bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Poultry
Authors: Barad DB , Purohit J H , Javia B B , Savsani H H , Mathapati B S , Ghodasara S N , Kalariya V A , Patel J S
Published: March 2020

The present study was undertaken with the objective of phenotypic and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum betalactamase
(ESBL) producing E. coli isolates from poultry. A total of 300 cloacal swabs were collected, i.e., 200 from layer birds and
100 from broiler birds from three different farms in and around Junagadh district of Gujarat state. Out of 300 samples, 126 (42.00%)
samples yielded E. coli. These isolates belonged to layer 85 (42.50%) and broiler 41 (41.00%) birds. Out of 126 isolates, 27 (21.43%) were
confirmed as ESBL producers, i.e., 19 (22.35%) and 8 (19.51%) from layer and broiler birds, respectively, by initial screening of isolates
for their susceptibility to any of the third and fourth generation cephalosporins or monobactam antibiotics by disc diffusion method
and further confirmation by combination disc method using ESBL identification kits. Out of 27 phenotypically confirmed ESBL E. coli
isolates blaTEM was detected in 21 (77.78%) and blaAmpC was detected in 15 (55.56%) isolates, while all the 27 isolates were found
negative for the presence of blaSHV and blaCTXM genes. All the 27 isolates were found positive for either blaTEM or blaAmpC gene.
Nine (33.33%) out of 27 isolates were found positive for both blaTEM and blaAmpC genes. The findings warrant the need for more strict
regulations for usage of antibiotics in veterinary practices in order to prevent the emergence and dissemination of multidrug resistant
E. coli pathogens among birds, animals, and humans.
Serum Lipid Profile in Sheep Fed Diet Incorporated with Feed Additives
Authors: Beigh Yasir A , Ganai Abdul M , Muzamil Showkeen , Mir Danish M , Ahmad Haidar A , Mir Shahid H  H
Published: March 2020

feeding trial to study the supplementation effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) cocktail and wormwood herb on serum lipid
profile was conducted for 90 days in twenty crossbred lambs that were divided into four equal groups viz. T0 (Control) and T1, T2 and T3
(treatment groups). T0 received total mixed diet (TMR) without any supplementation, while in treatments groups TMR was supplemented
either with EFE cocktail alone @ 0.60% (T1) or wormwood herb alone @ 4.50% (T2) and in a combination of the two feed additives (T3).
At the end of the feeding trial, 6 days of digestibility trial was carried out to assess the supplementation effect in vivo on nutritional
parameters and serum total lipids and different lipoprotein fractions were carried out at the start (0 d) and subsequently at monthly
intervals of the experiment (30, 60 and 90 d). Nutrient digestibility, content as well intake were significantly higher in groups fed diets
supplemented with the feed additives either alone (p less than 0.05) or in-combination (p less than 0.01). No significant effect was observed on the total
cholesterol level at any point of evaluation, and on total triglycerides level-up to 30 d, but significant reduction was noted in T2 at 60 (p
less than 0.05) and 90 (p less than 0.01) days as compared to T1. Significant (p less than 0.01) effect on HDL level was evident as elevated in T2 while reduced in
T1 at day 60 and 90. In contrast, LDL values were reduced in T2 and elevated in T1 group at day 30 (p less than 0.05), 60 and 90 (p less than 0.01). VLDL
levels did not change among the groups up to 30 d, whereas reduced at day 60 (p less than 0.05) and 90 (p less than 0.01) in T2 as compared to T1. Lowest
(p less than 0.01) AI value was observed in the T2 group at day 90 compared to other groups. It was concluded that dietary incorporation of
wormwood herb as a feed additive for sheep improved nutritional status along with health beneficial effects when supplemented alone.
Effect of Chelated Mineral Mixture on Blood Biochemistry, Hormone and Mineral Status in Repeat Breeder Buffaloes in
Tribal Areas of Dahod District in Gujarat, India
Authors: Joshi P M , Patel D , Patel P D
Published: March 2020

An on-farm trial for 90 days was conducted at four tribal villages to assess the effect of chelated mineral mixture (CMM) supplementation on blood biochemistry as well as hormonal and mineral status, nutrient intake and reproductive performance of the repeat breeder
buffaloes (n = 24). The animals selected were randomly divided into two groups of 12 animals each. The group T1 was control group
(farmer’s feeding schedule), and T2 treatment group (T1 + CMM @ 50 g/animal/day). Blood collection was done at 0, 45 and 90 days of
the experiment from both the groups for assessment of blood biochemical, hormonal and mineral status of the animals. Average DM,
DCP and TDN intake in repeat breeder buffaloes calculated as per information collected from farmers were statistically similar among
both the groups and were as per ICAR requirements of animals. Results revealed significant (p less than 0.05) improvement in hemoglobin,
serum glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, progesterone, and macro (Ca, P)–micro (Zn, Fe, Cu, Co, Mn) mineral status of chelated
mineral supplemented group as compared to control animals. The number of days taken for a successful conception in repeat breeder
buffaloes as well as the cost of feeding was also reduced upon supplementation of CMM in T2 as compared to T1 group. The control
group recorded a 22.12% higher cost of rearing than the treatment group during the experimental period. The findings revealed the
beneficial role of cheated minerals supplementation in improving health, nutritional and reproductive status of repeat breeding buffaloes.
Influence of Ageing and Regional Differences on Draught Performance of Umblachery Cattle
Authors: Kousalya Devi M , Karthickeyan S.M K , Venkataramanan R , Sivaselvam S N , Tirumurugaan K G
Published: March 2020

An attempt was made to assess the effects of aging, regional differences, and draught load applied on draught potential of Umblachery cattle, an important draught breed of South India. Age had a highly significant effect (p less than 0.01) on all morphometric traits, stride length, and significant effect (p less than 0.05) on pulse rate after work. The middle age group (5.0 to 7.5 years) with more substantial stride length was identified as the critical productive age group for draught ability. Regional differences had a highly significant (p less than 0.01) influence on stride length, horsepower, and a significant effect (p less than 0.05) on pulse rate after work. The optimum draught load with which Umblachery breed could give uniform and maximum power output was found to be around 75 to 78 kg.
Bacterial Isolates from the Genital Aspirates of Cyclic, Acyclic, Endometritic and Pregnant Buffaloes
Authors: Patel Binal R. , Panchal MT , Dhami AJ , Mathakiya RA , Bhanderi BB
Published: March 2020

The study was carried out on 50 vaginal secretions/aspirates/discharge samples collected aseptically using syringe and pipette method from infertile (anestrus; endometritic, n = 6 each) buffaloes of villages nearby Anand and healthy cyclic (n = 5; proestus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus) as well as 3, 6 and 9 month pregnant (n = 6 each) buffaloes of University farm to identify the vaginal microorganisms based on routine cultural examination. In all 117 bacterial isolates were recovered from all 50 vaginal samples (100 %) of 35 buffaloes during different physio-pathological status. The bacteria isolated from vaginal mucus/aspirates of buffaloes during the follicular phase comprised Corynebacterium spp. as the most predominant isolate (28.57%) followed by E. coli, Bacillus Spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., and vaginal yeast, whereas during the luteal phase, the most predominant bacteria were E. coli (23.33%) followed by Corynebacterium spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp. In acyclic buffaloes, the most predominant bacteria isolated were Corynebacterium spp. (21.43%) Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli and Salmonella spp., whereas the endometritic buffaloes evinced the most predominant bacterial isolates as Corynebacterium spp. and E. coli (20.00% each) followed by Bacillus spp., Salmonella, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp. The major bacteria isolated during the entire period of pregnancy were E. coli, Micrococcus, Corynbacterium Spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Proteus. This study concludes rich bacterial diversity in the vagina of buffaloes during different physio-pathological status.
Study on Housing Practices Followed by Dairy Animal Owners in Anand District of Middle Gujarat Region
Authors: Patel P A , Patel Y G , Modi R J , Trivedi M M
Published: March 2020

The present investigation was carried out to study dairy animal housing practices followed by dairy animal owners in the Anand district of middle Gujarat region. The data were collected from randomly selected 120 dairy animal owners interviewed personally with a well-prepared questionnaire. The study revealed that all the respondents provided housing shelter with the all-time placement of their animals in the house. Majority of respondents (74.17%) constructed animal sheds nearby their own house followed by 25.83% were at a distance from farmer's house. It was found that 64.17% of animal houses were oriented in east-west while 35.83% respondents had houses in a north-south orientation. The respondents provided pucca floor (63.33%) and galvanized iron sheets as a roofing material (49.17%) in their animal sheds, whereas 34.17% farmers had no provision of the wall in their animal sheds. The vast majority of respondents (85.00%) had the provision of good ventilation in their animal sheds and 72.50 % of the respondents had the provision of artificial light in their animal houses. Majority of dairy animal owners (72.50%) kept distance between manure pits and their animal sheds and 66.67 % respondents had provision and practice to protect animals from extreme weather. About 1/5th respondents used a curtain to reduce cold and very few owners (5.00%) provided bedding material to their animals. It was concluded that dairy animal owners of Anand district possess better knowledge regarding animal housing management and follow different practices of scientific animal husbandry.
Antimicrobial Study of Clinical Mastitic Milk Samples of Cows in and Around Bikaner
Authors: Morwal Sandhya , Singh AP , Sharma SK , Goklaney Deepika
Published: March 2020

Mastitis, an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland, is one of the most economically important diseases of dairy herds. This disease is more prevalent in high yielding dairy cattle. It is caused due to colonization of pathogenic bacteria causing series of events that lead to major alteration in the mammary tissues and composition of milk secreted from the tissue cells (Batavani et al., 2007; Goel et al., 2008). Clinical mastitis is recognized by abnormal milk, varying degree of mammary gland inflammation (redness, heat, swelling and pain) with or without illness of the cow. Mastitis in dairy animals leads to heavy economic losses due to reduction in milk production, altered composition, and cost of treatment of affected animals. The clinical mastitis in different cases can be identified by external symptoms such as udder swelling, touch, pain, redness and hardness of the udder. The objective of the present study was to assess the sensitivity of bacterial isolates from mastitic milk samples of cows to some selected antibiotics.
Successful Surgical Management of Sebaceous Gland Tumours in Dogs
Authors: Parmar J. J. , Shah AI , Rao Neha , Godasara DJ , Patel DM
Published: March 2020

Tumors of the skin and subcutaneous tissues are most common in Veterinary practice and account for approximately one-third of all the tumors in dogs (Chikweto et al., 2011). Sebaceous hyperplasia is a most common tumor of the sebaceous gland that occurs in the old age, anywhere on the body as wart-like or cauliflower-like and can become ulcerated because of trauma, while sebaceous epithelioma occurs primarily on the head as a solitary lesion but generalized cases have been reported. The treatment of choice is surgical excision (Max’s House, 2005). This paper presents case studies of sebaceous gland tumors in two dogs.
Retained Fetal Membranes in a Marwadi Mare: A Case Report
Authors: Suthar V. S. , Kapadiya FM , Patel SC
Published: March 2020

Placenta has been defined as “An apposition between maternal and fetal tissue to establish physiological exchange” (Mossman, 1937). The review of the literature indicates that membranes should be considered as retained if they are not delivered within three hours of parturition, although there is no particular scientific basis to this time frame in mares. The etiology of this problem varies from abortion, dystocia, prolonged gestation, cesarean section, fetotomy, hydropsy, induced delivery to many other plausible factors (Provencher et al., 1988; Frazer, 2003; Parmar et al., 2018). A retained fetal membrane (RFM) is the most common postpartum problem in draft mares (Cuervo-Arango and Newcombe, 2009; Dinuka et al., 2018); however, the reported incidence of RFM in Marwadi mares is rare, and recently it was published in a Kathiawadi mare (Patel et al., 2018). It is well documented that RFM is a medical emergency as far as risks of metritis, laminitis, fertility are concerned. In extreme cases, it also leads to death. Therefore, different treatment regimens such as oxytocin, antimicrobial therapy, uterine lavage, Burne’s technique, etc. were developed by practitioners and practiced globally to solve the issue (Provencher et al., 1988; Coutinho da Silva, 2016).
Effect of High Plane of Nutrition on Blood Biochemical Profile and Onset of Puberty in Prepubertal HF X Kankrej Crossbred Heifers
Authors: Hadiya K K , Dhami A J , Chaudhari D V , Lunagariya P M
Published: March 2020

This study was initiated on 24 prepubertal Holstein x Kankrej crossbred heifers of nearly identical age (7-9 months) and body weight (130-140 kg) at University farm to evaluate the effect of high plane of nutrition on blood biochemical and minerals profile and the age at puberty. Twelve heifers were managed under routine farm feeding (control) and the rest 12 under ideal optimum feeding regime (treatment) that included extra 1 kg concentrate, 30 g min mix and ad-lib dry fodder. The body weight and ovarian ultrasonography together with blood sampling was carried out at monthly interval from 10 to 18 months of age to study the ovarian dynamics and blood biochemical changes. High plane of nutrition to growing heifers was beneficial in reducing the age of onset of puberty (by 2-3 months) compared to routine farm fed group. The mean plasma total protein and cholesterol concentrations showed a rising trend with significant variations from 10 to 16 months of age, where it got mostly stabilized indicating adult profile. The activity of enzymes GOT and GPT also rose gradually and significantly from 10 months till 14-15 months of age, and thereafter it remained more or less static till 18 months of age. The levels of both these enzymes were higher, with lower protein and cholesterol, in control than the treatment group from 15-16 months of age onwards. The mean plasma levels of both calcium and phosphorus increased gradually and significantly with advancing age till 16-17 months of age, with little higher values in supplemented than a control group. The plasma levels of zinc, iron, copper, and cobalt also showed rising trend with significant differences between 10th and 12th-14th months of age, and from 15th to 18th months of age the levels were statistically the same in all the groups with slightly higher values in the treatment group.
Molecular Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Directly from the Nasal Swabs and Lung Tissue of Sheep and Goats
Authors: Thakur Sunaina , Verma Subhash , Dhar Prasenjit , Sharma Mandeep
Published: March 2020

Respiratory infections of sheep and goats cause heavy morbidity and mortality, leading to huge economic losses. Conventional methods of diagnosis that include isolation and identification of incriminating microbes are time-consuming and fraught with logistic challenges. Direct detection of incriminating microbes using molecular tools is gaining popularity in clinical, microbiological settings. In this study, a total of 50 samples (44 nasal swabs and 6 lung tissues) from sheep and goats were screened for the detection of different bacterial species by in vitro amplification of genus or species-specific genes. Histophilus somni was detected in 2% goat samples, Trueperella pyogenes in 20% goat nasal swabs, whereas 22% goat nasal swab samples were found positive for Mycoplasma spp. None of the samples from sheep was detected positive for H. somni, T. pyogenes, Mycoplasma spp. Similarly, all samples, irrespective, whether from sheep or goats, showed negative results for Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.
Assessment of Pomegranate Juice as Antioxidant in Extender on Cauda Epididymis Spermatozoal Quality of Buck at Refrigerated Temperature
Authors: Amarjeet Amarjeet , Khasatiya C T , Chaudhary L
Published: March 2020

The present investigation was carried out to study the refrigeration preservation of the cauda epididymal retrieved spermatozoa of buck in Tris egg yolk citrate (TEYC) dilutor containing pomegranate juice as antioxidant additive. The retrieved cauda epididymal spermatozoa extended in TEYC dilutor were studied in five groups by adding different concentration of pomegranate juice as additive (0% as control T1 group and 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% as treatment T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups, respectively) and storing at refrigerated temperature up to 48 hr. The results showed that the control extender had the least dead, abnormal and HOS non-reacted sperm percent among all treatments tested and that with increasing the pomegranate juice concentration in dilutor, the percentage of the dead, abnormal and HOST non-reacted spermatozoa increased significantly. The same trend was observed at all 12 hourly storage intervals indicating its detrimental effect on epididymal sperms of bucks at refrigeration temperature. The dead, abnormal, and HOST non-reacted sperm were significantly and positively interrelated with each other (r = 0.53-0.83). It was concluded that the inclusion of pomegranate juice in TEYC dilutor did not show any beneficial/antioxidant effect on epididymal sperms of buck in fresh or refrigerated semen and in fact all the levels of pomegranate juice (5% to 20%) were detrimental to cauda epididymal spermatozoa of a buck.
Influence of Antioxidant Sericin in Tris Extender on Oxidative Markers during Cryopreservation (–196ºC) of Bovine Semen
Authors: Patel Tapasvi M , Dhami A J , Chaudhari D V , Pathan M M
Published: March 2020

This investigation was carried out during winter season on the semen of three mature, healthy breeding bulls each of Gir cattle and Murrah buffalo breeds. The aim was to assess the effect of different concentration of antioxidant Sericin (0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0%, w/v) in standard Tris fructose egg yolk glycerol (TFYG) extender on cryopreservability of bovine semen based on sperm motility and oxidative markers in seminal plasma of freshly diluted and cryopreserved semen. The mean sperm motility observed in freshly diluted and frozen-thawed Gir bull semen, irrespective of Sericin levels, were 76.93±0.39 and 43.47 ± 0.58 % and in Murrah bulls 78.20±0.38 and 44.10 ± 0.48 %, respectively. The values of malondialdehyde (MDA, μmol/ml) in seminal plasma of freshly diluted and frozen-thawed semen of Gir bulls, irrespective of Sericin levels, were 21.68±0.38 and 24.99 ± 0.56, and in Murrah bulls 21.49±0.57 and 25.60±0.94, respectively. The corresponding values of superoxide dismutase (SOD, U/ml) were 1.77 ± 0.06 and 1.37 ± 0.05 in Gir and 1.18 ± 0.06 and 0.85 ± 0.04 in Murrah bulls, and those of glutathione peroxidase (GPx, nmol/min/ml) 417.10 ± 12.00 and 349.76 ±11.92 in Gir and 385.71±9.21 and 320.02±9.49 in Murrah bull semen. Sperm motility and activities of all three enzymes differed highly significantly (plessthan00.01) between stages. SOD was significantly (plessthan00.05) lower in buffalo than cattle semen. Inclusion of 0.5% and/or 0.25% Sericin in TFYG extender gave better protection to spermatozoa over other levels against ROS mediated injuries as the MDA production was significantly reduced with increased sperm motility and higher levels of SOD and GPx enzymes in the seminal plasma.
A Decade of Working with the Working Crowd
Authors: Burrough Xtine
Published: March 2020

In this contribution to the Media-N special issue, “Humans Are Underrated: Art & Labor in the Amazon Economy,” I narrate creative projects that disrupt or interfere with the Mechanical Turk platform. My place as an artist and employer in the elastic workforce since 2008 has given me a close and nuanced view of life online in the virtual workplace. The jobs I have created on the platform ask workers to perform athletic events, create videos, meditate, and talk back to Jeff Bezos. The materials I collect from the workers are integrated into art works that amplify the visibility of the workers and their unique voices. This article shows how those “underrated” humans in the Amazon economy are creative, thoughtful, and intelligent.
On "Amazonia"
Authors: Beebe Roger
Published: March 2020

This essay grows out of Amazonia, a 2019 short “desktop cinema” essay film about the cities where Amazon.com had their four original distribution centers. The film uses those cities as a way of thinking about how the virtual economy is transforming real space. Using the film as a starting point, the essay focuses on the specific forms of labor necessitated by e-commerce, exploring most specifically the labor of the “warehouse associates” who perform the manual labor necessary to produce the apparent magic of online purchases. The essay ends with a consideration of the persistence of older forms of physical labor despite the push to automate some parts of these jobs.
Regarding Artists Regarding Labor
Authors: Torok Ana
Published: March 2020

In the wake of the Occupy movement and broader discussions concerning the state of the global working class, a number of contemporary artists have demonstrated a renewed interest in exploring the politics of labor through the form, content, and distribution of their work. The case studies taken up here reveal and interrogate forms of human labor embedded within or affected by digital technology. By featuring the artists engaged in transactional relationships or performing the role of capitalist, these predominantly video-based artworks act as concrete reflections of a capitalist economic system. Foregrounding the system’s problematics through reenactment, these artworks tacitly implicate their creator as well as their viewer within a complex web of social relations. This article examines the shape and significance of artistic labor across these case studies and asks whether the very allowance for this form of recent cultural production might itself hold emancipatory potential.
"Shitty Automation": Art, Artificial Intelligence, Humans in the Loop
Authors: Paulsen Kris
Published: March 2020

This essay adapts the concept of “shitty automation,” developed by Brian Merchant to name frustrating experiences with automated systems, to describe how human input—our labor, bodies, biases, prejudices, and desires—remains invisibly present in automated systems. Tracing a lineage of automation from Jacques de Vaucanson’s Canard Digérateur (1739) and Wolfgang von Kempelen’s mechanical Turk (1770) to contemporary artist Trevor Paglen, who uses Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to create artworks, this essay considers how humans “stay in the loop” in automation and what “shitty automation” reveals about human culture, our desires, and the evolution of AI.
Humans are Underrated: Art and Labor after Amazon
Authors: Gosse Johanna
Published: March 2020

Editor's introduction to this special issue of Media-N.
F KLAVYE İÇİN METİN ANALİZİ TABANLI KELİME TAMAMLAMA SİSTEMİ
Authors: Karabulut Bergen , Ünver Halil Murat
Published: March 2020

Kelime tamamlama, kullanıcının basması gereken tuş sayısını azaltmayı hedefleyen bir yardımcı teknoloji aracıdır. İlk çalışmalarda, genellikle bir alternatif ve destekleyici iletişim aracı olarak ele alınmıştır. Fakat son dönemlerde kelime tamamlama sistemleri; mobil cihazlar, makine çevirisi ve arama motorları gibi farklı alanlarda da önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Standart Türkçe Klavye olan F klavye için metin analizi tabanlı bir kelime tamamlama sistemi geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen sistemi test etmek için zabıt kâtiplerinin yoğun klavye kullanımından dolayı Adalet Bakanlığı tarafından yapılan zabıt kâtipliği sınavlarına ait 160 metin kullanılmıştır. Bu metinlerdeki kelimelerin unigram ve bigram frekansları çıkarılmış ve bir veritabanında tutulmuştur. Sistem, bu veritabanını kullanarak yazma işlemi esnasında kullanıcıya 8 adet alternatif kelimeden oluşan bir tahmin listesi sunmaktadır. Tanımlanan tuş kombinasyonları yardımıyla kullanıcı tahmin listesinden bir kelime seçebilmekte ve seçilen kelime sistem tarafından otomatik olarak tamamlanmaktadır. Geliştirilen sistemin performansı tuşlama tasarrufu açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm metinler arasından rastgele seçilen 15 metin ile yapılan test işleminde ortalama %50,98 tuşlama tasarrufu sağlanmıştır.
SICAKLIK KONTROLLÜ MİKRODALGA KURUTUCU GELİŞTİRİLMESİ VE PORTAKAL KURUTMA PERFORMANSININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: POLATCI Hakan , TAŞOVA Muhammed
Published: March 2020

Ülkemizde portakal üretimi yılda ortalama iki milyon ton ile turunçgil meyveleri içerisinde birinci sırada yer alırken daha çok yaş ve meyve suyu olarak tüketilmektedir. Bu çalışmada imal edilen sıcaklık kontrollü mikrodalga kurutucu ile 55 (±2), 65 (±3) ve 75 (±4) °C kurutma sıcaklıklarında kurutulan portakal dilimlerinin kuruma performans değerleri, en uygun ince tabakalı kuruma modeli ve kalite değeri açısından en uygun renk değerleri belirlenmiştir. Kurutma işlemleri ürün nemi yaş baza göre % 10-13 seviyelerine düşene kadar kurutulmuştur. 55, 65 ve 75 °C kurutma sıcaklıklarında belirlenen ortalama kuruma süreleri sırasıyla; 390, 150 ve 65 dakika olarak belirlenmiştir. Üründen birim zamanda uzaklaşan nem oranları ince tabakalı kurutma modellerinde işlenerek kuruma eğrilerini en iyi tahmin eden matematiksel model belirlenmiştir. Eğriler oluşturulurken literatürde en yaygın olarak kullanılan Page, Midilli-küçük, Yağcıoğlu ve Jane-Das modelleri seçilmiştir. Kullanılan tüm modellerin kabul edilebilir güvenilirlik değerleri p <0,05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm kuruma modelleri içerisinde en yüksek kararlılık katsayısı olan R2 değeri Midilli-Küçük modelinde olduğu için bu model kuruma eğrilerini en iyi tahmin eden ince tabakalı kuruma modeli olarak belirlenmiştir. Son kalite değeri açısından en uygun renk değerleri 65 °C kurutma sıcaklığında belirlenmiştir. Bu kurutma sıcaklığında belirlenen renk değerleri; kroma (C): 15.47, kırmızlaşma indeksi: 1.97, hue°: 62.16, toplam renk değişim değeri: 27.02 ve kahverengileşme indeksi: 56.54 olarak belirlenmiştir.
İKİZ MERDANE YÖNTEMİ İLE 1XXX SERİSİ ALÜMİNYUM LEVHA ÜRETİMİNDEKİ PROSES PARAMETRELERİNİN ÖZELLİKLER ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: AYDIN Hediye , GÖREN Remzi , CENGİZ N. Merve
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada ikiz merdaneli sürekli döküm tekniği ile üretilen 1xxx alaşımlarının alüminyum levha üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. 1xxx alaşımları ile üretilen alüminyum levhaların günümüz teknolojisinde üretimdeki proses parametreleri ve söz konusu parametrelerin nihai ürünlerin mekanik özellikleri ve elektriksel iletkenliği üzerinde etkilerinin neler olduğu araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada 1050 alaşımlı levha üretimi için 1310 mm genişliğinde, 5.50 mm kalınlığında sürekli döküm yöntemi tekniği kullanılarak levha üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Döküm denemeleri TS EN 573-3 standardına göre yapılmıştır. Mekanik özelliklerin tespiti Zwick Z050 markalı çekme test cihazı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Döküm içerisindeki alaşım elementlerinin (Si, Mn ve Ti) elektriksel iletkenliğe etkilerinin yanında soğuk haddeleme sonrasında, nihai tav denemeleri uygulanarak iletkenlikleri ölçülmüştür.
EŞ KANALLI AÇISAL PRESLEME (EKAP) UYGULANAN GEMİ İNŞA ÇELİĞİNİN İÇYAPI VE MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: SEKBAN Dursun Murat
Published: March 2020

Yüksek mukavemetli çeliklerin düşük kaynak edilebilirlik ve şekillendirilebilmeleri nedeniyle, gemilerde yüksek dayanım istenen kısımlarda düşük-orta mukavemetli çelikler kalınlıkları arttırılarak kullanılmaktadır. Daha kalın sacların kullanılması beraberinde ağırlığın ve yakıt tüketiminin önemli ölçüde artmasını getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda düşük-orta mukavemetli gemi imalat çeliklerinin aşırı plastik deformasyon yöntemleri veya ısıl işlemler uygulanarak dayanımlarının geliştirilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Aşırı plastik deformasyon (APD) yöntemleri ile malzemenin kimyasal bileşiminde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadan tane boyutunu küçülterek malzemenin mukavemetini arttırmak son dönemlerde sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. APD yöntemleri arasında eş kanallı açısal presleme (EKAP) yöntemi yüksek oranda tane inceltme ve mukavemet arttırma özelliği bakımından öne çıkmaktadır. Literatür incelendiğinde EKAP yönteminin herhangi bir gemi inşa çeliğine uygulamasının olmadığı açıkca görülmektedir. Bu yüzden yapılan çalışmada gemi inşaatından yoğun bir kullanıma sahip düşük-orta mukavemetli Grade A gemi inşa çeliğine 300 0C’de tek paso EKAP uygulanmış ve EKAP sonrası çelikteki içyapısal ve mekanik özelliklerinin değişimleri incelenmiştir. İncelemeler sonucunda EKAP sonrası ortalama tane boyutunun 25 μm seviyesinden 7 μm seviyesine indiği ve tane boyutunda meydana gelen bu azalmanın sonucu olarak sertlik ve mukavemet değerlerinin ana yapıya göre önemli oranda arttığı belirlenmiştir. Öte yandan EKAP sonrası numunelere aşınma ve şekil verilebilirlik deneyleri de uygulanmış ve aşınma davranışının bir miktar iyileştiği şekil verilebilirliğin ise EKAP sonrası kötüleştiği belirlenmiştir.
Dietary Intake Nutritional Status and Lifestyle of Adolescent Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Girls in New Zealand (The SuNDiAL Project): Protocol for a Clustered, Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Peddie Meredith , Ranasinghe Chaya , Scott Tessa , Heath Anne-Louise , Horwath Caroline , Gibson Rosalind , Brown Rachel , Houghton Lisa , Haszard Jillian
Published: March 2020

Background

Anecdotally, vegetarian eating patterns seem to be increasing in parallel with growing concerns about environmental sustainability. While this pattern of eating is widely believed to be associated with benefits for the planet and individual health, it may increase the risk of inadequate intakes and nutrient deficiency if not planned carefully. Adolescent girls may be particularly at risk, as they have increased requirements for nutrients such as iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamin B12 during growth and development.

Objective

The objective of the SuNDiAL Project (Survey of Nutrition, Dietary Assessment, and Lifestyles) is to compare the dietary intakes and habits, nutrition status, motivations, attitudes, and physical activity of a sample of vegetarian and nonvegetarian adolescent girls in New Zealand.

Methods

A clustered, cross-sectional, nationwide study of adolescents aged 15-18 years was conducted. Secondary schools were recruited throughout New Zealand, and pupils (n=290) were invited to participate in data collection in either the first (February to April) or third (August to October) school term of 2019 (New Zealand schools operate on a 4-term year). Sociodemographic and health information; vegetarian status; dietary habits; and attitudes, motivations, and beliefs regarding food choices were assessed via an online self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intakes were collected via two 24-hour diet recalls on nonconsecutive days and will be adjusted for within-person variation using the Multiple Source Method, to represent usual intakes. Nutrient adequacy will be assessed by the estimated average requirement cut-point method or probability approach as appropriate. Height and weight were measured, and blood and urine samples collected for micronutrient status assessment. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days to assess 24-hour activity patterns (time spent asleep, sedentary, or engagement in light-intensity or moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity).

Results

Recruitment and data collection were conducted in 2019. Data are currently being cleaned and analyzed, with publication of the main results anticipated at the end of 2020.

Conclusions

The SuNDiAL Project will provide a meaningful and timely description of diet, nutrition status, and motivational factors associated with vegetarianism and identify any risks this pattern of eating may pose for female adolescents. The results of this study will support the development of targeted recommendations and interventions aimed at enhancing the health, growth, and development of adolescent girls.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619000290190; https://tinyurl.com/yaumh278

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/17310
How will notes change?

An Exploratory Study of the Effect of OpenNotes on Oncology Documentation (Preprint)
Authors: Rahimian Maryam , Warner Jeremy L. , Rosenbloom S. Trent , Davis Roger B. , Joyce Robin Marie
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

In 2010, OpenNotes began as a concept for patients to track their medical information through online patient portals. The goal of OpenNotes is to promote patient access to doctor’s visit notes and improve transparency and communication between clinicians and patients.

OBJECTIVE

To determine if implementing OpenNotes at a hematology/oncology practice has changed providers’ documentation style, we assessed the length and readability of clinicians’ notes before and after the OpenNotes adoption at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.

METHODS

We analyzed 143,888 notes from 60 hematology/oncology clinicians from January 1, 2012, to September 1, 2016; before and after the OpenNotes debut at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. We measured the effect of OpenNotes on provider’s documentation styles by analyzing character length, number of addenda, note entry mode (dictated vs typed) and note readability as measured using five different readability formulas before and after the introduction of OpenNotes.

RESULTS

Mean length of progress notes increased from 6174 to 6648 characters after the introduction of OpenNotes (P<0.001). There was also an increase from 1435 to 1597 in mean character length of “Assessment and Plan” section of progress notes (P<0.001). Average Grade Level Readability of progress notes decreased from 11.50 to 11.33 and their overall readability improved (P=0.01). There were no statistically significant changes in the length or readability of “Initial Notes” or Letters, inter-doctor communication, nor in the modality of the recording of any kind of note.

CONCLUSIONS

After the implementation of OpenNotes, progress notes and assessment and plan sections became both longer and easier to read. This suggests that clinician documenters are responding to the pressures of the OpenNotes environment with changes that are positive for patients.
CURCUMIN AND ITS EFFECT ON PREECLAMPSIA: AS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC, AND ANTICOAGULANT
Authors: FADINIE WULAN , LELO AZNAN , WIJAYA DADIK WAHYU , LUMBANRAJA SARMA NURSANI
Published: March 2020

Objective: Based on the Indonesia Health Profile In 2014, almost 30% of maternal deaths at Indonesia in 2010 were caused by hypertension in pregnancy, which one of them was preeclampsia. Many theories said to be the risk factor, such as acute body inflammation. Its clinical symptoms are hypertension, upper abdominal pain, and haemorrhage. Nowadays, many studies have been developed to predict the onset of preeclampsia, one of which is COX-2. This study was the first one to examine the benefits of curcumin in preeclamptic patients around the world.

This study aims to discover whether curcumin affects the level of COX-2, VAS, and anticoagulant factors in preeclamptic patients.

Methods: This is true experimental research with a double-blind randomized design. 50 samples were collected within a period of 7 mo and were divided into 2 groups: Case and Control Group. A total of 3 blood tests were conducted: prior, 90 min, and 12 h after case/treatment.

Results: 4 samples were eliminated during preparation. The total number of samples was 46; 23 in Control Group and 23 in Case Group. In this study, we found clinical changes in the level of COX-2, VAS and anticoagulant factors in patients given 100 mg of curcumin compared to those who were not. In addition, we also found a correlation between clotting time and bleeding time at T2 where both time factors became shorter.

Conclusion: There was a statistically significant decrease in COX-2 level in the Case Group, which led to decreased value of VAS, shorter clotting time and lower thrombocyte count; and, there was a significant correlation found between clotting time and bleeding time at T2 in the preeclamptic patients.
TO ESTIMATE THE INCIDENCE OF POTENTIAL DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION IN STROKE PATIENTS ADMITTED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, TELANGANA
Authors: FIRDOUS SIDRAH , AWAD SAFA AMREEN SALIM , FATIMA AFIFA , AHMED MOHAMMAD FARHAN , ANITHA N. , ALI NILOUFER
Published: March 2020

Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of potential drug-drug interactions in hospitalized stroke patients.

Methods: A retrospective study was carried out among patients treated for ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke at a tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad for a period of 1 y. A total of 177 prescriptions were analyzed during the study period. The potential drug-drug interactions were identified using Clinirex software.

Results: Among the 177 prescriptions, 63.8% were male and 36.2% were female. Out of 177, 79 % of prescriptions had shown potential drug-drug interactions. The patients prescribed with more than 5 drugs developed higher incidence of drug-drug interactions. Based on severity scale we observed 12% major, 71% moderate and 17% minor drug-drug interactions. The incidence of pharmacodynamic interactions was 68% and the pharmacokinetic interactions were 32%.

Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with stroke are frequently exposed to potential drug-drug interactions. The incidence of potential drug-drug interactions was higher in patients above 40 y. Most of the prescriptions contained polypharmacy which may lead to increased risk of hospitalization and higher health care cost. It is essential to identify potential drug-drug interactions especially in elderly patients as early as possible in order to prevent adverse drug reactions and ensure patient’s safety.
PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF ARTOCARPUS HIRSUTUS LAM. FRUIT EXTRACT: A POTENTIAL WILD ENDEMIC PLANT
Authors: P. NEHA C. , K. ABDUSSALAM A.
Published: March 2020

Objective: The present study includes the qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytochemical constituents and HPTLC (High-performance thin layer chromatography) analysis of phenolic acids in the fruit extract of Artocarpus hirsutus.

Methods: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Artocarpus hirsutus methanol fruit extract using standard methods. HPTLC analysis was performed by the CAMAG HPTLC system (Switzerland) for gallic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid determination.

Results: The Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrate and protein. The methanol fruit extract has high carbohydrate content (267±0.02 mg/g FW). And good amount of protein, phenol, flavanoid were also found. The results of mineral studies shows that elements such as potassium (1.601%) and nitrogen (1.4%) were present in higher quantity. The result showed the presence of caffeic acid within peak 7 with an Rf (Retension factor) value 0.49, ferulic acid within peak 8 with an Rf value 0.60, and gallic acid within peak 5 with an Rf value 0.25.

Conclusion: The results indicated that the Artocarpus hirsutus fruit contains an appreciable amount of bioactive compounds.
ANALYSING THE BIOCATALYTIC ASPECT OF AMYLASE FROM PLANT AND MICROBIAL SOURCES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
Authors: NIHARIKA DIGUMARTHY , JAIPURIAR DIPTI SONI , VAISHNAV VIRENDRA
Published: March 2020

Objective: Biocatalysts have a wide role in industries and amylases are one of the best enzymes used in various industries as they stay stable physically and chemically even under environmental or physical stress. Extraction of amylase from plant sources like chickpea and green pea and also the microbial source of Bacillus subtilis.

Methods: Enzymatic activity was determined by enzyme assay and purified through the following steps such as salt precipitation, dialysis, Ion-exchange chromatography and characterized using SDS PAGE.

Results: Enzymatic activity of amylase produced by bacillus subtilis was determined the highest (4600 U/ml) activity and molecular weight 48.9kDa was recorded.

Conclusion: Amylase is a highly important enzyme that breaks down the starch molecules into simple sugars. It has potential in a wide range of industrial processes such as food, fermentation and pharmaceutical industries. All the sources used in this study proves that the bacteria have the highest concentration of enzyme in the form of protein.
COMBINED EFFECT OF SELECTIVE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM PLANT ORIGIN IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF ANXIETY
Authors: B. SATHYA , K. BALAMURUGAN , S. ANBAZHAGAN
Published: March 2020

Objective: Evidence is emerging that specific combinations of bioactive compounds may be far more effective in protecting against several diseases as compared to the effect of a single compound. The present study was aimed to investigate the interactive effect of Diosgenin and Silymarin, the bioactive compounds from plant origin in an animal model of anxiety.

Methods: Albino wistar rats of either sex were divided into five groups and treated for 5 d. Group I and II served as control and standard and test groups were treated with Diosgenin (100 mg/kg, p. o.), Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p. o.) and combination of Diosgenin (50 mg/kg, p. o.)+Silymarin (50 mg/kg, p. o.), respectively. Diazepam (1 mg/kg, i. p.) was used as a standard for the study. Anxiolytic effects were studied in the Elevated plus-maze, Hole-board test and Light/Dark model.

Results: The results suggested that Diosgenin when given alone at a dose of 100 mg/kg, does not shown significant anxiolytic effect when as compared with control. Whereas, the compound Silymarin (100 mg/kg) shown significant anti-anxiety effect (P<0.01), independently. The same two bioactive compounds, given in combination at a dose of 50 mg/kg, (each), exhibited significant anxiolytic-like effect, potentially.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that Diosgenin has got a synergistic effect on anti-anxiety action when given in combination with Silymarin.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CLENBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors: KANKURE SUSHMITA , KALSHETTI MALLINATH , PATIL RAVIKANT
Published: March 2020

Objective: The objective of the present work is to develop a simple, rapid, economic UV spectrophotometric method for quantification of clenbuterol hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation as per ICH guidelines.

Methods: A UV spectrophotometric method has been developed using water as solvent to determine the Clenbuterol hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage formulation. The λmax of Clenbuterol hydrochloride in water was found to be 242 nm.

Results: The drug was proved linear in the range of 10-50μg/ml and exhibited good correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9987) and excellent mean recovery (98-100%). The %RSD for intra-day and inter-day precision was found to be 0.053997676 and 0.359081556 respectively. The LOD and LOQ of clenbuterol hydrochloride was found to be 3.704448 and 11.2256 respectively. This method was successfully applied to clenbuterol content in marketed brands and the results were in good agreement with the label claims.

Conclusion: The method was validated for linearity, precision, repeatability and reproducibility. The obtained results proved that the method can be employed for the routine analysis of clenbuterol in bulks as well as in commercial formulations.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GOLDEN BERRY (PHYSALIS PERUVIANA) EXTRACT AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLISPP. ISOLATES FROM MEATS IN ECUADOR
Authors: BAYAS-MOREJON FAVIAN , TIGRE-LEON ANGELICA , TAPIA-VERDEZOTO MARCELO , FLORES-RIBADENEIRA FABIAN
Published: March 2020

Objective: The resistance of pathogenic bacteria to multiple antimicrobials has become a real global threat in terms of food safety and public health. To Study of antibacterial activity of golden berry extracts against E. coli isolated from meats in Ecuador.

Methods: Two solvents (water and ethyl alcohol) were used as well as three parts of the Goldenberry (mature berries, semi-mature berries and leaves) for its transformation into extracts. The extracts obtained were used in tests of anti-E. coli activity, contrasting with Ampicillin and gentamicin by means of the disk difusión method.

Results: Extracts in ethyl alcohol from semi-ripe berries and leaves were more effective at inhibiting the development of E. coli, with A2B1 and A2B3 treatments being those with the best antibacterial effect with 35.3% and 50% respectively. These results were close to those obtained with the antibiotics under study.

Conclusion: The use of uvilla extracts could be a viable natural alternative to act against pathogens.
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUMF STRAINS ISOLATED FROM STRAWBERRY CROPSFRAGARIA ANANASSADUCH IN THE PROVINCE OF PICHINCHA (ECUADOR)
Authors: L. ANGELICA TIGRE , ERAZO FREDY , YANEZ DANILO , BAYAS-MOREJON FAVIAN
Published: March 2020

Objective: Strawberry cultivation has acquired great importance for consumption, promoting the increase of its production in Ecuador. However, the process of importing plant material from producing countries in order to improve domestic production has contributed to the dissemination of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae.

To identify the presence of the pathogen, by applying molecular techniques to the Fusarium strains isolated from strawberry crops.

Methods: Nine two diseased strawberry plants and 92 asymptomatic plants were analyzed. From these samples, 13 fungi with the characteristics of the Fusarium genus were identified. The isolates were analyzed at the molecular level, by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) amplifying the ITS regions of the rDNA and the EF-1α region.

Results: The PCR product was sequenced to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships between the isolates, identifying 12 strains as F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae. These results confirmed the presence of the fungus in the strawberry crops analyzed, representing a contribution to the search for control alternatives to avoid the spread of the pathogen.

Conclusion: The PCR product was sequenced to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships between the isolates, identifying 12 strains as F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae.
“Making Songs of the Marrow”: Joy Harjo’s Music and Traditional Knowledge
Authors: Castor Laura
Published: March 2020

Joy Harjo is a multi-media artist of Mvskoke background whose poetry, song, and instrumentals break with conventional boundaries of form. For Harjo, melding poetry and music allows her to contribute to processes of psychological healing from collective trauma, a reality in Native American experience since European contact. Her song “Equinox” provides a rich opportunity for exploring the various levels at which she interweaves allusions to contested historical events and traditional knowledge with poetic imagery. In “Equinox,” Harjo’s combined poetry and music encourage larger processes of cultural healing that, at the same time, reinforce the need for continued advocacy.