bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Climate, Uplift and Erosion Shaped the Alpine Topography
Authors: Valla Pierre G. , Sternai Pietro , Fox Matthew
Published: April 2021

Decades of scientific research on the European Alps have helped quantify the vast array of processes that shape the Earth’s surface. Patterns in rock exhumation, surface erosion and topographic changes can be compared to sediment yields preserved in sedimentary basins or collected from modern rivers. Erosion-driven isostatic uplift explains up to ~50% of the modern geodetic rock uplift rates; the remaining uplift reveals the importance of internal processes (tectonics, deep-seated geodynamics) and external processes (glacial rebound, topographic changes). We highlight recent methodological and conceptual developments that have contributed to our present view of the European Alps, and we provide suggestions on how to fill the gaps in our understanding.
The moment of termination of corporate legal relations
Authors: Isaieva K.O.
Published: April 2021

The long-term nature of corporate legal relations necessitates the theoretical selection of certain moments of their emergence, change and termination. The update of the corporate legislation has necessitated a review of the established positions on the moment of termination of corporate legal relations, analysis and study of the legislation and resolution of problems that arise in connection with its application. The introduction of the institution of consent in corporate legal relations necessitated a scientific rethinking of certain aspects of the mechanism of termination of corporate legal relations. The article investigates the main scientific approaches to determining the moment of termination of corporate legal relations, analyzes the moment of termination of corporate legal relations depending on the grounds for their termination.
Based on four main approaches to determining the moment of termination of corporate legal relations, the positions of scientists who adhere to them are studied, changes to the current corporate legislation are analyzed, inconsistencies regarding the moment of termination of corporate legal relations are revealed. The peculiarities of the moment of termination of corporate legal relations in case of alienation of a share (part of a share) in the authorized capital of the company, exclusion of a participant from the company, its withdrawal, withdrawal, recovery from the defendant (claim from his possession) to a share (part of the share) are analyzed. Peculiarities of state registration of changes in information about a legal entity in the aspect of determining the moment of termination of corporate legal relations are determined. A position has been formed regarding the application of a separate approach to determining the moment of termination of corporate legal relations on certain grounds for termination of corporate legal relations and suggested ways to resolve existing inconsistencies in corporate law regarding certain grounds for termination of corporate legal relations.
Common and distinctive features of judicial and extrajudicial mediation in disputes concerning appeals against decisions, actions or omissions of subjects of power
Authors: Yusko I. M.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the place of disputes over appeals against decisions, actions or omissions of the subjects of power in modern conditions. Some scientific views on the classification of types and kinds of mediation as a legal institution are analyzed. Existing models of mediation are identified. It is stated that in the Ukrainian legal system there are two possible models of mediation: judicial and extrajudicial. The own concept of «judicial mediation» is formulated. It is argued that judicial mediation is provided by administrative procedural law in the form of dispute resolution with the participation of a judge. The content of out-of-court mediation and its significance in administrative disputes are revealed. Features and signs of judicial and extrajudicial mediation are described. It is stated that judicial mediation is rarely used in administrative proceedings, and there are no mechanisms for the use of out-of-court mediation. The essence of judicial and extrajudicial within the framework of resolving disputes concerning appeals against decisions, actions or omissions of subjects of power has been studied. Modern scientific approaches to the ratio of components of judicial, extrajudicial mediation and litigation are generalized. It is proved that in science there is no single approach to the characteristics of extrajudicial and judicial mediation. For the first time, the author provides a comparative description of the main elements of judicial and extrajudicial mediation in disputes concerning the appeal of decisions, actions or omissions of the subjects of power. The role of judicial and extrajudicial mediation as legal institutions is defined. The possibility of using judicial and extrajudicial mediation in disputes concerning appeals against decisions, actions or omissions of subjects of power has been established. The basic principles of judicial and extrajudicial mediation are formulated. The status of a mediator in judicial and extrajudicial mediation is revealed. The functions of the mediator are highlighted. The duration of judicial and out-of-court mediation procedures is stipulated. The cost of judicial and extrajudicial mediation procedures is substantiated. The essence and content of the result of judicial and extrajudicial mediation procedures are determined. It is proved that judicial and extrajudicial mediation in disputes with public authorities and their officials have their advantages and disadvantages. In particular, it was found that, compared to judicial, out-of-court mediation in disputes over appeals against decisions, actions or omissions of subjects of power is a more effective conciliation procedure, but there are questions about the level of professionalism and education of the mediator. Ways are provided to improve the implementation of judicial and extrajudicial mediation in resolving disputes concerning appeals against decisions, actions or omissions of the subjects of power.
Topical problems of legislative regulation of defense mandatory participation in criminal proceeding
Authors: Korcheva T.V.
Published: April 2021

For a certain category of persons in particular cases legislator provides for a special procedure of criminal proceedings as well as mandatory participation of a defender (Article 52, The Code of Criminal Procedure) to create additional person defense guarantees in criminal proceedings. The article is devoted to study of problem aspects of legislative regulation of defense mandatory participation in criminal proceedings. The importance of defense mandatory participation is emphasized as rendering legal aid to a person in criminal proceedings.

This article is devoted to study the importance of the mandatory participation of a defender in criminal proceedings and on the basis of obtained data, with due consideration of international standards of human rights protection in criminal proceedings, to submit substantiated author’s proposals as regards the expansion of the circle of grounds for the mandatory participation of a defender in Ukrainian criminal proceedings.

Within the topic of study we analyzed criminal procedural legislation in force, research works in this area, decisions of European Court oh Human Rights, aiming to reveal deficiencies in law and submit author’s proposals as regards their elimination.

 According to normative sense of Article 52, The Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine, the article gives classification of the grounds for mandatory participation of a defender depending on: 1) consideration of severity of a crime; 2) consideration of personal data of a defendant held criminally liable; 3) peculiarities of criminal proceedings.

 Proposals are presented aimed to improve legislative regulation of Ukrainian criminal procedural law. It is proposed to add one more reason connected to the circumstance that the defendant denies suspicion against him/her and/or denies his/her guilt in commission of criminal offense. The proposal consists in addition to Article 52, Part 2, The Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine of new Item 10 postulating the mandatory participation of a defender in criminal proceedings against persons who deny a suspicion as specified in Suspicion Notice on deny pleading guilty at court session.
Ukrainian state of hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky: ideals and realities of the state
Authors: Rumiantsev V.
Published: April 2021

The article reflects the main processes of building during the development of the Ukrainian state of Hetman P. Skoropadsky. P. Skoropadsky's views on the Ukrainian nation, the Ukrainian state and its form, the relationship of the then political and national forces, the place of Ukraine in the geopolitical space of that time, the main directions and content of the state process, its achievements and miscalculations are analyzed. The views of P. Skoropadsky on the content of the state process in Ukraine in 1918 are analyzed. First of all, on the form of the Ukrainian state - independent or federal. We are talking about the form of government of the Ukrainian state and its political regime. Internal and external factors that influenced this are analyzed. The content of the main directions of activity of the hetman government is investigated both inside the state (central and local government, judicial system, armed forces, agrarian policy, social and cultural construction) and outside (international recognition, establishment of diplomatic relations). It is concluded that the emergence of the Ukrainian state of Hetman P. Skoropadsky was a continuation of the process of creation during the Ukrainian revolution of 1917-1921. This process took place in difficult conditions of the First World War and this circumstance determined the peculiar form of the Ukrainian state and its activities, sometimes they were contradictory and had disagreements with the ideals of the state, which ultimately led to the decline of the Ukrainian state.
Mediator in the Polish civil trial
Authors: Khmelyazh Krzysztof
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the results of research on the functioning of judicial mediation in civil cases. The effectiveness of mediation is assessed on the basis of the number of concluded settlements or discontinued proceedings as a result of approval of the settlement concluded before the mediator. In the course of the research, the reasons for too low in relation to the expected popularity of mediation were identified, both among the society and professionals related to mediation. For over a dozen years the provisions on mediation have been in force, it has provided many observations and conclusions regarding their functioning.
Field demonstration of breathable laminate-lined container-based toilets in Kanpur, India
Authors: Saxena Shray , Srivastava Puneet K. , Dentel Steven K. , Imhoff Paul T. , Cha Daniel K.
Published: April 2021

Drying of fecal sludge (FS) enclosed in a breathable, hydrophobic membrane laminate was investigated in 208 and 40 L container-based toilet (CBS) systems referred to as Eco-Vapor toilets (EVTs). EVTs were constructed and pilot tested in four households in urban slums of Kanpur, India over a period of 2 years. The average moisture losses of 0.8 and 0.9 kg/day were observed in laminate-lined 208 L drums for Year 1 tests, and this in situ drying decreases disposal frequency by 8 days compared with CBS that do not allow FS drying. In Year 2, smaller EVTs with 40 L laminate-lined drums and waste segregation increased replacement time over conventional CBS by 45%, as opposed to the 19% increase observed in Year 1 tests. Despite its limitations, the stagnant film model using meteorological data predicted the mass-loss rate within 52 and 28% error for the 208 and 40 L drums, respectively.
Application of machine learning algorithms for flood susceptibility assessment and risk management
Authors: Madhuri R. , Sistla S. , Srinivasa Raju K.
Published: April 2021

Assessing floods and their likely impact in climate change scenarios will enable the facilitation of sustainable management strategies. In this study, five machine learning (ML) algorithms, namely (i) Logistic Regression, (ii) Support Vector Machine, (iii) K-nearest neighbor, (iv) Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) and (v) Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), were tested for Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), India, to evaluate their clustering abilities to classify locations (flooded or non-flooded) for climate change scenarios. A geo-spatial database, with eight flood influencing factors, namely, rainfall, elevation, slope, distance from nearest stream, evapotranspiration, land surface temperature, normalised difference vegetation index and curve number, was developed for 2000, 2006 and 2016. XGBoost performed the best, with the highest mean area under curve score of 0.83. Hence, XGBoost was adopted to simulate the future flood locations corresponding to probable highest rainfall events under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), namely, 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 along with other flood influencing factors for 2040, 2056, 2050 and 2064, respectively. The resulting ranges of flood risk probabilities are predicted as 39–77%, 16–39%, 42–63% and 39–77% for the respective years.
Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in BRICS and the European Union
Authors: Cyman D. , Gromova E. , Juchnevicius E.
Published: April 2021

Global digitization and the emergence of Artificial Intelligence-based technologies pose challenges for all countries. The BRICS and European Union countries are no exception. BRICS as well as the European Union seek to strengthen their positions as leading actors on the world stage. At the present time, an essential means of doing so is for BRICS and the EU to implement smart policy and create suitable conditions for the development of digital technologies, including AI. For this reason, one of the most important tasks for BRICS and the EU is to develop an adequate approach to the regulation of AI-based technologies. This research paper is an analysis of the current approaches to the regulation of AI at the BRICS group level, in each of the BRICS countries, and in the European Union. The analysis is based on the application of comparative and formal juridical analysis of the legislation of the selected countries on AI and other digital technologies. The results of the analysis lead the authors to conclude that it is necessary to design ageneral approach to the regulation of these technologies for the BRICS countries similar to the approach chosen in the EU (the trustworthy approach) and to upgrade this legislation to achieve positive effects from digital transformation. The authors offer several suggestions for optimization of the provisions of the legislation, including designing a model legal act in the sphere of AI.
Rituximab for the Treatment of Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) with Pulmonary and Central Nervous System Involvement
Authors: Strunz Patrick-Pascal , Fröhlich Matthias , Gernert Michael , Schwaneck Eva C. , Nagler Lea-Kristin , Kroiss Anja , Tony Hans-Peter , Schmalzing Marc
Published: April 2021

Background:

Granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) represents a typical form of pulmonary manifestation of CVID. Except for glucocorticoid- and immunoglobulin-administration, no standardized treatment recommendations exist.

Objective:

To investigate our CVID-patients with GLILD for the applied immunosuppressive regimen, with a focus on rituximab.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of all CVID-patients for the manifestation and treatment of GLILD at a single German center was performed in this study. For the evaluation of treatment-response, CT-imaging and pulmonary function testing were used.

Results:

50 patients were identified for the diagnosis of a CVID. 12% (n = 6) have radiological and/or histological confirmed diagnosis of a GLILD. Three patients received rituximab in a dose of 2 x 1000mg, separated by 2 weeks repeatedly. All patients showed radiological response and stabilization or improvement of the pulmonary function. Rituximab was used in one patient over 13 years with repeated treatment-response. Furthermore, the synchronic central nervous system-involvement of a GLILD-patient also responded to rituximab-treatment. With sufficient immunoglobulin-replacement-therapy, the occurring infections were manageable without the necessity of intensive care treatment.

Conclusion:

Rituximab might be considered as an effective and relatively safe treatment for CVID-patients with GLILD.
Resistance and counter hegemony of Ma'ya tribe to bureaucratic hegemony practices in Raja Ampat, West Papua
Authors: Mentansan George , Ardhana Phil I Ketut , Suarka I Nyoman , Dhana I Nyoman
Published: April 2021

The establishment of a regional marine conservation area in Raja Ampat is a hegemonic practice carried out by the Raja Ampat bureaucracy with conservation NGOs, such as TNC and CI which has reaped various responses. There are people who accept the presence of conservation areas and those who do not. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the resistance and counter-hegemony responses of the Ma'ya tribe in the conservation area to the practice of bureaucratic hegemony in Raja Ampat, West Papua. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection by observation, in-depth interviews, FGD and documentation, and the results of the research are presented in a descriptive narrative. The results of the study show that the resistance of the Ma'ya tribe in Raja Ampat to bureaucratic hegemony in the conservation area is through blocking and taking over the monitoring post of the conservation area; prosecution of customary land rights, and reluctance to involve themselves in conservation activities. Counter-hegemony practices are carried out through the formation of customary fishing areas and the struggle for the establishment of regional regulations regarding the rights of indigenous Ma'ya tribes.
Method of adjusting fuel equipment of a diesel locomotive by heat release feature under operating conditions
Authors: KON’KOV A. Yu. , TRUNOV A. I. , GUR’YANOVA A. D.
Published: April 2021

Diesel engines supply mechanical power to almost half of the locomotives of the Russian railways. To ensure the passport characteristics of a diesel locomotive during the entire period of operation, periodic adjustment of the fuel supply equipment is required. When adjusting it, it is necessary to ensure the balance of power between the diesel cylinders while not exceeding the protective parameters for the maximum combustion pressure and the temperature of the exhaust gases. This is achieved due to the identity of the cyclic fuel supply through the diesel cylinders and the close correspondence of the fuel supply advance angles between different cylinders. Existing methods of tuning the fuel supply equipment don’t allow performing the adjustment with the required accuracy or are too complicated and laborious to implement. This article proposes theoretically substantiated and experimentally tested method for adjusting the cyclic supply and the fuel supply advance angle based on the results of measuring the pressure in the cylinder through a standard indicator channel under operating conditions. The indicator diagram is used to calculate the characteristics of active heat release, which are used to determine the relative parameters featuring the state of the fuel supply equipment. The performed computational study showed that the proposed parameters are equivalent to the relative cyclic fuel supply and the relative advance angle of the fuel supply. An experimental check, carried out on a single-cylinder compartment of OCH18/22 engine with hydromechanical fuel equipment, showed the possibility of adjusting the fuel supply equipment by the proposed method with satisfactory accuracy.
Increasing railway capacity with the installation of reactive power compensation
Authors: GERMAN L. A.
Published: April 2021

The article considers existing regulated installations of transverse capacitive compensation for increasing the capacity of sections of the traction network of 25 and 2×25 kV of Russian railways. Characteristics of a static reactive power generator based on bipolar IGBT transistors (manufactured by LLC NPP “RU-Engineering”, Naberezhnye Chelny), a switchable filtercompensating unit (manufactured by the Gorkovskaya Railway and the Nizhny Novgorod branch of SamGUPS), a three-stage switchable filter-compensating unit. To increase the capacity, all installations are switched on at the traction network sectioning posts. Long-term operation of the static reactive power generator and switchable filter-compensating unit have proven their operational efficiency. At the same time, the following upgrades are proposed: in a static reactive power generator it is proposed to reduce the installed power, replacing it with unregulated compensation, and in a switchable filter-compensating installation, it is proposed to switch in 400–500 V steps to normalize the traction mode of the electric rolling stock.It is shown that in terms of technical characteristics, a switchable filter-compensating installation with a thyristor switch is not inferior to a static generator of reactive power in terms of increasing the capacity, and in some respects it surpasses it. On the whole, in terms of payback period, a switchable filter-compensating installation surpasses a static generator of reactive power due to the high cost of the latter. The following options for using the considered installations are proposed. With the required power of transverse capacitive compensation units up to 5–6 MVAr, to increase the capacity, switchable filter-compensating units should be installed. Taking into account real loads, such a solution will be implemented at most sectioning posts. For installations with a capacity of more than 5–6 MVAr, the option of using a static reactive power generator of reduced power should be considered: at high loads, its efficiency will increase.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC: DIRECTED OR NATURAL FLUCTUATION THAT CHANGES THE WORLD
Authors: Naumkina Olena
Published: April 2021

The article presents a synergetic interpretation of the nature, mechanism, and role of the Covid-19 pandemic as a fluctuation that has undergone nucleation in the global system. The choice of methodological bases of our research is due to the fact that synergetics is considered today one of the new promising ways to understand the processes taking place in society, in social systems at the turning points of their development. We assume that this Covid-19 pandemic became the critical fluctuation that quickly spread throughout the world. Today, the global system is in a state of imbalance, in which old connections and structures have been destroyed or are being destroyed, and new ones have not yet been formed. As a result, it fell into the bifurcation zone, where further development becomes unpredictable. The modern world is facing another challenge of history. Therefore, today it is extremely important to determine the range of possible attractors of further evolution of the global system and, at the same time, those that are achievable and favorable to humanity. From a philosophical point of view, we can talk about being that appears before our eyes, about the birth of a new reality in which we have to live. It was found that the synergetic methodology involves the creation (consciously) of the necessary conditions for the introduction into the system of the desired fluctuation with signs of a new desired quality, and promote its nucleation. This will lead to the formation of new organizational integrity and the transition to a new evolutionary channel of development. That is why today, various conspiracy theories about the origin of the Covid-19 pandemic are actively spreading. The attitude to them is ambiguous. However, several facts force us to analyze them and draw appropriate conclusions carefully. It is noted that the lack of reliable information does not yet allow us to give an unambiguous answer about the nature of this fluctuation. However, there is no doubt that it has become a powerful factor in forming a new reality, a bifurcation transition to a new – and, so far, not clearly defined – attractor of the evolution of the global system.
FASHION AS SIGN AND SYMBOLIC CONDITIONALITY: PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Ovsiankina Liudmyla , Kuprii Tetiana
Published: April 2021

The article is dedicated to revealing the specific features of fashion as a system of cultural and aesthetic values, as well as a contradictory social phenomenon which plays an important role as a symbolic regulator of mass society. The purpose of this article is to study the mechanism of creation of the sign and symbolic world of fashion, new models and patterns of behavior, evident and hidden functions of fashion in the era of globalization.  Attention is focused on the fact that fashion, as one of the central phenomenon of the modern world, has become an industry based on the principle of rationality, for the production of original trends, in line with the trends and challenges of modern times. It reflects social reality, and people who actively contribute to changing its fashion patterns set in motion models of social reality. It is the sociological study of fashion that can contribute to its most adequate description and explanation. This is due to the fact that the process of spreading and changing fashion patterns is characterized by the value attitude of people both to things and to other people. The result of such an attitude is the social division of people into groups. A fashionable thing, which is desirable for a person, at the same time becomes for him a desirable image of the social status and interpersonal relations to which a person aspires. The article analyzes modern fashion in terms of symbolic conditionality and symbolic reality characterized by features of sociality, temporality, ambivalence and spectacularity.  The main attention of authors of the study is devoted to the analysis of the specific behavior of a human-consumer, for whom the sign and symbolic world of fashion is not only a means of self-expression, but also an opportunity to fill the spiritual vacuum and feel a lost sense of stability.  Attention is also focused on the importance of solving the problem of ethics of responsibility of modern fashion, which is the determinants of all relations in the sphere of contemporary consumer society.
Place zabaw w mieście – dla wszystkich a nie tylko dla dzieci
Authors: Nałęcz Hanna , Ostrowska-Tryzno Anna , Pawlikowska-Piechotka Anna
Published: April 2021

Podczas gdy w przeszłości place zabaw były zazwyczaj przeznaczone tylko dla dzieci, dziś możemy obserwować więcej miejsc publicznych, terenów sportu i wypoczynku przeznaczonych dla wszystkich grup wiekowych, w tym osób dorosłych i w wieku podeszłym. Tradycyjne place zabaw wyposażone są w sprzęt rekreacyjny adresowany do użytkowników najmłodszych: huśtawki, zjeżdżalnie i karuzele, natomiast place zabaw o charakterze uniwersalnym mają również wyposażenie atrakcyjne dla osób dorosłych, takie jak boisko do koszykówki czy szachy. Te udogodnienia pozwalają rodzinom spędzać czas wspólnie, rozwijać koordynację fizyczną, siłę, elastyczność poczucia własnej wartości i umiejętności społeczne, a także zapewnić rekreację i przyjemność. Na podstawie publicznych placów zabaw mieszczących się w Warszawie autorzy próbowali odpowiedzieć na następujące pytania: które urządzenia pomagają pobudzać i rozwijać umiejętności społeczne, umysłowe i fizyczne oraz jakie są najczęstsze sugestie użytkowników w sprawie zmian i ulepszeń? Z wykorzystaniem badania terenowego (obserwacje uczestników, wywiady strukturalne i semistrukturalne) określono wiele czynników subiektywnych i obiektywnych, które mogłyby określić potencjał „inkluzyjnego terenu rekreacji”. Wyróżniono silne i słabe punkty placów zabaw (dostępność, lokalizację, atrakcyjność urządzeń, ich poziom bezpieczeństwa), a także oceniono relacje między zestawem urządzeń a płcią, grupą wiekową, stymulacją fizyczną i psychiczną – za pomocą przyjętych kryteriów. Uniwersalne, zintegrowane place zabaw (dla zróżnicowanych grup wiekowych) powinny być dostępne dla wszystkich członków społeczności, w tym seniorów i osób niepełnosprawnych. Aby to osiągnąć, należy przestrzegać podstawowych zasad: dostępności, infrastruktury przeznaczonej dla użytkowników o różnych możliwościach fizycznych i wieku, dostosowanych do oczekiwań i zainteresowań społeczności lokalnej. Jak się okazuje, inspirujące i ekscytujące urządzenia, atrakcyjnie urządzony i dostępny teren sportu i rekreacji jest ważny, aby zachęcić do codziennej aktywności fizycznej, ma znaczenie integrujące i pomaga w zacieśnianiu więzi społecznych. Artykuł powstał na podstawie materiału badań w ramach projektu statutowego ds. -300 AWF zrealizowanego w Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego Józefa Piłsudskiego w Warszawie, dzięki dotacji grantu Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego.
Piękno – geneza i funkcje
Authors: Pala Janusz
Published: April 2021

Piękno jest jedną z charakterystycznych cech harmonii świata. Spełnia ono również ważne funkcje biologiczne, sprzyjając przetrwaniu człowieka jako gatunku w warunkach naturalnych. Poczucie piękna ma charakter uniwersalny i jest uwarunkowane genetycznie. W wyniku tego rzeczy piękne były takimi zarówno dla człowieka pierwotnego, jak dla żyjącego współcześnie. Podstawą piękna jest symetria. Jednostkami symetrii są fraktale. Geometria fraktalna pozwala wykryć piękno ukryte w pozornie chaotycznych strukturach.
Urban renewal in post-industrial districts: the example of Lyon Metropolis
Authors: Coudroy de Lille Lydia , Bouloc Caroline
Published: April 2021

Urban renewal issues in France are very often discussed with reference to the demolition or renovation of large-scale housing estates. But these issues also concern former industrial areas which have their own distinct architectural, social, and economic difficulties. This article aims to present analysis of these differences using the example of two case studies in the Lyon metropolitan area, the second largest agglomeration in France. First, we outline the background of urban policy in France and Lyon in particular, together with mapping “priority geography” of urban policy in Lyon. Our two case studies, La Saulaie and Carré de Soie, are located in suburbs of the metropolis. Through our analysis of the social and spatial features of these two renewal projects which are currently under way, we demonstrate that urban renewal policies in France are multi-layered, and that the case of Lyon illustrates especially robust engagement on the part of local authorities. Tackling poverty and isolation are the priorities in La Saulaie. In Carré de Soie, the challenges are to create a public transportation hub, a new housing market, and to attract companies to this new secondary centre. We also show that urban renewal operations are not limited to the areas defined by the “priority geography”.
Czy Kazimierz Dolny jest pomnikiem historii?
Authors: Wieczorek Anna
Published: April 2021

Pozostaje bezspornym, że Kazimierz Dolny ma szczególne wartości dla kultury, a tym samym spełnia wymagania stawiane obiektowi, który chce się uznać za pomnik historii. Niestety, regulacje dotyczące ochrony zabytków: decyzje z 1966 r. i z 1983 r. o wpisie do rejestru zabytków oraz zarządzenie Prezydenta RP z 1994 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii Kazimierza Dolnego budzą szereg wątpliwości natury merytorycznej i prawnej – nie wiadomo czy obowiązują. Taka sytuacja wywołuje konflikty pomiędzy mieszkańcem Kazimierza Dolnego a władzami, w szczególności wojewódzkim konserwatorem zabytków. Dla zapewnienia Kazimierzowi Dolnemu odpowiedniej ochrony konserwatorskiej należy doprowadzić do wyeliminowania z obrotu prawnego ww. decyzji z 1966 r. i z 1983 r. oraz zarządzenia z 1994 r. Następnie powinno zostać wydane rozporządzenie Prezydenta RP w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii, które w sposób jednoznaczny określi przedmiot i zasady ochrony. Wydanie rozporządzenia trzeba poprzedzić badaniami, które w sposób jednoznaczny wskażą obszar podlegający ochronie oraz co i dlaczego na tym obszarze należy chronić. Artykuł należy traktować jako apel o likwidację chaosu prawnego dotyczącego zabytków. W podobnej sytuacji jak Kazimierz Dolny jest kilkanaście obiektów, które uznano za pomniki historii zarządzeniami Prezydenta RP wydanymi w 1994 r. Ochrona zabytków jest obowiązkiem zarówno władz, jak i społeczeństwa. Żeby była skuteczna, nie może być nacechowana uznaniowością. Tylko jednoznacznie, precyzyjnie ustalone obowiązki znajdą akceptacje społeczną, a bez niej trudno coś chronić. Ponadto potrzebna jest szeroko rozumiana edukacja. Karami nie wymusi się wrażliwości na piękno i szacunku dla historii. Uznanie za pomnik historii powinno być traktowane jako zaszczyt przez mieszkańców terenu, który ten status uzyskał, a nie jako „dopust boży”.
Impact of a Face-To-Face Versus Smartphone App Versus Combined Breastfeeding Intervention Targeting Fathers: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Scott Jane Anne , Burns Sharyn K , Hauck Yvonne L , Giglia Roslyn C , Jorgensen Anita M , White Becky Kate , Martin Annegret , Robinson Suzanne , Dhaliwal Satvinder S , Binns Colin W , Maycock Bruce R
Published: April 2021

Background

Despite the recognized health and economic benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, few Australian infants are exclusively breastfed beyond 5 months of age. Social support for breastfeeding, in particular the support of an infant’s father, has been identified as a crucial element for successful breastfeeding.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of various father-focused breastfeeding interventions in terms of key infant feeding outcomes.

Methods

The study was a 4-arm, factorial, randomized controlled trial conducted in Perth, Australia. The trial arms included a control group and 3 interventions, consisting of a face-to-face father-focused antenatal breastfeeding class facilitated by a male peer facilitator; Milk Man, a breastfeeding smartphone app designed specifically for fathers; and a combination of both interventions. Expecting couples were recruited from hospital-based antenatal classes and block randomized to 1 of the 4 arms. Each partner completed surveys at recruitment and at 6 weeks and 26 weeks postpartum. Primary outcomes were duration of exclusive and any breastfeeding. Secondary outcomes included age of introduction of formula and complementary foods, maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, and partner postpartum support.

Results

A total of 1426 couples were recruited from public (443/1426, 31.1%) and private (983/1426, 68.9%) hospitals. Of these, 76.6% (1092/1426) of fathers completed the baseline questionnaire, 58.6% (836/1426) completed the 6-week follow-up questionnaire, and 49.2% (702/1426) completed the 26-week follow-up questionnaire. The average age of fathers who completed the baseline questionnaire was 33.6 (SD 5.2) years; the majority were born in Australia (76.4%) and had attended university (61.8%). There were no significant differences between the control and any of the intervention groups in any of the infant feeding outcomes or level of breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum partner support reported by mothers.

Conclusions

This study did not demonstrate that any intervention was superior to another or that any intervention was inferior to the standard care delivered in routine antenatal classes. Further studies are needed to test the effectiveness of these interventions in more socioeconomically diverse populations that are likely to benefit most from additional partner supports.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12614000605695; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12614000605695

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1186/s12884-015-0601-5
COVID-19 Rehabilitation With Herbal Medicine and Cardiorespiratory Exercise: Protocol for a Clinical Study
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhong Linda L D , Quach Binh , Davies Bruce , Ash Garrett I , Lin Zhi-Xiu , Feng Yibin , Lau Benson W M , Wagner Peter D , Yang Xian , Guo Yike , Jia Wei , Bian Zhaoxiang , Baker Julien S
Published: April 2021

Background

Recent studies have revealed that many discharged patients with COVID-19 experience ongoing symptoms months later. Rehabilitation interventions can help address the consequences of COVID-19, including medical, physical, cognitive, and psychological problems. To our knowledge, no studies have investigated the effects of rehabilitation following discharge from hospital for patients with COVID-19.

Objective

The specific aims of this project are to investigate the effects of a 12-week exercise program on pulmonary fibrosis in patients recovering from COVID-19. A further aim will be to examine how Chinese herbal medicines as well as the gut microbiome and its metabolites regulate immune function and possibly autoimmune deficiency in the rehabilitation process.

Methods

In this triple-blinded, randomized, parallel-group, controlled clinical trial, we will recruit adult patients with COVID-19 who have been discharged from hospital in Hong Kong and are experiencing impaired lung function and pulmonary function. A total of 172 eligible patients will be randomized into four equal groups: (1) cardiorespiratory exercise plus Chinese herbal medicines group, (2) cardiorespiratory exercise only group, (3) Chinese herbal medicines only group, and (4) waiting list group (in which participants will receive Chinese herbal medicines after 24 weeks). These treatments will be administered for 12 weeks, with a 12-week follow-up period. Primary outcomes include dyspnea, fatigue, lung function, pulmonary function, blood oxygen levels, immune function, blood coagulation, and related blood biochemistry. Measurements will be recorded prior to initiating the above treatments and repeated at the 13th and 25th weeks of the study. The primary analysis is aimed at comparing the outcomes between groups throughout the study period with an α level of .05 (two-tailed).

Results

The trial has been approved by the university ethics committee following the Declaration of Helsinki (approval number: REC/19-20/0504) in 2020. The trial has been recruiting patients. The data collection will be completed in 24 months, from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022.

Conclusions

Given that COVID-19 and its sequelae would persist in human populations, important findings from this study would provide valuable insights into the mechanisms and processes of COVID-19 rehabilitation.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04572360; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04572360

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/25556
Telepsychiatry Consultation for Primary Care Treatment of Children and Adolescents Receiving Child Protective Services in Chile: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study
Authors: Mundt Adrian P , Irarrázaval Matías , Martínez Pablo , Fernández Olga , Martínez Vania , Rojas Graciela
Published: April 2021

Background

Children and adolescents living under the supervision of child protective services have complex mental health care needs. The scarcity and uneven distribution of specialized mental health teams in Chile may limit the provision and quality of care for this vulnerable population. Telepsychiatry can address such health inequities.

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a telepsychiatry consultation program for primary health care (PHC) treatment of children and adolescents living under the supervision of child protective services.

Methods

We developed a telepsychiatry consultation program for two rural PHC clinics located in central Chile (Valparaíso Region) and evaluated its implementation using a mixed methods study design. The program consisted of videoconferencing mental health consultation sessions scheduled twice per month (each 90 minutes long), over a 6-month period, delivered by child and adolescent psychiatrists based in Santiago, Chile. We described the number of mental health consultation sessions, participant characteristics, perceived usefulness and acceptability, and experiences with the telepsychiatry consultation program.

Results

During the 6-month study period, 15 videoconferencing mental health consultation sessions were held. The telepsychiatry consultation program assisted PHC clinicians in assigning the most adequate diagnoses and making treatment decisions on pharmacotherapy and/or psychotherapy of 11 minors with complex care needs. The intervention was perceived to be useful by PHC clinicians for improving the resolution capacity in the treatments of this patient population. Limitations such as connectivity issues were resolved in most sessions.

Conclusions

The telepsychiatry consultation program was feasible and potentially useful to support PHC clinicians in the management of institutionalized children and adolescents with complex psychosocial care needs living in a poorly resourced setting. A larger scale trial should assess clinical outcomes in the patient population. Regulations and resources for this service model are needed to facilitate sustainability and large-scale implementation.
Evaluation of an Intrahospital Telemedicine Program for Patients Admitted With COVID-19: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Legler Sean , Diehl Matthew , Hilliard Brian , Olson Andrew , Markowitz Rebecca , Tignanelli Christopher , Melton Genevieve B , Broccard Alain , Kirsch Jonathan , Usher Michael
Published: April 2021

Background

The increasing incidence of COVID-19 infection has challenged health care systems to increase capacity while conserving personal protective equipment (PPE) supplies and minimizing nosocomial spread. Telemedicine shows promise to address these challenges but lacks comprehensive evaluation in the inpatient environment.

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate an intrahospital telemedicine program (virtual care), along with its impact on exposure risk and communication.

Methods

We conducted a natural experiment of virtual care on patients admitted for COVID-19. The primary exposure variable was documented use of virtual care. Patient characteristics, PPE use rates, and their association with virtual care use were assessed. In parallel, we conducted surveys with patients and clinicians to capture satisfaction with virtual care along the domains of communication, medical treatment, and exposure risk.

Results

Of 137 total patients in our primary analysis, 43 patients used virtual care. In total, there were 82 inpatient days of use and 401 inpatient days without use. Hospital utilization and illness severity were similar in patients who opted in versus opted out. Virtual care was associated with a significant reduction in PPE use and physical exam rate. Surveys of 41 patients and clinicians showed high rates of recommendation for further use, and subjective improvements in communication. However, providers and patients expressed limitations in usability, medical assessment, and empathetic communication.

Conclusions

In this pilot natural experiment, only a subset of patients used inpatient virtual care. When used, virtual care was associated with reductions in PPE use, reductions in exposure risk, and patient and provider satisfaction.
Technology Acceptance and Usability of the BrainFx SCREEN in Canadian Military Members and Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Mixed Methods UTAUT Study
Authors: Jones Chelsea , Miguel-Cruz Antonio , Brémault-Phillips Suzette
Published: April 2021

Background

Canadian Armed Forces service members (CAF-SMs) and veterans exhibit higher rates of injuries and illnesses, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury, which can cause and exacerbate cognitive dysfunction. Computerized neurocognitive assessment tools have demonstrated increased reliability and efficiency compared with traditional cognitive assessment tools. Without assessing the degree of technology acceptance and perceptions of usability to end users, it is difficult to determine whether a technology-based assessment will be used successfully in wider clinical practice. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model is commonly used to address the technology acceptance and usability of applications in five domains.

Objective

This study aims to determine the technology acceptance and usability of a neurocognitive assessment tool, which was titled BrainFx SCREEN, among CAF-SMs and veterans with PTSD by using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model.

Methods

This mixed methods embedded pilot study included CAF-SMs and veterans (N=21) aged 18-60 years with a diagnosis of PTSD who completed pre- and postquestionnaires on the same day the BrainFx SCREEN was used. A partial least squares structural equation model was used to analyze the questionnaire results. Qualitative data were assessed using thematic analysis.

Results

Facilitating conditions, which were the most notable predictors of behavioral intention, increased after using the BrainFx SCREEN, whereas effort expectancy decreased. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social interaction were not factors that could predict behavioral intention. Participants who reported a previous mild traumatic brain injury were significantly more likely to report current symptoms of cognitive impairment. The BrainFx SCREEN is a feasible, usable, and accepted assessment tool for CAF-SMs and veterans who experience PTSD.

Conclusions

As military health care systems integrate technological innovations to improve the services and care provided, research must continue to address the acceptability and use of these novel assessments and interventions.