bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Bole (Lake Soil) as a Mineral Supplement to Arsi-Bale Sheep Fed Natural Grass Hay and Concentrate Supplement
Authors: Kuraz Belete , Tolera Adugna , Abebe Aster
Published: February 2021

Background: Mineral deficiencies are considered to be one of the nutritional constraints to sheep performance. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of bole soil on feed intake, live weight change and carcass characteristics of Arsi-Bale sheep fed natural grass hay and concentrate supplement and its cost-benefit analysis of bole soil supplementation. Result: Total DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF intake and ADL were higher (p less than 0.0001) for T3 than for T1, T2 and T4. Final weight, body weight change, average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency were greater (p less than 0.0001) for T3 and T2 than for T1 and T4. There were no differences (p greater than 0.05) between T3 and T2 whereas T4 was greater than T1 in these variables. Slaughter weight (SW) was heavier (p less than 0.0001) for treatment two and treatment three than for treatment four and treatment one, hot carcass weight, foreleg weight and dressing percentage on empty body weight basis were greater (p less than 0.0001) for T3 and T2 than for T1and T4. Conclusion: Bole soil supplementation had potentially highest effect on feed intake, live weight change and carcass characteristics of Arsi-Bale sheep than non-supplemented groups. The present study also revealed that supplementation of minerals improved the total weight gain of sheep over the control treatment.
Arm and Forearm Bones of the Adult Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus): A Morphological and Morphometrical Study
Authors: Bharti Sanjay Kumar , Singh Ishwar , Choudhary Om Prakash
Published: February 2021

Background: There is scanty information on the morphology and morphometry of the arm and forearm bones (humerus, radius, ulna) of the adult blue bull; therefore, the present study was designed to provide details on the morphology and morphometry of the arm and forearm bones of adult blue bull. Methods: The present study was conducted on the arm and forearm bones of six adult blue bull of either sex (n=6, male and n=6, female). The bone specimens were collected from Jodhpur zoo after taking official permission from the Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (PCCF), Government of Rajasthan. The collected bones were processed as per the standard hot water maceration technique. The macerated bones were soaked in 3% hydrogen peroxide followed by five days of sun-drying. Result: The humerus and radius was the long bones, whereas the ulna was aborted long bone. The humerus was a long, less twisted and strong bone with two extremities and four surfaces. The radius was fused to the ulna in the entire length, except for two interosseous spaces, namely, proximal interosseous spaces and distal interosseous spaces. The present study revealed that all the obtained parameters of arm and forearm bones (humerus, radius, ulna) showed a significant statistical difference (p less than 0.05*) between the males and females of adult blue bull. It can be concluded that the bones of the arm and forearm of the adult blue bull resembled that of small and large ruminants; however, they differed from other domestic and wild animals.
Influence of Irrigation Scheduling and Nutrient Application on Water Use, Productivity and Profitability of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Balasubramanian P. , Babu R. , Chinnamuthu C.R. , Kumutha K. , Mahendran P.P.
Published: February 2021

Background: Irrigation and proper nutrient management that determines the productivity of the groundnut especially during the critical stages of the crop growth. Methods: The experiments laid out in split plot design comprising of three levels of irrigation scheduling [0.8 IW/CPE ratio (I1), 0.6 IW/CPE ratio (I2) and 0.4 IW/CPE ratio (I3)] in main plots and four nutrient management practices viz., N1- 75% of RDF with 5 t of charred rice husk, N2 - 50% of RDF with 5 t of charred rice husk, N3 - 75% of RDF with 5 t of charred rice husk along with seed treatment of Abuscular mycorrhiza and N4 - 50% of RDF with 5 t of charred rice husk along with seed treatment Arbuscular mycorrhiza in sub plots and replicated thrice. Result: Highest pod yield (2003, 2099 and 2063 kg ha-1 during summer, kharif and rabi 2017, respectively) of groundnut was registered with irrigation scheduling at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio along with 75% of RDF and 5 t of charred rice husk as basal with seed treatment of Arbuscular mycorrhiza. The maximum water use efficiency was also recorded under of the same treatment (4.16, 7.07 and 4.86 kg ha-1 mm-1 during the various seasons respectively). The highest B:C ratio of 2.2, 2.4 and 2.2 was recorded during summer, kharif and rabi 2017, respectively were also registered with same combination irrigation and nutrient management.
Impact of Rhizosphere on Competitive Effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) on Associated Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajana (L.) Millsp.] in a Agroforestry System
Authors: . Honnayya , Chittapur B.M. , . Doddabasawa
Published: February 2021

Background: Sustained agriculture has close intimacy with trees. However, the conventional agriculture had broken this intimacy especially by keeping trees away from the farm land for short term economic considerations. Tree may influence the associated crop either positively or negatively depending on its age, species, density, environment and management practices. Hence, understanding nature and extent of competitive effect is utmost important in adopting management practices to improve overall productivity. Methods: An investigation was carried out to assess yield variation if any in pigeonpea and the primary ecological factors responsible for the same when it was grown in association with neem (25 years old) on field bunds in a traditional agroforestry system during 2018-19 in semi-arid tropics of Karnataka, India at three distances mainly 2-7.4, 7.4-12.8 and 12.8-18.2 m on E and W of N-S and N and S of E-W tree lines. Result: Averaged over directions significantly lower pigeonpea yield (3.76 q ha-1) was recorded near the tree line at 2-7.4m distance, while it increased with increase in the distance from tree line and was the highest (7.61q ha-1) at far away distance (12.8-18.2 m) at which yield was on par with control (without any trees), though soil near the tree line (2-7.4m) recorded significantly higher soil organic carbon and microbial population (fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes) indicating better soil health and moisture.This leads to the conclusion that it is not merely the rhizosphere characteristics or neem root interference but the above ground factors particularly light availability to pigeonpea as influenced by neem canopy is important in the agroforesty system.
Anticuerpos monoclonales y el tratamiento del lupus eritematoso sistémico
Authors: Chavarría-Tapia Alex , Fernández-Corella Ariana , Marenco-Acosta Henry , Shen-Zhou Yorleny , Ugalde-Zumbado Malcolm , Mora-Román Juan José
Published: February 2021

El lupus eritematoso sistémico es una enfermedad autoinmune crónica, que implica la producción de ciertos anticuerpos en todo el cuerpo y la consecuente inflamación de tejidos conjuntivos, así como afecciones cutáneas, hematológicas y cardiovasculares, entre otras. Se ha postulado su procedencia genética, ambiental o inmunológica, incluso de factores hormonales, pero en realidad su etiología es desconocida. El tratamiento convencional se basa en la severidad de sus manifestaciones clínicas. La primera línea de tratamiento es la administración de fármacos antipalúdicos, inmunosupresores, glucocorticoides y metotrexato. Por muchos años, estos han sido de ayuda para los pacientes que sufren esta enfermedad. Lamentablemente, son muy poco selectivos, por lo que causan graves efectos adversos. Ante esta situación, se ha probado el uso de terapias biológicas, las cuales presentan la ventaja de ser más específicas. Una de estas son los anticuerpos monoclonales, como el belimumab, que han disminuido los riesgos de brotes y han mejorado la actividad serológica de los pacientes. Como en el caso del lupus eritematoso sistémico, cada día se está ampliando la investigación enfocada en terapia biológica para el tratamiento de distintas enfermedades autoinmunes.
Understanding Racism as a Historical Trauma that Remains Today: Implications for the Nursing Profession
Authors: Waite Roberta , Nardi Deena
Published: February 2021

In order to promote health equity and support the human rights mandate contained in the American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements, the nursing profession must understand historically the creation of race, white supremacy in the United States, and entrenched racial terror and brutality toward black and brown racialized populations. Considering the limited racial diversity in the nursing profession despite its stated mission to increase diversity, the profession must build a path to understanding antiblack racism as a historical trauma that remains to this day, a path that encompasses antiracist ideology. Antiracism education is critically needed at the pre-professional and professional levels, for nursing students, providers, educators, administrators, and researchers to inform our own understanding of bias within the contexts of our educational and health-care systems. Dismantling racism requires an enduring commitment to the ultimate goal of social justice for ourselves, our patients, and our communities. This article presents antiracism actions that nurses should employ to dismantle racism, focusing primarily on personal-level initiatives, with self-work as the starting point.
Revolutionizing the Nursing Curriculum
Authors: Carter Brigit Maria , Phillips Beth Cusatis
Published: February 2021

There have long been challenges associated with integrating knowledge about diversity, disparities, and determinants into nursing curricula. Villarruel, Bigelow, and Alvarez describe these concepts as the three Ds about issues of disconnects and discrimination. These disconnects are evidenced by years of communicating the desire to reduce or eliminate disparities, without improvement in the education of future nurse professionals to prepare them to help achieve this goal. Over 10 years ago, Allen reviewed the literature on evidence to guide teaching on cross-cultural care and antiracism in nursing education, yet very little has changed. It is essential that academic nursing weaves health equity concepts throughout all programs, and establishes and maintains competency in and commitment to addressing health disparities, inequalities, and inequities. This article provides evidence of continued bias and racism, and suggestions for curricular change and student and educator training, in order to rebuild and solidify a nursing curriculum that is nonbiased and inclusive. The suggestions include a deeper look at the structures of the organization and the systemic culture, to ensure that racism is being combated as well.
Moving from Allyship to Antiracism
Authors: Smith Rebecca
Published: February 2021

Allyship is a term used to describe white people who support, defend, and protect people of color and Indigenous people. This article moves past the notion of “ally” as an identity and “allyship” as a course of action into “antiracism” as a lifelong journey. Addressing her fellow white people—and particularly white Americans—the author handles this subject in three parts: (1) admitting that we live in a world that centers whiteness constantly, (2) using reflection to neutralize our defensiveness and understand our own motives, and (3) understanding our responsibility to stay present even when our trauma has been triggered. The article culminates in a reflection on what it could mean to increase our emotional maturity—that is, to “grow up and grow out” of racist ways of thinking, being, and doing.
Sharing Our Stories and Holding Our past to Task
Authors: Sinkfield-Morey Tammy , Potter Teddie
Published: February 2021

The structures that maintain systemic racism frequently keep us from seeing and valuing the full humanity of all those around us, especially when they are of a different race. This article describes a process to create safe dialogues between people of different races to inform our understanding of systemic racism so that we can work together to end its reign.
The performance of gold-mouth turban Turbo chrysostomus larvae in different temperature and salinity media
Authors: Hamzah Aris Sando , Nirmala Kukuh , Supriyono Eddy , Effendi Irzal
Published: February 2021

Suhu dan salinitas merupakan parameter kualitas air yang berperan penting terhadap proses fisiologis siput mata bulan (T. chrysostomus) sehingga berdampak terhadap perkembangan, pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup larva. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh suhu dan salinitas terhadap perkembangan, pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup larva siput mata bulan (T. chrysostomus). Stadia pre-torsion veliger dicapai sekitar 11 jam 36 menit setelah fertilisasi atau sekitar 3 jam setelah trocophor. Stadia post-torsion veliger awal ditandai dengan cangkang yang telah terbentuk sempurna dan pada post-torsion veliger akhir, larva sudah mengembangkan operkulum, kaki, dan propodium. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa perlakuan A1B3 memberikan waktu pencapaian stadia post-torsion veliger awal dan post-torsion veliger akhir tercepat yaitu masing-masing 19 jam 36 menit dan 22 jam 36 menit setelah pembuahan. Sedangkan perlakuan A1B1 memberikan waktu pencapaian stadia post-torsion veliger awal dan post-torsion veliger akhir terlama yaitu masing-masing 20 jam 30 menit dan 23 jam 25 menit setelah pembuahan. Suhu tidak berpengaruh nyata sedangkan salinitas berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan harian larva siput mata bulan. Laju pertumbuhan harian tertinggi pada suhu 27±0.5oC (A1) tercatat pada perlakuan B3 dan menunjukan nilai yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan B2. Suhu dan salinitas memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan namun interaksi keduanya tidak menunjukan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup larva siput mata bulan. Perlakuan A1B3 memberikan persentase tingkat kelangsungan hidup tertinggi dan tidak menunjukan nilai yang berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan A1B2. Parameter kualitas air yang diperoleh masih mendukung performa larva siput mata bulan hingga mencapai stadia juvenil.
Educación inclusiva: tendencias y perspectivas
Authors: Quintero Ayala Lyda Esperanza
Published: February 2021

La educación inclusiva es concebida como un proceso que plantea reconocer y responder a la diversidad de necesidades que presentan los estudiantes para que su aprendizaje sea efectivo, minimizando la exclusión dentro y fuera de las Instituciones Educativas. Este artículo de revisión es producto del estado del arte del proyecto “Prácticas inclusivas: una mirada desde la diversidad”, que pretende reconocer las prácticas y los discursos de los docentes de la Institución Educativa de Boyacá en torno a la educación inclusiva. Las investigaciones se clasificaron mediante organización temática de análisis, obteniendo seis apartados que dan cuenta de las perspectivas que se movilizan sobre el objeto de estudio. En cada tendencia, se encontraron hallazgos significativos dirigidos a transformar las prácticas de los docentes. Las categorías establecidas fueron: educación inclusiva a partir del marco legal, actitudes y percepciones de los docentes, redes de apoyo y aprendizaje cooperativo, promoción y buenas prácticas pedagógicas inclusivas, cuestiones sobre la inclusión a propósito de las subjetividades – lenguajes, y propuesta curricular en la formación del docente en educación inclusiva.
DIAGNÓSTICO DA MATURIDADE DA LOGÍSTICA INTERNA DE CANTEIRO DE OBRAS
Authors: Garcez Gilberto Gomes , Simão Luiz Eduardo
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma ferramenta de diagnóstico do grau de maturidade da logística de abastecimento interno em canteiro de obras (LAICO), baseado nos princípios da construção enxuta. As atividades da construção civil relacionadas à LAICO resultam nas dimensões de valores e de perdas. Neste estudo de casos múltiplos, identificou-se a situação das práticas da LAICO em oito empresas na construção vertical no Vale do Itajaí, em Santa Catarina. Como resultados, a ferramenta identificou o grau de maturidade da LAICO, pela aplicação das práticas enxutas. A contribuição teórica subsidia os gestores com práticas enxutas, na busca das melhorias contínuas na LAICO.
Host defense peptides clavanins A and MO reduce in vitro osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Amorim Ingrid Aquino , Lima Stella Maris de Freitas , Cantuária Ana Paula de Castro , Freire Mirna de Souza , Almeida Jeeser Alves de , Franco Octávio Luiz , Rezende Taia Maria Berto
Published: February 2021

Aim: Several systemic diseases, such as periodontitis and apical periodontitis, can cause extensive bone resorption. Host defense peptides may have the potential for the development of novel therapies for the bone resorption process. This study evaluated the potential of host defense peptides clavanins A, MO, and LL-37 in in vitro osteoclastogenesis. Methods: RAW 264.7 cultures were stimulated with recombinant of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand in the presence of different tested concentrations of host defense peptides, besides calcium hydroxide and doxycycline. Cellular viability, nitric oxide production, and a number of differentiated osteoclast-like cells were also evaluated. Results: Results showed that none of the substances were cytotoxic, except for 128 μg.mL-1 of doxycycline after 3 days. Host defense peptides, calcium hydroxide, and doxycycline did not interfere in nitric oxide production or downregulated it. An exception was observed in the presence of 2 μg.mL-1 of doxycycline, in which nitric oxide production was up-regulated. All host defense peptides were capable of reducing osteoclast-like cell differentiation. Conclusion: Host defense peptides clavanins A and MO demonstrated to be potential suppressors of osteoclastogenesis in vitro without interfering in cellular viability and nitric oxide production. These promising results need to be further analyzed in in vivo models of bone resorption.
Clinical and behavioral conditions in oral health of volleyball and soccer athletes
Authors: Souza Jullian Josnei de , Leite Juliana Squizatto , Bahls Ricardo , Stanislawczuk Grande Rodrigo , Santos Fabio André
Published: February 2021

Aim: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the oral hygiene habits, oral health conditions, and the perception about the influence of oral health conditions on the physical performance of youth and professional volleyball and soccer athletes. Methods: A total of 96 male athletes participated: 48 volleyball players (25 youth and 23 professional players); and 48 soccer players, of whom 22 were youth, and 26 were professional players. We analyzed the oral hygiene and oral health condition (daily toothbrush, flossing, mouthwash, dental plaque, orthodontic treatment, dental/facial trauma, temporomandibular dysfunction, malocclusion, and the athletes’ perception about the influence of oral health conditions on the physical performance (yes or no)). Comparisons were made between the youth and professional athletes for each sport (volleyball and soccer). According to each variable, we applied the Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact, and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: For soccer athletes, we found significant differences between youth and professionals for: flossing (p=0.014), orthodontic treatment (p=0.028), dental/facial trauma (p=0.041), and the athletes’ perception about oral health and physical performance (p<0.001). Considering the category (youth and professional) regardless of the type of sport, we found significant differences for dental plaque (p=0.024) and dental/facial trauma (p=0.005). According to the sport (volleyball and soccer), independent of the category, we found significant differences for daily brushing, dental/facial trauma (p=0.005), and the athletes’ perception about oral health and physical performance (p=0.006). Conclusion: We concluded that the surveyed athletes had good oral health and believed that oral health can influence sports performance.
Processo formativo em matemática e robótica
Authors: Azevedo Greiton Toledo de , Maltempi Marcus Vinicius
Published: February 2021

Buscamos analisar e refletir as etapas formativas em matemática a partir da produção de jogos e dispositivos robóticos destinados ao tratamento de sintomas da doença de Parkinson. Orientados pela pesquisa qualitativa, os dados da investigação foram produzidos junto ao Projeto XXX, com alunos do Ensino Médio do Instituto Federal XXX e pacientes do Hospital XXX, em XXX, e foram analisados à luz dos pressupostos teóricos do Construcionismo, Pensamento Computacional e da Aprendizagem Criativa. Trazemos as descrições-analíticas da produção dos jogos digitais e dos dispositivos robóticos, tendo como parâmetro as quatro etapas formativas em matemática: Tempestades de ideias; Protagonismo Científico; Mão na Massa; e Intervenção no Hospital. Os resultados obtidos apontam à formação matemática contextual e socialmente engajada no mundo de hoje, corroborando o desenvolvimento criativo, intelectual e científico-tecnológico do estudante.
Articulações entre práticas de educação ambiental, robótica e cultura maker no contexto das aulas de laboratório de ciências
Authors: Machado Aline Alvares , Zago Márcia Regina Rodrigues da Silva
Published: February 2021

O artigo descreve uma prática interdisciplinar desenvolvida em uma escola municipal de Ensino Fundamental 2 em Curitiba, que consistiu na articulação entre os saberes científicos desenvolvidos no componente curricular de Ciências e os saberes populares relacionados a hortas urbanas, costurados pela Robótica e pelo viés maker, realizando o reaproveitamento de materiais em uma abordagem STEAM. A metodologia é de natureza qualitativa, exploratória, com observação e pesquisa participante. Os resultados revelaram estudantes estimulados a refletir sobre as práticas alimentares, os cuidados com o ambiente, o consumo consciente e o reaproveitamento de materiais. Concluiu-se que as práticas interdisciplinares conduzidas de maneira lúdica e mão na massa, envolvendo tecnologias como a Robótica, contribuem positivamente para uma postura mais crítica e ativa dos estudantes.
Diagnosis and Outcome of Tuberculosis of Knee Joint (Gonitis Tuberculosis) with Pulmonary Tuberculosis after Completing Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Charisma Anita Nur , Koesoemoprodjo Winariani
Published: February 2021

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in extra-pulmonary organs, such as bone and joint TB, has an incidence rate of 19% of the cases and represents 11-15% of all extra-pulmonary TB. The predilection of bones and joints is the most common predilection with more than 10% of the cases. Gonitis TB is a monoarthritis, chronic progressive, and intermittent disease. Hematogenous spreads through synovial or subchondral or as a focus in the juxta-articular bone. The spread can also occur indirectly from osseous lesions of the epiphyseal bone in adults or metaphysis in children, which causes erosion in the joint space and becomes arthritis.Case: A 19-year-old female with a chief complaint of swelling in the right knee joint accompanied by pain and difficulty in the legs to move and straighten the body. Another complaint was cough with whitish sputum, fever and night sweating, decreased appetite, and loss of body weight. Radiological chest X-ray showed fibro-infiltrates in both hemithoraces and radiological of the right genu, impression like joint effusion and mass density opacity in the popliteal, and suspicious abscess in the soft tissue. GeneXpert MTB/RIF examination of genu tissue and sputum: medium  Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.Tb) was detected, rifampicin sensitive. Histopathology from the open biopsy showed the tissue consisted of epitheloid-shaped histiocyte cells forming granulomas. Ziehl Neelsen staining of the tissue obtained acid-fast bacillus (AFB).Conclussion: Gonitis TB is a hematogenous spread of M.Tb from infection with a deep primary focus on the joint that is chronic progressive and generally affects one joint. The management can be done by administering anti-tuberculosis and clinical monitoring.
The UK’s Government and Regulatory Policy Responses to Fintech
Authors: Podkolzina I.
Published: February 2021

The financial landscape is being transformed by technological innovations. This trend can be observed clearly in the UK where fintech is developing within the context of the ongoing digitalization of the economy. This paper examines the role of the British government and regulatory authorities in sparking innovation to improve the way financial services are provided. At the conceptual level, fintech-specific policy presumes the existence of complex trade-offs between competition, market integrity, and financial stability. The special consideration is given to Open Banking initiative as a key driver of competition in financial services sector. By removing barriers to entry and grow for fintech firms the policy enablers try to solve the longstanding problems of financial exclusion. Particular attention is paid to key approaches to fintech regulation. The Financial Conduct Authority undertakes the constant review of regulatory perimeter as a means of mitigating risks to market integrity and ensuring consumer protection. The Bank of England is rethinking the notion of financial stability and reviewing the approaches to managing systemic risks. The paper regards the initiatives implemented by regulatory authorities to support innovator businesses as a way to ensure the world leading position of the UK’s financial sector. It is argued that the supportive government policy and progressive regulation are the overriding factors of fintech development in the UK.
Bioprospecting Fluorescent Plant Growth Regulators from Arabidopsis to Vegetable Crops
Authors: Sumalan Radu L. , Halip Liliana , Maffei Massimo E. , Croitor Lilia , Siminel Anatolii V. , Radulov Izidora , Sumalan Renata M. , Crisan Manuela E.
Published: February 2021

The phytohormone auxin is involved in almost every process of a plant’s life, from germination to plant development. Nowadays, auxin research connects synthetic chemistry, plant biology, and computational chemistry in order to develop innovative and safe compounds to be used in sustainable agricultural practice. In this framework, we developed new environmentally-friendly fluorescent compounds, ethanolammonium p-aminobenzoate (HEA-pABA) and p-nitrobenzoate (HEA-pNBA), and investigated their auxin-like behavior on two main commercial vegetables cultivated in Europe, cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), in comparison to the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Moreover, the binding modes and affinities of two organic salts in relation to the natural auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) into TIR1 auxin receptor were investigated by computational approaches (homology modeling and molecular docking). Both experimental and theoretical results highlight HEA-pABA as a fluorescent compound with auxin-like activity both in Arabidopsis and the commercial cucumber and tomato. Therefore, alkanolammonium benzoates have a great potential as promising sustainable plant growth stimulators to be efficiently used in vegetable crops.
PRODUKSI ENZIM SELULASE TERMOSTABIL DARI BAKTERI NG2 MENGGUNAKAN BERBAGAI SUMBER SELULOSA ASAL LIMBAH PERTANIAN DAN PERKEBUNAN (Production of Thermostable Cellulase Enzyme by NG2 Bacteria Using Various Cellulose Sources from the Agriculture Waste)
Authors: Ramadhan Rahmad Fani , Montesqrit M. , Marlida Yetti
Published: February 2021

This experiment aimed to determine the best cellulose sources from the agricultural by product on the production of the thermostable cellulase enzymes by thermophilic bacteria (NG2) and also to find out the best concentration level of the selected sources of cellulose. The experiment was conducted in two stages using a completely randomized design (CRD). In phase 1, four cellulose sources were used, namely A: corn cobs, B: rice straw, C: coconut fiber, and D: oil palm trunk, in which the replication for each source was five. In phase 2,  the best sources of cellulose from the phase 1 was used at four different levels of concentration, i.e., A: 2%, B: 3%, C: 4%, and D: 5%, in which replication for each concentration was five. The result of phase 1 showed that the corn cobs was the best cellulose source  in producing cellulase enzyme. This was indicated by the activity of 0.329 U/ml, the enzyme protein of 0.0328 mg/ml, and the specific activity of 10.165 U/mg, which were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of other cellulose sources. The results of phase 2 showed that the concentration of 4% (w/v) had the highest (P<0.01) specific activity of 44.002 U/mg  compared with those of the other concentrations. In conclusion, the highest production of cellulase enzyme using thermophilic bacteria (NG2) was obtained at the concentration of 4% (w/v) using the corn cobs as the cellulose source.
A Quantitative Three-dimensional Analysis of Arm Kinematics in Violin Performance
Authors: Shan Gongbing , Visentin Peter
Published: February 2021

Overuse syndrome (OS) resulting from repetitive motion affects a significant percentage of performing musicians. Particularly susceptible to OS, violinists use different kinds of muscle control patterns in the right and left limbs and must assume a complex asymmetrical posture to hold
and play the instrument. There is a clear need for developing efficient and effective strategies to prevent OS in violinists, keeping biological loads under physiological limits and focusing on physical economy during training. The first step in developing such strategies requires quantitative
kinematic description of the motions involved in violin performance. This study supplies such information for the arms and violin bow. The motions of eight professional violinists and three advanced university music students were captured using a nine-camera VICON V8i motion capture system.
Each performed a fundamental control skill employing all four strings of the violin. The data were analyzed using quantitative model comparison and statistical analysis. The results of this study show parameters such as elbow height normalized by body height and shoulder and elbow joint motion
to have highly consistent patterns between the subjects. Wrist control patterns varied widely. Playing on different strings influences right arm patterns significantly, but not left. This is the first study providing quantitative 3-D kinematic data on shoulders, elbows, wrists, and bow. It
provides a foundation for further exploration of the kinematic characteristics of violin performance, for the examination of the potential causes of OS, and for an evaluation of practices that might minimize injuries.
A Young Dancer Survey
Authors: Kish Robin L , Plastino Janice Gudde , Martyn-Stevens Bethany
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine, through self-reporting techniques, the training and injury rates among students studying dance in the private sector. The private studio provides the major venue for students to study dance. This is especially true for young students (ages
8–18) who study ballet, jazz, and tap and who participate in dance competitions. A private dance studio is defined as a studio open to the community with no audition requirements for entry that teaches various technique styles. Private studio dancers are not training specifically to
be professional dancers in major ballet companies. Few data exist regarding the training or injury rates of these students in part because of difficulties with access and compliance. To date, 3,700 surveys have been distributed (January 2001-present) to students training in private studios
throughout California. Information was requested concerning current and past injuries, dance training history, and competition schedules. This ongoing investigation currently has examined 173 (male = 6 and female = 167) completed surveys. The mean age of dancers who responded to the survey
was 15.2 years. Of the dancers surveyed, 93% study at private dance studios, and 67% have studied in high school dance programs. The number of injuries reported (n = 226) included fractures, strains, sprains, and tendinitis. The ankle, knee, and back were found to be the most frequent injury
sites. Correlations between the number of different techniques studied and the total hours danced, the number of different techniques studied and number of injuries for each individual, and the number of injuries for each individual and total hours danced all were significant at 0.01. Initial
results support that dancers in the private dance studio are susceptible to injuries similar to those experienced by dancers in elite training centers.
Designing Research-Based Interventions for the Prevention of Injury in Dance
Authors: Noh Young-Eun , Morris Tony
Published: February 2021

Injury is a major problem for dancers. There is now substantial evidence that psychological interventions can reduce injury in dance and in sport. When planning intervention programs designed to help reduce injuries to dancers, researchers or practitioners should identify the major
psychosocial factors that are associated with injury risk, perceived by performers, preferably using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research or assessment methods. This article illustrates this approach to the design of interventions with an example from our research with Korean
ballet dancers. We used quantitative methods and conducted a prospective study of psychosocial factors and injury, based on the stress-injury model in sport. We also carried out qualitative research, in which we interviewed 20 professional ballet dancers and asked about stressful situations
they experienced and coping strategies they used during practice and performance. More efficient and effective interventions are likely to emerge, if interventions are designed on the basis of research or assessment of dancers, who are the target of the research or practice.
Performance-Related Injuries Among Student Musicians at a Specialty Clinic
Authors: Burkholder Kristen R , Brandfonbrener Alice G
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative frequency of performance-related injuries in patients age 18 and younger who presented to a specialized performing arts clinic. A total of 314 student musicians age 18 and younger were seen at the specialty clinic between its inception
in 1985 and November 2002. Retrospective chart review and analysis of the resulting data were conducted. Information collected included presenting complaint, problem location, and diagnosis. Data were analyzed with respect to gender, instrument played, and ligamentous laxity. The upper extremity
was the most common injury location. The lateralization and anatomic location of the injuries were influenced by the instrument played. The most frequent problems were musculoskeletal pain syndrome and excessive muscle tension. Lack of physical conditioning and poor instrumental technique
also were commonly noted. Ligamentous laxity of the wrist and fingers was found in a proportion higher than in that of the general population and was related to the number and the type of physical diagnoses made. Laxity was more common in girls. Other diagnoses that were more frequent among
female musicians included lack of conditioning, intrinsic hand muscle weakness, and scoliosis. In boys, carpal tunnel syndrome and tendinitis were more common. The findings suggest that young age is not a protective factor against playing-related injuries. Physicians caring for musicians in
this age group should have an awareness of the problems and risk factors related to playing musical instruments.
Actividades acuáticas educativas escolares
Authors: Albarracín Pérez Apolonia
Published: February 2021

El estudio de las actividades acuáticas ha tenido en las últimas décadas un gran auge, saliendo desde entonces del encasillamiento de la natación de competición, y dirigiéndose hacia una diversificación mucho más amplia y enriquecedora. Moreno & Gutiérrez (1998) resaltaban en su clasificación varios ámbitos de trabajo en el medio acuático, siendo el educativo uno de ellos. Dado que éste último puede desarrollarse en varios escenarios, en este caso hemos destacado el escolar, debido a su importancia en la formación motriz del ser humano. Además, según el currículo de educación física, es la forma de englobar todas las posibilidades motrices dentro del agua, comenzando por el juego, pasando por el desarrollo de habilidades básicas acuáticas, el acondicionamiento físico, y acabando con el ámbito de salud y seguridad en el medio...
Adaptación de los contenidos de la educación física a las actividades acuáticas en el ámbito escolar
Authors: De Paula Borges Luciane
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes: El medio acuático puede ser un espacio de acción en el que se puede desarrollar la labor educativa y en el que proyectar buena parte de los objetivos propuestos para cada nivel educativo. El currículo actual en el contexto español (LOMCE, 2014) es abierto y flexible, pero se observan pocas adopciones de este al medio acuático.
Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio ha consistido en desarrollar una propuesta de contenidos para las actividades acuáticas adaptadas al currículo de la educación física (LOMCE, 2014) para Educación Primaria en el contexto español.
Método: Según la LOMCE (2014) se ha adaptado al contexto de las actividades acuáticas en currículo de educación física en Educación Primaria.
Resultados: Se han estructurado los contenidos divididos en los tres saberes en los diferentes bloques de contenidos.
Conclusiones: La información ofrecida en este estudio puede ser de interés para los profesionales del área de las actividades acuáticas y de la educación que quieran llevar a cabo el desarrollo de las actividades acuáticas a nivel curricular en Educación Primaria.
Palabras clave: natación, currículo, escuela, deporte, educación, LOMCE.
Perfil de los trabajadores de actividades acuáticas en instalaciones de uso público
Authors: Guinea Cascales Olga , Cano Noguera Francisco
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes:Las actividades acuáticas han ido adquiriendo cada vez más importancia con el paso del tiempo, lo que ha conllevado que también aumente el número de profesionales del sector. Debido a este aumento, se ha creado una disparidad de formación tanto en socorristas como en monitores acuáticos.
Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la variedad formativa que poseen los socorristas y monitores acuáticos, de las piscinas cubiertas de uso público, para desempeñar su función; y la disparidad que se observa en los criterios formativos que conforman cada una de estas formaciones.
Método: Se utilizó una muestra de 106 sujetos, todos ellos empleados de 15 piscinas diferentes. El proceso de selección de la muestra fue aleatorio entre varias piscinas de la Región de Murcia pertenecientes a los municipios de Murcia, Molina de Segura, Alcantarilla y San Javier. El método empleado para la recolección de datos fue un cuestionario “ad hoc”. En él, tanto socorristas, como monitores, reflejaban la formación que poseían para poder llevar a cabo su labor.
Resultados: Se muestra la variedad, cantidad y distribución de formaciones que poseen los socorristas y monitores de las piscinas.
Conclusiones: Existe una gran variedad de formaciones que poseen los socorristas y monitores acuáticos para desempeñar su función en las piscinas de la Región de Murcia, y entre las distintas formaciones que poseen, hay desigualdad entre los criterios formativos que integran cada una de ellas.
Palabras clave: formación, cualificación, socorrista, monitor, piscina, seguridad.
Oferta de servicios y programas de natación y actividades acuáticas para población infantil mexicana
Authors: Alvarez Fariña Rafael
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes: Existe consenso en que la práctica y la enseñanza de la natación en México a nivel infantil se basa en un enfoque técnico y deportivo, sin embargo, no existe un análisis el de la oferta y de los programas existentes.
Objetivos: Evaluar la oferta, la demanda a un programa mixto técnico-educativo y el perfil académico docente que lo imparte, de empresas dedicadas a la natación y actividades acuáticas en población prescolar y escolar.
Método: Se utilizaron palabras claves para discriminar la oferta en: servicio o programática y dentro de esta última técnica o educativa, número de inscriptos por niveles en programa mixto técnico-educativo y proporción de docentes formados.
Resultados: Se prioriza de forma similar los servicios (48%) en relación a la oferta de programas (52%). Dentro de la oferta programática existe una mayor tendencia hacia la oferta de programas de enseñanza técnica con relación a programas técnico-educativos. Con respecto al análisis del programa técnico-educativo, el 72% de los niños participan en niveles con metodología lúdica y el restante 28% lo hacen en niveles con progresiones técnicas. En relación al nivel académico de los docentes; solo el 19% de ellos, tienen nivel universitario.
Conclusiones: En conclusión, casi el 50% de la oferta no da importancia a los programas. Así mismo, la enseñanza de la natación y las actividades acuáticas presenta una tendencia tecnicista en contraposición a la educativa, presenta una profunda ausencia de saberes pedagógicos, transformando el aprendizaje de la natación en un aprendizaje de tipo técnico y utilitario.
Palabras clave: Oferta, programas, natación, actividades acuáticas, metodología, formación docente.
The Role of the Gut Microbiota on the Metabolic Status of Obese Children
Authors: Yuan Xin , Chen Ruimin , McCormick Kenneth L. , Zhang Ying , Lin Xiangquan , Yang Xiaohong
Published: February 2021

Background The term “metabolically healthy obese (MHO)” denotes a hale and salutary status, yet this connotation has not been validated in children, and may, in fact, be a misnomer. As pertains to obesity, the gut microbiota has garnered attention as conceivably a nosogenic or, on the other hand, protective participator.Objective This study explored the characteristics of the fecal microbiota of obese Chinese children and adolescents of disparate metabolic statuses, and the associations between their gut microbiota and circulating proinflammatory factors, such as IL-6, TNF-α, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and a cytokine up-regulator and mediator, leptin. Results Based on weight and metabolic status, the 86 Chinese children (ages 5-15 years) were divided into three groups: metabolically healthy obese (MHO, n=42), metabolic unhealthy obese (MUO, n=23), and healthy normal weight controls (Con, n=21). In the MUO subjects, the phylum Tenericutes, as well as the alpha and beta diversity, were significantly reduced compared with the controls. Furthermore, Phylum Synergistetes and genus Bacteroides were more prevalent in the MHO population compared with controls. For the MHO group, Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that serum IL-6 positively correlated with genus Paraprevotella, LBP was positively correlated with genus Roseburia and Faecalibacterium, and negatively correlated with genus Lactobacillus, and leptin correlated positively with genus Phascolarctobacterium and negatively with genus Dialister (all p<0.05).Conclusion Although there are distinct differences in the characteristic gut microbiota of the MUO population versus MHO, dysbiosis of gut microsystem is already extant in the MHO cohort. The abundance of some metabolism-related bacteria associates with the degree of circulating inflammatory compounds, suggesting that dysbiosis of gut microbiota, present in the MHO children, conceivably serves as a compensatory or remedial response to a surfeit of nutrients.
Identification of an anti-plant-virus molecule in Alpinia zerumbet
Authors: Hatanaka Tadashi , Narusaka Mari , Uraji Misugi , Yamaji Yasuyuki , Narusaka Yoshihiro
Published: February 2021

In plants, viral diseases are second only to fungal diseases in terms of occurrence, and cause substantial damage to agricultural crops. The aqueous extracts of shell ginger, Alpinia zerumbet exhibit inhibitory effects against virus infections in belonging to the Solanaceae family. In this study, we isolated an anti-plant-virus molecule from the extracts using a conventional method involving a combination of reversed phase column chromatography, dialysis, and lyophilization. The anti-plant-virus molecule was identified as proanthocyanidin, which mostly consisted of epicatechin and exhibited more than 40 degrees of polymerization.
Behavior of Children During Dental Care With Rubber Dam or Cotton Roll Isolation, A Randomized Study
Authors: Vanhee Tania , Tassignon Chloe , Porta Pierre , Bottenberg Peter , Charles Thierry , Abbeele Astrid Vanden
Published: February 2021

Background: The establishment of the dental dam improves dentist working conditions and patient protection. The purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of the child during dental care with or without a dam.Methods: In this interventional randomized study, 51 patients are divided into two groups, one with a rubber dam and the other cotton roll isolation. Their behavior was observed during the treatment of temporary molars. The duration of the treatment, the patient's feeling with a visual analogue scale (VAS), the behavior (B) of the child measured with a hetero-evaluation scale (modified Venham scale) and the cardiac frequency (CF) were measured.Results: The group treated with a rubber dam has a significant decrease in the various stress parameters that have been identified (B, p value = 0,034; CF, p value = 0,015).Subgroups of patients with and without nitrous oxide sedation were compared and similar results were obtained. Data were compared within groups using paired tests and between groups using unpaired tests. Differences between time points were compared to 0 by a one-sample test. Categorical data (Venham scale, VAS) were analyzed using non-parametric tests.Conclusions: Isolation with a rubber dam reduces child’s stress during dental care. Although it is slightly more time-consuming and training is necessary for a quick and effective placement, it allows to perform dental care in the best possible conditions, while reducing dental anxiety in young patients.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered 39217 in ISRCTN Register (London, UK) with ISRCTN15046229. The first registration was made on 07/01/2021.
Nucleosome positioning on episomal human papillomavirus DNA in cultured cells
Authors: Murakami Isao , Iwata Takashi , Morisada Tohru , Tanaka Kyoko , Aoki Daisuke
Published: February 2021

Several human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with the development of cervical carcinoma. HPV DNA synthesis is increased during the differentiation of infected host keratinocytes as they migrate from the basal layer of the epithelium to the spinous layer, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. Nucleosome positioning affects various cellular processes such as DNA replication and repair by permitting the access of transcription factors to promoters to initiate transcription. In this study, nucleosome positioning on virus chromatin was investigated in normal immortalized keratinocytes (NIKS) stably transfected with HPV16 or HPV18 genomes to determine if there is an association with the viral life cycle. Micrococcal nuclease-treated DNA analyzed by Southern blotting using probes against HPV16 and HPV18 and quantified by nucleosome scanning analysis using real-time PCR revealed mononucleosomal-sized fragments of 140–200 base pairs that varied in their location within the viral genome according to whether the cells were undergoing proliferation or differentiation. Notably, changes in the regions around nucleotide 110 in proliferating and differentiating host cells were common to HPV16 and HPV18. Our findings suggest that change in nucleosome position on viral DNA during host cell differentiation is an important regulatory event in the viral life cycle.