bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Anti-Bacterial Activity of Turnip Green Leaves Extracts
Authors: Kaur Jagwinder , Malhotra Meenakshi , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to assess the antimicrobial potential of aqueous and methanolic extracts from Brassica rapa L. leaves. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various compounds including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, sugars, soluble and insoluble fiber, and amino acids. Both extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activity against six microorganisms, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, compared with the standard antibiotic Gentamycin. Methanolic extract exhibited higher antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive bacteria compared to the aqueous extract.
Although specific active components were not isolated, the plant extracts contained potential antibacterial agents such as soluble fiber, minerals, amino acids, isothiocyanate glycosides, and essential oils. Additionally, compounds like 3,3'-diindolylmethane, sulforaphane, selenium, indole-3-carbinol, and vitamins like C, E, A, and K were identified. The methanolic extract, rich in sulfur and nitrogen-containing compounds, showed promising antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria.
In conclusion, Brassica rapa L. leaves could serve as a valuable source for developing safe antibacterial agents. The observed spectrum of activity suggests the potential for further exploration in drug development.
Keywords: Brassica rapa L., antibacterial activities, agar disc diffusion method, agar well diffusion method, Gentamycin, phytochemical analysis, Turnip green
Anti-epileptic activity of casticin phytoconstituent from Vitex negundo on validated animal model
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Bais Sanjay
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the antiepileptic potential of the methanolic extract of Vitex negundo leaves in seizure models induced in mice using lithium-pilocarpine, maximal electroshock (MES), strychnine, picrotoxin, and pentylenetetrazol. The extract demonstrated a protective effect against seizures induced by MES and enhanced the efficacy of standard anticonvulsant drugs against chemically-induced seizures. The results suggest that the flavonoids present in the methanolic extract may exert their antiepileptic effects by modulating GABAergic pathways and blocking sodium (Na⁺) channels in a dose-dependent manner. These findings highlight the potential of Vitex negundo methanolic extract as a promising therapeutic candidate for epilepsy treatment.
Keywords: Vitex negundo, methanolic extract, maximal electroshock (MES), antiepileptic, animal models, GABAergic pathway
An Investigation of Antiepiletic Activity of Plant Extracts in Experimental Animals
Authors: Chitra K K , Jat Rakesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

The current study is done on plant extracts as antiepileptic medication in ayurvedic formulation. The convulsions are induced by electro shock therapy or picrotoxin, strychnine/brucine. After induction of convulsion the plant extract is administered as standard group, control group and simple group of six albino rats and the results are screened and analyzed with standard drug comparision. Pre-treatment of MEIR (methanolic extract of Ipomoea reniformis) for 15days at the dose of 200 and 400 milligram per kilogram body weight was used to evaluate antiepileptic activity. The antiepileptic activity was studied against seizures induced by Maximum electro shock (MES) in rats, Isoniazid (INH) and Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in mice.. In pre-treatment studies of antiepileptic activity, MEIR significantly (p<0.01) reduced the tonic hind limb extensor phase in MES model at 400milligram per kilogram body weight, while in INH, PTZ models at  the dose of 200 and 400 milligram per kilogram body weight MEIR significantly (p<0.01) delayed the onset of clonic and tonic convulsions. The results of the Pr (+) study suggest that the MEIR possess antiepileptic activity in rats and mice. The results of each activites are compared with standard medicament and evaluated.
Keywords: Ipomoea reniformis, maximal electroshok, isoniazid, pentylenetetazol, convulsions, antiepileptic activity
Evaluation of Anti-depressant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Mice
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Rani Ritu , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal
Published: December 2024

The use of Moringa oleifera in the food preparations can help to meet the future demands of nutraceuticals and functional foods. The present work is aimed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves (EEMOL) in mice. The overnight fasted mice will be divided into 04 groups, each group consisting of 06 animals. The EEMOL will be given in various doses (10, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg ) by oral route with a gavage. After administration of the extract, the animal will be observed continuously for the first 2 hours and at 24 hrs to detect changes in behavioral responses and also for tremors, convulsion, salivation, diarrhea, lethargy, sleep, and coma and also will be monitored up to 14 days for the toxic symptoms and mortality. The mice of Moringa oleifera extract (300 & 600 mg/kg/p.o) treated group showed significantly (p<0.05) increased in body weight, feed intake and body water intake as compared to the control group. Treatment with Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg p.o.) the body weight, feed intake and body water intake significantly increased as compared to normal group. The observation of this study suggests that Moringa Oleifera has antidepressant activity. In conclusion, Moringa oleifera extracts possess a broad spectrum of activity against a panel of factors responsible for the most common psychosis diseases.
Keywords: Anti-depressant Activity, Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves, Fluoxetine
Evaluation of Anti-depressant activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves in mice
Authors: Sheikhar Chander , Rani Ritu , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal
Published: December 2024

Objective: The present is to evaluate antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves using experimental animals.
Method: The current study employed male Swiss albino mice weighing between 20 and 35 g and aged between 6 and 8 weeks. Hibiscus rosa sinensis extract were administered p.o to mice daily in two different doses (200 & 400 mg/kg/p.o) for 14 days regularly. After administration of the extract, the animal will be observed continuously for the first 2 hours and at 24 hrs to detect changes in behavioral responses and also for tremors, convulsion, salivation, diarrhea, lethargy, sleep, and coma and also will be monitored up to 14 days for the toxic symptoms and mortality. On 15th days, the animal subjected to Tail Suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) and plasma corticosterone level.
Result: The mice of Hibiscus rosa sinensis extract (200 & 400 mg/kg/p.o) treated group showed no significantly (p<0.05) difference in locomotors activity as compared to control group. Treatment with FXT (10 mg/kg p.o.)also showed no significant change as compared to control group. The above observation suggests that Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves has antidepressant activity.
Conclusion: The Ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis 400 mg/kg showed the most remarkable activity. This plant can be further subjected to isolation of the therapeutic Antidepressant compound and carry out further pharmacological evaluation.
Keywords: Depression, herbal medications. Hibiscus rosa sinensis, antidepressant plants
Microneedling Drug Delivery System: Strategies, Design, Manufacturing, Clinical Aspects and Treatment for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sharma Priyanshu , Singh Abhishek , Verma Kapil Kumar , Kumar Inder
Published: December 2024

Microneedling, a minimally invasive technique traditionally used in dermatology, has emerged as a promising approach to cancer therapy. The procedure involves creating microchannels in the skin using fine needles, enhancing the delivery of therapeutic agents directly into tumor tissues. This method overcomes the limitations of conventional cancer treatments, such as systemic toxicity and poor drug penetration, by facilitating localized and controlled drug delivery. Microneedling can also stimulate immune responses and induce tissue regeneration, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy and promoting tumor suppression. Recent studies have shown that microneedling can be combined with nanoparticles, chemotherapeutics, or gene therapies, allowing for a more precise and targeted treatment of cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Additionally, microneedling-based drug delivery systems can improve the bioavailability of drugs, reducing required dosages and associated side effects. The technique has been instrumental in treating skin cancers, such as melanoma, but its potential application in other solid tumors is currently being explored. While promising, further clinical studies are needed to optimize microneedling parameters and evaluate its long-term safety and efficacy in cancer therapy. As the field progresses, microneedling may revolutionize the delivery of cancer therapeutics, offering a cost-effective, patient-friendly option that complements existing treatments.
Keywords: Microneedling, Cancer therapy, Nanoparticles, Immunotherapy.
Effect of repeated salbutamol nebulization on serum potassium level in children with acute wheeze at tertiary health care center in Birgunj, Nepal
Authors: Singh Prabin Kumar , Singh Smita , Bhagat Phulgen , Ahmad Md. Parwez
Published: December 2024

Background: Nebulization Salbutamol has important role in the treatment of Acute wheeze despite of reported electrolyte imbalance so this study was conducted to know the changes in serum potassium level post Nebulization.
Methods:  A Cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 67 children aged 12-60 months presenting with acute wheeze at tertiary health care center. Baseline clinical parameters heart rate, respiratory rate, SpO2 along with serum potassium level was compared before and post repeated Salbutamol Nebulization.
Results:   The mean age of the study population was 35.95 months. The mean number of repeated Salbutamol Nebulization was 4.9 over mean time of 151 mins. There was significant increase in heart rate, decrease in respiratory rate and SpO2 post Salbutamol Nebulization. The Mean ±SD serum potassium concentration before and after Post Nebulization was 4.44±0.85 mEq/L and 4.01±0.97 respectively and it was statistically significant
(P<0.05, paired t-test). A fall in serum potassium was seen in 40 patients (59.70%).
Conclusion: Nebulization Salbutamol causes changes in serum potassium level so it should be monitored.
Keywords:  Acute wheeze, Heart rate, Nebulization Salbutamol, Respiratory rate, SpO2, Serum potassium.
Formulation, Optimization and Characterization: Thermosensitive Intranasal Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) In-situ Gel of Novel Agomelatine to Overcome the Limitations of Oral Delivery
Authors: Zainab Nabeela , Basha Syed Abdul Azeez , Mannan Abdul
Published: December 2024

Agomelatine (AG), the first-in-class melatonergic antidepressant used in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), belongs to BCS Class-II with low oral bioavailability (<5%) due to extensive hepatic metabolism. This research work developed a thermosensitive in-situ gel using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for intranasal delivery as alternate route, aiming to bypass hepatic metabolism, enable controlled release, and enhance cerebral distribution. FTIR ensured compatibility with lipids, surfactants and polymers. AG-NLCs were synthesized utilizing hot high-speed homogenization with 5 mg agomelatine dose and optimized with 32 factorial design with total lipids (Precirol® ATO 5:Oleic acid – 70:30) and surfactant concentration (% of Poloxamer 188)  as independent two-factor variables. The optimized AG-NLC (AF8) showed particle size of 159.3 nm, zeta potential of -37.0 mV, and 58.14% entrapment efficiency. AF8 was further fabricated into in-situ gels using thermosensitive polymer Poloxamer 407 and sodium alginate as mucoadhesive polymer, with NLCG-4 (with 8% Poloxamer 407) as the optimized in-situ gel formulation. NLCG-4 had 95.16±0.90% drug content, excellent viscosity (1690.65 ±0.40 cP at 37℃), and gelled at 33.24±0.11℃ in 10.3±0.38 seconds, ideal for nasal mucosa. NLCG-4 exhibited a complete, prolonged release of 100.01±0.2% over 6 h, and SEM images confirmed spherical particles without aggregation. The above findings suggest that thermosensitive NLC in-situ gel could be a potential novel approach for enhanced direct nose-to-brain delivery of agomelatine, bypassing first-pass metabolism to treat depression. Further in vivo investigations are ongoing to establish and justify clinical applicability of the novel system.
Keywords: thermosensitive, in-situ gel, NLC, agomelatine, major depressive disorder, intranasal delivery, Design Expert, poloxamer 407.
From Cream Categorization to Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review of Cosmetic Innovations
Authors: Somkuwar Simran Suresh , Sheik Sameer Mustafa , Sabale Saurabh , Tammewar Samiksha Sandeep , Hussain Ujban Md Hussain
Published: December 2024

The burgeoning concept of "Cosmeceuticals" represents a fusion of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, offering a novel approach to skin health and beauty. This review explores the diverse landscape of cosmeceuticals, emphasizing their categorization into skin, hair, and other cosmeceutical products. In particular, the article delves into the formulation and functionalities of skin care and hair care cosmeceuticals, shedding light on the intricate balance between pharmaceutical efficacy and cosmetic appeal. The exploration extends to the categorization of creams, a vital component of cosmeceuticals, emphasizing their role in topical drug delivery. The advantages and disadvantages of this delivery system are examined, providing insights into its unique attributes and challenges. Furthermore, the review investigates the physiology of the skin, crucial for understanding the efficacy of cosmeceutical products. A significant portion of the article focuses on the ingredients commonly used in skin creams, offering a comprehensive overview of water, oils, waxes, fats, and other key components. The discussion is extended to alternative medicines and creams for wound healing, incorporating insights from Ayurveda and contemporary medical formulations. Ayurvedic herbs, such as aloe vera, peppermint, and turmeric, are highlighted for their potential in promoting skin health and wound healing. The review concludes by addressing relevant methods of preparing creams for wound healing, emphasizing the importance of o/w and w/o emulsions. Additionally, key evaluation parameters for creams, including pH determination, physical appearance, and spreadability, are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the quality and efficacy of cosmeceutical formulations. This review contributes to the evolving field of cosmeceuticals, offering a synthesis of pharmaceutical and cosmetic innovations that pave the way for advanced skin care practices.
Keywords: Cosmeceuticals, Skin care, Hair care, Topical drug delivery, Emulsion creams, Wound healing, Ayurvedic medicines
Why do they use bhat chew sticks? An experiment to demonstrate the antihyperglycemic activity of Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn.
Authors: Tharu Manoj Kumar
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The rise in blood glucose than the recommended level is called hyperglycemia, mainly caused by diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is in turn a consequence of decreased insulin secretion or action or both. This experiment is intended to evaluate the effect of Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn. (bhat) chew sticks in controlling diabetes in humans. Method: The fasting blood sugar was measured twice with the help of a glucometer. First, all participants were requested to measure their blood sugar on an empty stomach in the morning without using a bhat chew stick. The next morning, their fasting plasma sugar was again accessed after the use of the bhat chew sticks as a toothbrush. The fall in blood sugar value was recorded and the efficiency of the stimulus was tested using student t-test at α level of significance and n-1 degree of freedom. Result: A total of 27 individuals participated in the study and all responded to the stimulus. A fall in blood glucose was observed between 3-59 mg/dL and the response was not found to be significant at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: Rural people use chew sticks as toothbrushes and prefer C. infortunatum twigs to control diabetes. The present experiment shows that bhat lowers the blood sugar level in both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. However, chronic impacts should also be monitored by conducting large-scale studies on humans to establish proper dosage, indications, and side effects of C. infortunatum.
Keywords: Clerodendrum infortunatum, diabetes, hyperglycemia, random blood sugar, chew stick.
Comparative Dissolution Studies on Various Brands of Telmisartan Tablets
Authors: Pande Arindam , Kumar Viveka , Prabhakar D. , Lala Rita R. , Gurjar Archana S. , Gianani Puja , Patil Sagar , Ghatge Shweta
Published: December 2024

Background: Telmisartan’s low solubility limits its bioavailability, leading to poor dissolution, reduced efficacy, and decreased patient compliance. This study assesses the dissolution and quality control of various commercially available 40 mg telmisartan IP tablets, all marketed as bioequivalent.
Methods: The study analyzed various marketed formulations containing Telmisartan. Both the marketed products and Tazloc were evaluated through dissolution studies (drug release), with drug quantification performed using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (Jasco UV-730) at λmax values of 291 nm and 296 nm.
Results: Tazloc demonstrated a drug release of 65% in 60 minutes in pH 1.2 HCl, outperforming other commercial tablets. In comparison, Brand A, Brand B, and Brand C each showed less than 60% release within the same period. Additionally, Tazloc exhibited the highest release—over 10% more than the other brands—in pH 4.5. In vitro release studies in pH 6.8 revealed that Tazloc achieved 95% release in 60 minutes, while Brand A, Brand B, and Brand C reached 91%, 82%, and 62%, respectively. Similarly, in pH 7.5 phosphate buffer, the cumulative drug release after 60 minutes was 99% for Tazloc, followed by 96% for Brand A, 94% for Brand B, and 93% for Brand C.
Conclusion: Tazloc, utilising ODCA technology, exhibits superior dissolution and solubility compared to conventional brands, ensuring enhanced bioavailability and optimal blood pressure control, leading to improved patient outcomes.
Keywords: cumulative release, dissolution, ODCA, patient compliance, quality.
Community Pharmacist Perception and Practice of Herbal product in Eastern Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dahal Prasanna , Thapa Rahi Bikram , Regmi Sushil , Magar Nabin Thapa
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Herbal Products (HP) are commonly utilized for both medicinal and preventative purposes, however, there is a rising concern about their efficacy and safety in contemporary medical practice. The study aims to determine the perception and practice regarding HP among community pharmacists in Eastern Nepal.
Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted in the Jhapa, Morang, and Sunsari districts of Eastern Nepal. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to assess pharmacists' perceptions and practices regarding herbal remedies.
Results:  Pharmacy personnel from 246 community pharmacies participated in the study, in which the majority were male (78.9%), and had more than 3 years of experience (57.7%).  47.2% of respondents had shown a positive perception towards HP, whereas only 25.6% of respondents demonstrated good practices regarding herbal items at their pharmacy.  Cough preparations (45.9%) and general health tonics (26.4%) were the most sold HP. Most participants (69.5%) believed HP is safe and effective, with 76% recommending the need for proper regulation. A significant number (84.1%) reinforced incorporating HP subjects in the pharmacy curriculum. In terms of practice, over half (51.2%) of pharmacy personnel sometimes dispensed HP, with 87.4% advising consumers on their use. A pharmacist perception was associated with pharmacy practice experience (p=0.020), and practice was linked with age, with better practices seen in those with age ≤30 years (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The study concludes that most community pharmacy personnel had poor perception and infrequent practice of herbal products in their pharmacy. The study recommends strict quality control, education, and regulation of herbal products to safely and effectively integrate HP in community pharmacy settings.
Keywords: Herbal products, Ayurvedic product, Community Pharmacist, Complementary and alternative medicine, attitudes, Practice
A Critical Review of Qabd (Constipation) in Unani Medicine
Authors: Farooq Syed Farhanda , Hussain Zaffar , Ayoub Mehwish , Sumeena Dr
Published: December 2024

Constipation is defined as a condition characterized by difficult or infrequent bowel movements, or the sensation of incomplete defecation. Constipation is difficult to characterize exactly because there are so many different normal bowel patterns. Most people have at least three bowel movements per week; however, the diagnosis of constipation is not solely based on low stool frequency. In Unani medicine, "Qabḍ" is precisely defined as a decline in the function of the large intestine. Some physicians believe that persistent constipation is caused by an overabundance of black bile (Sawdā) in the body. Therefore, treating constipation by reducing the excess Sawdā is regarded as crucial. Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical signs and symptoms, supplemented by the Rome II criteria, the Constipation Severity Index, and various constipation scoring systems. Additional specific investigations may also be employed as needed.
Keywords: Constipation; Qabd; Iḥtibāsal-Baṭn; Mullayin; Unani medicine.
Feasibility of single low-dose olanzapine with triple antiemetic therapy for prevention of highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a single-centre case series
Authors: Kamaraj Harish , Viswanathan Naveenraj , Jiju Ardhra , Viknesh R V , Kannan Ram Abhinav
Published: December 2024

Background: Olanzapine works well as an antiemetic; however, it causes significant somnolence during the day and has additional side effects when used at a standard dose. Our goal was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of low-dose olanzapine in patients with different cancers following highly emetogenic treatment.
Patients and Methods: This study was a retrospective, single-centre study in an Indian comprehensive cancer centre. Eight patients between the ages of 46 and 70 receiving cisplatin, a high emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) drug, were chosen for different types of cancers and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance level of 0–2. Patients underwent chemotherapy after receiving a prophylactic low-dose oral olanzapine regimen (2·5 mg) in conjunction with a triple antiemetic treatment. In the overall phase (0–120 hours), complete response (CR) and complete control (CC) were the major endpoints. The secondary outcome assessed safety according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V5.0 (CTCAE V5.0).
Results: All the studied patients were reported to have CR and CC. According to CTCAE v5.0, adverse effects grades varied from 0 to 1.
Interpretation: According to this study, prophylactic single low-dosage olanzapine (2·5 mg) was effective enough to prevent vomiting and nausea and reduce the incidence and severity of side effects in patients undergoing HEG; therefore, it should be deemed a new benchmark of care.
Keywords: Olanzapine, Cisplatin, Chemotherapy, Complete Control, Complete Response
Significar e contradizer: uma análise da ironia como estratégia discursiva na poesia de José Miguel Silva
Authors: Botelho Ana Carolina
Published: December 2024

Este artigo pretende pensar a ironia na poesia de José Miguel Silva como uma estratégia discursiva que transforma o poema em um espaço de refle- xão sobre o estar-no-mundo e de denúncia das contradições vigentes na sociedade atual. Transitando entre um humor que espelha o nonsense da vida moderna e uma certa melancolia, a poesia irônica de José Miguel Silva faz do cotidiano a sua matéria e da linguagem a sua “arma” na luta contra o esvaziamento do sentido da palavra na sociedade comunicacional contem- porânea e as incoerências do modelo econômico corrente.
A correção de masculinidades maritais através do riso: o caso de Júlio na Comédia do cioso de António Ferreira
Authors: Silva Carlos , Mendes Paula
Published: December 2024

No enredo principal da Comédia do Cioso de António Ferreira e contada a estória de Júlio, um marido muito ciumento, que comete todo o tipo de desvarios e exageros para impedir qualquer ocasião em que Livia, a sua esposa, possa cometer adultério. Aos olhos dos habitantes de Veneza e ate dos estrangeiros, este e um caso único e chocante. As ações extremadas deste marido despoletam vários momentos de riso, cuja origem está na representação dos exageros em que caem alguns maridos na “regência das esposas”, puxando ao limite as considerações dos moralistas matrimoniais ibéricos. Com efeito, o comportamento de Júlio e um perfeito exemplo de uma das masculinidades matrimoniais existentes no teatro português quinhentista: o marido ciumento. Pretendemos demonstrar que, cumprindo uma das funções mais tradicionais da comedia, a de reforma social (Eagleton, 2022, p. 56), a Comédia do Cioso utiliza o riso para criticar os maridos que cometem semelhantes loucuras na proteção da fidelidade.
Eça de Queirós cronista: a rir se castigam os costumes
Authors: Gomes Thimóteo Saulo , Camargo Luiz Rogério
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho investiga a produção cronística de Eça de Queirós presente em As Farpas, destacando sua crítica satírica à sociedade portuguesa do século XIX. Nas crônicas, o autor expõe as máscaras sociais usando o riso como um instrumento de conscientização, a partir das contradições captadas, por exemplo, nos discursos políticos e jornalísticos vigentes. Tomando como base alguns textos da obra Uma campanha alegre, o artigo analisa como a proposta de Eça de desmascarar a hipocrisia por meio da ridicularização (algo que também estaria presente no estilo romanesco do autor) se estrutura no discurso dinâmico da crônica.
Vencer o esquecimento ou Da arte como instrumento para tornar sensível o inumano
Authors: Valentim Jorge Vicente
Published: December 2024

Livro resenhado:FARIA, Paulo. Louvado seja o pesadelo. Lisboa: Minotauro, 2024.
Acreditación de calidad educativa en ingeniería: entre la política pública y las tendencias emergentes del contexto
Authors: Castro-Casadiego Sergio Alexander , Salazar-Torres Juan Pablo
Published: December 2024

En la era actual, marcada por la rápida evolución tecnológica y la globalización, la formación de ingenieros altamente competentes se vuelve crucial para el desarrollo económico y social. En este contexto, la acreditación de la calidad educativa en ingeniería surge como un proceso fundamental para garantizar que los programas de formación respondan a las demandas del mercado laboral y a los estándares internacionales. Sin embargo, la acreditación se encuentra entre las políticas estatales que buscan regular y asegurar la calidad de la educación superior, y los nuevos desafíos y oportunidades que surgen en el contexto. Este artículo examina la relación dinámica entre las políticas públicas y las tendencias emergentes en el reconocimiento de la educación de calidad en ingeniería. Asimismo, mediante un estudio comparativo de sistemas de acreditación y análisis de casos, analiza las fortalezas y debilidades de los modelos de acreditación que ayudan a entender los retos y oportunidades que los sistemas tecnológicos en el aprendizaje afrontan tras los esfuerzos del siglo XIX, y los datos de su potencial para evolucionar. Igualmente, persiguen tendencias en auge, como la aparición de las tecnologías digitales, el incremento en la necesidad de competencias transversales y la internacionalización de la educación universitaria.
A Comprehensive Review of Traditional Food Processing Methods and Their Effects on Food Security
Authors: David Tegan
Published: December 2024

Traditional food processing methods, which have been used for centuries across various cultures, play a crucial role in ensuring food security. These methods, including fermentation, drying, smoking, milling, and preservation, help extend the shelf life of food, improve its nutritional quality, and enhance food availability, especially in regions prone to seasonal fluctuations and food shortages. Traditional processing methods also contribute to the development of local economies by empowering small-scale farmers and processors. However, these techniques can have both positive and negative effects on food security, depending on their efficiency, scalability, and sustainability. This review explores a range of traditional food processing methods, analyzing their impact on food preservation, nutrient retention, and the socio-economic aspects of food security. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities presented by integrating traditional food processing into modern food systems. Emphasis is placed on how these methods can complement contemporary technologies to build resilient food systems that address hunger, malnutrition, and poverty, particularly in rural and resource-poor settings.
A Comprehensive Review of Safety, Security, and Food Waste in the Food Supply Chain Logistics
Authors: Popik Kenneth
Published: December 2024

The food supply chain logistics (FSCL) plays a vital role in ensuring food reaches consumers safely and efficiently. As the global food system becomes more complex, ensuring the safety, security, and minimizing food waste throughout the supply chain has become increasingly important. This review examines the key challenges and solutions associated with food safety, food security, and food waste in the FSCL, highlighting their interdependence and the need for integrated solutions. Food safety encompasses measures to prevent contamination, spoilage, and health hazards from farm to fork, utilizing technologies such as traceability systems. Food waste, which accounts for approximately one-third of global food production, results from inefficiencies and improper handling throughout the supply chain, with significant losses occurring in production, distribution, and consumption stages. Strategies to combat food waste include improving logistics infrastructure, better inventory management, and consumer education. This review advocates for a holistic approach to improving safety, security, and waste reduction in the FSCL, emphasizing the adoption of advanced technologies, policy interventions, and sustainable practices to create a more resilient, efficient, and sustainable food system.
Kenneth Arrow's Last Theorem
Authors:   Stanford University, Milgrom Paul
Published: December 2024

In Kenneth Arrow's last week of life at age 95, he reported that "I began my research career with an impossibility theorem. If I had time now, my last theorem would be an impossibility theorem about social choice for environmental policy." This paper completes the formalization, proof, and discussion of the theorem that Arrow then described.
The Existence of Equilibrium Flows
Authors:   New York University and Sciences Po, Galichon Alfred , Samuelson Larry ,   Yale University, Vernet Lucas ,   Sciences Po and Banque de France
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we establish conditions for the existence of an equilibrium in the equilibrium flow problem studied by Galichon et al. (2024). The problem nests several classical economic models such as bipartite matching models, hedonic pricing models, shortest-path and minimum-cost flow problems, and time-dependent routing problems.
Respect for Improvements and Comparative Statics in Matching Markets
Authors:   Harvard University and a16z crypto, Kominers Scott Duke
Published: December 2024

One of the oldest results in the theory of two-sided matching is the entry comparative static, which shows that under the Gale-Shapley deferred acceptance algorithm, adding a new agent to one side of the market makes all the agents on the other side weakly better off. Here, we give a new proof of the entry comparative static, by way of a well-known property of deferred acceptance called respect for improvements. Our argument extends to yield comparative static results in more general settings, such as matching with slot-specific preferences.
An Efficient and General Ascending Menu Auction under Budget Constraints
Authors:   University of York, Yang Zaifu , Yu Jingsheng ,   Wuhan University
Published: December 2024

An auctioneer wishes to sell multiple heterogeneous indivisible items to several bidders. Every bidder can demand several items, have complex preferences and faces a hard budget constraint. In this setting, Walrasian equilibria may fail to exist. We propose an ascending menu auction that always yields an efficient allocation of items, which is not only in the core but also strongly Pareto efficient. Furthermore, the auction finds a strong core allocation with a fully efficient assignment of items when bidders are not budget constrained.
Chemometrics as an aid to quickly evaluate galactomannans through infrared spectroscopy
Authors:   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, Calvo-Gomez Octavio , Ruzibayev Akbarali ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, Salijonova Shakhnozakhon ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, Gaipova Shakhnozakhon ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, Khodjaev Sarvar ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, Khakimova Zulfiyakhon ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, Rakhimov Dilshod ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan
Published: December 2024

Galactomannans, composed of galactose and mannose, may form gels and are considered safe because of their non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible nature. As a result, they are widely utilized in the food industry as stabilizers and thickeners. Among galactomannan producing species, guar gum and locust bean gum are particularly important due to their economical relevance. Guar gum and locust bean gum are often adulterated with cellulose gums like xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Adulteration of galactomannans with other gums may introduce uncertainties regarding functionality and complicate quality control, posing a potential problem for the food industry. Among the different techniques which have been used for determining and characterizing galactomannans, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy stands out. Especially when coupled to Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR), analyses are performed rapidly, with a minimum sample preparation, and without the need for solvent or previous extraction mechanisms. However, food is a very complex matrix that contains a high number of components which generate a multitude of spectral information and large data sets. Consequently, additional data processing tools such as chemometrics are needed to be able to draw useful information from spectra. Our goal in this work is to show how to optimize conditions for instrumental analysis by infrared spectroscopy of galactomannans and its constituent monomers and create a chemometric model where galactomannans could be differentiated as a single group. We successfully optimized the PCA model obtained after chemometric processing of infrared data through reducing dimensions by loadings selection.
Biochemical analysis of melon seeds: the role of water-soluble vitamins and fatty acids in nutrition
Authors:   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, Israilova Shoirakhon , Serkaev Kamar ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan, Khamidova Madina ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Uzbekistan
Published: December 2024

Melon seeds have been recognized as a nutritional powerhouse, offering a range of essential vitamins and fatty acids that play a critical role in maintaining and enhancing our health. This study aims to analyze the fatty acid profile and water-soluble vitamins in melon seeds in order to highlight the importance of incorporating melon seeds into our diets, not only as a source of nutrients but also as a means of promoting overall health and well-being. It delves into the rich nutritional profile of melon seeds, underscoring their valuable contribution to a balanced diet. Water soluble vitamins C, PP and B1 were detected in melon seeds in this study. Regarding fatty acid profile, PUFA C 18:2 was the most abundant (35.31%), followed by MUFA C18:1 (25.83%), although other unsaturated and saturated fatty acids were also determined. This comprehensive analysis of melon seeds' nutritional benefits encourages further exploration of their potential in enhancing diet quality and supporting long-term health objectives.
Intellectual property rights in Latvia: issues of valuation and accounting
Authors:   University of Latvia, Latvia, Būmane Inga , Joppe Aina ,   University of Latvia, Latvia
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, when the economic development of countries is more and more influenced by knowledge-based, innovative entrepreneurship, particular attention is paid to the application and protection of intellectual property. Enterprises can acquire intellectual property rights in various ways externally and such rights can also be generated by enterprises internally: they launch and subsequently produce new or improved products and services (research and development) and ensure the protection of intellectually intensive products (patents, trademarks, computer software, etc.). Thus, it is important to study the valuation and accounting of intellectual property rights. The aim of the research is, on the basis of the studies of intellectual property rights accounting policy in Latvia, to identify the shortcomings related to the valuation and accounting of intellectual property rights and to develop recommendations for their elimination. The following research tasks are subject to the aim: to study IPRs concept, regulatory framework and statistical data, to valuate accounting policy for IPRs; to identify shortcomings related to the valuation and accounting of IPRs; to develop recommendations for the elimination of identified shortcomings. The results of research enable to draw a conclusion that the requirements of the laws and regulations of Latvia do not prevent from the capitalization of intellectual property rights as intangible assets; however, it is necessary to revise and improve some requirements. In the conclusion of research, the authors have elaborated recommendations for the elimination of identified shortcomings.
Impact evaluation of the Rural Development Programme support to small farms with regression discontinuity design
Authors:   Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Latvia, Hāzners Juris , Vēveris Armands ,   Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Latvia, Benga Elita ,   Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Latvia
Published: December 2024

The viability of small farms and their participation in the market are demanding issues of the European agricultural policy. So it is important to appraise the most effective support measures to address these topics. The research objective is the evaluation of the net direct impact of the Latvian Rural Development programme (RDP) support to small farms on the farm economic indicators such as Balance, Utilized Agricultural Area, Intermediate Consumption, Labor and Productivity. To reach the research objective, Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) method is applied. An outstanding advantage of the method is that the assessment can be carried out in conditions of limited data availability, when the larger number of farming indicators are unavailable and application of other methods is not appropriate. The results of the research prove that Program support contributes to the increase in all five indicators concerned. According to the specifics of the selected method, a single RDP sub-measure has been chosen for the study aimed directly at small farms. Applying the RDD method, a positive impact of support on indicators such as production subsidy and tax balance, agricultural land and productivity for a single beneficiary has been observed. A less pronounced positive impact on employment has been found. The impact on intermediate consumption expenses is small and positive. At the national level, the support has contributed to the substantial increase in the relevant indicators in the group of small-sized farms.
Deciphering human intelligence for better machine intelligence
Authors: Lee Chunsik
Published: December 2024

Jeff Hawkins’ A Thousand Brains: A New Theory of Intelligence offers a groundbreaking perspective on the interplay between human and machine intelligence. The book presents the Thousand Brains theory, positing that the neocortex’s cortical columns function as individual prediction machines, enabling the brain’s adaptability and versatility. By drawing parallels between biological intelligence and neural networks, Hawkins provides insights into how machine intelligence can mimic human learning through concepts like reference frames and continuous updates. The book also challenges conventional notions of intelligence, advocating for a definition grounded in principles like contextual understanding and multidimensional learning. Additionally, Hawkins critiques fears of AI’s existential threats, instead emphasizing the importance of human motivations and market-driven decisions in shaping AI’s impact. This compelling work bridges neuroscience and AI, offering readers a thoughtful exploration of intelligence, consciousness, and the evolving relationship between humans and machines. It is an essential read for scholars and practitioners in neuroscience, AI, and cognitive science.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PRODUCTION AND EXPORT-IMPORT POTENTIAL OF THE SUGAR MARKET
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Shandrivska O. , Kuryn A. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2024

The purpose. The aim of the study is to investigate the trends in the development of the sugar market in Ukraine, taking into account the trends in the global sugar market.
The objectives of the study are as follows:
– to analyse certain parameters of the global sugar market;
–- studying the specifics of the sugar market in Ukraine and its export-import potential in the context of macroeconomic and geopolitical disturbances;
– studying the impact of the beet industry on the efficiency of the sugar market in Ukraine.
Such research methods as the systematic method were used to study the situation of the sugar market in Ukraine, taking into account world trends; analytical method - for quantitative analysis of the production and export-import potential of the Ukrainian sugar market; statistical method - for the analysis of the production and export-import market of sugar in Urkain.

Value and added value. The current state and problems of development of the sugar market in Ukraine and its place in the world sugar market are considered. The specifics of world sugar production and sugar beet as the main raw material for sugar production are analysed. The peculiarities of sugar exports and the volume of sugar consumption per capita in the world are identified. The dynamics of transformation of the main parameters of the sugar market in Ukraine is analysed and its export-import potential is estimated. The sequence of calculation of the sugar market capacity in Ukraine and market shares of the main sugar producers is considered.

Practical value. The results of the conducted research in terms of determining the state and development trends of the sugar market, taking into account world trends, will be interesting for producers of the sugar industry when they carry out export-import transactions with sugar; producers of the beet sugar industry when interacting with counterparties from the sugar industry in terms of the application of integration strategies
MANAGEMENT REPORTING IN THE COST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF LOGISTICS ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lemishovska O.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. Management of logistics costs includes making optimal decisions based on internal and external information, which is used to analyze and calculate a large number of indicators characterizing the logistics system from the point of view of costs. The existing problems and debatable issues regarding the relevance of the information of the accounting system on the reflection of costs related to the logistics activity at the enterprise are given.

Design/methodology/approach. The theoretical basis of the research was the fundamental provisions of economic theory, the work of domestic and foreign scientists. In the process of research, the principles of system and process approaches were applied as components of the concept of managing logistics costs of the enterprise. The method of scientific abstraction is used to formulate theoretical generalizations and conclusions regarding the function of management reporting in the system of cost management mechanisms of the enterprise. The methodological basis of the study is based on a dialectical approach and a systematic method of studying the problems of information support for cost management at logistics enterprises.

Findings. On the basis of the conducted research, the purpose, principles, functions, tasks and requirements for the introduction of management reporting into the logistics cost management system were determined. The classification features of logistics costs of enterprises for separate reports of internal management reporting regarding its volume, forms and terms of submission are substantiated. It has been proven that the correct structuring of logistics costs and methods of their distribution make it possible to identify, evaluate and optimize costs, justify management decisions aimed at their minimization

Practical implications.. The implementation of logistics approaches by domestic enterprises in flow process management systems allows to quickly manage product and material flows, assess the demand for goods, plan inventory indicators, synthesize the tasks of supply, production and sale of finished products. The formation of a subsystem of management accounting and internal business reporting targeted at logistics costs and, based on them, analytical support of logistics operations strengthens the effectiveness of the management mechanism. logistics chains of the enterprise.

Originality/value. The expediency of using the ABC costing (Activity Based Costing) method in domestic theory and practice is argued for managing logistics costs and on the basic basis of this method to form the content parameters of goal-oriented management reporting. The expediency of building management reporting is justified by the fact that it is possible to implement a differentiated cost accounting method and organize management accounting of costs by function.