bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In silico Targeting of the NACHT/PYD Domain in NLRP3 Inflammasome Using Phytochemical Alkaloids: A Computational Drug Discovery Approach
Authors: SINGH NILAY , Sharma Promila , Pal Manoj K. , Kahera Ragini , Badoni Himani , Pant Kumud , Sharma Neetu , Bhist Bhawana
Published: April 2024

Background
The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in the innate immune system, orchestrating the activation of caspase-1 and the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in reaction to microbial infections and cellular damage. Despite its crucial function in defending against pathogens, the dysregulated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with various inflammatory disorders. In the current investigation, promising plant-derived alkaloids compounds have been discovered as targeted inhibitors against multiprotein NLRP3 using an in-silico drug development approach. The repurposing of natural compounds as anti-inflammatory agents remains a relevant approach for identifying promising early interventions to prevent and manage inflammatory diseases.
Method and Result
In this molecular docking study targeting Chain A of the NLRP3 inflammasome protein, eight plant-derived alkaloids renowned for their anti-inflammatory properties were chosen. Docking analysis of the selected alkaloids showed the lowest/best binding energies of more than − 10 Kcal/mol against NLRP3 Chain A, based on this docking result, which is regarded as an exceptional binding score. Notably, Oxyacanthine, Magnoflorine, Corynoline, and Berbamine demonstrated the most favourable binding energies, displaying unique interactions within the binding pocket of the NACHT/PYD domain of NLRP3 Chain A among all compounds investigated. These findings highlight the potential of these alkaloids as promising therapeutic candidates specifically targeting this trans-activating NACHT/PYD domain of NLRP3 Chain A in the context of anti-inflammatory interventions. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play an important role in elucidating protein function and drug interactions. To identify bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory potential, a functional protein network was constructed from publicly available PPI data.
Conclusion
As a result, the findings of this in-silico study may cause researchers to emphasize more on alkaloids when considering natural plant products for the treatment of various illnesses that target the inflammatory intermediates. This computational approach predicted ligands that may modulate inflammatory proteins and support host immunity. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are still needed to validate these in-silico findings before clinical use. In summary, analysing PPI networks can aid discovery of therapeutic candidates, but experimental validation remains essential.
Monitoring Soil Carbon in smallholder carbon projects: Insights from Kenya
Authors: OKOLI Adaugo , Birkenberg Athena
Published: April 2024

Voluntary carbon market schemes facilitate funding for projects promoting sustainable land management practices to sequester carbon in natural sinks such as biomass and soil, while also supporting agricultural production. The effectiveness of VCM schemes relies on accurate measurement mechanisms that can directly attribute carbon accumulation to project activities. However, measuring carbon sequestration in soils has proven to be difficult and costly, especially in fragmented smallholdings predominant in global agriculture. The cost and accuracy limitations of current methods to monitor soil organic carbon (SOC) limit the participation of smallholder farmers in global carbon markets, where they could potentially be compensated for adopting sustainable farming practices that provide ecosystem benefits. This study evaluates nine different approaches for SOC accounting in smallholder agricultural projects. The approaches involve the use of proximal and remote sensing, along with process models. Our evaluation centers on stakeholder requirements for the Measurement, Reporting, and Verification system, using the criteria of accuracy, level of standardization, costs, adoptability, and the advancement of community benefits. By analyzing these criteria, we highlight opportunities and challenges associated with each approach, presenting suggestions to enhance their applicability for smallholder SOC accounting. The contextual foundation of the research is a case study on the Western Kenya Soil Carbon Project. Remote sensing shows promise in reducing costs for direct and modeling-based carbon measurement. While it is already being used in certain carbon market applications, transparency is vital for broader integration. This demands collaborative work and investment in infrastructure like spectral libraries and user-friendly tools. Balancing community benefits against the detached nature of remote techniques is essential. Enhancing information access aids farmers, boosting income through improved soil and crop productivity, even with remote monitoring. Handheld sensors can involve smallholders, given consistent protocols. Engaging the community in monitoring can cut project costs, enhance agricultural capabilities, and generate extra income.
The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Subjective well-being, and Education on all-cause Mortality: Evidence from China
Authors: Qiao Xiaoyan , Nie Huilan , Chen Zhi , Xu ZhenYuan , Zhang Han , Taylor Alexandra , Dieck Mandy tom , Bao Yijun , Shi Xin
Published: April 2024

Background
Well-being research involves sociology, psychology, ethics, economics and many other related disciplines. In recent decades, the research interest in well-being has been increasing in sociology circles, and well-being research has gradually matured. However, studies of the dependence between time-varying longitudinal measures of subjective well-being and survival outcomes are still scarce. The aim of this study was to conduct joint model analysis of longitudinal data and survival data to explore the influence of socioeconomic status on Chinese residents' subjective well-being and risk of all-cause mortality, and to assess the impact of longitudinal dynamic measurements on survival outcomes.
Methods
Using the adult data (>16) from the China Family Panel Studies obtained between 2010-2018, 67,260 samples of longitudinal data and 14,654 samples of survival data (753 dead samples) were finally formed. First, a spatiotemporal analysis of Chinese subjective well-being levels was conducted. Secondly, a joint model was constructed to analyze the independent contributions of years of education, family per capita net income, and social status to subjective well-being and risk of all-cause mortality. In addition, the impact of dynamic longitudinal processes on survival processes was explored. Finally, the individual dynamic survival probability was predicted.
Results
All three independent measures of socioeconomic status were significantly positively correlated with subjective well-being (P<0.01). Among them, social status has the greatest impact on subjective well-being, followed by family per capita net income, and the least impact of years of education. Survival analysis results showed that education was the only measure that was significantly associated with the risk of all-cause mortality, and higher education levels were associated with lower risk of death. Meanwhile, the study demonstrated that each unit increase in subjective well-being was associated with a 12.8% reduction in the risk of death.
Conclusions
Overall, socioeconomic status is significantly positively correlated with subjective well-being, and the increase in education level and subjective well-being will reduce the risk of death.
Spatial Distribution of Climate Change Variables (Rainfall and Temperature): A Case Study of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Okoduwa Akus Kingsley , Amaechi Chika Floyd
Published: April 2024

Fluctuations in rainfall and increasedtemperatures serve as indicators of climate change in Nigeria. However, a comprehensive examination of climatic variables and their spatial distribution within Delta State is lacking in the literature. Previous studies on climate change predominantly rely on data from ground-based monitoring stations. However, these stations fail to cover all geopolitical zones within Delta State, posing significant challenges to climate monitoring research. To address this research gap, this study employs the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) and ERA5_Land reanalysis datasets to analyzerainfall and temperature trends spanning from 1983-2023 in Delta State, Nigeria. The statistical significance of these trends was determined using the Mann‒Kendall testand Sen’s slope trend test. Additionally, ArcGIS 10.7 was used to map the spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature in the region. The results revealed a decreasing trend in rainfall from 1983-2023. However, this decreasing trend was not statistically significant (p-value> 0.05). Spatially, rainfall has been decreasing in certain regions of Delta State. For the temperature, the results show an increasing trend from 1983-2023. This increasing trend in temperature was statistically significant (p-value < 0.01). The spatial map shows that Oshimili North, Oshimili South, certain areas of Burutu, certain areas of Warri South West, and some parts of Warri North experienced the highest temperatures throughout the study period. The study's findings will be helpful to environmental managers and policymakers in developing creative strategies to lessen the negative effects of climate change.
Characterizing Individual Occupation and Travel Heat Burdens through Exposure and Reprieve
Authors: Li Rui , Vanos Jennifer K. , Chester Mikhail V. , Middel Ariane , Hernandez-cortes Danae
Published: April 2024

Heat exposure for urban populations has become more prevalent as the temperature and duration of heat waves in cities increase. Occupational exposure to heat is a major concern for personal health, and excessive heat exposure can cause devastating outcomes. While occupational heat exposure studies have traditionally focused on environmental temperature, work intensity, and clothing, little is known about the daily exposure profile of workers, including their daily travel and working patterns. This study developed a novel measure of exposure and reprieve dynamics, the moving average hourly exposure (MAHE) to balance short-duration but high-exposure events and capture the inability to reprieve from exposure events. MAHE was assessed by combining an activity-based travel model (ABM) and the Occupational Requirement Survey to simulate urban workers' total daily heat exposure. The simulation considers daily travel, work schedules, and outdoor working frequency. The simulation was conducted for 1 million workers in Phoenix, Arizona, using Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT). The results show that 53–89% of workers in Phoenix's construction, agriculture, transportation, raw material extraction, and entertainment industries will likely experience MAHE over 38°C for at least an hour. These industries also have up to 34% of the laborers exposed to over 7 hours of continuous 38°C and above MAHE exposure. The location of the most intense heat exposure was identified near the downtown and central business districts, significantly different from the home locations of the workers in suburban and rural areas. Formulating the MAHE balances heat risk events with cooling benefits and aids in identifying individuals with prolonged high heat exposure.
Metformin Can Decrease Serum levels of 12(S)-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Li Yiming , Dong Linyue , Huang Hui , Zhou Yue , Yin Qinyi , Wu Ximin , Du Zenan , Han Linhang , Wu Jiarui , Wu LongLong , Lu Hao
Published: April 2024

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often accompanies by diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The occurrence and progression of T2DM and DKD are closely related to the inflammatory response and oxidative stress triggered by metabolic abnormalities including hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. 12(S)-HETE, a metabolite of arachidonic acid, is considered as a critical lipid mediator in inflammation and oxidative stress and is believed to play a role in the occurrence and progression of DKD. Metformin is widely used as an initial drug for T2DM, but its effect on diabetic kidney disease still remains to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of metformin treatment on serum 12(S)-HETE level in T2DM patients combined with DKD.
Methods: A total of 121 T2DM patients were enrolled, including 63 T2DM patients with DKD and 58 T2DM patients without DKD. Then the T2DM patients with DKD were divided into two groups based on the use of metformin. There were 33 patients in the metformin group and 30 patients in the non-metformin group. Renal function was assessed by measuring glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio for all the patients. Serum 12(S)-HETE was extracted and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Spearman’s correlation analysis was utilized to assess the relationship between serum 12(S)-HETE level and relevant variables associated with T2DM combined with DKD.
Results: We reported a significant elevation of serum 12(S)-HETE level in T2DM patients with DKD compared to T2DM patients without DKD (P<0.05). Among T2DM patients combined with DKD, patients receiving metformin treatment showed significantly lower serum 12(S)-HETE level compared to patients receiving treatment without metformin (P<0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that serum 12(S)-HETE level had moderate positive correlations with ACR (R=0.3878, P<0.0001) and uAER (R=0.3198, P=0.0007) of renal function, and showed a moderate positive correlation with LDL-C/HDL-C levels of serum lipids (R=-0.3030, P=0.0014).
Conclusions: Metformin reduced serum 12(S)-HETE level in T2DM patients with DKD. The mechanism might be related to the improvement of the abnormal lipid metabolic state through metformin.
Experimental study on the bending performance of a precast, pretensioned high-strength concrete I-girder with pretensioned double broken strands
Authors: Lu Tao , Zheng Xiaobo , Chen Jie , Yang Yongqing , Li Yuan
Published: April 2024

Precast, pretensioned concrete girders are extensively used in bridge engineering to prevent damage to concrete girders, such as the loss of prestress and the corrosion of strands. Existing studies of the mechanical performance and failure characteristics of bridge girders had shortcomings, resulting in potential safety hazards. This study conducted a full-scale model experiment and theoretical analysis of the bending performance of a 35-m long precast, pretensioned concrete I-girder with pretensioned double broken strands. The cracks and bending damage were investigated. The results showed that the maximum vertical displacement of the composite girder was much lower than the required standard value, with a crack factor and bearing capacity factor of 1.31 and 1.54, respectively. The bending stiffness of the composite girder decreased by 70%. Many cracks occurred in the concrete, resulting in excess stress of the steel bars and prestressed strands. The crack width during loading was much smaller than the theoretical one in the Specifications for Highway Reinforced Concrete Prestressed Concrete Bridge Culverts(JTG 3362 − 2018). Therefore, the girder exhibited optimum bending stiffness, sufficient crack resistance, acceptable ultimate bending capacity, and ductile failure performance. The mechanical behavior and failure mechanism during loading were investigated. This study provides recommendations for the design, maintenance, and damage assessment of this bridge type to improve the service lives of bridges.
Hygroscopic Mg-Al LDHs composite microspheres for highly efficient hyperspectral camouflage in the VIS and NIR wavebands
Authors: Xie Zixun , Yuan Le , Qing Xiaolong , Wang Yaqin , Wu Xiaoyan , Weng Xiaolong
Published: April 2024

To enhance the hyperspectral camouflage efficacy of stealth coatings against a natural vegetative backdrop, LiCl, known for its significant hygroscopic properties, was incorporated into green Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) material. Micron-sized composite microspheres were subsequently synthesized via the spray-drying granulation technique. The structure, morphology, and chemical composition of these microspheres were thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, laser particle size analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of LiCl content on the moisture absorption capacity and near-infrared reflectance spectra of the microspheres was systematically evaluated. We found that incorporating an optimal amount of LiCl into the internal pores of the LDHs microspheres did not compromise their smooth surface morphology and uniform particulate distribution. Notably, when the LiCl content was 10%, the maximum saturation moisture uptake rate of the coating increased to 0.75 g/g. This hygroscopicity significantly enhanced the absorption and scattering of near-infrared radiation by the coating while concurrently improving its ability to modulate the shape and reflectance of both the visible and near-infrared spectral curves. Spectral congruence between the synthetic coating and natural green foliage was quantified at 97.41%. Moreover, this performance was maintained over 10 cycles of programmed drying and re-humidification, and the coating consistently demonstrated stable hygroscopic properties and sustained over 95% spectral congruence. These optimized artificial coatings were found to effectively confuse hyperspectral classification algorithms, thus blending seamlessly into a natural foliage backdrop. This study provides a new method for regulating visible and near-infrared spectral features, which will be critical for applications in advanced hyperspectral camouflage materials.
Third trimester asymptomatic uterine rupture with ballooning of fetal membranes, case report
Authors: Barger Branden T. , Brar Herb , Oshiro Bryan , Smithson Sarah
Published: April 2024

Uterine rupture, though uncommon, is a serious and potentially fatal obstetric complication most often occurring among women undergoing a trial of labor after Cesarean (TOLAC) and is typically accompanied by alterations in both maternal and fetal status. Asymptomatic uterine rupture prior to labor is more unusual. In this report, we detail the case of a 26-year-old woman with a history of three prior Cesarean deliveries (CDs) who, during an outpatient ultrasound, was discovered to have a pre-labor asymptomatic uterine rupture with ballooning of fetal membranes past the uterine defect into the maternal abdomen. Following discovery, she was admitted for monitoring and steroids for fetal lung maturity and was delivered without complication in the late preterm period. Current guidelines do not recommend routine ultrasound in the third trimester for use in monitoring for rupture in women with known risk factors. However, the detection of fluid in the vesicouterine space in individuals with a uterine scar should prompt consideration of a asymptomatic uterine rupture. The presence of amniotic fluid passing through a possible uterine wall defect can be verified using Doppler ultrasound technology.
Neoadjuvant Triplet Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Long Georgina , Wilmott James , Shklovskaya Elena , Satgunseelan Laveniya , Mao Yizhe , Perry Kristen , Diefenbach Russell , Gide Tuba , Shivalingam Brindha , Buckland Michael , Gonzalez Maria , Caixeiro Nicole , Vergara Ismael , Bai Xinyu , Hsiao Edward , Rawson Robert , Silva Ines da , Palendira Umaimainthan , Phan Tri , Menzies Alexander , Carlino Matteo , Quek Camelia , Grimmond Sean , Vissers Joseph , Yeo Dannel , Rasko John , Khasraw Mustafa , Neyns Bart , Reardon David , Ashley David , Wheeler Helen , Back Michael , Drummond James , Scolyer Richard , Rizos Helen
Published: April 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. Given the paucity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment and a low tumor mutation burden, the potential benefits of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) for GBM patients are considered low1,2. Anti-PD-1 ICI monotherapy administered post-primary resection or after recurrence has not improved GBM outcomes3,4. Here, we present the first case of newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype, MGMT-unmethylated GBM treated with upfront neoadjuvant triplet ICI (anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA4/anti-LAG3). Twelve days post-therapy, the primary resected GBM showed anti-PD-1-bound TILs and marked TIL infiltration and activation, compared with baseline biopsy. After 10 months, there is no recurrence.
First-Line Immunotherapy Combined with Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Real World Study
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Han , Weng Chen-Gang , Yang Wu-Han , Gao Hong-Mei , Wang He-Song , Deng Wen-Zhao , Zhu Shu-Chai , Shen Wen-Bin
Published: April 2024

Backgroud: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness, safety, and recurrence patterns of first-line immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.
Methods:A retrospective analysis of 79 eligible ESCC patients was conducted. Primary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), with secondary outcomes being objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DOR), treatment-related adverse events (trAEs), and treatment failure patterns.
Results: The median follow-up was 29.4 months, with median OS unreached and median PFS of 14.6 months (95% CI: 10.7-18.5). ORR was 82.3%, and DOR was 96.2%. Factors affecting OS were clinical stage, immunotherapy cycles, immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy sequence, radiation coverage, mid-treatment lymphocyte count, and short-term efficacy (HR=2.254, 0.374, 2.653, 2.957, 2.309, 2.789; P=0.030, 0.019, 0.009, 0.004, 0.001, 0.014). Factors impacting PFS were clinical stage, immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy, and post-treatment lymphocyte count (HR=2.135, 2.048, 1.911; P=0.007, 0.010, 0.001). Among the cohort, 46.8% experienced treatment failure, with 33 receiving second-line treatment, resulting in a median OS of 14.17 months (95% CI: 7.303-21.037) and 1- and 2-year OS rates of 56.7% and 24.3%. Notably, 36.7% experienced grade ≥2 trAEs, bone marrow suppression most commonly happened, and 5.1% developed esophageal fistulas.
Conclusion: Immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy demonstrates strong anti-tumor activity and tolerability in ESCC patients, The radiation for all leisions, sequential immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy, and higher levels of lymph node cell counts are associated with a better prognosis. Large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed for further validation.
Mental Health and Resilience of University Students in the United Arab Emirates: A Study on Migrant Students at RAK Medical and Health Sciences University
Authors: Salgado Arnel Bañaga , Salgado Jan Joseph Rainer Christorey Maria , Mathew Sandra Maria , Razak Aqsa Abdul , Hussain Shimna , Fatima Wafeeqa
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the mental health resilience of migrant students enrolled at RAK Medical and Health Sciences University (RAKMHSU) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The present research analyzed the current status of mental health resilience among students, identified the key factors contributing to mental health issues, explored the role of resilience in mitigating these challenges, and formulated evidence-based recommendations. The practical implications of these recommendations aim to enhance mental health and resilience, offering hopefor the future and empowering stakeholders to take effective action.
The researchers collected data from a diverse group of 206 migrant university students using two standardized instruments: the Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-Scale) and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The findings revealed a spectrum of resilience levels and revealed that a significant number of students demonstrated high positive mental health. On the BRS, 13 students (6.31%) exhibitedlow resilience, 190 students (92.23%) exhibited normal resilience, and three students (1.46%) displayed high resilience. On the PMH scale, 175 students (84.95%) obtained high scores, indicative of a positive mental health status, while 31 students (15.05%) scored low, suggesting potential challenges in mental well-being. These positive outcomes testthe resilience and strength of our migrant student community, instilling hope for thefuture.
The analysis of the sample data, conducted with robust statistical methods, revealed a meaningful and statistically significant positive correlation between the PMHS-9 score and the BRS-6 score. This validation of the relationship between the two variables is crucial. The correlation coefficient (r) between PMHS-9 and BRS-6 was 0.188, indicating that as PMHS-9 increased, BRS-6 tended to increase, and vice versa. The p-value associated with the correlation coefficient was 0.007, suggesting a low probability of observing a correlation coefficient as extreme as 0.188 by chance alone. Therefore, the correlation between the PMHS-9 score and BRS-6 score was statistically significant at the 0.01 level, further reinforcing the research findings.
This research provides insights into mental health resilience in multicultural university settings. The results could help develop tailored support programs for migrant student populations.
Relationship between Δ40p53α, Δ133p53α, and p53β/γ isoforms and mitochondrial copy number, with clinical and pathological features in Mexican breast cancer patients
Authors: Domínguez-de-la-Cruz Eduardo , Oropeza-Sánchez Rubén , Muñoz María de Lourdes , García-Hernández Normand , Moctezuma-Meza Christian , Hinojosa-Cruz Juan Carlos , David Randy E.
Published: April 2024

Expression of WTp53 has been associated with mtDNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in cultured cells and expression of p53 isoforms has been associated with clinical and pathological features of different cancer types, including breast cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Δ40p53α, Δ133p53α, and p53β/γ isoforms with clinical and pathological features, mitochondrial haplogroups, and mtDNAcn in a Mexican population. Expression of p53 isoforms was evaluated via immunoblot in breast cancer tissue (BCT) and normal adjacent tissue (NAT), to investigate the relationship between protein expression and clinical and pathological features, mitochondrial haplogroups and mtDNAcn. D-loop mtDNA sequencing and real time RT-PCR was performed to determine mtDNA haplogroups and mtDNAcn. Our findings revealed that: (a) expression of Δ40p53α was higher in NAT compared to BCT, (b) expression of Δ133p53α was higher in BCT compared to NAT, and elevated in BCT of patients >50 years old, overweight, and obese; in stage IA; subtypes IDC I-II; ER-positive, PR-positive, HER2-negative, HER3-negative, or luminal A; and mtDNA haplogroups A or B, (c) p53β/γ isoform expression in NAT were higher in patients with haplogroup C, and (d) mtDNAcn was lower in BCT subtype ILC I, stage IIIA, or in BCT of patients with haplogroup C compared to other haplogroups. The differential protein expression of Δ40p53α, Δ133p53α and p53β/γ observed in NAT compared with BCT, containing different clinical and pathological features, and mitochondrial haplogroups may contribute to breast cancer progression and prognosis. These findings have not been reported previously.
BPPP: A novel pelvis-prostate model predicting immediate urinary continence after Retzius-sparing robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Zhang Xiaohu , Zhang Qing , Chen Tianyi , Wang Hao , Guo Hongqian , Zhang Gutian
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to construct a novel pelvis-prostate model BPPP which consists of body mass index (BMI), prostate volume (PV), pelvic cavity index (PCI) and prostate-muscle index (PMI) to predict the immediate urinary continence after Retzius-sparing robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RS-RARP). The perioperative data of patients with prostate cancer who underwent RS-RARP in the department of urology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from June 2018 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. 280 patients were eligible for this study in total. Multivariate analysis showed that BMI, PV, PCI, PMI and NVB preservation were significantly associated with immediate urinary continence after RS-RARP. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with low BMI, low PV, high PCI and high PMI had a higher recovery rate of immediate urinary continence. The area under the curve of BPPP(BMI+PV+PCI+PMI) for predicting the immediate recovery of urinary continence after RS-RARP was 0.726. Delong test showed that the area under the curve of the combined test for predicting the immediate urinary continence after RS-RARP was better compared with single parameter (p<0.05). In conclusion the novel pelvis-prostate model BPPP may predict the immediate urinary continence after RS-RARP, providing information for preoperative decision‑making.
Open left diaphragm method enables safe surgery with a good visual field in a laparoscopic transhiatal approach for esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kanaji Shingo , Urakawa Naoki , Harada Hitoshi , Shimada Atsushi , Koterazawa Yasufumi , Sawada Ryuichiro , Goto Hironobu , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Yamashita Kimihiro , Matsuda Takeru , Oshikiri Taro , Kakeji Yoshihiro
Published: April 2024

Background
Despite being oncologically acceptable for esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma with an esophageal invasion length of 3–4 cm, the transhiatal approach has not yet become a standard method given the difficulty of reconstruction in a narrow space and the risk of severe anastomotic leakage. This study aimed to clarify the safety and feasibility of the open left diaphragm method during the transhiatal approach for esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma.
Methods
This retrospective study compared the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent proximal or total gastrectomy with lower esophagectomy for Siewert type II/III adenocarcinomas with esophageal invasion via the laparoscopic transhiatal approach with or without the open left diaphragm method from April 2013 to December 2021.
Results
Overall, 42 and 13 patients did and did not undergo surgery with the open left diaphragm method, respectively. The median operative time was only slightly shorter in the open left diaphragm group than in the non-open left diaphragm group (369 vs. 482 min; P = 0.07). Grade ≥ II postoperative respiratory complications were significantly less common in the open left diaphragm group than in the non-open left diaphragm group (17% vs. 46%, P = 0.03). Neither group had grade ≥ IV anastomotic leakage, and two cases of anastomotic leakage requiring reoperation were drained using the left diaphragmatic release technique.
Conclusions
Transhiatal lower esophagectomy with gastrectomy using the open left diaphragm method is minimally invasive and safe, highlighting its advantages for Siewert type II/III esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma with an esophageal invasion length of ≤ 4 cm.
Estimation of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and drought modeling using ARIMA time series in Raichur, Karnataka, India
Authors: Kashyap Anurag , Kumble Varija , POONIA VIKAS
Published: April 2024

Drought, characterized by a prolonged absence of precipitation leading to water scarcity, profoundly impacts various sectors like agriculture, the environment, and human life. Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration through the Penman-Monteith method enhances the study's reliability. Assessing drought severity is effectively achieved by integrating drought indices, such as SPEI, into a statistical modeling framework. Incorporating these indices as input variables in time series models enables the analysis of temporal and spatial patterns, forecasting future drought conditions, and understanding drought impacts on different systems. This study demonstrates the efficacy of the ARIMA model in analysing SPEI time-series data at various temporal scales (1-month, 3-month, and 6-month). Emphasizing the importance of seasonal and monthly plots provides insights into climate analysis. Monthly SPEI plots facilitate the assessment of long-term drought trends and their potential connection to climate change. The findings underscore the increasing relationship between timescales and reveal the superior performance of the ARIMA model with SPEI6, as evidenced by the highest R-squared value, lowest MSE value, and lowest AIC value. These results enhance understanding of climatic patterns in the Raichur district, offering valuable insights for decision-making and resource management in the region.
CagA , VacA and urease can assist in predicting the development trend of chronic gastritis
Authors: Hui Wenjia , Liu Weidong , Jiang Qi , Li Ting , Gao Feng
Published: April 2024

Background
The virulence factors about CagA and VacA of Helicobacter pylori are thought to induce more serious gastric disorders and histological alterations, while the urease is regarded as a common virulence factor, which does not result in more severe outcomes. Now, there are few papers that systematically depict the association between the three virulence factors and the histopathology of chronic gastritis in Xinjiang.
Methods
From January 2018 to December 2022, we enrolled 1923 chronic gastritis patients who received endoscopy and were confirmed by pathology at the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. All the included patients were first-time tested for Helicobacter pylori infection and had no eradication treatment history. Selected chronic non-atrophic gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis as the main research subjects. Histopathological evaluation was performed according to the Sydney system. All the patients underwent serologic detection of CagA, VacA and urease (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). We gathered the basic clinical data, serologic data, endoscopic and pathologic data of all the patients.
Results
Among 1923 chronic gastritis patients (1137 Han, 521 Uighur, 140 Kazakh, 125 Hui ; mean age: 56.73 ± 12.84), there are 1064 chronic non-atrophic gastritis and 859 chronic atrophic gastritis and significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 10.27, P = 0.160). Further subgroup analyses of the proportions of different ethnic groups between the two types of gastritis showed a statistically significant difference only between Han and Uyghur groups (χ2 = 7.814, P = 0.005). The positivity rates of CagA, VacA and urease were statistically lower in Han than in Uyghur (χ2 = 27.92, P = 0.000; χ2 = 36.36, P = 0.000; χ2 = 11.814, P = 0.001). Most importantly, the positivity rates of CagA, VacA and urease rose with the rise of the seriousness of gastritis inflammation and activity, but there was no notable statistical discrepancy between the atrophy and intestinalization. Besides, the mean age of CagA, VacA and urease positivity rates in Han patients was usually higher than that in Uyghur, Kazakh and Hui patients.
Conclusions
The relationship between the three virulence factors and the histopathological grading has its own characteristics in Xinjiang. The detection of CagA, VacA, and urease is more suitable to predict the development trend of chronic gastritis for Uyghur patients.
Fibroblasts as an in vitro model of circadian genetic and genomic studies
Authors: Francia Marcelo , Bot Merel , Boltz Toni , Hoz Juan F. De La , Boks Marco P. M. , Kahn Rene S. , Ophoff Roel A.
Published: April 2024

Background Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable disorder characterized by shifts in mood that manifest in manic or depressive episodes. Clinical studies have identified abnormalities of the circadian system in BD patients as a hallmark of underlying pathophysiology. Fibroblasts are a well-established in vitro model for measuring circadian patterns. We set out to examine the underlying genetic architecture of circadian rhythm in fibroblasts, with the goal to assess its contribution to the polygenic nature of BD disease risk. We collected, from primary cell lines of 6 healthy individuals, temporal genomic features over a 48 hour period from transcriptomic data (RNA-seq) and open chromatin data (ATAC-seq).
Results The RNA-seq data showed that only a limited number of genes, primarily the known core clock genes such as ARNTL, CRY1, PER3, NR1D2 and TEF display circadian patterns of expression consistently across cell cultures. The ATAC-seq data identified that distinct transcription factor families, like those with the basic helix-loop-helix motif, were associated with regions that were increasing in accessibility over time. Whereas known glucocorticoid receptor target motifs were identified in those regions that were decreasing in accessibility.
Further evaluation of these regions using stratified linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis failed to identify a significant presence of them in the known genetic architecture of BD, and other psychiatric disorders or neurobehavioral traits in which the circadian rhythm is affected.
Conclusions In this study, we characterize the biological pathways that are activated in this in vitro circadian model, evaluating the relevance of these processes in the context of the genetic architecture of BD and other disorders, highlighting its limitations and future applications for circadian genomic studies.
The effect of a blended indoor and outdoor multicomponent structured exercise program on depressive symptoms in Hong Kong older adults: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: CHENG Shishi , DUAN Yanping , LAU Wui-Man Benson , LIANG Wei , CHAN Ngai-Man Jackie , YOUNG Kim-Wan Daniel , BAKER Julien Steven , LAU Tai-Fai Joseph
Published: April 2024

Background: Depression is a mental health problem often occurring in older adults. More attention has been paid to the benefits of green exercise on mental health in recent years. However, most existing studies of structured exercise on older adults’ depressive symptoms only encompassed one or two exercise components (aerobic/muscular strength/balance) in indoor setting. Considering the advantages of indoor exercise and the high relevance between nature and mental health, the combination of indoor and outdoor multicomponent structured exercise (MSE) programs might be able to maximize intervention effectiveness. The aim of this study is to develop and examine the effect of a blended indoor and outdoor MSE program on depressive symptoms, physical fitness and physical activity (PA) enjoyment in Hong Kong older adults with depressive symptoms.
Methods: The 16-week single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) (2 sessions/week, 90 min/session) will include 129 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 to 74 years old with depressive symptoms. Participants will be randomized to one of three groups (IG-1: a blended indoor and outdoor MSE group; IG-2: an indoor-only MSE group; CG: a control group) using 1:1:1 allocation ratio. The MSE program (aerobic + muscular strength + balance) will be conducted in IG-1 and IG-2. Primary outcome will be depressive symptoms. Secondary outcomes will include salivary cortisol, physical fitness, physical activity (PA) enjoyment. In addition, the mediating role of connectedness to nature (CN) will be examined to reveal the psychological mechanism of intervention. All measured data will be collected at the pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow up stages.
Discussion: This study will take the initiative to implement the blended indoor and outdoor MSE intervention catering older adults with depressive symptoms. The results will provide more comprehensive evidence support for non-pharmacological interventions and guide future relevant public health policies for the improvement of older adults’ depressive symptoms.
Trial registration: This trial is prospectively registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial registration number NCT06190327 registered 19 December 2023.
The Power of ESG Factors in Driving Financial Growth - Insights from Palestine
Authors: Alslaibi Naji , Abdalkarim Naser
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study examines the effects of environmental, social, and governance disclosure (ESG) components on the financial performance (FP) of firms listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange (PEX) from 2016 to 2022, focusing on the moderating role of corporate governance.
Design/methodology/approach: This study used primary data from 44 PEX-listed companies. A context analysis technique was used through company websites and disclosures, the entire population (308 observations) was used for this study, and the study used STATA utilizing the required statistical analysis for this research.
Findings: The study finds that environmental, social, and governance disclosures significantly influence the Return on Equity and Return on Assets. Testing for the moderating role of Corporate Governance, especially board diversity and size, shows that board diversity moderates the association between social and governance disclosure and firm performance. Board size moderates the relationship between social disclosure and firm performance. By contrast, Board Size and Diversity do not moderate the relationship between environmental disclosure and firm performance.
Originality: The study contributes to the literature as the first of its kind conducted in Palestine, examining the moderating effects of board size and diversity on the association between ESG disclosure and firm performance.
Recurrence of Chronic subdural hematoma caused by contralateral middle meningeal artery neovascularization
Authors: Zhai Xiaodong , Wang Chongcheng , Qi Tengfei , Wang Min , Xu Guangming , Yang Wei
Published: April 2024

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most common conditions affecting the nervous system that has a high incidence and mortality rate, especially in elderly individuals. Regardless of whether Burr-hole drainage, craniotomy, or embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) is performed, there is still a risk of recurrence. We report a rare case of cSDH recurrence caused by neovascularization of the contralateral MMA. Ultimately, the patients underwent craniotomy for hematoma removal and embolization of the contralateral MMA achieves good results.
Case presentation: A 74-year-old elderly male was diagnosed with a subdural hematoma involving the left frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. The patient underwent embolization of the MMA and burr-hole craniostomy with drainage to resolve the cSDH. The patient underwent continuous re-examination via head CT and MR, which showed a fresh left subdural hemorrhage and a gradual increase in the amount of subdural hematomas. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examination showed good occlusion of the original left MMA and a new vascular network of the right MMA crossing the midline to the left, with contrast agent leaking to the opposite side. Superselective embolization of the right MMA with Onyx was satisfactory. After MMA embolization, surgery to remove the intracranial hematoma was performed. The postoperative CT re‐examination showed no recurrence.
Conclusion: This study indicates that the patient will develop cSDH recurrence through contralateral MMA neovascularization. Whichever the hematoma side is, to perform DSA of bilateral MMA and selective embolization of the MMA with positive radiological findings are proper treatment options and methods for reducing the rate of cSDH recurrence.
A novel inhibitor isoimperatorin targeting YWHAZ suppresses human lung adenocarcinoma activity by activating autophagy
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Li Zhu , Li Caihong , Ye Meng , Huang Guichuan , Tan Xinran , Luo Xian , Liu Daishun
Published: April 2024

Background: Precise targeted therapy for lung cancer is a key strategy that benefits patients. Existing research indicates that Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta (YWHAZ) plays a role as an oncogene in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. However, there are currently few targeted inhibitors developed against YWHAZ. This study investigated a novel small-molecule drug, isoimperatorin, targeted inhibit YWHAZ and further indicated the anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo. We intend to provide a promising therapeutic strategy for lung adenocarcinoma with high YWHAZ gene expression.
Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to assess YWHAZ expression in Non-small cell lung cancer and normal lung tissues. We detected YWHAZ expression in different types of lung cancer tissue. A high-throughput dual-luciferase reporter system was used to screen YWHAZ-targeting inhibitors. The fuction experiment of tumor cell and mice xenografts were used to investigate the roles of YWHAZ and the antitumor activity of the targeted inhibitors in lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting was conducted to preliminarily explore potential mechanisms.
Results: We revealed high expression of YWHAZ in clinical lung cancer tissues, which was associated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of YWHAZ in lung adenocarcinoma cells impaired the malignant functions, and inhibited the tumor growth in mice xenograft. Isoimperatorin exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the viability of lung adenocarcinoma cells, but its effect on the cells with YWHAZ knockdown was not significant. Treatment with isoimperatorin in lung adenocarcinoma cells inhibited the malignant functions and suppressed tumor growth in mice xenografts. More importantly, we found PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is suppressed after YWHAZ was targeting inhibited by isoimperatorin, while autophagy-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were activated.
Conclusion: Our study indicates that YWHAZ plays an oncogenic role as a core target molecule in lung adenocarcinoma. As a novelly targeted inhibitor, isoimperatorin effectively inhibited YWHAZ gene with potent antitumor activities in lung adenocarcinoma. The underlying mechanism may involve inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, then activating cell autophagy, and subsequently promoting cell apoptosis.
Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies with Different Endoscopic Instruments: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Lv hanfeng , zhu linzhen , yang heng
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aimed to compare the performance and safety of two types of endoscopic instruments, serrated biopsy forceps and foreign body retrieval forceps, for removing upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 143 cases from January 1, 2016, to December 1, 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the instruments used: serrated biopsy forceps (48 cases) and foreign body retrieval forceps (95 cases). We collected data on patient demographics, retrieval success rates, postoperative complications, and characteristics of the foreign bodies. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Results: In the 143 cases, the serrated biopsy forceps group had 45 successful retrievals and 3 failures, while the foreign body retrieval forceps group had 82 successful retrievals and 13 failures. There were significant differences in the types and categories of successfully retrieved foreign bodies between the two groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Flexible endoscopic serrated biopsy forceps are effective for extracting elongated and small flat foreign bodies such as fish bones and poultry bones in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Due to their advantages in terms of cost and flexibility, serrated biopsy forceps can be given priority when considering the removal of such foreign bodies.