bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal evolution impact on Montepulciano grape ripening
Authors: Lanari Vania , Zacconi Filippo Maria , Illuminati Saverio , Gigli Lorenzo , Canullo Gianfranco , Lattanzi Tania , Dottori Edoardo , Silvestroni Oriana
Published: January 2022

In an environmental background characterized by climate change, the seasonal trend increasingly affects the qualitative and quantitative expression of the vineyards. The sugar concentration, titratable acidity, the ratio sugar/acids and yield were related with heat accumulation (growing degree days accumulation), calculated in different period of grapevine cycle. The 21.5 °Babo threshold has been reached by Montepulciano grapes in the various years (2007-2019) even with 40 days difference. Over a period of 13 years, the sugar of Montepulciano grapes was influenced by thermal evolution between March to July. The relationship with high coefficient determination (R2 0.74) was obtained between heat accumulation and titratable acidity. According to this forecasting model, increases in heat accumulation of 100 degree-days in the period from March to June correspond to a reduction of about 0.85 g/l of acidity of the must at the harvest associated with an increase of 0.75 degree-days in the ratio between sugars and acids. The thermal evolution between June and July was correlated with yield of Montepulciano, an increase of 100 degree-days is associated with a decrease of about 1.86 t/ha. The thermal evolution between March and July is crucial for yield and grape quality of Montepulciano.
A low-cost phenological station as a support tool for viticulture
Authors: Zorer Roberto
Published: January 2022

A new prototype of phenological station is presented. It is based on the Raspberry Pi zero W single board computer for collecting and sending images via WiFi, and on the Arduino MKR WAN 1300 microcontroller to measure both air temperature and relative humidity, leaf wetness, and for sending data through the LoRaWAN protocol (Long Range and Wide Area Network). The components are soldered on a customized printed circuit board (PCB), called Raspberrino. The device also consists of a realtime clock and power management board (Witty Pi 3 Mini) to schedule ON/OFF sequences with a simple script, and finally, as an option, a photovoltaic panel, battery and voltage regulator to provide autonomous power supply. Some parts have been obtained by 3D printing. The prototype has been installed in an experimental vineyard and has met the expectations and it will be used for the creation of an experimental network, that will provide data and images, useful for a proper vineyard’s management and for the implementation of phenology models. New technologies make it possible to create innovative tools in a short time and at low cost to match an increased need for precise crop management.
Preparation of ZnO-GO nanocomposites and their properties
Authors: Jin Caifeng , Cheng Yuqing , Liu Wenbin , Lv Yuguang
Published: January 2022

ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method. The modified Hummer process was then used to prepare go. The ZnO-GO com posites were then mixed to produce different ratios of ZnO-GO, characteris ed and their photocatalytic properties were investigated using rhodamine B as the target degradation species. The results showed that the degradation r ates of rhodamine B were 41.96% and 84.42% for the nano-ZnO and ZnO-GO 7% composites, respectively, when illuminated with xenon light for 36 0 min. The improved photocatalytic activity of composite materials is prim arily due to the introduction of appropriate amount of GO, which could ra pidly capture and transfer to the photogenerated electrons, and could load more ZnO and prevent the agglomeration of ZnO particles, increasing the s pecific surface area of ZnO and its activation point, as well as increasing th e adsorption of pollutants on the ZnO surface and improving the photocatal ytic efficiency.
A two-stage inexact programming with value-at-risk for water resources management
Authors: Kong Xiangming , Wang Donglin , Wang Chunxiao , Wang Yu , Yao Xiufeng , Liu Xiaoming
Published: January 2022

In this study, the application of a two-stage inexact programming with value-at-risk (TIPV) model in water resources system planning has been developed. The TIPV method is intended to tackle the inexact parameters and the risks of economic loss. The application of case study shows that more alternatives under multiple levels of risks could be generated. The amount of water shortages and the width of system benefit intervals would decrease as the risk increases. TIPV could provide more effective information for stakeholders to recognize social policies with maximized system benefits under various risk levels.
Experimental investigation of hybrid plasma reactor for duplex surface treatment
Authors: Alim Mohamed Mounes , Oudini Noureddine , Tadjine Rabah
Published: January 2022

This work investigates a hybrid plasma reactor designed for duplex surface treatment. This reactor consists of the combination of two plasma sources: namely, an inductive plasma source, for the activation of the surface by nitriding, and a magnetron cathode, for the deposition of titanium layer. Electrostatic probes and a Retarding Field Energy Analyzer probe (RFEA) are used to characterize plasma parameters such as ion density, electron temperature, plasma potential, ion current density, and the Ion Energy Distribution Function (IEDF). These parameters are monitored as a function of the injected radiofrequency power and the gas pressure. Our results show that these electrical parameters vary according to the parameters of the discharge. This characterization allows us to identify the optimal conditions for the targeted application and to ensure the reproducibility of thin film properties when moving from a research plasma reactor to an industrial one.
DONJON5/CLASS coupled simulations of MOX/UO2 heterogeneous PWR core
Authors: Paradis Maxime , Doligez Xavier , Marleau Guy , Ernoult Marc , Thiollière Nicolas
Published: January 2022

Most fuel cycle simulation tools are based either on fixed recipes or assembly calculations for reactor modeling. Due to the high number of calculations and extensive computational power requirements, full-core computations are often seen as not viable for this purpose. However, this leads to additional hypotheses and modeling biases, thus limiting the realism of the resulting fuel cycle. For several applications, the current modeling method is sufficient, but precise calculations of discharged fuel composition may require further refinements. CLASS (Core Library for Advanced Simulation Scenarios) is a dynamic fuel cycle simulation code developed since 2012 with reactor models based on neural networks to produce nuclear data and physical quantities. Past work has shown a first coupling between CLASS and DONJON5 to quantify neural networks approach biases. This work assesses the applicability of 3D full-core diffusion calculations using the DONJON5 code coupled with nuclear scenario simulations involving a realistic PWR core at equilibrium cycle conditions. DONJON5 interpolates burnup dependent diffusion coefficients and cross sections generated beforehand by DRAGON5, a deterministic lattice calculation tool. Whereas previous studies considered only homogeneous reactors (i.e. homogeneous assembly in terms of composition and enrichment as well as homogeneous core), the present contribution focuses on the integration of full-core calculations in CLASS for fuel cycles involving a MOX/UO2 PWR core (i.e. 1/3 MOx–2/3 UOx). The DONJON5 model considered in this work describes a core with critical boron concentration at each time step partially loaded with MOx heterogeneous assemblies composed of three enrichments. In fuel cycle calculations, the main issue is to adapt, in the fabrication stage, the fresh fuel composition for the reactor with regards to the isotopic composition of the available stocks. This work presents a fuel loading model based on power peaking factors minimization that respects irradiation cycle length, 235U enrichment as well as Pu concentration and fissile quality, hence, ensuring a more uniform power distribution in the core.
Stable reverse bias or integrated bypass diode in HIP‑MWT+ solar cells
Authors: Schweigstill Tadeo , Spribille Alma , Huyeng Jonas D. , Clement Florian , Glunz Stefan W.
Published: January 2022

The Metal Wrap Through+ (HIP-MWT+) solar cell is based on the PERC concept but features two additional electrical contacts, namely the Schottky contact between p-type Si bulk and Ag n-contact and the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) contact on the rear side of the cell below the n-contact pads. To prevent thermal hotspots under reverse bias, both contacts shall either restrict current flow or allow a homogenous current flow at low voltage. In this work we present both options. First the stable reverse bias characteristics up to −15 V with a MIS contact using industrially manufactured SiON passivation and second, an integrated by-pass diode using AlOX as insulator in the passivation stack allowing current flows at approximately Vrev = –3.5 V depending on the chosen screen-print paste. The examined Schottky contacts break down at around Vrev = –2.5 V. Reverse bias testing of the cells reveals a solid performance of the cells under reverse bias and an average conversion efficiency of η = 21.2% (AlOX) and η = 20.7% (SiON), respectively.
Comparative study of nuclear post-accident management doctrines in Europe and North America
Authors: Bertho J.-M. , Gabillaud-Poillion F. , Reuter C. , Riviere O.
Published: January 2022

The French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) issued in 2012 a first version of a doctrine establishing the principles of management of a post-accidental situation following a major nuclear accident. Since this publication, the feedback of the Fukushima-Daiichi accident continued and numerous evolutions occurred, both in French and European regulations and in international recommendations from IAEA and ICRP. This had led to further developments in the French doctrine for management of a post-accidental situation. This will result in the publication of a new version of the French doctrine next year. This evolution also prompted questioning about the existence of such doctrines in other countries, especially in neighboring countries. It appeared also interesting to evaluate the agreement of these doctrines, including the French one, with international recommendations, especially the recently published general safety requirements (GSR), part 11, from IAEA. A benchmark study comparing the different post-accidental management doctrines available was then conducted and is presented here.
Komplexitätssteigerung medizinischer Entscheidungssituationen – Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung erkennen und gestalten
Authors: Büchner Stefanie , Marschollek Michael , Foadi Nilufar
Published: January 2022

Die Chancen und Grenzen der Digitalisierung für medizinische Entscheidungssituationen werden bislang stark in Bezug auf die Potenziale einzelner Technologien und digitaler Tools diskutiert. Im Anschluss an soziologische Perspektiven, die medizinisches Entscheiden als sozial eingebettet und hybrid verstehen, zeigen wir zentrale strukturelle Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung in klinischen Entscheidungssituationen auf und entwickeln Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis. Gelingt es, strukturelle Herausforderung der Digitalisierung positiv zu bewältigen, eröffnen sich nachhaltige Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung medizinischer Entscheidungssituationen durch Digitalisierung. Mit dieser integrativen Perspektive gelingt es, Engführungen auf einzelne Technologien und Idealisierungen von Entscheidungssituationen zu vermeiden, nichtintendierte Folgen zu antizipieren und Perspektiven für mittel- und langfristige Qualitätssteigerungen zu eröffnen.
Pulmonary Complications in Premature Infants Using a Beractant or Poractant for Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wong Kin Lok , Siu Kiu Lok
Published: January 2022

Objective Premature infants are at the risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Beractants and poractants are two commonly used natural surfactants. This retrospective cohort study aims to compare the incidence of pulmonary complications between beractant and poractant treatment groups.

Study Design This study evaluated 29 patients treated with beractant and 49 patients treated with poractant. The primary outcome was the incidence of air leak syndrome (ALS) and pulmonary hemorrhage. Secondary outcomes included mortality and pulmonary outcomes, such as mechanical ventilation duration, oxygen dependence duration, fraction of inspired oxygen, and mean airway pressure (MAP) requirement. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for significant primary outcomes.

Results No significant difference was found in the demographics between the two groups. A significantly higher incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage was observed in the poractant group (14.3 vs. 0.0%, p = 0.038). The difference in the incidence of ALS between the groups was insignificant (p = 0.536). Logistic regression for the incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage identified coagulopathy as the only significant independent risk factor (odds ratio 39.855, 95% confidence interval [2.912–545.537]; p = 0.006). Secondary outcomes in both treatment groups were similar, except that patients in the poractant group had a higher MAP before surfactant therapy (9 vs. 8 cmH2O, p < 0.001).

Conclusion This study showed a significantly higher incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage in the poractant group. Coagulopathy was identified as an independent risk factor for pulmonary hemorrhage. Future long-term prospective studies are essential to establish the temporal and causal relationships between coagulopathy and pulmonary hemorrhage in premature infants receiving surfactant therapy for RDS; hence, there is the need for a screening protocol before surfactant administration.

Key Points
A Photoenzyme for Challenging Lactam Radical Cyclizations
Authors: Hyster Todd K. , Nicholls Bryce T. , Qiao Tianzhang
Published: January 2022

Reductive radical cyclizations are ubiquitous in organic synthesis and have been applied to the synthesis of structurally complex molecules. N-Heterocyclic motifs can be prepared through the cyclization of α-haloamides; however, slow rotation around the amide C–N bond results in preferential formation of an acyclic hydrodehalogenated product. Here, we compare four different methods for preparing γ-, δ-, ε-, and ζ-lactams via radical cyclization. We found that a photoenzymatic method using flavin-dependent ‘ene’ reductases affords the highest level of product selectivity. We suggest that through selective binding of the cis-amide isomer, the enzyme preorganizes the substrate for cyclization, helping to avoid premature radical termination.
Strategies for ortho-tert-Butylation of Phenols and their Analogues
Authors: Pettus Thomas R. R. , Chan Kazaf KC
Published: January 2022

A new general process for constructing ortho-tert-butyl phenols is presented within the context of other known methods. All are briefly evaluated with regards to regioselectivity, efficiency, and functional group tolerance. In addition, we present an assortment of tert-butyl substrates accessed through o-QM chemistry. Our conclusion is that the o-QM process provides greater yields, flexibility, and generality than most other known methods for delivering ortho-tert-buytlated phenols and their derivatives.

1 Introduction

2 Friedel–Crafts Alkylation

3 Addition of t-Bu– or t-Bu• to Carbonyl Compounds

4 ipso-SNAr Reactions of Aryl Methoxy and tert-Butylsulfoxide Moieties

5 Metal-Mediated Coupling of Aryl Bromides

6 Applications of o-Quinone Methides (o-QMs)

7 Conclusion
Current Applications of Ultrasound Imaging in the Preoperative Planning of DIEP Flaps
Authors: Perez-Iglesias Carolina Torres , Laikhter Elizabeth , Kang Christine O. , Nassar Amer H. , Maselli Amy M. , Cauley Ryan , Lee Bernard T.
Published: January 2022

Background The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap has become the gold standard for autologous breast reconstruction at many institutions. Although the deep inferior epigastric artery displays significant anatomic variability in its intramuscular course, branching pattern and location of perforating vessels, the ability to preoperatively visualize and map relevant vascular anatomy has increased the efficiency, safety and reliability of the DIEP flap. While computed tomography angiography (CTA) is often cited as the preoperative imaging modality of choice for perforator flaps, more recent advances in ultrasound technology have made it an increasingly attractive alternative.

Methods An extensive literature review was performed to identify the most common applications of ultrasound technology in the preoperative planning of DIEP flaps.

Results This review demonstrated that multiple potential uses for ultrasound technology in DIEP flap reconstruction including preoperative perforator mapping, evaluation of the superficial inferior epigastric system and as a potential adjunct in flap delay procedures. Available studies suggest that ultrasound compares favorably to other widely-used imaging modalities for these indications.

Conclusion This article presents an in-depth review of the current applications of ultrasound in the preoperative planning of DIEP flaps and explores some potential areas for future investigation.
Anatomical Variations of the Sinonasal Area and Their Clinical Impact on Sinus Pathology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Papadopoulou Anna-Maria , Bakogiannis Nikolaos , Skrapari Ioanna , Bakoyiannis Chris
Published: January 2022

Introduction Anatomical variations of the nasal cavity and of the paranasal sinuses are frequently encountered and play an important role in dysfunctional drainage of sinuses. However, it is not clear in the literature whether they predispose to sinus pathology.

Objectives The aim of the present review is to summarize the understanding of the association between anatomical variations of the sinonasal area and sinus pathology.

Data Synthesis The present review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed a thorough research on PubMed from October 2004 until May 2020 by using the search terms paranasal sinus anatomical variations and sinus disease, sinusitis, and mucosal disease.

Thirty studies were eligible and were included in the analysis. Overall, the studies encompassed a total of 6,999 patients included in the present review. In many studies, it has been statistically established that certain anatomical variations increase the risk of sinus disease. On the other hand, the rest of the collected studies failed to show any statistically significant correlation between anatomical variants and sinus pathology.

Conclusion The present study highlights the possible correlation between some anatomical variations of the sinonasal area and pathologies of the paranasal sinuses. Careful assessment and computed tomography (CT) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis is needed, especially in those undergoing endoscopic surgery, to identify and treat anatomical variations in the paranasal sinuses that may be correlated with rhinosinusitis. Due to contradictory results in the literature, further research is needed to elucidate the effects of anatomical variants of the sinonasal area.
Variational Dirac–Coulomb explicitly correlated computations for atoms and molecules
Authors: Jeszenszki Péter , Ferenc Dávid , Mátyus Edit
Published: January 2022

The Dirac–Coulomb equation with positive-energy projection is solved using explicitly correlated Gaussian functions. The algorithm and computational procedure aims for a parts-per-billion convergence of the energy to provide a starting point for further comparison and further developments in relation with high-resolution atomic and molecular spectroscopy. Besides a detailed discussion of the implementation of the fundamental spinor structure, permutation, and point-group symmetries, various options for the positive-energy projection procedure are presented. The no-pair Dirac–Coulomb energy converged to a parts-per-billion precision is compared with perturbative results for atomic and molecular systems with small nuclear charge numbers. Paper II [D. Ferenc, P. Jeszenszki, and E. Mátyus, J. Chem. Phys. 156, 084110 (2022).] describes the implementation of the Breit interaction in this framework.
Acoustic wave propagation in permeable lossy metamaterials
Authors: Venegas Rodolfo , Núñez Gabriel , Boutin Claude , Umnova Olga , Zhang Qicheng
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates acoustic wave propagation in gas-saturated permeable lossy metamaterials, which have different types of resonators, namely, acoustic and elastic resonators, as building-block elements. By using the two-scale asymptotic homogenization method, the macroscopic equations that govern sound propagation in such metamaterials are established. These equations show that the metamaterials can be modeled as equivalent fluids with unconventional effective density and compressibility. Analysis of these frequency-dependent and complex-valued parameters shows that the real parts of both can take negative values within frequency bands determined by inner resonances. The upscaled theory is exemplified with the case of a permeable lossy metamaterial having a unit cell comprising two unconnected fluid networks and a solid frame. One of these fluid networks is loaded with acoustic resonators (e.g., quarter-wavelength, Helmholtz resonators), while thin elastic films are present in the other one. It is shown that the propagation of acoustic waves in permeable lossy metamaterials is determined by both classical visco-thermal dissipation and local elasto-inertial resonances. The results are expected to lead to judicious designs of acoustic materials with peculiar properties including negative phase velocity and phase constant characteristic for regressive waves, very slow phase velocity, and wide sub-wavelength bandgaps.
8.7 W/mm output power density and 42% power-added-efficiency at 30 GHz for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs using Si-rich SiN passivation interlayer
Authors: Liu Jie-Long , Zhu Jie-Jie , Mi Min-Han , Zhu Qing , Liu Si-Yu , Wang Peng-Fei , Zhou Yu-Wei , Zhao Zi-Yue , Zhou Jiu-Ding , Zhang Meng , Wu Mei , Hou Bin , Wang Hong , Yang Ling , Ma Xiao-Hua , Hao Yue
Published: January 2022

In this work, high-performance millimeter-wave AlGaN/GaN structures for high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are presented using a Si-rich SiN passivation layer. The analysis of transient and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed that the presence of the Si-rich SiN layer leads to a decrease in the deep-level surface traps by mitigating the formation of Ga–O bonds. This results in a suppressed current collapse from 11% to 5% as well as a decreased knee voltage (Vknee). The current gain cutoff frequency and the maximum oscillation frequency of the devices with the Si-rich SiN layer exhibit the values of 74 and 140 GHz, respectively. Moreover, load-pull measurements at 30 GHz show that the devices containing the Si-rich SiN deliver excellent output power density of 8.7 W/mm at Vds = 28 V and high power-added efficiency up to 48% at Vds = 10 V. The enhanced power performance of HEMTs using Si-rich SiN interlayer passivation is attributed to the reduced Vknee, the suppressed current collapse, and the improved drain current.
Optical Quantum Computers
Authors: Asavanant Warit , Furusawa Akira
Published: January 2022

This book is a current and rare treatment of the theoretical and experimental aspects of one of the most promising approaches to quantum computation—continuous-variable (CV) quantum computation using optical systems. In addition to its pedagogical value to those new to quantum computing, it is also a practical handbook for both experimentalists and theorists working in the field. Optical Quantum Computers: A Route to Practical Continuous Variable Quantum Information Processing summarizes many recent experimental developments and fills a gap in current literature.

This timely book:Provides up-to-date discussions based on experiments and expertise of the scientists building quantum computersCenters around the idea of time-domain quantum computationHighlights work by the team from the Furusawa–Yoshikawa Laboratory at The University of Tokyo—one of the leading quantum computing labs in the world

Researchers, graduate students, and those working in the quantum computing industry and its related fi elds will fi nd this an invaluable resource.
Non-Gaussian Quantum States
Authors: Asavanant Warit , Furusawa Akira
Published: January 2022

In continuous-variable (CV) quantum computation, quantum states can be categorized into two types: Gaussian and non-Gaussian. Although many protocols, such as quantum teleportation, can be realized using only Gaussian states, non-Gaussian states are essential for harnessing the full computational power of CV systems. In this chapter, we will discuss how non-Gaussian states can be generated in the CV optical system. Unlike the Gaussian states that can be generated deterministically and relatively easily, generations of non-Gaussian states tend to be probabilistic and much more difficult. We will introduce the heralding method which is widely used for the generation of optical non-Gaussian states and show some of the basic experiments.
In vivo imaging of nanoparticle-labeled CAR T cells
Authors: Kiru Louise , Zlitni Aimen , Tousley Aidan Michael , Dalton Guillermo Nicolás , Wu Wei , Lafortune Famyrah , Liu Anna , Cunanan Kristen May , Nejadnik Hossein , Sulchek Todd , Moseley Michael Eugene , Majzner Robbie G. , Daldrup-Link Heike Elisabeth
Published: January 2022

Significance

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Efforts are now underway to evaluate the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy in solid tumors. However, a key limitation in the advancement of T-cell therapy is the lack of information on the biodistribution of the T cells in patients. Therefore, there is a need for the identification of translatable methods for tracking the therapeutic T cells noninvasively. We describe the mechanical labeling of CAR T cells with an FDA-approved iron oxide nanoparticle to demonstrate the noninvasive and multimodal imaging of the CAR T cells. This method may be utilized for monitoring T cells in clinical trials.
Intersecting kinematic encoding and readout of intention in autism
Authors: Montobbio Noemi , Cavallo Andrea , Albergo Dalila , Ansuini Caterina , Battaglia Francesca , Podda Jessica , Nobili Lino , Panzeri Stefano , Becchio Cristina
Published: January 2022

Significance

A major challenge in studying intention reading is high motor variability. Analyses conducted across trials provide insights into what happens on average; however, they may obscure how individual observers read intention information in individual movements. We combined motion tracking, psychophysics, and computational analyses to examine intention reading in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) with single-trial resolution. Results revealed that a sizeable fraction of ASD observers can identify intention-informative variations in ASD (but not in typically developing) movement kinematics, but they are nonetheless unable to extract the encoded intention information. This approach not only enhances our basic understanding of mind reading in ASD but also provides potential avenues for the rational design of training procedures to improve the reading of others’ actions.
The Sociolinguistic Speech Corpus of Chilean Spanish (COSCACH)
Authors: Sadowsky Scott
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the Sociolinguistic Speech Corpus of Chilean Spanish (COSCACH) v1.0, a 9.3-million-word corpus
containing transcribed, lemmatized and morphologically tagged text, audio recordings and videos from 1,237 L1 speakers of Chilean
Spanish, as well as a control sample of 21 non-Chilean L1 Spanish speakers. The COSCACH is the first freely available corpus of
spoken Chilean Spanish of substantial size, as well as one of the largest speech corpora of any variety of Spanish. Following a
review of other Chilean speech corpora, I describe how the COSCACH was constructed, covering corpus design, speaker recruitment
and metadata collection, speech elicitation and recording, transcription, lemmatization and morphological tagging, and corpus
compilation. I thereby aim to provide a blueprint for creating modern, large-scale speech corpora suitable for phonetic,
sociophonetic and sociolinguistic research, in addition to traditional inquiry into semantics, lexis, grammar, pragmatics and
discourse.
Language aptitude, language interaction and age of language learning
Authors: Singleton David , Flynn Colin J.
Published: January 2022

This article reviews David Singleton’s books and articles published during the period 2014–2020. The first section concerns a popular book which he co-authored with Vivian Cook; the second gives an account of articles covering questions about the concept of language aptitude; the third deals with articles on the manner in which a learner’s competencies in different languages interact; the fourth section then summarizes his recent age-related work on second language learning in childhood, adolescence and midlife; and the fifth deals with his contributions on language learning in senior adulthood.
The second genitive in the history of Russian and across its dialects
Authors: Ter-Avanesova Alexandra , Daniel Michael
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we provide a survey of the diachronic development of the Russian second genitive (Gen2). As
endpoints of this development, we consider data from Russian dialects representing different dialect groups. Assumedly, the
expansion of Gen2 started off as ‘recycling’ of the genitive of a declension type that became obsolete already in the pre-written
period. Nouns of this declension type were adopted by another declension, carrying their old genitive over as a variant form. This
alternative ending started spreading, always as a variant, to other nouns in the adoptive declension. As the survey of the
literature shows, in the course of this expansion new constraints evolved, including phonological, morphophonological,
phonotactic, syntactic and semantic conditioning. While there is no declension class or even individual nouns where Gen2 became
the only option, it expanded to different extents in different dialects. We believe that the diversity of functions associated
with the form, the range of language-internal factors driving its expansion, as well as the current geographic distribution of
constraints on its formation weaken the claim that emergence of Gen2 as a morphological category dedicated to partitive was due to
contact with the languages of the Circumbaltic area, a suggestion made on a macro-areal basis and also based on comparison with
the northern dialects alone. While we cannot argue that the data we present disproves the contact factor, we would at least expect
that the increased granularity of dialectal data would provide some data to support it. This is not what happens, which we
consider to be an argument against contact-induced change.

The aim of the paper is two-fold: to present a synopsis of the discussions of the history of Gen2 and a survey of
the data on the use of Gen2 in the dialects, both firsthand and available from the literature; and to question the role of contact
in the emergence of the new category of Gen2 in Russian.
Audio description and subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing
Authors: Talaván Noa , Lertola Jennifer , Moreno Ana Ibáñez
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the teaching innovation project AUDIOSUB, which aimed at assessing the didactic potential of audio description (AD) and subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing (SDH) in foreign language education. Within an online setting, 25 undergraduates of English Studies in a Spanish university worked collaboratively for two months and a half, in groups of five, so as to provide accessibility to complete short films. To that end, they were provided with a number of ad hoc tutorials and guidelines on technical issues related to AD and SDH, the two media accessibility modes used for this proposal. A pre-experiment was designed for data collection: pre- and post- writing and oral production tests, as well as general translation pre- and post- tests, were administered, and quantitative data were exploited using SPSS; pre-and post- questionnaires and observation were also used to triangulate and complement the analysis. The results show evidence of improvement both in written production and in general translation skills thanks to the pedagogical application of media accessibility and point towards a more systematic exploitation of didactic SDH and AD in the foreign language learning context.
Religious Institutions as a Link to Substance use Treatment: Characterizing the Potential Service Population through National Survey Data
Authors: Heikkila Holly D. , Edens Ellen L. , Stefanovics Elina A. , Rhee Taeho Greg , Rosenheck Robert A.
Published: January 2022

Background: Relatively few Americans with current alcohol or drug use disorders receive outpatient or residential treatment. Outreach initiatives at local places of religious worship have been proposed as a way of facilitating such service use, but the number and characteristics of adults who may be reached in this way has not been studied. Methods: Data from the 2012–2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of U.S. adults were used to estimate the number of and proportion of adults with substance use disorders (SUDs) who attended monthly religious service and did not receive SUD treatment in the past year and used multinomial logistic regression to compare them to three SUD groups who did or did not receive treatment and/or attend religious services. Results: A total of 5,795 respondents representing 35.8 million Americans met criteria for a past-year SUD, of whom 8.3 million (23.1%) attended religious services monthly and did not receive substance use treatment. This more often African-American group had substantially fewer socio-demographic disadvantages (e.g., unemployment), behavioral problem indicators (e.g., police involvement), a higher quality of life score and less likelihood of an illicit drug use diagnosis than those who received treatment and either did or did not attend religious services. Conclusion: Almost one quarter of adults with a SUD attend religious services monthly and do not receive SUD treatment. Although they have fewer adversities than people who receive treatment, outreach to this population may link this substantial group of people to needed services. Highlights/review National survey data suggest 8 of 36 million Americans with substance use diagnoses’ (23%) do not receive specialized SUD treatment, but they do attend religious services monthly or more. This group, notably, has less numerous problems, such as unemployment, police involvement, and drug use disorder, and have higher quality of life scores than those who receive treatment for SUD. Outreach and linkage initiatives with religious institutions may facilitate use of services by this population.
Youth Risk Profiles and their Prediction of Distal Cannabis and Tobacco co-use in the Population Assessment of Tobacco Health (PATH)
Authors: Smith Crystal Lederhos , Rhoades Cooper Brittany , Miguel Andre , Roll John , Hill Laura , Cleveland Michael , McPherson Sterling
Published: January 2022

Background: Co-use of cannabis and tobacco is common and increases negative behavioral, physical and mental health consequences. This study aimed to describe latent profiles of youth internalizing and externalizing problems, sensation seeking, and family environment in the US and their relationships with substance co-use. Methods: Data come from the Population Assessment of Tobacco Health (PATH). Using latent profile analysis with a distal outcome, we conducted a secondary data analysis examining relationships between latent profiles and the distal outcome of cannabis/tobacco use and co-use one year later. Participants were a nationally representative sample of youth ages 12–17 ( N = 13,651). Results: We identified five youth subgroups: (1;11%) Family Risk, (2;32%) Family Protection with Very Low Internalizing, (3;21%) Family Protection with High Youth Risk, (4;24%) Family Protection with Moderate Youth Risk, (5;12%) Family Risk with High Youth Risk. Relationships between group membership and tobacco/cannabis outcomes, one year later, indicated that the least likely tobacco/cannabis users were the Family Protection with Very Low Internalizing class (no lifetime use probability (PR)=0.86, standard error (SE)=0.007; no 30-day use PR = 0.96, SE = 0.004). In contrast, the Family Risk with High Youth Risk class had the highest probability of both co-use (lifetime co-use PR = 0.33; SE = 0.014; 30-day co-use PR = 0.10; SE = 0.010) and single substance use (probability of lifetime single substance use PR = 0.30; SE = 0.013; 30-day single substance use PR = 0.24; SE = 0.014). Conclusions: A “protective but reactive” risk buffering pattern effect of family factors on youth factors was observed in that the lowest rates of co-use were observed in the three classes with family protection. These findings highlight the need for interventions addressing multiple domains and focusing on youth and family risk factors.
Bianchi IX geometry and the Einstein–Maxwell theory
Authors: Ghezelbash A M
Published: January 2022

We construct numerical solutions to the higher-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell theory. The solutions are based on embedding the four dimensional Bianchi type IX space in the theory. We find the solutions as superposition of two functions, which one of them can be found numerically. We show that the solutions in any dimensions, are almost regular everywhere, except a singular point. We find that the solutions interpolate between the two exact analytical solutions to the higher dimensional Einstein–Maxwell theory, which are based on Eguchi–Hanson type I and II geometries. Moreover, we construct the exact cosmological solutions to the theory, and study the properties of the solutions.
Rotating black holes in Einstein-aether theory
Authors: Adam Alexander , Figueras Pau , Jacobson Ted , Wiseman Toby
Published: January 2022

We introduce new methods to numerically construct for the first time stationary axisymmetric black hole solutions in Einstein-aether theory and study their properties. The key technical challenge is to impose regularity at the spin-2, 1, and 0 wave mode horizons. Interestingly we find the metric horizon, and various wave mode horizons, are not Killing horizons, having null generators to which no linear combination of Killing vectors is tangent, and which spiral from pole to equator or vice versa. Existing phenomenological constraints result in two regions of coupling parameters where the theory is viable and some couplings are large; region I with a large twist coupling and region II with also a (somewhat) large expansion coupling. Currently these constraints do not include tests from strong field dynamics, such as observations of black holes and their mergers. Given the large aether coupling(s) one might expect such dynamics to deviate significantly from general relativity (GR), and hence to further constrain the theory. Here we argue this is not the case, since for these parameter regions solutions exist where the aether is ‘painted’ onto a metric background that is very close to that of GR. This painting for region I is approximately independent of the large twist coupling, and for region II is also approximately independent of the large expansion coupling and normal to a maximal foliation of the spacetime. We support this picture analytically for weak fields, and numerically for rotating black hole solutions, which closely approximate the Kerr metric.
Lower bound in Pesin formula of C
1 interval maps*
Authors: Liao Gang
Published: January 2022

We prove that the lower bound in Pesin formula holds for any integrable absolutely continuous invariant measure of a piecewise C
1 interval map, i.e., the metric entropy is bounded from below by the Lyapunov exponent. Consequently, Pesin formula holds whenever Ruelle inequality is valid.
Prior information-based high-resolution tomography image reconstruction from a single digitally reconstructed radiograph
Authors: Lu Shaolin , Li Shibo , Wang Yu , Zhang Lihai , Hu Ying , Li Bing
Published: January 2022

Tomography images are essential for clinical diagnosis and trauma surgery, allowing doctors to understand the internal information of patients in more detail. Since the large amount of x-ray radiation from the continuous imaging during the process of computed tomography scanning can cause serious harm to the human body, reconstructing tomographic images from sparse views becomes a potential solution to this problem. Here we present a deep-learning framework for tomography image reconstruction, namely TIReconNet, which defines image reconstruction as a data-driven supervised learning task that allows a mapping between the 2D projection view and the 3D volume to emerge from corpus. The proposed framework consists of four parts: feature extraction module, shape mapping module, volume generation module and super resolution module. The proposed framework combines 2D and 3D operations, which can generate high-resolution tomographic images with a relatively small amount of computing resources and maintain spatial information. The proposed method is verified on chest digitally reconstructed radiographs, and the reconstructed tomography images have achieved PSNR value of 18.621 ± 1.228 dB and SSIM value of 0.872 ± 0.041 when compared against the ground truth. In conclusion, an innovative convolutional neural network architecture is proposed and validated in this study, which proves that there is the potential to generate a 3D high-resolution tomographic image from a single 2D image using deep learning. This method may actively promote the application of reconstruction technology for radiation reduction, and further exploration of intraoperative guidance in trauma and orthopedics.
Unbiased TOF estimation using leading-edge discriminator and convolutional neural network trained by single-source-position waveforms
Authors: Onishi Yuya , Hashimoto Fumio , Ote Kibo , Ota Ryosuke
Published: January 2022

Objective. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a strong tool for improving the coincidence time resolution (CTR) of time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography detectors. However, several signal waveforms from multiple source positions are required for CNN training. Furthermore, there is concern that TOF estimation is biased near the edge of the training space, despite the reduced estimation variance (i.e. timing uncertainty). Approach. We propose a simple method for unbiased TOF estimation by combining a conventional leading-edge discriminator (LED) and a CNN that can be trained with waveforms collected from one source position. The proposed method estimates and corrects the time difference error calculated by the LED rather than the absolute time difference. This model can eliminate the TOF estimation bias, as the combination with the LED converts the distribution of the label data from discrete values at each position into a continuous symmetric distribution. Main results. Evaluation results using signal waveforms collected from scintillation detectors show that the proposed method can correctly estimate all source positions without bias from a single source position. Moreover, the proposed method improves the CTR of the conventional LED. Significance. We believe that the improved CTR will not only increase the signal-to-noise ratio but will also contribute significantly to a part of the direct positron emission imaging.
Study different quantum teleportation amounts by solving Lindblad master equation
Authors: El Anouz K , El Allati A , Saif F
Published: January 2022

A realizable model based on the interaction between an excited two-level atom and a radiation field inside two quantum electrodynamics cavities is proposed. It consists of sending the excited atom through two serial cavities which contain the radiation field. Thus, the Lindblad master equations which describe the evolution of the reduced density matrix regarding the radiation field generated from the excited atom inside the cavities are solved in Markovian and non-Markovian regimes. Thereby, the rate of entanglement inherent in the total field-field system is evaluated using various witnesses by calculating analytically the concurrence and quantum discord, where we illustrate quantitatively the advantage of using an initial EPR and NOON states in the presence of radiation field losses. As an application, a scheme of quantum teleportation using two partial entangled channels is investigated. Finally, a comparative study between fidelity and the different levels of entanglement of the teleported state in the two regimes is also given.
Optimal chemotherapy counteracts cancer adaptive resistance in a cell-based, spatially-extended, evolutionary model
Authors: Italia Matteo , Dercole Fabio , Lucchetti Roberto
Published: January 2022

Most aggressive cancers are incurable due to their fast evolution of drug resistance. We model cancer growth and adaptive response in a simplified cell-based (CB) setting, assuming a genetic resistance to two chemotherapeutic drugs. We show that optimal administration protocols can steer cells resistance and turned it into a weakness for the disease. Our work extends the population-based model proposed by Orlando et al (2012 Phys. Biol.), in which a homogeneous population of cancer cells evolves according to a fitness landscape. The landscape models three types of trade-offs, differing on whether the cells are more, less, or equal effective when generalizing resistance to two drugs as opposed to specializing to a single one. The CB framework allows us to include genetic heterogeneity, spatial competition, and drugs diffusion, as well as realistic administration protocols. By calibrating our model on Orlando et al’s assumptions, we show that dynamical protocols that alternate the two drugs minimize the cancer size at the end of (or at mid-points during) treatment. These results significantly differ from those obtained with the homogeneous model—suggesting static protocols under the pro-generalizing and neutral allocation trade-offs—highlighting the important role of spatial and genetic heterogeneities. Our work is the first attempt to search for optimal treatments in a CB setting, a step forward toward realistic clinical applications.
Steady states of active Brownian particles interacting with boundaries
Authors: Wagner Caleb G , Hagan Michael F , Baskaran Aparna
Published: January 2022

An active Brownian particle is a minimal model for a self-propelled colloid in a dissipative environment. Experiments and simulations show that, in the presence of boundaries and obstacles, active Brownian particle systems approach nontrivial nonequilibrium steady states with intriguing phenomenology, such as accumulation at boundaries, ratchet effects, and long-range depletion interactions. Nevertheless, theoretical analysis of these phenomena has proven difficult. Here, we address this theoretical challenge in the context of non-interacting particles in two dimensions, basing our analysis on the steady-state Smoluchowski equation for the one-particle distribution function. Our primary result is an approximation strategy that connects asymptotic solutions of the Smoluchowski equation to boundary conditions. We test this approximation against the exact analytic solution in a 2D planar geometry, as well as numerical solutions in circular and elliptic geometries. We find good agreement so long as the boundary conditions do not vary too rapidly with respect to the persistence length of particle trajectories. Our results are relevant for characterizing long-range flows and depletion interactions in such systems. In particular, our framework shows how such behaviors are connected to the breaking of detailed balance at the boundaries.