bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Dinitrogen‐Ligated Triaurum Cation, Aurodiazenylium, Auronitrenium, Auroammonia, and Auroammonium.
Authors: Liang Xinghua , Wu Xia , Dong Ting , Qin Zhengbo , Tan Kai , Lu Xin , Tang Zichao
Published: April 2011

A series of Au/N binary cluster cations, [AuN4]+, [AunN2n+1]+ (n = 2—4), and [Au3N6]+ are obtained by reactive collision of N2 with laser‐vaporized gold clusters and characterized by mass spectrometry and DFT calculations at the B3LYP/DZP and B3LYP/TZP levels of theory.
ChemInform Abstract: The Tunnel Manganese Oxide Na4.32Mn9O18: A New Na+ Site Discovered by Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction.
Authors: Chu Qingxin , Wang Xiaofeng , Li Qiliang , Liu Xiaoyang
Published: April 2011

The title compound is synthesized from a mixture of Mn2O3 and NaCl in a 1:20 molar ratio (alumina crucible, 1123 K, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of the PbSe1‐xTex Alloys.
Authors: Li J. Q. , Li S. P. , Wang Q. B. , Wang L. , Liu F. S. , Ao W. Q.
Published: April 2011

Title alloys with x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.85, and 1.0 are prepared by ball milling of PbSe and PbTe precursors which are obtained by high‐frequency induction melting of the elements.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiferromagnetism in a Technetium Oxide. Structure of CaTcO3.
Authors: Avdeev Maxim , Thorogood Gordon J. , Carter Melody L. , Kennedy Brendan J. , Ting Jimmy , Singh David J. , Wallwork Kia S.
Published: April 2011

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of NH4TcO4 and Ca(NO3)2 (flowing Ar, 700 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structures and Photocatalytic Activities of Microcrystalline ABi2Nb2O9 (A: Sr, Ba) Powders.
Authors: Wu Weiming , Liang Shijing , Wang Xiaowei , Bi Jinhong , Liu Ping , Wu Ling
Published: April 2011

Microcrystalline powders of the title compounds are prepared by a citrate complex method starting with an aqueous solution of NH4H2[NbO(C2O4)3], M(NO3)2 (M: Sr, Ba), and Bi(NO3)3, citric acid, H2O2, and HNO3 (pH 6.5 adjusted with NH3, 65 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth of the Intermetallic Compound Nd2PdSi3.
Authors: Xu Y. , Loeser W. , Tang F. , Blum C. G. F. , Liu L. , Buechner B.
Published: April 2011

Single crystals of Nd2PdSi3 are grown for the first time by a vertical floating zone method with radiation heating.
ChemInform Abstract: (Z)‐Selective Hydroamidation of Terminal Alkynes with Secondary Amides and Imides Catalyzed by a Ru/Yb‐System.
Authors: Buba Annette E. , Arndt Matthias , Goossen Lukas J.
Published: April 2011

A new method for the selective formation of (Z)‐configurated enamides and enimides is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(I)‐Catalyzed Alkyl—Allyl Coupling Between Ethers and an Allylborane.
Authors: Dao Hai Thanh , Schneider Uwe , Kobayashi Shu
Published: April 2011

The alkyl—allyl coupling reaction of methyl ethers (I) with 9‐BBN‐derived allylborane (II) proceeds readily in the presence of indium(I) triflate as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Trichloromethylation of N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl)aldimines: Facile Synthesis of Chiral α‐Trichloromethylamines.
Authors: Li Ya , Cao Yunlv , Gu Jiaying , Wang Wei , Wang Han , Zheng Tao , Sun Zhihua
Published: April 2011

Various (N‐tert‐butylsulfinyl)aldimines (I) are converted into the corresponding sulfinimides (III) with high diastereoselectivity using tetrabutylammonium triphenyldifluorosilicate as a mediator.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Double‐Conjugate Addition of Malononitrile to Dienones: Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active Cyclohexanones.
Authors: Li Xue‐ming , Wang Bo , Zhang Jun‐min , Yan Ming
Published: April 2011

A wide range of tetrasubstituted cyclohexanones is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Allenephosphoramide and Its Utility in the Preparation of 4,9‐Dihydro‐2H‐benzo[f]isoindoles.
Authors: Yin Guangwei , Zhu Yuanxun , Zhang Li , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: April 2011

A variety of allenephosphoramides is directly synthesized from phosphoramides and propargyl alcohols using Yb(OTf)3 as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Cross‐Coupling of Secondary Alkyl β‐Trifluoroboratoamides.
Authors: Sandrock Deidre L. , Jean‐Gerard Ludivine , Chen Cheng‐yi , Dreher Spencer D. , Molander Gary A.
Published: April 2011

Cross coupling of non‐benzylic secondary alkyl trifluoroboratoamides (I) and (IV) with aryl halides is described.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 3H‐isobenzofuran‐1‐ylidenamines by the Reaction of 2‐Cyanobenzaldehydes with Organolithiums and Their Conversion into Isobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Kota , Konishi Hisatoshi
Published: April 2011

Grignard reagents are inapplicable due to their ability to add to the nitrile group.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Multiple Magnesiations of the Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene Scaffold.
Authors: Kunz Thomas , Knochel Paul
Published: April 2011

Starting compound (I) can be functionalized at all four positions via successive magnesiation of the 3‐ and 6‐position followed by trapping with electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Multiple Magnesiations of the Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene Scaffold.
Authors: Kunz Thomas , Knochel Paul
Published: April 2011

The condensation reaction of diketones like (XXIV) gives access to fused pyridazine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of C(sp3)—H Bonds: A New Entry to 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Yoo Eun Jeong , Wasa Masayuki , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: April 2011

A novel protocol to effect carbonylation of C(sp3)—H bonds under 1 atm CO is found to be effective with substrates containing α‐hydrogen atoms and could be applied to effect methylene C(sp3)—H carbonylation of cyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Cyclization of 3‐Cyanomethyloxindoles to Hexahydro‐2‐oxopyrrolo[2,3‐b]indoles with Lithium Aluminum Hydride.
Authors: Shinada Masashi , Aihara Yoshiyuki , Takiguchi Satoshi , Ban Naoko , Higuchi Kazuhiro , Kawasaki Tomomi
Published: April 2011

The title reaction leads to the formation of 2‐oxopyrroloindole derivatives [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyltetrazoles: Part 1. Synthesis of NH‐Unsubstituted 5‐Vinyltetrazole.
Authors: Ostrovskii V. A. , Aleshunin P. A. , Zubarev V. Yu. , Popova E. A. , Pavlyukova Yu. N. , Shumilova E. A. , Trifonov R. E. , Artamonova T. V.
Published: April 2011

A new procedure for the synthesis of 5‐vinyltetrazole (III) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Heck Reactions in 2,6‐Diaryl‐3,5‐dibromo‐4‐pyrones in the Presence of N,N′‐Dibutylbenzimidazolium Bromide.
Authors: Ghasemi Zarrin , Nazari‐Belvirdi Vahideh , Allahvirdinasab Maryam , Shahrisa Aziz
Published: April 2011

DBBIB is the ligand of choice in the PdCl2‐Catalyzed Heck reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Nanoparticles Supported on TiO2 Catalyze the Cycloisomerization/Oxidative Dimerization of Aryl Propargyl Ethers.
Authors: Efe Christina , Lykakis Ioannis N. , Stratakis Manolis
Published: April 2011

The gold‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of propargyl ethers (I) is accompanied by an oxidative dimerization reaction to afford mixtures of chromenes (II) and dimeric by‐products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Intramolecular Arylation of Pyridinium Salts: A Straightforward Entry to 7‐Hydroxypyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinolinylium Salts.
Authors: Castillo Rafael R. , Burgos Carolina , Vaquero Juan J. , Alvarez‐Builla Julio
Published: April 2011

The preparation of a series of compounds containing a hydroxyquinolizinium fragment fused to a benzene ring starts from the appropriate pyridinium salt, and proceeds through an aryl radical cyclization onto the pyridinium part.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Annulated Quinoline and Pyridine Derivatives by Silver‐Catalyzed 6‐endo‐dig Cycloisomerization.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Nandi Raj Kumar , Ganai Sintu , Taher Abu
Published: April 2011

Substituted propargylic amines (I), (III) and (V) react under conditions A) to afford pyridoannulated heterocycles in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidative Conversion of Aldehydes into 2‐Substituted 1,4,5,6‐Tetrahydropyrimidines Using Molecular Iodine or 1,3‐Diiodo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin.
Authors: Takahashi Shogo , Togo Hideo
Published: April 2011

Various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes (I) react efficiently with 1,3‐propanediamines in the presence of I2 or DIH furnishing tetrahydropyrimidines in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Arene ortho‐Silylation by Formal Hydroxyl‐Directed C—H Activation.
Authors: Simmons Eric M. , Hartwig John F.
Published: April 2011

A variety of aryl ketones, benzaldehyde and benzylic alcohol derivatives smoothly undergo Ir‐catalyzed ortho‐silylation with H2SiEt2 followed by Ir‐catalyzed dehydrogenative cyclization to give benzoxasilole derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Hydrophosphanation of 1‐Vinylimidazoles with Secondary Phosphanes: A Straightforward Atom‐Economic Route to Tertiary Phosphanes with Imidazolyl Substituents.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Parshina Lidiya N. , Gusarova Nina K. , Belogorlova Nataliya A.
Published: April 2011

Free radical addition of secondary phosphanes to 1‐vinylimidazoles proceeds under UV irradiation or in the presence of AIBN to give the anti‐Markovnikov adducts regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Hydroselenation and Double‐Bond Isomerization of Terminal Alkynes with Benzeneselenol Catalyzed by Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) Dichloride.
Authors: Ozaki Toshiya , Kotani Mao , Kusano Hiroki , Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya
Published: April 2011

Treatment of terminal alkynes with PhSeH in the presence of PdCl2(PPh3)2 allows new access to internal alkenyl selenides via sequential addition and double bond isomerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Tellurium‐Containing Heterocycles. Part. 29. Tin—Tellurium Exchange Reaction in Tin‐Containing Heterocycles: A New Entry for the Preparation of Tellurium Heterocycles.
Authors: Sashida Haruki , Kaname Mamoru , Ohyanagi Kazuo
Published: April 2011

Benzo[b]tellurophene, 1H‐isotellurochromene and benzotellurepines are synthesized by a simple tin—tellurium replacement reaction from the corresponding five‐, six‐ and seven‐membered tin‐containing heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Phosphine‐Catalyzed Iodocyclization of Isoprenoids Bearing an Oxygen Terminal Group.
Authors: Sakakura Akira , Shomi Gakujun , Ukai Atsushi , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: April 2011

Tbs‐ether of homogeraniol and Tbs‐ester of homogeranic acid are successfully converted to the corresponding iodopolycyclic products in the presence of a catalytic amount of triphenylphosphine with complete diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rumphellclovane B, a Novel Clovane Analogue from the Gorgonian Coral Rumphella antipathies.
Authors: Chung Hsu‐Ming , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Chen Yung‐Husan , Su Jui‐Hsin , Lu Mei‐Chin , Chen Jih‐Jung , Li Jan‐Jung , Fang Lee‐Shing , Wang Wei‐Hsien , Sung Ping‐Jyun , et al. et al.
Published: April 2011

Isolation and structure elucidation of title sesquiterpenoid (I) and the natural clovane (II) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Synthesis of the Resorcylic Acid Lactone L‐783,277 via Addition of an Acetylide Anion to a Tethered Weinreb Amide.
Authors: Lin Andrew , Willis Anthony C. , Banwell Martin G.
Published: April 2011

The resorcylic acid lactone L‐783,277 (V), a potent and irreversible inhibitor of nitrogen‐activated protein kinase, is prepared via macrocyclization of alkyne (II) followed by a Lindlar‐type hydrogenation and a subsequent deprotection of compound (IV) with BCl3 as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Graphislactone H.
Authors: Abe Hitoshi , Fukumoto Tomoko , Horino Yoshikazu , Harayama Takashi , Takeuchi Yasuo
Published: April 2011

A short step synthesis of the title compound (V) via a Pd‐mediated intramolecular biaryl coupling reaction is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐quinolones. Part 180. Synthesis, Chemical Reactions, and Analgesic Activity of 1‐Allyl‐4‐hydroxy‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid Alkylamides.
Authors: Ukrainets I. V. , Mospanova E. V. , Davidenko A. A. , Shishkina S. V.
Published: April 2011

Amidation of the corresponding dihydroquinolinecarboxylic acid methyl ester affords alkylamides like (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of MK‐7246, a Selective CRTH2 Antagonist for the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases.
Authors: Gallant Michel , et al. et al.
Published: April 2011

SAR studies leading to title compound (I) along with two synthetic sequences enabling the preparation of this novel class of CRTH2 antagonist are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Formation of Passivating Layers and Surface Condition During Anodic Oxidation and Corrosion of Metals
Authors: Grishina Elena P. , Noskov Andrew V.
Published: April 2011

Review: 151 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Radical Additions to Alkynes: Cascade‐type Radical Cyclizations
Authors: Wille Uta
Published: April 2011

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chirality Transfer Across Length‐Scales in Nematic Liquid Crystals: Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Pieraccini Silvia , Masiero Stefano , Ferrarini Alberta , Spada Gian Piero
Published: April 2011

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Approaches for the Detection and Synthesis of Acetylated Proteins
Authors: Yang Yu‐Ying , Hang Howard C.
Published: April 2011

Review: 97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Lattice‐Engineering Route to Heterostructured Functional Nanohybrids
Authors: Paek Seung‐Min , Oh Jae‐Min , Choy Jin‐Ho
Published: April 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticles in Biological Systems
Authors: Stark Wendelin J.
Published: April 2011

Review: ca. 250 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantum Computing with NMR
Authors: Jones Jonathan A.
Published: April 2011

Review: 534 refs.
End‐of‐life care in Medicare beneficiaries dying with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Sheffield Kristin M. , Boyd Casey A. , Benarroch‐Gampel Jamie , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Cooksley Catherine D. , Riall Taylor S.
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:

The authors' goal was to characterize hospice enrollment and aggressiveness of care for pancreatic cancer patients at the end of life.

METHODS:

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and linked Medicare claims data (1992‐2006) were used to identify patients with pancreatic cancer who had died (n = 22,818). The authors evaluated hospice use, hospice enrollment ≥4 weeks before death, and aggressiveness of care as measured by receipt of chemotherapy, acute care hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the last month of life.

RESULTS:

Overall, 56.9% of patients enrolled in hospice, and 35.9% of hospice users enrolled for 4 weeks or more. Hospice use increased from 36.2% in 1992‐1994 to 67.2% in 2004‐2006 (P < .0001). Admission to the ICU and receipt of chemotherapy in the last month of life increased from 15.5% to 19.6% (P < .0001) and from 8.1% to 16.4% (P < .0001), respectively. Among patients with locoregional disease, those who underwent resection were less likely to enroll in hospice before death and much less likely to enroll early. They were also more likely to receive chemotherapy (14% vs 9%, P < .0001), be admitted to an acute care hospital (61% vs 53%, P < .0001), and be admitted to an ICU (27% vs 15%, P < .0001) in the last month of life.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although hospice use increased over time, there was a simultaneous decrease in early enrollment and increase in aggressive care at the end of life for patients with pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Correlated Absorption and Photoluminescence of Single Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Gaiduk Alexander , Yorulmaz Mustafa , Orrit Michel
Published: April 2011

We perform simultaneous absorption (photothermal) and fluorescence detection of gold nanospheres with diameters of 80, 60, 40, 20, 10, and 5 nm. We unambiguously identify the same individual nanoparticles (NPs) over large areas (>400 μm2) by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical absorption (photothermal) microscopy. We correlate the height of NPs measured with AFM with absorption and fluorescence signals from the same individual NPs. That allows us to compare their brightness and estimate their fluorescence quantum yield at the single NP level.
Exploring an Urban System’s Dependence on the Environment as a Source and a Sink: The City of Rome (Italy) Across Space and Time Scales
Authors: Ascione Marco , Bargigli Silvia , Campanella Luigi , Ulgiati Sergio
Published: April 2011

The material, energy and environmental flows supporting the growth and welfare of the city of Rome, during a recent forty‐year period (from 1962 to 2002) were investigated in order to understand the resource basis of its present welfare and lifestyle. The study focused on the local scale of the urban system (resources actually used within the system’s boundary) as well as on the larger regional and national scales where resources come from. Assessing the resource use change over time allowed to understand what are the main drivers of lifestyle changes of the local population. In particular, while the direct, local‐scale use of the main material and energy resources exhibits a quadratic growth over time, the total (direct+indirect) consumption on the scale of the global economy is always 3–4 times higher, is so highlighting how much of a city’s growth depends on economic and production activities that develop outside of its boundaries. Water use shows an even more alarming trend, in that the indirect consumption grows much faster, suggesting a shift from the use of a less water‐intensive mix of products to a different mix that requires much more water in its industrial production. Such trend calls for increased awareness of the water footprint of goods used as well as increased efficiency in water management by both industries and households. The evolution of resource use and standard of living also affects the release of airborne emissions, an issue that is becoming crucial due to concerns for climate change and urban air pollution. The extent of such additional environmental burden is also explored in the present paper.
Eating behavior in anorexia nervosa: Before and after treatment
Authors: Mayer Laurel E.S. , Schebendach Janet , Bodell Lindsay P. , Shingleton Rebecca M. , Walsh B. Timothy
Published: April 2011

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to assess eating behavior in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after weight normalization and healthy controls using a standardized, multiple‐item lunch meal paradigm.

Method:

Eighteen patients were studied shortly after inpatient admission and again after gaining to a BMI ≥ 19.5 kg m−2. Fifteen healthy controls were studied twice, ∼2–3 months apart.

Results:

When underweight, patients with AN consumed fewer total calories (364 ± 208 kcal) and a lower percentage of calories from fat (18% ± 10%) compared to controls (775 ± 228 kcal, p = 0.001; 38% ± 7%, p = 0.001). After weight normalization, despite a modest increase in total calories (364 ± 208 kcal vs. 516 ± 273 kcal, p = 0.04) and in percent of calories from fat (18% ± 10% vs. 23% ± 9%, p = 0.04), patients continued to consume fewer total calories and a reduced percent of calories from fat compared to controls (758 ± 346 kcal, p = 0.03; 38% ± 18%, p = 0.004).

Discussion:

Patients with AN, even after acute treatment, consume fewer total calories and fewer calories from fat, compared to healthy controls. The reduced overall intake and persistent avoidance of fat may contribute to relapse, and therefore are potential therapeutic targets. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
The occurrence of obtuse junction angles and changes in channel width below tributaries along the Mekong River, south‐east Asia
Authors: Hackney Christopher , Carling Paul
Published: April 2011

Classic descriptions of drainage patterns suggest that confluence angle is determined by the shape of the drainage basin unless constraining factors, such as the geological structure, affect stream flow. Downstream changes in channel width below tributary junctions have long been associated with tributary inputs of flow and sediment. Analysis of tributary junction geometry and channel width changes in large rivers and over large reaches is sparse. The Lower Mekong Basin exhibits a generally dendritic drainage network despite flowing through a diverse array of geological settings. Publicly available SPOT‐5 imagery from Google Earth was used to identify and catalogue junction geometries and downstream changes in channel width below tributary junctions along a ~2200 km reach of the Mekong River. Of the 284 junctions identified, the majority (66.2%) were acute. However 12 (4.8%) were found to be normal (90°) and 75 (30%) were found to be obtuse. This latter number is in contrast to previous studies over similar spatial scales which found little evidence of obtuse junctions. Meander extension of the incoming tributary and deflection of the tributary across bedrock shoulders were found to be the dominant geomorphological causes of obtuse tributary junctions. The relationship between the width of the tributary channels and the width of the mainstem upstream and downstream of the confluences was analysed. It was observed that, over the whole reach, a slight narrowing occurred immediately below tributary junctions. Although the changes themselves were small, the slight net narrowing is shown to be statistically significant. The observed relationship is shown to vary considerably with geology. The geological control suggests that complex factors play important roles in determining changes to channel width across large systems and that simple cause–effect relationships do not hold in such complicated geological settings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions between river flows and colonizing vegetation on a braided river: exploring spatial and temporal dynamics in riparian vegetation cover using satellite data
Authors: Bertoldi W. , Drake N. A. , Gurnell A. M.
Published: April 2011

Field, laboratory, and numerical modelling research are increasingly demonstrating the potential of riparian tree colonization and growth to influence fluvial dynamics and the evolution of fluvial landforms. This paper jointly analyses multi‐temporal, multispectral ASTER data, continuous river stage and discharge data, and field observations of the growth rates of the dominant riparian tree species (Populus nigra) along a 21 km reach of the Tagliamento River, Italy. Research focuses on the period 2004–2009, during which there was a bankfull flood on 24 October 2004, followed by 2 years with low water levels, nearly 2 years with only modest flow pulses, and then a final period from 15 August 2008 that included several intermediate to bankfull flow events. This study period of increasing flow disturbance allows the exploration of vegetation dynamics within the river's active corridor under changing flow conditions. The analysis demonstrates the utility of ASTER data for investigating vegetation dynamics along large fluvial corridors and reveals both spatial and temporal variations in the expansion, coalescence, and erosion of vegetated patches within the study reach. Changes in the extent of the vegetated area and its dynamics vary along the study reach. In sub‐reaches where riparian tree growth is vigorous, the vegetated area expands rapidly during time periods without channel‐shaping flows, and is subsequently able to resist erosion by bankfull floods. In contrast, in sub‐reaches where tree growth is less vigorous, the vegetated area expands at a slower rate and is more readily re‐set by bankfull flood events. This illustrates that the rate of growth of riparian trees is crucial to their ability to contribute actively to river corridor dynamics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vector representation of graph domination
Authors: Zewi Noga
Published: April 2011

We study a function on graphs, denoted by “Gamma”, representing vectorially the domination number of a graph, in a way similar to that in which the Lovsz Theta function represents the independence number of a graph. This function is a lower bound on the homological connectivity of the independence complex of the graph, and hence is of value in studying matching problems by topological methods. Not much is known at present about the Gamma function, in particular, there is no known procedure for its computation for general graphs. In this article we compute the precise value of Gamma for trees and cycles, and to achieve this we prove new lower and upper bounds on Gamma, formulated in terms of known domination and algebraic parameters of the graph. We also use the Gamma function to prove a fractional version of a strengthening of Ryser's conjecture. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Cyclopenta[c]pyrans
Authors: Ţînţaş Mihaela , Bogdan Elena , Grosu Ion
Published: April 2011

Natural occurrence, synthesis, chemical behavior, and physical properties of aromatic cyclopenta[c]pyrans are reviewed. Various strategies for the synthesis of cyclopenta[c]pyrans starting from cyclopentadienes, fulvenes, oxadiazinones, or α‐pyrones were developed according to the substitution patterns of the target compounds. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Antibacterial efficacy of a new gentamicin‐coating for cementless prostheses compared to gentamicin‐loaded bone cement
Authors: Neut Daniëlle , Dijkstra René J.B. , Thompson Jonathan I. , van der Mei Henny C. , Busscher Henk J.
Published: April 2011

Cementless prostheses are increasingly popular but require alternative prophylactic measures than the use of antibiotic‐loaded bone cements. Here, we determine the 24‐h growth inhibition of gentamicin‐releasing coatings from grit‐blasted and porous‐coated titanium alloys, and compare their antibacterial efficacies and gentamicin release‐profiles to those of a commercially available gentamicin‐loaded bone cement. Antibacterial efficacy increased with increasing doses of gentamicin in the coating and loading with 1.0 and 0.1 mg gentamicin/cm2 on both grit‐blasted and porous‐coated samples yielded comparable efficacy to gentamicin‐loaded bone cement. The coating had a higher burst release than bone cement, and also inhibited growth of gentamicin‐resistant strains. Antibacterial efficacy of the gentamicin coatings disappeared after 4 days, while gentamicin‐loaded bone cement exhibited efficacy over at least 7 days. Shut‐down after 4 days of gentamicin‐release from coatings is advantageous over the low‐dosage tail‐release from bone cements, as it minimizing risk of inducing antibiotic‐resistant strains. Both gentamicin‐loaded cement discs and gentamicin‐coated titanium coupons were able to kill gentamicin‐sensitive and ‐resistant bacteria in a simulated prothesis‐related interfacial gap. In conclusion, the gentamicin coating provided similar antibacterial properties to those seen by gentamicin‐loaded bone cement, implying protection of a prosthesis from being colonized by peri‐operatively introduced bacteria in cementless total joint arthroplasty. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1654–1661, 2011
Analysis of microRNA expression profiling identifies microRNA‐503 regulates metastatic function in hepatocellular cancer cell
Authors: Zhou Jing , Wang Wei
Published: April 2011

Background and Objectives

Metastasis of cancer is a complex process that involves multiple alterations. Recent evidence indicates that small non‐protein coding RNA molecules (miRNAs) might be involved in cancer‐related processes in humans. This study was to systematically investigate the differentially expressed miRNAs during metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using microarray technology.

Methods

The differentially expressed miRNAs between HCCLM3 and MHCC97‐L, two HCC cell lines with differently metastatic potentials were displayed using microarray technology. The expression of miR‐503 was verified by the real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the lentivirus‐delivered system for expressing miR‐503 in HCCLM3 cells was employed to investigate whether miR‐503 was involved in invasive phenotype of HCC cell.

Results

Our study built a metastasis‐related miRNAs expression profiling, which includes 327 miRNAs expressed differentially between HCCLM3 and MHCC97‐L cell lines. Furthermore, expression of miR‐503 by lentivirus‐delivered system in HCCLM3 cell was established successfully. Our results showed that miR‐503 induces a G1 arrest and decreased proliferation for HCCLM3 cell (P < 0.05). In addition, miR‐503 inhibits migration and invasion of HCCLM3 cell in vitro (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study described a metastasis‐related miRNAs expression profiling and revealed miR‐503 regulating metastatic function in HCC cell. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:278–283. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic impact of nm23‐H1 and PCNA expression in pathologic stage I non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Chengying , Liu Jun , Wang Xin , Mao Weidong , Jiang Lian , Ni Hua , Mo Mingcong , Wang Wei
Published: April 2011

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of nm23‐H1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression as well as other confirmed prognostic factors in predicting the clinical outcome after definitive surgery of pathologic stage I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

Four hundred fifty‐two consecutive and non‐selected patients who underwent definitive surgery for stage I NSCLC were included in this study. Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded specimens were stained for nm23‐H1 and PCNA, the correlation between the staining and its clinicopathological parameters, and its prognostic power were analyzed statistically.

Results

Of the 452 patients studied, 320 cases (70.8%) were high expression for nm23‐H1. A total of 182 carcinomas (40.3%) were PCNA high expression tumors. PCNA expression correlated with serum CEA level (P < 0.001), and differentiation (P < 0.001). In univariate analysis by log‐rank test, serum CEA level, pT stage, differentiation, nm23‐H1 expression, and PCNA expression were significant prognostic factors (P = 0.037, 0.021, <0.001, 0.042, and 0.014, respectively). In multivariate analysis, pT stage and nm23‐H1 expression maintained its independent prognostic influence on overall survival (P = 0.041 and 0.003, respectively).

Conclusions

nm23‐H1 may be a good biomarker to be applied in clinic to predict the prognosis of patients with completely resected pathologic stage I NSCLC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:181–186. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐varying migration process of moving neutralization boundary on the immobilized pH gradient strip in the weak‐base rehydration buffer
Authors: Liang Heng , OuYang Liang‐Fei , Liu Qian , Zhang Lin , Tian Li‐Jing , Chen Yang
Published: April 2011

This paper quantificationally probes into time‐varying migration processes of moving neutralization boundary (MNB) on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strip in ammonia‐rehydration buffers. The time‐varying migration processes are determined by both time‐varying dissociation equilibria of ammonia and position‐varying pH environments formed by immobilized carrier ampholytes (CAs) on the IPG strip. Thus, the local dissociation equilibria of ammonia and the position‐varying pH are introduced into the recursion equation of position of MNB migrations. The theoretical position–time curves and the velocity–time curves of MNB migrations obtained by the recursion approach were satisfactorily validated by a series of images of boundary migrations from the IPG‐MNB experiments by using rehydration buffers with different ammonia concentrations on pH 3–6 IPG strips. The results achieved herein have significant evidence to a quantificational understanding of the mechanism of MNB and IEF.
Calorimetric investigation of reaction Ca(NO3)2 + Na3PO4 in water and microemulsions saturated with CO2
Authors: Du Zhongyu , An Xueqin , Fan Dashuang , Shen Weiguo
Published: April 2011

The reactions of Ca(NO3)2 + Na3PO4 in water and water/sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/hydrocarbon microemulsions saturated CO2 with various molar ratios of water to surfactant R, oil phases, and surfactant concentrations were investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry. The product of the reaction was confirmed to be sodium‐and‐carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite (NaCO3HAP) by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). From calorimetric measurements, the molar enthalpies of solution of water in the AOT/n‐dodecane system, and the molar enthalpies, the rate constants, and the activation energies of the reactions were determined. It was found that the enthalpy of solution of water in AOT/n‐dodecane micells and the molar enthalpy of the reaction in the microemulsions increased with the decreases of R until R = 7; below that they kept almost constant. It may be attributed to the increase of the ratio of the bound water to the free water with the decrease of R until there was no free water when R < 7. However, the reaction rate constant k1 was affected by the ionic strength of the medium and log k1 showed a linear dependence on 1/R in the whole range of R we investigated. It was also observed that the rate constant and the enthalpy of the reaction remained almost unchanged when the surfactant concentration and the nature of oil phase varied. © 2011 Wiley Peiodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 322–330, 2011
Distortion product otoacoustic emission for the screening of cochlear damage in children treated with cisplatin
Authors: Al‐Noury Khaled
Published: April 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To detect subtle hearing changes by measuring otoacoustic emissions in patients treated with a first dose of cisplatin.

Study Design:

Prospective study.

Methods:

We recruited 26 patients (mean age at treatment, 11.3 years) into this prospective study conducted at a tertiary academic referral center. Audiograms and transient‐evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion‐product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were measured before and after the first dose of cisplatin.

Results:

Baseline readings were compared with those recorded after the administration of the first dose of cisplatin. Two patients showed a loss of TEOAEs at high frequencies above 4 kHz, and this was consistent with the 25‐dB hearing loss of the high frequencies detected in their audiograms; there was a significant threshold shift for DPOAEs at a frequency >3 to 4 kHz (P <.05).

Conclusions:

DPOAE testing appears to be a more sensitive method to detect cochlear damage than conventional pure‐tone audiometry. Our results suggest that the measurement of DPOAE thresholds is a useful approach to detect the early auditory changes induced by cisplatin therapy.
Conjugated Microporous Networks on the Basis of 2,3,5,6‐Tetraarylated Diketopyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole
Authors: Zhang Kai , Tieke Bernd , Vilela Filipe , Skabara Peter J.
Published: April 2011

π‐Conjugated microporous networks have been prepared from the tetraarylated diketopyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole unit as a tetrafunctional building block. The reactions are carried out using microwave‐assisted Yamamoto or Sonogashira cross‐coupling. Red insoluble powders are obtained, showing intense fluorescence. The polymer networks exhibit a high gas storage capability, with BET surface areas up to about 500 m2 · g−1.

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Fatigue strength of shear loaded welded joints according to the notch stress concept
Authors: Amstutz H. , Olivier R.
Published: April 2011

The NOTCH‐STRESS CONCEPT for the fatigue assessment of welded components in the version proposed by SEEGER [1] is presented in all aspects of material fatigue resistence formulation and application for local pure shear stress. Using the data from numerous tests with welded joints the concept is demonstrated up to the determination of local S– N‐curves and the characteristic fatigue reference values τa, A at N = 2·106 load cycles from a statistical analysis of the test results.
Using of mathematical optimization methods for test specification development of simplified chassis components tests
Authors: Kiesel A. , Schliebner R. , Seise M.
Published: April 2011

Im Entwicklungsprozess von Fahrwerksbauteilen und zur Qualitätsüberwachung während der Serienfertigung ist es erforderlich die Bauteile auf ihre zu erwartende Lebensdauer zu prüfen. Um den Prüfaufwand zu reduzieren wird häufig eine vereinfachte Prüfung des Einzelbauteils durchgeführt. Die Aufgabe des Entwicklungsingenieurs ist es, diese vereinfachte Prüfung zu entwickeln. Dies kann durch die Suche nach einer geeigneten Prüfkraft bzw. Kraftrichtung bei festgelegter Lagerung oder durch die Suche nach einer vereinfachten Lagerung bzw. durch die Kombination beider Möglichkeiten erfolgen. In diesem Beitrag werden numerische Methoden zur Ableitung eines vereinfachten Prüfaufbaus vorgestellt. Vertiefend werden eine Optimierungsroutine zur Ermittlung eines signifikanten Lastfalls und die iterative Lagerungssuche in Verbindung mit der schädigungsbasierten Kanalselektion vorgestellt. Die Anwendung der Routinen wird beispielhaft am Radträger bzw. der Federbeinaufnahme des Porsche PANAMERA gezeigt. Neben dem derzeitigen Entwicklungsstand der numerischen Routinen werden ausblickend geplante Erweiterungen der Programmroutine vorgestellt.
The effects of rasagiline on cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease patients without dementia: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study
Authors: Hanagasi Hasmet A. , Gurvit Hakan , Unsalan Pınar , Horozoglu Hilal , Tuncer Nese , Feyzioglu Aynur , Gunal Dilek Ince , Yener Gorsev G. , Cakmur Raif , Sahin Huseyin A. , Emre Murat
Published: April 2011

Cognitive impairment can occur at all stages of Parkinson's disease. Rasagiline is a selective monoamine oxidase type‐B inhibitor that enhances central dopaminergic transmission. Dopamine is thought to be involved in certain cognitive processes such as working memory. We assessed the effects of rasagiline on cognitive deficits in cognitively impaired, nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease. This was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled prospective study. Patients with Parkinson's disease receiving stable dopaminergic treatment were assigned to receive rasagiline 1 mg/day or placebo for 3 months. Patients were eligible if they had impairment in 2 of 4 cognitive domains (attention, executive functions, memory, visuospatial functions) in the screening neuropsychological tests, yet did not fulfill criteria for Parkinson's disease dementia. Fifty‐five patients were randomized; 48 patients completed the study. Patients in the rasagiline group showed significant improvement in digit span–backward compared with the placebo group (P = .04), with trends favoring rasagiline in digit span total and digit‐ordering tests. Verbal fluency total score showed a significant difference in favor of rasagiline (P = .038), with trends favoring rasagiline in semantic fluency test and Stroop spontaneous corrections. The composite cognitive domain Z scores revealed a significant difference in favor of rasagiline compared with placebo in the attentional Z score (P < .005). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the other cognitive tests or cognitive domain Z scores. The monoamine oxidase type‐B inhibitor rasagiline may exert beneficial effects on certain aspects of attention and executive functions in nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
A meta‐analysis of MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children
Authors: Yan Jingrong , Yin Ming , Dreyer ZoAnn E. , Scheurer Michael E. , Kamdar Kala , Wei Qingyi , Okcu M. Fatih
Published: April 2011

Background

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms have been implicated in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) risk, but previously published studies were inconsistent and recent meta‐analyses were not adequate.

Procedures

In a meta‐analysis of 21 publications with 4,706 cases and 7,414 controls, we used more stringent inclusion method and summarized data on associations between MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and childhood ALL risk.

Results

We found an overall association between 677T variant genotypes and reduced childhood ALL risk. Specifically, in the dominant genetic model, an association was found in a fixed‐effect (TT + CT vs. CC: OR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.85–0.99) but not random‐effect model, whereas such an association was observed in both homozygote genetic model (TT vs. CC: OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.70–0.93 by fixed effects and OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.65–0.93 by random effects) and recessive genetic model (TT vs. CC + CT: OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.72–0.95 by fixed effects and OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.73–0.97 by random effects). These associations were also observed in subgroups by ethnicity: for Asians in all models except for the dominant genetic model by random effect and for Caucasians in all models except for the recessive genetic model. However, the A1298C polymorphism did not appear to have an effect on childhood ALL risk.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the MTHFR C677T, but not A1298C, polymorphism is a potential biomarker for childhood ALL risk. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 513–518. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low‐temperature flexible Ti/TiO2 photoanode for dye‐sensitized solar cells with binder‐free TiO2 paste
Authors: Lin Lu‐Yin , Lee Chuan‐Pei , Tsai Keng‐Wei , Yeh Min‐Hsin , Chen Chia‐Yuan , Vittal R. , Wu Chun‐Guey , Ho Kuo‐Chuan
Published: April 2011

An energy‐economical dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with highly flexible Ti/TiO2 photoanode was developed through a low‐temperature process, using a binder‐free TiO2 paste. Ti foils, coated with the binder‐free TiO2 films were annealed at various temperature. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of the films show uniform, mesoporous and crack‐free surface morphologies as well as interpenetrated TiO2 network. DSSCs with binder‐free TiO2 films annealed at 450, 350, 250 and 120°C show solar‐to‐electricity conversion efficiencies (η) of 4.33, 4.34, 3.72 and 3.40%, respectively, which are comparable to the efficiency of 4.56% obtained by using a paste with binder and annealing it at 450°C; this observation demonstrates the benefits of a binder‐free TiO2 paste for the fabrication of energy‐fugal DSSCs. On the other hand, when organic binder was used in the TiO2 paste for film preparation, a drastic deterioration in the cell performance with decreasing annealing temperature is noticed. Laser‐induced photo‐voltage transient technique is used to estimate the electron lifetime in various Ti/TiO2 films. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) analysis shows that the lower the annealing temperature of the TiO2 coated Ti foil, the larger the charge transfer resistance at the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface (Rct2). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AMPHIBIAN OCCUPANCY IN FLOOD‐CREATED AND EXISTING WETLANDS OF THE LOWER MISSOURI RIVER ALLUVIAL VALLEY
Authors: Hansen C. P. , Renken R. B. , Millspaugh J. J.
Published: April 2011

During the previous century, the wetland area in the lower Missouri River alluvial valley was reduced by 39% because of river channelization and bank stabilization projects. The Great Flood of 1993 reversed the trend of wetland loss by creating 466 new wetlands in the alluvial valley between Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri. We estimated amphibian occupancy, detection probability and number of species exhibiting evidence of reproduction in eight flood‐created and 16 pre‐flood existing wetlands from 1996 through 1998. We also evaluated whether hydroperiod (the number of days any water was present in a wetland from 20 February through 31 August) and distance to river predicted those values. Detection probabilities for adult amphibian species were relatively constant across years and ranged from 0.013 [Great Plains toad (Anaxyrus cognatus)] to 0.280 [Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii woodhousii)]. Occupancy of adult amphibians differed across years and was not correlated with habitat features. Estimated occupancy probabilities for amphibian species ranged from 0.126 [Plains spadefoot (Spea bombifrons)] to 0.896 [boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata)]. Almost double the number of amphibian species showed evidence of reproduction in existing wetlands (wetlands created before the Great Flood of 1993) when compared with that in flood‐created wetlands. Similarly, temporary wetlands had nearly double the number of amphibian species showing evidence of reproduction when compared with permanent wetlands. Finally, the highest number of species showed evidence of reproduction in wetlands with spring–summer hydroperiods between 135 and 140 days. All these relationships suggest that the invasion and persistence of predators in wetlands negatively influence amphibian reproduction. If the Missouri River is allowed to reconnect with the alluvial valley, more predators may be introduced into wetlands, leading to reduced amphibian occupancy and reproduction. However, this connection will not likely occur over the entire alluvial valley and, therefore, should not adversely impact amphibians that find refuge in higher‐elevation, non‐connected regions of the alluvial valley. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon Nanotubes: Biocompatibility of Immobilized Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (Small 8/2011)
Authors: Nayagam David A. X. , Williams Richard A. , Chen Jun , Magee Kylie A. , Irwin Jennifer , Tan Justin , Innis Peter , Leung Ronald T. , Finch Sue , Williams Chris E. , Clark Graeme M. , Wallace Gordon G.
Published: April 2011

In vivo host responses to an electrode‐like array of aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) embedded within a biopolymer sheet are reported. This biocompatibility study assesses the suitability of immobilized carbon nanotubes for bionic devices. Inflammatory responses and foreign‐body histiocytic reactions are not substantially elevated when compared to negative controls following 12 weeks implantation. A fibrous capsule isolates the implanted ACNTs from the surrounding muscle tissue. Filamentous nanotube fragments are engulfed by macrophages, and globular debris is incorporated into the fibrous capsule with no further reaction. Scattered leukocytes are observed, adherent to the ACNT surface. These data indicate that there is a minimal local foreign‐body response to immobilized ACNTs, that detached fragments are phagocytosed into an inert material, and that ACNTs do not attract high levels of surface fouling. Collectively, these results suggest that immobilized nanotube structures should be considered for further investigation as bionic components.
Patterning: Strategies for Patterning Biomolecules with Dip‐Pen Nanolithography (Small 8/2011)
Authors: Wu Chien‐Ching , Reinhoudt David N. , Otto Cees , Subramaniam Vinod , Velders Aldrik H.
Published: April 2011

Dip‐pen nanolithography (DPN) is an atomic force microscopy (AFM)‐based lithography technique, which has the ability to fabricate patterns with a feature size down to approximately 15 nm using both top‐down and bottom‐up approaches. DPN utilizes the water meniscus formed between an AFM tip and a substrate to transfer ink molecules onto surfaces. A major application of this technique is the fabrication of micro‐ and nano‐arrays of patterned biomolecules. To achieve this goal, a variety of chemical approaches has been used. This review concisely describes the development of DPN in the past decade and presents the related chemical strategies that have been reported to fabricate biomolecular paterns with DPN at micrometer and nanometer scale, classified into direct‐ and indirect DPN methodologies, discussing tip‐functionalization strategies as well.