bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policy of sanctions against Russia: Newest stage
Authors:   MGIMO University at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Timofeev I. N.
Published: September 2022

Russia is facing significant rise of economic sanctions since the beginning of the military operation in Ukraine in February 2022. The list of restrictions includes financial, trade, visa, transport and other types of sanctions. There are few precedents of similar scope of sanctions since at least the end of the Cold War. In recent 30 years there has been a transition from “economic carpet bombing” to “smart sanctions”. Sanctions against Russia after February 2022 seem to deviate from this trend. Such a deviation raises research questions about the ways of the “smart” sanctions combination with more comprehensive restrictions and about the evidence of a new paradigm of sanctions policy. Key assumption implies that these are the intensity and the scope of sanctions, rather than the change of the restrictions’ instruments which mark a new paradigm, provided by the Russian case. “Smart sanctions” remain a key instrument, however, their quality and quantity make them similar to the “economic carpet bombing”. The only meaningful obstacle for the initiators to abstain from a wider use of sanctions is a threat of a damage to their own economies. They have to use “smart sanctions” to avoid greater losses for themselves. The article relies on the analysis of key decisions on sanctions as well as their legal substance to test this assumption.
Financial sanctions and future of globalization
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Buklemishev O. V.
Published: September 2022

The dynamics of financial sanctions over the past decades is considered. The outstripping growth of the role of financial and other "smart" sanctions is explained by their painfulness for target states, organizations and citizens, the asymmetry of the impact and the possibility of minimizing damage to third parties. It is shown that although the heyday of financial sanctions coincides with the period of the rollback of globalization, in many respects they are generated precisely by the process of globalization and the growth of network interactions. The assumption of the mutually reinforcing influence of deglobalization and sanctions is considered in view of the fact that the network effects of international financial institutions increase over time. Nevertheless, as a result of financial sanctions, the active processes of replacing traditional international payment and settlement mechanisms with alternative ones and the US dollar — with other reserve currencies (primarily the Chinese yuan) have not yet started. Historical experience confirms the conclusion that despite the negative effects of financial sanctions, in the modern world they may not contradict to the continuation of globalization.
Russia’s foreign trade under sanctions pressure
Authors:   Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Ushkalova D. I.
Published: September 2022

The article discusses the specifics of the development of Russia’s foreign trade in the new realities, formed, on the one hand, by the unprecedented sanctions regime against the Russian economy, and, on the other hand, by a sharp increase in prices on world commodity markets in the context of increased geopolitical uncertainty, which allows Russia to financially compensate for the decline in physical volumes of export deliveries. The nature of the sanctions imposed against Russia and their impact on the dynamics of its exports and imports and the conjuncture of world commodity markets are analyzed. The concept of "trap of a big country" is introduced in relation to anti- Russian sanctions. An assessment of the results of Russia’s foreign trade in January–May 2022 is given and brief proposals for improving of Russia’s foreign trade policy are made. The conclusion is made about the resistance of the cost volumes of Russian exports to sanctions pressure and the need for a foreign trade policy aimed at comprehensive support of imports necessary for the functioning of the domestic economy in the short term.
Russian human capital in times of sanctions and counter-sanctions: Some redistributive implications
Authors:   CLMS NRU HSE, Institute of Sociology of the Federal entre of Theoretical and Applied Socilology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Gimpelson V. E.
Published: September 2022

The paper argues that the combination of sanctions, counter-sanctions and total importsubstitution taken together creates a strong shock on the human capital, and affects its utilization and reallocation. This effect can go along two major lines. First, one can expect underutilization of previously accumulated knowledge and skills due to the technologically regressive import-substitution. Second, those players who have previously lost in the global competition may take over the key role in formation and adjustment of the human capital to the changing demand. This shift in power and resources is likely to make the regress endogenous. These processes concern technological developments as well as R&D and higher education. As a result, one may expect that a significant part of the human capital that was created for utilization in more open and competitive environment can be lost.
Once again about where to go: Toward a development strategy in isolation from the West
Authors:   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Polterovich V. M. ,   The Moscow School of Economics (MSE MSU), Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2022

It is shown that the program of institutional changes, outlined in a number of articles of the author, is even more relevant in the current context of sanctions and needs to be further elaborated. Due to restrictions on import and export flows, the need to form long chains of added value within the country is increasing. Business cannot cope with this task on its own. To solve it the institutions of catching-up development are needed, including the system of indicative planning headed by the general development agency and the national innovation system aimed at borrowing of technologies with a gradual increase of own innovative developments. It is advisable to conduct the reform of economic governance as a continuation of the reform of project activities carried out in 2018–2019. New institutions must ensure economic growth by forming a set of mega-projects and programs, coordinated with each other and with the budget, based on the coordination of efforts of the state, business and society at the federal, regional and municipal levels. The increased necessity of differentiated progressive income tax introduction is underlined. The expediency of forming consortiums, expanding the system of sector research institutes and increasing investment in education are noted.
Industry effects of monetary policy in Russia: Econometric analysis
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Dobronravova E. P. ,   Institute of Applied Economic Research,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the econometric analysis of the heterogenous effects of monetary policy on industrial output and producer prices in manufacturing sector in Russia. The estimation of the differences in the impulce responses to the interest rate shock is conducted using structural VAR-models, the analysis of key industrial characteristics, explaining differences through monetary transmission channes, is based on principal components and correlations. Our findings reveal the strongest response to monetary policy in such industries as manufacture of rubber and plastic products, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, manufacture of pulp and paper, manufacture of machinery nd equipment, manufacture of electrical, electronic and optical equipment and manufacture of motor vehicles and equipment. Besides, in these industries the response is usually deffered to 2–3 months after the shock. Our findings also show that the impact of monetary shocks on output is particulary strong in industries producing capital goods and supplies for construction but particularly weak in industries with high concentration and high profits. That means that differences in industrial responses to monetary policy can be described by two key channels of monetary transmission — interest rate channel (due to high demand sensitivity to interest rate changes) and bank lending channel (due to important role of bank loans in fi rms’ financing).
The impact of the first demographic dividend on economic growth considering human capital
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Kalabikhina I. E. , Kazbekova Z. G. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2022

Given the modest growth rates of the Russian economy over the past 10 years and population aging, a careful study of the demographic component of economic growth is of particular interest. This article provides a quantitative assessment of the first demographic dividend in Russia in 1997–2017. Based on Rosstat data for 74 Russian regions, the growth rates of real GRP per capita are modeled depending on the share of the working age population. Additionally, the model includes the possibility of assessing the dynamics of economic growth at the expense of human capital, since its high level can compensate for the negative influence of the demographic factor. According to our calculations, the demographic factor is significant and in the 2000s, it contributed to economic growth; since 2010, Russia has received a negative demographic dividend. Human capital weakly compensates for the negative trends of the demographic factor, which in the coming years will serve as a serious challenge to the growth of the Russian economy. The revealed positive, although still weak, influence of human capital indicates that the development of human capital in the regions of Russia can become a driver of their development.
Money supply in the history of macroeconomic thought: 50 shades of endogeneity
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia, Ostapenko V. M. , Buglevsky E. A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: September 2022

The paper considers the evolution of the money supply concept in economics through the lens of contemporary discussion on the degree of its endogeneity. It is stated that the model of exogenous money supply formation, widespread in the literature and actively criticized in recent decades, is an artifact of macroeconomic thought. Its dominance lasted a very short time period, and various forms of endogeneity were attributed to money supply much more often in the course of monetary theory development. Authors cover the debates between the currency and banking school in the XIX century, the birth of the theory of money multiplier, Keynes’ position, the monetarist view of money supply and its criticism by Post- Keynesians. Particular attention is paid to the turn in views within the mainstream, from the Real Business Cycles doctrine to state-of-the-art models of the New Synthesis. It is emphasized that the complete exogeneity of money supply is a distinctive feature only of the monetarist approach, which has relied on the specifi c assumption of the stability of money demand function. The paper shows that, despite the visible convergence between the New Keynesian and Post- Keynesian positions, based on the modeling of interest rate targeting rather than money supply targeting by the central bank, fundamental differences still remain between two camps regarding the endogeneity mechanism.
Agricultural Producers Cooperatives in the years 1918–2022 – selected legal issues
Authors: Suchoń Aneta
Published: September 2022

Firstly, this article aims to outline the development of cooperatives of agricultural producers from 1920 to 2022 and assess the factors that influenced it. Secondly, it seeks to determine whether and to what extent the legislation supported the development of agricultural cooperatives and consider potential directions of their development after 2022. The scope outlined for consideration is extensive; therefore, this article only addresses selected issues. The primary research method was the dogmatic analysis of normative texts. The arti­cle’s topic also references the historical method and statistical data. In summary, the author shows that, among other things, cooperatives in the interwar period after 1920 developed on many levels, particularly in terms of legislation, research and publication, and practice. If it had not been for the socialist period, many cooperatives of agricultural producers from the interwar period would still be operating. For several years, the Polish legisla­tor has been trying to revive cooperatives and encourage agricultural producers to establish them. Examples include the passing of the Act on farmers’ cooperatives and legal regulations concerning energy cooperatives.
Factores que influyen en el manejo quirúrgico óptimo y sobrevida del cáncer de tiroides anaplásico
Authors: José Fonseca  , Patricio Toapanta  , Milton Fonseca  , Patricia Valdivieso  , Mauricio Morillo  , Alicia Mendoza
Published: September 2022

Introducción: El cáncer de tiroides anaplásico (ATC) representa el 1 % al 2 % de los cánceres tiroideos, con una estimación de sobrevida promedio de cinco meses. Objetivo: El objetivo de investigación fue conocer los factores influyentes en el manejo quirúrgico y sobrevida del ATC además de factores de riesgo asociados a esta enfermedad. Metodología: Se realizó un análisis sistemático, para contestar preguntas de investigación. Entre los factores destacaron: diagnóstico temprano de ATC y determinación de factores de riesgo, evaluación de resecabilidad, realización de resección R0, instaurar una terapia oncológica específica, descartar enfermedad metastásica y monitorización nerviosa. Se realizó un metaanálisis que evaluó factores de riesgo para padecer ATC: sexo, diabetes, tabaquismo. Resultados: En la población de 1.037 pacientes femeninas se evidenció un riesgo relativo (RR) de 0,81, 81 % de probabilidad que una mujer desarrolle ATC, (P<0.00001). En hombres con una población de 403 pacientes, el RR fue de 0,29, en consecuencia, el 29 % presentó la probabilidad de desarrollar ATC, (P<0.0001). En factores modificables, se encontró, con una población de 43 diabéticos estudiados, un RR de 0.66, que evidencia el 66 % de probabilidad que un diabético desarrolle ATC, (P<0.003). Mientras que, con una población de 82 pacientes fumadores, indicó RR de 0.86, evidenciando 86 % de probabilidad que un fumador desarrolle ATC (P<0,65). Conclusión: El ATC es más frecuente en el sexo femenino como factor no modificable, mientras que en los modificables en los fumadores y diabéticos existe alta probabilidad de padecer ATC.
COUNCIL OF THE MAIN DIRECTORATE OF EASTERN SIBERIA: ORGANIZATION PROCEDURE BASED ON LEGAL ACTS
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Shigildeeva L.V.
Published: September 2022

In the publication, based on a comprehensive analysis of regulations and archival documents on office work, the organizational and personnel aspects of the functioning of the Council of the Main Directorate of Eastern Siberia are disclosed. The characteristics of the functions and competence of the Council are presented, the issues of the establishment and organization of the work of the Council are disclosed. Particular attention is paid to personnel issues and the genesis of the practice of resolving them in the context of a personnel shortage and the struggle of senior officials of the Siberian Territory with central ministries for influence on the Councils of Main Directorates. It is stated that certain indulgences were associated with a temporary solution to the issue of personnel shortages, including through the appointment of officials to the positions of Councilors without the necessary title of State Councilor. At the same time, the powers of such officials were limited and had a temporary character. At the same time, a ban was established on arbitrary actions of governors general to move and dismiss advisers without the consent of the Ministry of the Interior, as well as to distract advisers from the work of the Council during the absence of governors general. It is stated that flexibility in resolving organizational and personnel issues has become the foundation for the productive activity of the Council of the Main Directorate of Eastern Siberia.
SOCIAL-DEMOCRAT, CADET, WHITE OFFICER: ABOUT BIOGRAPHY OF THE SOVIET SERVICEMAN IVAN IVANOVICH ALIFANOV
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Stelmak M.M. , Sushko A.V. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: September 2022

This publication is an analytical review of the controversial and complex fate of Ivan Ivanovich Alifanov - a provincial Russian intellectual, social democrat, cadet, Bolshevik, officer of the Russian Imperial Army, White Guard, Soviet employee, victim of mass political repressions in the USSR. The purpose of study is to represent in the context of the military- anthropological vision of the scenario of adaptation of the "ordinary intellectual" to the conditions of social cataclysms of the first half of the 20th century. The methodological concept of the study, based on the characteristics of its genre, is represented by the simultaneous application of the anthropological approach, the theory of social mobility, biographical and comparative historical methods. The basis for the preparation of the article was a complex of previously unpublished sources from the funds of the Historical Archive, the Omsk Region, the State Archive of the Novosibirsk Region, and the archive of the Office of the Federal Security Service of Russia in the Omsk Region. The most informative sources are Soviet questionnaires, autobiographies of I.I. Alifanov, materials of the archival criminal case initiated against him. Some of these documents were in closed storage for a long period. In conclusion, the authors emphasize that the biography of I.I. Alifanov is an example of how the conditions of the military revolutionary era subjugate and, ultimately, break the life of a provincial Russian intellectual who did not fit into their realities. The biography studied is typical and raises the question of the need to study the conditions and possibilities for the adaptation of former white officers to the Soviet society. The work is addressed to a wide range of readers, including specialists in political and social history, researchers of the revolutionary movement, Russian (Imperial), white and Red armies, mass political repressions in the USSR.
VILLAGE CHERVYANKA OF THE IRKUTSK REGION: THE FORGOTTEN HERITAGE OF SIBERIA (IN THE WAKE OF EXPEDITIONS)
Authors:   Dmitry Hvorostovsky Siberian State Academy of Arts, Kholodova M.V. , Studnova T.F. ,   MKUK KDITS DK "Rodnik" rp. Lesogorsk Chunsky district of the Irkutsk region
Published: September 2022

The problems of studying regional culture are embedded in the current course of interdisciplinary studies devoted to various aspects that reveal the rich originality and uniqueness of the culture of Siberia. The study of the culture of the region, including the existence of folklore traditions that have developed as a result of "secondary" localization, is one of the strategic tasks of modern cultural studies and ethnography, making an important contribution to the problem of preserving historical memory. The work presents the results of a historical and ethnographic study of the village of Chervyanka, Chunsky District, Irkutsk Region, systematizes the materials of an expedition to this area, carried out at the end of the 20th century. The authors, based on the study of disparate sources, for the first time reconstruct valuable data on the origin of Chervyanka — the area of local tradition. Thus, the ethnographic context of the functioning of the song tradition, which was practically lost for objective reasons, is partially compensated for, the deciphered samples of which are demonstrated in the article. The introduction of materials of the work into scientific use allows us to expand the idea of the musical culture of the region, to supplement the historical and cultural "landscape" of Siberia.
IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL INTERESTS OF ASIAN STATES IN THE ARCTIC ON THE EXAMPLE OF JAPAN
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Yudintseva V.A. , Nikulenkov V.V. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: September 2022

The resource, transport, geopolitical significance of the Arctic zone in the current conditions of the crisis in the system of international relations is becoming a subject of rivalry on various platforms. Regional organizations (on the example of the Arctic Council, the Northern Forum), supranational international associations (SArctic), non-governmental organizations, communities, scientific institutions and other structures become tools for involving non-Arctic states in the Arctic agenda. At the level of strategic documents, the states fix the conceptual tasks of the presence in the Arctic, form programs of activities that ensure the presence. Among the eastern developed countries in the framework of this study is Japan, whose Arctic policy is analyzed by this study.
CLUB SPHERE: ESSENCE, SOCIO-CULTURAL FEATURES, PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Kostylev S.V.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the consideration of the socio-cultural essence and characteristic features of the club sphere as a cultural-creative integrity and the identification of goals, main directions and functions of club activities in accordance with changing realities. The significance of the study is determined by the objective need to analyze the organizational, managerial, conceptual and infrastructural components, which will determine the relevance and quality of the functioning of the club sector and justify the need for modernization and renovation of club-type cultural institutions. The author's view on a comprehensive study of the scientific cultural category - the club sphere as a special part of the sphere of culture and purposefully organized socio-cultural reality, the idea of which is significant in theoretical, methodological and technological aspects, is proposed. The methodology for analyzing the club sphere involves the study of modern innovative models for the development of club-type cultural institutions that have appeared recently: cultural centers, cultural development centers, cultural and leisure centers, houses of folklore, houses of crafts, centers of national cultures, etc.
THE MAIN STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION IN THE YENISEI REGION IN THE XIX—XXI CENTURIES
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Akhtamov E.A. , Gergilev D.N> ,   Siberian Federal University,   Ministry of Education of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Published: September 2022

The influence of the Trans-Siberian Railway on the economic, social and cultural development of Siberia can hardly be overestimated. Contemporaries noted that from the very beginning of the operation of the Siberian railway, the economic and cultural development of Siberia accelerated: the railway opened the way for Siberian manufacturers to Western markets; also, the industrial development of Siberia required an influx of labor, and streams of migrants, peasants, employees, and merchants poured into Siberia. The section of the Trans-Siberian Railway, passing through the territory of the modern Krasnoyarsk Territory, at different periods of its existence was part of the Great Siberian Railway, the West Siberian, Tomsk, East Siberian Railways. The change of ownership of the Krasnoyarsk Railway from one section of the Trans-Siberian Railway to another was due to the tasks of industrial development facing society. Each time the reformation of the structure of the Trans-Siberian Railway was accompanied by corresponding personnel and organizational changes in the management structure of the Krasnoyarsk Railway itself. The article considers the key events in the history of the development of the railway transport of the Yenisei region. The authors analyzed the prerequisites and historical conditions that determined the pace of development of the railway network at each historical stage, showed the importance of individuals who had a significant impact on the development of the railway in the Yenisei region, considered the historical conditions that determined the pace of development of passenger traffic. The authors provide statistical information indicating a high level of demand for railway communication among the local population. It should be noted that the invariable direction in the activity of the Krasnoyarsk Railway was the development of infrastructure, which made it possible to ensure the economic development of the region in different historical periods.
KET CULTURAL HERITAGE AND THE CREATION OF CHILDREN'S LITERATURE IN KET
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Pchelkina D.S. , Pimenova N.N. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: September 2022

Cultural heritage is understood as a set of cultural and natural objects reflecting the stages of development of society and perceived by society as values subject to preservation and renewal. Its significance lies in the fact that it contributes to the sustainable development of the region, a particular people, etc. The structure of cultural heritage is represented by two types — tangible and intangible, the features of each of them are recorded in official documents. Due to the small number of the ethnocultural group of Kets and the increasing processes of globalization, cultural heritage, on the one hand, is in danger of extinction. On the other hand, the cultural heritage of the indigenous peoples of the North of Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the mechanisms of its reproduction are understood at the state level as requiring protection and protection. The purpose of the article is to reveal the content components of the cultural heritage of the Ket ethno–cultural group in general and children's Ket literature in particular. The cultural heritage of Ket is represented both in intangible and in material form. The intangible forms of the cultural heritage of the Ketov include language, ideals, ritual and everyday practices, holidays, works of art crafts. Their reproduction is carried out by a keta leading a traditional way of life and engaged in traditional economic and fishing activities. The material objects of the Ket cultural heritage are mainly created and broadcast by researchers, including carriers of the Ket culture. Children's Ket literature is one of the developed components of the cultural heritage of this indigenous small-numbered northern people.
KRASNOYARSK PERIOD (1941—1944) OF LIFE AND WORK OF SAINT LUKA (SURGEON V. F. VOYNO-YASENETSKY): THE LITTLE-KNOWN AND THE UNKNOWN
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Kozhevnikov S.V.
Published: September 2022

Based on the documents and materials discovered for the first time, the article deals with previously unknown and little-known information about Krasnoyarsk period of life and work of Archbishop Luka (Voyno-Yasenetsky) and shows the state of hospital system of the region and regional diocese. The author revealed the range and result of work of the surgeon in 1941–1944, his contribution to the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The conditions of Archbishop Luka's work at the church, his social status and daily life are shown. The conclusion is made about the significance of the Krasnoyarsk period not only for the Archbishop-surgeon, but for the region and the country as a whole.
COMPLEX EXPEDITION TO PODKAMENNAYA TUNGUSKA. A LOOK THROUGH THE CENTURY. 1921–2021
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, Batashev M.S. , Vdovin A.S. ,   Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, Gavrilov I.K. ,   Siberian Federal University,   Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, Mayzik E.I. ,   Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, Makarov N.P. ,   Siberian Federal University,   Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore
Published: September 2022

The paper presents an overview of the results of a comprehensive expedition of the Museum of the Yenisei Territory and the Krasnoyarsk Department of the Russian Geographical Society in 1921 to the Podkamennaya Tunguska River. The purpose of the study is to introduce into scientific circulation the materials of the expedition in the field of archeology, ethnography, ornithology and botany. The main complete collections are indicated in the indicated areas. Such scientific methods as comparative-historical, natural science, field observations, analogies and others are used. The chronology of the stages of the expedition, its route, the composition of the participants and their role in achieving the goals are given. The result of the expedition is the collection of 2,300 items in all major branches of local lore knowledge of the Yenisei North. The subject of the study is a zoological collection of 817 items, a herbarium of 782 exhibits, 216 units of geological samples and fossils, 410 items of Evenk and Russian ethnography and 45 archeological artifacts. For the first time, archival illustrative material on the expedition is presented. The results obtained by the expedition members a hundred years ago are compared with modern scientific ideas. Along the route of the 1921 expedition, modern monitoring of the state of objects was carried out. The authors concluded that the expedition collected unique materials in the north of the Yenisei province. They significantly expanded scientific information and replenished museum collections.
HISTORY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SOVIET ARCTIC
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, Vdovin A.S. , Batashev M.S. ,   Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, Makarov N.P. ,   Siberian Federal University,   Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore
Published: September 2022

The article presents a brief historiographical review of the first archaeological studies of the Yenisei North. The study presents a description of unknown documents developed by the team of the Arctic Institute in the mid 1940s. The evacuation of the Institute of the Arctic to Krasnoyarsk during the Great Patriotic War increased the attention of its employees to the Krasnoyarsk North. The article publishes «Brief instructions for the registration and protection of archaeological sites of the Soviet Arctic» and «A short questionnaire program for collecting information about the archaeological sites of the Arctic». These documents were identified by the authors in 2022 during the analysis of unprocessed archival materials in the funds of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. The purpose of the study is to introduce the identified archival materials in the historical context of the development the matters of registration and protection the historical and cultural resources in the Russian Arctic. The instruction contains the main types of resources of the native peoples of the North: dwellings and settlements of coastal tribes, settlements of hunters and reindeer herders of the tundra and forest tundra, ancient workshops, fortifications, burial grounds, sacrificial places, rock carvings, remains of fossil fauna, grottoes, caves and sheds in the rocks. Saibs, Arangas and other ancient burial places of pre-Christian times among the Nenets, Yuraks, Nganasans, Yukaghirs, Yakuts are singled out in a special group of resources. They were subject to research only by specialist archaeologists and should were protected. The need to single out resources of the archaeological heritage of the Russian population is emphasized on the example of unique finds in Sims Bay and Thaddeus Island. The section «Recording and protection of archaeological sites of the North» contains regulatory requirements for the identification and registration of the noted types of sites. To characterize them, the Instruction recommends cartographic, field observation, comparative-historical, complex and other methods of study. The transfer of found artifacts and all identified information to the Arctic Institute of the Main Northern Sea Route under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR or its representatives located in the nearest points is regulated. The content of the identified documents ends with a brief questionnaire for collecting information about the archaeological sites of the Arctic.
محددات جودة المتاحف التاريخية في امارة الشارقة لممارسات المتاحف الرقمية في ظل انتشار كوفيد-19
Authors: Aburumman Asad H. , Al-Leheabi Saleh Muhammad Zeki
Published: September 2022

تمثل دراسة المتاحف واحدة من اهم الدراسات النوعية التي يتناولها العديد من الباحثين في المجتمعات، ولقد هدفت دراستنا الى قياس جودة الخدمات المتحفية الافتراضية من وجهة النظر الزوار للمتاحف افتراضيا ، وبيان مدى تاثير ذلك على الرضا العام لهم، ولهذا الغرض تبنت الدراسة مجموعه من الابعاد لقياس جودة المتاحف افتراضيا وهي: واجهة الموقع الإلكتروني، التفاعل، الاعتمادية، الخصوصية، الأمان، الفاعلية، ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻁﻑ، الاستجابة، واستخدمت الدراسة لقياس ذلك اسلوب الاستمارة ، والتي وزعت على زوار المتحف افتراضيا عبر تحويل الاستمارة الى رابط لهذا الغرض، وبلغ مجموع العينة الداخلة في الدراسة (375) زائر لمجموعه من المتاحف العاملة في امارة الشارقة ، وتوصلت الدراسة الى ان جودة الخدمات المتحفية المطبقة الكترونيا تؤثر بشكل متفاوت في رضا الزوار، فضلا عن الدور الذي تلعبه ثقة الزوار بالتكنولوجيا المطبقة في المتاحف والخاصة بالمنصات الافتراضية المرفوع عليها برامج ومحتويات المتحف.
التباين المكاني لإقليم الصناعات المتوسطة في العراق
Authors: Azzouz Ayad Shather Abd
Published: September 2022

يسلط بحث التباين المكاني لإقليم الصناعات المتوسطة في العراق الضوء على منشآت الصناعات المتوسطة الإستخراجية (عدا النفط الخام) والتحويلية ولجميع القطاعات (حكومي_ عام_ خاص_ مختلط) ومعرفة خصائصها وتوزيعها وتباينها المكاني بين محافظات العراق، وقد إعتمد الباحث على طريقة Quantile interval وتنفيذها بواسطة برنامج Arcgis في تقسيم منطقة الدراسة الى أربع فئات، تضم كل فئة مجموعة من المحافظات إستناداً الى مراتبها وخصائصها من حيث عدد المنشآت وعدد العمال وقيمة كل من الإنتاج والمستلزمات، وقد تبين أن محافظات إقليم كوردستان (السليمانية، دهوك، وأربيل) فضلاً عن محافظتي بغداد وديالى تشغل مستويات متقدمة غالباً، وفي حين ينعدم نشاط الصناعات المتوسطة في محافظات (القادسية، المثنى، وميسان)، كما شغلت محافظات (كربلاء، واسط، وذي قار) مستويات منخفضة غالباً. ولدى تطبيق بعض المؤشرات الصناعية كانت أبرز النتائج قد ظهرت في تطبيق معيار درجة التصنيع، حيث سجلت أعلى قيمة في (محافظة دهوك) وبلغت (83.4%)، بينما سجلت (محافظة كربلاء) أدنى قيمة بلغت (23.0%). وهذا مؤشر لصالح الأخيرة، حيث كلما كانت درجة التصنيع أقل كلما دل ذلك على إرتفاع حجم الإنتاج مقارنة بقيمة المستلزمات المستخدمة فيه.
البلاغة من منظار صفي الدین الحلّي (677-752ه)
Authors: Al-Shimari Ali Mahmood Habib , Pour Mojtaba Emrani , Gholamali Mehran
Published: September 2022

تنقسم البلاغة العربية إلی ثلاثة علوم: علم المعاني والبیان والبدیع. یقوم علم المعاني بإيراد الأسالیب المصممة وفقاً لاقتضاء الحال لدی المطلقي، ویعرف بعلم البیان إيراد المعنی الواحد بطرق مختلفة في وضوح الدلالة على ذلك المعنى وعلم البدیع یبحث عن كیفیة تزیین الكلام. لقد تحدث العلماء الكبار في هذا الصدد وقدموا بعض الآراء منهم صفي الدین الحلي. تقوم هذه الدراسة إلی استكشاف وجهات النظر لصفي الدين الحلي الذي یعد عالماً في علم البلاغة عبر المنهج الوصفي - التحليلي لأبيات دیوانه. لذلك بدایةً نقدم كل موضوع من المواضيع البلاغیة التي ذكرها هذا العالم الكبير في أبياته التعلیمیة ثمّ نقارن آراء العلماء الآخرين في هذه المواضيع. عادةً نشاهد الأراء المتشابهة ولكن یبدو أن رؤیة صفي الدین الحلي في بعض الموضوعات لاسیَّما المیزات التي تختص بالمتكلم أوسع من رؤیة بقیة البلاغیین.
FUNCTIONIG DEFINITIION OF THE CONCEPT OF ARABISMS ZAKT/ ZAKAT, IBADAH, WUDU, HIJIRA, AND OTHER WORDS TYPES OF WORSHIP
Authors: Al Kazzaz Mohammed Abd Ali Hussein
Published: September 2022

Статья связана с критическим изучением в рамках сравнительного метода.Она связана с уточнением лингвистического, глагольного и практического значения слов " хадж, ибáда, хи́джра, закя́т / закáт, вуду́, ху́тба, азáн", связанных с обрядами богослужения в русском языке по сравнению с арабским языком. Она подчеркнула их роль в большом русском лексиконе и его взаимодействие с остальными другими иностранными словами в русском языке на материале «Национального корпуса русского языка».

слово хадж (الحج)

слово ибáда(عبادة)

слово хи́джра   (هجرة)

слово закя́т / закáт (غروب الشمس، فريضة الزكاة )

слово вуду́ (وضوء)

ху́тба ( خطبة دينية، خطبة زواج

азáн (اذان)
Las Variaciones lingüísticas en el dialecto iraquí y sus equivalentes en el idioma español
Authors: Ahmed Wisam , Qays Gheidaa
Published: September 2022

El motivo de presentar este trabajo se puede resumir en los siguientes puntos:

 

llamar la atención a las variaciones lingüísticas que hace que la lengua árabe sea lengua ricamente expresiva.

Exponer una cantidad suficiente de las diferencias en el valor lingüístico y las diferencias en expresar un enuncio en el dialecto árabe iraquí de una obra literaria, escrita en el mismo dialecto, bajo el nombre Frankenstein en Bagdad (FB), traducida a la lengua española.

Enfocar la luz sobre los errores de traducción. Este tipo de error explicaríamos sus motivos y como ser analizado en las siguientes páginas. Es un error común que los traductores cometen, en particular, cuando se relacione de un refrán árabe o un dicho de procedencia étnica o religiosa. Lo contrario para las partes del idioma árabe clásico. Ya que se encuentra el significado exacto y natural al transferir un valor del árabe estándar al español castellano. Se sabe cómo equivaler el término (a la buena de Dios بمشيئة الله او توكلنا على الله) al español por ser un factor compartido, mejor dicho un aspecto lingüístico común.

Saber por qué se producen los errores en transferir la información en lugares donde el español es una lengua pura y el árabe es una lengua de múltiples diversidades, debido a cambios históricos en el significado. Por eso se produce que no se cuide en traducir la parte cultural y no se busque el origen de una locución.

Este tipo de análisis nos resultaría muy beneficioso y nos posibilita evitar cualquier error futurístico por medio de seguir los pasos del análisis contrastivo de los aspectos culturales.

 

Personalmente creemos que la diferencia de la forma en cual la lengua árabe está formada de lo del español y la trasladación  del significado entre usar la jerga del dialecto iraquí sería más semejante si la hayamos encontrado un equivalente en la jerga española.
التحليل الجغرافي للعلاقات الزمانية والمكانية لتغيرات الأغطية الأرضية في قضاء الرصافة بأستخدام التقنيات الجغرافية
Authors: Mohammed Shatha Abbas Jassim , Al-Azzawi Thaer Mazher Fahmy
Published: September 2022

يهدف البحث الى كشف نسب تغيرات الغطاء الارضي وأستعمالات الأرض في قضاء الرصافة للمدة (1985-2020) من خلال  التكامل بين تقنيات الأستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية وبأستخدام التحليل الجغرافي للعوامل الطبيعية والبشرية وعلاقتها الزمانية والمكانية وما نتجت عنها من تغيرات أيجابية وسلبية أنعكس تأثيرها على طبيعة وأتجاه تلك التغيرات خاصة فيما يتعلق بالعناصر المناخية والزيادة السكانية التي أدت الى الزحف العمراني على الأراضي الزراعية والأستعمالات الأخرى وأحداث أخلال في التوازن البيئي والتخطيطي لمنطقة الدراسة في ظل غياب الردع القانوني فيها وقد تمت عملية التنبؤ بمستقبل تلك التغيرات وعلى أساس سلسلة ماركوف (CA-MARCOV) ولسنة الهدف 2030 وعلى ضوء طبيعة وأتجاه التغيرات الماضية والحاضرة والتي تمخضت عنها تغيرات سلبية بأنخفاض نسب الغطاء المائي و الأستعمال الزراعي لصالح المناطق المفتوحة والسكنية وأحداث زيادة في نسب تغيراتهما الأيجابية المستقبلية.
الخصائص الهيدرولوجية لحوض الشرهاني واحواضه الثانوية باستخدام برنامج (HEC-HMS)
Authors: Kazem Fatma Ali A. , Abood Abdallah Sabbar
Published: September 2022

تفتقر الاودية في المناطق الجافة الى مزيد من الدراسات والابحاث التي تمكن اصحاب القرار من التعرف على جوانبها وخصائصها المختلفة تمهيداً لاستغلالها وتنمية مصادر المياه ومشاريع التنمية وذلك في المناطق التي لا تتوفر فيها محطات هيدرولوجية لقياس الجريان السطحي، إذ يتم الاعتماد على التخمين لتقدير الجريان السطحي، لذلك سيتم استخدام أنموذج (HEC - HMS) الهيدرولوجي وهي من افضل الطرق وادقها إذ تثبت العلاقة بين المطر والجريان السطحي، حيث وضعت هيئة المهندسين في الجيش الأمريكي هذه الطريقة لقياس تساقط الامطار والمأخوذة من جداول خاصة ، وهي من اهم العوامل في اعداد خريطة المجاميع الهيدرولوجية لتربة حوض الشرهاني واحواضه الثانوية .
The pragmatic aspects and their relationship with the theatrical discourse
Authors: Abdulrdha Ola Ahmed , Nasser Esam Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Uno de los enfoques contemporáneos más importantes que tiene un claro impacto en el análisis de las obras artísticas es el enfoque pragmático, que es enfoque lingüístico que estudia la relación de la actividad lingüística con sus usuarios, las formas y métodos de utilizar los signos lingüísticos y los diferentes contextos en los que se realiza el discurso, ya que el lenguaje es una de las herramientas más poderosas que utiliza el emisor para comunicar sus intenciones al destinatario e influir en él de acuerdo con estos propósitos y para buscar los factores que hacen del discurso un mensaje comunicativo claro y exitoso. La pragmática se ha aplicado en el Corán, el cuento, la novela, la poesía y el teatro, y según nuestra opinión, no hay texto que encarne más la pragmática que el texto teatral, debido al predominio de su naturaleza dialógica, porque la función principal del lenguaje es la función de la comunicación.

En esta investigación nos hacemos una serie de preguntas, las cuales son las siguientes:

 - ¿Qué es la pragmática?

- ¿Cuál es la naturaleza de la relación entre el texto teatral y la pragmática?

 ¿Están las obras sujetas a análisis deliberativo?

 - ¿Cómo se analiza la obra teatral según el enfoque pragmático?

 ¿Es posible hablar de pragmática en el discurso teatral?, o ¿Se puede utilizar la pragmática como medio en el estudio del discurso teatral?

La Pragmática ha abierto nuevos horizontes al investigador para permitirle investigar, el análisis, la comprensión precisa del lenguaje y el discurso, y por lo tanto la elección de esta investigación, marcada con: “Los Aspectos pragmáticos y se relacion con el discurso teatral", por razones que incluyen: la pragmática es una ciencia importante, y el interés en la dimensión pragmática teatral es moderno, lo que suscitó el deseo de conocerlo más en el campo del análisis teatral.
اهم استراتيجيات الجامعة لتنمية قيم المواطنة
Authors: Jaber Sarah Ali , Abd Ammar Salim
Published: September 2022

ان سعي المجتمعات للاهتمام بجامعاتها واستحداث المزيد منها ومدها بأسباب القوة والتطور يعد خياراً يتصدر الاولويات ويتخذ الاسبقية حيث يمثل التعليم العالي قمة المنظومة التعليمية وتاج المسار الدراسي ونهاية المطاف التعليمي والنظامي بالنسيبة للطلاب والدارسين كما يشكل حجر الزاوية للعملية التنموية للمجتمع والمؤشر الرئيس لتقدم الشعوب وازدهارها. ومن اجل ان تساهم الجامعات في اعداد الطالب بصورة كفؤة لمواجهة متطلبات الحياة وتطوراتها المستقبلية، لا بد ان تعمل بصورة جدية على تطوير طراق واساليب التدريس والتدريب فيها والاستفادة من اخر التطورات في مجال التقنيات التربوية الحديثة واستقلالها.

  وقد توصل البحث إلى اهم النتائج الأتية:

تشكل الانشطة الطلابية جانباً هاماً من جوانب العملية التربوية والتعليمة.

تلعب الإدارة الجامعية في الجامعات دور الوسيط المنظم الذي يساعد على تنمية شخصية الفرد.

أصبح تطوير المناهج بما يتلاءم مع مستجدات ومع تحديات العصر هو المفتاح الامثل للتطوير في كافة مجالات الحياة العملية والعلمية.

تمثل استراتيجيات التدريس خطة تشمل اجراءات منظمة يقوم بها المعلم (الاستاذ) وتلاميذه لتحقيق مجموعة من الاهداف التعليمية اللازمة لتنفيذ الموقف التعليمي من خلال مجموعة من طرائق التدريس والذي تعبر عن الاساليب والوسائل والاجراءات المستخدمة في تنظيم تفاعل التلاميذ في المواقف التعليمية لاكتساب الخبرات التعليمية والتربوية المنشودة.
استراتيجيات التناص في ديوان (زنابق برية) للشاعر يحيى السماوي
Authors: Yousif Raghda Ghassan , Al-Najjar Ashwaq Mohammed Ismaiel
Published: September 2022

يهدف هذا البحث الموسوم بـ (استـراتيجيات التناص في ديوان (زنابق برية) للشاعر يحيى السماوي) إلى دراسة استـراتيجية مفهوم التناص عند القدماء والمحدثين، وبيان مصادره، وأشكاله، واستـراتيجية ألوان التناص: كاستـراتيجية التناص المباشر وتضم هذه الاستـراتيجية استـراتيجيتين هما: استـراتيجية التناص المباشر الداخلي، واستـراتيجية التناص المباشر الخارجي. ويقصد بالداخلي تناص العبارات والتـراكيب من الرباعيات نفسها، أما استـراتيجية التناص الخارجي فتعني أن في الديوان تناص العبارات والتـراكيب، أو هناك صدر أو عجز بيت لشعر شعراء تأثر بهم. واستـراتيجية التناص غير المباشر، يعني تناص الأفكار والمعاني، واستـراتيجية تناص القوالب والتقنيات التي تشمل استـراتيجية تناص العنوان، واستـراتيجية تناص العدد، واستـراتيجية تناص القالب الرباعي، واستـراتيجية تناص اللغة المستخدمة.

وتوصل البحث إلى أن التناص عنصر مهم من عناصر صياغة الرباعيات في ديوان (زنابق برية) وترابط أجزائها وتماسكها، كما توصّل إلى أن رباعيات (زنابق برية) فيها تناص مع القرآن الكريم، وهذا ما زاد من جماليتها، وتعدُّ استـراتيجية تناص القوالب والتقنيات، من أكثر ألوان التناص ورودًا في رباعيات (زنابق برية)، وذلك للتـرابط الوثيق بين الوحدات النصية وانسجام دلالاتها.

ولغة الشاعر (يحيى السماوي) في رباعيات (زنابق برية) لغة عالية وراقية، إذ استعمل فنونًا بلاغية وبيانية كـ (التشبيه، والمجاز، والاستعارة، والكناية)، والبديعية كـ (الطباق، والجناس، والمقابلة، والسجع، والتورية... هلم جرّا). واستعمل اللغة الفصحى، القريبة من السهل الممتنع، الموشاة بالبلاغة، والمخيال الشعري، الخالية من التعقيد اللفظي، والحرص على استخدام الكلام المأنوس، والابتعاد قدر المستطاع عن الكلمات التي تتطلب البحث عن معانيها في المعجمات، مع الحرص على الانزياح اللغوي.
مستوى الإقناع الصوتي في الشعر العربي الأسلامي الصقلي
Authors: Al-Musharraf Khawla Jabbar Hamad , Al-Fartousi Ahmed Abdel Hussein
Published: September 2022

يُعَدُّ الإقناعُ الصوتيّ وسيلةً من الوسائل الَّتي عَمِدَ لها الشعراءُ في قصائِدِهِمْ؛ بُغيَةَ إحداثِ إقناعٍ في ذهن المتلَقِّي؛ لِمَا في خَلَجَاتهم من بوحٍ تامٍّ، فالشعراءُ وظَّفوا المستوى الصوتي في مختلف الجوانب مثل التكرار والنبر وغيرهم، الَّتي شَكَّلَتْ لوحةً لها حضورُها في الشعرِ الصقليّ، وعلى الرَّغمِ مِنَ الدراسات الصَوتِيَّة الَّتي أخذت على عاتقها دراسة الشعر العربي، بيد أنَّها لَمْ تَتَبَنَّ البحث في الجانب الإقناعي في الشعر الصقلي، الَّذي تضَمَّنَ عَدَدًا من الشعراءِ الَّذينَ كانَ لهم الأثرُ الأوفرُ في شعرِ هذه المدينةِ.

   إنَّ البحث في ميدان الدرس الصوتيّ يتطلَّبُ منَّا الخوضَ في غمار الشعر الصقليّ، الَّذي حمل مناخ التنوُّع؛ نتيجةً للظروفِ الَّتي أحاطت بها من حيث المناخ والطبيعة وكذلك تعدُّد حكَّامها والعصور الَّتي مرَّت بها، فضلاً عن ذلك أنَّ المستوى الصوتي يحمِلُ أبعادًا كثيرةً، وعميقةً من حيث التنوُّع الموضوعي، والتداخل بين معطياته الَّتي تَرِدُ عند الشعراء، ولاسيما توظيف التكرار، أو طبيعة النبر، أو خصائص التنغيم، أو حَتَّى الأصوات من حيث الجهر والهمس، وغير ذلك من الجوانب الصَوتِيَّة، وعلى هذ النحو سنتحدَّثُ عن هذاالبحث في ضوء مبحثين،جاء المبحث الأول تحت عنوان( التكرار وأثره في الإقناع)، أما لمبحث الثاني فقد كان تحت مسمى(قَصْدِيَّةُ التَّرْكِيزِ وَأثَرُهَا فِي الإِقْنَاعِ)
Glenn Fulcher’s Thirty-Five Years of Contribution to Language Testing and Assessment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fulcher Glenn , Panahi Ali , Mohebbi Hassan
Published: September 2022

The present systematic review examines Glenn Fulcher’s contributions, works, philosophy, and research in language testing and assessment. The data includes his published articles, book chapters, books and interviews (except the one in this special issue) relevant to language testing and assessment from 1987 to March 2022. This study is conducted in two stages: From the sources, Ali Panahi and Hassan Mohebbi derived 127 commonly used main themes, 43 statistical and instrumental concepts, and 14 domains to create a framework for the analysis. We discovered that his research interests were wide-ranging. However, there was a focus on assessing speaking, rating scale design, validity, language assessment literacy and pedagogy, and the broader understanding of the role of assessment from a philosophical and societal perspective. Our analysis provides an overall understanding of the main themes, key concepts and major implications of Glenn Fulcher’s work. In the second stage of the study, Glenn presents his personal discussion and reflection of this systematic review.