bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOME ISSUES OF PROSECUTOR'S PARTICIPATION IN THE SIMPLIFIED PROCEEDINGS ON CRIMINAL MISDEMEANORS IN THE COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE
Authors:   National University “Odessa Law Academy”, Nemchynov Yevhen
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to problematic issues of the legal order of the court hearing of the indictment on the commission of a criminal misdemeanors. The author notes that according to the content of Part 3 of Art. 382 of the CPC of Ukraine, it is not clear from which stage of the court proceedings such hearing should begin: from preparatory proceedings or immediately from trial. Also, legislator does not define how court should check the indictment for a criminal misdemeanors for compliance with the requirements of the CPC of Ukraine and the correctness of jurisdiction, as well as to address other organizational and legal issues of the possibility of trial. Based on the analysis of judicial practice, it was concluded that current regulation of simplified proceedings for criminal misdemeanors is imperfect and leads to unequal participation of subjects of judicial proceedings, including prosecutor. The article expresses the opinion that in case of shortcomings of indictment regarding the commission of criminal misdemeanors, if any doubts about the correctness of the jurisdiction or the need to suspend the proceedings have appeared, court should appoint a preparatory hearing with the participation of prosecutor to resolve relevant issues under Art. 314 of the CPC of Ukraine. Instead, in the case of receipt of indictment for a criminal misdemeanors without a request from prosecutor for its consideration in summary proceedings or without statements of the suspect or victim, as defined in Part 3 of Art. 302 of the CPC of Ukraine, court is obliged to consider the proceedings in the general order. All other issues that arise during consideration of indictment in summary proceedings do not require a preparatory hearing, and can be resolved by summoning the participants in the criminal proceedings immediately before the trial.
PRESENCE OF OBSTACLES TO SERVING A SENTENCE AS A CRIMINAL LAW FEATURE IN THE CONTEXT OF RELEASE FROM PUNISHMENT FOR ILLNESS
Authors:   Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Polishchuk Nazarii
Published: February 2021

This article analyzes and investigates the grounds, conditions and circumstances which can be considered by the court as a mandatory criminal law feature one of which is the existence of obstacles to serving a sentence of imprisonment when considering release from punishment in connection with another serious illness. It is proved that in case of impossibility to conduct a medical examination or provide medical care, such a circumstance should be taken into account by the court as a factor preventing the serving of a sentence of imprisonment. Exemption from punishment due to illness is a certain activity, the result of which is a decision of the court to release or refuse to release a particular convict. In order for the court to make an informed decision, scientists and the legislator have identified several mandatory criminal law features, including circumstances that prevent the serving of sentences, which include such an obstacle to serving a sentence in case of a serious illness of the convict. This article for the first time analyzes the previously unselected grounds, conditions and circumstances that must be considered by the court as a mandatory criminal legal sign of release from punishment in connection with another serious illness, including an obstacle to serving a sentence in case of serious illness. Analysis of the conditions and procedure for keeping convicts in ordinary (nonmedical) correctional facilities allows us to conclude that a serious illness prevents the implementation of punitive measures in institutions not intended for the use of medical measures (therapeutic effects). This conclusion generally applies to punishment in the form of arrest, during which the convict is also in conditions of severe isolation from society.
IMMUNITY OF JUDGES AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITY IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Lviv University of Business and Law, Sopilnyk Rostyslav , Skrynkovskyy Ruslan ,   Lviv University of Business and Law, Skoromnyy Yaroslav ,   Lviv University of Business and Law
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the institute of immunity of judges in Ukraine and reveals the features of bringing to legal responsibility. It has been established that the legal foundations of the immunity of a judge are governed by the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges», the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, the Civil Code of Ukraine. It has been determined that the immunity of judges is a special component of their legal status, and also serves as a guarantee of ensuring the proper level of performance of their official duties. It was found that the immunity of a judge is aimed at reducing the influence of professional risks in the context of his administration of justice. It has been established that the principle of the independence of a judge is composed of two main components of independence, namely, the functional independence of the judiciary and the institutional independence of the judiciary. It is determined that the immunity of judges is a special type of violation of the principle defined in the Constitution of Ukraine regarding the equality of all without exception before the law and the court. It has been proved that material and legal immunity, indemnity, and procedural immunity are the components of the integral system of judicial immunities. It is proposed that today in Ukraine it is necessary to improve the legislative framework regarding the immunity of judges in the direction of defining the framework for the need to provide protection to judges as officials performing the state functions assigned to them, and to prevent judges from impunity in cases of their committing offenses (misconduct, crimes). It is noted that the prospect of further research in this direction is the study and improvement of the mechanism for bringing judges to legal responsibility in Ukraine.
IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF INFORMATION FLOW MANAGEMENT BASED ON REFORMING THE TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF POWER
Authors:   Donetsk State University of Management, Stoyka Andriy
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the features of the introduction and use of modern information technologies in the management activities of state institutions. The role of the state in the regulation of information activities in the context of reforming the territorial organization of power has been clarified. The content and scope of the concept of "public management of information flows" has been determined, as well as the main tasks of ensuring information activities of public authorities. The classification of national interests in the information sphere according to their subjects has been carried out. The concept of information support in various scientific sources covering its purpose has been determined. Provided, the classification of management information according to certain categories. Tasks are proposed to overcome the negative influence of factors and ensure the effective work of state authorities of Ukraine in the field of information activities. Mechanisms for regulating the use of information potential in order to ensure the effective functioning of information policy in the field of public administration are given.
DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT OF MECHANISMS OF INFLUENCE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ON STATE REGULATION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY
Authors:   SEE ", Zhukova Irina ,   University of Education Management"
Published: February 2021

The role and significance of the influence of civil society on the processes of state regulation of law enforcement activities are revealed. The key aspects of state regulation of law enforcement activity under the condition of active influence of civil society representatives on it are revealed. The main factors of the influence of civil society on the activity of law enforcement bodies, which play an important role in the processes of ensuring the proper functioning of the system of state regulation of law enforcement activities in Ukraine, are substantiated. It is substantiated that in order to effectively perform the tasks assigned to law enforcement agencies, these structures interact with representatives of the public sector. It is proved that interaction with civil society of the law enforcement system is an important aspect to increase the effectiveness of these bodies in ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, public order and security, the interests of society and the state, as well as combating crime. Conclusions are formed regarding the content of new approaches to the organization of law enforcement agencies' work with the population, public organizations and local self-government bodies in the field of law enforcement. The complex of the existing administrative measures for achievement of the maximum efficiency of functioning of system of the state regulation of law enforcement activity in a foreshortening of influence of representatives of civil society on it is considered. Current trends and priority areas for improving the mechanisms of civil society influence on state regulation of law enforcement, in particular, the administrative and legal direction on a partnership basis, are outlined.
COMBATING CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT: EU EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE
Authors:   Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies, Savenko Igor , Manuilova Kateryna ,   Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies, Kolesnikova Kateryna ,   Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies
Published: February 2021

Solving the problem of overcoming corruption is the main task of all countries of the world and Ukraine. After all, corruption is the most dangerous phenomenon in the sociopolitical life of any state. Total corruption destroys the foundations of statehood: national security; constitutional and other normative-legal bases of regulation of public life of the state. In a broad sense, the concept of "corruption" involves a complex process (phenomenon) that manifests itself in various forms of public, political and private relations. Corruption has a destructive effect on the state's economy, the functioning of public authorities and the development of the state as a whole. Today it is safe to say that no country in the world has completely overcome corruption. Finding effective means to combat corruption is a key issue for all countries of the world and for our country in particular. The issue of overcoming corruption in public procurement is becoming especially relevant in the modern world. Work to combat corruption in Ukraine should be comprehensive and requires harmonization of Ukrainian public procurement legislation, as well as further development of a program of structural reforms in the justice sector, education, e-government, economic and political spheres, but also the political will of the current Ukrainian government.
HEALTH-IMPROVING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS A FIELD OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT FUNCTION: THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CONTENTS
Authors:   Department of Humanitarian Policy of the Dnieper City Council, Makashov Valerii
Published: February 2021

The present article analyzes theoretical aspects of the issues of health-improving physical activity in various branches of science (physical culture and sports, pedagogical and medical sciences). Emphasis is placed on the insufficient development of the chosen topic in the field of public administration discipline. The applied content of the implementation of public administration function in the field of health-improving physical activity is covered through the prism of the globalization approach (WHO guidelines) and the national dimension (National Strategy for health-improving physical activity in Ukraine until 2025). From the standpoint of the globalization dimension, the typology ofhealth-improving physical activity and the main sectors of public administration impact (leisure, occupation, education, life, transport, and employment) are determined. It is substantiated that the public policy of Ukraine in the field of physical activity is formed and implemented on the basis of the following mechanisms: legal mechanism (legislative support for the implementation of public policy measures in this area); institutional mechanism (formation of sports facilities infrastructure easily accessible for different segments of the population; development of conditions for physical activity in the field of education, labor, and leisure); coordination mechanism (interaction of public authorities and local governments as well as intersegmental and intersectoral cooperation in the implementation of targeted activities); socio-psychological mechanism (formation of values and motor competence among the target population); information and communication mechanism (creation of a social media space to promote the benefits of health-improving physical activity); and mechanisms of research support, monitoring and evaluation (development of indicators to assess the level of physical health of various population groups and assess the quality of services for physical fitness). The relevance of a thorough study of the managerial powers of local authorities to implement policies in the field of physical activity at the level of global cities in Ukraine has been confirmed.
ECONOMIC SECURITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES: THE POTENTIAL OF STOCK INSTRUMENTS
Authors:   National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic», Khadartsev Oleksandr
Published: February 2021

The significance and specificity of the use of stock instruments in the aspect of formation of economic security of economic entities are considered. The interdependence of macroeconomic state regulation of the business environment as the main prerequisite for eliminating economic threats through the formation of effective competition and economic freedoms is determined. Emphasis is placed on the characteristics of investment security, as the initial component of the principles of business security in general, and an indicator of the importance of strategic management intentions. The importance of financial instruments and the state of the stock market in terms of ensuring the stability of business processes in the relevant economic environment, as well as current problems of stock market efficiency, in particular the investment potential of issuers, imperfections of existing stock mechanisms, shortcomings of related areas. The potential of involving separate stock instruments in the formation of economic security of economic entities - institutions of joint capacity investment is substantiated. The key characteristics of mutual investment institutions, specific features of their functioning and features of ensuring the protection of management with their involvement are given. The main strategic directions of economic security formation of business entities are presented, such as prevention of raider attacks, protection against undue pressure from fiscal authorities, management of real estate rent and cash. The effectiveness of the organizational, economic and legal mechanism of functioning of mutual investment institutions in counteracting a number of threats and dangers of the subjective nature of the current business environment is determined. The dynamics of development of mutual investment institutions in Ukraine is studied, the conclusion on expediency and prospects of application of this fund instrument both for development of activity of subjects of managing, and for protection of economic interests and prevention of a number of potential threats is made.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL OF THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors:   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Buryk Zoriana
Published: February 2021

The article considers the essence of the intellectual capital of the diplomatic service. It is determined that the peculiarity of the development of the world market economy is the formation of the knowledge economy, which in turn has radically changed the principles of socio-economic development. Knowledge and information are gradually becoming one of the key factors in the development of the state. The study of the development of intellectual capital of the diplomatic service is now of great importance, has both theoretical and practical significance for the effective functioning of the civil service, as well as the implementation of effective public administration of foreign policy and international cooperation. The task of effective state management of the intellectual capital of the diplomatic service is to expand the powers and create the preconditions for the successful operation of the institution. Integration and combination of existing methods and tools with new innovative forms allows to expand the competencies of the institution and improve its activities. Intellectual capital is an important factor in innovation and the implementation of effective public foreign policy. The article systematizes the essence of the concept of "intellectual resources" as a system of a set of forms of intellectual resources of the institution, which are formed in the process of mastering the latest knowledge for sustainable development. It is proved that intellectual capital includes three main components: human capital, relationship capital and structural capital. It is determined that the strengthening of the processes of integration and globalization requires the state to improve the system of training, retraining and personnel management of the diplomatic service of all levels in order to have effective strategies at the international level. The work of the state in the field of foreign policy and international relations will depend on the effective improvement of the management of intellectual resources. The effectiveness of the entire diplomatic environment will depend on how successfully the diplomatic mechanism adapts to the new international information environment.
PROBLEMS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Hrabovenko Natalia
Published: February 2021

The article defines that the education system depends on a balanced educational policy, competence of state decisions and correctly placed accents in determining strategic priorities. Achieving a new quality and development of the domestic educational system is impossible without significant changes in the system, processes, mechanisms of public education management. It is established that the quality of higher education is perceived differently by different subjects of the educational process. For students, it is, above all, the knowledge, skills and practical skills necessary for successful employment and career growth. When it comes to the employer, they associate quality education with the training of professionals who have the necessary competencies and are able to adapt to dynamically changing production conditions. It is emphasized that quality assurance should provide an educational environment in which the content of programs, educational opportunities and tools meet the goal. However, there are a number of problems in ensuring the quality of higher education in Ukraine. The main problems in ensuring the quality of higher education, as well as the quality of training in the Free Economic Zone of Ukraine are revealed. Among them are: systematic underfunding of the higher education system; inconsistency of the level of preparation of entrants to the requirements of higher education institutions; lag of Ukrainian higher education from a number of world and European trends in the development of higher education and improving its quality; the problem of employment of graduates, etc. It is proved that despite a number of regulatory regulations, specially created bodies, there are still problems that somewhat reduce the quality of higher education. The expected quality of education is formed under the influence of a set of conditions and factors that cover the methodological, theoretical and practical aspects of education management. The review of the problems shows that the way to quality higher education lies through its definition of the right standards, sufficient resource base, highly qualified staff, proper structural organization and effective management. One of the conditions for improving the quality of higher education is to strengthen the responsibility of universities for the results of their activities by expanding the democratic principle of their functioning and deepening autonomy.
Cohomological framework for contextual quantum computations
Authors: Raussendorf Robert
Published: February 2021

We describe a cohomological framework for measurement-based quantum computation in which symmetry plays a central role. Therein, the essential information about the computation is contained in either of two topological invariants, namely two cohomology groups. One of them applies only to deterministic quantum computations, and the other to general probabilistic ones. Those invariants characterize the computational output, and at the same time witness quantumness in the form of contextuality. In result, they give rise to fundamental algebraic structures underlying quantum computation.
pH Dependent Mechanisms of Hydrolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-Glucoside
Authors: Alhifthi Amani , Williams Spencer
Published: February 2021

1,2-trans-Glycosides hydrolyze through a range of mechanisms under conditions of different pH, but systematic studies are lacking. Here we report the pH-rate constant profile for the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucoside. An inverse kinetic isotope effect (k(H3O+)/k(D3O+) = 0.63) in the acidic region indicates that the mechanism requires the formation of the conjugate acid of the substrate for the reaction to proceed, with heterolytic cleavage of the glycosidic C-O bond. Reactions in the pH-independent region exhibited general catalysis with a single proton in flight with a normal solvent isotope effect of kH/kD = 1.5, and when extrapolated to zero buffer concentration show a small solvent isotope effect k(H2O)/k(D2O) = 1.1, which is consistent with water attack through a dissociative mechanism. In the basic region, solvolysis in 18O-labelled water and H2O/MeOH mixtures allowed detection of bimolecular hydrolysis and neighboring group participation, and to a minor degree, nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Under mildly basic conditions, a bimolecular dissociative mechanism is implicated through an inverse solvent isotope effect of k(HO–)/k(DO–) = 0.5 and a strongly negative entropy of activation (deltaS‡ = –13.6 cal mol–1 K–1). Finally, at high pH, an inverse solvent isotope effect of k(HO–)/k(DO–) = 0.6 indicates that the formation of 1,2-anhydrosugar is the rate determining step.
Synthesis and Configurational Assignment of Vinyl Sulfoximines and Sulfonimidamides
Authors: Craven Gregory , Briggs Edward L. , Zammit Charlotte , McDermott Alex , Greed Stephanie , Affron Dominic , Leinfellner Charlotte , Cudmore Hannah , Tweedy Ruth , Luisi Renzo , Bull James , Armstrong Alan
Published: February 2021

Vinyl sulfones and sulfonamides are valued for their use as electrophilic warheads in covalent protein inhibitors. Conversely, the S(VI) aza-isosteres thereof, vinyl sulfoximines and sulfonimidamides, are far less studied and have yet to be applied to the field of protein bioconjugation. Herein, we report a range of different synthetic methodologies for constructing vinyl sulfoximine and vinyl sulfonimidamide architectures that allows access to new areas of electrophilic chemical space. We demonstrate how late stage functionalization can be applied to these motifs to incorporate alkyne tags, generating fully functionalized probes for future chemical biology applications. Finally, we establish a workflow for determining the absolute configuration of enantioenriched vinyl sulfoximines and sulfonimidamides by comparing experimentally and computationally determined electronic circular dichroism spectra, enabling access to configurationally assigned enantiomeric pairs by separation.
Features of endovascular closure of secondary atrial septal defect in older patients
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Kovalchuk Ilya A. , Rafaeli Ionatan R. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Azarov Aleksey V. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Semitko Sergey P. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Ioseliani David G. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2021

Aim. Secondary atrial septal defect (ASD II) is one of the most common congenital heart defects. While all the issues of endovascular correction of this disease in children and young patients have been practically resolved, many issues still remain debatable regarding the treatment of adult patients. In the proposed work, the author analyzes the main information’s discussed in the literature concerning this issue, such as the expediency and tactics of treatment of adult patients with ASD II, depending on its anatomical forms, the status of intracardiac and pulmonary-arterial hemodynamics, the presence of concomitant diseases. Materials and methods. The article presents a literature review based on the results of searching of publications in Russian and international bibliographic da-tabases (PubMed, eLIBRARY, Medscape, etc.). Results. Analysis of the literature data in most cases indicates the feasibility and high efficiency of endovascular closure of hemodynamically significant ASD II in elderly patients. The analysis of dynamic observations in the long term after endovascular treatment, reveals a decrease in MPAP as well as the size of the right heart. At the same time, compliance with certain rules makes the intervention quite safe, regardless of the age of patients and, to a certain extent, the severity of symptoms. In the literature, it is particularly emphasized that when determining the management tactics of adult patients with ASD II in order to prevent possible complications, should be objectively evaluated and taken into account such factors that determine their initial state as: the presence of high MPAP, volume overload of the right heart, and vice versa, underloading of the left heart, the conditions of the heart valves, the presence of arterial hypertension, existence of heart rhythm disorders, ischemic heart disease and left ventricle dysfunction. Conclusion. Modern medical literature convincingly proves that with the right selection of patients, transcatheter closure is a safe, highly effective method of correction of ASD II, accompanied by real economic effect and it should be considered a standard in the treatment of middle-aged and elderly patients. At the same time, studies on long-term results show that the positive functional effect does not have age restrictions.
Adherence to drug therapy in patients with chronic coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors:   Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tyumen, Russia, Gapon Liudmila I. , Samoilova Elena P. ,   Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tyumen, Russia, Bessonov Ivan S. ,   Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tyumen, Russia, Gultyaeva Elena P. ,   Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tyumen, Russia, Berdinsky Svetlana G. ,   Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tyumen, Russia
Published: February 2021

Background. Poor patient adherence to drug therapy (DT) for stable coronary heart disease (CHD) is an equally important component that affects treatment outcomes. Aim. To assess adherence to DT in patients with stable coronary heart disease in patients after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), compare with patients who received only DT. Materials and methods. The study included 150 patients with CHD (group 1) who underwent PCI surgery at the Tyumen cardiology research center. The com-parison group (group 2) consisted of 150 patients with stable CHD, receiving only DT. All patients were diagnosed with CHD and underwent coronary angiography in the anamnesis. The follow-up period was 30.8 months in both groups (8 months to 69 months). The groups of patients were comparable in the main indicators: sex, age, total cholesterol level, presence of concomitant arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, functional class (FC) of angina pectoris and heart failure, hemodynamically significant lesion of the main coronary arteries and arteries of the second order, the type of blood circulation and the number of affected vessels at the time of inclusion in the study. Patients of both groups were comparable in conservative therapy. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the statistical software package SPSS. Results. In the PCI group, FC of angina pectoris was higher, while in the MT group, III FC was more often registered. This reflects the positive effect of PCI on exercise tolerance. When analyzing regularly taken medications, it was determined that patients who underwent PCI were more likely to use all groups of drugs. On a face-to-face visit, biochemical blood tests for cholesterol spectrum were carried out. Attention is drawn to the low turnout of patients in the DT group compared to the PCI group. The target level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was not achieved in both groups, but due to greater adherence to statins in the PCI group, LDL was 0.7 mmol lower than in the DT group. Conclusion. PCI surgery in patients with CHD can not only improve the quality of stress angina pectoris, but also significantly increase adherence to the treatment of the main groups of drugs (statins and antiplatelets) that affect the prognosis.
Сardiotoxicity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 infection
Authors:   Interregional Public Organization ", Leonova Marina V. ,   Association of Clinical Pharmacologists",   , Russia
Published: February 2021

The cardiotoxicity of aminoquinolines presents as QT interval prolongation and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia, torsade de pointes (TdP). A scientific re-view of studies and meta-analyzes on the rate and risk of cardiotoxicity of aminoquinolines (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) is presented. The mechanism of development of QT syndrome during the use of aminoquinolines is associated with inhibition of the hERG gene open potassium channels 1A and 1A/1B, which are involved in the repolarization process, as well as inhibition of potassium, calcium and If-channels of the heart, which leads to an impaired conduction and bradycardia. In 3 systematic review of data (1962–2018) of analysis of cardiotoxic side effects of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, mefloquine in the treat-ment of malaria and connective tissue diseases, isolated cases of death due to QT interval prolongation/TdP arrhythmia were revealed, however, data on the rate of detecting QT interval prolongation was not enough. In the face of the COVID-19 novel coronavirus pandemic emergency, aminoquinolines are being re-purposed by the Food and Drug Administration – FDA (repurposing) to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome in hospitalized patients. Chloroquine and hy-droxychloroquine were intended to be administered in short courses with QT monitoring. However, the first data of clinical trials have revealed an increased risk for hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. In the first systematic review of studies in COVID-19 (14 clinical trials, n=1515), a clinically significant QT interval prolongation (QT≥500 ms or change of more than 60 ms) in 10% of patients receiving chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, and isolated cases of fatal arrhythmia was revealed. Subsequent studies showed that the incidence of QT interval prolongation during the use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine ranges from 10 to 23%, with isolated cases of ventricular arrhythmia TdP, but there is a significant increase in mortality (relative risk – RR 1.3–1.50) and sudden cardiac arrest (RR 1.91), especially in combination with azithromycin (RR>2.0). The FDA and the World Health Organization have limited the use of drugs for COVID-19. Perspectives for further treatment of COVID-19 infection are associated with remdesivir and favipiravir.
Difficulties in diagnosis and variants of the clinical course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in elderly patients
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Krylova Natalia S. , Krylova Natalia S. ,   City Clinical Hospital №52, Moscow, Russia, Maslova Maria Yu. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Poteshkina Natalia G. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Poteshkina Natalia G. ,   City Clinical Hospital №52, Moscow, Russia, Kovalevskaya Elena A. ,   City Clinical Hospital №52, Moscow, Russia, Selivanova Galina B. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2021

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetically determined disease with a morphological abnormality of myocardial contractile proteins, manifested by asymmetric left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. Currently, there is evidence that the HCM incidence rate in the population can be up to 1:200, as opposed to the traditionally quoted 1:500. In early works on HCM, this disease has been mostly perceived as a pathology of young and middle age with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Now it is generally accepted that patients with HCM are likely to reach the old or even geriatric age subject to the benign course of the disease. Comorbidity in such patients contributes to the clinical aspect of the disease. The article deals with problem areas of HCM diagnostics in elderly patients with an emphasis on differential diagnosis of HCM and left ventricular hypertrophy as part of hypertension. It contains a discussion of differential diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in HCM. The authors also focus on the specifics of the course of HCM in old age patients and present factors affecting the prognosis for this group of patients.
Hypolipidemic therapy: evidence-based effectiveness and new perspectives
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Kudina Ekaterina V. , Samkova Irina A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Larina Vera N. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2021

Background. Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors for the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, several classes of drugs are used in lipid-lowering therapy, which have proven their effectiveness over the past decades. However, in a number of patients there is an intolerance to these drugs or it is not possible to achieve the target levels of the lipid spectrum against the background of the use of maximum doses and combination therapy. This dictates the need to create new lipid-lowering drugs. Aim. To present data on the proven efficacy of widely used drugs in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and the prospects for therapy of this pathology. Materials and methods. We analysed literature sources, included European and Russian guidelines in the last 10 years. Results. The article presents the results of multicenter international randomized clinical trials that studied the efficacy and safety of the main classes of lipid-lo-wering drugs, both in the form of mono- and combination therapy. The indications for the administration of fibrates, ezetimibe omega-3-fats and PCSK9 inhibitors, depending on clinical situations, are discussed. Information on the mechanisms of action of new lipid-lowering drugs – bempedoic acid and inclisiran is presented. The results of clinical trials studying the efficacy and safety of these drugs are presented. Conclusion. Achieving the target levels of lipid metabolism in patients with cardiovascular diseases is an important link in the program to reduce the risk of de-velopment and progression of cardiovascular diseases. At the moment, statins remain the main drugs for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. But in some patients, in order to achieve the goal, the appointment of a combination therapy is required, in which both the long-used fibrates, ezetimibe, omega-3-fats, and the most recent drugs: PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid and inclisiran can be used.
Experience of using a professional tonometer for in-line blood pressure screening in patients in hospital
Authors:   Branch №3 of Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Balashikha, Russia, Valuev Vladimir E. , Butenko Anton V. ,   Branch №3 of Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Balashikha, Russia
Published: February 2021

Aim. Evaluation of the possible advantages of measuring blood pressure (BP) with a professional tonometer for in-line screening of blood pressure, pulse, ar-rhythmia (oscillometric method) in a hospital over measuring blood pressure using the auscultation method. Methods and outcomes. 2503 blood pressure measurements by the oscillometric method in 165 patients were analyzed. Of these, 136 people were ≥ 20–21 years old with a history of arterial hypertension – AH (1st group) and 29 people were young persons (18–20 years old) with no history of AH (2nd group). Results. Only 13,3% of participants had never measured BP; 24,1% of the 2nd group required antihypertensive therapy following the results of this study. The percentage of patients' awareness of their BP levels among those who measured BP by the auscultation method and by the oscillometric method was 10 and 100%, correspondently. In the course of the study, heart rhythm alterations were revealed in 9,5% of patients when using the oscillometric method. The measurement of BP in all patients in the department by one desk nurse requires 2 times less time when using the oscillometric method compared to the auscultation method. Conclusions. When measuring BP by the oscillometric method, regardless of patients’ age and gender, their awareness of the level of AH increases. Given a modern character of measurement and submitting data to the medical records in inpatients patients for accurate and quick correction of AH, detection of cardiac arrhythmias, it is preferable to choose a professional tonometer based on the oscillometric method for in-line specification of BP, pulse, arrhythmia. With regular BP monitoring, there is a correction of behavioral risk factors and adherence to antihypertensive therapy are corrected.
The role of potassium and magnesium for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease
Authors:   Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia, Pogozheva Alla V. , Pogozheva Alla V. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2021

The article provides data on foods rich in potassium and magnesium as well as causes and consequences of their insufficient intake. It shows a high prevalence of their deficiency among the Russia population. The article considers the role of potassium and magnesium in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Ways to increase potassium and magnesium in your diet include the use of special diets, potassium- and magnesium-rich foods. It discusses selection criteria and advantages of using drugs which contain both potassium and magnesium to improve the mineral status of the population.
Insulin resistance: focus on the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy
Authors:   Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation, Moscow, Russia, Shishkova Veronika N. , Shishkova Veronika N. ,   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia, Martynov Anatolii I. ,   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2021

Insulin resistance is the main link of pathogenesis of a lot of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The combination of insulin resistance – associated disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, refers to metabolic syndrome. The increase in the number of patients with metabolic syndrome is due to a prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle and inappropriate di-etary pattern in the modern world, and is also partially associated with the trend of population aging in most developed countries. In this regard, it is necessary to emphasize the relevance of the link between insulin resistance and the development of a specific complication – metabolic cardiomyopathy. Given that the triggering event in pathogenesis of this cardiomyopathy is alterations in substrate balance with following accumulation of lipotoxic metabolites in cardiomyocytes, the term “lipotoxic cardiomyopathy” has been proposed. This cardiomyodystrophy is associated with myocardial hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, which thereafter result into chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. Although the link between the lipotoxic cardiomyodystrophy and insulin resistance–associated disorders is quite close, till now all therapeutic strategies involving only complex therapy with antidiabetic and lipid-lowering drugs have not led to a decrease in the risk for cardiomyopathy. There is a need in searching for effective therapeutic strategies to reduce the incidence of both lipotoxic cardiomyody-strophy and associated chronic heart failure.
Pharmacoeconomic analysis of the use of dapagliflozin in patients with NYHA class II–IV chronic heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Nedogoda Sergey V. , Tereshhenko Sergey N. ,   National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia, Tereshhenko Sergey N. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Zhirov Igor V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia, Zhirov Igor V. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Salasyuk Alla S. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Villevalde Svetlana V. ,   Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Barykina Irina N. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Lutova Viktoriia O. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Popova Ekaterina A. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
Published: February 2021

Aim. To evaluate the economic efficiency of using dapagliflozin in patients with chronic heart failure with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% NYHA II–IV in the Russian Federation Methods. Conducted a cost-benefit analysis/cost-minimization analysis and budget impact analysis. The calculation of costs was carried out in a global model adapted to the health care system of the Russian Federation by using Russian cost indicators and indicators of disease characteristics. Results. The addition of dapagliflozin to standard care compared to standard care only will provide an additional 0.356 LYGs (life years gained) and 0.306 QALYs (quality adjusted life years) for each patient during 10 years of therapy, which will lead to an additional cost of 33.32%. The incremental cost of 1 added year of life with dapagliflozin will amount to 460 943 rubles per patient, 1 year of life adjusted for quality – 537 230 rubles, which does not exceed the value of one GDP per capita in 2019 (749 813 rubles). Thus intensification of CHF therapy with dapagliflozin is economically viable. At the same time, the use of dapa-gliflozin for 10 years in 1000 target patients will avoid 128 hospitalizations and 23 urgent outpatient visits for CHF, as well as prevent 47 CV deaths. The NNT (number need to treat) index for the compared strategies for hospitalization for CHF is only 8 people. Intensification of standard therapy for CHF with dapagliflozin in comparison with valsartan/sacubitril will reduce the costs of the healthcare system by 29 417 rubles per patient for one year of therapy and 73 167 rubles per patient over 3 years of therapy with comparable efficiency.
Serum creatinine level changes and contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Mironova Olga Iu. , Fomin Viktor V. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2021

Aim. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of different risk factors on the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and methods. Patients, who were receiving optimal medical therapy and had indications to coronary angiography and possible coronary angioplasty, with stable CAD were included in the study. We conducted an observational open prospective cohort study, which was registered in clinicaltrials.gov with ID NCT04014153. Results. We included 1023 patients with chronic CAD. Most of the patients, included in the study, were males aged 61.7±10.1 years with arterial hypertension and overweight. The rate of CI-AKI in this group was 12.9% (132 patients). The rate of CI-AKI using the absolute creatinine rise definition was 1.8% cases (18 cases). A logistic regression model was created, where baseline creatinine, baseline glomerular filtration rate and delta between baseline creatinine and creatinine level after contrast media administration were the most statistically significant risk factors. The AUC was 0.984 (95% CI 0.969–0.999; p<0.0001). Conclusion. The most significant risk factors in the logistic regression model created were baseline creatinine, baseline glomerular filtration rate and delta between baseline creatinine and creatinine level after contrast media administration were the most statistically significant risk factors.
The importance of glycemic control in patients with early forms of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in order to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular pathology
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Kochergina Irina I.
Published: February 2021

The article presents data on the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes; the high compatibility of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular pathology; high mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease, in the presence of both acute and chronic cardiovascular complications; on the important role of glucose- and lipotoxicity in the progression of carbohydrate metabolism from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus, the role of hyperglycemia in the deve-lopment of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hypertension, liver, kidney, endothelial dysfunction, the role of hyper- and hypoglycemia in the development of acute vascular complications – myocardial infarction, stroke, gangrene of the lower extremities; on the protective role of adiponectin – a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus, on the importance of glycemic control for the timely detection of early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism – impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose; on the role of metformin in the prevention of progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes and cardiac pathology; on the gluco- and cardioprotective role of modern sugar-lowering drugs.