bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The flour of soft wheat in the technologies of food products
Authors: Khomych G. , Horobes A. , Levchenko Y. , Vysotska S. , Korniienko L.
Published: May 2020

The article considers the issue of improving the quality of flour confectionery products through the use of new technologies and different types of raw materials. There is only one type of wheat flour in the retail network of Ukraine, which is characterized as flour with strong or medium gluten. Scientists of NAAS of Ukraine have selectively developed new varieties of soft-grained wheat, which are used to produce extrusion flour. Taking into account the specific properties of extruded flour from soft wheat, it is advisable to explore the possibility of its use in the technology of confectionery and culinary products, in particular, in the production of biscuit flour products and sauces. Analysis of different types of flour and starch was performed on physicochemical and organoleptic parameters. The quality of the finished products was controlled by organoleptic and physicochemical parameters, among which special attention was paid to the indicators of foaming ability, foam stability, moisture and porosity, and in the case of sauces – viscosity. A comparative analysis of wheat flour and soft-grain wheat flour showed that the content of raw gluten in soft-wheat flour is lower by almost 15 %. The hydration capacity of gluten of soft wheat flour is 29 % higher than that of baking flour. The gluten color of soft wheat flour is yellower than the gluten of baking flour, which will affect the color of semi-finished and finished products. It has been determined that for the production of biscuits, it is best to use soft-wheat flour in a mixture with durum flour. According to organoleptic parameters, the highest score was obtained with a sample with a composition of the composite mixture of 60:40, which is also characterized by higher porosity (5 %) compared to the control sample. In samples of sauces with different structurants, their structural and mechanical properties were investigated by determining the dependence of the effective viscosity on the shear rate. It is established that the obtained model systems using structurants based on flour from soft wheat varieties have high structural and mechanical properties without delamination when reheated. The recipe composition and technological process of production of “Nasoloda” and “Béchamel” sauces and a new sponge cake with the use of soft-grade extruded wheat flour have been developed and substantiated. The main indicators of product quality and safety have been studied. The obtained products meet the requirements for organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological safety indicators and can be recommended for use.
Main requirements for food safety management systems under international standards: BRС, IFS, FSSC 22000, ISO 22000, Global GAP, SQF
Authors: Bomba M. Ya. , Susol N. Ya.
Published: May 2020

The research analyzed the international standards basic requirements structure: BRС, IFS, FSSC 22000, ISO 22000, Global GAP, SQF for food safety management systems that realize principles of the HACCP concept. A comparative analysis of the international standards basic requirements for food safety management systems has identified that the requirements structure is identified as an interconnected set of rules, system-structured processes for the purposeful prevention of hazard risks at certain stages or in the food business. The main differences between the standards are in the modification of approaches to the implementation of the HACCP principles, the interpretation of the basic concepts and definitions, the detailed requirements, the application of their own programs of the processes and procedures identification that allow to ensure that the results correspond to the set task. Other differences in standards are at the level of system-elemental, structural, and functional components. Standards have the same goals, so their requirements are similar and have a certain level of identity, much of the difference is at the audit level, which uses different levels, system points and categories. The requirements of all standards are structured and differentiated into mandatory and recommended blocks, which enables companies to gradually implement changes. IFS, FSSC, ISO standards have high level structure (HLS), which is common basis for ISO standards that greatly simplifies the integration of several systems simultaneously in monitoring, action adjustments, audit processes. The GlobalGAP standard requirement system, unlike other considered ones, has a narrow target, which has provided a detailed description, for tracking, a set of indicators for quality and safety including genetically modified organisms and allergens, however, it is compatible with others. Taking into account the globalization of markets conditions in analyzing the international standards requirements, their correlation with global safety-related criteria such as: implementation of the HACCP principles, recognition of the standard GFSI,  providing traceability principles and mechanisms and prerequisites for programs (PRP), validity of the certificate, coherence of processes in the creation of integrated systems with standards ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18000.
Improving the performance of vibration feeders with an electromagnetic vibration drive and a combined vibration system
Authors: Bespalov A. L. , Svidrak I. G. , Boiko O. O.
Published: May 2020

Vibration loading devices are widely used in various branches of mechanical engineering to load piece blanks of automatic machines and automatic lines as well as robotic systems, automated systems and flexible automated production. Vibration devices for transportation and loading of miniature, small and medium-sized products are the most widely used. Modern designs of vibratory feeders, made according to the classical dynamic scheme and having a two-mass oscillating system, do not fully use the energy of the vibratory exciter to perform useful work. In addition, due to the presence of a heavy reactive mass, they have a fairly large weight. When the vibrating feeder is operating, the energy of the vibration exciter is spent on pumping both the hopper, which performs useful work, and the reactive plate, which performs idle vibrations. Thus, part of the energy of the vibration exciter is not used for performing useful work, but is spent idly. To increase the efficiency of the device, increase its performance and reduce its weight and metal consumption, it is necessary to change the design of the vibratory feeder and some of its elements, which affect the redistribution of the oscillation amplitudes of the working (hopper) and reactive mass of the vibratory feeder. Modern production involves the creation of new models of machines with high technical and economic indicators, therefore, improving the efficiency of existing equipment and the development of new schemes of machines is an important task for designers and manufacturers of technological equipment, as the minimum improvement of its technological and operational performance can lead to a tangible economic effect. To solve this problem we developed a new design vibrating hopper feeder, in which the increase of the horizontal component of the oscillation amplitude of the working element (hopper) is not at the expense of increased power of the vibratory exciter, but due to internal redistribution of energy between the elements of the oscillating system that makes better use of the energy of the vibratory exciter to perform useful work, i.e. to increase the coefficient of useful action. In addition, the weight and metal content of the vibrating feeder structure are simultaneously reduced.
Modeling of the worm cutter in the process of cutting the gears
Authors: Grycai I. E. , Topchii V. I. , Svidrak I. G.
Published: May 2020

This work offers a new approach to graphical modeling of worm cutter parameters, based on analyses and synthesis of simple kinematic movements, causing its cutting elements a single move and displacement when placing metal into a hollow between spikes of the gear, which is being cut. It is one of the most difficult cutting and shaping processes, combining four kinematic movements – rotation of the cutters, their axial feed, rotation of the billet and a constructive move – displacement of cutting elements, located on the principle worm helix along the cutter axis. The modeling difficulty is that the cutting surface constantly changes its location and form in relation to the spikes. This surface is formed on the billet as a kind of a transition surface between the untreated surface, the partly treated surface and the partly treated hollow between the spikes of the gear, which is being cut. Its formation is participated by all the spikes, which have performed the cutting during all the time before a certain moment. Continuous change of the transition surface shape and size determines the shape and size of the shavings and the cross-sectional parameters of the spikes slices and the tool blades, and its reproduction is a base for a correct quantitative assessment of the cutting parameters of individual blades and spikes of the cutter. In its turn, complete and authentic information about the cross-sections and the shape and size of metal layers cut during the spike milling is a base for calculating and analysis of the cutting power, the friction force, the thermal processes, fluctuations and vibrations. The algorithm of an instant surface formation between the gear spikes and the shavings 3D geometry on all of the active spikes of the tool are realized in AutoCAD graphic system. Here are given the results of computer modeling of the shavings when using the Archimedean cutter with counter feed. Complete information about geometrical structure of the cut off layers creates the base for a detailed and system modeling of this process abreast the separate warm cutter rails, the spikes and the blades. In combination with intensity of the plastic deformation data, the tension and the temperature received in Deform system  for a certain spike milling condition, the parameters of the cut layers data referred in this work, create the condition for thermo prognostication and the cutting elements waste, their power load, strength protective coatings, cutting force and temperature transition processes, optimum technological processes of spike milling projecting and its managing.
The use of the β-cyclodextrin with iodine in technology of making meatballs and their functional characteristics
Authors: Pasichnyi V. , Ukrainets A. , Chebanenko Kh. , Kamlay I.
Published: May 2020

The pressing issue today is to increase the range of foods that would have increased nutritional value. Therefore, the subject of the study is meatballs cooked on the basis of the thighs of broiler chickens, half fat pork and beef of the first grade. The aim was to create a complete product with high organoleptic characteristics, balanced by biological and nutritional value and to find the optimal concentration of β-cyclodextrin complex with iodine. The article presents a comparative study of functional and technological characteristics of minced meat based on meat of chicken broilers, pork semifinished and first grade beef. According to the research plan, recipe samples were developed that differed in the type of used raw meat materials and complex of iodine with β-cyclodextrin content. The processing of products was carried out by the standard method. Among the examined parameters are selected: the content of moisture, water holding and water retaining capacity, рН, fat content. All measurements were examined after preparation and 30 days of storage. All test specimens had a characteristic pH level according to the type of raw material. The moisture content was characteristic of the raw material used and reached the maximum value for sample 8 after preparation – 46.1 %, and the minimum for sample 2 – 38.3 %. The moisture content of all samples depends on the consistency of the product. Thus, it has the lowest values among the samples for all samples it includes in its recipe a fillet of broiler chickens, which is more sensitive to heat treatment than the raw material used in other specimens. The results of the determination of fat content in the test specimens completely correspond to the average values for this type of raw material. The highest values were obtained in the samples containing pork, the lowest – the red meat of broiler chickens. Improved recipe for meatballs in tomato sauce with the content of the resulting complex β-cyclodextrin with iodine of 4 μg/g of product. The complex has  absence of negative impact on the quality of the finished product, no impact on quality or sensory characteristics, on functional and technological characteristics and shelf life of the finished product. The results show that the substitution of beef in the recipe for broiler chickens allows the production of meatballs with high quality properties.
Investigation of the irritant effects and allergenic properties of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes
Authors: Dukhnitsky V. B. , Derkach I. M. , Derkach S. S. , Fritsky I. O. , Plutenko M. O. , Lozovy V. M.
Published: May 2020

During the preclinical studies of new drugs, the study of the degree of manifestation of their irritant and allergenic effects affects subsequent clinical studies, for example the routes of administration, the need to add excipients to reduce irritation. The article presents the results of studies of the irritant effects and allergenic properties of the Iron in rare unconventional valence – IV. The irritant effect of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes on the skin was studied comprehensively. 20 rabbits were divided into 4 groups (control and three experimental), 5 animals each. The  ointment on the vaseline and aqueous solution of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes was applied to the skin of rabbits of the experimental groups. Also this solution was introduced subcutaneously. The investigated dosage forms were used at a dose of 1 ml/kg body weight (based on the active ingredient 500 mg/kg body weight of the laboratory animal). The results of the studies showed that of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes has no irritant properties when used externally and is characterized by a lack of local reaction by subcutaneous injection. Determination of allergenic properties was performed by detecting itching and swelling in the guinea pigs in animals which were sensitized with this substance. In addition, in order to assess the severity of the inflammatory reaction, the skin temperature was determined before the experiment and on the 20th day of the experiment, and the skin fold thickness was measured using a caliper. The results of the studies showed that there is no allergic action of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes. The results of the ophthalmic test on laboratory animals confirmed the data obtained.Therefore, comprehensive studies of the irritant and allergenic effects of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes were performed for the first time. The Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes in the form of ointment and solution does not irritate the skin and mucous membranes and has no allergenic properties to the body of the laboratory animals.
Effectiveness of the immidacloprid/ivermectin combination for external application (“MEGA STOP” for cats)
Authors: Sapko S. A.
Published: May 2020

Diseases of the skin, inflammation, complications of suppurative processes can be caused by invasion of akariformes and lead to the deterioration of animal health, slimming and intoxication. The aim of this work was to investigate the efficacy of the drug “MEGA STOP” by analyzing the clinical status of the animals and the dynamics of hematological parameters. It was used 15 animals aged from 8 months to 5 years, of both sexes. Examined the General condition of the animals (behavior, reaction to external stimuli, presence of appetite, skin and coat, the color of the mucous membranes and the like). It was performed microscopic examination of scrapings from the affected skin and ears, as well as clinical analysis of blood. The drugs were applied according to the instructions and the invasion of intact skin. In all animals with a flea in a single treatment was effective. The blood counts were normal (the upper and lower lime), except for erythrocytes (below normal from 4.72 % to 2.26 %). It was established, that all animals treated with the drug MEGA STOP at 0 day was deviation in the norm of the indicator red blood cells to decrease from 0.4 of 7.36 %. In the following days of the study (10 and 20 day), indicators are normalized and the condition of the animals improved. The maximum deviation of the blood parameters from the norm were detected in an animal with double invasion (otodectosis and fleas). The study of the animals before treatment were violations of the skin in the affected areas of agents, anemia, leukocytosis and eosinophilia. These changes of the blood, characteristic of allergic and intoxication metabolites acariformes. After the first treatment the condition of the ears and skin, according to the results of clinical examination and microscopy, have improved as the blood counts. After the second treatment the animals of both groups a swab from the ears clean and no clinical manifestations. The high efficacy of the drug “MEGA STOP” for the prevention and treatment of flea infestations and acarosan (notoedres, otodectosis in, demodicosis) in single/double skin applied depending on the degree of infestation.
The influence of vitamin E and C feeding on protein content and ratios of its fractions in broiler chickens serum
Authors: Romanovych L. V.
Published: May 2020

Protein content and the ratio of its fractions were investigated in the serum of broiler chickens during the growing period with the addition of vitamins E and C to their ration. The investigations were performed in one of the farms in Lviv region on four groups of 100 broiler chickens in each, starting from 1- to 41-day-olds. Chickens in the control group received a standard ration, the first experimental diet with tocopherol acetate, the second experimental – ascorbic acid, and the third – a complex of these vitamins. Poultry research were conducted at different ages: 27-, 34-, and 41-day-olds. The content of common protein was determined in blood serum – biuret method and the range of soluble proteins – by vertical electrophoresis in plates of 7.5 % polyacrylamide gel. Conducted research have shown that the use of tocopherol acetate and ascorbic acid supplements to compound feed of broiler chickens caused a rise in serum total protein content. However, these changes were more pronounced in chickens with the combined use of vitamins E and C in all search periods (P < 0.05–0.01), and also in 11-day-old broilers (P < 0.05), who used ascorbic acid supplement. In the search of the ratio of protein fractions was ascertained an increase in the content of γ-globulin fraction in chickens from the search groups regarding controls at 11 and 27 days of age. Herewith the differences were likely to be in broiler chickens, who used the tocopherol acetate supplement. Instead, 11-day-old chicks in this group had a lower b-globulin fraction (P < 0.05). However, in the serum of chickens from the experimental groups regarding control at 41 days of age a significantly higher content of the α-globulin fraction was registered. In general, the results of the searches showed that additional introduction of tocopherol acetate and ascorbic acid to chickens ration has a stimulating influence on the processes of protein biosynthesis and immune function in the organism of chickens in the process of their growth. This influence was more expressed in chickens with the combined use of vitamins E and C.
Ixodid ticks in the Western Ukraine
Authors: Levytska V. A. , Mushynskyi A. B.
Published: May 2020

During the 2018–2019 years, 2884 ticks were collected from five species of animals, including pets (dogs and cats), cattle (cows and horses) and wildlife (wild boar) in Khmelnytsky, Chernivtsi and Vinnytsia regions. Ixodid ticks were identified as: D. reticulatus (2370; 82.2 % of all collected ticks), I. ricinus 510 (17.7 %) and 4 of I. hexagonus (0.1 %) from cats. Adult D. reticulatus (77 %) and I. ricinus (23 %) were detected in dogs. Ixodid ticks collected from horses were D. reticulatus (95 %) and I. ricinus (5 %), and from cows – D. reticulatus (93 %) and I. ricinus (7 %). I. ricinus was the predominant tick collected from cats (58 %). 100 % of D. reticulatus was collected from wild boars. Most ticks were collected during the spring tick activity between March and May. However, D. reticulatus was found on animals every month, including the winter. D. reticulatus males accounted for the overwhelming majority of ticks collected in winter (68 % for dogs, 84 % for wild boars). In all other seasons D. reticulatus females prevailed – 66 % in dogs, 77 % in horses and 71 % in cattle, in all areas. In addition, 4 females of I. hexagonus were removed from the cat in June. The average number of ticks per animal was about three ticks among dogs, two in cats, fourteen in cattle, seven in horses and seven in wild boars. Particularly high amount of D. reticulatus was recorded on cattle and horses in the spring. The relatively high amount of I. ricinus was observed in cats in the spring months. To evaluate the natural biocenoses of the three ticks species in the study areas, the ticks were collected using a flag in urban parks and rural areas. Two types of ticks were found in open areas. The density of adult D. reticulatus ticks in the open areas was relatively high, above 20 mites/1000 m2 in most places. The density of adult ticks of I. ricinus was significantly lower in the typical habitat (forests), within 3 mites/1000 m2, several times lower than the density of D. reticulatus in the typical habitat. Thus, in the western regions of Ukraine, two species of I. ricinus and D. reticulatus mites are widespread in natural biocenoses, as well as in farm and domestic animals, D. reticulatus is the dominant species. This type of tick is active throughout the year, so constant preventive treatment of animals is required to prevent infection with tick-borne diseases.
STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME PADA PASIEN HIV
Authors: Citra Bevi Dewi , Masri Raveinal
Published: May 2020

Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) are form of drugs hypersensitivity reaction with high morbidity besides Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). HIV-patients are one of the population with higher risk. Its due to, in this population had multifactorial aspects and related with drug metabolism, dysregulation of the immune systems (immune hyperactivation, patients cytokine profile and CD4 cell count), oxidative stress, genetic predisposition,and viral factors. A case of female, 42 years old, who had been known as HIV patients with clinical stage 3 had Stevens Johnson Syndrome. Allegedly, it caused by antiretroviral drugs (nevirapine), which she consumed for 3 weeks. Patient also has fever and  hepatitis drug induced. For the the treatment, we stopped previous  combination of antiretroviral drugs immediately and replaced by another combination. Furthermore, patient also had corticosteroid therapy and others supportive treatments, such as intra venous fluid, adequate nutrition, antibiotic, antifungal and also had eyelid, oral, nose and skin treatment. Patient showed clinical improvements and and improvement of liver function test after received treatments for one week in hospital  

Keywords: Stevens Johnson Syndrome, HIV, antiretroviral
ANALISIS KOMPARASI ALGORITMA KLASIFIKASI DATA MINING UNTUK PREDIKSI PENJURUSAN SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA) PRAMITA KARAWACI TANGERANG
Authors: Yulianti Henny
Published: May 2020

Penjurusan merupakan salah satu faktor penting di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Dikarenakan akan mempengaruhi hasil belajar dan menyangkut karir dari peserta didik dimasa depan. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan metode untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut. Data mining merupakan metode untuk mengolah data dari data yang tidak mempunyai arti menjadi sebuah informasi yang berguna. Salah satu algoritma data mining adalah algoritma klasifikasi. Berbagai algoritma klasifikasi yang ada bisa digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat akurasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma decision tree dan naïve bayes. Data yang digunakan sebanyak 365 peserta didik di SMA Pramita Karawaci Tangerang. Hasil dari penelitian untuk mengetahui algoritma klasifikasi yang paling akurat untuk menentukan penjurusan peserta didik SMA.
Gneiting Class, Semi-Metric Spaces and Isometric Embeddings
Authors: Menegatto Valdir , Oliveira Claudemir , Porcu Emilio
Published: May 2020

This paper revisits the Gneiting class of positive definite kernels originally proposed as a class of covariance functions for space-time processes.\ Under the framework of quasi-metric spaces and isometric embeddings, the paper proposes a general and unifying framework that encompasses results provided by earlier literature.\ Our results allow to study the positive definiteness of the Gneiting class over products of either Euclidean spaces or high dimensional spheres and quasi-metric spaces.\ In turn, Gneiting's theorem is proved here by a direct construction, eluding Fourier inversion (the so-called Gneiting's lemma) and convergence arguments that are required by Gneiting to preserve an integrability assumption.
Erratum: COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 14. Reporting week ending 23:59 AEST 3 May 2020
Authors:   COVID-19 National Incident Room Surveillance Team
Published: May 2020

An error in data processing resulted in the tabulation of incorrect CFR values, for age groups of 50–59 and above, in Table 5 (Crude Case Fatality Rate of all cases and hospitalised cases, by age group) as originally published in the COVID-19 (Australia) epidemiology report 14 (https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2020.44.42). The table below provides the corrected values.
NATURAL AND TECHNOGENIC RADIONUCLIDES IN SOILS IN A SMALL RUSSIAN ARCTIC TOWN
Authors: Kriauciunas V. V. , Kuznetsova I. A. , Kotova E. I. , Iglovsky S. A. , Mironenko K. A. , Sukhanov S. G.
Published: May 2020

The Onega District is among the first ten municipalities of the Arkhangelsk Region with the highest incidence of neoplasms warranting radiological studies. The aim of this research was to study content and distribution of natural and technogenic radionuclides in the urban soils of the Onega municipality and to identify the main low-intensity radioactive anomalies as well as to provide an objective assessment of radiation risks to health of the local population. Methods: A total of 99 soil samples were taken in several parts of the town. Specific activity of radionuclides was assessed using a gamma spectrometer. Standard soil-morphological, soil-geochemical, radiometric, mathematical-statistical and cartographic methods were applied. Results. Color contrast of the soils in different areas indicates the preservation of their relationship with the parent soil. The values of the effective specific activity of natural radionuclides in soil samples ranged from 28 to 99 Bq/kg. Low-intensity radioactive anomalies were revealed for the first time in town. It was determined that the composition of the town's soils ensures that the effective specific activity of natural radionuclides is not exceeded for materials of classes I and II used in construction. Conclusions. The revealed low-intensity radioactive anomalies can be associated with the influx of radionuclides into the soil as a part of coal combustion products in the local heating stations taking into account the active use of coal combustion products by the local population. It is necessary to assess the long-term effect of low-intensity radioactive anomalies on the population. Further research should concentrate on associations between the epidemiological patterns of diseases and radioactivity in Onega.
ENDOECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Davidovich N. V. , Solovieva N. V. , Bashilova E. N. , Bazhukova T. A.
Published: May 2020

The problem of irrational use of antibacterial drugs and the rapidly growing antibiotic resistance can be viewed as an endoecological disaster and a threat to modern society. According to the forecasts of the World Health Organization and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the mortality rate due to infectious diseases by 2050 will constitute 10 million people a year and will join neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases as the leading causes of death. On the other hand, the development of antibiotic resistance is a part of the evolution of bacteria and their adaptation to new living conditions. Since the discovery of penicillinno antimicrobial drug has escaped the appearance of bacterial resistance. From the moment a new antibiotic is discovered until the first strains of microorganisms become resistant to it, 1-2 years pass, indicating a high variability and plasticity of the bacterial genetic apparatus. This literature review summarizes the evidence on the main evolutionary and pathogenetic aspects of the emergence of bacterial resistance ways to reduce the problem of antibiotic resistance. The mechanisms of action of both lethal and subinhibitory concentrations of antibacterial drugs on the bacterial population, aspects of selection of bacteria with an increased number of mutations, as well as methods for increasing the number of mutations of microorganisms due to the direct mutagenic effect of antibiotics, including oxidative damage, nucleotide pool imbalance and general reactions to stress are described. However, the most important mechanism for the evolution and adaptation of bacteria, including escape from the immune response, as well as the distribution of genes that increase virulence and resistance to antibiotics, is to obtain foreign DNA sequences from other organisms through horizontal gene transfer. Thus, the knowledge of the mechanisms of resistance can help prevent the misuse of antibiotics and become a critical step in understanding the ecology and evolution of bacteria and their symbiotic relationships with a human organism.
IMPACT OF ANTI-TOBACCO POLICY MEASURES ON ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND UNSTABLE ANGINA HOSPITALIZATION RATES IN THREE RUSSIAN REGIONS
Authors: Kontsevaya A. V. , Agishina T. A. , Gambaryan M. G. , Duplyakov D. V. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: May 2020

Aim: to study the impact of anti-smoking measures within the Federal Law N 15-FL on the number of hospitalization of patients with acute cardiovascular conditions in the Samara and Arkhangelsk Regions and the Chuvash Republic. Methods: Monthly hospitalization rates for acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina were analyzed usinginterrupted time series by means of the STATA 15.0 software package, which includes the ITS module in three regions of the Russian Federation from 01.01.2012 to 31.12.2017, and by gender (men and women) and age (0-59 years and 60 years and older). Results. Reduction in hospital incidence after each stage of the anti-tobacco policy was obwerved in two of the three regions. In the Samara Region we observed a reductionby 16.3 % in 2013 and by 18.4 % in 2014 for unstable angina and by 10.6 % in 2013 and by 10.5 % in 2014 for acute myocardial infarction, respectively. In the Arkhangelsk Region the number of hospitalizations decreased by 14.3 % in 2013 and by 14.4 % in 2014 for unstable angina, and by 7.5 % in 2013 and by 7.7 % in 2014 for acute myocardial infarction. No significant decrease was observed in the Chuvash Republic. Gender stratification revealed a decrease in the hospital incidence of acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina in women in the Samara and Arkhangelsk Regions, and in men - only in the Samara region. The percentage of reduction in unstable angina was higher than in the acute myocardial infarction. An analysis of age groups in the Samara Region showed a decrease in the number of hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina in both age groups, and in the Arkhangelsk Region only in people over 60 years of age. Conclusions: anti-tobacco legislation introduced in Russia in 2013 and 2014 is likely to have contributed to a decrease in the number of hospitalizations for acute cardiovascular diseases, but the effect varied across genders and age-groups.
ENVIRONMENTAL LEAD CONCENTRATIONS AND INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN THE KIZILYURT DISTRICT, DAGESTAN
Authors: Yahyaev M. A. , Salikhov Sh. K. , Kurbanova Z. V. , Abusueva B. A. , Luganova S. G.
Published: May 2020

The aim was to studyassociations between the Lead content in the environment (soil, water sources, food) and the incidence of hypertensionamong residents of the KiziLyurt district, Dagestan. Methods. An ecological study.Data on the incidence of hypertension were obtained from the documentation at KiziLyurt Central District Hospital. Assessment of Lead concentrations in the soils was performed by a mobiLe laboratory for environmentaL monitoring of the Dagestan State University. Lead concentrations were estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry at MGA-915MD, based on the extraction of an eLement from soiL sampLes and the subsequent determination of mass concentration. The Lead content in water and food sampLes was determined by the AAS method in the eLectrothermaL atomization mode on a contrAA 700 spectrometer (AnaLytik Jena AG, Germany). The data were presented as meansand standard deviations. Distribution of numeric data was assessed using Shapiro-WiLk test. Associations between Lead concentrations and the incidence of hypertension were studies using Pearson's correction coefficients. One-Way ANOVA test was used to identify differences between settLements in terms of Lead content in soiLs, water, and food products. Results. A strong positive correction was found between the concentrations of Lead in environmentaL objects (soiL, water, food) and theincidence of hypertension (r varied between 0.97 and 0.99). Conclusions. The higher Lead concentrations in the environment are associated with the higher incidence of hypertension. Lead in soiLs can be considered as an important factor for the deveLopment of essentiaL hypertension
AIR TEMPERATURE AND OZONE CONCENTRATION AS RISK FACTORS FOR LIFE-THREATENING CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS IN SOUTHERN RUSSIA
Authors: Evstafeva E. V. , Lapchenko V. A. , Macarova A. S. , Abibullaeva N. K. , Evstafeva I. A.
Published: May 2020

Heat waves and increasing tropospheric ozone concentration accompanying global warming are recognized as risk factors for public health. The aim of the study was to assess the associations between atmospheric air temperature, ozone concentration as risk factors for life-threatening cardiovascular conditions in Southern Russia. Methods. An ecological study was performed. The number of ambulance calls (the monthly average for 2017 and daily for January, April, July and October) for acute cerebrovascular conditions, hypertensive crises, and acute myocardial infarction were analyzed. Data on mean daily air temperature was obtained from the weather reports (https://rp5. ru). The ozone concentration was determined by the optical method using an automatic gas analyzer at the environmental monitoring station in the Karadagsky State Nature Reserve. Spearman nonparametric correlation analysis was applied to study associations between the outcomes and the selected environmental conditions. Results. During 2017, the average daily concentration of ozone in the surface layer of the atmosphere exceeded the norm by 50-150 %s. The largest number of significant correlations between all recorded cardiovascular life-threatening conditions and air temperature and ozone concentration was detected in July (0,38 < rs < 0,79; all p-values < 0,05). In other seasons of the year, this correlation was somewhat weaker (0,43 < rs < 0,47; all p-values < 0,05). Associations between hypertensive crises and myocardial infarction and average daily temperature were found in January. An association between myocardial infarction and the surface ozone concentration was observed in October. Conclusion. The maximum number of emergency conditions occurring in the summer months may be associated with the synergistic effects of of high levels of ozone and air temperature.
ESTIMATION METHOD OF CONTRIBUTION OF CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY TO LIFE EXPECTANCY
Authors: Mironova A. A. , Narkevich A. N. , Vinogradov K. A. , Kurbanismayilov R. B. , Grjibovski A. M.
Published: May 2020

An increase in life expectancy is one of the main strategic objectives declared by the Russian Federation. Thus, an understanding of how this objective can be achieved with available recourses in the most efficient way is warranted. We propose an automated method for estimating the contribution of cause-specific mortaLity to Life expectancy. To iLLustrate the proposed method, we used the data from primary mortality databases in the Krasnoyarsk region - one of the largest federal subjects of the Russian Federation - and the data on the average population of the of the region from 1999 to 2018 from the Federal state statistics office in Krasnoyarsk, Khakassia Republic and Tyva Republic. A computer program "DeathAnaLytics" has been developed by the authors for automated calculation of the contribution of cause-specific mortality to Life expectancy. The main idea behind is to calculate an integral indicator that takes into account both the contribution of deaths from various causes and the absolute number of these deaths. The paper presents the stages of calculation, interpretation and a practical example. The use of the methodology presented in the article aLLows to identify the causes of death that have the greatest impact contribution to reduction of Life expectancy, which in turn aLLows to identify targets for pubLic heaLth measures that wiLL most effectiveLy increase Life expectancy of the popuLation.
Methanol / Dimethyl Ether Catalytic Transformation Over Zn-modified H-ZSN-5 Zeolite
Authors: Dziuba M. , Navrotskaya I. , Brovko R. , Doluda V.
Published: May 2020

The universally depleting reserves of traditional hydrocarbons require the development of a technology for producing synthetic hydrocarbons from renewable sources or human waste. Currently, among the possible methods for producing synthetic hydrocarbons, it is necessary to note the Fischer–Tropsch method and the method of methanol / dimethyl ether catalytic transformation. Moreover, the production of synthetic hydrocarbons from synthesis gas — the Fischer–Tropsch method, is suitable for the production of linear hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons synthesis using methanol / dimethyl ether is suitable for the production of olefins, branched paraffins, aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Depending on the synthesis conditions, it is possible to preferentially obtain a certain type of hydrocarbon, which significantly increases the value of this process. In this article modification of zeolite type H-ZSM-5 with zinc is studied in order to increase the yield of liquid hydrocarbons. Zeolite in acid form was treated with zinс acetate solutions of different concentrations, followed by calcination of the samples. The efficiency of the catalysts was studied in a flow tube reactor set-up, and the surface acidity of the samples was also determined. An increase in the zinc content in zeolite contributed to a decrease in the acidity of the samples and modification of their active centers. However, at high zinc content, a separate oxide phase forms, which contributes to a slight increase in acidity. Modification of zeolite with zinc leads to a decrease in the rate of transformation of dimethyl ether and the rate of liquid hydrocarbons formation. However, a general decrease in acidity and modification of zeolite with zinc contributes to a significant decrease in the amount of heavy aromatic compounds formed, with an increase in the amount of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons being formed.
Molecular Genetic Analysis of a Rare Plant Species Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. of Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Pinaeva Yu. , Beltyukova N. , Prishnivskaya Yu. , Sultangazina G. , Beishova I. , Ulianov V. , Beishov R.
Published: May 2020

The genetic diversity of 5 cenopopulations of the rare plant species Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill, located on the territories of Pavlodar, Akmola and Kostanay regions, Kazakhstan Republic, was studied. Intermicrosatellite DNA analysis (ISSR — Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) was used to determine the indicators of genetic diversity. Polymerase chain reaction with 5 primers: ISSR-1, ISSR-3, M1, M27, X11 was performed. The number of polymorphic DNA fragments in the total plant samples ranged from 9 to 28. Fragment’s size ranged from 200 to 1420 bp. The percentage of polymorphic loci in the total sample P. patens was 0.965. Expected heterozygosity is 0.162, and the number of effective alleles is 1.361. Indicators of genetic diversity are higher in the cenopopulation from the Kostanay region (Borovskoe village): HE =0.209, ne =1.743, and lower in the population from the Pavlodar region: HE =0.131, ne =1.597. Two rare DNA fragments were found in the studied P. patens cenopopulations: in cenopopulation from the Pavlodar region and in cenopopulation from the Akmola region (village Yerementau). Cenopopulation from the Kostanay region (village Borovskoe) has the most balanced diversity structure: h=0.139, and cenopopulation of the Kostanay region (village Kamensk-Uralsk) is the least balanced: h = 0.188. The Shannon Index revealed the greatest diversity in the cenopopulation from the Kostanay region (village Borovskoe) I=0.327, and the lowest diversity in cenopopulation from the Pavlodar region I=0.215.
Prediction of the Anxiolytic Action Mediated by the GABA A Receptor by the Molecular Docking Method
Authors: Gendugov T. , Glushko A. , Chiriapkin A. , Chiriapkin V.
Published: May 2020

The article considers the study in silico of the affinity of 3-[2-oxo-2-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl]-4(3H)-quinazolinone (VMA-10-21 compound) to the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABA А receptor by molecular docking method. The computational experiment was carried out using a set of Autodock programs. As a result, the method for predicting the affinity of the simulated compounds to the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABA A receptor was developed. The highest correlation coefficient between the pKi value and the average docking energy in the benzodiazepine binding site (0.54) was obtained using a set of amino acids Tyr 58 and Tyr 159. The predicted Ki value of the VMA-10-21 compound is 2.864 nM, which suggests a high affinity of the studied compound to this receptor.
Forest Transformation in the Southeastern Part of the Greater Caucasus
Authors: Ismailova N.
Published: May 2020

Three experimental plots of beech–hornbeam–oak mixed forests of the southeastern part of the Greater Caucasus were examined. Biometric and phytocenological observations were carried out, species composition and fullness of forests, growth, diameter and height of trees. The report of the forestry department of the southeastern part of the Greater Caucasus is analyzed. The transformation of hornbeam forests in the southeastern part of the Greater Caucasus occurred as a result of the destruction of beech forests and restoration of forestry. Over the past 50–60, and in some places in the southeastern part of the Greater Caucasus for 100 years, on the site of cut down valuable beech forests, hornbeam, hornbeam–linden and hornbeam–oak forests have formed. The physiological and environmental parameters of the hornbeam and other trees and shrubs allow them to successfully grow in place of logged beech forests and fill artificially formed bared spaces. The transformation of dominant plants by artificial or natural means in accordance with the laws of biogeocenology, in turn, contributes to a change in the whole structure and appearance of the environment.
Integrated Ecological Evaluation of the Biocenosis of the Altyaghach National Park
Authors: Mammadov G. , Sultanov E. , Agabalaev F.
Published: May 2020

Discusses aspects of environmental assessment of biocenoses in protected areas of the country. Due to the high anthropogenic press, there is a need for an environmental assessment of soil and vegetation cover and avifauna in specific changing environmental conditions in Altyaghach National Park. As a result of studies on various parameters, estimated ecological scales were compiled for the soil, vegetation cover and for the avifauna of this territory. Based on the compiled scales, ecological assessments for biotopes were calculated. The highest average ecological value is estimated for the residential biotope 87, and the lowest in the mountain–steppe biotope 62, for the dense forest biotope 82 and 69 for woodland forest. The Altyaghach National Park has an average ecological rating of 89 for the land cover, 68 for the vegetation cover and 69 for the avifauna. The total ecological assessment based on the three ecosystem components throughout in the Altyaghach National Park is an average of 75 points.
The Abundance and Biomass Dynamic of Populations the Black Sea Macrozooplankton
Authors: Louppova N.
Published: May 2020

The abundance and biomass dynamic of massive macrozooplankton of the Black Sea was studied over 3 years. Data on the dates of mass reproduction of Jellyfish Aurelia aurita and Ctenophore invaders Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata were obtained. The dependence of M. leidyi reproduction on the season and temperature of the medium was established, and for the other two gelatinous, on the successful reproduction of Mnemiopsis.
Immunological Mechanisms of Skin Protection
Authors: Jiemuratova G. , Janabaeva G. , Otekeeva S.
Published: May 2020

The review highlights the state of the skin as an organ of immunogenesis due to the presence in it of various populations of immunocompetent cells: T-, B-lymphocytes, NK- and dendritic cells, which are so important for the development of the immune response. This gives the skin the opportunity to perform a number of physiological functions important for the body: recognition of antigenic material and its elimination, extrathymic differentiation of immature cells into T-lymphocytes, immunological surveillance of tumor cells and others. The variety of cells included in the immune system of the skin, as well as the diversity of their functions explain the fact that at the skin level, all types of immunopathological syndromes (immunodeficiency, autoimmune, allergic, lymphoproliferative) can occur.
Methods of Prevention and Physical Rehabilitation of Children With Scoliosis
Authors: Kalmuratova B. , Tursynbekova N. , Bekniyazova N.
Published: May 2020

The paper considers the results of assessing the impact of physical culture and sports on the prevention of scoliosis in children and adolescents. As a result of the implementation of consistent measures for the education and restoration of health of students, the number of children with scoliosis is reduced and completely recovered. The data obtained confirm that sports have a beneficial effect on the development and health of children.
Value of Physical Activity in Rehabilitation of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Utepbergenova G. , Kalenderova G. , Tursynbekova H.
Published: May 2020

A review of the literature on the prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis, physical activity of patients, its role in the development of functional problems that cause restriction of life and decrease in the quality of life, as well as the effectiveness of physical exercise (exercise therapy, physical therapy) in the treatment of this pathology. Particular attention is paid to the good tolerability of exercise therapy, which some authors call additional treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, improving the functional state, but not affecting the course and outcome of the disease.