bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-pressure solvent extraction of oil from macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) pulp: characterization of oil and defatted meal
Authors: Trentini Caroline Portilho , Oliveira Dalany Menezes , Zanette Cristina Maria , Silva Camila da
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to extract the oil from macauba pulp using a low-pressure solvent extraction, as well as characterisation of the extracts and defatted meal obtained using different solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and isopropanol). Results reported higher yields in oil, 27.43%, using isopropanol (P<0.05), wherein the highest levels of β-carotene in the extract, 348.30mg 100g-1, were obtained with this solvent. In the composition of the extracts, monounsaturated fatty acids were predominantly found, and it was reported that the type of solvent had no significant influence (P>0.05) on the composition; however, in the quantification of free glycerol compounds, isopropanol showed higher levels, 104.15mg 100g-1, of these compounds (P<0.05). Meals had higher ash, protein and fibre content when compared to pulp. Thus, oil removal can be stated to promote water retention capacity; however, it has no influence on the other technological characteristics evaluated.
Incorporação de fonte de nitrogênio em partículas de PVA e alginato de sódio e estudo da influência de ciclos de congelamento/descongelamento na caracterização do produto
Authors: Nardi Sinara Queli Welter , Teixeira Sirlei Dias , Parabocz Cristiane Regina Budziak
Published: January 2016

Neste trabalho foram incorporadas duas fontes de nitrogênio (ureia e caulinita intercalada com ureia) em matriz polimérica de álcool polivinílico e alginato de sódio na proporção de 3:1, utilizando a metodologia de gotejamento em solução de CaCl2. As partículas foram submetidas ao congelamento e posterior descongelamento com o intuito de melhorar a estrutura e resistência térmica da matriz polimérica. As partículas foram caracterizadas através de Análise Elementar, FTIR, DRX e Análise Térmica. As partículas que apresentaram as melhores formulações foram as de álcool polivinílico+alginato de sódio+ureia, pois apresentaram eficiência de incorporação próximas as das partículas de álcool polivinílico+alginato de sódio+caulinita intercalada, mas com maior estabilidade térmica, cerca de 200 °C.
Previdência Social: a saga entre trabalho e adoecimento
Authors: Severiano Evânia Maria Oliveira , Macêdo Alano do Carmo
Published: January 2016

Resumo Este artigo propõe reflexões acerca do acesso dos sujeitos ao reconhecimento do direito previdenciário. A abordagem qualitativa possibilitou a análise do movimento das realidades dos usuários. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais e grupos focais com usuários da política pública previdenciária na Gerência Executiva do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social em Fortaleza, Ceará. Problematiza, ainda, um espaço público tocado pela linguagem do direito, ensejando possibilidades do saber e poder popular.
Cuestión social y constitución del sujeto receptor en la Asignación Universal por Hijo para Protección Social
Authors: Servio Mariana
Published: January 2016

Resumen El artículo analiza algunos aspectos de la Asignación Universal por Hijo para Protección Social, medida que desde su implementación en el año 2009 la colocan en el centro de las reflexiones actuales en lo que respecta al rol del Estado en materia protección social en Argentina. Partiendo de identificar líneas de continuidad y puntos de ruptura que la Asignación Universal introduce respecto de la lógica de intervención social característica de la racionalidad política neoliberal, se avanza en detectar qué supone de nuevo como así también qué de permanente, en términos de cómo es entendida, pensada y abordada la cuestión social y sus implicancias en términos de la constitución del sujeto receptor de la política social.
Diagnostic comparison of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis through microbiological culture and PCR in sheep samples
Authors: Nassar Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro , Daniel Gabriela Terezinha , Ruiz Regina , Miyashiro Simone , Scannapieco Eloísa Maria , Souza Neto Juraci de , Gregory Lilian
Published: January 2016

Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , which is a bacterium responsible for a great number of economic losses on goat and sheep production. It is characterized by the formation of abscesses in superficial lymph nodes and in internal organs and lymph nodes. This study aimed at determining the agreement between microbiological culture and PCR in the identification of C. pseudotuberculosis , in samples collected from animals in slaughterhouses and in animals that presented lymph node enlargement in field conditions. From the 202 samples analyzed through microbiological culture, 113 (56%) were positive for Corynebacterium sp.; from these positive samples, 38 (34%) were identified as C. pseudotuberculosis by microbiological culture. From the amount of samples, 110 (54%) were positive and 92 (46%) were negative in the PCR. Kappa index (0.193) presented a weak agreement between PCR and microbiological culture. We concluded that molecular diagnosis (PCR) in clinical samples proved to be more efficient, reproducible, and faster than the microbiological culture, both on clinical samples analyses and in the confirmation of C. pseudotuberculosis in colonies that were classified by Corynebacterium genus. Thus, the present study demonstrated the importance of PCR to confirm C. pseudotuberculosis diagnosis, and the best contribution for the epidemiological surveillance of the disease in sheep.
Poesias completas ou páginas de "assaz melancolia"?
Authors: Ribas Maria Cristina Cardoso , Rangel Vagner Leite
Published: January 2016

Resumo Ao reunir os livros de poesia num único volume, Machado registrou que "[...] seria melhor ligar o novo livro [...]" – Ocidentais – "aos três últimos publicados, Crisálidas,Falenas, Americanas".1 Esta observação encontra-se na advertência ao leitor de Poesias completas, e subsidia nossa hipótese: o xeque-mate do último eu lírico machadiano. Mas é preciso empreender o percurso proposto pelo poeta para acessar o referido xeque-mate lírico: a sensível variação da voz poética, que consiste em retificar a (auto)imagem do poeta. Não implicaria, tal configuração livresca e poética, uma espécie de transposição da teoria das edições de Brás Cubas, visto que as páginas de Ocidentais, último livro-capítulo de Poesias completas, não só põem em xeque o dito anteriormente como também solicitam outra leitura?
CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS TO CONTROL LEPROSY AND THE PERSPECTIVE OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN BRAZIL: A PRIMER FOR NON-EPIDEMIOLOGISTS
Authors: CUNHA Sergio Souza da , BIERRENBACH Ana Luiza , BARRETO Vitor Hugo Lima
Published: January 2016

The occurrence of leprosy has decreased in the world but the perspective of its elimination has been questioned. A proposed control measure is the use of post-exposure chemoprophylaxis (PEP) among contacts, but there are still questions about its operational aspects. In this text we discuss the evidence available in literature, explain some concepts in epidemiology commonly used in the research on this topic, analyze the appropriateness of implementing PEP in the context of Brazil, and answer a set of key questions. We argue some points: (1) the number of contacts that need to receive PEP in order to prevent one additional case of disease is not easy to be generalized from the studies; (2) areas covered by the family health program are the priority settings where PEP could be implemented; (3) there is no need for a second dose; (4) risk for drug resistance seems to be very small; (5) the usefulness of a serological test to identify a higher risk group of individuals among contacts is questionable. Given that, we recommend that, if it is decided to start PEP in Brazil, it should start on a small scale and, as new evidence can be generated in terms of feasibility, sustainability and impact, it could move up a scale, or not, for a wider intervention.
VIROLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF RABIES IN BATS FROM AN URBAN AREA IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON
Authors: OLIVEIRA Rubens Souza de , COSTA Lanna Jamile Corrêa da , ANDRADE Fernanda Atanaena Gonçalves de , UIEDA Wilson , MARTORELLI Luzia Fátima Alves , KATAOKA Ana Paula de Arruda Geraldes , ROSA Elizabeth Salbé Travassos da , VASCONCELOS Pedro Fernando da Costa , PEREIRA Armando de Souza , CARMO Antônio Ismael Barros do , FERNANDES Marcus Emanuel Barroncas
Published: January 2016

The outbreaks of rabies in humans transmitted by Desmodus rotundus in 2004 and 2005, in the northeast of the Brazilian State of Para, eastern Amazon basin, made this a priority area for studies on this zoonosis. Given this, the present study provides data on this phenomenon in an urban context, in order to assess the possible circulation of the classic rabies virus (RABV) among bat species in Capanema, a town in the Amazon basin. Bats were collected, in 2011, with mist nets during the wet and dry seasons. Samples of brain tissue and blood were collected for virological and serological survey, respectively. None of the 153 brain tissue samples analyzed tested positive for RABV infection, but 50.34% (95% CI: 45.67-55.01%) of the serum samples analyzed were seropositive. Artibeus planirostris was the most common species, with a high percentage of seropositive individuals (52.46%, 95% CI: 52.31 52.60%). Statistically, equal proportions of seropositive results were obtained in the rainy and dry seasons (c2 = 0.057, d.f. = 1, p = 0.88). Significantly higher proportions of males (55.96%, 95% CI: 48.96-62.96%) and adults (52.37%, 95% CI: 47.35-57.39%) were seropositive. While none of the brain tissue samples tested positive for infection, the high proportion of seropositive specimens indicates that RABV may be widespread in this urban area.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle (CITRONELLA) AGAINST Microsporum canis FROM ANIMALS AND HOME ENVIRONMENT
Authors: CAPOCI Isis Regina Grenier , CUNHA Michele Milano da , BONFIM-MENDONÇA Patricia de Souza , GHIRALDI-LOPES Luciana Dias , BAEZA Lilian Cristiane , KIOSHIMA Erika Seki , SVIDZINSKI Terezinha Inez Estivalet
Published: January 2016

Dermatophytosis is a common zoonosis in urban centers. Dogs and cats have played an important role as its disseminators. Environmental decontamination is essential for the prevention of its propagation to humans and animals. However, sanitizers or disinfectants with antifungal activity, currently available, have high toxicity. The present study evaluated the in vitro effects of an extract of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) on 31 Microsporum canis isolates from animals and home environments. Susceptibility tests were performed based on document M38-A2 (2008) of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute with modifications for natural products. Although susceptibility variation was observed between the fungus tested, the concentrations that inhibited the growth of 50 and 90% of the microorganisms were low (19.5 and 78 µg/mL, respectively). Thus, this citronella extract showed potent fungistatic and fungicide activities against M. canis isolated from animals and home environments. Therefore, it could be an alternative for dermatophytosis prophylaxis in the home environment.
Characterization of rue extract and its potential for controlling rice blast
Authors: Reis Karinna Bannach , Côrtes Marcio Vinicius de Carvalho Barros , Martins Frederico Severino , Filippi Marta Cristina Corsi de , Paula José Realino de , Conceição Edemilson Cardoso da
Published: January 2016

Abstract: The objective of this work was to purify and standardize the rue (Ruta graveolens) extract and evaluate its effect on Magnaporthe oryzae as an alternative to the integrated management of rice blast. The drug was characterized, the liquid extract was obtained, and the methodology for quantifying the standard markers psoralen and bergapten was validated. Rue extract and the markers, solely or in combination, were assayed in vitro, as well as in greenhouse conditions, for their ability to suppress leaf blast, by the evaluation of mycelial growth, conidial germination, and appressorium formation. Rue extract inhibited M. oryzae mycelial growth (100%), conidial germination (LD50=0.237 mg), and the appressorium formation (LD50=0.121 mg); besides, the extract reduced leaf blast severity by 80.84%. Fluorescence microscopy showed that rue extract did not damage M. oryzae cell wall and plasma membrane, indicating another mode of action. Rue extract has a great potential for controlling rice leaf blast.
Germination and development of pecan cultivar seedlings by seed stratification
Authors: Poletto Igor , Muniz Marlove Fátima Brião , Poletto Tales , Stefenon Valdir Marcos , Baggiotto Carine , Ceconi Denise Ester
Published: January 2016

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of seed stratification on germination rate, germination speed, and initial development of seedlings of six pecan (Carya illinoinensis) cultivars under subtropical climatic conditions in southern Brazil. For stratification, the seeds were placed in boxes with moist sand, in a cold chamber at 4°C, for 90 days. In the fourteenth week after sowing, the emergence speed index, total emergence, plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves were evaluated. Seed stratification significantly improves the germination potential and morphological traits of the evaluated cultivars.
Transformações na legislação sesmarial, processos de demarcação e manutenção de privilégios nas terras das capitanias do norte do Estado do Brasil
Authors: Alveal Carmen Margarida Oliveira
Published: January 2016

Resumo O artigo analisa as transformações ocorridas na legislação sesmarial no reinado de D. Pedro II em Portugal (1683-1706) e as consequências dessas mudanças. A partir de 1690 houve tentativas de controle sobre as sesmarias, e várias ordens régias foram outorgadas para regular lacunas deixadas pelas Ordenações, referentes ao tamanho das sesmarias, à necessidade de demarcação e confirmação régia, mas principalmente para instituir o pagamento de um foro nas Capitanias do Norte do Estado do Brasil, modificando o estatuto jurídico da doação sesmarial. Além das ordens régias, analisamos relatórios de desembargadores, petições de moradores e consultas ao Conselho Ultramarino. Esse cruzamento de fontes nos permitiu perceber na prática essa tentativa de um maior controle das autoridades sobre a legislação sesmarial.
Desigualdad y nutrición: Encuesta de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia, 2010
Authors: Herrán Oscar Fernando , Patiño Gonzalo Alberto , DelCastillo Sara Eloisa
Published: January 2016

Resumen Objetivos: calcular índices de desigualdad con base en siete variables relacionadas con la pobreza monetaria, que son consideradas de interés para la nutrición pública en Colombia. Métodos: estudio ecológico con base en datos de pobreza monetaria-2011 y los obtenidos en la encuesta ENSIN-2010 utilizados para calcular índices de desigualdad basados. Los grupos de análisis son menores entre 5 y 17 años y mujeres postparto durante las primeras 48 horas. Resultados: la pobreza monetaria fue de 41,5% (IC 95%; 35,7 a 47,4). El 82,4% de la anemia y el 68,2% del déficit de B12 se evitarían si no hubiese pobreza. En todas las variables estudiadas es evidente la desigualdad, excepto en el exceso de televisión, Gini para el déficit de peso 0,20, para la anemia, 0,38. La pobreza explica el 78% de la inseguridad alimentaria del hogar. Conclusiones: las desigualdades en nutrición pueden considerarse como dinámicas y complementan las desigualdades estructurales. Se evidencio que existe desigualdad en todas las variables estudiadas, excepto en el exceso de ver televisión o jugar videojuegos. La política pública para las mujeres pobres, acentúa la desigualdad por género. La distribución de la malnutrición no es homogénea en Colombia y ello evidencia la existencia de desigualdades injustas que afectan a los más vulnerables.
Spatio-temporal distribution and target species of longline fisheries off Southeastern/Southern Brazil between 2000 and 2011
Authors: Fiedler Fernando N. , Sales Gilberto , Giffoni Bruno B. , Port Dagoberto , Sant'Ana Rodrigo , Barreto André Silva , Schwingel Paulo Ricardo
Published: January 2016

Abstract In the presente study, cluster analysis was performed to classify 1080 interviews with captains of national pelagic longline fleet (2000 to 2011), and 38 trips of the chartered fleet (2003 to 2008), in relation to the composition of species landed. For the national fleet 4 groups were identified: 1 - Albacores, 2 - Blue shark, 3 - Swordfish, and 4 - Dolphinfish. For the chartered fleet 3 groups were identified: 1 - Swordfish, 2 - Blue shark, and 3 - Albacores. The results indicated that part of the national fleet change their strategies according to the availability of the target species and market demand (internal and external). A part of the fleet from Espírito Santo state operates in the region between December and March, exclusively to capture dolphinfish. The chartered fleet differed from the national one as regards the fishing areas of each target species, mainly as regards swordfish and blue shark. Despite the great difference in the data sets, it is evident that both the national and the chartered fleets operated in accordance with their peculiarities and technological development, adopting strategies that optimize catches and net profits per trip.
Vertical distribution of meiofauna on reflective sandy beaches
Authors: Martins Mariana de Oliveira , Almeida Tito Cesar Marques de , Domenico Maikon Di
Published: January 2016

Abstract Extreme physical conditions usually limit the meiofauna occurrence and distribution in highly hydrodynamic environments such as reflective beaches. Despite sediment grains of the upper layers being constantly resuspended and deposited, the high energy of the swash zone besides depositing coarse sediments allows an ample vertical distribution of meiofaunal organisms. The effect of physical, chemical and sediment variables on the vertical distribution of meiofaunal organims and nematodes was analysed on two reflective exposed beaches. Sampling was conducted at three sampling points on each beach in the swash zone. The sediment collected was divided into four 10-cm strata (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm). The statistical differences between strata due to factors previously established (i.e. meiofaunal composition, density of most abundant taxa) were tested using a hierarchical PERMANOVA applied under similarity and euclidian distances. An inverse relation among average grain size, content of organic matter and sediment sorting was evident. Coarser sediment characterized the upper layers, while at deeper layers the sediment was very poorly sorted and presented a higher content of organic matter. A similar pattern in the vertical distribution of meiofaunal and nematofaunal composition and density was detected. The lowest densities were associated with the first stratum (0-10 cm), highly affected by hydrodynamics. The vertical distribution of organisms was statistically different only when the interaction among factors was considered. This result suggests that zonation and vertical distribution of meiofaunal organisms are determined by the within-beach variability.
Using psychophysical tools to quantify body image perception: a tutorial
Authors: Mauerberg-deCastro Eliane , Tavares Carolina Paioli , Paula Adriana Inês de , Crozara Gabriella Braga , Campbell Debra Frances
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT This article presents a tutorial about two protocols that can be used to measure an individual's perception of body image, direct and indirect , and which follow S.S. ( Stevens 1951) methods. Two psychophysical task approaches illustrate the ability of individuals to quantify body image distortions. We selected psychophysical tasks that indirectly assess a participant's behavioral component of body image (i.e., satisfaction tendencies about body image); and second, the cognitive component of body image (i.e., individuals' perceptual accuracy in magnitude estimation tasks, which depend on a familiarity with interval scales and the use of numbers and ratios to represent physical dimensions of stimuli). We determined individuals' perceptual sensitivity (i.e., his or her perceptual style ) to manipulations of the body's size by using Stevens' power function ( Stevens, 1951).
Mode of administration does matter: comparability study using IPAQ
Authors: Bandeira Felipe de Magalhães , Freitas Matheus Pintanel , László Mitzi , Silva Marcelo Cozzensa da , Hallal Pedro Curi , Rombaldi Airton José
Published: January 2016

Abstract This study compared all-domains and domain-specific physical activity scores assessed through four variations of the IPAQ long version: (a) typical week, administered by an interviewer; (b) typical week, self-administered; (c) past seven days, interviewer-administered; (d) past seven days, self-administered. The sample included 38 physical education college students. Self-reported scores were in general twice higher than interview-administered scores, regardless the recall period used. In terms of domain-specific scores, occupational physical activity scores generated by self-report were 6-7 times greater than those originated from interviews. The same trend was observed for household physical activity. Transport physical activity scores did not change according to the mode of administration. In terms of leisure-time physical activity, scores were similar except for the interviewer-administered past seven days, whose scores were lower than the other three versions of IPAQ. In conclusion, the mode of administration of IPAQ does matter; higher scores are obtained through self-report as compared to interviews, probably by misinterpretation of the instrument in self-report mode. The recall period had little effect on physical activity estimates.
Highlighting some mechanisms of crack formation and propagation in clays on drying path
Authors: Wei X. , Hattab M. , Bompard P. , Fleureau J.-M.
Published: January 2016

The objective of this research was to analyse the formation and propagation of cracks related to desiccation in clay and to provide a better understanding of the behaviour of two clays, a kaolinite, and a mixture of kaolinite and montmorillonite. At the macroscopic level, the strain tensors of the two clays during drying, as well as the cracking phenomenon, were studied using digital image correlation. The method is based on the determination of the local two-dimensional strains and displacements fields using the programs Vic-2D and Vic-3D. Different mechanisms of crack formation were identified: opening mode, sliding mode and tearing mode. At the end of desiccation, the cracks form a network similar to thermal fatigue or thermal shock networks. Bifurcation and coalescence of cracks can also be observed in soil. Another objective was to explore the effect of mineralogy on the behaviour of these clays. It is the reason why two different mixtures of kaolin and montmorillonite were chosen, with liquid limits ranging from 40% to 82%. The results were found to be similar in both cases, except concerning the kinetics, which is faster in kaolin.
Formas tratamentais em cartas escritas em Pernambuco (1869-1969): tradição discursiva e sociopragmática
Authors: Gomes Valéria Severina , Lopes Célia Regina dos Santos
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Este estudo objetiva analisar as formas de tratamento de base nominal e pronominal localizadas em cartas escritas em Pernambuco, entre o século 19 e o século 20 (1869-1969). O intuito é observar a distribuição dessas formas, com base na teoria do Poder e da Solidariedade (BROWN; GILMAN, 1960), a Teoria da Polidez (BROWN; LEVINSON, 1987), a Tradição Discursiva (KABATEK, 2006) e a Sociolinguística Histórica (CONDE-SILVESTRE, 2007). Os resultados mostraram que as formas de tratamento nominal (Vossa Mercê e O Senhor) ainda eram usadas por motivações pragmáticas e pela natureza do texto no século 19 e que houve um aumento progressivo de uso da nova forma (você) em quase todos os tipos de relações sociais ao longo do tempo.Palavras-chave: cartas pernambucanas, formas de tratamento nominal e pronominal, segunda pessoa.Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the nominal and pronominal forms of address found in letters written in state of Pernambuco (Brazil) in the 19th century and the 20th century (from 1869 to 1969). We intend to observe the distribution of forms of address, according to the theory of Power and Solidarity (BROWN; GILMAN, 1960), Politeness Theory (BROWN; LEVINSON, 1987), Discursive Tradition (KABATEK, 2006), the Historical Sociolinguistics (CONDE-SILVESTRE, 2007. The results showed that the nominal address forms (Vossa Mercê e O Senhor) were still used by pragmatic motivations and by the nature of the text in the 19th century and a progressive increase in the use of the form você in almost all types of social relations over time.Keywords: Letters from Pernambuco (Brazil), Nominal and Pronominal Forms of Address, Second Person.
Diferentes tendências em pesquisas sobre a fala egocêntrica: análise de produções brasileiras
Authors: Morais Alessandra de , Sasso Bruna Assem
Published: January 2016

Resumo: O objetivo desta investigação foi o de realizar uma revisão de pesquisas desenvolvidas no Brasil sobre a fala egocêntrica, de forma a identificar as principais questões teórico-metodológicas presentes em seu estudo. A busca foi feita no banco de Teses da CAPES e abarcou o período de 1987 a 2012; foram encontradas oito teses / dissertações. Os resultados demonstraram a abordagem predominante da fala egocêntrica à luz da perspectiva Histórico-Cultural, de Vigotski, com a presença, sobretudo, de duas tendências: estudos que confirmam seus postulados e os que sugerem contribuições de outros teóricos, em especial de Bakhtin. Uma terceira tendência foi também reconhecida, que, embora sinalize para os trabalhos de Piaget e Vigotski, tece críticas a ambos e não adere a nenhum deles.Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento da Linguagem; fala egocentric; implicações educacionais.Abstract: The purpose of this research was to conduct a review of research developed in Brazil about egocentric speech, in order to identify key theoretical and methodological issues present in its study. A search was made in the CAPES Thesis databank, comprising the period from 1987 to 2012, and eight theses / dissertations were found. The results demonstrated the predominance of studies in the light of Vygotsky’s cultural-historical perspective, which can be divided according to two tendencies: those studies that confirm its postulates and those that suggest other theoretical contributions, particularly from the Circle of Bakhtin. A third tendency can also be recognized which, although signaling to the work of Piaget and Vigotski, criticizes both and does not adhere to any of them, proposing a different way of conceiving this linguistic occurrence.Keywords: Language Development; Egocentric Speech; Educational Implications.
A memória cognitivo-discursiva: entre discurso, Psicanálise e cognição
Authors: Machado Bruno Focas Vieira
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Este texto pretende promover um debate interdisciplinar sobre as relações entre os conceitos de sujeito, de discurso e de memória, tal como são encontrados na Análise do Discurso Francesa e na Psicanálise; contrastando-os com as teorizações contemporâneas do campo da cognição social, mais propriamente pelas contribuições trazidas por Sophie Moirand e por Marie-Anne Paveau. Para cumprir esse objetivo, busca-se problematizar o paralelismo cognitivista que a contemporaneidade coloca para ambos os campos, o que culmina na construção de um novo conceito: a memória cognitivo-discursiva. Esse novo conceito é problematizado à luz da Análise do Discurso e da Psicanálise, consolidando uma reflexão sobre os efeitos contemporâneos do cognitivismo e do discurso da ciência em cada um dos campos de saber, assim como sobre a maneira em que ambos podem estabelecer um diálogo.Palavras-chave: discurso; cognição; memória; Psicanálise.Abstract: This text aims to promote an interdisciplinary debate on the relationship between the concepts of subject, speech and memory, such as they are found in the French Discourse Analysis and Psychoanalysis; contrasting them with contemporary theories from the field of social cognition, more properly the contributions made by Sophie Moirand and Marie-Anne Paveau. To achieve this goal, we problematize the cognitive parallelism that the contemporary world poses for both fields, culminating in the construction of a new concept: the cognitive-discursive memory. This new concept is questioned in the light of Discourse Analysis and Psychoanalysis, consolidating a  reflection on the contemporary effects of cognitivism and the discourse of science in each of the fields of knowledge, as well as about the way both of them can establish a dialogue.Keywords: Discourse; Cognition; Memory; Psychoanalysis.
O discurso acadêmico sobre o professor na era digital
Authors: Ruiz Eliana Maria Severino Donaio
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Tomando como aporte teórico a Análise Discurso de tradição francobrasileira, em uma perspectiva arqueogenealógica foucaultiana, e as contribuições dos Estudos Culturais, esta pesquisa pretende discutir as representações acerca do professor contemporâneo, num contexto fortemente marcado pelas tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação, em trabalhos acadêmicos em língua portuguesa publicados recentemente. A leitura revelou que está em curso, no campo educacional, uma vontade de verdade que relaciona educação e novas tecnologias, sendo enunciada por especialistas pesquisadores referendados pela sociedade; que tal vontade de verdade constitui uma prática contemporânea de subjetivação do professor; e que essa ordem do discurso pode ser encapsulada por quatro enunciados básicos tradutores dos sentidos que emergem dos excertos selecionados. Intenta-se, assim, uma governamentalidade, um campo estratégico de relações de poder que configura um processo atual de fabricação de uma nova identidade para o sujeito professor atuar na sociedade tecnológica regida pelas relações de mercado e pela lógica neoliberal de governo.Palavras-chave: professor; tecnologias digitais; discurso acadêmico; representações; governamentalidade.Abstract: Taking as theoretical support the Discourse Analysis of FrenchBrazilian tradition, in a Foucauldian arqueogenealogic perspective, this research aims to discuss the representations about the contemporary teacher in a context strongly marked by digital information and communication technologies in academic papers recently published in Portuguese. The reading revealed that is underway in the educational field a will to truth that relates education and new technologies, being enunciated by expert researchers endorsed by society; that this will to truth is a contemporary practice of teacher’s subjectivation; and that this order of discourse can be encapsulated by four basic statements translators of the meanings that emerge from selected clippings. Thus it intends to pursue a governamentality, a strategic field of power relations that sets a current construction of a new identity for the teacher as subject acting in a technological society governed by market relations and the neoliberal logic of government.Keywords: Teacher; Digital Technologies; Academic Discourse; Representations; Governmentality.
Um experimento sobre a interpretação de metáforas: investigando o papel dos esquemas imagéticos, da semântica e do contexto
Authors: Moura Heronides , Folden Viviane , Mota Mailce Borges , Estivalet Gustavo Lopez
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Tendo como base os conceitos da semântica cognitiva, investigamos a contribuição relativa (CR) de restrições imagéticas, contextuais e semânticas no processamento de metáforas. Participaram do estudo 53 indivíduos falantes de português brasileiro que foram solicitados a realizar tarefas de priming em três condições: uma condição de priming imagético, uma condição de priming contextual e uma condição de priming semântico. Juntos, os resultados da análise estatística mostram que os participantes foram sensíveis aos elementos linguísticos – semânticos e contextuais –, ao qual uma metáfora está conectada e que a restrição contextual é a que mais influencia a interpretação da metáfora, seguida da restrição semântica.Palavras-chave: semântica cognitiva, processamento metafórico, contexto, esquema imagético.Abstract: Based on the constructs of cognitive semantics, we investigated the relative contribution of imagetic, contextual, and semantic restrictions to the processing of metaphors. Fifty-three native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese participated in the study and were required to perform priming tasks under three conditions: an imagetic priming condition, a contextual priming condition, and a semantic priming condition. Together, the results of the statistical analysis show that participants were sensitive to the linguistic elements – semantic and contextual –, to which a metaphor is connected, and that the processing of metaphors is heavily influenced by contextual restrictions first, then followed by semantic restrictions.Keywords: cognitive semantics, metaphoric processing, context, image scheme
Gramaticalização dos juntores “ainda”, “assim” e “logo”: um estudo da variedade mato-grossense do português brasileiro
Authors: Lopes-Damasio Lúcia Regiane , Santos Grasiela Veloso dos
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Este estudo aborda os itens ainda, assim e logo, em corpus de cartas escritas na Capitania de Mato Grosso por pessoas ligadas ao governo local e ao clero, em meados do séc. XVIII até início do XIX. Fundamentado em pressupostos da gramaticalização, via análise quantitativa e qualitativa, objetiva dialogar com os resultados de outras pesquisas de mesma natureza (LONGHINTHOMAZI, 2006, 2005, 2004; LOPES-DAMASIO, 2011a, 2011b, 2008), que focalizaram os mesmos itens, em outras variedades linguísticas do português brasileiro. O estudo: (i) confirmou a trajetória de mudança dos itens focalizados – advérbio > juntor > marcador discursivo (MD) –, com mudanças semânticas que apontam para um ganho de abstração e pragmática; (ii) permitiu constatar uma recorrência expressiva de usos ambíguos / não prototípicos, associados a contextos que favorecem os diferentes caminhos de mudança, na relação entre Fonte e Alvo; e, por fim, (iii) revelou as cartas mato-grossenses como um ambiente linguístico-discursivo que favorece a captação da gradualidade da mudança linguística que faz emergir itens mais gramaticais.Palavras-chave: gramaticalização; junção; base adverbial.Abstract: This study approaches the items ainda (yet), assim (so) and logo (then), in corpus of letters written in the Captaincy of Mato Grosso by people who were connected to the local government and to the clergy, from mid-18th century to early 19th century. Based on presuppositions of Grammaticalization, quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed, it aims at finding a connection with results of other researches that belong to the same nature (LONGHINTHOMAZI, 2006, 2005, 2004; LOPES-DAMASIO, 2011a, 2011b, 2008), and which focused on the same items, in different linguistic varieties of the Brazilian Portuguese. About the study: (i) it confirmed the trajectory of changes of the items we focused on – adverb > linking word > discourse marker (MD) – with semantic changes that indicate certain gain of abstraction and pragmatic; (ii) it allowed us to find some expressive recurrence of ambiguous / nonprototypical usages, associated with contexts that advantage the different forms of change in the relation between Source and Target; and (iii) it revealed these mato-grossense letters to be a linguistic-discursive environment that supports gradualness of linguistic changes that allows more grammatical items to emerge.Keywords: Grammaticalization; Junction; Adverbial Basis.
Usefulness of virtual bronchoscopy in evaluation of suspected foreign body in tracheobronchial tree
Authors: Srivastava Mohit , Tyagi Sushant
Published: January 2016

Background: Airway foreign bodies remain a diagnostic challenge to health care professionals. They can become life threatening emergencies that require immediate intervention or can go unnoticed for weeks and even months. Every effort should be made to avoid a delay in diagnosis because this may lead to a notable increase in complication rates. The objective of this study is to investigate the usefulness of virtual bronchoscopy in evaluation of suspected foreign body aspiration in tracheobronchial tree.

Methods: This retrospective & prospective study of 100 patients is conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery, Saraswathi Institute of Medical sciences, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India; from August 2011 to August 2015. Cases referred from department of paediatrics, with history of sudden breathlessness, sudden onset of cough with or without cyanosis & with or without pyrexia.  

Results: In our studies highest incidence of foreign bodies i.e. 61% were seen in the children between the age of 1-5 yrs 73% cases were male children while 27% were female children. Incidence of FB was quite higher in low socio economic status group (63%) as compared to middle class (34%) In our studies maximum no of cases i.e. 31% were betel nut followed by custard apple 22%. Others include gram seed (8%), tamarind seed (6%), coconut (5%) and ground nut (10%). In our studies, majority of FB in air passage were in right main bronchus 57% followed by upper air passage (22%) & 21% in left main bronchus.

Conclusions: FB aspiration is an anaesthetic emergency and senior help should be sought early. Techniques should be tailored to the clinical context but spontaneous respiration should be maintained wherever possible. VB is proving to be a very helpful investigation modality in patients of a compromised airway. VB works well in planning the further management protocol not only in conjunction with other modalities but also on its own It is accurate but its accuracy is not 100% because of false positive & false negative results. VB will never replace actual bronchoscopy (gold standard) but it can assist & complement it. 
Expansión y diversificación de la Compañía General Fabril Financiera durante la industrialización por sustitución de importaciones en Argentina, 1929-1958
Authors: Belini Claudio Fabián , Badoza Silvia
Published: January 2016

Este artículo analiza la trayectoria del Grupo Fabril Financiera atendiendo a dos dimensiones centrales: el directorio como actor central, en tanto cabeza del grupo, en la definición de estrategias industriales y financieras, y en segundo lugar, las estrategias financieras seguidas por la empresa cabeza del grupo industrial, en especial el financiamiento del holding, a partir del archivo de la empresa entre la crisis de 1929 y el final de la etapa fácil de la industrialización por sustitución de importaciones (isi). Estas dimensiones son abordadas desde una perspectiva de historia de empresas y sobre la base de archivo empresarial y otros repositorios. El estudio de este grupo industrial se propone contribuir con nueva evidencia empírica a la discusión más amplia sobre la participación de los grupos económicos y de las grandes empresas en el desarrollo económico de Argentina.
Application of transit data analysis and artificial neural network in the prediction of discharge of Lor River, NW Spain
Authors: Astray G. , Soto B. , Lopez D. , Iglesias M. A. , Mejuto J. C.
Published: January 2016

Transit data analysis and artificial neural networks (ANNs) have proven to be a useful tool for characterizing and modelling non-linear hydrological processes. In this paper, these methods have been used to characterize and to predict the discharge of Lor River (North Western Spain), 1, 2 and 3 days ahead. Transit data analyses show a coefficient of correlation of 0.53 for a lag between precipitation and discharge of 1 day. On the other hand, temperature and discharge has a negative coefficient of correlation (−0.43) for a delay of 19 days. The ANNs developed provide a good result for the validation period, with R2 between 0.92 and 0.80. Furthermore, these prediction models have been tested with discharge data from a period 16 years later. Results of this testing period also show a good correlation, with R2 between 0.91 and 0.64. Overall, results indicate that ANNs are a good tool to predict river discharge with a small number of input variables.
Chemical fractionation and speciation modelling for optimization of ion-exchange processes to recover palladium from industrial wastewater
Authors: Folens K. , Van Hulle S. , Vanhaecke F. , Du Laing G.
Published: January 2016

Palladium is used in several industrial applications and, given its high intrinsic value, intense efforts are made to recover the element. In this hydrometallurgic perspective, ion-exchange (IEX) technologies are principal means. Yet, without incorporating the chemical and physical properties of the Pd present in real, plant-specific conditions, the recovery cannot reach its technical nor economic optimum. This study characterized a relevant Pd-containing waste stream of a mirror manufacturer to provide input for a speciation model, predicting the Pd speciation as a function of pH and chloride concentration. Besides the administered neutral PdCl2 form, both positively and negatively charged [PdCln]2−n species occur depending on the chloride concentration in solution. Purolite C100 and Relite 2AS IEX resins were selected and applied in combination with other treatment steps to optimize the Pd recovery. A combination of the cation and anion exchange resins was found successful to quantitatively recover Pd. Given the fact that Pd was also primarily associated with particles, laboratory-scale experiments focused on physical removal of the Pd-containing flow were conducted, which showed that particle-bound Pd can already be removed by physical pre-treatment prior to IEX, while the ionic fraction remains fully susceptible to the IEX mechanism.
The effect of mechanical vibration on orthodontically induced root resorption
Authors: Yadav Sumit , Dobie Thomas , Assefnia Amir , Kalajzic Zana , Nanda Ravindra
Published: January 2016

Objective: 

To investigate the effect of low-frequency mechanical vibration (LFMV) on orthodontically induced root resorption.

Materials and Methods: 

Forty male CD1, 12-week-old mice were used for the study. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: group 1 (baseline)—no spring and no mechanical vibration, group 2—orthodontic spring but no vibration, group 3—orthodontic spring and 5 Hz of vibration applied to the maxillary first molar, group 4—orthodontic spring and 10 Hz of vibration applied to maxillary first molar, and group 5—orthodontic spring and 20 Hz of vibration applied to maxillary first molar. In the different experimental groups, the first molar was moved mesially for 2 weeks using a nickel-titanium coil spring delivering 10 g of force. LFMVs were applied at 5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz. Microfocus X-ray computed tomography imaging was used to analyze root resorption. Additionally, to understand the mechanism, we applied LFMV to MC3T3 cells, and gene expression analyses were done for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG).

Results: 

Orthodontic tooth movement leads to decreased root volume (increased root resorption craters). Our in vivo experiments showed a trend toward increase in root volume with different frequencies of mechanical vibration. In vitro gene expression analyses showed that with 20 Hz of mechanical vibration, there was a significant decrease in RANKL and a significant increase in OPG expression.

Conclusion: 

There was a trend toward decreased root resorption with different LFMVs (5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz); however, it was not more statistically significant than the orthodontic-spring-only group.
Functional Deficits Precede Structural Lesions in Mice With High-Fat Diet–Induced Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Rajagopal Rithwick , Bligard Gregory W. , Zhang Sheng , Yin Li , Lukasiewicz Peter , Semenkovich Clay F.
Published: January 2016

Obesity predisposes to human type 2 diabetes, the most common cause of diabetic retinopathy. To determine if high-fat diet–induced diabetes in mice can model retinal disease, we weaned mice to chow or a high-fat diet and tested the hypothesis that diet-induced metabolic disease promotes retinopathy. Compared with controls, mice fed a diet providing 42% of energy as fat developed obesity-related glucose intolerance by 6 months. There was no evidence of microvascular disease until 12 months, when trypsin digests and dye leakage assays showed high fat–fed mice had greater atrophic capillaries, pericyte ghosts, and permeability than controls. However, electroretinographic dysfunction began at 6 months in high fat–fed mice, manifested by increased latencies and reduced amplitudes of oscillatory potentials compared with controls. These electroretinographic abnormalities were correlated with glucose intolerance. Unexpectedly, retinas from high fat–fed mice manifested striking induction of stress kinase and neural inflammasome activation at 3 months, before the development of systemic glucose intolerance, electroretinographic defects, or microvascular disease. These results suggest that retinal disease in the diabetic milieu may progress through inflammatory and neuroretinal stages long before the development of vascular lesions representing the classic hallmark of diabetic retinopathy, establishing a model for assessing novel interventions to treat eye disease.
Monitoring C-Peptide Storage and Secretion in Islet β-Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Zhu Shuaishuai , Larkin Dennis , Lu Shusheng , Inouye Candice , Haataja Leena , Anjum Arfah , Kennedy Robert , Castle David , Arvan Peter
Published: January 2016

Human proinsulin with C-peptide–bearing Superfolder Green Fluorescent Protein (CpepSfGFP) has been expressed in transgenic mice, driven by the Ins1 promoter. The protein, expressed exclusively in β-cells, is processed and stored as CpepSfGFP and human insulin comprising only ∼0.04% of total islet proinsulin plus insulin, exerting no metabolic impact. The kinetics of the release of insulin and CpepSfGFP from isolated islets appear identical. Upon a single acute stimulatory challenge in vitro, fractional release of insulin does not detectably deplete islet fluorescence. In vivo, fluorescence imaging of the pancreatic surface allows, for the first time, visual assessment of pancreatic islet insulin content, and we demonstrate that CpepSfGFP visibly declines upon diabetes progression in live lepRdb/db mice. In anesthetized mice, after intragastric or intravenous saline delivery, pancreatic CpepSfGFP (insulin) content remains undiminished. Remarkably, however, within 20 min after acute intragastric or intravenous glucose delivery (with blood glucose concentrations reaching >15 mmol/L), a small subset of islets shows rapid dispossession of a major fraction of their stored CpepSfGFP (insulin) content, whereas most islets exhibit no demonstrable loss of CpepSfGFP (insulin). These studies strongly suggest that there are “first responder” islets to an in vivo glycemic challenge, which cannot be replicated by islets in vitro.