bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization and X-Ray Structure of Mononuclear Cu(II) Complex of the Schiff Base 2,2’- [1,1’-(Ethane-1,2-Diyl) Bis (Nitriloethylidyne)]Diphenol
Authors: Seck Gorgui Awa , Sarr Mamour , Lenertz Marc , Delahaye Emilie , Rabu Pierre , Diop Mayoro , Tamboura Farba Bouyagui , Gaye Mohamed Lamine
Published: December 2024

The reactions of the Schiff base 2,2’-[1,1’-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(nitriloethylidyne)]diphenol (H2L), which was synthesised by condensation of 2-hydroxyacetophenone and ethylenediamine in the 2:1 ratio, with acetate copper (II) Salt, afforded a new mononuclear complex formulated as [Cu(L)].(H2O)0.5. The ligand and the complex have been characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The characterization of the copper complex was completed by molar conductivity and room temperature magnetic measurements. The structure of the complex has been resolved by X-ray crystallography technic. The mononuclear copper (II) complex crystallises in the monoclinic space group C2/c with the following unit cell parameters a = 26.131(6) Å, b = 7.293(5) Å, c = 17.256(4) Å, β = 106.10(5)°, V = 3160(2) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.077 and wR2 = 0.145. In the structure of the complex the ligand acts in tetradentate fashion and the coordination environment of the copper atom is best described as distorted square planar geometry.
The Prevalence of Food Insecurity and the Principal Determinants in Tubah Health District, North West Cameron
Authors: Fointama Emmanuel Ngoinangeh , Moses Samje , Garba Mary Chia
Published: December 2024

Aims: Determine the prevalence of food insecurity and identify the principal determinants of household food security in Tubah Health District.
Study design:  The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey conducted in 6 communities in Bambui Health Area of Tubah Health District.
Place and Duration of Study: Bambui health area in Tubah Health District of the North West region of Cameroon. The study lasted 6 months, from February to June 2022.
Methodology: One hundred and eighty one (181) households were included in the survey. In each household the female head of the household was interviewed with the aid of a questionnaire, to gather subjective information about feeding practices in the household. A structured face to face questionnaire was used to collect information on 7-day dietary intake and 24-hour food recall. Food security was assessed using the Food Consumption Score (FCS) and Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) as proxy indicators. Anthropometric measurements comprising weight, height and Mid upper arm circumference were obtained for infants under five years.
Results: Food insecurity was found to be 65.2% when the Food Consumption Score (FCS) was used as a proxy indicator and 64.6% when Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) was used as a proxy indicator. Household income was a significant predictor of FCS and HDDS, P =.05 and P =.001 respectively.  Factors that negatively impacted the ability of households to meet their food needs were mainly high food prices (66.9%), insecurity (65.7%) and sickness related expenses (55.8%). The prevalence of stunting was 30.7%. There was a statistically significant association between stunting and food insecurity, ꭓ2 (1, N = 101) = 8.8 and P =.05.
Conclusion: Household food insecurity prevalence rate was high in this community and this could be related to the conflict which has led to many households losing their livelihoods and the reduced agricultural productivity.
Physical and Biochemical Characteristics of Soil in a Watershed of the Valley of Oueme: A Rice-based Agroforestry System in the South of Benin
Authors: Kouassi A. M. E. , Balogoun I. , Cherif M. , Sommer H. , Kindohoundé N. S.
Published: December 2024

The present study aimed to assess the sustainability of rice cultivation in regard to soil physical and biochemical characteristics within the watershed of the Valley of Oueme. by promoting agroforestry in rice-growing systems. For that concern, four kinds of areas were showcased for rice cultivation: Adjido. Agondo. Dame, and Houedomey. Eighty-nine thoughts of farmers on their knowledge of involvement of trees in field production were assessed. Soil samples were collected into rice fields and near of the “under trees” at 0-20 cm alongside the village of Hetin-Houedomey from April to June 2023. It was conducted into some of pieces of plots of lowland rice field to study soil physical and chemical properties. Spores’ density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas Fungi (AMF) in that soil and their diversity were assessed. A correlation test indicated regarding quantities of clay, silt, and sand, there is a predominance of clay at the “under trees”, and in the fields, that tends to disappear little by little as we move away from trees. The pH (water) of the soil sampled is acidic and varied from 4.37 to 5.44. For chemical analysis, the average rate of total nitrogen varied from 0.218% to 1.476%. The concentrations of available phosphorus in the Valley of Oueme varied from 2 to 7 cmol/kg that revealed weak. Soils appeared to be rich in exchangeable potassium (0.21 and 1.1 cmol/kg) with the highest proportion observed under the tree in the higher topographic altitudes from the village of Dame. The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) for its part varied between 11.36 and 59.68 cmol/kg, and with the highest value that is in higher topographic altitudes at the Adjido county. Sixteen Glomus species of AMF were identified and the Glomus multisubstensum was the most abundant. The community of AMF was mostly diversified in the “under trees” soil, according to the Shannon index H = 5.5.
Gênero e diversidade sexual na Sociologia do ensino básico
Authors: Martins Guimarães Heitor
Published: December 2024

Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa que objetivou analisar como os docentes de Sociologia abordam a temática de gênero e diversidade sexual em sala de aula. Para tanto, 1) percorre-se, a partir da análise da literatura, um quadro histórico de efeitos do chamado “pânico moral” no Brasil e 2) faz-se uma análise de entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com cinco professores de Sociologia da rede pública no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Apresentam-se como resultados: a partir de 2018, houve mais dificuldades em se abordar temas que acionam dinâmicas do pânico moral em sala de aula e mais ameaças à liberdade de cátedra. Não obstante, a maior parte dos estudantes, segundo os docentes, se mostra aberta à reflexão e ao debate. À guisa de conclusão, apresenta-se o cenário atual da disciplina no ensino médio, a partir da reforma e da Base Nacional Curricular Comum (BNCC), junto aos desafios futuros narrados pelos professores quanto à diminuição de tempo da disciplina e sua fragmentação em uma área mais ampla.
Revisão sistemática acerca das relações de gêneros e sexualidades na educação básica brasileira, entre os anos 2001 a 2022
Authors: Braga Ramon de Oliveira Bieco , Meira Filho Cesar Alves de , Asinelli-Luz Araci
Published: December 2024

A presente pesquisa problematizou: “Quais são as temáticas dialogadas pelas pesquisas científicas brasileiras no tocante às relações de gêneros e sexualidades na educação básica?”. Nossa proposta foi de contribuir com os diálogos acerca dos estudos de gêneros e sexualidades, no âmbito da educação básica brasileira, por compreendermos a necessidade de se promover debates acerca da diversidade de gêneros e sexualidades nas instituições escolares brasileiras, como feito por Louro (1997), Asinelli-Luz (2008), Silva (2010), Miskolci (2012), Butler (2016), Paraíso (2016), dentre outros(as). Operacionalmente, realizamos a pesquisa de revisão sistemática em três bancos de dados, a saber: 1) Scielo; 2) BDTD; e 3) CAFe. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que, entre os anos 2001 e 2022, 158 pesquisas foram publicadas sobre o tema gêneros e sexualidades na educação básica. Esses dados foram tematizados, a fim de sistematizá-los e realizarmos sua análise. No presente artigo, indicamos, com base nas citações e referências, as pesquisas que foram identificadas.
Üniversite Öğretim Elemanlarının Yapay Zekaya Yönelik Tutumlarının Teknoloji Entegrasyonu ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Prakasha G S , Sanskriti Rawat , Ishani Basak , S Thirumalesha
Published: December 2024

Yapay Zeka (YZ), eğitim teknolojisinin hızla gelişen alanlarından biridir. Bu çalışma, üniversite öğretim üyelerinin YZ'ye yönelik tutumları ile fen bilimleri ve diğer akademik disiplinlerdeki teknoloji entegrasyonları arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışmada tanımlayıcı ve korelasyonel bir tasarım kullanılmış ve Hindistan'daki üniversitelerde hem fen bilimleri hem de diğer alanlarda çalışan 300 öğretim üyesinden veri toplanmıştır. Veri analizi için regresyon analizi ve ortalama farklılıkları, öğretim deneyimi, cinsiyet ve konu akışlarına göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, üniversite öğretim üyelerinin yapay zekaya yönelik tutumları ile fen bilimleri öğretim üyeleri arasındaki teknoloji entegrasyonu arasında diğer akademik disiplinlere göre güçlü bir pozitif korelasyon olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Cinsiyet ve öğretim deneyimine bağlı olarak yapay zeka ve teknoloji entegrasyonuna yönelik tutumlarda anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, yapay zeka ve teknoloji entegrasyonuna yönelik tutumlar konu akışlarına göre farklılık göstermemiştir.
Traditional Clothes Around The World: A Cultural Reflection
Authors: Shurman Dr. Ali , Qaqish Dr. Raed
Published: December 2024

Traditional clothing serves as a powerful reflection of cultural identity, embodying the history, values, and
craftsmanship of communities across the globe. This paper delves into the significance of traditional garments,
including the Japanese kimono, Indian sari, and Jordanian thobe, emphasizing their roles in shaping cultural
heritage and social identity. It explores how these garments are influenced by environmental conditions, historical
events, and societal practices, while also examining the effects of globalization and modern fashion trends on
their preservation and transformation. The paper further discusses the economic, cultural, and symbolic value of
traditional attire, highlighting the importance of supporting artisans and incorporating traditional designs into
contemporary education and fashion. In conclusion, it outlines potential avenues for future research, such as sustainability, technological preservation, and the role of traditional clothing in diaspora communities, to ensure these garments remain significant and relevant in the modern world
Biologically Active Mixture Obtained From The Plant Rosemary (Rosmarinus) Increases Tolerance To Hypoxia
Authors: Shirinova Ilaha Bayram
Published: December 2024

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Bluetongue In Brazil: A Spatiotemporal Analysis (2001- 2023)
Authors: Arruda Roberto Carlos Negreiros De , Soares José Wendel Araujo , Negreiros Isabella Rodrigues , Torres Mylena Andréa Oliveira , Lima Francisco Carneiro
Published: December 2024

Background: Bluetongue is a non-contagious viral disease caused by the bluetongue virus (Orbivirus),
affecting domestic and wild ruminants, particularly sheep. Transmission occurs primarily through vectors of
the genus Culicoides, with distribution influenced by environmental and climatic factors. In Brazil, disease
outbreaks are sporadic; however, bluetongue is classified as a notifiable disease due to its economic and
epidemiological significance and its potential to be mistaken for foot-and-mouth disease.
Materials and Methods: This study analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of bluetongue outbreaks in
Brazil from 2001 to 2023, investigating possible associations with climatic variables such as temperature,
precipitation, and wind speed. Data were obtained from the Zoosanitary Information System Panel (MAPA-SIZ)
and organized into spreadsheets for statistical analysis. Pearson's correlation test and spatial lag regression
were applied using the Jamovi and GeoDa software, respectively.
Results: A total of 51 bluetongue virus infection outbreaks were recorded, comprising 482 cases predominantly
concentrated in southern Brazil. Sheep were the most affected species (73% of cases), followed by wildlife
(20%), goats (6%), and cattle (2%). The analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between the annual
mean temperature and the occurrence of cases and outbreaks (r2=0.306 and r2=0.379 respectively), indicating
higher disease prevalence in states with lower temperatures. No statistically significant correlations were
observed between disease occurrence and either precipitation or average wind speed. However, international
studies suggest that wind can facilitate the long-distance dispersion of Culicoides, while mild temperatures
extend vector survival.
Conclusion: The results suggest that temperature is a determining factor in the spatial and temporal
distribution of bluetongue in Brazil, whereas precipitation and wind speed have limited influence. The sporadic
occurrence of the disease underscores the importance of continuous surveillance to prevent outbreaks and improve disease control. Strategies that account for vector population dynamics and climatic conditions could enhance the effectiveness of monitoring and control measures.
Qualidade De Vida No Trabalho De Profissionais Da Saúde
Authors: Santos Thaisa Souza Dos , Silva Daniela Lima De Souza Da , Silva Fabrícia Alves Da , Chagas Naylane Brito , Silva Stephanie Santos Da
Published: December 2024

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os principais fatores que afetam a qualidade de vida no trabalho dos
profissionais da saúde, identificando fontes de estresse e insatisfação, e avaliando as estratégias adotadas para
mitigar esses problemas. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratória e descritiva, com uma
amostra composta por 16 profissionais da saúde, incluindo médicos, enfermeiros e outros trabalhadores da área,
cujos dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados pela técnica de análise de
conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que as principais dificuldades enfrentadas incluem sobrecarga de trabalho,
falta de recursos, estresse constante, problemas de infraestrutura e a dificuldade de equilibrar a vida pessoal e
profissional. Além disso, a falta de reconhecimento por parte da gestão e a escassez de apoio emocional foram
apontadas como fatores que agravam o desgaste dos profissionais. Apesar disso, o reconhecimento dos pacientes
foi uma importante fonte de motivação. A conclusão da pesquisa reforça a necessidade de melhorias nas
condições de trabalho, incluindo melhor infraestrutura, apoio psicológico e maior valorização dos profissionais da saúde, pois essas ações podem reduzir o estresse, aumentar a satisfação e melhorar a qualidade do atendimento prestado aos pacientes
Image‐size disparity reduces difference detection in face matching
Authors: Hopkins Robin F. , Lyle Keith B.
Published: July 2019

Face matching is the act of deciding whether two facial images depict the same person or different people. The real‐world face‐matching task of checking photo IDs typically occurs under conditions of image‐size disparity: A small picture is compared with a life‐size face. We examined the effect of image‐size disparity on face‐matching accuracy. In three experiments, subjects were presented with pairs of equivalently or disparately sized images that depicted the same person or different people. Subjects made same/different judgments and, in two experiments, also reported confidence. Difference detection was significantly poorer given disparate (versus equivalent) image size. Confidence was significantly higher when responses were correct versus incorrect. These findings held whether viewing and decision time was unlimited or limited. Our results raise the practical concern that image‐size disparity may undermine difference detection in ID checking, while also indicating that people have some insight into the accuracy of their face‐matching judgments.
Ketones from Nickel‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative, Non‐Symmetric Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Carboxylic Acid Esters
Authors: Wang Jiang , Cary Brian P. , Beyer Peyton D. , Gellman Samuel H. , Weix Daniel J.
Published: July 2019

Synthesis of the C−C bonds of ketones relies upon one high‐availability reagent (carboxylic acids) and one low‐availability reagent (organometallic reagents or alkyl iodides). We demonstrate here a ketone synthesis that couples two different carboxylic acid esters, N‐hydroxyphthalimide esters and S‐2‐pyridyl thioesters, to form aryl alkyl and dialkyl ketones in high yields. The keys to this approach are the use of a nickel catalyst with an electron‐poor bipyridine or terpyridine ligand, a THF/DMA mixed solvent system, and ZnCl2 to enhance the reactivity of the NHP ester. The resulting reaction can be used to form ketones that have previously been difficult to access, such as hindered tertiary/tertiary ketones with strained rings and ketones with α‐heteroatoms. The conditions can be employed in the coupling of complex fragments, including a 20‐mer peptide fragment analog of Exendin(9–39) on solid support.
Bi‐Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks with Cubane [M4(OH)4] (M=Ni, Co) Clusters and Pore‐Space Partition for Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Wu Ya‐Pan , Tian Jun‐Wu , Liu Shan , Li Bo , Zhao Jun , Ma Lu‐Fang , Li Dong‐Sheng , Lan Ya‐Qian , Bu Xianhui
Published: July 2019

Embedding cubane [M4(OH)4] (M=Ni, Co) clusters within the matrix of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is a strategy to develop materials with unprecedented synergistic properties. Herein, a new material type based on the pore‐space partition of the cubic primitive minimal‐surface net (MOF‐14‐type) has been realized. CTGU‐15 made from the [Ni4(OH)4] cluster not only has very high BET surface area (3537 m2 g−1), but also exhibits bi‐microporous features with well‐defined micropores at 0.86 nm and 1.51 nm. Furthermore, CTGU‐15 is stable even under high pH (0.1 m KOH), making it well suited for methanol oxidation in basic medium. The optimal hybrid catalyst KB&CTGU‐15 (1:2) made from ketjen black (KB) and CTGU‐15 exhibits an outstanding performance with a high mass specific peak current of 527 mA mg−1 and excellent peak current density (29.8 mA cm−2) at low potential (0.6 V). The isostructural cobalt structure (CTGU‐16) has also been synthesized, further expanding the application potential of this material type.
Rapid Access to Highly Functionalized Alkyl Boronates by NiH‐Catalyzed Remote Hydroarylation of Boron‐Containing Alkenes
Authors: Zhang Yao , Han Bo , Zhu Shaolin
Published: July 2019

The direct and selective functionalization of relatively simple and readily accessible precursors to produce highly functionalized alkyl boronates is a synthetically useful process. Herein we report a NiH‐catalyzed remote hydroarylation process that can, through a synergistic combination of chain walking and subsequent cross‐coupling, introduce an aryl group at the adjacent carbon atom of alkyl boronates under mild conditions. By means of a preliminary experiment with moderate enantioselectivity, it was shown that an asymmetric version could also be realized.
Direct Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Whole Blood Using Time‐Resolved Luminescent Lanthanide Nanoprobes
Authors: Guo Hanhan , Song Xiaorong , Lei Wen , He Cheng , You Wenwu , Lin Qingzhong , Zhou Shanyong , Chen Xueyuan , Chen Zhuo
Published: July 2019

The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is crucial to early cancer diagnosis and the evaluation of cancer metastasis. However, it remains challenging due to the scarcity of CTCs in the blood. Herein, we report an ultrasensitive platform for the direct detection of CTCs using luminescent lanthanide nanoprobes. These were designed to recognize the epithelial cell adhesion molecules on cancer cells, allowing signal amplification through dissolution‐enhanced time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and the elimination of short‐lived autofluorescence interference. This enabled the direct detection of blood breast‐cancer cells with a limit of detection down to 1 cell/well of a 96‐well plate. Moreover, blood CTCs (≥10 cells mL−1) can be detected in cancer patients with a detection rate of 93.9 % (14/15 patients). We envision that this ultrasensitive detection platform with excellent practicality may provide an effective strategy for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.
Boundary brokering for cross‐cultural professional learning in international school contexts
Authors: Lai Chun , Li Zhen , Gong Yang
Published: July 2019

Although much research has been done on the internalisation of education, issues related to intercultural professional learning, especially in the school education context, remain underexplored. This study examines the potential of boundary brokering in facilitating cross‐cultural professional learning in an international school context. This article reports the qualitative findings from an interview study with seven non‐ethnic Chinese language teachers who resided at the borders of Chinese and western communities of practice on their boundary brokering experience in bridging the different norms of being and practice in the Chinese teacher community and the western communities in international schools in Asia. Interview responses from the participants show that the participants’ cultural brokering generated critical and eclectic perspectives and practices, and reshaped the power landscape in the workplace. At the same time, their cultural brokering was shaped by the interactions among power relations within and across communities of practice, social suggestions on cultural brokering and the boundary brokers’ self‐positioning. The findings suggest that cultural brokering could serve as a potential teacher professional development tool to foster reciprocal learning across culture borders. The complex network of influencing factors at play suggests that, in order to facilitate positive cultural brokering, it is necessary to adopt a systemic approach that underscores resetting valued skills and expertise within and across communities, creating a positive school culture that encourages reciprocal learning and managing individual teachers’ brokering mentalities and capacities.
Effect of heat treatment in vacuum on photoluminescence of anodic alumina
Authors: Gasenkova I.V. , Mukhurov N.I. , Zhvavyi S.P. , Kolesnik E.E. , Stupak А.P.
Published: July 2019

The results are presented of a study of the photoluminescent (PL) properties of an undoped porous anodic alumina (PAA) and PAA doped with manganese ions. The PAA samples were prepared by anodization of aluminum. The effect of annealing conditions in vacuum on the PL spectra was studied for the first time and a comparative analysis was made with the spectra of the PAA annealed in air. Vacuum annealing was used to obtain oxygen‐deficient alumina. A strong dependence of the PAA PL intensity on the annealing temperature in vacuum has been found: for the samples annealed at 600°С, the PL intensity is 15 times higher than that measured on the initial samples, whereas for the samples annealed in air it increases only 4.5‐fold with excitation at the wavelengths of 275 nm. This is the result of the formation of a high concentration of oxygen vacancies during annealing in vacuum under conditions of oxygen deficiency as compared with the samples annealed in air, where diffusion of oxygen from air leads to a decrease in vacancies. A significant increase in the PL intensity permits consideration of the vacuum‐annealed PAA as a promising material for dosimetry.
Stereospecific interactions between histidine and monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Baek Youngbin , Emami Parinaz , Singh Nripen , Ilott Andrew , Sahin Erinc , Zydney Andrew
Published: July 2019

Histidine is a frequently used buffer in the final formulation of many commercialized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), with histidine helping to stabilize the antibody during storage in addition to its buffering function. The objective of this study was to examine the stereospecificity of any histidine‐antibody interactions using a combination of experimental studies and molecular dynamics simulations. Isothermal titration calorimetry provided evidence of weak stereospecific interactions, with the antibody showing approximately two to four additional interaction sites for d‐ versus l‐histidine. The greater interactions with d‐histidine were confirmed by measurements of the net protein charge using electrophoretic light scattering. The reduction in the net negative charge of the antibody in d‐histidine led to significantly different behavior during diafiltration due to Donnan exclusion effects. Molecular dynamics simulations corroborated the presence of additional d‐histidine interaction sites. These results provide the first demonstration of weak stereospecific interactions between l‐ and d‐histidine and a mAb and the implications of these interactions for antibody formulation.
An information network flow approach for measuring functional connectivity and predicting behavior
Authors: Kumar Sreejan , Yoo Kwangsun , Rosenberg Monica D. , Scheinost Dustin , Constable R. Todd , Zhang Sheng , Li Chiang‐Shan R. , Chun Marvin M.
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Connectome‐based predictive modeling (CPM) is a recently developed machine‐learning‐based framework to predict individual differences in behavior from functional brain connectivity (FC). In these models, FC was operationalized as Pearson's correlation between brain regions’ fMRI time courses. However, Pearson's correlation is limited since it only captures linear relationships. We developed a more generalized metric of FC based on information flow. This measure represents FC by abstracting the brain as a flow network of nodes that send bits of information to each other, where bits are quantified through an information theory statistic called transfer entropy.

Methods

With a sample of individuals performing a sustained attention task and resting during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (n = 25), we use the CPM framework to build machine‐learning models that predict attention from FC patterns measured with information flow. Models trained on n − 1 participants’ task‐based patterns were applied to an unseen individual's resting‐state pattern to predict task performance. For further validation, we applied our model to two independent datasets that included resting‐state fMRI data and a measure of attention (Attention Network Task performance [n = 41] and stop‐signal task performance [n = 72]).

Results

Our model significantly predicted individual differences in attention task performance across three different datasets.

Conclusions

Information flow may be a useful complement to Pearson's correlation as a measure of FC because of its advantages for nonlinear analysis and network structure characterization.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Authors: Xue Wen‐Jun , Du Jian‐Yao , Deng Ya‐Hui , Yan Zhong‐Hui , Liu Ji‐Ping , Liu Yu , Sun Li‐Ping
Published: July 2019

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) plays an important role in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Inhibition of VEGFR‐2 has been demonstrated as a key method against tumor‐associated angiogenesis. Thiazolopyrimidine is an important analog of the purine ring, and we choose the thiazolopyrimidine scaffold as the mother nucleus. Two series of thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. In HUVEC inhibition assay, compounds3l(=1‐(5‐{[2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐methyl[1,3]thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐yl]amino}pyridin‐2‐yl)‐3‐(3,4‐dimethylphenyl)urea) and3m(=1‐(5‐{[2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐methyl[1,3]thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐yl]amino}pyridin‐2‐yl)‐3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)urea) exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect (IC50=1.65 and 3.52 μm, respectively). Compound3lalso showed the best potency against VEGFR‐2 at 50 μm(98.5 %). These results suggest that further investigation of compound3lmight provide potential angiogenesis inhibitors.
Streamlined Asymmetric Reaction Development: A Case Study with Isatins
Authors: Thanzeel F. Yushra , Balaraman Kaluvu , Wolf Christian
Published: July 2019

Asymmetric reaction development within a day or two has been a dream of synthetic chemists for several decades. We now show that such a task is feasible with a highly efficient streamlined screening strategy using the asymmetric allylation of isatins with a chiral boron complex as a case study. Our high‐throughput screening (HTS) method is based on fast optical UV/CD analysis of minute amounts of crude reaction mixtures (≈3 mg scale) and it obviates product isolation and the general need for reference compounds which greatly reduces preliminary work and analysis time. The setup, reaction screening, analysis and data processing for 54 asymmetric allylations of nine different isatins in six different solvents was handled by a single operator in less than 20 work hours. One could easily extend this HTS strategy to hundreds of reactions in roughly the same time frame and further reduce the labor with commercially available automated high‐throughput experimentation equipment. The effectiveness of this asymmetric reaction development strategy is confirmed with the upscale synthesis of two representative 3‐allyl‐3‐hydroxyisatins in 98–99 % yield and with 91–94 % ee under optimized conditions.
Tumor characteristics associated with engraftment of patient‐derived non–small cell lung cancer xenografts in immunocompromised mice
Authors: Chen Yungchang , Zhang Ran , Wang Li , Correa Arlene M. , Pataer Apar , Xu Yi , Zhang Xiaoshan , Ren Chenghui , Wu Shuhong , Meng Qing H. , Fujimoto Junya , Jensen Vanessa B. , Antonoff Mara B. , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Mehran Reza J. , Pisimisis George , Rice David C. , Sepesi Boris , Vaporciyan Ara A. , Walsh Garrett L. , Swisher Stephen G. , Roth Jack A. , Heymach John V. , Fang Bingliang
Published: July 2019

Background

Patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models increasingly are used in translational research. However, the engraftment rates of patient tumor samples in immunodeficient mice to PDX models vary greatly.

Methods

Tumor tissue samples from 308 patients with non–small cell lung cancer were implanted in immunodeficient mice. The patients were followed for 1.5 to approximately 6 years. The authors performed histological analysis of PDXs and some residual tumor tissues in mice with failed PDX growth at 1 year after implantation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assay were performed to measure the levels of Epstein‐Barr virus genes and human immunoglobulin G in PDX samples. Patient characteristics were compared for PDX growth and overall survival as outcomes using Cox regression analyses. Disease staging was based on the 7th TNM staging system.

Results

The overall engraftment rate for PDXs from patients with non–small cell lung cancer was 34%. Squamous cell carcinomas had a higher engraftment rate (53%) compared with adenocarcinomas. Tumor samples from patients with stage II and stage III disease and from larger tumors were found to have relatively high engraftment rates. Patients whose tumors successfully engrafted had worse overall survival, particularly those individuals with adenocarcinoma, stage III or stage IV disease, and moderately differentiated tumors. Lymphoma formation was one of the factors associated with engraftment failure. Human CD8‐positive and CD20‐positive cells were detected in residual samples of tumor tissue that failed to generate a PDX at 1 year after implantation. Human immunoglobulin G was detected in the plasma of mice that did not have PDX growth at 14 months after implantation.

Conclusions

The results of the current study indicate that the characteristics of cancer cells and the tumor immune microenvironment in primary tumors both can affect engraftment of a primary tumor sample.
Toward configurable modeling for artifact‐centric business processes
Authors: Kang Guosheng , Yang Liqin , Zhang Liang
Published: July 2019

There are usually process model variants for a business as its application and evolution. Configurable process modeling is an effective approach for the design and development of business process models by reuse. However, the existing configurable process modeling approaches focus on traditional activity‐centric business processes, which is unfeasible for the new modeling paradigm of artifact‐centric business processes. To solve the problem, we propose a configurable modeling framework, especially for artifact‐centric business processes. To derive the integrated model for multiple process model variants, we propose a merger operation for artifact‐centric process model variants. We get a configurable artifact‐centric process model by identifying configurable points in the integrated model by common and variable characteristics. Moreover, the associated configuration alternatives are set accordingly for configurable points, in which the property of data privacy is considered. New artifact‐centric process models can be derived by configuration based on the behavior of a configurable model. To facilitate the process configuration, guidelines are analyzed based on the notion of process element relation graph. A case study is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach with a real‐world business process developed for Real Estate Administration (REA) in Hangzhou, China.
Effects of Metal Electrode Support on the Catalytic Activity of Fe(oxy)hydroxide for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Enman Lisa J. , Vise Ashlee E. , Burke Stevens Michaela , Boettcher Shannon W.
Published: July 2019

FeOxHy and Fe‐containing Ni/Co oxyhydroxides are the most‐active catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. However, the activity of Fe sites appears strongly dependent on the electrode‐substrate material and/or the elemental composition of the matrix in which it is embedded. A fundamental understanding of these interactions that modulate the OER activity of FeOxHy is lacking. We report the use of cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry to assess the substrate‐dependent activity of FeOxHy on a number of commonly used electrode substrates, including Au, Pt, Pd, Cu, and C. We also evaluate the OER activity and Tafel behavior of these metallic substrates in 1 M KOH aqueous solution with Fe3+ and other electrolyte impurities. We find that the OER activity of FeOxHy varies by substrate in the order Au>Pd≈Pt≈Cu>C. The trend may be caused by differences in the adsorption strength of the Fe oxo ion on the substrate, where a stronger adhesion results in more adsorbed Fe at the interface during steady‐state OER and possibly a decreased charge‐transfer resistance at the FeOxHy‐substrate interface. These results suggest that the local atomic and electronic structure of [FeO6] units play an important role in catalysis of the OER as the activity can be tuned substantially by substrate interactions.
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Himalayan Griffon,Gyps himalayensis(Accipitriformes: Accipitridae): Sequence, structure, and phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Jiang Lichun , Peng Liqing , Tang Min , You Zhangqiang , Zhang Min , West Andrea , Ruan Qiping , Chen Wei , Merilä Juha
Published: July 2019

This is the first study to describe the mitochondrial genome of the Himalayan Griffon,Gyps himalayensis, which is an Old World vulture belonging to the family Accipitridae and occurring along the Himalayas and the adjoining Tibetan Plateau. Its mitogenome is a closed circular molecule 17,381 bp in size containing 13 protein‐coding genes, 22 tRNA coding genes, two rRNA‐coding genes, a control region (CR), and an extra pseudo‐control region (CCR) that are conserved in most Accipitridae mitogenomes. The overall base composition of theG. himalayensismitogenome is 24.55% A, 29.49% T, 31.59% C, and 14.37% G, which is typical for bird mitochondrial genomes. The alignment of the Accipitridae species control regions showed high levels of genetic variation and abundant AT content. At the 5′ end of the domain I region, a long continuous poly‐C sequence was found. Two tandem repeats were found in the pseudo‐control regions. Phylogenetic analysis with Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood based on 13 protein‐coding genes indicated that the relationships at the family level were (Falconidae + (Cathartidae + (Sagittariidae + (Accipitridae + Pandionidae))). In the Accipitridae clade,G. himalayensisis more closely related toAegypius monachusthan toSpilornis cheela. The complete mitogenome ofG. himalayensisprovides a potentially useful resource for further exploration of the taxonomic status and phylogenetic history ofGypsspecies.
Species composition influences soil nutrient depletion and plant physiology in prairie agroenergy feedstocks
Authors: Sherrard Mark E. , Elgersma Kenneth J. , Koos Jordan M. A. , Kokemuller Catherine M. , Dietz Hannah E. , Glidden Alec J. , Carr Christina M. , Cambardella Cynthia A.
Published: July 2019

High‐diversity mixtures of perennial tallgrass prairie vegetation could be useful biomass feedstocks for marginal farmland in the Midwestern United States. These agroenergy crops can help meet cellulosic agrofuel targets while also enhancing other ecosystem services on the landscape. One proposed advantage of high‐diversity prairie biomass feedstocks is that they should become nutrient limited at a slower rate than monoculture feedstocks. In this study, we examine rates of soil nutrient depletion and the physiology and performance of a focal species (switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L.) in four prairie agroenergy feedstocks with different species composition and diversity. The feedstocks in this study were a 1‐species switchgrass monoculture, a 5‐species mixture of C4 grasses, a 16‐species mixture of C3 and C4 grasses, forbs, and legumes, and a 32‐species mixture of C3 and C4 grasses, forbs, legumes, and sedges. To assess feedstock effects on soil, we measured changes in soil N/P/K over a five‐year period. We also performed a greenhouse study, in which we grew switchgrass plants in field soil conditioned by each feedstock. To assess feedstock effects on plant function, we measured four physiological traits (photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll concentration, leaf florescence, leaf N concentration) on switchgrass plants within each feedstock in the field. In the soil analysis, we found that the 5‐species feedstock displayed higher rates of soil N/P/K depletion than other feedstocks. In the greenhouse analysis, we found that switchgrass plants grown in soil conditioned by the 5‐species feedstock were smaller than plants grown in soil conditioned by other feedstocks. In the physiological analysis, we found that switchgrass plants in the 5‐species feedstock had lower leaf N, photosynthesis, chlorophyll concentration, and higher florescence than switchgrass plants growing in other feedstocks. Collectively, our results show that prairie agroenergy feedstocks with different species composition and diversity have different rates of soil nutrient depletion, which influences the physiology and performance of plants within the feedstock. These differences would ultimately impact the ecosystem services (e.g., biomass production, need for fertilizer) that these prairie agroenergy feedstocks provide.
Inconspicuous impacts: Widespread marine invader causes subtle but significant changes in native macroalgal assemblages
Authors: Epstein Graham , Foggo Andrew , Smale Dan A.
Published: July 2019

Invasive species are a major cause of global biodiversity decline; however, under certain environmental settings, some invaders can co‐exist with native species with little detectable impact. Even so, in many cases the realized impact of invasive species may be underestimated due to procedural or temporal constraints related to observation or experimentation. The invasive kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, is considered to have limited impact on macroalgal assemblages on rocky reefs of the northeast Atlantic, although this is largely based on correlative or observational findings. Here, a high intensity press‐removal manipulation was maintained for two years at a heavily invaded, Undaria dominated study site to improve current understanding of the potential impacts of Undaria on native macroalgal assemblages. Population and community effects as well as organismal performance effects (biochemical measures of condition and stress) were examined to investigate the potential for cryptic impacts. Where Undaria was removed, there was no difference in understory macroalgal assemblages; however, for three native kelp species, significant increases in abundance, biomass, and condition were recorded. The two perennial native kelps (Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissima) exhibited small and inconsistent increases in all impact metrics where Undaria was removed, and therefore, the overall effects of Undaria on their populations are likely to be negligible. However, the native annual kelp, Saccorhiza polyschides, was consistently and significantly higher (3–6 times when compared to controls) in abundance and biomass under reduced competition from Undaria and exhibited significant changes in organismal‐level responses which indicated improved condition of sporophytes. Whether the potential replacement of this native species could alter ecosystem functioning requires further investigation. Targeted long‐term manipulative experiments can identify previously undetected impacts of invasive species in coastal ecosystems. Caution must be used when broadly classifying invasive species as having limited ecological impacts on recipient communities. Subtle impacts manifesting at the organism, population, and community levels should be considered before robust management prioritizations can be made.
Excellent Rate Performance and Cycling Stability of TiP2O7@C/Carbon Nanotubes for the Aqueous Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Xu Tong , Zhao Mingshu , Duan Wenyuan , Ding Meng , Lashari Najeeb ur Rehman , Wang Fei , Song Xiaoping
Published: July 2019

A novel anode composite, carbon‐coated TiP2O7 nanoparticles (TPO@C) decorated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), is fabricated through a simple sol–gel method and a calcination process for aqueous rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (ARLBs). The complete interfacial contact of TPO@C and CNTs provides a 3D network structure with a high specific surface area. The effects of CNTs on the diffusion coefficient of lithium ions, rate performance, and cycle performance are investigated. Typically, the discharge capacities of the TPO@C/CNTs anode can reach up to 97.88, 93.86, 90.79, 86.54, and 77.42 mA h g−1 at the current densities of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 A g−1, respectively. At an extremely high current density of 10 A g−1, the discharge capacity over 800 cycles is almost as high as the initial discharge capacity. Moreover, a (TPO@C/CNTs)//LiMn2O4 full cell in saturated LiNO3 electrolyte is tested in a pouch cell. It also demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 83.51 mA h g−1 (≈60.42% capacity retention) after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1. The results indicate that CNTs can promote the diffusion coefficient of lithium ions, and are responsible for the high rate performance and cycling stability.
Wave‐forced dynamics in the nearshore river mouths, and swash zones
Authors: Brocchini Maurizio
Published: July 2019

The role of wave forcing on the main hydro‐morphological dynamics evolving in the shallow waters of the nearshore and at river mouths is analyzed. Focus is mainly on the cross‐shore dynamics that evolve over mildly sloping barred, dissipative sandy beaches from the storm up to the yearly timescale, at most. Local and non‐local mechanisms as well as connections across three main inter‐related subsystems of the nearshore – the region of generation and evolution of nearshore bars, river mouths and the swash zone – are analyzed. The beach slope is a major controlling parameter for all nearshore dynamics. A local mechanism that must be properly described for a suitable representation of wave‐forced dynamics of all such three subsystems is the proper correlation between orbital velocity and sediment concentration in the bottom boundary layer; while specific dynamics are the wave–current interaction and bar generation at river mouths and the sediment presuspension at the swash zone. Fundamental non‐local mechanisms are both infragravity (IG) waves and large‐scale horizontal vortices (i.e. with vertical axes), both influencing the hydrodynamics, the sediment transport and the seabed morphology across the whole nearshore. Major connections across the three subsystems are the upriver propagation of IG waves generated by breaking sea waves and swash–swash interactions, the interplay between the swash zone and along‐river‐flank sediment transport and the evolution of nearshore sandbars. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using GWAS top hits to inform priors in Bayesian fine‐mapping association studies
Authors: Walters Kevin , Cox Angela , Yaacob Hannuun
Published: July 2019

The default causal single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effect size prior in Bayesian fine‐mapping studies is usually the Normal distribution. This choice is often based on computational convenience, rather than evidence that it is the most suitable prior distribution. The choice of prior is important because previous studies have shown considerable sensitivity of causal SNP Bayes factors to the form of the prior. In some well‐studied diseases there are now considerable numbers of genome‐wide association study (GWAS) top hits along with estimates of the number of yet‐to‐be‐discovered causal SNPs. We show how the effect sizes of the top hits and estimates of the number of yet‐to‐be‐discovered causal SNPs can be used to choose between the Laplace and Normal priors, to estimate the prior parameters and to quantify the uncertainty in this estimation. The methodology can readily be applied to other priors. We show that the top hits available from breast cancer GWAS provide overwhelming support for the Laplace over the Normal prior, which has important consequences for variant prioritisation. This work in this paper enables practitioners to derive more objective priors than are currently being used and could lead to prioritisation of different variants.
Comparison of trophic structure of fish assemblages in two tropical streams in Sri Lanka: A seasonal dry‐zone stream and a perennial wet‐zone stream
Authors: Weliange Wasantha S. , Amarasinghe Upali S. , Vijverberg Jacobus , Leichtfried Maria , Füreder Leopold
Published: July 2019

Most tropical rivers, especially in the Asian region, are severely impacted by various human perturbations and the diverse habitats in streams support rich invertebrate and vertebrate communities. It is hypothesized that the fish assemblages and their dietary structure in two tropical streams differ because they flow through different terrains and are exposed to different climatic conditions. In the wet‐zone stream, which is geomorphologically more complex, fish faunal diversity showed a significant variation and presence of endemic fish species. In the diets of fish, the taxonomic composition was different along the longitudinal gradients, but dietary taxa richness in the two streams was virtually similar having 32 dietary taxa in the wet‐zone stream and 36 taxa in the dry‐zone stream. In the wet‐zone stream, we observed a lower proportion of specialist feeding species than those in the dry‐zone stream. Trophic indices of individual species in fish assemblages ranging from herbivory to carnivory also indicate structuring of fish communities along the longitudinal gradients of the two streams based on the dietary structure. The main differences between the fish assemblages in the wet zone compared with the dry zone were the higher number of endemic species and the lower percentage of specialist feeders with higher trophic indices. The outcome of this study, hopefully, contributes to planning future biodiversity conservation management schemes under various river‐basin development strategies.