KETAHANAN BEBERAPA AKSESI KAPAS TERHADAP HAMA PENGISAP DAUN Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA)
Authors: INDRAYANI I G.A.A. , SUMARTINI SIWI , B. HELIYANTO B. HELIYANTO 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK<br />Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) adalah serangga hama pengisap daun<br />yang sangat potensial menurunkan produktivitas kapas. Pengendaliannya<br />secara kimiawi menimbulkan banyak masalah lingkungan, seperti<br />pencemaran dan peningkatan resistensi hama terhadap insektisida kimia<br />sintetis. Salah satu solusi dalam masalah tersebut adalah penggunaan<br />varietas tahan (resisten) yang juga merupakan bagian dari pengendalian<br />hama terpadu (PHT) pada kapas. Penelitian ketahanan beberapa aksesi<br />kapas terhadap A. biguttula (Ishida) dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat di Asembagus, Situbondo, mulai<br />Januari hingga Desember 2006. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui<br />ketahanan beberapa aksesi kapas terhadap serangan hama pengisap daun,<br />A. biguttula. Sebagai perlakuan adalah 30 aksesi kapas yang ditanam<br />dalam plot berukuran 10 m x 3 m, dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 25 cm,<br />satu tanaman per lobang. Setiap aksesi disusun dalam rancangan acak<br />kelompok dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah<br />nimfa A. biguttula per daun, jumlah bulu daun per cm 2 luas daun, dan<br />posisi bulu terhadap lamina (tegak/rebah), serta skor kerusakan tanaman.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap aksesi kapas berpotensi<br />terserang A. biguttula, meskipun tingkat populasi hama ini tidak<br />menunjukkan perbedaan nyata antar aksesi. Terjadi korelasi negatif (R 2 =<br />0,2425) antara jumlah bulu daun dan populasi nimfa A. biguttula dan<br />antara jumlah bulu daun dan skor kerusakan tanaman (R 2 = 0,2027).<br />Berdasarkan jumlah bulu daun, aksesi kapas yang termasuk kategori<br />sedikit berbulu dengan kriteria ketahanan sedikit tahan adalah: AC 134,<br />Stoneville 7, Fai Nai, SHR, CRDI-1, Kanesia 5, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9.<br />Sedangkan aksesi lainnya termasuk kategori tidak berbulu dan peka<br />terhadap serangan A. biguttula.<br />Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, aksesi, hama, Amrasca<br />biguttula (Ishida), toleran, peka, kerusakan, Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Resistance of several cotton accessions to sucking insect<br />pest, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida)<br />Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) is a sucking insect pest which potentially<br />reduces cotton productivity. Its chemical control often cause environ-<br />mental problems mainly air pollution and increase of pest resistance to<br />certain chemical insecticides. One solution can be used to solve these<br />problems is by using resistant variety that is also an integral part of the<br />integrated pest management (IPM). Study on the resistance of several<br />cotton accessions to sucking insect pest, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) was<br />conducted at the Experimental Station of the Indonesian Tobacco and<br />Fiber Crops Research Institute (IToFCRI) in Asembagus, Situbondo, East<br />Java, from January to December 2006. The objective of the study was to<br />find out the resistance of cotton accessions to sucking insect pest. Thirty<br />accessions of cotton were used as treatment and were planted in plots 10 m<br />x 3 m with plant spacing 100 cm x 25 cm, one plant per hole. Each<br />accession was arranged in a randomized block design with three<br />replications. Parameters observed were number of nymph of A. biguttula,<br />number of leaf hair, leaf hairs position (erect or lie down), and score of<br />damage. The result showed that every accession of cotton can be attacked<br />by A. biguttula although the insect population was not significantly<br />different among accessions. There is negative correlation (R 2 = 0.2425)<br />between number of leaf hair and population of A. biguttula and between<br />number of leaf hair and score of plant damage (R 2 = 0.2027). Accessions<br />that categorized as lightly hairy and moderately resistant to A. biguttula<br />were AC 134, Stoneville 7, Fai Nai, SHR, CRDI-1, Kanesia 5, Kanesia 8,<br />and Kanesia 9, while the others were categorized as glabrous and<br />susceptible to the sucking pest.<br />Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, accession, insect pest, Amrasca<br />biguttula (Ishida), tolerant, sensitive, damage, East Jav