bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy Combined with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Cervical Cancer Patients Effectively Improves Immune Function
Authors: Liu Mo , Wang Hongping , Du Shengye , Li Wenying , Xuan Fei , Zhao Yinghui , Li Na
Published: September 2022

Objective. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer and the effect on the immune function of patients. Methods. Between January 2021 and December 2021, 42 patients with cervical cancer diagnosed and treated at our hospital were recruited and randomly assigned at a 1 : 1 ratio to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus open radical hysterectomy (control group) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (treatment group) (study group). Outcome measures included surgical indices, clinical outcomes, and immunological function. Results. There were no significant differences in the operative time between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). Patients receiving laparoscopic surgery had significantly less intraoperative bleeding and shorter time lapse before postoperative anal exhaustion, time lapse before out-of-bed activities, and hospital stay versus patients receiving open surgery (

P
<
0.05

). Laparoscopic surgery resulted in a significantly higher efficacy (90.48%) versus open surgery (57.14%) (

P
<
0.05

). After treatment, patients in the study group showed lower levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), and cancer antigen (CA125) than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). After treatment, patients given laparoscopic surgery showed significantly lower CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ levels and higher CD4+/CD8+ levels versus those with open surgery (

P
<
0.05

). The postoperative conditions of the two groups, including recatheterization, postoperative blood transfusion, and secondary anti-inflammation were not significantly different (

P
>
0.05

). The study group showed a significantly lower incidence of complications (19.05%) than the control group (71.43%) (

P
<
0.05

). Patients in the study group had a lower reoperation rate and a higher survival rate (0.00%, 95.24%) than those in the control group (19.05%, 66.67%) (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus laparoscopic radical hysterectomy effectively improves clinical efficacy, lowers cancer marker levels, improves patients’ immune function, reduces the risk of adverse events, and improves patients’ prognosis with less intraoperative bleeding, less trauma, faster postoperative recovery, and shorter hospital stay for cervical cancer patients.
A Queuing Model for Mixed Traffic Flows on Highways considering Fluctuations in Traffic Demand
Authors: Zhu Juanxiu , Hu Lu , Chen Zikang , Xie Han
Published: September 2022

Modelling the mixed traffic flows of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and human-driven vehicles (HVs) on highways is challenging. Randomness, fluctuations, and congestion exist in the mixed traffic flows. This paper extends the current literature by proposing an M/G(n)/c/c state-dependent queuing model operating in a random environment. The fluctuating traffic demand is addressed by arrival rates modulated by the random environment. Meanwhile, a Markovian arrival process (MAP) is incorporated to describe the platoons. We investigate the performance of the mixed traffic flow under the I policy (AVs and HVs travel together in all lanes) and the D policy (one lane is designated to AVs). Numerical experiments reveal the following interesting findings: (1) the fluctuation degree of traffic demand, the traffic intensity, and the penetration rate of AVs play essential roles in determining the performance of mixed traffic flows. (2) The I policy should always be adopted if the travel time is more valuable. In terms of output rate, the choice between the I and the D policies depends on the traffic intensity, SCV of arrival rates and penetration rate. (3) A larger penetration rate is required to completely eliminate congestion on a longer highway segment.
The Underlying Roles of Exosome-Associated PIGR in Fatty Acid Metabolism and Immune Signaling in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Ying , Hu Yongbin , Deng Langmei
Published: September 2022

The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), an exosome-associated glycoprotein, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of different tumors. This study aimed to investigate whether PIGR is essential for colorectal cancer (CRC). Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed that expression of PIGR was significantly decreased in CRC patients. Upregulated PIGR displayed favorable prognostic values in CRC patients. Several algorithms, such as TISIDB and TIMER, were used to evaluate the roles of PIGR expression in the regulation of immune response in CRC. Moreover, GSEA enrichment analysis indicated the underlying role of PIGR in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism in CRC. Taken together, our findings might provide a new potential prognostic and immune-associated biomarker for CRC and supply a new destination for PIGR-related immunotherapy in clinical treatment.
The Value of Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enhancement in the Differential Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Combined Hepatocellular Cholangiocarinoma
Authors: Lu Lun , Zhang ChenCai , Yu Xian , Zhang Ling , Feng YaYuan , Wu YuXian , Xia JinJu , Chen Xue , Zhang RuiPing , Zhang Juan , Jia Ningyang , Zhang SiSi
Published: September 2022

Background. The distinction between combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before the operation has an important clinical significance for optimizing the treatment plan and predicting the prognosis of patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in the preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of primary liver malignant tumors. Purpose. The aim is to study the value of preoperative clinical data and enhanced MRI in the differential diagnosis of HCC and cHCC-CC and obtain independent risk factors for predicting cHCC-CC. Study type. Retrospective. Population. The clinical and imaging data of 157 HCC and 59 cHCC-CC patients confirmed by pathology were collected. Field Strength/Sequence. 1.5T; cross-sectional T1WI (gradient double echo sequence); cross-sectional T2WI (fast spin echo sequence, fat suppression); enhancement (3D LAVA technology). Assessment. The differences between the HCC and cHCC-CC patients were compared. Statistic Tests. Using the t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis,

P
<
0.05

was considered statistically significant. Result. 1. CHCC-CC was more likely to show multiple lesions than HCC (28.81% vs. 10.83%,

P
=
0.001

) and more prone to microvascular invasion (MVI) (36.31% vs. 61.02%,

P
<
0.001

). However, HCC had a higher incidence of liver cirrhosis than cHCC-CC (50.85% vs. 72.61%,

P
=
0.003

). 2. The incidence of nonsmooth margin was higher in the cHCC-CC group (84.75% vs. 52.23%,

P
<
0.001

). The incidence of peritumor enhancement in the arterial phase was higher in the cHCC-CC group (11.46% vs. 62.71%,

P
<
0.001

) 3. According to the multivariate analysis, arterial peritumor enhancement (OR = 8.833,95%CI:4.033,19.346,

P
<
0.001

) was an independent risk factor for cHCC-CC (

P
<
0.001

)). It had high sensitivity (62.71%) and specificity (88.54%) in the diagnosis of cHCC-CC. Date Conclusions. Liver cirrhosis and the imaging findings of GD-DTPA-enhanced MRI are helpful for the differential diagnosis of HCC and cHCC-CC. In addition, the imaging sign of peritumoral enhancement in the arterial phase has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cHCC-CC.
COVID‐19 Semantic Pneumonia Segmentation and Classification Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Abdulaal Mohammed J. , Mehedi Ibrahim M. , Abusorrah Abdullah M. , Aljohani Abdulah Jeza , Milyani Ahmad H. , Rana Md. Masud , Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a pandemic. The seriousness of COVID‐19 can be realized from the number of victims worldwide and large number of deaths. This paper presents an efficient deep semantic segmentation network (DeepLabv3Plus). Initially, the dynamic adaptive histogram equalization is utilized to enhance the images. Data augmentation techniques are then used to augment the enhanced images. The second stage builds a custom convolutional neural network model using several pretrained ImageNet models and compares them to repeatedly trim the best‐performing models to reduce complexity and improve memory efficiency. Several experiments were done using different techniques and parameters. Furthermore, the proposed model achieved an average accuracy of 99.6% and an area under the curve of 0.996 in the COVID‐19 detection. This paper will discuss how to train a customized smart convolutional neural network using various parameters on a set of chest X‐rays with an accuracy of 99.6%.
Multiple Dimensional Encoding/Modulation Shift-and-Addition Design for Distributed Systems
Authors: Dai Mingjun , Zhang Chanting , Hong Zhaoyan , Wawrzyński Paweł , Trzciński Tomasz , Lin Xiaohui
Published: September 2022

In distributed computing/storage/machine learning system, the method of encoding and decoding combing shift-and-addition (SA) and zigzag decoding (ZD) is proposed to solve the problem of high computational complexity. However, in each encoded packet, one element takes part in the encoding only once, so the obtained overhead is extremely high. In this work, based on the idea of multidimensional encoding/modulation, we propose to employ one element of the encoding process multiple times when constructing one encoded packet based on the Cauchy matrix, thereby leveraging the favourable properties of the code based on Cauchy matrix. The overhead is reduced from square to logarithmic in certain parameters. Compared with the overhead of the existing square computational complexity, it is greatly reduced.
Efficacy and Safety of Oxybuprocaine Hydrochloride Gel in Alleviating Pain during Male Urethral Catheterization: A Single-Center Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Dong Zhenkun , Qu Xutong , Zhang Lu , Chen Xueting , Dong Yuhang , Chen Hui , Cui Yan
Published: September 2022

Background. The purpose of this study was to determine whether oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel could alleviate pain during male catheterization. Methods. Between September 2021 and March 2022, a randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Urology Department of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital (China). A total of 192 adult male patients requiring catheterization were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups: 96 in the test group and 96 in the control group. The test group included patients who received oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel as urethral lubricant, while patients in the control group received liquid paraffin. The preoperative and postoperative pain scores were compared using nonparametric tests. Results. At the baseline, there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in preoperative pain scores between the test group (mean ± SD = 20.04 ± 2.68 mm) and the control group (mean ± SD = 20.21 ± 3.23 mm) (p=0.694). Postoperative pain scores increased significantly in the test (mean ± SD = 31.98 ± 2.57 mm,p<0.001) and control groups (mean ± SD = 38.96 ± 2.02 mm,p<0.001) groups. Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the test group (mean ± SD = 31.98 ± 2.57 mm) than those in the control group (mean ± SD = 38.96 ± 2.02 mm (p<0.001). Conclusions. The use of oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel significantly reduced pain during male urethral catheterization. The study provides evidence for clinicians to use oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel during male catheterization.
Integrated Experimental Approach, Phytochemistry, and Network Pharmacology to Explore the Potential Mechanisms of Cinnamomi Ramulus for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhang Qing , Chen Yuanyuan , Wang Lingyu , Tao Ting , Ren Qiang , Chen Xiuping , Chen Yunhui
Published: September 2022

Cinnamomi Ramulus (CR) has been extensively used as a remedy for inflammatory diseases in China. This study adopted an integrative approach of experimental research, phytochemistry, and network pharmacology to investigate its alleviative effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the underlying potential mechanisms. CR extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and methotrexate (MTX) significantly ameliorated RA symptoms in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. They also reduced paw volume, arthritis index, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-6, and IL-1β), and oxidative damage. Sixty-three compounds were systematically identified as the basic components of CR. Fifty-five common genes obtained from compounds and GEO databases were employed to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Among them, 20 hub genes were identified via the cytoHubba. Enrichment analysis of the common genes indicated that the TNF signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway might be the potential key pathways. Moreover, molecular docking methods confirmed the high affinity between the top 10 bioactive components of CR and the top 10 targets. In addition, in vitro results showed that CR extract (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/mL) inhibited inflammation and oxidative damage in MH7A cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In summary, this study adopted multiple approaches to elucidate the protective effect and potential mechanisms of CR on RA, indicating that CR might be a promising herbal candidate for further investigation of RA treatment.
To Explore the Diagnostic Value of Bulbocavernosus Muscle Reflex and Pudendal Somatosensory Evoked Potentials for Diabetic Neurogenic Bladder
Authors: Nan Ning , Chen Qi , Chong Tie
Published: September 2022

Objective. To explore the diagnostic value of bulbocavernosus muscle reflex and pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials for diabetic neurogenic bladder. Methods. From January 2021 to December 2021, 104 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to the hospital were recruited, with 57 allocated to the case group and 47 to the control group. Outcome measures included bulbocavernosus muscle response, pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials, and bladder residual urine volume. The connection of bulbocavernosus muscle response and pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials with bladder residual urine volume was investigated using the Pearson analysis. Results. In both males and females, the latency of the left and right bulbocavernosus muscle reflexes in the case group was longer than in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (

P
>
0.05

), and the wave amplitude of the left and right bulbocavernosus muscle reflexes was significantly smaller than that of the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The diabetic neurogenic bladder was associated with a significantly longer latency and a smaller wave amplitude of pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials versus without neurogenic bladder (

P
<
0.05

). Patients with a diabetic neurogenic bladder had more residual bladder urine volume versus those without (

P
<
0.05

). Bladder residual urine volume was significantly positively correlated with bulbocavernosus muscle reflex and pudendal somatosensory evoked potential latency and negatively correlated with wave amplitude (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The bulbocavernosus muscle reflex and pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials demonstrate great potential as adjuncts to diagnose diabetic neurogenic bladder and correlate with ultrasound results in determining bladder function in patients.
Research on Algorithms for Multi-Vector Attitude Determination
Authors: Liu Yilin , Yu Ruihang , Xiong Zhiming , Guo Yan
Published: September 2022

Various attitude estimation methods are based on an optimization problem posed in 1965 by Grace Wahba, which is called Wahba’s problem in the field of attitude estimation. As a key for attitude determination, many different algorithms for minimizing Wahba’s loss function have been proposed in the past 60 years. Among the most representative are Quaternion Estimator (QUEST), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and Fast Optimal Attitude Matrix (FOAM), which are briefly introduced in this research paper, and new algorithms proposed in recent years such as Fast Linear Quaternion Attitude Estimator (FLAE), are also included. The calculation principle and derivation process are given in the article, and simulation under high noise conditions for algorithms mentioned has been completed. Finally, several practical engineering applications related to Wahba’s problem are introduced and the future development trend of attitude estimation is discussed.
Facial Expression Recognition Using a Novel Modeling of Combined Gray Local Binary Pattern
Authors: Ton-That An H. , Cao Nhan T.
Published: September 2022

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is an active research field at present. Deep learning is a good method that is widely used in this field but it has extreme hardware requirements and it is hard to apply in normal terminal devices. So, many other methods are being researched to apply FER in such devices and systems. This work proposes fresh modeling of Combined Gray Local Binary Pattern (CGLBP) for extracting features in facial expression recognition to enhance the recognition rate that can apply FER in the kind of devices and systems. The work included the main steps such as the technique of cropping an input face image from a camera or dataset, the approach of dividing face images into nonoverlap regions for extracting LBP features, applying the fresh modeling of Combined Gray Local Binary Pattern (CGLBP) for extracting features, using uniform feature to reduce the lengths of descriptors, and finally using Support Vector Machine (SVM) for emotion classification. Four popular facial emotion datasets are used in experiments and their results demonstrate that the recognition rate of the proposed method is better in comparison with two types of existent features: Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Combined Local Binary Pattern (CLBP). The accuracy of experiments performed on four facial expression datasets with different sizes is from about 95% to more than 99%.
Blockchain Framework for Secure COVID-19 Pandemic Data Handling and Protection
Authors: Dar Arshad Ahmad , Alam Malik Zaib , Ahmad Adeel , Reegu Faheem Ahmad , Rahin Saima Ahmed
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 pandemic caused global epidemic infections, which is one of the most severe infections in human medical history. In the absence of proper medications and vaccines, handling the pandemic has been challenging for governments and major health facilities. Additionally, tracing COVID-19 cases and handling data generated from the pandemic are also extremely challenging. Data privacy access and collection are also a challenge when handling COVID-19 data. Blockchain technology provides various features such as decentralization, anonymity, cryptographic security, smart contracts, and a distributed framework that allows users and entities to handle COVID-19 data better. Since the outbreak has made the moral crisis in the clinical and administrative centers worse than any other that has resulted in the decline in the supply of the exact information, however, it is vital to provide fast and accurate insight into the situation. As a result of all these concerns, this study emphasizes the need for COVID-19 data processing to acquire aspects such as data security, data integrity, real-time data handling, and data management to provide patients with all benefits from which they had been denied owing to misinformation. Hence, the management of COVID-19 data through the use of the blockchain framework is crucial. Therefore, this paper illustrates how blockchain technology can be implemented in the COVID-19 data handling process. The paper also proposes a framework with three main layers: data collection layer; data access and privacy layer; and data storage layer.
HBV Promotes the Proliferation of Liver Cancer Cells through the hsa_circ_0000847/miR-135a Pathway
Authors: Lin Jianjun , Lian Xiang , Xue Shihang , Ouyang Lian , Zhou Lihui , Lu Yuyang , Xie Longteng
Published: September 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently one of the most common tumors, with a high morbidity and mortality rate. HCC induced by persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common liver cancer subtype at present, and HBV-related HCC is highly malignant and its development mechanism still needs to be explored in depth. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of hsa_circ_0000847 targeting miR-135a-5p (miR-135a) to regulate the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of liver cancer cells. The study found that the expression level of hsa_circ_0000847 in liver cancer tissues and cells was significantly increased, while the expression level of miR-135a was significantly decreased. Hsa_circ_0000847 promoted the proliferation of liver cancer cells and elevated the expression of the proliferation-related protein. In addition, hsa_circ_0000847 could promote the invasion of HBV-infected liver cancer cells and inhibit the cell apoptosis of liver cancer cells. At the same time, it significantly promoted the expression of antiapoptotic proteins and inhibited the expression of proapoptotic protein. Interestingly, the dual luciferase experiment proved that hsa_circ_0000847 directly targeted miR-135a. On the other hand, the combined effect of hsa_circ_0000847 and miR-135a further illustrated the effect of hsa_circ_0000847 on the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of liver cancer cells. In addition, further experiments have also found that HBV could promote the expression of p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK through the hsa_circ_0000847/miR-135a axis, thereby further activating the MAPK pathway. In short, HBV promotes the proliferation and invasion of liver cancer cells and inhibits apoptosis by regulating the hsa_circ_0000847/miR-135a pathway, which provided a theoretical basis for effective treatment of HBV-infected liver cancers.
[Retracted] Reducing Complications and Enhancing the Functional Outcome of Total Hip Arthroplasty without Increasing Operation Time by Repairing Posterolateral Soft Tissues
Authors: Wei Zhihui , Zhang Minghua , Xie Bo , He Chao , Zhao Bo , Jiang Lian
Published: September 2022

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgeries are increasing annually. Despite continuous improvements in the surgical technique and prosthetic design, there is still no consensus on whether it is beneficial to reconstruct the posterolateral soft tissue. This paper systematically reviews randomized controlled trials (RCTs) addressing the efficacy and safety of posterolateral soft tissue during total hip replacement to provide evidence‐based guidance for clinical practice. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases for RCTs. Experimental results show that repair of the posterolateral soft tissue can reduce complications and improve the function of total hip arthroplasty without increasing operative time.
Optimality and Duality of Approximate Quasi Weakly Efficient Solution for Nonsmooth Vector Optimization Problems
Authors: Li Wenjing , Yu Guolin
Published: September 2022

This paper aims at studying optimality conditions and duality theorems of an approximate quasi weakly efficient solution for a class of nonsmooth vector optimization problems (VOP). First, a necessary optimality condition to the problem (VOP) is established by using the Clarke subdifferential. Second, the concept of approximate pseudo quasi type-I function is introduced, and under its hypothesis, a sufficient optimality condition to the problem (VOP) is also obtained. Finally, the approximate Mond–Weir dual model of the problem (VOP) is presented, and then, weak, strong, and converse duality theorems are established.
A Fuzzy‐Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing Servitization Transformation Performance in Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Liao Chengjun , Xiang Ziwei , Li Yuhua , Li Zhenyu
Published: September 2022

The development of manufacturing industry affects the operation of Chinese economy, and it is necessary to study the possible configuration paths of servitization transformation to support sustainable development. Based on previous studies of manufacturing servitization transformation, it is extended to explore multifactor combinations which affects servitization transformation performance. This paper constructs technology‐organization‐environment (TOE) framework of servitization transformation performance evaluation and uses fuzzy‐set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method to analyze the key factors and mechanism of servitization transformation with the data of 28 Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The results reveal that the six major factors are not the necessary conditions, and single‐factor cannot effectively promote servitization transformation of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. There are four configurations which can be divided into three paths to improve servitization transformation performance. Based on the results of analysis, it proposes strategies to promote the development of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, such as developing targeted servitization strategies, enhancing technology development, and improving technology applications. The findings reveal the mechanism of multiple factors behind the evolution of manufacturing servitization transformation and take useful suggestions for the high‐level development of Chinese manufacturing enterprises.
Saliency Detection via Fusing Color Contrast and Hash Fingerprint
Authors: Lv Yin , Zhang Xuanrui , Wang Yong
Published: September 2022

Saliency detection is a technique for automatically extracting regions of interest from the background and has been widely used in the computer vision field. This study proposes a simple and effective saliency detection method combining color contrast and hash fingerprint. In our solution, the input image is segmented into nonoverlapping superpixels, so as to perform the saliency detection at the region level to reduce computational complexity. A background optimization selection is used to construct an accurate background template. Based on this, a saliency map that highlights the whole salient region is obtained by estimating color contrast. Besides, another saliency map that enhances the salient region while restraining the background is also generated through hash fingerprint matching. Ultimately, the final saliency map can be obtained by fusing the two saliency maps. Comparing the performance with other methods, the proposed algorithm works better even in the presence of complex background or very large salient regions.
Deformation Analysis and Research of Building Envelope by Deep Learning Technology under the Reinforcement of the Diaphragm Wall
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Zhao Qihua
Published: September 2022

The safety analysis of underground buildings is the most crucial problem in the construction industry. This work aims to optimize the safety analysis results of the underground building envelope and comprehensively improve the safety of the underground building. Long short-term memory (LSTM) can make long-term and short-term predictions, thus reducing the model’s prediction error. Applying it to the deformation analysis, data prediction of the underground building envelope can improve the accuracy of the deformation prediction of the envelope. This work deeply discusses deep learning technology and the principle of the LSTM model. Based on the safety analysis concept of the underground building envelope, LSTM underground building envelope deformation’s prediction model is established and comprehensively evaluated. The results show that in the prediction of horizontal displacement of foundation pit pile of diaphragm wall, the mean relative error (MRE) of the prediction results of the designed model range in 10%–18%, and the calculation time ranges 15–36 s. In the settlement displacement prediction, the model’s MRE is within the range of 5%–7%, and the calculation time is within the range of 17–40 s. With the increase of training times, the prediction accuracy of the model increases, and the calculation time becomes relatively stable. Compared with other models, the relative error of prediction results is about 5.4% at the highest and 1.8% at the lowest. This work provides technical support for improving the safety prediction accuracy of the underground building envelope and provides some reference value for the comprehensive development of the underground building industry.
Exploring the Temporal Correlation of Sarcopenia with Bone Mineral Density and the Effects of Osteoblast-Derived Exosomes on Myoblasts through an Oxidative Stress–Related Gene
Authors: Chen Jingsong , Shen Jie , Yang Xili , Tan Huiting , Yang Ronghua , Mo Cuiying , Wang Ying , Luan Xiaojun , Huang Wenhua , Chen Guoqiang , Xu Xuejuan
Published: September 2022

Sarcopenia is an age-related accelerated loss of muscle strength and mass. Bone and muscle are closely related as they are physically adjacent, and bone can influence muscle. However, the temporal association between bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle mass in different regions of the body after adjustment for potential indicators and the mechanisms by which bone influences muscle in sarcopenia remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the temporal association between muscle mass and BMD in different regions of the body and mechanisms by which bone regulates muscle in sarcopenia. Here, cross-lagged models were utilized to analyze the temporal association between BMD and muscle mass. We found that low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) positively predicted appendicular lean mass. Mean whole-body BMD (WBTOT BMD), lumbar spine BMD (LS BMD), and pelvic BMD (PELV BMD) temporally and positively predicted appendicular lean mass, and appendicular lean mass temporally and positively predicted WBTOT BMD, LS BMD, and PELV BMD. Moreover, this study revealed that primary mice femur osteoblasts, but not primary mice skull osteoblasts, induced differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts through exosomes. Furthermore, the level of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) taurine upregulated 1 (TUG1) was decreased, and the level of lncRNA differentiation antagonizing nonprotein coding RNA (DANCR) was increased in skull osteoblast–derived exosomes, the opposite of femur osteoblast–secreted exosomes. In addition, lncRNA TUG1 enhanced and lncRNA DANCR suppressed the differentiation of myoblasts through regulating the transcription of oxidative stress–related myogenin (Myog) gene by modifying the binding of myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) to the Myog gene promoter via affecting the nuclear translocation of Myf5. The results of the present study may provide novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for sarcopenia.
Remote Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients Using Multisensor Body Area Network Innovative System
Authors: Al-Barazanchi Israa , Hashim Wahidah , Ahmed Alkahtani Ammar , Rasheed Abdulshaheed Haider , Muwafaq Gheni Hassan , Murthy Aparna , daghighi Elika , Shawkat Shihab A. , Jaaz Zahraa A.
Published: September 2022

As of late 2019, the COVID19 pandemic has been causing huge concern around the world. Such a pandemic posed serious threats to public safety, the well-being of healthcare workers, and the overall health of the population. If automation can be implemented in healthcare systems, patients could be better cared for and health industries could be less burdened. To combat such challenges, e-health requires apps and intelligent systems. Using WBAN sensors and networks, a doctor or medical professional can advise patients on the best course of action. Patients’ fitness could be assessed using WBAN sensors without interfering with their daily activities. When designing a monitoring system, system performance reliability for competent healthcare is critical. Existing research has failed to create a large device capable of handling a large network or to improve WBAN topologies for fast transmitting and receiving patient data. As a result, in this research, we create a multisensor WBAN (MSWBAN) intelligent system for transmitting and receiving critical patient data. To gather information from all cluster nodes and send it to multisensor WBAN, a novel additive distance-threshold routing protocol (ADTRP) is proposed. In small networks where data are managed by the transmitting node and the best data route is determined, this protocol has less redundancy. An edge-cutting-based routing optimization (ES-EC-R ES-EC-RO) is used to find the best route. The Trouped blowfish MD5 (TB-MD5) algorithm is used to encrypt and decrypt data, and the encrypted data are stored in a cloud database for security. The performance metrics of our proposed model are compared to current techniques for the best results. End-to-end latency is 63 ms, packet delivery is 95%, security is 95.7%, and throughput is 9120 bps, according to the results. The purpose of this article is to encourage engineers and front-line workers to develop digital health systems for tracking and controlling virus outbreaks.
Optimization of Extraction of Compound Flavonoids from Chinese Herbal Medicines Based on Quantification Theory and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Yang Xu , Cao Dongli , Ji Haiyu , Feng Yingying , Yu Juan , Liu Anjun
Published: September 2022

Plant-derived flavonoids have been attracting increasing research interest because of their multiple health promoting effects, where numerous investigations were carried out on the optimization of extraction and bioactivities. This study aims to optimize the extraction process of compound flavonoids (CFs) from Chinese herbal medicines and detect their antioxidant activity in vitro. CFs were extracted from the raw materials named “medicine food homology,” composed of hawthorn, lotus leaf, tartary buckwheat, cassia seed, Lycium barbarum, and Poria cocos in a mass ratio of 4 :  2 :  2 :  1.5 :  1 :  1. L9 (34) orthogonal design, level effect and engineering average estimation, and quantification theory were utilized to improve the extraction method of CFs, and the predictive model for CFs yield was constructed. The 2,2ʹ-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2ʹ-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, and reducing power of CFs were measured. The highest CFs yield was obtained under the following extraction condition: liquid-solid ratio of 35 : 1 mL/g, extraction temperature of 75°C, extraction duration of 75 min, and extraction mode enzyme-assisted extraction. The forecasted yield was 37.62%. The result was accurate and the established prediction equation was reliable (R = 0.95). The antioxidant activity of CFs was significantly positively correlated with the concentration from 0.05 to 0.4 mg/mL. The DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities, and the reducing power of CFs were 81.82 ± 1.75%, 49.35 ± 0.09%, 89.78 ± 0.66%, and 0.232 ± 0.001 at the concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, respectively. CFs could be exploited as natural antioxidants in pharmaceuticals and functional foods.
Systemic Chemotherapies Retain Antitumor Activity in Desmoid Tumors Independent of Specific Mutations inCTNNB1orAPC: A Multi-institutional Retrospective Study
Authors: Nathenson Michael J. , Hu Junxiao , Ratan Ravin , Somaiah Neeta , Hsu Robert , DeMaria Peter J. , Catoe Heath W. , Pang Angela , Subhawong Ty K. , Amini Behrang , Sweet Kevin , Feister Katharina , Malik Karan , Jagannathan Jyothi , Braschi-Amirfarzan Marta , Sheren Jamie , Caldas Yupanqui , Moreno Tellez Cristiam , Rosenberg Andrew E. , Lazar Alexander J. , Maki Robert G. , Benedetto Pasquale , Cohen Jonathan , Trent Jonathan C. , Ravi Vinod , Patel Shreyaskumar , Wilky Breelyn A.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Determine whether specific CTNNB1 or APC mutations in patients with desmoid tumor were associated with differences in clinical responses to systemic treatments.

Experimental Design:

We established a multi-institutional dataset of previously treated patients with desmoid tumor across four U.S. sarcoma centers, including demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment regimens, and clinical and radiographic responses. CTNNB1 or APC mutation status was determined from prior pathology records, or archival tissue was requested and analyzed by Sanger sequencing and/or next-generation sequencing. Evaluable patients with mutation results were analyzed to determine clinical progression-free survival (cPFS), RECIST 1.1 PFS (rPFS), time to next treatment (TTNT), and overall survival (OS). Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed to identify differences in cPFS, rPFS, TTNT, and OS by mutation subtype, desmoid tumor location, and treatment regimen.

Results:

A total of 259 evaluable patients were analyzed for at least one of the survival outcomes, with 177 patients having mutation data. First- and second-line cPFS, rPFS, and TTNT were not significantly affected by mutation subtype; however, APC-mutant desmoid tumors demonstrated nonstatistically significant inferior outcomes. Extremity/trunk desmoid tumor location and treatment with doxorubicin-based, methotrexate/vinca alkaloids and sorafenib regimens were associated with better clinical outcomes compared with surgery or “other” therapies, including estrogen-receptor blockade and imatinib. OS was significantly worse with APC or CTNNB1 negative/other mutations.

Conclusions:

Mutation subtype did not affect responses to specific systemic therapies. APC mutations and nonextremity desmoid tumor locations remain prognostic for worse outcomes, and earlier initiation of systemic therapy for these higher-risk desmoid tumors should be prospectively evaluated.

See related commentary by Greene and Van Tine, p. 3911
Baseline Serum Autoantibody Signatures Predict Recurrence and Toxicity in Melanoma Patients Receiving Adjuvant Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Johannet Paul , Liu Wenke , Fenyo David , Wind-Rotolo Megan , Krogsgaard Michelle , Mehnert Janice M. , Weber Jeffrey S. , Zhong Judy , Osman Iman
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Adjuvant immunotherapy produces durable benefit for patients with resected melanoma, but many develop recurrence and/or immune-related adverse events (irAE). We investigated whether baseline serum autoantibody (autoAb) signatures predicted recurrence and severe toxicity in patients treated with adjuvant nivolumab, ipilimumab, or ipilimumab plus nivolumab.

Experimental Design:

This study included 950 patients: 565 from CheckMate 238 (408 ipilimumab versus 157 nivolumab) and 385 from CheckMate 915 (190 nivolumab versus 195 ipilimumab plus nivolumab). Serum autoAbs were profiled using the HuProt Human Proteome Microarray v4.0 (CDI Laboratories, Mayaguez, PR). Analysis of baseline differentially expressed autoAbs was followed by recurrence and severe toxicity signature building for each regimen, testing of the signatures, and additional independent validation for nivolumab using patients from CheckMate 915.

Results:

In the nivolumab independent validation cohort, high recurrence score predicted significantly worse recurrence-free survival [RFS; adjusted HR (aHR), 3.60; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.98–6.55], and outperformed a model composed of clinical variables including PD-L1 expression (P < 0.001). Severe toxicity score was a significant predictor of severe irAEs (aHR, 13.53; 95% CI, 2.59–86.65). In the ipilimumab test cohort, high recurrence score was associated with significantly worse RFS (aHR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.38–7.45) and severe toxicity score significantly predicted severe irAEs (aHR, 11.04; 95% CI, 3.84–37.25). In the ipilimumab plus nivolumab test cohort, high autoAb recurrence score was associated with significantly worse RFS (aHR, 6.45; 95% CI, 1.48–28.02), and high severe toxicity score was significantly associated with severe irAEs (aHR, 23.44; 95% CI, 4.10–212.50).

Conclusions:

Baseline serum autoAb signatures predicted recurrence and severe toxicity in patients treated with adjuvant immunotherapy. Prospective testing of the signatures that include datasets with longer follow-up and rare but more severe toxicities will help determine their generalizability and potential clinical utility.

See related commentary by Hassel and Luke, p. 3914
Randomized Phase II Study of Physiologic MRI-Directed Adaptive Radiation Boost in Poor Prognosis Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Mierzwa Michelle L. , Aryal Madhava , Lee Choonik , Schipper Matthew , VanTil Monica , Morales Krystal , Swiecicki Paul L. , Casper Keith A. , Malloy Kelly M. , Spector Matthew E. , Shuman Andrew G. , Chinn Steven B. , Prince Mark E.P. , Stucken Chaz L. , Rosko Andrew J. , Lawrence Theodore S. , Brenner J. Chad , Rosen Benjamin , Schonewolf Caitlin A. , Shah Jennifer , Eisbruch Avraham , Worden Francis P. , Cao Yue
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

We conducted a randomized phase II multicenter clinical trial to test the hypothesis that physiologic MRI-based radiotherapy (RT) dose escalation would improve the outcome of patients with poor prognosis head and neck cancer.

Patients and Methods:

MRI was acquired at baseline and at RT fraction 10 to create low blood volume/apparent diffusion coefficient maps for RT boost subvolume definition in gross tumor volume. Patients were randomized to receive 70 Gy (standard RT) or 80 Gy to the boost subvolume (RT boost) with concurrent weekly platinum. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS) with significance defined at a one-sided 0.1 level, and secondary endpoints included locoregional failure (LRF), overall survival (OS), comparison of adverse events and patient reported outcomes (PRO).

Results:

Among 81 randomized patients, neither the primary endpoint of DFS (HR = 0.849, P = 0.31) nor OS (HR = 1.19, P = 0.66) was significantly improved in the RT boost arm. However, the incidence of LRF was significantly improved with the addition of the RT boost (HR = 0.43, P = 0.047). Two-year estimates [90% confidence interval (CI)] of the cumulative incidence of LRF were 40% (27%–53%) in the standard RT arm and 18% (10%–31%) in the RT boost arm. Two-year estimates (90% CI) for DFS were 48% (34%–60%) in the standard RT arm and 57% (43%–69%) in the RT boost arm. There were no significant differences in toxicity or longitudinal differences seen in EORTC QLQ30/HN35 subscales between treatment arms in linear mixed-effects models.

Conclusions:

Physiologic MRI-based RT boost decreased LRF without a significant increase in grade 3+ toxicity or longitudinal PRO differences, but did not significantly improve DFS or OS. Additional improvements in systemic therapy are likely necessary to realize improvements in DFS and OS.
Autoantibodies as Predictors for Clinical Outcome and Toxicity for Immunotherapy
Authors: Hassel Jessica C. , Luke Jason J.
Published: September 2022

Peripheral blood autoantibody signatures might be useful biomarkers of immunotherapy outcome. Signatures predicting melanoma recurrence and toxicity during adjuvant immunotherapy were recently presented. Whether autoantibodies are bystanders or have a pathophysiologic role is unknown, and further efforts are needed to investigate potential mechanisms and determine causation.

See related article by Johannet et al., p. 4121
Risk Factors for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis in Cancer Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Peining , Zhao Xiang , Wang Guangfa
Published: September 2022

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can lead to one of the common and quite serious immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in a real-world setting, namely, checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP). Objective: We aimed to investigate the potential risk factors for CIP in cancer patients treated by ICIs and quantify the association. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from January 1, 2000, to March 20, 2022, with no study design restrictions. Studies evaluating the risk factors for CIP in cancer patients treated with ICIs-containing regimes were included. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for risk factors of CIP by using random-effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed by sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis regarding CIP severity, geographical regions, cancer types, treatment regimes, and ICI types. Results: A total of 35 studies comprising 142,703 patients were eventually included. The incidence of grade I–V and grade III–V CIP in cancer patients was 0.16 (95% CI: 0.14–0.18) and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.05–0.08), respectively. When combining the adjusted ORs, the following risk factors were significantly associated with the development of CIP: squamous cell carcinoma (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18–1.45), previous thoracic radiotherapy (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.34–3.19), preexisting radiation-induced pneumonitis (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 1.53–8.58), preexisting respiratory disease (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.45–4.07), preexisting interstitial lung disease (OR: 5.78, 95% CI: 3.08–10.85), preexisting ground glass attenuation (OR: 11.48, 95% CI: 1.13–116.74), preexisting honeycombing (OR: 6.11, 95% CI: 2.37–15.79), preexisting pulmonary emphysema (OR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.00–7.36), use of pembrolizumab (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.56–5.35, I2 = 0%), high PD-L1 expression (OR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.23–10.50), and hypoalbuminemia (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.14–0.64). When including the crude ORs, smoking history (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.14–1.71), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.08), and c-reactive protein (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.16) were also risk factors for CIP. Conclusion: Histological characteristics, specific previous lung diseases and treatment history, treatment regimen, PD-L1 expression level, and serological biomarkers are all closely associated with the development of CIP. These findings would be useful for oncologists to optimize the appropriate options of ICIs and close monitoring during immunotherapy treatments, particularly for patients identified as having a higher risk for CIP.
Myeloid Response to Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Nash William T. , Yee Marissa S. , Okusa Mark D.
Published: September 2022

Background: Myeloid cells form an important element of the response to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). While the mononuclear phagocyte system is complex and difficult to study, our knowledge of the cells involved and their impacts has been steadily increasing. However, there is still need to rigorously define and separate the functions of discreet myeloid populations in the kidney. The relatively recent distinction between resident macrophages and infiltrating monocytes in the kidney is an important advance that will enhance our understanding of the various roles of distinct myeloid populations, but specific tools are needed to rigorously define the contributions of each to injury, repair, and the transition to chronic disease. Summary: Resident macrophages in the kidney form a network with various supportive roles during development and homeostasis. While the classification of these cells has been frequently convoluted in the literature, evidence for their roles during injury and repair is starting to accumulate. Current indications suggest they may have a minimal role during injury processes but may be important during the recovery phase. However, their involvement may also be dependent on their activation state in response to environmental cues. Investigations of the M1/M2 phenotype of myeloid cells have shed some light on the phenotypes that contribute to the manifestation of injury and/or recovery, but it is still difficult to form detailed conclusions. Here we will discuss the potential involvement of resident cells in these processes and the use of the M1/M2 system for defining the myeloid response following IRI. Key Messages: There is a need for additional specific analysis of the contribution of resident versus recruited myeloid cells to injury, recovery, and chronic disease in the kidney. In addition, the contribution of myeloid activation states that extend beyond simple M1/M2 classification is an important area that needs close attention. Our ability to assess resident cells is growing, and awareness of the shortcoming of the M1/M2 system is also increasing. These are promising developments which bode well for the future of kidney injury and disease research.