bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why People Should Care About Light‐Field Displays
Authors: Wetzstein Gordon
Published: January 2019

Light‐field displays have a wide range of potential applications, including 3‐D television and projection systems, technologies for vision assessment and correction, and small form factors with support for focus cues in head‐mounted displays.
Emissive Projection Technology Enables a Full‐Windshield Head‐Up Display
Authors: Sun Ted
Published: January 2019

The authors have developed a full‐windshield head‐up display (FW‐HUD) for automotive applications. This new display is based on emissive projection display technology, and forms photo‐quality images on a fully transparent RGB emissive screen, after selective excitation of the screen by images in multiple ultra‐violet wavebands from a projector. With this FW‐HUD, information can be graphically displayed anywhere on a windshield without limitation on viewing angles.
Next‐Generation Head‐Up Displays
Authors: Rankin Alan , Thompson Jason
Published: January 2019

HUD 2.0 may function as a primary information‐display technology for vehicle drivers rather than a source of merely helpful or ancillary information.
Automotive Applications for Passive‐Matrix OLEDs
Authors: Hatfield Jeff , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Nonaka Akihiro
Published: January 2019

Passive‐matrix OLED technologies offer some excellent advantages for automotive designers. However, consideration also needs to be given to factors that could affect design performance, including luminance decay, burn‐in, power consumption, and color availability.
Products on Display at Display Week 2015
Authors:   The Editorial Staff
Published: January 2019

Some of the products on display at North America's largest electronic‐display exhibition are previewed.
Touch‐Panel Market Dynamics and Trends
Authors: Hsieh Calvin
Published: January 2019

Despite market maturity in consumer applications, the touch industry is experiencing new, dynamic competition that will lead to enhanced user experiences in 2015.
Microdisplays, Near‐to‐Eye, and 3D
Authors: Sechrist Steve
Published: January 2019

New display technologies, including some new twists on tried‐and‐true display technologies, are helping displays integrate ever more seamlessly with the devices we use every day.
Advanced Imaging Colorimetry
Authors: Konjhodžić Ðenan , Khrustalev Peter , Young Richard
Published: January 2019

Implementing advanced methods of display metrology enables highly accurate luminance and color‐imaging measurements to be performed. The next generation of high‐accuracy imaging colorimeters benefits from a combined approach of recording additional data and utilizing a matrix‐based optimization algorithm.
Amorphous‐Metal Thin Films Enable Ultra‐High‐Definition Display Backplanes
Authors: Muir Sean , Meyer Jim , Brewer John
Published: January 2019

Amorphous‐metal thin films can enable a new generation of TFT‐free display backplanes for ultra‐high‐definition (UHD) LCD TVs. This technology builds upon previous efforts to commercialize dual‐select thin‐film‐diode backplanes and addresses issues faced by TFTs in UHD‐TV applications through use of the amorphous‐metal non‐linear resistor. Demonstrating the reliability of amorphous‐metal‐based tunneling electronics and the scalability of these materials to panel‐size processing tools are now the key challenges for this technology.
China Continues to Expand Display Operations
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

The country's recent economic setbacks have done little to slow the progress of new fabs in China.
True Color: The Road to Better Front‐of‐Screen Performance
Authors: Peana Stefan , Sullivan Jim
Published: January 2019

The authors have created an architecture that optimizes image processing across a complex display ecosystem, including smartphones, tablets, and desktop panels.
2016 SID Honors and Awards
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

This year's winners of the Society for Information Display's Honors and Awards include Ho Kyoon Chung, who will receive the Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize for his contributions to the large‐scale commercialization and technology development of AMOLED displays; Seung Hee Lee, who will be awarded the Jan Rajchman Prize for his invention, product development, commercialization, and basic research of fringe‐field‐switching LCD devices; Nikhil Balram, who will receive the Otto Schade Prize for his outstanding contributions to image, video, and display processing technology and development of objective image‐quality benchmarking methodology that helped bring world‐class image quality to mainstream consumer displays; Shunsuke Kobayashi, who will be awarded the Slottow–Owaki Prize for his long‐term outstanding contributions to the education and training of students and professionals in LCD science and technology; and Anthony C. Lowe, who will receive the Lewis and Beatrice Winner Award for his outstanding and sustained contributions to the leadership and governance of the Society and the exceptional benefit provided to SID's members throughout his editorship of the Wiley/SID book series.
Sensor Architecture: The Evolution of Digital Signage and Intelligent Visual Communications
Authors: Boidman Mark
Published: January 2019

Proximity networks and beacon software are being used to enhance the digital‐signage experience for retailers, venue owners, and customers in stores and other public locations.
Advances in Head‐Mounted Light‐Field Displays for Virtual and Augmented Reality
Authors: Hua Hong
Published: January 2019

Head‐mounted light‐field displays render a true 3D scene by sampling either the projections of the 3D scene at different depths or the directions of the light rays apparently emitted by the 3D scene and viewed from different eye positions. Head‐mounted light‐field displays are capable of rendering correct or nearly correct focus cues and addressing the well‐known vergence–accommodation mismatch problems of conventional virtual‐ and augmented‐reality displays.
One Day, Sixteen Speakers, Innumerable Insights
Authors: Donelan Jenny , Peruvemba Sri , Semenza Paul , Wager John
Published: January 2019

The Bay Area chapter of SID recently brought together 16 experts for a fascinating, far‐ranging look at issues that are shaping the display industry.
Best‐in‐Show Winners
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

The Society for Information Display honored five exhibiting companies at Display Week 2016 in San Francisco last May. These companies were LG Display, Asahi Glass Co., E Ink Corp., DigiLens, and MY Polymers.
Enter the Feature‐Driven Market
Authors: Sechrist Steve
Published: January 2019

Faced with a consumer market that is reasonably content with current‐sized panels and accustomed to ever‐lowering prices, TV manufacturers are looking toward specialized features to drive sales – and profits – upward.
Flexible Displays Require Flexible Electronics
Authors: Semenza Paul
Published: January 2019

Display Week 2016 provided numerous examples of advancements in flexible‐display technologies. But even though flexible displays are now in production, they are used in fixed formats encased in rigid packaging, so users have not experienced the actual physical flexibility. In order for truly flexible displays to emerge, flexibility of the electronics is required, beyond the backplane and display driver electronics. Clues to such developments could be found in many presentations at the annual event.
ID Interviews Andreas Haldi, CMO of CYNORA GmbH
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

ID magazine recently had the opportunity to talk with Andreas Haldi, the newly appointed Chief Marketing Officer for CYNORA GmbH which develops blue OLED emitters based on thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) technology. Haldi has worked with OLED on three continents. A native of Switzerland, he earned his M.S. degree from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, then wrote his Master's thesis at the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona before going on to earn his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Haldi began his professional life with OLED developer Novaled in Dresden, Germany, eventually moving to Seoul to open a Korea‐based office for Novaled. Last August, he joined CYNORA to lead promotion and sales activities. CYNORA was founded in 2008 and is based in Bruchsal, Germany.
ID Interviews David Fattal, Founder and CEO of LEIA, a Silicon Valley Startup That Is Developing an Interactive Holographic Display for Mobile Devices
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

David Fattal was the principal investigator of the LEIA project at HP Labs, from where he led a spin‐off in late 2013 to co‐found LEIA, Inc. Fattal spent his early career in the Quantum Photonics group at HP Labs, specializing in the manipulation of light at the nanoscale. He has a Ph.D. in physics from Stanford University and a B.S. in mathematical physics from Ecole Polytechnique, France. In 2013, he was featured in the MIT Tech Review list of 35 Innovators under 35 and was also awarded the French Order of Merit for inventing the Multiview Backlight concept. He is the author of 80 granted patents.
Quantifying Display Coating Appearance
Authors: Vogt Trevor
Published: January 2019

Modern displays often utilize anti‐reflection coatings to enhance contrast and improve readability. However, display manufacturers have unique requirements for coatings not found in other industries. New metrology instrumentation has been designed to obtain the necessary measurements for display makers and to work with the thin glass substrates increasingly employed in display fabrication.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Is a Key New Technology for OLED Displays
Authors: Volz Daniel
Published: January 2019

TADF emitters are poised to contribute to the next material‐driven advancement of the OLED industry, making OLEDs ideal for even more applications.
AR/VR, Digital Signage, Display Materials, Vehicular Displays, and Wearables Headline Display Week 2017 Technical Program in Los Angeles
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

A bumper crop of papers submitted to this year's symposium ensures that the field will be broad as well as deep. Highlights include novel technologies like aerial displays, perovskites, full‐windshield automotive head‐up displays, and tunable microlens arrays, as well as practical advances in manufacturing and metrology that will help you do your job better. This is your once‐a‐year opportunity to find out what's happening in the field of displays. The discoveries you'll make at Display Week will inform your business plans for months and years to come.
2017 Display Industry Awards
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

Each year, SID's Display Industry Awards Committee selects products that have advanced the state of the art of display technology in the categories of Display of the Year, Display Component of the Year, and Display Application of the Year.
SID LA Chapter One‐Day Conference Highlights Applications
Authors: Werner Ken
Published: January 2019

The Los Angeles chapter's annual event featured presentations on quantum dots, high dynamic range, human vision, head‐up displays for cars, direct‐view LEDs, light‐shaping technology, and smart windows.
Display Week 2017 Daily Reports
Authors:   Information Display Staff
Published: January 2019

Foveal rendering, high‐resolution automobile lamps, flat‐panel speakers – and friends – were only a few of the highlights that Information Display's experts reported on from Display Week 2017 in Los Angeles.
Automotive Displays Proliferate at Display Week
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz
Published: January 2019

The vehicles of our near future will use unprecedented numbers of displays, in form factors, materials, and sizes we are only beginning to discover.
Metrology and Image Quality Play Starring Roles at Display Week 2017
Authors: Fiske Tom
Published: January 2019

Metrology technology sessions and exhibits were much in evidence this year, highlighted by the first‐ever metrology training course at Display Week. Image quality also took center stage, with high‐dynamic‐range (HDR) technology featured on and off the show floor.
OLED Lighting Hits the Market
Authors: Phelan Giana M.
Published: January 2019

Performance and design freedom are advancing organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) lighting, providing differentiation from general lighting to transportation and more. OLED is the first naturally diffuse lighting, with pure qualities highly prized by designers. Razor thin with superb color characteristics and uniformity, OLED offers an alternative to high‐glare lighting sources and allows a variety of innovative applications and attractive designs.
SID Salutes Display Industry Standouts
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

This year's winners of the Society for Information Display's Honors and Awards include Hidefumi Yoshida, who will receive the Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize for his contributions to LCD technology; Pochi Yeh, who has earned the Jan Rajchman Prize for his development of matrix methods for analyzing the viewing‐angle properties of LCDs; Sang Wan Lee, who will receive the inaugural David Sarnoff Industrial Achievement Prize for his leadership and contributions to the growth of the display industry; Vladimir Chigrinov, who has earned the Slottow‐Owaki Prize for his educational efforts in the field of liquid‐crystal devices; and Seth Coe‐Sullivan, who will receive the Peter Brody Prize for his pioneering contributions to quantum‐dot technology.
Looking Forward to the 2018 Display Week Technical Symposium
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

This year's technical program shines a spotlight on AR/VR, microLEDs, and wearables – the hottest topics in the display industry right now. But there is so much more to discover – amazingly efficient OLEDs, state‐of‐the‐art automotive displays, ultra‐high resolutions. Read this handy preview to find out which papers belong to that absolutely can't‐miss category. But first, a note from this year's technical program chair, Yi‐Pai Huang.
Products on Display at Display Week 2018
Authors:   Editorial Staff
Published: January 2019

Those products on display at North America's largest electronic‐display exhibition that were offered for preview are described here.
Dynamic Backlights for Automotive LCDs
Authors: Xu Chihao , Schmidt Maxim , Lahr Torsten , Weber Markus
Published: January 2019

LCDs in vehicles need to demonstrate high luminance and resolution while also saving on power usage – two features that may seem mutually exclusive. One solution is a local‐dimming matrix backlight, which can significantly improve the visual quality of automotive LCDs while also conserving power. This approach, combined with emerging micro/miniLED technology, should help make industrial implementation of higher quality automotive LCDs more feasible.
Inside Connections: How Your Car's Components Communicate
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

From dashboards to databases, a lot goes on inside the cockpit – the passenger area of an automobile.
Display Week 2018 Snapshots
Authors:   Information Display Staff
Published: January 2019

ID's reporting crew traveled the aisles and session rooms of Display Week to find out what's happening in our industry.
Display Metrology and Image Quality Are Relevant, Vital for Development
Authors: Fiske Tom
Published: January 2019

Display Week 2018 featured a variety of exhibits, seminars, and symposia on topics related to display metrology and image quality. These topics are (or should be) of interest to anyone who's serious about developing displays or integrating displays into a system where visual performance is of paramount concern.
Can MicroLEDs and Quantum Dots Revitalize Inorganic Displays?
Authors: Semenza Paul
Published: January 2019

For the past several years, the flat‐panel display technology battle has been between LCD and OLED. But innovations in inorganic semiconductor materials and devices have opened the door for microLEDs and quantum dots to move from supporting to leading roles – as dominant FPD technologies in their own right.
Optimization and characterization of a glycolipid produced by Achromobacter sp. to use in petroleum industries
Authors: Haloi Saurav , Medhi Tapas
Published: January 2019

A biosurfactant, produced by Achromobacter sp. TMB1 is reported through this investigation having physiochemical properties useful for operational and remedial activities in petroleum industries. The strain isolated from soils of local petrol pumps when allowed to grow in glucose containing mineral salts media (MSM) in ambient environment that is, 30 °C and varying pH in between 5.5 and 7.2, showed surface tension reduction as low as 34.25 dyne cm−1 at an interval of 48–72 h. Taguchi experiment confirmed the contribution of glucose, yeast extracts, and NaNO3 concentration on biosurfactant production. FTIR and 1H NMR analysis of culture supernatant obtained after acid precipitation and solvent extraction methods revealed the glycolipid nature of the extracted compounds. HR‐LCMS study further revealed the presence of 10 different types of mono‐ and di‐rhamnolipids congeners with the fatty acids carbon length C8–12. The isolated biosurfactant shows functional stability in the temperature range 20–100 °C and pH range 2–12 while maintaining the structural integrity till 550 °C (TGA‐DSC), strongly suggests its potential applications in petroleum industries.
Outcomes of surgical resection of gallbladder cancer in patients presenting with jaundice: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dasari Bobby V. M. , Ionescu Mihnea I. , Pawlik Timothy M. , Hodson James , Sutcliffe Robert P. , Roberts Keith J. , Muiesan Paolo , Isaac John , Marudanayagam Ravi , Mirza Darius F.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Preoperative jaundice is considered a relative contraindication to radical gallbladder cancer (GBC) resection due to poor prognosis and high postoperative morbidity. Recent reports have indicated that aggressive surgery may improve long‐term survival for patients with advanced GBC who present with obstructive jaundice. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare postoperative outcomes among jaundiced and non‐jaundiced patients with resectable GBC.

Methods

An electronic search was performed using several Medical Subject Headings terms: cholecyst, gallbladder, tumor, cancer, carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, neoplasia, neoplasm, jaundice, and icterus. Overall survival after surgery was the primary outcome; resectability and postoperative morbidity were the secondary outcomes.

Results

Overall survival was shorter among patients who presented with jaundice (Hazard ratio [HR]: 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64‐2.97; P < 0.001). Patients with jaundice were less likely to have resectable disease (odds ratio: 0.27, 95% CI, 0.17‐0.43; P < 0.001). The jaundice group had higher odds of postoperative morbidity, bile‐leak, and posthepatectomy failure versus the non‐jaundiced control group.

Conclusions

Radical surgery for GBC resection for patients presenting with obstructive jaundice was associated with reduced overall survival and increased postoperative morbidity. Jaundiced patients with advanced GBC should be considered for surgical resection but need careful evaluation and counseling before undertaking extensive surgical resection.
Lanthanum ion–impregnated granular activated carbon for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution: Equilibrium and kinetic study
Authors: Achari Velayudhanachari Sivanandan , Lopez Raichel Mary , Jayasree Sanjeevapai , Rajalakshmi Aliyath Somasekaran
Published: January 2019

The current study discusses application of the lanthanum ions (La3+) as an activating agent incorporated /immobilized into coconut shell–based granular activated carbon (GAC) for porosity development; subsequently, the carbon material is used for the adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions. The new carbons were characterized using FTIR, XRD, CHNO, burn off, and carbon yield. The surface functional groups were determined by Boehm titration. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of the carbons is 953 m2 g−1 (GACLa1073), 997 m2 g−1 (GAC383), and 973 m2 g−1 (GACO383). Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and John–Sivanandan Achari (J‐SA) isotherm models on the equilibrium isotherm data were examined for the new carbon‐phenol system. It is found that the Langmuir isotherm fits better with a monolayer adsorption capacity, highest for GACLa1073 (387.59 mg g−1) followed by GAC383 (303.03 mg g−1) and GACO383 (197.62 mg g−1). Kinetic studies reveal that the adsorption system follows the pseudo–second‐order kinetic model. Isotherm analysis by the phase change method of John‐Sivanandan Achari (J‐SA) isotherm gives a better insight into adsorption phenomena, which is accompanied by regeneration studies of carbon with >75% for GACLa1073 after three cycles.
Microbial activity involvement on soil corrosion of ductile iron – Electrochemical & microscopic study
Authors: Meroufel Abdelkader , Ayashi Mohammed , Touzain Sebastien , Al‐Sahari Ali
Published: January 2019

Microbial activity involvement on soil corrosion of old ductile iron was studied through electrochemical tests and microscopic analysis. Immersion test was conducted at room temperature under stagnant conditions during 62 days where sterilization and oxygen parameters were considered. Mechanisms were investigated through DC and AC electrochemical measurements combined to microscopic observation of surface products by SEM. The results showed an accelerated corrosion in the case of aerated biotic condition with evidence of oxygen promoting bacterial activity. However, corrosion inhibition was observed under deareated biotic condition. The results imply clearly the role of burying depth and soil compactness on ductile iron water pipe life time.
Interplay of Solvation and Size Effects Induced by the Counterions in Ionic Block Copolymers on the Basis of Hofmeister Series
Authors: Luo Haipeng , Tang Qiuju , Zhong Jiaxing , Lei Zhentao , Zhou Junyi , Tong Zaizai
Published: January 2019

Two ionic block copolymers with different lengths of hydrophilic segments, polystyrene‐b‐poly(quaternized 4‐vinylpyridine)/ethyl bromide, are prepared by sequential reactions. They are originally self‐assembled into so‐called “large compound micelles” in aqueous solution. After ion exchange of Iˉ, SCN,ˉ and PF6ˉ for Brˉ, morphological transitions are controlled by a competition of solvation and size effects of the newly introduced counterions. The solvation effect is dominated in a relatively short corona‐forming block. Thus, sphere‐to‐wormlike particles, sphere‐to‐vesicle, and sphere‐to‐precipitate transitions are observed. In contrast, due to a long corona‐forming block, size effects become more profound after adding SCNˉ, thereby no morphological transition occurs. A morphological transition is characterized after partial exchange of Iˉ for Brˉ for both diblocks. A sphere‐to‐wormlike particles transition is observed only after most Brˉ is replaced by Iˉ. This work extends the understanding of morphological regulation through simple ion exchange and encourages rational design of nano‐assemblies.
Unprecedented Multicolor Photoluminescence from Hyperbranched Poly(amino ester)s
Authors: Yuan Luyao , Yan Hongxia , Bai Lihua , Bai Tian , Zhao Yan , Wang Lianlian , Feng Yuanbo
Published: January 2019

A novel kind of water‐soluble fluorescent hyperbranched poly(amino ester) (PAE) is prepared through a one‐pot polycondensation reaction of citric acid (CA) and N‐methyldiethanolamine (NMDEA). The PAE exhibits enhanced and red‐shift fluorescence with increasing solution concentration, showing distinct aggregation‐induced emission character. Interestingly, the resulting PAE exhibits tunable photoluminescence from blue, cyan, and green to red irradiated by altering the excitation wavelengths. Such unique emission of non‐conjugated PAE is attributed to the clustering of ester and tertiary amine groups derived from PAE self‐assembly aggregates. Moreover, the fluorescence of PAE is very sensitive to Fe3+ ions. The facile preparation and unique optical features make PAE potentially useful in numerous applications such as multicolor cellular imaging, Fe3+ ions probe, and light‐emitting diodes.
Detailed Structural Analysis of the Hyperbranched Polymers Formed in Self‐Condensing Vinyl Polymerization
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka
Published: January 2019

Monte Carlo simulation is applied to investigate the effect of reactor types on the formed hyperbranched architecture. When a continuous stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR) is used for the synthesis, the number of units incorporated into the largest cluster of dendritic units inside the hyperbranched polymer increases with molecular weight, while it does not increase in batch polymerization. The largest dendritic cluster formed in a CSTR consists of the monomeric units whose average residence time is large, while the average residence time of the singly connected peripheral units is small. The maximum span length as well as the mean‐square radius of gyration of the high molecular weight polymer is much smaller for the polymers synthesized in a CSTR, compared with batch polymerization. A universal relationship between the mean‐square radius of gyration and the maximum span length is found, which is valid for both batch and CSTR.
Classifying cold‐stress responses of inbred maize seedlings using RGB imaging
Authors: Enders Tara A. , St. Dennis Susan , Oakland Justin , Callen Steven T. , Gehan Malia A. , Miller Nathan D. , Spalding Edgar P. , Springer Nathan M. , Hirsch Cory D.
Published: January 2019

Increasing the tolerance of maize seedlings to low‐temperature episodes could mitigate the effects of increasing climate variability on yield. To aid progress toward this goal, we established a growth chamber‐based system for subjecting seedlings of 40 maize inbred genotypes to a defined, temporary cold stress while collecting digital profile images over a 9‐daytime course. Image analysis performed with PlantCV software quantified shoot height, shoot area, 14 other morphological traits, and necrosis identified by color analysis. Hierarchical clustering of changes in growth rates of morphological traits and quantification of leaf necrosis over two time intervals resulted in three clusters of genotypes, which are characterized by unique responses to cold stress. For any given genotype, the set of traits with similar growth rates is unique. However, the patterns among traits are different between genotypes. Cold sensitivity was not correlated with the latitude where the inbred varieties were released suggesting potential further improvement for this trait. This work will serve as the basis for future experiments investigating the genetic basis of recovery to cold stress in maize seedlings.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surface modification by VUV and neutral active species in remote oxygen or hydrogen plasmas
Authors: Zhang Yan , Ishikawa Kenji , Mozetič Miran , Tsutsumi Takayoshi , Kondo Hiroki , Sekine Makoto , Hori Masaru
Published: January 2019

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are exposed either by VUV photons emitted from oxygen or hydrogen plasmas or by VUV photons and neutral active species from both plasmas. The water contact angle (WCA) of PET surface increased after treatment with H2 VUV + H atoms, due to the cleavage of the oxygen‐containing groups by VUV photons. The WCA decreased for the case of treatment with O2 VUV + O‐related neutral active species, leading to be released the polar groups like −COH or −COOH from the PET surface with a depth of less than about 10 nm. Oxygen‐related neutrals etched the PET film and generated a rough surface which also contributed to the decrease in WCA however no bulk chemical structure obviously changed.
Fabrication and Study of White‐Light OLEDs Based on Novel Copolymers with Blue, Yellow, and Red Chromophores
Authors: Gioti Maria , Kokkinos Dimitrios , Stavrou Kleitos , Simitzi Konstantina , Andreopoulou Aikaterini , Laskarakis Argirios , Kallitsis Joannis , Logothetidis Stergios
Published: January 2019

White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (WOLEDs) have attracted an enormous interest because they can be implemented in numerous lighting applications as next‐generation light sources. Several device setups such as multilayer, blends, or single layers of polymer nanomaterials have been proposed to achieve white light emission. In this work, novel copolymers bearing blue, yellow, and red chromophores, are used for the fabrication of WOLED systems including single emissive layer. These terpolymers provide easy tuning of white color emission by selecting the appropriate ratios between the chromophores while being solution processable from typical organic solvents, like chlorobenzene (CB), o‐dichlorobenzene (o‐DCB), etc. The chromophores can be directly excited by capturing charge carriers or through energy transfer from the other chromophores. Incomplete energy transfer between the chromophores is necessary to get white light as combined emission from all of them. The opto‐electronic and electro‐optical characterization is carried out by NIR–Vis–far UV spectroscopic ellipsometry, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence, to provide valuable information toward the optimization and functionalization of these WOLED devices.
Planar graphs: Random walks and bipartiteness testing
Authors: Czumaj Artur , Monemizadeh Morteza , Onak Krzysztof , Sohler Christian
Published: January 2019

We initiates the study of property testing in arbitrary planar graphs. We prove that bipartiteness can be tested in constant time, improving on the previous bound of for graphs on n vertices. The constant‐time testability was only known for planar graphs with bounded degree. Our algorithm is based on random walks. Since planar graphs have good separators, that is, bad expansion, our analysis diverges from standard techniques that involve the fast convergence of random walks on expanders. We reduce the problem to the task of detecting an odd‐parity cycle in a multigraph induced by constant‐length cycles. We iteratively reduce the length of cycles while preserving the detection probability, until the multigraph collapses to a collection of easily discoverable self‐loops. Our approach extends to arbitrary minor‐free graphs. We also believe that our techniques will find applications to testing other properties in arbitrary minor‐free graphs.
Optimization between Tundish Temperature and Slab Exit Temperature to Eliminate “Strand Stuck‐Up” Phenomenon in Continuous Casting Process of Steel by Implementation of Multi‐Objective Evolutionary and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Pal Snehanshu , Behera Kishore K. , Padhee Prabodh R. , Sarkar Smarajit , Halder Chandan
Published: January 2019

A data‐driven evolutionary genetic algorithm is successfully implemented to optimize two objectives simultaneously from the data generated at an integrated steel plant in view of an efficient continuous casting production line. The objective of optimization is to minimize tundish temperature and maximize the slab exit temperature during continuous casting of steel. EvoNN (Evolutionary Neural Network) coupled with predator prey genetic algorithm is used explicitly to achieve the optimum trade‐off between tundish temperature and slab exit temperature through training of 100 data set considering five process variables: slab width, mold water pressure, average mold water flow, casting speed, and mold water inlet temperature. Optimum trade off curve generated between these two conflicting objectives called as pareto front to yield a set of mutually non‐dominated solutions that helps provide an effective guideline for decision making during the slab production in continuous casting process. It is observed that after a particular critical tundish temperature (i.e., 1555 °C), further enhancement of tundish temperature does not influence the temperature profile of a slab coming out from the caster machine. By optimizing the slab exit temperature (i.e., 815 °C), the proper solidification of slab is achieved with a targeted metallurgical length.
Zearalenone induces apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells through Fas‐Fas ligand and mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Cai Guodong , Si Mengxue , Li Xi , Zou Hui , Gu Jianhong , Yuan Yan , Liu Xuezhong , Liu Zongping , Bian Jianchun
Published: January 2019

Zearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogen‐like toxin produced by Fusarium that is widely found in cereals worldwide. In recent years, ZEA has been found to cause reproductive dysfunction in male animals, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study examined the apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells induced by different concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L) of ZEA via Fas‐Fas ligand and mitochondrial signaling pathway in vitro. Apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry. Western Blot and qRT‐PCR were used to identify the signaling pathway. The results revealed that ZEA induced apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells, significantly reduced the transcription and expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2, increased the transcription and expression of pro‐apoptotic proteins Bax and tBID, and Fas, FasL, FADD, and caspase‐8. ZEA also increased the activation of caspase‐8 and caspase‐9, and promoted the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Moreover, addition of caspase‐8 inhibitor Z‐IETD‐FMK led to significant decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis rate of the ZEA + Z‐IETD‐FMK group as compared to the ZEA treatment group. The release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm and the activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 were significantly decreased in the ZEA + Z‐IETD‐FMK group. These results suggested that ZEA can induce apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells, activate the Fas‐Fas ligand signaling pathway and participate in the regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
Short‐Term Readmissions After Open, Thoracoscopic, and Robotic Lobectomy for Lung Cancer Based on the Nationwide Readmissions Database
Authors: Bailey Katherine L. , Merchant Natalie , Seo Young‐Ji , Elashoff David , Benharash Peyman , Yanagawa Jane
Published: January 2019

Background

Readmission after surgery is an established surrogate indicator of quality of care. We aimed to compare short‐term readmission rates and patient outcomes between open, video‐assisted thoracoscopic (VATS), and robotic lobectomies in the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD).

Methods

Adults who underwent open, VATS, or robotic lobectomy for lung cancer from 2010 to 2014 were evaluated. Propensity‐matched analysis was used to assess differences in readmission characteristics, GDP‐adjusted cost, and mortality.

Results

Of the 129,539 lobectomies for lung cancer, 74,493 (57.5%) were open, 48,185 (37.2%) VATS, and 6861 (5.3%) robotic. Open surgery was associated with significantly higher readmission rate (10.5 vs 9.3%, p < 0.001), mortality (2 vs 1.2%, p < 0.001), index hospitalization cost [$21,846 (16,158–31,034) vs $20,779 (15,619–27,920), p < 0.001], and length of stay [6 (5–9) vs 4 (3–7) days, p < 0.001] compared to minimally invasive surgery. The robotic approach had similar mortality, readmission rate, and length of stay compared to VATS, but higher index cost [$23,870 (18,372–31,300) vs $20,279 (15,275–27,375), p < 0.001] and incidence of pulmonary complication (35.9 vs 31.6%, p < 0.001). The robotic approach was associated with greater direct discharges to home.

Conclusions

Analysis of the NRD revealed significantly reduced readmission rates, better clinical outcomes, and lower cost in the minimally invasive approach compared to open surgery. Although VATS and robotic surgery had similar readmission and mortality rates, VATS is associated with significantly reduced risk of short‐term complications and lower cost.
High-yield production of l-serine from glycerol by engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Dong , Zhu Jiafen , Liu Wang , Xu Guoqiang , Zhang Xiaojuan , Shi Jinsong , Xu Zhenghong
Published: January 2019

l-Serine is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, and the direct fermentation to produce l-serine from cheap carbon sources such as glycerol is greatly desired. The production of l-serine by engineered Escherichia coli from glycerol has not been achieved so far. In this study, E. coli was engineered to efficiently produce l-serine from glycerol. To this end, three l-serine deaminase genes were deleted in turn, and all of the deletions caused the maximal accumulation of l-serine at 0.06 g/L. Furthermore, removal of feedback inhibition by l-serine resulted in a titer of 1.1 g/L. Additionally, adaptive laboratory evolution was employed to improve glycerol utilization in combination with the overexpression of the cysteine/acetyl serine transporter gene eamA, leading to 2.36 g/L l-serine (23.6% of the theoretical yield). In 5-L bioreactor, l-serine titer could reach up to 7.53 g/L from glycerol, demonstrating the potential of the established strain and bioprocess.
On the Geometry of the Set of Symmetric Matrices with Repeated Eigenvalues
Authors: Breiding Paul , Kozhasov Khazhgali , Lerario Antonio
Published: January 2019

We investigate some geometric properties of the real algebraic variety

$$\Delta $$

Δ

of symmetric matrices with repeated eigenvalues. We explicitly compute the volume of its intersection with the sphere and prove a Eckart–Young–Mirsky-type theorem for the distance function from a generic matrix to points in

$$\Delta $$

Δ

. We exhibit connections of our study to real algebraic geometry (computing the Euclidean distance degree of

$$\Delta $$

Δ

) and random matrix theory.
The “capsular noose”: A new capsular repair technique to diminish dislocation risk after the posterior approach total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Swanson Todd V. , Kukreja Mohit M. , Ballard James C. , Calleja Henry G.M. , Brown Jonathon M.
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:

Post-operative hip dislocation has been commonly associated with primary THA as a troublesome complication after posterior approach. Although several other risk factors have been implicated, techniques of capsular repair and closure have also been described. A new technique for repair of the capsule after posterior, minimally invasive, total hip arthroplasty is described.

Methods:

In Part A of this two-part study, 133 classic repairs of the capsule and external rotators to the greater trochanter (Group 1) were retrospectively compared to 144 capsular noose repairs (Group 2). After minimum 24-month follow up, dislocation was more common in Group 1 than in Group 2 (5.3% vs. 0.69%, p = 0.02). In Part B, 20 consecutive patients were tested intra-operatively for torque and internal rotation to dislocation using three capsular repair techniques.

Results:

The capsular noose repair provided greater resistance to dislocation than no repair (p < 0.01) and to simulated classic repair (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The capsular noose repair may reduce dislocation risk after posterior approach total hip arthroplasty.

Highlights:
Avoiding epistemological silos and empirical elephants in OM: How to combine empirical and simulation methods?
Authors: Chandrasekaran Aravind , Linderman Kevin , Sting Fabian J.
Published: January 2019

Progression of knowledge in operations management (OM) relies on researchers building and testing theories using data from practice. However, standalone empirical research designs have inherent limitations and may not adequately capture complex OM problems. This may result in researchers narrowing the scope of the problems that they create epistemological silos and study empirical elephants. In this introductory article to the special issue, we look at the ways simulation methods can augment and answer questions that are not addressed through traditional empirical methods. We offer a framework regarding how and when to use simulation methods for a given research objectives and design. We conclude by discussing the contingencies of using these methods as well as the role of reviewers and editors in evaluating papers that involve such methods.
National Minority Problems in Romania: Continuity or Change?
Authors: Fischer-Galati Stephen
Published: January 2019

The national minorities question in Romania has been one of crises and polemics. This is due, in part, to the fact that Greater Romania, established at the end of World War I, brought the Old Romanian Kingdom into a body politic (a kingdom itself relatively free of minority problems), with territories inhabited largely by national minorities. Thus, the population of Transylvania and the Banat, both of which had been constituent provinces of the defunct Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, included large numbers of Hungarians and Germans, while Bessarabia, a province of the Russian empire, included large numbers of Jews. While the Hungarian (Szeklers and Magyars), Germans (Saxons and Swabians), and Jewish minorities were the largest and most difficult to integrate into Greater Romania, other sizeable national minorities such as the Bulgarians, Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Serbians, Turks, and Gypsies also posed problems to the rulers of Greater Romania during the interwar period and, in some cases, even after World War II.
Commissaire Général Aux Réfugiés et Aux Apatrides v. Mostafa Lounani (C.J.E.U.)
Authors: Progin-Theuerkauf Sarah
Published: January 2019

On January 31, 2017, the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union rendered its judgment in the case Commissaire général aux réfugiés et aux apatrides v. Mostafa Lounani. In the judgment, the Court had to interpret the exclusion grounds of the EU Qualification Directive of 2004 that in its Article 12(2) has literally duplicated Article 1F of the 1951 Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. It had to answer the question of whether an applicant for international protection can be excluded from being a refugee even though it is not established that he himself committed, attempted to commit, or threatened to commit a terrorist act as defined by the resolutions of the United Nations Security Council, but has “just” been convicted of participation in the activities of a terrorist group.
Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination (Qatar v. United Arab Emirates): Request for the Indication of Provisional Measures (I.C.J.)
Authors: Hofer Alexandra
Published: January 2019

On July 23, 2018, the International Court of Justice (ICJ or Court) issued its Order on Qatar's request for provisional measures in the Qatar v. United Arab Emirates (UAE) case in which Qatar claims the UAE is responsible for violating the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD or the Convention). The Court has previously ordered provisional measures under CERD in the context of the Ukraine v. Russia case and in the Georgia v. Russia proceedings. As is already apparent in the Order and the dissenting and separate opinions, the Qatar v. UAE case raises important issues pertaining to the interpretation of racial discrimination on the basis of “national origin” under Article 1(1) CERD as well as to the reading of the procedural conditions under Article 22 CERD.
Robert W. Orttung, ed., The Republics and Regions of the Russian Federation: A Guide to Politics, Policies, and Leaders.
Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2000, xxvii, 645 pp., + maps, index.
Authors: Marsh Christopher
Published: January 2019

In bringing together this wealth of information on Russia's republics and regions, Orttung and his associates at the EastWest Institute have done the field a tremendous service. Spanning almost 700 pages, this weighty tome includes all of the basic information on each of Russia's subjects of the federation in one easily accessible volume. The fact that this is the only place much of this information can be accessed in English also makes it extremely useful as a teaching resource, given the limited number of students with adequate Russian-language skills.
Mark Bassin, Imperial Visions: Nationalist Imagination and Geographical Expansion in the Russian Far East, 1840–1865.
New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999, xv, 329 pp. + maps.
Authors: Sunderland Willard
Published: January 2019

For the Russians, Siberia has always been “Other” and, as a result, it has often been imagined as something other than what it is. As Mark Bassin argues in this richly detailed book, this habit of the Russian imaginaire was on full display during the mid-1800s when hopeful Russian observers and statesmen envisioned the Russian Empire's latest territorial acquisition—the Amur river in far eastern Siberia—as a new Mississippi and the region around it as a potential second America. Ultimately, of course, these geographical analogies proved well off the mark. The region of the Amur never went on to experience the prosperity of the United States and the Amur river never even remotely rivaled the importance of the Mississippi as an artery of trade and settlement. And what is so interesting about all this is that the Russians themselves began to have their doubts about the Amur within just a few years of annexing it. Bassin's work, in fact, concentrates on explaining this strange shift. It is a study of why the Russian vision of the Amur that began so hot ended up turning so cold so quickly and what the vision itself seems to reveal about the content of Russian national identity.
Larry Wolff, Venice and the Slavs. The Discovery of Dalmatia in the Age of Enlightenment.
Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2001, 408 pp.
Authors: Winkler Martina
Published: January 2019

When it comes to identity, nationalism and the various perceptions of “the Other,” postcolonial theory has inspired historians of Central and Eastern Europe for years. This inspiration, however, has not overcome a certain superficial level of slogans and catchphrases: identity is a cultural construction, yes, so it is somehow connected to the problem of power; knowledge too, since we have read Said and Foucault, is to be considered as both a result and an instrument of power. Now it seems that this superficiality will not be accepted any more. Recently, scholars of Central Europe organized a conference focusing on the questions of whether and how postcolonial theory can be applied on the study of Austria-Hungary. Was the Habsburg Empire really an Empire, can perspectives developed in Delhi be transferred to Prague and Bratislava?
Virginia Martin, Law and Custom in the Steppe: The Kazakhs of the Middle Horde and Russian Colonialism in the Nineteenth Century.
Richmond, UK: Curzon Press, 2001, 244 pp.
Authors: Winkler Martina
Published: January 2019

Virginia Martin tells the fascinating story of the change of legal culture that occurred among the Middle Horde Kazakh nomads under Russian colonial rule in the nineteenth century. Her essential argument is based on the premise of conceptualizing law as a cultural system. This leads her to describe “law in action” in a convincing way, as she shows in her book the flexible use of law by various social groups.
The Polyethnic State: National Minorities in Interbellum Poland
Authors: Simoncini Gabriele
Published: January 2019

Interbellum Poland remains an important example of a polyethnic state and society in European history. Its short existence between the wars does not diminish the importance of its many peculiar aspects, nor does the fact that it can be defined as an unsuccessful example in organizing, institutionally and socially, a polyethnic community. The theoretical definition of the Polish experience has puzzled historians in the past. Polish historiography substantially ignored or steadfastly marginalized the nationalities in the Second Republic and in earlier historical times, an attitude echoed by Marxist historians in post-bellum Poland. Now, indirectly, the topic is attracting attention again as a consequence of the new problematic caused by current European historical events both in the East and West.