bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
We need a systemic approach to career pathways
Authors: Hamilton Stephen F.
Published: November 2019

Current career pathways initiatives recapitulate in many ways both the issues motivating the school-to-work movement of the 1980s and 1990s and its recommended solutions, notably more work-based learning, especially apprenticeship. But that movement’s energy dissipated in the face of college for all. Nonetheless, some of its achievements and many of its advocates persisted. Stephen Hamilton explains what the current movement can learn from the past while embracing some contemporary developments, including the goal of college and career readiness, the practice of dual enrollment, and reduced reliance on federal leadership.
Washington View: The higher education crisis
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: November 2019

As more students attend college than ever before, higher education remains inequitable, with low-income students and students of color shut out of what many perceive to be top schools. Maria Ferguson discusses what Paul Tough’s new book, The Years That Matter Most, reveals about the college admission process and considers recent efforts to help students from less-privileged backgrounds gain greater access. According to Ferguson, policy solutions, such as the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act or some form of student debt relief, do not appear to be high priorities in Washington.
Career Confidential: Parents won’t explore ADHD diagnosis. Is the teacher right to push it?
Authors: Fagell Phyllis L.
Published: November 2019

Phyllis Fagell offers work advice to teachers, administrators, and other education professionals. In this column, a teacher seeks advice on what to do when parents won’t seek an ADHD diagnosis for a student who shows signs of the condition, and a principal who is frustrated at their job wants help figuring out whether to leave.
Designing Retrospective Measures on Childhood for Older African American Adults
Authors: Greenfield Emily A.
Published: November 2019

A growing body of research addresses the long-term implications of early-life circumstances for adult health and aging by drawing on retrospective reports on childhood. There has been little scholarly discourse on considerations for the design of such questions for members of racial/ethnic minority groups specifically. This article aims to encourage greater attention to this area by presenting insights from the process of designing a childhood history questionnaire within an ongoing study of cognition, health, and aging among older African American adults in greater Newark, New Jersey. The article presents on three overarching themes, including the importance of (a) adopting a resilience orientation with attention to protective factors, (b) being sensitive to concerns about questions on adverse childhood experiences, and (c) orienting to ethnoracially embedded cohort influences. The article concludes by describing the particular importance of cultural humility—with attention to intersectional social positions—among researchers who are engaged in studies on childhood with older adults from underrepresented racial/ethnic groups.
Globally stable velocity estimation using normalized velocity measurement
Authors: Bjørne Elias , Brekke Edmund F , Bryne Torleiv H , Delaune Jeff , Johansen Tor Arne
Published: November 2019

The problem of estimating velocity from a monocular camera and calibrated inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurements is revisited. For the presented setup, it is assumed that normalized velocity measurements are available from the camera. By applying results from nonlinear observer theory, we present velocity estimators with proven global stability under defined conditions, and without the need to observe features from several camera frames. Several nonlinear methods are compared with each other, also against an extended Kalman filter (EKF), where the robustness of the nonlinear methods compared with the EKF are demonstrated in simulations and experiments.
Influence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on serum microRNA expression
Authors: Scettri M. , Seeba H. , Staudacher D. L. , Robinson S. , Stallmann D. , Heger L. A. , Grundmann S. , Duerschmied D. , Bode C. , Wengenmayer T. , Ahrens I. , Hortmann M.
Published: November 2019

Objective

To date, no biomarkers have been established to predict haematological complications and outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of a panel of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are promising biomarkers in many clinical fields, in patients before and after initiating ECMO.

Methods

Serum miRNA levels from 14 patients hospitalized for acute respiratory failure and supported with ECMO in our medical intensive care unit were analysed before and 24 hours after ECMO. In total, 179 serum-enriched miRNAs were profiled by using a real-time PCR panel. For validation, differentially expressed miRNAs were individually quantified with conventional real-time quantitative PCR at 0, 24, and 72 hours.

Results

Under ECMO support, platelet count significantly decreased by 65 × 103/µL (25th percentile = 154.3 × 103/µL; 75th percentile = 33 × 103/µL). Expression of the 179 miRNAs investigated in this study did not change significantly throughout the observational period.

Conclusions

According to our data, the expression of serum miRNAs was not altered by ECMO therapy itself. We conclude that ECMO does not limit the application of miRNAs as specific clinical biomarkers for the patients’ underlying disease.
Ghassan Kanafani’s Returning to Haifa: tracing memory beyond the rubble
Authors: Mohammad Sumaya Alhaj , Meryan Dania
Published: November 2019

This article argues that Ghassan Kanafani in his 1969 work Returning to Haifa portrays a new conception of home as a postcolonial site that transcends the physicality of geography to create a new collective fluid memory. Kanafani’s narrative explores the chasm between the imaginary or utopian territory that exists simply in the memory of the indigenous people, and the real site which exists geographically, and how this makes ethical representation of the traumatised subject virtually impossible/an impossibility. Kanafani’s allegorical journey of Returning to Haifa records the bruised memory of the Palestinian refugees, and reveals a desire to recreate a protean memory for this traumatised people so as to transform them from the state of victimhood to that of resistance. Hence, the three physical sites explored here: body, land and text are opened to the processes of becoming.
Differential Effects of Platelets Selectively Activated by Protease-Activated Receptors on Meniscal Cells
Authors: Xu Hongyao , Zou Xiangjie , Xia Pengcheng , Aboudi Mohammad Ahmad Kamal , Chen Ran , Huang He
Published: November 2019

Background:

Meniscal injury is very common, and injured meniscal tissue has a limited healing ability because of poor vascularity. Platelets contain both pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, which can be released by platelet selective activation.

Hypothesis:

Platelets release a high level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) when they are activated by protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), whereas the platelets release endostatin when they are activated by protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4). The PAR1-treated platelets enhance the proliferation of meniscal cells in vitro and promote in vivo healing of wounded meniscal tissue.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Method:

Platelets were isolated from human blood and activated with different reagents. The released growth factors from the activated platelets were determined by immunostaining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of the platelets with different treatments on meniscal cells were tested by an in vitro model of cell culture and an in vivo model of wounded meniscal healing.

Results:

The results indicated that platelets contained both pro- and antiangiogenic factors including VEGF and endostatin. In unactivated platelets, VEGF and endostatin were contained inside of the platelets. Both VEGF and endostatin were released from the platelets when they were activated by thrombin. However, only VEGF was released from the platelets when they were activated by PAR1, and only endostatin was released from the platelets when they were activated by PAR4. The rat meniscal cells grew much faster in the medium that contained PAR1-activated platelets than in the medium that contained either PAR4-activated platelets or unactivated platelets. The wounds treated with PAR1-activated platelets healed faster than those treated with either PAR4-activated platelets or unactivated platelets. Many blood vessel–like structures were found in the wounded menisci treated with PAR1-activated platelets.

Conclusion:

The PAR1-activated platelets released high levels of VEGF, which increased the proliferation of rat meniscal cells in vitro, enhanced the vascularization of menisci in vivo, and promoted healing of wounded menisci.

Clinical Relevance:

Our results suggested that selective activated platelets can be used clinically to enhance healing of wounded meniscal tissue.
Minimum 10-Year Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating 2 Different Approaches to Full Weightbearing After Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Fallon Michael , Ackland Timothy R. , Janes Gregory C. , Wood David J.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Longer term outcomes after matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) are lacking, while early postoperative weightbearing (WB) management has traditionally been conservative.

Purpose:

To investigate the longer term clinical and radiological outcomes after an 8-week (vs 12-week) WB protocol after MACI.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A randomized study design allocated 70 patients to an 8- (n = 34) or 12-week (n = 36) approach to full WB after MACI of the medial or lateral femoral condyle. Patients were evaluated preoperatively; at 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery; and at 5 and 10 years after surgery. At 10 years (range, 10.5-11.5 years), 60 patients (85.7%; 8 weeks: n = 29; 12 weeks: n = 31) were available for review. Clinical outcomes included patient-reported outcomes, maximal isokinetic knee extensor and flexor strength, and functional hop capacity. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was undertaken to assess the quality and quantity of repair tissue per the MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) system. A combined MRI composite score was also evaluated.

Results:

Clinical and MRI-based scores for the full cohort significantly improved ( P < .05) over the 10-year period. Apart from the Tegner activity score, which improved ( P = .041), as well as tissue structure ( P = .030), which deteriorated, there were no further statistically significant changes ( P > .05) from 5 to 10 years. There were no 10-year differences between the 2 WB rehabilitation groups. At 10 years, 81.5% and 82.8% of patients in the 8- and 12-week groups, respectively, demonstrated good-excellent tissue infill. Graft failure was observed on MRI at 10 years in 7 patients overall, which included 4 located on 10-year MRI (8 weeks: n = 1; 12 weeks: n = 3) and a further 3 patients (8 weeks: n = 1; 12 weeks: n = 2) not included in the current analysis who proceeded to total knee arthroplasty. At 10 years, 93.3% of patients were satisfied with MACI for relieving their pain, with 83.3% satisfied with their ability to participate in sport.

Conclusion:

MACI provided high satisfaction levels and tissue durability beyond 10 years. The outcomes of this randomized trial demonstrate a safe 8-week WB rehabilitation protocol without jeopardizing longer term outcomes.
High Prevalence of Connective Tissue Gene Variants in Professional Ballet
Authors: Vera Angelina M. , Peterson Leif E. , Dong David , Haghshenas Varan , Yetter Thomas R. , Delgado Domenica A. , McCulloch Patrick C. , Varner Kevin E. , Harris Joshua D.
Published: November 2019

Background:

There is a high prevalence of hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) in dancers. While there is no known genetic variant for HSD, hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a genetic disorder that exists within HSD. There are many connective tissue disorders (CTDs) with known (and unknown) genes associated with hypermobility. Hypermobility has distinct advantages for participation in flexibility sports, including ballet.

Purpose:

To determine the prevalence of gene variants associated with hypermobility in a large professional ballet company.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional investigation, 51 professional male and female dancers from a large metropolitan ballet company were eligible and offered participation after an oral and written informed consent process. Whole blood was obtained from peripheral venipuncture, and DNA was isolated. Isolated DNA was subsequently enriched for the coding exons of 60 genes associated with CTD that included hypermobility as a phenotype, including Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, osteogenesis imperfecta, Marfan syndrome, and others. Genes were targeted with hybrid capture technology. Prepared DNA libraries were then sequenced with next-generation sequencing technology. Genetic database search tools (Human Gene Mutation Database and e!Ensembl, http://useast.ensembl.org/ ) were used to query specific variants. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

Results:

Of 51 dancers, 32 (63%) agreed to participate in DNA analysis (mean ± SD age, 24.3 ± 4.4 years; 18 men, 14 women). Twenty-eight dancers had at least 1 variant in the 60 genes tested, for an 88% prevalence. A total of 80 variants were found. A variant in 26 of the 60 genes was found in at least 1 dancer. Among the 28 dancers with variants, 16 were found in the TTN gene; 10 in ZNF469; 5 in RYR1; 4 in COL12A1; 3 in ABCC6 and COL6A2; 2 in ADAMTS2, CBS, COL1A2, COL6A3, SLC2A10, TNC, and TNXB; and 1 in ATP6V0A2, B4GALT7, BMP1, COL11A1, COL5A2, COL6A1, DSE, FBN1, FBN2, NOTCH1, PRDM5, SMAD3, and TGFBR1. Nine variants found in this population have never been reported. No identified variant was identical to any other variant. No identified variant was known to be disease causing. In the general population, the prevalence of each variant ranges from never reported to 0.33%. In the study population, the prevalence of each variant was 3.13%. There was no association between hypermobility scores and genetic variants.

Conclusion:

Genetic variants in CTD-associated genes are highly prevalent (88%) in professional ballet dancers. This may significantly account for the high degree of motion in this population.
Acetabular Morphologic Characteristics Predict Early Conversion to Arthroplasty After Isolated Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Giordano Brian D. , Kuhns Benjamin D. , Perets Itay , Yuen Leslie , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Hip arthroscopy in the setting of dysplasia and borderline dysplasia is controversial. Dysplasia severity is most often defined by the lateral center edge angle (LCEA) but can also be evaluated radiographically by the acetabular inclination (AI).

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to determine the effect of AI on outcomes after isolated hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). We hypothesized that patients with dysplasia would have higher rates of arthroplasty as well as inferior clinical and functional outcomes compared with patients who did not have dysplasia.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A hip arthroscopy registry was reviewed for participants undergoing arthroscopic correction of FAI from February 28, 2008, to June 10, 2013. Participants required a clinical diagnosis and isolated arthroscopic correction of FAI with preoperative imaging and intraoperative cartilage status recorded. AI dysplasia was defined as an AI greater than 10°, LCEA dysplasia as LCEA less than 18°, and borderline LCEA dysplasia as LCEA 18° to 25°. Patients without an acetabular deformity (LCEA 25°-40°; AI <10°) served as a control population. Postoperative variables included patient-reported outcome surveys with conversion to arthroplasty as the primary endpoint. Minimum 5-year outcome scores were obtained for 337 of 419 patients (80.4%) with an average follow-up of 75.2 ± 12.7 months.

Results:

This study included 419 patients: 9 (2%) with LCEA dysplasia, 42 (10%) with AI dysplasia, and 51 (12%) with borderline dysplasia. The AI but not LCEA was significantly correlated with lower outcome scores on the modified Harris Hip Score ( r = 0.13; P = .01), Non-Arthritic Hip Score ( r = 0.10; P = .04), and Hip Outcome Score–Sports Subscale ( r = 0.11; P = .04). A total of 58 patients (14%) underwent arthroplasty at 31 ± 20 months postoperatively. Patients with LCEA dysplasia had an arthroplasty rate of 56% (odds ratio, 8.4), whereas patients with AI dysplasia had an arthroplasty rate of 31% (odds ratio, 3.3), which was significantly greater than the rate for the nondysplastic cohort (13.5%; P < .0001). Patients with borderline LCEA dysplasia did not have increased rates of arthroplasty. A multivariate analysis found increasing age, increasing AI, Tönnis grade higher than 1, and femoral Outerbridge grade higher than 2 to be most predictive of conversion to arthroplasty.

Conclusion:

We found that an elevated AI, along with increasing age, Tönnis grade, and femoral Outerbridge grade significantly predict early conversion to arthroplasty after isolated hip arthroscopy. We recommend using the AI, in addition to the LCEA, in evaluating hip dysplasia before hip arthroscopy.
Bilateral renal cell carcinoma of the native kidneys in a 16-year-old boy: Report of a rare case and review of the literature
Authors: Geramizadeh Bita , Keshavarz Pedram , Kashkooe Ali , Ariafar Ali , Salehipour Mehdi
Published: November 2019

Bilateral renal cell carcinoma is rare and most commonly occurs in patients with background of hereditary and genetic diseases. Occurrence of bilateral renal cell carcinoma in native kidneys of a renal transplant patient is even more uncommon, and less than 10 cases have been reported in the English literature. Herein, we report our experience with the youngest renal transplant patient ever reported with bilateral renal cell carcinoma, who presented with intractable urinary tract infection. We also will review all of the reported cases of bilateral renal cell carcinoma in the last 20 years in the English literature according to the presentations, treatment modalities, prognosis, and graft outcome.
Insights into organic waste management practices followed by dairy farmers of Ludhiana District, Punjab: Policy challenges and solutions
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Tiwari Rupasi , Joshi Pragya , Dutt Triveni
Published: November 2019

The study was conducted in Ludhiana District of Punjab (India) to understand the organic waste management practices followed by dairy farmers of the area. To investigate the practices pertaining to organic waste management, an ex-post facto research design was used and a total of 80 dairy farmers were selected randomly for the study, grouped as small and large dairy farmers. Results revealed that the majority of the farmers were using paddy straw as animal bedding followed by in situ burning. As far as paddy stubbles were concerned, most of the farmers were mulching them followed by in situ burning. All farmers were found to be using wheat straw as livestock feed and mulching wheat stubbles. For household waste, the majority of the farmers were found to be feeding kitchen waste to their livestock, preparing farmyard manure from garden waste and paper waste. For dairy waste management, all the farmers were preparing farmyard manure from dung and discarding livestock urine in drains. A little more than half of the farmers were producing biogas from the dairy waste. The majority of the dairy farmers of the research area were found to have low organic waste utilization scores. Relational analysis was carried out and social participation and knowledge level were found to be highly significant ( p < 0.01) with a positive effect on the organic waste utilization score. Therefore, the study was concluded with the impression that the knowledge level of the farmers needs to be enhanced for better and effective utilization of organic waste.
Sexual and Relationship Violence Prevention and Response: What Drives the Commuter Campus Student Experience?
Authors: Casey Erin A. , Hampson Sarah Cote , Ackerman Alissa R.
Published: November 2019

This exploratory study brings together two lines of inquiry on (a) college campus-based responses to sexual and intimate partner violence among students, and (b) the characteristics, experiences, and challenges unique to commuter students and commuter institutions of higher education. Using qualitative analysis of 14 in-depth interviews with campus personnel and focus groups with a total of 71 students on three commuter campuses in the Pacific Northwest, we offer a detailed description of the experiences and characteristics of commuter students as they pertain to sexual and relationship violence programming and prevention, the associated nature of commuter campus communities, and the resulting lack of visibility of the issue of sexual and relationship violence on commuter campuses. We conclude that creative, tailored approaches to prevention and response services on commuter campuses are needed to address the unique circumstances and challenges facing commuter campus students.
Video games noise exposure in teenagers and young adults
Authors: Iannace Gino , Ciaburro Giuseppe , Trematerra Amelia
Published: November 2019

Many teenagers’ free time is almost entirely devoted to video games. Unlike reality, in the virtual environment, adolescents feel themselves as protagonists by interacting with people and objects that are very far from the current living environments. Several authors in the literature have highlighted the risks associated with an intensive use of these technologies and the negative consequences for health. To make the gaming experience as exciting as possible, these applications are equipped with sound environments that stimulate attention and aggression. This study describes the noise exposure measurement activities for video game users. The damage caused by noise depends on both the acoustic power and the exposure time. For this reason, different noise exposure scenarios produced by video games have been simulated. The results show that the daily levels of exposure to noise are close to the limits imposed by the legislation. A game exceeds the lower exposure limit for two different time exposures. In the case of 4 h of exposure, the lower exposure limit is exceeded, although the other 4 h of rest have been passed in an environment with low background noise (46.0 dBA). The results suggest limiting the set sound level appropriately and to reduce users’ exposure times.
A glass ceiling on poverty reduction? An empirical investigation into the structural constraints on minimum income protections
Authors: Cantillon Bea , Parolin Zachary , Collado Diego
Published: November 2019

This article investigates whether declining or sluggish growth in earnings for low-wage workers contributes to declining levels of minimum income protections. Starting from the observation of lacklustre growth in minimum income protections, this article introduces a framework to conceptualize the tensions facing modern welfare states in their attempt to (1) provide poverty-alleviating minimum incomes, (2) achieve employment growth and (3) keep spending levels in check. We argue that, due to downward pressure on low gross wages compared to median household incomes, it has become more difficult to balance each of those three objectives. Estimation results from country-year panel data suggest that declines in minimum wages (or low gross wages) are associated with declines in minimum income protections for the jobless. When growth in minimum income protections does exceed growth in low gross wages, we find that welfare states also increase gross-to-net effort to subsidize the net income of low-wage earners. We argue that these findings point towards a ‘structural inadequacy’ around minimum income protections for the jobless.
Family policies and family life course complexity across 20th-century Europe
Authors: Van Winkle Zachary
Published: November 2019

The family policy landscape changed dramatically across and within European societies during the 20th century. At the same time, family life courses have become more complex, unstable and unpredictable. However, there are no empirical studies that attempt to link changes in family policies with increasing family life course complexity. In this study, I address two research questions: (1) What is the association between family policies and family life course complexity? and (2) Do these associations vary by the life course stage at which individuals experience family policies? Retrospective data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe are used to construct the family life courses of individuals from the age of 15 to 50, born between 1924 and 1956, from 15 European countries. I use metrics developed in sequence analysis that incorporate life course transitions and unpredictability to measure the complexity of family formation. Annual policy information from 1924 to 2008 for each country are combined to generate cohort indices for three policy dimensions: familization, individualization and liberalization. These cohort metrics express the policy experiences of individuals over the course of their lives, rather than at a specific historical time point. I find that while familization is associated with less complex life courses, individualization is related to higher levels of complexity. Furthermore, my results indicate that the levels individualization experienced early and later in the life course are linked most strongly with complexity. I conclude that family policy reforms may partially account for increasing life course instability and unpredictability across Europe.
Random forests for homogeneous and non-homogeneous Poisson processes with excess zeros
Authors: Mathlouthi Walid , Larocque Denis , Fredette Marc
Published: November 2019

We propose a general hurdle methodology to model a response from a homogeneous or a non-homogeneous Poisson process with excess zeros, based on two forests. The first forest in the two parts model is used to estimate the probability of having a zero. The second forest is used to estimate the Poisson parameter(s), using only the observations with at least one event. To build the trees in the second forest, we propose specialized splitting criteria derived from the zero truncated homogeneous and non-homogeneous Poisson likelihood. The particular case of a homogeneous process is investigated in details to stress out the advantages of the proposed method over the existing ones. Simulation studies show that the proposed methods perform well in hurdle (zero-altered) and zero-inflated settings, for both homogeneous and non-homogeneous processes. We illustrate the use of the new method with real data on the demand for medical care by the elderly.
Lucien Bailly (1871–1940): An eccentric troublemaker and a real precursor. A short story of shareholders’ activism in France at the beginning of the twentieth century
Authors: Fournès Christine
Published: November 2019

The article highlights the role of an eccentric troublemaker at the beginning of the twentieth century – Lucien Bailly. The Pont-à-Mousson company’s archives, one of the major joint stock companies in the mining industry at that time, provide a wealth of information about this very interesting character. It is argued that Lucien Bailly paved the way for present-day activism. While the nature of shareholder-activists is far different today, there is a similar dichotomy between private and public or cooperative and hostile actions. This is the true legacy of Lucien Bailly. He was also the pioneer of proxy fights with the creation of the first association defending minority shareholders and the precursor of social activism.
Ethnic Minority Youths’ Encounters With Private Security Guards: Unwelcome in the City Space
Authors: Saarikkomäki Elsa , Alvesalo-Kuusi Anne
Published: November 2019

An increasing amount of literature is suggesting that ethnic minorities perceive their relations with the police as negative and procedurally unjust. There is, however, a distinctive lack of research on the relations between ethnic minorities and private security agents. This study uses the qualitative interviews of 30 ethnic minority youths living in Finland to explore their interactions with security guards. The findings suggest that perceptions of discrimination, suspicion, being moved on, and exclusion from city space were common. The study advances the theorizations of the changes in policing and procedural justice and incorporates these into the discussions on policing the city space. It argues that net-widening of policing means that city spaces are becoming more unwelcoming for ethnic minority youths in particular, limiting their opportunities to use city spaces.
Violent Victimization, Fear of Crime, and Experiences of Criminal Justice Processes Among Security Personnel in Finland: Evidence From Survey Data
Authors: Paasonen Jyri , Aaltonen Mikko
Published: November 2019

Security personnel are among the occupation groups with the highest risk of workplace violence, but the latest Finnish estimates on the prevalence of violence are based on data collected 15 years ago, after which the sector and its regulation have evolved considerably. The aim of this article is to present results from a recent survey of security personnel conducted in early 2018. In addition to presenting new estimates on the 12-month prevalence of violent victimization and fear of crime, and the factors associated with them, we examine experiences of criminal justice processes. The results show high rates of victimization among security personnel, with a particularly high risk among doormen and guards working in hospitals and health care centers. More than half of the respondents have appeared in court as witnesses. We discuss these results in the light of recent legal reforms and research evidence based on administrative data.
Citizen Satisfaction With Private Police in Russia: Does Satisfaction With Public Police Matter?
Authors: Gurinskaya Anna , Nalla Mahesh K.
Published: November 2019

In this study, we assess citizens’ satisfaction with private security guards (PSGs) and whether contact experience and their assessment about the guards’ competence in their work and procedural fairness in their interactions influence their satisfaction. We also examine whether their general satisfaction with public police mediates the factors that influence their satisfaction with PSGs. Results from a sample of 364 respondents from the city of St. Petersburg show that citizens come in contact with private police in large numbers as they do with public police. Findings suggest that citizens’ judgments of effectiveness and procedural fairness of private police appear to be the strongest predictors of citizens’ satisfaction with PSGs. In addition, respondents’ satisfaction with private police on various dimensions of professionalism, effectiveness, and procedural fairness of PSGs is partially mediated by citizen satisfaction with public police, a finding that does not hold for those who had contact with PSGs. We discuss implications in light of strengthening training protocols by incorporating procedural justice issues to highlight citizen-guard interactions, as well as to enhance self-legitimacy of guards.
Comparing Telephone Counseling With Reminding to Promote On-Time Repeated Mammography: A Randomized Trial in a Cohort With 4 Years Follow-Up
Authors: Costanza Mary E. , Luckmann Roger , Frisard Christine , White Mary Jo , Cranos Caroline
Published: November 2019

Background. Long-term continuous adherence to biennial screening mammograms as guidelines recommend remains low. Limited evidence suggests that reminder calls may increase short-term adherence as much as telephone counseling, but research is needed comparing the long-term effects of these two approaches. Purpose. To compare the impacts of two telephone outreach interventions and mailed reminders on 4-year continuous mammography adherence. Method. A cohort of 3,215 women, age 50 to 81 years, was selected from 30,160 women from a 4-year randomized trial of three interventions to promote biennial mammography: reminder letter only (LO), letter plus reminder call (RC), and two letters plus educational material and a counseling call (CC). Women selected remained eligible for the trial all 4 years and received annual interventions as needed. The proportion with a mammogram in the last 24 months was determined at baseline and four annual time points. Results. Continuous adherence at all four time points was higher in the RC (78.8%) and CC arms (78.8%) than in the LO arm (75.1%; p < .001). Multivariable analysis confirmed this finding: CC (odds ratio = 1.27; 95% confidence interval = [1.01, 1.61]) and RC (odds ratio = 1.23; 95% confidence interval = [0.98, 1.56]). Only 27.8% of women eligible for an initial counseling call actually received counseling. Conclusions. Compared with letters alone, outreach calls can modestly increase continuous mammography adherence among insured women with consistent primary care. Telephone counseling was no more effective than a reminder call, possibly due to limited acceptance of counseling calls by women who may find them unwelcome or unnecessary.
Ultra-low-dose (boom-boom) radiotherapy for choroidal lymphoma in three consecutive cases
Authors: Yang Xiaolu , Dalvin Lauren A , Lim Li-Anne S , Mashayekhi Arman , Shields Jerry A , Shields Carol L
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

To describe the outcome of ultra-low-dose (boom-boom) radiotherapy for choroidal lymphoma.

Methods:

Retrospective series of three consecutive patients with biopsy-proven choroidal lymphoma treated with ultra-low-dose radiotherapy.

Results:

The three patients (two male, one female) of mean age 70 years (range, 64–74 years) demonstrated presenting visual acuity in the affected eye between 20/40 and 20/50. The choroidal lymphoma was unilateral in all cases and presented with multifocal yellow patchy choroidal infiltration, located in all four quadrants and measuring mean 2.9 mm (range, 1.9–4.0 mm) in thickness by ultrasonography. Anterior epibulbar extension of 5 mm diameter was noted in one case. By enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography, the choroidal infiltration demonstrated classic undulating appearance (n = 3), with subretinal fluid (n = 2) and intraretinal edema (n = 1). There was no systemic lymphoma in any case. Biopsy was performed in all three cases and was diagnostic (n = 1) or suggestive (n = 2) of B-cell lymphoma. Management involved ultra-low-dose radiotherapy (4 Gy delivered in two fractions, “boom-boom”). On follow-up (mean = 14 months, range = 6–24 months), complete tumor regression on ophthalmoscopy was documented in all three cases, with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography and ultrasonography demonstrating evidence of lymphoma resolution and visual acuity improvement to 20/25–20/40. There were no radiation complications.

Conclusion:

In this small case series, ultra-low-dose (boom-boom) radiotherapy was effective for choroidal lymphoma with favorable response and minimal side effects.
Digitalization and the future of Management Learning: New technology as an enabler of historical, practice-oriented, and critical perspectives in management research and learning
Authors: Laurell Christofer , Sandström Christian , Eriksson Klas , Nykvist Rasmus
Published: November 2019

How are historical, practice-oriented, and critical research perspectives in management affected by digitalization? In this article, we describe and discuss how two digital research approaches can be applied and how they may influence the future directions of management scholarship and education: Social Media Analytics and digital archives. Our empirical illustrations suggest that digitalization generates productivity improvements for scholars, making it possible to undertake research that was previously too laborious. It also enables researchers to pay closer attention to detail while still being able to abstract and generalize. We therefore argue that digitalization contributes to a historical turn in management, that practice-oriented research can be conducted with less effort and improved quality and that micro-level data in the form of digital archives and online contents make it easier to adopt critical perspectives.
Proximity tourism and cultural amenities: Evidence from a regional museum card
Authors: Bertacchini Enrico , Nuccio Massimiliano , Durio Alessandra
Published: November 2019

Although cultural tourism has generated extensive literature, it has often overlooked proximity tourism practices and the determinants of visits to near-home cultural amenities, often located in rural destinations with lower market appeal. This article investigates visiting behaviors and characteristics of intra-regional flows from urban settings toward museums and heritage sites located in surrounding areas. We use a unique transactional data set of about 76,000 subscribers to a regional museum card in Piedmont (Italy) to analyze visiting patterns in the 2011–2014 period from the city of Turin to out-of-town cultural institutions. Our empirical analysis shows that being male, having lower socioeconomic status, visiting home-based museums, and loyalty to the card program are the most relevant factors explaining propensity to out-of-town visits. At the same time, a clear polarization of visits between a limited number of cultural attractors and the tail of minor heritage sites suggests that differences in museum characteristics can generate distinct motivations for visits to the two types of cultural institutions. From a policy perspective, although a definitive evaluation of the effect of the museum card on proximity tourism cannot be undertaken, findings suggest that bundle of minor attractions and major urban museums can generate indirect network advantages, foster cultivation of taste, and eventually stimulate both the demand for regional destinations and the development of original cultural programs.
Underreporting of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis in the Region of Southern Denmark
Authors: Thrane Frederik D. , Andersen Peter H. , Johansen Isik S. , Holden Inge K.
Published: November 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a notifiable disease in Denmark. Underreporting leads to underestimation of the disease burden and may impede disease control. To date, no other published studies have examined underreporting of TB in the Danish setting. Method: Records of patients in the Region of Southern Denmark diagnosed with TB from 2009 to 2014 in the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) were linked to the national notification database. Medical records of non-notified patients were reviewed, followed by statistical comparison of demographic and medical parameters with notified TB patients in the region. Results: In the study period, 28.9% ( n=30) of clinically diagnosed, culture-negative TB cases were not notified, corresponding to an overall TB underreporting rate of 7.5%. Non-notified patients had fewer co-morbidities and were less likely to have had previous TB episodes. Incidentally, we found a high number (71.1%) of erroneous TB diagnoses in the DNPR. Conclusions: Accurate data based on notification is essential to understand possible needs for preventive actions in the population. Our study demonstrates the existence of underreporting of culture-negative TB cases in the Region of Southern Denmark.
‘Imagined futures’ in the navigation and management of uncertainty for young women in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: France Alan , Pukepuke Tepora , Cowie Lucy , Mayeda David , Chetty Marilyn
Published: November 2019

Uncertainty and insecurity in the labour market for young women have increased dramatically. Globally, notions of ‘precariousness’, ‘flexibility’ and ‘gig working’ have grown and the idea of secure permanent work and ‘career building’ is seen as a thing of the past. Simultaneously, and not unconnected, we have also seen the ‘massification’ of higher education where more young women than ever are entering university aiming to improve their situation in the labour market. But how, in these uncertain times, are they imagining their futures? What is influencing their planning and what are their motivations? These questions were explored with a diverse group of young women (n = 26) who were third-year students at a university in Aotearoa New Zealand. The analysis of their interviews draws on the work of Pierre Bourdieu and findings highlight the need to recognise the important relationships between their past, the present and their imagined futures.
Penal controls and social controls: Toward a theory of American penal exceptionalism
Authors: Garland David
Published: November 2019

This article argues that to explain American penal exceptionalism, we have to consider America’s exceptional levels of punishment together with America’s exceptional levels of violence and disorder, while understanding both of these as outcomes of America’s distinctive political economy. After specifying the multiple respects in which American penality is a comparative outlier, the article develops a new theorization of modes of penal action that reveals the extent to which the US has come to rely on penal controls rather than other kinds of punishment. This over-reliance on penal controls is viewed as an adaptation to the weakness of non-penal social controls in American communities. These social control deficits are, in turn, attributed to America’s ultra-liberal political economy, which is seen as having detrimental effects for the functioning of families and communities, tending to reduce the effectiveness of informal social controls and to generate high levels of neighborhood disorganization and violence. The same political economy limits the capacity of government to respond to these structurally generated problems using the social policy interventions characteristic of more fully developed welfare states. The result is a marked bias toward the use of penal controls.
Context, comparison, and the other: On Chad Alan Goldberg’s Modernity and the Jews in Western Social Thought
Authors: Gerteis Joseph
Published: November 2019

Goldberg’s Modernity and the Jews in Western Social Thought examines the central place of Jews within foundational social theory in Germany, France, and the United States. In this essay, I provide my take on Goldberg’s argument and provide some notes of appreciation for the better purchase it provided me on several authors’ positions. I also raise three interrelated points of discussion and critique, related to the relative weight given to the twin themes of modernity and belonging that framed social theorists’ understanding of Jews, the question of why it was Jews and not other groups in this central role, and the degree to which comparison to other groups is possible. I argue that giving more central place to the issue of solidarity helps to illuminate the dilemmas Jews were seen to raise, while also highlighting how Goldberg’s theoretical framework can help modern theorists to understand the position of other groups.
Fostering Holistic Hand Therapy: Emergent Themes of Client Experiences of Mind–Body Interventions
Authors: Takata Sandy C. , Hardison Mark E. , Roll Shawn C.
Published: November 2019

Mind–body interventions are a viable holistic approach to rehabilitation; however, evidence for mind–body approaches in hand therapy is lacking. This study explored the experiences of clients with musculoskeletal disorders undergoing two mind–body interventions within hand therapy. Qualitative data were obtained from clients who received mindfulness meditation and sonographic biofeedback as part of hand therapy. Semi-structured interviews conducted after four therapy sessions elicited participants’ experiences and acceptability. Emergent themes were identified through an iterative, qualitative descriptive process. The following three themes emerged as results: insight on the body, relaxation and relief, and I am in control. A fourth theme was identified in the acceptability data, that is, mindfulness as a meaningful activity. At least one of the interventions was acceptable to each participant. Positive participant experiences support further consideration of mind–body interventions as a useful holistic approach in hand therapy to support wellness, quality of care, and participation in recovery.
On integer linear programming formulations of a patrol boat scheduling problem with complete coverage requirements
Authors: Chircop Paul A , Surendonk Timothy J
Published: November 2019

The Patrol Boat Scheduling Problem with Complete Coverage (PBSPCC) is concerned with finding a minimum size patrol boat fleet to provide continuous coverage at a set of maritime patrol regions, ensuring that there is at least one vessel on station in each patrol region at any given time. This requirement is complicated by the necessity for patrol vessels to be replenished on a regular basis in order to carry out patrol operations indefinitely. In this paper, we establish a number of important theoretical results for the PBSPCC. In particular, we establish a set of conditions under which an alternative objective function (minimize the total time not spent on patrol) can be used to derive a minimum size fleet. Preliminary results suggest that the new theoretical insights can be used as part of an acceleration strategy to improve the column generation runtime performance.
Modeling and refactoring the indigo patterns
Authors: Tao Chen , Lu Jialiang , Su Miao , Hong Xinghua
Published: November 2019

For purpose of reconstruction and innovation of indigo patterns, this study explores modeling, reconstruction, and assembling of the pattern elements by means of mathematics. A model for indigo pattern elements is proposed based on cardinal splines, in which the rigidity of shape is conveyed by the tension coefficient, and the concavity and variety by configuration of the knots. The generalized version of this model is capable of covering any complex element. The contour tracing technique is employed to extract pattern elements from the image, and the closest model instance is selected in virtue of invariance of the improved Hu moments. The selected instances are transformed with respect to the geometric center, the coverage, and the coincidence to match the pattern elements in the image so as to reconstruct the whole pattern. The element filters are conducted on the reconstructed patterns to modify the elements and produce new innovative patterns of constant skeleton. The model is borrowed serving as a skeleton in element assembling. The skeleton properties are investigated to provide basis for skeleton embodiment in which these properties are involved into establishing the placement determiner and element determiner so as to carry out the assembling of elements. Also discussed is the extended skeleton which goes beyond the model and brings about variety and flexibility to element assembling. It is turned out that reconstruction with the model well implements a mathematical copy of the pattern, and the assembling of elements by skeletons provides rich possibilities to innovation of indigo patterns.