bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Glycaemic Response, Glycaemic Index, and Glycaemic Load of Traditional Palm Sugar (Arenga pinnata) Different from Cane Sugar?: An Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Puspareni Luh Desi , Fauziyah A'immatul , Wardhani Sofia
Published: June 2022

Background: Palm sugar (Arenga pinnata) is believed to benefit people with diabetes mellitus since they believe it has a low glycemic index. However, the total carbohydrates in palm sugar, particularly sucrose, are high. Thus, offering palm sugar to diabetic people still needs further studies.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the glycemic response, glycemic index, and glycemic load of palm sugar compared to cane sugar.Methods: This study used an experimental design. Measurement of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) through the finger-prick capillary blood test method. The main materials in this study were commercial white cane sugar as reference food and traditional palm sugar product of Lebak District, Banten Province, as a test food. Reference food and test food were provided equivalent to 50 g available carbohydrate dissolved in 250 ml mineral water subjected to 5 men and 5 women. The glycemic response was determined by the area under the curve (AUC) of the trapezoid method. The difference in glycemic response between the reference food and the test food was assessed using the independent sample t-test.Results: The peak of the increase in blood glucose occurred at 30 minutes. There was no difference in glycemic response between the reference food and the test food (p-value 0.685). The palm sugar glycemic index was 98.71 and was categorized into the high GI category. Meanwhile, the glycemic load of palm sugar and cane sugar was 11.80 and 12.22, those categorized into the medium GL category.Conclusions: No differences in glycemic response between palm sugar and cane sugar. The glycemic index of palm sugar was considered high and was not significantly different from cane sugar. The glycemic load of palm sugar and cane sugar was classified as moderate due to the small serving size. Using palm sugar less than cane sugar was expected to provide a lower glycemic response, glycemic index, and glycemic load.
WORK FROM HOME APPLICATION AND PROFESSIONALISM ON EMPLOYEE EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Hesmita  , Resty Fenisi , Purwanto Kelik
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The Circular Letter of the Minister of PAN-RB No. 19 of 2020 concerning Adjustment of the Work System of State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in Efforts to Prevent Covid-19 in Government Agencies is intended as a guideline for Government Agencies in carrying out official duties by working at home for Apparatus State Civil Service as an effort to prevent and minimize the spread of Covid-19. This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of implementing Work From Home on the Work Effectiveness of Employees of the Department of Culture, Tourism, Youth and Sports, Dharmasraya Regency. Among other things, the purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of professionalism on the work effectiveness of employees at the Department of Culture, Tourism, Youth and Sports, Dharmasraya Regency.
Methods: This study uses quantitative methods, and the sample in this study is 60 using non-probability sampling technique.
Results: Work From Home has a significant effect in this study on the effectiveness of employees' work, and the Professionalism variable has a significant effect in this study on the effectiveness of employees' work. Work professionalism is based on effective and efficient principles that will improve employee performance.
Conclusion and suggestion: For the Department of Culture, Tourism, Youth and Sports, Dharmasraya Regency needs to continue to improve the professionalism and work effectiveness of employees when doing the work that has been given, both when working from home or when working directly in the office in order to achieve the goals that have been set and that they can be implemented effectively and efficiently.
DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE AND MOTIVATION INTRINSIC ON JOB SATISFACTION AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN MSMEs IN THE CULINARY SECTOR
Authors: Tyofyan Gigih Tegar , Tjahjono Heru Kurnianto , Susanto
Published: June 2022

Introduction: This study aims to determine the effect of distributive justice and intrinsic motivation on job satisfaction and performance.
Methods: This research is quantitative research, the method uses the SEM method, and uses the IBM SPSS AMOS analysis tool. The sample in this study amounted to 140 employees of SMEs in the culinary field at D.I. Yogyakarta.
Results: The results showed that Distributive Justice and Intrinsic Motivation had a positive effect on performance either directly or through the mediation of job satisfaction variables.
Conclusion and suggestion: With a high level of distributive justice and intrinsic motivation, it will improve the performance of MSME employees. However, the effect of distributive justice and intrinsic motivation on performance will be higher through job satisfaction variables.
GAINING PURCHASE INTENTION BY ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH AND BRAND AMBASSADOR
Authors: Pidada Ida Ayu Iswari , Supartyani Ni Wayan
Published: June 2022

Introduction: This study examines the effectiveness of e-WOM and brand ambassador toward purchase intention of Sasa product through the promotion of “Jejak Rasa” web series. The number of millennials, especially in Bali, is a driving factor for the rapid development of digital technology. Almost half of Indonesia's population has implemented the marketing process with digital marketing in their daily lives.
Methods: This study will focus more on electronic word of mouth and brand ambassadors who are used as intermediaries in making purchase intentions of a product. PT. Sasa Inti will be used as an object in this study because the marketing strategy it uses has innovations that seek to continue to grow. In a customer-oriented business industry, creative and innovative marketing processes are very influential in attracting buyers' intentions. Data collection was using accidental sampling technique and tested using multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: Results show electronic word of mouth has a significant positive effect on purchase intention, the brand ambassador has a significant positive effect on purchase intention, also the electronic word of mouth and brand ambassadors together have a significant effect on purchase intentions.
Conclusion and suggestion: Therefore, the study was conducted to provide readers with the understanding of the effect of electronic word of mouth, brand ambassador and purchase intention in Bali. For practitioners, this research is useful in finding out the things that build purchase intention as measured by electronic word of mouth and brand ambassador in PT. Sasa Inti. Thus, other companies can develop their marketing strategy based of the result of this study.
THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS IN GENERATION Z MUSLIM
Authors: Timur Yan Putra , Herianingrum Sri
Published: June 2022

Introduction: This study aims to examine the effect of entrepreneurship education based on the business history of the Prophet Muhammad on the intentions, motivation and knowledge of generation Z Muslims to become entrepreneurs.
Methods: The research approach used in this research is quantitative, using the PLS-SEM method as the evaluation model. Questionnaires were given to 100 respondents from East Java with Generation Z criteria and were Muslim.
Results: The results show that entrepreneurship education based on the business history of the Prophet Muhammad has a positive influence on the intentions and motivation of generation Z Muslims to become entrepreneurs. Likewise, entrepreneurial knowledge has a positive influence on the intentions and motivation of Generation Z Muslims for entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial motivation variables do not positively influence intentions to become entrepreneurs.
Conclusion and suggestion: These results indicate that entrepreneurship education based on the business history of the Prophet Muhammad has very significant potential in efforts to increase the number of entrepreneurs in Indonesia through increasing intention and motivation. The delivery of material can also use digital media and invite endorsers such as scholars or entrepreneurs related to Muslim entrepreneurs who apply Islamic values ​​in their business and are widely known by Generation Z.
The Poetic World of Yang-sim-dang Cho Seong
Authors:   The Research Of The Korean Classic, Cho Yong-ho
Published: June 2022

This study aims to comprehend the poetic world and the historical background of the literature of Cho Seong, a literary scholar in the early Choseon Dynasty from Joongjong to Myeongjong. Before the full-fledged study, I created a framework to categorize his poems according to motive by using the motive for writing the poetry and the subject matter that was key to embodying the subject of the poetry as the reference line for the compartment. Based on this reference line, I created four categories as follows. Type A: The motive of delivery prevails, and the subject matter is about human beings. Type B: The motive of delivery prevails, and the subject matter is about material phenomena. Type C: The motive of expression prevails, and the subject matter is about human beings. Type D: The motive of expression prevails, and the subject matter is about material phenomena. All four categories involved each type, and the poet expressed his intention and emotion similarly in the poems assigned to each. In Type A, poems mainly showed the intention to encourage the recipient to be diligent and wakeful. In Type B, the sentiment of aspiring to intimacy and companionship with the recipient was the main focus. In Type C, the poet's voice was prominent in expressing his hardships and anguish. In Type D, the assurance of self-sufficiency and prudence formed the principal emotion. In his poetry, Cho Seong faithfully represented the reflective human figure living in personal suffering and unhappy times. This aspect was deeply applicable to him, as despite being afflicted with several diseases throughout his life, he devoted his life to academic exploration and student education. Besides producing typical literary works, he wrote poems that were unconventional in terms of form, content, and theme due to his extraordinary personal and historical condition. In particular, epistolary poetry was a disparate and specific style that stands out in his literature. Simply by creating this form, he made a significant contribution to Korean literature.
Electroneurography abnormality in Parkinson’s disease: a potential biomarker to help diagnosis
Authors: Hu Yiying
Published: June 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, pathologically characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although various biomarkers and imaging criteria for PD have been established, objective and reliable evaluation methods are still lacking. Electroneurography, as an objective measurement of evoked compound muscle action potentials, is used to assess the integrity of the peripheral nerve and is important in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PD with neuromuscular injury. Moreover, it provides references for the evaluation and quantification of the motor function in PD. Here, we summarize recent advances in clinical research of electroneurography in PD, including the peripheral nerve conduction velocity, needle electromyography, surface electromyography, and motion unit number estimation. The potential values of electroneurography in PD diagnosis are also involved.
Development of a certified reference material intended to control measurement results accuracy of petroleum products in water and its application for proficiency testing of laboratories through interlaboratory comparative tests
Authors: Goryaeva L. I. , Shchukina E. P.
Published: June 2022

The article considers the notion of oil content as a measurable indicator and provides information on the procedures for measuring the content of petroleum products by IR spectrometry in natural water, drinking water, and treated wastewater. Certified reference materials (CRMs) for petroleum products with certified characteristics of the mass or mass concentration of petroleum products in the matrix were registered in the system of metrological support of measurements. The content of polar petroleum products in the raw material was not taken into account when establishing the certified values of these CRMs; this leads to a significant difference between a certified characteristic of CRMs and the determined indicator of measurement procedures based on the IR spectrometry method. In contrast to CRMs with a certified characteristic in the form of the total content of petroleum products, there was a need to develop CRM for determining the mass concentration of only non-polar and low-polar petroleum products by the IR spectrometry method.Information about the stages of CRM development is presented: selection and preparation of material, investigation of material stability. The results of CRM certification for certified indicators in the range of 0.05–2.00 mg/dm3 are presented. The correctness of these results was confirmed in accredited laboratories by interlaboratory comparative tests.The CRM of mass concentration of non-polar petroleum products in a polar organic solvent GSO 11733–2021 was approved. The metrological characteristics of the CRM were established: the range of permissible certified values is 0.1–3.0 mg/cm3, the permissible relative expanded uncertainty of the certified value for k=2 5 %. The traceability to SI units of the certified CRM value is insured.It has been confirmed that the developed GSO 11733–2021 is intended to control the accuracy of the measurement results of the mass concentration of non-polar petroleum products in drinking water, natural surface water, and treated wastewater using IR spectrometry and can be used for attestation of procedures for measuring the mass concentration of non-polar petroleum products in water by IR spectrometry. The scope of the CRM is environmental protection, quality control of drinking water, natural surface water, and treated wastewater.
Evaluation on the coupling coordination of economic development and ecological environment carrying capacity: Case study in Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Yi Lu , Zheng Minggui , Liu Zhigang
Published: June 2022

Exploring the relationship between economic development and ecological environment is the inevitable requirement of regional sustainable development. We used an improved entropy method and a coupling coordinated model to assess the comprehensive evaluation index and the coupling coordination degree of economic development and ecological environmental carrying capacity of Jiangxi Province, from 2011 to 2019. Taking 2011 and 2019 as time nodes, this paper analyzed the spatial pattern evolution characteristics of 11 cities in Jiangxi Province. The results showed that: 1) Coordinated development degree presents a growth trend from 2011 to 2019, while the type of coordinated development is constantly shifting to a higher level; 2) the status of coordinated development in 11 prefecture-level cities has generally changed from low and primary to middle and high-level coordination; and 3) the spatial distribution characteristics showed that the coordinated development level in the northern and southern region were higher than the central region, and inter-regional differences gradually narrowed.
A New Transgenic Tool to Study the Ret Signaling Pathway in the Enteric Nervous System
Authors: Bandla Ashoka , Melancon Ellie , Taylor Charlotte , Eisen Judith S , Ganz Julia
Published: June 2022

The receptor tyrosine kinase Ret plays a critical role in regulating enteric nervous system (ENS) development. Ret is important for proliferation, migration, and survival of enteric progenitor cells (EPCs). Ret also promotes neuronal fate, but its role during neuronal differentiation and in the adult ENS is less well understood. Inactivating RET mutations are associated with ENS diseases, e.g. Hirschsprung Disease, in which distal bowel lacks ENS cells. Zebrafish is an established model system for studying ENS development and modeling human ENS diseases. One advantage of the zebrafish model system is that their embryos are transparent allowing visualization of developmental phenotypes in live animals. However, we lack tools to monitor Ret expression in live zebrafish. Here, we developed a new BAC transgenic line that expresses GFP under the ret promoter. We find that EPCs and the majority of ENS neurons express ret:GFP during ENS development. In the adult ENS, GFP+ neurons are equally present in female and male. In homozygous mutants of ret and sox10 – another important ENS developmental regulator gene – GFP+ ENS cells are absent. In summary, we characterize a ret:GFP transgenic line as a new tool to visualize and study the Ret signaling pathway from early development through adulthood.
Convolutional Neural Network Techniques for Brain Tumor Classification (from 2015 to 2021): Review, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Xie Yuting , Zaccagna Fulvio , Rundo Leonardo , Testa Claudia , Agati Raffaele , Lodi Raffaele , Manners David Neil , Tonon Caterina
Published: June 2022

Deep learning has shown remarkable results in every field, especially in the biomedical field, due to its ability to exploit large-scale datasets. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a widely used deep learning approach to solve medical imaging problems. Over the past few years, many studies have focused on CNN-based techniques for brain tumor diagnosis. There are, however, still some critical challenges that CNNs face towards clinic application. This study presents a comprehensive review of current literature that involves CNN architectures for brain tumor classification. We compare the key achievements in the performance evaluation metrics of the applied classification algorithms. In addition, this review assesses the clinical effectiveness of the included studies to elaborate on the limitations and directions of this area for future work. No review focusing on the clinical effectiveness of previous works in this field has been published. We believe that this study has the potential to elevate the application of CNN-based deep learning methods in clinical practice and also can be a quick reference for biomedical researchers who are interested in this field.
Neurodegeneration following Neurotrauma: Understanding Secondary Contributors
Authors: Dodd William , Panther Eric , Pierre Kevin , Hernandez Jairo , Patel Devan , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: June 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating event with severe long-term complications. TBI and its sequelae are one of the leading causes of death and disability in those under 50 years old. The full extent of secondary brain injury is still being intensely investigated; however, it is now clear that neurotrauma can incite chronic neurodegenerative processes. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Parkinson’s disease, and many other neurodegenerative syndromes have all been associated with a history of traumatic brain injury. The complex nature of these pathologies can make clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment challenging. The goal of this review is to provide a concise appraisal of the literature with focus on emerging strategies to improve clinical outcomes. First, we review the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of neurotrauma-related neurodegeneration and discuss the clinical implications of this rapidly evolving field. Next, because clinical evaluation and neuroimaging are essential to the diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative diseases, we analyze the clinical investigations that are transforming these areas of research. Finally, we briefly review some of the preclinical therapies that have shown the most promise in improving outcomes after neurotrauma.
Deuterium Content of the Organic Compounds in Food Has an Impact on Tumor Growth in Mice
Authors: Somlyai Gábor , Nagy Lajos I. , Puskás László G. , Papp András , Kovács Beáta Zs. , Fórizs István , Czuppon György , Somlyai Ildikó
Published: June 2022

Research with deuterium-depleted water (DDW) in the last two decades proved that deuterium/hydrogen ratio has a key role in cell cycle regulation and cellular metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate the possible effect of deuterium-depleted organic compounds (DDOC) alone and in combination with DDW on cancer growth in two in vivo mouse models. To produce DDOC, drinking water of laying hens was replaced with DDW (25 ppm) for 6 weeks, resulting in 60 ppm D level in dried egg yolk that was used as deuterium-depleted food additive. In one model, 4T1, a cell line with high metastatic capacity to the lung, was inoculated in the mice’s mammary pad. After three weeks of treatment with DDW and/or DDOC, the tumor volume in the lungs was smaller in all treated groups vs. controls with natural D level. Tumor growth and survival in mice transplanted with MCF-7 breast cancer cell line showed that the anticancer effect of DDW was enhanced by food containing the deuterium-depleted yolk. The study confirmed the importance of D/H ratio not only in consumed water but also in metabolic water produced by the mitochondria while oxidizing nutrient molecules. This is in line with the concept that initiation of cell growth requires the cells to generate a higher D/H ratio, but DDW, DDOC, or the naturally low-D lipids in a ketogenic diet, have significant effect on tumor growth by preventing the cells from raising D/H ratio to the threshold.
Heat Transfer Equipment for Space Shuttle Orbiter, Its Main Engine (Aerojet Rocketdyne RS 25), Thermal (Passive and Active), Environmental Control and Life Support System
Authors: Rafique Muhammad Musaddique Ali
Published: June 2022

Space shuttle has been a hall mark of American space program since its inception. Despite its temporary shutdown few years ago, with the recent interest in space exploration which includes revitalizing human outpost in microgravity and transportation required to build it, realize other experiments (e.g. in space telescopes, in space manufacturing) and interplanetary voyages, it has regained attention. Its superior design, manufacturing, materials, performance, durability, and efficiency place it among the best, in fact, the only effort by mankind to build a reusable craft horizontally, launch vertically like a rocket and fly back like a plane. Various requirements emerge during its design (thermal, fluid, acoustics, vibration and structural) and design of its main engine (Aerojet Rocketdyne RS 25) which requires considerable attention, heat transfer being most important. This facilitated and necessitated use of various types of heat exchangers such as single coil, heat pipe, built in internal heat exchanger (IHEX), external heat exchanger (EHEX), condensing heat exchanger (CHEX), Interface heat exchangers (InHEX), regenerative heat exchanger (RHEX) and compact heat exchangers (CoHEX), change, manipulate and optimize their configurations in piping and instrumentation diagrams (PIDs). In this short narrative, an effort has been made to summarize them, and their developments over time with a focus on the application, design, manufacturing, materials, and performance (in service and final operation).
Microbial Pattern and Sensitivity Analysis of Otitis Externa Patients in Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Tobing Joy , Djamin Riskiana , Rahardjo Sutji Pratiwi
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Globally, the cases of otitis externa were increased, followed by the incidence of antimicrobial resistance. Several factors, such as untrained medical health personnel and unprescribed antibiotics, are thought to play a major role in this phenomenon. This study aims to determine the bacterial patterns and antimicrobial sensitivity in otitis externa patients in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to February 2021 at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo and Health Laboratory Center, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. There were in total 33 subjects with otitis externa participating in this study. The secretion from the outer ear canal was taken and cultured using Mac Conkey agar for bacteriological examination and Vitek 2 for antimicrobial sensitivity. This study assessed age, sex, and type of otitis externa. All data analyses used SPSS version 26.00 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York). Bacteria patterns and otitis externa were analyzed using the Fisher test. Results: Fourteen cases (42.4%) were caused by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Most Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, and meropenem. Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus capitis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Aerobic bacteria in otitis externa were sensitive to antimicrobials (p<0.023). Conclusion: Gram-negative aerobic bacteria were common causes of otitis externa, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most common isolated bacteria. Ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, and meropenem were sensitive antimicrobials for otitis externa.
The Relationship between Neutrophil on Lymphocyte Ratio with Clinical Stage of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Kurnia Nur Fadhila , Punagi Abdul Qadar
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The general objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes and the clinical stage in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. While the specific goal is to know the characteristics of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Knowing the description of peripheral neutrophil levels in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Knowing the description of peripheral lymphocyte levels in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Knowing the picture of NLR at the clinical stage of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods:The target population in this study were all patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The affordable population is all patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who are undergoing treatment at. RSUP. Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo for the period July 2018 to July 2019.. Results: Based on statistical analysis of the data, this study did not find a significant relationship between the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and the clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P = 0.252), even after correcting for sex. Statistical tests were used to see whether or not there was a relationship. between these two variables is the Kruskal-Wallis test, which was chosen because it is a non-parametric comparative test for variables with more than two categories.
Conclusions: Based on statistical analysis of the data, this study did not find a significant relationship between the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and the clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P = 0.252), even after correcting for sex.
Survivability Rates Based on Molecular Subtype, Stage and Metastasis of 36 months cohort in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Wijayanto Adi , Pieter John S. L. A. , Prihantono P. , Syamsu Salman Ardy , Thaufix Nilam Smaradhania , Abdi Amirullah
Published: June 2022

Introduction:  Breast cancer treatment is carried out at the early stage of the disease, and a comprehensive assessment of the subtype, stage, and incidence of metastases is required. This study aims to determine breast cancer patients' overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) based on subtype, stage, and incidence of metastases. Methods:  An observational analytic study with a retrospective cohort design was performed on eligible breast cancer patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from 2016 to 2019. Univariate analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier survival log-rank method (Mantel-Cox), were used to determine differences in survivability rates (OS and DFS) based on subtype, stage, and incidence of metastases. Results:   A total of 172 breast cancer patients from 32 years to 84 years with a mean age of 53.5 years. The most subtypes were Luminal A (34.9%) patients, and the least was Luminal B (15.7%) patients. A total of 85 (49.4%) patients survived during these three years, while 87 (50.6%) died. Based on the results of statistical tests in this study, there were no significant differences between the subtypes with DFS and OS, but on the contrary, there was a significant difference between the stage and incidence of metastases with OS and DFS (p<0.05). Conclusions:  There were no statistically significant differences between the subtypes with OS and DFS. This study showed a significant difference between the stage and incidence of metastases with OS and DFS
A Review of Empirical Algorithms for the Detection and Quantification of Harmful Algal Blooms Using Satellite-Borne Remote Sensing
Authors: Johansen Richard A. , Saltus Christina L. , Reif Molly K. , Pokrzywinski Kaytee L.
Published: June 2022

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) continue to be a global concern, especially since predicting bloom events including the intensity, extent, and geographic location, remain difficult. However, remote sensing platforms are useful tools for monitoring HABs across space and time. The main objective of this review was to explore the scientific literature to develop a near-comprehensive list of spectrally derived empirical algorithms for satellite imagers commonly utilized for the detection and quantification HABs and water quality indicators. This review identified the 29 WorldView-2 MSI algorithms, 25 Sentinel-2 MSI algorithms, 32 Landsat-8 OLI algorithms, 9 MODIS algorithms, and 64 MERIS/Sentinel-3 OLCI algorithms. This review also revealed most empirical-based algorithms fell into one of the following general formulas: two-band difference algorithm (2BDA), three-band difference algorithm (3BDA), normalized-difference chlorophyll index (NDCI), or the cyanobacterial index (CI). New empirical algorithm development appears to be constrained, at least in part, due to the limited number of HAB-associated spectral features detectable in currently operational imagers. However, these algorithms provide a foundation for future algorithm development as new sensors, technologies, and platforms emerge.
Alcance local y global de la virtualidad para la formación posgradual en bilingüismo: estudio de necesidades de la Universidad Santo Tomás
Authors: Araque-Torres Diana Margarita , Rodríguez Sandra Milena
Published: June 2022

El artículo presenta un estudio de necesidades realizado en el periodo 2018-2020, cuyo objetivo se enfocó en el análisis de la pertinencia para la formación posgradual en bilingüismo a través de un programa virtual. El diseño metodológico se fundamentó en un enfoque cualitativo con un abordaje sistemático de indagación y un marco interpretativo, mediante la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas y encuestas con los participantes del estudio. Los resultados obtenidos a partir del análisis permitieron establecer necesidades en relación con el bilingüismo, principalmente la de ampliar la perspectiva educativa en torno a este campo de formación, de tal manera que, mediante los programas educativos, se promueva el valor, la equidad lingüística y el reconocimiento de la diversidad sociocultural de las comunidades educativas. Esto también evidencia la pertinencia de generar programas y mecanismos que, a través del desarrollo educativo, promuevan oportunidades de acceso para el desarrollo profesional y posgradual, pues se identifica a la virtualidad como una modalidad que posibilita la interacción entre comunidades socioculturalmente diversas; que supera los límites de los espacios físicos educativos y trasciende la diversidad humana, lingüística y social. Desde estas posibilidades, es posible posicionar el bilingüismo a través de una perspectiva amplia e incluyente, mediante la formación posgradual, no solo para Colombia sino hacia otros países de Latinoamérica y el mundo.
Study protocol for a pragmatic cluster RCT on the effect and cost-effectiveness of Everyday Life Rehabilitation versus treatment as usual for persons with severe psychiatric disability living in sheltered or supported housing facilities
Authors: Lindström Maria , Lindholm Lars , Liv Per
Published: June 2022

Background
People with severe psychiatric disabilities and impaired autonomy generally lead sedentary, solitary lives indoors and have significantly poorer health than others in the population. Meaningful everyday activities are important for the recovery towards an enrichening, agentic, social, and hopeful everyday life. The Everyday Life Rehabilitation (ELR) model – a person-centred activity- and recovery-oriented intervention – has shown positive outcomes in feasibility studies, and thus a randomised controlled trial (RCT) is required to establish the effectiveness of ELR, along with calculations of cost-effectiveness.
Methods
The ELR-RCT is a pragmatic, two-parallel-armed cluster RCT evaluating the effect and cost-effectiveness of using ELR from two measurement points over 6 months (pre-post intervention) and in two waves over 2 years. The primary outcome is recovering quality of life (ReQoL) at 6 months, and the secondary outcome is self-perceived recovery and daily functioning (RAS-DS) at 6 months. Additionally, Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) will be used for the intervention group. Power analysis has been conducted for primary outcome measure. The first wave will include an internal pilot, to be evaluated after 6 months, used as basis for decisions on updating the required sample size and any other need for adaptations before continuing with the full-scale RCT in the second wave. All municipalities within a geographic distance of 270 kilometres from Umeå University, with a minimum of one sheltered or supported housing facility for people with severe psychiatric or neuropsychiatric disability, including access to occupational therapy, will be enrolled. Participants will be block-randomised to receive ELR plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone for a control period. The control group will thereafter receive delayed ELR. Occupational therapists and housing staff will receive an educational package, manuals, and tools, as well as reflections with colleagues during the intervention period. Housing managers will receive questions for monthly follow-up and coaching with staff.
Discussion
The pragmatic approach responds partly to the complex intervention, complex context, complex problems of participants, and complex research environment that is currently under study, and partly to an ambition that the research should contribute to usefulness in similar contexts.
Trial registration:
NCT05056415 [ClinicalTrials.gov, 24 September 2021]
Mercury in soil, sediment, and lake water in upland headwater catchments in Ireland
Authors: Nelson Sarah A.M. , Hintelmann Holger , Aherne Julian
Published: June 2022

Mercury concentrations in the atmosphere, surface waters, and soils have increased beyond natural levels as a result of human activities, which poses a risk to human and environmental health. Ireland is situated on the western periphery of Europe, and it is generally assumed that environmental mercury is low but there is limited information on mercury within natural environments. In this study the interlinkages in the concentration of mercury in soils, lake sediment, and lake water were investigated in remote upland acid-sensitive catchments influenced by low deposition of atmospheric mercury. Thirty-one upland lake catchments were sampled for topsoil, lake sediment, and lake water during 2017–2018. Total mercury (THg) concentrations in water (median 5.4 ng/L) and sediment (median 30 ng/g) were low, owing to the remote location of the lakes. In contrast, THg in catchment soil was relatively high for a background region (median: 240 ng/g), which was attributed to the high organic matter content of the soil (median 87%). The results suggest catchment soils are the dominant driver of variation in THg in lake water and sediment in upland regions in Ireland. Further, given that highly organic soils can obscure interlinkages within catchments, this study demonstrated the value of exploring mercury independent of the influence of organic matter, i.e., THg normalized by organic carbon. As global action (such as the Minamata Convention) decreases mercury emissions, legacy soil mercury may become a more important input to aquatic systems than atmospheric deposition, which makes the relationships between terrestrial catchments and their water bodies vital for our understanding of mercury cycling.
Psychometric properties of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) in Iranian adolescents
Authors: Afrashteh Majid Yousefi , janjani parisa
Published: June 2022

Background: Psychological tests are necessary to assess and assess the mental state of individuals. Mental health is one of the important psychological indicators and is increasingly considered as having various aspects of well-being. The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) is a 14-item instrument that assesses mental health, focusing on emotional, psychological, and social well-being. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the MHC-SF among adolescents, focusing on its factor structure, internal consistency, construct validity, and gender measurement invariance.Methods: The population of this study was Iranian adolescents between 11 and 18 years old who were enrolled in the seventh to twelfth grades. A convenience sample of 822 Adolescents from four large cities in the Iran (Tehran, Zanjan, Hamedan and Ghazvin) participated in the present study. Questionnaires were completed online. Statistical analyses to evaluate the factor structure, internal consistency, construct validity, gender and age factorial invariance were performed in SPSS and LISREL.Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the 3-factor structure of MHC-SF (emotional, psychological, and social well-being). Reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method and composite reliability (>.7). Measurement invariance were confirmed among girls and boys. Convergent and divergent validity were also evaluated and confirmed by correlating the test score with similar and different tests.Conclusion: This study examined and confirmed the psychometric properties of MHC-SF in the Iranian adolescent community. This instrument can be used in psychological research and diagnostic evaluations.
Millimeter-wave to near-terahertz sensors based on
reversible insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium
dioxide
Authors: Qaderi Fatemeh , Rosca Teodor , Burla Maurizio , Leuthold Jeurg , Flandre Denis , Ionescu Adrian
Published: June 2022

We present uncooled millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and sub-terahertz (THz) detection based on the sensitivity of field-induced insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) threshold voltage in Vanadium dioxide (VO2). We exploit the characteristics of reversible IMT in VO2 thin film devices, and demonstrate actuation of biased VO2 two-terminal switches encapsulated in a pair of coupled antennas on a Si/SiO2 substrate. We also study the behavior of VO2 switches interrupting coplanar waveguide (CPW)s for broadband measurement purposes. Finally, we propose an electromagnetic-wave-sensitive voltage-controlled spike generator based on a VO2 switch in an astable circuit. The fabricated sensors show record figures of merit, e.g. responsivities of 66.3 kHz/mW with a low noise equivalent power (NEP) of 20 nW at room temperature, for a footprint of 2.5 × 10-5 mm2. Our solution gives 3 times better responsivity with only 1/10 footprint of the state of the art which can be scaled down to few hundreds of nanometers. The responsivity in static measurements is 76 kV/W in the same circumstances. Our results highlight the capability of VO2 phase transition for building electromagnetic power sensors triggerable by low energy photons. Our experiments prove the concept within mm-wave ranges (40-220 GHz), while frequency scaling near-THz is feasible in similar design.
Iron Abundance in the Solar Photosphere: The Role of Ions, Non-LTE, Model Atmospheres, Oscillator Strengths, and Free Parameters
Authors: Foxon Floe
Published: June 2022

The photospheric iron abundance is important to understanding solar system formation and evolution, but methodological designs in the literature have produced significantly different abundance estimates. 322 original photospheric iron abundances were extracted from 72 primary publications identified through SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System and Google Scholar. Methodological characteristics corresponding to each abundance estimate were categorised, including the ion studied, local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) assumption, the atmospheric model and its dimensions, the source of oscillator strengths, and microturbulence velocity. A linear mixed-effects regression model was implemented to quantify the role these variables play in abundance estimates. The mean photospheric iron abundance across all sources was 7.44 ± 0.02 dex on the astronomical log scale. On the average, abundance estimates from Fe II lines were 0.106 dex higher than those from Fe I lines (main effect), after controlling for other factors. Compared to LTE estimates, NLTE estimates were higher by 0.096 dex (main effect). The role of LTE was different for neutral and ionised iron analyses. LTE abundance predictions were lower than NLTE predictions for Fe I, but higher than NLTE predictions for Fe II. Other differences are described for various model atmospheres and oscillator strengths. A subgroup analysis of 264 1D and 〈3D〉model abundances suggests every 0.1 km s-1 increase in the microturbulence velocity parameter results in a 0.04 dex decrease in estimated abundance.
Carbohydrate Microcapsules Tailored and Grafted for Covalent Immobilization of Glucose Isomerase for Pharmaceutical and Food Industries
Authors: Hassan Mohamed E. , Awad Ghada E.A. , Eldin Mohamed S. Mohy , Haroun Bakry M. , El-Diwany Ahmed I. , Elnashar Magdy
Published: June 2022

Carrageenan is one of the most common carbohydrates utilised in the entrapment industry to immobilise cells and enzymes. However, it lacks functionality. Carrageenan has been grafted to produce fructose by covalently immobilising glucose isomerase (GI). Fructose is one of the most widely used sweeteners in beverages, food production, and the pharmaceutical business. Up to 91.1 U g-1 gel beads are immobilised by the grafted beads. Immobilized GI has a Vmax of 13.8 times that of the free enzyme. The immovability and tolerance of the gel beads immobilised with GI over 15 consecutive cycles were demonstrated in a reusability test, with 88 percent of the enzyme's original activity retained, compared to 60 percent by other authors. These findings are encouraging for high-fructose corn syrup producers.
Performance Improvement of CDMA Wireless Sensor Networks in Low SNR Channels Based on Raptor Codes
Authors: Mahmoud Ikhlas , ZAGHAR DHAFER , ABDULLAH HADEEL
Published: June 2022

Some kinds of communication systems work in very low signal to noise power ratio (SNR) environments. For these systems to function reliably, certain techniques and methodologies have to be used to mitigate the degrading effects of the channel.The channel coding method is the key element in most low SNR communication systems with emphasis on the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) as a recommended transmission technique in these channels. To enhance the system capacity of the CDMA scheme and reach to unprecedented ranges of low SNR values in systems like the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), this paper suggests a technique for combining CDMA with certain types of channel coding algorithms such as the Raptor codes. The Raptor channel encoding technique has shown an improved performance for the CDMA system when using BPSK digital modulation in AWGNchannels. It has achieved a low bit error rate in the range of 10-6 at Eb/No value of -2 dB and 10-7 at Eb/No value of -3 dB for code rates 1/2 and 1/3 resprctively. The Raptor-coded CDMA scheme showing an improvement of about 6 dB when compared with some other channel coding methods used with the CDMA system for the same BER.
A Compact Size Capacitive Load Dual Band Planar Inverted-F Implant Antenna for Biomedical Services
Authors: Salama Sanaa , Zyoud Duaa , Abuelhaija Ashraf
Published: June 2022

In this work a compact size capacitive load dual band planar inverted-F implant antenna is presented. The suggested antenna is modeled on RO3010 substrate that has a thickness of 2 mm, dielectric constant of 10.2, and tangent loss of 0.0023 to operate at both the Medical Implant Communications Services (MICS) and Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands. A capacitive load is inserted between the patch and the ground plane to get a dual band and compact size implant antenna. The antenna size is 20× 12×2 mm3. The antenna designed in this work operates at 402MHz with a return loss of -23.23dB over a frequency band [397.15-409.4MHz] for MICS band and operates at 2.42GHz with a return loss of -20dB over a frequency band [2.37-3GHz] for ISM band. The simulated gain is -27.52dBi at 402MHz for MICS band and − 1.85dBi at 2.42GHz for ISM band. The proposed antenna has a good performance inside three-layered tissue model. The Computer Simulation Technologies (CST) Microwave studio is used to model and simulate the proposed antenna.
Carrier Time Division Multiplexing
Authors: El-Sayied Mostafa A. , Elhalafawy Said , El-Hag Noha A. , Sharshar Abdelmajeed , abdelsamie fathi
Published: June 2022

Carrier Time Division Multiplexing is a new method that makes a specific bandwidth for a digital modulated signal to virtually appear as a single frequency, this can be approached by time divide the modulated carriers so that each modulated carrier can be independently extracted and demodulated, the application of this concept in a communication system can increase the transmission medium utilization.
A conserved transcriptional signature supports metastatic colonisation of the liver by pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Drew James , Machesky Laura M.
Published: June 2022

Whether pancreatic cancer cells successfully metastasise to the liver depends on complex interactions between cancer cells and the liver microenvironment, the details of which remain largely unknown. In this study, we provide evidence for a transcriptional signature, involving active MYC and repressed interferon response, that supports pancreatic cancer cells in colonising the liver. The “MYC-high/Interferon-low” signature was uncovered by comparing transcriptional profiles of human pancreatic cancer cell lines with their liver metastatic potential in mice. We confirmed the physiological relevance of this signature in two independent patient sample datasets. First, in a 187-sample study of bulk RNA sequencing of primary tumor and metastatic tissue from PDAC patients, we found an enrichment in the MYC-high/Interferon-low signature in liver metastases over primary tumor, that was not present in other metastatic sites. Second, we used a single cell-RNA sequencing dataset combined with validation experiments to show that PDAC cells are the origin of this signature in vivo and that MYC and interferon activity are negatively correlated at the cellular level. This analysis reveals a potential route to therapeutic targeting of the precursor cell populations of deadly liver metastases in pancreatic cancer.