bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LanCL1 promotes motor neuron survival and extends the lifespan of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice
Authors: Tan Honglin , Chen Mina , Pang Dejiang , Xia Xiaoqiang , Du Chongyangzi , Yang Wanchun , Cui Yiyuan , Huang Chao , Jiang Wanxiang , Bi Dandan , Li Chunyu , Shang Huifang , Worley Paul F. , Xiao Bo
Published: September 2019

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. Improving neuronal survival in ALS remains a significant challenge. Previously, we identified Lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 1 (LanCL1) as a neuronal antioxidant defense gene, the genetic deletion of which causes apoptotic neurodegeneration in the brain. Here, we report in vivo data using the transgenic SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS indicating that CNS-specific expression of LanCL1 transgene extends lifespan, delays disease onset, decelerates symptomatic progression, and improves motor performance of SOD1G93A mice. Conversely, CNS-specific deletion of LanCL1 leads to neurodegenerative phenotypes, including motor neuron loss, neuroinflammation, and oxidative damage. Analysis reveals that LanCL1 is a positive regulator of AKT activity, and LanCL1 overexpression restores the impaired AKT activity in ALS model mice. These findings indicate that LanCL1 regulates neuronal survival through an alternative mechanism, and suggest a new therapeutic target in ALS.
MAG induces apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons through p75NTR demarcating granule layer/white matter boundary
Authors: Fernández-Suárez Diana , Krapacher Favio A. , Andersson Annika , Ibáñez Carlos F. , Kisiswa Lilian
Published: September 2019

MAG (Myelin-associated glycoprotein) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, that has been implicated in the control of axonal growth in many neuronal populations including cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). However, it is unclear whether MAG has other functions in central nervous system, in particular, in cerebellar development and patterning. We find that MAG expression in the cerebellum is compartmentalised resulting in increased MAG protein levels in the cerebellar white matter. MAG induces apoptosis in developing CGNs through p75NTR signalling. Deletion of p75NTR in vivo reduced the number of apoptotic neurons in cerebellar white matter during development leading to reduction in the size of white matter in the adulthood. Furthermore, we show that MAG impairs CGNs neurite outgrowth as consequence of MAG-induced apoptosis in CGNs. Mechanistically, we find that MAG/NgR1-induced cell death is dependent of p75NTR-mediated activation of JNK/cell death signalling pathway. Together, these findings identify the mechanisms by which MAG induces CGNs apoptotic activity, a crucial event that facilitates cerebellar layer refinement during development.
Ubiquitin ligase TRIM71 suppresses ovarian tumorigenesis by degrading mutant p53
Authors: Chen Yajie , Hao Qian , Wang Jieqiong , Li Jiajia , Huang Canhua , Zhang Yu , Wu Xiaohua , Lu Hua , Zhou Xiang
Published: September 2019

Hotspot p53 mutants augment cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and metabolism through their gain-of-function (GOF). Ovarian cancer sustains the highest frequency of TP53 mutations, but the mechanisms underlying regulation of mutant p53s’ GOF in this type of cancer remain incompletely understood. Herein, we identified the E3-ubiquitin ligase TRIM71 as a novel mutant p53-binding protein. Ectopic TRIM71-induced ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of mutant p53 by binding to its transactivation (TA) domain, and inhibited the expression of a broad spectrum of mutant p53 target genes. Ectopic TRIM71 also restrained, whereas ablation of TRIM71 endorsed, ovarian carcinoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Significantly, TRIM71 overexpression is highly associated with favorable prognosis, particularly, in TP53-mutated ovarian carcinomas. Altogether, our findings unveil the anti-tumor function of TRIM71 in ovarian cancer development and prognosis by downregulating mutant p53s.
Targeting Wnt/EZH2/microRNA-708 signaling pathway inhibits neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer
Authors: Shan Jingxuan , Al-Muftah Mariam A. , Al-Kowari Moza K. , Abuaqel Sirin W. J. , Al-Rumaihi Khalid , Al-Bozom Issam , Li Pu , Chouchane Lotfi
Published: September 2019

Prostate cancer (PC) castration resistance has been linked to the differentiation of PC luminal cells into hormone-refractory neuroendocrine (NE) cells. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the emergence of lethal NE prostate cancer (NEPC) remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the transition from prostate adenocarcinoma to NEPC. The microRNA miR-708 was involved in NE differentiation and was downregulated in NEPC cells and tumor specimens. miR-708 targeted Sestrin-3 to inhibit Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) phosphorylation, resulting in apoptosis of prostate adenocarcinoma cells and AKT-inactivated NEPC cells, the latter of which was consistent with the progression of tumor xenografts in mice under miR-708 treatment. In silico analysis of PC and NEPC tumor specimens suggested that the polycomb repressive complex subunit Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) was particularly overexpressed in NEPC. Notably, EZH2 bound to the miR-708 promoter and induced its silencing in NEPC. Inhibition of EZH2 prevented NE differentiation of PC cells. EZH2 expression was regulated by both Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) and Wnt signaling. Silencing transcription factor 4 (TCF4), as a key protein in Wnt signaling, prevented NEPC formation. These results provide a molecular basis for the roles of miR-708 and EZH2 in NE differentiation in PC and highlight a new paradigm in NEPC formation and survival.
GP-provided couple-based expanded preconception carrier screening in the Dutch general population: who accepts the test-offer and why?
Authors: Schuurmans Juliette , Birnie Erwin , Ranchor Adelita V. , Abbott Kristin M. , Fenwick Angela , Lucassen Anneke , Berger Marjolein Y. , Verkerk Marian , van Langen Irene M. , Plantinga Mirjam
Published: September 2019

Next generation sequencing has enabled fast and relatively inexpensive expanded carrier screening (ECS) that can inform couples’ reproductive decisions before conception and during pregnancy. We previously showed that a couple-based approach to ECS for autosomal recessive (AR) conditions was acceptable and feasible for both health care professionals and the non-pregnant target population in the Netherlands. This paper describes the acceptance of this free test-offer of preconception ECS for 50 severe conditions, the characteristics of test-offer acceptors and decliners, their views on couple-based ECS and reasons for accepting or declining the test-offer. We used a survey that included self-rated health, intention to accept the test-offer, barriers to test-participation and arguments for and against test-participation. Fifteen percent of the expected target population—couples potentially planning a pregnancy—attended pre-test counselling and 90% of these couples proceeded with testing. Test-offer acceptors and decliners differed in their reproductive characteristics (e.g. how soon they wanted to conceive), educational level and stated barriers to test-participation. Sparing a child a life with a severe genetic condition was the most important reason to accept ECS. The most important reason for declining was that the test-result would not affect participants’ reproductive decisions. Our results demonstrate that previously uninformed couples of reproductive age, albeit a selective part, were interested in and chose to have couple-based ECS. Alleviating practical barriers, which prevented some interested couples from participating, is recommended before nationwide implementation.
Broadband transparent optical phase change materials for high-performance nonvolatile photonics
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Chou Jeffrey B. , Li Junying , Li Huashan , Du Qingyang , Yadav Anupama , Zhou Si , Shalaginov Mikhail Y. , Fang Zhuoran , Zhong Huikai , Roberts Christopher , Robinson Paul , Bohlin Bridget , Ríos Carlos , Lin Hongtao , Kang Myungkoo , Gu Tian , Warner Jamie , Liberman Vladimir , Richardson Kathleen , Hu Juejun
Published: September 2019

Optical phase change materials (O-PCMs), a unique group of materials featuring exceptional optical property contrast upon a solid-state phase transition, have found widespread adoption in photonic applications such as switches, routers and reconfigurable meta-optics. Current O-PCMs, such as Ge–Sb–Te (GST), exhibit large contrast of both refractive index (Δn) and optical loss (Δk), simultaneously. The coupling of both optical properties fundamentally limits the performance of many applications. Here we introduce a new class of O-PCMs based on Ge–Sb–Se–Te (GSST) which breaks this traditional coupling. The optimized alloy, Ge2Sb2Se4Te1, combines broadband transparency (1–18.5 μm), large optical contrast (Δn = 2.0), and significantly improved glass forming ability, enabling an entirely new range of infrared and thermal photonic devices. We further demonstrate nonvolatile integrated optical switches with record low loss and large contrast ratio and an electrically-addressed spatial light modulator pixel, thereby validating its promise as a material for scalable nonvolatile photonics.
Soft chromophore featured liquid porphyrins and their utilization toward liquid electret applications
Authors: Ghosh Avijit , Yoshida Manabu , Suemori Kouji , Isago Hiroaki , Kobayashi Nagao , Mizutani Yasuhisa , Kurashige Yuki , Kawamura Izuru , Nirei Masami , Yamamuro Osamu , Takaya Tomohisa , Iwata Koichi , Saeki Akinori , Nagura Kazuhiko , Ishihara Shinsuke , Nakanishi Takashi
Published: September 2019

Optoelectronically active viscous liquids are ideal for fabricating foldable/stretchable electronics owing to their excellent deformability and predictable π-unit–based optoelectronic functions, which are independent of the device shape and geometry. Here we show, unprecedented ‘liquid electret’ devices that exhibit mechanoelectrical and electroacoustic functions, as well as stretchability, have been prepared using solvent-free liquid porphyrins. The fluidic nature of the free-base alkylated-tetraphenylporphyrins was controlled by attaching flexible and bulky branched alkyl chains at different positions. Furthermore, a subtle porphyrin ring distortion that originated from the bulkiness of alkyl chains was observed. Its consequences on the electronic perturbation of the porphyrin-unit were precisely elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and theoretical modelling. This molecular design allows shielding of the porphyrin unit by insulating alkyl chains, which facilitates its corona-charged state for a long period under ambient conditions.
Identifying residual hotspots and mapping lower respiratory infection morbidity and mortality in African children from 2000 to 2017
Authors: Reiner Robert C. , Welgan Catherine A. , Casey Daniel C. , Troeger Christopher E. , Baumann Mathew M. , Nguyen QuynhAnh P. , Swartz Scott J. , Blacker Brigette F. , Deshpande Aniruddha , Mosser Jonathan F. , Osgood-Zimmerman Aaron E. , Earl Lucas , Marczak Laurie B. , Munro Sandra B. , Miller-Petrie Molly K. , Rodgers Kemp Grant , Frostad Joseph , Wiens Kirsten E. , Lindstedt Paulina A. , Pigott David M. , Dwyer-Lindgren Laura , Ross Jennifer M. , Burstein Roy , Graetz Nicholas , Rao Puja C. , Khalil Ibrahim A. , Davis Weaver Nicole , Ray Sarah E. , Davis Ian , Farag Tamer , Brady Oliver J. , Kraemer Moritz U. G. , Smith David L. , Bhatt Samir , Weiss Daniel J. , Gething Peter W. , Kassebaum Nicholas J. , Mokdad Ali H. , Murray Christopher J. L. , Hay Simon I.
Published: September 2019

Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are the leading cause of death in children under the age of 5, despite the existence of vaccines against many of their aetiologies. Furthermore, more than half of these deaths occur in Africa. Geospatial models can provide highly detailed estimates of trends subnationally, at the level where implementation of health policies has the greatest impact. We used Bayesian geostatistical modelling to estimate LRI incidence, prevalence and mortality in children under 5 subnationally in Africa for 2000–2017, using surveys covering 1.46 million children and 9,215,000 cases of LRI. Our model reveals large within-country variation in both health burden and its change over time. While reductions in childhood morbidity and mortality due to LRI were estimated for almost every country, we expose a cluster of residual high risk across seven countries, which averages 5.5 LRI deaths per 1,000 children per year. The preventable nature of the vast majority of LRI deaths mandates focused health system efforts in specific locations with the highest burden.
Updating the global occurrence of Culicoides imicola, a vector for emerging viral diseases
Authors: Leta Samson , Fetene Eyerusalem , Mulatu Tesfaye , Amenu Kebede , Jaleta Megarsa Bedasa , Beyene Tariku Jibat , Negussie Haileleul , Kriticos Darren , Revie Crawford W.
Published: September 2019

Culicoides imicola is the main vector transmitting viruses causing animal diseases such as Bluetongue, African Horse Sickness, and Schmallenberg. It has become widely distributed, with reports from South Africa to southern Europe, and from western Africa to southern China. This study presents a global compendium of Culicoides imicola occurrence between 1943 and 2018, reflecting the most recently compiled and harmonized global dataset derived from peer-reviewed literature. The procedures used in producing the data, as well as the geo-coding methods, database management and technical validation procedures are described. The study provides an updated and comprehensive global database of C. imicola occurrence, consisting of 1 039 geo-coded records from 50 countries. The datasets can be used for risk mapping of the diseases transmitted by C. imicola as well as to develop the global habitat suitability for the vector.
Reversible transformation between CsPbBr3 nanowires and nanoparticles
Authors: Ji Yongqiang , Wang Minqiang , Yang Zhi , Ji Shangdong , Qiu Hengwei , Dou Jinjuan , Gaponenko Nikolai V.
Published: September 2019

We show that CsPbBr3 nanowires (NWs) are formed by the hierarchical arrangement of individual nanoparticles (NPs), and reversible transformation from NWs to NPs is also achieved by anion exchange.
An unusual homospin CoII ferrimagnetic single-chain magnet with large hysteresis
Authors: Zhao Fei , Dong Zhen-Peng , Liu Zhi-Liang , Wang Yan-Qin
Published: September 2019

A homospin Co(ii) ferrimagnetic SCM was obtained with coexistence of 1D ferrimagnetic chains, SCM-based slow magnetic dynamics and large hysteresis.
Lanthanide and actinide doped B12H122− and Al12H122− clusters: new magnetic superatoms with f-block elements
Authors: Joshi Meenakshi , Ghanty Tapan K.
Published: September 2019

New magnetic superatoms are designed through doping of lanthanides and actinides into dodecaborate and dodecaalanate.
Enrichment of methanol inside pNIPAM gels in the cononsolvency-induced collapse
Authors: Nothdurft Katja , Müller David H. , Brands Thorsten , Bardow André , Richtering Walter
Published: September 2019

From Raman, we determined an enrichment of methanol inside the polymer in the cononsolvency-induced collapse and donor-type hydrogen-bonding of methanol with pNIPAM.
Nickel(ii) PE1CE2P pincer complexes (E = O, S) for electrocatalytic proton reduction
Authors: Kaur-Ghumaan Sandeep , Hasche Patrick , Spannenberg Anke , Beweries Torsten
Published: September 2019

The catalytic activity of a series of nickel complexes with different phosphinite/thiophosphinite ligands for electrocatalytic proton reduction strongly depends on the nature of the pincer ligands.
Fluorinated dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole: a new building block for organic optoelectronic materials
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Jiang Bin , Du Chenchen , Ren Xiaolei , Duan Zhiming , Wang Hongyu
Published: September 2019

The synthesis of monofluorinated and difluorinated dithienyl-DPP was reported using a stepwise synthesis method starting from the preparation of pyrrolinone followed by condensation with methyl thiophene-2-carbimidate derivatives.
Computational study on epoxidation of propylene by dioxygen using the silanol-functionalized polyoxometalate-supported osmium oxide catalyst
Authors: Chu Yun-Jie , Chen Xue-Mei , Liu Chun-Guang
Published: September 2019

The silanol-functionalized POM-supported single-site Os oxide catalyst has been theoretically considered for epoxidation of propylene in the presence of dioxygen based on density functional theory calculations.
Metal–organic framework-derived heterojunctions as nanocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Lu Lele , Wu Boyuan , Shi Wei , Cheng Peng
Published: September 2019

A summary of using the pore chemistry or surface chemistry of MOFs to construct heterojunction nanocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
A smart tumor-microenvironment responsive nanoprobe for highly selective and efficient combination therapy
Authors: Fan Yifan , Guan Shanli , Fang Wenpeng , Li Pengyun , Hu Binbin , Shan Changfu , Wu Wenyu , Cao Jing , Cheng Bo , Liu Weisheng , Tang Yu
Published: September 2019

In this work, a smart nanoprobe was designed not only to strengthen cells uptake capacity and modulate tumor hypoxic, but also to achieve efficient combination therapy.
Carbonized polymer dots/TiO2 photonic crystal heterostructures with enhanced light harvesting and charge separation for efficient and stable photocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Yue , Zeng Qingsen , Feng Tanglue , Xia Chunlei , Liu Chongming , Yang Fan , Zhang Kai , Yang Bai
Published: September 2019

Carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) are introduced into TiO2 photonic crystals (PCs) to form CPD/PC heterostructures, which show enhanced light harvesting and charge separation and thus promoted photocatalytic performance.
Vasos Subclavios: ¿Qué tan cerca se Encuentran de la Clavícula?
Authors: Manosalvas Daniel P. , Calvo Claudio A. , Soza Francisco J. , Azócar Camila P. , Alegria Anselmo I. , Liendo Rodrigo J.
Published: September 2019

Introducción la lesión de los vasos subclavios durante la cirugía de clavícula es una situación rara, de suceder podría resultar incluso mortal; conocer su ubicación es indispensable para minimizar ese riesgo.

Objetivo determinar la ubicación y la distancia de la AS y VS respecto a la clavícula. Secundariamente, identificar las características particulares que influencien la ubicación y la distancia.

Materiales y Método estudio retrospectivo, AngioTAC de tórax y cuello entre 2012 y 2017; se midió la longitud de la clavícula, distancia y dirección de los vasos subclavios en cada tercio de la clavícula, como también la angulación entre una horizontal y el centro de los vasos subclavios.

Resultados 39 AngioTC, 78 hombros. Distancia AS/clavícula tercio proximal, medio y distal 32,8mm (20,3-46,3), 15,4mm (6,8-28,0) y 62,7mm (37,0-115,4) respectivamente. La distancia VS/clavícula tercio proximal, medio y distal fue: 7,4mm (1,0-19,2), 16,2mm (6,7-34,7) y 67,1mm (29,7-117,0) respectivamente. La ubicación de AS y VS con respecto a la clavícula es posterosuperior en el tercio proximal, posteroinferior en el tercio medio e inferior en el tercio distal.

Conclusión En el tercio proximal la vena puede estar solo a 1mm de la clavícula y la arteria a 6mm en dirección antero-posterior, resultando esa zona la más peligrosa. En el tercio medio la distancia es mayor, pudiendo estar arteria y vena a solo 6mm, la dirección de brocado más peligrosa es antero-inferior con una inclinación promedio de 45° caudal. El tercio distal es el más seguro, los vasos están al menos a 30mm de distancia hacia caudal.

Nivel de evidencia III.
Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Cured with Different Light Sources under Thermocycling
Authors: Sokucu Oral , Siso Seyda Herguner , Ozturk Firat , Nalcaci Ruhi
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of two different light sources under different thermal cycle frequencies.

Methods: Ninety human premolar teeth were divided into six groups, in which three groups consisted of halogen groups – Group I was cured with halogen without thermocycle, Group II cured with halogen with 500 thermocycles, and Group III cured with halogen with 10,000 thermocycles. The other three groups consisted of Plasma arc (PAC) group – Group IV was cured with PAC without thermocycle, Group V cured with PAC thermocycled 500 cycles, and Group VI cured with PAC thermocycled 10,000 cycles. Two way ANOVA was used to compare the SBS between the groups, and chi squaretest was used to compare the bond failure of ARI scores among the groups.

Results: A significant difference was found for curing lights (P<.001) and thermocycling (P<.01). However, there was no interaction between light curing and thermocycling (P=.177). The halogen groups demonstrated higher mean SBS than the PAC groups. Both groups showed a significant reduction between no cycles and 10,000 cycles (P<.05).

Conclusions: Both light sources showed favorable SBS performance without the thermocycle procedure. Thermocycling significantly decreased the SBS values of both groups. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:257- 262)
Caries Experience among Females aged 16–21 in Punjab, India and its Relationship with Lifestyle and Salivary HSP70 Levels
Authors: Kaur Rabinder , Kataria Hardeep , Kumar Sushil , Kaur Gurcharan
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence and means of dental caries experience and the prevalence of calculus among college students and their awareness of general dental health. The correlation between the experience of caries and extracellular levels of heat shock protein-70 (eHSP70) was studied in saliva samples of these students to ascertain whether eHSP level changes as a result of increased caries experience of these subjects.

Methods: The current study was conducted among 147 female undergraduate students aged 16– 21 in the state of Punjab, India. Dental examinations were performed to assess for the presence of calculus and DMFT, and subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire. The data were recorded and analysed for the role of various factors in the prevalence of caries, including dietary habits. Saliva samples were collected for ELISA-based assay of eHSP70 levels.

Results: The prevalence of caries experience (DMFT>0) was 63.2%, with average DMFT of 2.91 in students aged 16–18 and 3.26 in those aged 19–21. Of those with caries, 68% also showed the presence of calculus, compared with 60.0% of subjects with DMFT=0. The level of eHSP was significantly higher (P<.05) in subjects with higher levels of caries (DMFT=4–8) compared with subjects having DMFT between 0 and 3.

Conclusions: A significant relationship was observed between caries experience and oral hygiene habits, emphasizing the need to design and plan preventive strategies for persons at greatest risk. The correlation between mean DMFT and prevalence of eHSP was highly significant. This is the first study to report a correlation between caries experience and the saliva level of stress response protein HSP70. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:308-313)
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma with Multiple Metastases to Facial and Cranial Bones: A Case Report
Authors: Ertas Umit , Yalcin Ertan , Erdogan Fazli
Published: September 2019

Female breast cancer is one of the major causes of death among women. Metastatic tumors to the maxillo-facial bones are rare. We present diagnosis and treatment of multiple metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma involving massive and early stage the left half of the mandibular body, the floor of the orbit, maxilla, left parietal bone, the iliac bone and cervical and thoracal vertebras in a 36 years old female one and half years after operated. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:334-337)
Use of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in the Treatment of Large Periapical Lesions: Reports of Three Cases
Authors: Yildirim Tahsin , Gencoglu Nimet
Published: September 2019

Pulpal and periradicular pathosis are the result of microbial, mechanical, or chemical invasion. Microorganisms are the main irritants of pulpal and periapical tissues. The goal of the obturation is to obtain a fluid-tight seal of the root canal system from its coronal aspect through its apical extent to preserve from the irritants.. Root apices have morphological irregularities in teeth with periapical lesions. Therefore, it is more difficult to produce hermetically apical stop with conventional guttapercha obturation techniques. This case report describes the treatment and six years follow-up of the teeth with large periapical lesion using MTA as apical filling material. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:468- 474)
Repair of Furcal Iatrogenic Perforation with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: Two Years Follow-up of Two Cases
Authors: Unal Gul Celik , Maden Murat , Isidan Tugba
Published: September 2019

Furcal perforation is usually an undesired complication that can occur during preparation of endodontic access cavities or exploring canal orifice of multirooted teeth. Inadequacy of the repair materials has been a contributing factor to the poor outcome of repair procedures. On the basis of the recent physical and biologic property studies of the relatively new introduced mineral trioxide aggregate, this material may be suitable for closing the communication between the pulp chamber and the underlying periodontal tissues. There are few reports on repair of furcal perforation with MTA in molar teeth. The purpose of this case report was to describe the treatment of two furcal perforation using MTA in molar teeth. The perforations were cleaned with NaOCl and saline solution and sealed with MTA without internal matrix. Finally, the teeth were endodontically treated and coronally restored with composite resin and ceramic veneer crown and bridge. After 2 years, the absence of periradicular radiolucent lesions, pain, and swelling along with functional tooth stability indicated a successful outcome of sealing perforations in two cases. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:475-481)
The Effect of Xylitol on the Composition of the Oral Flora: A Pilot Study
Authors: Söderling Eva , Hirvonen Aino , Karjalainen Sara , Fontana Margherita , Catt Diana , Seppä Liisa
Published: September 2019

Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the effect of short-term xylitol consumption on the microbial composition of plaque and saliva. Methods: Twelve volunteers (22-38 yrs) harboring mutans streptococci (MS) participated in the randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. The experimental chewing gum contained 65% xylitol while the control gum contained 63% sorbitol and 2% maltitol w/w. The polyol dose was approximately 6 g/day. Stimulated saliva and plaque samples were collected before and after the two four-week test periods. The samples were cultured for MS, total streptococci, lactobacilli, and total facultatives. A part of the samples were subjected to DNA-DNA hybridizations of 14 microbial plaque species: Actinomyces naeslundii, A. viscosus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. fermentum, L. paracasei, L. rhamnose, L. plantarum, Streptococcus gordonii, S. oralis, S. parasanguis, S. salivarius, S. sanguinis, Veillonella parvula. Results: The MS counts of the plaque samples collected from “caries-prone” tooth sites decreased significantly (P<.01) in the xylitol gum group but not in the sorbitol gum group. Also the plaque MS percentage decreased significantly in the xylitol gum group (P<.01). The salivary MS counts did not decrease either in the xylitol or in the sorbitol gum groups. Nor were changes detected in the salivary levels of total streptococci or lactobacilli. The DNA-DNA hybridization assay revealed no study-induced changes in the microbial composition of the dental plaque. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this pilot study, xylitol consumption reduced MS counts in plaque but appeared not to affect the microbial composition of plaque or saliva in general. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:24-31)
Dental Health Evaluation of Children in Kosovo
Authors: Begzati Agim , Meqa Kastriot , Siegenthaler David , Berisha Merita , Mautsch Walter
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess caries prevalence of preschool and school children in Kosovo. Methods: The assessment, which was carried out between 2002 and 2005, included measurements of early childhood caries, deft and DMFT. Results: In total, 1,237 preschool and 2,556 school children were examined. The mean deft of preschool children was 5.9, and the mean DMFT of school children aged 12 was 5.8. The caries prevalence for 2- to 6-year-old preschool children was 91.2%, and the prevalence for 7- to 14-yearold school children was 94.4%. The prevalence of early childhood caries was 17.6%, with a mean deft of 10.6. Conclusions: All data assessed showed the very poor oral health status of children in Kosovo. Interviews with children and teachers indicated poor knowledge regarding oral health. Significant measures must be taken to improve this situation. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:32-39)
In Situ Investigation of the Remineralizing Effect of Saliva and Fluoride on Enamel Following Prophylaxis Using Sodium Bicarbonate
Authors: Grazziotin Gladis Benjamina , Rios Daniela , Honório Heitor Marques , Silva Salete Moura Bonifácio , Lima José Eduardo Oliveira
Published: September 2019

Objectives: This in situ study evaluated the effect of saliva, associated or not with fluoride, on enamel previously submitted to prophylaxis using sodium bicarbonate. Methods: The study was conducted on enamel blocks submitted to in vitro prophylaxis using sodium bicarbonate. The blocks were randomly divided into 2 groups (G1/G2) and mounted on intraoral appliances wore by 10 volunteers. G1 blocks were directly exposed to saliva in situ, while blocks in G2 were exposed to saliva with fluoride (rinsing with 0.2% NaF solution during the initial minute). Enamel alterations were evaluated using surface microhardness and profilometry. Enamel hardness data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests and surface wear was evaluated using paired t test (P<.05). Results: No significant differences were found between G1 and G2 for enamel hardness and wear. The wear after prophylaxis was not different from the wear after the in situ stage. Baseline mean values of enamel hardness, after prophylaxis and after the in situ stage were 340±16.6, 329±35.7 and 354±37.8 for G1 and 338±15.6, 312±46.3 and 340±21.8 for G2, respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that saliva alone exhibited a similar effect to saliva associated with fluoride; after 4h of in situ remineralization, there was no recovery in height of the enamel structure that had been lost due to the application of sodium bicarbonate. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:40-46)
Influence of Two Desensitizer Agents on the Microleakage of Adhesively Luted Ceramic Inlays
Authors: Celik Esra Uzer , Kumbaraci Nazli , Cal Ebru , Murat Turkun
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different desensitizers (Hemaseal & Cide and Aqua Prep F) on the microleakage of ceramic inlay restorations luted with adhesive resin cement. Methods: Cylindrical Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of thirty extracted human third molars. One of the desensitizers (either Hemaseal&Cide, Advantage Dental Products Inc. or Aqua-Prep F, Bisco) was applied to the cavities. Ten samples were used as controls. Ceramic inlays were fabricated using the heat-pressed glass ceramic technique (IPS Empress II). Inlay restorations were luted using adhesive cement (Variolink II, Ivoclar-Vivadent). The restorations were properly finished, stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h and subjected to 1000 thermal cycles. The microleakage scores were examined using a stereomicroscope at the 30x magnification after each sample was stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin. The data were analyzed using Kruskall Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests (P=0.05). Results: Aqua-Prep F samples showed significantly higher microleakage scores at the enamel margins than did the Hemaseal & Cide and control groups (P<.05). Hemaseal & Cide application led to less microleakage than the other groups both at the enamel and dentin margins (P<.05). Conclusions: Hemaseal & Cide desensitizer decreased the microleakage process at the enamel and dentin margins of inlay restorations luted with adhesive luting cement, while Aqua-Prep F increased the leakage scores at the enamel margins. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:77-83)
Fluoride Concentration of Some Brands of Fermented Milks Available in the Market
Authors: Lodi Carolina Simonetti , Manareli Michele Maurício , Sassaki Kikue Takebayashi , Delbem Alberto Carlos Botazzo , Martinhon Cleide Cristina Rodrigues
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the fluoride ion concentration in some fermented milks present in the market. Methods: Three brands of 6 fermented milks (Parmalat®-uva, Chamyto®, Paulista®, Batavito®, Yakult®, Vigor Club®) were analyzed. Fluoride concentration was evaluated after facilitated microdiffusion by HDMS. Results: Parmalat® products ranged from 0.022 μgF/g to 0.031 μgF/g, Chamyto® from 0.228 μgF/g to 0.272 μgF/g, Paulista® from 0.182 μgF/g to 0.220 μgF/g, Batavito® from 0.028 μgF/g to 0.030 μgF/g, Yakult® from 0.115 μgF/g to 0.206 μgF/g and Vigor Club® from 0.808 μgF/g to 1.171 μgF/g. Conclusions: The presence of fluoride could be observed in all of the fermented milks analyzed which can contribute with the total fluoride daily intake. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:139-142)
The Effect of Cavity Shape and Hybrid Layer on the Stress Distribution of Cervical Composite Restorations
Authors: Eliguzeloglu Evrim , Eraslan Oguz , Omurlu Huma , Eskitascioglu Gurcan , Belli Sema
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this finite elemental stress analysis study was to evaluate the effect of cavity shape and hybrid layer on the stress distribution of the mandibular premolar tooth under occlusal loading. Methods: The mandibular premolar tooth was selected as the model based on the anatomical measurements suggested by Wheeler. Four different mathematical models were evaluated: 1) a saucer-shaped non-carious cervical lesion restored with a composite without a hybrid layer, 2) a saucer-shaped non-carious cervical lesion restored with a composite with a hybrid layer, 3) a wedge-shaped non-carious cervical lesion restored with a composite without a hybrid layer, and 4) a wedge-shaped non-carious cervical lesion restored with a composite with a hybrid layer. A 200 N force was applied from the buccal tubercule and central fossa of the premolar tooth. The findings were drawn by the SAPLOT program. Results: In models 2 and 4, the output showed that a hybrid layer acts as a stress absorber. Additionally, when the cavity shape was changed, the stress distribution was very different. Conclusions: Cavity shape and hybrid layer play an important role in stress distribution in cervical restorations. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:180-185)
Generalized Familial Crown Resorptions in Unerupted Teeth
Authors: Miloglu Ozkan , Goregen Mustafa , Akgul Hayati Murat , Harorli Abubekir
Published: September 2019

This paper reports the case of 2 sisters with generalized familial crown resorptions, including co-occurrence of familial dental abnormalities of severe crown resorption, failure of eruption, and congenitally missing teeth, which have not been described earlier in the literature. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:206-209)
Update on Nonsurgical, Ultraconservative Approaches to Treat Effectively Non-Cavitated Caries Lesions in Permanent Teeth
Authors: Borges Boniek Castillo Dutra , Borges Juliane de Souza , Araujo Larissa Sgarbosa Napoleao de , Machado Claudia Tavares , Santos Alex Jose Souza dos , Pinheiro Isauremi Vieira de Assunçao
Published: September 2019

Dental caries on tooth surfaces is still a problem in many industrialized countries. For many years, dentistry was influenced by a mechanical approach characterized by the use of high-speed rotary cutting instruments, and dentists predominantly used surgical methods to address caries. This included radical removal of diseased portions of the tooth, along with material-driven geometric extensions to areas that were assumed to be caries-resistant. This concept of extension for prevention was introduced by G. V. Black and influenced dentists for more than 120 years. Recently, a new paradigm of operative conservatism, sometimes referred to as “minimally invasive dentistry,” has gained popularity. This paradigm is designed to promote maximum preservation of healthy dental structures over a lifetime. The aim of this review is to discuss the efficacy of current nonsurgical treatments for non-cavitated caries lesions in permanent teeth. Based on results obtained from clinical trials, this review evaluates treatments such as consumption of CPP-ACP added gums, resin infiltration and fissure sealing. Although in a few cases an invasive approach is needed to arrest caries progression, the non-surgical approach generally provides potential benefits that include conserving structure by delaying intervention or minimizing the operative procedure. All current non-invasive methods are effective in treating non-cavitated caries lesions. The adoption of non-invasive approaches in the management of these lesions can preserve dental tissues, thus increasing tooth longevity. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:229-236)
A cephalometric comparative study of class II correction with Sabbagh Universal Spring (SUS²) and Forsus FRD appliances
Authors: Oztoprak Mehmet Oguz , Nalbantgil Didem , Uyanlar Ayhan , Arun Tulin
Published: September 2019

Objectives:The purpose of this clinical prospective study was to compare the dentofacial changes produced by the Sabbagh Universal Spring (SUS²) and Forsus FRD appliances in late adolescent patients with Class II malocclusion, and quantify them in comparison with an untreated group.

Methods: The study was carried out on 59 patients with skeletal and dental Class II malocclusion due to retrognatic mandible. Among these, 20 were treated with SUS², 20 were treated with FRD, and no treatment was done to 19 subjects as the control group. 36 cephalometric landmarks were identified on each lateral cephalometric radiograph.

Results:The effects of both appliances were dentoalveolar and no significant vertical and sagittal skeletal effect on maxilla and mandible was achieved. The retrusion and extrusion of the maxillary incisors as well as the protrusion and intrusion of mandibular incisors were found to be statistically significant in both treatment groups. Soft tissue profile improvement was limited in both treatment groups.

Conclusions: Both appliances corrected Class II discrepancies through dentoalveolar changes; however lower incisor proclination was more prominent with the Forsus FRD. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:302- 310)
A van der Waals epitaxial growth of ultrathin two-dimensional Sn film on graphene covered Cu(111) substrate
Authors: Wu Haifei , Tang Jiahao , Liang Qifeng , Shi Biyun , Niu Yixiao , Si Jianxiao , Liao Qing , Dou Weidong
Published: September 2019

Two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin gray tin (α-Sn) has attracted intense research efforts owing to its fascinating physical properties such as high-temperature quantum spin Hall effects, high thermoelectricity, topological superconductivity, and so on. Although monolayer α-Sn was achieved on substrates like Bi2Te3(111), Cu(111), Ag(111), and PbTe(111), the above-mentioned physical properties of α-Sn were lost due to strong Sn-substrate coupling. For promising applications of 2D Sn, it is necessary to decouple the Sn film from the substrate in order to retain the intrinsic properties of the 2D Sn film. Here, we grew ultrathin Sn films (about 6 Ǻ) on monolayer-graphene (MLG) covered Cu(111) by using molecular beam epitaxy. It was found that the van der Waals (vdW) epitaxial growth behavior was enhanced due to the template-effect of MLG, leading to the development of the 2D Sn film with a uniform thickness and continuous morphology. In addition, we also observed that the 2D Sn film on the MLG substrate is long-term stable in air. Our study provides a promising approach toward the controllable fabrication of high-quality 2D Sn films.
Site discrimination and size effect of B-doping in Si nanocrystals by second-neighbor atom consideration
Authors: Li H. , Du H. N. , He X. W. , Shen Y. Y. , Wang Y. C. , Zhang H. X.
Published: September 2019

The site discrimination and the size effect on the formation energy Ef of the B atoms in B-doped Si nanocrystals (SiNCs) were studied by introducing a new parameter, the adjusted coordination number (ACN), which includes second-nearest neighbor atoms. A series of Ef values were obtained by using the first-principle calculation. It was found that the B-doping sites in the SiNCs can be well discriminated by ACN, and the change trends of Ef with either size or site become clear if one uses ACN as a describer. When the site is given, Ef has a decreasing trend when the size increases. However, when considering the sites with the same coordination number in a given Si nanocrystal, their Ef values increase with increasing ACN. Moreover, it was observed that sites with ACN = 3.375 are the usually preferred B-doping sites in these SiNCs when they exist.
Chaos: A new mechanism for enhancing the optical generation rate in optically thin solar cells
Authors: Seim E. , Kohler A. , Lukacs R. , Brandsrud M. A. , Marstein E. S. , Olsen E. , Blümel R.
Published: September 2019

The photogenerated current of solar cells can be enhanced by light management with surface structures. For solar cells with optically thin absorbing layers, it is especially important to take advantage of this fact through light trapping. The general idea behind light trapping is to use structures, either on the front surface or on the back, to scatter light rays to maximize their path length in the absorber. In this paper, we investigate the potential of chaotic scattering for light trapping. It is well known that the trajectories close to the invariant set of a chaotic scatterer spend a very long time inside of the scatterer before they leave. The invariant set, also called the chaotic repeller, contains all rays of infinite length that never enter or leave the region of the scatterer. If chaotic repellers exist in a system, a chaotic dynamics is present in the scatterer. As a model system, we investigate an elliptical dome structure placed on top of an optically thin absorbing film, a system inspired by the chaotic Bunimovich stadium. A classical ray-tracing program has been developed to classify the scattering dynamics and to evaluate the absorption efficiency, modeled with Beer-Lambert’s law. We find that there is a strong correlation between the enhancement of absorption efficiency and the onset of chaotic scattering in such systems. The dynamics of the systems was shown to be chaotic by their positive Lyapunov exponents and the noninteger fractal dimension of their scattering fractals.
Improved characteristics of MOS interface between In0.53Ga0.47As and insulator by H2 annealing with Pt gate electrode
Authors: Kim Seong Kwang , Geum Dae-Myeong , Lim Hyeong-Rak , Kim Hansung , Han Jae-Hoon , Hwang Do Kyung , Song Jin Dong , Kim Hyung-jun , Kim Sanghyeon
Published: September 2019

In this work, we fabricated n-In0.53Ga0.47As metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) with a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) interface of Y2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As. We investigated interfacial properties of the gate stack through the H2 ambient annealing process in MOSCAPs. We obtained an extremely low interface trap density of Dit = 1.8 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1. We compared the H2 annealing effect in different gate electrode materials of Ni and Pt. We determined that the Pt electrode was effective in maximizing the impact of H2 annealing. Also, we fabricated In0.53Ga0.47As-on-insulator MOS field-effect-transistors using an optimized annealing process, which showed more stable electrical characteristics than devices through the N2 ambient annealing process.
Varying solvent type modulates collagen coating and stem cell
mechanotransduction on hydrogel substrates
Authors: Stanton Alice E. , Tong Xinming , Yang Fan
Published: September 2019

Type I collagen is the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in the human body and is commonly used as a biochemical ligand for hydrogel substrates to support cell adhesion in mechanotransduction studies. Previous protocols for conjugating collagen I have used different solvents; yet, how varying solvent pH and composition impacts the efficiency and distribution of these collagen I coatings remains unknown. Here, we examine the effect of varying solvent pH and type on the efficiency and distribution of collagen I coatings on polyacrylamide hydrogels. We further evaluate the effects of varying solvent on mechanotransduction of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by characterizing cell spreading and localization of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP), a key transcriptional regulator of mechanotransduction. Increasing solvent pH to 5.2 and above increased the heterogeneity of coating with collagen bundle formation. Collagen I coating highly depends on the solvent type, with acetic acid leading to the highest conjugation efficiency and most homogeneous coating. Compared to HEPES or phosphate-buffered saline buffer, acetic acid-dissolved collagen I coatings substantially enhance MSC adhesion and spreading on both glass and polyacrylamide hydrogel substrates. When acetic acid was used for collagen coatings, even the low collagen concentration (1 μg/ml) induced robust MSC spreading and nuclear YAP localization on both soft (3 kPa) and stiff (38 kPa) substrates. Depending on the solvent type, stiffness-dependent nuclear YAP translocation occurs at a different collagen concentration. Together, the results from this study validate the solvent type as an important parameter to consider when using collagen I as the biochemical ligand to support cell adhesion.
Adaptive strong-field control of vibrational population in NO2+
Authors: Voznyuk O. , Jochim Bethany , Zohrabi M. , Broin Adam , Averin R. , Carnes K. D. , Ben-Itzhak I. , Wells E.
Published: September 2019

An adaptive closed-loop system employing coincidence time-of-flight feedback is used to determine the optimal pulse shapes for manipulating the branching ratio of NO dications following double ionization by an intense laser pulse. Selection between the long-lived NO2+ and the dissociative N+ + O+ final states requires control of the vibrational population distribution in the transient NO2+. The ability to both suppress and enhance NO2+ relative to N+ + O+ is observed, with the effectiveness of shaped pulses surpassing near Fourier transform-limited pulses by about an order of magnitude in each direction, depending on the pulse energy. The control is subsequently investigated using velocity map imaging, identifying plausible dissociation pathways leading to N+ + O+. Combining the information about the N+ + O+ dissociation with a well-defined control objective supports the conclusion that the primary control mechanism involves selectively populating long-lived NO2+ vibrational states.
Surface plasmon-enhanced photodetection in MoTe2 phototransistors with Au nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Wenjie , Liang Renrong , Liu Yu , Zhang Shuqin , Cheng Weijun , Zhao Linyuan , Xu Jun
Published: September 2019

An effective method to improve the photoresponse of MoTe2 phototransistors by decorating with Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) is demonstrated. The Au NPs can concentrate a strong electromagnetic field around them by localized surface plasmon resonances. As a result, the light absorption of MoTe2 films could be enhanced significantly. After optimized design with Au NPs, a more than 200 times increase in the photocurrent is observed under illumination of both 365 and 405 nm light. Furthermore, the responsivities are changed from 0.61 to 398 A/W under 365 nm light illumination and from 0.43 to 220 A/W under 405 nm light illumination after decorating Au NPs onto the MoTe2 phototransistors. These findings offer an avenue for practical applications of high performance MoTe2 optoelectronic devices in the future.