bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption during the early decomposition of different litter types over a range of temperatures in soil‐inoculated quartz sand
Authors: Hoffmann Bastian , Müller Torsten , Joergensen Rainer Georg
Published: July 2009

Oat straw, hay, and alfalfa litter, differing in microbial colonization and recalcitrance, were added to organic matter–free quartz sand (5 mg C [g material]–1) and incubated in the laboratory at 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C. Different incubation periods were chosen so that theoretically the same amounts of CO2would be produced and the same amounts of O2would be consumed for each litter type. It was investigated whether Q10values (change in respiration rate between two temperatures) increase with decreasing temperature and how much these Q10values and also the respiratory quotient (RQ: mol CO2/mol O2) depend on the litter type. The sums of CO2‐C evolved and O2consumed, but also the contents of microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N showed a nearly 7‐fold increase in the order oat straw < hay < alfalfa litter. In contrast, the ratio of the fungal cell‐membrane component ergosterol to microbial biomass C was highest in the oat straw (4.1‰) and lowest in the alfalfa litter (0.2‰). This ratio reached a similar level between 5°C and 15°C (1.9‰), significantly higher (p= 0.01) than the level at 20°C (0.9‰). Respiration was similar between 20°C and 25°C, with a mean Q10value of 1.9. The use of temperature rate‐modifying factors suggested by the carbon‐turnover model ROTHC revealed that the incubation period for similar respiration rates was underestimated at 5°C and overestimated at 25°C. The lignin‐poor and protein‐rich alfalfa litter showed the highest Q10values of the three litter types in the medium temperature range of 10°C to 20°C. In contrast, the lignin‐rich and protein‐poor oat straw showed significantly highest Q10values at 5°C and 25°C in comparison with the other two litter types. The RQ was significantly highest in the hay litter (1.05) and in comparison with alfalfa litter (0.97) and oat straw (0.92). Strong temperature‐dependent variations in Q10values and respiratory quotients suggest interactions between litter quality, microbial colonization of litter, and temperature, which warrants further investigation.
Development of novel species‐specific primers for species identification of the Lactobacillus casei group based on RAPD fingerprints
Authors: Huang Chien‐Hsun , Lee Fwu‐Ling
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND: It is difficult to clearly distinguish and identify specific species of the Lactobacillus casei group using phenotypic and genotypic (16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis) techniques alone. Some species of this group are probiotic and are widely used in the food and feed industries. The objective of this study was to develop species‐specific primers based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting for species identification within the closely related L. casei group of bacteria.

RESULTS: Three random primers termed OPT‐14, OPA‐11 and OPT‐16 were developed for analysis. The primer pairs each produced a species‐specific band found only in the tested Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans and Lactobacillus zeae isolates respectively. These specific fragments were then sequenced for further analysis. The species‐specific primers were designed according to cloned sequencing, which was employed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the template DNA of Lactobacillus strains. Single 102, 179 and 451 bp species‐specific bands were found only in L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei subsp. tolerans and L. zeae respectively.

CONCLUSION: Using PCR, the novel species‐specific primers have been shown to rapidly, accurately and effectively identify species of L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei subsp. tolerans and L. zeae from within the L. casei group of probiotic bacteria. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Rehabilitation of bilaterally paralyzed canine larynx with implantable stimulator
Authors: Zealear David L. , Kunibe Isamu , Nomura Kenichiro , Billante Cheryl , Singh Vikas , Huang Shan , Bekeny James , Choksi Yash , Harabuchi Yasuaki , Katada Akihiro
Published: July 2009

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Bilateral stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles offers a physiologic approach to rehabilitate ventilation to a normal level in case of bilateral laryngeal paralysis. The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new generation stimulator in restoring glottal opening, ventilation, and exercise tolerance.

Study Design:

A prospective study in three canines over 6 to 17 months.

Methods:

A Genesis XP stimulator and electrodes were surgically implanted, and the recurrent laryngeal nerves sectioned/repaired bilaterally. In bimonthly sessions, vocal fold movement was measured endoscopically in the anesthetized animal. The movement resulted from PCA stimulation or hypercapnea during spontaneous breathing. Exercise tolerance was measured on a treadmill using pulse oximetry and swallowing function examined by videofluoroscopy.

Results:

During the denervation phase, there was minimal ventilatory compromise and near normal exercise tolerance with the device off (12 minutes, up to 8 mph). PCA stimulation produced only nominal abduction. During the reinnervation phase, synkinetic reinnervation became significant with narrowed passive airway and paradoxical closure of the glottis during hypercapnea. Animals were stridorous and could walk for only 1 to 2 minutes at 4 mph. With the device activated, bilateral PCA stimulation increased glottal area from 50 mm2 to 250 mm2, even during hypercapnea, equaling that of a normally innervated animal. Exercise tolerance was normal. There was no evidence of aspiration during deglutition.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that severe ventilatory compromise only occurs following faulty reinnervation of laryngeal muscles. Bilateral PCA stimulation can result in complete rehabilitation of ventilation and exercise tolerance without impairment of swallowing. Laryngoscope, 2009
Prediction of deep neck abscesses by contrast‐enhanced computerized tomography in 76 clinically suspect consecutive patients
Authors: Freling Nicole , Roele Elise , Schaefer‐Prokop Cornelia , Fokkens Wytske
Published: July 2009

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Contrast‐enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) has become the imaging method of choice in patients with clinical suspicion of a deep neck abscess. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the predictive value of the diagnosis of deep neck abscess using CECT.

Study Design:

Retrospective chart review study over a 5‐year period from 2002 to 2007 by a blinded observer.

Methods:

CECT examinations of patients with clinical suspicion of a deep neck abscess were reviewed for the presence of fluid collections, rim enhancement, and abnormal air collections, which we considered as indicative for an abscess. Additionally, the location and extension of the abnormalities were documented.

Results:

In this series of 76 patients, 61 adults and 15 children, fluid collections with complete or partial rim enhancement were seen in 65 patients. In two patients large abnormal air collections were seen with nonenhancing fluid accumulation in all deep spaces. Final diagnosis was confirmed by surgery in 57 patients. In 36 patients, two or more adjacent compartments were involved. Nine patients with an abscess were treated successfully by intravenous antibiotics only. The positive predictive value (PPV) for the presence of an abscess was 82% (53/65) if all radiological signs were included. The PPV was 67% (8/12) for fluid collections without rim enhancement. Air within or adjacent to a fluid collection or excessive free air between the fascias indicated an abscess in all cases. Negative predictive value (prediction of no abscess) was 100%.

Conclusions:

The predictive value of the diagnosis deep neck abscess by CECT is high, with a PPV of 82%. The presence of air indicates abscess in all cases. Laryngoscope, 2009
Poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene) Incorporating Sterically Enshrouding m‐Terphenyl Oxacyclophane Canopies
Authors: Morgan Brad P. , Gilliard Robert J. , Loungani Rahul S. , Smith Rhett C.
Published: July 2009

A sterically encumbered m‐terphenyl oxacyclophane substituted with two aryl iodide substituents has been prepared as a versatile monomer for the preparation of π‐conjugated polymers. The monomer has been used to prepare a poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene) derivative (P1) incorporating oxacyclophane units as canopies that shield one side of the π‐system from inter‐chain interactions. The photophysical properties of P1 in dilute solution compare well to those of a poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene) derivative (P2) that lacks the canopy. The presence of the steric canopy leads to a diminished inter‐chain interaction in the solid state and enhances the kinetic response of P1 to vapors of nitro‐organics such as TNT, presumably by increasing the permeability of P1 to these analytes over that of P2.

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Inhibition of lung cancer growth in mice by dietary mixed tocopherols
Authors: Lambert Joshua D. , Lu Gang , Lee Mao‐Jung , Hu Jennifer , Ju Jihyeung , Yang Chung S.
Published: July 2009

Tocopherols are lipophilic antioxidants found in vegetable oils. Here, we examined the growth inhibitory effect of a γ‐tocopherol‐enriched tocopherol mixture (γTmT) against CL13 murine lung cancer cells grown in culture and as subcutaneous tumors in A/J mice. We found γTmT had no effect after 2 days and weakly inhibited the growth of CL13 in culture after 5 days (28% growth inhibition at 80 μM). Dietary treatment with 0.1 and 0.3% γTmT for 50 days inhibited the growth of CL13 tumors in A/J mice by 53.9 and 80.5%, respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed an increase in tumor necrosis compared to control tumors (80 and 240% increase by 0.1 and 0.3% γTmT, respectively). Dietary treatment with γTmT dose‐dependently increased γ‐ (10.0–37.6‐fold) and δ‐tocopherol (8.9–26.7‐fold) in the tumors of treated mice compared to controls. Dietary treatment with γTmT also increased plasma γ‐ (5.4–6.7‐fold) and δ‐tocopherol (5.5–7‐fold). Whereas others have demonstrated the cancer preventive activity of γTmT against mammary and colon cancer, this is the first report of growth inhibitory activity against lung cancer. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms for this anticancer activity, and to determine if such activity occurs in other models of cancer.
Complete 1H and 13C signal assignment of prenol‐10 with 3D NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Misiak Maria , Koźmiński Wiktor , Kwasiborska Maria , Wójcik Jacek , Ciepichal Ewa , Swiezewska Ewa
Published: July 2009

The complete assignment of 1H and 13C chemical shifts of natural abundance prenol‐10 is reported for the first time. It was achieved using 3D NMR experiments, which were based on random sampling of the evolution time space followed by multidimensional Fourier transform. This approach makes it possible to acquire 3D NMR spectra in a reasonable time and preserves high resolution in indirectly detected dimensions. It is shown that the interpretation of 3D COSY–HMBC and 3D TOCSY–HSQC spectra is crucial in the structural analysis of prenol‐10. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study and constitutive modelling of elasto‐plastic damage in heat‐treated mortar
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Ting , Shao J. F. , Davy C. A. , Skoczylas F.
Published: July 2009

This study investigates the effect of a heat‐treatment upon the thermo‐mechanical behaviour of a model cement‐based material, i.e. a normalized mortar, with a (w/c) ratio of 0.5. First, a whole set of varied experimental results is provided, in order to either identify or validate a thermo‐mechanical constitutive model, presented in the second paper part. Experimental responses of both hydraulic and mechanical behaviour are given after different heating/cooling cycling levels (105, 200, 300, 400∘C). The reference state, used for comparison purposes, is taken after mass stabilization at 60∘C. Typical uniaxial compression tests are provided, and original triaxial deviatoric compressive test responses are also given. Hydraulic behaviour is identified simultaneously to triaxial deviatoric compressive loading through gas permeability Kgas assessment. Kgas is well correlated with volumetric strain evolution: gas permeability increases hugely when εv testifies of a dilatant material behaviour, instead of contractile from the test start. Finally, the thermo‐mechanical model, based on a thermodynamics approach, is identified using the experimental results on uniaxial and triaxial deviatoric compression. It is also positively validated at residual state for triaxial deviatoric compression, but also by using a different stress path in lateral extension, which is at the origin of noticeable plasticity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic response of intrinsic continua for use in biological and molecular modeling: Explicit finite element formulation
Authors: Leamy Michael J. , Lee Chang‐Yong
Published: July 2009

An intrinsic beam formulation has recently appeared (AIAA J. 2003; 41(6):1131–1137), which presents the three‐dimensional equations of motion governing spatial and temporal changes in a one‐dimensional continua's curvature, strain, rectilinear velocity, and angular velocity. The formulation would suggest several computational advantages over more‐traditional displacement‐based continua approaches: low‐order interpolation functions can describe generally curved and twisted continua configurations; inter‐element displacements, slopes, strains, and curvatures can be matched; and finite rotational variables and their complexities are absent. Here, we present a completed intrinsic continua finite element development and critical analysis, which follows from an earlier preliminary treatment as applied to carbon nanotubes (Int. J. Solids Struct. 2007; 44:874–894). Modeling of nodal displacements and rotations are included. Explicit time stepping, with desired high‐frequency damping, is accomplished using an implementation of the generalized‐α method. Zero‐energy modes inherent in the formulation are also identified and rectified. Finally, we document very good agreement between results predicted with the intrinsic continua finite element simulator and results generated using more‐traditional finite element simulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Greater Epoetin alfa (EPO) doses and short‐term mortality risk among hemodialysis patients with hemoglobin levels less than 11 g/dL
Authors: Bradbury Brian D. , Do Thy P. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Critchlow Cathy W. , Brookhart M. Alan
Published: July 2009

Purpose

We examined the association between high doses of Epoetin alfa (EPO), which are used to raise and maintain hemoglobin (Hb) levels within target ranges for hemodialysis patients, and short‐term mortality risk using multivariable regression and an instrumental variable (IV) analysis.

Methods

We identified 32 734 patients receiving hemodialysis in 786 facilities from a large US dialysis provider between July 2000 and March 2002 who received care for >4 consecutive months, and had an Hb < 11 g/dL in the third month. We assessed dose titrations following the Hb < 11 g/dL and characterized facilities based on the percentage of patients with dose titrations >25% (instrument). We assessed deaths during the subsequent 90 days and evaluated the EPO dose‐mortality association using conventional linear and IV regression.

Results

The study population had a mean (SD) age of 60.4 (15.0) years; 48% were white, 42% were black and 51% were male. In unadjusted analyses, high EPO doses were associated with 90‐day mortality risk (Risk Difference, RD = 3.0 per 100 persons, 95%CI:2.3–3.6); mortality risk was attenuated after adjustment for confounding (RD = 1.5 per 100 persons, 95%CI:0.8–2.2) and not associated with high EPO dose in the pooled IV analysis, though confidence intervals (CI) were wide (RD = −0.4 per 100 persons, 95%CI:‐3.2‐2.4).

Conclusions

The difference in risk estimates between the adjusted linear regression and the IV regression suggests that the short‐term mortality related to EPO dosing may be largely attributable to confounding‐by‐indication for higher doses. The IV method, which was employed to address the possibility of residual confounding, yielded near null though imprecise effect estimates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antipsychotics‐induced ischaemic colitis and gastrointestinal necrosis: a review of the French pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Peyrière Hélène , Roux Clarisse , Ferard Claire , Deleau Nathalie , Kreft‐Jais Carmen , Hillaire‐Buys D. , Boulenger Jean‐Philippe , Blayac Jean‐Pierre
Published: July 2009

Purpose

First‐ and second‐generation antipsychotics commonly cause mild gastrointestinal hypomotility. Intestinal necrosis may be a consequence of such gastrointestinal perturbations.

Material and Methods

We reviewed all the observations of ischaemic colitis and gastrointestinal necrosis notified to the French Pharmacovigilance database (FPD) between 1997 and the end of 2006.

Results

Thirty‐eight cases of ischaemic colitis and gastrointestinal necrosis associated with antipsychotics were analysed. The average age of the patients was 42.7 ± 14.7 years (15–77 years). The digestive complication was an intestinal necrosis in 27 cases, an ischaemic colitis in 10 cases (with perforation in three cases), and one perforation. Surgical procedure (partial or total resection of the colon and/or small intestine) was performed in 24 patients. Six patients died despite surgery. Among the whole population, the outcome was fatal in 14 patients, 13 patients recovered with sequelae, six patients fully recovered, and the outcome remained unknown in five cases.

In 55.2% of the cases, the patients were treated with more than one antipsychotic medication. The most frequently involved antipsychotics were: clozapine, levomepromazine, cyamemazine, haloperidol. Associated antimuscarinic drugs (excluding antipsychotics) were found in 68.4% of patients.

Discussion/Conclusion

Intestinal necrosis associated with antipsychotics is very rare; however mortality is high, with a rapid worsening of patients towards septic shock in spite of mild clinical symptoms. It is therefore essential to monitor the patients receiving antipsychotics especially when they are prescribed concomitant medications. The occurrence of non‐specific clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain associated with vomiting and/or diarrhea should draw attention. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking personality states, current social roles and major life goals
Authors: Bleidorn Wiebke
Published: July 2009

Employing an experience‐sampling design, the interplay between personality states, social roles and major life goals was examined as it unfolds in the stream of people's daily lives. Multilevel analyses revealed a considerable amount of both within‐ and between‐person variability in state expressions of personality traits justifying further examination of predictors at both levels of analyses. Roles proved as predictors of current personality states albeit effects differed significantly between individuals. Life goals accounted for between‐person differences in average personality states but were not effective in predicting differences in relations between personality states and roles. Altogether, findings testify to the viability of the employed research strategy to analyse the interplay between both dispositional and fluctuating influences on individuals' trait expressions in behaviour. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electroreduction of hexavalent chromium by polyaniline
Authors: Binkauskiene Elena , Binkauskas Boleslovas J
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND: A plate‐gap model interpretation of enzymatic reaction kinetics and rotating disc voltammetry were applied for evaluation of the nature of the reaction of the electroreduction of Cr(VI) (as dichromate ions) on a polyaniline (PANI)‐modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode.

RESULTS: The kinetic parameters (the maximal current (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (KM)) for electroreduction of Cr(VI) on the PANI‐modified GC electrode were determined as Vmax = 0.34 × 10−7 mol cm−3 s−1 and KM = 0.47 × 10−6 mol cm−3. The reduction of dichromate is intensified by PANI film growth.

CONCLUSION: To characterise the electroreduction of Cr(VI) on a PANI‐modified GC electrode, the kinetic parameters of the reaction were determined using a plate–gap model interpretation of enzymatic reaction kinetics and rotating disc voltammetry. The catalytic nature of Cr(VI) electroreduction on the PANI‐modified electrode has been shown. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Electric‐field‐induced layer‐by‐layer fabrication of stable second‐order nonlinear optical films
Authors: Wang Shiwei , Zhao Lisha , Zhang Xiaolong , Zhang Xun , Shi Zuosen , Cui Zhanchen , Chen Xue , Yang Yanqiang
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND: Second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) films have been made using electric field poling polymer and Langmuir–Blodgett techniques with non‐centrosymmetric structures that exhibit relatively high values of nonlinear susceptibility (χ2), but the shortcomings of insufficient temporal or mechanical stability have restricted their potential applications. In this study, electric‐field‐induced layer‐by‐layer assembly was investigated as an effective technique to prepare low molecular weight chromophoric (LMWC) molecules of high degree of self‐ordering and density in NLO films.

RESULTS: A new and stable LMWC molecule, 2‐({4‐[4‐(2‐carboxy‐2‐cyanovinyl)‐Z‐phenylazo]‐phenyl}‐methylamino)‐ethyl acid (DRCB), was first designed and synthesized successfully. The chromophore possesses two negative groups, one at each end, and still retains molecular polarity after ionization. DRCB was successfully assembled with polycationic diazoresin using the electric‐field‐induced layer‐by‐layer assembly method to construct stable organic second‐order NLO multilayer films. Upon UV irradiation, the interaction between multilayers was converted from an electrostatic interaction to covalent bonds.

CONCLUSION: Due to the DC electric field effect in the assembly process, in addition to introducing the stable chromophore molecule and the covalent crosslinking structure in the films, the second‐order NLO films fabricated using the method described have large second harmonic generation response, good thermal stability and excellent chemical stability, which offer potential advantages for device applications. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Service provision for men with antisocial personality disorder who make contact with mental health services
Authors: Crawford Mike J. , Sahib Layth , Bratton Helen , Tyrer Peter , Davidson Kate
Published: July 2009

Concerns have been raised about the quality of health services for people with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). As part of a randomized trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for men with ASPD, we collected prospective data on service utilization over a 12‐month period. Among the 52 men that participated, 96% had evidence of anxiety disorder and 64% met criteria for probable alcohol misuse. Almost half the sample presented to emergency medical services and 21% were admitted to a mental health inpatient unit during the following year. Despite this, only 11 (21%) were provided with follow‐up care from mental health services. Levels of alcohol and drug misuse were lower among those that were given follow‐up (27.3% compared with 63.4%, p < 0.05). Although services for people with personality disorder in Britain have expanded, most men with ASPD do not receive follow‐up care from mental health services. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and vibrational study of 2‐(2′‐ furyl)‐4,5‐1H‐dihydroimidazole
Authors: Zinczuk Juan , Ledesma Ana Estela , Brandán Silvia Antonia , Piro Oscar Enrique , López‐González Juan Jesús , Ben Altabef Aída
Published: July 2009

In this study 2‐(2′‐furyl)‐4,5‐1H‐dihydroimidazole(1)was prepared and then characterized by infrared, Raman, and multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The crystal and molecular structures of1were determined by X‐ray diffraction methods. The density functional theory (DFT) and second‐order Møller–Plesset theory (MP2) with Pople's basis set show that there are two conformers for the title molecule that have been theoretically determined in the gas phase, and that only one of them, conformer I, is present in the solid phase. NMR spectra observed for1were successfully compared with the calculated chemical shifts at the B3LYP/6‐311++G** level theorized for this conformer. The harmonic vibrational frequencies for the optimized geometry of the latter conformer were calculated at the B3LYP/6‐311++G** level in the approximation of the isolated molecule. For a complete assignment of the IR and Raman spectra in the solid phase of1, DFT calculations were combined with Pulay´s scaled quantum mechanics force field (SQMFF) methodology to fit the theoretical frequency values to the experimental ones. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of a paired human liver healthy versus carcinoma cell lines with the same genetic background to identify potential hepatocellular carcinoma markers
Authors: Bao Huimin , Song Peiming , Liu Qingping , Liu Yinkun , Yun Dong , Saiyin Hexige , Du Ruyun , Zhang Yang , Fan Huizhi , Yang Pengyuan , Chen Xian
Published: July 2009

To comprehensively measure global changes in protein expression associated with human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), comparative proteomic analysis of two cell lines derived from the healthy and carcinoma tissue of a same donor respectively was conducted using quantitative amino acid‐coded mass tagging /stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture‐based LC‐MS/MS approach. Among a total of 501 proteins precisely quantified, the expressions of 128 proteins were significantly altered including 70 proteins up‐regulated and 58 down‐regulated in HCC cells. According to their previously characterized functions, the differentially expressed proteins were found associated with nine functional categories including glycolysis, stress response, cell communication, cell cycle, apoptosis/death, etc. For example, multiple enzymes involving glycolysis pathway were found differentially regulated in HCC cells, illustrating the critical participation of glycolysis in the HCC transformation. The accuracy of certain differentially expressed proteins identified through the amino acid‐coded mass tagging‐based quantification was validated in the paired cell lines, and later their pathological correlations were examined in multiple clinical pairs of normal versus tumor tissues from HCC specimen by using a variety of biological approaches including Western blotting and in situ immunoassays. These consistencies suggested that multiple proteins such as HSP27, annexin V, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, nucleolin and elongation factor Tu could be the biomarkers candidates for diagnosis of HCC.
Detection of urinary biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute renal allograft rejection by proteomic analysis
Authors: Jia Xiongfei , Gan Chengjun , Xiao Ke , He Weifeng , Zhang Tao , Huang Cibing , Wu Xiongfei , Luo Gaoxing , Wang Xiaojuan , Hu Jie , Tan Jiangling , Zhang Xiaorong , Larsen Peter Mose , Wu Jun
Published: July 2009

Acute allograft rejection has been recognized as a major impediment to improved success in renal transplantation. Timely detection and control of rejection are very important for the improvement in long‐term renal allograft survival. Thus, biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute rejection are required urgently to clinical medication. This study seeks to search for such biomarker candidates by comparing patients' pre‐treatment urinary protein profiling with their post‐treatment urinary protein profiling. A total of 15 significantly and consistently down‐regulated protein candidates were identified. Among them, alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin precursor (AACT), tumor rejection antigen gp96 (GP96) and Zn‐Alpha‐2‐Glycoprotein (ZAG) were selected for further analysis. The results indicated that Western Blot assay of AACT, GP96 and ZAG had advanced the diagnosis time of acute renal rejection by 3 days, compared with current standard clinical observation and laboratory examination. Furthermore, the double‐blind detection revealed that the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of acute renal rejection of AACT, GP96 and ZAG were 66.67%/100%/60%, 83.33%/100%/80% and 66.67%/100%/60%, respectively, and 100%/100%/100% in combination. In conclusion, urinary protein AACT, GP96 and ZAG could be a set of potential biomarkers for early non‐invasive diagnosis of the acute rejection after renal transplantation.
High‐temperature stability of Au/p‐type diamond Schottky diode
Authors: Teraji Tokuyuki , Koide Yasuo , Ito Toshimichi
Published: July 2009

Rectification properties of Au Schottky diodes were investigated in high‐temperature operation. These diodes were fabricated on a p‐type diamond single crystal using the vacuum‐ultraviolet light/ozone treatment. The ideality factor n of the Schottky diodes decreased monotonically with increasing measurement temperature whereas the Schottky barrier height ϕb increased, and ϕb reached 2.6 eV at 550 K with n of 1.1. Through high temperature heating at 870 K, the mean value of ϕb at 300 K changed permanently from 2.2 eV to 1.1 eV. Decrease of ϕb might originate from a dissolution of oxygen termination at the Au/diamond interface. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A systematic review on the sambuci fructus effect and efficacy profiles
Authors: Vlachojannis J. E. , Cameron M. , Chrubasik S.
Published: July 2009

The berries of European elder are used in traditional German medicine for various complaints. Due to insufficient research data, elderberry fruit was not monographed by the German Commission E at the end of the last century. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to summarize the pharmacological and clinical effects of elderberry fruit. Several databases and other sources were searched to identify in vitro and animal studies, and clinical trials investigating elderberry fruit preparations. For the latter, the level of evidence was evaluated as described previously.

Elderberry fruit preparations may provide antioxidant, antiviral and antiproliferative effects in vitro. One animal experiment and one clinical trial were able to back the antioxidative impact in terms of a weak antilipidemic effect. Antibacterial and antiinflammatory effects seem possible, but need further support. In rats, an aqueous elderberry fruit extract produced central depression and analgesia and an ethanol fruit extract improved acetic acid‐induced colitis. Several in vitro studies together with two exploratory studies in humans and one open study in chimpanzees indicate that the aqueous elderberry extract SambucolR may be useful for the treatment of viral influenza infections.

These promising effects of elderberry fruit preparations from experimental and clinical studies should be backed by more rigorous studies before these preparations are recommended in the prevention of diseases and in treatment schedules. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytoprotective role of astaxanthin against glycated protein/iron chelate‐induced toxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Nishigaki Ikuo , Rajendran Peramaiyan , Venugopal Ramachandran , Ekambaram Gnapathy , Sakthisekaran Dhanapal , Nishigaki Yutaka
Published: July 2009

Astaxanthin (ASX), a red carotenoid pigment with no pro‐vitamin A activity, is a biological antioxidant that occurs naturally in a wide variety of plants, algae and seafoods. This study investigated whether ASX could inhibit glycated protein/iron chelate‐induced toxicity in human umbilical‐vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by interfering with ROS generation in these cells. Glycated fetal bovine serum (GFBS) was prepared by incubating fetal bovine serum (FBS) with high‐concentration glucose. Stimulation of cultured HUVECs with 50 mm 1 mL of GFBS significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of phase II enzymes. However, preincubation of the cultures with ASX resulted in a marked decrease in the level of lipid peroxide (LPO) and an increase in the levels of antioxidant enzymes in an ASX concentration‐dependent manner. These results demonstrate that ASX could inhibit LPO formation and enhance the antioxidant enzyme status in GFBS/iron chelate‐exposed endothelial cells by suppressing ROS generation, thereby limiting the effects of the AGE–RAGE interaction. The results indicate that ASX could have a beneficial role against glycated protein/iron chelate‐induced toxicity by preventing lipid and protein oxidation and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QSAR Approach to Correlate TRPV1 Antagonist Activity for a Series of Heteroaromatic Urea
Authors: Taskin Tugba , Sevin Fatma
Published: July 2009

Quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) studies have been performed on heterocyclic urea derivatives (n=86) as transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) antagonists. The whole data set was divided into a training set (81% of the dataset) and a test set (remaining 19%) randomly. Models with genetic function approximation (GFA) and partial least‐squares (PLS) algorithms, developed from the training set were used to assess the predictive potential of the models using test set compounds. Obtained nonlinear and linear QSAR models were developed by using constitutional, chemical and topological descriptors, Num. Rings, Mol. Vol. and PHI to relate to TRPV1 antagonist activity.
Methodologies to analyze surface bonding properties using parametric and density functional methods
Authors: Ruette Fernando , Sánchez Morella , Castellano Olga , Soscún Humberto
Published: July 2009

This work presents two general methodologies to calculate bond adsorption energy (BAE) between surface and adsorbate using parametric quantum (PQM) and density functional (DFM) methods. The first one corresponds to the bond partition energy technique that is directly applied to PQMs by using energy partition approach and considering diatomic and monoatomic energy changes. The second methodology to evaluate BAE, as well as for PQMs and DFMs, is by means of the following equation:whereEadsis the adsorption energy and ΔEsand ΔEacorrespond to energy changes in the surface and substrate due to adsorption, respectively. Applications to radical adsorption: H°, CH2°, and CH3° is performed on a grafitic grain model, using a polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), such as coronene. The methods employed are a PQM (CATIVIC program) and DFMs (GAUSSIAN and DMol software packages). Results show thatEadsis completely different of BAE, because of distortion of surface and adsorbate. There is a strong destabilization in the region adjacent to the adsorption site and stabilization in the rest of the surface. Two terms for BAE are reported: one that corresponds to direct bonding interaction (BAEb) and other to long range ones, due to electrostatic interaction (BAEe). Owing to the important effects of bond strength adsorbate–surface interaction, results suggest that BAE is fundamental for understanding bond activation in adsorbate and surface, cooperative effects, diffusion, reaction, and desorption process. In general, similar results were found for both CATIVIC and DFMs, by using the second methodology. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
New intermolecular benchmark calculations on the water dimer: SAPT and supermolecular post‐Hartree–Fock approaches
Authors: Reinhardt P. , Piquemal J.‐P.
Published: July 2009

In this contribution, we propose accurate intermolecular benchmarks for the 10 standardized water dimers initially proposed by van Duijneveldt et al., following a study by Smith et al. (J Chem Phys, 1990, 92, 1240). Using the popular triple‐zeta aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis set, symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) computations have been performed and compared with supermolecular post‐Hartree–Fock techniques up to most recent explicitly correlated methods. Effects of approximated inclusion of third‐order corrections to induction and exchange‐induction energies are discussed. As SAPT results are close to the best available ab initio ones, detailed analysis of the available individual SAPT contributions to the interaction energy confirms that electron correlation acts not only on its long‐range dispersion part but also on its separated physical components. This permits to assess the validity of the usual HF+Dispersion model as approximation to add pure correlation effects to orbital‐based interaction schemes. The study proposes extensive benchmark data in a Supporting Information part to provide useful data for the development and the test of new force field energy functions for water. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Core repulsion effects in alkali trimers
Authors: Guérout R. , Soldán P. , Aymar M. , Deiglmayr J. , Dulieu O.
Published: July 2009

The present article is related to a talk presented during the Symposium on Coherent Control and Ultracold Chemistry held during the Sixth Congress of the International Society for Theoretical Chemical Physics (ISTCP‐VI, July 2008). The talk was entitled “Electronic structure properties of alkali dimers and trimers. Prospects for alignment of ultracold molecules.” Here we report on the electrostatic repulsion forces of the ionic cores at short separation, involved when the potential energy surfaces of alkali trimers are calculated with a quantum chemistry approach based on effective large‐core potentials for ionic core description. We demonstrate that such forces in the triatomic molecule can be obtained as the sum of three pairwise terms. We illustrate our results on the lowest electronic states of Cs3, which are computed for the first time within a full configuration interaction based on a large Gaussian basis set. As a preliminary section, we also propose a brief introduction about the importance of alkali trimer systems in the context of cold and ultracold molecules. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
2‐DOF discrete‐time nonlinear ℋ︁∞‐filters
Authors: Aliyu M. D. S. , Boukas E. K.
Published: July 2009

In this paper, a new theory of two‐degrees‐of‐freedom (2‐DOF)‐ℋ︁∞ and certainty‐equivalent filters is presented. Exact and approximate solutions to the nonlinear ℋ︁∞ filtering problem using this class of filters are derived in terms of discrete‐time Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs equations. The expressions for the filter gains are determined as functions of the filter state and the system's output in contrast to earlier results. Hence, it is shown that coupled with the additional degree‐of‐freedom, these filters are a substantial improvement over the earlier 1‐DOF case. The theory presented is also generalized to n‐DOF filters, which bore strong connections to linear infinite‐impulse response filters and hence are generalizations of this class of filters to the nonlinear setting. Simulation results are also given to show the usefulness of the new approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐Pressure Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Properties of the Transition Metal Borates β‐MB4O7 (M = Fe, Co)
Authors: Neumair Stephanie C. , Knyrim Johanna S. , Glaum Robert , Huppertz Hubert
Published: July 2009

The tetraborates β‐FeB4O7 and β‐CoB4O7 were synthesized under high‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions of 10.5 GPa/900 °C (β‐FeB4O7) and 7.5 GPa / 1250 °C (β‐CoB4O7) in a Walker‐type multianvil apparatus. Single crystal structure determinations of both compounds revealed an isotypy to β‐MB4O7 (M = Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn) and completed the series β‐MB4O7 from M = Mn–Zn. β‐FeB4O7 and β‐CoB4O7 crystallize in the space group Cmcm (Z = 4) with the parameters a = 1088.3(2), b = 652.4(2), c = 519.5(1) pm, V = 0.3688(2) nm3, R1 = 0.0376, wR2 = 0.1020 (all data), and a = 1087.0(2), b = 646.8(2), c = 517.4(2) pm, V = 0.3638(2) nm3, R1 = 0.0224, wR2 = 0.0561 (all data), respectively. The compounds consist exclusively of corner‐sharing BO4‐tetrahedra, forming a network with channels of four‐ and six‐membered rings. Inside the six‐membered rings, the metal ions are coordinated with five oxygen ions. β‐CoB4O7 shows distinct dichroic behavior.
Russell Strong and the History of Reduced‐Size Liver Transplantation
Authors: Garcea Guiseppe , Nabi Hajir , Maddern Guy J.
Published: July 2009

On the basis of their innovation and experience with reduced‐size grafts in children, 20 years ago, Russell Strong and his team in Brisbane, Australia, performed the first successful living donor liver transplant in the world from a mother to her son. The mismatch between supply and demand for deceased donor organs has fueled the expansion of all forms of reduced‐size grafts, including split‐liver and living donor transplantation. This review outlines the story of Russell Strong, reduced‐size liver transplantation techniques, and the development of living donor liver transplantation.
Phylogeography of the Coccus scale insects inhabiting myrmecophytic Macaranga plants in Southeast Asia
Authors: Ueda Shouhei , Quek Swee‐Peck , Itioka Takao , Murase Kaori , Itino Takao
Published: July 2009

Comparative historical biogeography of multiple symbionts occurring on a common host taxa can shed light on the processes of symbiont diversification. Myrmecophytic Macaranga plants are associated with the obligate mutualistic symbionts: Crematogaster (subgenus Decacrema) ants and Coccus scale insects. We conduct phylogeographic analyses based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) from 253 scale insects collected from 15 locations in Borneo, Malaya and Sumatra, to investigate the historical biogeography of the scales, and then to draw comparisons with that of the symbiotic, but independently dispersing, Decacrema ants which are not specific to different Coccus lineages. Despite the different mode of ancient diversification, reconstruction of ancestral area and age estimation on the Coccus phylogeny showed that the scales repeatedly migrated between Borneo and Malaya from Pliocene to Pleistocene, which is consistent with the Decacrema ants. Just as with the ants, the highest number of lineages in the scale insects was found in northern northwest Borneo, suggesting that these regions were rainforest refugia during cool dry phases of the Pleistocene. Overall, general congruence between the Plio–Pleistocene diversification histories of the symbiotic scales and ants suggests that they experienced a common history of extinction/migration despite their independent mode of dispersal and host‐colonization.
Fatty Acid Composition of Baccaurea courtallensis Muell. Arg Seed Oil: an Endemic Species of Western Ghats, India
Authors: Mohan Srinivasa
Published: July 2009

Baccaurea courtallensis Muell. Arg., a moderately sized evergreen tree of the Euphorbiaceae, is endemic to Western Ghats. Its fruits are edible, sour in taste, and contain 2–4 seeds. The native residents harvest the fruits for their medicinal value and for pickling. The seed weight is 0.28 g or 1.0 kg contains 3,500 seeds with a seed coat. The fruit to seed weight ratio is 34:1. Virtually, no work on the chemistry of the seeds or fruit of the species has been reported. Seeds of the species contain 22.5% oil on a dry kernel weight basis. Analysis of the composition of the oil revealed two major fatty acids palmitic acid (42.59%) and oleic acid (36.15%). Stearic acid content was 16.20% and myristic acid was 4.28% of the oil. Two minor acids present were lauric acid (0.40%) and linoleic acid (0.38%) and also including traces of linolenic acid. Physico‐chemical properties of the oil showed an acid value of 1.402, a saponification value of 166.89, a refractive index of 0.4239, a specific gravity of −0.938, and an optical rotation of α at 29 °C + 0.35° (λ = 589 nm).
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of interventions relevant for young offenders with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or self‐harm
Authors: Townsend Ellen , Walker Dawn‐Marie , Sargeant Sally , Vostanis Panos , Hawton Keith , Stocker Olivia , Sithole Jabulani
Published: June 2009

Background

Mood and anxiety disorders, and problems with self‐harm are significant and serious issues that are common in young people in the Criminal Justice System.

Aims

To examine whether interventions relevant to young offenders with mood or anxiety disorders, or problems with self‐harm are effective.

Method

Systematic review and meta‐analysis of data from randomised controlled trials relevant to young offenders experiencing these problems.

Results

An exhaustive search of the worldwide literature (published and unpublished) yielded 10 studies suitable for inclusion in this review. Meta‐analysis of data from three studies (with a total population of 171 individuals) revealed that group‐based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) may help to reduce symptoms of depression in young offenders.

Conclusions

These preliminary findings suggest that group‐based CBT may be useful for young offenders with such mental health problems, but larger high quality RCTs are now needed to bolster the evidence‐base.
Journal Quality: A Google Scholar Analysis
Authors: Soutar Geoffrey N. , Murphy Jamie
Published: June 2009

Research quality has become a major issue in the Australian university system and journal quality, as determined by discipline committees, seems likely to play a major role in the government's new assessment system, which will have financial and reputational implications for disciplines and individual academics. The present study examined the Google citations, which are a measure of journal influence, obtained by all of the marketing journals rated as A* and A in the Government's recent journal list, as well as 10 B and 10 C rated journals to see how the journals differ. The implications of the results for Australian marketing academics are discussed.
Delegated Bargaining in Distribution Channels
Authors: Gabrielsen Tommy Staahl , Roth Stefan
Published: June 2009

In this paper we analyse a two-manufacturer two-agent model in which manufacturers delegate sales and price negotiations to exclusive, separate, and independent agents. Manufacturers first choose a pricing arrangement (two-part tariff versus linear tariff) and then set wholesale prices to their agents. Given this, agents advertise prices to consumers as a basis for negotiations. Finally, consumers make their buying decision and bargain about the actually paid price once they arrive at an agent's location. We show that both franchise pricing and linear pricing can be supported as equilibrium outcomes depending on the agents’ fixed costs and consumer bargaining power. It is shown that consumers may be worse off from the ability to bargain and more so the higher their bargaining power. The latter is true if wholesale prices are ex ante unobservable and manufacturers use two-part tariffs. In the case of linear pricing, consumers gain from the ability to bargain and more so the higher bargaining power they have. On the balance, however, consumers are worse off from higher bargaining power due to the fact that increasing bargaining power affects manufacturer equilibrium strategies: they switch from two-part tariffs to linear tariffs, which results in a dramatic drop of consumer surplus. Although consumers than benefit from having higher bargaining power, consumer surplus does not exceed the level that would be reached without bargaining. Hence, consumers always lose from negotiating prices with retailers.