bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Names and the Temporal Life of Ownership
Authors: Moutu Andrew
Published: April 2014

This chapter examines some aspects of totemic names and the connection to kinship and marriage practices. It attempts to conceptualise relationships in ontological terms by identifying and employing four Western philosophical concepts — immanence and transcendence, necessity and contingency — and concretizes the nature of this conceptual approach by introducing further ethnographic material from neighbouring societies. The chapter opens with a discussion of Iqwaye and Iatmul, showing how the ontological issues of immanence and transcendence are located in social relations. It then considers the issues of necessity and contingency as they appear in the context of kinship and clan organization amongst the Iatmul and the Manambu. A theoretical dimension of this discussion concerns the manner in which time and relationships function in affecting and coordinating the behaviour of ownership. Since Iatmul names are generally considered as abundant in stock, and since they serve as vectors of integral relationships, another theoretical interest of the chapter relates to the question of the connection between relationships and infinity.
Introduction: public policy at a crossroads
Authors: Taylor-Gooby Peter
Published: April 2014

This chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to examine the basic questions that confront twenty-first century policy-making: finding a way forward for the British economy; the dilemma of coping with rising demand in the context of limited resources; how to respond to climate change; managing ethnic diversity as multiculturalism appears to have lost its way; whether demographic change equates with a growing burden of dependency; under what circumstances localism helps resolve concentrated neighbourhood problems; and how to overcome public disaffection with politics. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
Targumim
Authors: Ben-Eliyahu Eyal , Cohn Yehudah , Millar Fergus
Published: April 2014

This chapter describes the following texts: Targumim to the Pentateuch (Targum Onqelos, Targum Neofiti, Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, and Fragment Targumim); and Targumim to the Prophets (Targum Jonathan of the Prophets and Targumic Toseftot). For each of these texts, details on the contents, dating, language, printed editions, translations, commentaries, bibliography, electronic resources and manuscripts are provided.
Introduction
Authors: Chumakina Marina
Published: April 2014

This introductory chapter defines periphrasis and briefly discusses previous studies of the phenomenon (types of periphrasis and defining criteria previously suggested). It outlines the typological diversity of periphrasis in terms of the word classes involved and the grammatical features realized by it, both typical and exotic. Then the discussion turns to the most common functions of periphrasis, such as making the inflectional paradigm of a language complete, and to the interaction of periphrasis with other morphological and syntactic phenomena of the given language. Since several chapters in the volume employ a set of criteria for periphrasis worked out within the Canonical Typology approach, these are listed in the introduction. The criteria prove valuable for the analysis of less familiar instances of periphrasis, such as nominal case in Nenets, the large periphrastic paradigms of Archi verb, and embedded periphrasis in Bulgarian. Finally, there is an outline of the chapters which make up the volume.
Periphrasis in the Sanskrit Verb System*
Authors: Stump Gregory
Published: April 2014

Ancient Sanskrit had two tenses of particular interest: periphrastic perfect and periphrastic future. At first glance, they are rather similar: both realize a particular value of tense through a combination of a lexical verb (devoid of personal agreement) and an agreeing auxiliary. There are, however, important differences which are revealed in this chapter: the periphrastic future is available for every verb, and can be distinguished from the synthetic future on semantic grounds, while the periphrastic perfect is available only for certain verbs, and these do not make up a semantically homogeneous group. A formal analysis is proposed, within Paradigm Function Morphology, for the two periphrastic tenses. It is demonstrated that a morphological rather than a purely syntactic account is preferable here. The verbs with a periphrastic perfect make up a conjugation class; on the other hand, the periphrastic future is formalized as a morphosyntactic property whose default realization is periphrastic.
The Phrase-structural Diversity of Periphrasis
Authors: Bonami Olivier , Webelhuth Gert
Published: April 2014

Periphrastic constructions in related and well-studied languages such as English, German, and French exhibit significant diversity in their syntactic structure. In English the main verb combines with its complements first, whereas in German the main verb combines with the auxiliary first. French demonstrates that it is possible to have diversity even within one language. Two periphrastic tenses in French — the perfect and the near future — correspond to two distinct phrase structure configurations. This chapter argues that different syntactic configurations show the same level of paradigm integration in the relevant language, and thus the theory of periphrasis should not depend on the particular phrase structure. It presents a formal account for the phrase-structural diversity of periphrases using Paradigm Function Morphology as the inflectional component for an HPSG account.
Relatedness in Periphrasis
Authors: Popova Gergana , Spencer Andrew
Published: April 2014

Bulgarian has several relevant verbal constructions, and this chapter concentrates on those where one instance of periphrasis is embedded within another. For example, the (periphrastic) future perfect has a periphrastic form of the verb ‘be’ as one component, giving a construction with embedded periphrasis. The formal account proposed for these nested constructions combines a realizational approach to morphology with a lexical non-transformational framework for syntax. While periphrasis constitutes part of the morphological paradigm, and the relatedness of different periphrastic constructions can be understood in terms of the cross-categorization of features, the syntactic structure of these constructions does not mirror the same nesting. To solve this mismatch, and to capture the nesting effect, a set of rules for Bulgarian periphrastic forms is proposed, involving realization rules which are a composition of two separate rules. The complexity of nested periphrases receives a formal account, shedding light on the syntax-morphology interface more generally.
Sentence Negation and Periphrasis
Authors: Spencer Andrew
Published: April 2014

In order to establish a typological picture of periphrastic negation, this chapter begins from the criteria for periphrasis established by Ackerman and Stump. These are feature intersection, non-compositionality, and distributed exponence. It is argued that while the first two work well for defining periphrasis, the third criterion is not sufficiently robust, and should therefore be substituted by the criterion of multiple exponence. Multiple exponence is a recurrent feature of morphology and therefore, when found in a syntactic construction, it signals its morphology-like status. The chapter analyses the applicability of the criteria by testing them on data from genetically and typologically diverse languages (such as Japanese, and languages within Oto-Manguean, Nilotic, Tungusic, Uralic, Nakh-Daghestanian, and Semitic languages). It shows the extent to which the existing criteria can be applied to languages of different types, and justifies the new criterion (multiple exponence) for identifying periphrasis.
Identity Registration in the Classical Mediterranean World
Authors: Flemming Rebecca
Published: April 2014

This chapter provides an analytical survey of identity registration practices (and their absence) across the ancient Mediterranean. The discussion focuses on the citizen census in Republican Rome, but also covers registration activities in democratic Athens, with further reference to a wider background including Ptolemaic Egypt and the Roman Empire. The analysis emphasizes that civil registration in ancient states is more a matter of record and ritual than actual legal definition, and that its systems are as much about membership and privilege, as about subordination and exploitation.
Establishing and Registering Identity in the Dutch Republic1
Authors: Looijesteijn Henk , Van Leeuwen Marco H. D.
Published: April 2014

The Dutch Republic had a broad range of means to establish an individual's identity, and a rudimentary ‘system’ of identity registration, essentially established at the local levels of town and parish. This chapter seeks to provide a description of the ways in which the Dutch established an individual's identity. The various registration methods covered almost the entire population of the Dutch Republic at some stage in their life, and it is argued that on balance identity registration in the Dutch Republic was fairly successful. The chapter contends that the degree to which identity was registered and monitored in the early modern era in the Netherlands, while certainly not wholly effective, is remarkable given the absence of a centralized state and the lack of a large bureaucracy.
No Will to Know: The Rise and Fall of African Civil Registration in Twentieth-Century South Africa
Authors: Breckenridge Keith
Published: April 2014

Vital statistics have been politically fraught in South Africa for decades, not least because the state made very little effort to record information about the well-being of African women and children. This chapter shows that in the last years of the nineteenth century a working system of vital registration was developed in the colony of Natal and in the native reserves of the Transkei. From the beginning this delegated bureaucracy faced opposition from African patriarchs, from parsimonious white elected leaders and from the advocates of coercive systems of biometric identification. In the early 1920s, under the weight of mostly unfounded accusations of corruption, the system of registration by means of ‘native agency’ was deliberately terminated, despite the general enthusiasm of the magistrates charged with maintaining it.
Uruguay’s Child Rights Approach to Health: What Role for Civil Registration?
Authors: Birn Anne-Emanuelle
Published: April 2014

In 1934 the Uruguayan legislature passed a ‘Children's Code’, perhaps the first national code explicitly to stipulate that ‘every child has a right to know who are his parents’. This chapter explores the historical context for Uruguay's Children's Code, showing how the late nineteenth-century establishment of civil registration was intertwined with child health monitoring and corresponding public policies and institutions as part of a burgeoning welfare state. It draws out the interaction of these domestic approaches with international debates and practices, demonstrating the role played in these developments by Uruguayan public health's established international reputation, recognized by the League of Nations as the leading Latin American advocate of infant and child health improvement. It also examines how the innovative 1934 code and its associated identity registration features were implemented domestically as an integral part of a fully functioning government child welfare programme, and how Uruguay's approach was diffused internationally.
Birth Registration and the Promotion of Children’s Rights in the Interwar Years
Authors: Marshall Dominique
Published: April 2014

The right of children to be registered at birth was not part of early universal declarations of entitlements for the young adopted in the wake of the First World War. But during the interwar years, the main proponents of these declarations — the Save the Children International Union and the American Child Health Association, headed by philanthropist and future President Herbert Hoover — soon understood that the registration of infants was at the basis of their work, especially that concerned with the reduction of infant mortality. This chapter studies their respective campaigns in Africa and in the United States, respectively, to show how registration came to be understood as a prerequisite for the full promises of children's rights to be realized. It draws surprising parallels between the two efforts, related to the size of the territory and the discrimination faced by children due to their race and their ethnic origins.
The Human Rights Act, Dialogue and Constitutional Principles
Authors: Phillipson Gavin
Published: April 2014

This chapter considers the relationship between the Human Rights Act (HRA) and existing key principles of the UK constitution. It proposes that rather than asking how far the HRA is transforming the existing constitution, a more fruitful approach assumes that each acts upon the other. In light of this discussion, it goes on to consider particular arguments about the balance between judicial and legislative power under the HRA. First, it suggests that, contrary to a widely held view, s.3 has been used not more but less than Parliament was led to expect at the time the HRA was passed. Second, it examines recent episodes of inter-institutional disputes about rights in the light of dialogic theories which assume that governments welcome s.4 declarations as triggering an honest debate about rights; it suggests that such theories diverge sharply from political reality.
The Maréchal de Castries and the Pre-Revolution
Authors: Price Munro
Published: April 2014

The actions and writings during the pre-revolution of the maréchal de Castries, minister of the marine from 1780 to 1787, shed significant new light on the absolute monarchy at the moment of its fall. Castries resigned his ministry in September 1787, a gesture that was widely and correctly interpreted as a refusal to serve under the new first minister, Loménie de Brienne. Yet from his retirement Castries sent a series of memoranda, most probably to his patroness Marie Antoinette, detailing his views on almost every aspect of the unfolding crisis right up until July 1789. They reveal Castries as an ‘English-style’ constitutional monarchist, convinced that the crown's problems could only be solved by the speedy convocation of the estates general, without whose consent taxation would henceforth be illegal. Castries' role in the years 1787–1789 thus offers a prime example of the loss of confidence in the absolute monarchy among those who should have been its staunchest defenders.
Talking Union
Authors: Lieberman Ernie
Published: April 2014

Ernie Lieberman grew up in the midst of the folk revival that took place during the Depression, World War II, and the Cold War. This chapter describes how folk music came to be important to the American left, the issues on which they focused (union organizing, racial and gender equality, peace), and Lieberman's own participation in the movement. As a child in the 1930s, he admired Pete Seeger and Woody Guthrie, and sang folk and protest songs at summer camp, Progressive party conventions, and on tours for the Civil Rights Congress. In the 1950s, he performed and recorded albums with the first interracial folk group, and later, as political folk music began to reach a wider audience, became a songwriter.
‘Non, je ne regrette rien’
Authors: Boehmer Konrad
Published: April 2014

Konrad Boehmer is the composer of numerous electro-acoustic, stage and instrumental works, a distinguished teacher of composition, music history and theory, and a prodigious writer on music, politics, and society. This chapter recounts his close involvement in the early 1970s with student communist parties in Germany and the Netherlands, and the questions that this involvement raised for his own compositional activities. Whilst the activism of these parties was in many ways naïve and short-sighted, the problems which they sought to address have only become more severe, a situation that today poses almost intractable difficulties for composers wishing to pursue independent and socially meaningful aesthetic production.
On Music and Politics
Authors: Born Georgina
Published: April 2014

Reflecting analytically on the practices of the avant-garde socialist rock group Henry Cow and their aftermath, this chapter argues for an expanded account of the multiple mediations of music and politics. Such an account would take account of at least five distinctive orders of musical practice and their non-linear conjunction, each potentially the basis of a politics: first, animating or building alliances with wider political and social movements; second, the politics of music's institutional forms, evident in Henry Cow's practices of self-organisation and self-management, its creation of new labels, performance and distribution networks; third, the politics of the social relations of the performance ensemble, of rehearsal and of the performance event; fourth, the politics of musical materials; and fifth, the politics of lyric writing. What we see in Henry Cow, however imperfectly realised, is a concerted attempt to orchestrate multiple dimensions and forms of political invention and experimentation.
From the Andes to Paris
Authors: Orquera Fabiola
Published: April 2014

In 1947 the Peronist government blacklisted the Argentinean composer Atahualpa Yupanqui, forcing him into exile in Eastern Europe and Paris. Yupanqui, then affiliated to the Communist Party, was already well known in his country for songs that celebrated the life of rural workers in the Argentinean Andes, and denounced their hardships. Yupanqui's Parisian sojourn, during which he secured the support of the French recording label Le Chant du Monde, provided him with the opportunity to introduce Argentine folklore to European audiences. This chapter focuses upon the period 1946 to 1950, analyzing Yupanqui's complex relationship with the populist policies of Perón, and assessing his appeal for French communists and fellow travellers as a privileged representative of the proletarian aesthetic.
Black, White, and Red
Authors: Bullivant Joanna
Published: April 2014

The opera The Sugar Reapers (1962–5), by Alan Bush (1900–95), is doubly outside the communist bloc: the work of an English communist, set in the remote South American colony of British Guiana. Yet far from being an isolated curiosity, it addresses crucial aesthetic issues in post-war communism. As an enthusiast for the call for nationalist socialist realism that emanated from the Soviet Union in 1948, Bush faced particular difficulties in composing a work for British Guiana. What did national music mean in the context of an ethnically and culturally diverse population? And how was the danger of exoticism to be avoided? Tracing Bush's use of Guianese music, this chapter reveals a work indicative of the paradoxes of socialist realism, and creative in navigating these paradoxes. The work's political context and performance history are addressed as starting points for further investigation of communist cultural engagement with the Third World.
The Heritage of Empire*
Authors: Swenson Astrid
Published: April 2014

This chapter maps the relationships between heritage and empire in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and their impact on notions of world heritage. It connects the history of heritage in the metropole with that in the colonies, and relates imperial entanglements to other emerging transnational connections. It outlines commonalities and differences across the British empire and compares the British situation with developments elsewhere. Mapping shifting attitudes to ‘plunder’ and ‘preservation’, it shows how imperialism and preservationism were mutually constitutive as preservation was increasingly promoted as an instrument of good governance. However, it also shows how, across the British empire, a rhetoric of imperial preservation masked the appropriation of indigenous knowledge by the imperialists, while imperial notions of heritage were subverted and reclaimed by the colonized.
Appropriation to Supremacy
Authors: Sivasundaram Sujit
Published: April 2014

This chapter studies a particular moment in the emergence of the idea of the ‘native’ in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. By considering the role played by Pacific islanders, Asians, and Africans in defining territorial identities, bonds of attachment to rulers, and patterns of settlement prior to contact with colonists, it argues that the ‘native’ emerged partly out of extant traditions. The British empire recontextualized mutating extant senses of culture in global maps of heritage and thus minted a new sense of the ‘native’. Throughout this process, what appears is not an unproblematic concept of the ‘native’ or ‘indigenous’, but a notion of how claims of a separate heritage arose in contexts of hybridity and creolization.
Publication as Preservation at a Remote Maya Site in the Early Twentieth Century*
Authors: Yates Donna
Published: April 2014

This chapter concerns the concept of ‘remoteness’ in early Mesoamerican archaeology as a factor in site preservation. Throughout the nineteenth century, Maya sites were academically and popularly conceived of as beyond ‘preservation’ in any realistic sense. However, the late nineteenth-century emergence of archaeology as a science and the growth of North American academic interest in Central America forced a situation where ‘preservation’ was incorporated into professional archaeological identity. Using the Guatemalan site of Holmul as a case study, the chapter presents publication as a form of preservation for logistically challenging archaeological sites in the early twentieth century. Publication is conceived of as an obligatory process that not only produced a textual ‘preserved site’, but served as an homage to advances in the development of North American-style archaeology as a scientific enquiry.
Theory and Practice in Ancient Egyptian Literature
Authors: Lepper Verena M. , Enmarch Roland
Published: April 2014

This introductory chapter discusses briefly the history of the study of Egyptian literature, highlighting how broader developments in the theory of literature have come to be applied within Egyptology, and outlining the significant interpretative issues that still remain. This is particularly acute when studying a civilisation such as Ancient Egypt, with an only fragmentarily preserved literate culture, and no continuous tradition of reception to condition modern engagement with the ancient texts. The chapter reviews the approaches taken by contributors to the volume, and evaluates how they relate to recent developments in the application of theoretically informed approaches to Egyptian texts. The range of topics covered demonstrates the vitality and diversity of current Egyptological engagement with Ancient Egyptian texts.
Amunnakht, Scribe and Poet of Deir el-Medina
Authors: Burkard Günter
Published: April 2014

Amunnakht, scribe in the necropolis of Deir el-Medina, is a well-known figure in Ancient Egyptian history. He was active in the reigns of Ramses III to Ramses VI. From his quill we have not only administrative records but also a series of literary and didactic texts. In addition to the six literary pieces, mostly fragments, ascribed to him previously, a new one, the fragment of a hymn or eulogy to one of these kings, is preserved in Ostracon O Berlin P 14262. After a hieroglyphic transliteration, phonetic transcription, translation, and detailed commentary, the question of whether Amunnakht was the author or simply the copyist of this and some — or all — of the other texts in question is discussed.
Mortuary and Literary Laments
Authors: Enmarch Roland
Published: April 2014

‘Laments’ have long been recognised as an important and long-lived part of Egyptian written culture, appearing in widely differing contexts, including as captions to mourning scenes in tombs from the Old Kingdom onwards, as liturgical laments uttered by Isis and Nephthys in mortuary texts, and as an important component of the literary style of Middle Egyptian pessimistic literature. The heterogeneous nature of these sources presents problems in arriving at a satisfactory definition for a ‘lament’ genre as a whole, and raises questions as to just how closely related these different written traditions are. While the style of literary laments in particular has often been described as originating from funerary dirges, the evidence for this is chronologically problematic and other generic influences have alternatively been posited. This chapter establishes stylistic and structural criteria to enable a more detailed analysis of the different kinds of lament, and their possible interrelationship.
Papyrus Queen’s College Recto
Authors: Fischer-Elfert Hans-W.
Published: April 2014

The manuscript which is the topic of this chapter contains the first literary text in abnormal hieratic, a script used mainly for documentary texts in the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Dynasties. As far as it is preserved and comprehensible, the plot seems to revolve around a court proceeding between two priests at the Heliopolitan temple of Atum-Re-Harakhty. The text contains oaths by the sun-god, as well as an interesting dialogue between a king called Usermaatre and the chief god of Heliopolis. The story ends with a verdict, declaring one of the priests ‘not guilty’ and his opponent the opposite. One of the main characters is the prince of Heliopolis-Athribis called Hem-na-nefi, a pseudonym for one of the several Twenty-fifth Dynasty holders of this title in the 12th and 13th Lower Egyptian nomes named Bak-en-na-nefu. The text's style and rhetoric suggest it is at least a semi-literary juridical narrative.
Introduction
Authors: Marenbon John
Published: April 2014

This introductory chapter explains how medieval philosophy has hardly made an appearance before in this series of philosophy lectures, and why the author decided on a theme that brings together thinkers from the Middle Ages and the early modern period. It then briefly summarizes the arguments of the three main chapters and of the responses to them.
Introduction
Authors: Dunne Tim , Flockhart Trine , Koivisto Marjo
Published: April 2014

The current liberal order is fading and has failed to deliver on some of its most fundamental promises. Yet, rather than taking flight from liberal order, this book suggests that liberal orders in the past always have been historically constituted and institutionally contested. Although liberal order's current crisis is not disputed, it suggests that the crisis has partly been constituted by the specific account of liberal order offered by ‘new liberalism’, which in its quest for a scientific method has shorn liberalism — and with it liberal order — of its critical and normative potential. The observation places liberal order's alleged crisis in a new light, where attention to liberal values and ordering practices invite consideration of those aspects of liberal order that are resilient and enduring.
Liberal Internationalism 3.0
Authors: Ikenberry G. John
Published: April 2014

Liberal order is not embodied in a fixed set of principles or practices. Instead, aspects of the liberal vision have made appearances in various combinations and changing ways over the last century. This chapter argues that it is possible to identify three versions of liberal order. The first is associated with the ideas of Woodrow Wilson; the second is the liberal internationalism of the post-1945 decades; and the third version is a sort of post-hegemonic liberal internationalism that has only partially appeared and whose full shape and logic is still uncertain. The chapter develops a set of dimensions that allow for identifying different logics of liberal order and identify variables that will shape the movement from liberal internationalism 2.0 to 3.0.
Grand Days, Dark Palaces
Authors: Rae Heather , Reus-Smit Christian
Published: April 2014

Exploring contradictions inherent in liberal orders, this chapter questions the treatment of liberalism in the International Relations academy as a relatively straightforward set of beliefs about the individual, the state, the market, and political justice. It asserts that the contradictions and tensions within liberal internationalism are in fact deep and troubling. Highlighting some of liberalism's obscured and sometimes denied contradictions — between liberal ‘statism’ and liberal ‘cosmopolitanism’; between liberal ‘proceduralism’ and liberal ‘consequentialism’; and between liberal ‘absolutism’ and liberal ‘toleration’ — the chapter explores their implications for liberal ordering practices internationally. It concludes that liberal political engagement necessitates a more reflective standpoint and more historical sensibility if we are to be aware of how contradictions have shaped liberal orders in the past and are likely to continue to do so in the future.
Liberal World Orders, Reciprocal and Hierarchic
Authors: Koivisto Marjo
Published: April 2014

This chapter deals with the question of hierarchy in liberal orders. English School theorizing has, since Hedley Bull's seminal work, regarded reciprocal international society institutions such as international law as the foundations of international order. Yet recent scholarship has indicated that the way reciprocal institutions have historically been practised has portrayed international society institutions as being just as hierarchic as they are reciprocal. Drawing together English School theory and practice analysis in International Relations, the chapter illustrates how both reciprocity and hierarchies in liberal order emerge out of the historical practices of international politics. Examples look at the conventions of diplomacy and international law to understand continuity and change in liberal orders' hierarchies and reciprocal practices.
Boundaries and borders
Authors: Sadan Mandy
Published: April 2014

This chapter examines the changing political framework of the region from the late nineteenth century through to World War I as fluid political boundaries that were transformed into bordered territories. It describes how local elites in the Yunnan boundary region managed the transition zone of the mountains between Burma and China, and the role that they played in the local political system after the Panthay revolt and just prior to the fall of the Konbaung Dynasty in Burma. The chapter then describes how old and new elites were created in this process of geo-political transformation. It focuses in particular on the eastern borderworld, where great ethnographic complexity became rationalised in line with new and emerging political needs. It describes in detail how a local system of cross-group relations expressed as a ritual system became a model for later Kachin ethno-nationalist ideological expansion influenced by these administrative changes.
À la croisée de La Côte de Sable et de King Edward : Ottawa, capitale littéraire de l’Ontario français ?
Authors: Brun del Re Ariane
Published: April 2014

Dans le sillon des travaux de Pascale Casanova et de Raoul Boudreau sur les capitales littéraires, cet article s’interroge sur le rôle joué par Ottawa au sein de l’espace littéraire franco-ontarien. À plusieurs égards, Ottawa rappelle Moncton, capitale littéraire de l’Acadie aujourd’hui bien instituée. Cependant, malgré sa forte concentration de ressources littéraires et sa mise en récit dans des textes qui visent à lui rendre hommage, la capitale fédérale n’est pas parvenue à devenir une capitale littéraire pour l’Ontario français. L’étude des stratégies d’écriture employées par Daniel Poliquin dans La Côte de Sable et par Michel Ouellette dans King Edward pour mettre cette ville en scène permettra de cerner les limites du mythe ottavien, pourtant nécessaire à la transformation de la ville en capitale littéraire.
Les démarches décisionnelles incrémentales dans les systèmes complexes : Le cas des politiques publiques dans le système de la propriété intellectuelle
Authors: Bérard Céline
Published: April 2014

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les démarches décisionnelles mises en oeuvre dans un système complexe, en se centrant sur le développement de nouvelles politiques publiques. Des entretiens individuels ont été menés auprès de quarante décideurs politiques, dans le cadre d’une expérimentation portant sur le système de la propriété intellectuelle. Les résultats montrent que, dans ce système, les décideurs suivent des démarches décisionnelles qui rejoignent les modèles d’incrémentalisme disjoint ou logique. Ces démarches peuvent toutefois varier sur trois aspects : l’existence ou non d’activités diplomatiques externes, le recours ou non à des cas décisionnels similaires, la nature des objectifs poursuivis.
L’équipement des PME en systèmes ERP : une adoption guidée par les priorités stratégiques ?
Authors: Deltour François , Farajallah Mehdi , Lethiais Virginie
Published: April 2014

Pour les PME, investir dans un progiciel de gestion intégré - ERP - correspond à un investissement informatique majeur, assimilable à une décision stratégique. L’article teste l’influence des priorités stratégiques des PME sur leur choix d’utiliser ou non un système ERP. Une investigation auprès de 1977 PME montre que la recherche de réactivité est le seul positionnement stratégique augmentant la probabilité d’adopter un ERP. Les stratégies d’affaires centrées sur les caractéristiques des produits n’ont, elles, pas d’influence. De plus, l’investigation confirme que la taille, l’appartenance à un groupe ainsi que la maturité informatique des PME favorisent leur adoption des ERP.
Revision of Salvia subg. Calosphace sect. Membranaceae (Lamiaceae)
Authors: González-Gallegos Jesús Guadalupe
Published: April 2014

A taxonomic revision of Salvia subg. Calosphace sect. Membranaceae is presented based on the examination of recent collections and field observations. The section is comprised of 12 species and it occurs from northern Mexico to northern South America. A morphological conspectus, identification key, improved standarized descriptions, photographs, distribution maps, a comprehensive list of synonyms and a discussion about the delimitation of problematic taxa are given.
Recent global temperature “plateau” in the context of a new proxy reconstruction
Authors: Crowley Thomas J. , Obrochta Stephen P. , Liu Junhua
Published: April 2014

Stable global temperatures of the last 10–15 years have been a topic of considerable discussion. A new proxy extension of the global temperature record enables better placement of this feature in a longer historical perspective. The fixed‐grid composite covers the interval 1801–1984, with an extension to 1782, and anchors the global temperature record in the last major cold interval of the Little Ice Age, when carbon dioxide concentration was at preanthropogenic levels. Except for greater and longer cooling (approximately twice the length of Pinatubo) associated with the Tambora eruption, the proxy agrees with the most widely cited previous assessment of global temperature over this interval, lending more confidence to a centennial extension of the global temperature record. The proxy correlation is as high as 0.83 for the interval 1907–1984 (df = 8, p = 0.001), with the 21st century 1.0°C ± 0.2°C warmer than the nonvolcanic base state. This remarkable linearity requires a clear theoretical understanding as to how an exceedingly complex system can, on the global average, behave in such a simple way. Removal of the linear radiatively forced component from the global temperature record yields an estimate of natural variability for the last 230 years and indicates no unusual natural variability during the recent 10–15 years. Based on the estimate of unforced variability over the last 170 years, there is about a 40% chance of continued “natural cooling” over the next few years, with about a 10% chance of cooling persisting into the next decade.
Three‐dimensional mantle circulations and lateral slab deformation in the southern Chilean subduction zone
Authors: Lin Shu‐Chuan
Published: April 2014

The along‐strike variation in plate properties is a common feature in the subduction zones. The southern Chilean subduction is a notable example where the slab age and length, and the thickness of the overriding plate, vary substantially in the trench‐parallel direction. In this study the combined effects of these factors are examined using regional subduction zone models. In the models lateral slab deformation and along‐arc pressure gradient in the mantle occur in response to the differential slab retrograde motion due to variations in slab buoyancy and slab strength. The lower portion of the deep segments acts as a slab edge in part, while rollback of the neighboring, shallower segments influences the toroidal motion induced by the adjacent deep segments. These factors together give rise to complex flow patterns and lead to a great extent of trench‐parallel components in the mantle wedge and subslab mantle and significant upwelling in the back arc. Mantle circulations are characterized by variable length scales for both toroidal and poloidal motions extending over ~ 1500 km. Such three‐dimensional circulations may lead to complicated patterns of seismic anisotropy. The upwelling may result in decompression melting to cause the extensive Patagonian plateau basalts. Our model results indicate that certain segments of the Antarctic slab reach at least 100 km depth. The trajectories of passive tracers show intricate patterns such as helical streamlines and suggest that a recent input from the adjacent subduction zone for slab‐derived components of lavas from the Chilean Ridge cannot be ruled out.
Intercomparison of field measurements of nitrous acid (HONO) during the SHARP campaign
Authors: Pinto J. P. , Dibb J. , Lee B. H. , Rappenglück B. , Wood E. C. , Levy M. , Zhang R.‐Y. , Lefer B. , Ren X.‐R. , Stutz J. , Tsai C. , Ackermann L. , Golovko J. , Herndon S. C. , Oakes M. , Meng Q.‐Y. , Munger J. W. , Zahniser M. , Zheng J.
Published: April 2014

Because of the importance of HONO as a radical reservoir, consistent and accurate measurements of its concentration are needed. As part of SHARP (Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursors), time series of HONO were obtained by six different measurement techniques on the roof of the Moody Tower at the University of Houston. Techniques used were long path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), stripping coil‐visible absorption photometry (SC‐AP), long path absorption photometry (LOPAP®), mist chamber/ion chromatography (MC‐IC), quantum cascade‐tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectroscopy (QC‐TILDAS), and ion drift‐chemical ionization mass spectrometry (ID‐CIMS). Various combinations of techniques were in operation from 15 April through 31 May 2009. All instruments recorded a similar diurnal pattern of HONO concentrations with higher median and mean values during the night than during the day. Highest values were observed in the final 2 weeks of the campaign. Inlets for the MC‐IC, SC‐AP, and QC‐TILDAS were collocated and agreed most closely with each other based on several measures. Largest differences between pairs of measurements were evident during the day for concentrations < ~100 parts per trillion (ppt). Above ~ 200 ppt, concentrations from the SC‐AP, MC‐IC, and QC‐TILDAS converged to within about 20%, with slightly larger discrepancies when DOAS was considered. During the first 2 weeks, HONO measured by ID‐CIMS agreed with these techniques, but ID‐CIMS reported higher values during the afternoon and evening of the final 4 weeks, possibly from interference from unknown sources. A number of factors, including building related sources, likely affected measured concentrations.
How to Gain the Benefits of the Expert Performance Approach in Domains Where the Correctness of Decisions are Not Readily Available: A Reply to Weiss and Shanteau
Authors: Ericsson K. Anders
Published: April 2014

Weiss and Shanteau criticize the expert‐performance approach and argue that this approach has not, and most importantly, cannot be applied to the study of ‘experts’ in domains that lack readily available objective measures of performance, such as accuracy of judgments. In this response, I demonstrate that it is not necessary to use fictitious stimuli for the judgments, for which no correct responses can be identified, and where only their Cochrane, Weiss, and Shanteau index can be calculated. Instead, the expert performance approach regenerates the judgment situation for actual cases and tracks down their subsequent observed real‐world outcomes. Participants' judgments of the stimuli can then be directly scored against the actual outcomes. Opportunities for training and deliberate practice are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phase I dose escalation study of oral bexarotene in combination with intravenous decitabine in patients with AML
Authors: Welch John S. , Niu Haixia , Uy Geoffrey L. , Westervelt Peter , Abboud Camille N. , Vij Ravi , Stockerl‐Goldstein Keith E. , Jacoby Meagan , Pusic Iskra , Schroeder Mark A. , Dipersio John F. , Cashen Amanda F.
Published: April 2014

The response rate of non‐M3 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to all trans retinoic acid has been limited. Using Affymetrix expression arrays, we found that in diverse AML blasts RXRA was expressed at higher levels than RARA and that mouse Ctsg‐PML‐RARA leukemia responded to bexarotene, a ligand for RXRA. We therefore performed a phase I study of combination bexarotene and decitabine in elderly and relapsed AML patients. We found that this combination was well tolerated, although outcomes were modest (1 CRi, and 3 PR among 19 patients). Correlative studies found that patients with clinical response had increased differentiation to bexarotene both in vivo and ex vivo, suggesting that pre‐treatment analysis might identify a more susceptible subgroup of patients. Am. J. Hematol. 89:E103–E108, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of ethylene terephthalate and ethylene naphthalate (PET‐PEN) block‐co‐polyesters with defined surface qualities by tailoring segment composition
Authors: Geyer Björn , Röhner Stefan , Lorenz Günter , Kandelbauer Andreas
Published: April 2014

Ethylene terephthalate and ethylene naphthalate oligomers of defined degree of polymerization were synthesized via chemical recycling of the parent polymers. The oligomers were used as defined building blocks for the preparation of novel block‐co‐polyesters having tailored sequence compositions. The sequence lengths were systematically varied using Design of Experiments. The dispersive surface energy and the specific desorption energy of the co‐polymers were determined by inverse gas chromatography. The study shows that polyethylene terephthalate‐polyethylene naphthalate (PET‐PEN) block‐co‐polyesters of defined sequence lengths can be prepared. Furthermore, the specific and dispersive surface energies of the obtained block‐co‐polyesters showed a linear dependence on the oligomer molecular weight and it was possible to regulate and control their interfacial properties. In contrast, with the corresponding random‐block‐co‐polyesters no such dependence was found. The synthesized block‐co‐polyesters could be used as polymeric modifying agents for stabilizing PET‐PEN polymer blends. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40731.
Modified polyaniline and its effects on the microstructure and antistatic properties of PP/PANI‐APP/CPP composites
Authors: Xu Jing , Xiao Jie , Zhang Zhiye , Wang Xinlong , Chen Xiaodong , Yang Xiushan , Zhang Wei , Yang Lin
Published: April 2014

Polypropylene (PP) composites that contain poly(aniline) (PANI) and ammonium polyphosphate crystalline form II (APP‐II) have both antistatic and flame‐retardant properties. In the present study, double anti‐functional PANI was prepared via in situ polymerization in the presence of APP‐II. Analysis of the Fourier transform infrared spectra demonstrated that PANI was synthesized successfully with APP‐II and that modified PANI (PANI‐APP) was obtained. Next, PP/PANI‐APP/chlorinated poly(propylene) (CPP) and PP/PANI/CPP composites were prepared. The results showed that the volume resistivity of the PP/PANI‐APP/CPP composite was at least 100 times less than that of the PP/PANI/CPP composite. The microstructures of the corresponding composites were investigated carefully by scanning electron microscopy and wide angle X‐ray diffraction. The areas of the conductive regions and the percentage crystallinity of PP in the PP/PANI‐APP/CPP composite were distinctly higher than those in the PP/PANI/CPP composite, i.e., by about 10% and 7%, respectively. In addition, experimental analyses of the limiting oxygen index and thermogravimetry showed that the PP/PANI‐APP/CPP composite had advantages compared with PP in terms of its flame‐retardant properties thermal stability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40732.
Effect of the water sorption on the mechanical response of microcrystalline cellulose‐based composites for art protection and restoration
Authors: Cataldi Annalisa , Dorigato Andrea , Deflorian Flavio , Pegoretti Alessandro
Published: April 2014

Thermoplastic composites based on a commercial acrylic matrix widely used in the field of art protection and restoration (Paraloid B72) and various concentrations (up to 30 wt %) of microcrystalline cellulose powder (MCC) were prepared by melt‐compounding and compression molding. The mechanical behavior of the resulting materials conditioned at a temperature of 23°C and a relative humidity level of 55% was compared to that of the corresponding dried materials. Even though the moisture absorption of the filler was lower than the neat matrix, the maximum moisture content increased with the MCC amount, probably due to the preferential water diffusion path through the microvoids and/or the filler‐matrix interface. Although the increase of moisture content for filled samples, DMTA analysis evidenced a stabilization upon MCC introduction, with an increase of the storage modulus and a decrease of the thermal expansion coefficient proportional to the filler loading. A similar trend was displayed by the corresponding dried materials. The tensile elastic modulus and the ultimate properties such as the stress at break and the tensile energy to break (TEB) of conditioned samples increased proportionally to the filler amount. On the contrary, the failure properties of dried composites were negatively affected by the presence of the microcellulose. It is worthwhile to report that a significant improvement of the creep stability was induced by MCC introduction both for dried and conditioned samples. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40741.
Self‐structured serrated edges of chemically oxidized poly(dimethylsiloxane) disks
Authors: Watanabe Masashi , Shinoda Kensuke
Published: April 2014

Serrated structures on a micrometer scale were spontaneously formed along the edge of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) disk using the following procedure. First, a drop of PDMS prepolymer was placed on a glass slide, followed by vulcanization. Second, the obtained PDMS disk was soaked in a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid to form a serrated structure. Consideration of the mechanism of the structure formation was based on the following results. (1) The acid oxidized the PDMS surface, which was then swollen with the acid mixture or water to form wrinkles. (2) The wrinkle wavelength depended on the thickness of the PDMS film. (3) The thickness of the PDMS disk varied near its edge because the meniscus of the drop of the PDMS prepolymer was retained after the vulcanization. These results suggest that the thickness gradient of the PDMS disk led to the spontaneous formation of a serrated edge structure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40767.