bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
'What's in a Name?'
Authors: McKay Belinda
Published: May 2014

‘What’s in a name?’ asks the title of one of Ellerton Gay’s short stories. The pseudonym, which was evidently an open secret in her lifetime, has subsequently obscured ‘Ellerton Gay’ and her creator, Emma Watts Grimes, from the view of literary historians: Patrick Buckridge and I, for example, overlooked her in our historical survey of literature in Queensland, By the book (2007). Until very recently, the AustLit Database listed her as male, with no further biographical details, and — despite its recent facsimile republication of her novel, Drifting under the Southern Cross (1890) — the British Library fails to make the link between Ellerton Gay and Emma Watts Grimes in its catalogue entry. The reissue of this novel, justifiably ‘much admired’ in its own time, suggests that its elusive author is worth a reappraisal. Since Ellerton Gay’s oeuvre draws extensively on the lived experience of Emma Watts Grimes and her extended family, this article provides a biographical sketch before discussing the fictional works.
Shadowing Vida Lahey
Authors: Lovell Sue
Published: May 2014

In bumper-to-bumper traffic along the Pacific Motorway at dusk, I edge south past the Logan Road exit towards the Gold Coast. Vehicles moving easily north have already put their headlights on. Flying foxes are massing against the darkening sky. These native megabats will find their way to food using their sharp eyes and sense of smell. As I watch, I am reminded of the microbats of another hemisphere. Those blind bats had prompted Thomas Nagel’s famous paper, ‘What is it like to be a bat?’
PUPILS’ CHOICES AND SOCIAL MOBILITY AFTER THE THIRTY YEARS WAR: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY
Authors: ROSS ALAN S.
Published: May 2014

This article presents the main findings of the first detailed reconstruction of the pattern of attendance at an early modern German school, based on the exceptionally preserved matriculation records of the Latin (grammar) school of Zwickau/Saxony in the second half of the seventeenth century. It investigates pupils’ social background, their geographical mobility, and reconstructs their educational choices. Prevailing top-down perspectives on early modern education obscure the range of choices available to pupils. This article argues that substantial social mobility into learned professions formed the backdrop to the preoccupation with rank and distinction within the Republic of Letters in the Holy Roman Empire.
Frederick Douglass's “Our National Capital”: Updating L'Enfant for an Era of Integration
Authors: CULBERTSON GRAHAM
Published: May 2014

In this article I argue that scholars have been insufficiently attentive to Frederick Douglass's engagement with American cities, particularly Washington, DC. I show that Frederick Douglass's 1877 speech “Our National Capital” should not be relegated, as it usually is, to an autobiographical footnote, but is in fact an important document both in Douglass's philosophy and in the history of Washington, DC. This essay places that speech in both of those traditions. First, I give a brief account of Pierre L'Enfant's late eighteenth-century plans for Washington, DC as a cosmopolitan and regionally inclusive place, then use several figures, including Charles Dickens and Eastman Johnson, to show that actually existing DC failed to meet those ideals. The bulk of the essay then shows that Douglass's speech has great affinities with L'Enfant's original ideas, with Douglass adding the crucially important category of race to L'Enfant's vision for the city. I also use a number of Douglass's other writings, including speeches, essays, and autobiographies, to show that “Our National Capital” can serve as a capstone for Douglass's career, in which he articulates how an urban environment should function if it is to live up to his ideals.
Determinants of attitudes to carnivores: implications for mitigating human–carnivore conflict on South African farmland
Authors: Thorn Michelle , Green Matthew , Marnewick Kelly , Scott Dawn M.
Published: May 2014

Human–wildlife conflict is increasingly prevalent, particularly in relation to carnivores in non-protected areas of Africa. Quantifying the attitudes of land owners towards carnivores and understanding the factors that influence these attitudes are instrumental in conservation planning and reducing persecution-related threats to carnivores. However, information about attitudes to carnivores in Africa, and South Africa in particular, is scarce. To obtain such data we interviewed 170 commercial game and livestock farmers in two ecologically important rural areas of northern South Africa. Responses to statements about carnivore management, stock protection and predation were generally positive. However, 62% of respondents believed carnivores to be financially damaging and 35% thought them overly abundant. Many respondents (41%) were unwilling to tolerate even low levels of predation and considered persecution of carnivores to be the cheapest form of stock protection (31%). Attitudes were significantly more positive among respondents who did not kill carnivores than among those who did. Generalized linear regression coupled with information-theoretic analysis showed that attitudes to carnivores were determined by a combination of cultural and land-use attributes more than by economic factors such as stock holdings or predation losses. The results elucidate potential targets for mitigation activities and facilitate the development of communication, education and extension activities specifically designed to appeal to intended recipients and address prevalent motives for persecuting carnivores.
Adult input and children's acquisition of Creole syntax
Authors: Syea Anand
Published: May 2014

This book examines the acquisition of syntax in Seselwa and Morisyen children. Seselwa and Morisyen are historically related creoles spoken in the Seychelles and Mauritius, respectively. Working within Chomsky's (1981) framework, Adone focuses on the acquisition of (non-)reflexive pronouns, double object constructions (DOCs), passive and serial verb constructions (SVCs).
The Irish English Resource Centre: a gateway to studying Irish English
Authors: Van Hattum Marije
Published: May 2014

The Irish English Resource Centre is a website developed and maintained by Raymond Hickey, Professor in Linguistics at the University of Duisburg and Essen, a renowned expert on the variety of English spoken in Ireland. The website aims to ‘make material on the historical and regional diversity of Irish English, in the north and south of the country, and information on the sociolinguistics of present-day varieties, available to the interested public’. The contents are divided into twelve sections, which can be accessed in different ways: (i) Introduction, (ii) Levels, (iii) Urban varieties, (iv) Ulster, (v) Surveys and data, (vi) Transportation, (vii) Wider context, (viii) Search, (ix) Links, (x) Research, (xi) References, and (xii) Maps.
The concept of identity in the East Midlands of England
Authors: Braber Natalie
Published: May 2014

When considering dialectal variation in the UK, linguists have frequently considered
the North/South divide and the linguistic markers separating the two regions (see for
example Trudgill, 1999; Wells, 1986). But it has been noted that this is not a
straightforward division (e.g. Beal, 2008; Goodey, Gold, Duffett & Spencer,
1971; Montgomery, 2007; Wales, 2002). There are clear stereotypes for the North and
South – but how do areas like the East Midlands fit into the picture? The boundaries
between North and South are defined in different ways. Beal's linguistic North does
not include the East Midlands (Beal, 2008: 124–5), neither does Wales’ (2002: 48).
Trudgill states that in traditional dialectology the East Midlands area falls under
‘Central’ dialects, which come under the ‘Southern’ branch, but in modern
dialectology it falls in the ‘North’. Hughes, Trudgill & Watt (2005: 70)
include a map which has the East Midlands in the North. Linguistically, the question
has been raised whether there is a clear North/South boundary (see for example Upton
(2012), where it is proposed that it is a transition zone). This paper revisits this
question from the point of view of young people living in the East Midlands, to
examine their sense of identity and whether this cultural divide is salient to
them.
Teaching English to North Korean refugees with PSCORE: an interview with EFL tutor Christine Pickering
Authors: David-West Alzo , Suh Sora
Published: May 2014

The following interview with Christine Pickering, an instructor of English as a foreign language at Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea, discusses teaching English to North Korean refugees with People for Successful Corean Reunification (PSCORE). A non-profit nongovernmental organization and human rights-national unification initiative, PSCORE was founded in 2006 in Seoul and has an office in Washington, D.C., with support from the U.S. State Department. PSCORE offers a one-on-one education program and free volunteer tutoring in computers, languages, mathematics, and other subjects, serving some 140 North Korean refugees as they adjust to life and employment competition in South Korea. The interviewers thank Mr. Bada Nam, PSCORE secretary general, and Ms. Jeongeun Ahn, PSCORE research manager, for approving the interview. The interview questions were prepared by Alzo David-West, and the interview was conducted in person by Sora Suh on August 1, 2012, at a PSCORE teaching location in Seoul. All personal names of North Korean refugee students have been removed.
Integrating World Englishes into a university conversation class in South Korea
Authors: Tanghe Shannon
Published: May 2014

Almost three decades have passed since Kachru (1985) proposed his three-circle model of World Englishes. Although this model is often challenged, few would deny its significance in opening the dialogue and raising awareness of issues related to World Englishes. The context of the project described in this paper is South Korea, one of what Kachru's model refers to as an ‘expanding circle country’. Reflecting on the idea of South Korea as an ‘expanding circle country’, this article briefly examines how Korea has expanded and continues to expand as a nation, juxtaposing it alongside the university speaking class I was teaching, as I look toward expanding both my own and my students' minds through exploring World Englishes within a university speaking course.
Who Was Rex Boustead? An Excursus on the Mombasa Club's First Proprietor
Authors: Frankl P.J.L.
Published: May 2014

In a previous article in History in Africa the rules and regulations of the Mombasa Club, dating from 1903 or earlier, were laid out (Frankl 2001). Since that article was written, the original Mombasa Club Rules, a booklet of sixteen pages printed in Mombasa and dated 1899, has come to light in the Public Record Office at Kew. One of the three signatories to that document was Rex Boustead, Proprietor. Edward Rodwell (1988:20) asked “Who was Rex Boustead?” This paper attempts to answer that question.

Altogether there were six Boustead children, of whom Rex was the last born. The Bousteads, originally from Cumrenton in Cumberland, were connected with Ceylon from the early nineteenth century. Rex's paternal grandfather, John Boustead St., was paymaster of the Ceylon Rifles Regiment for more than half a century. Rex's father, John Boustead Jr. (1822-1904)—his occupation is given as “Army Agent” in Rex's birth certificate—was an only son, the second of five children. He married Augusta Phoebe Twentyman (1824-1911) at St Mary's Walthamstow in 1853; between 1854 and 1863 she gave birth to six children. John Boustead Jr. had several estates in Ceylon, and it is clear from his will that he was a moderately wealthy man, for he left £6662, a not inconsiderable sum in 1904.

All the children of John Boustead junior were born in England, all married, and all died in England. Of the boys, all except Rex went to Harrow School. John Melvill (known as “Jack”), the oldest brother (who had east African connections), was born on 31 March 1854, at Walthamstow.
The Semolika Expedition of 1904: A Participant Account
Authors: Afeadie Philip Atsu
Published: May 2014

British imperialism in west Africa during the late nineteenth century is known to be the product of the interrelations between expansionist forces at the center of empire and those at the periphery on the one hand, and the relationship between the peripheral forces and African circumstances on the other hand. Expansionist forces at Whitehall included nationalistic sentiments and inter-European rivalry, economic considerations, and public reactions to these motivations. Of the expansionist forces at the outposts of empire, pressure from commercial interest groups and the activities of the men on the spot are notable.

Indeed, the work of the military personnel on the outposts of empire was instrumental to British territorial annexations. As officers and non-commissioned officers to the colonial army of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), the British personnel hailed from all rungs of society, and seconded from metropolitan regiments into active service in West Africa. Their motivations largely included economic interests, sport and adventure, while the African auxiliaries enlisted out of economic considerations. Naturally, the men on the spot were indispensable to British expansion, as they particularly constituted a reliable source of information for policymakers at home. They also subscribed with their superiors to the use of force to maintain political supremacy on the frontiers of empire. The men on the spot controlled the timing, pace, and extent of British military imperialism. However, they had to reckon with indigenous response, as their prerogatives met challenges in African interests and concerns, such as territorial inviolability and non-interference in their internal affairs. This interplay of military imperialism and African response is aptly demonstrated in the British encounter with the Semolika in Northern Nigeria.
A Unique Case and Opportunity: In Favor of a Study on the UTC Label
Authors: Bender Wolfgang
Published: May 2014

I want to concentrate on three broad themes in responding to the papers by Arlt and Collins. The first one is about archives and collecting and what I call the dilemmas of discography. Connected to these dilemmas is the question of the place of popular music within academia and the implications thereof for the distribution of funds. The second one is more concerned with concepts and ideas. And the third one relates to the position of Christianity in the African cultures and history we study and with its position in our academic field. Starting with the first theme, I want to direct our attention to the UTC record collection. For the study of popular African music the UTC series of over 700 shellac discs is of immense importance with regard to discography and content.

For anyone who has done any detailed analysis of discographic research in African music, the existence of one complete set, as it might be the case with the UTC recordings, is the ideal. Such a complete set would be a resource without precedent. In the case of most record companies or series, we do not know how many records were edited and published. Lists or catalogs rarely exist and, if they do, they may cover only a particular period. Far too often we are left to speculate. If, for example, we come across a record that carries the number 104, does it mean, this is the 104th record, or is it number 4 of a series labeled with three digits? Is record number 104 the last out of these four records, or will hundreds follow? There is no obvious rationality in numbering records. A series may begin with 101 and end with 104, but it may continue with another label color and a letter added such as B101. Sometimes a complete set—or only a selection of titles—is taken over by another company and this may be recognizable by a certain letter preceding the numbers, for instance, the letter “J” for Jeronimides, the Greek owners of the NGOMA label in Léopoldville.
African Files in Portuguese Archives
Authors: Bjerk Paul
Published: May 2014

When I first mentioned to David Henige my plan to go to Portugal to do some archival research, he expressed the hope that it would be a somewhat more welcoming atmosphere than he had encountered in 1971, with armed soldiers patrolling the grounds. Indeed it was. I spent three weeks in Lisbon doing archival research in modern African history, with a specific interest in Tanzania. The Arquivo Histórico Diplomàtico (AHD) and the Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (AHU) both proved to be rich archival sources kept by accessible and friendly staff.

This paper is a brief and informal review of my research in the archives. Unfortunately, I did not survey the holdings of either of the archives I used, so I cannot speak to their scope, but the files on Africa are vast. The AHU, for example, claims over 6000 meters of documents, and not just for Portuguese colonies. They include materials dating to the sixteenth century and extensive intelligence and diplomatic materials for the twentieth century. I hope that this paper will give interested researchers a sense of the type of material available.

In going to Portugal, I had the goal of finding out what archival material existed in Lisbon concerning relations between Portugal and Tanzania. Portuguese-Tanzanian relations were largely formed through the encounter over Mozambique. When Tanzania gained independence, it began to support the Mozambican liberation movements, which was very upsetting to Portugal, especially in the context of the Cold War. The Portuguese archives proved very fruitful. I found hundreds of documents that were of great interest, including documents relating directly to my dissertation topic dealing with a diplomatic incident concerning some forged letters that implicated Portugal in a plot to overthrow the Tanzanian government.
The Archives of the Municipality and the High Court of Asmara, Eritrea: Discovering the Eritrea “Hidden from History”
Authors: Locatelli Francesca
Published: May 2014

Eritrean independence in 1993 raised fundamental questions regarding the Eritrean past. Inevitably, scholars initially focused their analysis on the history of the Eritrean nationalist movement and liberation struggle. The long guerrilla war against the Ethiopian regime attracted the interest of numerous researchers, not only because of its implications for the redefinition of the political landscape of the Horn of Africa, but also because of the ways in which it had mobilized and reorganized Eritrean society. While this literature has shed much light upon interesting aspects of the political history of independent Eritrea, further investigation of the precolonial and colonial past is still required to gain a deeper understanding of the formation of Eritrean national identity in all its intricate facets.

The question of Eritrean national identity is intimately connected to its colonial history, which in many ways remains marginalized in the analysis of Eritrean past. The Italian colonial period between 1890 and 1941 was a crucial moment in the definition of those social and political transformations which contributed to the formation of Eritrea-as-a-nation. Nevertheless, this historical phase remains underexplored. The colonial past has been an issue that European powers to varying extents have had to confront since the end of empire. Both historians of colonialism and Africanist historians have collaborated in the reconstruction of the past of colonized societies. In Italy this process remains in embryonic form. Many Africanist historians, such as Irma Taddia and Alessandro Triulzi, have already addressed the problem concerning the gaps left by Italian historiography on both the colonial past and the history of the colonized societies in its various aspects. As Triulzi points out, both practical and political reasons slowed the development of those debates that were emerging in the historiographies of other excolonial powers.
African History at Makerere in the 1960s: A Further Perspective
Authors: Bridges Roy , Posnansky Merrick
Published: May 2014

As two expatriate academics who taught at Makerere in the 1960s (RB 1960-64; MP 1964-67), we were naturally interested in the article, “Building an African Department of History at Makerere, 1950-1972” in HA 30(2003), 253-82. The story Carol Sicherman has to tell is an important one and she has produced a well-documented and forcefully delivered account. It is to be hoped that she will be able to bring out a complete history of Makerere, which is something that is badly needed. We do, however, have some reservations about the picture of the early 1960s that emerges.

Our criticism of the impression given of what was happening at Makerere in the History Department in the early 1960s, before the arrival of J. B. Webster in 1968, is in two main respects. First, it may not be fair to judge everything in terms of how far an African syllabus taught by Africans had been established; the Department and the University might have had legitimate aims in addition to this. Second, even granting that moving towards an African syllabus was an aim in the 1960s—and we think it was—Sicherman tends to underestimate on the one hand the difficulties which then had to be overcome, and on the other the extent to which the aim was realized and the essential basis laid for Webster's work.
A Note on Self-Translation
Authors: Vansina Jan
Published: May 2014

Not so long ago this journal published an excellent overview of the issues related to the reliability of translations. But neither this, nor apparently any other study, considered the case of a text translated by its own author, hence a note on this topic may have some use. As I just finished translating of my own Le Rwanda ancien (Paris, 2001), I have been prompted to do so. The issues still are: how reliable is this sort of translation to the original? Is it really equivalent to the original?

Translations of modern works can be grouped in three categories according to the knowledge an author has about the language in which his or her work is being translated: the author does not know the language of the translation at all; the author knows that language well enough to check on the reliability of a translation; or the author knows that language to the point that he or she can translate the work him-or herself. In the first case, even the author has no idea how faithful the translation is to the original. In the second case the overall reliability of the translation can be guaranteed by the author, but his or her limited knowledge of the language in question means that he or she may be unaware that some parts of the translation may not be faithful in the sense that readers might understand them in ways the author did not intend. Moreover, the great majority of translations by others will still strike native readers of the language into which it is translated as stilted because its rhetorical devices, and perhaps its syntax, do not wholly conform to the usual practice in that language. Indeed some passages may seem quaint or even especially striking merely because standard idioms or metaphors have been too literally translated. But surely self-translation should be completely reliable, especially when the translated text has been also copy-edited by a native speaker of the language in which it is translated?
Atypical atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia in a child with polyvalvular dysplasia
Authors: Johnson Jonathan N. , Ackerman Michael J. , Cannon Bryan C.
Published: May 2014

A 10-year-old boy with polyvalvular dysplasia and severe involvement of both atrioventricular valves presented with palpitations. Concern was raised for atrial tachyarrhythmia due to biatrial enlargement; however, ambulatory monitoring discovered a reentrant mechanism. Electrophysiology study revealed atypical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia involving two components of the slow pathway, with inputs in the posterior septum around his dysplastic tricuspid valve. He underwent successful modification of the slow pathway using cryoablation.
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF HYPOELLIPTIC RANDOM WALKS
Authors: Lebeau Gilles , Michel Laurent
Published: May 2014

We study the spectral theory of a reversible Markov chain This random walk depends on a parameter$h\in ]0,h_{0}]$which is roughly the size of each step of the walk. We prove uniform bounds with respect to$h$on the rate of convergence to equilibrium, and the convergence when$h\rightarrow 0$to the associated hypoelliptic diffusion.
An interpretative phenomenological analysis exploring the lived experience of individuals dying from terminal cancer in Ireland
Authors: McTiernan Kara , O'Connell Michael
Published: May 2014

Objective:

The experience of living with dying has attracted limited research. We utilized interpretive phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experience of individuals with terminal cancer receiving palliative care in Ireland.

Method:

Participants were purposely selected from public interviews that had been conducted between 2006 and 2011. The study included the accounts of eight participants (N= 8; six females and two males) with a diagnosis of terminal cancer. Participant ages ranged from 36 to 68 years.

Results:

Three master themes emerged from the analysis: the personal impact of diagnosis, the struggle in adjusting to change, and dying in context. The results revealed that participants were still living while simultaneously dying. Interestingly, participants did not ascribe new meaning to their lives. The terminal illness was understood within the framework of the life that had existed before diagnosis. They strove to maintain their normal routines and continued to undertake meaningful activities. Management of unfinished business and creation of a legacy were salient tasks. Social withdrawal was not present; rather, participants engaged in emotional labor to sustain valued roles. However, we found that within the public domain there is a paucity of education and discourse supporting individuals at the end of life. The hospice was noted as an important external resource. Each participant experienced a unique dying process that reflected their context.

Significance of Results:

Healthcare professionals need to recognize the subjectivity of the dying process. Dying individuals require support and options to maintain their personhood.
Endocrine and Mood Responses to two Working Days in Female Teachers
Authors: Serrano Miguel Angel , Moya-Albiol Luís , Salvador Alicia
Published: May 2014

Currently, a considerable amount of work stress is present in school teachers,
one of the occupational groups with the highest levels of job strain and
burnout. As chronic stress produces significant modifications in emotional
adjustment and neuroendocrine functioning, we aimed to investigate the role of
these work stress constructs in the endocrine and mood responses of a group of
female teachers during two working days (WD) at different moments in the
academic year. We studied mood as well as levels of cortisol and testosterone,
representative of a predominant catabolic or anabolic balance. Our results
showed that higher “control” was associated with higher
positive mood (p = .028 on WD1 and
p = .057 on WD2) and salivary testosterone (Tsal)
(p = .022 on WD1), whereas
“demands” and “total job strain”
were related to negative mood (p = .011 and
p = .015, respectively). Participants with
higher scores on “total burnout” and “emotional
exhaustion” also had higher negative mood (p
< .05 in all cases). Depersonalization correlated positively with
negative mood (p = .019 and p
= .006 on WD1 and WD2, respectively). Finally, personal
accomplishment showed an inverse relationship with negative mood
(p = .038 on WD2). These results are useful for job
risk prevention and interventions that should focus on the control dimension of
the job strain questionnaire and on personal accomplishment from the burnout
scale.
Flow Dimensions on Daily Activities with the Spanish Version of the Flow Scale (DFS)
Authors: Rufi Sergi , Javaloy Federico , Batista-Foguet Joan M. , Solanas Antonio , Páez Darío
Published: May 2014

A sample of 250 students of psychology with an average age of 20.37 years, answered the Flow Q questionnaire indicating their favorite flow activity, and the Spanish version of the Dispositional Flow Scale (DFS). A confirmatory factor analysis assessed the DFS construct validity of the flow model on daily activities. Both a hierarchical model of eight first order factors reflecting a second order global flow factor, and a model with eight formative first order flow dimensions, showed good fit and discriminant power. Most optimal activities were found to be individual and structured, such as studying, reading and certain forms of individual sports. Leisure activities turned out to be more rewarding than studying. Sports displayed more flow, clear goals, merging of action and awareness, and autotelic experience. Reading also showed more flow, balance of challenge and skills, feedback, merging of action and awareness, and loss of self-consciousness. On the other hand, studying displayed less flow, merging of action and awareness, and autotelic experience.
Simultaneous loss of phospholipase Cδ1 and phospholipase Cδ3 causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nakamura Y , Kanemaru K , Kojima R , Hashimoto Y , Marunouchi T , Oka N , Ogura T , Tanonaka K , Fukami K
Published: May 2014

Phospholipase C (PLC) is a key enzyme in phosphoinositide turnover. Among 13 PLC isozymes, PLCδ1 and PLCδ3 share high sequence homology and similar tissue distribution, and are expected to have functional redundancy in many tissues. We previously reported that the simultaneous loss of PLCδ1 and PLCδ3 caused embryonic lethality because of excessive apoptosis and impaired vascularization of the placenta. Prenatal death of PLCδ1/PLCδ3 double-knockout mice hampered our investigation of the roles of these genes in adult animals. Here, we generated PLCδ1/PLCδ3 double-knockout mice that expressed PLCδ1 in extra-embryonic tissues (cDKO mice) to escape embryonic lethality. The cDKO mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratio, which indicated that the simultaneous loss of PLCδ1 and PLCδ3 in the embryo proper did not impair embryonic development. However, half of the cDKO mice died prematurely. In addition, the surviving cDKO mice spontaneously showed cardiac abnormalities, such as increased heart weight/tibial length ratios, impaired cardiac function, cardiac fibrosis, dilation, and hypertrophy. Predating these abnormalities, excessive apoptosis of their cardiomyocytes was observed. In addition, siRNA-mediated simultaneous silencing of PLCδ1 and PLCδ3 increased apoptosis in differentiated-H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Activation of Akt and protein kinase C (PKC) θ was impaired in the hearts of the cDKO mice. siRNA-mediated simultaneous silencing of PLCδ1 and PLCδ3 also decreased activated Akt and PKCθ in differentiated-H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. These results indicate that PLCδ1 and PLCδ3 are required for cardiomyocyte survival and normal cardiac function.
A high-coverage shRNA screen identifies TMEM129 as an E3 ligase involved in ER-associated protein degradation
Authors: van de Weijer Michael L. , Bassik Michael C. , Luteijn Rutger D. , Voorburg Cornelia M. , Lohuis Mirjam A.M. , Kremmer Elisabeth , Hoeben Rob C. , LeProust Emily M. , Chen Siyuan , Hoelen Hanneke , Ressing Maaike E. , Patena Weronika , Weissman Jonathan S. , McManus Michael T. , Wiertz Emmanuel J.H.J. , Lebbink Robert Jan
Published: May 2014

Misfolded ER proteins are retrotranslocated into the cytosol for degradation via the ubiquitin–proteasome system. The human cytomegalovirus protein US11 exploits this ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway to downregulate HLA class I molecules in virus-infected cells, thereby evading elimination by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. US11-mediated degradation of HLA class I has been instrumental in the identification of key components of mammalian ERAD, including Derlin-1, p97, VIMP and SEL1L. Despite this, the process governing retrotranslocation of the substrate is still poorly understood. Here using a high-coverage genome-wide shRNA library, we identify the uncharacterized protein TMEM129 and the ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme UBE2J2 to be essential for US11-mediated HLA class I downregulation. TMEM129 is an unconventional C4C4-type RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase that resides within a complex containing various other ERAD components, including Derlin-1, Derlin-2, VIMP and p97, indicating that TMEM129 is an integral part of the ER-resident dislocation complex mediating US11-induced HLA class I degradation.
The tobacco genome sequence and its comparison with those of tomato and potato
Authors: Sierro Nicolas , Battey James N.D. , Ouadi Sonia , Bakaher Nicolas , Bovet Lucien , Willig Adrian , Goepfert Simon , Peitsch Manuel C. , Ivanov Nikolai V.
Published: May 2014

The allotetraploid plant Nicotiana tabacum (common tobacco) is a major crop species and a model organism, for which only very fragmented genomic sequences are currently available. Here we report high-quality draft genomes for three main tobacco varieties. These genomes show both the low divergence of tobacco from its ancestors and microsynteny with other Solanaceae species. We identify over 90,000 gene models and determine the ancestral origin of tobacco mosaic virus and potyvirus disease resistance in tobacco. We anticipate that the draft genomes will strengthen the use of N. tabacum as a versatile model organism for functional genomics and biotechnology applications.
Rock-salt-type lithium metal sulphides as novel positive-electrode materials
Authors: Sakuda Atsushi , Takeuchi Tomonari , Okamura Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Hironori , Sakaebe Hikari , Tatsumi Kuniaki , Ogumi Zempachi
Published: May 2014

One way of increasing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries is to use electrode materials that exhibit high capacities owing to multielectron processes. Here, we report two novel materials, Li2TiS3 and Li3NbS4, which were mechanochemically synthesised at room temperature. When used as positive-electrode materials, Li2TiS3 and Li3NbS4 charged and discharged with high capacities of 425 mA h g−1 and 386 mA h g−1, respectively. These capacities correspond to those resulting from 2.5- and 3.5-electron processes. The average discharge voltage was approximately 2.2 V. It should be possible to prepare a number of high-capacity materials on the basis of the concept used to prepare Li2TiS3 and Li3NbS4.
Reaction and detection click in high-voltage assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Qiu Ran , Luo Hai
Published: May 2014

Click by Laser@Cu in HALDI-MS: A click reaction (copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition) catalyzed by “naked” copper ions (without ligands) generated in situ from a copper substrate by laser ablation in a high-voltage assisted laser desorption/ionization (HALDI) ion source is demonstrated.
A luminescent nanocrystal metal organic framework for chemosensing of nitro group containing organophosphate pesticides
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Paul A. K. , Deep Akash
Published: May 2014

A luminescent nanocrystal metal–organic framework (NMOF1) of [Cd(atc)(H2O)2]nhas been synthesized by the reaction of Cd(ii) ions with the sodium salt of H2atc (2-aminoterephthalic acid) in aqueous solution.
Dynamics of counterion-induced attraction between vimentin filaments followed in microfluidic drops
Authors: Dammann Christian , Köster Sarah
Published: May 2014

The dynamics of intermediate filament network formation are studied in microfluidic drops at high temporal and spatial resolution.
Handheld and non-destructive methodologies for the compositional investigation of meteorite fragments
Authors: Crupi Vincenza , Giunta Alessandra , Kellett Barry , Longo Francesca , Maisano Giacomo , Majolino Domenico , Scherillo Antonella , Venuti Valentina
Published: May 2014

In the present study, an innovative methodological approach has been proposed in order to characterize meteoritic samples without removing or causing damage to any part of them.
Progressive acylation of pyrene engineers solid state packing and colour via C–H⋯H–C, C–H⋯O and π–π interactions
Authors: Rajagopal Shinaj K. , Philip Abbey M. , Nagarajan Kalaivanan , Hariharan Mahesh
Published: May 2014

Sandwich herringbone–herringbone-brickwork-columnar crystal ordering, achieved through successive Friedel–Crafts acylation of pyrene, forms the basis for diverse solid-state colouring and blue–green–orange fluorescent crystals.
Vesicles composed of one simple single-tailed surfactant
Authors: Du Na , Song Ruiying , Zhu Xiaoyu , Hou Wanguo , Li Haiping , Zhang Renjie
Published: May 2014

Vesicles formed spontaneously from only one simple single-tailed surfactant (DTAB) mediated by a rough glass surface.
High-yield, regiospecific bis-functionalization of C70 using a Diels–Alder reaction in molten anthracene
Authors: Neti Venkata S. Pavan K. , Cerón Maira R. , Duarte-Ruiz A. , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Balch Alan L. , Echegoyen Luis
Published: May 2014

A regiospecific bis-adduct of C70 with anthracene was prepared with unusually high yield (68%) by the Diels–Alder reaction in the absence of solvent (melt). The structure of the bis-adduct was an unexpected 12 o'clock isomer, as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and spectroscopy.
Is the contribution of cis and trans protonated 5-methylcytosine-SO3− isomers equal in the conversion to thymine-SO3− under bisulfite conditions? A theoretical perspective
Authors: Jin Lingxia , Wang Lu , Zhang Caiying , Wang Wenliang , Min Suotian , Hu Daodao
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of inappropriate conversion of 5-MeCyt to thymine under bisulfite conditions, and to investigate the contribution of the cis and trans isomers.
Deep oxidation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene over Ti-doped iron oxide
Authors: Ma Xiaodong , Suo Xueyue , Cao Huiqin , Guo Jie , Lv Lu , Sun Hongwen , Zheng Meihua
Published: May 2014

1,2-Dichlorobenzene was completely oxidized to CO2, H2O and HCl over Ti-doped iron oxides at lower temperature with lower apparent activation energy.
Performance of thermally-chargeable supercapacitors in different solvents
Authors: Lim Hyuck , Zhao Cang , Qiao Yu
Published: May 2014

In nanopores, electrode potential is dependent on not only the dielectric constant but also the size of solvent molecules.
Near-infrared light-responsive nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics
Authors: Shanmugam Vijayakumar , Selvakumar S. , Yeh Chen-Sheng
Published: May 2014

Near-infrared light sensitive nanomaterials provide ideal nanoplatforms in site specific noninvasive cancer therapy.
A survey of pendant donor-functionalised (N,O) phosphine ligands for Cr-catalysed ethylene tri- and tetramerisation
Authors: Suttil James A. , Wasserscheid Peter , McGuinness David S. , Gardiner Michael G. , Evans Stephen J.
Published: May 2014

Selected phosphine-based ligands plus chromium have been found to be promising candidates for MAO-free trimerisation and tetramerisation of ethylene.
High pressure polymorphism of β-TaON
Authors: Woodhead K. , Pascarelli S. , Hector A. L. , Briggs R. , Alderman N. , McMillan P. F.
Published: May 2014

The high pressure behavior of TaON was studied using a combination of Raman scattering, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy in diamond anvil cells to 70 GPa at ambient temperature to reveal evidence for a new structural transformation near 30 GPa.
Solid solubility of rare earth elements (Nd, Eu, Tb) in In2−xSnxO3 – effect on electrical conductivity and optical properties
Authors: Sunde T. O. L. , Lindgren M. , Mason T. O. , Einarsrud M.-A. , Grande T.
Published: May 2014

Wide band-gap semiconductors doped with luminescent rare earth elements (REEs) have attracted recent interest due to their unique optical properties.
Localized nano-solid-solution induced by Cu doping in ZnS for efficient solar hydrogen generation
Authors: Li Naixu , Zhang Longzhou , Zhou Jiancheng , Jing Dengwei , Sun Yueming
Published: May 2014

Visible-light-driven H2evolution rate reached 1.03 mmol h−1with a quantum yield of 26.2% over the localized Cu1−xZnxS nano-solid-solutions.
UV-C-mediated lipid induction and settling, a step change towards economical microalgal biodiesel production
Authors: Sharma Kalpesh , Li Yan , Schenk Peer M.
Published: May 2014

Microalgae are highly efficient primary producers that can be grown in most types of water on non-arable land as a promising source of biofuel.
Visible-light-induced photocatalytic formyloxylation reactions of 3-bromooxindoles with water and DMF: the scope and mechanism
Authors: Zou You-Quan , Guo Wei , Liu Feng-Lei , Lu Liang-Qiu , Chen Jia-Rong , Xiao Wen-Jing
Published: May 2014

A highly efficient visible light induced formyloxylation reaction of 3-bromooxindoles was disclosed. Results of labeling experiments indicated that H2O and DMF were incorporated into the terminal 3-formyloxyoxindoles.
Nickel-doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles: efficient catalysts for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds and photo-oxidative degradation of toxic dyes
Authors: Singh Charanjit , Goyal Ankita , Singhal Sonal
Published: May 2014

Catalytic efficiency enhanced tremendously with the introduction of Ni2+ ions into the cobalt ferrite lattice.
Physicochemical characterization of diacyltetrol-based lipids consisting of both diacylglycerol and phospholipid headgroups
Authors: Mamidi Narsimha , Gorai Sukhamoy , Ravi Bolledu , Manna Debasis
Published: May 2014

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of a family of diacyltetrol-based hybrid lipids, containing both diacylglycerol and anionic lipid headgroups within the same moiety, have been reported for the first time.
Effect of branching in remote substituents on light emission and stability of chemiluminescent acridinium esters
Authors: Natrajan Anand , Wen David
Published: May 2014

Acridinium dimethylphenyl esters are widely used as chemiluminescent labels in automated immunoassays for clinical diagnostics in Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics' ADVIA Centaur® systems.
A “green” variation of the Hirao reaction: the P–C coupling of diethyl phosphite, alkyl phenyl-H-phosphinates and secondary phosphine oxides with bromoarenes using a P-ligand-free Pd(OAc)2catalyst under microwave and solvent-free conditions
Authors: Keglevich György , Jablonkai Erzsébet , Balázs László B.
Published: May 2014

The general value of the title reaction affording diethyl arylphosphonates, alkyl diphenylphosphinates and tertiary phosphine oxides was demonstrated.
A ratiometric fluorescent molecular probe with enhanced two-photon response upon Zn2+ binding for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging
Authors: Divya Kizhmuri P. , Sreejith Sivaramapanicker , Ashokkumar Pichandi , Yuzhan Kang , Peng Qiwen , Maji Swarup Kumar , Tong Yan , Yu Hanry , Zhao Yanli , Ramamurthy Perumal , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai
Published: May 2014

The ratiometric two-photon (2P) probe GBC shows enhanced 2P activity upon zinc ion binding and has been used for zinc ion imaging in vitro and in vivo.
Synthesis of LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4/C microspheres using a microwave-assisted process with a complexing agent for high-rate lithium ion batteries
Authors: Kim Myeong-Seong , Jegal Jong-Pil , Roh Kwang Chul , Kim Kwang-Bum
Published: May 2014

LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4/C microspheres were synthesized using a microwave-assisted process with a complexing agent through the control of precursor pH. The LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4/C microspheres exhibited a high tap density, high capacity, remarkable rate capability, and excellent cyclability.
Solvothermal synthesis of CoxFe3−xO4 spheres and their microwave absorption properties
Authors: Ji Renlong , Cao Chuanbao , Chen Zhuo , Zhai Huazhang , Bai Ju
Published: May 2014

The number of ferrous and ferric pairs in adjacent octahedral sites determines the real part of permittivity. The cobalt ratio in mixed spinels determines the crystallinity or number of defects, and ultimately the imaginary part of permittivity. At a high synthesis or calcination temperature, some cobaltous and ferrous atoms migrate from octahedral to tetrahedral sites.
Sub-millimeter free-suspended sheets formed by polyoxometalates with polyelectrolytes
Authors: Liu Nijuan , Wang Hui , Bu Weifeng
Published: May 2014

Electrostatic self-assembly of polyoxometalates with cationic polyelectrolytes yields sub-millimeter free-suspended sheets with a nanoscale thickness.
Quantification of Experienced Hearing Problems With Item Response Theory
Authors: Chenault Michelene , Berger Martijn , Kremer Bernd , Anteunis Lucien
Published: May 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to improve the effectiveness of adult hearing screens and demonstrate that interventions assessment methods are needed that address the individual's experienced hearing. Item response theory, which provides a methodology for assessing patient-reported outcomes, is examined here to demonstrate its usefulness in hearing screens and interventions.

Method

The graded response model is applied to a scale of 11 items assessing perceived hearing functioning and 10 items assessing experienced social limitations completed by a sample of 212 persons age 55+ years. Fixed and variable slope models are compared. Discrimination and threshold parameters are estimated and information functions evaluated.

Results

Variable slope models for both scales provided the best fit. The estimated discrimination parameters for all items except for one in each scale were good if not excellent (1.5–3.4). Threshold values varied, demonstrating the complementary and supplementary value of items within a scale. The information provided by each item varies relative to trait values so that each scale of items provides information over a wider range of trait values.

Conclusion

Item response theory methodology facilitates the comparison of items relative to their discriminative ability and information provided and thus provides a basis for the selection of items for application in a screening setting.
Age-Dependent Changes in Temporal-Fine-Structure Processing in the Absence of Peripheral Hearing Loss
Authors: Füllgrabe Christian
Published: May 2014

Purpose

In this study, the author sought to investigate if and when the ability to process temporal-fine-structure (TFS) cues deteriorates with age in adults with audiometrically normal hearing sensitivity.

Method

Using a cross-sectional design, the author assessed TFS sensitivity in 102 normal-hearing adults sampled from across the entire range of adulthood (ages 18–90 years), using 2 psychophysical tests for the assessment of within- and across-ear TFS processing.

Results

Both types of TFS sensitivity (monaural and binaural) declined gradually starting in young adulthood, with the earliest significant deficit already apparent in early midlife (i.e., between ages 40 and 49 years). TFS sensitivity was not correlated with absolute sensitivity at the test frequency.

Conclusions

Some suprathreshold auditory processing abilities decline throughout adulthood, even when an individual's peripheral hearing is clinically normal. These deficits are not captured by a conventional, audiometric hearing assessment but may contribute to the increasing difficulties with age to identify speech in noisy environments. From a methodological point of view, the existence of such age effects warrants the use of age-matched participant groups when comparing normal and impaired peripheral hearing.