bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The definition of the direction of forces arising during the interworking of a car’s steer wheel with chassis dynamometer
Authors: Vasyliev Oleksiy , Rohozin Ivan , Shapoval Mykola , Orysenko Oleksandr
Published: January 2019

The article gives the theoretical substantiation of the forces determination that arise during the steerable vehicle wheel with chassis dynamometer interaction taking into account the wheels angles setting in relation to the longitudinal, vertical and transverse vehicle axes. The transition from mobile to fixed coordinate system using Euler angles is considered. The transitions comparison from the stationary coordinate system to the moving one in the system an aircraft axes and ship axes. It made it possible to move to the fixed coordinate system for a steerable vehicle wheel. A table of transition between moving and stationary reference systems has been made. The table provides an opportunity to determine the projections of forces that arise when the steerable vehicle wheel is interacting with the bearing surface when the angles of its installation are relative to the frame, are changed.
Disperse systems temperature field finding at reception of firm crystal-amorphous structures
Authors: Kornienko Y.V. , Magaziy P.M. , Gatilov K.O. , Sachok R.V.
Published: January 2019

The temperature field of firm crystal-amorphous structures receiption from liquid systems in the fluid bed is explored. The stable conducting terms of process are certain.

Previous studies have shown that increasing the irrigation density increases the probability of formation of agglomerates, which causes a decrease in temperature; therefore, it is advisable to measure the temperature field in the environment of the dispersant and compare it with the values of temperatures at the characteristic point, according to which the regulation of the flow of liquid phase to the granulator is carried out.

The objective of the experimental research was to determine the change of the temperature field in disperse systems in obtaining crystalline-amorphous solid structures in a fluidized-bed apparatus.

In case of an increase in the amount of heat flow, an adequate increase in the flow of liquid phase occurs. This results in the local overturning of solid particles and, as a result, the formation of large aggregates and loss of quality of fluidization. To eliminate this disadvantage it is advisable to create conditions for uneven distribution of the coolant speed.

In the downstream right and left fluxes, the coolant speed should not exceed the rate of gas filtration through the material. In the left upward flow, in which the direction of motion of the granular material is opposite to the direction of the vector of the linear velocity of the dispersed droplets of the liquid phase, it is expedient to increase the flow of the coolant in a direction that coincides with the downstream flow. To verify these provisions, it is expedient to conduct a study of the continuous process of formation of solid multilayer composites.
Failures of the Export Markets of the African Mango to Europe: Theoretical and Empirical Causes
Authors: FERDİNAND Ouedraogo
Published: January 2019

The objectives of this study are to demonstrate the failures of African mango export markets, to analyze the causes and characteristics to study the impact on the behavior of importing and exporting agents and to propose solutions. The findings of the study showed that standardized firm contracts with shared costs and benefits are contracts of incentives for transparency and the reduction of fraud in transactions, while standardized firm contracts with unevenly distributed costs and benefits, are contracts of incentives for the inertia and darkening of the international market for African exporters. The choice of the type of contract by the exporter depends on his level of commitment to the risks as riscophilous, riscophobic or risk-neutral agent. The study recommended solutions.
Histopathological study of Effects of continuous injection of dexamethasone on wound healing in rabbits
Authors: Salim F.
Published: January 2019

In this study 16 rabbit was divided in to two groups equally the first group was daily injected by dexamethasone(1 mg/Kg) for 21 days,the second group was left without any treatment as a control. An excision was made in the skin of rabbits and then sutured with silk band 2.5cm.The skin spicemen were taken for histopathological sections for wound healing evaluation at postoperative days 3,7and 14. The scars of the dexamethasone-treated group were less formation. The epithelization ,collagenization and the inflammatory cell infiltration was less intense in the dexamethasone- treated group in compare with the control animal.
Study of Some Physiological and Pathological Aspects of Feral Queen’s Reproductive System in Iraq
Authors: T. A. Abid H. J.Kadhim, D. H.Jassim, and
Published: January 2019

The present study is carried out to investigate some aspects of reproduction in Iraqi feral cats. Sixty blood samples and female genital specimens from sexually mature queens were trapped during the period from December 2008 to December 2009.During the entire study period, the results showed that incidence rate of follicular phase was 24.56 % and the highest incidence was in Winter 62.5%, while no follicular activity was noted in animals during Autumn . The hormonal assay showed that the mean of the estradiol -17ß in 14 follicular phase animals was 47.5pg/ml, while The dominance of vaginal epithelial cells in 14 estrus queens were nucleated superficial cells 61.5 %.The incidence of luteal phase was 29.82% and the highest incidence was in Spring 56.66%,and the average of corpora lutea per animal was 4.7 % and the incidence rate of pregnant queens was 19.29%,with high incidence in Summer 33.33% wih no pregnant queens was captured in Winter. The implantation rate was 86.06% and the transuterine migration of embryos was observed in incidence rate 27.27% and all transuterine migration of embryos was occurred in animals with 100% implantation rate . The maximum number of embryos that migrate was 2 /animal. The incidence rate of pseudopregnancy 11.76%, and characterized by present of active corpora lutea on ovaries , with slight enlargement of uterus and uterine tube .In all animals with diestrus the mean of plasma progesterone level was 48 ng/ml ,and the cell comprising the vaginal smear include intermediate cells 47% parabasal cells45% and nucleated cells 5% .The anestrus phase was recognized in incidence rate 36.84% and the highest incidence of anestrus phase was noted in Autumn 75%, Cells comprising the vaginal smear in anestrus queens include intermediate cells 87.9%, parabasal cells 8.6%,nucleated superficial cells 2.7% , anucleated superficial cells 0.8% .The pathological study was revealed 3 out of 60 queens with gross reproductive systems abnormalities ,with incidence rate 5% ,these cases include paraovarian cyst, follicular cysts and pyometra.
Comparative Effect of Aqueous Datura (Datura metal) Extract and A Gentamicin on The quick Healing of The Wound in Thigh Region in Laboratory Rats
Authors: S. K. Majeed R.M.Almussawiو  W. M. Aldughman I. M.H. Alrashid and
Published: January 2019

The present study is achieved for observing and evidence the effect of Datura AqueousExtraction (DAE) on the success the quick repair the cutaneous wound in thigh region in labrats which are infected with Saphyllococcus aureus.The study is achieved in 28 mature rats,those same age and weight (250±25 g), 8 month age and live at similar condition.The animalsare divided into three groups, 1st and 2nd was contain 10 rat (5mal+5femal) in treated groupswhile control group was contain 4 rat which subdivided into (4male+4female) and in allgroups were made surgical wound (superficial) in thigh region.The 1st (Datura) and 2nd(Gentamicin) groups were infected by staph. aureus with 10-8 titration of germs. After 48 hrthe both groups are treated the 1st by DAE 10 mg/kg b.w. and 2nd by Gentamicin 5% w/w aswell as sham-control subgroup is leave.The control group was subdivided into two subgroup,the 1st subgroup (standard subgroup) was leaved stay sterile wound without infection(superficial disinfection), recovery without treatment (self cure),the other were infected withstaph. aureus and leaved without treatment.The experiment is evidencing the quick healingof wound that is treated with (DAE), compare with the wound that treated with Gentamicin.There are no destructive change in microscopic histopathology due to less toxic effect ofdatura, as well as blood parameter is good evidence in datura group. Statically analysis wasachieved by SPSS v. 16.0 , there are significant results of datura compare with other groups,no significant results of gentamicine group and standard control subgroup while significantwith sham-control subgroup P< 0.05.
Isolation and Identification of Staphylococcus spp. from Bovine Mastitic milk and their Sensitivity to some Antibiotics at Al-Qadissiyah Province
Authors: J..K.AL-Janabi M. I. Shekhan, M. A. Al-Rodhan and
Published: January 2019

This study was designed to detect the Staphylococcal bovine mastitis in Al-Qadissiyaprovince and then identify the most effective antibiotic that could be used for inhibitthe growth of isolated microorganism invitro. Milk samples have been collected from 120different cows at Al-Hamza, AL- Shenafia, Nufar, Sumar, AL- Saniah , Al- Sedeer and Afakthe results showed different bacterial isolates identified in the present study as :S.aureus ,S.intermedius ,S. hyicus, S. epidemidis , S. chromogenes , S .cohnii , S. hominis , S. xylosus ,S.sciuri , S. simulans , S.saprophyticus in a percentage (15.74%,6.481% , 8.333% , 7.87% ,3.703% , 4.166% , 6.481% , 5.092% , 4.629% , 6.018% , 0.462 %, ) respectively .Thesensitivity test results showed that S.aureus, was more sensitive to Ciprofloxacin in apercentage (91.17%),CNS (Coagulase Negative Staphylococci) was more sensitive toOxytetracycline 83.25%.
Detection of Campylobacter spp. in children diarrhea by using Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR technique in Al-Diwanyiah Governorate
Authors: Z.F.Saleh A. H. AL-Hamadani And
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted in order to identify Campylobacter spp. As a causative agent of diarrhea in children using routine laboratory diagnosis (direct and culture methods) in comparison with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique as a confirm diagnostic tool. A total of 100 children stool samples were collected from both sexes at ages less than two years old suffering from diarrhea who admitted the maternity and Pediatric Teaching hospital in Al-Diwaniyiah Governorate from December 2007 to August 2008. Based on the clinical and laboratory diagnosis, results revealed that the percent of Campylobacter isolation was 8% included C. coli and C. jejuni for children samples. In addition, the results haven't revealed any statistically significant (P≥0.01) between the rate of infection and sexes, while there was a statistically significant (P≤0.01) between these rates and ages, where it noted that patients (>1) years old were more prone to infect with Campylobacter spp. exposure to infections. The results revealed that the PCR positive samples contained one band of amplified DNA with a molecular weight (816 bp) after electrophoresis and examined under UV- transilluminator. The study also showed that the sensitivity and specificity of PCR technique were 40% and 100% respectively for examination children samples, when compared with direct examination, but were with culture method were 33% and 100%; respectively in children.
Exudative epidermitis in Iraqi camels
Authors: F. G. Habasha M. H. Hussain And
Published: January 2019

The survey began in December 2008 & finished in June 2009 in three governorates; Al-Qadissiya, Al-Najaf & Al-Muthanna in different locations inspecting 2412 dromedaries, we found out bacterial affections, samples were carried out to detect the exudative epidermitis with Staphylococcus hyicus in 213 camels which present 8.8% of the total inspected camels. There was an obvious age-depending infection; exudative epidermitis diagnosed in 74.2% in camels ranged in 5-10 years old, 15% in camels less than 5 years old & 10.8% in camels more than 10 years old.
Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from urine to some antibiotics
Authors: A.S. Abdulrida H.Ali Salih , M. Abdulbary And
Published: January 2019

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a member of genus Pseudomonas that it is Gram – negative , glucose - nonfermenting aerobic rod , isolated from chronic UTI . It is resistant to high concentration of salts and dyes , weak antiseptics and commonly used antibiotics. Because of the increasing in drug – resistant of strains of P. aeruginosa especially that which isolated from UTI, this study was done among the patients attending hospitals in Al-Najaf city during January to December 2009 to maintain the susceptibility pattern of organism isolated from urine specimens. A total 72(100%) samples of P. aeruginosa were isolated from urine specimens of patients. The bacteria isolated were identified by colony morphology , microscopy and relevant biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was tested using standard guidelines. Almost all of the P. aeruginosa isolates were sensitive to Amikacin(100%) , Norfloxacin(86% ( Ciprofloxacin(83 %) & Tobramycin(83%) but highly resistant to Doxycycline
Histopathological changes of sub chronic toxicity induced by oral administration of Malathion in Rock dove pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Waleed M.S. Saleh K. And
Published: January 2019

The objective of the present study was to investigate the histopathological changes of the sub chronic toxicity of Malathion as organphosphorus insecticide in Rock dove pigeons ( Columba livia) treated orally with 6mg/kg and 4mg/kg body weight. The histopathological changes of central and peripheral nervous systems , liver, kidney, skin of pigeon after three month of treatment were included, marked vacuolation of nerve fibers of spinal cord and sciatic nerve, periportal fibrosis and liver congestion ,degenerate renal cortical tubules ,associated with loss of epithelial lining and disorganization of epithelial lining , and cortical areas of inflammatory cells with congestion of blood vessels, and dermal fibrosis and inflammatory cells of the skin
Clinical, haematological and biochemical study to cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata in north of Basrah province
Authors: H. R. Daham Gh.Y.A. Al-Emarah, M.H. Khudor and
Published: January 2019

A total of 447 cows , 114 cows were naturally infected with Theileria annulata clinically normal cows were served as control. The clinical result indicated that the cows exhibited signs of fever, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes , respiratory signs with corneal opacity, soft yellowish diarrhea with a subcutaneous accumulation of fluid. The blood examination showed the high level of parasitemia varied between 13-53% and observed all parasite stages; erythrocyte stage 69.43% the lymphocytic stage 25.43% while both stage (erythrocytes and lymphocytic)5.26%. The hematological parameter showed the Hypochromic macrocytic anemia with significant decreases in Hb(6.95±0.59) g/l , PCV(29.06±4.56)%, MCHC(24.71±4.55)%, RBCC(4689482±638753) 10/ mm , WBCC (5013.2±711.1)10/ mm , neutrophils(19±3.7)% while recorded a significant increases in the lymphocytes(69.74± 4.9)% and MCV(61.09±7.55)fl . The biochemical parameter recorded a significant increase in total serum bilirubin(1.19±0.40) and active serum enzyme ALT(19.77±2.94) and AST(67.98± 16.36)with recorded a significant decrease in the total serum protein( 4.27±0.40)and albumin(1.56±0.36)
Non-Surgical Castration in Bucks A Comparative Study between Chemical Castration and External Ligation of the Spermatic Cord
Authors: Kh. K. Al-Kadi R. N. Al-Asadi And
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intra-testicular injection of formalin and external ligation of the spermatic cord in inducing sterilization in bucks. Twelve's adult bucks were used which allocated randomly and equally into three groups. The first group served as a control group injected (5) ml distilled water intra-testicular, while the second group injected (5) ml of 3% formalin and in the third group external ligation of spermatic cord with silk was used.Blood samples were collected from all bucks prior and post to treatment to assay serum testosterone level. In addition, semen samples were collected via artificial vagina to evaluate some semen parameters.Clinical follow-up of animals revealed no any secondary complications in control group, while treatment group showed certain minor complications such as testicular swelling, hydrocele, scrotal ulcer and lameness which disappeared in a short time.Results indicated that testosterone level were significantly decline P<0.05 in the second and third groups, it reached to (0.30±0.05) and (1.66±0.25) ng/ml respectively at the end of experiment.All semen parameters were significantly P<0.05 decreased on days 21 and 28 in treatment groups, in which there was seminal plasma only, absence of sperm motility, zero sperm concentration and no viable sperms.All animals subjected to traditional castration on 30 and 60 days post-injection or ligation to harvested testicular biopsies for histopathological examination. Testicular sections revealed depletion of sertoli cells and interstitial fibrosis which replaced leydig cells. These changes were more severe in chemical group when compared with ligation group. This means that both techniques reflected their ability to impair or stop the testicular functions with superiority of chemical castration.
Seroepidemiological study for the prevalence of Neospora caninum in Dairy & Beef cattle in some Iraqi provinces
Authors: M. A. Alrodhan M.O.Mallah, Kh. A. Dawood and
Published: January 2019

A Seroepidemiological study of Neospora caninum was conducted in Al-Muthana and Al-Nasseria provinces, Iraq on 800 cows serum sample by using commercial Elisa kit. the overall seroprevalence ratio of Neospora caninum was 17.5%, on provincial basis Neospora caninum infection was present in these provinces that was 16 %, 18.4% in Al-Muthana, and Al-Nasseria provinces respectively,which non significant differences between provinces (P<0.05), Comparisons of N.caninum serological status with age groups (5-8 y) showed seropositive rate 21.32% that higher thanother groups with significant differences (P<0.05). antibodies of N.caninum showed in aborted cows 32.29% higher than non aborted cows 7.53% with significant differences (P<0.05). Also the infection rate in dairy cows 19.17% higher than beef cows 12.5% with significant differences (P<0.05).
Anatomical Study of the LarynxIn Indigenous Male Turkey (Meleagris gallopava)
Authors: AL-Mussawy A. M.
Published: January 2019

The study aim to explain the anatomical description of the larynx in the indigenous male turkey (Meleagris gallopava). For making use as a basic information in the study of the respiratory physiology, histopathology, the respiratory diseases diagnosis, and surgery and anesthesia of turkey. Five healthy birds (first year of age and weighing (4715 ± 43.3 gm)) employed in this study. After well bleeding, the larynx detected, and then the shape, position, dimensions of each specimen and its components were recorded. The larynx appeared as a heart-shaped mound in the caudal part of the oropharyngeal cavity. It consisted of a single hyaline cricoid cartilage which consisted of body and left and right wings, double hyaline arytenoid cartilages which consisting of body and rostral and caudal processes, and single hyaline procricoid cartilage which consisted of body dorsally and tail ventrally. Also there were superficial and deep intrinsic and rostral, caudolateral, and caudomedial extrinsic laryngeal skeletal muscles.
Post-vaccinal reaction for some vaccines used against Newcastle disease in Sulaimaniyah province
Authors: Abdul Ahad E.A.
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the safety of the most commonly used Newcastle disease vaccines in Al-Sulaimaniyah province (LaSota and Clone30). A total of 225 one-day-old broiler chicks of Ross 308 breed were investigated for their maternal-derived antibody (MDA) titers by ELISA test. Subsequently, these chicks were divided randomly into 3 equal groups; ( 2 treatment groups, a T1 group which was vaccinated by LaSota vaccine and T2 group which was vaccinated by the Clone30 vaccine). and control non-vaccinated group. ELISA test was used to investigate the antibody titers against NDV in all groups on day 10 post second vaccination at 34 days of chicks age and tissue biopsies were obtained for histopathological examination from the trachea, spleen, Bursa of Fabricius and thymus to explore the tissue changes that may be induced by the vaccine. Significant variation was observed in the means of antibody titers against NDV between the control and treatment groups, whereas, no significant variation was observed between the treatment groups themselves. The histopathological examination results showed that a reactive lymphocytic response was observed in both treatment groups compared to the control group. In addition, focal epithelial sloughing and mucopurulent exudates were observed in the trachea of T1 group chicks only. The result of this study showed that the NDV vaccine of clone30 is approximate of the same efficiency and more secure than LaSota vaccine.
An investigation of Toxoplasmosis in Free Range chickens, Industrial chickens and Duck in mid Euphrates area of Iraq
Authors: Alkhaled M. J. A.
Published: January 2019

The current study determined the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis among the free Range Chicken , Industrial Chicken and Duck by using LAT and ELISA .A total of 200 FR Chicken purchased (70 Al-qadisyia province, 65Al-najaf province, and 65 Babylon province), 200 Industrial Chicken purchased from ten Industrial farms in geographical different region of Al-Diwania city and 50 Duck purchased(rural area and bird sale places of Al-Diwania city) were involved in this study , one hundred thirty four (67%) of FR Chicken , Sixty two (31%) of Industrial chicken and twenty eight (56%) of Duck, were diagnosed primarily as Toxoplasmosis by LAT.Out of 90 ( 45 FR Chicken and 45 Industrial Chicken ) of LAT positive cases, only 36% were positive by ELISA which considered as confirmed Toxoplasmosis cases .Results revealed ,that 51.11% and 28.88% of FR chicken and Industrial chicken positive by ELISA respectively.The percentage of T. gondii antibodies in FR chickenby LAT were 71.42%,69.23% and 55.38% in Al-Qadissiya, Babylon and in Al-najaf provinces respectively whereas the percentage by ELISA were 66.66% , 46.66% and 33.33% in Al-Qadisiya, Babylon and in Al-najaf respectively.Although the difference observed in the percentage of T. gondii antibodies among different provinces, there was no significant differences P < 0.05detected by LAT whereas in the ELISA there was significant differences P<0.05.The highest titer in LAT were 1/128 (34.32%) in FR chicken, 1/8 (29.3%) in the Industrial chicken and 1/32(35.7 %) in the Duck, The lowest titer were 1/2 (5.22%) in FR chicken , 1/128 (0%) in the Industrial chicken and 1/4(0%) in the Duck.
Histopathological changes of some internal organs in broilers fed aflatoxin
Authors: K. H Ekhlas
Published: January 2019

Forty, one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308), were randomly distributed at one day of age to 2 experimental groups consisting of 10 birds with two replicates for 35 days. Group 1 fed control diet with no Aflatoxin (AF) (negative control),while group 2 fed AF contaminated diet at a rate of 2.5ppm. Scarifying birds done at the end of the experiment, bursa of Fabricius, liver and kidney were sectioned for microscopical examination .It was shown that AF affected Liver, kidney and the immune system organ (bursa of Fabricius), which are considered to be the target organs for AF and these are primarily affected in aflatoxicosis.
Gross and histological comparison of hydatid cyst infection in livers of sheep and cows
Authors: Al Se´adawy. M.A.H.
Published: January 2019

Three samples of fertile hydatid cysts and 3 other sterile were collected from sheep liver and 3 samples of sterile hydatid cysts from cows liver. Infected liver samples with hydatid cyst were obtained from meat seal shops in AL-Muthanna province in December 2010, then measured dimensions of cysts and calculated the quantity of hydatid fluid and viability of protoscolices by staining with eosin stain then examining under a light microscope of 40x. petechial hemorrhage and paleness around cysts were important gross lesions in sheep in addition to calcification in cow hydatid cysts, on another hand the histological lesions were thickened fibrous layer and severe necrosis with infiltrations of eosinophils and extensive calcification in cows liver. There was a significant effect of the amount of hydatid cyst, thickness of the fibrous layer and thickness of the necrotic layer.
Study the effect of electromagnetic field on cortisol hormone some biochemical and hematological parameters in adult female rabbits
Authors: Hilal J. A. K.
Published: January 2019

This study was investigated the effects of static magnetic field (SMF) on the serum cortisol hormone, biochemical and hematological parameter in 12 mature female rabbits, six of them were exposed to electromagnetic field of 104μT for 30 minutes twice daily for 15 days. The other six female rabbits served as control .Blood samples were collected from treated and control rabbits. Results revealed that there were significant.(p<0.05) increase in triglycerol, high density lipoprotein (HDL),and total WBC count. There were significant (p< 0.05) decrease in serum total protein, albumin, globulin, serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL), glucose, and cortisol hormone . statically magnetic field also caused significant decrease in RBC count, PCV% and Hb concentration.
Effect of adding L.arginine on some parameters of bull sperms after freezing in liquid nitrogen (-196˚C).
Authors: AL-Ebady A.S.
Published: January 2019

In order to investigate the effect of adding L.arginine on poor motile bull sperms, this study was conducted in Artificial Insemination Center of Abou-Ghareeb . 17 ejaculates with poor motile sperms estimated (40% to 55%) were collected by artificial vagina from 5 bulls and extended with Tris-yolk-fructose-glycerol extender supplemented with 0.005 M of L.arginine, cooled for 2 hours, equilibrated for 4 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen at (-196˚C), then thawed after 48 hours in (37˚C for 30 seconds) . Determination for spermatozoal motility, dead and abnormalities percentages and acrosomal abnormalities percentage were evaluated before and after freezing. Results obtained in this study concluded that L.arginine can be used to activate the motility of poor motile bull sperms, furthermore, it can be used as an adjuvant in bull semen extenders to maintain the viability of spermatozoa after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at (-196˚C).
Effect of Obesity on Serum Estrogen concentration and ovarian growth with uterine development in Mature Female Wistar Rats
Authors: AL-Zamely H.A.N.
Published: January 2019

The present study has been carried out at the College of Veterinary Medicine ,AL-Qadisiya University to determine the effect of obesity on serum Estrogen concentration in mature female Wistar rats.Fifty immature female rats (14-20 days age,30-40g.) were housed at the animal house during the period extended from 25th March,2011 to 10th June,2011.Animals were randomly divided into two equal groups. Control fed on standard feed and treated fed on high fat feed ( 32.3%fat by weight and 4828 k cal/kg energy). Daily body weights were recorded during the experiment period extended to the 100th day of age .At 60 days of age ,eight of mature female Wistar rats from each group were anesthetized, dissected and blood samples were obtained from abdominal vein for assessment of Estrogen concentration in serum. Ovaries and uteri were also obtained, weighted and fixed in formalin 10% for histopathological study.Ovarian and uterine weights of treated group recorded significant decrement in comparison with that of control.Hormonal assay in sera showed significant decrement of estrogen in treated mature female rats in comparison with that of control female rats. Ovarian sections of treated female rats revealed lower level of proliferation in the follicular tissue and predominance of Graffian follicles compared with control. Similarly uterine sections of treated female rats showed filtration of adipose tissue with less proliferated changes and less uterine glands compared with that in control.
Prevalence of some Cryptosporidium species in cattle in Baghdad ,Iraq
Authors: Al- zubaidi M. TH. S.
Published: January 2019

A total of 268 fecal samples were collected from calves between 1 week to 2 years old from Al-Nasr station for dairy cattle and three regions in Baghdad (AL-Taji, AL-Shula, and AL-Gazaliya). Modified Zehil Neelson stain was used to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts in these samples. Oocyst shape and size were used as criterions for species identification. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was 35.44%. No sex preponderance was found, but there was decreasing in the prevalence versus age, with C. parvum was the dominated species before six month age, and C. andersoni in calves older than that.
A comparison between steroidal hormones in follicular fluids and histological change of the dominant and cystic follicles of local breeding cows.
Authors: Al-Gewary A. K.
Published: January 2019

The cystic ovarian follicle are a serious cause of reproductive failure in cattle because theyoccur frequently and prolong the intervals from postpartum to first estrus and conception. Thepaired ovaries were collected from forty four slaughtered cow after examination by rectalpalpation to diagnosis of the cystic follicle stricter, the local breeding cow were primarily Al-Genobea , Al-Kradea and Al- Shrabea cow , the age of its cow are (4-6) years but thereproductive status were unknown.The cysts follicle fluids contain high significantly of oestradioland progesterone ( p <0·05) than the dominant follicle fluids.The histological characteristics ofthe dominant follicles (17-25 mm) are shown Small antral and have a granulosa cell layer andinternal theca cell layer, but the cystic follicles which presented the large granulose cell layer,which was basically a poly-layer .Aim of this studies are comparison of the estradiole (E2) &progesterone (P4) concentrations in the follicular fluids of the dominant follicles and cysticfollicles ,with studies of the histological change between the follicular walls.
Histological study of the adrenal gland in the adult Iraqi local male rabbits
Authors: Murad N. A.
Published: January 2019

The present study was designed to provide basic data about the histological features of theadrenal gland in the adult Iraqi local male rabbits. The adrenal glands were paired, lie close thecraniomedial border of the kidney, together they weigh about 0.59 g ± 0.38. Each adrenal glandwas covered by a dense connective tissue capsule and consists of two layers: adrenal cortex andadrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex made up of columnar or polyhedral cells, and can be dividedin to three layers according to arrangement of its cells were: The zona glomerulosa immediatelyinside the capsule, consisting of closely packed, arched cords of columnar or pyramidal cellssurrounded by many capillaries. The zona fasciculata (middle zone) it consists of straightcolumns of large polyhedral cells. The zona reticuiaris ( innermost zone ) arranged as an irregularnetwork of anastomosing cords of cells surrounded by sinusoids.The Adrenal medulla iscomposed of large, polyhedral cells arranged in cords or groups and supported by a reticular fibernetwork. A profuse supply of sinusoidal capillaries intervenes between adjacent cords.
A field study to demonstrate the impact of high temperatures in Al- Diwaniya province on ISA Brown
Authors: Jassim N. S.
Published: January 2019

This study aims to describe the impact of high temperatures in the tropics on layinghens ISA Brown and thus to reduce the economic losses caused by this effect.The presentstudy was conducted on two fields from the fields of laying hens have been vaccinatedaccording to a program for vaccines fixed did not get injured during the the experimentalperiod was calculated morbidity daily throughout the year.It was evident from the statisticalanalysis that for the month of significant effect on the morbidity proportion, with the highestrates morbidity in the Oval test, June, July and was the highest morbidity in July amountedto 11.04% at a temperature (30-33.8 m) and recorded less morbidity rate in January as they hit0.468 with a temperature 22.4 m. we conclude from this study that there is a correlationbetween the percentage of morbidity high temperature according to the positive relationship, also it adversely effect the production & weight of egg produced by such birds.
Study of some serum biochemical changes of experimental diabetes mellitus in Donkey
Authors: Fadhil A. H.
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted to induce experimental diabetes in donkeys and assess some serum biochemical changes in diabetes mellitus. Fifteen donkeys were used in this experiment and divided into two groups:A. Treatment group which includes (11) donkeys. Diabetic group. denoted by Dm.B. Control group which includes (4) donkeys denoted by Cm.Animals were housed in the field. The animals were left tow weeks for adaptation. Diabetes mellitus was induced by i.v injection of alloxan monohydrate at dose rate 100 mg/kg dissolved in 25 ml of normal saline, while the control groups were injected with 25 ml of normal saline. Blood was collected before injection of alloxan monohydrate and after that (10,20.30,40)days to check fasting and random serum glucose. The laboratory tests including serum glucose, serum urea, serum creatinine, serum cholesterol, serum lactate dehydrogenase, We found out the following result according to the periods of the experiments: Serum glucose level was elevated starting from the 1st 10 days period after induction of diabetes mellitus. It reached its peak levels on the day(20,30,40). Serum urea, serum creatinine, serum cholesterol, serum lactate dehydrogenase was elevated in diabetic donkeys,in control groups, but there was no significant difference.
Morphological study of the Larynx of the indigenous adult Male Pigeon (Columba domestica)
Authors: AL-Mhanna H. K. N.
Published: January 2019

Formalistic study elucidate that the larynx in the fourteen healthy indigenous male pigeons (Columba domestica) for benefit in the study of the respiratory physiology, histopathology, and the respiratory diseases analyzes. After bird's preparation, the larynx detected, and then the shape, position and its components studied in details.The larynx emerges in the caudal part of the oropharyngeal cavity as a heart-shaped cartilaginous mass. It composed of a single hyaline cricoid cartilage which consisted of body and left and right wings, double hyaline arytenoid cartilages which consisting of body and rostral and caudal processes, and single hyaline procricoid cartilage which consisted of body dorsally and curved tail caudoventrally. These cartilaginous components surrounded by laryngeal skeletal muscles intrinsic (superficial and deep) and extrinsic (rostral, caudolateral, and caudomedial).
The role of local propolis extract against harmful effects of acrylamide on some male reproductive parameters in rats
Authors: Ghazi A. M.
Published: January 2019

Propolis is a natural resinous substance obtained from bee hives living on various plant sources. The present experiment was designed to investigate the protective role of ethanolic extract of local propolis against the possible reproductive harmful effects induced by acrylamide when administered orally in male rates. A total of Thirty sexually mature male albino rats were randomly divided equally into three different groups (n = 10) , the first one : served as normal control , the second group received acrylamide alone (150 mg / Kg BW) , the third group received acrylamide in same dose and treated with local propolis extract (200 mg / Kg BW) twice daily. Doses were given by drenching for four weeks. The result of study revealed that administration of acrylamide induced significant decrease in the sperm concentration , sperm motility , rate of viability and normal sperms as well as decrease in weights of testes , epidydemis ,prostate gland , seminal vesicles , serum testosterone , FSH , LH levels with significant increase in sperm abnormalities compared with control group. Treatment with local propolis extract improved the harmful effects of acrylamide on reproductive parameters in male rats toward the normal values.
Study of some minerals deficiency in grazing sheep in Thi-Qar Province
Authors: Mohammed I. A.
Published: January 2019

This study was carried out on 250 locally sheep collected from four sides of Thi-Qar Governorate. The clinical, hematological, trace elements changes in naturally occurring minerals deficiency in sheep were described. Anemia & Pale mucous membranes, Alopecia &steely wool, Diarrhea, parakeratosis, pica, and abortion constituted the main signs and symptoms. The respiratory and heart rates were significantly higher (p<0.05) in mineral deficient sheep than in normal control sheep in one side of the province. Values of total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume were significantly lower (p<0.05) in mineral deficient sheep than in normal control sheep. Significant differences were not found in total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count values in sick and normal control sheep. Copper, Zinc and Iron values in the serum were significantly lower (p<0.05) in mineral deficient than in normal control sheep. The erythrocytes morphology appeared abnormal shapes and size, this refers to Macrocytic hypochromic anemia and Normocytic hypochromic anemia, It was concluded that significant changes were noticed between diseased and control sheep in clinical hematological values and trace elements and abnormal erythrocytes morphology, deficiency of a single element seldom occurs under field condition in Thi-Qar Province.
Eye worms, Thelazia gulosa (Railliet and Henry, 1910), In Buffalo, In IRAQ
Authors: E. I Anisimova .
Published: January 2019

We reported 21 infections with Thelazia gulosa, in Buffalo, slaughtered at Al-Diwaniya, Najaf and Babyl abattoirs, from John to September 2012. Eyes were examined carefully after uprooted 2 eyes from 328 buffalos for searching about the parasite. By gently manipulating, the eyes checking in the conjunctival sacs and corneal surface.6.4% of examined eyes were have eyeworms. Al-Diwaniyah province showed higher infections rate, than Najaf and Babyl 10.22 %, 6.42% and 3% respectively. The worm burden arranged from 1-3 per eye, with mean number 1.8 parasite\ eye. According to months, September showed highly infections rate compared with June, July and August 18%, 2.38%, 2.22% and 0% respectively. In 12 buffalos we found 1 eye infect with eyeworm, and 9 with 2 eyes.
The molecular epidemiology of rotavirus strains causing gastroenteritis in infant in the region of Mid Iraq
Authors: Abood W. S.
Published: January 2019

Rotavirus diarrhea is a leading cause of child death. It is a major concern in developing and developed countries. In Iraq, few studies and analysis were executed for genetic assessment of rotavirus.The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of rotavirus caused gastroenteritis and identify the distribution of the circulating G and P types of rotavirus among infants admitted to the hospital or treated as outpatients in three governorates in the region of Mid-Iraq for symptoms of gastroenteritis.This study was undertaken during the period from June 2010 to April 2012 in infants under 1 year suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Group A rotaviruses were detected in stools by latex agglutination test and genotyped using semi nested multiplex reverse transcription PCRs with type-specific primers on the basis of their outer capsid proteins.Of the 348 stool specimens from infants with acute gastroenteritis, 42.45% were positive for rotavirus A. The predominant G type was G1 (48.57%), followed by G2 (22.14%), G9 (11.42%), G3 (2.14%), G4 (0.71%). Only P [8] (61.4%), P [4] (11.4%) and P [6] (5.7%) genotypes were found. Infants of 9 and 10 months of age were most frequently affected. The prevalence of rotavirus infection peaked in the Autumn season, when temperatures were low, and decreased in summer. Epidemiological knowledge of rotavirus is critical for the development of effective preventive measures, including vaccines. These data will help to make informed decisions as to whether rotavirus vaccine should be considered for inclusion in Iraqi National Immunization Program.
The relationship between Salmonella infection and liver fluke infestation in slaughter sheep
Authors: Al-Nakeeb N. K.
Published: January 2019

The study aimed to detect the relationship between Salmonella infection and liver fluke infestation in slaughter sheep and the association of them with sex and age.Two hundred forty Awassi sheep were divided into two groups, first group(120)healthy animals free from liver fluke (control group), while the second group(120) animals infected with liver fluke(infected group ). Different samples were collected from all animals includes, liver, bile , fecal samples and liver fluke were conducted to bacteriological and serological examination for detection of Salmonella and parasitological examination for detection of Fasciola spp. Results revealed that the percentage of Salmonella isolated from control group were (15%) while in the infected group were (25.83%). According to samples, liver ,fecal samples and liver fluke showed a higher percent of Salmonella infection in the infected group in comparison with control group with a significant difference at (p0.05).A high percent of isolation of Salmonella from male (23.07%) than the percentage in female (8.82%).Moreover, results indicated a high percentage isolate of Salmonella in animals aged 3-4 years.
Diagnostic Study of Toxoplasmosis in Domestic Chickens in Sulaimani Province
Authors: Mohammed A. A.
Published: January 2019

Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis in human and animals, a disease of cosmopolitan character. A total of 65 serum samples of domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Sulaimani region were collected from May till August 2012.The overall seropositivity against T. gondii antibody was 60% based on the Latex agglutination test (LAT). The positive agglutination titers were ranged between 1:2 -1:128, and the highest seropositive rate observed at a titer 1: 128 was 25.64% . The present study demonstrated that anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were high in chickens in this study.In histopathological examination of brain samples, tissue cysts were observed in 7 samples 33.33%. About the Giemsa stained impression tissue smears of liver, kidney and spleen of all seropositive chickens tissue cysts also observed at the rate of 38.46%, 20.51% and 12.82% respectively, the results indicate that T. gondii localized in the liver more often than in other tissues of naturally infected chickens.This is the first report of T. gondii infection in domestic chickens in Sulaimani province.
Comparative Toxicological Studies between Amikacin and Tobramycin Given Alone or with Calcium Gluconate in Rabbits
Authors: Salih N. A.
Published: January 2019

This study consists of two experiments conducted to explore a toxicological comparison between tobramycin sulphate and amikacin sulphate, and to explore the role of calcium gluconate in antagonizing or reducing the main toxic side effects of tobramycin and amikacin like nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neuromuscular blockade.The first experiment was designed to study and measure the acute toxicity of these drugs by using the Up and Down method, which showed that the value of intravenous LD50 of both drugs increased almost twice as much from 154.8 to 294.8 mg/kg for tobramycin and from 437.1 to 737.1 mg/kg for amikacin after the pretreatment with calcium gluconate.The second experiment was performed on rabbits injected with selected toxic dose considered as LD50 of tobramycin and amikacin given by intravenous IV route for the observation of the neurotoxicity signs and recording their appearance time, until the observation of certain definite neurotoxic signs such as loss of righting reflex. At that time, calcium gluconate was given by slow intravenous infusion (over 5-10 minutes) at a high range of therapeutic dose 45mg/kg and the time of disappearance of neuromuscular blockade signs with the number of life and dead animal were recorded for each treatment.The results of this experiment showed that although tobramycin was more potent in inducing neurotoxic effects according to the dose used but amikacin is seems to be more efficacious in developing neurotoxic signs response according to it is short appearance and disappearance time of toxic signs after amikacin and calcium treatment, in comparison with that of tobramycin and calcium treatment.
USING OF EPIDIDYMAL SPERMS OF LOCAL IRAQI BUCKS FOR IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Authors: AL-TIMIMI I.H.S.
Published: January 2019

Sixty female genital organs of black local Iraqi goats were collected from the abattoir during the breeding season, and transported in a normal saline in a cool box within 30 minutes of slaughter to the Theriogenology lab. The oocytes were collected either by aspiration or slicing and graded on the basis of the nature of cumulus cells and homogeneity of cytoplasm. The medium used for maturation and for IVF were TCM-199, TALP and MEM. Caudal epididymal sperms were used for IVF. Results of the present study showed a high level of maturation and fertilization rates observed in TCM-199, followed by TALP and MEM medium. Thus it could be concluded that there is a possibility of getting a successful IVF in Iraqi goats by using epididymal sperms.