bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A first principles study of convection cells to shear flow instability in 2D Yukawa liquids driven by Reynolds stress
Authors: Kaur Pawandeep , Ganesh Rajaraman
Published: January 2025

The stability of kinetic-level convection cells (wherein the magnitude of macroscopic and microscopic velocities are of same order) is studied in a two-dimensional Yukawa liquid under the effect of microscopic velocity perturbations. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that for a given system aspect ratio
$$\beta$$
viz., the ratio of system length
$$L_x$$
to its height
$$L_y$$
and number of convective rolls initiated
$$N_c$$
, the fate of the convective cells is decided by
$$\beta _c = \beta /N_c$$
. For
$$\beta _c < 1$$
, Reynolds stress is found to be self-consistently generated and sustained, which results in tilting of convection cells, eventually leading to shear flow generation, whereas for
$$\beta _c \ge 1$$
, parallel shear flow is found to be untenable. An unambiguous quantitative connection between Reynolds stress and the onset of shear flow using particle-level data is established without free parameters. The growth rate of the instability, the role of frictional forces, generalization of our findings and the possibility of realizing the same in experiments are also discussed.
Thermophysical analysis of time-dependent magnetized Casson hybrid nanofluid flow (Cu + GO/Kerosene Oil) using Darcy-Forchheimer and thermal radiative models for industrial cooling applications
Authors: Alharbi Amal F. , Mohammad Fida , Usman Muhammad , Khan Naseem , Abushiba Walid
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an in-depth analytical investigation into the time-dependent flow of a Casson hybrid nanofluid over a radially stretching sheet. The study introduces the effects of magnetic fields and thermal radiation, along with velocity and thermal slip, to model real-world systems for enhancing heat transfer in critical industrial applications. The hybrid nanofluid consists of three nanoparticles—Copper and Graphene Oxide—suspended in Kerosene Oil, selected for their stable and superior thermal properties. The theory of Darcy-Forchheimer, along with the suction and injection effect, is applied to refine the flow behaviour and enhance heat transfer efficiency. The governing nonlinear equations are solved using the Homotopy Analysis Method to provide a robust framework for solution accuracy. The graphical and tabulated results demonstrated that hybrid nanofluid outperforms mono and Casson hybrid nanofluids. The result shows that, at a nanoparticle volume concentration of 0.03, the Casson hybrid nanofluid showed a remarkable 19.99% increase in heat transfer, compared to 14.80% for simple nanofluid. The magnetic parameter and thermal radiation parameter further amplify thermal conductivity. This research provided a critical insight into optimizing thermal management systems for advanced engineering applications, positioning hybrid nanofluid as highly effective solutions for next-generation cooling technologies.
Photophysics of O-band and transition metal color centers in monolithic silicon for quantum communications
Authors: Sarihan Murat Can , Huang Jiahui , Kang Jin Ho , Fan Cody , Liu Wei , Azizur-Rahman Khalifa M. , Liang Baolai , Wong Chee Wei
Published: January 2025

Color centers in the O-band (1260–1360 nm) are crucial for realizing long-coherence quantum network nodes in memory-assisted quantum communications. However, only a limited number of O-band color centers have been thoroughly explored in silicon hosts as spin-photon interfaces. This study explores and compares two promising O-band color centers in silicon for high-fidelity spin-photon interfaces: T and *Cu (transition metal) centers. During T center generation process, we observed the formation and dissolution of other color centers, including the copper-silver related centers with a doublet line around 1312 nm (*

$${{{\rm{Cu}}}}_{n}^{0}$$

Cu

n

0

), near the optical fiber zero dispersion wavelength (around 1310 nm). We then investigated the photophysics of both T and *Cu centers, focusing on their emission spectra and spin properties. The *

$${{{\rm{Cu}}}}_{0}^{0}$$

Cu

0

0

line under a 0.5 T magnetic field demonstrated a 25% broadening, potentially due to spin degeneracy, suggesting that this center can be a promising alternative to T centers.
Nonvolatile current-induced topological charge imbalance of magnetic textures
Authors: Wang Shangyuan , Qiu Lei , Shen Ka
Published: January 2025

The topological charge of magnetic solitons gives rise to characteristic Hall-type effects, which allows to recognize the nontrivial topology of the spin textures, such as skyrmions or antiskyrmions. The selective manipulation of topological magnetic textures with different topological charges could substantially enrich potential applications but remains largely elusive. Here, we report an electrical control of net topological charge in a magnetic film hosting both skyrmions and antiskyrmions at finite magnetic field or bimerons and antibimerons at zero field, where their distinct responses to the current-induced torques result in a nonvolatile imbalance between the two oppositely charged topological textures. Both the magnitude and the sign of the resulting topological charge are found to be controllable efficiently by adjusting the orientation of the driving current with and without magnetic field. Our findings open the way to the on-demand manipulation of topological spin textures and provide more opportunities for designing spin-texture-based multifunctional devices.
Water industry strategies to manufacture doubt and deflect blame for sewage pollution in England
Authors: Ford Alex T. , Singer Andrew C. , Hammond Peter , Woodward Jamie
Published: January 2025

The water and sewerage companies (WaSCs) in England are majority-owned by a range of global investors. The industry is under intense scrutiny for widespread failure in its environmental performance, discharging 12.7 million monitored hours of untreated wastewater and sewage into English waterways between 2019 and the end of 2023. At the time of writing, multiple investigations by environmental and financial regulators are in progress, and regulatory oversight is under review by the recently formed Office for Environmental Protection. While limited monitoring hid the full extent of underperformance, we argue that the WaSCs have prolonged this environmental disaster through strategies that mirror those of other large polluting industries in the past. We test this hypothesis for the nine major WaSCs in England against a published framework of 28 ‘greenwashing/deception’ tactics of large industries. We identified 22 of these tactics that could be seen as disinformation, greenwashing and manufacturing doubt. The financial exploitation of water resources in England, alongside long-term degradation of infrastructure and ineffective regulation, raises globally important issues around water security, ethics and environmental stewardship. Much greater scrutiny of both industry performance and industry communication is required.
A primer on current status and future opportunities of clinical optoacoustic imaging
Authors: Knieling Ferdinand , Lee Serene , Ntziachristos Vasilis
Published: January 2025

Despite its introduction in the 1970’s, it is only recent technology advances that have propelled growth in clinical optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging over the past decade. We analytically present the broad landscape of clinical optoacoustic applications in the context of these key technology advances, the unique contrast achieved, and the tissue biomarkers resolved. We then discuss current challenges and future opportunities to address the unmet clinical needs.
The BLM-TOP3A-RMI1-RMI2 proximity map reveals that RAD54L2 suppresses sister chromatid exchanges
Authors: Ho Jung Jennifer , Cheng Edith , Wong Cassandra J , St-Germain Jonathan R , Dunham Wade H , Raught Brian , Gingras Anne-Claude , Brown Grant W
Published: January 2025

Homologous recombination is a largely error-free DNA repair mechanism conserved across all domains of life and is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity. Not only are the mutations in homologous recombination repair genes probable cancer drivers, some also cause genetic disorders. In particular, mutations in the Bloom (BLM) helicase cause Bloom Syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by increased sister chromatid exchanges and predisposition to a variety of cancers. The pathology of Bloom Syndrome stems from the impaired activity of the BLM-TOP3A-RMI1-RMI2 (BTRR) complex which suppresses crossover recombination to prevent potentially deleterious genome rearrangements. We provide a comprehensive BTRR proximal proteome, revealing proteins that suppress crossover recombination. We find that RAD54L2, a SNF2-family protein, physically interacts with BLM and suppresses sister chromatid exchanges. RAD54L2 is important for recruitment of BLM to chromatin and requires an intact ATPase domain to promote non-crossover recombination. Thus, the BTRR proximity map identifies a regulator of recombination.
c-di-GMP inhibits rRNA methylation and impairs ribosome assembly in the presence of kanamycin
Authors: Yu Siqi , Hu Zheyao , Xu Xiaoting , Liang Xiaoran , Shen Jiayi , Liu Min , Lin Mingxi , Chen Hong , Marti Jordi , Tao Sheng-ce , Xu Zhaowei
Published: January 2025

Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous bacterial secondary messenger with diverse functions. A previous Escherichia coli proteome microarray identified that c-di-GMP binds to the 23S rRNA methyltransferases RlmI and RlmE. Here we show that c-di-GMP inhibits RlmI activity in rRNA methylation assays, and that it modulates ribosome assembly in the presence of kanamycin. Molecular dynamics simulation and mutagenesis studies reveal that c-di-GMP binds to RlmI at residues R64, R103, G114, and K201. Structural simulations indicate that c-di-GMP quenches RlmI activity by inducing the closure of the catalytic pocket. We also show that c-di-GMP promotes antibiotic tolerance through RlmI. Binding and methylation assays indicate that the inhibitory effect of c-di-GMP on RlmI is conserved across various pathogenic bacteria. Our data suggest an unexpected role for c-di-GMP in regulating ribosome assembly under stress through the inhibition of rRNA methyltransferases.
Boosting human immunology: harnessing the potential of immune organoids
Authors: Moll Maximilian , Baumjohann Dirk
Published: January 2025

Studying the human immune system in vivo is challenging and often not possible. Therefore, most human immunology studies have been predominantly confined to peripheral blood analyses, which by themselves have inherent limitations, as many immune reactions take place within tissues. For example, potent antibody responses that contribute to fighting infections and provide protection following vaccination require cellular interactions between B cells and T cells in specialized micro-anatomical structures called germinal centers, which are found in secondary lymphoid organs such as spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils. Thus, there is a clear demand for novel enhanced experimental systems that faithfully recapitulate the intricate dynamics of the human immune system as much as possible. In this review, we discuss recent advances in versatile human tonsil/adenoid tissue-based ex vivo immune organoid cultures as well as related cancer and autoimmunity-focused experimental setups. These systems have been implemented as translational immunology platforms for in-depth analyses of human B and T cell-mediated immune responses, thereby facilitating mechanistic studies as well as drug and vaccine testing in a human-first approach.
Correction: A comparative review on the mitigation of metronidazole residues in aqueous media using various physico-chemical technologies
Authors: Es'haghi Moosa , Farbodi Maryam , Gharbani Parvin , Ghasemi Elnaz , Jamshidi Sona , Majdan-Cegincara Roghayeh , Mehrizad Ali , Seyyedi Kambiz , Shahverdizadeh Gholam Hossein
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘A comparative review on the mitigation of metronidazole residues in aqueous media using various physico-chemical technologies’ by Moosa Es'haghi et al., Anal. Methods, 2024, 16, 7294–7310, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AY01502A.
ROS-responsive poly(β-amino ester) nanoparticles enable targeted delivery of mRNA vaccine to splenic antigen-presenting cells
Authors: Jiang Meng , Yan Lingjian , Zeng Ling , Tang Yingseng , Zhang Zixi , Chen Baihua , Qiu Min , Chen Jinjin
Published: January 2025

ROS-responsive PBAE nanoparticles was designed to target splenic APCs, enhance mRNA expression, and induce a Th1-skewed immune response, advancing mRNA vaccine efficacy.
Reducing oxygen-transport resistance within a catalyst layer for fuel cells by adopting an intrinsically microporous ionomer
Authors: Yuan Wei , Liang Shimei , Zheng Xiufang , Zhang Xuedong , Wang Jianchuan , Yin Xi , Liao Qiang , Wei Zidong
Published: January 2025

Herein, a sulfonated ionomer with intrinsic microporosity was designed as a catalyst binder in a low-Pt-loaded fuel cell to achieve an obvious 57% reduction of local oxygen-transport resistance and a notable 47% improvement in power output.
Crystal habit modification of sodium chloride using habit modifiers: a dive into more than 50 years of research & development on crystal habit modification of rock-salt crystals
Authors: Pramanik Sumit Kumar , Ganguly Bishwajit
Published: January 2025

Crystal habit modification of salt crystals has been a fascinating area of research for decades.
Metal–ligand and hydrogen bonding in the active site of Fe(iii)-, Mn(iii)- and Co(iii)-myoglobins
Authors: Freindorf Marek , Kraka Elfi
Published: January 2025

We investigated in this work strength of metal–ligand and hydrogen bonding in complexes formed between Fe, Mn, and Co myoglobin and molecular ligands such as methanol, water, nitrite, and azide involving ε and δ protonation forms of distal histidine.
Polydopamine-coated cerium oxide core–shell nanoparticles for efficient and non-damaging chemical–mechanical polishing
Authors: He Xiaohai , Gao Bo , Wu Qingyuan , Xin Chengrui , Xue Junjie , Lu Fangwei , Qu Xin-Ping , Li Simin , Zhang Fan , Shen Hui
Published: January 2025

Polydopamine-coated SiO2@CeO2 core–shell nanoparticles represent a novel category of efficient and non-damaging abrasives for chemical–mechanical polishing.
Simultaneously improving efficiency, stability and intrinsic stretchability of organic photovoltaic films via molecular toughening
Authors: Xian Kaihu , Zhang Kai , Zhang Tao , Zhou Kangkang , Zhang Zhiguo , Hou Jianhui , Zhang Haoli , Geng Yanhou , Ye Long
Published: January 2025

A tethered molecule is introduced to realize intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with over 15% efficiency via benign solvents, and thickness-dependent mechanical properties is elucidated for the first time in OPVs.
A leaf-like structured membrane for highly efficient and persistent radiative cooling
Authors: Wu Minghan , Li Yu , Huang Gang , Xu Ruiqi , Yin Xiaochun , Zhang Guizhen
Published: January 2025

A leaf-inspired double-layer membrane was designed, exhibiting 99.3% solar reflectivity and ∼95% mid-infrared emissivity. It remained stable under 7000 MJ m−2 ultraviolet radiation, presenting a new strategy for passive radiative cooling.
Structural study of Lindqvist polyoxovanadate–peptide conjugates
Authors: Yu H. , Honisch C. , Frigo M. , Balice N. , Mantovani S. , Cammelli F. , Saielli G. , Cocetta V. , Sacilotto A. , Ruzza P. , Carraro M.
Published: January 2025

The Lindqvist hexavanadate was functionalized with the antagonist peptide demobesin-1 to evaluate the impact of the polyoxometalate structure on peptide conformation and recognition ability, for a potential anticancer activity.
Regulation of the surface morphology of microspheres by polymers with different crystallinities
Authors: Xing Luyao , Ding Jiaqiang , Chen Dongliang , Xiong Chengdong , Huang Tianfang , Xiong Zuochun
Published: January 2025

Compared with the morphological effects of amorphous PTMC and crystalline PCL on the surface of PLGA microspheres, biodegradable microspheres with controllable morphology could be prepared by a simple emulsion method.
Novel magnetic nanocomposite Fe3O4@CS@PHMG as an effective and recyclable antimicrobial material for hospital wastewater disinfection
Authors: Pham Lan T. , Le Hanh T. M. , Tam Le T. T. , Dao Hien T. , Vu Minh X. , Ngo Thu H. A. , Lu Le T. , Nguyen Dung T.
Published: January 2025

A novel, cost-effective magnetic Fe3O4@CS@PHMG nanocomposite synthesized from spent pickling liquors and coated with chitosan and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride via TPP crosslinking demonstrated exceptional antibacterial performance.
High energy density solid state symmetric supercapacitors using ionic liquid dispersed Li+ ion-perovskites
Authors: Sharma Bhargab , Sharma Shrishti , Kaur Gurpreet , Hardeep  , Dalvi Anshuman
Published: January 2025

The study reports solid-state ceramic supercapacitors (SSCs) assembled using a novel composite electrolyte based on Li+ ion conducting perovskite-type LLTO (Li0.34La0.51TiO3) and an ionic liquid (EMIM BF4).
A review on arsenic contamination in drinking water: sources, health impacts, and remediation approaches
Authors: Sadee Bashdar Abuzed , Zebari Salih M. S. , Galali Yaseen , Saleem Mahmood Fadhil
Published: January 2025

Effective and ecofriendly remediation techniques are important for the removal of arsenic species from drinking water.
Mechanistic insights into the regiodivergent insertion of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes towards carbocycle-tethered N-heteroarenes
Authors: Erchinger Johannes E. , Lenz Madina , Mukherjee Poulami , Li Yan-Bo , Suresh Adhya , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Gutierrez Osvaldo , Glorius Frank
Published: January 2025

Cyclobutane-tethered N-heteroarenes are obtained via regio- and diastereoselective insertion of BCBs into C–S bonds of C2-thioether aza-arenes. Mechanistic and DFT studies reveal the activation mode and regiodivergence.
Fine-tuning the architecture of microgels by varying the initiator addition time
Authors: Buratti Elena , Camerin Fabrizio , Nigro Valentina , Franco Silvia , Ruiz-Franco José , Porcar Lionel , Angelini Roberta , Ruzicka Barbara , Gerelli Yuri , Zaccarelli Emanuela
Published: January 2025

We investigate the effect of varying the initiator addition time on the resulting structure of colloidal microgels.
Fluorescence-switching 2-D sheet structure formed by self-assembly of cruciform aromatic amphiphiles
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Yongsheng , Zheng Tianyi , Xie Ying , Dai Xianyin , Lee Myongsoo
Published: January 2025

We report that aromatic amphiphiles based on cruciform aromatic segments self-assemble into 2-D sheet structures in aqueous environments.
Comprehensive insights into hydrolysis-mediated hydrogen production using high-entropy quintuple alloy-grafted carbon black
Authors: Raj Gokul , Nandan Ravi , Midya Soumen , Kumar Kanhai , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Nanda Karuna Kar
Published: January 2025

FeCrMnCoNi-based quintuple high-entropy alloys for NaBH4 hydrolysis with enhanced activity via favorable reaction intermediate adsorption and optimal electrode–electrolyte interface formation.
Copper single atom-modulated functionalization of iron clusters on a porous carbon nanosheet for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Wu Lingmin , Wang Yinghua , Shao Chunfeng , Wang Liming , Li Baitao
Published: January 2025

Significant functionalization of Fe5 clusters with CuN2O single atom, compared with CuN4 and FeN4, in decreasing d-band center and weakening the oxygen adsorption.
Insights into infrared crystal phase characteristics based on deep learning holography with attention residual network
Authors: Huang Haochong , Huang Haichao , Zheng Zhiyuan , Gao Lu
Published: January 2025

Through a synergistic blend of infrared digital holography and deep learning, we introduce unconventional mechanistic insight, namely the infrared crystal phase.
Enhancing acid–gas separations using free volume manipulation for microporous poly(arylene ether)s
Authors: Joo Taigyu , Wu Yifan , Lee Tae Hoon , Dean Pablo A. , Wu Wan-Ni , Swager Timothy M. , Smith Zachary P.
Published: January 2025

H2S/CH4 and CO2/CH4 separations show opposing trends, making simultaneous improvement challenging. This is addressed by increasing free volume to enhance competitive sorption effects and boosting diffusion selectivity through in situ crosslinking.
Synergistic enhancement of Cu2Se thermoelectric properties via Te and S co-doping: aqueous synthesis and cold-press sintering for power generation
Authors: Lourdhusamy Vinothkumar , Paulraj Immanuel , Kannan Veera Prabu , Liu Chia-Jyi
Published: January 2025

Materials including Cu2Se, Cu2Se0.96−xSxTe0.04 (x = 0.00–0.03) and Cu2−ySe0.94S0.02Te0.04 (y = 0.00–0.04) were synthesized using aqueous solution processing at room temperature and cold-press sintered under vacuum at 650 °C for 6 hours.
Hanging on the cliff: Extreme mass ratio inspiral formation with local two-body relaxation and post-Newtonian dynamics
Authors: Mancieri Davide , Broggi Luca , Bonetti Matteo , Sesana Alberto
Published: January 2025

Extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are anticipated to be primary gravitational wave sources for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). They form in dense nuclear clusters when a compact object is captured by the central massive black holes (MBHs) as a consequence of the frequent two-body interactions occurring between orbiting objects. The physics of this process is complex and requires detailed statistical modelling of a multi-body relativistic system. We present a novel Monte Carlo approach to evolving the post-Newtonian (PN) equations of motion of a compact object orbiting an MBH. The approach accounts for the effects of two-body relaxation locally on the fly, without leveraging on the common approximation of orbit-averaging. We applied our method to study the function S(a0), describing the fraction of EMRI to total captures (including EMRIs and direct plunges, DPs) as a function of the initial semi-major axis a0 for compact objects orbiting central MBHs with M• ∈ [104 M⊙, 4 × 106 M⊙]. The past two decades have consolidated a picture in which S(a0)→0 at large initial semi-major axes, with a sharp transition from EMRIs to DPs occurring around a critical scale ac. A recent study challenges this notion for low-mass MBHs, finding EMRIs forming at a ≫ ac, which were called ‘cliffhangers’. Our simulations confirm the existence of cliffhanger EMRIs, which we find to be more common then previously inferred. Cliffhangers start to appear for M• ≲ 3 × 105 M⊙ and can account for up to 55% of the overall EMRIs forming at those masses. We find S(a0)≫0 for a ≫ ac, reaching values as high as 0.6 for M• = 104 M⊙, much higher than previously found. We test how these results are influenced by different assumptions on the dynamics used to evolve the system and treatment of two-body relaxation. We find that the PN description of the system greatly enhances the number of EMRIs by shifting ac to larger values at all MBH masses. Conversely, the local treatment of relaxation has a mass-dependent impact, significantly boosting the number of cliffhangers at low MBH masses compared to an orbit-averaged treatment. These findings highlight the shortcomings of standard approximations used in the EMRI literature and the importance of carefully modelling the (relativistic) dynamics of these systems. The emerging picture is more complex than previously thought, and should be considered in future estimates of rates and properties of EMRIs detectable by LISA.
ALMA observations of super-early galaxies: Attenuation-free model predictions
Authors: Ferrara A. , Carniani S. , di Mascia F. , Bouwens R. J. , Oesch P. , Schouws S.
Published: January 2025

The abundance and blue color of the super-early (redshift z > 10) luminous galaxies discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) can be explained if radiation-driven outflows have ejected their dust on kiloparsec-scales. To test this hypothesis, we predict the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) detectability of this extended dust component. Based on the observed properties of the galaxy, its observed continuum flux at 88 μm, F88, depends on the dust-to-stellar mass ratio, ξd, and on the extent of the dust distribution, rd. When this is applied to the most distant known galaxy, GS-z14-0 at z = 14.32, the fiducial model (ξd = 1/529) predicts
F88fid = 14.9 μJy and a dust extent rd = 1.4 kpc. If the galaxy is very dust rich (ξd = 1/40),
F88max = 40.1 μJy. These values are lower
(F88fid = 9.5 μJy) if the dust is predominantly made of large grains such as those that form in supernova ejecta. Forthcoming ALMA observations might come very close to constraining the fiducial predictions of the outflow-based attenuation-free model. Other super-early galaxies are predicted to be fainter at 88 μm, mostly because their star formation rate is lower than that of GS-z14-0, with fiducial fluxes in the range 2 − 5.2 μJy.
Starting SQM 2024: Theory state-of-the-art
Authors: Noronha-Hostler Jacquelyn
Published: January 2025

I discuss the theoretical developments related to Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM) leading up to the SQM2024 conference. These advances include mapping out the Quantum Chromodynamics phase diagram; puzzles that exist in hadron physics from light to heavy particles; and relativistic hydrodynamics with the inclusion of spin and magnetic fields.
Recent results on heavy flavours and quarkonia from ALICE
Authors: Fionda Fiorella
Published: January 2025

Heavy-flavour hadrons, containing at least one charm or beauty quark, are excellent probes of the deconfined medium created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, known as quark–gluon plasma. Results in smaller collision systems, such as proton–proton and p–Pb collisions, besides representing an important baseline for interpreting heavy-ion measurements, are crucial to test perturbative QCD calculations and hadronisation mechanisms in the absence of hot medium effects, as well as to search for commonalities with heavy-ion systems. Recently, measurements in proton–proton and p–Pb collisions have revealed unforeseen features with respect to the expectations based on previous results from e+e− and ep collisions, showing that fragmentation fractions of heavy quarks are not universal. In this contribution, an overview of the most recent ALICE heavy-flavour measurements, along with the comparison to available calculations, will be discussed.
ATLAS highlights: Recent results from ATLAS
Authors: Balek Petr
Published: January 2025

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider encompasses a wide-ranging physics programme that includes various collision systems and centre-of-mass energies. These proceedings provide an overview of the recent ATLAS measurements regarding heavy ion collisions, heavy flavour production, and collective behaviour. The data utilized in the presented results were recorded during LHC Run 2 (2015–2018). The measurements can help to understand various physics phenomena from hard scatterings to soft processes, and from large systems to small systems.
Measurements of quarkonia production
Authors: Massacrier Laure
Published: January 2025

Quarkonium production in high-energy hadronic collisions is a useful tool to investigate fundamental aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics, from the proton and nucleus structure to deconfinement and the properties of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). In these proceedings, emphasis is made on few recent quarkonium results from the RHIC and LHC colliders in proton-proton (pp), proton-nucleus (p-A) and nucleus-nucleus (A-A) collisions. In addition, results for some key observables are compiled to discuss the state-of-the-art in quarkonium production, with a focus on quarkonium hadroproduction.
Disoriented isospin condensates in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Kapusta Joseph , Pratt Scott , Singh Mayank
Published: January 2025

Anomalous neutral to charged kaon correlations measured by the ALICE collaboration have defied usual explanations. We propose that the large fluctuations could arise because of a disoriented isospin condensate where there is an imbalance between up and down condensates at the time kaons hadronize. This could happen in heavy-ion collisions when the quark condensate re-forms as the system cools and the approximate chiral symmetry of QCD is broken. Within the linear sigma model, we show that the energy cost of forming a disoriented isospin condensate is small making it very plausible.
A Deep Learning Based Estimator for Light Flavour Elliptic Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions at LHC Energies
Authors: Barnaföldi Gergely Gábor , Mallick Neelkamal , Prasad Suraj , Sahoo Raghunath , Mishra Aditya Nath
Published: January 2025

We developed a deep learning feed-forward network for estimating elliptic flow (v2) coefficients in heavy-ion collisions from RHIC to LHC energies. The success of our model is mainly the estimation of v2 from final state particle kinematic information and learning the centrality and the transverse momentum (pT) dependence of v2 in wide pT regime. The deep learning model is trained with AMPT-generated Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV minimum bias events. We present v2 estimates for π±, K±, and p + p¯ in heavy-ion collisions at various LHC energies. These results are compared with the available experimental data wherever possible.
p–ϕ femtoscopic correlation analysis using a dynamical model
Authors: Kuroki Kenshi , Hirano Tetsufumi
Published: January 2025

We analyse the p–ϕ correlation functions in high-multiplicity proton+ proton collisions at the LHC using a dynamical model, DCCI2, and discuss the effects of collision dynamics on the p–ϕ femtoscopic study. Collision dynamics, such as collective expansion and hadronic rescatterings, leads to the relative momentum-dependent non-Gaussian source functions. This results in deviations in the correlation functions compared to those using the Gaussian source function adopted in existing studies. Our analysis shows the importance of using the source functions that reflect more realistic collision dynamics for future precision analysis of hadron interactions via femtoscopy.
Measurement of p−𝚵− (p - 𝚵+) Correlation Function in Isobar and Au+Au Collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV with the STAR Detector
Authors: Fu Boyang
Published: January 2025

Understanding the strong interactions between baryons, especially hyperon-nucleon (Y-N) interactions, is crucial for comprehending the equation-of-state (EoS) of the nuclear matter and inner structure of neutron star. In these proceedings, we present the measurements of p−Ξ− (p¯ - Ξ¯+) correlation functions with high statistics in Isobar (Ru+Ru, Zr+Zr) and Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment. With the Lednický-Lyuboshitz approach, the source size and strong interaction parameters of p−Ξ− (p¯ - Ξ¯+) pairs are extracted.
Strangeness production in fixed-target collisions at LHCb
Authors: Lucarelli Chiara
Published: January 2025

Studies of strangeness production in high-energy fixed-target collisions provide information on hadronization and serve as important inputs to models of particle production in cosmic rays. Thanks to its forward geometry and the possibility to inject gas into the beam pipe, the LHCb detector with the SMOG system is ideally suited to study strangeness production in fixed-target collisions at the LHC. We present recent LHCb results on strangeness production in fixed-target proton-nucleus collisions, including studies of hyperon production and polarization.
Dependence of net-hyperon production at mid-rapidity on beam energy and its implication on baryon number carrier
Authors: Tsang Chun Yuen
Published: January 2025

The conventional picture of baryon number is that each valence quark inside a baryon carries 1/3 unit of baryon number. However, an alternative picture exists where the center of a Y-shaped topology of gluon fields, called the baryon junction, carries 1 unit of baryon number. Previous analysis suggests that the nature of the baryon number carrier is sensitive to net-proton yields at mid-rapidity in heavy-ion collisions, and experimental measurements potentially challenge the conventional picture. In this study, we analyzed published data from the BES-I program at RHIC, which performed Au+Au collisions at center-of-mass energies ranging from 7.7 to 200 GeV. We investigated the rapidity dependence of net-hyperon yields after correcting for strangeness production suppression, and found that the net-hyperon yields at mid-rapidity follow an exponential dependence on the beam rapidity. This behavior is consistent with Regge model predictions. Moreover, the exponential slopes for net- Λ, net-Ξ, and net-Ω are consistent with each other, suggesting that the baryon transport is flavor blind. Conventional models like PYTHIA, which use valence quarks as the baryon number carrier, have difficulty reproducing this transport behavior.
First D0 + D0 measurement in nucleus-nucleus collisions at SPS energies with NA61/SHINE
Authors: Merzlaya Anastasia
Published: January 2025

The measurement of open charm meson production provides a tool for the investigation of the properties of the hot and dense matter created in nucleus-nucleus collisions at relativistic energies. In particular, charm mesons are of vivid interest in the context of the study of the nature of the phasetransition between confined hadronic matter and the quark-gluon plasma. Recently, the NA61/SHINE experimental setup was upgraded with a high spatial resolution Vertex Detector which enables the reconstruction of secondary vertices from open charm meson decays.

The first direct neutral D meson yields at the SPS energy regime will be shown. The analysis used the 20% most central Xe+La collisions at 150A GeV/c from the data set collected in 2017. It allowed the estimation of the mid-rapidity yields (dN/dy) of D0 + D¯0 using their π± + K∓ decay channels and phase space corrections derived from the three models AMPT, PHSD, and PYTHIA/Angantyr. The results will be compared and discussed in the context of several model calculations including statistical and dynamical approaches.
Investigating the interplay between initial hard processes and final-state effects measuring prompt and non-prompt J/ψ
Authors: Coquet Maurice
Published: January 2025

Charmonium production in high-energy collisions can be split into a prompt and a non-prompt component. Both components can be distinguished experimentally by studying displaced topology, and represent valuable tools to investigate the properties of the strongly interacting medium produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. In particular, the study of non-prompt charmonium production can give access to the beauty-hadron production cross section and can be used to investigate the in-medium energy loss of beauty quarks. In these proceedings, the recent measurement of prompt and non-prompt J/ψ carried out by the ALICE Collaboration in Pb–Pb collisions at midrapidity (|y| < 0.8) at √sNN = 5.02 TeV, will be presented. Moreover, thanks to the installation of the new muon forward tracker (MFT), the prompt/non-prompt charmonium separation will be possible in LHC Run 3 also at forward rapidity (2.5 < y < 4).
Investigating the system size dependence of hypernuclei production with A < 5 using the ALICE detector
Authors: Wang Yuanzhe
Published: January 2025

The production of (anti)hypernuclei is among the most promising probes for studying the production mechanism of light nuclei in high-energy hadronic collisions. According to coalescence predictions, the production of 3ΛH, 4ΛH, and 4ΛHe is sensitive to their internal wave function. In contrast, the yields predicted with the Statistical Hadronitazion Models (SHM) are based on the mass of the (hyper)nuclei and the freeze-out temperature, with no explicit dependence on the nuclear structure. In these proceedings, the measurements of 3ΛH, 4ΛH, and 4ΛHe from pp to central Pb–Pb collisions are presented. The results are based on the data samples collected by ALICE during the LHC Run 2 and Run 3. For the 3ΛH, in addition, an innovative method to extract its properties based on the system size dependency of its production yield is also presented.
Measurements of 4ΛH and 4ΛHe Production in √sNN = 3.0-3.5 GeV Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
Authors: Hu Chenlu
Published: January 2025

Hypernuclei, which are bound states of nuclei with at least one hyperon, serve as excellent experimental probes for studying the hyperon-nucleon (Y-N) interaction. In these proceedings, the measurements of A=4 hypernuclei (4ΛH and 4ΛHe) production from the RHIC-STAR experiment utilizing the fixed target datasets are presented. The measured yields dN=dy of 4ΛH and 4ΛHe as a function of rapidity are shown from √sNN and 3.5 GeV Au+Au collisions. Additionally, the energy dependencies of the ratio of 4ΛH/Λ and 4ΛHe/Λ are examined to explore isospin effects. The mass dependence of the mean transverse momentum  are also discussed. Furthermore, calculations from PHQMD, thermal model and transport model JAM plus coalescence afterburner are compared to these results and the relevant physics implications are discussed.
Clusters as a probe of the equation-of-state of strongly interacting matter
Authors: Gläßel Susanne , Voronyuk Vadim , Winn Michael , Kireyeu Viktar , Coci Gabriele , Aichelin Jörg , Blume Christoph , Bratkovskaya Elena
Published: January 2025

We investigate the influence of the equation-of-state (EoS) of strongly interacting matter created in heavy-ion collisions on the light cluster and hypernuclei production within the Parton-Hadron-Quantum-Molecular Dynamics (PHQMD) microscopic transport approach. In earlier PHQMD calculations, nucleon interactions were modeled using a static, density-dependent potential corresponding to the soft and hard equation-of-state. In this study, we incorporate a momentum-dependent potential for the baryon-baryon interaction, derived from the soft EoS. We study the influence of momentum dependent potential on light cluster production.
Bayesian constraints on the high density QCD EoS for nuclear matter from Heavy-ion collision data
Authors: Kuttan Manjunath Omana , Steinheimer Jan , Zhou Kai , Stoecker Horst
Published: January 2025

A Bayesian framework is introduced to constrain the density dependence of the Equation of State (EoS) for nuclear matter. The EoS is inferred using existing measurements of elliptic flow and the mean transverse kinetic energy of protons in the beam energy range of √sNN = 2−10 GeV. Tight constraints are obtained for densities up to 4 times the nuclear saturation density. However, the results are highly sensitive to the choice of observables, highlighting the need for consistent, high-precision measurements in this energy range.
4D-TExS: A new 4D lattice-QCD equation of state with extended density coverage
Authors: Jahan Johannes , Abuali Ahmed , Borsányi Szabolcs , Kahangirwe Micheal , Parotto Paolo , Pásztor Attila , Ratti Claudia , Shah Hitansh , Trabulsi Seth A.
Published: January 2025

Although calculations of QCD thermodynamics from first-principle lattice simulations are limited to zero net-density due to the fermion sign problem, several methods have been developed to extend the equation of state (EoS) to finite values of the B, Q, S chemical potentials. Taylor expansion around µi = 0 (i = B, Q, S) enables to cover with confidence the region up to µi/T < 2.5. Recently, a new method has been developed to compute a 2D EoS in the (T, µB) plane. It was constructed through a T -expansion scheme (TExS), based on a resummation of the Taylor expansion, and is trusted up to densities around µB/T = 3.5. We present here the new 4D-TExS EoS, a generalization of the TExS to all 3 chemical potentials, expected to offer a larger coverage than the 4D Taylor expansion EoS. After explaining the basics of the T -Expansion Scheme and how it is generalized to multiple dimensions, we will present results for thermodynamic observables as functions of temperature and both finite baryon and strangeness chemical potentials.
Measurements of global and local spin polarization of Λ and Λ in Au+Au collisions from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan
Authors: Hu Qiang
Published: January 2025

We report the measurements of Λ hyperons’ global and local spin polarization from second phase of the RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES-II) in Au+Au collisions at Λ and Λ¯ = 7.7−27 GeV. Global polarization measurements of Λ and Λ show no significant differences, offering insights into the late-stage evolution of the magnetic field. The new measurements of the local polarization of Λ perpendicular to the reaction plane () shows a monotonic increase with decreasing collision energy, while the component along the beam direction () for both Λ and Λ is small in magnitude with no strong energy dependence. The net local polarization observable, Λ and Λ¯ and 〈P2,ynet> = 〈P2,y(Λ)〉 - 〈P2,y(Λ¯)〉 and 〈P2,znet〉 = 〈P2,z(Λ)〉 - 〈P2,z(Λ¯)〉 designed to probe baryonic spin Hall effect, is consistent with zero with large uncertainty.
Differential measurements of ϕ-meson global spin alignment in Au+Au collisions at STAR
Authors: Wilks Gavin
Published: January 2025

The STAR collaboration observed a significant global spin alignment (ρ00) signal for ϕ-mesons in Au+Au collisions using the data from the BES-I [1] which cannot be explained by conventional mechanisms, but may be attributable to the influence of a ϕ-meson force field [2–6]. In this talk, we present differential measurements of ϕ-meson global spin alignment using the STAR detector in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 14.6 and 19.6 GeV from the second phase of the Beam Energy Scan at RHIC (BES-II). The first rapidity (y) dependent ρ00 results for ϕ-mesons will be shown, alongside new centrality and transverse momentum (pT) dependent measurements. The results presented in these proceedings will help understand the potential link of global spin alignment to vector meson fields and their roles in the evolution of nuclear matter.
PROTAC : Nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques basées sur l’exploitation des voies de dégradation des protéines
Authors: Cornu Marie , Lemaitre Thomas , Schwalen Florian , Kieffer Charline , Voisin-Chiret Anne Sophie
Published: January 2025

La perturbation de la protéostasie constitue un contexte propice à l’innovation thérapeutique, en particulier grâce à l’exploitation de technologies comme l’approche PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimera). Cette technologie vise à cibler sélectivement des protéines impliquées dans diverses maladies, dont le cancer et les maladies neurodégénératives, en induisant leur dégradation spécifique via le système ubiquitine-protéasome. Ainsi, l’approche PROTAC ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour restaurer l’homéostasie protéique altérée, et moduler les conséquences pathologiques induites par la dérégulation de la protéostasie. De plus, en ciblant des protéines résistantes aux approches thérapeutiques classiques, cette nouvelle stratégie offre un espoir de traitement. En dégradant des protéines cibles, indépendamment de leur forme ou de mutations, l’approche PROTAC ouvre la voie à l’atteinte de cibles auparavant inaccessibles et à la réduction de la résistance au traitement.
Le rôle des odeurs dans la communication entre les plantes et les insectes
Authors: Montagné Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Les insectes et les plantes à fleurs sont les organismes pluricellulaires les plus abondants et diversifiés sur Terre. Leur évolution est largement interdépendante depuis la fin du Crétacé, où l’explosion de la diversité des plantes a stimulé la diversification des insectes pollinisateurs et herbivores. Les plantes à fleurs sont notamment connues pour émettre dans l’atmosphère un très grand nombre de composés organiques volatils, qui leur permettent d’attirer les insectes pollinisateurs, repousser les insectes herbivores ou attirer les prédateurs ou parasites de ces herbivores. Ces composés servent également de signaux chimiques pour les insectes, les aidant à trouver de la nourriture ou des sites de ponte. La communication chimique a ainsi joué un rôle majeur dans l’histoire évolutive de ces organismes, et la compréhension des mécanismes de cette communication et de leur évolution est l’objet de nombreuses recherches. Des études sont par exemple menées sur la détection des volatils de plantes par le système olfactif des insectes herbivores, et notamment sur l’évolution des récepteurs olfactifs. Ces travaux offrent également des perspectives pour le développement des stratégies de bio-contrôle des ravageurs.
The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea, an accidental host for the European bitterling Rhodeus amarus
Authors: Pfeiffer Michael , Mildner Manuel , Günter Christian Patrick , Leschner Magnus
Published: January 2025

European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) embryonic development depends entirely on freshwater mussels of the family Unionidae as host. As almost all the six widespread European unionid mussel species are declining in Southwestern Germany, this could result in the loss of spawning habitats for R. amarus in the future. However, there is evidence even for a further expansion of this fish species in the Upper Rhine valley. As this expansion takes place in conjunction with a considerable spread of the non-indigenous freshwater mussel Corbicula fluminea, it is hypothesized that C. fluminea might also serve as a suitable host for R. amarus. Our study for the first time reports successful oviposition of R. amarus into C. fluminea. However, there is a lack of any evidence of bitterling embryo development in C. fluminea. In the presence of both U. crassus and C. fluminea, R. amarus exhibits a preference for unionid mussels for oviposition, prior to C. fluminea. Consequently, C. fluminea seems to be an accidental host for R. amarus and there seem to be other causes for its range expansion.
Wie gut ist die Wirksamkeit der Low-Dose-Radiotherapie (LD-RT) für die Heberden-Arthrose? Eine Analyse der aktuellen Literatur
Authors: Schreiner Ute , Huberti Helmut
Published: January 2025

Die Low-Dose-Radiotherapie ist eine etablierte Behandlungsoption nicht-maligner
Erkrankungen der Bewegungsorgane. In der Behandlung der Heberden-Arthrose wird sie
eingesetzt, bisher scheint eine Evidenz der Wirksamkeit jedoch nicht sicher. In dieser
Arbeit wird die aktuelle Literatur überprüft auf wissenschaftliche Nachweise einer
Wirksamkeit in der Behandlung der Heberden-Arthrose.

Die Datenbanken PubMed und Cochrane Library wurden auf entsprechende Publikationen
durchsucht.

Es konnten 9 Publikationen identifiziert werden, die Daten aus 7 Studien
veröffentlichen. Nur eine Studie war als randomisiert, placebokontrolliert und verblindet
konzipiert. Keine der Studien untersuchte ausschließlich Heberden-Arthrose. Die Studien
waren durchweg inhomogen in Hinblick auf Einschlusskriterien, Nachuntersuchungskriterien,
Bestrahlungsmodus und Interpretation des Behandlungserfolgs. In der RCT konnte kein
Unterschied zwischen der Verumgruppe und der Kontrollgruppe festgestellt werden.

Die Studienlage ist derzeit schwach. Die recherchierten Publikationen sind zu wenig
zielgerichtet auf das Kollektiv der Heberden-Arthrose und insgesamt zu inhomogen in Hinblick
auf die angewendeten Kriterien. Von daher sind künftige zielgerichtete Studien für den
Nachweis einer Wirksamkeit erforderlich.