bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The UV Spectrum of the Ultracool Dwarf LSR J1835+3259 Observed with the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Saur Joachim , Fischer Christian , Wennmacher Alexandre , Feldman Paul D. , Roth Lorenz , Strobel Darrell F. , Reiners Ansgar
Published: May 2018

An interesting question about ultracool dwarfs recently raised in the literature is whether their emission is purely internally driven or partially powered by external processes similar to planetary aurora known from the solar system. In this work, we present Hubble Space Telescope observations of the energy fluxes of the M8.5 ultracool dwarf LSR J1835+3259 throughout the ultraviolet (UV). The obtained spectra reveal that the object is generally UV-fainter compared with other earlier-type dwarfs. We detect the Mg ii doublet at 2800 Å and constrain an average flux throughout the near-UV. In the far-UV without Lyα, the ultracool dwarf is extremely faint with an energy output at least a factor of 250 smaller as expected from auroral emission physically similar to that on Jupiter. We also detect the red wing of the Lyα emission. Our overall finding is that the observed UV spectrum of LSR J1835+3259 resembles the spectrum of mid/late-type M-dwarf stars relatively well, but it is distinct from a spectrum expected from Jupiter-like auroral processes.
An Empirical Planetesimal Belt Radius–Stellar Luminosity Relation
Authors: Matrà L. , Marino S. , Kennedy G. M. , Wyatt M. C. , Öberg K. I. , Wilner D. J.
Published: May 2018

Resolved observations of millimeter-sized dust, tracing larger planetesimals, have pinpointed the location of 26 Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt analogs. We report that a belt’s distance R to its host star correlates with the star’s luminosity L
⋆, following

with a low intrinsic scatter of ∼17%. Remarkably, our Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt in the solar system and the two CO snow lines imaged in protoplanetary disks lie close to this R–L
⋆ relation, suggestive of an intrinsic relationship between protoplanetary disk structures and belt locations. To test the effect of bias on the relation, we use a Monte Carlo approach and simulate uncorrelated model populations of belts. We find that observational bias could produce the slope and intercept of the R–L
⋆ relation but is unable to reproduce its low scatter. We then repeat the simulation taking into account the collisional evolution of belts, following the steady-state model that fits the belt population as observed through infrared excesses. This significantly improves the fit by lowering the scatter of the simulated R–L
⋆ relation; however, this scatter remains only marginally consistent with the one observed. The inability of observational bias and collisional evolution alone to reproduce the tight relationship between belt radius and stellar luminosity could indicate that planetesimal belts form at preferential locations within protoplanetary disks. The similar trend for CO snow line locations would then indicate that the formation of planetesimals or planets in the outer regions of planetary systems is linked to the volatility of their building blocks, as postulated by planet formation models.
Continued Brightening of the Afterglow of GW170817/GRB 170817A as Being Due to a Delayed Energy Injection
Authors: Li Bing , Li Long-Biao , Huang Yong-Feng , Geng Jin-Jun , Yu Yong-Bo , Song Li-Ming
Published: May 2018

The brightness of the multi-wavelength afterglow of GRB 170817A is increasing unexpectedly even ∼160 days after the associated gravitational burst. Here we suggest that the brightening can be caused by a late-time energy injection process. We use an empirical expression to mimic the evolution of the injection luminosity, which consists of a power-law rising phase and a power-law decreasing phase. It is found that the power-law indices of the two phases are 0.92 and −2.8, respectively, with the peak time of the injection being ∼110 days. The energy injection could be due to some kind of accretion, with the total accreted mass being ∼0.006 M
⊙. However, normal fall-back accretion, which usually lasts for a much shorter period, cannot provide a natural explanation. Our best-fit decay index of −2.8 is also at odds with the expected value of −5/3 for normal fall-back accretion. Noting that the expansion velocities of the kilonova components associated with GW170817 are 0.1–0.3 c, we argue that there should also be some ejecta with correspondingly lower velocities during the coalescence of the double neutron star (NS) system. They are bound by the gravitational well of the remnant central compact object and might be accreted at a timescale of about 100 days, providing a reasonable explanation for the energy injection. Detailed studies on the long-lasting brightening of GRB 170817A thus may provide useful information on matter ejection during the merger process of binary neutron stars.
A NICER Look at the Aql X-1 Hard State
Authors: Bult Peter , Arzoumanian Zaven , Cackett Edward M. , Chakrabarty Deepto , Gendreau Keith C. , Guillot Sebastien , Homan Jeroen , Jaisawal Gaurava K. , Keek Laurens , Kenyon Steve , Lamb Frederick K. , Ludlam Renee , Mahmoodifar Simin , Markwardt Craig , Miller Jon M. , Prigozhin Gregory , Soong Yang , Strohmayer Tod E. , Uttley Phil
Published: May 2018

We report on a spectral-timing analysis of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) Aql X-1 with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) on the International Space Station (ISS). Aql X-1 was observed with NICER during a dim outburst in 2017 July, collecting approximately 50 ks of good exposure. The spectral and timing properties of the source correspond to that of a (hard) extreme island state in the atoll classification. We find that the fractional amplitude of the low-frequency (<0.3 Hz) band-limited noise shows a dramatic turnover as a function of energy: it peaks at 0.5 keV with nearly 25% rms, drops to 12% rms at 2 keV, and rises to 15% rms at 10 keV. Through the analysis of covariance spectra, we demonstrate that band-limited noise exists in both the soft thermal emission and the power-law emission. Additionally, we measure hard time lags, indicating the thermal emission at 0.5 keV leads the power-law emission at 10 keV on a timescale of ∼100 ms at 0.3 Hz to ∼10 ms at 3 Hz. Our results demonstrate that the thermal emission in the hard state is intrinsically variable, and is driving the modulation of the higher energy power-law. Interpreting the thermal spectrum as disk emission, we find that our results are consistent with the disk propagation model proposed for accretion onto black holes.
Towards an Integrated Species Distribution Modelling Environment
Authors: Laity Tania
Published: May 2018

The Australian Department of the Environment and Energy (DoEE) is working with the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA), Biodiversity Climate Change Virtual Laboratory (BCCVL) together with 2 state environment departments (New South Wales and Queensland) to develop a standard framework for modelling threatened species distributions for use in policy / environmental decision making.

In addition, DoEE is working with 7 state and territory environment departments to implement a common assessment method (CAM) for the assessment and listing of nationally threatened species. The method is based on the IUCN Red List criteria. Each Australian jurisdiction has traditionally used different assessment method, including categories, criteria, thresholds, definitions and scales of assessment to list threatened species within their jurisdiction. The CAM is a standardised method for species assessed for listing at the national level. Through cross-jurisdictional collaboration, this will improve the efficiency of the assessment process and facilitate consistency across jurisdictional lists.

The BCCVL includes linkages to species observations on the ALA and users are able to add their own data including contextual and species data. The project aims to create a secure environment where cross-jurisdictional collaboration can occur both on the standardisation of methodologies for creating species distributions and the integration of data. The project also aims to provide a secure platform for jurisdictions to contribute sensitive observations not available through the ALA and take into consideration expert feedback on the distribution of species.

The project will provide a public-facing platform whereby SDM’s can be published. This will be searchable by area, species or contributor. All outputs will be scientifically robust, repeatable, maintainable, open and transparent. The increased validity and robustness of models lead to better informed decisions relating to impacts of development and conservation of species.
Establishment of the ARCTOS-GGBN Data Pipeline
Authors: Mayfield Teresa , Campbell Mariel , Hildebrandt Kyndall , Cicero Carla , McDonald Dusty , Cook Joseph , Demboski John
Published: May 2018

Arctos (https://arctosdb.org), an online collection management information system, was developed in 1999 to manage museum specimen data and to make those data publicly available. The portal (arctos.database.museum) now serves data on over 3.5 million cataloged specimens from more than 130 collections throughout North America in an instance at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. Arctos also is a community of museum professionals that collaborates on museum best practices and works together to improve Arctos data richness and functionality for on-line museum data streaming. In 2017, three large Arctos genomics collections at the Museum of Southwestern Biology (MSB), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley (MVZ), and University of Alaska Museum of the North (UAM), received support from GGBN to create a pipeline for publishing data from Arctos to the GGBN portal. Modifications to Arctos included standardization of controlled vocabulary for tissues; changes to the data structure and code tables with regard to permit information, container history, part attributes, and sample quality; implementation of interfaces and protocols for parent-child relationships between tissues, tissue subsamples, and DNA extracts; and coordination with the DWC community to ensure that all GGBN data standards and formatting are included in the standard DWC export in order to finalize the pipeline to GGBN. The addition of these three primary Arctos biorepositories to the GGBN network will add over 750,000 tissue and DNA records representing over 11,000 species and 667 families. These voucher-based archives represent primarily vertebrate taxa, with growing collections of arthropods, endoparasites, and incipient collections of microbiome and environmental samples associated with online media and linked to GenBank and other external databases. The high-quality data in Arctos complement and significantly extend existing GGBN holdings, and the establishment of an Arctos-GGBN pipeline also will facilitate future collaboration between more Arctos collections and GGBN.
La traversée des ambiances
Authors: Gaudin Olivier , Le Calvé Maxime
Published: May 2018

Ambiances et atmosphères : diverses sources historiques et littéraires permettent d’analyser la relation conceptuelle complexe de ces deux notions. Les sciences sociales peuvent étudier les dispositifs et les agencements qui les fabriquent, afin de faire de l’ambiance un concept descriptif fiable et opératoire pour la recherche, et la distinguer de l’atmosphère. L’apport de l’anthropologie montre que mener un travail d’enquête sur les ambiances oblige à les éprouver dans sa chair. Cette introduction ouvre ainsi le questionnement en direction d’une exigeante pluralité des perspectives, illustrée par la diversité des contributions à ce numéro.
Les puissances d’imprégnation de l’ambiance
Authors: Thibaud Jean-Paul
Published: May 2018

Résumé Qu’en est-il de l’aptitude de l’ambiance à infuser les expériences quotidiennes et à atmosphériser les situations de tous les jours ? Que se passe-t‑il quand nous l’abordons à partir de ses influences et de son mode opératoire ? De l’ordre de l’existence moindre, l’ambiance exerce des puissances d’imprégnation. Trois perspectives complémentaires sont explorées qui mettent en avant sa capacité à encadrer des situations, insuffler de la vie et ménager du commun.
L’ambiance comme aura
Authors: Bégout Bruce
Published: May 2018

Résumé Cet article vise à la clarification conceptuelle de la notion d’ambiance, qui, à la suite des travaux de Schmitz, Böhme et Griffero, connaît depuis vingt ans un essor important dans les recherches européennes. L’auteur a choisi de comparer ambiance et aura afin de dégager deux modèles de diffusion atmosphérique d’un sentiment, le radial , où l’ambiance émane d’une source précise, et le médial , où elle se répand dans l’espace sans signaler son origine particulière. L’aura est ainsi explicitée comme une ambiance qui manifeste aussitôt son centre d’émanation et retient toujours quelque chose en elle de l’individualité, qu’elle soit celle d’une personne, d’un objet, d’un lieu, d’un événement, etc.
Les usages des ambiances sonores dans les films de fiction
Authors: Adjiman Rémi
Published: May 2018

Résumé Les ambiances sonores cinématographiques sont relativement récentes si on les situe par rapport à l’arrivée du cinéma sonore. À la faveur des évolutions technologiques et des procédures de travail, elles n’ont pu réellement émerger, dans leur forme actuelle, que durant les années 1980 et les suivantes. À travers les propos et réflexions de nombreux professionnels, cet article propose d’essayer de mieux comprendre la structure et les différents usages de ces ambiances sonores au cinéma.
The Mall. Les nouvelles tonalités du libéralisme en Inde
Authors: Martin Fabienne
Published: May 2018

Résumé Un phénomène en plein essor est apparu récemment en Inde : depuis une dizaine d’années, les métropoles indiennes voient fleurir de nombreux malls –  shopping centres , plazas , emporiums  –, dédiés à la consommation, à la flânerie et au divertissement. À partir d’une ethnographie menée au sein de l’un de ces malls à Jodhpur (Rajasthan) et de la nouvelle manière de consommer qu’il engage dans le contexte indien, l’article s’efforce de montrer comment l’ambiance mise en scène tente d’instaurer un style, voire une nouvelle forme de vie.
Couleurs, sons ; espoirs et chagrins
Authors: Farge Arlette
Published: May 2018

Résumé À Paris, l’atmosphère vive et sensuelle, travailleuse et parfois festive, ne laisse aucun répit au silence. Chroniqueurs et littérateurs en sont très frappés. Mais il ne faut pas oublier que l’intensité des événements qui s’y passent, la présence continue des corps des femmes et des hommes contribuent à donner à la ville des couleurs variées et des grondements incessants où peuvent aussi se lire les relations d’un peuple avec son présent : le xviii e  siècle.
L’épaisseur du présent
Authors: Nahoum-Grappe Véronique
Published: May 2018

Résumé L’épaisseur du présent. Courte réflexion ethno-phénoménologique Dans cet article, l’auteur tente de définir la notion d’atmosphère du point de vue de la temporalité ; en effet, ce n’est que dans l’épaisseur du présent que naît en situation la possibilité de telle ou telle ambiance : l’objet à saisir est fugace, comme l’arôme d’un vin. Par conséquent, une double difficulté épistémologique rend difficile sa description comme sa définition : d’une part cet objet provisoire ne peut être appréhendé que de façon holistique, car il implique trop de strates de significations emmêlées et instables – de l’esthétique au politique – pour pouvoir être restitué ; d’autre part, sa perception collective, le plus souvent non verbale – ce qui ne veut pas dire non consciente –, suppose une compétence collective cognitive spécifique et quasi immédiate d’échange de signaux efficaces au sein d’une même scène sociale.
Diversification des institutions financières et risque systémique : la prise en compte des risques extrêmes
Authors: Duport Noëlle , Fina Éric , Goyeau Daniel
Published: May 2018

Cet article s’intéresse aux effets de la diversification sur le risque systémique, ainsi qu’à ses implications en termes de fonds propres réglementaires dans une optique macroprudentielle. Le risque systémique étudié est celui qui découle d’une exposition commune des établissements bancaires : lorsque ces derniers diversifient leurs activités, les compositions de leur actif convergent, ce qui les rend donc sensibles aux mêmes chocs. Dans ce cadre, l’apport de cet article est triple : premièrement, il analyse l’évolution des fonds propres qui permettrait de compenser l’augmentation du risque d’une crise généralisée ; deuxièmement, il suppose que le rendement de l’actif bancaire suit une loi de Gumbel, ce qui permet de mieux modéliser les risques extrêmes (en particulier sur la queue de distribution gauche) que ne le fait la loi normale ; troisièmement, il analyse l’arbitrage en termes de fonds propres pour risque individuel vs risque systémique résultant de la diversification. Nous pointons ainsi le fait que, dans ce cadre, le régulateur ne peut gérer avec un seul instrument les risques individuel et systémique. En effet, la diversification permet à un établissement bancaire de diminuer son risque individuel et donc, dans une optique microprudentielle, de diminuer son niveau de fonds propres réglementaires. Mais, comme cette stratégie conduit dans le même temps à une augmentation du risque systémique, en vertu de la réglementation macroprudentielle, il devrait en détenir davantage. Les objectifs micro et macroprudentiels peuvent ainsi diverger, et nécessiteraient donc deux instruments de régulation. Classification JEL  : G11, G21, G28.
Quelle est la cible ?
Authors: Guinaudeau Isabelle , Costa Olivier
Published: May 2018

Résumé Pourquoi le pouvoir exécutif présidé par Nicolas Sarkozy a-t-il tenu sa promesse électorale de relever le minimum vieillesse ? Les modèles proposés jusqu’à présent pour analyser le sort des pledges ne permettent pas d’expliquer la réalisation de cet engagement peu saillant, comportant une dimension budgétaire lourde et ne s’inscrivant pas dans les thèmes de prédilection du président. À l’aide de cadres conceptuels issus de l’analyse des politiques publiques distributives et de la sociologie électorale, cet article montre comment le pouvoir exécutif peut convertir des ressources politiques en marges de manœuvre budgétaires. Nous mettons en évidence les conditions qui l’incitent à utiliser cette latitude, en montrant l’influence déterminante des caractéristiques des publics ciblés (en positif et en négatif) par les promesses électorales.
La prise en compte du trauma dans la pratique professionnelle auprès des jeunes étrangers isolés
Authors: Stévenin Frédérique , Touati Anaïs , Guegan Lenaïg
Published: May 2018

Cet article se propose de mettre en lumière les problématiques psychiques et somatiques rencontrées par un groupe de jeunes migrants pris en charge dans un dispositif d’accompagnement. Les enjeux psychiques à l’œuvre dans les parcours traumatiques liés à l’exil nous ont amenés à repenser le cadre de l’accompagnement psychosocial. Déployer des ateliers autour du corps a permis de relancer, chez certains sujets, les investissements psychiques gelés par le parcours d’exil.
Devenir éducateur spécialisé, aujourd’hui par la vae
Authors: Van Aertryck Gilles , Bénard Françoise
Published: May 2018

Après un retour sur l’histoire de l’emploi de personnes précaires et non diplômées dans l’éducation spécialisée, puis sur les tentatives successives de certifier ces personnes, les auteurs présentent les intérêts du dispositif diplômant de validation des acquis de l’expérience. Ils s’interrogent sur l’avenir de ce dispositif exigeant avec la nouvelle réforme en cours du dees .
A Cadaveric Study of the Mean Distance of the Radial Artery During the Approach to the First Carpometacarpal Joint
Authors: Yildirim Baris , Hess Daniel E. , Seamon Jesse B. , Lyons Matthew L. , Dacus A. Rashard
Published: May 2018

Multiple surgical procedures have been described to treat first carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis. Although the superiority of one procedure over the others continues to be a controversial topic, they all approach the trapezium and require careful attention to the surrounding structures. One potential complication is injury to the radial artery, which lies in close proximity to the trapezium and is often encountered during surgical approach. Using cadaveric specimens, the authors dissected to identify and isolate the radial artery as it travels in the forearm, wrist, and hand while being careful not to disturb its native course. The authors then measured the shortest distance interval from the radial artery to the first CMC joint and from the radial artery to the scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal joint. Descriptive statistics were calculated from these measurements and averaged over the various specimens. The mean distance of the radial artery to the closest segment of the volar CMC joint was 11.6±2.5 mm. The mean distance of the radial artery to the closest segment of the volar scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal joint was 1.6±1.8 mm. A precise understanding of nearby anatomy is paramount to a successful surgical treatment for first CMC arthritis and to avoid iatrogenic complications. The authors describe the mean distance from the radial artery to 2 major landmarks used during surgical treatment and provide insight to surgeons who perform these CMC reconstruction procedures to decrease the risk of intraoperative radial artery injury. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(4):e541–e544.]
Wrong-Site Surgery in Pediatric Ophthalmology
Authors: Maloley Lauren , Morgan Linda A. , High Robin , Suh Donny W.
Published: May 2018

Purpose:

To determine the prevalence of pediatric ophthalmologists who have performed wrong-site surgery, propose risk factors leading to these errors, and assess the effectiveness of the Universal Protocol in preventing them.

Methods:

Approximately 1,000 pediatric ophthalmology surgeons were invited to complete an anonymous 10-question survey. Respondents were divided into two groups: those who performed or attempted wrong-site surgery (wrong-site surgery group) and those who had never performed a wrong-site surgery (intended surgical site group). The risk factors (ie, marking procedure, years in practice, surgical experience, adherence to the Universal Protocol time-out, and operating room factors) were compared between groups.

Results:

Of the 156 respondents, 56.4% never performed, 9% attempted, and 34.6% performed a wrong-site surgery. The use of any procedure to mark the eye decreased the likelihood of a wrong-site surgery by 61% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39;
P
= .069). A lower likelihood of error occurred when a single individual led the time-out and multiple individuals participated in checking the accuracy of the time-out. Surgeons in practice for less than 15 years had a lower likelihood of performing a wrong-site surgery (OR = 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19 to 0.72;
P
= .003). Factors not significantly associated with wrong-site surgeries were the number of surgeries performed per year (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.35 to 1.24;
P
= .20) and the number of operating rooms used.

Conclusions:

In concordance with previous reports of other surgical specialties, self-reported error in pediatric ophthalmology is not uncommon. This study highlighted important practices that can be easily adopted by surgeons to decrease the likelihood of wrong-site surgeries. First, marking the surgical site must be part of the preoperative preparation. Second, a single designated individual should lead the time-out and the surgeon should be directly involved in all steps of the time-out process. Third, surgeons who have been in practice for more than 15 years may require additional safeguards to ensure that the correct surgery is performed and to monitor their complacency.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(3):152–158.]
Bilateral Myelinated Retinal Nerve Fibers Associated With Bilateral Vitreous Cysts and Solitary Vasoproliferative Tumor: A New Syndrome
Authors: Muakkassa Nora W. , Schwaber Eric J. , Laver Nora , Duker Jay S.
Published: May 2018

The authors report a case of a 57-year-old male with high myopia, extensive bilateral myelination of the retinal nerve fiber layer, bilateral vitreous cysts, and a solitary vasoproliferative tumor in the right eye. He underwent pars plana vitrectomy and multiple transpupillary thermotherapy treatments for recurrent vitreous hemorrhages and subretinal exudation from the vasoproliferative tumor. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of this constellation of findings and suggests this represents a new syndrome.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:356–359.]
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Pigmented Paravenous Retinochoroidal Atrophy
Authors: Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Giuffrè Chiara , Rabiolo Alessandro , Parodi Maurizio Battaglia , Bandello Francesco
Published: May 2018

A 58-year-old man with bilateral pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy (PPRCA) associated with macular coloboma in the right eye underwent color fundus photography and fundus autofluorescence with the California ultra-widefield retinal imaging system (Optos, Dunfermline, UK), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) (Heidelberg Spectralis HRA + OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), and en face OCT angiography (OCTA) (AngioPlex, Cirrus HD-OCT 5000; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). The patient presented with a visual acuity of counting fingers in the right eye and 20/32 in the left eye. Fundus examination and SD-OCT showed typical PPRCA alterations in both eyes and a macular coloboma in the right eye. The OCTA showed relative sparing of the retinal capillary plexuses, with diffuse defects in the choriocapillaris. The authors concluded OCTA imaging of PPRCA suggests more insights of the pathogenesis of this disease, showing that the disease primarily affects the choroidal vascular network, with a relative sparing of the retinal vasculature.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:381–383.]
El igualitarismo de la suerte, Kant y la injusticia de tolerar la pobreza en el mundo
Authors: Erdozain Asier
Published: May 2018

Este artículo pretende ofrecer una defensa plausible y renovada de los principios morales de la ya familiar corriente de filosofía política ‘igualitarismo de la suerte’, la cual, amparándose no solo en el programa moral kantiano sino también en una serie de intuiciones notablemente arraigadas en nuestros días, goza de una justificación suficientemente sólida como para constituirse en referente ético global, a partir del cual la erradicación de la pobreza sea considerada como un deber moral positivo y, en contraposición, su tolerancia como una clara injusticia. Las tesis presentadas parten de la idea ampliamente aceptada en filosofía moral de que “todas las personas somos iguales en valor moral fundamental”, argumentándose que los principios que rigen la doctrina del igualitarismo de la suerte satisfacen dicha máxima hasta sus últimas consecuencias y conforman una teoría sostenible de justicia que es capaz de superar de forma razonable las críticas más importantes que han mermado su mérito en tiempos recientes.
Observaciones y conjeturas ideológicas en la metodología liberal de Alexis de Tocqueville: el problema de la miseria social
Authors: Sauquillo Julián
Published: May 2018

Alexis de Tocqueville comparte con los pensadores sociales fundadores de la sociología clásica un organicismo típico. A su compartida visión de la sociedad como un cuerpo con órganos le correspondió una visión de la sociología como medicina social. Esta concepción natural de la sociología debiera ser capaz de sanar las peores enfermedades sociales con la contundencia del cirujano. Aquí no se diferencia Tocqueville de sus contemporáneos científicos sociales. El rasgo que le distingue de su ambiente teórico es un individualismo metodológico pionero y en línea con la posterior sociología de Max Weber. Las dos Memorias sobre el pauperismo de Tocqueville trataron de encajar las figuras del trabajador indigente y del miserable dentro de un sistema de control político. Asegurar la “ciudadanía” a ciertos sectores de la población fue compatible con generar cada vez más pobreza social. La estrategia político burguesa de sus fines no menoscaba la grandeza metodológica de Tocqueville como clásico de la sociología.
Realismo noérgico y tragedia intelectual de Zubiri
Authors: Conill Jesús
Published: May 2018

Se presenta una lectura crítica de Zubiri, imprescindible para comprender la actualidad de su pensamiento, porque pone a prueba sus potenciales aportaciones y propone correcciones y prolongaciones creativas en el horizonte contemporáneo de la filosofía, en relación con la fenomenología, la hermenéutica, las neurociencias y el emergentismo. El libro se centra principalmente en la evolución de la filosofía de Zubiri, su metafísica, noología, antropología y la relación entre ciencia y filosofía, pero también en sus graves crisis. Y cabe contextualizarlo relacionándolo con las propuestas actuales de un nuevo realismo, que están ligadas a nuevas formas tanto de ontología como de hermenéutica.
The role of mutated SOD1 gene in synaptic stripping and MHC class I expression following nerve axotomy in ALS murine model
Authors: Kassa Roman M. , Bonafede Roberta , Boschi Federico , Malatesta Manuela , Mariotti Raffaella
Published: May 2018

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motoneuron death. Several cellular pathways have been described to be involved in ALS pathogenesis; however, the involvement of presynaptic stripping and the related MHC class I molecules in mutant SOD1 motoneurons remains to be clarified. To this purpose, we here investigated, for the first time, the motoneurons behavior, di per seand after facial axonal injury, in terms of synaptic stripping and MHC class I expression in wild-type (Wt) mice and in a murine model of ALS, the SOD1(G93A) mice, at the presymptomatic and symptomatic stage of the disease. Concerning Wt animals, we found a reduction in synaptophysin immunoreactivity and an increase of MHC class I molecules in facial motoneurons after axotomy. In uninjured motoneurons of SOD1(G93A) mice, an altered presynaptic framework was evident, and this phenomenon increased during the disease course. The alteration in the presynaptic input is related to excitatory fibers. Moreover, after injury, a further decrease of excitatory input was not associated to an upregulation of MHC class I molecules in motoneuron soma. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the presence of mutated SOD1 protein affects the MHC class I molecules expression, altering the presynaptic input in motoneurons. Nevertheless, a positive MHC class I immunolabeling was evident in glial cells around facial injured motoneurons, underlying an involvement of these cells in synaptic stripping. This study contributes to better understand the involvement of the mutated SOD1 protein in the vulnerability of motoneurons after damage.
Large scale index of multi-partitioned manifolds
Authors: Schick Thomas , Zadeh Mostafa Esfahani
Published: May 2018

Let

M

be a complete n-dimensional Riemannian spin manifold, partitioned by

q

two-sided hypersurfaces which have a compact transverse intersection

N

and which in addition satisfy a certain coarse transversality condition. Let

E

be a Hermitean bundle on

M

with connection. We define a coarse multi-partitioned index of the spin Dirac operator on

M

twisted by

E

.

Our main result is the computation of this multi-partitioned index as the Fredholm index of the Dirac operator on the compact manifold

N

, twisted by the restriction of

E

to

N

.

We establish the following main application: if the scalar curvature of

M

is bounded below by a positive constant everywhere (or even if this happens only on one of the quadrants defined by the partitioning hypersurfaces) then the multi-partitioned index vanishes. Consequently, the multi-partitioned index is an obstruction to uniformly positive scalar curvature on

M

.

The proof of the multi-partitioned index theorem proceeds in two steps: first we establish a strong new localization property of the multi-partitioned index which is the main novelty of this note. This we establish even when we twist with an arbitrary Hilbert

A

-module bundle

E

(for an auxiliary

C^*

-algebra

A

). This allows to reduce to the case where

M

is the product of

N

with Euclidean space of dimension

q

. For this special case, standard methods for the explicit calculation of the index in this product situation can be adapted to obtain the result.
Entre freios e contrapesos: o poder político que sustenta o controle judicial de constitucionalidade
Authors: Lunardi Fabrício Castagna
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo problematizar os discursos jurídicos convencionais acerca do controle judicial de constitucionalidade, e sobre o seu expansionismo no Brasil, perquirindo o que realmente sustenta esse arranjo institucional. A partir disso, pretende-se investigar a atuação do STF como ator político na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte, bem como o poder político e os interesses que dão suporte ao aumento do poder da Corte Constitucional brasileira e ao forte sistema de controle de constitucionalidade adotado no Brasil. Para tanto, a pesquisa se desenvolve com base na opção de uma linha crítico-metodológica, que pretende colocar em xeque os discursos jurídicos sobre o tema, a fim de deslocar o foco para o que realmente sustenta politicamente o judicial review no Brasil. Ao final, conclui-se que o discurso de que o poder do STF em controle de constitucionalidade deriva da Constituição permanece apenas como fundamento místico da sua autoridade, e que investigar o poder político e os interesses que realmente sustentam esse modelo institucional é o primeiro passo para uma discussão mais transparente sobre o modo como vem sendo exercido o controle judicial de constitucionalidade pela Corte Constitucional brasileira.
Science Fiction and the Imitation of the Sacred
Authors: Grigg Richard
Published: May 2018

This book examines science fiction’s relationship to religion and the sacred through the lens of significant books, films, and television shows. It provides a clear account of the larger cultural and philosophical significance of science fiction, and explores its potential sacrality in today’s secular world by analyzing material such as Ray Bradbury’s classic novel The Martian Chronicles, films The Abyss and 2001: A Space Odyssey, and also the Star Trek universe.

Richard Grigg argues that science fiction is born of nostalgia for a truly “Other” reality that is no longer available to us, and that the most accurate way to see the relationship between science fiction and traditional approaches to the sacred is as an imitation of true sacrality; this, he suggests, is the best option in a secular age. He demonstrates this by setting forth five definitions of the sacred and then, in consecutive chapters, investigating particular works of science fiction and showing just how they incarnate those definitions.

Science Fiction and the Imitation of the Sacred also considers the qualifiers that suggest that science fiction can only imitate the sacred, not genuinely replicate it, and assesses the implications of this investigation for our understanding of secularity and science fiction
Introduction
Authors: Goldberg David
Published: May 2018

In a historic 2012 decision, Eastern District Court Judge Nicholas Garaufis ruled that the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) had knowingly and intentionally implemented and maintained racially discriminatory hiring processes throughout its history. The case, United States and Vulcan Society v. City of New York...
The Early Origins of Ethnic Insularity and Racial Exclusion in the New York City Fire Department
Authors: Goldberg David
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses how the FDNY’s cultural of insularity evolved during the 19th Century as the department shifted from volunteerism and became professionalized. The chapter also chronicles how Irish Americans came to dominate the FDNY and used this workplace culture to consolidate and maintain an ethnic niche within the department.
The Bravest of the Brave
Authors: Goldberg David
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores the small number of pioneer Black firefighters that entered the FDNY from 1898 to 1930, as well as how these men survived with dignity despite encountering heinous acts of barbarity and racism in the FDNY.
Free at Last?
Authors: Goldberg David
Published: May 2018

This chapter chronicles the remergence of the Vulcan Society during the late 1990s and early 2000s and charts how the landmark case, U.S. v. City of New York, came to fruition. In particular, the chapter focuses then Vulcan President Paul Washington and the Vulcan Society’s various allies who after decades, helped bring the issue of racial discrimination in the FDNY before the courts. It closes with a discussion of the scope of victory secured through this case, as well as potential areas of struggle in the future.
The Spaces of History
Authors: Rymsza-Pawlowska M. J.
Published: May 2018

Museums of all kinds became more interactive and immersive. In two now exhibits, “Nation of Nations” and “1876,” the National Museum of American History placed viewers inside of historical milieus. Meanwhile, exhibits in Philadelphia and Boston made use of technologies like computers and phone banks to personalize historical understanding and identification. Finally, living history sites like Plimoth Plantation and Colonial Williamsburg placed more emphasis on realism and authenticity in their presentations of the past.
Introduction
Authors: Farmer Ashley D.
Published: May 2018

As readers finished the July 1, 1972, edition of the Black Panther Party’s newspaper, they found a full-length, mixed-media image of a middle-aged black woman on the back page. The woman, dressed in hair rollers, a collared shirt, an apron, and no shoes, stares directly at the viewer, one hand on her hip; the other supports a bag of groceries from the Panthers’ free food program. The woman also prominently displays her button in support of Panther leader Bobby Seale’s mayoral campaign. The caption above contextualizes the woman’s politics and party support: “Yes, I’m against the war in Vietnam, I’m for African Liberation, voter registration and the people’s survival!”...
The African Woman, 1965–1975
Authors: Farmer Ashley D.
Published: May 2018

Chapter 3 explores women who were part of two cultural nationalist groups: the Us Organization and the Congress of African People. Both groups practiced the cultural nationalist philosophy of Kawaida, a doctrine based on an African-centered ideals and practices and that prescribed a marginal role for women in political organizing. Through an analysis of their handbooks, political tracts, and women’s columns, this chapter documents how female cultural nationalists redefined the ideal of the “African Woman” in order to reflect their expansive interpretations of the Kawaida doctrine and their organizing roles. In doing so, it illustrates how Kawaidist women caused leaders and organizers in this faction of the Black Power movement to adopt more equitable conceptualizations of gender roles and black liberation.
The Third World Black Woman, 1970–1979
Authors: Farmer Ashley D.
Published: May 2018

Chapter 5 examines the intersection of Black Power and black feminist politics by charting the development of the Third World Women’s Alliance (TWWA), a Black Power feminist group. It chronicles how members created the political identity of the “Third World Black Woman,” a radical, intersectional model of womanhood based on black women’s real and imagined commonalities with women in and from Third World countries. Using the TWWA’s construction of the Third World Black Woman through members’ editorials, articles, interviews, and artwork in their newspaper, Triple Jeopardy, this chapter reveals how they bolstered Black Power projects, popularized Black Power among black women and other women of color, and formalized black women activists’ long-standing commitment to intersectional theorizing and activism.
Epilogue
Authors: Farmer Ashley D.
Published: May 2018

During the Black Power era, ordinary black women from all walks of life developed critical appraisals of the race, class, and gender constructs that governed their lives. They also advanced new ideas about what life might look like if they escaped the crushing weight of white supremacy. Black domestic workers, members of the Black Panther Party, and Black Power feminists all consistently and collectively imagined a new world and their role within it. Yet historical narratives continue to reinforce the idea that black men were the only ones capable of conjuring up new identities and idealized societies. Or, as scholar-activist Angela Davis put it in an October 2013 speech, we are still unable to “imagine and acknowledge what must have been, among these Black women domestic workers, this amazing collective imagination of a future world without racial and gender and economic oppression.”...
Early Abolitionism and Mixed-Race Migration into Britain, 1762–1778
Authors: Livesay Daniel
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines how the demographic debates over interracial relationships in Jamaica, outlined in Chapter 1, became relevant in Britain in the 1760s and 1770s. The arrival into Britain of enslaved servants from the colonies aroused panic about British family formation, especially after the Somerset decision of 1772, which gave habeas corpus rights to enslaved people in England. But, while British observers grew nervous about the poor and enslaved people of color in their midst, they held relatively little reservations about elite mixed-race Jamaicans who were arriving. This chapter argues that the family standing and high-class position of these migrants of color made them more socially acceptable to Britons, despite a general rising tide of racism.
Lineage and Litigation, 1783–1788
Authors: Livesay Daniel
Published: May 2018

This chapter chronicles the personal and public disputes rankling the British Empire after the American Revolution. It includes a case study of a mixed-race Jamaican family who travelled to England, then to India, and back to England. When they finally settled in Britain, a white cousin sued them for their Jamaican inheritance and used their West and East Indian ties (including connections to Bengal’s discredited governor Warren Hastings) as a way of castigating them as both corrupt and racially impure. This lawsuit demonstrates the ways that family negotiation in Britain grew increasingly racialized in the wake of the imperial storm of the American Revolution and the beginning of popular protests against colonial slavery. At the same time, however, the chapter shows great divergences in mixed-race experiences in Britain as well as the continuation of interracial relationships in Jamaica despite increasing calls against the practice.
Imperial Pressures, 1800–1812
Authors: Livesay Daniel
Published: May 2018

This chapter chronicles the institutional pressures put on mixed-race migrants in the first decade of the nineteenth century. Although families continued to assist relatives of color—which included helping get them into the East India Company to advance their social standing—constricting notions of kinship and political wariness of African-descended people made it challenging for Jamaicans of color to thrive in Britain. Their attempts to assimilate were made more difficult by the growing calls of abolitionists and pro-slavery supporters to curtail interracial relationships in order to create a demographic separation between blacks and whites in the Caribbean. Within this abolitionist debate, Trinidad’s governor Thomas Picton went to court for having tortured a mixed-race girl named Louisa Calderon. Her arrival in Britain prompted a flurry of accusations that she had become pregnant by a Scottish protector, escalating the general public’s concern about mixed-race migrants and their impact on British demography. This chapter contends that by the early nineteenth century, high class standing and genetic connections to prominent Britons were losing their social power for Jamaican migrants of color.
Introduction
Authors: Capó Julio
Published: May 2018

This introduction lays out the major themes and parameters of the book. It delineates the multi-textured meanings of “fairyland”—a term crafted by white urban boosters by the early twentieth century—to a diverse group of people who traveled to and settled in the Greater Miami area from 1890 to 1940. The introduction stresses how migration and immigration, tourism, and trade to and from the Caribbean proved central to shaping the image of Miami as fairyland, a moniker that allowed gender and sexual transgressives to carve out a space for themselves in the nascent city. It emphasizes the significance of Miami’s queer past by situating this research in the existing literature, particularly in the fields of queer, transnational, Caribbean, tourism, and immigration and migration history. This introduction also offers an overview of each chapter and the book’s research methods, methodology, and use of archives.
Bahamians and Miami’s Queer Erotic
Authors: Capó Julio
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores Bahamian migration to Miami during the first few decades of Miami’s municipal history. Analyses of Bahamian migrant experiences at the border, in Miami, and throughout the archipelago show how gendered migration patterns created “bachelor” societies in Miami’s urban frontiers and female-dominated and homosocial spaces in the then-British colony of the Bahamas. While Miami’s white powerbrokers struggled with inadequate infrastructure, a growing population, and ill-defined local economy, they came to rely on the cheap, experienced labor that male Bahamian migrants offered. The chapter argues that the desirability of the black male body and laborer was constructed alongside a distinct queer erotic and white male gaze. The chapter also introduces the economic challenges Bahamians faced back on the archipelago and how these migration patterns broke down household economies and traditional family models. U.S. immigration officials heavily policed single and unaccompanied Bahamian women at the Miami-Caribbean borders, while the borders proved mostly porous for Bahamian men before 1924. Law enforcement, however, heavily policed Bahamian men once they entered Miami. Criminal records indicate, for instance, that they were disproportionately represented in sodomy and crime against nature charges.
Miami as Stage
Authors: Capó Julio
Published: May 2018

This chapter builds on chapter three in taking seriously boosters’ framing of Miami as a fairyland. It pays particular attention to the ways the city was “staged,” both literally and figuratively, in the American imagination. It notes how theatricality, spectacle, and publicity collided in the urban center to help sell the fairyland to outsiders. It explores some of the powerful metaphors used to market the city’s transgressive identity. Race and empire in particular played key roles in marketing the city for tourist consumption, as Miami boosters measured their city’s success against developments in the Caribbean, especially in Cuba. The chapter also explores the ways the literal stage—in both theater and film—located Miami as a site for white leisure and recreation. Underpinned as it was by racist and colonial practices and ideologies, the idea of Miami as a site for pushing the boundaries of gender and sexuality entered the U.S. imagination.