: Segal Mady Wechsler
Published: April 2024

In response to a request for this 50th anniversary issue of Armed Forces & Society, I was one of the 10 fortunate authors (and their co-authors) whose work was chosen for a commentary about their original article. Mine was “The Military and the Family as Greedy Institutions.” In this new paper, I describe aspects of my career and the research opportunities that enabled me to develop my ideas. I include the importance of mentors and colleagues and I stress that my work built on that of others. I learned much from my students and I cherish their achievements and continuing contributions to advancing our knowledge in this field.
Social Equity and the Responsible Administrator: The Challenge of Equity in Public Policy Initiatives
Authors: Gadson Danielle N. , Park Seri
Published: April 2024

Social equity is a normative value in the field of public administration; however, policy guidance and associated funding rules are often rooted in values of equality. This perspective explores the conditions under which a public administrator’s professional responsibility to social equity goes beyond a program’s requirements for equality-based outcomes. This mismatch often results in extraneous efforts on the part of the administrator to implement creative solutions above and beyond what is funded and required by bureaucratic guidance. Realigning program rules and providing sufficient funding with an eye for equity will provide responsible public administrators with sufficient resources for success.
Primary Vocal Cord Aspergillosis Can Involve the Trachea and Bronchus in Previously Healthy Patients: A Case Report
Authors: Wei Huasheng , Wang Weilin , Bai Qinwen , Li Zhihui
Published: April 2024

Primary vocal cord aspergillosis is extremely rare in immunocompetent individuals, in whom lesions are mainly confined to the larynx, with the possibility of tracheal and bronchial infection largely ignored. In this article, we present a case of primary vocal cord aspergillosis involving the trachea and bronchus in a previously healthy 55-year-old woman. Our case highlights that vocal cord aspergillosis can involve the trachea and bronchus and that laryngoscopy alone may be insufficient to secure a comprehensive diagnosis in healthy patients presenting with hoarseness, pharyngalgia, and normal chest radiography. Furthermore, influenza B virus infection may be a risk factor for this rare disease.
Factor Structure, Reliability, and Convergent Validity of an Ecological Momentary Assessment Binge-Eating Symptoms Scale
Authors: Mason Tyler B. , Morales Jeremy C. , Smith Alex , Smith Kathryn E.
Published: April 2024

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of binge-eating symptoms has deepened our understanding of eating disorders. However, there has been a lack of attention on the psychometrics of EMA binge-eating symptom measures. This paper focused on evaluating the psychometric properties of a four-item binge-eating symptom measure, including multilevel factor structure, reliability, and convergent validity. Forty-nine adults with binge-eating disorder and/or food addiction completed baseline questionnaires and a 10-day EMA protocol. During EMA, participants completed assessments of eating episodes, including four binge-eating symptom items. Analyses included multilevel exploratory factor analysis, computation of omega and intraclass correlation coefficients, and multilevel structural equation models of associations between contextual factors and binge-eating symptoms. A one within-subject factor solution fit the data and showed good multilevel reliability and adequate within-subjects variability. EMA binge-eating symptoms were associated with baseline binge-eating measures as well as relevant EMA eating characteristics: including greater unhealthful food and drink intake; higher perceived taste of food; lower likelihood to be planned eating; and lower likelihood of eating to occur at work/school and other locations and greater likelihood to occur at restaurants compared to home. In conclusion, the study findings support the psychometrics of a 4-item one-factor EMA measure of binge-eating symptoms.
Breaking Bottlenecks: Power distribution dynamics in industry evolution
Authors: Albers Sascha , Gibb Jenny , Stabenow Sebastian , Daft Jost
Published: April 2024

Many firms vie to attain a strategic bottleneck position in their industry, as it promises superior value appropriation over an extended period. Using a mixed-methods approach, we investigated the power dynamics between bottleneck and challenger segments in the airline ticket distribution sector. Our study of the bottleneck formed by the global distribution system (GDS) firms reveals the mechanisms that these firms employed to maintain power, as well as the mechanisms that airlines in the challenger segment used to attain power. These mechanisms strongly influenced the momentum of power shifts as the industry evolved towards greater modularization; we show how they worked recursively in a process of power distribution dynamics during that evolution. In addition, these mechanisms explain the dynamics at work between the incumbent and challenger segments, with airlines increasing the pressure to modularize and the GDS firms resisting that pressure. Our findings contribute to the literature on industry architectural change and industry evolution by providing a comprehensive understanding of the power dynamics that affect when and how strategic bottlenecks dissolve.
Understanding factors influencing the adoption of open science practices among Malaysia's NIH researchers
Authors: Ahmed Mahfooz , Othman Roslina , Noordin Mohamad Fauzan , Ismail Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz bin , Abd Karim Zulkarnain bin , Syed Anera Sharifah Nazeera Binti
Published: April 2024

Background

Open science practices, including research data sharing and reuse, are crucial for advancing scientific knowledge. However, the extent to which Malaysia's National Institutes of Health (NIH) researchers participate in open science remains a subject of inquiry.

Methods

This study employs an exploratory sequential mixed-method approach to investigate the factors influencing Malaysia NIH researchers’ participation in open science practices. The research combines in-depth interviews with key managers and administrators from NIH and a quantitative survey distributed to the researchers. Through in-depth interviews, administrators provide insights into the institute's perspective on open science. At the same time, the survey explores researchers’ views on factors influencing their participation in open science and how these factors influence the data-sharing practices at the institute.

Results

The findings reveal key factors that influence the participation of Malaysia NIH researchers in open science, shedding light on both motivating factors and barriers. The study identifies strategies to promote researchers’ involvement in open science practices through data sharing and highlights the practical implications for the Malaysia NIH and the broader scientific community.

Conclusion

Understanding these factors is essential for enhancing open science participation and fostering a culture of data sharing in Malaysia's scientific research landscape. The study suggests strategies for promoting open science practices and calls for collaborative efforts to maximise the benefits of data sharing and reuse.
Tibial tubercle avulsion fracture following preexisting Osgood-Schlatter disease in an adolescent: a case report
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Yao , Zhang Hai-Rui , Zhou Fang-Zheng , Wang Ao , Liu Xiao-Ning
Published: April 2024

Tibial tubercle avulsion fractures (TTAFs) are rare but typical in children and adolescents and Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) may be involved in their pathogenesis. However, few publications have reported the relationship between OSD and TTAF. A 16-year-old healthy male adolescent presented with pain, swelling and limited range of motion of the right knee following sudden acceleration while running. Based on the radiographic evidence, the patient was diagnosed with an avulsion fracture of the right tibial tubercle and OSD. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed using two cannulated screws and two Kirschner wires. The patient returned to preinjury activity levels at the 12-month follow-up postoperatively. This case report aimed to highlight this unique injury pattern. For patients with TTAFs, not only should the fracture be treated, but the cause of the fracture, such as OSD, should also be given appropriate treatment.
Effects of Wars on Merchant Seafarers: Study on Experiences and Concerns in the Russia-Ukraine War
Authors: Kartal Şaban Emre , Öztürk Orkun Burak , Şanlier Uçak Şengül
Published: April 2024

Merchant seafarers, the key workers of the global economy as stated by the International Maritime Organization, are becoming targets of armed attacks, even if they have nothing to do with weapons. Several ships have been assaulted, and their crew members have suffered in the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war in the Black Sea. There is a developing area of interest in the mental well-being of seafarers; however, current studies mostly focus on the effects of piracy. This research aims to offer a novel model that may identify the effects of war on seafarers, and the importance of each contributing factor that may potentially induce a concern in merchant seafarers. According to the results, financial pressures dominated over other sources of concern, which include life safety risks. The findings of this study may offer valuable data to policymakers for developing strategies with respect to the protection and well-being of seafarers.
Méthodes, techniques et pratiques de recherche sur les consommateurs pauvres : un état de l’art et un vade-mecum
Authors: Rousselet Evelyne , Bonnemaizon Audrey
Published: April 2024

La recherche en marketing sur les consommateurs pauvres s’est développée récemment. Les spécificités de ces consommateurs sont à l’origine de difficultés pour conduire des recherches empiriques. Ceci pose la question de l’adaptation des méthodes et des techniques habituellement mobilisées en marketing pour s’engager empiriquement sur les terrains de la pauvreté. Cet article propose un état de l’art pluridisciplinaire des difficultés rencontrées sur les terrains de la pauvreté permettant aux chercheurs d’en prendre la mesure et de les anticiper. De plus, sur la base d’une revue de littérature des méthodes déployées dans 83 recherches empiriques en marketing et publiées entre 1990 et 2021, il leur fournit un vade-mecum comprenant un questionnement permettant de les guider dans le choix d’un design de recherche. Des recommandations concrètes et détaillées sont également formulées pour faciliter leur engagement dans l’empirie de la pauvreté.
Simulation on metal-rubber contact behavior based on a reconstructed 3D topography of rough surfaces
Authors: Wang Yue , Zou Longqing , Fu Hailong , Huang Congcong , Liu Jiaqi
Published: April 2024

A contact model with refined surface topography is important to the frictional wear study of rubber seal. But the traditional modeling method relies on the measurement of surface characteristics of rubber material, which increases the cost due to high-precision instruments and complex data processing. In the paper, a new modeling method on reconstructing the 3D surface topography is proposed. The coordinate cloud of the surface is generated based on the random distribution of asperity height, which is established according to the initiate parameters of the surface roughness. The metal-rubber assembly model with 3D topography of rough surfaces are built. The simulation on metal-rubber contact behavior is conducted in ANSYS. The result shows a power-exponent relation is between the real contact area and the external pressure, and three contact states of no contact, adhesion and slippage are defined to describe the dynamic distribution of real contact area. The authors proved the reliability of the topography reconstruction method by an indentation experiment on rubber material. The area ratio reflects not only the change rule of contact area under an increasing pressure, but also the difference of contact behavior of the contact pairs under different surface roughness.
Crack-free hard facing options for orifice plate used in oil refinery applications
Authors: Palanisamy Chandramohan , Vasanthan Tamizhinian , Mani Selvakumar , Thulasiram Ramkumar
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to select a suitable tubular wire electrode as an alternative hardfacing material for Stellite 1 in the production of SS304 orifice plates used in oil refineries. It is also intended to develop an efficient deposition procedure for crack-free hardfacing. Compatible cobalt, nickel, and iron-based hardfacing alloys were selected so as to match the hardness and hot hardness properties of stellite 1. Moving heat source analysis was performed to find the heat affected zones and the thermal stress distribution during hardfacing. The significance of weld speed, bead width, and weld concentration on the weld deposition process was analysed using ANSYS, to extract an efficient deposition procedure. The hardfacing alloys were tested for stress and deformation at working temperature (up to 815 οC) to understand the performance. Seven materials were taken into consideration as options along with six parameters. The results revealed a higher longitudinal residual stress of 2000 MPa for Talonite and Tribaloy hardfacing alloys. Colmonoy 6 was found to be having the least stress value of 2186 MPa. Furthermore, the von mises stress values arrived for different conditions showed that the optimal welding condition is 5 mm/s welding speed, 3 mm radius of beam and 455 °C preheat temperature. Microstructural study revealed the dendrite growth in the surface of Colomony 6 hardfacing during solidification, which led to the improvement in mechanical properties.
Factors associated with Cryptosporidium in men who have sex with men: A systematic review
Authors: To Benjaman , Chai Ningyu , Fitzpatrick Colin , Richardson Daniel
Published: April 2024

Background

Cryptosporidium parasites are an important cause of diarrhoea globally and sexual transmission may occur in men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed to systematically review the literature to explore any factors associated with transmission of Cryptosporidium in MSM to provide insight for future guidelines and public health strategies.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science for manuscripts published up to July 2023. A primary author conducted an initial screen of abstracts and full text eligibility, and risk of bias was assessed independently by two authors using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. We used the nine-point synthesis without meta-analysis method to synthesise narrative data. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023374279).

Results

Six manuscripts were included in the final review from the USA ( n = 3), Europe ( n = 1) and Australia ( n = 2) and were case series ( n = 2), cross sectional ( n = 2) and case control studies ( n = 2) published between 1984 and 2021 and overall there were 1582 cases of Cryptosporidium in MSM. We identified demographic factors (living with HIV, younger age [<30 years old], geographical areas [Southern Europe v Northern Europe], previous Treponema pallidum, previous Entamoeba histolytica) and behavioural factors (recreational drug use, higher number of sexual partners and MSM attending sex on premises venues with spa/sauna) associated with Cryptosporidium in MSM.

Conclusions

Despite a small number of manuscripts in this review, we identified demographic and behavioural factors associated with Cryptosporidium in MSM. These data will provide insight for public health interventions for future outbreaks of Cryptosporidium in MSM.
Mapping the distinct patterns of educational and social stratification in European countries
Authors: Gogescu Fiona
Published: April 2024

This article analyses how educational and initial vocational training systems in Europe vary regarding the way in which they structure educational routes for pupils of different academic ability. The study uses cluster analysis to explore the degree of similarity between 25 European countries, including variables related to: stratification within compulsory education; vocational orientation; links between initial vocational education and the labour market; transitions from secondary education; stratification within tertiary education; and links between educational qualifications and labour market outcomes. I identify three clusters of countries that have distinct patterns of stratification. This article contributes to the literature on educational regimes and school-to-work transitions by adding countries from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and integrating multiple dimensions pertaining to the link between educational and social stratification. Thus, it develops a more encompassing representation of the architecture of educational pathways in different European countries.
There Are Multiple Paths to Personalized Education, and They Should Be Combined
Authors: Brod Garvin
Published: April 2024

The ubiquity of digital devices has made it feasible to assign different tasks and levels of support to different learners, also in the classroom. Ideally, this is done with the help of formative assessment software or intelligent tutoring systems. However, personalized assignment of tasks and support levels by a teacher or teaching agent has limitations and is only one path to successful personalization. Self-regulated learning and adaptable learning activities, such as generative learning strategies and differentiating tasks, are promising paths to personalization, too, and combine well with personalized assignment. Initial examples of such combinations are presented. I argue that, in order to be maximally effective, different paths to personalized education need to be combined. This combination promises to boost both immediate learning outcomes and successful learning in the long term, and it is facilitated by recent advances in artificial intelligence.
Blood Pressure and Social Algesia: The Unexpected Relationship Between the Cardiovascular System and Sensitivity to Social Pain
Authors: Inagaki Tristen K. , Gianaros Peter J.
Published: April 2024

Threats to social connectedness in the form of social and societal rejection, and the permanent loss of social bonds, are inevitable and common sources of social pain. However, sensitivity to social pain, also known as algesia, differs across individuals and contexts. Such sensitivity has implications for health, well-being, and the maintenance of social connection over time. What biological factors predict differences in sensitivity to social pain? Based on long-standing translational perspectives and emerging findings, the current review highlights blood pressure as a novel predictor of sensitivity to social pain: Higher resting blood pressure appears to relate to lower sensitivity to social pain. Despite evidence for this association, possible psychobiological bases and moderating influences are not yet established. Moreover, although higher blood pressure may afford tolerance for life’s many pains, the health-related implications and trade-offs of such an effect are unknown.
Investigating the relationship between compassion fatigue and moral injury in nurses
Authors: Ahmadi Mir Hossein , Heidarzadeh Mehdi , Fathiazar Alireza , Ajri-Khameslou Mehdi
Published: April 2024

Background: Compassion fatigue and professional quality of life are important in health and professional ethics. Aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, secondary traumatic stress, and moral injury in nurses. Research design: This research is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The research community of this research was all the nurses of the teaching hospitals of Ardabil city. Three questionnaires on demographic characteristics, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL), and the Moral Injury Events Scale were used to collect data. SPSS (version 22) software was used for data analysis. Participants and research context: The study recruited 297 nurses randomly selected from five teaching hospitals in Ardabil city. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ardabil University of Medical Sciences ethics committee (with the code of ethics IR.ARUMS.REC.1401.198). Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Results: The results showed that the mean compassion satisfaction score of this study’s participants was 37.61 ± 8.86, the mean compassion fatigue score of this study’s participants was 28.73 ± 7.04, and the mean secondary traumatic stress score of this study’s participants was 29.95 ± 7.84. The mean score of moral injury among nurses was 31.19 ± 8.54. The results showed a negative significant relationship between compassion satisfaction and moral injury ( p < 0.001). Also, there is a positive significant relationship between compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress with moral injury ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study show a negative relationship between compassion satisfaction and moral injury. According to the results of the present study, nurse managers should implement educational interventions, create ethical processes, and clear ethical guidelines to reduce moral injury and increase compassion satisfaction.
Investors as members in transnational sustainable finance initiatives: Collectors, mediators and performers
Authors: van der Zwan Natascha , van der Heide Arjen
Published: April 2024

The last 20 years have seen the emergence and proliferation of transnational sustainable finance initiatives (hereafter: TSFI). From associations like the Principles of Responsible Investment to pledges like the Finance for Biodiversity Pledge, investors have connected with each other and with other kinds of organisations in transnational fora dedicated to sustainable finance. Taking inspiration from political economy scholarship on global corporate networks, we apply a network perspective to the transnational governance of sustainable finance, examining the overlaps between investors’ membership in TSFI. In particular, we aim to identify those investors’ that hold a large number of TSFI membership (collectors), that connect centrally located TSFI with those at the margins (mediators), and that take on active roles within TSFI (performers). Analysing membership data for 30 TSFI, totalling 10.602 observations, at three analytical levels, we identify a group of 21 investors holding core positions in the global network. The majority of these investors are active in asset management and located in Nordic or continental European political economies. The predominance of some of the world’s largest investors in our three member categories suggests that the transnational governance of sustainable finance relies in part on the activities of actors that are associated with harmful financial practices. Nevertheless, the simultaneous presence of publicly owned enterprises on our list of most connected members also indicates the importance of public leadership in the transnational governance of sustainable finance.
Using formal theory in evaluation – What is it and how is it used?
Authors: Grey Kim
Published: April 2024

Little information is available about how formal, social science theory has been used in outcome evaluations. This gap exists in debates about what role theory has in evaluation. To help address this, we need to understand variation in formal theory use in real-world practice. This research applied systematic qualitative coding to identify and classify patterns of theory use, followed by qualitative comparative analysis. The terms describing theory are defined and formal theory is differentiated from other kinds of theory, such as program theory. The study found instances of borrowing and repurposing theoretical material in a cohesive sample of 17 outcome evaluation reports covering programs addressing complex social problems, drawn from cross-cultural contexts. Theory was mostly used for post hoc explanation and less often used upfront in framing, design and conduct of evaluation. The concrete approach in the literature of applying formal theory to measure and explain causal pathways to behavioural outcomes was found, as was layered use of a range of theoretical material. This article offers insights that may assist evaluators to undertaken more sophisticated and reflective approaches to using theory. Thinking about ways we use theory could form part of the tool-kit of techniques available to evaluation practice.
Time Perspective and Entrepreneurs’ Alertness
Authors: Levasseur Ludvig , Lanivich Stephen E. , Kalubandi Sai Chittaranjan , Sanaria Apurva
Published: April 2024

Entrepreneurship scholars have much to gain from including time perspective in developing theory about entrepreneurs’ alertness. In this study, interviews with 22 French entrepreneurs revealed associations between their alertness and past-positive, present-hedonistic, and future time perspectives. Complementarily, a sample of 376 U.S. entrepreneurs provided evidence that their present-hedonistic and future time perspectives impacted their alertness; we found mixed support for the relationship between past-positive time perspective and entrepreneurial alertness. A replication analysis with 764 U.K. entrepreneurs corroborated support for our hypotheses.
Institutional Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: The Moderation Effect of Ethical Consideration
Authors: Ahmed Helaluddin
Published: April 2024

This research study aims to examine the impact of institutional artificial intelligence (AI) implementation on students’ academic achievement considering the role of ethical considerations. A quantitative approach was employed and data was collected using a non-probability convenience sampling technique, targeting students from different universities in Bangladesh. A total of 214 valid responses were collected and the partial least squares-structural equation modeling estimation procedure was performed using WarpPLS software. The results demonstrate a positive correlation with the rising trend of AI utilization in higher education. Nonetheless, this connection weakens when ethical aspects are considered as a moderator that highlights the originality of this study.
Exploring the Differences Between Only Children, Typical Siblings, and Siblings With Disabilities on Psychological and Family Systems Constructs
Authors: Shenoy Sunaina , Overton Kathryn , Howells Renée C.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to measure the identity development of individuals who had siblings with disabilities. We compared three sub-populations, namely, only children, individuals who had typical siblings, and individuals who had siblings with disabilities. We developed a survey that included questions on attachment, identity, socio-emotional development, family dynamics, sibling relationships, and responsibility toward siblings with disabilities. Totally, 338 participants completed the survey; out of which 145 had siblings with disabilities, 104 had typical siblings, and 89 were only children. Our results demonstrated that participants differed on several key aspects, including asking for help, expressing emotions, formation, and reliance on friendships, reliance on parental figures, receiving attention from parents, expectations from parents, and reaction to the diagnosis. Our study is one of the few studies that has explored the differences in identity development, socio-emotional development, and family dynamics in adults who are only children, individuals with typical siblings, and individuals with siblings with disabilities. Our study extends the literature in understanding sibling relationships and responsibilities toward siblings with disabilities.