bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographical Indications and Transatlantic Trade Negotiations: Different US and EU Perspectives
Authors: Mancini Maria Cecilia , Arfini Filippo , Veneziani Mario , Thévenod‐Mottet Erik
Published: July 2016

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are an important issue in the negotiations between the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) for a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) currently underway. However, Geographical Indications (GIs) are one of the most disputed topics because, for decades, the US and the EU have each led one of two seemingly irreconcilable camps on how to address the protection of GIs at the international level. Agreeing on GIs protection in international trade raises important issues related to four dimensions of the GI system, which are likely to become ever more relevant as the TTIP negotiations proceed: i) legal and institutional protection; ii) domestic and international trade; iii) rural/local development and sustainability; and iv) consumers, quality and food safety. Although important, GIs represent only one of the many chapters of the TTIP, and it is in the nature of such agreements that the final text will be the outcome of numerous compromises. To date, the details of the negotiations in the public domain are scant and only in the next few months will we discover whether the protection of GIs in TTIP is a mission possible or will remain an illusory hope.
Primary pulmonary angiosarcoma: Three case reports and literature review
Authors: Ren Yanhong , Zhu Min , Liu Yan , Diao Xiaoli , Zhang Yuhui
Published: July 2016

Primary pulmonary angiosarcoma is a rare type of malignant vascular tumor with a very aggressive clinical course and a grim prognosis. To date, only a handful of cases have been reported in English literature. Its rarity and consequent low index of suspicion makes clinical diagnosis difficult. In this report we present three cases of primary pulmonary angiosarcoma with cough, hemoptysis, and progressive dyspnea to contribute to the sparse literature on this disease. A review is made of previous reports of primary pulmonary angiosarcomas, and the clinical characteristics, diagnosed method, treatment options, and prognosis of pulmonary angiosarcoma are also discussed.
Illegal but licit: Migrant mobility and the negotiation of legality in the northeast Thai–Lao borderlands
Authors: Rungmanee Soimart
Published: July 2016

Based on research in a border village in Northeast Thailand and two villages in Laos, this paper discusses how formal regulations on cross‐border migration are negotiated, such that the practice becomes socially acceptable amongst receiving communities. This paper focuses on the border‐crossing experiences of Lao migrants to argue that regulations governing the Thai–Lao borders have been circumvented in response to labour demands in the Thai borderlands and mutual interest between local state officials and borderlanders. It is illegal for undocumented migrants to cross the Mekong to work in the farms along the Northeast Thai–Lao borderlands, but the practice has become socially acceptable. This licit status helps Lao migrants to navigate local state authorities, who are also involved in local social relations.The importance of local social relations is emphasised by differences in cross border‐migration between jobs in agriculture and jobs in service industries. In urban settings, migrants do not participate in local social relations to the same extent. Consequently, they are viewed as illicit, as well as illegal. While acknowledging the ongoing legal constraints on migrants and their movements, this paper seeks to provide an understanding of how state authority in the border regions is mediated by enduring social relations that create a legitimate space for informal and mutually beneficial actions.
Magnetic susceptibility as a possible correlation tool in Quaternary alluvial stratigraphy
Authors: Püspöki Zoltán , Kovács István J. , Fancsik Tamás , Nádor Annamária , Thamó‐Bozsó Edit , Tóth‐Makk Ágnes , Udvardi Beatrix , Kónya Péter , Füri Judit , Bendő Zsolt , Zilahi‐Sebess László , Stercel Ferenc , Gulyás Ágnes , Mcintosh Richard W.
Published: July 2016

Correlation of the fluvial magnetic susceptibility (MS) record of borehole Devavanya‐1 in the Körös Basin (eastern Hungary) with Chinese aeolian MS records (Jingbian, Lingtai) and the marine δ18O record from the Equatorial Pacific (V28‐239) is established here based on cross‐correlations and singular spectral analysis. A basin‐scale well‐to‐well correlation based on magnetic susceptibility records was also performed involving unpublished cores. To refine the age model, a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted using the Chinese Jingbian section as a tuning target. Spectral analysis of the tuned record revealed c. 400, c. 100 and c. 41 ka cycles over the 2.5 million years of the Quaternary fluvial succession. To ensure a complementary palaeoclimate proxy, the full width at half maximum of smectites was measured as a facies‐independent indicator of weathering intensity. This investigation was carried out on a subset of samples involved in MS measurements representing a c. 400 ka time interval across the top of the Olduvai subchron. A phase‐shift between MS and weathering intensity recorded in the clay mineralogy indicates different response times of the considered proxies. The fluvial MS record is determined by the climatic control on delivery and preservation of magnetic minerals, mainly of magnetite. Under cold‐and‐dry climate these minerals were released owing to frost shattering in the adjacent hinterlands and were transported to alluvial plains in the early postglacial periods thanks to the increasing discharge of rivers. With further warming the weathering‐sensitive magnetic minerals soon disappeared from the soils of the catchment area and thus from the fluvial load. As a result, in fluvial successions early postglacial warmings are expressed by the occurrences of MS maxima (magnetic episodes), while the palaeotemperature maximum and the subsequent cooling remain concealed within the tract of low MS values. The early postglacial magnetic episodes may serve as ideal stratigraphical markers in regional and global correlations.
Museums: Fostering a Culture of ‘Flourishing’
Authors: Worts Douglas
Published: July 2016

This forum presents a personal view from a museum professional of the museum field's stake in the sustainability movement. The author takes the opportunity of a discussion within a national museum association about the possible implementation of environmental sustainability standards and argues instead for systematically engaging the entire museum field in re‐thinking and restructuring the foundations of culture in our society. The author concludes that sustainability will require rebuilding the foundation blocks of our social and economic structures, both locally and globally, and that museums have the potential to play important roles in facilitating these processes. However, as is the case with all change, new skills will have to be acquired, values will have to be reassessed and priorities will have to be reset. These are the challenges of the 21st century.
Mapping corticospinal tract projection patterns in unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Basu Anna Purna
Published: July 2016

This commentary is on the original article by Kuo et al. on pages 65–71 of this issue.
Acute cognitive impact of antiseizure drugs in naive rodents and corneal‐kindled mice
Authors: Barker‐Haliski Melissa L. , Vanegas Fabiola , Mau Matthew J. , Underwood Tristan K. , White H. Steve
Published: July 2016

Objective

Some antiseizure drugs (ASDs) are associated with cognitive liability in patients with epilepsy, thus ASDs without this risk would be preferred. Little comparative pharmacology exists with ASDs in preclinical models of cognition. Few pharmacologic studies exist on the acute effects in rodents with chronic seizures. Predicting risk for cognitive impact with preclinical models may supply valuable ASD differentiation data.

Methods

ASDs (phenytoin [PHT]; carbamazepine [CBZ]; valproic acid [VPA]; lamotrigine [LTG]; phenobarbital [PB]; tiagabine [TGB]; retigabine [RTG]; topiramate [TPM]; and levetiracetam [LEV]) were administered equivalent to maximal electroshock median effective dose ([ED50]; mice, rats), or median dose necessary to elicit minimal motor impairment (median toxic dose [TD50]; rats). Cognition models with naive adult rodents were novel object/place recognition (NOPR) task with CF‐1 mice, and Morris water maze (MWM) with Sprague‐Dawley rats. Selected ASDs were also administered to rats prior to testing in an open field. The effect of chronic seizures and ASD administration on cognitive performance in NOPR was also determined with corneal‐kindled mice. Mice that did not achieve kindling criterion (partially kindled) were included to examine the effect of electrical stimulation on cognitive performance. Sham‐kindled and age‐matched mice were also tested.

Results

No ASD (ED50) affected latency to locate the MWM platform; TD50 of PB, RTG, TPM, and VPA reduced this latency. In naive mice, CBZ and VPA (ED50) reduced time with the novel object. Of interest, no ASD (ED50) affected performance of fully kindled mice in NOPR, whereas CBZ and LEV improved cognitive performance of partially kindled mice.

Significance

Standardized approaches to the preclinical evaluation of an ASD's potential cognitive impact are needed to inform drug development. This study demonstrated acute, dose‐ and model‐dependent effects of therapeutically relevant doses of ASDs on cognitive performance of naive mice and rats, and corneal‐kindled mice. This study highlights the challenge of predicting clinical adverse effects with preclinical models.
Motive for Killing: What Drives Prey Choice in Wild Predators?
Authors: Machovsky‐Capuska Gabriel E. , Coogan Sean C. P. , Simpson Stephen J. , Raubenheimer David
Published: July 2016

Carnivorous animals are assumed to consume prey to optimise energy intake. Recently, however, studies using Nutritional Geometry (NG) have demonstrated that specific blends of macronutrients (e.g. protein, fat and in some cases carbohydrates), rather than energy per se, drive the food selection and intake of some vertebrate and invertebrate predators in the laboratory. A vital next step is to examine the role of nutrients in the foraging decisions of predators in the wild, but extending NG studies of carnivores from the laboratory to the field presents several challenges. Biologging technology offers a solution for collecting relevant data which when combined with NG will yield new insights into wild predator nutritional ecology.
Perceived Barriers to Postdivorce Coparenting: Differences Between Men and Women and Associations with Coparenting Behaviors
Authors: Russell Luke T. , Beckmeyer Jonathon J. , Coleman Marilyn , Ganong Lawrence
Published: July 2016

Using data from 291 divorced mothers and fathers, we compared their perceptions of how much legal‐financial, time‐logistics, and parental fitness barriers influenced their postdivorce coparenting, and we tested the associations between these barriers to postdivorce coparenting and self‐reported coparenting behaviors. Men perceived greater legal‐financial and time‐logistics barriers to postdivorce coparenting than did women, but no gender differences were found for perceived parental fitness barriers. In hierarchical regression analyses, perceived legal‐financial and parental fitness barriers were associated with mothers' coparenting behaviors; fathers' postdivorce coparenting behaviors were associated only with perceived legal‐financial barriers. Neither men's nor women's postdivorce coparenting behaviors were associated with time‐logistics barriers to postdivorce coparenting. Family professionals could support postdivorce coparents by reframing detrimental perceptions, helping parents navigate economic challenges, and providing resources or counseling for couples experiencing mental health challenges or abuse.
Persistent and pervasive compositional shifts of western boreal forest plots in Canada
Authors: Searle Eric B. , Chen Han Y. H.
Published: July 2016

Species compositional shifts have important consequences to biodiversity and ecosystem function and services to humanity. In boreal forests, compositional shifts from late‐successional conifers to early‐successional conifers and deciduous broadleaves have been postulated based on increased fire frequency associated with climate change truncating stand age‐dependent succession. However, little is known about how climate change has affected forest composition in the background between successive catastrophic fires in boreal forests. Using 1797 permanent sample plots from western boreal forests of Canada measured from 1958 to 2013, we show that after accounting for stand age‐dependent succession, the relative abundances of early‐successional deciduous broadleaves and early‐successional conifers have increased at the expense of late‐successional conifers with climate change. These background compositional shifts are persistent temporally, consistent across all forest stand ages and pervasive spatially across the region. Rising atmospheric CO2 promoted early‐successional conifers and deciduous broadleaves, and warming increased early‐successional conifers at the expense of late‐successional conifers, but compositional shifts were not associated with climate moisture index. Our results emphasize the importance of climate change on background compositional shifts in the boreal forest and suggest further compositional shifts as rising CO2 and warming will continue in the 21st century.
Effect of final irrigation procedures on fracture resistance of root filled teeth: an ex vivo study
Authors: Turk T. , Kaval M. E. , Sarikanat M. , Hülsmann M.
Published: July 2016

Aim

To evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) on fracture resistance of roots treated with different concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

Methodology

One hundred and twenty intact single‐rooted premolar teeth were sectioned below the cementum–enamel junction to standardize the length of the teeth to 12 mm. The canals of one hundred specimens were instrumented with ProTaper Universal rotary instruments up to size F4 and were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20) according to the final irrigating solutions: Group 1: distilled water (DW); Group 2: 5% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl; Group 3: 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl; Group 4: 5% EDTA, 2.5% NaOCl, DW and 2% CHX; Group 5: 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl, DW and 2% CHX. Root canals were filled with gutta‐percha and epoxy resin‐based root canal sealer using a single‐cone technique. Twenty teeth served as negative controls and were not instrumented nor root filled (Group 6). All specimens were embedded in self‐curing acrylic resin and loaded vertically at 0.5 mm min−1 until fracture occurred. The data were evaluated statistically using one‐way anova test followed by Holm–Sidak's multiple comparison test (P < 0.05).

Results

Group 1 (only DW) had the lowest vertical fracture strength, followed by Group 3 (17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl; P < 0.05). Group 6 (negative control group) had the highest fracture resistance. Final irrigation with CHX following irrigation with 17% EDTA or 5% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl (groups 4 and 5) significantly increased the fracture resistance of roots (P < 0.05). However, the difference between Group 4 and Group 5 was not significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Intracanal CHX rinse of EDTA/NaOCl‐treated root dentine enhanced the fracture resistance of roots filled with AH Plus.
Larval sensilla of the moth Heliothis virescens respond to sex pheromone components
Authors: Zielonka M. , Gehrke P. , Badeke E. , Sachse S. , Breer H. , Krieger J.
Published: July 2016

Female‐released sex pheromones orchestrate the mating behaviour of moths. Recent studies have shown that sex pheromones not only attract adult males but also caterpillars. Single sensillum recordings revealed that larval antennal sensilla of the moth Heliothis virescens respond to specific sex pheromone components. In search for the molecular basis of pheromone detection in larvae, we found that olfactory sensilla on the larval antennae are equipped with the same molecular elements that mediate sex pheromone detection in adult male moths, including the Heliothis virescens receptors 6 (HR6) and HR13, as well as sensory neurone membrane protein 1 (SNMP1). Thirty‐eight olfactory sensory neurones were identified in three large sensilla basiconica; six of these are considered as candidate pheromone responsive cells based on the expression of SNMP1. The pheromone receptor HR6 was found to be expressed in two cells and the receptor HR13 in three cells. These putative pheromone responsive neurones were accompanied by cells expressing pheromone‐binding protein 1 (PBP1) and PBP2. The results indicate that the responsiveness of larval sensilla to female‐emitted sex pheromones is based on the same molecular machinery as in the antennae of adult males.
Assessment of antigenic difference of equine influenza virus strains by challenge study in horses
Authors: Yamanaka Takashi , Nemoto Manabu , Bannai Hiroshi , Tsujimura Koji , Kondo Takashi , Matsumura Tomio , Gildea Sarah , Cullinane Ann
Published: July 2016

We previously reported that horse antiserum against the Japanese equine influenza vaccine virus, A/equine/La Plata/1993 (LP93) exhibited reduced cross‐neutralization against some Florida sublineage Clade (Fc) 2 viruses, for example, A/equine/Carlow/2011 (CL11). As a result, Japanese vaccine manufacturers will replace LP93 with A/equine/Yokohama/aq13/2010 (Y10, Fc2). To assess the benefit of updating the vaccine, five horses vaccinated with inactivated Y10 vaccine and five vaccinated with inactivated LP93 were challenged by exposure to a nebulized aerosol of CL11. The durations of pyrexia (≥38.5°C) and other adverse clinical symptoms experienced by the Y10 group were significantly shorter than those of the LP93 group.
Clinical characteristics and factors associated with severe acute respiratory infection and influenza among children in Jingzhou, China
Authors: Huai Yang , Guan Xuhua , Liu Shali , Uyeki Timothy M. , Jiang Hui , Klena John , Huang Jigui , Chen Maoyi , Peng Youxing , Yang Hui , Luo Jun , Zheng Jiandong , Peng Zhibin , Huo Xixiang , Xiao Lin , Chen Hui , Zhang Yuzhi , Xing Xuesen , Feng Luzhao , Hu Dale J. , Yu Hongjie , Zhan Faxian , Varma Jay K.
Published: July 2016

Background

Influenza is an important cause of respiratory illness in children, but data are limited on hospitalized children with laboratory‐confirmed influenza in China.

Methods

We conducted active surveillance for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI; fever and at least one sign or symptom of acute respiratory illness) among hospitalized pediatric patients in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, from April 2010 to April 2012. Data were collected from enrolled SARI patients on demographics, underlying health conditions, clinical course of illness, and outcomes. Nasal swabs were collected and tested for influenza viruses by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We described the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with influenza and analyzed the association between potential risk factors and SARI patients with influenza.

Results

During the study period, 15 354 children aged <15 years with signs and symptoms of SARI were enrolled at hospital admission. severe acute respiratory infection patients aged 5–15 years with confirmed influenza (H3N2) infection were more likely than children without influenza to have radiographic diagnosis of pneumonia (11/31, 36% vs 15/105, 14%. P<.05). Only 16% (1116/7145) of enrolled patients had received seasonal trivalent influenza vaccination within 12 months of hospital admission. Non‐vaccinated influenza cases were more likely than vaccinated influenza cases to have pneumonia (31/133, 23% vs 37/256, 15%, P<.05). severe acute respiratory infection cases aged 5–15 years diagnosed with influenza were also more likely to have a household member who smoked cigarettes compared with SARI cases without a smoking household member (54/208, 26% vs 158/960, 16%, P<.05).

Conclusions

Influenza A (H3N2) virus infection was an important contributor to pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Our results highlight the importance of surveillance in identifying factors for influenza hospitalization, monitoring adherence to influenza prevention and treatment strategies, and evaluating the disease burden among hospitalized pediatric SARI patients. Influenza vaccination promotion should target children.
A Single‐Phase Phosphor NaLa9 (GeO4)6O2: Tm3+, Dy3+ for Near Ultraviolet‐White LED and Field‐Emission Display
Authors: Cao Yaxin , Ding Xin , Wang Yuhua
Published: July 2016

Single‐phase white‐light‐emitting phosphors NaLa9(1−x−y) (GeO4)6O2: xTm3+, yDy3+ (NLGO: xTm3+, yDy3+) have been synthesized by a traditional solid‐state reaction method. The powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation (PLE) spectra, fluorescence decay curves, chromaticity coordinates, correlated color temperature (CCT), and the cathodoluminescence (CL) properties of the obtained phosphors are measured and discussed in detail. It is discovered that the series samples could be color‐tunable (from blue to yellow) by tuning the doping content of Dy3+ with a fixed Tm3+ content excited at 357 nm and white light (0.341, 0.324) could be obtained with the CCT of 5079 K. A NLGO: 0.01Tm3+, 0.02Dy3+ is studied carefully as representative. The main emissions of Tm3+ (453 nm, 1D2–3F4) and Dy3+ (478 nm, 4F9/2–6H15/2; 572 nm, 4F9/2–6H13/2) make it emit white light with good thermal stability (67% of the initial till 523 K). The energy transfer from Tm3+ to Dy3+ is noticed and further research has been done to explain the enhancement of Dy3+ emission and the excellent thermal stability. It also keeps stable under continuous electron bombardment with high intensity. All of these indicate that it could be a suitable candidate for white‐emitting phosphor applied for near ultraviolet‐white light‐emitting diode (NUV‐WLED) and field‐emission display (FED).
Mechanical Failure of Endocrowns Manufactured with Different Ceramic Materials: An In Vitro Biomechanical Study
Authors: Aktas Guliz , Yerlikaya Hatice , Akca Kivanc
Published: July 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of different silica‐based ceramic materials on the mechanical failure behavior of endocrowns used in the restoration of endodontically treated mandibular molar teeth.

Materials and Methods

Thirty‐six intact mandibular molar teeth extracted because of a loss of periodontal support received root canal treatment. The teeth were prepared with a central cavity to support the endocrowns, replacing the occlusal surface with mesial‐lingual‐distal walls. Data acquisition of the prepared tooth surfaces was carried out digitally with a powder‐free intraoral scanner. Restoration designs were completed on manufactured restorations from three silicate ceramics: alumina‐silicate (control), zirconia‐reinforced (Zr‐R), and polymer‐infiltrated (P‐I). Following adhesive cementation, endocrowns were subjected to thermal aging, and then, each specimen was obliquely loaded to record the fracture strength and define the mechanical failure. For the failure definition, the fracture type characteristics were identified, and further analytic measurements were made on the fractured tooth and ceramic structure.

Results

Load‐to‐fracture failure did not differ significantly, and the calculated mean values were 1035.08 N, 1058.33 N, and 1025.00 N for control, Zr‐R, and P‐I groups, respectively; however, the stiffness of the restoration‐tooth complex was significantly higher than that in both test groups. No statistically significant correlation was established in paired comparisons of the failure strength, restorative stiffness, and fractured tooth distance parameters. The failure mode for teeth restored with zirconia‐reinforced glass ceramics was identified as non‐restorable. The resin interface in the control and P‐I groups presented similar adhesive failure behavior.

Conclusion

Mechanical failure of endocrown restorations does not significantly differ for silica‐based ceramics modified either with zirconia or polymer.
Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of indigocarpan, a pterocarpan from Indigofera aspalathoides
Authors: Mahajan Pravin , Gnana Oli Rajaraman , Jachak Sanjay M , Bharate Sandip B , Chaudhuri Bhabatosh
Published: July 2016

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of indigocarpan (1), a pterocarpan isolated from Indigofera aspalathoides, a plant found in India which has been used in Ayurveda for centuries for the treatment of oedematous tumours.

Methods

The antiproliferative activity in a panel of four human cancer cell lines was studied. The mechanism of its antiproliferative activity in human colorectal adenocarcinoma LS174T cells was investigated in detail.

Key findings

Indigocarpan (1) showed antiproliferative activity in a panel of four human cancer cell lines with IC50s ranging from 180 to 250 μm. Indigocarpan induces p53-dependent p21 upregulation and apoptosis in LS174T cells, upregulates p53 and p21WAF1 protein levels, enhances cleavage of caspase-3 and downregulates cyclin D1, cyclin B1 and PCNA protein levels, indicating its role in modulating cell cycle progression. Indigocarpan also exhibited a strong antioxidative effect in LS174T cells.

Conclusions

Along with the antiproliferative capacity, the strong antioxidative property of the compound makes it a promising candidate for further development as an anticancer and chemopreventive compound.
Establishing a “Community Forest”: Insights from the Collaborative Process in Migdal HaEmek, Israel
Authors: Gasul Dalit , Shmueli Deborah F.
Published: July 2016

The basic principal in the establishment of “community forests” is the involvement of the proximate communities in its management and maintenance. The Balfour Forest, enveloping the Israeli town of Migdal HaEmek, was ignored by the local community who viewed it as a potentially dangerous no‐man's land. The Jewish National Fund (JNF), Israel's forestry agency, initiated a process to engage the Migdal HaEmek community in developing and taking responsibility for the forest and serve as a model for the development of community forests in Israel. Between 2008 and 2009, the collaborative structure was designed and established, and community activists identified, recruited, and empowered to create a team of “forest trustees” whose activities continue to impact ties among the community and the forest. This article evaluates the process dynamics, outcomes, and impacts and examines their implications for intergovernmental relations, community empowerment, and environmental and development issues.
Why are adult women physically active? A systematic review of prospective cohort studies to identify intrapersonal, social environmental and physical environmental determinants
Authors: Prince S. A. , Reed J. L. , Martinello N. , Adamo K. B. , Fodor J. G. , Hiremath S. , Kristjansson E. A. , Mullen K. A. , Nerenberg K. A. , Tulloch H. E. , Reid R. D.
Published: July 2016

Objective

This study aims to systematically review available evidence from prospective cohort studies to identify intrapersonal, social environmental and physical environmental determinants of moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) among working‐age women.

Methods

Six databases were searched to identify all prospective cohort studies that reported on intrapersonal (e.g. self‐efficacy and socioeconomic status [SES]), social (e.g. crime, area SES and social support) and/or physical (e.g. weather, work and recreation) environmental determinants of MVPA in working‐age (mean 18–65 years) women. A qualitative synthesis including harvest plots was completed. PROSPERO: CRD42014009750

Results

Searching identified 17,387 potential articles; 97 were used in the analysis. The majority (n = 87 studies) reported on ≥1 intrapersonal determinant. Very few (n = 34) examined factors in the social or physical environments, and none looked at social policy. Positive and consistent influencers included higher self‐efficacy (n = 18/23), self‐rated health (n = 8/13) and intentions (n = 10/11) and perceived behavioural control (n = 5/7) to be physically active. Having children in the household was negatively related to MVPA (n = 9/15).

Conclusions

Physical activity intervention studies should consider a woman's level of self‐efficacy and perceived behavioural control to be physically active. Additional studies are needed on the impact of children in the household, having a spouse/partner and using group goal setting. More evidence is needed to evaluate the impact of environmental factors.
How Fictional Worlds Are Created
Authors: Weisberg Deena Skolnick
Published: July 2016

Both adults and children have the ability to not only think about reality but also use their imaginations and create fictional worlds. This article describes the process by which world creation happens, drawing from philosophical and psychological treatments of this issue. First, world creators recognize the need to create a fictional world, as when starting a pretend game or opening a novel. Then, creators merge some real‐world knowledge with the premises of the fictional world to construct a fuller representation, though there is some controversy about how much of the real world is represented in any given fictional world. After the world is created, events can be set in motion within it. While it is generally accepted that this basic process is used for a wide variety of fictional worlds, including fictional stories, pretend games, and counterfactual scenarios, this process of world creation can vary over the course of development and depending on the use to which it is put.
The Law: Presidential Deception in Foreign Policy Making: Military Intervention in Libya 2011
Authors: Weissman Stephen R.
Published: July 2016

How did a U.S.‐led, U.N.‐ approved military intervention to protect civilians in Libya end up enabling rebels to overthrow the Qaddafi regime? A variety of evidence shows that the Obama administration was dishonest in publicly describing its military purpose as solely humanitarian when it was largely directed towards regime change. Presidential deception prevented the emergence of alternative policies that might have avoided Libya's postwar chaos while obfuscating U.S. responsibility for that consequence. The essence of the deception is set forth below in contrasting statements by President Obama and former Central Intelligence Agency Director and Secretary of Defense Panetta.
Presidential Appointments and Public Trust
Authors: Hollibaugh Gary E.
Published: July 2016

Despite their responsibility for federal policy implementation in the United States, little research has focused on how presidential nominees and appointees affect public opinion. This study offers the first systematic examination of this overlooked phenomenon. Using a survey with an embedded experimental manipulation, we find that perceived nominee competence is associated with increased trust in government in general, whereas perceptions of favoritism or patronage—characterized here as the nomination of campaign fundraisers—are associated with decreased levels of trust in the same. Notably, perceived nominee ideology has no perceptible effect on trust in government.
A MODIFIED WAVEMAKER BOUNDARY CONDITION FOR A NUMERICAL WAVE TANK BASED ON THE WCSPH METHOD
Authors: Mahmoudi Amin , Hakimzadeh Habib , Ketabdari Mohammad Javad , Abyn Hassan
Published: July 2016

In this paper a space-averaged Navier–Stokes approach was deployed to Modified Wavemaker Boundary condition for a numerical wave tank.  The developed model is based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method which is a pure Lagrangian approach and can handle large deformations of the free surface with high accuracy. In this study, the large eddy simulation (LES) turbulent model was coupled with the weakly compressible version of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (WCSPH) method to Modified Wavemaker Boundary condition for a numerical wave tank. An absorbing wavemaker boundary condition was developed to absorb the second reflecting waves from the wavemaker. The capacity of absorbing secondary reflecting waves and incoming waves in absorbing wavemaker was validated through comparisons of the numerical results with general wavemaker.
NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS) APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL: NON-INVASIVE AND INVASIVE LEUKEMIA SCREENING
Authors: Ismail Ruhaizan , Abdul Rahim Herlina , Abd Rahim Intan Maisarah , Ghazali Rashidah
Published: July 2016

Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been applied as analytical tool in numerous field of study due to its ability in non-invasive application. NIRS with the ability in providing the information on biological molecules shows a high potential as a diagnosis tool in medical as diseased related to biochemistry changes of the cell and tissue. This paper reviewed the application of NIR spectroscopy in leukemia screening and in other medical application. General comparison between invasive and non-invasive NIR spectroscopy method is provided. The author also proposed a new non-invasive NIRS method in leukemia screening and compared it with the previous invasive NIRS method.
A NEW METHOD TO OPTIMIZE GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF ELECTROSTATIC SENSOR ELECTRODES USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Heydarianasl Mozhde , Rahmat Mohd Fua’ad
Published: July 2016

Optimization of electrostatic sensor electrodes plays a significant role to achieve more homogenous spatial sensitivity. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a simple method that has attracted many attentions in recent years. In this paper, the physical sizes of several electrodes for electrostatic sensors are optimized using the PSO technique. Spatial sensitivity of electrode is considered as objective function in this method. Additionally, the thickness and length of electrode are described as physical characteristics of electrode, which need to be optimized. In order to verify this optimization method, different electrodes are applied in laboratory. The optimal value of thickness and length of electrode according to the optimization and experimentation are 5mm and 6mm, respectively. As a result, there is a great agreement between the optimization and experimental results.
EFFICIENT QRS COMPLEX DETECTION ALGORITHM IMPLEMENTATION ON SOC-BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Authors: Hashim Muhammad Amin , Wen Hau Yuan , Baktheri Rabia
Published: July 2016

This paper studies two different Electrocardiography (ECG) preprocessing algorithms, namely Pan and Tompkins (PT) and Derivative Based (DB) algorithm, which is crucial of QRS complex detection in cardiovascular disease detection. Both algorithms are compared in terms of QRS detection accuracy and computation timing performance, with implementation on System-on-Chip (SoC) based embedded system that prototype on Altera DE2-115 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform as embedded software. Both algorithms are tested with 30 minutes ECG data from each of 48 different patient records obtain from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Results show that PT algorithm achieve 98.15% accuracy with 56.33 seconds computation while DB algorithm achieve 96.74% with only 22.14 seconds processing time. Based on the study, an optimized PT algorithm with improvement on Moving Windows Integrator (MWI) has been proposed to accelerate its computation. Result shows that the proposed optimized Moving Windows Integrator algorithm achieves 9.5 times speed up than original MWI while retaining its QRS detection accuracy.
INVESTIGATION OF GRAPHENE CHANNEL INTERACTION WITH YEAST CELL FOR CELL COUNTING APPLICATION
Authors: Zainol Fatin Norshafini , Dollah Muhammad Syazwan , Ahmad Mohd Ridzuan , Abd Rahman Shaharin Fadzli
Published: July 2016

Graphene superior and unique properties make it a suitable material for biosensor. In this work, graphene interaction with yeast cell is investigated for development of graphene-based cell counter. The fabricated graphene channel was characterized by means of two-terminal and solution-gated three-terminal measurement setup. The correlation between graphene channel resistance and cell concentration was confirmed. The yeast cell was found to give n-type doping which modulate the conductivity of graphene channel.
COGNITIVE FUNCTION ASSESSMENT IN YOUNG ADULT USING TRAIL MAKING AND STROOP TESTS
Authors: Hashim Syazreen , Mat Safri Norlaili , Othman Mohd Afzan , Zakaria Nor Aini
Published: July 2016

Cortical network between brain regions is one of the topics that being investigated by brain researchers. Methods that are used to investigate brain developments of cognitive function include Partial Directed Coherence (PDC) and the power spectrum of the brain activity. The purposes of this study were to determine the cortico-cortical functional connectivity between brain regions using PDC and to investigate the power spectrum of brain activity while performing cognitive function assessments. Twenty healthy young adults, age between 20 to 30 years old, were asked to perform two tasks/tests; Trail Making Test (TMTA-alphabet, TMTA-number, TMTB-mixed alphabets and numerical) and Stroop Task. An electroencephalogram (EEG) machine was used to record the brain signals, and the data were analyzed using PDC and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).Our findings showed that not only frontal area but temporal and occipital area also generates information and the information was sent to various scalp location. Theta frequency was significantly increased at frontal area while gamma and high-gamma frequency bands were significantly increased at centro-parieto-occipito-temporal regions. All of these areas are associated with cognitive function doing specific task.
UNDERSTANDING THE ‘SPECIAL NEEDS’ GROUPS FOR SHELTER AND EMERGENCY EVACUATION DURING FLOOD DISASTER
Authors: Abdul Sukor Nur Sabahiah , Mohamad Ismail Mohd Ashraf
Published: July 2016

This paper emphasizes the importance of understanding the diversify of inviduals with special needs for emergency response, relief and aids strategic plan for disaster event. The respondents for this study were the victims of East Coast flood disaster in 2014. The respondents with special needs were divided into two groups; the special needs groups and move to shelter (Group A, N= 340) and the special needs group and not move to shelter (Group B, N=411).The result shows that for Group A the elderly was the highest percentage of the special needs groups. Meanwhile, the  insulin dependent diabetic patients dominated the percentages of special needs for Group B. This paper also suggests several methods to establish the data sharing platform between related agencies that focused on the special needs groups to enhance the evacuation plan and process during disaster.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POROUS ASPHALT WITH NANOSILICA MODIFIED BINDER
Authors: Masri Khairil Azman , Arshad Ahmad Kamil , Samsudin Mohamad Saifullah
Published: July 2016

This paper evaluates the mechanical properties of porous asphalt (PA) with nanosilica (NS) modified binder in terms of its Abrasion Loss, Binder Draindown, Resilient Modulus and Moisture Susceptibility. These tests are essential to evaluate the performance of NS-PA towards the resistance of moisture induced damage, external loads, abrasion and interlocking structure of PA. Due to porous nature of PA, it is expose to moisture damage and binder draindown. Besides that, raveling is another major problem that closely related to PA. Thus, nanotechnology was promoted in this study in order to enhance the performance of PA. Six different percentages of nanosilica were mixed with PEN 60-70 type of binder in this study. Then, all these blended modified binder were used to prepare PA samples using Marshall Mix Design Method. Nanoparticle used in this study was Nanosilica with the average size of 10 to 15 nanometer. Binder Draindown Test was done using a metal basket with 3mm perforation. Then, abrasion loss value was evaluated using Los Angeles Abrasion Machine without steel ball. In accordance to Public Work Department of Malaysia Specification (JKR/SPJ/2008), it is stated that binder draindown for PA should not be more than 0.3% of total weight of sample, while abrasion loss should not be more than 15% also by weight of total sample. The results for Cantabro Loss Test and Binder Draindown Test indicated that 4% NS was the effective amount of NS to reduce the abrasion loss and binder drained of NS-PA. The maximum resilient modulus value for NS-PA was 4362 MPa while TSR value 91% (2% NS). Meanwhile, for conventional PA (0% NS), resilient modulus value was only 3036 MPa and TSR value 74%. From both tests were also concluded that the optimum amount of NS required for PA to archieved both value was 2%. It can be concluded that with proper concentration, the existence of NS is capable to enhance the physical and rheological properties of asphalt binder and at the same time it dispersed well in asphalt binder. Thus, the performance of PA with NS modified binder is also enhanced.
Approach to Validate Simulation-Based Distribution Predictions Combining the Gamma-Method and Uncertainty Assessment: Application to Focused Ultrasound
Authors: Neufeld Esra , Kyriacou Adamos , Kainz Wolfgang , Kuster Niels
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a novel approach for simulation validation by combining systematic, National Institute of Standards and Technology-guideline-based uncertainty assessment with the gamma dose distribution comparison method, and applies the approach to simulated and measured complicated pressure distributions in the field of focused ultrasound. Simulations require verification and validation to demonstrate that they correctly implement the underlying model and sufficiently capture the real-world behavior of the system of interest within the context-of-use. Uncertainty assessment is necessary to determine the quality (strength, success, and range) of the validation. The combined approach of systematic uncertainty evaluation and the gamma-method presented herein permits thorough validation with meaningful and reasonable tolerances (expanded uncertainty: 1.04 dB = 12.7%, 1.88 wavelengths), whereas point-wise comparison would have resulted in an unacceptably large uncertainty (>10 dB) due to the impact of distortion. The approach presented also provides a scalar agreement metric and a natural means of visualizing areas of disagreement. Verification is achieved by identifying the critical physical and numerical phenomena and ascertaining correct handling by means of analytical and numerical benchmarks. The generality of the verification and validation approach presented makes it applicable to a wide range of computational models, beyond the highlighted acoustic simulations.
Automotive Tracking Technique Using a New IMM Based PDA-SVSF
Authors: Attari Mina , Habibi Saeid
Published: July 2016

Car tracking algorithms are important for a number of applications, including self-driving cars and vehicle safety systems. The probabilistic data association (PDA) algorithm, in conjunction with Kalman Filter (KF), and interacting multiple model (IMM) are well studied, specifically in the aero-tracking applications. This paper studies single targets while performing maneuvers in the presence of clutter, which is a common scenario for road vehicle tracking applications. The relatively new smooth variable structure filter (SVSF) is demonstrated to be robust and stable filtering strategy under the presence of modeling uncertainties. In this paper, SVSF based PDA technique is combined with IMM method. The new method, referred to as IMM-PDA-SVSF is simulated under several possible car motion scenarios. Also, the algorithm is tested on a real experimental data acquired by GPS device.
A Parallel Control of Four Independently Driven Wheels to Maintain UGV Inverse Dynamics
Authors: Salama Mostafa , Vantsevich Vladimir V.
Published: July 2016

An All-Wheel Drive Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) equipped with individual electric motors for each wheel offers tremendous potential to control the angular velocity for each individual wheel and thus control UGV energy efficiency. The objective of this study is to develop an analytical method for a UGV angular velocity control that is based on inverse longitudinal dynamics in straight line motion to indirectly provide the required torque for each wheel to overcome wheel load torque produced from the stochastic terrain.

A stochastic terrain mathematical model was developed and used as a disturbance load in the control algorithm to introduce the on-line (real time) influence different terrain conditions on each wheel of UGV. The control algorithm is based on a developed strategy that utilizes the inverse dynamics approach and provides a wheel with both the specified/required angular velocity and rolling radius. At the same time, the required functional of quality is provided during the control process.

Such an approach provides a new way to control unmanned ground vehicle dynamics and vehicle performance by concentrating on the individual power distribution to the drive wheels.
Vehicle Handling Dynamics Optimization Based in Passive Suspension Settings in Target Cascading Framework
Authors: Blanco Juan C. , Muñoz Luis E.
Published: July 2016

The vehicle optimal design is a multi-objective multi-domain optimization problem. Each design aspect must be analyzed by taking into account the interactions present with other design aspects. Given the size and complexity of the problem, the application of global optimization methodologies is not suitable; hierarchical problem decomposition is beneficial for the problem analysis.

This paper studies the handling dynamics optimization problem as a sub-problem of the vehicle optimal design. This sub-problem is an important part of the overall vehicle design decomposition. It is proposed that the embodiment design stage can be performed in an optimal viewpoint with the application of the analytical target cascading (ATC) optimization strategy. It is also proposed that the design variables should have sufficient physical significance, but also give the overall design enough design degrees of freedom. In this way, other optimization sub-problems can be managed with a reduced variable redundancy and sub-problem couplings.

Given that the ATC strategy is an objective-driven methodology, it is proposed that the objectives of the handling dynamics, which is a sub-problem in the general ATC problem, can be defined from a Pareto optimal set at a higher optimization level. This optimal generation of objectives would lead to an optimal solution as seen at the upper-level hierarchy.

The use of a lumped mass handling dynamics model is proposed in order to manage an efficient optimization process based in handling dynamics simulations. This model contains detailed information of the tire properties modeled by the Pacejka tire model, as well as linear characteristics of the suspension system. The performance of this model is verified with a complete multi-body simulation program such as ADAMS/car.

The handling optimization problem is presented including the proposed design variables, the handling dynamics simulation model and a case study in which a double wishbone suspension system of an off-road vehicle is analyzed. In the case study, the handling optimization problem is solved by taking into account couplings with the suspension kinematics optimization problem. The solution of this coupled problem leads to the partial geometry definition of the suspension system mechanism.