bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
การศึกษาถึงความชุกของการตรวจพบระดับของสารพันธุกรรมอิสระจากเซลลิมโฟไซต์ชนิดที ที่ปรากฏในพลาสม่าผู้ป่วยโรคมะเร็งปอดชนิดที่เซลไม่เล็กระยะลุกลาม
Authors:   , วีระสืบพงศ์ บวร
Published: September 2023

ที่มา: circulating cell free DNA ในผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการวินิจฉัยเป็นมะเร็งปอดชนิดเซลไม่เล็กมีความสำคัญในแง่การเป็นปัจจัยพยากรณ์โรค โดยที่มาของ circulating cell free DNA มาจากทั้งเซลมะเร็งและเซลที่ไม่ใช่มะเร็งอื่นๆ การศึกษานี้จึงทำขึ้นเพื่อตอบคำถามเรื่องแหล่งกำเนิดของ circulating cell free DNAที่ไม่ได้มาจากเซลมะเร็ง ว่ามาจาก T cellหรือไม่ วิธีการศึกษา: ทำการตรวจ T cell derived circulating cell free DNA จากพลาสม่าของผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการวินิจฉัยเป็นมะเร็งปอดชนิดเซลไม่เล็กระยะลุกลาม มาทำการตรวจ semiquantitative PCR โดยตรวจหา VDJ segment gene ของ T cell โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์หลักเพื่อหาความชุกของการตรวจพบ T cell derived circulating cell free DNA นอกจากนั้นยังมีการเอาชิ้นเนื้อมาทำการตรวจ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte โดยย้อมดู CD3 เพื่อหาความสัมพันธ์กับ T cell derived circulating cell free DNA และปัจจัยอื่นๆ รวมทั้งอัตราการรอดชีวิตโดยรวมของผู้ป่วย ผลการศึกษา: ผู้ป่วยทั้งสิ้น 106 คน ตรวจพบระดับของ T cell derived circulating cell free DNA โดยพบมีความชุกเท่ากับร้อยละ 73 และไม่พบว่า T cell derived circulating cell free DNA มีความสัมพันธ์ กับ CD3 positive TIL นอกจากนั้นยังพบว่าสัดส่วนระหว่าง T cell derived circulating cell free DNA ต่อRPP30 มีแนวโน้มที่จะเป็นปัจจัยพยากรณ์โรคในแง่ของอัตราการรอดชีวิตโดยรวม อีกทั้งจากการวิเคราะห์multivariate เพื่อดูความสัมพันธ์ของแต่ละปัจจัยพบว่า การสูบบุหรี่มีความสัมพันธ์กับ ระดับของ T cell derived circulating cell free DNA คือ ผู้ป่วยที่สูบบุหรี่จะตรวจพบระดับของ T cell derived circulating cell free DNA น้อยกว่าคนที่ไม่สูบบุหรี่อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ สรุปผล: พบว่ามี T cell derived circulating cell free DNA เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของ circulating cell free DNA ที่ไม่ได้มาจากเซลมะเร็งในผู้ป่วยมะเร็งปอดชนิดเซลไม่เล็กจริง
Histopathologic difference between sinonasal mucosa and polyp tissue for diagnosing eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors:   , Thaitrakool Wanrawee
Published: September 2023

This study aims to assess the appropriate site for diagnosing eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) by histopathology. Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP) were enrolled. Specimens were collected from polyp apex, polyp pedicle, polyp scraping and ethmoid mucosa. Number of tissue eosinophil of the four samples was assessed with intrapersonal comparison for diagnosing ECRS. Correlations with clinical characteristics of ECRS were assessed for each site. Results showed that thirty patients with CRSwNP were enrolled. Polyp apex, polyp pedicle and ethmoid mucosa gave similar results for diagnosing ECRS in 16 patients (53.3%). Median tissue eosinophil was greater in polyp apex (84, IQR: 34-194) and polyp pedicle (96, IQR: 80-320) than ethmoid mucosa (21, IQR: 10-220), p=0.04. Sensitivity for diagnosing ECRS were 100% (95%CI: 47.8 - 100) for polyp apex, 60% (95%CI: 14.7 - 94.7) for polyp pedicle, 80% (95%CI: 28.4 – 99.5) for ethmoid mucosa. Correlations with asthma were significant for polyp pedicle (p=0.05), and ethmoid mucosa (p=0.04) but not polyp apex (p=0.21). Correlations with serum eosinophilia, and eosinophilic mucin were not significant. Tissue eosinophil from polyp scraping only correlated with ehtmoid mucosa. Consequently, density of tissue eosinophil was greater in nasal polyp than ethmoid mucosa. Polyp apex had greater sensitivity for diagnosing ECRS than others. Polyp pedicle and ethmoid mucosa correlated with asthma. Tissue eosinophil from polyp scraping only correlated with ehtmoid mucosa.
การศึกษาเปรียบเทียบประสิทธิภาพระหว่างการสลายนิ่วโดยการใช้กล้องสปายกลาสร่วมกับเลเซอร์และ การสลายนิ่วโดยไม่ใช้เลเซอร์ร่วม ในผู้ป่วยที่มีนิ่วขนาดใหญ่ในท่อน้ำดี
Authors:   , กุลพัชรพงศ์ สันติ
Published: September 2023

ที่มา: การขยายขนาดหูรูดท่อน้ำดีด้วยบอลลูนขนาดใหญ่เป็นวิธีที่มีประสิทธิภาพในการนำนิ่วออกจากท่อน้ำดี อย่างไรก็ดียังมีผู้ป่วยส่วนหนึ่งจำเป็นต้องมีการใช้อุปกรณ์เพื่อทำการสลายนิ่ว วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อเปรียบเทียบประสิทธิภาพระหว่าการสลายนิ่วด้วยกล้องส่องทางเดินน้ำดีโดยตรงหรือกล้องสปายกลาส ร่วมกับการใช้เลเซอร์ในการสลายนิ่ว กับการสลายนิ่วด้วยเครื่องมือสลายนิ่วเชิงกลโดยใช้ตะกร้อขบในผู้ป่วยที่มีนิ่วในท่อน้ำดีขนาดใหญ่ที่ไม่สามารถนำนิ่วออกจากท่อน้ำดีภายหลังการถ่ายขยายหูรูดทางเดินน้ำดีด้วยบอลลูนขนาดใหญ่ วิธีการศึกษา: ผู้ป่วยทั้งสิ้น 32 รายที่ไม่สามารถนำนิ่วออกได้ภายหลังการถ่างขยายท่อน้ำดีด้วยบอลลูนขนาดใหญ่ถูกนำเข้าสู่การศึกษาโดยถูกสุ่มให้ถูกใช้วิธีการสลายนิ่วด้วยกล้องสปายกลาสร่วมกับการใช้เลเซอร์ (CL) และกลุ่มที่ใช้การสลายนิ่วด้วยเครื่องมือสลายนิ่วเชิงกลโดยการใช้ตะกร้อขบ (ML) โดยเปรียบเทียบอัตราการประสบความสำเร็จของการนำนิ่วออกหมดภายในการส่องกล้องทาเดินน้ำดีครั้งแรก ผลการศึกษา: ผู้ป่วยกลุ่ม CL มีอัตราการประสบความสำเร็จในการนำนิ่วออกทั้งหมดในการส่องกล้องทางเดินน้ำดีครั้งแรกมากกว่า และใช้เวลาในการใช้เครื่องเอ๊กซเรย์ฟลูโอโรสโคปี้รวมถึงปริมาณรังสีที่ผู้ป่วยได้รับน้อยกว่ากลุ่ม ML อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ สรุปผล: ในผู้ป่วยที่มีนิ่วในท่อน้ำดีขนาดใหญ่ที่ไม่ประสบความสำเร็จในการนำนิ่วออกภายหลังการขยายหูรูดทางเดินน้ำดีด้วยบอลลูนขนาดใหญ่ การใช้เลเซอร์เป็นทางเลือกที่ดีกว่าการใช้ตะกร้อขบนิ่วเนื่องจากมีประสิทธิภาพที่ดีกว่า และได้รับปริมาณรังสีน้อยกว่า
ความชุกของความผิดปกติทางพยาธิสภาพของกระดูกจากโรคไตในผู้ป่วยโรคไตเรื้อรังชาวไทยที่ได้รับการฟอกเลือดด้วยเครื่องไตเทียม
Authors:   , เลาวเลิศ สุธานิธิ
Published: September 2023

ที่มา: การดูแลรักษาภาวะระดับพาราไทรอยด์ฮอร์โมนเกินแบบทุติยภูมิในผู้ป่วยโรคไตเรื้อรังได้รับพัฒนาเป็นอย่างมากในช่วงหลังแต่ยังขาดหลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์อีกหลายประการ เนื่องจากการวินิจฉัยมาตรฐานจำเป็นต้องอาศัยการตรวจทางพยาธิสภาพของกระดูก ปัจจุบันแนวทางเวชปฏิบัติได้แนะนำระดับพาราไทรอยด์ฮอร์โมนเป้าหมายโดยมีพิสัยค่อนข้างกว้าง ดังนั้นการสืบหาระดับพาราไทรอยด์ฮอร์โมนที่เหมาะสมในกลุ่มประชากรจำเพาะจึงมีความจำเป็น โดยเฉพาะในประชากรไทย การศึกษานี้จัดทำขึ้นเพื่อศึกษาหาความชุกของของภาวะความผิดปกติทางกระดูกแต่ละชนิดของผู้ป่วยโรคไตเรื้อรังที่ได้รับการฟอดเลือดในประชากรไทยโดยใช้การเจาะตรวจกระดูกเพื่อตรวจพยาธิสภาพของกระดูก และเพื่อประเมินความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างสารบ่งชี้ทางชีวภาพกระดูกและพยาธิสภาพกระดูก รวมถึงประเมินระดับที่เหมาะสมของระดับพาราไทรอยด์ฮอร์โมน วิธีการศึกษา: การศึกษานี้เป็นการศึกษาภาคตัดขวางในผู้ป่วยโรคไตเรื้อรังชาวไทยที่ได้รับการฟอกเลือดด้วยเครื่องไตเทียม มีผู้เข้าร่วมการศึกษาทั้งหมด 22 คน โดยจะได้รับการตรวจวัดระดับพาราไทรอยด์ฮอร์โมน แคลเซียม ฟอสเฟต วิตามินดี สารบ่งชี้ทางชีวภาพกระดูก ได้แก่ tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b และ bone specific alkaline phosphatase และจะได้รับการตรวจพยาธิสภาพของกระดูกโดยใช้เทคนิคการติดฉลากกระดูกด้วยยาเตตราซัยคลิน เพื่อใช้ประกอบการวัดพารามิเตอร์โดยโปรแกรมคอมพิวเตอร์เฉพาะทาง ชนิดของภาวะความผิดปกติทางกระดูกจะถูกจำแนกตาม การหมุนเวียนของกระดูก การสะสมแร่ธาตุในกระดูก และ ปริมาตรกระดูก นอกจากนี้ผู้ป่วยจะได้รับการวัดมวลกระดูกและระดับแคลเซียมสะสมในหลอดเลือดหัวใจ ผลการศึกษา: ผู้เข้าร่วมการศึกษามีอายุเฉลี่ย 48 ±10 ปี ระดับพาราไทรอยด์ฮอร์โมนเฉลี่ย 523±238 พิโคกรัมต่อมิลลิลิตร ระยะเวลาในการบำบัดทดแทนไตด้วยการฟอกไตเฉลี่ย 64 เดือน พบว่าภาวะ adynamic bone disease ถึงร้อยละ 50 osteitis fibrosa พบได้ร้อยละ 40.9 และ mixed uremic osteodystrophy พบได้ร้อยละ 9.1 ไม่พบผู้เข้าร่วมการศึกษาที่ได้รับการวินิจฉัยเป็นภาวะกระดูกน่วมหรืออะลูมินัมเป็นพิษ ระดับพาราไทรอยด์ฮอร์โมนที่ 484.5 พิโคกรัมต่อมิลลิลิตร สามารถใช้ทำนายภาวะหมุนเวียนกระดูกสูงได้พื้นที่ใต้เส้นโค้งเท่ากับ 0.86 (ช่วงความเชื่อมั่นร้อยละ 95 ที่ 0.70-1.0) โดยมีความไวและความจำเพาะเป็น 0.82 และ 0.82 ตามลำดับ สรุปผลการศึกษา: Adynamic bone disease เป็นชนิดของความผิดปกติทางกระดูกในผู้ป่วยโรคไตเรื้อรังชาวไทยที่ได้รับการฟอกเลือดที่พบมากที่สุด ถึงแม้ระดับพาราไทรอยด์ฮอร์โมนจะอยู่ใกล้เกณฑ์พิสัยบนของระดับพาราไทรอยด์ฮอร์โมนเป้าหมายตามแนวทางเวชปฏิบัติ KDIGO การศึกษานี้แสดงให้เห็นว่าการเจาะตรวจกระดูกเพื่อตรวจพยาธิสภาพของกระดูกเพื่อการวินิจฉัยภาวะความผิดปกติทางกระดูกในผู้ป่วยโรคไตเรื้อรังยังเป็นเครื่องมือมาตรฐานและมีความจำเป็นเพื่อให้ได้รับการวินิจฉัยที่ถูกต้องและช่วยในการเลือกการรักษาที่เหมาะสมในผู้ป่วยโรคไตเรื้อรังที่มีภาวะความผิดปกติทางกระดูก
Automatic 3D Hair Model from Small Set of Images
Authors:   , Vanakittistien Nuttapon
Published: September 2023

We present a system for creating hair model that matches a user's hairstyle from images. The model consists of guide hair strands and can be used in a real-time hair simulator. Our goal differs from most previous work which aims to create realistic high resolution hair for off-line applications or create mesh of the exterior of the hair volume for image manipulation. Our primary aim is for user to be able to put his/her hairstyle into game or other real-time applications. By taking photos in 8 views of the user's head using a smart phone camera and segmenting images with some easy to use tools, the player will obtain his/her own hair model in NVIDIA's HairWorks, which is a hair simulator used in many games. We show a number of results demonstrating the capabilities of our system in this thesis.
NEW LOCATION RECOMMENDATION TECHNIQUE ON NETWORK
Authors:   , Choenaksorn Sutarat
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, recommender systems play a crucial role in our daily life as can be seen from numerous websites that utilize the systems to recommend interesting items for their visitors, such as lonelyplanet.com, netfliex.com etc. From operational viewpoint, the recommender system is embedded in several domains by which it is categorized based on their usage. For example, lonelyplanet.com is categorized as a Location-Domain while netflex.com is in a Movie-Domain. In fact, the interesting attractions from traveling websites or movie selections from movie online sites are part of the recommendation outcome. To analyze the user’s preferences, many methods have been widely used including Content-based filtering and Collaborative filtering. Nevertheless, both methods have different benefits and drawbacks. As a result, a hybrid recommender system using more than one technique has been proposed to supplement the short-coming of one technique by the strength of the other technique. Additionally, with the popularity of social network, the new social filtering technique has also been deployed to search for the impact among users on the social network. This thesis proposed a novel method to recommend tourist attractions for the visitors implemented on the location-domain with the combination of 3 recommender system techniques: Content-based filtering, Collaborative filtering, and social-filtering. The comparative results show that the proposed method yields better performance of coverage result and NDCG average score than the other two methods.
CONTEMPORARY LEARNING SPACES: NORTH BANGKOK DEMONSTRATION SCHOOL
Authors:   , Janma Thanyaporn
Published: September 2023

Schools are places to strengthen learning for youths. At present the content of academic and educational philosophy develops rapidly through technology and society changes but most schools buildings and environments are inconsistent and do not support contemporary learning. As a result, students lack the most effective learning opportunity. However, there are a number of schools that pay attention to their architectural and environmental design to promote students’ learning contents and new education philosophy leading to the starting point of this thesis. This thesis studied factors in selecting the learning spaces of Grade 1 – Grade 6 students in order to determine what kind of spaces and architectural elements promote contemporary learning. The outcome of the study based on observation and analysis compared to the theory being used in the design of North Bangkok Demonstration School. The study of such analysis and design found that the factors that encourage students to use the spaces in the building and contemporary learning environment are privacy, appropriate environment and the proximity to nature.
Multiple Face Detection and Recognition on Embedded Computer Vision System
Authors:   , Saypadith Savath
Published: September 2023

Face recognition is widely used in many applications such as biometric for authentication, surveillance system, user-identification, and personalized technology. The state-of-the-art algorithm based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) can achieve up to 99% of recognition accuracy. However, there is a limitation to implement the CNN based technique into embedded system to recognize multiple face in real-time as it requires extensive computation. In this thesis, we propose a framework for multiple face recognition which consists of face detection algorithm, face recognition, and tracking. Our face recognition algorithm based on state of the art deep CNN with small computational parameters. The tracking is very effective to track the face within the scene. These lead to the reduction of the recognition processing time. We implemented the proposed framework into the NVIDIA Jetson TX2 board. The experimental results show that our proposed framework can recognize multiple faces up to 8 faces at the same time in real time with 5-10 fps of processing time and the recognition rate up to 90%.
THE ACQUISITION ORDER OF L2 ENGLISH INFINITIVE AND GERUND COMPLEMENTS BY L1 THAI LEARNERS: A USAGE-BASED APPROACH
Authors:   , Keawchaum Raksina
Published: September 2023

The current study aimed to investigate the frequency effects on the acquisition of L2 English infinitive and gerund complements among L1 Thai learners. The participants were first-year undergraduate students from Chulalongkorn University. They were categorized into the low and the high proficiency groups based on their CU-TEP scores. Each group consisted of 30 participants. The participants were required to complete the Word Selection Task (WST) and the Grammaticality Judgement Test (GJT). Two research hypotheses were formulated based on the usage-based theory. First, it was hypothesized that Thai learners would acquire the infinitive complements before the gerund complements and the findings conformed to the hypothesis. It was claimed that the learners acquired the infinitive complements first because they were the high type frequency construction. In contrast, the learners acquired the gerund complements later because they were the low frequency construction. In other words, the high type frequency construction facilitated L2 English learners because they were exposed more to this construction type. Second, it was hypothesized that the frequency of verbs occurring in the target complements constructions would contribute to the entrenchment of the Thai learners’ low level constructional schemas (i.e. the abstract representations of constructions which were lexically specific) and their language. The results, however, partially confirmed the second hypothesis as the findings indicated that the frequency of verbs occurring in the target complements constructions did not contribute to the strengthening of the Thai learners’ low level constructional schemas and affect their language use. The results of the study contributed to the concept of frequency and its vital role in the SLA context.
Effect of operating conditions and ion contaminations on electro coagulation and oxidation processes for water quality improvement
Authors:   , Theng Vouchlay
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of ion contaminations and operating conditions on Electro Coagulation (EC) and Oxidation (EO) in turbidity and natural organic matter (NOM) removal. The experiments were conducted in 4 liters column. Ferrous and calcium were chosen as contaminated ions. The operating condition was varied in terms of initial pH and current density. 100 NTU turbidity and 70 mg/L NOM were synthesized from bentonite and humic acid (HA), respectively. The results showed that bipolar arrangement of electrodes with 2 cm gap was the optimal condition in terms of gas flow rate and electrode corrosive ratio (Qg/Loss) as well as the treatment performance. From kinetic study, turbidity was removed through destabilization mechanism while HA was removed faster by physical attractive force and sweep floc mechanism. The optimal operation time was found at 20 minutes. It was then selected for analyzing the effect of co-ions and operating conditions. Based on the result, calcium, ferrous, and initial pH were significant effect on turbidity removal while current density, initial pH, and ferrous were significant effect on HA removal. The optimal condition on turbidity removal was found at ferrous 1 mg/L, calcium 18 mg/L, initial pH 8, and current density 3.4 mA/cm2. HA was obtained at ferrous 25 mg/L, calcium 8 mg/L, initial pH 5, and current density 4 mA/cm2. The effluent of the worst condition of HA was then taken place for EO process. Aluminum cathode and conductive carbon coated onto graphite anode were the best condition for EO electrode material. The optimal condition was found at current density 5.5 mA/cm2 and operating time 20 minutes in monopolar arrangement for EO process to remove 37 mg/L HA.
Microleakage of enamel preservation at gingival wall of class ii resin composite restorations (nanofilled vs bulk-fill)
Authors:   , Pisuttiwong Onladda
Published: September 2023

Objectives. This in vitro study tested the hypothesis that preserving a thin enamel layer at the gingival margin and using bulk-fill resin composites could minimize microleakage of class II resin composite. Materials and Methods. Thirty-six human third molars were randomly divided into three groups of 12 specimens each: Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative in Capsules (BFC), Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative in Syringes (BFS) and Filtek Z350 XT (Z350). Teeth were prepared on two sides for a class II cavity (3 mm buccolingually x 2 mm mesiodistally at occlusal and 1.5 mm at coronal x 4 mm of axial depth) with 0.5 mm under the CEJ on one side (NP) and 0.5x1 mm of thin enamel at the gingival margin was preserved on the other side (EP). The teeth were then restored, thermocycled, immersed in 0.5% methylene blue solution for 24 hours and sectioned mesiodistally through the restorations. Dye penetration was evaluated at the gingival margin by three blinded examiners using a 0-4 ordinal scale. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn test were used to compare differences in microleakage scores among the three restorative materials. Mann-Whitney U test was utilized to analyze the difference between enamel preserved (EP) and non-enamel preserved sides (NP) in the same restorative material. Tests were performed with the level of significance at a = 0.05. Results. Mann-Whitney U test showed that the “NP” groups had significantly higher microleakage score than the “EP” groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in microleakage scores among the three restorative materials (P < 0.05). Compared to “Z350”, the “EP” group, “BFC” and “BFS” had significantly less microleakage score (P = 0.001) (P = 0.028). The “NE” group, “BFC” had significantly less microleakage score than “Z350” (P = 0.001). Conclusions. Preserving thin layer of enamel (“EP”) and use of two bulk-fill products (“BFC” and “BFS”) reduced microleakage of class II resin composite.
THE LONGEVITY OF CERAMIC VENEERS: CLINICAL EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND ESTHETIC PERFORMANCES OF CERAMIC VENEERS UP TO 7-YEARS RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors:   , Monaraks Rapeepan
Published: September 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the longevity and mechanical, biological and aesthetic performance of ceramic veneers placed after 5 to 7 years in service. Materials and Methods: Ceramic veneer restorations were clinically examined following modified from the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria. Clinical evaluation was performed by two clinicians regarding mechanical, biological and aesthetic performances during maintenance appointments between September 2016 and August 2017. Intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability were evaluated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient and inter-examiner calibration. The results were analysed by Kaplan-Meier survival estimation method and log-rank test at a 95% confidence level. Results: One hundred and sixty-three veneers were placed in 26 patients with mean clinical service of 68.1 ± 0.66 months. Overall survival rate of the veneer restoration was 97.5% with 2.5% (4 veneers) presenting clinically unacceptable problems such as fracture and debonding. The aesthetic parameter was rated as excellent by 99.4% (n = 162). Caries was not detected in any teeth. Radiographic examination determined the development of a periapical lesion in one patient after veneer placement. Most patients were comfortable with the restoration and satisfied with the aesthetic results. Conclusion: Ceramic veneers demonstrated a high survival rate with most failure cases resulting from fracture and debonding.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE EU'S COLLECTIVE IDENTITY ON SMART SANCTIONS IMPOSED ON RUSSIA AND THEIR EFFECT ON RUSSIAN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   , Dash Sunil
Published: September 2023

Beginning in early 2014, the EU introduced and extended a range of smart sanctions against Russia in protest at Russian involvement in destabilizing Ukraine and violation of Ukraine's territorial integrity. By utilizing theoretical elements of constructivism with process tracing method, this thesis examines the influence of the EU’s collective identity on smart sanctions imposed on Russia. The analysis finds that the EU’s “collective identity” stipulated the “objective interests” and “subjective interests” to its actors and influenced the “actions” of smart sanctions by extending extra restrictive measures for Russian financial institutions to increase the cost of smart sanctions imposed on Russia. Thus, the thesis then analyses the impact of smart sanctions on Russian financial institutions. This was done through regression analyses with a dataset that covers 6 sanctioned and 31 non-sanctioned Russian banks. Sanctioned banks are identified by examining the EU’s and the US’s sectoral sanctions lists and those associated with individuals on the EU’s restrictive measures lists and the specially designated nationals lists of the US. The regression results suggest that after facing smart sanctions, sanctioned banks or banks associated with sanctioned individuals are less profitable compared with non-sanctioned banks. Furthermore, content analysis of annual reports of sanctioned banks reflects the vulnerability of Russian banking sector towards smart sanctions; which curbed the financial position of Russian banks. Thus, smart sanctions on Russia appear to be “smart” in targeting the Russian financial institutions.
DOCTORAL MUSIC PERFORMANCE: TECHNIQUE AND EVOLUTION OF MODERN GUITAR PERFORMANCE
Authors:   , Chantanakajornfung Apichai
Published: September 2023

It was around the mid-nineteenth century that the guitar almost sank into oblivion due to the rising popularity of the piano. Fortunately, the art of guitar performance was still cultivated by certain figures residing mostly in Spain. One of them was the so-called 'father of modern guitar' - Francisco Tárrega (1852-1909), a guitarist who devoted all his life to bring back the legend and prestige of the instrument. Another figure who gave a great contribution to the history of the instrument was Andrés Segovia (1893-1987). Because of these ardent efforts of the past, the current guitar scene is very profound and promising. Two representative guitarists of the new generation are Julian Bream (1933-) and John Williams (1941-). They have also followed the path of their precursors and made many contributions to the instrument. Nowadays, excellent concert guitarists are sharing their platform all over the world with original repertoire written by contemporary guitarist composers, as in the past when guitarists were often composers as well. The performance of three concerts represents three different periods from the birth of the modern guitar to the present generation. It displays music from the period of Francisco Tárrega, Andrés Segovia and their descendants. The technique and performance aspects conceived for these concerts were derived from a combination of the power of nature and Tao philosophy.
Preparation and antimicrobial activity of olive oil nanoemulsions
Authors:   , Jaemsak Kusuma
Published: September 2023

Due to their health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and also antimicrobial activities, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has received much attention in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Nanoemulsions (NEs) solubilize and increase absorption and bioavailability of lipophilic substances (i.e. olive oil). However, there is insufficient data in the formation of olive oil NEs. This study aimed to investigate the formation of oil-in-water NEs containing EVOO using low-energy approach and high-energy approach. NEs were characterized for size, polydispersity and zeta potential after storage at different conditions for up to 180 days. They were determined for antimicrobial susceptibility. From the result, NEs prepared by low energy emulsification using Tween® 80 (surfactant) indicated the requirement of co-surfactant (Imwitor® 308) to form NEs with smaller droplet sizes (< 200 nm). An increase in oil amount resulted in larger NEs droplets and more surfactant needed to form an interfacial film of droplet. For NEs prepared by high energy ultrasonication, parameters to generate the optimal NEs were ultrasound amplitude 25%, treatment time 5 min and input energy 2250 J. NEs containing 5% EVOO, 30% surfactant and 15% co-surfactant (T30 O5) was the most stable after storage at 25 °C ± 2 °C / 60% RH ± 5% RH, 30 °C ± 2 °C / 65% RH  5% RH and 40 °C ± 2 °C / 75% RH ± 5% for 180 days. The antimicrobial activity of NEs was measured as a zone of inhibition by disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) by broth microdilution method. The results showed that encapsulation of EVOO into NEs increased antimicrobial activity about 42-105 times against bacteria and 28-42 times against fungi compared to corresponding sole EVOO. Furthermore, adding more olive oil in preparation resulted in more antimicrobial activity. T30 O10 was the most effective formulation in antimicrobials against tested organisms. Conclusively, EVOO NEs showed antimicrobial activity which depends on the compositions of EVOO NEs. Further investigation should be the mechanism of NEs as antimicrobials in order to apply the NEs employed in food and pharmaceutical aspects.
Time Series Pattern Discovery Techniques for Well-to-Well Log Correlation
Authors:   , Apiwatsakulchai Chanchai
Published: September 2023

Well log data is one of the most abundant data sources for subsurface characterization since almost all drilled wells are logged. Subsurface characterization requires correlated well log information. Processes to help perform well-to-well log correlation have been developed in this study based on the two approaches: pattern matching and pattern discovery. Pattern matching focuses on finding a known pattern of interest in uncorrelated wells. The use of Euclidean, Hamming, and Levenshtein distances in similarity measurement, Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (PAA), and Symbolic Aggregate approXimation (SAX) data representation helps create reduced-resolution while maintains the main characteristics of the signals. Multi-resolution analysis provides the most probable match from different data resolutions obtained by different discretization levels. The results show that multi-resolution analysis can identify the most probable match from the most frequent data window promoted. The results also show that Levenshtein distance is far superior to Hamming and Euclidean distances in finding the best match even when local variations are present. Pattern discovery focuses on finding repeating patterns without any prior knowledge of patterns that might exist in the well logs. MK (Motif Kymatology) is used as the base algorithm in this study. For the data sets tried in this study, the proposed algorithm can successfully identify repeating patterns. A modified step is incorporated in order to help increase stability of the final correlated well sections. In summary, pattern matching and pattern discovery can be formed as an integrated workflow to support well log correlation task and subsurface characterization.
Designing Efficient Petroleum Fiscal System for Mozambique
Authors:   , Victor Nelson
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, tax regime is designed to attract investment and provide the contractor with fair return on investment, at the same time, provide the host government with adequate resources for rent, thereby resulting in win-win situation. This study analyses the existing petroleum fiscal regime in the Republic of Mozambique and proposes a more efficient and flexible regime. The analysis shows that the government take currently remains at around 39% while the contactors’ net present value (NPV) increases as field sizes and oil prices increase. The current system is considered a regressive system which is inefficient in distributing wealth from oil profit. The proposed system uses sliding-scale corporate tax triggered by annual rate of return (RoR) and discards royalty. The study shows that annual RoR demonstrates a good parameter for this system as it is sensitive to boundary conditions such as oil pricing scenarios and field sizes. This makes the government take increases or decreases in relation to contractors’ profits over time given varying field sizes and oil prices. The petroleum fiscal regime proposed is more progressive as the host government and contractors are both subject to profitability fluctuation. This system could encourage more investors to invest in smaller field sizes or when oil prices are low while allow the host government to gain more benefit from bigger field sizes where profitability potential is higher or when oil prices are high.
Human health risk assessment of cadmium exposure through rice consumption in Mae Tao, Mae Sot District, Tak province
Authors:   , Suwatvitayakorn Parin
Published: September 2023

Mae Tao sub-district is located in the Mae Tao watershed, an important Cd contaminated area in Thailand. This study was conducted to i) investigate total Cd concentration in rice from households in the Mae Tao sub-district and ii) estimate health risks from Cd exposure through rice consumption. A total number of 159 rice samples were collected from households in all 6 villages of the Mae Tao sub-district. These rice samples were digested with concentrated nitric acid and analyzed by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Biodata information and rice consumption behavior were surveyed from the local residents at the same time of rice sample collection to estimate health risks. The results found that the average total Cd concentration in all rice samples (0.2843 mg kg-1) were within the CODEX maximum standard for Cd in rice (0.4 mg kg-1). However, about 19.5% of all rice samples had Cd concentration exceeded the CODEX maximum standard for Cd in rice. There were no significant difference in total Cd concentration between white jasmine rice and sticky rice (p>0.05). However, locally grown rice usually contained higher total Cd concentration than the purchased rice by 1.48 times. When compare the total Cd concentration in each village, the average total Cd concentrations in rice samples from Mae Tao Klang (village No.2) (0.4151 mg kg-1) and Mae Tao San Rongrian (village No.4) (0.5097 mg kg-1) exceeded the CODEX maximum standard by about 1.04 and 1.27 times, respectively. The Cd exposure from the only sticky rice consumption pattern was the highest (2.26 × 10-3 mg kg-1 day-1), followed by both types of rice consumption pattern (1.39 × 10-3 mg kg-1 day-1) and the only white jasmine rice consumption pattern (6.30 × 10-4 mg kg-1 day-1). The Cd exposure in each rice consumption pattern was mainly influenced by the total Cd concentration in rice and the ingestion rate of the local residents. According to the health risk assessment between different rice consumption patterns, the average HQ value of the only sticky rice consumption pattern was the highest (2.2633), followed by both types of rice consumption pattern (1.3870) and the only sticky rice consumption pattern (0.6303). The overall results indicate that the local residents who consumed only sticky rice and both types of rice on a daily basis could experience non-carcinogenic health impacts from Cd exposure through rice consumption.
Assessment of Cadmium Migration into Groundwater in Mae Sot District, Tak Province using Monte Carlo Technique
Authors:   , Thunyawatcharakul Pongsathorn
Published: September 2023

Mae Sot is a district in Tak province that confronts Cd contamination within the area. The target organs for Cd exposure was kidneys and skeletal system which could lead to severe health effects such as renal dysfunction, osteoporosis, bone softening, Itai-Itai disease, and lung cancer. The intention of this study was to examine the sorption behavior of nine soil samples in the study area and applied Monte Carlo technique that would increase model efficiency for Cd migration in to the soil profile. Batch adsorption experiments were performed and fitted with the adsorption isotherms as follows: Linear, Langmuir, and Freundlich isotherms. Moreover, BCR sequential extraction was used to extract bioavailable Cd (BCR1+ BCR2), which used as model initial Cd concentration and Cd concentration in soil profile. HYDRUS-1D was used as a numerical modeling instrument to simulate Cd transportation in the soil profile, and MATLAB was used for Monte Carlo application in HYDRUS-1D. Furthermore, Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) was used to evaluated the numerical model in this study. Batch adsorption experiment showed that seven soil samples were fitted well with Freundlich adsorption isotherm (R2 between 0.957-0.984), while the other two soil samples (S1 and S2) were explained by Langmuir isotherm (R2 between 0.995-0.998). However, BCR sequential extraction from soil samples showed that only 2 soil samples (S4 and S5) can be detected Cd concentration in BCR1 and BCR2 Based on the application of Monte Carlo method in HYDRUS-1D (under the non-equilibrium condition), the result showed that the simulation results are lower than the experimental data with NSE values of 0.223 and -1.606 for S4 and S5, respectively.
Singaporean Malays' Perspectives of Income Inequality and its Impact on their Opportunities in Singapore’s Education System
Authors:   , Tan Ngak
Published: September 2023

Studies on the profile of income inequality revealed that Singaporean Malays continuously occupied the lowest income strata and fared relatively poorer in their academic performance compared to other races. In a highly competitive meritocratic education system that rewards relative merit, yet neglects how unequal backgrounds provided unfair starting points for some, such low-income Malay households may appear to be systemically disadvantaged by income inequality and their access to better education. Under these circumstances, income inequality is further perpetuated. Through the use of focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, my proposed research will seek to understand how Singaporean Malays perceive such income inequality and its adverse impact on their education. In addition, this paper offers insights on what their perceptions could mean. It is hoped that these insights will complement the findings from other academics and point the way to how best engage the Malay community, to improve their lives and help them meet their aspirations despite the inherent challenges they may face and to assure them that they have an equal stake in Singapore's future.
Effects and mechanisms of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) type 1 and type 2 on the permeability and viability of porcine endometrial epithelial cells
Authors:   , Rukarcheep Dran
Published: September 2023

Both PRRSV types 1 and 2 revealed the sign of reproductive disorders associated with a lesion at implantation sites. Impairment of maternal glandular endometrium cell integrity and function by PRRSV infection may impact a proper nourishing fetus. This research was aimed to examine the effects of PRRSV type 1 and type 2 directly on the viability and barrier function of the endometrium using porcine glandular endometrial epithelial cell culture (PEG). The comparison of the route and the strain of PRRSV infection coinciding with their virulent in reproductive epithelia were considered. PEG cells isolated from the 4-6 months old PRRSV-free-herd gilts (n=7 pigs) were cultured in standard media DMEM with 5% fetal bovine serum until 90% confluent. The fresh isolated PRRSV type 1 and type 2 (at TCID100/2 ml) inoculated to either apical or basolateral site of PEG cells for 1 h. The cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed daily. The permeability assessment of barrier function, the measurement of FITC dextran 4 kDa (FD-4) flux and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), were performed at 0, 2, 4 and 6 days post infection (dpi). The expression of TJ protein genes; Cldn 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and ZO-1 were detected by real-time qPCR and normalized with GAPDH at 4 dpi. The viability was determined by MTT assay and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay at 0, 2, 4 and 6 dpi. All PRRSV inoculations to PEG cells produced a various CPE formation upon the inoculation. Apical inoculation with PRRSV type 2 decreased TER and increased FD-4 flux at 4 dpi (p<0.05). This indicates the cytotoxicity of PRRSV type 2 infection. In contrast, basolateral inoculation of PRRSV type 1 and 2 had no effects but maintained the integrity of the TJ barrier reflected by the stable of FD-4 flux through 6 dpi (p<0.05). Both viruses seem to increase the barrier function by up-regulating the barrier builder TJ Cldn5 but down-regulating the pore-forming TJ Cldn7 (p<0.05). The additional TJs gene was differently a target of PRRSV type 1 and 2 infections; Cldn3 and Cldn8 for PRRSV type 1 vs. ZO-1 for PRRSV type 2. However, the alteration of TJs expression induced by PRRSV was not relevant to their effects on TJs barrier functions. In the viability test, PRSSV type 2 increased cell proliferation, although the necrotic cell was concomitantly detected at 2 and 4 dpi (p<0.05). A few necrotic cells were also founded by PRRSV type 1 infection at 2 dpi. All of the cytotoxicity or proliferative effects were recovered at 6 dpi in all PRRSV infected PEG. However, whether the recovery PEG cell has a proper function is suspicious. The conclusion from our findings is PRRSV type 2 has more severity on the TJs barrier leaky and cell death than type 1 PRRSV in porcine endometrium. Since PRRSV can disturb TJs mRNA expression associated with necrosis, mucosal contamination or inoculation with PRRSV may be at risk or associated with PRRSV-induced reproductive disorders.
EXAMINING THE CREATIVE ECONOMY POLICY IN SOUTH KOREA (2013 - 2017): THE CASE OF SEOUL GLOBAL STARTUP CENTER
Authors:   , Khemnantakul Natcha
Published: September 2023

This research examines the structure of the Creative Economy Policy in South Korea and the Seoul Global Startup Center by studying its structure and characteristics. The research was conducted through the collecting of primary data by an in-depth interview and analyzed using the SWOT analysis. This research points out that government agencies set goals and strategies for an effective Creative Economy Policy to support Korean citizen in turning their ideas into valuable products and services. The government also made efforts in establishing centers to support startups in conducting research and development. Among numerous centers in Korea, the Seoul Global Startup seeks to support foreigner startups through a sustainable system. The study also depicts that the Seoul Global Startup Center has potentials to benefit South Korea by increasing income, creating more jobs to resolve the unemployment issues in South Korea.
ASEAN Way: Challenges to ASEAN Capital Market Integration
Authors:   , Srinopnikom Tir
Published: September 2023

This research argues that the ASEAN Way of respecting sovereignty, non-interference, consensus and flexibility causes partial success of ASEAN capital market integration. Although the ASEAN Way is vital to the existence of ASEAN, and there are several innovations that were built on the basis of the ASEAN Way, such as regional cooperation concerning bond market development, financial services liberalisation and investor protection. However, the ASEAN Way has significantly influenced the intensity of institutionalisation and legalisation processes of ASEAN regionalisation. Critically, there remain significant disparities in the regulatory, normative, and cognitive institutions in the financial markets among the ASEAN countries. This research argues that the ASEAN Way is the strong point of ASEAN, whose elasticity prevents the institution from falling apart; however, the ASEAN Way has critically influenced the institutionalisation and legalisation processes of ASEAN, and at the same time has caused implementation gaps across ASEAN member countries. This research uses a comparative analysis between ASEAN and the existing, global financial cooperation, for instance, the EU, in order to distinguish the distinctive characters and the influences of the ASEAN Way on regional capital market integration. It then compares the implementation efforts of ASEAN members to investigate how the ASEAN Way triggers discrepancies among ASEAN members that eventually impede the goal of integrating the regional capital markets.
A three-echelon multi-commodity location-routing problem
Authors:   , Sanghatawatana Patanapong
Published: September 2023

This research studies the problem of distribution network design. The purposes of this study are 1) to develop the mathematical model for redesign of current distribution network by focusing on reducing total distribution cost and 2) to develop new solution approach for large-scale complicated problem. This research formulates mixed integer linear programming for the three-echelon two-commodity Location Routing Problem (LRP). The objective function is to minimize facility operating and closure cost and distance cost. Due to large-scale of LRP, which is NP-hardness, this research proposes new sequential solution approach as following steps; 1) decomposing the LRP into two subproblems based on its structure, 2) establishing route by clustering algorithm and identifying shortest route from Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), and 3) allocating proper warehouse and service center. The proposed model is tested by using data of distribution network from actual case, which consists of five distributed zones. In analyzed phase, both of the distribution network redesign for each particular zone and allowing the distribution across all zones are considered. Additionally, this research conducts sensitivity analysis on each problem. Totally, there are 66 scenarios to perform. The result indicates that solving all zones simultaneously contributes lower cost than solving each zone separately. The proposed solution provides better answer than solving the problem by exact approach, which gives lower cost with shorter computation time. Moreover, the solutions of the proposed model are tested in stochastic environmental by simulation technique. The results show that the redesign of distribution network by proposed model can provide better quality of answer than the current network.
A study of criteria for air cargo terminal classification model
Authors:   , Rodbundith Treephis
Published: September 2023

Global air cargo transportation has performed a significant role to the trade industry over the past decades for goods delivery. Airlines transport approximately 51.3 million metric tons of goods, or more than one third of worldwide trade or USD 6.8 trillion by value annually. Air cargo terminal is a key success of airlines in the supply chain network at airports. This study is aimed to explore and analyze important criteria of air cargo terminals on the integration of 63 criteria from previous researches of practical operations and International Air Transport Association regulated standard services. To examine reviewed criteria, this paper investigates the criteria significance by 57 of 75 air cargo terminal operators around the world except in Thailand covering 474 air cargo terminals in 6 continents. Also, this research cooperatively evaluates the criteria and employs Factor Analysis by using Principal Component Analysis program for criteria reduction with the similarity. The result of final validation from aviation experts, academicians, government bodies, air cargo logistics service providers and airlines in air cargo related industries reveal that 9 integrated criteria with 44 sub-criteria and factors loading scores are remained important. The significant criteria are studied with air cargo terminal operators in Suvarnabhumi, Chiang Mai, Don Muang and Phuket international airports as a sampling to testify the criteria and model from the first phase finding. There are 5 of 7 operators who participate this assessment only in Suvarnabhumi, Chiang Mai and Phuket international airports. Raw data is given and input in Hierarchical Cluster Analysis program to cluster all 5 air cargo terminal operators into 2, 3 and 4 classifications homogenously. Thai Airways as an air cargo terminal operator in Suvarnabhumi international airport is clustered separately in one classification and obviously outstanding from the other 4 air cargo terminal operators and all classification are presented. Still, strength and weakness of Thai Airways in each criteria and all 9 main criteria are analyzed as results from second phase finding of this research and compared with the best practice of air cargo airport namely Hong Kong international airport. Also, this is proven that the significant criteria are workable and practical for air cargo terminal classification model as a new body of knowledge for third phase finding. Later, the  9 main criteria with 44 sub-criteria and factor loading scores are constructed into the guideline and check list that are available for academicians, air cargo terminal operators, government bodies and interested stake holders around the world to prepare and apply to their business and academic purposes.
Effects of food on growth and gonadal development of seahorse Hippocampus sp.
Authors:   , Kamnurdnin Thatpon
Published: September 2023

Hippocampus sp. has received attention as a source of aquarium and ornamental trade. Seahorses have been threatened from non-target fisheries, habitat loss and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In response to concern about a decrease of population in the wild, an aquaculture of this species may provide the seahorse numbers for the commercial demands. However, one of the critical problems in aquaculture is the proper dietary for growth and their development. Therefore, this study was conducted on different types of preys on survival rates, growth rates and gonadal development in Hippocampus sp. during the day of birth until the 31day after birth (DAB). The newborn Hippocampus sp. was reared under the optimal environmental conditions at the hatchery of Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC). The feeding treatments provided to newborns Hippocampus sp. were Artemia, wild Mysis spp., shrimp larvae and enriched copepod. The study conducted into 2 aspects: growth rates and survival rate, and gonadal development. In the case of Hippocampus sp. growth, none of the Artemia-fed group survived. The Mysis-fed group has the highest in growth rates and survival rates followed by the shrimp larvae-fed group and enriched copepod-fed group. For gonadal development, only ovaries of Hippocampus sp. were observed under histological level. The duration of oocyte growth in Mysis-fed group was shorter than the shrimp larvae–fed group and the enriched copepod-fed group, respectively. The result of growth rates and gonadal development are also related to highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) contents in preys, which was observed high contents HUFA in Mysis spp., shrimp larvae and enriched copepod, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that the Mysis spp. and shrimp larvae could be provided as an optimal prey for Hippocampus sp. growth and gonadal development. Therefore, this feed could be applied to improve the seahorse aquaculture in the future.