bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Catalytic Transformation of Thiiranes to Cyclic Disulfides by Tungsten Carbonyl Complexes
Authors: Adams Richard D. , Perrin Joseph L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of 2,4,6‐Cycloheptatrien‐1‐imines in Cycloaddition Reactions: Formation of Azaazulen‐2(1H)‐ones and Their Analogues
Authors: Ito Kazuaki , Saito Katsuhiro
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Syntheses of γ‐Lactones and γ‐Alkylidene‐butenolides
Authors: Harcken Christian , Berkenbusch Thilo , Braukmuller Stefan , Umland Andreas , Siegel Konrad , Gorth Felix , Von der Ohe Frank , Bruckner Reinhard
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Novel Functional Fullerene Derivatives
Authors: Prato Maurizio , Da Ros Tatiana , Maggini Michele , Guldi Dirk M. , Pasimeni Luigi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed New Benzannulation via Enynes
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Allenes in Novel Palladium‐Catalyzed and Acid‐Mediated Cyclization Processes
Authors: Hiemstra Henk , Van Henegouwen Winfred G. Beyersbergen , Karstens Willem F. J. , Moolenaar Marinus J. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cavity‐Containing Materials Based Upon Resorcin[4]arenes by Discovery and Design
Authors: MacGillivray Leonard R. , Atwood Jerry L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Control of Selectivities in Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Legros Jean‐Yves , Toffano Martial , Boutros Andre , Moinet Christophe , Fiaud Jean‐Claude
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Reduction of Organohalogen Compounds with Electrogenerated Homogeneous‐Phase and Polymer‐Bound Cobalt(I) and Nickel(I) Salen
Authors: Alleman Kent S. , Samide Michael J. , Peters Dennis G. , Mubarak Mohammad S.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Sol‐Gel Coatings
Authors: Boettcher Horst
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids—A Tabular Review
Authors: Schiff Jr. Paul L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prototropic Tautomerism of Heterocycles: Heteroaromatic Tautomerism — General Overview and Methodology
Authors: Elguero Jose , Katritzky Alan R. , Denisko Olga V.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfur Compounds. Part 220. Gas‐Phase Structures and Acidities of the Sulfur Oxoacids H2SnO6 (n = 2—4) and H2S2O7
Authors: Otto Andre H. , Steudel Ralf
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: In Search of Covalently Bound Tetra‐ and Penta‐Oxygen Species: A Photoelectron Spectroscopic and ab initio Investigation of MO4‐ and MO5‐ (M: Li, Na, K, Cs).
Authors: Zhai Hua‐Jin , Yang Xin , Wang Xue‐Bin , Wang Lai‐Sheng , Elliot Ben , Boldyrev Alexander I.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bridging the Gap Between Polyoxometalates and Classic Coordination Compounds: A Novel Type of Hexavanadate Complex.
Authors: Piepenbrink Markus , Triller Michael U. , Gorman Neville H. J. , Krebs Bernt
Published: June 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Successful Fibrinolytic Treatment in a Pregnant Woman with Acute Mitral Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis
Authors: BarışKaya Ergün , Kocabaş Uğur , Aksoy Hakan , Aytemir Kudret , Tokgözoğlu Lale
Published: June 2010

Pregnant patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves pose a great problem for medical management. The problem is even greater in a pregnant woman with mechanical valve thrombosis. This article describes a pregnant woman with prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis who had a successful fibrinolytic treatment. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes of Drug‐Eluting Stents in Patients With Large Vessel and Single Coronary Artery Lesion
Authors: Kim Ung , Kim Dong‐Kie , Seol Sang‐Hoon , Yang Tae‐Hyun , Kim Dae‐Kyung , Kim Doo‐Il , Kim Dong‐Soo , Lee Sang‐Hee , Hong Geu‐Ru , Park Jong‐Seon , Shin Dong‐Gu , Kim Young‐Jo , Cho Yoon‐Kyung , Kim Hyung‐Seop , Nam Chang‐Wook , Hur Seung‐Ho , Kim Kwon‐Bae
Published: June 2010

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and angiographic outcomes of 3 drug‐eluting stents (DES) in patients with large vessel diameter and single coronary artery lesions.

Hypothesis

The efficacy of 3 DESs may be similar.

Methods

A total of 411 consecutive patients who visited 3 university hospitals from June 2004 to December 2007 and had a single coronary lesion which was treated with the use of a DES that was 3.5 mm in diameter were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into 3 stent groups: Paclitaxel‐eluting stent (PES, n = 105), Sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES, n = 259), and Zotarolimus‐eluting stent (ZES, n = 47). The study end point was a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemia‐driven target‐vessel revascularization (TVR) for 12 months.

Results

Baseline characteristics were not different. Late loss was higher in the ZES group than the other stents (0.5 ± 0.4 mm in SES vs 0.3 ± 0.5 mm in PES, 0.7 ± 0.5 mm in ZES, P = 0.001). The total MACE‐free survival rate was not significantly different between the SES group and the PES group (98.8% in SES vs 97.1% in PES, P = 0.252) or the PES group and the ZES group (97.1% in PES vs 93.6% in ZES, P = 0.301). However, the SES group showed a significantly better MACE‐free survival rate compared with the ZES group (98.8% in SES vs 93.6% in ZES, P = 0.018).

Conclusions

Clinical and angiographic outcomes of DES in a large vessel diameter and single coronary artery is excellent and SES appears to show better angiographic and clinical outcomes than ZES. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy and Safety of Intracoronary Autologous Bone Marrow‐Derived Cell Transplantation in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From Randomized Controlled Trials With 12 or More Months Follow‐Up
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Sun Aijun , Zhang Shuning , Yao Kang , Wu Chaoneng , Fu Mingqiang , Wang Keqiang , Zou Yunzeng , Ge Junbo
Published: June 2010

Background

Until now there was no systematic review concerning the chronic effects of intracoronary bone marrow‐derived cell (BMC) transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Hypothesis

Improvement of cardiac function in patients with acute MI post BMC transplantation might last longer than 12 months.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database through June 2009. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials of intracoronary BMC transfer in acute MI patients with follow‐up duration equal to or longer than 12 months.

Results

A total of 8 trials involving 725 participants were identified. Compared with controls, BMC transplantation significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by 4.37% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.66%–6.08%; P < 0.00001), reduced left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV) by 5.71 mL (95% CI: 2.03–9.40 mL; P = 0.002), left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV) by 8.94 mL (95% CI: 4.22–13.66 mL; P = 0.0002), and infarct size by 2.42% (95% CI: 1.33%–3.51%, P < 0.00001). Bone marrow‐derived cell treatment also significantly reduced the risk of death (relative risk [RR]: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13–0.89; P = 0.03), while the risk of reinfarction was similar between the 2 groups (RR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.09–4.12; P = 0.62). Subgroup analysis showed that the BMC transplantation‐induced LVEF increase was more significant in patients age < 55 and with cells transferred 6 or 7 days after MI.

Conclusion

Beneficial effects of intracoronary BMC transplantation could last more than 12 months in acute MI patients. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
QT Prolongation Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality in End‐Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Hage Fadi G. , de Mattos Angelo M. , Khamash Hasan , Mehta Shikha , Warnock David , Iskandrian Ami E.
Published: June 2010

Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the predominant cause of sudden cardiac death in the general population, and sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of mortality in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD).

Hypothesis

QT‐interval prolongation is an independent prognosticator in ESRD.

Methods

We reviewed clinical, electrocardiographic, stress test, and coronary angiography data on ESRD patients evaluated for transplantation at our institution between 2000 and 2004 who underwent coronary angiography. The QT interval was corrected for heart rate and QRS duration (QTc). All‐cause mortality data were prospectively collected and verified against the Social Security Death Index database.

Results

During 40 ± 28 months of follow‐up, 132 of the 280 (47%) patients died prior to renal transplantation. Patients with a prolonged QTc (39%) had 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year death‐rates of 12%, 36%, and 47%, respectively, vs 8%, 24%, and 36% for those with normal QTc (log‐rank P = 0.03). In a multivariate Cox regression model that adjusted for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, presence and severity of CAD on angiography, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, LV ejection fraction (EF), and multiple other variables, QTc remained to be an independent predictor of survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.008, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001–1.014, P = 0.016). Female gender, decreasing LVEF, and decreasing severity of CAD on angiography were independent predictors of prolonged QTc.

Conclusions

QTc prolongation is an independent predictor of mortality in ESRD patients being evaluated for renal transplantation. The prognostic information gained from the QTc is additive to that provided by the LVEF and the severity of CAD. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Possible Participation of Endothelial Cell Apoptosis of Coronary Microvessels in the Genesis of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Uchida Yasumi , Egami Haruko , Uchida Yasuto , Sakurai Takeshi , Kanai Masahito , Shirai Seiichiro , Nakagawa Osamu , Oshima Tomomitsu
Published: June 2010

Background

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is characterized by systolic ballooning of the left ventricular apex. It is triggered by emotional or physical stress, but the exact mechanism through which stress leads to TCM is not known.

Hypothesis

Coronary microvessel apoptosis is the missing link between stress and TCM.

Methods

In 8 female patients with TCM, plasma catecholamines, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) coronary flow grade and myocardial perfusion grade, and apoptosis of the coronary microvessels in the biopsied myocardial specimen by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) were examined.

Results

Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine were increased to 663 ± 445 and 875 ± 812 pg/mL (mean ± SD), respectively. Acetylcholine‐induced delayed myocardial perfusion through the ballooning apical segment without flow disturbance in the epicardial coronary arteries (indicating microvessel spasm) and focal myocardial necrosis were observed in all subjects. Apical ballooning disappeared and myocardial perfusion delay was not inducible 1 month later. The number of vessels having apoptotic endothelial cells/10 vessels in arterioles, venules, and capillaries at initial biopsy and repeat biopsy 1 month later were 8.3 ± 1.4 vs 0.4 ± 1.1, P < 0.0001; 6.8 ± 1.8 vs 0.3 ± 0.7, P < 0.0001; and 7.9 ± 1.0 vs 0.5 ± 0.9, P < 0.0001, respectively.

Conclusions

Left ventricular apical ballooning in TCM was considered to be caused by coronary microvessel spasm due to catecholamine‐induced endothelial cell apoptosis and myocardial stunning after release of microvessel spasm. Endothelial cell apoptosis of coronary microvessel is therefore considered to be the missing link between stress and TCM. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Natriuretic and Neurohormonal Responses to Nesiritide, Furosemide, and Combined Nesiritide and Furosemide in Patients With Stable Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Sica Domenic , Oren Ron M. , Gottwald Mildred D. , Mills Roger M. ,   for the Scios 351 Investigators
Published: June 2010

Background

In patients with heart failure, few data describe the neurohormonal response to nesiritide and furosemide either alone or in combination. This study systematically compared the effects of nesiritide, furosemide, and their combination on natriuresis/diuresis and plasma aldosterone in patients with chronic stable heart failure who were relatively diuretic resistant.

Hypothesis

Natriuretic, diuretic, and neurohormonal responses to furosemide and nesiritide will differ when these agents are administered alone vs. in combination.

Methods

Twenty‐eight subjects completed a multicenter, open‐label, three‐arm crossover study. Each subject received the following treatments in random order on alternate days: (1) furosemide, 40 mg intravenous bolus; (2) nesiritide, 2 µg/kg intravenous bolus followed by a 0.01 µg/kg/min infusion for 6 hours; (3) both furosemide and nesiritide, with furosemide given at least 15 minutes after initiation of nesiritide.

Results

Plasma aldosterone increased by 2.2 ± 1.6 ng/dL after furosemide alone, decreased by 3.9 ± 1.6 ng/dL after nesiritide alone (P = 0.005 vs furosemide alone and P = 0.56 vs furosemide plus nesiritide), and decreased by 2.8 ± 1.6 ng/dL after furosemide plus nesiritide (P = 0.02 vs furosemide alone).

Conclusions

Furosemide alone produced natriuresis/diuresis and a prompt rise in plasma aldosterone values. Nesiritide alone produced no significant natriuresis/diuresis, but decreased plasma aldosterone values. When furosemide was administered on a background of nesiritide infusion, the observed natriuresis/diuresis was similar to that seen with furosemide alone, without the anticipated increase in plasma aldosterone observed with furosemide alone. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A graphical generalized implementation of SENSE reconstruction using Matlab
Authors: Omer Hammad , Dickinson Robert
Published: June 2010

Parallel acquisition of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has the potential to significantly reduce the scan time. SENSE is one of the many techniques for the reconstruction of parallel MRI images. A generalized algorithm for SENSE reconstruction and theoretical background is presented. This algorithm can be used for SENSE reconstruction for any acceleration factor between 2 and 8, for any Phase Encode direction (Horizontal or Vertical), with or without Regularization. The user can select a particular type of Regularization. A GUI based implementation of the algorithm is also given. Signal‐to‐noise ratio, artefact power, andg‐factor map are used to quantify the quality of reconstruction. The effects of different acceleration factors on these parameters are also discussed. The GUI based implementation of SENSE reconstruction provides an easy selection of various parameters needed for reconstruction of parallel MRI images and helps in an efficient reconstruction and analysis of the quality of reconstruction. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 36A: 178–186, 2010.
Cardiovascular Adjustments to Isometric Contractions: Static Effort
Authors: Lind Alexander R.
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are:

General Description of Cardiovascular Responses

Local Circulation

Cardiac and Systemic Vascular Responses

Baroreceptor Influence

Mechanisms of Control of Systemic Cardiovascular Responses

Efferent Pathway

Afferent Pathway

Summary: Central Command or Reflex?
Cardiovascular Adjustments to Thermal Stress
Authors: Rowell Loring B.
Published: June 2010

The sections in this article are:

Critique of Some Methods Employed in Humans

Total and Regional Cutaneous Blood Flow

Cardiac Output

Central Blood Volume

Regional Blood Flow

Measurement of Temperature

General Features of the Cutaneous Circulation: A Brief Review

Cutaneous Blood Flow

Cutaneous Blood Volume

Innervation of Cutaneous Arterioles

Local Control of Skin Blood Flow: Interaction With Reflexes

Reflex and Local Control of Cutaneous Veins

Circulatory Adjustments to Heat Stress in Resting Humans

Changes in Cardiac Output, Blood Pressure, and Blood Volume

Distribution of Cardiac Output in Heat‐Stressed Resting Humans

Cardiac Output and Its Distribution in Heat‐Stressed Resting Subhuman Species

Distribution of Blood Volume in Heat‐Stressed Resting Humans

Mechanisms of Blood Flow Redistribution in Rest

Acclimatization in Rest

Interaction Between Thermoregulatory and Nonthermoregulatory Reflexes in Control of Skin Blood Flow

Cutaneous Vascular Responses to Baroreflexes

Cardiopulmonary (Low‐Pressure) Baroreflex

Postural Influences: Hydrostatic Problem

Upright Posture in Heat Stress: Interaction Between Reflex Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation

Exercise

Possible Modes of Reflex Interaction: Unsolved Problems

Overall Circulatory Adjustments to Heat Stress and Exercise

Distribution of Blood Volume

Redistribution of Blood Flow During Exercise

Central Circulation

Adaptation to Heat Stress and Exercise: Acclimatization
New Method for H2S Removal in Acid Solutions
Authors: de Angelis Alberto , Bellussi Giuseppe , Pollesel Paolo , Perego Carlo
Published: June 2010

Several different technologies are available for H2S removal from the gas stream of medium capacity. Among them, the most widely used is Locat with more than 120 plants worldwide. In the last decade, many new processes, such as Sulfatreat‐DO, Crystasulf, Caltech, and UCSR, were proposed to overcome the drawbacks of the state‐of‐the‐art processes (low sulfur purity, chemical degradation, thiosulfate formation). We have developed a new H2S conversion method based on acid ferric nitrate solution, co‐catalyzed by a heteropolyacid. H2S was converted to pure sulfur (>99.9 %), with no traces of organic compounds. Due to the acid pH of the solution, no chelant or surfactant was needed and iron content in the solution could reach very high levels. Keggin heteropolyacid (H6PW9V3O40) catalyzed the reoxidation of reduced ferrous solution with air at mild temperature and at very high reaction rate. The undesired side reaction (NOx formation) could be avoided by simply increasing the oxygen partial pressure.
Metallic Plate Corrosion and Uptake of Corrosion Products by Nafion in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Bozzini Benedetto , Gianoncelli Alessandra , Kaulich Burkhard , Kiskinova Maya , Prasciolu Mauro , Sgura Ivonne
Published: June 2010

Nafion contamination by ferrous‐alloy corrosion products, resulting in dramatic drops of the Ohmic potential, is a suspected major failure mode of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells that make use of metallic bipolar plates. This study demonstrates the potential of scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy combined with X‐ray absorption and fluorescence microspectroscopy for exploring corrosion processes of Ni and Fe electrodes in contact with a hydrated Nafion film in a thin‐layer cell. The imaged morphology changes of the Ni and Fe electrodes and surrounding Nafion film that result from relevant electrochemical processes are correlated to the spatial distribution, local concentration, and chemical state of Fe and Ni species. The X‐ray fluorescence maps and absorption spectra, sampled at different locations, show diffusion of corrosion products within the Nafion film only in the case of the Fe electrodes, whereas the Ni electrodes appear corrosion resistant.
Genetic algorithm‐based scheduling in cognitive radio networks under interference temperature constraints
Authors: Gözüpek Didem , Alagöz Fatih
Published: June 2010

The proliferation of wireless technologies and services has intensified the demand for the radio spectrum. However, the currently existing fixed spectrum assignment policy leads to an inefficient and unevenly distributed spectrum utilization. Cognitive radio paradigm has been proposed to alleviate these drawbacks by employing dynamic spectrum access (DSA) methodology. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has proposed the interference temperature model, which enables the unlicensed users to utilize the licensed frequencies simultaneously with the licensed users as long as they conform to the interference temperature constraints. Recently, throughput and delay optimal schedulers that meet the interference temperature constraints in cognitive radio networks have been formulated in the literature. However, these schedulers have high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose genetic algorithm (GA)‐based suboptimal methods addressing these throughput and delay optimal scheduling problems. The simulation results corroborate that our GA‐based approach yields very close performance to the optimal solutions and operates with much lower complexity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Change processes in residential cognitive therapy for bulimia nervosa
Authors: Hoffart Asle , Lysebo Hanne , Sommerfeldt Bente , Rø Øyvind
Published: June 2010

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships of process variables derived from the cognitive model of bulimia nervosa (BN) and weekly outcome. The participants were 39 patients with BN or subthreshold bulimia consecutively admitted to an inpatient treatment program for bulimia. Theory‐derived process and outcome variables were measured repeatedly during the course of therapy with a gap of a week between each measurement. The data were analysed with time series methods (ARIMA). Weekly variations in the process variables: self‐efficacy about resisting binge eating, dysfunctional beliefs, negative affect and positive affect influenced variations in subsequent outcome, whereas weekly outcome did not influence subsequent process. These results are consistent with the cognitive model of BN and suggest that self‐efficacy, dysfunctional beliefs, negative affect and positive affect are potential targets for treatment that need further investigation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Family planning and fertility decline in rural Iran: the impact of rural health clinics
Authors: Salehi‐Isfahani Djavad , Abbasi‐Shavazi M. Jalal , Hosseini‐Chavoshi Meimanat
Published: June 2010

During the first few years of the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and aided by pro‐natal government policies, Iranian fertility was on the rise. In a reversal of its population policy, in 1989, the government launched an ambitious and innovative family planning program aimed at rural families. By 2005, the program had covered more than 90% of the rural population and the average number of births per rural woman had declined to replacement level from about 8 births in the mid 1980s. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of a particular feature of the program – health houses – on rural fertility, taking advantage of the variation in the timing of their construction across the country. We use three different methods to obtain a range of estimates for the impact of health houses on village‐level fertility: difference‐in‐differences (DID), matching DID, and length of exposure. We find estimates of impact ranging from 4 to 20% of the decline in fertility during 1986–1996. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Suppresses the Transforming Growth Factor β1-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocytes†,‡
Authors: Kaimori Aki , Potter James J. , Choti Michael , Ding Zhen , Mezey Esteban , Koteish Ayman A.
Published: June 2010

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) plays a crucial role in the induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocytes, which contributes to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. The inhibition of the TGFβ1 cascade suppresses EMT and the resultant fibrosis. In this study, we focus on EMT-induced fibrosis in hepatocytes and the epigenetic regulation of the type I collagen gene. Histone acetylation is an important, major epigenetic mechanism that modulates gene transcription. We evaluated the epigenetic regulation of type I collagen in alpha mouse liver 12 hepatocytes (an untransformed mouse cell line) that had undergone EMT after treatment with TGFβ1. The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) inhibited EMT; this was reflected by the preservation of epithelial markers and function (E-cadherin and albumin). Fibrosis, the ultimate outcome of EMT, was abolished by TSA; this was indicated by the inhibition of type I collagen deposition. TSA exerted its anti-EMT effects by deactivating the mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3)/Smad4 transcription complex and by interfering with p300, a coactivator of the type I collagen promoter, and preventing its binding to Smad3. TSA also restored Friend leukemia virus integration 1, an inhibitor of the type I collagen gene. TGFβ1-induced EMT and its inhibition by TSA were replicated in human primary hepatocytes.

Conclusion:

Histone deacetylase inhibition abrogates TGFβ1-induced EMT in hepatocytes and reverses EMT-induced fibrosis by epigenetic modulation of type I collagen.
Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain-Containing 3/Adiponutrin Deficiency in Mice Is Not Associated with Fatty Liver Disease†,‡
Authors: Chen Weiqin , Chang Benny , Li Lan , Chan Lawrence
Published: June 2010

PNPLA3 (adiponutrin), a novel patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing enzyme, is expressed at high level in fat, but also in other tissues including liver. Polymorphisms in

PNPLA3

have been linked to obesity and insulin sensitivity. Notably, a nonsynonymous variant rs738409(G) allele of the

PNPLA3

gene was found to be strongly associated with both nonalcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease. We have generated

Pnpla3

−/−

mice by gene targeting. Loss of Pnpla3 has no effect on body weight or composition, adipose mass, or development, whether the mice were fed regular chow or high-fat diet or bred into the genetic obese

Lep

ob/ob

background. Plasma and liver triglyceride content and plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were not different between

Pnpla3

+/+

and

Pnpla3

−/− mice while they were on regular chow, fed three different fatty liver-inducing diets, or after they were bred into

Lep

ob/ob

background. Hepatic Pnpla5 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were similar in wild-type and

Pnpla3

−/− mice, although adipose Pnpla5 mRNA level was increased in

Pnpla3

−/− mice. A high-sucrose lipogenic diet stimulated hepatic Pnpla3 and Pnpla5 mRNA levels to a similar degree, but it did not affect adipose or liver triglyceride lipase (ATGL, known also as Pnpla2) mRNA in

Pnpla3

+/+ and

Pnpla3

−/−

mice. Finally,

Pnpla3

+/+

and

Pnpla3

−/−

mice displayed similar glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests while on regular chow or three different fatty liver–inducing diets.

Conclusion:

Loss of Pnpla3 does not cause fatty liver, liver enzyme elevation, or insulin resistance in mice.
Tamoxifen Induces Triacylglycerol Accumulation in the Mouse Liver by Activation of Fatty Acid Synthesis
Authors: Cole Laura K. , Jacobs René L. , Vance Dennis E.
Published: June 2010

Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen drug widely used for the treatment of hormone-sensitive breast cancer. Approximately 43% of breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen develop hepatic steatosis. The mechanism or mechanisms by which tamoxifen may induce lipid accumulation in the liver are unclear. Mice were injected with tamoxifen or vehicle (sesame oil containing 1% benzyl alcohol) for 5 consecutive days. In comparison with the vehicle, tamoxifen increased hepatic triacylglycerol levels by 72%. The levels of plasma triacylglycerol were similar between the tamoxifen-treated and control groups. We found increased radiolabeling of triacylglycerol and phospholipids from [3H]acetate (˜50%) but not [14C]oleate in hepatocytes from tamoxifen-treated mice versus control mice. Fatty acid uptake, triacylglycerol secretion, and fatty acid oxidation remained unchanged in isolated hepatocytes after tamoxifen treatment. The apparent increase in fatty acid synthesis was explained by a marked decrease in the phosphorylation of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, which resulted in its activation.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest that increased

de novo

fatty acid synthesis is the primary event leading to tamoxifen-induced steatosis in the mouse liver. Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis might, therefore, ameliorate steatosis/steatohepatitis in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. (Hepatology 2010;52:1258-1265)
Total Synthesis of the Biologically Active, Naturally Occurring 3,4‐Dibromo‐5‐[2‐bromo‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐6‐(methoxymethyl)benzyl]benzene‐1,2‐diol and Regioselective O‐Demethylation of Aryl Methyl Ethers
Authors: Akbaba Yusuf , Türker Balaydın Halis , Göksu Süleyman , Şahin Ertan , Menzek Abdullah
Published: June 2010

3,4‐Dibromo‐5‐[2‐bromo‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐6‐(methoxymethyl)benzyl]benzene‐1,2‐diol (2), a natural product, has been synthesized for the first time starting from (3‐bromo‐4,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)methanol (5) in five steps and with an overall yield of 34%. The reaction of some methoxymethyl‐substituted aryl methyl ethers with BBr3, followed by the addition of MeOH, afforded the corresponding methoxymethyl‐substituted arylphenols in high yields.
Two New Steroidal Saponins from the Processed Polygonatum kingianum
Authors: Yu He‐Shui , Ma Bai‐Ping , Song Xin‐Bo , Kang Li‐Ping , Zhang Tao , Fu Jing , Zhao Yang , Xiong Cheng‐Qi , Tan Da‐Wei , Zhang Li‐Juan , Zhang Jie , Yu Kate
Published: June 2010

Two new spirostanol saponins, kingianoside I (1) and kingianoside K (2), corresponding to (3β,23S,25R)‐23‐hydroxy‐12‐oxospirost‐5‐en‐3‐yl 4‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (1) and (3β,25R)‐7‐oxospirost‐5‐en‐3‐yl α‐L‐arabinofuranosyl‐(1→4)‐[6‐deoxy‐α‐L‐mannopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2), along with 13 known compounds, daucosterol, (25R)‐kingianoside G, (25RS)‐kingianoside A, pratioside D1, (25RS)‐pratioside D1, (25S)‐kingianoside C, kingianoside C, ginsenoside Rb1, saponins Tb and Pb, dioscin, gracillin, and saponin Pa, were isolated from the processed rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques, and chemical methods. Compound 2 contains a novel unusual spirostanol saponin aglycone. Ginsenoside Rb1 and saponin Tb were isolated for the first time from the genus Polygonatum. The 13 known compounds were detected for the first time in the processed Polygonatum kingianum.
The Synthesis, Photophysical Characterization, and X‐Ray Structure Analysis of Two Polymorphs of 4,4′‐Diacetylstilbene
Authors: Pye Cameron , Fronczek Frank R. , Isovitsch Ralph
Published: June 2010

A palladium(II) acetate‐catalyzed synthesis of 1 that utilizes the novel triazene 1‐{4‐[(E)‐morpholin‐4‐yldiazenyl]phenyl}ethanone as a synthon is described. The room temperature absorption spectra of 1 in various solvents exhibited a π→π* transition in the range of 330–350 nm. Compound 1 was observed to be luminescent, with room‐temperature solution and solid‐state emission spectra that exhibited maxima in the range 400–500 nm. All room‐temperature absorption and emission spectra exhibited some degree of vibrational structure. The emission spectrum of 1 at 77 K in propanenitrile glass was broad and featureless with a maximum at 447 nm. Compound 1 crystallized as a yellow and colorless polymorph. X‐Ray structure analyses of both of these polymorphs and 1‐{4‐[(E)‐morpholin‐4‐yldiazenyl]phenyl}ethanone are presented.
The Baylis–Hillman Adducts as Valuable Source for One‐Pot Multi‐Step Synthesis: A Facile Synthesis of Substituted Piperidin‐2‐ones
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Reddy Raju Jannapu , Lenin Dandamudi V.
Published: June 2010

A facile, convenient, and one‐pot multi‐step synthesis of substituted piperidin‐2‐ones from the Baylis–Hillman alcohols derived from various aldehydes and acrylonitrile, involving Johnson–Claisen rearrangement, reduction of an α,β‐unsaturated nitrile moiety into the saturated amine‐skeleton, followed by cyclization, in an operationally simple procedure, is described.
A One‐Pot Biginelli Synthesis of 6‐Unsubstituted 5‐Aroylpyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones and 6‐Acetyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐3(2H)‐ones
Authors: Darwish Elham Sayed , Abdelshafy Abdelhamid Ismail , Adel Nasra Miead , Abdel‐Gallil Fathy Mohamed , Fleita Daisy Hanna
Published: June 2010

The three‐component Biginelli‐like cyclocondensation reaction of enamines 1, urea, and aldehydes in dioxane/acetic acid efficiently afforded the corresponding 6‐unsubstituted 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones 2 in good yields (Scheme 1, Table). The corresponding reaction of azaenamine (=hydrazone) 7 with benzaldehyde and urea afforded 6‐acetyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐3(2H)‐ones in good yields (Scheme 3).
3,5‐Dihydro‐2H‐thieno[2,3‐c]pyrrole 1,1‐Dioxide – A New Simple Pyrrole Unit. Preliminary Communication
Authors: Banala Srinivas , Wurst Klaus , Kräutler Bernhard
Published: June 2010

2,3‐Dihydrothiophene 1,1‐dioxide (‘2‐sulfolene’) reacted with tosylmethyl isocyanide (TsMIC) in the presence of a base to give the hitherto unknown 3,5‐dihydro‐2H‐thieno[2,3‐c]pyrrole 1,1‐dioxide (‘β′‐sulfolenopyrrole’) from the expected cyclocondensation. A serendipitous formation of this β′‐sulfolenopyrrole was found earlier, when we investigated synthetic routes to a 3,5‐dihydro‐1H‐thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole 2,2‐dioxide (a ‘β″‐sulfolenopyrrole’) from TsMIC and 2,5‐dihydrothiophene 1,1‐dioxide (‘3‐sulfolene’). Here, we present the synthesis and characterization of β′‐sulfolenopyrrole. The X‐ray crystal‐structure analyses of β′‐sulfolenopyrrole and the isomeric β″‐sulfolenopyrrole are also reported here. This β′‐sulfolenopyrrole is a new type of a functionalized pyrrole, which is likely to be of interest for pharmaceutical purposes.
Two New Lycopodine Alkaloids from Huperzia serrata
Authors: Jiang Jinhe , Liu Ying , Min Kang , Jing Bi , Wang Liqin , Zhang Yan , Chen Yegao
Published: June 2010

Two new lycopodine alkaloids, (12β)‐12‐hydroxyhuperzine G (1) and (5β,6β,15α)‐15‐methyllycopodane‐5,6‐diol (2), were isolated from the whole plants of Huperzia serrata, together with six known compounds, huperzines A, B, and G, phlegmariurine B, (8β)‐8‐hydroxyphlegmariurine B, and lycoposerramine D. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including HR‐ESI‐MS, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, DEPT, 1H,1H‐COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY data.
A Convenient Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐3‐methylidene‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐ones by Reaction of 2‐Formylbenzo­nitriles with Dimethyloxosulfonium Methylide
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Kota , Nakamura Daizo , Fukamachi Shuhei , Konishi Hisatoshi
Published: June 2010

A facile method for the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐3‐methylidene‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐one and its derivatives carrying substituent(s) at C(5) and/or C(6) has been developed. The reaction of 2‐formylbenzonitrile (1a) with dimethyloxosulfonium methylide, generated by the treatment of trimethylsulfoxonium iodide with NaH in DMSO/THF at 0°, resulted in the formation of 2,3‐dihydro‐3‐methylidene‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐one (2a) in 77% yield. Similarly, six 2‐formylbenzonitriles carrying substituent(s) at C(4) and/or C(5), i.e., 1b–1g, also gave the corresponding expected products 2b–2g in comparable yields.
A Study of the Reactivity of Secondary Phosphanes with Radical Sources: A New Dehydrocoupling Reaction
Authors: Baker Robert J. , Hashem Emtithal
Published: June 2010

The reactions of secondary phosphanes with radical sources have been investigated. A stoichiometric dehydrocoupling of Ph2PH with 1,1′‐azobis[cyclohexane‐1‐carbonitrile] (VAZO® 88) affords tetraphenyldiphosphane in good yields, whilst reduction of the nitrosyl function was observed upon using 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO). Dialkylphosphane–borane adducts also undergo a dehydrocoupling reaction in the presence of VAZO® 88 to form R4P2.
Developing emotional intelligence abilities through team‐based learning
Authors: Clarke Nicholas
Published: June 2010

A few studies have appeared in the literature suggesting that team learning might be an effective means for developing emotional intelligence (EI) abilities in the workplace. This study investigated the effects of attending a one‐day emotional intelligence training session followed by participating in team‐based learning on ability‐based measures of emotional intelligence in a sample of MBA students. Training alone had no effect but when followed by participating in team‐based learning positive effects were found, but only for those who were categorized as participating more intensively in team learning and only on one specific emotional ability. The findings suggest that greater participation in team‐based learning may create stronger relational bonds that support the development of emotional abilities once individuals have gained personal insights into their own emotional intelligence.
When job aids attack: On the social history of dubious job aids
Authors: Kopp David M. , Desiderio Katie P. , McAtavey Jean M.
Published: June 2010

In this article we introduce the job aid as a cultural artifact in specific historical social contexts. Framing job aids as such within a broader context of social history enables human resource development (HRD) researchers and practitioners to reflect critically on training and development with a perspective on social justice vis‐à‐vis social responsibility. With the use of a targeted literature review, we present two historical cases of questionable job aids, specifically, in the so‐called patent medicines of the early 20th century and the job aids used for training the Hitler Youth. Lessons learned from social history include recognizing the fundamental role that culture has in shaping not only what actions adult learners carry out, but also how the job aids can memorialize their performance. Further, it is posited that introducing the dimension of social history to training offers a more thorough and robust inquiry to critical HRD.
Relationships among developmental competency measures and objective work outcomes in a New Zealand retail context
Authors: Jackson Duncan J. R. , Cooper‐Thomas Helena D. , van Gelderen Marco , Davis Jane
Published: June 2010

Competencies represent an important and popular topic in human resource development. Despite this popularity, a divide exists between practitioner approaches to developmental competency measures and the empirical scrutiny of such approaches. However, the scarce empirical studies on competency measures have begun to bridge this gap. In the present study, behavioral competency ratings and objective outcome measures were collected from 118 entry‐level employees in a retail organization in New Zealand. A correlational design was applied to data in this study and, with the use of canonical correlation analyses, meaningful relationships were observed among competency measures and objective work outcomes. Such relationships are presented as being practically useful when making decisions about weighting certain competencies over others for developmental purposes.
The impact of reason for training on the relationship between “best practices” and sexual harassment training effectiveness
Authors: Perry Elissa L. , Kulik Carol T. , Bustamante Jennifer , Golom Frank D.
Published: June 2010

The current study explored the use of best training practices on human resources managers' perceptions of sexual harassment training success and frequency of sexual harassment complaints. Results revealed no main effects of best training practices on sexual harassment training success. However, effects of best training practices on sexual harassment training success differed as a function of the organization's reason (legal vs. strategic) for implementing sexual harassment training. Additionally, one best training practice, posttraining activities, was significantly and negatively related to frequency of sexual harassment complaints.
Pareto‐archived evolutionary wavelet network for financial constrained portfolio optimization
Authors: Suganya N. C. , Vijayalakshmi Pai G. A.
Published: June 2010

The multi‐objective portfolio optimization problem is too complex to find direct solutions by traditional methods when constraints reflecting investor's preferences and/or market frictions are included in the mathematical model and hence heuristic approaches are sought for their solution.

In this paper we propose the solution of a multi‐criterion (bi‐objective) portfolio optimization problem of minimizing risk and maximizing expected return of the portfolio which includes basic, bounding, cardinality, class and short sales constraints using a Pareto‐archived evolutionary wavelet network (PEWN) solution strategy. Initially, the empirical covariance matrix is denoised by employing a wavelet shrinkage denoising technique. Second, the cardinality constraint is eliminated by the application of k‐means cluster analysis. Finally, a PEWN heuristic strategy with weight standardization procedures is employed to obtain Pareto‐optimal solutions satisfying all the constraints. The closeness and diversity of Pareto‐optimal solutions obtained using PEWN is evaluated using different measures and the results are compared with existing only solution strategies (evolution‐based wavelet Hopfield neural network and evolution‐based Hopfield neural network) to prove its dominance. Eventually, data envelopment analysis is also used to test the efficiency of the non‐dominated solutions obtained using PEWN.

Experimental results are demonstrated on the Bombay Stock Exchange, India (BSE200 index: period July 2001–July 2006), and the Tokyo Stock Exchange, Japan (Nikkei225 index: period March 2002–March 2007), data sets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of fly‐ash additive for removal of dissolved organic matter during soil aquifer treatment of wastewater treatment plant Peffluent
Authors: Wei Liangliang , Wang Kun , Zhao Qingliang , Xue Shuang , Jia Ting , You Peiyuan
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: Fly‐ash (FA) additive was evaluated for enhanced removal of organic matter during soil aquifer treatment (SAT) of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent in five 0.50 m length columns (diameter 0.1 m) in parallel.

RESULTS: The characteristic behavior of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was examined for the stratum matrix configurations of both natural soil and a mixture of soil and FA. Incubation and fractionation experiments indicated that FA additive within the SAT columns would enhance the bulk adsorption of hydrophobic fractions, but decrease the biodegradation of the hydrophilic fraction simultaneously. The configuration design of an upper 0.25 m soil layer and a mixture of FA and soil underneath could make use of the functions of both FA adsorption and biodegradation within soil, which could lead to a further fractional removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). Moreover, FA additive in the SAT columns could result in a significant decrease of tryptophan‐like aromatic proteins and fulvic‐like components (CC and CO related), while the setting of the top 25 cm soil layer would lead to a further reduction of oxygen‐containing functional groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, FA might serve as a supplementary material for enhancing the reduction of DOM during SAT operation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry