bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Kudiezi Injection on Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Jin Xianglan , Chen Baoxin , Liu Xiaohan , Liang Xiao , Fang Xiaolei , Wu Hongyun , Fu Xiaoyu , Zheng Hong , Ding Xiao , Duan Na , Zhang Yunling
Published: September 2018

Background. Kudiezi injection is a traditional Chinese medicine for acute cerebral infarction, but the exact mechanisms are poorly understood. Objective. To investigate the mechanisms of Kudiezi injection on the inflammatory response in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Methods. This was a prospective study of patients with acute cerebral infarction within 48 h of onset and treated between July 2012 and July 2016 at three hospitals in China. The patients were randomized to routine treatments (control group) versus routine treatments and Kudiezi injection (Kudiezi group). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Score was assessed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14. The patients were tested for serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (S100 calcium-binding protein B, neuron-specific enolase, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-18, and matrix metaloproteinase-9; by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) immediately after admission and on days 3, 5, and 14. Results. Stroke scores were improved in both groups from days 1 to 14. On days 5 and 7, stroke scores in the Kudiezi group were lower than in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with controls, the Kudiezi group had lower serum S100 calcium-binding protein B on day 14; higher interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 on day 3; lower interleukin-6 and interleukin-18 on day 5; and lower interleukin-18 and matrix metaloproteinase-9 on day 14. Conclusion. Kudiezi injection could lead to early reduction of interleukin-6, interleukin-18, matrix metaloproteinase-9, neuron-specific enolase, and S100 calcium-binding protein B levels and increases of interleukin-10 levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01636154.
PAK5 Induces EMT and Promotes Cell Migration and Invasion by Activating the PI3K/AKT Pathway in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Li Diyou , Pan Yinglin , Huang Yating , Zhang Ping , Fang Xuhong
Published: September 2018

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer and currently ranks fifth in causing cancer-related deaths among women. P21cdc42/rac1-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) is a newly identified protein that has been indicated to have oncogenic potential. The present study investigated the expression level of PAK5 in clinical ovarian cancer and the functional roles of PAK5 in ovarian cancer progression. It was initially found that PAK5 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues, particularly in patients with distant metastasis. Higher expression of PAK5 predicted poor survival fates in patients with ovarian cancer (p=0.008). Knockdown of PAK5 in SKOV3 cells caused epithelial cell phenotypes, whereas overexpression of PAK5 led to remarkable mesenchymal cell phenotypes in A2780 cells. When PAK5 was depleted from SKOV3 cells, cells exhibited impaired wound recovery abilities. Cell migration and invasion abilities were also significantly inhibited. On the contrary, when PAK5 was overexpressed in A2780 cells, the wound recovery ability was enhanced by 68%. Cell migration and invasion abilities were consistently increased to approximately 2-fold. After knockdown of PAK5, the phosphorylation levels of PI3K p85 at Tyr458 and its downstream AKT at Ser473 were both decreased. The total protein of PI3K and AKT as well as the phosphorylation level of AKT at Thr308 remained unaffected. These data suggested that PI3K induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and promoted cell migration and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in ovarian cancer. The oncogenic potential of PAK5 in ovarian cancer might suggest that any therapeutic strategies targeting PAK5 had the promising value for ovarian cancer treatment.
An Anonymous Authentication Protocol Based on Cloud for Telemedical Systems
Authors: Li Wenmin , Zhang Shuo , Su Qi , Wen Qiaoyan , Chen Yang
Published: September 2018

Telecare medical information systems (TMIS) enable patients to access healthcare delivery services conveniently. With the explosive development occurring in cloud computing and services, storage of personal medical and health information outsourcing to cloud infrastructure has been a potential alternative. However, this has entailed many considerable security and privacy issues. In order to address the security loopholes, we propose a promising solution satisfying the requirements of cloud computing scenarios for telemedical systems. The proposed scheme could provide both data confidentiality and message authenticity while preserving anonymity. Furthermore, the formal security proof demonstrates that the proposed scheme is resistant to various attacks. The performance comparisons show the proposal’s workability and it is well suited to adoption in telemedical services.
Global Dynamics of Some 3 × 6 Systems of Exponential Difference Equations
Authors: Khan A. Q. , Sharif A.
Published: September 2018

We study the global dynamics of a list of following 3×6 systems of exponential difference equations: xn+1=α4+β4e-yn/γ4+yn-1, yn+1=α5+β5e-zn/γ5+zn-1, zn+1=α6+β6e-xn/γ6+xn-1, xn+1=α7+β7e-zn/γ7+zn-1, yn+1=α8+β8e-xn/γ8+xn-1, zn+1=α9+β9e-yn/γ9+yn-1, xn+1=α10+β10e-xn/γ10+xn-1, yn+1=α11+β11e-yn/γ11+zn-1, zn+1=α12+β12e-zn/γ12+yn-1, xn+1=α13+β13e-xn/γ13+zn-1, yn+1=α14+β14e-yn/γ14+yn-1, zn+1=α15+β15e-zn/γ15+xn-1, xn+1=α16+β16e-xn/γ16+yn-1, yn+1=α17+β17e-yn/γ17+xn-1,  zn+1=α18+β18e-zn/γ18+zn-1, where αi,βi,γi,i=4,5,⋯,18 and the initial conditions x0,x-1,y0,y-1,z0,z-1 are arbitrary nonnegative real numbers. This proposed work is considerably extended and improve some existing results in the literature. Some numerical examples are given to not only verify our theoretical results but also provide different types of qualitative behavior of solution of these systems.
Fatigue Characteristics of Limestone under Triaxial Compression with Cyclic Loading
Authors: Yang Yongjie , Duan Huiqiang , Xing Luyi , Ning Shan , Lv Jiakun
Published: September 2018

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the fatigue properties of limestone subjected to triaxial compression with axial cyclic loading. Tests were conducted on intact limestone samples with a loading frequency of 0.5 Hz and a confining pressure of 10 MPa. The test results show the following five points. (1) Under triaxial conditions, the axial and circumferential deformations at the failure point induced by cyclic loading are slightly larger than the corresponding deformations at the peak stress achieved by conventional compression tests. (2) The first level cyclic loading process has a strong influence on rock deformation in the primary phase during subsequent level cyclic loading. A smaller difference in stress amplitude between the two loading stress levels leads to less deformation during the latter. (3) Circumferential and volumetric changes are more sensitive to fatigue failure in terms of deformation and strain rate than axial changes. (4) The three phases of dissipated energy evolution are consistent with a sample’s deformation such that the energy dissipation characteristics reflect the fatigue damage evolution process. (5) A new damage formula is proposed that can concisely describe a rock’s zero‐cycle damage and damage evolution.
Design and Application of Blasting Parameters for Presplitting Hard Roof with the Aid of Empty‐Hole Effect
Authors: Chen Baobao , Liu Changyou , Yang Jingxuan
Published: September 2018

Theoretical calculation and numerical simulation were performed to analyze the mechanism of rock fracturing between holes in deep‐hole presplit blasting, crack evolution under the synergistic action of dynamic and static loads, and the mechanism of fracture movement guided by tangential stress concentration of empty holes. The pattern and characteristic zones of main and wing cracks across a cross section were identified. Combined with blast dynamics, the scope of stress‐induced cracks around blast holes and the maximum length of secondary cracks induced by detonation gas was calculated. It was found that the initiation and extension of cracks were oriented predominantly along the line passing through the hole centers (LPTHC). Moreover, the maximum length of the tensile crack zone induced by reflected stress waves was obtained. The effects of empty‐hole diameter and charge coefficient on crack propagation were analyzed, and the proper blast‐hole spacing was determined. Later, a LS‐DYNA3D blast model was used to illustrate von Mises stress propagation, strain variation, and evolution of main and wing cracks between holes. The scope of strain failure, fracture pattern, and crack characteristic zones in the rock mass was determined. The results demonstrate that the hole spacing, at 3.2 m, is reasonable. Furthermore, blasting parameters were determined for 8939 working face at Xinzhouyao Mine and then deep‐hole blasting was implemented to presplit the hard roof. After presplitting, the working resistance of supports was significantly reduced, thereby achieving effective control on the hard roof.
Parameter Estimation in Ordinary Differential Equations Modeling via Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Akman Devin , Akman Olcay , Schaefer Elsa
Published: September 2018

Researchers using ordinary differential equations to model phenomena face two main challenges among others: implementing the appropriate model and optimizing the parameters of the selected model. The latter often proves difficult or computationally expensive. Here, we implement Particle Swarm Optimization, which draws inspiration from the optimizing behavior of insect swarms in nature, as it is a simple and efficient method for fitting models to data. We demonstrate its efficacy by showing that it outstrips evolutionary computing methods previously used to analyze an epidemic model.
Super-Resolution of Magnetic Resonance Images via Convex Optimization with Local and Global Prior Regularization and Spectrum Fitting
Authors: Kawamura Naoki , Yokota Tatsuya , Hontani Hidekata
Published: September 2018

Given a low-resolution image, there are many challenges to obtain a super-resolved, high-resolution image. Many of those approaches try to simultaneously upsample and deblur an image in signal domain. However, the nature of the super-resolution is to restore high-frequency components in frequency domain rather than upsampling in signal domain. In that sense, there is a close relationship between super-resolution of an image and extrapolation of the spectrum. In this study, we propose a novel framework for super-resolution, where the high-frequency components are theoretically restored with respect to the frequency fidelities. This framework helps to introduce multiple simultaneous regularizers in both signal and frequency domains. Furthermore, we propose a new super-resolution model where frequency fidelity, low-rank (LR) prior, low total variation (TV) prior, and boundary prior are considered at once. The proposed method is formulated as a convex optimization problem which can be solved by the alternating direction method of multipliers. The proposed method is the generalized form of the multiple super-resolution methods such as TV super-resolution, LR and TV super-resolution, and the Gerchberg method. Experimental results show the utility of the proposed method comparing with some existing methods using both simulational and practical images.
Active Thermal Sensor for Improved Distributed Temperature Sensing in Haptic Arrays
Authors: Cheneler D. , Ward M. C. L.
Published: September 2018

The efficacy of integrating temperature sensors into compliant pressure sensing technologies, such as haptic sensing arrays, is limited by thermal losses into the substrate. A solution is proposed here whereby an active heat sink is incorporated into the sensor to mitigate these losses, while still permitting the use of common VLSI manufacturing methods and materials to be used in sensor fabrication. This active sink is capable of responding to unknown fluctuations in external temperature, that is, the temperature that is to be measured, and directly compensates in real time for the thermal power loss into the substrate by supplying an equivalent amount of power back into the thermal sensor. In this paper, the thermoelectric effects of the active heat sink/thermal sensor system are described and used to reduce the complexity of the system to a simple one-dimensional numerical model. This model is incorporated into a feedback system used to control the active heat sink and monitor the sensor output. A fabrication strategy is also described to show how such a technology can be incorporated into a common bonded silicon-on-insulator- (BSOI-) based capacitive pressure sensor array such as that used in some haptic sensing systems.
An Improved Multiobjective Algorithm: DNSGA2-PSA
Authors: Qu Dan , Ding Xianfeng , Wang Hongmei
Published: September 2018

In general, the proximities to a certain diversity along the front and the Pareto front have the equal importance for solving multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs). However, most of the existing evolutionary algorithms give priority to the proximity over the diversity. To improve the diversity and decrease execution time of the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), an improved algorithm is presented in this paper, which adopts a new vector ranking scheme to decrease the whole runtime and utilize Part and Select Algorithm (PSA) to maintain the diversity. In this algorithm, a more efficient implementation of nondominated sorting, namely, dominance degree approach for nondominated sorting (DDA-NS), is presented. Moreover, an improved diversity preservation mechanism is proposed to select a well-diversified set out of an arbitrary given set. By embedding PSA and DDA-NS into NSGA-II, denoted as DNSGA2-PSA, the whole runtime of the algorithm is decreased significantly and the exploitation of diversity is enhanced. The computational experiments show that the combination of both (DDA-NS, PSA) to NSGA-II is better than the isolated use cases, and DNSGA2-PSA still performs well in the high-dimensional cases.
Data Colonialism: Rethinking Big Data’s Relation to the Contemporary Subject
Authors: Couldry Nick , Mejias Ulises A.
Published: September 2018

We are often told that data are the new oil. But unlike oil, data are not a substance found in nature. It must be appropriated. The capture and processing of social data unfolds through a process we call data relations, which ensures the “natural” conversion of daily life into a data stream. The result is nothing less than a new social order, based on continuous tracking, and offering unprecedented new opportunities for social discrimination and behavioral influence. We propose that this process is best understood through the history of colonialism. Thus, data relations enact a new form of data colonialism, normalizing the exploitation of human beings through data, just as historic colonialism appropriated territory and resources and ruled subjects for profit. Data colonialism paves the way for a new stage of capitalism whose outlines we only glimpse: the capitalization of life without limit.
Older adults using a patient portal: registration and experiences, one year after implementation
Authors: Wildenbos Gaby Anne , Maasri Karim , Jaspers Monique , Peute Linda
Published: September 2018

Background and objectives

The interest of older adults in using patient portals is rising, yet subject to functional and usability barriers. This study aims to gain insight into registration rates and experiences of older adult patients using a patient portal, one year after implementation in an academic hospital.

Methods

Registration rates for one year were collected via automated data extraction. Older adult patients’ experiences were collected through a survey, available via the portal in the last three months of the year.

Results

Older adults were a large user group of the patient portal and appreciated its functionalities. In one year, 10,679 older adult patients (aged 56+) registered, which constituted 47% of total portal registrations. The 131 older adult survey respondents had a mean age of 64.5 years and 40% indicated that they liked to review their medical information and appointments via the portal. Yet, older adults experienced user interaction issues and had higher expectations of content within the portal and patient/provider communication through the portal. Of the survey respondents, 22% experienced usability issues at login and in viewing test results, 15% commented on late or no responses by providers on patients’ sent messages and 24% expected the portal to provide medical history information. Implications: Patient portal designs should be optimized to usability needs of older adults. Portals preferably include medical history information, physicians’ notes and require prompt responses of providers.
Ultrasound-Guided, Continuous Brachial Plexus Blockade in a Neonate With Upper Extremity Limb Ischemia: A Case Report
Authors: Hubbard Richard M. , Cappuccio Ellise C. , Martin David P. , Dairo Olamide O. , Smith Timothy P. , Corridore Marco , Bhalla Tarun , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: September 2018

Regional anesthetic blocks, especially in-dwelling catheters, are infrequently used in neonates and infants. The following report describes a neonate with a gangrenous right upper extremity requiring multiple painful debridements over several weeks. A brachial plexus catheter was placed using ultrasound guidance, and a continuous infusion of a local anesthetic was used to provide postoperative pain control. After the initial procedures, bolus doses of a local anesthetic agent provided surgical anesthesia for dressing changes, thus obviating the need for multiple general anesthetics. This case demonstrates the potential efficacy of regional techniques to both treat pain and limit anesthetic exposures in neonates.
Chinese students’ perceptions of the ‘good citizen’: Obedience to an authoritarian regime
Authors: Li Hui
Published: September 2018

All regimes, both democratic and non-democratic, have a bias towards the type of ‘good citizen’ they require. Mainland China, as a typical authoritarian regime, actively proposes and defines its idea of a ‘good citizen’ and implements civic education to cultivate students into becoming the ‘good citizen’ it necessitates. This article is based on research employing qualitative methods to compare the ‘good citizen’ as defined by Chinese authorities with the perceptions of junior high-school students. The purpose of this article is to examine whether students feel they can fulfil the role of ‘good citizen’ as required by the Chinese authoritarian regime. It argues that the majority of students’ perceptions of a ‘good citizen’ are consistent with what Chinese authorities desire. Furthermore, this article indicates that the state’s strong capacity to support the authoritarian regime most likely accounts for the students’ obedience in adopting the qualities of the regime’s desired ‘good citizen’ in mainland China.
A new virtue-centred education for democratic citizenship
Authors: Yu Tianlong
Published: September 2018

Guided by a commitment to democratic citizenship needed in Chinese society, this paper makes the case for a new virtue-centred education. Specifically, the paper argues that to revamp and reclaim virtue-centred education: virtues should be emphasized for citizenship building over other purposes; virtues for citizenship must be social justice oriented; and virtues for democratic citizenship and social justice should be political and intellectual in nature, and need to be actively cultivated in schools.
Strand city: A report from the future
Authors: Stoner Jill
Published: September 2018

This is a report from the year 2120, a short history of the evolution of the strand city. These unique urban forms rest within radical foundations of specially engineered forests; their plans follow such linear cultural inscriptions as interstate highways and national borders. Within the strands, plateaus of public life and branches of private dwelling float high above a wilderness landscape, within which regional ecologies continue to evolve. In most cases, the strands are autonomous city-states; they do not belong to any nation. The two featured here are Redwood Strand and Saguaro Strand; both began to develop during the third decade of the twenty-first century: the first along the Interstate 80 corridor at the edge of San Francisco Bay and the second along the US/Mexico border. Embedded within this report is, this writer hopes, a nascent political process affecting urban development, one that is directly linked to contemporary global currents of resistance.
Radical foundations in Bloomsbury
Authors: Murray Shaun
Published: September 2018

A sea of change is upon us and radical new foundations need to be grown. The time has come for the fundamental need for radical thought with respect to the new paradigms of architecture as we are confronted with political, social and technological disruptions. At stake is nothing less than the opportunity of world-making in which the role of the architect is paramount. Bloomsbury will be one of our sites of exploration, where in 1692, Thomas Slaughter founded Slaughter’s Coffee House in St. Martin’s Lane, which became the explosively productive haunt and home of artists, architects, designers, players of games, makers and wasters. This was the first of the many radical schools of art to be born within the anarchic lands of Seven Dials and Bloomsbury. The other site will be in Deptford, where for hundreds of years dangerous, infectious, exciting and foreign ideas had landed along its shore, ebbing and flowing with the tide, transforming the City of London. This article will showcase a series of design projects proposed by students of architecture at the Architectural Association and University of Greenwich in relation to sites in Bloomsbury and Deptford in London, respectively. Each contributor has developed a complex set of spatial interrelationships that define their practice and consider art as a spatial language that dissects contemporary society, an architecture that is pre-reflexive, through a radical spatial notational strategy, so as to re-engage with the presence of the past.
Bridging healing and learning through the expressive arts to transform classrooms into healing spaces
Authors: Alfonso Maria Regina A.
Published: September 2018

In today’s global climate, concern over the dangers posed to children and societies caused by man-made and natural calamities is widespread. The United Nations reports tens of millions of children exposed to conflicts and disasters each year, not including those affected by trauma from neglect, abuse and human trafficking. The impact of these adversities on children urgently calls for evidence and guidance on what promotes their recovery and healing, and what type of environments (resettlement areas, schools, homes) help to mitigate risk and offer them a sense of security. This article presents adaptations of expressive arts, play-based psychosocial support programmes implemented by two international non-profits. It details how classrooms can be transformative and offer a sense of permanence, constancy and wellness for children in crisis situations. It focuses on bridging healing and learning through arts integration in schools and a description of the essential components of the programmes.
Responding to natural and manmade disaster with dance movement therapy
Authors: Serlin Ilene
Published: September 2018

Dance movement therapy (DMT) is a relatively new form of mind/body psychotherapy that builds on the use of non-verbal communication and symbolic movement. Although it has been used primarily in psychiatric and medical settings, its use with challenges of cultural dislocation and trauma is relatively new. Dance movement therapy can be effective in treating individual, family and community trauma resulting from disasters. Working with the body and the mind, DMT can reduce compassion fatigue, build resilience and post-traumatic growth, and increase self-care. This article will describe its use to work with Syrian refugees in Amman, Jordan, first through the setting and its challenges for the refugees and then through efforts to develop effective community partnerships. It will demonstrate the use of DMT to work with widows and children, building community through culturally relevant dance and ritual.
Training of trainers: Psychosocial training for teachers for a safe educational environment
Authors: Furlager Avital
Published: September 2018

This article reviews the use of the creative arts in a diploma programme entitled ‘Training of trainers: Psychosocial training for teachers for a safe educational environment’ in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya. Emphasis was placed on the therapeutic potential available through the creative arts to both support the learning and personal process of the teachers in the programme, and to provide hands on experience for holistic ways to offer psychosocial support (PSS) in school settings for children.
The contribution of narrative approach to post-traumatic growth
Authors: Lieblich Amia
Published: September 2018

The present article is inspired by two psychological contributions: the literature about Post Traumatic Growth (PTG) and the narrative approach to personality and development. The PTG theory proposed and demonstrated that traumatic experience may lead to growth, e.g. augment survivors’ self-esteem and position within their social circles. Life stories are massively rewritten by unexpected disasters. Meaning making of one’s experiences is inherent in narrative construction. It is therefore possible to promote PTG in the life of individuals by creating opportunities for life telling after disaster. This process is demonstrated by narratives of survivors of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan. Positive changes appear in these life stories in three areas: perceived change in the self, in the relationships with others and in life philosophy.
When the time comes: Interviewing clinicians about their motivation and inspiration for working in international disaster relief programmes
Authors: Marcow-Speiser Vivien , Speiser Phillip
Published: September 2018

This article investigates the motivation and inspiration of clinicians who are using arts-based approaches in providing psychosocial support in distressed communities during and post-disaster. Through interviewing colleagues in the field, each interviewee has found their way of creating a ceremonial structure to meet the challenges they faced on the ground. They adapt their skills and their talents for the betterment of others. They bring with them an understanding of the importance of presence and spirit as well as personal characteristics of courage, optimism, hope and belief in themselves and others. Their work is geared towards the restoration and installation of these factors in others. Their professional training and personal convictions has prepared them to be able to deal with powerful and sometimes overwhelming emotions. They are able to contain their own pain as well as work in the face of unbearable sorrow, pain and grieving. They are committed to being of service.
Interview with Alice Bonnot
Authors: Bonnot Alice
Published: September 2018

Our guest editorial takes the form of an interview between the JAWS editorial team and independent curator Alice Bonnot.
Justice for Magnitsky: Staging the material document in Elena Gremina’s One Hour Eighteen Minutes
Authors: Rowson James
Published: September 2018

This article investigates the relationship between Russian documentary theatre and the Kremlin’s manipulation of justice and the legal system through close analysis of Elena Gremina’s One Hour Eighteen Minutes (2010). By tracing the genealogy of documentary theatre in twenty-first-century Russia and framing the play within the context of Vladimir Putin’s presidency, this article contends that the act of documentation and the privileging of the document is a vital feature of documentary theatre in Russia. It argues that Gremina’s staging of material documents is key to understanding how Russian theatre makers have employed the aesthetics of the ‘theatre of the real’ to undermine the official discourse of the Putin regime and provoke their audience to consider their own role in challenging these manipulated judicial narratives.
Insulin-induced lipohypertrophy: clinical and ultrasound characteristics
Authors: Klimontov Vadim V. , Lazarev Mikhail M. , Makhotin Alexey A. , Letyagin Andrey Ju. , Anisimova Lilia A. , Bulumbaeva Dinara M. , Koroleva Elena A. , Lykov Alexander P.
Published: September 2018

Background: Lipohypertrophy is primary dermal complication of insulin therapy. The data on the prevalence of lipohypertrophy in diabetic subjects are inconsistent, that may be due to the lack of sensitivity and subjectivity of palpation as diagnostic technique. Meanwhile, the reliability of lipohypertrophy detection can be increased by ultrasound.
Aims: to compare clinical and ultrasound characteristics and to determine the risk factors of insulin-induced lipohypertrophy in diabetic subjects.
Materials and methods: We observed 82 patients, including 26 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 56 subjects with type 2 diabetes. Duration of insulin therapy varied from 3 months to 37 years (median 14 years). The sites of insulin injections were assessed by palpation and ultrasound. Visualization protocol included gray-scale densitometry, strain elastography, and 3D Doppler power ultrasound. Scaled evaluation of ultrasound sings was applied. Insulin injection technique was assessed by questionnaire. Serum levels of insulin antibodies were determined by ELISA.
Results: Lipohypertrophy was revealed by palpation and ultrasound in 57 and 80 patients (70% and 98%) respectively. Total lipohypertrophy area, acoustic density and total ultrasound score showed weak positive correlations with daily insulin dose (r=0.3, r=0.3 and r=0.35, respectively, all p0.006). Patients receiving insulin analogues had smaller area of abdominal lipohypertrophy than those on human insulin (p=0.03). A positive correlation was found between abdominal lipohypertrophy area and mean postprandial glucose (r=0.35, p=0.001). A rare needle change and injections in lipohypertrophy sites were the most common deviations in insulin injection technique (70 and 47 subjects, 85% and 53% respectively). The levels of insulin antibodies showed no association with lipohypertrophy parameters.
Conclusions: Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes demonstrate high prevalence of lipohypertrophy in insulin injection sites. Ultrasonography is more sensitive method of diagnostics of lipohypertrophy compared with palpation. Insulin-induced lipohypertrophy is associated with errors in injection technique and higher insulin doses.
MONITORING AND PREDICTING LAND USE-LAND COVER (LULC) CHANGES WITHIN AND AROUND KRAU WILDLIFE RESERVE (KWR) PROTECTED AREA IN MALAYSIA USING MULTI-TEMPORAL LANDSAT DATA
Authors: Gambo Jibrin , Mohd Shafri Helmi Zulhaidi , Shaharum Nur Shafira Nisa , Abidin Fauzul Azim Zainal , Rahman Mohd Taufik Abdul
Published: September 2018

Natural and anthropogenic activities surrounding a Protected Area (PA) may cause its natural area to change in terms of Land Use-Land Cover (LULC). Thus, there is need of environmental change monitoring within and around PA because of its significant values to ecosystem at conservation scales. Effects and influences of local community within and around PA turn into the major problems for natural resource and conservations management as well as environmental impact assessment. Ascertaining the complex interface in relations to changes and its driving factors over period of time within and around PA is significant in order to predict future LULC changes, build alternative scenarios and serve as tools for decision making.  The main objective of this work was to evaluate temporal change detection and prediction of LULC as well as the trends of changes from 1989 to 2016 within and around Krau Wildlife Reserve (KWR).  The cloud issues were mitigated by producing cloud free image and object-based image analysis (OBIA) was adopted after a comparison with pixel-based analysis for overall accuracy and kappa statistics. The comparison of classified maps had produced a satisfactory results of overall accuracies of 91%, 86% and 90% for 1989, 2004 and 2016 respectively. The natural/dense forest between periods of 1989-2016 was decreased whereas built-up and agricultural/sparse forest were increased. The simulation model of Land Change Modeler (LCM) was utilized with digital elevation model (DEM) and past LULC maps to project future LULC pattern using Markov chain. The predicted map trend showed an increase of dense forest converted to agricultural/sparse forest in the north-western, and urban/built-up in east-southern part of KWR. The study is important for the conservation of habitat species and monitoring the current status of the KWR
ESTIMATING MANGROVE FOREST DENSITY USING GAP FRACTION METHOD AND VEGETATION TRANSFORMATION INDICES APPROACH
Authors: Khakhim Nurul , Putra Akbar Cahyadhi Pratama , Widhaningtyas Tantri Utami
Published: September 2018

Mangrove forest represented a coastal ecosystem in Indonesia. Theoretically, mangrove forest mapping took a lot of cost and long time. The objectives of the study were (1) to examine the acuracy of the estimation of the mangrove forest density using vegetation index transformation, and (2) to map the mangrove forest condition. The location of the study was Alas Purwo Resort Grajagan National Park area. The material of the study was Landsat-8 OLI image recorded on January 19th, 2016 using SAVI vegetation index transformation method. Gap fraction filed measurement method was a new method in Indonesia. The results of the study showed that the regression of the SAVI index between index transformation value and in-field condition (R2) was 0.566, the forest density estimation resulting from the SAVI index transformation had the RMSE of 2.334178 and the density of the mangrove forest in Grajagan Bay of the Alas Purwo National Park included low density of 0-12.5% (30.42 ha), medium density of 12.6-25% (116.55 ha), and high density of 25.1-37.6% (463.68 ha).
Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Berbasis Moral: Pemikiran Pembangunan P.A.A. Soeria Atmadja dalam "Di Tioeng Memeh Hoedjan"
Authors: Nugraha Awaludin
Published: September 2018

The development is essentially a constructive effort to make a better life for everyone. Various development theories have been produced to make this happen. In the history of Indonesia, there was a Regent who inherited the developmental thoughts in the next generation. He was Prince Aria Soeria Atmadja or Prince of Mecca, Regent of Sumedang in the period of 1883-1919. He wrote his development ideas in the book “Di Tioeng Memeh Hoedjan”. The purpose of this article is to understand the developmental thoughts of Aria Soeria Atmadja. This research used the qualitative method with more emphasize on the hermeneutic approach, especially using hermeneutical circles. The result shows that the developmental thoughts of Aria Soeria Atmadja expressed in Sundanese with figurative language style because of the colonization. His thoughts were a formulation of his experience when he was in a government bureaucratic official. His developmental thoughts were in line with the Sustainable Development theory that developed in the 1980s and emphasized morality as its basis. He also emphasized the importance of community involvement in the development process
Peranan Pemerintah dalam Pengembangan Wayang Orang Panggung
Authors: Puguh Dhanang Respati , Utama Mahendra Pudji
Published: September 2018

This article aims to discuss the role of the government in developing Wayang Orang Panggung especially in the Sriwedari community in Surakarta, Ngesti Pandowo in Semarang, and Bharata in Jakarta. This article based on the historical method. Since the beginning of Indonesian independence, the government carried out its function as a protector to maintain the existence of Wayang Orang Panggung, by improving the management of the performing arts, establishing the performance building, providing funding assistance, giving opportunities to perform at the state capital, and involving the artists of Wayang Orang in cultural missions. However, the government tended to be partial and more often conducted as a momentary response that must be addressed immediately because of it impossible to solve the community itself. Changes happened due to economic globalization and political dynamics in Indonesia that can threaten the existence of wayang orang and various forms of traditional arts. It raised hopes that the government could take the more fundamental role as patron-arts. In carrying out this function, the government requires a formulation on cultural policy as a basis for establishing the direction and strategy for the development and strengthening Wayang Orang Panggung and various forms of local culture, within the framework of national culture. The legal needed to carry out, UU RI No. 17 of 2017 about the Cultural Advancement, and Presidential Regulation No. 65 of 2018 concerning the Procedures for the Principles of Regional Culture and Cultural Strategies.
Assessment of diurnal variation in Ocimum sanctum Linn. by gas chromatographic fingerprint analysis coupled with chemometric methods
Authors: Patel Nikunj , Kanaki Niranjan , Movaliya Vinit
Published: September 2018

Vast intra-specific variations, especially diurnal, geographical and seasonal, have been reported in the chemical composition of essential oils of Ocimum species. The study was conducted to assess diurnal variation in the chemical composition of the leaves of Ocimum sanctum. The leaf samples collected at different times of the day were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The chromatographic fingerprints of different leaf samples were analyzed by chemometric methods like principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. No significant difference was found in the chemical compositions of the leaf samples collected at different times of the day. The results lead to a conclusion that O. sanctum does not exhibit diurnal variation in its chemical composition, unlike O. gratissimum.
Arithmetic of generalized Dedekind sums and their modularity
Authors: Choi Dohoon , Jun Byungheup , Lee Jungyun , Lim Subong
Published: September 2018

Dedekind sums were introduced by Dedekind to study the transformation properties of Dedekind η function under the action of SL2(ℤ). In this paper, we study properties of generalized Dedekind sums s

i,j
(p, q). We prove an asymptotic expansion of a function on ℚ defined in terms of generalized Dedekind sums by using its modular property. We also prove an equidistribution property of generalized Dedekind sums.
Vernacularisation of media: stylistic change in Basque youth media
Authors: Elordui Agurtzane
Published: September 2018

Vernaculars are increasingly used in media. They are considered to be stylistic resources to attract audiences and to construct media identities. That increase seems to be particularly significant in the case of youth media, which is also the case of Gaztea, a youth webradio station within the Basque public EITB group that we analyse in this work. Gaztea was created in the 90’s and, at that time, its whole production was in Standard Basque. In fact, promoting the newly created Standard Basque was considered to be Gaztea’s principal public service remit. Nowadays, however, the hegemony of that standard in Gaztea has been challenged by a more heteroglossic model in which vernacular speech is strategically used to empathize with the young Basque audience and to construct media identities. At the same time, though, the dominance of Standard Basque persists in Gaztea’s general stylistic design and practice: Vernaculars are excluded from writing, as well as from informative genres and serious and leading voices. Those are some of the conclusions of the research we have carried out on the distribution of vernaculars and Standard Basque across modes, genres and voices in Gaztea, and also from the information we have drawn from interviews with the managers of the media in question. Results from both data sources are important to understand the current ideological views Gaztea shares with young Basque people, as well as how Gaztea positions itself as a stylizer in the language ideological world of Basque youth.
Intimate identities and language revitalization in Veneto, Northern Italy
Authors: Perrino Sabina
Published: September 2018

In this article, I explore how language revitalization initiatives are rescaled as part of a local, historical and sociocultural revitalization project in which ethnonationalist aspirations emerge in Northeastern Italy’s Veneto region. Through an analysis of political emblems, textual artifacts, and speech participants’ stories, I examine how the promotion of the local language is related to a developing sense of collective and intimate identity, especiallyvis-à-visthe many migrants and refugees that have landed in Italy, and Europe, in recent years. In the last decade, these new flows of migrants have triggered strong reactions by Italians, such as recent discourses about national identity and the aggressive anti-immigration politics promoted by theLega Nord(‘Northern League’). I show how politics, history, and language become part of a complex spatiotemporal configuration in which chronotopic stances and intimate identities are enacted in speech participants’ everyday lives.
Language planning and language ideologies in Guernsey
Authors: Sallabank Julia
Published: September 2018

The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a small, semi-autonomous archipelago in the English Channel. Although it is a British Crown dependency and part of the British Isles, it has its own parliament and does not belong to the United Kingdom or the European Union. This unusual geopolitical situation means that the nation-state has little relevance. It is only recently that the indigenous former vernacular has been accorded any worth, at either grass-roots or government level: as its vitality declines (increasingly rapidly), its perceived value for individual and collective identification has grown. Although public opinion overtly supports indigenous language maintenance, and increasing its vitality is a stated aim (e.g., a government Language Commission was announced in 2012), effective top-down measures to increase the number and fluency of speakers appear to be low on the agenda. This article explores the implications of this socio-political background for language policy. It discusses language-related activities which reveal a lack of ideological clarification and strategic direction at all levels, compounded by issues of control, epistemic stance and language ownership.
Visible light-induced reduction system of diphenylviologen derivative with water-soluble porphyrin for biocatalytic carbon–carbon bond formation from CO2
Authors: Katagiri Takayuki , Fujita Kohei , Ikeyama Shusaku , Amao Yutaka
Published: September 2018

From the view point of green chemistry, CO2 utilization technologies with solar energy including the photoredox system have been received a lot of attention. As one of them, photoredox system containing a photosensitizer and a catalyst catalyzing a reaction of a carbon–carbon bond formation from CO2 as a feed stock were constructed. In a recent study, we reported the visible light-induced malate (C4 compound) production from pyruvate (C3 compound) and CO2 due to carbon–carbon bond formation with the system consisting an electron donor, a photosensitizer, diphenylviologen (PV2+) derivative as an electron mediator in the presence of malic enzyme (ME). However, the interaction between a photosensitizer and PV2+ derivative has not been clarified yet. In this study, water-soluble PV2+ derivative, 1,1′-bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium salt (PSV2+) was synthesized, and its electro-, photochemical properties were evaluated. Moreover, the photoredox properties of PSV2+ with water-soluble Zn porphyrin were studied using fluorescence spectroscopy and steady state irradiation. The fluorescence of Zn porphyrin was quenched by PSV2+ and the two-electron reduced form of PSV2+ were produced with Zn porphyrin with steady state irradiation. In addition, reaction solution containing triethanolamine, tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate, pyruvate, ME, Mg2+ and PSV2+ in CO2 saturated bis-tris buffer (pH 7.4) was irradiated with visible light, the oxaloacetate and malate were produced. This result indicates that PSV2+ is an efficient electron mediator in the visible light-induced redox system for carbon–carbon bond formation with ME from CO2 as a feedstock.
An investigation of the melting process of RT-35 filled circular thermal energy storage system
Authors: Ebadi Soroush , Al-Jethelah Manar , Tasnim Syeda Humaira , Mahmud Shohel
Published: September 2018

One of the main solutions to the issue of global warming and greenhouse gas emission caused by burning fossil fuels is storing energy in an efficient way. In this work, the detailed melting process of RT-35 as a phase change material (PCM) inside a cylindrical latent heat thermal energy storage (TES) system is investigated both numerically and experimentally. To achieve this aim, an experimental setup comprising of a transparent vertical cylindrical enclosure as a latent heat TES system, a constant temperature bath, and a temperature regulator is built. Moreover, a numerical model using COMSOL multiphysics is developed to simulate the melting process and provide a more detailed information on the flow and thermal fields. The model is able to provide the temperature and velocity fields, heat transfer behaviour, melting fraction, and the trend of solid-liquid interface at different time intervals. To validate the numerical model, a comparison between melting fraction and solid-liquid interfaces of the numerical model and experimental work is conducted which shows a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.
Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Gli1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) spheroid cultures
Authors: Essid Nesrine , Chambard Jean Claude , Elgaaïed Amel Benammar
Published: September 2018

Tumor microenvironment provides a specialized niche in which a population of stem-like cells is enriched and contributes to cancer progression. Moreover, cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype has been associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here we investigated the effect of tumor microenvironment on the phenotypic characteristics of head and neck cancer cells and expression of CSC markers using a three-dimensional (3D), spheroid, culture system of CAL33 cell line from human tongue squamous cell carcinoma. CAL33 cells derived from 2D monolayer cultures were grown in spheroid cultures containing serum-free medium (epidermal growth factor [EGF], fibroblast growth factor [FGF], and insulin). Adherent CAL33 cells from spheroids or standard control cultures were grown in the presence/absence of serum in combination with hypoxia/normoxia. Markers of EMT, CSC, and hypoxia were analyzed either by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, or reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Spheroid cultures showed hypoxic microenvironment (high carbonic anhydrase IX [CAIX] expression), mesenchymal-like characteristics (reduced E-cadherin and increased vimentin and N-cadherin expression, presence of larger colonies comprised of larger, spread cells with lower density), and increased expression of the CSC marker glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1). These effects were recapitulated in serum-free adherent CAL33 cells maintained for prolonged periods in hypoxia (1% O2) but, in contrast, were completely abolished by the presence of serum. Overall, we found that a combination of hypoxia, EGF and FGF was essential to induce the EMT in adherent CAL33 cell cultures. The addition of serum rapidly reverts the EMT of cells, affects CSC phenotype and, thus, prevents the detection of such cells in tumor cell lines.