bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of acoustic cavitation in liquid pressurization in narrow tubes
Authors: Tamura S. , Hatakeyama M.
Published: April 2013

The liquid pressurization mechanism in narrow tubes as a result of high intensity ultrasonic field along the irradiation direction is discussed, with a focus on the physical behavior of acoustic cavitation bubbles formed at the tube's open end. The acoustic energy dissipated at the surface of the bubbles results in radiation pressure with a second harmonic frequency (2f). We show here that during the phenomenon, which resembles the functioning an ultrasonic pump, cyclical pressure fluctuations with the second harmonic frequency 2f are observed using a high-response pressure transducer. The maximum value of accumulating pressure is equivalent to the positive peak of the sound pressure in the tube without acoustic cavitation. It can be thought that the cyclic collapse and expansion of acoustic cavitation bubbles at the tube's open end contribute to the control of the inrushing sound pressure. In particular, the transmission behavior of the received pressure in a viscous liquid containing gas bubbles with high number density near the tube's open end (a quantity that is related to the kinematic viscosity of the medium liquid) plays an important role in this pressure accumulation mechanism. A dynamic model of this pressurization phenomenon is also discussed.
Strain effects on the spin polarized electron gas in ABO3/SrTiO3 (A = Pr, Nd and B = Al, Ga) heterostructures
Authors: Nazir S. , Schwingenschlögl U.
Published: April 2013

The spin polarized two dimensional electron gas in the correlated ABO3/SrTiO3 (A = Pr, Nd and B = Al, Ga) heterostructures is investigated by ab-initio calculations using density functional theory. Structural relaxation shows a strong buckling at and near the TiO2 terminated n-type interface (IFs) due to significant TiO6 octahedral distortions. We find in all cases, metallic states in a very narrow region of the SrTiO3, in agreement with experimental results. We demonstrate that the interface magnetism strongly reacts to the magnitude of the lattice strain. The orbital occupations and, hence, the charge carrier density change systematically as a function of the lattice mismatch between the component materials.
Spin polarization switching in monolayer graphene through a Rashba multi-barrier structure
Authors: Zhang Qingtian , Lin Zijing , Chan K. S.
Published: April 2013

We investigate spin dependent transport in monolayer graphene with a spatial modulation of the Rashba spin orbit interaction (RSOI). In this structure, spin polarized current can be generated with spin polarization being a sensitive oscillatory function of the Fermi energy. Rapid reversal of the spin polarization can be realized at some Fermi energies by slight changes in the Fermi energy. The magnitude of the spin polarization depends on the number of RSOI barriers. The switching of the spin polarization in graphene using a Rashba multi-barrier structure is very useful for potential applications in graphene spintronic devices.
High mobility and high on/off ratio field-effect transistors based on chemical vapor deposited single-crystal MoS2 grains
Authors: Wu Wei , De Debtanu , Chang Su-Chi , Wang Yanan , Peng Haibing , Bao Jiming , Pei Shin-Shem
Published: April 2013

We report the electrical characteristics of field-effect transistors (FETs) with single-crystal molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) channels synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). For a bilayer MoS2 FET, the field-effect mobility is ∼17 cm2 V−1 s−1 and the on/off current ratio is ∼108, which are much higher than those of FETs based on CVD polycrystalline MoS2 films. By avoiding the detrimental effects of the grain boundaries and the contamination introduced by the transfer process, the quality of the CVD MoS2 atomic layers deposited directly on SiO2 is comparable to or better than the exfoliated MoS2 flakes. The result shows that CVD is a viable method to synthesize high quality MoS2 atomic layers.
Tuning electronic structure via epitaxial strain in Sr2IrO4 thin films
Authors: Nichols J. , Terzic J. , Bittle E. G. , Korneta O. B. , De Long L. E. , Brill J. W. , Cao G. , Seo S. S. A.
Published: April 2013

We have synthesized epitaxial Sr2IrO4 thin-films on various substrates and studied their electronic structure as a function of lattice-strain. Under tensile (compressive) strain, increased (decreased) Ir-O-Ir bond-angle is expected to result in increased (decreased) electronic bandwidth. However, we have observed that the two optical absorption peaks near 0.5 eV and 1.0 eV are shifted to higher (lower) energies under tensile (compressive) strain, indicating that the electronic-correlation energy is also affected by in-plane lattice-strain. The effective tuning of electronic structure under lattice-modification provides an important insight into the physics driven by the coexisting strong spin-orbit coupling and electronic correlation.
Polarization-independent slow light in annular photonic crystals
Authors: Wu H. , Citrin D. S. , Jiang L. Y. , Li X. Y.
Published: April 2013

A photonic-crystal waveguide hosted in an annular photonic crystal is demonstrated theoretically to realize polarization-independent slow light. Through an appropriate set of design parameters, overlapping regions with constant group index and low group-velocity dispersion for both the transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarizations can be achieved in the common frequency regime of the waveguide modes. Assuming parameters for silicon and air, an optimal structure with group index of 50 and bandwidth of ∼0.1% is found theoretically for polarization-independent slow light in this structure.
Elements of functional genital asymmetry in the cow
Authors: Trigal B. , Díez C. , Muñoz M. , Caamaño J. N. , Goyache F. , Correia-Alvarez E. , Corrales F. J. , Mora M. I. , Carrocera S. , Martin D. , Gómez E.
Published: April 2013

Asymmetry in the cow affects ovarian function and pregnancy. In this work we studied ovarian and uterine asymmetry. Synchronised animals, in which in vitro-produced embryos (n = 30–60) had been transferred on Day 5 to the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (CL), were flushed on Day 8. Ovulatory follicle diameter, oestrus response and total protein flushed did not differ between sides. However, a corpus luteum in the right ovary led to plasma progesterone concentrations that were higher than when it was present in the left ovary. Fewer embryos were recovered from the left than the right horn. Among 60 uterine proteins identified by difference gel electrophoresis, relative abundance of nine (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain; twinfilin, actin-binding protein, homologue 1; enolase 1; pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (rabbit); complement factor B Bb fragment ; albumin; fibrinogen gamma-B chain; and ezrin differed (P < 0.05) between horns. Glucose concentration was higher, and fructose concentration lower, in the left horn. In a subsequent field trial, pregnancy rates after embryo transfer did not differ between horns (51.0 ± 3.6, right vs 53.2 ± 4.7, left). However, Day 7 blood progesterone concentrations differed (P = 0.018) between pregnant and open animals in the left (15.9 ± 1.7 vs 8.3 ± 1.2) but not in the right horn (12.4 ± 1.3 vs 12.4 ± 1.2). Progesterone effects were independent of CL quality (P = 0.55). Bilateral genital tract asymmetry in the cow affects progesterone, proteins and hexoses without altering pregnancy rates.
Five-vertex Archimedean surface tessellation by lanthanide-directed molecular self-assembly
Authors: Écija David , Urgel José I. , Papageorgiou Anthoula C. , Joshi Sushobhan , Auwärter Willi , Seitsonen Ari P. , Klyatskaya Svetlana , Ruben Mario , Fischer Sybille , Vijayaraghavan Saranyan , Reichert Joachim , Barth Johannes V.
Published: April 2013

The tessellation of the Euclidean plane by regular polygons has been contemplated since ancient times and presents intriguing aspects embracing mathematics, art, and crystallography. Significant efforts were devoted to engineer specific 2D interfacial tessellations at the molecular level, but periodic patterns with distinct five-vertex motifs remained elusive. Here, we report a direct scanning tunneling microscopy investigation on the cerium-directed assembly of linear polyphenyl molecular linkers with terminal carbonitrile groups on a smooth Ag(111) noble-metal surface. We demonstrate the spontaneous formation of fivefold Ce–ligand coordination motifs, which are planar and flexible, such that vertices connecting simultaneously trigonal and square polygons can be expressed. By tuning the concentration and the stoichiometric ratio of rare-earth metal centers to ligands, a hierarchic assembly with dodecameric units and a surface-confined metal–organic coordination network yielding the semiregular Archimedean snub square tiling could be fabricated.
Reading Early Modern literature through OED3
Authors: Goodland Giles
Published: April 2013

We may think we know what a neologism is, but it is hard to isolate the nature of the moment in which neologizing occurs. In literature sometimes this moment is enacted for effects that may not belong to the discourses of normal communication, and these effects are compounded when it is a loan-neologism. The Early Modern period was one of increasing contact between the languages of Europe, and literature responded to this in a variety of ways. This paper looks at neologistic borrowings into English literature, using a selection of canonical authors as refracted through the Oxford English Dictionary, to see if they can tell us something about the porousness of literary language in this period. Keywords: Oxford English Dictionary; Shakespeare; Jonson; Dryden; Skelton; loan word; neologism
‘Fause Frenche Enough’
Authors: Crunelle-Vanrigh Anny
Published: April 2013

The English language lesson scene in Shakespeare’s Henry V has attracted more critical attention for its sexual innuendoes than for its political significance even though King Henry was historically instrumental in the demise of French in medieval England. Closely modeled on early modern primers, the language lesson is a stage metaphor of the king’s language policy, and settles old ideological scores by canceling the effects of the Norman Conquest. Traces of insular French in Kate’s morphosyntactic idiosyncrasies serve the political agenda of a play chronicling the process that took the French tongue from authority to disempowerment. Keywords: Shakespeare; Henry V; language primers; French; Anglo-French
Female multilingualism in William Shakespeare and George Peele
Authors: Keinänen Nely
Published: April 2013

While there is overlap in the ways that Peele and Shakespeare make use of female multilingualism in their plays, Peele’s repertoire is wider than Shakespeare’s, and he also seems to trust his audience will understand more complex code-switches from foreign languages. Shakespeare includes women who are resolutely monolingual in a multilingual context, highlighting the importance of English for personal and political identity. Both authors include characters who are shown understanding but not using foreign languages, perhaps reflecting cultural anxiety about educated women. In Peele, a wider range of women are shown code-switching, and Peele uses extended foreign language code-switches to highlight moments of high emotion, with Italian suggesting dangerous female sexuality and Latin evoking purity. Keywords: William Shakespeare; George Peele; female code-switching; women’s language
Strategic maneuvering as an epistolary strategy, anno 1610
Authors: Jansen Jeroen
Published: April 2013

Around 1610 the Dutch author Gerbrand Bredero wrote a letter to his painting teacher Francesco Badens, asking for the loan of a painting to make a copy of it. The act of writing (a letter) asks for a proactive role in managing the reader(s)’ reactions. Although at first sight the letter may look like no more than a simple, insignificant and most of all polite piece of correspondence, it is argued that, from the viewpoint of strategic maneuvering, Bredero’s approach may be considered as a well-thought-out and potentially effective strategy, contributing to pinning Badens to a promise. An analysis from the perspective of argumentation theory allows us a better understanding of certain characteristics in this letter. Bredero’s choice from the ‘topical potential’ especially finds expression in proleptic formulated objections of the addressee to fulfilling his promise. Starting the letter from the seemingly low power situation of a pupil asking his master to do something, in every stage of the communication Bredero is aiming at a reasonable balance and turning this balance to his own advantage at the same time.
Strategic maneuvering through shifting ideographs in political discourse
Authors: Pietrucci Pamela
Published: April 2013

Politicians often need to appeal to a composite audience characterized by heterogeneous values and beliefs. In order to do so, they turn to techniques of ambiguity that make their positions seem broadly applicable. This essay is an analysis of the rhetorical strategy employed by Silvio Berlusconi in his first Liberation Day speech, which illustrates an example of strategic maneuvering through shifting ideographs in political discourse, a rhetor’s persuasion technique that succeeded in manufacturing consent across an ideologically polarized audience.

Strategically shifting ideographs by replacing  with , Berlusconi successfully crafted a speech that was received favorably by most of the nation’s political forces. The center-left coalition interpreted the speech positively, describing it as a welcome and unexpected display of bipartisanship because of Berlusconi’s endorsement of the values of the Resistance; the center-right also praised Berlusconi’s speech because they saw it as a historical and partisan revision of Liberation; finally, only the radical extra-parliamentary left harshly critiqued it for what they saw as Berlusconi’s cynical efforts to exploit the celebration.
From mousedeer to alien creatures
Authors: Muthalib Hassan
Published: April 2013

Cinema in the Malay Archipelago can be said to have first come into being with the wayang kulit (Malay shadow play) due to the similar apparatus utilized, i.e., a white screen; the projection of moving images with the accompaniment of dialogue, sound effects, and music. Wayang kulit can also be designated as the first “animated cartoon” because the shadow puppets’ arms and mouth are made to move through manipulation of the articulating parts as in the technique of cutout animation. The main difference between the two art forms is that while wayang kulit movements are created in real time, cutout animation would be laboriously created frame by frame under an animation camera. None of the traditional art forms of Malaysia was any inspiration for early animators (as Chinese shadow puppets had been for the making of Lotte Reiniger’s The Adventures of Prince Achmed, a silhouette animation film made in 1926). The inspiration was only to emerge very much later in the works of film and animation school students’ almost a half century after the first animation film was made in the country.
On mediators’ management of disagreement with disputants in Chinese televised dispute mediation
Authors: An Mei-li  , Peng Ming-e
Published: April 2013

This study examines acts of disagreement presented in televised dispute mediation in China, to identify and account for characteristic features of the ways in which Chinese mediators convey disagreement. The research reveals that mediators’ disagreements lack many of the common features of everyday conversation, and use both non-straightforward and straightforward ways of expression. The preferred methods of expressing disagreement are salient features of Chinese discourse, and differ from those used in western mediation.
Children of immigrants and social mobility in officially bilingual societies
Authors: Alarcón Amado , Garzón Luis
Published: April 2013

This article analyses the role of language in the intra- and intergenerational social mobility of Argentinean, Colombian and Moroccan immigrants in Catalonia, an officially bilingual society. We start from the notion that the knowledge and use of and attachment to local languages are affected by the range and importance of opportunities for social mobility offered by the host society. Empirical evidence is based on 45 biographical interviews with members of first generation immigrant groups and their children (raised in Catalonia and currently living outside the family home). We show that the attitudes towards and use of the Catalan language depend on expectations and constraints with regard to upward social mobility. This article questions the causal relationship between languages spoken and job opportunities, postulated by means of the theory of human capital whereby language is only considered as a competitive advantage on the basis of its communicative value.
Lifetime Prevalence of Alcohol and Substance Use in Egypt: A Community Survey
Authors: Hamdi Emad , Gawad Tarek , Khoweiled Aref , Sidrak Albert Edward , Amer Dalal , Mamdouh Rania , Fathi Heba , Loza Nasser
Published: April 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of substance use and addiction in Egypt and study its sociodemographic correlates. Method: A total of 44,000 subjects were interviewed from 8 governorates by stratified sampling. A questionnaire derived from the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was individually administered. Results: The lifetime prevalence of any substance use varies between 7.25% and 14.5%. One-month prevalence varies between 5.4% and 11.5% when adjusted to different population parameters. A total of 4832 subjects were identified as using illicit substances at least once in their life (9.6%), including 1329 experimental and social use (3.3%), 1860 regular use (4.64%), and 629 substance dependence (1.6%). The prevalence of substance use in males is 13.2% and 1.1% in females. Prevalence increases significantly in males of Bedouin origin, in seaside governorates, with lesser levels of education, and in certain occupations. The 15–19 age group showed the highest onset of substance use. Cannabis is the drug mostly misused in Egypt; alcohol is a distant second. Conclusions: The prevalence of substance use is lower than Western countries and higher compared with a 1996 survey. The true population prevalence is probably higher due to underreporting. The demographic pattern reflects availability and accessibility to drugs.
Dissemination and Implementation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Stimulant Dependence: A Randomized Trial Comparison of 3 Approaches
Authors: Rawson Richard A. , Rataemane Solomon , Rataemane Lusanda , Ntlhe Nomvuyo , Fox Ruthlyn Sodano , McCuller Jason , Brecht Mary-Lynn
Published: April 2013

Background: This study evaluated the effectiveness of 3 approaches to transferring cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to addiction clinicians in the Republic of South Africa (RSA). Methods: Clinicians ( N = 143) were assigned to 3 training conditions: ( 1 ) an in vivo (IV) approach in which clinicians received in-person training and coaching; ( 2 ) a distance learning (DL) approach providing training via videoconference and coaching through teleconferencing; and ( 3 ) a control condition (C) providing a manual and 2-hour orientation. Results: Frequency of use of CBT skills increased significantly with the IV and DL approaches compared with the C approach, and the IV approach facilitated greater use of CBT skills than the DL approach. During the active phase of the study, skill quality declined significantly for clinicians trained in the C condition, whereas those in the DL approach maintained skill quality and those in the IV approach improved skill quality. After coaching was discontinued, clinicians in the IV and DL approaches declined in skill quality. However, those in the IV approach maintained a higher level of skill quality compared with the other approaches. Cost of the IV condition was double that of the DL condition and 10 times greater than the C condition. Conclusions: In vivo supervision and distance learning methods appear to be effective dissemination and implementation strategies, and distance learning has significant potential to be less costly.
Deliberate Self-Harm, Substance Use, and Negative Affect in Nonclinical Samples: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moller Carl I. , Tait Robert J. , Byrne Don G.
Published: April 2013

Background and Method: A systematic literature review was conducted to examine associations between self-harm, substance use, and negative affect in nonclinical samples. Results: Forty-two articles describing 36 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicated that individuals who engage in substance use are significantly more likely to engage in self-harm. It was also found that negative affective states such as depression and anxiety are consistently associated with self-harm. Conclusions: These findings provide some guidance in identifying those who are at increased risk of self-harm. Reducing these risk factors could be an important strategy in preventing self-harm behavior in the general population.
Expert-Recommended Warnings for Medical Marijuana
Authors: Malouff John M. , Rooke Sally E.
Published: April 2013

Medical marijuana is legal in some countries, including in many US states. At present, there are no government-mandated warnings on packages of marijuana, even though the substance has dangers similar to those of alcohol, tobacco, and various prescribed drugs. This article reports the results of an effort to collect marijuana warnings recommended by scientific experts on marijuana. The recommended warnings, the first ever from marijuana experts, come from 13 experts. The expert-recommended warnings pertain to risks relating to (1) safety, (2) physical health, (3) fetal harm, (4) mental health, (5) withdrawal and dependence, and (6) adolescent development. The results provide initial expert recommendations for warnings to be required on packages of medical marijuana.
Dual effects of Ral-activated pathways on p27 localization and TGF-β signaling
Authors: Tazat Keren , Harsat Meirav , Goldshmid-Shagal Ayelet , Ehrlich Marcelo , Henis Yoav I.
Published: April 2013

Constitutive activation or overactivation of Ras signaling pathways contributes to epithelial tumorigenesis in several ways, one of which is cytoplasmic mislocalization of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1(p27). We previously showed that such an effect can be mediated by activation of the Ral-GEF pathway by oncogenic N-Ras. However, the mechanism(s) leading to p27 cytoplasmic accumulation downstream of activated Ral remained unknown. Here, we report a dual regulation of p27 cellular localization by Ral downstream pathways, based on opposing effects via the Ral effectors RalBP1 and phospholipase D1 (PLD1). Because RalA and RalB are equally effective in mislocalizing both murine and human p27, we focus on RalA and murine p27, which lacks the Thr-157 phosphorylation site of human p27. In experiments based on specific RalA and p27 mutants, complemented with short hairpin RNA–mediated knockdown of Ral downstream signaling components, we show that activation of RalBP1 induces cytoplasmic accumulation of p27 and that this event requires p27 Ser-10 phosphorylation by protein kinase B/Akt. Of note, activation of PLD1 counteracts this effect in a Ser-10–independent manner. The physiological relevance of the modulation of p27 localization by Ral is demonstrated by the ability of Ral-mediated activation of the RalBP1 pathway to abrogate transforming growth factor-β–mediated growth arrest in epithelial cells.
Subepicardial dysfunction leads to global left ventricular systolic impairment in patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2I
Authors: Hollingsworth Kieren G. , Willis Tracey A. , Bates Matthew G.D. , Dixon Ben J. , Lochmüller Hanns , Bushby Kate , Bourke John , MacGowan Guy A. , Straub Volker
Published: April 2013

Aim

The mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2I (LGMD2I) are unclear. This study assessed deficits in cardiac morphology, function, and metabolism quantitatively in patients with a confirmed genetic diagnosis of the homozygous c.826C > A FKRP (fukutin‐related protein) mutation, using a comprehensive magnetic resonance (MR) examination.

Methods and results

Ten patients (7 male and 3 female) and 10 matched control subjects were recruited prospectively. Cardiac morphology by cine imaging, cardiac torsion and strain by MR tagging, and cardiac energetics by phosphorus‐31 MR spectroscopy were measured. LGMD2I subjects were found to have a significant reduction in peak cardiac torsion (3.9 ± 1.3° vs. 6.4 ± 1.5°, P = 0.04), and in the ratio of torsion to endocardial strain (0.31 ± 0.05 vs. 0.51 ± 0.14, P = 0.03), compared with control subjects. The impairment in torsion correlated strongly with reduction in EF (r = 0.93, P < 0.001). Peak circumferential and longitudinal strains were preserved in the patients, however [LGMD2I, 16.4 ± 3.2% vs. 18.3 ± 3.5%, non‐significant (NS); and LGMD2I, 17.0 ± 3.0% vs. 18.4 ± 3.5%, NS]. Cardiac cine analysis demonstrated reduced EF (47 ± 7% vs, 58 ± 4%, P = 0.02) and stroke volume (61 ± 11 mL vs. 81 ± 13 mL, P = 0.04), though no evidence of LV hypertrophy was found. The ratio of phosphocreatine to ATP (PCr/ATP) was reduced in the LGMD2I subjects compared with controls (1.50 ± 0.24 vs. 1.94 ± 0.12, P = 0.0001).

Conclusions

The loss of torsion with preservation of circumferential and longitudinal strain in LGMD2I is a unique finding and suggests subepicardial dysfunction with abnormal transmission of force across the cardiac wall.
Fundamental solutions of penny-shaped and half-infinite plane cracks embedded in an infinite space of one-dimensional hexagonal quasi-crystal under thermal loading
Authors: Li X.-Y.
Published: April 2013

This paper presents fundamental solutions for an infinite space of one-dimensional hexagonal quasi-crystal medium, which contains a penny-shaped or half-infinite plane crack subjected to two identical thermal loadings on the upper and lower crack lips. In view of the symmetry of the problem with respect to the crack plane, the original problem is transformed to a mixed boundary problem for a half-space, which is solved by means of a generalized method of potential theory conjugated with the newly proposed general solutions. When the cracks are under the action of a pair of point temperature loadings, fundamental solutions in terms of elementary functions are derived in an exact and complete way. Important parameters in crack analyses such as stress intensity factors and crack surface displacements are presented as well. The underlying relations between the fundamental solutions for the two cracks involved in this paper are discovered. The temperature fields associated with these two cracks are retrieved in alternative manners. The obtained solutions are of significance to boundary element analysis, and have an important role in clarifying simplified studies and serving as benchmarks for computational fracture mechanics can be expected to play.
Technology transfer in proto‐professional accounting
Authors: Keenan Michael G.
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show how accounting technology transfers from the centre of the British Empire contributed to the early professionalisation of accounting and auditing practices in a New Zealand public utility company – the Auckland Gas Company – while it was operating in a colonial, pioneer, settler society.

Design/methodology/approach

An explanatory historical narrative links the company's inward transfers of accounting technology to the developing professionalisation of its accounting practices. Different analytical frameworks are used to combine the two components of the narrative: those of Jeremy for technology transfers, and Carnegie and Edwards for stages in the professionalisation process. The narrative is informed by archival research on the annual reports and financial statements of the company, and the minutes of its directors' meetings.

Findings

Accounting technology transfers are identified in the company's adoption of British accounting regulations, its appointment of skilled immigrants, and their adoption of contemporary English gas companies' accounting practices. Proto‐professional accounting, i.e. the earliest stage of accounting professionalisation as the practice changes from non‐professional to professional, is evidenced in the change in accountants' and auditors' work from unpaid to paid, and in their exercise of more specialised skills. Effects of technology transfer on the professionalisation of the company's accounting practices are traced through changes in its accounting methods, internal control systems, external reporting forms, and the auditing of its accounts.

Originality/value

The paper's focus on technology transfer in proto‐professional accounting in a New Zealand setting is an original contribution to the literature on accounting technology transfers between different countries in different periods.
Relationships between ethical climate, justice perceptions, and LMX
Authors: Fein Erich C. , Tziner Aharon , Lusky Liat , Palachy Ortal
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of ethical climate and organizational justice perceptions on the quality of manager‐employee relationships via leader‐member exchange (LMX). It also aims to explore differences between distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice perceptions as related to LMX. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relative strength of connections between ethical climate, these three types of justice perceptions, and LMX.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was conducted via survey administration of questionnaires. The sample consisted of 105 working adults in an Israeli telecommunications company.

Findings

It was found that there was a significant positive relationship between perceived interactional justice and levels of LMX. No significant relationships were present between LMX and the other types of justice perceptions. Furthermore, it was discovered that there was a significant positive relationship between ethical climate and LMX. As an important, unexpected finding the study discovered a significant negative relationship between ethical climate and procedural justice.

Originality/value

This is one of the few studies to examine the effects of justice perceptions together with ethical climate perceptions on LMX. As such, these findings offer guidance in the development and implementation of further studies to examine the linkages between these constructs. In particular, it suggests that these findings provide a framework for examining the potential moderating role of ethical climate in the relationship between interactional justice perceptions and LMX.
The impact of institutional variables in new high‐tech product development processes
Authors: Shekhar Mishra Shashi , Saji K.B.
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is first, to identify the institutional variables that influence the technology acquisition intent (TAI) in new high‐tech product development (NPD) process; second, to identify and confirm the consequence of TAI in the Stage‐Gate system of NPD process; and third, to validate the moderating role of Perceived Risk and Project Duration on the “TAI to new product commercialization (NPC) relationship” in the NPD process.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design for this generic study involved two phases: exploratory and descriptive. The theoretical framework emanated from the exploratory phase and is validated by conducting a global survey on 215 high‐tech product marketing firms.

Findings

The institutional variables – Dominant Design and Network Externalities – directly influence a firm's TAI that in turn leads to NPC. While the study confirms that the longer project duration negatively moderates to TAI to NPC relationship, no support was found for the influence of increased risk perception on the same.

Practical implications

The study explains the rationale for marketer's efforts toward dominant design and network externalities. Also, the NPD teams should be cautious about project duration, as uncertainty associated with longer project duration reduces the TAI, and thereby inhibits the successful NPC.

Originality/value

By empirically investigating the influence of institutional variables on a firm's TAI, the study significantly contributes to extant theories on NPD. Also, the study results have significant implications for high‐tech product marketing theory and practice in the context of emerging market economies.
Challenges in Western‐Chinese business relationships: the Chinese perspective
Authors: Jin Byoungho , Yu Hong , Hye Kang Ji
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify fundamental business practice differences that resulted from cultural differences between China and the West and to examine if traditional Chinese values and modern values coexist in the business context.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, ten one‐on‐one and two focus group interviews with Chinese business people involved in transactions with the USA were conducted in China.

Findings

The findings largely confirmed the significant influence of core Chinese traditional values on business practices in China. Contemporary business practices in China were found to be adapting to Western cultures in the presence of dynamic economic and social transitions.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study are based on a series of interviews conducted in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen with selected Chinese businesses. While this initial data from the Chinese perspective provides valuable insights, inclusion of a diverse population would provide richer understanding.

Originality/value

Based on findings, this study concludes that approaching China only with its traditional values limits understanding of the country's reality. Detailed practical implications based on findings are suggested.
Optimization of mean life of brands under cost constraints with an empirical study on mobile handsets
Authors: Tiwari Anupama , Roy Dilip
Published: April 2013

Purpose

To a customer, higher quality is synonymous to higher expected life. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the existing life of the competing brands in a product field and suggest an improvement plan, under cost constraints, so that all the brands can be placed on a comparable scale.

Design/methodology/approach

For this, we consider Cox proportional hazard model for estimation of the mean life and suggest an optimization procedure for improving mean life under cost constraint. As the cost of redesigning the product is mostly known, the authors propose to take corresponding repairing cost as their surrogates and optimize the expected life for each brand subject to a fixed level of cost.

Findings

From Cox's model one can identify the causes of failure for the brands under consideration. Further, under the optimization techniques proposed herein one can order the brands for comparison purpose.

Practical implications

We have applied the proposed optimization techniques for ordering mobile handsets. In fact, based on the result obtained by our proposed method, the design engineers or the brand planners can take necessary actions to increase the product life, correct product design and improve the product performance.

Originality/value

The cost minimization approach under Cox's cause‐wise setup can provide a tool for comparing different brands of different prices and order them to know the best performer.
Workplace bullying as a gendered phenomenon
Authors: Salin Denise , Hoel Helge
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to argue that bullying is a gendered, rather than gender‐neutral, phenomenon.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews empirical findings on gender and bullying and identifies and discusses theoretical frameworks that can provide explanations for identified gender differences.

Findings

The paper shows that there are gender differences not only in reported prevalence rates and forms of bullying, but that gender also matters for the way targets and third parties make sense of and respond to bullying. It is shown that gendered conceptions of power, gender role socialisation theory and social identity theory are all relevant for explaining reported gender differences.

Research limitations/implications

The theoretical frameworks that have been selected should not be seen as exhaustive, but rather as useful examples. The authors encourage researchers in the field of bullying to pursue cross‐disciplinary research and actively apply existing theoretical frameworks to integrate their findings more firmly in existing research on related themes.

Practical implications

The finding that bullying is gendered rather than gender‐neutral has implications above all for the way managers, organisational representatives and policy‐makers should address and prevent workplace bullying.

Originality/value

The paper questions the prevailing notion that bullying is gender‐neutral and demonstrates the importance of gender in the experience of workplace bullying. It further identifies gaps in research and puts forward an agenda for future research in this area.
New analytical method for the study of natural convection flow of a non‐Newtonian fluid
Authors: Rashidi M.M. , Hayat T. , Keimanesh M. , Hendi A.A.
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the natural convection flow of an incompressible third grade fluid between two parallel plates. The basic equations governing the flow are reduced to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation.

Design/methodology/approach

The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equation is solved by multi‐step differential transform method (MDTM).

Findings

The obtained solutions in comparison with the numerical solutions (fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta) admit a remarkable accuracy.

Originality/value

The analysis illustrates the validity and the great potential of the MDTM in solving nonlinear differential equations.
Numerical study on fiber suspensions in non‐isothermal viscoelastic media
Authors: Ruan Chunlei , Ouyang Jie , Zhang Hongping
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the macroscopic and microscopic fields of fiber suspensions in the non‐isothermal situations, also to examine the effect of fiber on this non‐isothermal system.

Design/methodology/approach

Control equations are coupled and simultaneously solved by collocated finite volume method on fully triangular meshes.

Findings

Temperature dependence and wall temperature have significant effect on both macroscopic and microscopic fields of fiber suspensions. Moreover, the influence of fiber on the non‐isothermal system is similar to that of the isothermal system.

Originality/value

This is the first time that the microstructures of both molecules and fibers are presented in the non‐isothermal condition and it is hoped that the results will provide more insight into the microscopics of complex flows.
Non‐Newtonian boundary layer flow induced by a permeable surface stretched with prescribed skin velocity
Authors: Postelnicu A. , Pop I.
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the steady flow of a non‐Newtonian power‐law type fluid over a permeable stretching surface. The surface is stretched with a prescribed skin velocity following a power‐law variation along its length.

Design/methodology/approach

Using appropriate similarity variables and boundary layer approximations, the continuity and momentum equations are reduced to an ordinary differential equation subject to appropriate transformed boundary conditions, with three dimensionless parameters: the power‐law index of the non‐Newtonian fluid, suction/injection parameter and the power law index of the skin velocity. These equations are solved numerically by using the fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta integration algorithm coupled with a conventional shooting procedure. Comparisons with closed form analytical solutions obtained for the case of Newtonian fluid by previous authors are also performed.

Findings

It was found that the dimensionless entrainment velocity decreases with the power exponent m, of the prescribed skin velocity, irrespective of the non‐Newtonian fluid nature, for both impermeable and permeable surfaces. Large rates of injection lead to very large values of the skin friction, the effect being more intense for small values of the dimensionless flow index n. At the same rate of the injection/suction, the skin friction S is increased when the surface is stretched linearly than uniformly.

Practical implications

This type of problem has potential to serve as a prototype for many manufacturing processes such as rolling sheet drawn from a die, cooling and/or drying of paper and textile, manufacturing of polymeric sheets, sheet glass and crystalline materials, etc.

Originality/value

A thorough analysis of the hydrodynamics of a stretching surface is performed in the present paper, by combining analytical and numerical means. The topics covered here (Ostwald‐de Waele power‐law fluid + prescribed skin velocity + permeability of the stretching surface) seem to be not reported till now in the literature.
Information needs and seeking behaviours of nurses
Authors: Baro Emmanuel E. , Ebhomeya Loveth
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the information needs of nurses in two hospitals in Nigeria and the ways in which they went about attempting to meet those needs.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is a descriptive survey of nurses at the Federal Medical Center (FMC), Yenagoa, and Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital (NDU‐TH), Okolobiri, in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Findings

The main reasons that motivated nurses to search for information were better patient care, improved medication administration, and better job performance. The main types of information needed by the nurses were how to avoid contracting HIV‐AIDS from patients, information about the outbreak of diseases and new discoveries in nursing. They were hampered by their inability to access foreign nursing journals and a lack of awareness of how to use medical databases. This could be due to a lack of funding to subscribe to local and foreign journals, and lack of education and training in the skills of using medical databases.

Originality/value

This type of information may prove useful to decision makers such as unit managers, directors of nursing services, and hospital executives.
The implementation process of alcohol policies in eight Swedish football clubs
Authors: Geidne Susanna , Quennerstedt Mikael , Eriksson Charli
Published: April 2013

Purpose

Alcohol stands in an ambiguous relationship to sports, and there is a common belief that participation in sports prevents alcohol consumption. Although this is not always the case, sports clubs can be important settings for health promoting alcohol policy interventions .The purpose of this paper is to explore the process of implementing alcohol policies in eight football clubs in Sweden and, in particular, how the implementation process is conveyed in the clubs’ alcohol policy projects, the similarities and differences between this case study and Durlak and DuPre's implementation model and the recommendations for successful alcohol policy implementation in relation to the result.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 15 semi‐structured interviews on the subject of sports’ club alcohol policies were conducted with project leaders and board members from eight sports clubs. The interviews were analysed using Durlak and DuPre's model of factors affecting implementation processes.

Findings

The results show that almost all the factors in Durlak and DuPre's model were comprehensively manifested in the football clubs’ alcohol policy projects, although with slightly different significance and emphases.

Practical implications

The results are discussed in relation to recommendations for successful alcohol policy implementation in sports clubs. Recommendations are presented in six areas: an explicit message; fit; internal policy dissemination; alcohol policy as a part of overall policy; support; and actors.

Originality/value

Many sports clubs do an excellent job of implementing alcohol policies successfully and it is imperative to incorporate their “good” practices into research and provide assistance to those whose policies and practice are less developed.
Who suffers pluralistic ignorance of conflict avoidance among Japanese?
Authors: Saito Takashi , Ohbuchi Ken‐ichi
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine individual differences in the susceptibility to pluralistic ignorance of avoidance among Japanese by measuring the value of social harmony.

Design/methodology/approach

Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of a concern for social harmony on pluralistic ignorance of conflict avoidance among Japanese, hypothesizing that the pluralistic ignorance of avoidance will occur more frequently among those with a low regard for the value of social harmony than those with a high regard.

Findings

Consistent with the hypothesis, pluralistic ignorance occurred only among Japanese participants with a low regard for the value of social harmony and not among those who valued it highly.

Originality/value

These findings suggest that those who have a different stance from the cultural value feel a normative pressure by the biased perception of others' behavior due to pluralistic ignorance, which, as a result, works to preserve the predominant cultural value.
Miracle that never was: disaggregated level of inequality in Indonesia
Authors: Zulfan Tadjoeddin Mohammad
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The paper aims at re‐examining the notion of low and stable income inequality during the high growth period of Indonesia (1970s‐1990s).

Design/methodology/approach

Different approaches are used to reassess the low and stable trend of the overall inequality at the national level such as assets concentration and functional income inequality. Disaggregated inequality at district level is conducted by treating municipalities as growth centres and estimated using the random and fixed effects models as well as the GMM estimation.

Findings

Alternative measures of income inequality have indicated that economic inequality in Indonesia was not as low as it was perceived and exhibited an increasing trend during the period associated with the miracle. Furthermore, using the Susenas‐based Gini coefficient, across‐district analysis of inequality indicates the presence of inverted‐U Kuznets curve of income and inequality, which could not be empirically observed when the analysis is based on time series data of aggregate Gini measure at the national level.

Originality/value

The paper challenges the notion of the East Asian economic miracle in the case of Indonesia. It provides some evidence of the Kuznets curve relationship between income and inequality within a country based on cross‐districts exercise.