bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dislocation and Snaring of an Aortic Bifurcation Stent During Transfemoral Aortic Valve Replacement—a Case Report
Authors: Meledeth Christy , Lambert Thomas
Published: November 2024

Transfemoral aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an effective way to treat severe aortic valve stenosis, especially in patients who are high‐risk for surgery. Dislocation of an endoluminal aortic bifurcation stent graft during TAVR is an extremely rare complication. We present a case on how management of this complication was successfully done.

An 86‐year‐old man presented at the ER after syncope. He was admitted to the cardiology department for further examinations. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed severe aortic stenosis. Other comorbidities included endovascular stent graft repair due to an infrarenal abdominal penetrating aortic ulcer. During the following TAVR procedure dislocation of the endoluminal stent graft was observed. Using a snare loop this foreign material was fixated in the right common iliac artery. The patient was hemodynamically stable and endoluminal aortic valve replacement could successfully commence. After implantation of aortic valve bioprothesis, the foreign material was retrieved from the right femoral artery. The patient remained asymptomatic and stable postprocedural.

Dislocation of an endoluminal stent graft during TAVR remains a rare complication. This complication can arise due to several factors, including patient‐specific anatomical challenges and procedural complexities. Decisions are based on the individual patient but are also made in consensus with the interventional cardiologist' team.
Prostatic duct adenocarcinoma—A challenging variant of prostate cancer in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Okidi Ronald , Hajarah Nakazibwe , Mukurasi Derrick , Obonyo Emmanuel , Makai Emmanuel , Lajul Daniel , Odongkara Moses , Bamutorana Tracy , Omagino BridgetRose Aguti , Okello Isaac
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case emphasizes the challenges in diagnosing and treating Prostatic Duct Adenocarcinoma, especially in resource‐limited settings. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for better patient outcomes, but limited access to advanced diagnostics and specialized treatments significantly hinders the effective management of this aggressive form of prostate cancer.
C─C Coupling of Methylene Ketones with Alcohols Enabled by Fe‐Catalysis: Access to Substituted Pyrroles and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Bera Atanu , Purushotam  , Kabadwal Lalit Mohan , Banerjee Debasis
Published: November 2024

Herein, we have reported a sustainable and chemo‐selective strategy for the synthesis of functionalized branched alcohols. A commercially available catalytic system does not need any special ligand and liberated water and hydrogen as side products. A series of alkyl primary alcohols (C4–C10), including methanol, were tolerated in good to high yield. Sequential transformations to substituted pyrroles, chromenes and synthesis of donepezil drug were obtained (>57 entries). Preliminary mechanistic investigations were performed to understand the catalytic pathways.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Copper(II) Metal Organic Framework‐Ternary Quantum Dots Composite towards the Detection of Bisphenol A
Authors: Oloyede Solomon O. , Ajibade Peter A.
Published: November 2024

Ternary quantum dot metal organic framework (MOFs) composite sensor formulated as (ZnInSe2@[Cu(2‐HNA)2(H2O)]) with an enhanced electrochemical performance was synthesized from a copper(II) metal‐organic framework complex ([Cu(2‐HNA)2(H2O)]) and ZnInSe2 ternary quantum dot (TQDs). The compounds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Ultraviolet‐Visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, single crystal X‐ray crystallography, and photoluminescence. Molecular structure of the copper(II) complex revealed a distorted square pyramidal geometry with two molecules of 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldedyde at the basal planes as bidentate chelating ligands with a coordinated water molecule at the apical position. TEM micrographs revealed monodispersed composite with an average particle size of 3.2 nm. The composite and its precursors were used as ectrochemical sensor for the detection of bisphenol A, using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The composite modified on a gold electrode exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance in comparison to those of the MOFs and TQDs. The reaction process at the surface of the modified electrode with the composite is diffusion controlled with a limit of detection, and limit of quantitation of 4.70 nM and 14.26 nM over a concentration range of 10–50 nM (S/N=3). The gold modified composite electrode is stable and could serve as a model for the development of electrochemical sensor to determine BPA.
Tuning Tetramethoxy‐acridiniums for Fluorophores and Organic Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Nowack Marko H. , Johansen Magnus B. , Sams Søren , Hillers‐Bendtsen Andreas E. , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Laursen Bo W.
Published: November 2024

Tetramethoxy substituted alkyl‐acridiniums (TMAcr+) are readily available by facile nucleophilic aromatic substitution on tris(2,6‐dimethoxyphenyl)carbenium, but are non‐fluorescent, presumably due to intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer quenching. In this work we introduce electron withdrawing groups by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, leading to fluorescence turn‐on. The acridiniums are moderately fluorescent (φf=20 %) with long fluorescene lifetimes (τf=9 ns). The positive excited state reduction potentials (E*red=+1.6 V) make the TMAcr+ excellent electron acceptors in the excited state, and efficient reductive photoredox catalysts able to oxidize a broad range of substrates.
Potassium Phosphate‐Mediated Synthesis of C4‐Phosphorylated Quinolines via Cascade Cycloisomerization of Ynones
Authors: Qiu Yi‐Feng , Li Jin‐Hao , Wang Qiang , Li Ming , Quan Zheng‐Jun , Wang Xi‐Cun , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: November 2024

A cascade phosphorylation cycloisomerization of readily accessible ynones and diphenylphosphine oxides facilitated by potassium phosphate is described, allowing for the straightforward synthesis of C4‐phosphorylated quinoline scaffolds. The formation of a C−P bond and a C−N bond is achieved in a single procedure without the need for pre‐assembled quinoline cores prior to phosphorylation. This transformation operates without the requirement for metals or oxidants and exhibits excellent compatibility with various functional groups. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity evaluation demonstrated that the synthesized C4‐phosphorylated quinoline derivatives exhibited potent inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
Role of Active Centers in Predicting the Catalyst Turnover: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Bhattacharyya Himangshu Pratim , Sarma Manabendra
Published: November 2024

Water oxidation catalysis has garnered significant attention due to its potential for sustainable energy conversion. Among molecular catalysts, [Fe(OTf)2(
Pytacn)] complexes have exhibited notable turning‐over rates. Although various [M(OTf)2(
Pytacn)] complexes (M=Mn, Co, Ni) have been synthesized, however, the role of active centres has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we apply our newly developed catalytic models, efficiency conceptualization model (ECM) and the maximum kinetic efficiency MaxKinEff framework to assess the role of the active centres in its catalytic performance. Our computational analysis identifies cobalt‐based [Co(OTf)2(
Pytacn)] as a superior alternative for water oxidation reactions. Notably, cobalt catalysts exhibit a longer lifespan (∼44 days) and higher turnover numbers (TON), with computed values of
(ECM)=3.30 h−1,
(ECM)=3456,
(MaxKinEff)=12.43 h−1, and
(MaxKinEff)=3616. These findings suggest that cobalt could play a pivotal role in improving the efficiency of molecular catalysts for water oxidation.
Comparing de novo chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic phase with Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Okada Yosuke , Tachi Noriaki , Shimazu Yutaka , Murata Makoto , Nishiwaki Satoshi , Onishi Yasushi , Jinguji Atsushi , Uchida Naoyuki , Tanaka Masatsugu , Hasegawa Yuta , Ito Ayumu , Kako Shinichi , Nishida Tetsuya , Onodera Koichi , Sawa Masashi , Nakamae Hirohisa , Toyosaki Masako , Kanda Yoshinobu , Onizuka Makoto , Fukuda Takahiro , Ohbiki Marie , Atsuta Yoshiko , Arai Yasuyuki , Tachibana Takayoshi
Published: November 2024

Background

De novo chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic phase (CML‐BP) showing lymphoid immunophenotype mimics Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph‐positive ALL). Although upfront allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is considered in both diseases, it is not yet clear whether the transplant outcomes are also similar.

Methods

Using a registry database, the transplant outcomes between de novo CML‐BP and Ph‐positive ALL in negative‐minimal residual disease (MRD), positive MRD, and nonremission cohorts were compared, respectively. All of the included patients had received tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy before HCT and underwent HCT between 2002 and 2021. Regarding Ph‐positive ALL, patients with p210 transcripts were excluded because there was concern that this group might include patients with de novo CML‐BP.

Results

Although most of the outcomes were comparable, in patients with positive MRD at HCT, de novo CML‐BP was significantly associated with superior disease‐free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.6, p = .0032), overall survival (HR 0.66, p = .027), and a lower risk of relapse (HR 0.48, p = .0051). In subgroup analyses, BCR::ABL1 mutation status had a significant interaction with the disease (p for interaction = .0027). De novo CML‐BP seemed to be associated with superior disease‐free survival in a BCR::ABL1 mutation‐positive cohort, whereas this association was not observed in a mutation‐negative cohort.

Conclusions

Considering previous reports that showed inferior outcomes for de novo CML‐BP compared to Ph‐positive ALL, the data suggested that allogeneic HCT could overcome the poor prognosis of de novo CML‐BP. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing de novo CML‐BP from Ph‐positive ALL.
Metal–Metal Bonding in Tri‐Actinide Clusters: A DFT Study of [An3Cl6]z (z=1–6) and [An3Cl6Cp3]z (z=−2–+3; An=Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu)
Authors: Tomeček Josef , Liddle Stephen T. , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas
Published: November 2024

The actinide–actinide bonding in tri‐actinide clusters [An₃Cl₆]z (An=Ac–Pu, z=1–6) and [An₃Cl₆Cp₃]z (z=−2–+3; Cp=(η5‐C5H5)) is studied using density functional theory. We find 3‐centre bonding similar to the tri‐thorium cluster [{Th(η⁸‐C₈H₈)(μ₃‐Cl)₂}₃{K(THF)₂}₂]∞, as we previously reported (Nature 2021, 598, 72–75). The population of 3‐centre molecular orbitals (3c‐MOs) by zero, one or two electrons correlates with shortening of the An−An bond lengths, which also decrease with increasing actinide atomic number, consistent with the contraction of the actinide valence atomic orbitals. Mulliken analyses indicate that these 3c‐MOs predominantly involve An 6d and 5 f orbitals. Various methods evidence the presence of An−An bonding in most systems with populated 3c‐MOs, including bond orders (Mayer and Wiberg), quantum theory of atoms in molecules metrics (ρ, ∇2ρ, −G/V, H, delocalization indices), electron localization function, and electron density assessments. Additionally, we explore the effect of Cp ligand substitution on uranium complexes, finding that bulkier Cp ligands can induce U−U bond distortions and result in slightly longer U−U bonds. Overall, this study advances our understanding of metal–metal bonding in tri‐actinide clusters, highlighting its effects on geometric and electronic structures.
Efficacy of Mindfulness Meditation on Patients With Stroke With Concurrent Coronary Heart Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Kou Lulu , Liu Min , Kang Shaowei , Ni Guangxiao
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of mindfulness meditation on sleep quality and negative emotions in patients with stroke with concurrent coronary heart disease.

Methods

This study was a randomised controlled trial. A total of 72 patients with stroke with concurrent coronary heart disease were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 36 patients in each group. The control group received routine treatment plus eszopiclone tablets at a dosage of 3 mg once daily. The observation group received mindfulness meditation in addition to the treatment given to the control group. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep status, the Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale and Self‐Rating Depression Scale were used to assess depression and anxiety, and the Fugl–Meyer Assessment was used to assess motor function. All participants in both groups received a 6‐week intervention.

Results

Pairwise comparisons revealed that the observation group had better outcomes in sleep quality, sleep onset latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, daytime function and total scores at both 6 and 12 weeks compared with the control group (p < 0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, compared with the control group, the total score of sleep quality improved more significantly (9.22 ± 2.35/6.26 ± 2.47). Additionally, different treatment methods had varying effects on anxiety scores, depression scores and motor function scores between the two groups (p < 0.001). Further comparisons showed that the observation group had lower anxiety and depression scores and higher motor function scores at both 6 and 12 weeks compared with the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Mindfulness meditation can effectively improve sleep quality and reduce negative emotions in patients with stroke with concurrent coronary heart disease, as well as promote the recovery of limb functions.
Management of Soft Tissue Defects Around Single Implants: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Moussa Haithem , Nasri Wafa , Gargouri Rania , Bouslema Afif
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of the available techniques for the management of peri‐implant soft tissue defects around single implants in the anterior region.

Material and Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science (all databases), and Cochrane, using keywords and MeSH terms related to the topic. This systematic review included prospective interventional studies with a minimum of 10 patients and at least 6 months of follow‐up.

Results

A total of 13 articles were included, with eight focusing on outcomes related to buccal soft tissue dehiscence coverage procedures and the remaining five investigating interventions aimed at augmenting soft tissue thickness. Coronally advanced flap in combination with connective tissue graft was the most effective technique for buccal soft tissue dehiscence coverage in the medium and long term. In terms of increasing soft tissue thickness, both connective tissue graft and acellular dermal matrix demonstrated satisfactory short‐term outcomes; however, their long‐term efficacy remains unclear.

Conclusions

Soft tissue augmentation procedures resulted in satisfactory outcomes, in terms of buccal soft tissue dehiscence coverage and soft tissue thickness increase, around single implants in the esthetic area. Peri‐implant plastic surgery has improved both the esthetic appearance and quality of life of patients.

PROSPERO Registration Code

CRD42023398424
Effects of Toothpaste Containing 2% Zinc Citrate on Gingival Health and Three Related Bacteria—A Randomized Double‐Blind Study
Authors: Zhou Yujie , Zhou Yi , Liao Binyou , Chen Xiaobin , Niu Yulong , Ren Biao
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Gingivitis is the initial stage of periodontitis, one of the most common oral diseases and the primary cause of tooth loss. This study aims to evaluate the effect of toothpaste containing 2% zinc citrate on gingival health and the abundance of three bacteria related to gingivitis and periodontitis.

Methods and Materials

Eleven volunteers with the same oral health status were randomly assigned to the treatment (n = 5) and control (n = 6) groups. The control group used fluoride toothpaste, while the treatment group used fluoride toothpaste supplemented with 2% zinc citrate for 3 months. The plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding index were measured at baseline (0 day), 3 weeks, and 3 months. Dental plaque from four areas of the mouth (FDI criteria) was collected at the same timepoints. A total of 132 dental plaque samples were analyzed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) to monitor the abundance of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia.

Results

Toothpaste containing 2% zinc citrate significantly lowered the gingival index and reduced gum bleeding but did not affect the plaque index. It also reduced the total abundance of the three bacteria related to gingivitis and periodontitis in dental plaque over a long‐term period.

Conclusions

Toothpaste with 2% zinc citrate persistently improves gingival health and reduces the presence of gingivitis‐associated bacteria in dental plaque.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Clinical trial registration no.: ChiCTR1900020592) (09/01/2019).
Investigating multi‐trophic effects of St. Augustinegrass cultivar blends in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Pinkney James Louis , Iannone Basil V. , Milla‐Lewis Susana , van der Laat R. , Unruh J. Bryan , Schiavon Marco , Dale Adam G.
Published: November 2024

Warm‐season turfgrasses, including St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze], are produced and installed as monocultures of single cultivars. Recent research indicates that blending St. Augustinegrass cultivars can increase turfgrass stand resilience to insect pests, establishment of undesired plant species, and abiotic stressors without reducing plant performance. However, effects on specific key turfgrass insect pests are less documented and the mechanisms driving changes in turfgrass stand resilience are unclear. Moreover, it remains unknown if the effects of cultivar blends on biotic resistance vary across St. Augustinegrass’ range. Here, we pair a regional common garden observational field study with a controlled greenhouse experiment to isolate the effects of cultivar blends on the recruitment of predatory arthropods (top‐down pest regulation) and on southern chinch bug [Blissus insularis Barber] performance (bottom‐up pest regulation). We find that cultivar diversity has no effect on natural enemy recruitment but natural enemies do vary predictably with changes in geographic location. In contrast to our hypothesis, southern chinch bug reached higher densities in cultivar blends compared to cultivar monocultures, although this effect was driven by specific cultivar blends. Despite higher pest densities in turfgrass blends on average, blends of four St. Augustinegrass cultivars maintained a higher percent green cover than cultivar monocultures, suggesting that cultivar blends can persist longer under elevated pest densities compared to cultivar monocultures. Our findings can guide future research focused on blending warm‐season turfgrass cultivars as an integrated pest management strategy for more resilient and sustainable turfgrass lawns.
Application of Hydroxyaromatic Aldehydes in Ultra‐Efficient and Metal‐Free Photocatalytic E→Z Isomerization of Olefin
Authors: Liu Chun‐Xiu , Yao Yao , Zhou Zi‐Wen , Qin Song , Yu Zhi‐Peng , Tao Fei‐Yan , Li Wen‐Dian , Yu Xiao‐Qi , Wang Na
Published: November 2024

The strategy of photocatalyzed E→Z isomerization of olefins to access thermodynamically less stable Z‐alkenes has recently received considerable attention. Here, we have discovered a sensitizer of hydroxyaromatic aldehyde that can rapidly achieve olefin E→Z isomerization under blue light irradiation. Notably, 2‐hydroxybenzene‐1,3,5‐tricarbaldehyde, when assisted by blue light, can achieve efficient and selective conversion within just 5 minutes (Z/E=92 : 8). The reaction can be successfully scaled up to gram scale, and exhibits remarkable reactivity toward various derivatives of ethyl cinnamate (27 examples) and other olefins. Furthermore, the former can be directly cyclized by a hydroxyl derivative to produce 4‐substituted coumarin. The prominent preponderance of this method includes being metal‐free, efficient, convenient, no by‐products and achieving high selectivity. Correlation of sensitizer triplet energy (ET) and preliminary mechanistic experiments indicate that the accomplishment of this reaction is based on the selective excitation mechanism.
Z‐Scheme Enabled 1D/2D Nanocomposite of ZnO Nanorods and Functionalized g‐C3 N4 Nanosheets for Sustainable Degradation of Terephthalic Acid
Authors: Mittal Honey , Kumar Arun , Sharma Diksha , Khanuja Manika
Published: November 2024

The urgent need to mitigate water pollution and achieve Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG 14)‐Life below water, necessitates developing efficient and eco‐friendly wastewater treatment technologies. This research addresses this challenge by photocatalytic degradation of terephthalic acid, a precursor for PET bottles using environment‐friendly and biocompatible photocatalysts. The 1D/2D nanocomposite comprising zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (Zn‐TG) nanosheets were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The nanocomposite effectively mitigated the individual drawbacks of Zn‐TG agglomeration and the wide band gap of ZnO as confirmed through zeta potential and Tauc′s plot studies, respectively. The synthesized nanocomposite achieved ~100 % degradation within 60 minutes, exhibiting superior kinetics (~2.5 times) compared to pristine samples. The enhanced degradation efficiency was elucidated by efficient charge carrier transfer (~5 times faster) and separation (~2 times improved) as confirmed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and time‐resolved photoluminescence studies. The proposed Z‐scheme pathway provides mechanistic insights. This proposed mechanism is supported by extensive electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and scavenger studies. The liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis confirms the formation of less toxic byproducts for ensuring that the wastewater treatment process is efficient and environmentally friendly. This research helps in developing a highly effective and sustainable wastewater treatment technology.
Neutrophil pyroptosis regulates corneal wound healing and post‐injury neovascularisation
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhang Zhentao , Sakai Lilian , Xu Yanping , Wang Shanzhi , Lee Kyung Eun , Geng Bingchuan , Kim Jongsoo , Zhao Bao , Wang Qiang , Wen Haitao , Chandler Heather L. , Zhu Hua
Published: November 2024

Rationale

The cornea is a unique structure that maintains its clarity by remaining avascular. Corneal injuries can lead to neovascularisation (CNV) and fibrosis and are the third most common cause of blindness worldwide.

Objective

Corneal injuries induce an immune cell infiltration to initiate reparative processes. However, inflammation caused by sustained immune cell infiltration is known to be detrimental and can delay the healing process. This study was designed to understand the potential role of neutrophil and epithelial cell crosstalk in post‐injury CNV.

Methods and results

Western blotting and immunostaining assays demonstrated that neutrophils infiltrated corneas and underwent pyroptosis following acute alkali injury. In vivo studies showed that genetic ablation of Gasdermin D (GsdmD), a key effector of pyroptosis, enhanced corneal re‐epithelialisation and suppressed post‐injury CNV. In vitro co‐culture experiments revealed that interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) was released from pyroptotic neutrophils which suppressed migration of murine corneal epithelial cells. Real‐time RT‐PCR and immunostaining assays identified two factors, Wnt5a and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sflt‐1), highly expressed in newly healed epithelial cells. sflt‐1 is known to promote corneal avascularity. Bone marrow transplantation, antibody mediated neutrophil depletion, and pharmacological inhibition of pyroptosis promoted corneal wound healing and inhibited CNV in an in vivo murine corneal injury model.

Conclusion

Taken together, our study reveals the importance of neutrophil/epithelium crosstalk and neutrophil pyroptosis in response to corneal injuries. Inhibition of neutrophil pyroptosis may serve as a potential treatment to promote corneal healing without CNV.

Key points

Neutrophil pyroptosis delays re‐epithelialization after corneal injury

Compromised re‐epithelialization promotes corneal neovascularization after injury

Inhibition of post‐injury pyroptosis could be an effective therapy to promote corneal wound healing.
Development and Validation of Machine Learning Models for Identifying Prediabetes and Diabetes in Normoglycemia
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Yao Weidong , Wang Dawei , Hu Wenqi , Zhang Guang , Zhang Yongsheng
Published: November 2024

Background

Prediabetes and diabetes are both abnormal states of glucose metabolism (AGM) that can lead to severe complications. Early detection of AGM is crucial for timely intervention and treatment. However, fasting blood glucose (FBG) as a mass population screening method may fail to identify some individuals who are actually AGM but with normoglycemia. This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning (ML) models to identify AGM among individuals with normoglycemia using routine health check‐up indicators.

Methods

According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, participants with normoglycemia (FBG ≤ 5.6 mmol/L) were collected from 2019 to 2023, and then divided into AGM and Normal groups using glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 5.7% as the threshold. Data from 2019 to 2022 were divided into training and internal validation sets at a 7:3 ratio, while data from 2023 were used as the external validation set. Seven ML algorithms—including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting machine, multilayer perceptron (MLP), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and categorical boosting (CatBoost)—were used to build models for identifying AGM in normoglycemia population. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (auROC) and the precision‐recall curve (auPR). The feature contributions to the optimal model was visualised using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Finally, an intuitive and user‐friendly interactive interface was developed.

Results

A total of 59,259 participants were finally enroled in this study, and then divided into the training set of 32,810, the internal validation set of 14,060, and the external validation set of 12,389. The Catboost model outperformed the others with auROC of 0.806 and 0.794 for the internal and external validation set, respectively. Age was the most important feature influencing the performance of the CatBoost model, followed by fasting blood glucose, red blood cells, haemoglobin, body mass index, and triglyceride‐glucose.

Conclusion

A well‐performed ML model to identify AGM in the normoglycemia population was built, offering significant potential for early intervention and treatment of AGM that would otherwise have been missed.
Photooxidation of Polystyrene into High‐Value Chemicals
Authors: Jiang Shusheng , Chen Yunhan , Huang Yahao , Hu Peng
Published: November 2024

Plastics play a crucial role in the survival and advancement of human civilization. However, the increasing challenge of plastic pollution presents significant obstacles. Disposal methods such as incineration and landfilling result in substantial resource wastage and pose potential environmental hazards. The slow progress in recycling and reusing waste plastics hinders their industrial application and effective response to environmental crises. Photocatalysis offers promising solutions for the future of plastic recycling, particularly with the recent increase in photocatalytic degradation methods for polystyrene (PS). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the photooxidation of PS into high‐value chemicals.
Pain‐related impairment in daily activities after lung cancer surgery: A 1‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Danielsen Allan V. , Andreasen Jan J. , Dinesen Birthe , Hansen John , Petersen Kristian K. , Duch Kirsten S. , Simonsen Carsten , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars
Published: November 2024

Background

Persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) following thoracic surgery affects 40%–60% of patients undergoing lung resection due to malignancies. Postoperative pain‐related symptoms are common, leading to limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) and deterioration in physical function, which significantly impacts quality of life. Pain‐related limitations are of interest, as postsurgical pain may present as a target for intervention to improve postoperative rehabilitation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PPSP and ADL limitations during the first 12 postoperative months after surgery for lung cancer.

Methods

A total of 124 patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer were followed for 12 months. Every 2 months, participants reported ADL limitations attributed to PPSP. Cumulative pain impairment scores were calculated from reported limitations in 14 daily activities, and recovery trajectory patterns were analysed.

Results

Daily activities most affected by PPSP were carrying bags, arm elevation, climbing stairs, cleaning floors and coughing, with >50% reporting limitations across all assessment times. Reported pain intensities were generally mild (NRS≤3), but still associated with significant impairment. Some recovery was observed in patients reporting pain at rest, but PPSP was consistently associated with higher cumulative pain impairment scores at all assessments during the 12‐month follow‐up period.

Conclusions

Findings indicate that persistent postsurgical pain, even of mild intensity, is associated with significant limitations in daily activities up to 12 months post‐surgery. Some improvement in pain‐related impairment was observed, although limitations remained significantly higher in patients reporting persistent postsurgical pain, as compared to pain‐free patients.

Significance

Surgery remains a cornerstone in the treatment of early‐stage lung cancer. Despite advances in minimally invasive techniques and rehabilitation, persisting postsurgical pain and pain‐related limitations in daily activities may endure. This study investigated specifically the pain‐related limitations in activities of daily living and described recovery trajectories during the first 12 postoperative months. Patients with persistent postsurgical pain experienced multiple limitations compared to pain‐free patients. Although partial recovery was observed, impairments remained significant for up to 12 months after surgery.
Separation of Lung Cancer Cells From Mixed Cell Samples Using Aptamer‐Modified Magnetic Beads and Permalloy Micromagnets
Authors: Lin Shu‐Hui , Tsai Yun‐Jung , Su Tzu‐Cheng , Lai Shih‐Lun , Jen Chun‐Ping
Published: November 2024

This study involved the design and fabrication of a microfluidic chip integrated with permalloy micromagnets. The device was used with aptamer‐modified magnetic beads (MBs) of various sizes to successfully separate lung cancer cells from a mixture of other cells. The overall separation efficiency was evaluated based on the ratios of cells in the different outlets and inlets of the chip. The results showed efficiencies ranging from 43.4% to 50.2% for MB sizes between 1.36 and 4.50 µm. Interestingly, efficiency slightly decreased as the size of the MBs increased, contrary to predictions. Further examination revealed that larger MBs exerted gravitational force on the cell‐bound MBs at low flow rates, causing the targets to settle before reaching the main microchannel region. This was attributed to fluidic resistance caused by a size mismatch between the inlet tube and the microfluidic conduit. An increase in cell accumulation at the inlet was observed with larger MB sizes due to gravity. Therefore, the definition of effective separation efficiency was revised to exclude the effect of cell accumulation at the inlet. Effective separation efficiencies were found to be 71.6%, 76.4%, and 79.4% for MB sizes of 1.36, 3.00, and 4.50 µm, respectively. The study concluded that larger MBs interacted more with the magnetic force, resulting in better separation. However, cells with smaller MBs were more likely to evade the magnetic force. The investigation provides valuable insights into isolating lung cancer cells using this method, with the potential for clinical application in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Advanced Mineral Deposit Mapping via Deep Learning and SVM Integration With Remote Sensing Imaging Data
Authors: Jan Nazir , Minallah Nasru , Sher Madiha , Wasim Muhammad , Khan Shahid , Al‐Rasheed Amal , Ali Hazrat
Published: November 2024

Automating mineral delineation and rock type analysis using remote sensing imaging data is a critical application of machine learning. Traditional machine learning methods often struggle with accuracy and precise map generation. This study aims to enhance performance through a refined deep learning model. In this work, we present a deep learning pipeline to map the mineral deposits in the study area. Initially, we apply a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to a specialized mineral dataset to map mineral deposits within the study area. Subsequently, we build a hybrid model combining deep CNN layers with a support vector machine (SVM). This merger significantly improves classification accuracy from an initial 92.7% to 95.3%. In our approach, CNN layers function as feature extractors while the SVM serves as the classification model. Moreover, we conduct an evaluation of the SVM using polynomial kernels of degrees 3, 6, 9, and 12. The results indicate that the SVM with a degree of 12 achieved the highest classification accuracy, followed by degrees 9, 6, and 3. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method for classifying remote sensing imaging data, showcasing its potential for advancing mineral delineation and rock type analysis.
Localized Laser Heat Treatment on AISI 1045 Steel Using a LPBF Laser
Authors: Ours Benjamin , Rehman Hammad Ur , Downard Scott , Cyders Timothy , Wisner Brian
Published: November 2024

Laser heat treatment (LHT) can provide local microstructure modification for metallic materials. This study investigates the viability of LHT on AISI 1045 steel using a laser designed for laser powder bed processing (LPBF) with a very small beam diameter compared to existing literature. Energy density models from the literature are analyzed and adapted to improve consistency across varying laser properties, mainly focusing on spot size and laser–material interaction time. Fifteen different laser parameter schematics are evaluated, comparing hardness versus depth relations as well as laser‐affected zone (LAZ) profiles. Through adapting the energy density model, new laser parameters are calculated and demonstrated to produce a valid localized heat treatment.
Non‐linear time history analyses of a rigid block isolated with unbonded fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolators (UFREIs): A comparison between 3D finite element and phenomenological models
Authors: Sheikh Hediyeh , Pianese Gaetano , Ruparathna Rajeev , Van Engelen Niel C. , Milani Gabriele
Published: November 2024

Numerical modeling represents a pivotal tool in the seismic analysis and design of structural systems, enabling the detailed prediction and examination of structural responses under seismic loading. This research conducts a comparative analysis of two numerical modeling approaches aimed at simulating the seismic response of unbonded fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolators (UFREIs). The research focuses on a finite element (FE) model developed using Abaqus and a developed phenomenological model implemented in OpenSees, outlining the development and calibration processes for each. The FE model is developed based on simple rubber material testing data, while the phenomenological model is calibrated using experimental results from cyclic shear tests conducted on the UFREI device and the FE model. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of these modeling approaches in predicting UFREI behavior under seismic conditions. This evaluation entails comparing model predictions with experimental data obtained from unidirectional shake table tests performed on a rigid block isolated by two UFREIs. This paper highlights the distinct advantages and limitations of each model in simulating UFREI dynamic responses during seismic events. Furthermore, it provides insights into the modeling techniques and discusses the computational demands and data requirements of each model, thereby aiding in their application to various aspects of seismic analysis and design.
Forecasting Beta Using Ultra High Frequency Data
Authors: Zhou Jian
Published: November 2024

This paper examines if using ultra high frequency (UHF, e.g., tick‐by‐tick) data could improve the accuracy of beta forecasts compared with using only moderately high frequency (MHF, minute‐level) data. We propose a novel two‐step paired t‐test for performance evaluation. Our test exploits the cross‐sectional variations in the beta forecasts and avoids the issues associated with the traditional approach which requires choosing a proxy for the true beta. Our tests provide strong evidence that using UHF data generally yields more accurate beta forecasts than using MHF data. Furthermore, we show that the UHF estimator consistently belongs to the group of best risk‐hedging performers for portfolios constructed based on both industrial classifications and size and book‐to‐market ratios. However, we also find that using UHF data of a coarser scale (e.g., 5 or 15 s) leads to reduced benefits compared with using tick‐by‐tick data. Our conclusions hold when different UHF estimators and sample periods are used.
A Novel One‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Approach for Count‐Type Outcomes That Is Robust to Correlated and Uncorrelated Pleiotropic Effects
Authors: Liyanage Janaka S. S. , Hankins Jane S. , Estepp Jeremie H. , Srivastava Deokumar , Rashkin Sara R. , Takemoto Clifford , Li Yun , Cui Yuehua , Mori Motomi , Weiss Mitchell J. , Kang Guolian
Published: November 2024

We propose two novel one‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches to causal inference from count‐type health outcomes, tailored to both equidispersion and overdispersion conditions. Selecting valid single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) poses a key challenge for MR approaches, as it requires meeting the necessary IV assumptions. To bolster the proposed approaches by addressing violations of IV assumptions, we incorporate a process for removing invalid SNPs that violate the assumptions. In simulations, our proposed approaches demonstrate robustness to the violations, delivering valid estimates, and interpretable type‐I errors and statistical power. This increases the practical applicability of the models. We applied the proposed approaches to evaluate the causal effect of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) on the vaso‐occlusive crisis and acute chest syndrome (ACS) events in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and revealed the causal relation between HbF and ACS events in these patients. We also developed a user‐friendly Shiny web application to facilitate researchers' exploration of causal relations.
Prison Education Is Dangerous
Authors: Castro Erin L.
Published: November 2024

In this chapter, I argue that prison education is dangerous. In a context where individual incarcerated people have restricted autonomy, non‐incarcerated students, staff, and faculty from colleges and universities can cause real harm by neglecting to consider the vast power differentials between non‐ or never‐incarcerated educators and students in prison.
Efficacy and Safety of Laser Therapy and Phototherapy in Cicatricial and NonCicatricial Alopecia: A Systematic Review Study
Authors: Jafari Mohammad Amin , Bazgir Ghazal , Hosseini‐Baharanchi Fatemeh Sadat , Jafarzadeh Alireza , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

In recent years, the application of various light and laser devices in the treatment of different types of alopecia has been established. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of laser therapy and phototherapy in cicatricial and non‐cicatricial alopecia.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Articles were evaluated across four subgroups: alopecia areata, androgenic alopecia, telogen effluvium, and cicatricial alopecia. Included studies were published in English or Persian between January 2010 and September 2023, focusing on interventional, cohort, or case series research that achieved a minimum score of 75% on the EBL checklist. Exclusion criteria encompassed animal and in vitro studies, review articles, case reports, duplicated or irrelevant research, as well as studies that did not meet the designated EBL score. Editorial letters and case studies were also excluded.

Results

Initially, 965 records were collected, resulting in the inclusion of 58 studies in the final review: 26 on alopecia areata, 26 on androgenic alopecia, five on cicatricial alopecia, and one on telogen effluvium. Narrow‐band ultraviolet B, 308‐nm excimer laser, and psoralen ultraviolet A therapy showed varying effectiveness; specifically, the excimer laser was notably effective for patients with shorter disease duration. In androgenic alopecia, erbium‐glass and thulium lasers effectively increased hair density but showed a gradual decline posttreatment. Low‐level light/laser therapy also increased hair density and diameter and exhibited potential benefits when used alongside minoxidil, but did not significantly enhance outcomes in telogen effluvium treatment.

Conclusion

Light/laser therapy can serve as an additive treatment for cicatricial alopecia, particularly lichen planopilaris, but has limited efficacy in treating telogen effluvium. Overall, light/laser therapies exhibit a significant positive effect on increasing hair density and diameter across various alopecia types.
Exergetic analysis and multiparametric optimization of a novel three‐fluid‐based organic Rankine cycle evaporative system via Taguchi method
Authors: Sahoo Rashmi Rekha
Published: November 2024

Evaluations were conducted on the thermal performance of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system using three fluids as the evaporative system at a low‐grade heat source. The modified ORC evaporators were replaced with a three‐fluid system, which included hot fluids at the top and bottom and an isopentane working fluid in the middle section. Furthermore, the thermal performance assessment with a hot fluid heat transfer ratio in the outer and inner tubes (Q2/Q1) varying from 25:75 to 75:25 has been investigated. The impact of the hot fluid's (Q2/Q1) heat transfer ratios to saturated steam on the modified ORC's thermal performance assessment was examined, with an evaporative temperature range of 45–65°C and a pinch point temperature difference (PPTD) of 3–10°C. The Taguchi technique solves multiparameter optimization using the L9 orthogonal array. The findings showed that in three‐fluid‐based modified ORC systems, the network output, exergetic efficiency, and irreversibility went down with PPTD for all three Q2/Q1 cases. For Q2/Q1 of 75:25, the ORC's energetic efficiency and overall irreversibility reached their optimum, while a PPTD of 3–10°C reduced the exergetic efficiency by 19.71%. Also, Q2/Q1 of 75:25 showed the highest and 200% higher ORC system work done at PPTD of 3°C than Q2/Q1 of 25:75—the lowest. Modified ORC network generation, energy output, and heat transfer rate showed excellent results at an evaporative temperature of 58.33°C. For optimal network productivity, Q2/Q1 of 75:25 was 160% and 40% greater than 50:50 and 25:75 at 58.33°C, respectively. The three‐fluid‐based modified ORC system performs better with a 75:25 Q2/Q1 ratio. According to Taguchi's analysis, evaporation temperature affects the improved ORC system's thermal, exergy, and network generation. Also, heat transfer ratios (F = Q2/Q1) largely affect system irreversibility.
Effect of Variable Gravity Field on Dual Component Convection in a Couple Stress Fluid Saturated Anisotropic Porous Layer With Temperature‐Dependent Heat Source
Authors: Gangadharaiah Y. H. , Ananda K.
Published: November 2024

This study examines how gravity fluctuations, the couple stress parameter, anisotropic parameters, and heat source collectively influence dual‐component convection in the porous layer. The linear analysis is conducted utilizing the normal mode technique. The authors proposed three categories of gravity fluctuation, namely: (a) linear, (b) parabolic, and (c) exponential. Expressions for both stationary and oscillatory Rayleigh numbers are derived using the Galerkin approach. Neutral stability curves for both stationary and oscillatory modes are analyzed, with graphical representations to show the effects of various stability parameters, including gravity fluctuations, couple stress, anisotropy, and heat source. The results show that the mechanical anisotropy parameter and Vadasz number lead to system destabilization, while the couple stress parameter, Lewis number, gravity parameter, solute Rayleigh number, and thermal anisotropy parameter help to stabilize the system. Furthermore, the system is more stable with exponential gravity fluctuations and less stable with parabolic gravity fluctuations. This finding offers insights into thermal convective instability in porous media, impacting applications in geoscience, engineering, and environmental science.
Total testosterone, sex hormone‐binding globulin, and free testosterone concentrations and risk of primary liver cancer: A prospective analysis of 200,000 men and 180,000 postmenopausal women
Authors: Watling Cody Z. , Kelly Rebecca K. , Watts Eleanor L. , Graubard Barry I. , Petrick Jessica L. , Matthews Charles E. , McGlynn Katherine A.
Published: November 2024

In most countries, males have ~2–3 times higher incidence of primary liver cancer than females. Sex hormones have been hypothesized to contribute to these differences, but the evidence remains unclear. Using data from the UK Biobank, which included ~200,000 males and ~180,000 postmenopausal females who provided blood samples at recruitment, we estimated hazard ratios (HR2) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for a doubling in hormone concentration from multivariable adjusted Cox regression for circulating total testosterone, sex‐hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and free testosterone concentrations and risk of primary liver cancer. After a median of 11.8 years of follow‐up, 531 cases of primary liver cancer were observed, of which 366 occurred in males and 165 occurred in females. Total testosterone and SHBG were shown to be positively associated with liver cancer risk in both males and females (Total testosterone HR2: 3.42, 95% CI:2.42–4.84 and 1.29, 0.97–1.72, respectively; SHBG HR2: 5.44, 4.42–6.68 and 1.52, 1.09–2.12, respectively). However, free testosterone was inversely associated with primary liver cancer in males (HR2: 0.42, 0.32–0.55) and no association was observed in females. When analyses compared two main liver cancer subtypes, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), there was evidence of heterogeneity; associations for total testosterone and SHBG concentrations were only positively associated with HCC in both males (HR2: 3.56, 2.65–4.79 and 7.72, 6.12–9.73, respectively) and females (HR2: 1.65, 1.20–2.27 and 6.74, 3.93–11.5, respectively) but not with ICC. Further research understanding the mechanisms of how sex‐steroids may influence liver cancer risk is needed.