bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra- and Inter-population Variability in Mamelon Expression on Incisor Teeth
Authors: Chegini-Farahini Sassan , Fuss Janet , Townsend Grant
Published: December 2018

Although rounded protubernaces referred to as mamelons are observes commonly on the crowns of newly-emerged human incisor teeth, there have been very few systematic studies of their expression. The main aims of this study were to describe the nature and extent of variation of mamelon expression on permanent incisors within and between two different human populations, and to quantify the contributions of genetic and environmental influences to observed variability. Mamelon expression was scored according to a 12-grade system described by Fitzgerald et al (1983) using dental models of 104 indigenous Australians, as well as 287 singletons and 175 pairs of twins of European descent. Over 90% of all incisors displayed mamelons, akthough the pattern of expression differed significantly between maxillary and mandibular arches, tooth types and ethnic groups. There were no significant differences in expression between sexes of antimeric teeth. A three-mamelon form was most common on maxillary and mandibular central incisors in both ethnic groups, but different expressions were observed on lateral incisors. Percentage concordances for monozygotic twin pairs were higher generally than those for dizygotic twin pairs, indicating that genetic factors play a role in determining the mamelon expression.
Tooth Crown Size of the Permanent Dentition in Subjects with Thalassemia Major
Authors: Hattab F. H. , Abu-Alhaija E. S. J. , Yassin O. M.
Published: December 2018

Thalassemia refers to a group of hereditary anemias resulting from defects in synthesis of either alpha or the beta polypeptide chains of hemoglobin. The homozygous form of beta thalassemia (thalassemia major) exhibits the most severe clinical symptoms. Odontometric analysis of subjects with thalassemia are lacking, despite the wide distribution of the disease and its orofacial characteristics. The aim of this study was to provide detailed descriptions of tooth crown size in the permanent dentition of subjects with thalassemia major and to compare the findings with those of the same population. Dental casts of 46 thalassemic subjects, 25 males and 21 females, aged 7.3 to 23.7 years, were measured for the mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters. Crown size variability, correlations, sexual dimorphism, and summary measurements are presented. All means for mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions in males exceeded those in females, with 18 of the 28 comparisons statistically significant (ranged from P<0.05 to P<0.001, t-test). With the exception of maxillary central and lateral incisors and mandibular first molars, all other teeth exhibited greated buccolingual diameters than mesiodstal. No specific pattern of percentages of sexual dimorphism was noted between the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters. Comparison of the mesiodistal crown diameters in thalassemic subjects with unaffected control group showed that thalassemic males and females have significantly smaller dimensions than their controls, with 9 of the 24 comparisons being highly significant.
A Comparison of Later Stage Dental Maturation in a Small Group of Children from Chernobyl and British Children
Authors: Liversidge H. M. , Rogers C. E. A.
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the dental radiographic development of a small group of children born in Chernobyl, Ukraine, around the time of the nuclear disaster with an age matched group of British children. The design was a cross sectional non random retrospective study consisting of five boys and five girls from Chernobyl (age range 10.03 to 12.37) and 20 age and sex matched British children of white Caucasian origin. Developing permanent mandibular teeth were assessed from rotational tomograms using criteria described by Demirjian, Goldstein and Tanner (1973). Third molar formation was also assessed. Dental age was calculated and compared to real age using a t-test. The difference in dental age (DA) and real age (RA) was not significant when the two groups were compared. Dental age in both groups of children was advanced compared to the standards. These results suggest that the Chernobyl disaster has not affected root formation of late forming permanent teeth of these children.
The Effects of Sexual Dimorphism, Asymmetry, and Intertrait Association on the Distribution of Thirteen Deciduous Dental Nonmetric Traits in a Sample of Pima Amerindians
Authors: Tocheri Matthew W.
Published: December 2018

One hundred dental casts of modern Pima Amerindian children, 50 male and 50 female, wereexamined for the presence and expression of thirteen deciduous nonmetric traits. The effects of sexual dimorphism,asymmetry, and inter-trait association on trait presence were examined to evaluate their utility in populationdistance studies. No statistically significant differences between the sexes were observed. The majority of examinedvariants displayed a strong trend toward bilateral expression and no statistically significant differences betweenantimeres occurred. These data support the hypothesis that strong genetic components coupled with negligibleenvironmental influences are involved in deciduous trait presence. Five statistically significant associations betweenvariants were detected. Four of these involved a combination of incisor and canine shoveling within and betweenjaws. This indicates that their combined use in biological distance studies violates the mathematical assumption ofindependence. The lack of significant sexual dimorphism and asymmetry in the deciduous discrete traits examinedherein supports their use in population distance analyses if precautions are taken to use non-associated traits.
Book Review: Dental Morphology 1998: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Dental Morphology
Authors: Lease Loren R.
Published: December 2018

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Book Review: Perspectives in Human Biology, Volume 4(3): Dento-Facial Variation in Perspective
Authors: Guatelli-Steinberg Debbie
Published: December 2018

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Book Review: Development, Function and Evolution of the Teeth
Authors: Newell Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2018

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Dental Asymmetry in a Late Archaic and Late Prehistoric Skeletal Sample of the Ohio Valley Area
Authors: Sciulli Paul W.
Published: December 2018

Dental asymmetry (directional, anti-symmetry, and fluctuating) is analyzed in samples from two prehistoric Native American populations: a terminal Late Archaic population (3200-2700 BP) and a Late Prehistoric population (ca. 750 BP). Both directional and fluctuating asymmetry were found in each sample. Directional asymmetry occurs in only four teeth in the Late Archaic sample and in two teeth in the Late Prehistoric sample. Neither sample exhibits the tendency for opposing arch dominance in directional asymmetry. Fluctuating asymmetry is significantly greater than measurement error for all teeth in each sample. However, contrary to expectations the Late Prehistoric maize agriculturists do not show an overall greater degree of fluctuating asymmetry compared to their forager ancestors. This result coupled with a survey of pathological conditions in these populations suggest that stress levels in Ohio Valley populations, at least that stress which affected dental developmental stability, were not drastically increased with the introduction of maize agriculture. Spearman correlations between relative tooth size variation (coefficient of variation), the magnitude of fluctuating dental asymmetry, and duration of time (per tooth) spent in soft tissue development were obtained for each sample. Coefficients of variation and fluctuating asymmetry are significantly correlated in both samples but fluctuating asymmetry is significantly correlated with duration of soft tissue development only in the Late Prehistoric population.
Dental Anthropology at the University of Geneva
Authors: Eades Suzanne , Desideri Jocelyne
Published: December 2018

This article presents research currently being conducted in the field of dental anthropology at the Department of Anthropology and Ecology of the University of Geneva, Switzerland. The first author, S. Eades, is carrying out a doctoral thesis on the familiality of dental morphological traits and their use as “familial” indicators in the case of multivariate and univariate analyses of interindividual distances. Her methods are based on the modern collection of Burlington (Ontario), and her results shall be applied to the Protohistorical necropolis of Kerma (Sudan) and the Neolithic multiple graves of Chamblandes (Switzerland). The second author, J. Desideri, began her graduate work on an interpopulational comparison of Swiss Neolithic populations based on their dental morphology. She is currently undertaking a doctoral thesis on the same problem, but tackling the whole of Europe.
Book Review: Primate Dentition: An Introduction to the Teeth of Non-Human Primates
Authors: Cooke Cathy
Published: December 2018

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Influence of Inbreeding on the Carabelli Trait in a Human Isolate
Authors: Lauc Tomislav
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of increased homozygosity due to inbreeding on the phenotypic distribution of the Carabelli trait. The sample consisted of 224 dental casts representing 20.2% of the total children aged 7 to 14 years from the endogamous, inbred population of the Island of Hvar, Croatia. Inbreeding analysis compared the children with different rates of grandparental endogamy relative to the expression of Carabelli’s trait. The design evaluated the effect of inbreeding on Carabelli trait on the maxillary permanent first molar within a natural setting of reduced variability of environmental factors.Very high frequency of the Carabelli trait was observed for the permanent first molar on both sides of the arcade (84% and 86% on left and right sides). Significant difference among the groups who have different degrees of inbreeding was found when Carabelli trait was divided into absent, negative features, and a positive cusp using Dahlberg’s grading system.It seems that Carabelli’s trait is strongly genetically determined, and present findings imply it may be controlled byrecessive alleles. If heterogeneous polygenic developmental modules are responsible for the diversity of Carabelli’s trait, they stay relatively stable after initiation of the developmental process when it appears that other environmental factors have no measurable effect.
Elongated Mandibular Premolar: A New Morphological Variant
Authors: Edgar Heather J. H. , Sciulli Paul W.
Published: December 2018

A previously unreported morphological variant, elongated premolar, is described and analyzed. The elongated premolar is mandibular and may affect the anterior or posterior premolar in the field. It appears phenotypically to be more rectangular (with the long axis mesiodistal) than ‘normal’ premolars. Dentitions of European Americans, African Americans, and an admixed group of Native African/European Americans were examined for the presence of this characteristic. Elongated premolars were found in 19 teeth in the 458 individuals included in the study. Mesiodistal diameter, buccolingual diameter, and cusp distance were measured for 14 affected and 22 unaffected anterior premolars. Principal components analysis shows that elongated and non-elongated premolars differ primarily in shape and not size, with elongated premolars attaining their overall shape due primarily to an increase in the mesiodistal dimension. Thus, the suggested description of this feature is elongated premolar (referring to the mesiodistal dimension), rather than compressed premolar (referring to the buccolingual dimension).
An Artificial Human Tooth from the Neolithic Cemetery at Gebel Ramlah, Egypt
Authors: Irish Joel D. , Bobrowski Przemyslaw , Kobusiewicz Michal , Kabaciski Jacek , Schild Romuald
Published: December 2018

Excavations at the Gebel Ramlah cemetery, in Upper Egypt’s Western Desert, have provided numerous data concerning mortuary practices of the local Final Neolithic period populace. Previous articles have chronicled treatment of disturbed inhumations, in which great care had been taken to recover and rebury all grave goods and skeletal elements including, most notably, dental remains. In several cases, the Neolithic gravediggers apparently went so far as to reinsert, or to in other ways reincorporate, teeth that had fallen from their alveoli during handling. This report describes and interprets a new find, i.e., an anatomically accurate, life-size shell carving of a human incisor, that provides additional insight into the apparent importance of teeth to these desert people.
Book Review: DENTAL MORPHOLOGY 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DENTAL MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Lease Loren R.
Published: December 2018

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Tooth Shape Deviations of Mandibular Premolars
Authors: Peck Sheldon
Published: December 2018

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Provenance of African-Born Individuals from the Colonial Cemetery of Campeche (Mexico) by Means of Trace Elements Analysis
Authors: Cucina Andrea , Neff Hector , Tiesler Vera
Published: December 2018

The present study investigates the issue of foreign provenance of African individuals buried in the early colonial cemetery of Campeche (Mexico) using multiple trace elements analysis from the first permanent molar. It rests on the assumption that, like for Strontium isotopes, the elemental pattern in the first molar reflects the hydro-geological environment the individual grew in. The individuals of African ethnicity were identified from their pattern of dental morphology. Twenty-eight individuals were analyzed in this context, eight of them supposedly Africans, while 15 were infants or early juveniles and five from the prehispanic site of Xcambó in northern Yucatán. The infants and juveniles were likely born in the area, thus serving as term of comparison for the |local” elemental pattern. The elements’ ppm concentrations of the 28 individuals were elaborated using Principal Components Analysis. Results tend to cluster the infants and some of the African individuals together, though the majority of the Africans tend to group. One African individual in particular separates well from all the others. Assuming that dietary components might interfere with the individuals’ distribution, only elements not related to diet were thus used, without different results from the previous analysis. Indeed, the elements correlating high with the first two components are non-dietary. Trace elements patterns indicate that some of the African individuals interred in the early colonial cemetery might have been born in other places, though we cannot infer on their place of origin, while others were probably born in the New World.
Dental Health Decline in the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia: The Role of European Contact and Multiple Stressors
Authors: Graver Sally M.
Published: December 2018

This study tests the hypothesis that thearrival of Europeans in Jamestown, Virginia, hada negative impact on the dental health of nativepopulations in the Chesapeake Bay. Data werecollected on three variables—dental caries, periapicallesions, and antemortem tooth loss—in a sample of 644individuals from four prehistoric (n = 500) and twocontact era ossuaries (n = 144) from the Potomac Creeksite in Virginia (44ST2). Statistical analysis reveals atrend of declining dental health for the post-contactsample (chi-square; P<0.05). The temporally latestossuary had the highest prevalence of all indicators.There is also a trend toward poor dental health forfemales relative to males. In particular, females havea higher prevalence of carious lesions and antemortemtooth loss than males. Sex differences in dental healthprobably correspond to sex-based differences in foodproduction and preparation in this setting, sincefemales likely ate more cariogenic foods. Multiplefactors likely explain the general pattern of decline indental health, including: (1) a change in diet involvinggreater consumption of carbohydrates, (2) increasedexposure to infectious pathogens, (3) warfare andother forms of conflict, (4) strain on resources, and(5) increased population density.
A Study of Cusp Base Areas in the Maxillary Permanent Molars of American Whites
Authors: Dinh Dustin P. , Harris Edward F.
Published: December 2018

The focus of this descriptive study was toexplore the patterns of variation of base crown areas forthe four major cusps on the maxillary first and secondpermanent molars in a cohort of contemporary NorthAmerican whites of western European descent. Acomputer-assisted photogrammetric method was usedto measure two-dimensional areas of the cusps. Rankingof mean cusp size was the same for M1 and M2, namelyprotocone > paracone > metacone > hypocone. In concertwith field theory, size decreased while variability (CV)increased across this same sequence. Overall area of M1(97 mm2) is 13% larger than M2 (86 mm2) in this sample.Most cusps exhibited significant sexual dimorphism,with greater differences for the distal cusps within atooth and from M1 to M2. Intercorrelations of cusp areaswere notably low (r2 < 15%) both within and betweenM1 and M2, suggesting considerable independence informative rates of each cusp and low morphologicalintegration of these constituents of the occlusal table.Limited comparative material in the literature suggeststhat cusp areas may valuably extend the quantitativecomparisons for genetic and biological studies beyondconventional tooth crown width and length.
Dental Indications of Polynesian Affinity for Prehistoric Rotuma Islanders, South Pacific
Authors: Turner II Christy G.
Published: December 2018

Human skeletal reburial, reasonable from a religious and personal point of view, nevertheless diminishes the physical record of human evolution. The present study preserves some information for a small but rare Pacific Basin skeletal assemblage. Prehistoric human tooth-bearing cranial and jaw fragments and loose teeth of probably 19 individuals excavated on Rotuma Island were examined for crown and root morphology. The purpose of the examination was to assess whether these individuals were morphologically more like Melanesians or Polynesians. Rotuma is in the Polynesian culture area north of the Fiji group, which exhibits archaeological and ethnographic evidence of colonists from both Oceanic populations. Polynesians belong to the Malayo-Polynesian language family, so if the Rotuma teeth are similar to Polynesians they should also be more similar to Southeast Asian teeth than to those of linguistically different Melanesians or Australians. Indeed, this seems to be the case, although the small Rotuma sample size reduces confidence somewhat in this finding of Rotuma similarity with Polynesians and Southeast Asians.
Torus Mandibularis: Etiology and Bioarcheological Utility
Authors: Hassett Brenna
Published: December 2018

Torus mandibularis is a non-metric traitcommonly recorded in bioarcheological investigationand often included in the battery of non-metric traitsused to analyse biological distance among populations.However, there is considerable debate regarding theetiology of the trait, with genetic and environmentalfactors both having been posited as the primary factorin torus development. This study of 498 individuals,drawn from eight archeological samples, investigatesthe variation in torus frequency in different groups asdefined by sample, age, sex, and measures of functionalstress. Frequencies varied significantly among bothsamples and dental attrition categories, supportingthe idea that mandibular tori are a threshold trait,influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.Results of this study suggest the utility of mandibulartori in bioarchaeology may lie outside of biodistanceanalyses that rely on the high heritability quotient ofnon-metric traits to establish population distances.
Book Review: Verwandschaftsanalyse im alemannischen Gräberfeld von Kirchheim/Ries (Analysis of Relationships within the Alemannic linear graveyard of Kirchheim/Ries
Authors: Muller Deann
Published: December 2018

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A Byzantine Cranium from Jordan: A Case Study in Dental Anthropology
Authors: Al-Shorman Abdulla
Published: December 2018

This study describes a Byzantine craniumfrom an archaeological site in Jordan (Khirbit Yajuz).This case study illustrates severity of the multiple dentalpathologies encountered and speculates on the causeof death. The 21-yers-old female of this study sufferedmultiple dental abscesses, where the accumulated pusreached the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinusesthrough a large fistula, probably causing septicemia thatmay have caused her early death. This case was selectedfrom among similar cases from the site, and it illustratesan extreme, progressive state of caries and the absenceof dental hygiene.
A Longitudinal Study of Continued Tooth Eruption During Adulthood
Authors: Harris Edward F. , Shiloah Yoav
Published: December 2018

Teeth retain their capacity to continue toerupt throughout life. What is less-well appreciated isthat occlusal migration—with corresponding alveolarproliferation—continues as a normal process duringadulthood. Historically, this continuous eruption hasbeen viewed as accommodative for the loss of crownheight due to serious occlusal abrasion. Nowadays,with only trivial wear, the result of continuous eruptionis to increase lower face height during adulthood. Thisstudy reports on changes in the mandibular first andsecond molars in 73 Americans whites (63 females)examined at 17 and again at about 31 years of age.A computer-assisted method was used to measurealveolar and dental changes using the inferior alveolarcanal as a fiducial benchmark. Each molar’s imagewas scaled to the mesiodistal molar crown dimensionmeasured from that subject’s dental cast. Major findingswere: Both lower molars erupted during adulthoodto statistically significant extents, more so in men.Alveolar bone proliferated apace with the coronal toothmigration, so the CEJ-to-crestal bone distance did notchange in these healthy, young, dentate adults. First andsecond molar roots increased in length, apparently bythe progressive deposition of cementum. Prior studieshave documented continuous eruption in peoples withsevere occlusal wear; this study shows that comparableincreases occur without any macroscopic loss of toothsubstance. These normative changes that—assumedlyoccur in both jaws—have discernible, cumulativeeffects on lower face height and facial proportions inadulthood.
Dental Nonmetric Traits in a Pre-Conquest Sample from Chubut Region of Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Bollini Gabriel A. , Rodríguez-Flórez Carlos David , Colantonio Sonia E.
Published: December 2018

Dental morphological trait expressionshave been used in anthropology and forensic sciences fordetermination of biological and geographical affiliations.The present study was carried out with a Chubut preconquestsample from Patagonia, Argentina. 18 skullswith partial dentitions from Chubut (Patagonia) wereanalyzed. The ASU Dental Anthropology System wasused to register the expression grade of all dental traits.In spite of small sample sizes, we can conclude thatshovel shape (UI1, UI2), two lingual premolar cusps(UP1, UP2), and hypocone (UM1, UM2) frequenciessuggest a Mongoloid (Sinodont) origin.
Book Review: Dental Perspectives on Human Evolution: State-of-the-Art Research in Dental Paleoanthropology.
Authors: Lukacs John R.
Published: December 2018

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Brief Communication: A Unique Dental Resource: The Odontological Collection at the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Authors: Farrell Milly
Published: December 2018

This report describes the development of a searchable electronic data base of the dentally-relevant holdings of the Royal College of Surgons of England. This odontological collection is accessible through the world wide web at http://surgicat.rcseng.ac.uk/. Highlights of a few of the holdings are described here along with information for accessing the collection.
Alice “Sue” Marie Frances Haeussler (1932-2009)
Authors: Turner II Christy G.
Published: December 2018

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American Black-White Differences in Primary Tooth Crown Shape: The Crown Index
Authors: Harris Edward F. , Barcroft Betsy D.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this tooth-size study was to compare the crown index—the ratio of buccolingal to mesiodistal crown size—in the primary teeth of contemporary American blacks and whites. Maximum MD and BL drown dimensions were obtained with sliding calipers from dental casts of children attending the graduate pedodontic and orthodontic clinics at the University of Tennessee, Memphis (n = 226). The crown index (BL/MD times 100) was calculated for all 10 tooth types (left and right sides were averaged prior to calculation). Only the maxillary first molar exhibited a significant sex difference (girls have a higher crown index). In contrast, 9 of the 10 tooth types have signficantly higher crown indices in blacks than whites. Analysis of the MD and BL crown diameters reveals that the race differencs are due exclusively to differences in mesiodistal crown lengths; the buccolingual crown breadths do not differ between these two races. Consequently, the crown indices are higher in blacks because of their larger MD dimensions. Differences in the indices conform to prior findings that American blacks have larger tooth crowns than whites in both the primary and permanent dentitions, and this study shows that the differences are due to the MD not the BL crown axis. Study of the crown components will shed light on how the crown shapes differ between these two races.
A unique case of mandibular osteomyelitis arising from tooth germ infection in a 7,000-year-old infant from Siberia
Authors: Waters-Rist Andrea L.
Published: December 2018

Excavations from a 7,000-year-old mortuary site in the Lake Baikal region of Siberia, Russian Federation, revealed an infant with osteomyelitis of the mandible. The lesion exhibits deformation of the anterior mandibular base, an extra-oral cloaca, and new periosteal bone layers on the corpus. Entry of oral microorganisms was likely via the deciduous left canine, with infection then concentrated around the forming permanent canine tooth germ. This infection route is not widely documented in paleopathology and the pathogenicity of oral microorganisms is discussed. This unique case is one of the oldest examples of infant osteomyelitis of the jaws, adding to our understanding of the antiquity and development of infectious diseases in humankind.
2011 Dahlberg Award Winner Evaluation of the utility of deciduous molar morphological variation in great ape phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Hardin Anna M. , Legge Scott S.
Published: December 2018

Non-metric dental traits are well-established tools for anthropologists investigating population affiliation and movement in humans. Nonetheless, similar traits in the great apes have received considerably less attention. The present study provides data on non-metric trait variability in the deciduous molars of great apes from museum context. Twenty-eight traits are observed in the upper and lower deciduous molars in specimens of Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, Gorilla gorilla, and Gorilla beringei. These groups are compared based on trait frequencies and mean measures of divergence. This study demonstrates the variability of non-metric traits in the deciduous molars of chimpanzees and gorillas. These traits could potentially be used in the same way that non-metric traits are in humans, namely group affiliation and population movements through time. Further, this study establishes scoring guidelines and methodology relevant to deciduous dental morphological characteristics found in the great apes, but not necessarily in humans.
The development of the mammalian dentition as a complex adaptive system
Authors: Brook Alan H. , Hughes Toby E. , Townsend Grant C. , Smith Richard N. , Brook O'Donnell Matthew D.
Published: December 2018

General characteristics of Complex Adaptive Systems include self-adaptation and or-ganisation, emergence, multitasking, robustness, critical phases, diversity and compatibility with such statistical models as Thresholds and Scale Free Networks. The aim was to investigate wheth-er dental development exhibits the general and statistical characteristics of a Complex Adaptive System, by examining data on normal and abnormal dental development. The findings were that self-adaptation and organisation occur while interactions between genes, epigenetic and environmental factors lead to the emergence of cells, tooth germs and mineralised teeth. Multitasking occurs as signalling pathways act simultaneously and reiteratively during initiation and morphogenesis. Tooth germs that do not attain a critical threshold during development may undergo apoptosis. Diversity is evident in tooth number, size, shape and mineralisation. Statistical investigation shows that males have significantly larger teeth and higher prevalences of megadontia and supernumerary teeth (p<0.05), supporting Brook’s Threshold Model which is further developed here to include shape. Image Analysis of tooth dimensions showed they followed a Power Law distribution, with the first 8 of 34 factors in upper lateral inci-sors accounting for 94.4% of the total variation. In conclusion, the development of the dentition shows the general and statistical characteristics of a Complex Adaptive System.
A fool’s mission? A test of three common assumptions in dental metric analyses
Authors: Hemphill Brian E.
Published: December 2018

Three aspects of metric variation in the permanent dentition of humans are often simply accepted as true. The first is that formation of the permanent dentition occurs within morphogenetic fields broadly associated with tooth type and jaw. The second is that dental development of among females is characterized by a higher degree of ontogenetic buffering relative to males. The third is that expression of sex dimorphism in permanent tooth size is expressed uniformly among well-nourished human populations. This study tests these assumptions through an examination of mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of all non-canine permanent teeth, except third molars, among 2,709 living individuals of 15 ethnic groups from South Asia. With sexes pooled, only one in four contrasts of variance among key versus distal teeth within dental fields are significantly heterogeneous, while one in four contrasts yield higher levels of variance among key teeth relative to their distal counterparts within a dental field. Such results weaken considerably orthodox applications of Butler’s dental field theory. When samples are the unit of analysis, male samples are marked by fewer dental fields with significantly heterogeneous levels of variance between key and distal members, while males and females are affected equally by significantly heterogeneous variation between key and distal members when dental fields are the unit of analysis. Such results suggest males and females are equally buffered against environmental perturbations that affect odontometric variation. One-way ANOVA indicates that a tooth’s position within a dental field ac-counts for 15.5% to 23.1% of the observed varia-tion in tooth size, while two-way ANOVA reveals that when sex is added as a second factor, the percentage of variance in tooth size explained increases from 16.7% to 30.8%, an improvement of 27.2%. Such results indicate sex dimorphism in tooth size varies in both patterning and in magnitude among these samples, thereby explaining why discriminant functions developed for one population often perform more poorly when applied to other populations.
Size does matter: Variation in tooth size apportionment among major regional North and sub-Saharan African populations
Authors: Irish Joel D. , Kenyhercz Michael W.
Published: December 2018

In the 1980s Edward Harris proposed an approach using principal components analysis to compare mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters in humans. A major goal was to remove overall “size” from the measurements – which is ineffective for biological affinity. Relative size, however, is important, i.e., to assess how it is apportioned along the tooth rows. To get at such data, Harris utilized three size predictors in multiple linear regression to calculate PC 1 residuals, which were then used with other uncorrected components in analysis.Here we demonstrate that it is still an effective method, by comparing 32 MD and BL measurements in 12 (n=712) and 18 (n=1251) samples from sub-Saharan and North Africa. Plotting of the first three components (50% of variance) shows clear separation between regions. North Africans are characterized by: 1) small LI1s, and BL dimensions of the UM1, LI2, and LM1, and 2) large MD diameters of the UM2 and LM1, and BL diameters of the LM2 and LM3. Comparisons of North Africans only show the ability to distinguish among samples from the Maghreb, Egypt, and Nubia. In other words, basic crown diameters can be successfully used for affinity estimation, if relative size, a.k.a., “shape” is accounted for.
Determining onset of significant facial pathology using dental wear and microwear texture analysis: a case study from the Middle Archaic (~5,500 BP) of Indiana.
Authors: Casserly Anna , Sessen Rebecca Van , Schmidt Christopher
Published: December 2018

Paleopathologists face complicated presentations of osteological conditions that ac-crued over a considerable period of ill-health. Determining the relative sequence of symptoms and how long the individual lived with them is critical to understanding disease onset and progression in the body and may help to identify a specific disease. This paper describes an atypical presentation of the dentition associated with a 5,000-year-old case of treponemal disease. This circumstance led to a cessation of macrowear, which allowed for an estimation of the age when the jaw began to profoundly deform. This paper also summarizes molar microwear texture analysis (DMTA) that was employed in order to determine if the diet of the victim prior to death was con-sistent with other people from the site.
2014 Dahlberg Award Winner The effects of dietary toughness on occlusopalatal variation in savanna baboons
Authors: Muzzall Evan , Campbell Ryan M. , Campbell Meadow , Corruccini Robert S.
Published: December 2018

This study investigates the relationship between dietary toughness and craniofacial variation in two groups of savanna baboons. Standard craniofacial and malocclusion data were collected from a captive, soft-diet experiment group (n=24) and a sample of wild-captured baboons, raised on tougher, natural foods (n=19). We tested the hypothesis that in the absence of normal masticatory stress experienced during the consumption of wild foods, the captive baboons would exhibit higher levels of facial and dental structural irregularities. Principal component analysis indicates separation of the two samples. The soft-diet sample exhibits significantly shorter palates, greater variability in palate position, and higher frequencies of occlusal irregularities that correlate with the shorter palates. Results offer further support that long-term dietary chewing stresses have a measurable effect on adult craniofacial variation.
Wilton Marion Krogman: 1903-1987
Authors: Loth Susan R.
Published: December 2018

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Odontometric Comparisons of Permanent Dentition in Human Populations
Authors: Yamada Hiroyuki
Published: December 2018

This dataset is a summary of published works on odontometrics.
Taboo Teeth in Yoruba Culture
Authors: Adegboye Ajibola A.
Published: December 2018

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Book Review: Advances in Dental Anthropology
Authors: Hawkey Diane E.
Published: December 2018

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Tricuspid Premolars from Chavez Pass, Arizona
Authors: Fong Michael R. , Sturges Lisa
Published: December 2018

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Book Review: Colyer's Variations and Diseases of the Teeth of Animals
Authors: Swindler Daris R.
Published: December 2018

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Book Review: Craniofacial Variation in Pacific Populations
Authors: Haeussler A. M.
Published: December 2018

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Etruscan Teeth and Odontology
Authors: Capasso Luigi , Di Tota Gabriella
Published: December 2018

The results of a paleopathological examination of the teeth and supporting structures of a 4th through 2nd century BC Etruscan sample of 119 crania from central Italy reveals a relatively low incidence of caries (27.7%) and high frequencies of antemortem tooth loss (49.6%) and alveolar bone infection (27.7%). The mandibular anterior teeth of one individual were partially covered with a gold strip. The function of this strip may have been ornamental or possibly odontoechnical to cover a diastema which resulted from antemortem tooth loss. Previous studies have shown that the Etruscans were renowned for their skill in odontotherapy.
What are Mulberry Molars?
Authors: Turner II Christy G.
Published: December 2018

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Periodontal Disease: Clinician's Point of View
Authors: Cooke Phillip
Published: December 2018

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Book Review: Forensic Analysis of the Skull
Authors: Merbs Charles F.
Published: December 2018

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Spurious "Examples" of Ancient Dental Implants or Appliances: Part Two of a Series
Authors: Becker Marshall Joseph
Published: December 2018

In addition to the various copies of ancient dental appliances, enormous numbers of reports deal with fanciful and unverifiable examples. These spurious dental bridges (or fake ancient crowns, inlays, or fillings) have been traced to their sources. While most of these spurious examples, such as the "stone" implant from Turkey (Atilla, 1993), discussed below, are found in the secondary literature, a few are accepted by scholars who were well versed in ancient dentistry (Guerini, 1909:68, n1). In most cases, these spurious examples are the result of wishful thinking combined with poor referencing of earlier secondary sources, ignorance of the technology involved in the construction of dental appliances, and a lack of scholarly communication.
Primate Dental Development: Ontogenetic Processes of Pattern Formation
Authors: Swails Nancy
Published: December 2018

N/A
The Matty Canyon Population: Dental Observations of Late Archaic Individuals from Southern Arizona
Authors: Lincoln-Babb Lorrie
Published: December 2018

Skeletal and dental material from the largest known burial population from the Late Archaic Period of southern Arizona was analyzed (Minturn and Lincoln-Babb, n.d.). Minturn performed the skeletal analyses, including the standard observations for age, sex, and pathologies. The dental analyses support a mixed economy subsistence of hunting-gathering and agriculture. This conclusion is based on observations for caries, enamel chipping, abscessing, and enamel hypoplasia.
Tooth Evulsion among the Ancient Etruscans: Recycling in Antiquity
Authors: Becker Marshall Joseph
Published: December 2018

N/A
A COOPERAÇÃO ENQUANTO ELO ENTRE OS SUJEITOS E UMA VISÃO CIVILIZATÓRIA DO PROCESSO
Authors: Morelato Vitor Faria , De Vincenzi Brunela Vieira
Published: December 2018

Ao se analisar o artigo 6º do novo Código de Processo Civil, percebe-se um esforço da lei em atribuir um dever de cooperação, destinado aos sujeitos do processo, para o alcance da decisão de mérito. Sobre tal dispositivo, há posição doutrinária que o compreende inconstitucional, porquanto contraditório à própria essência litigiosa do processo, a qual se baseia na noção individualista e naturalista de Thomas Hobbes. Nesse contexto, nos valemos de elementos da filosofia e sociologia contemporânea, como em Habermas, para contestar essa visão da pessoa como ser naturalmente violento, substituindo por um sujeito fruto da interação com os demais membros da sociedade onde está inserido. A partir dessa noção elementar, procuramos demonstrar que a adoção de novos métodos de aplicação da norma depende predominantemente do aplicador, que poderá enxergar no novo CPC um instrumento de fomento ao diálogo, ou manter a leitura individualista predominante no texto da lei revogada, de 1973. Para fundamentar a possibilidade de uma nova leitura, dialógica, buscamos na doutrina elementos dogmáticos que corroboram a existência de normas jurídicas, princípios e regras, voltadas para a efetivação da cooperação como instrumento de fomento ao contraditório, contribuindo para ampliar a participação e, consequentemente, a legitimidade do método de solução adotado para cada conflito.
DO ATIVISMO PARA O EXTREMISMO JUDICIAL NAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE ASSISTÊNCIA FARMACÊUTICA
Authors: Carneiro Débora Ferreira
Published: December 2018

A base dos estados constitucionais está na separação dos poderes. Com a evolução dos estados modernos, a partir das teorias do neoconstitucionalismo, a separação tornou-se mais fluída, com o objetivo de dar maior efetividade aos direitos fundamentais garantidos na constituição. A partir desse momento, o Poder Judiciário abandona a inércia inicial e ganha força em decisões mais efetivas. O protagonismo judicial, chamado de ativismo judiciário, pode ser um importante mecanismo dos cidadãos para proteção dos seus direitos contra a inércia legislativa e a burocracia executiva. Contudo, os juízes quando excedem no poder decisório, podem desrespeitar a tripartição de poderes. Esse movimento de extremismo judicial é prejudicial ao Estado Democrático de Direito. É fácil perceber essas posições extremadas em relação às políticas públicas relacionadas ao direito à saúde. O Estado juiz extremista, desrespeita as políticas públicas, desrespeita o orçamento público, desrespeita os direitos da coletividade e impõem obrigações à Administração, sem a avaliação das consequências e sem que isso gere justiça social efetiva. Em relação às políticas públicas relacionadas à assistência farmacêutica, a Administração Pública acumula sucessivas derrotas judiciais, pois, praticamente todos os pedidos de fornecimento de medicamentos são concedidos. Comportamento que se tornou generalizado no país. Quem mais lucra é a indústria farmacêutica, que garante um mercado consumidor aberto, livre de questionamentos e rentável, com as decisões judiciais. É necessário um diálogo amplo entre o poder judiciário, a Administração pública, médicos, órgãos de controle e sociedade civil para que os direitos fundamentais sejam garantidos de forma eficiente e justa.
DA INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE DA SOLUÇÃO DE CONSULTA DA COORDENAÇÃO GERAL DE TRIBUTAÇÃO N. 542
Authors: Martins Ives Gandra da Silva , Souza Fátima Fernandes Rodrigues de
Published: December 2018

Tendo em vista a necessidade de expansão no oferecimento de serviços na área de saúde, instituições do terceiro setor, a despeito da verba insuficiente repassada pelo Sistema Único de Saúde viabilizam projetos por meio da celebração de parcerias com empresas lucrativas, tanto no modelo de contratos de prestação de serviço ou no modelo de sociedade. No tocante a essa última modalidade, as entidades consideram participar como sócias de sociedades com fins lucrativos, com atividades tributadas. Nesse particular, as entidades teriam uma participação societária junto com outros parceiros, filantrópicos ou não, sem a transmissão de título associativo ou sua transformação em pessoa jurídica tributada e face de proibição legal existente. No entanto, a Solução de Consulta da Coordenação Geral de Tributação n. 542 entendeu que a participação em sociedade de escopo econômico implica a perda de imunidade tributária dessas instituições. Cumpre analisar nesse artigo a constitucionalidade da referida Consulta.
O brincar e os contextos físicos escolares: uma reflexão sobre a educação infantil no Município de São Paulo
Authors: Santos Fábio Xavier , Martins Ida Carneiro , Gimenez Roberto
Published: December 2018

Reconhecidamente, o brincar contribui para o desenvolvimento das crianças sob uma série de aspectos, incluindo suas dimensões cognitivas, afetivas e motoras. Em linhas gerais, percebe-se uma crescente valorização das instituições escolares em relação aos elementos lúdicos da aprendizagem. Todavia, nos grandes centros urbanos como é o caso da cidade de São Paulo, os espaços escolares destinados ao brincar foram drasticamente influenciados pela estrutura arquitetônica das escolas. Diante da necessidade de ampliação do número de vagas, as concessões oferecidas à iniciativa privada contribuíram para uma reconfiguração dos espaços escolares, uma vez que escolas de pequeno porte, grande parte das vezes, adaptadas a partir de casas térreos ou sobrados passaram a compor o quadro das instituições.  O presente artigo teve por objetivo discutir esta problemática, com especial atenção aos possíveis desdobramentos que ela apresenta sobre o desenvolvimento infantil. Nele são apresentados diversos olhares, sejam eles da antropologia, educação, medicina, arquitetura entre outros, sobre a importância do brincar. Também foi agregado ao estudo o amparo legal associado às dimensões do brincar no contexto escolar. Finalmente, são apresentadas implicações para a atuação do poder público e para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre o referido tema.
Satisfaction and loyalty of clients towards banking products and services
Authors: Raičević Milica , Medenica Mitrović Dijana
Published: December 2018

Transformation of the banking sector has led to today's banks providing a complete service - financial service both on the domestic and international level. The focus of their business is the client whose loyalty depends on the operations of the bank. The aim is to indicate that there is a direct link between the quality of the banking product and the service that affects the client's satisfaction and loyalty, which directly affects the bank's business and its competitive advantage in the financial market. The paper gives a theoretical and practical overview of the quality of service, satisfaction and loyalty of clients, and the performance of the bank, which depends on clients. In the theoretical part, the concept of a client, its significance and specifics related to its influence on the bank's business, through its satisfaction and loyalty to the bank, is defined. The empirical part deals with the analysis of customer satisfaction and loyalty towards banking products and services in Montenegro and how much the quality of banking services has an impact on the satisfaction and loyalty of the customer. The analysis of the factual situation will be carried out, the conclusions will be presented and recommendations made for improvement of the quality of the service, which will contribute to the greater satisfaction of the clients, and therefore the loyalty to the particular bank. All of this is directly related to the possibility of achieving the competitive advantage of banks within the banking sector where a particular bank operates.
Competitiveness of the Serbian Economy Through the Prism of Tax Incentives for Foreign Investors
Authors: Marjanović Darko M
Published: December 2018

In order to make Serbia the most attractive investment destination in relation to countries in the region, special attention should be paid to the current tax incentives granted to foreign investors. Hence, the aim of this paper is to find the opinion and attitudes of foreign investors in the relevant research and analysis regarding the importance of tax relief for their investment in Serbia. Tax incentives are one of the most important tax instruments that can play a decisive role on foreign investors when choosing an investment location, and therefore to increase the competitiveness of the Serbian economy. In this paper, special attention will be given to tax incentives in certain areas for the business of foreign investors, depending on the way foreign investors enter the Serbian market. The methodology of empirical research in this paper is based on a quantitative approach to the collection of primary data through the survey of relevant subjects, the comparison of collected data, and the analysis of the causality of the investigated phenomena. On the basis of the obtained results it can be concluded that the greatest influence on the investor when making a decision on investing in Serbia is tax incentives in corporate income tax.