bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZIOŁOLECZNICTWO W OBLICZU KORONAWIRUSA
Authors: BŁECHA Krzysztof
Published: July 2020

Opracowanie to jest przeglądem naturalnych surowców, które mogą zapobiec zarażeniu i wspomóc terapię infekcji wirusem COVID-19. Warunkiem niezarażenia się ww. patogenem, ale także innymi, które wywołują infekcje górnych i dolnych dróg oddechowych, jest wysoka odporność organizmu. Ważnym elementem, który wpływa na prawidłową odporność organizmu jest dieta. Jakie naturalne surowce mogą przyczynić się do poprawy funkcjonowania układu immunologicznego? W pierwszej kolejności warto zwrócić uwagę na produkty pochodzenia pszczelego, a z surowców roślinnych ziela, kwiatu i korzenia jeżówki purpurowej, korzenia lukrecji, miąższu aloesu i korzenia tarczycy bajkalskiej. Wśród surowców o działaniu immunostymulującym należy wymienić również olej z nasion czarnuszki siewnej, czarną hubę (błyskoporek podkorowy) oraz liście melisy i kwiaty rumianku. Wzmocnienie odporności to także utrzymywaniedobrego nastroju oraz redukcja stresu. Drugim atutem produktów naturalnych, który można wykorzystać w profilaktyce i leczeniu, jest działanie przeciwwirusowe. Właściwość tą potwierdzono dla wielu surowców, ale na szczególną uwagę zasługują te, w skład których wchodzą olejki eteryczne. Z informacji jakie dostarczają aktualnie media krajem, który najlepiej radzi sobie z epidemią koronawirusa są Chiny. Dzieje się to dzięki połączeniu medycyny akademickiej i naturalnej. W opracowaniu przytoczono fragment publikacji Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment opracowanej przez lekarzy chińskich, zwrócono szczególną uwagę na stosowane przez nich receptury.
The Dilemmas of Our Technological Civilization
Authors: Werle Józef ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2020

This essay discusses the universal aspects of our present civilization created largely by the progress of science and technology. It has brought many unprecedented, direct and indirect, definitely positive achievements in the material and cultural, economic and political spheres. Unfortunately, this has been accompanied by the emergence of equally unprecedented dangers: of nuclear or chemical war, global pollution of the environment, squandering of natural resources, spreading of egoistic, hedonistic attitudes and other social and moral maladies. Concerning the ecological problems the author is moderately optimistic, as he points out that the negative trends can be reversed by applying strong control and successive introduction of new pro-ecological technologies. This, however, requires not only a better understanding of these problems, but also good will and accord on behalf of the decision makers and common citizens. It is also necessary to find satisfactory models of moral and social order that would be suitable also for poor countries.
Dialogue and Meaning
Authors: Elders Fons ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2020

The dialogue is a common search for truth, because its aim is to gain insight into reality through the interplay of its participants. The dialogue form, i.e. an exchange of thought processes, reflects the structure of the human mind which is involved in an ongoing process of reflections and constructions. This process mirrors consciously and unconsciously the centrifugal and centripetal movements of the human body and of all organic matter. For these reasons, I argue that the praxis of dialogue represents a truly human lifestyle, not limited to one specific worldview. Its form reveals implicitly various levels of meaning.
Fundamento constitucional del uso alternativo al Derecho
Authors: Laso José María
Published: July 2020

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Liga Comunista Revolucionaria
Authors: - -
Published: July 2020

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Modelos históricos del fascismo III
Authors: Pastor Manuel
Published: July 2020

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La regulación jurídica de la reforma agraria en Portugal (1974-76)
Authors: Núñez Rivero José María Cayetano , González Hernández Juan Carlos
Published: July 2020

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Repertorio bibliográfico sobre la transición sociopolítica española
Authors: Herrero Lera Miguel
Published: July 2020

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RESEÑA de : Viver Pi-Sunyer, Garles. El personal político de Franco (1936-1945). Barcelona:Vicens-Vives, 1978
Authors: Calvo Marta Antonia
Published: July 2020

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Anotaciones a los Decretos-leyes de convocatoria de los referenda autonómicos en el País Vasco y Cataluña : vigencia de la Constitución y reseva de ley orgánica
Authors: Linde Paniagua Enrique
Published: July 2020

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El delegado de Gobierno en la comunidades autónomas
Authors: Calvo González María Antonia
Published: July 2020

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Hacia una comprensión de la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera
Authors: Ben-Ami Shlomo
Published: July 2020

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Polarización, fragmentación y competición en las democracias occidentales
Authors: Sani Giacomo , Sartori Giovanni
Published: July 2020

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Las elecciones al "Folketing" danés
Authors: - -
Published: July 2020

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Elecciones en Japón
Authors: Sánchez González Santiago
Published: July 2020

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Marketing turístico y fiestas locales: estudio de caso de Las Fallas de Valencia
Authors: Ruiz Feo Iris
Published: July 2020

El artículo pretende mostrar la necesidad de emplear estrategias de marketing turístico en la oferta de la Fiesta de las Fallas que tienen lugar en Valencia (España), declaradas Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad en 2016. Se desarrolla la teoría acerca de esta herramienta, argumentando las características y capacidades del evento y fundamentando su importancia como pieza clave en el desarrollo del turismo cultural valenciano. Los datos recogidos y las entrevistas abiertas realizadas manifiestan que la Fiesta de las Fallas debe considerarse un producto turístico y emplear estrategias que muestren la autenticidad y singularidad de Valencia como destino turístico.

The article aims is to show the need to apply tourist marketing strategies on The Fallas Festival’s offer which taking place in Valencia (Spain), declared Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016. The theory about this tool is developed in this article, arguing the festival’s characteristics and capabilities and substantiating its importance as a cornerstone in the development of valencian cultural tourism.The data collected and the open-ended interviews indicate than The Fallas Festival should be considered a tourist product and use strategies showing the Valencia’s authenticity and singularity as a tourist destination.
An Evaluation of Combustion Kinetics for the Synthesis Reaction of the Reinforcing Phase During Casting Phase During Casting
Authors: Wiktor Tomasz , Sobula Sebastian , Burbelko Andryi , Ptasznik Michał
Published: July 2020

The computer modeling of the solidification process in castings with local composite reinforcement (LCR) obtained as a result of in situ reactions of self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) is difficult due to limited data on the thermo-physical parameters of exothermic effects and the kinetics of the synthesis reaction. In the present study, Hadfield cast steel casting was manufactured with LCR containing titanium carbide particles obtained in situ by the SHS method. Reaction kinetics of titanium carbide synthesis in the composite casting were determined on the basis of temperature measurements in the area of LCR during the process. For the estimation of the reaction, the Fourier Thermal Analysis method was used. The paper presents the results of temperature measurement and the results of the calculation of SHS reaction kinetics. It was found that the reaction time under the conditions of the analyzed casting is below 3 s.
Pots vs trammel nets: a catch comparison study in a Mediterranean small-scale fishery
Authors: Petetta Andrea , Vasapollo Claudio , Virgili Massimo , Bargione Giada , Lucchetti Alessandro
Published: July 2020

Passive bottom-set nets are the most widely used fishing gears in Mediterranean small-scale fisheries (SSFs). Trammel nets, in particular, have key advantages such as their ease of use and handling and high capture efficiency for numerous commercial species. However, they entail high discard rates (5–44% of the total catch) connected to high mortality, thus exerting an adverse impact on benthic communities, besides catching individuals of commercial species under the minimum conservation reference size (MCRS) and specimens of protected species. Fish pots are seen as alternative and a more sustainable gear type that allow reducing discards in SSFs. In this study, a collapsible pot was tested at three coastal sites in the north-western Adriatic Sea (GFCM GSA 17) to compare its catch efficiency with that of the local traditional trammel nets. Data analysis demonstrated a similar catch efficiency for the commercial species, both among sites and as a whole. Moreover, the trammel net caught a larger amount of discards, both in terms of species number and of CPUEW. The catch comparison study involved the two most abundant landed species, common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis and annular sea bream Diplodus annularis. The pots were more effective for S. officinalis, whereas the trammel net was more effective for the shorter length classes for D. annularis, which were mostly under the MCRS (12 cm). The innovative pots could provide a valuable alternative to the trammel nets traditionally used in the Adriatic Sea, at least in certain areas and periods. Their main advantages include that they do not require a different rigging and they can be used without bait, while their foldable design allows large numbers to be easily loaded on board SSF vessels. The results of this pilot study indicate that pots can achieve the objectives of reducing discards and bycatch in SSFs without penalizing the catch of commercial species.
Distribution of Blacktip Reef Sharks (Carcharinus melanopterus) Based on Habitat Characteristics by the Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) Method in Morotai Waters of North Maluku
Authors: Sentosa Wahyu Budi , Nurruhwati Isni , Apriliani Izza M. , Khan Alexander M. A.
Published: July 2020

Morotai has abundant marine biological resources, sharks being one of them. The blacktip reef shark is one of the dominant types of coral reef sharks in Morotai waters. Worldwide shark are threatened due to the demand for shark fins and over fishing, to protect sharks is important to know their distribution so protected areas can be established. This research aims to examine the distribution of blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) based on habitat characteristics in the Morotai Waters. Through surveys and observation of coral cover, using the Line Intercept Transect (PIT) method and the Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) to record the blacktip reef sharks who passed by the coral reef. Water quality parameters measured include temperature, salinity, visibility, acidity, current type, tides, and moon phases. Blacktip reef sharks were found in three of the four research stations. Station 4 was the one with the most blacktip reef shark appearances, amounting to 91 individuals. This station has the lowest sloping contour and has the smallest live coral cover of only 1%. Station 4 is dominated by sand covering 40%. All water quality parameters influence blacktip reef shark occurrence. The highest appearance of the blacktip reef shark happens during the new moon phase, when the tides are loose and the currents are quite strong.
Pre-service Teachers Perception, Knowledge and Attitudes toward Stigmatization of Mentally Ill Patients in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile- Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Idowu Adekemi Quamariyat , Adeyemi Babatunde Adeniyi
Published: July 2020

The study investigated the pre- service teachers’ perception, knowledge and attitudes towards stigmatization of mentally ill patient in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile- Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. It further examined the perceived causes of stigmatization, effect of stigmatization on mentally ill- patients as well as the measure that can be adopted to reduce and eliminate stigmatization of mentally ill patients in our society. It further investigated the influence of gender on pre- service teachers’ perception and attitude towards stigmatization of mentally ill patients on one hand and the influence of gender on pre- service teachers’ knowledge of mental illness on the other. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The population consisted of all pre- service teachers in the Faculty of Education. The sample comprised 400 pre- service teachers randomly selected across four departments in the faculty. Data for the study were collected using a questionnaire titled “Questionnaire on Pre- service Teachers Perception, Knowledge and Attitudes towards Stigmatization of Mentally Ill- Patients”. Data collected were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, Relative Significance Index and chi- square statistical method of analysis. The results showed the major causes of stigmatization with their respective Relative Significance Index (RSI) values as perceived dangerous and unpredictable behaviour of mentally ill patients (RSI=0.75); lack of recognition of mental illness as other illness (RSI=0.71); inability to live independently (RSI=0.71). It is concluded that the perception of pre-service teachers towards stigmatization of mentally ill patients as well as adequate knowledge of mental illness did not reflect on their attitude towards the phenomenon.
Santalum album L. Derived Phytochemicals against Jaundice
Authors: Sahu Sonupriya , Sahoo Ashok Kumar , Mishra Rukmini , Panigrahi G. K. , Dash Sonali , Bhattacharyay Dipankar
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals are produced by plants as secondary metabolites to protect the plants from predators. When the parts of the plant, which are rich in different phytochemical constituents, are consumed by humans, they can cure different diseases. Phytochemicals from Santalum album plant extract are traditionally used to cure Jaundice. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that Isohamnetin can effectively deactivate the enzyme, thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Eclipta alba L. Derived Phytochemicals against Escherichia coli Causing Diarrhea
Authors: Rani Krishna , Mohanty Aischarya , Parida Sagarika , Mohanty Manisha , Sahu Subhashree , Nayak Sanchayita , Mohanty Sutapa
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Eclipta alba L. plant extract are traditionally used to cure Diarrhea. It is caused by Escherichia coli. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that Pentadecanone can effectively deactivate the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme (protein database code 4GKV) thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Bixa orellana Derived Phytochemicals against Entamoeba histolytica Causing Dysentery
Authors: Parida Sonali , Nayak Jogesh Kumar , Jena Anindita , Tabish Arsia , Sahoo Archita , Pani Ananya , Mishra Rukmini
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Bixa orellana plant extract are traditionally used to cure Dysentery. It is caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that benzoin acid can effectively deactivate the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Bixa orellana L. Derived Phytochemicals against Alcohol Dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli
Authors: Parida Sonali , Jena Anindita , Nayak Jogesh Kumar , Dash Sonali , Bhattacharyay Dipankar
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Bixa orellana L. plant extract are traditionally used to cure Jaundice. It is caused by Escherichia coli. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of         -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that benzoic acid can effectively deactivate the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Vaccinium corymbosum L. Derived Phytochemicals against Diarrhea
Authors: Sahoo Diptiprajnya , Nayak Minati , Jena Anindita , Bhattacharyay Dipankar , Pandey Mukundjee
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Vaccinium corymbosum L. plant extract are traditionally used to cure diarrhea. It is caused by Escherichia coli.  Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that cafferic acid can effectively deactivate the shikimate dehydrogenase thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebt. Derived Phytochemicals Used in the Treatment of Diarrhea
Authors: Naik Chinmayee , Rout Krutanjali , Pandey Mukundjee , Samal Ipsita Priyadarsini , Sahoo Shibani , Mohapatra Abhinash
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebt. plant extract are traditionally used to cure diarrhea. It is caused by Escherichia coli. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that p-cymene can effectively deactivate the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Pavonia odorata Derived Phytochemicals against Entamoeba histolytica Causing Dysentery
Authors: Nayak Jogesh Kumar , Sahu Suraj Kumar , Swain Sitaram , Bhattacharyay Dipankar , Pandey Mukundjee
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Pavonia odorata plant extract are traditionally used to cure Dysentery. It is caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that palmitic acid can effectively deactivate the Alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Moringa oleifera Derived Phytochemicals against 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate Reductase of Salmonella typhi Causing Typhoid
Authors: Behera Sonali Suchismita , Suvadarshini Seema , Mohapatra Ipsita Aparajita , Dash Sonali , Sahoo Akshaya Kumar , Nayak Soumyashree , Mohanty Meenakshee , Majhi Punya Prateek , Pradhan Srimay
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Moringa oleifera plant extract can cure Typhoid. It is caused by Salmonella typhi. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that 4,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide can effectively deactivate the 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Nigella sativa Derived Phytochemicals against Cough
Authors: Sahoo Diptiprajnya , Nayak Minati , Ray Sidhartha , Pandey Mukundjee , Bhatta Kalpita , Palei Sushree Susmita , Rautaray Debasmita
Published: July 2020

Nigella sativa plant extract is traditionally used to cure cough. It is caused by Bordetella pertussis. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that p-cymene can effectively deactivate the adenylate cyclase thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Migrant Remittances and Economic Growth: The Role of Financial Efficiency
Authors: Paul Ningaye , Barnabé Abba Yadou , Ghislain Balla Mekongo Célestin
Published: July 2020

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between migrant remittances and economic growth by considering the role of financial efficiency in 34 African countries from 1995 to 2016. The methodology is based on a GMM system model and a Pooled Mean Group (PMG) on a sample of 34 African countries. The empirical results show us the following conclusions: (i) Migrant remittances and financial efficiency have a positive impact on economic growth. (ii) The interaction between remittances and financial efficiency has a negative impact on economic growth. (iii) Migrant remittances have a long-term impact on economic growth. (iv) The combined effect of migrant remittances and financial efficiency has a negative impact on economic growth. Moreover, this impact is more pronounced in low-and middle-income countries. To better benefit from migrant remittances, recipient countries need to focus on financial development.
Single‐Shot Mesoporous Silica Rods Scaffold for Induction of Humoral Responses Against Small Antigens
Authors: Dellacherie Maxence O. , Li Aileen , Lu Beverly Y. , Verbeke Catia S. , Gu Luo , Stafford Alexander G. , Doherty Edward J. , Mooney David J.
Published: July 2020

Vaccines have shown significant promise in eliciting protective and therapeutic responses. However, most effective vaccines require several booster shots, and it is challenging to generate responses against synthetic molecules and peptides often used to increase target specificity and improve vaccine stability. As continuous antigen uptake and processing by antigen‐presenting cells and persistent toll‐like receptor priming can amplify humoral immunity, it is explored whether a single injection of a mesoporous silica micro‐rod (MSR) vaccine containing synthetic molecules and peptides can generate potent and durable humoral immunity. A single injection of the vaccine targeting a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) decapeptide elicits high anti‐GnRH titer for over 12 months and generated higher titers than bolus or alum formulations. Targeting a Her2/neu peptide within the Trastuzumab binding domain causes immunoreactivity to Her2 on tumor cells and, MSR vaccines against nicotine generated long‐term anti‐nicotine antibodies. A single MSR injection induced germinal center (GC) activity for more than 3 weeks, generated memory B cells, and 7 days of immunostimulation by the vaccine is required to generate effective antibody responses. The MSR vaccine represents a promising technology to bypass the need for multiple immunizations and enhance long‐term antibody production in the context of reproductive biology, cancer, and chronic addiction.
A Universal Method to Enhance Flexibility and Stability of Organic Solar Cells by Constructing Insulating Matrices in Active Layers
Authors: Han Jianhua , Bao Feng , Huang Da , Wang Xunchang , Yang Chunming , Yang Renqiang , Jian Xigao , Wang Jinyan , Bao Xichang , Chu Junhao
Published: July 2020

With the rapid development of power conversion efficiency (PCE), flexibility–stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) are becoming one of the primary barriers for commercialization. This work shows that insulating poly(aryl ether) (PAE) resins have highly twisted‐stiff backbones without any side chains, which possess excellent mechanical stability, thermal stability, and good compatibility with organic photovoltaic materials. After introducing 5 wt% PAE resin as supporting matrices into the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer, the device yields a high PCE of 16.13%. Importantly, the devices show impressive flexibility and improved stability with passivated morphology, such as PM6/Y6‐based devices with 30 wt% PAE retains the PCE of 15.17% and exhibits enhanced 4.4‐fold elongation at break (25.07%). This is the recorded stretchability of the BHJ layer for OSCs with PCE > 8%, and morphological changes during tensile deformation are first investigated by in situ wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements. The PAE matrices strategy exhibits good universality in the other four photovoltaic systems. These results demonstrate that heat‐resistant PAE resins serve as supporting matrices with a tunneling effect into OSCs without sacrificing photovoltaic performance and simultaneously improve the flexibility and stability of devices, which can play an important role in promoting the development of stable and wearable electronics.
Desulfitative Thioalkylation of Alkenes
Authors: Cao Lidong , Jimeno Ciril , Renaud Philippe
Published: July 2020

An efficient method for the thioalkylation of alkenes via radical desulfitative sulfur‐group transfer is described. The reaction is based on the use of readily available thiosulfonates as starting materials and cheap radical initiators such as dilauroyl peroxide (DLP) and sun lamp irradiation. No transition metal catalyst is required, and the reaction takes place under mild conditions.

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Intensification enhances litter carbon and nitrogen decomposition dynamics in subtropical grazinglands
Authors: Kohmann Marta M. , Sanchez Joao M. D. , Silveira Maria L. , Brandani Carolina B. , Baldo Amanda , Borges Bernardo M. M. N. , Ribeirinho Victor S. , Vendramini Joao M. B.
Published: July 2020

Increased grazing land management intensification through the selection of productive species and the use of N affects the amount and quality of C and N inputs to the soil. This study evaluated the short‐term impacts of litter quality on litter decomposition and C and N distribution among soil size–density fractions. A 168‐d litter bag mesocosm experiment and a 120‐d incubation study evaluated the decomposition of three perennial species [rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth., RP), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge; BG), and saw‐palmetto (Serenoa repens Bartr., SP)] on grazing land soils with contrasting C concentrations (3.4 and 18 g C kg−1; Buck Island Ranch and Ona, respectively). Soil did not affect litter decomposition. There was less remaining biomass at the end of incubation for RP and BG (58%) than SP (79%). Nitrogen immobilization occurred on SP litter, probably because of its high initial lignin/N and fiber‐bound N/N ratios (43 and 384 g kg−1 organic matter, respectively). Litter had no effect on soil C and N concentrations in size–density fractions; however, greater proportions of C and N (∼47 and 59%, respectively) were found in the light‐free fraction. Nitrogen addition promoted C and N accumulation in the mineral fraction. These results suggest plant litter chemical characteristics played a more important role on litter decomposition than soil C and N concentrations. Management intensification through changes in plant species and N fertilization had positive effects on C and N dynamics in coarse‐textured soils, with enhanced decomposability of cultivated forage species relative to native vegetation.
Indian child with novel variant in OFD1 gene
Authors: Panigrahi Inusha , Ahuja Chirag , Chaudhry Chakshu
Published: July 2020

Orofaciodigital syndrome (OFD) can have variable phenotype and presents with oral anomalies, facial dysmorphism, and digital malformations like syndactyly, and polydactyly. Other presentations also include renal and cardiac defects, and central nervous system anomalies like hydrocephalus and cerebellar abnormalities. OFD1 is a X‐linked dominant form of the syndrome presenting in females with mutations in CXorf5 or OFD1 gene. We describe a young child with sparse hairs, milia over face and absence of corpus callosum. Next generation sequencing showed frameshift pathogenic variant in the exon 13 of the OFD1 gene, consistent with diagnosis of OFD1.
How many Australian veterans are homeless? Reporting prevalence findings and method from a national study
Authors: Hilferty Fiona , Katz Ilan , Van Hooff Miranda , Lawrence‐Wood Ellie
Published: July 2020

This article presents findings from an Australian study of veteran homelessness (Hilferty, Katz et al. 2019). The AHURI Inquiry into Homelessness Amongst Australian Veterans was funded by the Department of Veterans' Affairs (DVA) to estimate the number of homeless veterans and to examine veterans' pathways into homelessness, service usage patterns and ways that service responses may be improved. This article presents the prevalence findings and describes the method employed by the research team. Drawing on primary data and extrapolating results to a larger sample of veterans, the researchers estimate that approximately 5,800 contemporary veterans experience homelessness over a 12‐month period in Australia. This estimate – the first ever to be based on primary data – indicates that veteran homelessness is a much larger problem than previously estimated and deserves priority attention from policymakers and sectoral representatives.
Hepatoblastoma with multiple tumors in a school‐aged child
Authors: Takaki Yugo , Yamashita Takahiro , Kataoka Natsumi , Yokoyama Satomi , Anan Tadashi , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Yoshimoto Kazuhiko , Hayashida Shintaro , Yamamoto Hirotoshi , Hibi Taizo , Migita Masahiro
Published: July 2020

Clinicians need to consider hepatoblastoma in the differential even in school‐aged children or adolescents presenting with multiple liver tumors.
Discovery of a Lead Brain‐Penetrating Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist with Saturable Binding in Brain
Authors: Bekker Roberto B. W. , Fjellaksel Richard , Hjornevik Trine , Nuruddin Syed , Rafique Waqas , Hansen Jørn H. , Sundset Rune , Haraldsen Ira H. , Riss Patrick J.
Published: July 2020

We report the synthesis, radiosynthesis and biological characterisation of two gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor (GnRH−R) antagonists with nanomolar binding affinity. A small library of GnRH−R antagonists was synthesised in 20–67 % overall yield with the aim of identifying a high‐affinity antagonist capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier. Binding affinity to rat GnRH−R was determined by autoradiography in competitive‐binding studies against [125I]buserelin, and inhibition constants were calculated by using the Cheng–Prusoff equation. The radioligands were obtained in 46–79 % radiochemical yield and >95 % purity and with a molar activity of 19–38 MBq/nmol by direct nucleophilic radiofluorination. Positron emission tomography imaging in rat under baseline conditions in comparison to pretreatment with a receptor‐saturating dose of GnRH antagonist revealed saturable uptake (0.1 %ID/mL) into the brain.
Maximal Hypersurfaces over Exterior Domains
Authors: Hong Guanghao , Yuan Yu
Published: July 2020

Exterior problems for the maximal surface equation are studied. We obtain the precise asymptotic behavior of the exterior solution at infinity. We also prove that the exterior Dirichlet problem is uniquely solvable for admissible boundary data and prescribed asymptotic behavior at infinity. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Spatial variation of soybean seed yield and nutrient requirement in Northeast China
Authors: Zhao Shicheng , Schwalbert Rai , Lin Xiaomao , Xu Xinpeng , Ciampitti Ignacio
Published: July 2020

Soils and climate influence soil nutrient supply, crop nutrient demand, and potential yield. We collected soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] data of seed yield and nutrient uptake from field students (n = 657) in Northeast China (2001–2017) to study spatial distribution of attainable yield, yield response to fertilizer, and crop nutrient requirements at regional scale. The study area was divided in four weather regions based on daily average temperature and cumulative precipitation during the soybean growth season. Average attainable yield was 3.2, 3.1, 2.9, and 2.6 Mg ha–1 in warm‐wet, warm‐dry, cold‐wet, and cold‐dry regions, respectively. Soybean yield response to N, P, and K fertilizers and requirement of these nutrients presented the following order for each region from high to low: cold‐wet > warm‐dry > cold‐dry > warm‐wet regions, with exception for K requirement. In overall, spatial correlation in yield response to fertilizer and nutrient requirement ranked in the following order: P > K > N across all the climate regions. Based on the variation in attainable yield, balanced fertilization should be pursued to more sustainable higher soybean yields in the warm‐dry and cold‐wet regions with favorable weather conditions; while for the cold‐dry region, fertilization needs to address the topic of improving P use efficiency, as future research prioritizes from both environmental and productivity standpoints.
Effective cache replacement policy for packet processing cache
Authors: Yamaki Hayato
Published: July 2020

Owing to the explosive increase in Internet traffic, increasing the throughput and energy efficiency of core routers is an important issue for future internet. Accessing the ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) in a core router can significantly degrade its throughput and energy efficiency owing to its low operating frequency and power consuming operations. To improve the throughput and energy‐efficiency of core routers, packet processing caches (PPCs) can be potentially used. PPCs can reduce the number of TCAM accesses by storing the TCAM lookup results in a fast and low‐energy cache memory and reusing them to process subsequent packets. To enhance the PPC performance, it is important to reduce the number of PPC misses. However, the PPC miss rate of the state‐of‐the‐art PPC is still high owing to its small capacity. In this study, we propose an effective cache replacement policy, called elevator cache (ELC) to improve the PPC miss rate. Our simulation results showed that the 8‐way ELC, which can be implementable at low hardware cost, reduced the number of PPC misses by 17.1% and 5.67% in comparison to the 4‐way least recently used (LRU) and the 4‐way ELC, respectively. Consequently, it was found that the 8‐way ELC can achieve a 1.21 times higher throughput (560 Gbps) while consuming 83% energy in comparison to conventional PPCs.
Comparison of in vitro and in vivo models for the elucidation of metabolic patterns of 7‐azaindole‐derived synthetic cannabinoids exemplified using cumyl‐5F‐P7AICA
Authors: Walle Nadja , Nordmeier Frederike , Doerr Adrian A. , Peters Benjamin , Laschke Matthias W. , Menger Michael D. , Schmidt Peter H. , Meyer Markus R. , Schaefer Nadine
Published: July 2020

Due to the dynamic market involving synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), the determination of analytical targets is challenging in clinical and forensic toxicology. SCs usually undergo extensive metabolism, and therefore their main metabolites must be identified for the detection in biological matrices, particularly in urine. Controlled human studies are usually not possible for ethical reasons; thus, alternative models must be used. The aim of this work was to predict the in vitro and in vivo metabolic patterns of 7‐azaindole‐derived SCs using 1‐(5‐fluoropentyl)‐N‐(2‐phenylpropan‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrollo[2,3‐b]pyridin‐3‐carboxamide (cumyl‐5F‐P7AICA) as an example. Different in vitro (pooled human liver S9 fraction, pooled human liver microsomes, and pig liver microsomes) and in vivo (rat and pig) systems were compared. Monooxygenase isoenzymes responsible for the most abundant phase I steps, namely oxidative defluorination (OF) followed by carboxylation, monohydroxylation, and ketone formation, were identified. In both in vivo models, OF/carboxylation and N‐dealkylation/monohydroxylation/sulfation could be detected. Regarding pHS9 and pig urine, monohydroxylation/sulfation or glucuronidation was also abundant. Furthermore, the parent compound could still be detected in all models. Initial monooxygenase activity screening revealed the involvement of CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5. Therefore, in addition to the parent compound, the OF/carboxylated and monohydroxylated (and sulfated or glucuronidated) metabolites can be recommended as urinary targets. In comparison to literature, the pig model predicts best the human metabolic pattern of cumyl‐5F‐P7AICA. Furthermore, the pig model should be suitable to mirror the time‐dependent excretion pattern of parent compounds and metabolites.
Wiring techniques for large size silicon probe using electroplating
Authors: Aono Takanori , Kanamaru Masatoshi , Kohno Ryuji , Hosogane Atsushi
Published: July 2020

To realize an uniformization of wiring thickness on a large size silicon probe, a design of wiring to supply current and electroplating conditions were analytically and experimentally evaluated. Circuit simulations adopted with nonlinear resistance elements clarified the distribution of current density on silicon probes. The voltage drop of current
supply wiring on the silicon probe was necessary to be decreased to uniformize the thickness of wirings. Thus, the resistance of current
supply wiring was decreased, and the bypass wirings were set on the silicon probe for decreasing the current distribution. As a result, the thickness of wirings was uniformized in the thick deviation of less than 1 µm on the silicon probe units. The experiments were qualitatively consistent with the circuit simulations.
How do conditions at birth influence early‐life growth rates in wild boar?
Authors: Veylit Lara , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Baubet Eric , Gamelon Marlène
Published: July 2020

Weather conditions and population density individuals experience at birth influence their life‐history traits and thereby population dynamics. Early‐life individual growth is a key fitness‐related trait; however, how it is affected by such conditions at birth remains to be explored. Taking advantage of long‐term monitoring of three wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations living in contrasting ecological contexts, we assess how weather conditions (temperature and precipitation) and the number of removed individuals at birth influence early‐life growth rates. We found that the number of individuals removed before the early‐growth period had a positive effect on early‐life growth rate across sites. This might be interpreted as a density‐dependent response involving an increase in food availability per capita that favors faster growth. Alternatively, if the number of removed individuals increases with population density, this result might be attributable to decreasing litter sizes at high density, leading mothers to allocate more resources to individual offspring, which favors higher juvenile growth rates. Early‐life growth rates also increased with springtime temperature and decreasing precipitation. Thus, early‐life growth is expected to increase in response to warmer and drier springs, which should become more frequent in the future under current climate change. We found that conditions at birth explained very little among‐year variation in early‐life growth rates (i.e., weak cohort effects) and that within‐year variation in early‐life growth rates was more likely caused by strong individual differences.
Size matters: trap size primarily determines prey spectra differences among sympatric species of carnivorous sundews
Authors: Krueger Thilo , Cross Adam T. , Fleischmann Andreas
Published: July 2020

Even though carnivorous plants (CPs) are a popular focus of ecological research, surprisingly few studies have investigated their prey spectra (the number and composition of captured prey). This knowledge gap has important implications for our understanding of sympatric speciation processes in CPs and may potentially hinder effective conservation and ecological restoration efforts. We applied a novel photography‐based analysis method to characterize the in situ prey spectra of eight species from Drosera sect. Arachnopus, including five species that were studied across multiple populations in northern Australia. The prey spectra of all studied species predominantly comprised of flying insects, with small Nematocera (Diptera) being the most common prey group across all species. While the prey spectra of most species varied significantly among locations, differences in prey spectra among sympatric species were most strongly determined by trap size. The number of prey captured per plant and per centimeter of trapping leaf was strongly associated with increasing leaf length, and species with larger trapping leaves also captured comparatively greater numbers of large prey items than species producing smaller trapping leaves. Although niche segregation in prey spectra was not observed at any of the study sites, at one location D. fragrans (a species producing a strong, honey‐like scent from trapping leaves) was found to capture significantly more winged Hymenoptera than the unscented sympatric D. aquatica, potentially indicating selective prey attraction in D. fragrans. Small species (such as D. nana) captured a disproportionally low amount of prey, despite being relatively widespread over large areas of northern Australia. Results indicate that carnivory may not have been a primary driver of diversification in D. sect. Arachnopus.
Lactic acidosis incidence with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A retrospective nested case‐control study
Authors: Alvarez Carlos A. , Halm Ethan A. , Pugh Mary Jo V. , McGuire Darren K. , Hennessy Sean , Miller Richard T. , Lingvay Ildiko , Vouri Scott M. , Zullo Andrew R. , Yang Hui , Chansard Matt , Mortensen Eric M.
Published: July 2020

Objective

Compare rates of lactic acidosis (LA) among metformin‐exposed and unexposed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and varying degrees of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Research Design and Methods

Retrospective, nested case‐control study using data from national VA Corporate Data Warehouse. All adult patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD newly dispensed any antihyperglycaemic medication during FY 2003‐13 were included. The outcome was LA hospitalization or serum lactate >5 mEq/L. Exposure to metformin was evaluated in the three months prior to event. Estimates were adjusted for 31 covariates, including demographics, comorbidities and medications.

Results

Overall, 320 882 patients were included, contributing a total of 1 331 784 person‐years of follow‐up. LA occurred in 2 665 patients, generating an overall incidence rate of 2.00 (95% CI 1.93‐2.08) per 1000 person‐years. Metformin exposure in the prior 3 months was associated with an elevated adjusted hazard of LA (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.69‐2.29). No association was evident in patients with CKD stage 1 or 2 (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.71‐1.57), but associations were present and progressively greater in patients with CKD stage 3a through 5: HR 3.09, 95% CI 2.19‐4.35 in CKD 3a, HR 3.34, 95% CI 1.95‐5.72 in CKD 3b, HR 7.87, 95% CI 3.51‐17.61 in CKD stage 4&5.

Conclusion

Metformin was not associated with an elevated risk of LA in persons with stage 1‐2 CKD, but was associated with a progressively higher risk at more advanced stages of CKD.
The Single and Combined Effects of Wildfire Runoff and Sediment-Bound Copper on the Freshwater Amphipod Hyalella azteca
Authors: Plomp Raegan D. , Klemish Jaimie L. , Pyle Gregory G.
Published: July 2020

The frequency of wildfire is expected to increase with time as a function of climate change. Recent studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can cause greater-than-additive effects in Hyalella azteca in the presence of low concentrations of Cu. We hypothesized that freshwater animals inhabiting Cu-contaminated sites, such as those in the vicinity of Cu mines, may be vulnerable to nonadditive toxicity from contaminants released by wildfires. To investigate the interaction between Cu and water conditioned by burnt wood ash (fire extract), we exposed H. azteca for 14 d to binary mixtures of 225 mg/kg Cu-enriched artificial sediment (225 mg Cu/kg) and a fire extract dilution series (12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). All binary mixtures of Cu-enriched sediment and fire extract resulted in complete mortality with the exception of Cu-enriched sediment + 12.5% fire extract. The combination of Cu-enriched sediment with 12.5% fire extract had a more-than-additive effect on survival and tissue Cu concentration, but there was no reduction in growth or acetylcholinesterase activity compared to the 225 mg/kg Cu–contaminated sediment or fire extract control, respectively. Acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly reduced in amphipods exposed to fire extract, but the presence of Cu did not exacerbate this effect. The results suggest that Cu-contaminated water bodies that receive runoff from wildfires are at risk of enhanced toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1988–1997. © 2020 SETAC
Accounting comparability and the value relevance of earnings and book value
Authors: Chen Bingyi , Kurt Ahmet C. , Wang Irene Guannan
Published: July 2020

The value relevance of financial statements is of great significance to investors and standard setters. The present research examines whether accounting comparability among industry peers enhances the value relevance of earnings and book value. This is an important question because both the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the Securities Exchange Commission seek greater comparability in financial reporting. However, there is limited empirical evidence on how comparability affects the value relevance of accounting information in the United States. Our results show that accounting comparability increases the value relevance of earnings, but not book value. That is, when firms exhibit greater accounting comparability vis‐à‐vis industry peers, investors attach higher value to reported earnings. In terms of economic significance, the value relevance of earnings is 25.2% higher when accounting comparability is higher by one standard deviation. However, the incremental benefits of accounting comparability are attenuated when financial reporting opacity is high or when there exists an internal control material weakness over financial reporting. In contrast, comparability benefits are enhanced when an industry specialist auditor is employed. Our results are robust to using different model specifications.
Efficiency of equivalence‐based instruction: A laboratory evaluation
Authors: Petursdottir Anna Ingeborg , Oliveira Juliana S. C. D.
Published: July 2020

In equivalence‐based instruction (EBI), a large number of stimulus relations can be established through direct instruction of a smaller number of strategically selected relations. We evaluated the efficiency and other potential benefits of EBI in 2 between‐subjects experiments with college students that compared EBI with complete instruction (CI). In Experiment 1 (n = 50), mastery criteria in both conditions required an equal number of equally sized trial blocks at equal accuracy. Under those conditions, trials to passing posttests did not differ significantly between groups during the establishment of 3‐member classes or during expansion to 4‐ and 5‐member classes. In Experiment 2 (n = 48), mastery criteria were equated across conditions in terms of the number of consecutive correct trials required for each trial type. Under those conditions, EBI required fewer trials to complete than did CI. Neither experiment found an advantage of EBI over CI in terms of facilitating future learning or maintenance of class‐consistent responding. Overall, the results suggest that greater efficiency of EBI compared to CI may largely be attributed to learning assessment practices, but additional research is warranted with additional EBI training structures and trial arrangements.
Long non‐coding RNA CASC19 facilitates non‐small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting the miR‐301b‐3p/LDLR axis
Authors: Wang Lijun , Lin Cunzhi , Sun Nina , Wang Qiang , Ding Xiaoqian , Sun Yong
Published: July 2020

Background

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a lethal tumor resulting in a large number of cancer‐related deaths globally. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may modulate tumor initiation and metastasis. Although dysregulation of lncRNA cancer susceptibility 19 (CASC19) is validated in NSCLC, further exploration of the CASC19‐regulated mechanism in NSCLC is still needed.

Methods

CASC19 expression was examined in NSCLC cells by a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. The specific role of CASC19 in NSCLC was analyzed by cell counting kit‐8, EdU, Transwell and western blot assays. The interaction between miR‐301b‐3p and CASC19 or low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) was confirmed by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays.

Results

CASC19 is markedly overexpressed in NSCLC. Its deficiency impairs cell proliferation, as well as metastasis in NSCLC. Molecular mechanism experiments indicated that CASC19 negatively modulates the expression of miR‐301b‐3p and miR‐301b‐3p can bind with CASC19 in NSCLC. In addition, miR‐301b‐3p binds to LDLR to impair its expression in NSCLC. Finally, rescue experiments showed that miR‐301b‐3p inhibition or LDLR overexpression counteracted the CASC19 knockdown‐mediated function on cell proliferation and metastasis in NSCLC.

Conclusions

CASC19 facilitates NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting the miR‐301b‐3p/LDLR axis, offering a possible strategy for lncRNA‐targeted treatment in NSCLC.