bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcutaneous sacral neuromodulation for pelvic pain and non‐relaxing pelvic floor: Findings from a pilot study
Authors: Terzoni Stefano , Mora Cristina , Sighinolfi Maria Chiara , Gaia Giorgia , Pinna Barbara , Rocco Bernardo , Destrebecq Anne
Published: February 2023

We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability by patients of transcutaneous sacral roots neuromodulation (TSRN) by paravertebral placement of surface electrodes to treat pelvic pain and pelvic muscle stiffness. Pelvic pain is a disabling condition, often related to non‐relaxing pelvic muscles. Causes for the onset are often unclear; noninvasive treatment targeted at maintenance factors can be administered by nurses in some countries. previous studies have investigated the role of invasive stimulation for pelvic pain; TSRN has proved successful in other pelvic disorders. We conducted a pilot study on a sample of consecutive patients of both genders, reporting pelvic pain (chronic or not). Weekly sessions of TSRN with surface electrodes were performed; pain was recorded with the numeric rating scale (NRS) at baseline and after the end of the rehabilitation plan. Therapeutic success was defined as a reduction of 50% in pain scores. Twenty patients were enrolled, most complaining multiple symptoms apart from pain. Seven males had primary prostate pain syndrome, one had history of orthopaedic surgery, and eight had muscle stiffness (Median = 3 out of 4, IQR = [3;3], range [2;4]). Sixteen patients (12 males and 4 females) had chronic pelvic pain. The median NRS values in the sample at baseline was 4[5.5–7.5] with no significant differences between genders (p = 0.144) and decreased significantly (Me = 0.5, IQR[0.0–1.0], p < 0.001) after a median of 20 weekly sessions (range [10–30]). The results indicated clinically relevant benefit for all patients (ω2 = 0.689, 95%IC[0.505–0.793]) Decrease in pelvic muscle stiffness was significant (from Me = 3, IQR [3] to Me = 0, IQR[0–1], p < 0.0001) without differences between the genders (p = 0.711). No significant difference was found in the number of sessions required by males and females to achieve therapeutic success (p = 0.282). TSRN seems a promising treatment for pelvic pain and can be performed in outpatients' clinics with low costs and no invasivity. Further studies on larger, randomized samples are required to confirm these results.
Political uncertainty and investments by private and state‐owned enterprises
Authors: Chaudhry Neeru , Veld Chris
Published: February 2023

We study corporate investments around national elections in India. Investment rates drop by a nonsignificant 2.2% for state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) in election years. The decrease is significantly larger for private firms, which record an investment drop of 7.4%. The decrease in investment for private firms is likely attributable to political uncertainty. SOEs balance political uncertainty with the desire to woo voters who want government investments. Investments in election years are perceived positively for both private firms and for SOEs. Increased investment by SOEs and reduction in investment by private firms during election years are associated with improved investment efficiency.
Promoting empowerment and self‐care in older women through participatory action research: Analysis of the process of change
Authors: Ros‐Sanchez Tania , Lidon‐Cerezuela Maria Beatriz , Lopez‐Benavente Yolanda , Abad‐Corpa Eva
Published: February 2023

Aim

To generate and understand the process of change in the empowerment of women from 60 to 80 years old through a Participatory Action Research. Specific aim: To analyse the women participants' experiences concerning empowerment and self‐care.

Design

We use the Participatory Action Research approach (in its critical option) in the Socio‐critical Paradigm and applying the Kemmis and McTaggart Model.

Methods

A group of 10 women participants from 60 to 80 years old was created and developed the Participatory Action Research from June 2019 to May 2020. This group was involved in 22 group sessions, individual interviews, reflective diaries and triangulation with quantitative data.

Results

Findings were interpreted based on the Gestalt Self Theory. Women generated changes in their empowerment based on three characteristics (self‐determination, self‐esteem and self‐confidence) and, consequently, in their self‐care. They did so according to two distinct patterns of behaviour: Leader women and follower women. The former took the lead in transforming their realities and the latter observed them and evolved in a slower and more reflective manner. These changes had an impact on the most individual level (inner world) and went beyond that barrier, modifying in turn their immediate surroundings and the social level (outer world).

Conclusions

The group of older women began to consider their needs and consider themselves as important once they worked on their self‐determination, self‐esteem and self‐confidence; we show these are key aspects to work on their empowerment and promote their self‐care.

Impact

The patterns of behaviour and dimensions of empowerment detected may help in future research designs and emancipatory community interventions in this population group.
Something old, something new – can adding genomic data to family studies advance our understanding of the impact of nature and nurture on mental health? Commentary on McAdams et al. (2023)
Authors: Wertz Jasmin , Lewis Stephanie J.
Published: February 2023

In their annual research review, McAdams, Cheesman, and Ahmadzadeh (2023) provide a thorough overview of how the use of novel genetically informative approaches can increase our knowledge about the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology. Many JCPP readers will already be familiar with genetically sensitive family‐based designs, such as twin and adoption studies, as well as with newer molecular‐genetic approaches, such as polygenic‐score studies. McAdams et al.'s (2023) review discusses the innovative combination of family‐based and molecular‐genetic methods, and what this combination can reveal about developmental psychopathology.
A new species of the hagfish genus Eptatretus (Myxinidae) from the Bahamas, western North Atlantic
Authors: Fernholm Bo , Mincarone Michael Maia
Published: February 2023

A new species of the hagfish genus Eptatretus (Myxinidae) is described based on two specimens (407–433 mm total length) collected off the northern Bahamas, between depths of 910 and 1153 m. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by having seven pairs of gill apertures well‐spaced and arranged in a near straight line, a 3/2 multicusp pattern of teeth, 10–11 anterior unicusps, 50–51 total cusps, 12–14 prebranchial pores, 48–52 trunk pores, 79–84 total pores, and no nasal‐sinus papillae. An identification key for the species of Eptatretus from the western Atlantic Ocean is also provided.
Reproductive phenology and behaviour of endangered redside dace (Clinostomus elongatus) in urban streams
Authors: Watt Ashley M. , Drake D. Andrew R. , Lawrie David , Pitcher Trevor E.
Published: February 2023

Investigation of the reproductive phenology and spawning behaviour of imperilled species in relation to environmental variability is needed to understand a critical component of species life history. In this study, we used redside dace (Clinostomus elongatus), a freshwater leuciscid listed as Endangered under Canada's Species at Risk Act, to model spawning phenology and make predictions about spawning initiation using historical and climate change projected thermal cues (measured as cumulative growing degree days), and provide an ethological description of spawning behaviour. Logistic regression models applied to 4 years of average daily stream water temperature data and field behavioural observations of the onset of spawning activity indicated a 50% probability of spawning initiation when cumulative growing degree days reached 214°C days and a 95% probability of spawning initiation at 288°C days. Using two climate change scenarios (i.e., a mid‐century 1.6°C increase and an end of century 3.6°C increase), spawning initiation was predicted to advance 3 days by the year 2050 and 7 days by the year 2100. Underwater video cameras placed at two sites within an urban stream captured 73 unique spawning events revealing that redside dace spawn in pairs as well as in dense, tightly packed groups (more than 20 individuals). Moreover, there is evidence of redside dace having a polygynandrous mating system, as female redside dace spawned with multiple males in 45.2% of the total spawning events recorded. Taken together, this study provides important insights into redside dace spawning initiation and behaviour, key life‐history traits having conservation implications for future reproductive success and, ultimately, population dynamics.
Decision‐making about dialysis: Beyond just dialysis or death
Authors: Liu Christine Kee , Taffel Leah , Russell Matthew , Wong Susan P. Y. , Russell Howard , Vig Elizabeth K.
Published: February 2023

Nearly half of the persons receiving dialysis in the United States are aged 65 years or older. Kidney failure occurs most frequently in older adults, and typically triggers a discussion regarding dialysis treatment. In this Special Article, we describe the journey of Mr. Howard Russell, an older adult who experienced kidney failure and underwent dialysis. Using the experience of Mr. Russell, we illustrate the complexity of dialysis decision‐making, including how disease trajectory and health policy can potentially impede older adults from achieving “what matters.” Our intent is to provide guidance regarding these barriers and support to clinicians who are sharing similar journeys with older adults making decisions about dialysis. Based on Mr. Russell's journey, we suggest that when discussing dialysis with an older adult, four points be considered: (1) recognize if dialysis is needed long‐term; (2) understand what matters for the older adult; (3) sync the treatment plan when what matters changes; and (4) set up with resources for kidney failure, which is limited but evolving.
Relationship of occlusal status with health‐related quality of life among older adults in long‐term care facilities
Authors: Zorawna Martyna , Mäntylä Päivi , Pitkälä Kaisu , Suominen Merja H. , Kautiainen Hannu , Saarela Riitta K. T. , Hiltunen Kaija
Published: February 2023

Background

Loss of teeth is common among residents in long‐term care facilities (LTCF). To maintain occlusal support, lost teeth may be replaced with removable dentures.

Objectives

The relationship of occlusal status with health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) was evaluated.

Methods

A cross‐sectional FINORAL study (FINnish ORAL Health Studies in older adults), including comprehensive geriatric assessment, was performed in LTCF. Demographic and medical information was retrieved from medical records. HRQoL was assessed with the 15D instrument and nutritional status with Mini‐Nutritional Assessment (MNA). A standardised questionnaire filled in by trained nurses collected information on need for assistance in personal care or mobility, eating, and food consistency and swallowing difficulties. Clinical oral examination focusing on occlusal status was conducted for 338 residents. Four study groups (Gr) were established: Gr1 ≥ 10 natural teeth occlusal contact units (CU) (N = 51), Gr2 < 10 natural teeth CU (N = 87), Gr3 having CU of removable denture/s with or without natural teeth (N = 89), and Gr4 no CU (N = 111).

Results

15D index score (adjusted for age, sex, MNA, and Charlson comorbidity index) showed higher HRQoL in Gr1 and Gr3; Gr1 participants had significantly higher crude values in mobility and Gr3 participants in eating, speech, and mental function than the other groups. Differences were present between the study groups in nutritional status, swallowing difficulties, and need for assistance in eating and mobility.

Conclusion

Occlusal status of partial or complete denture/s with or without natural teeth or natural teeth having 10 or more occlusal CU was associated with higher HRQoL than other statuses.
The development of a lexicon for Jinhua dry‐cured ham and its application to discriminate samples using descriptive analysis and check‐all‐that‐apply
Authors: Wang Mengni , Di Ruijun , Yu Yashu , Blank Imre , Zhang Yin , Chen Yan Ping , Liu Yuan
Published: February 2023

Jinhua dry‐cured ham (JDH) is a traditional Chinese food with a unique flavor. Its sensory profiles have not been studied using a developed lexicon. In this study, a lexicon to profile sensory characterization of JDHs was developed to characterize samples starting from smelling, during oral processing, and after swallowing. Then the lexicon was composed to profile JDHs using descriptive analysis (DA) and check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine DA data, and correspondence analysis (CA) was used to examine CATA data. The DA data from trained panelists and CATA data from naive consumers were compared by multiple factor analysis (MFA). The result showed a total of 33 attributes composed of the lexicon to describe JDHs including seven terms for odor, six terms for texture, seven terms for flavor, four terms for taste, and nine terms for aftertaste. The application of the lexicon to describe JDHs using DA and CATA showed good discrimination among samples. The comparison between DA and CATA using MFA showed attributes with distinct intensity or significant variances among tested samples located closely on the map, but attributes with weak intensity could varied largely on the map. This lexicon can be useful for manufacturers, producers, and consumers and helpful for the standardization of JDHs.

Practical Applications

The development of a sensory lexicon for JDH can be helpful for the breeding of pigs, and the production of JDH with desired characteristics. It also assists manufacturers in differentiating products, optimizing processes, and developing new products with a consistent and expected JDH. The development of a lexicon will help both the trained panelists and consumers to fill knowledge gaps in JDH research from a sensory and consumer point of view. Such data are critical in sensory studies for conducting JDHs from different regions and countries in the future.
Living with obesity is related to peer problems in children: A national cross‐sectional study
Authors: Beynon Claire
Published: February 2023

Aim

To assess the association between obesity and problems in peer relations in children (4–15 years) in a large (n = 11 279), nationally representative data set.

Methods

The chi‐square test was used to compare differences in numbers of children with and without obesity and with and without abnormal peer problem scores. Then multivariable logistic regression was used to determine any association between obesity and peer problems after accounting for deprivation and life‐style factors.

Results

The results of the chi‐square test were statistically significant (P < 0.05) for all groups except older girls. The multivariable logistic regression identified a small but significant association between children living with obesity and abnormal peer problems, odds ratio (OR) 1.06 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.04–1.08,P = 0.001). When explored by subsets of children using sex and age, this association was strongest for girls aged 4–10 years, OR 1.12 (95% CI: 1.07–1.16,P = 0.001).

Conclusion

This is the first nationally representative study of children to identify this association in younger children. Whilst further research is needed to corroborate this finding, as a precautionary measure solutions to improve peer relationships and reduce stigma for school‐aged children living with obesity are indicated.
Multi‐scale dough adhesion analysis: Relation between laboratory scale, pilot scale and human sensory
Authors: Vogt Ulrike Therese , Kwak Ju Eun , Fahmy Ahmed Raouf , Laukemper Rita , Henrich Alexander , Becker Thomas , Jekle Mario
Published: February 2023

Undesired dough adhesion is still a challenge during the production of baked goods. There are various methods for determining the adhesive texture properties of dough. In the majority of scientific papers, dough stickiness is measured analytically by the force‐distance recording of dough detachment. In this study, we describe a new multi‐scale approach to compare dough adhesion phenomena in a laboratory, pilot sale and human sensory assessment. In it, the adhesive material properties of dough were investigated using a pilot scale toppling device representing dough adhesion behavior in the production process, in the laboratory by texture analysis with the Chen–Hoseney method and furthermore with a new, implemented non‐oral human sensory analysis. To simulate different dough adhesion behavior, the dough mechanical and adhesion properties were varied by applying dough‐modifying enzymes and different dough storage times. The structural changes in the different wheat dough system were compared by rheological characterization. By characterizing the different adhesion phenomena of the doughs, the sample with bacterial xylanase showed the highest values after 80 min of storage time in all three methods. Correlation analysis revealed a strong relationship between the detachment time (pilot scale) and human sensory assessment attributes (Force R = 0.81, Time R = 0.87, Distance R = 0.92, Stickiness R = 0.80) after 80 min of storage time. Even though human sensory assessment showed limits in the detectability of differences in dough adhesion behavior compared to the Chen–Hoseney method, it was better suited to predict machinability.
Patients and nursing‐related factors associated with switching from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Perez‐Moran Diana , García‐Cortés Luis R. , Doubova Svetlana V.
Published: February 2023

The study aimed at analyzing patients and nursing‐related factors associated with switching from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis. A telephone survey with 574 patients receiving care at six peritoneal dialysis centers of the Mexican Institute of Social Security was conducted: 64.3% were on peritoneal dialysis, and 35.7% had transitioned from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis. Data were collected on participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, peritoneal dialysis center size, and nursing workload. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple Poisson regression analyses were performed. Factors associated with an increased probability of switching from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis were a history of catheter dysfunction, peritonitis, and being treated in a large peritoneal dialysis center with a low (<50 patients per nurse per month) or high nursing workload (>70 patients per nurse per month) located in the State of Mexico, compared to a medium‐size peritoneal dialysis center with a moderate workload (50–70 patients per nurse per month). To decrease the odds of switching from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis, improvement programs should aim to limit nurses' workload to 50–70 patients per nurse per month and implement evidence‐based nursing interventions to prevent, detect, and manage peritonitis and peritoneal catheter dysfunction.
Improved delivery of rate‐adaptive pacing using an impedance‐derived contractility sensor in high‐intensity exercise: A case report
Authors: Procter William Thomas Christopher , Elliott James , Butt Abdul H , Monkhouse Christopher , Bhuva Anish N. , Moore Philip
Published: February 2023

Effective rate‐adaptive pacing may be difficult in the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF), and is important during high‐intensity exercise. This case presents a 74‐year‐old elite cyclist with AF and a biventricular pacemaker after atrioventricular (AV) node ablation. He reported sudden breathlessness due to heart rate drops, caused by breaching the artefact threshold on the minute‐ventilation sensor. He was exchanged to a generator with an impedance‐derived contractility sensor (closed‐loop stimulation), resulting in resolution of symptoms, and no further rate drops. This is the first description of the utility of closed‐loop stimulation in high‐intensity exercise.
A severe complication of J‐tip guide wire during catheterization: A case report and discussion
Authors: Lu Zhihong , Song Junfeng , He Yongchun , Huang Guoping , Fu Songling , Zhang Qing , Yu Jiangen , Gao Qiang
Published: February 2023

J‐tip guide wire entrapment within the heart is a serious and dangerous complication that is rarely mentioned. We present a case in which the J‐tip guide wire was entrapped in the right atrium during tunneled cuffed venous catheterization. We were unable to remove the guide wire using previously reported methods and concluded with surgery. Owing to the special structure of the guide wire itself, a safe removal process needs to be discussed. Patient consent for publication was obtained prior to the submission of the manuscript.
Is the Decision Not to Use Contraception an Indicator of Reproductive Agency?
Authors: Fabic Madeleine Short , McDougal Lotus , Raj Anita , Jadhav Apoorva
Published: February 2023

Women's engagement in the decision to use contraception, an indicator captured in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), is frequently used to assess women's reproductive agency. In 2014, DHS added a corollary question to the women's questionnaire on decision‐making not to use contraception. Study authors hypothesize that women's engagement in decision‐making not to use contraception is also indicative of reproductive agency. Analyzing DHS microdata from 30 countries collected between 2015 and 2020 (n = 292,141), this country‐level study examines data quality in terms of missingness of data (t‐tests), indicator utility in terms of response pattern variability (descriptive statistics), and construct validity in terms of associations between engagement in the decision not to use contraception and engagement in household decision‐making (multivariable linear regression). Findings indicate the measure is of good quality, provides nuanced insight, and has construct validity. Importantly, the new measure deepens our understanding of women's reproductive agency.
Factors affecting central macular thickness of diabetic macular oedema patients after an induction treatment of intravitreal ranibizumab
Authors: Nursyafiqah Md Tahir , Siti‐Azrin Ab Hamid , Yaacob Najib Majdi , Wan‐Nor‐Asyikeen Wan‐Adnan , Zunaina Embong
Published: February 2023

Objective

Intravitreal ranibizumab is one of the anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors used for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema, not always successfully. We aimed to identify the factors affecting the changes of central macular thickness after induction treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab, to predict the treatment effect and facilitate early treatment decisions.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study involving a retrospective record review of diabetic macular oedema patients who received an induction treatment of three monthly 0.5 mg intravitreal ranibizumab injections between 2016 and 2019. Central macular thickness was measured at baseline and 3 months post‐treatment. Linear regression was applied to identify the factors associated with the changes of central macular thickness.

Results

A total of 153 diabetic macular oedema patients were involved in this study. Their mean age was 57.5 ± 7.7 years, 54.9% were female. The mean change of central macular thickness from baseline to 3 months after completed induction treatment of intravitreal ranibizumab was 155.5 ± 137.8 μm. Factors significantly associated with changes of central macular thickness were baseline central macular thickness [b = 0.73; 95% (CI): 0.63, 0.84; p = <0.001] and presence of subretinal fluid [b = 35.43; 95% CI: 3.70, 67.16; p = 0.029].

Conclusion

Thicker baseline central macular thickness and presence of subretinal fluid were the factors significantly associated with greater changes of central macular thickness in diabetic macular oedema patients after receiving three injections of intravitreal ranibizumab.
On the Brauer group of a generic Godeaux surface
Authors: Alexandrou Theodosis
Published: February 2023

Let be a Godeaux surface and be its universal cover. We show that the pullback map is injective if . Our arguments rely on a degeneration technique that also applies to other examples.
Microphysiological model of PIK3CA-driven vascular malformations reveals a role of dysregulated Rac1 and mTORC1/2 in lesion formation
Authors: Aw Wen Yih , Cho Crescentia , Wang Hao , Cooper Anne Hope , Doherty Elizabeth L. , Rocco David , Huang Stephanie A. , Kubik Sarah , Whitworth Chloe P. , Armstrong Ryan , Hickey Anthony J. , Griffith Boyce , Kutys Matthew L. , Blatt Julie , Polacheck William J.
Published: February 2023

Somatic activating mutations ofPIK3CAare associated with development of vascular malformations (VMs). Here, we describe a microfluidic model ofPIK3CA-driven VMs consisting of human umbilical vein endothelial cells expressingPIK3CAactivating mutations embedded in three-dimensional hydrogels. We observed enlarged, irregular vessel phenotypes and the formation of cyst-like structures consistent with clinical signatures and not previously observed in cell culture models. Pathologic morphologies occurred concomitant with up-regulation of Rac1/p21-activated kinase (PAK), mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (MEK/ERK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1/2) signaling networks. We observed differential effects between alpelisib, a PIK3CA inhibitor, and rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, in mitigating matrix degradation and network topology. While both were effective in preventing vessel enlargement, rapamycin failed to reduce MEK/ERK and mTORC2 activity and resulted in hyperbranching, while inhibiting PAK, MEK1/2, and mTORC1/2 mitigates abnormal growth and vascular dilation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate an in vitro platform for VMs and establish a role of dysregulated Rac1/PAK and mTORC1/2 signaling inPIK3CA-driven VMs.
Exoskeletons need to react faster than physiological responses to improve standing balance
Authors: Beck Owen N. , Shepherd Max K. , Rastogi Rish , Martino Giovanni , Ting Lena H. , Sawicki Gregory S.
Published: February 2023

Maintaining balance throughout daily activities is challenging because of the unstable nature of the human body. For instance, a person’s delayed reaction times limit their ability to restore balance after disturbances. Wearable exoskeletons have the potential to enhance user balance after a disturbance by reacting faster than physiologically possible. However, “artificially fast” balance-correcting exoskeleton torque may interfere with the user’s ensuing physiological responses, consequently hindering the overall reactive balance response. Here, we show that exoskeletons need to react faster than physiological responses to improve standing balance after postural perturbations. Delivering ankle exoskeleton torque before the onset of physiological reactive joint moments improved standing balance by 9%, whereas delaying torque onset to coincide with that of physiological reactive ankle moments did not. In addition, artificially fast exoskeleton torque disrupted the ankle mechanics that generate initial local sensory feedback, but the initial reactive soleus muscle activity was only reduced by 18% versus baseline. More variance of the initial reactive soleus muscle activity was accounted for using delayed and scaled whole-body mechanics [specifically center of mass (CoM) velocity] versus local ankle—or soleus fascicle—mechanics, supporting the notion that reactive muscle activity is commanded to achieve task-level goals, such as maintaining balance. Together, to elicit symbiotic human-exoskeleton balance control, device torque may need to be informed by mechanical estimates of global sensory feedback, such as CoM kinematics, that precede physiological responses.
IRAK4 inhibition dampens pathogenic processes driving inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Lavazais Stéphanie , Jargosch Manja , Dupont Sonia , Labéguère Frédéric , Menet Christel , Jagerschmidt Catherine , Ohm Frenz , Kupcsik Laszlo , Parent Isabelle , Cottereaux Céline , Marsais Florence , Oste Line , Van de Water An , Christophe Thierry , De Vos Steve , Fallon Padraic , Lauffer Felix , Clément-Lacroix Philippe , Eyerich Kilian , Brys Reginald
Published: February 2023

Innate immunity not only shapes the way epithelial barriers interpret environmental cues but also drives adaptive responses. Therefore, modulators of innate immune responses are expected to have high therapeutic potential across immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. IRAK4 is a kinase that integrates signaling downstream of receptors acting at the interface between innate and adaptive immune responses, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), interleukin-1R (IL-1R), and IL-18R. Because effects of IRAK4 inhibition are stimulus, cell type, and species dependent, the evaluation of the therapeutic potential of IRAK4 inhibitors requires a highly translational approach. Here, we profiled a selective IRAK4 inhibitor, GLPG2534, in an extensive panel of models of inflammatory skin diseases, translationally expanding evidence from in vitro to in vivo and from mouse to human. In vitro, IRAK4 inhibition resulted in substantial inhibition of TLR and IL-1 responses in dendritic cells, keratinocytes, granulocytes, and T cells but only weakly affected dermal fibroblast responses. Furthermore, disease activity in murine models of skin inflammation (IL-23–, IL-33–, imiquimod-, and MC903-induced) was markedly dampened by IRAK4 inhibition. Last, inhibiting IRAK4 reversed pathogenic molecular signatures in human lesional psoriasis and atopic dermatitis biopsies. Over the variety of models used, IRAK4 inhibition consistently affected central mediators of psoriasis (IL-17A) and atopic dermatitis (IL-4 and IL-13). Overall, our data highlight IRAK4 as a central player in skin inflammatory processes and demonstrate the potential of IRAK4 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in chronic inflammatory skin diseases.
Age-dependent impairment in antibody responses elicited by a homologous CoronaVac booster dose
Authors: Filardi Bruno Andraus , Monteiro Valter Silva , Schwartzmann Pedro Vellosa , do Prado Martins Vivian , Zucca Luis Eduardo Rosa , Baiocchi Gabriela Crispim , Malik Amyn A. , Silva Julio , Hahn Anne M. , Chen Nicholas F. G. , Pham Kien , Pérez-Then Eddy , Miric Marija , Brache Vivian , Cochon Leila , Larocca Rafael A. , Mendez Roberto Della Rosa , Bardini Silveira Douglas , Pinto Aguinaldo Roberto , Croda Julio , Yildirim Inci , Omer Saad B. , Ko Albert I. , Vermund Sten H. , Grubaugh Nathan D. , Iwasaki Akiko , Lucas Carolina ,   Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative, Vogels Chantal B. F. , Breban Mallery , Koch Tobias R. , Chaguza Chrispin , Tikhonova Irina , Castaldi Christopher , Mane Shrikant , De Kumar Bony , Ferguson David , Kerantzas Nicholas , Peaper David , Landry Marie L. , Schulz Wade
Published: February 2023

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages resulted in increased transmission rates and reduced protection from vaccines. To counteract these effects, multiple booster strategies were used in different countries, although data comparing their efficiency in improving protective immunity remain sparse, especially among vulnerable populations, including older adults. The inactivated CoronaVac vaccine was among the most widely distributed vaccine worldwide and was essential in the early control of SARS-CoV-2–related hospitalizations and deaths. However, it is not well understood whether homologous versus heterologous booster doses in those fully vaccinated with CoronaVac induce distinct humoral responses or whether these responses vary across age groups. We analyzed plasma antibody responses from CoronaVac-vaccinated younger or older individuals who received a homologous CoronaVac or heterologous BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 booster vaccine. All three evaluated boosters resulted in increased virus-specific IgG titers 28 days after the booster dose. However, we found that both IgG titers against SARS-CoV-2 Spike or RBD and neutralization titers against Omicron sublineages were substantially reduced in participants who received homologous CoronaVac compared with the heterologous BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 booster. This effect was specifically prominent in recipients >50 years of age. In this group, the CoronaVac booster induced low virus-specific IgG titers and failed to elevate neutralization titers against any Omicron sublineage. Our results point to the notable inefficiency of CoronaVac immunization and boosting in mounting protective antiviral humoral immunity, particularly among older adults, during the Omicron wave. These observations also point to benefits of heterologous regimens in high-risk populations fully vaccinated with CoronaVac.
Cytoplasmic Tail Truncation Stabilizes S1-S2 Association and Enhances S Protein Incorporation into SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirions
Authors: Zhang Lizhou , Hom Nancy , Ojha Amrita , Lovendahl Klaus N. , Mou Huihui , Lee Kelly K. , Choe Hyeryun
Published: February 2023

Various forms of PVs have been used as tools to evaluate vaccine efficacy and study virus entry steps. When PV infectivity is inherently low, such as that of SARS-CoV-2, a CT-truncated version of the viral entry glycoprotein is widely used to enhance PV infectivity, but the mechanism underlying this enhanced PV infectivity has been unclear.
LncRNA446 Regulates Tight Junctions by Inhibiting the Ubiquitinated Degradation of Alix after Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection
Authors: Qin Weiyun , Qi Xiaoyi , Xie Yunxiao , Wang Haifei , Wu Shenglong , Sun Ming-an , Bao Wenbin
Published: February 2023

Porcine epidemic diarrhea is an acute, highly contagious enteric viral disease severely affecting the pig industry, for which current vaccines are inefficient due to the high variability of PEDV. Because PEDV infection can lead to severe injury of the intestinal epithelial barrier, which is the first line of defense, a better understanding of the related mechanisms may facilitate the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of PED.
Scaling-up high-impact micronutrient supplementation interventions to improve adolescents’ nutrition and health in Burkina Faso and Tanzania: protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cliffer Ilana Rachel , Yussuf Mashavu H , Millogo Ourohire , Mwanyika-Sando Mary , Barry Yllassa , Yusufu Innocent S , Hemler Elena Cori , Sie Ali , Tinkasimile Amani , Compaoré Guillaume , Ali Ali Salim , Kouanda Idrissa , Wang Dongqing , Mosha Dominic , Fawzi Wafaie
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Adolescence is a critical time for growth and development, but this age group is often neglected in research and development of nutrition interventions. Despite recommendations from the WHO to provide nutrient supplements to adolescents, evidence remains scarce on the most effective supplementation strategy. This study aims to compare weekly iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation with daily multiple micronutrient supplements (MMSs) in prevention of anaemia and improvement of school outcomes among adolescents in Burkina Faso and Tanzania.

Methods and analysis

A three-arm cluster-randomised, school-based supplementation trial will be conducted among 84 schools (42 schools per site) and roughly 4500 students aged 10–17. Schools will be matched on three characteristics: number of students, school ranking profile, distance to main road (Tanzania) or distance to city council (Burkina Faso). Each school will be randomised to receive either weekly IFA, daily MMSs or serve as a control. Supplements will be delivered to students by teachers, who will provide monitoring data to the study team. Baseline and endline surveys will be conducted prior to and after each supplementation cycle (12 weeks in Burkina Faso; 1 year in Tanzania) to assess haemoglobin, anthropometry and sociodemographic variables. The primary outcome of haemoglobin will be analysed continuously using linear regression, and anaemia status will be analysed using logistic or multinomial regression, depending on categorisation level of the outcome. Secondary analyses of school performance indicators will also be conducted with either logistic or linear regression.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health (IRB20-1108) and the Research Ethics Committees for the Ministries of Health in Tanzania (Zanzibar) and Burkina Faso. Results will be disseminated during meetings with the Ministries of Health and the participating communities as well as through peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration number

NCT04657640;NCT05104554
Did the pandemic influence telehealth use among Swiss emergency department patients? A sequential explanatory study
Authors: Michel Janet , Schmid Sandra , Aebersold Eli Ruben , Mettler Annette , Sauter Thomas Christian
Published: February 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore pandemic telehealth use among walk-in emergency department (ED) patients at Bern University Hospital.

Design

As in sequential explanatory designs, quantitative data were collected first. To explain the quantitative results, telehealth use was explored qualitatively using an interview guide informed by the quantitative results.

Setting

The University Hospital of Bern ED designed a follow-up cross-sectional study (baseline done in 2019) to assess telehealth use among ED walk-in patients during the pandemic (2021).

Participants

We included participants of all age groups that had consented to a follow-up qualitative study and also ensured a gender and age balance. We aimed for data saturation that was achieved by the seventh key informant. A total of 11 key informants took part in the study.

Results

Three main themes emerged, namely: (1) telehealth use means the use of a telephone for many; (2) telehealth has both remits and limits; and (3) perceived future telehealth opportunities and threats.

Conclusion

The pandemic seems not to have increased telehealth use among walk-in ED patients. The slight increase observed in telehealth use among women seems related to the use of the COVID-19 app from trusted sites like the Federal Office of Public Health. Telehealth emerged as having remits, limits, opportunities and threats. The human factor preference emerged as very important to all key informants. The fear that telehealth threatens the human factor cannot be over emphasised. The telephone remains the biggest telehealth modality among Swiss ED walk-in patients.
Exercise during treatment for advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Tórtola-Navarro Aida , Martínez-García Jerónimo , Cano-Martínez Ana , Serradilla Ana
Published: February 2023

Cervical cancer (CCa) is the fourth most common type of tumour diagnosed in women. Its treatment-related side effects affect patients’ quality of life and physical condition. It is known that physical activity (PA) is beneficial to patients with cancer. However, there is a gap in research on this topic in patients with CCa during the treatment phase. In this report, a case is presented to assess the feasibility of a PA programme during chemoradiotherapy in a woman diagnosed with CCa. It is possible to develop PA programmes for patients with advanced CCa. However, no improvement was seen in the physical and functional variables analysed.
Using LASSO regularization to project recruitment under CMIP6 climate scenarios in a coastal fishery with spatial oceanographic gradients
Authors: Czaja Raymond , Hennen Daniel , Cerrato Robert , Lwiza Kamazima , Pales-Espinosa Emmanuelle , O'Dwyer Jennifer , Allam Bassem
Published: February 2023

As climate change disrupts fisheries, scientists are interested in fisheries projections under climate change scenarios. However, projections that account for spatial oceanographic gradients use increased variable selection power and output high spatial resolution climate data are needed to improve strategic fisheries management. This study uses the least absolute squares and selection operator, a regularization technique, and improved, climate change projections from phase 6 of the Couple Model Intercomparison Project to relate Atlantic surfclam, Spisula solidissima solidissima, recruitment to climate variables. Results show a longitudinal gradient in New York State waters where western recruitment displays a negative relationship with sea surface temperature and eastern recruitment displays a negative relationship with eastward spring wind intensity. Models project that recruitment in 2050 will decrease 100% in western waters and remain sporadic, but high, in eastern waters. This study provides insight regarding surfclam responses to climate change and considerations (methodological and statistical) for improved climate-based fisheries projections.
STUDY ON FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FISSURE SPACE STRUCTURE AND TIGHT SOLID STRUCTURE OF COAL
Authors: YANG HE , LIU ZHEN , WANG SHUANGYUE , ZHU MUYAO , CHENG WEIMIN , YU ZEHAN
Published: February 2023

The microstructure of a coal is a kind of fissured fractal tight porous media. The formation and action mechanism between its space and solid structure has a strong fundamental significance for engineering seepage problem. Currently, the research and experimental theory of the quantitative characterization of the fissure space structure is relatively complete. However, the physical meaning of the fractal dimension used to characterize structural features remains unclear. At the same time, the tight feature is attributed to the original complexity, and fractal topography dominates the behavioral complexity. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the distribution of tight solid structure from the fractal perspective for clarifying the complexity of coal structure. In this paper, the proportion of space structure and solid structure in coal body is accurately measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM) experiment combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment, and a theoretical model which can be used to measure the fractal dimension of solid structure is proposed based on Menger sponge theory. In the process, the physical meaning of fractal dimension of the fissure space structure measured by the image analysis method and fluid intrusion method is proposed. The research shows that for the fissure space structure, the fractal dimension of fissure space structure calculated based on the SEM image and the box dimension method is between 1 and 2, showing an obvious positive correlation with the proportion of the fissure space structure area. The fractal dimension based on NMR [Formula: see text] spectrum curve fitting mainly characterizes the complexity of the pore size distribution. The fractal dimension increases with the increasing complexity of pore size distribution. For the tight solid structure, the fractal dimension obtained by theoretical calculation is less than 3, the compound fractal scaling law. The two-dimensional fractal dimension obtained through experiments and related algorithms is greater than 2, which do not conform to the fractal scaling law in general, but it can represent the proportion of solid structure in a limited scale as the theoretical fractal dimension.
ASSESSMENT OF SECTOR BOND, EQUITY INDICES AND GREEN BOND INDEX USING INFORMATION THEORY QUANTIFIERS AND CLUSTERS TECHNIQUES
Authors: FERNANDES LEONARDO H. S. , DE ARAUJO FERNANDO H. A. , SILVA JOSÉ W. L. , FILHO MARCOS C. M. , TABAK BENJAMIN MIRANDA
Published: February 2023

Green bonds are financial assets similar to classic debt securities used to finance sustainable investments. Given this, they are a long-term investment alternative that effectively contributes to the planet’s future by preserving the environment and encouraging sustainable development. This research encompasses a rich dataset of equity and bond sectors, general indices, and the S&P Green Bond Index. We estimate the permutation entropy [Formula: see text], an appropriate statistical complexity measure [Formula: see text], and Fisher Information measure [Formula: see text]. Therefore, we employ these complexity measures to construct two 2D maps, the complexity-entropy causality plane ([Formula: see text] ×[Formula: see text]) and the Shannon–Fisher causality plane ([Formula: see text] ×[Formula: see text]). Also, we use the information theory quantifiers to rank these indices’ efficiency analogous to the complexity hierarchy. From a mathematical point of view, the complexity-entropy causality plane (CECP) is a map that considers the global analysis, while the SFCP is a map that simultaneously feels the global and local analysis. Our findings reveal that both 2D maps indicated the most efficient (b_info_tech) and least efficient (b_energy) assets. There are peculiarities in the ranking performed considering the information theory quantifiers used to build each map due to the mathematical distinction that underlies the construction of each map. Moreover, we applied two clustering approaches ([Formula: see text]-means and Hierarchical cluster) that categorically converged in the indication of four distinct groups, which allowed us to verify that, in an overview, equities present a unique dynamic when compared to bonds and the Green bond index.
Load Balancing Control Algorithm of Internet of Things Link Based on Non-Parametric Regression Model
Authors: Yu Xinyan
Published: February 2023

In order to solve the problems of poor channel balance control ability and unable to effectively reduce the output bit error rate in the traditional Internet of things link load balance control methods, a new Internet of things (IoT) link load balance control algorithm based on non-parametric regression model is proposed in this paper. The transmission model of IoT link channel is constructed, and the sparse random cluster analysis method is used to extract the load characteristics of IoT link. According to the load feature extraction results, through the estimated regression function of known data features, a non-parametric regression model is constructed, and the fuzzy cyclic iterative control is used to realize the load balancing control of the Internet of things link. The experimental results show that this method has strong channel balance control ability, low output bit error rate, the maximum average link utilisation can reach 1, and the maximum output bit error rate is only 102, which improves the stability of the Internet of things.
Quantum Label of Organic Acid Ligands-Determined CsPbBr3 Perovskite Magic-Sized Clusters
Authors: Xu Ke , Shi Guoqiang , Qian Binbin , Xue Dongfeng
Published: February 2023

A strategy for synthesizing stable, pure, and excellent luminescent perovskite magic-sized clusters (PMSCs) by optimizing ligands is proposed. The optimal ligand pair was selected from methylphosphonic acid (MPA), valeric acid (VA), and butanesulfonic acid (BA) ligands in conjunction with ethylenediamine (EDA), respectively. Through ligand-assisted reprecipitation (LAPR) method, MPA–EDA CsPbBr3 PMSCs with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of up to [Formula: see text]72% and excellent stability were optimized. By the density of states (DOS) analysis, the differences in luminescence properties were explored to originate from Pb(6s)–Br(4p) hybridization, and the hypothesis of constructing quantum maps of functional materials based on valence electron orbital hybridization was proposed. The above results provide a reliable experimental and theoretical direction for the future application of quantum label PMSCs in the field of optoelectronic devices.
SIGAI Annual Report: July 1 2021 - June 30 2022
Authors: Das Sanmay , Mattei Nicholas , Dickerson John P. , Koenig Sven , Dennis Louise , Medsker Larry , Yao Ziyu , Karpatne Anuj , Tsang Alan , Luckcuck Matt
Published: February 2023

We are delighted to share our annual report with membership. This highlights some of the many activities we do as a SIG, and could provide some inspiration for members who wish to get more involved about the types of activities they could participate in or where they feel new initiatives might be most welcome. If you are interested in being more involved with SIGAI or have ideas for future initiatives, please reach out to any or all of the leadership team.