bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of problem based learning assisted by cabri 3D on student’s mathematical communication writing and drawing skills
Authors: Apriatna E J , Budiyono  , Indriati D
Published: July 2020

This study aims to describe: (1) the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by Cabri 3D on student’s mathematical communication writing skills and student’s mathematical communication drawing skills; and (2) comparison of effectiveness between PBL models assisted by Cabri 3D and conventional learning on student’s mathematical communication writing skills and student’s mathematical communication drawing skills. This research is a quasi experiment. The data was collected through tests of student’s mathematical communication writing skills and student’s mathematical communication drawing skills. The data was analyzed descriptively and statistically. The data is displayed based on average and standard deviation as a descriptively. The statistical test is used to the proportion’s test of one population and the proportion’s test of two populations. The results of the study is the 5% significance level, it can be concluded that (1) PBL models assisted by Cabri 3D effective on student’s mathematical communication writing skills and student’s mathematical communication drawing skills; and (2) PBL models assisted by Cabri 3D are more effective than conventional learning models on student’s mathematical communication writing skills and student’s mathematical communication drawing skills.
Compliance Adjustment of a Gripper System Designed for the Seizing of Objects of Modifiable Consistency
Authors: Deaconescu Andrea , Deaconescu Tudor
Published: July 2020

The necessity of seizing objects of unknown forms and/or consistency entails conceiving gripper systems whose design and control strategies are oriented towards the capacity of safe physical handling. This could be achieved by the utilisation of a linear pneumatic muscle benefitting from an inherently compliant behaviour. The paper presents and discusses such a soft gripper system. A gripper system of this type does not require the presence of sensors or complex controllers, as it is the mechanical system itself that provides the required adaptive behaviour. The compliance of the entire system is achieved by modifying air pressure in the pneumatic muscle within a closed loop, thus ensuring the safe gripping of deformable objects.
Power Flow Analysis Based on the Secant Method in the Environment of the Offshore Wind Farm
Authors: Huang Chiwei , Lu Ruixiong , Hsu Weitai
Published: July 2020

China’s current exploration of the development for the offshore wind resources is three times than for the onshore wind resources. The development and utilization of offshore wind resources have a broad prospect. In this study, a set of simplified asynchronous generators equivalent to a steady-state model applied in bus test systems is established according to the characteristics of offshore wind turbines. The calculation of the Newton-Raphson method in power flow analysis is relatively large to avoid the occurrence of a Jacobian matrix and reduce the calculation time. In this particular use of the idea of the secant method, the differential equation into the algebraic equation significantly reduced the amount of calculation but also overcame the Newton-Raphson method of sensitivity to the initial value problems. The solution of the equation is simplified, and the purpose of solving the equation is achieved more accurately, while the computation time is similar to the PQ decoupling analysis method.
Optimum Design and Control of Marine Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Liu Zhong-Shu , Wang Xue-Feng , Feng Xiao
Published: July 2020

Marine electric propulsion has the advantages of wide range of speed regulation, easy installation and flexible operation’ so it is a high performance propulsion and superior in many respects compared with mechanical propulsion. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has a series of advantages such as fast response speed, strong overload capacity, high power density and high efficiency, so it is very suitable for marine propulsion system. In this paper, a kind of marine permanent magnet synchronous motor was optimized by using Maxwell software. At the same time, the direct torque control technology was simulated by using mathematical modelling. Direct torque control (DTC) is a high performance AC speed regulation technology. As long as the appropriate voltage vector is selected, the system can be controlled to quickly follow the given speed and adapt to the change of torque. The simulation results show the good performance for the marine permanent magnet synchronous motor in this paper so that it can fully meet the requirements in both speed characteristics and torque characteristics.
Adopting a Single Inertial Sensor and Designed Motion to Classify Brunnstrom Stages for Lower Extremities on Post-stroke Patients
Authors: Han Shao-Li , Li Hsin-Ta , Chang Hsien-Po , Pan Min-Chun
Published: July 2020

The use of inertial measurement units associated with various algorithms has been proposed and developed to evaluate functional abilities and kinematics for stroke patients. In previous research, complex mathematical models were adopted successfully to clarify and to validate the functional results from different sensors. However, only a few algorithms stemmed from the process of motor recovery after a stroke or the way to administer clinical assessment scales. Based on the recovery process or how to conduct the assessment scales, the algorithmsensor based module is supposed to accurately classify clinical motor recovery status and to provide additional kinematics in stroke survivors. In this study, only one sensor is affixed on the dorsum of the affected foot to reduce the burden on a weak extremity. A special movement while in seated, extend their knee and then dorsiflex their feet, based on the motor recovery process after stroke is proposed and tested to classify Brunnstrom stages for lower extremities. After analyzing 24 participants and adopting suitable threshold values for different Brunnstrom stages, the overall accuracy is 86.8%. The ability to distinguish Brunnstrom stage II from others can even reach a 100% accuracy. The accuracies for distinguishing Brunnstrom stage III, stage IV, and stage V are 86.6%, 94 %, and 92.8%, respectively. We also analyze these misclassified data and investigate why the errors occurred. The results reveal the feasibility of the kinematics-based algorithm even using a single sensor.
Fe3O4/bioactive glass nanostructure: a promising therapeutic platform for osteosarcoma treatment
Authors: Sabouri Z , Labbaf S , Karimzadeh F , Baharlou-Houreh A , McFarlane T V , Esfahani M H Nasr
Published: July 2020

An effective strategy of hyperthermia-chemotherapy-regeneration for bone-related cancer treatment is presented. For this purpose, a new approach of magnetic particles (MPs) encapsulated in bioactive glass (BG) structure, with anti-cancer activity, is evaluated. MPs are initially synthesized using a co-precipitation method and then embedded into BG structure through a sol–gel synthesis process. Results confirmed the formation of a crystalline and pure MP structure. MP-BG particles were found to be bioactive by forming a hydroxyapatite layer on their surface. The hyperthermia application of a MP-BG system was also studied. It was found that the particles reach a temperature of 42 °C in an alternating magnetic field. Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used anticancer drug, was loaded in MP-BG. To enhance the loading efficiency, the BG was surface modified to create NH2 groups on the surface. The encapsulation and release of DOX was studied over 48 h. In vitro tests were performed using human osteosarcoma cell line (MG63). The results demonstrated the non-cytotoxic nature of MP and MP-BG tested at various concentrations. DOX release from MP-BG resulted in decreased MG63 viability. Also, fluorescence microscopy visualization confirmed the intracellular uptake of MP-BG particles and the release of DOX. These results indicate that our suggested strategy of combined hyperthermia-chemotherapy-regeneration using MP-BG structure represents a powerful approach in cancer treatment and tissue regeneration.
European multidecadal solar variability badly captured in all centennial reanalyses except CERA20C
Authors: Wohland Jan , Brayshaw David , Bloomfield Hannah , Wild Martin
Published: July 2020

Long-term historic climate datasets are valuable tools to investigate climate variability, validate climate models and contextualize anticipated climate change. Surface solar radiation is one particularly relevant variable, with implications on policy decisions (e.g. performance of solar panels) and fundamental questions in climate science (e.g. regarding the energy budget). While all current twentieth century reanalyses provide surface solar radiation, we demonstrate that most of them fail to capture multidecadal surface radiation variability in Europe. To this end, we systematically compare the reanalyses 20CRv2c, 20CRv3, ERA20C and CERA20C and the free model run ERA20CM. We show that only CERA20C captures dimming (1949–1979) and brightening (1979–2009) in line with station observations, satellite-era reanalyses and established theory. The lack of multidecadal surface radiation variability in 20CRv2c/v3 is plausible given the use of constant aerosols. In contrast, ERA20CM, ERA20C and CERA20C are forced with time-varying aerosols. Despite this common forcing, ERA20CM and ERA20C surprisingly show no trends in clear-sky fluxes over the dimming and brightening periods while CERA20C shows significant trends. We discuss different potential explanations for this discrepancy (model versions, ocean coupling and ensemble size) and conclude that none of them provides a convincing explanation. Our results therefore imply that only CERA20C is suitable for assessments of surface solar radiation variability on multi-decadal timescales. This particularly applies to impact studies, for example, on long-term potentials of solar power generation.
Real-time breath analysis of exhaled compounds upon peppermint oil ingestion by secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry: technical aspects
Authors: Gisler Amanda , Lan Jiayi , Singh Kapil Dev , Usemann Jakob , Frey Urs , Zenobi Renato , Sinues Pablo
Published: July 2020

Breath analysis by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) has potential for clinical diagnosis and drug monitoring. However, there is still a lack of benchmarking data that shows the capability of this technique and allows comparability with other breath analysis techniques. In this regard, the goal of this study was the identification of volatile compounds upon ingestion of a specific peppermint oil capsule to get benchmark data for real-time breath analysis with SESI-HRMS. This was done in the framework of a consortium set up by the International Association of Breath Research (IABR), aimed at comparing several analytical instruments for breath analysis.

Breath temporal profiles of two subjects were analyzed with SESI-HRMS before and after ingestion of a peppermint oil capsule. The measurements were performed at two different locations using identical SESI-HRMS platforms to allow for comparability and benchmarking. Remarkably, along with the four major compounds (monoterpenes/cineole, menthone, menthofuran and menthol) reported by other members of the consortium, we detected 57 additional features significantly associated (ρ > 0.8) with the peppermint oil capsule, suggesting that this relatively simple intervention might trigger a more complex metabolic cascade than initially expected. This observation was made on both sites. Additional replicate experiments for one of the subjects suggested that a core of 35–40 unique molecules are consistently detected in exhaled breath upon ingestion of the capsule. In addition, we illustrate the analytical capabilities of real-time SESI-HRMS/MS to assist in the identification of unknown compounds. The results outlined herein showcase the performance of SESI-HRMS and enable comparison with other breath analysis techniques. Along with that, they strengthen the potential of this analytical technique for non-invasive drug monitoring and clinical diagnostic purposes.
Microstructure of Ettringite Binder Exposed to Natural Carbonation
Authors: Lam N N
Published: July 2020

Ettringite binder which composes of Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC), Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), and Calcium Sulfate (Anhydrite - CaSO4 or Hemihydrate -CaSO4.0.5H2O or Gypsum - CaSO4.2H2O) is one of the recent cementitious materials The main advantage of this type of binder is the rapid hydration that leads to extremely rapid development of mechanical strength. This feature is obtained by the production of large amount of early ettringite during the hydration process. In this research work, the carbonation process of ettringite phases is analysed and discussed by means of infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. The goal of this work was to study the evolution of developed carbonated phases due to the action of CO2 over the AFt phases developed in the CAC/PC/CaSO4 system. After 1 year, the total carbonation depth of the samples stored outdoors is approximately 4 mm and there is no carbonation for the samples stored in endogenous condition. The carbonation process of ettringite gives gypsum, calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide. These phases are detected by both X-ray diffraction and Infrared spectroscopy method.
Analysis of Natural Lighting and Energy Conservation of a University Teaching Building Based on BIM Technology
Authors: Liu Fei , Xiao Xiong , Liu Menglin , Zeng Huilin , Zhang Lili
Published: July 2020

This paper first collected the design drawings of the second teaching building of the College of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Sichuan Agricultural University, and used Ecotect Analysis software to conduct 1:1 model of the standard floor of the building. The standard layer light environment is analysed from the aspect of natural lighting. According to the simulation analysis results, the window to ground ratio (independent variable) is raised by layers to increase the area of natural lighting. The overall lighting design of the building before and after optimization was compared, and two Chinese national standards, Standard for Daylighting Design of Buildings and Assessment Standard for Green Building, were used to evaluate the lighting capacity of the building through natural lighting coefficient (dependent variable). The analysis indicates that the building meets the requirements of green design. At the same time, it was found that with the increase of the ratio of window to ground, the average value of the lighting coefficient increased steadily, and the area percentage of the lighting coefficient ≥3.6% also increased, but the increase gradually decreased and tended to be stable.
Impacts of Roof-top Solar Photovoltaic Modules on Building Energy Performance: Case Study of a Residence in HCM City, Vietnam
Authors: Dang H.A. , Nguyen T.K.
Published: July 2020

Vietnam is considered a country with high solar potential and solar irradiation is comparable to most countries in the region. However, high density solar project in areas causes overload state of transmission grid system and some plants wouldn’t operate at full design capacity. Therefore, roof-top solar PV projects in provinces and cities, which have large potential of solar irradiation, are promoted to reduce pressure on power supply. Besides, rooftop solar would be also affordable for home and business owners and communities by helping households halve electricity bills and gain energy efficiency. In this paper, we investigate case study of a residential building in HCM city, Vietnam for analysing impacts of roof-top solar photovoltaic modules on energy performance. The results showed not only the potential photovoltaic power, but also the reduction of roof heat transfer. In consequence, the building cooling load and total energy consumption are significantly reduced thanks to Roof-top PV installation. On the other hand, the reduction of solar incident on the building roof keeps cooling roof surface (outer and inner) and improves thermal comfort of attic space. Our research objective is to quantify indirect benefit of Roof-top PV on energy efficiency and to provide ideas for further researches.
Greening Houses in the Age of Climate Change
Authors: Tan Hoi Huynh , Tan Danh Nguyen
Published: July 2020

Currently, the atmosphere of some major cities of Vietnam is quite polluted. Once the air protection is improved, the quality of life is also positively changed. In order to have a fresh air environment, the first thing is to increase the absorption of emissions through increasing the green area. However, big cities do not have enough land to grow trees, so planting solutions on the roof or on the wall is the most appropriate choice. Many green buildings in the world are considered as environmentally friendly buildings and create a cool feeling between the summer days of tropical countries. This paper aims to confirm the role of trees in protecting and improving the environment. The mentioned solutions aim to further enhance the importance of nature for the densely populated and polluted areas.
Optimization of Irrigation Design Technique for Pumping Units through Software Simulation Analysis for Varied Landscapes
Authors: Mukherjee P , Das M , Mukherjee B , Das S
Published: July 2020

This investigation will contribute in the evaluation of pump duty parameters required to design a system comprising of underground pop-up type sprinklers for irrigating turf grass lawn for a proposed site. The study specifically describes the design techniques of irrigation pipeline network of varied zones of landscape areas distant apart operating with minimum pumping units. The entire landscape area is designed with underground pop-up type sprinklers with proper selection spacing over the lawn. A method is proposed comprising of sprinklers, pipes diameters using pipe network simulating software where energy cost can be reduced. The study shows techniques on proper pump selection for landscaping. The labor cost, energy usage and water wastage has been tremendously reduced and optimized. Observations reveal varied pump parameters in that system for varied zones. This method reduces the various pumping units sectioning zones which can satisfy the maximum duty parameters of a single centrifugal pump of the landscape. This manuscript further elaborates on the practical aspects for the design of an efficient system.
Biorefining of Waste Coffee Grounds: Turning an Environmental Problem into an Opportunity
Authors: El Hajjaji Samir , Bouladab Chaima , Chergaoui Sara , Fadli Soukaina
Published: July 2020

The work presented herein proposes to turn the growing environmental threat posed by coffee waste disposal into an opportunity by proposing a number of valorization routes of waste coffee grounds (WCG) through biorefining. In this process, various steps were studied: drying of WCG on small and medium scales, coffee oil extraction from small to large scale, conversion of coffee oil into biodiesel, and suggestions of designs for the recycling of de-oiled WCG into briquettes. Drying was found to be best performed using an elevated hot air tunnel rather an electric pan or a motorized stirrer. Solvent extraction of coffee oil from dried WCG on a 2000 g scale afforded a 9.2 wt% yield and a solvent recovery yield of 94 vol%. This oil was successfully converted into fatty acid methyl esters biodiesel with a 58% yield. Several original and cost-effective designs were tested, some of which being readily reproducible in most laboratory settings.
Towards Environmental Sustainability: Beliefs and Livelihood Practices of Tagbanuas in Buong Narra Palawan, Philippines
Authors: Acero L
Published: July 2020

Tribes in upland areas serve as environmental stewards of their ancestral domains. The Tagbanuas in Buong Narra Palawan belong to the group of Tagbanuas, inhabiting the central areas in the province of Palawan Philippines. They practice their own culture, and beliefs in their livelihood. This study determine the profile of Tagbanua in terms of; origin and history; physical characteristics and political system. Their beliefs, rituals and agricultural practices that is geared towards environmental sustainability was also evaluated. Descriptive research methods using documentary analysis, observation, community immersion and video interview was employed. Results of the study showed that the Tagbanuas in Buong Narra Palawan strongly believed on the influenced of deities in their livelihood practices. Their means of safeguarding their environment is implied in their day to day activities as; rituals (pagdiwata, runsai, pagbubuwis, paglalambay); performed for good harvest. It also practiced to free from epidemic like cholera, dysentery and flu. The practice rituals in their swidden farm, honey and rattan gathering is also an implication of protecting their environment.
Impacts of Urbanization on the Environment of Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Tan Hoi Huynh
Published: July 2020

Urbanization has created a premise for industrialization and this process has accelerated urbanization at a faster pace. The fact that the reverse of industrialization along with the urbanization’s downside creates challenges that is not easily overcome. Urbanization in Ho Chi Minh City seems to be faster than the industrialization process and has two-sided effects on socio-economic development. And what makes many people worried is its impact on the environment, the air quality, the water that used to be very fresh. The article focuses on the development of the city and some of its implications, from which to give a few suitable suggestions.
Conceptual Design of a Simple Earthflow Detector for Resident Disaster Prevention
Authors: Chao Fang-Lin , Liu Tzu-Heng , Chou Wen-Chih , Wu Tien-Cheng
Published: July 2020

The earthflow disaster is massive in scale and fast, causing damage to mountain towns and traffic. Field observation instruments developed for the earthflow warning, such as wire rope stress detection, ground sound sensing, and detection of relative motion. Evacuate residents of dangerous areas through broadcast systems and disaster prevention personnel. Residents have no direct access to relevant information, and information lags and incompleteness reduces trust. The design of the simple detector detects the movement of the soil layer with a tilted, areal breakpoint measurement. Cooperate with global data APP to improve the performance of early warning. The inexpensive sensors included positioners, inclinometers, and soil moisture detectors. Combine these data provided a suitable local response and become a medium for self-help and mutual help. The unmanned aerial vehicle take pictures along the preset specific path when triggered providing the first-hand disaster data.
Process Efficiency and Energy Consumption During the Extrusion of Lignocellulosic Materials
Authors: Kupryaniuk K , Oniszczuk T , Combrzyński M , Dach J , Czekała W
Published: July 2020

Lignocellulosic raw material is the main substrate used in agricultural biogas plants. They become usable after proper preliminary treatment, part of which is the extrusion-cooking process. The aim of this work was to determine the efficiency and energy intensity of the process of extrusion-cooking of lignocellulosic materials under varied barothermal treatment conditions. Generally available vegetable raw materials were used for the study: maize bran, maize straw, lignified grass hay, and wheat straw. The extrusion-cooking process was performed with the TS-40 single-screw extruder by Metalchem Gliwice equipped with a plasticizing system of L/D = 12. Four levels of moistening were applied for raw material mixes (20, 25, 30 and 35% of dry matter) and three rotational speeds for the extruder screw (70, 90 and 110 rpm). The level of moistening of the raw material and changes to the extruder screw speed had an appreciable impact on the course of raw material processing. The top process efficiency was recorded for maize bran (50.40 kg h−1) treated at the extruder screw speed of 110 rpm and 30% of the level of moisture, and the lowest (11.22 kg h−1) for grass hay with 20% of the level of moisture and the extruder speed of 70 rpm. The lowest energy intensity indicator (0.093 kWh kg−1) was reported for maize bran processed at the screw speed of 70 rpm and a moisture content of 30%. The highest energy intensity indicator of the extrusion-cooking process, i.e. 0.37 kWh kg−1, was seen in maize straw and wheat straw at a moisture content of 20% and the screw speed of 110 rpm.
A Numerical Simulation-Based Analysis of Heat Transfer Performance for Underground U-Type Heat Exchanger in the Scope of KC05.21/16-20 Project
Authors: Van Hien Ngo , Minh Hoan Trinh , Hiep Le Kieu , Hung Vu Quyet , Gia Diem Pham
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a ground heat source cooling system based on a novel underground heat exchanger is proposed for cooling of a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in the scope of KC05.21/16-20 project entitled “Research, design and manufacture geothermal cooling systems for Base Transceiver Station”. Compared to traditional underground heat exchanger, the perforated borehole tube is used to improve the heat transfer efficiency by favorizing the interaction between ground water flow and hot water flow in U-type tube. Since the heat transfer from the cooling water and the infinity soil, which is impacted by the soil structure and the groundwater accumulated in the void space, is complicated, the analytical computation is not suitable. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of underground U-type heat exchanger was developed to benchmarking the heat transfer efficiency. The influence of flow configurations and of U-type tube length on the heat load and overall thermal resistance were investigated.
Motivations, Enabling Factors and Barriers to the Energy Transition in Indonesia and Vietnam
Authors: Ialnazov D. , Keeley A.
Published: July 2020

The main goal of this paper is to contribute to a rapidly growing literature on the motivations, enabling factors and barriers to the energy transition in developing countries. We develop and compare the case studies of two developing countries – Indonesia and Vietnam – based on primary data obtained from questionnaires and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders during field surveys in 2015-2018. The main reason for the selection of these countries is the relative similarity of their energy transition paths. Although both Indonesia and Vietnam have made efforts to increase the share of renewable energy in their energy mix, the results so far have not been very encouraging. In particular, the share of energy from intermittent renewable sources such as wind and solar is still rather small. Our findings confirm the existing literature’s insights about the motivations, the enabling factors and the barriers to the shift to renewables but offer much deeper understanding of some specific enabling factors and barriers. In particular, we elucidate in more depth the concerns of both developing country policymakers and private investors.
Solution to Handle Missing Data in Create Typical Load Graph
Authors: Lam Le Hong , Huu Hieu Nguyen , Minh Khoa Ngo , Thanh Minh Nguyen , Tan Vinh Tran
Published: July 2020

Today, the development of the demand is very fast, so the management of demand and the planning of purchasing power is a challenge for Electricity companies. Moreover, the continuous data collection is very difficult especially for Vietnam since the types of measuring equipment are too old or not enough budget to mass equip. Therefore, the paper analyses data processing methods to develop a tool to build typical load graphs for distribution grids corresponding to different load components in order to optimize the distribution grid. The calculation tool is integrated with the proposed algorithm and built-in Matlab and applied to the actual power grid in Thua Thien Hue province for various load components.
Methodology for Wastewater Discharge Modeling – Application to Danang Bay, Vietnam
Authors: Quy An Nguyen Phuoc , Gourbesville Philippe , Audra Philippe , Duong Vo Ngoc , Ngoc Khoi Vo Diep
Published: July 2020

The water quality of Danang Bay is one of the major issues on the coast of Danang City. The discharge will be inserted into this study domain through the outlet of the Phu Loc Channel. Mike 21 FM Hydrodynamics module coupled to a water quality model using Mike 21 FM ECOLab module is applied to simulate the water quality and to identify the spreading of NH4
+, which is used as a pollutant tracer. Currently, the outlet of Phu Loc channel has a flow-directed wall which leads the water toward the centre of Danang city. As a result, the study suggests three scenarios of wastewater management from the outlet of Phu Loc channel. The first scenario is that the wastewater will discharge along with the current flow-directed wall. Second, the flow-directed wall will be reconstructed toward the reverse direction compared to the current direction. Third, the current flow-directed wall will be destroyed. Out of three proposed scenarios, the first one generates the longest polluted area toward the centre of the city, along the Danang Bay. Consequently, the current flow-directed wall is not the best way to discharge the wastewater of Phu Loc Channel. The finding of this research demonstrates that the best way to discharge the wastewater from Phu Loc channel would be a flow-directed wall reconstructed toward the reverse direction.
The Impacts of Consumer Rights Enthusiasm on Innovative Food Packaging Management
Authors: Chen P Y , Chen S H
Published: July 2020

An urge for food packaging container safety and environmental protection has driven consumer rights enthusiasm towards an energetic and positive sense of innovative consumption consciousness. In this study, Taiwanese consumers were taken as the research objects, consumer rights enthusiasm as the independent variable, a desire for environmental protection and safety management in food packaging containers as the intermediate variable, and innovative consumption consciousness as the variable, to explore the strength of consumer rights enthusiasm on the safety and environmental protection in food packaging containers, and the impacts of its eagerness in innovative consumption consciousness of packaging containers. An empirical analysis was conducted to verify the results, and the study found that the stronger the consumer rights enthusiasm, the higher the desire for environmental protection and safety management in food packaging containers is. Also, the stronger the desire for environmental protection and safety management in food packaging containers, the higher the innovative consumption consciousness is.
The effect of the traffic noise on the environment comfort in the cities - Case study: Karada city in Baghdad
Authors: Mesrop Seda Sarkis , Rasheed Hameed Laith , Jaber Al-Bakry Hiyam Majeed
Published: July 2020

The noise pollution in the cities has become of great concern all over the World. This research deals with evaluating the noise levels that was carried out in the study area streets (Karada city). The aims of this research were to evaluate the environmental noise pollution present in Karada city caused by traffic noise, compare the measured noise levels in the city with legislations and to establish the connection between noise and the number of active vehicles. The research work was carried out in three different stages: The first stage dealt with the physical measurements (using Apparatus Device), while the second stage had to do with the field surveys and questionnaires conducted to measure and evaluate the effect of noise caused by vehicular movements in the main streets during traffic rush hours. The third stage was carried out in parallel with the first stage as the amount of traffic in the study area streets was measured. Ultimately, the research concludes with results and recommendations to protect the study area from traffic noise pollution, which in return would be very beneficial to studies that deal with planning a noise-free environment.
physical Constituents of university urban environment; the impact on social behavior characteristics (University of Babylon A model)
Authors: Ahmed Ameera Jaleel , Jabbar Neima Saba
Published: July 2020

Environment quality plays a major role in communication, and, enhances life.it has received increased attention across a number of disciplines in recent years. in contrast, there is no comprehensiveness of experimental behavioral studies. so the major problem there is a lack of knowledge in comprehensiveness of experimental behavioral studies, that determine the physical Constituents; Influencing the social behavior characteristics, and assessment the environment quality based on behavioral measures by observed behavior. the aim of this paper is to develop previous literature theoretical framework and draw out behavioral measures to assess the environment quality (functionally, physically and ecologically). The inductive experimental approach was adopted, six urban spaces were elected at the University of Babylon, and observation Student behavior during (2018-2019). Finally, the results showed that determine the measures based on observed behavior Characteristics contributes effectively to the assessment environment quality, on another side high quality of the urban environment leads to increase the variety of behavioral patterns and cognitive relationships.
The Effect of Museums’ Internal Spaces Characteristics Upon visitors’ Space Use Patterns: Qatar Museums as a Case study
Authors: Mustafa Waleed Sami , Hasan Taha Asma
Published: July 2020

Visitors’ space use pattern in museums is the mechanism by which visitors can understand and comprehend the internal display environment through a series of behaviors that begin with Capture, Navigation and ends by stopping to view display content. To find out the effect of the internal physical environment of the display spaces which consist of (the display containers) represented by the surrounding surfaces and (display content) of exhibits, the organizational characteristics of each one had to be studied to know their impact in these different patterns of space use. The relationship between the patterns of display space use represented by (visitors exploratory movement and stopping to view exhibits) and the internal space characteristics represented by (organizational relationships of display container and content) is a phenomenon that didn’t have a great deal of studying despite its role in making the museum experience successful. Accordingly, the research aimed at shedding light on the nature of this relationship through studying a group of neutral display spaces for the display containers with their contents along with their different spatial organization between two of international museums within an interactive approach based on the actual analysis of the visitor behavior by observation and tracking in addition to carrying out syntactical analysis for the display halls in the selected samples with Depthmap UCL software. The results of the practical study showed that the matching between the display container and island display content in the spatial organization raises the learning opportunity and going deeply into the display content as well as stimulating the interaction of visitors through focusing on exhibits on one hand, this interaction with display, on the other hand, towards wall display content increases as much as this matching decreases.
The Material as a Stimulus for Designing Action: the GRC as a model in contemporary Iraqi practice
Authors: ra’ouf Zainab hussein , Abbas Aboud Oday , Salim Abdulahaad Enas
Published: July 2020

The architectural field has always represented an area where the potential of the materials that simulate the spirit of its time based on the architect designer’s understanding of these materials, their precise properties and their characteristics that influenced the making of creative architectural modules, the latest one known as GRC The research problem specified as “The Lack of clear conception about what the GRC material is and its effect on the designing action both in its intellectual and applicable aspects in the development of the contemporary architecture”. The goal of the research is to define the aspects of the GRC and to bring into view their indicators and level of influence on contemporary architecture. The research defined its method of work by examining the concept of G.R.C and its practical applications in the global practice to build the theoretical frame then tests it on selected Iraqi samples. The research concludes that the local experiment proved the architect understands of the GRC conception and its applicable methods on developing contemporary designing methods aimed at renovation and to stay clear of stereotypical and traditional pattern especially those related to designing the facades but the influence was directed at most towards implementing the aesthetic considerations at the expense of functional and performance considerations..
Impact of Gold nanoparticles sizes and concentrations on the Rhabdomyosarcoma cells
Authors: Sawalha Sura M. , Ghadhban Eman , Al-Dahan Ziad T.
Published: July 2020

The cytotoxic effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on Rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RMS or RD cell line) has been studied by using Methyl Thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Two sizes of the synthesized GNPs (61nm and 71 nm) functionalized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide with different concentrations of 3.6 ml of 5 ml CTAB solution were used in the current research. The RD cell line was exposed to these particles for 48 hours. The findings showed that the cytotoxic effects of GNPs appeared to depend on concentration. for both sizes at higher concentration, the inhibition rate of IR absorbance was significantly decreased due to GNPs agglomeration on the cell membrane. Lower concentrations of GNPs internalize the cytoplasmic membrane individually by diffusion. Moreover, average particle diameters of 61nm showed a significant inhibition rate of more than 71nm at a lower concentration.
Synthesis and characterisation of zinc oxide catalyst and its composite with polymer additives
Authors: Abdul Jabar Marwa F
Published: July 2020

Nano-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) particles and its composite were synthesised with xanthan gum (XG) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) polymers.

This work studied different concentrations of the surface adsorption of these polymers onto the Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles.

The concentrations used as mass ratio were (1:1, 1:0.5 and 1:0.25w/w) for ZnO/polymer. The nanoparticles are then analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size and BET surface area.

Composition of the samples was recognised with X-ray diffraction. The shape of particles changes with addition polymeric additives. It has been indicated that the low concentration polymers display a weaker effect on the surface of particles in comparison to the polymers with high concentration and CMC polymer better than XG polymer since it facilitated to produce finest nanoparticles with higher surface area.
Structural and Optical Performance of The doped ZnO Nano-thin Films by (CSP)
Authors: Ghazai AlaaJabbar , Qader KameranYasseen , Habubi Nadir Fadhil , Chiad Sami Salman , Abdulmunem OdayMazin
Published: July 2020

In this study, were investigated structural, optical properties and morphological ofZnO and Te-doped ZnO Nano-thin films deposited by Chemical spray pyrolysis(CSP) method. The structural properties of films were studied as pure and Te dopant ZnO at concentration 2 and 4%. The films were characterized by XRD to study the structure of films. It was observed that the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO for all samples. The films exhibited wurtzite (102) preferential growth in pure and the dopant ratios. Grain size values calculated fromScherrer’s formula of the films were varied in range of (79-113) nm. The band gap energy values were calculated respectively for undoped ZnO and 2% 4% Te doped ZnO samples.
2-D steady seepage flow model to simulate the contaminates transportation through homogeneous earth dam using Geo–Studio software
Authors: Sadiq S. M. , Kubba Faris A. , Ahmed Fatin K. I.
Published: July 2020

Geo-Studio program is used in this study with its sub-programs named SEEP/W and CTRAN/W 2012 to represent and analyse the phreatic line, the amount of seepage through the dam, the pressure head, the discharge, the total head and the amount of contaminants that transport through the body of the dam. The problem of transportation of contaminants through homogeneous earth dam due to seepage flow was studied and simulated using the computational fluid dynamic technique with the help of Geo–slope programs. The paper also studied the prediction of future contaminants’ levels in the specified dam. The study also discusses the effect of pool water level fluctuation from maximum to a minimum level on the seepage flow and the time of pollution transmission. From the Geo-studio software, it is deduced that when the water level is at the maximum height (20m), it needs 12 days, at normal height (15m) it needs 30 days, while at a minimum height (8 m) it needs 100 days to reach the drain zone.
Role of Rice Husk as Natural Sorbent in Paracetamol Sorption Equilibrium and Kinetics
Authors: Lahieb Faisal M. , Al-Sharify Zainab T. , Farah Faisal M.
Published: July 2020

Biosorbent of rice husk was utilized to evaluate the removing of paracetamol from aqueous medium by sorption process (batch-concept); studying the influence of several experimental parameters as biosorbent dose, contact time, change of temperature; also studying the behaviour of the equilibrium isotherm of paracetamol into the rice husks and comparing the data with different isotherm models. Pseudo-second order equation and Langmuir model were best suited fordata experience. With increasing temperature the sorption process increased; suggesting that the process is endothermic in nature. FTIR test was tested before and after sorption for the purpose of showingthe presence and number of the functional groups ofparacetamolbinding on to the tested sorbent.
Numerical Solution of Single and Two Bubbles Moving in Quiescent Liquid Using Euler-Lagrange Approach
Authors: Alabedin Z , Mohammed T J , Jalil J M
Published: July 2020

It is known that the bubbles dynamics are very important and dominant property in multiphase airlift systems. The major benefit came from understanding visually and numerically these dynamics that lead to improvement of bubbles distribution and a well-mixed mixture inside reactors. Hence, Euler-Lagrange approach has been used to study bubbles dynamics. By using the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations that reinforces turbulence model the continuous phase velocity is calculated. The coupling between the phases was take into consideration through source terms of momentum and the source terms in the equations (ε and k), which include the effect of wake-generated turbulence by means consistent Lagrangian-similar terms. by utilizing the motion equations taking into account added mass, drag, pressure, gravity, wall, and the transverse lift force the Bubble motion was calculated. So as to determine the importance relative for the different physical phenomena’s included in the model., a modified particle source in cell (PIC) is introduced, where the effect of bubble is accounted not only where the center of bubble is located but also to all the cells that containing bubble.
Investigation of overall mass transfer coefficient of CO2 absorption in to aqueous blended Monoethanolamine (MEA), Diethanolamine (DEA) and Triethanolamine (TEA) measured in Bubble column Reactor solution
Authors: Rushdi Salih , Thamer Elaf
Published: July 2020

Mixtures of different types of amine solution (primary Monoethanolamine (MEA), secondary : diethanolamine (DEA) and tertiary: triethanolamine (TEA) were experimentally used to investigation the overall mass transfer coefficient (KGa
) at different operating parameters. The experiments were made in a bubble column reactor (BCR) with 1.5 m in high and 0.1 m inside diameter as a gas-liquid contactor at 25°C and atmospheric pressure, using a simulation gaseous mixture (air, carbon dioxide) with recycle stream (circulation process). For efficient experimentation, the Taguchi method was applied for experimental design. A four factor and three levels was chosen for this study and it was exploded using L9 (34) orthogonal array design. These parameters for circulation process were namely: gas flow rate 10,15, and 20L/min, air flow rate100,150, and 200 L/h, liquid flow rate 5,10, and 15 L/min and time absorption time 30,60, and 90min. To understand the effectiveness order of different operating parameters, two factors namely, overall mass transfer coefficient (KGa
), and CO
2 loading (α) are to be exploded. A Shimadzu GC-8A Gas Chromatograph with thermal conductivity detector was used to measure the CO
2 concentration absorbed in aqueous blended solution. As per Taguchi analysis the significance sequence influencing the parameter and optimum condition can be determined. The maximum value for CO
2 loading was 3.439 (mol CO2/mol amine) at 20 L/min gas flow and 15 L/min liquid flow, and 200 L/h air flow for 60 min from absorption time. The performance was evaluated in terms of the overall mass transfer coefficient, KGav
, the results show that max value of KGa
was 0.08 S
−1
Effect of opening on strength characteristics of reinforced concrete dapped ends beams
Authors: Mushatat Haider Amer , AbdulKareem Wael Shahadha , Wanas Abeer Hassan
Published: July 2020

This study is devoted to investigate experimentally the ultimate strength capacity performance of seven dapped ends simply supported reinforced concrete beams with a (length, height, and width) dimension of (1200, 240, and 130) mm, either solid cross section or top/bottom hollow opening/s. One-point load test method results a different crack patterns of multi types of failure with varying intensity. It is found that the beams strength capacity values with openings less than the solid beams by 5-10%, while the deflection values of solid cross section beam contrary increased by 11-30%. Also, for the same location of opening the increase in hollow openings reduce the capacity load by 4.5-10%, but increase the deflection values by 6-12.5%. Finally, the beams with opening located at the compression zone decrease the load capacity and increase the deflection values by 5% than the beams with opening at tension zone. Therefore, this study handed to the civil engineering designer using the dapped ends beams in bridge construction structures under effect of static loads, “for the necessary purposes of installing power supply cable or water pipe, the authors recommended using beams with opening to be located at bottom fiber tension zone”.
The role of street and park trees to CO2 removal and improving air quality and climate in urban areas in Najaf (Iraq)Type the title of your paper here
Authors: Guda Muthik A. , Obaid Jawad K. , Alduhaidahawi Faris j. , Alkurdi Helen J. A. , alkareemaw Hakeem G.L. , Salih Hayder M. , Isawi Hussein F.M. AL.
Published: July 2020

The aims of this research is assessing ecosystem services and helping to integrate the multiplicity functions of urban ecosystems into city planning and management processes. Among the important impacts of trees in gardens and streets in removing CO2 and improving air quality and climate, In the center of Al-Najaf (Iraq). This study included realistic statistics and was incorporated into a modified program (ITE Eco Model), where the trees were inventoried. Then assess the status of trees and the variation in tree types and use this information in the assessment of environmental services. According to this study, it is recommended to increase park areas and care for trees and not to cut them from the point of view of ecosystem service, according to the key to the ecosystem of afforestation.