bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview of IoT and Blockchain Technology in Smart Agriculture
Authors: Kaushal Anshika
Published: July 2021

The digital breach between applications of IoT and agriculture decaying from the last few years. As we know nowadays the latest technologies such as Blockchain technology etc. are blooming. And the combination of IoT and these blooming technologies will allow in improvisation of productivity through the sustainable cultivation of food, efficient use of water, food security, food chain supply, transactions efficiency, transparency of food safety, e.t.c. Thus, in this paper, applications of “ IoT” in agriculture have been analyzed and studied, also this paper concisely introduced the technology IoT, agriculture sector, benefits of IoT in agriculture, and presents a review of some literature. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the ongoing studies and research on smart agriculture using the recent combination of IoT, Blockchain Technologies to fix a variety of agriculture’s problems.
Experimental Investigation of Nano Fluid in Machining Process to Enhance the Performance
Authors: Tandekar Gaurav
Published: July 2021

The surface roughness is paying a very dominant role in manufacturing industries. It is one of the parameters that cannot be avoided in machining process. Investigation was done on turning titanium alloy grade 2 with uncoated carbide insert in a CNC lathe. During machining on titanium, the high cutting temperature found, because of that friction in tool causes, for that purpose we are carry more cutting fluid, cutting tool & actual machining parameter. The present work shows the concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) & Graphene nano-particles are in used. The Nano fluid is prepared by using various ratios of nano-particles (MWCNT & Graphene), rice bran oil and blended oil as a base fluid. sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) Surfactant added in cutting-fluid to provide better lubricant properties. The statistical planning of the experiment is done by using Taguchi method. The process parameters considered in the study are cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and surface roughness is considered as a response parameter.
Simulation based of DC-DC Converter for AVR System and PID Controller with Tree Seed Algorithm based AVR System for Synchronous Generator
Authors: Kadam Ms. Mrunali
Published: July 2021

The voltage is supervised by AVR an automatic voltage regulator. It transforms the varying voltage into a constant voltage. The most prevalent cause of voltage fluctuation is changes in load on the supply system. An excitation system is a system that provides the necessary field current to the synchronous machine's rotor winding. The most important characteristics of an excitation system are dependability under all operating circumstances, ease of control, and ease of maintenance, stability, and quick transient response. In the literature, several control systems, such as in the literature, PID controllers, adaptive control methods, and intelligent control methods have all been suggested. On the one hand to get an accurate and quick generator terminal voltage control, the usage of a step down chopper in the exciter circuit is suggested in this study. DC-DC converters are also called as Choppers. The Step down chopper, It changes a given DC input voltage into a determined DC output voltage The input voltage source is tie up with governable solid state device that acts as a switch. Switches can be made using metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) or insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). The field circuit of the generator is associated to the chopper and a Praportional-Intigral controller deviates the converter duty cycle to vary the generator's terminal voltage. to regulate the generator field voltage. On the other hand, Tree-Seed Algorithm (TSA) algorithm based PID controller is put forward for automatic voltage regulator system. The suggested approach calculates PID coefficients to the best of its ability. The execution of this TSA-based optimum PID controller is compared to that of various PID controllers produced in the literature utilizing different meta-hermetic optimization techniques. Comparative research in for the suggested schemes has a superior transient response and is more resistant to fluctuations in Generator load and DC input voltage.
Iceberg Detection using Satellite Images
Authors: Ashoka K Dr.
Published: July 2021

Chunks of ice present genuine risks for transport route and seaward establishments. Subsequently, there is a huge interest to limit them ideal and over tremendous regions. As a result of their autonomy of overcast cover and sunlight, satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) pictures are among the favoured information hotspots for functional ice conditions and ice sheet events. The picture spatial goal for the most part utilized for chunk of ice observing changes between a couple and 100 m. Prepared SAR information are portrayed by dot clamour, which causes a grainy appearance of the pictures making the distinguishing proof of ice shelves amazingly troublesome. The techniques for satellite checking of hazardous ice developments, similar to ice shelves in the Arctic oceans address a danger to the security of route and monetary action on the Arctic rack. Along these lines, here we have thought of a thought of an application which distinguishes the Iceberg pictures utilizing satellite pictures and it is proposed by utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) grouping.
The Qur’an Reciting Competitions in the Nizhny Novgorod Region (2005–2021)
Authors: Akhmedova F. M. , Kornilov A. A. , Orekhov A. A.
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the practices of religious education and socialization of Muslims in the Nizhny Novgorod region, more precisely, to the study of Qur’an reciting competitions in the period from 2005 till 2021. The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of these practices. The sources of the research include information materials of the official Internet site of Spiritual Boards of Muslims of Nizhny Novgorod Region (DUM NO), and the results of an interviews with representatives of the organizers’ team of the competition and teachers of maktabs. Based on this goal, the authors seek to reconstruct the speciﬁcs of the organization of the Qur’an reciting competition. The study has used the interdisciplinary approach and methods of social sciences. The research identiﬁed the following practices: the practice of mentoring and systematic training and education; the practice of teaching and religious education through contemporary means of communication; the practice of common work and competition in good deeds; the practice of thanksgiving, praising the Almighty; socialization practice, strengthening unity within the ummah; the practice of encouraging of the acquisition of new knowledge; vocational guidance practice. The research scientiﬁc novelty is expressed by systematization of information about Qur’an reciting competitions in the Nizhny Novgorod region.
Moscow Shi‘ite Communities in the Post-Soviet Period
Authors: Seitov E. M.
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the study of Shi‘ite Muslims, natives of Transcaucasia, South Asia, and Southern Dagestan, settled in the Moscow region during the post-Soviet period. The study is based on the author’s ﬁeld materials (2017–2021). There are three main stages of the formation of Shi‘ite communities in Moscow: activities individual activists in the 1990s; sustainable development in the 2000s; and full-ﬂedged autonomous existence in the 2010s. The article shows that the Shi‘ites in Moscow are not united in the one whole community, moreover, communities representing different ethnic groups are independent of each other. They develop separately; at the same time, some neophytes stand apart. The structure and social relations in Shi‘ite communities largely reproduce patterns of social organization of their homeland. Ethnic, cultural and linguistic borders do not become transparent. Political events and upheavals in the exodus countries activate the national and ethnic feelings of the Moscow Shi‘ites. The Shi‘ite communities have built interstate religious networks, which allow them to continue their autonomous development in the Moscow region.
Regulated Emergence of the African swine fever virus: B646L (p72) Gene Based Bayesian Coalescent Analysis
Authors: Prabhakarareddy Anapalli Venkataravana , Santosh Kumar SR , Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa Suresh , Sharanagouda S. Pati , Uma Bharathi Indrabalan , Rajangam Sridev , Veeresh Santhebennur Jayappa , Siddappa B. Kakkalameli , Chandrashekar Srinivasa , Shiva Prasad Kollur , Chandan Shivamallu
Published: July 2021

African swine fever virus (ASFV) belongs to the genus of virus of the Asfaviridae family. ASFV infection causes hemorrhage and high death rate hence increased loss to the swine community. It is a complex infectious disease of swine, which constitutes devastating impacts on animal health and the economy of the pig farmers. It has been confirmed that virus infections has been spreading in swine population for many years. In this study, the evolutionary epidemiology analysis of ASF virus from the geographical regions Africa, Europe, and Asia, respectively were retrieved from GenBank for the analysis. The nucleotide gene sequences of the viral protein p72 encoded by B646L gene published during 1960-2020 was taken in to study. The Bayesian skyline model with uncorrelated randomized clock model was employed to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the virus, to identify virus population demographics. Results of the analysis suggested that ASFV exhibited a high evolutionary rate, as the divergence caused reduction in the population in the recent years. The B646L gene of ASFV had an evolutionary rate of 4.13 X 10-6 substitution/site/year and the tMRCA as 3.15 x 105 with 95 percent HPD range in years (2.4 x 104 to 1.23 x 106) was obtained. In conclusion, the evolutionary study of ASFV with p72 protein from the ASFV of the B646L genes indicated that they evolved at a faster rate and plays a major role in the evolutionary process. Further, this study may help in designing or developing vaccines to control the spread of the disease.
Modern Information Technologies: Obstacles and Assistants in Management Decision-Making. Article One. Obstacles
Authors: Shamakhov V. A. , Mezhevich N. M.
Published: July 2021

The dependence of management decisions on information support is not a debatable issue for a long time. However, the changing quality of information creates both new challenges and new opportunities in the information and analytical field. The decision-making process, which would seem to be facilitated by digitalization, is actually becoming more complicated. As one of the main effects of digitalization, we note the apparent availability of information. In fact, simple facts that create an information network no longer become, moreover, they become smaller, or rather, their availability decreases. The necessary information sinks in the ocean of information noise. Echo chambers and filter bubbles exacerbate this problem.
Innovations in Housing and Communal Services to Increase Real Incomes of the Russian Population
Authors: Shcherbakova D. V. , Ignashin O. E.
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes innovative technologies for heating residential buildings as an opportunity to solve the problems of housing and communal services in the country and a way to increase the real income of the population. The methods of statistical data analysis, the logical method, and the method of mathematical modeling are used. The problem under study is that the Russian economy has been experiencing a decline in real incomes for a long period of time. Coronavirus restrictions have exacerbated the existing trends. At the same time, a significant share of the expenses of Russians is the payment for utilities. Over the past 10 years, the cost of heating has risen by 80%. The lag of the Russian energy sector from the world indicators is due to several reasons: the low energy efficiency class of houses, significant wear and tear of heating networks, functional shortcomings of centralized heating, the lack of necessary federal and regional legislative acts, and the lack of private investment. At the same time, the centralized heating system has a number of unresolved problems related to the monopoly position of the industry: significant wear of pipelines of heat networks and heat generating equipment; limitations of the maximum temperature in the cold period; systematic exceeding of the value according to the temperature schedule in the warm period; poor quality of hot water supply in the winter period; late start of heating in the early cold; obsolete and extremely dangerous method of testing heat networks. It becomes obvious that there is a need for a radical modernization of the housing and communal sector with the introduction of fundamentally new heating systems and the development of energysaving technologies in the design, construction, and major repairs of residential buildings. The economic calculation of the use of an “Electro-converter heating system” on the example of a panel house of the 507 series showed that the annual savings in heating costs will be 79.5%. The payback period of the project is 11 years. The use of innovative systems of this type in the construction of new homes will pay off the investment much faster. The most acceptable mechanism for implementing such a project may be a public-private partnership. The use of public-private partnerships in the form of concession agreements in the construction of energy-efficient residential buildings and the introduction of innovative heating systems will create favorable conditions for the large-scale introduction of energy-saving technologies, which will have a positive impact on cost savings when paying for heating services and increase real incomes of the population.
Application of Business Games in Training of Employees of Regional Executive Bodies and Local Self-Government Bodies
Authors: Klushin A. V.
Published: July 2021

The author raises the issues of applying innovative approaches in the educational and methodological process of training personnel, whose competence includes the implementation of measures to prevention of terrorism. The article discusses the features of conducting practical exercises in the simulation games form, their part and positive experience in the provision of education organization, and advanced training of employees of the antiterrorism commission apparatus in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, executive authorities, and local self-government bodies.
Human Rights: From Theory to Politics
Authors: Kugay A. I.
Published: July 2021

The article addresses human rights from the perspectives of defining their conceptual foundations, considering them as an element of geopolitics and a context-oriented approach to ensuring them. The recognition of the dignity of the human person — the main thing, on what is based the concept of human rights. The idea of human dignity manifests itself in the equal status of each person and is expressed in the fact that at birth each person becomes a member of the corporate body of humanity. From this point of view, any attempt to deprive a person of his “innate” corporate identity as a member of humanity is precisely what constitutes a violation of human rights. At the same time, practice should be separated from rhetoric. At the level of political practice, the history of human rights, as in the time of Locke, retains all the signs of social inequality, remains the history of drawing the boundaries of the rights of some social groups, strata and peoples at the expense of limiting others. Identifying the essence of human rights with Western culture denies the possibility for other cultures to have the same rights. Affirming that those who are not part of Western culture are excluded from the human rights radar. Accordingly, the most productive approach in the theory and practice of ensuring human rights is the context-oriented approach, which involves representatives of different cultures in the dialogue, who do not necessarily share the same understanding of human rights ethics, acting as a context-dependent universality.
Problems of Contemporary Public Administration: Content Analysis of Scientific Publications
Authors: Likhtin A. A.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to characterize the current trends in public administration research in European countries. Methodologically, the article is based on the content analysis of the leading journals in the field of research of the theory and practice of public administration in European countries. The journals, which form the basis for the analysis of the subject area of the European science of public administration, are a theoretical and methodological platform in the field of public administration, which serves as a unifying framework for scientists and practitioners interested in the public sector and public sector management. Analysis of current trends and research provides a factual basis for decision-making, presents an accessible format, and encourages discussion. Journals on public administration in European countries are an institutional whole, not the least role in the stable significance of which is played by the «hypothesis — method» bundle, which does not allow writing and further publishing articles of a proveless nature. A total of 410 articles from six top journals (1–39 place (Q1) Scimago Journal & Country Rank) for 2017–2020 were analyzed. The analysis of articles shows that most of the journals are aimed at publishing articles of an analytical, methodological, and theoretical nature on five main topics: theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of public policy and public administration; national public political events and processes; the European Union as an actor in regional and international affairs; institutions, politics, and political processes in the European Union and other countries of the world; state policy of interaction between the European Union and other states, as well as comparative studies related to multidimensional issues of public administration. The practical result of the article is the formation of a pool of hypotheses for the study of public administration in conjunction with specific methods that allow these hypotheses to be tested. The reviewed articles reflect a steady interest among scientists and practitioners in understanding projects, the effectiveness of public policy instruments, and the organizational level factors that make it possible to implement them. They reveal how public policy embodies broader trends in society in terms of new regulatory approaches, initiatives, and mechanisms.
Information and Management Solution: History Lessons for Today
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: July 2021

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Kebiasaan Sarapan, Kualitas Tidur, Dan Dukungan Orangtua Terhadap Konsentrasi Belajar Selama Pandemi COVID 19
Authors: Wati Sukma , Harna Harna , Nuzrina Rachmanida , Sitoayu Laras , Dewanti Lintang Purwara
Published: July 2021

Masalah yang sering ditemukan pada anak usia sekolah dasar yaitu masalah konsentrasi penyebab anak sulit berkonsentrasi saat belajar adalah karena tidak tertarik dan tidak suka dengan materi yang dipelajari serta metode yang digunakan. Konsentrasi siswa pada usia sekolah dasar menjadi lebih selektif, beradaptasi, dan terencana. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsentrasi belajar ada dua yakni faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal meliputi pskiologis dan fisiologis sedangkan faktor eksternal meliputi keadaan sosial dan non sosial yang termasuk kedalam faktor internal diantaranya kebiasaan sarapan, kualitas tidur, dan dukungan orangtua. penelitian ini merupakan gabungan dari 3 faktor dominan yang berpengaruh secara langsung yaitu kebiasaan sarapan, kualitas tidur, dan dukungan orangtua. Untuk melihat mana yang paling berhubungan dengan konsentrasi belajar. Untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan sarapan, kualitas tidur, dan dukungan orang tua terhadap konsentrasi belajar di SDN Karawaci 13 Kota Tangerang. Menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dengan pendekatan observasi (pengamatan) dan wawancara. Adapun yang di observasi adalah kebiasaan sarapan, kualitas tidur, dukungan orang tua, serta konsentrasi belajar anak SDN Karawaci 13 Kota Tangerang. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu 68 Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar yang terdiri dari kelas 4 dan 5 SD. Uji statistik menggunakan uji chi- square. Dari penelitian ini karakteristik responden Menunjukkan bahwa responden penelitian mayoritas berjenis kelamin laki-laki yaitu sebanyak 39 orang (57,4%). Untuk frekuensi usia responden mayoritas siswa SDN Karawaci 13 Berusia 11 tahun sebanyak  34 orang (50%). Dan distribusi berdasarkan kelas siswa mayoritas siswa kelas 5 B sebanyak 23 orang (33,8%). Hasil uji statistik hubungan antara Kebiasaan Sarapan (0,040), dan Dukungan Orangtua (0,017) menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan (p≤0,05) Terhadap Konsentrasi Belajar. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan sarapan, dukungan orangtua terhadap konsentrasi belajar di SDN Karawaci 13 Selama Pandemi COVID 19, Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifkan Antara kualitas tidur terhadap konsentrasi Belajar di SDN Karawaci 13 Selama Pandemi COVID 19.
The effect of ethical leadership at senior management levels on in-role work behaviors
Authors: Nemr Mohamed Ahmed Ali , Liu Yuhuan
Published: July 2021

Higher education institutions and most contemporary organizations face behavioral issues often related to the leaders’ skills and styles of leadership. Ethical leadership is one of those methods that helps to improve the workers’ behaviors within the workplace (Brown, Treviño, & Harrison, 2005; Kia, Halvorsen, & Bartram, 2019; Qian & Jian, 2020). This study aims to test ethical leadership’s (EL) impact on in-role work behaviors (IWBs) and to test the moderating role of organizational cynicism (OC) between them. The authors conducted this study using a stratified random sample consisting of 400 faculty members working in Egypt’s Sohag University. For this analysis, we used simple regression, hierarchical regression moderated analysis (HRMA) and simple slope analysis. Our paper findings reveal that EL had a positive effect on IWBs and that OC modified the positive correlation between them. This meant that the relationship was stronger for workers, who perceived a low level of cynicism, and was weaker for workers who perceived a high level of cynicism. These findings resulted in our conclusions about the respective relationships between EL, IWBs and OC concerning ethical leadership.
Rhabdomyolysis - A rare cause explained.
Authors: Baghi Mohamed , Sirajudeen Jassem , Alarbi Khaled , Naushad Vamanjore , Benshaban Nada
Published: July 2021

Hypothyroidism causing rhabdomyolysis is a known but an uncommon entity.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis causing rhabdomyolysis in the absence of
precipitating factors is even rarer. Here we report a 42- year-old
previously healthy male with hypothyroidism due to Hashimotos
thyroiditis complicated by severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney
injury.
Soil and water conservation in terraced and non-terraced cultivations - a massive comparison of 50 vineyards
Authors: Pijl Anton , Wang Wendi , Straffelini Eugenio , Tarolli Paolo
Published: July 2021

Understanding the soil and water conservation (SWC) impact of
steep-slope agricultural practices (e.g. terraces) has arguably never
been more relevant than today, in the face of widespread intensifying
rainfall conditions. In northern Italy, a diverse mosaic of terraced and
non-terraced cultivation systems have historically developed from local
traditions and more recently from the introduction of machinery.
Previous studies suggested that each vineyard configuration is
characterised by a specific set of soil degradation patterns. However,
an extensive analysis of SWC impacts by different vineyard
configurations is missing, while this is crucial for providing robust
guidelines for future-proof viticulture. Here, we provide a unique
extensive comparison of SWC in 50 vineyards, consisting of 10 sites of 5
distinct practices: slope-wise cultivation (SC), contour cultivation
(CC), contour terracing (CT), broad-base terracing (BT) and diagonal
terracing (DT). A big-data analysis of physical erosion modelling based
on high-resolution LiDAR data is performed, while four predefined SWC
indicators are systematically analysed and statistically quantified.
Regular contour terracing (CT) ranked best across all indicators,
reflecting a good combination of flow interception and homogeneous
distribution of runoff and sediment under intense rainfall conditions.
The least SWC-effective practices (SC, CC, and DT) were related to
vineyards optimised for trafficability by access roads or uninterrupted
inter-row paths, which create high upstream-downstream connectivity and
are thus prone to flow accumulation. The novel large-scale approach of
this study offers a robust comparison of SWC impacts under intense
rainstorms, which is becoming increasingly relevant for sustainable
future management of such landscapes.
Non-standard numerical scheme for singularly perturbed parabolic partial differential equation with long time lag arising in control theory
Authors: NEGERO NAOL , Duressa Gemechis
Published: July 2021

For the numerical solution of singularly perturbed second-order
parabolic partial differential equation of one dimensional
convection-diffusion type with long time delays arising in control
theory, a novel class of fitted operator finite difference methods is
constructed using non-standard finite difference methods. Since the two
parameters; time lag and perturbation parameters are sources for the
simultaneous occurrence of time-consuming and high speed phenomena of
the physical systems that depends on the present and past history, our
study here is to capture the effect of the two parameters on the
boundary layer. The spatial derivative is suitably replaced by a
difference operator followed by the time derivative is replaced by the
Crank-Nicolson based scheme. A second-order parameter-uniform error
bounds are established to provide numerical results.
Aspirin effects on platelet gene expression are associated with a paradoxical, increase in platelet function.
Authors: Myers Rachel , Ortel Thomas , Dave Sandeep , Waldrop Alexander , Ginsburg Geoffrey , Voora Deepak
Published: July 2021

Aspirin has known effects beyond inhibiting platelet cyclooxygenase-1
(COX1) that have been incompletely characterized. Transcriptomics can
comprehensively characterize the on- and off-target effects of
medications. We used a systems pharmacogenomics approach of aspirin
exposure in volunteers coupled with serial platelet function and
purified platelet mRNA sequencing to test the hypothesis that aspirin’s
effects on the platelet transcriptome are associated with platelet
function. We prospectively recruited 74 adult volunteers for a
randomized cross over study of 81- vs. 325 mg/day, each for 4 weeks.
Using mRNA sequencing of purified platelets collected before and after
each 4-week exposure, we identified 208 aspirin-responsive genes with no
evidence for dosage effects. In independent cohorts of healthy
volunteers and patients with diabetes we validated aspirin’s effects on
five genes: EIF2S3, CHRNB1, EPAS1, SLC9A3R2, and HLA-DRA. Functional
characterization of the effects of aspirin on mRNA as well as platelet
ribosomal RNA demonstrated that aspirin may act as an inhibitor of
protein synthesis. Database searches for small molecules that mimicked
the effects of aspirin on platelet gene expression in vitro identified
aspirin but no other molecules that share aspirin’s known mechanisms of
action. The effects of aspirin on platelet mRNA were correlated with
higher levels of platelet function both at baseline and after aspirin
exposure – an effect that counteracts aspirin’s known antiplatelet
effect. In summary, this work collectively demonstrates a
dose-independent effect of aspirin on the platelet transcriptome that
counteracts the well-known antiplatelet effects of aspirin.
Some applications of the Hermit-Hadamard inequality for log-convex functions in quantum divergence
Authors: Hassanzad Fatemeh , Mehri-Dehnavi Hossien , Agahi Hamzeh
Published: July 2021

One of the beautiful and very simple inequalities for a convex function
is the Hermit-Hadamard inequality [S. Mehmood, et. al. Math. Methods
Appl. Sci., 44 (2021) 3746], [S. Dragomir, et. al., Math. Methods
Appl. Sci., in press]. The concept of log-convexity is a stronger
property of convexity. Recently, the refined Hermit-Hadamard’s
inequalities for log-convex functions were introduced by researchers
[C. P. Niculescu, Nonlinear Anal. Theor., 75 (2012) 662]. In this
paper, by the Hermit-Hadamard inequality, we introduce two parametric
Tsallis quantum relative entropy, two parametric Tsallis-Lin quantum
relative entropy and two parametric quantum Jensen-Shannon divergence in
quantum information theory. Then some properties of quantum
Tsallis-Jensen-Shannon divergence for two density matrices are
investigated by this inequality. \newline
\textbf{Keywords:} \textit{
Hermit-Hadamard’s inequality; log-convexity; Density matrices; Quantum
relative entropy; Tsallis quantum relative entropy; quantum
Jensen-Shannon divergence divergence.
Farmacologix 1.0 Alternativa pedagógica en el área de la farmacología clínica y terapéutica veterinaria
Authors: Bothia José Luis , Tolosa Narciso José , Díaz Audel J. , Jaramillo Hernández Dumar Alexander
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue elaborar un software (sistema de registro de datos de escritorio) educativo basado en el área de Farmacología Veterinaria. El proyecto surge de la necesidad de solucionar dificultades importantes relacionadas con la consecución de datos y veracidad de los mismos, dificultad atribuida a la complejidad de los elementos que componen esta área del conocimiento; la dispersión y falta de sistematización de información ya existente es una constante que origina los problemas básicos de la actividad de prescripción a nivel de campo y el estudio de la farmacología veterinaria. Se eligió implementar un sistema de información como un instrumento de ayuda educativa donde se centralizó y se creó un compendio de información de Farmacología Clínica y Terapéutica Veterinaria, partiendo del conocimiento contenido en fuentes bibliográficas, documentales y humanas, entre otras. Esta aplicación permite que las personas registradas como administrador realicen aportes a la base de datos, actualizaciones congruentes con el contexto y la evolución de las ciencias farmacológicas y las personas que no cuentan con este beneficio, puedan consultar esta información sin restricciones. El proceso de desarrollo utilizado para la generación de Farmacologix 1.0 sigue la metodología de programación extrema donde se utilizó la herramienta PostgreSQL versión 8.4 para Windows 32 bits 1 de julio de 2009, publicado bajo la licencia BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution); dirigido por una comunidad de desarrolladores denominada el PGDG (PostgreSQL Global Development Group.), como gestor para las bases de datos y Java 18 en la generación del interfaz de presentación al usuario. Como resultado de la creación del software Farmacologix 1.0, se obtiene una presentación de la información de manera sencilla y ágil para los usuarios que se conecten a la red de área local del Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Universidad de los Llanos, en la cual se podrá obtener información contextualizada y centralizada de los fármacos de distribución nacional y regional con usos en la medicina veterinaria. Este software fue basado en el microdiseño del curso de Farmacología Veterinaria del Programa de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de los Llanos.
Valor nutricional de forraje de Pízamo (Erythrina glauca) ensilado con diferentes niveles de melaza y harina de arroz
Authors: Ordoñez R. Orlando , Díaz Ll. Giovana , Roa Vega María Ligia
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de esta de investigación fue evaluar el ensilaje de forraje de Pízamo (Erythrina glauca) en su calidad nutricional, para ser utilizado posteriormente en la alimentación animal de en el Piedemonte Llanero de Colombia. Se preparó ensilaje de forraje de Pízamo, en silo-bolsa con tres niveles de melaza: 10%, 15% y 20%, se tomó la mitad del material picado al cual se le había aplicado los diferentes niveles de melaza y se le adicionó un 3% de harina de arroz por tratamiento, quedando la otra mitad del material sin harina, conformando así las diferentes alternativas del ensilaje, para ser analizados en cuatro tiempos de maduración: inicial, treinta, sesenta y noventa días; con tres repeticiones cada uno; conformando un diseño experimental completamente al azar con un arreglo factorial de 3X4X2, siendo respectivamente para tratamientos, tiempos y adición de harina de arroz: Se utilizó análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey. Las variables evaluadas fueron: Materia seca, proteína, fibra cruda, grasa, extracto no nitrógenado (ENN), cenizas, fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA) y degradabilidad ruminal de la materia seca (DMS). El contenido de materia del ensilaje se aumentó (P<0.05) cuando se incrementaron los niveles de melaza y se adicionó harina de arroz, mientras que el tiempo de maduración no influyó (P>0.05) en el contenido de MS. El contenido de proteína se disminuye (P<0.05) a medida que aumenta el tiempo de maduración, pero se incrementa (P<0.05) cuando se adiciona harina de arroz. La fibra cruda, la FDN y la FDA se disminuyeron (P<0.05) a medida que se incrementaba el tiempo de maduración. Lo contrario sucedió con la DMS a las 72 horas, la cual se fue incrementado (P<0.05) a medida que se aumentaba el tiempo de maduración. La DMS en las diferentes horas de degradación fue mínima, observándose un comportamiento similar (P>0.05) en cada una de las horas evaluadas (6, 12, 24, 48 y 72). La DMS fue rápida en las primeras 6 horas, llegando a un 39%, promedio de todos los tratamientos, el incremento en las siguientes horas fue: 2%, 8%, 11% y 13, 7%, respectivamente, lo cual indica que la degradación fue lenta después de las 6 horas hasta las 72 horas. El contenido de grasa y cenizas no se afectó con ningún tratamiento. Se puede concluir que la fibra cruda, la FDN, FDA se afectan con la fermentación de los microorganismos, puesto que rompen las paredes celulares, ocasionando una disminución, lo cual permite una mayor degradabilidad en el rumen.
La gestión de la innovación y de la transferencia de tecnologías. Experiencia de la estación experimental "Indio Hatuey"
Authors: Lamela López Luis , Simón L. , Suárez J. , Pérez A.
Published: July 2021

La ganadería cubana, al igual que la del resto de Latinoamérica, necesita tecnologías novedosas que sean sostenibles desde los puntos de vista ambiental, socioeconómico y técnico–productivo, si se considera la definición de Desarrollo Sostenible brindada por la FAO (1990). Algunas de estas tecnologías son los Sistemas Silvopastoriles y la relativa a la producción, beneficio y conservación de semillas de plantas forrajeras, desarrolladas por la Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes "Indio Hatuey" para la ganadería. Asimismo, Cuba es un país con escasos recursos energéticos y se ve obligada a importar casi todo el petróleo que necesita para mantener su producción. Por ello, una vía para el país lo constituye el desarrollo de sistemas sustentables de producción pecuaria como los mencionados anteriormente, que dependan de los recursos locales que estén disponibles. El país destina más de 2´500.000 hectáreas de pastizales para la ganadería, pero su baja productividad constituye un problema que es necesario solucionar para producir suficiente cantidad de leche y carne destinada a una población que ha ido en constante aumento. Los pastos mejorados, en la década de los años 80, llegaron a superar el 50% del área agrícola de la ganadería en el país, pero actualmente solo alcanzan el 19%. El 58% está cubierto por pastos naturales y por malezas, entre las que se destacan el aroma y el marabú, que cubren el 39% del área agrícola total de los pastizales. No menos importante es también el alto porcentaje que hoy ocupan el espartillo y el caguazo. En la actualidad la fertilidad de los suelos ganaderos decrece, y como consecuencia, la producción de biomasa de los pastizales ha disminuido y los pastos se han degradado. Esto ha traído serias consecuencias para la ganadería vacuna, al reducirse los rendimientos de leche y carne e incrementarse los costos de producción animal. Las causas de este deterioro son múltiples, entre las que se destacan el pastoreo excesivo, la disminución de la fertilidad del suelo, el pobre papel que han desempeñado las leguminosas herbáceas en los pastizales, la invasión de malezas, las sequías y la erosión. La renovación y la recuperación de los pastizales deben constituir la tarea fundamental para disponer, a corto y mediano plazo, de una base alimentaria en cantidad y calidad suficientes para sostener la masa bovina, y por ende, contribuir eficazmente a la recuperación de la ganadería.
Digestibilidad asociada de ramio (Boehmeria nivea graud) en dietas acompañadas con concentrados en conejos
Authors: Burgos Daniel , Virviéscas Gustavo , Peña F. , Pérez M. , Benítez M. , Roa Vega María Ligia
Published: July 2021

El experimento se desarrolló en la granja Barcelona de la Universidad de los Llanos, el objetivo fue determinar la digestibilidad in vivo del ramio (Boehmeria nivea graud), para demostrar el aporte nutricional de este forraje. Se utilizaron 16 conejos, peso promedio 3.200 ± 100 gramos, divididos en 4 grupos que fueron alojados en jaulas, las dietas suministradas fueron: Tratamiento 1: 100% de la dieta fue ramio ad libitum (T1), Tratamiento 2: Ramio ad libitum y 0.5% del peso vivo (PV) en concentrado comercial (CC) (T2), Tratamiento 3: Ramio ad libitum y 1% del PV en CC (T3) y Tratamiento 4: Ramio ad libitum y 1,5% del PV en CC (T4). Se tomaron datos durante 14 días de los cuales cuatro días fueron de adaptación del alimento y diez de recolección de muestras. El diseño fue completamente al azar con diez repeticiones y 4 tratamientos. Las variables evaluadas fueron: consumo de forrajes, excreción por heces, digestibilidades: Materia seca (MS), proteína, grasa, extracto no nitrogenado (ENN) y fibra cruda (FC), y % de nutrientes digestibles totales (NDT) y cálculos de: Energía digestible (ED) y energía metabolizable (EM). Las digestibilidades asociadas de la materia seca, la proteína y ENN fueron menores (p<0.05) en T1, mientras que en la grasa no se observó diferencias entre tratamientos. Se demostró que el aumento de concentrado tiene una relación directamente proporcional con al incremento del porcentaje de NDT y la digestibilidad asociada de la MS y la proteína.
Uso de antibióticos en la nutrición animal
Authors: Toro Baquero Freddy Alexander
Published: July 2021

Los sistemas productivos pecuarios han ido cambiando a medida que la población en el mundo va aumentando, este crecimiento social tan elevado a llevado a las explotaciones intensivas a necesitar cada día más animales y mejores tecnologías de producción. El crecimiento de los sistemas productivos a favorecido a la aparición de enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias que requieren el uso de fármacos con fines terapéuticos o profilácticos, adicionalmente el uso de estos productos está siendo utilizados fraudulentamente como promotores de crecimiento, además son utilizados como reductores de estrés para el momento del transporte mejorando así la calidad del producto. El uso de fármacos en la producción animal no está siendo controlado ni supervisado por las entidades pertinentes lo cual trae como consecuencia el uso inadecuado de medicamentos en las explotaciones. A nivel mundial la producción de fármacos para la sanidad animal aporta más de 14.900 millones de dólares los cuales el 59,8% corresponden a los productos destinados a los sistemas productivos, de los cuales los antiparasitarios representan el 28,4%, biológicos (vacunas) 22,6%, antibióticos 15,8%, aditivos medicamentosos 13% y otros 20,2%.
La producción de forrajes para bovinos y su interacción con medio ambiente
Authors: Hernández Martínez María Cristina , Lozada C.C. , Toro Baquero Freddy Alexander
Published: July 2021

Siendo los forrajes la principal fuente de alimentación de los bovinos, es fundamental el manejo adecuado. Además, esto aunado al tipo de pastoreo, puede o no generar efectos positivos medioambientales. Infortunadamente la ganadería tropical se ha caracterizado por ser un modelo de producción con grandes extensiones de tierra y poca diversidad de especies forrajeras, siendo la degradación de las pasturas y de los suelos el principal problema al que se deben enfrentar los productores al disminuir la oferta de forrajes, lo que los conduce a trabajar en sistemas insostenibles económicamente, aumentando el peso moral, por el cambio dado en el uso de la tierra en los últimos 50 años al deforestar los bosques nativos (más del 77%), con el fin de dedicarlas a la producción de forraje verde que por el mal manejo terminan convirtiéndose en un fracaso ambiental.
Determinación de parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos de la leche en el municipio de Chipaque Cundinamarca y su comercialización (Colombia)
Authors: Vanegas D.B. , Martínez Manuel
Published: July 2021

En el municipio de Chipaque, Cundinamarca, Colombia, las explotaciones lecheras se enmarcan dentro del sistema doble propósito, se parte de razas seleccionadas como tal, siendo la predominante normando, con cruces con Holstein y animales criollos, ordeñando con la presencia del ternero. Es de anotar que la comercialización de la leche continúa realizándose sin tener en cuenta la calidad del producto, pagándose únicamente por volumen, lo que no incentiva un esfuerzo por parte del productor para mejorar la calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica de este alimento, Con base en las consideraciones anteriores, la Universidad de los Llanos, por medio de sus programas de proyección social y una estudiante propuso, llevar a cabo un diagnóstico en el cual se determinó la calidad de la leche, y las características de su comercialización en Chipaque, para lo cual se identificaron los parámetros constituyentes de la leche y se analizó su comercialización. Para realizar el estudio se aplicaron encuestas a los productores y a los comercializadores de la leche, los resultados fueron que Chipaque tiene aproximadamente 2.300 vacas lactantes dedicadas a la producción comercial de leche bajo el sistema doble propósito y 99 vacas destinadas al sistema de lechería intensiva. La producción diaria de leche es aproximadamente 13.800 litros y un promedio de 6 litros vaca al día, la producción se ve aumenta en la temporada de lluvias. La leche se comercializa en un 100% como leche cruda con destino del 65% para fábricas de derivados lácteos, el 30% con intermediarios y un 5% la vende el productor. A pesar de contar con un porcentaje significativo (7%) de vacas Holstein el manejo dado es el mismo del sistema doble propósito, ordeño con el ternero al lado y cría de machos y hembras con destete entre los 8 a 13 meses de edad (97%), solamente el 3% de los productores desteta al primer día. Es importante resaltar la calidad físico-química de la leche la cual arroja un 12.77% de sólidos totales y un 87.23% de agua de constitución.
Determinación de la digestibilidad y degradabilidad cecal y total de materias primas como: guaratara (Axonopus purpusii) y hojas de plátano (Musa sp) en chigüiros (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) en cautiverio y su relación con indicadores metabólicos
Authors: Ochoa Miguel H. , Céspedes Olinda Y. , Fuentes Reyes Edgar Edilberto
Published: July 2021

El propósito de la investigación fue determinar la digestibilidad y degradabilidad cecal y total en chigüiros (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) en cautiverio, lo cual se realizó en el municipio dé Paz de Ariporo, vereda Normandía, finca la Providencia ubicada a cuatro (4) horas del casco urbano en el departamento del Casanare; con el fin de determinar la composición nutricional del pasto guaratara (Axonopus purpusii) y hojas de plátano (Musa sp.), como base de la alimentación de chigüiros en cautiverio. Se utilizaron cuatro (4) animales clínicamente sanos, de peso promedio entre 30 kg y 35 kg con un diseño experimental en cuadrado latino, conformados por parejas y sometidos a etapas de acostumbramiento - adaptación de ocho (8) días, periodo en el cual se suministró guaratara (Axonopus purpusii) y hojas de plátano (Musa sp.) y agua diariamente a voluntad. Se realizó el proceso de digestibilidad cecal y total con bolsas móviles. Las dos fuentes alimenticias fueron previamente sometidas a secado y posteriormente molido para ser incorporados en las bolsas móviles y recolectado en la materia fecal, para ser enviado al laboratorio, con el fin de realizar el análisis bromatológico (FDA, FDN, PC, grasa, carbohidratos, y cenizas). Para determinar la digestibilidad total, las bolsas fueron introducidas mediante sonda oro gástrica y la digestibilidad cecal se determinó por fistula cecal (cánula cecal y cánula de PVC en ciego). En cada uno de los ensayos se hizo recolección de suero sanguíneo para hacer la correlación de perfiles metabólicos con el grado de digestibilidad. Se tomaron muestras de suelo para su respectivo análisis. Se concluye que la hoja de plátano es altamente palatable al igual que el guaratara. Además la metodología fue pertinente para la recolección de los datos.
Análisis comparativo de la ceba de cerdos en un sistema de cama profunda y piso de concreto en una granja comercial de Villavicencio, Colombia
Authors: Arango C. Faber E. , Alvarez H. Ernesto , Hurtado Nery Víctor Libardo
Published: July 2021

En una granja comercial del corregimiento No. 1 de Villavicencio, Meta, a 800 m.s.n.m, con una temperatura entre 18 y 24ºC y humedad relativa de 85%, se cebaron 140 cerdos, 40 en sistema de piso en concreto y 100 en sistema de cama profunda, alojados en dos corrales de piso en concreto y cuatro de cama profunda y distribuidos en un diseño de bloques al azar con dos tratamientos, cama profunda y piso en concreto, y dos repeticiones, utilizando cascarilla de arroz como cama. Los parámetros productivos de los dos sistemas fueron promediados y ajustados a 105 días de permanencia para posteriormente analizarlos comparativamente. No se encontraron diferencias (P > 0,05) en conversión alimenticia ni tampoco en ganancia diaria de peso entre los dos sistemas evaluados. Se hallaron deferencias (P < 0,05) en consumo diario de alimento y se presentó una mortalidad de 4 y 0% para cama profunda y piso en concreto, respectivamente; aunque los animales alojados en sistema de cama profunda tuvieron una mayor incidencia de patologías, cama profunda fue 1% más rentable que piso en concreto, por producción y venta de compost, adicionalmente tuvo un mejor manejo de residuos y a un menor costo.