bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An IIoT Temporal Data Anomaly Detection Method Combining Transformer and Adversarial Training
Authors: Tian Yuan , Wang Wendong , He Jingyuan
Published: May 2024

The existing Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) temporal data analysis methods often suffer from issues such as information loss, difficulty balancing spatial and temporal features, and being affected by training data noise, which can lead to varying degrees of reduced model accuracy. Therefore, a new anomaly detection method was proposed, which integrated Transformer and adversarial training. Firstly, a bidirectional spatiotemporal feature extraction module was constructed by combining Graph Attention Networks (GAT) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU), which can simultaneously extract spatial and temporal features. Then, by combining multi-scale convolution with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), multi-scale contextual information was captured. Finally, an improved Transformer was used to fuse multi-dimensional features, combined with an adversarial-trained variational autoencoder to calculate the anomalies of the input data. This method outperforms other comparison models by conducting experiments on four publicly available datasets.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Tuberculosis in the Korean Homeless Population Based on Nationwide Tuberculosis Screening
Authors: Han Heesang , Lee Ji-Hee , Chung Sung Jun , Kim Beong Ki , Kang Yedham , Choi Hangseok , Kim Hee-Jin , Lee Seung Heon
Published: May 2024

Background: The government of Korea implemented a strategy of prevention and early diagnosis in high-risk groups to reduce the tuberculosis (TB) burden. This study aims to investigate the TB epidemiology and gap in understanding of TB prevalence among homeless individuals by analyzing active TB chest X-ray (CXR) screening results in Korea.Methods: The Korean National Tuberculosis Association conducted active TB screening with CXR for homeless groups from January 1 to December 31, 2021. Sputum acid-fast bacilli smear and culture were performed for the subjects suggestive of TB on CXR. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the data in comparison with the national health screening results from the general population.Results: Among 17,713 homeless persons, 40 (0.23%), 3,077 (17.37%), and 79 (0.45%) were categorized as suggested TB, inactive TB, and observation required, respectively. Prevalence of suggested TB in the homeless was significantly higher (3–5 fold) than in Univerthe national general health screening based on age category (p<0.005). Twenty-nine cases were confirmed as TB, yielding a prevalence of 164 cases per 100,000 individuals; 19 of these 29 cases showed inactive TB on CXR. Body mass index (p=0.0478) and CXR result (p<0.001) significantly correlated with confirmed TB based on multivariable analysis.Conclusion: Nutrition status and CXR results, especially that of inactive TB, should be considered in active TB screening of the homeless population, where TB prevalence is higher than the general population.
Spatial pattern analysis of the impact of community food environments on foetal macrosomia, preterm births and low birth weight
Authors: Campero Micaela Natalia , Scavuzzo Carlos Matías , Scavuzzo Carlos Marcelo , Román María Dolores
Published: May 2024

Community food environments (CFEs) have a strong impact on child health and nutrition and this impact is currently negative in many areas. In the Republic of Argentina, there is a lack of research evaluating CFEs regionally and comprehensively by tools based on geographic information systems (GIS). This study aimed to characterize the spatial patterns of CFEs, through variables associated with its three dimensions (political, individual and environmental), and their association with the spatial distribution in urban localities in Argentina. CFEs were assessed in 657 localities with ≥5,000 inhabitants. Data on births and CFEs were obtained from nationally available open-source data and through remote sensing. The spatial distribution and presence of clusters were assessed using hotspot analysis, purely spatial analysis (SaTScan), Moran’s Index, semivariograms and spatially restrained multivariate clustering. Clusters of low risk for LBW, macrosomia, and preterm births were observed in the central-east part of the country, while high-risk clusters identified in the North, Centre and South. In the central-eastern region, low-risk clusters were found coinciding with hotspots of public policy coverage, high night-time light, social security coverage and complete secondary education of the household head in areas with low risk for negative outcomes of the birth variables studied, with the opposite with regard to households with unsatisfied basic needs and predominant land use classes in peri-urban areas of crops and herbaceous cover. These results show that the exploration of spatial patterns of CFEs is a necessary preliminary step before developing explanatory models and generating novel findings valuable for decision-making.
Effect of perioperative intravenous ibuprofen versus acetaminophen on postoperative opioid consumption and pain after general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kim Sung Hye , Kang Hyun , Jun In-Jung , Park Hye Won , Yoo Byung Hoon , Lim Yun-Hee , Kim Kye-Min
Published: May 2024

Background: Ibuprofen and acetaminophen are widely used as adjuvant analgesics for postoperative pain. This meta-analysis compared the effects of intravenous (IV) ibuprofen and acetaminophen on postoperative opioid consumption and pain intensity after general anesthesia.Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify relevant studies published up to May 2023. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of perioperative IV ibuprofen and acetaminophen on postoperative opioid consumption and pain after general anesthesia were included in the meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA).Results: Eight studies with 494 participants were included. Compared to IV acetaminophen, IV ibuprofen significantly reduced 24 h opioid consumption, presented as morphine equivalents (mean difference [MD]: –6.01 mg, 95% CI [–8.60, –3.42], P < 0.00001, I2 = 55%), and pain scores (on a scale of 0–10) at 4–6 h (MD: –0.83, 95% CI [–1.29, –0.37], P = 0.0004, I2 = 65%) and 12 h (MD: –0.38, 95% CI [–0.68, –0.08], P = 0.01, I2 = 11%) postoperatively. These results were statistically significant in TSA. Pain scores at 24 h postoperatively and side effects were not significantly different between the two groups in the meta-analysis, and TSA revealed that the sample size was too small to adequately evaluate the effects, requiring further studies for conclusive results.Conclusions: Perioperative IV ibuprofen reduced 24 h opioid consumption and pain severity up to 12 h postoperatively compared to acetaminophen. Additional research is required to assess pain intensity beyond 12 h and side effects.
Frequency of Lyme disease in patients with tick contact and identification of ticks from Bolu province of Turkey
Authors: Arslan Nebil , Gozdas Hasan Tahsin , Yaman Kerem , Karabork Seyda
Published: May 2024

Background & objectives:

Lyme disease is a multisystemic disease caused by the bacteria in the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, which is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes genus. Although there are seroprevalence studies and case reports of Lyme disease from various regions in Turkey, there is no widespread epidemiological research. This study aimed to determine the frequency of Lyme disease in the cases followed-up after tick contact and to examine the isolated ticks to reveal tick population from Bolu province.

Methods:

In this study, cases who applied to the emergency department due to tick contact between April and September 2020 were firstly evaluated in our infectious diseases and clinical microbiology outpatient clinic on the third day of exposure and antibodies against Lyme disease were investigated with the IFA method to exclude the patients who were previously exposed to B. burgdorferi. Thereafter, patients were requested to continue outpatient visits at the 1st and 3rd month control. At these controls, serum samples were taken to study B.burgdorferi antibodies with the ELISA method which were stored at - 20°C until the study day.

Results:

Out of 123 patients who came to first control, 69 patients continued later to at least one of the two controls (either at first or third month). Of these 69 patients, only one (1.4%) was diagnosed with Lyme borreliosis according to clinical and laboratory features. Erythema migrans did not occur in any of the cases. Serum samples were assessed by ELISA method. Asymptomatic infection was detected in 22 cases (30.5%). In addition, we could obtain 46 ticks from our cases and two genera were identified. Forty-two (91.3%) were Ixodes spp., and two (4.3%) were Hyalomma spp.

Interpretation & conclusion:

In this study, which was carried out for the first time in the province of Bolu, it was concluded that the cases presenting with a history of tick contact were most frequently exposed to Ixodes spp ticks, and the probability of developing Lyme borreliosis was low (1,4%) during the three-month follow-up period. Further studies with more number of cases and more extended follow-up period are needed.
Distributivity and base trees for
$P(\kappa)/ {\lt} \kappa$
Authors: Galgon Geoff
Published: May 2024

For
$\kappa $
a regular uncountable cardinal, we show that distributivity and base trees for
$P(\kappa )/{<}\kappa $
of intermediate height in the cardinal interval
$[\omega , \kappa )$
exist in certain models. We also show that base trees of height
$\kappa $
can exist as well as base trees of various heights
$\geq \kappa ^+$
depending on the spectrum of cardinalities of towers in
$P(\kappa )/{<}\kappa $
.
Массивные множества Хелсона
Authors: Ianina Anastasiia Vladimirovna
Published: May 2024

Согласно теореме Вика, на окружности существуют "массивные" множества Хелсона,
в частности, множества Хелсона хаусдорфовой размерности единица. Мы распространяем
этот результат на многомерный случай.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Базисность системы Хаара в весовых пространствах Лебега с переменным показателем
Authors: Magomed-Kasumov Magomedrasul Grozbekovich
Published: May 2024

Получены необходимые и достаточные условия на вес, при которых система Хаара является базисом в весовом пространстве Лебега с переменным показателем.
Библиография: 13 названий.
Interleukin-1β: Friend or foe for gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Khawkhiaw Kullanat , Panaampon Jutatip , Imemkamon Thanit , Saengboonmee Charupong
Published: May 2024

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a malignancy arising in the digestive system and accounts for approximately a third of increasing global cancer-related mortality, especially in the colorectum, esophagus, stomach, and liver. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a leukocytic pyrogen recognized as a tumor progression-related cytokine. IL-1β secretion and maturation in inflammatory responses could be regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, inflammasome formation, and activation of IL-1 converting enzyme. Several studies have documented the pro-tumorigenic effects of IL-1β in tumor microenvironments, promoting proliferation and metastatic potential of cancer cells in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo . The application of IL-1β inhibitors is also promising for targeted therapy development in some cancer types. However, as a leukocytic pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β may also possess anti-tumorigenic effects and be type-specific in different cancers. This editorial discusses the up-to-date roles of IL-1β in GI cancers, including underlying mechanisms and downstream signaling pathways. Understanding and clarifying the roles of IL-1β would significantly benefit future therapeutic targeting and help improve therapeutic outcomes in patients suffering from GI cancer.
Optimizing Fuel Injection Timing for Multiple Injection Using Reinforcement Learning and Functional Mock-up Unit for a Small-bore Diesel Engine
Authors: Vaze Abhijeet , Mehta Pramod S. , Krishnasamy Anand
Published: May 2024

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a computational approach to understanding and automating goal-directed learning and decision-making. The difference from other computational approaches is the emphasis on learning by an agent from direct interaction with its environment to achieve long-term goals [1]. In this work, the RL algorithm was implemented using Python. This then enables the RL algorithm to make decisions to optimize the output from the system and provide real-time adaptation to changes and their retention for future usage. A diesel engine is a complex system where a RL algorithm can address the NOx–soot emissions trade-off by controlling fuel injection quantity and timing. This study used RL to optimize the fuel injection timing to get a better NO–soot trade-off for a common rail diesel engine. The diesel engine utilizes a pilot–main and a pilot–main–post-fuel injection strategy. Change of fuel injection quantity was not attempted in this study as the main objective was to demonstrate the use of RL algorithms while maintaining a constant indicated mean effective pressure. A change in fuel quantity has a larger influence on the indicated mean effective pressure than a change in fuel injection timing. The focus of this work was to present a novel methodology of using the 3D combustion data from analysis software in the form of a functional mock-up unit (FMU) and showcasing the implementation of a RL algorithm in Python language to interact with the FMU to reduce the NO and soot emissions by suggesting changes to the main injection timing in a pilot–main and pilot–main–post-injection strategy. RL algorithms identified the operating injection strategy, i.e., main injection timing for a pilot–main and pilot–main–post-injection strategy, reducing NO emissions from 38% to 56% and soot emissions from 10% to 90% for a range of fuel injection strategies.
Numerical Approach for the Characterization of the Venting Process of Cylindrical Cells under Thermal Runaway Conditions
Authors: Gil Antonio , Micó Carlos , Marco-Gimeno Javier , Castro Espín Mar
Published: May 2024

Increasing awareness of the harmful effects on the environment of traditional Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) drives the industry toward cleaner powertrain technologies such as battery-driven Electric Vehicles (EV). Nonetheless, the high energy density of Li-Ion batteries can cause strong exothermic reactions under certain conditions that can lead to catastrophic results, called Thermal Runaway (TR). Hence, a strong effort is being made to understand this phenomenon and increase battery safety. Specifically, the vented gases and their ignition can cause the propagation of this phenomenon to adjacent batteries in a pack. In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to predict this venting process in an LG18650 cylindrical battery. The shape of the venting cap deformation obtained from experimental results was introduced in the computational model. The ejection of the generated gases was considered to analyze its dispersion in the surrounding volume through a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. Initial work has focused on developing an appropriate methodology to set the proper boundary conditions that faithfully recreate these events, including a total pressure-inlet, pressure-outlet configuration. Once achieved, macroscopic characteristics of the jet, including tip penetration and jet angle, have been extracted and compared against results obtained from the Schlieren technique for the initial venting stage (1st venting). The numerical procedure shows a good agreement with experimental results in the characteristics analyzed, allowing to overcome the limited field-of-view of Schlieren results by providing a complete representation of the spray morphology, resulting in an appropriate methodology for predicting cell venting jets.
Potentialisations of a class of fully-nonlinear symmetry-integrable evolution equations
Authors: Euler Marianna , Euler Norbert
Published: May 2024

We consider here the class of fully-nonlinear symmetry-integrable third-order
evolution equations in 1+1 dimensions that were proposed recently in the
journal Open Communications in Nonlinear Mathematical Physics, vol. 2, 216--228
(2022). In particular, we report all zero-order and higher-order
potentialisations for this class of equations using their integrating factors
(or multipliers) up to order four. Chains of connecting evolution equations are
also obtained by multi-potentialisations.
Arrieros somos:
Authors: González Galeotti Francisco Rodolfo
Published: May 2024

Este trabajo es un análisis de la arriería en el contexto de la Carrera de Guatemala, el circuito de comercio que vinculó a Nueva España y Guatemala en el período de 1680 y 1740, una línea de investigación pendiente en la historiografía americanista. Se identificó el camino real señalando sus características geográficas extrayendo información que devela el trasfondo socioeconómico de la arriería. Las fuentes fueron los relatos de viajeros contemporáneos que transitaron en Oaxaca entre los siglos XVIII y XIX, expedientes judiciales y protocolos notariales de Oaxaca y Guatemala. La investigación demostró como la geografía y el clima, condicionaron a la arriería. Por otra parte, se hizo una aproximación a los cálculos que permiten cuantificar los fletes pagados por las mercancías trasegadas. Se puntualizaron factores sociales como la división social del trabajo en la arriería y el origen geográfico de los arrieros.
Host Communities and Refugees in the East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes
Authors:   Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement
Published: May 2024

This JDC Digest explores the impacts of forced displacement on host communities in the EHAGL region, as well as opportunities to facilitate opportunities for refugees and other forcibly displaced persons through mobility, assistance and inclusion into national services. Our review unveils how refugee presence can spur development and enhance service infrastructure while reshaping local labor dynamics. Central to our findings is the crucial role of refugee self-reliance and mobility in fostering economic and social integration. However, the review also underscores the need for further research, particularly regarding the inclusion of refugees into national systems and the specific challenges facing returnees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). Offering a comprehensive view, this Digest aims to inform balanced policy decisions in the region.
Seni Hadroh Sebagai Komunikasi Budaya Islam (Studi Pada Majelis Assolihin di Talang Kedondong Palembang)
Authors: Adityatama Wira , Hamidah Hamidah , Assoburu Silvia
Published: May 2024

Seni hadrah, sebagai bentuk seni pertunjukan islam, telah menjadi bagian integral dari kehidupan masyarakat muslim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran seni hadrah sebagai komunkasi budaya islam, khususnya dalam konteks Majelis Assolihin di Talang Kedondong, Palembang. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan teori semiotika Charles Sanders Pierce sebagai kerangka analisis, penelitian ini menelusuri sejarah, profil, eksistensi, serta upaya Seni Hadrah dalam menyampaikan pesan-pesan budaya Islam. Metode penelitian melibatkan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa seni hadrah bukan sekedar pertunjukan seni, melainkan juga sebuah bahasa simbolik yang kaya akan makna budaya Islam. Majelis Assolihin berperan sebagai produsen dan penerjemah tanda-tanda seni hadrah, memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga, mengembangkan, dan menyebarkan nilai-nilai keagamaan dalam masyarakat. Eksistensi seni hadrah majelis assolihin tidak hanya mencerminkan warisan seni tradisional, tetapi juga menjadi representasi yang hidup dan relevan dari budaya dan agama islam dalam kehisupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam pemahaman tentang peran seni hadrah dalam memperkuat identitas budaya dan agama islam.
Analisis Koefisien Gesek pada Mainan Perosotan dalam Fisika yang lebih serius di Taman Bermain Anak
Authors: Zakhrofa Azkiya , Nur'Aini Latiifa , Setiaji Bayu
Published: May 2024

Taman bermain atau playground merupakan tempat yang didesain untuk tempat bermain bagi anak-anak. Dalam playground yang menyediakan banyak wahana bermain untuk anak-anak ini ternyata dapat diteliti lebih serius dalam berbagai bidang salah satunya adalah fisika. Salah satu kasusnya yaitu konsep bidang miring dan koefisien gesekan dalam perosotan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui apakah koefisien gesekan pada bidang miring yang ada dalam wahana perosotan dipengaruhi oleh sudut kemiringan perosotan itu sendiri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis eksperimen yang melibatkan perosotan di lima TK yang ada di Yogyakarta sebagai sample untuk diambil sudut kemiringannya. Kemudian, data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis lebih lanjut menggunakan metode Lagrange untuk memeroleh koefisien gesek. Analisis dilakukan hingga diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa melalui metode Lagrange, koefisien gesekan akan lebih besar ketika sudut kemiringan yang digunakan semakin kecil. Perolehan ini berbanding terbalik dengan konsep hukum Newton mengenai kemiringan yang mengatakan bahwa ketika sudut kemiringan semakin besar, maka koefisien gesekan akan semakin besar pula. Perbedaan ini dapat muncul dimungkinkan karena adanya kesalahan peneliti dalam melakukan penurunan dengan metode Lagrange. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan untuk penelitian selanjutnya agar memahami lebih dalam perhitungan menggunakan metode Lagrange.
Peran Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan dalam Sistem Pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 34 Surabaya
Authors: Kirana Din Arsy Anindita , Rosita Rashel Dea Astiavi
Published: May 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pentingnya peran staf pengajar dan staf pendidikan di SMP Negeri 34 Surabaya. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas staf pengajar guna menciptakan ruang belajar yang kreatif dan inovatif. Dalam penelitian ini, kami menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang memahami dari sudut pandang atau perspektif peserta. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran guru yang kompeten dan staf pendidikan bekerja sama untuk mendukung sistem pembelajaran yang baik. Dalam penelitian ini, kami menyimpulkan bahwa peran guru tidak akan digantikan oleh kecerdasan buatan karena guru tidak hanya mengajarkan pengetahuan tetapi juga mengajarkan pendidikan karakter yang mendukung proses pembelajaran.
Bioterritorialidad y biocombustibles: el caso Boliviano
Authors: Quiroga Canaviri Jorge , Condori Bruno
Published: May 2024

El objetivo de la investigación es explorar diferentes alternativas de producción de biocombustibles, amparadas en el concepto de bioterritorialidad y aspectos técnico-agronómicos fundamentales, examinando la biomasa residual generada en el agro y variedades oleíferas para su implementación en Bolivia. La producción de biocombustibles puede impulsar la sustitución de combustibles fósiles, generando beneficios económicos, sociales y ambientales en regiones con alto potencial en el marco de la bioterritorialidad. Metodológicamente se revisa la bibliográfica de conceptos clave enfocados en el uso y gestión sostenible de recursos biológicos, yendo de lo general a lo particular al estudiar la producción de biodiesel al haberse convertido Bolivia en importador nato de diésel, aspecto que merma sus reservas internacionales. Este concepto ligado a la bioeconomía sostenible impulsa buenas prácticas agrícolas respetuosas del ciclo biológico de especies elegidas, fomentando la sostenibilidad y promoviendo el desarrollo local. Se emplean modelos matemáticos y geográficos bioterritoriales para identificar zonas potenciales y establecer la mejor opción oleífera que pueda implementarse en Bolivia. Se ratifican los preceptos de bioeconomía andeamazónica y se concluye que el biodiesel, enmarcado en la bioterritorialidad, al combinar holísticamente conceptos y actividades puede generar beneficios económicos para las comunidades locales y fomentar actividades complementarias como la ganadería. El estudio de caso incide en la no afectación de la seguridad alimentaria ampliando la frontera agrícola con producción extensiva de especies que afecten los ecosistemas, vinculando aspectos técnicos como suelos, condiciones climáticas y tiempo de maduración de variedades que logren su madurez biológica y potencial productivo, para dar sostenibilidad a la política pública sustitutiva. Se recomiendan aspectos inherentes a la viabilidad de la palma aceitera como alternativa técnica y económicamente factible para producir biodiesel.
Melhorias no centro obstétrico de um hospital público: estudo de caso do uso de ferramentas do Lean Healthcare
Authors: Oliveira Willma Bastos Ribeiro , Guimarães Camille Pereira , Gonçalves Maria Clara Sampaio , Araujo Andressa Clara Barbosa de , Pimentel Cristiane Agra
Published: May 2024

O sistema de saúde brasileiro enfrenta desafios na prestação de serviços. Inspirada no Lean Healthcare, a gestão hospitalar busca melhorar a eficiência e qualidade dos serviços prestados, reduzindo desperdícios. A pesquisa foca na análise e melhoria dos processos do Centro Obstétrico (CO) de um hospital em Feira de Santana, utilizando o Lean Healthcare. O estudo objetiva identificar desperdícios que afetam o tempo de permanência das pacientes no CO e propor melhorias. A pesquisa, classificada como descritiva e exploratória, foi conduzida em formato de estudo de caso e aplicou o Mapeamento de Fluxo de Valor (MFV), para identificar desperdícios, classificá-los e sugerir melhorias. Desperdícios no fluxo de pacientes, como espera e movimentação desnecessária, foram identificados, resultando em propostas de mudanças nos processos e na cultura organizacional. Indicadores de desempenho, como o tempo de permanência, foram definidos para monitorar os resultados. Prevê-se que as melhorias propostas, aliadas à capacitação dos profissionais sobre o Lean, reduzam 37% o tempo de permanência no CO, melhorando a eficiência e qualidade do atendimento. O estudo destaca a importância da melhoria contínua dos processos na saúde para garantir um serviço mais eficaz e seguro.
Muslim Communities’ Healthcare Needs and Barriers
Authors: Rizvi Hayaan , Rizvi Abbas
Published: May 2024

Despite being nearly a quarter of the population, Muslim communities’ unique healthcare needs are largely unmet. In this literature review, we highlight the largely unsatisfied and growing healthcare needs of Muslims by examining the unique illnesses that Muslims are commonly susceptible to because of their religious or socioeconomic conditions. We examine their vulnerability to diabetes, vitamin D deficiency, and vaccine-preventable illnesses. We also analyze the numerous healthcare barriers present in developing, Muslim-majority countries and in developed countries in the West. Drawing from published studies, we emphasize the importance of government investment in healthcare and cultural awareness in health workers to address barriers and ensure Muslims’ equitable access to care. We explore the complexities of healthcare access and delivery for Muslims, particularly in contexts where religious practices intersect with medical requirements. We also highlight gaps in current research, urging further investigation into unexplored areas such as broad, global studies and the involvement of religious leaders in Muslim communities.
Mutations of the Steroid 21-Hydroxylase gene among Filipino Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Cutiongco-de la Paz Eva Maria , Abaya Eric Christian , Silao Catherine Lynn T. , Capistrano-Estrada Sylvia , David-Padilla Carmencita
Published: May 2024

...
Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Neonatal Screening Program for Congenital Hypothyroidism in Metro Manila
Authors: Dans Leonila F. , David-Padilla Carmencita
Published: May 2024

...
SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH TEXTILES RECYCLING: YARN REUSE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH IMPACT
Authors: Kodaloğlu Murat
Published: May 2024

For the sake of achieving the goals of economic growth and welfare increase, world resources are consumed recklessly and cause the generation of very high amounts of waste. This imbalance, consisting of production and consumption phases, has caused the ecosystem to be negatively affected. Although the waste recycling sector is an important sector in Turkey, additional studies are needed to ensure social awareness on waste management, research and development studies, and conversion of textile waste into high value-added products. A significant part of the waste in Turkey is used in yarn production. In this study; A research was conducted on the recycling processes of cotton yarn waste in a business for sustainability. Breaking strength values of yarns containing 10-50% waste in 3 different yarn counts, namely Ne 10, Ne 20 and Ne 30, were estimated by fuzzy logic modeling and the effects of textile waste on the environment and human health were examined.
Structural and Functional Characteristics of the Oral Cavity Organs and Tissues in Workers of the Petrochemical Industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Authors: Muminova Dilnoza Rakhimovna , Gafforov Sunatullo Amrulloevich
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the dental status, level, and structure of dental diseases, as well as to identify some clinical and functional deviations in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity among workers in certain industrial enterprises.
Methodology: A comprehensive dental examination was conducted on 1600 individuals, including 420 from the Fergana Oil Refinery Plant (FNPP - main group (MG)-1), 425 from the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Plant (AGMK - MG-2), and 605 from the Navoi Chemical Plant (NavCP - MG-3), as well as 150 patients as a control group (CG) who visited a dental clinic. Tooth sensitivity (TS), pain and discriminatory sensitivity (PS and DS) of the oral mucosa, taste perception threshold, and functional mobility of the taste receptors on the tongue, enamel resistance to caries, microhardness (MH) of enamel and dentin, and the condition of periodontal tissues and pH of mixed saliva were determined. The data obtained were processed using statistical methods.
Findings: It was determined that the levels and relative weights of the main dental diseases among workers in the studied industries remain quite high; carious and non-carious lesions of the tooth hard tissues, deformation and defects of teeth and dental rows (18.5%), periodontal tissue diseases (74.7%), diseases of the oral mucosa - 38.7%; the need for prosthetics (58.4%) and other pathologies. Additionally, almost all clinical and functional indicators and local non-specific reactivity of the tissues of the oral cavity in workers were disrupted.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The presence of the main dental diseases among those surveyed from the studied groups is quite high, with noted reductions in the excitability threshold of teeth, around tooth tissues and the oral mucosa, disruption of PS and DS of the oral mucosa, as well as deterioration of the condition of tooth hard tissues. Based on the obtained results, the authors suggest continuing in-depth scientific research with the aim of developing effective methods for the diagnosis and prevention of dental diseases among workers in these industries.
Atracurium for Rapid Sequence Induction; A dose determining Randomized Control Trial at a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Muhammad Haroon Anwar  , Rana Imran Sikander  , Naheed Fatima  , Suresh Kumar  , Javeriah Khan  , Taimoor Javed
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Expert airway management is one of the essential anesthetic skills. Rapid Sequence induction is a technique of providing rapid securement of airway with endotracheal tube in patients who are at risk of aspiration.
Objective:
To find out the efficacy of 3-4 ED95 dose of Atracurium in providing optimal intubating conditions for Rapid Sequence Induction.
Methodology:
Single-blind randomized control trial was carried out Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad. 118 patients were included and divided into two groups by help of computer-generated random numbers. All the patients were pre-medicated with 8 mg of IV Dexamethasone. Group A patients received 1 mg/kg while group B patients received 0.75 mg/kg of Atracurium. Intubating conditions were assessed on the basis of number of coughing episodes along with degree of vocal cord movement or paralysis.
Results:
Patients who received 0.75 mg/kg of Atracurium had statistically significant better intubating conditions as compared to those receiving 1 mg/kg of Atracurium (p value < 0.05). Coughing episodes were more common among patients receiving higher dose of Atracurium while degree of vocal cord paralysis was similar in both groups. Furthermore 75% of histamine related adverse effects such as erythema and bronchospasm were observed in higher dose group. The difference was statistically significant with a p value of <0.05.
Conclusion:
Atracurium at a dose of 0.75 mg/kg along with pre-medication with 8 mg of IV Dexamethasone provided better and safer intubating conditions for rapid sequence induction.
Comparison of Phenylephrine infusion vs Nor-epinephrine Infusion on Maternal Hemodynamics and Neonatal Outcomes During Elective Lower Segment Caesarean Section under Sub-Arachnoid Block
Authors: Shahid Khan  , Zil Maurij Fiaz  , Muhammad Haroon Anwar  , Rana Imran Sikander  , Ahmad Ali  , Kiran Ayesha
Published: May 2024

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Phenylephrine and Nor-epinephrine IV infusions in maintaining maternal hemodynamics during EL-LSCS.
Methodology: This randomized control trial study was conducted department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad from March, 2023 to November, 2023. This study enrolled 62 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria i.e., patient of age 18-45 years undergoing elective LSCS under SAB were enrolled in the study. While those having hypertension, pre-clampsia, eclampsia, pre-existing bradycardia, fetal distress and hypersensitivity to the medications used in the study were excluded. Enrolled patients were divided into two groups using computer generated random numbers with Group N patients received Nor-epinephrine infusion at rate of 2.5 Mcg/min while Group P patients received phenylephrine infusion at rate of 50 Mcg/min. Intraoperatively maternal hemodynamics were monitored and infusions were titrated to effect. Neonatal outcomes were assessed using APGAR score with umbilical cord ABGS carried out if clinically indicated.
Results: Group P patients had statistically significant lower mean heart rate at 5,10,15 and 20 minutes as compared to group N. Similarly, pressures were significantly higher in group P than group N at 5,10,15,20 and 25 minutes. This required frequent changes in the rate of Phenylephrine infusion with the desired effect being achieved after 25 minutes of induction of Sub-Arachnoid block.
Conclusion: Low dose Nor-Epinephrine infusion is safe and provides a better hemodynamic profile during Caesarean Section.
Drug Resistant XDR Typhoid in Children Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Fozia Baloch  , Haseeb Ahmed Abbasi  , Muhammad Maaz Ali Shaikh  , Prem Sagar  , Amir Memon  , Muhammad Amir
Published: May 2024

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and patterns of drug-resistant typhoid fever, including extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, among children admitted to a tertiary care Hospital. 
Methodology: This descriptive observational study was done at Paediatric department of LUMHS from May 2022-november 2022. Children aged 1-12 years, both gender and with confirmed diagnosis of typhoid fever based on positive blood cultures were included. Blood culture samples were collected from pediatric patients presenting with suspected typhoid fever are processed according to standard microbiological techniques. Isolation and identification of Salmonella Typhi are performed using appropriate culture media and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using standardized methods. Drug resistance patterns, including multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes, are determined based on susceptibility testing results. MDR was defined as resistance to at least three classes of antibiotics commonly used for typhoid fever treatment, while XDR indicates additional resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, which are frontline treatment options for typhoid fever. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26.
Results: A total of 43 patients were studied, their mean age was 5.91 years. Boys were 72.15 and girls were 27.9%. Most of the cases 65.1% were consuming tap water. MDR resistance was observed in 9.4% of the cases, while XDR resistance was highly frequent among 83.7% of the patients. Very few cases 16.3% had history of typhoid vaccination. However, MDR and XDR resistance were statistically insignificant according to type of water consumption (p->0.05).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the study revealed alarmingly high prevalence rates of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid with multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains observed in 9.4% of cases. These findings emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive strategies that address both antimicrobial resistance and vaccination efforts to combat the increasing burden of XDR typhoid in children.
Adopting lean product development in new production system introduction process for sustainable operational performance
Authors: Islam Md Hasibul
Published: May 2024

This research explores adopting the lean product development (LPD) concept in the new production system introduction process (NPSIP) to achieve both pre-launching and post-launching operational performance considering sustainability aspects. An empirical study was conducted in a multi-national pharmaceutical company, having lean practice for over a decade. Two case projects for launching the new production system were followed in retrospect, and data was collected by interviewing experts. In the case company, evidence were found regarding adoption of soft lean practices in the NPSIP, however, lack of adoption of hard lean practices. Several challenges were identified that hinder achieving both pre-launching and post-launching operational performance, which could be mitigated by adopting LPD practices. This paper contributes to the broad lean literature by expanding its implication within the NPSIP context. Additionally, a set of LPD principles and practices is proposed that could be adopted in the NPSIP context. Adopting the LPD principles and practices in the NPSIP, manufacturing companies can launch a new production system faster, and achieve target sustainable operational performance faster, resulting in additional competitive advantage.
Ideology, Indexicality, and the L2 Development of Sociolinguistic Perception During Study Abroad
Authors: Grammon Devin
Published: May 2024

This article explores one second language Spanish learner’s development of sociolinguistic perception in Peru involving target language variation and social indexicality in a study abroad context. Specifically, it investigates the perceptual mechanism that evolves in this context and enables L2 learners to interpret dialectal target language forms by linking them with elements of character, group traits, and other social attributes. An analysis of ethnographic data revealed two phases in this development. While the initial phase was characterized by the learner’s formation of contrastive social and linguistic categories and first-order sociolinguistic indices linking ways of speaking to kinds of people, the latter phase involved a rationalization and justification of these links. I claim that this produced an ideological field in which the learner located specific morphosyntactic variants as indexing social qualities like ‘licentiousness’ and ‘ineptitude’ via their association with brichero and cholo social types from the host society. These findings implicate language ideologies as the fundamental perceptual mechanism that enables L2 learners to interpret the social meaning of TL practices. This case study recommends critical pedagogies and innovative curricula to bolster L2 learners’ development of sociolinguistic competence during study abroad.
O SOFT LAW DE DIREITO INTERNACIONAL E A CONCRETIZAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS SOCIAIS – BREVES NOTAS SOBRE AS RECOMENDAÇÕES DA OMS E AS DECISÕES DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL SOBRE A PANDEMIA
Authors: Borges Daniel Damásio , Romero Thiago Giovani , Paula Ana Cristina Alves de
Published: May 2024

O objetivo do presente artigo é tratar sobre a relevância da soft law no direito internacional contemporâneo, propondo uma reflexão sobre a possibilidade de considerar a soft law como uma fonte direta do direito internacional público. A pesquisa pretende lançar uma revisitação aos pensamentos sobre as fontes do direito internacional público, a fim de analisar o papel que a soft law vem exercendo na modificação do panorama tradicional das fontes do direito internacional, destacando as recomendações da OMS e as decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) para o combate à pandemia de Covid-19. Na construção da pesquisa, foi utilizado o método dedutivo, amparado por uma revisão bibliográfica especializada. Pode-se concluir que as recomendações publicadas pela OMS confirmam a importância dos standards internacionais para o enfrentamento do coronavírus no mundo.
El derecho a la salud de las mujeres con especial referencia a las nuevas prestaciones de incapacidad temporal (Ley orgánica 1/2023, de 28 de febrero)
Authors: García Gil M. Begoña , Castro Conte Macarena
Published: May 2024

El derecho a la salud de las mujeres se refuerza de forma especial con la incorporación por la Ley orgánica 1/2023 de tres supuestos específicos de incapacidad temporal (IT) para las trabajadoras. En concreto, la IT derivada de menstruación incapacitante, IT por interrupción voluntaria o no voluntaria del embarazo e IT desde el primer día de la semana trigésima novena del embarazo. Todas ellas derivadas de la protección de la salud de la trabajadora y el derecho a trabajar sin dolor.
Strategi Pemasaran Jasa Pendidikan Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Baqiyatush Shalihat dalam Meningkatkan Animo Masyarakat di Kuala Tungkal
Authors: Saputro Musonip , Samsu  , Rianty Ida
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan Penelitian ini membahas mengenai strategi pemasaran jasa pendidikan yang ada di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Baqiyatush Shalihat. Tujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk mengetahui mengenai strategi pemasaran yang digunakan oleh Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Baqiyatush Shalihat. Penelitian ini di muat dalam bentuk deskriptif kualitatif, yang menggunakan observasi, wawancara serta dokumentasi dalam pengumpulan datanya. Berdasarkan temuan penulis, dalam melakukan pemasarannya, Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Baqiyatush Shalihat menggunakan strategi meliputi unsur 5 P yaitu produk (product), yaitu dari segi Tahfidz, Kedisiplianan, Adab budi pekerti dan Program salafi , harga (price), yaitu dengan harga yang masih standard rata-rata di pasaran, lokasi (place), Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Baqiyatush Shalihat sendiri memiliki lokasi yang strategis, orang (people), memiliki sumber daya manusia (guru, dan staf) yang berkompeten di bidangnya masing-masing, serta promosi (promotion), yaitu dilakukan dengan menggunakan penyebaran brosur, kalender, dan pamflet. Faktor pendukung dalam melakukan pemasarannya yaitu berupa promosi yang dilakukan dari mulut ke mulut oleh para orang tua beserta kepala madrasah diangkat menjadi bupati Tanjung Jabung Barat. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah sarana – prasarana yang didalamnya terdapat kekurangan beserta masih adanya siswa yang terpaksa untuk sekolah sehingga tidak sampai selesai. Keberhasilan strategi pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Baqiyatush Shalihat dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya pendaftran setiap tahun terhadap animo masyarakat di madrasah tersebut.
Investigation of Classroom Teachers' Technostress Levels in Terms of ICT Competence Perceptions and Various Variables
Authors: Saltan Fatih , Bozbey Çetin , Bozyokuş Fatih , Koçak Sefa , Özdemir Muhammet
Published: May 2024

Technostress refers to the negative psychological and physical effects of technology use (Brod, 1984; Shu, Tu, & Wang ,2011). The reasons for this include factors such as information overload and inability to cope with the pressure to stay up to date with technology. Undoubtedly, there is a strong relationship between technostress and technology use (Brod, 1984). Today, technostress has become a common problem among teachers (Madigan & Kim, 2021). This study aims to reveal the relationship between the levels of technostress that classroom teachers may have experienced and their perceptions of competence towards Information Communication Technologies (ICT). In addition, teachers' technostress levels and ICT efficacy perceptions were examined in terms of various descriptive variables. The study was conducted with the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, and two scales and various descriptive questions were used. In the study, independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and one sample ANOVA were used to determine the difference between multi-group variables. Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis was applied to test the relationship. The results of the analysis showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between teachers' technostress levels and their perceptions of ICT efficacy (r= 0.343; p
Potential of using CO2 observations over India in a regional carbon budget estimation by improving the modelling system
Authors: Thilakan Vishnu , Pillai Dhanyalekshmi , Sukumaran Jithin , Gerbig Christoph , Hakkim Haseeb , Sinha Vinayak , Terao Yukio , Naja Manish , Deshpande Monish Vijay
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Devising effective national-level climate action plans requires a more detailed understanding of the regional distribution of sources and sinks of greenhouse gases. Due to insufficient observations and modelling capabilities, India's current carbon source–sink estimates are uncertain. This study uses a high-resolution Lagrangian transport model to examine the potential of available CO2 observations over India for inverse estimation of regional carbon fluxes. We use four different sites in India that vary in the measurement technique, frequency and spatial representation. These observations exhibit substantial seasonal (7.5 to 9.2 ppm) and intra-seasonal (2 to 12 ppm) variability. Our modelling framework, a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting Model combined with the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model (WRF–STILT), performs better in simulating seasonal (R2=0.50 to 0.96) and diurnal (R2=0.96) variability (for the Mohali station) of observed CO2 than the current-generation global models (CarboScope, CarbonTracker and ECMWF EGG4). The seasonal CO2 concentration variability in Mohali, associated with crop residue burning, is largely underestimated by the models. WRF–STILT captures the seasonal biospheric variability over Nainital better than the global models but underestimates the strength of the CO2 uptake by crops. The choice of emission inventory in the modelling framework alone leads to significant biases in simulations (5 to 10 ppm), endorsing the need for accounting for emission fluxes, especially for non-background sites. Our study highlights the possibility of using the CO2 observations from these Indian stations for deducing carbon flux information at regional (Nainital) and suburban to urban (Mohali, Shadnagar and Nagpur) scales with the help of a high-resolution model. On accounting for observed variability in CO2, the global carbon data assimilation system can benefit from the measurements from the Indian subcontinent.