bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LeishCyc: a biochemical pathways database for Leishmania major
Authors: Doyle Maria A , MacRae James I , De Souza David P , Saunders Eleanor C , McConville Malcolm J , Likić Vladimir A
Published: June 2009

Background

Leishmania spp. are sandfly transmitted protozoan parasites that cause a spectrum of diseases in more than 12 million people worldwide. Much research is now focusing on how these parasites adapt to the distinct nutrient environments they encounter in the digestive tract of the sandfly vector and the phagolysosome compartment of mammalian macrophages. While data mining and annotation of the genomes of three Leishmania species has provided an initial inventory of predicted metabolic components and associated pathways, resources for integrating this information into metabolic networks and incorporating data from transcript, protein, and metabolite profiling studies is currently lacking. The development of a reliable, expertly curated, and widely available model of Leishmania metabolic networks is required to facilitate systems analysis, as well as discovery and prioritization of new drug targets for this important human pathogen.

Description

The LeishCyc database was initially built from the genome sequence of Leishmania major (v5.2), based on the annotation published by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. LeishCyc was manually curated to remove errors, correct automated predictions, and add information from the literature. The ongoing curation is based on public sources, literature searches, and our own experimental and bioinformatics studies. In a number of instances we have improved on the original genome annotation, and, in some ambiguous cases, collected relevant information from the literature in order to help clarify gene or protein annotation in the future. All genes in LeishCyc are linked to the corresponding entry in GeneDB (Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute).

Conclusion

The LeishCyc database describes Leishmania major genes, gene products, metabolites, their relationships and biochemical organization into metabolic pathways. LeishCyc provides a systematic approach to organizing the evolving information about Leishmania biochemical networks and is a tool for analysis, interpretation, and visualization of Leishmania Omics data (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) in the context of metabolic pathways. LeishCyc is the first such database for the Trypanosomatidae family, which includes a number of other important human parasites. Flexible query/visualization capabilities are provided by the Pathway Tools software and its Web interface. The LeishCyc database is made freely available over the Internet http://www.leishcyc.org.
Spontaneous regression of Merkel cell carcinoma in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report
Authors: Turk Tamara , Orlic Zeljka Crncevic , Smoljan Ivana , Nacinovic Antica , Bekafigo Irena Seili , Radic Jelena , Zamolo Gordana
Published: June 2009

Introduction

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive primary cutaneous neuroendocrine malignant tumor. The tumor has a high rate of local recurrence after surgical removal. Spontaneous regression appears to be relatively common in this rare type of tumor.

Case presentation

We describe the clinical course, cytological and histological findings of a Merkel cell carcinoma in a 70-year-old Caucasian woman, simultaneously diagnosed with chronic lymphatic leukemia. The tumor showed clinical regression after fine needle aspiration. At primary presentation, the tumor had no apparent leukocyte infiltration, but was completely cleared by T-cell mediated immunity within 3 weeks after fine needle aspiration.

Conclusion

Fine needle aspiration may have acted as a mechanical trigger involved in the activation of cell-mediated immunity, leading to the clinical and histological regression of the tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of spontaneous regression of Merkel cell carcinoma in a patient with a co-malignancy, that is to say, chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Longitudinal changes in recalled perceived life threat after a natural disaster
Authors: Heir Trond , Piatigorsky Auran , Weisæth Lars
Published: May 2009

Background

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis often depends on a retrospective, self-report of exposure to a life-threatening event.

Aims

To examine the stability of recalled perceived life threat in a community sample exposed to a distinct stressful event.

Method

Five hundred and thirty-two Norwegian citizens who experienced the 2004 South-East Asia tsunami completed a self-report questionnaire 6 and 24 months post-disaster. The questionnaire measured perceived life-threat intensity, exposure, immediate stress response, psychopathology, personality dimensions, self-efficacy and social support.

Results

Recalled threat intensity increased from 6 to 24 months (P<0.001). Recall amplification was associated with lack of PTSD symptom improvement (P< 0.05), but not with degree of exposure, immediate stress response, mood or stress symptoms, personality, self-efficacy or social support.

Conclusions

Recall amplification of perceived life threat from a single stressful event occurs in the general population, it may hinder PTSD symptom improvement and it questions the diagnostic validity of PTSD.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Reactivates G1 Checkpoint in SK-N-MC Cells via Regulation of p21, Inhibitor of Differentiation Genes (Id1-3), and Epithelium-Mesenchyme Transition-Like Events
Authors: Higgins S. , Wong S. H. X. , Richner M. , Rowe C. L. , Newgreen D. F. , Werther G. A. , Russo V. C.
Published: May 2009

We have recently demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 promotes neuroblastoma cell differentiation and overrides their mitogenic response to IGF-I. However, the mechanisms involved are unknown. SK-N-MC cells were cultured with FGF-2 (50 ng/ml) and/or IGF-I (100 ng/ml) up to 48 h. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis indicated that FGF-2 promotes G1/G0 cell cycle phase arrest. Gene expression by RT2-PCR and cellular localization showed up-regulation of p21. We then investigated whether FGF-2-induced differentiation of SK-N-MC cells (by GAP43 and NeuroD-6 expression) involves epithelium-mesenchyme transition interconversion. Real-time PCR (RT2-PCR) showed modulation of genes involved in maintenance of the epithelial phenotype and cell-matrix interactions (E-cadherin, Snail-1, MMPs). Zymography confirmed FGF-2 up-regulated MMP2 and induced MMP9, known to contribute to neuronal differentiation and neurite extension. Id1-3 expression was determined by RT2-PCR. FGF-2 induced Id2, while down-regulating Id1 and Id3. FGF-2 induced nuclear accumulation of ID2 protein, while ID1 and ID3 remained cytoplasmic. RNA interference demonstrated that Id3 regulates differentiation and cell cycle (increased Neuro-D6 and p21 mRNA), while d Id2 modulates epithelium-mesenchyme transition-like events (increased E-cadherin mRNA). In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that FGF-2 induces differentiation of neuroblastoma cells via activation of a complex gene expression program enabling modulation of cell cycle, transcription factors, and suppression of the cancer phenotype. The use of RNA interference indicated that Id-3 is a key regulator of these events, thus pointing to a novel therapeutic target for this devastating childhood cancer.
A Thyroid Hormone Analog with Reduced Dependence on the Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 for Tissue Transport
Authors: Di Cosmo Caterina , Liao Xiao-Hui , Dumitrescu Alexandra M. , Weiss Roy E. , Refetoff Samuel
Published: June 2009

Mutations of the thyroid hormone (TH) cell membrane transporter MCT8, on chromosome-X, produce severe mental and neurological impairment in men. We generated a Mct8-deficient mouse (Mct8KO) manifesting the human thyroid phenotype. Although these mice have no neurological manifestations, they have decreased brain T3 content and high deiodinase 2 (D2) activity, reflecting TH deprivation. In contrast and as in serum, liver T3 content is high, resulting in increased deiodinase 1 (D1), suggesting that in this tissue TH entry is Mct8 independent. We tested the effect of 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid (DITPA), a TH receptor agonist, for its dependence on Mct8 in Mct8KO and wild-type (Wt) mice tissues. After depletion of endogenous TH, mice were given three different doses of DITPA. Effects were compared with treatment with two doses of l-T4. As expected, physiological doses of l-T4 normalized serum TSH, brain D2, and liver D1 in Wt mice but not the Mct8KO mice. The higher dose of T4 suppressed TSH in the Wt mice, normalized TSH and brain D2 in Mct8KO mice, but produced a thyrotoxic effect on liver D1 in both genotypes. In contrast DITPA produced similar effects on TSH, D2, and D1 in both Wt and Mct8KO mice. The higher dose fully normalized all measurements and other parameters of TH action. Thus, DITPA is relatively MCT8 independent for entry into the brain and corrects the TH deficit in Mct8KO mice without causing thyrotoxic effect in liver. The potential clinical utility of this analog to patients with MCT8 mutations requires further studies.
Believing in the Black Messiah: The Legio Maria Church in an African Christian Landscape
Authors: Kustenbauder Matthew
Published: May 2009

This article examines the Legio Maria Church of western Kenya, a relatively rare example of schism from the Roman Catholic Church in Africa. One of more than seven thousand African Initiated Churches in existence today, it combines conservative Catholicism, traditional religion and charismatic manifestations of the Spirit. Yet this group is different in one important respect—it worships a black messiah, claiming that its founder, Simeo Ondeto, was Jesus Christ reincarnated in African skin. This article considers factors involved in the group's genesis as a distinct modern-day messianic movement, including: (1) the need to defend and define itself vis-à-vis Roman Catholicism; (2) the appropriation of apocalyptic ideas found in Christian scriptures and their synthesis with local religious traditions; and (3) the imitation of Jesus' example and teaching to confront political and religious persecution in a manner marked by openness, universalism and nonviolence. Eschewing Western theological categories for African ones, this article draws upon internal sources and explanations of Legio Maria's notion of messianism and Ondeto's role therein to illustrate that, far from being a heretical sect, Legio may well represent a more fully contextualized and authentically homegrown version of Catholicism among countless other African Christian realities.
South Africa's Newest "Jews": The Moemedi Pentecostal Church and the Construction of Jewish Identity
Authors: Andersen Nicole , London Scott
Published: May 2009

This article examines the Moemedi Pentecostal Church, a small, recently established group outside of Johannesburg, South Africa. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, it reviews the origins and theology of the church with particular emphasis on members' assertion of Jewish identity. The Moemedi Pentecostal Church (MPC) emphasizes the Old Testament and biblical Jews in a manner common to many Zionist churches in Africa. While it is common among Zionist churches for congregants to believe they are God's "new chosen people," MPC members take the additional step toward self-identification as Jews, even while claiming no historical Jewish identity. The Moemedi Pentecostal Church broke off from the International Pentecostal Church (IPC) after its founder, Frederick Modise, died in 1998. While continuing to embrace Modise's teachings, members of the new group eschew the divine messianic qualities many in the IPC attribute to him. The result is a complex blend of Zionist and Jewish elements in the MPC. This article suggests that the claim to be Jewish made by the members of the Moemedi Pentecostal Church is related to their assertion that they have a true understanding of Moemedi's function as a human messiah, as opposed to the divinity attributed to Moemedi by members of the IPC.
“Girls Just Aren't Interested”: The Social Construction of Interest in Girls' Sport
Authors: Cooky Cheryl
Published: May 2009

Given the significant increase in the number of women and girls participating in sport, it is now a commonly held belief that girls have ample opportunities to participate in sport and, consequently, that girls who do not participate choose to do so because they simply lack interest in sport. Using qualitative methodologies and the sociology of accounts, the author examines a recreational sport program for low-income minority girls in the metropolitan Los Angeles area. Applying Giddens's theory of structuration to emergent themes from participant observations and interviews, the findings illustrate how structures, as they are embodied through the everyday interactions of their participants, simultaneously constrain certain forms of agency while enabling other forms. This study advances sociology's disciplinary understanding of social construction by illustrating how social structure and cultural discourses interact in shaping everyday social interactions.
Differences in the Surface Charging at the (100) and (110) Surfaces of Li2B4O7
Authors: Wooten David , Ketsman Ihor , Xiao Jie , Losovyj Ya. B. , Petrosky James C. , McClory J. , Burak Ya. , Adamiv V. , Dowben Peter A
Published: June 2009

From angle resolved photoemission, the (100) surface termination of Li2B4O7 is significantly more polar than the (110) surface termination although the accepted dipole orientation of this pyroelectric crystal is along (001). Consistent with the surface termination, the surface charging at the surface of (100) is significantly greater than observed at (110) and plays a role in the surface photovoltage effects. Because of the different interfaces formed, device properties likely depend upon crystal faces of lithium borate.
First-principles study of defects and carrier compensation in semiconductor radiation detector materials
Authors: Du Mao-Hua , Takenaka Hiroyuki , Singh David Joseph
Published: June 2009

We discuss defect engineering strategies in radiation detector materials. The goal is to increase resistivity by defect-induced Fermi level pinning without causing defect-induced reductions in the carrier drifting length. We show calculated properties of various intrinsic defects and impurities in CdTe. We suggest that the defect complex of a hydrogen atom and an isovalent impurity on an anion site may be an excellent candidate in many semiconductors for Fermi level pinning without carrier trapping.
Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy of CdTe Solar Cells Measured Under Different Bias Conditions
Authors: Moutinho Helio , Dhere Ramesh , Jiang Chun-Sheng , Al-Jassim Mowafak
Published: June 2009

We have investigated different methods for preparing CdTe/CdS cross sections for electrical measurements, including the following: cleaving; using GaAs substrates; and sandwiching the structure between the substrate and a glass slide, and polishing with diamond discs and alumina suspension. The latter method proved to be the most reliable, with a success rate of over 90%.

We investigated cross sections of CdTe/CdS samples with scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) using two different methods: applying the alternate bias with a frequency equal to 18.5 kHz, or equal to the frequency of the second cantilever resonance peak. The results showed that using the second resonance frequency produced a smoother signal, allowing the calculation of the electric field inside the device using just the raw SKPM data.

We were able to measure the distribution of the electrical potential inside working devices. Then, by taking the first derivative of the potential, we calculated the electric field and determined the location of the p-n junction.
IR Reflectivity Studies of Mechanically Alloyed PbTe Nanocrystals
Authors: Hasapis Thomas Ch. , Papageorgiou Chrysi , Hatzikraniotis Euripides , Kyratsi Theodora , Paraskevopoulos Konstantinos M
Published: June 2009

Nano-crystalline lead telluride powder was synthesized by mechanical alloying using a high-energy planetary ball mill. The broadening of the X-ray diffraction peaks vs ball milling time, indicates small crystalline size of the order of 30nm. IR spectroscopy results are discussed and compared to the material prepared from melt.
Strain Relaxation of Self-nanostructured Solution Derived La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Films
Authors: Abellan Patricia , Felip Sandiumenge , Moreno Cesar , Casanove Marie-Jose , Puig Teresa , Obradors Xavier
Published: June 2009

The morphological and microstructural evolution associated with an exsolution driven self-nanostructuration
process of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films, is investigated using scanning force microscopy, reciprocal space mapping and transmission electron microscopy. The focus is placed on the misfit strain relaxation mechanism. Surfaces with atomically flat terraces are already developed after 1hour at 1000 °C while first fingerprints of phase exsolution do not appear until 9-10 hours. X-ray diffraction reciprocal-space mapping reveals that 24 nm thick films remain strained during the whole microstructural evolution, while 12 hour annealed films undergo almost total plastic relaxation of the misfit strain at a thickness of 60 nm. Overall, these results point to a kinetic limitation of dislocation mechanisms. It is argued that chemical relaxation provides a significant contribution to misfit strain relief.
Arranjos de plantas de mandioca e milho em cultivo solteiro e consorciado: crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade
Authors: Schons Alfredo , Streck Nereu Augusto , Storck Lindolfo , Buriol Galileo Adeli , Zanon Alencar Junior , Pinheiro Diego Garrido , Kraulich Bruno
Published: May 2009

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o crescimento, o desenvolvimento e a produtividade da mandioca e do milho em diferentes arranjos de plantas em cultivo solteiro e consorciado considerando-se duas épocas de semeadura do milho. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Santa Maria (RS). A mandioca, variedade RS 13, foi plantada em 27/9/2005. O milho, variedade BRS Missões, foi semeado em duas épocas: 2/11/2005 e 29/11/2005. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos ao acaso com 12 tratamentos e três repetições. Foram medidos parâmetros de crescimento (altura de plantas e área de folhas), desenvolvimento (filocrono, número final de folhas e duração de fases de desenvolvimento) e os componentes de produção das duas culturas. Foi calculada a soma térmica de algumas fases de desenvolvimento (usando-se uma temperatura base de 14 ºC para mandioca e de 10 ºC para milho) e determinado o filocrono. O crescimento e o desenvolvimento das duas espécies não foram afetados pelo arranjo de plantas, tanto em cultivo solteiro como em consórcio. O maior uso eficiente da terra (UET) foi obtido no consórcio de mandioca com milho, com a mandioca cultivada em fileiras duplas de 1,6 x 0,5 x 0,6 m e uma fileira de milho a 0,8 x 0,21 m ou duas fileiras de 0,4 x 0,42 m entre as fileiras duplas de mandioca e o milho semeado na emergência da mandioca.
Origem e dinâmica da deposição dos sedimentos superficiais na Várzea do Lago Grande de Curuai, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Amorim Marcelo Andrade , Moreira-Turcq Patrícia Florio , Turcq Bruno Jean , Cordeiro Renato Campello
Published: June 2009

Este estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar os sedimentos superficiais de um sistema de Várzea do Rio Amazonas, quanto a sua granulometria e ao seu teor orgânico, assim como compreender a origem e a hidrodinâmica destes sedimentos. 51 amostras de sedimento superficial foram coletadas na Várzea do Lago Grande de Curuai, localizada na margem direita do Rio Amazonas à aproximadamente 850km da foz. A granulometria, o teor em carbono orgânico e nitrogênio total, a razão entre o carbono e o nitrogênio (C/N), assim como o isótopo estável do carbono (δ13C) e do nitrogênio (δ15N) foram utilisados para este fim. Este estudo colocou em evidência que os sedimentos da várzea são finos, caracterizados principalmente pela presença de silte (médio à fino), seguido de argila e tem como principal fonte o Rio Amazonas e a Formação Alter do Chão. A presença de areia é pequena e extremamente localizada, próxima as áreas de deságue dos igarapés de terra firme que representam sua maior fonte. O teor de matéria orgânica nestes sedimentos varia entre 1,5 à 37% de carbono. Os resultados do isótopo do carbono (13C) e da razão C/N evidenciam a presença de matéria orgânica composta por diferentes fontes: material orgânico terrígeno, macrofítico, solos, material orgânico transportado pelo rio, e um componente fitoplanctônico.
Bioética da proteção e tratamento de doenças genéticas raras no Brasil: o caso das doenças de depósito lisossomal
Authors: Boy Raquel , Schramm Fermin Roland
Published: June 2009

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a moralidade do financiamento público das drogas órfãs, de altíssimo custo, para o tratamento de doenças genéticas raras, utilizando as ferramentas da Bioética, em especial o princípio da proteção, aplicável a indivíduos e populações vulneradas. Com base neste princípio, e considerando o contexto normativo constituído pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), argumenta-se sobre a obrigação moral do Estado de prover políticas públicas que assistam ao indivíduo portador de uma doença genética - como a de depósito lisossômico - e que pode, portanto, ser considerado, "vulnerado", bem como são sugeridas medidas que possam implementar e dar sustentabilidade a tais políticas com ênfase em questões de alocação de recursos, focalização e equanimidade.
Risky sexual practices among men who have sex with men in Northeast Brazil: results from four sequential surveys
Authors: Gondim Rogério Costa , Kerr Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo , Werneck Guilherme L. , Macena Raimunda Hermelinda Maia , Pontes Marta Kerr , Kendall Carl
Published: June 2009

This paper focuses on recent trends in risky sexual practices for HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil. Four cross-sectional surveys were conducted (1995, 1998, 2002, and 2005) among MSM 14 years or older who reported oral or anal sex in the previous 12 months. Sexual practices were considered risky whenever the respondent reported unprotected receptive or insertive anal intercourse in the six months preceding the interview. Different selection techniques were used to recruit the study population: snowball (1995, 1998, 2002 - 32%); time-space sampling (2002 - 68%); and respondent-driven sampling (2005). Analyses were based on the comparison between proportions. High rates of risky sexual practices were reported in 1995 (49.9%), decreasing in 1998 (32.6%), increasing again in 2002 (51.3%), and showing the lowest level in 2005 (31.4%). Participants with more schooling increased their risky practices from 1998 to 2002, decreasing in 2005. Among individuals with medium or low schooling, risky behavior declined from 2002 to 2005. The article highlights the need for behavioral surveillance to properly address STD/HIV prevention.
Ocorrência da Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda, Onchocercidae) em comunidades ribeirinhas do rio Purus, Município de Boca do Acre, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Jansen Fernandes , Py-Daniel Victor , Barbosa Ulysses Carvalho , Ogawa Guilherme Maerschner
Published: June 2009

Este estudo teve o objetivo de estimar as prevalências de Mansonella ozzardi e calcular taxa de infecção parasitária nos simulídeos. O trabalho foi realizado em comunidades ribeirinhas do rio Purus, Boca do Acre, Amazonas, Brasil. As prevalências foram obtidas por meio do método de gota espessa de sangue obtido por porção digital. Os simulídeos coletados foram dissecados para estimar a taxa de infecção parasitária. A prevalência de M. ozzardi foi de 27,3% (282/77). Foram observadas maiores prevalências nos homens (31,97%) que nas mulheres (22,22%), nos agricultores (48%) e nos indivíduos entre: 38-47 (60%), 48-57 (66,66%) e 58-67 (75%). A microfilaremia foi maior nos indivíduos entre 58-67 anos (média = 58,41mf/40µL), sexo masculino (41,44mf/40µL) e nos agricultores (49,94mf/40µL). Somente o simulídeo Cerqueirellum amazonicum foi encontrado infectado com taxa de infecção parasitária de 0,98%.
National equipment of intraoperatory gamma detection in the identification of sentinel lymph node in animal model
Authors: Santos Paula Cristina Fada dos , Santos Ivan Dunshee de Abranches Oliveira , Nahas Fábio Xerfan , Oliveira Filho Renato Santos de , Ferreira Lydia Masako
Published: June 2009

PURPOSE: To investigate a national equipment of intraoperatory gamma detection in the identification of sentinel lymph node. METHODS: Thirty young adult male rats were used. After anesthetized, animals were divided into two groups of 15 animals each. Animals from group A received dextram 500 - Tc99 radiopharmaceutical and patent blue V and those from group B received only patent blue V to map the lymphatic drainage. The presence of radiation in the background area, in the area of injection and of the ex vivo sentinel lymph node of group A were measured. After the exeresis, each lymph node in group A and in group B was mixed forming a new random sequence and the radioactive reading of each lymph node was carried out, using both pieces of equipment. RESULTS: The hottest sentinel lymph node was identified by the national equipment when radiation was measured in the area of limphatic drainage after the Dextran 500 was injected. Also, the ex vivo sentinel lymph node. The national equipment has also detected radiation in the lymph nodes that had not received radiopharmaceutical, leading to false positive, checked by the application of Mann-Whitney tests and Student's paired t-tests. The Cronbach alpha has shown high internal consistency of data 0,9416. CONCLUSIONS: The national equipment of intraoperatory gamma detection identifies the LS and showed false positives LS and needs improvement.
Esquizofrenia: dando voz à mãe cuidadora
Authors: Silva Gisele da , Santos Manoel Antônio dos
Published: June 2009

Objetivou-se investigar as repercussões desencadeadas na vida de mães cuidadoras ao longo do curso do transtorno esquizofrênico de seus filhos. Doze participantes responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada e suas narrativas foram examinadas por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. Foram encontrados sete eixos temáticos, cada qual apontando momentos, problemáticas e correlatos emocionais específicos: estranhamento, o estigma da loucura, a chegada ao consultório médico, o diagnóstico, resistindo ao tratamento médico, mudanças na vida, aceitação ou resignação. Os resultados evidenciaram a natureza invasiva do transtorno mental na vida da mãe cuidadora, a especificidade das sobrecargas vivenciadas em cada período do curso da esquizofrenia e a dificuldade encontrada na elaboração psíquica da condição do filho, mesmo após muitos anos do diagnóstico.
Satisfação de clientes sobre cuidados de enfermagem no contexto hospitalar
Authors: Lopes Juliana de Lima , Cardoso Maria Lucia Alves Pereira , Alves Vera Lucia de Souza , D'Innocenzo Maria
Published: June 2009

OBJETIVO: Descrever a metodologia utilizada para mensurar a satisfação do cliente externo com relação aos cuidados de enfermagem e apresentar o índice de satisfação destes clientes quanto aos cuidados de enfermagem. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, retrospectivo e abordagem quantitativa. realizado em uma instituição hospitalar de grande porte localizada na cidade de São Paulo, no período de dezembro de 2003 a outubro de 2005. O estudo foi elaborado a partir de dados fornecidos pelo Departamento de Marketing da Instituição. RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram que 99% dos clientes pesquisados (3.860) estão satisfeitos com os cuidados de enfermagem. CONCLUSÃO: A satisfação dos clientes é decorrente do atendimento às expectativas e necessidades atendidas pelos cuidados de enfermagem recebidos.
Extração de ecdisterona em raízes de ginseng brasileiro
Authors: Flores Rejane , Nicoloso Fernando Teixeira , Brondani Daniela , Maldaner Joseila , Cezarotto Verciane , Giacomelli Sandro Rogério
Published: June 2009

Este estudo teve como objetivo otimizar a extração de ecdisterona em raízes de ginseng brasileiro. Primeiramente, para se avaliar a eficiência do solvente extrator, amostras de raízes dois acessos (BRA e JB-UFSM) de P. glomerata foram extraídas em Soxhlet com metanol e clorofórmio, separadamente, durante 4 horas. No segundo ensaio, com o intuito de se escolher o método extrator, a extração foi conduzida em Soxhlet e em ultrassom, utilizando metanol como solvente. Em P. tuberosa, as amostras foram extraídas com metanol, e a extração foi conduzida em Soxhlet e em banho ultrasônico. O conteúdo de ecdisterona foi determinado em Cromatógrafo Líquido de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Em ambas as espécies, um maior conteúdo de ecdisterona foi detectado nas amostras extraídas com metanol e em Soxhlet. A metodologia proposta mostrou-se eficaz para a quantificação da ecdisterona a partir das raízes de P. glomerata e P. tuberosa, podendo ser aplicada no controle de qualidade de drogas vegetais e/ou fitoterápicos.
Prevalência do herpes-vírus humano tipo 1 em neoplasias cutâneas epiteliais malignas
Authors: Ypiranga Sylvia , Moraes Aparecida Machado de
Published: June 2009

FUNDAMENTOS - O DNA viral pode atuar como oncogene, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de neoplasias, como as linfoides e da pele. Entre esses vírus, encontram-se alguns herpes-vírus humanos. OBJETIVO - Identificar a presença de DNA do herpes-vírus humano tipo 1 em neoplasias epiteliais pré-malignas,malignas e pele normal de indivíduos controle, avaliando seu papel na carcinogênese. MÉTODOS - Identificação, por reação em cadeia da polimerase, do DNA viral do tumor e pele sã de 41 pacientes e comparação com grupo controle, sem neoplasia. Análise estatística: Testes de Fisher e de McNemar. RESULTADOS - O vírus foi identificado em 20 indivíduos sem e em 21 com neoplasia. Destes últimos, 11 o expessaram apenas nas células tumorais. A diferença, entretanto, não foi estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÕES - Parece não haver relação direta entre o encontro do DNA viral na pele sã e na pele tumoral. Sua presença pode facilitar o desenvolvimento da neoplasia ou apenas coincidir de se localizar onde esta já ocorreu.
Maternidade: transformações na família e nas relações de gênero
Authors: Scavone Lucila
Published: June 2009

Este artigo faz uma reflexão sociológica das mudanças mais marcantes nos padrões e experiências da maternidade contemporânea, com base em estudos e pesquisas existentes, buscando situar o debate que tem sido construído em torno desse processo. Pressupõe que a escolha da maternidade é um fenômeno moderno consolidado no decorrer do séc. XX com o avanço da industrialização e da urbanização. Com mais acesso à educação formal e à formação profissional, as mulheres vão ocupar o espaço público, mantendo a responsabilidade da criação do(a)s filho(a)s, o que fez a maternidade se tornar uma escolha reflexiva, possibilitada pela contracepção (e concepção) moderna. Entretanto, essa escolha é marcada pelas relações de classe, de raça/etnia e de gênero. Conclui que estamos vivendo um período de transição para um novo modelo de família e maternidade, cujo substrato é o ideal de eqüidade na responsabilidade parental que, apesar dos avanços, ainda está longe de ser alcançado.
A subversão das paixões na primeira modernidade: entre psicopatologia e sabedoria
Authors: Silva Paulo José Carvalho da
Published: June 2009

Este artigo focaliza o caráter violento e subversivo das paixões da alma a partir da leitura de fontes médicas e filosóficas da primeira modernidade que examinam a natureza e a manifestação das paixões. Conclui-se que na época discutia-se as relações entre as psicopatologias e a violência do pathos, o que problematizava a noção que identificava saúde psíquica e sabedoria.
Estudo da economia de escala do setor de telecomunicações móveis do Brasil pós-privatizações
Authors: Vendruscolo Maria Ivanice , Wickstrom Alves Tiago
Published: June 2009

O setor de telecomunicações passou por significativas transformações estruturais, inovações tecnológicas e mudanças nos processos regulatórios nas últimas décadas, em nível mundial. A telefonia móvel brasileira seguiu a mesma tendência, desenvolvendo uma complexa estrutura oligopolista após a quebra do monopólio estatal. Inicialmente, com a abertura do mercado, foi adotada uma estrutura na qual a competição se dava entre operadoras de Banda A e B. Num segundo momento, com o cumprimento das metas de universalização, previstas pelo novo modelo de telecomunicações brasileiro, a concorrência entre as operadoras foi intensificada, com a entrada das operadoras de Banda D e E. Dadas as mudanças ocorridas na estrutura de mercado do setor de telefonia brasileiro, no período pós-privatizações, este estudo teve por objetivo verificar se as operadoras de telefonia móvel brasileiras estavam usufruindo economias de escala por meio da análise da função de custo polinomial e das curvas de custos. A pesquisa foi de natureza aplicada do tipo documental, utilizando o método estatístico de mínimos quadrados com um modelo para dados em painel. Os resultados estimados da função de custos para o setor revelaram que a produção com base no número de clientes apresentou retornos crescentes e decrescentes de produção, evidenciando a existência de economias de escala no setor. Entretanto, o setor encontrava-se com um número excessivo de empresas, dada a demanda do mercado para que as empresas de telefonia móvel brasileiras pudessem usufruir os benefícios dos ganhos de escala.
High expression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors in the vascular bed of urinary tract cancers: promising candidates for vascular targeting applications
Authors: Fleischmann Achim , Waser Beatrice , Reubi Jean Claude
Published: May 2009

Tumoral gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptors are potential targets for diagnosis and therapy using radiolabeled or cytotoxic GRP analogs. GRP-receptor overexpression has been detected in endocrine-related cancer cells and, more recently, also in the vascular bed of selected tumors. More information on vascular GRP-receptors in cancer is required to asses their potential for vascular targeting applications. Therefore, frequent human cancers (n=368) were analyzed using in vitro GRP-receptor autoradiography on tissue sections with the 125I-[Tyr4]-bombesin radioligand and/or the universal radioligand 125I-[d-Tyr6, β-Ala11, Phe13, Nle14]-bombesin(6–14). GRP-receptor expressing vessels were evaluated in each tumor group for prevalence, quantity (vascular score), and GRP-receptor density. Prevalence of vascular GRP-receptors was variable, ranging from 12% (prostate cancer) to 92% (urinary tract cancer). Different tumor types within a given site had divergent prevalence of vascular GRP-receptors (e.g. lung: small cell cancer: 0%; adenocarcinoma: 59%; squamous carcinoma: 83%). Also the vascular score varied widely, with the highest score in urinary tract cancer (1.69), moderate scores in lung (0.91), colon (0.88), kidney (0.84), and biliary tract (0.69) cancers and low scores in breast (0.39) and prostate (0.14) cancers. Vascular GRP-receptors were expressed in the muscular vessel wall in moderate to high densities. Normal non-neoplastic control tissues from these organs lacked vascular GRP-receptors. In conclusion, tumoral vessels in all evaluated sites express GRP-receptors, suggesting a major biological function of GRP-receptors in neovasculature. Vascular GRP-receptor expression varies between the tumor types indicating tumor-specific mechanisms in their regulation. Urinary tract cancers express vascular GRP-receptors so abundantly, that they are promising candidates for vascular targeting applications.
Quantitative Bayesian predictions of source water concentration for QMRA from presence/absence data for E. coli O157:H7
Authors: Petterson S. R. , Dumoutier N. , Loret J. F. , Ashbolt N. J.
Published: June 2009

A hierarchical Bayesian framework was applied for describing variability in pathogen concentration (with associated uncertainty) from presence/absence observations for E. coli O157:H7. Laboratory spiking experiments (method performance) and environmental sample assays were undertaken for a surface drinking water source in France. The concentration estimates were strongly dependent upon the assumed statistical model used (gamma, log-gamma or log-gamma constrained), highlighting the need for a solid theoretical basis for model choice. Bayesian methods facilitate the incorporation of additional data into the statistical analysis; this was illustrated using faecal indicator results of E. coli (Colilert®) to reduce the posterior parameter uncertainty and improve model stability. While conceptually simple, application of these methods is still specialised, hence there is a need for the development of data analysis tools to make Bayesian simulation techniques more accessible for QMRA practitioners.
Esterifications in Ionic Liquids with 1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Cation and Hydrogen Sulfate Anion: Conversion and Phase Equilibrium
Authors: Naydenov Deyan , Hasse Hans , Maurer Gerd , Bart Hans-Jörg
Published: May 2009

The esterification of ethanol, 1-propanol and 1-butanol with acetic acid in three ionic liquids with HSO4
- anion and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation was investigated. The ionic liquids are 1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate
[HMIM][HSO4], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium
hydrogen sulfate [BMIM][HSO4], which have catalytic activity. Data and modeling on the reaction conversions and the
distribution of the compounds between the phases is reported here. Trends for the change in the liquid-liquid equilibrium,
with parameters like alkyl chain length on the cation or the alcohol, are discussed and used to estimate the phase behavior
of similar esterification systems.
Principal and Expert Agent
Authors: Malcomson James M
Published: May 2009

This paper analyses principal-agent contracts when the risk-averse agent's action generates information that is not directly verifiable but is used to make a risky decision in a formulation more general than previously studied. It focuses on the impact on the decision made and the contract used, establishing a necessary and sufficient condition for the principal to gain by distorting decisions away from what is efficient and conditions under which there is no conflict between incentives to make decisions and to take action. Applications to investing in a risky project and bidding to supply a good or service illustrate those results.
Caregivers' decisions on placement of family members in long-term care facilities in japan: Analysis of caregiver interviews
Authors: Tamiya Nanako , Chen Li-Mei , Sugisawa Hidehiro
Published: May 2009

Factors influencing caregivers' decisions to place their older family members in nursing homes were explored. Data were based on interviews with primary caregivers, and patient records of a Geriatric Intermediate Care Facility during the eight-year data collection period. Findings show
that over half of the primary caregivers (55%) decided to place their older family member in a nursing home due to their incapability of providing care rather than the older adult's declining physical or cognitive functioning. Although it is reported that the Japanese, whose culture is embedded
in filial piety, stigmatize the notion of placing their older adults in nursing homes, results of this study suggest their attitudes may be changing. Practice implications for healthcare professionals based on findings are provided.
Psychosocial Impact of Dental Esthetics on Quality of Life in Adolescents
Authors: de Paula, Júnior Delcides F. , Santos Nádia C. M. , da Silva Érica T. , Nunes Mariade Fátima , Leles Cláudio R.
Published: May 2009

Objective: To test the hypothesis that several dimensions of the self-perceived psychosocial impacts of dental esthetics are not associated with grades of malocclusion, oral health–related quality-of-life measures, and body self-image in adolescents.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 301 adolescents (mean age 16.1 ± 1.8 years, 58.1% female subjects). Demographic data were collected and dental conditions were assessed. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used for assessment of malocclusion and determination of orthodontic treatment needs. The short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ), and the Body Satisfaction Scale (BSS) were used to measure adolescents' self-perceived variables.

Results: All variables (DAI, OHIP-14, and BSS) were correlated with PIDAQ (P < .001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed significant associations (P < .001) of independent variables with the total score of PIDAQ (R2 = 0.29) and dental self-confidence (R2 = 0.30), social impact (R2 = 0.14), psychological impact (R2 = 0.23), and esthetic concern (R2 = 0.13).

Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. A broad range of adolescents' self-perceived impact of dental esthetics is influenced by severity of malocclusion, oral health–related quality of life, and body satisfaction.
Influence of First Premolar Extraction on Mandibular Third Molar Angulation
Authors: Jain Suruchi , Valiathan Ashima
Published: May 2009

Objective: To compare the angular changes in the developing mandibular third molars in both first premolar extraction and nonextraction cases and to determine whether premolar extraction results in a more mesial movement of the mandibular buccal segment and causes favorable rotational changes in the mandibular third molar tilt, which can enhance later eruption of the third molars.

Materials and Methods: Pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) panoramic radiographs were taken of 25 subjects who had been treated by the extraction of all the first premolars and 25 subjects who had been treated with nonextraction. The horizontal reference plane was used to measure and compare the changes in the angles of the developing mandibular third molars.

Results: The mean uprighting of the mandibular third molars seen in the extraction group was 8.2 ± 5.4 degrees on the left side and 6.3 ± 6.5 degrees on the right side following treatment (T2 − T1). For the nonextraction group the mean difference was 1.3 ± 4.3 degrees on the left side and 1.7 ± 5.4 degrees on the right side. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (P = .012 on the right side and P < .001 on the left side).

Conclusions: Premolar extractions had a positive influence on the developing third molar angulations. Nonextraction therapy did not have any adverse effects.
Stepwise Advancement Herbst Appliance versus Mandibular Sagittal Split Osteotomy
Authors: Chaiyongsirisern A. , Rabie A. Bakr , Wong Ricky W. K.
Published: May 2009

Objective: To compare the treatment effects and long-term stability of the stepwise Herbst appliance and mandibular sagittal split osteotomy in skeletal Class II adult patients.

Materials and Methods: Subjects comprised 16 patients in the Herbst group and another 16 patients in the surgery (mandibular sagittal split osteotomy) group. Lateral head films were taken before treatment (T0), after removal of the Herbst appliance/surgery (T1), after the fixed appliance treatment (T2), and 3 years after treatment (T3). All films were analyzed by standard cephalometrics and SO-analysis (analysis of changes in sagittal occlusion).

Results: All Herbst and surgery patients were treated successfully to Class I occlusal relationships with normal overjet and overbite. Both groups showed a significant change in mandibular base advancement (SNB, SNPg, Pg/OLp), which resulted in a decrease in the ANB angle, the Wits appraisal, and facial convexity. However, the surgery group showed larger changes in the parameters mentioned above. In terms of long-term stability, both groups achieved stable results, and no significant difference occurred over time.

Conclusion: Stepwise advancement Herbst appliance therapy can be used to treat borderline skeletal Class II adult patients with long-term stability.
MMP-2, MMP-9, and iNOS Expression in Human Dental Pulp Subjected to Orthodontic Traction
Authors: Leone Angelo , Mauro Annamaria , Spatola Giovanni Francesco , Provenzano Salvatore , Caradonna Carola , Gerbino Aldo , Buscemi Maria
Published: May 2009

Objective: To test the hypothesis that some metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) enzymes in dental pulp samples do not vary when subjected to orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods: Human dental pulps were taken from male and female patients (N=10; age 10–14 years). A straight wire technique was used with nickel-titanium or steel archwires. The increase of pressure applied on teeth was gradual. Five patients were subjected to premolar extractions after 14 months of treatment and one after 24 months. Samples were Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and afterwards processed for immunohistochemistry using anti-MMP-2, anti-MMP-9, and anti-iNOS antibodies.

Results: A reduction of MMP-2, MMP-9, and iNOS expression occurred in treated samples. This became more evident with increased treatment time.

Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. The reduction of expression of those proteins revealed a time-dependent relationship.
Microbiologic Changes in Subgingival Plaque After Removal of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
Authors: Choi Dong-Soon , Cha Bong-Kuen , Jost-Brinkmann Paul-Georg , Lee Si-Young , Chang Beom-Seok , Jang Insan , Song Jae-Seok
Published: May 2009

Objective: To evaluate changes that occur in the subgingival microbiota after removal of fixed orthodontic appliances using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Materials and Methods: Thirty orthodontic patients (11 males and 19 females; aged 20 ± 7.3 yr) were included in this study. Subgingival plaque samplings were gathered from the disto-buccal gingival crevice of the left upper central incisors and the left lower central incisors, and from the mesio-buccal gingival crevice of the left upper first molars and the left lower first molars, at two different times: 2 weeks before appliance removal (T1), and 3 months after appliance removal (T2). DNA was extracted from the samples and the 16S rRNA-based PCR detection method was used to determine the prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Treponema denticola, which are considered as putative periodontopathogens.

Results: The frequency of positive sites at T1 and T2 was 65% and 43.3% for C. rectus, and 53.3% and 30.8% for E. corrodens, respectively. For the other bacteria, the frequency tended to be reduced between times.

Conclusion: Periodontopathogens during orthodontic treatment were significantly reduced within 3 months of appliance removal. However, how long it takes to return to the preorthodontic composition of the subgingival microbiota and whether it happens at all remain to be seen.
Glyconutrients and Perception, Cognition, and Memory
Authors: Stancil Atiya N. , Hicks Leslie H.
Published: May 2009

Neuropsychological tests were administered to 62 college students to assess the influence of glyconutrients on perception, cognition and memory in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced studies. Participants were given both a glyconutritional supplement and a control substance prior to testing. In Exp. 1, a Same-Different visual discrimination task, Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices, and the Stroop test were administered. In Exp. 2, simple and complex working-memory capacity were measured. Participants receiving the supplement performed significantly more accurately on the visual discrimination task and the first session of the simple working-memory test.