bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composition-spread epitaxial ferroelectric thin films for temperature-insensitive functional devices
Authors: Xiong Pei-Yu , Ni Zhuang , Lin Ze-Feng , Bai Xin-Bo , Liu Tian-Xiang , Zhang Xiang-Yu , Yuan Jie , Wang Xu , Shi Jing , Jin Kui ,   School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China,   Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Published: March 2023

BaxSr1–xTiO3 (BST) ferroelectric thin films are widely used in microwave tunable devices due to their high dielectric constants, strong electric field tunabilities and low microwave losses. However, because of the temperature dependence of dielectric constant in ferroelectric material, the high-tunability for conventional single component ferroelectric thin film can only be achieved in the vicinity of Curie Temperature (TC) which leads the ferroelectric thin films to be difficult to operate in a wide temperature range. To obtain ferroelectric thin films for temperature stable functional devices, single composition Ba0.2Sr0.8TiO3 thin films, Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films, and Ba0.2Sr0.8TiO3/Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 heterostructure thin films are deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). By comparing their dielectric properties in a wide temperature range, it is found that the temperature sensitivity of BST film can be effectively reduced by introducing a composition gradient along the epitaxial direction. However, the heterostructure engineering may bring extra troubles caused by interfaces, which may limit the quality factor Q. In this paper, we extend our combinatorial film deposition technique to ferroelectric materials, and we successfully fabricate in-plane composition-spread Ba1–xSrxTiO3 thin films, which are expected to broaden the phase transition temperature ranges of BST films while avoiding the problem of interface control.
Osteonecrosis of the Tarsal Navicular: Not Always Spontaneous!
Authors: Ferjani Hanene Lassoued , Boussaa Hiba , Maatallah Kaouther , Triki Wafa , Nessib Dorra Ben , Kaffel Dhia , Hamdi Wafa
Published: March 2023

Background: Mueller-Weiss disease, a rare and complex foot condition, is defined as spontaneous and progressive navicular fragmentation leading to midfoot pain and deformity. However, its exact etiopathogenesis remains unclear. We report a case series of tarsal navicular osteonecrosis to describe the clinical and imaging characteristics and etiologic profile of the disease.

Methods: This retrospective study included five women diagnosed as having tarsal navicular osteonecrosis. The following data were extracted from medical records: age, comorbidities, alcohol and tobacco consumption, history of trauma, clinical presentation, imaging modalities performed, treatment protocol, and outcomes.

Results: Five women with a mean age of 51.4 years (range, 39–68 years) were enrolled in the study. Mechanical pain and deformity over the dorsum of the midfoot was the main clinical presentation. Rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and spondyloarthritis were reported by three patients. Radiographs revealed bilateral distribution in one patient. Three patients underwent computed tomography. It showed a fragmentation of the navicular bone in two cases.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in one patient showing flattening of the lateral aspect of the navicular bone with signal abnormalities. Talonaviculocuneiform arthrodesis was performed in all of the patients.

Conclusions: Mueller-Weiss disease–like changes may occur in patients with an underlying inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis.
Eccrine Poroma: A Case Report
Authors: Kloberdanz Katherine R. , Olenech Chris M. , Saleh Husain A.
Published: March 2023

Eccrine poroma is a benign adnexal neoplasm often mistaken for pyogenic granuloma, skin tag, squamous cell carcinoma, and other soft-tissue tumors. We describe a 69-year-old woman with a soft-tissue mass on the lateral aspect of her right hallux that was initially clinically diagnosed as a pyogenic granuloma. Histologic examination proved that this mass was instead an eccrine poroma, the rare benign sweat gland tumor. This case exemplifies the importance of a broad differential diagnosis, especially regarding soft-tissue masses of the lower extremity.
Staged Revision Arthrodesis with Interposition of Tricortical Iliac Crest Autograft to Address an Infected Nonunion of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint: A Case Report
Authors: Saccomanno Rosario , Bitterman Adam D.
Published: March 2023

A 55-year-old woman with a complicated infected nonunion after first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis is presented. The patient initially underwent cross-screw fixation for the treatment of hallux rigidus that resulted in joint infection and hardware loosening. A staged surgical approach was undertaken by means of initial hardware removal with implementation of an antibiotic cement spacer followed by revision arthrodesis with interposition of tricortical iliac crest autograft. This case report aims to highlight an accepted surgical approach to address an infected nonunion at the level of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.
Temporal analysis and opinion dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination tweets using diverse feature engineering techniques
Authors: Ahmed Shoaib , Khan Dost Muhammad , Sadiq Saima , Umer Muhammad , Shahzad Faisal , Mahmood Khalid , Mohsen Hebah , Ashraf Imran
Published: March 2023

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has also triggered a tsunami of news, instructions, and precautionary measures related to the disease on social media platforms. Despite the considerable support on social media, a large number of fake propaganda and conspiracies are also circulated. People also reacted to COVID-19 vaccination on social media and expressed their opinions, perceptions, and conceptions. The present research work aims to explore the opinion dynamics of the general public about COVID-19 vaccination to help the administration authorities to devise policies to increase vaccination acceptance. For this purpose, a framework is proposed to perform sentiment analysis of COVID-19 vaccination-related tweets. The influence of term frequency-inverse document frequency, bag of words (BoW), Word2Vec, and combination of TF-IDF and BoW are explored with classifiers including random forest, gradient boosting machine, extra tree classifier (ETC), logistic regression, Naïve Bayes, stochastic gradient descent, multilayer perceptron, convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), long short-term memory (LSTM), and recurrent neural network (RNN). Results reveal that ETC outperforms using BoW with a 92% of accuracy and is the most suitable approach for sentiment analysis of COVID-19-related tweets. Opinion dynamics show that sentiments in favor of vaccination have increased over time.
A multitask model for realtime fish detection and segmentation based on YOLOv5
Authors: Liu QinLi , Gong Xinyao , Li Jiao , Wang Hongjie , Liu Ran , Liu Dan , Zhou Ruoran , Xie Tianyu , Fu Ruijie , Duan Xuliang
Published: March 2023

The accuracy of fish farming and real-time monitoring are essential to the development of “intelligent” fish farming. Although the existing instance segmentation networks (such as Maskrcnn) can detect and segment the fish, most of them are not effective in real-time monitoring. In order to improve the accuracy of fish image segmentation and promote the accurate and intelligent development of fish farming industry, this article uses YOLOv5 as the backbone network and object detection branch, combined with semantic segmentation head for real-time fish detection and segmentation. The experiments show that the object detection precision can reach 95.4% and the semantic segmentation accuracy can reach 98.5% with the algorithm structure proposed in this article, based on the golden crucian carp dataset, and 116.6 FPS can be achieved on RTX3060. On the publicly available dataset PASCAL VOC 2007, the object detection precision is 73.8%, the semantic segmentation accuracy is 84.3%, and the speed is up to 120 FPS on RTX3060.
Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in detached kiwifruit leaves at different environmental conditions
Authors: Deng Siyi , Chang Wei , Que Yawei , Liu Jun , Wang Hua
Published: March 2023

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is the causal agent of kiwifruit canker, a serious threat to commercial kiwifruit production worldwide. Studies of the movement path and the survival time of Psa in the host are crucial for integrated management programs. Hence, we used Psa with GFPuv gene (Psa-GFPuv) strain to investigate the movement path of Psa in leaves and branches, and the survival time of Psa in leaves under different environmental conditions. We found that the pathogen Psa spread longitudinally in the branches and leaves rather than transverse path. Additionally, the survival time of bacteria in fallen leaves under different environmental conditions were simulated by the way of Psa infecting the detached kiwifruit leaves. Psa survives the longest, up to 43 days in detached kiwifruit leaves with high humidity (above 80%) at 5 °C, and up to 32 days with low humidity (20%). At 15 °C, the Psa can survive in detached kiwifruit leaves for 20–30 days with increasing humidity. At 25 °C, it can only survive for 3 days with low humidity (20%) and 15 days with high humidity (above 80%). Furthermore, the population growth experiments showed that bacterial growth of Psa was more favorable in detached kiwifruit leaves with above 80% humidity at 5 °C. These results suggest that the survival condition of Psa in detached kiwifruit leaves is significantly affected by environmental conditions, and provide the basis for the control timing and technology of kiwifruit canker.
Evaluation of Some Okra and Molokhia Landraces under Irrigation Water Salinity Stress
Authors: Rady Hebatulla M. A. , Shama Mostafa A.
Published: March 2023

Aims: Evaluate eight landraces of okra and five landraces of molokhia, collected from different region of Egypt, under different levels of irrigation water salinity.

Study Design: The experimental design used was a split-plot in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates, where the four irrigation water salinity concentrations were arranged in the main plots, whereas, landraces of okra or molokhia were arranged in the sub plots.

Place and Duration of Study: This investigation was carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2021 and 2022 at Soil Salinity Laboratory Research, Alexandria Governorate, Agricultural Research Center.

Methodology: Four levels of saline irrigation water were applied having EC of 625 (tap water as a control), 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm which was applied as necessary according to soil field capacity (27.85%).

Results: Generally, all the studied traits, of okra and molokhia, decreased as the salinity level increased except for the spines of edible pods which was in contrast, in both seasons. There were significant differences among the studied eight landraces of okra and the studied five landraces of molokhia for all the studied traits in both seasons. Edible pods yield/plant of Behera landrace was not significantly affect by irrigation at salinity levels up to 2000 ppm of salinity level in 2022 season. Moreover, Alexandria and Gharbya landraces were the least affected by increasing salinity levels comparing with the rest of landraces in both seasons. With respect to molokhia, Fresh leafy yield/plot of Alexandria landrace was not significantly affected by irrigation at salinity levels up to 2000 ppm of salinity level in the first seasons.

Conclusion: It can be recommended to cultivate Behera, Alexandria and Gharbya  landraces of okra and Alexandria and Kafr Elsheikh landraces of molokhia when irrigation with relatively high levels of salinity, as these landraces were relatively less affected by increasing salinity concentration. These landraces can also be introduced into breeding programs to improve them or develop new varieties that are more salt-tolerant.
Classification and Segmentation of Brain Tumor Using EfficientNet-B7 and U-Net
Authors: Adinegoro Antonius Fajar , Sutapa Gusti Ngurah , Gunawan Anak Agung Ngurah , Anggarani Ni Kadek Nova , Suardana Putu , Kasmawan I. Gde Antha
Published: March 2023

Tumors are caused by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is modality that is widely used to produce highly detailed brain images. In addition, a surgical biopsy of the suspected tissue (tumor) is required to obtain more information about the type of tumor. Biopsy takes 10 to 15 days for laboratory testing. Based on a study conducted by Brady in 2016, errors in radiology practice are common, with an estimated daily error rate of 3-5%. Therefore, using the application of artificial intelligence, is expected to simplify and improve the accuracy of doctor's diagnose.
Cell-free DNA in Embryo Culture Media as Non-invasive Biomarker of the Quality of Embryo Cleavage
Authors: Jamil Malak , Debbarh Hasnae , Jelloul Hasnaa , Kabit Amal , Ennaji Mohamed , Zarqaoui Mohamed , Hissane El Mehdi , Senhaji Wassym , Louanjli Nourredine , Cadi Rachida
Published: March 2023

Background: The success of in vitro-fertilization (IVF) cycles is determined in large part by the quality of embryo cleavage, which in turn, is dependent on the quality of the embryo culture media (CM). Many factors can influence the quality of embryo CM, one of which is the levels of Cell Free Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Understanding the association between Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM and the quality of embryo cleavage could help improve the quality of IVF techniques.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted with 96 spent CM from patients undergoing IVF cycle, in order to determine relationships of Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM with embryo cleavage quality on day 3. After intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 48 embryos were evaluated on day 3 of their development, according to their cell number. Day 2 and day 3 CM corresponding to each one of the embryos was analyzed, by quantitative PCR, for estimation of Cell-free DNA levels.

Results: The results revealed a significant increase in Cell-free DNA levels on day 2 CM corresponding to 4 to 6 cell embryos compared to those corresponding to 7 to 8 cell embryos (p=0.04).  As for day 3 CM, the results showed no significant difference between the Cell-Free DNA levels in CM of 7-8 and those of 4-6 cell embryos (p=0.4). Also, cell free DNA levels in embryo CM, were significantly higher on day 2 compared to day 3 for both 7-8 and 4-6 cell embryos (p=0.03; p=0.04).  

Conclusion: We conclude that cell-free DNA levels in CM might be associated with delayed embryo cleavage.
Personalidades negras
Authors: Costa Robson Pedrosa
Published: March 2023

Resenha de:
GOMES, Flávio dos Santos; LAURIANO, Jaime; SCHWARCZ, Lilia Moritz. Enciclopédia Negra. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2021. 687 p.
Association of Breast Cancer Family History With Breast Density Over Time in Korean Women
Authors: Tran Thi Xuan Mai , Chang Yoosoo , Kim Soyeoun , Song Huiyeon , Ryu Seungho , Park Boyoung
Published: March 2023

Importance

Evidence suggests that women with a family history of breast cancer (FHBC) in first-degree relatives have a higher level of breast density; however, studies of premenopausal women remain limited.

Objective

To investigate the association between FHBC and mammographic breast density and breast density changes among premenopausal women.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used population-based data obtained from the National Health Insurance Service–National Health Information Database of Korea. We included premenopausal women aged 40 to 55 years who underwent mammography for breast cancer screening once between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016 (n = 1 174 214), and women who underwent mammography twice (first in 2015-2016 and again between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018) (n = 838 855).

Exposures

Family history of breast cancer was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire, which included information on FHBC in the mother and/or sister.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Breast density, based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, was categorized as dense (heterogeneously or extremely dense) and nondense (almost entirely fat or scattered fibroglandular areas). Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association among FHBC, breast density, and changes in breast density from the first to second screening. Data analysis was performed from June 1 to September 31, 2022.

Results

Of the 1 174 214 premenopausal women, 34 003 (2.4%; mean [SD] age, 46.3 [3.2] years) reported having FHBC among their first-degree relatives, and 1 140 211 (97.1%; mean [SD] age, 46.3 [3.2] years) reported no FHBC. Odds of having dense breasts was 22% higher (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.22; 95% CI, 1.19-1.26) in women with FHBC than in women without FHBC, and the association varied by affected relatives: mother alone (aOR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10-1.21), sister alone (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.22-1.31), and both mother and sister (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.20-2.25). Among women with fatty breasts at baseline, the odds of developing dense breasts was higher in women with FHBC than in those without FHBC (aOR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.11-1.26), whereas among women with dense breasts, higher odds of having persistently dense breasts were observed in women with FHBC (aOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.16) than in those without FHBC.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of premenopausal Korean women, FHBC was positively associated with an increased incidence of having increased or persistently dense breasts over time. These findings suggest the need for a tailored breast cancer risk assessment for women with FHBC.
Estimated Effectiveness of Prior SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 or BA.2 Infection and Booster Vaccination Against Omicron BA.5 Subvariant Infection
Authors: Jang Eun Jung , Choe Young June , Kim Ryu Kyung , Lee Sangwon , Park Seon Kyeong , Park Young-Joon
Published: March 2023

This case-control study estimates the effectiveness of prior SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 or BA.2 infection and booster vaccination against Omicron BA.5 subvariant infection.
Gradient Elution Chromatography
Authors: Dolan John W. , Snyder Lloyd R.
Published: March 2023

Elution chromatography can be carried out in either isocratic or gradient modes. In isocratic elution, the mobile‐phase composition is held constant during separation of the sample, e.g. 60% v/v acetonitrile–water. In gradient elution, the mobile‐phase composition will be varied during sample separation, e.g. changing from 0% to 100% v/v acetonitrile–water. Gradient elution requires special chromatographic equipment, as well as somewhat greater care on the part of the operator, but it has important advantages for many separations. Thus, in isocratic elution, sample peaks tend to ‘bunch up’ at the beginning of the chromatogram (often with decreased resolution) and to broaden at the end of the chromatogram (with reduced detection sensitivity). Gradient elution, on the other hand, provides a more even spacing of peaks, similar widths throughout the chromatogram, and often a shorter run time. For these and other reasons, gradient elution is preferred for the separation of many samples.
DEA proposes limits on telehealth for buprenorphine
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2023

The public health emergency for COVID‐19 will end in May, and with it all of the exemptions for methadone and buprenorphine. This is partly why the NPRM (Notice of Proposed Rulemaking) for methadone (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33643) came out when it did, codifying many of the flexibilities for methadone that were in the public health emergency and adding to them. A big focus of these flexibilities is on telehealth. It's also why the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) issued its proposed rules this month.
Report suggests stigmatizing views among health providers mar treatment
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: March 2023

A new report suggests that environments that would be expected to be the most compassionate toward people who use drugs or are in recovery can often be the most stigmatizing. Based on an online survey conducted last June, the report states that only around 1 in 3 health care workers consider a person who currently uses substances problematically as having a high chance of maintaining recovery.
Stop Stigma Now calls for a halt in Part 2 rulemaking
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2023

The organization Stop Stigma Now (SSN) has zeroed in on one specific aspect of the proposed changes to 42 CFR Part 2, regarding confidentiality of substance use disorder treatment records. The proposed changes, announced in November, 2022 (see ADAW https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33628), did not adequately address the confidentiality implications to patients in the way that the changes would help to prevent multiple enrollments in opioid treatment programs (OTPs), otherwise known as methadone clinics, according to SSN.
Scalable Polyimide‐Organosilicate Hybrid Films for High‐Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Dong Jiufeng , Li Li , Qiu Peiqi , Pan Yupeng , Niu Yujuan , Sun Liang , Pan Zizhao , Liu Yuqi , Tan Li , Xu Xinwei , Xu Chen , Luo Guangfu , Wang Qing , Wang Hong
Published: March 2023

High‐temperature polymer dielectrics have broad application prospects in next‐generation microelectronics and electrical power systems. However, the capacitive energy densities of dielectric polymers at elevated temperatures are severely limited by carrier excitation and transport. Herein, a molecular engineering strategy is presented to regulate the bulk‐limited conduction in the polymer by bonding amino polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (NH2‐POSS) with the chain ends of polyimide (PI). Experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the terminal group NH2‐POSS with a wide‐bandgap of Eg ≈ 6.6 eV increases the band energy levels of the PI and induces the formation of local deep traps in the hybrid films, which significantly restrains carrier transport. At 200 °C, the hybrid film exhibits concurrently an ultrahigh discharged energy density of 3.45 J cm−3 and a high gravimetric energy density of 2.74 J g−1, with the charge‐discharge efficiency >90%, far exceeding those achieved in the dielectric polymers and nearly all other polymer nanocomposites. Moreover, the NH2‐POSS terminated PI film exhibits excellent charge‐discharge cyclability (>50000) and power density (0.39 MW cm−3) at 200 °C, making it a promising candidate for high‐temperature high‐energy‐density capacitors. This work represents a novel strategy to scalable polymer dielectrics with superior capacitive performance operating in harsh environments.
The Significance of an In Situ ALD Al2O3 Stacked Structure for p‐Type SnO TFT Performance and Monolithic All‐ALD‐Channel CMOS Inverter Applications
Authors: Kim Hye‐Mi , Choi Su‐Hwan , Lee Han Uk , Cho Sung Beom , Park Jin‐Seong
Published: March 2023

Tin monoxide (SnO) has been studied widely over the past several decades due to its promising theoretical p‐type performance. However, limited fabrication processes due to the low thermal and air stability of SnO have resulted in poor performance in thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Here, it is suggested that in situ atomic layer deposition (ALD) of an Al2O3 capping layer can improve the electrical performance in SnO TFTs. By adopting an in situ stacking process, which protects vulnerable SnO thin films from exposure to air and contamination, SnO exhibits enhanced crystallinity, electrical performance, and improved scaling limitation of channel thickness. Especially, in situ stacked Al2O3 on a 7 nm SnO TFT has an exceptionally low subthreshold swing (0.15 V decade−1), high on/off ratio (6.54 × 105), and reasonable mobility (1.14 cm2 V−1 s−1) while the bare SnO TFT is not activated. Computational thermodynamics such as chemical potential analysis, nucleation Gibbs free‐energy calculations, and various analytical techniques are used to reveal the origin of highly crystallized SnO formations via in situ deposition of Al2O3. Finally, state‐of‐the‐art all‐ALD‐channel complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor inverters using n‐type indium gallium zinc oxide and p‐type SnO TFTs are integrated, which exhibit a maximum voltage gain of 240 V V−1 and a noise margin of 89.3%.
Dual‐Interfering Chemistry for Soft‐Hard Carbon Translation toward Fast and Durable Sodium Storage
Authors: He Hanna , He Jun , Yu Huaibo , Zeng Li , Luo Dan , Zhang Chuhong
Published: March 2023

Direct pyrolysis of low‐cost and resource‐abundant pitch generally produces highly graphitized soft carbon, showing low reversible capacity and a negligible charge‐discharge plateau owing to its unsuitable microstructure for sodium storage. Herein, for the first time, an innovative dual‐interfering chemistry strategy is proposed to solve the soft‐hard carbon translation challenge. Multifunctional zinc gluconate generates dual‐mechanism interference upon decomposition and successfully regulates pitch pyrolysis: 1) the gas decomposition products (carbon oxides) may consume excess hydrogen to realize fusion‐to‐solid‐state pyrolysis of pitch, hindering microcrystalline ordering; 2) the solid compounds (i.e., organic zinc salt and ZnO nanoparticles) not only weakens strong π–π interactions between the aromatic chains of pitch but also introduces abundant closed pores into the carbon matrix. The optimized pitch‐derived hard carbon (PZHC 450–1200) shows an absorption‐insertion‐pore filling sodium storage mechanism after microstructure conversion from graphitic structure to a pore‐rich and turbostratic structure. As a result, the PZHC 450–1200 exhibits a high reversible capacity of 320 mAh g−1 at 30 mA g−1 with a more than twofold‐enhanced low‐voltage plateau capacity ratio, and outstanding rate capability that outperforms almost all previously reported pitch‐derived carbons. The concept of dual‐interfering chemistry contributes to achieving low‐cost and high‐performance hard carbon for fast and durable sodium storage.
β2‐Adrenoreceptor Agonists, Montelukast, and Parkinson Disease Risk
Authors: Liu Bojing , Svenningsson Per , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Lundholm Cecilia , Wallin Johan , Larsson Henrik , Sjölander Arvid , Williams Dylan M. , Pedersen Nancy L. , Wirdefeldt Karin
Published: March 2023

Objective

This study was undertaken to examine the association between montelukast use, β2‐adrenoreceptor (β2AR) agonist use, and later Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods

We ascertained use of β2AR agonists (430,885 individuals) and montelukast (23,315 individuals) from July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2007, and followed 5,186,886 PD‐free individuals from July 1, 2007 to December 31, 2013 for incident PD diagnosis. We estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals using Cox regressions.

Results

We observed 16,383 PD cases during on average 6.1 years of follow‐up. Overall, use of β2AR agonists and montelukast were not related to PD incidence. A 38% lower PD incidence was noted among high‐dose montelukast users when restricted to PD registered as the primary diagnosis.

Interpretation

Overall, our data do not support inverse associations between β2AR agonists, montelukast, and PD. The prospect of lower PD incidence with high‐dose montelukast exposure warrants further investigation, especially with adjustment for high‐quality data on smoking. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1023–1028
Chaos Generation in Opto‐Mechanical Coupling System Assisted by Two‐Level Atoms
Authors: Ma Yong‐Hong , Zhao Rong , Hou Xing‐Wang , Liu Jia‐Wei , Li Ming‐Xin , Zhao Xinyu
Published: March 2023

Chaos is important in nonlinear science and promotes the development of fundamental studies, such as neural networks, extreme event statistics, and electron transport. In this paper, a theoretical scheme for generating dynamical chaos in a Fabry–Perot cavity with two‐level atoms is investigated. Through the injection of atoms, controllable chaos of the cavity and mechanical oscillator is achieved simultaneously by the external laser field. The trajectory and the maximal Lyapunov exponent that characterize the properties of the chaos could be optimized by adjusting the coupling constant, driving field, injection of atoms, the frequency of the cavity, and the frequency of the mechanical oscillator. This study provides a new idea to manipulate the cavity and mechanical chaos assisted by two level atoms. It is hoped that the results presented can benefit controllable chaos generation and its applications.
Gas permeation through polyethylene glycol/polytetramethylene glycol based polyurethane–silica mixed matrix membranes and interfacial morphology study via modeling approach
Authors: Fakhar Afsaneh , Zarabadipoor Mohammadmahdi , Talakesh Mohammad Mehdi , Sadeghi Morteza
Published: March 2023

A series of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) based on polyurethane (PU) and silica nanoparticles was fabricated. Three types of PU were synthesized with different polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polytetramethylene glycol ratios (PU0, PU75, and PU100, the corresponding numbers: PEG percent). The MMMs were characterized using FTIR, SEM, and gas permeation measurements (N2, O2, CH4, and CO2). The phase mixing of PU0 and PU75 membranes increased with silica content. This resulted in a decrease in gas permeability, while an increase in CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivities. The gas separation trend for PU100 membranes was the opposite. The molecular probing approach was served to study the interfacial structure of the MMMs. The existence of a rigidified polymer layer with 2.38 and 2.44 nm thicknesses around silica was revealed through PU0 and PU75 membranes, respectively. In contrary, silica was surrounded by a polymer chain dilution interphase with a thickness of 2.20 nm for PU100 MMMs.
Effects of β‐dextranase in raw natural rubber on the interface and performance of natural rubber/silica composites via simulation with an outer same protein
Authors: Xu Tiwen , Liao Lusheng , Li Shitao , Yao Qi , Wang Yueqiong
Published: March 2023

As one of the non‐isoprene components in raw natural rubber (NR), proteins always act an important role to the final performance of the filled rubber composites. In this work, we involved a natural protein β‐dextranase externally to simulate the same protease in raw NR, and analyzed the effects of β‐dextranase content on the dispersion of silica particles, mechanical performance, viscoelastic loss of NR/silica composites. β‐dextranase acts with silica through an intense hydrogen bond interaction, which improves silica dispersion and strengthens the mechanical properties of NR/silica composites obviously when loading 4 wt% β‐dextranase, as well as the ameliorative UV aging resistance. As a consequence, the energy loss of the composites is decreased remarkably, showing great advantage in low rolling resistance tire. Besides, the results could offer the data reference to the breeding, deep processing and application of NR.
The ear region of the Philippine flying lemur Cynocephalus volans (Placentalia, Dermoptera)
Authors: Wible John R.
Published: March 2023

The placental order Dermoptera, which includes two extant species, the Philippine and Sunda flying lemurs, Cynocephalus volans and Galeopterus variegatus, respectively, is generally held to be the sister group of Primates. Yet, little has been reported on their cranial anatomy. Here, the anatomy of the ear region is described and illustrated for a juvenile and adult C. volans based on CT scans. The inclusion of a juvenile is essential as nearly all cranial sutures are fused in the adult. Soft tissues are reconstructed based on sectioned histological pre‐ and postnatal specimens previously reported by the author. Numerous unusual features are identified, including: a small parasphenoid beneath the basisphenoid, a tensor tympani fossa on the epitympanic wing of the squamosal, a cavum supracochleare for the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve that is not enclosed in the petrosal bone, a secondary facial foramen between the petrosal and squamosal, a secondary posttemporal foramen leading to the primary one, a subarcuate fossa that is floored in part by a large contribution from the squamosal, a body of the incus larger than the head of the malleus, and a crus longum of the incus that lacks an osseous connection to the lenticular process. Documentation of the anatomy of the Philippine flying lemur ear region is an essential first step in morphological phylogenetic analyses where features of the basicranium are widely sampled.
What We Talk About When We Talk About ESG
Authors: Struck Daniel J.
Published: March 2023

Daniel J. Struck is a partner in the Chicago office of Culhane Meadows PLLC and the chair of the firm's Insurance Practice. In this article, he discusses some of the uncertainties confronting corporate leadership as they attempt to navigate a business environment in which environmental, social, and governance principles are not yet clearly defined, and it is necessary to balance the risks associated with the competing demands of ESG advocates and ESG critics.
Gas‐phase fluorination of conjugated microporous polymer microspheres for effective interfacial stabilization in lithium metal anodes
Authors: Li Zihao , Kong Lingchen , Peng Cong , Feng Wei
Published: March 2023

Lithium (Li) metal anodes have attracted extensive attention due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity and low potential. However, the uneven deposition of Li near the unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces leads to the growth of Li dendrites and the degradation of active electrodes. Herein, we directly fluorinate alkyne‐containing conjugated microporous polymers (ACMPs) microspheres with fluorine gas (F2) to introduce a novel fluorinated interlayer as an interfacial stabilizer in lithium metal batteries. Using density functional theory methods, it is found that as‐prepared fluorinated ACMP (FACMP) has abundant partially ionic C–F bonds. The C–F bonds with electrochemical lability yield remarkable lithiophilicity during cycling. The in situ reactions between the active C–F bonds and Li ions enable transfer of lithium fluoride microcrystals to the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers, guaranteeing effective ionic distribution and smooth Li deposition. Consequently, Li metal electrodes with the fluorinated interlayers demonstrate excellent cycling performances in both half‐batteries and full cells with a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide electrolyte as well as a nonfluorinated lithium bis(oxalate)borate electrolyte system. This strategy is highly significant in customizable SEI layers to stabilize electrode interfaces and ensure high utilization of Li metal anodes, especially in a nonfluorinated electrolyte.
Rh‐Catalyzed Direct Decarbonylative Borylation of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Yin Chang , Liao Yanjing , He Bangyue , Li Hongyi , Su Weiping
Published: March 2023

Carboxylic acids are abundant, low cost and environmentally friendly, direct convert carboxylic acids into valued‐added compounds are in high demand. Herein, we report a Rh(I) catalyzed direct decarbonylative borylation of aryl and alkyl carboxylic acid using TFFH as activator. This protocol features excellent functional‐group tolerance and a broad substrate scope including natural product and drugs. A gram‐scale decarbonylative borylation reaction of Probenecid is also presented. In addition, the utility of this strategy is highlighted by a one‐pot decarbonylative borylation/ derivatization sequence.
Development of multiple AI pipelines that predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response of breast cancer using H&E‐stained tissues
Authors: Shen Bin , Saito Akira , Ueda Ai , Fujita Koji , Nagamatsu Yui , Hashimoto Mikihiro , Kobayashi Masaharu , Mirza Aashiq H , Graf Hans Peter , Cosatto Eric , Hazama Shoichi , Nagano Hiroaki , Sato Eiichi , Matsubayashi Jun , Nagao Toshitaka , Cheng Esther , Hoda Syed AF , Ishikawa Takashi , Kuroda Masahiko
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the treatment of breast cancer has advanced dramatically and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has become a common treatment method, especially for locally advanced breast cancer. However, other than the subtype of breast cancer, no clear factor indicating sensitivity to NAC has been identified. In this study, we attempted to use artificial intelligence (AI) to predict the effect of preoperative chemotherapy from hematoxylin and eosin images of pathological tissue obtained from needle biopsies prior to chemotherapy. Application of AI to pathological images typically uses a single machine‐learning model such as support vector machines (SVMs) or deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, cancer tissues are extremely diverse and learning with a realistic number of cases limits the prediction accuracy of a single model. In this study, we propose a novel pipeline system that uses three independent models each focusing on different characteristics of cancer atypia. Our system uses a CNN model to learn structural atypia from image patches and SVM and random forest models to learn nuclear atypia from fine‐grained nuclear features extracted by image analysis methods. It was able to predict the NAC response with 95.15% accuracy on a test set of 103 unseen cases. We believe that this AI pipeline system will contribute to the adoption of personalized medicine in NAC therapy for breast cancer.
Blockchain‐based certificateless public auditing with privacy‐preserving for cloud‐based cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Adouth Vamshi , Rajagopal Eswari
Published: March 2023

Cloud‐server is an effective and flexible way to manage the massive amounts of data produced by cyber‐physical systems. It is a better option to outsource these data to the cloud. When data is outsourced to the cloud, users lose control over it, compromising the data's integrity. Many public auditing schemes were proposed to address this issue, where trusted third‐party auditors (TPAs) verify the integrity of data on behalf of the users. However, trusted TPAs are vulnerable and may not provide correct auditing results on time. Moreover, there is no trust nowadays. Blockchain‐based auditing schemes were introduced to prevent trusted third parties from overcoming this issue. However, most blockchain‐based public auditing schemes suffer from the key‐escrow issue. To overcome the key‐escrow problem and malicious auditors, in this article, a blockchain‐based certificateless public auditing with privacy‐preserving for cloud‐based cyber‐physical systems is constructed. The proposed scheme is secure against type I, II, III, and IV adversaries in the random oracle model. Further, the original proof of the data is masked using a random function to achieve data privacy when data is transferred between the cloud‐server and verifier. The performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme has higher efficiency and is suitable for cyber‐physical systems.
Feasibility Study to Assess Canagliflozin Distribution and Sodium‐Glucose Co‐Transporter 2 Occupancy Using [18F]Canagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: van der Hoek Sjoukje , Willemsen Antoon T. M. , Visser Ton , Heeres Andre , Mulder Douwe J. , Bokkers Reinoud P. H. , Slart Riemer H. J. A. , Elsinga Philip H. , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , Stevens Jasper
Published: March 2023

Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including canagliflozin, reduce the risk of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with and without type 2 diabetes, albeit with a large interindividual variation. The underlying mechanisms for this variation in response might be attributed to differences in SGLT2 occupancy, resulting from individual variation in plasma and tissue drug exposure and receptor availability. We performed a feasibility study for the use of [18F]canagliflozin positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to determine the association between clinical canagliflozin doses and SGLT2 occupancy in patients with type 2 diabetes. We obtained two 90‐minute dynamic PET scans with diagnostic intravenous [18F]canagliflozin administration and a full kinetic analysis in 7 patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients received 50, 100, or 300 mg oral canagliflozin (n = 2:4:1) 2.5 hours before the second scan. Canagliflozin pharmacokinetics and urinary glucose excretion were measured. The apparent SGLT2 occupancy was derived from the difference between the apparent volume of distribution of [18F]canagliflozin in the baseline and post‐drug PET scans. Individual canagliflozin area under the curve from oral dosing until 24‐hours (AUCP0‐24h) varied largely (range 1,715–25,747 μg/L*hour, mean 10,580 μg/L*hour) and increased dose dependently with mean values of 4,543, 6,525, and 20,012 μg/L*hour for 50, 100, and 300 mg, respectively (P = 0.046). SGLT2 occupancy ranged between 65% and 87%, but did not correlate with canagliflozin dose, plasma exposure, or urinary glucose excretion. We report the feasibility of [18F]canagliflozin PET imaging to determine canagliflozin kidney disposition and SGLT2 occupancy. This suggests the potential of [18F]canagliflozin as a tool to visualize and quantify clinically SGLT2 tissue binding.
Dual‐State Emission and Two‐Photon Absorption Tuned by Benzonitrile Substitution in 2,3,4,5‐Tetraphenyl‐1H‐Pyrrole
Authors: Cesaretti Alessio , Cai Zhengxu , Kim Junseok , Kim Hyungjun , Lei Yunxiang , Carlotti Benedetta
Published: March 2023

A series of nine 2,3,4,5‐tetraphenyl pyrrole derivatives presenting benzonitrile substitution at different positions was designed and synthesized for this work. Their structure–emission property relationships were investigated in depth through a joint advanced experimental and computational effort. Our ultrafast and non‐linear spectroscopic results showed more efficient intramolecular charge transfer and enhanced two‐photon absorption cross sections when the benzonitrile substitution is at position 3 of the central pyrrole. On the other hand, an intriguing dual‐state emission behaviour was found to be activated by substitution at position 2, with exceptionally large photoluminescence quantum yields exhibited both in solution and in the solid state. Indeed, the quantum chemical simulations revealed for the derivatives functionalized at position 2 that the distorted geometry of the benzonitrile substituent with respect to the phenyl ring prevents emission quenching in the aggregate species by π‐π stacking interactions. Our findings shed new light on optimized design strategies of highly emitting materials for efficient optoelectronic devices.
Longitudinal relationships between sub‐clinical depression, sub‐clinical eating disorders and health‐related quality of life in early adolescence
Authors: Kenny Bridget , Bowe Steven J. , Taylor C. Barr , Moodie Marj , Brown Vicki , Hoban Elizabeth , Williams Joanne
Published: March 2023

Objective

A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between depressive symptoms and eating disorder (ED) symptoms requires consideration of additional variables that may influence this relationship. Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) has been associated with both depression and EDs; however, there is limited evidence to demonstrate how all three variables interact over time. This study sought to explore the bi‐directional relationships between depressive symptoms, ED symptoms and HRQOL in a large community sample of young adolescents

Method

Adolescents (N = 1393) aged between 11 and 14 years (M = 12.50, SD = 0.38) completed an online survey measuring depressive symptoms, ED symptoms and HRQOL. Two‐level autoregressive cross‐lagged models with three variables (i.e., depressive symptoms, HRQOL and ED) assessed across two time points (T1 and T2) were created to address the study aims.

Results

HRQOL was found to predict depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms were found to predict ED symptoms. Components of HRQOL (i.e., social relationships and ability to cope) were found to share a differential relationship with depressive symptoms. Inability to cope predicted depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms predicted negative social relationships. EDs were found to predict reduced HRQOL and negative social relationships.

Discussion

Findings suggest prevention and early intervention programs designed to address adolescent depression should focus on improving HRQOL. Future research should assess the relationship between HRQOL and individual ED symptoms (e.g., body‐related ED symptoms, restrictive symptoms) as a means of exploring relationships that may have been masked by assessing ED symptoms using a total score.

Public Significance

This study sought to explore how eating disorders, depressive symptoms, and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) relate over time in a sample of young adolescents. Findings indicate adolescents who self‐reported lower levels of HRQOL, including a reduced ability to cope, are at risk of experiencing depressive symptoms. Adolescents should be provided with the tools to develop problem‐focused coping strategies as a means of reducing depressive symptoms.
Properties of cheese and ground beef in the presence of staghorn sumac
Authors: Wang Sunan , Nie Shaoping , Gan Ren‐You , Zhu Fan
Published: March 2023

Cost‐effective and under‐exploited plant species as functional food ingredients represent alternatives to chemicals with safety concerns and potent toxicity. Staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina) is considered a good source of natural polyphenols, which can be introduced into food products to carry out some specific technological functions (e.g., antioxidation and preservation). However, sumac fruit as a spice is under‐explored for its diversified uses in various food products as a novel functional ingredient. This study explored the technological feasibility and sensory acceptability of two representative sumac‐fortified food systems, namely Cheddar cheese and ground beef. Extracts of sumac (0.5%−5%) dose‐dependently increased the total phenolic and anthocyanin contents, while reducing thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (up to 46%), total plate counts of bacteria (up to 4.5 log colony‐forming units [CFU]/g) and pH of the cheese. In fresh ground beef, sumac extract at concentrations of 1%−5% was effective in reducing the total aerobic counts of Escherichia coli inoculated fresh ground beef by 0.16−1.14 log CFU/g, while improving meat color and oxidative stability during a storage period of 7 days at 4°C. Phytochemical profiling by high‐performance liquid chromatography showed the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin and anthocyanins in the sumac extracts. These compounds were possibly responsible for the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in the evaluated food systems. Sensory acceptability of Cheddar cheese or cooked beef meatballs with sumac extract addition (0.5%−3%) were similar to their respective controls. This study provides a feasible approach to satisfy health‐conscious consumers who favor a natural multifunctional ingredient to preserve food products.