bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CO Oxidation over Pd/ZrO2 Catalysts: Role of Support′s Donor Sites
Authors: Vedyagin Aleksey , Volodin Alexander , Kenzhin Roman , Chesnokov Vladimir , Mishakov Ilya
Published: September 2016

A series of supported Pd/ZrO2 catalysts with Pd loading from 0.2 to 2 wt % was synthesized. The ZrO2 material prepared by a similar technique was used as a reference sample. The samples have been characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), testing reaction of ethane hydrogenolysis (HGE), N2 adsorption, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene was used as a probe molecule for the EPR spin probe method. The catalytic performance of samples was tested in the model reaction of CO oxidation. It was shown that the concentration of donor sites of support measured by EPR spin probe correlates with catalytic behavior during light-off tests. Low concentration of donor sites on a support’s surface was found to be caused by the presence of the specific surface defects that are related to existence of coordinately unsaturated structures.
Group I Intron Internal Guide Sequence Binding Strength as a Component of Ribozyme Network Formation
Authors: Satterwhite Laura , Yeates Jessica , Lehman Niles
Published: September 2016

Origins-of-life research requires searching for a plausible transition from simple chemicals to larger macromolecules that can both hold information and catalyze their own production. We have previously shown that some group I intron ribozymes possess the ability to help synthesize other ribozyme genotypes by recombination reactions in small networks in an autocatalytic fashion. By simplifying these recombination reactions, using fluorescent anisotropy, we quantified the thermodynamic binding strength between two nucleotides of two group I intron RNA fragments for all 16 possible genotype combinations. We provide evidence that the binding strength (KD) between the 3-nucleotide internal guide sequence (IGS) of one ribozyme and its complement in another is correlated to the catalytic ability of the ribozyme. This work demonstrates that one can begin to deconstruct the thermodynamic basis of information in prebiotic RNA systems.
A Trypsin Inhibitor from Tamarind Reduces Food Intake and Improves Inflammatory Status in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome Regardless of Weight Loss
Authors: Carvalho Fabiana , Lima Vanessa , Costa Izael , Medeiros Amanda , Serquiz Alexandre , Lima Maíra , Serquiz Raphael , Maciel Bruna , Uchôa Adriana , Santos Elizeu , Morais Ana
Published: September 2016

Trypsin inhibitors are studied in a variety of models for their anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory bioactive properties. Our group has previously demonstrated the satietogenic effect of tamarind seed trypsin inhibitors (TTI) in eutrophic mouse models and anti-inflammatory effects of other trypsin inhibitors. In this study, we evaluated TTI effect upon satiety, biochemical and inflammatory parameters in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Three groups of n = 5 male Wistar rats with obesity-based MetS received for 10 days one of the following: (1) Cafeteria diet; (2) Cafeteria diet + TTI (25 mg/kg); and (3) Standard diet. TTI reduced food intake in animals with MetS. Nevertheless, weight gain was not different between studied groups. Dyslipidemia parameters were not different with the use of TTI, only the group receiving standard diet showed lower very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides (TG) (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.05). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production did not differ between groups. Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was lower in animals receiving TTI. Our results corroborate the satietogenic effect of TTI in a MetS model. Furthermore, we showed that TTI added to a cafeteria diet may decrease inflammation regardless of weight loss. This puts TTI as a candidate for studies to test its effectiveness as an adjuvant in MetS treatment.
A Courageous Report on the Management of Malnutrition
Authors: Bollinger Lucy , Trehan Indi
Published: September 2016

Globally, childhood undernutrition continues to be a major public health concern, with an estimated 165 million children classiﬁed as stunted and 51.5 million suffering from acute malnutrition.[...]
Comparison of Methods for Estimating Fractional Cover of Photosynthetic and Non-Photosynthetic Vegetation in the Otindag Sandy Land Using GF-1 Wide-Field View Data
Authors: Li Xiaosong , Zheng Guoxiong , Wang Jinying , Ji Cuicui , Sun Bin , Gao Zhihai
Published: September 2016

Photosynthetic vegetation (PV) and non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) are important ground cover types for desertification monitoring and land management. Hyperspectral remote sensing has been proven effective for separating NPV from bare soil, but few studies determined fractional cover of PV (fpv) and NPV (fnpv) using multispectral information. The purpose of this study is to evaluate several spectral unmixing approaches for retrieval of fpv and fnpv in the Otindag Sandy Land using GF-1 wide-field view (WFV) data. To deal with endmember variability, pixel-invariant (Spectral Mixture Analysis, SMA) and pixel-variable (Multi-Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis, MESMA, and Automated Monte Carlo Unmixing Analysis, AutoMCU) endmember selection approaches were applied. Observed fractional cover data from 104 field sites were used for comparison. For fpv, all methods show statistically significant correlations with observed data, among which AutoMCU had the highest performance (R2 = 0.49, RMSE = 0.17), followed by MESMA (R2 = 0.48, RMSE = 0.21), and SMA (R2 = 0.47, RMSE = 0.27). For fnpv, MESMA had the lowest performance (R2 = 0.11, RMSE = 0.24) because of coupling effects of the NPV and bare soil endmembers, SMA overestimates fnpv (R2 = 0.41, RMSE = 0.20), but is significantly correlated with observed data, and AutoMCU provides the most accurate predictions of fnpv (R2 = 0.49, RMSE = 0.09). Thus, the AutoMCU approach is proven to be more effective than SMA and MESMA, and GF-1 WFV data are capable of distinguishing NPV from bare soil in the Otindag Sandy Land.
Catenary System Detection, Localization and Classification Using Mobile Scanning Data
Authors: Pastucha Elżbieta
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a new method for detecting, locating and classifying overhead contact systems (catenary systems) in point clouds collected by mobile mapping systems (MMS) on rail roads. Contrary to many other application types, railway embankments are highly regulated and standardized. Railway infrastructure geometric relations remain roughly unchanged within established regions and have similarities between them. The newly-developed method exploits both these characteristics, as well as the survey process. There are several steps in this approach. Firstly, it restricts the search for catenaries relative to the distance to registered MMS trajectory, then finds possible support structures according to the density of points above the track. Subsequently, the method verifies the structures’ presence and classifies the points with the use of the RANSAC algorithm. It establishes the presence of cantilevers, as well as poles or structural beams, depending on the type of detected support structure. The method also determines the coordinates of the identified object on the ground. Finally, a classification is clarified with the use of a modified DBSCAN algorithm. The design method has been verified with data collected in four surveys where the cumulative length of the route was almost 90 km. Over 97% of support structures were correctly detected, and out of these, over 95% were completely classified.
Inferring Human Activity Recognition with Ambient Sound on Wireless Sensor Nodes
Authors: Salomons Etto , Havinga Paul , Van Leeuwen Henk
Published: September 2016

A wireless sensor network that consists of nodes with a sound sensor can be used to obtain context awareness in home environments. However, the limited processing power of wireless nodes offers a challenge when extracting features from the signal, and subsequently, classifying the source. Although multiple papers can be found on different methods of sound classification, none of these are aimed at limited hardware or take the efficiency of the algorithms into account. In this paper, we compare and evaluate several classification methods on a real sensor platform using different feature types and classifiers, in order to find an approach that results in a good classifier that can run on limited hardware. To be as realistic as possible, we trained our classifiers using sound waves from many different sources. We conclude that despite the fact that the classifiers are often of low quality due to the highly restricted hardware resources, sufficient performance can be achieved when (1) the window length for our classifiers is increased, and (2) if we apply a two-step approach that uses a refined classification after a global classification has been performed.
Infrared LED Enhanced Spectroscopic CdZnTe Detector Working under High Fluxes of X-rays
Authors: Pekárek Jakub , Dědič Václav , Franc Jan , Belas Eduard , Rejhon Martin , Moravec Pavel , Touš Jan , Voltr Josef
Published: September 2016

This paper describes an application of infrared light-induced de-polarization applied on a polarized CdZnTe detector working under high radiation fluxes. We newly demonstrate the influence of a high flux of X-rays and simultaneous 1200-nm LED illumination on the spectroscopic properties of a CdZnTe detector. CdZnTe detectors operating under high radiation fluxes usually suffer from the polarization effect, which occurs due to a screening of the internal electric field by a positive space charge caused by photogenerated holes trapped at a deep level. Polarization results in the degradation of detector charge collection efficiency. We studied the spectroscopic behavior of CdZnTe under various X-ray fluxes ranging between 5 × 10 5 and 8 × 10 6 photons per mm 2 per second. It was observed that polarization occurs at an X-ray flux higher than 3 × 10 6 mm − 2 ·s − 1 . Using simultaneous illumination of the detector by a de-polarizing LED at 1200 nm, it was possible to recover X-ray spectra originally deformed by the polarization effect.
Adopters and Non-Adopters of Low-Cost Household Latrines: A Study of Corbelled Pit Latrines in 15 Districts of Malawi
Authors: Holm Rochelle , Tembo Mavuto , Njera Dalo , Kasulo Victor , Malota Mphatso , Chipeta Willy , Singini Wales , Mchenga Joshua
Published: September 2016

The Sustainable Development Goals will challenge low- and middle-income settings to look at new approaches for rural sanitation. In 2013, Mzuzu University, in partnership with United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Malawi, started a low-cost latrine program in rural areas using the corbelled latrine design supported by locally owned sustainable businesses. The objective of this work was to trace customers (early household adopters) and non-customers through field observations and interviews in 15 districts of Malawi. The research team spent 193 personnel work days in data collection and found 21 households as adopters in 7 districts. Most respondents had a preference with regard to the design of the sanitation facility they would like to use. Although sharing of sanitation facilities was common, the corbelled latrine is promoted as a single household pit latrine design. Unfortunately, 8% (23/304) of non-adopters responded they practiced open defecation. Households were satisfied with the corbelled latrine design, and no latrine was found to have collapsed during field visits. To promote the corbelled latrine in Malawi, the following are recommended: (1) education of frontline government extension workers towards non-subsidized household latrines; (2) identification of rural low-income households as the best target for potential adopters; and (3) linkage of low-cost sanitation technologies to community mobilization campaigns led by the government, such as Community Led Total Sanitation.
Assessing Ecotourism Potential of Traditional Wooden Architecture in Rural Areas: The Case of Papart Valley
Authors: Okan Taner , Köse Nesibe , Arifoğlu Elif , Köse Coşkun
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study is to reveal the resource values that the rural areas host, and with a very disciplined approach, to discuss opportunities to benefit from those values in terms of ecotourism practices specific to Papart Valley. As a first step in this study, we took an inventory of natural and cultural assets of Papart Valley in Eastern Black Sea Region, Artvin province. Then, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis was conducted with the participation of all stakeholders and the current situation was analyzed in terms of ecotourism practices. In light of SWOT results, along with observed natural resource assets in the region, the traditional wooden houses were seen to have potential in terms of ecotourism and it was detected that there were a large number of wooden homes and home plans suitable for both the settlement of the local people and accommodation of guests. On the other hand, it was determined that there was a lack of information for sufficient protection and care of wooden houses, and despite their potential, there was a lack of regulations and positive attitudes towards accomodation businesses in traditional wooden houses. In order to eliminate these deficiencies, proposals for the protection of traditional building stock were developed, by first determining the causes of material degradation in the wooden houses. Also, to emphasize the worth and importance of these structures, dendrochronology studies were conducted in order to determine the antiquity of the structures and potentially to make them more attractive for eco-tourism.
BmP02 Atypically Delays Kv4.2 Inactivation: Implication for a Unique Interaction between Scorpion Toxin and Potassium Channel
Authors: Wu Bin , Zhu Yan , Shi Jian , Tao Jie , Ji Yonghua
Published: September 2016

BmP02, a short-chain peptide with 28 residues from the venom of Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch, has been reported to inhibit the transient outward potassium currents (Ito) in rat ventricular muscle cells. However, it remains unclear whether BmP02 modulates the Kv4.2 channel, one of the main contributors to Ito. The present study investigated the effects of BmP02 on Kv4.2 kinetics and its underlying molecular mechanism. The electrophysiological recordings showed that the inactivation of Kv4.2 expressed in HEK293T cells was significantly delayed by BmP02 in a dose-response manner with EC50 of ~850 nM while the peak current, activation and voltage-dependent inactivation of Kv4.2 were not affected. Meanwhile, the recovery from inactivation of Kv4.2 was accelerated and the deactivation was slowed after the application of BmP02. The site-directed mutagenesis combined with computational modelling identified that K347 and K353, located in the turret motif of the Kv4.2, and E4/E5, D20/D21 in BmP02 are key residues to interact with BmP02 through electrostatic force. These findings not only reveal a novel interaction between Kv4.2 channel and its peptidyl modulator, but also provide valuable information for design of highly-selective Kv4.2 modulators.
Modeling of Coupled Water and Heat Transfer in Freezing and Thawing Soils, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Zhao Ying , Si Bingcheng , He Hailong , Xu Jinghui , Peth Stephan , Horn Rainer
Published: September 2016

Accurate simulation of soil water and heat transfer is critical to understand surface hydrology under cold conditions. Using an extended freezing code in HYDRUS-1D (freezing module), this study was conducted: (1) to evaluate the freezing module using field data collected in a grazed steppe of Inner Mongolia; and (2) to further simulate grazing effects on frozen soil hydrological processes. The experimental data consisted of soil water and temperature profiles measured during freeze-thaw cycles from 2005 to 2006 in two plots (ungrazed since 1979 (UG79) and winter grazing (WG)). To check the sensitivity of the freezing module, a model without a freezing scheme (normal module) was used for comparison. We found that while the normal module can only simulate soil water and heat transfer under unfrozen conditions, the freezing module can simulate well under both frozen and unfrozen conditions. The freezing module can reasonably compute water phase change and, therefore, substantially improved the simulation of the evolution of liquid water and temperature in frozen soil. It overestimated liquid water content during spring snowmelt and, thus, underestimated surface runoff from underlying frozen soil layers. Furthermore, the weak prediction of soil moisture at the WG site, compared with the UG79 site, might relate to the less than ideal parameterization of soil hydraulic properties. Our results confirmed that the freezing module was able to accurately predict behaviors of soil freezing and thawing, as well as the effects of land management. We suggest that detailed knowledge of the soil-atmosphere processes is needed to improve the surface runoff algorithm in the frozen soil module.
A standardized method to determine the concentration of extracellular vesicles using tunable resistive pulse sensing
Authors: Vogel Robert , Coumans Frank A. W. , Maltesen Raluca G. , Böing Anita N. , Bonnington Katherine E. , Broekman Marike L. , Broom Murray F. , Buzás Edit I. , Christiansen Gunna , Hajji Najat , Kristensen Søren R. , Kuehn Meta J. , Lund Sigrid M. , Maas Sybren L. N. , Nieuwland Rienk , Osteikoetxea Xabier , Schnoor Rosalie , Scicluna Benjamin J. , Shambrook Mitch , de Vrij Jeroen , Mann Stephen I. , Hill Andrew F. , Pedersen Shona
Published: September 2016

Background

Understanding the pathogenic role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in disease and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility is extremely reliant on in‐depth quantification, measurement and identification of EV sub‐populations. Quantification of EVs has presented several challenges, predominantly due to the small size of vesicles such as exosomes and the availability of various technologies to measure nanosized particles, each technology having its own limitations.

Materials and Methods

A standardized methodology to measure the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been developed and tested. The method is based on measuring the EV concentration as a function of a defined size range. Blood plasma EVs are isolated and purified using size exclusion columns (qEV) and consecutively measured with tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS). Six independent research groups measured liposome and EV samples with the aim to evaluate the developed methodology. Each group measured identical samples using up to 5 nanopores with 3 repeat measurements per pore. Descriptive statistics and unsupervised multivariate data analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate reproducibility across the groups and to explore and visualise possible patterns and outliers in EV and liposome data sets.

Results

PCA revealed good reproducibility within and between laboratories, with few minor outlying samples. Measured mean liposome (not filtered with qEV) and EV (filtered with qEV) concentrations had coefficients of variance of 23.9% and 52.5%, respectively. The increased variance of the EV concentration measurements could be attributed to the use of qEVs and the polydisperse nature of EVs.

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of this standardized methodology to facilitate comparable and reproducible EV concentration measurements.
Note sur le sultanat de Pidir. Début du XVIe siècle [Épigraphie islamique d’Aceh. 3]
Authors: Guillot Claude , Kalus Ludvik
Published: September 2016

Continuing the publication of Islamic inscriptions from North Sumatra, the authors present here the only two ancient tombs of the short-lived sultanate of Pidie. The first is the only known epitaph of a sovereign of this petty state who died in 1511, and the second that of a daughter of a mu’allim (probably a Muslim religious teacher), who died in 1562. Historical conclusions will be drawn only after completion of the analysis of all the tombstones of the western part of North Sumatra since the transitional period between the decay of the kingdom of Lamuri and the founding of the potent sultanate of Aceh still remains largely in the dark.
Pulverized in Aceh: On Luís Monteiro Coutinho and his ‘Martyrdom’
Authors: Subrahmanyam Sanjay
Published: September 2016

Cet essai traite essentiellement d’un texte mineur sur le martyre d’un certain Luís Monteiro Coutinho écrit par le célèbre auteur eurasien Manuel Godinho de Erédia. Coutinho, issu d’une famille noble de Lamego, au nord du Portugal, était en Asie à partir de 1570 environ. Après avoir été capturé lors un combat naval dans le détroit de Malaca, il fut apparemment tué à Aceh, dans les années 1580, ayant été éjecté par la bouche d’un canon. Erédia, à la demande du frère du défunt, rédigea ce texte pourvu d’illustrations en 1615. L’essai décrit et analyse étroitement ledit texte et sa véracité, puis présente les divers contextes de sa production, y compris le fait qu’il appartient à une série d’écrits sur le martyre séculaire s’inscrivant dans le cadre de la rivalité entre le christianisme de la contre-réforme et l’islam en Asie maritime.
Malay (and Javanese) Loan-words in Chinese as a Mirror of Cultural Exchanges
Authors: Salmon Claudine
Published: September 2016

Le but de cet article est de réfléchir sur les emprunts malais (et javanais) en chinois afin de voir ce qu’ils nous apprennent sur les échanges culturels entre les deux mondes dans le temps long. Nous avons retenu trois types de sources : les récits de voyage et sommes sur les contrées d’Asie du Sud-Est, les relations de missions diplomatiques, et les écrits émanant de Chinois établis en Insulinde. On peut distinguer deux phases : la première, la plus longue, durant laquelle les emprunts se sont faits de l’intérieur du monde chinois, après avoir été introduits par des marchants, voyageurs ou émissaires, les plus anciens remontant au début de notre ère, tel le terme pinang ou «noix d’arec » . La deuxième, durant laquelle les populations insulindiennes étaient en étroit contact avec les gens du Fujian, ce qui entraîna la formation de communautés mixtes et l’incorporation d’un plus grand nombre de termes malais dans le dialecte du Minnan et aussi la création d’expressions hybrides.
La « bonne gouvernance » selon l’écrivain indonésien Abdullah bin Muhammad al-Misri (fin XVIIIe s.-début XIXe s.)
Authors: Zaini-Lajoubert Monique
Published: September 2016

The as yet unrecognized Indonesian writer of Arab descent born in Palembang, Abdullah bin Muhammad al-Misri, was the author of at least five works : three mirrors for princes and two semi-historical texts (about Siam and Bali). These works belong to the revival movement of Malay literature of which he was one of its precursors. The mirrors for princes (Bayan al-Asma’, Hikayat Mareskalek and ‘ Arsy al-Muluk), discussed here, reflect the author’s concern with the social and political situation of his time, marked by the end of the VOC and the succession of Western dominations. The works were generally written in the form of quotations interspersed with anecdotes, sometimes rather long, about personalities of the Arab and Persian world but also of the Malay world where he lived. One of the latter was Marshal Herman Willem Daendels (Mareskalek), Governor-General of East Indies during the “ French period” (1808-1811), who had the greatest impact on him. Abdullah’s mirrors for princes were apparently meant to inspire in the local rulers appreciation of good governance and to make them aware that they were subjects of White rulers.
Changing Conventions in the Central Javanese Performing Arts: A Case Study of the Music of the Colonial-Era Wayang Kulit Purwa
Authors: Perlman Marc
Published: September 2016

Over the past two decades, historians have uncovered what seem to be remarkable changes in the Central Javanese performing arts of the colonial period. As a contribution to this enterprise, the roles of both change and continuity in the gamelan musical tradition are examined here, using as a case study the conventions governing the musical accompaniment to the wayang kulit purwa, a shadow-puppet theater in Surakarta (Solo). A notable shift in these conventions between 1878 and 1904 is posited, a shift that may have been responsible for the current form of one well-known composition. This postulated shift is located in the context of traditional techniques of artistic innovation, and the late-colonial socio-political situation of the royal patrons of the arts. Evidence from historical documents and cognate performance traditions regarding the use of music in the opening scene of the shadow play are presented along with speculations on the possible causes, and historical significance of the changes in this musical convention.
Le manuscrit du Langen Wibawa du palais du Pakualaman (Yogyakarta)
Authors: Ratna Saktimulya Sri
Published: September 2016

Le manuscrit du Langen Wibawa du palais du Pakualaman (Yogyakarta) Pendant la plus grande partie du XIXe siècle, les princes du palais Pakualaman (Yogyakarta) ont accordé un intérêt tout particulier aux arts en général (poésie, musique, danse), ce dont témoigne notamment une partie de la production des manuscrits de leur scriptorium. Le

Langen Wibawa, rédigé à l’initiative du prince Paku Alam IV, entre 1866 et la fin des années 1870, est l’un de ces ouvrages. Il est illustré de 17 paires de frontispices et d’un frontispice simple, richement ornés et appelés wedana renggan, qui contribuent, avec le texte qu’ils introduisent, à décrire et expliquer le sens de différentes danses du Pakualaman. Cet article réunit et présente six paires de frontispices du Langen Wibawa.
L’univers du gamelan : opposition théorique et unicité fondamentale
Authors: Basset Catherine
Published: September 2016

L’univers du gamelan : opposition théorique et unicité fondamentale Cet article décrit comment les a priori musicologiques occidentaux ont distordu la théorie moderne de la musique de gamelan, au point de la décrire à l’opposé des valeurs et référents de la culture traditionnelle. Sur cette base bancale, une inutile confusion musicologique et anthropologique a été ajoutée par la création, dans les années 1950, du gatra, une unité téléologique de 4 notes. Inspirée des règles et de la notation de la poésie javanaise, le gatra a été traité comme une mesure du temps remplaçant la mesure à 4/ 4 occidentale précédemment adoptée. Mais le gatra ne permet pas de noter le rythme de façon satisfaisante, si bien que dans les partitions, le temps téléologique de la «mesure-gatra » a dû être superposé à son opposé, l’écriture acrologique du rythme (telle que dans les mesures occidentales). Certains ethnomusicologues, notamment J. and A. Becker à la fin des années 1970, mettaient pourtant en lumière une structure fondamentale non linéaire et même un mandala musical, plus près de la cosmologie sonore des traités locaux anciens sur la musique de gamelan. En se départissant du gatra comme de tout paramètre occidental, et en créant un système de notation représentant l’architecture sonore, C. Basset a mis en évidence une cohérence musicale et culturelle qui devrait faire cesser l’opposition théorique entre la structure concentrique carillonnée au gamelan et les phrasés mélodiques téléologiques (du chant poétique et des instruments individuels) qui s’y superposent dans la musique sophistiquée du gendhing

javanais. Ainsi considéré, le gendhing javanais contemporain apparaît comme une combinaison esthétique du son composite des rituels, non pas une trahison de la tradition, mais bien l’apogée qu’il prétend être.
L’énigme des duos alternés à Flores et Solor (Lamaholot, Indonésie)
Authors: Rappoport Dana
Published: September 2016

L’énigme des duos alternés à Flores et Solor (Lamaholot, Indonésie) Alors que depuis le début du XXe siècle l’Indonésie orientale est un terrain fécond pour les linguistes et les ethnologues, cette aire géographique n’a pas reçu la même attention de la part des ethnomusicologues. Pourtant, au regard de cette aire culturelle, la musique semble offrir un moyen assez précis pour reconstruire l’histoire des contacts entre cultures. Une musique atypique a été découverte à Flores dans les années 1930, puis décrite et enregistrée en partie dans les années 1990. Il s’agit d’un art rare, subtil, encore pratiqué dans certains villages sur une distance de 80 km, de Tana ‘ Ai à Tanjung Bunga (Flores oriental), en passant par l’ouest de Solor. Il est pratiqué par des locuteurs de deux groupes linguistiques : le dialecte tana ‘ ai de la langue sikka et plusieurs dialectes de la langue lamaholot. Appartenant à la famille des langues austronésiennes, la langue lamaholot est parlée par plus de 220 000 personnes occupant plusieurs îles, de la pointe orientale de l’île de Flores aux îles d’Adonara, Solor et Lembata, auxquels il faut ajouter des locuteurs habitant le long des côtes de Pantar et d’Alor. La particularité de cette musique est une forme en duos alternés, combinant une première voix (hodé’) à une seconde voix (nuku), selon des règles précises. Surgissant dans un paysage de musiques pour gongs ou grands choeurs, elle pose une énigme au chercheur car elle fait figure d’isolat. Quelle est son origine ? À partir d’enquêtes de terrain récentes (2006-2007), et grâce à de nouvelles découvertes musicales, il est maintenant possible de suggérer une réponse à cette question. L’article propose une hypothèse de migration, fondée sur des éléments musicaux et d’autres traits culturels. La musique est ainsi utilisée pour comprendre et reconstruire l’histoire culturelle d’une région.
The Chinese in Brunei: From Ceramics to Oil Rent
Authors: de Vienne Marie-Sybille
Published: September 2016

The Chinese in Brunei : From Ceramics to Oil Rent

Boni (as Boni 渤 泥 ) is first mentioned in Chinese sources at the end of the 9th century AD. The oldest (1264) Muslim tomb of Brunei is that of a Chinese, Master Pu. During the 14th-16th centuries, the Muslim Chinese were numerous enough in Kota Batu to have their own mosque. The Spanish attack of 1578 did not reduce their presence : in addition to the China trade, they developed pepper culture and shipbuilding until the end of the 18th century. But due to the continuous decline of Brunei during the 19th century, the Chinese community could have disappeared if oil had not been found in Seria in 1929. The number of Chinese thus first increased up to represent 26% of the population in 1960, then decreased due to stricter immigration laws. It stabilised around 10.6% since 1991. Today, most of Brunei Chinese are permanent residents deprived of citizenship, with some notable exceptions.
Pers Tionghoa Makassar Sebelum Perang Dunia Kedua
Authors: Wirawan Yerry
Published: September 2016

Pers Tionghoa Makassar Sebelum Perang Dunia Kedua.

Artikel ini berusaha mengisi kekosongan studi tentang pers Tionghoa yang selama ini berpusat di Jawa. Di sini kami membahas keikutsertaan orang Tionghoa sedari permulaan kehadiran koran di Makassar pada paruh pertama abad ke-19 hingga kedatangan Jepang di tahun 1942. Di awal abad ke-20, orang Tionghoa mengupayakan penerbitan koran Pemberita Makassar bersama dengan etnis lain yang kemudian bertahan hingga 1942. Pada tahun 1920an, perkumpulan Tionghoa berusaha menerbitkan korannya melalui percetakanpercetakan dengan modal milik mereka sendiri. Namun upaya ini tidak terlalu berhasil karena kekurangan pelanggan. Dalam artikel ini kami menggambarkan persaingan dan konflik yang terjadi antara komunitas Tionghoa Makassar – yang sekaligus menunjukkan keberagaman pikiran dalam masyarakat Tionghoa – beserta problem-problem yang muncul dan diberitakan secara cukup mendetil dalam koran-koran tersebut. Artikel ini juga menampilkan beberapa tokoh jurnalis Tionghoa yang menghidupkan dunia persuratkabaran di Makassar.
Fantasizing Chinese/Indonesian Hero: Njoo Cheong Seng and the Gagaklodra Series
Authors: Chandra Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

Fantasizing Chinese/ Indonesian Hero : Njoo Cheong Seng and the gagaklodra Series.

This article examines the popular fantasy series, Gagaklodra, created by Njoo Cheong Seng in the late period of colonial Indonesia. As one of the earliest original works of crime and detective genre in Indonesia, conceived by an exceptionally cosmopolitan author of Chinese heritage, the Gagaklodra series is remarkably hybrid in terms of concept and content. It takes after both indigenous folklore and European cloak-and-dagger stories, anchored by a Javanese-Chinese protagonist. Written over the span of twenty-two years and three political regimes, the episodes of Gagaklodra not only capture the rapidly changing historical landscape between the 1930s and the 1940s, but also communicate a more inclusive outlook with regard to national belonging for the nation that was about to be born.
Le christianisme à Bali : visées missionnaires, objections orientalistes et appropriation balinaise
Authors: Picard Michel
Published: September 2016

Christianity in Bali : Missionary Ambitions, Orientalist Objections, and Balinese Appropriation

In view of the modest numbers of Balinese Christians, one could assume that Christianity had only a minor influence on the contemporary evolution of the Balinese society. But the fact is that the intrusion of Christianity in the wake of the colonization of their island prompted the Balinese people to question their religious identity. The confrontation with Christian missionaries challenged the Balinese to explicitly define their religion, in order to resist their proselytism. Thus, in response to the missionaries’ criticisms, Balinese intellectuals educated in colonial schools attempted to restrain the ritualistic leanings of their co-religionists, while stressing the theological significance as well as the ethical implications of their religion. By compelling the Balinese people to differentiate among their customary obligations that which belongs to “ religion” from that which pertains to “ tradition”, the presence of Christians in their villages was instrumental in construing the very category “ religion” in Bali. After having briefly recounted the history of the Christianization of Bali, this article investigates the controversy that opposed orientalists and missionaries during the colonial era and goes on to probe into the problems entailed by the Balinese appropriation of Christianity.
Inscriptions of Sumatra: Further Data on the Epigraphy of the Musi and Batang Hari Rivers Basins
Authors: Griffiths Arlo
Published: September 2016

This is a review article of a catalogue of Sumatra inscriptions, recently published in Indonesia. After some remarks on this catalogue, the article presents details about twelve (groups of) inscriptions originating from the Musi and Batang Hari rivers basins, in the provinces of South Sumatra, Jambi and West Sumatra. Some items offer additional information (especially readings and translations) for entries in the catalogue, but most of them present inscriptions which were not included in the catalogue at all. Looking at new data from just three Sumatran provinces, it turns out that quite a lot of new epigraphic material still needs to be revealed to scholars. The new material throws light on the religious (especially Buddhist) history of the island, including its reflection in stone and bronze sculpture. It also comprises significant new data on the Old Malay language.
Implantation et occupation des espaces funéraires au second âge du Fer en Picardie
Authors: Desenne Sophie , Blancquaert Geertrui , Gaudefroy Stéphane , Gransar Marc , Hénon Bénédicte , Soupart Nathalie
Published: September 2016

L’étude s’appuie sur l’analyse de 73 occupations funéraires réparties dans le quart nord-ouest de la France, du Aisne-Marne IIA (La Tène A1) à La Tène D2. L’approche méthodologique tend à caractériser les espaces funéraires laténiens et leur évolution dans la région picarde. À cette fin, nous avons élaboré une grille d’analyse qui prend en compte en premier lieu des critères concernant l’environnement géographique (plateau, vallée, plaine et littoral), topographique (terrasse, versant, rebord, replat et butte), mais aussi humain (accolé ou à proximité d’un site d’habitat, d’un tertre de terre ou tumulus) ; puis, en second lieu, des critères concernant la morphologie, l’organisation et l’évolution de l’espace funéraire. Ces espaces sont ouverts ou fermés avec des éléments de délimitation de type chemins ou enclos, accolés ou non à une occupation domestique. Les sépultures sont isolées, groupées, en noyaux, organisées de façon linéaire ou implantées de façon aléatoire sans organisation apparente. Dans certains cas, on note la présence d’éléments structurants, anciens tumulus, sépultures aristocratiques contemporaines ou légèrement antérieures, espaces vides. L’évolution du site, elle, est perceptible à travers le nombre de phases et le développement de l’espace funéraire avec une densification sur place, une extension ou un déplacement. L’analyse de ces paramètres permet de définir des catégories de sites et de mettre en évidence des choix différents d’un point de vue chronologique et géographique.

L’objectif est d’appréhender l’évolution générale de la structuration sociale et de mettre en évidence les choix d’implantation et de gestion de l’espace funéraire au cours du second âge du Fer.
Vers une géographie des gestes funéraires au second âge du Fer dans le Nord - Pas-de-Calais ?
Authors: Oudry-Braillon Sophie
Published: September 2016

In den 15 letzten Jahren haben sich die Entdeckungen von Nekropolen aus der jüngeren Eisenzeit in ganz Frankreich gehäuft, und auch die Region Nord -Pas-de-Calais ist von diesem Phänomen nicht ausgeschlossen. Selbst wenn die Gesamtzahl der Gräber unter der der Nachbarregionen liegt, verfügen wir heute über genügend Elemente, um uns mit den Bestattungsritualen dieser Periode zu beschäftigen. Es stellt sich heraus, dass die Sitten der Bewohner dieser Region sich deutlich von denen unterscheiden, die im Osten der Picardie und der Region Champagne-Ardenne beobachtet werden. Zunächst geht es um die Bestattungsart : Körperbestattungen sind in der Minderheit. Wir überprüfen bestimmte Punkte, indem wir versuchen die allgemeinen, für diese Zeit und diese Region gültigen Eigenschaften aufzuzeigen, ohne dabei die Aspekte zu vernachlässigen, die im Laufe dieser Periode einem Wandel unterliegen.
La question de la continuité ou de la discontinuité dans les nécropoles celtiques de la Champagne
Authors: Charpy Jean Jacques
Published: September 2016

In unseren bisherigen Studien haben wir uns der hier vorgeschlagenen Betrachtung der Bestattungssitten noch nicht gewidmet. Die Untersuchung der Nekropolen erfordert eine langwierige Auswertung der unterschiedlichen Quellen sowie deren Kreuzung mit den durch die systematische Bergung des Mobiliars erhaltenen Informationen. Nachdem die Ergebnisse erfasst sind, kann man sie in kürzestmögliche chronologische Sequenzen einordnen. Die Fundvergesellschaftung ermöglicht es nun, Gemeinsamkeiten und fehlende Elemente aufzuzeigen. Wir haben uns bemüht, die unterschiedlichen Befunde der Departements der Region Champagne-Ardenne zusammenzufassen und aus offensichtlichen Gründen den östlichen Teil des Departements Aisne zugefügt. Die für diese Departements erstellten Tabellen geben die Linien der Studie in groben Zügen vor. Abgesehen von einigen Sektoren des Departements Marne ist der am Anfang des 4. Jh. v. Chr. festgestellte Bruch offensichtlich sehr verbreitet. Die Studie der Verbreitungskarte und des für die ethnische Zugehörigkeit bezeichnenden Fundmobiliars, erlaubt es, die demographische Entwicklung der Bevölkerung in ihren großen Zügen zu verfolgen. Schließlich ist diese sehr ausgedehnte, mitunter als „ monolithisch“ angesehene Region, von sehr großen Unterschieden gezeichnet und das Gebiet, in dem das Marnien im 5. Jh. v. Chr. vorherrscht, ist deutlich zu erkennen.
L’organisation spatiale des espaces funéraires d’Esvres-sur-Indre (Indre-et-Loire) : état de la question sur les hypothèses de topographie funéraire et sur l’organisation territoriale des occupations protohistoriques et antiques.
Authors: Chimier Jean-Philippe , Riquier Sandrine
Published: September 2016

Five burial groups of the late Iron Age, some of which were still in use up until the Early Roman Empire, are known at Esvres-sur-Indre. Different hypothesis for the burial organisation have been proposed. The most recent one suggests a burial area composed of a few small family or social groups. The dwelling zone associated with this necropolis, although it has not been identified, could be an agglomeration that gave rise to the current village.
Le devenir du cadavre incinéré en Gaule Belgique. Méthodes et analyse de cas.
Authors: Le Goff Isabelle , Laperle Gilles , Millerat Patrice , Culot Sylvie
Published: September 2016

Our study tackles the question of the various ways cremated bones were deposited in graves, as evidenced by the burials in the La Tène cemetery at La Calotterie “ La Fontaine aux Linottes” (Pas-de-Calais). The diverse practices observed are juxtaposed with the more or less evident traces of the presence of the corpse. This study is introduced by a consideration of the issues at stake in the excavation and study of cremated deposits. They give evidence of the sequence of operations that, following the cremation, give a particular form to the remains of the body. Indeed, our working hypothesis is that the cinerary deposit constitutes a social and cultural construction. The idea that it is shaped by conventions and symbols – even where it appears the most “ natural” – is supported by three examples.
Pluralité des gestes funéraires pendant la période de La Tène à Bobigny (Seine-Saint-Denis).
Authors: Le Forestier Cyrille
Published: September 2016

O ver the last 15 years, the large number of preventive excavations in the town of Bobigny have revealed 530 burials of the La Tène period. Dug in 2002-2003 on the site of the Avicenne Hospital, the cemetery of 514 burials, including both cremation and inhumation, is one of the biggest burial sites of this period. The present paper deals with all the various burial rites observed at Bobigny.
Les monuments funéraires en Picardie au second âge du Fer.
Authors: Gransar Frédéric , Malrain François
Published: September 2016

From a corpus of 687 graves drawn up as part of an INRAP research programme concerning La Tène burial rites in Picardy and its surroundings [ Les gestuelles funéraires au second âge du Fer en Picardie et ses marges], the authors aim to distinguish a possible hierarchy among the monumental burials, which total no more than 5% of the whole. The typology of these monuments, their chronological evolution and the comparison with the data of the material culture represent some of the criteria applied in this line of investigation.
Les chambres funéraires et les aménagements de surface de Villers-Bocage (Somme) dans leur contexte régional.
Authors: Blondiau Lydie , Buchez Nathalie
Published: September 2016

La construction d’un parc d’activité en 2007 sur la commune de Villers-Bocage (Somme) est à l’origine de la mise au jour de tombes qui ont conservées, pour certaines, les traces d’une architecture interne ou d’un aménagement de surface. Du fait du développement des infrastructures autoroutières et autres aménagements liées à l’expansion de la ville d’Amiens, la région dans laquelle se localise cette découverte est la mieux documentée de la Somme pour ce qui est du funéraire au second âge du Fer. Au travers de la présentation des tombes de Villers-Bocage, c’est un état de la question concernant l’architecture des tombes dans cette micro-région et plus globalement dans le nord-ouest de la Picardie -frange littorale exceptée -qui est proposé, à mettre en perspective avec l’image obtenue par ailleurs, à l’échelle de l’ensemble de la Picardie (Gransar & Malrain, ce volume).
Dépôts, panoplies et accessoires dans les sépultures du 2e âge du Fer en Picardie.
Authors: Desenne Sophie , Auxiette Ginette , Demoule Jean Paul , Gaudefroy Stéphane , Hénon Bénédicte , Thouvenot Sylvain , Lejars Thierry
Published: September 2016

The survey of nearly 700 sets of burial deposits, that is 4300 items, dating from La Tène A1 to La Tène D2 , in Picardy and on its fringes, has enabled us to establish a model allowing a hierarchical presentation of the data and of the various functional groups which appear in the graves, as well as facilitating a global approach. The personal possessions worn by or deposited alongside the deceased are represented by jewels, weapons, dress accessories and toilet or tool bags. Even if the social status of the deceased may be determined, in certain chrono-cultural levels, thanks to the type of accessories displayed, we cannot rely on any specific item which would indicate the position of the person in the group. Only the presence of weapons may attest both a social status and a military position. Diet is suggested both by edible goods and recipients belonging to table sets, or related to cooking and sometimes storage. Variations in shapes and numbers are typical here of changes in the way the pottery deposited in the burials was selected, and of the existence of different sorts of “ sets”, showing not only an evolution in dietary practices, but also a deliberate exercise of choice in the functions highlighted. The varied practical, functional and symbolic aspects observed in our corpus, in the periods from La Tène A1 to La Tène D2 in Picardy, are examples of the wide range of choice in the way the deceased were “ dressed up”, and in the offerings that accompany them. They also highlight some deep differences in the funerary rites which governed these offerings.
De la composition des dépôts funéraires aristocratiques aux âges du Fer en Europe occidentale (VIIIe-Ier s. avant J.-C.) : entre compétition et identité sociale.
Authors: Baray Luc
Published: September 2016

Le développement sans précédent de l’archéologie préventive a permis à la communauté scientifique de disposer d’une documentation de qualité engendrant un renouvellement des protocoles d’analyse des sépultures en liaison avec l’étude des pratiques funéraires. Cependant, l’approche de la structure sociale des populations protohistoriques est une thématique rarement abordée en tant que telle. Les raisons sont multiples mais il apparaît, et c’est le propos de cet article, que la résolution de ce problème passe, entre autres, par une approche qui tienne compte des mécanismes d’élaboration du discours funéraire des élites protohistoriques à travers sa dimension idéologique.
Le dépôt de pièces de char dans les tombes de Gaule Belgique entre e IIIe et le Ier siècle avant J.-C.
Authors: Ginoux Nathalie , Sévérin Christian , Leman Delerive Germaine
Published: September 2016

The discovery at Hordain (Nord) of a grave with a set of chariot and harness parts (in particular a decorated yoke) enables us to give an account of a type of burial rite frequently attested in northern Gaul, i. e. the offering of chariot parts. Even if this custom is not necessarily indicative of a warrior status, it is nevertheless a criterion by which the various tribes of Gallia Belgica may be distinguished.
Des objets dans les tombes : éléments d’interprétations des assemblages funéraires du IIIe siècle dans les sépultures des environs de Paris.
Authors: Marion Stéphane
Published: September 2016

Cette contribution propose une analyse de la composition des assemblages funéraires des environs de Paris au cours de La Tène B2 et La Tène C1. Bénéficiant d’une base statistique particulièrement étoffée, elle met en évidence de fortes corrélations entre le mobilier déposé et les principales composantes sociales de l’individu que sont le genre, la classe d’âge et finalement le rang. Ces paramètres semblent à eux seuls expliquer une large part de la variabilité constatée des assemblages funéraires.