bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of NcGRA7 and NcSAG4 proteins: Immunolocalisation and their role in the host cell invasion by Neospora caninum tachyzoites
Authors: Aguado-Martínez Adriana , Álvarez-García Gema , Schares Gereon , Risco-Castillo Verónica , Fernández-García Aurora , Marugán-Hernández Virginia , Ortega-Mora Luis
Published: October 2010

Neospora caninum negatively impacts bovine reproductive performance around the world. Addressing this problem requires a greater understanding of the parasite’s molecular biology. In this study, monoclonal antibodies against recombinant proteins were successfully developed and employed to characterise two different proteins of N. caninum: the acute phase-associated NcGRA7 and the chronic phase-associated NcSAG4. Immunofluorescence with the anti-rNcGRA7 monoclonal antibody suggested that NcGRA7 trafficks from tachyzoite dense granules to the matrix of the parasitophorous vacuole and parasite’s surroundings. Furthermore, NcGRA7 is also expressed in the bradyzoite stage and localised on the matrix of bradyzoite-positive vacuoles. NcGRA7 appears to be partially involved in the tachyzoite-invasion mechanisms, as an anti-rNcGRA7 monoclonal antibody partially inhibited in vitro tachyzoite-invasion. A monoclonal antibody specific for NcSAG4 confirmed this protein’s bradyzoitespecific expression both by western blot and immunofluorescence. However, some bradyzoite-positive vacuoles only weakly expressed NcSAG4, if it was expressed at all. The specificity of the anti-rNcSAG4 monoclonal antibody was confirmed by the recognition of the NcSAG4 in the membrane surface of Nc-1SAG4c transgenic tachyzoites, which constitutively expresses NcSAG4. Blocking NcSAG4 of Nc-1SAG4c tachyzoites with the monoclonal antibody did not affect host cell invasion. However, its implication on the host cell adhesion or host immune evasion should not be discarded.
New philometrids (Nematoda, Philometridae) from head tissues of two serranid fishes (Epinephelus morio and Mycteroperca microlepis) off Florida, northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Moravec František , Bakenhaster Micah , Fajer-Avila Emma
Published: October 2010

A new species of nematode, Philometra morii sp. nov. (Philometridae), is described from males and gravid females collected from the mouth cavity of the red grouper, Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes) (Serranidae, Perciformes), from the northen Gulf of Mexico, off Florida, USA. The new species is characterized mainly by the length of spicules (84–90 and 72–87 μm) and the length (54 μm) and structure of the gubernaculum in the male, and by the presence of three large oesophageal teeth protruding from the mouth, the number and arrangement of small cephalic papillae (8 papillae in 4 pairs of external circle and 6 single papillae of internal circle), the length (1.09–1.50 mm) and structure of the oesophagus and two large papilla-like caudal projections, and by the length of their bodies (19.34–30.07 mm). Philometra morii is the third species of this genus reported from E. morio in the Gulf of Mexico, differing from the two previously described species, in addition to morphological features, by the site of infection in this host (mouth cavity and sinuses vs oculo-orbits or gonads). From the same region (northern Gulf of Mexico, off Florida), gravid females of Philometra Costa, 1845, morphologically and biometrically similar to those of P. morii, were found in the subcutaneous tissues and sinuses of the head of another serranid fish (gag), Mycteroperca microlepis (Good et Bean). Although their conspecificity with P. morii cannot be excluded, they have been designated as Philometra sp. until conspecific males are discovered and described. Based on light and scanning electron microscopy examination (latter used only for females), both these forms are described.
Interpreting Joint Pain: Quantitative Sensory Testing in Musculoskeletal Management
Authors: Courtney Carol A. , Kavchak Alicia Emerson , Lowry Carina D. , O'Hearn Michael A.
Published: October 2010

Synopsis

Pain is a common complaint among clients seeking physical therapy services, yet interpretation of associated sensory changes can be difficult for the clinician. Musculoskeletal injury typically results in nociceptive pain due to noxious stimuli of the damaged muscle or joint tissues. However, with progression from acute to chronic stages, altered nociceptive processing can give rise to an array of sensory findings. Specifically, patients with chronic joint injury may present with signs and symptoms typically associated with neuropathic injury, due to changes in nociceptive processing. Clinical presentation may include expansion of hyperalgesia into adjacent and remote areas, allodynia, dysesthesias, and perceptual deficits. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) may provide an objective method of examining sensation and, thereby, of recognizing potential changes in the nociceptive pathways. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of altered nociceptive processing and somatosensory changes that may occur following a musculoskeletal injury without associated neural injury. Recommendations are made on clinical uses of quantitative sensory testing in orthopaedic physical therapy practice, and supporting clinical and laboratory evidence are presented. Examples related to joint injury are discussed, specifically, osteoarthritis of the knee and low back pain. Quantitative sensory testing may be a useful clinical tool to aid clinical decision making and for determination of prognosis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(12):818–825. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3314
Identifying Patient Fear-Avoidance Beliefs by Physical Therapists Managing Patients With Low Back Pain
Authors: Calley Darren Q. , Jackson Steven , Collins Heather , George Steven Z.
Published: October 2010

Study Design

Cross-sectional.

Objectives

To evaluate the accuracy with which physical therapists identify fear-avoidance beliefs in patients with low back pain by comparing therapist ratings of perceived patient fear-avoidance to the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia 11-item (TSK-11), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). To compare the concurrent validity of therapist ratings of perceived patient fear-avoidance and a 2-item questionnaire on fear of physical activity and harm, with clinical measures of fear-avoidance (FABQ, TSK-11, PCS), pain intensity as assessed with a numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and disability as assessed with the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ).

Background

The need to consider psychosocial factors for identifying patients at risk for disability and chronic low back pain has been well documented. Yet the ability of physical therapists to identify fear-avoidance beliefs using direct observation has not been studied.

Methods

Eight physical therapists and 80 patients with low back pain from 3 physical therapy clinics participated in the study. Patients completed the FABQ, TSK-11, PCS, ODQ, NPRS, and a dichotomous 2-item fear-avoidance screening questionnaire. Following the initial evaluation, physical therapists rated perceived patient fear-avoidance on a 0-to-10 scale and recorded 2 influences on their ratings. Spearman correlation and independent t tests determined the level of association of therapist 0-to-10 ratings and 2-item screening with fear-avoidance and clinical measures.

Results

Therapist ratings of perceived patient fear-avoidance had fair to moderate interrater reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.663). Therapist ratings did not strongly correlate with FABQ or TSK-11 scores. Instead, they unexpectedly had stronger associations with ODQ and PCS scores. Both 2-item screening questions were associated with FABQ-physical activity scores, while the fear of physical activity question was also associated with FABQ-work, TSK-11, PCS, and ODQ scores.

Conclusion

Therapists' ratings of perceived patient fear-avoidance were not associated with self-reported fear-avoidance scores, showing a potential disconnect between therapist judgments and commonly used fear-avoidance measures. Instead, therapist ratings had small but statistically significant correlations with pain catastrophizing and disability, findings that may support therapists' inability to discriminate fear-avoidance from these other factors. The 2-item screening questions based on fear of physical activity and harm showed potential to identify elevated FABQ physical activity scores.

Level of Evidence

Differential diagnosis, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(12):774–783.doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3381
Altered Scapular Orientation During Arm Elevation in Patients With Insidious Onset Neck Pain and Whiplash-Associated Disorder
Authors: Helgadottir Harpa , Kristjansson Eythor , Mottram Sarah , Karduna Andrew , Jonsson Halldor
Published: October 2010

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design.

Objectives

To investigate whether there is a pattern of altered scapular orientation during arm elevation in patients with insidious onset neck pain (IONP) and whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) compared to asymptomatic people.

Background

Altered activity in the axioscapular muscles and impairments in scapular orientation are considered to be important features in patients with cervical disorders. Scapular orientation has until now not been investigated in these patients.

Methods

A 3-dimensional tracking device measured scapular orientation during arm elevation in patients with IONP (n = 21) and WAD (n = 23). An asymptomatic group was selected for comparison (n = 20).

Results

The groups demonstrated a significantly reduced clavicle retraction on the dominant side compared to the nondominant side. The WAD group demonstrated an increased elevation of the clavicle compared to the asymptomatic group and the IONP group, and reduced scapular posterior tilt on the nondominant side compared to the IONP group.

Conclusion

Altered dynamic stability of the scapula may be present in patients with cervical disorders, which may be an important mechanism for maintenance of recurrence or exacerbation of symptoms in these patients. Patients with cervical disorders may demonstrate a difference in impairments, based on their diagnosis of IONP or WAD. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(12):784–791. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3405
Immediate Effects of Lumbar Spine Manipulation on the Resting and Contraction Thickness of Transversus Abdominis in Asymptomatic Individuals
Authors: Puentedura Emilio J. , Landers Merrill R. , Hurt Kimberly , Meissner Melissa , Mills Joshua , Young Daniel
Published: October 2010

Study Design

Randomized, blinded, controlled crossover trial.

Objective

To determine if thrust joint manipulation (TJM) to the lumbar spine would result in changes to the resting and contraction thickness of transversus abdominis (TrA) in healthy individuals.

Background

Recent studies have demonstrated an immediate decrease in resting thickness and an increase in contraction thickness in TrA following lumbar TJM in patients with low back pain (LBP) who met a clinical prediction rule (CPR) for spinal manipulation. This observed phenomenon has not been investigated in healthy individuals.

Methods

Thirty-five healthy participants were randomly assigned to receive a TJM or sham manipulation treatment. All participants received instruction on how to produce an isolated concentric contraction of the TrA that involved visual ultrasound imaging biofeedback. Data were analyzed using ultrasound imaging to measure changes in thickness of the TrA at rest and during contraction, following the administration of each treatment.

Results

There were no interactions observed between treatment and time for TrA muscle thickness at rest (P = .351) and during the contracted state (P = .761).

Conclusion

Our results indicate that TJM to the lumbar spine does not appear to affect the resting or contraction thickness of TrA in healthy individuals. These findings are in contrast to previous research in which patients with LBP who met a CPR demonstrated an immediate decrease in resting thickness and an increase in contraction thickness in TrA following lumbar TJM. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(1):13–21, Epub 22 October 2010. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3311
Perspective on Variability in the Development of Human Action
Authors: Fetters Linda
Published: October 2010

Humans are designed not only with variability but for variability. This article explores the important contribution of variability to successful human action. Human systems for action have abundant variability of tissues and processes. This plasticity provides for the necessary flexibility when humans encounter the metric and dynamic changes of growth, development, and adaptation of action across the life span. However, variability must have definable limits. The reduction of possible solutions to probable solutions and the reduction of variability appear to be common assumptions of most theories of human action. The lack of variability of action is a hindrance to the development of skilled, functional action, and excessive variability interferes with the production of automatic, dependable, and typical functional action. The lack of variability and excessive variability are hallmarks of the movement patterns produced by people across the life span following neurological insult. Active problem solving as therapy, with its inherent error as a part of the therapeutic process, is critical to the successful learning of functional actions. The role of the physical therapist is to create movement environments and provide personal and environmental constraints that elicit and support self-produced functional actions.
Motivating Mathematics Learning
Authors: Turner Julianne C. , Warzon Kristen Bogner , Christensen Andrea
Published: October 2010

The authors investigated patterns of change in three middle grade teachers’ beliefs and practices about motivation in mathematics during a yearlong professional development project with a university researcher. Four principles of motivation (and corresponding instructional strategies) were introduced in this sequence: supporting students’ competence, belongingness, autonomy, and making learning meaningful. Teachers enacted strategies in their classrooms, were observed and interviewed, and discussed and reflected on results during monthly meetings. Enactment of motivation strategies was related to changes in mathematics instruction for some teachers. Results reflect the importance of situating motivation strategies in content area instruction and providing adequate support for teacher conceptual change. The authors examine both personal and contextual explanations for changing instructional practices and the obstacles to such changes.
An Integrated Curriculum to Improve Mathematics, Language, and Literacy for Head Start Children
Authors: Fantuzzo John W. , Gadsden Vivian L. , McDermott Paul A.
Published: October 2010

This article reports on the development and field trial of an integrated Head Start curriculum (Evidence-Based Program for Integrated Curricula [EPIC]) that focuses on comprehensive mathematics, language, and literacy skills. Seventy Head Start classrooms ( N = 1,415 children) were randomly assigned to one of two curriculum programs: EPIC or the Developmental Learning Materials Early Childhood Express, with curricula implemented as stand-alone programs. EPIC included instruction in mathematics, language, literacy, and approaches to learning skills; formative assessment; and a learning community for teachers. Multilevel growth modeling through four direct assessments revealed significant main effects and growth rates in mathematics and listening comprehension favoring EPIC, controlling for demographics and special needs and language status. Both programs produced significant growth rates in literacy.
North Country's Hero and Her Cinematic Lawyer: Can “Lawyer Films” and “Women's Films” Merge to Launch a New Feminist Sub-Genre?
Authors: Kamir Orit
Published: October 2010

North Country is a powerful Hollywood depiction of one woman's painful yet triumphant struggle to establish sexual harassment in the workplace as “class action” and to compel a workplace to stop its harassing practices. The article compares the cinematic version to the historical event on which it relies but focuses on reading the film in the context of two prolific and popular, yet very distinct, Hollywood genres: “the woman's film” (including the woman's/maternal melodrama, battered wives films, sexual victims films, blue collar activist women films) and “the law and lawyers film.” Reading North Country along this complex cinematic context reveals how, by implementing unconventional references to familiar Hollywood formulas, the film opens up an innovative possibility, constructing a blue collar woman who, through her war on sexual harassment in the workplace, becomes a social activist and a community leader and prevails on all fronts: in her legal suit, in transforming her community's values, and in regaining her family. By subverting traditional cinematic expectations, the film conveys some very “radical” feminist arguments, including that rape, domestic violence, and sexual harassment in the workplace are means of patriarchal domination and oppression of women and that a woman suffering abuse is not necessarily either a victim or an agent: she can be both. The article poses the question whether the film's intriguing new statement, which yielded some box office success, will turn its formula into a Hollywood “sub-genre.”
The Cook, the Mediator, the Feminist, and the Hero
Authors: Schulz Jennifer L.
Published: October 2010

A feminist interpretive approach to mediation metaphors reveals the feminist jurisprudence in two cooking and conflict resolution films. Chocolat and Fried Green Tomatoes both feature strong female mediators “disguised” as cooks who help others resolve their disputes. Chocolat and Fried Green Tomatoes construct women mediators as feminist heroes and offer feminist jurisprudential commentary. The films’ jurisprudence demonstrates that different kinds of feminism can successfully work together and that the power of patriarchal master narratives can be resisted by employing mediation instead of turning to law. The women mediators in Chocolat and Fried Green Tomatoes maintain their ambitions, obtain legitimacy in the midst of patriarchy, use talk as a resistance technique and narrative as a way to mediate power dynamics, and, in so doing, emerge as fun, feminist heroes.
High: Marijuana, Women, and the Law
Authors: Boyd Susan C.
Published: October 2010

This article provides an analysis of the Canadian full-length feature film High, produced in 1967. It also briefly examines early drug regulation and fictive illegal drug films with a focus on representations of marijuana and women. High captures societal tensions of the 1960s, including women's liberation, counter-culture lifestyles, and marijuana use. Yet it also re-enacts discourse and symbolic frameworks about white women, marijuana, law, and crime. White women's marijuana use is represented as a threat to gender-appropriate norms, respectability, and, ultimately, the family and nation. These frameworks and understandings of marijuana appear to be quite enduring, informing the production of film, policing, law, and the continued regulation of women.
“We-Sisters” and the Rights of Women to Equality: Analysis of Dissenting Opinions Surrounding the Enactment of Bill 63 Amending the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
Authors: Langevin Louise
Published: October 2010

In June 2008, the government of Québec amended the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, adding to section 10, which already prohibits sex discrimination, two sections specifically recognizing women’s equality with men. The enactment of this law recognizing gender equality as a fundamental value of Québec society has raised very important legal, political, and sociological issues. The women’s movement, which had not requested such an amendment and which had not been consulted, was forced to respond to it nonetheless. This amendment brought to the surface the latent debate between “pure laine” feminists and feminists from the cultural communities in Québec—the debate on “we-sisters” (“nous-femmes”). By analyzing the representations made by women’s groups and other social groups before the Social Affairs Commission whose task it was to reflect on Bill 63, this article seeks to explore the various manifestations of dissension on this issue within the Québec feminist movement. The analysis highlights the difficulty of defining “we-sisters,” of building priorities, and of establishing strategies. Is the right to equality still at the heart of women’s demands?
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging–guided tractography with integrated monopolar subcortical functional mapping for resection of brain tumors
Authors: Prabhu Sujit S. , Gasco Jaime , Tummala Sudhakar , Weinberg Jefrey S. , Rao Ganesh
Published: October 2010

Object

The object of this study was to describe the utility and safety of using a single probe for combined intraoperative navigation and subcortical mapping in an intraoperative MR (iMR) imaging environment during brain tumor resection.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed those patients who underwent resection in the iMR imaging environment, as well as functional electrophysiological monitoring with continuous motor evoked potential (MEP) and direct subcortical mapping combined with diffusion tensor imaging tractography.

Results

As a navigational tool the monopolar probe used was safe and accurate. Positive subcortical fiber MEPs were obtained in 10 (83%) of the 12 cases. In 10 patients in whom subcortical MEPs were recorded, the mean stimulus intensity was 10.4 ± 5.2 mA and the mean distance from the probe tip to the corticospinal tract (CST) was 7.4 ± 4.5 mm. There was a trend toward worsening neurological deficits if the distance to the CST was short, and a small minimum stimulation threshold was recorded indicating close proximity of the CST to the resection margins. Gross-total resection (95%–100% tumor removal) was achieved in 11 cases (92%), whereas 1 patient (8%) had at least a 90% tumor resection. At the end of 3 months, 2 patients (17%) had persistent neurological deficits.

Conclusions

The monopolar probe can be safely implemented in an iMR imaging environment both for navigation and stimulation purposes during the resection of intrinsic brain tumors. In this study there was a trend toward worsening neurological deficits if the distance from the probe to the CST was short (< 5 mm) indicating close proximity of the resection cavity to the CST. This technology can be used in the iMR imaging environment as a surgical adjunct to minimize adverse neurological outcomes.
Effects of Various Doses of Selenite on Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.)
Authors: Krystofova Olga , Adam Vojtech , Babula Petr , Zehnalek Josef , Beklova Miroslava , Havel Ladislav , Kizek Rene
Published: October 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of selenium (Se) on the growth, accumulation and possible mechanisms of Se transport in certain parts (roots, leaves, stamp and apex) of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) plants. Se was supplemented by one-shot and two repeated doses to the soil (2.0 and 4.0 mg Se per kg of substrate). Selenium content in roots increased linearly with dose and was significantly higher compared to other plant parts of interest. However, growth of the above-ground parts of plant as well as roots was slightly inhibited with increasing selenium concentration in comparison to the untreated plants. The content of phytochelatin2, a low molecular mass peptide containing a sulfhydryl group, correlated well with the Se content. This suggests a possible stimulation of synthesis of this plant peptide by Se.
Information: A Conceptual Investigation
Authors: Lenski Wolfgang
Published: October 2010

This paper is devoted to a study of the concept of information. We first situate the concept of information within the context of other philosophical concepts. However, an analysis of the concept of knowledge turns out to be the key when clarifying the concept of information. Our investigations produce the ‘missing link’ for the “severely neglected connection between theories of information and theories of knowledge” (Capurro/Hjørland). The results presented here clarify what information is and have the potential to provide answers to several of Floridi’s “open problems in the philosophy of information”.
Observations comparatives sur la contestation de paternité
Authors: Franck Rainer
Published: October 2010

En Europe, la question de savoir sous quelles conditions la paternité fondée sur le mariage ou une reconnaissance doit être contestée, est réglée de façons très différentes. Un des points les plus controversés concerne le fait de savoir s’il faut accepter ou non d’octroyer à celui qui se prétend le père biologique d’un enfant, le droit de remettre en cause la paternité de l’homme juridiquement reconnu comme le père de cet enfant. En Allemagne, on a admis pour la première fois avec la loi du 23 avril 2004 un droit de contestation pour le père biologique. Néanmoins, ce droit de contestation n’est ouvert que sous la stricte condition qu’il n’existe pas entre l’enfant et le père légal une «relation socio-familiale». En droit anglais, une contestation est toujours admise, et ceci de façon large, lorsque l’établissement de la véritable paternité est nécessaire pour le bien être de l’enfant. En Norvège, depuis une réforme de 2002, l’enfant lui-même, chacun de ses parents ainsi que tout tiers qui prétend être le père biologique de cet enfant peut contester la paternité issue d’un mariage ou d’une reconnaissance et ceci, sans être lié par un quelconque délai. La tendance internationale, conformément aux avancées de la médecine moderne, va vers une acceptation de la possibilité, pour le père biologique, d’être également reconnu comme le père légal de l’enfant.
Le statut de l’enfant dans l’Océan indien : l’enfant mahorais
Authors: Cadou Éléonore
Published: October 2010

Historically and geographically attached to the Comores archipelago, Mayotte constitutes an integral part of the French Republic. Its hybrid status allows for the coexistence of those subject to the civil common law and those who, in conformity with article 75 of the Constitution, chose to remain subject to local law. Thus, a large part of the Mahorais is under the jurisdiction of very specific rules, mixed with local customs and Muslim law, the application of which is normally enforced by Muslim traditional courts. The Mahorais children, being particularly affected by the issue of personal status (filiation, parental authority, marriage, name, succession…) are the first to experience the impact of discrepancies resulting from this anomalous situation, where secular rules of the French Republic, African and Malagasy customs as well as local Koranic law are found, often in conflicting relations. A further challenge is posed by the very numerous foreign young population which has settled in the archipelago, and by the pressure placed on the Mahorais youth to adapt to the demands of modernity. The study of the civil and criminal status of the Mahorais child thus reveals the issues at stake which would be posed with the transition of Mayotte into a French Department.
Part respective de la tradition et de la modernité dans les droits de la famille des pays d’Afrique noire francophone
Authors: Thioye Moussa
Published: October 2010

Quand on sait que l’Afrique subsaharienne a été l’une des terres fertiles d’exportation du droit et même des juristes occidentaux, autant par l’invasion physique que par l’invasion intellectuelle, il n’est pas inopportun de se demander si, à l’heure actuelle, les systèmes juridiques du «continent noir» demeurent encore liés par le nombril à celui des anciennes puissances coloniales. Depuis, notamment, ce qu’il été convenu d’appeler «l’arrivée des Blancs» dans ce continent, celui-ci est marqué par un phénomène original de pluralisme juridique où se mêlent droits authentiquement locaux et droits importés de gré ou de force, qu’il s’agisse des droits religieux ou du droit dit moderne. Dans un tel contexte de constante cohabitation ou de confrontation continue entre coutumes ancestrales et règles occidentales, il ne semblait pas superflu de consacrer de nouvelles réflexions sur l’état et le devenir des droits négro-africains à travers leurs diverses sources d’influence. Telle est l’ambition assignée à la présente étude dont le champ est doublement limité, d’une part, à certains pays d’Afrique Noire francophone et, d’autre part, à certaines questions exclusivement relatives au droit de la famille.
Le Habous, le domaine public et le trust
Authors: Khalfoune Tahar
Published: October 2010

Institution tout à fait originale de la chari’a islamique, le habous est l’acte juridique par lequel un bien mobilier ou immobilier est donné par des particuliers ou par l’État au profit d’une oeuvre charitable ou d'utilité publique. Le bien habous bénéficie donc, à ce titre, en droit positif algérien d’une protection spéciale exorbitante du droit commun et, notamment, par la règle d’inaliénabilité. Cette forme de protection particulière des biens

habous n’est pas sans rappeler le régime juridique fort bien connu de la domanialité publique. L’élément commun avec la situation du domaine public tient surtout à la protection de l’affectation donnée au bien. Mais en poussant plus avant l’investigation, on s’aperçoit que les réalités sont plus nuancées, plus complexes et qu’elles révèlent des différences notables entre les deux institutions. Produit du système romano-germanique, le domaine public s’écarte sur plus d’un aspect du habous: celui-ci est l’oeuvre d’un autre contexte et d’un autre système -la

chari’a islamique -qui lui confère une identité et une physionomie propres. Si l’on devait le comparer, on peut dire qu’il présente plus de similitudes avec la notion anglaise de «trust» ou de la notion allemande de «Stiftung», c'est-à-dire de la fondation en droit français, que du domaine public.
Un apport du droit communautaire au droit français des contrats : la notion d’attente légitime
Authors: Aubry Hélène
Published: October 2010

Today, the reference at legitimate expectation is appearing explicitly in French law. This phenomenon essentially proceeds from the influence of European law. With the comparative law and the study of some international conventions, we understand that •legitimate expectation” can become an important judicial notion. This notion deserves therefore to be analysed. It will perhaps be received in the Common Frame of Reference. As a matter of fact the valuation of creditor’s legitimate expectation integrates some news characteristics of contract relation. For example, the increased rule of the information obligation and the development of the formalism appear through the notion of legitimate expectation. In addition to that, when we study the rule that •legitimate expectation” could have in French law, we see that this notion enables to systematize some French law evolutions.
États et religions en Europe : Perspectives financières
Authors: Boudet Jean-François
Published: October 2010

La doctrine dominante admet volontiers une convergence politique de «laïcité ouverte» en Europe. Pourtant, sur le plan financier, le principe de libre exercice des cultes, prolongement de la liberté de conscience et de pensée, met à la charge de l’Ėtat un certain nombre d’ «obligations positives», même dans un régime de séparation et même si l’Ėtat ne subventionne pas officiellement les cultes (financement d’aumôneries et de cours d’instruction religieuse, régime fiscal et domanial favorable…). C’est pourquoi il convient d’affirmer une absence de «modèles» d’Ėtat finançant les communautés religieuses. Les systèmes respectifs de financement des communautés religieuses découlent en effet d’une reconnaissance politique et sociale, inscrite dans l’histoire de chaque Ėtat.
Seed ecology of an invasive alien species, Acacia longifolia (Fabaceae), in Portuguese dune ecosystems
Authors: Marchante Hélia , Freitas Helena , Hoffmann John H.
Published: October 2010

• Premise of the study: Worldwide, invasive plants threaten biodiversity, by disrupting habitats and ecosystem processes, and cause major economic losses. Invasiveness in plants is frequently associated with prolific production of seeds that accumulate in the soil. Knowledge of the extent and persistence of invasive seed banks helps explain invasion processes and enables management planning. A study of Acacia longifolia, an invasive species in Portuguese dune ecosystems, provides an informative example.

• Methods: Seed rain and dispersal (seed traps), the persistence of seeds in the soil (burial), and the extent of seed banks were measured and analyzed.

• Key results: Seed rain is concentrated under the canopy with about 12000 seeds · m–2 falling annually. The number of seeds in the soil declined with time, with only 30% surviving after 75 mo. Losses were lowest at greater depths. Seed germinability was low (<12%), but viability was high (>85%) for surviving seeds. The seed bank under the canopy was approximately 1500 and 500 seeds · m–2 in long‐ and recently invaded stands, respectively. Some seeds were found up to 7 m from the edge of stands, indicating that outside agencies facilitate dispersal.

• Conclusions: Acacia longifolia produces large numbers of seeds, some of which are lost through germination, decay, and granivory. The remainder form vast and persistent seed banks that serve as a source of replenishment and make it difficult to control the invader once it is established. Control costs escalate as the duration of an invasion increases, highlighting the urgency of initiating and persevering with control efforts.
La ville pour nature
Authors: Louiset Odette
Published: October 2010

Résumé Dans la « pensée européenne », « ville » et « nature » sont le plus souvent opposées. La nature dont il sera question ici, n’est pas la « verdure » ou la « nature en ville », thématique si prisée aujourd’hui, mais le fondement de ce qui a été appelé « civilisation ». Autrement dit, la « ville pour nature » cherche s’il est dans la nature de l’humain en société de produire de la ville. C’est une hypothèse à suivre que la figure de l’utopie permet de faire avancer plus loin que le « modèle » dont l’ambivalence de la réduction (scientifique) et de l’exemple (moral) coupe l’effet. Les réactions anti-urbaines prennent tout leur sens quand l’utopie apparaît comme le symétrique humain civilisé de la nature originelle parfaite ; les promotions de l’urbanité aussi quand finalement un classement en ressort comme une notation. Utopie et nature sont donc du même ordre dans les représentations : une perfection de la fin comme relais de la perfection de l’origine.
Le développement urbain durable entre consensus et controverse
Authors: Lévy Jacques
Published: October 2010

Résumé Les principes du développement durable ne sont pas ceux de la préservation de la nature. Cette affirmation engage des controverses appuyées sur des options idéologiques différentes et qui s’expriment dans le débat public. Reportées sur la ville, ces options conduisent à des jugements opposés. Ce texte les explore pour éviter que la ville soit toujours présentée comme la ville de l’industrie ou comme la ville de l’étalement. Selon les modèles d’urbanité, les rapports au développement durable ne peuvent se juger de la même manière, la ville durable étant celle qui se centre sur son métier.
La plage, fabrique d'une touristi(cité) idéale
Authors: Coëffé Vincent
Published: October 2010

Résumé La plage est une invention urbaine, qui existe à la fois en tant que paysage et théâtre social. La classe de loisir en avait fait un nouveau lieu distingué dans la seconde moitié du xvii e siècle, en y occultant le travail. Malgré le fantasme du retour à l’état de nature, la plage reste un lieu organisé par des normes qui permettent aux individus de mettre en scène leur corps. Toutefois, la plage n’est pas qu’un lieu qui conforte les conventions ou les pratiques existantes. Waikiki apparaît ainsi comme un paradigme pour la fabrication de nouvelles manières de faire et d’être qui ont pu faire « modèle ». Plus globalement, la plage peut être comprise comme un lieu de mise à l’épreuve des règles sociales.
Mettre au monde Little Big City
Authors: Chavinier Elsa
Published: October 2010

Résumé Ce cahier hors texte reprend une exposition présentée par le laboratoire Chôros lors de la biennale d’architecture, d’urbanisme et de design, Agora (Bordeaux, mai 2010). Il est organisé autour d’une réflexion sur le lien entre la taille de la ville et le niveau d’urbanité. À quel seuil de taille minimale l’urbanité peut-elle devenir optimale ? À quel seuil la ville passe-t-elle à la métropole, à la porte du monde ?
Patterned Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Turati Mauricio , Gil-Carrasco Felix , Morales Adolfo , Quiroz-Mercado Hugo , Andersen Dan , Marcellino George , Schuele Georg , Palanker Daniel
Published: October 2010

Background and Objective:

A novel computer-guided laser treatment for open-angle glaucoma, called patterned laser trabeculoplasty, and its preliminary clinical evaluation is described.

Patients and Methods:

Forty-seven eyes of 25 patients with open-angle glaucoma received 532-nm laser treatment with 100-μm spots. Power was titrated for trabecular meshwork blanching at 10 ms and sub-visible treatment was applied with 5-ms pulses. The arc patterns of 66 spots rotated automatically after each laser application so that the new pattern was applied at an untreated position.

Results:

Approximately 1,100 laser spots were placed per eye in 16 steps, covering 360° of trabecular meshwork. The intraocular pressure decreased from the pretreatment level of 21.9 ± 4.1 to 16.0 ± 2.3 mm Hg at 1 month (n = 41) and remained stable around 15.5 ± 2.7 mm Hg during 6 months of follow-up (n = 30).

Conclusion:

Patterned laser trabeculoplasty provides rapid, precise, and minimally traumatic (sub-visible) computer-guided treatment with exact abutment of the patterns, exhibiting a 24% reduction in intraocular pressure during 6 months of follow-up (
P
< .01).
Developing and supporting coordinators of structured mentoring schemes in South Africa
Authors: Abbott Penny , Goosen Xenia , Coetzee Jos
Published: October 2010

Orientation: Mentoring is considered to be such an important contributor to accelerated people development in South Africa that structured mentoring schemes are often used by organisations. There are at present few sources of development and support for coordinators of such schemes.Research purpose: The aim of this research is to discover what the characteristics of coordinators of structured mentoring schemes in South Africa are, what is required of such coordinators and how they feel about their role, with a view to improving development and support for them.Motivation for the study: The limited amount of information about role requirements for coordinators which is available in the literature is not based on empirical research. This study aims to supply the empirical basis for improved development and support for coordinators.Research design and method: A purposive sample of 25 schemes was identified and both quantitative and qualitative data, obtained through questionnaires and interviews, were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.Main findings: Functions of coordinators tend to be similar across different types of mentoring schemes. A passion for mentoring is important, as the role involves many frustrations. There is little formalised development and support for coordinators.Practical/managerial implications: The study clarifies the functions of the coordinator, offers a job description and profile and makes suggestions on how to improve the development of the coordinator’s skills.Contribution/value-add: An understanding of what is required from a coordinator, how the necessary knowledge and skills can be developed and how the coordinator can be supported,adds value to an organisation setting up or reviewing its structured mentoring schemes.
Tephrostratigraphy and tephrochronology of lakes Ohrid and Prespa, Balkans
Authors: Sulpizio R. , Zanchetta G. , D'Orazio M. , Vogel H. , Wagner B.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Four cores from Balkans lakes Ohrid and Prespa were examined for recognition of tephra layers and cryptotephras, and the results presented along with the review of data from other two already published cores from Lake Ohrid. The six cores provide a previously unrealised tephrostratigraphic framework of the two lakes, and provide a new tephrostratigraphic profile (composite) for the Balkans, which spans from the end of the Middle Pleistocene to the AD 472. A total of 12 tephra layers and cryptotephras were recognised in the cores. One is of Middle Pleistocene age (131 ka) and correlated to the marine tephra layer P-11 from Pantelleria Island. Eight volcanic layers are Upper Pleistocene in age, and encompass the period between ca. 107 ka and ca. 31 ka. This interval contains some of the main regional volcanic markers of the central Mediterranean area, including X-6, X-5, Y-5 and Y-3 tephra layers. The other layers of this interval have been related to the marine tephra layers C20, Y-6 and C10, while one was for the first time recognised in distal areas and correlated to the Taurano eruption of probable Vesuvian origin. Three cryptotephras were of Holocene age. Two of which have been correlated to Mercato and AD 472 eruptions of Somma-Vesuvius, while the third has been correlated to the FL eruption from Mount Etna. These recognitions provide a link of the Ohrid and Prespa lacustrine successions to other archives of the central Mediterranean area, like south Adriatic, Ionian, and south Tyrrhenian seas, lakes of southern Italy (Lago Grande di Monticchio, Pantano di San Gregorio Magno and Lago di Pergusa) and Balkans (Lake Shkodra).
Identification of a general light use efficiency model for gross primary production
Authors: Horn J. E. , Schulz K.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Non-stationary and non-linear dynamic time series analysis tools are applied to multi-annual eddy covariance and micrometeorological data from 45 FLUXNET sites to derive a light use efficiency model on a daily basis. The extracted typical behaviour of the canopies in response to meteorological forcing leads to a model formulation allowing a variable influence of the model parameters modulating the light use efficiency. Thereby, the model is applicable to a broad range of vegetation types and climatic conditions. The proposed model explains large proportions of the variation of the gross carbon uptake at the study sites while the optimized set of six parameters is well defined. With the parameters showing explainable and meaningful relations to site-specific environmental conditions, the model has the potential to serve as basis for general regionalization strategies for large scale carbon flux predictions.
Past dynamics of the Australian monsoon: precession, phase and links to the global monsoon concept
Authors: Beaufort L. , van der Kaars S. , Bassinot F. C. , Moron V.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Past variations in the dynamics of the Australian monsoon have been estimated from multi-proxy analysis of a core retrieved in the Eastern Banda Sea. Records of coccolith and pollen assemblages, spanning the last 150 000 years, allow reconstruction of past primary production in the Banda Sea, summer moisture availability, and the length of the dry season in northern Australia and southeastern Indonesia. The amount of moisture available during the summer monsoon follows typical glacial/interglacial dynamics with a broad asymmetrical 100-kyr cycle. Primary production and length of the dry season appear to be closely related, given that they follow the precessional cycle with the same phase. This indicates their independence from ice-volume variations. The present inter-annual variability of both parameters is related to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which modulates the Australian Winter Monsoon (AWM). The precessional pattern observed in the past dynamics of the AWM is found in ENSO and monsoon records of other regions. A marked shift in the monsoon intensity occurring during the mid Holocene during a period of constant ice volume, suggests that low latitude climatic variation precedes increases in global ice volume. This precessional pattern suggests that a common forcing mechanism underlies low latitude climate dynamics, acting specifically and synchronously on the different monsoon systems.
Construction of non-diagonal background error covariance matrices for global chemical data assimilation
Authors: Singh K. , Jardak M. , Sandu A. , Bowman K. , Lee M. , Jones D.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Chemical data assimilation attempts to optimally use noisy observations along with imperfect model predictions to produce a better estimate of the chemical state of the atmosphere. It is widely accepted that a key ingredient for successful data assimilation is a realistic estimation of the background error distribution. Particularly important is the specification of the background error covariance matrix, which contains information about the magnitude of the background errors and about their correlations. Most models currently use diagonal background covariance matrices. As models evolve toward finer resolutions, the diagonal background covariance matrices become increasingly inaccurate, since they captures less of the spatial error correlations. This paper discusses an efficient computational procedure for constructing non-diagonal background error covariance matrices which account for the spatial correlations of errors. The benefits of using the non-diagonal covariance matrices for variational data assimilation with chemical transport models are illustrated.
Brief communication "What do we know about freaque waves in the ocean and lakes and how do we know it?"
Authors: Liu P. C. , Wu C. H. , Bechle A. J. , MacHutchon K. R. , Chen H. S.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. We made an objective examination of our present state of knowledge on freaque waves in the ocean and lakes from three separate perspectives: - testimonial – from eyewitness account of actual encounters; - empirical – from available in-situ wave measurements; - conjectural – from academic theoretical formulations; and led to a subjective answer to the posted title question of this paper: we do not know very much about freaque waves in the ocean and lakes! There are really no interconnections among the three perspectives we examined. Put them together however, persuades us to think that freaque waves are really an integral part of the ocean and lakes, they happen not infrequently but we still basically do not know when, where, how, what, and why they will happen. We do not even have as yet a viable definition on the phenomenon. So in order to expect tangible progress in our knowledge to the understanding of freaque waves in the ocean and lakes, we propose to strengthen a key ingredient by further invigorate the empirical aspect of the perspective, specifically making more in-situ spatial wave measurement for freaque wave studies, which is practically non-existence at the present.
A double‐edged sword: Event centrality, PTSD and posttraumatic growth
Authors: Boals Adriel , Schuettler Darnell
Published: October 2010

Previous research has demonstrated negative mental health consequences (including PTSD symptoms) of construing a potentially traumatic event as central to one's identity. In the current paper, we replicated an association between event centrality and PTSD symptoms. We also found event centrality similarly predicts posttraumatic growth (PTG) even after controlling for PTSD symptoms, depression, DSM‐IV A1 and A2 status of the event, coping styles and cognitive processing of the event. Because predictive relationships between event centrality and PTSD symptoms, as well as event centrality and PTG were positive, construing an event as central to one's identity can indeed become a double‐edged sword, allowing for both debilitation and growth. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.