bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A literature review of dispersal pathways of Aedes albopictus across different spatial scales: implications for vector surveillance
Authors: Swan Tom , Russell Tanya L. , Staunton Kyran M. , Field Matt A. , Ritchie Scott A. , Burkot Thomas R.
Published: August 2022

Background

Aedes albopictusis a highly invasive species and an important vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Indigenous to Southeast Asia,Ae. albopictushas successfully invaded every inhabited continent, except Antarctica, in the past 80 years. Vector surveillance and control at points of entry (PoE) is the most critical front line of defence against the introduction ofAe. albopictusto new areas. Identifying the pathways by whichAe. albopictusare introduced is the key to implementing effective vector surveillance to rapidly detect introductions and to eliminate them.

Methods

A literature review was conducted to identify studies and data sources reporting the known and suspected dispersal pathways of human-mediatedAe. albopictusdispersal between 1940–2020. Studies and data sources reporting the first introduction ofAe. albopictusin a new country were selected for data extraction and analyses.

Results

Between 1940–2020,Ae. albopictuswas reported via various dispersal pathways into 86 new countries. Two main dispersal pathways were identified: (1) at global and continental spatial scales, maritime sea transport was the main dispersal pathway forAe. albopictusinto new countries in the middle to late 20th Century, with ships carrying used tyres of particular importance during the 1980s and 1990s, and (2) at continental and national spatial scales, the passive transportation ofAe. albopictusin ground vehicles and to a lesser extent the trade of used tyres and maritime sea transport appear to be the major drivers ofAe. albopictusdispersal into new countries, especially in Europe. Finally, the dispersal pathways for the introduction and spread ofAe. albopictusin numerous countries remains unknown, especially from the 1990s onwards.

Conclusions

This review identified the main known and suspected dispersal pathways of human-mediatedAe. albopictusdispersal leading to the first introduction ofAe. albopictusinto new countries and highlighted gaps in our understanding ofAe. albopictusdispersal pathways. Relevant advances in vector surveillance and genomic tracking techniques are presented and discussed in the context of improving vector surveillance.

Graphical Abstract
Epigenetic tumor heterogeneity in the era of single-cell profiling with nanopore sequencing
Authors: Ahmed Yohannis Wondwosen , Alemu Berhan Ababaw , Bekele Sisay Addisu , Gizaw Solomon Tebeje , Zerihun Muluken Fekadie , Wabalo Endriyas Kelta , Teklemariam Maria Degef , Mihrete Tsehayneh Kelemu , Hanurry Endris Yibru , Amogne Tensae Gebru , Gebrehiwot Assaye Desalegne , Berga Tamirat Nida , Haile Ebsitu Abate , Edo Dessiet Oma , Alemu Bizuwork Derebew
Published: August 2022

Nanopore sequencing has brought the technology to the next generation in the science of sequencing. This is achieved through research advancing on: pore efficiency, creating mechanisms to control DNA translocation, enhancing signal-to-noise ratio, and expanding to long-read ranges. Heterogeneity regarding epigenetics would be broad as mutations in the epigenome are sensitive to cause new challenges in cancer research. Epigenetic enzymes which catalyze DNA methylation and histone modification are dysregulated in cancer cells and cause numerous heterogeneous clones to evolve. Detection of this heterogeneity in these clones plays an indispensable role in the treatment of various cancer types. With single-cell profiling, the nanopore sequencing technology could provide a simple sequence at long reads and is expected to be used soon at the bedside or doctor’s office. Here, we review the advancements of nanopore sequencing and its use in the detection of epigenetic heterogeneity in cancer.
Early life sleep disruption potentiates lasting sex-specific changes in behavior in genetically vulnerable Shank3 heterozygous autism model mice
Authors: Lord Julia S. , Gay Sean M. , Harper Kathryn M. , Nikolova Viktoriya D. , Smith Kirsten M. , Moy Sheryl S. , Diering Graham H.
Published: August 2022

Background

Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high rates of sleep disruption beginning early in life; however, the developmental consequences of this disruption are not understood. We examined sleep behavior and the consequences of sleep disruption in developing mice bearing C-terminal truncation mutation in the high-confidence ASD risk gene SHANK3 (Shank3ΔC). We hypothesized that sleep disruption may be an early sign of developmental divergence, and that clinically relevant Shank3WT/ΔC mice may be at increased risk of lasting deleterious outcomes following early life sleep disruption.

Methods

We recorded sleep behavior in developing Shank3ΔC/ΔC, Shank3WT/ΔC, and wild-type siblings of both sexes using a noninvasive home-cage monitoring system. Separately, litters of Shank3WT/ΔC and wild-type littermates were exposed to automated mechanical sleep disruption for 7 days prior to weaning (early life sleep disruption: ELSD) or post-adolescence (PASD) or undisturbed control (CON) conditions. All groups underwent standard behavioral testing as adults.

Results

Male and female Shank3ΔC/ΔC mice slept significantly less than wild-type and Shank3WT/ΔC siblings shortly after weaning, with increasing sleep fragmentation in adolescence, indicating that sleep disruption has a developmental onset in this ASD model. ELSD treatment interacted with genetic vulnerability in Shank3WT/ΔC mice, resulting in lasting, sex-specific changes in behavior, whereas wild-type siblings were largely resilient to these effects. Male ELSD Shank3WT/ΔC subjects demonstrated significant changes in sociability, sensory processing, and locomotion, while female ELSD Shank3WT/ΔC subjects had a significant reduction in risk aversion. CON Shank3WT/ΔC mice, PASD mice, and all wild-type mice demonstrated typical behavioral responses in most tests.

Limitations

This study tested the interaction between developmental sleep disruption and genetic vulnerability using a single ASD mouse model: Shank3ΔC (deletion of exon 21). The broader implications of this work should be supported by additional studies using ASD model mice with distinct genetic vulnerabilities.

Conclusion

Our study shows that sleep disruption during sensitive periods of early life interacts with underlying genetic vulnerability to drive lasting and sex-specific changes in behavior. As individuals progress through maturation, they gain resilience to the lasting effects of sleep disruption. This work highlights developmental sleep disruption as an important vulnerability in ASD susceptibility.
Use of dexmedetomidine in patients with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Ting , Mei Qimin , Dai Shabai , Liu Yecheng , Zhu Huadong
Published: August 2022

Background

Dexmedetomidine is widely used in patients with sepsis. However, its effect on septic patients remains controversial. The objective of this study was to summarize all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining dexmedetomidine use in sepsis patients.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis included RCTs comparing dexmedetomidine with other sedatives in adult sepsis patients. We generated pooled relative risks (RRs) and standardized mean differences and performed trial sequential analysis and a cumulative meta-analysis. The primary outcome was mortality, and the secondary outcomes were the length of the intensive care unit stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, number of ventilation-free days, incidence of total adverse event, incidence of delirium, and levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and alanine aminotransferase.

Results

We included 19 RCTs that enrolled 1929 patients. Compared with other sedatives, dexmedetomidine decreased the all-cause mortality (RR 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.69, 0.99]) and inflammatory response (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels at 24 h: standardized mean difference (SMD) − 2.15; 95% CI [− 3.25, − 1.05] and SMD − 1.07, 95% CI [− 1.92, − 0.22], respectively). Trial sequential analysis showed that it is not up to required information size. The overall risk adverse events was similar between dexmedetomidine and the other sedatives (RR 1.27, 95% CI [0.69, 2.36]), but dexmedetomidine increased the risk of arrhythmias (RR 1.43, 95% CI [0.59, 3.51]). Length of intensive care unit stay (SMD − 0.22; 95% CI [− 0.85, − 0.41]), duration of mechanical ventilation (SMD 0.12; 95% CI [− 1.10, 1.35]), incidence of delirium (RR 0.98; 95% CI [0.72, 1.33]), and levels of alanine aminotransferase and creatinine at 24 h were not significantly reduced.

Conclusions

Dexmedetomidine in sepsis patients could significantly reduce mortality compared with benzodiazepines but not with propofol. In addition, dexmedetomidine can significantly decrease inflammatory response in patients with sepsis compared with other sedatives. Dexmedetomidine might lead to an increased incidence of arrhythmias, but its safety profile did not show significant differences in the incidence of total adverse events. Future RCTs are needed to determine the sepsis patient population that would benefit most from dexmedetomidine and its optimal dosing regimen.
The role of Sirtuin 1 in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Wu Mali , Zhang Jie , Gu Ran , Dai Fangfang , Yang Dongyong , Zheng Yajing , Tan Wei , Jia Yifan , Li Bingshu , Cheng Yanxiang
Published: August 2022

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common multifactor heterogeneous endocrine and metabolic disease in women of childbearing age. PCOS is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by reproductive disorders, metabolic disorders, and mental health problems that seriously impact the physical and mental health of patients. At present, new studies suggest that human evolution leads to the body changes and the surrounding environment mismatch adaptation, but the understanding of the disease is still insufficient, the pathogenesis is still unclear. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a member of the Sirtuin family, is expressed in various cells and plays a crucial role in cell energy conversion and physiological metabolism. Pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant stress and insulin resistance play a crucial role. Moreover, SIRT1 participates in the pathophysiological processes of oxidative stress, autophagy, ovulation disturbance and insulin resistance, which may be a vital link in the occurrence of PCOS. Hence, the study of the role of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of PCOS and related complications will contribute to a more thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of PCOS and supply a basis for the treatment of patients.
Psychometric properties of the cultural mix coping inventory for stressful situations using physical education teachers: a multidimensional item response theory analysis
Authors: Quansah Frank , Hagan John Elvis , Frimpong James Boadu , Srem-Sai Medina , Agormedah Edmond Kwesi , Ankomah Francis
Published: August 2022

The incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic heightened the levels of stress of not only students but for teachers, particularly physical education (PE) teachers. The reference to PE teachers is due to their role in engaging students in practical in-person lessons after the resumption of school. Previous literature has revealed that PE teachers exhibit significantly increased levels of anxiety, fear, tension and uncertainty that they could contract the virus during these lessons. Given this scenario, there is a growing need for identifying a suitable coping scale which can accurately measure coping strategies employed these teachers. This research assessed the psychometric properties of the 16-item coping inventory using a multidimensional item response theory approach. The study surveyed 484 PE teachers through the convenience sampling technique, after which the cultural mix coping instrument was administered to them. The findings of this study confirmed the 4-factor structure of the coping measure which is consistent with the original measure. Results further revealed that a modified 14-item compared to the original 16-item coping inventory was optimal in measuring coping strategies among PE teachers. The study concluded that the 14-item cultural mix coping inventory was appropriate, applicable and reproducible to the PE teachers’ population.
Ternary MXene-loaded PLCL/collagen nanofibrous scaffolds that promote spontaneous osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Lee Seok Hyun , Jeon Sangheon , Qu Xiaoxiao , Kang Moon Sung , Lee Jong Ho , Han Dong-Wook , Hong Suck Won
Published: August 2022

Conventional bioinert bone grafts often have led to failure in osseointegration due to low bioactivity, thus much effort has been made up to date to find alternatives. Recently, MXene nanoparticles (NPs) have shown prominent results as a rising material by possessing an osteogenic potential to facilitate the bioactivity of bone grafts or scaffolds, which can be attributed to the unique repeating atomic structure of two carbon layers existing between three titanium layers. In this study, we produced MXene NPs-integrated the ternary nanofibrous matrices of poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone, PLCL) and collagen (Col) decorated with MXene NPs (i.e., PLCL/Col/MXene), as novel scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, via electrospinning to explore the potential benefits for the spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. The cultured cells on the physicochemical properties of the nanofibrous PLCL/Col/MXene-based materials revealed favorable interactions with the supportive matrices, highly suitable for the growth and survival of preosteoblasts. Furthermore, the combinatorial ternary material system of the PLCL/Col/MXene nanofibers obviously promoted spontaneous osteodifferentiation with positive cellular responses by providing effective microenvironments for osteogenesis. Therefore, our results suggest that the unprecedented biofunctional advantages of the MXene-integrated PLCL/Col nanofibrous matrices can be expanded to a wide range of strategies for the development of effective scaffolds in bone tissue regeneration.

Graphical Abstract
Characterization of pH-responsive high molecular-weight chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel prepared by gamma irradiation for localizing drug release
Authors: Tran Vo Tu Minh , Piroonpan Thananchai , Preuksarattanawut Charasphat , Kobayashi Takaomi , Potiyaraj Pranut
Published: August 2022

pH-sensitive hydrogels prepared by gamma irradiation find promising biological applications, partially, in the field of localized drug liberation. Herein, optimal conditions for fabricating high-molecular-weight chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol hybrid hydrogels using gamma irradiation at 10, 25, and 30 kGy were investigated by studying the water uptake behavior, the pore size on the surface, and thermal stability. Furthermore, the crosslinking mechanism of irradiated hydrogels was examined via solid-state 13C NMR spectrum. The swelling ratio of the gamma-irradiated CS/PVA hydrogel was pH-dependent; particularly, the hybrid hydrogel exhibited high swelling ratios under acidic conditions than those under basic conditions due to the protonation of amino groups on CS-backbone in acidic environments. In addition, amoxicillin was used as a model drug in the in vitro drug release investigations in pH-simulated gastric fluid and deionized water at 37 °C. To identify the drug release mechanism, several kinetic models composing zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson–Crowell, and Korsmeyer–Peppas models were used. The findings suggested that drug release is mediated by a non-Fickian transport mechanism.

Graphical Abstract
Impact of simultaneous treatment of gamma irradiation and Bacillus thuringiensis on cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Sayed Waheed A. A. , Hassan Reda Sayed , Sileem Thanaa Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Background

The two biological control methods, inherited sterility technique (IST) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), are considered as the two promising methods for lepidopteran pest management. Simultaneous treatment with both techniques was assessed against the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) compared to individual treatment for developing the lepidopteran management program.

Results

Pupation and adult emergence were significantly lower in simultaneous treatment than irradiated insects individually. Larval mortality test estimated a LC50 of 1.6 × 104 IU/mg (Bt), in which decreased to 1.5 × 104 IU/mg (Bt and 75 Gy), and 7.7 × 103 IU/mg (Bt and 125 Gy). Insect survival was prolonged for both individual and simultaneous treatments. The ratio of males was 3.5-fold to females in 1.5 × 104 IU/mg and 75 Gy, while threefold of males to females was recorded in the treatments of 3.75 × 103 IU/mg and 75 Gy, 7.5 × 103 IU/mg and 75 Gy, 7.5 × 103 IU/mg and 125 Gy and 1.5 × 104 IU/mg and 125 Gy. Results of fecundity, fertility and sperm transfer of F1 males were significantly lowered in irradiated insect combined with Bt than individual treatment.

Conclusion

Gamma irradiation treatment combined with Bt concentrations achieved a high reduction of S. littoralis, and the toxicity effect of Bt increased as compared with individual treatments taking advantage as compatible control tactics. Simultaneous treatment of IST and Bt could be considered as a competent approach for S. littoralis population suppression.
A Phase I First-in-Human Study of ABBV-383, a B-Cell Maturation Antigen × CD3 Bispecific T-Cell Redirecting Antibody, in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: D'Souza Anita , Shah Nina , Rodriguez Cesar , Voorhees Peter M. , Weisel Katja , Bueno Orlando F. , Pothacamury Rajvineeth K. , Freise Kevin J. , Yue Susan , Ross Jeremy A. , Polepally Akshanth R. , Talati Chetasi , Lee Shane , Jin Ziyi , Buelow Ben , Vij Ravi , Kumar Shaji
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE

ABBV-383, a B-cell maturation antigen × CD3 T-cell engaging bispecific antibody, has demonstrated promising results in an ongoing first-in-human phase I study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03933735 ) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Herein, we report safety and efficacy outcomes of this phase I dose escalation/expansion study.

METHODS

Patients with RRMM (≥ three prior lines including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory drug, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody) were eligible. ABBV-383 was administered intravenously over 1-2 hours once every 3 weeks, without any step dosing. A 3 + 3 design with backfilling for dose escalation was used (intrapatient escalation to highest safe dose permitted) followed by initiation of dose expansion.

RESULTS

As of January 8, 2022, 124 patients (dose escalation [0.025-120 mg], n = 73; dose expansion [60 mg], n = 51) have received ABBV-383; median age was 68 years (range, 35-92 years). The most common hematologic treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were neutropenia (all grades: 37%) and anemia (29%). The most common nonhematologic TEAEs were cytokine release syndrome (57%) and fatigue (30%). Seven deaths from TEAEs were reported with all considered unrelated to study drug by the investigator. For all efficacy-evaluable patients (n = 122; all doses), the objective response rate (ORR) was 57% and very good partial response (VGPR) or better (≥ VGPR) rate was 43%. In the 60 mg dose expansion cohort (n = 49), the ORR and ≥ VGPR rates were 59% and 39%, respectively; and in the ≥ 40 mg dose escalation plus dose expansion cohorts (n = 79) were 68% and 54%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

ABBV-383 in patients with RRMM was well tolerated with an ORR of 68% at doses ≥ 40 mg. This novel therapy's promising preliminary antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients warrants further clinical evaluation.
Sex Differences in In-Hospital Mortality After Open Cardiac Valve Surgery
Authors: Bradley Stephanie , White Robert S. , Jiang Silis Y. , Ma Xiaoyue , Hoyler Marguerite M. , Muehlschlegel Jochen D. , Karamnov Sergey , Tangel Virginia E. , Lanahan Jill , Rong Lisa Qia
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:

Cardiac valvular disease affects millions of people worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Female patients have been shown to experience inferior clinical outcomes after nonvalvular cardiac surgery, but recent data are limited regarding open valve surgical cohorts. The primary objective of our study was to assess whether female sex is associated with increased in-hospital mortality after open cardiac valve operations.

METHODS:

Utilizing the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Databases (SID), we conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent open cardiac valve surgery from 2007 to 2018 in Washington, Maryland, Kentucky, and Florida; from 2007 to 2011 in California; and from 2007 to 2016 in New York. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the confounder-adjusted association between sex and in-hospital mortality (as recorded and coded by SID HCUP) after open cardiac valve surgery. We used multilevel multivariable models to account for potential confounders, including intrahospital practice patterns.

RESULTS:

A total of 272,954 patients (108,443 women; 39.73% of sample population with mean age of 67.6 ± 14.3 years) were included in our analysis. The overall mortality rates were 3.8% for male patients and 5.1% for female patients. The confounder-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for in-hospital mortality for female patients compared to male patients was 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–1.47; P < .001). When stratifying by surgical type, female patients were also at increased odds of in-hospital mortality (P < .001) in populations undergoing aortic valve replacement (adjusted OR [aOR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.25–1.52); multiple valve surgery (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.22–1.57); mitral valve replacement (aOR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12–1.34); and valve surgery with coronary artery bypass grafting (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.54–1.74; all P < .001). Female patients did not have increased odds of in-hospital mortality in populations undergoing mitral valve repair (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.98–1.64; P = .075); aortic valve repair (aOR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.67–1.14; P = .32); or any other single valve repair (aOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.82–1.46; P = .53).

CONCLUSIONS:

We found an association between female patients and increased confounder-adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality after open cardiac valve surgery. More research is needed to better understand and categorize these important outcome differences. Future research should include observational analysis containing granular and complete patient- and surgery-specific data.
role of Vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory skin diseases – atopic dermatitis and psoriasis - literature review
Authors: Baciur Patrycja , Chmura Anna , Skowrońska Katarzyna , Białas Filip , Pondel Kamil
Published: August 2022

Vitamin D is an important substance that has a pleiotropic range of action in the human body. Its important role is to influence the cells of the immune system and regulate the body's inflammatory response. Many physiological processes at the immune level have been discovered to prove this. Vitamin D deficiency is common and results mainly from limited sun exposure at certain latitudes or from insufficient dietary supply. This likely increases the risk of many diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Numerous evidence shows that also in skin diseases such as AD or psoriasis, the level of calcitriol is of great importance, and its supplementation in the prevention and treatment of these diseases promotes frequent remissions and improves the clinical condition of patients. Therapy with high doses of vitamin D analogues can be effective and safe. The exact knowledge of the properties of this vitamin probably allows for its real and effective use in the treatment of skin diseases. However, numerous large-scale studies are still needed to more accurately determine the dosage, effects of this therapy and to use this preparation with certainty and the highest possible effectiveness in everyday medical practice.
Intestinal intussusceptions in children population
Authors: Kopystecka Agnieszka , Kopeć Izabela , Mitek-Palusińska Joanna , Woźniak Magdalena Maria
Published: August 2022

Intussusception is an invagination of a proximal segment of the bowel into an immediately adjacent, distal portion of the bowel. Ileocolic intussusception is one of the most common causes of bowel obstruction in children. The peak incidence occurs in infants between five and seven months of age. The etiology of intussusception in children is typically idiopathic, approximately 5-10% of patients have a pathological lead point. Postoperative intussusception is one of the rare causes of intussusception. Children with ileocolic intussusception often present abdominal pain, palpable mass, rectal bleeding, fussiness, and emesis. The most effective imaging method for the diagnosis of intussusception is ultrasound. The treatment of ileocolic and ileoileal intussusceptions is different, the first type requires invasive treatment.
Canine phaeochromocytoma: diagnosis and surgical management
Authors: Davidson Catherine
Published: August 2022

Although pheochromocytomas are uncommon in dogs, awareness of this type of adrenal tumour is important because of the life-threatening consequences related to their functionality. Pheochromocytomas may periodically produce catecholamines, accounting for many of the intermittent clinical signs seen, the inconsistent nature of which can make pheochromocytomas challenging to diagnose. The treatment of choice is surgical excision and optimal outcome relies on careful perioperative medical management to decrease the anaesthetic risk associated with paroxysmal release of catecholamines during surgical manipulation. Both surgical and anaesthetic management can be extremely challenging in cases of pheochromocytoma. However, in cases in which metastasis has not occurred, good survival times are achievable.
Comparative determination of total antioxidant effects of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus leaves
Authors: YAKUBU OJOCHENEMI EJEH , ABU MichaelMICHAEL SUNDAY , AKIGHIR JOHN , ONUCHE JOB ITANYI , ARABI ALI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Yakubu OE, Abu MS, Akighir J, Onuche JI, Arabi A. 2021. Comparative determination of total antioxidant effects of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus leaves. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 81-85. Some medicinal and therapeutic potency have been reported of Phyllanthus in traditional settings. Hence, the current study evaluated the total antioxidant potential, phenolics, and flavonoids of fractions of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus leave obtained using column chromatography. Extraction was done using absolute ethanol; elution was performed using different organic solvents of varying polarities, from n-Hexane, Chloroform, Ethylacetate, Ethanol, Methanol, and finally, water. The results obtained from the study revealed that fraction 10b (83 mg/mL) has the highest concentration of total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), the next being 1a, 5a, and 11b (48mg/mL). The reduction in the TAC of the fractions was in the order; of 3b>7a>6a>5b>4a> with F7b (13mg/mL) having the lowest TAC. The result for Total phenolic Content (TPC) shows that fraction 10b (430 mg/mL) has the highest concentration of TPC, just like in antioxidant activity, followed by F4b (428 mg/mL). Fraction 2a (9 mg/mL) has the lowest concentration of TPC. Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) showed that fraction 3b (201 mg/mL) has the most concentration of total flavonoids, followed by 4b (120mg/mL). Meanwhile, fractions 1a, 2b, and 9a have the same TFC. While fraction 2a showed the lowest flavonoid concentration (25mg/mL). The plant extract fractions were found to contain more both phenolics and flavonoids, which may have contributed to the antioxidant activity observed.
Effect of palm sap (Arenga pinnata) on blood glucose levels of mice (Mus musculus) alloxan-induced diabetic
Authors: LIPUTO SINDI MARYAM , LAMONDO DJUNA , SOLANG MARGARETHA
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Liputo SM, Lamondo D, Solang M. 2021. Effect of palm sap (Arenga pinnata) on blood glucose levels of mice (Mus musculus) alloxan-induced diabetic. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 20: 11-15. This study aims to determine the effect of palm sap (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) in reducing blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758). Twenty-five mice aged 2-3 months were grouped into a negative control group, a positive control group and a palm sap group (0.2 mL, 0.4 mL, and 0.6 mL). The result showed that the palm sap with a dose of 0.4 mL was the most significant in reducing blood glucose levels. This study concluded that the administration of palm sap affected decreasing blood glucose levels (p <0.05).
Comparative phytochemical analysis of mature mango leaves from nineteen cultivars of Murshidabad district, India
Authors: GHOSH BAISHAKHI , MAJUMDER SOUMYA , ACHARYYA SUKANYA , GHOSH ARINDAM , SAHA SUMEDHA , SARKAR SAHADEB , CHAKRABORTY SOURAV , BHATTACHARYA MALAY
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Ghosh B, Majumder S, Acharyya S, Ghosh A, Saha S, Sarkar S, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya M. 2022. Comparative phytochemical analysis of mature mango leaves from nineteen cultivars of Murshidabad district, India. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 20: 48-55. Mango (Mangifera indica L.), "the king of fruits," is one of the most popular fruits in tropical regions. This research aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively screen major phytochemical groups present in the leaves of nineteen cultivars of mango tree extracted with three different solvents (petroleum benzene, acetone, methanol) belonging to different polarities and to determine their antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria. The antiradical scavenging activity was performed using a DPPH assay. In addition, total phenol and flavonoids in the leaf extracts were also quantitatively analyzed. Phytochemical investigations showed that mango leaf extracts contain phenol, tannin, protein, coumarin, terpenoid, alkaloid, steroid, and cardiac glycoside. The extracts also contain a variety of total phenols and flavonoids. Antiradical scavenging activity showed that polar solvents (methanol, acetone) are more potent than non-polar (petroleum benzene) extracts. Mango leaf extracts inhibit the growth of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus, but no inhibition zone against B. subtilis. Based on the phytochemical compounds and significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties of mango leaf extracts, mango leaves might be a potential source for developing pharmaceutical formulations and drugs.
OS PLANOS TERRITORIAIS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL (PTDS) NO CONTEXTO DA POLÍTICA TERRITORIAL BAIANA: O PROCESSO DE ELABORAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO DOS COLEGIADOS TERRITORIAIS
Authors: Lima de Oliveira Érica
Published: August 2022

A política de planejamento da ação do governo do Estado da Bahia, a partir da gestão petista Jaques Wagner em 2007, adotou os Territórios de Identidade como unidade administrativa e iniciou, como estratégia de implementação dessa política, a constituição de colegiados territoriais.
Fontes para estudo do Colégio Santanópolis em Feira de Santana – 1933-1948: catalogação e digitalização
Authors: Pereira dos Santos Gabriela
Published: August 2022

Consagrado como o primeiro colégio de ensino secundário da região de Feira de Santana, o ―Gymnasio Santanópolis‖ foi uma instituição escolar de referência desde sua fundação na década de 1930, até o ano de 1985.
Da Formação Inicial à Prática Docente: Constituição do professor de Língua Portuguesa
Authors: De Carvalho Correia Juliane
Published: August 2022

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar sobre a formação inicial de professores, através dos atos de currículo praticados pelos professores-formadores, buscando averiguar se os professores egressos qualificam tais atos e se os reproduzem ao desempenhar o ato de ensinar nas escolas.
A trajetória do aluno-trabalhador de turno integral frente aos seus anseios, perspectivas de futuro e condições de permanência na Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana
Authors: Costa Nascimento Milena
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar análises do perfil socioeconômica e sociocultural do estudante trabalhador, a partir da aplicação de questionários a estudantes na Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Buscou-se analisar e discutir as maneiras pelas quais eles vêm construindo seu percurso na universidade e projetos de vida, a partir das novas configurações assumidas pelo trabalho na atual conjuntura.
One-step Bilateral Reverse Shoulder Replacement for Posterior Fracture-dislocation in a Young Alcoholic
Authors: Vitali Matteo , Bettinelli Giulia , Montalbano Filippo , Salini Vincenzo
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Bilateral posterior fracture-dislocations of the shoulders occur quite rarely. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case happening to a young man subjected with bilateral reverse shoulder replacement surgery in a one-step procedure. Case Report: The authors present the case of a Caucasian, 49, alcoholic, male affected by bilateral proximal humeral fracture with posterior dislocation, provoked by an epileptic seizure, and admitted to our hospital. The patient underwent one-step bilateral reverse total shoulder replacement surgery, due the comminution of the fracture and osteopenic pattern. He carried bilateral slings for 1 month after surgery, and after the post-operative radiological evaluation at 1 month, he started with progressive active physiotherapy. Conclusion: Opting for a total replacement instead of osteosynthesis is a valuable option in patients presenting with dislocation-comminuted fractures and alcohol intake induced osteoporosis, even if young.
Mutation detection dual correlation filter with an object-awareness module for real-time target tracking
Authors: Cao Baiheng , Wu Xuedong , Wang Yaonan , Zhu Zhiyu , Ge Huilin , Liu Runbang , Liang Mengquan
Published: August 2022

Discriminative correlation filter (DCF) based methods have recently been widely used for visual tracking tasks. The adaptive spatiotemporal-regulation based tracker (AutoTrack) can only partially solve some limitations of the DCF framework including filter degradation and the boundary effect, but its application scenarios need to be broadened, and performance improvements are also required. To further surmount these difficulties, this paper provides an object-awareness-module based mutation detection dual correlation filter (MDDCF-OAM). The main innovation points of this work are: (1) an object-mask based context enhancer is proposed to formulate a more robust appearance model; (2) a dual filter training–learning structure is adopted to allow the dual filters to restrict each other and suppress the filter degradation effect; (3) a Gaussian label map is updated with the refined joint response map to detect and attenuate the response mutation effects. Exhaustive experiments have been conducted to test the efficiency of the suggested MDDCF-OAM on four benchmarks, namely, OTB2015, UAV123, TC128, and VOT2019. The results indicate that: (1) the introduced MDDCF-OAM surpasses nine state-of-the-art trackers; (2) the MDDCF-OAM has a real-time speed of 32 frames per second, which is sufficient for target tracking tasks in numerous scenarios, especially unmanned aerial vehicles and camera tracking.
Blue and red upconversion color tuning of Tm3+ via pulse excitation based on the thermal effect
Authors: Zhu Yin , Xu Li , Li Boyang , Wang Yifu , Li Dongyu , Ren Jing , Jiang Haili , Liu Lu , Jiang Fuqiang , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: August 2022

Color-tunable upconversion luminescence has wide prospects for anti-counterfeiting and disease diagnosis/treatment. To date, achieving high-quality tunable red and blue emissions using a single excitation wavelength remains a formidable challenge, due to the large energy difference between the red and blue photons. In this Letter, based on Tm3+ upconversion luminescence, blue dominant and red dominant emissions are generated upon 980-nm excitations using a short and long pulse, respectively. The corresponding color tuning mechanisms are investigated based on the spectral observations. The proposed color tuning strategy is particularly useful for in vivo applications as the red and blue lights play important roles in biological imaging and drug release, respectively.
Defect-assisted, spray-printed colloidal quantum dot microlasers for biosensing
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wan Lei , Wei Yiqiu , Jia Shiqi , Gao Shechang , Feng Tianhua , Liu Weiping , Li Zhaohui
Published: August 2022

This study successfully implements spectrally distinguishable CdSe-ZnS core–shell colloidal quantum dot (CQD) microlasers by a simple, efficient spray printing technique and demonstrates its potential in biosensing. We have systematically characterized the optical properties of printed microring lasers with diameters less than 60 µm. The smallest structure that can be excited has a diameter as small as 30 µm, which is much smaller than the counterparts prepared by piezoelectric ink-jet printing. The detection sensitivity of 4.54 nm/min/refractive index unit is verified in glucose sensing using a printed CQD microlaser. Biosensing of diverse glucose and bovine serum albumin solutions using printed microlasers with the assistance of defects demonstrates a new, to the best of our knowledge, prototype for the development of high-performance, low-cost on-chip microcavity sensors.
Trapping wide-angle circularly polarized waves with giant circular dichroism using a single-channel coherent perfect graphene meta-surface absorber
Authors: Zhu Junbao , Yang Rui
Published: August 2022

We propose a single-channel coherent perfect graphene meta-surface absorber to trap circularly polarized (CP) waves perfectly through cascading a polarization converting meta-array and a monolayer graphene sheet. To be more specific, the incident CP waves will be reflected into dual sets of orthogonally linearly polarized (LP) waves, where each group of the same polarized reflecting components can achieve identical amplitudes and a 180° phase difference at a certain frequency to have coherent absorption. In particular, we show that such a single-channel coherent perfect graphene meta-surface absorber possesses the merits of the wide-angular chiral absorbing capacity of CP waves with giant circular dichroism, thus should pave the way for building up more advanced coherent absorbers and offer more freedom to manipulate CP waves.
Highly specific and sensitive detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei genomic DNA by CRISPR-Cas12a
Authors: Wongpalee Somsakul Pop , Thananchai Hathairat , Chewapreecha Claire , Roslund Henrik B. , Chomkatekaew Chalita , Tananupak Warunya , Boonklang Phumrapee , Pakdeerat Sukritpong , Seng Rathanin , Chantratita Narisara , Takarn Piyawan , Khamnoi Phadungkiat
Published: August 2022

Detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei, a causative bacterium for melioidosis, remains a challenging undertaking due to long assay time, laboratory requirements, and the lack of specificity and sensitivity of many current assays. In this study, we are presenting a novel method that circumvents those issues by utilizing CRISPR-Cas12a coupled with isothermal amplification to identify B. pseudomallei DNA from clinical isolates. Through in silico search for conserved CRISPR-Cas12a target sites, we engineered the CRISPR-Cas12a to contain a highly specific spacer to B. pseudomallei, named crBP34. The crBP34-based detection assay can detect as few as 40 copies of B. pseudomallei genomic DNA while discriminating against other tested common pathogens. When coupled with a lateral flow dipstick, the assay readout can be simply performed without the loss of sensitivity and does not require expensive equipment. This crBP34-based detection assay provides high sensitivity, specificity and simple detection method for B. pseudomallei DNA. Direct use of this assay on clinical samples may require further optimization as these samples are complexed with high level of human DNA.
The elimination of trachoma as a public health problem in Mexico: From national health priority to national success story
Authors: Quesada-Cubo Víctor , Damián-González Dey Carol , Prado-Velasco Francisco Gibert , Fernández-Santos Nadia Angélica , Sánchez-Tejeda Gustavo , Correa-Morales Fabián , Domínguez-Zárate Hermilo , García-Orozco Abel , Saboyá-Díaz Martha Idalí , Sánchez-Martín María Jesús
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Mexico was the first country in the Americas and the third in the world to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem, as validated by the WHO in 2017.

Objective

To describe the critical elements that favored the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem in Mexico and the public health impact of this success.

Methodology

A revision and compilation of data and information contained in the dossier presented by the country to PAHO/WHO to obtain the validation of trachoma elimination as a public health problem was conducted by a group of delegates from the national and local trachoma prevention and control program. Data from the national and local surveillance systems and reports of actions conducted after achieving the elimination goal were also included. Critical elements that favored the achievement of the elimination goal from 1896 to 2019 were extracted.

Results

Mexico reached the elimination of trachoma in 2016 obtaining the validation in 2017. 264 communities were no longer endemic and 151,744 people were no longer at risk of visual impairment or possible blindness due to trachoma. The key to the success of this elimination process was primarily the local leadership of health authorities with sustained funding for brigades, increased access to potable water and sanitation, and key alliances with indigenous authorities, health authorities, and government institutions that contributed to the achievement of the goal. The SAFE strategy started implementation in Mexico in 2004 as a comprehensive package of interventions. SAFE stands for surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and improvement of the environmental conditions. These actions impacted drastically on the number of new cases trachmatous trichiasis (TT) and trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF), which decreased from 1,794 in 2004 to zero in 2016.

Conclusions

The elimination of trachoma as a public health problem in Mexico is a true success story that may serve as a model example for the elimination of other neglected infectious diseases in the Americas.
Ranking influential nodes in complex networks with community structure
Authors: Rajeh Stephany , Cherifi Hocine
Published: August 2022

Quantifying a node’s importance is decisive for developing efficient strategies to curb or accelerate any spreading phenomena. Centrality measures are well-known methods used to quantify the influence of nodes by extracting information from the network’s structure. The pitfall of these measures is to pinpoint nodes located in the vicinity of each other, saturating their shared zone of influence. In this paper, we propose a ranking strategy exploiting the ubiquity of the community structure in real-world networks. The proposed community-aware ranking strategy naturally selects a set of distant spreaders with the most significant influence in the networks. One can use it with any centrality measure. We investigate its effectiveness using real-world and synthetic networks with controlled parameters in a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) diffusion model scenario. Experimental results indicate the superiority of the proposed ranking strategy over all its counterparts agnostic about the community structure. Additionally, results show that it performs better in networks with a strong community structure and a high number of communities of heterogeneous sizes.
AIELSON: A neural spoken-word poetry generator with a distinct South American voice
Authors: Torres Núñez del Prado Paola
Published: August 2022

Human–computer interaction will soon be framed as a dialogue in-between two agents, rather than the imposition of the needs and desires of the human entity over the inert machine. As the latter become seemingly more intelligent, we will witness how they reshape art, knowledge and society in general even more in the not-so-distant future. In this framework, decolonization of their algorithms becomes imperative so as not to reproduce the ethnic and cultural biases that prevail in contemporary human society. By using a pre-trained transformer-based language model (GPT-2) (), retrained with poetry in Spanish, fine-tuned on examples of South American poetry recited by two different text-to-speech synthesis systems – the Tacotron 2 () + Waveglow (Prenger et al. 2018) – coupled posteriorly using the ESPnet-TTS toolkit (), trained on an Argentinean voice dataset fine-tuned on voice snippets of Peruvian poet Jorge Eduardo Eielson, I came up with a selection of spoken-word poems in a distinctly Latin American voice that ended up presented as the El Tiempo del Hombre (‘The Time of Man’) album, printed on a set of four 7-inch lathe-cut stereo vinyl discs. This process turns into a self-reflecting gesture when the dataset used for training is based on South American Artistic Traditions of both the present and the past.
Evaluation of the association between electrocardiogram parameters and left cardiac remodeling in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Ogawa Mizuki , Ogi Haruka , Miyakawa Hirosumi , Hsu Huai-Hsun , Miyagawa Yuichi , Takemura Naoyuki
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim: Electrocardiography (ECG) is an adjunct for cardiac enlargement diagnosis. However, its efficacy in assessing left cardiac remodeling (left atrial and left ventricular enlargement) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between ECG parameters and left cardiac remodeling and to investigate whether the rate of change in ECG waveforms in the same individual reflected left cardiac remodeling in dogs with MMVD. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 20 healthy dogs and 140 dogs with MMVD. Data on clinical variables were obtained through physical examination, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography. The ECG parameters were the P-wave duration, PR interval, QRS complex duration, P-wave amplitude, R-wave amplitude, and mean electrical axis. Dogs with examination data that could be obtained multiple times during the study period were classified into the non-progressive and progressive groups. Results: Only the P-wave and QRS complex durations were selected as significant variables associated with imaging test parameters (p < 0.05); they had a relatively higher discriminatory ability for the left cardiac remodeling than other ECG parameters. The rates of change in the PR interval and R-wave amplitude were significantly higher in the progressive group than in the non-progressive group. Conclusion: In dogs with MMVD, the P-wave and QRS complex durations were significantly correlated with the left cardiac remodeling indicators. Furthermore, an increased rate of change in the PR interval and R-wave amplitude in the same individual may indicate left cardiac remodeling.