bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Empirical Observation to Social Intervention: The Marxization of Psychology in China, 1949–1958
Authors: Gao Zhipeng
Published: October 2019

This article examines the Marxization of psychology in the first decade of socialist China, between 1949 and 1958. In this movement, a loose group of radical intellectuals called for the replacement of the empirical observation model popular in psychology with a social intervention model as exemplified by educators. This paradigmatic, transdisciplinary shift would encompass three epistemological–ontological nexuses. First, the radical intellectuals accused ahistorical empirical observation of failing to recognize that the Chinese mental capacity, so far impaired by class domination, could display tremendous growth in socialism. Second, they criticized experimental and naturalistic contexts of observation for revealing the human mind to be mechanistic rather than purposeful. To recognize human agency, psychologists must transform their objectivist conceptualization of reality to a sociopolitical one. Third, they denounced the ideal of value neutrality for eschewing political engagement while permitting instrumental rationality and its hidden normative judgments. The solution lay in a refocusing on mental content instead of mental process as the object of inquiry. By examining the Marxization of psychology in socialist China, this article aims to foster reflection on how Chinese and Western psychologists’ research assumptions are shaped by their sociopolitical milieux.
Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chang Wan-Ling , Lee Jiunn-Tay , Li Chi-Rong , Davis Amy H. T. , Yang Chia-Chen , Chen Yu-Ju
Published: October 2019

Background:

Autonomic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and psychological distress are associated with poorer prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback (BF) improves autonomic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and psychological distress in other patient populations, but its effect in patients with AIS is still unclear.

Objective:

This study investigated the effects of an HRVBF intervention on autonomic function, cognitive impairment, and psychological distress in patients with AIS.

Method:

In this randomized, controlled, single-blind trial, patients with AIS were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The experimental group received four HRVBF training sessions. The control group received usual care. Repeated measures of HRV, mini-mental status examination (MMSE), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS) were collected prior to and at 1 and 3 months postintervention.

Results:

A total of 35 patients completed the study (19 experimental, 16 control). HRV and HADS significantly improved in the experimental group ( p < .001) but not in the control group. Likewise, only the experimental group showed significant improvements in HRV, MMSE, and HADS over time ( p < .05).

Conclusion:

HRVBF is a promising intervention for improving autonomic function, cognitive impairment, and psychological distress in patients with AIS. More studies of HRVBF interventions are needed to further optimize the effects of HRVBF on autonomic, cognitive, and psychological function in patients with AIS.
Retrospective voting in Central and Eastern Europe: Hyper-accountability, corruption or socio-economic inequality?
Authors: Jastramskis Mažvydas , Kuokštis Vytautas , Baltrukevičius Matas
Published: October 2019

We investigate retrospective voting in the Central–Eastern European countries since the democratic transition. We find that the phenomenon of ‘hyper-accountability’ identified by earlier scholarship is still prevalent in the region – incumbents lose substantially on average. Economic conditions – unemployment and wealth – exert influence on the chances of incumbent re-election. However, contrary to expectations expressed in earlier scholarship, the influence of the economy on the election results does not strengthen over time. We also explore additional facets of retrospective voting and find that changes in socio-economic inequality are correlated with the vote share of incumbents. Finally, we also find evidence of an interaction between economic conditions and corruption as well as inequality when it comes to explaining incumbents’ electoral results.
Protecting the right to freedom from discrimination in Zambia: Understanding the constitutional and legislative grounds
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira
Published: October 2019

The Constitution of Zambia prohibits discrimination in different articles and the grounds on which a person may not be discriminated against are included in two different constitutional provisions – Article 23(3) and Article 266. Apart from the Constitution, some pieces of legislation prohibit discrimination and provide for grounds against which a person may not be discriminated against which are not provided for in the Constitution. Jurisprudence from Zambian courts has not been consistent on the question of whether the list of the grounds against which a person may not be discriminated against is exhaustive. With the exception of the ground of disability, the Constitution does not define the other grounds on which a person may not be discriminated against. In this article, it is argued, inter alia, that the existence of two constitutional provisions providing for different grounds could create uncertainty among some litigants and judicial officials and that in cases where the Constitution does not define the grounds of discrimination, courts could resort to relevant case law, legislation or dictionaries to define such grounds.
Analysis of thick-walled spherical shells subjected to external pressure: Elastoplastic and residual stress analysis
Authors: Kholdi Mohsen , Loghman Abbas , Ashrafi Hossein , Arefi Mohammad
Published: October 2019

When cylindrical and spherical vessels are subjected to the internal pressure, tensile tangential stresses are created throughout the thickness, the maximum of which are located at the inner surface of the vessels. To improve the performance of these vessels, autofrettage process has been devised to produce beneficial compressive residual stresses at the inner part of such vessels. The question arises whether the process such as autofrettage can be useful for vessels such as submarines or other thick walled tanks, which are used in deep sea waters and, therefore, subjected to high external hydrostatic pressure causing both radial and tangential stresses to be compressive across the thickness. On the other hand, is the residual stresses created by unloading from an external pressure beyond elastic limit beneficial and enhance their performances? In this study, elastoplastic and residual stresses in a thick-walled spherical vessel under external hydrostatic pressure has been investigated. The material behavior is considered to be elastic-perfectly plastic. Von Misses yield criterion is used to obtain initial yield point and for the ideal elastoplastic regime analytical relations are presented. It has been found that by applying external hydrostatic pressure yielding process will start from inside of the sphere. Finally after unloading, residual tensile stresses are created at the inner part of the vessel which is useful for the vessel. The residual stresses and the condition of reverse yielding is studied in this paper.
Solidarity under siege: The crimmigration of activism(s) and protest against border control in Spain
Authors: López-Sala Ana , Barbero Iker
Published: October 2019

Over the past two decades, the creation of the European border regime has increasingly sparked acts of protest and resistance by immigrants and led to the creation of initiatives to defend immigrant rights. This activism has provoked many European states to formalize what is known in the literature as ‘crimes of solidarity’ in their legal systems. Taking the Spanish case as an example, the objective of this article is to analyse the ‘crimmigration’ of protest and activism defending the rights of irregular immigrants at Europe’s southern border. This analysis describes the development and implementation of the repressive tactics employed by the state against activists, including forms of police control of protests, informal and formal dissuasion techniques, and the use of administrative and criminal sanctions. This work provides valuable insight into the practical impact of these crimmigration processes, particularly how they have affected activists, social organizations and immigrants, as well as how they have extended beyond the territory of the state (externalizing punishment).
High-flow nasal cannula therapy reduced the respiratory rate and respiratory distress in a standard model simulator and in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure
Authors: Motoyasu Akira , Moriyama Kiyoshi , Okano Hiromu , Yorozu Tomoko
Published: October 2019

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy has been increasingly applied to treat patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. We investigated whether vital signs reflect the reduction of work of breathing in a simulator study and a clinical study. In the simulator study, a standard model high-fidelity human patient simulator (HPS) directly received 35 L/minute of 100% O2 via the HFNC. In the clinical study, the medical records of patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure who received HFNC therapy between January 2013 and May 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way repeated analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post-hoc testing. In the HPS, HFNC therapy significantly reduced the partial pressure of alveolar CO2, respiratory rate, and tidal volume ( p < 0.001), and all values returned to baseline following HFNC therapy termination ( p < 0.001). In the clinical study including 48 patients, the respiratory rate was significantly reduced from 27 ± 9 (baseline) to 24 ± 8 (3 hours), 24 ± 8 (5 hours), and 24 ± 8.0 (6 hours) ( p < 0.05). The heart rate also decreased significantly ( p < 0.05). Our results suggested that HFNC therapy reduced work of breathing and assessing vital signs can be important.
Sexual Harassment of College and University Students: A Systematic Review
Authors: Klein L. B. , Martin Sandra L.
Published: October 2019

Increased attention to Title IX and the #MeToo movement has led to more interest in developing strategies to prevent forms of gender-based violence beyond acquaintance rape, including sexual harassment (SH). This study reviewed the extant literature published since 2000 on SH of college/university students ( n = 24) to determine (a) study methods, (b) sample sociodemographic characteristics, (c) prevalence, (d) risk and protective factors, and (e) consequences of campus SH. These studies shared the view that overall SH rates are high, but their findings were difficult to cross-evaluate due to variations in their study designs. Generally, unwanted sexual attention and gender harassment were more commonly experienced in campus SH occurrences than sexual coercion. Findings indicated that being White, a woman, or a sexual minority increased a student’s likelihood of experiencing SH while at a college/university. Student SH survivors rarely filed official reports but often faced a variety of mental and physical health consequences. Women of color experienced lower rates of SH but more severe consequences in the aftermath. This review concludes by detailing several implications for future research, as well as possible campus SH prevention, intervention, and policy protocols.
Midterm Follow-up of Fenestrated and Scalloped Physician-Modified Endovascular Grafts for Zone 2 TEVAR
Authors: Chassin-Trubert Lucien , Mandelli Marcello , Ozdemir Baris Ata , Alric Pierre , Gandet Thomas , Canaud Ludovic
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To investigate the midterm outcomes of scalloped or fenestrated physician-modified endovascular grafts (PMEGs) for zone 2 thoracic endovascular aortic repairs (TEVAR). Materials and Methods: Between November 2013 and May 2019, 54 consecutive patients (mean age 63 years; 41 men) were treated with thoracic PMEGs modified with 7 scallops or 47 fenestrations for the left subclavian artery (LSA). Indications for aortic repair were acute complicated type B aortic dissection (17, 31%), degenerative aneurysm (13, 24%), acute traumatic rupture of the aortic isthmus (9, 16%), post chronic dissection aneurysmal evolution (8, 15%), penetrating aortic ulcer (3, 6%), intramural hematoma (2, 4%), and floating thrombus (2, 4%). Results: Technical success was 94%; 3 (6%) LSAs were unintentionally covered. An intraoperative type Ia endoleak was treated during the index procedure. One (2%) patient suffered spinal cord ischemia, with irreversible bilateral paraplegia. Three (6%) patients experience postoperative minor strokes with full neurological recovery. Four (7%) patients died in the perioperative period; 2 (2%) were due to aneurysm rupture. Mean follow-up was 26±16 months; 15 (28%) patients had at least 3 years of follow-up. Two (4%) type II endoleaks were identified and successfully treated (4% reintervention rate); no other endoleaks were identified. All the LSAs remained clinically and radiologically patent. There were no conversions to open repair, ruptures, retrograde dissection, stent fracture, migrations, or other aortic complications. Conclusion: Scalloped or single-fenestrated PMEGs for the LSA appear to be durable and safe in the midterm. Combined with low periprocedural morbidity and mortality, these results suggest that this approach can be considered as an off-label alternative to extend proximal seal to zone 2 for TEVAR. Further studies with a larger number of patients and long-term outcomes are needed to fully validate this approach.
Practical Applications of Tack Implants for Infrainguinal Dissection Repair: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Lichtenberg Michael , Wojczik Hartmut , Stahlhoff Stefan , Romano Leonardo , Özkapi Ahmet , Breuckmann Frank
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To assess the practical application and acute outcomes of the Tack Endovascular System for infrainguinal dissection repair in a real-world setting. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one consecutive patients who underwent endovascular revascularization for symptomatic peripheral artery disease and experienced 63 dissections requiring treatment were included in the prospective, single-center, single-arm study between January and June 2019. Thirty-nine (76.5%) lesions were ≥10 cm in length, 33 (64.7%) were totally occluded, and 13 (25.5%) were severely calcified. Fifty-six (88.9%) dissections were classified as severe. Dissections were treated either by means of the 6-F above-the-knee (ATK) or the 4-F below-the-knee (BTK) Tack Endovascular System. Observational outcomes were conditions and scopes of application. Clinical outcomes were acute technical and procedural success as well as safety. Results: Lesions were revascularized with 2.3±0.8 attempts such as standard balloon angioplasty, drug-coated balloon angioplasty, atherectomy, and/or lithotripsy. The Endovascular System was applied in 60 (95.2%) of 63 dissections. All dissections of the femoral artery were treated with the ATK system, and all infrapopliteal dissections with the BTK system. Both systems were successfully applied in popliteal artery dissections. Dissection length predicted the number of Tack implants deployed. Technical success was achieved in 98.3% (59 of 60 dissections). No major adverse event or device-related complication occurred during the procedure. Conclusion: Acute results in effectiveness and safety of the Tack Endovascular System for infrainguinal dissection repair in a real-world setting are promising.
Conductive polyaniline-coated poly(p-phenylenetere phthamide) yarn-reinforced multiaxial composites for electromagnetic shielding
Authors: Hong Jianhan , Hu Chengye , Jin Lihua , Han Xiao , Yao Juming , Gali Ignacio Gil
Published: October 2019

Poly(p-phenylenetere phthamide) fiber is a high-performance synthetic fiber whose reinforced composites are widely used for their advantages of high strength and lightweight. However, the further potential usage of poly(p-phenylenetere phthamide) and its reinforced composites is limited in areas such as antistatic materials, conducting materials, and electromagnetic shielding materials due to their high electrical insulation. To improve the electrical conductivity, an online polymerization coating technology was used to manufacture conductive poly(p-phenylenetere phthamide)/polyaniline composite yarns continuously. The conductive poly(p-phenylenetere phthamide)/polyaniline composite yarns’ structure and properties such as surface morphology, electrical conductivity, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra, thermogravimetric performance, and mechanical properties were studied in details. Then, three kinds of multiaxial composites were prepared by using the conductive poly(p-phenylenetere phthamide)/polyaniline composite yarn as the reinforcement and unsaturated polyester resin as a matrix, and the electromagnetic shielding performance of the composites was measured. The results indicated that the conductivity of conductive poly(p-phenylenetere phthamide)/polyaniline composite yarn can reach to ∼160 S/m. The thermogravimetric performance of poly(p-phenylenetere phthamide) was reduced after conductive treatment. The mechanical properties of the composite yarns, such as the breaking strength and elongation, remained unchanged when the oxidant concentration was lower than 0.6 mol/L and decreased with the increase in the oxidant concentration. The electromagnetic shielding composites show a certain anti-electromagnetic radiation capability, and the shielding effectiveness value increased with the axial number and density of the conductive poly(p-phenylenetere phthamide)/polyaniline composite yarns. For the tetra-axial composite with a conductive yarn density of 37 yarns per inch, the average shielding effectiveness value in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 1500 MHz can exceed 22 dB.
Integrating Acceptance and Commitment Therapy With Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: A Case Study of an Adult Male With Mixed Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Brem Meagan J. , Coop Gordon Kristina , Stuart Gregory L.
Published: October 2019

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) gained support for treating transdiagnostic features of major depressive (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorders (GAD). However, ACT’s intrapersonal emphasis may be insufficient for targeting interpersonal treatment goals. Integrating ACT with functional analytic psychotherapy offers theory-based strategies for responding to ACT-specific processes through the contingent interpersonal relationship thereby targeting both intra- and interpersonal treatment goals. Yet, no research examined the efficacy of this integrative approach (i.e., functional-analytic acceptance and commitment therapy [FACT]) in treating comorbid MDD and GAD. In this case study, we conceptualized a man with comorbid MDD and GAD from a FACT perspective, described FACT treatment across 28 sessions, and presented pretreatment, termination, and 6-month posttreatment data on FACT-specific treatment targets. Depression symptoms, self-compassion, mindfulness, and interpersonal relationships improved despite unchanged physiological anxiety symptoms throughout treatment. These preliminary data provide clinicians with a conceptual framework for treating clients using FACT and may guide future research on integrative treatment approaches.
Biobehavioral utility of mindfulness-based art therapy: Neurobiological underpinnings and mental health impacts
Authors: Beerse Megan E , Van Lith Theresa , Pickett Scott M , Stanwood Gregg D
Published: October 2019

Mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT) combines mindfulness practices with art therapy to promote health, wellness, and adaptive responses to stress. Mindfulness-based stress reduction programs have been demonstrated to reduce anxiety symptoms in people with generalized anxiety disorder and serious medical conditions such as cancer. However, the benefits of MBAT specifically—not just in clinical anxiety disorders, but also for routine day-to-day anxiousness—have received little attention until recently. In this mini-review, we summarize how several established mindfulness-based interventions affect mental health with a specific focus on MBAT. We also describe and evaluate data indicating involvement of specific neural circuits and neuroendocrine markers of stress and/or anxiety. Lastly, we suggest areas of focus for future rigorous research on MBAT interventions and propose multiple biobehavioral and physiological mechanisms through which therapeutic benefits may be achieved.

Impact statement

Recent studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of intensive MBAT and other mindfulness-based interventions for severe health conditions including cancer, heart disease, and anxiety, with effectiveness that rivals and sometimes even exceeds cognitive behavior therapy. MBAT-based approaches appear to be poised to mature into large-scale, cost-effective therapies for mental health disorders and symptoms comorbid with other serious health issues. However, the field currently suffers from inconsistent deployment protocols and needs additional validation data—at the behavioral, neuroendocrine, and neural levels—in order to establish best practices.
Contraceptive Decision Making Among Latina Immigrants: Developing Theory-Based Survey Items
Authors: Carvajal Diana N. , Mudafort Paola C. Rivera , Barnet Beth , Blank Arthur E.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Contraception is important for reproductive autonomy, yet many Latinas do not use contraception consistently despite research reporting a desire to do so. Factors varying in priority and value come into play during contraceptive decision making. When measuring these, relevant survey items may vary by populations.

Aim:

This study focused on developing an ethnically responsive, patient-centered, content-valid survey for measuring factors that influence contraceptive decision making among immigrant Latinas.

Method:

Nonpregnant self-identified Latinas ages 15 to 24 years in Baltimore, MD, were recruited from a family planning facility. Using the theory of planned behavior as a theoretical framework and prior formative research, initial survey items were drafted (Step 1). Content validation and cognitive interviewing procedures (Step 2 and Step 3) were used to develop final items.

Results:

Final items (27) were content-validated by the target population; items reflect important factors and relevant contexts affecting contraceptive decision making among Latinas in Baltimore.

Discussion:

These theory-based items provide an important contribution to the literature because they measure and explore factors related to contraceptive decision making in an understudied population. Providers might consider these factors during counseling to build patient-centered communication. These items might serve to measure responses to theory of planned behavior–based interventions designed to improve the contraceptive counseling of Latinas.
Energy harvesting Internet of Things health-based paradigm: Towards outage probability reduction through inter–wireless body area network cooperation
Authors: Thabit Ahmed A , Mahmoud Mahmoud Shuker , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Abbasi Qammer H
Published: October 2019

In today’s healthcare environment, the Internet of Things technology provides suitability among physicians and patients, as it is valuable in numerous medicinal fields. Wireless body sensor network technologies are essential technologies in the growth of Internet of Things healthcare paradigm, where every patient is monitored utilising small-powered and lightweight sensor nodes. A dual-hop, inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation and an incremental inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation with energy harvesting in the Internet of Things health-based paradigm have been investigated and designed in this work. The three protocols have been named and abbreviated as follows: energy harvesting–based dual-hop cooperation, energy harvesting–based inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation and energy harvesting–based incremental inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation. Outage probabilities for the three designed protocols were investigated and inspected, and mathematical expressions of the outage probabilities were derived. The simulation and numerical results showed that the energy harvesting–based incremental inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation provided superior performance over the energy harvesting–based inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation and energy harvesting–based dual-hop cooperation by 1.38 times and 5.72 times, respectively; while energy harvesting–based inter–wireless body sensor network cooperation achieved better performance over energy harvesting–based dual-hop cooperation by 1.87 times.
Thinking and Doing: Challenge, Agency, and the Eudaimonic Experience in Video Games
Authors: Cole Tom , Gillies Marco
Published: October 2019

The nascent growth of video games has led to great leaps in technical understanding in how to create a functional and entertaining play experience. However, the complex, mixed-affect, eudaimonic entertainment experience that is possible when playing a video game—how it is formed, how it is experienced, and how to design for it—has been investigated far less than hedonistic emotional experiences focusing on fun, challenge, and “enjoyment.” Participants volunteered to be interviewed about their mixed-affect emotional experiences of playing avant-garde video games. New conceptions of agency emerged (actual, interpretive, fictional, mechanical) from the analysis of transcripts and were used to produce a framework of four categories of agency. This new framework offers designers and researchers the extra nuance in conversations around agency and contributes to the discussion of how we can design video games that allow for complex, reflective, eudaimonic emotional experiences.
Design and analysis of five-link-rod rigid constraint support scheme for engine–accessory system vibration control
Authors: Zhang Pandeng , Liu Zhao , Jin Tao , Chen Weiqiang , Zhu Yutian , Zheng Zhengzhong
Published: October 2019

Vibration generated by engine and its accessories deteriorates product performance. At present, lacking global model, mounting design of engine and accessories are separate, not conductive to solving the vibration of engine, belt, and accessories as a whole. In this article, three problems of the typical structure are analyzed, that is, the belt tension is unstable, static preloading makes engine mount design deviate, and the belt is prone to lateral vibration. Then, a rigid constraint rod is proposed to fix the center distance. The vibrational motion equation is established. By matrix analysis, the accessory mount along the rod is canceled. Then, engine and accessories can be analyzed as independent systems. Among them, the vibration isolation of the engine tends to be good, and for accessories and belts, the influences of the accessory mount stiffness on the force and torque transmission rate and belt vibration response were comprehensively evaluated, and that the infinite stiffness is presented. The innovative design of five-rod structure mainly composed of two connecting rods is obtained which does not transfer vibration perpendicular to rod and the vibration of engine, belt, and accessories are all well controlled. This experiment proves the five-link structure as a useful solution.
Squeezing flow of convectively heated fluid in porous medium with binary chemical reaction and activation energy
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Farooq Muhammad , Anjum Aisha , Mir Nazir Ahmad
Published: October 2019

In this communication, attention is paid to analyze theoretically the influence of the temperature-dependent binary chemical reaction for hydro-magnetic viscous fluid flow, flowing through the porous medium due to the squeezing phenomenon. For better understanding of variations in the processes of convective heat and mass transport, Arrhenius activation energy is also accounted. The equations governing the flow, heat, and mass are altered into non-linear differential system (ordinary differential equation) by means of suitable conversion methods. Efficient convergent technique is employed to compute resulting non-linear system. The solutions thus acquired are utilized to interrogate the behavior of the physical operating variables on flow velocity, fluid temperature, and fluid concentration. Coefficient of skin friction and rate of heat and mass transport are graphically elaborated. From the graphs, it is concluded that the temperature of fluid dominates against activation energy parameter [Formula: see text] and reaction parameter [Formula: see text]. However, an opposite trend is noted for concentration field. Moreover, temperature field and fluid concentration are incremented for dominant thermal and solutal Biot numbers, respectively. This analysis has the industrial processes which include engine cooling system, polymer industry, lubrication mechanisms, design of cooling and heating systems, molding of plastic sheets, designing porous surfaces to decrease drag, optimizing oil/gas production, in the domain of engineering (i.e. chemical, biomedical, geothermal etc.), chemical or nuclear system, cooling process in nuclear reaction, biochemical process, bimolecular reaction, and polymeric flows which is electrically conducted can be restrained and managed by exploiting the magnetic field. Encouraged by such physical situations, the proposed analysis is accomplished.
Osteosynthesis of fifth metacarpal neck fractures with a photodynamic polymer bone stabilization system
Authors: Surke Carsten , Meier Rahel , Haug Luzian , Vögelin Esther
Published: October 2019

Metacarpal neck fractures with severe displacement are commonly treated surgically with intramedullary Kirschner wires. We present the results of treatment of fifth metacarpal neck fractures using a light curable intramedullary photodynamic polymer (IlluminOss™, IlluminOss Medical Inc., East Providence, RI, USA). Twenty-nine patients with isolated displaced fifth metacarpal neck fractures were included and followed up for 12–24 weeks. All fractures had radiologically healed after 3 months. In two cases, a secondary loss of reduction was seen, which did not require further correction. During the follow-up period, range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint was 89% after 6 weeks and increased to 100% after 3 months compared with the uninjured side. Grip strength improved over time from 61% to 85%. No implant removal was necessary. We conclude that osteosynthesis using an intramedullary photodynamic polymer is a reliable treatment option for displaced fractures of the fifth metacarpal neck.

Level of evidence: IV
A Review of Current Knowledge of Zamiaceae, With Emphasis on Zamia From South America
Authors: Segalla Rosane , Telles Francismeire Jane , Pinheiro Fábio , Morellato Patrícia
Published: October 2019

Zamiaceae, a family of the ancient order Cycadales, is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old and New Worlds. Here, we present a systematic review of Zamiaceae with emphasis on Zamia species from South America. We aim to (a) establish the current knowledge, (b) identify research gaps, and (c) indicate directions for future studies, discussing ecology and conservation of South America species. The search recovered 508 papers, further classified into 11 research topics: taxonomy and systematics, morphology, biochemistry, genetics, phylogeography, population ecology, reproductive biology, ecological interactions, plant propagation, conservation, and reviews. The number of publications doubled in the 21st century, mostly focusing on genetics ( n = 60), taxonomy and systematics ( n = 52), morphology ( n = 36), ecological interactions ( n = 30), and an increasing interest in population ecology ( n = 29) and conservation ( n = 32). Studies are concentrated in North and Central America (54% of all studies) with just 6% (29) addressing South America species of Zamia. Overall, studies point out the key role of pollinators in promoting gene flow through pollen dispersal among populations of Zamiaceae. Therefore, investigate natural history, ecology, reproductive biology, genetic, and phylogeography, especially for South America species, are needed. Moreover, the implementation of in situ and ex situ collections and germplasm banks linked to botanical gardens are essential for the conservation and reestablishment of local populations of critically endangered Zamia species in South America. Concomitantly, we suggest studies modeling the distribution of Zamia species in future climate change scenarios.
Who Do Multiracials Consider Part of Their Racial In-Group?
Authors: Vinluan A. Chyei , Remedios Jessica D.
Published: October 2019

We propose that Multiracials have flexible racial in-groups in that Multiracials can potentially consider members from three target racial groups as in-group members: same-race Multiracials, racial component Monoracials, and different-race Multiracials. Across three studies, we find that Black/Whites and Asian/Whites consider racial component Minorities (i.e., Blacks or Asians) and different-race Multiracials who share their Minority identity (i.e., Black/Asians) as in-group members in addition to, but to a lesser extent than, same-race Multiracials (i.e., Black/Whites or Asian/Whites). Moreover, participants who reported frequently encountering discrimination related to their Black or Asian backgrounds were more likely to consider individuals who share their Minority background as in-group members. Implications for Multiracials’ psychological well-being and the broader intergroup literature are discussed.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated With Parvovirus B19 in a Patient With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Macauley Precious , Abu-Hishmeh Mohammad , Dumancas Carissa , Alexander-Rajan Vijay , Piedra-Chavez Fernando , Nada Khaled , Habtes Imnett , Popescu Andrea , Mamorska-Dyga Aleksandra
Published: October 2019

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening condition characterized by widespread inflammation due to massive immune activation and cytokine release. It is of 2 types, primary or familial and secondary or acquired. Diagnosis is made by fulfilling 5 of 8 criteria as determined by the Histiocyte Society. Treatment includes etoposide, dexamethasone, with or without intrathecal methotrexate in the presence of neurologic involvement as well as treating the underlying cause in secondary HLH. We present a case of a 23-year-old female with congenital human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who presents with nonspecific signs and symptoms of cough, fever, leukopenia, and anemia, and a high-serum parvovirus B19 DNA, later diagnosed with HLH and treated with etoposide and dexamethasone. She made clinical improvements and was successfully discharged to home after 26 days of admission.
Parents Need More Support: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Australian Parents Who Are Waiting for Surgical Intervention for Their Children With Otitis Media
Authors: Stephens Jacqueline H , O’Keefe Maree , Schembri Mark , Baghurst Peter A
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To explore the experiences, expectations, and motivations of parents/caregivers of children with otitis media who were booked to undergo tympanostomy tube insertion.

Method:

A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted using semistructured interviews with 39 parents. Interviews were conducted via telephone and analyzed for key themes.

Results:

Three themes emerged that incorporated a range of subthemes: (1) the impact of the child’s underlying condition on the family, (2) the cues and prompts that influenced parents to seek intervention, and (3) the parents’ expectations of the health-care system. The child’s otitis media disrupted the day-to-day functioning of the family and the child’s well-being, but despite this, the families found ways to adapt and cope. Parents were influenced by their friends, family, and medical practitioners when making treatment decisions and had differing expectations of the health-care system.

Conclusion:

Parents need support during their child’s illness to help with pressures placed on the family and also in making health-care decisions for their child. Clinicians should consider these issues when discussing treatment options with parents.
Who is the Teacher and Who is the Student? The Dual Service- and Engaged-Learning Pedagogical Model of Anatomy Academy
Authors: Diaz Molly M , Ojukwu Kenechukwu , Padilla Jessica , Steed Kevin , Schmalz Naomi , Tullis Autumn , Mageno Alex , McCleve Jeff , White Erik , Stark M Elena , Morton David A , Seastrand Gary , Ray Gaye , Lassetter Jane , Wilson-Ashworth Heather A , Wisco Jonathan J
Published: October 2019

Anatomy Academy is a simultaneous service-learning experience for preprofessional school undergraduate students and preclinical professional students acting as classroom paraprofessional teachers (Mentors), and engaged-learning experience for fourth to sixth grade elementary school children (Students). Using didactic and kinesthetic active learning teaching strategies in small-group classroom environments, Mentors taught anatomy, physiology, and nutrition concepts to Students. In this study of the program’s early years (2012-2014), overall objectives of improving Mentors’ pedagogical confidence; and Students’ science interest, science knowledge, and exercise self-efficacy were assessed. Mentors showed (89% response of 595 surveyed) improvement in content delivery ( P < .001), student engagement ( P < .001), classroom management ( P < .001), and professionalism ( P = .0001). Postprogram Mentor reflections were categorized into 7 major themes that demonstrated personal growth through the service-learning opportunity: (1) realization of an ability to make a difference in the world now; (2) acknowledgment of the importance of listening in teaching; (3) recognition that lives can and will change with “a little love”; (4) insight into the effectiveness of guiding Students through material rather than lecturing; (5) awareness of the value of respect in the learning environment; (6) cognizance of the power of individualized attention to motivate Students; and (7) reflection of one’s own personal growth through the open influence of Students. Students showed (88% response of 1259 surveyed) improvement in science knowledge ( P = .014) and exercise self-efficacy ( P = .038), but not science interest ( P = .371). Thus, while Students are learning more science and becoming more aware of their health, we need to be more overt in our presence as scientists in the educational arena.
Making the subsurface political: How enhanced oil recovery techniques reshaped the energy transition
Authors: Chailleux Sébastien
Published: October 2019

Analyzing the case of France, this article aims to explain how the development of enhanced oil recovery techniques over the last decade contributed to politicizing the subsurface, that is putting underground resources at the center of social unrest and political debates. France faced a decline of its oil and gas activity in the 1990s, followed by a renewal with subsurface activity in the late 2000s using enhanced oil recovery techniques. An industrial demonstrator for carbon capture and storage was developed between 2010 and 2013 , while projects targeting unconventional oil and gas were pushed forward between 2008 and 2011 before eventually being canceled. We analyze how the credibility, legitimacy, and governance of those techniques were developed and how conflicts made the role of the subsurface for energy transition the target of political choices. The level of political and industrial support and social protest played a key role in building project legitimacy, while the types of narratives and their credibility determined the distinct trajectories of hydraulic fracturing and carbon capture and storage in France. The conflicts over enhanced oil recovery techniques are also explained through the critical assessment of the governance framework that tends to exclude civil society stakeholders. We suggest that these conflicts illustrated a new type of politicization of the subsurface by merging geostrategic concerns with social claims about governance, ecological demands about pollution, and linking local preoccupations to global climate change.
A review of fundamental principles and applications of polymer nanocomposites filled with both nanoclay and nano-sized carbon allotropes – Graphene and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kausar Ayesha
Published: October 2019

Advancements in polymer/nanoclay nanocomposites have supported the development of distinctive preparation strategies and characteristic features. High-performance polymer/nanoclay nanocomposites have applications in aerospace, automotive, construction, environmental, and biomedicine. To further improve polymer/nanoclay nanocomposite performance, nanoclay nanobifillers have been considered. In this regard, nano-sized carbon allotropes are potential contenders to form nanoclay nanobifillers. This article presents a detailed and state-of-the-art review on polymer/nanoclay nanobifiller nanocomposites. The primary focus of this pioneering effort is to deliver an up-to-date overview on polymer/nanoclay nanobifiller nanocomposites along with their categorization, fabrication, properties, and uses. Nanoclay nanobifiller designs using carbon nanotube, graphene, and fullerene are considered. Consequently, ensuing nanocomposite categories are discussed including polymer/nanoclay-carbon nanotube, polymer/nanoclay-graphene, and polymer/nanoclay-fullerene nanocomposites. The dispersion properties and alignment of nanoclay nanobifiller in polymeric nanocomposites have been investigated. Enhancing the interfacial bonding strength between matrix and nanoclay nanobifiller enhances the resulting nanocomposite physical properties. Application areas for polymer/nanoclay nanobifiller nanocomposites include supercapacitors, non-flammable materials, and self-healing materials. The discussion also highlights potential future directions for this emerging research field. Forthcoming advancements in polymer/nanoclay nanobifiller nanocomposites must focus the intensive design control, nanobifiller functionality, new processing techniques, superior dispersion, and enhanced features to further broaden the application prospects of these materials.
Comparison of Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Investigation of Renal Lesions
Authors: Prince Jessica T.
Published: October 2019

This review explores the classification and evaluation of suspicious renal lesions across several radiologic imaging modalities. Diagnostic medical sonography (DMS), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are the primary modalities used to investigate questionable lesions found within the kidneys. Renal masses may range from completely benign to malignant. They are classified based on many different features and characteristics. These lesions may be simple cystic, complex cystic, or solid in nature. Masses may also exhibit varying degrees of vascularity, septations, and calcifications. The discussed imaging modalities have varying strengths, limitations, and implications for use. Imaging techniques may be used independently or in conjunction to best diagnose and treat a patient with a suspicious renal mass. The aim of this review was to describe the diagnostic value of the imaging modalities (DMS, CT, MRI, and CEUS) and their role in the evaluation of suspicious renal lesions.
Identification of amino acid residues that are crucial for FXIII-A intersubunit interactions and stability
Authors: Li Bojun , Kohler Hans P. , Schroeder Verena
Published: October 2019

Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) is the main stabilizer of the fibrin clot. It circulates in plasma as a tetramer of two A-subunits and two B-subunits. Under physiological conditions, FXIII-A exists as a dimer (FXIII-A2). The interactions between the FXIII-A-subunits that stabilize the FXIII-A2 dimer are not fully understood. We therefore designed a systematic approach to identify amino acid residues crucial for the expression and stability of FXIII-A2. Based on the available FXIII-A2 crystal structure, we identified 12 amino acid residues forming intersubunit salt bridges and 21 amino acid residues forming hydrogen bonds between the two A-subunits. We chose 10 amino acid residues that form 5 particularly strong interactions, performed site-directed mutagenesis, and expressed the mutants in CHO cells. Disruption of these interactions by single mutation of Lys257, Lys113, Asp343, Glu401, or Asp404 abolished the expression of properly folded, soluble, and functional FXIII-A in CHO cells. On the contrary, mutation of Glu111, Arg100, or Asn112 had no significant effect on FXIII-A expression. Our results suggest that 4 intersubunit interactions (Arg11-Asp343, Lys113-Asp367, Lys257-Glu401, and Arg260-Asp404) are essential for the stability of FXIII-A2. Our findings are supported by reported mutations at Lys257, Arg260, and Asp404 found in patients with congenital FXIII-A deficiency.
Therapy-induced mutations drive the genomic landscape of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Li Benshang , Brady Samuel W. , Ma Xiaotu , Shen Shuhong , Zhang Yingchi , Li Yongjin , Szlachta Karol , Dong Li , Liu Yu , Yang Fan , Wang Ningling , Flasch Diane A. , Myers Matthew A. , Mulder Heather L. , Ding Lixia , Liu Yanling , Tian Liqing , Hagiwara Kohei , Xu Ke , Zhou Xin , Sioson Edgar , Wang Tianyi , Yang Liu , Zhao Jie , Zhang Hui , Shao Ying , Sun Hongye , Sun Lele , Cai Jiaoyang , Sun Hui-Ying , Lin Ting-Nien , Du Lijuan , Li Hui , Rusch Michael , Edmonson Michael N. , Easton John , Zhu Xiaofan , Zhang Jingliao , Cheng Cheng , Raphael Benjamin J. , Tang Jingyan , Downing James R. , Alexandrov Ludmil B. , Zhou Bin-Bing S. , Pui Ching-Hon , Yang Jun J. , Zhang Jinghui
Published: October 2019

Li and colleagues report the genomic landscape of over 100 patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Analysis of diagnosis-relapse-remission trios suggest that whereas early relapse is mediated by retained subclones, late relapse is driven by mutations induced by and conferring resistance to chemotherapy.
A Nuclear Factor Y (NFY) Site Positively Regulates the Human CD34 Stem Cell Gene
Authors: Radomska Hanna S. , Satterthwaite Anne B. , Taranenko Natalie , Narravula Sailaja , Krause Diane S. , Tenen Daniel G.
Published: October 2019

Proper regulation of the human CD34 gene requires a combinatorial action of multiple proximal and long-range, ciselements. This report shows that, like the murine CD34 5′ untranslated region (UTR), the corresponding region of the human CD34 gene is necessary for optimal promoter activity. We localized the most critical element of this region to base pairs +48/+75. Through oligonucleotide competition and antibody supershift experiments in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we found that this sequence contains a binding site (CCAAT box) for the transcription factor NFY (nuclear factor Y), a factor mediating cell type-specific and cell-cycle regulated expression of genes. Mutating this site led to a 5-fold decrease in CD34 promoter activity in transient transfection experiments. Interestingly, NFY binds adjacently to the earlier identified c-myb binding site. Here we show that both binding sites are important for CD34 promoter function: mutating either site alone decreased CD34 promoter-driven reporter gene activity 4-fold. We also show that the integrity of the c-myb binding site is necessary for stabilization of NFY binding to its site. Such cooperation between c-myb, which is expressed in early hematopoietic cells, and NFY, which is expressed in many cell types, might contribute to specific activation of CD34 in stem cells. The CCAAT box motif was also noted in the 5′ UTR of the murine CD34 gene, however, NFY did not bind to this region. Thus, our results indicate that the functional similarities between the human and murine CD34 5′ UTRs are achieved through different molecular mechanism(s).