bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Rare Autosomal Dominant Variant in Regulator of Calcineurin Type 1 (RCAN1) Gene Confers Enhanced Calcineurin Activity and May Cause FSGS
Authors: Lane Brandon M. , Murray Susan , Benson Katherine , Bierzynska Agnieszka , Chryst-Stangl Megan , Wang Liming , Wu Guanghong , Cavalleri Gianpiero , Doyle Brendan , Fennelly Neil , Dorman Anthony , Conlon Shane , Vega-Warner Virginia , Fermin Damian , Vijayan Poornima , Qureshi Mohammad Azfar , Shril Shirlee , Barua Moumita , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Pollak Martin , Howell David , Sampson Matthew G. , Saleem Moin , Conlon Peter J. , Spurney Robert , Gbadegesin Rasheed
Published: April 2021

Significance Statement

Whole-genome sequencing of 320 individuals with nephrotic syndrome (NS) of unclear genetic etiology and data from several independent patient cohorts provided insight into the genetic architecture of the condition. The strategy identified a disease-causing autosomal dominant mutation in regulator of calcineurin type 1 (RCAN1) that increased cellular calcineurin (CN) activity, NFAT (NF of activated T cells) activation, and susceptibility to apoptosis of podocytes in vitro. Inhibition of an RCAN regulator, GSK-3β, rescued the increased CN activation. Mutations in RCAN1 are a novel cause of NS and reveal a potential target for developing personalized therapy.

Background

Podocyte dysfunction is the main pathologic mechanism driving the development of FSGS and other morphologic types of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Despite significant progress, the genetic causes of most cases of SRNS have yet to be identified.

Methods

Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 320 individuals from 201 families with familial and sporadic NS/FSGS with no pathogenic mutations in any known NS/FSGS genes.

Results

Two variants in the gene encoding regulator of calcineurin type 1 (RCAN1) segregate with disease in two families with autosomal dominant FSGS/SRNS. In vitro, loss of RCAN1 reduced human podocyte viability due to increased calcineurin activity. Cells expressing mutant RCAN1 displayed increased calcineurin activity and NFAT activation that resulted in increased susceptibility to apoptosis compared with wild-type RCAN1. Treatment with GSK-3 inhibitors ameliorated this elevated calcineurin activity, suggesting the mutation alters the balance of RCAN1 regulation by GSK-3β, resulting in dysregulated calcineurin activity and apoptosis.

Conclusions

These data suggest mutations in RCAN1 can cause autosomal dominant FSGS. Despite the widespread use of calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of NS, genetic mutations in a direct regulator of calcineurin have not been implicated in the etiology of NS/FSGS before this report. The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting RCAN1 regulatory molecules, such as GSK-3β, in the treatment of FSGS.
Business Exit During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Non-Traditional Measures in Historical Context
Authors: Crane Leland D. , Decker Ryan A. , Flaaen Aaron , Hamins-Puertolas Adrian , Kurz Christopher
Published: April 2021

Lags in official data releases have forced economists and policymakers to leverage "alternative" or "non-traditional" data to measure business exit resulting from the COVID- 19 pandemic. We first review official data on business exit in recent decades to place the alternative measures of exit within historical context. For the U.S., business exit is countercyclical and fairly common, with about 7.5 percent of firms exiting annually in recent years. Both the high level and the cyclicality of exit are driven by very small firms and establishments. We then explore a range of alternative measures of business exit, including novel measures based on paycheck issuance and phone-tracking data, which indicate exit was elevated in certain sectors during the first year of the pandemic. The evidence is mixed, however; many industries have likely seen lower-than-usual exit rates, and exiting businesses do not appear to represent a large share of U.S. employment. Actual exit is likely to have been lower than widespread expectations from early in the pandemic. Moreover, businesses have recently exhibited notable optimism about their survival prospects.
Labor Market Effects of the Oxycodone-Heroin Epidemic
Authors: Cho David , Garcia Daniel I. , Montes Joshua , Weingarden Alison
Published: April 2021

We estimate the causal effects of heroin use on labor market outcomes by proxying for heroin use with prior exposure to oxycodone, the largest of the prescription opioids with a well-documented history of abuse. After a nationwide tightening in the supply of oxycodone in 2010, states with greater prior exposure to oxycodone experienced much larger increases in heroin use and mortality. We find increases in heroin use led to declines in employment and labor force participation rates, particularly for white, young, and less educated groups, consistent with the profile of oxycodone misusers. The results show the importance of extending beyond prescriptions when accounting for the labor market effects of the opioid crisis.
The Power of Corruption: Xenophon on the Upbringing of a Good Citizen in Sparta
Authors: Mishurin Aleksandr
Published: April 2021

In the given article, the author offers an interpretation of the work titled Lacedaimonion Politeia, written by the ancient political philosopher Xenophon of Athens. Judging from Xenophon’s sober and open-minded attitude to the regime he researches, the author focuses on the central issue of the treatise, namely, the upbringing of a virtuous or good citizen. This became the cornerstone of Sparta’s success as a polis, and provided it with a fame as a unique political entity praised by all, but copied by none. The author identifies the three stages of the Spartan education given by Xenophon and continues with the practices of its implementation at a mature age. The research makes it clear that the purpose of the laws of Lycurgus, as described by Xenophon, is twofold. On the one hand, the given laws instill respect, obedience, and the virtue of manliness which the lawgiver desired in citizens. On the other hand, the laws create citizens who merely imitate the above-described traits of character and law-abidance, and who are actually more like unmitigated criminals constantly fighting with each other. It is the second type of people—good criminals—who find themselves in power in Sparta, and they are the ones who end up destroying the Spartan state. By providing this diagnosis of the Spartan regime and the laws of Lycurgus, Xenophon attempts to show that handling the problem of the education of good citizens as suggested in Sparta is misguided and requires additional deliberation.
International Law and the Orthodox Church: Ideas of M. V. Zyzykin in the 1930s
Authors: Borshch Irina
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the ideas of Mikhail V. Zyzykin (1880–1960) about the contribution of the Church to international law in the context of its history and the international relations in the 1930s. Special attention is paid to the relation of Orthodoxy to international law, since Zyzykin is one of the few jurists who have studied in detail the influence of the Orthodox Church tradition on the law of nations. His works on this subject (first of all, an essay The Church and International Law (1937), based on a report at the Oxford conference of practical Christianity in 1937), remain little known to social and political science. The article considers the main provisions of Zyzykin about the origin of international law in medieval Europe with the participation of the Church in the context of the positions of other international lawyers (Taube, Martens, Kamarovsky, Nys, Bluntschli). It contains a comparative characteristic of the attitude to international law of the three Christian denominations (Catholicism, Protestantism, and Orthodoxy) according to Zyzykin and his idea of the Christian West and East “asymmetric” international contribution (the East was represented initially by the Eastern Roman Empire, and then by the Russian Empire). The fourth part describes the most original part of Zyzykin’s ideological legacy: a comparison of two vulnerable attempts of international organization, the Holy Alliance in the XIX century and the League of Nations in the XX century.
High throughput quantification of CRISPR gRNA efficiency based on surrogate lentivirus libraries v1
Authors: Xiang Xi , Luo Yonglun
Published: April 2021

This protocol is developed for massively capture CRISPR gRNA efficiency in cells. The protocol is based on lentivirus vectors which carry a CRISPR gRNA expression cassette and a surrogate target site. The surrogate target site is used to captured indels introduced by CRISPR, which are quantified by next generation sequencing. A lentivirus plasmid vector is generated to streamline Golden-Gate Assembly based plasmid library generation and quantification of lentivirus titer.
Microfluidic device platform operation for processing tissue into single cells v1
Authors: Lombardo Jeremy
Published: April 2021

Protocol for operating Minced Digestion and Integrated Dissociation and Filtration Devices
Microfluidic device platform operation for processing tissue into single cells v2
Authors: Lombardo Jeremy
Published: April 2021

Protocol for operating Minced Digestion and Integrated Dissociation and Filtration Devices
Single-nuclei suspensions from primary human esophagus tissue v1
Authors: Kimbley Lucy , Parker Rachel , Harrington Jack , Walker Rob , Hayden Annette , West Jonathan , Johnson Peter , Underwood TIm , Rose-Zerilli Matthew
Published: April 2021

A protocol to dissociate frozen esophagus tissue specimens for single-nuclei transcriptomics.
Models of the pension system: international experience and local practice
Authors: Cheberyako O. , Bykova V.
Published: April 2021

The article substantiates the nature of the national models of the pension system and its structure in accordance with the concept of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The basis of the national models of pension system are two well-known models of social security: Bismarck and Beveridge Social Insurance Systems. Thus, authors prepared the comparison of this models. The features of pension system in the countries of Europe (Germany, Great Britain, Sweden, Poland), the United States and Chile are analysed. The analysis of the national models of the pension system in Asian countries identifies three institutional patterns: the statist pension system (Taiwan and China), the dualist pension system (Japan and Korea) and individualist pension system (Hong Kong and Singapore). Based on trends of development of pension provision in foreign countries, authors determine the main tasks and ways to improve the domestic system, namely, introduction mandatory funded pension system and reforming the voluntary private pensions insurance.
Evolution of the Lithic Industry in Central Dagestan During the Early Pleistocene: The Rising Occurrence of Flake Blanks
Authors: Amirkhanov H. A.
Published: April 2021

Archaeological data from stratified Early Pleistocene sites in Central Dagestan are arranged in a direct stratigraphic sequence, making it possible to reconstruct the changes in lithic industry over a span of 1.2 mln years, from ~2.0 to 0.8 Ma BP, and to separate the principal stages in the Early Paleolithic culture of the Caucasus. This study examines blanks found at sites of the Ainikab-Mukhkay group, such as Ainikab-1, and Mukhkay-1, -2, and -2a. Occurrences of large flake blanks (>10 cm) at the Oldowan and the Oldowan to Acheulean transitional stage are provided. Such blanks appear at the beginning of the Jaramillo paleomagnetic episode (~1.07 Ma BP). By the end of the Early Pleistocene, their share attains 25.77 % of the total number of blanks for morphologically distinct tools. They are absent in Oldowan deposits (~2 Ma BP). The totality of statistical data justifies the separation of the transitional Oldowan to Acheulean stage in the region, dating to 1.0–0.8 Ma BP.
New Evidence of the Late Neopleistocene Peopling of the Lower Ob Valley
Authors: Zolnikov I. D. , Anoikin A. A. , Filatov E. A. , Vybornov A. V. , Vasiliev A. V. , Postnov A. V. , Zotkina L. V.
Published: April 2021

This study focuses on the early human occupation of the arctic part of the West Siberian Plain and introduces the finds at the Paleolithic site Kushevat (Shuryshkarsky District, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), discovered in 2020. Geological and geomorphological characteristics of the Lower Ob region are provided, the chronology of the key Middle and Late Neopleistocene sequences is assessed, and criteria underlying the search for Paleolithic sites in the area are outlined. We describe the discovery and excavations at Kushevat, its stratigraphy and its faunal remains. On the basis of correlation with neighboring key Late Neopleistocene sections with a representative series of absolute dates, the age of the site is estimated at cal 50–35 ka BP. Results of a traceological study of a possibly human-modified reindeer antler are provided. Findings at Kushevat and the available information on the early peopling of northern Eurasia suggest that the boundary of the inhabited part of that region must be shifted ~200 km to the north. The Ob, therefore, is one of the last major Siberian rivers where traces of the Early Upper Paleolithic culture have been found. The discovery of a stratified site in its lower stretch is a milestone in the Paleolithic studies in the region. A large area over which faunal remains are distributed, and the presence of lithics among the surface finds, suggest that Kushevat is a highly prospective site for future archaeological studies of the early stages in the human peopling of the region.
Three Silver Dishes from Yugra
Authors: Fedorova N. V. , Baulo A. V.
Published: April 2021

We introduce medieval silver dishes found near Peregrebnoye, Oktyabrsky District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, Western Siberia. In our opinion, they are associated with the Peregrebnoye I fortified site, dating to the late first to early second millennia AD. They may also have belonged to an Ob Ugric sanctuary. A chronological and cultural attribution of the dishes is proposed. The dish likely representing an ibex is considered to be Sogdian, belonging to the second stage of School A, according to B.I. Marshak. It has several parallels among the medieval silver vessels from the Kama basin. The tripod dish, showing a lion clawing a deer against a background decorated with a circular stamp, is either Sogdian or eastern Iranian, dating to late 8th to 10th centuries. The one representing a king riding a horse and accompanied by two warriors is a somewhat simplified replica of Sasanian prototypes, and could have been manufactured in one of the trade centers of eastern Iran or Central Asia no earlier than the 8th century—likely in the 9th–10th centuries. The Peregrebnoye finds are analyzed with reference to the 8th–10th century Sogdian and eastern Iranian silver vessels from the Lower Ob region. Their distribution area includes the Severnaya Sosva and Synya Rivers, and the vicinity of Berezovo.
Composite Belt Ornaments with Bear Claw Pieces in Medieval Men’s Costume of the Perm Region, Western Urals
Authors: Krylasova N. B. , Danich A. V.
Published: April 2021

Longstanding excavations at the Boyanovo and Rozhdestvenskoye medieval cemeteries in the Perm Territory revealed a new type of belt ornament—pendants with arch-shaped pieces carved from dorsal plates of bear claws. Each piece has two drilled holes in the central third, and they were strung on two cords in a “rope ladder” fashion. Pieces made of bear claws were interchanged with bronze beads or pipes. At the ends of strings, bells or pendants were attached. Such ornaments were worn exclusively by boys and men of all ages (from two to sixty). Silver artifacts and other “elite” items, suggesting that they were markers of high social status, accompanied the ornaments. The use of bear claws might indicate an apotropaic function. The available facts point to the use in funerary costume only, but the difficulty of manufacturing such ornaments obviates the possibility of a one-off use. Previously, such an ornament was found only at Zagarye, a cemetery dating to the final stage of the Lomovatovka culture. The pendants, then, were used during the late 9th to the late 11th centuries.
Unfortified Settlements of the Cheptsa Culture (9th–13th Centuries): Ambiguity of Interpretation and Delimitation of Boundaries
Authors: Zhurbin I. V.
Published: April 2021

Unfortified rural settlements have traditionally been detected by the presence of surface finds in tilled soil or of a cultural layer in test pits, by the conformity of the area to known landscape features, and by the absence of salient signs of defensive structures. The totality of these parameters is not always an unambiguous indicator of an unfortified settlement. Owing to intense tillage in the late 20th century, affecting many sites in Central Russia and the western Urals, their outward features have been obliterated, and erosion has resulted in a gradual displacement of habitation deposits from watersheds and slopes to negative landforms. Given these destructions and the resulting unreliability of traditional archaeological criteria, the most efficient way of revealing unfortified settlements, delineating their boundaries, and tentatively reconstructing their layouts, is to use multidisciplinary approach. This study focuses on medieval unfortified settlements in northern Udmurtia—Nizhnebogatyrskoye I, and Kushmanskoye II and III. Their outward features are virtually identical. They were explored using geophysical prospection, soil drilling, and archaeological excavations. On the basis of the results, types of settlement were reliably determined and boundaries of cultural layer were delimited. In all cases, preliminary interpretations were rejected. Kushmanskoye III is shown to be a fortified settlement, and Kushmanskoye II is likely to have been a medieval economic development zone without any structures. In the case of Nizhnebogatyrskoye I, its previously determined boundaries, deduced from the distribution area of finds and landscape features, were substantially corrected.
The Use of Natural Scientific Methods in the Study of Leather Items from Archaeological Excavations
Authors: Osipov D. O.
Published: April 2021

This article outlines the results of analyses of footwear and other late medieval and recent leather items. Orthopedic diagnostics are used to assess an early 18th-century woman’s shoe from the historic center of Kaluga. The insole, made of tightly fitted cords, suggests that the shoe had a corrective function. Infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography were used to analyze the leather of which the quiver found during the excavations in Moscow was made, and to evaluate the technique whereby its surface was processed. Natural scientific methods were used to study the various types of leather and threads, and to reconstruct the decorative techniques. Leather footwear from the medieval town of Galich, near Kostroma, is compared to that from other Central Russian towns, revealing local variations in footwear and the distribution areas of its types. It is concluded that natural scientific methods are helpful in the study of such finds.
Morphofunctional Characteristics of Mongolian Children and Adolescents Living in Different Ecological Zones
Authors: Godina E. Z. , Gundegmaa L. , Permyakova E. Y.
Published: April 2021

In 2014–2015, 13,477 Mongolian schoolchildren (5833 boys and 7644 girls from different regions of the country), aged 8–17, were subjected to a comprehensive biological study. The program included 50+ anthropometric and anthroposcopic traits. Out of this set, bodily dimensions and functional parameters were used for the present paper. Their analysis was carried out among residents of mountain-taiga, steppe, and desert zones, which are still the main ecological niches of Mongolia. The urban sample (the best known Mongolian population, which included only subjects born and living in Ulaanbaatar) was used as a control group. The urban children and adolescents, as well as those living in the mountain-taiga zone, are characterized by maximal average values of the parameters. In the capital, these parameters are mostly affected by the living conditions, which are the best, confirming the results of previous studies. At the same time, the stressful urban factors account for higher indicators of the hemodynamic system in urban schoolchildren. The resemblance of these characteristics in steppe and desert dwellers results from relatively similar climatic conditions and physical stress patterns.
New Insights into the Lake Erie Fault System from the 2019 ML 4.0 Ohio Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Yao Dongdong , Huang Yihe , Fox Jeffrey L.
Published: April 2021

We present a detailed analysis of the 10 June 2019 ML 4.0 Ohio earthquake sequence, which is the largest earthquake that struck Lake County, northeastern Ohio, since 1986. This sequence is well recorded by local seismic networks, which provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the local seismotectonics. We utilize a waveform-based cross-correlation method to identify ∼12 times more events than reported by the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog: the whole sequence started with several small earthquakes (ML 1–2) beginning 12 March 2019, and the last one occurred ∼1min immediately before the ML 4.0 mainshock; many previously unreported aftershocks (ML 0.3–2.2) are found, which were active for the first week after the mainshock; another major sequence with a 7 December 2019 ML 2.6 mainshock occurred and also started with a few smaller events beginning in mid-November and was followed by its own aftershocks. The relocated seismicity delineates a linear feature, orientation of which is consistent with the resolved focal plane that may correspond to the ruptured fault. Our results highlight that closer monitoring of local seismicity is crucial for understanding the seismotectonics and mitigating future seismic hazard around the southern Great Lakes.
High-Quality Revision of the Israeli Seismic Bulletin
Authors: Schardong Lewis , Horin Yochai Ben , Ziv Alon , Myers Stephen C. , Wust-Bloch Hillel , Radzyner Yael
Published: April 2021

Seismic bulletins, with trustworthy phase picks, origin times, and source locations are key for regional seismic studies, such as travel-time (TT) tomography, attenuation tomography, and anisotropy studies. To lay the groundwork for such studies in Israel, we revised the seismic bulletin of Israel and the surrounding area and obtained a trustworthy TT data set. From the earthquake and explosion bulletins of the Geophysical Institute of Israel, we compiled a starting data set of about 123,000 earthquakes and explosions that occurred during the past 40 yr. After screening out the poorly recorded events, we were left with a data set of ∼38,000 well-recorded events. We then revised the remaining data set in two consecutive steps. In the first, we reviewed and updated station metadata, including changes in station metadata parameters over time. In the second step, we jointly relocated a list of selected seismic events, using the Bayesian hierarchical location software package (BayesLoc) of Myers et al. (2007) that performs joint relocation of multiple events. We observed striking dissimilarities between the spatial distributions of the newly relocated catalog and the initial locations. Although the depth distribution of the starting catalog is trimodal with peaks at 0, 5, and 10 km, the distribution in this study is unimodal, with a broad peak between 7.5 and 12.5 km. By differencing the observed arrival times and the origin times obtained through relocation with BayesLoc, we obtained a revised TT database that consists of 261,336 Pg, 132,876 Pn, 114,816 Sg, and 60,394 Sn arrivals, from a set of 30,458 jointly relocated seismic sources. We compared prerevision and postrevision TTs as a function of epicentral distance and concluded that the revised data set contains far fewer outliers and inconsistencies than the original data set. The revised TT data set may be used for seismic studies, such as TT tomography, attenuation tomography, and anisotropy studies.
A 24-Yr-Long Seismic Bulletin for the European Arctic
Authors: Schweitzer Johannes , Paulsen Berit , Antonovskaya Galina N. , Fedorov Andrey V. , Konechnaya Yana V. , Asming Vladimir E. , Pirli Myrto
Published: April 2021

To understand the seismic activity in the European Arctic, the seismic bulletins for the region should be as complete as possible. We present the collection results of a new seismic event bulletin of the European Arctic (70° to 90° N, −15° to 75° E) for the 24-yr-long period 1990–2013. The contribution describes in detail the merging of the different sources taken in account for the compilation, the homogenization of the data, and the relocation of the seismic events. With respect to the International Seismological Centre bulletin, the new bulletin contains 5957 new seismic events and 58,242 new seismic onset readings from stations mostly located at regional distances. The gains are distributed over the entire study region, with the most significant contributions across the Svalbard archipelago, along the Knipovich and northern Mohns ridges, as well as northern Fennoscandia.
Sağlık Çalışanlarına Yönelik Şiddetin Çözümünde İletişim Becerilerinin Rolü: Sistematik Derleme
Authors: ÖZŞENLER Selma Didem
Published: April 2021

Sağlıkta şiddet son yıllarda çok fazla artan güncel olayların başında gelmektedir. Doktor-hasta-sağlık çalışanı üçgeninde yaşanan iletişim becerilerinin yetersizliği ve bazı demografik faktörler sağlıkta şiddeti arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışma, son yıllarda artan sağlıkta şiddet durumunun sebeplerini araştırmayı ve iletişim becerilerinin rolünü ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışma, dünyada son üç yıl içerisinde yapılmış olan sağlıkta şiddet çalışmalarının sistematik derleme yolu ile analizini ve iletişim becerilerinin sağlıkta şiddet kavramındaki rolünü araştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Araştırmanın modeli sistematik derlemedir. Veri toplama, üç ayrı veritabanında (Scopus, Web of Science ve Sage), anahtar kelimeler gelişmiş arama yapılarak (örn; doctor and violence) tüm erişime açık makalelerde 2017 Ocak ile 2020 Ocak aralığındaki makaleler taranarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın yönteminde iki araştırmacı bağımsız bir şekilde her bir makaleyi detaylı bir şekilde inceleyerek araştırmanın özüne en uygun olan makaleleri seçmişlerdir. Makalelerin seçiminde nitel, kesitsel, prevalans çalışmaları için Joanna Briggs Institute Kritik Değerlendirme Kontrol Listesi kullanılmıştır ve araştırma raporunun yazımında PRISMA Bildirimi kontrol listesi seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularında veritabanında anahtar sözcülerle yapılan ilk taramada toplamda 759 makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Yalnızca özet ve anahtar sözcüklere bakılarak yapılan ilk elemede 116 tane makaleye indirilmiştir. İkinci analiz başlık, anahtar sözcüler, özet ve sonuca bakılarak elenmiştir. Bu inceleme sonucunda da araştırma konusuna uygun 16 makaleye ulaşılmıştır.
Diyalojik İletişim Teorisi Perspektifinden Ülkelerin Sağlık Bakanlıkları Web Sitelerine Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ÇEBER Burak , POLAT Ahmet Fuat
Published: April 2021

Dünya genelinde insanları etkileyen Covid-19 Salgını bireyin, toplumun doğru bir şekilde bilgilendirilmesi ve yönlendirilmesi açısından iletişimin öneminin daha net bir şekilde anlaşıldığı dönem olarak devam etmektedir. Küresel düzeyde kamusal bir sorun olan Covid-19 Salgını’na yönelik farkındalığın oluşturulması, tutumların değiştirilmesi, doğru bilgi akışının sağlanması gibi insan sağlığını doğrudan etkileyen konularda diyalojik iletişime olanak tanıyan kurumsal web sitelerine ihtiyacın arttığı görülmektedir. Bu çerçeveden hareketle çalışmada Covid-19 Salgın Dönemi’nde en yüksek genel vaka istatistiğine sahip ilk 50 ülkenin Sağlık Bakanlıklarına ait Web sayfaları Kent ve Taylor’ın diyalojik iletişim kriterleri çerçevesinde karşılaştırmalı olarak içerik analizine tabi tutulmuş; bu analizle örneklem olarak seçilen ülkelerin Sağlık Bakanlıkları-web sitelerinin diyalojik iletişim düzeyleri belirlenerek diyalogun ne oranda ve nasıl gerçekleştiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Sağlık Bakanlıklarına ait web sitelerinin büyük bir bölümünde; anket, canlı destek ve soru-cevap uygulamasına imkân tanıyan özelliklerin yer almadığı dolayısıyla web sitelerinin diyalojik döngü ve yeniden ziyareti sağlama açısından yeterli düzeyde olmadıkları saptanmış, bu eksikliklerin giderilmesiyle diyalojik iletişim için daha uygun bir ortamın oluşacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Human CHR18: “Stakhanovite” Genes, Missing and uPE1 Proteins in Liver Tissue and HepG2 Cells
Authors: Deinichenko K.A. , Krasnov G.S. , Radko S.P. , Ptitsyn K.G. , Shapovalova V.V. , Timoshenko O.S. , Khmeleva S.A. , Kurbatov L.K. , Kiseleva Y.Y. , Ilgisonis E.V. , Pyatnitskiy M.A. , Poverennaya E.V. , Kiseleva O.I. , Vakhrushev I.V. , Tsvetkova A.V. , Buromski I.V. , Markin S.S. , Zgoda V.G. , Archakov A.I. , Lisitsa A.V. , Ponomarenko E.A.
Published: April 2021

Missing (MP) and functionally uncharacterized proteins (uPE1) comprise less than 5% of the total number of proteins encoded by human Chr18 genes. Within half a year, since the January 2020 version of NextProt, the number of entries in the MP+uPE1 datasets changed, mainly due to the achievements of antibody-based proteomics. Assuming that the proteome is closely related to the transcriptome scaffold, quantitative PCR, Illumina HiSeq, and Oxford Nanopore Technology were applied to characterize the liver samples of three male donors in comparison with the HepG2 cell line. The data mining of the Expression Atlas (EMBL-EBI) and the profiling of biopsy samples by using orthogonal methods of transcriptome analysis have shown that in HepG2 cells and the liver, the genes encoding functionally uncharacterized proteins (uPE1) are expressed as low as for the missing proteins (less than 1 copy per cell), except the selected cases of HSBP1L1, TMEM241, C18orf21, and KLHL14. The initial expectation that uPE1 genes might be expressed at higher levels than MP genes, was compromised by severe discrepancies in our semi-quantitative gene expression data and in public databanks. Such discrepancy forced us to revisit the transcriptome of Chr18, the target of the Russian C-HPP Consortium. Tanglegram of highly expressed genes and further correlation analysis have shown the severe dependencies on the mRNA extraction method and the analytical platform. Targeted gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and high-throughput transcriptome profiling (Illumina HiSeq and ONT MinION) for the same set of samples from normal liver tissue and HepG2 cells revealed the detectable expression of 250+ (92%) protein-coding genes of Chr18 (at least one method). The expression of slightly more than 50% protein-coding genes was detected simultaneously by all three methods. Correlation analysis of the gene expression profiles showed that the grouping of the datasets depended almost equally on both the type of biological material and the experimental method, particularly cDNA/mRNA isolation and library preparation.
Kent Institution
Authors: Anonymous Prisoners *
Published: April 2021

Contribution to the dialogue on Canada’s federal penitentiary system and the need for penal reform.
Nano-robotics: The future of health and dental care
Authors: A Mani Shubhangi , Sachdeva Shivani , Mani Amit , R Vora Hiral , S. Gholap Sonali , Kaur Sodhi Jasleen
Published: April 2021

The future of medical health care is evolving day in and out. Researchers are focusing on facing the biggest challenges in the field by using smallest of the solutions. Nanotechnology uptil now have been seen only in science fiction stories and movies. An upcoming future is now promising us turn this fiction turn into reality.

Nanorobotics is a field where microsocopic robots will be created to perform medical and dental procedures. Gaining access to robotics at nano level in the dental world, the aim will be to treat dental conditions rapidly and more efficiently, by causing minimum pain. Nanorobots to be made up of “smart” structure which will have the ability of inciting, sensing, signalling, processing information and perform the required treatment at nano scale.

The emergence of nanorobtics in healthcare sector will change the face of medical sciences. The article aims to elucidate the current scenario of nano world in dentistry and how nanorobotics will fabricate a better future in treatment modalities in dentistry.
Public awareness, knowledge, attitude and acceptance of dental implants as a treatment modality among patients visiting dental college setups in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India: A pilot study
Authors: Mahajan Ajay , Singh Asi Kanwarjit , Mahajan Anjali , Ashadeep  , Bhatia Vindeshwari
Published: April 2021

: Edentulism is one of the most commonly encountered condition affecting the oral cavity. Dental implants have emerged as a widely accepted prosthetic treatment option. However, lack of public awareness and cost of the treatment act as barriers which limit their applicability.

A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in five dental colleges in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of participants regarding the importance of replacing missing teeth and dental implants.

Epi-info software version 7.

Majority of the patients were partially edentulous and believed that replacement of missing teeth is important but only half of participants had undergone treatment for the same. A large number of patients were aware about tooth replacement options but the awareness regarding dental implants was scarce.

High cost and lack of information seem to be the major barriers in delivering dental implant treatment. Efforts are needed to educate and spread the awareness about implants among general population.
Infancia y pandemia: Crónica de una ausencia anunciada
Authors: Massó Guijarro Ester
Published: April 2021

La infancia es el sur del virus, como ha visibilizado la pandemia de COVID-19: un mundo donde el cuidado no es un valor escogido desde el deseo, y donde la voz infantil es silenciada en virtud de una injusticia epistémica ancestral. Así, la transformación que las sociedades humanas están experimentando debido a la COVID-19 ha impactado significativamente en los derechos de la infancia, a niveles micro y macro. En España, como país especialmente golpeado por la pandemia, encontramos que tanto la primera infancia (a través especialmente de la violencia obstétrica) como ella misma en todas sus fases, están siendo víctimas de un paradigma adultocéntrico de control e injusticia epistémica basales. En este ensayo se analiza y discute algunas de las consecuencias negativas observadas en este país con relación al cuidado y el confinamiento de menores y sus familias, acaecidas a raíz de la pandemia, considerando que la crisis desencadenada por la COVID-19 puede ser una oportunidad para visibilizar situaciones de injusticia ancestral para con la niñez.
Improvement of Shear Strength of Zeolite-Bentonite Liner Material under High Temperatures with Tincal and Pumice
Authors: ALPAYDİN S. Gizem , GÜNERİ Esra , YUKSELEN AKSOY Yeliz
Published: April 2021

Thermal changes (high temperature and thermal cycles) occur around energy structures, such as energy piles, nuclear waste repositories, etc. Sometimes these temperature changes affect the engineering properties of surrounding soils undesirably. Hence, there is a need for durable soils that can maintain their engineering properties unchanged under high temperature and thermal cycles for a long time. Tincal and pumice are used in the production of temperature-resistant and heat-insulated materials. Therefore, in the present study, 10% and 20% tincal and pumice additives were added to zeolite-bentonite mixtures and shear strength behavior of the mixtures was investigated under room and high temperatures (80°C). According to the results, the maximum shear stress values of zeolite- bentonite mixtures generally increased in the presence of tincal and pumice additives under high temperature. Both additives are effective for improvement, however; the effect of pumice can be more pronounced.
Tecnología móvil en el aprendizaje universitario
Authors: Tejada Campos Jorge Nelson , Barrutia Barreto Israel
Published: April 2021

En la última década han surgido un número significativo de iniciativas que apuntan a utilizar tecnologías y aplicaciones móviles con fines educativos, sin embargo, la implementación no ha sido totalmente efectiva debido a diversas dificultades. En este trabajo se exploraron las actitudes de los alumnos y docentes hacia el uso del aprendizaje móvil en instituciones de educación superior. Se tomaron muestras de estudiantes y docentes de cinco universidades de Cajamarca en Perú a los cuales se les aplicaron encuestas que fueron validadas por expertos y la confiabilidad fue evaluada mediante alfa de Cronbach. Se evaluó si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las actitudes de los estudiantes con relación a la edad, sexo, especialidad y tipo de móvil usado. Asimismo, se evaluó si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las actitudes de los docentes con relación a la edad, sexo, experiencia universitaria, nivel académico y tipo de móvil usado. Se realizaron pruebas de t de Student y un análisis de varianza unidireccional (ANOVA) por cada indicador considerado. Los resultados revelaron que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las actitudes de los estudiantes con respecto al tipo de dispositivo móvil. La aparición de las tecnologías de aprendizaje móvil tuvo un impacto significativo en la tecnología educativa.
Management of Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita in Banana (Cv. Robusta) through Biocontrol Agents and Neem Cake
Authors: Saravanan P. , Ilavarasan N. , Karthikeyan A. , Padmanaban B.
Published: April 2021

A pot culture experiment was performed to study the effect of native promising biocontrol agents and neem cake separately and in combination against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting banana cv. Robusta during 2016-2017. Treatments treated with bioagents and neem cake enhanced plant growth and root characters and suppressed root gall development in banana plant as compared to nematode alone and untreated control treatments. Among the various treatments, the combined application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/plant + Trichoderma viride @ 10 gm/plant + neem cake @ 100 gm/plant resulted in maximum increase of plant height (38.8 cm), number of leaves (7), pseudostem girth (15 cm), root length (25.6 cm), highest number of healthy roots (17.0), poor number of infected roots (3.3), lowest root gall index (1 scale) and significantly reduced root-knot nematode population both soil (55.0 nos) and roots (90.0 nos). The application of single bioagent either P.fluorescens @ 10 gm/plant or T.viride @ 10 gm/plant along with neem cake were also recorded highest plant growth parameters and poor nematode infestation when compared to nematode alone treated control plant.
Effect of Regiosacralis Counterpressure Treatment on the Pain and Interleukin-6 Levels Among Primigravid Mothers During the First Stage Labor
Authors: Rejeki Sri , Hartiti Tri , Machmudah Machmudah , Solichan Ahmad , Samiasih Amin , Soesanto Edy , Yanto Arief
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Severe pain experienced by mother during the labor can cause fear and anxiety which can interfere with the overall labor process. Controlling pain during the labor process is important. Regiosacralis counterpressure pain management without altering the interleukin-6 (IL-6) level is expected to reduce the pain.

OBJECTIVE

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of regiosacralis counterpressure on the pain and IL-6 levels during the first stage of labor among primigravid mothers.

METHOD

A quasiexperiment method with pretest–posttest control group design was applied. Regiosacralis counter-pressure pain management was applied to all study participants who non-randomly recruited by consecutive sampling methods. A total of 52 primigravid mothers were selected and divided into both the intervention group (n = 26) and the control group (n = 26).

RESULT

The statistical analysis of the intervention on the pain and IL-6 level revealed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest in the intervention group (p < .001; M pretest pain = 8.96 ± .528; M posttest pain = 6.96 ± .774; M pretest IL-6 = 175.539 ± 92.281; M posttest IL-6 = 170,764 ± 70,026).

CONCLUSION

Regiosacralis counterpressure treatment is effective in controlling and reducing the pain level during the first stage labor.
A Methodological Review of Quality of Life Scales Used in Schizophrenia
Authors: Park Tanya , Hirani Saima
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose

Evidence is lacking with regard to the most suitable instrument for measuring quality of life (QOL) in patients with schizophrenia. The researchers carried out a methodological review of literature pertaining to scales used to measure QOL in this population.

Methods

Twenty-eight studies, assessing nine different QOL scales, were reviewed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist.

Results

While the content of most scales proved valid, the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile (LQOLP), Self-Report Quality of Life Scale (SQOL), and Quality of Life in Schizophrenia (QLiS) outscored the other scales in almost every other domain measured by COSMIN.

Conclusion

LQOLP and SQOL stand out among QOL scales for patients with schizophrenia, but further evidence is required to verify this finding, and no one scale appears ideal for all patients with schizophrenia.
Psychometric Testing of the Czech Version of the Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients Questionnaire
Authors: Machálková Lenka , Reiterová Eva
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose

The quantitative study focuses on the psychometric properties of the Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients (REAP) tool for assessing dietary habits. The aim of the study was to validate REAP and its factor structure, reliability, and validity. REAP was used for the first in patients with hypertension.

Methods

Language validation of REAP measurements into Czech language, test, retest, and pilot testing were performed. In addition, 420 patients were investigated, and exploratory confirmation factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha and Split-half coefficients were used.

Results

Five models with different number of items and identified factors were created. Reliability coefficients are satisfactory. The best results were achieved through the model created for a group of patients with hypertension. There were five factors extracted and described in words: Factor F1 was named “Meat consumption,” factor F2 “Inappropriate food and activities for with hypertension (WH) patients,” factor F3 “Consumption of dairy and fatty foods, “factor F4 “Consumption of sweet foods,” and factor F5 “Appropriate food and activities for WH patients.”

Conclusion

The REAP questionnaire is a suitable tool for clinical practice use when assessing dietary habits in patients with hypertension.
Validation of the ICU Mobility Scale for Nursing Use: Portuguese Multicentric Observational Study
Authors: Mendes Roberto Miguel Gonçalves , Nunes Manuel Lourenço , Sousa Miguel Castelo-Branco Craveiro , Gonçalves Ricardo Bruno Rodrigues , Fernandes Pascoal Nogueira , Gomes Alexandre José Oliveira
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose

Mobilization of critical patients should be precocious and the inclusion of nursing in this task can be decisive in paradigm shift. The purpose of this study was to validate the Portuguese version of the intensive care unit Mobility Scale for nursing use.

Methods

Prospective multicenter observational study. Patients' mobility was evaluated by rehabilitation nurses in order to determine interobserver agreement. The validation criteria was tested by determining the correlation between the evaluation results of mobility, strength, and functionality levels at discharge.

Results

Good interobserver agreement (R = 0.98; K = 0.76). Positive correlation with muscle strength (R = 0.77) and functionality (R = 0.85) levels at discharge.

Conclusions

Based on the correlations observed the scale is a valid instrument for nurses and could be a useful tool for routine use. More research is recommended to make the results more robust.
Validation of the Muscle Tightness Measurement Tool
Authors: Bhimani Rozina , Gaugler Joseph E. , Felts Jill , Mathiason Michelle A.
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose

For nurses, muscle tightness is an important aspect of patient care, but no bedside tool is available that allows them to measure it. Therefore, a standardized tool that measures muscle tightness is needed. The purpose of this study was to validate a tool to measure muscle tightness.

Methods

Using Delphi technique and quantitative design, the tool was validated in two phases. The phase 1 included 20 expert clinicians who established content validity with Lawshe's rating. In phase 2, divergent validity was established by administering the tool to one group that had muscle tightness (n = 26) and one group that did not (n = 20).

Results

Findings indicate that the muscle tightness measurement tool has content and divergent validity.

Conclusions

Further tool refinement with validity and reliability studies are recommended for clinical practice.
The Psychometric Properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory Hostility and Anxiety Subscales in a Prison Population
Authors: Vitori Tracey K. , Frazier Susan , Chung Misook L. , Mudd-Martin Gia , Moser Debra K.
Published: April 2021

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) hostility and anxiety subscales in prison inmates.

Methods

Reliability and construct validity of the BSI hostility and anxiety subscales were examined using Cronbach's alphas, factor analysis, and hypothesis testing.

Results

Of the 373 male inmates, 63% were White with a mean age of 36 years. Cronbach's alphas for hostility and anxiety were 0.83 and 0.81, supporting internal consistency. Factor analysis demonstrated two dimensions, hostility and anxiety. Supporting construct validity, inmates with higher hostility as well as those with higher anxiety had a greater number of mentally unhealthy days and lower perceived control.

Conclusion

The BSI hostility and anxiety subscales are reliable and valid for use in prison inmates.
Reliability and Validity Testing of the Quantified Quality of Interaction Scale (QuIS)
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Galik Elizabeth , Paudel Anju , McPherson Rachel , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Boltz Marie , Ellis Jeanette , Eshraghi Karen , Behrens Liza , Zhu Shijun , Breman Rachel Blankstein
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Quality of Interaction Survey (QuIS) using a quantification scoring approach.

Methods

Baseline data from the Evidence Integration Triangle for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (EIT-4-BPSD) study was used.

Results

A total of 553 residents participated. There was evidence of inter-rater reliability with Kappa scores of .86 to 1.00 and internal consistency based on the Rasch analysis (item reliability of .98). There was some support for validity based on item fit and hypothesis testing as resistiveness to care was significantly associated with total QuIS scores.

Conclusion

This study supports the use of the quantified QuIS to evaluate the quality of interactions over time and to test interventions to improve interactions.