bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Job satisfaction among Ethiopian nurses: a systematic review
Authors: Habtamu Abera Areri , Animut Alebel , Luel Deribe
Published: April 2021

Objective

Job satisfaction is a positive emotional feeling in the working environment, and it is an essential tool with which to improve patient safety, nurses’ efficiency and performance, quality of care, retention and turnover of nurses, and commitment to the organization and the profession. There are few studies on job satisfaction of nurses in the country. Therefore, this review aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of job satisfaction among Ethiopian nurses using the available studies.

Methods

This systematic review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of nurses’ job satisfaction. Databases used for searching the included articles from PubMed, Embase, CINHAL, Google Scholar, HINARI, and ScienceDirect. All papers selected for inclusion were subjected to a rigorous appraisal using a standardized critical appraisal checklist (JBI checklist). STATA software (version 11) was used for the analysis, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity prevailing between the studies. Finally, a random effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of nurses’ job satisfaction in the country.

Results

In this review, the data of 1,151 nurses were obtained from six studies. The pooled prevalence of nurses’ job satisfaction was found to be 39.53% (24.52, 54.53). The prevalence of job satisfaction in the Central part of Ethiopia was low: 31.12% (95% CI 5.25, 56.99) compared to the South-Eastern part of Ethiopia’s 48.01% (95% CI 36.51, 59.52). The most common predictors identified were salary (P < 0.05), the leadership of the organization (P < 0.05), and training opportunities (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The pooled prevalence of job satisfaction among nurses was found to be low in comparison with global data. The significant predictors for nurses’ job satisfaction are based on the review findings, salary, leadership of organization, and training opportunities.
Functional Movement Screening as a Predictor of Injury in Highly Trained Female’s Martial Arts Athletes
Authors: Yacine Zenati , Othmane Benbernou , Adel Belkadi , Mohamed Sebbane , Aabdelkader Benchehida , Lalia Cherara
Published: April 2021

Objective. This research examines the emerging role of FMS™ in the context of predicting lower extremity injury in females University athletes. The secondary purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between FMS performance comparisons between three martial arts sports to establish baseline comparisons.

Method. Forty-seven university female athletes were recruited for this study, The data collected was separated into three groups based on their sports discipline (judo N=17 age: 19±4, wrestling N=15 age: 18±5, karate N=15 age: 19±3), Independent t-tests were performed on each group with significance being set at P<0.05 to determine difference in FMS™ scores between injured and non injured athletes during the successive competitive seasons. One-way analyses of variances were used to determine if there was a significant difference between sports, ‘body parts injured’ groups, and ‘mechanisms of injury’ groups.

Results. One-way analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant difference between the two (ankle, knee) injury groups, and non-injury group (F2,54= 2.34; p=0.106). There was no statistical difference between the pre-season FMS™ scores of the injured and non-injured groups (t47 = -1.68; P=.100; d=0.52; 95%CI: -0.11, 1.15). Finally, strong evidence of FMS score was found when comparing the three sports with one-way ANOVAs (F=5.83, df= 2, 54, p=0.005).

Conclusion. One of the more significant findings to emerge from this study is that FMS™ has emerged as a powerful tool for identifying lower extremity injury in female athletes. Further investigation and experimentation into FMS™ are strongly recommended before implementing them into a pre-participation physical examination (PPE) for combat sports. What is now needed is a cross-national study involving other sports.
Study of a New Type of Flettner Rotor in Merchant Ships
Authors: Li Boyang , Zhang Rui , Li Yajing , Zhang Baoshou , Guo Chao
Published: April 2021

Wind energy is a clean and renewable source of energy. This study seeks to explore the potential for utilising wind power for merchant ships. A new type of Flettner rotor (rotating cylinder) mounted on the superstructure of a ship is proposed and numerically simulated. The construction and installation of the rotating cylinder is designed and a numerical simulation of the ship-mounted cylinder is carried out, using the commercially available CFD code Ansys Fluent to obtain parameters such as lift and drag coefficient of the cylinder in different conditions. Specifically, it is found that the cylinder type superstructure can play a certain role in reducing the effect of friction by comparing traditional and cylindrical superstructures; the rotating cylinder can generate auxiliary thrust for the ship. After analysis, the wind speed around the cylinder and spin ratio will have a direct influence on its thrust effect; there is an inflection point in the lift coefficient with the increase of α; the thrust coefficient (8.63) reaches the maximum environmental wind speed at 10 m/s and spin ratio is 2.5. For the rotating cylinder, the greater the environmental wind, the greater the thrust contribution generated under the same spin ratio conditions. The maximum thrust can reach 750,000 N; the cylinder’s auxiliary propulsion contribution shows a better advantage in α = 2.0. The effective power generated by the cylinder reaches a maximum of 2,240 kW for environmental wind speed = 20 m/s and α = 1.0.
Method of Cooperative Formation Control for Underactuated USVS Based on Nonlinear Backstepping and Cascade System Theory
Authors: Dong Zaopeng , Liu Yang , Wang Hao , Qin Tao
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a method for the cooperative formation control of a group of underactuated USVs. The problem of formation control is first converted to one of stabilisation control of the tracking errors of the follower USVs using system state transformation design. The followers must keep a fixed distance from the leader USV and a specific heading angle in order to maintain a certain type of formation. A global differential homeomorphism transformation is then designed to create a tracking error system for the follower USVs, in order to simplify the description of the control system. This makes the complex formation control system easy to analyse, and allows it to be decomposed into a cascaded system. In addition, several intermediate state variables and virtual control laws are designed based on nonlinear backstepping, and actual control algorithms for the follower USVs to control the surge force and yaw moment are presented. A global system that can ensure uniform asymptotic stability of the USVs’ cooperative formation control is achieved by combining Lyapunov stability theory and cascade system theory. Finally, several simulation experiments are carried out to verify the validity, stability and reliability of our cooperative formation control method.
Changes in the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) population in Czechia and their association with legal protection
Authors: Andreska Jan , Andreska Dominik
Published: April 2021

The article deals with trends in the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) population in Czechia and the interplay between legal regulation of hunting and nature protection. In the early 20th century, the eagle-owl population in Bohemia decreased to an estimated 20 nesting pairs, and the population in Moravia and Silesia was subsequently estimated to be similarly low. In previous centuries, eagle-owls had been persecuted as pest animals; additionally, their chicks were picked from nests to be kept by hunters for the eagle-owl lure hunting method (“výrovka” in Czech), where they were used as live bait to attract corvids and birds of prey, which were subsequently killed by shooting. As soon as the state of the eagle-owl population was established in the 1900s, the effort to save the autochthonous eagle-owl population commenced. Nevertheless, when eagle-owls became legally protected from killing in the 1930s, the eagle-owl lure hunting method was not prohibited. The intensified use of this hunting method in the 1950s was accompanied by serious decline in the populations of birds of prey in the Czech countryside, when tens of thousands of Eurasian sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus), northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), common buzzards (Buteo buteo) and rough-legged buzzards (B. lagopus) were killed on a yearly basis. The usage of eagle-owl chicks in lure hunting was criticised by ornithologists concerned with the conservation of birds of prey. The eagle-owl thus became a subject of more general debate on the role of predators in nature, and this debate (albeit regarding other predator species) has continued to the present-day. As the eagle-owl population has been growing steadily following the prohibition of its killing in the 1930s, its story may serve as an example of the need for effective legal protection of predators to ensure their survival in the intensively exploited central-European environment. The article examines the successful preserving of the eagle-owl in the Czech countryside, from its low point in the early 20th century towards today’s stable and ever-increasing population, focusing on environmental, conservationist, legal and societal aspects of the issue.
Transformasi Material Kertas dalam Penciptaan Karya Seni Lukis
Authors: Sugiono Widi Pangestu
Published: April 2021

Seni dapat menjadi sebuah identitas yang mencakup persoalan personal, sosial maupun kultural. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan seputar seni adalah sebuah paham modernisme yang mempertanyakan “apa itu seni’’ yang dikenal juga sebagai filsafat seni atau estetika. Pertanyaan mendasar tersebut mengakibatkan dinamika sejarah  seni  untuk terus membuat manifesto jawaban yang kemudian dipertanyakan kembali. Dengan kata lain definisi seni dalam subjektifitas penulis adalah media antara nilai-nilai dalam kehidupan yang meliputi kode-kode estetika yang dapat berkaitan dengan konteks kultural lalu dikomunikasikan secara simultan yang dikemas sedemikian rupa menjadi sebuah karya seni. Karya seni memiliki otonomi artistiknya sendiri untuk menegaskan makna penting subjek seniman dalam menciptakan karya seni. Penulis menggunakan material kertas dengan proses mentransformasikan serat menjadi kertas yang memiliki bentuk baru, penggunaan kertas sebagai idiom berkarya bertujuan untuk memahami tentang relasi dan ekspansi medium, terutama pada perkembangan seni lukis.
Paradoks Bunuh Diri Sebagai Ide dalam Penciptaan Karya Seni Grafis
Authors: Abdullah Aminuddin M
Published: April 2021

Rasa empati terhadap peristiwa kemanusiaan menjadi latar belakang ide penciptaan karya seni grafis. Kemudian ketakutan-ketakutan penulis terhadap kematian yang seolah-olah segera menjumpai setiap harinya. Banyak pihak yang mendapat keuntungan dari peristiwa tersebut tetapi mereka tidak merasa jika mereka sedang diuntungkan. Jika di suatu tempat terjadi peristiwa bunuh diri, maka bisa dipastikan akan banyak orang atau masyarakat yang menyaksikan. Terlebih lagi media, pastilah media tersebut akan memberitakan dengan sangat intens. Media akan memberitakan tragedi tersebut dengan gestur yang sepertinya sedih dan seakan berempati. Padahal jika diteliti lebih dalam, para awak media tersebut justru mendapatkan pundi-pundi uang dari hasil pemberitaan tragedi tersebut. Bentuk yang naturalistik dan figuratif serta simbol-simbol yang menggambarkan paradoks di setiap tragedi yang terjadi. Serta pegunungan, pepohonan yang menjadi setting pemandangan pada setiap karya menggambarkan suasana pedesaan yang masih asri.
Isolation of Mercury-Resistant Endophytic and Rhizosphere Microorganisms from Grasses in Abandoned Gold Mining Area
Authors: Reni Ustiatik  , Yulia Nuraini  , Suharjono  , Eko Handayanto
Published: April 2021

There were about 900 hotspots of artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) in Indonesia that recovered gold through amalgamation and cyanidation techniques. Amalgamation technique causes mercury (Hg) pollution to the soil. This study was a preliminary study that aimed to isolate Hg-resistant endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms from pioneer grasses in the Hg-polluted soil. The most potential microorganism will be used for Hg phytoremediation in the future study. Pioneer grasses were collected from the abandoned gold mining area in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Total microorganisms were counted using Colony Forming Unit (CFU) or Standard Plate Count. The microorganism colony was characterized based on morphological characteristics. Hg-resistant endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms were successfully isolated from pioneer grass (Cynodon dactylon and Eleusine indica) in the study site. The colonies of rhizosphere microorganisms were diverse morphologically compared to endophytic microorganisms based on the number of isolated microorganisms, 20 isolates and 17 isolates, respectively. The density of rhizosphere microorganisms was higher (96%) than endophytic microorganisms (4%). The density of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi were 47x103 and 2x103 CFU g-1, respectively. However, the density of endophytic bacteria and fungi were only 2x103 and 1x103 CFU g-1, respectively.

Keywords: endophytic microorganism, Hg-resistant, microorganism density, rhizosphere microorganism
Produksi dan Kualitas Umbi serta Ketahanan terhadap Hama pada Bawang Merah
Authors: Fidiansyah Arief , Sudirman Yahya  , Suwarto
Published: April 2021

Penggunaan pupuk anorganik yang tinggi dalam jangka panjang pada pemupukan bawang merah disertai tingginya biaya pemupukan anorganik dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan pupuk kotoran kambing dengan dosis pupuk anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi, dan kualitas bawang merah, serta ketahanan terhadap hama. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada musim kemarau di bulan September hingga Desember 2019 di Desa Sukorejo, Nganjuk dengan kondisi suhu 23-33 oC dan ketinggian 60 sampai 140 mdpl. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak tersarang (nested design), empat ulangan dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu pupuk kandang yang terdiri atas dua taraf, dan faktor kedua yaitu pupuk anorganik yang terdiri atas lima taraf. Pupuk anorganik yang digunakan yaitu urea, KCl, dan NPK. Dosis acuan pupuk anorganik menggunakan dosis petani setempat. Pupuk kandang tidak berhasil mengurangi dosis pupuk anorganik pada pertumbuhan bawang merah. Pemberian pupuk kandang secara nyata menurunkan tinggi tanaman 36.88 cm lebih rendah dari tanpa pupuk kandang 39.03 cm tetapi meningkatkan jumlah daun, jumlah anakan dan bobot umbi per rumpun. Penambahan pupuk organik kotoran kambing menyebabkan persentase kerusakan bawang merah 1.40% pada umbi 6 minggu setelah simpan (MSS) tetapi masih di bawah 5% sesuai syarat mutu SNI 01-3159-1992 bawang merah.

Kata kunci: bobot umbi, kotoran kambing, pupuk kandang, Super Philip
GENERAL PATTERNS AND PARTICULARITIES OF THE INTEGRATION IN THE EU AND THE EAEU. ASSESSMENTS OF RUSSIAN RESEARCHER RUSTAM KASYANOV
Authors: Mescheryakova OLGA M.
Published: April 2021

The article gives a detailed assessment of the contents of the monograph "Regulation of the financial services market under the EU and EAEU law" written by Rustam Kasyanov. The work is devoted to the analysis and comparison of the key features of financial integration in the EU and the EAEU, including creation of a single market for the EU financial services and a common financial market of the EAEU. The issue under study is of particular relevance, since both unions intend to reach the same level of financial integration. It is also planned to create a supranational body for regulation of the common financial market of the EAEU according tothe EU example. Kasyanov's monograph was highly appreciated in academic circles as long as it describes a set of legal mechanisms for creation and functioning of a single market for the EU financial services that can be used to provide legal support for financial integration in the EAEU.
Review of the Techniques to Measure the Hermeticity of Glass Frit Encapsulated Solar Cells
Authors: Martins Jorge , Ivanou Dzmitry , Mendes Adélio
Published: April 2021

Emerging 3rd generation photovoltaic technologies such as perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells are very attractive for commercialization mainly due to their low-cost materials and fabrication processes. The main drawback of these devices is their poor long-term stability. To increase the long-term stability of these devices, a hermetic encapsulation is required. The hermeticity of encapsulated devices are measured and characterized using hermeticity tests according to standard test procedures. A review of the several techniques to measure the hermeticity is presented, addressing the test methods, limitations and applicability to perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells glass frit encapsulated devices.
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2: Impact on healthcare workers in the pandemic’s initial months: Rapid review
Authors: Malone Rachel
Published: April 2021

On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organisation declared the SARS-CoV-2 viral outbreak a pandemic. This rapid review aimed to identify the pandemic's impact on frontline healthcare workers during the viral outbreak's initial months. Database searches December 1, 2019 to August 29, 2020 retrieved 18 relevant studies. Findings showed that healthcare workers internationally were negatively impacted by the pandemic. Compared to non-frontline healthcare workers a significantly greater proportion of frontline healthcare workers experienced: burnout, stress, and stressors regarding: childcare, job interference with work-family balance and difficulty getting off-duty time. Compared to male physicians, a significantly greater proportion of female physicians scored low for psychological well-being. Mean scores for stress were significantly higher among females and young healthcare workers (22 to 35 years).  Mean scores for anxiety were significantly higher for: nurses compared to technicians, healthcare workers reporting extreme lack of protective equipment and those aged > 30 years. The prevalence of depression among frontline healthcare workers across studies in this review ranged from 9% to 51%. The prevalence of sleep issues ranged from 24% to 60% with some reporting nightmares. However, these studies lack homogeneity. Healthcare workers experienced fear of: contracting the virus (89.8%), spreading it to family (91.3%) and fear of an uncontrollable epidemic (86.8%). Over 90% reported skin lesions due to prolonged use of personal protective equipment. Many lost their lives to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. One prominent impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the reported loss of healthcare worker's lives and this paper wishes to pay them tribute.
Investigation of health and safety measures in construction sites in Lebanon and Northern Cyprus
Authors: Nowfal Amin , Cubukcuoglu Beste
Published: April 2021

Lebanon and Northern Cyprus are two developing regions where both have been witnessing an increase in population size and medium-rise buildings. Therefore, workers and construction sites increase, which makes workers more vulnerable to various fatal/non-fatal accidents. The effective and efficient management of health and safety is crucial for all projects undertaken under significant risk levels. This study investigates the Occupational Health and Safety regulations and how both countries deal with them to achieve maximum knowledge regarding construction health and safety. The data collected based on personal observations by site visits and conducting brief face-to-face informal interviews.  Both oral interviews and observations are informal data collection methods but are suitable for certain kinds of data collection methods or techniques. The most common type of accident is falling from heights, electrical shocks that occur in construction sites of both countries. The findings of this research work proved that accidents could be prevented and even eliminated if all the required safety precautions are implemented. The root causes of the accidents need to be identified, and effective prevention measures should be taken to minimize the frequency and intensity of the accidents. This will surely improve the safety performance of the personnel on construction sites.
A Responsabilidade Social Universitária Vista Pelos/As Estudantes
Authors: Coelho Márcia , Menezes Isabel
Published: April 2021

preocupação das instituições de ensino superior com o que está para além do seu papel clássico de ensino e investigação tem raízes cimentadas no passado e uma longa tradição. Mas a ênfase na sua dimensão social e articulação comunitária tem surgido como uma preocupação central e a forma como é traduzida alvo de atenção marcada. Aos projetos de responsabilidade social universitária (RSU) é vaticinado grande potencial para serem espaços que promovam a cidadania ativa e a aquisição de competências transversais dos/as estudantes. A escassez de estudos sobre as conceções e o envolvimento de estudantes sobre e na RSU figura‑se como o ponto de partida desta investigação, que pretende explorar as conceções e experiências de estudantes em três universidades parceiras do projeto Erasmus+ ESSA: Universidade de Edimburgo, Universidade Tecnológica de Kaunas e Universidade do Porto. Partindo do conhecimento acumulado proveniente do estudo qualitativo que o precedeu, este estudo quantitativo visou aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as conceções de estudantes sobre a RSU e a forma como avaliam o envolvimento da sua universidade nesta área. Da análise emergem três conceções relevantes da RSU – direitos, transparência e impactos, e dimensão académica – e uma avaliação crítica das políticas e práticas da universidade nesta área.
ethical poetry of academic writing
Authors: Bazerman Charles
Published: April 2021

Este texto baseia‑se na conferência intitulada “Facing academic writing and finding the poetry in it” e apresentada no seminário “Os desafios éticos da escrita”  organizado pela Vice‑Reitoria da Formação e Organização Académica e pelo Conselho Geral da Universidade do Porto que decorreu no dia 25 de maio de 2016.
Souta, Luís (2019). Pedagogia S. Lisboa: Edições ex-Libris
Authors: Vieira Ricardo
Published: April 2021

Recensão à obra de Souta, Luís (2019). Pedagogia S. Lisboa: Edições ex-Libris.
RENCANA STRATEGIS PENENTUAN ALTERNATIF RUMAH SAKIT RUJUKAN COVID-19 (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Bogor)
Authors: Ristiantri Yusniar Rah Ayu , Syetiawan Agung , Tambunan Mangapul Parlindungan , Tambunan Rudy
Published: April 2021

Beberapa wilayah di Kab. Bogor merupakan daerah penyangga Ibukota negara, dengan kepadatan penduduk tinggi dan merupakan pusat perekonomian. Akibatnya, wilayah tersebut terancam mempunyai kerentanan yang tinggi terhadap penyebaran COVID-19. Peningkatan pasien terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 di Kab. Bogor semakin masif dari hari ke hari. Peningkatan kasus yang signifikan ini sangat mengkhawatirkan, terutama terhadap kemampuan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Kemampuan fasilitas pelayan kesehatan, terutama rumah sakit rujukan untuk menjangkau wilayah-wilayah rentan kasus positif dapat dengan mudah dilihat menggunakan analisis spasial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan lokasi strategis fasilitas kesehatan di Kab. Bogor sebagai Rumah Sakit rujukan COVID-19 dengan menggunakan metode analisis jaringan. Rencana strategis rumah sakit rujukan ditentukan berdasarkan wilayah-wilayah yang tidak bisa dijangkau oleh rumah sakit yang ada. Selanjutnya, penentuan indeks kesiapan rumah sakit rujukan menggunakan analisis multi kriteria Simple Additive Weighting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat satu rumah sakit existing dengan indeks kesiapan tinggi, kemudian 4 rumah sakit dengan indeks kesiapan sedang. Lebih lanjut, terdapat 13 alternatif rumah sakit rujukan menunjukkan kesiapan rendah. Sebaran rumah sakit di Kab. Bogor pun tidak banyak, dan hanya memusat di bagian tengah wilayah Kab. Bogor. Oleh karena itu, seluruh rumah sakit alternatif sangat strategis menjadi rumah sakit rujukan COVID-19. Jumlah rumah sakit rujukan COVID-19 di Kab. Bogor masih kurang menjangkau seluruh wilayah, sehingga pemerintah daerah selayaknya berupaya untuk melakukan penambahan jumlah rumah sakit atau penambahan kapasitas layanan kesehatan.
Leachate Treatment Considerations in Cold Climates
Authors: Partanen Sarah
Published: April 2021

When water percolates through the solid waste in a landfill a leachate is generated that may contain dissolved organic material and heavy metals. Leachate can be treated in a variety of ways before being discharged, but parameters such as temperature can have an effect on the way leachate treatment is approached. In climates where the ambient temperature decreases during the winter months the leachate treatment process must be adapted to ensure the effluent being discharged meets all regulatory standards. This may include adding additional insulating elements to current technologies, or changing the technology used all together. This presentation will address the current issues associated with leachate treatment in cold climates including the effect of temperature on nitrification and denitrification. It will also examine the existing treatment technologies that are applicable for leachate treatment in cold climates and discuss their effectiveness based on the quality of the effluent being discharged.
White People Ain’t Left Us Nothin’ But the Underworld: Historicity, Race and the American Dream in Ridley Scott’s American Gangster
Authors: Sampson Laura
Published: April 2021

Released in 2007, Ridley Scott’s American Gangster tracks the career of Frank Lucas (Denzel Washington), who dominated the Harlem drug trade in the 1960s and 70s through his monopoly over heroin, which he imported directly from Vietnam and Thailand. The film follows the character of Detective Richie Roberts (Russell Crowe), who led the police task force ultimately responsible for toppling Lucas’ regime. This paper investigates the historical validity of the film, taking into consideration the consultant role Roberts and Lucas adopted during production alongside the political implications of Scott’s decision to cinematize (and so implicitly condone) the life of a convicted drug lord and accused murderer. It examines both filmic elements of music, casting and cinematography as well sociological concerns of race, space, masculinity and class in order to determine whether the film realistically portrays the lived experience of gang members and Harlem residents alike. Moreover, it considers the film’s political backdrop and its engagement with events like the Vietnam War, the Civil Rights Movement and the 1970s recession. Ultimately, the paper concludes that despite Scott’s efforts to undermine traditional iconography by portraying Lucas as a complex, rational and respected outlaw-businessman, the narrative’s lack of critical engagement with the socio-economic context of its era ultimately render it presentist in style, content and intention.
8. Why is it so Challenging for Adults to Acquire a Second Language?: An Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Mergianian Cristiana
Published: April 2021

Many aspects of human behaviour and human phenomena can be analyzed using Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. Darwin’s theory states that the traits present in human ancestors that left behind the most descendants are the very traits that are passed on to future generations. The trait that will be examined in this poster is second language acquisition. It will explore the reasons why it so difficult for adults to learn and master a second language. Our earliest ancestors had no linguistic ability; therefore, we developed the anatomical features that allowed for spoken language. These changes allowed for rapid language acquisition in young children up until adolescence, but did not support such language acquisition in adults. Our evolutionary past as nomads and hunter-gatherers ultimately explains this phenomenon. The nomadic society of humans was small in size, which led to a lack of inter-cultural contact. There was thus no incentive to learn to communicate with individuals whose language differed from one’s own. In addition, the short life expectancy of our ancestors left little time to become fluent in another language. Finally, in situations of inter-cultural contact, the most violent group prevailed. It is important to understand that the challenges of adult language acquisition have an evolutionary basis because it will allow us to design effective language acquisition techniques.
10. Women and Poverty: The Feminization of Urban Poverty in Canada
Authors: Ritenburg Laura G.
Published: April 2021

Poverty is disproportionately experienced among men and women. Gender plays a significant role when examining the effects and problems that poverty poses. While poverty can be experienced in differing extremes, it is women who suffer higher poverty rates in almost all societies (Christopher et al.). It is people with disabilities, recent immigrants, and racialized men and women who face additional disadvantages and “all of these groups have extremely high rates of low income and, in all of them, women are the most vulnerable” (Townson). In this paper I discuss how the ‘feminization of poverty’ has created a situation where the number of women in poverty far outnumbers that of men, and how the discourse of feminized poverty is directly affected by the processes and structures of social exclusion. I argue that gender significantly influences the experience and response to urban poverty in Canada through unequal caregiving responsibilities, the dynamics that surround pay inequality, and inadequate government programs.
13. Debunking the Ultimatum Game
Authors: Xu Hank
Published: April 2021

This research examines the “ultimatum game” studied in Experimental Economics. The game goes as follows: a proposer has to split $20 between himself and a responder. After the money is divided, the responder then either accepts or rejects the offer. Accept would results in the money being split according to the proposer’s offer while reject results in $0 for both players. According to mainstream economics’ assumption of self-interest maximization, the responder would accept any amount of money offered by the proposer because anything is better than $0. Meanwhile, the proposer, knowing this, would offer the responder the lowest possible amount. However, results from the experiment shows that most responders rejected low offers and most proposers offer much more than the lowest possible amount. By studying several versions of the ultimatum game and conducting primary research, 5 different variables other than the ratio to which the total sum of money is divided were identified to affect outcome. These are: anonymousness, fear of rejection, perception of the roles, ownership of the money, and total sum of money. Then based on the observations, a graphical model was created that described how the 5 factors affect the game outcome. The implications of this research is that decision making models in economics has to be made more valid by accounting for more qualitative factors such as the ones in this experiment. Only when those factors are accounted for as part of the calculation of utility/satisfaction could the assumption of maximizing self-interest be made.
14. By Students, For Students: Adapting Inquiry-Based Learning for Undergraduate Human Anatomy Education in a Large Class Setting
Authors: Yeung Ralph T. T. , Law Wyanne , Anstey Lauren
Published: April 2021

Inquiry-based learning (IBL) is a well-documented educational paradigm that has been adopted for the teaching of various subjects. In the interest of finding novel methods of teaching a traditionally lecture-based subject, IBL was adopted into an undergraduate human anatomy course in 2009 as a project called Inquiry 216. This project allows students to engage in a group-oriented and open-ended research project culminating in a free-format presentation. Since its inception, Inquiry 216 has undergone multiple revisions in methodology, with particular attention paid to formalizing the role of student facilitation, encouraging graduates of Inquiry 216 to become facilitators, and the evaluation and subsequent improvement of IBL in the context of Inquiry 216. A chronological account of conception, issue identification, objective and subjective evaluation and improvement of Inquiry 216 to its present model is illustrated, along with a specific emphasis on the benefits of student-based facilitation. We suggest that successful development, evaluation and improvement of IBL as a parallel to didactic education can further enhance students’ potential and enthusiasm for learning across various subjects.
Narracje (auto)promocyjne w wideoklipach rockowych (na przykładzie twórczości Johna Ozzy’ego Osbourne’a)
Authors: Kosek Jakub
Published: April 2021

W artykule zwrócono uwagę na wykorzystanie wideoklipu w twórczości angielskiego prekursora muzyki heavymetalowej Johna Ozzy’ego Osbourne’a. Autor zaprezentował kluczowe typologie dotyczące badanego zjawiska, a także podjął rozważania nad działalnością brytyjskiego twórcy w perspektywie procesu autokreacji wizerunku, działań mitologizacyjnych oraz w kontekście tworzenia rockowych struktur doświadczania i odczuwania.
Świat hybryd, sztuka hybrydyzacji, hybrydyczny ja
Authors: Kita Barbara
Published: April 2021

DOI 10.24917/20837275.9.4.14Recenzja książki Piotra Zawojskiego, Technokultura i jej manifestacje artystyczne. Medialny świat hybryd i hybrydyzacji. Katowice 2017, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, ss. 327.
Okna pamięci – filmowy krajobraz nostalgiczny
Authors: Kostyra Karolina
Published: April 2021

DOI 10.24917/20837275.9.4.5W artykule przedstawiam trzy strategie, za pomocą których konstruowany jest krajobraz filmu nostalgicznego. Za jego cechę konstytutywną uznaję obecność zabiegu zapośredniczenia między tym, co obecne, a tym, co utracone. Wyprowadzając z literatury przedmiotu poświęconej nostalgii odmienne teoretyzacje tego zjawiska, zauważam, że w filmie nostalgiczna estetyzacja realizuje się nader często za pośrednictwem funkcji okna. W oparciu o wybrane przykłady filmu nostalgicznego, wyróżniam trzy sposoby, w jakich funkcja ta się przejawia. Nazywam je metaforycznie oknem–gablotą muzealną, oknem–zakurzoną szybę i oknem–portalem.Memory windows – a nostalgia film landscapeIn my article I present three strategies, in which landscape of nostalgia film is constructed. The main characteristic of this kind of landscape is mechanism of mediation between subject and object of loss. Starting from theories of nostalgia, I notice that aesthetics of nostalgia film is often produced by window figure. By referring to chosen examples of nostalgia film, I distinguish three main strategies, in which window figure is used as mediator between the present and the past. I metaphorically call them window–museum case, dusty windowpane and window–portal.
NOVO network: A Research and Development Platform with the Vision of a Nordic Model for Sustainable Systems in Health Care
Authors: Winkel Jörgen , Edwards Kasper , Westgaard Rolf H
Published: April 2021

Musculoskeletal and psychological/mental disorders are major causes of sick leave, threatening the welfare of individuals and the economics of companies and societies. The prevailing research and development (R&D) of ergonomic interventions show minimal long-term effects on health and wellbeing while interventions to improve production seem to have a dominant negative effect, particularly in the health-care sector. Scientific evidence suggests that improved partnership is needed between stakeholders with different and often opposing aims, i.e., organizational productivity vs. worker wellbeing. In 2006 a Nordic R&D network, the NOVO Network, was established highlighting the need for a new approach, integrating work environment and production needs in intervention R&D. Our hypothesis is that such an integration is more readily established in the Nordic countries, largely due to their leading positions in the world in terms of social capital. Through annual symposia and other activities, the NOVO Network brings together scholars and practitioners to share knowledge and experience and to suggest and develop new areas of collaboration towards increased organizational sustainability in health care. A multicenter study conducted within the framework of the NOVO network resulted in a new, practical tool. This tool aims to facilitate partnership instead of the prevalent domination orientation, thereby combining consideration of work environment and production needs. Based on our experiences so far, this article highlights some key future challenges. As a result, we hope to see development of a stronger Nordic R&D tradition towards increased organizational sustainability in health care.
Caring Economics, Cooperation, and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hedenigg Silvia
Published: April 2021

For centuries, Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations shaped profit maximization as the standard of economic action. The concept of caring economics published by the feminist law and systems scientist Riane Eisler under the title The Real Wealth of Nations: Creating a Caring Economics (2007) contrasts this neoliberal, dominance-oriented model of society with the idea of partnership-oriented societies. The concept of caring economics was widely influenced by the social, economic, and welfare systems of the Nordic countries. In 2015-2016, the author of this article conducted a pilot study interviewing scientists from different disciplines with the aim of investigating whether the conditions in these countries reflect Eisler’s theoretical model (Hedenigg, 2019). While Eisler emphasized empathy and care as essential orientations of partnership societies, several of the interviewed scholars, in contrast, stressed cooperation, trust, solidarity, and functioning institutions as essential elements in addition to Eisler’s concept. This article hypothesizes that Eisler’s conception of caring economics should be supplemented by the elements mentioned above, in particular, cooperation. The aim is to identify, in a theory-guided manner, the elements that constitute the central operative mechanisms of the extended conception of caring economics. Resulting conclusions are discussed in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Norway and Finland are among the 10 most successful nations in epidemic containment. This article assumes that the extended conceptualization of caring economics does not only allow us to gain insight into the complexity of the pandemic, but also to identify various successful containment mechanisms. In particular, cooperation appears to play a major role in this context. From an evolutionary point of view, multilevel selection can be regarded as an essential tool to cope with global problems and threats like the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, trust and solidarity as well as gender aspects in the context of political leadership and welfare regimes have been identified as successful pandemic containment mechanisms. In summary, the Covid-19 pandemic lends strong plausibility to the extended conception of caring economics.
Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteremia outbreaks among non-cystic fibrosis patients in the pediatric unit of a university hospital
Authors: Tüfekci Sinan , Şafak Birol , Nalbantoğlu Burçin , Samancı Nedim , Kiraz Nuri
Published: April 2021

Background. Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) comprises multi-drug resistant, Gram-negative, motile, and aerobic bacteria. Bcc causes severe nosocomial infections particularly in patients with intravascular catheters and in those with cystic fibrosis. We studied a Bcc outbreak in non-cystic fibrosis patients.
Methods. We analyzed data from six patients hospitalized at our center. Blood cultures identified as infectious were incubated onto 5% blood sheep agar, chocolate agar, and eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar. We examined possible sites that could be sources of infection at the clinic. We confirmed isolations with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) tests.
Results. The first patient was hospitalized due to left renal agenesis, urinary tract infection, and renal failure. Bcc was isolated in blood cultures obtained due to high fever on the third day of hospitalization. We stopped new patient hospitalizations after detecting Bcc in blood cultures of other five patients. We did not detect further positive specimens obtained from other clinic and the patient rooms. PFGE patterns were similar in all clinical isolates of Bcc indicating that the outbreak had originated from the source.
Conclusions. Bcc infection should be considered in cases of nosocomial outbreaks of multi-drug resistant organisms that require hospitalization at intensive care units. Control measures should be taken for prevention of nosocomial infections and required investigations should be done to detect the source of infection.
How effective is family counselling on screen exposure of pre-school children?
Authors: Bahadur Evin İlter , Akkuş Pınar Zengin , Yoldaş Tuba Çelen , Özmert Elif Nursel
Published: April 2021

Background. Excessive screen viewing and background TV exposure are common problems all over the world. Therefore, intervention studies have gained importance. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of family-based, developmental pediatrics clinic setting counseling in reducing screen time in typically developing children and to compare them with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Methods. Children (aged 24-62 months) who were exposed to screen viewing for at least 2 hours/day were included. Parents were given three counseling sessions to reduce excessive screen time. Parents reported daily screen time, co-viewing, background TV exposure, the duration of reading books and playing with their child.
Results. The study included 105 children (median age: 34 months IQR:28-41). Before counseling, the screen viewing time and the percentage of co-viewing among typically developing children (n=22) and children with a neurodevelopmental disorder (n=83) were similar. There was a statistically significant decrease in screen time in both groups after the intervention. A higher impact was shown in the neurodevelopmental disorder group. The increase in percentages of co-viewing, as well as the increase in the time spent playing with their children, were statistically significant in the neurodevelopmental disorder group.
Conclusions. The study demonstrated that three pediatric office-setting counseling sessions including media use recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics are effective to decrease screen time for children who are either typically developing or with a neurodevelopmental disorder.
Evaluation of ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter and central retinal artery Doppler indices by point-of-care ultrasound in pediatric patients with increased intracranial pressure
Authors: Aslan Nagehan , Yıldızdaş Dinçer , Horoz Özden Özgür , Özsoy Mazhar , Yöntem Ahmet , Çetinalp Eralp , Mert Gülen Gül
Published: April 2021

Background. Measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) with point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a non-invasive and radiation-free technique that can be used to assess increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery Doppler indices can be used like transcranial Doppler to evaluate increased ICP. This study aims to examine the diagnostic value of ONSD measurements and central retinal artery Doppler indices in the evaluation of pediatric patients with increased ICP.
Methods. This was a prospective, case-controlled single center study. The study group was comprised of a total of 38 pediatric patients with increased ICP and the control group included 19 healthy children. Ophthalmic ultrasound was performed and ONSD and central retinal artery Doppler indices were measured.
Results. The mean age of the study group was 80.84 ± 65.12 months. The mean ONSD was 5.9 ± 0.8 (3.6-8.1) mm in the study group and the mean resistive index (RI) was 0.71 ± 0.08 (min:0,55-max:1) and was significantly greater than the control group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). In terms of predicting increased ICP, the ONSD measurement was the strongest parameter, with its area under the curve: 0.767 (95 percent confidence interval: 0.68-0.85). In the study group, the cut-off value for ONSD was 5.8 mm (66 percent sensitivity, 100 percent specificity) and the cut-off value for RI was 0.68 (63 percent sensitivity, 83 percent specificity).
Conclusions. Point-of-care ultrasound is a noninvasive and important tool in pediatric intensive care units. Our study is significant as one of the few pediatric studies where central retinal artery Doppler indices are evaluated in addition to OSND, in patients with increased ICP.
Infantile systemic lupus erythematous presenting as nephrotic syndrome in a 12-month-old boy: a case report
Authors: Akar Ece Mekik , Özçakar Zeynep Birsin , Çakar Nilgün , Kiremitçi Saba , Kurt-Şükür Eda Didem , Fitöz Suat , Yalçınkaya Fatoş
Published: April 2021

Background. Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is extremely rare in infants and has been reported to be a much more severe disease with higher prevalence of critical organ involvement. Herein we present the clinical and laboratory features of infantile SLE (iSLE) with an onset of nephrotic syndrome (NS) during the first year of life.
Case. A 12-month-old boy was suffering from generalized edema for two months. He had thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia with positive direct and indirect Coombs tests and proteinuria of nephrotic-range. Other laboratory studies revealed slightly decreased C3, low C1q and normal ANA and C4 levels; anti-phospholipid and anti-cardiolipin antibodies were also found to be negative. Renal biopsy revealed Class IV lupus nephritis. The patient also suffered from massive pulmonary thromboembolism. Complete remission was achieved with steroid, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil and anticoagulant therapy.
Conclusion. iSLE should be kept in mind especially in infantile NS with multisystem involvement. Renal biopsy is mandatory for early diagnosis. Although the disease was reported to have poor prognosis, complete remission could be achieved with intensive immunosuppressive therapy.