bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of photobiomodulation therapy (660‐nm laser) on median nerve function in Wistar rats
Authors: Ferreira Marcílio Coelho , Xavier Diego Mendes , Lamas Giovanna Moura Della Santa , Barbosa Samara Maria Neves , Ferreira Sheyla Gabrielle Alves , Gaiad Thaís Peixoto , Santos Ana Paula , Oliveira Murilo Xavier
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) with a 660‐nm laser on nerve regeneration and muscle morphometry following median nerve axonotmesis in rats. Sixteen Wistar rats were divided into a control group and laser‐treated group, with the latter receiving 10 applications of PBM (660 nm; 20 mW; 10 J/cm2; 0.4 J; and 20 s) over 2 weeks. Functional analysis was performed using the grasping test, which measures the grip strength of the forelimb digits to evaluate motor function of the median nerve. Morphometric analyses were conducted on the median nerve, flexor digitorum (FD) muscle, and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle. PBM led to functional improvement, with significant differences observed on the 21st day post‐injury. However, no significant differences between groups were found in nerve morphometry. Morphometric analysis of the FD muscle revealed significant improvements in the PBM group, but with no significant differences regarding the FCR muscle. These findings suggest that 660‐nm laser with the parameters used produced functional improvement as well as significant improvements in the morphometry of the FD muscle, but did not have significant effects on the morphometry of the FCR muscle or nerve regeneration.
Periodontal response to nonsurgical accelerated orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Oner Fatma , Kantarci Alpdogan
Published: January 2025

Tooth movement is a complex process involving the vascularization of the tissues, remodeling of the bone cells, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts under the hormonal and neuronal regulation mechanisms in response to mechanical force application. Therefore, it will inevitably impact periodontal tissues. Prolonged treatment can lead to adverse effects on teeth and periodontal tissues, prompting the development of various methods to reduce the length of orthodontic treatment. These methods are surgical or nonsurgical interventions applied simultaneously within the orthodontic treatment. The main target of nonsurgical approaches is modulating the response of the periodontal tissues to the orthodontic force. They stimulate osteoclasts and osteoclastic bone resorption in a controlled manner to facilitate tooth movement. Among various nonsurgical methods, the most promising clinical results have been achieved with photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy. Clinical data on electric/magnetic stimulation, pharmacologic administrations, and vibration forces indicate the need for further studies to improve their efficiency. This growing field will lead to a paradigm shift as we understand the biological response to these approaches and their adoption in clinical practice. This review will specifically focus on the impact of nonsurgical methods on periodontal tissues, providing a comprehensive understanding of this significant and understudied aspect of orthodontic care.
Between law and custom: praising the prince and representing subjecthood in early modern Venice☆
Authors: Florio Giovanni
Published: January 2025

Since the early fifteenth century, cities under Venetian rule used to pay homage to each newly elected doge by means of ambassadors tasked with delivering congratulatory orations praising him. Historical sources describe this ceremonial as a custom (consuetudine), namely a long‐established practice acquiring force of law through its constant and uninterrupted observance by a community of individuals viewing it as mandatory. By promoting a closer analysis of both Venetian and local legislation on congratulatory embassies, this article questions this reading. The aim is to highlight the role of written legislation in shaping the rhetorical choices made by subject orators and in (re)defining the performative function fulfilled by the periodical homage paid to the republican prince.
A novel semiparametric approach to nonignorable missing data by catching covariate marginal information
Authors: Cheng Manli , Liu Yukun , Qin Jing
Published: January 2025

Nonignorable missing data problems are challenging because of the parameter identifiability issue. Existing methods designed for handling nonignorable missing data often struggle to fully utilize covariate marginal information, leading to potential efficiency losses. We propose a novel approach that leverages both a logistic propensity score model and a semiparametric proportional likelihood ratio model (SPLRM) for the observed data. Our approach generally does not require instrumental variables or shadow variables, leading to improved identifiability in most scenarios. In the identifiable case, we use the density‐ratio‐model‐based empirical likelihood to catch the covariate distribution information and estimate the target parameter. The proposed estimator is shown to be asymptotically normal and semiparametric efficient. In the exception case, we conduct a sensitivity analysis by making full use of the marginal covariate information. Our numerical results indicate that compared with existing estimators, the proposed estimator is more reliable and more robust to model mis‐specification.
Integrating Social Determinants With the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in a Study of Bipolar Outpatients
Authors: Mulligan Daniel J. , Taylor Alexis , Lamis Dorian A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Bipolar disorder, socioeconomic deprivation, and social isolation are major risk factors for suicide. The interpersonal theory of suicide (IPTS) posits perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness as proximal causes of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, while the social determinants of health (SDOH) framework highlights distal socioeconomic factors. Studies of suicidality in bipolar disorder have used the IPTS and the SDOH framework, but few have integrated them to explore connections between distal and proximal factors.

Methods

This study examined perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness as mediators of the relationship between cumulative socioeconomic risk and suicide risk. Participants were 171 outpatients in a United States (U.S.) bipolar clinic (mean age = 39.0, 69.6% female, 73.7% Black/African American).

Results

Cumulative socioeconomic risk, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness were positively associated with suicide risk. Perceived burdensomeness mediated the relationship between cumulative socioeconomic risk and suicide risk, but thwarted belongingness did not.

Conclusion

Findings broadly suggest the IPTS and the SDOH framework can be fruitfully integrated to guide research and prevent suicide. The pathway from cumulative socioeconomic risk to suicide risk via perceived burdensomeness warrants further attention, particularly for individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Implications for future studies of the IPTS, SDOH, and suicidality are discussed.
Architecture & Feminist Critical Theory
Authors: Heynen Hilde
Published: January 2025

Hilde Heynen is a Belgian architectural theorist whose work bridges neo-Marxist critical theory and current feminist discourse, applying these perspectives to architectural culture. This volume collects her most significant texts from three decades of intellectual work, centred on three feature concepts: mimesis, dwelling, and displacement. It offers readers incisive reflections on architects’ roles in shaping societies and the alliance between ideology, societal structures of injustice, political economy, housing and the built environment.

Within a fierce post-critical debate among scholars who have begun to question the relevance of architectural theory to the discipline in the early twenty-first century, Heynen’s position remains constant throughout her writings in defence of architectural theory as a social and transformative practice. This collection is essential reading for new generations of architects and cultural theorists interested in modernity, gender and criticality.
On the generalization of accommodation to head-related transfer functions
Authors: Meyer Julie , Picinali Lorenzo
Published: January 2025

To date, there is strong evidence indicating that humans with normal hearing can adapt to non-individual head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). However, less attention has been given to studying the generalization of this adaptation to untrained conditions. This study investigated how adaptation to one set of HRTFs can generalize to another set of HRTFs. Participants were divided into two groups and trained to localize a speech stimulus reproduced binaurally using either individual or non-individual HRTFs. Training led to an improved localization performance with the trained HRTFs for both groups of participants. Results also showed that there was no difference in the localization performance improvement between the trained and untrained HRTFs for both groups, indicating a generalization of adaptation to HRTFs. The findings did not allow to precisely determine which type of learning (procedural or perceptual) primarily contributed to the generalization, thus highlighting the potential need to expose participants to longer training protocols.
Significance of birth in the maintenance of quiescent neural stem cells
Authors: Kawase Koya , Nakamura Yasuhisa , Wolbeck Laura , Takemura Shoko , Zaitsu Kei , Ando Takehiro , Jinnou Hideo , Sawada Masato , Nakajima Chikako , Rydbirk Rasmus , Gokenya Sakura , Ito Akira , Fujiyama Hitomi , Saito Akari , Iguchi Akira , Kratimenos Panagiotis , Ishibashi Nobuyuki , Gallo Vittorio , Iwata Osuke , Saitoh Shinji , Khodosevich Konstantin , Sawamoto Kazunobu
Published: January 2025

Birth is one of the most important life events for animals. However, its significance in the developmental process is not fully understood. Here, we found that birth-induced alteration of glutamine metabolism in radial glia (RG), the embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs), is required for the acquisition of quiescence and long-term maintenance of postnatal NSCs. Preterm birth impairs this cellular process, leading to transient hyperactivation of RG. Consequently, in the postnatal brain, the NSC pool is depleted and neurogenesis is decreased. We also found that the maintenance of quiescent RG after preterm birth improves postnatal neurogenesis. This study demonstrates the significance of birth in the maintenance of quiescent NSCs.
Functional classification of tauopathy strains reveals the role of protofilament core residues
Authors: Vaquer-Alicea Jaime , Manon Victor A. , Bommareddy Vaibhav , Kunach Peter , Gupta Ankit , Monistrol Jim , Perez Valerie A. , Tran Hung Tri , Saez-Calveras Nil , Du Siling , Batra Sushobhna , Stoddard Daniel , White Charles L. , Joachimiak Lukasz A. , Shahmoradian Sarah H. , Diamond Marc I.
Published: January 2025

Distinct tau amyloid assemblies underlie diverse tauopathies but defy rapid classification. Cell and animal experiments indicate tau functions as a prion, as different strains propagated in cells cause unique, transmissible neuropathology after inoculation. Strain amplification requires compatibility of the monomer and amyloid template. We used cryo–electron microscopy to study one cell-based yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)–tagged strain, resolving its amyloid nature. We then used sequential alanine (Ala) substitution (scan) within tau repeat domain (RD) to measure incorporation to preexisting tau RD-YFP aggregates. This robustly discriminated strains, defining sequences critical for monomer incorporation. We then created 3R/4R or 4R wild-type RD (amino acids 246 to 408) biosensors. Ala scan of recombinant tau seeds with the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) fold matched that of AD homogenate. We scanned 22 brain lysates comprising four tauopathies. This clustered cases by neuropathological syndrome, revealed the role of amino acids in protofilament folds, and allowed strain discrimination based on amino acid requirements for prion replication.
Noncanonical role of Golgi-associated macrophage TAZ in chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis
Authors: Park So Yeon , Ju Sungeun , Lee Jaehoon , Kim Hwa-Ryeon , Sub Yujin , Park Dong Jin , Park Seyeon , Kwon Doru , Kang Hyeok Gu , Shin Ji Eun , Kim Dong Hyeon , Paik Ji Eun , Cho Seok Chan , Shim Hyeran , Kim Young-Joon , Guan Kun-Liang , Chun Kyung-Hee , Choi Junjeong , Ha Sang-Jun , Gee Heon Yung , Roe Jae-Seok , Lee Han-Woong , Park Seung-Yeol , Park Hyun Woo
Published: January 2025

Until now, Hippo pathway–mediated nucleocytoplasmic translocation has been considered the primary mechanism by which yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) transcriptional coactivators regulate cell proliferation and differentiation via transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD)-mediated target gene expression. In this study, however, we found that TAZ, but not YAP, is associated with the Golgi apparatus in macrophages activated via Toll-like receptor ligands during the resolution phase of inflammation. Golgi-associated TAZ enhanced vesicle trafficking and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in M1 macrophage independent of the Hippo pathway. Depletion of TAZ in tumor-associated macrophages promoted tumor growth by suppressing the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Moreover, in a diet-induced metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis model, macrophage-specific deletion of TAZ ameliorated liver inflammation and hepatic fibrosis. Thus, targeted therapies being developed against YAP/TAZ-TEAD are ineffective in macrophages. Together, our results introduce Golgi-associated TAZ as a potential molecular target for therapeutic intervention to treat tumor progression and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation regulates monocytic type I interferon signaling via histone acetylation
Authors: Wu Jing , Singh Komudi , Shing Vivian , Gupta Anand , Arenberg Brett C. , Huffstutler Rebecca D. , Lee Duck-Yeon , Sack Michael N.
Published: January 2025

Although lipid-derived acetyl–coenzyme A (CoA) is a major carbon source for histone acetylation, the contribution of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) to this process remains poorly characterized. To investigate this, we generated mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1, distal FAO enzyme) knockout macrophages.
13
C-carbon tracing confirmed reduced FA-derived carbon incorporation into histone H3, and RNA sequencing identified diminished interferon-stimulated gene expression in the absence of ACAT1. Chromatin accessibility at the
Stat1
locus was diminished in ACAT1
−/−
cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated reduced acetyl-H3 binding to
Stat1
promoter/enhancer regions, and increasing histone acetylation rescued
Stat1
expression. Interferon-β release was blunted in ACAT1
−/−
and recovered by ACAT1 reconstitution. Furthermore, ACAT1-dependent histone acetylation required an intact acetylcarnitine shuttle. Last, obese subjects’ monocytes exhibited increased ACAT1 and histone acetylation levels. Thus, our study identifies an intriguing link between FAO-mediated epigenetic control of type I interferon signaling and uncovers a potential mechanistic nexus between obesity and type I interferon signaling.
Deployable electronics with enhanced fatigue resistance for crumpling and tension
Authors: Hong Insic , Roh Yeonwook , Cho Junggwang , Lee Seunggon , Kang Minji , Choi Damin , Gong Dohyeon , An Hyeongi , Lim Daseul , Shin Dongwook , Park Jieun , Kim Changhwan , Kim Taewi , Kim Minho , Im Sunghoon , Lee Jingoo , Lee Gunhee , Kim Uikyum , Ko Seung Hwan , Koh Je-Sung , Kang Daeshik , Han Seungyong
Published: January 2025

Highly packable and deployable electronics offer a variety of advantages in electronics and robotics by facilitating spatial efficiency. These electronics must endure extreme folding during packaging and tension to maintain a rigid structure in the deployment state. Here, we present foldable and robustly deployable electronics inspired by Plantago, characterized by their tolerance to folding and tension due to integration of tough veins within thin leaf. The primary design approach for these electronics involves a high resistance to folding and tension, achieved through a thin multilayered electronic composite, which manages the neutral axis and incorporates tough Kevlar. The fabricated electronics can be folded up to 750,000 times without malfunctions and endure pulling an object 6667 times heavier than itself without stretching. Such robust electronics can be used as a deployable robot with sensor arrays, demonstrating practical applicability, as it maintains their mechanical and electrical properties during inflation from the packaged state.
Microenvironment actuated CAR T cells improve solid tumor efficacy without toxicity
Authors: Vogt Kristen C. , Silberman Pedro C. , Lin Qianqian , Han James E. , Laflin Amy , Gellineau Hendryck A. , Heller Daniel A. , Scheinberg David A.
Published: January 2025

A major limiting factor in the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumors is targeting tumor antigens also found on normal tissues. CAR T cells against GD2 induced rapid, fatal neurotoxicity because of CAR recognition of GD2
+
normal mouse brain tissue. To improve the selectivity of the CAR T cell, we engineered a synthetic Notch receptor that selectively expresses the CAR upon binding to P-selectin, a cell adhesion protein overexpressed in tumor neovasculature. These tumor microenvironment actuated T (MEAT) cells ameliorated T cell infiltration in the brain, preventing fatal neurotoxicity while maintaining antitumor efficacy. We found that conditional CAR expression improved the persistence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes because of enhanced metabolic fitness of MEAT cells and the infusion of a less differentiated product. This approach increases the repertoire of targetable solid tumor antigens by restricting CAR expression and subsequent killing to cancer cells only and provides a proof-of-concept model for other targets.
Would a robot ever get angry enough to attack a person?
Authors: Murphy Robin R.
Published: January 2025

“Sunny,” the new Apple TV series, explores what happens if robot assistants develop emotions.
Perinatal dysfunction of innate immunity in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Jaudas Florian , Bartenschlager Florian , Shashikadze Bachuki , Santamaria Gianluca , Reichart Daniel , Schnell Alexander , Stöckl Jan Bernd , Degroote Roxane L. , Cambra Josep M. , Graeber Simon Y. , Bähr Andrea , Kartmann Heike , Stefanska Monika , Liu Huan , Naumann-Bartsch Nora , Bruns Heiko , Berges Johannes , Hanselmann Lea , Stirm Michael , Krebs Stefan , Deeg Cornelia A. , Blum Helmut , Schulz Christian , Zawada Dorota , Janda Melanie , Caballero-Posadas Ignacio , Kunzelmann Karl , Moretti Alessandra , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Kupatt Christian , Saalmüller Armin , Fröhlich Thomas , Wolf Eckhard , Mall Marcus A. , Mundhenk Lars , Gerner Wilhelm , Klymiuk Nikolai
Published: January 2025

In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), repeated cycles of infection and inflammation eventually lead to fatal lung damage. Although diminished mucus clearance can be restored by highly effective CFTR modulator therapy, inflammation and infection often persist. To elucidate the role of the innate immune system in CF etiology, we investigated a CF pig model and compared these results with those for preschool children with CF. In newborn CF pigs, we observed changes in lung immune cell composition before the onset of infection that were dominated by increased monocyte infiltration, whereas neutrophil numbers remained constant. Flow cytometric and transcriptomic profiling revealed that the infiltrating myeloid cells displayed a more immature status. Cells with comparably immature transcriptomic profiles were enriched in the blood of CF pigs at birth as well as in preschool children with CF. This pattern coincided with decreased CD16 expression in the myeloid cells of both pigs and humans, which translated into lower phagocytic activity and reduced production of reactive oxygen species in both species. These results were indicative of a congenital, translationally conserved, and functionally relevant aberration of the immune system in CF. In newborn wild-type pigs,
CFTR
transcription in immune cells, including lung-derived and circulating monocytes, isolated from the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and blood was below the detection limits of highly sensitive assays, suggesting an indirect etiology of the observed effects. Our findings highlight the need for additional immunological treatments to target innate immune deficits in patients with CF.
Amyloid-associated hyperconnectivity drives tau spread across connected brain regions in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Roemer-Cassiano Sebastian N. , Wagner Fabian , Evangelista Lisa , Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Dehsarvi Amir , Steward Anna , Dewenter Anna , Biel Davina , Zhu Zeyu , Pescoller Julia , Gross Mattes , Perneczky Robert , Malpetti Maura , Ewers Michael , Schöll Michael , Dichgans Martin , Höglinger Günter U. , Brendel Matthias , Jäkel Sarah , Franzmeier Nicolai
Published: January 2025

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyloid-β (Aβ) triggers the aggregation and spreading of tau pathology, which drives neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. However, the pathophysiological link between Aβ and tau remains unclear, which hinders therapeutic efforts to attenuate Aβ-related tau accumulation. Aβ has been found to trigger neuronal hyperactivity and hyperconnectivity, and preclinical research has shown that tau spreads across connected neurons in an activity-dependent manner. Here, we hypothesized that neuronal hyperactivity and hypersynchronicity, resulting in functional connectivity increases, constitute a crucial mechanism by which Aβ facilitates the spreading of tau pathology. By combining Aβ positron emission tomography (PET), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and longitudinal tau-PET in 69 cognitively normal amyloid-negative controls and 140 amyloid-positive patients covering the AD spectrum, we confirmed that Aβ induces hyperconnectivity of temporal lobe tau epicenters to posterior brain regions that are vulnerable to tau accumulation in AD. This was replicated in an independent sample of 55 controls and 345 individuals with preclinical AD and low cortical tau-PET uptake, suggesting that the emergence of Aβ-related hyperconnectivity precedes neocortical tau spreading . Last, using longitudinal tau-PET and mediation analysis, we confirmed that these Aβ-related connectivity increases in tau epicenters to typical tau-vulnerable brain regions in AD mediated the effect of Aβ on faster tau accumulation, unveiling increased connectivity as a potential causal link between the two AD hallmark pathologies. Together, these findings suggest that Aβ promotes tau spreading by eliciting neuronal hyperconnectivity and that targeting Aβ-related neuronal hyperconnectivity may attenuate tau spreading in AD.
Hypoxia as a medicine
Authors: Rogers Robert S. , Mootha Vamsi K.
Published: January 2025

Oxygen is essential for human life, yet a growing body of preclinical research is demonstrating that chronic continuous hypoxia can be beneficial in models of mitochondrial disease, autoimmunity, ischemia, and aging. This research is revealing exciting new and unexpected facets of oxygen biology, but translating these findings to patients poses major challenges, because hypoxia can be dangerous. Overcoming these barriers will require integrating insights from basic science, high-altitude physiology, clinical medicine, and sports technology. Here, we explore the foundations of this nascent field and outline a path to determine how chronic continuous hypoxia can be safely, effectively, and practically delivered to patients.
Broad-spectrum applications of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) across diverse crops and intricate planting systems
Authors: Zhang Shixiang , Li Fengmin , Chang Luyin , Zhang Qiyu , Zhang Zhenyu , Wu Tianci , Wu Yanlin , Wang Zhi , Su Yulong , Yang Xingyou , Gao Weichang , Li Mengsha , Wu Yue , Jiang Ying
Published: January 2025

Multifunctional plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have garnered significant attention in agricultural applications; however, a few have applied them in crop rotation or intercropping fields. To identify PGPR with strong colonization ability and broad spectrum benefit, we screened strains from the local tobacco rhizosphere and evaluated their growth-promoting effects across various crops and farming systems. In this study, strain L8, identified as
Bacillus thuringiensis
, was selected as a multifunctional PGPR capable of producing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilizing potassium, and mobilizing both organic and inorganic phosphorus. Compared with the control group, the soil treated with strain L8 in tobacco pot experiments showed significantly higher levels of IAA, available potassium, and available phosphorus. Furthermore, tobacco plants inoculated with L8 exhibited significantly improved growth parameters compared with the uninoculated control. The results indicated that compared with the control, strain L8 increased tobacco fresh weight (by 83.18%), plant height (by 29.32%), relative chlorophyll content (by 14.33%), as well as plant phosphorus (by 23.78%) and potassium (by 30.81%). Interestingly, L8 not only enhanced tobacco growth but also improved tobacco root morphology, significantly increasing root length (1.55-fold), root surface area (1.78-fold), and root volume (2.05-fold) compared with the control. These findings provide valuable insights into utilizing plant growth-promoting bacteria for tobacco production. Moreover, the inoculation strain L8 enriched soil organic matter and nutrient content in both wheat (
Triticum aestivum
)-maize (
Zea mays
) rotation and peanut (
Arachis hypogaea
)-maize intercropping systems. Furthermore, within the intricate tillage systems of wheat-corn rotation and peanut-corn intercropping, multifunctional PGPR strain L8 can play a crucial role in crop growth promotion, yield increase, and higher soil nutrient availability.

IMPORTANCE

These findings aim to study the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in diverse crops and complex planting systems, showing their adaptability and effectiveness in various agricultural contexts. The study suggests that this strain improves nutrient utilization in the soil, enhances soil health, and plays a significant role in plant growth through the secretion of substances like auxin (IAA). In parallel, we observed that applying this strain improved the production efficiency of wheat, corn, and peanuts within complex farming systems, indicating that this method holds the potential for enhancing both the yield and quality of various crops.
Coblation as an effective tool for treating subglottic cysts and hemangiomas in pediatric patients
Authors: Khatiashvili Ana , Venturino Luciano , Reichert Lara
Published: January 2025

Subglottic cysts and hemangiomas are rare but potentially life-threatening conditions in pediatric patients. Subglottic cysts are generally associated with premature infants with a history of prolonged endotracheal intubation, while subglottic hemangiomas are congenital vascular lesions that grow rapidly and are uncommon head and neck tumours in pediatric patients. Both conditions can present with generalised respiratory symptoms such as stridor. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in avoiding airway compromise. Medical records of three pediatric patients were reviewed. All cases involved the use of coblation as treatment for subglottic cysts or hemangiomas. All three cases responded well to coblation. Subsequent endoscopies have shown excellent healing with no additional cyst or hemangioma formation with minimal stenosis. The study’s results suggest coblation is a safe and effective alternative to cautery and CO2laser for treating pediatric subglottic cysts and hemangiomas.
Management of bleb-like retinal detachment in aggressive retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Padmakumar Vishakh , K M Harshitha , Jalali Subhadra , Panchal Bhavik
Published: January 2025

Bleb-like retinal detachment (BLRD) in posterior zone 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) presents a significant therapeutic challenge and is associated with a guarded visual prognosis. We present a case of a female infant born preterm with a birth weight of 1100 g. Examination revealed bilateral stage 4 aggressive ROP in posterior zone 1 with BLRD. Given the extent of retinal detachment, a combination of bilateral intravitreal bevacizumab injection, followed by lens-sparing vitrectomy surgery was performed. The baby tolerated the procedures well. The initial postoperative course was uneventful, and the child showed good anatomical and visual success. Through this case, we aim to discuss the risk factors associated with BLRD in ROP, the specific treatment challenges encountered and the potential treatment outcomes.
Fast micrographia and frontal lobe dysfunction post-traumatic brain injury: insights into pacing impairment and rehabilitation strategy
Authors: Fukui Juri , Yamaga Takayoshi , Anmoto Naoya , Inagaki Aki
Published: January 2025

Micrographia, characterised by small handwriting, is often linked to Parkinson’s disease, but also resulted to injured brain lesions. The left-handed women in her 20s developed ‘fast micrographia’ after a traumatic brain injury from a traffic accident, showing bilateral subdural haematomas and frontal lobe contusions, but she had no paralysis and extrapyramidal symptoms. Neuropsychological tests showed reduced processing speed and memory deficits, aligning with frontal lobe damage. A 3-month handwriting training programme improved performance with cues, but issues persisted without them. This case highlights the complexity of fast micrographia and the need for targeted rehabilitation strategies and further research.
Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma metastasising to the kidney
Authors: Kelsey Ellen , Broad Adam , Magree Cleve , Grills Richard
Published: January 2025

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare head and neck cancer; even more infrequently, it presents as a primary lesion at other sites. Due to ACC’s usual pattern of perineural and perivascular spread, it often manifests in delayed local recurrence and distant metastases. Metastasis to the kidney is very rare with as few as 15 cases reported in the literature. This report presents the case of a woman in her 60s with a history of a cutaneous ACC and a singular lesion in her left kidney that was treated with radical nephrectomy. Histopathology showed complete resection of metastatic ACC. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the only documented case of primary cutaneous ACC metastasising to the kidney.
Familial analysis: pulmonary Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome in two siblings
Authors: Cui Xiaoxian , Yu Haiqiong , Liu Hui , Zhang Jianquan
Published: January 2025

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder. This case report aims to increase awareness of pulmonary cystic lesions and BHDS in China by providing insights into the clinical features of this syndrome. We present two cases of BHDS from the same family. We describe their clinical presentations, imaging findings, genetic mutations and the disease within their family tree. Two confirmed BHDS patients, initially presented with recurrent pneumothorax. No concurrent skin cystic changes but multiple lung cysts andFLCNgene mutation were found. Additionally, they have a family history of pneumothorax. Colorectal lesions are also noticed in their family. Remarkably, the younger sister also carried a mutation in theMSH6gene. For patients with lung cysts or pneumothorax on chest CT, it is advisable to trace the family history and remain vigilant for colorectal lesions.
Mechanism of TGIF1 on glycolipid metabolism disorders in mice with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bai Fuyan , Zheng Liping , Tao Li , Wang Shikai , Li Yuchen , Hou Lijun
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from the inefficiency of insulin. This study aims to explore the mechanism of TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1 (TGIF1) in the glycolipid metabolism of mice with T2D.

Research design and methods

Mice with T2D were induced by high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection. After TGIF1 was overexpressed in mice with T2D, the weight was monitored. The levels of fasting plasma glucose, fasting serum insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured. Staining assays were performed to observe liver tissue pathology and lipid accumulation. Liver function and oxidative stress were measured. Palmitic acid (PA)-induced primary hepatocytes were used to establish cell models. After TGIF1 was overexpressed in the cells, cell viability, cellular glucose uptake and consumption, and intracellular glycogen content were detected. The expression of TGIF1, miR-106b-5p, and early growth response 2 (EGR2) was detected and their binding relationships were analyzed. Combined experiments were conducted to validate the mechanism.

Results

TGIF1 was downregulated in mice with T2D. TGIF1 overexpression reduced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, improved insulin resistance, increased liver glycogen content, and attenuated lipid accumulation and glycolipid metabolism disorders in mice with T2D. TGIF1 was enriched on the miR-106b-5p promoter and promoted miR-106b-5p expression. miR-106b-5p inhibited EGR2 expression. miR-106b-5p inhibition or EGR2 overexpression partially reversed the alleviative effect of TGIF1 overexpression on glycolipid metabolism disorders.

Conclusion

TGIF1 reduces glycolipid metabolism disorders in mice with T2D through the miR-106b-5p/EGR2 axis.
Association between use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor and the risk of incident dementia: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Abdullah Zarin , Cui Ying , Platt Robert W , Renoux Christel , Azoulay Laurent , Xia Chenjie , Yu Oriana Hoi Yun
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To assess the association between sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) use and the risk of incident dementia compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) use among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Design

A population-based retrospective cohort study.

Setting

The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database from the UK.

Participants

Individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged 40 years or older, newly prescribed SGLT-2i or DPP-4i on or after 2013–2021, registered in the CPRD Aurum database.

Main outcome measure

The primary outcome was incident dementia, and the secondary outcome was incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the HR and corresponding 95% CI for the primary and secondary outcomes. Propensity score fine stratification weights were used to adjust for confounding.

Results

Among a cohort of 118 006 individuals, the incident rate (IR) of dementia was 0.56/1000 person-years over a median follow-up period of 1.54 years among SGLT-2i users compared with 2.67/1000 person-years in DPP-4i users, over a median follow-up period of 1.79 years. The adjusted HR for SGLT-2i use compared with DPP-4i use for dementia was 0.78 (95% CI 0.55 to 1.12), while for MCI was 0.86 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.92). The age-specific stratified analysis demonstrated the adjusted HR for SGLT-2i use compared with DPP-4i use for the risk of incident dementia among elderly, aged ≥65 years, was 0.50 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.80).

Conclusion

Primary findings did not yield conclusive evidence to infer an association between SGLT-2i use and the risk of incident dementia.
Non-pharmacological interventions for primary hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Chen Ziwen , Xu Tao , Shu Yun-Jie , Zhou Xueli , Li Qifu , Guo Taipin , Liang Fan-Rong
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Primary hypertension (PH) affects over one billion individuals globally, yet less than 30% achieve controlled blood pressure (BP) with medication. Many patients require a combination of multiple medications to reach targets, but adverse effects and financial burdens undermine adherence. Additionally, prehypertension affects 25%–50% of adults, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications. Early detection and management of prehypertension are crucial for delaying the need for pharmacological interventions. In recent years, clinical guidelines have increasingly emphasised non-pharmacological interventions for PH management. However, the diversity of non-pharmacological therapies and the inconsistencies in efficacy challenge clinical decision-making. This study aims to use network meta-analysis (NMA) to synthesise existing evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for PH, offering updated clinical insights and evidence-based support to optimise treatment strategies. It will also provide recommendations for integrating these interventions into community-based chronic disease management.

Methods and analysis

To identify potentially relevant randomised controlled trials, a reverse search strategy will be employed to ascertain all non-pharmacological interventions for PH. A well-constructed search strategy will be applied across nine academic databases (Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, AMED, CNKI, WF and VIP database) and three clinical trial registries (WHO ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov and ChiCTR) for studies conducted between 1 January 2014 and 1 August 2024. Two investigators will independently extract information from eligible articles and document reasons for exclusions. The primary outcomes will encompass changes in systolic and diastolic BP. Pairwise and Bayesian NMA will be conducted using ‘meta’ and ‘GeMTC’ package (R 4.4.1). Risk of bias will be assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool, and the quality of evidence will be evaluated according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Ethics and dissemination

As this review involves secondary analysis of previously published data, ethical approval is not required. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023451073.
Maternal healthcare service utilisation and associated factors among mothers in a rural Wolaita, southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kumma Wondimagegn Paulos , Kuche Abera
Published: January 2025

Objective

To assess the level of maternal healthcare service utilisation and related factors to its frequency of care among mothers who gave birth in the previous 2 years before the survey in rural Wolaita, southern Ethiopia.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting

This study was undertaken in Kindo Didaye, rural Wolaita, southern Ethiopia, from February to March 2016.

Participants

Out of 552 who gave birth, 544 (98.5%) mothers aged between 15 and 49 years, selected using two-stage random sampling, participated in the study.

Outcome measures

Maternal healthcare service utilisation frequency and proportion and associated factors.

Result

The proportion of maternal healthcare service utilisation was 59.38% (95% CI: 55.11% to 63.53%), with 50.74% (95% CI: 46.45% to 55.01%), 16.18% (95% CI: 13.18% to 19.54%) and 31.80% (95% CI: 27.90% to 35.90%) prevalence of antenatal care (ANC), delivery care and postnatal care (PNC), respectively. The frequency of maternal healthcare service utilisation was positively related to having a favourable attitude towards maternal healthcare service utilisation, knowledge of mothers about maternal healthcare, walking distance to healthcare facilities in 30 and 30–60 min from residence and joint decision by mothers and their husbands on the place of delivery.

Conclusion

The proportion of maternal healthcare service utilisation in the study area was low, exacerbated by lower ANC, delivery care and PNC. The frequency of maternal healthcare service utilisation increased with a favourable attitude towards maternal healthcare service utilisation, knowledge of mothers about maternal healthcare, short travel distance to healthcare facilities and joint decisions by mothers and their husbands on the place of delivery. Based on the findings of this study, we suggest promoting strategies by the local health department and other concerned bodies to maintain and improve the attitude and knowledge of mothers towards maternal healthcare service utilisation. We also recommend increasing the accessibility to healthcare facilities and promoting joint decision-making processes by the mothers and their husbands on the place of delivery in the study area and similar settings in the country.
Multicomponent rehabilitation to improve independence and functioning in elderly patients with common age-associated diseases: a scoping review
Authors: Baritello Omar , Taxis Theo , Stein Hanna , Luizink-Dogan Machteld , Völler Heinz , Salzwedel Annett
Published: January 2025

Objective

Multicomponent rehabilitation (MR) could restore functioning in elderly patients after hospitalisation, even beyond geriatrics, but specific evidence seems lacking. This review mapped the evidence on MR in elderly patients following hospitalisation for age-related conditions regarding functioning-related outcomes.

Design

Scoping review.

Data sources

PubMed, Cochrane Library, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov (searched through 24 June 2024).

Eligibility criteria

We included randomised controlled trials (RCT) and controlled cohort studies (CCS) comparing centre-based MR with usual care (medical care excluding exercise training) in patients ≥75 years, hospitalised for age-related cardiac, neurological, oncological and orthopaedic diseases. MR was defined as exercise training and at least one additional component (eg, nutritional counselling), starting within 3 months after hospital discharge. RCTs and CCS were included from inception, without language restriction. Care dependency, physical function, health-related quality of life (HRQL) and activities of daily living (ADL) after ≥6 months follow-up were the outcomes of interest.

Data extraction and synthesis

Four reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts for inclusion and extracted data. MR components and the typology of outcome assessments used were mapped at the final data synthesis level.

Results

Out of 20 409 records, nine studies were investigated in the final data synthesis. Throughout these studies, disease education was the most frequent MR component besides exercise training, while physical function, HRQL and ADL were commonly assessed outcomes. One RCT (cardiac rehabilitation, 80±0.3 years, MR/usual care n=24/23) fully met the inclusion criteria and reported improvements in physical function (2 months) and in HRQL (2, 8, 14 months post intervention) in MR patients.

Conclusions

Evidence on MR regarding functioning-related outcomes in ≥75-year-old patients is sparse beyond geriatrics. There is an essential need for studies investigating the capabilities of MR in this growing and under-represented patient population.

Trial registration number

OSF (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GFK5C).
Migrant Health Country Profile tool (MHCP-t) for transforming health data collection and surveillance in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region: tool development protocol with embedded process evaluation
Authors: Evangelidou Stella , Seedat Farah , Deal Anna , Ouahchi Anissa , Maatoug Taha , Elafef Eman , Edries Hassan , Bouaddi Oumnia , Abdellatifi Moudrick , Arias Sara , Khelifi Abdedayem , Chrifi Hassan , Douagi Mohamed , Abdelkhalek Adel , Mtiraoui Ali , Mansour Wejdene , Khalis Mohamed , Hilali Mahmoud , Bani Ibrahim Ahmed , Hassouni Kenza , Assarag Bouchra , Wickramage Kolitha , Zenner Dominik , Hargreaves Sally , Requena-Mendez Ana
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is characterised by major health disparities and complex migration flows. Yet, because of a lack of epidemiological data, there is an urgent need to strengthen routine data collection around migrant health and to define key indicators towards migrant health monitoring. To address this problem, we aim to design and pilot test the Migrant Health Country Profile tool (MHCP-t) which can collate country-level data collection around migration health data, policies and healthcare provision.

Methods and analysis

The MHCP-t development is a stepwise process that will integrate a process evaluation model with active involvement and engagement of multilevel stakeholders. First, towards the generation of indicators, qualitative field activities will be conducted in different regions in Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt with migrants (n=50 per region), migrant community leaders (n=20 per region) and professionals working with them (n=20 per region). Deductive–inductive thematic analysis will be applied to the data collected. Results from the national qualitative studies and a series of systematic reviews in the MENA region will conclude with a first draft of tool indicators which will be reviewed by national and international experts using the Nominal Group Technique. The revised indicators will be entered into an electronic data capture system and the tool will be pilot-tested by applying a mixed-methods process evaluation to examine its relevance, comprehensiveness, comprehensibility and other practical issues, such as completion time and ease of responding. Mechanisms of change will be assessed on how the participative interactions towards the tool development can trigger change at national and regional levels.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol has been approved by the institutional review boards at the Hospital Clinic in Barcelona, Spain, the University of Sousse in Sousse, Tunisia, the University Hospital of Tanger, Morocco and Badr University of Cairo in Egypt. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and communications to national and regional congresses.