bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTITY AND GENDER EQUALITY IN ROMANIA A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: IFTIMOAEI CIPRIAN , GABOR VICENŢIU-ROBERT
Published: January 2022

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is the paradigm in which international organizations, UN member states, national, regional and local authorities  act together to solve the concrete problems facing the world today. Although women and girls represent more than half of the world's population, they do not enjoy the same rights and freedom everywhere. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 of the 2030 Agenda proposes to empower  women  by promoting  equal opportunities  for women  and  men  around  the world,   facilitating   women's   access   to   education,   training   and   careers,   ensuring participation in political decision-making and in the management positions of companies, providing  solutions  to accommodate the  time spent  for childcare and family with  the work schedule, preventing and combating all forms of violence against girls and women, improving their access to health and reproductive services. Starting from the targets and indicators  associated with SDG 5, this study proposes a quantitative  assessment  of the quality of life of women in Romania. In this regard, we used data provided by Eurostat, the National Institute of Statistics, the National Commission for Strategy and Forecasting, as well as data from the reports of the National Agency for Equal Opportunities between Women and Men and the European Institute for Gender Equality. To verify the working hypotheses  (research  questions)  we  used  descriptive  statistical  analysis  with  SPSS, Pearson correlation and linear regression processed with the XLSTAT program, graphical representation  techniques with PHILCARTO software.
HYPOSTASES OF OTHERNESS AND SOCIAL SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE CHURCH
Authors: MÂŢĂ ILARION
Published: January 2022

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The Use of New Technologies by Companies: What Threshold?
Authors: Njocke Martin
Published: January 2022

New information and communication technologies represent a major tool for companies which are involved in a competition by quantities. Their effect is diversely appreciated following the nature of the information (symmetrical or asymmetrical). This work allows us to highlight the Solow paradox which stipulates substantially that: « you can see the computer age everywhere except in the productivity statistics ». that can be understood as: « new information and communication technologies can be seen everywhere except in the productivity statistics ». The main result of this paper clearly shows that beyond a given threshold, the use of technology by companies are no longer profitable because market shares remain stable.
PROBLEMS OF ESTABLISHING LEGAL LIABILITY FOR HARM ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Быстров Д.С. , Кузьмин И.А.
Published: January 2022

В статье анализируются отдельные правовые и моральные проблемы, возникающие в ходе установления юридической ответственности за вред, связанный с применением технологий искусственного интеллекта. Ответственность в сфере применения технологий искусственного интеллекта затрагивает права и законные интересы как отдельно взятых граждан, так и государств, поддерживающих их разработку. Предложен авторский подход к решению вопроса об установлении юридической ответственности за вред, связанный с применением технологий искусственного интеллекта, в том числе определение субъекта-правонарушителя.

The article analyzes certain legal and moral problems arising in the course of establishing legal liability for harm associated with the use of artificial intelligence technologies. Liability in the field of application of artificial intelligence technologies affects the rights and legitimate interests of both individual citizens and states that support their development. The author's approach to resolving the issue of establishing legal liability for harm associated with the use of artificial intelligence technologies, including the definition of the offender, is proposed.
PROBLEMS OF EXCESSIVE LAWMAKING IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Винокуров В.А.
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена проблемам колоссального количества принимаемых Государственной Думой федеральных законов, а также связанных с этими вопросами слабым пониманием законодательных актов должностными лицами и обычными гражданами, что в результате влечет практическое неисполнение законов. К статье прилагается таблица, в которой приведено количество принятых федеральных законов за период с 1994 по 2020 год. Используя количественные данные, автором выявлены причины чрезмерного законотворчества, условия, способствующие появлению большого числа законов. По итогам рассмотрения изложенных вопросов автором сформулированы выводы и предложения.

The article is devoted to the problems of a huge number of federal laws adopted by the State Duma, as well as the weak understanding of legislative acts by officials and ordinary citizens related to these issues, which as a result entails practical non-enforcement of laws. The article is accompanied by a table showing the number of adopted federal laws for the period from 1994 to 2020. Using quantitative data, the author identifies the causes of excessive lawmaking, the conditions that contribute to the emergence of a large number of laws. Based on the results of the consideration of the above issues, the author formulated conclusions and proposals.
INFORMATION LEGAL OBJECTIVITY
Authors: Волков Ю.В.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассмотрены основные подходы к решению проблемы информационной правосубъектности. В ходе исследования проведён анализ основных мнений по проблеме. Выделены и рассмотрены различные подходы к понятию правосубъектности в информационной сфере, проведён сравнительный анализ. В ходе исследования применялись диалектический, формально-юридический, сравнительный методы. Констатирован базовый уровень представлений об информационной правосубъектности, которые могут быть использованы для дальнейших исследований, а также в образовательном процессе для факультативных курсов или в работе студенческих научных кружков.

The article discusses the main approaches to solving the problem of information legal personality. In the paper an analysis of the main opinions on the problem was carried out. Various approaches to the concept of legal personality in the information sphere are highlighted and considered, a comparative analysis is carried out. In the course of the study, dialectical, formal-legal, comparative methods were used. The basic level of ideas about informational legal personality is stated. The result of the research can be used for further research and in the educational process for optional courses or student scientific circles.
EXTRADITION AND CERTAIN ASPECTS OF ITS REGULATION IN BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
Authors: Иванов С.А. , Середа Е.В.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются понятие экстрадиции, а также двусторонние и многосторонние международные соглашения, заключенные по вопросам выдачи подозреваемых, обвиняемых и осужденных, подписанные и ратифицированные государствами Европы, а также всеми государствами – членами Организации Объединенных Наций. Особое внимание в статье уделено договорам, заключенным между государствами, входящими в СНГ, что объясняется активными миграционными процессами, характерными для наших стран, а также нашей общей историей. В статье акцентируется внимание на необходимости дальнейшего развития института экстрадиции и в качестве примера указывается на возможность создания такого единого института для отдельно взятой группы стран по подобию Европейского ордера на арест.

Article discusses the concept of extradition, as well as bilateral and multilateral international agreements concluded on the extradition of suspects, accused and convicted persons, signed and ratified by European States, as well as by all Member States of the United Nations. The article pays special attention to the agreements concluded between the CIS member states, which is explained by the active migration processes characteristic of our countries, as well as our common history. The article focuses on the need for further development of the institution of extradition and, as an example, points to the possibility of creating a single such institution for a single group of countries in the likeness of a European arrest warrant.
THE CONCEPT OF "RECOGNITION" IN THE TEACHING OF LAW G.V.F. HEGEL IN THE MANUSCRIPT "THE JENA REAL PHILO-SOPHIA"
Authors: Максимов А.А. , Комаров С.А.
Published: January 2022

В статье дается анализ «признания» как существенного элемента правовых отношений, что у Г.В.Ф. Гегеля означает отношение к «Другому» как к свободному и как к равному мне в этой свободе индивидууму. Понимание права в контексте проблематики «признания» составляет важную отличительную черту гегелевской теории права. В своем развернутом и систематизированном виде учение о «признании» в праве было изложено в параграфе «Бытие в признанности» (Annerkantsein) в неопубликованной рукописи «Йенская реальная философия», которая именно поэтому сохраняет свою актуальность для истории и теории государства и права.

The article analyzes the "recognition" as an essential element of legal relations, that GVF. Hegel means the attitude to the "Other" as to the free and as an individual equal to me in this freedom. Understanding law in the context of the “recognition” problem is an important distinguishing feature of Hegel's theory of law. In its expanded and systematized form, the doctrine of "recognition" in law was set forth in the paragraph "Being in recognition" (Annerkantsein) in the unpublished manuscript "Jena's real philosophy", which for this reason remains relevant for the history and theory of state and law.
Diario de una pandemia
Authors: Cárdenas Blanca
Published: January 2022

Reseña

Pablo Amadeo (coord.). Sopa de Wuhan. Pensamiento contemporáneo en tiempos de pandemias. ASPO. Argentina. 2020.
Why do mexicans report so little crime? The determinants of crime reporting in Mexico
Authors: Carreto Romero Constantino , Ramírez-Álvarez Aurora A.
Published: January 2022

We analyze the factors that explain a victim’s decision to report burglary, public theft, extortion, and fraud to the public prosecutor’s office in Mexico. Using a probit model and combining survey and census data, we examine how reporting is explained by the sociodemographic characteristics of the victim, variables describing the incident, the victim’s perceptions regarding police and public safety, and regional characteristics regarding public safety and government. Results show that variables describing the incident are the most consistent predictors across all crime types, while some sociodemographic characteristics are relevant for specific types. Our results for victims’ perceptions and community characteristics show that increasing perception of police corruption reduces burglary reporting and that a greater generalized perception of police corruption reduces fraud reporting. These results suggest that there is room for increasing crime reporting by policies oriented to reduce police corruption and improve the population’s perception of the police.
Wachstumssprung bei Kaufland
Authors: Stockburger Manfred
Published: January 2022

Kaufland ist auf der Überholspur. Nicht zuletzt durch die Übernahme von bislang 60 Real-Märkten sollten die Neckarsulmer ihren Umsatz im Inland erneut zweistellig steigern können.
Henkel plant mit weniger Wachstum
Authors: Brändlein Philip
Published: January 2022

Henkel plant Preiserhöhungen – auf Kosten des Wachstums. Der Persil-Hersteller argumentiert mit Kostensteigerungen. Die Öko-Marke Love Nature ist eine Ausnahme: Sie macht der Konzern günstiger. Denn ihr Marktanteil ist noch immer gering.
Unilever zieht bei GSK-Angebot die Reißleine
Authors: Chwallek Andreas , Sachsenröder Delphine
Published: January 2022

Unilever will sein Angebot für Glaxosmithklines Konsumgütersparte nicht nachbessern. Der Rückzieher des Konzerns folgt deutlicher Kritik an den Aktienmärkten. Eine Ratingagentur hatte mit Herabstufung gedroht.
„Ich will Fairness, mehr nicht!“
Authors: Wessel Andrea
Published: January 2022

Rudolf Behr, Inhaber der Behr AG, gehört zu den Großen der Gemüsebranche. Er fordert Fairness vom Handel und von der Politik mehr Bezug zur Realität.
Nachhaltigkeit auf allen Kanälen
Authors: Rück Daniela , Becker Jessica
Published: January 2022

Rewe, Edeka und Kaufland nehmen allesamt in ihren gerade gestarteten Werbeoffensiven die Verbraucher in die Pflicht. Die Auftritte sollen die Kunden zu einem nachhaltigen Konsum animieren. Edeka verändert dafür sogar seinen bekannten Claim „Wir lieben Lebensmittel“.
„Das Richtige für den Planeten zu tun, kann lecker schmecken“
Authors: Nusser Bernd
Published: January 2022

Obwohl der Markt für pflanzenbasierte Produkte stetig wächst, erhöht Alpro den Werbedruck. Marketingleiter Patrick Neyret erklärt die Strategie.
Profino baut auf Marken mit Mehrwert
Authors: Mahr Matthias
Published: January 2022

Aktuell ist Profino mit seinen 14 Marken größtenteils im Fachhandel präsent. Das soll sich nun ändern. Mit Gunther Reinink heuerte ein ehemaliger Bünting-Category-Experte als Head of Sales an.
Landwirte profitieren vom Bioengineering
Authors: Köhn Julia
Published: January 2022

Die Produktion von pflanzlichen Proteinen aus Biomasse steht derzeit im Fokus vieler Start-ups aus der Lebensmittelbranche. Dabei kommen Methoden aus dem Bioengineering zum Einsatz, die auch im Pflanzenschutz vielfältige Möglichkeiten bieten. Manches davon mag zunächst wie Science-Fiction klingen, könnte aber schon in wenigen Jahren Realität sein.
Disaster Series: Disaster Planning for Perinatal/Neonatal Medicine: Rethinking the Process and Caring for Mothers. Infants and Technology Dependent Infants - The Time is NOW
Authors: van Stralen Daved , Fayard Elba , Paz Julia , Shelby Louisa , Goldstein Mitchell , Merritt TA
Published: January 2022

None.
Application of selected ionic liquids for different separation problems : liquid-liquid equilibria and activity coefficients at infinite dilution
Authors:   , Kabane Bakusele
Published: January 2022

This work focusses on the application and pre-screening of selected ILs for different industrial separation problems based on limiting activity coefficients at infinite dilution, and liquid-liquid equilibrium data at different temperatures. The selected ionic liquids for pre-screening based on activity coefficients at infinite dilution data include (1,3- dimethyimidazolium dimethylphosphate, trioctylmethylammonium chloride, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl-N-methyl-2- oxopyrrolidinium chloride, 2,3-epoxypropyl methyl-2-oxopyrrolidinium chloride) and deep eutectic solvent (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride + glycerol) at 1:2 molar ratio. These ionic liquids were tested in 33 solutes (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, tetrahydrofuran, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, thiophene, acetonitrile) and water at T = (313 – 343) K and at p = 101 kPa. The use of ionic liquid as a stationary phase on the column loading ranged between (30 – 36) % by mass. Thermodynamic functions at infinite dilution such as (Gibbs free energy, , entropy term, Tref and partial molar enthalpy, ) were also computed to further elucidate the types of intermolecular interactions existing between solutes and the investigated ionic liquids. The separation potential of the ionic liquids was determined from the selectivity ( ), and capacity ( ), values. Different ionic liquids (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolim dicyanamide, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate) were also tested in the separation of azeotropic mixture (ethyl acetate/hexane) and in the desulfurization (thiophene/hexadecane or octane) process. The extraction process was conducted at varying temperatures, T = (308 and 298) K and at p = 101 kPa. The results were compared to previously published ionic liquids involving thermodynamic data found in the literature. The separation capacity was based on the calculated values of selectivities (S) and distribution ratio (β). The data was successfully correlated using the thermodynamic non-random two liquids (NRTL). From this study, it was found that the investigated ionic liquids showed some possible application for selected industrial separation problems.
Fen Bilgisi Eğitimi Doktora Öğrencilerinin Karşılaştıkları Problemler ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: NACAROĞLU Oğuzhan , BEKTAS Oktay
Published: January 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, bir devlet üniversitesinde fen bilgisi eğitiminde öğrenim gören doktora öğrencilerinin, doktora eğitimi süresince karşılaştıkları problemleri ve bu problemlere yönelik öğrencilerin çözüm önerilerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yöntemi desenlerinden fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu fen bilgisi eğitiminde öğrenim gören beş doktora öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi tümevarımsal içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre kodlar, kategoriler ve temalar oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda fen bilgisi eğitimi doktora programında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin doktora programına kabul edilme sınavından tez teslimine kadar geçen sürede birçok problemlerle karşılaştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu problemlere ders kredilerinin az olması nedeniyle alınan ders sayısının fazla olması, yeterlik sınavının kapsamının çok geniş ve hazırlık süresinin kısa olması, öğrencilerin bu alandan mezun olduktan sonra üniversiteler bünyesinde kadro bulmada sorun yaşamaları örnek verilebilir. Öğrenciler ders kredilerinin yükseltilmesi, öğretim üyelerinin ders açmalarının sağlanması, eğitim kökenli doktora mezunlarının kadroya alınması şeklinde önerilerde bulunmuşlardır. Doktora öğrencilerinin görüşleri doğrultusunda gerekli düzenlemelerin yapılması ve somut adımların atılabilmesi için çalışmanın kapsamının genişletilmesi önerilmektedir.
Reclaiming Rubbish: Feiwu at the Intersection of Gender, Class, and Disability in Xiao Hong’s Market Street and Field of Life and Death
Authors:   University of Oxford, Jortay Coraline
Published: January 2022

This article revisits Xiao Hong’s Field of Life and Death (Shengsi chang 生死場, 1935) and Market Street (Shangshi jie商市街, 1936) against sources from the periodical press to explore how Xiao Hong’s works speak back to discourses on “rubbish” (feiwu 廢物), a slur that was frequently used to refer to disabled people, to people of lower social status, and to women during the Republican period. In particular, I explore how the category of feiwu lays bare processes of marginalisation and dehumanisation, contextualising literary excerpts against New Life Movement slogans, satirical cartoons, and homemaking or hygienist press articles. I show how Xiao Hong’s works build through the category of feiwu a counter-discourse bearing on the representational entanglements of gender, class and disability, as materialised through animals (in Field of Life and Death) and through objects (in Market Street). In doing so, I contribute to a conceptual history of feiwu, and I extend existing scholarship concerned with literary representations of disability in China into the Republican period – a budding subfield that has so far mainly focused on works produced since the foundation of the People’s Republic in 1949.
سیرت النبیﷺ میں شبلی نعمانی کا اسلوبِ تحقیق
Authors: Shah Mutahir , Bibi Dr.Saira Irshad , Bibi Brakhna
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Lots of books have been written on prophet’s character in multiple languages including namely Arabic, Perssian and Urdu. One of the prominent books written on prophets character in Urdu language is that of Allama Shibli Noomani’s book “Seerat.un.Nabi” which carries an immense reservoir of arguments, an impressive style of research and a miraculous collection of exemplary stylistic statements. Apart from (Sirat.un.Nabi) Shibli Noumani has written many others books, but the only book that Shibli Noumani has always had pride upon, is Seert.un, Nabi. Prophet’s life and overall contributions towards humanity have been given in this book with a distinctive vision, a remarkable pattern and accompanied by deep research. This book is one of the best examples of conciseness based upon better research style. One of Shibli Noumani’s best research styles and writing traits have been covered in this article.
Üst Hakkı’nın Gayrimenkulün Değerine Etkisi
Authors: ÖZPAK Tayfun
Published: January 2022

Gayrimenkul değerleme sektörü dünyayla paralel olarak Türkiye’de de son yıllarda büyümeye başlamış bir sektördür. Lisanslı değerleme firmalarının sayılarının artmasıyla değerleme raporlarının da hem sayıları hem de çeşitliliği gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu hızlı büyümenin ve çeşitliliğin sonucunda farklı türdeki gayrimenkullerin değerlerinin belirlenmesi ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde özellikle bireylerin ve şirketlerin kredi başvurularının artmasıyla ve aynı zamanda, emlak vergilerinin ya da harçlarının belirlenmesi ile ilgili olarak gayrimenkullerin değerlerinin doğru olarak belirlenmesi son derece önemlidir. Üst hakkı neticesinde inşa edilmiş yapıların değerinin belirlenmesinde ise farklı yorumlarla karşılaşılmaktadır. Üst haklarının değerlemesi ile ilgili olarak akademik literatürde bir boşluk olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca bu yorum farklılığı profesyonel lisanslı değerleme firmalarını da etkilemektedir. Bu makalede üst hakkı sahibi ve çıplak mülkiyet sahibi için değer kavramları karşılaştırılarak teorik bir temele oturtulmuştur ve grafik üzerinden kıyas yapılmıştır. Türk Medeni Kanunu (TMK) başta olmak üzere hukuki metinlerden de yararlanılmıştır. Bunların yanında, değerleme raporlarında kullanılan yöntemlere dayanılarak oluşturulmuş verilerden de faydalanılmıştır.
Distribution and stable carbon isotopic composition of dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in fresh and aged biomass burning aerosols
Authors: Shen Minxia , Ho Kin Fai , Dai Wenting , Liu Suixin , Zhang Ting , Wang Qiyuan , Meng Jingjing , Chow Judith C. , Watson John G. , Cao Junji , Li Jianjun
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) is a significant source for dicarboxylic acids (diacids) and related compounds that play important roles in atmospheric chemistry and climate change. In this study, a combustion chamber and oxidation flow reactor were used to generate fresh and aged aerosols from burned rice, maize, and wheat straw to investigate atmospheric aging and the stable carbon isotopic (δ13C) composition of these emissions. Succinic acid (C4) was the most abundant species in fresh samples; while, oxalic acid (C2) became dominant after atmospheric aging. Of all diacids, C2 had the highest aged to fresh emission ratios of 50.8 to 64.5, suggesting that C2 is largely produced through secondary photochemical processes. Compared with fresh samples, the emission factors of ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls increased after 2-day but decreased after 7-day aging, indicating short residence time and further atmospheric degradation from 2- to 7-days. The C2 δ13C values for aged biomass samples were higher than those of urban aerosols but lower than marine or mountain aerosols, and the C2 δ13C became isotopically heavier during aging. Relationships between the reduction in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as toluene, benzene, and isoprene, and increase in dicarboxylic acids after 2-day aging indicate that these volatile organic compounds led to the formation of dicarboxylic acids.
Satellite-based evidence of regional and seasonal Arctic cooling by brighter and wetter clouds
Authors: Lelli Luca , Vountas Marco , Khosravi Narges , Burrows John Philipp
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Using two decades of satellite-based measurements of reflectance of solar radiation at the top-of-atmosphere and a complementary record of cloud properties, it is concluded that the loss of Arctic brightness due to sea ice retreat is not compensated by a pan-Arctic increase in cloudiness, but rather by a systematic change in the thermodynamic phase of cloud and a resultant effect on cloud reflectance. Liquid water content of the clouds has increased resulting in positive trends in susceptible cloud properties. Consequently, a cooling trend by clouds is superimposed on top of the pan-Arctic amplified warming, induced by the anthropogenic release of greenhouse gases, the ice albedo feedback and related effects. Except above the permanent and marginal sea ice zone around the Arctic circle, the rate of surface cooling by clouds has increased, both in spring (−32 % in total radiative forcing for the whole Arctic) and in summer (−14 %). The magnitude of this effect depends on both the underlying surface type and changes in the regional Arctic climate.
Impact of Holuhraun volcano aerosols on clouds in cloud-system resolving simulations
Authors: Haghighatnasab Mahnoosh , Kretzschmar Jan , Block Karoline , Quaas Johannes
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Increased anthropogenic aerosols result in an enhancement in cloud droplet number concentration (Nd), which consequently modifies the cloud and precipitation process. It is unclear how exactly cloud liquid water path (LWP) and cloud fraction respond to aerosol perturbations. A volcanic eruption may help to better understand and quantify the cloud response to external perturbations, with a focus on the short-term cloud adjustments. The goal of the present study is to understand and quantify the response of clouds to a selected volcanic eruption and to thereby advance the fundamental understanding of the cloud response to external forcing. In this study we used the ICON (ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic) model in its numerical weather prediction setup at a cloud-system-resolving resolution of 2.5 km horizontally, to simulate the region around the Holuhraun volcano for one week (1–7 September 2014). A pair of simulations, with and without the volcanic aerosol plume, allowed us to assess the simulated effective radiative forcing and its mechanisms, as well as its impact on adjustments of LWP and cloud fraction to the perturbations of Nd. In comparison to MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite retrievals, a clear enhancement of Nd due to the volcanic aerosol is detected and attributed. In contrast, no changes in either LWP or cloud fraction could be attributed. The on average almost unchanged LWP is a result of some LWP enhancement for thick, and a decrease for thin clouds.
Tropospheric ozone changes and ozone sensitivity from the present day to the future under shared socio-economic pathways
Authors: Liu Zhenze , Doherty Ruth M. , Wild Oliver , O'Connor Fiona M. , Turnock Steven T.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone is important to future air quality and climate. We investigate ozone changes and ozone sensitivity to changing emissions in the context of climate change from the present day (2004–2014) to the future (2045–2055) under a range of shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs). We apply the United Kingdom Earth System Model, UKESM1, with an extended chemistry scheme including more reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to quantify ozone burdens as well as ozone sensitivities globally and regionally based on nitrogen oxide (NOx) and VOC mixing ratios. We show that the tropospheric ozone burden increases by 4 % under a development pathway with higher NOx and VOC emissions (SSP3-7.0) but decreases by 7 % under the same pathway if NOx and VOC emissions are reduced (SSP3-7.0-lowNTCF) and by 5 % if atmospheric methane (CH4) mixing ratios are reduced (SSP3-7.0-lowCH4). Global mean surface ozone mixing ratios are reduced by 3–5 ppb under SSP3-7.0-lowNTCF and by 2–3 ppb under SSP3-7.0-lowCH4. However, surface ozone changes vary substantially by season in high-emission regions under future pathways, with decreased ozone mixing ratios in summer and increased ozone mixing ratios in winter when NOx emissions are reduced. VOC-limited areas are more extensive in winter (7 %) than in summer (3 %) across the globe. North America, Europe, and East Asia are the dominant VOC-limited regions in the present day, but North America and Europe become more NOx-limited in the future mainly due to reductions in NOx emissions. The impacts of VOC emissions on ozone sensitivity are limited in North America and Europe because reduced anthropogenic VOC emissions are partly offset by higher biogenic VOC emissions. Ozone sensitivity is not greatly influenced by changing CH4 mixing ratios. South Asia becomes the dominant VOC-limited region under future pathways. We highlight that reductions in NOx emissions are required to transform ozone production from VOC to NOx limitation, but that these lead to increased ozone mixing ratios in high-emission regions, and hence emission controls on VOC and CH4 are also necessary.
Evaluation of soil carbon simulation in CMIP6 Earth System Models
Authors: Varney Rebecca M. , Chadburn Sarah E. , Burke Eleanor J. , Cox Peter M.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The response of soil carbon represents one of the key uncertainties in future climate change. The ability of Earth System Models (ESMs) to simulate present day soil carbon is therefore vital for reliable projections. In this study the most up-to-date CMIP6 ESMs are evaluated against empirical datasets to assess the ability of each model to simulate soil carbon and related controls: Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and soil carbon turnover time (τs). Comparing CMIP6 with CMIP5, uncertainties in modelled soil carbon remain, particularly the underestimation of northern high latitude soil carbon stocks. There is a robust improvement in the simulation of NPP in CMIP6 compared with CMIP5, however the same improvements are not seen in the simulation of τs. These results suggest a greater emphasis is required on improving the representation of below-ground soil processes in future developments of models. These improvements would help reduce the uncertainty of projected carbon release from global soils under climate change and to increase confidence in the carbon budgets associated with different levels of global warming.
Changes of the aerodynamic characteristics of a flux site after an extensive windthrow
Authors: Oliveira Bruna R. F. , Keizer Jan J. , Foken Thomas
Published: January 2022

Abstract. A maritime pine plantation in Central Portugal that has been continuously monitored using the eddy-covariance technique for carbon fluxes since a wildfire in 2017, was significantly affected by two storms during December 2019 that resulted in a large-sale windthrow. This study analyses the impacts of this windthrow on the aerodynamic characteristics of zero-plane displacement and roughness length, and, ultimately, their implications for the turbulent fluxes. The turbulent fluxes were only affected to a minor degree by the windthrow, but the footprint area of the flux tower changed markedly, so that the target area of the measurements had to be re-determined.
Atmospheric regional climate projections for the Baltic Sea region until 2100
Authors: Christensen Ole Bøssing , Kjellström Erik , Dieterich Christian , Gröger Matthias , Meier Hans Eberhard Markus
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The Baltic Sea region is very sensitive to climate change; it is a
region with spatially varying climate and diverse ecosystems, but it is also
under pressure due to a high population in large parts of the area. Climate
change impacts could easily exacerbate other anthropogenic stressors such as
biodiversity stress from society and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea
considerably. Therefore, there has been a focus on estimations of future
climate change and its impacts in recent research. In this overview paper,
we will concentrate on a presentation of recent climate projections from
12.5 km horizontal resolution atmosphere-only regional climate models from
Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment – European domain (EURO-CORDEX).
Comparison will also be done with corresponding prior results
as well as with coupled atmosphere–ocean regional climate models. The recent
regional climate model projections strengthen the conclusions from previous
assessments. This includes a strong warming, in particular in the north in
winter. Precipitation is projected to increase in the whole region apart
from the southern half during summer. Consequently, the new results lend
more credibility to estimates of uncertainties and robust features of future
climate change. Furthermore, the larger number of scenarios gives
opportunities to better address impacts of mitigation measures. In
simulations with a coupled atmosphere–ocean model, the climate change signal
is locally modified relative to the corresponding stand-alone atmosphere
regional climate model. Differences are largest in areas where the coupled
system arrives at different sea-surface temperatures and sea-ice conditions.
A 30-m annual maize phenology dataset from 1985 to 2020 in China
Authors: Niu Quandi , Li Xuecao , Huang Jianxi , Huang Hai , Huang Xianda , Su Wei , Yuan Wenping
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Crop phenology information provides essential information on crop growth phases, which are highly required for agroecosystem management and yield estimation. Previous crop phenology studies were mainly conducted using coarse-resolution (e.g., 500 m) satellite data, such as the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. However, precision agriculture requires higher resolution phenology information of crops for better agroecosystem management, and this requirement can be met by long-term and fine-resolution Landsat observations. In this study, we generated the first national maize phenology product with a fine spatial resolution (30 m) and a long temporal span (1985–2020) in China, using all available Landsat images on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. First, we extracted long-term mean phenological indicators using the harmonic model, including the v3 (i.e., the date when the third leaf is fully expanded) and the maturity phases (i.e., when the dry weight of maize grains first reaches the maximum). Second, we identified the annual dynamics of phenological indicators by measuring the difference of dates when the vegetation index in a specific year reaches the same magnitude as its long-term mean. The derived maize phenology datasets agree with in-situ observations from the agricultural meteorological stations and the PhenoCam network. Besides, the derived fine-resolution phenology dataset agrees well with the MODIS phenology product regarding their spatial patterns and temporal dynamics. We observed a noticeable difference in maize phenology temporal trends before and after 2000, which is likely attributable to the change of temperature and precipitation, which further alter the farming activities. The extracted maize phenology dataset can support precise yield estimation and deepen our understanding of the response of agroecosystem to global warming in the future. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16437054 (Niu et al., 2021).
Simulated microphysical properties of winter storms from bulk-type microphysics schemes and their evaluation in the WRF (v4.1.3) model during the ICE-POP 2018 field campaign
Authors: Ko Jeong-Su , Lim Kyo-Sun Sunny , Kim Kwonil , Lee Gyuwon , Thompson Gregory , Berne Alexis
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This study evaluates the performance of four bulk-type microphysics schemes, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Double-Moment 6-class (WDM6), WRF Double-Moment 7-class (WDM7), Thompson, and Morrison, focusing on hydrometeors and microphysics budgets in the WRF model version 4.1.3. Eight snowstorm cases, which can be subcategorized as cold-low, warm-low, and air-sea interaction cases, depending on the synoptic environment during the International Collaborative Experiment held at the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympics and Winter Paralympic Games (ICE-POP 2018) field campaign, are selected. All simulations present a positive bias in the simulated surface precipitation for cold-low and warm-low cases. Furthermore, the simulations for the warm-low cases show a higher probability of detection score than simulations for the cold-low and air-sea interaction cases even though the simulations fail to capture the accurate transition layer for wind direction. WDM6 and WDM7 simulate abundant cloud ice for the cold-low and warm-low cases, so snow is mainly generated by aggregation. Meanwhile, Thompson and Morrison simulate insignificant cloud ice amounts, especially over the lower atmosphere, where cloud water is simulated instead. Snow in Thompson and Morrison is mainly formed by the accretion between snow and cloud water and deposition. The melting process is analyzed as a key process to generate rain in all schemes. The discovered positive precipitation bias for the warm-low and cold-low cases can be mitigated by inefficient melting using all schemes. The contribution of melting to rain production is reduced for the air-sea interaction case with decreased solid-phase hydrometeors and increased cloud water in all simulations.
A gridded multi-site precipitation generator for complex terrain: An evaluation in the Austrian Alps
Authors: Dabhi Hetal , Rotach Mathias , Oberguggenberger Michael
Published: January 2022

Abstract. For climate change impact assessment, many applications require very high-resolution data of precipitation consistent both in space and time for current as well as future climate. In this regard, stochastic weather generators are designed as a statisti- cal downscaling tool that can provide such data. Here, we adopt the framework of a precipitation generator of Kleiber et al. (2012), which is based on latent and transformed Gaussian processes, and propose an extension to that for a mountainous region with complex topography. The model is used to generate two-dimensional fields of precipitation with 1 km spatial and daily temporal resolution in a small region with highly complex terrain in the Austrian Alps. This study aims at evaluating the model for its ability to simulate realistic precipitation fields over the region using historical observations from a network of 29 meteorological stations as an input, discusses its added value over the original set-up and its limitations. Results show that the model generates realistic fields of precipitation with good spatial and temporal variability. The model is able to generate some of the difficult areal statistics useful for impact assessment such as areal dry and wet spells of different lengths and areal monthly mean of precipitation with great accuracy. The model also captures the inter-seasonal and intra-seasonal variability very well while the inter-annual variability is well captured in summer but largely underestimated in autumn and winter. The proposed model adds substantial value over the original modeling framework, specifically for the precipitation amount. The model is not able to reproduce realistic spatio-temporal characteristics of precipitation in autumn. We conclude that with further development, the model is a promising tool for downscaling precipitation in complex terrain for a wide range of applications in impact assessment studies.
Automated avalanche hazard indication mapping on state wide scale
Authors: Bühler Yves , Bebi Peter , Christen Marc , Margreth Stefan , Stoffel Lukas , Stoffel Andreas , Marty Christoph , Schmucki Gregor , Caviezel Andrin , Kühne Roderick , Wohlwend Stephan , Bartelt Perry
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Snow avalanche hazard mapping has a long tradition in the European Alps. Hazard maps delineate areas of potential avalanche danger and are only available for selected areas where people and significant infrastructure are endangered. They have been created over generations, at specific sites, mainly based on avalanche activity in the past. For a large part of the area (90 % in the case of the Canton of Grisons) no maps are available. This is a problem when new territory with no or incomplete historical record is to be developed. It is an even larger problem when trying to predict the effects of climate change at the state scale where the historical record may no longer be valid. To close this gap, we develop an automated approach to generate spatial continuous hazard indication mapping based on a digital elevation model for the canton of Grisons (7105 km2) in the Swiss Alps. We calculate eight different scenarios with return periods ranging from frequent to very rare as well as with and without taking the protective effects of the forest into account. This approach combines the automated delineation of potential release areas, the calculation of release depths and the numerical simulation of the avalanche dynamics. This procedure can be applied worldwide, where high spatial resolution digital elevation models, detailed information on the forest and data on the snow climate are available, enabling reproducible hazard indication mapping also in regions where no avalanche hazard maps yet exist. This is invaluable for climate change studies. The simulation results are validated with official hazard maps, by assessments of avalanche experts and by existing avalanche cadastres derived from manual mapping and mapping based on satellite datasets. The results for the canton of Grisons are now operationally applied in the daily hazard assessment work of the authorities. Based on these experiences, the proposed approach can be applied for further mountain regions.
Damping identification of offshore wind turbines using operational modal analysis: a review
Authors: van Vondelen Aemilius A. W. , Navalkar Sachin T. , Iliopoulos Alexandros , van der Hoek Daan C. , van Wingerden Jan-Willem
Published: January 2022

Abstract. To increase the contribution of offshore wind energy to the global energy mix in an economically sustainable manner, it is required to reduce the costs associated with the production and operation of offshore wind turbines (OWTs). One of the largest uncertainties and sources of conservatism in design and lifetime prediction for OWTs is the determination of the global damping level of the OWT. Estimation of OWT damping based on field measurement data has hence been subject to considerable research attention and is based on the use of (preferably operational) vibration data obtained from sensors mounted on the structure. As such, it is an output-only problem and can be addressed using state-of-the-art operational modal analysis (OMA) techniques, reviewed in this paper. The evolution of classical time- and frequency-domain OMA techniques has been reviewed; however, the literature shows that the OWT vibration data are often contaminated by rotor speed harmonics of significantly high energy located close to structural modes, which impede classical damping identification. Recent advances in OMA algorithms for known or unknown harmonic frequencies can be used to improve identification in such cases. Further, the transmissibility family of OMA algorithms is purported to be insensitive to harmonics. Based on this review, a classification of OMA algorithms is made according to a set of novel suitability criteria, such that the OMA technique appropriate to the specific OWT vibration measurement setup may be selected. Finally, based on this literature review, it has been identified that the most attractive future path for OWT damping estimation lies in the combination of uncertain non-stationary harmonic frequency measurements with statistical harmonic isolation to enhance classical OMA techniques, orthogonal removal of harmonics from measured vibration signals, and in the robustification of transmissibility-based techniques.
ÜNİVERSİTELERDE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK FAALİYETLERİ VE RAPORLAMA ÖRNEKLERİ
Authors: UÇAR Oğuzhan Kürşat , ÖZDEMİR Ozan
Published: January 2022

Çevreye verilen zararın her geçen gün daha da arttığı, kaynakların hızla tükendiği, ekonomik ve sosyal konuların etkisinin geniş kitleleri etkilediği günümüz koşullarında kuruluşlar için sürdürülebilirlikle ilgili faaliyetler bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Özellikle sosyal sorumlu yatırımcıların yatırım kararı verirken sürdürülebilirlikle ilgili faaliyetleri incelemesi ve bu doğrultuda karar vermesi, özellikle halka açık işletmeler için bu faaliyetleri oldukça önemli bir konuma getirirken, sürdülebilirlik faaliyetlerinin bu artan önemi ile birlikte yatırımcılar dışında birçok paydaş kurumların sürdürülebilirlik faaliyetlerini yakından takip etmektedir. Eğitim ve araştırma faaliyetlerinin yanısıra bulundukları bölgeye ve topluma öncülük eden üniversitelerin sürdürülebilirlikle ilgili çalışmaları da bu kapsamda son derece önem arz etmektedir. Üniversiteler sürdürülebilirlik konusunda eğitimli insanlar yetiştirerek ve sürdürülebilirlikle ilgili yol gösterici faaliyetleri neticesinde topluma önemli katkılar sağlama imkânına sahiptir. Kâr amacı gütmeyen yükseköğretim kuruluşlarının sürdürülebilirlik faaliyetleri ve raprolaması konusunda birçok işletmenin gerisinde kaldığı görülmektedir. Bu çerçevede çalışmada Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin sürdürülebilirilik faaliyetleri ve raporlama süreçleri üzerine odaklanılmıştır. 2020 Green Metric Dünya Üniversiteler Sıralamasında yer alan Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin sürdürülebilirlik raporları incelenmiş ve içerik yönünden sunulan bilgilerin kapsamı analiz edilmiştir. Yükseköğretim kurumlarından sadece 8 tanesinin özellikle bu kapsamda rapor yayınladıkları, sadece bir üniversitenin GRI ilkeleri çerçevesinde bir raporlama sunduğu gözlenmiştir. Sürdürülebilirlik raporlamasının henüz yeterli düzeyde olmadığı, gelişme potansiyeli taşıyan yönetimlerin üzerinde durması gerekli bir konu olduğu tespiti yapılmıştır.
Gestión de ecosistemas de agricultura orgánica en tiempos de Covid-19
Authors: Mamani-Flores Adderly , Barra-Quispe David Eleazar , Barra-Quispe Tania Laura
Published: January 2022

El presente estudio tiene como objetivos identificar los factores que influyen en la gestión del ecosistema de la agricultura orgánica durante la pandemia del Covid-19, conocer algunas buenas prácticas, determinar las características del Sistema Interno de Control (SIC). La metodología empleada fue la revisión sistemática, descriptiva, de fuentes secundarias de información. Los resultados evidencian un alto interés por promover la ecoagricultura en el contexto público y privado en respuesta a las actuales carencias alimenticias surgidas por las limitaciones de diversas índoles causadas por la pandemia. Las conclusiones muestran que la gestión de los ecosistemas se vio afectada debido a la pandemia, las dificultades en contar con el personal capacitado para rotar los cultivos y ofrecer los productos en el mercado, debido a las restricciones sanitarias surgidas. Además, los productores presentaron su percepción indicando que las medidas tomadas se debieron ejecutar hace tiempo y no debido a la crisis sanitaria, promueven que las normativas sigan a largo plazo por la disminución de los niveles de CO2.
Endeudamiento y educación financiera en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Valenzuela Montoya Mariana Monserrat , López Torres Virginia Guadalupe , Aguilar Sandoval Kareli Guadalupe
Published: January 2022

La educación financiera constituye un conocimiento importante en la vida de los individuos. El objetivo de esta investigación se centra en determinar la relación que tiene el endeudamiento con la educación financiera. Se trata de una investigación de corte transversal y descriptivo, cuyo trabajo de campo se realizó en los meses de marzo a junio del 2020 con estudiantes universitarios. Se encuestaron un total de 181 estudiantes con una edad promedio de 21 años. Para estimar el nivel de relación lineal de las variables de educación financiera y endeudamiento, se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación Spearman Rho, obteniendo un .181. Los resultados permiten inferir que el endeudamiento es una alternativa bien valorada, muy probablemente los estudiantes tengan una deuda contraída. Con relación a las variables, aunque el resultado de correlación muestra que si se relacionan, esta se interpreta como una relación positiva media, considerando el coeficiente de determinación, la relación entre las variables solo se explica en un 6.8%. Los estudiantes representan los consumidores del futuro, serán las personas que muevan la economía de la comunidad, del país, del mundo, por lo tanto, es fundamental educarlos en materia de financiera.