bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wave Ripple Development on Mixed Clay‐Sand Substrates: Effects of Clay Winnowing and Armoring
Authors: Wu Xuxu , Baas Jaco H. , Parsons Daniel R. , Eggenhuisen Joris , Amoudry Laurent , Cartigny Matthieu , McLelland Stuart , Mouazé Dominique , Ruessink Gerben
Published: October 2018

Based on bed form experiments in a large‐scale flume, we demonstrate that the rate of development of wave ripples on a mixed sand‐clay bed under regular waves is significantly lower than on a pure‐sand bed, even at clay fractions as low as 4.2%, and that this rate of development decreases exponentially from 4.2% to 7.4% clay. These experiments also showed that, despite the slow growth of the bed forms in the mixed sand‐clay, the equilibrium length and height of the wave ripples were independent of the initial bed clay fraction. Given that the ripple crests were composed of pure sand at the end of all the experiments that started with well‐mixed sand‐clay, it is inferred that the clay was removed from the bed during the development of the wave ripples through winnowing into the water column, and possibly also by sieving into the subsurface, where the final clay fractions were found to be higher than the initial clay fractions. These clay removal processes are interpreted to have facilitated the wave ripples to reach equilibrium lengths and heights that are similar to those in pure sand. Clay‐carrying pore flow initiated by pressure gradients between the wave ripple troughs and crests might also have contributed to the accumulation of clay in the sediment below the wave ripples. The formation of the clay‐enriched “armoring” layer in the substrate is likely to further reduce erosion rates and could influence the dispersion of nutrients and pollutants in coastal seas.
Validation of Ionospheric Specifications During Geomagnetic Storms: TEC and foF2 During the 2013 March Storm Event
Authors: Shim J. S. , Tsagouri I. , Goncharenko L. , Rastaetter L. , Kuznetsova M. , Bilitza D. , Codrescu M. , Coster A. J. , Solomon S. C. , Fedrizzi M. , Förster M. , Fuller‐Rowell T. J. , Gardner L. C. , Huba J. , Namgaladze A. A. , Prokhorov B. E. , Ridley A. J. , Scherliess L. , Schunk R. W. , Sojka J. J. , Zhu L.
Published: October 2018

To address challenges of assessing space weather modeling capabilities, the Community Coordinated Modeling Center is leading a newly established International Forum for Space Weather Modeling Capabilities Assessment. This paper presents preliminary results of validation of modeled foF2 (F2 layer critical frequency) and TEC (total electron content) during the first selected 2013 March storm event (17 March 2013). In this study, we used eight ionospheric models ranging from empirical to physics‐based, coupled ionosphere‐thermosphere and data assimilation models. The quantities we considered are TEC and foF2 changes and percentage changes compared to quiet time background, and the maximum and minimum percentage changes. In addition, we considered normalized percentage changes of TEC. We compared the modeled quantities with ground‐based observations of vertical Global Navigation Satellite System TEC (provided by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory) and foF2 data (provided by Global Ionospheric Radio Observatory) at the 12 locations selected in middle latitudes of the American and European‐African longitude sectors. To quantitatively evaluate the models' performance, we calculated skill scores including correlation coefficient, root‐mean square error (RMSE), ratio of the modeled to observed maximum percentage changes (yield), and timing error. Our study indicates that average RMSEs of foF2 range from about 1 MHz to 1.5 MHz. The average RMSEs of TEC are between ~5 and ~10 TECU (1 TEC Unit = 1016 el/m2). dfoF2[%] RMSEs are between 15% and 25%, which is smaller than RMSE of dTEC[%] ranging from 30% to 60%. The performance of the models varies with the location and metrics considered.
Late Paleozoic Iberian Orocline(s) and the Missing Shortening in the Core of Pangea. Paleomagnetism From the Iberian Range
Authors: Pastor‐Galán Daniel , Pueyo Emilio L. , Diederen Mark , García‐Lasanta Cristina , Langereis Cor G.
Published: October 2018

Supercontinents are usually interpreted to be single and rigid continental plates. How and when Pangea became a rigid supercontinent is disputed, and age estimations vary from ~330 to ~240 Ma. The Gondwana‐Laurussia collision formed the Variscan‐Alleghanian belt, the most prominent witness of Pangea's amalgamation. In Iberia, this orogen draws an “S” shape featured by the Cantabrian Orocline and the Central Iberian curve. The curvature of Central Iberia is particularly evident in Galicia‐Trás‐os‐Montes and in a change of trend that it draws in the Aragonese Branch of the Iberian Range. Recent research showed that both curvatures are not coeval and that the Central Iberian curve had to form prior to ca. 318 Ma (i.e., not a secondary orocline). We report paleomagnetic and structural results from Paleozoic rocks in the Santa Cruz syncline (Aragonese Branch of the Iberian Range) that indicate two main vertical axis rotations events: (1) a Cenozoic (Alpine) clockwise rotation of >20° and (2) a late Carboniferous counterclockwise rotation of ~70°. Once the Cenozoic rotation is restored, the change in structural trend that allegedly evidences the outer arc of the Central Iberian curve disappears. Whereas the Cenozoic rotation is incompatible with a Central Iberian curve, the late Carboniferous rotation is fully compatible with the Cantabrian Orocline, enlarging the area affected by its counterclockwise rotations and the existence of a nonrigid Pangea until, at least, ~295 Ma.
Subduction Zones Interaction Around the Adria Microplate and the Origin of the Apenninic Arc
Authors: Király Ágnes , Faccenna Claudio , Funiciello Francesca
Published: October 2018

The study of slab‐slab interactions has come to the front of geodynamics researches to explain geological and geophysical observations from tectonically complex areas. Here we aim to better understand the geodynamics of the Central Mediterranean, where the Adria plate subducts on its two opposite sides. Additionally, the slab below the Central South Apennines has been progressively breaking off during the last 3 Myr. The role of a slab window in a single slab or in an outward dipping double‐sided subduction system is addressed by analog models at the scale of the upper mantle, realized using glucose syrup and silicone putty, to model the interaction between the Earth's mantle and the lithosphere. Our results show that the presence of a slab window modifies the pattern of mantle circulation, as well as the trench geometry and kinematics. In particular, the opening of the slab window induces the formation of two arcs flanking the window, while the mantle flows through it and turns toward the arcs, creating a small‐scale toroidal flow. The effect of a slab window is more pronounced on double subduction systems, as the outflow through the window is amplified, while internal deformation is induced in the plate by the opposite slab pull force. These experimental results suggest that the origin of the Apenninic and the Calabrian arcs is the result of the formation of a slab window, providing a new interpretation of the surface deformation and the SKS shear wave splitting pattern of the Adria microplate.
Disintegration of simulated drinking water biofilms with arrays of microchannel plasma jets
Authors: Sun Peter P. , Araud Elbashir M. , Huang Conghui , Shen Yun , Monroy Guillermo L. , Zhong Shengyun , Tong Zikang , Boppart Stephen A. , Eden J. Gary , Nguyen Thanh H.
Published: October 2018

Biofilms exist and thrive within drinking water distribution networks, and can present human health concerns. Exposure of simulated drinking water biofilms, grown from groundwater, to a 9 × 9 array of microchannel plasma jets has the effect of severely eroding the biofilm and deactivating the organisms they harbor. In-situ measurements of biofilm structure and thickness with an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system show the biofilm thickness to fall from 122 ± 17 µm to 55 ± 13 µm after 15 min. of exposure of the biofilm to the microplasma column array, when the plasmas are dissipating a power density of 58 W/cm2. All biofilms investigated vanish with 20 min. of exposure. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) demonstrates that the number of living cells in the biofilms declines by more than 93% with 15 min. of biofilm exposure to the plasma arrays. Concentrations of several oxygen-bearing species, generated by the plasma array, were found to be 0.4–21 nM/s for the hydroxyl radical (OH), 85–396 nM/s for the 1O2 excited molecule, 98–280 µM for H2O2, and 24–42 µM for O3 when the power density delivered to the array was varied between 3.6 W/cm2 and 79 W/cm2. The data presented here demonstrate the potential of microplasma arrays as a tool for controlling, through non-thermal disruption and removal, mixed-species biofilms prevalent in commercial and residential water systems.
Effects of Different Shaped Nanoparticles on the Performance of Engine-Oil and Kerosene-Oil: A generalized Brinkman-Type Fluid model with Non-Singular Kernel
Authors: Ali Farhad , Aamina  , Khan Ilyas , Sheikh Nadeem Ahmad , Gohar Madeha , Tlili I.
Published: October 2018

In the modern era, diathermic oils have been gotten the great attention from researchers due to its notable and momentous applications in engineering, mechanics and in the industrial field. The aim of this paper is to model the problem to augment the heat transfer rate of diathermic oils, specifically, Engine-oil (EO) and Kerosene-oil (KO) are taken. The present work is dedicated to examine the shape impacts of molybdenum-disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles in the free convection magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Brinkman-type nanofluid in a rotating frame. The problem is modeled in terms of partial differential equations with oscillatory boundary conditions. The integer-order model is transformed to fractional-order model in time (Caputo-Fabrizio). The exact solutions are obtained using the Laplace transform technique. Figures are drawn to compare the different non-spherically shaped molybdenum-disulfide nanoparticles on secondary and primary velocities. The Nusselt number is computed in the tabular form and discussed in detail. It is worth noting that platelet and blade shape of MoS2 nanoparticle has more tendency to improve the heat transfer rate of both fluids as compared to nanoparticles with brick and cylinder shapes. It is also shown that the rate of heat transfer enhances 13.51% by adding MoS2 in engine oil which improved its lubrication properties.
Incomplete lineage sorting rather than hybridization explains the inconsistent phylogeny of the wisent
Authors: Wang Kun , Lenstra Johannes A. , Liu Liang , Hu Quanjun , Ma Tao , Qiu Qiang , Liu Jianquan
Published: October 2018

The wisent or European bison is the largest European herbivore and is completely cross-fertile with its American relative. However, mtDNA genome of wisent is similar to that of cattle, which suggests that wisent emerged as a hybrid of bison and an extinct cattle-like species. Here, we analyzed nuclear whole-genome sequences of the bovine species, and found only a minor and recent gene flow between wisent and cattle. Furthermore, we identified an appreciable heterogeneity of the nuclear gene tree topologies of the bovine species. The relative frequencies of various topologies, including the mtDNA topology, were consistent with frequencies of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) as estimated by tree coalescence analysis. This indicates that ILS has occurred and may well account for the anomalous wisent mtDNA phylogeny as the outcome of a rare event. We propose that ILS is a possible explanation of phylogenomic anomalies among closely related species.
Activated hepatic stellate cells promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma through transglutaminase 2-induced pseudohypoxia
Authors: Ma Hui , Xie Liqi , Zhang Lan , Yin Xin , Jiang Hucong , Xie Xiaoying , Chen Rongxin , Lu Haojie , Ren Zhenggang
Published: October 2018

Activation of hepatic stellate cells reportedly contributes to progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we use quantitative proteomics and ingenuity pathway analysis to show that transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is upregulated in the course of activated hepatic stellate cells promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC-derived cells both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, activated hepatic stellate cells promote TGM2 upregulation in HCC cells through inflammatory signalling; and TGM2-induced depletion of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, a key molecule in the degradation of hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) under normoxia, then causes HIF-1a to accumulate, thereby producing a pseudohypoxic state that promotes EMT in HCC cells. These findings suggest that the promotion of EMT in HCC cells by activated hepatic stellate cells is mediated by pseudohypoxia induced via TGM2/VHL/HIF-1a pathway.
Monitoring individual cell-signaling activity using combined metal-clad waveguide and surface-enhanced fluorescence imaging
Authors: Söllradl Thomas , Chabot Kevin , Fröhlich Ulrike , Canva Michael , Charette Paul G. , Grandbois Michel
Published: October 2018

Validation of a combined metal-clad waveguide and surface enhanced fluorescence imaging platform for live cell imaging.
Paper-based Transwell assays: an inexpensive alternative to study cellular invasion
Authors: Kenney Rachael M. , Loeser Adam , Whitman Nathan A. , Lockett Matthew R.
Published: October 2018

A simple, accessible, and modular 3D culture platform for the analysis of cellular invasion through an extracellular matrix.
Tannic acid-loaded mesoporous silica for rapid hemostasis and antibacterial activity
Authors: Wang Chengwei , Zhou Huayi , Niu Haoyi , Ma Xiaoyu , Yuan Yuan , Hong Hua , Liu Changsheng
Published: October 2018

The as-prepared tannic acid (TA)-load mesoporous silica via electrostatic adsorption (TMS) exhibited excellent hemorrhage control by both TA-induced faster blood contact and plasma protein crosslinking, and MS-initiated water absorption, blood components concentration and coagulation factors activation, and good antibacterial properties.
Preparation of cross-linked supramolecular polymers based on benzo-21-crown-7/secondary ammonium salt host–guest interactions
Authors: Li Xing , Wang Li , Deng Yan , Luo Zheng , Zhang Qiao , Dong Shengyi , Han Chengyou
Published: October 2018

Cross-linked supramolecular polymers were prepared by crown ether-based supramolecular complexation.
Tropospheric oxidation of methyl hydrotrioxide (CH3OOOH) by hydroxyl radical
Authors: Anglada Josep M. , Solé Albert
Published: October 2018

Hydroxyl radical abstracts the terminal hydrogen atom of CH3OOOH leading to the formation of CH3O + O2 + H2O (>94% yield), while producing H2CO + HO2 + H2O to a lesser extent.
Independence between friction and velocity distribution in fluids subjected to severe shearing and confinement
Authors: Porras-Vazquez Alejandro , Martinie Laetitia , Vergne Philippe , Fillot Nicolas
Published: October 2018

Lubricated friction at high shear and high enough pressure becomes saturated, independently of the velocity profile in the lubricant thickness.
Aggregation-caused quenching versus crystallization induced emission in thiazolo[5,4-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridine (TTP) derivatives: theoretical insights
Authors: Le Bras Laura , Chaitou Karen , Aloïse Stéphane , Adamo Carlo , Perrier Aurélie
Published: October 2018

Combining adequate theoretical strategies enables rationalization of the different photophysical processes at the origin of the ACQ/CIE effects.
Synthesis, cytotoxic activity and DNA interaction studies of new dinuclear platinum(ii) complexes with an aromatic 1,5-naphthyridine bridging ligand: DNA binding mode of polynuclear platinum(ii) complexes in relation to the complex structure
Authors: Konovalov Bata , Živković Marija D. , Milovanović Jelena Z. , Djordjević Dragana B. , Arsenijević Aleksandar N. , Vasić Ivana R. , Janjić Goran V. , Franich Andjela , Manojlović Dragan , Skrivanj Sandra , Milovanović Marija Z. , Djuran Miloš I. , Rajković Snežana
Published: October 2018

[{Pt(L)Cl}2(μ-1,5-nphe)]2+complexes have been reported.
Complexation of Pu(vi) withN,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-3-oxa-glutar-amide (TMOGA) and related ligands: optical properties and coordination modes
Authors: Xu Lei , Pu Ning , Sun Taoxiang , Li Youzhen , Wei Pingping , Chen Jing , Xu Chao
Published: October 2018

Spectroscopic and theoretical studies on the complexation of Pu(vi) with three CHON ligands shed light on the fundamental chemical behavior of hexavalent actinide in solutions.
Cloud droplet activation of organic–salt mixtures predicted from two model treatments of the droplet surface
Authors: Lin Jack J. , Malila Jussi , Prisle Nønne L.
Published: October 2018

A new monolayer model predicts the bulk-surface partitioning, surface composition, and thickness of droplets comprising chemically unresolved, atmospherically relevant organic aerosols.
An integrated adipose-tissue-on-chip nanoplasmonic biosensing platform for investigating obesity-associated inflammation
Authors: Zhu Jingyi , He Jiacheng , Verano Michael , Brimmo Ayoola T. , Glia Ayoub , Qasaimeh Mohammad A. , Chen Pengyu , Aleman Jose O. , Chen Weiqiang
Published: October 2018

A biomimetic ‘adipose-tissue-on-chip’ integrated with nanoplasmonic biosensors for in situ multiplexed cytokine secretion analysis of obese adipose tissue.
Omics approaches for subcellular translation studies
Authors: Koppel Indrek , Fainzilber Mike
Published: October 2018

Koppel & Fainzilber review translatomics and proteomics methods for studying protein synthesis at subcellular resolution.
Effective chemical potential for non-equilibrium systems and its application to molecular beam epitaxy of Bi2Se3
Authors: Wang Na , West Damien , Duan Wenhui , Zhang S. B.
Published: October 2018

Schematic illustration of cluster/island distribution and the corresponding chemical potentials in three different stages of Bi2Se3 growth.
Construction and comparison of BSA-stabilized functionalized GQD composite fluorescent probes for selective trypsin detection
Authors: Hu Xiao , Liu Yan , Jiang Yinhua , Meng Minjia , Liu Zhanchao , Ni Liang , Wu Weifu
Published: October 2018

BSA-stabilized amino-functionalized GQDs are the best sensors for trypsin with a low limit of detection.
Synthesis, characterisation, crystal structures and biological studies of palladium(ii) complexes containing 5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2,4-dihydro[1,2,4]triazole-3-thione derivatives
Authors: Shanmugapriya A. , Dallemer F. , Prabhakaran R.
Published: October 2018

New structurally different palladium(ii) complexes have been synthesized and characterized and evaluated for their cytotoxic nature against human breast cancer cell line (MCF 7) which showed significant activity.
Integrated and heterostructured cobalt manganese sulfide nanoneedle arrays as advanced electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Peng Hui , Wei Ganggang , Sun Kanjun , Ma Guofu , Feng Enke , Yang Xue , Lei Ziqiang
Published: October 2018

Binder-free cobalt manganese sulfide nanoneedle arrays with porous structures exhibit excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitor application.
Metal-free photocatalytic thiol–ene/thiol–yne reactions
Authors: Kaur Sarbjeet , Zhao Gaoyuan , Busch Evan , Wang Ting
Published: October 2018

We report a metal-free photocatalytic approach to the synthesis of glycoconjugates, highlighting the mild nature of the reaction conditions.
One step conversion of waste polyethylene to Cr3C2 nanorods and Cr2AlC particles under mild conditions
Authors: Wang Liangbiao , Dai Weicheng , Zhang Kailong , Mei Tao , Zhuang Haoyun , Song Shuoshuo , Yang Shu , Zhou Quanfa , Qian Yitai
Published: October 2018

Carbides (Cr3C2 and Cr2AlC) have been synthesized by using waste PE as a carbon source in an autoclave under mild conditions.
Ultrafast synthesis of zeolites: breakthrough, progress and perspective
Authors: Liu Zhendong , Zhu Jie , Wakihara Toru , Okubo Tatsuya
Published: October 2018

An ultrafast route was established to synthesize industrially important zeolites in several minutes, which represents a breakthrough in the field of zeolite synthesis.
Facile construction of hydrogenated azepino[3,2,1-hi]indoles by Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation/[5 + 2] annulation of N-cyanoacetylindolines with sulfoxonium ylides
Authors: Hu Panjie , Zhang Ying , Liu Bingxian , Li Xingwei
Published: October 2018

Rh(iii)-catalyzed regio- and chemoselective [5 + 2] annulation has been realized, leading to efficient construction of seven-membered rings under mild conditions.
Single-step catalytic conversion of furfural to 2-pentanol over bimetallic Co–Cu catalysts
Authors: Seemala Bhogeswararao , Kumar Rajeev , Cai Charles M. , Wyman Charles E. , Christopher Phillip
Published: October 2018

Catalytic conversion of furfural to 2-pentanol over Co–Cu/Al2O3catalysts.
Beyond intercalation based sodium-ion batteries: the role of alloying anodes, efficient sodiation mechanisms and recent progress
Authors: Edison Eldho , Sreejith Sivaramapanicker , Lim Chwee Teck , Madhavi Srinivasan
Published: October 2018

Progress in sodium ion battery (SIB) research and the role of alloying anodes with a focus on efficient sodiation mechanisms and strategies to enhance the battery performance are discussed.
Investigation of the effects of electric fields on the nanostructure of Nafion and its proton conductivity
Authors: Ryu Seungbo , Kim Jae-Hun , Lee Ju-Young , Moon Seung-Hyeon
Published: October 2018

Nafion, the most popular cation exchange membrane, was cast while charged in an electric field to enhance the proton conductivity of the membrane.
Nanocrystalline Ga2O3 films deposited by spray pyrolysis from water-based solutions on glass and TCO substrates
Authors: Winkler Nina , Wibowo Rachmat Adhi , Kautek Wolfgang , Ligorio Giovanni , List-Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Dimopoulos Theodoros
Published: October 2018

High-quality Ga2O3 films are obtained by spray pyrolysis from aqueous solutions through optimization of the solution composition and the spraying process parameters.
The prognostic roles of circulating ALDH1+ tumor cell in the patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tian Shuang , Xing Ya-Nan , Xia Pu
Published: October 2018

Circulating tumor cells can provide important diagnostic and prognostic information of the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a cancer stem cell marker, has been used in various tumors, including NSCLC. In the present study, we isolated the circulating ALDH1+ tumor cells from the NSCLC patients using ALDH1 as a potential marker. Higher percentage of ALDH1+ tumor cells was identified in blood samples from the NSCLC patients compared with normal controls. ALDH1+ cells were correlated with the poor prognosis of these patients by using Kaplan–Meier analysis. In the last, the tumorigenic properties of ALDH1+ tumor cells were determined in vitro and in vivo by using sphere assay and xenograft tumor mouse models. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that ALDH1 could drive the stemness of circulating NSCLC cells. Circulating ALDH1+ cells could be used as a prognostic marker for NSCLC.
Enzyme kinetics from circular dichroism of insulin reveals mechanistic insights into the regulation of insulin-degrading enzyme
Authors: Ivancic Valerie A. , Krasinski Claire A. , Zheng Qiuchen , Meservier Rebecca J. , Spratt Donald E. , Lazo Noel D.
Published: October 2018

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a zinc metalloprotease that selectively degrades biologically important substrates associated with type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As such, IDE is an attractive target for therapeutic innovations. A major requirement is an understanding of how other molecules present in cells regulate the activity of the enzyme toward insulin, IDE’s most important physiologically relevant substrate. Previous kinetic studies of the IDE-dependent degradation of insulin in the presence of potential regulators have used iodinated insulin, a chemical modification that has been shown to alter the biological and biochemical properties of insulin. Here, we present a novel kinetic assay that takes advantage of the loss of helical circular dichroic signals of insulin with IDE-dependent degradation. As proof of concept, the resulting Michaelis–Menten kinetic constants accurately predict the known regulation of IDE by adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Intriguingly, we found that when Mg2+ is present with ATP, the regulation is abolished. The implication of this result for the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies for AD is discussed. We anticipate that the new assay presented here will lead to the identification of other small molecules that regulate the activity of IDE toward insulin.
Dynamic Assessment of Narratives Among Navajo Preschoolers
Authors: Henderson Davis E. , Restrepo Maria Adelaida , Aiken Leona S.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This study examined whether the Predictive Early Assessment of Reading and Language (PEARL), a dynamic assessment of narratives that measures language comprehension and production, accurately classifies Navajo preschoolers with typically developing (TD) language or with language impairment (LI).

Method

Ninety 4- and 5-year-old Navajo preschoolers were identified as having LI or are TD (n= 45 each) via a 5-measure battery: parent report, teacher report, English narrative, independent educational plan, and the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamental Preschool–Second Edition (Wiig, Secord, & Semel, 2004). Children completed a PEARL pretest, a narrative mediation phase providing principles of narrative structure, and a PEARL posttest. A modifiability score reflected responsiveness to mediation.

Results

The PEARL pretest and posttest each distinguished children with LI versus TD children with 89% accuracy; modifiability scores identified children with 100% accuracy. The PEARL story grammar subtest at pretest and posttest best distinguished LI versus TD. A revised cutoff score on the PEARL pretest decreased the diagnosis of TD children as having LI; the standard PEARL posttest cutoff was retained.

Conclusion

The PEARL is a promising assessment for accurately differentiating Navajo preschool children with LI from those with TD language, particularly with a revised pretest cutoff score.
Phase noise mitigation architecture for wireless full‐duplex transceivers
Authors: Quan Xin , Pan Wensheng , Liu Ying , Tang Youxi
Published: October 2018

A novel transceiver architecture is proposed to mitigate the phase noise in the prevailing wireless full‐duplex transceivers. In this architecture, an oscillator module is designed to generate both the transmitter and the receiver oscillator signals from one single oscillator. Particularly, a digitally‐controlled delay module is used to control the delay of the receiver oscillator signal before mixing with the received signal at the down converter. By adjusting the delay value of the receiver oscillator signal, the power of residual self‐interference (SI) after digital SI cancellation can be minimised. Analytical and simulation results show that the digital SI cancellation capability of the proposed architecture can be 18 dB better than that of the conventional architecture of sharing one oscillator for transmitter and receiver.
Low‐profile wideband circularly polarised single‐layer metasurface antenna
Authors: Liang Zhipeng , Ouyang Jun , Yang Feng
Published: October 2018

A novel low‐profile single‐fed circularly polarised single‐layer metasurface antenna for wideband operation is proposed in this Letter. The metasurface antenna consists of nine unit cells arranged in a 3 × 3 layout. Four slits are incorporated into four of them, respectively, to form two orthogonal currents with 90° phase difference; hence, circularly polarised fields are excited. Moreover, a modified L‐type slot is etched on the middle lattice to improve impedance bandwidth and axial ratio performance. The proposed dielectric‐filled (ɛr = 3.5, tan δ = 0.001) antenna with a low profile of 0.038λ0 (λ0 is the working wavelength at 5.7 GHz in free space) achieves about 18.0% measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth. The measured 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of the proposed antenna is about 12.8% (5.35–6.08 GHz) with a broadside gain of more than 6.9 dBi.
Flocking‐based adaptive granular control strategy for autonomous microgrids in emergency situations
Authors: Sabounchi Moein , Wei Jin , Lee Dongchan , Kundur Deepa
Published: October 2018

In this study, the authors study the operation of autonomous microgrids (MGs) in emergency situations such as the presence of large physical disturbances or cyber attacks. Traditional approaches to enhance system‐wide stability, such as automatic generation control, are insufficient for stabilising MGs in some emergency situations due to the correspondingly lower capacity of distributed energy resources. To address this challenge, in this study, they develop an adaptive flocking‐based framework that provides control‐based MG resilience. The contribution of the authors’ work is three‐fold. First, they effectively model the complex and dynamic dependencies amongst MG components by exploiting flocking theory. Second, they propose an adaptive granular control strategy based on the modelled dynamic dependencies. Third, they also explore the role of energy storage systems to facilitate distributed generations in achieving autonomous MG power balance in the presence of disruptions of different natures. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in stabilising MGs in response to physical disturbances and cyber attacks.
Alternative approach for vehicle trajectory reconstruction under spatiotemporal side friction using lopsided network
Authors: Islam Md. Rakibul , Hadiuzzaman Md. , Barua Saurav , Shimu Tahmida Hossain
Published: October 2018

Limitation of probe sensor‐based technique to collect traffic data in the temporal domain tends to combine it with the fixed sensor. This combination technique involves extra equipment installation difficulties when the road segment becomes non‐homogeneous due to traffic operations or lane configurations. Particularly, in developing countries, chaotic traffic pattern and the absence of a fixed sensor in the roadway create the trajectory reconstruction even more challenging. Video‐sensor (also, other fixed‐sensor) based trajectory reconstruction techniques require sensors for each non‐homogeneous road segment and need separate fundamental diagram (FD) to estimate the required traffic parameters. These difficulties can be overcome by using probe sensors. Thus, this research proposes an approach of estimating traffic parameters from probe data considering variable road capacity. Those parameters are used as input to reconstruct the trajectories of all vehicles in the traffic stream (i.e. also non‐probe vehicles, in particular) through the application of a lopsided network. The proposed approach improves the percent root mean square error of estimated travel time by around 38% compared with that which uses traffic parameters obtained from FD with respect to ground‐truth travel time. This approach is very appropriate, economical and reliable, especially where the required number of fixed sensors is unavailable.
Ultra‐step‐up dc–dc converter with low‐voltage stress on devices
Authors: Jalilzadeh Tohid , Rostami Naghi , Babaei Ebrahim , Maalandish Mohammad
Published: October 2018

This study suggests a novel ultra‐step‐up dc–dc converter with low normalised voltage stress across the power devices. The proposed converter incorporates the conventional boost converter with a self‐lift circuit and charge pump concept and utilises a voltage multiplier cell at the output side. In the input side, two inductors are magnetised during the switch on‐time. During the switch off‐time, the stored energy in these inductors, charge pump capacitor and input source, is delivered to the load. Accordingly, the proposed converter is capable of providing high voltage gains with a small duty cycle. Besides, the voltage stress across the power devices is low. Therefore, the MOSFET switch with low RDS‐on and devices with reduced nominal voltage can be used which in turn reduces the conduction and turn‐on losses. The analysis of the voltage and current stresses is accomplished. The circuit performance is compared with other solutions in the literature in terms of voltage gain and normalised voltage stress of the semiconductors. Eventually, to validate the theoretical analysis, the experimental results are given.
Sample entropy‐based fault detection for photovoltaic arrays
Authors: Khoshnami Aria , Sadeghkhani Iman
Published: October 2018

Despite the growing deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems, they are still facing challenges in developing the proper control and protection schemes. One of the main protection challenges of PV arrays is their low fault currents under low‐irradiance, low‐mismatch, and high‐impedance faults. In addition to these conditions, the operation of the maximum power point tracking algorithm may lead to the faults within the PV array remain undetected, resulting in potential fire hazards and power loss. This study presents a fault detection scheme based on monitoring the output power of the PV array. Using the sample entropy‐based complexity, the irregularity of the time series of the normalised fault‐imposed component of PV power is quantified as the fault detection criterion. The proposed protection scheme is capable of distinguishing the line‐to‐line, line‐to‐ground, and open‐circuit faults from the weather disturbances and partial shadings. Also, it does not require the training dataset and the prior information about the PV array and is effective for both grid‐connected and islanded PV systems. Extensive time‐domain simulation results demonstrate high accuracy of the proposed fault detection scheme.
Dynamic motion characteristics of a spherical copper particle in the break of SF6 HVDCCB
Authors: Sima Wenxia , Shao Qianqiu , Sun Potao , Yang Ming , Xu Hang , Yin Ze
Published: October 2018

The development of high‐voltage direct current circuit breaker (HVDCCB) has progressed rapidly. One of the major reasons for the failure of a circuit breaker is the metallic particle contamination. An enhanced mathematical model is proposed to simulate the motion dynamics of a spherical copper particle in the break of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) HVDCCB. By linking COMSOL and MATLAB, the interaction between particle motion and electric field distribution and plastic random movement in the collision process is considered. The effects of voltage magnitude and particle size on the particle motion are discussed. By means of statistical methods, the obtained findings show that, as voltage magnitude decreases or particle size increases, the particle–anode collision frequency decreases, and the particle–anode collision region increases in the x‐direction but decreases in the y‐direction. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by experimental observations via high‐speed video camera.
Rational fabrication of chitosan/alginate/silica ternary aerogel beads adsorbent with free separation
Authors: Wei Wei , Hu Huihui , Yin Sijia , Li Yanxiao , Ji Xuelin , Xie Jimin
Published: October 2018

Novel chitosan/alginate/silica ternary aerogel beads were successfully prepared by the orifice‐coagulation bath with the ambient pressure drying method and utilising chitosan, sodium alginate, and tetraethoxysilane as the initial raw materials. The morphologies, porosity characteristics, and dye absorbencies of the ternary aerogel beads were also investigated, respectively. The obtained samples are milky light solid, the size of the spherical aerogel is uniform, its diameter can be controlled ∼5 mm, the specific surface area is 169.4 m2 g−1, pore size distribution is concentrated in the 2–100 nm, which is a typical nanofilamentous network structure. Meanwhile, the ternary beads were tested for dyestuffs adsorption; the results showed that the obtained samples exhibit excellent adsorption properties, and can keep good sphericity as a class of novel adsorbents.
Impact of metallicity and star formation rate on the time-dependent, galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function
Authors: Jeřábková T. , Hasani Zonoozi A. , Kroupa P. , Beccari G. , Yan Z. , Vazdekis A. , Zhang Z.-Y.
Published: October 2018

The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is commonly assumed to be an invariant probability density distribution function of initial stellar masses. These initial stellar masses are generally represented by the canonical IMF, which is defined as the result of one star formation event in an embedded cluster. As a consequence, the galaxy-wide IMF (gwIMF) should also be invariant and of the same form as the canonical IMF; gwIMF is defined as the sum of the IMFs of all star-forming regions in which embedded clusters form and spawn the galactic field population of the galaxy. Recent observational and theoretical results challenge the hypothesis that the gwIMF is invariant. In order to study the possible reasons for this variation, it is useful to relate the observed IMF to the gwIMF. Starting with the IMF determined in resolved star clusters, we apply the IGIMF-theory to calculate a comprehensive grid of gwIMF models for metallicities, [Fe/H] ∈ (−3, 1), and galaxy-wide star formation rates (SFRs), SFR ∈ (10−5, 105) M⊙ yr−1. For a galaxy with metallicity [Fe/H] < 0 and SFR > 1 M⊙ yr−1, which is a common condition in the early Universe, we find that the gwIMF is both bottom light (relatively fewer low-mass stars) and top heavy (more massive stars), when compared to the canonical IMF. For a SFR < 1 M⊙ yr−1 the gwIMF becomes top light regardless of the metallicity. For metallicities [Fe/H] > 0 the gwIMF can become bottom heavy regardless of the SFR. The IGIMF models predict that massive elliptical galaxies should have formed with a gwIMF that is top heavy within the first few hundred Myr of the life of the galaxy and that it evolves into a bottom heavy gwIMF in the metal-enriched galactic centre. Using the gwIMF grids, we study the SFR−Hα relation and its dependency on metallicity and the SFR. We also study the correction factors to the Kennicutt SFRK − Hα relation and provide new fitting functions. Late-type dwarf galaxies show significantly higher SFRs with respect to Kennicutt SFRs, while star-forming massive galaxies have significantly lower SFRs than hitherto thought. This has implications for gas-consumption timescales and for the main sequence of galaxies. We explicitly discuss Leo P and ultra-faint dwarf galaxies.
Assessing the impacts of several algae-based diets on cultured European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata)
Authors: Basuyaux Olivier , Blin Jean-Louis , Costil Katherine , Richard Olivier , Lebel Jean-Marc , Serpentini Antoine
Published: October 2018

The effects of different algal diets on the mortality, apparent ingestion, weight, length and conversion rates of the European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) maintained in a semi-closed seawater system throughout the year were compared. Various combinations of red algae (Palmaria palmata, Ceramium rubrum and Chondrus crispus cultured or harvested from the natural environment, as well as Porphyra spp. collected), brown algae (Laminaria digitata) and green algae (fresh or frozen Ulva intestinalis) were tested. The results showed that P. palmata, C. rubrum and U. intestinalis administered alone were associated with significantly higher weight growth rates than the other species of algae tested. However, some combinations of algae (i.e. different proportions of L. digitata in association with P. palmata) were more favorable for weight increase when compared with the expected rates calculated for the diet based on L. digitata alone. Limiting the amount of any of these foods substantially reduced the conversion rate. Seasonal trends were apparent in both weight increase and food conversion rates, with the result that growth in weight on a diet of L. digitata was fastest in summer. Growth on P. palmata was faster in each season, and reached a maximum in early spring. The data collected allowed us to model weight increase and month-to-month food conversion rates for a diet based on P. palmata and L. digitata. The data obtained in this study were coupled with data regarding the availability of algae during the year, enabling us to suggest an optimal diet for each of the four seasons. Finally, the effects of different algae diets were investigated on hemocyte parameters, and the result suggested that P. palmata would reinforce the immune system of abalone.
Randomized algorithm of invariant zeros evaluation of electrical power system, defined in descriptor form
Authors: Gadzhiev Magomed , Misrikhanov Misrikhan , Ryabchenko Vladimir , Vasilenko Nikita
Published: October 2018

A randomized algorithm for computing the invariant zeros of the electric energy system as a dynamical system with many inputs and many outputs (MIMO system), specified in the descriptor form, is proposed. Definitions of invariant zeros are carried out by randomizing the original MIMO system and it reduces to a generalized eigenvalue problem for a numerical matrix. The application of the algorithm is illustrated by the example of calculating the invariant zeros of the linear model of the United Power System.
Enhancing reliability of power supply systems with distributed generation plants
Authors: Yuri Bulatov , Andrey Kryukov
Published: October 2018

The article present results of studies aimed at emergency control methods development in power supply systems equipped with distributed generation plants. The main purpose of emergency control is ensuring postemergency mode dead-beat stability and high quality of dynamic transitions for electrical network load-shedding. Control actions were formed by changing the vector of controlled parameters along a path corresponding to the shortest distance to the hypersurface of the limit modes. The dynamic processes quality when implementing the control actions was ensured based on the special settings of excitation and frequency automatic regulators. Based on computer-aided modelling, it is shown that the effective in-troduction of a postemergency mode to the stability region can be performed based on generalized equations of the limit loads while using the start algorithm ensuring mode’s entering the stability region’s neighboring boundary. The application of the fuzzy control algorithms for tuning regulators allows formation of a qualitative dynamic transition while load-shedding distributed generation plants in the postemergency mode.
The substantiation of regulatory requirements to the reliability of consumer support in the conditions of the perspective planning of the UPS of Russia
Authors: Chukreyev Yuri , Chukreyev Mikhail , Stepskov Alexey
Published: October 2018

The issues of the influence of the information content of the balance reliability problem on the decisions taken to justify the operational power reserve of the UPS of Russia are considered. The calculated indicators of adequacy are presented with different representation of the power consumption and generating capacity for the conditions of the optimal distribution of the power reserve.
Corporate Governance in Russian electric power industry in terms of consumer requirements to its funding sources
Authors: Sheveleva G.I.
Published: October 2018

The paper highlights a strong interest of energy consumers in attracting investment in the development of Russian power generation companies. The importance of corporate governance for enhancing the investment attractiveness of these companies is emphasized. An in-depth evaluation of their current corporate practices was carried out within the framework of the existing ownership structure. The study identified the indicators of corporate governance quality for the benefit of modern investors that are the least observed by the overwhelming majority of power companies. The indicators were obtained on the basis of whether or not the companies satisfy the criteria of the new Russian Corporate Governance Code, and the criteria of the methodologies of Standard & Poor’s, Spencer Stuart and Transparency International. The study shows a slight increase in the transparency of the companies in the post-reform period and compares it with the information disclosure by the major corporations of Great Britain, the USA and Europe. The study shows high correlation of the approach and composition of the identified indicators of the corporate governance quality for Russian power generation companies with the 2017 Russian Corporate Governance Index. This Index is based on the international Good Governance Index methodology adapted to the Russian conditions.
Reliability and service in the power industry
Authors: Zhilkina Yulia , Vodennikov Dmitry
Published: October 2018

Development of scientific and technical progress, introduction of new technologies promotes specialization and isolation of the highly professional service markets in economy. In power industry this market is the most natural object of development of the market relations. Nevertheless, today service structures carry out mainly internal orders on repair of the equipment of the power enterprises in the status of affiliated dependent or indirectly affiliated organizations. The principles of formation and transition to service considering a current state of power industry the main requirements imposed to service activity, her potential and providing balance of interests of market subjects are developed (commercial, reliability and energy efficiency). The main models of the organization of service are proved and recorded. The realized models of service will allow reaching a positive effect.
Optimization of the power supply system for connection of the end user to electric grids according to the scheme of the third category of reliability
Authors: Bandurin Ivan , Khaimin Alexey
Published: October 2018

The article first developed a mathematical model of optimization of the power supply system for connection of the end user to electric grids according to the scheme of the third category of reliability. The mathematical model allows to choose the optimal type and brand power system equipment.
Estimating the effect of equipment reliability indices, schedules, and regular overhaul scopes on reliability and efficiency of combined heat and power plants
Authors: Stepanova Elena , Maksimov Alexey
Published: October 2018

We have developed a technique and a programming-computing suite (PCS) to estimate the effect of equipment reliability indices, schedules, and regular overhaul scopes on reliability and efficiency of combined heat and power plants (CHPPs). We describe the approach to predict heat and electric loads for the investigated CHPP operation period, taking into account the features of the power cogeneration. We performed optimization studies of two operation periods (different in overhaul resources) for an industrial-heating CHPP.
Minimizing the number of remotely controlled switches when the planning the reconfiguration of a primary distribution network
Authors: Golub Irina , Voitov Oleg , Boloev Evgeny , Semenova Lyudmila
Published: October 2018

The work shows the possibility to select the permanent configuration of a primary distribution network at which power losses during a week with maximum load and during a week with minimum load the power losses would be close to losses at optimum hourly reconfiguration. Data on the mix of loop branches obtained during the reconfiguration algorithm operation is used for selecting the tie-switches that allow both the regime restoration after emergency opening of a sectionalized switch, and acceleration of this process, especially if the tie-switch is remotely-controlled. The IEEE 33-node test systems are used to demonstrate the proposed algorithms.