bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Preservation and Curation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Generated Contents for Sustainable Library Operations in Academic Libraries in Nigeria
Authors: Owate Comfort , David-West Boma
Published: June 2024

The study investigated digital preservation and curation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) generated content for sustainable library operations in university libraries, 3 research questions and 3 hypotheses were used for the study. The population comprised of 193 Librarians from thirteen (13) university libraries in South-South and South-East, Nigeria. The random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 116 Librarians in the 13 universities representing 60% of the population. A 15-item questionnaire was used for data collection. Cronbach alpha statistics was used to obtain 0.74 reliability. Mean/standard deviation was used for research questions and z-test statistics was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result amongst others revealed that, some of the challenges faced by University libraries in the preservation and curation of AL generated content are ethical and bias considerations that deals with fairness, accountability and transparency, legal and intellectual property issues, data privacy and security and more. One of the strategies to preserve and curate AI generated content is the storage of multiple copies of AI-generated content in geographically distributed locations to curb situation that would lead to loss of data due to hardware failures and many others. It was recommended that, government in collaboration with university management should provide necessary infrastructure and facilities, upgrade and update existing ones to enable the preservation and curation of AI generated content for the sustenance of digital library operation in academic libraries.
Comparison of the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) and the Kato-Katz Techniques in the Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kabore Farida , Sombie Salif , Bayala Bagora , Sore Harouna , Ouedraogo Nicolas , Some Henri , Ouattara Aristide , Coulibaly Liz , Soulama Issiaka , Simpore Jacques
Published: June 2024

Intestinal schistosomiasis or intestinal bilharzia, mainly caused by Schistosoma mansoni, is one of the most common parasitic diseases in the world, and a neglected tropical disease (NTD). It ranks first among water-borne diseases and is the 2nd most endemic parasitic disease after malaria and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), schistosomiasis is transmitted in more than 78 countries and territories in tropical and subtropical regions, and more than 250 million people are infected, mainly in Africa. Kato Katz (KK) remains the standard technique for diagnosing this disease. A promising new approach, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), may be needed in developing countries such as Burkina Faso. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the LAMP technique and the Kato-Katz technique in the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni in Burkina Faso. 52 stool samples were collected from patients in the town of Bobo Dioulasso and examined using the KK technique, which corresponds to microscopy and the LAMP technique, to assess the sensitivity and specificity of this molecular technique. The results showed a prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis of 8% in the study, and the Kappa coefficient obtained between the 2 techniques was 0.99, roughly equal to 1. The sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP molecular test was 100%.
Epidemio-Clinical and Paraclinical Aspects of Venous Thromboembolic Diseases in a Cardiology Department in Mali
Authors: Mamadou Toure , Adiaratou Thiam , Daouda Fofana , Hamma Sankare , Mariam Dagnogo , Ousmane Traore , Djamila Yalcoue , Mahamat Guire , Samba Sidibe , Ameri Diall , Mady Sow , Almadane Cisse , Asmaou Keita , Sanoussy Daffe , Massama Konate , Souleymane Coulibaly , Ichaka Menta
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Venous thromboembolic diseases (VTED) include deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs and pulmonary embolism (PE), which is its severe form due to its high mortality. The objective of our study was to determine the epidemio-clinical and paraclinical aspects of patients hospitalized for venous thromboembolic diseases. Patients and method: Cross-sectional study with prospective recruitment from patient records hospitalized for (VTED) from January to December 2023 in the cardiology department of the Mother-Child University Hospital in Bamako, Luxembourg. Results: We collected 55 out of 580 patient records hospitalized for (VTED), a hospital frequency of 9.48%. PE accounted for 58.20% of cases, 10.90% for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and 30.90% for their association. The mean age of patients was 55.56 years ± 15.52 years. The majority of patients, 90%, were under 66 years of age. The predominance was female, 56%. In lower extremity DVT, calf pain and Homans' sign were present in 56% and 24% of patients. In pulmonary embolism, dyspnea and chest pain were present in 85.50% and 65.50% of patients. Etiological factors were dominated by neoplasia in 10.90%, contraception 5.45% and orthopedic surgery in 5.45% of cases. Cardiovascular risk factors were a sedentary lifestyle (50.90%), obesity (34.45%), high blood pressure (36.36%) and diabetes (21.81%). Laboratory abnormalities were elevation of troponin (46.87%), BNP (40.62%), D-Dimer (62.50%) and anemia (9.09%). Electrocardiographic abnormalities were tachycardia in 65.4% and S1Q3 in 21.81% of patients. Echocardiography showed dilation of the right cavities (47.27%), systolic pulmonary arterial hypertension (38.18%) and thrombus in the right cavitary (5.45%). On thoracic CT angiography, PE was proximal (36.40%), bilateral (61.80%) and massive (29.10%). On venous Doppler ultrasound, TVP was proximal in 65.21%. Conclusion: VETD was more common in women and younger subjects.
Post Sales Service Strategies and Small and Medium Enterprises Performance in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Tina Akinbo , Alaba Oladeji
Published: June 2024

Post Sales Service Strategies play a vital role on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. Post Sales Service is an increasingly important part of the business sand is more complex than manufacturing product. Unlike product, it is not possible to produce services in advance and inventory this future consumption. Post Sales Service has become an essential factor for all organizations nowadays; organizations are merging several marketing mixes in different ways to enhance Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty. Organizations are trying to provide excellent Post Sales Service to Customers and using several techniques to retain Customers. Post Sales Service helps to produce remarkable revenue in almost every business field. This study sought to assess the role in which Post Sales Service Strategies play on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A survey among SMEs owners in Oyo State found that Post Sales Service can become a key differentiator and a major profit source if it’s being managed and carried out appropriately among the Small business owner and their customer in order to boost their operational performance and as well standardize their relationship with the customers. The study is immensely in various ways to Small Business Owners, Management, Practitioners, and Policy Makers. To the Small Business owners in Nigeria, the study will provide a more reliable scientific measure on issues affecting Post Sales Service on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. The findings also revealed that Post Sales Services are very important in mitigating possible collapse of SMEs. There search thus, recommends that SMEs should ensure that Post Sales Service should be used as an integral part of product offering at the same value to every customer in order to increase and survive in their operational performance efficiently and effectively.
Energy Performance and Life-Cycle Analysis of Building Retrofits: A Case Study in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Alkaabi Noura , Mayyas Ahmad
Published: June 2024

Highly developed nations worldwide encounter a notable energy demand as their main obstacle. Furthermore, the building sector plays a significant role in contributing to carbon emissions and climate change. In the UAE, buildings consume the largest portion of energy due to the improper selection of design parameters during the building's design phase, which are specifically tailored for the remarkably hot climate in the country. As a result, various studies, initiatives, and policies are focused on enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings. Additionally, retrofitting existing buildings has emerged as a crucial approach to achieving energy efficiency, resulting in several benefits such as reduced costs for operation and maintenance. This research performed an analysis of a commercial building in Abu Dhabi using DesignBuilder, based on energy modeling and simulation. Five main retrofits were examined, accompanied by a cost analysis to determine the most appropriate retrofit for future investments. The results demonstrate that increasing the cooling set point temperature by 4 degrees led to a 19.53% decrease in the annual cooling load. Additionally, retrofitting the chiller resulted in a 16.11% reduction in the annual cooling load, whereas wall insulation had the least impact as a retrofit. It was observed that improving the chiller's coefficient of performance (COP) offered significant advantages, with a payback period of around 5 years, making it the most favorable retrofit for investment. However, the glazing and wall insulation retrofits were considered less beneficial due to their high initial costs and long payback periods.
Graphene Oxide Nanocarriers for Effective Drug Delivery in Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Sadeghi Mahshid
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer globally, with women having a higher risk of developing the disease. Current treatment approaches, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, encounter significant difficulties due to the heterogeneous and intricate regulation of tumors. Nanotechnology, especially the utilization of graphene oxide (GO), presents a promising approach to overcoming the limitations of traditional treatments. GO's unique properties, including its two-dimensional structure, functional groups, and high surface area, make it an ideal material for developing multifunctional nanocarriers. Graphene oxide-based nanocarriers have demonstrated immense potential in breast cancer therapeutics by overcoming the limitations and adverse reactions associated with chemotherapy. The functionalization of GO's surface using biocompatible substances like chitosan and polyethylene glycol improves the cytotoxicity of GO. Enhancing the cytotoxicity also improves the ability to treat tumors that have developed resistance to traditional treatments. These findings demonstrate the promising efficacy of GO-based nanocarriers in treating breast cancer and pave the way for the development of more precise and efficient treatment strategies in the future, potentially improving therapeutic outcomes.
Fuzzy Logic for Scientific Discoveries in Fuzziological Epistemology
Authors: Sadeghi Ahmad
Published: June 2024

All types of logic started with Aristotle and have been corrected as a traditional, formal, conditional, classical logic and even modern logic carry the main problems of Aristotelian logic. Despite their important differences, because of these core commonalities they are all called Classical Logic. The fundamental limitations of classical logic make it impossible to advance the knowledge necessary to solve growing human problems. All human knowledge, especially scientific knowledge is based on the logical principles that seem to hinder the knowledge of reality rather than facilitate it; although in the beginning, this logic has helped mankind in acquiring knowledge. Fuzzy logic has been successful as an effective solution in science and in practice, but it lacks the necessary philosophical foundations so it has faced with several major problems and on important paradox in theorizing. First, the main challenges in classical logic are diseased in this article, then it is explained how to solve the problems and most important paradox to apply the fuzzy logic for scientific discoveries in a new approach. Finally, the new paradigm of Fuzziological Epistemology (fuzzy based epistemology) has been proposed in term of Dynamic Fuzzy Puzzle Theory.
Effects of Essential Oils of Vepris heterophylla (Rutaceae) and Xylopia aetiopica (Annonaceae) on Stage II and IV Larvae of Anopheles gambiae Sensu Stricto Giles 1902
Authors: Ndawakai Ndevenna , Théophile Bouba , Pierre Saotoing , Elias Nukenine
Published: June 2024

Objective: In order to control malaria through the reduction of Plasmodium spp vector populations, a study of the sensibility of A. gambiae ss stage II and IV larvae to V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica essential oils was carried out as well as their combined effect evaluated in the University of Ngaoundere, Adamawa region Cameroon from january to february 2020. Methodology: The tests consisted in evaluating the mortality of A. gambiae ss larvae in the presence of diluted solutions of the essential oils following a WHO (2005) methodology. Results: Bioassays revealed that the essential oils of both plants have remarkable insecticidal properties. At 250ppm, essential oils of V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica induced 100% mortality of stage II larvae after 18h of exposure. In stage IV larvae, the same concentration killed 100% of the larvae after 24h of exposure. The combined effect of the essential oils of the two plants on stage II and IV larvae of A. gambiae ss varied according to the proportion of combination made. In stage II larvae, the combination of V. heterophylla 50% and X. aetiopica 50% essential oils showed better efficacy (LC50=42.62ppm; LH50=03hr23min27sec), followed by that of V. heterophylla 25% and X. aetiopica 75% (LC50=44.24ppm; LH50=03hr31min21sec) and that of V. heterophylla 75% and X. aetiopica 25% (LC50=53.66ppm; LH50=05hr07min59sec). A similar trend was observed in stage IV larvae. Conclusion and application: In sum, due to their proven insecticidal properties against A. gambiae ss, the combination of essential oils of V. heterophylla and X. aetiopica should be highly recommended for the development of natural biocides.
The Effect of Leadership Styles on Employee Motivation’s in Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama - Ethiopia
Authors: Aman Awol
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of leadership Styles on Employee Motivation’s in Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama - Ethiopia. The study used descriptive and which incorporated both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The researcher was employed Systematic Random Sampling Technique techniques to distribute the questionnaire to the respondents. Data was collected by using both closed and open ended self-administered questionnaires and a total of one hundred sixty nine (169) questionnaires were returned. The results were analyzed and interpreted using SPSS software version 20. The scores are interpreted quantitatively and open-ended suggestions are interpreted qualitatively. The research indicated that there is positive strong and significant relationships are existed between Leadership Styles attributes (Laissez faire leadership and democratic leadership) and Extrinsic Employee Motivation Practices at (r =.946, p < 0.01 and r =.707 p < 0.01) respectively. But, no relationship existed between democratic leadership and autocratic leadership styles. Linear regression analysis also indicated that at 58.2% variance in employee motivation can be predicted from the combination of all Leadership Styles Dimensions. This indicates that combination of the predictors significantly combined together to predict employee motivation. The study found that majority of the respondents was motivated with most variables of intrinsic motivational practices in the organization. This also proves that intrinsic motivation practices can contributed positively for employee motivations in their jobs. However, the study also found that majority of the respondents was de-motivated with extrinsic motivational practices in the organization. Finally, the researcher believes that this paper is not exhaustive that could provide all lists of topic researched. However, it gives a bird-eye view on topic and it is open for further discussion and/or critics.
Investigation of Thermo-Electrical Instabilities in a Semiconductor as 2D Dynamical Systems
Authors: Arzikulova Mukaddas
Published: June 2024

A semiconducting sample placed in cryogenic media with applied electric field generates low frequency oscillations of electric current and sample temperature and known to be thermo-electrical instabilities. Although observation of current oscillations on oscilloscope is possible, change of sample temperature cannot be detected experimentally. Description of the phenomenon through mathematical equations helps to understand relationship of the two variables as well as their connection to deep trap behavior that are involved in supporting the instability. Mathematical model for thermo-electrical instabilities in an n type semiconductor based on the two deep trap level model with non-degenerate electron statistics has been introduced in order to investigate the unique relationship between the change in time of both electric current flowing through a semiconductor sample and the sample temperature. The 3D dynamical system of nonlinear inhomogeneous ordinary differential equations has been investigated as component 2D dynamical systems (n,T), (n,nt) and (nt,T) for local behavior at isolated equilibrium and at points on individual trajectories, where n, nt and T are free electron concentration at conduction band, electron concentration at deep traps and temperature of a semiconductor sample accordingly. Each of the planar systems is expressed in canonical form and investigated as a Cauchy problem with a set of appropriate initial values. This paper presents investigation results of phase trajectories of the planar systems depending on a single parameter – the temperature of cooling media T0. Based on obtained calculation results of time sequences of the three variables n, nt and T, phase differences among these variables have been determined for different values of T0. It has been established that the change in sample temperature lags behind change in current and this lag increases with T0. Clearly defined correlations among systems (n,T), (n,nt) and (nt,T) are seen, being the result of balance between field aided and thermal ionization mechanisms for charge carrier generation and recombination processes. Thermal and field assisted generation mechanisms compete with one another in achieving steady non equilibrium state in the system depending on temperature of cooling media T0.
Maternal Depression and Associated Factors Among South Sudanese Refugee Mothers in Gambella's Tierkidi Refugee Camp: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Legse Liya , Alemu Merertu , Nigatu Digafe
Published: June 2024

Background: Maternal depression stands out as the prevailing psychiatric condition during pregnancy, with its detrimental impacts posing significant consequences for both the mother and the fetus. Nearly a quarter of women will encounter depression at some stage in their lives, with the majority experiencing it during their childbearing years. Refugee women face elevated susceptibility to mental health disorders, with rates surpassing those of host populations. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of maternal depression and the associated factors with it among South Sudanese refugee women living in the Gambella region, in the Tierkidi refugee camp in 2023. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study conducted within the Gambella region's Tierkidi refugee camp in Ethiopia involved 452 randomly selected participants who were pregnant and had given birth within the past 12 months. Data collection utilized a pretested structured questionnaire administered through interviews. Data coding and entry were performed using Epi-Info version 7.2, with subsequent analysis conducted in SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were employed to identify associations between the outcome variable and explanatory variables. The strength of association was assessed using odds ratios at a 95% confidence interval, and associations were deemed significant at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: In this study, the prevalence of maternal depression was found to be 31.5% (95% CI: 27.4-37.8). Significant associations were observed between maternal depression and unmarried marital status (AOR = 13.39, 95% CI: 3.11-57.7), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 6.76, 95% CI: 2.13-21.4), intimate partner violence (AOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 2.32-12.4), number of pregnancies (AOR = 4.85, 95% CI: 2.56-9.17), and history of abortion (AOR = 3.97, 95% CI: 1.07-14.7). Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of maternal depression among pregnant mothers with infants less than 12 months old. Factors such as being unmarried, experiencing unplanned pregnancy, having a history of abortion, a higher number of pregnancies, lack of social support, and a history of intimate partner violence were found to be significantly associated with maternal depression.
The COVID-19 Outbreak and Volatility Spillover Between Stock Exchange’s Overall and Small- and Medium-enterprise Indices: Evidence from India
Authors: Kushwah Silky Vigg , Thukral Sonal
Published: June 2024

The research examines the dynamic correlation between the volatility of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the Small- and Medium-enterprises (SMEs) Index of BSE in India. It focuses on analysing the volatility spillover between SME and BSE by utilising the generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model. The study extends its scope by examining the impact of the current pandemic, COVID-19, on the volatility of both SME and BSE by utilising the exponential GARCH and threshold GARCH models. Findings suggest that there is volatility spillover between the two indices. The results also highlight that the pandemic significantly affected the volatility of both indices. The findings of the study provide important implications for policymakers, portfolio managers, and investors, particularly when the Indian government has been emphasising on the growth and continuous support of the small and medium enterprises and increasing foreign investments in India’s SMEs in recent years.
A simplified G-CSF–free procedure allows for in vivo HSC gene therapy of sickle cell disease in a mouse model
Authors: Li Chang , Anderson Anna K. , Ruminski Peter , Rettig Michael , Karpova Darja , Kiem Hans-Peter , DiPersio John F. , Lieber André
Published: June 2024

We have reported the direct repair of the sickle cell mutation in vivo in a disease model using vectorized prime editors after hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)/AMD3100. The use of G-CSF for HSC mobilization is a hurdle for the clinical translation of this approach. Here, we tested a G-CSF-free mobilization regimen using WU-106, an inhibitor of integrin α4β1, plus AMD3100 for in vivo HSC prime editing in sickle cell disease (SCD) mice. Mobilization with WU-106 + AMD3100 in SCD mice was rapid and efficient. In contrast to the G-CSF/AMD3100 approach, mobilization of activated granulocytes and elevation of the key proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in the serum were minimal. The combination of WU-106 + AMD3100 mobilization and IV injection of the prime editing vector together with in vivo selection resulted in ∼23% correction of the SCD mutation in the bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of SCD mice. The treated mice demonstrated phenotypic correction, as reflected by normalized blood parameters and spleen size. Editing frequencies were significantly increased (29%) in secondary recipients, indicating the preferential mobilization/transduction of long-term repopulating HSCs. Using this approach, we found <1% undesired insertions/deletions and no detectable off-target editing at the top-scored potential sites. Our study shows that in vivo transduction to treat SCD can now be done within 2 hours involving only simple IV injections with a good safety profile. The same-day mobilization regimen makes in vivo HSC gene therapy more attractive for resource-poor settings, where SCD does the most damage.
Compression properties of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) treated with resin impregnation under loading perpendicular to the grain
Authors: Ogawa Keita , Kobayashi Kenji , Fukuta Satoshi
Published: June 2024

The compression properties of wood perpendicular to the grain is an important resistance mechanism in timber joints, especially wood-to-wood joints. Hence, improving the compression properties of wood is essential to developing timber joints with high resistance performance. In this study, we attempted to improve the compression properties using a resin impregnation technique. Three compression tests were conducted: loading at the full surface of the specimen, loading at the local part of the specimen with the unloaded part expanding in the tangential direction, and loading at the local part of the specimen with the unloaded part expanding in the longitudinal direction. Two types of resins were used: urethane and acryl. For compression loading on the full surface, the stiffness was increased by resin impregnation in the case of acryl impregnation. However, the yield load did not increase significantly. In the cases of compression loading in the local part and unloaded part expanding in the tangential direction, the stiffness increased when acryl was used, and the yield load increased when both resins were used. Significant increment in the properties were observed when the local compression load acted on the specimens with the unloaded parts expanding in the longitudinal direction. When urethane and a 10 mm incision depth were used, the stiffness and yield load increased 1.35 and 2.54 times, respectively. When using acryl and a 10 mm incision depth, the stiffness and yield load increased 1.64 and 2.93 times, respectively.
Characterization and application of the nanocompiste packaging films containing clay and TiO2 on preservation of tomato fruit under cold storage
Authors: Bodaghi Hojatollah
Published: June 2024

Background

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), a valuable economic crop worldwide, often goes to waste due to improper packaging and handling. In the present study, three types of low-density polyethylene nanocomposite films containing 3% clay (Closite 20A), 3% TiO2 nanoparticles, and their combination were synthesized using melt blending method, and evaluated on the quality parameters of tomato fruit during 42 days of storage at 4 °C.

Results

Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the degree of dispersion and exfoliation of the nanoparticles. The TiO2/clay-nanocomposite films exhibited notable enhancements in Young's modulus and tensile strength compared to conventional films. The addition of clay and TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in reduced permeability to CO2, O2, and water vapor. Fruits packed with clay/TiO2 nanocomposite films showed decreased ethylene production, mitigated weight loss, and maintained pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and firmness. Furthermore, clay/TiO2 nanocomposite films enhanced membrane stability, decreased membrane lipid peroxidation, and enhanced catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity in fruits.

Conclusions

The relatively good exfoliation of clay nanoparticles and the proper dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles, which were confirmed by TEM, led to an increase in mechanical and physical properties in the Clay/TiO2 nanocomposite. This film displayed more potential in maintaining the quality properties of tomato fruit during cold storage. Therefore, this film can be considered a practical solution for minimizing pathogen risks and contamination, and enhancing the overall quality of tomato fruit.
Sugammadex use in pediatric patients with stage IV-V chronic kidney disease in a quaternary referral hospital: a case series
Authors: Samba Sindhu N. , Daklallah Youssef , Brown Sydney E. S. , Colquhoun Douglas A. , Modi Zubin J. , Nause-Osthoff Rebecca
Published: June 2024

Background

Sugammadex is a pharmacologic agent that provides rapid reversal of neuromuscular blockade via encapsulation of the neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA). The sugammadex-NMBA complex is primarily cleared through glomerular filtration from the kidney, raising the possibility that alterations in renal function could affect its elimination. In pediatric patients, the benefits of sugammadex have led to widespread utilization; however, there is limited information on its application in pediatric renal impairment. This study examined sugammadex use and postoperative outcomes in pediatric patients with severe chronic renal impairment at our quaternary pediatric referral hospital.

Methods

After IRB approval, we performed a retrospective analysis in pediatric patients with stage IV and V chronic kidney disease who received sugammadex from January 2017 to March 2022. Postoperative outcomes studied included new or increased respiratory requirement, unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission, postoperative pneumonia, anaphylaxis, and death within 48 h postoperatively, unplanned deferral of intraoperative extubation, and repeat administrations of NMBA reversal after leaving the operating room.

Results

The final cohort included 17 patients ranging from 8 months to 16 years old. One patient required new postoperative noninvasive ventilation on postoperative day 2, which was credited to hypervolemia. Another patient had bronchospasm intraoperatively resolving with medication, which could not definitively be associated sugammadex administration. There were no instances of deferred extubation, unplanned ICU or need for supplemental oxygen after tracheal extubation identified.

Conclusion

No adverse effects directly attributable to sugammadex in pediatric patients with severe renal impairment were detected. There may be a role for utilization of sugammadex for neuromuscular reversal in this population.
Validation of the Indian (Hindi) version of the life-space assessment scale among community-dwelling older adults: a multicentric cross-sectional study
Authors: Sahoo Durgesh Prasad , Sahoo Soumya Swaroop , Nirala Santosh Kumar , Rath Rama Shankar , Agarwal Neeraj , Panda Meely , Kakkar Rakesh , Pandey Sanjay , Singh C M , Joshi Hari Shanker , Nath Bhola
Published: June 2024

Background

The Life-Space Assessment (LSA) is an instrument that measures mobility in older adults as they reach different areas, defined as life-spaces extending from home to beyond towns or regions. The purpose of the study was to develop the Hindi version of the LSA (LSA- H) and to investigate the validity and reliability of the Hindi version as well as its cultural adaptation.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of two hundred forty-five older adults participated in the study from four different study practice areas. Following forward backwards translation, the LSA-H was developed, and the scores were correlated with those of the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale Hindi (ABC- H), the Physical Health Subscale of the WHO-BREF Questionnaire and the Geriatric Depression Scale: Short Form Hindi (GDS-SFH) to test the criterion and concurrent validity.

Results

The mean score and standard deviation of the LSA-H questionnaire were 56.53 ± 35.99, those of the Physical Health Subscale of the WHO-BREF instrument were 18.54 ± 7.87, those of the GDS-SFH questionnaire were 6.95 ± 4.21 and those of the ABC- H questionnaire were 54.40 ± 28.96. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between the LSA-H score and ABC-H score was 0.707 (p value < 0.0001), that between the LSA-H score and the Physical Health Subscale of the WHO-BREF was 0.766 (p value < 0.0001), and that between the LSA-H score and GDS-SFG score was − 0.674 (p value < 0.0001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that the Hindi version of the LSA is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing living space among older adults in the Hindi language in an Indian population. Furthermore, the LSA-H was significantly correlated with other health assessment tools in terms of functional mobility, general health status and mental well-being.
Early initiation of combined therapy in severely immunocompromised patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rotundo Salvatore , Berardelli Lavinia , Gullì Sara , La Gamba Valentina , Lionello Rosaria , Russo Alessandro , Trecarichi Enrico Maria , Torti Carlo
Published: June 2024

This single-centre retrospective cohort study reports on the results of a descriptive (non-comparative) retrospective cohort study of early initiation of antivirals and combined monoclonal antibody therapy (mAbs) in 48 severely immunocompromised patients with COVID-19. The study assessed the outcomes and the duration of viral shedding. The patients started early combined therapy (ECT) a median of 2 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 1–3 days) after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Except for 1 patient who died due COVID-19-related respiratory failure, patients had their first negative nasopharyngeal swab result after a median of 11 days (IQR: 6–17 days) after starting combined therapy. There were no reports of severe side effects. During a follow-up period of 512 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 413–575 days), 6 patients (12.5%) died and 16 (33.3%) were admitted to hospital. Moreover, 12 patients (25%) were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection a median of 245 days (IQR: 138–401 days) after starting combined treatment. No relapses were reported. Although there was no comparison group, these results compare favourably with the outcomes of severely immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 reported in the literature.
Development and validation of peritumoral vascular and intratumoral radiomics to predict pathologic complete responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Xie Tianwen , Gong Jing , Zhao Qiufeng , Wu Chengyue , Wu Siyu , Peng Weijun , Gu Yajia
Published: June 2024

Background

To develop and validate a peritumoral vascular and intratumoral radiomics model to improve pretreatment predictions for pathologic complete responses (pCRs) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NAC) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods

A total of 282 TNBC patients (93 in the primary cohort, 113 in the validation cohort, and 76 in The Cancer Imaging Archive [TCIA] cohort) were retrospectively included. The peritumoral vasculature on the maximum intensity projection (MIP) from pretreatment DCE-MRI was segmented by a Hessian matrix-based filter and then edited by a radiologist. Radiomics features were extracted from the tumor and peritumoral vasculature of the MIP images. The LASSO method was used for feature selection, and the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier was trained and validated to build a predictive model. The diagnostic performance was assessed using the ROC analysis.

Results

One hundred of the 282 patient (35.5%) with TNBC achieved pCRs after NAC. In predicting pCRs, the combined peritumoral vascular and intratumoral model (fusion model) yields a maximum AUC of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75, 0.88) in the primary cohort, a maximum AUC of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.76) in the internal validation cohort, and a maximum AUC of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.78) in TCIA cohort. The fusion model showed improved performance over the intratumoral model and the peritumoral vascular model, but not significantly (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

This study suggested that combined peritumoral vascular and intratumoral radiomics model could provide a non-invasive tool to enable prediction of pCR in TNBC patients treated with NAC.
Ultrasound contrast-enhanced radiomics model for preoperative prediction of the tumor grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: an exploratory study
Authors: Luo Yujie , Liu Xiaoling , Jia Yiping , Zhao Qin
Published: June 2024

Background

This study aims to explore machine learning(ML) methods for non-invasive assessment of WHO/ISUP nuclear grading in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) using contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) radiomics.

Methods

This retrospective study included 122 patients diagnosed as ccRCC after surgical resection. They were divided into a training set (n = 86) and a testing set(n = 36). CEUS radiographic features were extracted from CEUS images, and XGBoost ML models (US, CP, and MP model) with independent features at different phases were established. Multivariate regression analysis was performed on the characteristics of different radiomics phases to determine the indicators used for developing the prediction model of the combined CEUS model and establishing the XGBoost model. The training set was used to train the above four kinds of radiomics models, which were then tested in the testing set. Radiologists evaluated tumor characteristics, established a CEUS reading model, and compared the diagnostic efficacy of CEUS reading model with independent characteristics and combined CEUS model prediction models.

Results

The combined CEUS radiomics model demonstrated the best performance in the training set, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84, accuracy of 0.779, sensitivity of 0.717, specificity of 0.879, positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.905, and negative predictive value (NPV) of0.659. In the testing set, the AUC was 0.811, with an accuracy of 0.784, sensitivity of 0.783, specificity of 0.786, PPV of 0.857, and NPV of 0.688.

Conclusions

The radiomics model based on CEUS exhibits high accuracy in non-invasive prediction of ccRCC. This model can be utilized for non-invasive detection of WHO/ISUP nuclear grading of ccRCC and can serve as an effective tool to assist clinical decision-making processes.
Blocking CCR5 activity by maraviroc augmentation in post-stroke depression: a proof-of-concept clinical trial
Authors: Tene Oren , Molad Jeremy , Rotschild Ofer , Alpernas Aviva , Hawwari Muhamad , Seyman Estelle , Giladi Nir , Hallevi Hen , Assayag Einor Ben
Published: June 2024

Background

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a significant impediment to successful rehabilitation and recovery after a stroke. Current therapeutic options are limited, leaving an unmet demand for specific and effective therapeutic options. Our objective was to investigate the safety of Maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist, as a possible mechanism-based add-on therapeutic option for PSD in an open-label proof-of-concept clinical trial.

Methods

We conducted a 10-week clinical trial in which ten patients with subcortical and cortical stroke, suffering from PSD. were administered a daily oral dose of 300 mg Maraviroc. Participants were then monitored for an additional eight weeks. The primary outcome measure was serious treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and TEAEs leading to discontinuation. The secondary outcome measure was a change in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).

Results

Maraviroc was well tolerated, with no reports of serious adverse events or discontinuations due to intolerance. The MADRS scores substantially reduced from baseline to week 10 (mean change: -16.4 ± 9.3; p < 0.001). By the conclusion of the treatment phase, a favorable response was observed in five patients, with four achieving remission. The time to response was relatively short, approximately three weeks. After the cessation of treatment, MADRS scores increased at week 18 by 6.1 ± 9.6 points (p = 0.014).

Conclusions

Our proof-of-concept study suggests that a daily dosage of 300 mg of Maraviroc may represent a well-tolerated and potentially effective pharmacological approach to treating PSD. Further comprehensive placebo-controlled studies are needed to assess the impact of Maraviroc augmentation on PSD.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05932550, Retrospectively registered: 28/06/2023.
Use of contraception during first sexual intercourse among Norwegian adolescents: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Nordhagen Live Solveig , Egge Hilde , Leonhardt Marja
Published: June 2024

Background

Most Norwegian adolescents experience their first sexual intercourse during late adolescence. Use of contraception is important to avoid unwanted pregnancy, while condoms can also protect against sexually transmitted diseases. There are few studies on the use of contraception at first sexual intercourse, most with varying results, and some studies have only examined the use of contraception among girls. In our study, we aimed to determine the use of contraception at first sexual intercourse, and to investigate associations between use of contraceptives at first sexual intercourse, sociodemographic factors, and alcohol and other substance use.

Methods

The study was based on data from the national electronic youth survey Ungdata, conducted in 2020–2022 among 113 049 upper secondary pupils (15–19 years) in Norway, which was around 65% of pupils attending upper secondary school during the study period. Descriptive analysis was used to estimate the prevalence of contraceptive use at first sexual intercourse, and multivariate logistic regression analyses to investigate the association between contraceptive use, sociodemographic factors, and alcohol intoxication and substance use.

Result

32% of Norwegian adolescents did not use contraception at first sexual intercourse. More girls (57.4%) than boys (42.6%) reported use of contraception. Factors associated with non-use of contraception during first sexual intercourse among boys were having parents with no college /university education (OR = 1.22: CI 1.13–1.32), perceived poor family finances (OR = 1.22: CI 1.06–1.40), alcohol intoxication, and use of cannabis or other narcotic substances during the past 12 months. The same factors were associated with non-use of contraception among girls. Additionally, being older than 16 years (OR = 1.13: CI 1.06–1.19) was also associated with non-use of contraception at first sexual intercourse.

Conclusion

Many adolescents did not use contraception at first sexual intercourse. Alcohol intoxication and use of cannabis or other narcotic substances were associated with a lower likelihood of using contraceptives. This highlights the importance of preventive efforts including earlier prevention education that focuses more on the consequences of not using contraception in order to prevent unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.
Lost years, mortality burden: the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on premature death due to road traffic accidents in a northern state in Malaysia
Authors: Supramaniam Premaa , Junus Suria , Hashim Lina , Chiew Shoen Chuen , Devesahayam Philip Rajan
Published: June 2024

Background

This study addresses the persistent global burden of road traffic fatalities, particularly in middle-income countries like Malaysia, by exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Road Traffic Accident (RTA) fatalities in Perak state, Malaysia, with a secondary focus on applying Years of Life Lost (YLL) to understand the implications of these premature deaths.

Methodology

The cross-sectional study retrospectively reviewed certified RTA fatalities from 2018 to 2021, individually counting fatalities in accidents and excluding cases with incomplete death profiles. Data were collected from all Forensic Departments in the government hospitals in Perak. RTA fatalities were confirmed by medical officers/physicians following established procedures during routine procedures. A total of 2517 fatal accident and victim profiles were transcribed into data collection form after reviewing death registration records and post-mortem reports. Inferential analyses were used for comparison between pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic. The standard expected YLL was calculated by comparing the age of death to the external standard life expectancy curve taking into consideration of age and gender in Malaysia.

Results

This study included 2207 (87.7%) of the RTA fatalities in Perak State. The analysis revealed a decreasing trend in RTA deaths from 2018 to 2021, with a remarkable Annual Percent Change (APC) of -25.1% in 2020 compared to the pre-pandemic year in 2019 and remained stable with lower APC in 2021. Comparison between pre-pandemic (2018–2019) and pandemic years (2020–2021) revealed a difference in the fatality distribution with a median age rise during the pandemic (37.7 (IQR: 22.96, 58.08) vs. 41.0 (IQR: 25.08, 61.00), p = 0.002). Vehicle profiles remained consistent, yet changes were observed in the involvement of various road users, where more motorcycle riders and pedestrian were killed during pandemic (p = 0.049). During pandemic, there was a decline in vehicle collisions, but slight increase of the non-collision accidents and incidents involving pedestrians/animals (p = 0.015). A shift in accident from noon till midnight were also notable during the pandemic (p = 0.028). YLL revealed differences by age and gender, indicating a higher YLL for females aged 30–34 during the pandemic.

Conclusion

The decline in RTA fatalities during COVID-19 pandemic underscores the influence of pandemic-induced restrictions and reduced traffic. However, demographic shifts, increased accident severity due to risky behaviors and gender-specific impacts on YLL, stress the necessity for improved safety interventions amidst evolving dynamics.
The “supercompensation” effect of children’s lockdown during COVID-19: based on the analysis of changes in physical activity, sleep, and psychology
Authors: Li Yunong , Zhao Guanggao , Su Liqiang , Fu Jinmei , Sun Shunli , Chen Ruiming , Chen Delong , Hu Xuewen , Jiang Tianle , Shen Fanchao
Published: June 2024

Objective

To investigate the “supercompensation” effect of preschoolers during the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown by comparing the changes in physical activity (PA), psychological, and sleep indicators before and after the lockdown.

Methods

A total of 127 children (aged 3–6 years) were recruited. Before and after the lockdown, the children’s PA levels were measured using the ActiGraph GT3X+, and their psychological and sleep indicators were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ), respectively.

Results

Regarding PA, the children’s total physical activity, low-intensity physical activity, and medium-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were higher after the lockdown than before the lockdown, with significant differences in MVPA (p < 0.05). Regarding psychology, the children’s SDQ and multidimensional scores were better after the lockdown than before the lockdown, with a significant difference in SDQ scores (p < 0.05). Regarding sleep, the children’s CSHQ scores were better after the lockdown than before the lockdown, with a highly significant difference in CSHQ scores (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

After lockdown, children’s PA, psychological, and sleep effects were “supercompensated.” In particular, the PA of preschoolers before, during, and after the lockdown may show a “baseline-inhibition-supercompensation” process.