bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The trade‐off between the light‐harvesting and photoprotective functions of fucoxanthin‐chlorophyll proteins dominates light acclimation in Emiliania huxleyi (clone CCMP 1516)
Authors: McKew Boyd A. , Davey Phillip , Finch Stewart J. , Hopkins Jason , Lefebvre Stephane C. , Metodiev Metodi V. , Oxborough Kevin , Raines Christine A. , Lawson Tracy , Geider Richard J.
Published: June 2013

Mechanistic understanding of the costs and benefits of photoacclimation requires knowledge of how photophysiology is affected by changes in the molecular structure of the chloroplast.

We tested the hypothesis that changes in the light dependencies of photosynthesis, nonphotochemical quenching and PSII photoinactivation arises from changes in the abundances of chloroplast proteins in Emiliania huxleyi strain CCMP 1516 grown at 30 (Low Light; LL) and 1000 (High Light; HL) μmol photons m−2 s−1 photon flux densities.

Carbon‐specific light‐saturated gross photosynthesis rates were not significantly different between cells acclimated to LL and HL. Acclimation to LL benefited cells by increasing biomass‐specific light absorption and gross photosynthesis rates under low light, whereas acclimation to HL benefited cells by reducing the rate of photoinactivation of PSII under high light. Differences in the relative abundances of proteins assigned to light‐harvesting (Lhcf), photoprotection (LI818‐like), and the photosystem II (PSII) core complex accompanied differences in photophysiology: specifically, Lhcf:PSII was greater under LL, whereas LI818:PSII was greater in HL.

Thus, photoacclimation in E. huxleyi involved a trade‐off amongst the characteristics of light absorption and photoprotection, which could be attributed to changes in the abundance and composition of proteins in the light‐harvesting antenna of PSII.
Does Output Gap, Labour's Share or Unemployment Rate Drive Inflation?
Authors: Lanne Markku , Luoto Jani
Published: June 2013

We propose a new methodology for ranking in probability the commonly proposed drivers of inflation in the new Keynesian model. The approach is based on Bayesian model selection among restricted vector autoregressive (VAR) models, each of which embodies only one or none of the candidate variables as the driver. Simulation experiments suggest that our procedure is superior to the previously used conventional pairwise Granger causality tests in detecting the true driver. Empirical results lend little support to labour share, output gap or unemployment rate as the driver of US inflation.
Widespread Pain in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Birley Thomas , Goebel Andreas
Published: June 2013

Objectives

Our goal was to ascertain the prevalence of widespread pain in our cohort of patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical letters and notes. We assessed data from consecutive patients diagnosed with CRPS according to the Budapest criteria, after a referral to one consultant at a tertiary Pain Medicine referral center.

Results

Between July 2007 and September 2012, 190 patients (149 females) received a diagnosis of CRPS according to the Budapest criteria, and an additional 26 patients received the diagnosis of CRPS NOS (not otherwise specified). The CRPS patients were an average of 44 years of age, and had a median disease duration of 18 months. Before the CRPS incident trigger, a third had already experienced other than everyday pains in the now CRPS‐affected limb. Twenty‐one patients (11.1%) experienced widespread pain in clinic, which was often not communicated in the referral letters. The types of triggering traumata and frequencies of Budapest signs and symptoms did not differ between patients with or without widespread pain. All patients considered their widespread pain as an important factor affecting their quality of life; for the majority it was of similar severity to the CRPS pain. Additional patients reported CRPS‐concomitant regional pains, most commonly headaches/migraines, lower back pain, and irritable bowel syndrome.

Discussion

In this systematic assessment of the incidence of widespread pain in a large cohort of patients with CRPS, important widespread pain affected > 10% of patients. Our data support the inclusion of routine enquiries about additional pains in the clinical assessment of patients with CRPS.
Caveats for Causal Interpretations of Linear Regression Coefficients for Fine Particulate (PM2.5) Air Pollution Health Effects
Authors: (Tony) Cox Louis Anthony
Published: June 2013

Recent linear regression analyses have concluded that decreasing levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution have increased life expectancy in the United States. These findings have left unresolved questions about the causal relation between reductions in PM2.5 levels and changes in cause‐specific (especially, cardiovascular disease, CVD) mortality risks. Their robustness (e.g., sensitivity to deletion of a single data point) has also been questioned. We investigate these issues in the National Mortality and Morbidity Air Pollution Study database. Comparing changes in PM2.5 levels and cause‐specific mortality rates for elderly people in 24 cities between two periods separated by a decade (1987–1989 and 1999–2000) shows that reductions in PM2.5 were significantly associated with increases in respiratory mortality rates and with decreases in CVD mortality rates. CVD and all‐cause mortality risks fell equally for all months of the year over this period, but average PM2.5 levels increased significantly for winter months. This casts doubts on the causal interpretation that declines in PM2.5 over the decade caused reduced short‐term mortality risks. Nonlinear regression suggests that reduced or negative marginal health benefits are associated with reductions of PM2.5 below 1999–2000 levels (about 15 μg/m3). Such nonlinear relations imply that risk communication statements that project a constant incremental reduction in mortality risks per unit reduction in PM2.5 do not adequately reflect the realistic possibility of nonlinear exposure‐response relations and diminishing returns to further exposure reductions.
CCR6/CCL20 Chemokine Expression Profile in Distinct Colorectal Malignancies
Authors: Frick V. O. , .Rubie C. , Kölsch K. , Wagner M. , Ghadjar P. , Graeber S. , Glanemann M.
Published: June 2013

Originally, chemokines and their G‐protein‐coupled receptors were described to regulate multiple physiological functions, particularly tissue architecture and compartment‐specific migration of white blood cells. Now, it is established that the chemokine/chemokine receptor system is also used by cancer cells for migration and metastatic spread. Here, we examined the relative levels of CC‐chemokine CCL20 and its corresponding receptor CCR6 in resection specimens from patients with different malignant and non‐malignant colorectal diseases as well as in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). CCL20/CCR6 mRNA and protein expression profiles were assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in resection specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 15), colorectal adenoma (CRA, n = 15), colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC, n = 61) and colorectal liver metastases (CRLM, n = 16). Corresponding non‐diseased tissues served as control. In contrast to UC tissues, the CCL20/CCR6 system showed a distinct upregulation in CRA, CRC and CRLM related to corresponding non‐affected tissues (P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, CRA, CRC and CRLM tissue samples displayed significantly higher protein amounts of CCL20 in comparison with UC specimens (P < 0.05, respectively). Our results strongly suggest an association between CCL20/CCR6 expression and the induction of CRA, CRC and the development of CRLM. Therefore, CCL20 and CCR6 may provide potential targets for novel treatment strategies of CRC.
Magnetic separation of encapsulated islet cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles
Authors: Mettler Esther , Trenkler Anja , Feilen Peter J. , Wiegand Frederik , Fottner Christian , Ehrhart Friederike , Zimmermann Heiko , Hwang Yong Hwa , Lee Dong Yun , Fischer Stefan , Schreiber Laura M. , Weber Matthias M.
Published: June 2013

Islet cell transplantation is a promising option for the restoration of normal glucose homeostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes. Because graft volume is a crucial issue in islet transplantations for patients with diabetes, we evaluated a new method for increasing functional tissue yield in xenogeneic grafts of encapsulated islets. Islets were labeled with three different superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles (SPIONs; dextran‐coated SPION, siloxane‐coated SPION, and heparin‐coated SPION). Magnetic separation was performed to separate encapsulated islets from the empty capsules, and cell viability and function were tested. Islets labeled with 1000 μg Fe/ml dextran‐coated SPIONs experienced a 69.9% reduction in graft volume, with a 33.2% loss of islet‐containing capsules. Islets labeled with 100 μg Fe/ml heparin‐coated SPIONs showed a 46.4% reduction in graft volume, with a 4.5% loss of capsules containing islets. No purification could be achieved using siloxane‐coated SPIONs due to its toxicity to the primary islets. SPION labeling of islets is useful for transplant purification during islet separation as well as in vivo imaging after transplantation. Furthermore, purification of encapsulated islets can also reduce the volume of the encapsulated islets without impairing their function by removing empty capsules.
Probabilistic Mistuning Assessment Using Nominal and Geometry Based Mistuning Methods
Authors: Beck Joseph A. , Brown Jeffrey M. , Slater Joseph C. , Cross Charles J.
Published: June 2013

Two deterministic mistuning models utilizing component mode synthesis methods are used in a Monte Carlo simulation to generate mistuned response distributions for a geometrically perturbed integrally bladed rotor. The first method, a frequency-perturbation approach with a nominal mode approximation used widely in academia and industry, assumes airfoil geometric perturbations alter only the corresponding modal stiffnesses while its mode shapes remain unaffected. The mistuned response is then predicted by a summation of the nominal modes. The second method, a geometric method utilizing non-nominal modes, makes no simplifying assumptions of the dynamic response due to airfoil geometric perturbations, but requires recalculation of each airfoil eigen-problem. A comparison of the statistical moments of the mistuned response distributions and prediction error is given for three different frequency ranges and engine order excitations. Further, the response distributions are used for a variety of design and testing scenarios to highlight impacts of the frequency-based approach inaccuracy. Results indicate the frequency-based method typically provides conservative response levels.
A Critical Evaluation of Turbulence Modeling in a Model Combustor
Authors: Jiang Leiyong
Published: June 2013

Based on the previous benchmark studies on combustion, scalar transfer, and radiation models, a critical evaluation of turbulence models in a propane-air diffusion flame combustor with interior and exterior conjugate heat transfers has been performed. Results obtained from six turbulence models are presented and compared in detail with a comprehensive database obtained from a series of experimental measurements. It is found that the Reynolds stress model (RSM), a second moment closure, is superior over the five popular eddy-viscosity two-equation models. Although the main flow patterns are captured by all six turbulence models, only the RSM is able to successfully predict the lengths of both recirculation zones and give fairly accurate predictions for mean velocity, temperature, CO2 and CO mole fractions, as well as turbulence kinetic energy in the combustor chamber. In addition, the realizable k-ε (Rk-ε) model illustrates better performance than four other two-equation models and can provide comparable results to those from the RSM for the configuration and operating conditions considered in the present study.
Mechanical Properties of Nanotextured Titanium Orthopedic Screws for Clinical Applications
Authors: Descamps Stephane , Awitor Komla O. , Raspal Vincent , Johnson Matthew B. , Bokalawela Roshan S. P. , Larson Preston R. , Doiron Curtis F.
Published: June 2013

In this work, we modified the topography of commercial titanium orthopedic screws using electrochemical anodization in a 0.4 wt% hydrofluoric acid solution to produce titanium dioxide nanotube layers. The morphology of the nanotube layers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the nanotube layers were investigated by screwing and unscrewing an anodized screw into several different types of human bone while the torsional force applied to the screwdriver was measured using a torque screwdriver. The range of torsional force applied to the screwdriver was between 5 and 80 cN·m. Independent assessment of the mechanical properties of the same surfaces was performed on simple anodized titanium foils using a triboindenter. Results showed that the fabricated nanotube layers can resist mechanical stresses close to those found in clinical situations.
Conceptual Mean-Line Design of Single and Twin-Shaft Oxy-Fuel Gas Turbine in a Semiclosed Oxy-Fuel Combustion Combined Cycle
Authors: Sammak Majed , Thorbergsson Egill , Grönstedt Tomas , Genrup Magnus
Published: June 2013

The aim of this study was to compare single- and twin-shaft oxy-fuel gas turbines in a semiclosed oxy-fuel combustion combined cycle (SCOC–CC). This paper discussed the turbomachinery preliminary mean-line design of oxy-fuel compressor and turbine. The conceptual turbine design was performed using the axial through-flow code luax-t, developed at Lund University. A tool for conceptual design of axial compressors developed at Chalmers University was used for the design of the compressor. The modeled SCOC–CC gave a net electrical efficiency of 46% and a net power of 106 MW. The production of 95% pure oxygen and the compression of CO2 reduced the gross efficiency of the SCOC–CC by 10 and 2 percentage points, respectively. The designed oxy-fuel gas turbine had a power of 86 MW. The rotational speed of the single-shaft gas turbine was set to 5200 rpm. The designed turbine had four stages, while the compressor had 18 stages. The turbine exit Mach number was calculated to be 0.6 and the calculated value of AN2 was 40 · 106 rpm2m2. The total calculated cooling mass flow was 25% of the compressor mass flow, or 47 kg/s. The relative tip Mach number of the compressor at the first rotor stage was 1.15. The rotational speed of the twin-shaft gas generator was set to 7200 rpm, while that of the power turbine was set to 4800 rpm. A twin-shaft turbine was designed with five turbine stages to maintain the exit Mach number around 0.5. The twin-shaft turbine required a lower exit Mach number to maintain reasonable diffuser performance. The compressor turbine was designed with two stages while the power turbine had three stages. The study showed that a four-stage twin-shaft turbine produced a high exit Mach number. The calculated value of AN2 was 38 · 106 rpm2m2. The total calculated cooling mass flow was 23% of the compressor mass flow, or 44 kg/s. The compressor was designed with 14 stages. The preliminary design parameters of the turbine and compressor were within established industrial ranges. From the results of this study, it was concluded that both single- and twin-shaft oxy-fuel gas turbines have advantages. The choice of a twin-shaft gas turbine can be motivated by the smaller compressor size and the advantage of greater flexibility in operation, mainly in the off-design mode. However, the advantages of a twin-shaft design must be weighed against the inherent simplicity and low cost of the simple single-shaft design.
Analysis of the Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Performance in Modern Diesel Engines
Authors: d'Ambrosio Stefano , Ferrari Alessandro , Spessa Ezio
Published: June 2013

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is extensively employed in diesel combustion engines to achieve nitrogen oxides emission targets. The EGR is often cooled in order to increase the effectiveness of the strategy, even though this leads to a further undesired impact on particulate matter and hydrocarbons. Experimental tests were carried out on a diesel engine at a dynamometer rig under steady-state speed and load working conditions that were considered relevant for the New European Driving Cycle. Two different shell and tube-type EGR coolers were compared, in terms of the pressure and temperature of the exhaust and intake lines, to evaluate thermal effectiveness and induced pumping losses. All the relevant engine parameters were acquired along EGR trade-off curves, in order to perform a detailed comparison of the two coolers. The effect of intake throttling operation on increasing the EGR ratio was also investigated. A purposely designed aging procedure was run in order to characterize the deterioration of the thermal effectiveness and verify whether clogging of the EGR cooler occurred. The EGR mass flow-rate dependence on the pressure and temperature upstream of the turbine as well as the pressure downstream of the EGR control valve was modeled by means of the expression for convergent nozzles. The restricted flow-area at the valve-seat passage and the discharge coefficient were accurately determined as functions of the valve lift.
Computer-Aided Engineering Approach for Parametric Investigation of Locked Plating Systems Design
Authors: Arnone Joshua C. , Sherif El-Gizawy A. , Crist Brett D. , Della Rocca Gregory J. , Ward Carol V.
Published: June 2013

The present paper presents an integrated computer-aided engineering (CAE) approach combining digital imaging, solid modeling, robust design methodology, and finite element analysis in order to conduct a parametric investigation of the design of locked plating systems. The present study allows for understanding the contributions of different design parameters on the biomechanics and reliability of these systems. Furthermore, the present approach will lead to exploration of optimum design parameters that will result in robust system performance. Three-dimensional surface models of cortical and cancellous femoral bone were derived via digital computed tomography (CT) image processing techniques and a medical imaging analysis program. A nine orthogonal array matrix simulation (L9) was conducted using finite element methods to study the effects of the various design parameters on plate performance. The introduced technique was demonstrated and experimentally verified on a case study using a Smith & Nephew PERI- LOC distal femur locking plate and a Synthes Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS).
Vacuum ultraviolet assessment of ionization temperature by space-resolved emission spectroscopy
Authors: Khater Mohamed A.
Published: June 2013

In this article, the electron ionization temperature in plasmas generated by 1064 nm laser pulses in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral range is evaluated as a function of the axial distance from a steel target surface using emission spectroscopy. The temperature was determined using the relative line intensities ratio of C II 90.41 nm and C III 97.7 nm spectral lines, applied to the Saha–Boltzmann equation. Ionization temperatures determined in this way changed from 33 900 K at the target surface to 26 800 K (2.92–2.31 eV) at 4.0 mm away from it. Large differences between the measured excitation and ionization temperatures suggest nonthermal equilibrium conditions between electrons and heavier ionic species. Based upon the results obtained from this and a previous study under the same operating conditions, the validity of the local thermal equilibrium condition in the plasmas investigated is presented and discussed.
ON GENERALIZED UNIVERSAL IRRATIONAL ROTATION ALGEBRAS AND ASSOCIATED STRONGLY IRREDUCIBLE OPERATORS
Authors: FANG JUNSHENG , JIANG CHUNLAN , LIN HUAXIN , XU FENG
Published: June 2013

We introduce a class of generalized universal irrational rotation C*-algebras Aθ, γ = C*(x, w) which is characterized by the relations w*w = ww* = 1, x*x = γ(w), xx* = γ(e-2πiθw), and xw = e-2πiθwx, where θ is an irrational number and γ(z) ∈ C(𝕋) is a positive function. We characterize tracial linear functionals, simplicity, and K-groups of Aθ, γ in terms of zero points of γ(z). We show that if Aθ, γ is simple then Aθ, γ is an A𝕋-algebra of real rank zero. We classify Aθ, γ in terms of θ and zero points of γ(z). Let Aθ = C*(u, v) be the universal irrational rotation C*-algebra with vu = e2πiθuv. Then C*(u + v) ≅ Aθ,|1+z|2. As an application, we show that C*(u + v) is a proper simple C*-subalgebra of Aθ which has a unique trace, K1(C*(u + v)) ≅ ℤ, and there is an order isomorphism of K0(C*(u + v)) onto ℤ + ℤθ. Moreover, C*(u + v) is a unital simple A𝕋-algebra of real rank zero. We also show that u + v is strongly irreducible relative to the hyperfinite type II 1 factor.
PREGARSIDE MONOIDS AND GROUPS, PARABOLICITY, AMALGAMATION, AND FC PROPERTY
Authors: GODELLE EDDY , PARIS LUIS
Published: June 2013

We define the notion of preGarside group slightly lightening the definition of Garside group so that all Artin–Tits groups are preGarside groups. This paper intends to give a first basic study on these groups. Firstly, we introduce the notion of parabolic subgroup, we prove that any preGarside group has a (partial) complemented presentation, and we characterize the parabolic subgroups in terms of these presentations. Afterwards we prove that the amalgamated product of two preGarside groups along a common parabolic subgroup is again a preGarside group. This enables us to define the family of preGarside groups of FC type as the smallest family of preGarside groups that contains the Garside groups and that is closed by amalgamation along parabolic subgroups. Finally, we make an algebraic and combinatorial study on FC type preGarside groups and their parabolic subgroups.
EVOLVING CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN GENETIC OSCILLATORS AND SWITCHES USING EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS
Authors: THOMAS SPENCER ANGUS , JIN YAOCHU
Published: June 2013

Although hypothesised there has been little investigation into how complex gene regulatory networks can evolve from simple regulatory motifs through modularisation, duplication and specialisation processes. In order to simulate natural evolution in a computational environment we evolve the connection between a genetic oscillator and a toggle switch motif using an evolutionary algorithm. We observe a connectivity preference between the motifs that is dependent on the coupling arrangement rather than on objective set-up. In addition, our results indicate the existence of a threshold in the connection parameters for the resulting dynamics for a specific coupling arrangement and objective set-up. We demonstrate that simple motifs can successfully be coupled through artificial evolution to form more complex, modular regulatory networks. These findings support, in principle, the above-mentioned hypothesis on evolutionary mechanisms in biological systems.
A WEIGHT INDEPENDENCE RESULT FOR QUATERNIONIC HECKE ALGEBRAS
Authors: TERRACINI LEA
Published: June 2013

Let p be a prime and B be a quaternion algebra indefinite over Q and ramified at p. We consider the space of quaternionic modular forms of weight k and level p∞, endowed with the action of Hecke operators. By using cohomological methods, we show that the p-adic topological Hecke algebra does not depend on the weight k. This result provides a quaternionic version of a theorem proved by Hida for classical modular forms; we discuss the relationship of our result to Hida's theorem in terms of Jacquet–Langlands correspondence.
DIRICHLET CONVOLUTION, BICYCLIC SEMIGROUP AND A BREAKING PROCESS
Authors: SCHWAB EMIL DANIEL
Published: June 2013

The paper deals with certain breaking processes using a compatible partition of a monoid. We introduce the broken Dirichlet convolution and the broken bicyclic semigroup. Both have a common origin and are introduced by the same elementary categorical construction.
THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF STRESS-RELATED PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CEREBRAL VENOUS BLOOD FLOW IN NEWBORN RATS ASSESSED BY DOCT
Authors: SEMYACHKINA-GLUSHKOVSKAYA OXANA V. , LYCHAGOV VLADISLAV V. , BIBIKOVA OLGA A. , SEMYACHKIN-GLUSHKOVSKIY IGOR A. , SINDEEV SERGEY S. , ZINCHENKO EKATERINA M. , KASSIM MOHHANAD M. , ALI AL-FATLE FATEMA , LEITH AL HASSANI , ULANOVA MARIA V. , TUCHIN VALERY V.
Published: June 2013

In experiments on newborn rats with stress-related intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) using Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) we have shown that latent stage of ICH (4 h after stress) is characterized by decrease of venous blood outflow and the loss of sensitivity of sagittal vein to vasoconstrictor effect of adrenaline. The incidence of ICH (24 h after stress) was accompanied by progression of early pathological changes in cerebral venous blood flow (CVBF) and development of venous insufficiency. Taking into consideration of this fact, we suggest that the suppression of CVBF related to the severity to the deleterious effect of stress on the brain hemodynamics in newborn rats. These facts allow us to conclude that the venous insufficiency with the loss of vasoconstrictor response to adrenaline is an informative and sensitive component of pattern of CVBF that can be important diagnostic criteria of risk of ICH development in newborns.
Folding and faulting in the Chalk at Dykes End, Bridlington Bay, East Yorkshire, resulting from reactivations of the Flamborough Head Fault Zone
Authors: Starmer I. C.
Published: June 2013

At Dykes End, Bridlington Bay, [National Grid Reference TA 216 692], a 200 m section of Chalk cliffs exposes folds with NW–SE-trending axes and north-eastward thrusting, accompanied by dome and basin structures in the foreshore, structures that are not exposed elsewhere in this region. The folding and thrusting resulted from transpression emanating from sinistral strike-slip reactivations of a right-hand bend, giving a local ESE–WNW trend, in the major E–W Langtoft Fault within the pre-Chalk basement just to the south. The northern side of the fault displaced westwards, underthrusting the Chalk cover which developed bedding-parallel shears, detachments, NW–SE axis folding, and thrusting north-eastwards. The underthrusting effects were localized and transient, ceasing as the strike-slip fault incised upwards through the Chalk.

Subsequent flexuring, on ENE–WSW axes, curved foreshore bedding and enhanced closures of the earlier non-cylindroidal folding, producing domes and basins, sporadically exposed in the foreshore. Here, they have been downfaulted in a graben that is tilted, with downthrow increasing southward (seaward) towards the Langtoft Fault.

Folding and faulting at Selwicks Bay, 4 km ENE, has been related to four deformation phases (‘D1–D4’). D1 produced gentle NNW–SSE folds and north-eastward shearing on bedding planes, comparable with the Dykes End cliff structures, and sinistral strike-slip movement on ESE–WNW faults, parallel to the Langtoft Fault. D2 was a tensional period. D3 produced E–W folds, comparable with the Dykes End cross-flexures, and D4 comprised extensional phases, comparable with the Dykes End faulting and graben development.
A Lower Palaeozoic inlier in Wharfedale, North Yorkshire, UK
Authors: Murphy P. J. , Warburton D.
Published: June 2013

An outcrop of steeply dipping, thinly bedded sandstone is described from an overflow channel of the River Wharfe near Appletreewick, North Yorkshire. This is the first bedrock exposure of Lower Palaeozoic rocks recorded from Wharfedale and a tentative correlation with the stratigraphy of the Craven inliers is proposed.
Pneumothorax following ERCP: Report of Two Cases with Different Pathophysiology
Authors: Neofytou Kyriakos , Petrou Athanasios , Savva Constantinos , Petrides Christos , Andreou Charalampos , Felekouras Evangelos , Loizou Sakis
Published: June 2013

In the last thirty years, the widespread use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has radically changed the management of patients with diseases of the extrahepatic biliary tract and pancreas. Pneumothorax is a rare complication of ERCP. We report two cases of pneumothorax following elective ERCP for ductal stone clearance. The first patient was a 45-year-old female, who developed respiratory distress, abdominal pain, and profoundly abdominal distention immediately after the procedure. Imaging studies revealed the presence of a right-side pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumoretroperitoneum. The second patient was a 94-year-old female, who developed tension pneumothorax with clinical signs of shock during the procedure. Imaging studies revealed the presence of a right-side pneumothorax without free air in the mediastinum and retroperitoneal space. The imaging findings suggest that the occurrence of this rare complication in our patients was caused by entirely different pathophysiological mechanisms. Both patients were successfully treated with chest tube insertion, and no further intervention was required. Clinicians should be aware of this serious complication because delayed diagnosis may involve significant morbidity and mortality risks.
Diurnal Characteristics of Ecosystem Respiration of Alpine Meadow on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Carbon Budget Estimation
Authors: Qin Yu , Yi Shuhua
Published: June 2013

Accurately estimating daily mean ecosystem respiration rate (Re) is important for understanding how ecosystem carbon budgets will respond to climate change. Usually, daily mean Re is represented by measurement using static chamber on alpine meadow ecosystems from 9:00 to 11:00 h a.m. local time directly. In the present study, however, we found that the calculated daily mean Re from 9:00 to 11:00 h a.m. local time was significantly higher than that from 0:00 to 23:30 h local time in an alpine meadow site, which might be caused by special climate condition on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicated that the calculated daily mean Re from 9:00 to 11:00 h a.m. local time cannot be used to represent daily mean Re directly.
Pattern Strabismus: Where Does the Brain's Role End and the Muscle's Begin?
Authors: Ghasia Fatema F. , Shaikh Aasef G.
Published: June 2013

Vertically incomitant pattern strabismus comprises 50% of infantile horizontal strabismus. The oblique muscle dysfunction has been associated with pattern strabismus. High-resolution orbit imaging and contemporary neurophysiology studies in non-human primate models of strabismus have shed light into the mechanisms of pattern strabismus. In this review, we will examine our current understanding of etiologies of pattern strabismus. Speculated pathophysiology includes oblique muscle dysfunction, loss of fusion with altered recti muscle pull, displacements and instability in connective tissue pulleys of the recti muscles, vestibular hypofunction, and abnormal neural connections. Orbital mechanical factors, such as abnormal pulleys, were reported as a cause of pattern strabismus in patients with craniofacial anomalies, connective tissue disorders, and late-onset strabismus. In contrast, abnormal neural connections could be responsible for the development of a pattern in infantile-onset strabismus. Pattern strabismus is likely multifactorial. Understanding the mechanisms of pattern strabismus is pivotal to determine an appropriate surgical treatment strategy for these patients.
Hybrid Projective Synchronization of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems with Time Delay
Authors: Yang Li-xin , Jiang Jun
Published: June 2013

The hybrid projective synchronization for fractional-order chaotic systems with time delay is investigated in this paper. On the basis of stability analysis of fractional-order systems and pole placement technique, a novel and general approach is proposed. The hybrid projective synchronization of fractional-order chaotic and hyperchaotic systems with time delay is achieved via designing an appropriate controller. Corresponding numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization scheme. Furthermore, the influence of the fractional order on the synchronization process is discussed. The result reveals that the fractional order has a significant effect on the synchronization speed.
Stabilization Strategies of Supply Networks with Stochastic Switched Topology
Authors: Li Shukai , Zhang Jianxiong , Tang Wansheng
Published: June 2013

In this paper, a dynamical supply networks model with stochastic switched topology is presented, in which the stochastic switched topology is dependent on a continuous time Markov process. The goal is to design the state-feedback control strategies to stabilize the dynamical supply networks. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions for the existence of state feedback control strategies are given in terms of matrix inequalities, which ensure the robust stability of the supply networks at the stationary states and a prescribedH∞disturbance attenuation level with respect to the uncertain demand. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Comparisons between Hygroscopic Measurements and UNIFAC Model Predictions for Dicarboxylic Organic Aerosol Mixtures
Authors: Lee Jae Young , Hildemann Lynn M.
Published: June 2013

Hygroscopic behavior was measured at 12°C over aqueous bulk solutions containing dicarboxylic acids, using a Baratron pressure transducer. Our experimental measurements of water activity for malonic acid solutions (0–10 mol/kg water) and glutaric acid solutions (0–5 mol/kg water) agreed to within 0.6% and 0.8% of the predictions using Peng’s modified UNIFAC model, respectively (except for the 10 mol/kg water value, which differed by 2%). However, for solutions containing mixtures of malonic/glutaric acids, malonic/succinic acids, and glutaric/succinic acids, the disagreements between the measurements and predictions using the ZSR model or Peng’s modified UNIFAC model are higher than those for the single-component cases. Measurements of the overall water vapor pressure for 50 : 50 molar mixtures of malonic/glutaric acids closely followed that for malonic acid alone. For mixtures of malonic/succinic acids and glutaric/succinic acids, the influence of a constant concentration of succinic acid on water uptake became more significant as the concentration of malonic acid or glutaric acid was increased.
Evaluation of Apical Microleakage in Open Apex Teeth Using MTA Apical Plug in Different Sessions
Authors: Yazdizadeh Mohammad , Bouzarjomehri Zeinab , Khalighinejad Navid , Sadri Leyli
Published: June 2013

Aim. To compare microleakage of apexification using MTA in one or two sessions.
Materials and Methods. 88 single rooted teeth were prepared and divided into two groups then received MTA apical plug. In the first group, the teeth were immersed in normal saline for 24 hours and then backfilled with guttapercha and AH26 sealer. In the second group, the teeth were obturated immediately after receiving apical plug. Four positive and four negative controls were selected. All specimens were placed in 1% methylene blue and decalcified in 5% nitric acid and finally were placed in methyl salicylate until getting transparent. All teeth were visualized for assessment of dye penetration under stereo dissecting microscope.
Results. 36 and 35 teeth showed dye leakage in the first and second groups. Dye penetration into the entire canal length was confirmed in the positive control group, and in the negative control group no dye penetration was seen. Mean dye penetration in the first and second group was 5813 and 9152 μm. -test revealed a significant difference between dye penetrations of two groups (). Conclusion. MTA requires adequate time for setting in the presence of the moisture, and final obturation should be delayed until final setting of MTA.
Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategy of Secondary Failure to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Monoclonal Antibody Treatment for Crohn's Disease
Authors: Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Kanai Takanori
Published: June 2013

It is not too much to say that infliximab has revolutionized the treatment of Crohn's disease. However, there is the problem of ‘secondary failure' wherein the effect may diminish during treatment. This is a much-discussed topic. For example, not all patients with secondary failure can maintain remission with dose intensification to 10 mg/kg. It is also important to make the appropriate drug selection and to clarify the optimal timing of dose intensification for achieving long-term maintenance of remission, including discussion of the first priority use of adalimumab.
Pulmonary Embolism in a Patient with Primary Renal Synovial Sarcoma: The Important Differential Diagnosis of Tumor Embolism and Its Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Schmid Sabine , Öhlschlegel Christian , Nagel Wolfgang , Zeisel Christoph , Müller Joachim , Rothermundt Christian
Published: June 2013

Pulmonary tumor embolism rarely occurs in epithelial-derived tumors, but it has been described in different tumor entities. Microscopic pulmonary tumor embolisms are often only discovered on autopsy. Pulmonary thromboembolism, on the other hand, is a frequent complication in cancer patients, and surgery in patients with a malignant tumor is an additional risk factor. The differential diagnosis between pulmonary thromboembolism and pulmonary tumor embolism can be challenging. In this case report, we describe the rare case of a patient with primary renal synovial sarcoma and the workup for a thrombus in the left pulmonary artery.
Two new species of the genus Neoseiulus Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Greece with re-description of Neoseiulus leucophaeus (Athias-Henriot)
Authors: STATHAKISIS THEODOROS I. , KAPAXIDI ELEFTHERIA V. , PAPADOULIS GEORGIOS TH.
Published: June 2013

Two new species, Neoseiulus elisiensis n. sp. and Neoseiulus neomarginatus n. sp., are described from Greece. Neoseiulus leucophaeus (Athias-Henriot) is re-described and illustrated based on specimens collected on Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl. A key to all species of the genus Neoseiulus Hughes reported from Greece is provided.
Description of the nymph of Massartella alegrettae Ulmer, 1943 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) with a key to Massartella Lestage, 1930 nymphs
Authors: SOUTO PAULA MALAQUIAS , DA-SILVA ELIDIOMAR RIBEIRO , NESSIMIAN JORGE LUIZ
Published: June 2013

The South American genus Massartella Lestage, 1930 is composed of five species. Massartella alegrettae Ulmer, 1943 is the only species with the nymph unknown. In this paper, we describe the nymph of M. alegrettae based on specimens from the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This is the first record of the species from southeastern Brazil. The nymph can be easily recognized by the gills present on segments I-V, with dark gray membrane and without apical processes.
Greenland Surface Mass Balance as Simulated by the Community Earth System Model. Part I: Model Evaluation and 1850–2005 Results
Authors: Vizcaíno Miren , Lipscomb William H. , Sacks William J. , van Angelen Jan H. , Wouters Bert , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: June 2013

The modeling of the surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) requires high-resolution models in order to capture the observed large gradients in the steep marginal areas. Until now, global climate models have not been considered suitable to model ice sheet SMB owing to model biases and insufficient resolution. This study analyzes the GIS SMB simulated for the period 1850–2005 by the Community Earth System Model (CESM), which includes a new ice sheet component with multiple elevation classes for SMB calculations. The model is evaluated against observational data and output from the regional model Regional Atmospheric Climate Model version 2 (RACMO2). Because of a lack of major climate biases, a sophisticated calculation of snow processes (including surface albedo evolution) and an adequate downscaling technique, CESM is able to realistically simulate GIS surface climate and SMB. CESM SMB agrees reasonably well with in situ data from 475 locations (r = 0.80) and output from RACMO2 (r = 0.79). The simulated mean SMB for 1960–2005 is 359 ± 120 Gt yr−1 in the range of estimates from regional climate models. The simulated seasonal mass variability is comparable with mass observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), with synchronous annual maximum (May) and minimum (August–September) and similar amplitudes of the seasonal cycle. CESM is able to simulate the bands of precipitation maxima along the southeast and northwest margins, but absolute precipitation rates are underestimated along the southeastern margin and overestimated in the high interior. The model correctly simulates the major ablation areas. Total refreezing represents 35% of the available liquid water (the sum of rain and melt).
On Bauckham’s Bargain
Authors: Tuggy Dale
Published: June 2013

Richard Bauckham argues that every book in the New Testament contains a “christology of divine identity,” according to which Jesus is “included in the divine identity.” He also argues that traditional Christians may avoid or dissolve a large number of theoretical problems by embracing this thesis. Here I clarify the concepts of personal identity, numerical identity, and identifying features, and critically examine Bauckham’s thesis and his arguments for it in light of these analyses. Of central importance is the self-evident truth that a thing cannot at one time differ from itself (the indiscernibility of identicals). It is argued that Bauckham’s thesis is unclear, and that on one interpretation it is manifestly self-inconsistent, while on the other it is too thin in content to do the work Bauckham assigns it, which is expressing “the highest possible christology.” I thus argue that the theoretical costs of Bauckham’s theory outweigh its theoretical benefits. Section I summarizes the touted benefits. Section II clarifies the aforementioned concepts. Section III applies these analyses to Bauckham’s work. In Section IV I weigh some reasons for thinking that the interpretation of Section III is mistaken. Section V continues the interpretive struggle, and VI draws a negative conclusion.
Hope: The Convergence and Divergence of Marxism and Liberation Theology
Authors: Zhixiong Li , Rowland Christopher
Published: June 2013

This article aims to explore the common grounds and the differences between Marxism and liberation theology, which both focus on “hope” as a convergence for profound dialogues. On the one hand, both in Marxism and in liberation theology, hope is firstly an orientation for a better quality of life within one’s lifetime than in the afterlife which is beyond the reaches of humankind. The eschatology, according to both Marxism and liberation theology, is a form of optimism in which “hope” plays a crucial role. Hope is oriented toward the liberation and freedom of the poor, the marginalized, the exploited, the oppressed, the insignificant, or the despised in capitalist society. Hope is a marvelous impetus for humankind to achieve the future success promised by both Marxism and liberation theology. The need of this impetus is due to the unfulfilled hope in capitalist societies where economic exploitation and political oppression have been sanctified by the capitalist system of private property. Although the actualization of hope is not yet witnessed as a fact but still an “as if” ideal, the belief both in Marxism and liberation theology is persistent on the realization of hope through human actions. So both their action and effort demonstrate the commitment to human rights and social justice.
Risk factors for postoperative complications in the elderly with lung cancer
Authors: Ogawa Fumihiro , Wang Guoqin , Matsui Yoshio , Hara Hidenori , Iyoda Akira , Satoh Yukitoshi
Published: June 2013

Background:

While surgery for elderly patients has become more common with the aging of populations, the relatively high frequency of postoperative complications prevents broad application. We retrospectively evaluated prognoses after surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer in patients older and younger than 75 years, to investigate whether age contributes to the risk of a poor outcome.

Patients and methods:

From January 1998 to September 2009, 727 patients underwent curative resection for non-small-cell lung cancer in our department; 119 were over 75-years old (group 1) and 608 (group 2) were aged less than 75 years.

Results:

The rates of postoperative complications (49% in group 1 and 40% in group 2) were not significantly different. Age conferred no significant risk, with an odds ratio of 1.129, whereas smoking, blood loss during surgery, and lymph node dissection exhibited significant associations. Those aged over 75 years had a 1.9-fold higher risk of mortality ( p < 0.01), but significance did not extend to disease-specific survival ( p = 0.117).

Conclusions:

Postoperative complications in elderly non-small-cell lung cancer patients are dependent on factors such as smoking, blood loss during surgery, and lymph node dissection, but not age. Elderly patients should not be considered ineligible for surgical treatment due to their age alone.
L’impact de la téléprésence dans une publicité en ligne sur la formation de l’attitude à l’égard du produit : pertinence de l’approche traditionnelle par l’expérience
Authors: Debbabi Sana , Baile Serge , des Garets Véronique , Roehrich Gilles
Published: June 2013

Résumé

Cette étude propose un modèle conceptuel décrivant l’effet de la téléprésence dans une publicité en ligne sur le processus de formation de l’attitude à l’égard du produit. L’approche expérientielle traditionnelle constitue le cadre de référence de cette recherche. Le modèle proposé formule deux processus interdépendants de formation de l’attitude en situation de téléprésence : le premier est cognitif, le second est affectif. Ce modèle est mis à l’épreuve du terrain au moyen d’une quasi-expérimentation. Les résultats valident les hypothèses de causalités directes et indirectes entre les composantes des deux processus. Enfin, leur analyse permet d’effectuer un diagnostic conceptuel et de formuler, en conclusion, des recommandations.
Hepatitis C: The case against routine partner notification
Authors: Poll R
Published: June 2013

This review article outlines the salient points relating to the advantages and disadvantages around partner notification for hepatitis C testing.
Collagen hydrolysate inhibits zymosan-induced inflammation
Authors: Hartog Anita , Cozijnsen Miranda , de Vrij Gerrit , Garssen Johan
Published: June 2013

During the past years, evidence accumulated showing that glycine comprises anti-inflammatory activities. These effects occur, at least in part, via the activation of glycine-gated chloride channels (GlyR). Glycine is one of the major structural units of collagen, making up about 30% of the amino acids. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of collagen hydrolysate (CH) using the zymosan-induced ear-skin inflammation mouse model. After oral intake of 12.5, 25 or 50 mg CH the plasma levels of glycine increased in a concentration-dependent manner. CH was able to counteract zymosan-induced ear-skin inflammation locally (ear swelling) as well as systemically (IL-6 production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood cells). The LPS-stimulated IL-6 production in whole blood correlated positively with the ear swelling response. This correlation was abolished by strychnine (a glycine receptor antagonist), indicating the involvement of GlyR. Collectively, these data show that CH is able to modulate inflammatory responses both locally as well as systemically. This effect might be constituted by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production via GlyR.