bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRONOMS PERSONNELS COMPLÉMENTS DISJOINTS ET PRONOMS ADVERBIAUX EN ET Y : FONCTIONNEMENT SÉMANTIQUE ET MODE DE DONATION DU RÉFÉRENT
Authors: BEN ARBIA Achraf
Published: March 2017

RÉSUMÉ. Notre objectif consistera à étudier, d’un point de vue contrastif, le fonctionnement référentiel des pronoms adverbiaux en et y et des pronoms personnels compléments disjoints en français classique et en français moderne. Cette étude opposera le mode de donation référentielle des pronoms adverbiaux et des pronoms personnels disjoints. Autrement dit, nous mettrons l’accent sur les propriétés inhérentes à l’emploi de ces pronoms dans leur acception anaphorique. Ces propriétés sont en rapport direct avec leur fonctionnement sémantique au sein des textes de la période classique par rapport à leur fonctionnement en français moderne. Nous passerons en revue la nature sémantique de l’antécédent de ces pronoms anaphoriques tout en faisant ressortir les confusions en termes de traits sémantiques [Humain] vs [Non-humain] ou [animé] vs [inanimé]. Nous essaierons également de démontrer que ces confusions dans l’emploi des pronoms adverbiaux et des pronoms personnels constituent une source d’ambiguïté référentielle au sein des textes classiques et entravent la résolution de certains rapports anaphoriques en termes de rattachement du pronom à l’antécédent approprié.Mots-clés : ambiguïté référentielle, cohérence textuelle, confusion sémantique, pronoms, adverbiaux, pronoms personnels disjoints, trait sémantique. ABSTRACT. This paper aims to study, from a contrastive point of view, the repository operation pronouns and adverbial in there and disjointed personal pronouns in classic French and modern French. This study will oppose the mode of donation referential pronouns and adverbial personal pronouns disjoint. In other words, we will focus on the properties inherent in the use of these pronouns in their anaphoric sense. These properties are directly related to their semantic operation in the texts of the classical period in relation to their functioning in modern French. We will review the semantic nature of the antecedent of the pronoun anaphoric while highlighting the confusion in terms of semantic features [Human] vs [Not Human] or [animate] vs [inanimate]. We will also try to show that these confusions in the use of adverbial pronouns and personal pronouns are a source of referential ambiguity in classical texts and impede the resolution of certain anaphoric relations in terms of attachment of the appropriate pronoun antecedent.Keywords: adverbial pronouns, disjunctive personal pronouns, semantic feature, semantic confusion, referential ambiguity, textual coherence.
LES INCIDENCES DE L’INTÉGRATION EUROPÉENNE DE LA SLOVAQUIE SUR LES PROGRAMMES SCOLAIRES SLOVAQUES D’ENSEIGNEMENT DES LANGUES ÉTRANGÈRES
Authors: SCHMITT François
Published: March 2017

RÉSUMÉ. L’influence du contexte national et de la politique linguistique educative de l’Etat sur l’enseignement des langues etrangeres est particulierement marquee. En Europe, les politiques linguistiques educatives ont aujourd’hui tendance a se conformer aux orientations du Conseil de l’Europe et de l’Union europeenne qui ont mis en place des politiques linguistiques educatives en phase avec les evolutions recentes de la mondialisation. Cette incidence des politiques linguistiques educatives europeennes est particulierement visible dans les modifications apportees au programme d’enseignement public des langues etrangeres slovaque de 2007 par rapport a celui de 1997. Mots-clés : conseil de l’Europe, enseignement des langues etrangeres, politique linguistique educative, Union europeenne.  ABSTRACT. Domestic political situation and domestic linguistic educational policy widely influence foreign languages teaching. Nowadays linguistic educational policies in Europe tend to comply with the Council of Europe and the European Union political guidelines. These institutions have set up linguistic educational policies in line with recent evolutions of globalisation. The modifications made to the Slovak curriculum of foreign languages between 1997 and 2007 clearly show how deep can be the influence of the European linguistic educational policy on domestic linguistic educational policies Keywords: council of Europe, European Union, foreign languages teaching, linguistic educational policy.
STRATÉGIES DE LA COMPRÉHENSION ÉCRITE DES APPRENANTS DÉBUTANTS
Authors: MEHRABI Marzieh , REZVANTALAB Zeinab , EIVAZI ABHARI Zohreh
Published: March 2017

RÉSUMÉ. L’objectif de la présente étude consiste à étudier les stratégies de la compréhension écrite chez les apprenants iraniens au niveau A1 et A2 et à accéder ainsi à une partie de leur processus mental. Une étude de terrain basée sur entretien semidirectif a été menée dans quatre instituts français à Téhéran. Les résultats montrent que la syntaxe et le lexique sont considérés de la part des apprenants comme des éléments facilitateurs, mais aussi comme une entrave lors de la compréhension écrite. D’après l’analyse des entretiens, les stratégies de « devinement ou d’inférence », et de « ressourcement », ainsi que les stratégies « affectives » notamment la technique de « l’esquive des difficultés » sont les plus fréquentes chez les interviewés. Mots-clés : apprenants débutants, compréhension écrite, FLE, stratégies d’apprentissage.  ABSTRACT. The goal of this study is to explore the strategies of reading comprehension among Iranian learners at A1 and A2 levels and thereby access a part of their mental process. A field study based on semi-structured interview was carried out in four French institutes in Tehran. Our results demonstrate that the syntax and lexicon act as a double-edged sword. Although they facilitate learning process, but also are considered as obstacles in the reading comprehension. Regarding to interview analysis, our participants resorted to guessing / inductive inference, resourcing and affective strategies including the technique of "dodging difficulties". Keywords: beginning level learners, Reading comprehension, FFL (French as a ForeignLanguage), Learning strategies.
LE FLE ET LE SYSTÈME SCOLAIRE: QUEL(S) STATUT(S) EN DIDACTIQUE DES LANGUES AU MAROC?
Authors: TARNAOUI Moulay Mohamed
Published: March 2017

RÉSUMÉ. La langue française au Maroc appelle aujourd'hui plusieurs interrogations qui portent sur le statut, la priorité et les problèmes dans le système scolaire marocain. Le Français est officiellement présent au Maroc depuis le début du protectorat français en 1912, son statut a évolué au fil du temps : de langue officielle sous le protectorat, elle est devenue la première langue étrangère obligatoire dans le système scolaire. . Il est indéniable que les appellations relatives aux fonctions de cette langue divergent et témoignent de la complexité de la situation linguistique dans un pays où la veine plurilingue est un atout et non pas un handicap. Pourtant, il existe une assez grande imprécision au niveau des discours sur cette langue fréquemment saisie comme « langue privilégiée », mais qui cherche à accéder à un statut de reconnaissance et dont les emplois semblent très hétérogènes. Mots-clés: français langue étrangère, français langue seconde, statut, système scolaire marocain.  ABSTRACT. The French Language in Morocco calls for many questions which revolve around its status, the priority and the problems in the Moroccan school system. French has been officially present in Morocco since the beginning of the French Protectorate back in 1912. Its status has evolved through the time: from an official language under the protectorate, it has become the first compulsory foreign language in the school system. It’s undeniable that the calls relative to the functions of this language divert and witness of the complexity of the linguistic situation in a country where the multilingual veins an asset rather than a defection. Nonetheless, there is quite a big imprecision in the level of discourse on this language frequently referred to as « privileged » language but which seeks to access to a status of acknowledgment and the uses of which seem very heterogeneous. Keywords: French foreign language, French second language, Moroccan educational system, status.
A representação do homossexual no discurso humorístico: uma análise do Canal “Porta dos Fundos”
Authors: Ferreira Nilton César , Soares Alexandre Sebastião Ferrari
Published: March 2017

Resumo: O presente artigo objetiva analisar os efeitos de sentidos do discurso humorístico acerca da homossexualidade masculina e da chamada “proposta de cura gay” apresentada por um segmento conservador do cristianismo brasileiro. A metodologia adotada foi a Análise do Discurso de orientação francesa. O trabalho está organizado da seguinte maneira: primeiro, examinamos a relação entre o discurso, o humor e as piadas; em seguida, apresentamos uma breve contextualização sobre a homossexualidade enquanto categoria; e, por fim, analisamos um corpus de um esquete publicado pelo canal “Porta dos Fundos”, cujo título é “Cura”. É possível depreender da análise que os temas acerca do humor constituem-se em veículos de produção e reprodução de ideologias e que o discurso em estudo apresenta um contraponto em relação aos dizeres que mobilizam as práticas não heterossexuais como contingente e moralmente condenáveis. Observamos, inclusive, que as falas enunciadas pelas personagens na produção humorística contrapõem os discursos religioso, médico e patriarcal, permitindo uma reflexão a respeito das cristalizações sobre o que é ser gay.Palavras-chave: Análise do Discurso; Humor; Ideologia; Homossexualidade masculina; Cura gay.Abstract: This paper analyses, through the French Discourse Analysis point of view, the meaning effects of humorous speech on male sexuality and the Conversion Therapy disseminated by a conservative wing of Brazilian Christianity. The work is organized as follows: first, the relationship between speech, humour and jokes; then a brief background of homosexuality as a category is presented; and finally, the corpus of a Brazilian YouTube channel “Porta dos Fundos” sketch – “The Cure” – is analyzed. It is possible to conclude that the linguistic themes from comic speech are means of production and reproduction of an ideology and that the investigated discourse is a contrasting element about the sayings of non-heterosexual contingent and morally reprehensible practices. It has been noticed that the lines spoken by the characters in the comical production disagree with the religious, medical and patriarchal discourses, allowing a reflection on the crystallization of what means to be gay.Keywords: Discourse Analysis; Humour; Ideology; Male homosexuality; Conversion Therapy.
Grupo focal e prática de pesquisa em AD: metodologia em perspectiva dialógica
Authors: Arantes Poliana Coeli Costa , Deusdará Bruno
Published: March 2017

Resumo: Este texto propõe uma discussão a respeito dos impasses metodológicos com os quais um analista do discurso se confronta ao optar pelo acesso aos “dados” por meio de pesquisa de campo. Serão apresentadas reflexões sobre a produção e análise de “dados” em contextos de interação e, finalmente, exemplificações do percurso metodológico em pesquisa que investiga o universo da prática de leitura por meio da realização de grupos focais.Palavras-chave: pesquisa de campo; grupo focal; Análise do Discurso.Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce a discussion about the methodological impasses that a discourse analyst confronts accessing the “data” through the methodology of field research. We will show reflections on the production and analysis of “data” in interaction contexts and exemplifications of the methodological course in a research that investigates the reading practices using the method of focus groups.Keywords: field research; focus group; discourse analysis.
Um estudo das emoções em crônicas jornalísticas
Authors: Gouvêa Lúcia Helena Martins
Published: March 2017

Resumo: O presente artigo constitui-se em um estudo sobre o conceito de pathos aplicado a crônicas jornalísticas de autoria de Luiz Garcia e publicadas pelo jornal O Globo, do Rio de Janeiro. O pathos, segundo Aristóteles, é um meio de prova derivado da emoção despertada pelo orador nos ouvintes. Patrick Charaudeau, linguista em cuja teoria este trabalho se fundamenta, trata o fenômeno como uma categoria de efeito. Este artigo, portanto, considera o pathos como o efeito produzido pelo locutor no auditório. Como, para o linguista, o interesse da disciplina Análise do Discurso, com relação a esse conceito, está em estudar o processo discursivo por meio do qual as emoções se desencadeiam, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as estratégias linguístico-discursivas usadas pelo cronista a fim de atuar sobre o auditório, provocando-lhe determinadas emoções com potencial para persuadi-lo. As emoções, à semelhança do conteúdo informativo dos enunciados, são consideradas importantes meios de persuasão. Alguns estudos desenvolvidos por Christian Plantin, sobre o tema, também serão levados em conta.Palavras-chave: efeitos visados; procedimentos linguístico-discursivos; argumentação; persuasão.Abstract: The present article is a study on the concept of pathos applied to journalistic chronicles authored by Luiz Garcia and published by the newspaper O Globo, from Rio de Janeiro. The concept of pathos, according to Aristotle, is an evidence derived from the emotion aroused by the speaker in the listeners. Patrick Charaudeau’s theory, on which this work is based, analyzes this phenomenon as an effect category. This article, therefore, considers the concept of pathos as the effect produced by the speaker in the audience. As to the linguist the interest of Discourse Analysis, with respect to this concept, is to study the discursive process through which emotions are triggered, this study aims to examine the linguistic-discursive strategies used by the chronicler to act on the audience, causing them certain emotions with the potential to persuade them. Emotions, like the informative content of statements, are considered important means of persuasion. Some studies by Christian Plantin on the subject, will also be taken into account.Keywords: intended effects; linguistic and discursive strategies; argumentation; persuasion.
An experimental evaluation of anti-inflammatory activities of some combined NSAID preparations in albino rats
Authors: Y. R. Rajashekar , S. N. Shobha
Published: March 2017

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are among the most commonly used drugs across the globe and they are also available over the counter for minor symptoms of pain and inflammation. Their toxicity profile limits their continued usage and search is continuing for the better effective and safer agent.Methods: Interaction of paracetamol with diclofenac, ibuprofen and mefenamic acid were studied on carrageenan induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma models. Potentiation of these NSAIDs by paracetamol was also studied on same models.Results: Addition of paracetamol did not increase anti-inflammatory activity of diclofenac, ibuprofen and mefenamic acid in both acute and subacute models of inflammation. Paracetamol found to potentiate the ibuprofen action in anti-inflammatory model where as in subacute inflammatory model diclofenac action was potentited.Conclusions: Our study does not support the rationality of various fixed dose combination of NSAIDs with paracetamol available in market. Either NSAIDs to be used individually or their dose need to be decreased in fixed dose combination.
Variable potentiation of analgesic anti- inflammatory activity of diclofenac by two medicinal plants rubia cordifolia and cassia fistula in wistar albino rats
Authors: Y. R. Rajashekar , S. N. Shobha
Published: March 2017

Background: NSAIDS are commonly prescribed drugs in clinical practice. However, their usage is limited by their toxicity profile and research continues for an alternative therapy with higher efficacy and safety. Various plant preparations found to be safe and effective are emerging, but their interactions with synthetic drugs are not much known.Methods: Wistar rats were divided in to four groups of six animals each Rubia cordifolia (RC) root preparation and casissia fistula (CF) leaf preparation were studied with sub anti-inflammatory dose of diclofenac in various analgesic, acute and subacute inflammatory models and test results variables were expressed in mean reaction time, paw edema volume and granuloma weight respectively.Results: Various test results were tabulated, statistically analysed and significance was calculated at P value <0.5. Eddy’s hot plate model did not show any significant change, but carrageenan induced paw edema model and cotton pellet induced granuloma model showed comparable decrease in paw edema volume and granuloma dry weight.Conclusions: Diclofenac, a standard analgesic and anti –inflammatory was not potentiated in pain model but it was potentiated in carrageenan and cotton pellet granuloma models in a variable manner. CF potentiates acute anti-inflammatory action, whereas RC potentiates subacute anti-inflammatory actions of diclofenac.
Contribuições ao estudo do Modelo de Crédito Parcial Generalizado
Authors: Ferreira Eduardo Vargas , Azevedo Caio Lucidius Naberezny
Published: March 2017

Este artigo aborda os mais importantes aspectos inferenciais do Modelo de Crédito Parcial Generalizado (MCPG), da Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI). É mostrado um estudo sobre uma das principais dificuldades encontradas no processo de estimação e inferência dos modelos da TRI, que é a falta de identificabilidade. Além disso, apresenta-se a interpretação dos parâmetros do modelo e da função de informação do item e do teste.

Palavras-chave: Teoria da Resposta ao Item; Modelos Politômicos; Modelo de Crédito Parcial Generalizado; Psicometria.

 

Contribuciones al estudio del Modelo de Crédito Parcial Generalizado

Este artículo aborda los más importantes aspectos inferenciales del Modelo de Crédito Parcial Generalizado (MCPG), de la Teoría de la Respuesta al Ítem (TRI). Se presenta un estudio sobre una de las principales dificultades encontradas en el proceso de estimación e inferencia de los modelos de la TRI, que es la falta de identificabilidad. Por otra parte, se expone la interpretación de los parámetros del modelo y de la función de información del ítem y el test.

Palabras clave: Teoría de la Respuesta al Ítem; Modelos Politómicos; Modelo de Crédito Parcial Generalizado; Psicometría.

 

Contributions to the study of Generalized Partial Credit Model

This article covers the most important inferential aspects of the Generalized Partial Credit Model (GPCM) of the Item Response Theory (IRT). It presents a study on one of the main difficulties encountered in the process of estimation and inference of the IRT models, which is the lack of identifiability. In addition, it presents the interpretation of the model parameters and the information function of the item and the test.

Keywords: Item Response Theory; Polytomous Models; Generalized Partial Credit Model; Psychometrics.
Fibrodisplasia osificante progresiva: informe de caso con diagnóstico temprano y propuesta de rehabilitación
Authors: Colmenares-Bonilla D , González-Sandoval B
Published: March 2017

La fibrodisplasia osificante progresiva es una alteración genética extremadamente rara; se caracteriza por osificación heterotópica espontánea catastrófica, causada por un traumatismo mínimo y por malformación tipo hallux valgus en 95% de los casos. Su prevalencia es de 1 en 2,000,000 de habitantes. La mayoría de pacientes son mal diagnosticados en etapas tempranas y es frecuente que sean sometidos a pruebas diagnósticas causando discapacidad importante por limitación del movimiento. En la primera década de vida hay episodios de dolor y edema en tejidos blandos, que precede a la osificación; éstos son precipitados por traumatismos mínimos, inyecciones intramusculares o procedimientos quirúrgicos, entre otras muchas causas. Las osificaciones causan dolor crónico, anquilosis articular, restricción de movimiento, infecciones graves, desnutrición y muerte por insuficiencia respiratoria. Generalmente, estos pacientes son sometidos a procedimientos diagnósticos o terapéuticos que agravan su problema. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 2.6 años de edad, proveniente de una comunidad rural, que fue diagnosticada tempranamente con este padecimiento y se describen propuestas del tratamiento de rehabilitación.
El consentimiento informado en la investigación pediátrica
Authors: Flores-Pérez J , Monroy-Santoyo S , Ruíz-García M , González-Zamora JF , Niembro-Zúñiga AM , Greenawalt-Rodríguez SR , Sánchez-Guerrero O , Priego y Romo J , De Rubens-Figueroa J , Vázquez-Cárdenas C , Escamilla- Villa A , Palacios-López CG
Published: March 2017

Los informes de abusos cometidos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, en sujetos sometidos a experimentos biomédicos, son el punto de referencia para la formulación de las reglas básicas a fin de llevar a cabo investigación en seres humanos. Así, surge el Informe Belmont, en el que quedan plasmados los tres principios éticos básicos: respeto por la persona, cuya expresión máxima es la autonomía, el beneficio y la justicia.
Quantitative Analysis of the Spatial Distribution of Metastatic Brain Lesions
Authors: Yanagihara Ted K. , Lee Albert , Wang Tony J. C.
Published: March 2017

Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial malignancy and afflict ∼10%–20% of patients with cancer. BMs tend to present at the boundaries of gray and white matter because of the distribution of small vessels. In addition, metastases may not be randomly distributed across gross anatomical regions of the brain, but this has not previously been quantified. We retrospectively analyzed a series of 28 patients with recurrent BMs with a total of 150 lesions. Each lesion was manually defined based on T1 gadolinium-enhanced imaging. Standard brain atlases were used to identify the anatomical brain region affected by each BM and the frequency of metastases in each region was compared with the expected probability, which was assumed to be a random distribution based on the brain volume. After correction for multiple comparisons, the paracingulate gyrus was found to have a statistically significant increase (P = 4.731 × 10−9) in the rate of BMs relative to the random spatial distribution. A nonstochastic spatial distribution of metastases may be used to guide partial brain radiotherapy with risk-adapted dose delivery and reduce the risk of neurotoxicity due to overtreatment.
MRI-Guided Stereotactic Biopsy of Murine GBM for Spatiotemporal Molecular Genomic Assessment
Authors: Galbán Stefanie , Al-Holou Wajd N. , Wang Hanxiao , Welton Amanda R. , Heist Kevin , Hu Xin Kathy , Verhaak Roeland GW , Zhu Yuan , Espinoza Carlos , Chenevert Thomas L. , Hoff Ben A. , Galbán Craig J. , Ross Brian D.
Published: March 2017

Brain tumor biopsies that are routinely performed in clinical settings significantly aid in diagnosis and staging. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a methodological image-guided approach that would allow for routine sampling of glioma tissue from orthotopic mouse brain tumor models. A magnetic resonance imaging-guided biopsy method is presented to allow for spatially precise stereotaxic sampling of a murine glioma coupled with genome-scale technology to provide unbiased characterization of intra- and intertumoral clonal heterogeneity. Longitudinal and multiregional sampling of intracranial tumors allows for successful collection of tumor biopsy samples, thus allowing for a pathway-enrichment analysis and a transcriptional profiling of RNA sequencing data. Spatiotemporal gene expression pattern variations revealing genomic heterogeneity were found.
Uma inesquecível conversa com Max M artins
Authors: Coimbra Oswaldo
Published: March 2017

Pela segunda vez, Max Martins estava diante de alunos do curso de Letras da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Ele fora convidado a participar, naquele ano de 2000, de uma semana de gravações de depoimentos sobre produção de textos, à qual já tinham comparecido alguns dos mais talentosos paraenses, de diversas áreas da cultura do estado, como o publicitário Oswaldo Mendes, o teatrólogo Edyr Augusto Proença, o romancista Vicente Cecim e o jornalista Lúcio Flávio Pinto. O poeta, naquela ocasião, já apresentava as primeiras marcas das enfermidades que iriam persegui-lo pelos anos seguintes até sua morte, no dia 9 de fevereiro de 2009. Demonstrava certa dificuldade para articular suas frases, em contraste com a fluência que lhe conferiam o vigor criativo e a plena maturidade intelectual de oito anos antes, quando foi ouvido pela primeira vez.
Flor e pedrarias
Authors: De Melo Tarso
Published: March 2017

Esta ‘resenha-antologia’, convoca duas faces de Max Martins: a do poeta parceiro de Age de Carvalho, co-autor de A fala entre parêntesis, e a do autor ausente das listas dos maiores poetas brasileiros. Depois de recuperar a curta fortuna crítica sobre sua poesia, pelo texto de Benedito Nunes, o ensaio destaca a não inserção da produção de Max no mercado editorial do Sudeste e apresenta um breve percurso literário e biográfico do poeta, desde O estranho (1952) até Colmando a lacuna. Encarando o poema como espaço de tensão, e buscando retratar a postura adotada pelo poeta diante da vida, do homem e da própria poesia, aponta para uma trajetória poética que se afirma descontinuamente, na qual o motor de criação é a crise permanente diante da linguagem e seus temas poéticos.
História de um ensaio
Authors: Massi Augusto
Published: March 2017

Este artigo investiga o papel da fotografia na poética de Max Martins (1926-2009) e, de forma mais detida, no livro Para ter onde ir (1992). Depois de realizar uma detalhada análise da foto de capa, passa a discutir tanto os seus diálogos como seus desdobramentos com a sequência de sete fotos distribuídas ao longo do volume. Consta no corpo do texto uma série de informações levantadas sobre os bastidores deste ensaio fotográfico produzido em Viena, pelo fotógrafo austríaco Béla Barsodi (1966), sob a direção artística do poeta paraense Age de Carvalho (1958). Ao final, destaca a centralidade da fotografia e da caligrafia na construção da identidade do Max Martins.
Fronteras porosas: la minería ilegal y el narcotráfico como amenazas latentes a la seguridad
Authors: Ocampo Rodríguez Diana Isabel
Published: March 2017

El crimen transnacional se ha consolidado como una amenaza latente para la seguridad del Estado colombiano y de otros países de la región demandando acciones estratégicas por parte de la fuerza pública que vayan más allá de las operaciones conjuntas y coordinadas exigiendo, por su capacidad y dinamismo, que se actúe bajo un marco de interoperabilidad. En este sentido, se da a conocer un análisis descriptivo de dos de las principales amenazas transnacionales que afectan algunos países latinoamericanos y un planteamiento de la autora sobre cuál debe ser la estrategia para enfrentar este tipo de desafíos. El presente artículo de reflexión se desarrolla en tres fases con un enfoque de investigación cualitativo y de tipo de revisión documental descriptiva y propositiva. La primera corresponde a un análisis sobre la evolución del concepto de seguridad y el crimen transnacional, la segunda al estudio del caso específico del narcotráfico y la minería ilegal, y la tercera a las recomendaciones que se plantean con el fin de evidenciar por qué se debe hacer frente de manera coordinada y bajo un marco de cooperación e integración entre los Estados.
Importancia de aprender a ser ciudadano: un reto para la formación de la educación superior en Colombia
Authors: Rojas Padilla Sandra Milena , Padilla Beltrán Luis Alejandro
Published: March 2017

El objetivo de este artículo pretende evidenciar la importancia de la enseñanza de competencias ciudadanas en la educación superior, que está tomada de manera tangencial tanto por el Estado Colombiano como por las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) aunque existe un mandato constitucional y legal que lo dispone. Partiendo del hecho de que no hay estándares básicos de competencias ciudadanas para la Educación Superior pero a pesar de ello éstas serán evaluadas por el ICFES en las pruebas Saber Profesional (Saber Pro). Una democracia se hace con ciudadanos, y para formar ciudadanos, es una responsabilidad de la familia, la sociedad y el Estado, para que pueda conocer tanto sus derechos como sus deberes, al formar parte de un Estado social de derecho con democracia participativa, resolver los conflictos de manera pacífica y tomar decisiones conscientes y responsables en el ejercicio y fortalecimiento de la democracia participativa; y es por ello, que las IES se convierten en eje fundamental para el cambio cultural. Para este propósito se realizó una revisión de lo que se ha escrito sobre competencias ciudadanas para la educación superior, en libros y en especial en bases de datos tales como ProQuest, EBSCO Academic Search Complete y Dialnet Plus, entre otras.
Designing for Change: Engaging Faculty Through a Blended Certificate in University Teaching Program
Authors: Stranach Matthew , Koroluk Jaymie , Atkins Bridgette
Published: March 2017

A key role of teaching and learning centres at postsecondary education institutions is to provide professional development for faculty and staff. A challenge for teaching and learning centre staff is to design, develop, and deliver professional development programs that are engaging and relevant to participants. This Report of Practice describes how two programs—a Certificate in University Teaching for faculty and staff and a parallel Certificate in University Teaching for Teaching Assistants—were developed and delivered. Factors that led to their success are also discussed. The use of a constructivist approach to teaching and learning, coupled with a blended design for course delivery and a flexible approach to the application of learning technologies all contributed to the success of these programs. Lessons learned and future directions for the program are also explored.
Body Talk: Moving beyond speech when analysing literature discussions
Authors: Asplund Stig-Börje
Published: March 2017

The intent of this article is to promote a methodological approach to the analysis of literature discussions by adopting a conversational analytic approach that views embodied actions (including talk) as multimodal. It is argued that this analytic approach moves beyond previous studies that focus on talk only, when analysing literature discussions, and further, that such an approach contributes to an increase in our understanding of the complex meaning-making processes that are set into play when students interact on literary texts in school.
Teachers’ Responses to Teacher Images in Picturebooks
Authors: Isidro Elizabeth Imperio , Button Kathryn
Published: March 2017

Many studies look into the responses to literature of students and how these responses may affect their identities. However, rarely do studies look into teachers’ responses to literature as far as their teacher identities are concerned. This study focuses on a beginning teacher’s responses to select children’s picturebooks and how his responses reflect his current school contexts and experiences, his emerging teacher identity, and the values he holds in teaching.
Ortho-chloronitrobenzene hydrogenation over carbon supported Rh-Cu catalysts
Authors: Das Ajit , Mahata Nagendranath
Published: March 2017

The promotional effect of Cu on the catalytic performance of supported Rh catalysts in the selective hydrogenation of ortho-chloronitrobenzene to ortho-chloroaniline was studied using carbon support. The catalysts were characterised by BET, H2 chemisorption, TEM. Rh surface is partially covered by Cu as a result of interaction between Rh and Cu. The superficial Cu species activate the N=O bond of chloronitrobenzene. Thus, the bimetallic RhCu catalysts exhibited excellent performance, producing chloroaniline with excellent selectivity.
The Solvency II Standard Formula, Linear Geometry, and Diversification
Authors: Paulusch Joachim
Published: March 2017

The core of risk aggregation in the Solvency II Standard Formula is the so-called square root formula. We argue that it should be seen as a means for the aggregation of different risks to an overall risk rather than being associated with variance-covariance based risk analysis. Considering the Solvency II Standard Formula from the viewpoint of linear geometry, we immediately find that it defines a norm and therefore provides a homogeneous and sub-additive tool for risk aggregation. Hence Euler's Principle for the reallocation of risk capital applies and yields explicit formulas for capital allocation in the framework given by the Solvency II Standard Formula. This gives rise to the definition of diversification functions, which we define as monotone, subadditive, and homogeneous functions on a convex cone. Diversification functions constitute a class of models for the study of the aggregation of risk, and diversification. The aggregation of risk measures using a diversification function preserves the respective properties of these risk measures. Examples of diversification functions are given by seminorms, which are monotone on the convex cone of non-negative vectors. Each Lp norm has this property, and any scalar product given by a non-negative positive semidefinite matrix does as well. In particular, the Standard Formula is a diversification function and hence a risk measure that preserves homogeneity, subadditivity, and convexity.
Gaussian Processes for Blazar Variability Studies
Authors: Karamanavis Vassilis
Published: March 2017

This article shortly introduces Gaussian processes as a new approach for modelling time series in the field of blazar physics. In the second part of the paper, recent results from an application of GP modelling to the multi-wavelength light curves of the blazar PKS 1502+106 are discussed.
Trimethylchitosan-Capped Silver Nanoparticles with Positive Surface Charge: Their Catalytic Activity and Antibacterial Spectrum Including Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Chang Tein-Yao , Chen Cheng-Cheung , Cheng Kuang-Ming , Chin Chia-Yin , Chen Yu-Hao , Chen Xin-An , Sun Jun-Ren , Young Jenn-Jong , Chiueh Tzong-Shi
Published: March 2017

We report a facile route for the green synthesis of trimethylchitosan nitrate-capped silver nanoparticles (TMCN-AgNPs) with positive surface charge. In this synthesis, silver nitrate, glucose, and trimethyl chitosan nitrate (TMCN) were used as silver precursor, reducing agent, and stabilizer, respectively. The reaction was carried out in a stirred basic aqueous medium at room temperature without the use of energy-consuming or expensive equipment. We investigated the effects of the concentrations of NaOH, glucose, and TMCN on the particle size, zeta potential, and formation yield. The AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy, laser Doppler anemometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of the TMCN-AgNPs was studied by the reduction of 4-nitrophenol using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. We evaluated the antibacterial effects of the TMCN-AgNPs on Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus using the broth microdilution method. The results showed that both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were killed by the TMCN-AgNPs at very low concentration (< 6.13 μg/mL). Moreover, the TMCN-AgNPs also showed high antibacterial activity against clinically isolated multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was ≤ 12.25 μg/mL.
Rola mikrobioty w zachowaniu zdrowego jelita
Authors: Szachta Patrycja , Bartnicka Anna , Gałęcka Mirosława
Published: March 2017

Obecnie wiadomo już, iż przyczyną licznych chorób przewodu pokarmowego jest zaburzenie ekosystemu jelitowego. Udział zaburzeń mikrobioty w rozwoju i podtrzymaniu nieswoistych chorób zapalnych jelit, zespołu nadwrażliwego jelita, martwiczego zapalenia jelit, zaparć czy wzdęć został wykazany w licznych badaniach naukowych. Bezsprzeczne są także zaburzenia równowagi bakteryjnej w alergiach pokarmowych i chorobach atopowych. Skuteczność probiotyków i prebiotyków w wymienionych jednostkach chorobowych została wielokrotnie potwierdzona, co skłoniło badaczy do poszukiwania nowych jednostek chorobowych, w których probiotyki mogłyby być skuteczną opcja terapeutyczną. Pojawiły się doniesienia o zaburzeniach mikrobioty u dzieci z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu, w depresji czy też u pacjentów otyłych i z zespołem metabolicznym. Odkryto także nowe drobnoustroje, które – obok bakterii z rodzaju Lactobacillus czy Biϔidobacterium – mogą istotnie wpływać na poprawę ludzkiego zdrowia. Szczególnie obiecujące są bakterie z gatunku Akkermansia muciniphila oraz Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, które wydają się współdziałać w odtwarzaniu ciągłości nabłonka jelitowego. A. muciniphila wykazuje zdolność do rozkładu mucyny, produkując jednoczasowo kwas octowy, kwas propionowy oraz oligosacharydy. Produkty te stają się substratem dla F. prausnitzii, jednego z głównych producentów maślanu w jelicie. Wytwarzający maślan beztlenowiec przyczynia się do hamowania stanu zapalnego w przewodzie pokarmowym, zapobiegając jednocześnie zwiększonej przepuszczalności jelita. Stymulacja wzrostu obu bakterii (np. na drodze prebiotykoterapii) może więc okazać się wartościową opcją odżywiania i odbudowy nabłonka jelitowego. Podczas gdy A. muciniphila badana jest intensywnie w aspekcie otyłości i cukrzycy, F. prausnitzii może stać się interesującym markerem aktywności choroby Crohna. Celem niniejszej pracy było przedstawienie nowych, obiecujących aspektów odbudowy mikrobioty jelitowej w leczeniu wybranych chorób.
Wpływ wysiłkowego nietrzymania moczu stopnia I na aktywność ruchową kobiet w zależności od stanu odżywienia określonego za pomocą wskaźnika masy ciała
Authors: Ptak Magdalena , Mosiejczuk Hanna , Szylińska Aleksandra , Rotter Iwona
Published: March 2017

Wstęp: Wysiłkowe nietrzymanie moczu (WNM) i otyłość są problemami uznanymi przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia (World Health Organization – WHO) za choroby społeczne. Według International Continence Society 10–40% kobiet ma kłopoty z nietrzymaniem moczu (NM). Nadwaga i otyłość stanowią jeden z największych problemów zdrowotnych kobiet w okresie okołomenopauzalnym. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była analiza wpływu WNM na aktywność ruchową (AR) kobiet w zależności od masy ciała.Materiał i metody: W badaniu wzięły udział 54 kobiety w wieku 41–67 lat z WNM. Wykonano pomiary antropometryczne. Aktywność ruchowa została zbadana za pomocą kwestionariuszy autorskich. Istotność statystyczną obliczono w programie Statistica 12 testami normalności rozkładu, współczynnika korelacji oraz testami nieparametrycznymi i post-hoc.Wyniki: Średnia wieku badanych wynosiła 55 ±7 lat. Wskaźnik masy ciała (Body Mass Index – BMI) u badanych kształtował się następująco: w normie (N1) – 11 (20,4%), z nadwagą (N2) – 33 (59,2%), otyłość (N3) – 11 (20,4%); 94% (51 osób) stanowiły pacjentki o budowie ciała androidalnej, 6% (3 osoby) o gynoidalnej. Aktywność ruchową przed pojawieniem się problemów z WNM pacjentki oceniały jako tryb życia: siedzący – 12 (22,2%), aktywny – 23 (42,6%), mieszany – 19 (35,2%). Na pytanie dotyczące wpływu pojawienia się problemów z WNM na AR pacjentki odpowiadały: trochę – 13 (24,1%), umiarkowanie – 14 (25,9%), bardzo – 27 (50%). Nie wykazano różnic istotnych statystycznie w grupach N1, N2, N3 pod względem wpływu WNM na AR.Wnioski: Największą uciążliwość WNM wpływającą na AR odczuwały pacjentki z nadwagą. Nie została jednak wykazana istotna zależność w tym zakresie. W badanej grupie chorych przeważający był androidalny typ budowy ciała oceniany za pomocą wskaźnika WHR
Reservoir Characterization to Assess Large Field Opportunity in Los Perales Field, Golfo San Jorge Basin, Argentina
Authors: Perez Diego G. , Pedersen Guillermo , Lehu Remi , Thompson Anthony , Morettini Elena
Published: March 2017

The case study here presented supports the on-going EOR development project of a low net-to-gross fluvial system producing viscous oil form a thick sedimentary column in San Jorge Gulf Basin, Argentina. The selected strategy consists in combining dynamic modeling, analytic tools and field measurements to assess field potential and to model uncertainty through different yet plausible deterministic scenarios.

The selected area is Los Perales field in Southern Argentina, with 2880 wells producing from more than 1000 m thick column of thin fluvial sandstone bodies and tuffaceous shale floodplain intercalations. This is a mature field extensively drilled, although single sand extension is likely to be below well spacing. Sands are captured by well logs but have no seismic representation, making connectivity prediction in between wells critical for any IOR or EOR project. For this reason, sand lateral connectivity is estimated by statistical tools, and then several plausible 3D connectivity scenarios are used to model geological uncertainty. Simple analytical tools support simulation results on the identification of key dynamic factors affecting polymer flood incremental volumes. Nevertheless, different modeling approaches are here combined to build deterministic scenarios such as fine scale 2D section models and different resolution 3D sector models for different purposes.

We estimate that, given the adverse mobility ratio, when 45% water saturation is reached in the reservoir water sweep efficiency becomes so dramatically low that almost no oil is pushed and water cut raises over 95% as historical production data shows during the 25-year water-flood history in the field. The resulting low recovery factor presents a huge opportunity for polymer flood not only in the already swept areas and heterogeneous regions but also in some unproduced layers with water forecast on swabbing tests. A zone-ranking based on a vertical proportion curve for reservoir and non-reservoir intervals allows us to narrow the development to lower risk confined regions. Further investigation and detail modelling in these regions permit us to assess uncertainty and estimate incremental volumes as up to 3 times those recovered by water-flooding. Production logging confirmed the relevance of targeted intervals in well production, hence supporting polymer business case.

This methodology is used to forecast, rank and select the best areas for polymer flood. This integrated approach combines geology, petrophysics and engineering using several laboratory tests, multiple deterministic scenarios and statistical tools to analyze polymer flood opportunities in a large field producing from a low net-to-gross thick sedimentary column.
Surveillance Service Reduces Time to Restart 42 ESP Wells to 2.8 Hours: A Real Case
Authors: Rodriguez Juan Carlos , Berdugo Maria L. , Moreno Diego G. , Cifuentes Edwin A. , Marquez Diego , Paredes Monica , Esquivel Alfonso , Gozalbo Eduardo , Gornescu Bogdan , Carreras Julia , Tarco Jaime
Published: March 2017

Unexpected power supply interruptions in the Shushufindi-Aguarico field represent a major issue for production and logistics. Although these interruptions are not frequent, they can severely affect operations, and because of the remote well locations, mobilization and security coordination, and HSE exposure starting-up the wells can be a challenge. To overcome these constraints, a solution was required that would enable remote well startups, reducing downtime and deferred production by 72%.

A process has been setup where a surveillance service identifies an interruption, proceeds with remote start-up, and finally confirms restarting. Using this service one can monitor operations and quickly take action in the event of a power supply interruption. After one such interruption, the control room received confirmation from the local engineering team to proceed with the remote well startup. The team used the surveillance service to confirm remote access to each well and identify when each well had started up. After restarting all the wells, the surveillance service was used to monitor performance during the stabilization period.

Use of the real-time surveillance service, together with support from the Artificial Lift Surveillance Centre, enables the engineering team to monitor operations prior to the interruption, remotely restart the wells, and confirm the wells had successfully restarted after the interruption. As a result, the 42 wells were started up in a record time of just 2.8 hours, instead of the estimated 16.8 hours if they were started up without the remote intervention of the engineering team.

This paper explains how the real-time surveillance helps improve the run life and uptime of Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP) and so reduces production deferment in the Shushufindi-Aguarico wells of the Ecuadorian Oriental basin. The implementation of a robust surveillance workflow, together with real-time surveillance and an alarm notification system, has been shown to be effective in increasing ESP run life. It does by classification of alarms and the fast diagnostics of main root causes that helps to promptly identify remedial actions and/or recommendations. This workflow prevents the ESP from being operated outside its recommended operating conditions and experiencing excessive stress, reducing start/stops and downtime, and improving the downhole chemical injection program for scale inhibition.
Collapse Analysis of Perforated Pipes Under External Pressure
Authors: Beltrán K.. , Netto T..
Published: March 2017

This work is a numerical, analytical and experimental study of collapse pressure of perforated pipes to evaluate the effect of lateral perforations on the radial resistance of pipes under external pressure. These types of pipes are a simple and economical technology widely used in our days as sand control meshes or perforated liners. In this work was considered a variation of geometric configurations (relation diameter/pipe thickness (OD/t)), distance between perforations, number of perforation on the circumferential and longitudinal directions and hole diameter.

First, was evaluated the reduction of the radial resistance to the external pressure through the real collapse of 12 pipes of 151 mm of diameter (8 with holes and 4 without). For the analytical part was calculated the collapse pressures using the API equations (API 1999), DNV equation (DNV, 2010) and four-hinge mechanism (ABBASSIAN & PARFITT 1998). For the numerical part was developed a tridimensional model on finite elements using ABAQUS, to obtain the pipe collapse pressure and validate the numerical model through the experimental results. The experimental and numerical results shows that the D/t relationship, initial imperfections (like ovalization) and material properties have important influence on the pipes resistance, although the perforation diameter and the axial space between them are the variables with most influence on the collapse resistance of perforated tubes. In general terms, when we compared the collapse pressures of pipes with holes and pipes without holes with similar properties was found a reduction of collapse pressure close to 10%, but some geometrical parameters of holes could reduce or increase this difference.
An Interview with Sharan Kumar Limbale
Authors: Bhaumik Mahuya
Published: March 2017

Sharan Kumar Limbale is an Indian Dalit activist, writer and literary critic. He has more than 40 books to his credit and is best known for his highly acclaimed autobiographical work Akkarmashi (The Outcaste). Limbale’s critical work Towards an Aesthetics of Dalit Literature is considered to be one of the seminal works on Dalit Literature.