bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Teaching Effectiveness of the Combinations of Artificial Intelligence Technology with PBL and CBL in Clinical Dermatology Cosmetology Teaching
Authors: Zeng Li , Wang Yihao , Liao Wanxing , Wang Yiping , Xu Xiangping , Liao Junlin , Jia Chiyu , Chen Nian
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) in a dermatology cosmetology course for clinical medical interns.
Materials & Methods
This prospective randomized controlled trial involved 70 clinical interns rotating in the medical cosmetology department. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups and followed the same curriculum over 8 weeks. The experimental group (n = 40) used a teaching method combining AI with PBL and CBL, while the control group (n = 30) followed the traditional PBL and CBL approach. Assessments included theoretical exams, case analysis, and anonymous feedback surveys to evaluate teaching quality.
Results
All participants completed the examinations and questionnaires. The average theoretical test scores and case analysis test scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.001). The indicators of the experimental group’s feedback were better than those of the control group, such that the improvement of learning interest and motivation, the improvement of understanding of diseases and knowledge, the improvement of independent learning ability, the improvement of clinical thinking and summary ability, as well as a more positive classroom atmosphere and more helpful for future clinical work (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Compared to the PBL combined CBL teaching method, the teaching mode combining AI with PBL and CBL teaching method showed a higher efficacy. The learning model effectively improved students’ outcomes and satisfaction, which helped students narrow the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical practical application.
Relationships among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, and structural brain changes: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Li Mingfei , Miao Yifan , Chen Hao , Wang Ziming , Jiao Xu , Lu Yun
Published: October 2024

Background
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a condition characterized by gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. It has a high incidence rate among the elderly. To date, the pathogenesis and underlying mechanism of iNPH remain unclear, however studies suggest that hypoxia may play a significant role. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), a common hypoxia-related condition, shares several similar symptoms with iNPH, including cognitive impairment, and mobility disorders. Additionally, both conditions exhibit structural brain changes, which are associated with the clinical symptoms of iNPH. The potential connections among COPD, iNPH and structural brain changes are currently unknown. Therefore, our study aimed to elucidate the possible causal relationship among iNPH, COPD, and structural brain changes( including cortical surface area and thickness, brain structure change rate, and white matter lesions), while further exploring the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of iNPH.
Methods
We employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to evaluate the causal relationships between 1) COPD and iNPH and between 2) COPD and structural brain changes. Additionally, bidirectional MR was conducted to assess the causal relationship between iNPH and structural brain changes.
Results
Our findings revealed no causal effect of COPD on the onset of iNPH or onstructural brain changes. However, an increase in the thickness of the superior parietal cortex was associated with a greater likelihood of developing iNPH (odds ratio [OR] = 5.39 × 10^14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.13 × 10^11 to 1.36 × 10^18, pFDR = 3.01 × 10^−15). Furthermore, iNPH was associated with a reduced mean diffusivity (MD) value (IVWβ = -0.28, 95% CI = -0.44 to -0.12, pFDR = 1.58 × 10^−3) and an elevated fractional anisotropy (FA) value (IVWβ = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.19 to 0.45, pFDR = 1.02 × 10^−5).
Conclusions
Our study suggests that COPD does not have a causal relationship with either the onset of iNPH or changes in brain structure. However, thickening of the superior parietal cortex is positively associated with the onset of iNPH, which is correlated with white matter lesions characterized by low MD values and high FA values throughout the brain.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate on postoperative day 7 predicts renal function preservation outcome after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy
Authors: Kusuda Mayuko , Sawada Norifumi , Aikawa Junki , Mochizuki Keito , Kasai Yoshifumi , Ohtake Yuko , Shimura Hiroshi , Mochizuki Takanori , Kira Satoru , Mitsui Takahiko
Published: October 2024

Purpose
To assess the predictive value of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on postoperative day (POD) 7 in forecasting the post-operative renal function in patients who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).
Methods:
We retrospectively examined data on RAPN performed from August 2016 to May 2022 at the University of Yamanashi hospital and assessed patient background, surgical outcome, and renal function. The eGFR preservation rate on POD7, and in 6 and 12 months were checked. The data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test. Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient was used to evaluate correlation between eGFR preservation rate within POD7 and in postoperative 12 months.
Results:
A total of 207 patients were included in this study. Median age was 66 and 141 male (68.1%) and 177 patients had cT1a tumor (85.5%) . The median tumor size was 25 mm. Trifecta was achieved in 162 cases (78.3%). In the group with less than 90% eGFR preservation at 12 months after surgery, both eGFR with postoperative 7 days and 6 months were significantly lower than the group with above 90%. Between these two groups, there was no significant difference in patient background and perioperative data. Logistic regression analysis also showed over 90% of eGFR preservation rate within POD7 was a factor associated with over 90% preserved at post-operative 12 months.
Conclusion:
Care should be taken to the patients with decreased eGFR at postoperative 7 days on RAPN to detect the post-operative renal function decrease and transfer to chronic renal failure treatment earlier.
Ultrasound-Based Abdominal Muscles And Diaphragm Assessment In Predicting Extubation Failure In Patients With Neurointensive Care: A Single-Center Observational Study
Authors: Qiu Xiang , Chen Chuanjuan , Lv Lan , Yang Bihui , Wang Zhiqiang , Ni Jun
Published: October 2024

Background: Extubation in patients with neurocritical care has high rate of failure. Ineffective cough was the variable independently associated with extubation failure, but its quantification remains challenging.
Methods: Patients with primary central nervous system injury under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) were included. After a successful spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), abdominal muscles and diaphragm ultrasound was performed under tidal breathing and coughing.
Results: we recruited 98 patients who were receiving IMV and 40 patients were included. Extubation failure occurred in 8 (20%) patients. Rectus abdominis (RA) and internal oblique (IO) muscle showed significantly difference regarding cough thickness (T) and cough thickening fraction (TF) between the extubation success and failure group (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis suggested cough TFRA, cough TFIO and cough TIOwere the factors associated with extubation outcome (P<0.05). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, cough TFIO exhibited the strongest predictive value (AUC=0.957, 95% CI:0.8979–1). A threshold of cough TFIO≥34.15% predicted extubation success with a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 75%.
Conclusion: Abdominal muscles ultrasound was a promising tool to predict extubation for neurocritical care patients.
Trial registration: The study was registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry:
ChiCTR2400088210, Registered 13 August 2024 - Retrospectively registered，https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=234150
Transmission of beef tapeworm infection among school children of Malakand region, Pakistan: An environmentally transmitted parasite infection
Authors: Rahman Hafeez Ur , Khan Wali , Rafiq Naseem , Masood Zubia , Ahmad Munawar Salim , Jamil Johar , Al-Sowayan Noorah Saleh , Escalante Patricio De Los Rios
Published: October 2024

Background
Taeniids mostly parasitize the people of underdeveloped nations of the world. To investigate the prevalence of taeniids infection associated with demographic and clinical features of school children in Malakand region, Pakistan.
Methods
A random sampling technique was applied and Graphpaid of version 5 was used to analyze the data P value was considered significant when less than 0.05 at 95%CI. Of the total 360 samples examined 140 tested positive for helminth including taeniids.
Results
Among the infected samples, 22.8% were observed to be infected only with taeniids tapeworms. Male children were found to be more infected than females. The highest prevalence (15%) of taenia infection was noted in July while the least in January (5%). Ascaris lumbricoides were observed as 30.71% most prevalent, while Taxocara species Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium species were recorded as the least one (0.71% each). The children aged 5–7 years (grade 1 to 3rd ) in urban areas were more parasitized than others. Individuals of 41 to 50 inches of height, 20 to 40 grams of weight, and 8 to 9 inches in upper arm circumference were comparatively more infected. Children having less than 5 family members and unemployed parents were more parasitized. Type of stool, washing hands after toilet, abdominal pain, constipation, nausea or vomiting, stomach pain, bloating (P < 0.05) while only diarrhea (P > 0.05) was observed.
Conclusion
The prevalence of taenid species was high among school children of the Malakand region. A campaign about the transmission of these parasites should be launched.
A randomized trial of at-home COVID-19 tests, telemedicine, and rapid prescription delivery for immunocompromised individuals
Authors: Vogel Julia Moore , Hung Ting-Yang , Coughlin Erin , Delgado Felipe , Kheterpal Vik , Quer Giorgio , Topol Eric
Published: October 2024

Background: COVID-19 continues to impose substantial risks to people who are immunocompromised and over 65 years old.
Objective: Using a randomized control trial, we evaluated whether access to at-home COVID-19 tests, telemedicine, and same-day prescription delivery could reduce COVID cases, hospitalizations, and the cost of COVID care for the high-risk populations.
Design: Individuals participated remotely, half (n = 346) receiving the option to access 10 at-home COVID-19 tests per month for themselves and others in their household as well as telemedicine and same-day Paxlovid delivery, and half following their standard testing and treatment practices (n = 325).
Data sources: Outcome data were collected from surveys, electronic health records (EHR) and claims.
Results: Intensive care unit (ICU) admissions were significantly reduced for intervention participants vs. control participants, (0.3% vs 4.6%, p < 0.001). COVID case incidence did not significantly differ (19.0% vs 20.4%, p = 0.69), nor did hospitalizations (5.2% vs 7.7%, p = 0.14). The intervention was estimated to result in a reduction of $3,650 in the cost of COVID care per person.
Limitations: The specific intervention used is no longer available in the market and alternatives should be considered. Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 could change the effect observed. Survey completion is higher in the intervention group.
Conclusions: In immunocompromised individuals and those at least aged 65 years, access to at-home COVID tests, telemedicine, and rapid Paxlovid delivery reduced the severity of COVID-19 infections, as reflected by a reduced need for ICU care; this has the potential to reduce the cost of COVID care.
Ginkgetin delays the progression of osteoarthritis by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
Authors: Zhu Liang , Bi Yanchi , Liang Ting , Zhang Po , Xiao Xiao , Yu Tengbo
Published: October 2024

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered an advancing chronic degenerative joint disease, leading to severe physical functional impairment of patients. Its development is closely related to increased inflammation and oxidative stress within the joint. Ginkgetin (GK), a natural non-toxic chemical, has proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective effects.Methods First, this study utilizes network pharmacology to explore the intrinsic connection between GK and OA. In vitro, SW1353 human cartilage cells were stimulated with Tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP), and different GK concentrations were pre-treated to evaluate its protective effects. GK's anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects were comprehensively assessed via MTT assay, western blot, cell immunofluorescence, ELISA, and transcriptome sequencing. Potential underlying mechanisms were also explored. In vivo, OA was induced in rats via anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), and GK's impact on cartilage protection was further assessed via histological analysis and western blot.Results Network pharmacology has revealed that GK regulates OA via several key pathways, especially NF-κB, HIF-1, PI3K-AKT, and substances like reactive oxygen species. In vitro experiments showed GK effectively reverses oxidative stress damage from TBHP, inhibits inflammatory factor release, and protects cellular matrix (ECM) from degradation. These functions may be achieved via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. In vivo experiments showed GK significantly reduced proteoglycan loss from ACLT and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and glycan protease 5 (ADAMTS5) production, effectively preventing cartilage degeneration in rats.Conclusion The research findings indicate that GK is a novel approach for the treatment of OA.
Understanding the relationship between sport-related psychological safety and mental toughness in male elite athletes
Authors: Ojio Yasutaka , Yamada Kai , Amemiya Rei , Kawamura Shin , Rice Simon M. , Purcell Rosemary
Published: October 2024

Background
The importance of mental health in elite sport has gained recognition, highlighting the need for supportive, highly competitive performance environments. This study investigates the relationship between psychological safety and mental toughness in elite sport, focusing on the mediating role of psychological distress, to advance understanding of how mental health can be maintained in competitive environments where mental toughness is often prioritized.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a web-based survey of 541 Japanese male rugby players, including the Kessler Distress Scale (K10), a 15-item mental toughness scale (MT), and the Sport Psychological Safety Inventory (SPSI). Mediation analysis was conducted to assess the direct and indirect association of SPSI with MT through K10, with the significance of the mediation effect evaluated using a Sobel test. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to ensure robustness, adjusting for covariates.
Results
The analysis included 220 Japanese players with no missing values (response rate: 40.6%). The regression analysis revealed that higher scores on the SPSI scores were associated with lower K10 scores (β = -0.367, p < 0.001). In turn, K10 scores were negatively associated with MT (β = -0.286, p < 0.001), while SPSI scores were positively related to MT (β = 0.539, p < 0.001). The Sobel test confirmed the indirect effect of SPSI on MT through K10 (z = 2.818, p < 0.01), indicating significant mediation. In the sensitivity analysis, the indirect effect remained significant after adjusting for covariates (z = 2.97, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
A psychologically safe environment in sports might enhance mental toughness among elite athletes both directly and indirectly by reducing psychological distress. These results highlight the potential association between psychological safety in sports and both mental health and mental toughness, as both constructs have been linked with improved performance outcomes in prior research. The findings underscore the necessity for sports organizations to implement targeted interventions and policies that promote psychological safety and mental health support.
Penile HPV prevalence and associated factors among 20–70-year-old men in Sri Lanka: A Study in a Lower& Middle-Income Country
Authors: Amarasena W. D.J.K. , Goonewardena S. , Gamage Deepa
Published: October 2024

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally. Each year, persistent High Risk (HR) HPV infection causes 69,400 cancers in males, with a rising incidence across the world. While contributing significantly to the disease burden in men and plays a crucial role in transmitting the infection to women. Estimating male HPV genotype prevalence and associated factors is crucial for developing effective HPV preventive strategies.
Method
A community-based descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the penile HPV prevalence and identify the significant associated factors for HPV infection among 20–70-year-old clinically normal men in Sri Lanka. Multi-stage probability proportionate cluster sampling was done to recruit a sample of 579 study subjects. The chi-square test was used with a significance level of p < 0.05, and bivariate analysis followed by multivariate (logistic regression) analysis was conducted to explore possible determinants of HPV infection and calculate adjusted Odds Ratios (OR).
Results
Penile HPV genotype prevalence for any genotype was 5.7% (n = 33, 95% CI:3.9–7.9) and HR genotype prevalence was 1.7% (n = 10 ,95% CI: 0.3–3.1) among clinically normal men. Identified HR HPV genotypes were HPV-59 (n = 4), HPV-16 (n = 3), HPV-45 (n = 2) and HPV-33 (n = 1) however, HPV-18 was not detected. The significant associated factors for HPV infection were having > 1 female partner/s lifetime (p = 0.02) (Adjusted OR, 2.4,95%CI:1.1–4.9) and having sexual relationships being unmarried (p = 0.04) (Adjusted OR, 3.5,95% CI:1.04–12.1).
Conclusion
High-risk sexual behaviours are significantly associated with HPV infection. Promoting safe sex practices, along with ongoing detection and monitoring of vaccine-preventable HPV genotypes among males are vital for decision-making for HPV preventive strategies.
The comparison of Immune response to Third booster dose with of ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers after receiving two doses of CoronaVac
Authors: Tangsathapornpong Auchara , Kositamongkol Sudatip , Angkasekwinai Pornpimon , Jaru-ampornpan Peera , Bunjoungmanee Pornumpa , Kulalert Prapasri , Punyashthira Patcharaporn , Nanthapisal Sira
Published: October 2024

Background
The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly impacted public health, with vaccine effectiveness being crucial for control. The efficacy of heterologous prime-boost vaccines remains unclear. This study compared AZD1222 and BNT162b2 as booster doses given 90 days after two CoronaVac doses.
Methods
Participants who received two CoronaVac doses at least 90 days earlier chose either the AZD1222 or BNT162b2 booster based on individual preference. Anti-Spike receptor-binding domain (anti-S-RBD) IgG levels were measured on days 14, 28, and 90, and surrogate virus neutralization tests (sVNT) were conducted on days 14 and 90.
Results
A total of 100 subjects participated in the study: 36 males and 64 females. The mean age in the AZD1222 group was 42.82±6.01 years, and in the BNT162b2 group, it was 37.3±8.07 years (p-value <0.05). The mean interval between the previous vaccine dose and the booster dose was 87.3±20.1 days in the AZD1222 group and 109.2±17.6 days in the BNT162b2 group (p-value <0.05). Anti-S-RBD levels in the BNT162b2 group were significantly higher than those in the AZD1222 group on days 14, 28, and 90. The sVNT inhibition of the Delta variant spike protein was also significantly higher in the BNT162b2 group on both days 14 and 90. Age was the only factor affecting anti-S-RBD levels in both groups.
Conclusion
In participants previously given two CoronaVac doses, both the mRNA BNT162b2 and viral-vectored AZD1222 boosters showed increased immunogenicity and neutralizing activity against the Delta strain. However, BNT162b2 demonstrated slightly higher immunogenicity and a slower decline over a 3-month period compared to AZD1222.
Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury: analysis of two large cohorts
Authors: Li Yunfei , Deng Yu , Gao Guoyi , Liu Weiming , Wu Liang
Published: October 2024

Background
This study aimed to assess the role of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in predicting all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Methods
This was a retrospective observational cohort study, and data were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) and the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD). The participants were divided into three groups according to the TyG index tertiles. The primary outcome was hospital all-cause mortality. Multivariate logistic proportional regression analysis and restricted cubic spline regression were used to evaluate the association between the TyG index and hospital mortality in patients with TBI.
Results
A total of 865 critically ill patients with TBI were enrolled. The hospital mortality rate and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality rates were 13.4% and 8.4%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the TyG index was independently associated with an elevated risk of hospital mortality [OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.23–2.31); P = 0.001] and ICU mortality [OR 1.71 (95% CI 1.18–2.48); P = 0.004]. The restricted cubic spline regression model revealed that the risks of hospital and ICU mortality increased linearly with increasing TyG index.
Conclusion
The TyG index is significantly associated with hospital and ICU all-cause mortality rate in critically ill patients with TBI. This finding illustrates that the TyG index may serve as a valuable tool for identifying patients with TBI who are at an elevated risk of all-cause mortality.
The use of alternative protein sources in quail diets: A review
Authors: Polubesova M. A. , Mechtaeva E. V. , Chernov A. D. , Sitnov V. Yu. , Zhuravleva A. Z.
Published: October 2024

The growth of the Earth’s population and people’s striving for healthy life style lead to an increase in the global demand for protein food. Quails are a valuable source of protein, which is thought to reduce the risk of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Inclusion of alternative protein sources into the composition of feeds for quails is an answer to ecological problems associated with the use of traditional protein sources. Plants, insects, algae and mushrooms are among alternative protein sources that are mentioned most frequently in scientific studies. The aim of this review is analysis of scientific literature dedicated to the use of plants, insects, algae and mushrooms as alternative protein sources in feedstuff for quails. Plant sources of protein, such as soya and maize, are successfully used in feedstuff production. However, studies have shown that addition of other sources, including by-products of crop husbandry, will allow increasing sustainability and reducing the dependence of the industry on traditional raw materials. Flour from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae is the promising and most widely studied source of protein among insects and can positively affect productivity and health of quails. Among algae, it is necessary to mention spirulina (Spirulina platensis and Arthrospira platensis). Upon addition of 4% of the spirullina powder, productivity parameters in poultry increased. Mushrooms are described as a promising protein source in feedstuff that is also capable of ensuring an increase in productivity and quality of poultry meat. Today, however, there are few studies on this subject. It is recommended to focus further studies of the application of alternative protein sources in quail diets on questions of safety of their use and more detailed analysis of economic feasibility.
Emerging pollutants: Risks in salmon fish migration. A review
Authors: Abramova L. S. , Kozin A. V. , Guseva E. S.
Published: October 2024

The release of pollutants into the environment is a serious ecological problem due to the significant risks they pose both to ecosystems and to human health. The review considers the issues of detection and distribution of new pollutants, as well as sources of their entry into the environment and potential impact on ecosystems. The problem of wastewater pollution is especially urgent in the context of conservation of salmonid fish species. Pharmaceutical and veterinary drugs, components of personal hygiene products, microplastics, per- and polyfluorinated substances, brominated flame retardants, oil and a number of other toxicants enter freshwater bodies, which are especially important for the early stages of the salmon development and its following migration. The presence of pollutants in the aquatic environment depends on a source, their ability to bioaccumulate, as well as to degrade in the processes of biological and abiotic purification. High-resolution mass spectrometry in combination with gas or liquid chromatography can be recommended for detection of new pollutants. Due to high mass measurement accuracy and high specificity, this method is able to effectively identify pollutants even in the complex fish matrix. When conducting non-targeted and targeted screening with highly sensitive full scanning, it is advisable to use high-resolution mass analyzers (TOF, Q-TOF, Q-Orbitrap), which allow determining a number of new compounds. A promising direction in the complex assessment of the impact of pollutants on salmon fish species and the identification of indicators characterizing this impact is metabolomics. It is based on the study of low-molecular organic compounds — metabolites, both intermediate and final metabolic products in body fluids and tissues. Metabolomic profiling allows identifying important markers of the state of a water body under the influence of pollutants, which is necessary for the development of comprehensive regulations and guidelines for the effective handling of these pollutants.
Determination of optimal technological conditions for the manufacture of semi-finished products from gooseberry fruit
Authors: Golub O. V. , Motovilov O. K. , Motovilova N. V. , Davydenko N. I.
Published: October 2024

The quality of pureed berries products is determined by many factors. The purpose of the study was to determine the optimal technological conditions for the manufacture of semi-finished products from gooseberries, providing for the use of equipment with a rotary machine (MAG‑50) and ensuring the required quality characteristics. The objects of research were semi-finished products from gooseberries. The manufacturing technology involved high-temperature processing or the use of the rotary machine MAG‑50. The research methods were standard. It has been found that in order to obtain products with the required quality characteristics, the duration of processing in MAG‑50 had the greatest influence. The optimal technological conditions for the manufacture of products in MAG‑50 have been determined: processing for 14–20 minutes at a temperature of 59–65°C of at least 72% of fresh berries or 58–65°C of at least 66% of quick-frozen ones. It has been established that the technology involving the use of rotary machine MAG‑50, compared with the high-temperature one, made it possible to obtain products with a lower content of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, molds (by 97.7 and 69.8%, respectively), better appearance characteristics (by 1.7%), color, texture and odor (by 2.3%), taste and aftertaste (by 3.6%). The state of the raw materials had the greatest impact on the content of yeast in semi-finished products — products made from fresh berries contained 48.7% more of them on average than products from quick-frozen ones. Compared with the Senator variety, gooseberry fruits of the Pink 2 variety made it possible to obtain products with a high content of soluble solids, sugars, minerals and ascorbic acid (by 18.2, 58.9, 7.7 and 61.8%, respectively), less titrated acids and dietary fibers (by 21.2 and 20.3%, respectively). The study demonstrates the potential of obtaining semi-finished products from gooseberries, regardless of their variety and condition by using the technology involving the use of MAG‑50.
Hydrolysates of mare's milk proteins. Immunochemical and physico-chemical characteristics
Authors: Semenova E. S. , Simonenko E. S. , Simonenko S. V. , Zorin S. N. , Mazo V. K.
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the attention of specialists has been attracted by a significant increase in allergic diseases, especially among children. Enzymatic hydrolysis with the participation of peptidases is considered the most effective measure to reduce the allergenicity of milk proteins. The study of the features of protein proteolysis by various enzymes, aimed at establishing optimal process parameters, is the subject of research in the production of hydrolysates with specified properties: a certain peptide and amino acid profile, reduced antigenic properties. At the same time, for a correct preclinical assessment of the safety and potential effectiveness of specialized food products, it is not enough only to determine the molecular weight distribution of peptide fractions in the composition. A necessary additional and informative indicator of reducing the potential allergenicity of the hydrolysate is the degree of preservation of the antigenic properties of the initial protein (residual antigenicity), determined by immunochemical methods. The preparation and subsequent comprehensive assessment of enzymatic hydrolysates of mare's milk proteins is of considerable interest, since, according to the results of clinical studies, it was suggested that upon allergy to cow's milk proteins mare's milk can be considered hypoallergenic. The purpose of this work was to obtain enzymatic hydrolysates of mare's milk proteins using domestic enzymes and their further physico-chemical and immunochemical characteristics. The object of the study was mare's milk protein obtained from skimmed mare's milk powder as a protein substrate. Two samples of enzymes from various manufacturers of the Russian Federation were used in the work. The results of the conducted studies show that the peptide profiles of hydrolysates vary greatly depending on the enzyme used, however, the multiplicity of antigenicity reduction practically does not depend on the nature of the enzyme, and does not depend on an increase in the enzyme/substrate ratio. The peptide profile and the multiplicity of reducing the antigenicity of hydrolysates of mare's milk proteins are influenced by ultrafiltration treatment of the obtained hydrolysates, which allows reducing the content of antigenic structures in the final product by several orders of magnitude.
HYGIENE AND SANITATION PRACTICES ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN ETHNICAL RESTAURANTS FOUND IN NAIROBI COUNTY
Authors:   A Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Masters in Hospitality Management of Mount Kenya University., Nderitu Lydia , Mutinda Ray ,   A Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Masters in Hospitality Management of Mount Kenya University.
Published: October 2024

Hygiene is no new concept to humanity, more so where the hotel industry is involved. The world is becoming a busy globe and meals that were once shared at home are now being provided more and more in eating establishments. People in this case have to trust third parties to handle the preparation of their food and the question about how that food is handled is brought up. This is the same question posed as far as hotel establishments are concerned in Kenya. Can one really trust the people handling their food in hotel? What role does hygiene and sanitation, especially of the food play in convincing individuals to eat in a particular hotel establishment. To be able to answer this question, the study embarked on a study that sampled prominent ethical restaurant within Nairobi City County and interacted with 120 sampled respondents through stratification. The respondents participated in the study by answering a series of questions outlined in a structured questionnaire. The respondents were drawn from various ranks in the establishment ranging from the managers and owners of the restaurants. Data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics with the aid of statistical packages for social sciences and presented in the form of tables, charts and graphs. The study findings showed that restaurants had clear policies for health and safety, though compliance was found to be a challenge leading to unhygienic handling of food and customer dissatisfaction. Structurally, health measures were ineffective in some restaurants, leading to customer discomfort and low frequency of visits. Customers expect a restaurant with good health on first instinct and determined preference. The study however established that the management responded to customer complaints and implemented hygiene changes. As such, it can be concluded that health measures, customer expectations and perceptions had an effect on customer satisfaction and the performance of the restaurants. The study recommends regular capacity building of staff on health and sanitation policies and standards. Also recommended were regular reviews of the restaurant buildings to ensure conducive environment for dining should be undertaken. Training of staff on food handling as well as effective supervision would enhance customer experience at the restaurants. The study recommends further studies in evaluate the effect of staff skills on customer satisfaction in restaurants and assessment of the effect of ethnic cuisines on the performance of restaurants.
Effect of the Alkyl Side Chain of Antitrypanosomal Cinnamate, p-Coumarate, and Ferulate n-Alkyl Esters Using Multivariate Analysis and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Authors: L. Silva Matheus , L. Baldim João , A. Costa-Silva Thais , Amaral Maiara , M. Romanelli Maiara , V. C. Levatti Erica , G. Tempone Andre , G. Lago João Henrique
Published: October 2024

In the present work, three series of cinnamic (1), p-coumaric (2) and ferulic (3) esters containing different side-chains such as ethyl (1a-3a), n-propyl (1b-3b), n-butyl (1c-3c), n-pentyl (1d-3d), n-hexyl (1e-3e), and n-heptyl (1f-3f) were prepared, tested for activity against trypomastigote forms of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and toxicity against NCTC cells. Obtained results indicated that the presence of p-coumaric or ferulic moieties associated with C4-C7 linear side-chains play an important role in the bioactivity against T. cruzi since compounds 2c-2f and 3d-3f were found to be the most active derivatives with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value ranging from 12.8 to 1.7 µM, superior to that determined for the positive control benznidazole (EC50 = 16.4 µM). Additionally, machine learning and multivariate statistical analyses identified molecular features correlated with biological activity, emphasizing the importance of side-chain length and lipophilicity, highlighting the significance of the molecular structure of phenylpropanoid derivatives in the activity against T. cruzi.
Challenges associated with access to safe water in Rhino Camp refugee settlement in Arua District, Uganda
Authors: Semyalo Ronald , Gubek Dorina Keji Zachariah , Nalwanga Rosemary , Ong'amo George , Batega Dauda Waiswa , Okot-Okumu James
Published: October 2024

The study evaluated water access and disease prevalence in the Rhino Camp refugee settlement by mapping water sources, interviewing residents, and reviewing health centre records. Primary water sources were tanks providing 10.2 litres per person per day (L/p/d). Microbial contamination including total coliforms reaching 2.8 × 104 cfu/mL (household container – Tika), thermotolerant coliforms, and faecal enterococci were observed throughout the water supply chain, suggesting faecal contamination and posing a health risk. We attributed this to poor handling and storage related to poor sanitation in the settlement, highlighting the importance of promoting hygiene practices among refugees, particularly in the Ofua Zone, which had the highest contamination risks and the highest sanitary risk scores. Malaria and Typhoid were the most prevalent diseases, with Ofua having the highest disease incidence. Water collection was mostly done by adult females and female children (34.7 and 30.3%, respectively) although water collection was generally low (<4 times a day). Boiling water was associated (p < 0.05) with the incidence of hepatitis A in Ofua. Adequate water (>20 L/p/d), water treatment, and education on hygiene practices especially for adult females are essential in lowering contamination and the incidence of diseases.
A comprehensive study of floodplain analysis utilising HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS, and GIS on the Kosasthalaiyar River sub-basin
Authors: Boddepalli Manikanta , Pasupuleti Laxmi Narayana , Nalli Bhaskara Rao
Published: October 2024

The present study focused on the Kosasthalaiyar River basin in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. We analysed the 2015 peak flood and forecasted the feature data in the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 scenario for various years. We used the scientific data management system (SDSM) software to downscale the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) 2.0 general circulation models (GCMs). According to hydrograph analysis, 142.7, 75.31, 461.73, and 248.22 mm runoff can occur in 2030, 2050, 2080, and 2100, respectively. The current study estimates probable peak flows by performing floodplain analysis on the Kosasthalaiyar River sub-basin using the Hydrologic Engineering Centre's Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS), the Hydrologic Engineering Centre's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), and geographic information system (GIS) tools. It is possible to observe that the two major peak floods, measuring 581.6 and 110.7 m3/s, respectively, will occur on 28 November 2030 at 10:20 a.m. and 12 December 2050 at 9:20 a.m. Additionally, high floods of 997 and 1,438.4 m3/s can be recorded on 20 December 2080 at 9:50 a.m. and 29 November 2100 at 9:40 a.m., respectively.
Evaluating the performance of water distribution network deterioration using customer-oriented performance indices
Authors: Orime Henry , Tait S. , Boxall J. , Shepherd W. , Schellart A.
Published: October 2024

Water distribution networks (WDNs) are an essential urban infrastructure, with their performance directly influencing societal well-being. Our study applied to a real network model that employs a 24-h simulation with 1-h time steps and evaluates the impact of leaks and loss in the pipe cross-sectional area on WDN hydraulic performance as experienced by end users. Adhering to a UK utility's 20-m head pressure requirement as the water main benchmark, we present two new customer-oriented performance indices (CPIs) centred on network reliability and pressure deficit severity. The new CPIs adeptly quantify network performance degradation due to pipe deterioration. This degradation translates directly to a poor customer experience, highlighting the potential for these CPIs to pinpoint areas of the network where performance levels are compromised. Furthermore, the CPIs identify individual pipes within the network where defects would severely impact network performance and the sets of pipes which, when simultaneously experiencing defects, would lead to a more severe loss in network performance. Results show that the CPIs capture relatively small performance declines and identify sensitive pipes impacting network performance, providing insights for optimised inspection and maintenance intervention to provide better customer service.
Immunoproteomics: Approach to Diagnostic and Vaccine Development
Authors: Gomase Virendra Supaji , Dhamane Suchita Prabhakar , Kemkar Kiran Ramesh , Kakade Pavan Ganpat , Sakhare Abhay Dewappa
Published: October 2024

The study of large protein sets (proteomics) involved in the immunological reaction is
known as immunoproteomics. The methodology of immunoproteomics plays a major role in identifying
possible vaccine candidates that could protect against pathogenic infection. The study of
immunogenic proteins that are expressed during the outset of infection is the focus of the crosstalk
between proteomics and immune protection antigens utilizing serum. Peptide presentation by
MHC provides the new ‘window’ into changes that occur in the cell. Thus, there is strong, intense
pressure on the pathogen that has been mutated in such an unusual manner that it can bypass the
MHC peptide presentation by the MHC molecule. The pathogen's ability to evade the immune system
is strongly restricted by the two unique distinct properties of MHC molecules, i.e., polygenic
and polymorphic properties. MHC-I restriction epitope identification has traditionally been accomplished
using genetic motif prediction. The study of immune system proteins and their interactions
is the main emphasis of the specialist field of immunoproteomics within proteomics. Methodologies
include mass spectrometry (MS), SRM assay, MALDI-TOF, Chromatography, ELISA, 2DG
PAGE, and bioinformatics tools. Challenges are the complexity of the immune system, protein
abundance and dynamics, sample variability, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and data integration.
Current advancements are enhanced mass spectrometry techniques, single-cell proteomics,
artificial intelligence and machine learning, advanced protein labeling techniques, integration
with other omics technologies, and functional proteomics. However, the recently emerging
field of immunoproteomics has more promising possibilities in the field of peptide-based vaccines
and virus-like particle vaccines. The importance of immunoproteomics technologies and methodologies,
as well as their use in the field of vaccinomics, are the main topics of this review. Here,
we have discussed immunoproteomics in relation to a step towards the future of vaccination.
A Network Pharmacology Study on Mechanism of Total Flavonoids of
Hippophae Rhamnoides in Treating Allergic Dermatitis via Regulation
of IL-17 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Wu Lun , Zhou Jinsuo , Guo Xingyu , Du Yongqiang , Li Shanshan , Yu Wenting , Bu Huinan , Chi Wencheng
Published: October 2024

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the active ingredients and potential mechanisms
of Total Flavonoids of Hippophae (TFH) in the treatment of Allergic Dermatitis (AD) using network
pharmacology and molecular docking.

Methods:

The effective components and targets of TFH were identified using the TCMSP, Pub-
Chem, and Pharmmapper databases. AD-related targets were screened through GeneCards, OMIM,
and TTD databases, leading to the identification of TFH anti-AD related targets. The STRING database
was utilized to obtain protein interaction relationships, and Cytoscape 3.9.0 software was employed
to construct the protein-protein interaction network. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses
were conducted to elucidate the biological processes and pathways involved. Molecular docking
between key components and key targets was verified using AutoDock Tools 1.5.6 software.

Results:

The key components identified for anti-AD activity were Quercetin, Kaempferol, Cianidanol,
and Epicatechin, while the key targets included MAPK8, MAPK10, MAPK14, AKT1, SRC, and
EGFR. GO analysis indicated that TFH's anti-AD effects are primarily associated with hormone
regulation, cellular processes, response to stimuli, organelles, and cytoplasm. KEGG enrichment
analysis suggested that the key pathways involved are pathways in cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis,
and the IL-17 signaling pathway, with a significant emphasis on the IL-17 signaling pathway. Molecular
docking results demonstrated that the key active ingredients exhibited strong binding activity
with all the key targets, with the highest binding affinities observed between kaempferol and
MAPK14, epicatechin and MAPK14, and quercetin and AKT1.

Conclusion:

TFH exerts therapeutic effects on atopic dermatitis through multi-component, multitarget,
and multi-pathway mechanisms involving inflammatory response, immune regulation, and
apoptosis. This study provides valuable insights for the further development of drugs specifically
targeting AD.
Marginal Degradation of Universal Adhesive Restorations in NCCLs: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: de Figueiredo Barros Thaís Andrade , Takeuchi Elma Vieira , Souza Cíntia de Melo Silva , Silva Aryvelto Miranda , Melo Alencar Cristiane de , Silva Cecy Martins
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This systematic review aimed to answer the PICO question: do adhesive protocols used for non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) using a universal adhesive system influence marginal degradation, marginal staining, and retention of these restorations? The self-etching adhesive strategy and selective enamel etching were compared with the etch-and-rinse strategy as a control.

Materials and Methods

The study searched various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Embase, and grey literature, to find randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing self-etching (SE) or selective enamel etching (SEE) to the etch and rinse (ER) strategy. The risk of methodological bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Data were dichotomized and analyzed using RevMan v 5.3, adopting the Mantel-Haenszel method. The quality of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).

Results

Twenty RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed that using universal adhesives with the SE strategy resulted in clinical signs of marginal degradation at 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months of follow-up, and marginal staining at 24 months. The adhesive strategy did not interfere with the retention of restorative material used for NCCLs over 36 months, as assessed based on both the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria.

Conclusion

With moderate certainty of evidence, after 24 months of follow-up, the SE strategy results in the detection of clinical signs of marginal degradation and staining. The adhesive strategy adopted did not influence the retention rate of the restorations over 36 months of follow-up.
Application of Nanotherapeutics in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Johari Akshara , Chhabra Priyanka , Tripathy Divya Bajpai
Published: October 2024

For centuries, cancer has remained the leading cause of death worldwide
despite the advancements in chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The challenges of
tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and systemic toxicity have impeded effective
cancer treatment. The rising number of cancer-related deaths has placed significant
pressure on healthcare systems and biopharmaceutical companies to develop new
therapeutic approaches. Fortunately, recent advancements in nanotherapies have shown
promising results in tackling these obstacles and reducing the risk of multidrug
resistance. Nanotherapies have emerged as a key player in cancer treatment by enabling
targeted delivery of drugs and minimizing the side effects associated with systemic
toxicity. By addressing the limitations of current treatment methods, these innovative
strategies offer a new frontier in both cancer screening and treatment. In this chapter,
we will explore the role of nanotherapies in cancer and their potential to overcome the
challenges faced in conventional cancer treatments.