bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultivating Narratives of Race, Faith, and Community: The Dawn of Tomorrow, 1923–1971
Authors: Thompson Cheryl
Published: December 2016

In 1923, an African Canadian newspaper entitled The Dawn of Tomorrow began publication in London, Ontario, billing itself as “Devoted to the Interests of the Darker Races.” The Dawn wrote about collective racial uplift, Canada’s black church, and about African Canadian “firsts,” whether in the fields of entertainment or nursing, in the Boy Scouts, or in the integration of segregated workplaces — triumphs that Canada’s white newspapers generally ignored. Challenging the notion that African Canadians did not have a black press comparable to the African American press in the United States, this article examines the editorial content, photographic journalism, and advertisements in The Dawn from its foundation to 1971, when it ceased publication. I argue that through its editorials, The Dawn played an instrumental role in cultivating a sense of community among blacks in Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes. This article also provides critiques of de facto Jim Crow laws in Canada, while highlighting the specific ways the black press combated pervasive racism with editorials about racial uplift, community advancement, civic engagement, and black entrepreneurship.
Peace, War, and Climate Change on the Northern Plains: Bison Hunting in the Neutral Hills during the Mild Winters of 1830–34
Authors: Colpitts George
Published: December 2016

This article argues that the meaning of Alberta's “Neutral Hills” developed in the context of the periodic mild winters that adversely affected hunting in other areas of the plains and brought groups, even those at war, together in the same hunting grounds. In a region where Aboriginal oral tradition was inextricably linked to the landscape, Niitsitapi (Blackfoot nations), Cree, Nakoda, and Saulteaux found the means to cooperate in seasonal hunting camps. Winter camps provided a context where critical exchanges of labour, oral traditions, and kinship shaped relations among nations, even those at war with each other in other circumstances.
Historians and Inuit: Learning from the Qikiqtani Truth Commission, 2007–2010
Authors: Goldring Philip
Published: December 2016

This article examines historians' contributions to the Qikiqtani Truth Commission (qtc) from 2007 to 2012. The qtc was unique in being commissioned, conducted, and paid for by an Aboriginal organization, the Qikiqtani Inuit Association. The qtc reviewed the elimination of qimmiit (sled-dogs) as well as other government policies concerning the Arctic and the relocation of northern communities to thirteen settlements between 1950 and 1975. By examining recent trends in writing about Nunavut's past along with historians' involvement with the qtc, this article argues that the qtc combined oral testimony with archival research to produce a compelling analysis of historical trauma and public memory. It thus demonstrates the ways in which historians can contribute to the work of reconciliation and the exploration of historical trauma.
Yrkesutbildningsutmaningar i nya tider – vilken väg ska vi ta?
Authors: Moreno Herrera Lázaro
Published: December 2016

Vocational education and training is amongst the educational areas drawing the biggest attention by mass media and a key topic of political debate in Sweden. This is by no means surprising if we take into account that nearly half of Swedish youngster follows any of the vocational training lines offered at upper secondary education. But, is this a unique ´Swedish discussion`? Are there other international frame factors influencing and some how conditioning the discussion about the strategic importance of VET? If, so which are these frame factors? This paper attempts to give initial answer to these questions by contextualizing VET discussion in Sweden from an international perspective that includes social transformations from modernity to the so called postmodernity and the impact on work market demands. The paper present these new demands, as well as qualifications required. The chapter uses a wide range of references that includes Education For All (EFA) Global Monitoring Report of 2012 focused on the third goal of Education for All, that is to ensure that all young people have the opportunity to acquire skills. The urgency of reaching this goal has sharpened acutely since 2000 as a consequence of a global economic downturn impacting on unemployment. The paper intends to contribute to better understanding of the challenges as well to create awareness and encourage discussion in different contexts and levels, that is vocational school, VET teacher training, policy making and VET planning.
INTERNATIONALISATION OF SMES AND SIMULTANEOUS STRATEGIES OF COOPERATION AND COMPETITION: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS
Authors: GALDEANO-GÓMEZ Emilio , PEREZ-MESA Juan C. , AZNAR-SÁNCHEZ José A.
Published: December 2016

The present work examines the relationships between SMEs’ marketing internationalisation and the combination of cooperation and competition strategies, i.e. co-opetition. Recent analyses have shown that the SMEs’ exports capabilities are highly dependent on co-opetition, while others suggest that the challenges of international supply chain constitute a major driver to this combination. This analysis contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on both of these issues. A multivariate regression analysis is developed, measuring variables of SMEs’ co-opetition and international activity, and taking as reference a set of 136 Andalusian food exporters. The results confirm the positive effect of strategies of cooperation with competitors (regarding logistics, promotion, quality and R&D) on international marketing activity. This positive effect is enhanced when large retailers are the main buyers, i.e. in hierarchical relationships. Furthermore, exporting activity is shown to promote co-opetition among suppliers. These findings highlight the importance of such strategies as regards both export capabilities of the food firms in this region and their expansion into new foreign markets. The empirical approach and certain implications drawn from the results can be extended to other analyses on SMEs in international contexts.
EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS' COMPENSATION AND MONITORING: THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER DIVERSITY ON SPANISH BOARDS
Authors: BAIXAULI-SOLER J. Samuel , LUCAS-PEREZ M. Encarnacion , MARTIN-UGEDO Juan Francisco , MINGUEZ-VERA Antonio , SANCHEZ-MARIN Gregorio
Published: December 2016

This study presents evidence of the influence of gender diversity on the pay system and the monitoring of executives in Spain. In this country/context, characterized by a few male dominant shareholders acting simultaneously as executives, there is an ongoing discussion regarding the enactment of laws to promote gender equality on the boards of directors of large listed companies. This paper presents several contributions. On the one hand, the scarce previous evidence on this topic is focused on US firms. On the other hand, this study includes the role of ownership structure as a factor that indirectly moderates the relationships between gender diversity on board and monitoring effectiveness in terms of executive directors’ compensation. Furthermore, this paper makes an important effort to control endogeneity. The sample examined includes 120 companies listed on the Spanish stock market during the period 2004–2011. The results show a positive and highly significant effect of the presence of women independent directors on the proportion of variable pay in the compensation of executive directors. Our findings also point out the negative moderating effect of ownership concentration: the more concentrated is ownership in the hands of internal majority shareholder, the less is the link between board diversity and pay-for-performance systems.
SELF-EMPLOYMENT AND BUSINESS CYCLES: SEARCHING FOR ASYMMETRIES IN A PANEL OF 23 OECD COUNTRIES
Authors: CARMONA Mónica , CONGREGADO Emilio , GOLPE Antonio A. , IGLESIAS Jesus
Published: December 2016

The aim of this work is to identify whether the bidirectional relationship between entrepreneurship cycles and output gaps is asymmetric depending on the phase of the business cycle. To this end, we employ a panel threshold regression model in which different relations can prevail in each regime, defined by the values of the threshold variable. The findings of this article qualify previous empirical results. In particular, our estimates provide support for the existence of different responses – both in terms of sign and magnitude – of cyclical self-employment to output growth and of output growth to cyclical self-employment, depending on the value of the threshold variable. The result is highly important for policy makers and practitioners given that whether they ignore the asymmetric impact that an entrepreneurship promotion policy action might have on the real economy, the action might lead to unexpected effects.
USING PORTFOLIO THEORY TO PREDICT THE IMPACT OF REDUCTION IN PRODUCT WIDTH ON SALES
Authors: Brzęczek Tomasz
Published: December 2016

Modern portfolio theory was applied to research product portfolio diversification. Prior research studies claimed a positive relationship between the number and variety of products and sales smoothing. However, they have also argued the limitations of classical portfolio analysis, especially owing to the assumption of independence of portfolio shares and the static nature of the approach. To address this limitation we extend the model to fit the trend and seasonality of sales, and to cover their correlations. The model aims to predict the impact of product width reduction on sales and their volatility. We consider the reduction of a product category in portfolio. The model covers the impact of product category sales on portfolio sales but also on other product category sales. Finally, we verify the model using a wholesaler company’s data and compare results. Hence, we recommend the model for the prediction of changes in sales and their volatility due to product category reduction. The model covers the portfolio dynamic approach to product width under the assumption of price taking, unlike in product assortment and variety planning models.
EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRY TYPE AND FIRM SIZE ON EXPORT BARRIERS
Authors: SILVA Joaquim Ramos , FRANCO Mário , MAGRINHO André
Published: December 2016

This study aims to explore the importance of export barriers and to achieve this by comparing different industry types and firm sizes. We performed a cross-sectional study of 529 Portuguese export firms drawn from the database held by a Portuguese Industrial Association – Business Confederation. From multivariate analysis of variance and the Tukey’s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test, we conclude that the more important export barriers mentioned by the firms proved more external than internal. Our results also show that the service and retail trade sectors were the sectors reporting the greatest peculiarities regarding export barriers. Thus, we identify an “industry effect” as regards export barriers even while our findings do not indicate any “size effect”. Knowing the industry-specific export barriers enables companies not only to better coordinate and perform export processes but also to better anticipate the behaviour of their competitors. Other practical and theoretical implications will also be presented.
EFFECT OF BRAND VALUE ANNOUNCEMENTS ON STOCK RETURNS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY
Authors: BASGOZE Pinar , YILDIZ Yilmaz , METIN CAMGOZ Selin
Published: December 2016

This study examines the effects of brand value announcements on stock returns of Turkish firms by using the event study methodology and long-term risk adjusted port-folio returns. We examined the stock-price impacts of 299 brand value announcements on the stock market performance of the firms within the years of 2010–2014 by using BrandFinance Turkey’s 100 ranking list as a data source. The findings indicate that the companies listed in the Turkey Top 100 Brands list earn positive abnormal returns 7 months after the announcement. Similarly, the companies which had greater brand values relative to the previous year, experienced significant positive abnormal returns in the 7-months period. Additional findings suggest that investors are able to beat the market in the long run regarding risk-adjusted returns by consistently investing in the Top Brands. Overall, the study demonstrates new evidence to the marketing-finance interface by focusing on the Turkish case as an important emerging market.
VALUE RELEVANCE OF ACCOUNTING FIGURES IN PRESENCE OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT. ARE ENFORCEMENT AND OWNERSHIP DIFFUSION REALLY ENOUGH?
Authors: CALLAO Susana , CIMINI Riccardo , JARNE José Ignacio
Published: December 2016

The study assesses and compares the value relevance (VR) of accounting numbers in entities that experienced high discretionary accruals intensity and so possible earnings management (EM) behaviours, testing whether and in what extent the quality of enforcement and governance mechanisms act as moderating factors on the relation EM-VR. Based on a sample of 2 667 European non-financial entities, the results show that while the VR of earnings is low in entities that experienced high discretionary accruals intensity, book value increases its VR. The study also shows that the quality of enforcement mechanisms and the ownership diffusion (that proxies the quality of corporate governance) are effectively able to obstruct the loss of VR of earnings. The value added of the paper consists in showing that both the quality of enforcement and the ownership diffusion contrast only in part and in different manner the loss of VR of earnings, due to the presence of EM behaviours, acting only in part as moderating factors.
JET FUEL PRICE VARIATIONS AND MARKET VALUE: A FOCUS ON LOW-COST AND REGULAR AIRLINE COMPANIES
Authors: GAUDENZI Barbara , BUCCIOL Alessandro
Published: December 2016

We analyze the relationship between dynamics to stock prices and jet fuel prices, conditional on financial and company-specific variables, in the airline sector. In particular, our contribution to the literature is in the comparison between regular and low-cost airline companies. We run a set of fixed-effect regressions where the dependent variable, the stock daily return of the airline company (observed between 2008 and 2014) is regressed over three sets of explanatory variables (financial, company-specific and time variables). While large and small companies provide similar results, we find that the company price return – among different variables – correlates only with the jet fuel return and the stock market return. Our work also suggests that there is a difference between regular and low-cost companies. We speculate that this possibly arises because low-cost companies stock-pile in a more efficient way, which depends less on current jet fuel price. Our evidence then sheds light on the efficiency of the low-cost model and may suggest to export part of its practice among regular airline companies.
BIBLIOMETRIC APPROACH TO TRACKING THE CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS
Authors: OLCZYK Magdalena
Published: December 2016

The main aim of paper is to identify the growth pattern in the international competitiveness literature, its core publications and key research domains on the basis of bibliometric data from the years 1945–2015. Citation data is collected from the ISI Web of Science Website, Scopus and Google Scholar, and analysed using HistCite, Pajek and VOSviewer software. Bibliometric indicators, network citation, key-route path methods and term co-occurrence methods are used. The results show that the theory of international competitiveness starts not from neoclassical theories of international trade, but from models of competition, even though competitiveness is mostly measured using trade/export performance. Krugman’s work on imperfect competitive markets and increasing returns of scale plays a most important role in knowledge diffusion on international competitiveness. The scientific development of analyzed concept is connected with six topics: trade performance, technology, liberalization, environmental regulations, location and productivity. These results give us a background for conducting practical analyses of international competitiveness, especially ones using synthetic indices.
PLANETS AROUND LOW-MASS STARS (PALMS). VI. DISCOVERY OF A REMARKABLY RED PLANETARY-MASS COMPANION TO THE AB DOR MOVING GROUP CANDIDATE 2MASS J22362452+4751425*
Authors: Bowler Brendan P. , Liu Michael C. , Mawet Dimitri , Ngo Henry , Malo Lison , Mace Gregory N. , McLane Jacob N. , Lu Jessica R. , Tristan Isaiah I. , Hinkley Sasha , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Shkolnik Evgenya L. , Benneke Björn , Best William M. J.
Published: December 2016

We report the discovery of an extremely red planetary-mass companion to 2MASS J22362452+4751425, a ≈0.6 M
⊙ late-K dwarf likely belonging to the ∼120 Myr AB Doradus moving group. 2M2236+4751 b was identified in multi-epoch NIRC2 adaptive optics imaging at Keck Observatory at a separation of

, or 230 ± 20 AU in projection at the kinematic distance of 63 ± 5 pc to its host star. Assuming membership in the AB Dor group, as suggested from its kinematics, the inferred mass of 2M2236+4751 b is 11–14 M
Jup. Follow-up Keck/OSIRIS K-band spectroscopy of the companion reveals strong CO absorption similar to other faint red L dwarfs and lacks signs of methane absorption, despite having an effective temperature of ≈900–1200 K. With a (J–K)MKO color of 2.69 ± 0.12 mag, the near-infrared slope of 2M2236+4751 b is redder than all of the HR 8799 planets and instead resembles the ≈23 Myr isolated planetary-mass object PSO J318.5–22, implying that similarly thick photospheric clouds can persist in the atmospheres of giant planets at ages beyond 100 Myr. In near-infrared color–magnitude diagrams, 2M2236+4751 b is located at the tip of the red L dwarf sequence and appears to define the “elbow” of the AB Dor substellar isochrone separating low-gravity L dwarfs from the cooler young T dwarf track. 2M2236+4751 b is the reddest substellar companion to a star and will be a valuable benchmark to study the shared atmospheric properties of young low-mass brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets.
Bicep2/KECK ARRAY VIII: MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING FROM LARGE-SCALE B-MODE POLARIZATION
Authors: Ade P. A. R. , Ahmed Z. , Aikin R. W. , Alexander K. D. , Barkats D. , Benton S. J. , Bischoff C. A. , Bock J. J. , Bowens-Rubin R. , Brevik J. A. , Buder I. , Bullock E. , Buza V. , Connors J. , Crill B. P. , Duband L. , Dvorkin C. , Filippini J. P. , Fliescher S. , Grayson J. , Halpern M. , Harrison S. , Hildebrandt S. R. , Hilton G. C. , Hui H. , Irwin K. D. , Kang J. , Karkare K. S. , Karpel E. , Kaufman J. P. , Keating B. G. , Kefeli S. , Kernasovskiy S. A. , Kovac J. M. , Kuo C. L. , Leitch E. M. , Lueker M. , Megerian K. G. , Namikawa T. , Netterfield C. B. , Nguyen H. T. , O’Brient R. , IV R. W. Ogburn , Orlando A. , Pryke C. , Richter S. , Schwarz R. , Sheehy C. D. , Staniszewski Z. K. , Steinbach B. , Sudiwala R. V. , Teply G. P. , Thompson K. L. , Tolan J. E. , Tucker C. , Turner A. D. , Vieregg A. G. , Weber A. C. , Wiebe D. V. , Willmert J. , Wong C. L. , Wu W. L. K. , Yoon K. W. ,   (Keck Array and Bicep2 Collaborations)
Published: December 2016

We present measurements of polarization lensing using the 150 GHz maps, which include all data taken by the BICEP2 and Keck
Array Cosmic Microwave Background polarization experiments up to and including the 2014 observing season (BK14). Despite their modest angular resolution (

), the excellent sensitivity (∼3μK-arcmin) of these maps makes it possible to directly reconstruct the lensing potential using only information at larger angular scales (

). From the auto-spectrum of the reconstructed potential, we measure an amplitude of the spectrum to be

(Planck ΛCDM prediction corresponds to

) and reject the no-lensing hypothesis at

, which is the highest significance achieved to date using an EB lensing estimator. Taking the cross-spectrum of the reconstructed potential with the Planck 2015 lensing map yields

. These direct measurements of

are consistent with the ΛCDM cosmology and with that derived from the previously reported BK14 B-mode auto-spectrum (

). We perform a series of null tests and consistency checks to show that these results are robust against systematics and are insensitive to analysis choices. These results unambiguously demonstrate that the B modes previously reported by BICEP/Keck at intermediate angular scales (

) are dominated by gravitational lensing. The good agreement between the lensing amplitudes obtained from the lensing reconstruction and B-mode spectrum starts to place constraints on any alternative cosmological sources of B modes at these angular scales.
AN ANALYTIC MODEL OF DUSTY, STRATIFIED, SPHERICAL H ii REGIONS
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez J. C. , Raga A. C. , Lora V. , Cantó J.
Published: December 2016

We study analytically the effect of radiation pressure (associated with photoionization processes and with dust absorption) on spherical, hydrostatic H ii regions. We consider two basic equations, one for the hydrostatic balance between the radiation-pressure components and the gas pressure, and another for the balance among the recombination rate, the dust absorption, and the ionizing photon rate. Based on appropriate mathematical approximations, we find a simple analytic solution for the density stratification of the nebula, which is defined by specifying the radius of the external boundary, the cross section of dust absorption, and the luminosity of the central star. We compare the analytic solution with numerical integrations of the model equations of Draine, and find a wide range of the physical parameters for which the analytic solution is accurate.
FRiED: A NOVEL THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS
Authors: Isavnin A.
Published: December 2016

We present a novel three-dimensional (3D) model of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that unifies all key evolutionary aspects of CMEs and encapsulates their 3D magnetic field configuration. This fully analytic model is capable of reproducing the global geometrical shape of a CME with all major deformations taken into account, i.e., deflection, rotation, expansion, “pancaking,” front flattening, and rotational skew. Encapsulation of 3D magnetic structure allows the model to reproduce in-situ measurements of magnetic field for trajectories of spacecraft-CME encounters of any degree of complexity. As such, the model can be used single-handedly for the consistent analysis of both remote and in-situ observations of CMEs at any heliocentric distance. We demonstrate the latter by successfully applying the model for the analysis of two CMEs.
COLLISIONAL DESTRUCTION OF
(n = 1 TO 4, 6) ANIONS OF ASTROPHYSICAL RELEVANCE
Authors: Nrisimhamurty M. , Mane R. G. , Chacko Roby , Gupta A. K. , Deshmukh P. C. , Aravind G.
Published: December 2016

The stability of FeC− against dissociation in an astrophysical environment was probed by the collisional excitation of FeC−. Two anion resonances yielding Fe− and C− fragments were observed and studied through measurement of the kinetic energy released during fragmentation. The yield of Fe− was found to be nearly 5.5 times more than that of C− indicating the C− fragment to be in the loosely bound (2D) state. The possibility of avoided crossing leading to the observed fragment ion yield is also discussed. The dissociation of

(n = 2 to 4, 6) cluster anions predominantly resulted in the cleavage of Fe–C bond yielding only

fragments with similar energy release. The yield of

is discussed in the light of the observed abundances of HC
n
in IRC+10216. The importance of rotational transitions pertaining to both the ground and excited-electronic states of these cluster anions is discussed.
PREDOMINANTLY LOW METALLICITIES MEASURED IN A STRATIFIED SAMPLE OF LYMAN LIMIT SYSTEMS AT Z = 3.7
Authors: Glidden Ana , Cooper Thomas J. , Cooksey Kathy L. , Simcoe Robert A. , O’Meara John M.
Published: December 2016

We measured metallicities for 33 z = 3.4–4.2 absorption line systems drawn from a sample of H i-selected-Lyman limit systems (LLSs) identified in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasar spectra and stratified based on metal line features. We obtained higher-resolution spectra with the Keck Echellette Spectrograph and Imager, selecting targets according to our stratification scheme in an effort to fully sample the LLS population metallicity distribution. We established a plausible range of H i column densities and measured column densities (or limits) for ions of carbon, silicon, and aluminum, finding ionization-corrected metallicities or upper limits. Interestingly, our ionization models were better constrained with enhanced α-to-aluminum abundances, with a median abundance ratio of [α/Al] = 0.3. Measured metallicities were generally low, ranging from [M/H] = −3 to −1.68, with even lower metallicities likely for some systems with upper limits. Using survival statistics to incorporate limits, we constructed the cumulative distribution function (CDF) for LLS metallicities. Recent models of galaxy evolution propose that galaxies replenish their gas from the low-metallicity intergalactic medium (IGM) via high-density H i “flows” and eject enriched interstellar gas via outflows. Thus, there has been some expectation that LLSs at the peak of cosmic star formation (z ≈ 3) might have a bimodal metallicity distribution. We modeled our CDF as a mix of two Gaussian distributions, one reflecting the metallicity of the IGM and the other representative of the interstellar medium of star-forming galaxies. This bimodal distribution yielded a poor fit. A single Gaussian distribution better represented the sample with a low mean metallicity of [M/H] ≈ −2.5.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHOCK STRUCTURE OF THE ORION KL OUTFLOW WITH IGRINS*
Authors: Oh Heeyoung , Pyo Tae-Soo , Kaplan Kyle , Yuk In-Soo , Park Byeong-Gon , Mace Gregory , Park Chan , Chun Moo-Young , Pak Soojong , Kim Kang-Min , Oh Jae Sok , Jeong Ueejeong , Yu Young Sam , Lee Jae-Joon , Kim Hwihyun , Hwang Narae , Lee Hye-In , Le Huynh Anh Nguyen , Lee Sungho , Jaffe Daniel T.
Published: December 2016

We report a study of the three-dimensional (3D) outflow structure of a 15″ × 13″ area around the H2 peak 1 in Orion KL with slit-scan observations (13 slits) using the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph. The datacubes have a high-velocity resolution (∼7.5 km s−1), provide high-contrast imaging within ultra-narrow bands, and enable the detection of the main stream of the previously reported H2 outflow fingers. We identified 31 distinct fingers in the H2 1−0 S(1) λ2.122 μm emission. The line profile at each finger shows multiple-velocity peaks with a strong low-velocity component around the systemic velocity at

= +8 km s−1 and high-velocity emission (

= 45–135 km s−1), indicating a typical bow-shock. The observed radial velocity gradients of ∼4 km s−1 arcsec−1 agree well with the velocities inferred from large-scale proper motions, where the projected motion is proportional to the distance from a common origin. We construct a conceptual 3D map of the fingers with estimated inclination angles of 57°–74°. The extinction difference (ΔA
v > 10 mag) between blueshifted and redshifted fingers indicates high internal extinction. The extinction, the overall angular spread, and the scale of the flow argue for an ambient medium with a very high density (105–106 cm−3), consistent with molecular line observations of the Orion Molecular Cloud core. The radial velocity gradients and the 3D distributions of the fingers together support the hypothesis of a simultaneous radial explosion of the Orion KL outflow.
HYDROGEN EMISSION FROM THE IONIZED GASEOUS HALOS OF LOW-REDSHIFT GALAXIES
Authors: Zhang Huanian , Zaritsky Dennis , Zhu Guangtun , Ménard Brice , Hogg David W.
Published: December 2016

Using a sample of nearly half a million galaxies, intersected by over 7 million lines of sight from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12, we trace Hα + [N ii] emission from a galactocentric projected radius, r

p
, of 5 kpc to more than 100 kpc. The emission flux surface brightness is

. We obtain consistent results using only the Hα or [N ii] flux. We measure a stronger signal for the bluer half of the target sample than for the redder half on small scales, r

p
 < 20 kpc. We obtain a 3σ detection of Hα + [N ii] emission in the 50–100 kpc r

p
bin. The mean emission flux within this bin is (1.10 ± 0.35) × 10−20 erg cm−2 s−1 Å−1, which corresponds to 1.87 × 10−20 erg cm−2 s−1 arcsec−2 or 0.0033 Rayleigh. This detection is 34 times fainter than a previous strict limit obtained using deep narrow-band imaging. The faintness of the signal demonstrates why it has been so difficult to trace recombination radiation out to large radii around galaxies. This signal, combined with published estimates of n
H, leads us to estimate the temperature of the gas to be 12,000 K, consistent with independent empirical estimates based on metal ion absorption lines and expectations from numerical simulations.
DENSITY PERTURBATION BY ALFVÉN WAVES IN MAGNETO-PLASMA
Authors: Kumar S. , Sharma R. P. , Moon Y.-J.
Published: December 2016

In this article, we attempt to investigate the density perturbations along magnetic field by ponderomotive effects due to inertial Alfvén waves (AWs) in auroral ionosphere. For this study, we take high-frequency inertial AWs (pump) and their nonlinear interactions with low-frequency slow modes of AWs in that region. The dynamical equations representing these wave modes are known as the Zakharov like equation, and are solved numerically. From the results presented here, we notice the density perturbations in the direction of background magnetic fields. We also find that the deepest density cavity is associated with the strongest magnetic fields. The main reason for these nonlinear structures could be the ponderomotive effects due to the pump waves. The amplitude of these density structures varies with time until the modulation instability saturates. From our results, we estimate the amplitude of most intense cavity as ∼15% of the unperturbed plasma number density n
0, which is consistent with the observations. These density structures could be the locations for particle energizations in this region.
A LARGE-SCALE SEARCH FOR EVIDENCE OF QUASI-PERIODIC PULSATIONS IN SOLAR FLARES
Authors: Inglis A. R. , Ireland J. , Dennis B. R. , Hayes L , Gallagher P.
Published: December 2016

The nature of quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) in solar flares is poorly constrained, and critically the general prevalence of such signals in solar flares is unknown. Therefore, we perform a large-scale search for evidence of signals consistent with QPP in solar flares, focusing on the 1–300 s timescale. We analyze 675 M- and X-class flares observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series in 1–8 Å soft X-rays between 2011 February 1 and 2015 December 31. Additionally, over the same era we analyze Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) 15–25 keV X-ray data for each of these flares associated with a Fermi/GBM solar flare trigger, a total of 261 events. Using a model comparison method, we determine whether there is evidence for a substantial enhancement in the Fourier power spectrum that may be consistent with a QPP signature, based on three tested models; a power-law plus a constant, a broken power-law plus constant, and a power-law-plus-constant with an additional QPP signature component. From this, we determine that ∼30% of GOES events and ∼8% of Fermi/GBM events show strong signatures consistent with classical interpretations of QPP. For the remaining events either two or more tested models cannot be strongly distinguished from each other, or the events are well-described by single power-law or broken power-law Fourier power spectra. For both instruments, a preferred characteristic timescale of ∼5–30 s was found in the QPP-like events, with no dependence on flare magnitude in either GOES or GBM data. We also show that individual events in the sample show similar characteristic timescales in both GBM and GOES data sets. We discuss the implications of these results for our understanding of solar flares and possible QPP mechanisms.
TRACING WATER VAPOR AND ICE DURING DUST GROWTH
Authors: Krijt Sebastiaan , Ciesla Fred J. , Bergin Edwin A.
Published: December 2016

The processes that govern the evolution of dust and water (in the form of vapor or ice) in protoplanetary disks are intimately connected. We have developed a model that simulates dust coagulation, dust dynamics (settling, turbulent mixing), vapor diffusion, and condensation/sublimation of volatiles onto grains in a vertical column of a protoplanetary disk. We employ the model to study how dust growth and dynamics influence the vertical distribution of water vapor and water ice in the region just outside the radial snowline. Our main finding is that coagulation (boosted by the enhanced stickiness of icy grains) and the ensuing vertical settling of solids results in water vapor being depleted, but not totally removed, from the region above the snowline on a timescale commensurate with the vertical turbulent mixing timescale. Depending on the strength of the turbulence and the temperature, the depletion can reach factors of up to ∼50 in the disk atmosphere. In our isothermal column, this vapor depletion results in the vertical snowline moving closer to the midplane (by up to 2 gas scale heights) and the gas-phase

ratio above the vertical snowline increasing. Our findings illustrate the importance of dynamical effects and the need for understanding coevolutionary dynamics of gas and solids in planet-forming environments.
ACCURATE POLARIZATION CALIBRATION AT 800 MHz WITH THE GREEN BANK TELESCOPE
Authors: Liao Yu-Wei , Chang Tzu-Ching , Kuo Cheng-Yu , Masui Kiyoshi Wesley , Oppermann Niels , Pen Ue-Li , Peterson Jeffrey B.
Published: December 2016

Polarization leakage of foreground synchrotron emission is a critical issue in H i intensity mapping experiments. While the sought-after H i emission is unpolarized, polarized foregrounds such as Galactic and extragalactic synchrotron radiation, if coupled with instrumental impurity, can mimic or overwhelm the H i signals. In this paper, we present the methodology for polarization calibration at 700–900 MHz, applied on data obtained from the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). We use astrophysical sources, both polarized and unpolarized sources including quasars and pulsars, as calibrators to characterize the polarization leakage and control systematic effects in our GBT H i intensity mapping project. The resulting fractional errors on polarization measurements on boresight are well controlled to within 0.6%–0.8% of their total intensity. The polarized beam patterns are measured by performing spider scans across both polarized quasars and pulsars. A dominant Stokes I to V leakage feature and secondary features of Stokes I to Q and I to U leakages in the 700–900 MHz frequency range are identified. These characterizations are important for separating foreground polarization leakage from the H i 21 cm signal.
PRECISE OBSERVATIONS OF THE 12C/13C RATIOS OF HC3N IN THE LOW-MASS STAR-FORMING REGION L1527
Authors: Araki Mitsunori , Takano Shuro , Sakai Nami , Yamamoto Satoshi , Oyama Takahiro , Kuze Nobuhiko , Tsukiyama Koichi
Published: December 2016

Using the Green Bank 100 m telescope and the Nobeyama 45 m telescope, we have observed the rotational emission lines of the three 13C isotopic species of HC3N in the 3 and 7 mm bands toward the low-mass star-forming region L1527 in order to explore their anomalous 12C/13C ratios. The column densities of the 13C isotopic species are derived from the intensities of the J = 5–4 lines observed at high signal-to-noise ratios. The abundance ratios are determined to be 1.00:1.01 ± 0.02:1.35 ± 0.03:86.4 ± 1.6 for [H13CCCN]:[HC13CCN]:[HCC13CN]:[HCCCN], where the errors represent one standard deviation. The ratios are very similar to those reported for the starless cloud Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 Cyanopolyyne Peak (TMC-1 CP). These ratios cannot be explained by thermal equilibrium, but likely reflect the production pathways of this molecule. We have shown the equality of the abundances of H13CCCN and HC13CCN at a high-confidence level, which supports the production pathways of HC3N via C2H2 and

. The average 12C/13C ratio for HC3N is 77 ± 4, which may be only slightly higher than the elemental 12C/13C ratio. Dilution of the 13C isotope in HC3N is not as significant as that in CCH or c-C3H2. We have also simultaneously observed the DCCCN and HCCC15N lines and derived the isotope ratios [DCCCN]/[HCCCN] = 0.0370 ± 0.0007 and [HCCCN]/[HCCC15N] = 338 ± 12.
Goodpasture Syndrome Diagnosed One Year And A Half after the Appearance of the First Symptoms (Case Report)
Authors: Stojkovikj Jagoda , Zejnel Sead , Gerasimovska Biljana , Gerasimovska Vesna , Stojkovic Dragana , Trajkovski Martin , Angelovska Irina , Debreslioska Angela , Jovanovski Smilko
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND: Goodpasture's syndrome was originally described as an association of alveolar haemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. It occurs when the immune system attacks and destroys healthy body tissue.AIM: We are presenting a patient with a clinical picture of pulmonary haemorrhage and glomerulonephritis, which is diagnosed by renal biopsy.CASE PRESENTATION: His illness began a year and a half before being diagnosed. In that period he had occasional exacerbations. He was received at our Clinic in extremely serious condition, and after stabilisation of his medical condition, there was made a biopsy of the kidney. The p-ANCA was 8.93 U/ml (neg < 3, poz > 5 U/ml). Histopathological diagnosis of biopsy of the kidney was: Glomerulonephritis extra capillaries focalis, segmentalis et globalis. Based on this he was diagnosed with Goodpasture's syndrome. He received corticosteroid therapy and cyclophosphamide, with good response to treatment, and he is currently in a stable condition, receiving only corticosteroid therapy.CONCLUSION: Goodpastureâ€™s syndrome is a severe illness caused by the formation of antibodies to the glomerular basement membrane and alveolus with consequential damage to renal and pulmonary function. With current therapy, long-term survival is more than 50%.
The Association between Urinary Incontinence and Low Back Pain and Radiculopathy in Women
Authors: Kaptan HÃ¼lagu , KulaksÄ±zoÄŸlu Haluk , KasÄ±mcan Ã–mÃ¼r , SeÃ§kin Bedreddin
Published: December 2016

AIM: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common dysfunction, affecting especially women of all ages. The terminology of low back pain (LBP) and radiculopathy (RP) may be misused interchangeably with each other. There are many reports of the association with LBP and incontinence but those involving compression of nerve root(as RP), has not been distinguished from isolated low back pain. This study was structured to analyse the association of UI, LBP and RP.METHODS: One hundred twenty patients were included in the study. Patients with spinal or urinary infection, tumour (spinal or others), cauda equine, pelvic operation, spinal trauma, spinal surgery, urogenital pathology were not accepted for this study.Â  Age and weight of all patients were determined. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was utilised forÂ  assessment of loss of functionÂ  and SEAPI incontinence index was used for urinary incontinence. All patients were examined for neurological pathology to differentiate between the LBP and RP by department of neurosurgery. Student t-test and Mann-Whitney-U tests were used for statistical significance.RESULTS: There was no statistical significance between low back pain with overall urinary incontinence (p = 0.131), urge (p = 0.103) or stress incontinence (p = 0.68), respectively. However; The statistical aspects were identified relationship between overall (p = 0.026) and urge (p = 0.001) urinary incontinence with radiculopathy. The association of urge incontinence and radiculopathy seems to show a more significant relationship. Yet there was no correlation between radiculopathy and stress incontinence (P = 0.062).CONCLUSION: Low back pain should not be regarded as a predisposing factor for urinary incontinence; however, radiculopathy has a statistically positive correlation between overall incontinence and urge incontinence.
Vitamin D Status, Insulin Resistance, Leptin-To-Adiponectin Ratio in Adolescents: Results of a 1-Year Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Rambhojan Christine , Larifla Laurent , Clepier Josiane , Bouaziz-Amar Elodie , Velayoudom-Cephise Fritz-Line , Blanchet-Deverly Anne , Armand Christophe , Plumasseau Jean , Lacorte Jean-Marc , Foucan Lydia
Published: December 2016

AIM: We aimed to study the relationships between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], insulin resistance and leptin-to-adiponectin (L/A) ratio in Guadeloupean children and adolescents and to analyse the changes in 25(OH)D levels after a 1-year lifestyle intervention program.METHODS: 25(OH)D concentrations were measured via a chemiluminescence assay. Cardiometabolic risk factors, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and adipokines were measured. The lifestyle intervention included dietary counselling, regular physical activity.RESULTS: Among 117 girls and boys (11â€“15 years old, 31.6% obese), 40% had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D levels < 20 ng/mL). With linear regression models where 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR acted as independent variables and age, sex, BMI, L/A ratio as covariates, 25(OH)D was significantly associated with HOMA-IR alone (P = 0.036). HOMA-IR was also associated with BMI z-score â‰¥ 2, L/A ratio and an interaction term BMI z-score â‰¥ 2*L/A ratio (P < 0.001 for all). After one year, in 78 children/adolescent, mean serum 25(OH)D increased significantly from 21.4 Â± 4.9 ng/mL at baseline to 23.2 Â± 6.0 after 1 year; P = 0.003 whereas BMI z-score, HOMA-IR and L/A ratio decreased significantly (P = 0.003, P < 0.001 and P = 0.012; respectively).CONCLUSION: The association between 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR, independently of obesity and the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency should be considered in order to prevent the later incidence of T2DM. A healthy lifestyle including non-sedentary and outdoor activities could be a way for improving vitamin D status.
The Hidden Function of Vitamin D
Authors: Sibaii Hiba Mohamed Riad , El-Zayat Salwa Refat , Abd El-Shaheed Azza , Mahfouz Nermine N. , Sallam Sara F. , El Azma Marwa H.
Published: December 2016

AIM: There are no reports regarding the influence of vitamin D on thymosin ÃŸ4 and the cluster of differentiation CD4 levels which are important for maintaining a healthy immune system. Consequently, we aimed to explore this relationship through a study.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 35 subjects, screened for 25-hydroxy vitamin D[25 (OH) D] using ELISA method and they were divided into two groups: Group 1 consists of 10 healthy subjects with sufficient vit. D level > 24.8 ng/ml. Group 2 consists of 25 subjects suffering, severely, from vitamin D deficiency at level < 11.325 ng/ml. Also, Thymosin ÃŸ4, CD4 and zinc levels were performed.RESULTS: There were significant differences between the two groups in the concentration levels of thymosin Î²4, as the group 1 has shown higher levels (P = 0.005). Whereas, CD4 and zinc levels didnâ€™t show any significant difference between the two groups. At the same time, a significant positive correlation has been observed between vitamin D, thymosin Î²4, and CD4 at (r = 0.719; P = 0.001), and (r = 0.559, P = 0.001) respectively.CONCLUSION: We concluded that vitamin D may be an essential factor that influence or determine the level of thymosin Î²4. This study is the first that focused on demonstrating that sufficient level of vitamin D may have the ability to influence the thymic hormone thymosin Î²4 levels. Further studies on large scale of subjects are needed to explore the positive correlation we had found between vitamin D and thymosin Î²4 and CD4.
The Role of the Velopharyngeal Sphincter in the Speech of Patients with Cleft Palate or Cleft Lip and Palate Using Perceptual Methods
Authors: Georgievska-Jancheska Tatjana , Gjorgova Juliana , Popovska Mirjana
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND: The velopharyngeal sphincter (VPS) plays the main role in speech formation. The cleft palate, due to the damage of the soft palate, leads to dysfunction of the velopharyngeal sphincter thus causing speech disorder.AIM: To establish a link between the nasal air escape and the perceptual symptoms in the speech of patients with cleft palate or cleft lip and palate using auditory-visual perceptual procedures for determining the influence the velopharyngeal dysfunction has on speech.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty patients with speech disorders, out of which 10 have cleft palate or cleft lip and palate (experimental group), participated in the perceptual assessment by means of Czermak mirror fogging test for assessing the nasal air escape and Pittsburgh Weighted Speech Scale (PWSS) for assessing the probable nature of the velopharyngeal sphincter.RESULTS: The respondents with a considerable nasal air escape have a higher velopharyngeal inability, that is, probably incompetent nature of the velopharyngeal sphincter. There is a strong correlation between the nasal air escape and the probable nature of the velopharyngeal sphincter (the coefficient of linear correlation r = 0.9756). The calculated Ñ€-value is Ñ€ = 0.000002.CONCLUSION: The perceptual speech symptoms and the nasal air escape provide unique insight into the state and role the velopharyngeal sphincter has in speech.
Can Low Level Laser Therapy Benefit Bone Regeneration in Localized Maxillary Cystic Defects? - A Prospective Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Zaky Ahmed Abbas , Elshenawy Hanaa M. , Harhash Tarek Abdel Hamed , Shalash Mahmoud , Awad Noha Ismael
Published: December 2016

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on bone formation in cystic defects following cyst enucleation.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The sample was composed of sixteen patients with enucleated maxillary bony cystic lesions. With an age range from 20 - 44 grouped as eight Laser and eight Control patients. Laser group was subjected to low intensity diode laser immediately after surgery and then for three times per week for two weeks using a therapeutic laser irradiation. Group B (control group): patients were not subjected laser therapy.RESULTS: The predictor variable was exposure of bone defect to LLLT or none. The outcome variable was bone density changes measured by digital radiographs at day 1 and days 90 postoperatively. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups for the bone density at day 1. There was a statistically significant difference in bone density changes in each group at day 90: Significant at P â‰¤ 0.05. After adjusting for differences in day 1 for bone density, the estimated mean change in bone density changes at day 90 was significantly larger for Laser compared with control.CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that LLLT can enhance bone healing in maxillary cystic defects. This can serve as an adjunct method in preventing possible delayed healing and pathological fractures This also will be helpful for more researchers in early loading in case of dental implants to accelerate osseointegration.