bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Study of Palliative Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Head and Neck Carcinoma: A Single Institution Study
Authors: Shah Narender Singh , Daga Dhiraj , Singh Deepti , Chaturvedi Manish Kumar , Mathur Upen Kishor , Banthia Poonam , Kavia Ashish
Published: March 2022

Introduction
The most common cancer of India is head and neck, and about 70% of them present in locally advanced or metastatic disease. Palliative radiotherapy is one of the commonly used treatments in such cases. A retrospective study on the outcomes and toxicity of palliative radiotherapy is studied at a tertiary centre.
Materials and Methods
In this study, 74 patients who underwent palliative radiotherapy at the tertiary centre between Nov 2017 and Oct 2019 were retrospectively analysed. The frequency of different presenting symptoms, radiotherapy regimens, their outcome in form of symptomatic relief and disease status along with toxicity was studied and analysed through the available records.   
Results
We identified 74 eligible patients. The median age was 48years (range, 26–82). Oropharyngeal primary cancer was the most common primary site. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 3 or more in 74.4% patients. The radiation regimen used were ranged from 8Gyin single fraction, 20Gy in 4 fractions, 20Gy in 5 fractions, 30Gy in 10 fractions and 60Gy in 30 fractions. 93.2% of them completed their treatment. Pain and swelling were the most common presenting symptoms and 90.6% of them had more than 50% relief, while 46.5% had complete or partial response to the treatment.
Conclusion
Palliative radiotherapy to the head and neck provides some symptomatic benefit in most patients, there are multiple dose fractionation regimens currently being used for palliative radiation treatment, and consideration should be given to higher dose palliative RT regimens in patients having good performance status to maximize locoregional control and minimize late toxicity, patient with poor performance status will benefit from a hypofractionated palliative radiation treatment.
Changing Trends in Tracheostomy in a Critical Care Unit: A Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Western India
Authors: Pathak Shreha , Rathod Kinnari , Raibagkar Madhavi
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Identification of newer trends in indications and timing of tracheostomy and their implication on the outcome of the patients in a critical care unit, based on observations recorded in patients from a tertiary care centre in Western India.
 
Materials and Methods
100 patients admitted in the critical care unit, who underwent tracheostomy, were studied retrospectively. The patients were analyzed for the epidemiological data, indications, timing, and outcome of the tracheostomy. The outcomes were assessed based on mortality, discharge, decannulation, complications and VAP as parameters. A comparative analysis of the outcome of the tracheostomy depending on the timing of tracheostomy was conducted.
 
Results
Male: Female ratio was 1.77:1. Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21 to 40 years. Anticipation of prolonged airway was commonest indication for tracheostomy (49%). Early tracheostomy was preferred (68%). The mortality rate was 38%. 48% of patients were discharged with a successful decannulation in 72.9% of them. Complications and VAP were observed in 16% and 23% of patients, respectively. The timing of tracheostomy had a significant impact on the outcome.
 
Conclusion
Anticipating prolonged intubation is the most important indication for tracheostomy in the critical care unit. Early tracheostomy is associated with favourable outcomes in terms of decreased mortality, improved survival rate, lesser complication, low incidence of VAP, and thus, better weaning. As soon as the need for prolonged management of the airway is identified, tracheostomy should be considered.
Asymptomatic Middle Ear Dysfunction in Children with Upper Respiratory Infection – Analytical Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Dutta Sirshak , Mallick Nazrul , Azgaonkar Sarvesh Premanand , Sinha Ramanuj , Biswas Bireswar
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) is the commonest cause of hearing difficulty and one of the most frequent reasons for elective admission to the hospital for surgery during childhood. The condition starts with dysfunction of middle ear due to poor ventilation through Eustachian tube or extension of the inflammatory process from nasopharynx. In the natural history of the disease, there may be a period of the pre-clinical stage without symptoms or signs of OME. If the disease is identified in this stage, the further sequel of it (like persistent hearing difficulty or retraction pocket formation) may be prevented.
Materials and Methods
A hospital based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among the children below 12 years of age to assess the middle ear function (by tympanometry) in children having upper respiratory tract infection (but no ear related complaints) and comparing them with the middle ear function in children not having such infection or any recent history of the same. Age and sex matched control group having no such symptoms was constructed. There were 25 children in both study and control group selected from Otorhinolaryngology and Pediatrics outpatient department (OPD). So total numbers of children were 50.
Results 
There was no statistically significant difference in background characteristics (age, sex) of the of study and control groups. There was no statistically significant difference when the tympanic membrane retraction or middle ear pressure is taken into account. But significant difference found in the parameters like middle ear compliance (68% children have low compliance in the study group vs 20% in control, with df= 1, ϰ2 = 11.688 and p value was 0.001) and tympanogram curve type (48% in study group have B or C type and 8% have such in control group).
Conclusion
Early diagnosis of the middle ear dysfunction among the children with upper respiratory infection, by clinical examination and suitable audiological investigation in the pre-clinical stage with appropriate intervention can prevent further progression of the disease, causing hearing loss as well as retraction pocket formation.
Orbital Apex Syndrome: An Uncommon Complication caused by a Common Nasal Commensal
Authors: C Chandrakiran , Uthappa Trupthi
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Orbital apex syndrome, an uncommon condition seen in ENT practice, is characterised by multiple cranial neuropathies, presenting as visual loss, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis and hypoesthesia of forehead due to involvement of Cranial nerves III, IV, VI and V1.
Case Report
This is a case of an 80-year-old female patient, with poorly controlled Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and Hypertension, who presented with right sided headache of 10 days duration, drooping of right eyelid and decreased vision in right eye for 3 days. Clinically, there were features suggestive of right orbital apex syndrome. MRI Brain showed abnormal enhancement in right orbital apex with subtle enhancement of optic nerve in optic canal and intense enhancement of mucosal thickening in sphenoid sinus. Aerobic culture report of the purulent nasal discharge revealed Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Discussion
Aetiology of this condition is varied. Rarely known to occur following bacterial sinusitis, it is most commonly seen secondary to fungal sinusitis or orbital cellulitis involving orbital apex. Here we report an unusual case occurring secondary to Staphylococcus epidermidis sinusitis. In conclusion, although acute orbital apex syndrome is usually associated with invasive fungal sinusitis, clinicians must be aware that bacterial sinusitis may also present with a similar aggressive pattern.
Evaluating the Role of Middle Ear Risk Indices in Assessing Postoperative Outcome following Tympanoplasty Procedure
Authors: Gundu Pradeep , Kiranmayee Buddhavarapu , V Dipin Kumar , Ivaturi Phani Bhushan
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Tympanoplasty is the treatment of choice for patients suffering with Chronic Otitis Media (COM). Outcome of tympanoplasty depends on various factors like size and location of tympanic membrane perforation, ear ossicles, degree of otorrhea, cholesteatoma, smoking history, granulation tissue etc. Prediction of outcome of tympanoplasty procedure prior to surgery with respect to graft uptake and hearing improvement can serve as a crucial factor in decision making in resource limited nations. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the role of Middle Ear Risk Indices (MERI) in predicting the outcome among patients undergoing tympanoplasty procedure.
Materials and Methods
A prospective study at a tertiary care centre was conducted for a duration of 2 years among 60 patients with COM who underwent tympanoplasty.
Results
The mean age of patients was 25.32 ± 8.43 years with a male to female ratio of 3:2. Majority (78.46%) of the patients had Mild MERI score; 18.46% patients had moderate MERI score and 3.08% patients had severe MERI risk score. The difference in mean Air –Bone (AB) gap in the mild and moderate MERI groups’ pre and post operatively was found to be statistically highly significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion
Lower MERI scores prior to surgery showed significantly better outcomes with respect to graft uptake, degree of AB gap closure and hearing improvement.
Preoperative Systemic Tranexamic Acid in Tonsillectomy and Adeno-tonsillectomy: A Relevant Underrated Outcome
Authors: Nalamate Rajarajeswari , J Jishana , Kurien Mary , Koshy Sajeiv , Zachariah Mamie
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Tranexamic acid, a synthetic anti-fibrinolytic plasminogen inhibitor, a relatively safe drug, is reported to reduce bleeding in various surgical procedures. Our study was to identify the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative bleeding during tonsillectomy and adeno-tonsillectomy, a common paediatric ENT surgery done as day care procedure. 
Materials and Methods 
A randomised, placebo controlled, double blinded trial was undertaken with consecutive patients undergoing above procedures, sample size being 100, with 50 patients in each arm. Post induction, injection tranexamic acid 15mg /kg body weight and saline was given to the test and control group respectively. Intraoperative bleeding was measured and operating time was also noted.
Results
There were 80 participants, with 41 and 39 patients in treatment and placebo group respectively ranging from 4 to 32 years age. There was no significant difference in the amount of blood loss between the two groups. However, the duration of surgery was significantly lowered in tranexamic acid as compared to placebo group (p = 0.008). 
Conclusions
Preoperative use of tranexamic acid in tonsillectomy or adeno-tonsillectomy, significantly reduced operating time though no significant reduction of intra or postoperative bleeding was noted. This previously unreported outcome has surgical implication, especially in children, for possible use of this widely accepted safe drug during these procedures.
Retroviral Disease and Smoking – A Sinister Combination causing Hyperkeratotic Laryngeal Papilloma
Authors: M B Bharathi , B S Rakesh , Unisa Thanzeem , S Kavya
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Otorhinolaryngologic manifestations account for almost 80% of the various manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, of which Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) associated laryngeal papilloma and laryngeal malignancy are the most common pertaining to larynx.
Case Report
A 55year old male patient on Antiretroviral treatment since 10 years who was a chronic smoker, presented with difficulty in breathing and hoarseness of voice. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed a white, horny, wide based keratotic lesion completely covering rima glottidis resulting in obstruction of airway and stridor. Tracheostomy was done followed by        endoscopic excision of the lesion. Histopathologic examination showed features of hyperkeratotic papilloma and lesion was tested negative for HPV.
Discussion
We report this case to emphasize on the differential diagnosis of laryngeal papillomatous lesion. A hyperkeratotic papilloma, with a dual aetiology of retroviral disease  and smoking, presenting with stridor, the lesion being negative for HPV infection makes it uncommon from other laryngeal lesions.
Case Studies of Contractual (Legal) Automation Using Smart Contracts
Authors: Dwivedi Vimal
Published: March 2022

Smart contracts are a key component of today’s blockchains. They are critical in controlling decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO). However, smart contracts are not yet legally binding nor enforceable; this makes it difficult for businesses to adopt the DAO paradigm. Therefore, this study reviews existing Smart Contract Languages (SCL) and identifies properties that are critical to any future SCL for drafting legally binding contracts. This is achieved by conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of white- and grey literature published between 2015 and 2019. Using the SLR methodology, 45 Selected and 28 Supporting Studies detailing 45 state-of-the-art SCLs are selected. Finally, 10 SCL properties that enable legally compliant DAOs are discovered, and specifications for developing SCLs are explored.
Blockchain and Smart Contracts for Know Your Customer (KYC)
Authors:   PricewaterhouseCoopers, Osborne Patrick
Published: March 2022

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and Blockchain Technology (BCT) are options for introducing smart and transitive energy trading via a Know Your Customer or Know Your Client (KYC) system using an Ethereum Blockchain. The most significant context in which BCT can create transformative change is in the verification of other parties in an energy trading system. Currently the KYC trade mostly relies on internal controls to send and receive KYC information across the globe, resulting in slower and error prone data management and governance. BCT can solve this by providing immutable and verifiable data sources. Implementing smart contract addressing, the issue of storing critical data necessary at different stages of KYC and making it verifiable by all stakeholders is of critical importance. The literature review looks at the current research in BCT, programming languages used in BCT, Game Theory, Zero-Knowledge Proofs and energy trading in context to KYC. Having a foundational concept mathematically by creating game theoretic models and a simple computer programming simulation is the first step in the task of creating a true BCT platform that can be used in energy trading for KYC. Simulating the scenarios of n-player games is important to the advancement of this platform. The key result of these games and interaction between traders will help change the trading systems regionally and internationally. This can deliver new ways of working and brings visibility and control to each energy trade. The researcher analyses the strength of the system through the decisions of the traders using infinite games. New trading strategies and BCT resources with different parameters gain a larger market presence in international trade with these proofs, codifications and simulations. A gap exists in the literature in BCT in the creation of game theory algorithms as well as using simulation tools and software and using these methods to create forecasted energy trading scenarios with the implementation of KYC. Looking at an infinite game mathematically and presenting a simple codified computer simulation using Ethereum via Solidity involving a supplier, operator and regulator will give new implications in game theory and conflict-resolution scenarios within context to energy trading and KYC via BCT.
Opening the Blockchain Ecosystem in Construction
Authors: Papadonikolaki Eleni
Published: March 2022

Construction is undergoing digitalisation through innovations such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain. Various countries attempt to regulate, standardise and mandate such technologies. For example, various institutions, e.g. government, policy, businesses, and industry consortia, actively developed BIM implementation processes and pushed its use. However, in the lower tiers of the construction supply chain, the democratisation of BIM was problematic and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) lagged behind due to limited resources. The digital divide reinforced mistrust in improvement agendas. This paper problematises around leadership necessary for democratising blockchain, an emerging digital technology.
Blockchain, Fungibility, and Physical Assets: The Legal View
Authors: Johnson Gavin
Published: March 2022

2021 has witnessed a surge of interest in non-fungible tokens or “NFTs”. However, there is considerable misunderstanding surrounding what an NFTs is, what it may or may not represent, how rights attach, how it may be enforced or used for enforcement of rights, and how it is connected to the asset it purportedly represents. This is self-evident in discussions between the technology community, implementers, and the legal profession. This is compounded by a lack of clarity in how current legal frameworks work with or are applied to such tokens.
Cybersecurity of Digital Twins in the Built Environment
Authors:   University of Cambridge, Pärn Erika
Published: March 2022

Smart cities and digital twins promise to provide fully integrated and networked connectivity between virtual/digital assets and physical build¬ing/infrastructure assets to form digital economies. However, industrial espionage, cyber-crime and deplorable politically driven cyber-interventions threaten to disrupt and/or physically damage the critical infrastructure that supports national wealth generation and preserves the health, safety and welfare of the populous. The purpose of this presentation is to present a comprehensive review of cyber-threats confronting critical infrastructure asset management reliant upon a digital twins, common data environment (CDE) to augment building information modelling (BIM) implementation. BIM is expounded to provide newfound efficiency and productivity for the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations (AECO) sector throughout the building life cycle. Presently the AECO sector is witnessing an unprecedented pace of digitalization of built assets much of which is reliant upon cloud-based systems to provide access to data-rich 3D representations of physical built assets.
Gen Z and TV: An Analysis of Traditional Advertising Medium and Perception
Authors: Lancel G Ivan , P. Cruz Nika , Carmina B. Luzaran Trisha , E. Etrata, Jr. Antonio
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Television as a medium of marketing communication has a decreasing exposure rate among generation Z due to the increasing patronage on Internet-based communication. However, marketers could not fully shift into online platforms because of television’s high market reach attribute especially in the Philippines. Establishing awareness is a crucial work for unknown brands but repetition does not guarantee familiarity. A comparative analysis on the impact of energetic commercials on deactivating audiences was performed while this research aimed to identify the factors affecting Gen Z’s consumer perception towards television as an advertising medium. Data collection was done through survey questionnaires distributed to 385 respondents. Data were treated with statistical tools such as measures of central tendency, measures of variability and partial least square - structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that Perceived Ease of Use is an insignificant variable to consumer perception. It was discovered that watching TV news, movies, series, and more is not usually preferred by consumers; they would rather stream online. However, Information Gratification is found to significantly influence consumer perception on TV as an advertising medium. Consumers get to know new products and brands when watching TV. The results of this study will mostly benefit advertising agencies because they will further understand the current perception of the generation on television advertising. Thus, more effective strategies concerning television advertising will be implemented.
Keywords: TV, advertising, gen Z, consumer perception, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, information gratification
APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN PROYECTOS, UNA PROPUESTA PARA MEJORAR EL APRENDIZAJE AUTORREGULADO EN ESTUDIANTES DE SECUNDARIA DE UNA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA, PIURA 2020
Authors: Vélez Guaylupo Jessica Alcira , Zapata Ancajima Juan Carlos , Pacherres Valladares María Elena , Tumi Antón Blas Enrique
Published: March 2022

El aprendizaje autorregulado permite que los estudiantes activen sus procesos cognitivos para el desarrollo de capacidades que requieren regular emociones, conocimientos y comportamientos académicos, para adquirir nuevos saberes. Este estudio propone un diseño de programa ABPr, para mejorar el aprendizaje autorregulado en estudiantes de secundaria de una institución educativa. La metodología aplicada está fundamentada bajo un paradigma positivista, de carácter descriptivo, con un enfoque cuantitativo y diseño no experimental. La técnica de recolección de datos es la encuesta y el instrumento aplicado, el cuestionario. La población estuvo constituida por 768 estudiantes y la muestra seleccionada fueron 133 estudiantes de 5° de secundaria. Los resultados indican que el 45.9% se ubicó en el nivel Medio, mientras que el 33.1% alcanzó el nivel Bajo. En las dimensiones del aprendizaje autorregulado, las estudiantes obtuvieron un nivel Bajo en las dimensiones planificación, evaluación y contexto, mientras que en motivación y cognición se ubicaron en el nivel Medio. Concluyendo, la necesidad de intervención mediante una propuesta de programa del ABPr para que las estudiantes logren mejorar el aprendizaje autorregulado y gestionar su autonomía y eficacia.

ABSTRACTSelf-regulated learning allows students to activate their cognitive processes for the development of capacities that require regular emotions, knowledge and academic behaviors, to acquire new knowledge. This study proposes a PBL program design, to improve self-regulated learning in high school students of a educational institution. The applied methodology is based on a positivist paradigm, of a descriptive nature, with a quantitative approach and non-experimental design. The data collection technique is the survey and the instrument applied, the questionnaire. The population consisted of 768 students and the selected sample was 133 students from 5th grade secondary. The results indicate that 45.9% were located at the Medium level, while 33.1% reached the Low level. In the dimensions of self-regulated learning, the students obtained a low level in the dimensions planning, evaluation and context, while in motivation and cognition were located at the Medium level. Concluding, the need to intervention through a PBL program proposal so that the students manage to improve self-regulated learning and manage their autonomy and efficiency.
Online Grains Shopping Store
Authors: Kuthe Annaji , Khode Ritik
Published: March 2022

In the present scenario peoples like to shop online. For the better and easy shopping, website is created for Online Grain shopping store. Through this website peoples were able to select shop online grains. This website aims to buy and sell products online and can be accessible from anywhere to the globe.
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Swathi Ummadi , Prasanna T.Lakshmi , Mohan J S Shyam
Published: March 2022

This report presents the results from the research study on applying large scale data mining methods into analysis of traffic accidents on the finnish roads. The data sets collected from traffic fatal accidents are huge, multidimensional, and heterogeneous. Moreover, they may contain incomplete and erroneous values, which make its exploration and understanding a very demanding task. The target data of this study was collected by the finnish road administration datasets. The intention is to investigate the usability of robust clustering, association and frequent itemsets, and visualization methods to the road traffic accident analysis. While the results show that the selected data mining methods are able to produce understandable patterns from the data, finding more fertilized information could be enhanced with more detailed and comprehensive data sets. Machine learning algorithm takes accident frequency count as a parameter to cluster the locations. Then we used association rule mining to characterize these surface condition. The rules revealed different factors associated with road accidents at different drunk and drive with varying accident frequencies. The association rules for high-frequency accident location disclosed that intersections on highways are more dangerous for every type of fatal accidents.
PERCEÇÕES SOBRE AS VULNERABILIDADES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS ATUAIS E FUTURAS FACE ÀS ALTERAÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS NO SETOR AGRÍCOLA: ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO NO MUNICÍPIO DO CADAVAL, PORTUGAL
Authors: Alves João Francisco Lopes da Silva Teixeira , Pereira Alves Maria de Fátima , Nicolau Paula Bacelar
Published: March 2022

Climate change, as multidimensional and complex phenomenon, challenge social communities to get acquainted and anticipate their current and future impacts. The present article, focusing on the field of perceptions of local agents linked to the agricultural sector, aims to identify and understand, from their position and perspectives, which are the impacts of climate change on agriculture and what are the strategies to adapt to these changes in the municipality of Cadaval, a rural county with a markedly agricultural land use and vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Using a questionnaire survey applied to local farmers, and resorted to the realization of a focus group with stakeholders, we seek to characterize their perceptions regarding climate change, and its current and future impacts and vulnerabilities on agricultural activity, as their position in relation to adaptation and mitigation. In general, the information collected allows us to highlight the following characteristics: climate change is perceived essentially as a result of human action and our respondents are well aware of the effects of these changes on agriculture, which most claim are already felt. There is some shortcoming in information, in particular on greenhouse gas emissions processes in agriculture which prevents them from identifying the necessary mitigation processes. The farmers surveyed recognize the vulnerability of intensive orchards with irrigation and low temperature needs, the difficulty in changing and adapting these permanent crops that they see as a challenge to be overcome, and recognize the opportunity that the increase in temperature represents for the vitiviniculture sector.
Study on Repayment Behavior of Beneficiary Farmers among Kisan Credit Card Scheme in Dewas District of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Choudhary Sunita , Choudhary Sandhya
Published: March 2022

India lives in villages. The majority of our country’s population depends upon agriculture. Hence, there is a great need for inclusion of rural people in the financial framework. When it is considered rural credit system to facilitate various financial needs of the rural folks or farmers, it has many dimensions. Over the years, NABARD has taken initiatives to supply adequate credit to farmers, which has made the rural finance system more efficient. Kisan credit card users were determined on the basis of the time to which they repaid their loan and categorized into three groups i.e. those who repaid their loan in schedule date termed as ‘regulars’. Those who repaid their loan after scheduled date of repayment termed as ‘irregulars’. Those who failed to repay their loan on schedule date termed as ‘defaulter’. Finding reported that repayment behaviour of KCC holders the result showed that the majority (46.67 per cent) of the respondents were found to repay their credit on timely, 29.17 per cent respondents were found who not capable to repay their credit on time schedule and 24.16 per cent respondents were found who had defaulter.
جائحة كورونا في سجل الأوبئة عبر التاريخ
Authors: الهودلية صلاح
Published: March 2022

إن وباء كورونا المستجد لم يكن أول أنواع الأوبئة التي أصابت البشريّة، وبالتأكيد لن يكون الأخير. إن حدوث الأوبئة العالميّة له تاريخ طويل، وقد عمّت هذه الأوبئة مناطق مختلفة من الكرة الأرضيّة في فترات متقاربة أو متباعدة، وأدت إلى هلاك أعداد كبيرة من البشر، وهجران مدن وقرى، واضمحلال نظم سياسيّة، وإرباكاك في النسيج الاجتماعي. وكان يطلق على مثل هذه الأوبئة مصطلح "الطاعون" بغض النظر عن مسببه إذا ما كانت البكتيريا العصوية المعروفة باسم "اليرسينيا الطاعونية" (Yersinia Pestis)، أو شيء آخر (Huremovic 2019: 8). ويُعرّف الطاعون: بأنه ورم خطير يظهر غالباً في الإبط، وفي منطقة التقاء الفخذين، وخلف الأذن؛ وينتج عنه التهاب يغير لون المنطقة المصابة وما حولها إلى اللون الأحمر، والأصفر، والأخضر، والأكمد، والأسود؛ ويفسد المنطقة المصابة ويقرّحها؛ ويتسبب للمصاب بالكسل، والخفقان، والقيء، والإغماء؛ وإذا اشتد فإنه يؤدي إلى الوفاة. وكان تبدل الألوان في هذه الأورام يدُل على طور المرض، فإذا كان اللون أحمراً فإن المرض بدرجة بسيطة، أما إذا أصبح اللون أسوداً فإن ذلك يدل على استفحاله في المصاب (عبد الله 2012: 288-289). وذكر النووي: بأن كل طاعون هو وباء، ولكن ليس كل وباء هو طاعوناً (النووي 2001: 68).
الآثار الاقتصادية للتعلم الالكتروني الجامعي خلال جائحة كورونا 19
Authors: الفقهاء سام
Published: March 2022

قدّم هذه الدراسة تحليلاً للآثار الاقتصادية لممارسات التعلم الالكتروني على المستويين الفردي والمؤسسي في ظل جائحة كورونا. حيث تناقش الدراسة ثلاثة أبعاد رئيسة، وهي التعليم العام والتنمية الاقتصادية، والمهارات وسوق العمل، والتكلفة والعائد للتعلم الالكتروني. اعتمدت الدراسة على المراجعة التحليلية لنتائج البحوث الميدانية المنشورة حول الموضوع إضافة للتعرض للتجربة الفلسطينية في هذا المجال. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن تطبيقات تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات في التعليم يسهم في إحداث تنمية اقتصادية من خلال تأثير تلك الممارسات في التعليم العام الذي يرتبط إيجابياً بالنمو الإقتصادي، إضافة لتأثير التعلم الالكتروني في مهارات الأفراد مما يؤهلهم للالتحاق بسوق العمل بكفاءة أعلى، وأظهر تحليل التكلفة والعائد أن للتعلم الالكتروني فوائد طويلة المدى تفوق تكاليفه المنظورة. وقدمت الدراسة ومن خلال نقاش مضامينها مجموعة من التوصيات الرامية لتعزيز الاستثمار في التعلم الالكتروني.
Measuring the Degree of Feet Arches Curvature for Male and Female Physical Education Students as a Function of Sitting and Standing Positions
Authors: Hamarsheh Abdel Salam
Published: March 2022

The study aimed to identify the degree of curvature of the feet arches for male and female Physical Education students at Al-Quds University (AQU) and Palestine Technical University – Kadoorie (PTUK), as a function of sitting and standing positions, as well as to identify the difference in the degree of curvature of the right and left feet due to sitting and standing positions attributed to the variables of university type, subjects’ gender and weight.
Both measurement and analysis methods were used; the study sample consisted of (151) male and female students from both Physical Education Departments distributed as follows: (58) male and (45) female students from AQU and (48) female students from PTUK-Ramallah selected randomly. To answer the study questions, the scientific and statistical coefficients have been used. Our results showed that the differences in the left foot arch curvature for AQU students are at an average rate of (44.71%) compared to that of female students at PTUK by (49.78%) which is very close to the level before and in the absence of statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05≥α) in difference of degree of curvature of the right and the left feet from the two positions between students at Physical Education Departments attributed to the institution, gender and weight.

The researchers recommend conducting a footprint examination for all students as a requirement to join the physical education departments and not to rely on the naked eye as an evaluation tool, since the height of the feet arches does not mean that student is fit to join the physical education program. It is possible that the height of the arches exceeds the normal limit and therefore will be a disorder similar to flat foot
الآثار الاقتصادية للتعلم الالكتروني الجامعي خلال جائحة كورونا 19
Authors: الفقهاء سام
Published: March 2022

تقدّم هذه الدراسة تحليلاً للآثار الاقتصادية لممارسات التعلم الالكتروني على المستويين الفردي والمؤسسي في ظل جائحة كورونا. حيث تناقش الدراسة ثلاثة أبعاد رئيسة، وهي التعليم العام والتنمية الاقتصادية، والمهارات وسوق العمل، والتكلفة والعائد للتعلم الالكتروني. اعتمدت الدراسة على المراجعة التحليلية لنتائج البحوث الميدانية المنشورة حول الموضوع إضافة للتعرض للتجربة الفلسطينية في هذا المجال. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن تطبيقات تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات في التعليم يسهم في إحداث تنمية اقتصادية من خلال تأثير تلك الممارسات في التعليم العام الذي يرتبط إيجابياً بالنمو الإقتصادي، إضافة لتأثير التعلم الالكتروني في مهارات الأفراد مما يؤهلهم للالتحاق بسوق العمل بكفاءة أعلى، وأظهر تحليل التكلفة والعائد أن للتعلم الالكتروني فوائد طويلة المدى تفوق تكاليفه المنظورة. وقدمت الدراسة ومن خلال نقاش مضامينها مجموعة من التوصيات الرامية لتعزيز الاستثمار في التعلم الالكتروني.
المعوقات التي تواجه المرأة لتولي المناصب الإدارية العليا في الجامعات الفلسطينية وأثرها على التطور الوظيفي
Authors: حرز الله أحمد
Published: March 2022

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى المعيقات التي تواجه المرأة لتولي المناصب الإدارية العليا في الجامعات الفلسطينية وعلاقتها بالتطور الوظيفي لديهن. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدم الباحثون المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، حيث تم تصميم استبانتين الاولى لقياس المعوقات وتضمنت ثلاثة محاور وهي: (المعيقات التنظيمية، المعيقات الاجتماعية، المعيقات النفسية) وتكونت في صورتها النهائية من (50) فقرة، والثانية لقياس التطور الوظيفي وتكونت في صورتها النهائية من (26) فقرة. تكون عينة الدراسة من (71) من النساء العاملات في الجامعات الفلسطينية.

توصلت الدراسة إلى أن الدرجة الكلية للمعوقات التي تواجه المرأة لتولي المناصب الإدارية العليا في الجامعات كانت متوسطة، وبمتوسط حسابي كلي (2.79)، وبينت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق دالة احصائيا بين متوسطات المعوقات تعزى لمتغير الجامعة، وكانت بين العاملات في جامعة بيت لحم وجامعة القدس ولصالح العاملات في جامعة القدس ذات المتوسط الحسابي الأعلى (2.83)، وبين جامعتي بير زيت وبيت لحم لصالح جامعة بير زيت ذات المتوسط الأعلى (2.98).

وكذلك بينت نتائج الدراسة أن الدرجة الكلية للتطور الوظيفي كانت بدرجة متوسطة، وبمتوسط حسابي (3.14). كما تبين وجود علاقة موجبة متوسطة بين كل من المعيقات التي تواجه المرأة العاملة في الجامعات الفلسطينية مع التطور الوظيفي في الجامعات، كذلك بين المعيقات الاجتماعية والتطور الوظيفي.

وخرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات تمثلت في ضرورة مساعدة النساء العاملات على كسر الحواجز الزجاجية التي تواجهها خلال عملها في المؤسسات المختلفة، وزيادة اهتمام المجتمع والأسرة بدعم المرأة للعمل والترشح لتقلد مناصب ادارية، وتوفير الدعم النفسي للمرأة من قبل المجتمع والأسرة والإدارة العليا، وإيجاد بيئة حاضنة وداعمة في الجامعات الفلسطينية تعمل على تشجيع المرأة للوصول للمناصب الإدارية العليا.
Complicated course of Crohn’s disease of the small intestine in the patient in the eighth decade of life
Authors: Peterka Štěpán
Published: March 2022

Crohn‘s disease (CD) comes within the group of idiopathic bowel diseases (IDP), together with ulcerative colitis (UC). Their common characteristic is that genetically predisposed individuals suffer from chronic digestive tract inflammation. In spite of almost 90 years of experience, CD remains an incurable disease. The clinical manifestation of the disease displays great heterogeneity. A discrepancy between the clinical picture and morphological finding in the digestive tract is one of the typical features of CD. Basic treatment consists of pharmacotherapy – conventional and/or biological – and surgery where needed. The aim is to achieve and maintain deep remission, limit the number of large-scale surgical interventions, and normalise the patients’ quality of life. The case history presents a female patient suffering from CD with extensive penetrating damage of the small intestine diagnosed in the eighth decade of her life. The patient’s case illustrates the difficulty of treating elderly patients, especially in the case of a severe form of Crohn’s disease. Keywords Crohn’s disease, surgical treatment, penetrující forma, exkluzivní enterální výživa
Point-of-care method for measuring infliximab and adalimumab trough levels in inflammatory bowel disease patients on biologic therapy
Authors: Kaštylová Kristýna , Černá Karin , Luxová Štěpánka , Šebek Petr , Lukáš Milan
Published: March 2022

Aim of the study: To verify whether the results of infliximab and adalimumab concentration measurements by the point-of-care method ProciseDx correspond with the concentrations determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods: Twenty-three infliximab (IFX) and twenty-two adalimumab (ADL) concentrations were compared. IFX and ADL trough levels were measured by the ProciseDx point-of-care (POCT) system based on the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) principle, and by standard immunoassay (ELISA) in a clinical laboratory. Results: Spearman‘s correlation coefficient for IFX R = 0.9400 (P = 0.0001) and the weighted Cohen‘s kappa of 0.93 indicate a good correlation between data measured by two different measurement systems. The same excellent correlation of values was achieved for ADL, where R = 0.9098 (P = 0.0001) and the weighted Cohen‘s kappa is 0.834. Conclusion: The ProciseDx POCT system is a highly reliable method for measuring serum trough IFX and ADL levels in IBD patients. It is easy to operate and fast, it brings more effectiveness to the IBD biological treatment and reduces financial and time burden of this therapy. Keywords inflammatory bowel disease, infliximab, adalimumab, biologic therapy, proaktivní terapeutické monitorování léčiv, reaktivní terapeutické monitorování léčiv, point-of-care monitoring
The importance of home parenteral nutrition in clinical practice – own experience from our workplace
Authors: Fojtová Andrea , Norek Barbora , Gazdíková Katarína
Published: March 2022

Home parenteral nutrition is an alternative route and form of nutrition in patients with irreversible intestinal failure in whom enteral nutrition is not possible or is insufficient in the long run with an increasing energy deficit. Starting parenteral nutrition at home improves the quality of patients’ life and consequently also the course of the underlying disease, with optimization of clinical manifestations of malnutrition. The most common indications for home parenteral nutrition include large reductions of the absorption area due to intestinal resections (Crohn’s disease surgical complications, ischemic small bowel necrosis due to thrombosis in the superior mesenteric vein or embolism or atherosclerotic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, but also intestinal failures of different aetiology and cancer with sufficient utilization of essential nutrients). Keywords home parenteral nutrition, short bowel syndrome, komplikácie
Desmoid fibromatosis – a rare mesenteric tumor
Authors: Grochol Lukáš , Cibulková Ivana , Hrudka Jan , Hajer Jan
Published: March 2022

In the following report, we present the case of a 31-year-old patient examined for a suspected small bowel tumour. Small bowel tumours are relatively rare and definitive diagnosis is often preceded by surgical resection. The same was true for our patient examined for a soft tissue lesion found with imaging techniques in close proximity to the small intestine. After ruling out hormonal activity, diagnostic laparotomy was performed. Desmoid fibromatosis, a rare tumour of the mesentery, was confirmed histopathologically. Although without metastatic potential, desmoid fibromatosis is a tumour with moderately malignant potential for aggressive growth into surrounding structures and organs and a large percentage of local recurrences.
Pengaruh Media Audiovisual Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Siswa Tentang Bahaya HIV/AIDS Di SMPN 2 Haltim Paluta
Authors: Widya Sandika Tri
Published: March 2022

HIV/AIDS pada remaja tidak lepas dari perkembangan globalisasi yang menyebabkan perubahan sosial dan gaya hidup negatif mereka saat ini seperti seks pranikah, berganti-ganti pasangan seks, dan penyalahgunaan narkoba. Perlu dilakukan tindakan promosi pencegahan HIV/ASIDS pada remaja dengan menggunakan media leaflet dan audio visual yang memberikan informasi dan edukasi tentang bahaya HIV/AIDS sehingga mereka memiliki pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik. Rumusan masalah penelitian adalah bagaimana pengaruh media audio visual terhadap pengetahuan remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh media audio visual terhadap pengetahuan remaja terhadap bahaya HIV/AIDS di SMPN 2 Haltim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest-posttest design. Dilaksanakan di SMPN Haltim. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 53 siswa kelas IX. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, dan hipotesis diuji dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan media audio visual (p<0,05) terhadap pengetahuan remaja pasca intervensi. Kesimpulannya media audio visual lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja tentang bahaya HIV/AIDS. Disarankan agar orang tua mengontrol secara demokratis anak-anak mereka di rumah atau di luar rumah mereka. Pihak sekolah hendaknya meningkatkan kerjasama dengan orang tua untuk meningkatkan perkembangan akademik siswa, dan tenaga kesehatan di lingkungan sekitar harus meningkatkan program pendidikan kesehatan tentang bahaya HIV/AIDS
Pengaruh Bermain Terapeutik Dalam Menurunkan Tingkat Kecemasan Hospitalisasi Anak Toddler Di RSU HKBP Balige
Authors: Sitorus Jenti
Published: March 2022

Hospitalisasi merupakan permasalahan pokok dunia kesehatananak yang menimbulkan kecemasan sehingga mempengaruhi proses perjalanan penyakit anak.Respon kecemasan setiap anak berbeda tergantung dari tahap tumbuh kembang anak, namun respon kecemasan anak usia toddler lebih menonjol dibandingkan usia lainnya. Salah satuintervensiperawatdalam menurunkan kecemasan hospitalisasi anak adalah bermainterapeutik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bermain terapeutik dalam menurunkan tingkat kecemasan hospitalisasi anak toddler (1-3 tahun). Penelitian Experimental Design, Pre-Test and Post-Test One Group Design. Sampel sebanyak 20 responden. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara pengisian lembar kuesioner berupa checklist yang telah diuji validatasnya yang dilakukan pada Desember 2016  hingga September 2017. Hasil rata-rata pre-test adalah 66,50 dan post-test adalah 58,50 yang mana sebesar 50% (10 responden)yang mengalami kecemasan berat menurun setelah post-test yaitu sebesar 0,5% (1 responden). Hasil uji T_Test diperoleh ada pengaruh bermain terapeutik dalam penurunan tingkat kecemasan hospitalisasi anak toddler (P-Value 0,000 < ? 0,05). Bermain terapeutik mampu menurunkan kecemasan hospitalisasi anak, sebaiknya permainan disediakan lebih variatif dan menarik sesuai dengan tahap tumbuh kembang anak serta memaksimalkan peran orang tua dan perawat terhadap pelaksanaan bermain terapeutik pada anak toddler selama hospitalisasi.
Pandangan Ekonomi Islam Terhadap Praktek Gadai Lahan Sawit Di Desa Pulo Bargot Kecamatan Marbau Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara
Authors: Tri Inda Fadhila Rahma Yulianti, Marliyah,
Published: March 2022

This research aims to find out the Islamic Economic view on the practice of palm oil pawns in Pulo Bargot Village, Merbau Subdistrict, North Labuhanbatu Regency. This type of research is qualitative using phenomenological and normative approaches. The source of the data in this study is the people who do pawns and religious figures. Data collection techniques use interviews, documentation and literature studies. The results showed that the implementation of oil palm land pawns that occurred in Pulo Bargot Village, Merbau Subdistrict, North Labuhanbatu Regency has not been in accordance with the element of help as explained in the principles of Islamic Economics that "The main driving force of Islamic Economy is cooperation," It contains an element of injustice among others. In the case of guaranteed goods, namely oil palm land, pawn practices that occur in Pulo Bargot Village, collateral goods are fully utilized by murtahin during the agreement period, while the murtahin party will also still get a full refund from rahin at maturity. Furthermore, the practice of pawning the oil palm land of Pulo Bargot Village that occurs includes unauthorized pawns, because the practice of pawns carried out can cause jahalah (unclear).
Kamusal Mekanlarda Görme Engelli Kullanıcılar İçin Erişilebilirliğin Değerlendirilmesi Ankara Batı Adalet Sarayı Örneği
Authors: KAVURAN Didem , USLU Aysel
Published: March 2022

Kent yaşamı içerisinde yer alan ve kamusal mekânlar olarak da adlandırılan açık ve yeşil alanlar kent dokusu içinde yapılar ile sınırlanmış, tüm toplumun yararlanmasına olanak tanıyan mekânlardır. Bu bağlamda mekânların herkes için kullanımı göz önünde bulundurularak tasarlanması ö(nem taşımaktadır. Kamusal mekânların sürdürülebilir kullanımı, mekânların kalitesi ve güvenliğinin yanı sıra erişilebilir ve tüm bireyler için eşit kullanım olanaklarına sahip olması ile mümkündür. Bu kapsamda kentsel mekânların tüm bireylerin kullanımına uygun standartlara getirilmesi temel hedef olmalıdır. Kamusal alanların, toplumun tüm sınıflarını bir araya getireceği ve herkesi kapsayıcı nitelikte “erişilebilir, ulaşılabilir ve yaşanabilir” mekânlar olarak kurgulanması gerekliliği ön planda tutulmalıdır. Çalışma kapsamında Ankara Batı Adalet Sarayı örnek olarak seçilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile, Ankara Batı Adalet Sarayı’nın görme engelli bireyler için erişilebilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi ve erişilebilir peyzajların tasarlanmasında örnek teşkil etmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu hedefle konu ilgili literatür taramaları yapılarak seçilen çalışma alanının görme engelliler açısından erişilebilirliği, evrensel tasarım kriterleri çerçevesinde arazi çalışmaları ve gözlemler ile desteklenerek değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın literatüre katkısı ve bundan sonraki çalışmalara örnek olması amaçlanan Evrensel Standartlar Kılavuzu’ndan yararlanılarak hazırlanan analiz çalışması, kamusal alanlarda erişilebilir peyzajların oluşturulması için bir araç olarak değerlendirilebilir.
Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak dan Pelayanan Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dengan Sanksi Perpajakan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Ayu Wandika Putri Utami
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak dan Pelayanan Pajak terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dengan Sanksi Perpajakan sebagai Variabel Moderasi di KPP Pratama Makassar Selatan. Data penelitian ini adalah data primer, dengan menyebarkan kuisioner ke 100 wajib pajak orang pribadi yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Makassar Selatan tahun 2015- 2018. Survey dilakukan dari bulan Agustus s.d Oktober 2019. Data dianalis dengan menggunakan program Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Kesadaran wajib pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, (2) Pelayanan pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, (3) Kesadaran wajib pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dengan dimoderasi oleh sanksi perpajakan, (4) Pelayanan pajak positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dengan dimoderasi oleh sanksi perpajakan.