bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial variability of pores in oxidic latosol under a conservation management system with different gypsium doses
Authors: Carducci Carla Eloize , Oliveira Geraldo César , Curi Nilton , Rossoni Diogo Francisco , Costa Alisson Lucrécio , Heck Richard Jonh
Published: October 2014

Soil structure is modify when subjected to the agricultural process, i.e., a new spatial organization of the pores system is formed, with relation to the physical quality of it. Thus the aim of this work was to visualize and quantify, through X-ray CT scan, the pores distribution in an oxidic Latosol submitted to a conservation management system with different gypsum doses. Three random trenches were dug lengthwise along the plant row in a very clayey gibbsitic dystrophic Red Latosol, subjected to the following gypsum levels: G0: absence of gypsum; G7: 7 Mg ha-1 and G28: 28 Mg ha-1 of additional gypsum, applied to the surface of the plant row. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in plexiglass tubes at depths of 0.20-0.34, 0.80-0.94 and 1.50-1.64 m after six years of coffee cultivation for quantification of 3D pores obtained by X-ray CT scan. The spatial variability of the soil structure was evaluated by semivariograms generated by 3D images in grayscale. Distribution of the detectable pore diameter was conducted by data mining. Statistical analyzes employed packages 'geoR' to semivariogram and 'randomForest' for data mining in R language. A greater spatial continuity of the pores occurred in the G7 at the three depths. The combined effects of the management system promoted a greater spatial variability of the soil structure in the G28 treatment. Based on geostatistical analyses, it can be infer that the adoption of the system under study promoted changes in the pore network in all directions (X, Y and Z), however with better pores continuity in the vertical direction(Z).
Water retention and s index of an oxisol subjected to weed control methods in a coffee crop
Authors: Siqueira Raphael Henrique da Silva , Ferreira Mozart Martins , Alcântara Elifas Nunes de , Silva Bruno Montoani , Silva Raphael Comanducci
Published: October 2014

Weed control in different crops affects the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil and consequently its structural quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate, using water retention characteristics and the S index, the physical quality of an Oxisol (Red-Yellow Latosol), subjected to weed control during the cultivation of coffee. The following weed control methods were evaluated: harrowing, brushcutting, residue crushing, manual weeding, post-emergence herbicide application, pre-emergence herbicide application, and maintenance of soil cover with peanut forage, Brachiaria grass, and spontaneous vegetation (no weed treatment). The following properties were determined for physical characterization of the soil: bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, water retention, and the S index. The weed control method significantly affected the physical properties and water retention in the subsurface layer of the Oxisol. Soil bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, and microporosity were significantly correlated with the S index. According to the S index, the physical quality of the soil was classified as very good for the various weed control methods investigated.
Antioxidant activity, anthocyanins and organic acids content of grape juices produced in Southwest of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Vilas Boas Ana Carolina , Henrique Paôla de Castro , Lima Luiz Carlos de Oliveira , Decarlos Neto Antônio
Published: October 2014

Phenolic compounds and anthocyanins content in grape juices varies in the cultivar, ripening and climate characteristics. The objective of this work was to characterize and evaluate antioxidant activity of grape juices produced in southwestern Minas Gerais. Grapes were harvested, sanitized and the juices from cultivars 'Bordô', 'Isabel Precoce', 'BRS Violeta' and 'BRS Rúbea' were produced in artisanal equipment by steam extraction and stored for 120 days. The following analyzes were performed during storage: color (L *), pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, anthocyanins, antioxidant activity (DPPH and β-caroteno/linoleic acid), total phenolics, vitamin C and organic acids. Among the cultivars evaluated, the consumption of grape juice from cultivar 'BRS Violeta' is suggested due to its higher content of vitamin C, antioxidant activity, total phenolics, anthocyanins, and also due to a better physicochemical characteristic showed, when compared to the juices of the other cultivars.
Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages
Authors: Martins Adriana de Souza , Oliveira Juliane Ribeiro de , Lederer Marili Lopes , Moletta José Luís , Galetto Shivelly Los , Pedrosa Victor Breno
Published: October 2014

Due to the seasonal cycle of forage, the use of silage to feed animals provides nutrients throughout the year. However, its quality can be improved with the inclusion of additives and other products. Glycerol is a rich source of energy and present a high efficiency of utilization by animals. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of glycerol inclusion on the chemical and fermentation characteristics of corn and sunflower silages. Two silage sources (maize and sunflower) were used and four levels of glycerol inclusion (0, 15, 30 and 45%) based on dry matter were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with five replications. The pH values and chemical composition of corn and sunflower silages were determined. In both silages there was increment of dry matter, non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients (TDN) added to a reduction of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber due to the glycerol inclusion. The corn silage required 45% glycerol to achieve the TDN level of the sunflower silage. The glycerol addition contributed to the increase in the nutritional value, offsetting loss of quality in the ensiling process.
La universidad en la sociedad del conocimiento: hacia un modelo de producción y transferencia de conocimientos y aprendizajes
Authors: Takayanagui Axel Didriksson
Published: October 2014

En este trabajo se argumenta sobre la urgente transformación de las políticas públicas y universitarias, de la investigación científica y tecnológica, en el contexto de una sociedad del conocimiento, con el fin de propiciar procesos sustentables de cognición, que pongan en el centro el desarrollo de capacidades para la investigación desde el contexto de su aplicación, y que haga posible dar un salto de calidad para transitar del actual modelo de educación y de universidad Modo 1, de tipo disciplinar, profesionalizante, lineal, centrado en la difusión de un conocimiento reiterado y repetitivo, hacia uno en donde la multiplicación de medios de aprendizaje hagan posible la indagación y el aprendizaje que construye soluciones centrado en la producción de conocimientos.
Tecnociência, pensamento e formação na educação superior
Authors: Goergen Pedro
Published: October 2014

Este ensaio tem o propósito de refletir sobre a relação entre conhecimento, pensamento e formação, no contexto da educação superior. Ponto de partida é a relevância do uso intensivo da ciência e tecnologia para a vida social, política e econômica na sociedade contemporânea. Dentre as principais instituições encarregadas de desenvolver e difundir conhecimento e tecnologia encontram-se aquelas da área de educação superior. Elas assumem cada vez mais o discurso do conhecimento instrumental, útil e mercadológico, sem considerar seu lado controverso e obscuro, em termos sociais e históricos. Neste mesmo movimento, relegam a um segundo plano sua tarefa crítico-reflexiva e formativa das novas gerações. Pretendo chamar a atenção para esta realidade, defendendo a tese de que o pensamento crítico-transgressor é essencial ao processo formativo. E, em termos práticos, fundamental, também, da formação de docentes e estudantes.
Las TIC, el proceso del conocimiento y las competencias docentes
Authors: Perez Lindo Augusto
Published: October 2014

En el marco del Seminario Internacional "Formación y conocimiento" organizado por la Universidad de Sorocaba presentamos un análisis de los efectos de las TICs en los procesos del conocimiento. Tratamos de demostrar que esos efectos se producen en varias direcciones: cambios en la visión de la realidad, de la subjetividad, del lenguaje, de los paradigmas, de las relaciones sociales. Propone fortalecer competencias adecuadas al cambio de paradigma, como la capacidad para seleccionar e interpretar informaciones, la capacidad para pensar científicamente, la capacidad para comunicar, la capacidad para convivir, la capacidad para dominar varios lenguajes.
Universidad, sociedad y conocimiento: reflexiones para el debate
Authors: Fernández Lamarra Norberto
Published: October 2014

El artículo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre la relación actual entre universidad, sociedad y políticas del conocimiento en Latinoamérica. Para ello, parte de considerar la situación pasada y presente de la educación superior en la región pero a la vez plantea sus interrogantes mirando hacia el futuro de los niños y jóvenes que hoy transitan las aulas de los sistemas educativos. Se consideran 4 ejes de análisis: "la Universidad que América Latina hubiese tenido", "la Universidad que tenemos", "Universidad y sociedad: su democratización" y "Universidad y conocimiento: la innovación". A través de ellos, y partiendo de un diagnóstico de la situación actual de los sistemas educativos en la región, sus mandatos fundacionales y sus promesas aún no cumplidas, se postula la necesidad de innovar. A modo de ejemplo, se plantea una reflexión a partir de los primeros resultados de una investigación desarrollada por el NIFEDE (UNTREF) sobre la innovación en las universidades públicas en Argentina. El artículo concluye con algunas propuestas para una nueva Universidad en América Latina que se plantean en dos dimensiones. En primer lugar, una serie de desafíos que deben enfrentar las políticas para la educación superior en la región y en segundo lugar los desafíos que deben enfrentar las propias instituciones de nivel superior para que esas políticas logren los resultados que la Sociedad del Conocimiento hoy demanda a la Universidad.
Do estado da universidade: metida num sarcófago ou no Leito de Procrustes?
Authors: Bento Jorge Olímpio
Published: October 2014

Este ensaio chama a atenção para a grave doença que atingiu a Universidade nos nossos dias. O recurso à metáfora do 'sarcófago' e do 'Leito de Procrustes' visa: acentuar o facto de que a Universidade está a abandonar a sua missão tradicional e a sofrer transformações perigosas; expressar a esperança de que ela se liberte das forças que a constrangem e consiga ressuscitar numa forma nova. Com efeito, a Universidade está sendo capturada pela ideologia, pelo pensamento, pela terminologia e pelos interesses do neoliberalismo e do mercado. Consequentemente, ela perde autonomia e voz e deixa de ter identidade, linguagem e pensamento próprios. Em vez de ser uma instituição ao serviço da Humanidade, da sociedade, da cultura, da democracia e da liberdade, a Universidade torna-se um fator e instrumento de propagação das doutrinas e receitas dos potentados financeiros e 'mercadológicos'. Tudo isto é bem visível no 'reformismo' e nas orientações da sua reorganização e governação, na oferta e no perfil dos seus cursos. Tal como o mercado, a Universidade já não oferece nada; só vende. Assim, a Universidade é cúmplice e corresponsável pela crise civilizacional, cultural, ética, moral e social que grassa no mundo. Em conclusão, a Universidade está a tornar-se uma instituição humana e socialmente irrelevante, sem capacidade de irradiar influências exemplares e positivas. Para reverter a situação, os protagonistas da Universidade têm que a tirar do 'sarcófago' ou do 'Leito de Procrustes', no qual, por ação ou omissão, a deixaram aprisionar.
Brasil, terra de contrastes
Authors: Marques Waldemar
Published: October 2014

Este artigo analisa os contrastes que marcam a sociedade brasileira no seu evoluir histórico. Desde os contrastes resultantes do meio natural até os contrastes sócio econômicos e culturais, o artigo destaca a educação, em todos os seus níveis, enquanto uma das dimensões constitutivas da sociedade brasileira excludente desde os seus primórdios; as relações entre a universidade e a educação básica, bem como a formação de professores são aqui tratadas. O artigo vincula o processo social excludente às formas de poder no âmbito do estado brasileiro, em que as políticas se apresentam mais como políticas de governo do que políticas de estado, descontínuas.
Conhecimento em educação: um olhar desde o estudo sobre redes de pesquisa e colaboração ou os sapatos da educação
Authors: Leite Denise
Published: October 2014

Os grupos de pesquisa acadêmicos formam redes que conectam pessoas, instituições, agências, empresas, cujas relações partilhadas em um período de tempo têm a finalidade de produzir conhecimento. Assim, produzir conhecimento em colaboração, escrever e publicar em coautoria são parte das atividades dos pesquisadores que trabalham em redes originadas em um ou mais grupos de pesquisa acadêmicos. Tal atividade vem sendo perscrutada através da análise de redes sociais (ARS), uma área de estudos e uma técnica de investigação, um conjunto de teorias, modelos e aplicações seriamente envolvido com a alteração de padrões nas formas de produzir conhecimentos e consequentemente com as interações e inter-relações que afetam as pessoas ao produzirem conhecimentos em rede. Ao estudar avaliação de redes de pesquisa e colaboração, pesquisa apoiada pelo CNPq, algumas peculiaridades sobre a produção de conhecimento em Educação, vista em contraste com outras áreas de conhecimento, foram detectadas e são apresentadas e discutidas neste texto.
Aprendizagem da docência em espaços institucionais: é possível fazer avançar o campo da formação de professores?
Authors: Cunha Maria Isabel da
Published: October 2014

A formação de professores tem sido um tema universalmente recorrente de estudos e reflexões. Talvez sejam dos temas mais abordados nas pesquisas do campo das ciências da educação. Constitui-se numa possibilidade inesgotável e sempre revisitada, dado que acompanha as visões e transformações sociais, culturais e econômicas da sociedade. Como a docência se caracteriza como uma profissão aninhada socialmente e atingida por valores políticos e culturais, se produz na dependência das compreensões que orientam os projetos educativos contextualizados. Há algum tempo, dada a fragilidade dos formatos tradicionais, caracterizados pela perspectiva exógena, a formação de professores vem reivindicando sua volta para o seio da profissão, valorizando a relação educação e trabalho e a potencialização da experiência dos sujeitos na sua própria formação, característica básica da aprendizagem dos adultos. Não mais vista apenas como um processo individual, movimentos e proposições se instalam assumindo a base do trabalho como espaço/lugar da formação. Ou seja, reivindicam a perspectiva das organizações aprendentes. O sujeito aprende quando se insere em espaços laborais que assumem para si essa condição. Essa é a posição defendida nesse ensaio afirmando que a formação de adultos se valoriza quando as modalidades nessa direção favorecem a capacidade dos atores, nas organizações, de produzirem seus próprios conhecimentos e esse é o caso dos professores.
Poetry by american women veterans
Authors: Chattarji Subarno
Published: October 2014

While there is a significant body of literature - fiction, memoirs, poetry - by American male veterans that has been discussed and analyzed, writings by American women who served in Vietnam receive less attention. This essay looks at some poetry by women within contexts of collective political and cultural amnesia. It argues that in recovering women's voices there is often a reiteration of dominant masculine tropes which in turn does not interrogate fundamental structures and justifications of the Vietnam War. However, the poems are indicative of alternative visions, of "things worth living for" in the aftermath of a war that has specific reverberations in the United States of America.
Sexual: o contemporâneo da psicanálise
Authors: Leite Nina Virgínia de Araújo , Souza Jr. Paulo Sérgio de
Published: October 2014

Partindo dos argumentos apresentados por Giorgio Agamben no texto "O que é o contemporâneo?" (2008), este artigo procura trazer alguma luz sobre a noção de contemporaneidade na psicanálise. Se os processos do sistema inconsciente não têm nenhuma relação com o tempo (Freud, 1915), haveria algo que, no campo da psicanálise como tal, se poderia chamar de contemporâneo?
Cristeman, o Terrível: um fait divers do século XVI
Authors: Viegas Rafael Marcelo
Published: October 2014

A partir da primeira metade do século XVI, uma série de documentos de caráter pretensamente jornalístico começou a circular na França. Esses documentos, impressos em suportes semelhantes aos nossos livretos de cordel (papel barato, impressão de baixa qualidade), vendidos por ambulantes, traziam informações sobre cataclismos, eventos prodigiosos e sobrenaturais, mas também mortes, crimes e assassinatos, verdadeiros faits divers - do qual a tradução a seguir constitui um breve exemplo.
João do Rio, Alcântara Machado, Alberto Cavalcanti: entre o filme de papel e a Crônica de Celuloide
Authors: Gárate Miriam
Published: October 2014

O presente artigo visa examinar a relação de mão dupla entre crônica jornalístico-literária e cinema documental, adotando como corpus de análise Cinematógrafo. Crônicas cariocas(1909) de João do Rio, Pathé Baby (1926) de Antônio Alcântara Machado e Rien que les heures (1926) de Alberto Cavalcanti.
Pressupostos, salvo engano, de uma divergência silenciosa: Antonio Candido, Roberto Schwarz e a modernidade brasileira
Authors: Melo Alfredo César Barbosa de
Published: October 2014

Os nomes de Antonio Candido e Roberto Schwarz são comumente associados por compartilharem um mesmo instrumental crítico-metodológico. Neste artigo, pretendo analisar as tensões e descontinuidades, frequentemente silenciadas, entre os projetos intelectuais de Candido e Schwarz. Argumento que suas visões da modernidade brasileira são substancialmente divergentes. Enquanto Candido exibe um otimismo em relação às potencialidades transformadoras do povo brasileiro, Schwarz apresenta um diagnóstico bastante pessimista sobre a (de)formação social do Brasil. Analiso como essas interpretações divergentes sustentam o projeto crítico-historiográfico de ambos autores.
Cimentos Portland aditivados com arenito zeolítico com propriedades pozolânicas
Authors: Picanço Marcelo de Souza , Angélica Rômulo Simões , Barata Márcio Santos
Published: October 2014

O uso adequado de pozolanas possibilita a produção de cimentos especiais, de menor custo de fabricação e de maior durabilidade que os correspondentes sem adição. O emprego dessas adições minerais possibilita ganhos significativos em termos de produtividade e uma extensão da vida útil dos equipamentos de produção e da própria jazida de calcário, também ajudando na diminuição de CO2 lançado na atmosfera.As zeólitas têm sido utilizadas como material pozolânico em misturas com "terras vulcânicas" e água nas construções desde o tempo do antigo Império Romano. Nos dias atuais, existem muitas discussões envolvendo reatividade pozolânica das zeólitas naturais na incorporação dos cimentos Portland.Na Região nordeste do Brasil, zeólitas sedimentares relacionadas a arenitos da Bacia do Parnaíba foram descobertas pelo Serviço Geológico do Brasil nos anos 2000. Estes arenitos são constituídos em sua maioria de quartzo, zeólitas naturais (estilbita) e argilominerais (esmectita). Estudos preliminares constataram que este arenito pode ser empregado como material pozolânico em sistemas a base de cimento Portland, desde que o material seja peneirado para remoção do quartzo e ativado termicamente, uma vez que a estilbita é uma zeólita de baixa atividade pozolânica.O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi determinar qual proporção de arenito zeolítico ativado termicamente proporciona melhores propriedades mineralógicas e mecânicas ao cimento Portland.No programa experimental empregou-se o arenito zeolítico passante na peneira 200# e calcinado à temperatura de 500ºC. A análise química das amostras foi realizada por espectroscopia de fluorescência de raios-x e a caracterização mineralógica por difração de raios-x e análise termogravimétrica e termodiferencial. O comportamento da hidratação dos cimentos foi avaliado através de calorimetria de condução, difratometria de raio-X e análises termodiferencial e termogravimétricas. Para avaliação da atividade pozolânica foi adotado um ensaio mecânico de resistência à compressão em argamassas cimento Portland (CP I -S) e areia, com percentuais de substituição de cimento por arenito de 10, 20 e 30%.Os resultados mostraram que o arenito zeolítico calcinado com a percentual de substituição de 10% proporcionou às argamassas melhor resultado tem termos de resistência à compressão simples, contudo estudos mais aprofundados de durabilidade e a idades mais avançadas podem indicar que teores mais elevados do arenito zeolítico podem também ser apropriados para a produção de concretos, principalmente em obras de infraestrutura como barragens, canais, entre outras.
Avaliação da tenacidade de concretos reforçados com fibras através de ensaios com sistema aberto
Authors: Monte Renata , Toaldo Guilherme Stoll , Figueiredo Antonio Domingues de
Published: October 2014

A qualidade das estruturas produzidas com o Concreto Reforçado com Fibras (CRF) depende fundamentalmente da existência de um método de controle de tenacidade confiável, econômico e compatível com modelos de dimensionamento existentes. O controle usual se dá através de ensaios de tração na flexão de vigas, necessitando de equipamento específico raramente encontrado em laboratórios de controle tecnológico do concreto. O Ensaio Barcelona Simplificado (EBS) surge como uma promissora alternativa de ensaio para o CRF, pois permite a extração de testemunhos e utiliza recursos disponíveis na maioria dos laboratórios. Este trabalho tem por objetivo comparar resultados obtidos através do EBS com o método de ensaio de prismas através da JSCE-SF4, que é o mais utilizado no Brasil, buscando estabelecer correlações entre as diferentes respostas destes ensaios. Foram utilizadas uma fibra de aço e uma de polipropileno, dosadas em três teores cada. Foram moldadas cinco vigas para o ensaio JSCE-SF4 e extraídos oito cilindros para o EBS. Desses ensaios obteve-se curvas carga versus deslocamento. A correlação de resultados foi obtida através da comparação da energia necessária para provocar uma abertura de fissura equivalente nos dois métodos. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema aberto para controle de velocidade compromete ambos os ensaios, principalmente para baixos teores de fibras e no estado limite de serviço (ELS). Os ensaios EBS e JSCE-SF4 são correlacionáveis quanto à tenacidade e a resistência residual (pós-fissuração), possibilitando a utilização de um ou outro sem comprometimento da avaliação destas características. O EBS é de mais fácil execução e possi-bilita a avaliação da tenacidade em testemunhos de estruturas executadas.
Estudio estructural de arcillas de Chulucanas por difracción de rayos-X y método de Rietveld
Authors: Zeballos-Velásquez Elvira L. , Melero Patricia C. , Trujillo Alejandro L. , Mejía Mirian E. , Ceroni Mario
Published: October 2014

Resultados de medidas de difracción de rayos-X mostraron una secuencia de modificaciones químicas y estructurales como la deshidratación, descomposición y formación de nuevas fases en arcillas sometidas a aumentos graduales de temperatura. Los componentes de las muestras fueron determinados, identificándose montmorillonita-Ca, vermiculita, muscovita, caolinita, chlorita, illita, cuarzo y albita. El refinamiento estructural por el método de Rietveld reportó, en todas las muestras, mayor porcentaje de arcilla noexpansiva en comparación con la expansiva. A 250ºC, la montmorillonita-Ca presentó una disminución drástica en su distancia interlaminar, de 1.5 nm a 1.0 nm, debido a la remoción del agua superficial y de los poros, así como de la contenida en la región interlaminar. Para el caso de la vermiculita, esta disminución es mucho menor (~0.04 nm), en tanto que la caolinita no presenta disminución significativa de este parámetro. La vermiculita estructuralmente colapsa a ~350ºC, en tanto que la caolinita lo hace a ~500ºC, mientras que nuevas fases aparecen, como la ortoclasa y anorthita.
Avaliação do efeito da temperatura de calcinação nas características estruturais e morfológicas de aluminas sintetizadas pelo método Pechini
Authors: Costa Mirele , Lira Helio , Ribeiro Poliana , Freitas Normanda
Published: October 2014

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo sintetizar alumina pelo método Pechini e avaliar a influência da temperatura de calcinação nas características estruturais e morfológicas das mesmas com o intuito de direcionálas a distintas aplicações. A relação utilizada na metodologia para o ácido cítrico:cátion metálico foi de 3:1 e as temperaturas de calcinação variaram de 500 a 1200ºC em intervalos de 100ºC. Os materiais sintetizados foram caracterizados por difração de raios X, distribuição granulométrica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados demonstraram que a variação da temperatura de calcinação alterou a estrutura e a morfologia da alumina. As amostras apresentaram-se amorfas abaixo da temperatura de calcinação a 800ºC, a fase alumina surgiu após a calcinação a 900ºC e a fase alfa alumina após 1100ºC. O aumento da temperatura na calcinação diminuiu o diâmetro médio dos aglomerados de 17,79 para 13,01 µm para as amostras calcinadas a 500 e 1200ºC, respectivamente. Quanto à morfologia, a mudança na temperatura de calcinação não alterou de forma significativa o material sintetizado. As partículas estão distribuídas aleatoriamente ao longo das amostras apresentando geometria com aparência de placas em diferentes dimensões depositadas sobre notáveis aglomerados. As características geradas pelas aluminas possibilitam sua aplicação em membranas, catálise, implantes odontológicos, compósitos, etc.
Sleeve gastrectomy with anti-reflux procedures
Authors: Santoro Sergio , Lacombe Arnaldo , Aquino Caio Gustavo Gaspar de , Malzoni Carlos Eduardo
Published: October 2014

Objective Sleeve gastrectomy is the fastest growing surgical procedure to treat obesity in the world but it may cause or worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease. This article originally aimed to describe the addition of anti-reflux procedures (removal of periesophageal fats pads, hiatoplasty, a small plication and fixation of the gastric remnant in position) to the usual sleeve gastrectomy and to report early and late results. Methods Eighty-eight obese patients that also presented symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease were submitted to sleeve gastrectomy with anti-reflux procedures. Fifty of them were also submitted to a transit bipartition. The weight loss of these patients was compared to consecutive 360 patients previously submitted to the usual sleeve gastrectomy and to 1,140 submitted to sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition. Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms were specifically inquired in all anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy patients and compared to the results of the same questionnaire applied to 50 sleeve gastrectomy patients and 60 sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition patients that also presented preoperative symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Results In terms of weight loss, excess of body mass index loss percentage after anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy is not inferior to the usual sleeve gastrectomy and anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition is not inferior to sleeve gastrectomy + transit bipartition. Anti-reflux sleeve gastrectomy did not add morbidity but significantly diminished gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and the use of proton pump inhibitors to treat this condition. Conclusion The addition of anti-reflux procedures, such as hiatoplasty and cardioplication, to the usual sleeve gastrectomy did not add morbidity neither worsened the weight loss but significantly reduced the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms as well as the use of proton pump inhibitors.
Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder: a therapeutic option
Authors: Topczewski Abram
Published: October 2014

Objective To evaluate the use of a therapeutic regimen to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients. Methods A total of 140 patients initially underwent physical, neurological and laboratory evaluation. Thereafter, treatment was initiated with a compounding product consisting of a tricyclic antidepressant and an anxiolytic. Results The response was positive in 71.43% of patients in controlling hyperactivity and improving dispersion and attention deficit. Conclusion The therapeutic regimen utilized proved to be an effective therapeutic alternative, especially for patients who do not adapt to psychostimulant drugs.
The use of external event monitoring (web-loop) in the elucidation of symptoms associated with arrhythmias in a general population
Authors: Epifanio Hindalis Ballesteros , Katz Marcelo , Borges Melania Aparecida , Corrêa Alessandra da Graça , Cintra Fátima Dumas , Grinberg Rodrigo Leandro , Ludovice Ana Cristina Pinotti Pedro , Valdigem Bruno Pereira , Silva Nilton José Carneiro da , Fenelon Guilherme
Published: October 2014

Objective To correlate arrhythmic symptoms with the presence of significant arrhythmias through the external event monitoring (web-loop). Methods Between January and December 2011, the web-loop was connected to 112 patients (46% of them were women, mean age 52±21 years old). Specific arrhythmic symptoms were defined as palpitations, pre-syncope and syncope observed during the monitoring. Supraventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter or fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, pauses greater than 2 seconds or advanced atrioventricular block were classified as significant arrhythmia. The association between symptoms and significant arrhythmias were analyzed. Results The web-loop recorded arrhythmic symptoms in 74 (66%) patients. Of these, in only 14 (19%) patients the association between symptoms and significant cardiac arrhythmia was detected. Moreover, significant arrhythmia was found in 11 (9.8%) asymptomatic patients. There was no association between presence of major symptoms and significant cardiac arrhythmia (OR=0.57, CI95%: 0.21-1.57; p=0.23). Conclusion We found no association between major symptoms and significant cardiac arrhythmia in patients submitted to event recorder monitoring. Event loop recorder was useful to elucidate cases of palpitations and syncope in symptomatic patients.
Creating and validating an instrument to identify the workload at an oncology and hematology outpatient service
Authors: Martin Lelia Gonçalves Rocha , Gaidzinski Raquel Rapone
Published: October 2014

Objective Construct and to validate an instrument for measuring the time spent by nursing staff in the interventions/activities in Outpatient Oncology and Hematology, interventions based on Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), for key areas of Pediatric Oncology and Oncology Nursing. Methods Cross-sectional study divided into two steps: (1) construction of an instrument to measure the interventions/Nursing activities and (2) validation of this instrument. Results We selected 32 essential interventions from NIC for Pediatric Oncology and Oncology Nursing areas. The judges agreed with removing 13 and including 6 interventions in the instrument, beyond personal activity. Conclusion The choice of essential interventions from NIC is justified by the gain time on research.
Evolution of post-deployment indicators of oral health on the Family Health Strategy
Authors: Palacio Danielle da Costa , Vazquez Fabiana de Lima , Ramos Danielle Viana Ribeiro , Peres Stela Verzinhasse , Pereira Antonio Carlos , Guerra Luciane Miranda , Cortellazzi Karine Laura , Bulgareli Jaqueline Vilela
Published: October 2014

Objective To evaluate the evolution of indicators after the implementation of 21 Oral Healthcare Teams in the Family Health Strategy. Methods We used data from outpatient services of Oral Healthcare Teams to evaluate efficiency, access, percentage of absences and emergencies of oral healthcare professionals who worked in the partnership between the Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Hospital Albert Einstein and the Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Paulo, during the period 2009-2011. Results Percentages of emergencies, income, and access showed a significant difference during the period analyzed, but no difference for percentage of absences was found. When monthly analysis was made, it is noteworthy that at the beginning of service implementation a fluctuation occurred, which may indicate that the work was consolidated over the months, becoming capable of receiving new professionals and increasing the population served. Comparison of the indicators in that period with the goals agreed upon between the Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Hospital Albert Einstein and the Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Paulo made it possible to notice that the Oral Health Teams had a good performance. Conclusion The results showed that the goals were achieved reflecting the increasing number of professionals, the maturing of work processes in the Oral Health Teams, and optimization of the manpower available to perform the activities. Understanding these results will be important to guide the actions of Oral Health Teams for the following years and to assess the achievement of goals.
Transcriptional expression study in the central nervous system of rats: what gene should be used as internal control?
Authors: Moura Ana Carolina de , Lazzari Virgínia Meneghini , Agnes Grasiela , Almeida Silvana , Giovenardi Márcia , Veiga Ana Beatriz Gorini da
Published: October 2014

Objective A growing number of published articles report the expression of specific genes with different behavior patterns in rats. The levels of messenger ribonucleic acid transcripts are usually analyzed by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction and quantified after normalization with an internal control or reference gene (housekeeping gene). Nevertheless, housekeeping genes exhibit different expression in the central nervous system, depending on the physiological conditions and the area of the brain to be studied. The choice of a good internal control gene is essential for obtaining reliable results. This study evaluated the expression of three housekeeping genes (beta-actin, cyclophilin A, and ubiquitin C) in different areas of the central nervous system in rats (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, striatum, and prefrontal cortex). Methods Wistar rats (virgin females, n=6) during the diestrum period were used. Total ribonucleic acid was extracted from each region of the brain; the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid was synthesized by reverse transcription and amplified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction using SYBR™ Green and primers specific for each one of the reference genes. The stability of the expression was determined using NormFinder. Results Beta-actin was the most stable gene in the hippocampus and striatum, while cyclophilin A and ubiquitin C showed greater stability in the prefrontal cortex and the olfactory bulb, respectively. Conclusion Based on our study, further studies of gene expression using rats as animal models should take into consideration these results when choosing a reliable internal control gene.
Influence of different frequencies of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the threshold and pain intensity in young subjects
Authors: Gomes Adriana de Oliveira , Silvestre Ana Caroline , Silva Cristina Ferreira da , Gomes Mariany Ribeiro , Bonfleur Maria Lúcia , Bertolini Gladson Ricardo Flor
Published: October 2014

Objective To investigate the effects of different transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation frequencies in nociception front of a pressure pain threshold and cold in healthy individuals. Methods Twenty healthy subjects were divided into four groups, all of which have gone through all forms of electrical stimulation at different weeks. Assessments were pre and post-therapy, 20 and 60 minutes after stimulation. To evaluate the pressure pain threshold, an algometer was used with one tapered tip, pressing the hypothenar region until voluntary report the word “pain”. Cold pain intensity was assessed by immersion in water at 5°C for 30 seconds; at the end, the subject was asked to quantify the pain intensity on a Visual Analog Scale for Pain. For electrical stimulation, two electrodes were used near the elbow, for 20 minutes, with an intensity strong, but not painful. The frequency was in accordance with the group: 0Hz (placebo); 7Hz; 100Hz; and 255Hz. Results Both for the assessment of pressure pain threshold as the cold pain intensity, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion We conclude that the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on dermatomes C6 to C8 produced no significant change in pressure pain threshold or cold discomfort.
Knowledge, perceptions and use of generic drugs: a cross sectional study
Authors: Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa de , Oliveira Jéssica Nathalia Soares , Andrade Marília dos Santos , Vancini-Campanharo Cássia Regina , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz
Published: October 2014

Objective To assess the level of knowledge, perceptions and usage profile for generic drugs among laypersons. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 278 volunteers (180 women and 98 men, aged 37.1±15.8 years). A questionnaire was drawn up with questions on their use, perceptions and knowledge of generic drugs. Results Most respondents (99.6%) knew that generic drugs exist, but only 48.6% were able to define them correctly, while 78.8% of the respondents had some information about generics. This information was obtained mainly through television (49.3%). In terms of generic drug characteristics, 79.1% stated that they were confident about their efficacy, 74.8% believed that generic drugs have the same effect as branded medications, 88.8% said that generics were priced lower than branded medications, and 80.2% stated that they bought generic drugs because of price. With regard to drugs prescribed by medical practitioners, 17.6% of the participants said that their doctors never prescribed generics and only 7.5% confirmed that their doctors always prescribed generics. Conclusion For the lay public, the sample in this study has sufficient knowledge of generic drugs in terms of definition, efficacy and cost. Consequently, the volunteers interviewed are very likely to use generics. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that programs should be implemented in order to boost generic drug prescriptions by medical practitioners.
Left colectomy with intracoporeal anastomosis: technical aspects
Authors: Araujo Sérgio Eduardo Alonso , Seid Victor Edmond , Klajner Sidney , Bertoncini Alexandre Bruno
Published: October 2014

Oncologic laparoscopic colectomy represents a fully validated surgical approach to the management of colorectal cancer. However, laparoscopic surgery for distal transverse and descending colon lesions remains a challenging procedure. A total laparoscopic approach to the left colectomy is an interesting option for critically ill patients although reports in the literature on this subject are scarce and its approach still not standardized because of its selective nature for indication. There are several advantages associated with conduction of totally laparoscopic approach to the left colon. Intracorporeal vessel sealing ensures an adequate lymph node dissection. Moreover, it enables the construction of a well-vascularized anastomosis. Ultimately, the occurrence of late wound complications are possibly reduced for the placement of a low abdominal incision exclusively used for specimen extraction. This paper aimed at describing our technique for a totally laparoscopic left colectomy for distal transverse and descending colon lesions.
Personalized medicine and the clinical laboratory
Authors: Pinho João Renato Rebello , Sitnik Roberta , Mangueira Cristóvão Luis Pitangueira
Published: October 2014

Personalized medicine is the use of biomarkers, most of them molecular markers, for detection of specific genetic traits to guide various approaches for preventing and treating different conditions. The identification of several genes related to heredity, oncology and infectious diseases lead to the detection of genetic polymorphisms that are involved not only in different clinical progression of these diseases but also in variations in treatment response. Currently, it is possible to detect these polymorphisms using several methodologies: detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction methods; nucleic acid microarray detection; and nucleic acid sequencing with automatized DNA sequencers using Sanger-derived methods and new generation sequencing. Personalized medicine assays are directed towards detecting genetic variations that alter interactions of drugs with targets or the metabolic pathways of drugs (upstream and downstream) and can be utilized for the selection of drug formulations and detect different immunogenicities of the drug. Personalized medicine applications have already been described in different areas of Medicine and allow specific treatment approaches to be applied to each patient and pathology according to the results of these assays. The application of such a protocol demands an increasing interaction between the clinical laboratory and the clinical staff. For its implementation, a coordinated team composed of basic researchers and physicians highly specialized in their areas supported by a highly specialized team of clinical analysts particularly trained in molecular biology assays is necessary.
Gender equity in physical education: The use of language
Authors: Andrés Óscar del Castillo , Granados Santiago Romero , Ramírez Teresa González , Mesa María del Carmen Campos
Published: October 2014

This study analyzed Spanish teachers' behavior and the transmission of gender stereotypes. We observed 48 physical education lessons given by four Spanish teachers (two men and two women). Descriptive codes, which were generated iteratively, were clustered, categorized, integrated, recoded, and re-categorized. They allowed us to identify four major themes related to the transmission of gender stereotypes of teachers: male generics, stereotyped expressions, nominative attention, and priority order. We used a coding sheet as well as audio and video recordings to register the categories. The Kruskal-Wallis test produced significance levels lower than .05, resulting in the rejection of the null hypothesis. Sexist behavior was found in the male generics, nominative attention, and priority order. However, we found no difference in stereotyped expressions.
Physical actions and work-rest time in men's beach volleyball
Authors: Palao José Manuel , Valadés David , Manzanares Policarpo , Ortega Enrique
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to assess the ball contacts, jumps, hits, work time, and rest ratio in male beach volleyball players in relation to their tactical roles. The sample of this study included 6970 rallies played by 91 beach volleyball players, which corresponded to 179 sets of the 2008 Men's Beach Volleyball World Tour (FIVB). We analyzed: ball contacts, jumps, hits, work time, rest time, set (first, second or third), and player's tactical role (e.g., defense specialist, blocker, or no specialization). A significantly higher number of jumps were executed by blockers. No differences were found in the third set for any of the physical variables studied. This paper provides references about the physical demands (e.g., contacts, jumps, and hits for blockers and defense specialists) and temporal patterns of the beach volleyball game (i.e., work and rest time) for two-set matches and three-set matches.
Using network metrics to investigate football team players' connections: A pilot study
Authors: Clemente Filipe Manuel , Couceiro Micael Santos , Martins Fernando Manuel Lourenço , Mendes Rui Sousa
Published: October 2014

The aim of this pilot study was propose a set of network methods to measure the specific properties of football teams. These metrics were organized on "meso" and "micro" analysis levels. Five official matches of the same team on the First Portuguese Football League were analyzed. An overall of 577 offensive plays were analyzed from the five matches. From the adjacency matrices developed per each offensive play it were computed the scaled connectivity, the clustering coefficient and the centroid significance and centroid conformity. Results showed that the highest values of scaled connectivity were found in lateral defenders and central and midfielder players and the lowest values were found in the striker and goalkeeper. The highest values of clustering coefficient were generally found in midfielders and forwards. In addition, the centroid results showed that lateral and central defenders tend to be the centroid players in the attacking process. In sum, this study showed that network metrics can be a powerful tool to help coaches to understanding the specific team's properties, thus supporting decision-making and improving sports training based on match analysis.
Contrasting morphology and training background in waterpolo teams of different competitive levels
Authors: Canossa Sofia , Abraldes José Arturo , Soares Susana , Vila María Helena , Ferragut Carmen , Rodríguez Nuria , Argudo Francisco Manuel , Fernandes Ricardo Jorge , Garganta Júlio Manuel
Published: October 2014

We aimed to describe and compare the general morphological, somatotype and training background characteristics of Iberian waterpolo players (22 Portuguese and 22 Spanish National Teams players) considering their playing positions. The International Working Group of Kinanthropometry guidelines was herein followed, and a somatochart was obtained through specific software (Somatotype, Calculation and Analysis. (c)2001 SWEAT technologies). Spanish players train more hours per week (22.8 ±9.5 vs.12.2 ±5.6), are taller (187.4 cm ±6.6 vs.180.3 cm ±5.1), heavier (89.2 kg ±11.6 vs.79.1 kg ±10.0), show higher arm span (195.7 cm ±8.5 vs.185.2 cm ±7.4) and muscle mass percentage (49.0% ± 1.8 vs.46.0% ±6.0), and tend to be more mesomorphic (5.19 ±1.27 vs.4.26 ±1.32) than the Portuguese players. Concerning field positions, Spanish center forward players train more hours per week than the Portuguese (20.2 ±9.1 vs.12.2 ±3.8) and show higher arm span (204.4 cm ±7.3 vs.184.0 cm ±6.5). Spanish goal keepers and outside players show higher muscle mass percentage (49.8% ±1.5 vs.42.2% ±5.2 and 49.4% ±1.5 vs.45.5% ±4.6, respectively) than the Portuguese players. These evidences should be taken into account for the improvement of waterpolo sport.