bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Root Resorption of Avulsed tooth : case report
Authors: Kahm Se-Hoon , Hyun Chang-lim , Kim Sung-Joon
Published: August 2024

Completely avulsed tooth caused by a traumatic injury needs replantation for treatment choice. But, replantated tooth usually comes with inflammatory root resorption, replacement resorption and ankylosis, moreover ankylosis cause severe functional and esthetic problems. The outcome of replantated tooth depends on the following factors; minimal damage to pulp and periodontal tissue, the length of extraoral time, the medium of the tooth stored, the level of root formation and so on. The purpose of this case report is to describe the variable resorption pattern and to discuss types that influence the occurrence of resorption.
Successful strategy of treatment used to rhBMP-2 and LFA-collagen scaffold for BRONJ
Authors: Kwon Kyung-Hwan
Published: August 2024

Bispbosphonates are a class of pharmaceutic agents, which induce apoptosis of osteoclast as well as impair osteoclastic activity to suppress bone resorption. Thus, bisphophonates are effectively used to treat osteoporosis, multiple myeloma and to prevent bone metastases of malignant cancer. However, recently dental disease have been reported associated with Bisphosphonates. Thus, there are a number of discussions about proper prevention and treatment of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of jaw(BRONJ). Marshall R. Urist in 1965 made the seminal discovery that a specific protein, BMP(bone morphogenetic protein), found in the extracellular matrix of demineralized bone could induce bone formation newly when implanted in extraosseous tissues in a host. BMPs are multi-functional growth factors which are members of the transforming growth factor-beta super family and their ability is that plays a pivotal roll in inducing bone. About 18 BMP family members have been identified and characterized. Among of them, BMP-2 and BMP-7 have significant importance in bone development. In this study, patients of BRONJ were recieved who visited Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, school of dentistry, Wonkwang university for past 3 years from 2011 to 2013. We focused on the results of the surgical intervention. We suggest that new strategy of treatment used to rhBMP-2 and LFA(Lidocaine-Fibrinogen-Aprotinin)-collagen scaffold for patients of BRONJ. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview of BMPs and to critically review the clinical data currently available on rhBMP-2 and LFA collage scaffold.
Suitable scanning procedures for various prosthodontic treatments and the utilization of intraoral scanner
Authors: Park Ji-Manm , Park Eun-Jin , Heo Seong-Joo
Published: August 2024

With the development of digital dentistry, various intra-oral scanners which acquire intraoral image without conventional impression taking and stone pouring steps have been introduced. Fixed dental prostheses such as inlay, onlay, crown, and bridge fabricated by CAD/CAM technique combined with digital impressions is getting popular due to the recent rapid progress of digital impression taking system. In comparison with traditional prosthetic procedure, the advantages of intraoral image acquiring and CAD/CAM technique are as follows; the omission of conventional impression materials, reduced workflow step, and increased efficiency by online communication with clinic and laboratory. This review article covers some opinions about the suitable scanning procedures for the various prosthodontic treatments and the utilization of digital intraoral scanner and CAD/CAM system.
Bone graft of alveolar bone defects using rhBMP-2
Authors: Kim Su-Gwan
Published: August 2024

A new field in dental implantology is developing with the goal of finding new ways to improve the osteoconductivity of bone substitutes and to study new molecules able to dictate cellular differentiation and improve bone regeneration. The real future in bone regeneration seems to be in connection with the rhBMP-2s, currently obtained by synthesis using recombinant DNA. Since the first rhBMP-2 studies in humans by Boyne, There are many studies for bone regeneration at oral and maxillofacial area. The rhBMP-2 is widely used at sinus augmentation, alveolar bone defect, and socket preservation.
Behavior management for dental patients with special needs
Authors: Hwang Ji- Young
Published: August 2024

Individuals with special needs include those with behavioral issues, developmental disorders, cognitive disorders, congenital or genetic disorders, or systemic disease. These conditions may place them at increased risk for oral diseases. Dental management of patients with special needs require in-depth understanding of the background of disability and available behavioral guidance theories. Therefore dental team members need more training in the theory and practice of behavior management principles, which might lead to a clinical experience that is more respectful of the dignity and independence of patients with special needs. The dental professional should be flexible to modify the behavior management approach according to the individual patients needs. Also a family/care-giver centered approach based on their preferences and concerns, the patient's challenging behaviors, and related medical problem can serve to improve the treatment planning and oral health management of dental patients with special needs. This article focuses on uncooperative behavior and behavior management, which help practicing dentists to understand their role in the care of patients with special needs.
Oral health promotion of the disabled by consistent voluntary dental care services
Authors: Kim Jin-Bom , Kim Byung-Jae , Han Dong-Hun , Jun Eun-Joo , Kim Han-Na , Kim Min-Ji
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral health promotion of the disabled persons by voluntary dental services in Ulsan Metropolitan City. Two dentists taken a calibration training for national oral health survey examined the oral health status of 473 disabled persons from two special schools for the disabled children and adolescents, a residential facility and a gymnasium for the disabled persons in 2009-2010. The surveyed disabled persons in the age range was from 7 to 74 years old. Voluntary dentists, oral hygienists and other civilian volunteers had supplied with the oral health care services to the disabled persons at dental clinics of special schools for the disabled children and adolescents, and a dental clinic supported from Nam-Gu Public Health Center in Ulsan Metropolitan City since 1997. The obtained data from these surveys were analyzed with the SPSS statistical package. Among subjects aged 12-14 years, subjects with decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) in permanent dentition was 46.9%; subjects with untreated decayed teeth, 17.2%. The number of decayed, missing and filled teeth in permanent dentition was 1.36. The proportion of decayed components of DMFT score was 28.00%; proportion of missing components of DMFT score, 1.43%; proportion of filled components of DMFT score, 70.57%. The proportion of filled components of DMFT score among disabled persons of all age group in Ulsan were evaluated to be a similar level to non-disabled citizens in Ulsan from 2010 Korean National Survey. The oral health care programs for disabled persons by voluntary services of dental professionals and other civilians are evaluated to be effective for the oral health promotion of disabled persons in Ulsan.
Management of traumatic oral mucosal lesion by CO2 LASER
Authors: Byun Jin-Seok , Jung Jae-Kwang , Choi Jae-Kap
Published: August 2024

Various mucosal lesions are originated in oral cavity and trauma is most common cause of these lesions. Definitive treatment of these lesions is stop of traumatic events and removal. There are two representative removal methods in medical fields; conventional mess or LASER. Compare to conventional mess technique, LASER has several advantages such as bleeding control, pain reduction. Of the various LASER systems, CO_2 LASER is regarded as best choice for general practitioners due to its convenience, universal use and high cost/benefit effects. In these article, we report the treatment cases of mucocele, fibroma, and leukoplakias using CO_2 LASER. Eventhough there are malignancy potential of oral mucosal lesion especially leukoplakias, careful history taking, clinical examination, and regular check-up will help the general practitioners to manage these lesions. Simple and relatively safe oral mucosal lesions have to be treated more in general dental practitioners.
The current status of dental dispute: Centered on the 2nd data(Korea Consumer Agency, Med-in)
Authors: Ahn Yong Soon , Ahn Eun Suk , Goong Hwa-Soo
Published: August 2024

There is a need to comprehend dental accidents accurately, and construct patient-safety-system in order to prevent consistently increasing dental accident or dispute. This study is aimed to provide basic data for an efficient counterplain by looking through and classifying already occurred dental accidents from an angle of patient safety. Recently, the number of dispute on dental implant was the highest according to rapid growth of dental implant. As a result of classifying dental accidents by International Classification for Patient Safety (ICPS), it is confirmed that cause of accident is different by each type of dental treatment. It is expected to help preventing and managing dental disputes properly by studying actual state of dental disputes in perspective of patient safety. Effort to reduce dental accidents and activity to pursue patient safety have thread in connection. I believe that financial profits of dental clinic and improvement of quality in dental treatment can be achieved through these efforts.
Reduction of Medical Accidents and Disputes: with priority given to effective communication
Authors: Shin Hosung , Kim Min-Young , Lee Jeong-Woo
Published: August 2024

The importance of effective communication is increasingly stressed in the medical sector. This is crucial for the resolution of medical accidents and conflicts, and that can contribute to the prevention of the two as well. The careful attitude of the medical team toward patient safety and their communication with colleagues and other departments are mandatory for the successful decrease of dental accidents. The good communication within of the hospital organization is one of vital ways to ensure accurate diagnosis and successful treatment. In the field of health care, effective teamwork requires a shared goal, superb work skills, communication and cooperation, but this fact has been overlooked so far. Among those factors, communication is indispensable to the achievement of organizational goals, and how to boost communication by acquiring diverse skills and using appropriate tools in the dentistry should discreetly be considered. This study explared how to improve the teamwork and communication of organization in an effort to seek specific ways of reducing medical conflict in dental.
Treatment considerations in peri-implantitis
Authors: Kim Bo-Bae , Ko Young kyung , Park Jun-Beom
Published: August 2024

Peri-implantitis is defined as an inflammatory process affecting the tissues around an osseointegrated implant, resulting in the loss of the supporting bone. Microbial adherence and colonization appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of periimplantitis. The decision regarding treatment strategies is based on the diagnosis. The severity of the peri-implant lesion and the treatment strategies must include mechanical cleaning (infection control) procedures. Mechanical instrumentation is widely used for the debridement of dental implants, but this may alter the titanium's surface properties. Therefore, selection of the type of instrumentation should be made depending on the type of surface to be debrided. Also, patients with dental implants must always be enrolled in a supportive therapy program.
The orthodontic strategies for adult patients of cleft lip and palate
Authors: Kim Jae-Hoon
Published: August 2024

Even the adult cleft lip and palate patient who has not had timely treatment during the growth period, can be treated with orthodontic treatment without the necessity of orthognathic surgery if only the patient is treated under correct diagnosis and fitting appliances. Initially, maxillary arch form is established by constructing trifocal circles. Posterior region can be expanded and derotated laterally with pentahelix and anterior teeth are aligned with Tiggle brackets and "ㄷ"-shaped spring. Thereafter, anterior and posterior regions are consolidated. Mandibular intercanine width should be adjusted to maxillary intercanine width which was unavoidably reduced. Mandibular anterior tooth extraction will be helpful to attain proper mandibular intercanine width and better anterior dental showing.
Two-short implant supported single molar restoration in atrophic posterior maxilla : a clinical study
Authors: Song Ho-Yong , Heo Yoon-Hyuk , Park Chan-Jin , Cho Lee-Ra
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare marginal bone loss and survival rates of double short implants(multiple implant) which had been installed and restored in severely atrophic maxillary molar site without a grafting procedure. Material and Method: The subjects were patients (90 patients, 180 implants) who had been installed double short implants in severely atrophic maxillary single molar site without bone augmentation procedure from 2006 to 2014 in dental clinic in Chuncheon city. Following data were collected from dental records and radiographic panoramic views: patient's age, gender, smoking status, implant site, timing of implant installation, residual ridge height. The correlation between those factors and survival rate and marginal bone loss were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test, Student's t- test and ANOVA. Result: Eleven implants in 6 patients failed and the cumulative survival rate was 93.9%. No significant differences were found in relation to the following factors: patient's age, gender, implant site, timing of implant installation (P> .05). There were significant differences in smoking status and residual ridge height(P< .05). The average follow-up time was 45pm14.7months. The mean marginal bone loss of survived 169 implants was 0.08pm0.59mm. Conclusion: Despite the short term outcomes, the survival rate of double short implants was comparable to normal length implants. This study demonstrated that placement of double short implants without the use of bone grafting procedure for severely atrophic posterior maxilla is a simple and predictable treatment procedure.
Dental care utilization and expenditures among children in Korea Health Panel Survey: 2008 - 2013
Authors: Jung Se-Hwan
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine dental care utilization and expenditures among children aged 0 to 19 years using Korea Health Panel Survey (KHPS) data in 2008 - 2013. Weighted estimates were nationally representative and statistical significances were analysed by x2 test or adjusted Wald test using STATA 13 software. While dental care utilization increased steadily among children from 2008 through 2013, less than one-third the children received dental care in 2013. Compared with 2008, the proportion of restorative care, oral surgery, preventive care decreased and the proportion of orthodontic care, prosthetic care increased. While the proportion of amalgam markedly decreased, the proportion of resin increased. This study highlight socioeconomic disparities in dental utilization and expenditures among children. Especially the findings provide a baseline assessment for examining trends on dental care for children in the future.
Regional difference between the distributions of dental revenues in metropolitan areas and rural areas: Empirical validation of the competition index
Authors: Choi Hyungkil
Published: August 2024

The increase rate of dentists' competition is very fast at metropolitan areas in South Korea. We compare metropolitan and rural parameters to investigate the relation between competition and revenue variation. The competition and revenue variables of 73 metropolitan and 75 rural areas were calculated from 2010 Census of Service Industry microdata which include non-insurance revenues of dental clinics. Independent sample t-test results showed that the level of competition among dental clinics in metropolitan areas is higher. The lowest and the low ranked revenues are higher in rural areas. The highest and the average revenues are higher in metropolitan areas. But, 25 percentile and median revenues has no significant difference between two areas. Simple log linear regression results showed that the number of clinics could explain the distribution of revenues in both areas better than the density of active dentists and Herfindahl-Hirschman index. In the areas with many clinics have high maximum and average revenues and low minimum revenues. The increasing rate of maximum revenues is higher in metropolitan areas though the decreasing rate of minimum revenues is higher in rural areas. Metropolitan areas have higher Gini coefficients than rural areas, but the increasing rate of Gini coefficients is lower than rural areas. Findings from this study are useful reference when the dentists select the opening areas. One is that the median revenues between metropolitan and rural areas have no significant difference. The other is that the rural areas ensure the more stable and uniform revenues. The results would help to relieve the consumptive competition among dentists and to achieve the distributional efficiency of dental human resources.
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Vacuum Oral Cleaner Developed for Patients with Limited Mobility
Authors: Lee Jae-Hyun , Jung Ki-Won , Kim Hee-Kyung , Koo Ki-Tae , Kim Sung-Hun
Published: August 2024

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the plaque removal effects of vacuum oral cleaner developed for the patients with limited mobility with those of manual toothbrushes and high pressure injection oral cleaner (dental water jet). Meterials and methods : Thirty human subjects were measured with Patient Hygiene Performance index (PHP index) and O'Leary index before and after the use of toothbrush, high pressure injection oral cleaner and vacuum oral cleaner. These three different oral hygiene methods were conducted with seven-day intermittence. Then the statistical analysis was carried out to define plaque removal rate of three different oral hygiene methods (alpha=.05). Results : According to the efficacy analysis of plaque removal before and after the oral cleaning using each of three methods, significant reduction in plaque after the treatment compared to the previous state when using toothbrush, high pressure injection oral cleaner, and vacuum oral cleaner was observed (P < 0.001). PHP index of tooth brushing was higher than that of the high pressure injection oral cleaner, while PHP index of vacuum oral cleaner did not show significant difference from either of the other two methods. There was no significance difference in O'Leary index among the three methods. Conclusion : Effect of plaque removal using the vacuum oral cleaner is comparable to that of manual tooth brush or high pressure injection oral cleaner, so it will be helpful for self-oral hygiene care of the patients with limited mobility.
The antibacterial effect of xanthorrhizol as an endodontic irrigant on Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Yue Wonyoung , Song Minju , Kang Si-Mook , Kim Baek-il , Yoon Tai-Cheol , Kim Euiseong
Published: August 2024

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of xanthorrhizol (XTZ) on E. faecalis, compared with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). Materials and Methods Normal physiological state (NS), starvation state (SS), and alkalization state (AS) of E. faecalis were used. A solution containing 1% XTZ in 30% ethanol, 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 100 mg/ml sodium methyl cocoyl taurate was used and is referred to as Xan in this study. To determine the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Xan and CHX, 500µl of E. faecalis (NS and two stress states) was added to a microtube containing 500µl of serial 2-fold dilutions of 1% Xan and 2% CHX (1:2-1:128). The MBC of each antimicrobial was determined by the plate count method. Results The antibacterial effect of Xan was more effective on E. faecalis in AS than in the other states (NS, SS) at 0.125% Xan and 0.03325% Xan (P<0.05). In contrast, the antibacterial effect of CHX was more effective against E. faecalis in SS than the other states (NS, AS) at 0.0625% CHX (P<0.05). In SS, the antibacterial effect of CHX was more effective than that of Xan at 0.125% and 0.0625% (P<0.05). However, in AS, the antibacterial effect of Xan was more effective than that of CHX at 0.0625% and 0.03325% (P<0.05). Conclusions In endodontic retreatment cases in which it is important to effectively remove E. faecalis from the infected root canal, Xan may be more suitable when combined with NaOCl than CHX.
Contemporary Concept for Prevention and treatment of MRONJ (Medication Related Osteonecrosis of Jaw)
Authors: Park Jung-Hyun , Kim Sun-Jong
Published: August 2024

Bisphosphonates are widely used mainly for the treatment of osteoporosis and bone metastasis of malignancy. Since the first report of MRONJ, there have been many studies associated, however the pathogenesis of MRONJ is not yet clear. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is a serious complication associated with long-term medication therapy. It is characterized by exposed necrotic bonein the jaw, which has persisted for more than 8weeks despite continuous treatment by dentist. The mechanism of development of MRONJ is still unclear and there is no definitive standard treatment for MRONJ. The purpose of this study is to investigate the jaw bone destruction mechanism of accumulated bisphosphonates, so that we can develop therapeutic method to repair the defect and stop the destruction process. The authors performed simultaneous application of PRF(Platelet rich fibrin) and BMP-2(Bone morphogenetic protein-2) to stimulate not only soft tissue healing but also osseous regeneration. Our case series demonstrate that simultaneous application of platelet rich fibrin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 can be a treatment of choice for MRONJ.
Digital fabrication and application of clear aligner after alignment with NiTi archwires
Authors: Lim Sung-Hoon
Published: August 2024

There are interferences between the teeth to be moved and the clear aligner made from setup. These interferences generate forces which move teeth to the desired position. However, these can cause incomplete tooth capture of clear aligner. When these interferences exceed the acceptable deformation of aligner, unwanted intrusion of teeth to be moved occurs. When correction of rotation or tipping of teeth is attempted, intrusion prevails before rotation or tipping. However, clear aligner can induce labiolingual tipping or intrusion easily. To achieve preliminary alignment including control of rotation and tipping, NiTi archwires with fixed appliance can be used first, and then clear aligner can be used for finishing in mild Class I maloccusion cases. For this purpose, clear aligner can be made using a digital setup and 3D printing. To move teeth using a clear aligner, tooth capture is critical. To improve tooth capture of clear aligners, slingshot or vertical elastics can be used. These were discussed with illustrations.
Clinical limitations and its solutions of the clear overlay appliance treatment
Authors: Bae Gi-Sun
Published: August 2024

A clear overlay appliance is a type of a removable appliance made from transparent thermoplastic plastic film that covers the entire dentition to move the teeth. It is one of the most favored orthodontic methods opted for by adult patients; this treatment is esthetic, does not cause discomfort and allows oral hygiene to be easily managed when compared to other conventional fixed treatment methods. However, the use of clear overlay appliances, such as invisalign or clear aligner, is associated with various clinical challenges. In particular, the appliances require longer treatment periods compared to fixed treatment, and due to the structural characteristics of the appliances, it is difficult to make proper posterior occlusion and certain type of tooth movement, including extrusion, rotation and tip. Thus, the clear overlay appliances are regarded as supplementary appliances by most orthodontists and have been used for simple orthodontic treatments, such as partial anterior alignments or orthodontic relapse cases. Owing to the remarkable advancement in the field of 3D digital technology over a period of 15 years, the accuracy and convenience of modern clear overlay appliances have continuously improved. Moreover, orthodontic outcomes have also been greatly improved by the introduction of new materials and successful application of various biomechanical methods from conventional orthodontic treatments in the design of clear overlay appliances. This study investigates the clinical limitations that should be considered during the application of clear overlay appliances and also examines the efforts and methods used to overcome these challenges.
Rehabilitation using short implants in the mandibular fully edentulous patient with severe alveolar bone loss: a case report
Authors: Hwang Hee-Sun , Lee Ki-Young , Kim Yu-Lee
Published: August 2024

A short dental implant is considered as possible solution in difficult clinical situations for the placement of a regular length implant. Using a short implant avoiding more invasive surgical procedures simplifies the treatment plan and shortenes the duration of treatment. In this case, 71-year-old female came up with discomfort from her old mandibular denture. As she had fully edentulous mandible and got a negative feedback from removable denture, implant-supported fixed prosthesis was planned. Six short implants were placed on her mandible with severe alveolar bone loss. After 1 year follow up period, implants were well retained with any other abnormal findings. The patient was satisfied with her prostheses and satisfactory outcomes were attained in terms of both esthetic and functional clinical results.
The effect of supportive periodontal therapy after periodontal treatment : A 1-year follow up.
Authors: Kim Shin-Young , Kim Yong-Gun
Published: August 2024

Purpose : Preservation of the periodontal health of the treated patient requires supportive periodontal therapy for the elimination of periodontal disease. After Phase I therapy is completed, patients are placed on a schedule of periodic recall visits for maintenance care to prevent recurrence of the disease. The amount of tooth loss would be the most relevant criterion in an evaluation of the effect of periodontal treatment, but this would require studies with extremely long follow-up periods. Thus the most commonly used outcome criteria in clinical research have been clinical attachment level change, reduction of pocket depth and bleeding frequency. The purpose of this case study is to identify the effect of supportive periodontal therapy after periodontal flap surgery. Materials & Methods : Following routine hygienic phase of treatment, patients with chronic periodontitis received surgical periodontal treatment. Bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment level were measured at baseline, pre-operation and 1 year follow up. All procedures were performed by one operator. Results : One year a total of 28 patients (58sites) to recheck remained, when conducted maintenance program after periodontal flap surgery was observed reduction of bleeding frequency, pocket depth and improvement of clinical attachment level. Conclusion : The results from this study indicate that supportive periodontal therapy after periodontal flap surgery is effective for reduction of bleeding frequency, pocket depth and gain of clinical attachment level.
Local ridge augmentation using a composite of bone substitute and collagen membrane at peri-implant dehiscence defects: a clinical, radiographic and histological analyses.
Authors: Song Young Woo , Yoon So-Ra , Cha Jae-Kook , Lee Jung-Seok , Choi Seong-Ho , Jung Ui-Won
Published: August 2024

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a composite of bone substitute and collagen barrier membrane (bone patch) for local ridge augmentation at peri-implant dehiscence defects on the clinical efficacy and positional stability in dogs. Materials and methods : Implant placement and ridge augmentation procedure were performed at surgically created peri-implant dehiscence defects in canine mandible (n=6). Four treatment modalities were randomly applied: i) bone patch group, ii) Guided bone regeneration (GBR) without pin fixation group (bone graft and collagen membrane), iii) GBR with pin fixation group, and iv) negative control group. After 12 weeks, clinical, micro-CT and histological analyses were performed. Results : Histologic analysis showed that bone patch group had similar results to GBR group and GBR with fixation group in terms of new bone formation. Micro-CT analysis revealed similar results to histologic analysis in terms of total volume maintenance. Operating time was shorter in bone patch group compared to GBR group and GBR with fixation groups. Conclusions : GBR using bone patch could simplify the ridge augmentation procedure with reduced operating time and equivalent biological performance compared to the conventional procedure.
Bone Graft in Immediate Implantation after Anterior Tooth Extraction
Authors: Kim Young-Kyun
Published: August 2024

Thin labial plate will be resorbed after extraction. Immediate implantation cannot prevent soft and hard tissue loss. Bone graft can be necessary in the immediate implantation after anterior tooth extraction. Slowly-resorbed or non-resorbable bone graft material have many advantages in esthetic area because of maintenance of volume. The clinicians should select the adequate cases of immediate implantation according to the indication and contraindication.
Powered toothbrush : who uses it and how to use?
Authors: Ma Deuk-Sang
Published: August 2024

Since early model of powered toothbrush (Broxadent) was introduced in the 1960s, the design of powered toothbrush has changed significantly. Today powered toothbrushes can be categorized as mechanical and sonic. The main patterns of movements in the modern powered toothbrushes are oscillation, reciprocation, and rotational. Powered brushes especially helpful for people who have disabilities or dexterity issue. These brushes are also highly recommended for patients who require a larger handle because these are easier to grasp. By systematic review of Cochrane group in 2014, powered toothbrushes reduced dental plaque and gingivitis more than manual toothbrushing in the short and long term. Now we can recommend powered toothbrushes to people who need to enhance self-control dental plaque removal efficacy.
Various considerations of apically positioned flap operation and free gingival graft
Authors: Cho In-Woo
Published: August 2024

A keratinized gingiva is important to the natural teeth and it is more essential to the health of the peri-implant mucosa of the implants. There are various surgical methods to restore a keratinized gingiva. First, a clinician could utilize apically positioned flap operation. This flap operation technique could be used as a full or partial thickness. If there is little keratinized gingival tissue available for the apically positioned flap operation, free gingival grafting should be used. Its technique sensitivity is relatively high, but using various surgical techniques and disciplines makes it simple and have the good predictability. There have been many considerations for those surgical techniques. Clinicians who treat for periodontitis or operate implant surgeries have to know the considerations and surgical methods.
Mucogingival surgery for patients under orthodontic treatment
Authors: Park Shin-Young
Published: August 2024

Gingival recession is one of the common mucogingival problems during the orthodontic treatment. The causes of the gingival recession are similar to gingival recession in patients with periodontal diseases. Accumulation of bacterial deposits around the natural teeth induces the gingival inflammation and gingival recession occurs in the teeth with the lack of the supporting bone. However, malpositioned teeth which are labially positioned teeth or rotated teeth are more risky for gingival recession. Once root is exposed to oral cavity due to gingival recession, the orthodontic tooth movement is compromised and esthetic problems appeared. In addition, excessive gingival recession over the mucogingival junction jeopardizes the oral hygiene control, which has a risk of further gingival recession and bone loss around the tooth. To cover exposed root or to prevent further gingival recession, mucogingival surgery with gingival graft is recommended for the patients under orthodontic treatment. This case report aimed to present the mucogingival treatments of gingival recession observed during orthodontic treatment. Case I had had initial slight gingival recession before the orthodontic treatment. However, during the retraction phases, the gingival recession progressed and the periodontal treatment was referred. In case II, miller Class III gingival recession was occurred after correction of rotation. Both cases were treated by coronally advanced flap with free gingival grafts and recovered to the level of adjacent teeth despite of complete root coverage was not achieved in Case II. After periodontal treatment, orthodontic treatment was successfully completed. In conclusion, mucogingival surgery during the orthodontic treatment is recommended for the successful orthodontic treatment as well as periodontal health.
Prevalence and treatment of mandibular first molar eruption disturbances
Authors: Son Woo-Sung , Song Hyo-Kyung , Kim Seong Sik
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to describe the prevalence and treatment of mandibular first molar eruption disturbances. Methods: A total of 38 mandibular first molars(M1mn) from 36 patients(17 males and 19 females; aged 9 years 2 months?35 years 10 months) were identified from the 13,391 patients that received orthodontic treatment from 1983?2012. The subjects were classified into 3 categories based on panoramic radiographic examination: impaction due to ectopic position of the tooth germ relative to the contra-side same tooth(Group 1), impaction due to obstruction of the eruption path with cyst or calcium mass (Group 2), and primary and secondary retention due to defects in the follicle or periodontal ligament(PDL; Group 3). The treatment outcomes were evaluated into four categories: no treatment(A), orthodontic traction(B), autotransplantation(C), and extraction due to orthodontic traction failure(D). Results: The prevalence rate of M1mn eruption disturbances in this sample was 0.27%. In Groups 1 and 2, most of the impacted M1mn were erupted successfully by orthodontic traction. In Group 3, most of the retained M1mn were failed to erupt and recommended for extraction. Conclusions: Treatment prognosis was favorable on Group 1 & 2 than Group 3. After removing an element of the cause in case of Group 1 & 2, orthodontic traction or periodic observation will be recommended.
Trend analysis of new health technology in dentistry
Authors: Lee Jong-Ho , Kim Min-Jeong , Im Daum , Sim Bo-Gyun , Lim Young-Joon , Kim Su-Kwan , Kim Man-Yong , Kim Bong-Ju
Published: August 2024

Objectives : Currently, it is being reported that new health technology (HT) is introduced and spread throughout Korea at a very fast rate. However, the current status of new HT related to dentistry has not been known or studied. Therefore, this study aims to understand the present state and awareness on dentistry-related domestic new HT via surveys and research, and thus apply this as a reference to construct an effective new HT-related system in the field of dentistry. Methods : The assessment status of New Health Technology Assessment (nHTA) committee was searched on the website for any updates on new HT5). The cases were searched in the range between Jan 1 2012 and Jul 31 2016 by submission date and were analyzed by year, division of technology, progress and major operating practitioner. Among those, technologies utilized by dentists were additionally analyzed. The survey result was obtained by combining responses of 25 participants from the workshop for new HT application and 11 members of Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (KAOMS). The workshop was co-hosted by KAOMS and Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science (CTRC) under Seoul National University Dental Hospital (SNUDH). Results : Most of the respondents to the survey have heard of new health technology but were unaware of the application procedure. 'Safety and effectiveness' was selected the most for things to consider when introducing new HT, followed by 'scientific evidence of the technology.' For new dental HT status, submissions between 2012 and Jul 31 2016 were analyzed by major operating practitioner, including cases where there are multiple practitioners. Yet, only 19 cases (17 %) of dentists were reported. Among 385 cases approved by nHTA, only 2 cases included dentists. Conclusions : Active publicity by the government on new HT and its application procedure, and continued interest and research in the dental and medical community is likely to be required for the development of dentistry.
Reconstruction of failed fixed implant prosthesis accompanied by abutment screw loosening and fracture : A case report
Authors: Bae Eun-Bin , Shin Young-Gun , Jeon Young-Chan , Jeong Chang-Mo , Yun Mi-Jung , Lee So-Hyoun , Huh Jung-Bo
Published: August 2024

In the case of failed fixed implant prosthesis accompanied by abutment screw fracture, fractured screw fragment must be removed to use the existing implant fixtures. A 61-year-old male patient, who had a failed maxillary fixed implant prosthesis accompanied by three abutment screw fracture, hoped to reconstruct the maxillary implant prosthesis, while maintaining the existing implant fixtures. To use the existing implant fixtures, fractured screw fragments were removed. A maxillary implant overdenture using available existing implants was planned. Bar-attachment with Locator was used for implant splinting, denture stability, and retention. Final impression was taken after treatment of peri-implantitis. Jaw relation registration was taken to evaluate available interarch space for bar-attachment. After fabricating bar-attachment, centric relation was taken. Implant overdenture using bar-attachment with Locator was delivered after wax-denture evaluation. This case report showed that a satisfactory clinical result was achieved by implant overdenture using existing implant fixtures in a maxillary edentulous patient.
Essential of Endodontic microsurgery with the use of a Surgical Operating Microscope
Authors: Kim Sunil
Published: August 2024

Endodontic surgery is a procedure to treat apical periodontitis or abscess in cases that did not heal after nonsurgical treatment or retreatment. This might include situations with persistent intracanal infection after root canal treatment. Other reasons might be found in extraradicular infection, such as bacterial biofilm on the apical root surface or bacteria within the lesion. For many years, the treatment standard was the traditional approach with surgical burs and amalgam for root-end filling. Endodontic microsurgery is the most recent step in the evolution of endodontic surgery, applying not only ultrasonic tip and biocompatible filling materials but also incorporating high-power magnification and illumination. Although many studies have been published that advocate the use of modern technique, the traditional techniques are still widely used in the surgery community. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the endodontic microsurgery procedure including the root-end preparation and filling with the use of a surgical operating microscope.
Multiple myeloma: Report of two cases with emphasis on the panoramic imaging features
Authors: Yeom Han-Gyeol
Published: August 2024

Multiple myeloma is a lymphohematopoietic disorder leading to abnormal hemostasis and significant pathologic changes of skeletal system. It induces multiple circular or oval-shaped radiolucent lesions which are characterized by 'punched-out appearance'. The surrounding trabecular bone normally shows no significant sclerotic reaction. Multiple myeloma patients may visit dental clinics, without perception of the disease themselves, due to discomfort from edema of orofacial region, oral ulcers, tooth mobility, pain or gingival bleeding. Multiple myeloma is susceptible to various complications, including delayed hemostasis and infection, which could occur during routine dental treatment such as periodontal and surgical operation. For radiographic diagnosis of multiple myeloma, common radiologic features of this tumor could be visualized by panoramic radiographs in the dental clinics, and further medical examinations and treatment can be recommended as a result.
Prevalence of Various Anatomic Variations in Cross-sectioned Apices of Maxillary Second Molars in Korean and Their Effect on Canal Cleanliness
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Bae Jihyun , Choi Yonghoon
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study evaluated the apical root canal system of maxillary second molars, in which conventional endodontic treatment had failed. Materials and Methods: One hundred eighteen extracted endodontically failed maxillary second molars were examined to investigate the root canal morphology using clinical photographs. High-resolution cross-sectional images at the 3mm level from the root apices were taken to evaluate the anatomic variations and canal cleanliness. The incidence of anatomic variations and canals containing debris were evaluated statistically. Results: One (0.85%) maxillary second molar had four separate roots, while 52 (44.07%) had three separate roots. The remaining 65 (55.08%) showed 6 different types of fusion in their roots. As the number of fused roots increased from none to three, the incidence of isthmuses in the cross-sectional images increased significantly from 43.40% to 76.92% in 2-root fusion and 88.46% in 3-root fusion. In addition, the occurrence of less-cleansed canals increased from 22.64% to 38.46% and 53.85%, respectively (p<0.05). Sixty four teeth (54.24%) had 3 canals while 38(32.2%) had additional canals; most of them were located in the MB roots (81.58%). Seventy six (64.41%) had isthmuses in the apical region and 58 out of 76 were located in MB roots. Condlusions: Logistic analysis indicated that the less division of roots was associated significantly with the occurrence of insufficient cleaning during endodontic treatment (OR=1.765, p<0.05), while the presence of an additional canal showed no association.
Simultaneous implant placement with sinus augmentation using a modified lateral approach in the pneumatized posterior maxilla: A Case Report
Authors: Sun Yoo-Kyung , Cha Jae-Kook , Lee Jung-Seok , Jung Ui-Won
Published: August 2024

In the posterior maxillary area, due to resorption of the ridge after extraction and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, the height of the alveolar ridge may not be sufficient for placement of implants. To solve this problem, sinus augmentation using both crestal and lateral approaches have been widely used. Jung et al. (2010) introduced the modified lateral approach technique, which is a simplified technique that combines the advantages of crestal and lateral approaches. The purpose of this case report is to report two cases in the posterior maxilla in which simultaneous implant placement with maxillary sinus augmentation has been performed using the modified lateral approach technique. In two female patients, 67 and 74 years old, respectively, simultaneous implant placement was performed using the modified lateral approach technique on the left maxillary second premolar and the first molar. In both patients, the residual bone height on the distal side of the maxillary second premolar was measured to be approximately 5 mm, and the residual bone height of the first molar was measured to be 2-3 mm. After flap elevation, osteotomy of the lateral window was performed in the form of a mesiodistally extended slot above the sinus floor and the Schneiderian membrane was elevated. Sequenced drilling was performed while protecting the membrane with a periosteal elevator. Bone graft and implant placement was performed after preparation of the implant site. Sufficient primary stability was achieved for each implant and sinus membrane was not perforated. After four and five months respectively, implant second surgery was performed. Clinically, the implants were observed to be stable. Implants and surrounding peri-implant mucosa were well maintained after prosthodontic treatment. In conclusion, the modified lateral approach could be a predictable and efficient technique for implant placement in the atrophied posterior maxilla.
Direct pulp capping and class II composite resin restoration of right maxillary first molar fused to supernumerary tooth
Authors: Bae In-Hye , Choi An-Na , Son Sung-Ae , Park Jeong-Kil
Published: August 2024

Among developmental anomalies of tooth shape, fusion and gemination are comparatively common. Developed with different etiologies, both fusion and gemination show similar clinical features. Therefore, many clinicians have difficulty diagnosing those morpho-anatomic anomalies. The purpose of this study is to report malformed right maxillary first molar in a 20-year-old female. With the aid of computed tomography (CT), the tooth was diagnosed as fusion with supernumerary tooth and dental caries lesion was detected. After performing direct pulp capping, the tooth was permanently restored with microhybrid composite resin using direct method to alter union groove into smooth surface for improving oral hygiene management. Until 6 months of follow-up visits, patient's chief complaint was resolved and tooth is still vital. In conclusion, identifying exact anatomy, conservative treatment and improving oral hygiene are essential in managing unusual morphologic anomalies of tooth.
Understanding and Practice of Eating-Swallowing Disorder
Authors: Noh Kwantae
Published: August 2024

The mouth guard is a device with elasticity to be installed in the oral cavity. It has a function to reduce the trauma in the oral cavity and to protect the teeth and surrounding tissues from trauma. The purpose of mouth guard is to prevent trauma and concussion. It is mandatory to wear a mouthguard in sports where there is a lot of contact and the possibility of trauma or concussion in the mouth area is high. The mouse guard is divided into a stock type, a mouth formed type, and a custom made type according to the manufacturing method. The custom made type is made on the individual dentition model and has excellent retention because of its excellent fit. Also, the effect of trauma prevention is excellent. It is possible to design and adjust by the dentist and reduce the complaint the athlete has about the mouthguard. In this article, the process of making a dentist-customized mouthguard was described.