bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Operating Conditions on Curcumin Extracted from Turmeric by Hydrothermal Extraction
Authors: Yulianto Mohamad Endy , Amalia Rizka , Paramita Vita , Hartati Indah , Maulinda Nissa Ayu , Shulthoni Muhammad Aziz
Published: October 2019

Turmeric has a bioactive compound namely curcuminoid. It has many pharmacology effects such as anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifertility, anti-venom, anti-coagulant, anti-HIV hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and anticoagulant properties. To increase the economic value of turmeric, it is necessary to develop a hydrothermal extraction process of turmeric’s active compound. The advantages of hydrothermal extraction were inexpensive, abundant availability, high purity, non-toxic, and easy to handle. This research aims to study the effect of operating conditions : temperature (130-150oC), time (10-40 minutes) and solid:liquid ratio (1:10 and 1:12) on the bioactive compounds of turmeric extracted from hydrothermal extraction process. Generally, high extraction yield was obtained at higher extraction temperature (140 and 150oC). Under these conditions, with a lower solid : liquid ratio (1:10), high concentration of curcumin is produced. Further, a higher solid : liquid ratio will likely produce the opposite result, except when it operates at low extraction temperature. The high temperature of the pressurized liquid water can reduce the viscosity and surface tension of water so it will increase the diffusion rates and absorption. The higher the solid:liquid ratio, the greater the different concentration between interior and exterior cell, which promote the high efficiency of diffusion process.
Analysis of Customer Behavior Factors on Subscription-Based Music Services
Authors: Puspitasari Nia Budi , Susanty Aries , Prakoso Muhammad Faiz Aji
Published: October 2019

Piracy is a problem that has been faced by various companies, one of which is music service software. Even though piracy gives a benefit to consumers, the losses obtained by the producer cannot be ignored. To overcome these problems, there are music services that can provide services easily and cheaply for consumers, commonly called the Subscription Based Music Service (SBMS). Although there is a service that can replace pirated products (SBMS), there is no guarantee that consumers will use it. This study aims to determine the factors that influence consumers in using SBMS music services. To achieve that, the Structural Equation Modeling method is used with AMOS software. The research was conducted in two countries, Indonesia and Germany with the aim to find out whether or not different countries affect consumer behavior. From the results of research in Indonesian and German respondents, the most influencing factor in the desire to use SBMS is the interest in the application. It can be concluded that the more music users know the service features and services provided by SBMS, the music users will be encouraged to use SBMS.
DoS Attack Prevention Using Rule-Based Sniffing Technique and Firewall in Cloud Computing
Authors: Fidele Kagiraneza Alexis , Hartanto Agus
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, we are entering an era where the internet has become a necessary infrastructure and support that can be applied as a means of regular communication and data service. In these services, cloud-based on servers has an essential role as it can serve numerous types of devices that are interconnected with several protocols. Unfortunately, internet cloud servers become the main target of attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS), Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). These attacks have illegal access that could interfere in service functions. Sniffing techniques are typically practiced by hackers and crackers to tap data that passes through the internet network. In this paper, sniffing technique aims to identify packets that are moving across the network. This technique will distinguish packet on the routers or bridges through a sniffer tool known as snort connected to a database containing the attack pattern. If the sniffing system encounters strange patterns and recognizes them as attacks, it will notify to the firewall to separate the attacker's original Internet Protocol (IP) address. Then, communication from the attacker's host to the target will be discontinued. Consequently, the identified attack activity will stop working, and the service will proceed to run.
Using System Dynamics to Analyze the Leadership Style on Motivation and Soldier’s Performance
Authors: Suharjo Bambang
Published: October 2019

In order to carry out the main tasks of the Military to safeguard the sovereignty of the nation and the state, the educated, trained and professional soldiers are needed. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve work motivation and performance of all soldiers. The research was carried out on 200 Personnels at military education institutions to obtain data on relationships between variables. The data was processed with the structural equation model and was continued with system dynamics to obtain simulations that reflect the relationship model between variables. Based on the compiled system dynamics model, the conclusions and suggestions for improvement leadership style and motivation in order to improve the soldier’s performance can be obtained. The results showed that: system dynamics can be used to model soldier’s performance. It was needed to increase the transformational leadership style and transactional leadership style and motivation in order to improve the performance of soldiers. Some efforts can be made to improve performance through leadership styles such as reward and punishment and encourage innovation, creativity, and inspiration from leaders.
Production Time Optimization using Campbell Dudek Smith (CDS) Algorithm for Production Scheduling
Authors: Mashuri Chamdan , Mujianto Ahmad Heru , Sucipto Hadi , Arsam Rinaldo Yudianto , Permadi Ginanjar Setyo
Published: October 2019

The production time optimization study used the Campbell Dudek smith (CDS) algorithm in the production process scheduling aimed at makespan optimization for engine operation to produce 12-size pan products, 14-size griddle, 16-size griddle, 18-size griddle, and 20-size griddle. The method applied by the Campbell Dudek and Smith (CDS) algorithm, CDS is a method used in flowshop-type scheduling developed from Johnson's rule that is able to minimize makespan 2 machines arranged in series. The CDS method is very suitable for production characters who apply the machine sequence to the production process. CDS produces several iterations that have makespan values, from the few iterations the most minimum makespan value is obtained to determine the order of products to be produced. This research produces an application that can schedule products to be produced by the machine automatically. From the results of testing with a total production of 12 pieces on each product with repetitions of 6 times, the minimum makespan value is 210.12 minutes with a work order of 20, grid 18, griddle 16, griddle 14, and griddle 12. Accuracy of results Application testing showed 99.99% for the first time and 99.96% for the second time when compared to manual calculations.
Application of Internet of Things (IoT) on air pollution monitoring database system
Authors: Sudarsono  , Novianta Muhammad Andang , Parwati Cyrilla Indri
Published: October 2019

In the present work, a database system of air pollution monitoring is developed using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system aims to give structural information and trace of air pollution level at particular monitoring station. The particular monitoring location (node) is connected to IoT/M2M server via GSM network using GPRS feature and display on IoT/M2M application in web form. The database on IoT/M2M contains name, description, and location of the monitoring station, Pollution index and the time when the data are taken. On IoT/M2M, the data are displayed either in a color bar graph or a line graph. The color indicated the index value of the pollution. The data can be accessed via internet on isfuonline.info. The system is tested at laboratory environment to detect CO, SO2, NO2, O3, and PM. The test result shows that the system is worked well. Time required to transfer the monitoring data to the IoT server is about 15 minutes. Meanwhile, response time of the system is 30 minutes.
Occupation as a Proxy for Job Exposures? Routine Data Analysis Using
the Example of Rehabilitation
Authors: Brünger Martin , Bernert Sebastian , Spyra Karla
Published: October 2019

Aim of the study Job exposures are associated with health-related
outcomes including sick leave and reduction in earning capacity. Rehabilitation
of persons in working age aims primarily to secure or restore work capacity.
Information concerning job exposures is, however, not directly available in
routine data of healthcare payers. Since exposures relate to specific
occupations and the current occupation is part of routine data, job exposures
may be determined indirectly via job-exposure matrices (JEM). The aim of the
study is to describe the possibilities and challenges of the representation of
job exposures by the occupation according to routine data using the example of
rehabilitation.

Methods The Scientific Use File ‘SUFRSDLV15B’ of the
German Pension Insurance was analysed. We used data from
n=1 242 171 persons in work with at least one completed
medical rehabilitation between 2008 and 2015 (dataset 1). The occupation is
coded according to KldB 88 or KldB 2010 (German Classification of Occupations).
In addition, data from a nationwide survey with 2530 rehabilitation patients was
available (dataset 2). Job exposures are operationalized by the Job Exposure
Index via JEM. The relationship to the return-to-work prognosis at the end of
rehabilitation (dataset 1) and to patient reported outcome measures (dataset 2)
is described.

Results Information concerning the occupation is available for about
91% of rehabilitation measures of employed patients for the year prior
to rehabilitation. At high levels of job exposures, the proportion of persons
with a predicted working capacity in the last job of fewer than 3 h per
day increased by a factor of 4 compared to low-level job exposures (23.5 vs.
6.1%). On the other hand, there is a low association only to reduced
working capacity in the general labour market (2.9 vs. 2.4%). High-level
job exposures are associated with self-reported, work-related impairments.

Conclusion The Job Exposure Index may offer a valid approach to depict
occupation-related exposures. The index can be used in the analysis of routine
data of the pension insurance and other social security funds, as well as in the
linkage of individual assessment data with routine data containing the
occupation, without any additional data collection effort. Due to its
construction based on job classifications, it will not replace the assessment of
individual burdens.
Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric C–H Borylation Enabled by Chiral Bidentate Boryl Ligands
Authors: Shi Yongjia , Gao Qian , Xu Senmiao
Published: October 2019

Asymmetric synthesis of optically pure organoboron compounds is a topic that has received a number of attentions owing to their particular importance in synthetic chemistry and drug discovery. We herein highlight recent advances in the iridium-catalyzed C–H borylation of diarylmethylamines and cyclopropanes enabled by chiral bidentate boryl ligands.

1 Introduction

2 Ir-Catalyzed Asymmetric C(sp2)–H Borylation of Diarylmethylamines

3 Ir-Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)–H Borylation of Cyclopropanes

4 Conclusion
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathophysiology of Lung Disease
Authors: Bergeron Christelle , Cantin André M.
Published: October 2019

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common, life-threatening, multisystemic, autosomal recessive disorder. In the last few years, giant steps have been made with regard to the understanding of CF pathophysiology, allowing the scientific community to propose mechanisms that cause the myriad of CF clinical manifestations. Following the discovery of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in 1989, the structure and function of the CFTR protein were described. Since then, more than 2,000 variants of the CFTR gene and their impact on the amount and function of the CFTR protein have been reported. The role of the CFTR protein as an ion channel transporting chloride and bicarbonate and its repercussions on different epithelial cell-lined organs and mucus are now better understood. Mechanisms behind susceptibility to infection in CF have also been proposed and include abnormalities in the composition, volume and acidity of the airway surface liquid, changes in the submucosal gland's anatomy and function, and deficiencies in the mucociliary clearance system. Numerous hypotheses explaining the excessive inflammatory response in CF are also debated and involve impaired mucociliary clearance, persistent hypoxia, lipid abnormalities, protease and antiprotease disproportion, and oxidant and antioxidant imbalance. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge of CF pathophysiology, including significant historic discoveries and most recent breakthroughs, and to improve understanding and awareness of this fatal disease.
Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disease in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Gabel Megan E. , Galante Gary J. , Freedman Steven D.
Published: October 2019

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multiorgan disease, and gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations can contribute to significant morbidity and mortality for individuals with CF. Up to 85% of patients with CF experience GI symptoms, thus addressing the GI aspects of this disease is paramount. With the advent of highly effective CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators that are increasingly available, many individuals with CF now have significantly improved life expectancy. With these advances, GI manifestations that can be a detriment to quality of life such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, dysbiosis, and chronic abdominal pain have become a priority for patients and caregivers. In addition, as individuals have increased longevity, it has become essential for care providers to be aware of topics such as hepatobiliary disease and colorectal cancer screening. An understanding of the wide scope of GI manifestations in CF can enable providers to optimize the overall health and well-being of their patients. In this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date overview of key aspects of GI and hepatic disease in CF.
Treating the Airway Consequences of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Dysfunction
Authors: Toprak Demet , Davis Chelsea , Rosenfeld Margaret
Published: October 2019

In cystic fibrosis (CF), absent or dysfunctional CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) on the surface of airway epithelial cells causes abnormal mucociliary clearance, leading to chronic endobronchial infection and inflammation, in turn resulting in life-shortening progressive obstructive lung disease and structural airway damage. Fortunately, CF-specific therapies have been developed that improve lung function and reduce pulmonary exacerbations, contributing significantly to improved survival over the past 4 decades. Therapies not originally developed for CF, such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids, are also widely used by people living with CF. Therapies to be reviewed in this article include mucolytics, airway surface liquid hydrators, anti-inflammatory medications, bronchodilators, inhaled and oral antibiotics, and airway clearance techniques. Determining which therapies to utilize can be challenging, as there is variable evidence for each treatment, differing national guidelines, few head-to-head studies, potential for drug–drug interactions, and synergistic toxicities, as well as issues with burden of care. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of action and available evidence, and compare national guidelines for each major medication used to treat the airway consequences of CFTR dysfunction.
Midline Suboccipital Subtonsillar Approach with C1 Laminectomy for Resection of Foramen Magnum Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Lieber Stefan , Nunez Maximiliano , Evangelista-Zamora Rocio , Tatagiba Marcos
Published: October 2019

We present a case of a medium-sized foramen magnum meningioma that was resected through a midline suboccipital subtonsillar approach with C1 laminectomy in prone (Concorde) position. The patient is a 77-year-old woman with a 6-month history of intermittent vertigo, moderate gait instability, and slight decline of memory.

On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) an extra-axial intradural lesion was discovered that originated from the right epicondylar region just inferior to the jugular tubercle and occupied the anterolateral aspect of the foramen magnum. There was moderate transposition and compression of the medulla at the level of the cerebellar tonsils.

On physical examination the patient was ambulatory independently without motor weakness but exhibited some gait instability. The function of the lower cranial nerves was preserved.

A gross-total resection was achieved, histopathology confirmed a WHO grade-I meningothelial meningioma with a low-proliferation index. The patient was discharged home 5 days after surgery, her gait instability improved significantly immediately after surgery and had resolved completely after 2 weeks of inpatient rehabilitation. There was no other neurological deficit. At 3-month follow-up MRI, there was no indication of meningioma residual or recurrence.

In summary, the midline suboccipital subtonsillar approach is a powerful tool with limited morbidity in the armamentarium for the microsurgical management of a variety of pathologies residing in the posterior cranial fossa and the craniocervical junction. Oftentimes the space created by the pathology opens up corridors that can be exploited for microsurgical access to avoid more extensive surgical approaches.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/0uUxs13ze7w.
Resection of a Neuroenteric Cyst Using a Far Lateral Approach
Authors: Gozal Yair M. , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , DiNapoli Vincent A. , Ringer Andrew J.
Published: October 2019

This operative video highlights a rare case of a neuroenteric cyst at the ventral craniocervical junction. The case involved a 30-year-old man who initially presented 13 years earlier with acute onset of headache and visual changes. At that time, he was found to have a small, enhancing ventral intradural extramedullary mass at the rostral aspect of C1 thought to be a meningioma. The lesion was managed conservatively, and surveillance imaging tracked its slow progressive enlargement to a size of 1.4 cm (Fig. 1A, B). Although he remained asymptomatic, nonurgent elective resection was recommended because of his age and mass progression. The patient underwent a left far lateral approach to the craniocervical junction for resection of the mass. This involved dissection of the suboccipital musculature to expose the C1 transverse process in the suboccipital triangle and ultimately the vertebral artery. After a small craniectomy and C1 hemilaminectomy, the dura was opened and a cystic lesion encountered (Fig. 2). The cystic contents were debulked and the capsule resected. Histopathologic examination revealed abundant goblet cells consistent with a neuroenteric cyst. Dural closure was bolstered with fascia lata and autologous fat graft. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was consistent with gross total resection (Fig. 1C, D). The patient tolerated the procedure well with no new postoperative neurological deficits and was discharged home on postoperative day 2. On completing a 3-day decadron taper, he developed steroid-responsive symptoms consistent with aseptic meningitis, possibly related to cerebrospinal fluid contamination with the cyst contents during resection.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/SskETPe5PXQ.
An improved pulsed electroacoustic system for space charge measurements under high temperatures and arbitrary waveform voltages
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Chen George , Xu Zhiqiang , Yan Jiaqi , Peng Zongren , Liu Peng
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the design and calibration method of an improved pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) system for space charge measurements, including a novel nanosecond pulse generator and an improved electrode system, which can be used under various temperatures and arbitrary waveform voltages. The measurement principle of the PEA system is first analyzed, and the calibration method for the applied voltage is proposed to solve the problem of waveform distortion caused by voltages with different frequency components. For the pulse generator, the main parameters of output pulses are an amplitude of ∼700 V, a full width of 4.6 ns, a jitter of 0.24 ns, and a repetition rate of 10 kHz on the 50 Ω load. For the electrode system, the flexible upper electrode design is first introduced to achieve consistently close contact between the sample and the electrode. Besides, the hybrid heating method and the replaceable coupling capacitor and high voltage electrode head are adopted. Space charge measurements are conducted at different conditions using this PEA system, which includes different temperatures and different voltage waveforms. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the calibration method and the feasibility of the improved PEA system.
On the origin of dislocation generation and annihilation in
α
-Ga2O3 epilayers on sapphire
Authors: Ma T. C. , Chen X. H. , Kuang Y. , Li L. , Li J. , Kremer F. , Ren F.-F. , Gu S. L. , Zhang R. , Zheng Y. D. , Tan H. H. , Jagadish C. , Ye J. D.
Published: October 2019

Epitaxial film quality is critical to the success of high-performance α-Ga2O3 vertical power devices. In this work, the origins of threading dislocation generation and annihilation in thick α-Ga2O3 films heteroepitaxially grown on sapphire by the mist-CVD technique have been examined by means of high-resolution X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopies. By increasing the nominal thickness, screw dislocations exhibit an independent characteristic with a low density of about 1.8 × 106 cm−2, while edge dislocations propagating along the c-axis are dominant, which decrease down to 2.1 × 109 cm−2 in density for an 8 μm-thick α-Ga2O3 layer and exhibit an inverse dependence on the thickness. In the framework of the glide analytical model, parallel edge dislocations are generated at the interface due to the misfit-induced strain relaxation, while the dislocation glide and coalescence result in the annihilation and fusion behaviors. The optimal thick α-Ga2O3 with low dislocation densities may provide a prospective alternative to fully realize α-Ga2O3 power devices.
Two temperature model for thermoacoustic sound generation in thick porous thermophones
Authors: Guiraud Pierre , Giordano Stefano , Bou Matar Olivier , Pernod Philippe , Lardat Raphael
Published: October 2019

Thermoacoustic sound generation offers a promising wideband alternative to mechanically driven loudspeakers. Over the past decade, the development of nanomaterials with new physicochemical properties promoted wide interest in thermophone technology. Indeed, several thermophone structures based on suspended nanowires, graphene sheets, highly porous foams, or sponges have been investigated. At the same time, theoretical models have been developed to predict the frequency and power spectra of these devices. However, most of the models have taken into consideration a solid homogeneous material for representing the thermophone generating layer, and its microstructure was, therefore, neglected. If this assumption holds for thin dense materials, it is not acceptable for thick and porous thermophone devices. Hence, a model able to describe the behavior of highly porous foam- or spongelike generating layers is proposed. It is based on a two-temperature scheme since the thermal equilibrium is not typically attained between the foam material and the embedded air. To do this, the fluid equations for the air are coupled with the heat equation for the solid foam through boundary conditions mimicking the energy exchange at the contact surface between them. The behavior of the main physical variables within the porous generating layer is explained and comparisons with recent experimental results are thoroughly discussed.
Deformation of a vortex ring caused by its impingement on a sphere
Authors: Nguyen Van Luc , Takamure Kotaro , Uchiyama Tomomi
Published: October 2019

The deformation of a vortex ring caused by its impingement on a sphere was numerically investigated using a proposed vortex-in-cell method. The method was validated by simulation of the collision of a vortex ring with a rigid planar surface and proved to be most satisfactory in the analysis of the dynamics of a vortex structure. In a coaxial collision, the behavior of the vortex structure is similar to that in the case of a planar surface. A secondary vortex ring is formed owing to the separation of the boundary layers on the sphere, caused by the effect of the primary vortex ring. The interaction between the secondary and primary vortex rings plays an important role in the dynamics of the vortex structure when the secondary vortex ring is completely formed. In a noncoaxial collision, the structure of the secondary vortex is moderately different from that in the coaxial collision. Moreover, the vortex structure in the coaxial collision is two-dimensional, in which the vorticity field is dominated by two transverse components, whereas that in the noncoaxial collision is three-dimensional. The total kinetic energy in both the cases decreases gradually during the entire period of evolution, whereas the enstrophy reduces in the early stage, then increases considerably, before a gradual reduction in the final stage. The enstrophy reaches a peak when the secondary vortex ring is completely formed, at which stage the effects of vortex stretching and vorticity production at the solid boundary are higher than that of vortex diffusion.
Kinetics analysis of ubiquitin local fluctuations with Markov state modeling of the LE4PD normal modes
Authors: Beyerle Eric R. , Guenza Marina G.
Published: October 2019

Local fluctuations are important for protein binding and molecular recognition because they provide conformational states that can be trapped through a selection mechanism of binding. Thus, an accurate characterization of local fluctuations may be important for modeling the kinetic mechanism that leads to the biological activity of a protein. In this paper, we study the fluctuation dynamics of the regulatory protein ubiquitin and propose a novel theoretical approach to model its fluctuations. A coarse-grained, diffusive, mode-dependent description of fluctuations is accomplished using the Langevin Equation for Protein Dynamics (LE4PD). This equation decomposes the dynamics of a protein, simulated by molecular dynamics, into dynamical pathways that explore mode-dependent free energy surfaces. We calculate the time scales of the slow, high-amplitude fluctuations by modeling the kinetics of barrier crossing in the two-dimensional free energy surfaces using Markov state modeling. We find that the LE4PD predicts slow fluctuations in three important binding regions in ubiquitin: the C-terminal tail, the Lys11 loop, and the 50 s loop. These results suggest that the LE4PD can provide useful information on the role of fluctuations in the process of molecular recognition regulating the biological activity of ubiquitin.
Optical spectroscopy on the photo-response in multiferroic BiFeO3 at high pressure
Authors: Meggle F. , Ebad-Allah J. , Kreisel J. , Kuntscher C. A.
Published: October 2019

The pressure dependence of light-induced effects in single-crystalline BiFeO3 is studied by optical spectroscopy. At low pressures, we observe three light-induced absorption features with energies just below the two crystal-field excitations and the absorption onset, respectively. These absorption features were previously ascribed to excitons, possibly connected with the ultrafast photostriction effect in BiFeO3. The pressure-induced redshift of the absorption features follows the pressure dependence of the corresponding crystal-field excitations and absorption onset, suggesting the link between them. Above the structural phase transition at Pc1≈3.5GPa, the three absorption features disappear, suggesting their connection to the polar phase in BiFeO3. The pressure-induced disappearance of the photoinduced features is irreversible upon pressure release.
Superconductivity and weak anti-localization in GaSb whiskers under strain
Authors: Liakh-Kaguy N. S. , Druzhinin A. A. , Ostrovskii I. , Khoverko Yu. M.
Published: October 2019

Strain influence on the behavior of temperature dependences of resistance was studied in the n-type conductivity GaSb whiskers with tellurium concentration 1.7 1018 сm–3. Analyzing these dependences in the temperature range 4.2–30 K strain inducted metal–insulator transition and partial superconductivity were found in the whiskers. The transverse and longitudinal magnetoresistances for unstrained and strained GaSb whiskers were also studied in ranges of magnetic field 0–3 T and temperature 1.5–60 K. The effects, such as a superconductivity and weak anti-localization were observed for unstrained and strained samples. The upper critical zero magnetic fields for superconductivity suppression were obtained in the whiskers. Strain was shown to decrease the superconductivity in GaSb samples. The strain induced splitting of degenerate level on two components with opposite and parallel spins was found in the n-type conductivity GaSb whiskers due to weak localization and anti-localization effects, respectively.
Magnetic and dielectric properties of solid solutions (1–x)BiFeO3–xYMnO3 multiferroics
Authors: Dovgii V. T. , Kulyk N. N. , Bodnaruk A. V. , Tatarchuk D. D.
Published: October 2019

The magnetic hysteresis loops in fields ranging from 0 to ± 2.5 kOe and the dielectric permittivity ɛ (measured at 1 kHz, 1 MHz, and 8.3 GHz) of composite multiferroic materials (1–х)BiFeO3–xYMnO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0,5) have been studied. Ceramic solid solution samples were prepared using nitrate technology. It was found that the (1–x)BiFeO3–xYMnO3 (0.1 < x < 0.5) compounds are magnetically soft ferromagnetic materials that are sensitive to weak magnetic fields. The coercive field Hc is ∼20–32 Oe. Maximum magnetization was observed for samples with х = 0.35. For samples with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 at Т = 300 K and a frequency of 1 kHz, ɛ ∼17.6–248.6, at a frequency of 1 MHz ɛ ∼7.8–63.2, and at a frequency of 8.3 GHz, ɛ ∼4 ± 0.3.
Influence of the Fermi velocity on the transport properties of the 3D topological insulators
Authors: Korol A. M. , Medvid N. V.
Published: October 2019

We explore the transport of the surface states quasielectrons in the 3D topological insulators through the barriers of various origin: the Fermi velocity and the electrostatic barriers. These barriers are believed to be the rectangular and one-dimensional ones. The transmission coefficient T as the function of the quasiparticle energy E and an angle of incidence θ (transmission spectra) is evaluated with the help of the effective Hamiltonian; the conductivity G is calculated on the base of the Landauer–Buttiker formula. It is shown that the value of T and G significantly depends on the ratio of the Fermi velocities in the barrier and out-of-barrier regions α = vF2/vF1. The dependence of these quantities on the strength of the electrostatic potential is analyzed. We find in particular that the effect of supertunneling manifests itself in the considered structure—being markedly dependent on the value of α. The formula which points out the energy value for which the effect of supertunneling takes place, for different α, is presented. For normal angle of the particle incidence, there is the effect analogous to the Klein paradox. The spectra T(E,θ) and G(E) substantially depend on the interplay of α, energy E and the magnitude of the electrostatic potential. Hence, by changing the problem parameters one can flexibly vary the spectra of T(E,θ) and G(E) in wide limits. The obtained results may be useful for the nanoelectronics based on the topological insulators.
Exciton spectra of Cs1–xRbxPbCl3 solid solution thin films
Authors: Kovalenko E. N. , Yunakova O. N. , Yunakov N. N.
Published: October 2019

The exciton spectra of Cs1–xRbxPbCl3 solid solution thin films are studied in a range of 2–6 eV. The formation of solid solutions stable at room temperature was detected in range of concentrations 0 ≤ х ≤ 0.7. A linear dependence of the exciton band and bandgap width parameters on the concentration was found. Kinks are observed along the temperature dependences of the spectral position Em(T) (x > 0) of the long-wave exciton band at 310 and 320 K that are characteristic of second-order phase transitions. The exciton excitations in CsPbCl3 are found to have a three-dimensional nature, while in Cs1–xRbxPbCl3 (x > 0) solid solutions they are found to be two-dimensional.
Strain hardening and jump-like deformation of microgranular magnesium alloy AZ31 at a temperature of 4.2 K
Authors: Isaev N. V. , Zabrodin P. A. , Polishchuk S. S.
Published: October 2019

Specific features of the strain hardening and unstable (jump-like) deformation of the microgranular magnesium alloy AZ31 deformed by tension at a temperature of 4.2 K were studied. Non-monotonous dependence of the work hardening rate on deformation and small amplitude of jump-like deformation observed at small deformations of the polycrystalline sample annealed after equal channel pressing are considered to indicate the activation of twinning due to an increase in the grain size in annealing.
A frequency-tunable nanomembrane mechanical oscillator with embedded quantum dots
Authors: Yuan Xueyong , Schwendtner Michael , Trotta Rinaldo , Huo Yongheng , Martín-Sánchez Javier , Piredda Giovanni , Huang Huiying , Edlinger Johannes , Diskus Christian , Schmidt Oliver G. , Jakoby Bernhard , Krenner Hubert J. , Rastelli Armando
Published: October 2019

Hybrid systems consisting of a quantum emitter coupled to a mechanical oscillator are receiving increasing attention for fundamental science and potential applications in quantum technologies. In contrast to most of the presented works in this field, in which the oscillator eigenfrequencies are irreversibly determined by the fabrication process, we present here a simple approach to obtain frequency-tunable mechanical resonators based on suspended nanomembranes. The method relies on a micromachined piezoelectric actuator, which we use both to drive resonant oscillations of a suspended Ga(Al)As membrane with embedded quantum dots and to fine-tune their mechanical eigenfrequencies. Specifically, we excite oscillations with frequencies of at least 60 MHz by applying an AC voltage to the actuator and tune the eigenfrequencies by at least 25 times their linewidth by continuously varying the elastic stress state in the membranes through a DC voltage. The light emitted by optically excited quantum dots is used as a sensitive local strain gauge to monitor the oscillation frequency and amplitude. We expect that our method has the potential to be applicable to other optomechanical systems based on dielectric and semiconductor membranes possibly operating in the quantum regime.
Tunable superconducting Josephson dielectric metamaterial
Authors: Trepanier M. , Zhang Daimeng , Filippenko L. V. , Koshelets V. P. , Anlage Steven M.
Published: October 2019

We demonstrate a low-dissipation dielectric metamaterial with tunable properties based on the Josephson effect. Superconducting wires loaded with regularly spaced Josephson junctions (critical current Ic ≈ 0.25 μA) spanning a K-band waveguide and aligned with the microwave electric fields create a superconducting dielectric metamaterial. Applied dc current tunes the cutoff frequency and effective permittivity of this unique electric metamaterial. The results are in agreement with an analytical model for microwave transmission through the artificial dielectric medium.
Effect of dietary fermented oats in different nutrient-density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ileal microorganisms of weanling pigs
Authors: Park J. W. , Li H. L. , Kim J. K. , Nguyen D. H. , Kim I. H.
Published: October 2019

A total of 160 crossbred weanling pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, 28 days old] with an initial bodyweight of 8.01 ± 0.74 kg were used in a 42-day trial (Phase 1: Days 1–14, Phase 2: Days 14–42). The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of fermented oats (FO) to a corn and soybean meal-based diet on the performance of weanling pigs fed with high nutrient-density (HD) and low nutrient-density (LD) diets. Pigs were randomly distributed into one of four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Two levels of nutrient density [LD = 3323 (Phase 1: 1–14 days) and 3269 kcal/kg (Phase 2: 14–42 days); HD = 3446 (Phase 1: 1–14 days) and 3325 kcal/kg (Phase 2: 14–42 days), the differences in dietary energy were based on differences in the content of fish meal, animal fat, corn and FO [0%, 5% (Phase 1) or 2.5% (Phase 2)] were used according to the bodyweight and sex of pigs [8 replicate pens per treatment with 5 pigs in a pen (3 gilts and 2 barrows)]. During the overall trial period (Days 1–42), the average daily gain and gain:feed ratio of pigs fed HD and FO diets were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those of pigs fed with LD and non-fermented oats diets respectively. On Day 14, the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen of the HD groups were significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) than those of the LD groups. The apparent total tract digestibility of energy of the FO groups was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) than that of the non-fermented oats diet groups during the whole experimental period. Pigs fed with FO showed higher (P ≤ 0.05) ileal Lactobacillus and lower (P ≤ 0.05) Escherichia coli counts compared with those fed with the non-fermented oats diet. In conclusion, administration of FO to a LD diet demonstrated beneficial effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ileal microorganisms balance of weanling pigs.
Supplementing 2 g per day bovine lactoferrin from late gestation until weaning did not improve lactation performance of mixed parity sows
Authors: Liu Fan , Hogg Jordon , Kracht Susie , Brewster Chris J. , Henman Dave J. , Athorn Rebecca Z. , Morrison Rebecca S. , Smits Rob J. , Campbell Roger G.
Published: October 2019

Context
Lactoferrin is a non-haem binding protein that possesses antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A previous study showed lactoferrin supplementation from early gestation to weaning improved lactation performance in primiparous sows; however, it is unknown whether the supplementation within a more specified duration (from late gestation to weaning) can improve lactation performance in multiparous sows, which limits its commercial application.

Aims
This experiment investigated the effects of 2 g/day bovine lactoferrin supplementation from late gestation to weaning on lactation performance in mixed parity sows.

Methods
Forty-seven primiparous sows and 167 multiparous sows (up to parity 5; Large White × Landrace, PrimeGro Genetics, Corowa, NSW) were allocated to either a Control diet (2 g/day casein) or Lactoferrin supplement diet (2 g/day lactoferrin) when entering the farrowing house in late gestation (101 ± 4.6 days, mean ± s.d.) balanced by parity (2.4 ± 1.80, mean ± s.d.). Sows were housed individually in farrowing crates and fed the experimental diets until weaning (26 ± 2.5 days, mean ± s.d.). Farrowing outcomes and lactation performance were recorded.

Key results
Lactoferrin supplementation did not affect the number of piglets born alive, number of stillborn piglets, number of mummified fetuses, the percentage of born-light piglets (≤1.1 kg) or piglet pre-fostering survival rate. Cross-fostering within the first 48 h standardised the litter size and litter weight between dietary treatments. Piglet pre-weaning survival rate, litter weight gain, average daily gain of piglets, or coefficient of variation of piglet growth rate was not affected by lactoferrin supplementation. Daily feed intake during lactation, bodyweight and backfat thickness of sows at weaning were similar between the dietary treatments.

Conclusions
Two grams per day lactoferrin supplementation from late gestation to weaning did not affect lactation performance in mixed parity sows.

Implications
The effectiveness of lactoferrin supplementation may depend upon the duration of supplementation, which should be optimised in future studies.
Oceanic and coastal populations of a harvested macroinvertebrate Rochia nilotica in north-western Australia are isolated and may be locally adapted
Authors: Berry Oliver , Richards Zoe , Moore Glenn , Hernawan Udhi , Travers Mike , Gruber Bernd
Published: October 2019

Marine macroinvertebrates support important fisheries throughout the Indo-Pacific, but stocks of species such as trochus (Rochia nilotica) are easily overharvested. In north-western Australia, trochus are taken from inshore reefs by Indigenous Australians and oceanic reefs by artisanal Indonesian fishers. The management of these environmentally distinct regions relies on understanding their spatial interdependencies, yet connectivity between them has not been evaluated empirically. Here, we used genotype-by-sequencing analysis of 514 trochus samples collected from 17 locations (15 in the inshore Kimberley, 2 offshore oceanic sites). Analysis of 5428 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism loci revealed significant genetic subdivision between the oceanic and coastal sites, and a subset of loci exhibited significantly higher subdivision, suggesting they are subject to directional selection. Population differentiation was also evident between the two oceanic sites, but not between coastal sites. Trochus populations from the coastal Kimberley and oceanic reefs represent two genetically and demographically independent units, with preliminary evidence for local adaptation to these distinctive environments. Management strategies for R. nilotica reflect these divisions, but the limited connectivity among oceanic populations indicates that they are vulnerable to overexploitation. Furthermore, their potential adaptive distinctiveness indicates that coastal stocks may be unsuitable for replenishing oceanic stocks.
The antioxidant curcumin postpones ovarian aging in young and middle-aged mice
Authors: Azami Saeideh Hasani , Nazarian Hamid , Abdollahifar Mohammad Amin , Eini Fatemeh , Farsani Mehdi Allahbakhshian , Novin Marefat Ghaffari
Published: October 2019

Reproductive senescence is accompanied by a reduced number and quality of ovarian follicles in response to the accumulation of free radicals and the process of apoptosis. Having selected mice as models, we examined the hypothesis that curcumin as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent might prevent or retard ovarian aging. Female NMRI 21-day-old mice were divided into control, vehicle and curcumin groups. In the treatment group the mice received curcumin at 100mgkg–1day–1 intraperitoneally. After 6, 12 and 33 weeks several parameters were examined including ovarian reserve, oocyte quality, oxidative status, invitro fertilisation and expression of ovulation-related (growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15)) and anti-aging-related (sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) and SIRT-3) genes. Curcumin treatment up to 12 and 33 weeks resulted in increased ovarian volume and number of follicles and was associated with elevated anti-Müllerian hormone and oestrogen and diminished FSH serum levels. Furthermore, enhanced oocyte maturation, fertilisation and embryo development plus reduced oxidative stress were seen in the curcumin group. Also, the expression of GDF-9, BMP-15, SIRT-1 and SIRT-3 genes was increased in the curcumin group. Concerning gestational age, the findings of the study suggested that administration of curcumin could delay the process of oocyte aging in a mouse model.
Defining the gonadotrophin requirement for the selection of a single dominant follicle in cattle
Authors: Gong Jin G. , Campbell Bruce K. , Webb Robert
Published: October 2019

The aim was to define the pattern and physiological concentrations of FSH and LH required for the selection of a single dominant follicle in mono-ovulatory species. A series of five experiments was carried out using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist-induced hypogonadal heifers. Animals were infused with different patterns of either FSH and/or LH followed by an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Follicular response was monitored by ultrasound scanning and blood samples were collected to measure concentrations of FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone. The main findings were: (1) physiological concentrations of FSH given as a continuous infusion and for an adequate duration, in the presence of basal LH, with or without LH pulses, are capable of inducing a superovulatory response, (2) initial exposure to FSH followed by LH pulses alone stimulate the development of multiple preovulatory follicles, confirming that ovarian follicles are capable of transferring dependence on gonadotrophins from FSH to LH, (3) while LH pulses appear not to have a major effect on the pattern of preovulatory follicle development, adequate LH pulsatile support is required for full oestradiol synthesis and (4) the duration of initial exposure to FSH and the ability to transfer the dependence from FSH to LH are critical for the selection of a single dominant follicle. In conclusion, this experimental series confirms that the duration of initial exposure to FSH and the ability of the selected follicle to transfer its gonadotrophic dependence from FSH to LH are critical for the selection of a single dominant follicle in cattle.
Application of embryo biopsy and sex determination via polymerase chain reaction in a commercial equine embryo transfer program in Argentina
Authors: Riera F. L. , Roldán J. E. , Espinosa J. M. , Fernandez J. E. , Ortiz I. , Hinrichs K.
Published: October 2019

Embryo biopsy for fetal sexing has clinical application, but few reports are available of its use within an active embryo transfer program. We evaluated results on biopsy of 459 embryos over one breeding season. There were no significant differences in pregnancy rate between biopsied and non-biopsied embryos (72% vs 73%) or for biopsied embryos recovered at the centre (73%) compared with those shipped overnight (72%). However, the pregnancy rate decreased significantly in shipped embryos biopsied ≥20h after collection. Overall, 86% of biopsies provided a sex diagnosis. The likelihood of a positive genomic (g) DNA result was significantly higher for biopsies from large blastocysts (96%) than from smaller embryos (70–85%). In total, 38% of biopsies were positive for Y chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) and were diagnosed as male. Subsequently, 95% of Y-DNA-positive embryos were confirmed as male and 78% of Y-DNA-negative embryos were confirmed as female. The accuracy of prediction of female (Y-DNA negative) was significantly higher when the biopsy sample was probed for Y-DNA only compared with probing for both gDNA and Y-DNA. We estimate that by transferring only Y-DNA-negative embryos, 3% of potential female pregnancies may have been lost, and production of male pregnancies was reduced by 72%.