bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrography‐Driven Coarsening of Grid Digital Elevation Models
Authors: Moretti Giovanni , Orlandini Stefano
Published: April 2018

A new grid coarsening strategy, denoted as hydrography‐driven coarsening, is developed in the present study. The hydrography‐driven coarsening is designed to retain the essential hydrographic features of valleys and channels observed in high‐resolution digital elevation models: (1) depressions are filled in the considered high‐resolution digital elevation model, (2) the obtained topographic data are used to extract a reference grid network composed of all surface flow paths, (3) the Horton order is assigned to each link of the reference grid network, and (4) within each coarse grid cell, the elevation of the point lying along the highest‐order path of the reference grid network and displaying the minimum distance to the cell center is assigned to this coarse grid cell center. The capabilities of the hydrography‐driven coarsening to provide consistent surface flow paths with respect to those observed in high‐resolution digital elevation models are evaluated over a synthetic valley and two real drainage basins located in the Italian Alps and in the Italian Apennines. The hydrography‐driven coarsening is found to yield significantly more accurate valley and channel profiles than existing coarsening strategies. In absolute terms, the obtained valleys and channels compare favorably with those observed. In addition, the proposed coarsening strategy is found to reduce drastically the impact of depression‐filling in the obtained coarse digital elevation models. The hydrography‐driven coarsening strategy is therefore advocated for all those cases in which the relief of the extracted drainage network is an important hydrographic feature.
Global Estimates of River Flow Wave Travel Times and Implications for Low‐Latency Satellite Data
Authors: Allen George H. , David Cédric H. , Andreadis Konstantinos M. , Hossain Faisal , Famiglietti James S.
Published: April 2018

Earth‐orbiting satellites provide valuable observations of upstream river conditions worldwide. These observations can be used in real‐time applications like early flood warning systems and reservoir operations, provided they are made available to users with sufficient lead time. Yet the temporal requirements for access to satellite‐based river data remain uncharacterized for time‐sensitive applications. Here we present a global approximation of flow wave travel time to assess the utility of existing and future low‐latency/near‐real‐time satellite products, with an emphasis on the forthcoming SWOT satellite mission. We apply a kinematic wave model to a global hydrography data set and find that global flow waves traveling at their maximum speed take a median travel time of 6, 4, and 3 days to reach their basin terminus, the next downstream city, and the next downstream dam, respectively. Our findings suggest that a recently proposed ≤2‐day data latency for a low‐latency SWOT product is potentially useful for real‐time river applications.
Improved techniques for preparing eigenstates of fermionic Hamiltonians
Authors: Berry Dominic W. , Kieferová Mária , Scherer Artur , Sanders Yuval R. , Low Guang Hao , Wiebe Nathan , Gidney Craig , Babbush Ryan
Published: April 2018

Modeling low energy eigenstates of fermionic systems can provide insight into chemical reactions and material properties and is one of the most anticipated applications of quantum computing. We present three techniques for reducing the cost of preparing fermionic Hamiltonian eigenstates using phase estimation. First, we report a polylogarithmic-depth quantum algorithm for antisymmetrizing the initial states required for simulation of fermions in first quantization. This is an exponential improvement over the previous state-of-the-art. Next, we show how to reduce the overhead due to repeated state preparation in phase estimation when the goal is to prepare the ground state to high precision and one has knowledge of an upper bound on the ground state energy that is less than the excited state energy (often the case in quantum chemistry). Finally, we explain how one can perform the time evolution necessary for the phase estimation based preparation of Hamiltonian eigenstates with exactly zero error by using the recently introduced qubitization procedure.
Characterisation of Lamp2-deficient rats for potential new animal model of Danon disease
Authors: Ma Shuoyi , Zhang Miao , Zhang Shuai , Wang Jing , Zhou Xia , Guo Guanya , Wang Lu , Wang Min , Peng Zhengwu , Guo Changcun , Zheng Xiaohong , Zhou Xinmin , Wang Jingbo , Han Ying
Published: April 2018

Danon disease (DD) is caused by the absence or malfunction of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). Although Lamp2-deficient mice and DD patients have similar characteristics, these mice have clear limitations and are clinically inconsistent. The aim of our paper is to outline the characteristics of Lamp2-deficient rats and to contrast this model with currently available DD mouse models. The baseline levels of some serum enzymes were elevated in Lamp2y/− rats along with hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycaemia at 8 weeks. Echocardiography showed that IVSd (1.500 ± 0.071 vs. 2.200 ± 1.147, P < 0.01) and LVPWd (1.575 ± 0.063 vs. 1.850 ± 0.029, P < 0.01) were significantly increased, and GCS (−13.20 ± 0.4814 vs. −6.954 ± 0.665) and GRS (21.42 ± 1.807 vs. 7.788 ± 1.140) were sharply decreased. Meanwhile, substantial myocyte disruption, hypertrophic muscle fibres, interstitial fibrosis and microvascular hyperplasia could be observed in the heart tissue. Lamp2y/− rats also displayed abnormal behaviours in the open field and fear conditioning tests. Notably, Lamp2y/− rats manifested other system dysfunctions, such as retinopathy, chronic kidney injury and sterility. Based on these results, Lamp2-deficient rats exhibited greater similarity to DD patients in terms of onset and multisystem lesions than did mouse models, and these rats could be used as a valuable animal model for DD.
Hyperosmotic tolerance of adult fish and early embryos are determined by discrete, single loci in the genus Oryzias
Authors: Myosho Taijun , Takahashi Hideya , Yoshida Kento , Sato Tadashi , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Sakaizumi Mitsuru
Published: April 2018

The acquisition of environmental osmolality tolerance traits in individuals and gametes is an important event in the evolution and diversification of organisms. Although teleost fish exhibit considerable intra- and interspecific variation in salinity tolerance, the genetic mechanisms underlying this trait remain unclear. Oryzias celebensis survives in sea and fresh water during both the embryonic and adult stages, whereas its close relative Oryzias woworae cannot survive in sea water at either stage. A linkage analysis using backcross progeny identified a single locus responsible for adult hyperosmotic tolerance on a fused chromosome that corresponds to O. latipes linkage groups (LGs) 6 and 23. Conversely, O. woworae eggs fertilised with O. celebensis sperm died in sea water at the cleavage stages, whereas O. celebensis eggs fertilised with O. woworae sperm developed normally, demonstrating that maternal factor(s) from O. celebensis are responsible for hyperosmotic tolerance during early development. A further linkage analysis using backcrossed females revealed a discrete single locus relating to the maternal hyperosmotic tolerance factor in a fused chromosomal region homologous to O. latipes LGs 17 and 19. These results indicate that a maternal factor governs embryonic hyperosmotic tolerance and maps to a locus distinct from that associated with adult hyperosmotic tolerance.
In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of PCC0104005, a Novel Modulator of Serotonin-Dopamine Activity, as an Atypical Antipsychotic Drug
Authors: Xu Yanan , Zhu Xiaoyin , Wang Hongbo , Sun Shanyue , Yue Xin , Tian Jingwei
Published: April 2018

PCC0104005 is a novel drug candidate for treating schizophrenia that displays high affinity for serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline receptors, including partial agonism at dopamine D2, D3, D4, serotonin 5-HT1A, and 5-HT2A receptors and antagonism at 5-HT2B, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors. PCC0104005 blocks MK-801-induced hyperactivity in rats, consistent with the reduction in dopamine D2 receptor stimulation and increased dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex. PCC0104005 inhibits 5-HTP-induced head twitches in rats, due to its moderate affinity for human 5-HT2A receptors (Ki = 5.1 nM). PCC0104005 significantly reduced the escape latency of rats and improved the MK-801-induced memory impairment. In the object recognition experiment, PCC0104005 significantly improved the recognition disorder induced by MK-801. PCC0104005 did not significantly increase the plasma prolactin level, which is thought to be related to the preferential affinity of PCC0104005 for dopamine D2 receptors compared with 5-HT1A receptors, as well as the relative antagonistic activity toward the D2 receptor. Due to its 5-HT1A agonism, PCC0104005 does not produce catalepsy in mice, a behaviour predictive of the occurrence of extra-pyramidal syndrome (EPS) in humans. PCC0104005 has unique affinities for dopamine receptors and serotonin receptors, which may lead to clinical advantages, as well as fewer adverse reactions.
Surgical navigation improves reductions accuracy of unilateral complicated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Ye Lanfeng , Li Hui , Wang Yi , Dilxat Dilnur , Liu Weilong , Chen Yuanwei , Liu Lei
Published: April 2018

Accurate reduction is the key to successful treatment of bone fractures. Complicated zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, known as one of the most challenging facial bone fractures, is often hard to achieve an accurate reduction, thus leading to facial deformity. In this study, twenty patients with unilateral complicated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures were included and randomly divided into experimental and control groups, which is with and without the aid of surgical navigation, respectively. The pre- and postoperative imaging data were collected and then analysed using Geomagic Studio 11 software and Brainlab iPlan CMF 3.0. A more precise reduction was showed in the experimental group according to the measurement results of both software programmes than in the control group. In conclusion, surgical navigation showed great value in performing accurate reductions of complicated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures and restoring facial contour.
The effect of N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethyl perfluorooctanoamide on wettability alteration of shale reservoir
Authors: Li Yongfei , Wang Yanling , Wang Kun , Gomado Foster , Wang Gangxiao , Tang Longhao , Rong Xufeng
Published: April 2018

The wettability of the formation is critical for the flow back of the fracturing fluid and can further affect the gas production. So it is very necessary to study the wettability of shale reservoir. Here, a novel fluorocarbon surfactant, N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethyl perfluorooctanoamide, was synthesized and characterized by different methods. the contact angles of water and n-decane on the shale increased from 36° and 0° to 121° and 105°, respectively, after treated by N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethyl perfluorooctanoamide (0.5 wt.%). The surface free energy reduced from 72 mN/m to 7.4 mN/m. The results agreed with that of imbibition and capillary tube rise test. Additionally, the analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the roughness of shale surface remarkably increased. These results fully proved that the shale wettability is changed to super gas-wetting. Besides, the thermal analysis revealed that the novel fluorocarbon surfactant has good thermal stability. This indicates that it can be better applied to reservoir modifications at higher temperatures.
Small nuclear RNA-mediated modulation of splicing reveals a therapeutic strategy for a TREM2 mutation and its post-transcriptional regulation
Authors: Yanaizu Motoaki , Sakai Kenji , Tosaki Youhei , Kino Yoshihiro , Satoh Jun-ichi
Published: April 2018

Loss-of-function mutations in TREM2 cause Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD), a rare genetic disease characterized by early-onset dementia with leukoencephalopathy and bone cysts. An NHD-associated mutation, c.482 + 2 T > C, disrupts the splice donor site of intron 3 and causes aberrant skipping of exon 3, resulting in the loss of full-length TREM2 protein. Here, we examined the efficacy of artificial U1 and U7 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) designed to enhance exon 3 inclusion. Using mutant TREM2 minigenes, we found that some modified U1, but not U7, snRNAs enhanced exon 3 inclusion and restored TREM2 protein expression. Unexpectedly, we found that exon 3 of wild-type TREM2 is an alternative exon, whose skipping leads to reduced expression of the full-length protein. Indeed, TREM2 protein levels were modulated by modified snRNAs that either promoted or repressed exon 3 inclusion. The splice donor site flanking exon 3 was predicted to be weak, which may explain both the alternative splicing of exon 3 under normal conditions and complete exon skipping when the c.482 + 2 T > C mutation was present. Collectively, our snRNA-based approaches provide a potential therapeutic strategy for NHD-associated mis-splicing and novel insights into the post-transcriptional regulation of TREM2.
Coupling Multi Angle Light Scattering to Ion Exchange chromatography (IEX-MALS) for protein characterization
Authors: Amartely Hadar , Avraham Orly , Friedler Assaf , Livnah Oded , Lebendiker Mario
Published: April 2018

Multi-angle light scattering coupled with size exclusion chromatography (SEC-MALS) is a standard and common approach for characterizing protein mass, overall shape, aggregation, oligomerization, interactions and purity. The limited resolution of analytical SEC restricts in some instances the accurate analysis that can be accomplished by MALS. These include mixtures of protein populations with identical or very similar molecular masses, oligomers with poor separation and short peptides. Here we show that combining MALS with the higher resolution separation technique ion exchange (IEX-MALS) can allow precise analyses of samples that cannot be resolved by SEC-MALS. We conclude that IEX-MALS is a valuable and complementary method for protein characterization, especially for protein systems that could not be fully analyzed by SEC-MALS.
Author Correction: Double MgO-based Perpendicular Magnetic-Tunnel-Junction Spin-valve Structure with a Top Co2Fe6B2 Free Layer using a Single SyAF [Co/Pt]n Layer
Authors: Choi Jin-Young , Lee Dong-gi , Baek Jong-Ung , Park Jea-Gun
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Ultrafast magnetization modulation induced by the electric field component of a terahertz pulse in a ferromagnetic-semiconductor thin film
Authors: Ishii Tomoaki , Yamakawa Hiromichi , Kanaki Toshiki , Miyamoto Tatsuya , Kida Noriaki , Okamoto Hiroshi , Tanaka Masaaki , Ohya Shinobu
Published: April 2018

High-speed magnetization control of ferromagnetic films using light pulses is attracting considerable attention and is increasingly important for the development of spintronic devices. Irradiation with a nearly monocyclic terahertz pulse, which can induce strong electromagnetic fields in ferromagnetic films within an extremely short time of less than ~1 ps, is promising for damping-free high-speed coherent control of the magnetization. Here, we successfully observe a terahertz response in a ferromagnetic-semiconductor thin film. In addition, we find that a similar terahertz response is observed even in a non-magnetic semiconductor and reveal that the electric-field component of the terahertz pulse plays a crucial role in the magnetization response through the spin-carrier interactions in a ferromagnetic-semiconductor thin film. Our findings will provide new guidelines for designing materials suitable for ultrafast magnetization reversal.
Transcription Elongation Factor GreA Plays a Key Role in Cellular Invasion and Virulence of Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida
Authors: Cui Guolin , Wang Jun , Qi Xinyi , Su Jingliang
Published: April 2018

Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes the zoonotic disease tularemia. We identified the transcription elongation factor GreA as a virulence factor in our previous study, but its role was not defined. Here, we investigate the effects of the inactivation of the greA gene, generating a greA mutant of F. tularensis subsp. novicida. Inactivation of greA impaired the bacterial invasion into and growth within host cells, and subsequently virulence in mouse infection model. A transcriptomic analysis (RNA-Seq) showed that the loss of GreA caused the differential expression of 196 bacterial genes, 77 of which were identified as virulence factors in previous studies. To confirm that GreA regulates the expression of virulence factors involved in cell invasion by Francisella, FTN_1186 (pepO) and FTN_1551 (ampD) gene mutants were generated. The ampD deletion mutant showed reduced invasiveness into host cells. These results strongly suggest that GreA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Francisella by affecting the expression of virulence genes and provide new insights into the complex regulation of Francisella infection.
Author Correction: Nanostructured laminar tungsten alloy with improved ductility by surface mechanical attrition treatment
Authors: Guo Hong-Yan , Xia Min , Chan Lap-Chung , Wang Kun , Zhang Xiao-Xin , Yan Qing-Zhi , He Man-Chao , Lu Jian , Ge Chang-Chun
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Diversity and evolution of sex determination systems in terrestrial isopods
Authors: Becking Thomas , Giraud Isabelle , Raimond Maryline , Moumen Bouziane , Chandler Christopher , Cordaux Richard , Gilbert Clément
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Correction: Isolated Fe and Co dual active sites on nitrogen-doped carbon for a highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Diyang , Chen Wenxing , Li Zhi , Chen Yuanjun , Zheng Lirong , Gong Yue , Li Qiheng , Shen Rongan , Han Yunhu , Cheong Weng-Chon , Gu Lin , Li Yadong
Published: April 2018

Correction for ‘Isolated Fe and Co dual active sites on nitrogen-doped carbon for a highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction’ by Diyang Zhang et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00988k.
High proton conduction behavior in 12-connected 3D porous lanthanide–organic frameworks and their polymer composites
Authors: Yang Shuai-Liang , Sun Pei-Pei , Yuan Yue-Ying , Zhang Chen-Xi , Wang Qing-Lun
Published: April 2018

Two novel 12-connected 3D porous lanthanide–organic frameworks have been synthesized by the reaction of bipyridine-carboxylate ligand bpydbH2 and lanthanide metal ions. Both of them show a high proton conduction behavior as well as their composite membranes.
209Bi quadrupole relaxation enhancement in solids as a step towards new contrast mechanisms in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kruk D. , Umut E. , Masiewicz E. , Sampl C. , Fischer R. , Spirk S. , Goesweiner C. , Scharfetter H.
Published: April 2018

209Bi containing species have the potential to become novel contrast agents for MRI.
Cationic hydrophobicity promotes dissolution of cellulose in aqueous basic solution by freezing–thawing
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Lijuan , Chen Pan , Zhang Lina , Lu Ang
Published: April 2018

Hydrophobic cations accumulate at the cellulose interface, favouring the physical dissolution of cellulose in aqueous quaternary ammonium hydroxides.
Nitrogen electroreduction and hydrogen evolution on cubic molybdenum carbide: a density functional study
Authors: Matanovic Ivana , Garzon Fernando H.
Published: April 2018

The (111) surface of cubic MoC was found to be active for nitrogen electroreduction to ammonia via an associative Heyrovsky path.
Multicomponent peptide assemblies
Authors: Raymond Danielle M. , Nilsson Bradley L.
Published: April 2018

This review presents recent efforts in the development of multicomponent supramolecular peptide assemblies with a focus on multicomponent assemblies derived from β-sheet peptides, low molecular weight peptides, peptide amphiphiles, coiled coil peptides, collagen, and related systems.
Environmental impact, life cycle analysis and battery performance of upcycled carbon anodes
Authors: Hicks Andrea L. , Dysart Arthur D. , Pol Vilas G.
Published: April 2018

For rechargeable lithium ion batteries, natural and synthetic graphite anodes come with great economic and environmental costs.
Differences in extractability under subcritical water reveal interconnected hemicellulose and lignin recalcitrance in birch hardwoods
Authors: Martínez-Abad Antonio , Giummarella Nicola , Lawoko Martin , Vilaplana Francisco
Published: April 2018

Sequential subcritical water extraction of birchwood without delignification reveals the interconnected molecular features of hemicellulose and lignin that regulate recalcitrance.
Improvements to the analytical performance of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry by coupling a multi-mode sample introduction system to an infrared heated pre-evaporation tube
Authors: Anderlini Tia K. , Beauchemin Diane
Published: April 2018

Wrapping infrared-heated ceramic rope around a pre-evaporation tube between the torch and spray chamber enables hydride generation of more elements.
A simple ternary ion-pair complexation protocol for testing the enantiopurity and the absolute configurational analysis of acid and ester derivatives
Authors: Arya Neeru , Mishra Sandeep Kumar , Suryaprakash N.
Published: April 2018

The ternary ion-pair complexation protocol for rapid testing of the enantiopurity and the assignment of absolute configurations of various acid and ester derivatives.
Paper‐based flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator using fibrous polymer/piezoelectric nanoparticle composite material
Authors: Chansaengsri K. , Onlaor K. , Tunhoo B. , Thiwawong T.
Published: April 2018

Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) based on micro‐fibre of polyvinylidene fluoride (micro‐fibre polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)). Flexible nanogenerator was developed by addition nanoparticle composition. This PENG fabricated using micro‐fibre PVDF/BaTiO3, which was deposited on paper interdigitate substrate by wire electrode free surface electrospinning method. The device from micro‐fibre PVDF performed open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current of 13 mV and 380 nA recently. The device from composite material addition value of open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current of 528 mV and 661 nA recently.
Extremal spectral gaps for periodic Schrödinger operators
Authors: Kao Chiu-Yen , Osting Braxton
Published: April 2018

The spectrum of a Schrödinger operator with periodic potential generally consists of bands and gaps. In this paper, for fixed m, we consider the problem of maximizing the gap-to-midgap ratio for the mth spectral gap over the class of potentials which have fixed periodicity and are pointwise bounded above and below. We prove that the potential maximizing the mth gap-to-midgap ratio exists. In one dimension, we prove that the optimal potential attains the pointwise bounds almost everywhere in the domain and is a step-function attaining the imposed minimum and maximum values on exactly m intervals. Optimal potentials are computed numerically using a rearrangement algorithm and are observed to be periodic. In two dimensions, we develop an efficient rearrangement method for this problem based on a semi-definite formulation and apply it to study properties of extremal potentials. We show that, provided a geometric assumption about the maximizer holds, a lattice of disks maximizes the first gap-to-midgap ratio in the infinite contrast limit. Using an explicit parametrization of two-dimensional Bravais lattices, we also consider how the optimal value varies over all equal-volume lattices.
Effect of Endocuff-assisted colonoscopy on adenoma detection rate: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Williet Nicolas , Tournier Quentin , Vernet Chloé , Dumas Olivier , Rinaldi Leslie , Roblin Xavier , Phelip Jean-Marc , Pioche Mathieu
Published: April 2018

Background Yield of Endocuff-assisted colonoscopy (EAC) compared with standard colonoscopy is conflicting in terms of adenoma detection rate (ADR). A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) appears necessary.

Methods PubMed and Google Scholar were searched in December 2017. Abstracts from Digestive Disease Week and United European Gastroenterology Week meetings were also searched to 2017. All RCTs comparing EAC with standard colonoscopy were included. Analysis was conducted by using the Mantel–Haenszel models. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I
2 test.

Results Of the 265 articles reviewed, 12 RCTs were included, with a total of 8376 patients (EAC group 4225; standard colonoscopy group 4151). In the meta-analysis, ADR was significantly increased in the EAC group vs. the standard colonoscopy group (41.3 % vs. 34.2 %; risk ratio [RR] = 1.20, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.06 to 1.36; P = 0.003; I
2 = 79 %), especially for operators with low-to-moderate ADRs (< 35 %): RR = 1.51, 95 %CI 1.35 to 1.69; P < 0.001; I
2 = 43 %). In contrast, this benefit was not reached for operators with high ADRs (> 45 %): RR = 1.01, 95 %CI 0.93 to 1.09; P = 0.87; I
2 = 0.0 %). The mean number of adenomas per patient tended to be higher with EAC (mean difference = 0.11 adenomas/patient, 95 %CI – 0.17 to 0.38). Similar results were shown for polyp detection rates (61.6 % vs. 51.4 %; RR = 1.20, 95 %CI 1.06 to 1.36; P = 0.004). Use of the Endocuff did not impact the cecal intubation rate (95.1 % vs. 95.7 %; P = 0.08), or the procedure time compared with standard colonoscopy. Adverse events related to Endocuff were rare and exclusively mild mucosal erosion (4.0 %; 95 %CI 2.0 % to 8.0 %).

Conclusion With moderate-quality evidence, this study showed an improvement in ADR with EAC without major adverse events, especially for operators with low-to-moderate ADRs.
Lagerung und Abdeckung von Beckenfrakturen
Authors: Motzny Alexander , Kraus Tobias Maximilian , Mees Armin
Published: April 2018

Die optimale Versorgung von Beckenfrakturen erfordert differenzierte Lagerungsmöglichkeiten zur bestmöglichen operativen Versorgung und zur intraoperativen Röntgen- und CT-Bildgebung. Standards sind äußerst hilfreich, müssen jedoch immer wieder patienten-, frakturbedingt oder aufgrund des operativen Vorgehens erweitert oder abgeändert werden.
Kostenanalyse der Infusionstherapie bei rheumatoider Arthritis
Authors: Thiem Helena
Published: April 2018

Schmier J et al. Costs of Providing Infusion Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Hospitalbased Infusion Center Setting. Clin Ther 2017; 39: 1600–1617

Für betroffene Patienten hat die rheumatoide Arthritis lebenslang schwerwiegende Folgen. Eine angemessene Therapie ist deshalb unabdingbar. In den Vereinigten
Staaten wird eine Vielzahl dieser Patienten stationär anhand einer Infusionstherapie behandelt. Die Autoren ermitteln für vier gängige Präparate, mit
welchen Kosten diese Behandlung für die Krankenhäuser verbunden ist.
Der Ausschuss Allokation und Verteilung – VIII. Workshop dggö
Authors: Beenk Katharina , Griebenow Malte , Kümpel Christian
Published: April 2018

Am 18. und 19. November 2017 fand, organisiert vom Forschungszentrum HCHE (Hamburg Center for Health Economics) der Universität Hamburg, der diesjährige
Workshop des dggö-Ausschusses für Allokation und Verteilung statt. In neun Präsentationen wurden aktuelle Einblicke in den Forschungsstand empirischer,
experimenteller und normativer Arbeiten zu Allokations- und Verteilungsfragen im Gesundheitswesen gegeben. Abgerundet wurde der Workshop durch eine
Keynote-Lecture von Izabela Jelovac zum Zusammenhang zwischen Anreizen und Problemen des Zugangs in Gesundheitssystemen.
Im Augenblick des Lebens: AAPV oder SAPV?
Authors: Weiskopf Gabriela , Meyer Martha , Renaud Dagmar
Published: April 2018

Hintergrund Grundlage der Studie stellt die deutschlandweite Evaluation der Umsetzung der SAPV-Richtlinie durch den Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss (G-BA) aus dem Jahr 2014 dar. Diese weist in vielen Fällen Unklarheit und Unsicherheit in der Trennschärfe der Fälle in Bezug auf fallspezifische Versorgungskriterien zwischen den Bereichen der Teil- und Vollversorgung, der Allgemeinen (AAPV) und Spezialisierten ambulanten Palliativversorgung (SAPV) auf, die zu Unter-, Über- oder Fehlversorgung der Patienten führen. Anlässlich einer Modellstudie in einem Landkreis im Saarland untersucht die Studie die Frage, inwieweit unter den Ärztinnen und Ärzten Unsicherheiten in der Entscheidungsfindung im Hinblick auf die Einschätzung der Versorgungskontexte AAPV/SAPV von Palliativpatienten bestehen.

Methodik Qualitative, semistrukturierte Experteninterviews mit neun niedergelassenen Haus- und Fachärzten, welche in AAPV und/oder SAPV arbeiten. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine hohe Patientenorientierung hin. Unsicherheitsfaktoren resultieren aus der schwierigen Prognostizierbarkeit der Krankheitsverläufe, nicht vorhersehbare Krisensituationen oder ein nicht vermutetes vorzeitiges Versterben. Praktische Probleme kommen im palliativen Prozessverlauf zu dem Phänomen der Unsicherheitsfaktoren hinzu, wie etwa Kommunikations- und Informationsdefizite, z. B. zwischen dem Krankenhaus und den niedergelassenen Ärztinnen und Ärzten.

Schlussfolgerung Unter den Befragten besteht im Hinblick auf die Entscheidungsfindung AAPV/SAPV und der Abgrenzungsfrage überwiegende Sicherheit in der Einschätzung fallspezifischer Versorgungskriterien und dem notwendigen Versorgungsbedarf.
Hemangioma of the Cavernous Sinus: A Case Series
Authors: Noblett Dylan , Chang Jennifer , Toussi Atrin , Dublin Arthur , Shahlaie Kiarash
Published: April 2018

Introduction Cavernous sinus hemangiomas (CSHs) are rare, vascular, extra-axial tumors that are diagnosed with a combination of imaging and biopsy. We describe the clinical presentations, imaging findings, and management of two male patients with CSHs.

Case Report Case 1 describes a 57-year-old man who presented with vision changes and cranial nerve palsies. Initial imaging and surgical biopsy were nondiagnostic. Follow-up Tc-99m tagged red blood cell (RBC) imaging supported CSH diagnosis. He was treated with surgical resection and radiotherapy.

Case 2 describes a 57-year-old man who presented with chronic headache. Imaging findings were suggestive of CSH. He underwent endoscopic endonasal surgical resection and a final diagnosis of CSH was made via biopsy.

Discussion CSHs often present with headache, vision changes, and cranial nerve palsies. Characteristic findings of a T2 hyperintense lesion with homogeneous contrast enhancement has been described in the literature. There is also a role for tagged RBC imaging studies in the setting of nondiagnostic imaging and biopsy. Surgical resection can be difficult due to tumor vascularity and encasement of internal carotid arteries. Stereotactic radiosurgery and adjuvant radiotherapy can play a role in the treatment of patients who have inoperable lesions or subtotal resections.
Intraoperative Bildgebung in der Beckenchirurgie
Authors: Richter Peter Hinnerk , Eickhoff Alexander , Gebhard Florian , Schütze Konrad
Published: April 2018

Der rasante technische Fortschritt der letzten Jahre führte auch zu einer Weiterentwicklung moderner intraoperativer Bildgebungssysteme. Diese werden entweder als fixierte oder mobile Systeme angeboten und führen zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Bildqualität und Vergrößerung des Bilddurchmessers. Hier steht vor allem die Flachdetektor-Technologie im Vordergrund. Viele dieser Systeme bieten die Möglichkeit der intraoperativen 3-D-Darstellung. Fehllagen oder ungenügende Repositionen können dadurch in der gleichen Operation korrigiert werden, um Folgeoperationen zu vermeiden. Im Bereich des Beckens führt die Nutzung moderner Bildgebungssysteme in Kombination mit Navigationssystemen zu einer verbesserten Präzision der Implantatlage.
Beckenchirurgie – Akutversorgung
Authors: Fritz Tobias , Veith Nils , Braun Benedikt , Pohlemann Tim , Herath Steven
Published: April 2018

Beckenfrakturen machen 2 – 8% aller Frakturen aus und können vor allem bei polytraumatisierten Patienten nachgewiesen werden und somit lebensbedrohlich sein. Um die Letalität zu vermindern, muss die Verletzung bereits am Unfallort erkannt und behandelt werden. Nach durchgeführter Untersuchung durch einen geübten Notarzt sollte anschließend eine externe Kompression des Beckens erfolgen (z. B. durch einen Pelvic Binder), um eine mögliche aktive Blutung zu vermindern. Im weiteren Verlauf ist die Diagnostik mittels Sonografie (FAST) zum Ausschluss intraabdomineller Blutungen und Röntgen sowie ergänzender CT-Diagnostik notwendig, um eine Verletzung frühzeitig erkennen und behandeln zu können. Hierbei werden die Beckenfrakturen nach AO (Tile et al.) klassifiziert. Zur Therapie muss zwischen anteriorer und posteriorer Instabilität unterschieden werden. Zur Versorgung kann hierzu in der Notfallsituation der supraazetabuläre Fixateur externe und die Beckenzwinge zum Einsatz kommen, um eine Primärstabilisierung des Patienten zu ermöglichen. Bei hämodynamisch instabilen Patienten muss zusätzlich ein pelvines Packing erfolgen, um den Patienten zu stabilisieren. Bei persistierenden Blutungen kann eine Angioembolisation notwendig sein und ergänzt werden. Im weiteren Verlauf kommen dann die dorsale Stabilisierung mittels sakrioiliakaler Schrauben oder die ventrale Versorgung, z. B. durch Kriechschrauben oder eine Symphysenplatte zur definitiven Versorgung, zum Einsatz.
Zugänge zum vorderen Beckenring
Authors: Minarski Christian , Stöckle Ulrich , Küper Markus , Trulson Alexander , Stuby Fabian
Published: April 2018

Die Inzidenz von operativ versorgungspflichtigen Beckenverletzungen steigt in den letzten Jahren vor allem bei älteren Patienten. Die Kenntnis aller anwendbaren Zugangsmöglichkeiten und die richtige Indikationsstellung für den operativen Zugang ist für den Operateur unerlässlich. In diesem Artikel werden die häufigsten ventralen Zugänge zum Beckenring und zum Azetabulum beschrieben.
Bildgebung in der Beckenchirurgie
Authors: Keil Holger , Grützner Paul , Franke Jochen
Published: April 2018

Obwohl Beckenverletzungen insgesamt eine eher seltene Entität darstellen, wird der operativ tätige Unfallchirurg im Traumazentrum regelmäßig mit der Notwendigkeit der Indikationsstellung zur operativen Therapie sowie deren Planung und Durchführung konfrontiert sein. Dieser Artikel soll hinsichtlich der perioperativen Bildgebung Hilfestellungen geben, um die Verletzungen sicher klassifizieren und Operationsergebnisse beurteilen zu können.
Enzymatisches Débridement zur Behandlung von Brandverletzungen: Erste Erfahrungen in der Schweiz
Authors: Osinga Rik , Steiger Peter , Giovanoli Pietro , Plock Jan A. , Mannil Lijo
Published: April 2018

Hintergrund Thermische Schädigungen sind häufige Verletzungen, welche in schweren Fällen mit erheblicher Morbidität und Mortalität einhergehen können. Der
Goldstandard der chirurgischen Therapie besteht in der Entfernung des Eschars durch tangentiale Exzision und nachfolgender Wunddeckung mittels autologer
Spalthaut. 2014 wurden klinische Resultate eines neuartigen enzymatischen Débridements auf Basis der Ananaspflanze (Nexobrid™, Hauptwirkstoff Bromelain)
publiziert. Am Zentrum für Brandverletzte am UniversitätsSpital Zürich wurde das enzymatische Débridement 2016 eingeführt. Wir berichten hier über die ersten
Erfahrungen und unsere Interpretationen.

Patienten und Methoden Die ersten 12 mit Nexobrid™ therapierten Patienten mit gemischt zweitgradiger, zweitgradig tiefer oder drittgradiger thermischer
Schädigung wurden untersucht. Nicht in die Studie eingeschlossen wurden minderjährige Patienten und schwangere oder stillende Frauen. Nach dem sogenannten
„Pre-soaking“ mit physiologischer Kochsalzlösung erfolgte das Auftragen des aus zwei Komponenten hergestellten Nexobrid™-Gels für 4 Stunden mit okklusiver
Versiegelung. Nach Abtragung desselben wurde ein „Post-soaking“ mit Prontosan®-Verbänden durchgeführt, und nach weiteren 6–12 Stunden ein definitiver
Wundverband aufgebracht.

Ergebnisse Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten betrug 51 (19–78) Jahre, die Hospitalisationsdauer 38 (1–92) Tage. Der Anteil geschädigter
Körperoberfläche betrug durchschnittlich 25 (1–67) %. Es wurden im Mittel 11 (1–18) % der Körperoberfläche mit Nexobrid™ nach 7 (1–19) Tagen débridiert. Bei 8
Patienten heilten die Defekte nach Nexobrid™ Behandlung ohne wesentliche Narbenbildung per secundam ab. Bei 4 Patienten waren im Verlauf weitere chirurgische
Maßnahmen notwendig, sowohl zur Vervollständigung des Débridements wie auch zur Defektdeckung. Die Methode war effizient in schwierigen Behandlungsarealen wie
Rücken, Hände und Füße, wo der Erhalt der Demis zu einem guten funktionellen Resultat ohne narbige Kontrakturen führte.

Schlussfolgerung Die Behandlung mit Nexobrid™ stellt eine Erweiterung der therapeutischen Möglichkeiten bei der Behandlung teilweise zweitgradig tiefer
thermischer Verletzungen mit guten Langzeitresultaten dar. Das Anbringen und Entfernen des Nexobrid™ kann in Analgosedation auf der Intensivstation durchgeführt
werden. Die Behandlung mit Nexobrid™ reduziert den chirurgischen Anteil der Behandlung.
Partial Hemiresurfacing of Osteochondral Defects of the Talus? Surgical Technique and Preliminary Report from Four Patients
Authors: Beck Sascha , Busch André , Zilkens Christoph , Warwas Sebastian , Jäger Marcus
Published: April 2018

Background: Osteochondral lesions of the medial talus (OLT) frequently lead to chronic ankle pain and osteoarthritis. Arthroscopic debridement, subchondral bone stimulation by drilling, and microfracturing are options for primary therapy in small lesions. In larger lesions, restoration of the talar dome contour seems to be a mandatory course of action.

Methods: In a case series, we followed up four patients being treated with a focal resurfacing prosthetic due to large osteochondral talar lesions. In contrast to other studies, we can report on an off-label application to restore defects of the lateral talar dome with two patients for the first time. At follow-up, three patients reported a remarkable reduction in pain and were able to return to sports activities. One patient developed pseudarthrosis of the medial malleolar osteosynthesis.

Conclusions: With selected patients, focal resurfacing appears to be an option for large osteochondral defects of the talus.
Temperature dependence of full matrix material constants of [001]c poled 0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.29PbTiO3 single crystal
Authors: Li Shiyang , Sun Enwei , Tang Liguo , Zheng Limei , Yang Ming , Han Tao , Cao Wenwu
Published: April 2018

Up to date, there are no self-consistent full matrix data in the literature on the temperature dependence of material constants for [001]c poled (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT) single crystals because it is very challenging to measure such data for low Q-value ferroelectric materials. We report here a combined characterization method to resolve this issue using two samples. The temperature dependence of full set material constants of [001]c poled PMN-0.29PT single crystal was measured from 20 °C to 60 °C. The thickness shear mode sample was used for measuring the material constants having low sensitivity to the resonance spectroscopy method. Another thickness extensional mode sample was used for the determination of the remaining constants. Such temperature dependence of full matrix data would make accurate simulation designs and performance predictions of single crystal devices a reality, which is critically important because sample temperature will increase during the operation. This method may also be used to characterize other anisotropic piezoelectric materials with low Q-values.
Probabilistic multi-objective optimal scheduling of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in the distribution system
Authors: Pouladi Jaber , Abedinzadeh Taher
Published: April 2018

Unlike previous papers that hypothesize specific inputs and present fixed outputs for optimal charging of electric vehicles, this paper offers a multi-objective probabilistic charging algorithm based on the point estimate method (PEM) for aggregation of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and investigates its impacts on the distribution system. In other words, the uncertainty related to the outputs of different charging algorithms is determined using the PEM. Moreover, from the perspective of an aggregator, simultaneous optimization of the minimum charging cost and minimum charging time is proposed to satisfy the customers. The proposed algorithm is optimized through multi-objective scheduling and applying distribution network constraints. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the IEEE-37 node test feeder, and simulation results are presented to illustrate its performance.
Large thermoelectric power factor in one-dimensional telluride Nb4SiTe4 and substituted compounds
Authors: Okamoto Yoshihiko , Wada Taichi , Yamakawa Youichi , Inohara Takumi , Takenaka Koshi
Published: April 2018

We found that whisker crystals of Mo-doped Nb4SiTe4 show high thermoelectric performances at low temperatures, indicated by the largest power factor of ∼70 μW cm−1 K–2 at 230–300 K, much larger than those of Bi2Te3-based practical materials. This power factor is smaller than the maximum value in the 5d analogue of Ta4SiTe4 but is comparable to that with a similar doping level. First principles calculation results suggest that the difference in thermoelectric performances between Nb and Ta compounds is caused by the much smaller bandgap in Nb4SiTe4 than that in Ta4SiTe4 due to the weaker spin-orbit coupling in the former. We also demonstrated that the solid solution of Nb4SiTe4 and Ta4SiTe4 shows a large power factor, indicating that their combination is promising as a practical thermoelectric material, as in the case of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3. These results advance our understanding of the mechanism of high thermoelectric performances in this one-dimensional telluride system, indicating the high potential of this system as a practical thermoelectric material for low temperature applications.
Graphene transport mediated by micropatterned substrates
Authors: Hinnefeld J. Henry , Gill Stephen T. , Mason Nadya
Published: April 2018

Engineered substrates offer a promising avenue towards graphene devices having tunable properties. In particular, topographically patterned substrates can expose unique behavior due to their ability to induce local variations in strain and electrostatic doping. However, to explore the range of possible science and applications, it is important to create topographic substrates that both have tunable features and are suitable for transport measurements. In this letter, we describe the fabrication of tunable, topographically patterned substrates suitable for transport measurements. We report both optical and transport measurements of graphene devices fabricated on these substrates and demonstrate the characteristic strain and local doping behavior induced by the topographic features.
Experimental demonstration of the optical Helmholtz resonance
Authors: Chevalier Paul , Bouchon Patrick , Verdun Michael , Steveler Emilie , Bardou Nathalie , Dupuis Christophe , Pardo Fabrice , Haïdar Riad
Published: April 2018

Optical nanoantennas are studied to manipulate light and enhance light matter interactions. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the optical Helmholtz resonance in a metallic slit-box structure, which is predicted to be harmonic and to enhance the electric field intensity by several orders of magnitude. It is fabricated thanks to a two step electron beam lithography process, between which the box was filled with benzocyclobutene (BCB). Up to 80% of the light is absorbed at a λ = 2.84 μm wavelength under a beam focused by a Cassegrain objective (NA = 0.4), even if the dimensions of this resonator are deeply subwavelength for both the slit (width λ/55 and height λ/77) and the box (width λ/7 and height λ/37). As expected from the inductance nature of the box, the optical properties of the BCB filling the box have no influence on the resonance behavior.
In-vitro assessment of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of whole porcine-liver hydrolysates and its fractions
Authors: Verma Akhilesh K. , Chatli Manish Kumar , Kumar Pavan , Mehta Nitin
Published: April 2018

Aim of the study was to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of porcine liver-protein hydrolysates (PLHs) and their fractions recovered from enzymatic hydrolysis. Hydrolysates and fractions were assessed for antioxidants such as 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric-reducing antioxidant power and antimicrobial activity. Inhibition activity for all antioxidant parameters was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for whole PLHs than for its corresponding fractions; however, among their fractions, 5–10 kDa and 1–5 kDa had a relatively higher antioxidant activity than did the other fractions. Trypsin-digested whole PLHs and their fractions exhibited the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, followed by alcalase- and papain-digested PLHs, for all tested microbes. Results accomplished that whole PLHs exhibited better result than its fractions; thus, PLHs can be used as preservatives for food products or utilised for other pharmaceutical purposes.
Looking for morphological evidence of cryptic species in Asterina Nardo, 1834 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). The redescription of Asterina pancerii (Gasco, 1870) and the description of two new species
Authors: López-Márquez Violeta , Acevedo Iván , Manjón-Cabeza M. Eugenia , García-Jiménez Ricardo , Templado José , Machordom Annie
Published: April 2018

Three species of the genus Asterina are known to inhabit the Mediterranean Sea and the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean: Asterina gibbosa (Pennant, 1777), A. pancerii (Gasco, 1870) and A. phylactica Emson & Crump, 1979. Differentiation of these species has primarily been based only on subtle characters (some highly debatable), such as colour or size. Therefore, this study aimed to review the morphological data characterising members of the genus, to incorporate new characters that may clarify morphological analyses and to couple morphological data with molecular evidence of differentiation based on the analysis of partial sequences of the cytochromec oxidase subunitI (COI) and 18S rDNA (18S) genes and two anonymous nuclear loci (AgX2 and AgX5). The different lineages and cryptic species identified from the molecular analysis were then morphologically characterised, which was challenging given the limited number of diagnostic characters. Two of the five monophyletic lineages obtained molecularly (COI divergence >4%), further supported by differences in morphological characters and reproductive behaviour, are proposed as new species: Asterina martinbarriosi, sp. nov. from the Canary Islands, Spain (eastern central Atlantic Ocean) and Asterina vicentae, sp. nov. from Tarragona, north-eastern Spain (western Mediterranean Sea).