bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kontribusi Kesalehan Ritual dan Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Keluarga terhadap Perilaku Merusak Ekosistem Terumbu Karang
Authors: Afifi Mansur
Published: May 2018

Destructive behavior to coral reef ecosystem should not exist if community realize the importance value of the existence of coral reefs, have adequate source for livelihood and an obedience to God Almighty. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of religious ritual performing (religiousness), social and economic conditions of society on destructive manner of community to coral reefs. The data collected are analyzed quantitatively using structural equation model (SEM) using the method of Partial Least Square (PLS). The result findings show that the destructive behavior of the community to coral reef is not influenced by the piety of the people in performing ritual worship. The more devout people in performing ritual worship behavior does not necessarily make them more friendly to the environment, particularly coral reef ecosystems. The destructive behavior of the community to coral reef is also not influenced by their social conditions. The higher level of community's education does not necessarily make them more concerned about the environment. The destructive behavior of community to coral reef is significantly influenced by the economic conditions of society. Communities with lower income levels tend to perform acts that damage the coral reefs such as coral mining and destructive fishing techniques in an effort to satisfy their economic needs.
Dampak Kenaikan Harga Minyak Bumi terhadap Ketersediaan Minyak Goreng Sawit Domestik
Authors: Hartoyo Sri , Intan K.P. Eka , Novindra Novindra , Hastuty Hastuty
Published: May 2018

This paper attempts to examine the impact of rising fossil fuel prices on the increasing impact on the demand of alternative fuels (biofuels), and its impact on food availability in Indonesia. An econometric model using simultaneous equations is employed. An increase in world crude oil price for 0,192 percent caused the price of real Indonesian palm oil export raised by 10,64 percent. Consequently, a larger biodiesel production is needed to meet their crease of world's consumer demand for biodiesel. Also, with the increase in real export price of Indonesian palm oil, it will encourage palm oil producers to push their export volume. Indonesian palm oil exporter expected to increase by 6,37 percent to finally push the domestic CPO price increase for 1,85 percent. Rising domestic oil prices are causing oil demand in the palm oil industry to decline by 0,49 percent and in the end resulting in the decline of palm oil production by 1,56 percent.
Pengangguran, Lama Mencari Kerja, dan Reservation Wage Tenaga Kerja Terdidik
Authors: A. Pasay N. Haidy. , Indrayanti Ratna
Published: May 2018

Angka pengangguran tenaga kerja terdidik terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Dari 8,59 juta penganggur ditahun 2010, 4,8 juta di antaranya adalah penganggur terdidik. Sementara itu, lama mencari kerja mencapai11 bulan. Metode Heckman Dua Tahap digunakan untuk menduga upah minimum yang diinginkan danMetode OLS untuk menduga lama mencari kerja serta berdasarkan karakteristik sosial, demogra, danregional. Lama mencari kerja bagi yang berpendidikan tinggi lebih lama daripada yang berpendidikanrendah. Upah minimum yang diinginkan dengan karakteristik sosial, demogra, dan regional angkatan kerjaberpendidikan tinggi lebih besar daripada yang lainnya.
Ketahanan Pangan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia
Authors: Rachmaningsih Triana , Priyarsono D. S.
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study aims at analyzing the dynamics of food security and the factors that influence food security in Eastern Indonesia. The methodology used is panel data tobit model of 190 districts/municipalities in the Eastern Indonesia from 2008 to 2010. Based on the classication of the food security degree, the majority of households in Eastern Indonesia are categorized as the vulnerable. Food security is affected by percentage of poor people, GRDP per capita, female illiteracy rate and average years of schooling. Based on the elasticity, education has the highest contribution in improving food security in the Eastern Indonesia.Keywords: Food Security, Eastern Indonesia, Panel Data Tobit Model AbstrakStudi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika ketahanan pangan, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ketahanan pangan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI). Ketahanan pangan dibagi tiga pilar, yaitu ketersediaan, aksesibilitas, dan pemanfaatan pangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah model tobit dengan data panel dari 190 kabupaten/kota di KTI Tahun 2008-2010. Berdasarkan klasikasi derajat ketahanan pangan, sebagian besar rumah tangga di KTI termasuk kategori rentan terhadap kerawanan pangan. Ketahanan pangan dipengaruhi oleh persentase penduduk miskin, PDRB per kapita, angka buta huruf perempuan, dan rata-rata lama sekolah. Berdasarkan nilai elastisitas, pendidikan memiliki pengaruh terbesar terhadap ketahanan pangan di KTI.Kata kunci: Ketahanan Pangan, Kawasan Timur Indonesia, Model Tobit Data Panel
Dampak Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Disparitas Akses Pendidikan Dasar di Indonesia
Authors: Doriza Shinta , Purwanto Deniey Adi , Maulida Ernita
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe objective of fiscal decentralization objective in Indonesia is to reduce development disparities. Regarding education development, one crucial issue is access disparity. Using 440 sub provincial database during 2005-2009, this study is aim to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization in reducing disparity of primary education access. Using fixed-effect model, the result showed that Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) for Education, DAK Non Education, and Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) have significant impact in reducing education access disparity along with the wealth and regional characteristics. Nonetheless efforts need to be done to optimize the equalization of education access including strengthening the provincial government role in resources allocation and distribution of basic education services.Keywords: Fiscal Decentralization, Primary Education Access, Panel Data Analysis AbstrakTujuan desentralisasi fiskal di Indonesia adalah untuk mengurangi kesenjangan pembangunan. Terkait dengan pembangunan pendidikan, salah satu masalah krusial adalah kesenjangan akses. Menggunakan data dari 440 database kabupaten kota selama 2005-2009, studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak desentralisasi fiskal dalam mengurangi disparitas akses pendidikan dasar. Dengan menggunakan fixed-effect model, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) Pendidikan, DAK Non-Pendidikan, dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) memiliki dampak yang signikan dalam mengurangi disparitas akses pendidikan bersama dengan karakteristik kekayaan dan regional. Berbagai upaya tetap perlu dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan pemerataan akses pendidikan termasuk penguatan peran pemerintah provinsi dalam alokasi dan distribusi sumber daya pelayanan pendidikan dasar.Kata kunci: Desentralisasi Fiskal, Akses Pendidikan Dasar, Analisis Data Panel
Perdebatan Teori Rasionalitas dalam Menjelaskan Terbentuknya Biaya Transaksi pada Seleksi Pegawai Negeri
Authors: Firmansyah M. , Suman Agus , Manzilati Asfi , Susilo Susilo
Published: May 2018

AbstractA civil servant selection attributes transaction cost. Aim of this conceptual paper is to explain behavior of transaction cost payment from perspective theory of the rationale of economics. This study was conducted by understanding various theories regarding a phenomena of transaction cost payment. This study revealed transaction cost payment as typical self interest and utility maximization (neo-classic rationality), to behave as Al-Nafs Al-Ammarah (Islamic rationality). The transaction cost payment was encouraged by perception, understanding and prior experiences (Keynes rationality), environment (psychology rationality). However, there was a limited scope of information for transaction cost payment (bounded rationality). Keywords: Rationality Theory, Transaction Costs, Civil Service Applicants AbstrakSeleksi pegawai negeri sering kali memunculkan biaya transaksi. Tujuan dari artikel konseptual ini adalah menjelaskan perilaku membayar biaya transaksi tersebut dalam perspektif teori rasionalitas ilmu ekonomi. Studi dilakukan dengan memaknai berbagai perdebatan teori rasionalitas dan menghubungkannya dengan fenomena membayar biaya transaksi. Hasil studi menunjukkan membayar biaya transaksi sebagai bentuk self interest dan maksimalisasi utilitas (rasionalitas neo-klasik), sebagai perilaku Al-Nafs Al-Ammarah (rasionalitas Islam). Membayar biaya transaksi juga dibentuk oleh persepsi, pemahaman, dan pengalaman perilaku sebelumnya (rasionalitas Keynes), lingkungan (rasionalitas sosiologi), dan kepribadian (rasionalitas psikologis). Di samping itu, terdapat keterbatasan informasi dalam membayar biaya transaksi tersebut (bounded rationality).Kata kunci: Teori Rasionalitas, Biaya Transaksi, Seleksi Pegawai Negeri Sipil
Dampak Liberalisasi Perdagangan terhadap Efisiensi Teknis Perusahaan pada Industri Manufaktur Indonesia
Authors: Nurrahma Tsurayya
Published: May 2018

AbstractHaving data sample in 1987, 1995, and 2008, this research aims to analyze the impact of trade liberalization on technical efficiency of Indonesian manufacturing firms since deregulation in the 1980s. In addition, the research also analyzes the impact of other efficiency determinants coming from firm characteristics and market structure. Technical inefficiency score is estimated by using stochastic production frontier model, whereas the impact of efficiency determinants is analyzed by using Ordinary Least Squared model (OLS). For each year observed, liberalization has different impacts on technical efficiency. However, as liberalization continues, it has facilitated firms to produce towards their full technical efficient production-level.Keywords: Trade Liberalization, Firm Technical Efficiency, Manufacturing Industry, IndonesiaAbstrakDengan mengambil sampel tahun 1987, 1995, dan 2008, studi ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis dampak liberalisasi perdagangan terhadap efisiensi teknis perusahaan dalam industri manufaktur Indonesia sejak deregulasi pada tahun 1980-an. Selain itu, dianalisis pula pengaruh faktor determinan efisiensi lainnya yang berasal dari karakteristik internal perusahaan dan struktur industri. Nilai inefisiensi teknis diestimasi dengan model stochastic production frontier, sedangkan analisis pengaruh faktor determinan efisiensi teknis menggunakan model Ordinary Least Squared (OLS). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa liberalisasi perdagangan memiliki dampak berbeda terhadap efisiensi teknis pada setiap tahun yang diamati. Namun, liberalisasi akhirnya dapat memfasilitasi perusahaan dalam meningkatkan performanya, melalui peningkatan nilai efisiensi teknis.Kata kunci: Liberalisasi Perdagangan, Efisiensi Teknis Perusahaan, Industri Manufaktur, Indonesia
Dampak Kapasitas Fiskal terhadap Penurunan Kemiskinan: Suatu Analisis Simulasi Kebijakan
Authors: Lisna Vera , Sinaga Bonar M. , Firdaus Muhammad , Sutomo Slamet
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study examines the impacts of fiscal capacity on the acceleration of poverty alleviation through a dynamic simultaneous equations model using empirical data of 23 provinces and conducting historical simulation. The increasing of fiscal capacity from local taxes and tax-revenue sharing have signicant impact on poverty reduction, particularly in agricultural household, which has the largest share in number of poor in Indonesia indicated by larger decline of agricultural headcount index than industrial and trade headcount index. However, the increasing of General Allocator Fund/Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) has negative impact on agricultural headcount index. The policy implication is to increase revenue from taxation by local governments as the impact is more effective in accelerating poverty reduction.Keywords: Fiscal Capacity, Poverty Reduction, Policy Simulation AbstrakStudi ini menganalisis dampak kapasitas fiskal dalam mempercepat pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia melalui jalur pertumbuhan pro-poor melalui model persamaan simultan dinamis atas data empiris 23 provinsi dan simulasi historis. Peningkatan kapasitas fiskal dari pajak daerah dan bagi hasil pajak berdampak paling besar dalam menurunkan kemiskinan terutama di rumah tangga pertanian yang mendominasi jumlah penduduk miskin di Indonesia di mana headcount index pertanian turun lebih besar dibandingkan headcount index industri dan perdagangan. Sebaliknya, peningkatan Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) berdampak negatif pada kemiskinan pertanian. Implikasinya adalah pemerintah daerah perlu meningkatkan penerimaan dari perpajakan karena dampaknya lebih efektif mempercepat pengentasan kemiskinan.Kata kunci: Kapasitas Fiskal, Penurunan Kemiskinan, Simulasi Kebijakan
Faktor-Faktor yang Menyebabkan Kemiskinan di Provinsi Papua: Analisis Spatial Heterogeneity
Authors: Tri Wahyuni Ribut Nurul , Damayanti Arie
Published: May 2018

AbstractPro-poor growth program has not been effective reducing poverty in Papua because the government does not have complete information about the spatial variation of poverty-causing factors (spatial heterogeneity). Therefore, this study will analyze poverty-causing factors using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. This study finds that the influence of the cultivated land area, use of technical irrigation, source of drinking water, and the electrical infrastructure vary spatially. In additions, multivariate K-means clusteringshows that subdistricts are spatially clustered by geographical conditions. These results imply that poverty alleviation interventions should be dierent for different areas.Keywords: Geographically Weighted Regression, Poverty, Multivariate K-means Clustering, Spatial Heterogeneity AbstrakProgram pro-poor growth (program pembangunan ekonomi yang berpihak kepada penduduk miskin) belum efektif mengurangi kemiskinan di Papua karena pemerintah tidak memiliki informasi lengkap mengenai faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kemiskinan menurut variasi wilayah (spatial heterogeneity). Oleh karena itu, studi ini akan menganalisis faktor-faktor tersebut dengan menggunakan model Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Studi ini menemukan pengaruh luas lahan yang diusahakan, penggunaan irigasi teknis, sumber air minum, dan listrik terhadap kemiskinan bervariasi secara spasial. Sementara itu, multivariate K-means clustering menunjukkan kecamatan mengelompok menurut kondisi geografis. Ini menyiratkan bahwa intervensi pengentasan kemiskinan seharusnya berbeda untuk wilayah berbeda.Kata kunci: Geographically Weighted Regression, Kemiskinan, Multivariate K-means Clustering, Variasi Wilayah Spatial Heterogeneity
Efek Limpahan Pertumbuhan Antar-Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2001–2013
Authors: Wibisono Pristiawan , Kuncoro Mudrajad
Published: May 2018

Growth Spillover Effects Among Districts/Municipalities in East Java Province, 2001–2013This study aims to identify the typology of districts/municipalities in East Java Province, and analyze the growth spillover effects among districts/municipalities. This study was conducted using analysis tools such as Klaassen Typology, identification of growth pole based on the definition proposed by Richardson, the calculation of growth spillover effects and detection of spatial autocorrelation with local indexes Moran and Local Indicators of spatial Association (LISA). The results from this study is that advanced and fast-growing districts/municipalities from 2001 until 2013 concentrated in the central region of East Java Province. Consistency as advanced and fast-growing region is an indicator of growth poles, shown by Surabaya.Keywords: Districts/Municipalities Typology; Growth Pole; Spillover Eects; Spatial Interaction; Local Moran Index and LISA AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tipologi kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur dan menganalisis efek limpahan pertumbuhan antar-kabupaten/kota. Alat analisis yang dipergunakan adalah Tipologi Klaassen, identifikasi kutub pertumbuhan berdasarkan definisi yang dikemukakan oleh Richardson, perhitungan efek limpahan pertumbuhan, serta deteksi autokorelasi spasial dengan indeks lokal Moran dan Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kabupaten/kota yang tergolong maju dan cepat tumbuh pada tahun 2001 hingga 2013 terpusat di kawasan tengah Provinsi Jawa Timur. Konsistensi sebagai daerah cepat tumbuh dan maju/kaya yang merupakan indikator kutub pertumbuhan, ditunjukkan oleh Kota Surabaya.
Apakah Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar Tenaga Kerja Berperan dalam Mengurangi Kemiskinan di Indonesia?
Authors: Rizal Rofiq Nur
Published: May 2018

Is Basic Education Level of Labor have a role in Reducing Poverty in Indonesia?Improving the quality of human resources through education is believed as one of the solutions to reduce poverty. World attention to education in global ’Education For All program’ and the ’Millennium Development Goals’, suggests that basic education become central program in reducing poverty. If there was a linear relationship between education and income, improved education at basic level would not increase revenues substantially. This study aim is analyzing the role of labor education level toward poverty. Using panel data, this study found that basic education level of labor has a significant role to increase poverty, whereas higher education levels of labor significantly reduce poverty in Indonesia. Keywords: Labor Education; Poverty; Indonesia; Panel Data AbstrakMeningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia melalui pendidikan diyakini sebagai salah satu solusi untuk mengurangi kemiskinan. Kepedulian dunia internasional terhadap pendidikan dalam gerakan global ’Pendidikan Untuk Semua’ dan ’Tujuan Pembangunan Milenium’, menegaskan bahwa pendidikan dasar menjadi pusat untuk mengurangi kemiskinan. Ketika terdapat hubungan linier antara pendidikan dan pendapatan, maka meningkatkan pendidikan hanya pada tingkat pendidikan dasar tidak akan meningkatkan pendapatan secara substansial. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran jenjang pendidikan tenaga kerja terhadap kemiskinan. Menggunakan data panel, studi ini menunjukkan bahwa secara signifikan jenjang pendidikan dasar tenaga kerja berperan meningkatkan kemiskinan, sedangkan tenaga kerja dengan jenjang pendidikan lebih tinggi signifikan mengurangi kemiskinan di Indonesia.
Pola Permintaan Daging Tingkat Rumah Tangga di Indonesia: Analisa Data Mikro 2013
Authors: Nugroho Sigit , Suparyono Sita Wardhani
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study is to understand the meat demand pattern of household in Indonesia. This study used the 2013 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) and Agriculrural Census (SP). The method used to understand the meat demand pattern is Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) approach with Iterated Linear Least Square (ILLS) estimator. The result shows that urban, education, household size, and domestic meat supply have an influence on meat demand pattern and its elasticity. Keywords: Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS); Household Demand; Meat; Demand Elasticity AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pola permintaan daging di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data survei rumah tangga SUSENAS 2013 dan Sensus Pertanian 2013 yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) dengan estimator Iterated Linear Least Square (ILLS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kota, pendidikan, ukuran rumah tangga, kelas pendapatan, dan suplai daging domestik terhadap pola permintaan dan elastisitas daging.
Aplikasi Model Optimasi untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pengangkutan Sampah di Kota Cilegon
Authors: Triwibowo Danang , Halimatussadiah Alin
Published: May 2018

AbstractMost cities in developing countries face inefficiency problem of waste collection service run by government. The purpose of this study is to estimate the efficiency of waste collection service and the capital cost requirement in 2019 to cover 100% waste collection service in Cilegon City. The efficiency is calculated by comparing the current costs with the optimization costs by the model of vehicle routing problem. The result shows that the obtained inefficiency reaches 37,48% which largely comes from the labor component. To cover all of resident in Cilegon City, the city needs to increase their budget allocation as much as IDR 33,884 billion in 2019. Keywords: Inefficiency; Optimization; Waste Collection; Vehicle Routing Problem AbstrakSebagian besar kota di negara berkembang menghadapi permasalahan inefisiensi pengangkutan sampah yang dikelola pemerintah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengestimasi inefisiensi pengangkutan sampah di Kota Cilegon. Inefisiensi dihitung dengan membandingkan biaya saat ini dengan biaya hasil optimasi rute dengan model vehicle routing problem. Penelitian ini juga mengestimasi kebutuhan biaya modal jika rasio pengangkutan sampah mencapai 100% pada tahun 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inefisiensi sebesar 37,48%, yaitu porsi komponen tenaga kerja sebesar 94,48 dari total inefisiensi. Terkait kebutuhan modal, diperlukan kenaikan anggaran Rp33,884 miliar untuk meningkatkan rasio pengangkutan sampah menjadi 100% pada tahun 2019.
Wajib Pajak dan Generasi Muda: Tax Morale Mahasiswa di Indonesia
Authors: Susila Budi , Juniult Partomuan T. , Hidayat Asrul
Published: May 2018

Taxpayers and Young Generation: Tax Morale of Indonesian College StudentsThis paper is aimed to investigate the level of tax morale on Indonesia college students regarding fulfillment of tax obligations as an indication of their characteristics as future taxpayers and the factors behind their tax morale. This research exercised a survey method with respondents from the University of Indonesia chosen with a random sampling technique. The results indicated that the level of tax morale on Indonesia college students is relatively good. As for the variables that influenced the tax morale are gender, religious observance, and the perception of the importance of the government.Keywords: Tax Morale; Indonesia; Tax Compliance; Young GenerationAbstrakPaper ini bertujuan untuk untuk menyelidiki sejauh mana tax morale mahasiswa di Indonesia untuk memenuhi kewajiban perpajakannya apabila nanti mahasiswa memenuhi syarat sebagai Wajib Pajak dan juga untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mendasari kemauan mahasiswa tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia sebagai responden melalui teknik pemilihan sampling secara acak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tax morale mahasiswa di Indonesia adalah cukup baik. Adapun variabel yang ditemukan dapat memengaruhi tax morale adalah jenis kelamin, ketaatan beragama, dan persepsi tentang pentingnya sebuah pemerintahan.
Analisis Anggaran Pemerintah (APBN dan APBN-P) dalam Perspektif Demokrasi Multipartai dan Koalisi
Authors: Sitepu Badikenita
Published: May 2018

Government Budget Analysis in Perspective Democracy Multiparty and CoalitionDemocratic system change in Indonesia resulted in a change of political system and economy of Indonesia. Changes in the political system was also followed by the country’s financial sector reform (or budget) in the process of change towards prosperity residents better. Using time series data from 1982 to 2011, this study found that the coalition is formed to have a positive and significant effect on the level of budget revenues in the state budget approval and the state budget, as well as the approval of the budget at the level of state budget. The Coalition does not have influence on the level of approval signifkan budget on state budget. The number of political parties only aect the level of budget revenues in the state budget approval. The level of tax agreements have a significant impact on the level of state budget approval and the state budget. Revenue budget approval rate has a significant influence on the level of approval of both the state budget expenditures and state budget.Keywords: State Budget; Multiparty System; Coalition; Political Party; Level Tax Agreement AbstrakPerubahan sistem demokrasi di Indonesia berdampak terhadap perubahan sistem politik dan ekonomi Indonesia. Perubahan sistem politik juga diikuti dengan reformasi di bidang keuangan negara (atau anggaran) dalam proses perubahan menuju kemakmuran penduduk yang lebih baik. Dengan menggunakan data time series tahun 1982–2011, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa koalisi yang terbentuk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat persetujuan anggaran pendapatan pada APBN dan APBN-P, serta tingkat persetujuan anggaran belanja pada APBN-P. Koalisi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat persetujuan anggaran belanja pada APBN-P. Jumlah partai politik hanya berpengaruh pada tingkat persetujuan anggaran pendapatan pada APBN. Tingkat persetujuan pajak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat persetujuan anggaran pada APBN dan APBN-P. Tingkat persetujuan anggaran pendapatan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat persetujuan anggaran belanja, baik pada APBN maupun APBN-P.
Pengentasan Orang Miskin di Indonesia: Peran Modal Sosial yang Terlupakan
Authors: Yamin Sofyan , Dartanto Teguh
Published: May 2018

Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia: The Missing Link of Social CapitalThe government has a dominance role and heavily focused on economic approach in poverty alleviaton in Indonesia. Poverty rate has been reduced, but not in significant way. Revitalization of poverty alleviation programs by promoting non-economic such as social capital becomes important. This study aims to analyze the role of social capital related to the bonding and bridging dimension in promoting poverty alleviation and protecting the poor from vulnerability. Based on the study, the bonding and bridging dimension has showed the significant effect to decrease the vulnerability and pulled out the poor from the poverty line.Keywords: Bonding and Bridging Social Capital; Poverty; Simultaneous EquationAbstrakNuansa kebijakan pengentasan orang miskin selama ini terkesan menitikberatkan pada pendekatan ekonomi dengan peran Negara yang sangat dominan. Meskipun tingkat kemiskinan menurun tapi tidak terlalu signifikan. Revitalisasi pengentasan orang miskin dengan mendorong faktor non-ekonomi seperti modal sosial menjadi penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa peran modal sosial terkait dengan bonding dan bridging dalam mendorong pengentasan orang miskin dan melindungi kerentanan kelompok miskin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan modal sosial bonding dan bridging terbukti secara empiris mempunyai peran penting dalam mengurangi kedalaman kemiskinan dan juga mampu mendorong orang miskin keluar dari kemiskinan.
Pengujian Trilemma Conditions pada Perekonomian Indonesia
Authors: Yunita Mela , Achsani Noer Azam , Anggraeni Lukytawati
Published: May 2018

Testing the Trilemma Conditions of Indonesian EconomyThe key challenge for monetary policy in emerging market countries is simultaneously maintain monetary independence, exchange rate stability, and join with financial integration. This reseach explain the interaction of monetary policy in Indonesia over time to answer those three challenge with a Trilemma conditions. This research evaluate the Bank Indonesia’s decision to change the exchange rate regime and apllied ”inflation targeting”. The methods include to build the Trilemma’ index and testing the Trilemma with constant regression. The results indicate that Bank Indonesia has tradeoff in determining the combination of monetary policy objectives. Tradeoff for Bank Indonesia more heavy under free floating due to fear of floating’s problem and tradeoff lighter when inflation targeting applied.Keywords: Trilemma Hyphotesis; Different Exchange Rate Rezim; Inflation Targeting AbstrakTantangan utama kebijakan moneter di negara berkembang adalah secara bersamaan dapat mempertahankan independensi moneter, menjaga stabilitas nilai tukar, dan terlibat dalam integrasi keuangan global. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana kombinasi kebijakan moneter di Indonesia dari waktu ke waktu dapat menjawab ketiga tantangan tersebut dengan memenuhi kondisi Trilemma. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi keputusan Bank Indonesia mengubah rezim nilai tukar dan keputusan menerapkan target inflasi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu membangun indeks Trilemma dan mengujinya menggunakan constant regression. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Bank Indonesia menghadapi tradeoff dalam menentukan kombinasi tujuan kebijakannya. Tradeoff lebih berat ketika periode rezim free floating karena adanya masalah fear of floating, sedangkan tradeoff lebih ringan ketika penerapan inflation targeting.
Nilai Ekonomi Tanaman Obat di Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Ginting Thasia , Ismail Ahyar , Simangunsong Bintang Charles
Published: May 2018

Economic Value of Medicinal Plants in Danau Sentarum National Park, West KalimantanDanau Sentarum National Park (DSNP) is a conservation area which has an important role in people’s lives and society Kapuas Hulu in West Kalimantan. The objective of this study was to estimate the value of medicinal plants in the area TNDS. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) with a single bounded was use to determine the willingness to pay for medicine plants. Data collected through direct interviews with 90 local households in DSNP using a questionnaire. Data analysis was done with MS. Excel® and SPSS® statistical software. The results show the variable value of the bid, income, age, education, and knowledge of medicinal plants significantly aect the value of WTP. The expected WTP is found between IDR50.354,22 to IDR72.312,44 per household per month.Keywords: Contingent Valuation Method; Single BoundWillingness to Pay; Danau Sentarum National Park (DSNP) AbstrakTaman Nasional Danau Sentarum (TNDS) adalah kawasan konservasi yang memiliki peran penting bagi kehidupan masyarakat di Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu dan masyarakat Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengestimasi nilai tanaman obat yang ada di dalam kawasan TNDS. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) dengan single bounded digunakan untuk menentukan nilai kesediaan membayar tanaman obat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara langsung dengan 90 kepala keluarga di TNDS menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak MS Excel® dan SPSS®. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel nilai tawaran bid, pendapatan, usia, pendidikan, dan pengetahuan mengenai tanaman obat secara signifikan memengaruhi nilai WTP. Nilai dugaan WTP adalah sebesar Rp50.354,22 sampai Rp72.312,44 per keluarga per bulan.
Pemodelan Volatilitas Return Saham: Studi Kasus Pasar Saham Asia
Authors: Sari Linda Karlina , Achsani Noer Azam , Sartono Bagus
Published: May 2018

Modelling Volatility of Return Stock Index: Evidence from Asian CountriesVolatility is one of the interesting phenomenon in financial market; the reason is because of its eect to the existence of global financial market. The existence of volatility closely related to the risk in stock model. This research aims to determine the right model in modeling stock return volatility taken from four Asian countries with symmetric and various asymmetric model of GARCH. The result from fitting the right model for all of four stock markets showed that asymmetric model of GARCH showing a better estimation in portraying stock return volatility. Moreover, the model can reveal the existence of asymmetric eects on those four stock markets.Keywords: GARCH Asymmetric; Stock Market; Modelling; GARCH Symmetry; Volatility AbstrakVolatilitas pada pasar keuangan merupakan salah satu fenomena yang sangat menarik karena dampaknya terhadap eksistensi pasar finansial global. Keberadaan volatilitas berhubungan dengan risiko sebuah. Tulisan ini bertujuan menentukan model terbaik dalam memodelkan volatilitas return saham pada empat negara di Asia dengan menggunakan model simetris GARCH dan berbagai macam model asimetris GARCH. Hasil dari fitting model terbaik untuk keempat pasar saham menunjukkan bahwa model asimetris GARCH menunjukkan estimasi yang lebih baik dalam menggambarkan volatilitas return saham. Lebih jauh lagi, model tersebut mengungkapkan keberadaan efek asimetris pada keempat pasar saham.
Recommended Policies for Sustainable Economic Development in Indonesia
Authors: Ananta Aris
Published: May 2018

Booming and prosperity. Joyful expectation of the future. And, suddenly, a crash, a dramatic crash. All were lost in such a short time. They were so unprepared for this event. Then, those who had used to talk about  poverty, but did not really experience the poverty itself, were forced to get the feeling of much relative deprivation. They had not fallen to under poverty line, and, indeed, they might be still in a much higher economic situation than the poverty line; but their prospect had been very bleak. It was like the feeling of riding a roller coaster, but without knowing the end of the fast descending journey. They were, to mention a few, the academicians, politicians, bureaucrats, business people, people in NGOs and joui nalists. They had the political power, and some were involved in decision making to help the "poor" people.
Metode Menilai Transfer Pusat - Daerah
Authors: Vidyattama Yogi
Published: May 2018

Perubahan besar dalam sistem fiskal termasuk diantaranya mengubah hubungan antara tingkat pemerintah dalam bidang fiskal, telah menjadi pembicaraan penting. Tujuan umum dari perubahan tersebut adalah untuk mernbentuk dan membangun sistem publik yang dapat menyediakan barang dan jasa publik lokal yang makin efektif dan efisien, dengan  tetap menjaga stabilitas makroekonomi. Namun begitu, secara spesifik dalam perubahan itu masalah desentralisasi juga telah menjadi perdebatan yang semakin seru sejalan dengan semakin pedulinya kita dengan adanya ketidakadilan atau ketidaksamarataan antar daerah, khususnya dengan melihat adanya jurang pertumbuhan antara daerah kaya dan daerah miskin. Khusus untuk Indonesia kita melihat bahwa masalah desentralisasi juga berhubungan erat dengan tingkat ketergantungan fiskal yang tinggi terhadap pusat, yang dijadikan dalih untuk mengatakan terambilnya kebebasan dan kedaulatan daerah untuk tumbuh lebih baik.Indonesia merupakan negara kesatuan yang berbentuk Republik dengan 27 propinsi, 249 kabupaten, 65 kotamadya, 4028 kecamatan dan 66545 desa (data tahun 1997). Dengan jumlah penduduk sebesar 194,8 juta jiwa (berdasarkan Supas 1995) yang tersebar secara tidak merata di 27 propinsi- 59% penduduk tinggal di 7% wilayah daratan Indonesia-tentunya tidak mudah mewujudkan perasaan berdaulat pada setiap individunya, apalagi menciptakan keadilan di seantero 7,9 juta km2 luas laut dan hanya 1,9 juta km luas daratan dengan sumber daya yang juga beragam di setiap propinsinya terlebih di setiap kabupatennya.
The Role of FDI and Rural-Urban Migration in the Future of Indonesian Economic Growth
Authors: Azis Iwan Jaya , Kuncoro Ari
Published: May 2018

Studies on total productivity in developing countries are scarce, primarily due to the absence of capital stock data, forcing them to use some assumptions to proxy capital stock. These studies are basically static in nature, using the residual to measure productivity, ignoring feedback interactions likely to occur when there is an increase in productivity, i.e., capital formation  augments when productivity increases, or "inspiration gives rise to more perspiration" (Hulten and Srinivasan, 1999). But more seriously, studies on TFP tend to be distant from actual policy environments because they fail to embrace the economy-wide impacts of the changes in productivity. Many policy trade-offs are excluded and hence overlooked.
Kesehatan sebagai Suatu Investasi
Authors: Wisana I Dewa Gede Karma
Published: May 2018

Makalah ini akan meninjau kesehatan sebagai salah satu komponen mutu modal manusia dalam pembangunan. Kesehatan merupakan kebutuhan yang penting bagi manusia. Status kesehatan yang lebih baik secara relatif diinginkan oleh setiap individu manusia yang hidup di muka bumi ini. Setiap individu akan berusaha mencapai status kesehatan tersebut dengan melakukan investasi dan atau mengkonsumsi sejumlah barang dan jasa kesehatan.Dari sudut pandang ekonomi, pentingnya faktor kesehatan bagi manusia akan sangat terkait sekali dengan kualitas sumber daya manusia (quality of human resources). Tinggi rendahnya kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) akan ditentukan oleh status kesehatan, pendidikan, dan tingkat pendapatan per kapita (Ananta dan Hatmajdi, 1985). Dalam kegiatan perekonomian, ketiga faktor tersebut akan menentukan produktivitas SDM sebagai salah satu indikator quality of human resources.
Regional Trading Arrangements in Globalize World : Singapore Experiences with SIJORI and AFTA
Authors: Martawardaya Berly
Published: May 2018

Singapore -success story and development experience is pretty much characterized by the path of open economy. The nation affluence derived form operating as trading post, resulting in one of the highest international exposures to domestic ration in the world, also in the busiest sea and airport. The geographic arrangement has serve Singapore very veil indeed, hence not without effort. This paper will deal with the consequences of such arrangement in the globalize world with some references to Singapore Johor RiaL Growth Triangle as the pioneer of regional trading arrangement which later evolve into more complex institution such as AFTA and APEC.
Agregat Moneter sebagai Sasaran antara Kebijakan Moneter di Indonesia
Authors: Falianty Telisa Aulia
Published: May 2018

Kebijakan moneter di Indonesia sampai tahun 1997 masih terfokus pada target yang konvensional yaitu pertumbuhan uang beredar. Kebijakan moneter akan lebih efektif jika terpelihara hubungan yang stabil antara pertumbuhan uang beredar dengan sasaran akhir, seperti inflasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Namun hubungan ini menjadi tidak stabil karena beberapa faktor, yaitu kebijakan nilai tukar di Indonesia yang bersifat kurang fleksibel, pengaruh deregulasi dan perubahan struktural di sektor keuangan, serta capital account Indonesia terbuka. Faktor-faktor tersebut menyebabkan pergerakan uang beredar menjadi sangat volatile.
Dampak Penerbitan Obligasi Pemerintah
Authors: Parulian Friska
Published: May 2018

This paper is written in order to explain all about the act of issuing government bonds in Indonesia. It starts with the background, which was the collapse of many banks, then, the consequences of this act. The huge number of these bonds relative to all variables in economy such as MI, M2, and also GDP will make some problems in the future. It will burden the budget by worsening the deficit and also influence the allocation. Furthermore it has crowding out effect to the private sector. Another big problem is how to market these bonds. Facing the condition of capital market that still underdeveloped, it will be difficult to sale the bonds. At the last part of this paper, some suggestions that can be implemented in order to solve some of the problems are offered, especially-about the development of the capital market.
Manajemen Inflasi Indonesia Menuju Optimalitas Growth Ekonomi Nasional
Authors: Havid Rozaq Ibrahim Kholilul Rohman , Soekardjono Satria Utama , Mahfudz Nurkholis
Published: May 2018

In the economic literature, the relationship between the growth and inflation has been discussed in different ways with respect to the development stages of the world economy. According to the current view, there is a negative relationship between growth and inflation. This seems to be compatible with the fact that the investments and the economic growth have been negatively affected by the high and chronic inflation rates. Thus, improvement of the long-run growth potential depends on the elimination of the uncertainties that stems from high inflation rates. Developments in commodity, service and financial markets necessitate the countries to perceive the world as a global market. The countries (or provinces in our study now) that appraise this  process of decentralizations could improve their living standards economically and socially if and only if they manage inflation well hence the economic cost and social cost both are minimize for sustainable growth in each province.
Analisa Pengganda dan Distribusi Keuntungan Perdagangan di Wilayah ASEAN
Authors: Parewangi A.M. Alfian , Brodjonegoro Bambang P.S.
Published: May 2018

Matrices of International Trade model shows world equilibrium and the inter-linkage among countries through trade. This approach enable us to decompose trade multiplier into direct import requirement, indirect import requirement, internal and external propagation as components of total trade multiplier. We also can run growth simulation to identify the distribution of trade gain as previously applied by Miyazawa, Hewings and other authors. Using trade flow data from 178 countries, and focusing on the big five ASEAN, we conform the most important role of Singapore and Malaysia in this region. We also find the role of United States and Japan as biggest and most important trading partner. Unsurprisingly, growth simulation shows unequal trade gain distribution between ASEAN countries and their trading partner.
Analisa Produktifitas Tenaga Kerja Sektor Manufaktur di Indonesia
Authors: Syafitri Wildan
Published: May 2018

Labor productivity could be direct measurement of human capital quality as it shows the amount of output that the labor can produce. McConnel and Brue (1995) define labor productivity as ratio between produced output and working hour at certain level of wage. Our research try to analyze the labor productivity on manufacture sector and its explanatory variables by applying cross section data of medium scale industries on 1996 in Indonesia. The estimation result shows the positive significance of education level, the more educated labor will yield higher productivity. We also try to internalize gender issue and we find the more female worker employed, the less productivity of labor force, and consequently will lowering the wage level. Those findings conform not only Human Capital theory by Nelson-Phelps (1966), Lucas (1998) and Aghion and Howitt (1998), but also conform the theory of wage discrimination based on gender as previously stated by Byron and Takahashi (1989) and Hansen and Wahlberg (1997).
Dampak Desentralisasi Fiskal di Indonesia terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Disparitas Antar Daerah: Analisa Model Makro Ekonometrik Simultan
Authors: Dartanto Teguh , Brodjonegoro Bambang P.S.
Published: May 2018

From January 1, 2001, when new autonomy laws were implemented, lndonesia began to move toward decentralization of what had been a highly decentralized. This policy adopts two complimentary laws. Law No.22/1999, which basically the devolution policy, has been accompanied by La No.25/1999, which basically reflect that decentralization policy in Indonesia has adopted the concept of ”money follows function”. Law No.25/1999 describe the fiscal decentralization process that will create a new intergovernmental transfer scheme between the central government and local government. Some of items in the law were really new ones such as the natural resources revenue sharing, income tax sharing, general allocation fund (OAF) and specifics allocation fund (SAF). The policies oftax and natural resource revenue sharing can result in fiscal imbalance among regions. Tax and natural resources revenue sharing will benefit only to urbanized and natural resources rich regions Because of it, Central Government created General Allocation Funds. This fund has block grant characteristic and will be given to regions by fiscal gap conception. The purpose is to equalize fiscal capacity among regions that in turn also can reduce disparity among them. The Simultaneous Macro Econometric Model is made for analyzing the fiscal decentralization impact to economic growth and region disparity. The policy simulation in this model used transfer fund from central government such as Tax Revenue Sharing, Natural Resource Revenue Sharing and General Allocation Fund. The simulation is carried out to see the optimality of various possible existing policies. The optimality is measured by evaluating the high rate of economic growth and low disparity.
Peran Sektor Jasa terhadap Perekonomian DKI Jakarta: Analisis Input-Output
Authors: Hartono Djoni
Published: May 2018

During the development of any transormation will put the services while leaving the primary and diminishing share. Using Input-Output model, we analyse the possibilities of making DKI Jakarta as services town. Based on total forward, total backward linkage and other analysis output, we conform the highest role of services sector in this province. We also find that the final demand for services sector is higher than its intermediate demand, showing this product of this sector is mainly used for direct consumption.
The Interregional Impact of Fiscal Decentralization in Indonesia: Inter Regional Social Accounting Matrix Model
Authors: Utama Satria , Brodjonegoro Bambang P.S.
Published: May 2018

Undang-undang 22/0 dan 25/99 telab merubah pola hubungan pusat-daerah di Indoensia dari pola sentralistik menjadi desentralisis yang efektif berlaku sejak bulan Januari 2001. Lebih jauh pemerintah juga mengeluarkan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) yang mengatur lebih detail tentang kewajiban dan kewenangan daerah, hutang daerah dan hal lainnya, selain beberapa sektor penting seperti sistem peradilan, agama, keamanan dan hal lain yang masih dibawah tanggung jawab dan kewenangan pemerintah pusat.Konsekuensi langsung dari perubahan ini adalah pemerintah harus mengatur pemerataan dan sustainabilitas anggaran antar daerah. Mengingat karakteristik antar daerah sangat bervariasi dalam hal kandungan sumber daya alam, dan sumber daya manusia, dan juga selepas krisis yang menerpa Indonesia, maka permasalahan yang dihadapi pemerintah pusat dalam menjalankan proses desentralisasi ini, menjadi tidak ringan.Satu hal yang jelas, implementasi proses desentralisasi ini, akan mengurangi penerimaan pemerintah pusat secara langsung sementara agenda peningkatan kesejahteraan, penurunan kesenjangan dan upaya peningkatan pertumbuhan lintas wilayah, sudah didepan mata.
Analisa Perilaku Rumah Tangga: Preferensi, Fertilitas, Alokasi Waktu dan Tawar Menawar
Authors: Wicaksono Teguh Yudo
Published: May 2018

Economic scholars in indonesia tends to focus more on market rather than household behavior. This could be caused by their assumption that household behavior often irrational from convensional economic perspective. This paper argue that irrationality behavior is not proven empirically. It is shown that the behavior is economic deterministic; like preference on their child’s gender, time allocation and bargaining process in household. The result shows that females are more preferred than males and this can be explained by economic logic. Nevertheless, position and bargaining power of fem&es still weak in hcusehold. It has proven empirically by some estimation methods with some restrictions. The final objective is the integration of economic science with other social sciences in household behavior analysis in Indonesia
Perkembangan Perbankan Indonesia: Analisis Dampak terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Regional Indonesia dan Penyebab-penyebabnya dengan Data Panel 1983-1999
Authors: Nasrudin Rus’an , Soesilo Nining Indroyono
Published: May 2018

Combining regional growth model and integration of financial institution model, this paper evaluates whether intermediary development influences growth in Indonesia. Recent research has proved that not only banks development influence economic growth positively but also its exogenous components.However, there are several different assumptions during adopt this model in Indonesia. Especially regional approach is differing than national approach in growth model. The point is the existence of intermediary integration across region whit causes the economic agent move freely within a nation.The data show that integration of financial intermediation was not always associated with economic growth. Only four of twenty six provinces which proved strong influence of financial intermediation on economic growth. Labor condition and average annual wages are not exogenous variables which explain growth due to financial intermediation in Indonesia. At least during 1987-1998.