bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MFE-SSNet: Multi-Modal Fusion-Based End-to-End Steering Angle and Vehicle Speed Prediction Network
Authors: Huang Yi , Liu Wenzhuo , Li Yaoyu , Yang Lei , Jiang Hanqi , Li Zhiwei , Li Jun
Published: October 2024

In the field of autonomous vehicles, accurately predicting steering angle and speed is a pivotal task. This task affects the accuracy of the final decision of the autonomous vehicle and is the basis for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the autonomous vehicle. Previous studies have often relied on data from only one or two modalities to make predictions for steering angle and vehicle speed, which were often inadequate. In this paper, the authors propose a Multi-Modal Fusion-Based End-to-End Steering Angle and Vehicle Speed Prediction Network (MFE-SSNet). The network innovatively extends the one-stream and two-stream structure to a three-stream structure and cleverly extracts features of images, steering angles, and vehicle speeds using HRNet and LSTM layers. In addition, in order to fully fuse the feature information of different modal data, this paper also proposes a local attention-based feature fusion module. This module improves the fusion of different modal feature vectors by capturing the interdependencies in the local channels. Experimental results demonstrate that MFE-SSNet outperforms the current state-of-the-art model on the publicly available Udacity dataset.
Speech Acts
Authors: Jucker Andreas H.
Published: October 2024

This Element outlines current issues in the study of speech acts. It starts with a brief outline of four waves of speech act theory, that is, the philosophical, the experimental, the corpus-based and the discursive approaches. It looks at some of the early experimental and corpus-based methods and discusses their more recent developments as a background to the most important trends in current speech act research. Discursive approaches shift the focus from single utterances to interaction and interactional sequences. Multimodal approaches show that the notion of 'speech act' needs to be extended in order to cover the multimodality of communicative acts. And diachronic approaches focus on the historicity of speech acts. The final section discusses some open issues and potential further developments of speech act research.
Appropriateness of Empiric Initiation of Meropenem in the Intensive Care Unit as Determined by Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Ishtiaq Ufaq , Acosta Katherine , Akabusi Chika , Noble Kelcey , Gujadhur Nili , Cluzet Valerie
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the appropriateness of empiric initiation of meropenem in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to determine the agreement between internal medicine (IM) residents and infectious diseases (ID) physicians/pharmacists on appropriateness.

Design:

Retrospective observational study.

Setting:

ICU in a tertiary care community teaching hospital.

Participants:

Adult patients admitted to the ICU and started empirically on meropenem between April 1 and October 31, 2021.

Methods:

Meropenem usage was categorized as appropriate or inappropriate according to criteria developed from previously published indications and modified by ID physicians/pharmacists to reflect local practices. Two investigators (an IM resident and either an ID physician or pharmacist) assessed the appropriateness, with a second ID physician resolving any disagreements. Inter-rater reliability was measured using the kappa statistic.

Results:

Ninety-seven participants were enrolled, with a mean age of 68 (SD, 17.0) years. Pneumonia was the most common infection (30.9%). Among the participants, 92.8% received an ID consultation, with 55.6% of these occurring before meropenem initiation. IM residents deemed 56.7% of meropenem administrations appropriate, whereas an ID physician/pharmacist deemed only 48.5% appropriate, agreeing on 79.4% of cases (kappa statistic 0.59, P <.001). After a third reviewer’s assessment was included, agreement between the resident and at least one of the two reviewers reached 90.7% (kappa 0.81, P <.001).

Conclusions:

Approximately half of empiric meropenem started in the ICU was deemed inappropriate using institution-specific criteria. There was good agreement between IM residents and ID physicians/pharmacists on meropenem appropriateness. IM residents could contribute to antimicrobial stewardship efforts, like prospective audit and feedback, using standardized criteria for appropriateness.
Comparative Analysis of Burn Injuries in Toddler and Preschool Children: Implications for Triage and Outcome Assessment
Authors: Ozel Mehmet , Yilmaz Sarper , Tatliparmak Ali Cankut , Ak Rohat
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aims to compare the demographic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of burn injuries in toddler and preschool children, and to validate the American Burn Association (ABA) Burn Triage Decision Matrix in the Turkish pediatric population.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 684 pediatric burn patients (494 toddlers, 190 preschoolers) admitted to our burn center over a 5-year period. Variables including gender, burn etiology, burn area, depth, treatment modalities, complications, length of hospital stay, and mortality were analyzed. The performance of the ABA Burn Triage Decision Matrix was evaluated in both groups.

Results

Scalding was the predominant cause of burns in both groups, with a significant difference in the involvement of anterior trunk (p = 0.027). The mean Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) was comparable between the groups (p = 0.286). There was no significant difference in mortality rates (p = 0.385), treatment modalities, and complications. The ABA Burn Triage Decision Matrix demonstrated consistency in triaging the severity of burn injuries, with a notable discrepancy observed in the moderate risk category of toddler group.

Conclusions

This study highlights the distinct characteristics and outcomes of burn injuries in different pediatric age groups. The ABA Burn Triage Decision Matrix’s validation suggests its utility in enhancing triage accuracy and resource allocation in pediatric populations, especially in disaster-prone regions.
Feature, specification and evidence framework for communicating design rationale
Authors: Mirabito Yakira , Tchatchouang Kayo Megane Annaelle , Goucher-Lambert Kosa
Published: October 2024

Design rationale is the justification behind a product component, often captured via written reports and oral presentations. Research shows that the structure and information used to communicate and document rationale significantly influence human behavior. To better understand the influence of design rationale on engineering design, we investigate the information engineers and designers include in design rationales in written reports. Eight hundred and forty-six pages of student engineering design reports from 28 teams representing 116 individuals were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach and compared across project types. The rationales from the reports were coded inductively into concepts and later applied to five industry reports consisting of 218 pages. The findings reveal a spectrum of rationales underpinning design decisions. Grounded in the data, the feature, specification and evidence (FSE) framework emerged as a feature-based and low-effort capture approach. We discuss the need to improve design communication in engineering design, through structuring rationales (i.e., using the proposed FSE framework or other representations) and improving technical writing skills. Lastly, by enhancing design rationale communication and documentation practices, significant benefits can be realized for computational support tools such as automatic rationale extraction or generative approaches.
Capital Markets and Medical Care: How Wall Street Invented Physician Management Companies in the 1990s
Authors: Perkins Barbara Bridgman
Published: October 2024

Investment banks collaborated with health care entrepreneurs and managers in the 1990s to add a costly layer of investor-owned corporations to the US medical delivery system. In capitalizing and consolidating physician practices, publicly traded Physician Practice Management Companies (PPMCs) incorporated elements of the broader capitalist economy. Companies such as PhyCor, MedPartners, and FPA Medical Management turned to the equity and debt markets to generate shareholder profits and capital for acquisitions. Contemporary theories of financial economics reinforced their activities. PPMCs collapsed after shareholder lawsuits accused them of reporting false figures to the SEC and banks withdrew their credit. Physicians were both accomplices and victims in the process that made the medical delivery system less equitable, less effective, and more expensive. Although this experiment in medical capitalism failed, it widened the door for Wall Street to build new ways to profit from health care.
“Helping myself empowered me to help young people better”: A stepped care model, with non-specialist workers (NSWs) addressing mental health of young people in urban vulnerable communities across the Mumbai metropolitan region in India
Authors: Shyam Rama , Mitra Arati , Sharma Seema , Ajgaonkar Vinita , Balasubramanyam Anu , Jayaraman Anuja , Karandikar Neeta , Shaikh Nikhat , Rajan Sheetal , Das Tanushree , Raj Tanya
Published: October 2024

Research on adolescent mental health in low and middle-income countries cites the paucity of human resources and emphasises non-specialist worker (NSW)-led counselling intervention within school and health-system platforms. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a transdiagnostic stepped care model, for delivering preventive psychological treatment to adolescents through NSWs in urban vulnerable community settings. Conducted in three such settlements in Mumbai and Thane districts of Maharashtra in India, this mixed-methods study engaged 500 young people, their parents and 52 NSWs.

Quantitative data, obtained through monitoring indicators, fidelity checklists and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), revealed key stressors for adolescents, including poverty, structural inequity, cultural conformity pressures, academic anxieties and communication gap within families. Post-intervention, adolescents exhibited an enhanced capacity for positive emotions and agency. The qualitative component, incorporating observations, focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with various stakeholders, highlighted reduced stigma around mental health, yet identified barriers like time commitment, lack of incentivisation for NSWs, lack of privacy in densely populated communities and societal stigma.

This implementation research underscores that adolescent mental health stressors often originate from social determinants, exacerbated by insufficient awareness and stigma. Such stepped care models offer a pathway for communities to establish enduring support networks.
Mechanisms for upstream migration of firn aquifer drainage: preliminary observations from Helheim Glacier, Greenland
Authors: Mejia Jessica Z. , Poinar Kristin , Meyer Colin R. , Sommers Aleah N. , Chu Winnie
Published: October 2024

Surface meltwater can influence subglacial hydrology and ice dynamics if it reaches ice sheet's base. Firn aquifers store meltwater and drain into wide crevasses marking the aquifer's downstream boundary, indicating water from firn aquifers can drive hydrofracture to establish surface-to-bed hydraulic connections at inland locations. Yet, sparse observations limit our understanding of the physical processes controlling firn aquifer drainage. We assess the potential for future inland firn aquifer drainage migration with field observations and linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFMs) modeling to determine the conditions needed to initiate and sustain hydrofracture on Helheim Glacier, Greenland. We find that local stress conditions alone can drive crevasse tips into the firn aquifer, allowing hydrofracture initiation year-round. We infer inland expansion of crevasses over the firn aquifer from crevasse-nucleated whaleback dune formation and Global Navigation Satellite System-station detected crevasse opening extending 14 and 4 km, respectively, inland from the current, farthest-upstream drainage point. Using our LEFM model, we identify three vulnerable regions with coincidence between dry crevasse depth and water table variability, indicating potential future inland firn aquifer drainage sites. These results suggest the downstream boundary of firn aquifers can migrate inland under future warming scenarios and may already be underway.
Damages and the ‘essence’ of false imprisonment
Authors: Gilligan Daniel
Published: October 2024

A defendant (D) will commit the tort of false imprisonment where, without lawful justification (consent, valid warrant, etc), they intentionally confine a plaintiff (P) to a restricted space. In Blackstone's terms, ‘to constitute the tort of false imprisonment there are two points requisite: 1. The detention of the person; and, 2. The unlawfulness of such detention’. In GE v Commissioner of An Garda Síochána, Ireland's Supreme Court answered a question about the damages recoverable where Blackstone's two conditions have been met: can P recover substantial (rather than nominal) damages for false imprisonment against D where, had P not been unlawfully detained by D, P could and would have been lawfully detained by D for the same period, under identical conditions?
Irrealis as modality: evidence from Gιsιɖa Anii
Authors: Morton Deborah , Blanchette Frances
Published: October 2024

Using data from the understudied language Gιsιɖa Anii, we provide a formal analysis of irrealis that builds on the framework of modality proposed in Giannakidou and Mari. In particular, we propose that Anii has an irrealis modal morpheme whose meaning is that the speaker does not believe that the proposition is true at a particular time. This gives irrealis, at least in Anii, a negatively biased meaning. Giannakidou and Mari propose that the subjunctive in European languages is a positively biased modal but find no evidence in their data for a corresponding negatively biased one. However, in expanding their approach to a completely unrelated language, we show that modal bias can also be negative, filling in the paradigmatic gap left open by Giannakidou and Mari’s work. We also illustrate the utility of analyzing irrealis (in relation to the concept of veridicality) as a morphosyntactic and semantic category with a status similar to tense and aspect. Our formal analysis accounts for the obligatory realization of irrealis in a wide range of semantic contexts in Anii, including future tense, negation, and wishes, and shows how irrealis can be composed with other clausal elements. We suggest that reality status, which we analyze as (non)-veridicality, is obligatorily present in the Anii clause and discuss the implications of this for other languages.
/s/ ideology in twentieth-century educational materials in Finland: on the language-political and sociocultural underpinnings
Authors: Vaattovaara Johanna , Halonen Mia
Published: October 2024

The status of the phoneme /s/ as the only sibilant of Finnish makes its pronunciation relatively free. This enables /s/ variants to gain social meaning, a tendency typical in many societies. In Finnish society, studies so far have documented how variation in /s/ pronunciation has faced concerns, originating from late-nineteenth-century nation building and Finnish language norm construction processes. Against the norm of the voiceless alveolar /s/, fronted variants first represented Swedish influence and a threat to norms of ‘good Finnish’, later meeting more global indexes. The historical development of the /s/ ideology is still echoed in the contemporary social meaning potentials of /s/ variation. By focusing on learning materials used in the Finnish education system during the period from the 1900s to the 1970s, this article investigates how formal education has contributed to the ideology of the (im)proper Finnish /s/, manifested in the ideological construct of ‘Helsinki s’.
The impact of viral respiratory infection on surgical outcome of cavopulmonary shunt
Authors: Wendt Stefanie , Dedden Christoph , Kröner Axel , Leister Nicolas , Menzel Christoph , Schink Ullrich , Rustenbach Christian , Wahlers Thorsten , Khalil Markus , Sreeram Narayanswami , Bennink Gerardus
Published: October 2024

Undetected respiratory infections may adversely affect the intrapulmonary resistance after Stage 2 or Stage 3 Fontan palliation. A few studies describe a higher risk for viral pneumonia during respiratory virus season, but none of them have focused on the effect of symptomatic viral pneumonia on in-hospital clinical course after bidirectional Glenn shunt. We analysed 77 patients who underwent bidirectional Glenn shunt surgery. Six patients were detected with pneumonia and proof of viral ribonucleic acid in tracheal mucus in the very early postoperative time. We compared them retrospectively to the remaining 71 patients regarding preoperative inflammatory signs, mortality, paediatric ICU length of stay, and ventilation time. The infection rate was not seasonal dependent. Ventilation time was significantly elongated in the pneumonia group (558 h ± 634 vs. 8.7 h ± 1.9; p < 0.0001) and so was the paediatric ICU length of stay (29 days ± 26 vs. 3 days±1; p = 0.007). Significantly more patients in the pneumonia group required extracorporeal cardiac life support postoperatively. The mortality was significantly increased in patients with pneumonia. Even subclinical viral pneumonia may cause ventilation-to-perfusion mismatch by raising intrapulmonary resistance. Recorded parameters of postoperative paediatric ICU therapy showed a significant impact of a viral pneumonia on patients after bidirectional Glenn shunt. The respiratory syncytial virus vaccination does not protect these patients from infection with other respiratory viruses. The focus should be put on preoperative diagnosis of pulmonary infections in the vulnerable group of patients with univentricular hearts.
Association between vegetable intake and major depressive disorder: results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018 and bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation
Authors: Wang Qi , Ou Zhaoxing , Chen Jiamin , Li Liujun , Chen Yuzhuo , Ye Dalin
Published: October 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the association between vegetable intake and major depressive disorder (MDD) through cross-sectional analysis and bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR).

Design:

Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005 to 2018 and the corresponding Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data were obtained from UK Biobank and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) dataset. Logistic regression analysis was performed after calculating the weights of the samples. Inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger and weighted median methods were used to evaluate the causal effects.

Setting:

A Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥ 10 was considered to indicate MDD. Low vegetable intake was defined as < 2 cups of vegetables per day.

Participants:

30 861 U.S. adults from NHANES. The GWAS data sample size related to vegetable intake were comprised 448 651 and 435 435 cases respectively, while the GWAS data sample size associated with MDD encompassed 500 199 cases.

Results:

There were 23 249 (75·33 %) participants with low vegetable intake. The relationship between vegetable intake and MDD was nonlinear. In the multivariate model adjusted for sex, age, education, marital status, poverty income ratio, ethnicity and BMI, participants with low vegetable intake were associated with an increased risk of MDD (OR = 1·53, 95 % CI (1·32, 1·77), P < 0·001). Bidirectional MR showed no causal effects between vegetable intake and MDD.

Conclusions:

Cross-sectional analysis identified a significant relationship between vegetable intake and MDD, whereas the results from bidirectional two-sample MR did not support a causal role.
Disgust and the duel: Aristocratic violence, the scienza cavalleresca, and feeling rules in early modern Italy
Authors: Cummins Stephen Thomas
Published: October 2024

Many early modern Italian nobles were obsessed with duelling. Despite bans from secular authorities and the Council of Trent, the violent honor complex was veiled in part under the title of the scienza cavalleresca, the knightly science, which provided rules for the conduct of conflicts between aristocrats and those with noble aspirations. Such rules were both concerned with emotions and the object of emotions. Using the tools of the history and sociology of emotions, this article contributes to the emotional history of the scienza cavalleresca through examining the rules proposed both as feeling rules in themselves and as objects of emotional judgment. Toward the turn of the eighteenth century, more aristocrats began rejecting such codes with explicit objections to the scienza cavalleresca and its ethical basis. One such noble was Paolo Mattia Doria (1667–1746), a notorious duellist in the closing years of the Spanish regime, who renounced the vendetta and expressed disgust with its practitioners. A zealous convert against the noble vengeance system, he will serve as an example to explore the wider struggle over emotional values in early modern Italy and, more generally, in societies with high levels of violence. The article traces the role of emotions in the scienza cavalleresca, the taste for dispute through one genre (letters of challenge or cartelli di sfida), then explores the case of Doria. From these three stages, the article argues for the significance of adopting approaches from the sociology of emotions to analyze elite cultures of violence.
State servants, cash, and credit market modernizations in early modern Stockholm
Authors: Pihl Christopher , Renström William
Published: October 2024

This study examines the credit market in seventeenth-century Stockholm, a rapidly growing city whose credit market is an early example of a market with both private and institutional actors. Using a sample of 1,500 probate inventories from 1679 to 1708, we focus on the practices and experiences of municipal and state servants, and we examine in detail the probate inventories of employees of the royal court. The latter group had their wages paid by the king in a world where being in arrears was the norm, and their spatial and social proximity to the Bank of the Estates made them potential pioneers in the movement towards an institutionalized and formalized capital market. The credit market has a mixed character, both in terms of the opportunities available to investors and in terms of their behavior. For people with a surplus of cash and good connections, money lending could be a way to increase their income. The court servants and many others moved seamlessly between institutional and private, as well as formal and informal, credit. The article shows that wage earners and state servants were central to the transformation of the early modern credit market. For them, the credit market and the bank offered investment opportunities that matched their skills and circumstances.
Handlungskompetenz und Adaptivität in der Sprachförderung
Authors: Böse Jannika , Scherger Anna-Lena
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die entwicklungsproximale Anpassung (Adaptivität) von Inhalten an die Lernausgangslage von Kindern gilt als Voraussetzung erfolgreicher Fördermaßnahmen. Dies gilt auch für den Bereich der Sprachförderung. So wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Adaptivität des sprachlichen Angebots entsprechend der kindlichen Ausgangslage mit einem größeren Erfolg der Sprachförderung einhergeht. Grundlagenwissen sowie diagnostische Kompetenzen werden dabei als Voraussetzungen betrachtet. Methode: Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit der Veränderung von Handlungskompetenzen pädagogischer Fachkräfte in Bezug auf Sprachförderung im Rahmen eines Fortbildungsprojekts. Untersucht wurde die Sprachförder-Performanz in Bezug auf die Häufigkeit des Einsatzes zuvor erlernter Sprachförderstrategien vor und nach der Interventionszeit mittels Videoanalyse. Für die Überprüfung der Adaptivität wurde der Sprachstand der teilnehmenden Kinder in die Analysen einbezogen. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die teilnehmenden Fachkräfte nach der Intervention häufiger komplexe Sprachförderstrategien anwenden, während einfache Sprachförderstrategien zum zweiten Testzeitpunkt weniger häufig angewendet wurden. Zusammen mit weiteren Ergebnissen des Projekts zeigt dies, dass Veränderungen auf allen erhobenen Kompetenzebenen der Fachkräfte zu beobachten sind. Es konnte jedoch zu beiden Testzeitpunkten kein adaptives sprachförderliches Verhalten festgestellt werden. Diskussion: Vor dem Hintergrund der Gesamtergebnisse werden im vorliegenden Artikel methodische und theoretische Aspekte adaptiver Sprachförderung diskutiert.
The Mediating Role of Partner Evaluations in the Associations Between Attachment Orientation and Partner Regulation Strategies
Authors: Chesterman Susan M. , Karantzas Gery C. , Aloni James , Wilmot Penelope
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The current study investigated how a partner falling short of the desired standard may act as a mediator in the association between attachment orientations and the strategies people use to change qualities of their partners (termed partner regulation). The proposed mediation model was tested on a large sample ( N = 965) recruited from the community. The results revealed that for attachment anxiety, evaluating a partner as falling short of the ideal standards of warmth and status mediated associations with negative and positive regulation strategies. For attachment avoidance, evaluating a partner as falling short of ideal standards of attractiveness and status mediated associations with negative and positive regulation strategies.
The Transmission of Pc 3 Waves From the Foreshock Into the Earth's Magnetosphere: 3D Global Hybrid Simulation
Authors: Sun Jicheng , Ren Junyi , Lu Quanming , Zhang Beichen , Yang Huigen
Published: October 2024

Although initially it was presumed that foreshock waves would propagate directly into the dayside magnetosphere, observational evidence for sinusoidal Pc3 waves in the downstream of quasi‐parallel shocks is scarce. The transmission of these waves from the foreshock into the magnetosphere remains uncertain. In this paper, we employ a 3D global hybrid simulation at a realistic scale to explore the generation and transmission of the dayside ULF waves under a radial interplanetary magnetic field. Our findings demonstrate that the Pc3 waves are self‐consistently generated in the foreshock region and then transmitted into the magnetosheath and magnetosphere. In the foreshock, the waves are excited at approximately 25 mHz and exhibit right‐handed helicity in the plasma frame, characterizing them as quasi‐parallel fast magnetosonic waves. In the magnetosphere, the fluctuating magnetic field is mainly parallel to the background magnetic field, which indicates the dominant wave modes are compressional. Fluctuations in the magnetosheath show a broader spectrum (10–100 mHz) compared to those in the magnetosphere and foreshock, potentially explaining the little observation of sinusoidal Pc3 waves in the magnetosheath. Additionally, only lower frequency compressional waves (below 30 mHz) are effectively transmitted into the dayside magnetosphere. Our simulation provides critical insights into the interactions between the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere.
Vertical Structure and Seasonal Variability of Chlorophyll Concentrations in the Southern Tropical Indian Ocean Revealed by Biogeochemical Argo Data
Authors: Ma Xueying , Chen Gengxin , Chu Xiaoqing , Xiu Peng
Published: October 2024

The variability of chlorophyll (Chla) in the Southern Tropical Indian Ocean (STIO) is not fully understood. This study utilized biogeochemical Argo (BGC‐Argo) and satellite observations to investigate the seasonal Chla variations in the upper layer (above 200 m) and their relationships to physical dynamics. The results indicate the existence of a well‐developed deep Chla maximum (DCM) layer situated between depths of 50 and 150 m. The shallowest DCM was at the Seychelles‐Chagos thermocline ridge because of permanent upwelling. Both the northern (4°S–12°S, 52°E−92°E) and southern (12°S–25°S, 52°E−92°E) regions experience surface blooms during July–August. However, they exhibit distinct Chla changes in response to different physical processes and nitrate concentrations below the mixed layer. In the northern region, the thermocline plays a critical role in regulating DCM depth and intensity. From April to June, subsurface upwelling and near‐surface stratification processes promote nutrient and Chla accumulation in the subsurface layer, resulting in elevated surface Chla levels in the subsequent months. In contrast, the southern region is characterized by oligotrophic conditions, where light availability primarily governs Chla variability below the mixed layer. Specifically, from November to January, when light intensity intensifies, Chla increases below the mixed layer. Furthermore, BGC‐Argo data revealed a long‐lived cyclonic eddy that facilitated the westward transport of Chla, significantly contributing to surface Chla blooms through eddy‐pumping and eddy‐trapping mechanisms. This research elucidates the fundamental characteristics of Chla distribution from a three‐dimensional perspective and furthers our understanding of the complex biophysical interactions within the STIO.
Experimental evidence on the role of framing, difficulty and domain-similarity in shaping behavioral spillovers
Authors: León Anja Köbrich , Picard Julien , Schobin Janosch
Published: October 2024

Does prompting people to volunteer for the climate spur or hamper further environmental engagement? We address this question in an online experiment with 10,670 German respondents. First, respondents read a text explaining how to help scientists fight climate change. Second, participants choose whether to do a real-effort task, like the behavior emphasized in the text. Third, respondents can sign a petition against climate change. In Study 1, we manipulate the narrative of the texts. We compare narratives condemning inaction or praising climate action against a neutral narrative (control) and an unrelated article (placebo). In Study 2, we investigate how the difficulty of the first behavior moderates behavioral spillovers. In Study 3, we test if the similarity between the domains of the two behaviors (e.g., environment, health) moderates spillover effects. None of our narratives increase the uptake of the real-effort task. Doing the real-effort task does not increase the likelihood of signing the petition either. Difficulty and domain-similarity do not moderate these effects.

Protocol registration The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on January 1, 2023. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JPT8G.
Multi-label dental disorder diagnosis based on MobileNetV2 and swin transformer using bagging ensemble classifier
Authors: Alsakar Yasmin M. , Elazab Naira , Nader Nermeen , Mohamed Waleed , Ezzat Mohamed , Elmogy Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Dental disorders are common worldwide, causing pain or infections and limiting mouth opening, so dental conditions impact productivity, work capability, and quality of life. Manual detection and classification of oral diseases is time-consuming and requires dentists’ evaluation and examination. The dental disease detection and classification system based on machine learning and deep learning will aid in early dental disease diagnosis. Hence, this paper proposes a new diagnosis system for dental diseases using X-ray imaging. The framework includes a robust pre-processing phase that uses image normalization and adaptive histogram equalization to improve image quality and reduce variation. A dual-stream approach is used for feature extraction, utilizing the advantages of Swin Transformer for capturing long-range dependencies and global context and MobileNetV2 for effective local feature extraction. A thorough representation of dental anomalies is produced by fusing the extracted features. To obtain reliable and broadly applicable classification results, a bagging ensemble classifier is utilized in the end. We evaluate our model on a benchmark dental radiography dataset. The experimental results and comparisons show the superiority of the proposed system with 95.7% for precision, 95.4% for sensitivity, 95.7% for specificity, 95.5% for Dice similarity coefficient, and 95.6% for accuracy. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our hybrid model integrating MoileNetv2 and Swin Transformer architectures, outperforming state-of-the-art techniques in classifying dental diseases using dental panoramic X-ray imaging. This framework presents a promising method for robustly and accurately diagnosing dental diseases automatically, which may help dentists plan treatments and identify dental diseases early on.
Chronic hypoxia for the adaptation of extracellular vesicle phenotype
Authors: Pridgeon Chris S. , Airavaara Kerttu , Monola Julia , Jokela Alisa , Palmer Daniel , Yliperttula Marjo , Harjumäki Riina
Published: October 2024

Variations in oxygen level affect the phenotype of cells and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Depending on the metabolic oxygen demand of cells, hypoxic cell culture can produce conditions more like those found in vivo, and with appropriate oxygen levels, mimic hypoxic tumours. However, most previous experiments studying both EVs and the effects of hypoxia on cells use periods of 72 h or less of hypoxia. We hypothesised that this was insufficient time for adaptation to hypoxic conditions both for EVs and cells which may skew the results of such studies. In this study, the effects of acute (72 h) and chronic hypoxia (> 2 weeks) on the phenotype of HepG2 and PC3 cells and their EVs were examined. Cells could be cultured normally under chronic hypoxic conditions and cryopreserved and recovered. The effects of hypoxia on EV phenotype are slow to establish and dependent on cell line. In PC3 cells, the greatest change in phenotype and increase in EV production occurred only with chronic hypoxic culture. In HepG2 cells, the number of EVs produced was insensitive to hypoxic culture and the greatest changes in protein expression were observed after acute hypoxic culture. Nonetheless, biphasic changes in EV phenotype were detected in both cell types in response to either acute or chronic hypoxia. These results indicate that for cells which do not induce consumptive oxygen depletion, prolonged hypoxic culture is required for complete adaptation.
Efficacy and safety of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma in chronic wound treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Yalong , Wang Xingtong , Li Yucong , Li Dawei , Li Shijie , Shen Chuanan
Published: October 2024

Allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (al-PRP) is gaining attention in clinical practice for treating chronic refractory wounds, though research results remain controversial. To assess the clinical efficacy of al-PRP for chronic refractory wounds. Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and WFPD were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing al-PRP with conventional treatments up to October 2023. Two researchers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality. Statistical analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4, and potential publication bias was assessed and corrected using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Twelve studies with 717 cases were included. Meta-analysis showed al-PRP significantly improved outcomes compared to non-al-PRP treatments: increased healing rate (RR 2.72, 95% CI 1.77–4.19, p < 0.00001), shortened healing time (SMD − 1.03, 95% CI -1.31 to -0.75, p < 0.00001), improved efficacy rate (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10–1.28, p < 0.00001), increased wound shrinkage (MD 35.65%, 95% CI 21.65–49.64, p < 0.00001), and reduced hospital stays (MD -2.62, 95% CI -4.35 to -0.90, p = 0.003). Al-PRP is a feasible, effective, and safe biological therapy for chronic refractory wounds.

Trial registration: PROSPERO Identifier CRD42022374920.
Relative pose estimation from panoramic images using a hybrid neural network architecture
Authors: Offermann Lars
Published: October 2024

Camera-based relative pose estimation (RPE) localizes a mobile robot given a view at the current position and an image at a reference location. Matching the landmarks between views is critical to localization quality. Common challenges are appearance changes, for example due to differing illumination. Indirect RPE methods extract high-level features that provide invariance against appearance changes but neglect the remaining image data. This can lead to poor pose estimates in scenes with little detail. Direct RPE methods mitigate this issue by operating on the pixel level with only moderate preprocessing, but invariances have to be achieved by different means. We propose to attain illumination invariance for the direct RPE algorithm MinWarping by integrating it with a convolutional neural network for image preprocessing, creating a hybrid architecture. We optimize network parameters using a metric on RPE quality, backpropagating through MinWarping and the network. We focus on planar movement, panoramic images, and indoor scenes with varying illumination conditions; a novel dataset for this setup is recorded and used for analysis. Our method compares favourably against the previous best preprocessing method for MinWarping, edge filtering, and against a modern deep-learning-based indirect RPE pipeline. Analysis of the trained hybrid architecture indicates that neglecting landmarks in a direct RPE framework can improve estimation quality in scenes with occlusion and few details.
Self-control study of multi-omics in identification of microenvironment characteristics in urine of uric acid stone
Authors: Xu Shang , Liu Zhi-Long , Zhang Tian-Wei , Li Bin , Wang Xin-Ning , Jiao Wei
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to perform proteomic and metabolomic analyses in bilateral renal pelvis urine of patients with unilateral uric acid kidney stones to identify the specific urinary environment associated with uric acid stone formation. Using cystoscopy-guided insertion of ureteral catheters, bilateral renal pelvis urine samples are collected. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is employed to identify differentially expressed proteins and metabolites in the urine environment. Differentially expressed proteins and metabolites are further analyzed for their biological functions and potential metabolic pathways through Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. In the urine from the stone-affected side, eight differential proteins were significantly upregulated, and six metabolites were dysregulated. The uric acid stone urinary environment showed an excess of α-ketoisovaleric acid and 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, which may contribute to the acidification of the urine. Functional and pathway analyses indicate that the dysregulated metabolites are mainly associated with insulin resistance and branched chain amino acid metabolism.
XElemNet: towards explainable AI for deep neural networks in materials science
Authors: Wang Kewei , Gupta Vishu , Lee Claire Songhyun , Mao Yuwei , Kilic Muhammed Nur Talha , Li Youjia , Huang Zanhua , Liao Wei-keng , Choudhary Alok , Agrawal Ankit
Published: October 2024

Recent progress in deep learning has significantly impacted materials science, leading to accelerated material discovery and innovation. ElemNet, a deep neural network model that predicts formation energy from elemental compositions, exemplifies the application of deep learning techniques in this field. However, the “black-box” nature of deep learning models often raises concerns about their interpretability and reliability. In this study, we propose XElemNet to explore the interpretability of ElemNet by applying a series of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques, focusing on post-hoc analysis and model transparency. The experiments with artificial binary datasets reveal ElemNet’s effectiveness in predicting convex hulls of element-pair systems across periodic table groups, indicating its capability to effectively discern elemental interactions in most cases. Additionally, feature importance analysis within ElemNet highlights alignment with chemical properties of elements such as reactivity and electronegativity. XElemNet provides insights into the strengths and limitations of ElemNet and offers a potential pathway for explaining other deep learning models in materials science.
Impact of offensive team variables on goal scoring in the first division of the spanish soccer league: a comprehensive 10-year study
Authors: Prieto-González Pablo , Martín Víctor , Pacholek Martin , Sal-de-Rellán Alejandro , Marcelino Rui
Published: October 2024

This study assessed the impact of team offensive variables on goals scored in Spain’s first-division soccer league from 2012–2013 to 2021–2022. A nomothetic multidimensional study was conducted, following the STROBE checklist. From 115 team variables available in the INSTAT database, 57 offensive metrics were selected. The selection was performed independently by five researchers to ensure comprehensive inclusion of relevant metrics. The data included 38 league matches each season, involving 30 teams. The study identified key offensive performance metrics strongly correlated with goals scored. These include shots on target (r = 0.898), chances created (r = 0.871), penalty box entries (r = 0.852), positional attacks with shots (r = 0.818), total shots (r = 0.807), central attacks with shots (r = 0.804), accurate passes (r = 0.760), and efficiency in positional attacks (r = 0.755). The findings underscore the importance of specific offensive metrics in enhancing goal-scoring capabilities. Coaches can improve their team’s offensive performance by focusing on passing accuracy, dribbling, and maximizing scoring chances. Successful teams consistently convert attacks into shots on goal through various situations, including central attacks, flanks, counterattacks, corners, and set pieces. Tactical adjustments based on these insights can optimize offensive effectiveness.
Longevity of size-dependent particle removal performance of do-it-yourself box fan air filters
Authors: Pistochini Theresa , Jaeger Graham , Cappa Christopher D. , Corsi Richard L.
Published: October 2024

Filtration performance of do-it-yourself (DIY) box fan air filters deployed across a university campus was assessed over an academic year.
Interlaboratory comparison of endotoxin contamination assessment of nanomaterials
Authors: Hannon Gary , Heaton Bethany J. , Plant-Hately Alexander , David Christopher , Liptrott Neill J. , Egizabal Ainhoa , Ayerdi-Izquierdo Ana , Alvarez Noelia , Ibarrola Oihane , Celaya Andres Arbona , Del Pozo Perez Angel , Lazcanoiturburu Nerea , Luzuriaga Iris , Zegeye Fikirte Debebe , Zienolddiny-Narui Shanbeh , Jacobs An , Van Driessche Alexandra , Nelissen Inge , Abasolo Ibane , Andrade Fernanda , Ventosa Nora , González-Mira Elisabet , Carreño Aida , Prina-Mello Adriele
Published: October 2024

Endotoxin contamination is a significant hurdle to the translation of nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
Recent advances in MXene-based composites for piezoelectric sensors
Authors: Jin Long , Ao Yong , Xu Tianpei , Zou Yulin , Yang Weiqing
Published: October 2024

This review systematically discusses various MXene composites, exploring the impact of incorporating different materials on the piezoelectric properties and the overall efficiency of sensors. Images reproduced with permission, full details in paper.
Smart fabrics with liquid metal reinforced PU/CNT/MXene multilayer structures for constructing multifunctional sensors and wearable electronics
Authors: Lin Haijiao , Wang Hui , Yang Yongguang , Zhang Yuxuan , Li Ling , Zhao Youwei , Zhang Wenming
Published: October 2024

Smart fabrics with liquid metal reinforced PU/CNT/MXene multilayer structures for constructing multifunctional sensors and wearable electronics.
Metal surface effects on single upconverting nanoparticle luminescence and thermometry signals
Authors: Ye Ziyang , Signor Laura , Cohan Molly , Pickel Andrea D.
Published: October 2024

The emission intensity of individual upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) on metal surfaces is determined by an interplay between quenching and reflection effects, while the ratiometric thermometry signal is unaffected by the underlying material.
Modelling smurfing patterns in cryptocurrencies with integer partitions
Authors: Koelbing Marlene , Kieseberg Klaus , Çulha Ceren , Garn Bernhard , Simos Dimitris E.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose the modelling of patterns of financial transactions ‐ with a focus on the domain of cryptocurrencies ‐ as splittings and present a method for generating such splittings utilizing integer partitions. We study current money laundering regulations and directives concerning thresholds for monitoring of financial transactions. We further exemplify that, by having the partitions respect these threshold criteria, the splittings generated from them can be used for modelling illicit transactional behavior such as is shown by smurfing. In addition, we conduct an analysis of the splittings occurring in money laundering efforts that took place in the aftermath of the Upbit hack. Based on the potential weaknesses identified by our research, we finally provide suggestions on how to improve current AML techniques and initiatives towards more effective AML efforts.
Two‐stage economic dispatch of railway FTPSS considering system voltage characteristic
Authors: Peng Gaoqiang , Chen Minwu , Li Bo , Xu Mei
Published: October 2024

The flexible traction power supply system (FTPSS), integrating power flow controller (PFC), energy storage system, and photovoltaic (PV) system, is able to cancel the neutral section, realize the collaborative operation of multiple traction substations (MTSs), and enhance the efficient utilization of regenerative braking energy (RBE) and renewable energy in electrified railways. However, co‐dispatching energy among MTSs influences the power flow distribution within the traction network, impacting the traction network voltage (TNV). Maintaining optimal energy dispatch while ensuring compliance with TNV standards is critical. Therefore, a two‐stage energy optimal dispatch and control strategy is proposed for FTPSS here. The first stage develops a synergistic energy optimal dispatch model for MTSs considering TNV constraint and power flow constraints, aimed at maximizing the utilization of RBE and PV while minimizing the electricity cost of FTPSS. In the second stage, a control strategy for multiple converters is designed to ensure the dynamic response of FTPSS. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy and model is substantiated through field load data and experimental validation, and the electricity cost of the FTPSS is reduced by about 21.4%, meanwhile the TNV is maintained in the range of 22.5–29 kV.