bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Women’s Right to No-fault Judicial Divorce (Khul‘) in Pakistan
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Zubair
Published: August 2022

Pakistan is the first Muslim country, which recognized women’s unilateral right to no-fault judicial divorce (khul‘) under Islamic family law in 1959. In contemporary Pakistan, Muslim women have the unilateral right to dissolve their marriages through summary court procedure. This has been made possible because of the gradual changes in case law and procedural law stretching over more than half a century. Despite questioning the validity of state-enforced Islamic divorce law on the basis that it is not in line with classical Islamic law (sharī‘ah/fiqh), traditional ‘ulamā’ (religious scholars) accept the validity of court decrees of the dissolution of marriage based on khul‘. As a result, the validity of judicial khul‘ under Islamic law is well established in Pakistan. This shows that the judges of the superior courts act as final arbiters by determining the binding interpretation of the Qur’ān and sunnah and the same has been approved by the ‘ulamā’.
Physico-Сhemical Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Diethanolamine Borate
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Ukraine, Koshel’ N. D. , Koshel’ S. A. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Ukraine, Gerasika N. S. ,   Institute of Transport Systems and Technologies, National Academy of Sciences,of Ukraine, Levchenko E. P. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Ukraine, Chervakova O. V. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Ukraine
Published: August 2022

The concentration functions of the electrical conductivity and pH for aqueous solutions of an ionic liquid (IL) based on diethanolamine and boric acid (DEAB) have been determined. Correlations have been established between the physicochemical properties of an aqueous solution of DEAB and the processes of dissociation of the components of the system. It was shown that anions are charge carriers in DEAB solutions. It was found that an aqueous solution of DEAB possesses unipolar electrical conductivity and anion-exchange properties with an anion transfer number of 0.79
Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of the Alloys of Ni-Re System Alloyed by Zirconium, Hafnium, Tungsten, and Palladium
Authors:   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova, Parshutin V. V. , Paramonov A. M. ,   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova, Koval’ A. V. ,   Institute of Applied Physics, Republic of Moldova
Published: August 2022

The comparative corrosion resistance and electrochemical behavior in acidic, alkaline, and neutral media of both pure metals and the Ni-Re alloys doped with zirconium, hafnium, tungsten, and palladium were investigated. A positive effect of zirconium on the corrosion resistance of the Ni-Re alloy in all studied media was demonstrated. It is shown that the Ni-Re alloy doped with hafnium also improves corrosion resistance and compensates its reduction at the introduction to a tungsten alloy. It is shown that the Ni-Re alloy doped with zirconium together with palladium has the maximum corrosion resistance.
Insights into the mechanisms of susceptibility and tolerance against salinity stress in rice plant
Authors: Ayoub Nadia , Ali Zulfiqar , Sher Muhammad Ali , Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop that is consumed by more than half of the world's population. Soil salinity is a serious problem that reduces rice yield because it is more sensitive to salt stress than other cereal crops. Salinity affects many aspects of the rice plant phases like it has a damaging effect on rice plant growth e.g. germination inhibition, difficulties in the crop establishment, development of the leaf area, decrease in the production of the dry matter, delay in the seed setting and even leading to the sterility. The susceptibility or resistance to high salinity in rice plants is an organized activity of multiple genes which also interact with other components of the different path­ways of stress signals transduction. The salt tolerance genes can be used to produce salinity tolerant rice varieties by using genetic engineering and marker-assisted selection. In this review, we have discussed the effects of salt stress on different growth stages and yield of the rice plant and updated on different stress-responsive genes and salinity tolerance mechanisms which will be helpful to improve the high-yielding rice varieties against the salinity stress. To develop salt-tolerant and high-yielding rice varieties, we have focused on the need to incorporate genomics, phenotyping, and metabolic profiling into breeding and transgenic approaches.
Fermentation of sugarcane baggase for the production and characterization of exoglucanase by Phaeolus spadiceus
Authors: Zia Noshaba , Mahmood Raja Tahir , Asad Muhammad Javaid , Masood Maleeha , Safder Anosha , Hadri Saqib Hussain , Javaid Binish , Nasreen Syeda
Published: August 2022

The current study is designed having aims i.e., to check cellulase production potential of P. spadiceus, optimization of different culture conditions for the production of exoglucanase using sugarcane bagasse as substrate and characterization of exoglucanase. P. spadiceus, a mushroom was used to enhance the production of exoglucanase enzyme by Solid State Fermentation (SSF). Effect of different conditions was observed including, fermentation period, temperature, pH, moisture level and different carbon and nitrogen sources to obtain maximum yield of exoglucanase. Crude-enzyme was then centrifuged and characterized for temperature, pH, effect of metal ions and effect of different substrate concentration for the determination of Km and Vmax. Maximum activity of exoglucanase was observed after day 4 (57.64 IU/mL/min), at 25-30oC and 50% moisture level (31.5 IU/mL/min), at pH 4.5 (47.03 IU/mL/min) and also with carbon source (5% sucrose) and nitrogen source (2.5% urea) which was 39.2 IU/mL/min. The enzyme was subjected to characterization to find out its optimum temperature, pH, effect of different metal ions and finding Km and Vmax. Exoglucanase activity at different conditions of each parameter showed that the optimum temperature was 30oC and pH 4.5. The Km and Vmax were determined by the Line-weaver-Burk-plot between 1/[VO] on the Y-axis and 1/[S] on the X-axis that results 66.66 mM and 48.73 µM/mL/min respectively The study of exoglucanase enzyme production from this fungus and to optimize different conditions will aid in more enzyme production, decrease environmental pollution and produce valued things from the resulting fermentable-sugars.
Effect of Sub Lethal Doses of Nickel Chloride on CBC and Histology of Cirrhinus Mrigala
Authors: Saleem Nida , Haroon Saim , Yasmeen Uzma , Hayat Sikander , Gillani Quratulane
Published: August 2022

This present study aims to investigate the histological and CBC parameters on Cirrhinus marigala after the exposure of Nickel Chloride. The first group of fish was taken as control group and placed in normal water without given any treatment. The second and third groups of fish were administered to two concentrations of sub-lethal doses of 96 hrs (LC50, 3.75ppm) of nickel chloride for 30 days. Results of this study showed that the number of white blood cells, platelets and haemoglobin level were significantly increased where simultaneously the number of red blood cells was significantly decreased due to exposure of nickel chloride. It was also observed that nickel chloride accumulated in organs (Kidneys < Gills < Liver < Heart) of Cirrhinus marigala. Results of histopathology showed the heavy damage of vital organs in fish due to nickel chloride exposure. One-way ANOVA test was performed in SPSS package volume 16 showed that observed data was statistically signi?cant (P < 0.05). This study concluded that nickel chloride effects the CBCs and histopathological parameters of fish Cirrhinus marigala.
 
Keywords: Fish, Toxic effect, Heavy metal, blood parameters
Účinnosť, bezpečnosť a znášanlivosť fixnej kombinácie ibuprofénu (400 mg) a kofeínu (100 mg) v porovnaní s ibuprofénom, kofeínom a placebom pri akútnej bolesti
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Má kombinácia ibuprofénu s kofeínom výhody oproti samotnému ibuprofénu pri liečbe akútnej bolesti? Randomizovaná, placebom kontrolovaná, dvojito zaslepená štúdia porovnávala účinnosť, bezpečnosť a znášanlivosť kombinácie ibuprofénu + kofeínu s jednotlivými látkami alebo placebom pri akútnej, stredne až silnej bolesti. Kombinácia bola účinnejšia v porovnaní so všetkými ostatnými liečbami vo vzťahu k úľave od bolesti po dobu 8 hodín, nástupu účinku, miere odpovedí a užitiu záchranného (únikového) analgetika. Bezpečnosť a znášanlivosť boli preukázané. Kombinácia ibuprofénu a kofeínu je preto prednostnou možnosťou liečby akútnej bolesti v porovnaní so samotným ibuprofénom.
Therapie von akuten Schmerzen: Wirksamkeitsvergleich von Ibuprofen-Lysinat und Ibuprofen
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Bei der Behandlung von Schmerzen ist ein schnelle und effektive Linderung gewünscht. Eine doppelblinde, placebokontrollierte Studie untersuchte Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit von Ibuprofen-Lysinat, Ibuprofen-Säure und Placebo bei akuten Schmerzen nach der Weisheitszahnextraktion. Hinsichtlich der Schmerzlinderung über sechs Stunden waren Ibuprofen-Lysinat und -Säure vergleichbar gut wirksam und verträglich. Entgegen den Erwartungen zeigte Ibuprofen-Lysinat keinen signifikant schnelleren Wirkeintritt als Ibuprofen-Säure.
Aktuelle Metaanalyse zur Wirksamkeit von Pfefferminzöl bei Reizdarmsyndrom
Authors: Weigmann Harald
Published: August 2022

Pfefferminzöl zeigte sich in der Meta-Analyse als wirksames und sicheres Arzneimittel für die Behandlung von Reizdarmsymptomen. In sieben klinischen Studien war Pfefferminzöl hinsichtlich der Verbesserung der allgemeinen Reizdarmsymptomatik verglichen mit Placebo klar überlegen. In Bezug auf Nebenwirkungen war kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied zu Placebo erkennbar.
Coffein – belebend und aromatisch: aber sicher!
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Die Europäische Behörde für Lebensmittelsicherheit hat eine umfangreiche Risikobewertung vorgelegt und zieht den Schluss, dass regelmäßiger Coffein-Konsum vom 18. Geburtstag bis zum Lebensende von bis zu 400 mg täglich bei gesunden Erwachsenen und bis zu 200 mg bei Schwangeren und Stillenden als sicher einzustufen ist. Ein Querschnitt durch verschiedene Länder zeigte, dass sich der Coffein-Konsum bei 95% der Befragten im sicheren Bereich bewegte.
Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Ambroxol bei Kindern
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

Ein Review fasste umfangreiche klinische, publizierte und bislang nicht publizierten Daten zur Anwendung von Ambroxol bei Kindern zusammen und evaluierte die Ergebnisse. Ambroxol stellte eine wirksame sekretolytische Therapie bei Kindern mit akuten und chronischen Atemwegserkrankungen dar. Aufgrund der langjährigen kontinuierlichen Sicherheitsüberwachung von Ambroxol zeigte sich ein günstiges Nutzen-Risiko-Profil von Ambroxol bei Erwachsenen und Kindern jeden Alters.
Laxanzien bei Kindern? Neue Studie bestätigt Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Bisacodyl bei längerfristiger Einnahme
Authors: Eberlin Marion
Published: August 2022

Eine retrospektive Studie untersuchte die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit einer langfristigen und regelmäßigen Einnahme von Bisacodyl bei Kindern. Bisacodyl zeigte sich auch bei Anwendung über einen längeren Zeitraum (mittlere Behandlungsdauer: 14 Monate) bei Kindern als wirksam, sicher und gut verträglich. Befürchtungen einer Toleranzentwicklung wurden entkräftet, bei den meisten Patienten konnte Bisacodyl bei gleichbleibender Stuhlfrequenz allmählich wieder abgesetzt werden.
Ambroxol znižuje frekvenciu kašľa (počas dňa aj v noci) a tým zlepšuje koncentráciu a kvalitu života
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

V tejto štúdii založenej na údajoch z lekární sa kládli otázky zákazníkom, ktorí použili jednu zo štyroch foriem dávkovania ambroxolu na akútny kašeľ. Výsledky ilustrovali liečivé prínosy ambroxolu pri samoliečbe akútneho kašľa. Rôzne formy dávkovania preukázali porovnateľnú účinnosť.
Alívio da tosse aguda por xarope para a tosse com mucoproteção
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

Dois estudos multicêntricos, controlados, em ocultação simples e aleatorizados investigaram o efeito terapêutico de uma barreira química e mecânica no trato respiratório superior produzida por xarope para a tosse à base de mel de resina polissacarídica em crianças com tosse aguda associada a uma constipação vulgar. A mucoproteção levou a um alívio significativo da tosse pediátrica comparativamente com xarope de carbocisteína ou placebo. O efeito benéfico foi particularmente visível em crianças com tosse grave e/ou episódios de tosse noturna.
Úľava od akútneho kašľa sirupom proti kašľu s mukoprotektívom
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

Dve randomizované, zaslepené, kontrolované, multicentrické štúdie skúmali liečebný účinok chemickej a mechanickej bariéry v horných dýchacích cestách vytvorenej sirupom proti kašľu na báze polysacharidovej živice a medu u detí s akútnym kašľom spojeným s bežným nachladnutím. Mukoprotekcia viedla k výraznej úľave od kašľa u detí v porovnaní s karbocysteínovým sirupom alebo placebom. Pozitívny účinok bol obzvlášť viditeľný u detí so závažným kašľom a/alebo epizódami nočného kašľa.
Ummetuksen esiintyminen ja hoito, erityisesti naisilla esiintyvät piirteet
Authors: Landes Sabine
Published: August 2022

Ummetus ei ole vain suolen toimintaa koskeva vaiva, vaan vaikuttaa myös siitä kärsivien ihmisten hyvinvointiin. Yli 5 000 henkilölle tehdyn verkkokyselyn perusteella havaittiin, että sekä fyysiset että emotionaaliset vaikutukset ovat naisilla usein voimakkaampia kuin miehillä. Hoidon osalta tiedot bisakodyylia ja natriumpikosulfaattia koskevista tutkimuksista osoittivat, että naiset saavuttivat laksatiiveilla hoitovasteen miehiä nopeammin, ja myös elämälaadun suhteen naiset hyötyivät hoidosta miehiä enemmän.
Magnio ir vitamino B6 derinio nauda, sveikiems suaugusiems žmonėms, kenčiantiems nuo ypač didelio streso ir hipomagnezemijos
Authors: Eberlin Marion
Published: August 2022

Šiuo atsitiktinių imčių viengubai aklu būdu atliktu klinikiniu tyrimu buvo lyginamas magnio papildų poveikis su magnio ir vitamino B6 derinio papildų poveikiu. Nors esant vidutiniam streso lygiui reikšmingų skirtumų tarp abiejų tyrimo grupių nebuvo, pacientams, sergantiems hipomagnezemija ir patiriantiems didelį ar ypač didelį stresą, magnio ir vitamino B6 derinio vartojimas buvo naudingas.
Nedávna metaanalýza účinnosti mätového oleja na syndróm dráždivého čreva
Authors: Weigmann Harald
Published: August 2022

Metaanalýza preukázala, že mätový olej je účinná a bezpečná liečivá látka na liečbu príznakov syndrómu dráždivého čreva. V siedmich klinických štúdiách bol mätový olej jasne nadradený placebu z hľadiska zlepšenia celkových príznakov syndrómu dráždivého čreva. Čo sa týka vedľajších účinkov, nebol zistený žiadny štatisticky signifikantný rozdiel medzi mätovým olejom a placebom.
Analgezice cu adjuvanți – asocierea analgezicelor cu cofeina
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

O analiză efectuată de Cochrane Collaboration a comparat efectele analgezice ale analgezicelor obișnuite cu cele ale analgezicelor combinate cu cofeină. La adăugarea de cofeină a crescut semnificativ proporția de pacienți care au simțit o diminuare eficace a durerii în toate afecțiunile dureroase investigate. Autorii nu au găsit dovezi de evenimente adverse grave legate de analgezic sau de cofeină.
Eficácia e tolerabilidade do ambroxol em crianças
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

Uma revisão resumiu numerosos dados clínicos publicados e ainda por publicar acerca do uso de ambroxol em crianças e avaliou os resultados. Foi demonstrado que ambroxol é um tratamento secretolítico eficaz em crianças com doenças respiratórias agudas e crónicas. Com base na monitorização contínua da segurança de ambroxol ao longo de muitos anos, o fármaco mostrou um perfil risco-benefício favorável em adultos e crianças de qualquer idade.
Účinnosť a znášanlivosť ambroxolu u detí
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

Prehľad zhrnul rozsiahle klinické, publikované, ako aj dovtedy nepublikované údaje o použití ambroxolu u detí a zhodnotil výsledky. Ukázalo sa, že ambroxol je účinná sekretolytická liečba u detí s akútnymi a chronickými ochoreniami dýchacích ciest. Na základe nepretržitého sledovania bezpečnosti ambroxolu počas mnohých rokov tento liek preukázal pozitívny profil prínosov a rizík u dospelých a detí v každom veku.
Macrogol – tratamento da obstipação com base nas diretrizes
Authors: Eberlin Marion , Schuett Tanja
Published: August 2022

Um aumento na frequência das evacuações e uma melhoria na consistência das fezes desempenham um papel decisivo no alívio da obstipação. Diretrizes internacionais e nacionais reconhecem o efeito positivo do macrogol relacionado com os dois parâmetros, com um elevado nível de evidência. É considerado bem tolerado e seguro. Algumas diretrizes recomendam os laxantes estimulantes bisacodil e picossulfato de sódio com o mesmo grau de recomendação.
Meta-analysis on the role of exercise in the treatment of constipation
Authors: Weiser Thomas , Landes Sabine
Published: August 2022

Current guidelines recommend life-style adjustment (including more exercise) as the first measure for treating constipation. This meta-analysis investigated the influence of exercise therapy on the symptoms of patients with chronic constipation. About half of participants in a exercise programme lasting several weeks experienced a positive effect on their symptoms. Studies with the laxatives bisacodyl and sodium picosulfate showed that these generally alleviated symptoms even within the first day of treatment.
Acute cough: for the first time, a clear recommendation for ambroxol as symptomatic treatment
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

According to the guidelines of the German Respiratory Society, an acute cold cough without clinical indications of pneumonia or other warning signs, is the domain of self-medication. The duration – up to two weeks – is pivotal for the classification "acute". From their assessment of randomised, controlled studies, the authors concluded that Ambroxol (like several herbal medicines), shortens the duration and/or reduces the intensity of cough in acute bronchitis. Dextromethorphan is recommended by the guideline authors for a dry, troublesome cough associated with an upper respiratory infection.
Treatment of acute pain: comparison of the efficacy of ibuprofen lysinate and ibuprofen
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Relief that is rapid and effective is wanted when treating pain. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of ibuprofen lysinate, ibuprofen acid and placebo in acute pain following the extraction of wisdom teeth. Ibuprofen lysinate and ibuprofen acid were similarly well-tolerated and similarly effective in terms of pain relief over six hours. But against expectations, the onset of action of ibuprofen lysinate was not significantly faster than that of ibuprofen acid.
Recent meta-analysis on the efficacy of peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Weigmann Harald
Published: August 2022

The meta-analysis demonstrated that peppermint oil is an effective and safe medicinal agent for treating the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. In seven clinical studies, peppermint oil was clearly superior to placebo in terms of the improvement in general symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. In relation to side effects, no statistically significant difference was detectable between peppermint oil and placebo.
Caffeine – stimulating and aromatic: but safe!
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

The European Food Safety Authority has undertaken a comprehensive risk assessment and concluded that life-long regular consumption of caffeine of up to 400 mg daily from the age of 18 by healthy adults and up to 200 mg in pregnant and breast-feeding women can be considered safe. A cross-section through various countries showed that caffeine consumption was within the safe range in 95% of those questioned.
Efficacy and tolerability of ambroxol in children
Authors: Mueck Tobias
Published: August 2022

A review summarised extensive clinical, published and as yet unpublished data on the use of ambroxol in children and evaluated the results. Ambroxol was shown to be an effective secretolytic treatment in children with acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Based on the continuous monitoring of ambroxol safety over many years, the drug showed a favourable benefit-risk profile in adults and children of any age.
Laxatives in children? New study confirms effectiveness and tolerability of long-term bisacodyl
Authors: Eberlin Marion
Published: August 2022

A retrospective study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of long-term and regular use of bisacodyl in children. Even when taken over a long period (mean duration of treatment: 14 months), bisacodyl was effective, safe and well-tolerated in children. Concerns about the development of dependence proved to be unwarranted; in most patients bisacodyl could be gradually withdrawn without any change in stool frequency.
Macrogol 4000: Evidenzbasierte Selbstmedikation bei funktioneller Obstipation
Authors: Eberlin Marion , Landes Sabine
Published: August 2022

Macrogol-Präparate zählen bei Kindern und Erwachsenen zur Erstlinientherapie bei Obstipation. Eine Übersichtsarbeit hat die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Macrogol 4000 im Vergleich zu Lactulose und Macrogol-Präparaten mit Elektrolyt-Zusätzen bestätigt. Das osmotische Laxans ist aus pharmakoökonomischen Gründen ebenfalls eine gute Empfehlung.
Makrogol 4000: samoliečba funkčnej zápchy založená na dôkazoch
Authors: Eberlin Marion , Landes Sabine
Published: August 2022

Prípravky s makrogolom sú jednou z liečob prvej línie na zápchu u detí aj dospelých. Výskum potvrdil účinnosť a znášanlivosť makrogolu 4000 v porovnaní s laktulózou a prípravkami s makrogolom s prídavkom elektrolytov. Toto osmotické laxatívum je odporúčané aj z makroekonomického hľadiska.
Macrogol 4000: automedicação baseada em evidências para a obstipação funcional
Authors: Eberlin Marion , Landes Sabine
Published: August 2022

Os preparados de macrogol são um dos tratamentos de primeira linha para a obstipação em crianças e adultos. Uma revisão confirmou a eficácia e a tolerabilidade de macrogol 4000 em comparação com preparados de lactulose e macrogol com adição de eletrólitos. O laxante osmótico é também uma boa recomendação em termos farmacoeconómicos.
Mikronährstoffkombination plus DHA in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Seibel Jens
Published: August 2022

Die multizentrische, parallele, randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie bewertete die einmal tägliche Supplementierung mit 12 Vitaminen, 6 Mineralstoffen und Docosahexaensäure (DHA) auf mütterliche Biomarker und säuglingsspezifische Parameter in der Schwangerschaft. Die Ergebnisse zeigten unter anderem eine Verbesserung des DHA- und Vitamin-D-Status bei guter Verträglichkeit und hoher Sicherheit.
Bisacodilo: resultados abrangentes servem de base ao uso eficaz e seguro na obstipação
Authors: Landes Sabine , Eberlin Marion , Lange Robert
Published: August 2022

Pela primeira vez desde que foi autorizada a introdução do bisacodilo no mercado, na década de 1950, uma revisão atualizada forneceu um resumo completo dos dados farmacológicos e clínicos relativos a este laxante procinético e secretagógico. Tomando como base os conhecimentos adquiridos após inúmeros anos de experiência com o fármaco, a revisão proporciona uma orientação prática sobre o aconselhamento dos pacientes para garantir um uso ainda mais eficaz e seguro do bisacodilo.
Mekanik Alaşımlanmış AlCuCrFeNi Yüksek Entropili Alaşımının Fiziksel Buhar Biriktirme Tekniği İle Kaplanabilirliğinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Yunus Emre , DÖLEKER Kadir Mert , KURU Mehmet , SÜNBÜL Sefa Emre , İCİN Kürşat
Published: August 2022

Yüksek entropili alaşımlar sahip oldukları üstün özellikleri sayesinde süper alaşımlara alternatif olarak önerilmektedir. Yüksek entropili alaşımlar araştırılmaya devam ettikçe ortaya çıkan özgün ve üstün özellikleri sayesinde geniş alanlarda kullanılabilir olmasıyla birlikte önemi gittikçe artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada mekanik alaşımlama tekniği ile AlCuCrFeNi tozları sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen tozlarda YMK (Yüzey Merkezli Kübik), HMK (Hacim Merkezli Kübik) ve B2 fazları tespit edilmiştir. Tozlar peletlendikten sonra fiziksel buhar biriktirme (FBB) tekniği ile Monel 400 altlık malzeme üzerine biriktirilmiştir. Üretilen kaplamanın mikroyapısal özellikleri incelenmiştir. Üretim sonrası homojene yakın bir ince film tabakası üretilmiştir.
AISI 329 Paslanmaz Çeliğin Frezelenmesinde Farklı Surfaktan Katkılı CuO Nanoakışkanların Performans Değerlendirmesi
Authors: DEMİR İbrahim , KIVAK Turgay , ŞİRİN Şenol
Published: August 2022

Nanoakışkanlar metal işleme sektöründe, işleme performansına son derece olumlu katkılar sunmaktadır. Son yıllarda özellikle nanoakışkanlar üzerine çalışmalar yoğunlaşmakla birlikte raf ömrü ve homojenliği bir merak konusudur. Homojen bir nanoakışkan elde etme ve karışımın raf ömrünü artırma adına farklı yüzey aktif maddeler (surfaktanlar) karışıma eklenebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, CuO nanopartikül katkılı bitkisel esaslı yağın içerisine farklı oranlarda cetiltrimetilamonyum bromid (CTAB), polivinilpolipirolidon (PVP) ve sodyum dodesil sülfat (SDS) eklenerek nanoakışkan karışımlar hazırlanmıştır. Aynı oranlarda eklenen surfaktanların işleme performansı üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi adına AISI 329 dubleks paslanmaz çelik malzemeye bir dizi frezeleme deneyi uygulanmıştır. Deneyler Taguchi L9 deney seti kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneylerde girdi parametresi olarak üç farklı surfaktan (CTAB, PVP ve SDS), kesme hızı (120, 160 ve 200 m/dak), ilerleme (0.10-0.15 ve 0.20 mm/dev) seçilmiştir. Performans kriteri olarak yüzey pürüzlülüğü (Ra), kesme sıcaklığı (T) ve takım aşınması tercih edilmiştir. Faktörlere ait etki düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Deneylerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre; PVP surfaktan katkılı CuO nanoakışkanın Ra, kesme sıcaklığı ve takım aşınmasında en iyi performansı gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır.
AISI 8620 (20NiCrMo2) Çeliğinin Mekanik Özelliklerine Kriyojenik İşlemin Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: GÜNEY Furkan , KAM Menderes
Published: August 2022

Bu deneysel çalışmada, günümüzde imalat, savunma sanayinde, yüksek zorlamalara maruz kalan dişliler, miller, makine ve otomobil parçalarının imalatında yaygın olarak kullanılan AISI 8620 (20NiCrMo2) çeliğinin, gaz sementasyon işlemi yapıldıktan sonra uygulanan derin kriyojenik işlemin mekanik özellikler üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda hazırlanan çelik numunelere sementasyon yöntemi belirlenen sıcaklık-zaman değerlerinde uygulanmıştır. Bu işleme tamamlayıcı bir işlem olan derin kriyojenik işlem -196 °C sıcaklık değerinde ve sonrasında numunelere 200 °C’de 2 saat temperleme işlemi uygulanmıştır. Numunelerin mekanik özelliklerinin belirlenebilmesi için çekme, mikro-makro sertlik ve darbe testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu testlerden elde edilen bulgular analiz edilmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, kriyojenik işlemin mekanik özellikler üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğunu, kriyojenik işlemli numunelerin diğer numunelere göre daha yüksek sertlik ve çekme dayanımlarına sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Derin kriyojenik işlemli numuneler sementasyon işlemli numunelere göre çekme dayanımı, kopma dayanımı ve sertlik değerlerinde sırasıyla %7, %8 ve % 3.5’luk, darbe direnci değerinde ise % 2’lik bir artış olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca mikroyapısına bakılan numunelerin, kriyojenik işlemin etkisi ile yapının homojen ve ince taneli olarak değiştiği görülmektedir.
Trace elements, macro minerals and iron forms content, in meat of Pampa Rocha pig reared indoor and outdoor with pasture
Authors: Carballo Cecilia , Espino Nandy , Vodanovich Ana , Ferrando Marcelo , Saadoun Ali , Cabrera María Cristina
Published: August 2022

Pampa Rocha pig (PRp) is a local breed present and produced in Uruguay. Twenty-three pigs were used housed indoor (I) and outdoor with pasture (O), live weight 94.5 and 91.5 kilograms (kg), respectively. Animals were fed with concentrate in both systems, but pasture access was granted to the animals in the O. After slaughtering, the Longissimus dorsi (LD), Psoas major (PM), Gluteus medius (GM), Semitendinosus (ST), Biceps femoral (BF), and Quadriceps femoris (QF) were sampled to be analyzed. In O, the growth of pigs was lower, and improved the concentrate intake:live weight gain. The content of heme iron and the ratio Fe Heme/Fe Total were higher in outdoor. The LD muscle showed lower total and heme iron content. For ham, QF showed the highest values of heme iron. No differences were observed between systems or muscles in the content of Ca, Mg, and K. The Na content was similar in both systems, and higher in PM. No differences were observed between production systems for trace elements content. According to the results obtained, it is possible to produce PRp meat with interesting mineral content, in two alternative systems to the classic confinement. This breed produces healthier meat in O. It could be interesting to exploit some differences founded between LD and PM muscles, which are normally consumed as fresh meat, and are adapted to the different demands of human nutrition. Rearing in O that include pastures is a good way to promote and add nutritional value to this local breed.
Contributing Factors of Anemia in Pregnancy in the Twifo Atti-Morkwa District in Ghana
Authors:   Catholic University College of Ghana, Fiapre-Sunyani, Bono Region, Ghana, Fiavor Felix , Mwini-Nyaledzigbor Prudence Portia ,   Professor, Faculty of Health and Allied Science, Catholic University College of Ghana, Hector Amonoo George ,   Ghana Health Services Twifo/Ati Morkwa District Health Directorate, Ofori Yaw ,   Ghana Health Service Dunkwa on Offin, Municipal Hospital
Published: August 2022

The study determined the factors influencing anemia among pregnant women in the Twifo Atti-Morkwa District of Ghana. This study employed a hospital-based cross-sectional study design to assess the risk factors for anemia among pregnant women. About 430 pregnant women attending antenatal care services in all health facilities in the Twifo Atti-Morkwa district were used as respondents for the study. Data were collected quantitatively using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered using a face-to-face interview process. The data were analyzed using STATA version 15 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas 77845, USA). Pearson’s chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to find the variables significantly associated with anemia in pregnancy at a p-value of 0.05. The findings showed the respondents were within the age range of 15 to 45 years, with a mean age of 26.36 years. Only 49.07% of them had visited ANC at least 4 times. Additionally, 50.93% of them started ANC attendance in the first trimester of their pregnancy. The majority of them (89.77%) attended ANC regularly. Most of them indicated that they took routine ANC drugs, and among them, 91.75% took iron supplements, 87.63% took folic acid, and 49.74% took Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and 66.75% took multivitamins. Despite the regular ANC attendance, high intake of iron and folic acid supplements, and high utilization of ITN, the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy at 36 weeks of gestation in the Twifo Atti-Morkwa district was high. Anemia at 36 weeks of gestation was significantly associated with factors such as the number of ANC visits, gravidity, gestational age at the start of ANC, malaria infection, and intake of food supplements. To address the burden of anemia in pregnancy in the district, it is vital to note that supplements alone are not adequate. There, therefore, is a need for intensive education on other strategies such as deworming, nutrition, and adherence to Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine to improve general health in women before and during pregnancy.
Contributing Factors of Anemia in Pregnancy in the Twifo Atti-Morkwa District in Ghana
Authors:   University of Energy and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana, Nkansah Lydia
Published: August 2022

The exploding global population is presenting a new challenge of providing food for further billions of people against the backdrop of the challenges of already existing hunger and malnutrition, climate change, emerging destructive crop and animal diseases, and the pressure being exerted on arable lands by several other anthropological demands. Providing food for the world in the foreseeable future, therefore, requires the revolutionization of the agricultural sector as it stands today. Agricultural biotechnology has evolved over three decades and has presented itself as a critical avenue for addressing the perennial food production insecurity situations; particularly in Africa and other food-insecure regions of the world. This study sought to review agricultural biotechnology in Africa by assessing its current state and the future prospects of the technology on the African continent. The adoption and utilization of biotechnology in Africa have been faced with serious challenges of ethical, religious, environmental contamination, and health risks issues. Adoption of biotechnology and genetically modified (GM) products have only been achieved in a few countries in Africa on a small-scale basis and under a few selected crops. Inadequate legislation, unenhanced public education, and the spread of misconceptions by anti-GM technology activists remain a strong challenge to navigate around for the smooth adoption of the technology on the African continent. Smallholder farmers in Africa also harbor serious apprehension over seed monopoly and erosion of the traditional seed quality with neo-colonial intentions by the developers of the technology. Anti-GM sentiments based on misconceptions are deeply rooted in many African countries, heightening fear of its adoption. A stronger and more elaborate public education strategy that highlights the benefits of biotechnology and assures the people of the risk levels of the technology, and further research to alleviate public anxiety is critical for the adoption of biotechnology and GM products in Africa.
Lower Limb Skin Graft Failure: Incidence and Risk Factors: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Shah Syed Aaqil , Anwar Rabia , Ali Mahak , Kiran Saba , Naseem Aiman , Kashif Hassan
Published: August 2022

Aim: To determine the incidence and risk factors of lower limb skin graft failure. Study design: A longitudinal study Place and duration: This study was conducted at Patel Hospital Karachi Pakistan from January 2021 to January 2022 Methodology: The study incorporated all the patients who required skin Grafts for lower limbs. Patient characteristics and diseases were noted. All Grafts were conducted with tried-and-true methods. Transplant history with immunosuppression, Anticoagulation/ antiplatelet treatments, and anatomical wound location was noted. Weight-bearing status of the wound size at the time of STSG placement, wound size 14 days post-STSG, and wound size 45 days post-STSG were examined. Patients were observed for six weeks after the transplant for graft take. Data were evaluated using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 62 patients received 79 skin Grafts, including multiple grafts for 17 individuals. The mean age of patients was 68 ± 9.2 years. The medium BMI of patients was 28. 19 (30.6%). A total of 11 (17.74%) patients had ischemic heart disease, and 19 (30.6%) had venous insufficiency. Immunosuppressant use 4 (6.4%), Diabetes 9 (14.5 %), and Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) were observed in 24 (39%) of patients. A significant association was observed with BMI, Immunosuppressant use, and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Conclusion: Skin Grafts on the lower limb fail more frequently than skin grafts on other body parts. Proper observation and treatment may reduce the risk of infection and hematoma. Skin graft failure rates are still high, and several contributing factors are associated with this condition. Immunosuppression use and BMI were the contributing factors in the present study Keywords: Body mass index, Immunosuppression, Lower extremity, Reconstruction, Skin grafts
Results of Split Thickness Skin Grafts after Scalp Rotation Flap Surgeries: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kashif Hassan , Manzoor Shazia , Ali Mahak , Naseem Aiman , Kiran Saba , Shah Syed Aaqil
Published: August 2022

Aim: To assess outcome of Split thickness skin grafts after scalp rotation flap Surgeries. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration:This study was conducted at Patel Hospital Karachi Pakistan fromFebruary 2021 to February 2022. Methodology: This study aimed to assess clinical features, patient demographics, results, and long-term follow-up to identify its effectiveness in other procedures. A total of 15 individuals were incorporated in the present study, those who had combination scalp reconstruction and cranioplasty with anSplit thickness skin graftsfor local donor site covering. Before surgery, five patients (33.3 %) were classified as having "high complexity" scalp abnormalities. Six (40 %) patients were large, while 9 (60 %) were medium size. The remaining grafts were inset over bare Calvarial bone, while 10 (66.7%) were inset over vascularized muscle or pericranium. Results: The authors observed that all Split thickness skin grafts in this group were successful 93.3 % of the time (14/15). Due to poor take, grafts failed were observed in 1 patient. Because of the excellent success rate in this series, no patient risk factors were observed to be associated with transplant failure. Furthermore, whether the graft resided over bone or vascularized muscle/pericranium did not affect the success rate. Conclusion: Cranioplasty poses a challenge to surgeons. Split thickness skin Grafting has shown more promising results with simple techniques than other multifaceted reconstructive methods. Keywords:Calvarial bone, Cranioplasty, Split thickness skin grafts ,Percranium, Skin grafts
A Prospective Study on Treatment of Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis and its Clinical Presentation
Authors: Khan Atif Ahmed , Shah Arshad Ali , Shah Syed Dilbahar Ali , Aslam Muhammad , Raza Syed Ahsan
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives: The thrombosis of prosthetic valve is a lethal complication following replacement surgery of the valve. Few patients report with a thrombotic complication because of poor status of anticoagulation with unbalanced checks of INR. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical profile and treatment of thrombosis of prosthetic valve. Study Design: A prospective observational study. Place and Duration: In the Cardiology department of National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi and Nawabshah for one-year duration from January 2021 to December 2021. Methods: 50 patients with prosthetic valve thrombosis diagnosis were included in this study and analyzed. The clinical parameters, demographic profile and one-year follow-up along with in-hospital outcome were analyzed. Results: Out of 50 patients; there were 37(74%) females, aged 11 to 67, with 35.5 ± 7.5 years of mean age. 30 subjects (60%) had a subtherapeutic INR value on admission. Atrial fibrillation occurred in 48% of patients on admission. 78% of patients reported in the first week of onset of symptoms, and the main complaint was dyspnoea, which occurred in 90% of patients. Streptokinase thrombolysis was performed in 46 (92%) patients, and surgery was performed in 4 patients. 42 (84%) patients had Mitral valve thrombosis and 8 (16%) patients had isolated aortic valve thrombosis. 14% was the in-hospital mortality, and no new strokes or major bleeding were observed. Conclusions: Most patients with prosthetic valve thrombosis showed subtherapeutic value of INR and poor patient compliance. Thrombolysis is a beneficial selection for treating patients with thrombosis of prosthetic valve, particularly in Pakistan. Keywords: Thrombolysis, prosthetic valve thrombosis, subtherapeutic.
Outcome of Transforaminal Epidural Injections in Patients with Lumbar Radicular Pain
Authors: Munir Arshan , Rahim Inam Ur , Rahim Arzoo , Farooq Mohammad , Khan Haris Azeem , Ali Waleed , Sattar Mamoon
Published: August 2022

Background: Backache is quite a common problem in adults.one of the common reasons for this is compression on nerve roots due to disc bulge. The pain may start from back and radiate to legs. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids when injected by transforaminal route. Study design: This descriptive study was conducted at Orthopedic Unit 2 Mayo Hospital Lahore. The duration of the study was six months from January 2018 to June 2018. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on the 127 patients attended the orthopedic department of our institute hospital. The ethical and review board committee of the hospital approved the study. Every participant was informed about the study and they willingly signed the written consent. According to the inclusion criteria the patients of age above than 18 diagnosed with the lumber pain. The 127 patients of both genders that were included in the study were given transforaminal epidural injections (TEI). The results were studied after 4 weeks. The pain reduction was scored using Oswesrty Disability Index (ODI). The age range of the patients included in the study was from 20 to 80 years. SPSS 5 was used for statistics analysis of the data collected. Results: The calculated mean ODI of patients at the start was 73.90+ and after four weeks it was reduced to 27.62-+8.66. The mean ODI score at baseline of the patients was 73.90±7.64 with lowest and highest value of 46 & 94 respectively. The average ODI score at 4th week of the patients was 27.62±8.66 with lowest and highest values of 10 & 60. The study results showed that the average reduction of ODI from baseline to 4th week of the patients was 46.29± 10.98 with lowest and highest reduction of 20 & 68. Conclusion: This study concluded that a significant reduction in mean pain score was noted with transforaminal Injections in patients with lumbar radical pain. It can be recommended to be used in patients with lumbar radical pain. The pain reduction was statistical significant after TEI. Keywords: Transforaminal epidural injection, Oswesrty score, lumbar radicular pain.
A Study on the Possible Obstructions Amongst Health Care Professionals in the Management of Patients Presenting with Covid-19
Authors: Khan Salman , Tora Ayesha , Tora Syed Haroon , Wisal Amir , Khan Saad
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the awareness level of HCPs (Health Care Professionals) in Pakistan regarding the management of patients presenting with COVID-19. We assessed awareness levels regarding measures to control infection control as well as available professional and administrative support. We also assessed psychological factors that may act as barriers to effective management of such patients. Methodology: This study was carried out at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. The study was carried out online with the utilization of Google Form. After obtaining ethical committee approval, the online link was disseminated to health care professionals utilizing social media. Results: A total of 213 HCPs participated. The majority of the HCPs were younger than 30 years of age and most were undergoing postgraduate training. The findings displayed gaps in awareness levels regarding basic measures for infection control such as donning & doffing, and understanding of procedures associated with high-risk. Compromises in job training, administrative and professional support were identified. The majority of HCPs exhibited anxiety, having symptoms associated with burnout, with logical reasons in background. Even with such hurdles existing, HCPs remained committed and willing to perform their duties to save humankind. Conclusion: HCPs in Pakistan require urgent attention for the provision of formal training regarding measures to control infection. There is need for professional as well as administrative support from scientific societies and institutions. Possible options include online teaching modules & webinars. Symptoms of burnout were prevalent and may increase over time. These perspectives warrant additional support from the various committees of occupational health. Keywords: Healthcare Professionals, Measures, Support, High-Risk COVID Symptoms, Institutions, Webinar.
Electroencephalogram Spectrum in Children with Neurological Disorders an Experience of Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kulsoom Shazia , Majid Erum , Soomro Shazia , Bano Sanam , Muhammad Taj , Khoso Zubair
Published: August 2022

Background and Objective: For evaluation of brain function in medical and psychiatric disorders one of the important investigative tool is Electroencephalogram (EEG) . There are limited studies overall related to use of EEG however in pediatric population there is scarcity of standard data related to topic Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal EEG and related neurological disorders in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 664 EEG was done. One year record from 1st October 2020 to 30th September 2021 was reviewed .EEG request forms and reports were retrieved from neurophysiology lab data of the institute. A structured Pre-designed questionnaire used for collection of data information collected include demographics , history and conclusion were noted on the proforma. Results: Total of 664 childrens has complete Electroencephalogram and bio-demographic records. The Mean age was 5.5 ± 4 SD at presentation was . Males 375( 63.5%) and 290(43.6%) were females. Males to female ratio was. Among total ,375 (56%) EEG were normal, while 408(61.4%) patients had history of seizure. whereas 256 ( 38.5%) had provisional diagnosis other than seizure and 61 (29%) of them abnormal EEG tracing. Conclusion: In developing countries EEG yet plays an essential role in the evaluation of neurological disorder particularly epilepsy. Therefore efforts needed to establish fully equipped neurophysiology facilities at least in tertiary care pediatric hospitals for early diagnosis and optimum prognosis. Keywords: Electroencephalogram, Neurological Disorders, patterns