bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribuições de Saussure: precursores, paralelos, sucessores e desdobramentos
Authors: Caetano Marcelo Moraes
Published: July 2016

RESUMO:

Em relação às ideias e aos métodos de Saussure, apresentam-se, há muito, concordâncias e discordâncias. No entanto, em ambos os casos, houve desdobramentos de seus postulados. Ao propugnar pela ênfase sobre a unidade da língua, e não sobre sua heterogeneidade, Saussure sublinhou o método estruturalista, até hoje necessário para a elaboração e compreensão de uma gramática normativa. Os teóricos que o sucederam, com suas discussões prolíficas, também levaram adiante questões como o funcionalismo e o formalismo, e empreenderam não somente sólidas contribuições sobre o que caracteriza, efetivamente, a descrição linguística de um idioma (formalismo), mas, também, traçaram parâmetros sobre como essa descrição se relaciona com os seus usuários (funcionalismo).

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Estruturalismo; Langue; Formalismo; Funcionalismo; Descrição
Definição: delimitação de modelo para elaboração de verbetes
Authors: Vilarinho Michelle Machado de Oliveira
Published: July 2016

RESUMO:
O objeto de estudo é a definição para identificar um modelo de definição que possa ser usado na elaboração de dicionário. Em razão da elaboração de dicionário aos aprendizes de Português do Brasil como Segunda Língua, é notável a relevância de se padronizar as definições dos lexemas que pertencem a uma mesma categoria. A metodologia empregada foi a descrição dos atributos dos objetos da categoria “transporte” por meio do uso da análise componencial. O resultado foi a delimitação da estrutura da definição, cujo modelo é constituído por: +veículo, +tipo de propulsão, ±quantidade de rodas, +meio de deslocamento, +especificidade de uso.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Dicionário. Definição. Transporte.
Compostos NprepN no português arcaico: aspectos morfossintáticos
Authors: Dos Santos Antonia Vieira
Published: July 2016

RESUMO:

Neste artigo, descrevemos os compostos NprepN levando em consideração alguns aspectos de natureza morfossintática, como flexão e determinação, com o objetivo de demonstrar o caráter mais sintático e mais periférico desse tipo de estrutura frente aos compostos morfológicos e morfossintáticos. Os dados utilizados como corpus provêm do português arcaico (séc. XIII-XVI) e foram retirados de Santos (2009).

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Compostos; Português Arcaico; Flexão; Determinação
The effect of mulching on the abundance and diversity of ground beetle assemblages in two hungarian potato fields
Authors: Dudás Péter , Gedeon Csongor , Menyhárt László , Ambrus Gergely , Tóth Ferenc
Published: July 2016

The benefits of mulching in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production are manifold, such as it provides shelters for natural enemies of pests. The aim of our study was to detect the effect of two organic mulch types on the abundance, diversity and species composition of carabid beetles. Our potato plots were located in two sites with similar habitats including similar soil characteristics. Each plot was treated with hay and leaf litter mulch (hay, leaf, control) with 4 replications at each site. It resulted in 24 samples in each study site annually. Carabid beetles were collected by using pitfall traps in between 2011-2013. We found that due to mulching a larger and more diverse carabid population occurred on potato plots. Both mulching types increased the total number of carabids captured having a 17% higher abundance on hay mulched plots and 14% higher abundance on leaf litter mulched plots. According to the results 28 % of the collected species was found only on mulched plots, whereas only 13 % of the captured species were found only on unmulched areas. For some of the species, especially for Brachinus crepitans (L.), the number of individuals was significantly higher on mulched plots. The two different mulching materials had very similar effects on assemblages of carabid species. The species composition of ground beetles was considerably affected by the two locations, and to a lesser extent by the different time periods. While the dominant species of Budaörs was B. crepitans, the most abbundant carabid beetle at Hidegkút belonged to genus Harpalus. Neither hay nor leaf litter were able to constantly increase the biodiversity of the carabid assemblages on potato plots, because the effect of the two years overwrote the between-treatment effects on carabid diversity. The positive effect of organic mulching on carabid diversity however, was found significant in both years of 2011 and 2012.
Cage cultivation of bester in East Kazakhstan
Authors: Zharkenov Damir , Pekli József , Kirichenko Olga , Zsuga Katalin , Sadykulov Тoleuhkan
Published: July 2016

The results of cage breeding of sturgeon hybrids in the third fish farming zone’s climatic conditions are given. It is also shown the achieved fish breeding and biological features, the dynamics of the growth rate, the viability of the object and the possibility of breeding stocking material of hybrid sturgeon in providing certain technological conditions.
O discurso dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde sobre as práticas de saúde mental na atenção básica.
Authors: Álvares Juliana Cardoso Cardoso , Sousa Maria Fátima de Sousa , Lima Maria Glória
Published: July 2016

O artigo objetivou identificar o discurso coletivo dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde - ACS, frente a identificação da manifestação do sofrimento psíquico, as ações de saúde mental desenvolvidas bem como, os seus elementos considerados potencializadores e 1 - Este artigo é parte da dissertação de Mestrado: Percepção dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde sobre as práticas de saúde mental na unidade básica de saúde da família do Paranoá no Distrito Federal, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, da Faculdade de Saúde (FS) da Universidade de Brasília (UnB). dificultadores no trabalho em unidades básicas de saúde da família do Paranoá, no Distrito Federal. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, Para a coleta de dados deste estudo qualitativo foram entrevistados 14 ACS, com a utilização de roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado. O material empírico foi submetido ao método de análise de Discursos do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) e seus resultados foram organizados em três núcleos temáticos: 1) a identificação das pessoas em sofrimento mental; 2) As ações dos ACS na atenção da Estratégia Saúde da Família e 3) As potencialidades e dificuldades no desenvolvimento de ações de saúde mental na atenção básica. Os resultados ressaltam que os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde identificam a ocorrência de adoecimento psíquico em usuários da sua área de atuação, associados a uma manifestação de um comportamento alterado e/ ou estranho e associado as causas multifatoriais, usando da própria observação ou de relatos de familiares, usuários e comunidade ou dos encaminhamentos de serviços de saúde ou outros. Os ACS declaram que desenvolvem ações de saúde mental que se aproximam da abordagem psicossocial, principalmente a partir da qualificação em saúde mental e do apoio matricial do CAPS, embora considerem Temas Livres Tempus - Actas de Saúde Coletiva O discurso dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde sobre as práticas de saúde mental na atenção básica ainda ser baixa participação em oferta de cursos de capacitação em saúde mental. Podemos concluir que os ACS apresentam um conhecimento básico para a identificação e das causas do sofrimento psíquico, com uso de termos técnicos -científicos, ainda que de forma desorganizada, e que as ações de saúde mental desenvolvidas avançam para a abordagem psicossocial, com destaque para a retaguarda do apoio matricial do CAPS II e do PET na organização das ações na área.
Perspectivas do planejamento sob o ponto de vista dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família.
Authors: Ribeiro Polyana da Costa , Pedrosa José Ivo dos Santos , Nogueira Lídya Tolstenko , Sousa Maria Fátima de
Published: July 2016

O artigo analisa similaridades e divergências do diagnóstico comunitário no âmbito do Planejamento local das equipes saúde da família em Teresina. Fundamentou-se em estudo de caso e grupo focal com equipes pertencentes a uma mesma base territorial, envolvendo hospital, centro de saúde da zona urbana e rural. Discutem-se três dimensões analíticas: Processo de planejamento, diagnóstico no planejamento das equipes de saúde e facilidades/limites. Evidenciou-se que o planejamento é incipiente, imediatista, individualizado e insatisfatório às necessidades da demanda. As intervenções dos atores sociais não implicaram ações sustentáveis, reflexo da verticalidade dos programas e de distorções no processo de implantação das equipes. Urge dos gestores vigilância para com o alicerce organizacional da atenção básica, que é o diagnóstico, além de implementar estratégias para a saúde do homem, do adolescente, acamados e cuidadores e educação coletiva, eixos negligenciados.
Perfil, motivações e oportunidades dos estudantes do curso de graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade de Brasília.
Authors: Sousa Maria Fátima de , Zaitune Maria Paula do Amaral , Rocha Dais Gonçalves , Oliveira Karin Eleonora Sávio de , Soares Rackynelly Alves Sarmento , Cardoso Antonio José da Costa , Mendonça Ana Valéria Machado
Published: July 2016

A partir de 2009, no contexto dos Programas Reuni, Pró e PET Saúde, têm sido implantados cursos de graduação em Saúde Coletiva em todo o país. Propôs-se conhecer o perfil, motivações e oportunidades dos estudantes “em curso” no período de 2010 a 2014 da graduação de Gestão em Saúde Coletiva do Departamento de Saúde Coletiva da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Para tal realizou-se um estudo observacional descritivo do tipo transversal com os estudantes matriculados e egressos no período, mediante consulta à Secretaria de Administração Acadêmica da UnB e por meio de dois questionários eletrônicos (online), sendo um para alunos regularmente matriculados e outro para alunos “evadidos”, enviados por meio de endereços eletrônicos (e-mail) cadastrados no Sistema de Gestão Acadêmica (SIGA) Sistema de Informações Acadêmicas de Graduação (SIGRA). Os cálculos de frequências relativas foram calculadas com o Excel. Os resultados foram analisados e estão apresentados em tópicos: perfil dos participantes; motivações para a escolha e evasão do curso; avaliação do curso. A partir destes foram identificadas eixos de atuação e recomendações para enfrentamento dos problemas mais relevantes no contexto da reorientação da formação profissional da saúde.
Effects of Thread Depth in the Neck Area on Peri‐Implant Hard and Soft Tissues: An Animal Study
Authors: Sun Shan‐Pao , Lee Dong‐Won , Yun Jeong‐Ho , Park Kwang‐Ho , Park Kwang‐Bum , Moon Ik‐Sang
Published: July 2016

Background: Implants with deep thread depth have been developed for the purpose of increasing total implant surface area. However, effects of implant thread depth remain controversial. The aim of this study is to examine effects of thread depth on peri‐implant tissues in terms of bone–implant contact (BIC), bone–implant volume (BIV), and hard and soft tissue dimensions using comprehensive analyses, including microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT).

Methods: Five beagle dogs received experimental intramandibular implants 3 months after removal of their premolars and first molars (P2, P3, P4, and M1). Two different types of implants were installed in each animal: deep threaded (DT) and shallow threaded (ST). Resonance frequency testing was performed on the day of implantation as well as 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. Intraoral radiography, micro‐CT, and histomorphometry were used to evaluate peri‐implant tissues 4 and 8 weeks after implantation.

Results: There were no significant differences in resonance frequency test results between the two groups. Although radiographic analysis showed no group differences, micro‐CT (P = 0.01) and histomorphometry (P = 0.003) revealed the DT group had significantly lower BIC values than the ST group at 4 weeks. However, by 8 weeks, BIC values of the two groups did not differ significantly. No significant differences in BIV or soft tissue height were observed between the two groups at either time point.

Conclusion: DT implants showed no benefits over ST implants when inserted in dog mandibles.
The Current Weight of Evidence of the Microbiologic Profile Associated With Peri‐Implantitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pérez‐Chaparro Paula Juliana , Duarte Poliana Mendes , Shibli Jamil Awad , Montenegro Sheyla , Lacerda Heluy Sílvia , Figueiredo Luciene Cristina , Faveri Marcelo , Feres Magda
Published: July 2016

Background: There is currently no consensus regarding microorganisms that may be considered true peri‐implant pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to determine the weight of evidence for microorganisms related to peri‐implantitis based on results of association studies.

Methods: This review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA). Two independent researchers searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to August 4, 2015, for studies comparing microbiologic outcomes of subgingival biofilm samples from healthy implants and implants with peri‐implantitis.

Results: A total of 799 titles was identified and 11 studies were included in this review. All data were extracted using a predefined form. Microorganisms found in increased count/abundance/frequency in peri‐implantitis belonged to Bacteria domain and viruses, and included a total of six bacterial phyla, 17 bacterial genera, 23 bacterial species, and two genera of viruses. The main bacterial species associated with peri‐implantitis are recognized as periodontal pathogens.

Conclusion: Results of this systematic review suggest moderate evidence supporting association of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia and some evidence supporting association of Prevotella intermedia and Campylobacter rectus with the etiology of peri‐implantitis.
Power Conservative Thevenin-Norton and Norton-Thevenin Transformations
Authors: Barthélemy Hervé
Published: July 2016

A power conservative Thevenin-Norton and Norton-Thevenin transformations are proposed in this letter. The transformations introduce a voltage and a current generators for which parameters depend on the loading impedance value.
Grid-Sensitivity Analysis and Comparison Between Unstructured Perpendicular Bisector and Structured Tartan/Local-Grid-Refinement Grids for Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Wells in Eagle Ford Formation With Complicated Natural Fractures
Authors: Sun Jianlei , Schechter David , Huang Chung-Kan
Published: July 2016

In the context of modeling fractured horizontal wells, unstructured grids have been applied to generate simulation meshes for complex fracture networks. It is necessary to investigate how to choose an unstructured mesh to accurately simulate production performance. In this paper, a new unstructured gridding and discretization work flow is proposed to handle nonorthogonal and low-angle intersections of extensively clustered fractures with nonuniform apertures. The work flow is then validated with two models in terms of production behavior and central-processing-unit (CPU) performance: a synthetic model with one horizontal well and orthogonal intersected hydraulic fractures built by tartan grid, and a field-scale local-grid-refinement (LGR) model with three horizontal wells and irregular hydraulic fractures in a slightly dipping reservoir created by a commercial software plug-in.

Good-quality matches are obtained between unstructured and structured grids in both pressure and production behavior. Sensitivity analysis of the meshing parameters suggests that refinement in the vicinity of fractures has improved both early and late production of a well, whereas background density has a dominant effect on the late production. Background-grid type and orientation have less influence as long as they have the same grid density. Fewer cells can be achieved by increasing reservoir-background size and size-progression ratio, replacing unstructured-background grids with structured grids, and reducing the complexity of the fracture networks without loss of the accuracy, resulting in improved CPU performance.

This study applies unstructured grids to simulate multiple horizontal wells with complicated fracture networks, and provides detailed comparisons between unstructured and structured grids. Most importantly, it resolves the question regarding how to choose an appropriate mesh to yield both accurate results and high-quality CPU performance.
Proppant-Conveyor Automation System With Cascade Control in Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Chen Zheng , Naizer Brent , Kang Yongnam
Published: July 2016

In this paper, a proppant-conveyor automation system is developed to automatically deliver proppant for hydraulic fracturing, which improves working conditions and reduces environmental pollution significantly. A cascade control is developed to reject disturbances and maintain the proppant level. The control consists of an inner-loop proportional-integral (PI) control for rejecting disturbances and an outer-loop PI control for maintaining the proppant level. A relay-feedback approach is adopted to tune the PI gains. Both simulation and hydraulic-fracturing-job testing results have validated reliability and practicality of the cascade control for the proppant-conveyor automation system.
The Determination of Tryptophan and Humic and Fulvic Acid-Like Substances Reduction in RAW Water from U-TAPAO Basin Thailand with Alum Coagulation
Authors: Suksaroj Chaisri , Rattanamanee Payom , Musikavong Charongpun , Wattanachira Suraphong
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of alum coagulation process for organic substances treating in raw water from U-Tapao canal, Thailand with measuring in term of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet absorption at wavelength 254 nm (UV-254) and Fluorescent Excitation-Emission Matrix (FEEM) reduction. Raw water samples were collected from three points of U-Tapao canal, one was existing pumping station (U-Tapao) and other two points (Sadao reservoir and Khlongla reservoir) are at upstream which may be used as an alternative pumping station. The results showed the condition of organic matter from point source and non-point source contamination in water samples. The results of FEEM showed that the water sample from U-Tapao pumping station contained both fulvic-humic acid-like substances and tryptophan-like substances were whereas Sadao and Khlongla reservoirs could detect mainly fulvic and humic acid-like substances. The coagulation gave the best results of turbidity, DOC and UV-254 reduction at pH 5 and 80 mg/L of alum dose. It could reduce 80% of the organic substances in term of UV 254, but only 50% in term of DOC and FEEM. Furtherore the DOC and UV-254 reduction efficiency were slightly declined when the tryptophan-like substances presented.
Using an Odour-Noise Relationship to Help Place a Monetary Value on Odour Abatement
Authors: Sivil D. , Hobson J. A.
Published: July 2016

One route to establishing the economic level of odour abatement around a problem site requires that a monetary value per property be ascribed to the benefit of odour reduction. The literature on the monetary value of odour abatement was relatively sparse but a number of hedonic pricing studies into reductions in house prices produced an area weighted price reduction for the alleviation of impact in the region of £6,000 per property. No information could be obtained as to the level of odour or the degree of reduction involved. Studies into noise suggested a value of £350 per property per dB reduction, though with a high relative standard deviation. An odour-noise equivalence was established based on equal levels of community annoyance. A 1dB reduction in noise levels was equivalent to a reduction in odour concentration by a factor of 1.11. Applying the value per dB directly to odour results in a value for a 90% reduction in odour of £,600 per property. A dispersion model was used to establish the relative reductions in odour levels associated with the hedonic pricing studies into odour. This produced the larger value of £790 per dB equivalent or £17,400 per property for a 90% reduction in odour levels.
Air emissions at large municipal wastewater treatment plants in Finland for national E-PRTR reporting register
Authors: Fred T. , Heinonen M. , Sundell L. , Toivikko S.
Published: July 2016

EC regulation (166/2006) obligates all urban waste water treatment plants above 100.000 PE in European Union area to report their water and air emissions by PRTR protocol from year 2007. There were no general rules or correlations determined to calculate or measure air emissions of municipal wastewater plant. Due to fact that major part of the treatment plants is uncovered, individual air emission study was demanding to implement. In Finland a group of large wastewater treatment plants studied PRTR air emissions based on the samples of Viikinmäki WWTP (780.000 PE), the largest wastewater treatment plant in Finland. Since Viikinmäki WWTP is completely covered, underground plant, ventilation air analyses were possible to implement in full scale. Based on this study, air emissions of Viikinmäki WWTP has been determined and reported to fulfil the PRTR protocol demands. Air emission model was accepted by Finnish Environmental Authorities and the air emission model of Viikinmäki WWTP was used by other, large Finnish WWTPs.
Efficiency Evaluation of Gas Treatment Equipments in Terms of Odor Removal Using Dynamic Olfactometry
Authors: Quadros M. E. , Belli Filho P. , Lisboa H. M.
Published: July 2016

Brazilian environmental regulations are following the international trend to include odor emission control. Today, the only state legislation that determines odor emission limits in Brazil defines that odor generating activities, emitting more that 5×106 O.U/h (odor units per hour), must install odor treatment equipments with at least 85% efficiency for odor removal. This work had the objective to apply dynamic-dilution olfactometry to assess the treatment efficiency of 12 full-scale industrial gas scrubbers and 2 biological filters for the removal of odor during their normal operating conditions, located in five industries in southern Brazil. To determine the odor concentration, a 6-person dynamic-dilution olfactometer was used. Odor emission rates were also measured. Results showed the wide spectrum of efficiency levels that can be found in normal operating conditions for different gas treatment techniques. Overall surprisingly low efficiency rates were found in most wet scrubbers. Biological filters showed relatively higher efficiency rates, but no equipment reached the 85% treatment efficiency level established by law in the case of high odor emissions. As for the odor emission rates, six equipments had an odor outflow higher than the values established by the state regulation.
Potable Water HERO Process at Yalgoo
Authors: Thomson James , Slunjski Marin , Fabig Marc , Crisp Gary
Published: July 2016

The High Efficiency Reverse Osmosis (HERO™) process has been applied for the first time to provide potable water. The facility is located at Yalgoo, a gold mining town in outback Western Australia. The facility is owned by Water Corporation. The plant was supplied, installed and commissioned by Osmoflo, who are operating and maintaining the plant in partnership with the Water Corporation. The selection of this technology was driven by both quality and quantity restraints of the feed bore water and also the need to dispose of the concentrate in an environmentally responsible manner. Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane technology was selected to reduce total dissolved solids, arsenic and nitrate to drinking water levels. High levels of silica in the bore water would have limited the recovery of a conventional RO, resulting in large volumes of concentrate to be disposed of and a potentially unsustainable bore water abstraction rates. Silica solubility increases as pH increases, however for most divalent and higher cations the opposite is true. In this process divalent and higher cations are removed by ion exchange (water softening) allowing the RO to be operated at high pH. By this means the silica scaling restraint on recovery is removed allowing operation at higher (90 – 95%) recoveries. This minimizes volume of concentrate disposal and hence costs of evaporation basins, and reduces the required abstraction from the water table. The plant was commissioned in June 2007. This paper provides some background on this technology and initial operating results.
Investigation of the Treatment Processes Effectiveness of the Surface Water at the Pilot Station and in a Technical Scale
Authors: Rak Adam
Published: July 2016

The article focuses on both results of analysing the quality of the surface water taken from the reservoir and effectiveness of the water treatment process' technological examinations carried out both on a pilot station and in a technical scale. The research was carried out on the basis of the water taken from the reservoir named “Sosnowka” which is located at the Karkonosze mountain range bottom. There were 27 physical and chemical factors that underwent the examination.

The effectiveness of the water treatment process was assessed basing on such factors as follows colour reduction, turbidity and such indicators as: alkalinity, total hardness, oxidability and conductivity.

The 1st stage carried out throughout the water year included examining of the water treatment process' effectiveness in a pilot station in various technology systems by means of such unitary process as: sieving, pre-ozonation, pH correction, coagulation, filtration on anthracite and sand bed, final ozonation and sorption on active carbon.

The other stage concerned examination carried out in a technology system in a technical scale of a new water treatment plant. The good quality of the examined water at that time (pH = 6,9; colour = 15 mgPt/L-1) allowed for using a simple technology system with the use of such processes as: sieving, pre-ozonation, filtration on anthracite and sand bed, final ozonation and sorption on active carbon and final correction of the water quality with Na2CO3 and MgCl2.

The results aquired while carrying out laboratory technological examinations and those in technical scale allowed for establishing 3 optimal technology systems to be implemented while the water treatment plant operates.
Chromium (VI) adsorption onto activated sulfate lignin
Authors: Tazrouti Nassima , Amrani Moussa
Published: July 2016

Activated lignin having surface area of 1023 m2.g-1 has been prepared from sulfate lignin that was treated by 30 % H2O2 and carbonized at 300 °C in order to test the chromium (VI) adsorption from aqueous solution. The influence of contact time, pH, initial concentration of adsorbent and adsorbate and temperature on the adsorption capacity were investigated. The maximum removal of Cr(VI) was found to be 92,36 % at pH=2 and contact time of 80 min. Optimal concentration of lignin and Cr(VI) were found to be 3.8 g.l-1 and 180 mg.l-1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was tested pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equation. The analytical data were fitted well in a pseudo-second-order equation and the rate of removal of chromium was found to speed up with increasing temperature. Activation energy for the adsorption process was found to be 18.19 Kj.mol-1. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied to describe the isotherm and isotherm constants for the adsorption of Cr (VI) on lignin. These constants and correlation coefficients of the isotherm models were calculated and compared. Results indicated that Cr (VI) uptake could be described by the Langmuir adsorption model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of Cr (VI) on lignin was 75.75 mg.g-1 at temperature of 40°C. The dimensionless equilibrium parameter (RL) signified a favorable adsorption of Cr (VI) on lignin and was found between 0.0601 and 0.818 (0<RL<1). The thermodynamic parameters like ΔG°, ΔS° and ΔH° were calculated and it has been found that the reaction was spontaneous and endothermic in nature.

This study indicates that lignin has the potential to become an effective and economical adsorbent for removal Cr (VI) from the waste water.
Finite Element Analysis for Bearing Capacity of Prefabricated Arch Culverts
Authors: Zhu Bin , Kou Weifeng , Li Haibin , Li Ge
Published: July 2016

A new type of prefabricated arch culvert is consisted of precast arch pieces and cast-in-place concrete bases. The shape of precast arch pieces is confirmed by catenary theory. In the case of simulating placement in layers of embankment, internal forces of arch piece structure are statically analyzed by using finite element method. The results indicate that under the designed filling height, arch pieces mainly suffer from stress and only very little bending moment and shear force acted on them. The prefabricated arch culverts have reasonable structure stress and simple installation process, which can substantially save materials and shorten project duration of culverts with obvious economic benefits, and should be promoted and applied in mine highway engineering.
Editorial: RILEM Technical Letters – the new Open Access Journal of RILEM
Authors: Vyncke Johan , Roussel Nicolas
Published: July 2016

Since 1947, the mission of RILEM, the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, has been to advance scientific knowledge related to construction materials, systems and structures and to promote and encourage transfer and application of this knowledge worldwide. Since 1968, the peer review RILEM Journal MATERIALS & STRUCTURES has been RILEM’s flagship for disseminating the latest advances in construction materials research and structural behaviour.

With the present new scientific peer review journal, RILEM Technical Letters, RILEM seeks to venture into the new era of open access publishing by disseminating contributions breaking new ground in the field of construction materials science in the form of short letters. In particular, RILEM Technical Letters is focusing on the publication of short reports of major innovative research or strategic research needs in the field of construction materials and structures, specifically written to comply with the format of this new journal. By providing a fast publishing process, RILEM Technical Letters will constitute a new landmark among the publications devoted to construction materials science.

RILEM Technical Letters will be published as a Diamond Open Access journal available online free of charge. Publishing in open access format will allow a broad readership from all around the world to get unrestricted access to the latest knowledge in all subfields of RILEM. Moreover, RILEM will provide an additional benefit to its members by waiving publication costs if the corresponding author of the letter is a RILEM member.

On behalf of the whole RILEM community, we would like to thank the authors, reviewers and editors for their priceless contributions and wish the new journal all the success!
Current status on the use of recycled aggregates in concrete: Where do we go from here?
Authors: De Brito Jorge , Silva Rui
Published: July 2016

The consumption of energy and natural resources has been growing exponentially with the significant increase of the economic and industrial activities of the semi-developed nations, becoming one of the major environmental concerns in our time. Several sectors are already pursuing cost-effective solutions to the problem of dumping waste, by reducing their production and adding value to them through their reuse or recycling them into new products, in view of a circular economy. Here, the current state of the recycled aggregates’ application in the concrete industry is briefly reviewed, with a particular focus on the existing obstacles to their widespread use and lacking knowledge in general areas, which need to be further researched.
Phenotypic correlation of hens body weight and reproductive traits of broiler parents
Authors: Djermanovic Vladan , Mitrovic Sreten , Jokic Zivan , Stanisic Goran
Published: July 2016

Examinations were conducted in two flocks of broiler parents? hybrids Ross
308 and Cobb 500. At the beginning of the production cycle (24th weeks of
age) was determined that the average hens body weight of hybrid Ross 308 was
2680.40 g, and to hybrid Cobb 500 was 2697.80 g. At 42nd weeks of age (middle
of the production cycle) hens body weight was 3565.10 g (Ross 308) and
3599.05 g (Cobb 500), while at the end of the production cycle (61st weeks of
age) hens body weight of hybrid Ross 308 was 3841.50 g, and to the Cobb 500
was 3850.00 g. Determined differences of hens body weight (17.40 g, 33.95 g
and 8.50 g) in specific periods of the production cycle, and the difference
in hens body weight for the entire cycle (23.26 g) weren?t statistically
significant (P>0.05). Specific consideration of the impact of hens? body
weight on reproductive performances of broiler parents was determined by
calculating the coefficients of phenotypic correlation among the tested
indicators. Thus, between hens body weight and most reproductive indicators
of broiler parents were determined statistically very significant (P<0.001)
coefficients of phenotypic correlation, while between hens body weight and
the percentages of chickens feasibility from fertilized eggs were determined
significant (P<0.001; P<0.01; P<0.05) correlation coefficients for a slightly
shorter period than anticipated production cycle.
Application of organic waste composts when producing forest planting material
Authors: Romanov Evgeny , Mukhortov Dmitry , Nureeva Tatiana
Published: July 2016

Most seedlings and saplings of woody plants in the Russian Federation are
produced in the open ground in forest nurseries. In order to produce high
quality planting material it is necessary to support and preserve soil
fertility, which can be obtained by using organic wastes and organic-based
fertilizers. Our research is aimed at the assessment of the influence of
non-conventional organic fertilizers on fertility of podzols and on the
growth rate of seedlings and saplings of woody plants in forest nurseries.
Our research shows, that the application of non-conventional organic
fertilizers does not result in any accumulation of heavy metal salts in
podzols, but optimizes hydro physical and agrochemical properties of the
ploughed horizon. The efficiency of non-conventional organic fertilizers
depends on their composition, physical and chemical characteristics of the
original components, their doses applied and original fertility of soils. A
combined application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and sand results
in the optimization of practically all soil fertility parameters in middle
clay-loam soils, while application of non-conventional organic fertilizers
and clay is optimal for application on light soils. The optimal application
dose of non-conventional fertilizers depends on soil texture, woody species
and the fertilizer composition. An optimal application dose for Norway spruce
on a light clay-loam soil is 50-80 tons/ha, and on a middle clay-loam soil is
149-182 tons/ha. It is 50 tons/ha for Scots pine growing on a sandy loam
soil, and 100 tons/ha for the same species growing on a sandy soil or a light
clay-loam. For Siberian larch growing on a light clay-loam soil the dose of
fertilizer applied should be 150 tons/ha. It is recommended to apply composts
containing over 50% (by weight) of Category II wastes (substrate) for the
amelioration of light soils, and composts containing over 40% (by weight) of
Category I wastes (filler) for the amelioration of heavy soils. It would
allow for the optimization of soil properties and production of better
quality planting material in forest nurseries.
Family and intellectual abilities of adolescents as the factors of adolescents’ prosocial behaviour
Authors: Jelic Marija , Stojkovic Irena
Published: July 2016

Previous studies have offered important findings on the frequency of negative
forms of social behaviour in children with intellectual disabilities and
typically developing children. However, there is a lack of studies dealing
with the link between the prosocial behaviour of youth and family variables.
The aim of the conducted research was to study the degree of connection of
the quality of parenting and the level of intellectual development of
adolescents with the prosocial behaviour of adolescents. The sample consisted
of 416 respondents, aged 12 to 18, divided into two groups. One group
comprised 210 adolescents (130 typically developing adolescents and 80
adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities) without parental care, and
the other group included 206 adolescents (130 typically developing
adolescents and 76 adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities) with
parental care. For the assessment of prosocial behaviour we used the subscale
Prosocial behaviour from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires - SDQ.
The results have confirmed that, regardless of intellectual status, young
people without parental care exhibited prosocial behaviour significantly less
frequently than young people with parental care. The findings are discussed
within the context of the starting model. The concluding part of the paper
points to the fact that cognitive deficits are not a limiting factor in the
development of prosocial behaviour of adolescents with mild intellectual
disabilities and that further research is needed on the influence of
environmental factors on the exhibition of prosocial behaviour in
adolescents.
Genome-Wide Association Study of the Modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index Identifies BCL2 and FAM19A2 as Novel Insulin Sensitivity Loci
Authors: Walford Geoffrey A. , Gustafsson Stefan , Rybin Denis , Stančáková Alena , Chen Han , Liu Ching-Ti , Hong Jaeyoung , Jensen Richard A. , Rice Ken , Morris Andrew P. , Mägi Reedik , Tönjes Anke , Prokopenko Inga , Kleber Marcus E. , Delgado Graciela , Silbernagel Günther , Jackson Anne U. , Appel Emil V. , Grarup Niels , Lewis Joshua P. , Montasser May E. , Landenvall Claes , Staiger Harald , Luan Jian’an , Frayling Timothy M. , Weedon Michael N. , Xie Weijia , Morcillo Sonsoles , Martínez-Larrad María Teresa , Biggs Mary L. , Chen Yii-Der Ida , Corbaton-Anchuelo Arturo , Færch Kristine , Gómez-Zumaquero Juan Miguel , Goodarzi Mark O. , Kizer Jorge R. , Koistinen Heikki A. , Leong Aaron , Lind Lars , Lindgren Cecilia , Machicao Fausto , Manning Alisa K. , Martín-Núñez Gracia María , Rojo-Martínez Gemma , Rotter Jerome I. , Siscovick David S. , Zmuda Joseph M. , Zhang Zhongyang , Serrano-Rios Manuel , Smith Ulf , Soriguer Federico , Hansen Torben , Jørgensen Torben J. , Linnenberg Allan , Pedersen Oluf , Walker Mark , Langenberg Claudia , Scott Robert A. , Wareham Nicholas J. , Fritsche Andreas , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Stefan Norbert , Groop Leif , O’Connell Jeff R. , Boehnke Michael , Bergman Richard N. , Collins Francis S. , Mohlke Karen L. , Tuomilehto Jaakko , März Winfried , Kovacs Peter , Stumvoll Michael , Psaty Bruce M. , Kuusisto Johanna , Laakso Markku , Meigs James B. , Dupuis Josée , Ingelsson Erik , Florez Jose C.
Published: July 2016

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found few common variants that influence fasting measures of insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that a GWAS of an integrated assessment of fasting and dynamic measures of insulin sensitivity would detect novel common variants. We performed a GWAS of the modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI) within the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium. Discovery for genetic association was performed in 16,753 individuals, and replication was attempted for the 23 most significant novel loci in 13,354 independent individuals. Association with ISI was tested in models adjusted for age, sex, and BMI and in a model analyzing the combined influence of the genotype effect adjusted for BMI and the interaction effect between the genotype and BMI on ISI (model 3). In model 3, three variants reached genome-wide significance: rs13422522 (NYAP2; P = 8.87 × 10−11), rs12454712 (BCL2; P = 2.7 × 10−8), and rs10506418 (FAM19A2; P = 1.9 × 10−8). The association at NYAP2 was eliminated by conditioning on the known IRS1 insulin sensitivity locus; the BCL2 and FAM19A2 associations were independent of known cardiometabolic loci. In conclusion, we identified two novel loci and replicated known variants associated with insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to clarify the causal variant and function at the BCL2 and FAM19A2 loci.
Predictors of Reduced Frequency of Physical Activity 3 Months After Injury: Findings From the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study
Authors: Harcombe Helen , Samaranayaka Ari , Derrett Sarah
Published: July 2016

Background

Physical inactivity is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. Incurring an injury has been identified as a barrier to physical activity. However, it is not known which factors, if any, are associated with reduced activity among general injury populations.

Objective

The 2 study objectives were: (1) to investigate changes in physical activity frequency from before an injury to 3 months after the injury and (2) to examine the association of preinjury, injury-related, and postinjury factors with reduced physical activity frequency in participants with a range of injury types.

Design

This was a cohort study.

Methods

Participants (N=2,856) who were 18 to 64 years of age were asked about preinjury demographic and health factors, injury-related factors, and postinjury factors. Data were collected through telephone interviewing (88%), a postal questionnaire (11%), and face-to-face interviewing (0.5%) 3 months after the injury.

Results

Of the 2,793 participants for whom complete physical activity data were available, 55% (n=1,536) had reduced physical activity 3 months after the injury event. Preinjury and injury-related factors associated with a greater risk of reduced physical activity included living with non-family members; a lower extremity dislocation, sprain, or strain; and an injury with greater anatomical severity. Postinjury factors associated with reduced physical activity included greater disability, pain or discomfort, poor general health, not having returned to work, and having a worse-than-expected recovery 3 months after the injury. A large proportion (61%) of this cohort with injuries was seen by physical therapists.

Limitations

Data collection was retrospective and based on participant recall.

Conclusions

A large proportion of participants had reduced physical activity 3 months after the injury. Knowledge about preinjury, injury-related, and postinjury characteristics associated with reduced physical activity may help health care professionals identify people at risk of not returning to their preinjury physical activity frequency.
Building a More Complete Understanding of Teacher Evaluation Using Classroom Observations
Authors: Cohen Julie , Goldhaber Dan
Published: July 2016

Improving teacher evaluation is one of the most pressing but also contested areas of educational policy. Value-added measures have received much of the attention in new evaluation systems, but they can only be used to evaluate a fraction of teachers. Classroom observations are almost universally used to assess teachers, yet their statistical properties have received far less empirical scrutiny, in particular in consequential evaluation systems. In this essay, we highlight some conceptual and empirical challenges that are similar across these different measures of teacher quality. Based on a review of empirical research, we argue that we need much more research focused on observations as performance measures. We conclude by sketching out an agenda for future research in this area.
Medical Emergencies in Dental Practice - A Nepalese study
Authors: Joshi Sandhya , Acharya Sudeep
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Medical emergencies can occur in dental practice anytime. Changing demographics in the population and increased life expectancy have resulted in more people having medical conditions which predispose to a medical emergency.Objective: To find the prevalence of medical emergencies in dental practice in Nepal, to assess the preparedness of dentists to manage emergency situation, to find out the ways to improve their preparedness, and to determine the factors affecting the occurrence of medical emergency.Materials & Method: A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaire was done among one hundred and twenty four participants present at the 16th Annual Dental Conference. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and cross tabulation was performed to evaluate categorical variables at a significant level of p< 0.05.Result: The percentage of respondents who reported at least one emergency situation was 37.1%. Majority of the events occurred during oral surgical treatment. According to the survey, the most frequently encountered emergency condition was vasovagal syncope followed by hypoglycemia and seizures. The emergency events were managed by the respondents through various modalities. The dental graduates despite BLS training were found to feel incompetent to manage emergency events.Conclusion: Medical emergencies in dental practice in Nepal are frequent and not as rare as anticipated. Thus periodic training should be provided to improve necessary clinical skills.
Orthodontic and Periodontic Concoction: A Review
Authors: Mishra Sumita , Nanda Smruti Bhusan
Published: July 2016

The article emphasizes on the need for amalgamation of orthodontic and periodontic treatment. The need arises when we need to respect the integrity of the periodontal apparatus enhancing the importance of oral health. The beauty of orthodontics in the long run is envisaged by the surrounding sound environment of gingiva. Orthodontic treatment is carried out in various stages: initial leveling and alignment, space closure and finishing, detailing respecting the force requirements, mechanics; different wires are being used to fit the various clinical situations. The periodontium needs to be in harmony to yield a successful orthodontic treatment outcome