bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orchestrated Platform for Cyber‐Physical Systems
Authors: Lovas Róbert , Farkas Attila , Marosi Attila Csaba , Ács Sándor , Kovács József , Szalóki Ádám , Kádár Botond
Published: July 2018

One of the main driving forces in the era of cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) is the introduction of massive sensor networks (or nowadays various Internet of things solutions as well) into manufacturing processes, connected cars, precision agriculture, and so on. Therefore, large amounts of sensor data have to be ingested at the server side in order to generate and make the “twin digital model” or virtual factory of the existing physical processes for (among others) predictive simulation and scheduling purposes usable. In this paper, we focus on our ultimate goal, a novel software container‐based approach with cloud agnostic orchestration facilities that enable the system operators in the industry to create and manage scalable, virtual IT platforms on‐demand for these two typical major pillars of CPS: (1) server‐side (i.e., back‐end) framework for sensor networks and (2) configurable simulation tool for predicting the behavior of manufacturing systems. The paper discusses the scalability of the applied discrete‐event simulation tool and the layered back‐end framework starting from simple virtual machine‐level to sophisticated multilevel autoscaling use case scenario. The presented achievements and evaluations leverage on (among others) the synergy of the existing EasySim simulator, our new CQueue software container manager, the continuously developed Occopus cloud orchestrator tool, and the latest version of the evolving MiCADO framework for integrating such tools into a unified platform.
Uroplakin IIIa Is a Marker in Bladder Cancer but Seems Not to Reflect Chemical Carcinogenesis
Authors: Szymańska B. , Matuszewski M. , Dembowski J. , Zdrojowy R. , Długosz A.
Published: July 2018

Background. Uroplakins are glycoproteins investigated as potential markers of urothelial carcinoma. However, their role in chemical carcinogenesis is uncertain. In this study the diagnostic value of plasma and urine uroplakin IIIa (UPIIIa) levels in bladder cancer (BC) was investigated, particularly in the aspect of environmental exposure to chemical carcinogens, measured by DNA damage and detoxification ability in the BC smoking group. The correlation between uroplakin, 8-OHdG, and GSTπwas investigated.Material and Methods. This study included 61 BC patients and 33 healthy controls. UPIIIa, 8-OHdG, and GSTπlevels were estimated by the immunoenzymatic method (ELISA).Results. UPIIIa levels were elevated in BC patients in plasma (p≤0.001) and in urine (p≤0.001), as were 8-OHdG and GSTπlevels in urine. Moreover, the 8-OHdG level was higher in invasive or high grade tumors. A positive correlation between UPIIIa/GSTπand 8-OHdG/GSTπwas observed, but no UPIIIa/8-OHdG correlation was noted.Conclusion. The study showed the diagnostic value of urine and plasma UPIIIa in BC (good sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value). The lack of UPIIIa correlation with 8-OHdG and smoking suggests that UPIIIa does not reflect the environmental exposure. The increased levels of 8-OHdG and GSTπin the invasive tumor stage indicate their value in BC monitoring.
Exercise Training Induced Cardioprotection with Moderate Hyperglycemia versus Sedentary Intensive Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Authors: McDonald Matthew W. , Dotzert Michelle S. , Jiang Mao , Murray Michael R. , Noble Earl G. , James Melling C. W.
Published: July 2018

Intensive insulin therapy (IIT; 4–7 mmol/L) is the preferred treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, this treatment strategy has been questioned as it is accompanied with a sedentary lifestyle leading to weight gain and insulin resistance. T1DM patients who partake in high-intensity aerobic training (AThigh) to reduce CVD often utilize conventional insulin therapy (CIT; 9–15 mmol/L) to offset the risk of hypoglycemia. Moreover, exercise modalities incorporating resistance training (RT) have been shown to further reduce this risk. The purpose of this investigation was twofold: (1) to determine if CIT paired with AThigh results in larger cardioprotection from an ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury than IIT and (2) to establish if the integration of RT with AThigh (ART) results in similar cardioprotection as AThigh. Diabetic (D) male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into D-IIT (n=12), D-CIT (n=12), D-AThigh (n=8), D-RT (n=8), and D-ART (n=8). T1DM was induced with streptozotocin, and blood glucose was adjusted with insulin. D-AThigh occurred on a treadmill (27 m/min; 1 hr), D-RT performed weighted ladder climbs, and D-ART alternated daily between AThigh and RT. Exercise occurred 5 days/wk for 12 wks. This investigation demonstrates that cardioprotection following an I-R injury was similar between D-AThigh and D-IIT. This cardioprotection is not exercise-specific, and each provides unique advantages. D-AThigh leads to improved glycemia while insulin sensitivity was enhanced following resistance exercises. Thus, exercise is an effective means to elicit cardioprotection in T1DM. However, in addition to glycemia, other factors should be considered when tailoring an exercise program for T1DM patients.
Increase in the Tibial Slope in Unicondylar Knee Replacement: Analysis of the Effect on the Kinematics and Ligaments in a Weight-Bearing Finite Element Model
Authors: Weber Patrick , Woiczinski Matthias , Steinbrück Arnd , Schmidutz Florian , Niethammer Thomas , Schröder Christian , Jansson Volkmar , Müller Peter E.
Published: July 2018

Introduction. Unicompartmental arthroplasty (UKA) of the knee in patients with isolated medial osteoarthritis yields adequate results; however, the survival rate is inferior to that of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A key factor in the longevity of the implant is the positioning; however, the optimal tibial slope in UKA has not been determined. The aim of this study was to establish a finite element (FE) model and investigate the effect of the tibial slope on the strain of the ligaments, kinematics, inlay movement, and load in the nonreplaced patellofemoral compartment in a medial mobile bearing UKA. Materials and Methods. An FE model of a leg was established with a virtual UKA implantation with three different tibial slopes (0°, 5°, and 10°). Subsequently, the knee was flexed from 14–73°. In addition, the ground reaction force and the muscles were simulated. Results. With a higher tibial slope, there was more external rotation of the tibia. An increased tibial slope provided a lateral shift of the patella in the trochlear groove and a more anterior position of the inlay. The ligament strains were also changed, specifically, the anterior portion of the medial collateral ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Discussion. This study established the first model of a quasidynamic mobile bearing UKA in a leg under weight-bearing conditions. With an increasing tibial slope, there was a higher external rotation of the tibia that created different femorotibial and retropatellar kinematics and different strains in the ligaments. This knowledge adds important information for the optimal tibial slope that has to be determined individually depending on the patient’s preoperative kinematics, desired postoperative kinematics, ligament status, and location of the retropatellar chondral damage.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability Study of Tubeimoside I in ICR Mice by UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Chen Lianguo , Weng Qinghua , Li Feifei , Liu Jinlai , Zhang Xueliang , Zhou Yunfang
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study is to establish and validate a rapid, selective, and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to determine tubeimoside I (TBMS-I) in ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mouse whole blood and its application in the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability study. The blood samples were precipitated by acetonitrile to extract the analytes. Chromatographic separation was performed on a UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase consisted of water with 0.1% formic acid and methanol (1 : 1, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The total eluting time was 4 min. The TBMS-I and ardisiacrispin A (internal standard (IS)) were quantitatively detected by a tandem mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) in a positive mode by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). A validation of this method was in accordance with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of TBMS-I was 2 ng/mL, and the calibration curve was linearly ranged from 2 to 2000 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.995). The relative standard deviation (RSD) of interday precision and intraday precision was both lower than 15%, and the accuracy was between 91.7% and 108.0%. The average recovery was >66.9%, and the matrix effects were from 104.8% to 111.0%. In this assay, a fast, highly sensitive, and reproducible quantitative method was developed and validated in mouse blood for the first time. The absolute availability of TBMS-I in the mouse was only 1%, exhibiting a poor oral absorption.
Focusing on Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 and the Sympathetic Nervous System: Potential Impact in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Herat Lakshini Y. , Matthews Vance B. , Rakoczy P. Elizabeth , Carnagarin Revathy , Schlaich Markus
Published: July 2018

The prevalence of diabetes is at pandemic levels in today’s society. Microvascular complications in organs including the eye are commonly observed in human diabetic subjects. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prominent microvascular complication observed in many diabetics and is particularly debilitating as it may result in impaired or complete vision loss. In addition, DR is extremely costly for the patient and financially impacts the economy as a range of drug-related therapies and laser treatment may be essential. Prevention of microvascular complications is the major treatment goal of current therapeutic approaches; however, these therapies appear insufficient. Presently, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may offer a novel therapy beyond simple glucose lowering. Excitingly, the EMPA-REG clinical trial, which focuses on the clinically used SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin, has been extremely fruitful and has highlighted beneficial cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on DR are currently a topic of much research as outlined in the current review, but future studies are urgently needed to fully gain mechanistic insights. Here, we summarize current evidence and identify gaps that need to be addressed.
New Characterizations of k-Uniformly Extremely Convex Banach Spaces
Authors: Wulede Suyalatu
Published: July 2018

Two characterizations of k-uniformly extremely convex spaces are given in this paper. As special cases for k=1, two necessary and sufficient conditions of uniform extreme convexity are presented and a characteristic inequality of uniformly extremely convex spaces is given.
Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Rotavirus in Kunming, China, in 2015
Authors: Kang Yongbo , Cai Yue
Published: July 2018

Group A rotavirus (RVA) is a serious public problem in China, with a prevalence of 29.7% in diarrhea cases under 5 years of age. A total of 1,224 fecal specimens were collected in 2015 from children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Kunming, China, for detection and characterization of rotavirus. The prevalence of RVA was 28.5%. The frequency of RVA detection was greatest (52%) among children aged 7–12 months. The following strains were the most common types: G9P(8) (58.2%), G3P(8) (14.9%), and G1P(8) (6.9%). The following strains were uncommon types: G3P(4), G8P(9), and G9P(4) (1.1%); G1P(4), G2P(8), and G4P(8) (0.9%); G2P(6), G3P(9), G4P(6), and G9P(6) (0.6%); and G4P(4) (0.3%). G3G1P(8) (5.2%), G1G2P(4) (0.9%), G1G9P(8) (0.6%), and G2P(4)P(8) (0.3%) were mixed types. This study documents the molecular epidemiology, genetics, and diversity of rotavirus strains in children under 5 years of age in Kunming, China, and suggests that it may be important to offer RVA vaccination and scientific evidence to stop and control RVA-related diarrhea.
Melatonin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy Via an AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Wei Ren , Liu Hong Bin , Chen Yun Dai , Sha Yuan , Ma Qiang , Zhu Ping Jun , Mu Yang
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: Melatonin has been demonstrated to protect cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) against ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Autophagy plays different roles in the heart during ischemia and reperfusion. The AMP activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) pathway is associated with autophagy. This study sought to explore whether melatonin regulates CMEC autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Methods: The effects of melatonin in IRI were investigated in vivo rat models and in vitro neonatal CMECs. Myocardial infarct size was achieved by Evans blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The severity of cell injury was evaluated by cell vitality and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, and autophagy was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and the assessment of autophagy-related gene expression, such as that of Beclin 1 and light chain 3-II. Results: In vivo, melatonin markedly reduced infarcted area, improved cardiac function and decreased LDH release. However, the AMPK activator AICAR and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reduced the protective effects of melatonin on IRI. In vitro, Beclin1 and light chain 3-II protein were found to be down-regulated and autophagosomes were found to be reduced in response to melatonin, together with an increase in cell vitality and a decrease in LDH. Treatment with AICAR or rapamycin ablated the benefit observed with melatonin treatment. Conclusions: Melatonin played an important and protective role in CMECs by inhibiting autophagy against IRI via the AMPK/mTOR system.
Histone Acetyltransferase Mof Affects the Progression of DSS-Induced Colitis
Authors: Yang Yang , Guan Jingyun , Shaikh Abdul Sami , Liang Yiran , Sun Lichao , Wang Meng , Li Danyang , Qiu Chunhong , Li Xiangzhi
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: Histone acetylation has been demonstrated to be associated with inflammation response. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Mof, specifically acetylating lysine 16 of histone H4 (H4K16), has been reported to regulate T cell differentiation. In addition, it has been suggested that acetylation of H4K16 is associated with the inflammatory response. We evaluated the role and potential mechanism of Mof in the development of experimental colitis. Methods: We used Mof conditional knockout mice to study the role of Mof in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and detected the differential expression of genes due to Mof deficiency involved in the inflammatory response, particularly the Th17 signaling pathway, by western blotting, quantitative PCR and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Results: A significant elevation of Mof was observed in colonic tissues of mice with DSS-induced colitis. Mof deficiency alleviated the severity of DSS- induced colitis in mice. We found that Th17 signaling pathway associated genes, including Il17a, Il22, RORγt, RORα, Stat3, TGF-β 1, and Il6, were downregulated in colon tissues with Mof deficiency. RNA-seq data analysis suggested that 68 genes were related to inflammatory response processing and 47 genes were downregulated in Mof defective colon tissues. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that HAT Mof is involved in the development of colitis, and the lack of Mof ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice.
Claude Lefort e a escrita democrática
Authors: Ramos Silvana De Souza
Published: July 2018

A questão da Modernidade está no centro da escrita de Claude Lefort. Se tantos autores o ajudam a pensá-la, se acontecimentos precisos, especialmente a Revolução Francesa, a trouxeram à luz, é preciso dizer que Maquiavel assume aí um papel crucial. O trabalho da obra maquiaveliana ensina que, entre a licença e a tirania, a Cidade livre se equilibra, não num ponto em que o poder possa se justificar de maneira definitiva, muito menos segundo uma boa ordem que aboliria o conflito e a desordem, ou que escaparia à possiblidade de suspensão temporária da própria Lei que a organiza simbolicamente. Marcada pela indeterminação, a Modernidade vista por Maquiavel ajuda a compreender a invenção democrática, isto é, a experiência do político que não se ancora numa identidade fixa seja do poder, seja da cidadania ou, ainda, do próprio corpo político. Nosso trabalho busca investigar o elo moderno entre essa experiência e a escrita democrática segundo a visão de Claude Lefort.
Lefort: democracia e direitos humanos
Authors: Lacerda Tessa Moura
Published: July 2018

O Estado moderno nasce, segundo Claude Lefort, quando ocorre um desintrincamento entre o poder e o direito. O poder passa por uma desincorporação e deixa de se identificar com o governante, sendo concebido, na modernidade, como um lugar vazio. Dessa maneira, não é mais o poder quem define o que é justo ou injusto e, ao contrário, o poder deve prestar contas ao direito. O direito, com a Declaração universal dos direitos do homem, ganha uma função simbólica. É isso que garante a possibilidade de reivindicação de direitos que não estão positivados nas leis escritas. A democracia se caracteriza, assim, pela afirmação do direito de criar direitos.
Reinterrogar a ideologia para repensar o político: Lefort, leitor crítico de Marx
Authors: Costa Martha
Published: July 2018

Esta comunicação visa delinear um quadro geral das relações entre Lefort e Marx no que diz respeito ao debate acerca da origem, da função e das transformações da ideologia nas sociedades capitalistas modernas. Dentre a gama de temas que atestam a presença de Marx no pensamento de Lefort (como imaginário social, alienação, luta de classes, etc.), destacamos a centralidade da noção de ideologia, pois com ela está em jogo toda uma articulação de conceitos (história, classe, estatuto da divisão social, real e imaginário, etc.) que dão corpo à concepção política mais ampla do pensador francês. Sendo a ideologia analisada sob diferentes prismas ao longo de sua trajetória intelectual, buscamos nos deter no momento em que Lefort toma distância da concepção originária de Marx, formulada na Ideologia alemã, para alargar a compreensão da ideologia, atentar às suas novas figuras (ideologia totalitária, ideologia invisível) e, no mesmo movimento, reabrir as vias de acesso a um pensamento político. Seguindo e atando os fios do célebre ensaio de Lefort intitulado “Esboço de uma gênese da ideologia nas sociedades modernas” (1974), buscamos indicar os movimentos de continuidade e afastamento realizados por ele com relação ao paradigma de Marx. Pelas novas referências para pensar as ações da ideologia — encobrir a divisão social, desarmar os efeitos do conflito e da indeterminação — encena-se, pois, a crítica lefortiana ao naturalismo de Marx e à sua oposição bruta entre produção e representação, ou ainda, entre imaginário e real. O filósofo francês acrescenta ainda uma nova componente à discussão — o simbólico, como instância distinta à da ideologia — afastando a referência da ideologia a um fundamento exclusivamente econômico e promovendo a reabilitação do político, não mais reduzido, por princípio, ao domínio da mistificação.
Democracia, Populismos, Revolucionarismos
Authors: Galvão Walnice Nogueira
Published: July 2018

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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Endothelial Cell Activation and Tissue Factor Production Through Interleukin-1α and Cathepsin G
Authors: Folco Eduardo J. , Mawson Thomas L. , Vromman Amélie , Bernardes-Souza Breno , Franck Grégory , Persson Oscar , Nakamura Momotaro , Newton Gail , Luscinskas Francis W. , Libby Peter
Published: July 2018

Objective—

Coronary artery thrombosis can occur in the absence of plaque rupture because of superficial erosion. Erosion-prone atheromata associate with more neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) than lesions with stable or rupture-prone characteristics. The effects of NETs on endothelial cell (EC) inflammatory and thrombogenic properties remain unknown. We hypothesized that NETs alter EC functions related to erosion-associated thrombosis.

Approach and Results—

Exposure of human ECs to NETs increased VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) mRNA and protein expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. THP-1 monocytoid cells and primary human monocytes bound more avidly to NET-treated human umbilical vein ECs than to unstimulated cells under flow. Treatment of human ECs with NETs augmented the expression of TF (tissue factor) mRNA, increased EC TF activity, and hastened clotting of recalcified plasma. Anti-TF-neutralizing antibody blocked NET-induced acceleration of clotting by ECs. NETs alone did not exhibit TF activity or acceleration of clotting in cell-free assays. Pretreatment of NETs with anti-interleukin (IL)-1α–neutralizing antibody or IL-1Ra (IL-1 receptor antagonist)—but not with anti-IL-1β–neutralizing antibody or control IgG—blocked NET-induced VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and TF expression. Inhibition of cathepsin G, a serine protease abundant in NETs, also limited the effect of NETs on EC activation. Cathepsin G potentiated the effect of IL-1α on ECs by cleaving the pro-IL-1α precursor and releasing the more potent mature IL-1α form.

Conclusions—

NETs promote EC activation and increased thrombogenicity through concerted action of IL-1α and cathepsin G. Thus, NETs may amplify and propagate EC dysfunction related to thrombosis because of superficial erosion.
RNA Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Lucas Tina , Bonauer Angelika , Dimmeler Stefanie
Published: July 2018

Noncoding RNAs have been shown to exert important physiological and pathophysiological functions. Various studies suggest that modulating noncoding RNAs may provide a therapeutic option. Noncoding RNAs comprise small RNAs, mainly microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs. MicroRNAs postranscriptionally regulate gene expression pattern by binding to the 3′untranslated region of a given target mRNA, thereby blocking protein translation or inducing its degradation. Long noncoding RNAs on the contrary have more diverse functions acting as epigenetic regulators, molecular scaffolds, or decoys. In this article, we summarize examples of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, which might be promising novel targets for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, fibrosis, as well as atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we give insights into the available tools to inhibit or overexpress noncoding RNAs and discuss the challenges for translation. Strategies for improving RNA therapeutics and reducing toxicity, for example, by augmenting tissue specificity or cellular uptake will be discussed.
New Paradigms in Cell Therapy
Authors: Wysoczynki Marcin , Khan Abdur , Bolli Roberto
Published: July 2018

Perhaps the most important advance in the field of cell therapy for heart disease has been the recognition that all stem/progenitor cells (both adult and embryonic) fail to engraft in the heart to a significant extent and thus work via paracrine mechanisms. This fundamental advance has led to 4 new paradigms that are discussed in this review and that may importantly shape, or even revolutionize, the future of the field: (1) repeated cell therapy, (2) intravenous cell therapy, (3) immunomodulatory actions of cell therapy, and (4) new cell types. Because virtually all of our current knowledge of cell therapy is predicated on the effects of a single cell dose, the idea that the full therapeutic effects of a cell product require repeated doses is disruptive and has far-reaching implications. For example, inadequate dosing (single-dose protocols) may be responsible, at least in part, for the borderline or disappointing results obtained to date in clinical trials; furthermore, future studies (both preclinical and clinical) may need to incorporate repeated cell administrations. Another disruptive idea, supported by emerging preclinical and clinical evidence, is that intravenously injected cells can produce beneficial effects on the heart, presumably via release of paracrine factors in extracardiac organs or endocrine factors into the systemic circulation. Intravenous administration would obviate the need for direct delivery of cells to the heart, making cell therapy simpler, cheaper, safer, more scalable, and more broadly available, even on an outpatient basis. Although the mechanism of action of cell therapy remains elusive, there is compelling in vitro evidence that transplanted cells modulate the function of various immune cell types via release of paracrine factors, such as extracellular vesicles, although in vivo evidence is still limited. Investigation of the new paradigms reviewed herein should be a top priority because it may profoundly transform cell therapy and finally make it a reality.
Diaspora Engagement in Development
Authors: Mekonnen Mulugeta Bezabih , Lohnert Beate
Published: July 2018

With a tenfold increase in remittance flows over the last 25 years, the diaspora’s role in the development efforts of the countries of the global South has gained broader interest from both researchers and receiving countries. Besides financial remittances, flows of skills, knowledge, and social remittances have also gained more attention, particularly the relevance of diaspora associations as drivers of development processes. In this article, we explore the role of Ethiopian diaspora associations in Germany for their home country, the changing Ethiopian diaspora policy, and the support programs for diaspora engagement from the German side. By looking more closely at two Ethiopian diaspora associations, we investigate their impact under the current political framework conditions.
A Quantitative Approach to Characterize Total Ionizing Dose Effect of Periphery Device for 65 nm Flash Memory
Authors: Jiang Dandan , Jin Lei , Huo Zongliang
Published: July 2018

To evaluate the total ionizing dose (TID) response of periphery devices with 65 nm flash memory, the TID effects of the main and parasitic transistor have been investigated based on the proposed novel parameter extraction approach. By analyzing post-radiation behavior of the device's
drain current and interface trap density, it has been proven that the parasitic transistor demonstrates stronger radiation dependence than the main transistor. With the proposed approach, the roles of the parasitic transistor and main transistor in the TID effect are quantitatively characterized.
For a W =10 μm HVN device, the main transistor Vth shows a shift of <0.1 V with a TID of 100 krad (Si), while the parasitic transistor shows shift >0.5 V with 100 krad (Si) radiation. It is concluded that the net positive charge accumulating in the
shallow trench isolation oxide is responsible for the TID induced leakage and the Vth shift in the flash technology periphery device.
Successful Treatment of a Case of Intracranial Infection Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumonia After Craniocerebral Operation in Patient with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zhu Xianchun , Wang Jing , Huang Youmei , Zhang Huaping
Published: July 2018

Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is one of the most common clinical drug-resistant bacteria, which is mainly related to the production of broad-spectrum beta lactamase and cephalosporin hydrolase. Carbapenems, an atypical beta lactam antibiotic, has been the most effective antibiotic for
the treatment of bacterial infections caused by KP in hospital. However, with the extensive application of carbapenem antibiotics in clinic, many reports on carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella Pneumonia (CRKP) have appeared in many parts of the world. The CRKP could cause a higher mortality and
morbidity. Here, we report a 26-year-old male patient with severe traumatic brain injury who underwent intracranial infection caused by CRKP after craniocerebral operation. He was successfully cured with a combination of emergency craniotomy, multidisciplinary consultation, effective nursing
and strict quarantine measures. In the present report, we emphasize the effective nursing and strict quarantine measures, which contribute to the treatment of bacterial infections caused by KP.
Enhanced Light Absorption in Concentrated GaInP/GaAs/Ge Solar Cells Using a Secondary Optical Element with Subwavelength Structures
Authors: Jeong Ho-Jung , Kim Dae-Seon , Kim Sung-Bin , Park Chan-Kyu , Yun Ju-Hyung , Jang Jae-Hyung
Published: July 2018

A secondary optical element (SOE) with a subwavelength structure (SWS) was developed and incorporated on a GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cell. The nanoscale SWS was realized by dry etching using a silver (Ag) nanomask. The fabricated SWS SOE was mounted on a triple-junction solar
cell. The SWS SOE exhibited improved transmittance in the broadband wavelength range from 350 to 1800 nm. Compared with SOE without SWS, the average transmittance was improved by 2.43%. The power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of the CPV module with the SWS SOE was 28.4%, whereas the PCE of the
module without SWS was 27.8%. The enhanced efficiency of the CPV module is ascribed to improved current density due to reduced reflection losses at the surface of the SWS SOE.
Evolving Relative Importance of the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic in Anthropogenic Ocean Heat Uptake
Authors: Shi Jia-Rui , Xie Shang-Ping , Talley Lynne D.
Published: July 2018

Ocean uptake of anthropogenic heat over the past 15 years has mostly occurred in the Southern Ocean, based on Argo float observations. This agrees with historical simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), where the Southern Ocean (south of 30°S) accounts for 72% ± 28% of global heat uptake, while the contribution from the North Atlantic north of 30°N is only 6%. Aerosols preferentially cool the Northern Hemisphere, and the effect on surface heat flux over the subpolar North Atlantic opposes the greenhouse gas (GHG) effect in nearly equal magnitude. This heat uptake compensation is associated with weakening (strengthening) of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in response to GHG (aerosol) radiative forcing. Aerosols are projected to decline in the near future, reinforcing the greenhouse effect on the North Atlantic heat uptake. As a result, the Southern Ocean, which will continue to take up anthropogenic heat largely through the mean upwelling of water from depth, will be joined by increased relative contribution from the North Atlantic because of substantial AMOC slowdown in the twenty-first century. In the RCP8.5 scenario, the percentage contribution to global uptake is projected to decrease to 48% ± 8% in the Southern Ocean and increase to 26% ± 6% in the northern North Atlantic. Despite the large uncertainty in the magnitude of projected aerosol forcing, our results suggest that anthropogenic aerosols, given their geographic distributions and temporal trajectories, strongly influence the high-latitude ocean heat uptake and interhemispheric asymmetry through AMOC change.
Depth-Average Velocity from Spray Underwater Gliders
Authors: Rudnick Daniel L. , Sherman Jeffrey T. , Wu Alexander P.
Published: July 2018

The depth-average velocity is routinely calculated using data from underwater gliders. The calculation is a dead reckoning, where the difference between the glider’s velocity over ground and its velocity through water yields the water velocity averaged over the glider’s dive path. Given the accuracy of global positioning system navigation and the typical 3–6-h dive cycle, the accuracy of the depth-average velocity is overwhelmingly dependent on the accurate estimation of the glider’s velocity through water. The calculation of glider velocity through water for the Spray underwater glider is described. The accuracy of this calculation is addressed using a method similar to that used with shipboard acoustic Doppler current profilers, where water velocity is compared before and after turns to determine a gain to apply to glider velocity through water. Differences of this gain from an ideal value of one are used to evaluate accuracy. Sustained glider observations of several years off California and Palau consisted of missions involving repeated straight sections, producing hundreds of turns. The root-mean-square accuracy of depth-average velocity is estimated to be in the range of 0.01–0.02 m s−1, consistent with inferences from the early days of underwater glider design.
Intra-District Student Mobility, School Discipline and Gender: Evidence From Clark County, Nevada
Authors: Welsh Richard O.
Published: July 2018

Student mobility and school discipline are two prominent challenges in urban school districts. The interaction of gender with school discipline in shaping patterns of student mobility has received little attention. This article examines student mobility patterns across gender and the timing of school changes in Clark County, Nevada. The findings draw attention to discipline-related mobility or the placement of students in alternative schools, especially during the school year. Male students are more likely to switch schools mid-year than female students, and the disproportionate rates of student mobility between male and female students can be explained by disciplinary incidents. Gender is a significant predictor of the destination school quality of discipline-related movers. Policy implications and areas for future research are discussed.
A Call for Open Science in Giftedness Research
Authors: McBee Matthew T. , Makel Matthew C. , Peters Scott J. , Matthews Michael S.
Published: July 2018

Current practices in study design and data analysis have led to low reproducibility and replicability of findings in fields such as psychology, medicine, biology, and economics. Because gifted education research relies on the same underlying statistical and sociological paradigms, it is likely that it too suffers from these problems. This article discusses the origin of the poor replicability and introduces a set of open science practices that can increase the rigor and trustworthiness of gifted education’s scientific findings: preregistration, open data and open materials, registered reports, and preprints. Readers are directed to Internet resources for facilitating open science. To model these practices, a pre peer-review preprint of this article is available at https://psyarxiv.com/nhuv3/ .
Imagining Africa’s futures in two Caine Prize-winning stories: Henrietta Rose-Innes’s “Poison” and NoViolet Bulawayo’s “Hitting Budapest”
Authors: Akpome Aghogho
Published: July 2018

Since its launch in 1999, the annual Caine Prize for African short stories has assumed a dominant position on the continent’s literary landscape. It has been hailed for the exposure it provides for its winners who are mostly budding writers. Expectedly, it has also attracted stinging criticism, especially for what is perceived to be its legitimization of stereotypical narratives about Africa. In this article, I examine how the two winning entries of 2008 and 2011 represent contemporary African realities and in so doing reinforce the growing significance of the prize and the short story genre to modern African literary expression. I argue that, taken together, Henrietta Rose-Innes’ “Poison” (2007) and NoViolet Bulawayo’s “Hitting Budapest” (2010), both set in cities, contribute to problematic imaginings of African futures. Bulawayo does this through her representation of slum life and dystopian childhoods in Zimbabwe while Rose-Innes’s story speculates on the apocalyptic aftermath of a chemical explosion in post-apartheid South Africa. I highlight, also, how these two narratives reflect apparent relationships between the short story and the novel in contemporary African writing as well as the increasing role of the postcolonial city as a site from which unfavourable visions of postcolonial societies are generated.
Opioid Abuse as Maladaptive Coping to Life Stressors in U.S. Adults
Authors: Hendy Helen M. , Black Pamela , Can S. Hakan , Fleischut Alicia , Aksen Damla
Published: July 2018

The Threat Appraisal and Coping Theory suggests that when individuals face life stressors, especially if they have poor self-esteem, they may rely on maladaptive coping behaviors that ease distress but worsen their condition over time. The present study compared five life stressors (health, money, work, family, romance) for their association with opioid use, then examined poor self-esteem as a mediator of these associations. Study participants included 1,047 U.S. adults gathered in a quota sample by SurveyMonkey (54.3% women; 53.3% 45+ years of age; 76.7% White; 60.2% with US$50,000 or higher income; 11.1% using opioids). Participants completed online surveys to report demographics, five life stressors, self-esteem, and indications of opioid use as measured with the PROMIS Questionnaire. Pearson correlation found poor self-esteem associated with high opioid use; multiple regression found health, family, and romance stressors associated with high opioid use ( R2 = .089); and multiple regression found health, money, family, and romance stressors associated with poor self-esteem ( R2 = .283). Then, bootstrapping mediational analyses examined the sequence of HIGH LIFE STRESSORS → POOR SELF-ESTEEM → HIGH OPIOID USE, finding that poor self-esteem was a significant mediator between each life stressor (health, money, family, romance) and increased risk for opioid use. The present sample included mostly individuals with a White ethnic identity and high incomes, so future research should examine these patterns with more diverse samples. In addition, the amount of opioids consumed, present motivations for use, the sequence of events leading to present use, exposure to substance-abuse treatment, and where individuals presently are on the use-recovery process could moderate associations found between life stressors and opioid use.
Current debates in urban theory from a scale perspective: Introducing a scenes approach
Authors: Wu Cary , Wilkes Rima , Silver Daniel , Clark Terry Nichols
Published: July 2018

Cities, all over the world, have become more diverse than ever. This poses great challenges to urban studies and theorising. In this article, we review current debates in urban theory through Howitt’s (1998) three-facet conceptualisation of geographical scale and find that urban theorists have high levels of disagreement on the areal (scale as size), the hierarchical (scale as level) as well as the dialectical (scale as relation) aspects of the city. We show that, if urban theorists are to find a common approach to the city, we should contemplate: 1) what cities to study; 2) from which geographical level(s); and 3) how the city relates to other entities. We illustrate how the theory of urban scenes could potentially be used to address these debates in urban theory.
The Rhetoric of Self-Ownership
Authors: Shanks Torrey
Published: July 2018

This essay considers self-ownership as a rhetorical and political practice. Scholarly attention to the rhetoric of self-ownership, notably in feminist theory, often rejects the term for its capacity to distort and fragment notions of the self, the body, social relations, and labor. The ambiguous character of self-ownership, in this view, carries the risk of subversion of more inclusive and relational uses. Adopting a broader notion of rhetoric as creative and effective speech, I recast self-ownership from this critical depiction through a revised understanding of C. B. Macpherson’s possessive individualism and then to the texts of John Locke, the Levellers, and the Putney Debates. These early-modern exemplars offer insights into the political promises and risks of the rhetoric of self-ownership that contemporary critics obscure. The ambiguity and plurality too often rendered as a liability for self-ownership instead offer conditions for its agonistic invocation for novel claims and emerging audiences.
Can digitisation help overcome linguistic and strategic disadvantages in international media markets? Exploring cross-border business opportunities for German-language media companies
Authors: von Rimscha M Bjørn , Möller Johanna , Voci Denise , Nölleke-Przybylski Pamela , Altmeppen Klaus-Dieter , Karmasin Matthias
Published: July 2018

The media economy and production literature offers insights into the international activities of media companies that provide products in ‘world languages’. Researchers point out that English-language content and, thus, English-language companies have a linguistic advantage and dominate the global media market. In comparison, there is limited knowledge of how companies that originate from non-dominant-language territories expand their activities abroad. This is all the more relevant as digitisation and fragmentation transform markets and new business opportunities arise. Against this background, we ask whether media companies from non-dominant-language markets can benefit from new constellations and business models to overcome linguistic and strategic disadvantages. We use the example of German-language media companies to explore whether and how digitisation and, to some extent, fragmentation mediate the cross-border activities of non-dominant-language media companies. Using qualitative interviews with top media managers, we address their market perceptions and strategies regarding cross-border activities. In sum, market hierarchies remain persistent, as new challenges, such as portfolio redefinition and rising competition, emerge. However, companies focusing on generic products or niche markets can benefit from digitisation, as can companies that have already grew large and overcome their linguistic constraints.
Ethnonationalism and attitudes towards same-sex marriage and abortion in Northern Ireland
Authors: Hayes Bernadette C , Nagle John
Published: July 2018

The issue of sexuality and human rights has generated increasing international attention in recent years. This is particularly the case in societies emerging from chronic ethnonationalist conflict, where scholarly debates on the impact of ethnonationalism on sexual rights, such as abortion and the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender people (LGBT), generate much controversy and division. It is with this disagreement in mind that this paper focuses on the influence of ethnonationalism on attitudes towards the legalisation of same-sex marriage and abortion. Using nationally representative data from Northern Ireland, the results suggest that while ethnonational identity is a significant positive determinant of attitudes towards same-sex marriage within both the Catholic population and among supporters of their main political party (Sinn Féin), it is also a key negative predictor of attitudes to abortion, albeit solely among Sinn Féin supporters.
Money, Time, or Something Else? Measuring Nonresident Fathers’ Informal and In-Kind Contributions
Authors: Waller Maureen R. , Emory Allison Dwyer , Paul Elise
Published: July 2018

Despite efforts to improve the measurement of low-income, nonresident fathers’ economic contributions to children in large-scale surveys, limited research has examined how survey measures of informal and in-kind support relate to other standard indicators of fathering. Drawing on data from a large sample of separated parents ( N = 1,381) and matched nonresident father–child pairs ( n = 846) in the Fragile Families Study, our results show that in-kind and informal support represent the same construct, and that this construct differs from both formal child support and fathers’ time with children. In comparison with formal child support, informal and in-kind support measures converged more strongly with indicators of the quality and quantity of time spent with children, consistent with recent conceptualizations of involved fathering. Informal and in-kind support measures were also more predictive of closeness in the nonresident father–child relationship, supporting qualitative research about its emotional significance in low-income families.
Educating parents in aquatics activities for children with visual impairmentsw
Authors: Norris Michael L , Toole Karen M , Columna Luis
Published: July 2018

Aquatics are the number one physical activity among children with visual impairments (VI). Because parents may lack proper skills in teaching their children with VI how to swim, in some cases, they are not able to enjoy one of their favorite activities. The purpose of this article is to present a description of an aquatic workshop for parents who were presented within the context of the Fit Families program for children with VI. The workshop informed parents of aquatic opportunities and skills they could implement for their child in the water. This workshop also allowed parents to learn and practice how to use an aquatic assessment instrument, as well as discover a variety of new aquatic games and activities. With guidance from aquatic experts and university student volunteers, families participated in meaningful aquatic experiences. This dual approach facilitated the development of their competency in the water and determined a starting point for future swimming instruction.
A Ten Country-Company Study of Sustainability and Product-Market Performance
Authors: Hult G. Tomas M. , Mena Jeannette A. , Gonzalez-Perez Maria Alejandra , Lagerström Katarina , Hult Daniel T.
Published: July 2018

Countries, companies, and customers are becoming increasingly concerned with sustainability. However, it is unclear how much increased cost, if any, companies are willing to tolerate for sustainability efforts at the rate of potentially lower profits. Plus, what are the customers’ sensitivities to the prices of products/services that are developed within the realm of sustainability initiatives (e.g., how much more can the products/services cost and still be viable)? Additionally, with 193 countries of the United Nations ratifying the Sustainable Development Goals, we know that countries are focused on sustainability, but can companies achieve positive sustainability effects on performance above what countries are doing? Consequently, what are the macro-micro dynamics in play for sustainability efforts? In a 10-country study involving 4,051 companies, we examine these macro-micro (country-company) dynamics, company costs, customer costs, and price sensitivities on the effects of sustainability on companies’ performance. The results indicate that positive effects on companies’ performance can be achieved (1) from the companies’ sustainability efforts in all 10 countries studied, (2) even if the costs and/or prices increased by 27 to 72 percent (depending on the dynamic and scenario), and (3) by companies implementing sustainability efforts that are 5 to 30 percent above the efforts of the country. Increased sustainability effects can also be gained from lowering customer and company costs, but no such effects were found when lowering product prices.