bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Iron Overload and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Insights into Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Chatzikalil Elena , Arvanitakis Konstantinos , Kalopitas Georgios , Florentin Matilda , Germanidis Georgios , Koufakis Theocharis , Solomou Elena E.
Published: January 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of primary liver cancer, is rising in global incidence and mortality. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease, is strongly linked to metabolic conditions that can progress to liver cirrhosis and HCC. Iron overload (IO), whether inherited or acquired, results in abnormal iron hepatic deposition, significantly impacting MASLD development and progression to HCC. While the pathophysiological connections between hepatic IO, MASLD, and HCC are not fully understood, dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and IO-induced oxidative stress are being investigated as the primary drivers. Genomic analyses of inherited IO conditions reveal inconsistencies in the association of certain mutations with liver malignancies. Moreover, hepatic IO is also associated with hepcidin dysregulation and activation of ferroptosis, representing promising targets for HCC risk assessment and therapeutic intervention. Understanding the relationship between hepatic IO, MASLD, and HCC is essential for advancing clinical strategies against liver disease progression, particularly with recent IO-targeted therapies showing potential at improving liver biochemistry and insulin sensitivity. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the pathophysiological association between hepatic IO and the progression of MASLD to HCC, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis, risk stratification, and targeted treatment for these interconnected conditions.
Neonatal Shock: Current Dilemmas and Future Research Avenues
Authors: Kumar Krishnegowda Vijay , Prasath Arun , Vadakkencherry Ramaswamy Viraraghavan , Trevisanuto Daniele
Published: January 2025

Neonatal shock presents a complex clinical challenge and is one of the leading causes of mortality. Traditionally, neonatal shock is equated to hypotension, and therapeutics are often initiated based on low blood pressure (BP) values alone. This fails to address the underlying goal of optimizing the tissue perfusion resulting in both over- and under-treatment of neonatal shock. Also, what defines a normal BP in neonates is still a contentious topic. Further, the most appropriate way of measuring BP in neonates with shock is still debated. Shock secondary to transient circulatory instability and patent ductus arteriosus, conditions that are unique to preterm neonates, have not been researched adequately. Treatment of myocardial dysfunction secondary to perinatal asphyxia, a leading cause of neonatal mortality, is still a conundrum. Quite similarly, there are only a handful of controlled trials evaluating therapeutics in some of the other commonly encountered conditions, namely, septic shock and hypoperfusion secondary to pulmonary hypertension. Even the universally practiced intervention of volume expansion with crystalloid boluses in shock is not backed by high-certainty evidence in neonates. Though the diagnostic modalities of functional echocardiography and near-infrared spectroscopy have aided greatly in the management of neonatal shock in recent years, these have not been proven to be associated with improved critical clinical outcomes such as mortality and major brain injury. To conclude, neonatologists often rely on limited evidence, mostly anecdotal, when treating neonatal shock. This review critically examines the current evidence with respect to various aspects of neonatal shock with an objective to identify the lacunae in the literature that may fuel future research, eventually paving the way to efficacious, safe and evidence-based clinical practice.
Vision-Based Gesture-Driven Drone Control in a Metaverse-Inspired 3D Simulation Environment
Authors: Yaseen  , Kwon Oh-Jin , Kim Jaeho , Lee Jinhee , Ullah Faiz
Published: January 2025

Unlike traditional remote control systems for controlling unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and drones, active research is being carried out in the domain of vision-based hand gesture recognition systems for drone control. However, contrary to static and sensor based hand gesture recognition, recognizing dynamic hand gestures is challenging due to the complex nature of multi-dimensional hand gesture data, present in 2D images. In a real-time application scenario, performance and safety is crucial. Therefore we propose a hybrid lightweight dynamic hand gesture recognition system and a 3D simulator based drone control environment for live simulation. We used transfer learning-based computer vision techniques to detect dynamic hand gestures in real-time. The gestures are recognized, based on which predetermine commands are selected and sent to a drone simulation environment that operates on a different computer via socket connectivity. Without conventional input devices, hand gesture detection integrated with the virtual environment offers a user-friendly and immersive way to control drone motions, improving user interaction. Through a variety of test situations, the efficacy of this technique is illustrated, highlighting its potential uses in remote-control systems, gaming, and training. The system is tested and evaluated in real-time, outperforming state-of-the-art methods. The code utilized in this study are publicly accessible. Further details can be found in the “Data Availability Statement”.
Thermodynamics-like Formalism for Immiscible and Incompressible Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Hansen Alex , Sinha Santanu
Published: January 2025

It is possible to formulate an immiscible and incompressible two-phase flow in porous media in a mathematical framework resembling thermodynamics based on the Jaynes generalization of statistical mechanics. We review this approach and discuss the meaning of the emergent variables that appear, agiture, flow derivative, and flow pressure, which are conjugate to the configurational entropy, the saturation, and the porosity, respectively. We conjecture that the agiture, the temperature-like variable, is directly related to the pressure gradient. This has as a consequence that the configurational entropy, a measure of how the fluids are distributed within the porous media and the accompanying velocity field, and the differential mobility of the fluids are related. We also develop elements of another version of the thermodynamics-like formalism where fractional flow rather than saturation is the control variable, since this is typically the natural control variable in experiments.
Causes of Changes in Mineralization of Underground Drinking Water in the Shaim Oil and Gas Region of the West Siberian Megabasin
Authors: Rusakova Yulia , Plavnik Andrey , Abdrashitova Rimma , Salnikova Yulia , Wang Xiaopu , Poluyanov Mikhail , Zaliatdinov Albert
Published: January 2025

Mineralization of groundwater for drinking purposes is a complex parameter of groundwater chemical composition. In the Shaim oil- and gas-bearing area, as in the whole West Siberian megabasin, the main target horizon for solving the issues of domestic and technical water supply is the Oligocene aquifer. It has significant groundwater reserves to cover the needs of the population and production requirements. However, it also faces a huge anthropogenic load in the form of water withdrawal and possible contamination from the surface with oil products. In Western Siberia, various deviations in the chemical composition of groundwater of the Oligocene horizon are recorded in connection with significant water withdrawal; for example, a sharp increase in chromaticity or total iron concentration, with changes in mineralization acting as a factor necessarily accompanying these deviations. Based on the data obtained in the course of monitoring for the period from 2013 to 2023, the main factors and trends of changes in the components of mineralization of the Oligocene horizon were determined. The lithological and mineralogical peculiarities of the water-bearing rocks of the horizon, the paleogeographic conditions of its formation and their relation to trends in mineralization change were studied. Water withdrawal data were processed for two cluster water withdrawal sites (50 and 5 wells, respectively). Analysis of the results showed that the increase in water withdrawal leads to an increase in infiltration from the overlying Neogene-Quaternary aquifer, which leads to the dilution of groundwater of the Oligocene horizon and a decrease in its mineralization. Here, we show that, during further monitoring, it is necessary to pay attention to the appearance of sites where significant amounts of chloride ions are fixed in the anion composition, which can potentially lead to a sharp deterioration in the quality of drinking groundwater.
“Kill ‘em with Kindness”: Midwest Nice as a Mechanism of Whiteness
Authors: Homan Emilie
Published: January 2025

“Midwest Nice” is a phrase used to capture the Nice, friendly, and courteous demeanor often associated with people who live or were raised in the Midwest region of the United States. Though Midwest Nice is often presented as a beneficial and benevolent practice with positive connotations, the implementation and experience of Midwest Nice practices can also be characterized as problematic, engendering unhealthy and harmful behavior. Drawing upon autoethnographic methods, this study critically examines personal practices and experiences of Midwest Nice across spaces. Through this examination, this paper illuminates the ways in which Midwest Nice is a function of Whiteness that thwarts critical anti-racist dialogue, (un)learning, and action.
Total Ionizing Dose Effects in Advanced 28 nm Charge Trapping 3D NAND Flash Memory
Authors: Zheng Xuesong , Wang Yuhang , Mo Rigen , Liu Chaoming , Wang Tianqi , Huo Mingxue , Xiao Liyi
Published: January 2025

The impacts of total ionizing dose (TID) were investigated in 28 nm 3D charge trapping (CT) NAND Flash memories. This study focused on the variations in the raw bit error rate (RBER) of irradiated flash across different operational modes and bias states. It was observed that the data pattern stored in Flash influences the bit error count after irradiation. The experimental findings demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship with standby current, read operation current, and threshold voltage shifts. Additionally, TID was found to affect the time required for erasure and programming operations. These results were then bench-marked against similar NAND Flash devices, revealing superior resistance to TID effects.
Machine Learning-Based Grading of Engine Health for High-Performance Vehicles
Authors: Amalyan Edgar , Latifi Shahram
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a machine learning-based approach to grade engine health and generate a respective score ranging from 0 to 100 for tuned high-performance vehicles. It integrates the technical intricacies of automotive engineering with machine learning practices in a clear and sequential process. Data are collected from sensors monitoring revolutions per minute, boost, rail pressure, timing, and temperature. The data are processed for supervised learning and analyzed using visualizations such as a heatmap and t-SNE plots. Models are trained, innovatively tuned through hyperparameter optimization, and tested for their ability to grade new data logs. The results highlight K-Neighbors, Extra Trees, and Extreme Gradient Boosting as exceptional regressors for this task. The automated grading of engine health and performance enhances objectivity and efficiency in the tuning process and potentially serves as a basis for a digital twin. The developed methodology is discussed in the context of health evaluation for any sensor-based system, with practical applications extending across various domains and industries.
Tree-Related High-Impedance Fault in Distribution Systems: Modeling, Detection, and Ignition Risk Assessment (Review)
Authors: Yang Chunlan , Zhang Wenhai , Tang Rui , Xiao Xianyong
Published: January 2025

Tree-related high-impedance faults (THIFs) in medium voltage distribution systems represent a typical fault, especially where an overhead line crosses a forested area. The arc caused by THIFs could ignite nearby combustibles, significantly increasing the risk of forest fires. THIF detection remains a significant challenge because this type of fault has weak characteristics, as the fault impedance can reach hundreds of kΩ. Many previous studies have investigated reducing the risk of wildfires caused by THIFs. This paper reviews the existing literature on THIF modeling, detection, and ignition risk assessment. The modeling focuses on the distinctions and connections among electrical models of tree structures, traditional high-impedance fault (HIF) models, and THIF models. Detailed reviews and comparisons are conducted on THIF detection methods, encompassing fault analysis, fault feature extraction, and fault identification. The experiments and methods for assessing THIF ignition risk are also introduced and discussed. The review reveals critical research gaps. In modeling, there is a lack of frameworks that simultaneously elucidate underlying mechanisms and support detection algorithms. In detection algorithms, the existing methods have not been adequately validated under complex environmental conditions. In ignition risk assessment, current studies do not account for a comprehensive range of influencing variables. Finally, this paper proposes future research directions for THIF, aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers and practitioners in this field.
Power Quality Improvement with Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Prototype Based on Harmonic Component Separation Method with Low-Pass Filter
Authors: Gaiceanu Marian , Epure Silviu , Solea Razvan Constantin , Buhosu Razvan
Published: January 2025

This work contributes to both Romania’s and the European Union’s energy policies by highlighting the research results obtained within the Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, but also through the technological transfer of this knowledge to the industry. In order to improve the power quality of the nonlinear loads connected to the electrical grid, a three-phase shunt active power filter prototype based on the Harmonic Component Separation Method with a Low-Pass Filter was used. The active power filter is connected at the Point of Common Coupling to compensate for individual loads or even all of them simultaneously. Therefore, active power filters can be used to compensate for the power factor and reduce the harmonic distortion of power supplies, or for processes subsequently connected to additional nonlinear loads, thus improving the energy efficiency. The shunt active power filter prototype is composed of the power side (three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor bridge, DC link capacitor precharge system, inductive filter) and the control side (gate drive circuits, control subsystems, signal acquisition system). The filter control strategy is based on the principle of separating harmonic components with a low-pass filter, implemented by the authors on the industrial prototype. In this paper, the main technical features of the industrial shunt active power filter prototype are specified. The authors of this paper involved three cascaded control loops: the DC link voltage control loop, the shunt active power filter current control loop and the phase-locked loop. Both simulation and experimental results for the shunt-type active power filter prototype were obtained. By analyzing the obtained waveforms of the power supply source in two cases (with and without an active power filter), a decrease in the total harmonic distortion was demonstrated, both the voltage harmonic distortion factor THDu and the current harmonic distortion factor THDi in the case of the active power filter connection. By using the Field-Programmed Gate Array processing platform, the powerful computational speed features were exploited to implement the active shunt power filter control on an experimental test bench. Conducting source current harmonics mitigation increased the efficiency of the power system by decreasing the respective harmonic Joule losses. The energy-saving feature led to the increased added value of the parallel active power filter. Through the performed laboratory tests, the authors demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed control solution for the industrial prototype. In accordance with the European Union’s Research and Technological Development Policy, the development of an innovation ecosystem was taken into consideration. The unified and efficient integration of all the specific actors (enterprises, research institutes, universities and entrepreneurs) in innovation was achieved.
Powering Future Advancements and Applications of Battery Energy Storage Systems Across Different Scales
Authors: Dong Zhaoyang , Tao Yuechuan , Lai Shuying , Wang Tianjin , Zhang Zhijun
Published: January 2025

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are critical in modernizing energy systems, addressing key challenges associated with the variability in renewable energy sources, and enhancing grid stability and resilience. This review explores the diverse applications of BESSs across different scales, from micro-scale appliance-level uses to large-scale utility and grid services, highlighting their adaptability and transformative potential. This study also includes advanced applications such as mobile energy storage, second-life battery utilization, and innovative models like Energy Storage as a Service (ESaaS) and energy storage sharing. Additionally, it discusses the integration of machine learning (ML) and large language models (LLMs), including advanced reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, to optimize BESS operations and ensure safety through dynamic and data-driven decision-making. By examining current technologies, modeling methods, and future trends, this review provides a comprehensive overview of BESSs as a cornerstone technology for sustainable and efficient energy management, leading to a resilient energy future.
Celiac Disease: Beyond Diet and Food Awareness
Authors: Herrera-Quintana Lourdes , Navajas-Porras Beatriz , Vázquez-Lorente Héctor , Hinojosa-Nogueira Daniel , Corrales-Borrego Francisco J. , Lopez-Garzon Maria , Plaza-Diaz Julio
Published: January 2025

Celiac disease is attributable to a combination of genetic predisposition and exposure to dietary gluten, with immune system involvement. The incidence is increasing globally, and the societal economic burden of celiac disease stretches beyond the cost of gluten-free food. This enteropathy that affects the small intestine has been related to different disorders and comorbidities. Thus, the implications of suffering from this disease are multidimensional and need further consideration. Celiac disease is a serious condition that remains under-recognized, resulting in an increased need for programs for better management. This review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding celiac diseases, with special emphasis on clinical implications, diagnosis, dietary management, socioeconomical aspects, and future perspectives.
Does Health Literacy Mediate Sociodemographic and Economic Inequalities in Fruit and Vegetable Intake? An Analysis of Slovenian National HLS19 Survey Data
Authors: Kirbiš Andrej , Branilović Stefani , Lubej Maruša
Published: January 2025

Health literacy plays an important role in promoting healthier behaviors. However, less is known about its impact on dietary habits, such as fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. This study examines the mediating role of health literacy in the relationship between FV intake and demographic and socioeconomic factors among Slovenian adults. We used Slovenian national data from the 19-country Health Literacy Survey 2019–2021 (HLS19) (n = 3360). Results indicate that health literacy plays a complex role in mediating the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors and FV intake. Women and financially stable individuals have higher levels of health literacy, which positively predicts higher FV intake. While older individuals demonstrated greater FV intake, they reported lower health literacy, suggesting other mechanisms may drive their dietary behavior. Additionally, while higher education was associated with improved health literacy, its direct relationship with FV intake was negative, though health literacy partially mitigated this effect. These results underscore the importance of health literacy as a mediating factor in improving dietary behaviors and highlight the need for targeted interventions and policies to enhance nutritional education, particularly for marginalized groups.
Differentially Expressed Genes in Cardiomyocytes of the First Camelized Mouse Model, Nrapc.255ins78 Mouse
Authors: Lee Sung-Yeon , Lim Byeonghwi , Lee Bo-Young , Jang Goo , Choi Jung-Seok , Cui Xiang-Shun , Kim Kwan-Suk
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The first camelized mouse model (Nrapc.255ins78) was developed to investigate the mechanisms underlying camels’ adaptation to extreme environments. Previous studies demonstrated that these mice exhibit a cold-resistant phenotype, characterized by increased expression of inflammatory cytokine-related genes in the heart under cold stress. Nebulin-related anchoring protein (NRAP) plays a critical role in organizing myofibrils during cardiomyocyte development. This study builds on prior research by analyzing the heart transcriptomes of Nrapc.255ins78 mice under non-stress conditions to explore the origins of inflammatory cytokine responses during cold exposure. Methods: RNA sequencing was performed on the hearts of 12-week-old male and female Nrapc.255ins78 and wild-type control mice. Results: Differential expression analysis identified 25 genes, including 12 associated with cell cycle and division, all consistently downregulated in Nrapc.255ins78. Notably, the calcium and integrin-binding protein gene (Cib3) was significantly upregulated (FDR < 0.05; p < 0.001). Conclusions: These differentially expressed genes suggest altered calcium dynamics in cardiomyocytes and mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis, supporting the hypothesis that inflammatory cytokines during cold exposure may represent an adaptive response. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms of temperature adaptation in camels and highlight potential pathways for enhancing stress resistance in other mammals.
Thinking Through the Tiger: Korean Cultural Identity, Space, and Time
Authors: Yi Eunkyung
Published: January 2025

In the region of Northeast Asia, Korea has been identified as a nation that has a distinctive affinity for tigers. Koreans’ lives are deeply ingrained with emotions and thoughts related to tigers, even though they have completely disappeared from Korea due to historical changes and urbanization. This study first connects the image of tigers in Korean creation myths and folk tales with cultural identity. The analysis uncovers that the satire and humor present in the literature and paintings depicting tigers were employed to surmount the realistic fears associated with these creatures. Subsequently, the study delves into historical perceptions and spatial concepts by examining folk tales and maps of the Korean Peninsula that are symbolized by tigers. During the Japanese colonial period, tigers were regarded as a symbol of Korean national consciousness, and since then, they have played a significant role in disseminating national spirit and identity discourse. Finally, the analysis of Korean proverbs related to tigers reveals the profound influence of these animals on the development of Korean concepts of seasons and time. This study thus demonstrates the significant role of tigers in shaping the cultural identity and conceptual framework of space and time in Korea.
Cross-Sectional Relationships Between Gender, Disordered Eating Behaviors, and Suicide Among High Schoolers in Colorado
Authors: Anderson Avery M. , Rosenberg Sophie , Schier Heather E. , Eskew Sarah K. , Harpin Scott B. , Brooks-Russell Ashley , Sun Christina J.
Published: January 2025

Though transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth are disproportionately affected by suicide and disordered eating, little research has explored the relationship between the two using state-level data. This exploratory study examined whether disordered eating behaviors moderate the observed relationship between gender and suicide among adolescents. Multivariate logistic regression was performed on the population-based 2023 Healthy Kids Colorado Survey (HKCS) data (N = 49,989) to test whether the odds of suicide ideation and attempt differed by gender groups, and modeling was carried out to examine the moderation of these relationships by disordered eating behaviors. Additionally, analyses were replicated among only gender minority groups (n = 2486). Compared to cismale students, the prevalence of disordered eating was higher among all other gender identities. There was a significantly higher risk of suicidal ideation and attempts among transfemale, transmale, nonbinary and gender-questioning students. Disordered eating did not significantly moderate the relationship between gender and suicide outcomes. These findings underscore the heightened vulnerability of TGD youth to disordered eating and suicidal behaviors while suggesting that disordered eating may not be a pathway through which gender relates to suicide outcomes.
Ubiquitin-Proteasome-Mediated Protein Degradation and Disorders of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Hegde Ashok N. , Timm Logan E. , Sivley Connor J. , Ramiyaramcharankarthic Shrenik , Lowrimore Olivia J. , Hendrix Brenna J. , Grozdanov Teodora G. , Anderson William J.
Published: January 2025

Ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated proteolysis post-translationally regulates the amounts of many proteins that are critical for the normal physiology of the central nervous system. Research carried out over the last several years has revealed a role for components of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (UPP) in many neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Studies have also shown a role for the UPP in mental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Even though dysregulation of protein degradation by the UPP is a contributory factor to the pathology underlying many nervous system disorders, the association between the components of the UPP and these diseases is far from simple. In this review, we discuss the connections between the UPP and some of the major mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
Elucidating the Interplay of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Circadian Clock Signaling in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
Authors: Gabryelska Agata , Turkiewicz Szymon , Gajewski Adrian , Białasiewicz Piotr , Strzelecki Dominik , Ditmer Marta , Chałubiński Maciej , Sochal Marcin
Published: January 2025

Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) affects the circadian clock in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and may have a bidirectional relationship with circadian mechanisms. This study examined the link between circadian clock and HIF-1 in OSA patients versus controls. Methods: 70 participants underwent polysomnography (PSG), and were assigned into OSA (apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5, n = 54) or control (AHI < 5, n = 16) groups. BMAL1 (brain and muscle ARNT like 1), CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput), PER1 (period 1), CRY1 (cryptochrome 1), HIF-1α, and HIF-1β gene expressions and protein levels were measured in evening and morning samples, collected before and after PSG. Results: The OSA group was characterized by increased CLOCK, CRY1, PER1 and HIF-1a protein levels, both in the morning and evening (all p < 0.05), and decreased morning expression of BMAL1 (p = 0.02). Associations between almost all circadian clock gene expressions and both HIF-1 subunits were observed in the OSA group at both time points (all p < 0.05), apart from association between PER1 and HIF-1α in the morning (R = 0.050, p = 0.73). In controls, only a correlation between HIF-1α levels and CRY1 expression in the morning (R = 0.588, p = 0.02) was found. Conclusions: OSA affects the circadian clock and HIF-1 pathway, with increased CLOCK, CRY1, PER1, and HIF-1α protein levels observed in OSA patients. The interplay between these systems may involve complex posttranscriptional and posttranslational mechanisms.
Investigation of Angiogenic Potential in CD146-Positive Stem Cells Derived from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth
Authors: Rikitake Kodai , Kunimatsu Ryo , Yoshimi Yuki , Tanimoto Kotaro
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CD146, a surface antigen of mesenchymal stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), on angiogenic potential. SHEDs were isolated from patients’ deciduous teeth and sorted into CD146-positive (CD146 + SHED) and CD146-negative (CD146 − SHED) populations. Three groups—non-sorted SHED, CD146 + SHED, and CD146 − SHED—were compared. Angiogenic potential was assessed by co-culturing each group with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and evaluating lumen formation using an endothelial tube formation assay. The gene and protein expression levels of angiogenic markers, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), were analyzed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The tube formation assay revealed significantly enhanced angiogenic potential in CD146 + SHED and non-sorted SHED compared to CD146 − SHED. The gene and protein expression levels of VEGF, VEGFR2, CD31, and bFGF were significantly upregulated in CD146 + SHED and non-sorted SHED, highlighting superior angiogenic capabilities in CD146 + SHED. CD146 + SHED demonstrated enhanced angiogenic potential compared to CD146 − SHED, supporting their use in regenerative therapies targeting angiogenesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteins Impact Penetrance in a Pink1-Mutant Drosophila Model
Authors: Vos Melissa , Ott Fabian , Gillo Hawwi , Cesare Giuliana , Misera Sophie , Busch Hauke , Klein Christine
Published: January 2025

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a high variability of age at onset, disease severity, and progression. This suggests that other factors, including genetic, environmental, or biological factors, are at play in PD. The loss of PINK1 causes a recessive form of PD and is typically fully penetrant; however, it features a wide range in disease onset, further supporting the existence of protective factors, endogenous or exogenous, to play a role. The loss of Pink1 in Drosophila melanogaster results in locomotion deficits, also observed in PINK1-related PD in humans. In flies, Pink1 deficiency induces defects in the ability to fly; nonetheless, around ten percent of the mutant flies are still capable of flying, indicating that advantageous factors affecting penetrance also exist in flies. Here, we aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying this reduced penetrance in Pink1-deficient flies. We performed genetic screening in pink1-mutant flies to identify RNA expression alterations affecting the flying ability. The most important biological processes involved were transcriptional and translational activities, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) regulation, and flagellated movement and microtubule organization. We validated two ER-related proteins, zonda and windbeutel, to positively affect the flying ability of Pink1-deficient flies. Thus, our data suggest that these processes are involved in the reduced penetrance and that influencing them may be beneficial for Pink1 deficiency.
A Practical Guide to Computational Tools for Engineering Biocatalytic Properties
Authors: Vega Aitor , Planas Antoni , Biarnés Xevi
Published: January 2025

The growing demand for efficient, selective, and stable enzymes has fueled advancements in computational enzyme engineering, a field that complements experimental methods to accelerate enzyme discovery. With a plethora of software and tools available, researchers from different disciplines often face challenges in selecting the most suitable method that meets their requirements and available starting data. This review categorizes the computational tools available for enzyme engineering based on their capacity to enhance the following specific biocatalytic properties of biotechnological interest: (i) protein–ligand affinity/selectivity, (ii) catalytic efficiency, (iii) thermostability, and (iv) solubility for recombinant enzyme production. By aligning tools with their respective scoring functions, we aim to guide researchers, particularly those new to computational methods, in selecting the appropriate software for the design of protein engineering campaigns. De novo enzyme design, involving the creation of novel proteins, is beyond this review’s scope. Instead, we focus on practical strategies for fine-tuning enzymatic performance within an established reference framework of natural proteins.
The Single-Parameter Bragg–Williams Model for Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Ozkilinc Ozge , Soler Miguel Angel , Giannozzi Paolo , Aparicio Santiago , Fogolari Federico
Published: January 2025

The study of solid–liquid equilibria offers critical insights into the molecular interactions between constituents in binary mixtures. Predicting these equilibria often requires comprehensive thermodynamic models, yet simplified approaches can provide valuable perspectives. In this work, we explore the application of the Bragg–Williams model to solid–liquid equilibria in binary mixtures leading to the formation of eutectic solvents. This model relies on a single parameter—the molar energy change upon mixing compounds—and demonstrates noteworthy features: the parameter can be estimated from a few (in principle, from a single) experimental melting points, and it correlates strongly with interaction energy parameters from more complex models, such as the PC-SAFT molecular-based equation of state. By using the Bragg–Williams model, we provide a straightforward and informative framework for characterizing solid–liquid equilibria, enabling insights into molecular interactions while requiring few data points as input. Despite its simplicity, the model effectively captures the essence of binary mixture energetics, positioning it as a practical tool for advancing the understanding of phase behavior in eutectic solvent systems.
Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Jimenez-Trinidad Francisco Rafael , Calvo-Gomez Sergi , Sabaté Manel , Brugaletta Salvatore , Campuzano Victoria , Egea Gustavo , Dantas Ana Paula
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough overview of the vital role that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play in endothelial dysfunction, particularly emphasizing how physiological factors—such as sex and aging—along with significant cardiovascular risk factors, influence this process. The review covers studies ranging from the first description of EVs in 1945 to contemporary insights into their biological roles in intercellular signaling and endothelial dysfunction. A comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed articles and reviews indexed in the PubMed database was conducted to compile the information. Initially, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms included keywords aimed at providing general knowledge about the role of EVs in the regulation of endothelial signaling, such as “extracellular vesicles”, “endothelium”, and “intercellular signaling”. Subsequently, terms related to the pathophysiological implications of EV interactions with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease were added, including “cardiovascular disease”, “sex”, “aging”, “atherosclerosis”, “obesity”, and “diabetes”. Additionally, the potential applications of EVs in cardiovascular disease were explored using the MeSH terms “extracellular vesicles”, “cardiovascular disease”, “biomarker”, and “therapeutic strategy”. The results of this bibliographical review reveal that EVs have the capacity to induce various cellular responses within the cardiovascular system and play a significant role in the complex landscape of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. The composition of the EV cargo is subject to modification by pathophysiological conditions such as sex, aging, and cardiovascular risk factors, which result in a complex regulatory influence on endothelial function and neighboring cells when released from a dysfunctional endothelium. Moreover, the data suggest that this field still requires further exploration, as EV biology is continuously evolving, presenting a dynamic and engaging area for research. A deeper understanding of the molecular cargo involved in EV–endothelium interactions could yield valuable biomarkers for monitoring cardiovascular disease progression and facilitate the development of innovative bioengineered therapeutic strategies to enhance patient outcomes.
An Application of SEMAR IoT Application Server Platform to Drone-Based Wall Inspection System Using AI Model
Authors: Panduman Yohanes Yohanie Fridelin , Husna Radhiatul , Noprianto  , Funabiki Nobuo , Sakamaki Shunya , Sukaridhoto Sritrusta , Syaifudin Yan Watequlis , Rahmadani Alfiandi Aulia
Published: January 2025

Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has been adopted in a number of Internet of Things (IoT) application systems to enhance intelligence. We have developed a ready-made server with rich built-in functions to collect, process, display, analyze, and store data from various IoT devices, the SEMAR (Smart Environmental Monitoring and Analytics in Real-Time) IoT application server platform, in which various AI techniques have been implemented to enhance its capabilities. In this paper, we present an application of SEMAR to a drone-based wall inspection system using an object detection AI model called You Only Look Once (YOLO). This system aims to detect wall cracks at high places using images taken via a camera on a flying drone. An edge computing device is installed to control the drone, sending the taken images through the Kafka system, storing them with the drone flight data, and sending the data to SEMAR. The images are analyzed via YOLO through SEMAR. For evaluations, we implemented the system using Ryze Tello for the drone and Raspberry Pi for the edge, and we evaluated the detection accuracy. The preliminary experiment results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposal.
A Decade of Protecting Insect Biodiversity: The Impact of Multifunctional Margins in an Intensive Vegetable System
Authors: Peris-Felipo Francisco Javier , Santa Fernando , Aguado-Martin Oscar , Gayan-Quijano Ana Lia , Aguado-Sanz Rodrigo , Miranda-Barroso Luis , Garcia-Verde Francisco
Published: January 2025

The intensification of agriculture over the past 80 years has led to significant changes in farm management, resulting in the creation of large-scale fields and the elimination of ecological structural elements. The loss of these areas has dramatically affected natural communities. This study aimed to test whether the implementation of floral margins generates significant differences in insect abundance over time. The study was carried out on an intensive vegetable farm in Spain over a ten-year period (2013–2022) where a floral margin was sown and maintained over the years. The results showed a clear linear increase in insect individuals, with a total increase of 403.33% from 2013 to 2022. The number of species increased by 138.80% overall, with most growth occurring in the first three years before stabilising (0.63% increase from 2016 to 2022). The analysis of community structure demonstrates a gradual evolution in the insect population dynamics aligned significantly with both log-series and log-normal distributions (p-value > 0.05). This long-term study demonstrates that floral margins are an essential tool for fostering insect biodiversity in intensive agricultural areas. The steady, rather than abrupt, shift in the ecosystem suggests that sustained implementation of floral margins can effectively prevent or reverse insect decline over time.
Sodium-Glucose-Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Therapy and Intermitted Fasting in Cardiorenal Syndrome: The Role of Glucose-Mediated Oxidative Stress
Authors: Schröder Katrin
Published: January 2025

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex clinical disorder characterized by the interplay between heart and kidney dysfunction. This condition is exacerbated by comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, which contribute to glucose-mediated oxidative stress, further complicating the management of CRS. The management of CRS has evolved with the discovery of sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which have been established as effective agents in reducing hyperglycemia and demonstrated cardiorenal protective effects. Concurrently, intermittent fasting has gained attention as an intervention without pharmacological treatment for its metabolic benefits, including improved glucose metabolism and insulin regulation and sensitivity, both with a potential reduction in oxidative stress. This review provides a summary of current findings on the roles of SGLT2 inhibitors and intermittent fasting in managing CRS, with a particular focus on glucose-mediated oxidative stress. We evaluate the mechanisms by which these interventions exert their effects, identify gaps in current research, and offer recommendations for future studies. While both SGLT2 inhibitors and intermittent fasting demonstrate potential in managing CRS, more research is needed to elucidate their long-term efficacy, safety, and potential synergistic effects.
A Longitudinal Assessment of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Aidarbekova Dilbar , Sadykova Karlygash , Saruarov Yerbolat , Nurdinov Nursultan , Zhunissova Mira , Babayeva Kumissay , Nemetova Dinara , Turmanbayeva Ainur , Bekenova Aigerim , Nuskabayeva Gulnaz , Sarria-Santamera Antonio
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of conditions including central obesity, high blood pressure, high glucose levels, and abnormal triglycerides and cholesterol, which together increase the chances of heart disease, diabetes, and even death. The rates of MetS are different around the world, with 20–30% in Europe and 21.8–23.9% in Kazakhstan. Because MetS changes over time, it is important to study the dynamics of their components to improve prevention and treatments. This work aims to obtain the incidence of MetS and to evaluate the specific components associated with the emergence of new MetS cases in this population. Methods: This is a longitudinal study with a 10-year follow-up in Turkestan city between 2012 and 2024. Information was collected through physical exams, blood tests, and anthropometric measurements. Logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were used to find which factors increase the incidence of MetS. Results: Among 434 participants analyzed (78.8% women, and mean age 40.87, 66% < 2 MetS components, 20% had MetS blood pressure, and 65.9% had MetS waist circumference), the incidence of MetS at follow-up was 40%. The key risk factors for newly diagnosed MetS included elevated blood pressure and increased waist circumference. Multivariate analyses highlighted these components as the strongest predictors of MetS, with significant associations observed for participants with two or more MetS components at baseline. Conclusions: Elevated blood pressure and central obesity were identified as pivotal contributors to MetS progression. Given the rising prevalence of Mets and its implications, these results show the need to start treatment and check these risks early to prevent serious health problems.
Music-Based Cognitive Training for Adults with Major Depressive Disorder and Suicide Risk: A Pilot Study
Authors: Tan Melissa , Friyia Steffi , Hurt-Thaut Corene , Rizvi Sakina J. , Thaut Michael H.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Cognitive challenges in attention and executive function worsen over time in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal risk. These difficulties persist beyond acute episodes, with limited targeted treatments available. Neurologic music therapy (NMT) is effective for cognitive rehabilitation in brain injuries and developmental disabilities, suggesting potential benefits for adults with MDD and suicide risk. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of short-term NMT on cognitive function in adults with MDD. Methods: Adults aged 18+ with MDD and suicidal ideations participated in an 8-week single-arm open label study with 45-min individual in-person NMT sessions using musical attention control training (MACT) and musical executive function training (MEFT). Participants provided feedback on feasibility and acceptability, and pre- and post-intervention assessments included neurocognitive tasks and questionnaires on suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and quality of life. Results: A total of 18 individuals enrolled, and 10 participants completed the study protocol. Of the participants, 100% were satisfied with their experience with NMT, with 100% noting improvements in attention and 80% in executive function. Participants experienced some improvements in short-term memory (Digit Span Forward Test), cognitive flexibility (Trail Making Test B), and inhibitory control (Stroop Task). Significant reduction in suicidal ideation intensity (Beck Suicidal Scale of Ideation) was observed, as well as significant improvements in quality of life. Conclusions: This is the first study using NMT to demonstrate feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness with respect to cognitive function in adults with MDD and suicide risk, providing preliminary data for future randomized controlled trials.
Blunt Traumatic Aortic Injury Treated with Endovascular Aortic Repair: Does Age Influence the Outcome?
Authors: Lutz Maximilian , Wippel David , Loizides Alexander , Galijasevic Malik , Schönherr Laura , Gizewski Elke R. , Wipper Sabine , Freund Martin , Enzmann Florian K.
Published: January 2025

Background: Blunt traumatic aortic injury (BTAI) is the second most common cause of death following blunt trauma, and it can affect people of all ages. The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related differences in outcomes among patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for BTAI. Methods: All patients treated with TEVAR for BTAI at a tertiary care center in Europe between 2005 and 2023 were included in this study. All clinical and imaging data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 70 patients with a median age of 43 years were included, and 89% were male. Older patients had significantly higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification scores (p < 0.001) compared to younger patients. All age groups (<18, 18–40, 41–65, and >65) exhibited low to borderline low initial hemoglobin levels with a further decline over time (p = 0.063, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.018, respectively). Age groups were comparable regarding injury mechanism, Injury Severity Score (ISS), concomitant injuries and postoperative complications. The age-independent ISS showed a moderate to strong correlation to the length of intensive care unit stay (r = 0.594, p < 0.001). Total in-hospital mortality was 6% and none was from aortic-related complications. There was a generally high rate of loss of follow-up (59%). Conclusions: Although older patients presented worse ASA scores in comparison to younger patients, no significant differences regarding postoperative morbidity/mortality were noted. These findings imply that patient age and preinjury physical status might not substantially influence outcomes when treating BTAI with TEVAR.