bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGÍA REPRODUCTIVA DEL PICAPALO COLORADO (CAMPYLORHAMPHUS TROCHILIROSTRIS) Y EL PICAPALO OSCURO (C. FALCULARIUS) EN ARGENTINA
Authors: Bodrati Alejandro , Cockle Kristina L. , Di Sallo Facundo G. , Salvador Sergio A.
Published: February 2023

Reproductive biology of the Red-billed Scythebill (Campylorhamphus trochilirostris) and Black-billed Scythebill (C. falcularius) in Argentina. – The genus Campylorhamphus (Furnariidae: Dendrocolaptinae) is poorly known in terms of natural history and reproduction. Here we describe aspects of reproduction from three nests of the Red-billed Scythebill (Campylorhamphus trochilirostris) in the Chaco of Argentina, and from one nest of the Black-billed Scythebill (C. falcularius) in the Atlantic Forest of Argentina. One of the nests of C. trochilirostris was in a cavity excavated by a woodpecker. The remaining nests were in cavities formed by natural decay. Both species had a clutch size of two. Two adults participated in incubation at each nest, bringing pieces of bark when they entered the cavity. Incubation bouts were 50 ± 3 min (mean ± SE) for C. trochilirostris (n = 3) and 57 ± 13 min for C. falcularius (n = 8). The nest of C. falcularius was depredated during the incubation period. In C. trochilirostris both adults delivered arthropods to nestlings and removed fecal sacs. They brought food on average 5.8 times/h and removed fecal sacs 2.5 times/h when the nestlings were feathered. Campylorhamphus should be included among the genera of Dendrocolaptinae with biparental care, along with Dendrocolaptes, Xiphocolaptes, Dendroplex, and Lepidocolaptes, but in contrast to Dendrocincla, Xiphorhynchus, and Sittasomus.
PRIMERA DESCRIPCIÓN DEL NIDO Y HUEVOS DEL SEMILLERO PARAMUNO (CATAMENIA HOMOCHROA)
Authors: Chaparro-Herrera Sergio , Montoya Paola , Barreto Borges Osmar
Published: February 2023

No abstract.
CHANGES IN ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL: MOVING WITH THE TIMES
Authors: Delhey Kaspar
Published: February 2023

No abstract.
FIRST DESCRIPTION OF THE NEST AND NESTLINGS OF THE THICKET ANTPITTA (HYLOPEZUS DIVES)
Authors: Greeney Harold Francis , Vargas-Jiménez Juan Diego
Published: February 2023

Abstract ∙ The Thicket Antpitta (Hylopezus dives) is a poorly known inhabitant of the understories of humid tropical forests from eastern Honduras to southwestern Colombia. We studied a nest of the nominate subspecies in the Parque Nacional Volcán Arenal, Costa Rica. This is the first report of the breeding biology for this species, and only the fourth nest description for the genus. The nest, a broad, shallow open cup, and the dark‐skinned young nestlings, devoid of natal down, were very similar to those described for other members of the genus. Similarities with the nests and nestlings of Hylopezus antpittas suggest that their closest affinities within the Grallariidae are with Grallaricula and Myrmothera antpittas.Resumen ∙ Primera descripción del nido y pichón del Tororoí Ventricanela Colombiano (Hylopezus dives) El Tororoí Ventricanela Colombiano (Hylopezus dives) es un habitante poco conocida de los sotobosques de bosques tropicales húmedos del este de Honduras al suroeste de Colombia. Estudiamos un nido de la subespecie nominal que encontramos en el Parque Nacional Volcán Arenal, Costa Rica. Este es el primer reporte de la biología reproductiva de esta especie, y sólo la cuarta descripción nido para el género. El nido, una copa abierta, ancha y poco profunda, y también los polluelos jóvenes de piel oscura y sin plumón natal, son muy similares a los descritos para otros miembros del género. Las similitudes de los nidos y pichones de Hylopezus sugieren afinidades cercanas dentro de Grallariidae con los géneros Grallaricula y Myrmothera.
IMPORTANCE OF RESERVOIRS FOR WATERBIRDS IN SEMI‐ARID BRAZIL
Authors: Cardoso Tiago A L , Loures‐Ribeiro Alan
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT ∙ To investigate the value of water reservoirs for waterbirds in semi‐arid lands, we studied the waterbird community in semi‐arid of Paraíba, Brazil, and compared the results with other assemblages both in semi‐arid and humid regions of Neotropics. Birds were counted during 15 months in 12 reservoirs belonging to the Piranhas‐Açu River basin. We counted 4111 waterbirds and recorded 36 species. The most abundant species, such as Wattled Jacana (Jacana jacana) and Common Gallinule (Gallinula galeata), were strongly tied to aquatic vegetation. All species have wide distribution, far beyond the borders of the semi‐arid region. Abundance and richness of waterbirds in Paraíba are lower than in more humid regions of Neotropics. Species composition in all semi‐arid sites studied seems to be a reduced version of assemblages in surrounding humid regions. Nevertheless, reservoirs may become important alternatives as feeding and breeding sites where the natural environments are insufficient to sustain waterbird populations. RESUMO ∙ A importância dos açudes para as aves aquáticas no semiárido brasileiro Para investigar a importância de açudes para aves aquáticas em regiões semiáridas, estudamos a comunidade de aves no semiárido da Paraíba, Brasil, e comparamos os resultados com outras assembleias em regiões semiáridas e úmidas dos neotrópicos. Durante 15 meses foram realizados censos da avifauna em 12 açudes na bacia do rio Piranhas‐Açu. Foram registradas 4111 aves e 36 espécies. As espécies mais abundantes, como a Jaçanã (Jacana jacana) e a Galinha‐d’água (Gallinula galeata), foram associadas às macrófitas. Todas as espécies possuem vasta distribuição geográfica, ultrapassando as fronteiras da região semiárida. A abundância e a riqueza foram menores que aquelas encontradas em regiões úmidas. A composição de espécies nas regiões semiáridas estudadas compreende uma versão reduzida das assembleias das regiões úmidas. Todavia, os açudes podem se tornar alternativas importantes como locais de alimentação e reprodução onde os ambientes naturais são insuficientes para manter as populações de aves.
STATUS OF THE THREE‐WATTLED BELLBIRD (PROCNIAS TRICARUNCULATUS) IN THE NICOYA MOUNTAINS, COSTA RICA
Authors: Stein Adam C , Elliot Kyle , Guigueno Mélanie F , Kalinina Viktoriia
Published: February 2023

Abstract ∙ Wildlife conservation often relies on accurate data of species distributions, yet scientific knowledge is often limited in scope. Local knowledge and habitat mapping can provide additional information particularly useful in assessing the absence or presence of a species or population. In May 2015, we combined point counts, local interviews, citizen science databases, and habitat mapping to assess the presence of breeding Three‐wattled Bellbirds (Procnias tricarunculatus), a species listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN, in the Nicoya Mountains of Costa Rica, where a disjunct population had previously been reported. Our point counts, local interviews, and citizen science databases provided strong evidence that bellbirds no longer breed in the Nicoya Mountains, and our habitat mapping demonstrated that a minimum of 23% of the bellbird habitat is now pasture. We conclude that a putative historic resident population of this species is now most likely non‐existent in the Nicoya Mountains.Resumen ∙ Estatus del Pájaro Campana (Procnias tricarunculatus) en las montañas de Nicoya, Costa Rica La conservación de la vida silvestre se basa comúnmente en el conocimiento exacto de la distribución de las especies, sin embargo, este conocimiento es limitado para muchas especies. El conocimiento local y mapeo del hábitat pueden proveer información adicional, particularmente útil en la evaluación de la presencia o ausencia de especies o poblaciones. En mayo de 2015, combinamos puntos de conteo, entrevistas locales, bases de datos de ciencia ciudadana, y mapeo de hábitat para determinar la presencia de poblaciones reproductivas de Pájaro Campana (Procnias tricarunculatus), especie enlistada como vulnerable por la IUCN, en las montañas de Nicoya, Costa Rica, donde una población ha sido reportada previamente.  Nuestros puntos de conteo, entrevistas a locales, y bases de datos de ciencia ciudadana indican que el Pájaro Campana no se reproduce en las montañas de Nicoya; nuestro mapeo de hábitat demuestra que un 23% del hábitat del Pájaro Campana ha sido transformado en pastizales. Concluimos que una supuesta población residente histórica de esta especie es ahora muy probablemente inexistente en las montañas de Nicoya.
AGE DETERMINATION OF AMETHYST‐THROATED HUMMINGBIRD (LAMPORNIS AMETHYSTINUS) AND WHITE‐EARED HUMMINGBIRD (HYLOCHARIS LEUCOTIS)
Authors: Guallar Santi Xavier , Gallés Anna
Published: February 2023

Abstract ∙ Age is one the most important parameters in avian biology, since life‐history strategies and population dynamics can be strongly influenced by age. Two characters are generally used to age hummingbirds (family Trochilidae): presence of maxillar striations and presence of beige to cinnamon fringes of dorsal feathers in the juvenile plumage. However, their applicability varies among species. For this reason, development and use of species specific criteria are highly recommended. Here, we describe age‐ and sex‐dependent variation of the central rectrix shape in Amethyst‐throated Hummingbird (Lampornis amethystinus) and White‐eared Hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis). Juvenile central rectrices are more pointed than definitive ones. This criterion meets three crucial properties of aging techniques: high discriminant ability (78% for Amethyst‐throated Hummingbird and 99% for White‐eared Hummingbird), wide temporal applicability, and ease of use with minimum experience.Resumen ∙ Determinación de la edad del Colibrí Garganta Amatista (Lampornis amethystinus) y del Zafiro Oreja Blanca (Hylocharis leucotis) La edad es uno de los parámetros más importantes en el estudio de la biología de las aves, ya que tanto las estrategias vitales como la dinámica de poblaciones pueden estar fuertemente influidas por la edad. La edad de los colibríes (familia Trochilidae) se determina generalmente mediante dos caracteres: presencia de estrías maxilares y presencia de márgenes beige o canela en las plumas dorsales del plumaje juvenil. Sin embargo, su aplicabilidad varía entre especies. Por esta razón el desarrollo y empleo de criterios específicos adquiere relevancia. En este artículo describimos la variación en función de la edad de la forma de la rectriz central en el Colibrí Garganta Amatista (Lampornis amethystinus) y en el Zafiro Oreja Blanca (Hylocharis leucotis): las rectrices centrales juveniles son más puntiagudas que las rectrices definitivas. Este criterio reúne las tres propiedades cruciales que deben poseer las técnicas de determinación de la edad: capacidad discriminante elevada (78% en el Colibrí Garganta Amatista y 99% en el Zafiro Oreja Blanca), amplia aplicabilidad temporal y facilidad de uso con una experiencia mínima.
MALE AND FEMALE CONTRIBUTIONS TO PARENTAL CARE IN THE RUFOUS‐TAILED JACAMAR (GALBULA RUFICAUDA, GALBULIDAE) IN SOUTHERN GOIÁS, BRAZIL
Authors: Nápoli Raynara Jenifer dos Santos , Pesquero Marcos Antônio , Mendonça Cindy Anne Ferreira , Silva Yanara Morgana
Published: February 2023

Abstract ∙ We quantified patterns of male and female parental care of the Rufous‐tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda during incubation and nestling feeding, over four breeding seasons in southern Goiás, Brazil. Reproduction in this species was seasonal, occurring during the transition between dry and wet seasons from September to November. Only females incubated overnight, but male and female shared incubation duties during the day, having similar length of incubation bouts (male = 45 ± 16 min vs. female = 47 ± 14 min; t = ‐0.56, P = 0.57). The nestling diet was composed exclusively of insects  ‐mainly flies, butterflies, and dragonflies‐  and males fed nestlings more often than females (male 59% vs. female 41%, χ2 = 1783, df = 1, P < 0.0001). The results confirm biparental care, with high levels of paternal care, especially during incubation, as predicted for tropical birds with a monogamous social mating system.Resumo ∙ Contribuições do macho e da fêmea no cuidado parental da Ariramba‐de‐cauda‐ruiva (Galbula ruficauda, Galbulidae) na região sul de Goiás, Brasil Nós quantificamos os padrões de cuidado parental do macho e da fêmea da Ariramba‐de‐cauda‐ruiva Galbula ruficauda durante a incubação dos ovos e a alimentação dos ninhegos ao longo de quatro períodos reprodutivos no sul de Goiás, Brasil. A reprodução nessa espécie foi sazonal, ocorrendo durante a transição entre as estações seca e úmida de setembro a novembro. Apenas as fêmeas incubaram os ovos durante a noite, mas macho e fêmea compartilharam as tarefas de incubação durante o dia, dedicando‐se de forma semelhante à incubação (macho = 45 ± 16 min vs. fêmea = 47 ± 14 min; t = ‐0.56, P = 0.57). A dieta dos ninhegos foi exclusivamente composta de insetos – principalmente moscas, borboletas e libélulas – e os machos alimentaram os ninhegos mais frequentemente do que as fêmeas (macho 59% vs. fêmea 41%, χ2 = 1783, df = 1, P < 0.0001). Os resultados confirmam o cuidado biparental, com altos níveis de cuidado paternal, principalmente durante a incubação, como previsto para aves tropicais com sistema de acasalamento monogâmico social.
FIRST RECORDS OF RHYNOCRYPTID UNDERSTORY BIRDS IN THE CANOPY OF CHILEAN TEMPERATE RAINFORESTS
Authors: Godoy-Güinao Javier , Díaz Iván A.
Published: February 2023

Abstract ∙ We documented the first observations of rhinocryptid birds in the canopy of a temperate rainforest in southern Chile. In the Bosque Pehuén Park, located in the southern Chilean Andes (39°42'S, 71°75'W), we installed camera traps in six old Nothofagus dombeyi trees, one per tree between 12 and 21 m above the forest floor. Traps were active from January to April 2017. The camera traps recorded three species of rhinocryptids in the canopy, between 12 and 14 m, Black-throated Huet-Huet (Pteroptochos tarnii), Chucao Tapaculo (Scelorchilus rubecula), and Magellanic Tapaculo (Scytalopus magellanicus). These records of rhinocryptids are unexpected since these species are currently believed to inhabit only on the forest floor and in the understory. This new information indicates that the canopy could occasionally provide food, shelter and nesting places for these birds.Resumen ∙ Primeros registros de rinocríptidos en el dosel de los bosques templados del sur de Chile En este trabajo documentamos las primeras observaciones de rinocríptidos en el dosel en los bosques templados del sur de Chile. En el parque Bosque Pehuén, en los Andes del sur (39°42'S, 71°75'W), se instalaron trampas cámara en seis árboles antiguos de Nothofagus dombeyi, una trampa por árbol, entre los 12 y los 21 m de altura. Las trampas estuvieron activas entre Enero y Abril de 2017. Las trampas cámara registraron tres especies de rinocríptidos entre los 12 y los 14 m de altura: Huet Huet (Pteroptochos tarnii), Chucao (Scelorchilus rubecula) y Churrín del sur (Scytalopus magellanicus). Estos registros de rinocríptidos son inesperados ya que estas especies se consideraban sólo como habitantes del suelo y del sotobosque. Esta nueva información indica que el dosel podría ocasionalmente proporcionar alimentos, refugio y lugares de anidación para estas aves.
MOLECULAR SEX DETERMINATION IN NEOTROPICAL MONOCHROMATIC HUMMINGBIRDS
Authors: Santos Shibuya Felipe Leonardo , Torres Presti Flavia , Costa Lopes Susana Alexandra , Gama Mota Paulo , Roper James Joseph
Published: February 2023

Abstract ∙ Many species of hummingbirds are sexually monochromatic. This is surprising because in all hummingbird species parental care is carried out by females, while males are promiscuous, and this mating system is usually associated with some form of sexual dimorphism. To study sexual selection in monochromatic species, the identification of sex is a prerequisite. Using blood and feathers from live individuals we apply a simple method to identify sex. We amplified fragments of the CHD-1 gene through PCR, using P2 and P8 primers with fluorescence, followed by genotyping in an automatic sequencer. We sexed 110 individuals of five species: Versicolored Emerald (Amazilia versicolor), White-throated Hummingbird (Leucochloris albicollis), White-vented Violetear (Colibri serrirostris), Black Jacobin (Florisuga fusca), and Swallow-tailed Hummingbird (Eupetomena macroura). We found gene fragments of two sizes: 374 bp in both sexes (Z chromosome) and either 379 or 383 bp in females (W chromosome). Using this method for monochromatic species permits sexing in species with similar fragment sizes between sexes (i.e., hummingbirds). Sexing monochromatic birds will be very useful for field studies that require continuous monitoring of individuals in the wild. Resumo ∙ Determinação sexual molecular em beija-flores monocromáticos neotropicais Muitas espécies de beija-flores são sexualmente monocromáticas, o que pode ser surpreendente, já que todas as espécies desta família apresentam cuidado parental realizado pelas fêmeas. Os machos são promíscuos e esse sistema de acasalamento geralmente está associado ao dimorfismo sexual. Para estudar a seleção sexual em espécies monocromáticas, devemos primeiramente identificar os sexos. Aqui, utilizando sangue e penas de indivíduos vivos, aplicamos um método simples para sexagem. Amplificamos os fragmentos do gene CHD-1 através de PCR, utilizando iniciadores P2 e P8 com fluorescência, seguido de genotipagem em sequenciador automático. Foram sexados 110 indivíduos de cinco espécies: Amazilia versicolor, Leucochloris albicollis, Colibri serrirostris, Florisuga fusca e Eupetomena macroura. Os fragmentos foram identificados em: 374 pb para ambos os sexos (cromossomo Z) e 379 ou 383 pb para fêmeas (cromossomo W). Esta aplicação do método em espécies monocromáticas beneficiará a sexagem em espécies onde há similaridade entre os tamanhos dos fragmentos, como nos beija-flores. Além disso, se tornará uma útil ferramenta para estudos de campo que exijam o monitoramento contínuo de indivíduos na natureza.
“WANTED DEAD OR ALIVE:” BLACK VULTURES (CORAGYPS ATRATUS) FEEDING ON A LIVE CAPYBARA (HYDROCHOERUS HYDROCHAERIS)
Authors: Melo Marcos Antônio , Batisteli Augusto Florisvaldo , Guillermo-Ferreira Rhainer , Piratelli Augusto João
Published: February 2023

Abstract ∙ Although vultures are scavengers that feed mainly carcasses, they occasionally may feed on living tissue of vulnerable vertebrates. In South America, most records of vulture attacks on live animals refer to newborns of domes‐ tic mammals. Here, we describe the behavior of a group of Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) feeding on a live capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). The capybara had low mobility, high alopecia, and showed injuries in its dorsal region. The vultures insistently pursued the capybara and pecked directly on its injuries to feed on live tissue. The capybara tried to shake‐off and bite the vultures and escaped from them by diving into the water. We suggest that the observed behaviors are compatible with an extreme case of semi‐parasitic cleaning behavior by vultures on a live wild mammal.Resumo ∙ “Procurado vivo ou morto”: Urubus‐de‐cabeça‐preta (Coragyps atratus) alimentando‐se de capivara viva (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) Os urubus são aves necrófagas que se alimentam principalmente de carcaças, mas ocasionalmente alimentam‐se de tecidos vivos de vertebrados vulneráveis. Na América do Sul, a maioria dos ataques de urubus a animais vivos tem como vítimas mamíferos domésticos recém‐nascidos. Neste trabalho descrevemos o comportamento de um grande grupo de Urubus‐de‐cabeça‐preta (Coragyps atratus) que bicavam e alimentavam‐se de tecidos vivos de uma capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). A capivara apresentava mobilidade reduzida, com elevada alopecia e ferimentos na região dorsal de seu corpo. Os urubus perseguiram insistentemente a capivara e bicaram diretamente sobre suas feridas para alimentarem‐se de tecido vivo. A capivara sacudiu‐se e tentou morder os urubus e mergulhou em um reservatório para fugir das aves. Assim, concluímos que os comportamentos observados referem‐se a um caso extremo de semiparasitismo entre um grupo de urubus e um mamífero herbívoro silvestre.
ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF ABERRANT PLUMAGE COLORATION OF THE GROOVE-BILLED ANI (CROTOPHAGA SULCIROSTRIS)
Authors: Cabrera Joselin Viviana , Van der Hoek Yntze
Published: February 2023

Abstract · Chromatic aberrations have previously been reported for the normally entirely black Groove-billed Ani (Crotophaga sulcirostris). Here, we present three additional observations of the occurrence of chromatic aberrations in this species, in the southwest of Ecuador. In May 2016, we observed two birds with a nearly entirely white coloration, except for a few small black spots, and one pied-colored bird, with a mix of white and black coloration on all main body parts. Most likely, these chromatic aberrations are cases of progressive greying. Future studies should determine whether multiple individuals with chromatic aberration in the same place are a coincidence or due to other reasons.Resumen · Registros adicionales de la coloración aberrante del plumaje en el Garrapatero pico estriado (Crotophaga sulcirostris) Casos de aberraciones cromáticas de plumaje han sido reportados previamente para el Garrapatero Pico Estriado (Crotophaga sulcirostris) una especie cuyo plumaje es normalmente completamente negro. Aquí, presentamos tres observaciones adicionales de ocurrencia de aberraciones cromáticas en esta especie para el sureste de Ecuador. En mayo de 2016 observamos dos individuos con una coloración casi completamente blanca, salvo pequeñas manchas negras, y un individuo que presentaba una mezcla de plumas blancas y negras. Es probable que en este caso se trate de encanecimiento progresivo (“progressive greying”), que puede afectar la mayor parte del plumaje de esta ave. Son necesarios más estudios para determinar si las observaciones de múltiples individuos con aberraciones cromáticas en el mismo lugar, se tratan de una coincidencia o si existen otros factores.
MOLT PATTERNS AND SEXING AND AGING CRITERIA FOR TEN SPECIES OF HIGH ELEVATION LANDBIRDS FROM SOUTHEASTERN PERU
Authors: Kennedy Jeremiah J , Heavyside Julian , Jankowski Jill E , Scholer Micah N
Published: February 2023

Abstract ∙ Knowledge of molt patterns and their resulting plumages is useful for aging and sexing birds and, in mono‐ chromatic species, morphometric measurements can help to discern males from females. However, these data are largely undescribed for the majority of the world’s bird species, especially in the tropics. We sought to classify the molt strategy for 10 species of Neotropical passerines during their breeding seasons and considered whether a combination of wing chord, tail length and mass could be used to determine their sex. We used banding data from three years of mark‐recapture study at Wayqecha Biological Station (2900 m a.s.l.) along the east slope of the Andes in southeastern Peru to characterize molt and estimate morphological measurements. Each of the species exhibited a complete definitive prebasic molt and either a partial (nine species) or partial‐incomplete (one species) preformative molt, which we interpreted to be consistent with a complex basic molt strategy. For five of the 10 species, we found that wing, tail, and body mass measurements were useful in distinguishing between males and females. This study contributes to our understanding of tropical bird molt by providing previously undescribed aging and sexing criteria for some tropical landbirds common to high elevations of southern Peru.Resumen ∙ Patrones de muda y criterios para categorizar sexo y edad en diez especies de aves altoandinas en el sureste de Perú Los patrones de muda en la mayoría de las aves Neotropicales son poco conocidos y en especial se desconoce si las medidas corporales pueden ser usadas para determinar el sexo en especies sin dimorfismo sexual. En este trabajo clasificamos la estrategia de muda para 10 especies de paserinos Neotropicales y también exploramos si una combi‐ nación de medidas de longitud del ala, longitud de la cola y masa corporal pueden ser usadas para la determinación del sexo. Usamos datos de anillamiento de tres años de un estudio de recaptura en la Estación Biológica Wayqecha (2900 m s.n.m.) en el flanco oriental de los Andes al sureste de Perú. Cada especie exhibió una estrategia básica compleja de muda con una muda prebásica definitiva compleja, y una muda preformativa parcial (nueve especies) o parcial‐incompleta (uno especie). Para cinco de cada 10 especies, la combinación de medidas de la longitud del ala, la cola, y la masa corporal sirvieron para distinguir entre machos y hembras. Este estudio contribuye a la creciente literatura sobre los patrones de muda en aves tropicales y provee herramientas para clasificar la edad y el sexo de aves con plumaje sexualmente monocromático.
DIETA DEL PATO QUETRU NO VOLADOR (TACHYERES PTENERES) EN ISLAS DEL SUR DE CHILE
Authors: Tobar Claudio , Rau Jaime , Pavés Héctor , Vilugrón Jonnathan , Arriagada Aldo , Baessolo Luisa , Salas Milton , Grogg Josefa , Ríos-Henríquez Catalina
Published: February 2023

Resumen ∙ El presente trabajo provee información sobre la dieta de subadultos de Pato Quetru no Volador (Tachyeres pteneres) en cuatro islas del sur de Chile durante los periodos estivales de los años 2007, 2009, 2012, 2013 y 2014. Se colectaron 293 fecas en cuatro islas del centro y sur de Chile: Isla Guamblin, isla Guapiquilán, isla Lacaos e isla Guafo. Se comparó el consumo de presas entre islas. Se identificaron 686 restos duros de invertebrados y vertebrados marinos y algas. Los cangrejos (Cancridae) se registraron como la presa más consumida en las cuatro islas. El número de categorías tróficas en las cuatro islas fluctuó entre 1 y 6 familias/feca. Al comparar el patrón de consumo de presas presentes en la dieta en las cuatro islas se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la composición de la dieta. Para las islas Lacaos y Guapiquilán las presas más consumidas correspondieron a cangrejos, mientras que para las islas Guafo y Guamblin las presas más consumidas fueron los moluscos (Mollusca). Abstract ∙ Diet of the Magellanic Flightless Steamer-Duck (Tachyeres pteneres) in islands of southern Chile We provide information on the diet of the Magellanic Flightless Steamer-Duck (Tachyeres pteneres) in four continental islands of southern Chile during the Austral summer periods of the years 2007, 2009, 2012, 2013, and 2014. A total of 293 feces were collected in Guamblin island, Guapiquilán island, Lacaos island and Guafo island. Based on these we identified 686 hard remains of invertebrates, marine vertebrates, and algae. Crabs (Cancridae) were the most common prey consumed across the four islands. The number of trophic categories fluctuated between 1 to 6 families/feces across the four islands. We found statistically significant differences in diet composition between the four islands. In Lacaos and Guapiquilán islands, the most consumed prey corresponded to crabs, while in Guafo and Guamblin islands the most consumed prey were mollusks (Mollusca).
USE OF MILLIPEDES AS FOOD AND FOR SELF-ANOINTING BY THE PUERTO RICAN GRACKLE (QUISCALUS NIGER BRACHYPTERUS)
Authors: Perez-Rivera Raul A.
Published: February 2023

Abstract · Although rarely observed in nature, anting is widespread and has been reported in more than 200 species of birds. The concept was used to describe birds allowing ants to climb on their body or the behavior of capturing and rubbing the ants against the plumage. However, the nomenclature of this behavior has been broadened and now is called self-anointing, and includes the use of other animals, such as millipedes (Diplopoda), and even liquids. Here, I describe the Antillean Grackle (Quiscalus niger brachypterus) using millipedes (Trigoniulus coralinus and Anadenobolus monilicornis) for self-anointing and as food. The genus Anadenobolus is reported for self-anointing for the first time. I also observed five grackles, feeding upon the millipede Asiomorpha coarctata, after washing it in water. Possibly, grackles rub the millipedes on their plumage because their secretions may work as ectoparasite repellent or may decrease irritation during molting. The birds ingest these myriapods when food is scarce or because these may help against intestinal parasites.Resumen · Uso de milpiés como alimento y para “auto-unción” por el Mozambique de Puerto Rico (Quiscalus niger brachypterus) Aunque raras veces observado, el “hormigarse” ha sido reportado para más de 200 especies de aves. El concepto fue utilizado para explicar la conducta de aves que dejan que hormigas se suban sobre estas o las capturan, para restregárselas en su plumaje. Sin embargo, la nomenclatura de esta conducta se ha ampliado y actualmente se le llama “auto-unción” e incluye el uso de untarse líquidos y otros animales como milpiés (Diplopoda). En este trabajo describo el uso de milpiés (Trigoniulus coralinus y Anadenobolus monilicornis), por parte del Mozambique de Puerto Rico (Quiscalus niger brachipterus), para untárselos en su plumaje y luego ingerirlos. El género Anadenobolus es informado, por primera vez, para este tipo de uso. Además, observé cinco individuos del Mozambique de Puerto Rico ingerir individuos del milpiés Asiomorpha coarctata, luego de lavarlos en agua. Probablemente, el Mozambique frota los milpiés en su plumaje como repelente de ectoparásitos o para aliviar la irritación que produce la muda. El ave ingiere a estos miriápodos como fuente de alimento, cuando este escasea, y posiblemente, para combatir parásitos intestinales.
PREDATORY BEHAVIOR OF A RUFOUS-CAPPED MOTMOT (BARYPHTHENGUS RUFICAPILLUS) ON A MAMMAL (MONODELPHIS SP.)
Authors: Pagotto Ana Helena , Muscat Edelcio , Stuginski Daniel Rodrigues
Published: February 2023

While motmots (Momotidae) are known to feed on mammals, this information comes mainly from the analysis of stomach con- tents. On 2 November 2018, our camera trap, located in the Projeto Dacnis area in São Francisco Xavier, a district of the municipality of São José dos Campos, State of São Paulo, Brazil, recorded a Rufous-capped Motmot (Baryphthengus ruficapillus) on a perch with a small opossum (Monodelphis sp.) in its bill. Since the bird repeatedly hit the mammal ́s head against the perch, we assumed it was a predation event. This is the first video record of a B. ruficapillus preying on a mammal, as well as the first record of a motmot preying on a marsupial. Videos record- ed by camera traps are a valuable source of natural history data, as they provide records not only about dietary items, but also about the associated predatory behavior.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PARENTAL CARE BEHAVIOR OF THE MAROON-CHESTED GROUND DOVE (PARACLARAVIS MONDETOURA) IN SOUTHEASTERN ECUADOR
Authors: Blomberg Caroline , Greeney Harold F. , Port Jeff
Published: February 2023

We present the first observations of parental care behaviors of the Maroon-chested Ground-Dove (Claravis mondetoura) using 222.5 hours of recorded observations from a single nest found in tropical montane forest in the Tapichalaca Biological Reserve in south-east Ecuador. Recording began with the onset of incubation and continued through fledging. Observations of male and female attendance at the nest were used to analyze visit frequency and timing, duration, and differences in male and female investment in the reproductive effort. Both adults spent time incubating, brooding, and shared feeding responsibilities and patterns observed reflected those commonly seen in other Neotropical Columbidae.
EARLY NEST RECORD AND ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE CHESTNUT-CAPPED BRUSH-FINCH (ARREMON BRUNNEINUCHA SUTTONI) IN SOUTHERN MEXICO
Authors: Rice Ari Avram
Published: February 2023

The natural history and breeding biology of species in the genus Arremon (Passerellidae) remains incomplete. Here, we document an early nest record and provide additional notes on the breeding biology of the Chestnut-capped Brush-finch (Arremon brunneinucha suttoni) from the Sierra Madre del Sur in southern Mexico. We found one bulky, open cup nest with two pale blue eggs. The nest was found greater than one month prior to previous nest descriptions, suggesting a possible shift in breeding phenology. Future studies across the range of A. brunneinucha will help clarify our findings within the context of geographic variation in this species and possible causes.
TRANSIENT SWAINSON’S THRUSH (CATHARUS USTULATUS) WINTERING IN THE ANDEAN FOOTHILLS OF ECUADOR ARE ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY YOUNG MALES
Authors: Inserillo Daniel , Reitsma Leonard , Larson Keith , Smith Joseph , Camacho Alejandra
Published: February 2023

We know relatively little about the non-breeding period of most migratory birds. Decades of research on Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) has focused on their breeding ecology, whereas their non-breeding ecology is limited to broad patterns of distribution and migratory stop-over ecology. For the nearly 50 years, the US Breeding Bird Survey recorded declines of 0.7% per year for the Russet-backed Swainson’s Thrush (C. u. swainsonii) subspecies, which spends the non-breeding period in South America. However, there is an insufficient understanding of the constraints across their annual cycle to determine reasons for the sustained decline. In 2013 and 2014, we examined their little studied non-breeding period on the Andean slopes of Ecuador where prior experience showed that they were seasonally abundant. Here rapid deforestation threatens primary forest. We used point counts and radio telemetry to evaluate whether primary forest was used preferentially to recently regenerated second-growth forest. From point counts, 76% of detections and almost all captured individuals occurred in secondary forest. Of 86 birds captured in mist nets, 85 were males and 83 young of the year, indicating a highly skewed ratio in favor of young males. Radio telemetry demonstrated preference for secondary forest, especially for fruiting Cecropia spp. trees, with no apparent territorial behavior by those tracked and with short residency times. A marked decrease in density over the course of the field season suggests an itinerant population possibly tracking the ephemeral use of fruit resources. Alternatively, these temporal and spatial patterns could suggest that this population undergoes a mid-winter intratropical migration or at least landscape-level movements. However, we observed thrushes throughout our extended sampling period suggesting transiency with high turnover. Together, this study documents demographic separation during the non-breeding period with preference for of secondary forest and high transiency, important findings in informing management across the annual cycle.
THE NEST OF THE ROUGH-LEGGED TYRANNULET (PHYLLOMYIAS BURMEISTERI): PHYLOGENETIC VALUE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF TAXONOMIC TRACKING OF NATURAL HISTORY DATA
Authors: Areta Juan Ignacio , Mangini Giselle , Gandoy Facundo , Pearman Mark
Published: February 2023

The confusing taxonomic history of Rough-legged Tyrannulet (Phyllomyias burmeisteri) casts doubt on whether a nest and egg from Brazilian Atlantic Forest might instead belong to the Greenish Tyrannulet (Phyllomyias virescens). A nest of P. burmeisteri placed 7.6 m.-up on a horizontal fork in a secondary horizontal branch of Myroxylon peruiferum in late December 2013 in the Yungas of Argentina was a relatively large cup lined and covered with green "old-man's beard" in the upper outer rim, with abundant relatively large flakes of foliar lichens on the sides. Another nest found in early September 1995 in the Atlantic Forest of Paraguay was a cup made of twigs, roots and covered in lichen, placed c.20 m.-up on a horizontal bough. These nests resembled that reported by Ihering. Usage of cup-shaped nests to establish phylogenetic relationships is limited by their simplicity and the lack of detailed descriptions.
A RARE MUTUAL COURTSHIP DISPLAY IN A SOUTH AMERICAN PASSERIFORMES: BLUE-BILLED BLACK-TYRANT (KNIPOLEGUS CYANIROSTRIS) (TYRANNIDAE: FLUVICOLINAE)
Authors: Fonseca Odirlei Vieira , Fonseca Odilon Vieira , Crozariol Marco Aurélio
Published: February 2023

Territorial displays are a common behavior in Knipolegus, but are only performed by males, while a mutual displays are unknown in this genus. In October 2012, in high-altitude grassland (Campos de Altitude), Espírito Santo state, south-east Brazil, a pair of Blue-billed Black Tyrant Knipolegus cyanirostris was filmed making very curious and subtle movements. Both individuals were silent, and perched facing each other 0.59–0.75 m apart, with the male slightly lower, at an angle of c. 21°–23° below the female. The male moved its head downwards, moving its bill in a pendulum-like, downward motion, then reassumed its upright stance, while the female, with its head slightly bent down, moved its bill in the same way as the male, before also reassuming her original stance. These movements were very fast and almost impossible to see with the human eye. This mutual display suggests that courtship behavior in Knipolegus may be much more complex than is currently believed
MINIATURE GPS DATA LOGGERS REVEAL HABITAT AFFILIATIONS AND MOVEMENT OF VEERY (CATHARUS FUSCESCENS) DURING THEIR FIRST NON-TRANSIENT PERIOD IN SOUTH AMERICA
Authors: Heckscher Christopher M. , Mendez Devin , Hobson Keith A. , Aispuro Armando A. , Kleponis Nicole , Kneidel Alan H. , Mancuso Melanie L. , Kardynal Kevin
Published: February 2023

The ecology of Nearctic-Neotropical migrant songbirds in South America is largely unexplored. We used miniature global positioning system (GPS) data loggers to determine the broad habitat associations of nine Veeries (Catharus fuscescens) during their first non-transient period in South America. Because Veeries undertake an intratropical migration between two separate non-transient periods, the habitat used by settled birds in South America cannot not be determined from field observation or the capture of single unmarked individuals. Using satellite images, we examined coarse habitat characteristics at GPS positions from the tagged birds during their first non-transient period (December – February). We also examined habitat descriptions from existing records (e.g., published literature, museum records) of multiple birds from single sites that we consider settled individuals. All records we accepted as birds settled during their first non-transient period, including birds we tagged, were associated with stunted forest on nutrient poor soils primarily on elevated cerrado and white sand enclaves (~200 – 750 m) on the Brazilian Shield in southern Amazonia (cerrado, cerradão, savana metalófita – canga, campinarana, sartenejal). Notably, these uncommon forest communities are geographically limited and severely threatened due to anthropogenic conversion. Therefore, because of restricted habitat availability and the species’ recent population decline, we believe the Veery’s current global conservation status should be reconsidered. Following Nearctic-Neotropical migration, tagged individuals exhibited three behaviors prior to intratropical migration: (1) a prolonged stationary period at a single site, (2) shorter stationary periods with relocation events, (3) apparent continual movement. Our results have significant importance in terms of understanding the ecology and conservation needs of this declining species and demonstrate the utility of GPS loggers in tracking songbirds through dense tropical vegetation in remote and inaccessible regions of South America.
SYSTEMATIC PLACEMENT OF THE BEE HUMMINGBIRD (MELLISUGA HELENAE) (AVES: TROCHILIDAE) AND POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES FOR NOMENCLATURE OF THE MELLISUGINAE
Authors: Lawrie Yvonne , Shannon Thomas , Kirkconnell Arturo , Clark Christopher , Collinson Martin , Kirwan Guy
Published: February 2023

The Near Threatened Cuban endemic, Bee Hummingbird Mellisuga helenae, is iconic for its tiny size—the male is the smallest bird in the world. In this study, one mitochondrial gene (ND2) and introns of two nuclear genes (encoding adenylate kinase and beta-fibrinogen), were sequenced and aligned to homologous sequences from other hummingbird species. With high statistical support, both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses resolved Bee Hummingbird as sister to Bahama and Inagua Hummingbirds Calliphlox (or Nesophlox) evelynae and lyrura, rather than the congeneric Vervain Hummingbird Mellisuga minima. This finding highlights the need for nomenclatural rearrangement of several hummingbird species in line with the results of recent molecular phylogenies.
RECENT RECORDS OF HAWK-EAGLES (SPIZAETUS SPP.) IN NORTHWESTERN RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL
Authors: Meller Dante Andres
Published: February 2023

I have reported in this paper several observations with three Spizaetus hawk-eagles in the northwestern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Two records are described for S. tyrannus, including one recent and another historical. As for S. melanoleucus, I describe 30 records, including 10 showing territorial behavior (one with mating displays), three for juveniles, four for diet or hunting behavior and seven interactions with other species of raptors. Finally, 27 records are reported for S. ornatus, including four for territorial behavior, 10 of juvenile or immatures birds, five for diet or hunting behavior and three interactions with other species of raptors. In the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, S. tyrannus has recent observation only in Missões region, next to Ijuí River, while S. ornatus has recent records only in Turvo State Park. On the other hand, S. melanoleucus has been recent recorded in Turvo State Park, in Guarita Indigenous Land, in the Parizinho Corridor and in Entre-Ijuís, next to Ijuizinho River. Spizaetus hawk-eagles are regionally threatened and require attention to human disturbances, such as hunting, logging and habitat loss.
FEEDING HABITS OF THE STYGIAN OWL (ASIO STYGIUS) AND THE SHORT-EARED OWL (A. FLAMMEUS) IN THE SOUTHWEST OF BOGOTÁ SAVANNA, CUNDINAMARCA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Restrepo-Cardona Juan Sebastián , Ocampo-Velásquez Juan David , Delgado Andrés , Mikkola Heimo , Rodríguez-Villamil David Ricardo
Published: February 2023

This study quantitively compares the diets of the Stygian Owl (Asio stygius) and the Short-eared Owl (A. flammeus) in the south-west of the Bogotá Savanna, Colombia. We identified 130 prey items from 111 A. stygius pellets and 579 prey items from 149 A. flammeus pellets. In terms of the numbers of preys, the diet of A. stygius consisted of the following: 88.1% birds, mainly pigeons, rails and cuckoos; and a smaller proportion of beetles (11.4%). In the diet of A. flammeus, insects were the most frequent prey item (59.8%), followed by rodents (39.8%), and birds (0.5%). In terms of biomass contribution, the main preys in the diet of A. stygius were Eared Doves (Zenaida auriculata) (54%) and Purple Gallinules (Porphyrio martinica) (19.3%), while the diet of A. flammeus consisted mainly of House Mice (Mus musculus) (65.2%). Diet diversity varied between the owl species: A. flammeus was more selective in its hunting habits, while A. stygius was more of an opportunistic predator. It is important to quantify the ecosystem services these owls provide not only by controlling M. musculus, Z. auriculata, and Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) populations, which can affect human well-being and threatened species populations, but also through secondary seed dispersion and birdwatching opportunities.
CITIZEN SCIENCE EXPERIENCES OF SURVEYING URBAN BIRDS DURING THE ANTHROPAUSE IN COLOMBIA
Authors: Arbeláez-Cortés Enrique , Sánchez-Sarria Camilo E. , Ocampo David , Estela Felipe A. , García-Arroyo Michelle , MacGregor-Fors Ian
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 lockdowns produced a singular opportunity to perform scientific research in idle cities. The expected changes in urban ecology led us to form a citizen science community which, following standardized protocols, conducted well-structured surveys of birds across Colombia to test questions about urban bird assemblages that had not yet been addressed. Here, we report the process and experience of this citizen science initiative, conducted between March 30 and June 30, 2020, and discuss recommendations to apply to future projects with similar goals. The volunteer-based survey that we organized began with 93 collaborators in 40 urban centers, but ended with just 45 collaborators from 22 urban centers. Some issues that probably explain the drop in collaborators are commented on. This citizen science exercise was successful, gathering over 75,000 bird records of at least 250 bird species.
NESTING OF THE YUCATAN VIREO, VIREO MAGISTER, IN MAINLAND MEXICO AND ON ISLA COZUMEL, WITH DETAILS OF BREEDING PHENOLOGY
Authors: LaPergola Joshua Burke , Marina Hipolito Jesús Gustavo , Martínez-Gómez Juan Esteban , Curry Robert L
Published: February 2023

We report the first definitive Mexican breeding records of the range-restricted Yucatan Vireo (Vireo magister). We discovered two V. magister nests in July and August 2009 in Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve (near Tulum) and one nest on Isla Cozumel in June 2009. We observed two possible additional V. magister nests with eggs in Sian Ka’an in 2009, one each in June and July. All nests were open cups woven onto branches and hung beneath forks. Clutch size was two eggs at definitive V. magister nests. Nests and eggs were similar to those of most Vireo spp., including sympatric nesting congeners. Breeding activities—including egg-laying, incubation, and nestling and post-fledging provisioning—at definite Yucatan Vireo nests occurred in June and July on Cozumel and July and August on the mainland. Incubation and nestling stages lasted ~ 15 days and ~ 14 days, respectively. Yucatan Vireo remains poorly known, warranting further study.
URBAN SOUTHERN HOUSE WREN (TROGLODYTES MUSCULUS) NESTING IN APPARENTLY UNSUITABLE HUMAN-MADE STRUCTURES: IS IT WORTH IT?
Authors: Alexandrino Eduardo Roberto , Silva Gabriele Andréia , Corbo Milena Cristina , Demuner Brás Antônio , Szabo Judit k
Published: February 2023

Free-living birds in cities interact with humans and human-made objects. Here, we investigated whether nesting in human-made structures that are physically unstable and prone to frequent human intervention benefits urban Southern House Wrens (Troglodytes musculus). First, we describe the behavior of individuals that repeatedly attempted to nest in a motorcycle helmet (an unsuitable structure) based on ad libitum observations and camera trapping. We also reviewed nesting records of this wren throughout Brazilian cities deposited in crowdsourcing citizen science platforms, such as Wiki Aves, eBird, and iNaturalist. During our field study, in November and December 2019, wrens attempted to build a nest in the helmet for 8 days. Each attempt was interrupted by the removal of the helmet. We recorded 103 videos of nesting activity, including 3 days of high nest-building effort (up to 68 twigs deposited inside the helmet within a 6-h period) and high territory-defense efforts. Both of these behaviors were sometimes followed by one of four types of vocalizations (contact call, complete song, incomplete song, or sub-song). We found 372 Southern House Wren nesting records in online citizen science datasets: 100 were in urban areas with 86 nests built on 24 different human-made structures. Most nests (n = 71) were in what we deemed as stable structures (safe from human intervention) and 34 of them (47.8%) likely bred successfully (i.e., fledglings present). Only seven nests were built on unstable and unsafe structures, and four (57.1%) of these had sufficient evidence of successful nesting. Although nesting in unsuitable places in cities is less-frequent, their breeding success is comparable with nesting in suitable places. Therefore, the nesting of Southern House Wren in human-made structures might benefit the species, even if they eventually become ecological traps due the risk of human intervention. Our study adds knowledge about the life history of the species in urban environments.