bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La situación actual de los estudios de egiptología en España.
Authors: Martínez García José Javier
Published: April 2015

La egiptología en España ha sufrido un gran retraso a nivel de investigación y divulgación en su historia por diferentes razones. A día de hoy esta disciplina en España necesita una revisión desde la base, es decir, partiendo de la visión de conjunto en los diferentes ámbitos y esferas de actuación poder llegar a vislumbrar cuales son las mejores soluciones para una potenciación de esta disciplina.

Egyptology in Spain has suffered a long delay at the level of research and outreach in its history for various reasons. Today this discipline in Spain need a review from the base, on the overview of the different areas and spheres of activity able to see what the best solutions for a strengthening of this discipline.
Las formas de intercambio y las estructuras comerciales orientalizantes en la Vega Baja del Segura: dos variables de estudio arqueológico.
Authors: Pernas García Sara
Published: April 2015

En estas líneas vamos a tratar dos variables de estudio arqueológico vinculadas a la esfera económica de las poblaciones del I milenio a. C. en la fachada oriental de la P. Ibérica, las formas de intercambio y las estructuras comerciales. Cómo han sido estudiadas sus manifestaciones, a partir de qué modelos teóricos se han establecido sus interpretaciones. Se pretende analizar una problemática general a partir de un ejemplo concreto, el estudio de las manifestaciones arqueológicas dentro de un espacio geográfico muy específico, la desembocadura del río Segura, que nos sirve de laboratorio de ensayo para analizar las estructuras económicas, comerciales y poblacionales de las comunidades orientalizantes del Levante Meridional Peninsular durante la primera mitad del I milenio a.C.

At this article, we want to study the trading economy of the population of the oriental coast of «Península Ibérica» at fisrt millenium B.C., by means of two archaeological categories of protohistoric economy: the commodities of exchange and the trading structures. How they had been studied, what kind of theoric models had been stablished. We want to reexamine the general question, working on the specific exemple from the archaeological settlements of the lower part of the Seguraʼs Valley. Furthermore, revise the interpretation of the spaciality of orientalizing process at P. Ibérica, the changes of the definition of the Orientalizing concept, and the interpretation of this area, VBS, inside of the «orientalizing world», such as secondary area of expansion for the phoenicians of southern peninsular region. Itʼll be our experimental laboratory to determinate if itʼs posible, with archaeological arguments, support the «phoenician» model, based on colonial structure, or others, that defended a mixed economy structure at this area.
Hispania Tierra de Roma: organización y gestión del suelo.
Authors: Santapau Pastor María Carmen
Published: April 2015

En el presente trabajo estudiamos dos inscripciones catastrales hispanas. Las inscripciones junto con la información arqueológica y las fuentes literarias nos permiten extraer conclusiones acerca de la organización y la gestión del suelo hispano a comienzos del Alto Imperio como consecuencia de la conquista y del reparto de tierras en diferentes centros urbanos peninsulares.

In the present work we studied two Hispanic cadastral inscriptions. The inscriptions, with the archaeological information and the literary sources allow us to have conclusions about the organization and the management of the Hispanic land at the beginning of the Roman Empire as a result of the conquest and the land distribution in different peninsular urban centers.
Counter-Stereotypical Images of Muslim Characters in the Television Serial 24: A Difference That Makes No Difference?
Authors: Hake Rolf
Published: April 2015

In the early years of the millennium racial counter-stereotypes gained prominence in Hollywood entertainment. This article examines the television serial 24's (2001–10) efforts to combat allegations of stereotyping by including racial counter-stereotypes of Muslim characters, as the serial has been accused of stereotyping this specific group. 24's attempts to achieve a balanced portrayal have resulted in the introduction of Muslims who feature among the regular cast and are depicted in a positive manner. Combining close analysis with critical and theoretical accounts of ‘whiteness’ and counter-stereotyping, the article centres on the key characteristics of counter-stereotypes and how they operate in 24.
The Changing Determinants of UK Television Acting
Authors: Hewett Richard
Published: April 2015

While textual analysis provides a useful tool for examining archive screen performances, purely immanent readings often ignore the contextualising factors which help shape them; this article therefore sets out to examine the various determinants of television acting and how they have changed between the live, multi-camera studio era and the present day. The various factors considered include: the time period allocated to produce a television drama, and how it is utilised; production process and technology; the role of the television director; and actor experience and training. Taken together, these determinants offer the potential for a fuller understanding of television acting.
Bottom Line: From Zombies to Frontal Lobes
Authors: “Woody” Schwitzer Alan M.
Published: April 2015

A Reading List on and about Your Brain
Development of Experiment and Theory to Detect and Predict Ligand Phase Separation on Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Farrell Zachary , Merz Steve , Seager Jon , Dunn Caroline , Egorov Sergei , Green David L.
Published: April 2015

MALDI mass‐spectrometry measurements are combined with self‐consistent mean‐field (SCF) calculations to detect and predict ligand phase separation on Ag nanoparticles. The experimental and theoretical techniques complement each other by enabling quantification of the nearest‐neighbor distribution of a ligand mixture in a monolayer shell. By tracking a characteristic metallic fragment family, analysis of a MALDI spectrum produces a frequency distribution corresponding to specific ligand patterning. Inherent to the SCF calculation is the enumeration of local interactions that dictate ligand assembly. Interweaving MALDI and SCF facilitates a comparison between the experimentally and theoretically derived frequency distributions as well as their deviation from a well‐mixed state. Thus, we combine these techniques to detect and predict phase separation in monolayers that mix uniformly or experience varying degrees of de‐mixing, including microphase separation and stripe formation. Definition of MALDI removed as this is a commonly recognized technique.
Targeting mitosis‐regulating genes in cisplatin‐sensitive and ‐resistant melanoma cells: A live‐cell RNAi screen displays differential nucleus‐derived phenotypes
Authors: Erfle Holger , Pashayeva K. , Harder N. , Zhang L. , Rohr K. , Schadendorf D. , Ugurel S. , Keese M.
Published: April 2015

Chemoresistance in malignant melanoma remains an unresolved clinical issue. In the search for novel molecular targets, a live‐cell high‐content RNAi screen based on gene expression data was performed in cisplatin‐sensitive and cisplatin‐resistant MeWo melanoma cells, Mel‐28 cells and a melanocyte cell line. Cells were exposed to 91 siRNAs and distinct nucleus‐derived phenotypes such as cell division, cell death and migration phenotypes were detected by time‐lapse microscopy over 60 h. Using this approach, cisplatin‐sensitive and cisplatin‐resistant melanoma cells were compared by automated image analysis and visual inspection. In cisplatin‐sensitive MeWo melanoma cells, 14 genes were identified that showed distinct phenotype abnormalities after exposure to gene‐specific siRNAs. In cisplatin‐resistant MeWo cells, five genes were detected. Nine genes were detected whose knock‐down led to differential nuclear phenotypes in cisplatin‐sensitive and ‐resistant cells. In Mel‐28 cells, nine genes were identified which induced nuclear phenotypes including all eight genes which were identified in cisplatin‐resistant MeWo cells. An analogous RNAi screen on melanocytes revealed no detectable phenotype abnormalities after RNAi. Pathway analysis showed in cisplatin‐sensitive MeWo cells and Mel‐28 cells an enrichment of at least three genes in major mitotic pathways. We hereby show that siRNA screening may help to identify tumor‐specific genes leading to phenotype abnormalities. These genes may serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of melanoma.
Chemical Composition and Allelopathic Potential of Essential Oils Obtained from Acacia cyanophyllaLindl. Cultivated in Tunisia
Authors: El Ayeb‐Zakhama Asma , Sakka‐Rouis Lamia , Bergaoui Afifa , Flamini Guido , Ben Jannet Hichem , Harzallah‐Skhiri Fethia
Published: April 2015

Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. (Fabaceae), synonym Acacia saligna (Labill.) H. L.Wendl., native to West Australia and naturalized in North Africa and South Europe, was introduced in Tunisia for rangeland rehabilitation, particularly in the semiarid zones. In addition, this evergreen tree represents a potential forage resource, particularly during periods of drought. A. cyanophylla is abundant in Tunisia and some other Mediterranean countries. The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from different plant parts, viz., roots, stems, phyllodes, flowers, and pods (fully mature fruits without seeds), was characterized for the first time here. According to GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses, the principal compound in the phyllode and flower oils was dodecanoic acid (4), representing 22.8 and 66.5% of the total oil, respectively. Phenylethyl salicylate (8; 34.9%), heptyl valerate (3; 17.3%), and nonadecane (36%) were the main compounds in the root, stem, and pod oils, respectively. The phyllode and flower oils were very similar, containing almost the same compounds. Nevertheless, the phyllode oil differed from the flower oil for its higher contents of hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (6), linalool (1), pentadecanal, α‐terpineol, and benzyl benzoate (5) and its lower content of 4. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses separated the five essential oils into four groups, each characterized by its main constituents. Furthermore, the allelopathic activity of each oil was evaluated using lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as a plant model. The phyllode, flower, and pod oils exhibited a strong allelopathic activity against lettuce.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Oxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidines as Potent VEGFR‐2 Inhibitors
Authors: Deng Ya‐Hui , Xu Dan , Su Ye‐Xiang , Cheng Yi‐Juan , Yang Yan‐Li , Wang Xiu‐Yun , Zhang Juan , You Qi‐Dong , Sun Li‐Ping
Published: April 2015

Tumor angiogenesis is mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and other protein kinases. Inhibition of these kinases presents an attractive approach for developing anticancer therapeutics. In this work, a series of 2,5,7‐trisubstituted oxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidines were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities were investigated against VEGFR‐2 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. Compound 9n exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.33 and 0.29 μM for VEGFR‐2 kinase and HUVEC, respectively. A further kinase selectivity assay revealed that these compounds exhibit good VEGFR and moderate EGFR inhibitory activities. Docking analysis suggested a common mode of interaction at the ATP‐binding site of VEGFR‐2.
Potential of Proapoptotic Peptides to Induce the Formation of Giant Plasma Membrane Vesicles with Lipid Domains
Authors: Lauster Daniel , Vazquez Olalla , Schwarzer Roland , Seitz Oliver , Herrmann Andreas
Published: April 2015

We have established a method of preparing giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) by using cysteine mutants of the proapoptotic peptide (PAP) Ac‐R7‐GG‐KLAKLAKKLAKLAK. A cysteine scan revealed that cytotoxicity and GPMV formation were dependent on the cysteine position within the PAP sequence. In comparison to GPMVs prepared by extensive treatment with paraformaldehyde (PFA) and dithiothreitol (DTT), our GPMVs were produced from HeLa cells at much lower concentrations of the blebbing agent. We found that only GPMVs derived from cysteine‐containing PAP showed lipid phase separation. This membrane model was applied to investigate the phase partitioning of two relevant membrane proteins: influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and tetherin, which clamps budding HIV to infected cells. For tetherin, we show for the first time exclusion from cholesterol‐rich domains in a GPMV model, thus documenting the potential of our approach for membrane‐partitioning studies.
Genome Mining of Streptomyces sp. Tü 6176: Characterization of the Nataxazole Biosynthesis Pathway
Authors: Cano‐Prieto Carolina , García‐Salcedo Raúl , Sánchez‐Hidalgo Marina , Braña Alfredo F. , Fiedler Hans‐Peter , Méndez Carmen , Salas José A. , Olano Carlos
Published: April 2015

Streptomyces sp. Tü 6176 produces the cytotoxic benzoxazole nataxazole. Bioinformatic analysis of the genome of this organism predicts the presence of 38 putative secondary‐metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters, including those involved in the biosynthesis of AJI9561 and its derivative nataxazole, the antibiotic hygromycin B, and ionophores enterobactin and coelibactin. The nataxazole biosynthesis gene cluster was identified and characterized: it lacks the O‐methyltransferase gene required to convert AJI9561 into nataxazole. This O‐methyltransferase activity might act as a resistance mechanism, as AJI9561 shows antibiotic activity whereas nataxazole is inactive. Moreover, heterologous expression of the nataxazole biosynthesis gene cluster in S. lividans JT46 resulted in the production of AJI9561. Nataxazole biosynthesis requires the shikimate pathway to generate 3‐hydroxyanthranilate and an iterative type I PKS to generate 6‐methylsalicylate. Production of nataxazole was improved up to fourfold by disrupting one regulatory gene in the cluster. An additional benzoxazole, 5‐hydroxynataxazole is produced by Streptomyces sp. Tü 6176. 5‐Hydroxynataxazole derives from nataxazole by the activity of an as yet unidentified oxygenase; this implies cross‐talk between the nataxazole biosynthesis pathway and an unknown pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Tin(II) Perchlorate Trihydrate.
Authors: Hennings Erik , Schmidt Horst , Koehler Martin , Voigt Wolfgang
Published: April 2015

[Sn(H2O)3](ClO4)2 is prepared by the redox reaction of Cu(ClO4)2 and Sn in HClO4 followed by crystallization in a freezer (253 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Iron(III) Perchlorate Nonahydrate.
Authors: Hennings Erik , Schmidt Horst , Voigt Wolfgang
Published: April 2015

[Fe(H2O)6] (ClO4)3·3H2O is crystallized from a cold aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Sr(ClO4)2·3H2O (I), Sr(ClO4)2·4H2O (II) and Sr(ClO4)2·9H2O (III).
Authors: Hennings Erik , Schmidt Horst , Voigt Wolfgang
Published: April 2015

Single crystals of the title compound are obtained from low temperature solutions according to the solid‐liquid phase diagram.
ChemInform Abstract: Inherent Electrochemistry of Layered Post‐Transition Metal Halides: The Unexpected Effect of Potential Cycling of PbI2.
Authors: Chua Chun Kiang , Sofer Zdenek , Lim Chee Shan , Pumera Martin
Published: April 2015

Electrochemical potential cycling of PbI2 in phosphate buffer leads to the formation of Pb5(PO4)3Cl with hexagonal symmetry (space group P63/m, apatite‐type structure).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrodeoxygenation of Vicinal OH Groups over Heterogeneous Rhenium Catalyst Promoted by Palladium and Ceria Support.
Authors: Ota Nobuhiko , Tamura Masazumi , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Okumura Kazu , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: April 2015

Heterogeneous ReOx—Pd/CeO2 catalyst shows excellent performance for simultaneous hydrodeoxygenation of vicinal OH groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Utility of Enaminonitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of Some New Azepine, Azocine, and Pyrroldione Derivatives.
Authors: Fadda Ahmed A. , Elattar Khaled M.
Published: April 2015

Enaminonitrile derivative (III) is used as starting material for the synthesis of a variety of heterocyclic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐Directed Rhenium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions with N‐Hydroxycarbamates, N‐Hydroxysulfonamides, and Hydroxamic Acids.
Authors: Chavhan Sanjay W. , McAdam Catherine A. , Cook Matthew J.
Published: April 2015

In case of Cbz‐protected hydroxylamine excellent N/O‐selectivities up to 99:1 are observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled O‐Glycosylation with Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation.
Authors: Xiang Shaohua , He Jingxi , Tan Yu Jia , Liu Xue‐Wei
Published: April 2015

Starting from glucal derived carbonate (I), various O‐glycosides are stereoselectively formed trough Pd‐catalyzed tandem decarboxylation, proton abstraction, and nucleophilic addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Difluoromethylene Phosphabetaine as an Equivalent of Difluoromethyl Carbanion.
Authors: Levin Vitalij V. , Trifonov Alexey L. , Zemtsov Artem A. , Struchkova Marina I. , Arkhipov Dmitry E. , Dilman Alexander D.
Published: April 2015

A nucleophilic difluoromethylation of reactive Michael acceptors, aldehydes, and azomethines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Free Amide Synthesis via Carbon—Carbon Bond Cleavage
Authors: Zhu Chunyin , Wei Wei , Du Peng , Wan Xiaobing
Published: April 2015

The metal‐free oxidative coupling of methyl ketones with primary amines is operationally simple, proceeds under mild aerobic conditions and furnishes amides in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Benzyl Chlorides with Cyclopropanol‐Derived Ketone Homoenolates.
Authors: Nithiy Nisha , Orellana Arturo
Published: April 2015

The scalable method delivers good reaction yields using various cyclopropanols and electron‐rich or electron‐neutral benzyl chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Tuning Cyclization of Aryl‐1,4‐enediones: AlCl3‐Mediated Nazarov‐Type Cyclization to Synthesize Polysubstituted‐1‐indanones.
Authors: Zhu Yan‐Ping , Cai Qun , Jia Feng‐Cheng , Liu Mei‐Cai , Gao Qing‐He , Meng Xiang‐Gao , Wu An‐Xin
Published: April 2015

Substrates (I) with aroyls, esters and conjugated enones attached to the 5‐position require two or more electron donating methoxy groups at the aryl ring to promote the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phenanthridine Derivatives Functionalized in the C‐Ring by Means of IMDAF Reactions under Microwave or Conventional Heating Conditions.
Authors: Gulbrandsen Haakon Saetren , Hennum Martin , Osheka Maksim , Read Matthew Lovell , Gundersen Lise‐Lotte
Published: April 2015

The results of the intramolecular reactions of substrates (I) and (VII) are highly dependent on the substituents and on the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dispirocyclopentyl‐3,3′‐bisoxindoles via Base Promoted Cyclization Reaction of 3‐Phenacylideneoxindoles with Nitromethane.
Authors: Lu Li‐Juan , Yan Chao‐Guo
Published: April 2015

The title reaction has the advantages of readily available starting materials, operational simplicity, good yields, and high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Chroman Derivatives Bearing Spirocyclic N,O‐Acetals Skeleton via a One‐Pot Tandem Reaction.
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhou Kai‐Da , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Zhu Ya‐Nan , Wu Zhen , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: April 2015

The nitrobenzoic acid‐mediated reaction of phenols, formaldehyde, and benzylimidazolidinones furnishes spirochroman derivatives in moderate to good yields and good to excellent diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzofuran—Chalcone Hybrids as Potential Multifunctional Agents Against Alzheimer′s Disease: Synthesis and in vivo Studies with Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans.
Authors: Sashidhara Koneni V. , Modukuri Ram K. , Jadiya Pooja , Dodda Ranga Prasad , Kumar Manoj , Sridhar Balasubramaniam , Kumar Vikash , Haque Rizwanul , Siddiqi Mohammad Imran , Nazir Aamir
Published: April 2015

A series of novel hybrid compounds incorporating benzofuran and chalcone fragments (V) are designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential agents against Alzheimer′s disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed C—H Carbonylation of (Hetero)arenes with Formates and Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Coupling: A Shortcut to Indolo[3,2‐c]coumarins.
Authors: Wu Jie , Lan Jingbo , Guo Siyuan , You Jingsong
Published: April 2015

The reaction tolerates N‐protected and N‐unprotected, substituted and unsubstituted indole derivatives as well as arenes and heteroarenes such as indolizines, pyrroles and electron rich benzol derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Role of Carbon Disulfide: A New and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Gladysz John A. , Reza Safaei Hamid , Nouri Sara
Published: April 2015

CS2 unexpectedly facilitates the synthesis of 2‐arylbenzimidazoles via intermolecular cyclization reaction of benzene‐1,2‐diamines and aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Copper/PEG‐400 Catalyst Systems for Chemoselective S‐ and N‐Arylation of 2‐Mercaptobenzothiazole.
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Yuan Tangjun , Yang Yu , Chen Junmin
Published: April 2015

Depending on copper compound catalyst, base and temperature 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole is arylated with aromatic halides at the thiol‐S or the ring‐N atom.
ChemInform Abstract: Prins—Arylthiolation Reaction on Terpenoids: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 4‐Arylthiooctahydro‐2H‐chromenes.
Authors: Sarmah Barnali , Baishya Gakul , Baruah Rajani K.
Published: April 2015

(‐)‐Isopulegol undergoes Prins‐arylthiolation with aldehydes and cyclohexanone in the presence of HBF4·OEt2 to generate a library of 4‐arylthio‐octahydro‐2H‐chromene derivatives in good to excellent yields with moderate to high cis selectivity at ambient temperature in CH2Cl2.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Switch: Enantiodivergent Approach to the Synthesis of Isoflavanones.
Authors: Doran Robert , Carroll Michael P. , Akula Ramulu , Hogan Bryan F. , Martins Marta , Fanning Seamus , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: April 2015

A modular sequence to construct isoflavones with a range of methoxy‐substituted aryl substituents is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Antibacterial Activities of Novel Nicotinic Acid Hydrazides and Their Conversion into N‐Acetyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles.
Authors: Morjan Rami Y. , Mkadmh Ahmed M. , Beadham Ian , Elmanama Abdelrauof A. , Mattar Mohammed R. , Raftery James , Pritchard Robin G. , Awadallah Adel M. , Gardiner John M.
Published: April 2015

A wide range of novel N‐acylhydrazones of nicotinic acid hydrazides (III), (VII) is synthesized and transformed into corresponding oxadiazoles by simple reflux in Ac2O.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Modular Metal‐Free Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 2‐Quinolones
Authors: Aksenov Alexander V. , Smirnov Alexander N. , Aksenov Nicolai A. , Aksenova Inna V. , Bijieva Asiyat S. , Rubin Michael
Published: April 2015

by a cascade annulation of aryl hydrazines with nitroketones in PPA
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Preparation of 6‐Alkylthiophenanthridines via Oxidative C—S and C—C Bond Formation from 2‐Isocyanobiphenyls and Disulfides.
Authors: Fang Hong , Zhao Jincan , Qian Ping , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi
Published: April 2015

This isocyanide thiolation/intramolecular radical aromatic cyclization sequence tolerates various functional groups and gives good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Temporary‐Bridge Strategy for Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Synthesis of Aza‐Seven‐Membered Rings.
Authors: Goudedranche Sebastien , Pierrot David , Constantieux Thierry , Bonne Damien , Rodriguez Jean
Published: April 2015

The first enantioselective domino synthesis of azepane moieties is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven‐ and Eight‐Membered Heterocyclic Biaryl Synthesis Through a Metal‐Free Oxidative Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Sun Shutao , Yang Jingjing , Li Fanmei , Lv Zheng , Li Wei , Lou Hongxiang , Liu Lei
Published: April 2015

The method is applicable to the synthesis of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and only carbon containing seven‐ and eight‐membered tricyclic ring systems starting from electron‐rich biaromatic compounds, but fails using bianisole derived substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Olefinic C—H Alkynylation of Acrylamides Using Tosyl‐Imide as Directing Group.
Authors: Feng Chao , Feng Daming , Luo Yang , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: April 2015

The synthetic utility of the methodology is demonstrated by the representative derivatization of one product [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Silylation of Secondary Alcohols by Pyridine N‐Oxide Derivative.
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Takao Ken‐ichi
Published: April 2015

Attempts upon an asymmetric version of the methodology using chiral pyridine N‐oxide catalysts are in progress.
ChemInform Abstract: A Unique 1,2‐Acyl Migration for the Construction of Quaternary Carbon by Visible Light Irradiation of Platinum(II) Polypyridyl Complex and Molecular Oxygen.
Authors: Meng Qing‐Yuan , Lei Tao , Zhao Lei‐Min , Wu Cheng‐Juan , Zhong Jian‐Ji , Gao Xue‐Wang , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu
Published: April 2015

Enamines (I) react with molecular oxygen and alcohols in the presence of platinum catalyst PTP under irradiation with blue LEDs to form α‐trisubstituted esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Citrinadins A and B. Stereochemical Revision of Their Assigned Structures.
Authors: Bian Zhiguo , Marvin Christopher C. , Pettersson Martin , Martin Stephen F.
Published: April 2015

Starting from commercially available materials the enantioselective 20 and 21 step syntheses of (‐)‐citrinadin A and (+)‐citrinadin B result in revison of the structures of the natural materials to (Ia) and (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: Amphidinins C—F, Amphidinolide Q Analogues from Marine Dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp.
Authors: Kubota Takaaki , Iwai Takahiro , Sakai Kanae , Gonoi Tohru , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: April 2015

Amphidinin C (Ia), D (Ib), E (IIa) and F (IIb) are evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against several bacteria and fungi as well as their cytotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Some Novel 4‐Oxopyrido[2,3‐a]phenothiazines.
Authors: Al‐Sinjilawi Hadeel T. , El‐Abadelah Mustafa M. , Mubarak Mohammad S. , Al‐Aboudi Amal , Abadleh Mohammed M. , Mahasneh Adel M. , Ahmad Asaad K. M. A.
Published: April 2015

Compounds (I) are prepared and evaluated towards their antibacterial activity with (Ia) showing the highest activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Bivalent Metal‐based MIL‐53 Analogues: Synthesis, Properties and Application
Authors: Liu Yongxin , Liu Dan , Wang Cheng
Published: April 2015

Review: 169 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2D‐Arrays of Nanoparticles as Model Catalysts
Authors: Henry Claude R.
Published: April 2015

Review: 243 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Vanadates Constructed from Extended Metal‐Organic Arrays: Crystal Architectures and Properties
Authors: de Luis Roberto Fernandez , Orive Joseba , Larrea Edurne S. , Karmele Urtiaga M. , Arriortua Maria I.
Published: April 2015

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I) π‐Complexes with Allyl Derivatives of Heterocyclic Compounds: Structural Survey of Their Crystal Engineering
Authors: Slyvka Yurii , Goreshnik Evgeny , Pavlyuk Oleksii , Mys'kiv Marian
Published: April 2015

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐alternant Non‐benzenoid Aromatic Compounds: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Tobe Yoshito
Published: April 2015

Review: [47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenalenyl‐Based Open‐Shell Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Kubo Takashi
Published: April 2015

Review: [67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Longest Acenes
Authors: Bettinger Holger F. , Toenshoff Christina
Published: April 2015

Review: recent research in the synthesis of substituted and parent nonacene; 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Structural Transformations of Coordination Supramolecular Systems upon Exogenous Stimulation
Authors: Li Cheng‐Peng , Chen Jing , Liu Chun‐Sen , Du Miao
Published: April 2015

Review: [79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Lewis Acid Co‐Initiated Cationic Polymerization of Isobutylene and 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Kostjuk Sergei V.
Published: April 2015

Review: [recent approaches towards the synthesis of exo‐olefin terminated polyisobutylenes and well‐defined poly(1‐3‐diene)s; 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Halogenated Boron‐Dipyrromethenes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Authors: Lakshmi Vellanki , Rajeswara Rao Malakalapalli , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: April 2015

Review: [112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefinic C—H Functionalization Through Radical Alkenylation
Authors: Tang Shan , Liu Kun , Liu Chao , Lei Aiwen
Published: April 2015

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactivity of the Active Metal Oxo and Hydroxo Intermediates and Their Implications in Oxidations
Authors: Chen Zhuqi , Yin Guochuan
Published: April 2015

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Expanding the Toolbox of Asymmetric Organocatalysis by Continuous‐Flow Process
Authors: Finelli Fernanda G. , Miranda Leandro S. M. , de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A.
Published: April 2015

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Control of Transition Metal Complexes in Water by a Hydrophobic Cavity: A Bio‐Inspired Strategy
Authors: Bistri Olivia , Reinaud Olivia
Published: April 2015

Review: [67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic and Pharmacological Profile of Thiophene: A Review
Authors: Dighe Nachiket S. , Balsane Amol S. , Laware Ravindra B. , Dengale Santosh S. , Asane G. S. , Musmade Deepak S.
Published: April 2015

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Desymmetrizations Promoted by Bifunctional Organocatalysts
Authors: Quintavalla Arianna , Cerisoli Lucia , Montroni Elisa
Published: April 2015

Review: 214 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced Biotechnology: Metabolically Engineered Cells for the Bio‐Based Production of Chemicals and Fuels, Materials, and Health‐Care Products
Authors: Becker Judith , Wittmann Christoph
Published: April 2015

Review: [184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Introduction to Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Monge Maria Eugenia , Fernandez Facundo M.
Published: April 2015

Review: 141 refs.
Eco‐Friendly Solvents for Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfitative CH Bond Arylation of Heteroarenes
Authors: Hfaiedh Anoir , Yuan Kedong , Ben Ammar Hamed , Ben Hassine Bechir , Soulé Jean‐François , Doucet Henri
Published: April 2015

Herein, we report the Pd‐catalyzed regioselective direct arylation of heteroarenes in which benzenesulfonyl chlorides are used as coupling partners through a desulfitative cross‐coupling that can be performed in diethyl carbonate (DEC) or cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) as green and renewable solvents or even in neat conditions instead of dioxane or dimethylacetamide (DMA). Under these solvent conditions, the reaction proceeds with a wide range of heteroarenes. C2‐ or C5‐arylated products were obtained with furan and pyrrole derivatives. Benzofuran was also arylated regioselectively at the C2‐position, whereas the reaction proceeds selectively at the C3‐ or C4‐positions if thiophenes and benzothiophenes are used. Moreover, in some cases, especially with 1‐methylindole, solvent‐free conditions afforded better regioselectivities and/or yields than the reaction performed in the presence of solvents.
Amperometric Biosensor for Choline Based on Gold Screen‐Printed Electrode Modified with Electrochemically‐Deposited Silica Biocomposite
Authors: Mazurenko I. , Tananaiko O. , Biloivan O. , Zhybak M. , Pelyak I. , Zaitsev V. , Etienne M. , Walcarius A.
Published: April 2015

A mediator‐free choline biosensor was developed using the electrochemically assisted sol‐gel deposition on gold screen‐printed electrodes. The addition of 12 mM of cationic surfactant CTAB in silica sol allowed enhancing the stability of the sensor. The modified electrode demonstrated catalytic activity and stable amperometric response to choline for over 3 weeks of exploitation with the sensitivity of 6 µA mM−1 and LOD of 6 µM. The interference of ascorbic acid was reduced by pretreating the analyzed solution with MnO2 powder. The application of the sensor with the purpose of identifying choline in the baby milk demonstrated satisfactory metrological characteristics.
Cottoquinazolines E and F from Neosartorya fischeri NRRL 181
Authors: Shan Wei‐Guang , Wang Shi‐Lei , Lang Huang‐Yan , Chen Si‐Mei , Ying You‐Min , Zhan Zha‐Jun
Published: April 2015

Two new norfumiquinazolines, cottoquinazolines E and F (1 and 2, resp.), together with pyripyropene A (3), were isolated from the fungus Neosartorya fischeri NRRL 181. The structures of the new isolates were established by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on norfumiquinazolines and pyripyropenes produced by the genus Neosartorya.
Synthesis of Polysubstituted Benzenes via the Vinylogous Michael Addition of Alkylidenemalononitriles to 2‐(1,3‐Dioxo‐1H‐inden‐2(3H)‐ylidene)malononitrile
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Sedighian Hadi , Yasub Hosseini Seyed , Zhu Long‐Guan
Published: April 2015

An efficient synthesis for polysubstituted benzenes was successfully developed by the reaction of ninhydrin (=2,2‐dihydroxyindane‐1,3‐dione), malononitrile (=propanedinitrile), and alkylidenemalononitrile. The method involves vinylogous Michael addition of alkylidenemalononitrile to 2‐(1,3‐dioxo‐1H‐inden‐2(3H)‐ylidene)malononitrile, which formed by condensation of malononitrile and ninhydrin in the presence of Et3N, and the alcoholic solvent has participated in the reaction as a reagent. The method has the advantages of good yields and of not requiring a metal catalyst. The structures were confirmed spectroscopically (IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and EI‐MS) and by elemental analyses, and, in the case of 2c, by X‐ray crystallography. A plausible mechanism for this reaction is proposed (Scheme).
A Concise Total Synthesis of (+)‐(6S,9R,10R)‐Bovidic Acid
Authors: Wadavrao Sachin B. , Ghogare Ramesh S. , Venkat Narsaiah A.
Published: April 2015

A straightforward strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of (+)‐bovidic acid has been developed in eleven steps with an overall yield of 8.85%. The synthesis started from commercially available nonanal, and the key reactions involved were Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, Grignard reaction, and CoreyBakshiShibata reduction.
Boyd Group Electronegativity Influence on the Parr Global Electrophilicity of Vilsmeier Reagent‐Derived Imidates: New Insights toward Improving Mitsunobu Chemistry
Authors: Carr Jeremy M. , Tschumper Gregory S. , Paige Lathem A.
Published: April 2015

Reactivities of 19 methylated imidate analogs were examined using B3LYP and M06‐2X DFT methods. The resulting HOMO and LUMO energies of each optimized structure were used to calculate corresponding Parr global electrophilicity (ω) values. When the resulting quantities were compared against Boyd group electronegativity (XG) values, a clear correlation was observed, suggesting that electron‐withdrawing effects influence the reactivity of imidates. These findings represent an important first step in developing a novel method toward improving traditional Mitsunobu functionalization reactions.
Base‐Catalyzed Formation of Isoxazoles from Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates and 2‐Nitroacetophenones
Authors: Sadegh‐Samiei Sepehr , Yavari Issa , Skoulika Stavroula
Published: April 2015

The reaction of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates with 1‐aryl‐2‐nitroethanones in the presence of pyridine leads to dialkyl 5‐aryloyl‐isoxazole‐3,4‐dicarboxylates through a novel mechanism, which involves a [2+2] cycloaddition/ring opening/cyclization sequence.
A Facile Route to Synthesize 1,2‐Dihydropyridine and 1,6 Pyrimidinone Analogues from 4‐Oxo‐4H‐Chromene‐3‐Carbaldehyde
Authors: Bari Ahmed
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the synthetic capability and the exploitation of the 3‐formylchromones to serve as excellent precursors for the synthesis of 1,2‐dihydropyridine and 1,6 pyrimidinone analogs using N‐nucleophiles and active methylene molecules.
A patient‐centered research agenda for the care of the acutely Ill older patient
Authors: Wald Heidi L. , Leykum Luci K. , Mattison Melissa L. P. , Vasilevskis Eduard E. , Meltzer David O.
Published: April 2015

Hospitalists and others acute‐care providers are limited by gaps in evidence addressing the needs of the acutely ill older adult population. The Society of Hospital Medicine sponsored the Acute Care of Older Patients Priority Setting Partnership to develop a research agenda focused on bridging this gap. Informed by the Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute framework for identification and prioritization of research areas, we adapted a methodology developed by the James Lind Alliance to engage diverse stakeholders in the research agenda setting process. The work of the Partnership proceeded through 4 steps: convening, consulting, collating, and prioritizing. First, the steering committee convened a partnership of 18 stakeholder organizations in May 2013. Next, stakeholder organizations surveyed members to identify important unanswered questions in the acute care of older persons, receiving 1299 responses from 580 individuals. Finally, an extensive and structured process of collation and prioritization resulted in a final list of 10 research questions in the following areas: advanced‐care planning, care transitions, delirium, dementia, depression, medications, models of care, physical function, surgery, and training. With the changing demographics of the hospitalized population, a workforce with limited geriatrics training, and gaps in evidence to inform clinical decision making for acutely ill older patients, the identified research questions deserve the highest priority in directing future research efforts to improve care for the older hospitalized patient and enrich training. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:318–327. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Intracystic mural nodules of the breast: benign versus malignant; a multidisciplinary imaging and management approach
Authors: Ferguson Melissa J.
Published: April 2015

This case report illustrates the presence of intracystic mural nodules within the breast, a benign proliferative disorder associated with the fibrocystic spectrum: papillary apocrine metaplasia. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the physical and histological attributes of benign intracystic mural nodules, and the ability to distinguish these from a malignant papilloma and carcinoma. Also, the technical and patient considerations, as well as the appropriate imaging and interventional methods required to ensure correct patient management pathway are discussed, extending into an analysis of the psychological effects felt by patients undergoing assessment.
Dynamics behavior of flat glass panels under impact conditions: Experiments and numerical modeling
Authors: Chaparala Satish , Xue Liang , Yu Da , Park Seungbae
Published: April 2015

Response of brittle plate‐like structures such as glass panels to impact loads has been the subject of many research studies. Different compositions of glass are used in wide variety of applications in daily life. Of interest in this study are the glass panels that are used in consumer electronics devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and televisions that help to protect the displays from every day wear and tear. Therefore, the requirement of this glass to resist scratches, drop impacts, and bumps from everyday use leads to the importance of investigation of the glass response under dynamic impact loading. Ball drop test is a widely accepted test for impact reliability in the industry. The test specifies the impact energy threshold as a qualification and prediction metric. Use of energy as the key parameter in impact testing is limited, because it does not account for the time spent in contact during the impact event. This study attempts to establish a reliable metric for impact testing based on a momentum change. The deformation and the strain of the glass will be obtained by the digital image correlation system, while the rebound velocity will be measured with the high‐speed cameras. The global and local measurements are conducted to verify the accuracy of the experimental results. Finite element analysis is conducted using ABAQUS to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic response of the glass. Constitutive relationship for a tape, a hyperelastic material, is developed in this study. Good correlation in deflection time history is obtained between the measurements and predictions.
Existence of solutions for a class of second‐order differential equations with impulsive effects
Authors: Nyamoradi Nemat
Published: April 2015

In this paper, by using the variational method and the critical point theorem because of Brezis and Nirenberg, we investigate the existence of solutions to a class of second‐order impulsive Hamiltonian system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical prediction of temperature elevation induced around metallic hip prostheses by traditional, split, and uniplanar gradient coils
Authors: Zilberti Luca , Bottauscio Oriano , Chiampi Mario , Hand Jeffrey , Lopez Hector Sanchez , Brühl Rüdiger , Crozier Stuart
Published: April 2015

Purpose

The paper presents a computational study for the estimation of the temperature elevation occurring in a human subject carrying metallic hip prostheses when exposed to the magnetic field produced by gradient coils.

Methods

The simulations are performed through validated numerical codes, which solve the electromagnetic and thermal equations applied to a high‐resolution anatomical human model. Three different sets of gradient coils (traditional, split and uniplanar) are considered to evaluate the maximum steady‐state temperature elevation in the human body. This result is then rescaled to take into account the waveform of the signal, the duty‐cycle and the duration of the scan.

Results

Several exposure situations obtained by changing the patient's position are analyzed, finding temperature elevations on the order of some degrees.

Conclusion

The results are of possible concern and provide evidence of the need for further specific investigations aimed at assuring the safety of potential patients carrying metallic hip implants. Magn Reson Med 74:272–279, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Celebrate institution's history with new commencement traditions
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: April 2015

Your commencement ceremony's pomp and circumstance is heightened by symbols of your institution such as the chain of office and the mace.
Offshore validation of a 3 km ERA‐Interim downscaling—WRF model's performance on static stability
Authors: Barstad Idar
Published: April 2015

In the evaluation of performance of numerical models, static stability has gained less interest and attention than many other atmospheric parameters. Nevertheless, this parameter may in fact have rather large implications as it controls such features as gravity waves and turbulence. In this paper, a closer look has been taken at the behavior of static stability in a 3 km gridded numerical downscaling of the ERA‐Interim reanalysis. The simulation performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model has been nudged towards large scale analysis (spectral nudging) and satellite‐derived ocean surface winds (Quick Scatterometer). The validation of low‐level static stability was conducted in the North Sea using data from the FINO1 mast for year 2008, and a deeper part of the atmosphere was validated using the Ekofisk oil platform radiosonde data for years 2007–2010. The offshore mast comparison shows that the model over‐predicts the number of unstable cases and that the unstable cases are not unstable enough. The model simulated a clear dependency between vertical wind shear and static stability; however, this was not the case in the observations. The model produced too few events with weak turbulence, but rather put the emphasis on intermediate turbulent intensities. With the radiosonde data measuring the static stability over a deeper part of the atmosphere, similar results as for lower levels showed. In addition, the temperature gradient across the inversion at the boundary layer top was too shallow in the model, potentially letting too much wave energy escape the boundary layer. © 2015 The Authors Wind Energy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Can Facebook Informational Use Foster Adolescent Civic Engagement?
Authors: Lenzi Michela , Vieno Alessio , Altoè Gianmarco , Scacchi Luca , Perkins Douglas D. , Zukauskiene Rita , Santinello Massimo
Published: April 2015

The findings on the association between Social Networking Sites and civic engagement are mixed. The present study aims to evaluate a theoretical model linking the informational use of Internet‐based social media (specifically, Facebook) with civic competencies and intentions for future civic engagement, taking into account the mediating role of civic discussions with family and friends and sharing the news online. Participants were 114 Italian high school students aged 14–17 years (57 % boys). Path analysis was used to evaluate the proposed theoretical model. Results showed that Facebook informational use was associated with higher levels of adolescent perceived competence for civic action, both directly and through the mediation of civic discussion with parents and friends (offline). Higher levels of civic competencies, then, were associated with a stronger intention to participate in the civic domain in the future. Our findings suggest that Facebook may provide adolescents with additional tools through which they can learn civic activities or develop the skills necessary to participate in the future.
THE ROLE OF REASONS IN EPISTEMOLOGY
Authors: Kornblith Hilary
Published: April 2015

The notion of a reason often plays a central role in epistemological theories. Justification is often explained in terms of the having of appropriate reasons, and a variety of epistemological distinctions are most naturally explained, it seems, by adverting to reasons. This paper examines the extent to which we may, instead, make do without appeal to such a notion. It is argued that the extent to which the notion of a reason should play an important role in epistemological theorizing will depend on how our psychological theories of belief acquisition and belief change are best conceptualized.
ASYMPTOTIC EXPANSIONS OF GENERALIZED QUANTILES AND EXPECTILES FOR EXTREME RISKS
Authors: Mao Tiantian , Ng Kai Wang , Hu Taizhong
Published: April 2015

Generalized quantiles of a random variable were defined as the minimizers of a general asymmetric loss function, which include quantiles, expectiles and M-quantiles as their special cases. Expectiles have been suggested as potentially better alternatives to both Value-at-Risk and expected shortfall risk measures. In this paper, we first establish the first-order expansions of generalized quantiles for extreme risks as the confidence level α↑ 1, and then investigate the first-order and/or second-order expansions of expectiles of an extreme risk as α↑ 1 according to the underlying distribution belonging to the max-domain of attraction of the Fréchet, Weibull, and Gumbel distributions, respectively. Examples are also presented to examine whether and how much the first-order expansions have been improved by the second-order expansions.