bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EnvironMental Health: A Framework for an Emerging Field at the Intersection of the Environment and Mental Health Crises
Authors: Ratjen Lars , Goddard Emily , Gilcher Elise B. , Nguyen Breanna K. , Kelley Mariana , Feldman Hannah S. , Akalaonu Kelechi , Nyhan Kate , Backhaus Andreas , López Lascurain Miren , Wyrtzen Nora E. , Smiley Smith Sara , Prabhu Maya , Lowe Sarah R. , Chen Kai , Zimmerman Julie B. , Anastas Paul T.
Published: February 2025

Understanding how the environment shapes our mental and cognitive health is imperative to support efforts that promote healthy and sustainable living conditions. The etiology of mental health conditions remains often unclear, and social factors have received more scrutiny than natural or built environments. We present a conceptual framework illustrating the emerging intersection between the environment and neuropsychological health, intended to structure and guide research and funding, as well as public health and environmental initiatives. We conducted a scoping review of reviews of existing evidence on the impacts of the environment on mental and cognitive health. We found that an extensive body of work was focused on chemical hazards and the built environment and their associations with neurological and mental health, including attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, dementia, and mood. We identified emerging areas of research intersecting environmental factors such as air, water, light, and green space with schizophrenia and behavioral health. Our analysis of the intersections between the environment and mental and cognitive health allows for the identification of knowledge clusters and gaps, contextualizing needs and opportunities for future research and funding strategies. These significant connections showcase the importance of understanding the relationships between the environment and mental and cognitive health. With this work, we assert that the protection of the environment and its integration into healthcare can bring cascading benefits and synergies to mental and cognitive health and well‐being and address the social and economic burden of the mental health crises.
Microseismicity Modulation Due To Changes in Geothermal Production at San Emidio, Nevada, USA
Authors: Guo Hao , Thurber Clifford , Cunningham Erin , Cardiff Michael , Lord Neal , Sobol Peter , Wang Herb , Feigl Kurt L.
Published: February 2025

Brief cessations of geothermal production can induce seismicity, a phenomenon that has drawn increasing attention in recent years. Such observations are rare, and the underlying mechanism requires careful analysis. In April 2022, a dense seismic and hydrologic monitoring system was deployed at the San Emidio geothermal field, Nevada, to accompany a planned power plant shutdown. Using the dense seismic array data, we detected and located ∼1,800 microseismic events (MSEs) and developed a high‐resolution tomographic P‐wave velocity model. We observed substantially increased microseismicity during shutdown. Most MSEs occurred on pre‐existing normal faults, which are contained within extremely low‐velocity zones that are likely damaged, fluid‐filled, and hydraulically connected to nearby production wells. Hydrologic data show rapid fluid pressure increases of <60 kPa following the shutdown. We suggest that the cessation of production rapidly increased fluid pressures along pre‐existing fault zones, activating critically stressed fault patches and fractures and producing microseismicity.
Seasonal Variability of Surface Ocean Carbon Uptake and Chlorophyll‐a Concentration in the West Antarctic Peninsula Over Two Decades
Authors: Turner Jessica S. , Munro David R. , Fay Amanda , Stammerjohn Sharon , Kim Heather , Schofield Oscar , Dierssen Heidi
Published: February 2025

The Southern Ocean plays a vital role in global CO2 uptake, but the magnitude and even the sign of the flux remain uncertain, and the influence of phytoplankton phenology is underexplored. This study focuses on the West Antarctic Peninsula, a region experiencing rapid climate change, to examine shifts in seasonal carbon uptake. Using 20 years of in situ air‐sea CO2 flux and satellite‐derived Chlorophyll‐a, we observe that the seasonal cycles of both air‐sea CO2 flux and Chlorophyll‐a intensify poleward. The amplitude of the seasonal cycle of the non‐thermal component of surface ocean pCO2 increases with increasing latitude, while the amplitude of the thermal component remains relatively stable. Pronounced biological uptake occurs over the shelf in austral summer despite reduced CO2 solubility in warmer waters, which typically limits carbon uptake through physical processes. These findings underscore the prominence of biological mechanisms in regulating carbon fluxes in this rapidly changing region.
Glacial History Modifies Permafrost Controls on the Distribution of Lakes and Ponds
Authors: Levenson Eric S. , Cooley Sarah , Mullen Andrew , Webb Elizabeth E. , Watts Jennifer
Published: February 2025

Accelerated Arctic warming is thawing permafrost and changing the distribution of lakes. Understanding the evolution of Arctic‐Boreal lakes is critical to predicting climate feedbacks and monitoring ecosystems; however, previous research has found diverging lake area responses to permafrost thaw. Here, we demonstrate that permafrost controls on lake distribution are substantially modified by glacial history and geologic substrate texture. We present the new Alaska Lake and Pond Occurrence Data set (ALPOD), which shows a positive association between lake area and permafrost extent in unglaciated regions with fine substrate, but a negative relationship in postglacial areas. These spatial patterns indicate that thaw‐driven lake area declines are concentrated in unglaciated regions, which we corroborate by showing that most documented decadal‐scale lake area decreases occurred in unglaciated study sites. Overall, these findings provide potential mechanisms to explain previous disagreements in lake area trends and help constrain predictions of surface water change under further warming.
Observations of Energetic O+ Ions With Strong Velocity Shear in the Low Latitude Boundary Layer During an Intense Storm Main Phase
Authors: Duan Suping , Zhang Anxin , Dai Lei , Hou Yuntian , He Zhaohai , Wang Chi
Published: February 2025

Using particle and electromagnetic field data from Magnetospheric Multiscale Spacecraft (MMS), we investigate energetic O+ ion characteristics in the strong velocity shear regions in the dusk‐side low‐latitude boundary layer (LLBL) during the main phase of an intense storm on 13 October 2016. In the large velocity reversal regions, O+ ion number density is very high, No+ ∼ 0.3 cm−3. The pitch angle distributions of these energetic O+ ions vary distinctly across different energy ranges. The pitch angles of the lower energetic (3–10 keV) O+ ions are mostly less than 45° and show a quasi‐parallel distribution. Conversely, the pitch angles of the higher energetic (20–40 keV) O+ ions are dominantly in the range from 45 to 135°, suggesting a quasi‐perpendicular distribution. The quasi‐parallel distribution of lower energetic O+ ions implies that these O+ ions are outflow along the magnetic field line from the dayside high‐latitude ionosphere. Intense electric fields in the strong shear flow region can accelerate O+ ions to higher energy, altering their motion from along the magnetic field to the transverse direction in the dusk‐side LLBL. Our studies present evidence for strong shear flow in the dusk‐side LLBL driving energetic O+ ions to traverse the magnetic field motion. The quasi‐perpendicular distribution of higher energetic O+ ions, in the inner edge of the dusk‐side LLBL, may provide a new source of ring current energetic particles during the main phase of the intense storm.
Excitation of Upper‐Hybrid and Whistler‐Mode Waves by Electron Velocity Ring Distribution
Authors: Lee Sang‐Yun , Yoon Peter H.
Published: February 2025

The magnetospheres of the Earth and other magnetized planets are replete with high‐frequency fluctuations, which are sometimes accompanied by multiple‐harmonic electron cyclotron waves, and lower frequency waves of the whistler‐mode type. Such waves are presumed to be excited by energetic electrons trapped in the dipolar magnetic field, the so‐called loss‐cone electrons, the electron ring distribution being a highly idealized example. The present paper investigates the stability of electron ring distribution with respect to the excitation of quasi‐electrostatic upper‐hybrid wave instability as well as the quasi‐electromagnetic whistler mode instability that operates near electron cyclotron frequency. By employing a two‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell numerical simulation, it is demonstrated that the relatively early dynamics is dominated by the upper‐hybrid wave instability, but over a longer time period it is the whistler mode instability that ultimately determines the final relaxed state. The simulation results are interpreted with the quasilinear theoretical framework.
The Storage and Operation Changes of 256 Reservoirs Across the Contiguous United States
Authors: Chen Yanan , Cai Ximing
Published: February 2025

Reservoir operations face persistent challenges due to increasing water demand, more frequent extreme events, and stricter environmental requirements such as instream flow requirements for endangered species or other aspects of ecosystem health. This paper explores real‐world changes in reservoir storage and operation between 1990 and 2019 using historical data from 256 reservoirs across the Contiguous United States (CONUS). Statistical methods are applied to detecting changes in representative storage statistical metrics. Moreover, an empirical reservoir operation model which represents the dynamic change of operation over time is used to detect changes in reservoir operation rule and responses to different water availability and demand conditions under existing rules. The relationship between storage changes and operational changes is explored. Our results uncover significant trends in the storage metrics for 130 reservoirs, more of which show decreasing trends particularly in regions such as the Arkansas‐White‐Red basin, the Texas‐Gulf region, and the southwestern United States, where the storage declined mainly due to sedimentation and drought. Conversely, it is found that increasing trends do not show a clear spatial pattern, that is, the changes are not tied with regions but with operational changes. Additionally, 76 reservoirs are identified with changes in operations via an empirical reservoir operation model. Finally, examining the relationship of operational changes with external environment variables shows evidence of not only the effectiveness of the operations for some reservoirs, but also operation deficiencies for some reservoirs. Notably, sedimentation‐related issues and inadequate operational responses during extreme weather events emphasize the need for improved operational policies.
SUMOylation inhibition potentiates the glucocorticoid receptor to program growth arrest of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: Valima Emma , Varis Vera , Bureiko Kseniia , Lempiäinen Joanna K. , Schroderus Anna-Mari , Oksa Laura , Lohi Olli , Kinnunen Tuure , Varjosalo Markku , Niskanen Einari A. , Paakinaho Ville , Palvimo Jorma J.
Published: February 2025

Glucocorticoids are a mainstay in the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ligand-activated transcription factor (TF), mediates their actions. Chromatin occupancy, chromatin-protein networks (chromatomes) and gene programmes of GR are regulated by SUMOylation, a post-translational modification with therapeutic implications in other hematomalignancies. To unravel the GR-SUMOylation crosstalk in B-ALL, we induced hypoSUMOylation in NALM6 B-ALL cells with a SUMOylation inhibitor (SUMOi, ML-792). Genome-wide profiling of GR and SUMO chromatin-binding and chromatin accessibility revealed that hypoSUMOylation augmented GR chromatin occupancy and altered chromatin openness. Association with transcriptome data indicated that the hypoSUMOylation-induced GR-binding sites predominantly repressed genes associated with cell cycle and DNA replication. Consistently, hypoSUMOylation potentiated glucocorticoid-induced cell cycle arrest and growth suppression. Moreover, our proteomic analyses revealed that the protein network of chromatin-bound GR is tightly intertwined with SUMO2/3 and that SUMOylation modulates the stability of the network. The chromatome contained several B-cell TFs with cognate binding motifs found on GR-adjacent chromatin sites, indicating their simultaneous occupancy on chromatin. In sum, our data imply potential for targeting SUMOylation to increase sensitivity to glucocorticoids in B-ALL, supported by ex vivo data of glucocorticoid and SUMOi TAK-981 combination-treated B-ALL patient samples.
Photothermal sensitive nanocomposite hydrogel for infectious bone defects
Authors: Wu Yanting , Xie Xi , Luo Guowen , Xie Jing , Ye Xiuwen , Gu Wanrong , Mo Anchun , Qian Zhiyong , Zhou Chenchen , Liao Jinfeng
Published: February 2025

Infectious bone defects represent a substantial challenge in clinical practice, necessitating the deployment of advanced therapeutic strategies. This study presents a treatment modality that merges a mild photothermal therapy hydrogel with a pulsed drug delivery mechanism. The system is predicated on a hydrogel matrix that is thermally responsive, characteristic of bone defect sites, facilitating controlled and site-specific drug release. The cornerstone of this system is the incorporation of mild photothermal nanoparticles, which are activated within the temperature range of 40–43 °C, thereby enhancing the precision and efficacy of drug delivery. Our findings demonstrate that the photothermal response significantly augments the localized delivery of therapeutic agents, mitigating systemic side effects and bolstering efficacy at the defect site. The synchronized pulsed release, cooperated with mild photothermal therapy, effectively addresses infection control, and promotes bone regeneration. This approach signifies a considerable advancement in the management of infectious bone defects, offering an effective and patient-centric alternative to traditional methods. Our research endeavors to extend its applicability to a wider spectrum of tissue regeneration scenarios, underscoring its transformative potential in the realm of regenerative medicine.
Inherent strain and kinetic coupling determine the kinetics of ammonia synthesis over Ru nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Hellman Anders , Grönbeck Henrik
Published: February 2025

The large-scale ammonia synthesis using the Haber-Bosch process is crucial in modern society and the reaction is known to be facile over Ru-based catalysts. Herein, first-principles kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations are utilized to explore the reaction kinetics on Ru nanoparticles (NPs), extending the current knowledge that is mainly based on calculations of single crystal surfaces. It is only by accounting for the effects of kinetic couplings between different sites and inherent strain in the NPs that experimental turnover frequencies (TOFs) can be reproduced. The enhanced activity of inherently strained NPs is attributed to the co-existence of sites with both tensile and compressive strain, which simultaneously promotes N2 dissociation and NHx (x = 0, 1 and 2) hydrogenation. We propose that kinetic couplings on Ru NPs with tailored strain-patterns offer a strategy to break the limitations of linear scaling relations in the design of ammonia synthesis catalysts.
Proteomics profiling of research models for studying pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Resell Mathilde , Rabben Hanne-Line , Sharma Animesh , Hagen Lars , Hoang Linh , Skogaker Nan T. , Aarvik Anne , Bjåstad Eirik Knudsen , Svensson Magnus K. , Amrutkar Manoj , Verbeke Caroline S. , Batra Surinder K. , Qvigstad Gunnar , Wang Timothy C. , Rustgi Anil , Chen Duan , Zhao Chun-Mei
Published: February 2025

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, with a five-year survival rate of 10–15% due to late-stage diagnosis and limited efficacy of existing treatments. This study utilized proteomics-based systems modelling to generate multimodal datasets from various research models, including PDAC cells, spheroids, organoids, and tissues derived from murine and human samples. Identical mass spectrometry-based proteomics was applied across the different models. The preparation and validation of the research models and the proteomics were described in detail. The assembly datasets we present here contribute to the data collection on PDAC, which will be useful for systems modelling, data mining, knowledge discovery in databases, and bioinformatics of individual models. Further data analysis may lead to the generation of research hypotheses, predictions of targets for diagnosis and treatment, and relationships between data variables.
Ontology-guided machine learning outperforms zero-shot foundation models for cardiac ultrasound text reports
Authors: Subramaniam Suganya , Rizvi Sara , Ramesh Ramya , Sehgal Vibhor , Gurusamy Brinda , Arif Hikmatullah , Tran Jeffrey , Thamman Ritu , Anyanwu Emeka C , Mastouri Ronald , Mackensen G. Burkhard , Arnaout Rima
Published: February 2025

Big data can revolutionize research and quality improvement for cardiac ultrasound. Text reports are a critical part of such analyses. Cardiac ultrasound reports include structured and free text and vary across institutions, hampering attempts to mine text for useful insights. Natural language processing (NLP) can help and includes both statistical- and large language model based techniques. We tested whether we could use NLP to map cardiac ultrasound text to a three-level hierarchical ontology. We used statistical machine learning (EchoMap) and zero-shot inference using GPT. We tested eight datasets from 24 different institutions and compared both methods against clinician-scored ground truth. Despite all adhering to clinical guidelines, institutions differed in their structured reporting. EchoMap performed best with validation accuracy of 98% for the first ontology level, 93% for first and second levels, and 79% for all three. EchoMap retained performance across external test datasets and could extrapolate to examples not included in training. EchoMap’s accuracy was comparable to zero-shot GPT at the first level of the ontology and outperformed GPT at second and third levels. We show that statistical machine learning can map text to structured ontology and may be especially useful for small, specialized text datasets.
RENEB interlaboratory comparison for biological dosimetry based on dicentric chromosome analysis and cobalt-60 exposures higher than 2.5 Gy
Authors: Bucher Martin , Endesfelder David , Pojtinger Stefan , Baeyens Ans , Barquinero Joan-Francesc , Beinke Christina , Bobyk Laure , Gregoire Eric , Hristova Rositsa , Martinez Juan S. , Meher Prabodha Kumar , Milanova Marcela , Gil Octávia Monteiro , Montoro Alegria , Moquet Jayne , Moreno Domene Mercedes , Prieto María Jesús , Pujol-Canadell Monica , Sun Mingzhu , Terzoudi Georgia I. , Tichy Ales , Triantopoulou Sotiria , Valente Marco , Vral Anne , Wojcik Andrzej , Oestreicher Ursula
Published: February 2025

In previous RENEB interlaboratory comparisons based on the manual scoring of dicentric chromosomes, a tendency for systematic overestimation for doses > 2.5 Gy was found. However, these exercises included only very few doses in the high dose range, and they were heterogeneous in terms of radiation quality and evaluation mode, and comparable only to a limited extent. Here, this presumed deviation was explored by investigating three doses > 2.5 Gy. Blood samples were irradiated (2.56, 3.41 and 4.54 Gy) using a 60Co source and sent to 14 member laboratories of the RENEB network, which performed the dicentric chromosome assay (manual and/or semi-automatic scoring) and reported dose estimates. Most participants provided estimates that agreed very well with the physical reference doses and all provided dose estimates were in the correct clinical category (> 2 Gy). The previously observed tendency for a systematic bias across all laboratories was not confirmed. However, tendencies for systematic underestimation were detected for dose estimations for reference doses given in terms of absorbed dose to blood and for some participants, a laboratory-specific trend of systematic under- or overestimation was observed. The importance of regularly performed quality checks for a broad dose range became obvious to avoid misinterpretation of results.
Investigating the role of gut microbiota in diabetic nephropathy through plasma proteome mediated analysis
Authors: Fu Shaojie , Li Fan , Yu Jinyu , Ma Shengjie , Zhang Li , Cheng Yanli
Published: February 2025

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and poses significant threats to individuals with diabetes. The concept of gut–kidney axis has gained increasing attention in recent years and the in the occurrence and development of DN, alterations in the gut microbiota also plays a crucial and indispensable role. However, the specific causal relationships between various gut microbial communities and DN, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, remains unclear. This study utilized data from genome-wide association studies. After screening for qualified instrumental variables, mendelian randomization causal analyses were performed by inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode and MR-RAPS methods. Additionally, sensitivity analyses such as heterogeneity, multiplicity, and the direction of the causal effect were carried out to ensure that the results were robust. After identifying significant gut microbiota, protein-proteomics mediation analysis was conducted on potential 3282 plasma proteins to determine those with mediating effects. Finally, Reactome enrichment analysis was performed to ascertain metabolic or signaling pathways with mediating effects. Mendelian randomization analysis indicated associations between 21 gut microbiota and DN. After adjusting significance levels, Catenibacterium and Parasutterella were found to have causal effects on the onset of DN. Subsequently, we identified 22 plasma proteins with mediating effects, along with 27 metabolic or signaling pathways including activated propionic acid metabolism. Increased in the abundance of Catenibacterium and Parasutterella intestinal bacteria are causative factors for DN. More importantly, the underlying mechanism by which the increased abundance of Catenibacterium and Parasutterella intestinal bacteria lead to DN were revealed, providing a blueprint for the involvement of gut–kidney axis in the pathogenesis of DN and paving the way for future studies.
Differences in walking access to healthcare facilities between formal and informal areas in 19 sub-Saharan African cities
Authors: Friesen John , Georganos Stefanos , Haas Jan
Published: February 2025

Background

Spatial accessibility to healthcare is a critical factor in ensuring equitable health outcomes. While studies on a global, continental, and national level exist, our understanding of intra-urban differences, particularly between formal and informal areas within cities in sub-Saharan Africa, remains limited.

Methods

This study integrates openly available datasets on land use in 19 sub-Saharan cities, healthcare facilities in the region, and street networks from OpenStreetMap. Using these datasets, we calculate service areas around hospitals, considering travel times ranging from 1 to 120 minutes with walking as the mode of travel. The resulting service areas are then merged with population data from WorldPop, allowing us to assess the proportion of the population with specific travel times to healthcare facilities from informal and formal residential areas.

Results

Our analysis reveals that 33% of the urban population can reach hospitals within 15 minutes, 58% within 30 minutes, and 78% within 60 minutes. Importantly, for some cities, we observe significant differences between formal and informal areas, with informal areas experiencing a disadvantage in terms of spatial accessibility to healthcare facilities. The population in informal areas is particularly disadvantaged in medium-sized cities.

Conclusions

This study sheds light on the spatial accessibility of healthcare facilities in sub-Saharan African cities, emphasizing the need to consider intra-urban disparities, particularly in informal areas. The findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions and urban planning strategies to address these disparities and ensure that healthcare services are accessible to all segments of the urban population.
Chemical profiling of surviving cancer cells using ToF-SIMS and MCR analysis discriminates cell components
Authors: Manaprasertsak Auraya , Rydbergh Robin , Wu Qicheng , Slyusarenko Maria , Carroll Christopher , Amend Sarah R. , Mohlin Sofie , Pienta Kenneth J. , Malmberg Per , Hammarlund Emma U.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates chemical changes in cancer cells post-treatment, revealing lipid droplet accumulation using ToF-SIMS and multivariate analysis, emphasizing their role in therapeutic resistance and potential as biomarkers.
Covalent functionalization of G protein-coupled receptors by small molecular probes
Authors: Beerkens Bert L. H. , IJzerman Adriaan P. , Heitman Laura H. , van der Es Daan
Published: February 2025

In this review, we take a closer look at the most recent small molecular probes that covalently label G protein-coupled receptors.
Cellular uptake mechanisms of a diselenide-based ROS-responsive nanocarrier in oxidatively stressed colon cells
Authors: Liang Wanqi , Li Dong , Hao Jinheng , Dai Wenli , Zhang Bo-Bo , Yang Qiongqiong
Published: February 2025

Diselenide-based ROS-responsive nanocarriers are highly taken up by oxidatively stressed colon cells via folic acid receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Renewable chitin-derived hard carbon as a free-standing anode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Wenting , Wu Xiaoyu , Wang Feng , Wu Zhenzhen
Published: February 2025

A low-cost N-doped hard carbon derived from biomass chitin was used as a large-capacity, high-rate capability and long-lifetime anode for SIBs.
A blessing and a curse: impact of urea derivatives on the secondary building unit of Ca-MOFs prepared in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Teixeira Michaël , Louis Benoît , Baudron Stéphane A.
Published: February 2025

A recurring secondary building unit is observed in Ca-MOFs prepared in deep eutectic solvents based on 1 : 2 combinations of choline chloride and urea derivatives.
Real-time and regional analysis of the efficacy of anticancer drugs in a patient-derived intratumoral heterogeneous tumor microenvironment
Authors: Lin Ya-Hui , Lin Chiao-Min , Man Kee-Ming , Hung Chih-Chiang , Hsu Hsin-Ling , Chen Yunching , Mu Hsuan-Yu , Hsiao Tzu-Hung , Huang Jen-Huang
Published: February 2025

Drug evaluation in tumoroids lacks circulation, limiting infiltration analysis and real-time observation. Using tumor-microenvironment-on-chip (TMoC), this study confirms chemotherapy efficacy in mouse and patient tumors.
Significantly enhanced energy harvesting performance in lead-free piezoceramics via a synergistic design strategy
Authors: Zhang Jianxun , Xu Qianqian , Zhang Yan , Guo Wei , Zeng Hanmin , He Yimeng , Wu Jiatao , Guo Longlong , Zhou Kechao , Zhang Dou
Published: February 2025

A synergistic design strategy is proposed to improve the output performance of piezoelectric energy harvester, and the harvester developed by this strategy is successfully applied to train stability monitoring and micro equipment power supply.
Slippery liquid-like surfaces as a promising solution for sustainable drag reduction
Authors: Hao Lingxuan , Fan Bei
Published: February 2025

Fluid slip and drag reduction induced by durable slippery liquid-like surfaces (SLLSs) made from flexible polymers.
Synthesis of non-precious metal complexes (Al, Mg, Zn) and their catalytic application in isocyanate reduction
Authors: Pang Ziyuan , Ma Xiaoli , Yan Wenliang , Yang Xiaobo , Ni Congjian , Chen Yiwen , Wu Peng , Yang Zhi
Published: February 2025

Seven novel green non-precious metal compounds were synthesised to efficiently reduce isocyanates to valuable carbamates and amines.
Sustainable and biocompatible hybrid materials-based sulfated polysaccharides for biomedical applications: a review
Authors: Alfinaikh Reem S. , Alamry Khalid A. , Hussein Mahmoud A.
Published: February 2025

The work provides a systematic and critical overview of the cutting-edge research on SPs and hybrid sulfated polysaccharide bio-nanocomposites and identifies the key factors, mechanisms, methods, and challenges impacting SPs bio-nanocomposites.
Layered ammonium metal phosphate based heterostructure with phosphate–sulfide interfacial synergy for efficient oxygen evolution and urea oxidation reactions
Authors: Patil Deepak Rajaram , Patil Santosh , Chavan Harish S. , Lee Ah-yeong , Lee Kiyoung
Published: February 2025

Synergistic heterostructure engineering of NH4NiPO4·H2O and CdIn2S4/Ni3S2 for boosting urea oxidation reaction performance.
Precisely controlled colloids: a playground for path-wise non-equilibrium physics
Authors: Dieball Cai , Mohebi Satalsari Yasamin , Zuccolotto-Bernez Angel B. , Egelhaaf Stefan U. , Escobedo-Sánchez Manuel A. , Godec Aljaž
Published: February 2025

We investigate path-wise observables in experiments on driven colloids in a periodic light field to dissect selected intricate transport features, kinetics, and transition-path time statistics out of thermodynamic equilibrium.
Non-precious Cu/WO3 catalyst for hydrogenolysis of HMF to 5-MF with ultra-high selectivity in a continuous flow reactor
Authors: Huang Wenfei , Xu Qian , Lu Han , Yao Xin , Ye Yuewen , Zhou Rulong , Li Dongdong , Ye Tongqi
Published: February 2025

The influence of metal-support interactions on the hydrogenation catalytic performance of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was investigated using Cu as the active metal.
An Unexpected Synthesis of 2,3-Bis(methylthio)-1,4-di(het)arylbut-2-ene-1,4-diones and their Cyclocondensation with Hydrazine for the Synthesis of 4,5-Bis(methylthio)-3,6-di(het)arylpyridazines
Authors: Prapullachandra Siddanakatte L , Honnabandar Kanaka Vijayashankar , Kavitha Chandagirikoppal V , Swaroop Toreshettahally R , Kempegowda Mantelingu
Published: February 2025

We herein report an unexpected formation of novel 2,3-bis(methylthio)-1,4-di(het)arylbut-2-ene-1,4-diones when methyl ketones are reacted with α-oxodithioesters in the presence of sodium hydride in DMF followed by treatment with methyl iodide. We have explored a potential application of these key intermediates for the synthesis of unreported 4,5-bis(methylthio)-3,6-di(het)arylpyridazines by reacting them with hydrazine in the presence of potassium hydroxide in isopropyl alcohol. We have proposed the possible mechanisms for the formation of 2,3-bis(methylthio)-1,4-di(het)arylbut-2-ene-1,4-diones and 4,5-bis(methylthio)-3,6-di(het)arylpyridazines.
Nanoscale momentum transport by dual plasmonic vortex design
Authors: Zhou Zhikang , Ghosh Atreyie , Yang Sena , Dai Yanan , Huang Chen-Bin , Petek Hrvoje
Published: February 2025

We apply ultrafast nanoscale microscopic imaging and analytical modeling to investigate the coherent field and spin textures of dual plasmonic vortices as a means to design the momentum flow, and spin topology by interaction of their gyrating fields. The ultrafast laser normal incidence illumination by circularly polarized light of two vortex generator structures with variable separations in silver films launches structured surface plasmon polariton fields. Two distinct primary vortices and a third emergent vortex, generated by interaction of the primary vortices and tunable by design of their separation, form through the spin–orbit interaction of light. The gyration of plasmon fields and the consequent vectorial Poynting momentum flow is imaged with sub-optical cycle phase and spatial resolution by interferometric time-resolved two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (ITR-2P-PEEM). The ultrafast imaging and analytical modeling of the interaction of the dual plasmonic vortices examines the nanoscale control of plasmon spin topology and momentum driven transport.
A compact phase-locked relativistic extended interactions oscillator with low seed injection power
Authors: Du Chuangzhou , Xue Yuzhe , Xu Che , Liu Qingxiang
Published: February 2025

A compact, efficient, low-injection-power, phase-locked, relativistic extended interaction oscillator (IL-REIO) is introduced in this paper. The incorporation of two cascaded modulated cavities after the input cavity facilitates the generation of a premodulated electron beam. This approach effectively reduces the injection ratio (ρ) to 1.13E-3, significantly lowering the required injection power. The structure of the traveling standing wave extended interaction output cavity is investigated to enhance the interaction efficiency and reduce the interaction distance. The PIC simulation results demonstrate that, operating at a frequency of 5.97 GHz, the IL-REIO attains a saturated output power of 156 MW with an electronic efficiency of 49.5%, given an electron beam voltage and current of 450 kV and 700 A, respectively. This scheme utilizes a focused magnetic field with a strength of merely 0.26 T, offering an effective solution for deploying permanent magnet packages or lightweight solenoidal magnetic fields.
Statistical theory of a near-forward stimulated Brillouin scattering driven by a spatially and temporally smoothed laser beam
Authors: Ruyer C. , Loiseau P. , Riquier R. , Lafon M. , Tikhonchuk V.
Published: February 2025

A model predicting the spatial gain of the near-forward stimulated Brillouin scattering excited by a laser beam smoothed by a random phase plate is extended to the temporal smoothing by spectral dispersion and polarization smoothing schemes relevant to high-energy laser facilities. Both smoothing schemes partially stabilize the beam spray amplification by reducing the beamlet correlations. A finite laser bandwidth causes a frequency shift of the ion-acoustic resonance due to internal competition between the amplified scattered waves with different frequencies. Simple analytical estimates of the convective gain are provided for all smoothing schemes. The model predictions are confirmed with three-dimensional paraxial simulations and applied to two recent experiments in the indirect and direct drive geometry. The forward Brillouin scattering may produce a strong beam spraying in the inertial confinement fusion experiments and can be controlled by the laser spectral bandwidth. The model revises the previous estimates of the laser bandwidth effect on the forward Brillouin scattering in plasma and provides a new quantitative evaluation of the mitigation effect. It also predicts an anisotropic beam spray growth depending on the flow orientation and on the temporal smoothing that is used.
Resonant-type multifunctional device using organic piezoelectrics for detecting differential pressure and acceleration
Authors: Noda Yuki , Matsubara Kunihiro , Toyoshima Naomi , Sekitani Tsuyoshi
Published: February 2025

In this study, a multifunctional device was developed using the organic piezoelectric material polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to detect mechanical operations. This device utilizes a mechanism in which the resonance of the element structure is excited and detected using PVDF. This enabled the proposal of a device principle that can allow detection of various physical quantities, such as differential pressure and acceleration. The device can detect low pressures of up to 1.5 kPa with a sensitivity of −0.19 Hz/Pa. Additionally, it can measure acceleration with output linearity and cross-axis sensitivity. This device is advantageous because it can evaluate both pressure and acceleration using a common sensor structure and measurement methods, and it can be manufactured at room temperature using inexpensive materials. It holds potential for applications in the maintenance of various industrial machinery and monitoring of natural disasters.
Effect of sinusoidal injection velocity on miscible thermo-viscous fingering in a rectilinear Hele-Shaw cell
Authors: Zahid Syed , Halkarni Surfarazhussain S. , Das Pritiparna , Hota Tapan Kumar , Goyal Deepali
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of sinusoidal time-dependent injection velocities on miscible thermo-viscous fingering instabilities observed in enhanced oil recovery. Linear stability analysis (LSA) and nonlinear simulations (NLS) are used to investigate fingering dynamics, considering parameters such as thermal mobility ratio (Rθ), solutal mobility ratio (Rc), Lewis number (Le), and thermal-lag coefficient (λ). The LSA employs a quasi-steady state approximation in a transformed self-similar coordinate system, while NLS uses a finite element solver. Two injection scenarios are explored: injection-extraction (Γ=2) and extraction-injection (Γ=−2), with fixed periodicity (T=100). Results show that for unstable solutal and thermal fronts (Rc>0,Rθ>0), increasing Le with fixed λ≠1 leads to more prominent mixing and interfacial length for Γ=2 compared to constant injection and Γ=−2. While for unstable solutal fronts (Rc>0) and stable thermal fronts (Rθ<0), increasing Le results in more prominent mixing and interfacial length for Γ=−2, except during early diffusion. Thus, when porous media are swept using cold fluid, increasing the Lewis number intensifies the level of flow instability for Γ=−2; whereas when hot fluid is used, the instability enhances for Γ=2. Furthermore, it is observed that the high thermal diffusion (Le≫1) and enhanced thermal redistribution between solid and fluid phases (λ≪1) effectively mitigate destabilizing effects associated with positive Rθ, reducing overall instability. Overall, in extraction-injection scenarios, the phenomenon of tip-splitting and coalescence is attenuated, and the channeling regime is observed.
A method for unsupervised learning of coherent spatiotemporal patterns in multiscale data
Authors: Lapo Karl , Ichinaga Sara M. , Kutz J. Nathan
Published: February 2025

The unsupervised and principled diagnosis of multiscale data is a fundamental obstacle in modern scientific problems from, for instance, weather and climate prediction, neurology, epidemiology, and turbulence. Multiscale data are characterized by a combination of processes acting along multiple dimensions simultaneously, spatiotemporal scales across orders of magnitude, nonstationarity, and/or invariances such as translation and rotation. Existing methods are not well-suited to multiscale data, usually requiring supervised strategies such as human intervention, extensive tuning, or selection of ideal time periods. We present the multiresolution coherent spatio-temporal scale separation (mrCOSTS), a hierarchical and automated algorithm for the diagnosis of coherent patterns or modes in multiscale data. mrCOSTS is a variant of dynamic mode decomposition which decomposes data into bands of spatial patterns with shared time dynamics, thereby providing a robust method for analyzing multiscale data. It requires no training but instead takes advantage of the hierarchical nature of multiscale systems. We demonstrate mrCOSTS using complex multiscale datasets that are canonically difficult to analyze: 1) climate patterns of sea surface temperature, 2) electrophysiological observations of neural signals of the motor cortex, and 3) horizontal wind in the mountain boundary layer. With mrCOSTS, we trivially retrieve complex dynamics that were previously difficult to resolve while additionally extracting hitherto unknown patterns of activity embedded in the dynamics, allowing for advancing the understanding of these fields of study. This method is an important advancement for addressing the multiscale data which characterize many of the grand challenges in science and engineering.
Rapid visual detection of laser welding defects in bright stainless steel thin plates
Authors: Xin Tian , Yan Zhihong , Xu Tongxin , Li Songhao , Duan Renjie , Peng Moxuan
Published: February 2025

Stainless steel sheets with bright surfaces have been widely used in household appliances, decorative materials, highway and railway vehicles, and other fields. In order to reduce welding deformation while maintaining overall aesthetics, the commonly used welding method is laser welding. In laser welding, various welding defects are the main causes of weld failure. At present, the main detection method for defects in such slender welds is laser structured light visual scanning detection. However, due to the fact that the reflection of high gloss stainless steel material is mainly mirror reflection, there will be a substantial amount of signal loss in structured light visual inspection. This article proposes a characterization and detection method for the surface morphology and defects of laser welding of high reflective materials. The method uses latitude and longitude RGB light sources for illumination, which can form distinct and different forms of rainbow bars on various types of weld defects, providing powerful conditions for defect recognition. Unlike laser structured light vision, this method fully utilizes the specular reflection characteristics of the material surface and has a faster detection speed. This article uses a ball model to reveal the decoupled correspondence between material surface color and gradient direction and magnitude under latitude-distributed and longitude-distributed RGB light source illumination, explaining the mechanism and reliability of the detection method, and providing conditions for further quantification of defects. Finally, this article combines U-Net network and its various improved versions to achieve high-precision welding defect detection, with an average accuracy of 89.88% and a recall rate of 92%.
An iterative-cluster domain adaptation fault diagnosis method for incremental multi-target domain adaptation
Authors: Wang Cheng , Zhang Qidong , Deng Lili
Published: February 2025

Domain adaptation methods have demonstrated considerable potential in enhancing the performance of fault diagnosis models across diverse operating conditions. While single-target domain adaptation has been extensively explored, its efficacy is reduced in scenarios involving multi-target and incremental-target domains. However, such scenarios are common in real-world projects, necessitating the exploration of more sophisticated, multi-domain, and incremental domain adaptation methods. In response, we propose an iterative-cluster domain adaptation (ICDA) method, which is tailored to address incremental multi-target domain adaptation challenges. On the basis of single-target domain adaptation, ICDA enhances domain alignment through cyclic iteration and clustering algorithms. Notably, it has been demonstrated to be effective in a range of domain adaptation scenarios, including single-target, multi-target, and incremental-target adaptation, even in the unlabeled target domains. The efficacy and superiority of ICDA over baseline models has been substantiated through validation on the CWRU and WINDEY datasets.
Back to the figure-8 stellarator
Authors: Plunk G G , Drevlak M , Rodríguez E , Babin R , Goodman A , Hindenlang F
Published: February 2025

The first stellarator design was a simple tube of plasma twisted and closed on itself in the form of a figure-8. The line of such devices, however, was quickly ended over concerns related to plasma stability. We revisit the figure-8 concept, re-imagined as a modern optimized stellarator, and find the potential for a high degree of stability, as well as exceptionally simple construction. In particular, the design that we find admits planar coils, and is the first quasi-isodynamic stellarator design to have this property. Our work is made possible by recent theoretical progress in the near-axis theory of quasi-isodynamic stellarators, combined with fundamental progress in the numerical solution of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equilibria that cannot be well represented using traditional cylindrical coordinates.
Electron impact partial ionization cross section and thermal rate coefficients of gaseous refrigerants
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Suriyaprasanth , Gupta Dhanoj
Published: February 2025

We have calculated the electron impact partial and total ionization cross sections of important gaseous targets which are used in gas-based detectors at high-energy physics experiments. The present work uses the Binary encounter Bethe model and its variants along with the mass spectrometry data for the calculation of cross sections. Trifluoromethane (CHF3), 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane

(

C
2

H
3

F
3

)

or R143a, 1,1,1-Trifluoropropane

(

C
3

H
5

F
3

)

or R263fb, 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene

(

C
3

H
3

F
3

)

or R1243zf, and 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane

(

C
2

H
2

F
4

)

or R134a are studied for the total and partial ionization cross sections along with the corresponding rate coefficients. The rate coefficients are calculated using Maxwell’s velocity distribution function. The rates for the ionization cross sections are fitted with the Arrhenius function, and the fit parameters are also presented. The cross section and the rates are compared with the available data for CHF3 and a good comparison is found.
Modelling cross-diffusion with Beverton-Holt-like additional food dynamics
Authors: Mandal Gourav , Guin Lakshmi Narayan , Chakravarty Santabrata
Published: February 2025

The dynamics of a ratio-dependent interacting species system in space and time, concerning Beverton-Holt-like additional food for predators, are explored within the present framework. Initially, the non-spatial scenario is examined, revealing a variety of dynamical phenomena, including co-dimension 1 and 2 bifurcations in both local and global contexts, through the application of dynamical systems in biology and normal form theory. Additionally, bi-stability phenomena are observed in distinct regions under appropriate parameter values. In the two-phase mathematical analysis, the second phase focuses on the corresponding reaction-diffusion system, uncovering various rich spatiotemporal patterns. Comprehensive numerical simulations are subsequently performed to support the analytical results. The relationship between Beverton-Holt-like additional food and cross-diffusion structures gives rise to spatiotemporal complexity, as demonstrated by the simulation results that validate the behaviour of both temporal and spatiotemporal models.
Effects of indenter radius and temperature on mechanical capacities of crystalline Cu/Cu50Ta50 metallic glasses multilayers during nanoindentation
Authors: Nguyen Van-Ha , Tran Anh-Son , Chu Van-Tuan , Doan Dinh-Quan , Pham Anh-Vu , Nguyen Van-Thoai , Hoang Van-Han , Vu Hong-Son , Pham The-Tan
Published: February 2025

This work uses molecular dynamics simulation method to investigate the effects of indenter radius (R) and temperature (T) on mechanical capacities of crystalline Cu/Cu50Ta50 metallic glasses multilayers under nanoindentation. The mechanical capacities are evaluated by the common neighbour analysis (CNA)-shear strain configurations, dislocations, fraction of atoms with high shear strain (f), indented force (F), elastic recovery (E

r
), and von Mises stress distribution. The shear transformation zones (STZs) formed are more pronounced in the cases with smaller R and higher T. The total dislocation length increases as R increases, while it reduces as T increases. In contrast, f reduces as R increases but it increases as T increases. The F increases linearly as R rises and it reduces as T increases. The elastic recovery of the 4-layer Cu/Cu50Ta50 sample is appreciably greater compared to the other cases and the von Mises stress does not change much with changing R, while E

r
reduces and the von Mises stress increases as T increases.