bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
F-box protein Fbxl18 mediates polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of the pro-apoptotic SCF subunit Fbxl7
Authors: Liu Y , Lear T , Zhao Y , Zhao J , Zou C , Chen B B , Mallampalli R K
Published: February 2015

Fbxl7, a subunit of the SCF (Skp-Cul1-F-box protein) complex induces mitotic arrest in cells; however, molecular factors that control its cellular abundance remain largely unknown. Here, we identified that an orphan F-box protein, Fbxl18, targets Fbxl7 for its polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Lys 109 within Fbxl7 is an essential acceptor site for ubiquitin conjugation by Fbxl18. An FQ motif within Fbxl7 serves as a molecular recognition site for Fbxl18 interaction. Ectopically expressed Fbxl7 induces apoptosis in Hela cells, an effect profoundly accentuated after cellular depletion of Fbxl18 protein or expression of Fbxl7 plasmids encoding mutations at either Lys 109 or within the FQ motif. Ectopic expression of Fbxl18 plasmid-limited apoptosis caused by overexpressed Fbxl7 plasmid. Thus, Fbxl18 regulates apoptosis by mediating ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of the pro-apoptotic protein Fbxl7 that may impact cellular processes involved in cell cycle progression.
Carbon–carbon bond activation of cyclobutenones enabled by the addition of chiral organocatalyst to ketone
Authors: Li Bao-Sheng , Wang Yuhuang , Jin Zhichao , Zheng Pengcheng , Ganguly Rakesh , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: February 2015

The activation of carbon–carbon (C–C) bonds is an effective strategy in building functional molecules. The C–C bond activation is typically accomplished via metal catalysis, with which high levels of enantioselectivity are difficult to achieve due to high reactivity of metal catalysts and the metal-bound intermediates. It remains largely unexplored to use organocatalysis for C–C bond activation. Here we describe an organocatalytic activation of C–C bonds through the addition of an NHC to a ketone moiety that initiates a C–C single bond cleavage as a key step to generate an NHC-bound intermediate for chemo- and stereo-selective reactions. This reaction constitutes an asymmetric functionalization of cyclobutenones using organocatalysts via a C–C bond activation process. Structurally diverse and multicyclic compounds could be obtained with high optical purities via an atom and redox economic process.
Associations of PI3KR1 and mTOR Polymorphisms with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk and Gene-Environment Interactions in Eastern Chinese Populations
Authors: Zhu Jinhong , Wang Mengyun , Zhu Meiling , He Jin , Wang Jiu-Cun , Jin Li , Wang Xiao-Feng , Xiang Jia-Qing , Wei Qingyi
Published: February 2015

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may contribute to carcinogenesis. We genotyped five potentially functional PIK3R1 and mTOR SNPs in 1116 esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) patients and 1117 cancer-free controls to assess their associations with ESCC risk. We observed no association with ESCC risk for any of the selected SNPs. However, the combined analysis of these SNPs revealed that subjects with one-to-three risk genotypes had an increased ESCC risk. Stratified analysis by body mass index (BMI) found that ESCC risk was significantly associated with each of three mTOR SNPs among subjects with BMI < 25.0. Specifically, we found that subjects carrying ≥ 1 risk genotypes had significantly increased ESCC risk, particularly for males, ever-smokers, ever-drinkers and those with age > 60, or BMI < 25.0. Moreover, three mTOR haplotypes were associated with an increase in ESCC risk. Our meta-analysis of mTOR rs2295080 and cancer risk provided further evidence that mTOR SNPs might modulate cancer susceptibility. In this population, such risk effects might be modified by other risk factors, highlighting the importance of gene-environment interaction in esophageal carcinogenesis. Additional, larger studies are warranted to validate our findings.
Ionic Polymer-Coated Laccase with High Activity and Enhanced Stability: Application in the Decolourisation of Water Containing AO7
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Hua Ming , Lv Lu , Pan Bingcai
Published: February 2015

Eliminating dyes in environmental water purification remains a formidable challenge. Laccase is a unique, environmentally friendly and efficient biocatalyst that can degrade pollutants. However, the use of laccase for the degradation of pollutants is considerably limited by its susceptibility to environmental changes and its poor reusability. We fabricated a novel biocatalyst (LacPG) by coating polyethylenimine onto the native laccase (Lac) followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The stability of the resulting LacPG was highly enhanced against pH variations, thermal treatments and provided better long-term storage with a negligible loss in enzymatic activity. Compared to Lac, LacPG exhibited significantly higher decolourisation efficiency in the degradation of a representative azo dye, acid orange 7 (AO7), which resulted from the electrostatic attraction between the coating and AO7. LacPG was separated from the AO7 solution using an ultrafiltration unit. The increased size and modified surface chemistry of LacPG facilitated ultrafiltration and reduced membrane fouling. LacPG exhibited enhanced stability, high catalytic activity and favourable properties for membrane separation; therefore, LacPG could be continuously reused in an enzymatic membrane reactor with a high efficiency for decolourising water containing AO7. The developed strategy appears to be promising for enhancing the applicability of laccase in practical water treatment.
Real-space Wigner-Seitz Cells Imaging of Potassium on Graphite via Elastic Atomic Manipulation
Authors: Yin Feng , Koskinen Pekka , Kulju Sampo , Akola Jaakko , Palmer Richard E.
Published: February 2015

Atomic manipulation in the scanning tunnelling microscopy, conventionally a tool to build nanostructures one atom at a time, is here employed to enable the atomic-scale imaging of a model low-dimensional system. Specifically, we use low-temperature STM to investigate an ultra thin film (4 atomic layers) of potassium created by epitaxial growth on a graphite substrate. The STM images display an unexpected honeycomb feature, which corresponds to a real-space visualization of the Wigner-Seitz cells of the close-packed surface K atoms. Density functional simulations indicate that this behaviour arises from the elastic, tip-induced vertical manipulation of potassium atoms during imaging, i.e. elastic atomic manipulation and reflects the ultrasoft properties of the surface under strain. The method may be generally applicable to other soft e.g. molecular or biomolecular systems.
Coherent phonon optics in a chip with an electrically controlled active device
Authors: Poyser Caroline L. , Akimov Andrey V. , Campion Richard P. , Kent Anthony J.
Published: February 2015

Phonon optics concerns operations with high-frequency acoustic waves in solid media in a similar way to how traditional optics operates with the light beams (i.e. photons). Phonon optics experiments with coherent terahertz and sub-terahertz phonons promise a revolution in various technical applications related to high-frequency acoustics, imaging and heat transport. Previously, phonon optics used passive methods for manipulations with propagating phonon beams that did not enable their external control. Here we fabricate a phononic chip, which includes a generator of coherent monochromatic phonons with frequency 378 GHz, a sensitive coherent phonon detector and an active layer: a doped semiconductor superlattice, with electrical contacts, inserted into the phonon propagation path. In the experiments, we demonstrate the modulation of the coherent phonon flux by an external electrical bias applied to the active layer. Phonon optics using external control broadens the spectrum of prospective applications of phononics on the nanometer scale.
STEM-in-SEM high resolution imaging of gold nanoparticles and bivalve tissues in bioaccumulation experiments
Authors: García-Negrete C. A. , Jiménez de Haro M. C. , Blasco J. , Soto M. , Fernández A.
Published: February 2015

Optimized STEM-in-SEM imaging of gill explants is applied to assess the subcellular location of nanoparticles and their possible toxic effects.
Magnetic polypyrrole/Fe3O4particles as an effective sorbent for the extraction of abamectin from fruit juices using magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
Authors: Khalilian Faezeh , Rezaee Mohammad , Gorgabi Masoud Kashani
Published: February 2015

Magnetic polypyrrole/Fe3O4nanoparticles were synthesized and employed as a novel sorbent for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of abamectin as an insecticide used in agriculture.
Mechanism of water oxidation by [Ru(bda)(L)2]: the return of the “blue dimer”
Authors: Concepcion Javier J. , Zhong Diane K. , Szalda David J. , Muckerman James T. , Fujita Etsuko
Published: February 2015

The active form of the water oxidation catalysts [Ru(bda)L2] (bda is 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid; L is 4-picoline or isoquinoline) is an oxo-bridged, blue-dimer-like intermediate generated bimolecularly from two [RuIV–OH]+ monomers.
Micropatterned, clickable culture substrates enable in situ spatiotemporal control of human PSC-derived neural tissue morphology
Authors: Knight G. T. , Sha J. , Ashton R. S.
Published: February 2015

In situ regulation of the morphology of neural tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells using micropatterned, clickable substrates.
One-pot, template-free syntheses of spherical ZnS nanocrystals using a new S2−source and their photocatalytic study
Authors: Kaur Manjodh , Gupta Nipun Kumar , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: February 2015

A facile, one-pot solvothermal method for the syntheses of template-free ZnS NCs (~3–6 nm) using (C7H7)S2as a newin situsource of S2−ions without and with the use of MCE-capping agent has been demonstrated. Photocatalytic investigation of the NCs revealed very good activity for degradation of MO under UV light irradiation.
Recent advancements in Pt and Pt-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Nie Yao , Li Li , Wei Zidong
Published: February 2015

Based on the understanding of the ORR catalytic mechanism, advanced Pt-based and Pt-free catalysts have been explored.
Slow magnetic relaxation and field-induced metamagnetism in nitronyl nitroxide-Dy(iii) magnetic chains
Authors: Wang Xiufeng , Li Yungai , Hu Peng , Wang Juanjuan , Li Licun
Published: February 2015

Four new one-dimensional Ln-nitronyl nitroxide complexes have been obtained. The Dy chain exhibits slow magnetic relaxation and three-step metamagnetism.
High-performance symmetric sodium-ion batteries using a new, bipolar O3-type material, Na0.8Ni0.4Ti0.6O2
Authors: Guo Shaohua , Yu Haijun , Liu Pan , Ren Yang , Zhang Tao , Chen Mingwei , Ishida Masayoshi , Zhou Haoshen
Published: February 2015

Novel symmetric sodium-ion batteries based on a bipolar O3-type material, Na0.8Ni0.4Ti0.6O2, are well configured, showing good rate capability and capacity retention.
Biophotovoltaics: oxygenic photosynthetic organisms in the world of bioelectrochemical systems
Authors: McCormick Alistair J. , Bombelli Paolo , Bradley Robert W. , Thorne Rebecca , Wenzel Tobias , Howe Christopher J.
Published: February 2015

In this review we focus on a specific sub-branch of light-harvesting bioelectrochemical systems called biophotovoltaic systems.
Study on the UV-shielding and controlled-release properties of a polydopamine coating for avermectin
Authors: Sheng Wen-bo , Li Wei , Zhang Guo-xiang , Tong Yan-bin , Liu Zhi-yong , Jia Xin
Published: February 2015

Dopamine chemistry provides a simple and friendly method for controlling release and delaying the photodegradation of avermectin.
Oriented immobilization of Au nanoparticles on C@P4VP core–shell microspheres and their catalytic performance
Authors: Li Jie , Huang Zeting , Yang Mu , Tan Li , Zhang Xiaowei , Gao Hongyi , Tang Yinhai , Ma Qianqian , Wang Ge
Published: February 2015

A highly efficient inorganic–organic hybrid catalyst C@P4VP–Au is synthesized by the seeded emulsion polymerization and immobilization process.
Study of benzophenone grafting on reduced graphene oxide by unconventional techniques
Authors: Roppolo Ignazio , Chiappone Annalisa , Porro Samuele , Castellino Micaela , Laurenti Enzo
Published: February 2015

The influence of benzophenone in a UV-mediated reduction process of graphene oxide is investigated by different spectroscopic analyses.
Cu- or Fe-catalyzed C–H/C–C bond nitrogenation reactions for the direct synthesis of N-containing compounds
Authors: Liang Yujie , Liang Yu-Feng , Jiao Ning
Published: February 2015

This tutorial account summarizes the recent progress in Cu- or Fe-catalyzed C–H/C–C bond nitrogenation reactions for the direct synthesis of N-containing compounds.
Accelerated generation of free radicals by iron oxide nanoparticles in the presence of an alternating magnetic field
Authors: Wydra Robert J. , Oliver Catherine E. , Anderson Kimberly W. , Dziubla Thomas D. , Hilt J. Zach
Published: February 2015

The catalytic generation of reactive oxygen species from the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles is enhanced through the activated heating with exposure to an alternating magnetic field.
Self-assembled chitosan/rose bengal derivative nanoparticles for targeted sonodynamic therapy: preparation and tumor accumulation
Authors: Gao Yu , Li Zhihong , Wang Chaoqun , You Jiali , Jin Biyu , Mo Fan , Chen Jianzhong , Zheng Yunquan , Chen Haijun
Published: February 2015

Self-assembled chitosan/rose bengal derivative nanoparticles were developed as a new formulation for rose bengal which has the ability to passively target tumor tissue followed by efficient transport into tumor cells for sonodynamic therapy.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4 cathode with a Li0.34La0.51TiO3-coated layer
Authors: Hu Sijiang , Li Yu , Lai Feiyan , Zhang Xiaohui , Li Qingyu , Huang Youguo , Yuan Ximing , Chen Jianjun , Wang Hongqiang
Published: February 2015

Spinel cathode materials consisting of LiMn2O4@Li0.34La0.51TiO3 (LMO@LLTO) have been synthesized by a new and facile solid-phase route in air.
Effects of changing the M2+ cation on the crystal structure and optical properties of divalent samarium-doped MAl2Si2O8 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba)
Authors: Li Ling , Liu Xiaoguang
Published: February 2015

The photoluminescence properties and theoretical analysis of Sm2+ doped MAl2Si2O8 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) were reported. The theoretical analysis is in good agreement with our experimental results.
Hydrothermal synthesis of single crystal CoAs2O4and NiAs2O4compounds and their magnetic properties
Authors: Đorđević Tamara , Wittwer Astrid , Jagličić Zvonko , Djerdj Igor
Published: February 2015

The magnetic properties of NiAs2O4and CoAs2O4single crystals were investigated. The unexpected behaviour of ZFC-FC curves of NiAs2O4is detected around 20 K, where the transition to the ferromagnetic state has been clearly observed.
Aqueous-phase hydrodechlorination and further hydrogenation of chlorophenols to cyclohexanone in water over palladium nanoparticles modified dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres catalyst
Authors: Liu Yansheng , Dong Zhengping , Li Xinlin , Le Xuanduong , Zhang Wei , Ma Jiantai
Published: February 2015

Dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres (DMSNs) have been synthesised in this work.
Gelation of large hard particles with short-range attraction induced by bridging of small soft microgels
Authors: Luo Junhua , Yuan Guangcui , Zhao Chuanzhuang , Han Charles. C. , Chen Jie , Liu Yun
Published: February 2015

In this study, mixed suspensions of large hard polystyrene microspheres and small soft poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels are used as model systems to investigate the static and viscoelastic properties of suspensions which go through liquid to gel transitions.
A highly selective fluorescent probe for sulfide ions based on aggregation of Cu nanocluster induced emission enhancement
Authors: Li Zenghe , Guo Song , Lu Chao
Published: February 2015

S2− ions can enhance the fluorescence of cysteine-capped Cu nanoclusters (Cu NCs) as a result of the S2− ion-induced aggregation of the dispersed Cu NCs. In addition, a highly selective fluorescent probe was developed for the determination of H2S from toys called “Fart Bomb”.
Drop-by-drop chemical reaction and sample introduction for capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Chen Fengming , Rang Ying , Weng Ying , Lin Luyao , Zeng Hulie , Nakajim Hizuru , Lin Jin-Ming , Uchiyama Katsumi
Published: February 2015

On-line microreaction and separation with the combination of drop-by-drop injection and capillary electrophoresis.
Flower-like CdSe ultrathin nanosheet assemblies for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Peng Yong , Shang Lu , Bian Tong , Zhao Yufei , Zhou Chao , Yu Huijun , Wu Li-Zhu , Tung Chen-Ho , Zhang Tierui
Published: February 2015

Flower-like CdSe ultrathin nanosheet assemblies with excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 evolution activity were prepared via a facile solvothermal method.
Split aptamer mediated endonuclease amplification for small-molecule detection
Authors: Li Qing , Wang Yan-Dan , Shen Guo-Li , Tang Hao , Yu Ru-Qin , Jiang Jian-Hui
Published: February 2015

A novel, highly sensitive split aptamer mediated endonuclease amplification strategy for the construction of aptameric sensors is reported.
Phase transition studies of dutasteride crystalline forms
Authors: Łaszcz M. , Trzcińska K. , Witkowska A. , Lipiec-Abramska E. , Szczepek W. J.
Published: February 2015

Polymorphism of dutasteride is studied. Details of the crystal and molecular structure of unsolvated form I are presented.
Acid-induced Zn(ii)-based metal–organic frameworks for encapsulation and sensitization of lanthanide cations
Authors: He Hongjie , Zhang Lina , Deng Mingli , Chen Zhenxia , Ling Yun , Chen Jinxi , Zhou Yaming
Published: February 2015

Two Zn(ii)-based metal–organic frameworks with different coordination geometries have been synthesized and one can effectively capture metal cations and sensitize the visible-emitting Tb3+.
Novel glycosyl pyridyl-triazole@palladium nanoparticles: efficient and recoverable catalysts for C–C cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Shen Hongyun , Shen Chao , Chen Chao , Wang Anming , Zhang Pengfei
Published: February 2015

A series of glycosyl pyridyl-triazole@palladium nanoparticles have been prepared and applied in efficient C–C coupling such as Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, Heck reaction and Sonogashira reaction.
Functional colloidal micro-sieves assembled and guided above a channel-free magnetic striped film
Authors: Martinez-Pedrero Fernando , Straube Arthur V. , Johansen Tom H. , Tierno Pietro
Published: February 2015

Sorting in motion: magnetic colloids driven above a channel-free magnetic substrate can be readily assembled into one-dimensional chains capable of performing sophisticated lab-on-a-chip functions, including trapping, sorting and tweezing.
Engineering a high energy surface of anatase TiO2crystals towards enhanced performance for energy conversion and environmental applications
Authors: Chen Wei , Kuang Qin , Wang Qiuxiang , Xie Zhaoxiong
Published: February 2015

Great progress has been made in surface engineering of anatase TiO2crystals at the atomic level so as to fundamentally understand the surface-dependent properties. Herein, we summarize important achievements in this field, focusing on facets with high surface energy.
Correction: Surface passivation assisted lasing emission in the quantum dots doped cholesteric liquid crystal resonating cavity with polymer template
Authors: Chen Lin-Jer , Lee Chia-Rong , Chu Chung-Liang
Published: February 2015

Correction for ‘Surface passivation assisted lasing emission in the quantum dots doped cholesteric liquid crystal resonating cavity with polymer template’ by Lin-Jer Chen et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 52804–52807.
A Speech Perception Test in Simulated Reverberation Conditions
Authors: Spitzer Jaclyn B. , Sandridge Sharon A. , Newman Craig W. , Sydlowski Sarah , Ghent Robert M.
Published: February 2015

Purpose

This study developed new test materials by applying various reverberation treatments to sentences having high and low contextual redundancy.

Method

The Speech Perception in Noise–Revised (SPIN-R; Bilger, Nuetzel, Rabinowitz, & Rzeczkowski, 1984; Kalikow, Stevens, & Elliott, 1977) sentences were modified (SPIN-Reverb) with reverberation times (RT
60
) from simulated environments: unprocessed, RevCond 1 (RT
60
= 600 ms), RevCond 2 (RT
60
= 1200 ms), and RevCond 3 (RT
60
= 3600 ms). Phase 1 investigated list equivalency among 75 listeners with normal hearing; Phase 2 examined the utility of SPIN-Reverb for 15 cochlear implant (CI) recipients.

Results

Equivalent lists within each reverberation condition (unprocessed, RevCond 1, 2, and 3) were identified using nonparametric bootstrapping. Analysis of variance (Phase 1) demonstrated significant differences across conditions for high predictability and total scores. Listening performance decreased for both high and low predictability as RT
60
increased for listeners with normal hearing and CI recipients. Unprocessed, RevCond 1, RevCond 2, and RevCond 3 conditions were significantly different from each other. Within RevCond conditions, high- and low-predictability sentences were significantly different from each other.

Conclusions

RevCond 1 and RevCond 2 may be useful supplements to the current CI battery. The SPIN-Reverb has potential as a set of clinically feasible materials that are graded in difficulty and representative of real-life acoustic challenges for the evaluation of sensory devices.
Multiuser incremental decode‐and‐forward relaying under outdated channel estimates
Authors: Benítez Olivo E.E. , Moya Osorio D.P. , da Costa D.B. , Santos Filho J.C.S.
Published: February 2015

An exact closed‐form expression is derived for the outage probability of a recently proposed multiuser, incremental, decode‐and‐forward (DF) relaying scheme, when affected by outdated channel estimates. In this scheme, one source communicates with the best destination under the assistance of an incremental DF relay, with the direct‐ and relaying‐link signals being merged via maximal‐ratio combining. A simple asymptotic expression is also derived for the outage probability, revealing that the outdated channel estimates reduce the system diversity order to two, regardless of the amount of destinations available.
Energy efficiency optimisation for AF relay networks with direct transmissions
Authors: Li Yong , Zheng Zhengguang , Li Yang , Cheng Gang
Published: February 2015

An efficient power allocation scheme is provided to maximise the energy efficiency for amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relay networks. To reduce the complexity, both the optimal and simplified equal power allocation schemes with closed‐form expressions are derived.
Neuromorphic VLSI second‐order synapse
Authors: Aggarwal A. , Horiuchi T.K.
Published: February 2015

The synapse circuit presented here is constructed from a second‐order lowpass filter using log‐domain techniques. This synapse presents an advantage over those currently available as its output current is proportional to the number of spiking inputs and it can delay the peak current from 0.5–50 ms. Thus, this can be used for temporal coding and to substitute several parallel synapses with one. Measurement results from its implementation in a 0.5 µm ON semiconductor technology are presented.
Efficient radar cross‐section computation of electrically large targets with ADI‐PE method
Authors: He Zi , Fan Zhenhong , Ding Dazhi , Chen Ru Shan
Published: February 2015

The alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme is used for the parabolic equation (PE) method to analyse electromagnetic scattering problems. The three‐dimensional (3D) electromagnetic scattering problem can be reduced to a series of 1D problems to be solved by the ADI‐PE method, which is more efficient than the traditional Crank‐Nicolson scheme. In this way, both the memory requirement and the central processing unit time can be saved substantially even for electrically large targets with encouraging accuracy. The full bistatic scattering pattern can be obtained by decoupling the marching direction from the direction of the incidence wave. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Impact of compressed sensing on clinically relevant metrics for ambulatory ECG monitoring
Authors: Craven D. , McGinley B. , Kilmartin L. , Glavin M. , Jones E.
Published: February 2015

Recent research has examined the combination of compressed sensing with over‐complete dictionaries for the lossy compression of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The application of dictionary learning to automatically create the dictionary is described. A novel analysis of the reconstructed signals using a range of clinical metrics based around QRS feature extraction and heart rate variability is employed. Two methods for dictionary creation are proposed: patient specific and patient agnostic. A detailed comparison of each approach is described. Considering ambulatory ECG monitoring as an application, each methodology is analysed for a wide range of compression ratios.
Common cathode VCSEL driver in 90 nm CMOS enabling 25 Gbit/s optical connection using 14 Gbit/s 850 nm VCSEL
Authors: Belfiore G. , Szilagyi L. , Henker R. , Ellinger F.
Published: February 2015

The design and electro‐optical measurements of a 25 Gbit/s common cathode vertical cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL) driver in 90 nm bulk CMOS technology is presented. The driver is bonded to a 14 Gbit/s commercial VCSEL providing both DC and modulation current to the laser. The power consumption including the VCSEL is 60 mW. Since the DC bias of the VCSEL exceeds the breakdown voltage of thin oxide transistors, a novel output stage configuration using isolated wells is proposed. The active area is only 127 × 50 μm.
Area and energy efficient 802.11ad LDPC decoding processor
Authors: Li Meng , Lee Youngjoo , Huang Yanxiang , Van der Perre Liesbet
Published: February 2015

The design of multi‐Gbit/s low‐density parity‐check code (LDPC) decoders has become a hot topic in recent years to meet the growing demand of the transformation towards 4G. An area and energy efficient multi‐Gbit/s LDPC decoder engine with a fully paralleled layered architecture based on an application‐specific instruction set processor (ASIP) using Synopsys IP designer is presented. When the ASIP core is instantiated for 802.11ad, it achieved a throughput of up to 7 Gbit/s at three iterations with a latency of 95 ns, a record energy efficiency of 2.5 pJ/bit/iteration and an area efficiency of 54.5 Gbit/s/sq‐m in CMOS 28 nm technology for the 1/2 rate, showing it to be competitive against published ASIC solutions.
Metal disc‐type splitter with radially placed gratings for terahertz surface waves
Authors: Shibayama J. , Yamauchi J. , Nakano H.
Published: February 2015

A novel way to split terahertz (THz) surface waves is presented on the basis of propagation characteristics of spoof surface plasmon polaritons. Metal disc‐type splitters with a centre hole and radially placed gratings are proposed and analysed using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method in cylindrical co‐ordinates. Numerical results demonstrate that the discs act as bi‐ and multi‐directional THz surface wave splitters with large coupling regions, the frequency of which is selected by grating structures.
Soft error interception latch: double node charge sharing SEU tolerant design
Authors: Katsarou K. , Tsiatouhas Y.
Published: February 2015

As technology scales down, soft errors, because of single event upsets (SEUs) that affect multiple nodes (through multiple node charge sharing), become a serious concern in nanometre technology integrated circuits. Existing radiation hardening techniques provide partial or no immunity when more than one node are affected. A new latch topology is presented that guarantees soft error tolerance when a single node or any arbitrary combination of node pairs is affected by an SEU. The proposed scheme exploits a positive feedback loop which consists of C‐elements. Simulation results validate the efficiency of the new design over existing soft error hardening techniques such as BISER, FERST and TPDICE.
General SVPWM strategy for three different four‐switch three‐phase inverters
Authors: Liu Yong‐Chao , Ge Xing‐Lai , Zhang Jie , Feng Xiao‐Yun
Published: February 2015

Four‐switch three‐phase inverters (FSTPIs) are post‐fault reconfigured topologies for a two‐level inverter with failure of a power switch or a leg, and space vector pulse‐width modulation (SVPWM) strategies have been used to control FSTPIs. However, different faulty legs correspond to different topologies of FSTPIs which are controlled by different SVPWM strategies; therefore, three SVPWM strategies need to be prepared for three FSTPIs, respectively, which takes up lots of memory space in the controller and increases the complexity of the control strategy. To overcome these disadvantages, a general SVPWM strategy that can be used to control three FSTPIs is proposed. Experimental results have shown the validity and feasibility of the proposed strategy.
Efficient recursive–iterative solution for EM scattering problems
Authors: He Zi , Ding Dazhi
Published: February 2015

An efficient recursive–iterative solution is proposed for electromagnetic (EM) scattering problems. The scheme involves dividing the impedance matrix of the method of moments into strong and weak interaction parts. The induced scattered current can be expanded in terms of the Taylor series. Then it can be solved recursively by the equations of the strong interaction part with multi‐right‐vectors that are related to the weak interaction part. The multilevel fast multipole method is used to accelerate the matrix–vector product operations of both strong and weak interaction parts. Moreover, the sparse approximate inverse preconditioner is applied to speed up the iterative convergence for equations of the strong interaction part. Numerical results confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Service‐oriented networking platform on smart devices
Authors: Kwak Ji‐Young , Kim Seon‐Tae , Lee Kyung Hee , Yang Sunhee
Published: February 2015

This study presents the design of a service‐oriented networking platform to offer dynamic networking services in support of mobile group communications among connected smart devices. This platform enables users to access smart services anywhere and anytime with embedded devices while satisfying their requirements of various smart services. The proposed platform adopts a session initiation protocol (SIP) protocol as service signalling protocol that provides high extensibility and compatibility with an existing service system. The overlay network structure suggested in our platform provides an advantage of building a scalable and dynamic service network based on multiple smart zones. Furthermore, the quality of end‐to‐end service in dynamic network environments is guaranteed by virtue of the smart delivery scheme in the platform.
Fast economic power dispatch method for power system planning studies
Authors: Elsaiah Salem , Cai Niannian , Benidris Mohammed , Mitra Joydeep
Published: February 2015

This study describes a method for solving the optimal economic power dispatch problem. The method proposed here uses linear programming, because linear programming‐based formulations tend to be flexible, reliable and faster than their non‐linear counterparts. The proposed linear programming‐based method is developed based on a linearised network model, in which voltage magnitudes and reactive power flows have both been accounted for, unlike traditional linearised power flow methods. A piecewise linear model is developed to handle the thermal capacities of transmission lines. Piecewise linear models are also developed to deal with the exponential loads, cost functions of generators and total power losses. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on numerous standard test systems, including the IEEE 300‐bus system. Further, a comparison with some other methods, which are available in the literature, is held to validate the consistency of the proposed method in finding the optimal or near‐optimal global solution. The results show that the proposed method could lead to optimal or near‐optimal global solution, and is appropriate to use for power system planning studies.
Algorithms for fault zone detection in series‐compensated transmission lines
Authors: Razavi Abbas Ali , Samet Haidar
Published: February 2015

This study represents four new methods for fault zone detection in series‐compensated lines and compares them with each other and with some previous methods. Among the proposed methods, two methods are based on direct current component of voltages and currents, and operate using both line ends data. The third method uses only one end data and is based on the analysis of instantaneous current behaviour. The fourth method also uses one line end data and acts on the basis of instantaneous power waveform behaviour. The proposed methods, besides the three well‐known previous methods, are evaluated using a large number of simulated cases by power system computer‐aided design. The results verify the validation of the proposed methods.
Effective method for high‐throughput manufacturing of ultrafine fibres via needleless centrifugal spinning
Authors: Chen Huanhuan , Xu Huaizhong , Sun Jiaqi , Liu Chen , Yang Bin
Published: February 2015

A nozzle‐free spinneret with a flow controller was applied to produce nanoscale fibres of both polymeric solutions and melts by centrifugal field. This centrifugal processing strategy can be used to fabricate non‐woven webs composed of fibre diameters ranging from several microns down to 400 nm or less. The fibre morphology and diameter in melt needleless centrifugal spinning (NCS) can be controlled by varying the rotation speed, temperature, liquid properties and collector system. Solution NCS adds the operating parameters of the solution concentration and the solvent. The field emission scanning electron microscope images show that the average diameter of the fibres is approximately 2 ± 0.8 µm and 400 ± 100 nm for polyethylene terephthalate fibres (2400 rpm, 245°C) and polyvinylpyrrolidone fibres (20 wt%, 4000 rpm), respectively.
An Evaluation of the Effect of Therapeutic Ultrasound on Healing of Mandibular Fracture
Authors: Patel Kiran , Kumar Sanjeev , Kathiriya Nishtha , Madan Sonal , Shah Ankit , Venkataraghavan Karthik , Jani Mehul
Published: February 2015

The mandible is the most frequently fractured bone in maxillofacial trauma, the treatment of which consists of reduction and fixation of dislocated fragments by open or closed approach. Innovative techniques toward reducing the period of the postoperative intermaxillary fixation (IMF) are being researched. A relatively unknown treatment that may have an effect on fracture healing is ultrasound. Recent clinical trials have shown that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has a positive effect on bone healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LIPUS on healing by its application in fresh, minimally displaced or undisplaced mandibular fracture in young and healthy individuals. A total of 28 healthy patients were selected randomly from the outpatient department needing treatment of mandibular fractures. They were then randomly allocated to either of the following two groups—experimental group and study group. After IMF, patients in experimental group received pulsed ultrasound signals with frequency of 1 MHz, with temporal and spatial intensity of 1.5 W/cm2, pulsed wave for 5 minutes on every alternate day for 24 days, whereas patients in control group received no therapy except IMF. Radiographic density at the fracture zone was assessed from the radiograph by Emago (Emago, Amsterdam, Netherlands) Image Analysis software before IMF then at 1st to 5th weeks post-IMF. The amount of clinical mobility between fracture fragments was assessed by digital manipulation of fractured fragment with the help of periodontal pocket depth measuring probe in millimeters at pre-IMF and after 3 weeks. Pain was objectively measured using a visual analogue scale at weekly interval. The data collected were subjected to unpaired “ t“ test. The experimental group showed significant improvement in radiographic density compared with control group at 3- and 5-week interval; pain perception was significantly reduced in experimental group compared with study group in the subsequent weeks. No significant difference was found in clinical mobility between fracture fragments at 3-week interval. The present study provides a basis for application of therapeutic controlled ultrasound as an effective treatment modality to accelerate healing of fresh, minimally displaced mandibular fracture.
Phase behavior of a family of truncated hard cubes
Authors: Gantapara Anjan P. , de Graaf Joost , van Roij René , Dijkstra Marjolein
Published: February 2015

In continuation of our work in Gantapara et al., [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 015501 (2013)], we investigate here the thermodynamic phase behavior of a family of truncated hard cubes, for which the shape evolves smoothly from a cube via a cuboctahedron to an octahedron. We used Monte Carlo simulations and free-energy calculations to establish the full phase diagram. This phase diagram exhibits a remarkable richness in crystal and mesophase structures, depending sensitively on the precise particle shape. In addition, we examined in detail the nature of the plastic crystal (rotator) phases that appear for intermediate densities and levels of truncation. Our results allow us to probe the relation between phase behavior and building-block shape and to further the understanding of rotator phases. Furthermore, the phase diagram presented here should prove instrumental for guiding future experimental studies on similarly shaped nanoparticles and the creation of new materials.
Photonic crystals for improving light absorption in organic solar cells
Authors: Duché D. , Masclaux C. , Le Rouzo J. , Gourgon C.
Published: February 2015

We theoretically and experimentally study the structuration of organic solar cells in the shape of photonic crystal slabs. By taking advantage of the optical properties of photonic crystals slabs, we show the possibility to couple Bloch modes with very low group velocities in the active layer of the cells. These Bloch modes, also called slow Bloch modes (SBMs), allow increasing the lifetime of photons within the active layer. Finally, we present experimental demonstration performed by using nanoimprint to directly pattern the standard poly-3-hexylthiophène:[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butiryc acid methyl ester organic semiconductor blend in thin film form in the shape of a photonic crystal able to couple SBMs. In agreement with the model, optical characterizations will demonstrate significant photonic absorption gains.
Research on temperature measurement technology for graphite-cone-absorption-cavity absolute calorimeter
Authors: Wei Ji Feng , Lu Fei , Sun Li Qun , Zhang Kai , Hu Xiao Yang , Zhou Shan , Xu De
Published: February 2015

The nonlinear effect of materials and sensors in high-energy laser calorimeters is especially obvious—due to the steep temperature gradients of their absorbers. Significant measurement errors occur when traditional integral temperature sensors and methods are utilized. In an effort to remedy this, a method is proposed in this paper in which an absorption cavity is divided into many parts and multiple discrete thermocouple sensors are used to measure the temperature rise of the absorbers. The temperature distribution in the absorbers is theoretically analyzed, numerically simulated, and verified through experimentation. Energy measurement results are compared according to the temperature distribution for different layouts of thermocouples. A high-accuracy calorimeter is developed by setting and optimizing thermocouple layout, as well as correcting various elements such as the specific heat of graphite and responsivity of thermocouples. The calorimeter employing this measurement method is calibrated against a standard energy meter, resulting in correction coefficient of 1.027 and relative standard deviation of the correction coefficient of only 0.8%. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental verification all prove that the proposed method successfully improves measurement accuracy.
A note on the reciprocal theorem for the swimming of simple bodies
Authors: Elfring Gwynn J.
Published: February 2015

The use of the reciprocal theorem has been shown to be a powerful tool to obtain the swimming velocity of bodies at low Reynolds number. The use of this method for lower-dimensional swimmers, such as cylinders and sheets, is more problematic because of the undefined or ill-posed resistance problems that arise in the rigid-body translation of these shapes. Here, we show that this issue can be simply circumvented and give concise formulas obtained via the reciprocal theorem for the self-propelled motion of deforming two-dimensional bodies. We also discuss the connection between these formulae and Faxén’s laws.
Anisotropic wavefronts and Laguerre geometry
Authors: Palmer Bennett
Published: February 2015

Motivated by the study of wavefronts in anisotropic media, we propose an incidence geometry for anisotropic spheres in a Finsler-Minkowski space. An anisotropic version of the Laguerre functional is considered. In some circumstances, this functional can be used to determine that two wavefronts observed at distinct times in a homogeneous anisotropic medium do not originate from the same source.
Construction of single-crystalline supramolecular networks of perchlorinated hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene on Au(111)
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Yanfang , Li Geng , Lu Jianchen , Lin Xiao , Tan Yuanzhi , Feng Xinliang , Du Shixuan , Müllen Klaus , Gao Hong-Jun
Published: February 2015

The self-assembly of the perchlorinated hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (PCHBC) molecules on Au(111) has been studied by a low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) combining with density functional theory based first principle calculations. Highly ordered supramolecular networks with single domains limited by the terraces are formed on Au(111) substrate. High resolution images of the PCHBC molecules, confirmed by first principle simulations, are obtained. It reveals the close-packed arrangement of the PCHBC molecules on Au(111). The calculated charge distribution of PCHBC molecules shows the existence of attractive halogen–halogen interaction between neighboring molecules. Compared with the disordered adsorption of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene on Au(111), we conclude that the formation of attractive ClCl interactions between neighbors is the key factor to form the highly ordered, close-packed networks. Due to the steric hindrance resulted from the peripheral chlorine atoms, the PCHBC molecule is contorted and forms the doubly concave conformation, which is different from the hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene with a planar structure. By using this supramolecular network as a template, we deposited C60 molecules on it at room temperature with low coverage. The STM images taken at low temperature show that the C60 molecules are mono-dispersed on the networks and adsorb on top of the PCHBC molecules, forming a typical concave-convex host-guest system.
Urbach absorption edge in epitaxial erbium-doped silicon
Authors: Shmagin V. B. , Kudryavtsev K. E. , Shengurov D. V. , Krasilnik Z. F.
Published: February 2015

We investigate the dependencies of the photocurrent in Si:Er p-n junctions on the energy of the incident photons. The exponential absorption edge (Urbach edge) just below fundamental edge of silicon was observed in the absorption spectra of epitaxial Si:Er layers grown at 400–600 C. It is shown that the introduction of erbium significantly enhances the structural disorder in the silicon crystal which was estimated from the slope of the Urbach edge. We discuss the possible nature of the structural disorder in Si:Er and a new mechanism of erbium excitation, which does not require the presence of deep levels in the band gap of silicon.
Local strain effect on the band gap engineering of graphene by a first-principles study
Authors: Gui Gui , Morgan Dane , Booske John , Zhong Jianxin , Ma Zhenqiang
Published: February 2015

We have systematically investigated the effect of local strain on electronic properties of graphene by first-principles calculations. Two major types of local strain, oriented along the zigzag and the armchair directions, have been studied. We find that local strain with a proper range and strength along the zigzag direction results in opening of significant band gaps in graphene, on the order of 10−1 eV; whereas, local strain along the armchair direction cannot open a significant band gap in graphene. Our results show that appropriate local strain can effectively open and tune the band gap in graphene; therefore, the electronic and transport properties of graphene can also be modified.
Signature of high Tc above 25 K in high quality superconducting diamond
Authors: Okazaki Hiroyuki , Wakita Takanori , Muro Takayuki , Nakamura Tetsuya , Muraoka Yuji , Yokoya Takayoshi , Kurihara Shin-ichiro , Kawarada Hiroshi , Oguchi Tamio , Takano Yoshihiko
Published: February 2015

We have observed zero resistivity above 10 K and an onset of resistivity reduction at 25.2 K in a heavily B-doped diamond film. However, the effective carrier concentration is similar to that of superconducting diamond with a lower Tc. We found that the carrier has a longer mean free path and lifetime than in the previous report, indicating that this highest Tc diamond has better crystallinity compared to that of other superconducting diamond films. In addition, the susceptibility shows a small transition above 20 K in the high quality diamond, suggesting a signature of superconductivity above 20 K. These results strongly suggest that heavier carrier doped defect-free crystalline diamond could give rise to high Tc diamond.
Modeling of thermal stresses in elastic multilayer coating systems
Authors: Gao Chunxue , Zhao Zhiwei , Li Xuehua
Published: February 2015

The performance and reliability of multilayer coating systems are strongly influenced by thermal stresses. The present study develops an alternative analytical model to predict the thermal stresses in elastic multilayer coating systems. An exact closed-form solution is obtained which is independent of the number of coating layers. In addition, with the definition of the coordinate system, the closed-form solution is concisely formulated. Specific results are calculated for thermal stresses in HfO2/SiO2 multilayer optical coatings, and a finite element analysis is performed to confirm the analytical results. The two results agree fairly well with each other. Also, when the thicknesses of the coating layers are much less than the substrate thickness, the approximate solution is obtained based on the exact closed-form solution, and its accuracy is examined.
Positive temperature coefficient of coercivity in Sm1−xDyx(Co0.695Fe0.2Cu0.08Zr0.025)7.2 magnets with spin-reorientation-transition cell boundary phases
Authors: Liu L. , Liu Z. , Li M. , Lee Don , Chen R. J. , Liu J. , Li W. , Yan A. R.
Published: February 2015

Positive temperature coefficients of coercivity are first obtained in the series of Sm1−xDyx (Co0.695Fe0.2Cu0.08Zr0.025)7.2 magnets. The temperature range with a positive temperature coefficient of coercivity is gradually moving to higher temperature with the increase of x. Thermal magnetic analysis shows a spin reorientation transition of cell boundary phase in these magnets. It is interesting to find the abnormal coercivity is controlled by the spin-reorientation-transition cell boundary phases, and the spin reorientation temperature of cell boundary phase is consisted with the start point of the temperature range with abnormal behavior. The different temperature coefficients are discussed in terms of a nucleation model.