bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação de potenciais interações medicamentosas em pacientes da unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário
Authors: Gomes Alice Madilza Palmeira , Dias Bezerra Karoline Gomes , Oliveira Fernando De Sousa
Published: November 2019

Introdução: entende-se por interação medicamentosa a ação de um medicamento, alimento ou qualquer substância química sobre o efeito de outro medicamento gerando uma resposta farmacológica ou clínica. Associações de fármacos no tratamento de doenças crônicas são muito comuns, principalmente em pacientes de unidade de terapia intensiva, no entanto, podem causar algumas interações medicamentosas, as quais podem ser responsáveis por insucesso terapêutico e aumento dos custos hospitalares. Objetivo: analisar a ocorrência e o perfil de potenciais interações medicamentosas em pacientes da UTI do Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro em Campina Grande-PB. Metodologia: realizou-se um estudo transversal descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, a partir de dados coletados de prescrições da UTI entre janeiro a junho de 2017, utilizando de um formulário específico. Para identificação das potenciais interações utilizou-se o Drug-Reax System do software Micromedex® Health Series. Resultados: dentre as 109 prescrições avaliadas, 69,7% apresentaram alguma interação, totalizando 244 potenciais interações. Foram detectados em média 6,9 medicamentos/prescrição. A maioria das interações apresentou mecanismo de ação farmacodinâmico, grau de severidade maior, razoável documentação e início de ação não especificado. Todas as prescrições com mais de 10 fármacos apresentaram algum tipo de interação. Conclusão: o surgimento de interações em UTI possui alta prevalência, mas as associações são justificadas pelo seu risco/benefício, por isso devem ser avaliadas e monitoradas pelo farmacêutico e a equipe de saúde, com intuito de reduzir o surgimento de potenciais interações que levem a falhas terapêuticas e risco ao paciente, aperfeiçoando assim o manejo clínico.
Estudo das propriedades físicas de um biomaterial com nova composição de wollastonita e beta fosfato tricálcico para regeneração óssea após implante in vivo
Authors: Monção Mauricio Mitsuo , Rosa Fabiana Paim
Published: November 2019

Resumo

Introdução: Associadas à composição química, as propriedades físicas dos biomateriais como formato, dimensões e porosidade, são fatores que influenciam na biocompatibilidade, biodegradabilidade e nos potenciais osteoindutivo e osteocondutores. Objetivo: Identificar modificações físicas no formato, dimensões e porosidade de um biomaterial com nova composição de wollastonita e beta fosfato tricálcico, implantado em defeitos ósseos críticos em calvária de ratos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, com um biomaterial compósito, antes e após a sua implantação in vivo. Utilizou-se explantes cirúrgicos de calvárias de ratos que receberam implantes em defeito ósseo crítico. Os animais foram distribuídos em 3 grupos experimentais aleatoriamente, compostos por 5 animais cada, e avaliados com 15, 45 e 120 dias. Os grupos foram denominados: G0-biomaterial; GI-15 dias; GII-45 dias; e, GIII-120 dias. As amostras foram micrografadas em microscópio eletrônico de varredura, com diferentes ampliações. Utilizou-se o software livre ImageJ para processamento das imagens e análise das partículas e poros. Resultados: A distribuição espacial do biomaterial promoveu preenchimento completo do defeito ósseo crítico. Micrografias com diferentes magnificações permitiu identificar modificações na área de contato entre grânulos, diminuição dos poros intergranular, aumento da área ocupada pelos poros e diminuição das partículas nos grânulos. Nos grupos GII e GIII, identificou-se formação de componentes orgânicos na superfície do implante. Conclusão: Houve modificações físicas no formato, dimensões horizontais, distribuição espacial e porosidade da superfície dos grânulos do biomaterial, relacionadas com a biodegradabilidade e o potencial osteoindutivo e osteocondutor do biomaterial.
Lipoma em região pterigomandibular. Relato de caso
Authors: Rocha de Souza Kelvin Borges , Silva Railla Souza , Teixeira de Carvalho Marister Ribeiro , Peixoto Medrado Alena Ribeiro , Costa Freire Tila Fortuna
Published: November 2019

O lipoma é um tumor benigno de crescimento lento, assintomático, com consistência amolecida. Clinicamente, apresenta-se como massa nodular, pedunculada ou séssil, de aspecto gelatinoso com superfície lisa recoberta por mucosa bucal saudável. Apesar de comum em outras partes do corpo, esse tumor raramente acomete a cavidade bucal. Seu tratamento consiste na excisão cirúrgica, e apresenta raras recidivas, devido à presença de uma pseudocápsula que separa a lesão dos tecidos circunvizinhos. Objetivo: este trabalho objetiva relatar o caso clínico de um paciente com lipoma em região peterigomandibular, tratado com sucesso por excisão irúrgica. Relato de caso: paciente masculino, de 51 anos, relatou aparecimento de aumento de volume assintomático em região posterior da cavidade bucal, com evolução de aproximadamente 8 meses. Foi realizada biópsia excisional da lesão sob anestesia local, sem complicações. A suspeita diagnóstica de lipoma foi confirmada por meio de laudo histopatológico. Paciente encontra-se no vigésimo mês de pós-operatório, sem recidiva da lesão. Conclusão: por ser raro na região maxilofacial, o tumor, quando acomete
a mucosa bucal, deve ser relatado na literatura. No caso descrito, a biópsia excisional, realizada em âmbito ambulatorial, mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento do lipoma em região peterigomandibular.
Benefícios da utilização de bifidobactérias e lactobacilos no tratamento da colite ulcerativa: uma revisão
Authors: Conceição Eliane Dos Santos da , Silva Marcos Da Costa , Vasconcelos Maria Izabel Lamounier
Published: November 2019

Introdução: a colite ulcerativa é uma doença crônica, que ocasiona inflamação das mucosas do cólon, ceco e reto. Algumas evidências sugerem que o desenvolvimento e as recidivas da colite estão relacionados à susceptibilidade genética, ao desequilíbrio da microbiota intestinal e a resposta anormal do sistema imunológico à antígenos entéricos. Diante disto, a modulação da microbiota pode ser útil para o tratamento da doença. Objetivo: compilar os principais resultados de ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre a utilização de bifidobactérias e lactobacilos no tratamento da colite ulcerativa. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, que utilizou as bases de dados Pubmed e Google Acadêmico, para pesquisa de artigos originais de ensaios clínicos randomizados em humanos, publicados entre 2003 e 2017, em inglês. Resultados: foram incluídos, dois ensaios multicêntricos, randomizados, duplo-cego; dois ensaios randomizados, duplo-cego; dois ensaios randomizados; e um ensaio randomizado aberto. O tratamento com L. delbruekii e L. fermentum melhorou a inflamação. O leite fermentado com B. breve, B. bifidum e L. acidophilus e a suplementação L. rhamnosus estirpe GG melhoraram os sintomas clínicos, chegando a superar o tratamento padrão. A cepa B. longum induziu a remissão. E o leite fermentado com B. breve e L. acidophilus manteve a remissão da doença. Conclusão: embora, a maior parte dos resultados tenha sido positiva, algumas limitações reduzem a aplicabilidade desses achados em outras populações, como desenho experimental, tamanho da amostra e diversidade de cepas probióticas. Por isso, novos ensaios clínicos randomizados, controlados e com populações maiores devem ser realizados.
Implantes zigomáticos de carga imediata: relato de caso
Authors: Almeida Sergio Ricardo , Araújo Danilo Barral , Campos Elisângela de Jesus , Martins Gabriela Botelho , Araújo Roberto Paulo Correia
Published: November 2019

Introdução: atualmente, o relevante desafio enfrentado pela odontologia se constitui na redução do tempo de tratamento e na restrição dos procedimentos cirúrgicos, na perspectiva de se assegurar o máximo conforto às pessoas que buscam a reabilitação oral. Em se tratando de pacientes edêntulos totais, os eventos que devem ser desenvolvidos demandam de um planejamento correto tendo em consideração o tempo de execução. Face a esses pressupostos, a reabilitação oral busca reconstituir a mastigação, a estética, o suporte labial e a fonética. Objetivo: o caso clínico ora descrito visa demonstrar a instalação de 4 implantes zigomáticos seguindo-se da colocação da prótese definitiva em sistema de carga imediata. Metodologia: com base na literatura científica e tendo em vista a limitação das condições anatômicas e clínicas apresentadas pela paciente do sexo feminino, com 68 anos de idade e boa saúde, fez-se a opção pela instalação de 4 implantes zigomáticos associada à técnica de carga imediata. Resultado e conclusão: em compatibilidade com os dados da literatura, o êxito cirúrgico e a reabilitação oral alcançados, associados à satisfação manifestada pela paciente, são indicadores de elevada previsibilidade quanto à longevidade da sobrevida dos implantes zigomáticos instalados.
Welcome
Authors: Dillon Grant
Published: November 2019

Piki mai, kake mai, nau mai, haere mai. Haere mai ki te hautaka o te Ropu Whakaora Hinengaro.
It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the first issue of Ata: Journal of Psychotherapy Aotearoa New Zealand, the journal of the New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists (NZAP). It has been a while coming; and the interval has given space for a rethinking of its form and place in the life of our Association. I am most grateful to Keith Tudor and Alayne Hall for their work in bringing this reconception to life. I am also grateful to their ancestors, the editors and editorial teams of Forum, without whom Ata would not have been possible.
Editorial
Authors: Tudor Keith , Hall Alayne
Published: November 2019

E ngā waka, e ngā mana, e ngā hau e wha, karangatanga maha huri noa in ngā motu nei te mihi mahana atu ki a koutou katoa. Tenā koutou, tenā koutou, tenā koutou katoa. To the many talented and esteemed people who are propelled together by the four winds, spread throughout the islands, we greet you warmly. We greet you once, twice, thrice.
Home, Not Alone
Authors: Degril Chantal
Published: November 2019

The notion of “home” evokes something familiar but also, as Freud beautifully demonstrated, it evokes the uncanny. This notion is examined using the example of a case of phobia, a structure which convokes an object as, not so much a source of anxiety, rather a protection against it. The work of Jacques Lacan on “object relations” serves as the main reference for discussion of the case material.
Ko te ariā “kāinga”, he whakaarahanga mea e taunga ana, heoi anō hoki, ki tā Freud whakaahuatanga tau, he whakaarahanga tipua kē. Ka whakamātauhia tēnei aria i raro i te tauiratanga mai o te whakaaturanga āhua o “wehi”, he anga whakaputanga hau, ehara nei I te whakaputanga anipā, engari ia he pākatitanga kē atu. Ko ngā mahi “hononga pae” a Jacques Lacan te ariā whakapae matua hai tohutoro matapakitanga o te kohinga korero.
My House Burned Down
Authors: De Leon Jennifer
Published: November 2019

This article, originally presented in the context of and following a dance performance, discusses how the author, also the choreographer/performer and a dance therapist, works with movement and meaning as part of the therapeutic journey. Following some discussion about dance, the language of dance, and dance therapy, the article presents the view that the concept of relinquishment, as represented by the title of the paper, is intrinsically linked to the concept of home, and that, without recognising the significance of relinquishment, we cannot fully know or understand the concept of “home”. Both the dance work, represented in pictures in the text, and the paper itself explicate this link between home and relinquishment: presenting the idea that by recognising and embracing relinquishment we come closer to knowing wholeness and wellness. The article also describes how the performed dance My House Burned Down can be interpreted as a therapeutic process and, as such, can be seen to move through struggle to a new perspective on presently held ideas about ‘home,’ ‘self’ and the capacity and potential of one’s self.
Ko tēnei tuhinga, taketake ake i whakaatuhia i roto i te horopaki whakaari kanikani, ā, whai muri mai i matapakihia i pēhea tā te kaituhi, me te kaiwhakarite/kaikanikani me tētahi kaiwhakaora kaikanikani, whakamahi i ngā oreorehanga me ngā tikanga hai haerenga whakaora. I muri i tētahi matapakinga kanikani, ko te reo kanikani, me te whakaoranga kanikani, ka whakaatuhia e te tuhinga te aroro tuku, e ai ki tā te ingoa o te pepa, e mau pū ana ki te aroro mō kāinga , ā, inā kore e mōhio i te takenui o te tuku, kāre tātou e mōhio whānui, e mātau rānei ki te aroro o “kāinga”. Takirua ko te mahi kanikani whakaahuahia nei i roto i ngā whakaata kei roto i te kupu, me te tuhinga tonu e whakamārama ana i tē hononga o te kāinga me te tuku: he whakaaturanga i te ariā mā te kitenga, tauawhinga tukunga ka tata atu tātou ki te mōhiotanga o te kotahitanga me te oranga. Ka whakaahuahia anō hoki e te tuhinga me pēhea te whakaaritanga kanikani I Wera Taku Whare e taea ai te kī he takinga oranga ā, ka kitea te wheta ki tētahi tirohanga hou tae atu hoki te tētahi whakaarohanga hurihanga.
[Review of the book Home is where we start from, by D. W. Winnicott.]
Authors: O'Connor John
Published: November 2019

On page 42 of this collection of essays by psychoanalyst Donald W. Winnicott, he comments: “I come back to the maxim: be before do. Be has to develop before do.” It is a theme which emerges often in this poetic evocation of the primary themes which underpin Winnicott’s clinical work and theoretical ideas. Throughout these papers, which range from an exploration of the concept of the healthy individual, to the place of the monarchy in British society, Winnicott emphasises that the holding facilitative maternal environment is central to the emotional health of the infant. His lucid prose invites the reader to consider that this early environment is essential to the health, not only of the individual and the family, but to society, and that the risk of ignoring the importance of creating a “home” within the psyche, is disastrous for all.
Home is Political
Authors: Tudor Keith
Published: November 2019

The idea that “the personal is political” is perhaps less controversial than when it was a slogan of the feminist movement in the 1970s. I say “perhaps” as I am only too aware of the suspicion of and resistance to “politics” in psychotherapy — as if the clinic, consulting room and couch can or should be situated outside society or (from the Greek) the polis.
The activation mechanism of plant S6 kinase (S6K), a substrate of TOR kinase, is different from that of mammalian S6K
Authors: Yaguchi Misaki , Ikeya Shun , Kozaki Akiko
Published: November 2019

The S6 kinases (S6Ks) are known to be activated by the target of rapamycin through phosphorylation of their hydrophobic motif (HM). However, our previous research showed that the HM site of plant S6Ks is not phosphorylated and is not essential for their activity in yeast cells lacking Ypk3, an ortholog of mammalian S6K. Here, we demonstrate that the HM site of mammalian S6Ks is phosphorylated and is indispensable for their activity in yeast ypk3∆ cells. Furthermore, pseudo‐phosphorylation at the HM site of plant S6Ks results in regaining of activity that is lost due to mutation in the conserved phosphorylation sites, namely the T‐loop and Turn motif. These results indicate the activation mechanism of plant S6Ks is different from that of mammals.
Endogenous beta‐galactosidase activity marks a TREM2‐expressing Kupffer cell population in injured livers of Lgr5‐LacZ and wild‐type mice
Authors: Klaas Mariliis , Mäemets‐Allas Kristina , Lõhmussaar Kadi , Tooming Mikk , Viil Janeli , Jaks Viljar
Published: November 2019

Lgr5‐LacZ mice harbor the Escherichia coli LacZ gene encoding β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) under the control of the Lgr5 promoter, a stem/progenitor cell marker. In injured livers of Lgr5‐LacZ mice, cells expressing β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) are considered as potential bipotent liver progenitors; however, their origin and identity remain unknown. Unexpectedly, using lineage tracing, we demonstrate that the β‐gal+ cells do not originate from liver parenchymal cells. Instead, β‐gal+ cells, isolated from injured livers of both Lgr5‐LacZ and wild‐type mice, are positive for markers of Kupffer cells, liver‐resident macrophages. The β‐gal expression in these cells is a result of elevated expression of the endogenous beta‐galactosidase Glb1. In injured livers of Lgr5‐LacZ mice, bacterial β‐gal expression is very low, suggesting transgene silencing. The gene expression profile of the β‐gal+ Kupffer cells from injured livers suggests a role in liver regeneration.
Electrochromic Infrared Light Modulation in Optical Waveguides
Authors: Kim Jin Tae , Song Juhee , Ryu Hojun , Ah Chil Seong
Published: November 2019

Electrochromic materials and devices have attracted much attention with their ability to tune the transmissions of visible to infrared (IR) light, allowing the creation of smart windows. This study presents a novel electrochromic device (ECD)‐based photonic device that can modulate IR light intensity in a planar optical waveguide ECD. To configure it, a multilayer ECD made of WO3 is integrated on a polymer optical waveguide platform. By using the waveguide to change the optical properties of the ECD electrically, IR light propagating along the optical waveguide core undergoes electroabsorption loss due to the change in charge carrier density in WO3 layer and its intensity is modulated with an extinction depth of 0.6 dB mm−1. Experimental results show that the device is capable of discrete intensity attenuation by applying a distinct level gate voltage. Periodic application of gate voltage leads the device to serve as an optical modulator on the order of subseconds. The results also confirm that a new approach to consider ECD‐based optical modulators can pave the way for the development of planar photonic‐integrated circuits and systems.
Liver stiffness‐spleen size‐platelet ratio as a useful clinical predictor for esophageal varices bleeding in patients with viral cirrhosis
Authors: Yan Sheng‐Lei , Chen Chien‐Hua , Yeh Yung‐Hsiang
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of liver stiffness measurement‐spleen size‐to‐platelet ratio score (LSPS) and clinical factors for predicting high‐risk esophageal varices (HREV) in patients with viral cirrhosis. From January 2016 to November 2017, cirrhotic patients with either chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C were consecutively included in this study. All included patients underwent liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and esophagogastroduodenoscopy examinations during the study period. LSM was performed using transient elastography with FibroScan. HREV were defined as medium‐to‐large esophageal varices (EV) and small EV with red color signs, while low‐risk EV (LREV) as small EV without red color signs. A total of 151 patients with either HBV‐ or HCV‐related cirrhosis were included in this study. Multivariate analysis and stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that LSPS (P < .0001; odds ratio 12.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 5.04‐30.62), platelet count/spleen size ratio (P < .0001; odds ratio 12.2; 95% CI, 5.10‐29.04), and albumin level (P < .0001; odds ratio 5.5; 95% CI, 2.52‐12.07) were confirmed as independent predictors of HREV. The values of area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (AUROC) curves were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.75‐0.89) for LSPS, 0.80 (95% CI, 0.72‐0.87) for platelet count/spleen size ratio, and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.67‐0.83) for albumin level. Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis and diagnostic performance showed that LSPS was superior over other noninvasive tests in terms of AUROC. At the optimal cutoff value of 2.3 for LSPS, the values of AUROC, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.75‐0.89), 85.4% (95% CI, 72.2%‐93.9%), 68.0% (95% CI, 58.0%‐76.8%), 90.9% (95% CI, 83.3%‐95.3%), 55.4% (95% CI, 47.8%‐62.8%), and 73.5% (95% CI, 65.7%‐80.4%), respectively. However, there were no significant differences between the values of AUROC for LSPS and other noninvasive tests (P > .05, DeLong test). The results of our study showed that LSPS provided good diagnostic accuracy for detecting HREV in patients with viral cirrhosis.
Electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers embedded with zerovalent iron and cerium oxide nanoparticles, as Cr(VI) adsorbents for water treatment
Authors: Vazquez‐Velez E. , Lopez‐Zarate L. , Martinez‐Valencia H.
Published: November 2019

Zerovalent iron (ZVI) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (NFs) were obtained via electrospinning. Each NF was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The scaffold morphology and average diameter of the NFs were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the NPs dispersion in the NFs. The Cr(VI) removal efficiency (%E) of ZVI and CeO2 NPs was compared with the efficiency of their corresponding NFs. CeO2 NPs showed 79% Cr(VI) removal; the efficiency was better for their NFs (96%). Regeneration of ZVI NFs was 98 %E. ZVI NPs were the best adsorbent with 99.9% efficiency. An adsorption mechanism was proposed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. SEM–EDS analyses revealed that Cr adsorbed on the NP and NF surfaces. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48663.
Properties of tire tread compounds based on functionalized styrene butadiene rubber and functionalized natural rubber
Authors: Sirisinha Chakrit , Sae‐oui Pongdhorn , Suchiva Krisda , Thaptong Puchong
Published: November 2019

Tire tread compounds based on various rubber types, that is, solution styrene‐butadiene rubber (SSBR), functionalized (propylamine and dimethoxysilane) solution styrene‐butadiene rubber (F‐SSBR), natural rubber (NR), chloroacetate‐modified natural rubber (CNR), and their blends, were prepared and used as raw rubbers. Properties of tire tread compounds and tire performance were then investigated. Due to the presence of chloroacetate group on its mainchains, CNR demonstrates increases in glass transition temperature and rubber‐filler interaction compared to NR leading to a significant improvement in tire performance, particularly wet grip (WG; ~88%), fuel‐saving efficiency (FSE; ~15%), and abrasion resistance (~11%). Similarly, F‐SSBR shows a greater tire performance than SSBR (~20, ~13, and ~7% improvements in WG, FSE, and abrasion resistance, respectively). Among the rubber blends, F‐SSBR/CNR gives the highest tire performance, followed by F‐SSBR/NR, SSBR/CNR, and SSBR/NR, respectively. The results suggest the significant enhancement in properties of tire tread compounds by the presence of active functional groups in NR and SSBR molecules. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48696.
The genome of Chenopodium pallidicaule: An emerging Andean super grain
Authors: Mangelson Hayley , Jarvis David E. , Mollinedo Patricia , Rollano‐Penaloza Oscar M. , Palma‐Encinas Valeria D. , Gomez‐Pando Luz Rayda , Jellen Eric N. , Maughan Peter J.
Published: November 2019

Premise

Cañahua is a semi‐domesticated crop grown in high‐altitude regions of the Andes. It is an A‐genome diploid (2n = 2x = 18) relative of the allotetraploid (AABB) Chenopodium quinoa and shares many of its nutritional benefits. Cañahua seed contains a complete protein, a low glycemic index, and offers a wide variety of nutritionally important vitamins and minerals.

Methods

The reference assembly was developed using a combination of short‐ and long‐read sequencing techniques, including multiple rounds of Hi‐C–based proximity‐guided assembly.

Results

The final assembly of the ~363‐Mbp genome consists of 4633 scaffolds, with 96.6% of the assembly contained in nine scaffolds representing the nine haploid chromosomes of the species. Repetitive element analysis classified 52.3% of the assembly as repetitive, with the most common repeat identified as long terminal repeat retrotransposons. MAKER annotation of the final assembly yielded 22,832 putative gene models.

Discussion

When compared with quinoa, strong patterns of synteny support the hypothesis that cañahua is a close A‐genome diploid relative, and thus potentially a simplified model diploid species for genetic analysis and improvement of quinoa. Resequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a diversity panel of cañahua accessions suggests that coordinated efforts are needed to enhance genetic diversity conservation within ex situ germplasm collections.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in Brighamia insignis and transferability to other genera in the Hawai‘ian lobelioid group
Authors: Fant Jeremie B. , Fluckes Mereida , James Evana , Noble Hilary , Wood Jordan
Published: November 2019

Premise

Microsatellite markers were developed to measure genetic diversity and relatedness of ex situ collections of Brighamia insignis (Campanulaceae).

Methods and Results

Potential microsatellite markers were identified from two sources; 28 were developed for B. insignis and an additional 12 markers from a previously published study of Lobelia villosa. Primer pairs were tested on 30 individuals of B. insignis and 24 individuals of B. rockii to provide measures of genetic diversity and inbreeding. We assessed cross‐species amplification in an additional 13 taxa that represented all six genera within the Hawai‘ian lobelioid group to determine the broader applicability of the markers.

Conclusions

Results indicate that these primers will provide useful estimates of genetic diversity and relatedness of ex situ collections of both Brighamia species. In addition, we have also demonstrated the widespread applicability of these markers for use in population genetic studies of several species within the Hawai‘ian lobelioid group.
Exploring Pleiotropic Functions of Canine β‐Defensin 103: Nasal Cavity Expression, Antimicrobial Activity, and Melanocortin Receptor Activity
Authors: Aono Shelly , Dennis John C. , He Shan , Wang Wei , Tao Ya‐Xiong , Morrison Edward E.
Published: November 2019

Canine β‐defensin 103 (cBD103) and its common variant cBD103ΔG23 are multitasking polypeptides. As a β‐defensin, cBD103 is one of many antimicrobial agents used by the innate immunity to thwart pathogenic colonization. In this study, we showed that cBD103 was expressed throughout the nasal cavity, with primary expression in the nares as well as respiratory and olfactory epithelia. In the rostral nasal concha, cBD103 was expressed in the epithelium, and to a lesser degree in the lamina propria, but was absent in goblet cells. In the main olfactory epithelium, virtually all cells in the epithelial layer and select cells associated with Bowman's glands expressed cBD103. We also showed that the ΔG23 mutation did not appreciably alter the antimicrobial activity of the peptide against several species of microorganisms tested in nutrient‐rich or minimal media or minimal media with salt added. Moreover, we showed antimicrobial activity in minimal media did not necessarily predict the inhibitory action of the peptide in nutrient‐rich media. Both forms of cBD103 caused ultrastructural changes (membrane blebbing, condensation of intracellular contents and cell wall lysis) in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. As a ligand of the melanocortin receptors, we showed that cBD103ΔG23 increased ERK1/2 activation and cAMP accumulation when bound to the human or canine melanocortin‐4 receptor, acting as a weak allosteric agonist.
How online word‐of‐mouth impacts receivers
Authors: Moore Sarah G. , Lafreniere Katherine C.
Published: November 2019

Online word‐of‐mouth (WOM) can impact consumers’ product evaluations, purchase intentions, and choices—but when does it do so? How do those receiving WOM know whether to rely on a particular message? This article suggests that the multiple players involved in online WOM (receivers, senders, sellers, platforms, and other consumers) each have their own interests, which are often in conflict. Thus, receivers of WOM are faced with a judgment task in deciding what information to rely on: They must make inferences about the product in question and about the players who provide or present WOM. To do so, they use signals embedded in various components of WOM, such as average star ratings, message content, or sender characteristics. The product and player information provided by these signals shapes the impact of WOM by allowing receivers to make inferences about (a) their likelihood of product satisfaction, and (b) the trustworthiness of WOM players, and therefore the trustworthiness of their content. This article summarizes how each player changes the impact of online WOM, providing a lens for understanding the current literature in online WOM, offering insights for theory in this context, and opening up pathways for future research.
Nucleic Acid Catalysis under Potential Prebiotic Conditions
Authors: Le Vay Kristian , Salibi Elia , Song Emilie Y. , Mutschler Hannes
Published: November 2019

Catalysis by nucleic acids is indispensable for extant cellular life, and it is widely accepted that nucleic acid enzymes were crucial for the emergence of primitive life 3.5‐4 billion years ago. However, geochemical conditions on early Earth must have differed greatly from the constant internal milieus of today's cells. In order to explore plausible scenarios for early molecular evolution, it is therefore essential to understand how different physicochemical parameters, such as temperature, pH, and ionic composition, influence nucleic acid catalysis and to explore to what extent nucleic acid enzymes can adapt to non‐physiological conditions. In this article, we give an overview of the research on catalysis of nucleic acids, in particular catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) and DNAs (deoxyribozymes), under extreme and/or unusual conditions that may relate to prebiotic environments.
Glycerol valorization: conversion to lactic acid by heterogeneous catalysis and separation by ion exchange chromatography
Authors: Arcanjo Maria R. A. , da Silva Ivanildo J. , Cavalcante Célio L. , Iglesias José , Morales Gabriel , Paniagua Marta , Melero Juan A. , Vieira Rodrigo S.
Published: November 2019

The consumption and production of biodiesel has grown dramatically in recent decades, motivated by a strong interest in renewable energy. This has generated a surplus of its main by‐product, glycerol. Several catalytic processes have been proposed to generate alternatives for using this excess glycerol, mainly focusing on its transformation into high value‐added chemical products. Various products, ranging from syngas to organic acids, such as acrylic or lactic acid, along with 1,2‐propanediol, 1,3‐propanediol, glycerol ethers or even polymers, have been produced starting from glycerol. Among this multitude of possibilities, the production of lactic acid is one of the most interesting alternatives to valorize glycerol, because of the wide range of applications described for this organic acid. This review focuses on recent studies dealing with the catalytic conversion of glycerol to lactic acid, using different heterogeneous catalysts, and evaluates the factors influencing the oxidation catalytic process and the proposed reaction mechanisms. Finally, recent studies on the separation and purification of lactic acid using ion exchange chromatography resins are also reported. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Italy's nutraceutical industry: a process and bioeconomy perspective into a key area of the global economy
Authors: Pagliaro Mario
Published: November 2019

Focusing on the development of Italy's nutraceutical industry, one of Europe's largest, this study offers a process and bioeconomy perspective that will be useful to countries willing to establish their own national dietary supplement industry as a key industrial asset in their economies. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Clinical significance of the presence of puff‐chandelier ruptures detected by nonobstructive aortic angioscopy
Authors: Yamaguchi Masao , Yonetsu Taishi , Hoshino Masahiro , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Ohya Hiroaki , Hada Masahiro , Sumino Yohei , Kanno Yoshinori , Hirano Hidenori , Yuki Haruhito , Horie Tomoki , Hamaya Rikuta , Usui Eisuke , Sugano Akinori , Murai Tadashi , Lee Tetsumin , Kimura Shigeki , Fujii Hiroyuki , Hikita Hiroyuki , Kakuta Tsunekazu
Published: November 2019

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic significance of atherosclerotic aortic plaques (AAPs) or specific AAP types detected by nonobstructive angioscopy (NOA) in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

Although recent studies have reported the presence of various patterns of AAPs, identified by NOA, the clinical significance of the presence of AAPs remains elusive.

Methods

In this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, a total of 167 patients who underwent PCI and intra‐aortic scans with NOA were studied. The association between AAPs and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and clinically driven unplanned revascularizations, was assessed.

Results

AAPs were detected in 126 patients (75%) who underwent NOA. MACEs occurred in 28 (17%) patients during the follow‐up (median 2.9 years [range 2.1–3.8]). Among all types of AAPs, only puff‐chandelier rupture (PCR) showed a significant difference in frequency between patients with and those without MACEs: 21 (75%) and 49 (35%), respectively (p < .001). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that PCR (hazard ratio [HR] 3.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.57–8.87, p = .004) and chronic kidney disease (HR 2.97, 95% CI 1.37–6.44, p = .010) were independent predictors of MACEs. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that PCR was significantly associated with more frequent MACEs.

Conclusion

The detection of PCR in the aorta using NOA was significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent adverse events after PCI.
Pseudocapacitance‐Enhanced Anode of CoP@C Particles Embedded in Graphene Aerogel toward Ultralong Cycling Stability Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hao Siyue , Li Huijun , Zhao Zhenxin , Wang Xiaomin
Published: November 2019

Developing an anode material with long‐cycling stability and excellent rate performance is critical for enhancing the Na+ storage performance. Herein, an effective method is applied to prepare the carbon‐coated CoP embedded into graphene aerogel (CoP@C/GA) as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). GA network with large specific surface area and cross‐linked pores provides sites for loading CoP@C, which reduces the agglomeration of CoP@C and accelerates the electron and ion transfer kinetics. The CoP@C particles with abundant pores help to buffer the volume change of CoP during the Na+ insertion/extraction. Meanwhile, CoP crystal particles break down and become smaller during the long‐cycling, resulting in an increase of contact area with the electrolyte. Therefore, the CoP@C/GA anode exhibits ultralong cycling stability (172.8 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1 over 4000 cycles with capacity retention ratio of 115.2 %), and superior rate performance (gradually increasing from 50 mA g−1 to 2000 mA g−1 and returning to 50 mA g−1, the capacity retention rate is 94.1 %). Furthermore, the storage mechanism of CoP@C/GA is mainly controlled by pseudocapacitive behavior, which leads to a rapid Na+ insertion/extraction and excellent rate performance. The prominent cycling stability of CoP@C/GA provides a bright prospect in SIB.
Polyoxometalate‐Derived Multi‐Component X/W2C@X,N‐C (X=Co, Si, Ge, B, and P) Nanoelectrocatalysts for Efficient Triiodide Reduction in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Ting , Xu Ming , Chen Weilin , Li Xiaohong , Li Fengrui , Wang Xinlong , Li Yunwu , Liu Ding , Wang Enbo
Published: November 2019

Multi‐component tungsten carbide‐based hybrid materials featuring different heteroatom dopants coated with X,N dual‐doped carbon layers (X/W2C@X,N‐C, XWXNC) were prepared by selecting Keggin‐type polyoxometalates (POMs) (NH4)n[XW12O40] (X=Co, Si, Ge, B, and P) and dicyandiamide (DCA) as precursors. The electrocatalytic activity of these nanocomposites as counter electrode (CE) catalysts for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was systematically investigated. Structure characterizations show that X,N heteroatoms were successfully introduced into the W2C and carbon frameworks. The obtained X,N dual‐doped carbon layers were modified and loaded with W2C nanoparticles, promoting the improvement of catalytic performance by a synergistic effect. The consequence of photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) is CoWCoNC (6.68 %)>SiWSiNC (6.56 %)>GeWGeNC (6.49 %)>BWBNC (6.45 %)>PWPNC (6.20 %)>WNC (6.05 %). With the increase in electronegativity of the dopants, the photovoltaic performance decreases in a reverse order. This work provides a shortcut to the rational design of highly efficient and cost‐effective catalysts for DSSCs.
A First‐Principles Study of C3N Nanostructures: Control and Engineering of the Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Nanosheets, Tubes and Ribbons
Authors: Bafekry Asadollah , Stampfl Catherine , Farjami Shayesteh S.
Published: November 2019

Using first‐principles calculations we systematically investigate the atomic, electronic and magnetic properties of novel two‐dimensional materials (2DM) with a stoichiometry C3N which has recently been synthesized. We investigate how the number of layers affect the electronic properties by considering monolayer, bilayer and trilayer structures, with different stacking of the layers. We find that a transition from semiconducting to metallic character occurs which could offer potential applications in future nanoelectronic devices. We also study the affect of width of C3N nanoribbons, as well as the radius and length of C3N nanotubes, on the atomic, electronic and magnetic properties. Our results show that these properties can be modified depending on these dimensions, and depend markedly on the nature of the edge states. Functionalization of the nanostructures by the adsorption of H adatoms is found induce metallic, half‐metallic, semiconducting and ferromagnetic behavior, which offers an approach to tailor the properties, as can the application of strain. Our calculations give insight into this new family of C3N nanostructures, which reveal unusual electronic and magnetic properties, and may have great potential in applications such as sensors, electronics and optoelectronic at the nanoscale.
Zinc Complexes for PLA Formation and Chemical Recycling: Towards a Circular Economy
Authors: McKeown Paul , Román‐Ramírez Luis A. , Bates Samuel , Wood Joseph , Jones Matthew D.
Published: November 2019

A series of ZnII complexes, based on propylenediamine Schiff bases, have been prepared and fully characterized. X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy identified significant differences in the solid and solution state for the ZnII species. All complexes have been applied to the ring‐opening polymerization of l‐lactide with emphasis on industrial conditions. High conversion and good molecular weight control were generally achievable for Zn(A–D)2, and high‐molecular‐weight poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was prepared in 1 min at a 10 000:1:33 [lactide]/[Zn]/[BnOH] loading. The more active ZnII catalysts were also applied to PLA degradation to alkyl lactate under mild conditions. Zn(A–B)2 demonstrated high activity and selectivity in this process with PLA being consumed within 1 h at 50 °C. Zn(C–D)2 were shown to be less active, and these observations can be related to the catalysts’ structure and the degradation mechanism. Initial results for the degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and mixed feeds are also presented, highlighting the broader applicability of the systems presented.
Serotonin and MucXS release by small secretory cells depend on Xpod, a SSC specific marker gene
Authors: Kurrle Yvonne , Kunesch Katharina , Bogusch Susanne , Schweickert Axel
Published: November 2019

Mucus secretion and ciliary motility are hallmarks for muco‐ciliary epithelia (MCE). Both, mammalian airways as well as the less complex epidermis of Xenopus embryos show cilia‐driven mucus flow to protect the organism against harmful effects by exogenous pathogens or pollutants. Four cell types set up the epidermal MCE in Xenopus. Multi‐ciliated cells (MCCs) generate an anterior to posterior flow of mucus. Ion secreting cells (ISCs) are characterized by the expression of ion transporters, presumably to maintain a favorable homeostasis. The largest cell type is represented by goblet cells, which cover most of the epidermis and exhibit secretory properties. Additionally, small secretory cells (SSCs) release mucus, antibiotic compounds, and the monoamine serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT). We have recently shown that serotonin regulates flow velocity by acting on ciliary beat frequency. Here, we describe the identification and functional characterization of Xenopus polka‐dots (Xpod). No homologous genes or proteins were found in other vertebrates, including Xenopus tropicalis. We demonstrate that Xpod serves as an SSC‐specific marker, starting to be expressed shortly after SSC specification at neurula stages. Overexpression of a tagged Xpod protein resulted in the localization of secretory granules. Notch signaling induced SSC cell fate, in contrast to its repressing effect on MCC and ISC specification. Xpod loss‐of‐function revealed that mucus and 5‐HT release by SSCs was severely diminished, which impaired the ciliary beating of MCCs. In summary, Xpod specifically marked SSCs and was required for muco‐ciliary secretion in Xenopus laevis.
Mypt1 regulates Bmp signaling to promote embryonic exocrine pancreas growth in zebrafish
Authors: Dong Guoping , Huang Yueyue , Ding Huimei , Luo Lingfei , Zhang Yaoguang , Huang Honghui , Ruan Hua
Published: November 2019

Myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (Mypt1) is the regulatory subunit of myosin phosphatase which dephosphorylates the light chain of myosin II to inhibit its contraction. Although biochemical properties of Mypt1 have been characterized in detail, its biological functions in organisms are not well understood. The zebrafish mypt1
sq181 allele was found defective in the ventral pancreatic bud and extrapancreatic duct development, resulting in dysplasia of exocrine pancreas. In mypt1
sq181 mutant, the early growth of the ventral pancreatic bud was initiated but failed to expand due to impaired cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. As Mypt1 is essential for cell migration, the loss‐of‐function of Mypt1 in the mutant disrupted the lateral plate mesoderm migration during gut looping, therefore, altering the Bmp2a expression pattern within it, and eventually leading to impaired Bmp signaling in the adjacent exocrine pancreas. Overexpression of bmp2a could rescue the development of exocrine pancreas, suggesting that the impaired Bmp2a signaling is responsible for the pancreatic development defects. Bmp2a has been reported to promote the early specification of the ventral pancreatic bud, and our study reveals that it continues to serve as a cell proliferation/survival signal to ensure pancreatic bud growth properly in zebrafish.
Opioids for chronic non‐cancer neuropathic pain. An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of efficacy, tolerability and safety in randomized placebo‐controlled studies of at least 4 weeks duration
Authors: Sommer Claudia , Klose Petra , Welsch Patrick , Petzke Frank , Häuser Winfried
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective

This updated systematic review evaluated the efficacy, tolerability and safety of opioids compared to placebo in chronic non‐cancer neuropathic pain.

Databases and Data Treatment

Clinicaltrials.gov, CENTRAL, PubMed and PsycINFO were searched from October 2013 to June 2019. Randomized controlled trials comparing opioids with placebo and at least 4 weeks double‐blinded duration were analysed. Primary outcomes were pain relief of 50% or greater, disability, tolerability and safety. Effects were summarized by a random effects model using risk differences (RD) or standardized mean differences (SMD). We added four new studies with 662 participants for a total of 16 included studies with 2,199 participants. Study duration ranged between 4 and 12 weeks. Studies with a parallel and cross‐over design: Based on low to moderate quality evidence, opioids (buprenorphine, hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone, tramadol) provided a clinically relevant pain relief of 50% or greater and reduction of disability compared to placebo. There was no clinically relevant harm with regards to the drop out rate due to adverse and serious adverse events by opioids compared to placebo. Enriched enrolment randomized withdrawal design: Based on low to moderate quality evidence, tapentadol provided a clinically relevant pain relief of 50% or greater and reduction of disability compared to placebo in diabetic polyneuropathy. There was no clinically relevant harm with regards to the drop out rate due to adverse and serious adverse events by tapentadol compared to placebo.

Conclusions

Some opioids provided a short‐term substantial pain relief in highly selected patients in some neuropathic pain syndromes.

Significance

Some opioids (buprenorphine, morphine, oxycodone, tramadol, tapentadol) provide substantial pain relief compared to placebo in postherpetic neuralgia and peripheral neuropathies of different aetiologies for 4–12 weeks. There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the suggestion that these drugs are effective in other neuropathic pain conditions. The safety of opioids with regards to abuse and deaths in the studies analysed cannot be extrapolated to routine clinical care.
The effects of long‐term opioid treatment on the immune system in chronic non‐cancer pain patients: A systematic review
Authors: Diasso Pernille D. K. , Birke Hanne , Nielsen Susanne D. , Main Katharina M. , Højsted Jette , Sjøgren Per , Kurita Geana P.
Published: November 2019

Background and objective

Opioids have been increasingly prescribed for chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP). An association between long‐term opioid treatment (L‐TOT) of CNCP patients and suppression of both the innate and the adaptive immune system has been proposed. This systematic review aims at investigating the effects of L‐TOT on the immune system in CNCP patients.

Databases and data treatment

A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the CINAHL for relevant articles was performed. Studies examining measures of both the innate and the adaptive immune system in adult CNCP patients in L‐TOT (≥4 weeks of intake) were included. Outcomes and the level of evidence were analysed.

Results

A total of 382 studies were identified; however, 376 were excluded (352 inappropriate methodology, 21 duplicates, three full‐text could not be obtained) and one randomized controlled trial (RCT) and five cross‐sectional studies were included and analysed. L‐TOT compared with no treatment was associated with a lower percentage of natural killer (NK) cells, a lower absolute number of CD56bright NK cells, a higher absolute number of IL‐2‐activated NK cells and a higher concentration of IL‐1β as a response to toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists stimulation (Pam3CSK4, LPS, Imiquimod). No other significant differences were reported. Generalizability of the results was limited due to inconsistency of outcomes and an overall low quality of the studies.

Conclusions

L‐TOT may alter the immune system in CNCP patients, but the level of evidence is still weak. More studies are needed to clarify the impact of L‐TOT on immune system function.

Significance

This systematic review found indication that long‐term opioid treatment alters the immune system in chronic non‐cancer pain patients. These alterations involved the NK cells and IL‐1β production. However, the level of evidence is weak.