bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The new mode of computerized therapy in improving the symptoms of bipolar disorder in adolescents
Authors: Zhang Zhijie , Song Chunsheng
Published: October 2023

Background

Bipolar disorder usually leads to serious mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, psychotic symptoms, and cognitive impairment. Therefore, timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial. The existing computer therapy is mostly based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), which takes functional contextualism as its philosophical foundation and empirical research on the basic properties of human cognition and language. Its goal is to improve psychological flexibility by balancing acceptance and change.

Subjects and Methods

The study designed a computerized treatment program for bipolar disorder based on six core technologies of ACT: (1) facing bipolar disorder directly, (2) accepting the current situation without avoiding it, (3) cognitively controlling one’s own state, (4) observing one’s psychological state more, (5) living in the present, and (6) maintaining independent values. Adolescents were selected for the MDQ questionnaire, and a control group experiment was conducted. The experimental group received computerized therapy for eight weeks of intervention.

Results

After treatment analysis, the results were obtained and analyzed by SPSS 23.0. The MDQ value of the experimental group significantly decreased, but there was no significant improvement in the control group. 58% of the tested adolescents in the experimental group showed significant improvement in symptoms.

Conclusions

The research results show that the new computer therapy model for bipolar disorder based on ACT has certain effects and can be used for primary autonomous intervention treatment. Further treatment is worthy of deeper research.

Acknowledgement

The research foundation ability improvement project of Young and middle-aged teachers in colleges and universities in Guangxi in 2022, No. 2022KY1458.
The race between offshoring and automation in explaining wage polarization
Authors: Pinho Mafalda , Afonso Oscar , Sequeira Tiago
Published: October 2023

Offshoring and automation are sources of wage polarization. We reassess these two determinants of wage polarization in a single directed technical change setup that encompasses routine and nonroutine production. We empirically establish the conditional positive relationship between automation and relocations on one side and wage polarization on the other. Theoretically, we show that wage polarization increases with automation and offshoring. In particular, wage polarization in favor of domestic (nonroutine) high(low)-skilled workers is positively affected by an increase in domestic (nonroutine) high(low)-skilled labor quantity and/or absolute productivity. Additionally, it is also positively influenced by a rise in foreign (routine) medium-skilled labor quantity and/or absolute productivity while negatively impacted by an increase in domestic (routine) medium-skilled labor quantity and/or absolute productivity. We show that the effect of offshoring on wage polarization diminishes with the degree of substitutability between routine and nonroutine sectors in the economy, with the share of machines in the production of intermediate goods, and with the scale effect. We quantitatively assess the impact through a thorough data-based calibration exercise, where the numerical results confirmed the theoretical findings.
Inferential evaluation and revision in L1 and L2 text comprehension: An eye movement study
Authors: Pérez A. I. , Schmidt E. , Tsimpli I. M.
Published: October 2023

Text comprehension frequently demands the resolution of no longer plausible interpretations to build an accurate situation model, an ability that might be especially challenging during second language comprehension. Twenty-two native English speakers (L1) and twenty-two highly proficient non-native English speakers (L2) were presented with short narratives in English. Each text required the evaluation and revision of an initial prediction. Eye movements in the text and a comprehension sentence indicated less efficient performance in the L2 than in L1 comprehension, in both inferential evaluation and revision. Interestingly, these effects were determined by individual differences in inhibitory control and linguistic proficiency. Higher inhibitory control reduced the time rereading previous parts of the text (better evaluation) as well as revisiting the text before answering the sentence (better revision) in L2 comprehenders, whereas higher proficiency reduced the time in the sentence when the story was coherent, suggesting better general comprehension in both languages.
Exploring the feasibility of using evidence-based feeding practices to promote children’s healthy eating in holiday clubs
Authors: Bayes Natasha , Mason Carolynne , Haycraft Emma , Holley Clare E
Published: October 2023

Objective:

Encouraging healthy eating is a public health priority in the United Kingdom (UK), given the high prevalence of poor diet and overweight/obesity among school-aged children. Holiday clubs are organisations providing childcare and activities during the school holidays and frequently provide food to children at risk of food insecurity, primarily through government-funded programmes like the Holiday Activities and Food programme. However, the research suggests that holiday clubs could do more to maximise opportunities to promote children’s healthy eating by using evidence-based feeding practices.

Design:

During August–September 2020, video-based interviews were conducted exploring staff perceptions of the feasibility of using four evidence-based feeding practices to promote children’s healthy eating: modelling; involvement in food choice; involvement in food preparation and cooking and involvement in meal planning. Feasibility was assessed using four dimensions of a feasibility framework (acceptability, demand, practicality and implementation).

Setting:

UK holiday clubs.

Participants:

Twenty-five staff actively involved in delivering UK holiday clubs (project leaders, coordinators, cooks and coaches/youth workers).

Results:

Staff generally reported good acceptability (dimension 1) and demand (dimension 2) for the feeding practices. However, the practicality (dimension 3) of using the practices was dependent on various factors (logistics, resources, staff readiness, children, peers and parents). Promisingly, in the fourth feasibility dimension (implementation), staff provided numerous practical solutions to overcome these barriers.

Conclusions:

Evidence-based feeding practices can be implemented in numerous ways and are therefore generally feasible in holiday clubs. Holiday clubs should be empowered to use evidence-based feeding practices through training resources, sharing networks and provision of sustainable funding.
The power politics of the Holy See: the church, the state, and its citizens
Authors: Kelly Bryan P.
Published: October 2023

This paper examines the Holy See as a political actor amid hard power conflict. While many debate the legal and religious personalities of the Holy See, few engage with an approach that illustrates the Holy See and its citizen-like laity in light of its combinative religious–political dynamic. This paper argues that resulting from this dynamic, the Holy See'ssui generisstatehood enables the comprehension of a similarsui generiscitizenry. These citizens, which this paper labels pseudo-citizens, are the result of connections between the recognized sovereignty of the Holy See and its role over the Roman Catholic Church. This paper examines this connection contextually amid the Holy See's interaction with the underlying international moral framework on just conflict and the protective motivating factors associated with its pseudo-citizens. This motivation is consistent with historical Holy See positions, and is significant for understanding the Holy See's approach amid future hard power events.
Limitations in Helicopter Design
Authors: Bennett J. A. J.
Published: October 2023

Ladies and Gentlemen,

As most of you know this is the Fourth and last lecture of our present session, the other three having been given by Gp/Capt. LIPTROT, Mr. C. G. PULLIN and Mr. R. A. C. BRIE, covering an historical survey, design and operation of helicopters, etc., and to-day our lecturer is discussing “Limitations in Helicopter Design.”

It gives me very great pleasure to introduce Dr. BENNETT to you, for I have known him personally for fifteen years or more, during the whole of which time he has been intimately associated with rotary wing and helicopter design.

For some years prior to the war, Dr. BENNETT was with Messrs. G. & J. Weir and the Cierva Autogiro Co.; and during the war was C.T.O. at the Airborne Forces Experimental Establishment and spent two years in the U.S.A. where he latterly was attached to Wright Field as project engineer on helicopter research.
Sites for Rotor Stations—Some Town Planning Considerations
Authors: Littler F H
Published: October 2023

The previous speaker has briefly stated the requirements which for satisfactory operation of a helicopter service should govern the siting of a Rotor Station they may be summarised as—commercially “a central location in the town, with convenient access by road and rail”, and—operationally “relative freedom from local ‘smog’ and from high obstructions”

It is probable that the travelling public also would describe their chief requirement as “a central location and convenient road and rail access”, but when the question of siting is viewed disinterestedly—as it must be by the town planning authority—when account is taken of the probable effect that the Rotor Station, its use and its situation, may have upon the public in general, and on the owners and occupiers of adjacent property in particular—a rather different set of criteria must be considered
Military Aspects of the Transport Helicopter
Authors: Piasecki F N
Published: October 2023

For the second occasion during the 1951/52 session of lectures, this Association has been honoured by the presence of an eminent member of the United States aircraft industry, since this evening we have Mr FRANK PIASECKI as our lecturer

You all know Mr PIASECKI very well by name In 1940 he founded an engineering group known as the P V Engineering Forum This later became the Piasecki Helicopter Corporation, and today he is Chairman of the Board of Directors In 1943 the first single rotor helicopter designed by that small band of people emerged, it was the PV2, and was flown successfully by Mr PIASECKI himself Quick to appreciate the military possibilities of a helicopter capable of carrying a large load and with ample cabin space, he initiated and led the development of the big PV-3 tandemrotor helicopter, and the United States Navy, recognising the merits of the design, awarded a contract for the supply of a quantity of machines of this type
Helicopter Research: a review of outstanding problems together with an account of some recent work at A & A A E
Authors: O'Hara F
Published: October 2023

In the first part of the paper a brief review is made of major items for research in the helicopter field, the subjects touched on including rotor aerodynamics, stability and control, evaluation of configurations, vibrations and fatigue, and operational aspects An outline is given, in the section on stability and control, of work being done at A & A E E in connection with the assessment of the longitudinal handling characteristics of helicopters The second part of the paper contains an account of recent work at A & A E E on the low speed and take-off performance of a helicopter An empirical method of low speed performance estimation is described, and the variation with wind speed of the ground effect on a rotor is discussed theoretically and on the basis of experimental results A theoretical analysis of the forward take-off motion of a helicopter is briefly presented, and the final section is concerned with the performance of a multi-engine helicopter in the event of failure of one engine, with particular reference to the possibility of safe operation from the type of site proposed for civil use
An Analysis of Present-Day Helicopter Maintenance
Authors: Swain F. L.
Published: October 2023

In preparing this paper it was obvious to the writer, from a perusal of the titles of the other papers arranged for this meeting, that some of the subjects discussed will have been dealt with in some measure by previous speakers, as this paper also deals with the Westland-Sikorsky S-51 helicopter. Where such repetition occurs the writer tenders his apologies.

The Westland Sikorsky helicopter is well known in this country through its commercial activities over the past three years, and more recently its application to the Navy and R.A.F., whilst its American opposite, the Sikorsky S-51, has accumulated many thousands of flying hours to its credit, proving that the design has dependability and adaptability for the many roles of operation it has to meet. A close liaison between the American and British makers ensures the best possible service to all its operators.

The Westland-Sikorsky S-51 inherits to a large degree the same qualities as the American model, and in discussing its maintenance many of the practices used are common to both models.
Conduit Processes at the Haukadalur Geyser‐Hosting Hydrothermal Field (Iceland) Revealed by In Situ Temperature and High‐Speed Camera Measurements
Authors: Collignon Marine , Pioli Laura , Trippanera Daniele , Carrier Aurore , Lupi Matteo
Published: October 2023

Geysers fascinate scientists and visitors for several centuries. However, many driving mechanisms such as heat transfer in the conduit and in the subsurface remain poorly understood. We document for the first time transient temperature variations inside the active Strokkur's and nearby quasi‐dormant Great Geysir's conduits, Iceland. While recording temperature inside the conduit, we visually monitored Strokkur's activity at the vent with a high‐speed camera, providing a high temporal resolution of the eruptions. Our results reveal heat transfer from a bubble trap to and through the conduit. We propose a model for the eruptive cycle of Strokkur that includes vapor slug rise, eruption, and conduit refill. Each water jet of an eruption is marked by an initial pulse of liquid water and vapor, emitted at a velocity between 5 and 28 m/s and generally followed by a second pulse less than a second later. The timing of eruptions coincides with temperature maxima in the conduit. After the eruption, the conduit is refilled by water falling back in the pool and drained from neighboring groundwater‐saturated geological units. This results in a temperature drop, the amplitude of which increases with depth while its period is reduced. This reflects faster heat transfer in the deeper than shallower part of the conduit. The amplitude of temperature drop following an eruption also increases with the eruption order, implying larger heat release by higher‐order eruptions. Temperature in the conduit subsequently increases until the next eruption, starting then a new cycle.
Ham Radios Crowdsourced Ionospheric Science During Eclipse
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: October 2023

Amateur radio operators who study space physics and the upper atmosphere probed the ionosphere’s response to the 2023 annular solar eclipse using shortwave transmissions.
A Signature‐Based Hydrologic Efficiency Metric for Model Calibration and Evaluation in Gauged and Ungauged Catchments
Authors: Kiraz Melike , Coxon Gemma , Wagener Thorsten
Published: October 2023

Rainfall‐runoff models are commonly evaluated against statistical evaluation metrics. However, these metrics do not provide much insight into what is hydrologically wrong if a model fails to simulate observed streamflow well and they are also not applicable for ungauged catchments. Here, we propose a signature‐based hydrologic efficiency (SHE) metric by replacing the statistical components of current efficiency metrics with hydrologic signatures that can be regionalized for model evaluation in ungauged catchments. We test our new efficiency metric across 633 catchments from Great Britain. Strong correlations with Spearman rank and Pearson correlation values around 0.8 are found between our proposed metric and commonly used statistical evaluation metrics (NSE, KGE, and NP) demonstrating that the proposed SHE metric is related to existing metrics as much as these metrics are related to each other. For ungauged catchments, we regionalize the three signatures included in SHE and find that 78% of catchments have an absolute difference of SHE values between gauged and ungauged cases of less than 0.2. This difference varies depending on the quality of the regionalized bias and variance signature values. It means that the SHE metric is applicable for model evaluation in ungauged catchments if its signatures can be regionalized well. When applying the SHE metric in other domains with different hydrologic properties, modellers should carefully consider the components of the proposed metric with signatures best suited to their research domains and their regionalization potential.
A new approach to quantify visceral fat via bioelectrical impedance analysis and ultrasound compared to MRI
Authors: Hoffmann Jana , Thiele Jens , Kwast Stefan , Borger Michael Andrew , Schröter Thomas , Schmidt Jochen , Busse Martin
Published: October 2023

Background

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been linked to systemic proinflammatory characteristics, and measuring it accurately usually requires sophisticated instruments. This study aimed to estimate VAT applying a simpler method that uses total subcutaneous fat and total body fat (BF) measurements.

Method

As part of our experimental approach, the subcutaneous fat mass (SFT) was measured via US (SFTtotal), and VAT was quantified by assessing MRI data. Both parameters were added to obtain total body fat (BFcalc). Those results were then compared to values obtained from a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BFBIA). Multiple regression analyses were employed to develop a simplified sex-specific equation for SFT, which was subsequently used in conjunction with BFBIA to determine VAT (VATEq).

Result

We observed excellent reliability between BFBIA and BFcalc, with no significant difference in body fat values (20.98 ± 8.36 kg vs. 21.08 ± 8.81 kg, p = 0.798, ICC 0.948). VATEq_female/male revealed excellent reliability when compared to VATMRI, and no significant difference appeared (women: 0.03 ± 0.66 kg with a 95% CI ranging from −1.26 kg to 1.32 kg, p = 0.815, ICC: 0.955.; men: −0.01 ± 0.85 kg with a 95% CI ranging from −1.69 kg to 1.66 kg, p = 0.925, ICC: 0.952).

Conclusion

Taking an experimental approach, VAT can be determined without MRI.
SET-PP2A complex as a new therapeutic target in KMT2A (MLL) rearranged AML
Authors: Di Mambro Antonella , Arroyo-Berdugo Yoana , Fioretti Tiziana , Randles Michael , Cozzuto Luca , Rajeeve Vinothini , Cevenini Armando , Austin Michael J. , Esposito Gabriella , Ponomarenko Julia , Lucas Claire M. , Cutillas Pedro , Gribben John , Williams Owen , Calle Yolanda , Patel Bela , Esposito Maria Teresa
Published: October 2023

KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-R) is an aggressive and chemo-refractory acute leukemia which mostly affects children. Transcriptomics-based characterization and chemical interrogation identified kinases as key drivers of survival and drug resistance in KMT2A-R leukemia. In contrast, the contribution and regulation of phosphatases is unknown. In this study we uncover the essential role and underlying mechanisms of SET, the endogenous inhibitor of Ser/Thr phosphatase PP2A, in KMT2A-R-leukemia. Investigation of SET expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples demonstrated that SET is overexpressed, and elevated expression of SET is correlated with poor prognosis and with the expression of MEIS and HOXA genes in AML patients. Silencing SET specifically abolished the clonogenic ability of KMT2A-R leukemic cells and the transcription of KMT2A targets genes HOXA9 and HOXA10. Subsequent mechanistic investigations showed that SET interacts with both KMT2A wild type and fusion proteins, and it is recruited to the HOXA10 promoter. Pharmacological inhibition of SET by FTY720 disrupted SET-PP2A interaction leading to cell cycle arrest and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in KMT2A-R-leukemic models. Phospho-proteomic analyses revealed that FTY720 reduced the activity of kinases regulated by PP2A, including ERK1, GSK3β, AURB and PLK1 and led to suppression of MYC, supporting the hypothesis of a feedback loop among PP2A, AURB, PLK1, MYC, and SET. Our findings illustrate that SET is a novel player in KMT2A-R leukemia and they provide evidence that SET antagonism could serve as a novel strategy to treat this aggressive leukemia.
Amino acid auxotrophies in human gut bacteria are linked to higher microbiome diversity and long-term stability
Authors: Starke Svenja , Harris Danielle M M , Zimmermann Johannes , Schuchardt Sven , Oumari Mhmd , Frank Derk , Bang Corinna , Rosenstiel Philip , Schreiber Stefan , Frey Norbert , Franke Andre , Aden Konrad , Waschina Silvio
Published: October 2023

Amino acid auxotrophies are prevalent among bacteria. They can govern ecological dynamics in microbial communities and indicate metabolic cross-feeding interactions among coexisting genotypes. Despite the ecological importance of auxotrophies, their distribution and impact on the diversity and function of the human gut microbiome remain poorly understood. This study performed the first systematic analysis of the distribution of amino acid auxotrophies in the human gut microbiome using a combined metabolomic, metagenomic, and metabolic modeling approach. Results showed that amino acid auxotrophies are ubiquitous in the colon microbiome, with tryptophan auxotrophy being the most common. Auxotrophy frequencies were higher for those amino acids that are also essential to the human host. Moreover, a higher overall abundance of auxotrophies was associated with greater microbiome diversity and stability, and the distribution of auxotrophs was found to be related to the human host’s metabolome, including trimethylamine oxide, small aromatic acids, and secondary bile acids. Thus, our results suggest that amino acid auxotrophies are important factors contributing to microbiome ecology and host-microbiome metabolic interactions.
Chronic administration of XBD173 ameliorates cognitive deficits and neuropathology via 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Pradhan Arpit Kumar , Neumüller Tatjana , Klug Claudia , Fuchs Severin , Schlegel Martin , Ballmann Markus , Tartler Katharina Johanna , Pianos Antoine , Garcia Maria Sanchez , Liere Philippe , Schumacher Michael , Kreuzer Matthias , Rupprecht Rainer , Rammes Gerhard
Published: October 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). It affects cognition and leads to memory impairment. The mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) plays an essential role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and has been implicated in several neuronal disorders or neuronal injuries. Ligands targeting the mitochondrial translocator protein (18 kDa), promote neurosteroidogenesis and may be neuroprotective. To study whether the TSPO ligand XBD173 may exert early neuroprotective effects in AD pathology we investigated the impact of XBD173 on amyloid toxicity and neuroplasticity in mouse models of AD. We show that XBD173 (emapunil), via neurosteroid-mediated signaling and delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors, prevents the neurotoxic effect of Aβ on long-term potentiation (CA1-LTP) in the hippocampus and prevents the loss of spines. Chronic but not acute administration of XBD173 ameliorates spatial learning deficits in transgenic AD mice with arctic mutation (ArcAβ). The heterozygous TSPO-knockout crossed with the transgenic arctic mutation model of AD mice (het TSPOKO X ArcAβ) treated with XBD173 does not show this improvement in spatial learning suggesting TSPO is needed for procognitive effects of XBD173. The neuroprotective profile of XBD173 in AD pathology is further supported by a reduction in plaques and soluble Aβ levels in the cortex, increased synthesis of neurosteroids, rescued spine density, reduction of complement protein C1q deposits, and reduced astrocytic phagocytosis of functional synapses both in the hippocampus and cortex. Our findings suggest that XBD173 may exert therapeutic effects via TSPO in a mouse model of AD.
Restoratively driven planning for implants in the posterior maxilla - Part 1: alveolar bone healing, bone assessment and clinical classifications
Authors: M. King Elizabeth , Schofield Jonathon
Published: October 2023

Sinus augmentation in conjunction with implant placement is widely considered to be a predictable and successful treatment option for the edentulous posterior maxilla. However, the anatomical changes of the posterior maxilla following tooth extraction (namely alveolar atrophy and pneumatisation of the maxillary sinus) creates unique challenges for implant and prosthodontic rehabilitation. A large volume of literature has been published regarding the surgical indications and treatment planning for implants in the posterior maxilla. In comparison, there is a relative paucity of literature regarding the prosthodontic challenges associated with implants placed in augmented maxillary sinuses. This article describes the scientific background of native and grafted alveolar bone healing in relation to implant rehabilitation. Furthermore, clinical classifications available to assist implant treatment planning are described.
Body composition and cancer survival: a narrative review
Authors: Bradshaw Patrick T.
Published: October 2023

Interest in understanding the relationship between body composition and cancer survival has remained strong for decades, with a number of recent systematic reviews on the topic. However, the current state of evidence is based on heterogeneous exposure definitions based on anthropometry, yielding inconsistent findings with regard to this association. Recently the field has taken an exciting direction with the application of radiological assessments to measure specific aspects of body composition, yet reconciliation of findings from these modern assessment tools with those from the historic use of anthropometric data proves challenging. In this paper, I briefly review the biological basis for a link between body composition and cancer survival and summarize the epidemiological evidence with consideration to specific exposure measures. As enthusiasm is building around novel assessments, I conclude with a discussion of issues that researchers should be aware of when interpreting results from these new modalities.
The puzzle of plant hybridisation: a high propensity to hybridise but few hybrid zones reported
Authors: Nieto Feliner Gonzalo , Criado Ruiz David , Álvarez Inés , Villa-Machío Irene
Published: October 2023

An interesting conundrum was recently revealed by R. Abbott when he found that the number of hybrid zones reported in the literature for plants is very low, given the propensity of plants to hybridise. In another literature survey on hybrid zones performed over the period 1970–2022, we found that the number of hybrid zones reported for vertebrates was 2.3 times greater than that reported for vascular plants, even though there are about six times more vascular plant species than vertebrates. Looking at the number of papers reporting hybrid zones, there are 4.9 times more on vertebrates than on vascular plants. These figures support the relevance of this conundrum. In this paper we aim to shed light on this question by providing a structured discussion of the causes that may underlie this conundrum. We propose six non-mutually exclusive factors, namely lack or deficit of spatial structure, lack or deficit of genetic structure, effects of hybridisation between non-closely related species, lability of plant hybrid zones over time, botanists’ perception of hybridisation, and deficit of population genetic data. There does not appear to be a single factor that explains our puzzle, which applies to all cases of plants where hybridisation is detected but no hybrid zone is reported. It is argued that some plant features suggest that the puzzle is not, at least entirely, due to insufficient knowledge of the specific cases, a hypothesis that should be addressed with a wider range of empirical data across different taxonomic groups.
Multivalent Tau/PSD-95 interactions arrest in vitro condensates and clusters mimicking the postsynaptic density
Authors: Shen Zheng , Sun Daxiao , Savastano Adriana , Varga Sára Joana , Cima-Omori Maria-Sol , Becker Stefan , Honigmann Alf , Zweckstetter Markus
Published: October 2023

Alzheimer’s disease begins with mild memory loss and slowly destroys memory and thinking. Cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease has been associated with the localization of the microtubule-associated protein Tau at the postsynapse. However, the correlation between Tau at the postsynapse and synaptic dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we show that Tau arrests liquid-like droplets formed by the four postsynaptic density proteins PSD-95, GKAP, Shank, Homer in solution, as well as NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate)-receptor-associated protein clusters on synthetic membranes. Tau-mediated condensate/cluster arrest critically depends on the binding of multiple interaction motifs of Tau to a canonical GMP-binding pocket in the guanylate kinase domain of PSD-95. We further reveal that competitive binding of a high-affinity phosphorylated peptide to PSD-95 rescues the diffusional dynamics of an NMDA truncated construct, which contains the last five amino acids of the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B fused to the C-terminus of the tetrameric GCN4 coiled-coil domain, in postsynaptic density-like condensates/clusters. Taken together, our findings propose a molecular mechanism where Tau modulates the dynamic properties of the postsynaptic density.
Continuous electroproduction of formate via CO2 reduction on local symmetry-broken single-atom catalysts
Authors: Dong Juncai , Liu Yangyang , Pei Jiajing , Li Haijing , Ji Shufang , Shi Lei , Zhang Yaning , Li Can , Tang Cheng , Liao Jiangwen , Xu Shiqing , Zhang Huabin , Li Qi , Zhao Shenlong
Published: October 2023

Atomic-level coordination engineering is an efficient strategy for tuning the catalytic performance of single-atom catalysts (SACs). However, their rational design has so far been plagued by the lack of a universal correlation between the coordination symmetry and catalytic properties. Herein, we synthesised planar-symmetry-broken CuN3 (PSB-CuN3) SACs through microwave heating for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Remarkably, the as-prepared catalysts exhibited a selectivity of 94.3% towards formate at −0.73 V vs. RHE, surpassing the symmetrical CuN4 catalyst (72.4% at −0.93 V vs. RHE). In a flow cell equipped with a PSB-CuN3 electrode, over 90% formate selectivity was maintained at an average current density of 94.4 mA cm−2 during 100 h operation. By combining definitive structural identification with operando X-ray spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, we revealed that the intrinsic local symmetry breaking from planar D4h configuration induces an unconventional dsp hybridisation, and thus a strong correlation between the catalytic activity and microenvironment of metal centre (i.e., coordination number and distortion), with high preference for formate production in CuN3 moiety. The finding opens an avenue for designing efficient SACs with specific local symmetries for selective electrocatalysis.
Boosting reactivity of water-gas shift reaction by synergistic function over CeO2-x/CoO1-x/Co dual interfacial structures
Authors: Fu Xin-Pu , Wu Cui-Ping , Wang Wei-Wei , Jin Zhao , Liu Jin-Cheng , Ma Chao , Jia Chun-Jiang
Published: October 2023

Dual-interfacial structure within catalysts is capable of mitigating the detrimentally completive adsorption during the catalysis process, but its construction strategy and mechanism understanding remain vastly lacking. Here, a highly active dual-interfaces of CeO2-x/CoO1-x/Co is constructed using the pronounced interfacial interaction from surrounding small CeO2-x islets, which shows high activity in catalyzing the water-gas shift reaction. Kinetic evidence and in-situ characterization results revealed that CeO2-x modulates the oxidized state of Co species and consequently generates the dual active CeO2-x/CoO1-x/Co interface during the WGS reaction. A synergistic redox mechanism comprised of independent contribution from dual functional interfaces, including CeO2-x/CoO1-x and CoO1-x/Co, is authenticated by experimental and theoretical results, where the CeO2-x/CoO1-x interface alleviates the CO poison effect, and the CoO1-x/Co interface promotes the H2 formation. The results may provide guidance for fabricating dual-interfacial structures within catalysts and shed light on the mechanism over multi-component catalyst systems.
A Rift Valley fever mRNA vaccine elicits strong immune responses in mice and rhesus macaques
Authors: Bian Ting , Hao Meng , Zhao Xiaofan , Zhao Chuanyi , Luo Gang , Zhang Zhendong , Fu Guangcheng , Yang Lu , Chen Yi , Wang Yudong , Yu Changming , Yang Yilong , Li Jianmin , Chen Wei
Published: October 2023

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is listed as a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) because it causes serious and fatal disease in humans, and there are currently no effective countermeasures. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a safe and efficacious vaccine. Here, we developed six nucleotide-modified mRNA vaccines encoding different regions of the Gn and Gc proteins of RVFV encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles, compared their ability to induce immune responses in mice and found that mRNA vaccine encoding the full-length Gn and Gc proteins had the strongest ability to induce cellular and humoral immune responses. IFNAR(−/−) mice vaccinated with mRNA-GnGc were protected from lethal RVFV challenge. In addition, mRNA-GnGc induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and cellular responses in rhesus macaques, as well as antigen-specific memory B cells. These data demonstrated that mRNA-GnGc is a potent and promising vaccine candidate for RVFV.
A fast and fully automated system for glaucoma detection using color fundus photographs
Authors: Saha Sajib , Vignarajan Janardhan , Frost Shaun
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a low computationally intensive and memory efficient convolutional neural network (CNN)-based fully automated system for detection of glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Using color fundus photographs, the system detects glaucoma in two steps. In the first step, the optic disc region is determined relying upon You Only Look Once (YOLO) CNN architecture. In the second step classification of ‘glaucomatous’ and ‘non-glaucomatous’ is performed using MobileNet architecture. A simplified version of the original YOLO net, specific to the context, is also proposed. Extensive experiments are conducted using seven state-of-the-art CNNs with varying computational intensity, namely, MobileNetV2, MobileNetV3, Custom ResNet, InceptionV3, ResNet50, 18-Layer CNN and InceptionResNetV2. A total of 6671 fundus images collected from seven publicly available glaucoma datasets are used for the experiment. The system achieves an accuracy and F1 score of 97.4% and 97.3%, with sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of respectively 97.5%, 97.2%, 99.3%. These findings are comparable with the best reported methods in the literature. With comparable or better performance, the proposed system produces significantly faster decisions and drastically minimizes the resource requirement. For example, the proposed system requires 12 times less memory in comparison to ResNes50, and produces 2 times faster decisions. With significantly less memory efficient and faster processing, the proposed system has the capability to be directly embedded into resource limited devices such as portable fundus cameras.
SCAPS study on the effect of various hole transport layer on highly efficient 31.86% eco-friendly CZTS based solar cell
Authors: Ranjan Rahutosh , Anand Nikhil , Tripathi Manish Nath , Srivastava Neelabh , Sharma Arvind Kumar , Yoshimura Masamichi , Chang Li , Tiwari Rajanish N.
Published: October 2023

Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS) is a propitious semiconductor for active absorber material in thin-film solar cells (SCs). Here, SC architecture comprising FTO/ZnS/CZTS/variable HTLs/Au is discussed. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and gold (Au) are used as front and back contacts, respectively. Zinc sulphide (ZnS) is used as an active electron transport layer (ETL), while different Cu-based materials (Cu2O, CuO, CuI, and CuSCN) are used as hole transport layers (HTL). A one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) is utilized to simulate the SC structure. Among different Cu-based HTLs, Cu2O is preferred as a potential candidate for high cell performance of CZTS-based SC. The effects of various layer parameters such as thickness, doping density, and carrier concentrations, electron affinity of HTL and absorber, respectively, are also discussed. After optimization of the device, variation of operating temperature and the effect of series and shunt resistance are also taken into consideration. The optimized results of thickness and acceptor concentration (NA) of absorber material are 1.5 µm and approx. 1.0 × 1019 cm−3, respectively. In addition, the function of HTL (with and without) in the designed SC structure is also studied. Capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics are also discussed to get an insight of built-in potential. We have achieved cell performances viz. efficiency = 31.86%, short circuit current density = 32.05 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage = 1.19 V, and fill factor = 83.37%.
Principal component analysis on twenty years (2000–2020) of geochemical and geophysical observations at Campi Flegrei active caldera
Authors: Petrillo Zaccaria , Tripaldi Simona , Mangiacapra Annarita , Scippacercola Sergio , Caliro Stefano , Chiodini Giovanni
Published: October 2023

Campi Flegrei (CF) is an active and densely populated caldera in Southern Italy, which has manifested signs of significant unrest in the last 50 years. Due to the high volcanic risk, monitoring networks of the most sensitive unrest indicators have been implemented and improved over time. Precious database constituted by geophysical and geochemical data allowed the study of the caldera unrest phases. In this paper we retrace the caldera history in the time span 2000–2020 by analyzing displacement, seismicity and geochemical time series in a unified framework. To this end, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was firstly applied only on geochemical data because of their compositional nature. The retrieved first three components were successively analyzed via PCA together with the geophysical and thermodynamical variables. Our results suggest that three independent processes relay on geochemical observations: a heating/pressurizing of the hydrothermal system, a process related to magmatic fluids injection at the hydrothermal system roots, and third process probably connected with a deeper magmatic dynamic. The actual volcano alert state seems mainly linked to the variation of the hydrothermal system activity. Our approach made it possible to explore the interrelation among observations of different nature highlighting the importance of the relative driving processes over time.
Advanced deep learning techniques for early disease prediction in cauliflower plants
Authors: Kanna G. Prabu , Kumar S. J. K. Jagadeesh , Kumar Yogesh , Changela Ankur , Woźniak Marcin , Shafi Jana , Ijaz Muhammad Fazal
Published: October 2023

Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the economies of developing countries by providing livelihoods, sustenance, and employment opportunities in rural areas. However, crop diseases pose a significant threat to both farmers’ incomes and food security. Furthermore, these diseases also show adverse effects on human health by causing various illnesses. Till date, only a limited number of studies have been conducted to identify and classify diseased cauliflower plants but they also face certain challenges such as insufficient disease surveillance mechanisms, the lack of comprehensive datasets that are properly labelled as well as are of high quality, and the considerable computational resources that are necessary for conducting thorough analysis. In view of the aforementioned challenges, the primary objective of this manuscript is to tackle these significant concerns and enhance understanding regarding the significance of cauliflower disease identification and detection in rural agriculture through the use of advanced deep transfer learning techniques. The work is conducted on the four classes of cauliflower diseases i.e. Bacterial spot rot, Black rot, Downy Mildew, and No disease which are taken from VegNet dataset. Ten deep transfer learning models such as EfficientNetB0, Xception, EfficientNetB1, MobileNetV2, EfficientNetB2, DenseNet201, EfficientNetB3, InceptionResNetV2, EfficientNetB4, and ResNet152V2, are trained and examined on the basis of root mean square error, recall, precision, F1-score, accuracy, and loss. Remarkably, EfficientNetB1 achieved the highest validation accuracy (99.90%), lowest loss (0.16), and root mean square error (0.40) during experimentation. It has been observed that our research highlights the critical role of advanced CNN models in automating cauliflower disease detection and classification and such models can lead to robust applications for cauliflower disease management in agriculture, ultimately benefiting both farmers and consumers.
Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the mechanism of easy acceptance of artificial pelleted diets during food habit domestication in Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Du Jinxing , Shao Jiaqi , Li Shengjie , Zhu Tao , Song Hongmei , Lei Caixia , Zhang Meng , Cen Yingkun
Published: October 2023

Acceptance of artificial pelleted diets contributes to increasing the cultured areas and output of carnivorous fish. However, the mechanism of acceptance of artificial pelleted diets remains largely unknown. In this study, the easy acceptance of artificial pelleted diets (EAD) group and the not easy acceptance of artificial pelleted diets (NAD) group of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were divided based on the ratios of stomach weight/body weight (SB) after 0.5 h feeding, which was bigger than 18% in the EAD group and ranged from 8 to 12% in the NAD group. Through transcriptome and proteome sequencing, a total of 2463 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 230 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, respectively. Integrated analyses of transcriptome and proteome data revealed that 152 DEPs were matched with the corresponding DEGs (named co-DEGs-DEPs), and 54 co-DEGs-DEPs were enriched in 16 KEGG pathways, including the metabolic pathways, steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, etc. Furthermore, 3 terpenoid backbone biosynthesis-related genes (Hmgcr, Hmgcs, and Fdps) in metabolic pathways, 10 steroid biosynthesis-related genes (Fdft1, Sqle, Lss, Cyp51a1, Tm7sf2, Nsdhl, Hsd17b7, Dhcr24, Sc5d, and Dhcr7), and 3 fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes (Acaca, Fasn, and Ascl) were all up-regulated in the EAD group, suggesting that the lipid metabolism pathway and steroid biosynthesis pathway play important roles in early food habit domestication in Largemouth bass. In addition, the detection results of randomly selected 15 DEGs and 15 DEPs indicated that both transcriptome and proteome results in the study were reliable. Our study provides useful information for further research on the mechanisms of food habit domestication in fish.
Gender versus sex in predicting outcomes of traumatic brain injury: a cohort study utilizing large administrative databases
Authors: Teterina Anastasia , Zulbayar Suvd , Mollayeva Tatyana , Chan Vincy , Colantonio Angela , Escobar Michael
Published: October 2023

Understanding the factors associated with elevated risks and adverse consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an integral part of developing preventive measures for TBI. Brain injury outcomes differ based on one’s sex (biological characteristics) and gender (social characteristics reflecting norms and relationships), however, whether it is sex or gender that drives differences in early (30-day) mortality and discharge location post-TBI is not well understood. In the absence of a gender variable in existing data, we developed a method for “measuring gender” in 276,812 residents of Ontario, Canada who entered the emergency department and acute care hospitals with a TBI diagnostic code between April 1st, 2002, and March 31st, 2020. We applied logistic regression to analyse differences in diagnostic codes between the sexes and to derive a gender score that reflected social dimensions. We used the derived gender score along with a sex variable to demonstrate how it can be used to separate the relationship between sex, gender and TBI outcomes after severe TBI. Sex had a significant effect on early mortality after severe TBI with a rate ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 1.54 (1.24–1.91). Gender had a more significant effect than sex on discharge location. A person expressing more “woman-like” characteristics had lower odds of being discharged to rehabilitation versus home with odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.54 (0.32–0.88). The method we propose offers an opportunity to measure a gender effect independently of sex on TBI outcomes.
Natural course of perianal abscess in infants: a real-world study
Authors: Yin Wanbin , Li Yansen , Zhang Jingfeng , Jiao Yang , Pei Wenju , Xu Xiangjun , Fan Mingfeng , Xu Juan , Zhou Yue , Wang Shuai , Wei Yanhua
Published: October 2023

Natural course of perianal abscess (PA) in infancy remains obscure. This study aimed to investigate the natural course of infants with PA after conservative treatment. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in infants with PA who were treated conservatively (due to the parents’ refusal of surgery), for more than 2 months between 2014 and 2020 at a single tertiary center. 153 patients (149 boys and 4 girls) were identified. The median follow-up was 5.3 years (range 3–8.2 years). Initially, 119 patients (77.8%) were completely cured by conservative treatment, and 34 (22.2%) failed. Among the 34 patients, 23 continued conservative treatment (20 cure, 3 fistula formation) and 11 underwent surgery. After conservative treatment, the rate of fistula formation, abscess recurrence, and new-onset abscess were 15.0%, 4.6%, and 6.5%, respectively. Overall, 139 patients (90.8%) were cured conservatively without surgery, and 11 (7.2%) underwent surgical management. In addition, 3 (2.0%) patients developed fistula-in-ano (under observation). PA in infants may be a time-limited and self-limited condition. Conservative management should be the first choice of treatment in most cases. Longer periods of conservative treatment may achieve better clinical outcomes in selected cases. There will be a percentage of patients (about 10%) that would require surgical treatment.