bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP, TRADE AND EXCHANGE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Stebljuk Svitlana
Published: August 2019

The article deals with the specifics of the training of future specialists in entrepreneurship, trade and exchange activities in multy-degree system of education. The research on the identified problem is found out in the areas of: professional pedagogy, competency approach in the educational process; professional competence of future specialists of economic direction, including entrepreneurship; multy-degree system of education. The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the training of future specialists in entrepreneurship, trade and exchange activities based on the volumes of educational programs under conditions of multy-degree system of education. Objective: to find out the requirements of the Standard of Higher Education in specialty 076; to disclose the content of educational programs at the educational qualification level «junior specialist», educational degrees «bachelor», «master»; to submit proposals for the improvement of educational programs according to the specialty. The theoretical and practical training in the college is analyzed, in accordance with the Standard of higher education of Ukraine, the competence, which should be possessed by experts: integral, general, special. The author analyzes the content of educational programs, the share of disciplines of professional training, practical training at college and university. It is determined that the specialty of specialist training under the «Master» program is that it provides for the provision of fundamental scientific and methodological and applied knowledge of economic processes and regularities of the functioning and development of a trading company, organization of trade and exchange activities; realization of commoditymarketing and commercial tasks concerning the assortment and quality of goods; making operative decisions within the limits of its competence concerning preservation of the quality of goods in the process of commodity turnover; evaluation of the quality of the main groups of goods in market conditions, taking into account the current legislative framework. Proposals for improvement of educational programs according to the specialty are submitted. In particular, an increase in the number of credits for practical training on the educational level of «bachelor», as in accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On Higher Education» it is a completed course in the training of a future specialist; the introduction into the educational program of the Master’s degree in credit for psychological and pedagogical training, respectively, the availability of pedagogical practice that will provide pedagogical activities in educational institutions.
ANTI-BULLYING PRACTICES IN SCHOOL: SOCIAL-PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT
Authors: Alokhin Mykhailo
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of bullying in a student’s environment of a modern school. The author generalizes that the key features of a bullying as a form of violent action are aggressive negative behavior, systematic and repetitive acts of violent actions, intentional and disproportionate forces (power) between the parties to the conflict. According to the results of a sociological survey involving 561 teachers and 1321 schoolchildren aged 14–18 from 56 schools in Kryvy Rih, it was found that 10.4% of the polled students are aware of the significant scale of oppression of peers. In order to counteract the bullying, it is necessary to develop at school three-component model of the system of harassment prevention that consists of 3 subsystems: «integral approach in management», «education and upbringing», «intersectoral partnership». An important element in building a safe space is the steps to implement a restorative approach instead of a disciplinary one in dealing with school conflicts. In a restorative approach, teachers appeal to the empathic attitude of the participants in the conflict situation to each other and to realize the role of each in it, and offenders more often recognize their guilt and are approaching reconciliation and returning to harmonious relationships. The educational tools of the educational program «Lions Quest: Social and Emotional Competencies of the 21st Century», a set of educational programs «Solving Conflicts by Peace, are extremely effective. Basic skills of mediation»; Institutions of education can be implemented electives «I solve conflicts and build peace around myself», «Learn to be citizens».
Veterinarians' information Prescription and Clients' eHealth Literacy
Authors: Solhjoo Niloofar , Naghshineh Nader , Fahimnia Fatima
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between pet owner’s combined knowledge, comfort, and perceived skills at finding, evaluating, applying online pet health information, and the application of the information prescription (IP) provided for pet owners education on the internet.

Methods: Thirty telephone interviews were conducted followed by a questionnaire of eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) with pet owners after receiving an IP with a suggested websites in addition to their customary veterinary services in a vet clinic at the center of Tehran, Iran. Qualitative and quantitative data were merged to explore differences and similarities among respondents with different eHealth literacy levels.

Results: Results indicate that pet owners with higher score of eHealth literacy more accessed the suggested websites and reported positive feelings about this addition to their veterinary services. Similarly, among the eight-item self-reported eHealth Literacy skills, perceived skills at evaluating and applying, were significantly associated with the use of IPs. Lastly eHealth literacy level was significantly associated with the outcomes of prescribed information, such as veterinarians-client communication outcome and learning outcomes.

 Conclusion: Disparities in application of the veterinarian’s IPs for online pet healthcare information, and its outcomes are associated with different eHealth literacy skills. Veterinarians should collaborate with information specialists and librarians to perform education efforts to raise awareness on online pet health information quality and impact of veterinarian directed information prescription especially among low health literate owners.
Gammagrafía de ventilación/perfusión pulmonar: utilidad en el estudio de hipertensión pulmonar y embolismo pulmonar crónico
Authors: Marín Oyaga Víctor , Conde Camacho Rafael , Gutiérrez Villamil Claudia , Vélez Gutiérrez Camila , Arévalo Leal Sinay
Published: August 2019

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTPH) is a serious disease with sig- nificant associated morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic images play a fundamental role both in the diagnosis and in the determination of extension, distribution and severity, in order to establish the possibility of surgical management.Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy (G V/Q) has a high sensitivity and negative predictive value, and allows to rule out the presence of pulmonary thromboembolism as a cause of pul- monary hypertension and is indicated in the initial study of these patients.Due to its importance recently highlighted in different national and international ma- nagement guidelines, it is important to familiarize the treating clinicians with the adequate methodology as well as the approach in its interpretation, because in some aspects it is dif- ferent for acute pulmonary thromboembolism. We present two cases in which the study was fundamental in the diagnosis and timely treatment of CTPH with favorable evolution.
Prevalencia de la hipoventilación relacionada con el sueño según diferentes criterios diagnósticos
Authors: Díaz Santos Germán , Domínguez Héctor Daniel , Guerrero Zúñiga Selene
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION: Alveolar hypoventilation is an alteration that leads to retention of carbon dioxide (CO2) and alteration in blood pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) due to multiple causes (hypoventilation syndromes). The diagnosis is with resting daytime blood gasometry with possible use of other tests such as the measurement of transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TcCO2).The diagnostic strategy is not yet fully defined, so our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of hypoventilation during sleep using different diagnostic criteria.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients who required po- lysomnography between 2015 and 2016 with measurement of TcCO2 at the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosio Villegas of Mexico City. Six different criteria of hypoventilation were applied during sleep. Three groups were established (withoutrespiratory disorders during sleep, patients with hypoventilation-obesity syndrome and patients with hypoventilation related to medi- cal-neuromuscular disorder). Patients who had no established diagnosis were excluded. The SenTec Digital Monitoring System was used to measure the TcCO2, obtaining baseline CO2, average CO2, maximum CO2  and CO2  time. The software SPSS v23 was used.The description was made with mean, median, standard deviation and percentages according to the type of variable. Concordancetests were performed between the different criteria applied for each distribution. Statistical significance was accepted when p <0.05.RESULTS: A total sample of 143 patients. 51 without respiratory disorders during sleep, 63 with hypoventilation-obesity syn- drome and 29 with hypoventilation related to medical disorders (neuromuscular). The male gender predominated and they were young adults. A TcCO2  >38 mm Hg is diagnosed in 68% of patients with hypoventilation-obesity syndrome and 69% of patientswith alveolar hypoventilation due to neuromuscular diseases (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.40). A TcCO2 >49 mm Hg at night diagnosed 82%of patients with hypoventilation-obesity syndrome and 58% of patients with alveolar hypoventilation due to neuromuscular diseases(Cohen’s Kappa = 0.63).CONCLUSION: In the population studied, a peak of TcCO2 ≥49 mm Hg has a good degree according to the current diagnosis of the patient.
Análisis de la función pulmonar en trabajadores de minería mediante espirometría
Authors: Pereira Rodríguez Javier Eliécer , Peñaranda Flórez Devi Geesel , Quintero Gómez Juan Camilo , Cruz Morales Alfredo , Luna Martínez Daniela del Carmen
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION: Mining is a commercial activity of the industrial sector whose pur- pose is the exploitation of soils to obtain new resources. The occupation of mining works has been associated with the development of different alterations at the respiratory level.OBJECTIVE: To determine the state of pulmonary function in mining workers using spirometry.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 848 workers from the mining sector. The pulmonary function test was performed by spirometry and the measurements were recorded following the recommendations of the American Thoracic Society (ATS).RESULTS: 7 (0.83%) cases of the population had mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 1 (0.12%) case with severe pulmonary obstruction. On the other hand, 241 (28.42%) cases of disease with mild restrictive pattern were found, 2 (0.24%) with moderate restriction and 1 (0.12%) with severe pulmonary restriction.CONCLUSIONS: The probability of respiratory disease of a restrictive pattern is greater in the mining population. Spirometric values are significantly lower in subjects with occupation in the mining sector.
Situación nutricional y mortalidad en pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis activa
Authors: Moreno Soto Karen Juliana , Montaño Rivas Isabella , Parra Lara Luis Gabriel , Pacheco Robinson , García Goez José Fernando
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TBC) continues to be a global public health problem. Despite advances in treatment, it has been shown that patient’s nutritional status influences the prognosis and results of treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the nutri- tional status, diagnosis and results of treatment in patients with TBC.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Historic cohort study. We analyzed adult patients older than 18 years with TBC and weight and height record at the time of diagnosis between Fe- bruary 2007 to May 2017 at Fundación Valle del Lili (FVL) in Cali, Colombia.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 388 patients were included, 52% (n=200) had normal weight and 23% (n=88) had low weight. The most frequent comorbidities were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 14% (n=56) and diabetes mellitus in 13% (n=52). There was no statistically significant association between body mass index (BMI) and albumin level (p: 0.387, Odds ratio [OR]: 1.29; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 0.73-2.28). An overall mortality of 9% was found (n=35). BMI <18.5 was not associated with mortality (p=0.65, OR: 0.81, CI 95%: 0.32-2.07). In more than 50% of the patients, hypoalbuminemia was documented at the time of diagnosis, which was associated with mortality (p <0.001, OR: 6.23, CI 95%: 3.7-70.6).CONCLUSIONS: Knowing accurately the nutritional status of the patient with TBC could help to create strategies that allow to improve the prognosis and the results to treatment. BMI does not always reflect the actual nutritional status of the patient. The serum albumin level <3.5 g/dL is a predictive marker of mortality in patients with active TBC disease.
Dispositivos de inhalación para asma y EPOC: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Rincon-Montaña Marian , Rosselli Diego
Published: August 2019

Recent research on asthma and COPD has concentrated in developing new inhalation delivery systems. Innovation has improved metered-dose, dry-powder, or breathe-actuated inhalers and nebulizers. The objective of this study was to review current literature on the different inhalation devices available in the market, and how their characteristics have asso- ciations with disease outcomes both for asthma and COPD. The main concerns have been to facilitate the drug’s administration for the patient, as measured by pharmacokinetics, safety, patient preference, medication adherence, quality of life, and costs. Medication adherence has a positive association with patient preference and ease of use of the device that admi- nisters the drugs for disease control. A good medication adherence can reduce exacerbation episodes, improving QOL, and reducing costs for respiratory diseases.
Neumonitis de hipersensibilidad asociada con exposición a ácido oxálico: partiendo de un caso
Authors: Pérez Lugo Lucy Maritza , Vivanco Payares Karen , Lobelo Angulo Jennifer , Velásquez Katya , Varela Prieto Lourdes , Santiago Ernesto
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HSP; extrinsic allergic alveolitis) is an immunological pulmonary disease caused by an exaggerated immune response to chemi- cal or organic particles inhalation affecting alveoli, terminal bronchioles and alveolar inters- titium. There are no reported cases associating oxalic acid-hypersensitivity pneumonitis. In addition, the infra-diagnosis contributes to the poor disease prognosis, which is the reason to present the case.CASE DESCRIPTION: A 35-year-old patient with dyspnea and chronic dry cough after non-occupational exposure to oxalic acid, pulmonary function tests with restrictive pattern, chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) suggestive of HSP and lung biopsy of a granuloma type cholesterol. Treatment is initiated without response, lung transplant reques- ted currently is on waiting list.DISCUSSION: The patient met criteria for HSP suggested by Semin et al. (2012), once noxa retired there was no symptoms improvement, as well as the one use of corticoids, the diagnosis and treatment are considered late, elements which modified the response to it and finally altered the prognosis, the transplant improves the survival of patients in the short and medium term.
ANALISIS SIKAP DAN KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP ATRIBUT PRODUK KARKAS AYAM PEDAGING SEGAR DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Ismanto Arif , Julianda Try , Mursidah .
Published: August 2019

This research aims to know the attitude of consumers, the level of satisfaction, and what product attributes that are considered consumers before buying the broiler carcass in traditional market of Samarinda City. The data retrieval research conducted during November 2016. The basic method of research is using descriptive method, and it’s implementation with the technique level. The location of the study was chosen intentionally in Samarinda City by taking 3 traditional markets as a sample. The determination of the number of samples is done proportionally and the technique of determining the sampling method by chance (Accidental sampling) with the number of samples of 50 respondents. The type of data used is primary data and secondary data with data collection techniques by observation, interview, and recording. The analysis used is Fishbein Multi Attribute attitude analysis and to analyze satisfaction using Customers Satisfaction Index. The result of the research based on analysis of Fishbein Multiatribut known to consumer attribute value toward color attribute 16.80, weight (16.48), aroma (15.76), skin hygiene (14.57) and price (13.11). Based on Costumer Satification Index the level of customer satisfaction on broiler carcass is 77.11%. Result of research based on analysis of Fishbein Multi Attribute known consumer attitude toward carcass is “positive” which means consumers are well-receptive to broiler carcass in traditional markets with most attributes considered in the purchase decision of chicken carcasses in traditional markets of Samarinda City is the color of broiler carcasses. The order of attributes from the most considered to the least considered is color, carcass weight, aroma, skin hygiene and broiler carcass price. Based on Customer Satisfaction Index of consumer satisfaction level against broiler carcass is 77.11% who are satisfied category.
PENGAMATAN PENDAHULUAN OVARIUM BANDIKUT (Echymipera kalubu)
Authors: Rafli Fahry , Tethool Angel N. , Pattiselanno Freddy
Published: August 2019

The study aimed to determine the size and physical description (location, shape, colour and texture) ovarian of Echymipera kalubu. Study was conducted in 3 months from June to September 2017. Three female E. kalubu with an average body weight 399±97.32g and average body length 21.67±5.51cm were used in this study. Sample of bandicoots were dissected using a surgical tool and then measured using measuring tester and analytic scales. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data. The results showed that average length of female reproductive organs of E. kalubu was 11,00±0,87 cm (right) and 11,03±0,83 cm (left); average weight of ovarian was 0,01±0,0048 g (right) and 0,02±0,0006 g (left). This study also showed that characteristics of ovarian were in common with other polytocus animals.
Malrotación intestinal en adultos: causa infrecuente de obstrucción intestinal
Authors: Velaz-Pardo Leyre , Pastor-Bonel Tania , Lizarazu-Pérez Aintzane , Arteaga-Martín Xabier , Petrone Patrizio
Published: August 2019

La malrotación intestinal es una malformación congénita que afecta hasta al 1 % de la población. Aproximadamente, el 90 % de los casos se presenta en la edad pediátrica y, rara vez, en la población adulta, lo que convierte a esta alteración en un reto para los profesionales sanitarios. Se presenta el caso de una paciente que se inició con un cuadro de obstrucción intestinal y abdomen agudo; se le diagnosticó malrotación intestinal, vólvulo y obstrucción por bridas, durante la laparotomía exploradora urgente. El conocimiento de condición patológica es imprescindible para poder brindarle un correcto tratamiento quirúrgico.
Endosurgical treatment of premature infants with inguinal hernias
Authors: Kozlov Yury A. , Krasnov Pavel A. , Baradieva Polina J. , Zvonkov Denis A. , Ochirov Chimit B.
Published: August 2019

Introduction.An inguinal hernia is a serious surgical issue in premature infants as this is one of the reasons leading to increased lethality and longer treatment duration. The purpose of the study was to estimate the possibility and effectiveness of endosurgical treatment of inguinal hernias in premature infants.

Material and methods.705 patients with inguinal hernias aged 0–3 months have been treated at the Center for Surgery of Newborns in Irkutsk during the last 15 years from January 2004 to December 2018. The gestational age of 51 infants was less than 37 weeks. All the patients underwent laparoscopic hernia repair with extracorporeal ligation. During the final stage of the study, demographic data, intra- and postoperative results were compared.

Results.The experience of treating 51 premature infants with inguinal hernias was analyzed. The children were distributed into groups as follows: 1,500–2,500 g for 35 patients, 1,000–1,500 g for 14 patients, less than 1,000 g for 2 patients. The average weight and age was 1,870 g/36.9 days for children with low body weight, 1148.3 g/48.9 days for children with very low body weight and 810 g/69 days for children with extremely low body weight. The average surgery duration ranged from 28.8 min to 35 min. According to the results of the study, increased gestational age and body weight decreases the risk of postoperative apnea from 100% to 11.8%.

Conclusion.It must be noted that minimally invasive surgeries are less traumatic and effective interventions when treating premature infants with inguinal hernias. In infants with premature hernias, a surgery is always associated with the risk of postoperative apnea and AVL dependent on the body weight and gestational age.
Tolerability and safety of strong opioid analgesics in children and adolescents with incurable oncological diseases
Authors: Pshonkin Alexey V. , Serkova Iruna V. , Zhukov Nikolay V. , Shukin Vladislav V. , Polevichenko Elena V. , Spiridonova Elena A.
Published: August 2019

Relevance. One of the basic tasks of palliative medical care is to control pain in an incurable patient. To administer strong opioid analgesics as basic pain management in terminal patients, a treating physician must understand the risk of opioid-related adverse effects. According to the World Health Organization, the occurrence of the pain syndrome and importance of correct analgesic therapy in children and adolescents with incurable oncological diseases are underestimated.

Purpose. To improve the quality of palliative medical care provided to children and adolescents with incurable oncological diseases.

Materials and methods. A retrospective and prospective study was carried out. 400 patients with incurable oncological diseases aged 0 months to 20 years (median 9 years) were included into the study from June 2014 to December 2017, in particular, 235 boys and 165 girls (189 patients with extracranial solid tumors, 117 patients with CNS tumors and 94 patients with hemoblastoses). The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Council of Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology (Protocol No. 5 dated May 21, 2013). Of 284 patients with the pain syndrome, 227 (80%) of children and adolescents aged 0–20 years (median 12 years) used strong opioid analgesics (morphine hydrochloride, morphine sulfate and transdermal therapeutic system with fentanyl) for pain relief. Their dosage was set in accordance with WHO 2012 recommendations related to the management of persisting pain syndrome in children. To estimate the severity of adverse events (AE) when strong opioids were used (nausea, vomiting, constipation, skin itching, urinary retention and respiratory failure), the CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) displays Grades 1 through 5. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and opioid-induced neurotoxicity were estimated by clinical signs (absence or presence of a symptom).

Results. Of 227 patients, 59 (26%) patients had AE associated with the administration of strong opioid analgesics: 11.5% of cases for constipation, 7.5% cases for nausea, 4% of cases for pruritus, 2.2% of cases for urinary retention, 0.44% of cases for opioid-induced hyperalgesia, 0.44% of cases for opioid-induced neurotoxicity. No respiratory failure was noted when strong opioid analgesics were used. In the majority of cases (95%), the registered AE were mild and required no termination of therapy with opioid analgesics. Of 284 patients, 281 (98.9%) underwent analgesic therapy with complete pain management.

Conclusion. Strong opioid analgesics are safe and effective in children and adolescents with incurable oncological diseases.
Teacher Responses to New Pedagogical Practices: A Praxeological Model for the Study of Teacher-Driven School Development
Authors: Krzychała Sławomir
Published: August 2019

This article focuses on the teacher community as an agent of school development, and in the context of teacher engagement in new educational practices, it discusses how school change can be analyzed as a process of creating and transforming professional knowledge (orientation pattern). The qualitative research was conducted in 2015–2016 at 12 schools participating in an innovative tutoring program in Wrocław (Poland). A total of 12 group discussions and 52 individual interviews were interpreted using Mannheim’s documentary method. As a result, a typology of the four forms of new professional orientation patterns—niche, instrumental, apparent, and synergic activities—was elaborated, and in a case study, they were applied as a theoretical model to the sociogenetic analysis of the school development process.
Fostering Democratic and Social-Emotional Learning in Action Civics Programming: Factors That Shape Students’ Learning From Project Soapbox
Authors: Andolina Molly W. , Conklin Hilary G.
Published: August 2019

This research examines the factors that shape high school students’ experiences with an action civics program—Project Soapbox—that fosters democratic and social-emotional learning. Drawing on pre- and postsurveys with 204 students, classroom observations, teacher interviews, student work samples, and student focus group interviews, the study illuminates how specific features of the curriculum and its implementation are linked to its promising outcomes. Our findings indicate that the curriculum’s emphases and structure, along with instructional decisions and context, play key roles in influencing student outcomes. Project Soapbox’s power lies in its alignment with many well-established civic education best practices and in its intentional linkage with key social-emotional learning practices, many of which are newly recognized as having particular civic import.
The Influence of Competency of Preschool Teachers in Fujian Province on Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital
Authors: Sun Xuguang , Huang Ailing
Published: August 2019

The intermediary effect interval of the
preschool teachers' competence characteristics → positive psychological capital
→ the subjective well-being of the preschool teachers is (0.23—0.55), does not
contain 0, and the effect amount is 0.35. The competency characteristics of
preschool teachers → The direct effect interval of subjective well-being of
preschool teachers is (0.05—0.36), excluding 0, and the effect quantity is 0.20,
indicating that positive psychological capital as a mediator variable has the
characteristics of preschool teachers and the subjective well-being of preschool
teachers. Partial mediating effect, the ratio of mediating effect to total
effect is 64.01%.
Longitudinal Associations between Civic Engagement and Interpersonal Needs among College Students during the 2018 Midterm Elections
Authors: Oosterhoff Benjamin , Hill Ryan M.
Published: August 2019

Civic engagement is thought to enhance personal wellbeing, yet little research has examined links between civic engagement, burdensomeness, and belongingness during periods of heightened civic action. Late adolescent college students (N=235, Mage=19.43) completed daily assessments of civic engagement (community service, environmentalism, standard political behavior, social movement behavior), belongingness, and burdensomeness for one week during the 2018 US midterm elections. Greater daily community service and environmentalism was associated with higher weekly belongingness and lower weekly burdensomeness. Lower daily belongingness was associated with higher next-day community service. Greater weekly and daily standard political and social movement engagement was associated with greater weekly and daily burdensomeness. Greater weekly and daily social movement engagement was associated with lower weekly and daily belongingness.
Quality or quantity? A multi-study analysis of emotion regulation skills deficits associated with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Southward Matthew W. , Cheavens Jennifer S.
Published: August 2019

Linehan’s (1993) biosocial theory posits that people with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have emotion regulation skills deficits characterized by 1) less frequent use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies, 2) more frequent use of maladaptive strategies, or 3) poorer quality strategy implementation (i.e., strategies implemented less skillfully). We tested these possibilities among participants with BPD, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), or no disorder (controls). Study 1 participants (N = 272) were recruited online; Study 2 participants (N = 90) completed in-person diagnostic assessments. The BPD groups reported greater use of maladaptive strategies than the MDD (d = .35) and control (d = 1.54) groups and lower quality implementation than the MDD (d = .33) and control groups (d = .97). BPD participants reported similar use of adaptive strategies as the MDD group (d = .09) but less use than controls (d = .47). BPD may be uniquely characterized by overuse of maladaptive strategies and poorer quality emotion regulation implementation.
Neuronal Causes and Behavioural Effects: a Review on Logical, Methodological, and Technical Issues With Respect to Causal Explanations of Behaviour in Neuroscience
Authors: Fakhar Kayson , Gonschorek Dominic , Schmors Lisa , Bielczyk Natalia Z
Published: August 2019

Elucidating causal, neurobiological underpinnings of behaviour is an ultimate goal of every neuroscientific study. However, due to the complexity of the brain as well as the complexity of the human environment, finding a~causal architecture that underlies behaviour remains a~formidable challenge. In this manuscript, we review the logical and conceptual issues with respect to causal research in neuroscience.First, we review the state of the art interventional and computational approaches to infer causal brain-behaviour relationships. We provide an~overview of potential issues, flaws, and confounds in these studies. We conclude that studies on the causal structure underlying behaviour should be performed by accumulating evidence coming from several lines of experimental and modelling studies. Lastly, we also propose computational models including artificial neuronal networks and simulated animats as a~potential breakthrough to causal brain-behaviour investigations.
Back to the Future - Changing Job Profiles in the Digital Age
Authors: Stephany Fabian , Lorenz Hanno
Published: August 2019

The uniqueness of human labour is at question in times of smart technologies. The 250 years-old discussion on technological unemployment reawakens. Frey and Osborne (2012) estimate that half of US employment will be automated by algorithms within the next 20 years. Other follow-up studies conclude that only a small fraction of workers will be replaced by digital technologies. The main contribution of our work is to show that the diversity of previous findings regarding the degree of job automation is, to a large extent, driven by model selection and not by controlling for personal characteristics or tasks. For our case study, we consult Austrian experts in machine learning and industry professionals on the susceptibility to digital technologies in the Austrian labour market. Our results indicate that, while clerical computer-based routine jobs are likely to change in the next decade, professional activities, such as the processing of complex information, are less prone to digital change.
Can p-values be meaningfully interpreted without random sampling?
Authors: Hirschauer Norbert , Gruener Sven , Mußhoff Oliver , Becker Claudia , Jantsch Antje
Published: August 2019

Besides the inferential errors that abound in the interpretation of p-values, the probabilistic pre-conditions (i.e. random sampling or equivalent) for using them at all are not often met by observa-tional studies in the social sciences. This paper systematizes different sampling designs and discusses the restrictive requirements of data collection that are the sine-qua-non for using p-values.
Distribution and classification of springs in Bansbari area of Melamchi Municipality, Sindhupalchowk, Nepal
Authors: Pandit Sanjeeta , Shakya Nir , Shrestha Surendra Raj
Published: August 2019

Springs are the primary source of drinking water and irrigation in hills and mountains in Nepal. In recent years, the life sustaining springs are reported to be drying and degrading in quality. However, there is a lack of information and knowledge in various aspects of springs in Nepal. This has limited the scope for groundwater development and management in hills and mountains. The present study focuses on identifying, surveying and keeping records of spring sources in the Bansbari area of Melamchi Municipality, Sindhupalchowk, Nepal, and intends to understand the distribution of springs in the area. Assessment of spring water quality and classification of springs is other major component of this study. Out of forty-one springs observed in the area, 85% are perennial and others are seasonal in nature. It is found that majority of the springs are located in the middle altitude ranging from 1000 to 1350m above mean sea level and in moderate slope varying from 10° to 35°. In terms of land use, 37% are located in forest followed by 34%in bushes and 29% in agricultural land. In terms of stream density, 61% of springs are located in places with low stream density. In terms of type of deposit, 51% are located in colluviums, followed by 25% in rock and 24% in residual soil. The springs in the study area are classified as depression spring and fracture spring. They are mostly non-thermal with weakly mineralized water ranging from soft to hard. The general order of dominance of major cations in the sampled springs is Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+>K+ and major anions is HCO3-> Cl->SO42-. Springs of magnitude fifth and less are observed in the study area with significant decrease of discharge in the dry season. Regular monitoring of spring discharges is recommended to quantify the groundwater in the area.
Assessment on connection between shallow and deep aquifers using isotope analysis of surface water and groundwater in Sunsari and Morang Districts
Authors: Neupane Sharmila , Gajurel Ananta Prasad , Shakya Nir , Lupker Maartin , Hada Rabina
Published: August 2019

The Sunsari and the Morang Districts confine the eastern region of the Koshi River and are considered as a huge potential of groundwater zones. The study mainly focuses on the concept of delineation of recharge source of groundwater and connection between aquifer system through isotopic analysis. Altogether 33 samples are collected from surface and groundwater for the isotopic analysis. Majority of the samples of flowing artesian wells are encountered under the range of -7.03‰ to -6.53‰. The shallow aquifers fall under the range of -5.94‰. to -5.34‰ and deep aquifers fall over a wide range of -7.13 ‰. to -6.53‰ for δ18O. Clustering of samples from isotopic analysis gives idea of surface water and groundwater interconnection along with the recharge source identification. Isotopic variation of majority of samples ranges from -7.34‰ to -4.74‰ while depleted value for δ18O is -10.16‰ in shallow aquifer of Jamungachhi, which indicates that the recharge source is precipitation at higher elevation. The d excess (greater than 10‰) concluded that the aquifer system in the study area is complex and recharged from various sources. The range of enrichment is measured as 2.6‰< 1.96‰<1.87‰<1.55‰ for shallow aquifers, rivers, deep aquifers and flowing artesian well. The significant increase in coarse particle towards the northern part reveals the good aquifer sequence in the northern zone and proves the best recharge area. The overall aquifer system in the study area is complex and recharged from various sources. Most of the aquifers are recharged from the river sand precipitation at higher altitude.
Topographical and geological factors on gully-type debris flow in Malai River catchment, Siwaliks, Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Bharat Prasad , Dhakal Subodh
Published: August 2019

The Siwalik hill of Nepal lies in between the two major thrusts; Main boundary Thrust and Main Frontal Thrust. Thrusting and continuous erosion of material from surface causes several landslides and debris flow problem in the Siwalik region. Debris flow commonly occurs after landslide during heavy rainfall in the steep slope. This paper described about the topographical and geological controls on debris flow occurring in gullies in the Siwaliks of the Malai River catchment of mid-Western Nepal. The length of gully, length of debris channel, area of debris channel, area of catchment of debris flow, area of gully without debris flow were found using Google earth pro, a free version online database. Similarly, a form factor (F), average gradient of stream, slope area ratio and a topographical factor (T) were calculated. Lithology and geological structure were studied in the field. The relation between each factor was identified.

Gully having larger debris flow event had T value greater than 0.01 and that having small debris flow event had T value less than 0.01. Gully without debris flow had T value less than 0.001. Gully having debris flow had F more than 0.1 and that free from debris flow had F less than 0.1. Both topographic and form factors were found greater than 0.1 at the hanging wall of the Malai Thrust, where large size debris flows were encountered. The T and F values obtained from the Middle and Upper Siwaliks were greater than 0.1.The number of debris flow events and large debris flows were found high the in the Middle and the Upper Siwaliks, and hanging wall of the Malai Thrust.
Effect of Age and Frequency of Collection in Quality of Jersey Bulls Semen at National Livestock Breeding Center, Nepal
Authors: Sankhi S. , Sapkota K.R. , Regmi B.
Published: August 2019

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of age and frequency of collection on quality parameters of Jersey bull semen at National Livestock Breeding Center (NLBC), Pokhara, Kaski district. Nine Jersey bulls were selected randomly from NLBC. To obtain the effect of age, six bulls of three different age interval (3- 4, 5-7 and 8-9 years) were selected randomly. Remaining three bulls were used to determine the effect of frequency of collection on semen quality. Studies were conducted for three months (Nov/Dec to Dec/Jan 2017). Semen quality was analyzed using CASA system and SMILE software. ANOVA and paired t- tests were applied to find out level of significance. All the statistical analyses were done using SPSS 17.0. Sperm concentration (0.551 ±0.004 to 1.084 ± 0.014x109), post- thaw motility (42.44±0.11 to 51.72±0.03 %), live sperm (45.62 ± 0.13 to 51.23±0.15 %), and abnormal sperm (11.57±0.12 to 19.59±0.24%) were significantly affected by the age of the bulls. Semen quality was found superior in the bulls belonging to 5-7 years of age intervals. On the other hand, volume (3.98±0.09 to 6.72±0.06 ml), initial motility (72.68±0.02 to 78.64±0.15 %) and pre-filling motility (71.34±0.17 to 77.62±0.02 %) did not differ significantly among different age intervals. Significantly, higher value for semen volume (3.98±0.12 to 6.02±0.14 ml), sperm concentration (0.572±0.119 to 1.095±0.015) and post- thaw motility (40.34±0.21 to 48.54±0.06% was obtained on second collection. However, initial motility (70.58±0.06 to 75.64±0.13 %), prefilling motility (68.11±0.12 to 71.62±0.02 %), live sperm (53.27±0.54 to 56.17±0.02 %) and abnormal sperm (12.31±0.12 to 14.3±0.47 %) did not differ significantly between the frequencies of collection. Different quality parameters of semen like volume, concentration, initial motility, pre-filling motility, post thaw motility, live and normal spermatozoa percentage were higher in 5-7 years old bulls and in second collection of semen.
Seroprevalence of Avian Infl uenza (subtype H9) in ducks at AI risk areas of Nepal
Authors: Pradhan N.R. , Singh S. , Acharya M.P.
Published: August 2019

A study was conducted in duck population of Nepal from August-2013 to March-2014 as to find out the seroprevalence of Low pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) subtype H9. Altogether 300 blood samples were taken from avian influenza risk areas of Nepal by using purposive sampling method and were analyzed in virology laboratory, Animal Health Research Division, NARC, Khumaltar. The serum samples were processed for Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI). Of the 300 serum samples, 16 samples showed HI positive (at>3rd well) at two-fold dilution revealing revealing 5% Seroprevalence of LPAI H9 and overall average antibody titre 6.27. The seroprevalences of six districts were found to be Chitwan (10%), Sunsari (6%), Kathmandu (2%), Banke (8%), Bhaktapur (2%) and Jhapa (4%) with their mean antibody titres in log form were found to be 6.8, 6.3, 5, 6, 6 and 6.5 respectively. These samples when categorised into three divisions of influenza risk areas viz. Buffer zone, Border market area and Outbreak area, the seroprevalence were found to be 8%, 6% and 2% and their mean antibody titre in log2 form were found to be 6.6, 6.3 and 5.5 respectively. The statistical analyses revealed that there is significant difference (P<0.05) in age wise prevalence on group above 6 months and below 6 months. However, no significant difference (p>0.05) occurred in prevalence by district, sex and influenza risk area.
Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasmosis using Lateral Flow Chromatographic Immunoassay among Animals and Humans in Sunsari District of Nepal
Authors: Sah R.P. , Talukder Md H. , Rahman A.K.M.A.
Published: August 2019

Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic zoonosis, infecting human and other warm-blooded animals worldwide. This disease has economic importance in regard to animal reproduction, and it leads to abortions and neonatal complications in humans. This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep, cattle, cats and human in Inaruwa and surrounding areas of Sunsari district, Nepal. Altogether 336 blood samples, of which 50 from sheep, 92 from cattle, 44 from cats and 150 from human were collected and tested immediately using lateral fl ow chromatographic immunoassay (Toxo IgG/IgM Combo Rapid test®). Associated biometric information such as age, sex, pregnancy status, occupation, association with cat was recorded and analyzed to determine the association of risk factors with the disease. Data were analyzed using R 3.2.2 (The R foundation for Statistical Computing, 2015). Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was detected 12.00% (95% CI: 4.53- 24.31%) in sheep, 8.70% (95% CI: 3.83- 16.42%) in cattle, 36.36% (95%CI: 22.41- 52.23%) in cats and 12.67% (95% CI: 7.80- 19.07%) in human. In case of human, 31 to 45 years age group were found more susceptible to toxoplasmosis (21.74%, OR: 6.4) in comparison to 21 to 30 years (10.0%) and up to 20 years (4.17%) age groups. Toxoplasmosis was found highly significantly associated with abortion (58.33%, OR= 15.4, P=0.0001) in human in the tested individuals. Regarding occupation, 20.83% butchers were seropositive followed by farmers (15.52%), housewives (10.0%) and diagnostic lab technicians (8.0%). Female and higher age group showed high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in all studied species. Therefore, this assay is a useful method for the serological screening of toxoplasmosis in different animals and humans.
Effects of Ketamine and Xylazine-Ketamine Combination in Clinical and Haemato-biochemical Parameters in Captive Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Kanu S.P. , Alam M.R. , Hoda N. , Acharya K.P.
Published: August 2019

This study was carried to compare the effects of ketamine and xylazine-ketamine combination on clinical and haematobiochemical parameters in captive rhesus monkey. The animals were divided into two groups; one ketamine (K) group and other xylazine-ketamine (XK) group. In ketamine group (n=6) atropine sulphate and ketamine was used intramuscularly at the rate of 0.04 mg/kg body weight and 10 mg/ kg body weight respectively. In xylazine-ketamine group (n=3) xylazine and ketamine was used intramuscularly at the rate of 1 mg/kg body weight and 5 mg/kg body weight respectively. Blood samples were collected immediately after induction and 30 min after induction in both groups. Effects of anaesthetics on haematological and biochemical parameters such as TEC, TLC, Hb, PCV, DLC, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, HDL and LDL and clinical parameters such as rectal temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, muscle relaxation, jaw tone, pedal reflex, palpebral reflex and position of eye ball were studied. Rectal temperature was significantly lower (P<0.01) in group XK than in group K. Heart rate was significantly higher (P<0.01) in group K than in group XK. Respiratory rate was lower in group K than in group XK but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Hb and PCV level was significantly lower (P<0.05) in group XK than group K. TEC and TLC was higher in group K than in group XK but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Neutrophil and Eosinophil was higher in group XK than in group K but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Lymphocyte was lower in group XK than in group K but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Monocyte was significantly lower (P<0.05) in group XK than in group K. Serum cholesterol was higher in group XK than in group K but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Serum triglyceride and LDL was significantly higher (P<0.05) in group XK than in group K. HDL was lower in group XK than in group K but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Smooth induction was found in group XK and duration of anaesthesia was longer in group XK whereas smooth recovery was found in group K but duration of anaesthesia was shorter. Muscle relaxation was excellent in group XK in comparison to group K. It can be suggested from the results of this study that for shorter duration of anaesthesia only ketamine can be used but for longer duration, xylazine-ketamine combination will be appropriate.