bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Participation of dorsal raphe nucleus in the behavioral alteration observed after discontinuation of chronic diazepam administration: Possible neural circuitry involved
Authors: Almirón Romina Soledad , Ramírez Oscar Angel
Published: February 2005

Previous findings from our laboratory have demonstrated a positive correlation between the development of tolerance to diazepam (DZ) 5 mg/kg/day over 4 days, and increased hippocampal synaptic plasticity. It seems likely that a similar plastic phenomenon may occur on hippocampal formation after chronic (18 days) DZ administration. We postulate hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) underlying substrate to the behavioral alteration observed after chronic DZ administration. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the serotonergic (5‐HT) system in the possible neural circuitry recruited during DZ withdrawal and in the increased hippocampal synaptic plasticity associated with the discontinuation of chronic DZ administration. The results of the current research demonstrate an increased neuronal activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) during withdrawal. Previous MK‐801 administration impairs the development of anxiety signs observed during withdrawal and the concomitant increased electrical activity on 5‐HT neurons on DRN. These results are discussed in terms of the participation of 5‐HT system in the modulation of hippocampal plasticity developed on DZ withdrawal. Synapse 56:61–68, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Membrane function and vascular reactivity
Authors: Bing R. J. , Termin A. , Conforto A. , Dudek R. , Hoffmann M. J.
Published: February 2005

This communication examines the possibility that nitric oxide (NO) production by endothelial cells results from changes in cell membrane fluidity. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) alters fluidity of the endothelial cell membranes causing vascular relaxation. Through membrane alterations LPC influences function of a number of membrane receptors and modulates enzyme activity. As a result of detergent action, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) causes activation of guanylate cyclase, stimulates syalytransferase and regulates protein kinase C activity. It has already been demonstrated that ionic detergents, such as Triton X-100 also cause vascular relaxation, possibly induced by NO production from endothelial cells. It is postulated that production of nitric oxide results from changes in membrane viscosity; this may represent a mechanism for its regulation in biological systems.
High-affinity folate binding in human prostate
Authors: Holm Jan , Hansen Steen Ingemann , Høier-Madsen Mimi
Published: February 2005

Binding of 3H-folate in Triton X-100 solubilized human prostate homogenate was of a high-affinity type and displayed apparent positive cooperativity typical of specific folate binding. Radioligand dissociation was slow at pH 7.4, but rapid at pH 3.5. Gel chromatography reveled two major folate binding proteins (Mr≈100 and 25kDa), but only one single band (Mr ≈ 65–70 kDa) was detectable on SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with rabbit-anti human milk folate binding protein. Concentration of folate binding protein in prostate homogenate expressed as maximum 3H-folate binding was 1.10 nmol/g protein, and the cross-reactivity with rabbit-anti human milk folate binding protein serum was 15% as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (median values; n = 6).
Interaction between perchlorate and nifedipine on insulin secretion from mouse pancreastic islets
Authors: Larsson-Nyrén Gerd , Sehlin Janove
Published: February 2005

In order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the stimulatory effect of perchlorate (ClO4−) on insulin secretion, we have investigated the interaction between this chaotropic anion and the organic calcium antagonist nifedipine. This drug, known as a blocker of L-type calcium channels, was chosen as a tool to test the idea that ClO4− acts on insulin secretion by stimulating the gating of voltage-controlled Ca2+ channels. ClO4− amplified the stimulatory effect of D-glucose on insulin release from perfused pancreas (first and second phases) as well as from isolated islets incubated in static incubations for 60 min. This indicates that ClO4− amplifies physiologically regulated insulin secretion. Nifedipine reduced D-glucose-induced (20 mM) insulin release in a dose-dependent manner with half-maximum effect at about 0.8 μM and apparent maximum effect at 5 μM nifedipine. In the presence of 20 mM D-glucose, the inhibitory effects of 0.5, 1 or 5 μM nifedipine were only slightly, if at all, counteracted by perchlorate. When 12 mM ClO4− and 20 mM D-glucose were combined, calculation of the specific effect of ClO4− revealed that nifedipine produced almost maximum inhibition already at 0.05 μM. Thus, the perchlorate-induced amplification of D-glucose-stimulated insulin release shows higher sensitivity to nifedipine than the D-glucose-effect as such. This supports the hypothesis that perchlorate primarily affects the voltage-sensitive L-type calcium channel in the β-cell.
Characterization of phosphoinositide hydrolysis products induced by hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in rat brain cortex
Authors: del Hoyo N. , Pulido J. A. , Pérez-Albarsanz M. A.
Published: February 2005

Water-soluble inositol metabolites were separated by anion-exchange chromatogrphy in order to determine whether or not γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH, lindane) and related compounds affect phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in rat brain cortex slices. Hydrolysis was increased by δ-and γ-HCH, while α- and β-HCH were inactive. Muscarinic receptor stimulation of rat cortical slices with carbachol increases inositol phosphates formation. The combined effect of carbachol and the hexachlorocyclohexane isomers together were approximately equal to the sum of the effect of each one separately. The results suggest that lindane stimulates phosphoinositide phospholipase C and/or inhibits the phosphases implicated in dephosphorylation of inositol phosphates.
Divalent cation and lipid-protein interactions of biomembranes
Authors: Yang F. Y. , Huang Y. G. , Tu Y. P.
Published: February 2005

Divalent cations play an important role in the functions of biomembranes. This review deals with three topics: (1) Mg2+-mediated change in physical state of phospholipid induces conformation and activity change of reconstituted mitochondrial H+-ATPase, (2) a proper transmembrane Ca2+ gradient is essential for the higher enzymatic activity of adenylate cyclase, and (3) role of transmembrane Ca2+ gradient in the modulation of reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulm Ca2+-ATPase activity.
Influence of imprinting with A and B chains of insulin on binding and functional changes in tetrahymena
Authors: Csaba G. , Kovács P.
Published: February 2005

Insulin and its A and B chain increased the quantity of intracellular PAS-positive material (glycogen) in tetrahymena, whereas the combined A+B chains decreased it. Imprinting—previous interaction—with insulin, its A and B chains in themselves and with the A+B chain increased the hormone binding capacity of tetrahymena, but the functional effect of imprinting (storage or breakdown of glycogen) showed a different tendency with insulin and A+B chain on the one hand, and A chain and B chain on the other. Since the imprinting potential of a molecule promotes the induction of receptor formation, the fact remains that both component chains of insulin were able to act as potential imprinters, although the A chain was superior to the B chain in this respect throughout, and combined treatment with the A+B chain ultimately induced the formation of a similar binding site as insulin itself.
Effect of cystine loading and cystine dimethylester on renal brushborder membrane transport
Authors: Foreman John W. , Benson Linda
Published: February 2005

The effect of loading renal tubule cells with cystine was studied by incubating them with cystine dimethylester. Proline uptake into brushborder membrane vesicles isolated from the cystine loaded cells was not different from that observed into brushborder vesicles isolated from tubules incubated in buffer alone. Incubating brushborder membranes with 2 mM cystine dimethylester for 10 minutes reduced the uptake of proline by 27% after 15 seconds of incubation and by 21% after 60 seconds of incubation. There was no effect after 20 minutes of incubation. Pre-incubating brushborder membrane vesicles with cystine dimethylester had no statistically significant effect on the affinity of priline for the carrier, but did reduce the maximal rate of proline uptake by 49%.
A Basis for Distinguishing Cultured Dendritic Cells and Macrophages in Cytospins and Fixed Sections
Authors: Vakkila Jukka , Lotze Michael T. , Riga Connie , Jaffe Ronald
Published: February 2005

There is a burgeoning literature on the contrasting role of intratumoral dendritic cells (DCs) and tumor-associated macrophages, making reliable identification of both cell types in clinical and experimental tissue sections important. However, because these cell types are closely related and share several differentiation antigens, their absolute distinction in tissue sections is difficult. We differentiated DCs and macrophages from monocytes in vitro, prepared cytospins and paraffin-embedded sections of the various cell populations, and tested a variety of antibodies that purportedly recognize monocytes and DCs for their capacity to react and distinguish cells after conventional formalin fixation. Cultured DCs but not macrophages were detected by fascin, DC-LAMP, and CD83 with a predictable increase in staining that paralleled their maturation. Staining by CD1a was found on immature DCs but was weak and absent on mature DCs and macrophages, respectively. CD14 and CD163 were characteristic for macrophages and absent on DCs. CD68, HLA-DR, and S100 did not discriminate between DCs and macrophages. We conclude that antigens such as HLA-DR and S100 are not in themselves sufficient for identification of DCs in formalin-fixed tissue sections, but that additional macrophage-specific (CD14, CD163) and DC-specific (CD1a, CD83, fascin, DC-LAMP) antigens should be used to distinguish cell types from each other and to provide information on their state of maturation.
Effect of alpha2b adrenergic receptor 301–303 deletion polymorphism on blood pressure response to dietary sodium
Authors: Muszkat M. , Sofowora G. , Dishy V. , Wood A.J.J. , Stein C.M.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P2–P2; doi:
Amiodarone for in‐hospital cardiac resuscitation: A cohort study with long‐term follow up and neurological outcomes
Authors: Wee V. , Zarnke K.B. , Martin J. , Moor R. , Pollak T.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P2–P2; doi:
Reduction in C‐reactive protein stimulated interleukin‐6 production by an hmg coenzyme‐a reductase inhibitor (statin)
Authors: Asanuma Y. , Oeser A. , Stanley E. , Stein C.M.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P3–P3; doi:
Evaluating oral drugs for topical application
Authors: Mitchel J.T. , Mills O.H.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P5–P5; doi:
Levofloxacin (LEV) pharmacokinetics (PK) in patients (PTS) with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and varying severity of illness as assessed by the pneumonia severity index (PSI)
Authors: Chung E. , Drusano G.L. , Nafziger A.N. , Bertino J.S.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P7–P7; doi:
Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of rapid acting intramuscular (raim) olanzapine are similar in Chinese and Caucasians
Authors: Soon D.K. , Chan C. , Wise S.D. , Yeo K. , Lowe S. , Teng L.L.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P8–P8; doi:
The prevalence of prenatal alcohol exposure in neonates suspected of multiple drug exposure
Authors: Chan D. , Bar‐Oz B. , Pellerin B. , Paciorek C. , Karaskov T. , Klein J. , Kapur B. , Farine D. , Koren G.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P9–P9; doi:
Use of limited sampling strategy (LSS) of S‐warfarin (S‐W) concentrations or warfarin (W) S/R ratios as a biomarker for CYP2C9 activity
Authors: Ma J.D. , Nafziger A.N. , Kashuba A.D. , Rowland E. , Gaedigk A. , Kim J.S. , Kim M. , Bertino J.S.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P15–P15; doi:
Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of orally (PO) administered midazolam (MDZ) in the presence and absence of intravenous (IV) flumazenil (F) in healthy volunteers
Authors: Lawendy N.M. , Holt J.L. , Fullerton T. , Nafziger A.N. , Snyder P.J. , Victory J. , Bertino J.S.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P15–P15; doi:
Quantitative prediction of CYP3A‐mediated drug interactions
Authors: Kimura R.E. , Chen Y.C. , Jiyamapa‐Sherna V.A. , Hamman M.A. , Hall S.D. , Galinsky R.E.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P16–P16; doi:
The effect of verapamil administration on the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine
Authors: Lemma G.L. , Hamman M.A. , Hall S.D. , Wang Z.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P16–P16; doi:
Disposition and miotic effects of oral alfentanil: A potential noninvasive probe for first‐pass CYP3A activity
Authors: Kharasch E.D. , Hoffer C.J. , Walker A. , Sheffels P.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P17–P17; doi:
Role of P‐glycoprotein in clinical effects of morphine, fentanyl and methadone
Authors: Kharasch E.D. , Whittington D. , Altuntas T.G. , Sheffels P. , Hoffer C.J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P17–P17; doi:
Correlation of intrinsic clearance estimates for erythromycin N‐demethylation (ERMND) and midazolam 1′‐hydroxylation (MDZOH) with CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 content using human liver microsomes (HLM)
Authors: Lyke A.C. , Nelsen A.C. , Paine M.F. , Rowland E.E. , Kashuba A.D. , Lindley C. , Clarke M.J. , Hawke R.L.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P19–P19; doi:
Implications of including and excluding correlation of random effects in hierarchical mixed effects pharmacokinetic (PK) models
Authors: Gobburu J.V. , Mould D.R. , Holford N.H.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P25–P25; doi:
The Prevalence of Cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 Polymorphisms in African‐Americans (AA) on Hemodialysis (HD)
Authors: Dreisbach A.W. , Japa S. , Gebrekal A.B. , Rettie A.E. , Lertora J.J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P25–P25; doi:
N‐Acetylcysteine is Protective in Lithium Induced Renal Failure in Rats
Authors: Efrati S. , Averbukh Z. , Dishy V. , Averbukh M. , Feldman L. , Sandback Y. , Weissgarten J. , Golik A.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P25–P25; doi:
Measurement of 1‐[2‐[Bis(4‐Fluorophenyl)Methoxy] Ethyl]‐4‐(3‐Hydroxy‐3‐Phenylpropyl) Piperazine and Its Anti‐cocaine Prodrug Decanoate Ester in Rhesus Monkey Plasma using HPLC‐Fluorescence Detection and in Vitro Metabolism Study on the Prodrug
Authors: Bi D. , Helbling N. , Cherstniakova S.A. , Fuller D.R. , Anderson L.W. , Glowa J.R. , Cantilena L.R.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P27–P27; doi:
Simultaneous Determination of N,N‐Diethyl‐M‐Toluamide and Permethrin by GC‐MS and Pyridostigmine Bromide by HPLC in Human Plasma. Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies
Authors: Cherstniakova S. , Garcia G. , Strong J. , Helbling N. , Bi D. , Roy M. , Cantilena L.R.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P27–P27; doi:
Response Surface Analysis of Acetaminophen (APAP) Overdose Hepatotoxicity — Unmasking the Data
Authors: Spyker D.A. , Connelly R. , Davalloo S.S. , Hopkinson L.M. , Michels G.H. , Rumack B.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P27–P27; doi:
Sertraline Prevents Postpartum Depression
Authors: Wisner K.L. , Peindl K.S. , Perel J.M. , Hanusa B.H. , Piontek C.M. , Finding R.L.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P27–P27; doi:
Steady‐State PK/PD of Bupropion SR in Adolescents — Comparisons to Adult Findings
Authors: Perel J.M. , Daviss W. , Axelson D. , Rudolph G. , Nuss S.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P28–P28; doi:
Pharmacokinetics (PK) Effectiveness (E) and Tolerability (T) of Transdermal Selegiline (STS) in Children (C) and Adolescents (A) with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Reed M. , Findling R. , Greenhill L. , Sallee F.R. , Conners K. , Blumer J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P28–P28; doi:
Suboptimal Pharmacotherapy for Depression in Pregnancy
Authors: Nulman I. , Gargaun S. , Koren G.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P28–P28; doi:
Human Catecholamine Sulfotransferase (SULT1A3) Pharmacogenetics: Common Functional Genetic Polymorphism in African‐American Subjects
Authors: Thomae B. , Rifki O. , Theobald M. , Eckloff B. , Wieben E. , Weinshilboum R.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P29–P29; doi:
Percutaneous Resiniferatoxin‐Induced Incisional Pain Analgesia
Authors: Neubert J.K. , Mannes A. , Karai L. , Iadarola M.J. , Dionne R.A.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P30–P30; doi:
Ambulatory Cardiac Monitoring (ACM) is Important in the Evaluation of New Chemical Entities
Authors: Wessels D.H. , Gray F. , Koch A. , Jordaan P. , Potgieter M.A. , Lambert J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P31–P31; doi:
A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Crossover, Ascending Dose Tolerance and Pharmacokinetic Study of CVT‐3146: A Novel Agent For Potential Use in Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Cannon R.O. , Freestone S. , Mair S.J. , Jerling M. , Skettino S.L. , Bellardinelli L. , Wolff A.A.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P31–P31; doi:
Comparison of the Variability of the QT Interval From Ambulatory Electrocardiography in Normal and CAD Subjects
Authors: Callahan T. , Quyyumi A.A. , Gomez H.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P32–P32; doi:
Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD) of Argatroban in Combination With A GP IIB/IIIA Antagonist in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
Authors: Cox D.S. , Aluri J. , Minthorn E. , Holdbrook F. , Parchman L. , Fossler M.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P32–P32; doi:
Effects of Drug Treatment on Osteoporosis Using A Disease Progress Model
Authors: Chung S. , Ahn H. , Wei X.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P33–P33; doi:
Misdiagnosis of Ischemic Colitis As Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Brinker A. , Senior J. , Beitz J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P33–P33; doi:
Phase I Safety and Immunogenicity of A Three‐Component H. Pylori Vaccine
Authors: Rosenkranz B. , Malfertheiner P. , Schultze V. , Giudice G. Del , Kaufmann S. , Jaehnig P. , Novicki D. , Goldman M. , Palla E. , Rappuoli R. , Scharschmidt B.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P34–P34; doi:
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Telithromycin After Single and Multiple Doses in Patients with Renal Impairment
Authors: Shi J. , Montay G. , Chapel S. , Hardy P. , Barrett J. , Sack M. , Marbury T. , Swan S. , Vargas R. , Leclerc V. , Leroy B. , Bhargava V.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P35–P35; doi:
Sustained 3‐Day Intravenous Cocaine Exposure Decreases Appetite and Hunger But Does Not Alter Food Intake Patterns in Cocaine‐Dependent Volunteers
Authors: Manari A.P. , Uemura N. , Nath R.P. , Harris D.S. , Jones R.T. , Mendelson J.E.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P35–P35; doi:
Lack of Efficacy of Botulinum A Toxin in The Treatment of Detrusor Sphincter Dyssynergia in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Bellissant E. , Gallien P.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P37–P37; doi:
Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD) of Nizatidine (NIZ) in Young Infants
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman S.M. , Johnson F.K. , Staiano A. , Manowitz N. , Kearns G.L.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P38–P38; doi:
Review of Drug Labeling For Information Regarding Lactation
Authors: Uhl K. , Peat R. , Toigo T. , Kennedy D.L. , Kweder S.L.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P39–P39; doi:
Structure‐Activity Relationships As Predictors of Adverse Drug Events (ADES)
Authors: Knudsen J.F. , Sokol G.H. , Cantilena L.R.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P39–P39; doi:
Appropriateness of “Stat” and “Now” Orders
Authors: Sokol G.H. , Mattea E. , Knudsen J.F. , Murgo A. , Edenfield A. , Cantilena L.R.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P40–P40; doi:
Comparative Risks of Myocardial Infarction With Triptans
Authors: Ahmad S.R. , Lee L. , Brinker A. , Beitz J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P40–P40; doi:
Genetic Polymorphism of Cytochrome P450 2C19 in Vietnamese Population
Authors: Le H.T. , Lee S. , Yoon Y. , Cha I. , Phan C.V. , Shin J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P40–P40; doi:
CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and MDR‐1 Variant Alleles in The Dutch Caucasian Population
Authors: van Schaik R. , van der Werf M. , van der Heiden I.P. , Dorrestein S. , Brosens R. , Thiadens A. , van Iperen N. , van Fessem M. , van Vliet M. , de Wildt S.N. , van den Anker J. , Lindemans J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P42–P42; doi:
Pharmacogenetic Predictors of Tamoxifen Effect on Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Rehman M.I. , Lee K. , Skaar T. , Arefayene M. , Stearns V. , Flockhart D.A.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P42–P42; doi:
Tolvaptan Has No Effect On Steady State Amiodarone Concentrations
Authors: Shoaf S.E. , Wang Z. , Sekar K. , Orlandi C. , Bramer S.L.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P44–P44; doi:
Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Posaconazole in Subjects With Varying Degrees of Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Courtney R. , Sansone A. , Statkevich P. , Martinho M. , Richards W. , Laughlin M.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P45–P45; doi:
Comparison of Bioequivalency of Single‐Dose Oxycodone/Ibuprofen Combination With Oxycodone or Ibuprofen Alone
Authors: Kapil R. , Nolting A. , Roy P. , Fiske W. , Benedek I.H. , Abramowitz W.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P46–P46; doi:
Pharmacokinetics of Metformin in Pediatric Type 2 Diabetic and Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Gao X. , Christensen M. , Burghen G.A. , Velasquez‐Mieyer P. , Moore K.T. , Donahue S.R. , Reeves R.A. , Turner K.C.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P46–P46; doi:
Bazedoxifene Acetate Dose Proportionality in Healthy, Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Ermer J. , McKeand W. , Sullivan P. , Parker V. , Orczyk G.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P46–P46; doi:
Bazedoxifene Acetate Metabolic Disposition in Healthy, Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Chandrasckaran A. , Ermer J. , McKeand W. , Lee H. , DeMaio W. , Kotake A. , Sullivan P. , Orczyk G. , Scatina J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P47–P47; doi:
Brain and Spinal Cord Distribution of Reference Compounds With Varying Degrees of CNS Penetration in A Rat Model of Cerebral Inflammation
Authors: Dautrey S. , Projcan D. , Roumi M. , Ducharme J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P48–P48; doi:
Duration of Grapefruit Juice Effect on Fexofenadine Interaction
Authors: Dresser G. K. , Kim R. B. , Bailey D. G.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P48–P48; doi:
Plasma Concentrations of Desethyloxybutynin (DEO), The Primary Active Metabolite of Oxybutynin (OXY), Are Inversely Related to Salivary Production
Authors: Guay D. R.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P49–P49; doi:
Simultaneous Pharmacokinetic‐Pharmacodynamic Modeling and Phase 2 Clinical Trial Simulation of A Reversible Proton Pump Inhibitor
Authors: Bae K. , Lim H. , Hong K. , Chung J. , Yi S. , Cho J. , Jang I. , Hong W. , Shin S.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P51–P51; doi:
Outcome of nonmem analysis depends on modeling strategy
Authors: Bies R.R. , Sale M.E. , Smith G. , Muldoon M. , Lotrich F.E. , Pollock B.G.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P52–P52; doi:
Platelet aggregation inhibition by naproxen, rofecoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and meloxicam
Authors: Schwartz J.I. , Van Hecken A. , De Lepeleire I. , Depre M. , Wong P. , Ebel D. , Gertz B. , De Schepper P.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P53–P53; doi:
Frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRS) in SLE
Authors: Krizova A. , Pope J. , Jerome D. , Fenlon D. , Rieder M.J. , Ouimet J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P54–P54; doi:
Etiprednol dicloacetate. A corticosteroid with no effects on HPA axis function: A randomized controlled assessment in healthy volunteers
Authors: Howes J.F. , Verhangen A. , Halabi A. , Bodor N.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P54–P54; doi:
AZD3582, A cox‐inhibiting nitric oxide donator (CINOD), reduces pain, inflammation and fever in rats
Authors: Sharma R.K. , Raud J. , Hoogstraate J. , Berge O.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P54–P54; doi:
Repeated exposure to amethocaine: reports of adverse local skin reactions
Authors: O'Brien L.A. , Lyszkiewicz D. , Taddio A. , Koren G.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P54–P54; doi:
Safety and tolerability and absorption of topical thalidomide
Authors: Gordon S.M. , Wahl S.M. , Picco C. , Dionne R.A.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P55–P55; doi:
Lack of genotype: phenotype associations between CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3C, CYP3A5*6 and midazolam metabolism in european‐ and african‐americans
Authors: Floyd M. , Gervasini G. , Bhat K. , George A. , Mayo G. , Wilkinson G.R. , Wilkinson G.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P55–P55; doi:
Variability of bupropion pharmacokinetics in relation to amino acid polymorphisms in CYP2B6
Authors: Brockmöller J. , Kirchheiner J. , Klein C. , Sasse J. , Roots I.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P56–P56; doi:
Contribution of CYP3A5 genetic polymorphism in cyclosporine pharmacokinetics assessed from routine TDM data using mixed effect modeling
Authors: Chung J. , Cho J. , Lim H. , Hong K. , Oh D. , Yi S. , Shin S. , Jang I.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P56–P56; doi:
Role of P‐Glycoprotein in the intestinal absorption of morphine, fentanyl and methadone
Authors: Kharasch E.D. , Whittington D. , Hoffer C.J. , Altuntas T.G. , Sheffels P.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P58–P58; doi:
MDR‐1 C3435T gene polymorphism does not correlate with P‐Glycoprotein expression and function in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: van der Heiden I.P. , van den Heuvel M.M. , Wiemer E. , Pieters R. , Lindemans J. , van den Anker J. , van Schaik R.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P58–P58; doi:
Functional characterization of MRP2 allelic variants using OATP‐C/MRP2 double‐transfected hela cells
Authors: Ho R.H. , Leake B.F. , Kim R.B.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P59–P59; doi:
Pharmacogenetics of flavopiridol, glucuronidation
Authors: Desai A. , Grimsley C. , Innocenti F. , Kuttob‐Boulos H. , Ramirez J. , Rienzo A. Di , Ratain M. J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P60–P60; doi:
Functional characterization of the 5′‐regulatory region of human CYP2C19
Authors: Arefayene Million , Zhao Xiaojiong , Tanus‐Santos Jose E. , Brinkmann Ulrich , Brehm Ilka , Nguyen Anne , Flockhart David A. , Skaar Todd
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P60–P60; doi:
Localization of the distal enhancer elements conferring synergistic activation of the human CYP2B6 gene by the constitutive androstane receptor and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α
Authors: Lee W. , Tirona R. G. , Kim R. B.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P60–P60; doi:
Irreversible inhibition of intestinal cytochrome 3A (CYP3A) by clarithromycin
Authors: Pinto A. G. , Chalasani N. , Hall S. D. , Ali A. , Hamman M.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P61–P61; doi:
Allelic variation of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and CYP3A4 activity
Authors: Gaedigk A. , Feldmeyer J. , Czerwinski M. , Parkinson A. , Leeder J. S.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P61–P61; doi:
Interaction of the glycoprotein IIB/IIIA‐inhibitor YM337 with unfractionated heparin and aspirin in humans
Authors: Graff J. , Klinkhardt U. , Westrup D. , Breddin H. , Harder S.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P62–P62; doi:
Nesiritide in the management of congestive heart failure: A retrospective study of hemodynamics and adverse events in a community teaching hospital
Authors: Rasty S. , Mohammed S. H.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P63–P63; doi:
Regulatory review intervals for ophthalmic new drug applications at the U.S. food and drug administration
Authors: Novack G. D.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P64–P64; doi:
A double‐blind, randomized, controlled study of the analgesic efficacy and tolerance of hydrocodone 5 mg/APAP 500 mg, hydrocodone 10mg/APAP 1000 mg and placebo in patients with pain following podiatric surgery
Authors: Brown J. D. , Reber K. R. , O'Callaghan R. , Turpin M.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P64–P64; doi:
Influence of omeprazole (O) on the bioavailability of BI from a single‐triple (ST) capsule of bismuth biskalcitrate (BK) + tetracycline (T) + metronidazole (M) for eradication of helicobacter pylori
Authors: Lefebyre M. , Tremblay C. , Aumais C. , Massicotte J. , Spenard J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P65–P65; doi:
Pharmacokinetics of a glyburide/metformin combination tablet in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Turner K. C. , Christensen M. , Connor J. D. , Moore K. T. , Gao X. , Donahue S. R.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P66–P66; doi:
Long‐term pharmacotherapy for weight loss in patients with obesity
Authors: Padwal R. S. , Li S. K. , Lau D.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P66–P66; doi:
Lack of effect of aprepitant on digoxin pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects
Authors: Lee Y. , Orlowski L. H. , Michiels N. , Petty K. J. , Goldberg M. R. , Dru J. , Chavez‐Eng C. M. , Constanzer M. , Murphy G. , Gottesdiener K. , Hesney M. , Feuring M. , Wehling M.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P66–P66; doi:
Population pharmacokinetic (PPK) modeling and simulation‐derived dosing of intravenous busulfan (Busulfex) in pediatric patients
Authors: Booth B. P. , Rahman A. , Dagher R. N. , Griebel D. , Lai A. , Lennon S. , Fuller D. , Gobburu J. V.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P66–P66; doi:
Reduced effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of lonafarnib following multiple oral doses
Authors: Zhu Y. , Statkevich P. , Cutler D. L. , Calzetta A. , Rosen L. S. , Curtis D. , Batra V. K. , Plough Schering
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P67–P67; doi:
L‐type calcium channels mediate the vascular effects of potassium chloride in human hand veins in vivo
Authors: Schindler C. , Grossmann M. , Dobrev D. , Hultsch E. , Kirch W.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P68–P68; doi:
Association of alpha 2B‐adrenergic receptor insertion/deletion polymorphism with hypertension and obesity
Authors: Rantinella R. P. , Langaee T. Y. , Aquilante C. L. , Johnson J. A.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P68–P68; doi:
Population pharmacokinetics and effects of indinavir in HIV infected patients
Authors: Csajka C. , Marzolini C. , Fattinger K. , Decosterd L. A. , Telenti A. , Biollaz J. , Buclin T.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P69–P69; doi:
The effect of gepirone‐er on steady state pharmacodynamics of warfarin
Authors: Spaans E. , Eckl K. M. , Moeller M. , Schnabel P. G. , Timmer C. J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P71–P71; doi:
Maternal‐fetal transfer and amniotic fluid accumulation of antiretroviral drugs in HIV infected pregnant women
Authors: Chappuy H. , Treluyer J. , Dimet J. , Rey E. , Foucher M. , Firtion G. , Pons G. , Mandelbrot L.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P72–P72; doi:
Pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic analysis of data from a phase III trial of linezolid IV/PO for the treatment of resistant gram‐positive bacterial infections in children
Authors: Vo M. , Rubino C. M. , Cirincione B. B. , Bruss J. , Jungbluth G. L.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P74–P74; doi:
Safety and efficacy of cyclobenzaprine 5mg in acute musculoskeletal spasm
Authors: Korn S. , Tipping R. , Belle S. Van , Kobylinski E. , Ciccone P. E.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P74–P74; doi:
Impact of CYP2C9 amino acid variants Arg144Cys and Ile359Leu on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nateglinide
Authors: Brockmöller J. , Kirchheiner J. , Müller G. , Meineke I. , Meisel C. , Roots I.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P76–P76; doi:
Influence of CYP2D6 genotype on the QTc interval and plasma concentrations of thioridazine and its metabolites in psychiatric patients taking chronic therapy
Authors: Thanacoody R. , Daly A. K. , Thomas S. H.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P77–P77; doi:
Bioavailability (F) of Divalproex Sodium Extended Release (ER) Tablets Relative to Divalproex sodium Delayed Release (DR) Tablets: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Dutta S. , Zhang Y. , Sommerville K. W.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P79–P79; doi:
CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP2C9 Are Responsible For The N‐Demethylation of Meperidine to Normeperidine in Vitro
Authors: Santucci R. , Innocenti F. , Ramirez J. , House L. , Ratain M.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P79–P79; doi:
Metabolomics: Study of Simultaneous Enzyme Kinetics of CYP450 Based Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Jadhav P. R. , Rege B. , Sarkar M. A.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P80–P80; doi:
Relative Oral Bioavailability of Methotrexate in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Kurnik D. H. , Chowers Y. , Fishbein E. , Almog S. , Loebstein R. , Halkin H.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P80–P80; doi:
Significant Interactions between CYP Probes in A 6‐Drug Cocktail
Authors: Tran J. Q. , Lin X. , Garrett M. , Hee B. , Wilner K.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P80–P80; doi:
Tacrolimus Dose Requirement Is Significantly Higher When Used in Combination With Cortico‐Steroids
Authors: Hesselink D. A. , Nguyen H. , Wabbijn M. , Gregoor P. J. Smak , Steyerberg E. W. , van Riemsdijk I. C. , Weimar W. , van Gelder T.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P81–P81; doi:
Assessment of Metabolic Inhibition Potential of Enfuvirtide Using a 5‐Drug Cocktail in HIV‐1 Infected Patients
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Patel Indravadan H. , Lalezari Jacob , Badley Andrew , Hawker Nina , Dorr Albert , Kolis Stanley J. , Kinchelow Tosca
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P81–P81; doi:
Nateglinide Does Not Affect The Pharmacokinetics (PK) or Pharmacodynamics (PD) of Acenocoumarol
Authors: Sunkara G. , Ligueros‐Saylan M. , Bigler H. , Wang Y. , Smith T. , McLeod J. , Prasad P.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P82–P82; doi:
Evaluation and Interpretation of Covariate Effects in Population Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Analysis ‐ Comparison Between Different Approaches
Authors: Xiao A. J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P83–P83; doi:
P450‐Mediated Metabolism of Chlorpheniramine (CPM) In Vitro
Authors: Yasuda S. U. , Soukhova N.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P84–P84; doi:
Population Pharmacokinetics of Meropenem in Febrile Neutropenics Using NPEM and Optimal Sampling Design
Authors: Ariano R. , Nyhlen A. , Donnelly J. , Harding G. , Zelenitsky S. , Sitar D.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P85–P85; doi:
An Integrated Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) Model For SB‐480848 Inhibition of Plasma Lipoprotein‐Associated Phospholipase A2 (LP‐PLA2) Enzyme Activity in Human
Authors: Magee M. H. , Ilson B. E. , Shaddinger B. C. , Hossain M.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P86–P86; doi:
A Study of Liver Transaminases During Placebo Treatment in Phase I Drug Trials
Authors: Mathur A. , Wang R. , Wallace D. , Patterson S. , Mortimer A. , Brown L. , Williams W. V. , Ilson B. , O'Donnell E. , Fernandez P.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P86–P86; doi:
A Comparison of Three Methods For Predicting Lithium Doses in Chinese Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Chang Y. , Huang H. , Chou M. , Lin M.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P88–P88; doi:
Colon Cancer Cell Apoptosis Induced By Exisulind is Potentiated By A Bacterial Heat‐Stable Enterotoxin (ST)
Authors: Li T. , Baksh I. , Waldman S. A. , Pitari G. M.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P89–P89; doi:
Mealtime Pramlintide Administration Reduces Early Postprandial Glucose Excursions When Added to Regular Insulin or Insulin Lispro in Patients With Diabetes: A Dose‐Timing Study
Authors: Fineman M. S. , Johnson S. B.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P90–P90; doi:
N‐Acetylcysteine to Prevent Contrast‐Induced Nephrotoxicity: Effects on Renal Function, Nitric Oxide Metabolism and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Efrati S. , Dishy V. , Averbuch M. , Blatt A. , Krakover R. , Weissgarten J. , Morrow J. , Stein C. M. , Golik A.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P91–P91; doi:
Relationship Between Corticosteroid Therapy and Atherosclerosis in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Asanuma Y. , Oeser A. , Shintani A. , Raggi P. , Stein C. M.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P91–P91; doi:
Effects of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gliclazide
Authors: Park J. , Kim K. , Shin J.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P93–P93; doi:
Evaluation of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction between pagoclone and ethanol
Authors: Haig G. M. , Giordani B. , Randinitis E. J. , Mitchell D. Y.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P93–P93; doi:
Do drugs withdrawn in recent years have greater risk in women? Findings from postmarketing reporting of adverse events data
Authors: Chen M. , Huang S.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P95–P95; doi:
Differences in QTC interval between male and female subjects prescribed the class III antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone
Authors: Thomas S. H. , Eraky H. El
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P96–P96; doi:
Evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes related to the vanilloid receptor and cyclooxygenase‐2 in human pain sensitivity
Authors: Kim H. , Neubert J. K. , Iadarola M. J. , Goldman D. , Dionne R. A.
Published: February 2005

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P98–P98; doi:
South Africa and the political economy of regional cooperation in Southern Africa
Authors: Hentz James J.
Published: February 2005

Post-apartheid South Africa has recast its regional relations. Nonetheless, much of the literature depicts its policy as a projection of captured interests, for instance big business as embedded in Pretoria's apparent neo-liberal turn. Instead, post-apartheid South Africa's regional relations represent a political compromise, albeit not necessarily an explicit one, that reflects the different visions of South Africa's regional role and their respective political bases. Because their policies reflect the push and pull of competing constituencies, democratic states are rarely one dimensional. Post-apartheid South Africa is no exception, as it attempts to square the political circle of competing political constituencies, such as big business and labour. South Africa's regional relations and, in particular, its policy of regional economic cooperation/integration, are best understood as a reflection of the competing interests within its domestic political economy.
The role of democracy in Uganda's move to universal primary education
Authors: Stasavage David
Published: February 2005

In recent years several democratically elected African governments have abolished primary school fees following pledges made during presidential election campaigns. Among these cases, Uganda's universal primary education (UPE) programme, launched in 1997, has received particular attention, due to the massive increase in primary school enrolment, as well the sustained increase in public spending on education that it has entailed. This paper asks whether the Ugandan government's policies in this area can be explained by the prior establishment of competitive elections in 1996. It provides several reasons to believe that the move to UPE has indeed been linked to democratic politics, and that this outcome has depended on the salience of education as an issue, as well as on the public's access to information about UPE. As a result, recent Ugandan experience helps show why the establishment of competitive elections might prompt an African government to spend more on primary education. However, it also suggests why in many African countries a democratic transition will have little effect on primary education provision.
Drip-tips do not impair the development of epiphyllous rain-forest lichen communities
Authors: Lücking Robert , Bernecker-Lücking Andrea
Published: February 2005

Drip-tips are a common phenomenon in tropical rain forests, often believed to facilitate drainage of water from the leaf surface and, in that way, reduce epiphyll growth. Some authors suggest a function in reducing splash soil erosion, leaching of substances from the leaf, and light reflectance, while other studies did not find any such correlations. We used an experimental approach to test for the effect of drip-tips on the development of epiphyllous lichen communities. Artificial leaves with and without pronounced drip-tips were exposed in a tropical lowland rain forest at La Selva Biological Station (Costa Rica) for a period of 38 mo, and the physical behaviour of rainwater was tested. On leaves with drip-tips, the water ran off in small, frequent drops 8–30 mm3 in size. On leaves without drip-tips, the water accumulated in the apex region and dripped off periodically in large drops 50–150 mm3 in size. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the development of epiphyllous lichen communities on leaves with and without drip-tips, in terms of area covered, species richness and composition. However, leaves without drip-tips had more debris accumulated in the apex region and, at the same time, fewer lichen species present in this region. Thus, while drip-tips do have an influence on how water is channelled off the leaf surface, they do not impair the development of epiphyllous lichen communities, except for the apex region where the presence of drip-tips does in fact enhance, not reduce, the establishment of lichens, by preventing the accumulation of debris. We conclude that, while drip-tips may have an ecological function, this function is unrelated to the development of epiphyllous lichen communities.
Long- and short-term induction of defences in seedlings of Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae): support for the carbon:nutrient balance hypothesis
Authors: Massey Fergus P. , Press Malcolm C. , Hartley Sue E.
Published: February 2005

The induction of carbon-based secondary metabolites in leaves following damage has been proposed to be a result of a shift in the carbon:nutrient balance, when growth is limited by nutrients in relation to carbon. Here we test this hypothesis using seedlings of a tropical tree, Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae). In the short term, we analysed the phenolic content of leaves 7 d after damage on seedlings grown under differing light and nutrient treatments. In the long term, we examined the effect of nutrients, over 12 mo, on leaf phenolic concentration and seedling growth. In both the long and short term, levels of phenolics increased in damaged leaves under low nutrient treatments. No changes in leaf phenolics were detected under high nutrient regimes, or in the short term under low light. In addition, it was found that defoliation of seedlings in high-nutrient environments led to greater rates of leaf production than in undamaged seedlings, suggesting compensation.
Faecal shield of the tortoise beetle Plagiometriona aff. flavescens (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) as chemically mediated defence against predators
Authors: Nogueira-de-Sá Flávia , Trigo José Roberto
Published: February 2005

Larvae of Plagiometriona aff. flavescens carry a structure on their back made of faeces and exuviae, called faecal shield, which may protect larvae against natural enemies. Previous investigations suggested that the nature of such protection was chemical. To test if chemicals found in the faecal shield of Plagiometriona aff. flavescens provided defence for larvae, experiments in the field and in the laboratory (using the ant Camponotus crassus, and chicks Gallus gallus as model predators) were undertaken. Both field and laboratory experiments showed that live larvae with faecal shields, as well as baits treated with faecal shield extracts, were rejected by predators, confirming the chemical nature of this kind of defence.