bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of morality and their determinants in sport
Authors: Kavussanu Maria
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT IS AVAILABLE IN THE PDF
Επαγγελματική ικανοποίηση και επαγγελματική εξουθένωση στην εκπαίδευση
Authors: Κουστέλιος Αθανάσιος , Κουστέλιου Ιωάννα
Published: January 2024

Η ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ΒΡΙΣΚΕΤΑΙ ΜΕΣΑ ΣΤΟ ΑΡΧΕΙΟ PDF
Cognitive processes in first grade reading and spelling of Greek
Authors: D. Porpodas Costas
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT IS AVAILABLE IN THE PDF
Η εκμάθηση της ανάγνωσης και ορθογραφίας σε σχέση με την ηλικία και τη φωνημική ενημερότητα
Authors: Πόρποδας Κωνσταντίνος
Published: January 2024

Η ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ΒΡΙΣΚΕΤΑΙ ΜΕΣΑ ΣΤΟ ΑΡΧΕΙΟ PDF
Μορφές τυπικής λογικής σκέψης και πρόβλεψη βαθμών σε σχολικά μαθήματα
Authors: Βαλανίδης Νίκος
Published: January 2024

Η ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ΒΡΙΣΚΕΤΑΙ ΜΕΣΑ ΣΤΟ ΑΡΧΕΙΟ PDF
Θυμικές, γνωστικές και μεταμνημονικές επιδράσεις στην εκτίμηση της ορθότητας της λύσης προβλημάτων και της ικανοποίησης από αυτή τη λύση
Authors: Μεταλλίδου Παναγιώτα , Ευκλείδη Αναστασία
Published: January 2024

Η ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ΒΡΙΣΚΕΤΑΙ ΜΕΣΑ ΣΤΟ ΑΡΧΕΙΟ PDF
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for religious thinking in a sample of Greek Orthodox children
Authors: Pnevmatikos Dimitris
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT IS AVAILABLE IN THE PDF
Managing ESG Transformation Program
Authors: Brusenko Anton
Published: January 2024

This paper examines practices related to ESG-business transformation in the scientific field, as well as studies the practical implementation of such in the retrospect of some Russian companies. A unified step-by-step ESG transformation framework is developed as a result of an analysis, which can later be used for subsequent scientific research and practical application in the business environment.
The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Madej Aleksandra , Senat Hanna , Grabowska Patrycja , Bolla Patrycja , Senat Aleksandra , Marczyńska Zuzanna , Niemczyk Anna , Dorochowicz Mateusz
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus type II (DM2) is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases worldwide with a constantly increasing prevalence. It represents an important clinical challenge. The studies are concentrating on improving our knowledge of both pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities.

The influence of intestinal flora on many health conditions is being investigated. It was found that the gut microbiota of the healthy and diabetic individuals are different. This provides a highly important focus for the consideration of whether and how, based on the content of the intestinal flora, the development and treatment of this disease and its complications can be affected.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge about the The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and therapy of type 2 diabetes.

MATERIALS AND METHOD: The available literature in PubMed was reviewed to write the article, using the keywords ,,gut microbiota diabetes”, ,,diabetes mellitus”, ,,intestinal microbiome diabetes”, ,,dysbiosis diabetes” and ,,gut microbiota diabetes”.

CONCLUSION: The intestinal microbiome is a diverse community of microorganisms that inhabit the gut and has been shown to be essential for the health of the body. Modifications in the diversity and frequency of microorganisms residing in the gut, and the accumulation of metabolites they generate, have been correlated with DM2. The study of intestinal microflora could lead to the discovery of new methods of diagnosis and therapies of DM2 and its complications, such as diabetic kidney disease, neuropathy, retinopathy and cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, further studies are needed to understand the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis and therapy of DM2.
Largest Volume Inscribed Rectangles in Convex Sets Defined by Finite Number of Inequalities
Authors: Behroozi Mehdi
Published: January 2024

This paper considers the problem of finding maximum volume (axis-aligned) inscribed boxes in a compact convex set, defined by a finite number of convex inequalities, and presents optimization and geometric approaches for solving them. Several optimization models are developed that can be easily generalized to find other inscribed geometric shapes such as triangles, rhombi, and squares. To find the largest volume axis-aligned inscribed rectangles in the higher dimensions, an interior-point method algorithm is presented and analyzed. For two-dimensional space, a parametrized optimization approach is developed to find the largest area (axis-aligned) inscribed rectangles in convex sets. The optimization approach provides a uniform framework for solving a wide variety of relevant problems. Finally, two computational geometric [Formula: see text]–approximation algorithms with sublinear running times are presented that improve the previous results.

History: Accepted by Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Continuous.

Funding: The author is grateful for the support of Northeastern University for this research.

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0239 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0239 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Cannulated Screw Versus Kirschner Wire Fixation Following Open Reduction of Lateral Condyle Fracture of Humerus
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, DSOH, Yangon, Myanmar., Moe Shane , Win Hein Latt ,   Department of Orthopaedics, DSMA, Yangon, Myanmar., Kyaw Kyaw ,   Department of Orthopaedics, DSOH, Yangon, Myanmar., Tun Wai Lin ,   Department of Orthopaedics, DSOH, Yangon, Myanmar.
Published: January 2024

Background: Lateral condyle fracture (LCF) of the immature humerus is a transphyseal intra-articular injury. Where there is more than two millimeters of displacement, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with anatomic reduction and secure fixation are essential to avoid complications. The aim of this study is to analyze the outcome of cannulated screw versus two divergent Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation following open reduction of displaced lateral condyle fracture of humerus. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed including 64 children in 2 treatment groups: Group-A (screw fixation) and Group-B (Kirschner wires). Primary outcome measures were radiological outcome and functional outcome. Secondary outcomes were stability of fixation and post-operative complications. Results: There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics of the children between two groups. Screw fixation was significantly superior in radiological outcome than K-wires. There was no significant difference in functional outcome or the stability of fixation between the two groups. Surgical site infection and lateral condylar overgrowth were significantly higher in the K-wire fixation group. Conclusion: Cannulated screw fixation is superior in radiological outcome with fewer complications than K-wire fixation in displaced LCF of humerus in children. But there was no significant difference in functional outcome and stability of fixation. Keywords: Cannulated screw, Kirschner wire, Lateral condyle fracture of Humerus, Children
Functionality Against Odds: Lower Extremity Function Score and Children Health Assessment Questionnaire in Children with Bilateral Septic Sequelae of Hip
Authors:   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India., Sami Abdus , Agarwal Anil ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India., Sharma Lokesh ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India., Patel Yogesh ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India., Garg Varun ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India.
Published: January 2024

Purpose: We assessed the functional and radiological outcomes of children with sequelae of bilateral septic hips. Additionally, we attempted to determine the impact of radiological unstable hips on clinical functionality of the child. Material and methods: The retrospective case series included 9 children minimum 2 years post infection. The functional outcomes were assessed using Lower Extremity Function Score (LEFS) and Children Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ). Follow up hip radiographs were classified according to the Choi’s classification. We labelled the patient as having instability if either hip had a Choi type >3A. Results: The mean age at final follow-up was 7.6 years. Five patients had multiple joints affection. The mean LEFS score was 62.7 and CHAQ-DI 0.2. The mean LEFS values for radiological stable hips (n= 5 patients) was 66 ± 19.4 and 58.5 ± 15.3 for unstable hips (p=0.5487) while corresponding CHAQ-DI scores were 0.12 ± 0.13 and 0.27 ± 0.12 respectively (p=0.1098) indicating poor relatability between functional capabilities of the child and the radiological appearances of the hips. A strong negative correlation however existed between LEFS/ CHAQ-DI values (R= -0.897; p=0.001). Conclusions: Septic hip sequelae in children leads to various degrees of functional limitations and patients with multiple joint involvement have worse outcomes. The hip radiological findings do not relate with the overall functional status of the child. Keywords: Functional outcome, Disability, Hip, Sepsis, Child
Syed Khawar Mehdi, comp.,
Iskander Mirza: Pakistan's First Elected President's Memoirs from Exile
Authors: Aamir Adnan
Published: January 2024

The latest book titled Iskander Mirza: Pakistan’s First Elected President’s Memoirs from Exile is a profound and historical document that offers a different and intimate perspective on the critical formative years of Pakistan, challenging popular historical narrative. This review delves deep into the central themes and revelations in Iskander Mirza’s memoirs, providing an extensive analysis of his role in shaping Pakistan’s early history, the factors that contributed to his political downfall, and the broader historical context in which these events unfolded.
Introduction
Authors: Brett Bethany Morgan
Published: January 2024

This chapter sets the social and cultural scene for the child–parent caregiving relationship, providing an introductory focus on the challenges of social care provision for an ageing population in Britain today. There is also a brief investigation into the impact that COVID-19 has had on the landscape of care provision in the UK.
The loss of parents in later life
Authors: Brett Bethany Morgan
Published: January 2024

This chapter focuses on the loss of parents in later life, whether physical or psychological, but with particular focus on the lead-up to death following a period of care. The focus here is not on the period of grief after a death and practicalities of funeral arrangements, but instead emphasis is placed upon the feelings surrounding what Dupuis (2002) called anticipatory or ambiguous loss, which is a sense of loss felt when the death of a loved one is imminent. This chapter looks at the ambivalent feelings that are aroused by the death of parents, including feelings of grief, sadness, depression, and guilt, but also relief, opportunity, empowerment and self-development, and freedom. It acknowledges difficult parent relationships and how these losses are managed. Finally there is a discussion of the term ‘midlife orphan’ and what this means for the adult child’s new roles, responsibilities, and sense of identity.
Introduction
Authors: Telling Kathryn
Published: January 2024

The introduction argues that in order to get to a full picture of what is happening in higher education today, we must pay attention to the different sorts of educational values that are held by students and staff. Against the foundationalist view that one of these values (for instance, marketisation, elitism or the love of learning) must be the true story of what is going on, it introduces ideas from French pragmatic sociology that allow us to stay with that plurality. It argues that students and staff actively seek to disentangle this complexity (as can be seen in research interviews with them) and that a critical sociology of education should begin from these attempts at disentanglement. The introduction also describes the growth of the liberal arts degree in English higher education, explaining why this makes for a very useful case to explore educational complexity.
Trailblazing traditionalists: imagining the liberal arts in time
Authors: Telling Kathryn
Published: January 2024

In the context of both a globalised higher education system and an accelerated rate of change and innovation for institutions, the liberal arts are sometimes presented as the inevitable ‘direction of travel’. Both innovation and tradition are foregrounded simultaneously, as tradition suggests a safe pair of hands, but innovation avoids accusations of complacency. However, while websites present the tangled values of innovation and prestige as unalloyed goods, academics give more ambivalent descriptions of their motivations for, and experiences of, getting a liberal arts degree on (and sometimes off) the books. Indeed, the decision to close a liberal arts degree on the basis of low student recruitment is presented as just as much the inevitable direction of travel as opening it. The emergence of the liberal arts in England is, it is argued, symptomatic of a radical rudderlessness, where academic leaders no longer feel clear about the purpose of higher education at all.
Conclusion
Authors: Telling Kathryn
Published: January 2024

The conclusion to the book argues that attention must be paid to a plurality of values that are in operation in higher education as a way to understand both how official educational narratives proceed (such as those on institutions’ promotional websites), and how people seek to disentangle that plurality when asked to explain their beliefs and actions in interviews. It goes on to think through the implications of this plurality in the specific context of meritocracy, massification and non-vocational education discussed throughout the book, as well as more explicitly in Chapter 6. Analysing the precise mechanisms by which credential inflation has proceeded since the early 20th century, the book argues finally that the problem of non-vocational education is not that it masks class inequality under a veil of educational legitimacy (as formulated in much critical sociology), but rather that it casually entangles plural values together in ways that allow multiple goods (not only credentials, but also intellectual kudos and social esteem) to stick to privileged individuals. The ways in which some students and academics seek to disentangle these values offers an invaluable starting point for making the liberal arts less elitist.
Unpaid Care Policies in the UK
Authors: Lloyd Liz
Published: January 2024

The value of unpaid care and carers to the British social care system has become increasingly recognised, especially since the introduction of care in the community policies since 1990. Successive policies and strategies have recognised the heroic contribution to social care made by unpaid carers. Yet, carers remain poorly supported and face ever increasing demands on their time and commitment, while individuals who need support have fewer services to call upon than they did in 1990. This book discusses policy activity on unpaid care across the UK, in the context of increasing marketisation and resource constraint in social care services over three decades. It reflects on continuities and changes over this period, during which unpaid carers’ organisations have gained a place at the heart of policy making and have focused attention on strengthening carers’ rights. It explores the gap between the rhetoric and the realities of policies and makes a case for fundamental change in policy and practice. Such change would include a shift in the balance between unpaid care and publicly funded services for individuals who depend on support, as well as a reconceptualisation of the rights of individuals in care relationships. Drawing on theoretical perspectives from feminist ethics, critical gerontology and social policy, the book presents an argument for policies that recognise the universal need for care and for services that benefit caring relationships.
Conclusions
Authors: Lloyd Liz
Published: January 2024

Conclusions are drawn from the reflections on historical trends in policies and on their role in shaping experiences of unpaid care. The need to overturn the marginalisation of unpaid care within professional practice is discussed. The discussion in Chapter 6 is developed to conclude the critique of policies that have emphasised the carer identity and unpaid carers’ rights. An alternative policy paradigm is proposed that emphasises care as a widespread and diverse activity that involves us all and merits a collective response. It calls for care to be understood as a social risk, with sufficient resources to ensure a fair balance between unpaid care and formal services. It also calls for the organisation of care to be based on principles that are supportive of relationships of care.
Gender norms and young intimate relationship roles
Authors: Davies Ceryl Teleri
Published: January 2024

Chapter 3 focuses on exploring the impact of gendered social norms of relationship roles, in particular, the power dynamics during each stage of the progression of young intimate relationships. The sense of the gendered social construction of intimate relationships will be explored, basically, the norm or cultural feature of courtship, discussing the perceived benefits and comfort gained from accepting established gendered scripts, rather than suffering the consequences of non-conformity. Young women lack the power to operationalise their egalitarian attitudes in order to engage in relationships that adhere to the description of what they expect, want or desire within a ‘healthy relationship’. They demonstrate how they carefully managed their ‘performance of self’ and the management of their own identity. It will be argued that barriers preventing the operationalisation of their attitudes, beliefs, wishes and feelings reinforce gender differences, providing unstable grounding for a change towards ‘real’ gender equality. Young women perform what they see as the expected girlfriend role to meet their boyfriends’ demands, to the detriment of their own self-development of identity.
Active empowerment and reshaping gendered social norms
Authors: Davies Ceryl Teleri
Published: January 2024

While the conclusion reflects on the discussion and the future direction of policy and practice to address abuse in young intimate relationships, the landscape for change remains uncertain. The impetus for change appears to have the momentum of the new Domestic Abuse Act 2021 and the promise of an Ofsted review of peer-on-peer sexual harassment and abuse in schools, but the commitment to sustain attitude and cultural changes that scaffold unhealthy gendered social norms remains uncertain. This should not deter us from our civic and moral duty of challenging abusive and harmful social norms and behaviour.
Introduction: The case for considering taxation and social policy together
Authors: Lymer Andy , May Margaret , Sinfield Adrian
Published: January 2024

This brief introductory chapter sets the scene for the rest of the book. Starting with an account of the book’s inspiration, an earlier volume of the same title edited by Cedric Sandford, Chris Pond and Robert Walker published in 1980, it provides an overview of its aims and central concern, the importance of and need for considering taxation and social policy together. It also provides a preview of the book’s next fourteen chapters, the wide range of policy domains and tax issues they address and the ways they open up debate about the role of taxation as an instrument of social policy and its distributional and behavioural significance.
Employment, self-employment and taxation
Authors: Caraher Kevin , Reuter Enrico
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the social policy implications and politics of employment-related taxes with respect to both paid employment and self-employment. Taxes levied on paid employment, including both income tax and National Insurance contributions, represent a major source of revenue for the British state, comprising more than 40 per cent of the overall tax revenue of the UK government – well ahead of value added tax, corporation tax and any other remaining sources of revenue – while also serving as a key tool for redistribution. As revenue-raising mechanisms, they also pose fundamental questions around fairness, justice and effectiveness, both in comparison to other types of taxation and when differences in tax regimes depending on employment status are considered.
Wealth taxation: the case for reform
Authors: Rowlingson Karen
Published: January 2024

This chapter argues that the ‘system’ of wealth taxation in the UK is over-ripe for reform. The chapter starts by reviewing the nature and scale of wealth taxation in the UK before setting out the case for reforming and increasing wealth taxes. The chapter then reviews the barriers to reform and identifies the key barrier as the dominance of neoliberal discourse about wealth, inequality and taxation. The chapter concludes by suggesting a way forward to promote a different discourse alongside practical suggestions for reforming the current system and potentially introducing new forms of wealth taxation.
Institutionalisation of certain children and mothers in Ireland: reflections on the ‘troubled history’ of child welfare social work
Authors: McGregor Caroline
Published: January 2024

The premise of this book is that ‘by engaging with both the oppressive and resistant histories of the social work profession, this book aims to contribute to a more nuanced and fulsome account of our profession’s history’. In this chapter, the role of Irish social work in relation to institutionalisation and mass incarceration is explored to contribute to this work. A history of the present perspective derived from the work of Michel Foucault scaffolds this work. Such an approach recognises continuities and discontinuities between past and present in terms of ‘dominant’ and ‘minority’ discourses. It implies a view of history as a fluid and nebulous phenomenon that looks and feels differently depending on the perspective from which we view it. A history of the present approach rejects revisionism, whereby we judge the past from the vantage of the present. It is an approach that facilitates the capturing of a complex and contradictory history that shows both positive and negative forces. Such an approach avoids defensivism, denial or blame and promotes critical constructive analysis of history which informs the present and the future. The chapter begins with a brief note on the history of institutions for women and children in Ireland, directing the reader to sources to explore this theme in further depth. This next section focuses on the ‘received history’ of child welfare in Ireland. This is followed by a commentary on the Final Report of the Commission of investigation into the Mother and Baby Homes (2021) for illustration.
Facing the legacy of social work: coming to terms with complicity in systemic inequality and social injustice
Authors: Pease Bob
Published: January 2024

As the contributors to this volume illustrate, social work has a troubled history. It has been complicit in the internment of Japanese Americans during the First World War, apartheid in South Africa, the stolen generations and refugee detention in Australia and in dictatorships in Nazi Germany, Franco’s Spain and in Argentina and Chile, to name just a few of the case studies in this book. The premise of the book is that the profession has an ethical obligation to acknowledge this history and to learn from it. Only then can it chart an ethical future free of the legacy of the past. Ferguson (2019) notes that this ‘horrible history’ involved social workers actively colluding with oppressive policies of the state. In other instances, they acquiesced or remained silent in the face of policies and practices that reproduced oppression. How do we understand this accommodation to injustice? Did it involve ignorance and lack of awareness of what they doing? Did they believe that they were ‘doing good’? What does this mean for present-day complicity with injustice? How culpable are current social workers for inaction against injustice?
The contested scope of academic freedom
Authors: Kiwan Dina
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines how academic freedom has, in some cases, been invoked to stop academic institutions from excluding false, hateful and other objectionable expressions, but in other cases discarded when educators are required to teach mandated contents. It questions the partisan nature of such policies that are far from impartial, and explains that free speech must be balanced against diversity and inclusion. It explains why academic freedom needs to be considered in relation to the production of knowledge and the development of a democratic society. Controversies are examined in the sociopolitical context of universities and schools in the UK, with reference to government policy positions. As a way forward, it points to how concerns for safety and justice can be reconciled with academic freedom in helping citizens learn to participate democratically.
Active learning of marginalised young people
Authors: Shukra Kalbir
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores how opportunities developed with local authorities, community groups and youth projects can enable young people, particularly those from minority ethnic groups, to raise their political consciousness, by engaging them in critical dialogue around the issues that affect their lives. It discusses three types of projects that use interactive informal political education to help young people develop forms of representation, grow a sense of agency and make a difference. The first involves self-organised political organisations that are community based and led by Black or minority ethnic adults. A second is devised by mainstream youth-oriented organisations to take account of Black and minority ethnic young people’s concerns. The third is led by local authorities and service providers when it can help public bodies and young people learn to acknowledge differences, respect dissent and cooperate on finding solutions.
Universities’ role in teaching practical politics
Authors: Alexander Titus
Published: January 2024

This chapter argues for universities to develop a greater role in raising practical political skills. It draws extensively on a wide range of examples to show why and what more should be done. It explains how staff can adopt pedagogical approaches to integrate critical reflection on societal matters in response to related topics being raised. It points to formal and informal programmes that can be developed to give people a chance to learn about political processes and tactics, understand the power of different public offices, acquire the skills to exert their civic influence, and discover more about the threats and opportunities surrounding particular policy areas. Other suggestions include issue-based centres and community partnerships to provide support in accessing and assessing research findings; and arrangements to promote collaboration across departments and with professional associations to improve the availability and utilisation of well-tested information in the evaluation of public claims and the formulation of alternative proposals.
Conclusion: crisis redux
Authors: Taylor Sebastian
Published: January 2024

The concluding chapter argues that ‘crisis’ is defined not by the immediate impact but by the extent to which societies are able to learn and adapt in the aftermath. It reprises the principal arguments offered in each of the six core themes of liberal value, summarising how the evidence from health may help us to redefine our understanding of these values as we enter – and attempt to shape better – a post-COVID world.
Postscript: crisis in the UK
Authors: Taylor Sebastian
Published: January 2024

A brief postscript describes the cumulative political and economic crisis as it evolved in the UK in late 2022. It argues that this crisis is rooted in and manifests exactly the broader problems set out in the main body of the book, pointing in particular to the need for policy makers and politicians to break out of an unnecessarily restrictive neoliberal interpretation of liberal values.
Power over others
Authors: Gill Flora
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores what philosophers have said about the origins of power over others, the motives that underpin the use of such power and the ways in which it is used. While some writers accept such dynamics as a necessity, others are of the view that this type of power is lopsided; that is, owned by one group and used as a resource against another, less privileged group. Such power is often exerted quite subtly. Subordinates are not always aware that they have been manipulated into acting against their own interests. This chapter also provides accounts of ‘life at the coalface’, which illustrate first-hand the abuses inherent in hierarchical power structures.
The Degree Generation
Authors: Ingram Nicola , Bathmaker Ann-Marie , Abrahams Jessie , Bentley Laura , Bradley Harriet , Hoare Tony , Papafilippou Vanda , Waller Richard
Published: January 2024

What are the challenges for the current generation of graduate millennials? The role of universities and the changing nature of the graduate labour market are constantly in the news, but less is known about the experiences of those going through it. This new book traces the transition to the graduate labour market of a cohort of middle-class and working-class young people who were tracked over seven years following their undergraduate and post-graduation lives. Using personal narratives and voices, the book provides in-depth insights into the group’s experience of graduate employment and shows how life-course transitions are shaped by social background and education. Critically evaluating current government and university policies, the book explores the attitudes and values of this generation, their hopes and aspirations with regard to employment, their cultural practices, and their futures.
Graduate Success and Graduate Lives
Authors: Ingram Nicola , Bathmaker Ann-Marie , Abrahams Jessie , Bentley Laura , Bradley Harriet , Hoare Tony , Papafilippou Vanda , Waller Richard , Friedman Sam
Published: January 2024

This chapter provides an introduction to the book. It considers dominant framings of graduate ‘success’, how this is viewed and measured by multiple higher education actors, and what is missing from broader conceptualizations and measurements of graduate progression. We lay out the context within which young people progressed from university to graduate lives in the 2010s through a broad overview of graduate outcomes within the context of the higher education policy landscape in the UK. We unpack ideas around social mobility and the role of higher education in supporting government mobility goals, drawing links to graduates’ own dreams and aspirations, as well as the reality of the labour market. The chapter then gives an overview of the theoretical approach to the analysis in this book, outlining the Bourdieusian concept of social magic, Berlant’s concept of ‘cruel optimism’ and Tholen’s concept of symbolic closure, all of which are utilized and developed in the chapters that follow. The chapter ends with a summary of the chapters in the book.
Jobs for the Boys? Gender, Capital and Male-Dominated Fields
Authors: Ingram Nicola , Bathmaker Ann-Marie , Abrahams Jessie , Bentley Laura , Bradley Harriet , Hoare Tony , Papafilippou Vanda , Waller Richard , Friedman Sam
Published: January 2024

This chapter considers the working of gender in male-dominated fields and the ways in which this plays out for men and women on the graduate labour market, focusing on the field of engineering. The chapter draws on Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic violence to expose embodied gendered experiences of the workplace that delegitimize women’s position and value. Contrasting narratives of two successful graduates from the University of Bristol, one male and one female, are used to show how stocks of relevant and valued capitals are not sufficient to make a career in engineering, where the working of gender means that men are able to readily fit in and progress, while women are out-of-place invaders in a male-dominated space. The chapter shows the ways in which forms of (white, middle-class, masculine) embodied cultural capital can be more readily converted in a field that has been constructed to recognize its value.
Sharing ‘Healthiness’
Authors: Kent Rachael
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores how self-tracking technologies and social media enable the management and representation of specific ‘health(y)’ lifestyles and identities. It identifies the many purposes and ‘share-ability’ of different digital representations of health on social media. Whether sharing for support, motivation or appearing authentic or avoiding oversharing, users represent many of their practices with the view to perform the ‘idealised’ body and ‘digital health self’. This chapter highlights how health and lifestyle have become representative of this ‘optimal self’ through the representation of health choices and everyday wellness behaviours on social media platforms. Embodiment of this focus on maximising and optimising health is no longer a priority confined to the ‘health-conscious’, the quantified self movement, users of self-tracking technologies or social media influencers. This chapter identifies how the ‘digital health self’ is the conceptualisation of an everyday productive individual, citizen and subject who self-regulates health as a performance by self-tracking data, conceiving the representation, and thus the curation, as a powerful force and in turn controlling the malleable physical form to attain the performance of a continually improving body, in the hope of a happier, healthier and optimal future.
Future Directions for the Digital Health Self
Authors: Kent Rachael
Published: January 2024

This concluding chapter summarises the findings of the empirical research findings presented throughout this book, of the everyday impact of self-tracking and social media upon mental and physical health, and looks to the future, after discussing the implications of COVID-19 on health management via technology. These research findings have identified a discourse that encourages individuals to prioritise the ‘maximisation’ and ‘optimisation’ of what we have come to believe is our quality of life. Problematically, this continual management should, as it has been demonstrated, not be reduced to ‘good’ or ‘bad’ representations of ‘health’, nor should specific qualities and determinants of certain ‘lifestyle realities’ be privileged over others. Individual ‘health’ has become collaborative in these data-sharing spheres; ‘healthy’ behaviours are enacted by the individual, captured and represented on social media for their own benefits as well as for the community, who through feedback loops simultaneously become a part of the ‘health’ identity of the sharer online. In turn, this affects and encourages ‘healthy’ online behaviours, either through peer pressure or pleasurable motivation. These surveillant, monitoring, competitive and comparative technologies propose such binaries by nudging users through forms and tools of engagement. These technologies challenge and shape understandings of how we interpret our everyday environment and health knowledge.
Introduction: Between Meaning and Matter
Authors: Champagne Anne Marie , Friedman Asia
Published: January 2024

In this introduction to Interpreting the Body: Between Meaning and Matter, coeditors Anne Marie Champagne and Asia Friedman establish the volume’s focal metaphor of interpretation, summarizing its unique benefits and challenges for how social scientists understand and study body and embodiment. Highlighting the social, material, and disciplinary conditions that structure modes of attending, feeling, and thinking about the body in both lay experience and social-scientific analysis, the chapter brings renewed theoretical and methodological light to processes of interpretation in the social construction of the body across different theoretical traditions. Noting how the use of interpretation as a metaphor for analyzing body and embodiment can illuminate the interdependency between meaning and matter, the chapter likewise directs one to consider how and why some aspects or details of the body and embodiment emerge as more notable or important than others, thus revealing how patterns of social, moral, and political salience generate the attentional topography of the body’s meaning and matter.
International Actors’ Framing of Peacebuilding Agendas
Authors: Londoño Catalina Montoya
Published: January 2024

Chapter 7 offers a comparative look at how the international community framed peacebuilding agendas of intervention linked to national and local spaces. It examines how each country and international organization leading the post-conflict multi-funds or the mission of support to the peace process foregrounded agendas in targeted spaces for peacebuilding intervention. These agendas included development, governance, human rights, peace processes and security. Agendas were related to recommendations for action, information about activities or strategies carried out, and expressions of support, concern or condemnation in online subsidies. The latter reflected the desire for something to be addressed (agenda setting) and an explicit call for action. The chapter starts by introducing some general trends in the agendas and scales of intervention foregrounded by international actors and then explores how each actor privileged (non)specified spaces related to agendas of peacebuilding.
Conclusion
Authors: Londoño Catalina Montoya
Published: January 2024

Chapter 8 summarizes the results of the research regarding the extent to which different frames of transformation and peacebuilding promoted by key international actors reflected consensus, complementarity, dissent or dispersion. This was against the background of two Colombian governments opposed on the peace process, and the implications for consolidating the peacebuilding initiatives of the Santos government. Four propositions are made regarding the potential of understanding public diplomacy from a constructivist and multilateral perspective, as well as the role of online subsidies in the promotion of spatially targeted peacebuilding. Subsequently, the contribution of the results to the existing body of literature is stated, and the chapter reflects on the implications of the work for thinking more broadly about the role of multilateral public diplomacy in local peacebuilding as well as the ways in which further work may contribute to research in this area.
Blumer, Weber, Peirce, and the Big Tent of Semiotic Sociology: Notes on Interactionism, Interpretivism, and Semiotics
Authors: Bakker J.I. (Hans)
Published: January 2024

This chapter lays the foundations for a metaparadigmatic approach, a potential “big tent” for sociology. Peirce’s semiotic “triadic” model is central. Five theoretical arguments at the metatheoretical level are put forward, with each key argument building on the others in a kind of grand synthesis or overarching framework. Currently, all the social sciences are fragmented, with neoclassical economics the least fragmented but now challenged by a new political economics. Parsons attempted to develop “social relations” at Harvard, but that view only lasted for a while. The interpretive approach to the social sciences advocated by Geertz and Bellah is now mostly applied only to some aspects of symbolic interaction, with symbolic interactionism quite separate as an interpretive network. The proposed synthesis is not a final version but it does involve a “broader horizon” (a “sublation” or Aufhebung). The goal is an overarching sociological framework that can be called “semiotic sociology.”
Introduction: Purpose and Scope
Authors: Chin Warren
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces the subject of technology, war and the state and provides a review of the existing literature presented in two schools of thought. It then seeks to demonstrate why another study is needed and identifies the principal gaps and weaknesses that exist and how this study proposes to address and expand the debate. The principal argument is that the breadth and pace of current and anticipated technological change will precipitate a paradigm shift in all areas of human life and this will include war and politics. In adopting this position the chapter explains why such a narrow focus on technology as a cause of change is justified when applied to the current context in which we live.
Technological Determinism and Debates about State Formation in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Chin Warren
Published: January 2024

This chapter addresses the question of technological determinism in war and politics and seeks to calibrate the relationship between technology, war and the state by situating it within the context of probably one of the most examined periods of military change, the early modern period within Europe. The principal argument here confirms the position taken by those who believe forces other than technology played an instrumental role in shaping war and politics in the period in question. The chapter explores these debates and its findings support the view that technology was one of several variables that precipitated a change in war and the process of state formation, but did not play a critical or defining role as has sometimes been assumed.
Testing Western Military Thinking about the Future of War: Russia’s War in Ukraine
Authors: Chin Warren
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores the military doctrinal response to the current challenges facing the West. This is viewed from a Western perspective and focuses on the science of war and on American and military efforts to address the geopolitical and technological threats that the West is likely to confront over the next decade or so. Essentially, this is their manual on how to fight the next war and win. Within it are numerous assumptions about the nature of international politics, who the next enemy will be, how they will seek to negate the military effectiveness of the West’s military system and how this can be countered. The important question here is how accurate this vision of future war addresses the emerging reality we confront.
Taxes and the Social Contract
Authors: Manning Carrie
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces the main questions to be addressed, justifies and situates the topic, and discusses the scope, content, and aims of the work. It opens with a description of events in Ferguson, Missouri in 2014, when an unarmed teenager was killed by a police officer, sparking large-scale protests and drawing attention to practices of revenue-driven policing. It offers Ferguson as one example of many local jurisdictions in which local governments’ efforts to find new sources of funding in the face of resource scarcity (often created by tax and expenditure limiting measures) have produced troubling and sometimes perverse consequences. These include a shift toward the use of municipal court fees and fines to fund public safety, resulting in predatory policing. The chapter argues that these practices are not just the result of contemporary fiscal need but reflect a long-standing social contract, and its attendant tax bargain, on which states were built. It introduces the concepts of state formation, the social contract, and the tax bargain that frame the argument of the book, and describes the plan of the book.
Introduction
Authors: David Matthew
Published: January 2024

Addressing four distinct digital affordances (access, concealment, evasion and incitement), across four distinct fields of criminal harm (hate, obscenity, corruptions of citizenship and appropriation), this chapter introduces classic debates and cutting-edge research to pose the question: does the digital make a difference in relation to crime; or does old wine in new bottles merely reproduce perennial problems and their solutions, thereby cancelling one another out in the process? This introduction then highlights, first, that digital affordances are symmetrical in principle, but not always in practice; and, second, that while symmetrical, digital affordances polarize along such lines of symmetry – creating increased scope for (while not compelling) extreme oppositions. Adopting a comprehensive and integrated approach to the four affordances and four fields of criminal harm, that, taken in isolation, allow commentators to talk past one another, this introduction frames the arguments that will be developed through the rest of the book.
Fake News, Echo Chambers and Citizen Journalism
Authors: David Matthew
Published: January 2024

The internet has created the potential for ‘everyone’ to publish their own news and other content, and for ‘everyone’ to access it. On the one hand, citizen journalism has undone censorship, while, on the other hand, it has led to fears of a loss of standards. To what extent is cyber culture creating deeper social silos and more fake news than existed before? It is not the case that people today are narrower in their choice of news. The state or advertisers largely dictate radio and television’s ideological content. Today, algorithms play a role in reproducing such an editorial nexus. If society is more divided today, new media reflects this division, even if it may afford exaggerations of such divisions. While media may reinforce either cohesion or division, such as may exist outside it, the idea that ‘new’ media intrinsically polarizes where old media unified is false.
Coda: Afterlives
Authors: Bresnihan Patrick , Millner Naomi
Published: January 2024

A short afterword that draws on the recent visit of a Zapatista contingent to Ireland in 2021. The encounter captures something of the hope and energy found when past struggles resurface through new encounters and contexts, establishing new fields of resonance. We discuss this in terms of ‘afterlives’.
Feminist Approaches to Studying Memory and Mass Atrocity
Authors: Fox Nicole
Published: January 2024

This chapter provides an overview of how and why narratives that shape national collective memory of past atrocity neglect gender – a neglect that many find shocking given the ubiquity of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in all recorded wars and mass atrocities. These silences transform into contemporary inequalities as who a society remembers and values as a victim shapes access to resources such as education, financial support, and social capital. I suggest ways for scholars to remedy this oversight in research on gender and cases of contentious memory, and how to integrate a feminist lens in various stages of the research and writing process. This includes oversampling strategies, choosing subjects, qualitative data collection strategies, and approaches to analyzing data, including the analytical vitality of listening to the silences and gaps present in qualitative data. Finally, I address the personal cost for the researcher who adopts a feminist interpretive lens when studying gender and memorialization in the context of mass atrocity and SGBV. Gendered gaps in collective memory projects have significant consequences, including devaluing women’s place in the nation and delimiting their roles in the future (regarding leadership opportunities, decision-making positions, economic prosperities, and governing posts).