bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colonización por macroinvertebrados acuáticos en dos sustratos en un río de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Padilla García Cristian Alberto , Tamaris Turizo Cesar Enrique , Sierra Labastidas Tatiana K
Published: November 2022

Los macroinvertebrados acuáticos de ecosistemas lóticos son muy importantes porque son los grupos más abundantes y diversos; sin embargo, procesos ecológicos como la colonización de esos ambientes por estos taxones han sido poco estudiados en el Neotrópico. Con el objetivo de analizar el proceso de colonización por macroinvertebrados acuáticos en sustratos naturales y artificiales durante las épocas de sequía y lluvia en la parte media del río Gaira (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta), se instalaron placas de cerámica como sustrato artificial y rocas como sustrato natural, y fueron expuestos por uno, dos, ocho, 16, 24, 32 y 41 días a la colonización natural por ellos. Se compararon las diferencias entre sustratos y entre épocas en densidad, la abundancia y la riqueza de colonizadores. Durante los procesos de colonización, no se detectaron diferencias significativas en la estructura de las comunidades de los macroinvertebrados entre sustratos (ANOSIM, P > 0,05, R = 0,015), pero sí entre épocas climáticas (ANOSIM, P < 0,05, R = 0,267), de manera que, durante la época de sequía se presentó la mayor abundancia y riqueza. Los taxones más abundantes fueron los géneros Simulium, Heterelmis, Baetodes, Anacroneuria, Leptohyphes y la subfamilia Orthocladiinae. La riqueza de géneros fue mayor en la época lluviosa para sustratos naturales (49 taxones). Este estudio mostró que la variación en el caudal es un factor preponderante que regula los procesos de colonización y la conformación de la estructura de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en sustratos naturales y artificiales en la parte media de un río Neotropical.
Teaching Control Theory: A Selection of Methodology Based on Learning Styles
Authors: Rojas-Palacio Cinthia Viviana , Arango-Zuluaga Eliana Isabel , Botero-Castro Héctor Antonio
Published: November 2022

This research results from the need to establish a connection between educational methodologies and students’ learning styles so that students can understand concepts with a high level of abstraction, such as control concepts. For this, definitions for learning, learning styles and active educational methodology from an engineering perspective were proposed. Then, a review of the literature on the use of learning styles in engineering, specifically in the area of systems control, is also presented. Finally, a methodology with a laboratory approach, integrating active methodologies and a learning style model, to teach control concepts was proposed.
Características y uso de material escrito en los cursos de ingeniería
Authors: Álvarez Hernán
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo discute las características y usos del material escrito en cursos de ingeniería. Se presenta una discusión breve sobre el tipo de lectores que existen en un salón de clase, buscando caracterizar el tipo de material escrito a usar. Se habla de los libros de texto y las notas de clase, listando sus características y capacidades para ser soporte en la enseñanza de un tema. Todo se liga con la narrativa del curso, un recuento breve sobre los conceptos y teorías que se tratan durante el curso. Se dan unos comentarios finales, dejados como temas abiertos para que el lector los discuta desde su experiencia en un aula de clase.
Engineering design, complexity in its teaching
Authors: Paz-Penagos Hernan , Pérez-Tristancho Carlos Andrés
Published: November 2022

The trend toward increasing the design component in engineering curricula is part of an effort to better prepare graduates for engineering practice. The objective of the article is to review and contrast some methodological strategies of engineering design teaching at the university level to analyze the psychological theories in teaching practice and the temporal location of these courses within 5 years of the program. The results of the bibliographic review made allowed us to infer psychological postures, preferably cognitive and constructivist, and the location of design courses in the first semesters of engineering curricula. However, engineering design courses are recommended throughout the degree (taking as a reference some results of the Saber PRO tests) in which students participate in applied projects, and get closer to the industry, as more favorable strategies for the adaptation of future engineers to the particular demands of the national productive sector.
A methodology for technological appropriation
Authors: Bermeo-Acosta Franklin Armando , Diaz-Plata Pedro Joaquín
Published: November 2022

This article summarizes the results of a project that integrates scientific and educational research in the engineering field. It originated from a technological appropriation process of Physical Deposition in Vapor Phase (PVD), in which students from the Faculty of Engineering have been involved to reach a level of technological entrepreneurship skills development. For this purpose, a theoretical-methodological strategy based on integrative projects was designed and implemented which seeks to contribute to student qualification in formative research. The conclusions point out the importance of establishing cross-sectional theoretical-practical elective courses in the faculty to direct students towards technological appropriation that allows to create a hotbed of research and choose to write their senior thesis in these areas to contribute to the training of human resources.
The cashier service macroprocess analysis in a supermarket organization: a quality management and simulation case study
Authors: Alves de Melo Gustavo , Mendonça Peixoto Maria Gabriela , Borges Barbosa Samuel , Angélico de Mendonça Maria Cristina
Published: November 2022

This paper aimed to optimize the cashier service macroprocess in a supermarket located in the Alto Paranaiba. Decision-making tools were applied, such as brainstorming, process mapping, Ishikawa diagram and PDCA cycle. The simulation type was based on the M/M/1 model, in the context of Queuing Theory. Thus, factors such as customer satisfaction and increased productivity were sought through systematic control and continuous improvement of the cashiers' service macroprocess. Finally, the alignment carried out between the PDCA cycle and the Routine Management brought an effective contribution, represented by the standardization of the macroprocess, by the construction of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
Methodology to rehabilitate hydroelectric power plants
Authors: Aurélio de Araujo Marcos , Gimenez Ledesma Jorge Javier , Ando Júnior Oswaldo Hideo
Published: November 2022

Repowering the Brazilian hydroelectric park is a way to expand the use of energy from hydro sources, even in a scenario where the options to build new projects are increasingly restricted. Several technical and economic aspects must be considered when evaluating the feasibility to carry out a repowering process, where indicators are considered to choose the best option. The repowering suggests the addition of assured energy, however, electromechanical equipment improvement may occur simultaneously with automation systems. Sizing is generally precise for a hydropower plant and there is no need for repowering so that the project can increase its useful life, consequently, rehabilitation is recommended. This paper shows a methodology to evaluate intervention alternatives in a project, as well as a rehabilitation case study for the Marimbondo Hydroelectric Power Plant
Cambios causados por la pandemia por COVID-19 en la estrategia de mercadeo digital en pymes exportadoras de Costa Rica
Authors: Jiménez Arias María Laura , Arce Gutiérrez Susan , Faith-Vargas Margie
Published: November 2022

Las pymes exportadoras son esenciales en las economías; sin embargo, debido a sus características, hay barreras que pueden debilitar su desempeño exportador. La crisis causada por la pandemia por covid-19 se ha convertido en uno de esos obstáculos y ha impactado los negocios internacionales, por lo que han surgido nuevas formas de realizar los negocios como la movilización hacia la virtualización y el uso de medios digitales como parte de sus estrategias. Lo anterior denota la importancia del marketing digital, por lo que este artículo tiene como propósito evaluar los cambios en sus estrategias generados por esta pandemia y su relación con el desempeño en sus exportaciones. El presente estudio empleó una investigación cualitativa con un diseño de estudio de casos, donde se aplicaron entrevistas a profundidad a cinco pymes exportadoras costarricenses. Las principales limitaciones fueron la dificultad para contactar a las empresas y el desconocimiento en marketing por parte de estas. Los datos se analizaron a través del software ATLAS.ti 9, encontrando que los cambios en las actividades y herramientas de marketing digital han sido esenciales debido a la calidad de la información que han brindado, permitiendo mantener las actividades de las pymes durante la pandemia. Se destaca que el uso de esta información puede, a su vez, tener una relación con el desempeño exportador.
Teotl, Cipactly y la intelectualidad teosófica salvadoreña
Authors: Mejía Burgos Otto German
Published: November 2022

Este artículo se divide en tres secciones a fin de comprender el desarrollo de la Teosofía en El Salvador, la primera trata sobre la historia de la logia más antigua del país, la cual aún existe en la actualidad, cuya denominación es “Sociedad Teosófica Teotl”, la segunda versa sobre Cipactly, una revista de la década de los treinta publicó una serie de artículos sobre la doctrina en estudio. Finalmente. elaboramos un bosquejo sobre la trayectoria de algunos de los intelectuales más renombrados de principios de siglo XX que eran miembros de las logias o que simplemente simpatizaban con el movimiento.
Masonería Hispana y sus luchas democráticas de José Antonio Ferrer Benimeli
Authors: Morales Ruiz Juan José
Published: November 2022

Reseña del libro La Masonería Hispana y sus luchas democráticas. Sueños de libertad de José Antonio Ferrer Benimeli. Oviedo: masónica.es, 2022. 491páginas. ISBN: 978-84-19044-27-3.

Reseñado por Juan José Morales Ruiz
Raíces rituales del Rito Escocés Antiguo y Aceptado en las tradiciones masónicas novohispanas y mexicanas de los siglos XIX al XXI
Authors: Martínez Moreno Carlos Francisco
Published: November 2022

Los rituales del Rito Escocés Antiguo y Aceptado tienen antecedentes en una Orden del siglo XVIII y en leyendas vinculadas al rey Federico de Prusia. Los antiguos rituales escoceses fueron la base de los usados por los Supremos Consejos regulares del mundo, con un contenido trascendente, cabalístico “secreto”, que pudo haberse perdido; otros grupos irregulares de Europa, de Estados Unidos y del Caribe, arraigaron sus tradiciones en la Nueva España y en México. Algunas ideas de sus rituales afectan su doctrina hasta el siglo XXI, limitándola a fines políticos, al anticlericalismo y la intolerancia contra otros ritos masónicos.
caso criminal masónico contra Luis Zuloaga, por infiel al Rito de York
Authors: Vázquez Semadeni María Eugenia
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo analiza la profunda relación en México entre la masonería y la política tras la independencia. Este análisis de un juicio masónico contra un miembro de la logia “Apoteosis de Hidalgo,” en Chihuahua, ilustra cómo la masonería Yorkina en México se convirtió en un centro de acción política e incorporó elementos políticos en los principios y las prácticas masónicas.  Influyó en las nuevas prácticas políticas republicanas, como las elecciones. También mostramos la importancia de la prensa y el debate público, así como la interacción entre la política local y la nacional, interacción a la contribuyeron las logias simbólicas locales.
Rito Escocés Antiguo y Aceptado
Authors: Del Solar Felipe Santiago
Published: November 2022

Presentación del volumen 14, número 2 de la REHMLAC+.
II Seminario Permanente Internacional de Historia de las Masonerías
Authors: Sánchez Gálvez Samuel
Published: November 2022

II Seminario Permanente Internacional de Historia de las Masonerías:  Masonerías, mar y migraciones, Centro de Estudios Históricos de la Masonería Española (CEHME) de la Universidad de Zaragoza y con la colaboración de la Coordinación de Asuntos Internacionales y la Revista de Estudios Históricos de la Masonería Latinoamericana y Caribeña de la Sede del Pacífico de la Universidad de Costa Rica, la Fundación Joly Höhr de Cádiz, la Cátedra Internacional Historia de la Masonería Latinoamérica y Caribe “José Antonio Ferrer Benimeli” de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (México) y el Centro di Richerche Storiche Sulla Libera Muratoria de la Universidad de Turín (Italia), abril 29-mayo 2, 2022.
Spiritual Practice and the Art of Ecological Living
Authors: Guess Deborah
Published: November 2022

Arguably, responses to the ecological crisis need to go further than renewable technology and emissions policy to embrace deeper and wider changes in ideas, attitudes and behaviour and more broadly cultivate an art of ecological living. This article discusses two sets of spiritual practice that contain within them seeds that implicitly cohere with an ecological ethos and therefore might be conducive to cultivating an ecologically sensitive way of living. These are the spiritual exercises of Greek and Roman philosophical schools, especially as understood by Pierre Hadot, and the contemporary practice of Christian meditation. This article discusses three aspects that, despite acknowledged differences, are common to both the ancient spiritual exercises and contemporary Christian meditation: the way they aim to transform the whole of the practitioner’s life, resonating with ecology’s broad and holistic scope; the centrality of paying attention, enabling the practitioner to be grounded in the present time and place which in turn facilitates greater awareness of what is other to us; and the advocacy of an ethic of self-restraint, countering the ideology and practice of constant growth and consumerism.
Bettina E. Schmidt and Jeff Leonardi (eds), Spirituality and Wellbeing: Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Religious Experience and Health
Authors: Lutkajtis Anna
Published: November 2022

Bettina E. Schmidt and Jeff Leonardi (eds), Spirituality and Wellbeing: Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Religious Experience and HealthSheffield, UK and Bristol, CT: Equinox, 2020, pp. vii + 248, ISBN: 9-781781-797655 (pbk). £26.95.
Jesus in Schools
Authors: Burritt Amanda
Published: November 2022

The 1872 Education Act stated that education in the state of Victoria would be ‘free, compulsory and secular’. In the years following World War II there was a broadly endorsed imperative to maintain British cultural identity as an essential component of the national character of Australia as a Commonwealth nation. Associated Protestant moral values were believed to be a crucial underpinning of good citizenship and democracy. In 1946 the Council for Christian Education in Schools (CCES) published an Agreed Syllabus for religious instruction in government state schools. In 1950 compulsory religious instruction was introduced into these schools. The representation in associated teaching material reflected a particular understanding of Jesus. A close contextualised reading of CCES curriculum documents from the 1950s reveals distinctive ways in which a ‘British’ Jesus was represented in Victorian classrooms and the extent to which this representation aligned with the interests of the state.
Religiosity and Entrepreneurship in Post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Tovar-García Edgar Demetrio
Published: November 2022

This article empirically studies the associations between religion (Orthodox Christianity, Islam, and non-religion), religiosity (to be a believer or not, and to what extent), religious participation (attending divine services, meetings or other religious events) and the probabilities of being an entrepreneur in post-Soviet Russia. Using logistic regressions and data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, the findings suggest lower likelihoods of being an entrepreneur in the case of Orthodox Christians, religiosity shows mixed results, and religious participation presents positive links (increasing the probabilities of becoming an entrepreneur). Nevertheless, the negative association between Orthodoxy and entrepreneurship lacks statistical significance in several specifications. Indeed, only religious participation shows robust results, particularly for men. Note that religious participation is linked to social capital, namely, networking, facilitating resources for entrepreneurship. Therefore, in Russia, the religion-entrepreneurship nexus is associated with participation, and not precisely with religious affiliations or beliefs.
Art and the Power to Save
Authors: Handasyde Kerrie
Published: November 2022

When churches protested the testing of atomic weapons, the rhetoric of power reigned. William Ricketts and Mary Packer Harris responded with religiously-informed artworks that protested humanity’s violence and subverted conventional representations of divine power. Harris, a Quaker, saw Christ crucified in every tree lost to Adelaide’s urban development and each atomic test. Ricketts, potter and founder of the William Ricketts Sanctuary, Mount Dandenong, produced sculptures protesting society’s violence toward First Nations peoples and the environment. While Harris remained resolutely Christian in her art and protest, Ricketts modelled Christ-like figures on himself. With clay-sculpted arms outstretched, he was Aboriginal Australia’s suffering saviour. Focusing on the years following atomic testing at Maralinga, this article examines the relationship between Harris and Ricketts and their representations of Christ in places of suffering that were ‘new’ to mid-century Australian consciousness, each hoping their art (if not Jesus) had the power to save.
Representations of Jesus in Australian Poetry in the 1950s
Authors: Watt Paul
Published: November 2022

Studies of Australian poetry in the 1950s are preoccupied with the form, function and style of the genre. Poetry was regarded as high art cultivated by learned men and women, and published by international publishers such as Oxford University Press. Religious poetry is occasionally represented in these anthologies, but poems of or about Jesus are noticeable by their absence. By contrast, poems about Jesus can be found in newspapers and in self-published or boutique anthologies of religious verse. These personal expressions of faith, outside the sphere of high art, often show both European and Australian imaginings of Jesus. A study of religious verse of the period outside of the canonical literature illustrates the variety of the genre in the 1950s and the significance it held for Australian Christians.
Dianne Rayson, Bonhoeffer and Climate Change: Theology and Ethics for the Anthropocene
Authors: Mayes Eve
Published: November 2022

Dianne Rayson, Bonhoeffer and Climate Change: Theology and Ethics for the Anthropocene. London: Rowman and Littlefield, 2021, pp. 283, ISBN: 978-1-9787-0183-0 (hbk). US$110.
Alda Balthrop-Lewis, Thoreau’s Religion: Walden Woods, Social Justice, and the Politics of Asceticism
Authors: Banham Rebecca
Published: November 2022

Alda Balthrop-Lewis, Thoreau’s Religion: Walden Woods, Social Justice, and the Politics of Asceticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021, pp. 308, ISBN: 978-1-108-83510-7 (hbk).
Johan Elverskog, The Buddha’s Footprint: An Environmental History of Asia
Authors: Poceski Mario
Published: November 2022

Johan Elverskog, The Buddha’s Footprint: An Environmental History of Asia (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020), xiii + 176pp., $55.00 (cloth), ISBN: 9780812251838.
Susan McHugh, Love in a Time of Slaughters: Human-Animal Stories Against Genocide and Extinction
Authors: Pick Anat
Published: November 2022

Susan McHugh, Love in a Time of Slaughters: Human-Animal Stories Against Genocide and Extinction (Philadelphia: Penn State University Press, 2019), 240pp., $32.95 (pbk), ISBN: 9780271083704.
Anna M. Gade, Muslim Environmentalisms: Religious and Social Foundations
Authors: Hussain Amir
Published: November 2022

Anna M. Gade, Muslim Environmentalisms: Religious and Social Foundations (New York: Columbia University Press, 2019), 324 pp., $35.00 (pbk), ISBN: 9780231191050.
Joy Harjo, LeAnne Howe, and Jennifer Elise Foerster(eds.), When the Light of the World Was Subdued, Our Songs Came Through: A Norton Anthology of Native Nations Poetry
Authors: Weaver Jace
Published: November 2022

Joy Harjo, LeAnne Howe, and Jennifer Elise Foerster(eds.), When the Light of the World Was Subdued, Our Songs Came Through: A Norton Anthology of Native Nations Poetry (New York: W.W. Norton, 2020), xxix + 458 pp., $19.95 (pbk), ISBN 9780393356809.
Sarah D. Wald, David J. Vazquez, Priscilla Solis Ybarra, Sarah Jaquette Ray, Eds., Latinx Environmentalisms: Place, Justice, and the Decolonial
Authors: De Anda Neomi , Dominguez Cristina
Published: November 2022

Sarah D. Wald, David J. Vazquez, Priscilla Solis Ybarra, Sarah Jaquette Ray, Eds., Latinx Environmentalisms: Place, Justice, and the Decolonial (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2019), 366 pp., $115.50 (hbk), ISBN: 9781439916674.
The Watery Depths of American Environmentalism
Authors: Nichols Amanda M , Bauman Whitney A
Published: November 2022

Legacies of American environmentalism are grounded in androcentric and heteronormative narratives that have downplayed significant contributions by women. A re-narration of American Environmentalism detailed through the lives and work of three pioneering women, Marjory Stoneman Douglas, Rachel Carson, and Sylvia Earle, provides a new focal perspective on environmental ethics via a deeper, aqua-centric lens, or what we call a ‘water ethic’. For all three women, their work was informed by deep scientific knowledge of, and sense of felt connection to, their local aquatic environments. They understood humans as part of the interconnected biological ecosystem and drew early connections between local environmental processes and broader planetary systems. Their individual lived experiences enabled them to see the world in a ‘queer’ way, which was markedly different than many of their contemporaries. Analyzing gender and gender nonconformity can help us to understand the importance of a water ethic for a rapidly changing planet.
Experimental Analysis on a 1:2 Scale Model of the Modified Double Light Pipe
Authors:   Department INGEO, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Viale Pindaro 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy, Zazzini Paolo , Crescenzo Alessandro Di ,   Department INGEO, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Viale Pindaro 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy, Rossitti Luigi Pio ,   Department INGEO, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Viale Pindaro 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy, Mirando Roberta ,   Department INGEO, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Viale Pindaro 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy
Published: November 2022

This paper is focused on the daylighting system named Modified Double Light Pipe (MDLP) designed by the authors as an evolution of the Double Light Pipe to eliminate the drawbacks due to its encumbrance and the high luminance of its upper portion. They cut off its lower part and applied a circular light shelf to the system to prevent people from seeing the upper brightest portion of it. An experimental activity under real sky has been carried out for four months on a reduced scale model of the MDLP. The dynamic metrics DA, cDA, DR, and U0 have been calculated on monthly basis. The results can be considered satisfactory both in terms of illuminance distribution and daylight autonomy, as well as illuminance uniformity, taking into account that the tests have been carried out in winter, under unfavorable climatic conditions. The results show that, even in winter climatic conditions, the MDLP gives a contribution to delivering daylight in the intermediate room both on sunny and cloudy days with good uniformity of illuminance distribution on the horizontal work plane.
Representing the Powerful Principle of Virtue Ethics: Commitment at Workplaces
Authors: Tripathy Mitashree
Published: November 2022

The emergence of virtue ethics as a value foundation of society can be traced back to ancient philosophers. Having a committed workplace is a significant advantage for any organization. A committed workplace establishes a level of enthusiasm among employees that keeps them motivated to perform their duties and assignments, which provides benefit for both employees and organizations. Commitment at the workplace also provides subtle rewards such as pride, value, and positivity that one may experience. Irrespective of extrinsic or intrinsic motivation, some benefits are achieved thus driving commitment. However, another side of commitment referred to as blind commitment can ultimately make the company lose its susceptibility to innovations and adaptability to changes. This paper aims to explore the reasons behind commitment at the workplace as an appropriate paradigm of virtue ethics. The paper further subsequently discriminates this form of commitment from blind commitment for long-term benefits at the workplace. The paper aims to explore the extensiveness and intensity of virtue ethics that explains general moral philosophy and affects business and management ethics.
Social and Economic Factors of Violence Against Women in the South of Moldova: Identification, Estimation, and Mechanisms of Elimination
Authors: Bazueva Elena V.
Published: November 2022

A surge in violence against women requires a better understanding of its causes and factors, which is the problem that this study seeks to address. This study aims to identify mechanisms through which these factors are reproduced on all levels of the gender system (individual, family, social milieu, professional milieu, state institutions). The focus is made on the case of the Autonomous Territorial Unit Gagauzia in Moldova. The study relies on systems analysis methods and approaches based on the institutional economic theory, systems theory and gender economics to assess the impact of socio-economic factors on the likelihood of intimate partner violence (IPV) in this region. In Gagauzia, there is a decline in women’s opportunities to realize their economic rights and ensure their financial independence. While the incomes of households are falling, gender discrimination, including physical violence, is perceived as justified by more and more people. Another contributing factor is the lack of effective mechanisms for IPV prevention. The factors contributing to IPV are related to the system of specialized institutions, which impose sanctions for violating the rules of gender stereotypical behavior.  The study proposes a set of projects to promote more egalitarian norms on all levels of the gender system.
Perceived Discrimination of Old Settlers in Sikkim
Authors: Malu Bhasker , Rajan Santhosh Kareepadath , Jindal Nikhita , Thakur Aishwarya , Raghuram Tanvi
Published: November 2022

The old settlers in Sikkim are a community of mainland Indians whose ancestors had settled at least 15 years before the merger with India in 1975. At present, the total population of the community is less than three thousand individuals, comprising various ethnicities. This qualitative study focuses on the perceived discrimination of the old settlers, who form a demographic minority in the state. Data was collected using telephonic interviews from a sample of 11 old settlers. Thematic analysis indicated racial differences between the northeasterner indigenous community and mainland Indian old settlers as a major reason for perceived discrimination. The participants expressed the experience of negative emotional reactions, such as anger and disappointment, when they faced discrimination. The participants also felt betrayed by the government of India because they did not receive adequate protection for their rights when their identity in Sikkim changed from foreigners to citizens. Reactions to discrimination included migrating out of the state, experiencing negative emotions such as anger, disappointment and fear, and learned helplessness.
The Idea of Eastern Countries in Pacific Russia: The Paradoxes of Public Opinion
Authors: Larin Viktor , Larina Liliia
Published: November 2022

This article examines the research results of the Public Opinion Research Laboratory of the Institute of History of the RAS obtained during field studies of 2010–2021. The authors analyse the key elements of the views of the Far Eastern Federal District residents on the countries of East Asia – China, Japan, North, and South Korea. Also, the authors focus on such basic elements of these notions as historical memory, people’s economic and humanitarian needs, and external threats to regional and national security. It is established that historical memory works selectively. Regarding China, it supports the uncertain feelings of Pacific Russians in the finality of resolving the border issue between the two countries, while Japanese territorial claims are primarily perceived through the prism of modern politics. However, neither one nor the other prevents the inhabitants’ interest in the history and culture of the neighboring states, focusing their economic interests on interaction, first of all, with these three countries. It is China, Japan, and South Korea that they consistently view as major economic partners of Pacific Russia. The authors estimate that the high level of development of these countries’ economies along with the uniqueness and attractiveness of authentic cultures, as well as positive assessments of the current state and prospects of bilateral relations en masse have become the forces of attraction that encourage the Far Easterners to have a fellow feeling for them. At the same time, the countries of the Korean peninsula receive much less attention in Pacific Russia, and their images are mostly neutral and vague. The authors also note that the stereotypes that were rooted in the minds of Russians more than a century ago (the refined culture of Japan and the poor, uncultured China) place these two countries on different levels in the rating of their sympathies: Japan was a stable and undisputed leader, while China, despite noticeable rising popularity in recent years, along with South Korea remained in the middle. Finally, they conclude that a large proportion of the residents of the region, although not trusting their Asian neighbours too much, are not only interested in an economic interaction with the surrounding Asian world but are also psychologically committed to it.
A Comparison between Russia-Qing Trade and Anglo-Chinese Trade in 1802–1860
Authors: Park Ji-bae
Published: November 2022

During the first half of the nineteenth century, tea became an essential commodity in the Kyakhta trade, accounting for over 90 % of total imports. Russia increased tea imports to address its growing demand for tea. The country handled the increasing tea imports by simultaneously increasing the exports of fur, wool, and cotton. British trade with China in Guangzhou was for smuggled opium in exchange for tea. When the Qing dynasty attempted to eradicate opium trade, the UK waged two wars and legalised the opium trade. The UK’s illegal opium trade and military provocations had a significant impact on China’s politics, economy, and society, as well as a decisive impact on the decline of the Kyakhta trade. Opium, which was banned, became a monopoly product for the British, and Russia’s export products — except for silver — could not compete with opium. The UK’s illegal sale of opium increased China’s opium consumption. Consequently, this reduced the purchasing power of the Chinese, worsening the sales conditions of Russian export products. In the end, the opium trade led to a shortage of silver and an increase in the value of silver coins in China. Chinese merchants preferred silver or silver coins to other products when trading with Russia. As a result, the Russian government approved the exchange of silver, effectively ending barter trade throughout Kyakhta.
International Film Festivals as a Field for Agonistics and Resonance: Contact Zones with Russian/Soviet Films
Authors: Chon Woo-hyung
Published: November 2022

The international film festival, which seems to have landed in South Korea by accident in the mid‑1990s, is a historical product. Technically, film festivals in South Korea were a hybrid and indigenous cultural movement that appeared at the crossroads of the Korean democratic movement in the 1980s and the global situation in the post-cold war era in the 1990s. From the 1980s film movement to the establishment of the art house cinema in the 1990s and the Busan International Film Festival in 1996, these developments did not emerge as parallel events, but rather as a culmination of epic tensions. The main purpose of this article is to expand on previous discussions that have never shown much interest in how the international film festival combines global and local aspects. The film movement created by Korean films and the international film festivals of the 1980s and 1990s symbolised the journey to social resonance aimed at communicating with the audience about new Korean films by highlighting ‘agonistics’ and ‘resonance’ between Korean and ‘other’ films.
The Cultural Heritage of the White Russian Emigration in Istanbul
Authors: Olcay Türkan
Published: November 2022

The civil war in Russia caused one and a half million people to leave their homeland. The most massive exodus from Russia was across the Black Sea. Istanbul (at that time Constantinople) became almost the only possible port of destination for dozens of overloaded ships. From 1919 to 1921, the city sheltered about 200,000 civil and military refugees. Consequently, it became a very special, iconic place of memory in the history of the first wave of Russian emigration. Some White Russians immigrated to other countries immediately, others left as soon as they got their visas, and the rest – years later. In this respect, Istanbul forever acquired the status of the first vital point of the “dispersal” of Russian white emigrants to all corners of the world. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the social and cultural life of the Russian civilians who took refuge in Istanbul from 1919 to 1930. Emphasis is placed on their self-organization and diligence in the arrangement of their new life according to their cultural traditions. Attention is paid to the changes they brought to the city’s life, such as the opening of many offices, trade, and entertainment establishments. The transformation of Istanbul into a motley center of Russian culture is discussed. A series of artistic events, such as Russian ballet, operetta, and concerts, were often attended by residents of Istanbul, who admired the musical and artistic talent of the Russians. The reader is informed about the activities of film actors, artists, and writers, who, by the whims of fate, found themselves here. The life and work of creative individuals who chose Turkey as their second homeland is emphasized. Revealing the contribution of Russian refugees to the cultural enrichment of Istanbul, it is concluded that as a result of their stay in the 1920s, Istanbul became irreversibly connected with the West. Publications of that period, state and private archives (such as press archives and archives of the Russian associations operating in Istanbul), and the memoirs of dozens of White Russians served as the main sources of the research.
The Tolstoy Tradition in Persian Literature: Family and Female Infidelity
Authors: Yahyapour Marzieh , Karimi-Motahhar Janolah , Sotoudehmehr Forough
Published: November 2022

This article is a comparative study of Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy and Love and Tears (1952) by Javad Fazel focusing on the theme of “family and woman” in the two works. The comparison of these works relies on their thematic similarity and the importance that both authors attach to the role of women in the family and society. In interpreting Tolstoy’s novel, the researchers rely on the ideas of Iranian society, which is more closely associated with traditional patriarchal views. The axiology of society says that a woman is the basis of the family, and family happiness depends on her behaviour, character, and awareness of her duties. When the issue of women’s emancipation in Russia and Iran started emerging, changes in the family structure caused many problems. The key issue in both novels is the infidelity of a married woman and the negative consequences of this act for the family and society. These personal problems threatened the institution of the family and in most cases led to the disintegration of the family. The questions of this study follow the problems of Tolstoy’s novel: what the woman’s role in maintaining the institution of the family is, what determines happiness in the family, and why some families fail. The authors conclude that in Tolstoy’s and Fazel’s points of view, their heroines’ feelings (Anna and Makhin) are not true love but passion. Both authors believe that family happiness depends on the woman’s observance of moral norms, but the norms themselves undergo dynamic changes. And a genuine feeling cannot simply be replaced by the rules of marital cohabitation.
The Art of Andrei Denisov’s Sermons: Rhetorical Strategies and Techniques
Authors: Zhuravel Olga
Published: November 2022

This article studies the genre characteristics of Andrei Denisov’s sermon; he was the most prominent leader of the second wave of Russian Old Belief, a writer, and a polemicist. The author refers to previously unknown texts by Andrei Denisov that were published by the author of this article earlier and to rhetorical manuscripts. The author implements the methodology of source studies and textology. The problematic context of this research is determined by Vyg Baroque as an essential part of Moscow Baroque. The hermeneutic approach underlying this study provides the interpretation of the writings of Andrei Denisov in the context of Vyg literary culture with a strong rhetorical accent. The article focuses on the main work created in the Vyg community, i. e. the Rhetoric Code, and the rhetorical studies of the Baroque poet and philosopher Andrei Belobotsky, in which Andrei Denisov showed great interest. The rhetorical thought of this period dictated the genre model of the sermon, the structure, and the style of the texts. The Baroque interpretation of hermeneutics influenced the semantics of the sermon, which was dominated by semantic duality and “allegorical meaning”. It manifests itself in the structure-forming role of biblical quotations (“themes”) and in the abundance of metaphors, symbols, and allegories. The article reveals metaphors that shaped the central eschatological myth based on the opposition of the hostile outdoor world, desecrated by the Antichrist, and the Vyg Pustyn as a space of spiritual sanctuary. Sermons created by Andrei Denisov reflect the typical Baroque concept of vanitas vanitatum. Their author was interested in the ontological nature of time and anthropological problems that became relevant during the Baroque period. The article also examines the communicative model of preaching discourse determined by the prophetic image of the author, who constructed it through biblical quotations. The article explains the rhythmic organisation of sermons designed for listening. Based on the analysis of the rhetorical techniques used by Andrei Denisov, it concludes that the author was eager to create a powerful sermon that would influence the establishment of the foundations of the faith and spiritual formation of Old Believers. The article also sheds light on the reception of the pan-European Baroque style in the literature of the Old Believers of the early eighteenth century. The heart of Vyg Baroque was functional didacticism, which served the main goal of preaching, i. e. asserting the religious and moral values that underlay the Vyg utopian project.
Moralising in Dimitri Rostovsky’s Works (from The Dewy Fleece to The Cell Chronicle)
Authors: Fedotova Marina
Published: November 2022

The author of this article proposes to consider moralising in Dimitry Rostovsky’s work as a separate narrative, which has a certain set of genre characteristics. Many sermons delivered by Metropolitan Dimitry can be analysed not only from the point of view of sermons glorifying a church holiday or an Orthodox saint but also from the standpoint of writings aimed at educating and raising the moral level of both the flock and pastors. The author of the article especially highlights two epistles addressed to priests dedicated to the sacraments of Confession and the Eucharist, in which Dimitry Rostovsky acts as a true spiritual teacher. These instructive literary epistles, as a type of Slavic bookish rhetoric, are similar in style to the metropolitan’s sermons, but carry a much more pronounced moralistic load. Apology for the Soothing of Sorrows of a Man Who Is in Trouble, Persecution, and Bitterness… (1696) also belongs to the spiritual writings of Dimitry and its apology is close to moralising. Starting with the first works of Dimitry Rostovsky, such as The Miracle of the Most Holy and Blessed Virgin Mary (1677) and The Dewy Fleece (1683) and ending with The Cell Chronicle (1707–1709), moralising becomes a special narrative (sometimes marked, as in Miracles… and The Dewy Fleece). Their content is an explanation of the causes of human sins, a call through repentance for a virtuous life, and the glorification of the blessings of the Lord. The moralising not only has a clear internal structure in the form of small texts that interpret miracles by presenting quotes and images borrowed from the Holy Scripture and the writings of the holy fathers, but they also occupy an important place in the composition of the early books, turning into a kind of an epiphonema of each miracle. The Cell Chronicle was created in the same way. Along with the presentation of biblical history and its interpretation, moralising is an integral part of the work. However, the instructions of The Cell Chronicle concerned not only general Christian topics, but they were also occasional; reflecting the circumstances of everyday life, they were close to the texts found in the Statir collection created in the Urals in the late seventeenth century.
Homily for the Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ in a Sixteenth-Century Codex: The Problem of the Authorship of Spyridon, Metropolitan of Kyiv
Authors: Kovalenko Anton
Published: November 2022

This article considers the previously unstudied Homily for the Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ found in the manuscript of the early sixteenth century from the Kornilievo-Komelsky Monastery. Based on a comparison with other works attributed to Spyridon-Sava and considering the typical features of his works, i. e. his teleology and Graecisms, the author puts forward a hypothesis that the Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Russia is the author of the Homily. The material used by the author to substantiate his attribution is withdrawn from the title of the Homily for the Descent of the Holy Spirit which is stylistically akin to the homily found. The plot comparison of the Homily for the Nativity makes it possible to single out a common motif that unambiguously connects this homily with the Message about the Monomachus’ Crown, whose belonging to Spyridon has been questioned. After summarising all known information about Spyridon, the author puts forward a concept that determines his participation in political contacts between Muscovite Russia, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Patriarch of Constantinople. Referring to the chronicle entries, the author suggests revising the relationship between Spyridon and Ivan III, whose patronage can explain the high assessment of Spyridon’s activities by Archbishop Gennady, Abbot Dositheus, and Maksim Grek. The author revises Spyridon’s message about his “imprisonment” in the Ferapontov Monastery, suggesting that the condemnation of Spyridon and his “curse” in the charters issued may have been caused by a change in the political situation at the end or after the reign of Ivan III.
Searching for Africa in Russia: The Fate of Apollon Davidson
Authors: Antoshin Alexey , Balezin Alexander
Published: November 2022

This article is devoted to analysing the scholarly path of the outstanding Russian Africanist Apollon Davidson. His personality has already attracted scholarly attention, primarily in connection with the history of the Centre for African Studies of the Institute of Global History, which Davidson created in 1971. In this study, comprehensive analysis of the subject of Russia and Africa in Davidson’s work is conducted for the first time. Earlier research has only partially touched upon this theme. The main sources are Davidson’s works. The origins of Davidson’s interest in Africa are analyzed. This interest was closely connected with the atmosphere of Stalin’s Soviet Union, in the conditions of which the historian’s personality was formed. The analysis shows that avoiding problems related to the political situation was a conscious choice for Davidson, who sought to avoid having to write propaganda essays within the framework of the dominant ideology. The article identifies the key subjects that attracted Davidson’s attention: the formation of Africa’s image in Russia, the position of Russia in the Anglo-Boer War of 1899–1902, the Comintern and Africa, and the main aspects of Soviet foreign policy in Africa. It is shown that Davidson was especially interested in the African travels of Nikolai Gumilyov and the surge of interest in Africa among the Russian intelligentsia of the Silver Age. The publication of most of Davidson’s studies was possible only in the post-Soviet period.
The Crocodile in the Russian Language, Consciousness, and Culture
Authors: Norman Boris
Published: November 2022

The development of figurative secondary meanings in a word is due to the correlation of denotative and reference components, i. e. sigmatics and semantics. The starting point of the study is the hypothesis that the farther the object is from the everyday life of a society (i. e. the more exotic it is, the less significant in practice, the less common for the native speaker), the weaker, the “emptier” is the denotative part of the name. However, this non-semantics is apparent, because denotative emptiness is immediately compensated by the development of figurative meanings, most of which are connotative. This article examines the Russian word крокодил, meaning an exotic water animal. The author studies the characteristics of this lexeme based on explanatory and frequency dictionaries of the Russian language, associative dictionary, the Russian National Corpus, and several examples from Russian fiction: works of Vl. Solovyov, A. Chekhov, M. Gorky, T. Tolstoy, V. Kantor, etc. For Russian consciousness, the crocodile is a marginal creature, and its name is located on the periphery of the vocabulary. The national corpus of the Russian language contains 500 documents with the word крокодил and a total of 1222 entries. The analysis demonstrates that about two thirds of these documents contain the word крокодил in figurative meanings. This confirms the assumption that the word denoting a thing that does not participate in the daily life of a society has a tendency to secondary semantic content. It is interpreted metaphorically, in accordance with the cognitive and communicative needs of society.