bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swift Carrier Scheduling for Battery-free Sensor Tags with Sensing Chain Requirements
Authors:   School of Computer Science & Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China, Xue Lingtao , Dong Xuewen , Lu Haoben , Zhao Jianming , Chen Weifeng
Published: October 2024

Battery-free sensor tags extensively enhance sensing capabilities of IoT in a cost-effective manner, which are provided energy from unmodulated carriers of other IoT devices. Passive tag scheduling algorithms have been proposed to achieve battery-free sensor tag group scheduling through coloring active devices/nodes for carrier sharing. However, existing passive tag scheduling works realize scheduling each sensor tag once, missing chain-like scheduling requirements in scenarios such as pipeline safety detection. Besides, the existing active node coloring manner leads to frequent re-coloring since carrier conflicts change after part of tags are scheduled. In this paper, we are the first to propose the concept of sensing chain, which represents scheduling multiple battery-free sensor tags in a specific order. Then, we formulate the scheduling problem as a pure integer programming problem to jointly optimize carrier generation and energy consumption. To address this NP-hard problem, we present three types of carrier sharing coloring strategies, and develop an efficient scheduling algorithm with one-time tag (ordinary and sensing chain tag) coloring. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed algorithm significantly reduces energy consumption compared to sequential scheduling. Besides, our solution is close to optimal while reducing execution time by over 40% with or without the sensing chain than state-of-arts.
FedRMA: A Robust Federated Learning Resistant to Multiple Poisoning Attacks
Authors:   School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China, Xiao Hongyong , Mu Xutong ,   School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China, Cheng Ke ,   School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China
Published: October 2024

Federated learning allows clients to collaboratively train models without disclosing local data, yet it faces the threat of poisoning attacks from malicious clients. Existing research has proposed various robust federated learning schemes, but these often consider only a single type of poisoning attack and are inadequate for scenarios where multiple poisoning attacks occur simultaneously. To address this problem, this paper proposes FedRMA, a robust federated learning scheme resistant to multiple poisoning attacks. FedRMA eliminates the need for unrealistic prior knowledge and defends against multiple poisoning attacks by identifying and removing malicious clients. FedRMA adopts the Affinity Propagation clustering algorithm to adaptively partition clients, thereby enhancing its ability to handle multiple poisoning attacks. To mitigate the impact of uncertainty in client data distribution on model selection, FedRMA uses the L-BFGS algorithm to predict the expected global model and uses it to identify malicious clients. We evaluate the performance of FedRMA on the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets and compare it with two existing baselines. The experimental results show that FedRMA successfully eliminates the negative impact of multiple poisoning attacks by accurately identifying malicious clients and outperforms the baseline schemes.
Soundscapy: A python package for soundscape assessment and analysis
Authors: MITCHELL Andrew
Published: October 2024

Soundscape questionnaires are widely used to gather subjective information about people's perceptions and attitudes towards their acoustic environment. Despite the widespread adoption of ISO/TS 12913-3 guidelines for analyzing soundscape survey data, there are still several interpretations
and challenges in application. To enable the easy, accessible, and consistent analysis of soundscape data, an open-source python package called Soundscapy has been developed. This package implements a visualization approach for soundscape data analysis using a probabilistic method that depicts
the collective perception of a soundscape as a distribution of responses within the circumplex. In addition, functions for psychoacoustic and acoustic analysis of binaural data are included, with a focus on consistent and optimized processing of multiple recordings. This conference paper outlines
the important features of Soundscapy, explains its basic functioning, lists its current capabilities, and gives recommendations for its best use. Finally, the future development of Soundscapy is proposed, including the integration of predictive soundscape models for use in automated assessment
and design.
Examination of representative manifolds existence in passive sonar dataset
Authors: BAE Junho , KIM Geunhwan , HONG Wooyoung , CHOO Youngmin
Published: October 2024

Conventionally, passive sonar classification has been conducted to predict a ship size for given sample. Recent studies have shown high accuracy, far exceeding the performance of early baselines. However, the assumption that manifolds of passive sonar dataset are formed according to
the ship size hasn't been studied deeply. In this paper, we investigate the assumption and attempt to analyze the dataset to observe the manifolds. We consider various attributes of passive sonar signals including, which could form the manifold. We employ unsupervised and supervised learning
methods with various extracted features. In our analysis, it is difficult to find an attributes dominantly forming the manifolds because passive signals significantly changed by various facts including ocean environment and moving status. Our study wil provide a deeper understanding of the
dataset, leading to a realistic and robust passive sonar classifier.
Basic study of structural health monitoring for layered structures subjected to vibration from a semi-active dynamic vibration absorbers
Authors: TAJIRI Daiki , IWATANI Mirei , KAWAMURA Shozo
Published: October 2024

Vibration suppression of structures and structural health monitoring (SHM) are important technologies for realizing a sustainable society, and as stated in SDGs No. 11 "Sustainable cities and communities,"their importance is widely known. Semi-active dynamic vibration absorbers
(SADVA) are used in vibration suppression technology, in addition to passive and active dynamic vibration absorbers. Basically, the physical properties of SADVA, which are passive elements such as the spring constant and viscous damping coefficient, can be changed externally. These dynamic
vibration absorbers generally operate only when an earthquake occurs. Here, to achieve SDG No. 12 "Responsible consumption, production," we verify whether it is possible to use some of the SADVA mentioned above for SHM. The vibration data of structures is sometimes used in SHM technology.
Specifically, an abnormality is diagnosed by measuring the frequency response with a sensor installed in a structure and focusing on the change in the frequency response between normal and abnormal conditions. In this study, we propose a method to identify the location and level of abnormalities
in layered structures using a part of SADVA as a shaker.
Effects of indoor thermal-acoustic interaction on comfort and facial expression
Authors: WEN Xin , MENG Qi , YANG Da , LI Mengmeng
Published: October 2024

While thermal-acoustic interaction is considered that to have an effect on comfort perceptions, the interaction effects of these factors and their impacts on perceived comfort and facial expressions have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, the interaction effects between
temperature and sound pressure levels on thermal, acoustics, overall comfort and facial expressions of young adults in offices were examined. The results showed that: (1) thermal-acoustic interaction and sound pressure levels had a significantly effect on thermal comfort, acoustic comfort
and overall comfort; thermal comfort and overall comfort were significantly affected by temperature. (2) thermal-acoustic interaction had a significantly effect on the valence of facial expressions over a period from 20 to 60 seconds. (3) comfort perceptions had significantly correlations
with several facial expressions.
A new approach to account for turbulence distortion effect on Amiet's leading-edge noise prediction
Authors: DOS SANTOS Fernanda Leticia , BOTERO-BOLíVAR Laura , VENNER Kees , DE SANTANA Leandro Dantas
Published: October 2024

A turbulent inflow distorts as it approaches an airfoil's leading edge (LE), which is an important phenomenon influencing the airfoil LE noise. This mechanism is not yet fully understood and is not accounted for in Amiet's theory for LE noise. Thus, the main contribution of this paper
is to discuss a possible new approach to account for turbulence distortion in Amiet's LE noise model. The analysis is based on wind tunnel experiments performed for four NACA airfoil geometries. Hot-wire anemometry and a microphone array were used to evaluate the turbulence in the LE region
and the radiated noise, respectively. Turbulent inflow was generated with a rod and a grid. Based on the measured turbulence data, a formulation that describes the turbulence length scale near the airfoil LE is introduced, which yields more accurate noise predictions when used in combination
with Amiet's model. The proposed approach to estimate LE noise consists of using an appropriate turbulence spectrum formulation for the distorted turbulence and the proposed expression to determine the turbulence length scale near the airfoil LE, yielding a maximum discrepancy between measured
and predicted LE noise of 4dB for a rod Strouhal number from 0.3 to 3.
Study on noise barrier shape for reducing Shinkansen noise using scale model experiment
Authors: SATO Daigo , ABE Yukio , YAMAMOTO Kenjiro , NAKAMURA Yuta
Published: October 2024

Since Shinkansen viaducts are aging, a large-scale renovation project has been planned. In this project, aged noise barriers of various shapes are scheduled to be removed and replaced. After replacing the noise barriers, further noise reduction is required. Therefore, it is desirable
to verify the relationship between shapes of noise barriers and noise reduction effects. Against this background, the scale model experiments were conducted in anechoic chamber, focusing on the heights, the edge shapes of noise barrier and the differences in the area where sound absorbing
materials were applied to the noise barrier. In these experiments, noise levels outside a viaduct were evaluated when the conditions of the noise barrier were changed. As one of the results, it is shown that applying sound absorbing material as large an area as possible is effective in reducing
noise, regardless of the differences of edge shapes. Based on the experiments, it is thought that noise barriers with simple shape for easy maintenance can be realized by effective use of sound absorbing materials for replacing the aged noise barriers.
Deep-learning-based speech enhancement under rough-focus conditions with optical laser microphone
Authors: NAKANO Yuki , MIYAZATO Kazumichi , GENG Yuting , IWAI Kenta , NISHIURA Takanobu
Published: October 2024

Optical laser microphones have attracted attention for acoustic systems capable of recording the target speech from a distance. An optical laser microphone measures the speech-induced vibration by focusing the laser beam on the surface of the vibrating object. A recording method called
rough-focus recording using an unfocused laser beam, enables wide-range recording and robust recording against changes in focal length. However, with rough-focus recording, the broad laser beam coverage leads to insufficient intensity of the reflected laser for accurate acoustical signal measurement,
resulting in speech-quality degradation, such as the inclusion of noise, and attenuation of high-frequency components in the acquired speech. To solve this problem, deep-learning-based speech-enhancement methods for optical laser microphones have been proposed. Such methods require separate
models for different focus settings, exhibiting a lack of adaptability to changing focus settings. We propose a speech-enhancement method for training a single model for various focus settings. This model is trained with speech signals recorded across different focus settings to enhance speech
recorded in various focus settings. Experimental results indicate that the this model trained with the proposed method performs equivalent to or better than a model trained with the conventional models.
The effect of the angular error on the determination of the sound power levels of industrial coolers
Authors: EBERSOLD Mirco , ROTH Peter , JäGER Erik
Published: October 2024

Drycoolers are relevant noise sources in many industrial plants due to their typically exposed positioning. For this reason, drycoolers are often subject to strict acoustic requirements in the form of maximum permissible sound power levels. Thus, the suppliers have to provide proof
of compliance with these requirements before delivery. The acoustic verification measurement is usually carried out by measuring the sound pressure level using the enveloping surface method in accordance with EN 13487. According to EN 13487, the measurement is carried out at discrete points
on a cuboid measuring surface. Since drycoolers are sound sources that extend over a large area, an angular error occurs when measuring sound pressure levels on a cuboid measuring surface, which leads to a superelevation of the measured sound pressure level, since the acoustic particle velocity
on the cuboid measuring surface is not perpendicular to the measuring surface at almost any point. Therefore, the sound power level determined is methodically too high. By measuring the sound intensity levels in accordance with ISO 9614-2 instead of the sound pressure levels, the influence
of this angular error can be excluded and brought into good agreement with theoretical considerations and calculations of the angular error.
Topological robust transmission of elastic waves in heterogeneous phononic crystal plates
Authors: HUANG Yao , ZHAO Jinfeng
Published: October 2024

Topological insulators possessing robust transmissions in the topologically protected edge have attract increasing attention. Conventionally, the topological edge states are highly concentrated at the edge with limited width, putting restrictions on the potential phononic applications.
In this work, a broadened topological interface is reported in the phononic crystal plate with Y-shaped perforated holes, by adding a phononic crystal featuring Dirac points between two phononic crystals with different phases. The band structure of topological edge state together with typical
displacement field is presented. Using a line source to excite on the left side of the topological interface, the topological transports of elastic waves are visualized within a broadband frequency range. Moreover, based on the broadened interface including multiple cavities at different spatial
locations, the robust wave propagation is investigated by displacement fields. These results give a straightforward platform to explore the elastic wave manipulation in heterostructures for versatile advanced phononic devices.
Mechanical noise for architectural students
Authors: DíAZ-CHYLA Alexander , CARRASCAL Teresa , PEDRERO Antonio
Published: October 2024

Noise control of mechanical equipment is one of the requirements established in energy certificates (LEED, BREEAM, WELL, etc.) as well as in different design standards or national codes. At the Higher Technical School of Architecture of Madrid, Technical University of Madrid (UPM),
several courses are offered to students on the design of mechanical systems, from the selection of the equipment, its location, distribution, and its integration with the architecture. Its acoustic implications are not explained in any course. During the last year of the degree, in the course
"Proyecto de instalaciones", (Technical Equipment Design) students are asked to fully integrate the building services (heating, cooling, ventilation, fire safety, emergency signals...) in one building designed by their own, and for the first time a 2-hour masterclass on mechanical
noise for architects has been organized. In it, the main noise sources, design recommendations and the most common ways to attenuate and control it are addressed. The aim of this work is to share the learned experiences and discuss the next steps to be taken.
Exploring acoustic wave transmission in micropolar plate in air
Authors: MESO Christian , FRANKLIN Hervé , FELLAH Zine El Abiddine , OGAM Erick
Published: October 2024

This study explores the behavior of sound wave propagation across a micropolar plate at diverse incident angles, specifically crafted from expanded polystyrene. Through a blend of theoretical formulations and practical experimentation, we scrutinize the alterations in transmission coefficients
within the frequency spectrum, shedding light on the dynamic shifts in various vibrational modes. Utilizing a comprehensive setup comprising a loudspeaker, microphone, and National Instruments acquisition system, we meticulously discerned the initial trio of longitudinal vibration modes across
a broad frequency span extending up to 70 kHz. Notably, despite the plate's inherent dispersion and attenuation traits, this experimental setup proved effective. A distinctive facet of our approach lies in the deliberate incorporation of multiple incident angles, which yielded crucial insights.
Notable is the identification, within the experiments, of a critical angle, marking a transitional zone. Below this threshold, distinct Lamb modes dominate, while beyond it, the emergence of micropolar modes becomes apparent. These empirically validated findings, in alignment with theoretical
projections, substantially enrich our comprehension of these materials' engineering applications.
The problem of obtaining vehicles speed input for road traffic noise microscopic models: a comparison between field measurements and a stochastic approach
Authors: ROSSI Domenico , MASCOLO Aurora , PASCALE Antonio , COELHO Margarida , GUARNACCIA Claudio
Published: October 2024

Mitigating environmental noise harmful effects is a relevant goal in the EU "Zero Pollution Action Plan", which targets a 30% reduction in chronic annoyance from transportation noise by 2030. Since road traffic is a major noise source in urban and non-urban settings, much
effort has been invested in analyzing and modeling it. To assess noise levels, numerous Road Traffic Noise Models (RTNMs) exist, each requiring multiple inputs like vehicle flows, percentage of heavy vehicles, and average speed. Specifically, when dealing with microscopic models, the single
vehicle speeds are needed. To obtain them, on-site measurements offer accurate data but are time consuming and expensive. This paper explores two approaches: an alternative measurement approach, based on video processing and object detection tools, and a stochastic approach, which randomly
assigns a speed to each vehicle from a distribution curve, depending on traffic conditions and vehicle category. These methodologies are used to provide input data to a road traffic noise microscopic model, whose results are compared with field measured data. This comparison will allow to
get useful insights on the performances of the proposed techniques in providing reliable inputs and their potential applications in different scenarios where single vehicle measured speeds are not available.
Acoustic characteristics of the operating noise of vacuum cleaners that evoke the feeling of suction
Authors: TAKADA Masayuki , MATSUI Kaito
Published: October 2024

Vacuum cleaner noise is mostly assessed by the sound when the cleaner is not picking up dust. However, users usually hear the operating noise when the cleaner is picking up dust, and this noise is used to recognize that the cleaner is working properly. Therefore, the vacuum cleaner
operating noise during dust collection should be evaluated. Psychoacoustical experiments were conducted on three vacuum cleaner models to evaluate the sound quality of the operating noise when beads or pieces of paper were vacuumed. The results showed a strong influence of loudness. We therefore
standardized the loudness of the operating noise at around 20 sone and carried out similar experiments. A relationship was found between the suction feeling and the impression of luxury. Most of the stimuli that evoked both the impression of luxury and the suction feeling were the noises made
when there was no suction object. When comparing the acoustic properties of stimuli that evoked strong and weak suction feelings, the operating noise of the appliance itself, especially those with components in the low frequency range up to 500 Hz and in the high frequency range around 10
kHz, was rated as strong suction feeling.
LEGAL AND PROCEDURAL ASPECTS OF NOTARIAL PROTECTION IN UKRAINE AND IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Martsenko N. , Zvenyhoretska N. ,   West Ukrainian National University
Published: October 2024

The study is relevant due to the constant need to improve the legal system and its significant component, notaries. First of all, this is due to the need to take into account constant changes in society and technological breakthroughs in order to adapt notarial activities to new realities. In addition, the analysis of the theoretical foundations and regulatory framework of notaries in Ukraine in comparison with other countries helps to identify the advantages and disadvantages in national legislation and contributes to the improvement of legal norms. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical and legal analysis of notarial protection in Ukraine and in certain foreign countries. This paper analyses the theoretical foundations and legal framework regulating notarial activity and defining the legal status of a notary in Ukraine and in some foreign countries of different legal systems. The article examines the role of the notary as a component of the legal order system, its tasks and peculiarities of organisation. The author identifies the main elements that constitute the legal status of a notary in Ukraine and in foreign countries. The author makes a comparative legal characterisation of the peculiarities of the legal status of a notary in the Latin and Anglo-Saxon notaries. Particular attention is paid to the legality, objectivity, independence and competence of notaries, who play a key role in ensuring the legal accuracy and legality of transactions. The article also discusses the support of notarial protection in Ukraine through the electronic document management system and electronic digital signature, which ensures the security and confidentiality of transactions. The article examines the role of notarial activity as a form of protection of subjective civil rights which complements other methods of legal protection. In particular, the author emphasises that notarial protection is a complement to other forms of protection, such as judicial and administrative protection, and identifies the need to analyse the legal status of notaries in other countries in order to improve national notarial legislation. It is proposed to take into account the experience of foreign legislators in rulemaking with a view to theoretical and legislative improvement of the legal status of notaries in Ukraine. Keywords: notary, notary, legal status of a notary, protection, form of protection, notarial protection, liability, contract, transaction.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO LEGAL REGULATION OF CUSTOMS REGIMES (PROCEDURES) IN UKRAINE AND THE EU
Authors:   National University “Odesa Law Academy’’, Mishchenko I. , Koval N. ,   National University “Odesa Law Academy”
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the main differences in approaches to the legal regulation of customs regimes in Ukraine and the European Union. The author compares the provisions of the Customs Code of Ukraine and the Union Customs Code and finds that both jurisdictions use similar approaches to legal regulation in this area, which is a consequence of the ongoing efforts to harmonise Ukrainian customs legislation with EU customs legislation. However, the author notes that in some respects the differences are significant. Apart from terminological inconsistencies, which can be justified by the difficulty of translating certain terminology, the concept and the list of customs regimes (customs procedures in the EU) are different. The author has identified an error in the Ukrainian legislator's definition of the term "customs regime" and criticises the definition of this key concept in the EU Customs Code. The author concludes that the European legislator has adopted a more balanced approach to the creation of the list of customs regimes (procedures). The author concludes that the system of customs regimes in Ukraine is overloaded and it is necessary to reduce their number. This will facilitate the customs clearance of goods, simplify the understanding of certain provisions of the Customs Code of Ukraine and improve their enforcement by the competent authorities. The author considers it necessary to exclude from the list of customs regimes such types of customs regimes as duty-free trade and temporary export, as they do not correspond to the definition of a customs regime. Re-importation and re-exportation, in the author's opinion, are actions intended to complete other customs regimes or to dispose of goods not placed under any customs regime. The author suggests that the rules on destruction and abandonment to the State should be combined with the existing rules on the methods of disposal of goods, including sale, free transfer to the relevant entities, etc. Keywords: customs regime, customs procedure, disposal of goods, customs formalities, Union Customs Code, Customs Code of Ukraine
USE OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE DURING THE PRE-JUDICIAL FRAUD INVESTIGATION: CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL AND CRIMINALISTIC ASPECT
Authors:   Private High Education Institution ", Kostromina O. H. ,   Zaporizhzhia Institute of Economics and Information Technologies"
Published: October 2024

The article examines the criminal-procedural and forensic aspect of the use of special knowledge during the pre-trial investigation of fraud. It is noted that, from a practical point of view, it is advisable to divide the use of special knowledge during fraud investigation into procedural and non-procedural (organizational) forms. Among the main procedural forms is the involvement of a specialist in the conduct of procedural actions and the appointment of forensic examinations. Among the non-procedural (organizational) forms, the most effective are consultative and reference and analytical assistance of a specialist in the relevant field. Forensic examination is one of the important means of obtaining evidence during a fraud investigation. It is noted that the main forms of using special knowledge during the investigation of fraud are: the involvement of specialists in investigative (search) activities. Identification, fixation, collection of traces that may be important in criminal proceedings; appointment of forensic examinations. An expert's opinion may have evidentiary value in substance; consulting and reference assistance. Explanations of specialists who will help in establishing the truth, as well as obtaining information that can be used to appoint the necessary forensic examinations. Scientific development in the field of pretrial investigation of fraud is constantly developing, taking into account changes in the ways of committing criminal offenses and technologies. Especially in recent years, there has been an increase in interest in this direction due to the spread of digital technologies. The results of scientific research help law enforcement agencies to improve their work and respond more effectively to modern challenges in the field of combating fraud. The use of specialized knowledge in the pretrial investigation of fraud is an important component of the successful detection and counteraction of this type of criminal offense, as well as ensuring the objectivity of the investigation. The use of special knowledge combined with the professional experience and high level of competence of the investigator can significantly increase the effectiveness of the investigation and combat fraud. Key words: pretrial investigation, fraud, criminal offense, criminal proceedings, special knowledge, specialist, expert, forensic examination.
Tuberculose, HIV/AIDS e (in) sucesso escolar: o desafio do promotor da saúde escolar em Moçambique/ África
Authors: Bassiano Victor , Bassiano Fátima da Deolinda , Lima Claudia Araújo de , Silva Marta Angélica Iossi , Ballestero Jaqueline Garcia de Almeida , Lima Mônica Cristina Ribeiro Alexandre d´Auria de , Palha Pedro Fredemir , Mitano Fernando
Published: October 2024

Em Moçambique como em outros países africanos economicamente menos favorecidos, a Coinfecção Mycobacterium tuberculosis e Vírus de Imunodeficiência Humana segue como um problema de saúde pública relevante e interfere na escolarização de milhares de crianças quer sejam ou não portadoras destas enfermidades, especialmente cujas seus cuidadores vivem em um contexto de múltiplas privações e também de coinfecção. Trata-se de um estudo documental que objetivou analisar as políticas que privilegiam a articulação entre setores da saúde e educação na resposta nacional à coinfecção da tuberculose e do vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Foram analisados documentos oficiais internacionais e produzidos em Moçambique que abordam a promoção à saúde de crianças. Conclui-se que as políticas voltadas ao controle da coinfecção de ditas enfermidades em Moçambique, não priorizam o ambiente escolar. Sugere-se a busca conjunta de soluções, união de esforços especialmente entre sectores da educação e saúde pois, no país, a coinfecção tuberculose e o vírus da imunodeficiência humana, se converte em uma questão não somente relacionada à saúde, como também, ao socioeconómico e interfere para o insucesso escolar no ensino básico.
Caderneta da criança como ferramenta para monitorização do desenvolvimento infantil de crianças em situação de vulnerabilidade social
Authors: Vasconcelos Clarissa Cotrim dos Anjos , Melo Catharina Isis Santos de , Silva Laysa Cynara Nascimento e , Bezerra Célia Margarida Vieira , Marinho Nathalie Maria Oliveira , Rodrigues José Erickson , Wanderley Thays Cristine Ferro , Menezes Isadora Bianco Cardoso de
Published: October 2024

O presente estudo busca analisar as alterações no desenvolvimento de crianças de 0 a 3 anos em situação de vulnerabilidade social, utilizando a Caderneta de Saúde da Criança (CSC) e o Teste de Triagem do Desenvolvimento de Denver II (TTDD). Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, realizado como parte do Projeto de Extensão Comunitária em 2019. O estudo empregou a CSC para identificar marcos do desenvolvimento e aplicou o TTDD para avaliação adicional. A amostra consistiu em 15 crianças, predominantemente do sexo feminino. Dos participantes, 60% apresentaram fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento. Observou-se que 46,66% das crianças não atingiram os marcos de desenvolvimento esperados para a faixa etária, conforme a CSC, e 20% apresentaram risco para atraso de acordo com o TTDD. Além disso, foi identificada uma associação positiva entre os resultados da CSC e do TTDD. O domínio mais comprometido foi o motor fino adaptativo. Esses resultados indicam que a CSC é uma ferramenta crucial para a detecção precoce de desvios no desenvolvimento, permitindo o encaminhamento adequado para serviços especializados. Portanto, é essencial aumentar a conscientização entre os profissionais de saúde sobre a importância da CSC para melhorar a identificação precoce e o manejo das dificuldades de desenvolvimento infantil.
Relação entre sedentarismo e o desenvolvimento de Câncer de Cólon: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Castro Peter Abrante de , Rocha Bruno Meira Passamani do Vale , Silva Daniel Barbosa Marques , Torres Juliana Godoi
Published: October 2024

Este artigo realiza uma revisão integrativa da literatura para investigar a relação entre o sedentarismo e o desenvolvimento de câncer de cólon. A análise inclui estudos publicados entre 2014 e 2024, extraídos das bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, BVS e Google Scholar. Os resultados indicam que o sedentarismo é um fator de risco significativo para o câncer de cólon, influenciado por mecanismos biológicos como inflamação crônica, resistência à insulina e alterações no metabolismo lipídico. A revisão destaca a necessidade de intervenções baseadas na promoção da atividade física regular como estratégia preventiva essencial. Além disso, ressalta-se a importância de políticas públicas que incentivem a prática de exercícios físicos e abordagens personalizadas para maximizar a adesão às práticas preventivas. Apesar das evidências robustas, limitações metodológicas, como a variabilidade nas definições de sedentarismo e a predominância de estudos observacionais, sugerem a necessidade de pesquisas futuras mais rigorosas. A revisão conclui que uma abordagem multidisciplinar, combinando atividade física com outros fatores de prevenção, é fundamental para reduzir a incidência do câncer de cólon e melhorar a qualidade de vida das populações em risco.
Precision Cancer Therapy Enabled Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Conjugated Manganese Core Phthalocyanine Bismuth Nanocomposite for Dual Imaging-Guided Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Mondal Sudip , Park Sumin , Nguyen Van Tu , Doan Vu Hoang Minh , Choi Jaeyeop , Ly Cao Duong , Phan Duc Tri , Truong Thi Thuy , Vo Tan Hung , Nguyen Dinh Tuan , Pal Umapada , Lee Byeongil , Oh Junghwan
Published: October 2024

Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, demanding the exploration of innovative treatment modalities with minimized side effects. One promising avenue involves the synergistic integration of targeted photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT), utilizing specially designed functional nanomaterials for precise cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study introduces a composite biomaterial, anti-epidermal growth factor receptor-conjugated manganese core phthalocyanine bismuth (anti-EGFR-MPB), synthesized for precise cancer imaging and treatment. The biomaterial, synthesized via a solvothermal process, effectively treats and images breast cancer in mouse models. Its biomimetic design targets cancer cells precisely, with dual imaging for real-time monitoring. The biomimetic design of the composite enables precise targeting of cancer cells, whereas the dual imaging allows for real-time visualization and monitoring of the treatment. In vivo examinations confirm substantial damage to tumor tissues with no recurrence following 808-nm laser irradiation. The composite shows strong fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging (PAI) contrast, aiding malignancy detection. Biological assays and histological analyses confirmed the efficacy of the nanocomposite in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. The integrated targeted dual image-guided phototherapy offered by this composite substantially enhances the precision and efficacy of cancer therapy, achieving an impressive photothermal efficiency of ~33.8%. Our findings demonstrate the utility of the anti-EGFR-MPB nanocomposite for both in vitro and in vivo photoacoustic image-guided PTT and PDT. The optimal treatment strategy for triple-negative breast cancer is found to be the use of 250 μg/ml of nanocomposite irradiated with 1.0 W/cm
2
808-nm laser for 7 min.
Environmental Conditions in Estuaries of the Southeast United States: Long-Term Trends and Seasonal Drivers
Authors: Mallick Nayan , Dunn Robert P.
Published: October 2024

Due to their location at the intersection of marine and freshwater ecosystems, estuaries are subject to the impacts of global change from both the ocean and land. Recent evidence has demonstrated numerous changes to environmental conditions within estuarine ecosystems, from increasing temperatures to changes in primary production, among others. We utilized long-term, high-temporal-resolution data on water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll-a concentrations in 3 National Estuarine Research Reserves in the southeast United States to characterize trends and seasonal drivers of estuarine water quality. We document spatiotemporal variability in long-term trends and seasonal patterns, with ubiquitous increases in water temperature over our study period (1995–2022) mainly driven by changes during winter months (December to February), concurrent with slight reductions in dissolved oxygen through time. We also document strong spatiotemporal variability in trends in salinity and chlorophyll-a concentration both across and within estuaries. Understanding the changes in biophysical conditions in estuarine ecosystems is critical to ensure our ability to predict the ecosystem functions and services estuaries can provide as climate conditions continue to change.
Performance Evaluation of a Silicon-Based 6U CubeSat Detector for Soft γ-Ray Astronomy
Authors: Diwan Rishank , de Kuijper Kees , Pal Partha Sarathi , Ritter Andreas , Saz Parkinson Pablo M. , Kong Andy C. T. , Parker Quentin A.
Published: October 2024

The observation of the low-energy γ-ray (0.1 to 30 MeV) sky has been significantly limited since the COMPTEL instrument aboard the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) satellite was decommissioned in 2000. The exploration of γ-ray photons within this energy band, often referred to as the MeV gap, is crucial to address numerous unresolved mysteries in high-energy and multi-messenger astrophysics. Although several large MeV γ-ray missions have been proposed (e.g., e-ASTROGAM, AMEGO, and COSI), most of these are in the planning phase, with launches not expected until the next decade, at the earliest. Recently, there has been a surge in proposed CubeSat missions as cost-effective and rapidly implementable pathfinder alternatives. An MeV CubeSat dedicated to γ-ray astronomy could serve as a valuable demonstrator for large-scale future MeV payloads. This paper proposes a γ-ray payload design with a silicon-based tracker and a cesium iodide-based calorimeter. We report the results of a simulation study to assess the performance of this payload concept and compare the results with those of previous γ-ray instruments. As part of the performance assessment and comparison, we show that with our proposed payload design, a sensitivity better than IBIS can be achieved for energies between 0.1 and 10 MeV, and for energies up to around 1 MeV, the achieved sensitivity is comparable to COMPTEL, therefore opening up a window toward cost-effective observational astronomy with comparable performance to past missions.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties of Bam Date Kernel Extract and Investigation of the Structure of Extract
Authors: Monajjemi Ali , Tabibi Maryam , Kheiri Fateme , Rasouli Alireza , Asgari Amir Arsalan , Jafari Gholam Ali
Published: October 2024

Background & Aims: The prevalence of hospital infections, especially of bacterial origin, is increasing and uncontrollable in many countries. Controlling them, because of their damage to the health and economy, is essential. Therefore, numerous efforts have been made to find new antibiotics as suitable alternatives to current ones. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of date kernel extract against several hospital pathogens. Materials and Methods: Acetone extract of Mozafati date kernel from Bam city was prepared by immersion method and its antibacterial effects on hospital pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii were investigated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and well diffusion method. Then, the structure of the obtained extract was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The MIC was observed at 400 mg/mL of extract for S. aureus bacteria. In addition, the MBC of date kernel extract was 500 mg/ mL for the tested bacteria, except for A. baumannii, where a decreasing trend was detected. The antibacterial activity was determined by the well diffusion method against all bacteria, and the greatest activity was observed against S. aureus with a growth inhibition zone diameter of 31 mm. The HPLC analysis showed the presence of 7 different structures, of which rutin was the most abundant. Conclusion: This study indicates the high antibacterial effect of acetone extract of date kernel on the tested bacteria; however, further studies should be conducted on this plant as a new and powerful antibacterial agent.
Machine-Learning Application for Predicting Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Using Laboratory and Body Composition Indicators
Authors: Masaebi Fatemeh , Azizmohammad Looha Mehdi , Mohammadzadeh Morteza , Pahlevani Vida , Farjam Mojtaba , Zayeri Farid , Homayounfar Reza
Published: October 2024

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a significant global health burden without established curative therapies. Early detection and preventive strategies are crucial for effective MASLD management. This study aimed to develop and validate machine-learning (ML) algorithms for accurate MASLD screening in a geographically diverse, large-scale population. Methods: Data from the prospective Fasa Cohort Study, initiated in rural Fars province, Iran (March 2014), were employed for this purpose. The required data were collected using blood tests, questionnaires, liver ultrasonography, and physical examinations. A two-step approach identified key predictors from over 100 variables: (1) statistical selection using mean decrease Gini in random forest and (2) incorporation of clinical expertise for alignment with known MASLD risk factors. The hold-out validation approach (with a 70/30 train/validation split) was utilized, along with 5-fold cross-validation on the validation set. Logistic regression, Naïve Bayes, support vector machine, and light gradient-boosting machine (LightGBM) algorithms were compared for model construction with the same input variables based on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy. Results: A total of 6,180 adults (52.7% female) were included in the study, categorized into 4816 non-MASLD and 1364 MASLD cases with a mean age (±standard deviation [SD]) of 48.12 (±9.61) and 49.47 (±9.15) years, respectively. Logistic regression outperformed other ML algorithms, achieving an accuracy of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-0.89) and an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90-0.93). Among more than 100 variables, the key predictors included waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), hip circumference, wrist circumference, alanine aminotransferase levels, cholesterol, glucose, high-density lipoprotein, and blood pressure. Conclusion: Integration of ML in MASLD management holds significant promise, particularly in resource-limited rural settings. Additionally, the relative importance assigned to each predictor, particularly prominent contributors such as waist circumference and BMI, offers valuable insights into MASLD prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
The Effect of Health Belief Model-Based Educational Intervention on Colorectal Cancer Screening among Men Aged 50-70 years
Authors: Honaramouz Rodi Naser , Nasirzadeh Mostafa , Mehdipour Ali , Asadpour Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Background: One of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide is colorectal cancer. Considering its impact on people’s lives, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational intervention (EI) based on the health belief model (HBM) on encouraging men aged 50-70 years in Sangan to undergo colorectal cancer screening (CRCS). Methods: In this randomized educational trial, two health centers of Sangan were randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. Then, 53 people from each health center were selected using simple random sampling method. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. Therefore, the intervention group received EI based on HBM in four 60-minute training sessions (TSs) in 3 groups of 15-20 people by different teaching methods. Additionally, the practical steps of doing the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) were taught in these sessions. One month after the EI, data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the constructs of the HBM between the groups (P>0.05), except for the perceived barriers (P=0.009). However, one month after the EI, there were significant differences in the constructs between the groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the EI based on HBM has positive impacts on encouraging people to do FIT for CRC prevention.
The Impact of an Educational Program on the Stages of Change for Mammography Screening Among Rural Women with Low Health Literacy
Authors: Salehi Elhan , Ghiasi Nasrin , Pakzad Reza , Jalilian Mohsen
Published: October 2024

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of an educational program on the mammography screening stage of change among rural women with low health literacy. Methods: In general, 52 rural women participated in this experimental study. The samples were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method and divided into two intervention (n=26) and control (n=26) groups. An educational program was implemented for the intervention group for one month. The data collection tool was a valid questionnaire based on constructs of the transtheoretical model (TTM) related to mammography screening, which was completed in the pre-test phase and after three and six months. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 at the significant level of 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the control and intervention groups at the pre-test phase (P>0.05). The intervention group demonstrated considerable progress in the stage of change for mammography screening after three- and six-month follow-ups (P<0.001, odds ratio [OR]=2.54). The odds ratio of progress in the stages of change in the intervention group compared to the control group significantly increased after three (P<0.001, OR=4.29) and six (P<0.001, OR=5.45) months of follow-up. In addition, the findings indicated a significant increase in the mean scores of decisional balance, processes of change, and self-efficacy in the intervention group compared to the control group three and six months after the educational intervention (P<0.005). Conclusion: The educational program significantly advanced mammography screening stages among rural women with low health literacy. These results highlight the program’s effectiveness in enhancing screening behaviors in this underserved population.