bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on Exploring the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Significance of Indigofera astragalina
Authors: Rajani V. , Umadevi S. , Naga Raju C.
Published: January 2024

Indigofera astragalina, a versatile medicinal plant, has gained significant attention because of its rich phytochemical composition and diverse therapeutic properties. I. astragalina contains sterols, phenolics, alkaloids, and flavonoids, making it ideal for a variety of therapeutic purposes. In this review, an in-depth look at the phytoconstituents and their biological activity is presented. The anti-microbial properties of the plant extracts have been demonstrated against drug-resistant Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to vancomycin and methicillin. Moreover, the plant exhibits moderate to potent anti-protozoal activity against Trypanosoma brucei and weak anti-protozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum. In various cancer cell lines, astragalin extracts have demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects, suggesting their potential as anti-cancer agents. Due to its high phenolic content, the plant has an antioxidant effect, which has contributed to its traditional use for managing oxidative stress. In addition, I. astragalina is packed with essential amino acids, minerals (such as iron, manganese, and zinc), and vitamins. The comprehensive analysis of I. astragalina emphasizes its important role in drug discovery, nutrition, and healthcare, as well as its tremendous therapeutic potential.
Genistein Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Regulating Th17/Treg Cell Balance: Implication for the G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor
Authors: Shu Baolian , Wu Youxing , Wang Xiaoyang , Hu Jianlan , Zhang Danxia , Gong Xianghao , He Saiqi , Xie Yangzhi , Chen Xuan , Gui Ruohu
Published: January 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of genistein on dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC).

Materials and Methods

A DSS-induced mouse model for UC was used in this study. Mice were then treated with genistein or a combination of genistein and the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) antagonist G15. Colon length, disease activity index (DAI), spleen index (SI), histopathological alterations, and integrity of the colonic barrier were evaluated. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant capacity were detected. Populations of T helper 17 cells (Th17) and Regulatory T cells (Treg) in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were analyzed. The expression of a transcription factor for Th17 and Treg in the colonic tissues was detected.

Results

Genistein treatment significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis, summarized as increased colonic length, decreased DAI, SI, improved histopathological alterations, and colonic barrier integrity. Genistein treatment restrained pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative enzyme release while promoting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative enzyme release. Flow cytometry indicated that genistein significantly reduced the Th17 population while boosting Treg populations. Furthermore, genistein inhibited the expression of transcription factors associated with Th17 and promoted the expression of transcription factors associated with Treg in the colonic tissue. Intriguingly, these observed effects of genistein were abolished when UC mice were treated with a combination of genistein and GPER antagonist G15.

Conclusion

This study suggests that genistein is potent in protecting against DSS-induced colonic injuries by rebalancing Th17/Treg and that GPER may be a vital target for genistein-mediated immunomodulatory effects in UC.
Erythropoietin in Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia—A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Charki Siddu , Patil S. V. , Vijayakumar S. , Kolkar Yalagurswamy
Published: January 2024

Aims

To assess the safety and feasibility of erythropoietin (EPO) in asphyxiated neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH).

Subjects and methods

This study enrolled 60 neonates with HIE undergoing TH. 30 neonates were divided into EPO with TH group, where neonates received EPO (dose), at a dose rate of 1000 IU/kg/48 hours, for four doses and the remaining 30 neonates undergoing TH were into control group. Magnetic resonance imaging brain was undertaken between 10 and 14 days of life in surviving neonates. The Bayley Scales of Infant (BSI) Development IV was performed at regular intervals up to the age of 12 months.

Results

Amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) showed burst suppression (19% vs. 11%), low voltage (10% vs. 4%), and flat trace (7% vs. 3%) in control group in comparison with EPO concurrent with TH group which was statistically significant. Brain magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) done at 12 days (±2 days) showed significant brain injury patterns such as severe brain injury (4% vs. 9% P = .05) and regional specific HIE (7% vs. 13%, P = .03) in control group of only TH neonates. At 12 months, neurodevelopment outcomes in EPO with TH group neonates showed a favorable outcome.

Conclusion

rhEPO concurrent with TH in HIE neonates resulted in significantly less severe brain injuries in MRI brain in HIE neonates. aEEG changes were less statistically significant in EPO with TH group with favorable neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months of age.
Sex, Power, and Violence: What Do the Rape Incidents in Susan Brownmiller's Against Our Will Actually Show?
Authors: Lankford Adam , Evans Hannah Rae
Published: January 2024

Susan Brownmiller's groundbreaking book, Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape, brought much-needed attention to a tremendously understudied crime and exposed many dangerous misconceptions. However, it also inspired a massive debate about whether sexual violence is primarily driven by desires for sex or power, and that argument persists today. For this study, we treated the book's incidents ( N = 245) as data, instead of as a narrative, and systematically analyzed them. Overall, our findings suggest many perpetrators identified by Brownmiller may have been sexually frustrated, and multiple aspects of their behavior indicate they were seeking sexual relief. At the same time, many also seemed to be seeking increased sexual power to fulfill their desires, and a small subset may have specifically sought revenge against women. Together, these results suggest a potential middle ground exists amidst a polarized debate between scholars with adversarial perspectives.
Predictive Value of Pulmonary Artery Distensibility for Short-Term Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Yang Fei , Chen Rong , Yang Yue , Yu Yaxi , Yang Zhixiang , Zou Dianjun , Pang Zhiying , Wang Dawei
Published: January 2024

We aimed to explore the relationship between pulmonary artery distensibility obtained from computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and short-term adverse clinical outcomes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE). We included patients who underwent retrospective electrocardiogram-gated CTPA and were subsequently diagnosed with APE. Patients were categorized into good and poor outcome groups based on short-term clinical outcomes. Pulmonary artery distensibility (AD), right ventricle/left ventricle (RV/LV) ratio, and pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI) were measured, and the receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed. Sixty-four patients with APE (good outcome, 46; poor outcome, 18) were enrolled. AD, RV/LV ratio, and PAOI differed significantly between groups (P < 0.05). Pulmonary artery AD in the good outcome group was greater than that in the poor outcome group (P < 0.001). The poor outcome group exhibited a higher RV/LV ratio and PAOI than the good outcome group (P < 0.05). AD and PAOI were independent predictors of adverse clinical outcomes. Areas under the curve for AD and PAOI were 0.860 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.750–0.934) and 0.675 (95%CI: 0.546–0.786), and the combined curve of the AD and RV/LV ratio was 0.906 (95%CI: 0.806–0.965). The calibration curve showed a combined curve superior to the other curves. The decision curve showed high clinical application value of the combined curve. Retrospective electrocardiogram-gated CTPA-derived AD could serve as an indicator for predicting short-term adverse clinical outcomes in APE. Combining AD and PAOI has a high predictive value for short-term adverse clinical outcomes.
An innovative approach to vibration signal denoising and fault diagnosis using attention-enriched joint learning
Authors: Xiang Feifan , Wang Zili , Qiu Lemiao , Zhang Shuyou , Zhu Linhao , Zhang Huang , Tan Jianrong
Published: January 2024

Vibration signals play a crucial role in mechanical fault diagnosis. However, they are susceptible to various noise disturbances, presenting challenges for reliable fault detection. We propose an end-to-end Cross-task Attention Joint Learning (CTA-JL) model that concurrently denoises and diagnoses faults in noisy signals. This model utilizes a multi-task encoder, composed of task-shared and task-specific feature encoding units, along with a feature information exchange unit with a Cross-task Attention (CTA) mechanism, fostering information exchange across different tasks. By collectively executing diagnosis and denoising tasks and sharing valuable task information, the model enhances prediction accuracy and denoising performance. Under three noise conditions of SNR = −9 dB, −6 dB, and −3 dB, the prediction accuracy of CTA-JL on the rolling bearing datasets reached 91.38%, 97.95%, and 99.69%, respectively. Meanwhile, the result on elevator guide system datasets reached 87.31%, 95.58%, and 99.64%
Safeguarding the “Internet of Things” for Victim-Survivors of Domestic and Family Violence: Anticipating Exploitative Use and Encouraging Safety-by-Design
Authors: Brown Andi , Harkin Diarmaid , Tanczer Leonie Maria
Published: January 2024

Smart, Internet-connected devices—the so-called “Internet of Things” (IoT)—pose significant threats to victim-survivors of domestic and family violence (DFV). IoT systems have been used to abuse, harass, monitor, intimidate, and gaslight victim-survivors. We present findings from an abusability analysis that examined 13 IoT devices and allowed us to make several observations about common vulnerabilities to victim-survivors of DFV. We argue that IoT manufacturers must be encouraged to factor in the implications of DFV in the design of their products. Additionally, technology-facilitated abuse in DFV contexts must feature in industry and government safety-by-design approaches. Our results suggest ways IoT devices can be modified at low cost to alleviate opportunities for misuse, and we endorse IoT manufacturers to consider those risks early in the design stage.
On the inflation, bulging/necking bifurcation and post-bifurcation of a cylindrical membrane under limited extensibility of its constituents
Authors: Topol Heiko , Font Alejandro , Melnikov Andrey , Lacalle Jesús , Stoffel Marcus , Merodio José
Published: January 2024

We consider the bifurcation and post-bifurcation of an extended and inflated circular cylindrical membrane under limited extensibility of its constituents. First, for illustration of the limited extensibility effect, a membrane made of the (isotropic) Gent model is briefly analyzed. Second, the membrane is considered to be made of an isotropic ground substance reinforced with fibers symmetrically arranged in two helically distributed families which are mechanically equivalent. The mechanical behavior of the fibers in a similar way to the (isotropic) Gent model is taken to reflect fiber limited extensibility. In particular, the materials under consideration are NH models augmented with two functions called reinforcing models, each one accounting for unidirectional reinforcement. For a specific material, since both families are mechanically equivalent, the reinforcing models are equal. The nature of the anisotropy considered, i.e., the reinforcing model, can depend only on the stretch in the fiber direction or can depend on the fiber stretch and also can have an influence on the shear response of the material (i.e., it also captures shearing in the fiber direction). The limitation associated with the material anisotropic deformability as well as the arrangement of the material constituents is discussed with respect to the initiation of bulging and necking for the membrane. The subsequent consequences for configurations in equilibrium during post-bifurcation are also studied in detail and a variety of results are given in terms of the limited extensibility (deformability) of the fibers as well as their mechanical response and arrangement (fiber winding angle).
Parental Report of Remission in ADHD: Results From a Community-Based, Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Barnard-Brak Lucy
Published: January 2024

Objective:

Various studies have examined rates of remission in ADHD with mixed results.

Method:

Survival curve analyses were performed on a community-based sample.

Results:

The results of the current study appear to support the contemporary literature that rates of remission in ADHD are lower than have been found in many earlier studies. The current study also reports a mean age of remission in ADHD of around 14 years old, which has not been previously reported via survival curve analyses. Additionally, the results of the current study found several variables to be significantly associated with remission in ADHD which included: the presence of comorbid disorder; lower symptoms of ADHD; sex of the child (being female); and the receipt of behavioral treatment.

Conclusion:

Implications and limitations are discussed as related to these findings.
Development and evaluation of the sandwich edgewise compression after impact test
Authors: Kuramoto Bradley K. , Stanfield Marcus L. , Adams Daniel O.
Published: January 2024

A compression after impact test method has been developed to assess the damage tolerance of sandwich structures under edgewise compressive loading. This test method, recently standardized as ASTM D8287, was designed to test specimens that have been impact damaged per ASTM D7766. The fixture design utilizes end loading with top and bottom edge supports to prevent end-brooming and out-of-plane rotation. Additionally, knife edge side supports provide out-of-plane restraint to buckling, similar to the existing laminate edgewise compression after impact test fixture. The sandwich configurations investigated were constructed from glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy facesheets with a Nomex honeycomb core. Mechanical testing was conducted to evaluate the proposed specimen design, fixturing, and test procedure. Finite element analysis was used to verify the strain gage placement and damage size limits.
Advances in lymphedema: An under-recognized disease with a hopeful future for patients
Authors: Carroll Brett J , Singhal Dhruv
Published: January 2024

Lymphedema has traditionally been underappreciated by the healthcare community. Understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and treatments beyond compression have been limited until recently. Increased investigation has demonstrated the key role of inflammation and resultant fibrosis and adipose deposition leading to the clinical sequelae and associated reduction in quality of life with lymphedema. New imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), indocyanine green lymphography, and high-frequency ultrasound offer improved resolution and understanding of lymphatic anatomy and flow. Nonsurgical therapy with compression, exercise, and weight loss remains the mainstay of therapy, but growing surgical options show promise. Physiologic procedures (lymphovenous anastomosis and vascularized lymph node transfers) improve lymphatic flow in the diseased limb and may reduce edema and the burden of compression. Debulking, primarily with liposuction to remove the adipose deposition that has accumulated, results in a dramatic decrease in limb girth in appropriately selected patients. Though early, there are also exciting developments of potential therapeutic targets tackling the underlying drivers of the disease. Multidisciplinary teams have developed to offer the full breadth of evaluation and current management, but the development of a greater understanding and availability of therapies is needed to ensure patients with lymphedema have greater opportunity for optimal care.
Birth by emergency caesarean delivery: Perspectives of Wāhine Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Lawrie Felicia Airini , Mitchell Yvonne Awhina , Barrett-Young Ashleigh , Clifford Amanda Ellen
Published: January 2024

In Aotearoa New Zealand, wāhine Māori (Māori women) are overrepresented in several negative post-natal outcomes, including negative outcomes related to caesarean deliveries. We aimed to understand the experiences of wāhine Māori who had experienced a caesarean delivery and to identify how healthcare systems can better meet the needs of wāhine Māori during pre- and post-natal care. Using kaupapa Māori principles, thematic analysis of one-on-one interviews identified eight themes covering a range of issues related to overall wellbeing. Bodily autonomy and choice were discussed by all participants, as was the need for mental wellbeing to be a larger focus of perinatal care. Participants also shared positive encounters with midwives and nurses, as well as a desire to incorporate religious and cultural practices within perinatal care. The caesarean delivery birthing stories of wāhine Māori highlighted the importance of Māori health models in understanding and providing culturally-affirming healthcare to wāhine Māori across Aotearoa.
Effects of COVID-19 measures on access to HIV/STI testing and condoms among adults in Sweden: a cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Hentges Maike , Kågesten Anna E. , Brandén Gunnar , Kosidou Kyriaki , Michielsen Kristien , Ekström Anna Mia , Larsson Elin C.
Published: January 2024

Aims:

To investigate the self-reported impact of COVID-19 measures on access to testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and condoms and factors associated with reduced access among adults in Sweden.

Methods:

Cross-sectional data were collected in late 2020 through a web panel with adults (18-49 years) in Sweden as part of the International Sexual Health And REproductive health survey (I-SHARE) ( N=1307). The primary outcome was self-reported access to HIV/STI testing and condoms during COVID-19 measures. Logistic regression was used to assess adjusted odds ratios of experiencing reduced access to HIV/STI testing and condoms in relation to sociodemographic characteristics, changes in sexual behaviours and COVID-19-related factors.

Results:

Of the 1138 sexually active respondents, 17% wanted an HIV/STI test, and of those over half (57%) reported reduced access during the COVID-19 measures in 2020. Compared with cis-women, transgender or non-binary respondents were more likely to experience lower access to testing. Among those who usually used condoms ( n=568), 23% reported hampered condom access due to COVID-19 restrictions. Reduced condom access was associated with identifying as non-cis gender and a cis-man compared with cis-woman, non-heterosexual orientation, being foreign-born and financially worried.

Conclusions:

Findings indicate that access to HIV/STI testing and condoms among sexually active adults of reproductive age in Sweden was disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 with varied impact depending on sexual orientation, gender identity or socioeconomic situation. This signals the importance of ensuring equitable access to sexual and reproductive health services and commodities in future crises response.
Improvisation, collective structure, and culture change: A theory of bricolage
Authors: Liu Jules Zhao
Published: January 2024

The concept of bricolage was formulated by Lévi-Strauss in The Savage Mind to provide an analogy for how mythical thought works. In the following decades, scholars have frequently deployed the concept, not only in anthropology, but also in sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Inheriting Lévi-Strauss's structuralism, French-speaking scholarship has tended to emphasize the structural patterns or constraints of bricolage, while English-speaking scholars have shown more interest in the individuality, subjectivity, or contingency of bricolage. This article seeks to integrate the merits of both strands of scholarships, transcend the collectivist/individualistic divisions, and develop bricolage into a multidimensional concept: Bricolage is a generative principle of regulated improvisation responding to restrictive or limited conditions. My ethnographic study of Kitchen God worship in one region of China shows that the entire process of creating bricolage is an individual embodiment of collective structure. Although bricolage is a product of structure intended to reproduce the structure, it can occasionally affect or change the structure. Thus, it is an important micro mechanism for culture change.
Reclaiming site analysis from co-sensing to co-ideation: A collective cartography strategy and tactical trajectories
Authors: Heyik Muhammet ali , OZER Derya Gulec , Abarca-Alvarez Francisco Javier , Romero-Martínez José María
Published: January 2024

This study introduces a collective cartography strategy for analyzing complex urban spaces. It was applied during a 7-day Erasmus + workshop with 46 participants from universities in Spain, Turkey, Portugal, and Poland, representing various backgrounds such as urban planning, architecture, heritage, information technologies, and tourism. The workshop's objective was to identify critical urban issues and generate sustainable and multisensory urban space concepts. The impact of this strategy, from co-sensing to co-ideation, was evaluated by its influence on collaboration and the development of self-generated tactics during the process. Within this context, we explored various group tactics, including multisensor data collection, multi-criteria-based analysis, crowdsourcing for site diagnosis, and distributed collaboration to enhance diverse perspectives and narratives. The findings, outputs, and reflections from participants indicate highly interactive, productive, and inclusive co-creation settings. These were facilitated through a web-based virtual collective space (Doyoucity) and a crowdsourcing mobile app for on-site data collection and analysis (Fulcrum).
The challenges and opportunities of hybrid education with location asynchrony: Implications for education policy
Authors: Mayer Selina , Abou Refaie Reem , Uebernickel Falk
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted traditional on-site education. One currently deployed alternative is hybrid education formats, which combine online and on-site elements. Educators, educational institutions, and policymakers need to understand the challenges and opportunities hybrid education can pose to both students and educators to orchestrate these formats successfully. This is especially true when hybrid education allows asynchrony of the learning location, for example, allowing students to choose whether to attend online or on-site. To understand these challenges and opportunities, we deployed a qualitative research design and identified three challenges and three opportunities of hybrid education, allowing location asynchrony, based on two data sources, interviews with educators and open-ended survey answers from students. First, we describe these findings and highlight three larger underlying themes (balancing flexibility with complexity, the challenge of interpersonal connectedness in highly diverse settings, and digital proficiency), including sometimes opposing perspectives of students and educators. As a second step, we matched existing policy guidelines from the European Union with the status quo from our data, and as a result, we identified and discussed four policy implications.
Immediate procedural safety of adjunctive proximal coil occlusion in middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematomas: Experience in 137 cases
Authors: Campos Jessica K , Meyer Benjamen M , Zarrin David A , Khan Muhammad Waqas , Collard de Beaufort Jonathan C , Amin Gizal , Avery Michael B , Golshani Kiarash , Beaty Narlin B , Bender Matthew T , Colby Geoffrey P , Lin Li-Mei , Coon Alexander L
Published: January 2024

Background

Endovascular embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) has emerged as an adjunctive and stand-alone modality for the management of chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH). We report our experience utilizing proximal MMA coil embolization to augment cSDH devascularization in MMA embolization.

Methods

MMA embolization cases with adjunctive proximal MMA coiling were retrospectively identified from a prospectively maintained IRB-approved database of the senior authors.

Results

Of the 137 cases, all patients (n = 89, 100%) were symptomatic and underwent an MMA embolization procedure for cSDH. 50 of the patients underwent bilateral embolizations, with 53% (n = 72) for left-sided and 47% (n = 65) for right-sided cSDH. The anterior MMA branch was embolized in 19 (14%), posterior in 16 (12%), and both in 102 (74.5%) cases. Penetration of the liquid embolic to the contralateral MMA or into the falx was present in 38 (28%) and 31 (23%) cases, respectively, and 46 (34%) cases had ophthalmic or petrous collateral (n = 41, 30%) branches. MMA branches coiled include the primary trunk (25.5%, n = 35), primary and anterior or posterior MMA trunks (20%, n = 28), or primary with the anterior and posterior trunks (54%, n = 74). A mild ipsilateral facial nerve palsy was reported, which remained stable at discharge and follow-up. Absence of anterograde flow in the MMA occurred in 137 (100%) cases, and no cases required periprocedural rescue surgery for cSDH evacuation. The average follow-up length was 170 ± 17.9 days, cSDH was reduced by 4.24 ± 0.5(mm) and the midline shift by 1.46 ± 0.27(mm). Complete resolution was achieved in 63 (46.0%) cases.

Conclusion

Proximal MMA coil embolization is a safe technique for providing additional embolization/occlusion of the MMA in cSDH embolization procedures. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential added efficacy of this technique.
Biopolymer-loaded plasma-mediated multi-functional finishes of polypropylene fabrics
Authors: Abou-Taleb Marwa , El-Sayed Hosam
Published: January 2024

Polypropylene (PP) has unique competitiveness with other synthetic fibers due to its suitable spinnability, availability of raw materials, and low processing cost. PP fabric exhibits excellent chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, such as a light texture, adequate tensile strength, and resistance to most chemicals. However, the absence of reactive functional groups in PP fiber, besides its high crystallinity, results in hydrophobic surface, low affinity to dyestuffs, and poor antistatic properties, which restrict its use in the clothing field. Herein, a water- and energy-saving, eco-friendly finish is proposed to render PP desired properties suitable for textile applications. The surface of PP fabric was activated using oxygen and nitrogen plasma radiations. The plasma-irradiated PP fabric was post-treated with two renewable eco-friendly proteinic biopolymers, namely gelatin and sericin, in the presence and absence of a crosslinking agent. The effects of different process conditions on the properties of the modified PP, including the duration of plasma exposure, the concentration of biopolymer, and treatment temperature were monitored. The affinity of the treated PP fabric towards anionic and cationic dyes was evaluated. The findings of this study demonstrated that the comfort attributes of the plasma/biopolymer-finished fabrics, such as the induced antistatic properties, wettability, and ultraviolet protection, were remarkably improved. The plasma-mediated biopolymer-finished PP fabrics were found dyeable with cationic and anionic dyes. The change in the chemical and morphological structures of PP fabrics was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
Electrocardiographic and genetic characteristics in first degree relatives of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy probands: A descriptive cross-sectional study from Vietnam
Authors: Phan Phong Dinh , Tran Viet Tuan , Pham Minh Nhat , Mai Anh Trung , An Dat Tuan , Pham Hung Manh
Published: January 2024

Objectives

In order to study the phenotype-genotype relationship and to better understand the early consequences of the mutation, we would report the spectrum of electrocardiographic and genetic features in the relatives of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients.

Methods

Participants underwent a comprehensive clinical assessment, electrocardiography, standardized and echocardiography and genetic testing. In probands, next-generation sequencing was performed using the gene panel associated with HCM, while in relatives, Sanger sequencing was used to screen for mutations identified in their individual probands.

Results

A total of 84 participants were included in this study. The interventricular septal and posterior wall thickness was highest in the G+/LVH+ group, followed by the G+/LVH− group, and was lowest in G−/LVH− group. Compared to the normal control group, the pathologic Q wave was statistically more prevalent in the G+/LVH− group. The prevalence of repolarization abnormalities and major abnormalities was highest in the G+/LVH+ group, followed by the G+/LVH− group, and lowest in G−/LVH− group.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that sarcomere mutations have early consequences on myocardial biology. These findings suggest the possibility of implementing a mutation carrier detection model within families affected by HCM, where ECG could play a central role when combined with other relevant clinical factors. Longitudinal studies on a cohort of G+/LVH− patients are required.
“Guttmann Cognitest®,” a digital solution for assessing cognitive performance in adult population: A feasibility and usability pilot study
Authors: Roca-Ventura Alba , Solana-Sánchez Javier , Heras Eva , Anglada Maria , Missé Jan , Ulloa Encarnació , García-Molina Alberto , Opisso Eloy , Bartrés-Faz David , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Tormos-Muñoz Josep M. , Cattaneo Gabriele
Published: January 2024

Background

As the world population continues to age, the prevalence of neurological diseases, such as dementia, poses a significant challenge to society. Detecting cognitive impairment at an early stage is vital in preserving and enhancing cognitive function. Digital tools, particularly mHealth, offer a practical solution for large-scale population screening and prompt follow-up assessments of cognitive function, thus overcoming economic and time limitations.

Objective

In this work, two versions of a digital solution called Guttmann Cognitest® were tested.

Methods

Two hundred and one middle-aged adults used the first version (Group A), while 132 used the second one, which included improved tutorials and practice screens (Group B). This second version was also validated in an older age group (Group C).

Results

This digital solution was found to be highly satisfactory in terms of usability and feasibility, with good acceptability among all three groups. Specifically for Group B, the system usability scale score obtained classifies the solution as the best imaginable in terms of usability.

Conclusions

Guttmann Cognitest® has been shown to be effective and well-perceived, with a high potential for sustained engagement in tracking changes in cognitive function.
Evaluation of information provided to patients by ChatGPT about chronic diseases in Spanish language
Authors: Soto-Chávez María Juliana , Bustos Marlon Mauricio , Fernández-Ávila Daniel G. , Muñoz Oscar Mauricio
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Artificial intelligence has presented exponential growth in medicine. The ChatGPT language model has been highlighted as a possible source of patient information. This study evaluates the reliability and readability of ChatGPT-generated patient information on chronic diseases in Spanish.

Methods

Questions frequently asked by patients on the internet about diabetes mellitus, heart failure, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were submitted to ChatGPT. Reliability was assessed by rating responses as (1) comprehensive, (2) correct but inadequate, (3) some correct and some incorrect, (4) completely incorrect, and divided between “good” (1 and 2) and “bad” (3 and 4). Readability was evaluated with the adapted Flesch and Szigriszt formulas.

Results

And 71.67% of the answers were “good,” with none qualified as “completely incorrect.” Better reliability was observed in questions on diabetes and RA versus heart failure (p = 0.02). In readability, responses were “moderately difficult” (54.73, interquartile range (IQR) 51.59–58.58), with better results for CKD (median 56.1, IQR 53.5–59.1) and RA (56.4, IQR 53.7–60.7), than for heart failure responses (median 50.6, IQR 46.3–53.8).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that the ChatGPT tool can be a reliable source of information in spanish for patients with chronic diseases with different reliability for some of them, however, it needs to improve the readability of its answers to be recommended as a useful tool for patients.
Sports Media Research in the Slovenian Context: Mapping Trends and Suggestions for the Future
Authors: Poteko Kaja
Published: January 2024

This article provides an overview and analysis of how the study of sport at the intersection with the media has developed in the Slovenian context over the last three decades. The first part of the article briefly explains the importance and role of sport and media in the broader social context. By looking in particular at sports journalism and introducing the Slovenian context, the purpose of the study is clarified. The second part identifies and reviews all academic research contributions published on the highlighted intersection and during the selected period. Based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the most frequently addressed aspects of the sports media system, the main research topics identified and the media outlets studied, the main findings are summarized and highlighted. While studies addressing different aspects of nationality predominate, attention to gendered nationalism is highlighted as particularly valuable in the context of studies focusing on gender and its intersections. Event-oriented and decontextualized sports content is problematized in the context of recent studies focusing on some aspects of sports journalism. In the final section of the article, some guidelines are formulated to encourage further research in (and of) this geographical area (and beyond).
Evaluating the Reliability of YouTube as a Source of Information for Meniscal Ramp Lesions
Authors: D’Ambrosi Riccardo , Annibaldi Alessandro , Carrozzo Alessandro , Vieira Thais Dutra , An Jae-Sung , Freychet Benjamin , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand
Published: January 2024

Background:

Videos uploaded to YouTube do not go through a review process, and therefore, videos related to medial meniscal ramp lesions may have little educational value.

Purpose:

To assess the educational quality of YouTube videos regarding ramp lesions of the meniscus.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

A standard search was performed on the YouTube website using the following terms: “ramp lesion” and “posterior meniscal detachment” and “ramp” and “meniscocapsular” and “meniscotibial detachment,” and the top 100 videos based on the number of views were included for analysis. The video duration, publication data, and number of likes and views were retrieved, and the videos were categorized based on video source (health professionals, orthopaedic company, private user), the type of information (anatomy, biomechanics, clinical examination, overview, radiologic, surgical technique), and video content (education, patient support, patient experience/testimony).The content analysis of the information on the videos was evaluated with the use of the DISCERN instrument (score range, 16-80), the Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA) benchmark criteria (score range, 0-4), and the Global Quality Score (GQS; score range, 1-5).

Results:

A total of 74 videos were included. Of these videos, 70 (94.6%) were published by health professionals, while the remaining 4 (5.4%) were published by orthopaedic companies. Most of the videos were about surgical technique (n = 36; 48.6%) and all had an educational aim (n = 74; 100%). The mean length of the videos was 10.35 ± 17.65 minutes, and the mean online period was 18.64 ± 13.85 months. The mean DISCERN score, JAMA benchmark score, and GQS were 31.84 ± 17.14 (range, 16-72), 1.65 ± 0.87 (range, 1-4), and 2.04 ± 1.21 (range, 1-5), respectively. Videos that reported an overview about ramp lesions were the best in terms of quality for DISCERN and JAMA benchmark score, while biomechanics videos were the best according to GQS. The worst category of videos was about surgical technique, with all having lower scores.

Conclusion:

The educational content of YouTube regarding medial meniscal ramp lesions showed low quality and validity based on DISCERN score, JAMA benchmark score, and GQS.
On the Interplay of Motivational Characteristics and Academic Achievement: The Role of Need for Cognition
Authors: Strobel Anja , Strobel Alexander , Preckel Franzis , Steinmayr Ricarda
Published: January 2024

While intelligence and motivational variables are well-established predictors of academic achievement, Need for Cognition (NFC), the stable intrinsic motivation to engage in and enjoy challenging intellectual activity, has not yet been considered comprehensively in this field, especially not longitudinally. By applying latent change score modeling, we examined the incremental value of NFC, considering well-established motivational constructs and prior achievement in the prediction of academic achievement across different subjects in a longitudinal approach across two time points in a sample of secondary school students ([Formula: see text] = 271, [Formula: see text] = 255). Correlations of NFC with grades were comparable to those of established predictors. NFC incrementally predicted academic achievement over and above prior achievement and ability self-concept. A mutual influence of NFC and academic achievement was found pointing to skill development as well as self-enhancement processes taking place in this interplay. Consequently, we propose to include NFC in models for the comprehensive explanation of academic achievement in school.
Dental Surgical Activity in Hospitals during COVID-19: A Nationwide Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Booth J. , Fowler A.J. , Pearse R. , Dias P. , Wan Y.I. , Witton R. , Abbott T.E.F.
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

The number of surgical extractions performed in hospitals in England remains unclear. This study reports the volume of surgical extractions conducted in hospitals and change in activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

We conducted a nationwide observational cohort study using Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) in England for patients undergoing surgical removal of a tooth (defined using OPSC-4 code F09) between April 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Procedures were stratified by age, gender, and urgency (elective or nonelective), reported using descriptive statistics, number, and percentage. We conducted post hoc modeling to predict surgical activity to December 2023. In addition, we contrasted this with aggregate national data on simple dental extraction procedures and drainage of dental abscesses in hospital as well as dental activity in general practice.

Results:

We identified a total of 569,938 episodes for the surgical removal of a tooth (females 57%). Of these, 493,056/569,938 (87%) were for adults and 76,882/569,938 (13%) children ≤18 years. Surgical extractions were most frequent in adult females. Elective cases accounted for 96% ( n = 548,805/569,938) of procedures. The median number of procedures carried out per quarter was 27,256, dropping to 12,003 during the COVID-19 pandemic, representing a 56% reduction in activity. This amounted to around 61,058 cancelled procedures. Modeling predicts that this activity has not returned to prepandemic levels.

Conclusions:

The number of surgical extractions taking place in hospitals during the pandemic fell by 56%. The true impact of this reduction is unknown, but delayed treatment increases the risk of complications, including life-threatening infections.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

The result of this study provides an evidence-based overview of the trends relating to surgical extractions of teeth in England taking place in hospitals. This information can be used to inform service and workforce planning to meet the needs of patients requiring surgical extractions. The data also provide an insight into the oral health needs of the population in England.
Protection of Membrane Contact Protein by the Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases
Authors: Lim Jung Mi
Published: January 2024

In this News and Views, I discuss our recent publication that established how steroidogenic acute regulatory-related lipid transfer domain-3 (STARD3), a membrane contact protein situated at lysosomal membranes, plays a role in the detoxification of cholesterol hydroperoxide. STARD3's methionine residues can be oxidized to methionine sulfoxide by cholesterol hydroperoxide, after which methionine sulfoxide reductases reduce the methionine sulfoxide residues back to methionine. The reaction also results in the reduction of the cholesterol hydroperoxide to an alcohol. The cyclic oxidation and reduction of methionine residues in STARD3 at membrane contact sites creates a catalytically efficient mechanism for detoxification of cholesterol hydroperoxide during cholesterol transport, thus protecting membrane contact sites and the entire cell against the toxicity of cholesterol hydroperoxide.
Advancement of HIV and Co-infections: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Ahuja Jatin , Soneja Manish , Wig Naveet , Biswas Ashutosh , Xess Immaculata , Singh Gagandeep , Vibha Deepti , Nischal Neeraj
Published: January 2024

Aim:

To assess the incidence of comorbidities and opportunistic infections (OIs) in advanced HIV.

Design:

This is a prospective observational study conducted on people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLHA) with a laboratory-confirmed cluster of differentiation-4 (CD4) counts <100/mm 3 . Recruitment of 102 PLHA patients was performed with no filtering criteria based on the duration of diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive, or ART failure. Data collection was initiated post-clearance by the Institutional Ethics Committee.

Methods:

The study was conducted at the tertiary care center. The prevalence of underlying comorbidities and the incidence of multiple OIs were assessed in 102 HIV patients with CD4 <100/mm 3 . A detailed clinical examination was carried out, and all relevant investigations were digitally recorded.

Results:

The mean age of the participants among the 102 PLHA with a CD4 count of 100/mm 3 was 41.4 + 11.2 years, and their mean CD4 count was 62.3 + 20.5/mm 3 at the time of recruitment. A total of 62 (60.8%) patients were ART-naive. The two most prevalent comorbidities in the research population were anemia and renal failure. Fungal infections (66.6%) in the study cohort varied from the most frequent oral thrush (42.1%) to disseminated histoplasmosis (7.8%). Tuberculosis was the second most prevalent opportunistic illness (36.2%). Syphilis cases were prevalent (8.8%) among sexually transmitted illnesses linked to HIV, with most of the cases being latent syphilis; 3.9% of the patients were coinfected with chronic hepatitis B and HIV, and only one possessed chronic hepatitis C.

Conclusion:

Comorbidities and OIs are major public health concerns in Indian healthcare settings. Our findings show that the prevalence of comorbidities and OIs is high. Furthermore, late diagnosis with HIV, a CD4 count <100/mm 3 , and poor adherence indicate an increased incidence and decreased survival time among PLHA with underlying comorbidities and OIs . Early care-seeking and the beginning of ART, as well as ongoing monitoring of patients to ensure they take their medication on schedule, are critical to reducing OIs and improving general health. Further research is highly recommended to gain deeper insights.
Socioeconomic Patterns in the Frequency of Doctor Visits in Germany and Spain in Subjects With and Without Chronic Diseases
Authors: Moreno Almudena , Lostao Lourdes , Sperlich Stefanie , Beller Johannes , Ronda Elena , Geyer Siegfried , Regidor Enrique
Published: January 2024

The objective of universal health care systems is to achieve equality in the use of health services at the same level of care need. This study evaluates the relationship of socioeconomic position with the frequency of doctor visits in subjects with and without chronic diseases in Germany and Spain. The dependent variables included number of consultations and if a medical consultation occurred. The socioeconomic factors were income and education. The magnitude of the relationship between socioeconomic position and medical consultation frequency was estimated by calculating the percentage ratio using binomial regression and by calculating the difference in consultations by analysis of the covariance, in the case of number of visits. Statistically significant findings according to education were not observed. The percentage ratio in the medical consultations among those with lower and higher income was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.88) in Germany and 1.11 (95% CI 1.03-1.20) in Spain among subjects with any of the studied chronic conditions. Also, in Germany the difference in the average number of consultations comparing lower income subjects with higher was 3.98 (95% CI 2.40-5.57) in those with chronic conditions. In both countries, there were no differences in the frequency of doctor visits according to education. However, a pro-inequality trend exists in favor of subjects with lower income.
Shallow three-dimensional shear wave velocity model for the Mexico City Basin
Authors: Wood Clinton M , Rieth Rendon M , Rahimi Salman , Rahimi Mohammadyar , Rosado-Fuentes Alejandro , Mayoral Juan M , de la Rosa Daniel , Sánchez-Sesma Francisco J , Cruz-Jiménez Hugo
Published: January 2024

In this study, a simplified shallow three-dimensional shear wave velocity (Vs) model is presented for the Mexico City Basin. To this end, previous studies were carefully reviewed to assemble a database of Vs and site period measurements for the region. The new site period measurements obtained at the western edge of the Basin were compared to the existing 2004 Complementary Technical Standards of Mexico site period nominal map, (NTC, 2004) the Lermo et al. (2020) site period map, and Design Seismic Actions System (SASID), 2020 site period predictions. Each site period prediction method was shown to have differences with respect to the new measurements along the western edge of the Basin. However, there was no bias for the prediction methods with the Lermo et al. (2020) and SASID predictions, demonstrating less error between the measured values than the NTC (2004) predictions. To develop the three-dimensional Vs model, the shallow (top 60 m) subsurface was divided into five generalized soil layers. The site period was used as the only input for the three-dimensional Vs model to simplify and maximize the model’s applicability. The performance of the model was assessed by comparing the measured and predicted Vs profiles. Overall, the three-dimensional Vs model developed in this study is a valuable tool that can be used along with geophysical estimates of deeper structure for ground motion modeling and preliminary site response studies along with other benefits to the seismic resiliency of the region.