bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doença mental materna, estilos parentais e suporte social: estudo das concepções de mães e adolescentes no interior de São Paulo
Authors: Ruzzi-Pereira Andrea , Santos Jair Lício Ferreira
Published: May 2016

A observação de mulheres nos serviços de saúde mental motivou o interesse em pesquisar como tais mães cuidam de seus filhos e como esses percebem os cuidados. Este estudo objetivou identificar associações entre práticas parentais de mães doentes mentais, suporte social e condições socioeconômicas; e verificar possíveis diferenças entre práticas parentais de mães doentes e mães saudáveis. Estudo de casos e controles, quantitativo. Participaram 41 mulheres doentes mentais e seus filhos adolescentes e 41 díades mãe-filho saudáveis. Observou-se maior insatisfação com o suporte social recebido pelas mães doentes, que nessas famílias os pais são menos responsivos do que os pais do grupo comparado; mães do grupo de comparação são mais exigentes e responsivas do que as do grupo de estudo; a situação econômica familiar também influencia no cuidado materno. Conclui-se que os transtornos de humor, em especial os transtornos depressivos e ansiosos, o suporte social recebido e condições financeiras influenciam nas ações de cuidado materno.
As dificuldades de adaptação do convívio social de pacientes portadores de HIV/AIDS
Authors: Kawagoe Jaqueline , Chaves Loide Corina , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Filipini Rosangela , Blake Márcia De Toledo , Camillo Simone De Oliveira
Published: May 2016

Estudo quantitativo de caráter descritivo, realizado na Unidade de Referência em Doenças Infecciosas Preveníveis da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, com objetivos de verificar os preconceitos que ainda existem em relação aos pacientes portadores do HIV ou com AIDS, bem como os motivos pelos quais existem; e de investigar as dificuldades de adaptação no convívio social de pacientes com AIDS. A amostra foi composta por 20 pacientes portadores de HIV/AIDS atendidos na Unidade de Doenças Infecciosas Preveníveis, que participaram da coleta de dados respondendo um questionário. A maior parte (11; 55%) dos entrevistados relatou repercussões em suas vidas após a descoberta da soropositividade, comumente no convívio social (amigos, família e serviços de saúde). Constatou-se que a falta de conhecimento sobre a doença é um fator determinante do preconceito. Neste estudo, pode-se constatar a existência de preconceito relacionado a pacientes soropositivos, mesmo após três décadas da primeira ocorrência de HIV/AIDS.
Desempenho acadêmico de estudantes do segundo segmento do ensino fundamental examinado por uma adaptação do wide range achievement test (WRAT 3)
Authors: Brito Gilberto N. O.
Published: May 2016

OBJETIVOS: examinar o desempenho acadêmico de escolares brasileiros do 6º. ao 9º. ano através de uma adaptação das formas Azul e Marrom do Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT3-TDA3). MÉTODO: o desempenho de 722 escolares (281 meninos e 441 meninas com idade média de 13,5 anos, DP= 1,4) foi avaliado. Os dados foram analisados através de uma análise multivariada de variância para determinar a relação entre o desempenho no Ditado, Aritmética e Leitura e características demográficas das crianças, história de repetência, dominância manual, e disfunção auditiva e visual. RESULTADOS: a forma do teste (Azul e Marrom) teve um efeito significativo e, por isso, os dados foram examinados separadamente para cada forma do TDA3. Demonstrou-se que o sexo, idade, etnia, ocupação materna e paterna, história de repetência e disfunção auditiva e visual estavam significativamente associados ao desempenho nos subtestes Ditado, Aritmética e Leitura de ambas as formas. Além disso, a idade e dominância manual apresentaram efeitos significativos no desempenho dos subtestes da forma Azul e escolares com disfunção auditiva ou visual mostraram um desempenho pior nos subtestes da forma Marrom em comparação com os escolares sem qualquer disfunção. CONCLUSÃO: é possível que o perfil do desempenho acadêmico dos escolares documentado no presente estudo esteja relacionado com aspectos fundamentais da linguagem e pesquisa nesta direção está atualmente em andamento.
Violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes: rede de apoio e superação
Authors: Rosa Edinete Maria , Lira Margaret Olinda de Souza Carvalho e
Published: May 2016

A presente investigação tem como objetivo principal, compreender o processo de superação de famílias envolvidas em episódios de violência intrafamiliar, contra seus filhos. Explora opiniões de autores acerca da importância da rede de apoio social e afetivo, na superação da violência, praticada por pais contra seus filhos. Apresenta resultados referentes a famílias residentes em Petrolina- PE, atendidas pelo Conselho Tutelar. Os dados foram coletados através de análise documental e estudo de caso. Os relatos das entrevistas foram tratados por análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Expressar como a violência ocorreu em cada família representou uma dificuldade para os participantes, existindo uma tendência dos autores em não admitir o fato. Encontrar uma motivação, que justificasse a prática de algum tipo de violência contra os filhos esteve presente nas falas dos entrevistados. Nas narrativas dos denunciantes, observou-se uma tendência em acusar o autor das agressões. A boa qualidade de atendimento do Conselho Tutelar foi referida pela maioria dos entrevistados, contudo, quanto aos serviços de apoio às famílias, percebeu-se uma desarticulação entre eles, refletindo na dificuldade de respostas às demandas geradas. A importância da participação da rede afetiva é mencionada como o principal mecanismo de proteção de que dispõem. Apontam como desafios na superação dos episódios vivenciados, as dificuldades de relacionamento entre autor e vitima e a falta de acompanhamento do Conselho Tutelar. Pretende-se contribuir para a efetivação dos direitos da criança e do adolescente, fornecendo elementos para a estruturação de redes de combate à violência intrafamiliar, e capacitação dos seus profissionais.
Avaliação das habilidades sociais de mães de crianças em tratamento de doenças onco-hematológicas
Authors: Kirchner Luziane De Fátima , Löhr Suzane Schmidlin , Guimarães Ana Tereza Bittencourt
Published: May 2016

A avaliação das habilidades sociais de mães de crianças em tratamento de doenças crônicas pode favorecer o planejamento de intervenções capazes de contribuir para a melhora da qualidade das relações estabelecidas entre a mãe e as pessoas que estão presentes durante o tratamento (a própria criança, profissionais da saúde, outras mães), propiciando assim uma maior adesão da criança ao tratamento. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise descritiva das respostas relativas às habilidades sociais de mães de crianças entre cinco a onze anos, portadoras de doenças onco-hematológicas e que apresentam bom nível de adesão ao tratamento médico. A adesão ao tratamento foi medida inicialmente com 25 díades (mãe-crianca) pelo instrumento JAT-DH e as respostas maternas relacionadas às habilidades sociais foram levantadas pelo questionário "Se...você...", com as 20 díades que indicaram bom nível de adesão da criança ao tratamento. O questionário "Se...você..." enfocou predominantemente as classes de empatia e assertividade, em nove situações conflitivas do tratamento distribuídas em interação com a criança, a equipe médica e outros. Os dados indicaram a predominância de respostas assertivas+empáticas na interação com a criança, respostas não assertivas seguidas de respostas assertivas na interação com a equipe médica e não assertivas, assertivas e assertivas+empáticas na interação com outros. A discrepância entre as respostas confirmam que a avaliação das habilidades sociais deve ser realizada situacionalmente.
Extreme-ultraviolet collector mirror measurement using large reflectometer at NewSUBARU synchrotron facility
Authors: Iguchi Haruki , Hashimoto Hiraku , Kuki Masaki , Harada Tetsuo , Kinoshita Hiroo , Watanabe Takeo , Platonov Yuriy Y. , Kriese Michael D. , Rodriguez Jim R.
Published: May 2016

In extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, the development of high-power EUV sources is one of the critical issues. The EUV output power directly depends on the collector mirror performance. Furthermore, mirrors with large diameters are necessary to achieve high collecting performance and take sufficient distance to prevent heat and debris from a radiation point of the source. Thus collector mirror development with accurate reflectometer is important. We have developed a large reflectometer at BL-10 beamline of the NewSUBARU synchrotron facility that can be used for mirrors with diameters, thicknesses, and weights of up to 800 mm, 250 mm, and 50 kg, respectively. This reflectometer can measure reflectivity with fully s-polarized EUV light. In this study, we measured the reflectance of a 412-mm-diameter EUV collector mirror using a maximum incident angle of 36°. We obtained the peak reflectance, center wavelength and reflection bandwidth results and compared our results with Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt results.
Fabrication of CuO-based antireflection structures using self-arranged submicron SiO2 spheres for thermoelectric solar generation
Authors: Kondo Tasuku , Mizoshiri Mizue , Mikami Masashi , Itou Yoshitaka , Sakurai Junpei , Hata Seiichi
Published: May 2016

We fabricated antireflection structures (ARSs) on the hot side of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to absorb near-infrared (NIR) solar light with low reflective energy loss. First, the ARSs, composed of a CuO thin-film coated hemisphere array were designed using rigorous coupled wave analysis. Reflective loss was reduced to 6.7% at a grating period of 200 nm, as determined by simulation. Then, the ARSs were fabricated on a glass substrate using self-arranged submicron SiO2 spheres, following the coating of a CuO thin film. Finally, the effect of the ARSs on NIR solar light generation was investigated by evaluating the generation properties of the TEG with the ARSs on the hot side. In comparison with the TEG with the CuO flat thin film on the hot side, the ARSs increased the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides by approximately 1.4 times. The CuO-based ARSs absorbed NIR solar light effectively.
Widespread Micropapular Eruption
Authors: Lee Chun Hei , Mow Christopher , Lee Senhong
Published: September 2024

A male individual in his 20s presented with a widespread papular eruption starting at age 2 years. What is your diagnosis?
Deconstructing the Construction of Value in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Lloyd E. Caitlin , Steinglass Joanna E. , Foerde Karin E.
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint describes the importance of understanding the neurocomputational mechanisms by which individuals with anorexia nervosa assign value to food.
Geometric evaluation and quantifying dosimetric impact of diverse deformable image registration algorithms on abdomen images with biomechanically modeled deformations
Authors: Liu Yilin , Zhang Pengpeng , Hong Jun , Alam Sadegh , Kuo LiCheng , Hu Yu‐chi , Lu Wei , Cerviño Laura
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Deformable image registration (DIR) has been increasingly used in radiation therapy (RT). The accuracy of DIR algorithms and how it impacts on the RT plan dosimetrically were examined in our study for abdominal sites using biomechanically modeled deformations.

Methods

Five pancreatic cancer patients were enrolled in this study. Following the guidelines of AAPM TG‐132, a patient‐specific quality assurance (QA) workflow was developed to evaluate DIR for the abdomen using the TG‐132 recommended virtual simulation software ImSimQA (Shrewsbury, UK). First, the planning CT was deformed to simulate respiratory motion using the embedded biomechanical model in ImSimQA. Additionally, 5 mm translational motion was added to the stomach, duodenum, and small bowel. The original planning CT and the deformed CT were then imported into Eclipse and MIM to perform DIR. The output displacement vector fields (DVFs) were compared with the ground truth from ImSimQA. Furthermore, the original treatment plan was recalculated on the ground‐truth deformed CT and the deformed CT (with Eclipse and MIM DVF). The dose errors were calculated on a voxel‐to‐voxel basis.

Results

Data analysis comparing DVF from Eclipse versus MIM show the average mean DVF magnitude errors of 2.8 ± 1.0  versus 1.1 ± 0.7 mm for stomach and duodenum, 5.2 ± 4.0  versus 2.5 ± 1.0 mm for small bowel, and 4.8 ± 4.1  versus 2.7 ± 1.1 mm for the gross tumor volume (GTV), respectively, across all patients. The mean dose error on stomach+duodenum and small bowel were 2.3 ± 0.6% for Eclipse, and 1.0 ± 0.3% for MIM. As the DIR magnitude error increases, the dose error range increase, for both Eclipse and MIM.

Conclusion

In our study, an initial assessment was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of DIR and its dosimetric impact on radiotherapy. A patient‐specific DIR QA workflow was developed for pancreatic cancer patients. This workflow exhibits promising potential for future implementation as a clinical workflow.
Unlocking Fast Ionic Transport in Sub‐Nano Channels of MOF‐Based Electrolytes for Next‐Generation Batteries
Authors: Wang Tuo , Yuan Hao , Wang Haimei , Guo Yue , Yang Jing , Liu Ximeng , Liu Binbin , Wang Xingyang , Kirk Chin Ho , Sun Jianguo , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Wang John
Published: September 2024

Incorporating appropriate molecules into ordered porous framework materials plays a pivotal role in modulating their physicochemical properties and dynamic behaviors. Such frameworked materials are also applicable for the preparation of solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) with altered electrochemical performance. In this work, MOF (Metal‐Organic Framework)‐based frameworked electrolytes (FEs) are prepared by the introduction of conductive ion‐molecule complexes and have investigated the electrochemical behaviors. The angstrom‐level pores in the framework enable efficient interactions with the complexes and participation in ion transportation by altering the coordinating environments of Li+ ions. As a result, the activated MOF‐based SSE exhibits an impressive ionic conductivity of 4.0×10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature (RT), along with a notably reduced activation energy of 0.12 eV at 350 K. The MOF‐based FE has been applied to Li /FE /LiFePO4 batteries, which exhibit excellent long‐cycling performance with virtually no capacity loss over 1000 cycles at the current density of 2 C at RT. The novel Li+ transport mechanisms where ion‐molecules would actively participate in the interactions between the framework and Li+ ions, not only present a new strategy for enhancing the ion transport kinetics, but also deliver outstanding electrochemical performance promising for next‐generation batteries.
A Dual Gelation Strategy Under Gravity‐Enhanced Orientation to Construct Super‐Strong and Tough Bacterial Cellulose Phase Change Fiber for Wearable Heat Supply
Authors: Zhang Dong , Liang Qianqian , Zhang Tao , Guan Mengyao , Wang Huaping , Chen Shiyan
Published: September 2024

The development of wearable heat supply textiles in cold conditions utilizing the photothermal conversion effect is crucial for the advancement of wearable thermal management textiles that do not require any power supply connection or other external energy input. Here, a dual gelation strategy under gravity‐enhanced orientation is proposed to construct super‐strong bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogel fiber using BC as the matrix material and hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (HCNT) as the photothermal conversion material. Under the assistance of orientation property and dual network structure with soft–hard synergy, the silanized BC/HCNT (SBT) aerogel fiber has rich network, tensile strength up to 26.0 MPa, flexibilityand knittability. Thanks to the enhanced network backbone, after the introduction of the phase change material eicosane in SBT aerogel fiber (SBTE), the SBTE fiber achieves high enthalpy of 105 J g−1, low leakage, storage stabilityand super‐strong and tough mechanical properties of 23.9 MPa and 8.7 MJ m−3, while maintaining flexibility, knittabilityand hydrophobicity. The textile woven by SBTE fiber also exhibits a long‐lasting heat supply capacity at low temperatures and under real‐world conditions. Therefore, the finely designed SBTE fiber has the potential to be used in solar‐driven wearable heat supply textiles in cold weather.
Tailoring Electron‐Rich Fluorescent Supramolecular Organic Frameworks for Efficient Capture and Visual Monitoring of Iodine
Authors: Li Qiang , Guo Wenfeng , Wang Zijian , Tan Li‐Li , Shang Li
Published: September 2024

The efficient capture and monitor of radioactive iodine are crucial for managing radioactive nuclear waste and protecting human health. Herein, three metal–organic coordination compound‐mediated supramolecular organic frameworks (MSOFs) are reported with distinct electron‐rich structures for efficient iodine capture with fluorescence response. The electron‐rich adsorption sites play crucial roles for electron‐deficient iodine capture via charge transfer interactions, where π donors contribute greater than nitrogen heteroatom. Among three MSOFs, MSOF‐3 with the maximum numbers of electron‐rich π donors exhibited the highest iodine uptake capacity (3.70 g mmol−1). Prominently, the charge transfer interactions between iodine and MSOFs result in distinct fluorescence response during iodine uptake, establishing a real‐time fluorescence monitoring system. To facilitate the personal health protection toward practical application, a mask with high iodine removal efficiency (99.1%) and real‐time fluorescence response is successfully developed. This study underscores the great promise of electron‐rich fluorescent MSOFs for capture and sensing of radioactive iodine, offering substantial prospects for the advance of protective equipment in the nuclear industry.
A Biphasic Membraneless Zinc‐Iodine Battery with High Volumetric Capacity
Authors: Zou Jiawei , Wang Guotao , Lin Shiyu , Yang Han , Ma Xinxi , Ji Huajian , Zhu Siao , Lyu Yimeng , Wang Chao , Zhou Yunlei , He Qiong , Wang Qianhui , Gao Fei , Zhang Zhen , Hao Tianqi , Wang Zhoulu , Zhang Yi , Liu Xiang , Wu Yutong
Published: September 2024

As one of the latest research directions, membraneless batteries provide an economical solution to redox flow batteries. Advances in electrolyte and device design have promoted membraneless batteries from microfluidic demonstration to systems with stimulated modes and considerable electrochemical properties. However, the achieved cycling volumetric capacity is typically limited. Herein, a biphasic membraneless zinc‐iodine battery (Z|T‐I) is proposed, through optimized Zn growth, the Z|T‐I battery achieved a volumetric capacity of 8.93 Ah L−1 for 100 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.49% (2300 h), the deep cycling exhibited a volumetric capacity of 21.7 Ah L−1 (50.43 Wh L−1 based on typical membraneless battery calculation, 1200 h); both values are the highest among single/biphasic membraneless batteries using liquid active materials with/out stimulations (<6.6 Ah L−1) reported so far based on the total electrolyte volume. A thorough analysis of Zn growth in Zn‐Br2/I2 electrolytes with various testing conditions provided direct evidence of the contrasting Zn electrodeposition morphologies at both macro and micro scales. The biphasic ZnI2 battery design strategy gives insights into optimizing material crossover/spatial utilization and electrolyte interfacial stability to realize a scalable membraneless energy storage system with a reduced cost.
Synthesis of 3,5‐Dialkoxy‐1,2‐dioxolanes by Alkoxyperoxidation of 1,3‐Diketones with Hydrogen Peroxide and Alcohols
Authors: Radulov Peter S. , Skokova Ksenia V. , Dmitrieva Viktoria E. , Fomenkov Dmitri I. , Krylov Igor B. , Ilovaisky Alexey I. , Yaremenko Ivan A. , Terent'ev Alexander O.
Published: September 2024

A three‐component reaction of 1,3‐diketones with H2O2 and alcohols was discovered. 3,5‐Dialkoxy‐1,2‐dioxolanes are formed in yields ranging from 13% to 83% using an excess of acids such as H2SO4, MeHSO3, p‐TsOH⋅H2O or BF3⋅Et2O. This reaction proceeds with the formation of 3,5‐dialkoxy‐1,2‐dioxolanes despite the diversity of possible reaction pathways leading to different types of peroxides, oligomers, polymers or hydrolysis. 3,5‐Dimethoxy‐1,2‐dioxolanes exhibit high activity against phytopathogenic fungi.
Human Tendon‐on‐Chip: Unveiling the Effect of Core Compartment‐T Cell Spatiotemporal Crosstalk at the Onset of Tendon Inflammation
Authors: Bakht Syeda M. , Pardo Alberto , Gomez‐Florit Manuel , Caballero David , Kundu Subhas C. , Reis Rui L. , Domingues Rui M. A. , Gomes Manuela E.
Published: September 2024

The lack of representative in vitro models recapitulating human tendon (patho)physiology is among the major factors hindering consistent progress in the knowledge‐based development of adequate therapies for tendinopathy.Here, an organotypic 3D tendon‐on‐chip model is designed that allows studying the spatiotemporal dynamics of its cellular and molecular mechanisms.Combining the synergistic effects of a bioactive hydrogel matrix with the biophysical cues of magnetic microfibers directly aligned on the microfluidic chip, it is possible to recreate the anisotropic architecture, cell patterns, and phenotype of tendon intrinsic (core) compartment. When incorporated with vascular‐like vessels emulating the interface between its intrinsic‐extrinsic compartments, crosstalk with endothelial cells are found to drive stromal tenocytes toward a reparative profile. This platform is further used to study adaptive immune cell responses at the onset of tissue inflammation, focusing on interactions between tendon compartment tenocytes and circulating T cells.The proinflammatory signature resulting from this intra/inter‐cellular communication induces the recruitment of T cells into the inflamed core compartment and confirms the involvement of this cellular crosstalk in positive feedback loops leading to the amplification of tendon inflammation.Overall, the developed 3D tendon‐on‐chip provides a powerful new tool enabling mechanistic studies on the pathogenesis of tendinopathy as well as for assessing new therapies.
Biomechanics on Ultra‐Sensitivity of Venus Flytrap's Micronewton Trigger Hairs
Authors: Wang Kejun , Chen Siyuan , Bao Guanyu , Sun Tao , Zhang Junqiu , Chen Daobing , Sun Lining , Han Zhiwu , Liu Chao , Wang Qian
Published: September 2024

Numerous plants evolve ingeniously microcantilever‐based hairs to ultra‐sensitively detect out‐of‐plane quasi‐static tactile loads, providing a natural blueprint for upgrading the industrial static mode microcantilever sensors, but how do the biological sensory hairs work mechanically? Here, the action potential‐producing trigger hairs of carnivorous Venus flytraps (Dionaea muscipula) are investigated in detail from biomechanical perspective. Under tiny mechanical stimulation, the deformable trigger hair, composed of distal stiff lever and proximal flexible podium, will lead to rapid trap closure and prey capture. The multiple features determining the sensitivity such as conical morphology, multi‐scale functional structures, kidney‐shaped sensory cells, and combined deformation under tiny mechanical stimulation are comprehensively researched. Based on materials mechanics, finite element simulation, and bio‐inspired original artificial sensors, it is verified that the omnidirectional ultra‐sensitivity of trigger hair is attributed to the stiff‐flexible coupling of material, the double stress concentration, the circular distribution of sensory cells, and the positive local buckling. Also, the balance strategy of slender hair between sensitivity and structural stability (i.e., avoiding disastrous collapse) is detailed revealed. The unique basic biomechanical mechanism underlying trigger hairs is essential for significantly enhancing the performance of the traditional industrial static mode microcantilever sensors, and ensure the stability of arbitrary load perception.
An Engineered Hierarchical Hydrogel with Immune Responsiveness and Targeted Mitochondrial Transfer to Augmented Bone Regeneration
Authors: Cai Wenjin , Mao Shihua , Wang Ying , Gao Bicong , Zhao Jiaying , Li Yongzheng , Chen Yani , Zhang Dong , Yang Jintao , Yang Guoli
Published: September 2024

Coordinating the immune response and bioenergy metabolism in bone defect environments is essential for promoting bone regeneration. Mitochondria are important organelles that control internal balance and metabolism. Repairing dysfunctional mitochondria has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for disease intervention. Here, an engineered hierarchical hydrogel with immune responsiveness can adapt to the bone regeneration environment and mediate the targeted mitochondria transfer between cells. The continuous supply of mitochondria by macrophages can restore the mitochondrial bioenergy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC). Fundamentally solving the problem of insufficient energy support of BMSCs caused by local inflammation during bone repair and regeneration. This discovery provides a new therapeutic strategy for promoting bone regeneration and repair, which has research value and practical application prospects in the treatment of various diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Abnormal Cellular Populations Shape Thymic Epithelial Tumor Heterogeneity and Anti‐Tumor by Blocking Metabolic Interactions in Organoids
Authors: Liu Xuefei , Wang Changchun , Huang Yueyu , Lv Qiaoli , Yu Chang , Ying Jianghua , Duan Lianhui , Guo Yangzhong , Huang Guanyin , Shen Wenhui , Jiang Ming , Mao Weimin , Zuo Zhixiang , Zhao An
Published: September 2024

A variety of abnormal epithelial cells and immature and mature immune cells in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) affect histopathological features, the degree of malignancy, and the response to treatment. Here, gene expression, trajectory inference, and T cell antigen receptor (TCR)‐based lineage tracking are profiled in TETs at single‐cell resolution. An original subpopulation of KRT14+ progenitor cells with a spindle cell phenotype is shown. An abnormal infiltration of immature T cells with a TCR hyper‐rearrangement state is revealed, due to the lack of CCL21+ medullary epithelial cells. For thymic carcinoma, the novel biomarkers of MSLN, CCL20, and SLC1A5 are identified and observed an elevated expression of LAG3 and HAVCR2 in malignant tumorn‐infiltrating mature T cells. These common features based on the single‐cell populations may inform pathological reclassification of TETs. Meanwhile, it is found that macrophages (MACs) attract thymic tumor cells through the LGALS9‐SLC1A5 axis, providing them with glutamine to elicit metabolic reprogramming. This MAC‐based metabolic pattern can promote malignancy progression. Additionally, an interactive immune environment in TETs is identified that correlates with the infiltration of abnormal FOXI1+ CFTR− ionocytes. Collectively, the data broaden the knowledge of TET cellular ecosystems, providing a basis for tackling histopathological diagnosis and related treatment.
Atomistic Compositional Details and Their Importance for Spin Qubits in Isotope‐Purified Silicon Quantum Wells
Authors: Klos Jan , Tröger Jan , Keutgen Jens , Losert Merritt P. , Abrosimov Nikolay V. , Knoch Joachim , Bracht Hartmut , Coppersmith Susan N. , Friesen Mark , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Schreiber Lars R. , Bougeard Dominique
Published: September 2024

Understanding crystal characteristics down to the atomistic level increasingly emerges as a crucial insight for creating solid state platforms for qubits with reproducible and homogeneous properties. Here, isotope concentration depth profiles in a SiGe/28Si/SiGe heterostructure are analyzed with atom probe tomography (APT) and time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry down to their respective limits of isotope concentrations and depth resolution. Spin‐echo dephasing times and valley energy splittings EVS around have been observed for single spin qubits in this quantum well (QW) heterostructure, pointing toward the suppression of qubit decoherence through hyperfine interaction with crystal host nuclear spins or via scattering between valley states. The concentration of nuclear spin‐carrying 29Si is 50 ± 20ppm in the 28Si QW. The resolution limits of APT allow to uncover that both the SiGe/28Si and the 28Si/SiGe interfaces of the QW are shaped by epitaxial growth front segregation signatures on a few monolayer scale. A subsequent thermal treatment, representative of the thermal budget experienced by the heterostructure during qubit device processing, broadens the top SiGe/28Si QW interface by about two monolayers, while the width of the bottom 28Si/SiGe interface remains unchanged. Using a tight‐binding model including SiGe alloy disorder, these experimental results suggest that the combination of the slightly thermally broadened top interface and of a minimal Ge concentration of % in the QW, resulting from segregation, is instrumental for the observed large . Minimal Ge additions <1%, which get more likely in thin QWs, will hence support high EVS without compromising coherence times. At the same time, taking thermal treatments during device processing as well as the occurrence of crystal growth characteristics into account seems important for the design of reproducible qubit properties.
Robotic esophagectomy with function‐preserving radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Kalayarasan Raja , Sai Krishna Pothugunta
Published: September 2024

Radical lymphadenectomy is the critical component of surgery for esophageal cancer. However, lymphadenectomy significantly contributes to postoperative morbidity, particularly in terms of pulmonary complications following esophagectomy. Function‐preserving mediastinal lymphadenectomy seeks to balance the procedure's necessary radicality and optimal functional outcomes. This approach emphasizes the preservation of the thoracic duct, tracheobronchial vascularity, and the pulmonary and recurrent laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve. Preservation of the thoracic duct is facilitated by indocyanine green fluorescence. Compared to the conventional technique of thoracic duct identification using anatomical landmarks, indocyanine green fluorescence lymphangiography offers real‐time feedback, making it particularly advantageous in cases with complex anatomy or when the thoracic duct is challenging to visualize using conventional methods. Preservation of pulmonary branches of the right vagus during subcarinal lymphadenectomy and left recurrent laryngeal nerve during left paratracheal node dissection are technically challenging. The description of two types of left recurrent laryngeal nerve node dissection and technical tips for nerve function preservation are outlined in this review. Intraoperative neuromonitoring is a useful adjunct for nerve‐sparing mediastinal lymphadenectomy. As ischemia to the respiratory tract impairs respiratory protective mechanisms, preservation of the tracheobronchial blood supply is critical. Preoperative imaging to detect bronchial artery anatomical variations and intraoperative assessment of perfusion using laser doppler flowmetry and indocyanine green fluorescence angiography are useful strategies to minimize tracheobronchial ischemia. Function‐preserving mediastinal lymphadenectomy has the potential to improve short‐ and long‐term outcomes after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
2D Gauss Diffraction Gratings
Authors: Citrin D. S.
Published: September 2024

2D diffraction gratings based on Gauss lattices are a class of nonperiodic lattice in which the sites are located at with , , and orthogonal primitive vectors in the plane, and the lattice constant. Gauss lattices are treated for various orders , and discuss applications for gratings separable in the and directions. These gratings, while geometrically very simple, produce complex pseudorandom diffraction patterns, though they exhibit rotational invariance and strong correlations along the and directions. Then how to generalize the approach is discussed to attain nonseparable gratings where such features are suppressed. The result is an intensity distribution like that of diffuse light, the effect originating in the breaking of the hidden translational invariance of the Gauss lattice.
In‐situ Forming Multipolymeric Glucose‐Responsive Hydrogels
Authors: Saha Sunita , Ali Akbar , Saroj Saroj , Jinagal Dharmesh , Rakshit Tatini , Pal Suchetan
Published: September 2024

Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels (HGs) have shown promise for smart drug delivery applications. Specifically, glucose‐responsive HGs having phenylboronic acid (PBA) functional groups are extensively pursued for insulin delivery in hyperglycemia. Current polymeric glucose‐responsive HGs are cumbersome to fabricate and show a limited insulin release profile. Herein, we develop a straightforward fabrication of glucose‐responsive multipolymer HGs (MPHGs) using a three‐component in situ mixing. Molecular cargo, such as insulin, was loaded during the gelation. Heterobifunctional formylphenylboronic acid (FPBA) crosslinkers were used to interconnect polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) via boronate ester and imine bonds, respectively. Three positional isomers of FPBA (2FPBA, 3FPBA, and 4FPBA) resulted in HGs with distinct viscoelastic behaviors under the same conditions. HGs derived from 4FPBA exhibited more solid‐like properties compared to 2FPBA and 3FPBA due to a higher crosslinking density. All the HGs exhibited glucose‐responsive dissolution and release of embedded insulin cargo without disrupting the native structure. Insulin release profiles show a higher glucose‐responsive release from 4FPBA‐derived MPHGs. All the HGs were injectable, self‐healing, and noncytotoxic below 10 μg/ml concentrations. The MPHGs developed in this study uncover new directions in creating glucose‐responsive matrices for self‐regulating drug delivery applications. In the future, detailed in vivo studies will be performed for clinical applications.
Rice straw waste‐based green synthesis and characterizations investigation of Fe‐MoS2‐derived nanohybrid
Authors: Singh Anjali , Himanshu Magan , Verma Bhawna , Syed Asad , Elgorban Abdallah M. , Wong Ling Shing , Lal Basant , Singh Rajeev , Srivastava Neha
Published: September 2024

In present work, synthesis of a nanohybrid material using Fe and MoS2 has been performed via a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly route for sustainable manufacturing innovation. Rice straw extract was prepared and used as a reducing and chelating agent to synthesize the nanohybrid material by mixing it with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and ferric nitrate [Fe (NO3)3.9H2O], followed by heating and calcination. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the formation of a nanohybrid consisting of monoclinic Fe2(MoO4)3, cubic Fe2.957O4, and orthorhombic FeS with 86% consisting of Fe2(MoO4)3. The properties were analyzed through Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of the dynamic light scattering (DLS) study revealed a heterogeneous size distribution, with an average particle size of 48.42 nm for 18% of particles and 384.54 nm for 82% of particles. Additionally, the zeta potential was measured to be −18.88 mV, suggesting moderate stability. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the presence of both Fe2+ and Fe3+ oxidation states along with the presence of Molybdenum (Mo), oxygen (O), and Sulphur (S). The prepared nanohybrid material exhibited a band gap of 2.95 eV, and the photoluminescence intensity increased almost twice that of bare MoS2. The present work holds potential applications in photo luminescent nanoplatform for biomedical applications.
Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Senna auriculata flower extract for antibacterial activities
Authors: Renuka Rethinavelu , Thilagavathi Thirugnanam , Dhanalakshmi Adaikkalam , Uthrakumar Ramamurthy , Kaviyarasu Kasinathan , Yewale Manesh Ashok , Alsawat Mohammed , Al Qahtani Hassan S. , Alam Mir Waqas
Published: September 2024

In this study, biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Senna auriculata flower extract for antibacterial activities was reported. The silver spectra compared to the plant extract show a rightward shift in AgNP peaks, indicating successful nanoparticle formation. The absorption band at 302 nm and the disappearance or shift of other peaks further confirm the synthesis. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the AgNPs synthesized with S. auriculata extract have an average crystallite size of 25 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results exhibited a polydispersed, spherical shape with sizes ranging from 70 nm, in clear contrast to the electron microscope image that showed their spherical shape. When examining the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) image, a specific set of lattice planes was correlated with a specific spot. A histogram of AgNP particle size distribution can be seen. AgNPs were tested against four different strains of bacteria for their antibacterial effectiveness, including gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus), as well as gram positive bacteria (S. aureus, d. Bacillus subtilis), at various concentrations of AgNP. The results of in vitro experiments indicate that AgNPs containing S. auriculata flowers inhibit amylase well. At two concentrations, ~16.03% and ~70.99%, AgNPs inhibit the reaction at low and high concentrations, respectively.
Effect of Tetrapropylammonium Chloride Quaternary Ammonium Salt on Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Properties of PLA/PEG Electrospun Mat
Authors: Şener Sena Özdil , Samatya Yilmaz Sema , Doganci Merve Dandan , Doganci Erdinc
Published: September 2024

In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)–tetrapropylammonium chloride (TCL)–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) nonwoven networks were produced using PLA, PEG with different concentrations (3, 5, 7, and 9 wt%), and TCL. PEG is included as a plasticizer in PLA polymer, which has high biocompatibility but a brittle structure. The importance of this study is to investigate the effect of TCL salt on the characterization of PLA–PEG nanofibers. For this research, the cytotoxicity test system responsible for the fibroblast cell line (L929) was evaluated with the liquid absorption capacity (LAC) and drying time tests for its use in wound dressings. The addition of TCL salt reduced bead formation in PLA–PEG nanofibers and increased the homogeneity of fiber dispersion. The smoothest and most homogeneous nonwoven networks were obtained as PLA–5TCL–PEG. It was also reported that this nonwoven network exhibited liquid absorption behavior with a maximum increase of 150% compared to the PLA–PEG nonwoven network and had the highest Young's modulus value of 12.97 MPa. In addition to these tests, evaluations were made with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), drying time test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical tests. In addition, high cell viability was observed in L292 mouse fibroblast cells at the end of the 24th hour, again with the effect of TCL salt. In addition, antibacterial activity was tested against gram‐negative E. coli and gram‐positive S. aureus bacteria, and it was observed that there was no antibacterial activity. Since PLA–TCL–PEG nonwoven webs have a maximum cell viability of 133.27%, they are recommended as a potential dermal wound dressing.
Biosynthesis of nonnutritive monosaccharide d‐allulose by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli from nutritive disaccharide sucrose
Authors: Zheng Ling‐Jie , Chen Wei‐Xiang , Zheng Shang‐He , Ullah Irfan , Zheng Hui‐Dong , Fan Li‐Hai , Guo Qiang
Published: September 2024

Sucrose is a commonly utilized nutritive sweetener in food and beverages due to its abundance in nature and low production costs. However, excessive intake of sucrose increases the risk of metabolic disorders, including diabetes and obesity. Therefore, there is a growing demand for the development of nonnutritive sweeteners with almost no calories. d‐Allulose is an ultra‐low‐calorie, rare six‐carbon monosaccharide with high sweetness, making it an ideal alternative to sucrose. In this study, we developed a cell factory for d‐allulose production from sucrose using Escherichia coli JM109 (DE3) as a chassis host. The genes cscA, cscB, cscK, alsE, and a6PP were co‐expressed for the construction of the synthesis pathway. Then, the introduction of ptsG‐F and knockout of ptsG, fruA, ptsI, and ptsH to reprogram sugar transport pathways resulted in an improvement in substrate utilization. Next, the carbon fluxes of the Embden‐Meyerhof‐Parnas and the pentose phosphate pathways were regulated by the inactivation of pfkA and zwf, achieving an increase in d‐allulose titer and yield of 154.2% and 161.1%, respectively. Finally, scaled‐up fermentation was performed in a 5 L fermenter. The titer of d‐allulose reached 11.15 g/L, with a yield of 0.208 g/g on sucrose.
Molecular Docking and Antibacterial Activity of Campesterol Derivatives Against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Multiresistant Strains
Authors: de Morais Oliveira‐Tintino Cícera D. , da Silva Francisco E. F. , Santiago Gilvandete M. P. , das C. L. Pinto Francisco , Pessoa Otília D. L. , da Fonseca Aluísio M. , Paulo Cícera L. R. , dos Santos Hélcio S. , Marinho Marcia M. , dos Santos Jaqueline L. , Moura Talysson F. , Freitas Priscilla R. , de Araújo Ana C. J. , de Almeida Ray S. , Tintino Saulo R. , Coutinho Henrique D. M.
Published: September 2024

This work describes the evaluation the potentiating activity of antibiotics by campesterol (1) and its derivatives (2–11) against multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus 10, Escherichia coli 06 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 24 employing the microdilution test. When subjected to the in vitro potentiating activity bioassay, all compounds showed a potentiating effect associated with norfloxacin against E. coli and P. aeruginosa with a reduction in the MIC of the antibiotic of up to 75 %. These compounds also reduced the MIC of gentamicin by 37 % to 87 % in S. aureus and E. coli. Additionally, molecular docking studies were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the interactions between the appropriate proteins and the most effective compounds (2, 4, 9, and 10 against E. coli; 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 9 against S. aureus), including antibiotics. This paper registers for the first time the in vitro and in silico studies on the action of compounds 1–11 in antibiotic potentiation.
Regulatory Mechanism of Autophagy in Premature Ovarian Failure
Authors: Ding Ziwen , Shao Genbao , Li Mingyang
Published: September 2024

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is intricately linked to cellular fates such as senescence, apoptosis, and impaired granulosa cell (GC) differentiation, each of which contributes to ovarian dysfunction and follicular depletion. Autophagy is essential in preventing POF by maintaining cellular homeostasis through the degradation and recycling of damaged organelles and proteins, thereby preserving ovarian function and preventing follicular depletion. Recent studies have revealed that the targeted regulation and disruption of autophagy through various molecular mechanisms ultimately lead to the pathogenesis of POF. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the disruption in regulatory mechanisms of autophagy contributing to POF. Specifically, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms that can be targeted to restore autophagy homeostasis, offering therapeutic potential for the treatment of POF.
Copper Complexes with Protein‐Based N‐Donor Ligands as cis‐Selective Nascent Cyclopropanases
Authors: Fujieda Nobutaka , Matsuo Atsuki , Itoh Shinobu
Published: September 2024

In this study, we aimed to develop protein‐based metal ligands to catalyze cis‐selective cyclopropanation using the TM1459 cupin protein superfamily. Copper complexes with TM1459 mutants containing the 3‐His metal‐binding site exhibited excellent diastereoselectivity in cyclopropanation reactions with styrene and ethyl diazoacetate. Further mutations in the secondary coordination sphere increased the cis‐preference with t‐butyl diazoacetate as the substrate with up to 80 : 20 (cis:trans ratio) and high enantioselectivity (90 % ee).
Spectroscopic Properties and Reactivity of a MnIII‐Hydroperoxo Complex that is Stable at Room Temperature
Authors: Grotemeyer Elizabeth N. , Aghaei Zahra , Jackson Timothy A.
Published: September 2024

Manganese catalysts that activate hydrogen peroxide have seen increased use in organic transformations, such as olefin epoxidation and alkane C−H bond oxidation. Proposed mechanisms for these catalysts involve the formation and activation of MnIII‐hydroperoxo intermediates. Examples of well‐defined MnIII‐hydroperoxo complexes are rare, and the properties of these species are often inferred from MnIII‐alkylperoxo analogues. In this study, we show that the reaction of the MnIII‐hydroxo complex [MnIII(OH)(6Medpaq)]+ (1) with hydrogen peroxide and acid results in the formation of a dark‐green MnIII‐hydroperoxo species [MnIII(OOH)(6Medpaq)]+ (2). The formulation of 2 is based on electronic absorption, 1H NMR, IR, and ESI‐MS data. The thermal decay of 2 follows a first order process, and variable‐temperature kinetic studies of the decay of 2 yielded activation parameters that could be compared with those of a MnIII‐alkylperoxo analogue. Complex 2 reacts with the hydrogen‐atom donor TEMPOH two‐fold faster than the MnIII‐hydroxo complex 1. Complex 2 also oxidizes PPh3, and this MnIII‐hydroperoxo species is 600‐fold more reactive with this substrate than its MnIII‐alkylperoxo analogue [MnIII(OOtBu)(6Medpaq)]+. DFT and time‐dependent (TD) DFT computations are used to compare the electronic structure of 2 with similar MnIII‐hydroperoxo and MnIII‐alkylperoxo complexes.
Factors Affecting Liquid‐Liquid Phase Separation of RGG Peptides with DNA G‐Quadruplex
Authors: Shil Sumit , Tsuruta Mitsuki , Kawauchi Keiko , Miyoshi Daisuke
Published: September 2024

Liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS), mediated by G‐quadruplexes (G4 s) and intrinsically disordered proteins, particularly those containing RGG domains, plays a critical role in cellular processes and diseases. However, the molecular mechanism and the role of individual amino acid residues of the protein in LLPS with G4 (G4‐LLPS) are still unknown. Here, we systematically designed peptides and investigated the roles of arginine residues in G4‐LLPS. It was found that the FMRP‐derived RGG peptide induced LLPS with G4‐forming Myc‐DNA, whereas a point‐mutated peptide, in which all arginine residues were replaced with lysine, was unable to undergo LLPS, indicating the importance of arginine residues. Moreover, systematically truncated peptides showed that at least five positive net charges of peptide are required to induce G4‐LLPS. Furthermore, quantitative investigation demonstrated that the higher binding affinity of peptides with G4 led to a higher LLPS ability, whereas threshold of the binding affinity for undergoing LLPS was identified. These insights elucidate the pivotal role of arginine in G4‐LLPS and the specific requirement for multiple arginine residues, contributing to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between intrinsically disordered proteins and nucleic acids.