bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adjudicating the nexus of environmental, social and governance performance with dividend payout: the moderating role of firm’s size
Authors: Karki Uttam , Seth Himanshu
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effect of environmental, social and governance performance on dividend payout and whether this association is influenced by the size of the firm.

Design/methodology/approach

Our sample involves 1,040 firm-year observations of Indian-listed firms from 2017 to 2021. This study uses a panel data fixed effects model, a two-step system generalized method of moments and a two-stage least squares regression approach. We also use a different proxy for dividend payout in our models to ensure the robustness of our findings.

Findings

Our results reveal a positive association of environmental, social and governance performance with dividend payout. The individual components, i.e. environmental performance, social performance and governance performance, also highlight similar positive relationships, stating that sustainable firms prefer more dividend payments. After introducing the moderating factor as the firm’s size, the findings indicate that large-size sustainable firms prefer lower dividend payouts.

Practical implications

Our results have vital implications for potential investors, policymakers, managers and other stakeholders, given that the firm’s size impacts the sustainability and dividend payout practices.

Originality/value

To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to capture the moderating role of a firm’s size on the nexus of environmental, social and governance performance and dividend payout in the Indian context.
Cross-border higher education and quality assurance: the role of international organisations
Authors: Carvalho Nathan , Rosa Maria J. , Amaral Alberto
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Over the years, International Organisations have started to look at Cross Border Higher Education (CBHE) with more attention, namely, at the impact and challenges entailed by this type of educational provision due to the emergence of low-quality offers and degree mills. This paper aims to discuss the role of these organisations in the development and promotion of CBHE and its quality assurance in Europe.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper conducts interviews using a previously drafted guideline with top-level managers of seven relevant international organisations involved in quality assurance at European and international level, namely, INQAAHE, EUA, ENQA, ESU, EQAR, ECA and EURASHE. It analysed the data collected using a grid created through the articulation of the guidelines’ questions and the empirical data.

Findings

The interviews’ content analysis indicated that these international organisations are important stakeholders in the development of CBHE quality assurance in Europe, particularly through the promotion of cooperation and trust between the different actors involved in it. These organisations can assume two different roles: a Technical-Professional Role and a Community Building Role.

Originality/value

This work’s originality stems from the fact that at least to our knowledge there is no other empirical work so far on the role and the views of different international organisations on the challenges CBHE entails for quality at the European level.
The other rules of the game: a normative social contract for English football
Authors: Middling Mark , Plumley Daniel , Wilson Rob
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the views of English football supporter representatives on the implicit club–supporter relationship, pertaining to a normative social contract which can be used to help improve football club governance.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted within an exploratory enquiry, intentionally investigating the fan perspective to understand supporters’ views without the influence of owner self-interest which often leads to commercialisation and/or mis-management.

Findings

Findings show evidence of a normative social contract that reflects many supporters’ dissatisfaction with current practice and provides guidance for the expectations of both parties.

Research limitations/implications

This research aims to stimulate further academic discussion on the underlying principles behind good club and industry governance. It provides a new lens with which to view the club–supporters relationship, adding to previous studies in the area of club governance.

Practical implications

There are implications for both clubs and the forthcoming Independent Football Regulator following a parliamentary Bill that recognises the community importance of clubs and supporters’ unique stakeholder position.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first academic paper linking social contract theory to football. By implementing the research findings, clubs can improve their governance, social capital, accountability and engagement practices in ways considered equitable by both parties.
Using behavioural contracting to reduce behaviours that challenge in a school setting: case studies
Authors: Hawkins Emma , Leow-Dyke Natalie , Locke Hayley , Jones Rhys
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Behaviours that challenge in a school setting can lead to responses from teachers that are restrictive. It can impact learning and can limit opportunities for the future. These types of behaviours can also lead to exclusion from school. The purpose of this paper was to review the effectiveness of a non-restrictive strategy, behavioural contracting, in reducing behaviours that challenge.

Design/methodology/approach

Three case studies are included in this paper, showing how behavioural contracting can be used flexibly and individually to reduce behaviours that challenge. The specific behaviours focused on include pinching, hitting, grabbing, hair-pulling, disrobing, kicking, spitting and biting.

Findings

In all three case studies, the behaviours that challenge reduced significantly. This positively impacted the quality of life for these three individuals and has led to more opportunities for learning in the school setting.

Originality/value

Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of behavioural contracting to reduce a number of different behaviours that challenge. This paper showed how behavioural contracting can be simplified to make it more applicable to individuals with complex needs. It is important that non-restrictive strategies are used to address behaviours that challenge, and behavioural contracting can be a simple strategy that can be used across many different settings.
Evaluating the role of frequency‐dependent selection in controlling the expansion of clonal aggregations in the tropical forest's understorey: Insights from a decade‐long experiment
Authors: Lasso Eloisa , Vargas Marta , Paz Andrea
Published: January 2025

Sexual reproduction, despite its associated costs and risks, is prevalent among many organisms, presumably to generate and maintain genetic diversity. This diversity is vital for adapting to environmental changes and combating natural enemies. Paradoxically, several clonal species also exhibit high genetic diversity. One theory for the maintenance of this genetic diversity is frequency‐dependent selection, which favours rare genotypes over common ones, limiting the extent and dominance of a single clone, thereby preserving genetic diversity. Empirical evidence for this theory under natural conditions is sparse.

Twelve years ago, we established in the forest 14 genetically diverse plots where all plants had a unique genotype (rare genotypes) and paired with them clonal plots where all plants had the same genotype (common genotypes) to test whether common genotypes have a disadvantage and frequency‐dependent selection is in action. Clones were created from cuttings from Piper cordulatum, a naturally clonally reproducing understorey plant. We aimed to test whether common genotypes are disadvantaged and whether frequency‐dependent selection is effective in limiting the dominance of clones and preserving genetic diversity.

Over the experiment's first 10 years, herbivory, pathogen attacks and plant size remained similar across both genotype categories. Intriguingly, clones exhibited superior survival during the initial 5 years. Survival rates equalized for rare and common genotypes by the decade's end. By year 12, survival remained similar for rare and common genotypes. However, modelled survival projections based on the 12‐year‐long trend suggest that common genotypes might experience increased mortality in the long run, consistent with the hypothesis of negative frequency‐dependent selection. Moreover, plants in clonal plots exhibited lower fitness in terms of infructescence production at the plot level by the tenth year.

Our findings suggest that having low genetic diversity in the neighbourhood does not increase disease or herbivory susceptibility or reduce short‐term survival. The impact of negative frequency‐dependent selection is not immediate. However, it could eventually restrict the survival and reproduction of Piper clones in a tropical forest's understorey, curbing the dominance of any single genotype and potentially maintain genetic diversity.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Stronger dispersal potential of alkaline phosphatase‐encoding bacteria ensures higher organic phosphorus mineralization rate
Authors: Wan Wenjie , Gadd Geoffrey Michael , Xiong Xiang , Zhang Weihong , Liu Wenzhi , He Donglan , Cheng Yarui , Yang Yuyi
Published: January 2025

Scientific theory largely neglects linkage between organic phosphorus (Po) mineralization rate and dispersal potential of alkaline phosphatase‐encoding bacteria (PEB) containing the phoD gene.

Different densities of substrates (i.e. compacted soils, culture media, and soil aggregates) were prepared and molecular tools were used to unveil relationship between dispersal potential of PEB and Po mineralization rate.

According to morphological observations and ecological studies, we found that the stronger dispersal potential of PEB ensured a higher Po mineralization rate. Higher Po mineralization rates were found in soil microaggregates than in macroaggregates and silt + clay, and soil Po mineralization rate was related closely to P fractions distributed heterogeneously in aggregates. The phoD gene abundance was notably correlated with Po mineralization rate, and rare PEB mediated Po mineralization. The Bradyrhizobium as identified genus dominated in dramatically heterogeneous PEB community, and stochasticity (70.5%–89.5%) affected more on community assemblages of PEB. The PEB showed a stronger dispersal potential in microaggregates than the other aggregates, as indicated by weaker community stability, stronger species replacement, higher migration rate, lower environmental constraint and broader niche breadth.

Overall, our results emphasize that a stronger dispersal potential of PEB ensure a higher Po mineralization rate, and these findings broaden our understanding of how PEB maintain landscape and function in soils.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Financial Reporting Around Private Firms' Securities Offerings
Authors: KANG YIRAN
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates how U.S. private firms communicate with investors around private securities offerings. Using multiple research methods including survey, interview, and archival analysis, I provide systematic evidence on private firms' public and private disclosure practices. I find that despite engaging in a low level of public disclosures, private firms actively communicate with investors through private communication channels, with notable variation across firms in terms of content and frequency. Consistent with managers providing relevant information, financial information is disclosed when it is particularly useful for investors' decision‐making. Furthermore, I explore the relation between private communication and public disclosure preferences and find a substitutive effect, suggesting that private firms may strategically manage communication channels to effectively engage with investors. This study contributes to the literature by describing the existing disclosure landscape of private firms.
Winter fruit contribution to the performance of the invasive fruit fly Drosophila suzukii under different thermal regimes
Authors: Larges Jordy , Deconninck Gwenaëlle , Ulmer Romain , Foray Vincent , Le Bris Nathalie , Chorin Marion , Colinet Hervé , Chabrerie Olivier , Eslin Patrice , Couty Aude
Published: January 2025

Polyphagous insect species develop using multiple host plants. Often considered beneficial, polyphagy can also be costly as host nutritional quality may vary. Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an invasive species that can develop on numerous fruit species over the annual cycle. Here, we assessed the contribution of winter‐available fruit to the development of seasonal populations of D. suzukii, under fluctuating late winter/early spring temperature regimes. We infested an artificial diet and three suitable fruit species available in winter/early spring (Aucuba japonica, Elaeagnus ×submacrophylla, Viscum album) with D. suzukii larvae under three temperature regimes: constant 20 °C, fluctuating controlled regime of 8–15 °C (12 h of light at 8 °C and 12 h of dark at 15 °C), and uncontrolled outdoor regime during spring. As expected, fly performance was impaired by early spring‐like environmental conditions, whatever the development diet, and the winter fruit were suboptimal diets compared to the artificial diet, whatever the thermal regime. However, under cold fluctuating temperature regimes, the ranking of fruit supporting the best performance changed, highlighting the occurrence of physiological trade‐offs. Winter‐acclimated females preferentially oviposited in A. japonica and/or E. ×submacrophylla, whatever the thermal regime, which does not support the preference–performance hypothesis. This finding is also discussed in the context of D. suzukii management strategies.
Genetic diversity and virulence traits of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae isolated from various hosts in Serbia
Authors: Popović Milovanović Tatjana , Kosovac Andrea , Jelušić Aleksandra , Scortichini Marco , Trkulja Nenad , Stanković Slaviša , Iličić Renata
Published: January 2025

In this study, we assessed the genetic relatedness of 11 representative Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) strains isolated in Serbia from different herbaceous and woody plant species, as well as one reference Pss strain, using various molecular tools such as repetitive element palindromic PCR, arbitrarily primed PCR, insertion sequences 50 PCR (IS50‐PCR) and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). Their virulence traits were also assessed by inoculating detached pear and lilac leaves, as well as immature cherry fruitlets. The results indicated genetic heterogeneity among the strains, which formed a complex network with prominent clustering patterns. While four distinct groups could be recognised when comparative Pss strains from the database were included in the analyses, the strains in focus of this study segregated into two distinct genetic groups labelled PssG‐2 and PssG‐3. MLSA findings mostly matched the IS50‐PCR results, while virulence assays helped distinguish sweet cherry (RE05, RE3) and pumpkin (PS‐T71) strains as the most virulent. Only strain Pss25, originating from pear, exhibited host specificity.
Age‐Trajectories of Higher‐Order Diffusion Properties of Major Brain Metabolites in Cerebral and Cerebellar Gray Matter Using In Vivo Diffusion‐Weighted MR Spectroscopy at 3T
Authors: Şimşek Kadir , Gallea Cécile , Genovese Guglielmo , Lehéricy Stephane , Branzoli Francesca , Palombo Marco
Published: January 2025

Healthy brain aging involves changes in both brain structure and function, including alterations in cellular composition and microstructure across brain regions. Unlike diffusion‐weighted MRI (dMRI), diffusion‐weighted MR spectroscopy (dMRS) can assess cell‐type specific microstructural changes, providing indirect information on both cell composition and microstructure through the quantification and interpretation of metabolites' diffusion properties. This work investigates age‐related changes in the higher‐order diffusion properties of total N‐Acetyl‐aspartate (neuronal biomarker), total choline (glial biomarker), and total creatine (both neuronal and glial biomarker) beyond the classical apparent diffusion coefficient in cerebral and cerebellar gray matter of healthy human brain. Twenty‐five subjects were recruited and scanned using a diffusion‐weighted semi‐LASER sequence in two brain regions‐of‐interest (ROI) at 3T: posterior‐cingulate (PCC) and cerebellar cortices. Metabolites' diffusion was characterized by quantifying metrics from both Gaussian and non‐Gaussian signal representations and biophysical models. All studied metabolites exhibited lower apparent diffusivities and higher apparent kurtosis values in the cerebellum compared to the PCC, likely stemming from the higher microstructural complexity of cellular composition in the cerebellum. Multivariate regression analysis (accounting for ROI tissue composition as a covariate) showed slight decrease (or no change) of all metabolites' diffusivities and slight increase of all metabolites' kurtosis with age, none of which statistically significant (p > 0.05). The proposed age‐trajectories provide benchmarks for identifying anomalies in the diffusion properties of major brain metabolites which could be related to pathological mechanisms altering both the brain microstructure and cellular composition.
Epidemiology of diagnostic errors in pediatric emergency departments using electronic triggers
Authors: Mahajan Prashant , White Emily , Shaw Kathy , Parker Sarah J. , Chamberlain James , Ruddy Richard M. , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Corboy Jacqueline , Krack Andrew , Ku Brandon , Morrison Ponce Daphne , Payne Asha S. , Freiheit Elizabeth , Horvath Gregor , Kolenic Giselle , Carney Michele , Klekowski Nicole , O'Connell Karen J. , Singh Hardeep
Published: January 2025

Objectives

We applied three electronic triggers to study frequency and contributory factors of missed opportunities for improving diagnosis (MOIDs) in pediatric emergency departments (EDs): return visits within 10 days resulting in admission (Trigger 1), care escalation within 24 h of ED presentation (Trigger 2), and death within 24 h of ED visit (Trigger 3).

Methods

We created an electronic query and reporting template for the triggers and applied them to electronic health record systems of five pediatric EDs for visits from 2019. Clinician reviewers manually screened identified charts and initially categorized them as “unlikely for MOIDs” or “unable to rule out MOIDs” without a detailed chart review. For the latter category, reviewers performed a detailed chart review using the Revised Safer Dx Instrument to determine the presence of a MOID.

Results

A total of 2937 ED records met trigger criteria (Trigger 1 1996 [68%], Trigger 2 829 [28%], Trigger 3 112 [4%]), of which 2786 (95%) were categorized as unlikely for MOIDs. The Revised Safer Dx Instrument was applied to 151 (5%) records and 76 (50%) had MOIDs. The overall frequency of MOIDs was 2.6% for the entire cohort, 3.0% for Trigger 1, 1.9% for Trigger 2, and 0% for Trigger 3. Brain lesions, infections, or hemorrhage; pneumonias and lung abscess; and appendicitis were the top three missed diagnoses. The majority (54%) of MOIDs cases resulted in patient harm. Contributory factors were related to patient‐provider (52.6%), followed by patient factors (21.1%), system factors (13.2%), and provider factors (10.5%).

Conclusions

Using electronic triggers with selective record review is an effective process to screen for harmful diagnostic errors in EDs: detailed review of 5% of charts revealed MOIDs in half, of which half were harmful to the patient. With further refining, triggers can be used as effective patient safety tools to monitor diagnostic quality.
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome presentations to emergency departments in the United States from 2015 to 2023
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Chien Nicholas , Moyer Eric , Bernard Kyle , Peksa Gary D.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a common condition prompting emergency department (ED) presentation. However, there are limited recent, large‐scale, robust data available on the incidence, admission, and medical treatment of AWS in the ED.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of ED presentations for AWS from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2023, using Epic Cosmos. All ED visits with ICD‐10 codes corresponding to AWS were included. Outcomes included percentage of total ED visits, percentage admitted, length of stay (LOS), and medications administered. Binary logistic regression models were used to measure the relationship between time and dependent variables and reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Out of 242,804,798 ED encounters, 670,430 (0.28%) visits were due to AWS with a rise over time (OR 1.074, 95% CI 1.072–1.075). Of these, 386,618 (57.7%) were admitted (46.2% inpatient floor, 11.5% ICU). Median (IQR) hospital LOS was 3 (2–5) days and median (IQR) ICU LOS was 2 (1–4) days. Among all ED patients, benzodiazepine use declined over time (84.9% to 77.1%; OR 0.917, 95% CI 0.914–0.920), while phenobarbital (4.0% to 21.2%; OR 1.255, 95% CI 1.250–1.259) and gabapentin (11.0% to 16.3%; OR 1.054, 95% CI 1.050–1.057) use increased. Oral and intravenous (IV) benzodiazepines were common (63.1% and 66.6%, respectively). Among IV benzodiazepines, lorazepam was most common (59.9%). Among those discharged from the ED, 29.0% were prescribed benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide 21.1%, lorazepam 5.5%, diazepam 1.9%). Anticraving medications, such as gabapentin (1.5%), naltrexone (0.4%), and acamprosate (<0.1%) were uncommon, but rising over time.

Conclusions

AWS represents a common reason for ED presentation, with most patients being admitted. We identified a rising incidence with a shift in management to include agents such as phenobarbital and gabapentin. These findings provide important evidence on current trends in AWS to inform health policy and knowledge translation efforts as well as emphasizing the need for ongoing research and evaluation of clinical practices to optimize outcomes for patients with AWS.
The effectiveness of a drink‐counting and a breathalyser‐coupled smartphone application for reduced heavy drinking among alcohol‐dependent adults in Sweden: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Östh Josefine , Lundin Andreas , Wennberg Peter , Andréasson Sven , Danielsson Anna‐Karin
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Studies using smartphone apps in treatment for alcohol dependence are lacking. This study aimed to test the consumption‐reducing effects of using two app‐based alcohol interventions as complement to treatment as usual (TAU).

Design

Three‐armed, parallel, randomised controlled trial.

Setting

Specialised outpatient clinic within the Stockholm Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm, Sweden.

Participants

162 alcohol‐dependent adults (46% female), with no social problems or mental disorders, who had no other drug use, were included. Mean age was 50 years, and the majority were highly educated, employed and had not previously received any alcohol treatment.

Interventions

Participants were randomised to (1) TAU+drink‐counting app (Glasklart, n = 52), (2) TAU+app‐coupled breathalyser (iBAC Pro, n = 58) or (3) TAU only (n = 52). TAU included four sessions of clinician‐led psychological treatment based on motivational interviewing/cognitive behavioural therapy, combined with pharmacotherapy when requested, for 12 weeks.

Measurements

The primary outcome was past 4‐week heavy drinking days (HDD) at 26 weeks post‐randomisation, adjusted for baseline HDD, and assessed by structured interviews using Timeline Followback. Secondary outcomes included weekly consumption, consumption patterns, phosphatidylethanol and dependence at 12 and 26 weeks. Analyses compared TAU+drink‐counting app and TAU+breathalyser each with TAU alone.

Findings

At 26 weeks, participants with TAU+breathalyser had statistically significantly lower HDD [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49, 0.91] compared with those with TAU alone. There was no evidence of any effects on HDD for those with TAU+drink‐counting app, compared with TAU alone (IRR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.70, 1.25) or of any other effects.

Conclusions

In Sweden, treatment as usual (TAU) for alcohol dependence combined with a smartphone application coupled with a breathalyser was more effective than TAU alone in reducing self‐reported heavy drinking. There was no evidence that TAU combined with a smartphone application for drink‐counting was more effective than TAU alone.
Association between iron deficiency and fertility
Authors: Tulenheimo‐Silfvast Annika , Ruokolainen‐Pursiainen Lasse , Simberg Niklas
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This retrospective, observational cohort study investigated the association between treatment of iron deficiency with conception results and pregnancy outcomes in women with infertility and iron deficiency, before and after intravenous ferric carboxymaltose infusion.

Material and Methods

Data were collected from electronic health records from the Dextra Fertility Clinic (Helsinki, Finland) between 2015 and 2020. The cohort included 292 women (<43 years) with infertility and iron deficiency (s‐ferritin ≤30 μg/L), treated with a ferric carboxymaltose infusion (Ferinject®, 500 mg i.v.). The main outcomes were live birth and miscarriage rates before and after treatment of iron deficiency. The main explanatory variable studied was the administered iron infusion.

Results

Mean s‐ferritin levels increased from 16.2 ± 7.0 μg/L before to 81.5 ± 49.8 μg/L after iron infusion. The proportion of patients who conceived increased from 65% before to 77% after treatment of iron deficiency (p < 0.001). Of the study population, 28% of patients experienced miscarriages and 26% gave a live birth before iron infusion, and 13% and 51% after treatment of iron deficiency (p < 0.001). In the model adjusted for age, use of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy, and repeated iron infusions, treatment of iron deficiency with iron infusion was associated with a higher live birth rate (OR = 3.19; 95% CI = 2.21–4.66; p < 0.001). In the model adjusted for age, reason for infertility, and total number of pregnancies, treatment of iron deficiency was associated with lower miscarriage rates (OR = 0.32; 95% Cl = 0.20–0.52; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Filling of depleted iron stores was positively associated with conception results (higher number of pregnancies) and pregnancy outcomes (higher live birth rates and lower miscarriage rates), regardless of the assisted reproductive technology method used. Screening of iron status seems to be important in patients seeking help for infertility problems.
Inflammatory Potential of the Diet and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Meyer Antoine , Chan Simon S. M. , Touvier Mathilde , Julia Chantal , Tjønneland Anne , Kyrø Cecilie , Dahm Christina C. , Katzke Verena A. , Schulze Matthias B. , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Masala Giovanna , Oldenburg Bas , Guevara Marcela , Bujanda Luis , Cabrera Castro Natalia A. , Tong Tammy Y. N. , Heath Alicia K. , Deschasaux‐Tanguy Mélanie , Hercberg Serge , Galan Pilar , Mahamat‐Saleh Yahya , Severi Gianluca , Carbonnel Franck , Amiot Aurélien
Published: January 2025

Background

Association between dietary factors and the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been studied extensively. However, identification of deleterious dietary patterns merits further study.

Aim

To investigate the risk of developing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) according to the inflammatory score of the diet (ISD) in the multinational European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Methods

We used validated food frequency questionnaires collected at baseline to compute ISD scores. We estimated the association between ISD score and risks of CD and UC risks using Cox models stratified by centre, sex and age. We adjusted for smoking status, BMI, physical activity, energy intake, educational level and alcohol intake.

Results

We included 394,255 individuals including 184 incident cases of CD and 459 of UC after median follow‐up of 13.6 years (4,889,910 person‐years). High ISD scores were associated with a higher risk of CD (fourth vs. first quartile‐adjusted HR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.14–3.10; p‐trend < 0.01) but not of UC (adjusted HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.63–1.15; p‐trend 0.21). For CD, this association was mainly observed for women (adjusted HR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.17–3.91; p‐trend < 0.01). On subgroup analyses, those differences were mainly driven by low intakes of fibre, mono‐unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin C, magnesium, onion and alcohol.

Conclusions

A high ISD score is associated with a higher risk of developing CD but not UC. These results should be taken into account in high‐risk populations.
Understanding how on‐farm biosecurity perceptions and practices of New South Wales sheep producers have been impacted by the 2022 foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreak in Indonesia
Authors: Graham J , Hayes L , Manyweathers J , Fountain J , Hernandez‐Jover M
Published: January 2025

Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious transboundary emergency animal disease posing a significant threat to the global economy. Australia strengthened border security following the 2022 FMD outbreak in Indonesia allocating resources to promote biosecurity awareness and engagement. This study qualitatively investigated the impact of this extension on the biosecurity perceptions and practices of sheep producers in New South Wales, Australia. Eighteen sheep producers participated in semi‐structured interviews during August–September 2023. Thematic analysis revealed biosecurity to be perceived as important for industry and enterprise productivity; however, on‐farm biosecurity practices were mostly associated solely with bioexclusion. Seven producers engaged directly with post‐Indonesian FMD outbreak extension and reported increased FMD awareness. Changes to on‐farm biosecurity were made by half the participants following the 2022 Indonesian FMD outbreak, with three of these having received extension engagement. The main explanations for lack of change were the perceptions that no change to disease risk had occurred, that current practices adequately mitigated risk and that change would be impractical. Future studies aimed at further understanding the factors that influence both the immediate and long‐term effectiveness of extension activities would be beneficial to the development of future biosecurity extension and policy.
Importance of transgender nuances in research and advocacy: Reply to Morgenroth (2025) and Tate (2025)
Authors: Jackson Emma F. , Bussey Kay
Published: January 2025

In their responses to our paper ‘Conceptualizing transgender experiences in psychology: Do we have a “true” gender?’ (The British Journal of Psychology, 2024, 115, 723), Tate (2025) and Morgenroth (2025) provide reflections on the importance of nuance when researching gender and in transgender advocacy. In this reply, I note where this paper is situated in the literature and engage in a discussion of the role of definitions in transgender advocacy. Over‐reliance on an individual's true gender when evaluating transgender people's legitimacy may exclude individuals whose gender is not understandable as ‘true’ to a cisgender majority. I suggest that a broad definition of transgender can allow legitimization to arise from transgender identification and gender self‐categorization alongside broader experiences of body and gender.
Multiple Kinase Small Molecule Inhibitor Tinengotinib (TT‐00420) Alone or With Chemotherapy Inhibit the Growth of SCLC
Authors: Li Hui , Tang Chenchen , Zhao Peiyan , Zhong Rui , Lu Yuanhua , Liu Yan , Li Rixin , Lan Shaowei , Wu Chunjiao , Qiang Xiaoyan , Peng Peng , Wu Frank , Cheng Ying , Liu Ying
Published: January 2025

There is an urgent need to develop new targeted treatment agents for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Tinengotinib (TT‐00420) is a novel, multi‐targeted, and spectrally selective small‐molecule kinase inhibitor that has shown significant inhibitory effects on certain solid tumors in preclinical studies. However, its role and mechanism of action in SCLC remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that tinengotinib effectively inhibited SCLC cell proliferation, especially highly expressing NeuroD1 (SCLC‐N), in the SCLC cell line‐derived xenograft (CDX) model and the malignant pleural effusion cell model of patients with SCLC. When combined with etoposide/cisplatin, it synergistically inhibited SCLC growth. Tinengotinib regulates proliferation, apoptosis, migration, cell cycle and angiogenesis in SCLC cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that c‐Myc expression may be a key factor influencing the effect of tinengotinib in SCLC‐N. This study provides reliable preclinical data and a new direction for tinengotinib as a promising therapy for SCLC, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy.
‘Being Real’ and ‘Being Boundaried’: A Qualitative Study of Practitioners' Provision of Authentic Care in a Service for Young Care Leavers
Authors: Marshall Hannah , Harvey Joel , Lanskey Caroline
Published: January 2025

This study explores experiences of authentic care among practitioners and young people at The House Project, an organization supporting young people leaving care in the United Kingdom. We conducted observations, interviews and focus groups with a total of 41 practitioners and 37 young people in multiple local projects over the course of 2 years. The study offers three main findings. First, practitioners and young people place significant value on relationships of authentic care and perceive these as characterized by mutual self‐disclosure, genuine emotional investment and practitioners' willingness to ‘go above and beyond’ in their work. Second, the provision of authentic care in a professional setting is subject to several challenges for practitioners: managing the heightened emotional impact of caring authentically for young people, maintaining balance and boundaries between work and home lives and navigating career transitions. Third, practitioners responded to these challenges through what we call ‘flexible boundary setting’ and by cultivating networks of support. Further research is needed to determine how to best support staff in the provision of authentic care.
Care pathway for patients hospitalized with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Mahé Isabelle , Skaff Yara , Helfer Hélène , Benarroch Samuel , Happe Florent , Remaki Adam , Sallah Kankoe
Published: January 2025

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is a potentially fatal disease with a multifactorial nature, impacting different medical and surgical specialties. Recently, new guidelines and direct oral anticoagulants facilitated early discharge for most DVT patients and non‐severe PE patients.

Objective

The aim of this study is to illustrate the distribution of VTE patients throughout the hospital and map their care pathway from Emergency Department (ED) to hospital discharge.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective cross‐sectional study included all hospitalized patients with a VTE code from 39 hospitals between 2018 and 2019. Data were analysed using JupyterLab, with subgroup analyses based on mode of entry, diagnosis location and thrombosis site.

Results

A total of 23,199 hospitalizations were analysed, involving 17,718 patients a median age 66 years [52–78] and man‐to‐women ratio 1.05. Among these, 10,747(46.3%) had PE and 4176(18.0%) had lower limb DVT. The ED was the primary entry point for 31.2% of cases, followed by gastroenterology, surgery, geriatrics, and internal medicine. Patients admitted through ED patients were most frequently transferred to internal medicine, cardiovascular and intensive care units (ICU). The median hospital stay was 9 days [4–21], with ICU stays being the longest (mean 15 days [8–27]). Notably, 1357 patients (18.8%) of VTE patients were discharged within 48 h of ED admission.

Conclusions

This study is the first to portray the distribution and care pathways of VTE patients across hospital departments. Despite recent clinical guidelines, many patients still require inpatient management, highlighting the need for dedicated care pathway.
Seizure outcomes after resection of temporal encephalocele in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khoudari Hamza , Alabbas Mohammad , Tobochnik Steven , Burneo Jorge , Cox Benjamin , Lemus Hernan Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Objective

Temporal encephaloceles (TEs) are seen in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE); yet they are also common incidental findings. Variability in institutional pre‐surgical epilepsy practices and interpretation of epileptogenic network localization contributes to bias in existing epilepsy cohorts with TE, and therefore the relevance of TE in DRE remains controversial. We sought to estimate effect sizes and sample sizes necessary to demonstrate clinically relevant improvements in seizure outcome with different surgical approaches.

Methods

We searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane to identify studies reporting the outcomes of epilepsy surgery after 12 months in patients with DRE and TE. The main outcome was seizure freedom or favorable seizure outcome. We also assessed the rates of seizure freedom among patients with DRE, TE, and the following covariables: use of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), side of the encephalocele, sex, and type of surgical resection (anterior temporal lobectomy [ATL] vs lesionectomy). Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to calculate the proportion of patients attaining seizure outcomes.

Results

We identified 332 studies, of which 15 (282 patients) met inclusion criteria for meta‐analysis. Seizure‐freedom rate was 65% (95% confidence interval [CI] 53–76), whereas the favorable outcome rate was 78% (95% CI 70–85). There was no significant interstudy heterogeneity. Patients with TE undergoing iEEG (risk ratio [RR] 0.80, 95% CI 0.74–0.87) had a lower chance of a favorable seizure outcome. A power analysis estimated a sample size of 28 932 patients with TE (13 764 with ATL) necessary to determine a significant difference in seizure freedom between limited resection and ATL.

Significance

Retrospective cohort studies demonstrate good outcomes after TE resection regardless of the extent of resection. Prohibitively large sample sizes necessary to observe outcome differences between surgical approaches and presurgical predictors indicate that improved biomarkers and mechanistic understanding of TE epileptogenicity are needed.
Tremor as an intrinsic feature of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Giugno Alessia , Fortunato Francesco , Sammarra Ilaria , Sturniolo Miriam , Fratto Enrico , Martino Iolanda , Nisticò Rita , Gambardella Antonio
Published: January 2025

We aim to understand whether tremor may be an intrinsic feature of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and whether individuals with JME plus tremor experience a different disease course. Thirty‐one individuals with JME plus tremor (17 females, mean age = 33.9 ± 13.8 years) and 30 age of onset‐ and gender‐matched subjects with JME (21 females, mean age = 26.8 ± 11.2 years) prospectively underwent clinical and neurophysiologic assessment, including tremor assessment and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). All JME plus tremor subjects experienced postural and action tremor affecting bilateral upper limbs. Nine of 31 individuals (29%) with tremor were never exposed to valproate (VPA), and 14 of 31 (45.2%) were not using VPA at the time of clinical evaluation. Twelve of 31 (38.7%) patients with JME plus tremor were drug‐resistant compared to four of 30 (13.3%) with JME (p = .024). The JME plus tremor subjects had higher numbers of previous childhood absence epilepsy (n = 6/31 [19.4%]), interictal epileptiform discharges (n = 30/31 [96.8%]), photosensitivity (n = 8/31 [25.8%]), and psychiatric comorbidities (n = 12/31 [38.7%]). Six of 31 (19.4%) individuals with JME plus tremor had giant SEPs (1/30, 3.3% with JME; p = .05, chi‐squared test). The clinical features and decreased sensorimotor inhibition in the JME plus tremor group suggest that tremor might be a marker of disease severity rather than an epiphenomenon of VPA exposure.
Uncommon presentation of an invasive T‐cell lymphoma in a young Warmblood stallion
Authors: de Bruijn E. , Rutigliano L. , Hiltrop R. , Chiers K. , Raes E. , Paulussen E.
Published: January 2025

A 2‐year‐old stallion was referred to the Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine of Ghent University with signs of lethargy and anorexia. Abdominal and thoracic ultrasound appeared normal. Biochemistry revealed severe liver dysfunction and haematology indicated a leucocytosis. Therefore, treatment with broad‐spectrum antimicrobials and supportive perfusion therapy was initiated. After a few days severe quidding was observed. Oral examination identified a suspected mass of the soft palate. Radiographs confirmed the presence of a soft tissue mass in the left maxillary sinuses. Due to cost constraints, computed tomography (CT) could not be performed. As the clinical condition deteriorated, the stallion was euthanised. Post‐mortem examination revealed an unusual, multicentric T‐cell lymphoma, characterised by a primary, bilaterally symmetrical, severely invasive mass in the head with metastases in numerous lymph nodes and multiple thoracic and abdominal organs.
Mare colostrum quality and relationship with foal serum immunoglobulin G concentrations and average daily weight gains
Authors: Gallacher Kirsty , Champion Katherine , Denholm Katharine S.
Published: January 2025

Background

Foals suffer from total failure to transfer passive immunity (TFTPI) when serum immunoglobulin (IgG) is <4 g/L, and partial failure to transfer passive immunity (PFTPI) when serum IgG is 4–8 g/L.

Objectives

To explore risk factors for poor serum IgG concentration.

Study design

Retrospective observational study.

Methods

Data from 535 Thoroughbred foals born to 177 mares were analysed and included foal sex, birthweight, month and year of birth and colostrum Brix %. Associations between dam age and colostrum Brix (%); and between foal serum IgG and liveweight gains were also measured. Pre‐suckle colostrum samples and foal blood samples were collected (by jugular venipuncture within 12–24 h of birth). IgG was estimated in mare colostrum and foal serum using Brix refractometry and turbidimetric immunoassay, respectively. Foals were weighed within 20 h of birth; daily until 7 days of age and weekly until 130 days of age.

Results

Mean foal serum IgG was 10.78 g/L (SD = 3.26) and mean mare colostrum Brix was 27.32% (SD = 5.96). A number of colostrum samples (20.9%, n = 112/535) measured <20% Brix and 20.4% of foals (n = 109/535) had serum IgG concentrations ≤8 g/L, 2.2% of foals (n = 12/535) had serum IgG less than or equal to 4 g/L and 18.1% (n = 97/535) had serum IgG between 4.1 g/L and 8 g/L. Foals had an average daily gain (ADG, kg) of 1.26 kg (SD = 0.14). Serum IgG (g/L) was associated with year of birth, birthweight (kg) and colostrum Brix (%). For every unit increase in foal birthweight (kg), there were small, significant increases in foal serum IgG (0.04 g/L, p = 0.04). Similarly, for every unit increased in mare colostrum Brix (%) there were small, significant increases in foal serum IgG (0.25 g/L, p < 0.001). Month of birth was significantly associated with colostrum Brix (%) and with average daily gains; with lower values for both outcome parameters with increasing calendar month. Increasing dam age at foaling was associated with lower colostrum Brix (%).

Main limitations

Retrospective design with missing data, small convenience sample.

Conclusions

Several risk factors were significantly associated with foal serum IgG and mare colostrum Brix (%) in the current work.
Notch and Fracture Mechanics‐Based Assessment of Multiaxial Fatigue Thresholds of Defects and Sharp Notches in Metallic Materials
Authors: Collini Francesco , Rigon Daniele , Meneghetti Giovanni
Published: January 2025

This investigation focuses on the constant amplitude (CA) multiaxial fatigue limit of components made of metallic materials weakened by defects, cracks, and sharp U‐ and/or V‐notches. To estimate the multiaxial fatigue thresholds of plain, sharply notched, and cracked materials and defects, a novel theoretical framework based on the well‐known averaged strain energy density (SED) criterion is proposed, which extends the Atzori–Lazzarin–Meneghetti (ALM) diagram to multiaxial loading. The proposed design equations are validated against 128 experimental multiaxial fatigue limits, taken from the literature.
Fracture toughness degradation of rare earth zirconate‐yttria‐stabilized zirconia (RE = Sm and Gd) composite after high‐temperature treatment
Authors: Sun Chuan , He Pengfei , Hu Zhenfeng , Liang Xiubing , Liu Xiangyang , Wan Chunlei
Published: January 2025

Thermal barrier coatings are mandated to exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, particularly high toughness, for enhanced thermal cycling durability. However, many newly developed materials exhibit low fracture toughness, limiting their performance. To address this challenge, composite coatings have emerged as a strategic approach to enhance thermal shock resistance. This study delves into the toughening influence of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) on rare earth zirconate (RE2Zr2O7, REZ) composites (RE = Sm or Gd). After sintering at 1300°C for 100 h, the absence of a monoclinic phase in REZ‐YSZ is attributed to the diffusion of rare earth elements into YSZ. Notably, while REZ‐YSZ composite coatings exhibit higher fracture toughness initially, they experience a decline in this property with prolonged sintering time. Our research highlights a significant finding in the development of YSZ‐toughened TBC materials.
Unveiling the advances and challenges in the development of Er3+‐doped tellurite fiber with embedded Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Kraskowski Iuliia , Nasser Khaldoon , Korri Juho , Närhi Mikko , Gumenyuk Regina , Othmani Abdelhak , Boussard‐Plédel Catherine , Troles Johann , Petit Laeticia
Published: January 2025

Er3+‐doped fibers are widely used as 1.55 µm broadband optical amplifiers. Tellurite glasses are particularly suitable as a gain medium due to their lower phonon energy and better rare‐earth solubility compared to silica glass. Various strategies, such as reducing the OH content and co‐doping with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), are attempted to improve the spectroscopic properties. However, maintaining the glass drawability into fibers when developing glasses with improved spectroscopic properties remains a significant challenge. Indeed, it is confirmed that NH4HF2 can be added into the tellurite glass batch prior to the melting to reduce OH− content. However, the presence of remaining F in the glass is demonstrated to have a detrimental impact on the glass thermal properties preventing the drawing of this glass into fiber. The successful drawing of a single‐index optical fiber from a tellurite glass preform heavily doped with Er3+ ions is reported for the first time. The Ag NPs are grown in the fiber using a thermal treatment at the glass transition temperature. The presence of the NPs is confirmed using a TEM and from the spectroscopic properties. The interaction between Er3+ ions and the Ag species offers potential for modifying the luminescence properties of the fiber.