bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Analysis Concerning Universal Basic Income - Perceptions in Portugal
Authors: Ribeiro Diamantino , Costa António Pedro , Ribeiro João Filipe
Published: November 2021

The economic and social debate has been intensifying globally as a result of concerns about the increase in poverty in the world and the progressive separation between rich and poor. There is an urgent need to find ways and alternatives that can be tested and put into practice. This is an exploratory study on the perception of the Portuguese regarding Unconditional Basic Income or Universal Basic Income (UBI). UBI has defenders and opponents, both parties with convincing arguments about its practical applicability, however, conclusions cannot be reached without experience in the field and convincing results. Likewise, the idea should not be abandoned without understanding its real applicability, as its success could be important for the future development of the world. Studies on the UBI are still in their infancy. Therefore, Portugal’s contribution to the enrichment of knowledge within the topics of “the future of work” and “work of the future” and, more specifically, about UBI, is seen as urgent. In this context, we prepared and analysed a survey, having obtained 273 valid responses. The results of the qualitative analysis on which this study focuses allow us to infer that there are still many flaws in the management and leadership of human resources and, among other aspects, that, in general, the respondents would prefer to work even though they might eventually receive a UBI.
Harmonization of the National Legislation on Cosmetic Products in the Context of the Standardization of the European Legislation in the Field
Authors: Erimia Cristina-Luiza
Published: November 2021

Considering the concern of the European Union to implement an internal market for cosmetic products which also ensures a high level of human health protection and that cosmetics is one of the industrial activities in the EU affected by counterfeiting, which may increase the risks to human health, this article examines how European horizontal legislation is implemented in national law. This article aims to present the legal instruments created at EU level to consolidate the safety of cosmetic products and to strengthen the surveillance of the cosmetic products introduced on the market, but also to protect consumers, taking into account that in order to ensure an effective control of the market it is necessary to have a high degree of administrative cooperation between the competent authorities of the Member States. Moreover, the article aims to present the active role undertaken by the cosmetics industry in developing alternative testing methods within the Horizon 2020 Programme.
Portuguese and Brazilian Family Business: in Between Urgency and Delay Perceptions in the Succession Process
Authors: Marques Ana Paula , Silva Leandro Alves da
Published: November 2021

Family business has been the focus of several studies over the last two decades and its relevance has been supported by the interdisciplinary perspectives in the fields of management, entrepreneurship, economics, psychology, and sociology. Despite that, there is still insufficient knowledge about the key role of family influences in the business, namely the intergenerational management succession, its planning and effectiveness. According to a recent research focused on the entrepreneurial succession in Portugal (AEP, 2011), 50 percent of family businesses are not passed on to the second generation and only 20 percent reach the third generation. In fact, business succession planning has been identified as one of the most challenging steps in the life of the family firm, both in maintaining the competiveness of the business, and in overcoming intra/ inter family conflicts. Nonetheless, resistance to succession, relationship founder/ successor, planning of succession, and type of organisational culture, among others, explain how executive succession is one of the most important and hardest tasks in organisational life (Zahra, 2005). This paper will be supported mainly by qualitative data, taking into account the main results from the project “Roadmap for Portuguese Family Businesses” (NORTE2020/FEDER) developed in Portugal (Marques, 2018) and in Brazil (Silva, 2018), which analyses in-depth interviews conducted to Portuguese (N 23) and Brazilian (N 11) founders/managers/owners. In the present article we wish to discuss the main management challenges of a family business, particularly the importance of succession preparation and the role of the family in the socialisation of the second (third or subsequent) generation.
Explorative Study of the Impact of Self Confidence among Type 2 Diabetes of Hazaribag District
Authors: Singh Charanpreet
Published: November 2021

The fear psychosis of diabetics such as cardiac panic attack, renal failure, diabetic retinopathy, blindness etc. not only demolishes one’s self confidence but also distort one’s healthy personality life. Pondering over these paramount important points this research was conducted to measure and analyses the impact of self confidence among diabetics. For this 200 samples from Hazaribag District were selected. Incidental cum purposive sampling technique was adopted. The samples were divided into two groups- diabetics and non-diabetics. Again the subjects were divided on the basis of gender- (No.50-male diabetic) (No .50-female diabetic) - (No.50- non diabetic male) - (No.50- non diabetic female.) Two scales namely Personal Data Sheet and Self Confidence Scale by Rekha Agnihotri were administered on these groups. Data was collected, tabulated and analyzed with the help of Mean, SDs and t.-ratio of acquired data. And it was found that t was not significant. So, it can be said that there is no difference in self-confidence between diabetics and non-diabetics. Several factor like age, well settled retirement, religiosity, and enjoying social life same as non-diabetics etc. All this essential factors enhances their self-confidence and were also found responsible for this finding.
Isolated Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Tenosynovitis and Osteomyelitis of the Foot in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors:   East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine, USA, A Elgazzar , A Cecchini ,   Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine, USA, RI Elmezayen ,   Department of Infectious Diseases, Mountain Home Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, USA
Published: November 2021

Tubercular osteomyelitis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of immunocompetent patients who present with non-healing wounds with underlying osteomyelitis. Clinical and radiological findings may be indistinguishable from typical bacteria osteomyelitis. A high index of suspicion may prevent delayed diagnosis, and early treatment may prevent subsequent complications. This is a case report of an immunocompetent patient who presented with a chronic non-healing foot wound complicated by abscess and osteomyelitis that did not improve with an appropriate course of intravenous antibiotics. Wound cultures subsequently grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis without evidence of pulmonary involvement. The patient was treated with an initial two-month regimen of rifampin, isoniazid, pyridoxine, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, followed by a tenmonth regimen of rifampin, isoniazid and pyridoxine. The patient experienced significant improvement and complete healing of the foot wound after approximately the first two months of therapy.
Structural basis of membrane recognition of Toxoplasma gondii vacuole by Irgb6
Authors: Saijo-Hamano Yumiko , Sherif Aalaa Alrahman , Pradipta Ariel , Sasai Miwa , Sakai Naoki , Sakihama Yoshiaki , Yamamoto Masahiro , Standley Daron M , Nitta Ryo
Published: November 2021

The p47 immunity-related GTPase (IRG) Irgb6 plays a pioneering role in host defense against Toxoplasma gondii infection. Irgb6 is recruited to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) formed by T. gondii and disrupts it. Despite the importance of this process, the molecular mechanisms accounting for PVM recognition by Irgb6 remain elusive because of lack of structural information on Irgb6. Here we report the crystal structures of mouse Irgb6 in the GTP-bound and nucleotide-free forms. Irgb6 exhibits a similar overall architecture to other IRGs in which GTP binding induces conformational changes in both the dimerization interface and the membrane-binding interface. The membrane-binding interface of Irgb6 assumes a unique conformation, composed of N- and C-terminal helical regions forming a phospholipid binding site. In silico docking of phospholipids further revealed membrane-binding residues that were validated through mutagenesis and cell-based assays. Collectively, these data demonstrate a novel structural basis for Irgb6 to recognize T. gondii PVM in a manner distinct from other IRGs.
A FOLHA INFORMATIVA DO ENSINO TÉCNICO: UMA FERRAMENTA DE PARTILHA DE EXPERIÊNCIAS
Authors: Matos José Manuel , Rodrigues Alexandra Sofia Cunha
Published: November 2021

Em janeiro de 1967 começa a ser publicada a Folha Informativa dos Professores do 1.º Grupo (E. T. P.) que é o primeiro periódico português consagrado exclusivamente à educação matemática no ensino técnico. A “Folha” destinava-se a acompanhar a experiência de introdução da Matemática Moderna nesse ramo de ensino apoiando os professores responsáveis pela lecionação das disciplinas relacionadas com a matemática, e publica 66 números e 9 suplementos até março de 1972. Este artigo estuda a importância assumida por esta revista, na comunidade de professores de matemática, para promover a partilha de experiências e melhorar o ensino da disciplina.
PROGRAMA CURRICULAR PARA O ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA NA DÉCADA DE 1960 – SALVADOR/BAHIA
Authors: Freire Inês Angélica Andrade , Lando Janice Cassia , Lima Eliene Barbosa
Published: November 2021

Na década de 1960, na Bahia, um grupo de professores de matemática tanto do ensino superior como da educação básica elaborou um programa curricular para o ensino de matemática no secundário, o qual foi viabilizado, em caráter experimental, por meio de apostilas e livros didáticos em sala de aula e, posteriormente, publicados e utilizados em maior escala. Assim, este artigo analisou historicamente a proposta do programa curricular de autoria do grupo de professores da Bahia, materializada na produção Coleção Matemática Moderna com saberes matemáticos e metodológicos norteados pelas recomendações internacionais do Movimento da Matemática Moderna, de forma local, historicamente situados e com uma dinâmica social que acomodou as diferentes concepções sobre os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem em matemática. A legitimidade, nesse período, de constituição de classes experimentais, possibilitou experimentações e avaliações desse programa curricular de matemática em escolas da educação básica, na cidade de Salvador, Bahia.
Participation in Place-Making: Enhancing the Wellbeing of Marginalised Communities in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors:   , Ricketts Andrea
Published: November 2021

This research examines the relationship between community participation in public space decisions and the wellbeing of marginalised communities. A cross-disciplinary literature review and four New Zealand case studies investigate if community participation in public space design enhances the wellbeing of marginalised communities, and if so, how this is best done. The findings from the literature review, case study interviews and surveys show strong evidence that participation in place-making does enhance the wellbeing of marginalised communities in New Zealand. Furthermore, four aspects of community wellbeing stand out as being most significantly enhanced by participatory processes. These are an increased empowerment, enhanced vision-making and advocacy capabilities, an increased collective action and an enhanced sense of pride, belonging and connectedness to community. The findings also identify a comprehensive range of processes that are critical to effective participatory projects. The range includes community-led support initiatives, community involvement in social analysis, celebration events, engagement processes for visioning and decision-making, work-group collaboration, involvement in implementing, partnerships with stakeholders and post-project involvements. Two actions that are critical to gaining authentic engagement in these processes is participant involvement in the initial preparation processes and the appointment of a community advocate to plan and facilitate the participatory process. This research is distinguished by identifying effective participatory processes that are typically under-utilised or not considered in conventional public consultation work. Furthermore, it provides strong evidence that these participatory processes enhance the wellbeing of marginalised communities.
The Quest to Quit: an Exploration of the Cessation - Relapse Cycle of Cigarette Smoking
Authors:   , Hooper Carolyn May
Published: November 2021

The smoker's perspective is seldom sought in cessation research. Consequently, cessation approaches may be less effective because they are not based on assumptions and interpretations shared by those who smoke. Understanding how chronic relapsing smokers interpret their predicament could enhance cessation approaches, improving the chances for complete, permanent cessation. To generate such an understanding, five participants were recruited who had attempted to quit smoking several times. Aiming for depth rather than breadth, multiple interviews were conducted with each participant, who also kept an event diary, recording current smoking, nicotine withdrawal, lapsing and relapsing. Narratology, a biographical method of symbolic interactionism drawing on thematic, structural, and dialogic analysis, was used to elicit the participants' points of view from interview and diary data. The findings show that participants make sense of their chronic relapsing through a master narrative of 'willpower versus weakness'. Meanwhile, the tobacco control domain is largely driven by 'cost', and subsidised treatments are driven by the 'addiction' master narrative. This gap between ways of making sense of smoking and relapse can cause self-stigma, reducing the likelihood that quitting will be attempted and that quit attempts will succeed. Changes are proposed to mitigate the negative effects on self-efficacy brought about through the present approach to tobacco control. Ways to improve the effectiveness of existing treatments are suggested. Finally, the value of the narrative method is highlighted, with suggestions for its use in research where elucidating the insider point of view may improve treatment outcomes.
Sustainable Accountability: a Dualist Vedic Perspective
Authors:   , Stewart-Jacks Samuel David
Published: November 2021

This thesis offers a theory of sustainable accountability informed by Vedic philosophy. Although Vedic philosophy is often described as the philosophy of ancient India, this thesis will explain how relative factors, such as time and place, do not exclude one from experiencing the taste of what is described as the ripened fruit of the tree that is the Vedic literatures. The implications the Vedas have for sustainability stem mainly from their alternative notions of the self and its needs. The Vedas hold that upon a correct evaluation of the needs of the self, an individual will be completely satisfied and will therefore not desire to live and consume in a way that is destructive to their surrounding environment and its inhabitants. Within the Vedic paradigm there are two main divisions of thought - the dualist and non-dualist schools of philosophy. Because they differ in their conceptions of the self, these schools differ markedly in their notions of accountability, welfare and theories of sustainability and social change. Within the social accounting literature, a non-dualist theory of sustainable accountability has been given by Saravanamuthu (2006), but a dualist opinion has not yet been presented. This thesis seeks to introduce dualist Vedic philosophy and its theory of sustainability, and describe how a system of accountability could be constructed upon such a philosophy. In the past, academic scholarship has frowned upon sacred forms of knowledge such as the Vedas, and has considered their claims to be unverifiable. Therefore this thesis also asserts, using arguments from the critical realist ontology, that sacred forms of knowledge such as the Vedas should be admissible in academic circles.
An Exploratory Case Study into the Cultural Effects on Knowledge Management Practices in the Solomon Islands
Authors:   , Sanga Joseph Baeoro
Published: November 2021

Knowledge management (KM) is an emerging discipline and in recent years it has received increased attention both from academics and practitioners. At the academic front, the major debate is over the conceptual plurality of KM. This is as a result of the subject having its roots from various disciplines. To practitioners the subject is attractive since it promises the management of knowledge, an abstract concept and the most elusive one to manage. Some think KM is just another fad but the realities experienced by multinational corporations trying to do business across cultures forces both academics and practitioners to constantly think about knowledge management and culture. This thesis posits that there is such a thing as national cultures. In this work, Solomon Islands' national culture with its main features of multiplicity of subcultures, bigmanism, wantokism, pijin and the people's experiences through mission work, government and war are highlighted as providing encouragement and also barriers to knowledge management. Using De Long and Fahey's four frameworks, a case study was conducted informed by the ethnographic tradition. The study drew on methodological triangulation which included semistructured interviews, focus groups, document analysis and observations. The use of multiple data collection tools was employed to ensure convergence of data and the dependability of this work. This study finds two important considerations. First, important knowledge is cognitive understanding and to a lesser extent technical. Structured knowledge is not central to KM. There are two reasons given for this view. One, due to scarcity of resources, there is high competition for education which is regarded as cognitive knowledge, although in practice it is structured knowledge. Two, indigenous knowing is socially constructed and mainly exists in tacit form. Second, even when solicited, participation from subordinates is difficult to come by. This behaviour is embedded in kastom relating to bigmanism. This thesis contributes both to theory and practice. The main theoretical contribution is the argument that knowledge management theorist must take into consideration the effects of national cultures on knowledge recognition and the evaluation of knowledge management concepts. For practitioners, an understanding of the recipient culture is critical for implementing proposed changes. Particularly for Solomon Islands practitioners, a special awareness is necessary from leadership to understand the minds of workers, otherwise change interventions will always be a frustrating vocation.
The Magnetic Properties of Selected Rare Earth Nitrides Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors:   , Ludbrook B. M.
Published: November 2021

Gadolinium nitride (GdN) and samarium nitride (SmN) are grown by pulsed laser deposition on yttria stabilised zirconia substrates.  Surface and structural characterisation shows that the thin films are epitaxial with crystallites of up to 30 nm in diameter and a very large in plane coherence length. A novel oxide layer is observed at the substrate-film interface, caused by oxygen in the substrate reacting with the deposited rare earth element. GdN is found to be ferromagnetic below 70 K with a saturation moment of 7 Bohr magneton per ion. The relationship between the crystal structure and the magnetisation is investigated using ferromagnetic resonance and a weak easy axis along the [111] azimuth is reported. Hall effect measurements show the carriers are electrons, present in concentrations of 1020/cm3. Magnetic measurements on SmN show the presence of metallic droplets, but correcting for these, the Curie temperature is found to be 30 K.We report on preliminary growths of europium nitride and show the valence of the Eu is 3+, solving an outstanding theoretical question.
Precipitation in the Waikato River Catchment
Authors:   , Dravitzki Stacey Maree
Published: November 2021

Observational data and numerical models were used to investigate precipitation in and around the Waikato River catchment. This economically important catchment relies on a dependable precipitation supply for agriculture and hydroelectric generation, with stations generally receiving 2,000 +/- 300 mm of precipitation annually. Long-term and inter-annual variability of total and extreme precipitation were examined using up to 100 years of observational data. Precipitation volumes within the catchment were represented by a five-day smoothed, area-averaged time series, and extreme events were defined as exceeding the 95th percentile. Atmospheric circulation oscillations correlated with the frequency of light precipitation but not with the probability of occurrence or with the magnitude of heavy precipitation events. Also no significant linear variations in precipitation (either annual totals or extreme precipitation characteristics) were found over this period, although temperature increased by 1.15+/-0.45'. A total of 63 heavy precipitation events were identified between 1996 and 2001. An analysis of the prevailing synoptic conditions reveal that heavy precipitation was associated with the passage of cold fronts of cyclones with minima at both 500 and 1000 mb heights. Extended periods of enhanced baroclinicity (succession of cyclones) or blocking anticyclones east of New Zealand have led to flooding in the Waikato catchment. Storm tracking showed that 10% of cyclones originating in the Tasman Sea result in heavy precipitation in the catchment. The accuracy and value of the GFS global precipitation forecasts <= 180 hours were investigated. Depending on forecast lag, the global models correctly predicted the presence of precipitation in 70-80% of forecasts, but the magnitude and distribution were often inaccurate. The probability of receiving precipitation is increased when more members of a lagged ensemble predict it. Forecasts with lags shorter than approximately 96 hours were appropriate to use as boundary constraints for mesoscale modelling. The ability and limitations of mesoscale models to simulate the spatial distribution of precipitation were examined through high-resolution WRF simulations of three heavy precipitation events, and ten different model settings were compared for the January 2006 event. The model consistently under-predicted precipitation. The timing and location of convective precipitation, which accounted for 50% of the precipitation during two events, was physically unconstrained but regional totals were comparable to observations. A continuous two-year numerical simulation was run to provide a precipitation climatology for data-sparse areas. The simulation gave good spatial representation of precipitation and other meteorological variables but tended to under estimate the magnitude of heavy precipitation and over-estimate light precipitation.
Changing Climate and Changing Behaviour: Perceptions of Powerlessness and the Commons Dilemma
Authors:   , Aitken Christopher
Published: November 2021

Mitigating climate change is recognized as an increasingly urgent task that requires several different methods to achieve. Among these is the need to encourage voluntary behaviour change. Doing so necessitates an understanding of the barriers that prevent behaviour change, including those which are psychological. Among the psychological barriers to change are perceptions of powerlessness and the commons dilemma. This thesis takes a mixed method approach to understand importance of these in relation to both each other and other barriers when taking action to mitigate climate change. Results indicate that individuals do not clearly distinguish climate change from general environmental problems and have a tendency to simplify the issues to that considered to be the singularly most important. Powerlessness and the commons dilemma had been evaluated but not extensively or as specifically applicable to climate change. Powerlessness and the commons dilemma were both found to relate to lower amounts of action on climate change and less importance placed upon climate change in actions. Perceived risk and human influence on climate change were the strongest predictors of action. Results generally support the knowledge-deficit model of behaviour change as being applicable to climate change.
Evaluating a Group-Based Sustainability Intervention Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors:   , Davie Morgan Geddes
Published: November 2021

Meeting the challenge of anthropogenic climate change will require widespread adoption of more sustainable behaviours. However, although attitudes towards sustainable behaviours are positive, actual change is lagging behind. Three studies explored the success of a classroom intervention programme that was intended to support individual change towards more sustainable behaviour in the domains of energy conservation and consumer responsibility. It was expected that identification with the small action groups used in the programme would have a positive effect. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1977) and the social identity perspective (Turner, 1999) were used as a framework for analysis. Studies one and two examined the success of the intervention programme across two iterations. Behaviour measures used in study one were inadequate but effective measures were developed for the second study. The intervention programme was very successful in achieving behaviour change and improving attitudes towards and intentions to perform sustainable behaviour. The TPB was supported by both studies, although there were unexpected inconsistencies in the variables predicting intent. Contrary to expectations, there was no effect found for group identification. Differences were also found between those participants who chose to focus on energy conservation and those with a focus on consumer responsibility, suggesting that the consumption group approached environmental behaviour in a more holistic way. Study three was a qualitative analysis of diary entries by participants in study one. A participant narrative of sustainable behaviour was constructed and related to attribution theory, particularly the Martinko and Thomson (1998) synthesis model. The narrative substantially matched the TPB but some problematic aspects of the intent construct in the TPB were identified. There was also evidence of a positive effect of group membership that had not been captured by the group identification variable. Potential interpretations and consequences of these findings were discussed.
Applied Mathematics of Space-time & Space+time: Problems in General Relativity and Cosmology
Authors:   , Cattoen Celine
Published: November 2021

Cosmography is the part of cosmology that proceeds by making minimal dynamic assumptions. That is, one does not assume the Friedmann equations (Einstein equations) unless and until absolutely necessary. On the other hand, cosmodynamics is the part of cosmology that relates the geometry to the density and pressure using the Friedmann equations. In both frameworks, we consider the amount of information and the nature of the constraints we can obtain from the Hubble flow in a FLRW universe. Indeed, the cosmological parameters contained in the Hubble relation between distance and redshift provide information on the behaviour of the universe (expansion, acceleration etc...). In the first framework, it is possible to concentrate more directly on the observational situation in a model-independent manner. We perform a number of inter-related cosmographic fits to supernova datasets, and pay particular attention to the extent to which the choice of distance scale and manner of representing the redshift scale affect the cosmological parameters. In the second framework, we use the class of w-parameter models which has become increasingly popular in the last decade. We explore the extent to which a constraint on the w-parameter leads to useful and non-trivial constraints on the Hubble flow in terms of cosmological parameters H(z), density p(z), density parameter O(z), distance scales d(z), and lookback time T(z). On another front, Numerical Relativity has experienced many breakthroughs since 2005, with full inspiral-merger-ringdown simulations now possible. One of the main goals is to provide very accurate templates of gravitational waves for ground-based and space-based interferometers. We explore the potential of a very recent and accurate numerical method, the Spectral Element Method (SEM), for Numerical Relativity, by treating a singular Schwarszchild black hole evolution as a test case. Spectral elements combine the theory of spectral and pseudo-spectral methods for high order polynomials and the variational formulation of finite elements and the associated geometric flexibility. We use the BSSN formulation of the Einstein equations with the method of the moving punctures. After applying the variational formulation to the BSSN system, we present several possible weak forms of this system and its spectral element discretization in space. We use a Runge-Kutta fourth order time discretization. The accuracy of high order methods can deteriorate in the presence of discontinuities or sharp gradients. We show that we can treat the element that contains the puncture with a filtering method to avoid artificial and spurious oscillations. These might form and propagate into the domain coming from discontinuous initial data from the BSSN system.
Tourism as a Career in Malaysia: Stakeholders' Perceptions
Authors:   , Mohd Nor Muhammad Rudy Khairudin
Published: November 2021

This thesis examines the perceptions of tourism as a graduate career from the view of key stakeholders of tourism - the government, industry, educators and students. It aims to understand what key tourism stakeholders in Malaysia do in promoting tourism as a graduate career, and how students perceive tourism as a career option. The literature suggests that the issue of perceptions of tourism as a career be investigated from the perspective of key stakeholders. Hence, a stakeholder-inclusive approach in tourism human resource development is suggested as a measure to address the skilled labour shortage in tourism and the needs of various stakeholders. An analytical framework has been developed in this thesis to illustrate the relationships and gaps amongst stakeholders and how they view tourism as a graduate career in Malaysia. A total of 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior officials from relevant Ministries, industry bodies, a major employer, and directors of tourism management programs at two public universities and two polytechnics in Malaysia. In addition to that, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 193 final year students of tourism management programs at the same tertiary institutions. The qualitative data was coded into prominent themes while the quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS. This thesis found that the shortage of skilled labour is one of the issues faced by the stakeholders, due to the industry offering low level positions. The government believes that current policies in promoting tourism careers to students were adequate but the industry and educators feel that government does not provide adequate information about career paths in tourism for students. This thesis also discovered that students have generally positive perceptions of tourism as a career. Variables like level of education, willingness to choose a tourism program and overseas travel experience are significant, while the size of the employer, work experience in tourism, and the roles of family and friends working in tourism do not have an influence on students' career-related decisions. All stakeholders play a role in promoting tourism as a career to students but some measures have also been suggested to promote it more effectively.
Basic Education for Poverty Alleviation: Community Perspectives from South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors:   , Saluling Detty M.
Published: November 2021

In efforts to combat worldwide poverty, education is considered a vital device. It is believed that basic education has a significant impact in stimulating a range of positive forces for change and to fight poverty. However, global efforts to ensure every child has access to quality basic education are still far from being achieved, especially in areas that are physically remote and isolated. Such issues are continually faced by Indonesia, which has many widespread regions and diverse communities and various traditional and customary beliefs, which can affect peoples' attitudes to the education of their children. In addition to an examination of several issues regarding the Government of Indonesia's quest to provide basic education to all Indonesian children, this thesis will also focus on a case study from two villages in the South Sulawesi Province. The study aims to explore the rural community perspectives on the value of basic education in people's lives, and whether it is important to improve their conditions and their children's future.
The Role of Monocytes in Gouty Arthritis
Authors:   , Liu Xiao
Published: November 2021

Gout is one of the most painful forms of arthritis characterised by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in the joint synovium and the subsequent acute influx of circulating leukocytes. This study investigated the contribution of the inflammatory microenvironment in driving recruited monocyte differentiation and function in acute gouty inflammation. Using the murine peritoneal model of MSU-induced inflammation, the differentiation and functional phenotypes of MSU-recruited monocytes were compared in normal acute inflammation and in an inflammatory environment depleted of resident macrophages and infiltrating neutrophils. In addition, the role of the local environment in producing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of transmigration on the suppressor phenotype of recruited monocytes was also explored. The pro-inflammatory environment was shown to play a key role in the differentiation and function of recruited monocytes in MSU-induced acute inflammation. In addition, infiltrating neutrophils suppressed the pro-inflammatory abilities of recruited monocytes, which may contribute to the resolution of inflammation. Using both whole peritoneal membrane preparations and in vitro culture techniques, results showed that mesothelial cells lining the peritoneal membrane were a source of MCP-1 production, which contributed to monocyte recruitment. Finally no differences were observed in either the differentiation or functional phenotypes of MSU-recruited monocytes isolated from Glatiramer acetate (GA) treated or non-treated mice. These findings suggest that the inflammatory microenvironment plays a key role in driving the recruitment, differentiation and function of circulating monocytes in the MSU-induced model of acute inflammation.
Dignity in the Work Lives of Clinical Nurses
Authors:   , Lawless Jane Alison
Published: November 2021

This descriptive study examines how clinical nurses understand, experience, and sustain dignity in their work lives. Nursing has embedded dignity, particularly the dignity of others, as a core professional value. However, while the practice of nursing is deeply concerned with the achievement of patient dignity, dignity as a self-regarding professional right is not well articulated. Hodson's (2001) model for dignity at work provided a lens through which to examine the relevant nursing literature. It was revealed that the dignity of nurses as an intrinsic human and worker right has received little explicit attention, and that the significance of this is possibly not sufficiently well understood. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to further investigate the area of nurse dignity. Seven nurses were recruited to participate in facilitated workshops to explore the research question, 'How do clinical nurses understand, experience, and sustain dignity in their work lives'? The data were analysed using directed content analysis and presented as a descriptive summary. Dignity, for the participants, was strongly associated with the worth, value, and meaning that nurses attach to their profession, to the work that they do, and to themselves personally. This was shown to be central to their understanding, experience, and achievement of dignity in their work lives. Each encounter, each moment, was seen to be invested with the potential to maintain, affirm, erode or infringe personal dignity. The nurses perceived nursing to be a meaningful, worthwhile endeavour, but frequently struggled to extract a sense of dignity when working in environments that they perceived as not supporting their agenda of care. Being seen as a respected professional, enjoying daily positive interactions with colleagues and being successful in the act of nursing, had the strongest association with the ability to extract worth, value, and meaning from the work experience. The absence of a perception of the participants' need to regard managerial colleagues was an unexpected finding. It was concluded that dignity should be pursued as a right in any context including the work context of nurses, both as a moral and pragmatic imperative. It is suggested that the current dominant approach that interests itself in the needs of nurses primarily as a means to achieving health care outcomes for patients may be neglecting an important dimension. Future inquiry into the area of nurse dignity should begin from the premise that to understand the meaning that nurses attach to dignity, one first has to understand the meaning that nurses attach to nursing, and in particular the nature of the social compact that nursing holds with society.
Strategic Sustainability:the Case of the New Zealand Energy Sector
Authors:   , Kramer Sebastian
Published: November 2021

This thesis takes an in-depth look at the current sustainability practices of two specific energy companies in the New Zealand energy sector to develop a framework for how they might strategically implement sustainable practices. This is done through investigating and subsequently comparing New Zealand's and Germany's sustainability practices at both government and corporate level in order to draw conclusions on how New Zealand could improve in both sectors. In addition to the framework this thesis aims to clearly outline the difficulties companies might encounter when implementing sustainable practices, and the potential payoff they can expect from it. This thesis used a multiple case-study approach in combination with a comparative study to highlight the differences between each country's government and corporate approaches to sustainability. A framework of how to best integrate sustainability into corporations was developed using an extensive literature review of sustainability topics. Interviews were conducted with two New Zealand 'cases' using interviews as the primary means of data collection. In addition to this, extensive secondary data was used for both the New Zealand and German cases as well as for government policies. The findings of this thesis were diverse. The multiple cases-studies found vast differences within the corporations' implementation policies, as well as their intentions behind integrating sustainability practices. The comparative study found notable differences between both governments' sustainability policies, demonstrating a potential to learn from one another's policy implementations. Moreover, the findings illustrated differences between the New Zealand and German energy markets and government policies, and more importantly, how that could restrict each country's potential for sustainable development. The key practical implication of this thesis is that energy companies in New Zealand can employ the developed framework as a guideline on how to integrate sustainability into their companies. Furthermore, companies can use this thesis as a reference list for sustainability issues, as this paper combines many aspects of sustainability. On an academic level this thesis may well offer new insights into sustainable practice on both government and corporate level. This thesis is a valid contribution to the field of sustainability, especially in the context of the New Zealand energy sector. Furthermore, a comparative study between New Zealand and Germany in the context of sustainability on both government and corporate level has not been done before and as such has unique value.
The Horizontal Kinematics of the North Island of New Zealand
Authors:   , Sissons Bryan Arthur
Published: November 2021

The advantages and disadvantages of the 'displacement' approach and the 'strain' approach to the analysis of repeated geodetic surveys for crustal deformation are discussed and two methods of geodetic strain analysis are described in detail. Repeated geodetic surveys in the central North Island show i) secular widening of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) at 7 mm y-1 without significant transcurrent motion ii) north-south dextral motion at 14 mm y-1 and east-west narrowing at 4 mm y-1 across the northern end of the North Island Shear Belt iii) 3.1 m extension at 135' across a 15 km-wide region north of Lake Taupo, and adjacent zones of compressive rebound all associated with the 1922 Taupo Earthquakes. From the epicentral distribution and horizontal strain pattern a 15 km-square fault dipping 40' and striking parallel to the TVZ is inferred for the 1922 earthquakes. The seismic moment, 1.3 x 10 26 dyne cm, and the stress drop, 134 bars, are abnormally high for the TVZ. Widening of the TVZ is considered to be back-arc spreading. The spreading axis is postulated to extend northeast into the Havre Trough via a north-south dextral transform; and southwest into the Waverley Fault Zone and Waimea Depression via the sinistral reverse Raetihi Transform. Deformation of the North Island is not homogeneous. Fault zones are idealized as line plate boundaries and four plates -Indian, Central, Kermadec and Pacific - are postulated to account for the deformation. The Indian-Pacific macroplate pole is adopted and non-unique positions and rotation rates for the remaining poles are determined from geodetic strain data and the geometry of plate interactions. The Central Plate is moving away from the Indian Plate at the back-arc spreading axis; the Kermadec Plate is moving dextrally with respect to the Central Plate at the North Island Shear Belt which accommodates most of the transcurrent component of motion between the Indian and Pacific plates in the North Island and gives almost pure subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Kermadec Plate at the Hikurangi Margin.
Human Activities and Flood Hazards and Risks in the South West Pacific: a Case Study of the Navua Catchment Area, Fiji Islands
Authors:   , Duaibe Katalaine
Published: November 2021

Human activity is increasingly becoming a factor contributing to 'disasters' that occur worldwide. As evident in the Asian Tsunami of 2004, the high levels of loss of life and livelihood, and damage to property were largely due to the population density and human development of the physical landscape of the stricken region. The magnitude of natural hazards coupled with the high population density and low levels of development can have disastrous or catastrophic impacts on a nation as a whole, especially in small island states. Furthermore, the lack of governance structures, legislative compliance, and regulatory land use and planning coupled with the perception of risk of the general public, can all contribute to the magnitude of disasters. The flood plains of Navua, a small rural town outside of Fiji's capital and prone to all types of flooding, are explored to determine the extent to which human activities impact on the magnitude of flooding and flood damage. Human activities such as land degradation, deforestation of catchment areas, increased population density along the Navua riverbanks inadequate land use planning, zoning, and control of flood plain development; and inadequate drainage, and management of discharges are examined when determining the factors that have contributed to the increased incidence of flooding of the past 100 years until 2004. The evolution of different governmental approaches to hazard and risk management in Fiji is also explored. It is observed that while considerable progress has been made to address the factors causing high risk, there is still an emphasis on hazard mitigation rather than risk reduction. A model framework for flood risk management is referred to, where the elements at risk are the land-use characteristics of the Navua Catchment. As such, part of the treatment of risks is seen as requiring adequate risk management standards that fit into the broader 'all-hazards management' approach adopted by the Pacific Island Nations including Fiji.
The Geomorphology of Farewell Spit and Its Sensitivity to Sea-Level Rise
Authors:   , Tribe Helen M
Published: November 2021

Sand-dominated barriers are highly sensitive coastal systems which alter their morphology in response to rising sea level, undergoing extensive sediment reworking as wave activity reaches further inland. Farewell Spit, South Island, New Zealand, is a sand-dominated barrier spit which extends 25kms eastward from the mainland, enclosing the northwestern corner of the macro-tidal Golden Bay. During spring tide cycles low-lying areas of the Spit become completely inundated. The aim of this study is to establish the morphological stability of Farewell Spit and its potential response to the latest IPCC projected eustatic sea-level rise of 0.48m (A1B scenario) by the end of this century. GIS analysis of aerial photographs and the identification of 137Cs signatures within the dunes have shown a high degree of mobility in the Spit's features over the past 55 years. Vegetation increased by 75%, mainly due to the introduction of A arenaria, which has also led to the development of foredunes prograding up to 142m over the tidal flats. Barchan dunes on the Spit are also highly mobile migrating at up to 30m/y. The high amount of sediment movement along the spit is reflected in the sedimentology of the tidal flats, which show layers of aeolian transported fine, well-sorted sand several centimetres thick. The predominance of medium sand shows that reworking appears to have occurred on these flats due to storm events in Golden Bay, and like the dunes, 14C dating indicates they are very young features Projected sea-level rise was modelled to assess the vulnerability of low-lying areas of the Spit to tidal flooding. Deeper water levels in the two tidal channels which currently flood across the Spit are expected and there is a risk of additional channels opening, one being very near to the contact between the Spit and mainland. The mobility of the dune systems may however buffer some of these processes by providing natural defences against the sea. Barrier roll over does not appear to be an important process as it appears to be too wide to allow for washover. It is concluded that under current sea-level rise predictions Farewell Spit will not transgress landward but will be subject to exacerbated erosion.