bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Chemistry Development Kit in 2024: improving cheminformatics research
Authors: Willighagen Egon , Teunis Marc , De Haan Alyanne
Published: April 2024

Cheminformatics is the research field that deals with information about chemical systems. This includes the chemical structure which is used in computational chemistry where quantum chemistry is too complex. The Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) was one of the first Open Science libraries in chemistry, co-founded in The Netherlands. The source code goes as far back as 1997 and has been maintained for more than 25 years. The CDK is used by many tools in drug discovery, computational toxicology, and bioinformatics. This project will develop improvements to the core library and update tools using the CDK to use the latest release.
Territoire, travail institutionnel et co-création des politiques publiques locales : le cas de Venelles en Transition
Authors: Serval Sarah , Potz Magdalena , Hernandez Solange
Published: April 2024

L’article vise à comprendre comment le territoire influence les modalités organisationnelles du travail institutionnel des managers territoriaux qui déploient la co-création face à des défis sociétaux. La co-création est perçue comme une solution à ces problèmes nécessitant des approches innovantes et collaboratives. Cependant, ces pratiques sont émergentes et doivent être adaptées au contexte. Les résultats de notre étude qualitative (étude de cas unique) montrent un modèle paradoxal de travail institutionnel : le territoire peut à la fois faciliter et compliquer le travail institutionnel des managers territoriaux. Leurs pratiques sont basées sur une logique hiérarchique et descendante, avec une organisation centralisée, fermée et interne du travail institutionnel lorsque le territoire facilite l’action. En revanche, lors du processus de co-création, le territoire complexifie le travail institutionnel qui repose sur une logique ascendante, des pratiques émergentes et une organisation dispersée, ouverte et territoriale du travail institutionnel. CODES JEL : O350, R580
Vers un effet de traitement paradoxal : les fablabs comme facilitateurs « accidentels » de l’entrepreneuriat des utilisateurs ?
Authors: Salgado Stéphane , Vellera Cyrielle
Published: April 2024

Cette recherche vise à mettre en lumière le rôle facilitateur des fablabs non commerciaux et en accès libre, en matière d’entrepreneuriat commercial, en particulier pour les innovations émanant de figures d’entrepreneurs moins classiques : les utilisateurs. Dans cette perspective, des entretiens qualitatifs ont été menés auprès d’innovateurs-utilisateurs/entrepreneurs, d’une part, et de fab managers, d’autre part. À l’aide d’une démarche d’analyse basée sur les processus («  from maker to market  »), trois contributions essentielles sont proposées : (1) les fablabs sont des facilitateurs à l’entrepreneuriat utilisateur mais «  l’effet de traitement  » qui en découle est limité, voire contre-productif ; (2) l’entrepreneuriat à vocation commerciale est contraire à la culture des fablabs , induisant ainsi un «  effet de traitement  » ambivalent ; (3) les capacités d’actions des fablabs tendent à se transformer vers de la préincubation « accidentelle ». Ces résultats viennent enrichir deux champs théoriques : l’entrepreneuriat par les utilisateurs et l’entrepreneuriat dans les fablabs et apportent de nouveaux éléments pour accompagner l’entrepreneuriat par les utilisateurs et pour mieux identifier les postures et les capacités d’actions des fablabs dans ce domaine. CODES JEL : L26, O30
L’inconscient au risque de l’histoire ?
Authors: Mazurel Hervé
Published: April 2024

Si l’historicisation de la psychanalyse est chose désormais bien avancée, cet article explore la possibilité d’historiciser jusqu’à l’objet-princeps de la psychanalyse, à savoir l’inconscient lui-même. Car là gît peut-être la raison profonde du dialogue encore infructueux de l’histoire et de la psychanalyse.
À l’écoute des histoires en terre créole pour un soin aux enfants de la Creuse et de La Réunion
Authors: Feldman Marion , Lesouëf-Lebon Kristyan , Caron Christian , Viracaoundin Céline , Visnelda-Douzain Christine , Mansouri Malika
Published: April 2024

L’article expose les résultats d’un des deux volets de la recherche clinique portant sur lesdits « enfants de la Creuse », soit des adultes réunionnais, qui, enfants, ont été séparés de leurs parents pour être déplacés en métropole entre 1962 et 1984. Il s’agit du travail réflexif d’un groupe de soignants, en majorité réunionnais. Penser un soin spécifique à La Réunion et à son histoire est apparu essentiel pour créer un dispositif clinique adapté à la situation de ceux qui repartent s’installer à La Réunion ou y retournent temporairement. Il s’agit également de soutenir les familles biologiques et de médiatiser les « retrouvailles familiales ». Ce travail réflexif s’est appuyé sur trois sources : les expériences cliniques des soignants réunionnais ; l’étude de textes ; les premiers résultats qui émergent des groupes de paroles en métropole, dits les « arbres à paroles » (qui est l’autre volet du dispositif de recherche). L’analyse de ces séances de travail conduit à la formalisation d’un dispositif clinique spécifique.
La barrière de la langue, la barrière de la culture
Authors: Mpacko Anne-Sophie , Hamada Yoko , Kunieda Takahiro , Okada Akiyoshi
Published: April 2024

Le « migrant », « l’expatrié » et « le réfugié » représentent des vécus migratoires appartenant à des réalités allant du privilégié au vulnérable. L’exploration qualitative de l’expérience subjective de cet événement de vie, à travers le vécu de la maternité, nous montre l’impact de la migration sur le fonctionnement psychique. Comment cerner l’impact du vécu migratoire sans critiquer le jeu de catégorisation derrière la figure du migrant ? Cette recherche explore la maternité en situation de migration de mères françaises et de leurs nourrissons au Japon. Pendant deux mois, les mères se sont confiées, filmées en interaction avec leurs bébés, sur leur parcours migratoire. Les obstacles rencontrés en termes de différences culturelles ont pu contribuer à accentuer les vulnérabilités psychiques des processus de maternalité . D’autres recherches comparatives permettront de cerner le vécu migratoire en fonction des représentations collectives des sociétés d’accueil.
Un séminaire de clinique transculturelle à Abidjan (9-13 octobre 2023)
Authors: Delanoë Daniel , Mestre Claire
Published: April 2024

Les auteur.e.s ont été invité.e.s à co-construire et co-animer un séminaire de clinique transculturelle avec des psychologues à l’université Houphouët Boigny d’Abidjan. La Côte d’Ivoire est un pays largement pluriculturel où 70 langues sont parlées, où les cultures animistes et monothéistes sont très prégnantes, et accueillant de nombreux migrants. Mais la clinique transculturelle est absente du champ des psychothérapies proposées dans ce pays. Le séminaire a permis d’explorer et problématiser les étiologies culturelles de l’infortune, les conséquences lointaines de la colonisation, et la question des dispositifs thérapeutiques dans un univers culturel où ceux qui croient aux entités invisibles animistes sont dans la norme et ceux qui n’y croient pas sont hors norme.
La psychanalyse avec l’Art Brut et la butée de la psychopathologie
Authors: Roman Pascal
Published: April 2024

Ce texte propose une réflexion sur la contribution de la psychanalyse dans la dynamique de la pensée de Michel Thévoz, historien de l’art et premier conservateur et directeur de la Collection de l’Art Brut à Lausanne. Il s’agit de montrer, à partir d’une approche des écrits, mais également des interventions publiques de Michel Thévoz, de quelle manière le compagnonnage entre l’Art Brut et la psychanalyse infiltre ses réflexions sur les marges de la création. Ce compagnonnage permet de préciser d’une part le rapport qui s’établit entre folie (psychopathologie) et création, et d’autre part les conditions d’émergence du processus de création.
L’insaisissable objet de la nostalgie
Authors: Poracchia Kelly , Ham Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Entre deuil et mélancolie, la nostalgie émerge en réaction à la perte d’un objet, qui est aussitôt élevé au rang d’objet sublime. Idéalisé dans sa perte, cet objet captive l’investissement pulsionnel du sujet, ce qui fige sa quête désirante. À travers cette recherche, les auteurs proposent ainsi d’analyser le statut métapsychologique de l’objet dans la nostalgie. Une confusion entre l’idéal et l’objet opère dans la nostalgie, ce qui confère une matérialité illusoire à l’objet perdu, qui relève d’une a-matérialité dans la théorie psychanalytique. D’autre part, les auteurs interrogent la manière dont la position nostalgique préserve le sujet de l’anéantissement mélancolique de son désir par une fixité de l’investissement libidinal.
La honte dans le processus suicidaire
Authors: Peter Frédéric
Published: April 2024

L’étude du processus suicidaire, dominé par l’épidémiologie, exclut toute approche phénoménologique, limitant ainsi la valeur clinique des résultats. Certaines théorisations d’inspiration nord-américaine tentent de modéliser la crise suicidaire, telle que la théorie interpersonnelle du suicide. Nous souhaitons étoffer ces résultats en réhabilitant une émotion largement méconnue : la honte. Sur le plan ontologique, la mors voluntaris se conçoit alors comme défaillance du sentiment même de l’existance humaine. Cliniciens et chercheurs sont donc invités à remettre en pensée la question de l’estime de soi et de l’identité dans la problématique suicidaire.
First documented observation of differential dorsoventral coat colouration in wild boar Sus scrofa (Artyodactyla: Suidae) in Italy
Authors: Gallozzi Francesco
Published: April 2024

Wild boar Sus scrofa usually shows a uniform brown coat, but different colour patterns have been observed with red, brown, black, and white morphs. Nevertheless, coat colour polymorphism is often associated with hybridization with domestic pigs. The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene and the agouti (ASIP) gene are the most studied genes involved in pigmentation in mammals. Particularly, mutations in the ASIP locus are responsible for a differential dorsoventral colouration. Polymorphisms in at least one of these two loci have been detected in all domestic breeds in Europe, while wild-type genotypes have almost exclusively been identified in wild boar. Therefore, coat colour polymorphism and MC1R/ASIP mutations are often used to detect wild/domestic hybrids. Here, the first documented observation of differential dorsoventral coat colouration in Sus scrofa in the wild is reported in a juvenile in Abruzzo National Park (Italy), raising some concerns about possible wild boar x domestic pig hybridization in this protected area.
Lichens from the aurifodinae of the upper Ticino river valley (N Italy)
Authors: Gheza Gabriele , Nascimbene Juri
Published: April 2024

Aurifodinae were open-pit gold mines of the Roman age which left behind them elongated heaps of rounded stones. They are located in lowland semi-natural landscapes, and can be seen as screes at a lower altitude and in a milder climate than typical mountain screes. We investigated the lichen biota of the aurifodinae remains in the upper Ticino river valley (western Po Plain, Northern Italy), in a small, discontinuous, 6.5 ha wide area. Metamorphic siliceous stones prevail, while calcareous stones are rare and scattered. We recorded 35 infrageneric taxa, including three species new to Piemonte: Cladonia conista, C. cryptochlorophaea, and Placidiopsis cinerascens. Several taxa are also new to the submediterranean ecoregion and/or to the Ticino river valley. The function of aurifodinae as a refugium for saxicolous lichens in the lowlands and their potential role in creating wide areas with open dry habitats in the past centuries are discussed.
Comparison of Step-Based Metrics Under Laboratory and Free-Living Conditions in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Alrashdi Naif Z. , Aguiar Elroy J. , White Collin E. , Saunders Anna K. , Momaya Amit M. , Emblom Benton A. , Ryan Michael K. , Motl Robert W. , Ithurburn Matthew P.
Published: April 2024

Context

Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) causes pain and functional limitations. Little is known regarding walking characteristics, volume, and intensity evaluated in laboratory and free-living conditions and whether these measures differ between those with FAIS and uninjured individuals.

Objective

To examine the differences in laboratory gait measures and free-living step-based metrics between individuals with FAIS and uninjured control participants.

Design

Comparative, cross-sectional study.

Patients or Other Participants

We enrolled 25 participants with FAIS and 14 uninjured controls.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

We evaluated laboratory spatiotemporal gait measures (cadence, velocity, step length, stride length) during self-selected and fast walking speeds using an instrumented walkway. Participants then wore an accelerometer around the waist during waking hours for 7 consecutive days. Free-living step-based metrics included average daily steps, peak 1- and 30-minute cadence, and average daily time spent in walking cadence bands. We compared laboratory gait measures and step-based metrics between groups.

Results

The groups did not differ in laboratory spatiotemporal gait measures during both speeds (all P > .05). The FAIS group took fewer daily steps (5346 ± 2141 versus 7338 ± 2787 steps/d; P = .030) and had lower peak 1-minute (92.9 ± 23.9 versus 119.6 ± 16.3 steps/min; P < .001) and 30-minute cadences (60.9 ± 27.1 versus 86.8 ± 22.4 steps/min; P = .003) compared with uninjured controls, respectively. The FAIS group also spent less time in slow (6.0 ± 3.6 versus 10.3 ± 3.4 min/d; P = .001), medium (4.5 ± 4.2 versus 8.9 ± 4.4 min/d; P = .005), and brisk/moderate (4.5 ± 6.2 versus 12.2 ± 10.3; P = .020) cadence bands compared with uninjured controls.

Conclusions

Clinical/laboratory gait measures alone may not be representative of real-world walking-related physical activity behavior in individuals with FAIS.
Do Plantar-Flexor Muscle Structure and Function Contribute to Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in Long-Distance Runners? A Case Report
Authors: Mattock Joshua P. M. , Steele Julie R. , Mickle Karen J.
Published: April 2024

Two long-distance runners developed medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS; male age = 26.3 years, female age = 47.5 years) after baseline assessment of plantar-flexor muscle structure and function and spatiotemporal running variables. B-mode ultrasound and lean leg girth characterized plantar-flexor muscle structure. Handheld dynamometry and a single-leg heel raise–to-failure protocol characterized plantar-flexor muscle function. Finally, spatiotemporal running variables were determined during a treadmill protocol. The 2 runners who developed MTSS demonstrated less plantar-flexor strength and endurance capacity than published comparative control data and marked variability in muscle structure. Reduced plantar-flexor strength and endurance capacity were thought to contribute to an impaired ability to resist tibial-bending moments during midstance due to earlier muscle fatigue. Earlier muscle fatigue could, in turn, contribute to increased tibial-bending moments and MTSS development. Therefore, assessing plantar-flexor muscle strength and endurance might help to identify athletes at risk of developing MTSS.
Leiomyoma of the Bladder Neck
Authors: Gorgoraptis Petros , Papaioannou Dimitrios , Kazanis Ioannis , Chondros Kostas
Published: April 2024

Benign bladder tumors represent a rare entity of bladder neoplasms and include tumors such as leiomyomas. Female preponderance is characteristic, and patients usually present with bladder outlet obstruction, dysuria, hematuria, and urinary tract infections; symptoms that are not disease specific and can be overlooked. Bladder leiomyomas can be easily diagnosed during imaging tests or/and cystoscopy evaluation and they are mainly treated with transurethral surgical excision. We present a case of a female patient with urinary obstruction due to missed on previous ultrasound examinations large leiomyoma located at the bladder neck and expanded into the proximal urethra.
Robotic Partial Nephrectomy for Multiple Renal Masses
Authors: Stravodimos Konstantinos G , Moulavasilis Napoleon , Manousakis Emmanouil , Fragkiadis Evangelos
Published: April 2024

Background:

Partial nephrectomy is strongly recommended by the EAU guidelines as the primary treatment option for T1 Renal Cell Carcinoma. Robotic assisted partial nephrectomy has been gaining ground as an approach with similar oncological results to open and laparoscopic approaches, while outperforming them in secondary endpoints, such as functional and perioperative results.

Materials and Methods:

We present our cohort of multiple renal tumors treated with robotic partial nephrectomy. 4 patients were treated for double kidney tumours. We demonstrate patients' demographics and tumour preoperative assessment, our surgical technique, operative details, such as the perioperative outcomes and complications.

Conclusion:

Our experience in the treatment of multiple renal masses with robotic partial nephrectomy suggests favourable outcomes for our patients extending the oncological, functional and perioperative results of RAPN.
Literature Review of an Adult Woman with Wilms' Tumor
Authors: Cakiroglu Basri , Tas Tuncay , Solak Mustafa , Aksoy Süleyman H , Ates Lora
Published: April 2024

Wilms' tumor (WT), also known as nephroblastoma, is considered as an embryonal tumor due to nephrogenesis and histologic mimics of the early-onset age. WT is the most common renal tumor in children, but it is extremely rare in adults. WT is known to be a very chemosensitive tumor, and modern clinical trials aim to improve risk classification to reduce the burden of treatment. Diagnosis of WT is usually made after nephrectomy, so the possibility of preoperative chemotherapy is only possible in patients diagnosed with biopsy. A 48-year-old female with a history of 3-week left upper quadrant and left flank pain applied to a general practitioner. There was no previous trauma, hematuria, or other systemic symptoms. Further investigation with computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen with intravenous contrast revealed enlarged left kidney mass lesion within the left lower pole measuring up to 7.4 cm × 7.5 cm × 9.2 cm [Figure 1]. The patient underwent open radical left nephrectomy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and partial excision [Figure 2]. Radical nephrectomy was performed, and when nephroblastoma was detected in histopathological examination, she was consulted with medical oncology. After positron emission tomography-CT examination revealed a thyroid involvement, a biopsy was performed, and it was diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy was performed by the ear, nose, and throat and papillary thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed. Then, the patient started on vincristine dactinomycin therapy. There was no recurrence at the 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 36th month controls of the patient.
SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with hemopathies: An experience of a clinical hematology center in sub-Saharan Africa, Senegal
Authors: Niang El Hadji Daouda , Mwamba Serge , Sarr Khadim , Maserigne Soumaré Pape , Gaye Ibrahima , Fortes Louis , Fall Seynabou , Ndiaye Fatou Samba Diago
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Many studies have reported the association of SARS-CoV-2 with benign and malignant hemopathies. Data from African series are scarce. This work was conducted in sub-Saharan Africa and aimed to study the clinical, biological, and evolutionary features of hemopathies associated with this infection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

It was a retrospective, cross-sectional study carried out over 32 months including 86 patients with benign or malignant hemopathies who underwent coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) confirmed by the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or presenting with atypical clinical signs associated with highly suggestive computed tomography (CT) scan signs.

RESULTS:

The mean age of patients was 48.3 ± 18.7 years with a sex ratio of 0.75. The main benign hemopathies were sickle cell trait (SCT) (n = 51), sickle cell disease SS (n = 8), and sickle cell disease SC (n = 1), while malignant hemopathies were represented by multiple myeloma (n = 5), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 5), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 4). The clinical symptoms mainly featured anemic syndrome (16.3%) and a vaso-occlusive crisis was found in 9.3% of homozygous sickle-cell patients. The infection was moderate in 48% of cases and severe in 19.7%. The severe forms were commonly found in patients with malignant hemopathies (47.6%) and the benign forms were noted in benign hemopathies (38.4%). Full blood count outlined anemia in 32.5% and lymphopenia in 23.2% of cases. On imaging, the CT scan reported severe lesions in 41.3% of cases. The outcome resulted in full recovery in 76.7% of cases, and mortality occurred in 23.3%. In univariate analysis, death was mainly noted in patients with lymphoid hemopathies (15%). Comorbidities (P < 0.0001), lymphoid hemopathies (P < 0.0001), and the severity of COVID-19 (P < 0.0001) had a positive impact on death occurrence in univariate analysis.

CONCLUSION:

The association between SARS-CoV-2 and hemopathy is not uncommon and is dominated by benign hemopathies. Malignant hemopathies are at-risk underlying conditions justifying a hospital follow-up of mild forms, allowing better survival. Particular attention must be paid to SCT with comorbidities and those with sickle cell disease of disease.
Comparison between all-on-four and all-on-six treatment concepts on stress distribution for full-mouth rehabilitation using three-dimensional finite element analysis: A biomechanical study
Authors: Pandey Aishwarya , Durrani Farhan , Rai Sanjay Kumar , Singh Nishant Kumar , Singh Preeti , Verma Rati , Kumar Jitendra
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

The current study intended to provide a comparison of biomechanical behaviors of two different treatment concepts for full-mouth rehabilitation with dental implants placed according to the “All-on-four” concept and “All-on-six” concept with analysis of the stress patterns of the implant support system using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA).

Materials and Methods:

The edentulous mandible was treated with two different implant designs. “All-on-Four” implant placement concept was used in Model 1 with two central axial implants and two distally tilted implants at 17° and in Model 2, “All-on-Six” concept was applied with six vertically placed implants. Individual vertical and horizontal load of 100 N and oblique load of 141 N at 45° was applied to all implants. To evaluate and compare the results in terms of maximum principal stress, we used FEA.

Results:

All-on-six showed smaller maximum principal stress values on the cortical bone and implants. However, maximum principal stress values obtained on trabecular bone was smaller in the All-on-four design for vertical and horizontal loading conditions.

Conclusions:

The All-on-six approach showed more favorable biomechanical behavior.
Various surgical methods of impacted maxillary canine exposure: A case series
Authors: Balasuppramaniem Meenalochani T. , Anitha A. , Manovijay B. , Ravi Saranyan
Published: April 2024

Impacted tooth is often a common problem in dentistry. Maxillary canines are seen impacted most commonly in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment without reaching the line of occlusion. These impactions are commonly due to physical obstructions and the difference in the direction of movement of the tooth. Canines are the cornerstones for esthetic smile and functional occlusion. Hence, surgical exposure of these impacted canines, guiding them toward the line of occlusion, plays a very important role in the maintenance of the health of periodontium. A series of cases are discussed on various techniques that can be used in guiding the direction or altering the direction of impacted canines to bring them into a proper occlusion without disturbing the health of periodontium.
Gingival hyperplasia: An initial oral manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sharan Jitendra , Mohapatra Sonali , Chhabra Gaurav , Padhi Somanath , Biswal Sandhya , Barhate Uday Hemant , Jena Ashok Kumar
Published: April 2024

Various systemic diseases can manifest oral signs and symptoms early, which may be crucial for diagnosis and outlining the treatment plan. This case report highlights the presentation of acute leukemia (a malignancy of white blood cells) in a young female. An 11-year-old girl presented with gingival overgrowth and bleeding from the gingiva, weakness, and recent history of weight loss. A detailed workup consisting of complete blood count, bone marrow examination, flow cytometric immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular studies were carried out. The investigations confirmed the infiltration of blast cells of myelomonocytic origin, and a confirmatory diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (French–American–British classification M5) was made. The patient was put on induction chemotherapy and responded well. She developed febrile neutropenia following chemotherapy, which was managed conservatively. Gingival overgrowth subsided after the chemotherapy, and at the time of discharge, she was asymptomatic and hemodynamically stable. The oral health-care professionals must recognize that gingival overgrowth/enlargement may represent an initial manifestation of an underlying systematic disease.
The implication of mitochondrial DNA mutation and dysfunction in periodontal diseases
Authors: Kannan Balachander , Arumugam Paramasivam
Published: April 2024

Periodontitis is a chronic oral inflammatory disease that is caused by dental plaque pathogens. Periodontal disease development and evolution are based on the host immune system, humoral and cellular immunity, the integrity of the tissues, and certain endocrine and nutritional factors. Mitochondria are significantly involved in periodontal infections and inflammation, which play a role in the inflammatory response in a variety of ways. In general, oxidative stress causes a stressful environment that subsequently leads to tissue damage and chronic inflammation. Several mutations and alterations in mitochondrial DNA lead the disease to an aggressive condition, by causing dysregulated mitochondrial function. Such mutations are significantly associated with various diseases. Numerous studies indicate chronic periodontitis patients have a decreased level of mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as adenosine triphosphate, and an increased level of reactive oxygen species production, which causes cell death in the periodontium and affects tissue growth. Further studies into the association between mitochondria and periodontitis might be helpful for the treatment and prevention of the diseases.
Smoking Behavior in Adolescents: The Role of Psychological Distress and COVID-19
Authors: Alalwan Abdulaziz I. , Shihah Abdulelah S. Bin , AbuDujain Nasser M. , Alekrish Yazeed , Jradi Hoda
Published: April 2024

Background:

Young people are an important market for the tobacco industry since most smokers try their first cigarette before they are 18 years. The early onset of smoking among adolescents has been significantly associated with the diagnosis of major depressive disorder, but the direction of causality is not yet known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between smoking and mental health among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess participants’ smoking behavior including the validated Arabic Youth Mental Health Scale.

Results:

The study achieved a 75% response rate. Overall, 186 (24.4%) participants reported being cigarette smokers. Of these respondents, 5.92 (9.56–13.67%) were male, and many of them lived with a smoker (tobacco or shisha). Beyond this, smoking e-cigarettes (odds ratio [OR] =20.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.09–50.25, P < 0.001) and living with shisha smoke (OR = 9.60, 95% CI: 4.15–22.16, P < 0.001) were independently associated with shisha use. Poor mental health was associated with smoking, either e-cigarette (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.03–3.31 P = 0.037), cigarette (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.14–4.37 P = 0.02) or shisha (OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.25–6.09, P = 0.01). Approximately 61% of the participants reported little knowledge of COVID-19, whereas 63% reported taking low precautionary measures against COVID-19.

Conclusion:

It has been discovered that smoking traditional cigarettes increases your likelihood of using an e-cigarette or shisha, as well as having a smoking family member. It is advised to enact comprehensive smoke-free regulations, raising the price of tobacco products, impose additional taxes, and launch national public awareness media campaigns as tobacco prevention and control measures.
Caricature-based Antenatal Breastfeeding Education Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alhreashy Fouzia Abdulaziz , Mobeirek Arwa Abdulelah , Mobeirek Osama Abdulelah , Al-Suwaidan Salem Dakheel , AlRajeh Nawal Mohammed , Alhorishi Monirh Abdulaziz
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

Cartoons, comics, and caricatures have been incorporated in health education. This trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of caricature-based breastfeeding education at improving breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and practice among pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out at Riyadh First Health Cluster in Saudi Arabia. A total of 85 pregnant women were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 41) or the control group (n = 44). The intervention was two caricature-based versus one standard online lecture in breastfeeding. The participants were followed up for 3 months postpartum. The primary outcome was full breastfeeding (predominant and exclusive breastfeeding) by the time infants were 3 months old. The secondary outcomes were prenatal and postnatal breastfeeding self-efficacy, Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) scores, and satisfaction with the education.

Results:

The participants were mostly Saudi (97.6% vs. 90.9%) and housewives (79% vs. 86.4%) for the intervention and control groups, respectively. The full breastfeeding rate at 3 months postpartum was 32.5% for the intervention and 31.6% for the control (P = 0.808; 95% confidence interval 0.539–1.965; relative risk = 1.029). Prenatal breastfeeding, postnatal self-efficacy, and IIFAS scores were compared between the intervention and control groups; no statistically significant difference was found (P > 0.05). In both arms of the study, participants’ experiences with the health education were satisfactory.

Conclusion:

Caricature use in antenatal breastfeeding education was a pleasant experience, but its effect on self-efficacy, attitudes, and behavior could not be determined from this trial. Large-scale, multi-center, multi-component research is recommended.
The Impact of Workload during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Clinical Laboratory Workforce in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Sawsan Ali , Bugis Bussma Ahmed , Akiel Maaged A.
Published: April 2024

Background:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed enormous pressure on different health-care systems globally. In Saudi Arabia, the COVID-19 pandemic has considerably increased the number of infected individuals and has caused a major concern among health-care professionals, including the laboratory workforce. This study aimed to measure the impact of COVID-19 workload on clinical laboratory workforce in Riyadh.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. We distributed questionnaires via E-mail invitations and social media platforms to 252 individuals. The online survey comprised eligibility, demographic, and workload-related questions as well as the 12-item General Health Questionnaire.

Results:

A total of 123 respondents completed the questionnaire and fit the eligibility criteria. The data showed that the total workload burden remarkably increased the number of tasks among all laboratory workers by 30.0%. In addition, 44.7% of the laboratory personnel reported psychological distress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:

Clinical laboratory workers reported a significant increase in workload burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Middle age and limited years of experience were found to be risk factors for psychological distress and anxiety among the laboratory workers.
Preference in PowerPoint Presentation among First-year Medical Students: A Nationwide Online Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Mondal Himel , Mondal Shaikat , Swain Sharada Mayee
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:

PowerPoint slides are commonly used to project class materials such as text and images, offering enhanced visual aids. However, preference among medical students has not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the preference in PowerPoint slides and its delivery method among medical students.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional observational study involving undergraduate medical students studying in any Indian medical college. An online survey was administered using a pre-tested questionnaire distributed through the Google Forms platform. The survey items encompassed overall preference, content and arrangement preference, diagram preference, text preference, access preference, and ambiance preference.

Results:

The study included 728 students, with a gender distribution of 66.35% boys and 33.65% girls. PowerPoint presentations were found helpful by 68.27% of students, while 53.85% found the class enjoyable. Preferences included major points in slides (81.73%), large text size (86.54%), and different colored headings (87.5%). Images aided understanding (85.58%), animations made the class interesting (92.31%), and access to slides before and after class was preferred. Students liked a dimly lit hall, teacher facing them, and the use of a laser pointer or stick. Font preferences were blue (45%) and black for body text (57%), with Verdana as the preferred font (89%). A white background was favored by 86% of students, with 67% preferring a clear background and 33% a designed or textured background.

Conclusion:

Medical students prefer PowerPoint slides with clear organization, large text, and visual aids such as images and animations. Accessibility to slides before and after classes is valued, and a conducive learning environment includes proper lighting, teacher–student interaction, and effective presentation tools. These insights can guide educators in creating more engaging and effective presentations for medical students.
Association of Src with Nottingham Prognostic Index in Breast Cancer: Implications for Breast Cancer Prognostication
Authors: Rustamadji Primariadewi , Wiyarta Elvan
Published: April 2024

Background:

Breast cancer affects one out of every eight women worldwide. Although the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) is an important tool for forecasting, its accuracy remains a matter of contention. The Src protein, which has been linked to cancer proliferation and metastasis, may provide improved prognostic information.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between Src expression levels and the NPI in breast cancer patients.

Methods:

From January 2019 to December 2022, breast cancer samples were collected retrospectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify Src expression, followed by digital image analysis using ImageJ software. To assure consistency, expression levels were standardized to a control protein. The samples were then stratified according to their NPI scores, and t-test was used to determine the relationship between Src expression and NPI. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Src expression demonstrated a wide range across the 60 samples analyzed. Although there were no significant associations between Src expression and age, tumor size, or lymphovascular invasion, there was a significant correlation between the NPI and Src expression (P = 0.046).

Conclusion:

Increased Src expression frequently indicated a worse prognosis. Despite the absence of significant correlations with conventional factors, the study discovered a crucial relationship between NPI and Src expression.
Preparedness for Future Pandemics: Utilizing Psychological First Aid in Disaster Mental Health-care Training
Authors: Simon Miriam Archana , Al-Ghailani Amal Saleh
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an immense global impact on health-care delivery and health-care training. One of the vital lessons learned in the postpandemic phase is to address the requirements for growing mental health-care concerns worldwide. In view of preparedness for similar disasters in the future, it is essential to create viable pathways that proactively tackle mental health crises. Measures to improve community resilience, through training in psychological first aid (PFA), as an intervention for disaster recovery and disaster management may prove beneficial. This may be achieved by training professionals and residents in the local community. In addition, training in PFA may be focused on first responders and frontline workers. Furthermore, training in disaster mental healthcare may be introduced as a curricular initiative for students in the health-care profession. This will be directly reflected in society’s preparedness for disasters and emergencies in the future. An initiative for training in PFA as part of the undergraduate curriculum has been introduced for medical students inticipated that the training module will equip students to effecn Oman. In addition to contributing to personal wellbeing, it is atively contribute to the management of disasters and emergencies.
Color Doppler Evaluation of Fetomaternal Circulation in Patients with Pregnancy-induced Hypertension and its Value in Predicting Perinatal Outcome
Authors: Malhan Puneet , Gupta Seema , Gupta Kamini , Galhotra Ritu Dhawan , Kakkar Chandan
Published: April 2024

Context and Aim:

The purpose of antenatal ultrasonography (USG) is to identify women at risk of complications due to various medical conditions such as pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia. Our aim was to describe the practical application of Doppler indices of the uterine, umbilical, and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) in patients with PIH by comparing them with perinatal outcome.

Materials and Method:

A prospective longitudinal study of 50 pregnant women with a clinical diagnosis of PIH referred for USG and color Doppler and followed for any adverse perinatal outcome till 7 days after delivery was done. Patients were examined using the convex probe of 1–5 MHz frequency on the IU22 (Philips) machine.

Results:

In this study, 46% of patients were in the age group of 26–30 years and 64% were multiparous. Out of 50 patients, 43 were live births and 7 stillbirths. Out of live births, 35 required neonatal intensive care unit admission and five had neonatal mortality. Umbilical artery Doppler indices were altered in 42, uterine artery in 26, and fetal MCA in nine patients. Absent and reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery, the persistence of diastolic notch in the uterine artery, and the brain-sparing effect in fetal MCA represented the most ominous signs. Doppler indices were abnormal in more than one artery in stillbirths and neonatal deaths.

Conclusion:

The knowledge of the uterine, umbilical, and fetal cerebral artery waveforms helps to assess compromised uteroplacental and fetoplacental circulation in patients with PIH at the earliest. Hence, the detection of altered indices should be an alerting signal for intensive fetal monitoring and prompt intervention.
To Sew or Not to Sew
Authors: Hambire Chaitali , Hambire Umesh Vishnu
Published: April 2024

Tongue injuries in children vary from slight lacerations to complete amputation. It could be due to falls, self-mutilation, epilepsy, child abuse, or sports injuries. The anterior dorsum is the most common site, followed by the mid dorsum and anterior ventral part. These injuries may cause dysfunction of the tongue, hemorrhage, and disfigurement. Management of injuries of the tongue in young children is challenging. There are no established guidelines for managing tongue lacerations. This is a case report of a 3-year-old girl with a laceration on the anterolateral part of the tongue with nonapproximating wound edges. The laceration extended from the dorsal to the ventral part. The parents were apprehensive for the surgical management of the injury due to the age of their daughter. Hence, healing of the injury with conservative management without suturing was achieved. The management of traumatic injuries of the tongue in children is difficult due to their age and cooperation. The pediatrician has to decide whether to heal the tongue by primary or secondary intention. Our decision to allow the healing by secondary intention was successful. The tongue healed without any complications, barring a small scar, with satisfactory esthetic and functional outcome. Both the parents and the child were satisfied with the management of the injury.
Problem-based Learning in Dental Education
Authors: Ittycheria Prameetha George , Mathew Anju , John Saumya , Kuriakose Rene
Published: April 2024

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centred pedagogy, in which students gain knowledge through the experience of solving an open-ended problem found in trigger material. In PBL, student learning centres on a complex problem that does not have a sole correct answer. Students initiate working in collaborative groups to recognise what they require to learn to solve a problem. Teachers act as facilitators here and provide resources and intense use of such resources along with group discussions, peer support and the use of virtual technologies to help students to self-directed learning (SDL). They engage in a concept called SDL and further apply their novel knowledge to the problem received and reflect on what they learned and the efficacy of the strategies employed. The effects of PBL on students learning are multiple. They gain cognitive knowledge and simultaneously improve their technical skills, developing reasoning abilities, learning group dynamics, incorporating attitudes and experiencing communication skills. This article provides an insight into the history of PBL, the significance and characteristics of PBL, the role of a student and facilitator, the advantages and disadvantages and the relevance of PBL in adult learning.
The Trick of the Trade: Effective Use of Bimanual Reduction Techniques in Treating Acute Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation – A Review and Case Report
Authors: Pauly Geon , Ashok Navami , Peter Mathew , Nair Sreelakshmi N.
Published: April 2024

Dislocation of the condyle of the mandible is a common condition. It may be unilateral or bilateral and can be acute, recurrent and rarely chronic. Dislocation can occur in any direction, with anterior dislocation being the most common. Acute mandibular dislocation is defined as displacement of the mandibular condyle anterior to the articular eminence, causing complete separation of articulating surfaces and fixation in that position. The event is painful and distressing for the patient and their family and poses quite a challenge to the dental team addressing it.
Polyetheretherketone: Properties, Modifications and Applications in General Dentistry
Authors: Mohammed Swalih T.
Published: April 2024

The commercialisation of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) of polyaryletherketone family paved for the new development in the medical field, especially in dentistry. The high performance and better bioavailability, biocompatibility and strength all together made this material a replacement for laboratory technicians to switch from conventional metallic and zirconium alloys to PEEK. The objective is to know the general characteristics, mechanical and chemical properties and various uses of PEEK in dentistry and the use of PEEK in implant prosthodontics. Various modifications of PEEK like Carbon fiber reinforced (CFR-PEEK) and Glass fiber reinforced (GFR-PEEK) were discovered to replace unreinforced PEEK due to its better physical and mechanical properties. The various applications of PEEK are also a main objective. PEEK has replaced titanium in implant dentistry because of its better tensile strength and its elastic modulus which is close to the dentin. The advantages and disadvantages of PEEK in dental implant prosthesis are also considered.
A new predictive scoring model for globus pharyngeus in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Alshahrani Abdulaziz S. , Almasabi Faris
Published: April 2024

Background:

Globus pharyngeus is a clinical condition, wherein, a patient senses a lump or a foreign body in the throat with a tightening or choking feeling. A strong association between globus pharyngeus and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was reported. Therefore, we sought to investigate the predictive factors of globus pharyngeus in patients with established GERD and fit a predictive scoring model for globus pharyngeus.

Methods:

In this case-control study, 143 patients having globus pharyngeus along with GERD (case) and 109 patients having globus pharyngeus without GERD (control) were enrolled. Data comprising demographics, comorbidities, and psychosocial stress levels were recorded. The predictive factors of globus pharyngeus in patients with GERD were unraveled, and a predictive scoring model was fit for globus pharyngeus.

Results:

Proton pump inhibitor usage in the case group was significantly higher compared to controls (63.63% vs 24.78%, P < 0.001), and differences in Hiatus Hernia and Stress levels were highly significant between the two groups (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that variates, Hiatus Hernia, psychosocial stress, and age were highly significant (P < 0.001) independent predictors of globus pharyngeus. Using the regression coefficients of all the independent predictor variables, a predictive scoring model was fitted, which yielded an area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 78.9.

Conclusion:

Hiatus hernia, psychosocial stress, and age are significant independent predictors of globus pharyngeus in GERD, and our predictive scoring model may help in identifying patients at higher odds of experiencing globus pharyngeus and modulate treatment accordingly.