bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Populasi, One Child Policy dan Reformasi Cina
Authors: NIZMI YUSNARIDA EKA NIZMI
Published: July 2021

Abstract

One child policy has been implemented  in 1979 and the effects both  negative and positive clearly to women. One child policy is a simple China’s economic growth grand strategy that was design to reduce population growth, infrastructure problems,  labour and resources. This policy obviously effective in controlling almost all family just to have one child. The problem is that one child policy should be noted only just for short term, implemented for giving state to get its economic goals and to socialize the values of small family and not for long term solution.  Various critics defense this policy because of its unrespect and harmful for women and also breaking the human rights. This research analyze one child policy and its implications to decline labour ratio which threat economic stability because of aging population. China government  needs to be focus on the meaning of growth in wholistic and more understand that economic growth is also include better echievements in social politics and economic policy dimension. These dimensions will not be reached if the government keep going its attention only on liberalization and modal accumulation.

 

Keywords: Population Policy, One Child Policy, Family Planning, Economic Growth.

 

Sejak One Child Policy diimplementasikan pada tahun 1979, terlihat dengan jelas pengaruh positif dan negatifnya terhadap kaum perempuan. Kebijakan satu anak adalah salah satu bagian sederhana dari grand strategi pertumbuhan ekonomi Cina, yang dirancang untuk membatasi pertumbuhan populasi  dan mengurangi tekanan infrastruktur, ketenagakerjaan dan sumberdaya.  Kebijakan ini efektif dalam membatasi  hampir semua keluarga hanya memiliki satu anak. Masalahnya adalah bahwa kebijakan ini harus dipandang sebagai sebuah program jangka pendek, diimplementasikan untuk memberi negara kesempatan mencapai tujuan-tujuan ekonominya dan membantu mensosialisasikan nilai dari keluarga kecil, dan bukan sebagai solusi jangka panjang untuk tekanan ekonomi. Kritik terhadap kebijakan ini sudah banyak bermunculan, kebijakan ini membahayakan kaum perempuan dan implikasinya melanggar hak asasi manusi. Tulisan ini menganalisa posisi kebijakan satu anak dan implementasinya yang banyak mendapatkan pertentanga dan penurunan rasio tenaga kerja yang pensiun yang dapat mengancam stabilititas ekonomi Cina karena persoalan “aging population”. Pemerintah Cina perlu untuk memfokuskan makna pertumbuhan secara holistik dan lebih memahami bahwa pertumbuhan juga mencakup pencapaian yang lebih baik dalam dimensi sosial, politik, dan kebijakan ekonomi.  Dimensi-dimensi ini tidak akan dapat dicapai jika pemerintah terus melanjutkan perhatiannya hanya pada liberalisasi dan akumulasi modal.

 

Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Populasi, Kebijakan satu anak, Perencanaan Keluarga, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi
STRATEGI BUDAYA SUNDA MENHADAPI GLOBALISASI BUDAYA POPULER : STUDI TENTANG KESENIAN DAERAH JAWA BARAT MENURUT PERSPEKTIF KEAMANAN KULTURAL
Authors: Nur Alam Gilang , Nurhasan Affandi RMT , Sudirman Arfin
Published: July 2021

Proses globalisasi saat ini telah menghasilkan budaya global yang tanpa disadari telah diterima di berbagai negara, tidak terkecuali Indonesia. Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara yang memiliki kemajemukan dalam budaya juga tidak terlepas dari ancaman budaya global yang senantiasa dapat menggeser atau bahkan menghilangkan eksistensi budaya nasional yang sudah menjadi kebanggaan bangsa Indonesia. Tujuan dari riset yaitu untuk memahami proses globalisasi budaya populer dapat menggeser eksistensi dari budaya lokal dan memberikan pemikiran untuk mensikapi pergeeseran budaya tersebut menurut perspektif keamanan kultural dengan memfokuskan pada persoalan produk budaya populer yang direpresentasikan melalui permainan modern bagi anak anak, yang kehadirannya menggeser keberadaan dari permainan tradisional sebagai bagian dari budaya bangsa. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan sekuritisasi terhadap budaya nasional (permainan tradisional) artikel ini menunjukan bahwa eksistensi permainan tradisional (kaulinan barudak sunda) sebagai bagian dari budaya nasional tergantikan oleh pemainan modern sebagai produk budaya populer. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kesadaran bagi masyarakat dan pemerintah untuk lebih memikirkan tentang pelestarian pemainan tradisional agar tidak mengalami kepunahan.
KONTRIBUSI INDONESIA DALAM HUBUNGAN SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION PERIODE 2016-2018
Authors: Dzikri Naufal
Published: July 2021

Indonesia as a developing country that embraces foreign policy that is free and active, participates in the development of other developing countries in South-South Cooperation. This participation is also stated in the mandate for the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution to enhance Indonesia's role in international development cooperation. Indonesia's contribution is an interesting thing to discuss because Indonesia as one of the developing countries contributes quite significantly to other countries. In this journal, it uses qualitative research methods which are sourced from existing literature and data. The results of this discussion can be seen that the assistance that Indonesia provides is more in the form of services and in the form of seminar programs. This discussion focuses on the assistance that Indonesia provided during the period of President Joko Widodo, especially in 2016-2018. The focus of the assistance that Indonesia provides is Asian countries, especially the South Pacific region. This is because there is an interest that Indonesia carries in carrying out SSC assistance for the region.

Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara berkembang yang menganut politik luar negeri yang bersifat bebas dan aktif, turut serta dalam pembangunan negara berkembang lainnya dalam South-South Cooperation. Partisipasi ini juga seperti yang tertuang dalam amanat Pembukaan UUD 1945 untuk meningkatkan peran Indonesia dalam kerja sama pembangunan internasional. Kontribusi Indonesia menjadi hal yang menarik untuk dibahas karena Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara berkembang memberikan kontribusi yang cukup berpengaruh bagi negara lainnya. Jurnal ini dalam pembuatannya menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang bersumber kepada literature maupun data-data yang sudah ada. Hasil dari pembahasan ini dapat dilihat bahwasannya bantuan yang Indonesia berikan lebih bersifat berupa jasa dan berbentuk program-program seminar. Pembahasan ini berfokus pada bantuan yang Indonesia berikan pada masa Periode Presiden Joko Widodo, khususnya pada tahun 2016-2018. Fokus dari bantuan yang Indonesia berikan adalah negara Asia khususnya kawasan Pasifik Selatan. Hal ini karena terdapat kepentingan yang Indonesia bawa dalam melakukan bantuan SSC bagi kawasan tersebut.
Peran UN Special Agency dalam Krisis Pengungsi Suriah: ILO dan Masalah Pekerja Anak Pengungsi Suriah di Turki
Authors: Dinda Larasati
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini membahas tentang peran organisasi internasional yaitu ILO dalam mengatasi permasalahan pekerja anak pengungsi Suriah di Turki. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan rumusan masalah “bagaimana peran ILO dalam mengatasi permasalahan pekerja anak pengungsi Suriah di Turki?”. Peneliti menggunakan teori peran organisasi internasional sebagai kerangka utama dalam penelitian ini dan menggunakan konsep human security sebagai konsep pendukung yang menjelaskan mengenai masalah pekerja anak sebagai salah satu isu kemanusiaan. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu telaah kepustakaan atau studi dokumentasi. Berdasarkan pada telaah yang dilakukan, hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ILO sebagai organisasi internasional yang bergerak dibidang ketenagakerjaan memiliki dua peran dalam upaya mengatasi permasalahan pekerja anak di Turki, yaitu sebagai arena dan aktor. Sebagai arena artinya ILO menjadi forum atau wadah bagi negara-negara anggotanya untuk bertemu, berdiskusi, merumuskan kebijakan, dan memecahkan permasalahan baik domestic maupun internasional. Sedangkan sebagai aktor independen artinya ILO memiliki kemampuan untuk membuat keputusan-keputusan sendiri tanpa dipengaruhi oleh kekuasaan atau paksaan dari luar organisasi.
ANALISIS MOTIF PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN REL KERETA API KUNMING-SINGAPURA (2015-2017)
Authors: Wirapratama Andi
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

 

China is popularizing the Belt Road Initiative or abbreviated as BRI, which is an ambitious development plan involving many regions throughout the world. One of BRI's projects is the construction of the Kunming-Singapore railroad track. BRI's motives are still confusing between the economy and geopolitics. Not to mention, there is a paradox in China's leadership statement regarding BRI as a political or economic foreign policy tool. As a result, the railroad project also has a mixed motive. This research attempts to uncover the motive of Kunming-Singapore Railroad construction project. This study tries to analyze this phenomenon with three concepts, offensive realism, commercial liberalism, and Giovanni Arrighi's capitalism mode. The results of this study show that the railroad project has economic and geopolitical factors behind it. Economic and geopolitical factors are both dominating and complementing China's decision to invest in this project due to changes in the structure of the domestic and international economy and to maximize wealth in order to become a Great Power.

 

Keywords:

ABSTRAK

 

Tiongkok sedang mempopulerkan Belt Road Initiative atau disingkat BRI, yang merupakan sebuah rencana pembangunan ambisius yang melibatkan banyak kawasan di seluruh dunia. Salah satu proyek BRI adalah pembangunan jalur rel kereta api Kunming-Singapura. Motif BRI saat ini masih simpang siur, antara ekonomi dan geopolitik. Belum lagi, ada paradoks dalam pernyataan kepemimpinan Tiongkok terkait BRI sebagai alat politik atau ekonomi. Walhasil, proyek jalur rel kereta api ini juga memiliki motif yang simpang siur. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengungkap proyek pembangunan Jalur Rel Kereta Api Kunming-Singapura. Penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis fenomena ini dengan tiga konsep, offensive realism, commercial liberalism, dan mode kapitalisme Giovanni Arrighi, Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa proyek jalur kereta api ini memiliki faktor ekonomi dan geopolitik yang melatarbelakanginya. Faktor ekonomi maupun geopolitik sama-sama mendominasi dan saling melengkapi keputusan Tiongkok untuk berinvestasi dalam proyek ini disebabkan karena perubahan struktur ekonomi domestik dan internasional serta berupaya untuk memaksimalkan kekayaan agar dapat menjadi Great Power.

 

Kata kunci: BRI; RRC; Kunming; Singapura; rel kereta api.
BRI as International Norm Construction of China's Green Development Strategy in Asia
Authors: Azzhary Muhammad Rio  , Hilfi Biyan Firza
Published: July 2021

For several decades, the environmental considerations have been one of a neglected aspect of China’s development process. The massive development and industrialization process have a direct impact on environmental degradation in China, causing considerable economic losses for this country. But now China is no longer a country with an image of development that is not environmentally friendly. That old image seems to be changing, from being not environmentally friendly to pay more attention to develop more “green” development. This change can be seen through the implementation of green development agenda on Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) mega-project. The project is not only China's economic instrument in expanding its market and investment but also can be seen as a tool to construct China's new norms in international level, especially in Asia. The new norm is green development. Thanks to BRI, China has positioned itself as one of the leading countries on the green development agenda. This paper will examine the extent of the changes have been taken place by using constructivism perspective through the Norm Diffusion Theory of Finnemore and Sikkink (1998). The norm diffusion theory will be elaborated from two aspects, first is the norm entrepreneur, and second is the norm life cycle. State actor and non-state actor roles of China are both important players and decision-makers for steering the BRI project on an expected track. Not only that, the establishment of the International Coalition for Green Development on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRIGC) at the beginning of 2019 reflects China's strong commitment to a green development agenda that appears to have been successfully internalized in the Asia region.
Uji Kombinasi Trichoderma dan Kompos terhadap Pembentukan Bintil Akar dan Produksi Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Amir Baso , Dermawan Satria
Published: July 2021

Pemberian trichoderma dan kompos merupakan salah satu cara untuk memaksimalkan fungsi perakaran dan ketersediaan hara untuk dapat diserap oleh tanaman sehingga mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian trichoderma dan kompos terhadap pembentukan bintil akar dan hasil tanaman kacang tanah. Penelitian menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali, sehingga terdapat 24unit percobaan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0: kontrol (tanpa trichoderma dan kompos); P1: trichoderma 40 gram+1 kg kompos; P2: trichoderma 60 gram+1 kg kompos; P3: trichoderma 80 gram+1 kg kompos; P4: trichoderma 100 gram+1 kg kompos; P5: trichoderma 120 gram+1 kg kompos. Parameter yang diamati yaitu jumlah bintil akar, jumlah bintil akar aktif, jumlah bintil akar tidak aktif, jumlah polong per tanaman, bobot polong per tanaman, jumlah polong hampa, jumlah polong isi, dan jumlah biji per polong per tanaman. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan menggunakan software SAS. Analisis dengan menggunakan analisis varian (Anova) pada taraf 5%. Apabila hasil analisis varian menunjukkan adanya beda nyata antar perlakuan, analisis dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak ganda Duncan Multiple Range Ttest (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian trichoderma dan kompos dengan dosis yang paling tinggi (P5: trichoderma 120 gram+1 kg kompos) diantara semua perlakuan terbaik pada jumlah bintil akar. Sementara dosis yang terendah P1 (trichoderma 40 gram+1 kg kompos) memberikan hasil tertinggi untuk komponen produksi (jumlah polong per tanaman, bobot polong per tanaman, jumlah polong isi, dan jumlah biji per polong per tanaman).
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION USING DC RESISTIVITY TECHNIQUE AT THE MALE HOSTEL OF ISA KAITA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION DUTSIN-MA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Akpaneno Aniefiok , Abdulwahab S.
Published: July 2021

A geophysical investigation involving Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger array was carried out at the Isa Kaita College of Education specifically at the Male Hostel. The aim of the investigation is to explore the groundwater contamination of the area with the objectives: to determine the depth to basement of the study area, to determine the aquifer thickness, to determine the depth to aquifer, to determine the conductivity of the aquifer and to determine the thickness of topsoil and its variation in resistivity. A total of four (4) vertical electrical soundings were carried out using Schlumberger configuration. Terrameter signal averaging system (SAS) model 300 was the instrument used. The survey area is dominated by mainly four layers, namely: Topsoil, Weathered basement, fractured basement. The value of VES 03 and VES 04 have high electrical conductivities which likely shows they are contaminated, The topsoil resistivity along the profile ranges from approximately 1 to 154, The depth to basement (basement topography) Varies from 4.94 m to 7.59 m, The thickness of aquifer range from  1 m to 6.8 m.  Therefore VES 02 has high Potential for groundwater because it has retaining capacity and good aquifer thickness and is therefore recommended for borehole establishment. It is recommended that the management of Isa Kaita College of Education should provide a concrete dumping site to avoid leaching of waste in ground thereby contaminating the groundwater.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BROILER CHICKEN BRANDS RAISED IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID ZONES OF NORTHERN NIGERIA USING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
Authors: Abdullahi A. Y. , Nasir M. , Khalee A. G. , Ashiru R. M. , Zango H. M. , Madaki S. , Ha H. C. , Ismail N. , Ahmad-Syazni K.
Published: July 2021

A sector of broiler production is growing very fast to meet the high demand of meat in Nigeria. However, high mortality rates among the broilers especially during the hot dry season in arid and semi-arid zones is worrisome. There is a need for molecular genetics study that could aid in management, conservation and sustainable exploitation of this species. To evaluate the genetic diversity of broilers raised in these regions, a total of forty-six broilers were randomly sampled from eight different brands (Agrited, Amo, Chi, Fol-hope, Obasanjo, Olam, Yammfy and Zatech) for mitochondrial DNA analysis. Four haplotypes were detected among all the samples used that belong to the four strains. The sequences of mitochondrial regions revealed high haplotype diversity (0.78600) and low nucleotide diversity (0.00286).  Lower genetic diversity observed may increase the chances of rapid disease infection and distribution during any disease outbreak. Introduction of new strains of broilers with high genetic diversity is highly recommended. Future study should be conducted on the performance of these strains during the extremely hot temperature period in arid and semi-arid zones of Nigeria. This is to provide reliable information for the sake of local broiler farmer’s benefit who invests largely on this sector. The study will also help the geneticists from these brands to develop a strain that could survive and perform excellently under severe climatic conditions of the rural areas of arid and semi-arid zones of Nigeria
SYNTHESIS, SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF 2-{[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino} nicotinic acid AND ITS Iron (II) COMPLEXES
Authors: Osigbemhe G. , Khan M. E. , Olusegun A. , Kabiru H. D.
Published: July 2021

Iron (II) complexes of 2-{[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl) methylidene]amino} nicotinic acid derived from o-phenylenediamine and 5- methoxysalicaldehyde were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, using  UV-Visible, IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR,  They were screened against known disease causative microbes to establish their effectiveness and efficacies as antimicrobial agents compared with national standards drugs, ampiclox and ketoconazole. Results showed that, the Schiff base exhibits antimicrobial action against all the bacteria and most of the fungi with exception of Candidas. albicans which exhibited naught diameter zone of inhibition. It was also found that the synthesized Schiff base exhibited two digits purity range, implying that it is relatively stable.  The metal complex was found to be more susceptible in overall biological activity than the Schiff base synthesized and studied due to their structural stability in relationship to its activity. This has opened another drug window for the remedy to human diseases caused by these microbes
The Policy to Optimization of Social Media for Traffic Management in Islamic Perspectives
Authors: Rachman Rio Febriannur
Published: July 2021

This study discusses on how information and communication technology-based policies in the field of transportation was carried out by the Department of Transportation, City of Surabaya, through the Surabaya Intelligent Transport System or SITS program. This research used the theory of technological determination and public policy as the basis of thought. In addition, the concept of maqâsid syari'ah was also used to consider how the implementation of this policy, towards the benefit or welfare for the society, in an Islamic perspective was done. Descriptive qualitative method with literature review approach was used as a framework for formulating conclusions. Data collection was carried out through searching literature and other documents related to the topic. The results of this study indicated that the SITS policy of the Department of Transportation, City of Surabaya, was running well and had positive impact. This public policy which utilizes digital media was in line with the concept of maqâsid syari'ah.
Kajian Filosofis Konsep Epistemologi dan Aksiologi Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Sa'adillah SAP Rangga , Winarti Dewi , Khusnah Daiyatul
Published: July 2021

The terms of epistemology and axiology in education are endless discussions. The descriptions of epistemology and axiology regarding the concept and its relevance to Islamic education increasingly show views on the horizon of Islamic education. This article aims to elaborate the concepts of epistemology and axiology in the perspective of Islamic education. To describe the terms of epistemology and axiology in the perspective of Islamic education, the method used in this article is literature combined with annotated bibliography as a guide for annotating literature and analyzing discussion. This article produces several elaborative discussions including epistemology as a philosophical way to formulate knowledge, it can help us to develop new concepts in Islamic education such as bayani, burhani and irfani. Meanwhile, axiology as a philosophical guide to capture the existence of values ​​can be used to reaffirm the essence of basic values ​​in Islamic education.
Dificuldades no acesso da comunidade surda à rede básica de saúde: revisão integrativa
Authors: Santos Maria Ines dos , Cavalcanti Águida Layse Oliveira , Barbosa Valquí­ria Farias Bezerra , Menezes Ronny Diógenes de , Barros Leite Salgueiro Cláudia Daniele , Silva Saulo Santos da
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura dificuldades acerca do acesso da comunidade surda aos serviços de saúde, no âmbito da atenção básica. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura no período de 2005 a 2020, realizada na base de dados no portal eletrônico da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e na Scientific Eletronic Library Online, com o seguinte questionamento: Quais as dificuldades enfrentadas pela população surda, na busca pelo atendimento em saúde na atenção primária? Utilizou-se como critério de inclusão, artigos científicos publicados nos últimos 15 anos, disponíveis na íntegra, em português ou inglês. Resultados: Foram identificados 14 artigos e, mediante análise, foram encontradas três principais dificuldades: barreira comunicacional entre surdo e profissional de saúde; escassez de profissionais capacitados e ausência de intérpretes de Libras nos serviços da Atenção Básica. Conclusão: As dificuldades encontradas na revisão evidenciam a necessidade de habilitação em Libras para os profissionais de saúde, bem como a importância da contratação de intérpretes de Libras para integrar os serviços de saúde com o intuito de atender às necessidades básicas dos surdos.
Cinesioterapia para melhora da qualidade de vida após cirurgia para câncer de mama
Authors: Domingos Helena Yannael Bezerra , Moreira Sarah Santos , Alves Mikael Santos , Oliveira Fernanda Bispo , Cruz Caroline Bomfim Lemos da , Silva Maiana Damares Santos , Martins Aline Silva Siqueira , Rett Mariana Tirolli
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O tratamento cirúrgico para o câncer de mama pode trazer limitações físico-funcionais e prejuízos na qualidade de vida (QV). Assim, a cinesioterapia representa uma possibilidade terapêutica para prevenir ou tratar estas disfunções. Objetivo: Comparar a QV antes e após 10 sessões de cinesioterapia. Métodos: Ensaio clínico não aleatorizado, envolvendo mulheres que realizaram 10 sessões de fisioterapia após cirurgia para câncer de mama. O protocolo incluiu alongamentos, exercícios ativos-livres e exercícios resistidos. A QV foi avaliada pelo questionário genérico European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC): o Quality of Life Questionnaire C-30 (QLQ-C30) e o específico, Breast Cancer Module (BR-23). Resultados: Foram incluídas 35 mulheres, sendo a mastectomia à esquerda o procedimento mais realizado. No QLQ-C30, foi observada melhora significativa da escala de função física (p = 0,01), desempenho funcional (p = 0,02), fadiga (p = 0,03), dor (p = 0,01), insônia (p = 0,02) e piora apenas de diarreia (p = 0,02). No BR-23, observou-se melhora significativa nos sintomas da mama (p = 0,01) e do braço (p = 0,01). Outros escores, como função cognitiva, social, dispneia, constipação, dificuldade financeira, imagem corporal e perspectiva futura, melhoraram sem diferença significativa. Conclusão: Após a cinesioterapia, observou-se melhora de diversos aspectos da QV. Maior tempo de seguimento e outros instrumentos de avaliação poderão mostrar ganhos adicionais.
Energy productivity of grain sorghum depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Pravdyva L.
Published: July 2021

In Ukraine, grain sorghum is an important grain crop used in bioethanol and solid fuel production. It stands out signifcantly from other grain crops by its economically valuable features, drought resistance, high productivity and universality of use. Grain sorghum is grown for use in the food industry (the main processed products are sorghum starch, glucosefructose syrups, alcohol, etc.), in fodder production and, more recently, in the energy industry. Therefore, the research of the elements of the cultivation technology, namely the sowing time and the depth of planting of grain sorghum seeds, is expedient and perspective. The article highlights the research results of the inﬂuence of the sowing time and the depth of planting seeds on the energy productivity of sorghum crops of the grain varieties ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and ‘Vinets’ in the Right-Bank ForestSteppe of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to establish the optimal sowing time and the depth of planting of grain sorghum seeds and to substantiate their inﬂuence on the crop energy productivity in condition of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2016–2020 at the Bilotserkivska Research Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It was found that the highest crop yield was obtained by sowing grain sorghum seeds in the 1st decade of May at a planting depth of 4–6 cm. At the same time, the grain yield of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 7.1–7.4 t/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 6.3–6.7 t/ha; the yield of biomass of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 40.2–44.4 t/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 37.3–39.5 t/ha. The highest bioethanol yield was obtained by sowing grain sorghum seeds in the 1st decade of May at a depth of planting of seeds of 4–6 cm. Cultivation of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety allowed to obtain 2.37–2.47 t/ha of bioethanol, the ‘Vinets’ variety – 2.08–2,21 t/ha. The yield of solid biofuel in this variant of the experiment was also the largest and amounted to 9.29–10.26 t/ha for the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety and 8.62–9.12 t/ha for the ‘Vinets’ variety. The total energy yield from the obtained biofuel of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 210.66–228.98 GJ/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 192.37–203.95 GJ/ha.
Key words: grain sorghum, varieties, sowing time, seeding depth, energy productivity.
Field germination and preservation of safower plants (Carthamus tinctorius L.) depending on the rowspacing width and seeding rate
Authors: Rozhkov A. , Demkov D.
Published: July 2021

Taking into account extremely important signifcance of feld germination and plant preservation for their growth and development, the level of cropping capacity and product quality, it is of interest to establish the dependencies of these indicators on the elements of cultivation technology that determine the level of competitive struggle in agrophytocenoses. The conducted research was aimed at determining the inﬂuence of various combinations of row-spacing width and seeding rate on the feld germination and the preservation of safower plants under conditions of the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with its typical frequent heat and drought during the spring-summer vegetation. The research was carried out during 2019–2020 on the felds of limited (liability) company “Kayari” Chuguievsky district of Kharkiv region. In a three-factor experiment, we studied two varieties of safower – Lahidny and Dobrynya, three variants of row-spacing width – 15, 30 and 45 cm, and fve variants of the seeding rate – 240 thousand pieces/ha, 270, 300, 330 and 360 thousand pieces/ha. Considerable diﬀerences in the main meteorological indicators in the years of research made it possible to more fully determine the eﬀect of row-spacing width and the seeding rate on the feld germination and plants survival of the studying safower varieties. Seeding rates in the studying range – from 240 to 360 thousand pieces/ha did not have a signifcant eﬀect on the change in the feld germination of safower seeds of both varieties. At the same time, there was a tendency to increase this indicator due to an increase in the seeding rate. In particular, on average for the varieties and the studying variants of row-spacing width, with an increase in the seeding rate from 240 to 360 thousand pieces/ha, the feld germination of safower seeds increased by 1.1 % – from 80.2 to 81.3 %. Preservation of safower plants of both varieties signifcantly decreased with an increase in the seeding rate from 330 to 360 thousand pieces/ha. In the range of the seeding rate from 240 to 330 thousand units/ha, only a statistically unproven tendency to reduce this indicator was noted. There was no considerable diﬀerence between the preservation indicators of safower plants on the variants with row-spacing of 15 and 30 cm. This indicates that on these variants of row-spacing width, variation of competition between plants depending on the seeding rate in the studying range does not lead to a signifcant decrease in plant preservation indicators.
Key words: safower, variety, row-spacing width, seeding rate, plant preservation, feld germination.
Environmental evaluation of nuclide pollution rate of podzolized chernozem after long land use
Authors: Nikitina O.
Published: July 2021

At present, the development of agriculture is impossible without the use of fertilizers which provide increased soil fertility and yields as well as improve the quality of agricultural products. However, it can lead to signifcant changes in the composition, properties and formation of arable soil regimes. First of all, the negative inﬂuence of fertilizer materials on the environment is related to their chemical composition and presence of ballast substances. The maximum permissible concentrations of chemical elements in the soil must be taken into account under applying fertilizer materials for each crop. The research was conducted under the conditions of a long stationary feld experiment using different levels of mineral fertilizers of N 45P45K45, N90P90K90 and N135P135K135. . The research results reveal that different doses of mineral fertilizers have an effect on the change of the specifc activity of radioactive isotopes in the soil (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs, 90Sr) in their long-running application (50 years). The specifc activity of radionuclides in podzolized chernozem and in winter wheat grain was established. Winter wheat plants accumulated 232Th most of all but the use of fertilizers reduced it due to biological dilution in larger mass of the crop. The absorption of radioactive nuclides by winter wheat grain after cultivation after peas and silage corn depended on fertilization varied similar to that of the clover predecessor. According to the specifc activity of radioactive nuclides in the soil and winter wheat grain, the coefcient of their biological absorption is calculated. Absorption of radionuclides by soil prevents them from moving through the profle and further penetration into groundwater. Thus, their specifc activity was two times lower at the depth of 40–60 cm than in the soil layer of 0–20 cm. This indicates that radioisotopes are fxed in the upper layers of the soil which in turn increases their entry into crop production.
Key words: radioactive isotopes, radium, thorium, potassium, cesium, strontium, specifc activity of radioactive nuclides.
Winter garlic variety cluster analysis under conditions of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Kubrak S. , Humeniuk Yu. , Us O. , Voloshyna O.
Published: July 2021

The issue of weather impact on vegetable crops plays an important role in the winter garlic productivity as it isn’t resistant to unfavorable to weather conditions, since it is cultivated in the felds located in the risky agriculture areas. The research aimed to study various winter garlic varieties and their yield formation pecularities, such as growing season, plant height, leaf area, leaf number per plant, bulb diameter and weight, number of cloves in one bulb. These test samples give the opportunity to form clusters that could give the highest garlic productivity under conditions of Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research has been conducted in the experimental feld of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University Training and Production Center (Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine). The winter garlic test samples were studied in accordance to the research methods of olericulture and melon growing [20]. The plant density is about 357 thousand plants per ha. The variety Prometei of Uman National University of Horticulture breeding was taken as a control sample. The research suggested that the samples of Liubasha yielded 13.2 t/ha and it was the best productive index, but the control samples of Prometei yielded only 10.8 t/ha. The varieties of Promin, Lidiia, Liubasha, Troika, Prometei (the control sample) turned out to be the most adapted to the conditions of Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Their stability index was 1.1. The biggest amount of marketable bulbs in the total yield belongs to the following winter garlic varieties: Dobrodii (98 %), Liubasha (98 %), Troika (98), Prometei (the control sample) (98 %), Saksky (97 %), Promin (97 %), Znakhar (97 %). The multidimensional analysis of winter garlic samples on 9 traits under Ukraine Right Bank Forest-Steppe conditions made it possible to classify them at the lowest level and to identify four clusters. The most common four representatives present all the diversity of studied varieties in 2018–2019. The varieties of Lidiia, Saksky, Promin, Prometei (the control sample) belong to this group.
Key words: varieties, cluster analysis, Euclidean distances, winter garlic, bulb weight, yield productivity.
Analysis of dairy productivity of cows of ukrainian brown dairy breed of different genotypes by kappa-casein
Authors: Ladyka V. , Sklyarenko Y. , Pavlenko Y.
Published: July 2021

In the herd of cattle of the Ukrainian Brown Dairy breed studies were conducted, the purpose of which was to study the influence of the genotype of cows by kappa-casein on the indicators of their milk productivity. Genotyping of 29 heads of cattle. Determination of the polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene was performed in the genetic laboratory of the Institute of Physiology n.a. Bogomolets of NAS using molecular biological analysis of allele recognition by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time. Allele A had a slightly higher frequency - 0.517 compared to allele B - 0.483 at the locus of the kappa-casein gene, although it was not significant. As a result, the proportions of AA and BB genotypes were high (38 and 34%, respectively). The performed genetic-statistical analysis revealed an excess in the kappa-casein locus of homozygous variants AA and BB and a lack of heterozygous AB. The degree of homozygosity, which is 50.1%, indicates a sufficient level of consolidation in the studied population of cattle. The number of effective active alleles in the kappa-casein locus of cows of the Ukrainian Brown Dairy breed is 1.99, with the maximum value of the level of polymorphism possible at a two-allele locus of 2. A negative heterozygosity test (HT) indicates a lower proportion of actual heterozygotes relative to the proportion of theoretical heterozygotes. The reason for the existing genetic structure of the herd of Ukrainian Brown Dairy breeds by the kappa-casein locus was the use of Swiss cattle breeders, most of which were not evaluated by the genotype of the kappa-casein gene. Studies of the level of milk productivity of cows of different genotypes by kappa-casein in the first lactation did not reveal a significant difference. At the same time, heterozygous (AB) animals were inferior to homozygous (AA and BB) in terms of milk yield, and animals with AA and AB genotypes were preferred in terms of quality. For the best lactation, a significant difference was found in the amount of milk yield and the amount of milk fat. Homozygous animals (AA and BB) significantly (p <0.05) outperformed heterozygous (AB) in milk yield, by 1091 and 922 kg, respectively. Animals with heterozygous AB genotype in terms of the average amount of milk fat were significantly inferior to homozygous AA and BB animals (p <0.05). The small number of experimental animals was one of the reasons for the discrepancy between the results of research and the data of other scientists. Key words: breed, milk yield, fat content, protein content, kappa casein, genotype, allele.
The pattern of Electrophysiological Abnormality in Long-Standing Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Experience at Referral Neurology Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Debnath Bithi , Hussain Md Enayet , Khan AFM Al Masum , Mian Md Ferdous , Islam Md Nahidul , Alam Md Badrul , Mohammad Quazi Deen , Chowdhury Rajib Nayan
Published: July 2021

Background: Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are the most objective measure of nerve function, and their use is recommended in the clinical and epidemiological evaluation of diabetic polyneuropathy.

Objective: This study was conducted to describe the pattern of electrophysiological abnormality in long-standing type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurophysiology at the National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2017 to June 2019. Among the one hundred and eight consecutive patients of type 2 diabetes with a duration of more than 10 years attending the Neurophysiology laboratory, patients were selected for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. NCS study of the right upper limb (median and ulnar nerves) and left lower limbs (tibial, peroneal, and sural nerves) were done. NCS of other nerves were also done when indicated.

Result: A total number of 92 patients were recruited for this study. NCS was abnormal in 56 (60.9%) patients. 43.5% (n=40) patients were male and 56.5% (n=52) patient were female. Among the 56 (60.9%) patients with abnormal NCS, most [35 (38%)] had mixed types (both sensory and motor) of neuropathy. In 28 (30.4%) patients, both demyelination and axonal involvement were present. The median nerve (46.7%) was the commonest nerve to be involved followed by the Sural nerve. In patients with elevated HbA1C, the axonal loss was more pronounced in the lower limbs’ nerves. Polyneuropathy (28.26%) was more than mononeuropathy (21.74%).

Conclusion: Most of the patients of type 2 long-standing DM developed a mixed type of polyneuropathy and elevated HbA1C was significantly associated with the axonal involvement predominantly in lower limbs’ nerves.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 10-13
Comparison of Laboratory Profiles of Cerebrospinal Fluid among Bacterial and Viral Meningitis Patients
Authors: Habiba Umme , Hossain Md Akram , Mahmud Md Chand , Bhuiyan Md Sirajul Islam , Rafique Md Ali Abdullah , Sultana Safia
Published: July 2021

Background: Laboratory profiles are important markers for the detection of meningitis.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare of laboratory profiles of cerebrospinal fluid among bacterial and viral meningitis patients.

Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2010 to January 2012 for around 2 years. Clinically suspected patients with meningitis from paediatrics wards of MMCH, Mymensingh, Bangladesh were included in this study. On the basis of cytological tests and biochemical tests of CSF the study subjects were categorized into three groups, which were identified as bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis and normal CSF. After collection of CSF, physical examination, routine bed side culture and appropriate biochemical tests were performed. Tests for protein and glucose of CSF specimens were performed.

Result: A total 115 clinically and laboratory confirmed meningitis patients were enrolled in this study. The most of the cases of study population were in the age group 1 month to 5 years 97(84.3%) cases. Regarding the physical findings of CSF, purulent was found 21(60.0%) cases in bacterial meningitis and 14 (40.0%) cases were slightly turbid. The mean with SD of total count of WBC was higher in bacterial meningitis (1623.1±1708.06/mm3) than viral meningitis (56.0±73.83/mm3) (p=<0.001). Again the mean with SD of glucose was lowest in bacterial meningitis which was 21.0±9.77 mg/dL followed by viral meningitis which was 63.6±20.22 mg/dL. (p<0.001). Considering protein of CSF the mean with SD was highest in bacterial meningitis which was 242.8±188.09 mg/dL followed by viral meningitis which was 69.6±84.67mg/dL (p<0.001).

Conclusion: In conclusion the WBC count, CSF glucose and protein are significantly differ in bacterial and viral meningitis.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 69-74
Minimal Accesss (TEP) versus Open Inguinal Hernioplasty: A Pragmatic Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Roy Ratna Rani , Saha Pankaj Kumar , Yusuf Md Abdulla , Saha Haridas , Hasan Md Ibnul , Saha Krishna Pada , Sarker Rajib Dey
Published: July 2021

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is the most frequently performed operation in general surgery. The standard method for inguinal hernia repair had changed little over a hundred years until the introduction of synthetic mesh. This mesh can be placed by either using an open approach or by using a minimal access laparoscopic technique.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare minimal access laparoscopic mesh techniques with open techniques in hernioplasty.

Methodology: This pragmatic randomized control trial was conducted in the Department of Surgery at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka from January 2014 to December 2015 for a period of two years. Patients at any age with both sexes who were presented with inguinal hernia were selected as study population. These patients were divided into two group designated as group A and group B. In group A inguinal hernia repair was performed by laparoscopic technique and in group B open technique was used to repair the inguinal hernia. The comparison was done between open and laparoscopic technique of inguinal hernia repair in terms of duration of operation, per-operative complication, immediate post-operative pain, numbness, duration of hospital stay and time of return to normal activities. Follow up was done from 6 months to 2 years.

Results: A total number of 200 patients were recruited for repairing of inguinal hernia. Duration of operation was longer initially in the laparoscopic groups (Laparoscopic approach 90 min vs. Lichtenstein approach 60 min). Post-operative pain was another important outcome to consider when choosing between laparoscopic and open repair of inguinal hernia. Laparoscopic repair had been associated with less post-operative pain than open repair. Operative complications were uncommon for both methods. Length of hospital stay was little shorter in laparoscopic group (laparoscopic 1-2 days vs. open technique 3-4 days); however, return to usual activity was earlier for laparoscopic groups (7 days) where open group: 20-30 days. The data available showed less persisting pain (Overall 8/80 versus 12/100) and less persisting numbness (Overall 3/80 versus 7/100) in the laparoscopic groups.

Conclusions: In conclusion, minimal access laparoscopic mesh technique is better than open techniques in inguinal hernia repair.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 75-78
Programa de estudios para una arquitectura sostenible y sensible al patrimonio
Authors: Palazzo Pedro Paulo
Published: July 2021

El desarrollo sostenible, la conservación del patrimonio y la práctica corriente de la construcción han divergido en sus métodos. Para solucionar esta disparidad, antes mismo que cambiar estructuras productivas, hay que educar a los arquitectos para mirar de modo integrado a estos tres aspectos. Para eso hace falta una nueva enseñanza universitaria de arquitectura, que privilegie los materiales naturales y locales, así como una mirada artesana hacia la construcción. Con eso se podrá superar la actual parcialidad de los arquitectos y de la industria por materiales de alto impacto ambiental en beneficio de prácticas ancladas en sus regiones. Planteo un programa de estudios capaz de realizar este propósito mediante el aprendizaje de las tradiciones vernáculas, con su enfoque holístico del desempeño ambiental y del respeto a las preexistencias.
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir plus ribavirin for Child-Pugh B and Child-Pugh C hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis
Authors: Liu Chen-Hua , Chen Chi-Yi , Su Wei-Wen , Liu Chun-Jen , Lo Ching-Chu , Huang Ke-Jhang , Chen Jyh-Jou , Tseng Kuo-Chih , Chang Chi-Yang , Peng Cheng-Yuan , Shih Yu-Lueng , Huang Chia-Sheng , Kao Wei-Yu , Yang Sheng-Shun , Tsai Ming-Chang , Wu Jo-Hsuan , Chen Po-Yueh , Su Pei-Yuan , Hwang Jow-Jyh , Fang Yu-Jen , Lee Pei-Lun , Tseng Chi-Wei , Lee Fu-Jen , Lai Hsueh-Chou , Hsieh Tsai-Yuan , Chang Chun-Chao , Chang Chung-Hsin , Huang Yi-Jie , Kao Jia-Horng
Published: July 2021

Background/Aims: Real-world studies assessing the effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) plus ribavirin (RBV) for Child-Pugh B/C hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis are limited.Methods: We included 107 patients with Child-Pugh B/C HCV-related cirrhosis receiving SOF/VEL plus RBV for 12 weeks in Taiwan. The sustained virologic response rates at off-treatment week 12 (SVR12) for the evaluable population (EP), modified EP, and per-protocol population (PP) were assessed. Thesafety profiles were reported.Results: The SVR12 rates in the EP, modified EP and PP were 89.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.5–94.2%), 94.1% (95% CI, 87.8–97.3%), and 100% (95% CI, 96.2–100%). Number of patients who failed to achieve SVR12 were attributed to virologic failures. The SVR12 rates were comparable regardless of patient characteristics. One patient discontinued treatment because of adverse events (AEs). Twenty-four patients had serious AEs and six died, but none were related to SOF/VEL or RBV. Among the 96 patients achieving SVR12, 84.4% and 64.6% had improved Child-Pugh and model for endstage liver disease (MELD) scores. Multivariate analysis revealed that a baseline MELD score ≥15 was associated with an improved MELD score of ≥3 (odds ratio, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.16–14.71; P=0.02). Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1 had more significant estimated glomerular filtration rate declines than patients with CKD stage 2 (-0.42 mL/min/1.73 m2/month; P=0.01) or stage 3 (-0.56 mL/min/1.73 m2/month; P<0.001).Conclusions: SOF/VEL plus RBV for 12 weeks is efficacious and well-tolerated for Child-Pugh B/C HCV-related cirrhosis.