bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persistent iris vessels in a case of aniridia
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom., Deshmukh Rashmi , Rajan Madhavan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Published: November 2021

Congenital aniridia is caused by a mutation in the PAX6 gene [1] and is characterized by partial or complete absence of iris tissue. Apart from the hypoplasia of iris tissue, other ocular features such as foveal hypoplasia, nystagmus, aniridia-related keratopathy, Peters anomaly, Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly and glaucoma are seen in these eyes [1,2]. Cases have been reported with persistent pupillary membranes [3] and iris strands [4].
Rethinking trauma: A case series and proposed refinements to criterion A for post-traumatic stress disorder in DSM-5
Authors:   Psychological Trauma Recovery Service, Mental Health Division, Austin Health, Australia, Chuan Soh Keng , Ejareh dar Maryam ,   Department of Psychological Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore.
Published: November 2021

The traumatic event is a core requirement in the diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual’s (DSM’s) criteria of PTSD as Criterion A. This remains the case, despite opposing views from prior literature that the trauma response can occur without Criterion A. This article explores a definition for psychological trauma, from its etymology to a historical perspective, before examining the evolution of PTSD’s Criterion A across time in various editions of the DSM. The concept of moral injury is also examined, in terms of its correlation with psychological trauma and its impact on the pathological trauma response. A case series of vignettes from the authors’ clinical experience is presented, where PTSD symptoms have been noted in the absence of Criterion A. This is supplemented by the authors’ analyses about how the various life adversities across the cases fall short of Criterion A. Two key features (the imminence of a perceived threat, and the perceived loss of control experienced as a result) of a traumatic event are proposed to refine the definition of psychological trauma. It is hoped that these would serve to improve the current understanding and definition of psychological trauma. Keywords: Psychological trauma; Traumatic event; PTSD.
A build up of seizure prediction and detection Software: A review
Authors:   REGIM Lab, ENIS, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia., Hadriche Abir , Jmail Nawel ,   REGIM Lab, ENIS, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Neurological diseases are much often due to our stressed daily life, and epilepsy is considered as a second cause of hospitalization in neurological illness. It is about 30% of epileptic cases where medicine would not stop or control seizure; hence, a surgical intervention is required to delineate abnormal hyperexcitable cortical tissue. Defining these epileptogenic zones is a challenge that require physiological and anatomical acquisition. Discussion: Clinicians, researcher and engineer researcher are multiplying advanced techniques in order to exploit these acquisitions for a better diagnosis. Several software are used to enhance epilepsy diagnosis. Here we proposed a software that rely on spacetime evolution of inter- ictal gamma oscillations. Conclusion: Our proposed software would predict a build up of seizure during monitoring of stereo-electroencephalographic SEEG recording. It allows also detection of seizure during analysis and diagnosis of SEEG. This software would assist neurologist in recognition of seizure and in defining epileptogenic zone EZ. Keywords: Pharmaco-ressistant epilepsy; SEEG; Seizure build up; Prediction; Detection.
Extensive surgery for peritoneal tuberculosis, an ongoing diagnostic challenge in resource limited setup
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bugando Medical Centre, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania., Kiritta Richard , Mrisho Fatma ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bugando Medical Centre, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania., Mbulwa Cosmas ,   Central Pathology Laboratory, Bugando Medical Centre, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania, Miltenburg Andrea Solnes ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway, Kihunrwa Albert ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bugando Medical Centre, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Published: November 2021

Background: Peritoneal Tuberculosis is an abdominal form of Tuberculosis that affects the peritoneal cavity and enclosed organs. Clinical presentation of this rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis resembles that of advanced ovarian cancer and may results in unnecessary extensive surgery especially in resource limited setting. Case presentation: A case of a 36 years old prisoner who presented to us with gradual onset of abdominal distension for one-month, mild abdominal pain and noticeable progressive weight loss. Physical examination revealed she was underweight, afebrile and had a healed sub umbilical median incision scar on a glossily distended abdomen with positive fluid thrill and shifting dullness. She was HIV negative, anemic and had marked elevation of Cancer Antigen 125 marker. Abdominal ultrasound scan showed ascites with multiple cysts originating from the left iliac fossa and the abdominal pelvic CT scan showing left ovarian cyst, ascites of 3 litres and diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis. Advanced ovarian cancer was suspected and intra-operatively 2.5 liters of straw colored ascitic fluid was found, the bowels and the omentum were covered with diffuse intestinal nodules and multiple inclusion cysts occupying the pelvic cavity. Histopathological analysis of sampled tissues revealed Peritoneal Tuberculosis. Conclusion: Peritoneal tuberculosis shares similarities in presentation to advanced ovarian cancer and should be ruled out in a woman suspected of ovarian cancer before proceeding with surgery. For proper differentiation of the two, histopathological analysis of sampled tissue through frozen section biopsy is the preferred approach in resource limited setup where laparoscopic biopsy or ultrasound guided biopsy is not feasible.
Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis, A critical diagnosis in a severe lupus flare
Authors:   University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, IL, USA., L Kuschel Stephanie , M Sanchez Isabelle ,   University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, IL, USA., Bain Michelle ,   University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, IL, USA., Tsoukas Maria ,   University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, IL, USA.
Published: November 2021

Palisaded Neutrophilic And Granulomatous Dermatitis (PNGD) is a rare inflammatory cutaneous eruption associated with underlying systemic disease, commonly Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, or Anti-Neutrophilic Cytoplasmic Autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Appropriate diagnosis is challenging, requiring coordination of care between medicine, dermatology, pathology, and rheumatology. We describe a 29-year-old female with SLE who developed eroded papules and erythematous, edematous plaques on the ear anti-helices, hands, and elbows during hospitalization for workup of acute on chronic abdominal pain. Biopsies showed an interstitial infiltrate of zonal collagen necrobiosis, consistent with typical PNGD histopathology, involving collagen inflammation surrounded by palisading neutrophils, histiocytes, karyorrhexis, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The association of ANCA-vasculitis makes differentiation between underlying autoinflammatory disease in PNGD from new vasculitis difficult; however, histopathology is key to distinguishing them. Treatment should focus on improvement of the underlying autoimmune condition. Adjuvant treatments are intralesional or systemic corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, or dapsone. Given the complexities of associated conditions, it is important to bring awareness of PNGD to the medical community for improved diagnostic accuracy and subsequent care.
ORGANIZATION OF ROAD TRAFFIC TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ELECTRIC ROUTE PASSENGER TRANSPORT
Authors:   Belarusian National Technical University, Kapsky Denis V. , Semchenkov Sergey S. ,   Belarusian National Technical University, Kot Evgeny N. ,   Belarusian National Technical University
Published: November 2021

The rapid development of the transport sector leads not only to positive changes in the life of cities and towns, to an increase in convenience and comfort for residents, but also worsens the ecology and their living environment. The “profitable-safe” dilemma can be solved by the approach of environmentally oriented selection of the type of route passenger transport and decisionmaking in favor of electric route passenger transport. The article discusses the types of such transport on the example of the experience of their use in the Republic of Belarus. The classification and systematization developed by the authors are presented with subsequent recommendations for its application. On the basis of the results of the authors’ research, the issues of interaction of rail and non-rail route vehicles with an electric drive with the organization of road traffic are separately considered. The presented materials can be useful to a wide range of readers, as well as to specialists conducting research and practical development in the field of electrically powered route vehicles and traffic management.
POLYCENTRIC MODEL OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGGLOMERATION AS AN ACTUAL TREND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN MEGAPOLISES
Authors:   Institute for Regional Economy Studies Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics, Sviridenko Marina V.
Published: November 2021

The article considers the model of development of modern megacities and substantiates the need for the formation of a polycentric structure of the spatial development of agglomerations. The current trends in the placement of educational, research, innovation, business and shopping and entertainment functions for the development of the agglomeration territory are analyzed, the structure of the risks of implementing a polycentric model of the development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration and the directions of their leveling and overcoming are proposed. As the most important driver for the polycentric development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration, the author highlights the creation of places of employment, both in the production and post-industrial spheres – the service economy and the knowledge economy, the IT sector.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN KELUARGA TENTANG PEMBUANGAN LIMBAH SAMPAH TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN DBD DI LINGKUNGAN V KELURAHAN LABUHAN DELI
Authors: Siregar Sarmaida , Aureliya Hutagaol  , Hamonangan Damanik  , Sarida Surya Manurung
Published: November 2021

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah suatu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus Dengue dan ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang ditandai dengan demam mendadak dua sampai tujuh hari tanpa penyebab yang jelas,lemah atau lesu, gelisah, nyeri ulu hati, disertai dengan tanda-tanda perdarahan di kulit berupa bintik perdarahan (petechia), ruam (purpura).Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  untuk mendeskrifsikan pengetahuan keluarga tentang pembungan limbah sampah terhadap pencegahan DBD di Lingkungan V Kelurahan Medan Marelan.Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk membuat gambaran  pengetahuan keluarga tentang pembungan limbah sampah terhadap pencegahan DBD dengan rancangan cross sectional. Pada penelitian ini mengunakan kuesioner dalam pengumpulan data. Populasi dalam penelitian seluruh keluarga yang tinggal di Lingkungan V Kelurahan Medan Marelan dan salah satu anggota keluarganya pernah menderita penyakit DBD. Jumlah populasi adalah sebanyak 37 orang dan sampel yang diambil dengan tehnik total sampling yaitu 37 orang. Identifikasi pengetahuan Keluarga tentang pembungan limbah sampah terhadap pencegahan DBD menggunakan instrumen dalam bentuk kuisioner tertutup. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian mayoritas pengetahuan keluarga cukup sebanyak 18 responden (48%) dan minoritas baik sebanyak 9 responden (24%), Untuk itu masih sangat penting penyuluhan pada keluarga tentang pembungan limbah sampah terhadap pencegahan DBD di Lingkungan V Kelurahan Medan Marelan agar tercapai kategori pengetahuan keluarga baik.
An Experimental Organization of Precarious Professionals
Authors: MacDonald Ian , Kolhatkar Manek
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the sector-wide organization of contractual archaeologists in Québec, beginning with the formation of a workers’ committee and leading subsequently to union accreditation. We theorize the difficulty of organizing these “precarious professionals” and suggest that self-organization outside of an industrial relations framework may be required to overcome barriers to their unionization. Deliberation, norm setting, and informal parlays with employers lead to clarifying class distinctions that professional identification often occludes, while self-organization increases worker confidence in collective action.

 

Cet article traite de l’organisation sectorielle des archéologues contractuels au Québec en commençant par la création d’un comité de travailleurs et menant par la suite à l’accréditation syndicale. Nous mettons en théorie les difficultés qui ont entravé l’organisation de ces «professionnels précaires», et proposons que l’auto-organisation en dehors d’un cadre de relations industrielles peut être nécessaire pour surmonter les obstacles à leur syndicalisation. La délibération, l’établissement des normes et les discussions avec les employeurs conduisent à clarifier les distinctions de classe que l’identification professionnelle occulte souvent, tandis que l’auto-organisation augmente la confiance des travailleurs dans l’action collective.
The Language of Things — On the Significance of Museum Objects for Social Discourse
Authors: Singendonk Roman
Published: November 2021

Museums are changing worldwide today, being fundamentally restructured and exposed to a variety of internal and external requirements. This highly charged process is needed to preserve and renew the importance of museums and their collections to society as a whole. The article begins with a discussion of this transformation and highlights the potential of museums and their social impact. In doing so, author focuses on the heart of all museums, on the objects themselves. Referring to the title of this volume, the author traces the language of the museum objects and discusses what they can tell us. But can things even talk? And if so, what stories do they tell us? Can we even understand them or are we too distracted? The language of things teaches us a lot about human history and in the best case also about their present and future. So it pays to listen carefully ...
The body and religious language
Authors: Esfahani Mahdi
Published: November 2021

In this article, the author discusses the relationship between the human body and the emergence of religious language, starting with the thesis that the nature of the human body has a direct effect on the determination of language, and that we only understand the meaning of words in accordance with our physical disposition. In this thorough philosophical-theological treatise on Being, speech, the body and prophetology, Qur’anic textual examples and Islamic traditions are used to explain how body and language interrelate and what conclusions can be drawn from this for the centuries-old theological debate on the "anthropomorphisms" in the Qur’an.
Secularization — the Return of Religions - Post-secularism
Authors: Zinser Hartmut
Published: November 2021

In his contribution, Hartmut Zinser views the processes of secularization within European or so-called Western societies, which have mainly taken place since the Enlightenment, through the lens of the sociology of religion. Starting from a definition of the profane and the sacred, he considers the historical "transition of sacralized objects into a secular use" and then explains why the so-called "secularization thesis", which assumes "an increasing replacement of the meaning of religion as a universal historical process," today cannot be considered valid anymore and is finished. But what consequences does this have for a modern, post-secular society as religions leave the "private" sphere, regain the public space and aspire again to social participation? Zinser approaches this question in the last chapter of his essay, where he also deals with the position of Jürgen Habermas in this regard.
Analisis Pengaruh Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Kebugaran Jasmani Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Guntur
Authors: Santoso Teguh
Published: November 2021

The study motivated the tendency of students to drop out of classes where they often had to leave as Indonesia awaits transmission of the Covid19 virus. This study was to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical fitness of  SMA Negeri 1 Guntur students. Researchers used a quantitative approach. All participants in this study were students of SMA Negeri 1 Guntur. The sampling technique in this study used three grades of random sampling technique including Grade X, XI, and XII from SMA Negeri 1 Guntur. To examine the results, the researchers used two Likert questionnaires as data collection tools: the fitness questionnaire and the athletic questionnaire during the pandemic. The analysis of the data used is Karl Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Method, which seeks to test the correlation between athletic training and fitness during a pandemic. The results showed the linearity test results obtained by Sig. If the linearity deviation > 0.05 or 0.632 > 0.05, there is a relationship between athletic variables and fitness during the pandemic. For correlation tests, see Sig. (2 tails) <0.05 or Sig value. (2 tails) is 0.000 & lt; 0.05, indicating that there is a correlation between physical education variables and students' physical fitness during the pandemic. SMAN 1 Guntur, Demak Regency.
Tantangan Kebijakan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan dalam Mendukung Peningkatan Daya Saing, Ekonomi dan Bisnis di Indonesia: Sebuah Studi Analisis
Authors: Sudewo Perdhana Ari
Published: November 2021

Seiring dengan target Indonesia untuk menjadi Negara maju tahun 2045, reformasi struktural sektor Industri di Indonesia terus dilakukan dengan target pada tahun 2030 mampu memberikan kontribusi 30% terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia. Dalam reformasi struktural, Industri Obat dan Makanan menjadi Industri prioritas dimana hal tersebut menuntut kebijakan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) untuk mampu mendukung peningkatan daya saing melalui penciptaan ekosistem bisnis yang mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis terkait tantangan kebijakan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan dalam meningkatkan daya saing Industri Obat dan Makanan untuk mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi, perluasan lapangan kerja, dan menciptakan ekosistem bisnis yang baik di Indonesia. Studi dilakukan menggunakan data sekunder melalui studi pustaka dari buku, jurnal, laporan, hasil kajian, artikel, dan dokumen internal BPOM. Hasil studi menunjukkan BPOM harus siap dan adaptif untuk menghadapi berbagai pengawasan, termasuk tantangan yang belum pernah dihadapi BPOM sebelumnya dampak dari tuntutan Pemerintah, digitalisasi sektor Industri dan perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan bidang Obat dan Makanan. Penyusunan kebijakan yang tepat, dan penyiapan sumber daya yang memadai perlu dilakukan BPOM untuk mampu menghadapi berbagai tantangan tersebut. Studi ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi pengambil kebijakan dan pegawai di BPOM dan pemangku kepentingan terkait dalam menyiapkan, menyusun, dan menetapkan kebijakan yang tepat dalam mendukung daya saing, ekonomi, dan bisnis di Indonesia.
Desain Primer dan Analisis in Silico untuk Amplifikasi Gen mt-Co1 pada Tikus got (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Sihotang Maria A E D , Erwinda Yola Eka , Suwarni Eniek , Lusianti Erita
Published: November 2021

Daging tikus got (Rattus norvegicus) merupakan salah satu bahan yang kadang-kadang digunakan untuk campuran bakso sapi dan pangan olahan lain untuk menekan harga produksi. Hal ini sangat merugikan konsumen, baik dari segi kesehatan maupun kehalalan produk pangan. Untuk mencegah terjadinya hal tersebut, pengembangan metode uji untuk mendeteksi daging tikus got dalam pangan olahan sangat diperlukan. Salah satu metode yang mudah dan cepat dalam mengidentifikasi daging tikus got dalam pangan olahan adalah metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Pengembangan metode endpoint PCR telah dilakukan, namun metode tersebut masih memiliki beberapa kekurangan dari segi spesifisitas dan kecepatan dalam perolehan hasil. pengembangan metode deteksi daging tikus got dengan metode real-time PCR perlu dikombinasikan dengan TaqMan probe yang lebih sensitif dan spesifik, sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif untuk pendeteksian daging tikus got dalam pangan olahan. Desain primer dan probe merupakan langkah awal dalam pengembangan metode deteksi dengan real-time PCR.  Penelitian ini bertujuan mendesain primer dan probe untuk deteksi gen mt-Co1 pada tikus got lalu dianalisis in silico. Sekuens gen mt-Co1 Rattus norvegicus (NC_001665.2) diperoleh dari pangkalan data National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Primer didesain menggunakan perangkat lunak Primer3Plus. Selanjutnya, beberapa kandidat primer dan probe dianalisis spesifisitasnya terhadap gen mt-CoI secara in silico menggunakan beberapa perangkat lunak, antara lain Primer-BLAST dan Nucleotide-BLAST. Primer dan probe yang spesifik terhadap gen mt-CoI pada tikus got (Rattus norvegicus) berhasil dikonstruksi dengan sekuens primer forward ATGAGCAAAAGCCCACTTTG; sekuen primer reverse CGGCCGTAAGTGAGATGAAT; dan probe GCAGGGATACCTCGTCGTTA. Primer dan probe ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan metode deteksi daging tikus pada bakso atau pangan olahan lain menggunakan real-time PCR dan TaqMan probe.
Strengthening Institutional Aspects of Farmers, Cipanas, Kabupaten Cianjur
Authors: Rizaldi Arjuna
Published: November 2021

Cooperative is an institution formed with the aim of prospering members in particular and society in general. This PKM activity was carried out with the aim of raising awareness of Cipanas village farmers, Cianjur Regency to join themselves in a cooperative in order to increase the competitiveness of Cipanas village farmers in general. This activity is carried out through the formulation of a model for strengthening farmer institutions and counseling to farmers in order to raise awareness of farmers to join in forming cooperatives. The result of this activity is the growing awareness of farmers about the importance of joining a cooperative as the first step in forming a cooperative.
Dissemination of The Fit and Proper Test Regarding The Appointment of The Board of Directors of The Tangerang Regency Regional Company (PERUMDAM)
Authors: Kusnandar Mas Iman , Pratiwi Refi , Abduh Muhammad
Published: November 2021

This socialization activity aims to introduce the Fit and Proper Test to participants of the prospective Board of Directors of Perumdam Tangerang Regency before the Feasibility and Fit Test is held. Feasibility Test and Proper Test to maintain the independence of the company. The method of implementing activities in the acceptance of prospective candidates for the Board of Directors consists of several stages, namely starting from administrative selection, selection of fit and proper test, interview test. This socialization activity must be carried out every time a Feasibility and Fit Test will be carried out because there is still a risk regarding a lack of understanding of the technicalities of the Fit and Proper Test. With the fit and proper test, it produces leaders who are intellectually competent as well as cognitive and emotional.
Social Media Use among University Students in Malaysia during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: DONGKE PAN , SANNUSI SHAHRUL NAZMI
Published: November 2021

Social media tools for communication, such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, or YouTube, have become important with the development of information and communication technology. In the field of higher education, university students are increasingly using social media to study and live. Consequently, university students and social media use have become a research topic of practical significance. Scholars in Malaysia have investigated this issue, and the results abound. However, few scholars have reviewed the research results of social media use among university students in Malaysia. By using the literature research method, this study reviews the latest research findings on social media use among students, especially during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study summarizes the collected literature into three themes: first, the relationship between social media use and academic performance of university students; second, the social media addiction of university students; and third, the relationship between social media use and mental health of university students. Simultaneously, this study presents the ways of thinking and contributions of scholars to address the aforementioned issues. Finally, this study critically examines the research limitations and blind spots, as they need further exploration by scholars and can serve as innovative points of this topic.
A Critical Review of Adversity Quotient Instruments: Using the Cosmin Checklist
Authors: DI YANG
Published: November 2021

Adversity intelligence and adversity quotient is the critical ability and robust predictor of a person’s success. However, no consensus and generalized instrument have been established. Hence, the study aims to assess the methodological quality and measurement features of the existing tools for adversity intelligence by identifying and evaluating the instruments following the consensus-based standards for selecting health measurement instruments (COSMIN) checklist. From 255 research studies, six tools were eligible by a systematic review of online databases and books. For three or more of the nine COSMIN criteria, only two of the instruments had strong to moderate levels of evidence. Meanwhile, none of the instruments met any of the criteria. These results demonstrate that no single instrument outperforms all others in all circumstances. Tools that will be refined in the future should capture the development, methodology, and quality during the development of the instrument and achieve a high measurement quality and a generalized tool of measuring adversity intelligence.
The Use of Digital Media among China students in Belarusian State University during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: HONGQUAN SHAO
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand the views of Chinese students studying in Belarus during the covid-19 pandemic and to reveal the extent to which they use online media. Through in-depth interviews, this study interviewed 10 Chinese students with different majors, genders, rental conditions and residence years in Belarus, hoping to objectively reflect the situation of Chinese students as much as possible. The interview results showed that during the epidemic period, online social media was the main contact information of these students, but Chinese media were more popular. Foreign media are the source of supplementary information for Chinese students during the epidemic. The diversity of media channels and the problems of Chinese social circles in Belarus also make Belarusian students experience information overload and information anxiety. In terms of media trust, Chinese students trust domestic mainstream media more than foreign media and social platform information.
Importance and Problems of Oral Teaching in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language
Authors: SHUTING LI
Published: November 2021

This study reviews the importance of oral teaching in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The oral teaching of the primary stage of Chinese as a foreign language has different characteristics and properties from other languages and other stages of learning in terms of the nature of the subject and the stage of learning. The main goal of oral teaching is to improve students’ oral communication skills. The training of second language teaching skills is generally divided into listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation. The purpose of language teaching is to cultivate students’ ability to communicate in the language they have learned. This study introduces the problems that should be paid attention to in the primary stage of oral teaching, which is helpful in teaching oral Chinese as a foreign language. Teaching Chinese as a foreign language should take the cultivation of learners’ language communication skills as the main goal, which has become a consensus among people. Among the many courses of Chinese as a foreign language, oral course can be regarded as the most flexible and directly related to the actual communicative ability of the training language. Speaking class provides students with speaking opportunities, such that students can master spoken words, spoken grammar and spoken expression patterns; fully mobilise the language information accumulated in the brain memory bank for communication; and move up from language learning as soon as possible The ‘plateau area’ in China is a problem that teachers of oral English classes need to explore. This study aims to improve the effect of oral Chinese teaching in the primary stage of teaching as a foreign language and achieve the expected teaching goals. This study also discusses this issue from the principles of specific teaching implementation.
In Memoriam Professor Dr. Hildegard L. C. Tristram (1941–2020)
Authors: Mac Mathúna Séamus
Published: November 2021

An obituary for the late Hildegard L. C. Tristram, Honorary Professor at the University of Freiburg im Breisgau
Heavy Metal Emissions from Linear Sources and Polluted Soil in The Capital City of Poland
Authors: Dmochowska Anna , Majder-Lopatka Małgorzata , Salamonowicz Zdzislaw , Piechota-Polanczyk Aleksandra , Polanczyk Andrzej
Published: November 2021

Human activities such as transport contribute to the environmental degradation. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the level of contamination of soils, from different districts of big cities of central Europe, with heavy metals: zinc, lead, and nickel. The samples were taken from the top, sodded soil layer. Each single sample weigh was about 1 kg taken from 1 m2 measuring station. Soil samples were dried at room temperature. The airborne dry soil was thoroughly mixed and sieved through a 1 mm nylon sieve. The study included analysis of which type of metals is washed out under the influence of abiotic factors (bioavailable forms) and demonstrating how spatial development affects the accumulation of selected heavy metals in the soil. The results indicated that heavy metals emitted to the ground layer of the atmosphere accumulate in the immediate vicinity of communication routes. Moreover, based on the analysis of interrelationships of zinc, lead, and nickel concentrations, it has been shown that there is a common source of their emission to soil. Furthermore, the thesis that the concentration of metals was dependent on the soil reaction was not confirmed.
Environmental Costs Generated by Road Freight Transport in Poland
Authors: Domagała Joanna , Zych-Lewandowska Maria
Published: November 2021

The sector of transport, on the one hand, contributes to the socio-economic development; on the other hand, it is the source of multiple external effects with a significant and adverse impact on the society and economy. In spite of many years' experiences in the study of external costs of transport, there are still large discrepancies in research approaches and methods. This article reviewed available studies in the scope of the estimation of external costs in transport and presented own estimations of the level of costs of climate change and air pollution generated by road freight transport in Poland. The estimation of external costs was conducted based on a method developed by Martinio et al. The obtained results of the study confirm the significant adverse effect of road freight transport on the environment. The results may be useful in the selection of appropriate transport policy instruments.
A New Approach to the Maximum Quarterly Water Consumption Modeling on the Example of Individual Water Consumers in a Small Water Supply System
Authors: Młyńska Anna , Bergel Tomasz , Młyński Dariusz
Published: November 2021

Quarterly water consumption data collected in a small water supply system were used for elaboration of a new water consumption modeling approach. In this paper, multi-distribution statistical analysis was performed. As the Anderson-Darling test proved, at least a half out of the ten tested theoretical probability distributions can be used for description of the water consumption. The application of the PWRMSE criterion made it possible to determine, which of the tested theoretical distributions is the best-fitted to the empirical data set. In the case of total daily water consumption for the group of the households, it was Johnson distribution, whereas for the average daily water consumption per capita, it was GEV distribution. Based on the best-fitted probability distribution, a 25-year water consumption simulation with the Monte Carlo method was conducted. Because methodology of this study is based on the probability distributions, even if the type of theoretical distribution of the water consumption will change, it will be still possible to use this simulation method by assuming the other distribution.
Problems of Environmental Law: Possibilities for Legislative Changes
Authors: Buribayev Yermek , Khamzina Zhanna , Zhumagulov Bolat , Zhangutin Baurzhan , Daubassov Sabit
Published: November 2021

Kazakhstan is a country experiencing tangible environmental problems. Currently, it faces numerous environmental problems such as air pollution, water pollution, exploitation of natural resources, negative consequences of mining, etc. In order to cope with environmental problems, a number of legislative acts have been enacted: the Environmental Code, the Water Code, the Forestry Code, a number of laws and government decrees that provide a legal basis for sustainable development. But, unfortunately, these laws and policies were not properly implemented due to issues such as inconsistency, weak enforcement, the presence of internal contradictions, gaps, and discrepancies, etc. As a result, the current legislation in the field of environmental protection does not meet the development objectives of our country, its lack of transparency hinders the development of the economy, and indistinctness reduces the competitiveness of domestic producers in the world market and the volume of investments attracted to the economy. Many aspects of the state's environmental activities remain unregulated from a legal point of view, which, on the one hand, leads to a deterioration in the quality of the environment and the plunder of natural resources, and on the other hand, creates conditions for the development of corruption. This study proposes individual solutions to problems in the environmental sphere by creating new legal norms, as well as eliminating contradictions between existing regulatory legal acts, systematizing legislation and establishing a unified practice of applying norms. It is concluded that the implementation of environmental human rights depends on the quality of regulatory legal acts and their effective application.
Processing and Performance of Blended Biodiesel Produced from Microalgae Pediastrum Boryanum
Authors: Chellappa Thiago , Silva Raphael , Filgueira Mário Sérgio Gomes , Rabelo Aisha , Aguiar Lira Isadora Patriota , Bremgartner Afra , Bragato Marcos , Figueiroa Dino Lincoln , Santa Rosa José Guilherme , Chellappa Naithirithi , Sanabio Robson Guimarães , Nascimento Rubens
Published: November 2021

In this present study, biodiesel was synthesized as per ASTM method by using algae as a raw material, which in the environment is considered as being a harmful waste and of a nature that blooms in ponds, lakes and reservoirs. In order to improve fuel quality, the transesterification process was carried out in this study so as to remove fatty acids and thereafter, analyze several fuel parameters of the biodiesel were determined. The calorific value of the biodiesel and its specific gravity was 42660 kJ/kg and 0.803 g/cm3 respectively. The viscosity of the sample was found to be 1.99. The cetane number of diesel fuel ranged from 40 to 55 and for the biodiesel it was found to be 47. The flashpoint and firepoint of the sample was recorded as 80°C and 94°C respectively. The conclusion is that it is worthy to mention that this process does not require high-end technology; hence, it could be used in the energy generation process in remote areas and as an alternative resource, as well.
The Influence of Aircraft Noise on the Prices of Residential Properties on the Example of Poznań
Authors: Chwiałkowski Cyprian , Zydroń Adam
Published: November 2021

The article analyses the influence of aircraft noise on the transaction prices of residential premises within the Poznań property market. The paper analyses the set of properties, subject to the transaction from the first to the fourth quarter of 2020. In total, 1550 properties were examined. The study defined basic attributes of all premises, exhibiting the most significant influence on their price. The research conducted using the hedonic regression allowed for the identification of crucial evidence that aircraft noise negatively affects the property transaction prices.
Impact of Nitrogen Oxides Emission Reduction Methods on Specific Fuel Consumption of Marine Diesel Engines
Authors: Herdzik Jerzy
Published: November 2021

The paper has been presented the methods of nitrogen oxides emission reduction to fulfill the Tier 2 and Tier 3 requirements of the Annex VI of MARPOL Convention. It has been shown the development of marine two-stroke diesel engines and the change of nitrogen oxides emission from 1960 to 2000 and later up to 2020 after the implementation of NOx emission reduction methods. Specific fuel consumption before 2000, and as a prediction and given data in the manufacturers manuals for Tier 3 engines up to 2020, and as only a prediction up to 2030 has been analyzed and elaborated. Impact of nitrogen oxides reduction methods on the specific fuel consumption of the marine diesel engine has been evaluated. Additional emission of some gases to the atmosphere due to the implementation of reduction methods has been determined. EGR and SCR systems have got a lot of imperfections: required to install additional reduction systems (investment cost, required volume in the engine room), need maintenance and operation costs, produced wastes during treatment process. The estimated additional cost is about 0.8 USD/MWh of produced energy, taking into account only the cost of excessive used fuel. The whole increased cost may reach the level two-three times more due to cleaning systems investment costs, their operational cost and waste disposal. It has been the one of the reasons of worsening the transport effectiveness and competitiveness.
Treatment of Craft Brewery Sewage with SS VF and FWS Constructed Wetland – Lab Scale Experiment
Authors: Dąbrowski Wojciech , Karolinczak Beata , Malinowski Paweł , Magrel Lech
Published: November 2021

The problem of wastewater treatment from craft breweries emerged in Poland about 10 years ago when an increase in the number of small breweries was observed. Plants located in small towns are forced to solve the problem on their own. One of the possibilities is to use low-cost technology of constructed wetlands with subsurface and surface flow. The purpose of the research was to test the possibility of effective treatment of sewage from a craft brewery in a lab-scale research installation and to determine the parameters for designing a real scale plant. Wastewater from the Waszczukowe brewery was used in the study. The research system consisted of a retention and aeration tank, SS-VF subsurface flow and FWS surface flow beds. An innovative Certyd filling produced by LSA company was used. The high efficiency of SS-VF bed and the entire research system was found. The removal efficiency in SS VF was on average 89.7% for BOD5, 90.5% for COD, 54.6% for TN and 52.1% for TP. For whole treatment it was respectively 97.1%, 96.7%, 72.6% and 61.3%. A high organic matter removal effect was found for the SS-VF bed (87.1 g BOD5 m-2 d-1) and a relatively low for the FWS (3.0 BOD5 g m-2 d-1). The study confirmed the need for plant design based on hydraulic load and required load removed per unit area.
Visual Analysis of the Cultural Landscape in Terms of Vegetation for the Purposes of Revitalization of Rural Areas
Authors: Szefler Sylwia
Published: November 2021

The article presents a visual analysis of the landscape, based on the modified SBE method and the possibility of using this type of research for the purposes of revitalization of rural areas. The scope of the research covered the Puchaczów commune in which, due to environmental conditions, mining related to hard coal extraction has developed. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the existence of diverse height structure of the plant cover increases the attractiveness of the landscape. The research method consisted in using the SBE analysis for 13 landscape units, presented as actual illustrations and modified pictures (as computer visualizations) by adding trees and shrubs. Then, using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test, it was examined whether there is a significant difference for the average visual value evaluation between original and modified sketches.
Assessment of the Water Needs of Fruit Plants in the Perspective of Climate Change
Authors: Stachowski Piotr
Published: November 2021

The paper includes a detailed water need forecasting analysis of fruit plants: apple trees, pear trees, cherry trees and plum trees, for the area of Poland with particular water deficits. The assessment was carried out for the multiannual period of 1989-2018, using three methods developed by Press, Grabarczyk and Rzekanowski, and Treder. The greatest water needs in the multiannual period (1989-2018) were demonstrated by apple and plum trees. The average water needs of apple trees in the multiannual period were 485 mm (Press method), 599 mm (Rzekanowski and Grabarczyk) and 558 mm (Treder), respectively. The average amount of water needs of plum trees was 506 mm (according to Press), 590 mm (Rzekanowski and Grabarczyk) and 548 mm (Treder). In practice, each of the methods presented should be used to forecast the water needs of fruit plants. This will minimise the risk of water shortages and will also enable determination of irrigation doses.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFUS CERDAS
Authors: Hamzah Hamzah , Amir Ardi , S. Pirade Yulius , Masarrang Maryantho
Published: November 2021

The rapid development of the world of technology that covers almost all sides of life has encouraged innovation and human creation to make various tools with automatic work systems. Giving fluids using intravenous fluids is one way to enter fluids intravenously to meet the needs of fluids, electrolytes, drug administration, and feeding. The process of replacing intravenous fluids that has reached the minimum replacement limit must be carried out promptly and quickly, so that there will be no delay in changing intravenous fluids which will result in unstable pressure on the infusion set which will result in blood clots.In its testing, this tool can display information on the total number of intravenous fluid drops, and the condition of the remaining infusion fluid level on the LCD, as well as an additional display of the number of intravenous fluid drops per minute on theapplications client PC and / or smartphone. Adjusting the position of the mini servo of the infusion tap, can be adjusted when the appliance is not or not connected to the client. The sensor optocoupler used can also detect every drop of intravenous fluid. The reading of the sensor optocoupler used can experience an error by a difference of 100% if the dripping of the intravenous fluid is too slow. This is caused by the drip that is read twice by the sensor because one drop of intravenous fluid is read again after more than 50 milli second.Key words: microcontroller, nodemcu esp8266, optocoupler, load cell, mini servo sg90, smart infusion.
SISTEM PENDETEKSI KUALITAS AIR DI SEKITAR PESISIR PANTAI TONDO MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY LOGIC
Authors: Sesengi Mohammad Idham , Jumiyatun Jumiyatun , Arifin Yusnaini , Dewi Sari
Published: November 2021

The disaster that hit Palu City recently caused changes in the quality of water consumed by the community. To find out whether it is feasible or not, a method is needed to detect a water quality system that is easy to apply at an economical price so that people can know for sure the quality of the water they use for their daily needs. Therefore, a tool is designed to determine the quality of water, which samples are taken around the coast of Tondo by using the Fuzzy Logic method. This design was built using the Arduino module by combining four sensors, namely a pH sensor, a TDS sensor, a Turbidity sensor, and a temperature sensor. Water quality in this study was divided into three groups, namely drinking water (UM), water for washing (UC), and water not suitable for use (TL). While the water quality benchmarks are known from the incorporation of existing sensor readings, so that the value of water quality measured in the study is in the unsuitable category with a fuzzy value of 100 in sample 1, and to use washing with a fuzzy value of 45.68 in sample 2, and 26.4 in sample 3.
ROBOT APUNG PEMBERI PAKAN IKAN KOLAM AIR TAWAR BERBASIS ARDUINO
Authors: Sadam Muhammad , Sollu Tan Suryani , Fauzi Rizana
Published: November 2021

The need for fish is increasing every year. Because it is increasing every year, fish farming must be increased in line with the use of improved fish farming technology. So that it requires an adequate technological structure and mechanization. Based on this background, the arduino-based floating robot for feeding freshwater pond fish is designed to be able to apply technology that is useful in feeding farmed fish.

The arduino based floating robot fish feeding freshwater fish pond using Arduino Mega 2560 as its microcontroller, 4 Sharp 2Y0A21 sensors that function to detect pond walls, RTC functions as a timer so that it can feed fish according to the time set on the tool, LCD functions as the information viewer of the tool, the L298N motor driver controls the DC motor and the servo motor functions as the opening or closing of the food valve on the appliance.

In the test, the arduino based floating robot fish feeding freshwater fish pond is able to float in water and can feed fish based on the time available on the tool. The Sharp 2Y0A21 sensor as a pool wall detector has a distance reading in the range of 1 millimeter to 10 centimeter. The robot can avoid the pool wall with a span of 3 - 7 seconds, this is influenced, among others, by surging water, wind, sensor response, and DC motors.