bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability and bifurcation of annular electro-thermo-convection
Authors: Luo Kang , Jiang Hao-Kui , Wu Jian , Zhang Mengqi , Yi Hong-Liang
Published: July 2023

We numerically investigated the global linear instability and bifurcations in electro-thermo-convection (ETC) of a dielectric liquid confined in a two-dimensional (2-D) concentric annulus subjected to a strong unipolar injection. Seven kinds of solutions exist in this ETC system due to the complex bifurcations, i.e. saddle-node, subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcations. These bifurcation routes constitute at most four solution branches. Global linear instability analysis and energy analysis were conducted to explain the instability mechanism and transition of different solutions and to predict the local instability regions. The linearized lattice Boltzmann method (LLBM) for global linear instability analysis, first proposed by Pérezet al.(Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn., vol. 31, 2017, pp. 643–664) to analyse incompressible flows, was extended here to solve the whole set of coupled linear equations, including the linear Navier–Stokes equations, the linear energy equation, Poisson's equation and the linear charge conservation equation. A multiscale analysis was also performed to recover the macroscopic linearized Navier–Stokes equations from the four different discrete lattice Boltzmann equations (LBEs). The LLBM was validated by calculating the linear critical value of 2-D natural convection; it has an error of 1.39% compared with the spectral method. Instability with global travelling wave behaviour is a unique behaviour in the annulus configuration electrothermohydrodynamic system, which may be caused by the baroclinity. Finally, the chaotic behaviour was quantitatively analysed through calculation of the fractal dimension and Lyapunov exponent.
Military Repression and Restraint in Algeria
Authors: GREWAL SHARAN
Published: July 2023

The Algerian military’s response to the 2019–2020 Hirak protests was relatively peaceful. In contrast to its violent repression of protests in 1988, and subsequent coup and civil war in the 1990s, the military showed considerable restraint toward the Hirak. Leveraging a survey of 2,235 self-reported military personnel, I show that the military’s restraint emanated from protesters’ use of nonviolence and fraternization, as well as from a recognition that the military’s more repressive approach in the 1990s was a mistake. At the same time, a priming experiment suggests that the military’s willingness to repress increases when protesters threaten the military’s corporate interests, and when Russia, Algeria’s primary arms supplier, reiterates its support for the regime. Overall, the results show how protester tactics, international reactions, and political learning can condition the military’s repression or restraint during times of unrest.
Success Semantics, Reinforcing Satisfaction, and Sensory Inclinations
Authors: Nye Howard , Shojaeenejad Meysam
Published: July 2023

Success semantics holds, roughly, that what it is for a state of an agent to be a belief that P is for it to be disposed to combine with her desires to cause behaviour that would fulfill those desires if P. J. T. Whyte supplements this with an account of the contents of an agent's “basic desires” to provide an attractive naturalistic theory of mental content. We argue that Whyte's strategy can avoid the objections raised against it by restricting “basic desires” to sensory inclinations that cause us to do things independently of our beliefs about their contents.
Predicting suitable habitat for the Critically Endangered African wild ass Equus africanus in the Danakil Desert of Eritrea
Authors: Tesfai Redae T. , Parrini Francesca , Moehlman Patricia D. , Young Nicholas E. , Evangelista Paul H.
Published: July 2023

The Critically Endangered African wild ass Equus africanus is one of the most threatened equids, with fewer than 400 individuals persisting in the Danakil Desert (Eritrea), and fewer than 600 globally. To effectively conserve the species, it is essential to determine the extent of available suitable habitats and understand the environmental factors that most influence its current distribution. During 2016–2019 we observed African wild asses, recorded their locations during both the wet and dry seasons and analysed the bioclimatic data and topography using the maximum entropy species distribution model. Distance from water sources and precipitation of the driest month were the top predictors of suitable habitat for the dry season, whereas seasonal temperature variability and precipitation during the warmest quarter were the top predictors for the wet season. Model performances were high, with area under the curve values of 0.97 and 0.98 for the dry and wet seasons, respectively. In the Danakil Desert of Eritrea, the extent of optimal habitat for African wild asses is estimated to be 130 km2 in the dry season and 739 km2 in the wet season, with a potential range of 11,000 km2 for both seasons. Our model results also indicate that in the dry season 89 km2 of the Messir Plateau is optimal habitat, and the entire plateau area of 124 km2 provides optimal habitat during the wet season. These findings provide wildlife management authorities with substantive information and rationale for the establishment of a protected area on the Messir Plateau for African wild asses in Eritrea.
The world of deviance in the classroom: Psychological experiments on schoolchildren in Weimar Germany
Authors: Schlicht Laurens
Published: July 2023

Argument

The article uses three case studies from the 1920s to explore how psychologists and elementary school teachers employed psychological techniques to gain knowledge about elementary school children and their milieu. It begins by describing the role of the elementary school and the elementary school teacher in the Weimar Republic. It then discusses the so-called “observation sheets” that were used in elementary schools in the 1920s to gain insights into the mental and moral characteristics of pupils. Third, it examines psychological experiments undertaken in elementary school classrooms based on the exemplar case of a single teacher/experimenter, before concluding with a comparison of the two practices. I argue that psychology gained in standing through this history, becoming recognized as a foundational science in the context of education. Teachers used the professionalization of observation techniques in school to enhance their socio-epistemic status.
Development of communicative-pragmatic abilities in children with early cochlear implants
Authors: PAROLA Alberto , HILVIU Dize , VIVALDO Sara , MARINI Andrea , DI LISI Diego , CONSOLINO Patrizia , BOSCO Francesca Marina
Published: July 2023

Cochlear Implants (CIs) enhance linguistic skills in deaf or hard of hearing children (D/HH). However, the benefits of CIs have not been sufficiently studied, especially with regard to communicative-pragmatics, i.e., the ability to communicate appropriately in a specific context using different expressive means, such as language and extralinguistic or paralinguistic cues. The study aimed to assess the development of communicative-pragmatic ability, through the Assessment Battery for Communication (ABaCo), in school-aged children with CIs, to compare their performance to a group of children with typical auditory development (TA), and to investigate if CI received under the age of 24 months promotes the typical development of such ability. Results show that children with CIs performed significantly worse than TA on the paralinguistic and contextual scales of the ABaCo. Finally, the age of first implantation had a significant role in the development of communicative-pragmatic ability.
“I'm Workin’ on My Buildin”: Freedom and Foundation-Building in Florence Price's Two Violin Fantasies
Authors: Uhde Katharina , Todd R. Larry
Published: July 2023

Florence Price (1887–1953) was instrumental in establishing a “black musical idiom” in the twentieth century (Samantha Ege, 2020) by embedding vernacular songs into her works, including Violin Fantasy No. 2 in F-sharp minor, built on “I'm workin’ on my Buildin.’” In 1940 she arranged the melody as the second of the Two Traditional Negro Spirituals, finished on March 26, 1940. On March 29 and 30, 1940, she quickly dispatched Fantasy No. 2. Price often performed the piano part of her works herself. The performative act of playing Fantasy No. 2 with its embedded spiritual “I'm workin’ on my Buildin’ […] All for my Lord” would have solidified her faith, which rested in part in her own interpretation of its lyrics: Her “work” on her “buildin” and foundations, in composition and in life. Furthermore, each performance of Fantasy No. 2 would have created an embodied performed commemoration, from her perspective, of historical events of injustice and oppression in the Jim Crow South, which she abandoned in 1927 for Chicago. By engaging with Price's fantasies through the lens of performance studies and genre theory, and by drawing on Ege (2020), Rae Linda Brown (2020), Cooper (2019, 2020), and Douglas Shadle (2021), this article examines Price's vernacular foundation and sonic foundation-building symbolically. Meanings of freedom emerge on several levels, which we relate to creative freedom and to “freedoms in the most oppressive of social environments,” such as Price's environment, to which she responded with “a powerful musical language” (Ege, 2020).
Twin Research and Human Genetics – News, Views & Comments: Memoirs and Autobiographies by Twins: Research Angles and Human Interest/Twin Research Reviews: Fetal Reduction in Twin Pregnancy; Twins’ Personality and Military Service; Growth Restriction in Twins; Advances in Conjoined Twin Separation/Media Reports: Update on Scientist Who Performed Gene Editing on Twins; Twins From 33-Year-Old Embryos; Twins’ Outcomes From Dietary Differences; Fraternal Twins With the World’s Largest Height Difference; Twin Home Experts Conquer Rat Infestation
Authors: Segal Nancy L.
Published: July 2023

Twins’ memoirs and autobiographies both enlighten and entertain. These works, often overlooked by researchers, may suggest new avenues for investigation, such as nonshared environmental events that propel twins in different directions. Of course, MZ twins’ generally parallel experiences and DZ twins generally criss-crossing paths are the bases of fascinating life stories. The following sections examined recent research on fetal reduction in twin pregnancy, twins’ personality and military service, growth restriction in twins, and advances in conjoined twin separation. This article closes with reports of a scientist who performed gene editing on twins, a twin conception from 33-year-old embryos, twins’ physical outcomes from dietary differences, fraternal twins with the world’s largest height difference and the Twin Home Experts who conquer rat infestation in New York.
Arctic Sea Ice Causes Seasonal Differences in the Response of Arctic Water Vapor to Climate Warming in the CMIP6 Model, HadGEM3‐GC3.1
Authors: Ridley J. K. , Blockley E. W. , Ringer M. A.
Published: July 2023

Water vapor in the Arctic can be attributed to local evaporation and transport from mid‐latitudes. Here we investigate the response of Arctic water vapor to declining sea ice in a climate model, using an idealized warming scenario in which the Arctic becomes ice free year‐round. We find distinct monthly patterns in water vapor change with warming, with a strong influence of sea ice loss on changes to evaporation, except in summer when transports dominate. Before the Arctic becomes ice‐free, total column water increases at a rate slower than that indicated by the Clausius‐Clapeyron relationship; once ice‐free, total column water increases at a rate equal to Clausius‐Clapeyron. The exception is summer when the increase is initially faster then becomes slower when ice‐free. The boundary layer structure changes, under global warming, from stratified to well mixed in all seasons except summer, which remains largely unchanged throughout the ice‐free transition.
Optical Properties and Refractive Index of Wintertime Aerosol at a Highly Polluted North‐Indian Site
Authors: Kapoor Taveen Singh , Phuleria Harish C. , Sumlin Benjamin , Shetty Nishit , Anurag Gupta , Bansal Mahak , Duhan Sandeep Singh , Khan Mohd Shahzar , Laura Jitender Singh , Manwani Pooja , Chakrabarty Rajan K. , Venkataraman Chandra
Published: July 2023

Estimation of aerosol radiative forcing continues to suffer from large uncertainties, partially from a lack of observations of aerosol optical properties. Limited measurements of the atmospheric aerosol imaginary refractive index (iRI) have been made, especially in some of the world's most polluted regions. In this study, we measured aerosol optical and micro‐physical properties at a regional site, Rohtak, India, representative of polluted cities in the Indo‐Gangetic plains in northern India. The average PM2.5 measured during the campaign was 163 μg/m3 with a single‐scatter albedo of 0.7, indicating the presence of strongly absorbing aerosol components. Measurements of aerosol absorption, scattering, and particle number size distributions were used to estimate the effective refractive index using an established Mie inversion technique. The calculated iRI was spectrally invariant in the visible region with values ranging between 0.076 and 0.145. Brown carbon absorption, estimated using an existing Mie optimization method, ranged 34–88 Mm−1, with strongly absorbing mass absorption cross‐sections (∼1.9 m2/g). Higher iRI were observed during periods with higher brown carbon absorption, which are likely directly emitted from combustion sources. Low volatility organic carbon fractions dominated during these periods, with likely persistence of atmospheric absorption. The iRI values are at the upper end of previously reported ranges of urban aerosol iRI. In a sensitivity analysis to measured parameters, the absorption had the dominant effect on estimated iRI. Measured single scatter albedos, were lower than those from climate model simulations over the region, demonstrating the need for intrinsic property measurements to evaluate and constrain climate models.
Disentangling the role of NAc D1 and D2 cells in hedonic eating
Authors: Guillaumin Mathilde C. C. , Viskaitis Paulius , Bracey Eva , Burdakov Denis , Peleg-Raibstein Daria
Published: July 2023

Overeating is driven by both the hedonic component (‘liking’) of food, and the motivation (‘wanting’) to eat it. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key brain center implicated in these processes, but how distinct NAc cell populations encode ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ to shape overconsumption remains unclear. Here, we probed the roles of NAc D1 and D2 cells in these processes using cell-specific recording and optogenetic manipulation in diverse behavioral paradigms that disentangle reward traits of ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ related to food choice and overeating in healthy mice. Medial NAc shell D2 cells encoded experience-dependent development of ‘liking’, while D1 cells encoded innate ‘liking’ during the first food taste. Optogenetic control confirmed causal links of D1 and D2 cells to these aspects of ‘liking’. In relation to ‘wanting’, D1 and D2 cells encoded and promoted distinct aspects of food approach: D1 cells interpreted food cues while D2 cells also sustained food-visit-length that facilitates consumption. Finally, at the level of food choice, D1, but not D2, cell activity was sufficient to switch food preference, programming subsequent long-lasting overconsumption. By revealing complementary roles of D1 and D2 cells in consumption, these findings assign neural bases to ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ in a unifying framework of D1 and D2 cell activity.
HMGB1 neuroimmune signaling and REST-G9a gene repression contribute to ethanol-induced reversible suppression of the cholinergic neuron phenotype
Authors: Crews Fulton T. , Fisher Rachael P. , Qin Liya , Vetreno Ryan P.
Published: July 2023

Adolescent binge drinking increases Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), the endogenous TLR4/RAGE agonist high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and proinflammatory neuroimmune signaling in the adult basal forebrain in association with persistent reductions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs). In vivo preclinical adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) studies find anti-inflammatory interventions post-AIE reverse HMGB1-TLR4/RAGE neuroimmune signaling and loss of BFCNs in adulthood, suggesting proinflammatory signaling causes epigenetic repression of the cholinergic neuron phenotype. Reversible loss of BFCN phenotype in vivo is linked to increased repressive histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) occupancy at cholinergic gene promoters, and HMGB1-TLR4/RAGE proinflammatory signaling is linked to epigenetic repression of the cholinergic phenotype. Using an ex vivo basal forebrain slice culture (FSC) model, we report EtOH recapitulates the in vivo AIE-induced loss of ChAT+IR BFCNs, somal shrinkage of the remaining ChAT+ neurons, and reduction of BFCN phenotype genes. Targeted inhibition of EtOH-induced proinflammatory HMGB1 blocked ChAT+IR loss while disulfide HMBG1-TLR4 and fully reduced HMGB1-RAGE signaling decreased ChAT+IR BFCNs. EtOH increased expression of the transcriptional repressor RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) and the H3K9 methyltransferase G9a that was accompanied by increased repressive H3K9me2 and REST occupancy at promoter regions of the BFCN phenotype genes Chat and Trka as well as the lineage transcription factor Lhx8. REST expression was similarly increased in the post-mortem human basal forebrain of individuals with alcohol use disorder, which is negatively correlated with ChAT expression. Administration of REST siRNA and the G9a inhibitor UNC0642 blocked and reversed the EtOH-induced loss of ChAT+IR BFCNs, directly linking REST-G9a transcriptional repression to suppression of the cholinergic neuron phenotype. These data suggest that EtOH induces a novel neuroplastic process involving neuroimmune signaling and transcriptional epigenetic gene repression resulting in the reversible suppression of the cholinergic neuron phenotype.
Genome-wide CRISPR screening reveals ADCK3 as a key regulator in sensitizing endometrial carcinoma cells to MPA therapy
Authors: Zhang Zijing , Zhang Meng , Zhou Jingyi , Wang Donglai
Published: July 2023

Background

The effectiveness of conservative treatment of endometrial carcinoma (EC) with oral progesterone therapy, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), can be blunted due to primary or acquired resistance, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined.

Methods

Genome-wide CRISPR screening was performed to identify potential regulators in response to MPA in Ishikawa cells. Crystal violet staining, RT–qPCR, western blotting, ChIP–qPCR and luciferase assays were employed to elucidate the p53-AarF domain-containing kinase 3 (ADCK3) regulatory axis and its roles in sensitizing EC cells to MPA treatment.

Results

ADCK3 is identified as a previously unrecognized regulator in response to MPA in EC cells. Loss of ADCK3 in EC cells markedly alleviated MPA-induced cell death. Mechanistically, loss of ADCK3 primarily suppresses MPA-mediated ferroptosis by abrogating arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) transcriptional activation. Moreover, we validated ADCK3 as a direct downstream target of the tumor suppressor p53 in EC cells. By stimulating the p53-ADCK3 axis, the small-molecule compound Nutlin3A synergized with MPA to efficiently inhibit EC cell growth.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal ADCK3 as a key regulator of EC cells in response to MPA and shed light on a potential strategy for conservative EC treatment by activating the p53-ADCK3 axis to sensitize MPA-mediated cell death.
E3 ligase HECTD3 promotes RNA virus replication and virus-induced inflammation via K33-linked polyubiquitination of PKR
Authors: Huang Jiaying , Yu Zhou , Li Xuelian , Yang Mingjin , Fang Qian , Li Zheng , Wang Chunmei , Chen Taoyong , Cao Xuetao
Published: July 2023

Uncontrolled viral replication and excessive inflammation are the main causes of death in the host infected with virus. Hence inhibition of intracellular viral replication and production of innate cytokines, which are the key strategies of hosts to fight virus infections, need to be finely tuned to eliminate viruses while avoid harmful inflammation. The E3 ligases in regulating virus replication and subsequent innate cytokines production remain to be fully characterized. Here we report that the deficiency of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HECTD3 results in accelerated RNA virus clearance and reduced inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HECTD3 interacts with dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) and mediates Lys33-linkage of PKR, which is the first non-proteolytic ubiquitin modification for PKR. This process disrupts the dimerization and phosphorylation of PKR and subsequent EIF2α activation, which results in the acceleration of virus replication, but promotes the formation of PKR-IKK complex and subsequent inflammatory response. The finding suggests HECTD3 is the potential therapeutic target for simultaneously restraining RNA virus replication and virus-induced inflammation once pharmacologically inhibited.
The clinical performance of bulk-fill versus the incremental layered application of direct resin composite restorations: a systematic review
Authors: Sengupta Arjita , Naka Olga , Mehta Shamir B. , Banerji Subir
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To systematically review the scientific evidence comparing the clinical effectiveness of bulk-fill versus incrementally layered conventional resin composites and to evaluate if one method offers clear merits with specific clinical outcomes.

Materials and methods

Using relevant mesh terms and pre-established eligibility criteria in PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science, a thorough scientific search was conducted with an end-date of 30.04.2023. Randomized controlled clinical trials that involved the direct comparison of Class I and Class II resin composite restorations applied using incremental layering techniques versus bulk-filled in permanent teeth with an observation period of at least six months were considered. To evaluate the bias risk of the finalized records, a revised version of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was implemented.

Results

Out of the 1445 records determined, 18 eligible reports were chosen for qualitative analysis. Data obtained was categorized as per, the cavity design, the intervention, the comparator(s), the methods of success/failure assessment, the outcomes, and follow-up. Two studies demonstrated an overall low-risk of bias, fourteen studies raised some concerns, and two studies exhibited high-risk.

Conclusion

Bulk filled resin composite restorations demonstrated clinical outcomes similar to those of incrementally layered resin composite restorations within a review interval of 6 months to 10 years.
Pattern recognition in reciprocal space with a magnon-scattering reservoir
Authors: Körber Lukas , Heins Christopher , Hula Tobias , Kim Joo-Von , Thlang Sonia , Schultheiss Helmut , Fassbender Jürgen , Schultheiss Katrin
Published: July 2023

Magnons are elementary excitations in magnetic materials and undergo nonlinear multimode scattering processes at large input powers. In experiments and simulations, we show that the interaction between magnon modes of a confined magnetic vortex can be harnessed for pattern recognition. We study the magnetic response to signals comprising sine wave pulses with frequencies corresponding to radial mode excitations. Three-magnon scattering results in the excitation of different azimuthal modes, whose amplitudes depend strongly on the input sequences. We show that recognition rates as high as 99.4% can be attained for four-symbol sequences using the scattered modes, with strong performance maintained with the presence of amplitude noise in the inputs.
T cell receptor signaling strength establishes the chemotactic properties of effector CD8+ T cells that control tissue-residency
Authors: Abdelbary Mahmoud , Hobbs Samuel J. , Gibbs James S. , Yewdell Jonathan W. , Nolz Jeffrey C.
Published: July 2023

Tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+T cells are largely derived from recently activated effector T cells, but the mechanisms that control the extent of TRMdifferentiation within tissue microenvironments remain unresolved. Here, using an IFNγ-YFP reporter system to identify CD8+T cells executing antigen-dependent effector functions, we define the transcriptional consequences and functional mechanisms controlled by TCR-signaling strength that occur within the skin during viral infection to promote TRMdifferentiation. TCR-signaling both enhances CXCR6-mediated migration and suppresses migration toward sphingosine-1-phosphate, indicating the programming of a ‘chemotactic switch’ following secondary antigen encounter within non-lymphoid tissues. Blimp1 was identified as the critical target of TCR re-stimulation that is necessary to establish this chemotactic switch and for TRMdifferentiation to efficiently occur. Collectively, our findings show that access to antigen presentation and strength of TCR-signaling required for Blimp1 expression establishes the chemotactic properties of effector CD8+T cells to promote residency within non-lymphoid tissues.
Effects of organic zinc on production performance, meat quality, apparent nutrient digestibility and gut microbiota of broilers fed low-protein diets
Authors: Dong Liping , Li Yumei , Zhang Yonghong , Zhang Yan , Ren Jing , Zheng Jinlei , Diao Jizhe , Ni Hongyu , Yin Yijing , Sun Ruihong , Liang Fangfang , Li Peng , Zhou Changhai , Yang Yuwei
Published: July 2023

The high cost of feed and nitrogen pollution caused by high-protein diets have become major challenges restricting sustainable development in China's animal husbandry sector. Properly reducing protein levels and improving protein utilization in feed are effective approaches to solving this problem. To determine the optimal dose of methionine hydroxyl analogue chelated zinc (MHA-Zn) in broiler diets with a 1.5% reduction in crude protein (CP), a total of 216 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into 4 groups (each group consisted of 3 replications with 18 broilers per replicate), and growth and development indexes were assessed after 42 days. The broilers in control group were fed a basic diet, whereas those in the three test groups were fed diets with a 1.5% reduction in CP. The results showed no significant difference in the edible parts of broilers between low-protein (LP) diet group (90 mg/kg MHA-Zn) and normal diet group (p > 0.05), and adding 90 mg/kg MHA-Zn to LP diet significantly improved ileum morphology and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrient (p < 0.01; p < 0.05). A 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that supplementing the LP diet with 90 mg/kg MHA-Zn was adequate for production performance of broilers and promoted beneficial bacteria in the cecum (Lactobacillus, Butyricoccus, Oscillospira, etc.) (p < 0.01). In summary, adding an optimal dose of organic zinc (90 mg/kg MHA-Zn) in low protein diets led to enhanced production performance of broilers and optimized cecum microbiota. Additionally, the reduction of crude protein consumption in broiler production proved to be a cost-effective measure, while also mitigated nitrogen pollutant emissions in the environment.
Fast crystal growth of ice VII owing to the decoupling of translational and rotational ordering
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yao Yifeng , Li Hongyi , Python Andre , Mochizuki Kenji
Published: July 2023

Despite the abundance of water’s crystalline polymorphs, the growth mechanisms of most ice forms remain poorly understood. This study applies extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the growth of ice VII, revealing a fast growth rate comparable to pure metals while maintaining robust hydrogen-bond networks. The results from an unsupervised machine learning applied to identify local structure suggest that the surface of ice VII consistently exhibits a body-centered cubic (bcc) plastic ice layer, indicating the decoupling of translational and rotational orderings. The study also uncovers the ultrafast growth rate of pure plastic ice, indicating that orientational disorder in the crystal structure may be associated with faster kinetics. Additionally, we discuss the impacts of interfacial plastic layer width and surface roughness on growth mode.
Unnatural helical peptidic foldamers as protein segment mimics
Authors: Sang Peng , Cai Jianfeng
Published: July 2023

This review highlights the research progress in the past 10 years in exploring unnatural foldamers as protein helical segment mimics, by giving some representative examples and discussing the current challenges and future perspectives.
Design and application of a paper-based optoelectronic nose for the on-site discrimination of essential oils using a chemometric web app
Authors: Dias Bárbara Cristina , Pinto Licarion , Petruci João Flávio da Silveira
Published: July 2023

Differentiating essential oils is crucial for ensuring product quality and preventing adulteration.
Simultaneous determination of intracellular reduced and oxidized glutathiones by the König reaction
Authors: Mochizuki Ryu , Kobayashi Akane , Takayama Hiromitsu , Toida Toshihiko , Ogra Yasumitsu
Published: July 2023

The König reaction is newly applied to the simultaneous determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione.
Recent advances in β-cyclodextrin-based materials for chiral recognition
Authors: Guo Jiale , Hou Jinxing , Hu Juntao , Geng Yajiao , Li Mengxue , Wang Hui , Wang Jinli , Luo Quan
Published: July 2023

A schematic of chiral β-CD hybrid materials.
Formation mechanism of twinned β-form anhydrous guanine platelets in scallop eyes
Authors: Guo Dongmei , Liu Yiqun , Hou Xiubin , Wang Xubo , Fan Chenge , Bao Lixia , He Xinpeng , Zhang Hongmei , Ma Yurong
Published: July 2023

The twinned β-form anhydrous guanine nanoplatelets with a twinning angle of 83° are formed through amorphous guanine and single crystalline β-form anhydrous guanine nanoplatelets.
Towards a comprehensive data infrastructure for redox-active organic molecules targeting non-aqueous redox flow batteries
Authors: Duke Rebekah , Bhat Vinayak , Sornberger Parker , Odom Susan A. , Risko Chad
Published: July 2023

The D3TaLES database and data infrastructure aim to offer readily accessible and uniform data of varying types for redox-active organic molecules targeting non-aqueous redox flow batteries.
Octahedral lanthanide clusters containing a central PO43− anion: structural, luminescent, magnetic and relaxometric properties
Authors: Qu Yi-Ping , Huang Xin-Da , Xu Kui , Bao Song-Song , Zheng Li-Min
Published: July 2023

Octahedral lanthanide phosphonate clusters [H3O][Ln6(PO4)(AnPO3)8(DMF)6]·2DMF·H2O (Ln6) with a central PO43− anion were synthesized. Nd6, Er6 and Yb6 emitted near-infrared luminescence, while Gd6 functioned as both a magnetic refrigerant and a contrast agent.
Olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks: synthesis and applications
Authors: Wang Ting , Zhang Yushu , Wang Zhifang , Chen Yao , Cheng Peng , Zhang Zhenjie
Published: July 2023

In this review, we highlight the design principles, synthesis strategies, and impactful applications of olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks. Besides, the challenges and perspectives in this research field have been provided.
Enhanced adsorption–catalysis combination for the removal of sulphur from fuels using polyoxometalates supported on amphipathic hybrid mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Authors: Ortiz-Bustos Josefa , Pérez del Pulgar Helena , Pérez Yolanda , del Hierro Isabel
Published: July 2023

Polyoxometalates anchored on amphipathic hybrid mesoporous silicas have been synthesized. The heterogeneous catalyst is able to adsorb DBT and H2O2 in the interface of oil and aqueous phases and can be easily recovered and reused.
NiO@CoSe2 nanostructures for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors and efficient electrocatalysts
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Wang Mengdi , Umar Ahmad , Wu Xiang
Published: July 2023

We prepared core–shell structured NiO@CoSe2 samples by a multi-step hydrothermal protocol. They exhibit a specific capacitance of 1130 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and an overpotential of 82.8 mV@10 mA cm−2 respectively.
Structural diversity in proline-based lead bromide chiral perovskites
Authors: Sirenko Valerii Y. , Kucheriv Olesia I. , Fritsky Igor O. , Gumienna-Kontecka Elzbieta , Dascălu Ioan-Andrei , Shova Sergiu , Gural'skiy Il'ya A.
Published: July 2023

Lead halide hybrid perovskites incorporating chiral organic cations attract considerable attention due to their promising application in multifarious optoelectronic devices.
Double-gradient-structured composite aerogels for ultra-high-performance moisture energy harvesting
Authors: Zhang Xuezhong , Dai Zijian , Chen Jie , Chen Xin , Lin Xiong , Yang Shuang , Wu Kai , Fu Qiang , Deng Hua
Published: July 2023

Herein, an innovative moisture-electricity generator (MEG) with a high power density (32.59 μW cm−2) and long endurance (>120 h) has been developed through the construction of a double-gradient structure, including an ion density gradient and hydrophilic gradient, aerogel.
Covalent triazine frameworks for advanced energy storage: challenges and new opportunities
Authors: Xiong Peng , Zhang Shilin , Wang Rui , Zhang Longhai , Ma Quanwei , Ren Xiang , Gao Yuchen , Wang Ziyang , Guo Zaiping , Zhang Chaofeng
Published: July 2023

This Review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in CTF materials and CTF-based batteries. The Review aims to make CTF-based batteries viable for next-generation high-energy battery systems.
On the role of system integration of carbon capture and mineralization in achieving net-negative emissions in industrial sectors
Authors: Castro-Amoedo Rafael , Granacher Julia , Daher Mouhannad Abou , Maréchal François
Published: July 2023

Carbon capture and storage is acknowledged as a valuable technology for reducing industrial emissions. Its integration into industrial sectors, benefiting from multiple symbiosis, proved consequential from an economic and environmental perspective.
Metal-free direct C–H phosphonation of N-heterocycles with diphenylphosphine oxides under mild conditions
Authors: Cai Zhao-Nan , Han Ya-Ping , Zhang Yuecheng , Zhang Hong-Yu , Zhao Jiquan , Yang Shang-Dong
Published: July 2023

Herein, metal-free phosphonation of N-heterocycles with diphenylphosphine oxides, promoted by 1,5-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-5-ene utilizing air as a green oxidant in dimethyl carbonate as an eco-friendly solvent at room temperature, is presented.
Engineered green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a whole-cell photosynthetic biocatalyst for stepwise photoproduction of H2 and ε-caprolactone
Authors: Siitonen Vilja , Probst Anna , Tóth Gábor , Kourist Robert , Schroda Michael , Kosourov Sergey , Allahverdiyeva Yagut
Published: July 2023

Photosynthetic whole-cell biocatalysts are promising platforms for direct production of solar chemicals.
Correction: Optimization and characterization of miRNA-129-5p-encapsulated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles to reprogram activated microglia
Authors: Kalashnikova Irina , Campbell Heather R. , Kolpek Daniel , Park Jonghyuck
Published: July 2023

Correction for ‘Optimization and characterization of miRNA-129-5p-encapsulated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles to reprogram activated microglia’ by Irina Kalashnikova, et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NA00149K.
Development of an intense yellow-coloured BiVO4/ZrO2composite coating for anticorrosion multifunctional cool roofing
Authors: Riyas A. H. , Geethanjali C.V. , Johnson Liya , Elias Liju , Henaish A. M. A. , Hossain Aslam , Shibli S. M. A.
Published: July 2023

The development of durable coating materials with high solar reflectance without affecting the aesthetic characteristics is highly crucial to save energy.
Atomic-layered V2C MXene containing bismuth elements: 2D/0D and 2D/2D nanoarchitectonics for hydrogen evolution and nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Akir Sana , Azadmanjiri Jalal , Antonatos Nikolas , Děkanovský Lukáš , Roy Pradip Kumar , Mazánek Vlastimil , Lontio Fomekong Roussin , Regner Jakub , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: July 2023

2D/0D and 2D/2D nanoarchitectonics of V2C/Bi and V2C/BiVO4is capable to enhance the electrocatalytic activities of HER and NRR.
Resonant transport in a highly conducting single molecular junction via metal–metal covalent bond
Authors: Pabi Biswajit , Marek Štepán , Pal Adwitiya , Kumari Puja , Ray Soumya Jyoti , Thakur Arunabha , Korytár Richard , Pal Atindra Nath
Published: July 2023

Highly conducting molecular junction via resonant transport at room temperature is observed in Au/Ferrocene/Au single molecular junction, demonstrating a covalent-like organometallic bonding between Au and the central Fe atom of Ferrocene.
Copper-catalyzed tandem cyclization/arylation of α,β-alkynic hydrazones with diaryliodonium salts: synthesis of N-arylpyrazoles
Authors: Parida Sushanta Kumar , Joshi Saurav , Murarka Sandip
Published: July 2023

A copper-catalyzed annulation between α,β-alkynic N-tosyl hydrazones and diaryliodonium triflates leading to the synthesis of functionally orchestrated N-aryl pyrazoles is realized.
Computational design of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) resistant to auto-cleavage
Authors: Bonadio Alessandro , Oguche Solomon , Lavy Tali , Kleifeld Oded , Shifman Julia
Published: July 2023

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an endopeptidase that remodels the extracellular matrix. MMP-9 has been implicated in several diseases including neurodegeneration, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, fibrosis and several types of cancer, resulting in a high demand for MMP-9 inhibitors for therapeutic purposes. For such drug design efforts, large amounts of MMP-9 are required. Yet, the catalytic domain of MMP-9 (MMP-9Cat) is an intrinsically unstable enzyme that tends to auto-cleave within minutes, making it difficult to use in drug design experiments and other biophysical studies. We set our goal to design MMP-9Cat variant that is active but stable to auto-cleavage. For this purpose, we first identified potential auto-cleavage sites on MMP-9Cat using mass spectroscopy and then eliminated the auto-cleavage site by predicting mutations that minimize auto-cleavage potential without reducing enzyme stability. Four computationally designed MMP-9Cat variants were experimentally constructed and evaluated for auto-cleavage and enzyme activity. Our best variant, Des2, with 2 mutations, was as active as the wild-type enzyme but did not exhibit auto-cleavage after 7 days of incubation at 37°C. This MMP-9Cat variant, with an identical with MMP-9Cat WT active site, is an ideal candidate for drug design experiments targeting MMP-9 and enzyme crystallization experiments. The developed strategy for MMP-9CAT stabilization could be applied to redesign other proteases to improve their stability for various biotechnological applications.
Multimodal predictive classification of Alzheimer's disease based on attention‐combined fusion network: Integrated neuroimaging modalities and medical examination data
Authors: Chen Hui , Guo Huiru , Xing Longqiang , Chen Da , Yuan Ting , Zhang Yunpeng , Zhang Xuedian
Published: July 2023

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) plays a key role in preventing and responding to this neurodegenerative disease. It has shown that, compared with a single imaging modality‐based classification of AD, synergy exploration among multimodal neuroimages is beneficial for the pathological identification. However, effectively exploiting multimodal information is still a big challenge due to the lack of efficient fusion methods. Herein, a multimodal fusion network based on attention mechanism is proposed, in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission computed tomography (PET) images are converted into feature vectors with the same dimension, while the demographic information and clinical data are preprocessed and converted into feature vectors through embedding. This attention model can focus on important feature points, fuse the multimodal information more effectively, and thus provide accurate diagnosis and prediction for different pathological stages. The results show that the model achieves an accuracy of 84.1% for triple classification tasks in normal cognition (NC) versus mild cognitive impairment (MCI) versus AD and 93.9% prediction accuracy in stable MCI (sMCI) versus progressive MCI (pMCI). In contrast to the existing multimodal diagnosis methods, our model yields a state‐of‐the‐art accuracy of AD diagnosis, which is powerful and promising in clinical practice.
Adaptive learning Unet‐based adversarial network with CNN and transformer for segmentation of hard exudates in diabetes retinopathy
Authors: Zhang Xinfeng , Zhang Jiaming , Zhang Yitian , Jia Maoshen , Li Hui , Liu Xiaomin
Published: July 2023

Accurate segmentation of hard exudates in early non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy can assist physicians in taking appropriate treatment in a more targeted manner, in order to avoid more serious damage to vision caused by the deterioration of the disease in the later stages. Here, an Adaptive Learning Unet‐based adversarial network with Convolutional neural network and Transformer (CT‐ALUnet) is proposed for automatic segmentation of hard exudates, combining the excellent local modelling ability of Unet with the global attention mechanism of transformer. Firstly, multi‐scale features are extracted through a CNN dual‐branch encoder. Then, the information fusion of features at adjacent scale is realized and the fused features are selected adaptively to maintain the overall consistency of features by attention‐guided multi‐scale fusion blocks (AGMFB). After that, the high‐level encoded features are input to transformer blocks to extract global contexts. Finally, these features are fused layer‐by‐layer to achieve accurate segmentation of hard exudates. In addition, adversarial training is incorporated into the above segmentation model, which improves Dice scores and MIoU scores by 7.5% and 3%, respectively. Experiments demonstrate that CT‐ALUnet shows more reliable segmentation and stronger generalization ability than other SOTA methods, which lays a good foundation for computer‐assisted diagnosis and assessment of efficacy.
Dynamic sequential radar cross section properties of airborne corner reflector in array
Authors: Wu Lingang , Hu Shengliang , Xu Jianghu , Liu Zhong
Published: July 2023

With the spread of airborne corner reflector (ACR) in the field of shipborne equipment, radar guided anti‐ship missile is facing new challenges. In order to achieve the mastery of the jamming principle of this apparatus, the paper studied its motion properties and sequential Radar Cross Section (RCS) properties. Firstly, the motion model of the ACR was obtained under certain constraints, by deriving the centroid dynamics equation and rotation dynamics equation according to the theoretical mechanics. Then, the dynamic sequential RCS model of ACR array was established by combining the motion model with the modified geometric optics method and coherent synthesis method. Through the simulation and analysis of the motion model, it was found that the flight process of the ACR can be divided into two stages: fast falling and steady falling. In the fast falling stage, the variables of the ACR system change rapidly, while the ACR rotates slowly and falls smoothly in the steady falling stage. From simulation of dynamic sequential RCS model, the results showed that the obvious depolarisation effect is occur in the fast falling stage. Further statistical analysis showed that, the omnidirectivity of single ACR is well from the dynamic perspective, meanwhile array placement can effectively enhance RCS amplitude and improve the probability density distribution.
Blockchain technology as an enabler for cross‐sectoral systems integration for developing smart sustainable cities
Authors: Khawaja Sarmad , Javidroozi Vahid
Published: July 2023

Smart cities driven by modern technologies are the need of the day to alleviate the urbanisation challenges and improve the overall experience of the citizens. As the role of data‐sharing to facilitate systems integration across city sectors for developing smart cities has grown ever so profoundly, there is a need for decentralisation, transparency, and openness in terms of integration of city sectors to have efficient data diffusion among them. This is extremely important as the requirements of smart sustainable cities are open data sharing to allow service providers to better serve the citizens. Blockchain technology offers these characteristics with the extremely important added advantage of maintaining data security via an immutable record. However, the notion of the use of Blockchain for smart sustainable cities is still in the early years and requires extensive efforts to research and test it. In this research, a state‐of‐the‐art review is conducted to explore the usefulness of Blockchain technology in smart sustainable city development with a specific focus on cross‐sectoral systems integration, highlighting the gaps in the existing body of knowledge. This leads to the proposal of a novel framework for the use of Blockchain for smart sustainable cities, linking together service providers and citizens.
Magnetic field fluctuations in the shocked umbral chromosphere
Authors: Felipe T. , González Manrique S. J. , Sangeetha C. R. , Asensio Ramos A.
Published: July 2023

Context.Umbral chromospheric observations show the presence of magnetoacoustic shocks. Several recent studies have reported magnetic field fluctuations associated with these shock waves. The mechanism behind these periodic magnetic field changes is still an unresolved question.

Aims.We aim to study the properties and origin of magnetic field fluctuations in the umbral chromosphere.

Methods.Temporal series of spectropolarimetric observations were acquired with the GREGOR telescope on 2017 June 18. The chromospheric and photospheric conditions, including the temporal evolution of the magnetic field, were derived from simultaneous inversions of the He I10 830 Å triplet and the Si I10 827 Å line using the HAZEL2 code. The oscillations were interpreted using wavelet analysis and context information from ultraviolet observations acquired with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO/AIA) and the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS).

Results.The chromospheric magnetic field shows strong fluctuations in the sunspot umbra, with peak field strengths of up to 2900 G. This inferred field strength is comparable to the magnetic field strength in the upper photosphere. Magnetic field and velocity umbral oscillations exhibit a strong coherence, with the magnetic field lagging the shock fronts detected in the velocity fluctuations. This points to a common origin of the fluctuations in both parameters, and the analysis of the phase shift between photospheric and chromospheric velocity is consistent with upward wave propagation. These results suggest that the strong inferred magnetic field fluctuations are caused by changes in the response height of the He I10 830 Å line to the magnetic field, which is sensitive to the high photosphere during and right after the shock. The analysis of extreme ultraviolet data shows a weak brightening in a coronal loop rooted in the umbra around the time of the measured magnetic field fluctuations. This coronal activity could possibly have some impact on the inferred fluctuations, but it is not the main driver of the magnetic field oscillations since they are found before the extreme ultraviolet event takes place.

Conclusions.Chromospheric magnetic field fluctuations measured with the He I10 830 Å triplet arise due to variations in the opacity of the line. After strong shocks are produced by the propagation of slow magnetoacoustic waves, the response of the line to the magnetic field can be shifted down to the upper photosphere. This is seen as remarkably large fluctuations in the line-of-sight magnetic field strength.