bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Auto de los Reyes Magos
Authors: Pérez Priegos Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2010

El Auto de los Reyes Magos es nuestra más antigua pieza dramática conservada, compuesta hacia fines del s. XII o comienzos del XIII. El texto, de tradición y procedencia toledana, es producto de una sociedad en la que se cruzan y conviven diversas culturas y lenguas. Lo más probable es que su autor fuera un clérigo de origen francés afincado en Toledo, donde hubo de componer la pieza que conocemos, destinada a una señalada fiesta de la catedral y dentro de una cierta tradición dramática vernácula que. En ella recoge el tema de la adoración de los Magos, común a la tradición del drama litúrgico del Ordo Stellae, pero sin adaptarse ni mucho menos traducir ninguna de sus versiones.…
Cambios en los roles familiares y domésticos
Authors: Alberdi Inés
Published: February 2010

Los cambios en los modelos de familia se pueden considerar como un fenómeno complejo con múltiples dimensiones. Las formulas alternativas de convivencia van tomando legitimidad e incluso cobran los rasgos de un mayor compromiso emocional. Las razones que impulsan las uniones matrimoniales han cambiado. Una de las conclusiones más notables del estudio es la desaparición del concepto sacralizado del matrimonio y su sustitución por una idea más instrumental del mismo.…
Monoparentalidad
Authors: Flaquer Lluís
Published: February 2010

En todo el mundo occidental, somos testigos de una creciente preocupación por las graves consecuencias para los niños del aumento de la inestabilidad conyugal. Los divorcios y los nacimientos extramatrimoniales fueron relativamente raros hasta los treinta últimos años del siglo XX. Por otra parte, la cohabitación vivió sus momentos más bajos durante los años cincuenta y sesenta en que prácticamente todo el mundo se casaba (Lewis, 2001). La dinámica del matrimonio y del divorcio experimentaron importantes cambios en los dos últimos decenios.…
Análisis de la presencia institucional del CSIC en el Web
Authors: Aguillo Caño Isidro , Granadino Goenechea Begoña
Published: February 2010

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudio de la presencia del CSIC en el Web. Los indicadores cibermétricos utilizados, se basan en la estima del volumen de contenidos de los diferentes subdominios institucionales del CSIC y la cuantificación de la naturaleza hipertextual de las páginas Web de dichos subdominios.…
Habilidades morfológicas y experiencia socioeducativa
Authors: Contreras González Mª Carmen
Published: February 2010

Esta investigación ha sido motivada con la intención de analizar las ejecuciones morfológicas en dos grupos de niños procedentes de dos ambientes sociales y educativos diferentes. Concretamente, un grupo de niños-as procede de un ambiente socioeducativa de clase media (n=33) y otro grupo con desventaja medioambiental, de un ambiente social de clase baja (n=34), estando sus edades comprendidas entre 7 años y 6 meses, y 9 años. Los niños-as respondieron a un conjunto de subpruebas morfológicas, unas inventadas y otras reales: las primeras estaban destinadas a medir la capacidad para aplicar reglas morfológicas inventadas sin carga léxicosemántica específica, no estando mediatizadas por aprendizajes anteriores;…
Corazón: Ciencia y Literatura
Authors: Martín Municio Ángel
Published: February 2010

Hay en la historia de la civilización unos cuantos temas centrales que han afectado a la vez a la consideración del universo, del hombre y de sus actividades. Y, por igual, nombres que en esta historia supieron introducir nuevas ideas sobre el funcionamiento, también, del universo y del hombre.
Ha sucedido, pues, que, durante muchos siglos, no se supiera a ciencia cierta ni la naturaleza del universo, ni el centro del cosmos. Y, por igual, durante muchos siglos, se ha ignorado cual era la organización del cuerpo humano y cuales de sus partes eran responsables de su funcionamiento general y de sus disposiciones particulares.…
Introducción: Hacia una «cultura de los Servicios de Inteligencia»
Authors: García Sanz Fernando
Published: February 2010

No disponible
Los servicios de inteligencia en la historiografía española
Authors: Goberna Falque Juan R.
Published: February 2010

El objetivo prioritario de este artículo es la presentación del primer balance completo de la historiografía española sobre inteligencia, espionaje y temas afines. Como paso previo, el autor ha realizado una base de datos que cuenta en estos momentos con algo más de 1000 entradas, una cifra nada desdeñable que por sí sola demuestra que la bibliografía española sobre estas materias no es tan escasa como los principales especialistas en el tema suelen afirmar. Un porcentaje muy elevado de las referencias corresponden a trabajos publicados en los últimos doce años, periodo en el que estos estudios han experimentado una progresión exponencial.…
Los Servicios de Inteligencia ante los retos de la Comunidad Internacional
Authors: Torres Muro Federico
Published: February 2010

El título de mi contribución a este número de la revista Arbor, «Los Servicios de inteligencia ante los retos de la comunidad internacional", posiblemente debería completarse con la frase, para las que aquéllos deben tener respuesta. Me explico. Es obvio que la comunidad internacional tiene que afrontar retos como el hambre, la pobreza, el cambio climático, que no menciono en mi artículo ya que no entran dentro del ámbito de actuación de los servicios de inteligencia, aunque ningún analista cualificado los ignoraría.
No obstante, he creído conveniente centrar mi descripción, necesariamente sucinta, del panorama actual de las relaciones internacionales en aquellos factores que entiendo afectan directamente a la seguridad internacional y, por tanto, a la tarea de los servicios de inteligencia.
Obras y Hospitales. Una misma realidad
Authors: González González Mario
Published: February 2010

Hospitales y obras equivale a hablar de una misma realidad. Todos los hospitales conviven habitualmente en una mayor o menor medida con obras en sus instalaciones y éstas representan una parte más de las situaciones que requieren una adecuada gestión y manejo por parte de los gestores sanitarios y de todos los trabajadores implicados. A lo largo de las próximas reflexiones intentaremos abordar las principales problemáticas a las que nos enfrentamos con la presencia de obras en nuestros centros y nuestra visión sobre alternativas o planteamientos a realizar que permitan adecuar las dos partes de la cuestión, el funcionamiento del hospital y el respeto al cronograma de las obras.…
Las tareas pendientes en política sanitaria
Authors: Sabando Suárez Pedro
Published: February 2010

Con la recuperación de la democracia, en el Sistema Sanitario español se han producido cambios importantes, especialmente significativos durante los años 80 y 90.
En estos años, España consolidó el Estado de Bienestar, pese a los problemas económicos tanto a nivel nacional como internacionales, siendo el Sistema Sanitario uno de sus pilares.
El punto de partida era ciertamente complicado. El Sistema Sanitario Público (S.S.P.), estaba configurado por múltiples redes asistenciales sin coordinación.…
Testimonios arqueológicos del Oriente Próximo reflejados en el Séfer–Masa`ot de Benjamín de Tudela (Siria-Palestina, Mesopotamia y Egipto)
Authors: Magdalena Nom de Déu José Ramón
Published: February 2010

Benjamín de Tudela (en hebreo Biniamín ben rabbí Yonah mi- Tudela) es, sin duda, un navarro universal. Judío de la aljama tudelana, se ignora la fecha de su nacimiento (acaso hacia 1130). Hijo de rabino y viajero infatigable, sólo sabemos de este personaje lo poco que de él se menciona en su famoso Libro de Viajes o Séfer-masa`ot, fruto de sus vivas experiencias —las más de las veces directas— exquisitamente plasmadas en su relación de viaje, redactadas en hebreo. Conocedor del romance navarro vernáculo de la época, sabía hebreo - su lengua de instrucción y cultivo literario- y árabe, entendiendo acaso el griego y el latín.…
El viaje de Don Pero Tafur (1436-1439)
Authors: Villalba Ruíz de Toledo Francisco Javier
Published: February 2010

En este breve análisis del viaje de Don Pero Tafur, hemos querido poner el acento en la percepción que tiene de Oriente un representante de la hidalguía castellana de la segunda mitad del siglo XV, para lo que resulta inestimable su relato autobiográfico. De ahí que únicamente nos detengamos en el recorrido que le lleva a las islas griegas. Tierra Santa, Egipto y el mundo bizantino y turco. Como aspecto complementario de esa atracción oriental para el hombre europeo de la época, dedicamos un espacio al encuentro del aventurero andaluz con el célebre mercader italiano, Niccolò dei Conti.…
El Viaje del Mundo de Pedro Ordóñez de Cevallos
Authors: Escribano Martin Fernando
Published: February 2010

Pedro Ordóñez de Cevallos, jienense que vivió entre mediados del siglo XVI y hasta la tercera década del XVII aproximadamente, pasó treinta y cinco años de su vida viajando, por todo el mundo si seguimos el título de uno de sus libros. De su periplo destacaremos sobre todo la parte a América y el Oriente Próximo.
Una vez regresado a su ciudad natal plasmó sus viajes en un libro (aunque escribió otros) y es este periplo del que hablamos en este trabajo. Existen, es cierto, dudas sobre el personaje y sobre sus fuentes, pero la magnitud de su testimonio, y los datos de primera parte que aporta, hacen de él un gran viajero a destacar.…
Tiempo de caballeros andantes
Authors: Córdoba Joaquín Mª
Published: February 2010

Entre los últimos años del siglo XVI y los primeros del XVII, aquel mundo sin límites de los navegantes y aventureros renacentistas comenzaba ya a cerrarse, pues las mismas potencias que antes los habían abierto precisaban ahora defenderlos. No obstante, hasta los inicios de la Guerra de los Treinta Años (1618), España y el Imperio por un lado y Francia e Inglaterra por otro vivirían un periodo de relativa paz. Por encima de rivalidades y controversias religiosas, la sociedad europea compartía similares valores sociales y caballerescos, que una novela iba a poner de relieve. En 1605, la publicación en Madrid de la primera parte de El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha tuvo un éxito rotundo.…
Pedro Teixeira y su viaje por Mesopotamia
Authors: Fuente del Pilar José Javier
Published: February 2010

Pedro Teixeira es un integrante notable de la ilustre nómina de los viajeros portugueses que, a finales del s, XVI y principios del XVII, ensancharon para Occidente las fronteras del mundo. Su conocimiento en España se debe a la publicación en 1994 de su obra «Relaciones del Origen, Descendencia y Sucesión de los Reyes de Persia, y de Harmuz, y de un viaje hecho por el autor dende la India hasta Italia por tierra», en edición realizada por el profesor Eduardo Barajas Sala, lamentablemente fallecido en 1997.
En este artículo se ofrece una reseña biográfica de Pedro Teixeira, y un análisis del viaje narrado por el autor en la última parte de sus «Relaciones »: el que desde Ormuz le conducirá, a través de Mesopotamia, hasta la costa del Mediterráneo.…
El viaje de Federico Gravina a Constantinopla en 1788
Authors: Sánchez Molledo José María
Published: February 2010

En este artículo comentamos el viaje a Constantinopla de Federico Gravina en el año 1788. Apuntamos las líneas generales de las relaciones del Gobierno de Carlos III con el Imperio Otomano para señalar más adelante unos rasgos biográficos de Federico Gravina y las circunstancias que motivaron su viaje. A su regreso escribió la Descripción de Constantinopla, texto en el que describe la ciudad, los vestigios de su antigüedad, sus murallas, sus mezquitas, el Serrallo, sus bazares y sus calles. La obra constituye una aportación a la visión de la mentalidad ilustrada sobre el redescubrimiento de Oriente Próximo.…
Dificultades y dilemas de la política de inmigración
Authors: Arango Joaquín
Published: February 2010

Nunca, como en nuestros días, han sido tan abundantes y prominentes las políticas de inmigración, y nunca se ha vivido ésta con tanta y tan generalizada insatisfacción. El artículo pretenden explicar las razones que subyacen a tal paradoja, con especial atención a las dificultades a las que se enfrentan las políticas de inmigración en nuestros días y los dilemas que las atenazan, en particular en el ámbito de la Unión Europea.
Coloración rápida de tejidos normales y patológicos con carbonato de plata amoniacal (Boletín de la Sociedad española de Biología, año IX, 1919)
Authors: Del Río-Hortega P.
Published: February 2010

No disponible
Sostenibilidad y gobernanza
Authors: Menéndez Viso Armando
Published: February 2010

Si a una persona no especialmente informada se le habla hoy de sostenibilidad, lo más probable es que acuda a su cabeza una serie de ideas comúnmente asociadas al término: naturaleza, medio ambiente, ecología, conservación, desarrollo, etc. La primera tarea de estas páginas consistirá, precisamente, en especificar, filtrar y acaso extender esta serie de ideas. Después se intentará averiguar si puede ayudar a emprender una buena acción de gobierno, y cómo. La conclusión a la que se llegará es que la sostenibilidad resulta eficaz como criterio de selección -especialmente para descartar acciones de gobierno perniciosas- y debe desempeñar el papel de un ideal regulativo, pero no ofrece programas concretos de buen gobierno. La retórica de la sostenibilidad da juego (permite al menos cuatro figuras recurrentes, como se verá), pero no proporcionará resultado alguno si el discurso que recurre a ella no posee su propio contenido.
La percepción de los actores de la seguridad alimentaria
Authors: Ponce Gloria , Muñoz Emilio
Published: February 2010

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una encuesta sobre el funcionamiento del sistema de seguridad alimentaria en España, con especial atención al tema de los alimentos transgénicos (a causa del debate social que suscitaron). La encuesta muestra que la valoración que la industria alimentaria española hace del sistema de seguridad alimentaria, tanto a nivel de España como a nivel de la Unión Europea, es ambivalente, especialmente por las dudas sobre la independencia y eficacia en su funcionamiento. Una comparación con datos de otras encuestas revela que la percepción de otros actores, especialmente de los consumidores, es igualmente ambivalente, indicando una importante falta de aceptación entre diferentes actores sociales relevantes para el sistema.
Ciencia y valores en los estudios del cerebro
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Amparo
Published: February 2010

En este artículo se examinan las teorías biológicas del siglo XIX acerca de la inferioridad mental de las mujeres. El estudio se centra en el evolucionismo, la frenología y los estudios del cerebro (con especial atención a la propuesta de Moebius). Se lleva a cabo un análisis de dichas teorías mostrando como opera la ideología acerca de la inferioridad de las mujeres tanto en las hipótesis que se sostienen como en las investigaciones que se llevan a cabo. La ideología se concreta en el trasfondo de asunciones y valores externas que está operando en la práctica científica llevada a cabo en estas áreas científicas. La conclusión es que tales teorías se limitan a confirmar los estereotipos de género dominantes.
Design, Synthesis, and Analysis of Minor Groove Binder Pyrrolepolyamide‐2′‐Deoxyguanosine Hybrids
Authors: Kawashima Etsuko , Ohba Yusuke , Terui Yusuke , Kamaike Kazuo
Published: February 2010

Pyrrolepolyamide‐2′‐deoxyguanosine hybrids (Hybrid 2 and Hybrid 3) incorporating the 3‐aminopropionyl or 3‐aminopropyl linker were designed and synthesized on the basis of previously reported results of a pyrrolepolyamide‐adenosine hybrid (Hybrid 1). Evaluation of the DNA binding sequence selectivity of pyrrolepolyamide‐2′‐deoxyguanosine hybrids was performed by CD spectral and Tm analyses. It was shown that Hybrid 3 possessed greater binding specificity than distamycin A, Hybrid 1 and Hybrid 2.
A method for reverse interactome analysis: High‐resolution mapping of interdomain interaction network in Dam1 complex and its specific disorganization based on the interaction domain expression
Authors: Ikeuchi Akinori , Nakano Hideo , Kamiya Takuma , Yamane Tsuneo , Kawarasaki Yasuaki
Published: February 2010

An experimental methodology that facilitates functional analysis of numerous protein–protein interactions, which have been found in genome‐wide interactome researches, has long been awaited. We propose herein an antagonistic inhibition‐based approach. The antagonizing polypeptide is generated in the course of interaction domain mapping based on yeast 2‐hybrid (Y2H) screening coupled with in vitro convergence of the Y2H‐selected fragments, which is performed in a formatted procedure. Using the coupled methodology, we first performed a high‐resolution mapping of an interdomain interaction network within budding yeast's Dam1 complex. Dam1 complex is a kinetochore protein complex composed of 10 essential subunits including Spc34p and Spc19p. The high‐resolution mapping revealed the overall network structure within the complex for the first time: Dam1 components form into two separated subnetworks on N‐terminal scaffolding domains of Spc34p and Spc19p, and the coiled‐coil interaction in their C‐terminal domains connects the subnetworks. Secondly, we show that the domain fragments converged in the high‐resolution mapping acted as potent inhibitors for the endogenous interactions when episomally overexpressed. The in vivo Dam1 interaction targeting with the fragments conferred a similar phenotype on the host cells; a critical and irreversible damage, which was accompanied with disturbed budding and chromosome mis‐segregation as a result of disorganized spindle. These phenotypes were strongly related to the cellular function of the Dam1 complex. The results and approach we demonstrated herein not only shed light on the Dam1 molecular architecture but also pave the road to reverse‐interactome analysis and discoveries of novel drugs that target disease‐related protein–protein interactions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Extracerebellar role for Cerebellin1: Modulation of dendritic spine density and synapses in striatal medium spiny neurons
Authors: Kusnoor S.V. , Parris J. , Muly E.C. , Morgan J.I. , Deutch A.Y.
Published: February 2010

Cerebellin1 (Cbln1) is a secreted glycoprotein that was originally isolated from the cerebellum and subsequently found to regulate synaptic development and stability. Cbln1 has a heterogeneous distribution in brain, but the only site in which it has been shown to have central effects is the cerebellar cortex, where loss of Cbln1 causes a reduction in granule cell‐Purkinje cell synapses. Neurons of the thalamic parafascicular nucleus (PF), which provide glutamatergic projections to the striatum, also express high levels of Cbln1. We first examined Cbln1 in thalamostriatal neurons and then determined if cbln1 knockout mice exhibit structural deficits in striatal neurons. Virtually all PF neurons express Cbln1‐immunoreactivity (‐ir). In contrast, only rare Cbln1‐ir neurons are present in the central medial complex, the other thalamic region that projects heavily to the dorsal striatum. In the striatum Cbln1‐ir processes are apposed to medium spiny neuron (MSN) dendrites; ultrastructural studies revealed that Cbln1‐ir axon terminals form axodendritic synapses with MSNs. Tract‐tracing studies found that all PF cells retrogradely labeled from the striatum express Cbln1‐ir. We then examined the dendritic structure of Golgi‐impregnated MSNs in adult cbln1 knockout mice. MSN dendritic spine density was markedly increased in cbln1−/− mice relative to wildtype littermates, but total dendritic length was unchanged. Ultrastructural examination revealed an increase in the density of MSN axospinous synapses in cbln1−/− mice, with no change in postsynaptic density length. Thus, Cbln1 determines the dendritic structure of striatal MSNs, with effects distinct from those seen in the cerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2525–2537, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SPP1 is expressed in corticospinal neurons of the macaque sensorimotor cortex
Authors: Higo Noriyuki , Sato Akira , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Nishimura Yukio , Oishi Takao , Murata Yumi , Onoe Hirotaka , Yoshino‐Saito Kimika , Tsuboi Fumiharu , Takahashi Masahito , Isa Tadashi , Kojima Toshio
Published: February 2010

The cellular distribution of SPP1, which we recently identified as a gene with greater expression in the macaque primary motor cortex than in the premotor or prefrontal cortices, was examined in rhesus macaque, common marmoset, and rat brains. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that SPP1 mRNA was expressed specifically in pyramidal neurons in layer V of the sensorimotor cortex of the rhesus macaque. These SPP1 mRNA‐positive neurons were most abundant in the primary motor area, followed by Brodmann area 5 and the supplementary motor area, in accordance with the distribution of corticospinal neurons. In addition, injection of a retrograde neuroanatomical tracer into the lateral corticospinal tract (CST) of the spinal cord caused labeling of SPP1 positive neurons, indicating the expression of SPP1 in corticospinal neurons. SPP1 was also expressed in the thalamus, brainstem, and spinal ventral horn of the rhesus macaque. Although SPP1 was also detected in the brainstem and spinal cord of the marmoset and the rat, it was not detected in their cerebral cortices. Selective expression in the corticospinal neurons of the sensorimotor cortex of the rhesus macaque suggests that SPP1 plays a critical role in the functional or structural specialization of highly developed corticospinal systems in certain primate species. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2633–2644, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The volatility of the amygdala response to masked fearful eyes
Authors: Straube Thomas , Dietrich Caroline , Mothes‐Lasch Martin , Mentzel Hans‐Joachim , Miltner Wolfgang H.R.
Published: February 2010

Recently, it has been suggested that backwardly masked, and thus subliminally presented, fearful eyes are processed by the amygdala. Here, we investigated in four functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments whether the amygdala responds to subliminally presented fearful eyes per se or whether an interaction of masked eyes with the masks or with parts of the masks used for backward masking might be responsible for the amygdala activation. In these experiments, we varied the mask as well as the position of the target eyes. The results show that the amygdala does not respond to masked fearful eyes per se but to an interaction between masked fearful eyes and the eyes of neutral faces used for masking. This finding questions the hypothesis that the amygdala processes context‐free parts of the human face without awareness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cleavage of galectin‐3 by matrix metalloproteases induces angiogenesis in breast cancer
Authors: Nangia‐Makker Pratima , Wang Yi , Raz Tirza , Tait Larry , Balan Vitaly , Hogan Victor , Raz Avraham
Published: February 2010

Galectin‐3 cleavage is related to progression of human breast and prostate cancer and is partly responsible for tumor growth, angiogenesis and apoptosis resistance in mouse models. A functional polymorphism in galectin‐3 gene, determining its susceptibility to cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)‐2/‐9 is related to racial disparity in breast cancer incidence in Asian and Caucasian women. The purpose of our study is to evaluate (i) if cleavage of galectin‐3 could be related to angiogenesis during the progression of human breast cancer, (ii) the role of cleaved galectin‐3 in induction of angiogenesis and (iii) determination of the galectin‐3 domain responsible for induction of angiogenic response. Galectin‐3 null breast cancer cells BT‐459 were transfected with either cleavable full‐length galectin‐3 or its fragmented peptides. Chemotaxis, chemoinvasion, heterotypic aggregation, epithelial‐endothelial cell interactions and angiogenesis were compared to noncleavable galectin‐3. BT‐549‐H64 cells harboring cleavable galectin‐3 exhibited increased chemotaxis, invasion and interactions with endothelial cells resulting in angiogenesis and 3D morphogenesis compared to BT‐549‐P64 cells harboring noncleavable galectin‐3. BT‐549‐H64 cells induced increased migration and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in migrating endothelial cells. Endothelial cells cocultured with BT‐549 cells transfected with galectin‐3 peptides indicate that amino acids 1–62 and 33–250 stimulate migration and morphogenesis of endothelial cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of blood vessel density and galectin‐3 cleavage in a breast cancer progression tissue array support the in vitro findings. We conclude that the cleavage of the N terminus of galectin‐3 followed by its release in the tumor microenvironment in part leads to breast cancer angiogenesis and progression.
Slow‐release nanoparticle‐encapsulated delivery system for laryngeal injection
Authors: Kolachala Vasantha L. , Henriquez Oswaldo A. , Shams Samantha , Golub Justin S. , Kim Young‐tae , Laroui Hamed , Torres‐Gonzalez Edilson , Brigham Kenneth L. , Rojas Mauricio , Bellamkonda Ravi V. , Johns Michael M.
Published: February 2010

Objectives/Hypothesis:

There is a need for a slow‐release system for local delivery of therapeutics to the larynx. Most therapeutic substances, such as steroids or chemotherapeutic agents that are injected into the larynx are cleared rapidly. Repeated laryngeal injection of these substances at short intervals is impractical. Injectable encapsulated poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles offer a potential slow‐release delivery system for biologically active substances in the larynx.

Study Design:

Controlled animal study.

Methods:

PLGA nanoparticles were fabricated using a double emulsion method and were loaded with Texas Red‐dextran (NPTR), hepatocyte growth factor (NPHGF), and bovine serum albumin (NPBSA). In vitro release of NPTR, NPBSA, and NPHGF was determined over approximately 2 weeks to assess potential duration of PLGA nanoparticle delivery. In vivo release of NPTR was assessed in a murine vocal fold injection model. The transcriptional effect of NPHGF on procollagen was measured in vitro to assess whether released growth factor retained functionality.

Results:

In vitro release kinetics demonstrated slow release of NPTR, NPBSA, and NPHGF over 12 to 14 days. In vitro NPTR release correlated with in vivo results. In vivo presence of NPTR occurred up to 7 days compared to 1 day for Texas Red control. In addition, NPHGF ameliorated transforming growth factor‐β induced procollagen in vitro in 3T3 fibroblast cells.

Conclusions:

The results demonstrate the potential utility of nanoparticle encapsulation as an effective method for long‐term delivery of specific drugs and biologically active substances to the larynx. Laryngoscope, 2010
Evaluation of thermal and viscoelastic properties of asphalt binders by compounding with polymer modifiers
Authors: Yeh Pei‐Hung , Nien Yu‐Hsun , Chen Wei‐Chyum , Liu Wen‐Tsung
Published: February 2010

A series of potentially useful asphalt blends containing polyethylene with different extents of polarity as modifiers have been prepared and characterized for asphalt pavement. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies show that poly(ethylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride) (MPE) exhibit more interaction with asphalt phase than low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) due to more dispersion of the amorphous content of MPE into the asphalt matrix. The phase distributions of micrographs from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that polyethylene modifiers with different extents of polarity in asphalt blends results in dispersion of polymer additive into the asphalt phase and affect the certain degree of the phase separation of asphalt blends. From rheological studies, most of asphalt blends exhibit superior performance at higher temperature with increasing the contents of modifiers such as reducing Newtonian flow response, enhancing rutting resistance as well as frequency of loading and improving creep resistance than tank asphalt. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1738–1744, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
An investigation on the correlation between rheology and morphology of nanocomposite foams based on low‐density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate blends
Authors: Riahinezhad M. , Ghasemi I. , Karrabi M. , Azizi H.
Published: February 2010

This article presents the correlation between rheology and morphology of nanocomposite foams of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and their blends. LDPE/EVA nanocomposites were prepared via melt mixing and then foamed using batch foaming method. To assess the rheological behavior of polymer melts, frequency sweep and creep recovery tests were done. Morphology of the samples was also studied by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The results showed that with increase in clay content, storage modulus, complex and zero shear viscosities will be increased, which affect the foam morphology. In addition, elasticity plays an important role in foaming process, in a way that samples with more elasticity percentage have the highest cell density and the lowest cell size. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1808–1816, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Micromechanical analysis of the kink‐band performance at the interface of a thermoplastic composite under tensile deformation
Authors: Gonzalez‐Chi P.I. , Flores‐Johnson E.A. , Carrillo‐Baeza J.G. , Young R.J.
Published: February 2010

The manufacture of thermoplastic composites normally involves compression molding that generates fiber dislocations known as kink‐bands, which create stress concentrations able to cause the premature compression failure of a composite; nevertheless, the kink‐band influence over the interfacial performance or failure of a composite tested under tension is not fully understood. This work uses Raman spectroscopy as a tool to map the axial stress distribution around a kink‐band in an aramid/low density polyethylene single fiber composite. The stress distribution along the fiber was fitted to a generalized shear‐lag model to calculate the interfacial shear stress; its maximum was found around the kink‐band where the fiber interface was still bonded to the matrix, defining a localized stress concentration. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1817–1817, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Matrigel: A complex protein mixture required for optimal growth of cell culture
Authors: Hughes Chris S. , Postovit Lynne M. , Lajoie Gilles A.
Published: February 2010

Numerous cell types require a surface for attachment to grow and proliferate. Certain cells, particularly primary and stem cells, necessitate the use of specialized growth matrices along with specific culture media conditions to maintain the cells in an undifferentiated state. A gelatinous protein mixture derived from mouse tumor cells and commercialized as Matrigel is commonly used as a basement membrane matrix for stem cells because it retains the stem cells in an undifferentiated state. However, Matrigel is not a well‐defined matrix, and therefore can produce a source of variability in experimental results. In this study, we present an in‐depth proteomic analysis of Matrigel using a dynamic iterative exclusion method coupled with fractionation protocols that involve ammonium sulfate precipitation, size exclusion chromatography, and one‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE. The ability to identify the low mass and abundance components of Matrigel illustrates the utility of this method for the analysis of the extracellular matrix, as well as the complexity of the matrix itself.
Conformational changes in oxidatively stressed monoclonal antibodies studied by hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry
Authors: Burkitt William , Domann Paula , O'Connor Gavin
Published: February 2010

Oxidation of methionine residues in biopharmaceuticals is a common and often unwanted modification that frequently occurs during their manufacture and storage. It often results in a lack of stability and biological function of the product, necessitating continuous testing for the modification throughout the product shelf life. A major class of biopharmaceutical products are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), however, techniques for their detailed structural analysis have until recently been limited. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HXMS) has recently been successfully applied to the analysis of mAbs. Here we used HXMS to identify and localise the structural changes that occurred in a mAb (IgG1) after accelerated oxidative stress. Structural alterations in a number of segments of the Fc region were observed and these related to oxidation of methionine residues. These included a large change in the hydrogen exchange profile of residues 247–253 of the heavy chain, while smaller changes in hydrogen exchange profile were identified for peptides that contained residues in the interface of the CH2 and CH3 domains.
Microsecond simulations of the folding/unfolding thermodynamics of the Trp‐cage miniprotein
Authors: Day Ryan , Paschek Dietmar , Garcia Angel E.
Published: February 2010

We study the unbiased folding/unfolding thermodynamics of the Trp‐cage miniprotein using detailed molecular dynamics simulations of an all‐atom model of the protein in explicit solvent using the Amberff99SB force field. Replica‐exchange molecular dynamics simulations are used to sample the protein ensembles over a broad range of temperatures covering the folded and unfolded states at two densities. The obtained ensembles are shown to reach equilibrium in the 1 μs/replica timescale. The total simulation time used in the calculations exceeds 100 μs. Ensemble averages of the fraction folded, pressure, and energy differences between the folded and unfolded states as a function of temperature are used to model the free energy of the folding transition, ΔG(P, T), over the whole region of temperatures and pressures sampled in the simulations. The ΔG(P, T) diagram describes an ellipse over the range of temperatures and pressures sampled, predicting that the system can undergo pressure‐induced unfolding and cold denaturation at low temperatures and high pressures, and unfolding at low pressures and high temperatures. The calculated free energy function exhibits remarkably good agreement with the experimental folding transition temperature (Tf = 321 K), free energy, and specific heat changes. However, changes in enthalpy and entropy are significantly different than the experimental values. We speculate that these differences may be due to the simplicity of the semiempirical force field used in the simulations and that more elaborate force fields may be required to describe appropriately the thermodynamics of proteins. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Band parameters of GaAs, InAs, InP, and InSb in the 40-band k⋅p model
Authors: Saïdi I. , Ben Radhia S. , Boujdaria K.
Published: February 2010

A 40-band k⋅p model is used to compute the standard k⋅p band parameters at Γ, X, and L valleys in direct-band-gap bulk materials for Td group semiconductors. The values of the effective masses for electrons, heavy holes, and light holes in the Γ, X, and L valleys are in good agreement with those reported in other publications. Satisfactory agreement with available experimental data is also obtained by the present model. Finally, our results show that the effective Landé factor g∗, the κ valence band parameter, and the Dresselhauss spin-orbit coupling constant δ conicide well with available experimental data. The k⋅p Hamiltonian parameters, in particular, are adjusted to get g∗(GaAs)=−0.42, which turn out to be in agreement with the experimental value of −0.44.
Unconventional secretion of Pichia pastoris Acb1 is dependent on GRASP protein, peroxisomal functions, and autophagosome formation
Authors: Manjithaya Ravi , Anjard Christophe , Loomis William F. , Subramani Suresh
Published: February 2010

In contrast to the enormous advances made regarding mechanisms of conventional protein secretion, mechanistic insights into the unconventional secretion of proteins are lacking. Acyl coenzyme A (CoA)–binding protein (ACBP; AcbA in Dictyostelium discoideum), an unconventionally secreted protein, is dependent on Golgi reassembly and stacking protein (GRASP) for its secretion. We discovered, surprisingly, that the secretion, processing, and function of an AcbA-derived peptide, SDF-2, are conserved between the yeast Pichia pastoris and D. discoideum. We show that in yeast, the secretion of SDF-2–like activity is GRASP dependent, triggered by nitrogen starvation, and requires autophagy proteins as well as medium-chain fatty acyl CoA generated by peroxisomes. Additionally, a phospholipase D implicated in soluble N-ethyl-maleimide sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor–mediated vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane is necessary, but neither peroxisome turnover nor fusion between autophagosomes and the vacuole is essential. Moreover, yeast Acb1 and several proteins required for its secretion are necessary for sporulation in P. pastoris. Our findings implicate currently unknown, evolutionarily conserved pathways in unconventional secretion.
Records of hypogeous mycorrhizal fungi in the diet of some Western Australian bolboceratine beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae, Bolboceratinae)
Authors: Houston Terry F , Bougher Neale L
Published: February 2010

In order to assess the possible contribution of bolboceratine beetles to the dispersal of mycorrhizal fungal spores, faeces and/or gut contents of adults of several species and genera obtained from burrows or collected at lights at night were examined microscopically. Two species of Blackbolbus (frontalis and fucinus) were found to have fed on different species of hypogeous sporocarps (truffles). Furthermore, adults of Bbo. frontalis were found in burrows with truffles of the genera Amarrendia, Hysterangium and Scleroderma. Specimens of some Blackburnium, Bolboleaus and Bolborhachium species, on the other hand, were found to have ingested diffuse glomeralean mycelium and spores along with varying quantities of soil. Limited evidence of broad‐scale distribution of spores was obtained. Some Scleroderma truffles found in burrows of Bbo. frontalis were honeycombed and inhabited by numerous nitidulid beetles identified as Thalycrodes mixta. Two truffles identified as Hysterangium found in soil close to a burrow of Bbo. frontalis were infested with nematodes.
Native saltbush (Rhagodia spp.; Chenopodiaceae) as a potential reservoir for agromyzid leafminer parasitoids on horticultural farms
Authors: Wood Glenys , Siekmann Gitta , Stephens Claire , DeGraaf Helen , La Salle John , Glatz Richard
Published: February 2010

Australia has to date been spared the introduction of highly polyphagous invasive pest agromyzid leafminers; however, their arrival and spread should be considered imminent. To develop a pre‐emptive control strategy to deal with exotic leafminer outbreaks the first step is to identify Australian leafmining flies, their plant hosts and their parasitoids to gain an understanding of their population dynamics. Native vegetation may be providing resources for beneficial parasitic wasps plus access to alternative hosts and refuge from disturbance. Here, two Australian endemic saltbushes (Rhagodia candolleana and R. parabolica, Caryophyllales: Chenopodiaceae) have been investigated for their potential to act as reservoirs for endemic agromyzid hosts and their key parasitoids. Mined leaves of the two Rhagodia species were sampled on two commercial horticultural properties in the Virginia horticulture area on the Northern Adelaide Plains between September 2007 and April 2008. Leaf mines on both Rhagodia species were caused by an endemic leafminer species, putatively Phytoliriomyza praecellens Spencer (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Ten species of parasitoids (all Hymenoptera) emerged from R. candolleana mines and seven different species from R. parabolica mines, mainly from the family Eulophidae and with some Pteromalidae and Braconidae. Trigonogastrella Girault sp. (Pteromalidae), Zagrammosoma latilineatum Ubaidillah and Hemiptarsenus varicornis Girault (both Eulophidae) were the most abundant species on R. candolleana, whereas two Opius Wesmael spp. (Braconidae) were the most abundant species on R. parabolica. Findings from this survey suggest an opportunity to plant purpose‐designed refuges that could play a role in conservation biological control as part of an Integrated Pest Management strategy developed prior to incursion of pest leafminers such as Liriomyza species.
Homeward bound: the circular migration of entertainers between Japan and the Philippines
Authors: PARREÑAS RHACEL SALAZAR
Published: February 2010

One feature of globalization is the growing number of temporary labour migrants, but their experience of settlement does not always fit the dominant perspective of transnational migration. Unlike transnational migrants, circular migrants tend not to be equally entrenched in home and host societies, but instead hold feelings of greater affinity for the home society. They engage in repeated short periods of work abroad, an example being migrant Filipina entertainers in Tokyo, Japan. This article describes the settlement of these circular migrants and demonstrates how it is a process of returning to the home society that entails limited integration in the host society; they are routinely segregated in time and space. Migrant Filipina entertainers start thinking about their departure almost as soon as they arrive, and their departure is marked by a carefully‐planned ceremony, or sayonara party. Questioning the assumption in the literature that circular migrants will eventually become permanent residents, in this article I call for the formulation of new theoretical frameworks that better capture the qualitatively distinct experiences of circular migrants.
Sustainability as global attractor: the greening of the 2008 Beijing Olympics
Authors: MOL ARTHUR P. J.
Published: February 2010

If one interprets sustainability as an attractor, it means that across time and place notions and ideas of sustainability structure, order and pattern institutions and practices. One can effectively explore the idea that sustainability is turning into a global attractor through mega events. As high profile and very visible happenings that attract worldwide attention, it is difficult to ignore common and widely shared norms on sustainability in the route towards such events. In investigating the 2008 Beijing Olympics I conclude that sustainability norms indeed restructured and patterned this global mega event. Moreover, these sustainability norms are crystallized, institutionalized and fixed in material and social structures, and thus will likely have some permanency.
A rat model of saliva secretory immunoglobulin: a suppression caused by intense exercise
Authors: Kimura F. , Aizawa K. , Tanabe K. , Shimizu K. , Kon M. , Lee H. , Akimoto T. , Akama T. , Kono I.
Published: February 2010

We aimed to develop a valid model of immunosuppression induced by intense exercise in rats. Rats were divided into three groups. In the rest (Rest) group, saliva was collected from resting rats on 4 consecutive days. In the exercise (Ex) group, rats ran on a treadmill untill exhaustion (exercise time: 60.0 ± 3.7 min), and their saliva was collected before and after exercise; the salivary glands were removed after exercise. In the control (Con) group, saliva collection and gland removal were also performed, but the rats did not exercise. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentrations in saliva and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) mRNA expression in the glands were measured. There was no significant change in SIgA concentration in the Rest group over 4 days. In the Ex group, SIgA concentration decreased significantly after exercise compared with before, whereas there was no significant change in the Con group. The expression of pIgR mRNA was significantly lower in the Ex group post‐exercise than in the Con group. Our procedure for saliva collection appeared suitable, and the exercise‐induced SIgA suppression was probably caused by a decline in pIgR mRNA expression. We propose to use this reproducible and reliable rat model of exercise‐induced SIgA suppression in future studies.
Rehabilitation and recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: patients' experiences
Authors: Heijne A. , Axelsson K. , Werner S. , Biguet G.
Published: February 2010

The aim was to explore patients' experiences of the rehabilitation process after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Ten participants were enrolled in the study. Semi‐structured interviews were performed, focusing on challenges during the post‐operative rehabilitation to 1 year after ACL reconstruction. The participants perceived no real choice between operative and non‐operative treatment. Only surgery symbolized a full return to the pre‐injury level of sports, and surgery was understood as the only way to become a completely restored “functional human being.” A major source of frustration was that the meaning of and progress during the rehabilitation did not match their expectations. Three different responses to the challenge of a prolonged rehabilitation were expressed: “going for it,”“being ambivalent,” and “giving in.” Fear of re‐injury was common; however, some participants decided not to return to their pre‐injury level of sports due to reasons other than physical limitations or fear of re‐injury. From a patient perspective, it seems important that the choice of operative or non‐operative treatment should be discussed in terms of the meaning and extent of the post‐operative rehabilitation and the expected outcomes. There also seems to be a need for more guidance in realistic goal setting and coaching throughout the rehabilitation process.
Social physique anxiety and sociocultural attitudes toward appearance impact on orthorexia test in fitness participants
Authors: Eriksson L. , Baigi A. , Marklund B. , Lindgren E. C.
Published: February 2010

This study investigates how scores on the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) and the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ) relate to Bratman's orthorexia test (BOT) scores with regard to age, sex, and self‐reported exercise frequency and duration in a sample of Swedish participants in fitness center activities. A total of 251 participants (166 women and 85 men) completed the SPAS, the SATAQ, and a questionnaire focusing on exercise frequency and duration. The results indicated that the SATAQ subdomain internalization could itself explain the variation in BOT results. In women, the results indicated that exercise frequency, followed by SPAS score and the SATAQ subdomains internalization and awareness, could together explain the variation in BOT results. Fitness centers could make a point of emphasizing that some physical ideals are neither healthy nor realistic, thus strengthening member self‐image and preventing social physique anxiety, eating disorders, and negative attitudes toward appearance.
Nest composition and worker relatedness in three slave‐making ants of the genusRossomyrmexArnoldi and theirProformicaRuzsky hosts (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: Tinaut Alberto , Ruano Francisca , Sanllorente Olivia , Fernández‐Zambrano Alejandra , Karaman Celal , Kaz Yelimbek
Published: February 2010

Abstract In this paper, we analyze and compare nest composition and architecture as well as worker relatedness in three related species of slave‐making ants:Rossomyrmex anatolicus,R. minuchae, andR. quandratinodum. Colony structure within nests is an important trait in ants, especially in the case of mixed societies, when host and parasite coexist in the same nest. Data for their respective free‐living hosts,Proformica korbi,P. longisetaandP.sp., are also provided. For our study, we integrated a meticulous excavation procedure with a genetic method. We conclude that the average number of parasites, as well as of slaves, is species‐specific, whereas nest depth depends on the nest architecture of the host. The genusRossomyrmexseems to be monogynous and monandrous, whereasProformicashows differences in the number of queens and mating frequency.R. quandratinodumshows different traits in nest composition (host/parasite ratio: P/R) and architecture. The difference in traits may account for some differences in parasitism: raid process or avoidance of parasitism.