bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns and Australian Bushfires on Aerosol Loading over the Downwind Oceanic Regions
Authors: Zhao Xuepeng
Published: November 2020

Nearly 40 years of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) climate data record (CDR) from AVHRR satellite observations over the global ocean is used to study the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns and Australian bushfires on aerosol loading over downwind oceanic regions. Recent similar impact studies, by contrast, were mainly focused on the urban and suburban areas near the emission sources. AOT is used as a proxy for aerosol loading in our study. We found that AOT variations due to anthropogenic emission reduction during the lockdown period are complex and non-linear. AOT reduction was observed over China’s east coastal oceans due to emissions reduction during the stringent lockdown period in China. However, an unexpected surge of AOT occurred over the coastal oceans of India during the tight lockdown period in the pre-monsoon season. Moreover, inter-annual variations of AOT, along with a long-term decreasing trend, may conceal the lockdown-related AOT changes over the US east coastal ocean and the Mediterranean Sea due to relatively relaxed lockdown measures. By contrast, AOT increases in a monotonic way due to the emissions from severe Australian bushfires in the 2019/2020 fire season. The AOT surge is evident not only over the Australian coastal ocean but also extends to the entire southern ocean. This comparative study of two opposite extreme emission scenarios in natural conditions could be a benefit in creating effective mitigation strategies for future anthropogenic emissions and air pollution.
Prevalence of Mental Illnesses in Domestic Violence Police Records: Text Mining Study
Authors: Karystianis George , Simpson Annabeth , Adily Armita , Schofield Peter , Greenberg David , Wand Handan , Nenadic Goran , Butler Tony
Published: November 2020

Background

The New South Wales Police Force (NSWPF) records details of significant numbers of domestic violence (DV) events they attend each year as both structured quantitative data and unstructured free text. Accessing information contained in the free text such as the victim’s and persons of interest (POI's) mental health status could be useful in the better management of DV events attended by the police and thus improve health, justice, and social outcomes.

Objective

The aim of this study is to present the prevalence of extracted mental illness mentions for POIs and victims in police-recorded DV events.

Methods

We applied a knowledge-driven text mining method to recognize mental illness mentions for victims and POIs from police-recorded DV events.

Results

In 416,441 police-recorded DV events with single POIs and single victims, we identified 64,587 events (15.51%) with at least one mental illness mention versus 4295 (1.03%) recorded in the structured fixed fields. Two-thirds (67,582/85,880, 78.69%) of mental illnesses were associated with POIs versus 21.30% (18,298/85,880) with victims; depression was the most common condition in both victims (2822/12,589, 22.42%) and POIs (7496/39,269, 19.01%). Mental illnesses were most common among POIs aged 0-14 years (623/1612, 38.65%) and in victims aged over 65 years (1227/22,873, 5.36%).

Conclusions

A wealth of mental illness information exists within police-recorded DV events that can be extracted using text mining. The results showed mood-related illnesses were the most common in both victims and POIs. Further investigation is required to determine the reliability of the mental illness mentions against sources of diagnostic information.
Health Impacts of the Stay-at-Home Order on Community-Dwelling Older Adults and How Technologies May Help: Focus Group Study (Preprint)
Authors: Daly Jessica R , Depp Colin , Graham Sarah A , Jeste Dilip V , Kim Ho-Cheol , Lee Ellen E , Nebeker Camille
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

As of March 2021, in the USA, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 500,000 deaths, with a majority being people over 65 years of age. Since the start of the pandemic in March 2020, preventive measures, including lockdowns, social isolation, quarantine, and social distancing, have been implemented to reduce viral spread. These measures, while effective for risk prevention, may contribute to increased social isolation and loneliness among older adults and negatively impact their mental and physical health.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting “Stay-at-Home” order on the mental and physical health of older adults and to explore ways to safely increase social connectedness among them.

METHODS

This qualitative study involved older adults living in a Continued Care Senior Housing Community (CCSHC) in southern California, USA. Four 90-minute focus groups were convened using the Zoom Video Communications platform during May 2020, involving 21 CCSHC residents. Participants were asked to describe how they were managing during the “stay-at-home” mandate that was implemented in March 2020, including its impact on their physical and mental health. Transcripts of each focus group were analyzed using qualitative methods.

RESULTS

Four themes emerged from the qualitative data: (1) impact of the quarantine on health and well-being, (2) communication innovation and technology use, (3) effective ways of coping with the quarantine, and (4) improving access to technology and training. Participants reported a threat to their mental and physical health directly tied to the quarantine and exacerbated by social isolation and decreased physical activity. Technology was identified as a lifeline for many who are socially isolated from their friends and family.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study findings suggest that technology access, connectivity, and literacy are potential game-changers to supporting the mental and physical health of older adults and must be prioritized for future research.
Effects of Digital Technologies on Older People’s Access to Health and Social Care: Umbrella Review (Preprint)
Authors: Kunonga Tafadzwa Patience , Spiers Gemma Frances , Beyer Fiona R , Hanratty Barbara , Boulton Elisabeth , Hall Alex , Bower Peter , Todd Chris , Craig Dawn
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic prompted the rapid implementation of new and existing digital technologies to facilitate access to health and care services during physical distancing. Older people may be disadvantaged in that regard if they are unable to use or have access to smartphones, tablets, computers, or other technologies.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we synthesized evidence on the impact of digital technologies on older adults’ access to health and social services.

METHODS

We conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews published from January 2000 to October 2019 using comprehensive searches of 6 databases. We looked for reviews in a population of adults aged ≥65 years in any setting, reporting outcomes related to the impact of technologies on access to health and social care services.

RESULTS

A total of 7 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria, providing data from 77 randomized controlled trials and 50 observational studies. All of them synthesized findings from low-quality primary studies, 2 of which used robust review methods. Most of the reviews focused on digital technologies to facilitate remote delivery of care, including consultations and therapy. No studies examined technologies used for first contact access to care, such as online appointment scheduling. Overall, we found no reviews of technology to facilitate first contact access to health and social care such as online appointment booking systems for older populations.

CONCLUSIONS

The impact of digital technologies on equitable access to services for older people is unclear. Research is urgently needed in order to understand the positive and negative consequences of digital technologies on health care access and to identify the groups most vulnerable to exclusion.
Application of smartphone technologies in disease monitoring: a systematic review (Preprint)
Authors: Adibi Sasan , Moses Jeban Chandir , Islam Shariful , Nguyen Lemai , Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Technologies play an essential role in monitoring, managing, and self-management of patients with chronic conditions. The current COVID-19 pandemic has limited access to hospital care for patients with chronic diseases, created uncertainty over their health, and accentuated their emotional situation. There is an imperative need globally in delivering healthcare through alternative methodologies to monitor and maintain the health and wellbeing of chronic patients. The advancements in technology and the surge in smartphone ownership could enable it to function as a disease monitoring tool.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the use of smartphone technologies in disease monitoring and examine the acceptance of technology by stakeholders including patients with chronic conditions.

METHODS

We followed a systematic review process to assess technology's scope in the medical and healthcare system. Four databases (Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Proquest) were searched. Articles examining the use of smartphone technology in chronic disease monitoring were included. Primary outcomes for the research articles and their statistically significant value where applicable are presented and discussed.

RESULTS

Results showed that smartphone applications (app)-based weight management program had a significant effect on healthy eating and physical activity (P=.002), eating behaviours (P<.001) and dietary intake pattern (P<.001), decreased mean body weight (P=.008), mean Body Mass Index (BMI) (P=.002) and mean waist circumference (P<.001). App intervention assisted in decreasing the stress levels (paired t-test=3.18; P<.05). A moderately positive correlation between non-invasive electronic monitoring data and questionnaire (r=0.6, P<.0001) were found among cancer patients, and a high acceptance rate of technology (76%) was observed.

Our results might help to design, develop and deploy more suitable and targeted smartphone solutions for people with chronic conditions.

CONCLUSIONS

We found a significant relationship between app use and standard clinical evaluation, and high acceptance of using apps to monitor the disease. Our findings provide insights into critical issues that must be considered when designing, developing and deploying smartphone solutions targeted for monitoring chronic health conditions.
A Paradigm Shrift the Sole Driver Climate Change— Changes in the Average Concentration of Water Vapor
Authors: Van Brunt William A.
Published: November 2020

Changes in average global temperature are not driven by changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide. Instead, autonomous changes in the concentration of water vapor drive changes in water vapor heating. When determined in accordance with Eqn. 3, the average accuracy is 99.86%, compared to the variable annual, 1880-2019, temperature record. Changes in the concentration of water vapor and changes in water vapor heating are not a feedback response to changes in the concentration of CO2. Rather, increases in water vapor heating and increases in the concentration of water vapor drive each other in an autonomous positive feedback loop. This feedback loop can be brought to a halt if the average global rate of precipitation can be brought into balance with the average global rate of evaporation and maintained there. The recent increases in average global temperature can be reversed, if average global precipitation can be increased sufficiently to slightly exceed the average rate of evaporation.
Teaching English Vocabulary with Greek or Latin Roots to Iranian EFL Students by PLS Sequential Structures
Authors: Sasi Abolfazl Shirban
Published: November 2020

PLS is a newly developed language teaching method which predominantly applies imaginative and random usage of pictures. The present paper explains and reports the application of a PLS technique in teaching English vocabulary with Greek or Latin roots to Iranian EFL learners. A pretest-posttest control-group design was used to investigate the effects of this sequential structures technique. Participants were intermediate level EFL students in two branches of the same language institute in Tehran (N = 94, p ? 0.05). The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups of treatment and control. The experiment lasted for seven one-hour lessons held in successive sessions in three weeks during which 35 Greek and Latin roots were taught with at least three English word examples. For the research instrument, the students were administered a 35-item multiple-choice vocabulary exam for the pre and post tests prior to and immediately after the teaching phase. Consequently, an independent sample T-test was used to examine the outcome of the experiment. At p = .009, the statistical test revealed a significant difference in the gain scores between the two groups. Also, the mean vocabulary gain score of 7.23 for the treatment group as opposed to the mean of 5.35 for the control group illustrated the relative more L2 vocabulary intake for the treatment group.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КВАНТОВЫХ ТОЧЕК ДЛЯ ЭЛЕКТРООПТИЧЕСКИХ И ОПТОЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ УСТРОЙСТВ
Authors: Беляев В. , Язбек Х.
Published: November 2020

Технологии квантовых точек применяются с целью значительного повышения эффективности материалов, используемых как в самой электронике, так и ее передовых направлениях – микро- и наноэлектронике.
ОБЗОР МЕТОДОВ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО КОНТРОЛЯ ПЕЧАТНЫХ ПЛАТ
Authors: Домени А.
Published: November 2020

Рассмотрены основные методы электрического контроля печатных плат, их отличия и реализация. Сделано обобщение с целью создания упрощенного алгоритма электрического контроля и описаны технологии выявления дефектов электрических соединений печатных плат, необходимые для реализации этого алгоритма.
ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: Макушин М.
Published: November 2020

Обсуждаются достижения в области микроэлектроники, вычислительной техники, средств / систем / сетей связи, программного обеспечения и искусственного интеллекта (ИИ), поддерживаемые прогрессом во многих других областях человеческой деятельности.
МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНЫЕ НЕЙРОМОРФНЫЕ МОДУЛИ НА ОСНОВЕ МНОГОУРОВНЕВОЙ МЕМРИСТОРНОЙ ЛОГИКИ
Authors: Андреева Н. , Лучинин В. , Рындин Е.
Published: November 2020

Рассматриваются вопросы адаптации мемристивных устройств с многоуровневым переключением сопротивления для использования в искусственных нейронных сетях в качестве электронных эквивалентов синапсов.
ИСКУССТВЕННАЯ НЕЙРОННАЯ СЕТЬ НА ОСНОВЕ МЕМРИСТИВНЫХ УСТРОЙСТВ ДЛЯ ДВУНАПРАВЛЕННОГО АДАПТИВНОГО НЕЙРОИНТЕРФЕЙСА
Authors: Щаников С. , Зуев А. , Борданов И. , Данилин С. , Лукоянов В. , Королев Д. , Белов А. , Пигарева Я. , Гладков А. , Пимашкин А. , Михайлов А. , Казанцев В.
Published: November 2020

Рассмотрено создание нейроинтерфейса для двунаправленной связи между выращенной в микрофлюидном чипе биологической нейронной сетью (БНС) диссоциированных клеток гиппокампа и искусственной нейронной сетью (ИНС) с синапсами на базе массивов металл-­оксидных мемристивных устройств.
Analysis of inequality via social stratification
Authors: Rodríguez Esparza Luz Judith , Maza Díaz Cortés Octavio Martín , Macías Ponce Julio César , Ortiz Lazcano Dolly Anabel
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To analyze the contribution that social stratification provides to inequality using the Gini index as an input.Methodology: The compatible differences tool was used to calculate the percentage of income provided by social strata using the Gini index; to verify the efficiency of the proposed methodology, real data from different countries were considered.Results: Since compositional data were obtained as results, it was possible to estimate and predict the proportion of the contributions of the strata to inequality, evidencing the importance of social stratification in the classes.Limitations: The measurement of inequality to construct the Gini index has different methodologies worldwide, which represented a difficulty in making comparisons.Findings: The methodology that we developed in this article allowed us to know the weight that different social strata contributes to inequality; this is especially important since it can be a tool that helps decision-makers to take more effective measures to counteract inequality.
DEA-based Performance Evaluation of Libraries: A Systematic Mapping study
Authors: Najafi Ali , Emamgholipour Sefiddashti Sara , Sheikhshoaei Fatemeh , Razavi Hajiagha Seyed Hossein , Masoumi Davoud
Published: November 2020

Este estudio emplea un estudio de mapeo sistemático para analizar publicaciones sobre evaluación del desempeño de la biblioteca con análisis por envoltura de datos (DEA, por sus siglas en inglés). La revisión se basa en una búsqueda exhaustiva en la literatura académica que incluye bases de datos científicas de Scopus y Web of Science. Se seleccionaron 44 artículos publicados entre 1997 y 2018 como el núcleo del estudio. Los resultados muestran que los estudios publicados son realizados principalmente por especialistas en economía, administración, ingeniería y apenas por especialistas en bibliotecología y ciencias de la información. Curiosamente, una gran cantidad de los estudios se llevan a cabo en Taiwán y los Estados Unidos con un enfoque específico en la evaluación del desempeño de las bibliotecas universitarias. Los resultados de este estudio identifican lagunas en términos de técnicas, métodos y procesos utilizados para evaluar el rendimiento de las bibliotecas. Identificar estas brechas puede ayudar a los investigadores de las Ciencias de la Información y Bibliotecología a prestar más atención a la investigación sobre la evaluación del desempeño de las bibliotecas. Además, el estudio identifica las variables clave de entrada y salida en la evaluación del desempeño de las bibliotecas.
Interpersonal and Ideational Metaphors in the Writing of Thesis Texts of Undergraduate Students of English Study Program: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Approach
Authors: Ngongo Magdalena , Naniana Benu
Published: November 2020

This study describes how interpersonal and ideational metaphors were realised in th writing of theses texts written by undergraduate students of English study program. This study is a documentary analysis of descriptive method. Data in the form of corpus data were randomly taken from 15 theses among 70 theses in population. Data were analyzed by focusing on the semantic functions covering interpersonal and ideational metaphors. The results showed that interpersonal metaphor was realised in mood system and modality. Mood system was realised mostly in declarative clauses than interrogative and imperative ones. This fact was caused by the channel of text, written text. Modality was least used in the texts. Ideational metaphor was sin transitivity system in which material process was mostly applied than mental, behaviour, existential, relational and verbal processes. Nominalisation was selected as the mostly used property of linguistic feature in writing theses. Ideational metaphor was more used than interpersonal metaphor. This fact happens due to the text channel, written text. Therefore, it is suggested that lecturers in their teaching should consider their teaching by including metaphorical meaning, especially ideational and interpersonal metaphors. Besides, it is suggested to conduct research by comparing languages, national or international languages such as between Indonesian and English or else.
Semantic Broadening of the Word Sudah in the Spoken Use of Bahasa Indonesia in Sumba
Authors: Malo Raynesta Mikaela Indri
Published: November 2020

This is a descriptive qualitative study which aims at studying the use of the word sudah in the spoken use of Bahasa Indonesia in Sumba. According to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, sudah is an adverb used mostly to inform that something has already happened or that something has already been done. The position of sudah in phrases or sentences precedes the verb or adjective that it modifies. However, there is a different use of sudah in Sumba, and probably in mostly eastern islands in Indonesia, where this adverb is placed after the verb. The purpose of this research is to study the meaning brought by this new arrangement of sudah. The data was spoken use of Bahasa Indonesia collected through note-taking at campus, houses, and public places (market and stores). The data collected was then analyzed using agih method or meaning-analysis method. There were also 2 informants asked to get information on the function of the new arrangement. The analysis showed that the adverb sudah underwent the semantic or meaning broadening in its use. This study revealed there were 3 new meanings as the result of broadening process, (1) to give order or to ask other people to do something, (2) to invite other people to do something, and (3) to inform that something is about to happen or to be done soon. With these new meanings, the adverb sudah can also function as an adverb to show that something has not happened yet or something has not been done yet, the contrast of what is suggested in the dictionary.
SAHNE KAYGISI YÖNTEM VE STRATEJİLERİNİN MÜZİK PERFORMANS KAYGISI İÇİN KULLANILABİLİRLİĞİ
Authors: KIRAÇ SABZEHZAR Derya
Published: November 2020

Profesyonel müzik eğitiminin ilk yıllarından itibaren, çeşitli evrelerden geçerek her müzisyenin hayatı boyunca deneyimlemeye devam ettiği “performans” olgusu, psikolojik ve fizyolojik pek çok etken ile iç içedir. İnsan yaşamı boyunca sabit olması mümkün olmayan bu etkenler, kişinin performans niteliğini de doğrudan etkilemektedir. Kişi her ne kadar sahne tecrübesi yaşamış ya da seslendireceği eseri her ne kadar iyi biliyor olsa da, performans anında beklenmedik bazı olumsuz durumlarla karşılaşabilmektedir. Sadece müzisyenlerde değil, oyuncularda, sporcularda, akademisyenlerde de görülebilecek bu beklenmedik durumlar bir sonraki performans için korku ve endişeye dönüşebilecek etkiler bırakabilir. Bu olumsuz etkilerden kurtulabilmek veya hiç yaşamamak adına pek çok yöntem ve strateji geliştirilmiştir.
Çoğu profesyonel müzisyenin yaşadığı “kötü deneyim” olarak tanımlanan bu durum sahne fobisi halini alır. Literatürde ‘musical performance anxiety’, Türkçeye çevrilmiş akademik çalışmalarda da ‘müzik performans kaygısı’ ya da ‘sahne heyecanı’ olarak söz edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada müzik performans kaygısı genel olarak ele alınmış ve bu kaygı durumunun üstesinden gelmek için sahne korkusunu kontrol edebilmek üzerine literatüre geçmiş bazı yöntem ve tekniklerden söz edilmiştir.
The Main Determinants of Capital Inflows in Emerging Market Economies: Does the Exchange Rate Regime Matter?
Authors: Taşdemir Fatma
Published: November 2020

There is a bulk of literature in analyzing the impacts of exchange rate regimes (ERRs) on capital flows into emerging market economies. However, these studies mainly do not take into account integration and cointegration properties of variables. This paper aims to tackle this important issue by investigating whether ERRs matter for the impacts of the main push (global financial conditions, GFC) and pull (real GDP) factors on capital inflows into emerging market economies. We find that worsening GFC decreases all types of capital inflow except foreign direct investments in case of floating ERR. This impact is statistically significant only for portfolio inflows in case of managed ERR. The pull factor is often positive and statistically significant in determining capital inflows in the long-run only under floating ERRs. These results suggest that the long-run impacts of the main pull and push factors on capital inflows are often magnified under more flexible ERRs.
O PROCESSO DE DEMARCAÇÃO DE TERRAS INDÍGENAS NO BRASIL E O TERRITÓRIO DOS POVOS ORIGINÁRIOS
Authors: Araujo Rodrigo Wienskoski
Published: November 2020

O objetivo central deste artigo é levantar informações relevantes sobre o processo de demarcação de terras indígenas e analisar como o conceito de território é abordado nessa questão. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa está amparado no levantamento da legislação brasileira, na compilação de material bibliográfico e documental sobre a demarcação de terras indígenas e em atividades de campo, que envolvem o diálogo com autoridades, comunidades e lideranças. A pesquisa vem mostrando que os problemas relacionados à demarcação das terras indígenas no Brasil não é apenas um problema indígena, também indica que a necessidade de demarcação de terras é resultado de um perverso processo de desterritorialização dos povos originários.
A REGIÃO TRANSFRONTEIRIÇA DO IGUAÇU E AS AÇÕES DA IIRSA
Authors: Vicente Francisco Jorge , Rückert Aldomar Arnaldo
Published: November 2020

Relações transfronteiriças implicam em processos que podem ou não evoluir para a conformação de regiões transfronteiriças. A Bacia do Prata, por suas condições históricas, econômicas e geográficas, é uma região propensa a desenvolver este tipo de formação socio-geográfica, o que explica em seu interior, a existência de 24 cidades-gêmeas, das 33 reconhecidas pelo Brasil. Na região da Tríplice Fronteira entre Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai, se desenvolve a embrionária, e ainda informal, Região Transfronteiriça do Iguaçu, em torno das cidades tri-gêmeas de Puerto Iguazú, Foz do Iguaçu e Ciudad del Este. As ações de integração da infraestrutura regional da IIRSA desenvolvidas por atores territoriais multiescalares estão estimulando este processo de transfronteirização e provocando importantes consequências políticas, econômicas, sociais e ambientais nesta região da fronteira e, em especial, para as cidades tri-gêmeas envolvidas neste processo.
GAF.Educação: desafios e potencialidades para o desenvolvimento da M-learning
Authors: Raphaelli Bosquerolli Antunes Maria Tanise , Silveira Sonego Anna Helena
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta-se em uma versão estendida de um trabalho anterior sobre a criação e uso do aplicativo educacional GAF. EDUCAÇÃO. Diante desse contexto, objetiva-se analisar as potencialidades e desafios para utilização do GAF. EDUCAÇÃO, como um objeto de aprendizagem para o desenvolvimento da M-learning em sala de aula. Neste sentido, tem o propósito de contribuir nos processos de autoria e construção de competências tecnológicas com alunos através do uso dos dispositivos móveis (DM). A metodologia utilizada para o seu desenvolvimento envolveu quatro etapas: concepção do projeto; referencial teórico e planejamento; implementação e avaliação, com 20 estudantes do ensino médio. O Objeto de Aprendizagem (OA) apresenta materiais complementares visando introduzir conteúdo de Geografia, Arte e Filosofia através dos DM no contexto escolar. Como resultados, constatou-se que o GAF.Educação pode auxiliar os discentes na pesquisa, comunicação, autoria e na capacitação para utilização de diferentes tecnologias, contribuindo no processo de ensino aprendizagem.
Disputa de Poder ou Disputa por Prestígio com o Brasil na Política Externa de Menem? A Visão da Diplomacia
Authors: Dos Santos Ariane Costa , Saraiva Miriam Gomes
Published: November 2020

É uma afirmativa frequente na literatura dos estudiosos da política externa argentina de que os comportamentos da Argentina frente ao Brasil e aos Estados Unidos teriam tido vínculos, pesos e contrapesos, ou impactos um no outro. Com vistas a dialogar com essa literatura, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar os bastidores da política externa argentina e identificar o que esteve por detrás dos desentendimentos político-diplomáticos do governo Menem com o Brasil. Dessa forma, é destacado aqui o papel da percepção diplomática da Argentina na definição da sua estratégia junto ao seu vizinho e sócio fundador do MERCOSUL. Com o intuito de atribuir uma dimensão empírica à resposta, são destacados dois episódios ilustrativos das principais divergências entre os dois países entre 1997 e 1999: i) obtenção do status de aliado especial extra-OTAN por parte da Argentina, em 1997, com consequente reação negativa por parte do Brasil; ii) oposição da Argentina ao pleito brasileiro por uma cadeira permanente no Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas, tema caro à diplomacia brasileira e que suscitou reações negativas das autoridades argentinas. Para atender aos objetivos colocados, as fontes foram concentradas em entrevistas realizadas com diplomatas brasileiros e argentinos, além de discursos de autoridades e matérias de imprensa.
Por una cultura material cíclica desde el arte y la artesanía
Authors: Loren Atienza Lucía
Published: November 2020

O desenvolvimento da minha prática artística, nos últimos anos, tem levado à busca e compreensão do próprio território como gerador de ecossistemas naturais e culturais que nos ligam intimamente ao lugar. Conhecer este lugar e a partir dele é uma premissa fundamental na realização de uma intervenção artística na paisagem. Entendo este processo criativo como uma colaboração com o ecossistema: a árvore, a terra, a água, os animais e, por extensão, o camponês, o artesão ou o pastor, são também uma parte ativa e transformadora do próprio trabalho. O processo de trabalho na natureza me coloca em contato com a realidade cotidiana, não só da paisagem, mas das pessoas que nela vivem, seus privilégios e suas dificuldades. Usar os materiais do próprio ambiente torna-se uma ferramenta de pesquisa para trabalhar, para entender o processo cíclico de transformações contínuas sobre o qual a paisagem é desenhada. O artesanato tradicional, a agricultura orgânica e o pastoreio extensivo têm sido grandes fontes de inspiração no meu processo de trabalho, revalorizando uma cultura material cíclica, que parte dos recursos próprios do território sem gerar resíduos externos. A relação com os moradores dos ambientes em que trabalho costuma ser muito próxima. Às vezes os processos de trabalho são participativos ou propostas colaborativas são geradas.
Environmental, economic and socio-institutional context of the sustainability index: Evidence from Italy
Authors: Longo Maria Annunziata , Tenuta Paolo
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study is to define a methodology for assessing sustainability at different levels of detail. For the definition of the conditions of sustainability, the approach known as the triple bottom line was used. The study developed concerns the identification of a set of environmental, economic, and socio-institutional indicators and the elaboration of the same in a synthetic analysis index, organized in a hierarchical structure. An index for measuring irrigation sustainability has been built. This index, called the Sustainable Irrigation Index (SII), allows monitoring and assessment of the sustainability of irrigation activities and policies, at various territorial analysis scales, varying from the regional to the agricultural company. We proceeded with the creation of a multi-criteria spatial decision support system (GIS-based). The implementation of the index took place using the GIS IDRISI software. Finally, the index was applied to the concrete case of a Province of the Calabria region
T cell ALL in a child with Ataxia telangiectasia; diagnosis and management challenge
Authors: Ahmed Omaima , Felimban Yara , Almehdar Abeer
Published: November 2020

Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare childhood autosomal recessive
neurodegenerative chromosomal instability disorder. It is characterized
by high risk of hematological malignancies with T-cell phenotype being
the most common, which can present first before the diagnosis of A-T
made. The chromosomal instability in A-T increases the toxicity to
radio- chemotherapeutic agents, creating the treatment modification
challenges and the deviation from the optimal management protocols. In
this case report we present a 14-month-old boy diagnosed as T cell
–ALL. Based on his early presentation, family history of childhood
lymphoma, and high AFP, inherited predisposition was suspected, and
genetic testing confirm A-T. This report represents the crucial part of
clinical suspicion of A-T in similar cases as well as highlighting the
importance of an early A-T diagnosis that prevents toxic death due to
the extensive regimen of radio- chemotherapeutic agents. The report
summarizes the toxicity and modification challenges during management
with literature review for the chemotherapy modification experience in
such cases.
SEVERE SINUS BRADYCARDIA SECONDARY TO THE USE OF INTRAVENOUS STEROIDS.
Authors: Carsí Laura Linares , García María Tallón , Alvarez Ana María Ocampo , Rey Raquel Cantero , Fírvida Cristina Lorenzo , Santamarina Inmaculada Fernández
Published: November 2020

High-dose glucocorticoids are commonly used for a wide variety of
childhood diseases. They are known to cause several side-effects by oral
administration; nonetheless, side-effects associated with intravenous
bolus are not well known1. Whereas a rise in blood pressure is a
well-known side-effect of corticosteroid treatment, sinus bradycardia
has been reported as another adverse effect of high-dose glucocorticoid
therapy2. This effect mainly occurs in adults and few cases have been
described in children. We report two cases of sinus bradycardia due to
intravenous methylprednisolone administration in paediatric oncology
patients and the approach we adopted for their resolution.
An observational study using video recordings to explore the first hour after admission to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
Authors: Aydon Laurene , Gill Andrew , Zimmer Margo , Sharp Mary , Woods Patricia , Seeber Carly , Mooney deb , Murdoch Jamee
Published: November 2020

AIM To explore the admission process to our Neonatal Intensive Care
Unit. METHODS A first phase quality improvement initiative was
conducted. We utilised observational video recording of a convenience
sample of inborn admissions. Two remote GoPro cameras were placed, one
giving an overview of activity and the other focussed on the infant.
Recordings captured the first hour after admission including transfer to
the NICU by the birthing team. The video footage of each case study was
reviewed by a multidisciplinary panel using an agreed semi quantitative
analysis of events. RESULTS Ten admissions to the NICU were video
recorded between June and October 2018. Gestational age 282- 401. A
focus on maintaining airway support was inconsistent as was the ability
to provide continuous monitoring of vital signs. Overall leadership of
the process was lacking, and handover often appeared fragmented. Median
temperature on admission was 362 (354-373) oC. Vascular access and fluid
management occurred at a median of 36 (13 – 67) minutes. CONCLUSIONS
Planning and approval for this study was protracted, particularly
negotiating the use of video recording. Anecdotally, this delay is
thought to have contributed to an improvement in managing admissions,
particularly when maintaining airway support and monitoring. However,
our baseline data has highlighted a lack of leadership, fragmented
handover, low admission temperatures and broad time frames to achieve
vascular access. A guideline to streamline handover and nursery
transition is currently being implemented, a subsequent evaluation cycle
is planned.
Elevated Citrate Levels and Histone H3K27M mutations in Pediatric Midline Gliomas-Predictors of Adverse Outcome
Authors: Abongwa Chenue , Tamrazi Benita , bluml stefan , Yang Fusheng , Hawes Debra , Robison Nathan , Dhall Girish
Published: November 2020

Background: Low Grade Gliomas(LGG) account for about 50% of childhood
brain tumors. Elevated citrate levels have previously been shown to be
markers for aggressive behavior in LGGs and the H3K27M and G34R/V
mutations have emerged as molecular drivers for pediatric high-grade
gliomas(HGG). Procedure: We retrospectively analyzed data from 25
patients with midline gliomas to determine whether citrate levels
measured through magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) were associated
with histone mutations identified by immunohistochemistry. Results:
Median age was 6 years (range:0-16 years) with 13 males and 12 females.
Most of the patients 14(56%) had a LGG with the most common locations
being the thalamus 13(52%) and brainstem 7(28%). The majority had
undergone a biopsy 16(65%) or a partial resection 8(32%). Gross total
resection was achieved in only one patient(4%). The majority of the
patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Median
citrate levels trended higher in patients with HGG compared to those
with LGG (1.49vs0.93mmol/kg, p-value=0.16) and in patients with the
H3K27M mutation compared to those without (2.30vs0.80mmol/kg, p-value
0.26). Histological grading (LGGvsHGG) (OR: 3.96, 95% confidence
interval (CI):1.32-11.94), H3K27M mutation (OR:3.77, 95%
CI:1.05-13.61), and age (OR:1.12, 95%CI:1.00-1.25) were significant
adverse prognostic factors in univariate analysis but only the
histological grading remained significant in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: We determined that H3K27M mutations and elevated citrate
levels were adverse prognostic factors in both patients with LGG and
HGG. Exploring the relation between these two markers in larger studies
could lead to a noninvasive way of predicting high risk behavior prior
to biopsy.
Is There a Secondary Vaccine Hesitancy? Parental Attitudes Toward Revaccination of Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Ezeoke Ogochukwu , Goteti Sasidhar , Cashell Jamie , Caruso-Brown Amy
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Many children and adolescents who were vaccinated prior to
cancer treatment lose humoral immunity after completion of therapy.
Pediatricians and pediatric oncologists often recommend re-immunization,
although there is little consensus on timing and approach to serologic
testing. However, vaccine hesitancy in the U.S. is a growing problem. It
is not known whether parents who initially permitted vaccination might
demonstrate secondary hesitancy regarding re-immunization. Methods: We
conducted a qualitative study to explore parental attitudes toward
re-immunization after completion of cancer therapy. Twenty primary
caregivers of current pediatric cancer patients participated in
structured interviews exploring knowledge and understanding of immunity
and vaccination; previous experiences with vaccines; and attitudes
toward vaccines and revaccination. Results: Of those interviewed, 80%
were female and 90% were White Non-Hispanic. Of interviewees’ children
with cancer, 60% were male, 75% had been diagnosed within the past 6
months, and 45% had leukemia or lymphoma. All caregivers demonstrated a
basic understanding of vaccination, but only 65% understood that it was
possible to lose immunity even with previous vaccination. All caregivers
were willing to have their children immunized if tests showed lack of
humoral immunity, with 85% expressing a preference for testing prior to
revaccination. Conclusions: Primary caregivers of children with cancer
are willing to consider re-immunization interest but do express some
secondary hesitancy and strongly prefer that the need for
re-immunization be established via serologic testing, rather than
performed empirically. Caregivers’ beliefs and preferences regarding
re-immunization in pediatric oncology should be considered in the
development of post-treatment guidelines.
Habitat characteristics or territory size: which is more important to composition and diversity of mammals in non-protect area?
Authors: Li Wen-Bo , Yang Pei , Li Bo , Liu Chao , Sun Li , Li Jin
Published: November 2020

The main strategy for animal diversity conservation is to increase the
territory size but little consideration is given to habitat
characteristics requirement, which lead to a decrease in effectiveness
for protected areas. Marginal of protected areas are considered to have
higher species richness due to the edge effect. Strategy in these sites
are still adopts to increase territory size or pay no attention to needs
of specific habitat characteristics that is an important topic for the
planner and manager. In this study, camera traps was used to estimate
composition, diversity and habitat characteristics of mammals in a
non-protected area near Huangshan Mountains in Anhui Province, China. We
ran 49 liner models with the relative abundance index and 13 habitat
characteristic factors of 11 mammals. To answer the question of habitat
characteristics or territory size: which is more important to
composition and diversity of mammals in non-protect area? We
hypothesized that: (1) Non-protected areas have more mammal species than
protected areas with the edge effect. (2) Non-protected areas have more
species associated with habitat characteristics. We predicted that the
habitat characteristics should be firstly considered, territory size
secondly in non-protected areas, would provide a last refuge for
mammals. Cameras were operated from June 2017 to October 2019, for a
total of 29 months, 2,212 independent photos, 9,485 trap-days, recorded
18 species of mammals more than any other protected areas confirmed
first hypothesis 1. The model analysis results showed that, habitat
characteristics of mammals were different and showed a significant
correlation, supported hypothesis 2. In addition, most species are
related to vegetation characteristics except to primates (Macaca.
thibetana) and rodent (Leopoldamys edwardsi) confirmed our prediction.
We suggested conservation policies in non-protected areas: Habitat
characteristics should be concerned at first and then increasing
protected areas to provide the last refuge for species conservation.
Primary intratracheal neurilemmoma in a ten-year-old girl: case report and literature review
Authors: Wu Lei , Sha Micun , wu xiling , Bi Jing , Yang Min , Chen Zhimin
Published: November 2020

Primary intratracheal neurilemmoma is rare in children. Here, we
reported a case of tracheal neurilemmoma in a 10-year-old girl. She had
recurrent cough, dyspnea, and tachypnea. Magnetic resonance imaging
revealed a soft-tissue mass was located on the right lateral posterior
wall of the trachea. A multidisciplinary operation was performed.
Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a benign neurilemmoma. Her
clinical symptoms and signs improved. We reviewed the clinical features
and surgical procedures of ten children with intratracheal neurilemmoma
reported in literature. Radiographic techniques and bronchoscopy are
helpful for diagnosis of the disease. Long-time follow-up is required.
A Proposed CT Classification of Progressive Lung Parenchymal Injury Complicating Paediatric Lymphobronchial Tuberculosis -- from reversible to irreversible lung injury
Authors: Andronikou Savvas , Lucas Susan , Zouvani Andrea , Goussard Pierre
Published: November 2020

Abstract Lymphobronchial tuberculosis (LBTB) is tuberculous
lymphadenopathy affecting the airways, which is particularly common in
children with primary TB. Airway compression by lymphadenopathy causes
downstream parenchymal pathology, which may ultimately result in
irreversible lung destruction, if not treated timeously. CT is
considered the “gold standard” for detecting mediastinal lymph nodes
in children with TB. CT is also the best way of imaging the airways of
children with LBTB. The CT findings of the parenchymal complications and
associations of LBTB on CT have been described, but no severity
classification was provided to aid management decisions. Identifying the
parenchymal complications of LBTB and recognising their severity has
clinical relevance. Using prior publications on LBTB and post
obstructive lung injury we have used an image bank of CT scans in
children with pulmonary TB, presenting with airway symptoms, to create a
CT severity staging of lung injury in LBTB. The staging focuses on
distinguishing non-salvageable destruction [non-enhancing or cavitated
lung] from salvageable lung parenchymal disease [enhancing and
non-cavitated] to inform the management decisions, which range from
bronchoscopic airway clearance to surgical decompression of the
compressing nodes.
Ventilatory response to CO2 with Read's rebreathing method in normal infants
Authors: Yamada Yosuke , Nobuhide Henmi , Hasegawa Hisaya , Tsuruta Shio , Suganami Yusuke , Tokumasu Satoko , Wasa Masanori
Published: November 2020

Background Methods of evaluating the ventilatory response to CO2 (VRCO2)
of the respiratory center include the steady-state and the rebreathing
method. Although the rebreathing method can evaluate the respiratory
center more in detail, the steady-state method has been mainly performed
in infants. The aim of this study was to investigate whether we could
perform the VRCO2 with the rebreathing method in normal infants. Methods
The subjects were 80 normal infants. The gestational age was
39.9（39.3-40.3）weeks, and the birth body weight was 3,142
(2,851-3,451) grams. We performed the VRCO2 with Read’s rebreathing
method, measuring the increase in minute volume (MV) in response to the
increase in EtCO2 by rebreathing a closed circuit. The value of VRCO2
was calculated as follow: VRCO2 (mL/min/mmHg/kg) = ΔMV / ΔEtCO2 / Body
weight. Results We performed the examination without adverse events. The
age in days at examination was 3 (2-4), and the examination time was
150±38 seconds. The maximum EtCO2 was 51.1 (50.5-51.9) mmHg. The value
of VRCO2 was 34.6 (29.3-42.8). Tidal volume had a greater effect on the
increase in MV than respiratory rate (5.4 to 14.3 mL/kg, 44.1 to 55.9
/min, respectively). Conclusion This study suggests that the rebreathing
method can evaluate the ventilatory response to high blood CO2 in a
short examination time. We conclude that the rebreathing method is
useful even in infants. In the future, we plan to measure the VRCO2 of
preterm infants, and evaluate the respiratory center of infants in more
detail.
Konfiskacija karlovačke tekstilne industrije (1945. – 1946.)
Authors: Perković Nikola
Published: November 2020

Autor na temelju arhivskoga gradiva i literature opisuje i objašnjava gospodarske procese na području Karlovca i njegove uže okolice uvjetovane političkim odlukama neposredno nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata 1945. i 1946. godine.
„Radim sve što treba.” Aktivisti u mjesnim zajednicama u Jugoslaviji 1970-ih i 1980-ih
Authors: Duda Igor
Published: November 2020

Uvođenje mjesnih zajednica kao samoupravnih jedinica unutar općine bilo je oblik jačanja društvenoga samoupravljanja i socijalističke izravne demokracije u Jugoslaviji te, prema marksističkoj teoriji, dio procesa odumiranja države. Začetke donosi Ustav iz 1963., no tek Ustavom iz 1974. mjesne su zajednice postale obavezan oblik samoupravnoga organiziranja građana. Zamišljene kao svojevrsne proširene obitelji, umnogome su ovisile o inicijativi odozdo i djelovanju aktivista. Rad donosi teorijske pretpostavke i praktične aspekte aktivističkoga djelovanja u mjesnim zajednicama u raznim dijelovima Jugoslavije, a na temelju analize uspostavljaju se karakteristični tipovi aktivista koji su određeni generacijskim, klasnim i interesnim odnosima. Podaci se ponajviše crpe iz onodobne literature, specijaliziranoga lista Mjesna zajednica i arhivskoga gradiva.
Akcijski planovi protiv nepismenosti u Hrvatskoj od 1945. do 1970-ih
Authors: Anić Tomislav , Brković Vjera
Published: November 2020

U kontekstu političkih, gospodarskih i društvenih promjena sredinom XX. stoljeća sustavno se ostvaruju temeljni ciljevi Komunističke partije
Jugoslavije na svim razinama te dolazi do strukturnih promjena u društvu. Zadane promjene može se pratiti i preko mjera poduzetih za smanjenje broja nepismenih, što je izravno proizlazilo iz potrebe rješavanja temeljnih društvenih i gospodarskih problema.
U radu se problematizira borba protiv nepismenosti u Hrvatskoj nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata. Akcijski planovi opismenjavanja stanovništva koje su sustavno provodili državni organi pokazuju da se korjenito mijenjala slika društva. Odgojno-obrazovne teme i povijest školstva XX. stoljeća u hrvatskoj historiografiji, uz određene iznimke, neistražene su kao primjerice u historiografiji XIX. stoljeća.
Autori su analizom izvora i literature uspostavili tri faze odgojno-obrazovnih promjena. U ovom će se radu pratiti problem rješavanja nepismenosti preko promjena odgojno-obrazovnoga sustava i akcijskih planova opismenjavanja od 1945. do završne faze 1974., kada je
donesena odluka o osnivanju Komisije za borbu protiv nepismenosti.
Namjera je ovim radom doprinijeti istraživanju povijesti obrazovanja u hrvatskoj historiografiji.