bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Skin Test Reactions in Patients with Non‐immediate Type Drug Eruptions
Authors: Osawa Junko , Naito Shizuo , Aihara Michiko , Kitamura Kazuko , Ikezawa Zenro , Nakajima Hiroshi
Published: April 2015

Skin test reactions were evaluated in 242 patients who appeared to develop delayed type drug eruptions from the clinical course. The patch testing was positive in 62 (31.5%) of 197 patients tested and the intradermal testing in 105 (89.7%) of 117 patients. The positive ratios of intradermal testing were higher in maculopapular (MP), erythema multiforme (EM), and erythrodermic (ED) types than in eczematous (Ecz) type drug eruptions, while those of patch testing were comparatively high in ED, Ecz type, and anticonvulsant‐induced drug eruptions. It is considered that the combination of patch testing and intradermal testing is useful for determination of causative drugs in delayed type drug eruptions.
The Effect of Topical Minoxidil on Hair Follicular Cycles of Rats
Authors: Mori Osamu , Uno Hideo
Published: April 2015

To explore an easily accessible and reproducible model for examining the effect of minoxidil on hair growth, we studied the effect of minoxidil on the natural hair cycles of rats from birth to 80 days of age. During the 1st and 2nd postnatal cycles, the hair follicles grew very rapidly and the size of anagen follicles were markedly enlarged. In the 3rd cycle (50 days to approximately 100 days of age), duration of the telogen phase lasted approximately 20 days. Topical minoxidil, 1%, 3%, or 5% solution, applied on the backs of the rats from 23 days (weaning) to 80 days, induced a remarkable shortening of the telogen phase in the 3rd cycle. Although the dose‐dependent response was very minimal, rats treated with 3% or 5% minoxidil showed similar effects in the 4th cycle. Minoxidil, however, did not induce prolongation of the anagen phase, but increased the rate of DNA synthesis in the anagen bulb during the 2nd and 3rd cycles. These results suggest that minoxidil specifically stimulates the secondary germ of the telogen follicles, resulting in rapid progression to anagen follicles.
Proliferative Potential of Murine Melanoma Cells Cultured in or on Collagen Gel
Authors: Furukawa Masayoshi , Kono Takeshi , Tanii Tsukasa , Ishii Masamitsu , Hamada Toshio , Shibata Tadayoshi
Published: April 2015

As the first step in developing an in vitro model of melanoma cells infiltrating the dermis, B16 murine melanoma cells were cultured on and in type I collagen gels. Under these conditions, the melanoma cell adopted an elongated or dendritic form. Cell proliferation was suppressed in the culture system using the collagen gel as compared with the conventional monolayer culture on plastic. Microcinematographically, this suppression was found to be due to an extension of the cell cycle time of each individual cell.

On the other hand, there were no appreciable differences in proliferation pattern between the cells cultured on type I and IV collagen film and those cultured on plastic.

These results suggest that there are interactions between type I collagen in the gel form and melanoma cells, especially with respect to cell growth.
A Case of Neurofibrosarcoma Associated with Neurofibromatosis: Light Microscopic, Ultrastructural, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Investigations
Authors: Morioka Naoko , Tsuchida Tetsuya , Etoh Takafumi , Ishibashi Yasumasa , Otsuka Fujio
Published: April 2015

A case of neurofibrosarcoma (NFS) with neurofibromatosis was studied by light microscopic, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and biochemical methods. Histologically, spindle‐shaped tumor cells with atypical hyperchromatic nuclei were arranged in a fascicular or sheet‐like fashion. Electron microscopic examination revealed discontinuous basement membrane‐like structures. Immunohistochemical study revealed S100 protein α chains in tumor cells.

A biochemical analysis showed large amounts of gangliosides (sialic acid 13.5 μg/g wet tissue weight) in tumors. GM3 and GD3 were the major components; these results were compatible with the NFS ganglioside patterns found in our previous study.

Results confirmed the diagnosis of NFS and indicate that NFS clearly has some neuroectodermal characteristics and that Schwann cells may possibly be related to its origin.
Two Cases of Pilomatrix Carcinoma
Authors: Miyahara Hiroko , Imayama Shuhei , Hashizume Tamiko , Takeishi Masaaki , Hori Yoshiaki , Kohda Hiromu
Published: April 2015

We report two cases of pilomatrix carcinoma. Wide surgical excision, radiation, and chemotherapy were required for the first patient. The tumor eventually revealed the characteristics of a carcinoma, both clinically and histopathologically, as it recurred. In the second case, although the tumor exhibited the histology of pilomatricoma in the central part of the lesion, there were numerous outgrowing irregular nests of basaloid tumor cells with cellular atypia and frequent mitoses; these are the characteristic features of the pilomatrix carcinoma in its early stages.
Distribution of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) in the Intermediate Filaments of the Cultured Cells from a Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis
Authors: Onodera Kazukiyo , Takahashi Tetsuo , Watanabe Ryoji , Ishibashi Yasumasa , Sasaki Masafumi , Kimura Genki
Published: April 2015

We established a cell line (TS) from adenoma sebaceum of a patient with tuberous sclerosis. Through our previous studies, the abnormal cell division and dysfunction of TS cells were indicated. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and 55kd protein had been found to be major cytoskeletal proteins in these cells. This time we have examined the structure and distribution of cytoskeletons in TS cells with immunoelectron microscopy. TS cells were found to coexpress GFAP and vimentin‐like substance; both structures seem to be closely related. The coexistence of a few kinds of proteins integrated in the cytoskeletons might lead to the abnormal behavior of the nucleus during the process of cell division.
Reversible Inhibition of Keratinocyte Thymidine Incorporation by the Calmodulin Antagonist, W‐7
Authors: Hirokawa Masaki , Hashimoto Yoshio , Ohkuma Noritaka , Mizumoto Toshihiro , Iizuka Hajime
Published: April 2015

Although calmodulin has been suggested as an important regulator of keratinocyte proliferation, its precise role remains unknown. We employed a calmodulin antagonist, N‐(6‐aminohexyl)‐5‐chloro‐1‐naphthalenesulfonamide (W‐7), to examine the role of calmodulin on keratinocyte proliferation. N‐(6‐aminohexyl)‐1‐naphthalenesulfonamide (W‐5), a chlorine‐deficient analogue of W‐7 with little anti‐calmodulin activity, was used as the control. W‐7 markedly inhibited thymidine incorporation of pig epidermis at concentrations close to its anti‐calmodulin activity; W‐5 had no effect on the thymidine incorporation. The inhibitory effect of W‐7 was reversible; the removal of W‐7 from the incubation medium resulted in the reinitiation of the thymidine incorporation, suggesting that W‐7 is not a cytotoxic agent. These results are consistent with the view that calmodulin is an essential regulator of keratinocyte proliferation. The epidermal beta‐adrenergic response, which is decreased in various hyperproliferative epidermal abnormalities, was increased in W‐7‐treated hypoproliferative epidermis. The epidermal SOD activity, which is also decreased in the hyperproliferative epidermis, however, was not affected by the W‐7 treatment.
Effects of Human Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α (TNF‐α) on the Proliferative Potential of Human Keratinocytes Cultured in Serum‐free Medium
Authors: Kono Takeshi , Tanii Tsukasa , Furukawa Masayoshi , Mizuno Nobuyuki , Taniguchi Shoji , Ishii Masamitsu , Hamada Toshio
Published: April 2015

The effects of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) on human keratinocytes cultured in a serum‐free medium were investigated. TNF‐α markedly suppressed cell growth. The growth‐inhibitory effect was reversible and cytostatic at a concentration of 1–5 U/ml, but appeared to be irreversible and cytocidal at 10 U/ml. The growth suppressive effect was more marked when TNF‐α was added in the late growth phase or preconfluent phase than when it was added in early or mid‐growth phases. No effects of TNF‐α on cell adhesion to the substrate were observed. These results indicate that TNF‐α is a very potent anti‐proliferative agent for human keratinocytes.
Kaposi's Sarcoma: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Kato Haruhisa , Hamada Toshio , Tsuji Takuo , Baba Takashi , Seki Jun‐ichi , Kobayashi Yasutsugu
Published: April 2015

A patient with diabetes mellitus who developed the typical classic lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma is described. Our patient presented with a reddish‐purple papulonodular lesion on the right foot of five months' duration. A skin biopsy specimen showed a proliferation of spindle cells forming numerous vascular slits and a diffuse extravasation of erythrocytes. The patient's sera was negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated fibroblast‐like spindle cells phagocytosing and digesting red blood cells to form vascular spaces. The patient died, due to gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and the autopsy revealed an extensive visceral involvement of Kaposi's sarcoma.
Tinea of the Scrotum
Authors: Dekio Satoshi , Li‐mo Qin , Kawasaki Yohji , Jidoi Joji
Published: April 2015

A 57‐year‐old Japanese man with tinea of the scrotum was described. His lesions on the scrotum were unusual; they appeared as lichenified plaques.
Significance of Elevated Serum LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) Activity in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Mukai Hideki , Noguchi Toshihiko , Kamimura Kimio , Nishioka Kiyoshi , Nishiyama Shigeo
Published: April 2015

Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was elevated in most cases with the severe type of atopic dermatitis (AD). We examined whether LDH correlated specifically with the clinical courses and the severity of AD skin eruptions. Blood eosinophil numbers (Eo), LDH and its isoenzymes, and serum IgE (IgE) levels in eighty patients with AD were measured before and after treatment.

In improved groups, Eo and LDH decreased or returned to normal values after treatment. In contrast, both levels increased in patients who worsened after treatment. Thus changes in Eo and LDH correlated well with the clinical picture. However, IgE levels did not correlate with the clinical condition. High LDH levels were detected in the severe type of AD more frequently than in the mild type. A large majority of patients with elevated LDH (higher than 300 IU/1) before treatment had more severe skin eruptions. When the LDH before treatment was within normal limits, the LDH levels in improved patients showed a further decrease. Eo, LDH and IgE were correlated closely with the clinical scores of AD, and the relationship between LDH and clinical score was the highest. Elevations of LDH5 and LDH4 among the LDH isoenzymes were more prominent in the severe type of AD than in the mild type.

We concluded that LDH was useful as a marker for evaluating the disease condition and severity of skin eruption of AD.
Infundibular Keratosis
Authors: Keong Chin‐Huai , Maruyama Ryuji , Katsumata Michio
Published: April 2015

Two cases of infundibular keratosis are presented, characterized histopathologically by funnel‐shaped, invaginating, epithelial lobules showing infundibular keratinization and connection with pilosebaceous structures. Lightly‐staining, glycogen‐laden epithelial cells predominated within the two tumors. Differential diagnoses with other infundibular tumors and relationships to trichilemmoma are discussed.
Action of Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxins on Epidermal Cell Cultures and Organotypic Skin
Authors: Gentilhomme Edqar , Faure Michel , Piemont Yves , Binder Pierre , Thivolet Jean
Published: April 2015

In the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, spontaneous intraepithelial cleavages are due to the exfoliative toxins A or B (ETA or ETB). Until now, these toxins have been studied either on epidermis or on organotypic skin cultures. In the present study, we compare the effects of these toxins on human keratinocyte cell cultures to those on human and mouse organotypic skin cultures. With concentrations of ETA or ETB of 1 mg/ml for 3 hours, spontaneous intraepithelial cleavages were noted in both cell and organotypic cultures. Keratinocyte cell cultures were as sensitive as organotypic skin cultures to these toxins. Since keratohyaline granules may represent a possible binding site for ETA or ETB, we tried to correlate the expression of keratohyaline granules with the appearance of intraepithelial clefts due to the toxins. However, when cultured in liquid medium, epithelia were not differentiated enough to allow the detection of the binding site of ETA‐ETB.
The Local Recurrence of Pigmented Spitz Nevus after Removal
Authors: Tanaka Keiko , Mihara Motoyuki , Shimao Shuhei , Taniguchi Kaoru
Published: April 2015

A seventeen‐month‐old female had a pigmented nodule on her left lower leg. The excised lesion was histologically diagnosed as a Spitz nevus, composed mainly of spindle‐shaped melanocytes containing large amounts of melanin pigment. When nodular regrowth was seen at the operative site, the recurrent lesion was radically excised as nodular melanoma. However the histological characteristics of the second excised specimen were essentially the same as those in the initially excised one except for the existence of the newly formed collagen fibers, which may suggest an involuting stage in the central portion of the lesion.
Photoprotective Effect of Topically Applied Superoxide Dismutase on Sunburn Reaction in Comparison with Sunscreen
Authors: Hamanaka Hiroshi , Miyachi Yoshiki , Imamura Sadao
Published: April 2015

Photoprotective effect of topically applied superoxide dismutase (SOD) to guinea pig skin was compared with a commercially available sunscreen agent after a single exposure to UVB. While cutaneous SOD activity was remarkably decreased in non‐treated control animals, both topical SOD and sunscreen agent significantly reduced the decrease in skin SOD activity after UVB irradiation. However, only the sunscreen agent successfully reduced erythema reaction 24h after irradiation but topical SOD failed. These findings suggest that topical SOD protects skin from photo‐oxidative damage without affecting erythema response, and thus, from a practical standpoint, sunscreen agents, when compared with topical antioxidants, seem better at present for daily photoprotection.
Unilateral Dermatomal Superficial Telangiectasia
Authors: Okinaga Miyako , Go Kikyo , Mizoguchi Masako
Published: April 2015

A three‐year‐old boy with unilateral dermatomal superficial telangiectasia (UDST) is the first reported case with skin lesions in two non‐adjacent areas (dermatomal areas of Trigeminal2 and L4–5). In this case, onset occurred at an early age, the onset was eight months after an operation, and the liver function was normal; therefore we believe it is congenital, even though the patient had undergone an extensive right hepatectomy to remove a hamartoma in his liver at the age of four months.
Hemangiopericytoma: Characteristic Features Observed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Angiography
Authors: Kato Naoko , Kato Sadatoshi , Ueno Hiroo
Published: April 2015

Hemangiopericytoma is a rare vascular tumor which may originate wherever there are capillaries. We report a case of this tumor occurring in a 79‐year‐old Japanese man, which originated from the subcutaneous tissues of the left upper arm and reached a size of 6 × 5 × 4 cm. Histopathological and electron microscopical findings were compatible with those of benign‐type hemangiopericytoma. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the most intense signal on proton density images. Angiography showed the characteristic tumor feeder artery forming a pedicle which entered the tumor and branched radially and a dense, uniform, well‐demarcated, oval tumor stain. These images were helpful in performing proper operative treatment without noteworthy bleeding. These modern modalities are excellent non‐invasive diagnostic procedures for the vascular tumors of soft tissues in dermatology.
Epidermal Langerhans' Cells in Elderly Patients with Decubital Ulcers
Authors: Kohn Sarah , Kohn David , Schiller Dan
Published: April 2015

Langerhans' cells in the sacral epidermis 8–10 cm from the lesion of elderly patients (mean age 74 years) with decubital ulcers were studied ultrastructurally and compared with the patients' own normal epidermis from the upper leg, with age‐matched normal controls, and with young normal controls (mean age 43 years). High percentages of Langerhans' cells (ranging between 30 and 50%) without dendrites were found in patient epidermis from the sacral region near the lesion and similar percentages in normal skin from the patients' upper leg. In both elderly and young controls, Langerhans' cells without dendrites found in the epidermis of the upper leg were fewer, ranging between 13 and 33%. The density of Langerhans' cells in adjacent sites of the same epidermis was non‐homogeneous, being in the range of 0.56–1.19% in patient sacral epidermis, 0.69–1.31% in patient normal leg epidermis, 0.63–4.17% in leg epidermis of the elderly controls, and 0.63–3.94% in leg epidermis of the young controls. The majority of the Langerhans' cells in both patients and controls were located near the basal cell layer and in the mid‐epidermis. The percentage of Langerhans' cells found in patient sacral epidermis (0.84 ± 0.08%) and in their leg epidermis (0.87 ± 0.15%) was significantly lower than in the elderly controls (1.91 ± 0.30%) and young controls (1.84 ± 0.24%). The low percentage of Langerhans' cells in the epidermis of patients with decubital ulcers may affect the healing process of the lesions.
Wells' Syndrome (Eosinophilic Cellulitis)
Authors: Wong Kit‐Ching , Hwang Jen‐Kan , Wong Chu‐Kwan
Published: April 2015

We report a case of Wells' syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis) with acute cutaneous swelling followed by indolent infiltration. The histopathology is characterized by a dense infiltrate of eosinophils and “flame figures” in the dermis. The electron microscopic findings are peculiar. This case responded well to oral antihistamines. The skin signs and symptoms disappeared completely two weeks later.
Traumatic Neuroma: Multiple Lesions in the Fingers Occurring after Deep Burns
Authors: Ono Tomomichi , Matsunaga Wakatoshi
Published: April 2015

A 6‐year‐old Japanese girl developed five asymptomatic nodules at the amputated edges of her right index, middle, and ring fingers. The amputation had been performed after she suffered deep burns at the age of 3 months. A histological diagnosis of traumatic neuroma was made.
Effect of 1,24R‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the Growth of Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Matsumoto Kunio , Hashimoto Koji , Kiyoki Mamoru , Yamamoto Masaru , Yoshikawa Kunihiko
Published: April 2015

The effect of 1,24R‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,24R(OH)2D3), a synthetic analogue of a biologically active form of vitamin D3 (1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D3), on the growth of human keratinocytes cultured in serum‐free medium was investigated. The growth of cultured normal human keratinocytes was inhibited by 65% by 10−8M 1,24R(OH)2D3 and by 90% by 10−7M 1,24(OH)2D3. It inhibited cell growth almost completely at 10−6M. The DNA synthesis of keratinocytes was also inhibited with 1,24R(OH)2D3 by 27% at 10−8M, 59% at 10−7M, and 92% at 10−6M. The inhibition of cell growth and DNA synthesis were more remarkable by 1,24R(OH)2D3 than by 1,25(OH)2D3. 1,24R(OH)2D3 also inhibited the growth of keratinocytes derived from patients with psoriasis vulgaris; the growth inhibitory effect was again more remarkable with 1,24R(OH)2D3 than with 1,25(OH)2D3. The viability and protein synthesis of keratinocytes were not affected by 1,24R(OH)2D3, suggesting that the growth inhibitory effect is due to its biological activity, not to cytotoxicity. The binding of [3H]‐labeled 1,25(OH)2D3 to its receptor in the cytosolic fraction of cultured keratinocytes was competitively substituted by unlabeled 1,24R(OH)2D3 as well as 1,25(OH)2D3, suggesting that 1,24R(OH)2D3 binds to the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor. It was found that the affinity of 1,24R(OH)2D3 for the receptor was slightly higher than that of 1,25(OH)2D3. These results demonstrate that 1,24R(OH)2D3 functions as a potent growth inhibitor in vitro in human keratinocytes from both normal and psoriatic epidermis, and it possesses a higher affinity for the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor in cultured human keratinocytes. The difference in affinity of 1,24R(OH)2D3 for the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor correlates with its greater inhibition of keratinocyte growth than 1,25(OH)2D3. 1,24R(OH)2D3 may be useful in the treatment of psoriasis.
Cutaneous Reactions Caused by Experimental Exposure to Jellyfish, Carybdea rastonii
Authors: Ohtaki Noriko , Oka Keiko , Sugimoto Akiko , Akizawa Toshihiko , Yasuhara Tadashi , Azuma Hiroshi
Published: April 2015

Dermatitis caused by contact with tentacles of jellyfish was studied on 25 volunteers. Two tentacles cut from a living jellyfish, Carybdea rastonii, were applied on each of the forearms and skin reactions were observed.

All volunteers complained of severe pain, which lasted from 10 min to 8 hrs. Erythema and wheal appeared within 3 to 4 min and enlarged for 15 to 20 min. Erythema subsided within 24 hrs to 3 days in all but two individuals.

Seven to 13 days after the application, linear erythema and papulo‐vesicular lesions with pruritus were observed on the forearms of 15 out of 25 volunteers tested. These flare‐up lesions lasted for one week leaving slight pigmentation.

Histological findings from the flare‐up lesions corresponded to those of allergic contact dermatitis.

The lymphocyte response to the jellyfish venom in the subjects who had recurring lesions was greater than that in either the subjects with no recurring lesions or the control group, who was never exposed to jellyfish.
Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Jitsukawa Kumiko , Sato Syozo , Hayashi Yoko , Yamao Hiroyuki , Anzai Takashi
Published: April 2015

We report a case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a 39‐year‐old Japanese male whose illness developed after returning from a trip to an endemic area. He showed positive coccidioidin skin reaction throughout the entire course of his illness. The primary lesion in the lung subsequently spread to the bone. While the patient was on treatment with 5‐FC, he made another trip to the same endemic area. After this episode, he developed pulmonary symptoms and cutaneous nodules on his wrist. The possibility of reinfection with Coccidioides immitis is discussed. Electron microscopy of the cutaneous nodules revealed that the spherules examined maintained their structural integrity in the granulomatous lesion, suggesting the high viability of the organism. Host‐parasitic interaction in coccidioidomycosis is discussed.
Pseudoelephantiasis of the Penis Following Donovanosis
Authors: Sehgal Virendra N. , Sharma Hemant K.
Published: April 2015

Pseudoelephantiasis of the penis, an unusual sequel of longstanding donovanosis with otherwise characteristics clinical expression, is reported in a young man. The diagnosis was confirmed by the demonstration of Donovan bodies in Giemsa stained tissue smears and tissue sections.
HLA in Systemic Scleroderma (PSS) and Familial Scleroderma
Authors: Sasaki Tetsuo , Denpo Kenichi , Ono Hideki , Nakajima Hiroshi
Published: April 2015

HLA in systemic scleroderma (PSS), including three familial cases, is reported. Three families in which one sister developed PSS and another sister suffered from either PSS (family 1), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) (family 2), or Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) (family 3) were described. The elder sister in family 1 died of respiratory insufficiency caused by scleroderma lung. The sisters in family 2 both had SjS, anti SS‐A antibodies, and HLA A2‐Bw55‐Cwl‐DRw8 haplotype in common. The elder sister with PSS in family 3 also had SjS and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. HLA in 28 PSS patients including these 3 familial cases were analyzed with 4 MCTD and 4 generalized morphea patients. HLA A2, Bw46, DR2, DRw8, DRw6 and DQw1 antigens were more frequently found in the PSS patients than in the controls. HLA DRw6 was the only antigen that was positive in common in the 3 familial cases. In those patients with anti topoisomerase I antibodies, HLA DR2 antigen was found more frequently than in the controls. Some, but not all, of these results were similar to the previous reports on HLA in PSS. Further investigations on more patients and the other members of these families would be necessary to clarify the significance of these results.
Clinical and Histological Analysis of Labial Lip Biopsy in Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Katayama Ichiro , Nishiyama Shigeo , Nishioka Kiyoshi
Published: April 2015

Labial lip biopsy findings from 52 patients with Sjögren syndrome (SjS) and cutaneous manifestations were clinically analyzed.

Findings of the labial lip biopsy with more than one focus (a cluster of at least 50 lymphocytes) were positive in 52% (28/52). Sixteen patients who presented with oral dryness had negative labial lip biopsy findings with less than one focus score and five patients without oral dryness had positive results. Cells infiltrating into the salivary gland were categorized as plasma cell rich (Group 1), lymphocyte rich (Group 3), intermediate (Group 2), or no gland in biopsied specimens (Group 4). Sicca complaint and the grade of lip biopsy score were significantly higher in Group 3 than in Group 1; no differences were observed in laboratory findings between Groups 1 and 3. The patterns of age distribution and salivary flow rate were also not statistically significant in these two groups. The patients with plasma cell rich infiltrate presented oral dryness, although their clinical and grade of lip biopsy scores were relatively low; most of these patients have secondary SjS. Some of the patients in Group 4 showed an advanced stage of the disease though their lip biopsy score was grade 1 with atrophic or no gland. These data suggest that labial lip biopsy is a useful screening method for the diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome and that clinical manifestations may differ in parallel with the type of infiltrating cell.
Superoxide Dismutase Activity of Murine Ultraviolet Radiation‐induced Fibrosarcoma Cell Strains
Authors: Hamanaka Hiroshi , Miyachi Yoshiki , Moriwaki Shin‐ichi , Nishigori Chikako , Imamura Sadao
Published: April 2015

The average superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of seven cell strains from mouse skin fibrosarcoma induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was 5.78 ± 0.81 (mean ± SE) unit/mg protein, while that of seven normal mouse skin fibroblasts was 5.36 ± 1.58. Although tumor cells have been previously reported to exhibit reduced SOD activity, the present study demonstrates that there is comparable SOD activity between tumor cells and normal cells of the same tissue origin.
Tinea of the Glans Penis: Report of a Case Presenting as a Crop of Papules
Authors: Dekio Satoshi , Qin Li‐mo , Jidoi Joji
Published: April 2015

A 27‐year‐old Japanese male student with tinea of the glans penis was described. The lesion on the glans penis was unique; it developed as a crop of papules.
Non‐invasive Measurement of the Vascular Dynamics of Dermographism
Authors: Hornstein Otto Paul , Boissevain Friederike , Wittmann Harald
Published: April 2015

There is no dissent about the vascular origin of dermographism (D); however, the microcirculatory events underlying this phenomenon are not yet elucidated sufficiently. In particular, the vascular mechanisms producing the white D pattern in atopics are a matter of divergent hypotheses. In order to quantify the D phenomenon reproducibly, we constructed an easily usable device called “Dermographometer” which enables us to apply constant stretching pressure to the skin. We were able to investigate several parameters of microvascular cutaneous reaction to defined skin stretching pressure by laser‐Doppler‐microfluxmetry and infrared‐thermography. These measurements were performed on 23 patients with atopic eczema (AE) and 21 healthy controls under standardized investigative conditions. Only patients under similar therapeutic regimens (no corticosteroids) with dry or lichenified skin inflammation (lumbar area) were included in the study.

The basic values of laser‐Doppler‐fluxmetry (LDF) showed a significant reduction in the intensity of hyperemia in the patients from those in the normal controls; this reaction depended on the visual degree of the dermographic blanching effect (white, delayed white, indifferent, pale‐red). Patients with white or indifferent D had the lowest rises in blood flux; those with delayed white or pale‐red D had more elevated blood fluxes, but these were still clearly below the mean levels of normal red D. Infrared‐thermography showed a significant diminution of both the rise and plateau phase of the radiating temperature in comparison to the controls.

Our results support the hypothesis that white D (including different subtypes of its pallor) depends on the degree of local vasoconstriction, possibly in combination with altered blood flow in cutaneous shunt vessels.
Late Onset Dermal Melanocytosis: An Upper Back Variant
Authors: Ono Tomomichi , Egawa Kiyofumi , Kayashima Ken‐ichi , Kitoh Masato
Published: April 2015

Seven elderly Japanese men with blue macules on their upper backs are reported. Histological examination showed this pigmentation to be melanosis due to the presence of spindle‐shaped or oval pigment‐laden cells in the dermis. Electron microscopy revealed the cells to be compatible with dermal melanocytes. We assume that this condition belongs to the category of late onset dermal melanocytosis and is an upper back variant. This concept has not been proposed before.
Spindle Cell Hemangioendothelioma: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Terashi Hiroto , Itami Satoshi , Kurata Sotaro , Sonoda Tadashige , Takayasu Susumu , Yokoyama Shigeo
Published: April 2015

Three cases of spindle cell hemangioendothelioma were studied. Two had multiple nodules and the third had a single, recurrent lesion in the dermis or subcutis of the distal extremities. The tumor initiated at the age of 3 months in one patient and at the ages of 11 or 12 years in the remaining two. Local recurrence after surgical excision was observed in all cases. Microscopically the tumors were composed of two components; cavernous blood spaces and a proliferation of spindle cells. Among these spindle cells, there were occasional epithelioid endothelial cells with intracytoplasmic lumina. Phleboliths were observed in two cases. Most of the endothelial cells lining the cavernous spaces were positive for factor VIII‐associated antigen in all cases; the intracytoplasmic lumina were also positive in two cases. The spindle cells were negative for that antigen in all cases. However, they were positive for desmin in one case. Electronmicroscopically, the spindle cells resembled primitive mesenchymal cells.
Increased Production of Transforming Growth Factor‐α in Psoriatic Epidermis
Authors: Higashiyama Mari , Matsumoto Kunio , Hashimoto Koji , Yoshikawa Kunihiko
Published: April 2015

To elucidate the involvement of transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α) in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we measured TGF‐α levels in the extracts from six normal epidermis and four psoriatic involved epidermis samples by enzyme‐linked sorbent assay using monoclonal antibody specific for TGF‐α. The amount of TGF‐α in the extracts of normal epidermis was 1.45 ± 1.06 ng/g of wet tissue, while the amount in psoriatic involved epidermis was 6.71 ± 0.75 ng/g of wet tissue. The TGF‐α level in psoriatic involved epidermis was thus 4.62 fold higher than that of normal epidermis (P<0.001). TGF‐α binds to epidermal growth factor receptors and functions as an autocrine growth factor for epidermal keratinocytes. Therefore, the increased levels of TGF‐α may be involved in the induction or the maintenance of hyperproliferation of psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes.
A Case of Pemphigus Vulgaris in a Six‐year‐old Girl
Authors: Shoda Yukiko , Hashimoto Koji , Matsuoka Yukari , Yoshikawa Kunihiko
Published: April 2015

A case of pemphigus vulgaris in a six‐year‐old Japanese girl is presented. She first developed vesicles and ulcerations in oral and laryngeal mucous membranes, showing a hoarse voice and fits of coughing with excessive slavering. She had skin blisters six months later. Biopsy of the skin lesion demonstrated the intraepidermal blister in a suprabasal location. Direct immunofluorescence (IF) of the skin lesion revealed deposits of IgG and C3. Indirect IF showed serum anti‐ICS antibody titer at 1:640. She was diagnosed as having pemphigus vulgaris. Treatment with oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg) proved effective. This is the first case of infantile pemphigus vulgaris in Japan.
Discordant Expression of Tuberous Sclerosis in Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Kondo Shigeo , Yamashina Ushio , Sato Noriaki , Aso Kazuo
Published: April 2015

A set of 20‐year‐old female Japanese twins, most probably monozygotic, had clinical evidence of tuberous sclerosis (TS). They were discordant for symptoms. One of the twins exhibited facial red‐brown papules (adenoma sebaceum), a dorsal shagreen patch, intracerebral calcifications, angiomyolipoma in the right kidney, and hypopigmented macules; the other had only a few hypopigmented macules. Modification of TS gene expression by the effects of environmental (extrinsic) factors is suggested.
Expression of OKM5 Antigen on Keratinocytes in Some Dermatoses
Authors: He Chundi , Zhao Yuming , Chen Hong‐Duo
Published: April 2015

Employing an avidin‐biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique, it was found that there was OKM5 but no OKM1 antigen expression on the keratinocytes of the upper epidermis from all the studied specimens of seborrheic keratosis, verrucous nevus, Bowen's disease, BCC, SCC, MM, lichen planus, psoriasis vulgaris, condyloma acuminatum, and sporotrichosis as well as in two of eight cases of nevus pigmentosus. Our findings indicate that OKM5 antigen expression on epidermal keratinocytes is usually associated with dermal infiltration. It is assumed that human keratinocytes in cutaneous lesions, like the OKM1− OKM5+ monocyte/macrophage lineages, might play certain roles in immune responses and possibly function as antigen‐presenting cells.
A Case of Seminal Fluid Allergy Successfully Treated with Immunotherapy in a One‐day Rush Procedure
Authors: Boom Bart W. , van Toorenenbergen Albert W. , Nierop Geesje , van der Schroeff Jan‐Gerrit
Published: April 2015

A 28‐year‐old woman was treated for seminal fluid allergy with immunotherapy using a one‐day ‘rush’ procedure. Apart from minor anaphylactic symptoms, no serious side effects were noted during or after hyposensitization or boostering. Five weeks after the start of the hyposensitization, she was free of symptoms after unprotected coitus.
Purpura Fulminans Secondary to Xanthomonas Maltophilia Sepsis in an Adult with Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Kato Naoko , Morioka Tokiyo
Published: April 2015

Purpura fulminans is a rare disease characterized by purpura ecchymosis, hypotension, and fever associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. It often begins as a benign infectious process and subsequently progresses to a severe, catastrophic outcome. It is recognized to originate from congenital or acquired protein C deficiency. We present an unusual case of an adult with Xanthomonas maltophilia sepsis that subsequently developed into purpura fulminans with involvement of the four extremities. We discuss the importance of the protein C system in coagulation homeostasis and its relationship to purpura fulminans.
Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita in Identical Twins
Authors: Murakami Shinji , Shiraishi Satoshi , Miki Yoshiharu
Published: April 2015

Identical twin sisters developed generalized erythema and bullae on skin and mucous membranes at 18 and 19 years of age. Atrophic scars and milia were formed later. Indirect immunofluorescence (IF) study of the separated skin by incubation in 1.0M NaCl showed anti‐basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibodies bound to the dermal side. The HLA‐DR typing demonstrated DR2/DW11. Pulse therapy resulted in marked clinical improvement. This is the first report of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) in identical twins and suggests the possibility that the disease may have a genetic component.
A Case of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with Sporadic Porphyria Cutanea Tarda Due to Liver Disorder after Schistosoma japonicum Infection
Authors: Ohtake Naoto , Takayama Osami , Uno Akihiko , Kubota Yasuo , Shimada Shinji , Tamaki Kunihiko
Published: April 2015

A 56‐year‐old man suffered from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cutaneous SCC) which occurred on a cutaneous lesion of sporadic porphyria cutanea tarda (sporadic PCT).

His liver function decreased from the time he was infected with Schistosoma japonicum at the age of 10. He drank a little alcohol.

Erythematous maculae with blisters or erosions occurred on sun‐exposed areas of his skin when he was 52. His urine continued to be red. After detailed examinations including liver biopsy, he was diagnosed as having sporadic PCT due to liver disorder after infection with Schistosoma japonicum.

At the age of 56, a small red papule arose on his right earlobe at the site of a sporadic PCT lesion. The papule rapidly enlarged with ulceration; this completely destroyed his right earlobe, which was covered with odoriferous yellow‐white necrotic tissue. The tumor then extended to his right preauricular area with ulceration. A skin biopsy confirmed well‐differentiated cutaneous SCC.

The association of cutaneous SCC with sporadic PCT has not been previously reported; we think that the association is significant Such an occurrence may have been induced by either direct or indirect effects of ultraviolet light or a scar formed by the sporadic PCT.
Drug Eruptions Following Treatment with Prodrugs: A Review of the Reported Cases in Japan from 1984 to 1989
Authors: Imayama Shuhei , Fukuda Hidezo , Hori Yoshiaki
Published: April 2015

A review of 872 cases of drug eruption reported in the Japanese dermatological journals from 1984 to 1989 has revealed a growing subset related to treatment with prodrugs, in which the responsible agent may be the metabolite rather than the prodrug itself. This situation is the result of the presence in tissues and fluids of only the metabolite following absorption and degradation of the prodrug. Because of this condition, patients with drug eruptions after prodrug treatment may develop positive patch test and/or lymphocyte stimulation test reactions not only with the introduced prodrug but also with the metabolite produced in vivo and further with other prodrugs which degrade into the same metabolite.
Transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2 Measurements in Various Skin Lesions
Authors: Takiwaki Hirotsugu , Arase Seiji , Nakanishi Hideki , Takeda Katsuyuki
Published: April 2015

Low tcPO2 levels were observed in various skin lesions, indicating that most pathological changes in the skin induce such a reduction. In contrast, the tcPCO2 changed less, with the exception of marked elevations in bullous or prenecrotic lesions. This procedure may have practical applications in clinical dermatology, particulary in quantitating the response to therapy and in predicting a necrotic change.
Immunohistochemistry of Cutaneous Graft‐versus‐Host Disease after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Girolomoni Giampiero , Pincelli Carlo , Zambruno Giovanna , Andreani Marco , Giardini Claudio , Lucarelli Guido , Giannetti Alberto
Published: April 2015

Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is an immunologically mediated disease occurring most frequently after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of cutaneous GVHD. Patients transplanted for either leukemia or β‐thalassemia were included in the study. Skin lesions of acute and chronic GVHD were examined both by direct immunofluorescence to detect immunoglobulin deposits and by an avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex technique to evaluate the inflammatory cell infiltrate. Epidermal and dermal fluorescent bodies (IgG and IgM) were frequently found in both acute and chronic GVHD. Most of the infiltrating cells were CD3+ T lymphocytes, with CD8+ cells representing the major cell population invading the epidermis both in acute GVHD and in chronic lichenoid GVHD. A small proportion of the dermal cells were CD14+ macrophages; no B cells were detected. HLA‐DR, but not HLA‐DQ antigens, were variably expressed by keratinocytes in all cases of acute GVHD and in chronic lichenoid GVHD. KL‐1, a monoclonal antikeratin antibody specific for the 56.5 KD acidic polypeptide usually present in suprabasal keratinocytes, stained all epidermal layers, including the basal layer. Langerhans cells were dramatically reduced in number in the epidermis of both acute and chronic lichenoid GVHD. It is concluded that immunohistologic analysis may be supportive in the diagnosis of acute and early chronic lichenoid cutaneous GVHD.
Trichilemmal Tumor Arising in a Seborrheic Keratosis: Analysis of Cell Kinetics by BrdU Staining
Authors: Kitagawa Kayoko , Amagai Masayuki , Miyakawa Syun‐ichi , Hayakawa Kazuhito , Ueda Masakazu , Shimizu Nobuyoshi
Published: April 2015

We report a case of a 74‐year‐old male with a trichilemmal tumor arising in a seborrheic keratosis on the buttock and the results of a cell kinetic study of this tumor using a BrdU staining method. The incidence of trichilemmal tumor arising in a seborrheic keratosis seems to be extremely rare.

The labeling index of this tumor was 12.0%; this was a level intermediate between normal epidermis and a variety of hyperproliferative skin diseases such as squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease, and psoriasis vulgaris. DNA replicating cells were present in the germinative layers in normal epidermis and the benign hyperproliferative skin diseases, psoriasis vulgaris. In contrast, DNA replicating cells were found throughout the entire epidermis in premalignant and malignant tumors such as in Bowen's disease and squamous cell carcinoma. In this case, DNA replicating cells were localized mainly in the basal and parabasal cell layers, but also seen in the upper squamous layers. These findings suggest that this trichilemmal tumor had a malignant tendency, though it was slow‐growing and relatively benign in nature.
Granulomatous Tissue Reaction Following Cosmetic Eyebrow Tattooing
Authors: Ro Young Suck , Lee Chang Woo
Published: April 2015

We report a case of epithelioid granuloma which occurred at the site of a previous cosmetic eyebrow tattooing. A biopsy specimen showed the organized appearance of epithelioid cell granulomas containing little pigment as well as occasional giant cells, mainly of Langhans' type, thus showing the characteristic features of granulomatous hypersensitivity. With the use of energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, the presence of copper, iron, cobalt, and chromium was demonstrated.
Interaction of Human Epidermal Langerhans Cells with HIV‐1 Viral Envelope Proteins (gp 120 and gp 160s) Involves a Receptor‐mediated Endocytosis Independent of the CD4 T4A Epitope
Authors: Dezutter‐Dambuyant Colette , Schmitt Didier A. , Dusserre Nathalie , Hanau Daniel , Kolbe H.V.J. , Kieny Marie‐Paule , Cazenave Jean‐Pierre , Schmitt Daniel , Pasquali Jean‐Louis , Olivier René , Gazzolo Louis , Thivolet Jean
Published: April 2015

The CD4 molecule is known to be the preferential receptor for the HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein. Epidermal Langerhans cells are dendritic cells which express several surface antigens, among them CD4 antigens. To clarify the exact role of CD4 molecules in Langerhans cell infection induced by HIV‐1, we investigated the possible involvement of the interactions between HIV‐1 gp 120 or HIV‐1 gp 160s (soluble gp 160) and Langerhans cell surface. We also assessed the expression of CD4 molecules on Langerhans cell membranes dissociated by means of trypsin from their neighbouring keratinocytes. The cellular phenotype was monitored using flow cytometry and quantitative immunoelectron microscopy. We reported that human Langerhans cells can bind the viral envelope proteins (gp 120 or gp 160s), and that this binding does not depend on CD4 protein expression. This binding is not blocked by anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibodies. We show that a proportion of gp 120/gp 160s‐receptor complexes enters Langerhans cells by a process identified as a receptor‐mediated endocytosis. The amount of surface bound gp 120/gp 160s is not consistent with the amount of CD4 antigens present on Langerhans cell membranes. Gp 120/gp 160s binding sites on Langerhans cell suspensions appeared to be trypsin resistant, while CD4 antigens (at least the epitopes known to bind the HIV‐1) are trypsin sensitive. A burst of gp 120 receptor expression was detected on 1‐day cultured Langerhans cells while CD4 antigens disappeared. These findings lead to the most logical conclusion that binding of gp 120/gp 160s is due to the presence of a Langerhans cell surface molecule different from CD4 antigens.
Pigmented Macules on the Palms and/or Soles of Japanese Subjects: Influences of Clinical Severity and Duration of Illness
Authors: Narisawa Yutaka , Kohda Hiromu
Published: April 2015

We have suggested that pigmented macules on the palms and/or soles occur in response to various systemic diseases. In the present paper, we evaluated the influences of clinical severity and duration of illness in Japanese subjects. In males, cases who suffered from cerebral vascular accident (CVA) for long periods and/or severely tended to have numerous pigmented macules. In females, cases with CVA did not show any similar tendency. As the result of our prior and present studies, we conclude that underlying systemic disease itself can play a pivotal role in the development of pigmented macules on the palms and/or soles of Japanese subjects. We emphasize that such a pigmented macular eruption with characteristic clinical features is an important sign of internal disorders, including malignancy.
Pigmented Contact Dermatitis Due to Musk Moskene
Authors: Hayakawa Ritsuko , Hirose Osamu , Arima Yaeno
Published: April 2015

Musk moskene is a soft, sweet fragrance resembling musk ambrette which introduces a very desirable creamy powder note for cosmetic fragrance. Because of its advantages, which include low cost, oil solubility, and less sensitive to sunlight, musk moskene has recently increased its share of the market.

In this paper, we reported a case with pigmented contact dermatitis from musk moskene in cheek rouges. Patch test positive reactions to cheek rouges resulted in hyperpigmentation. Both the perfume used in the cheek rouges and musk moskene, which was a component of that perfume, showed strongly positive reactions. Residual hyperpigmentation was seen on the regions of the perfume and musk moskene patch testings.

Hyperpigmentation on cheeks of the patient gradually diminished after discontinuing use of the causative cheek rouge.