bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple Response Surface Methodology: Investigation on Advance Photocatalytic Oxidation of 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid Using UV-Active ZnO Photocatalyst
Authors: Lee Kian , Hamid Sharifah
Published: January 2015

The performance of advance photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) strongly depends on photocatalyst dosage, initial concentration and initial pH. In the present study, a simple response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the interaction between these three independent factors. Thus, the photocatalytic degradation of 4-CPA in aqueous medium assisted by ultraviolet-active ZnO photocatalyst was systematically investigated. This study aims to determine the optimum processing parameters to maximize 4-CPA degradation. Based on the results obtained, it was found that a maximum of 91% of 4-CPA was successfully degraded under optimal conditions (0.02 g ZnO dosage, 20.00 mg/L of 4-CPA and pH 7.71). All the experimental data showed good agreement with the predicted results obtained from statistical analysis.
On θ-Congruent Numbers, Rational Squares in Arithmetic Progressions, Concordant Forms and Elliptic Curves
Authors: Selder Erich , Spindler Karlheinz
Published: January 2015

The correspondence between right triangles with rational sides, triplets of rational squares in arithmetic succession and integral solutions of certain quadratic forms is well-known. We show how this correspondence can be extended to the generalized notions of rational θ-triangles, rational squares occurring in arithmetic progressions and concordant forms. In our approach we establish one-to-one mappings to rational points on certain elliptic curves and examine in detail the role of solutions of the θ-congruent number problem and the concordant form problem associated with nontrivial torsion points on the corresponding elliptic curves. This approach allows us to combine and extend some disjoint results obtained by a number of authors, to clarify some statements in the literature and to answer some hitherto open questions.
Mine Waste Characterization, Management and Remediation
Authors: Hudson-Edwards Karen , Dold Bernhard
Published: January 2015

Mining is a vital part of the Global economy, but the extraction of metals, metalloids, and other mineral products generates vast quantities of liquid and solid waste. Currently the volume is estimated at several thousand million tons per annum, but is increasing exponentially as demand and exploitation of lower-grade deposits increases. The high concentrations of potentially toxic elements in these wastes can pose risks to ecosystems and humans, but these risks can be mitigated by implementing appropriate management or remediation schemes. Although there are a large number of such schemes available, there is still a need to research the processes, products, and effectiveness of implementation, as well as the nature of the mine wastes themselves. This Special Issue is aimed at bringing together studies in the areas of mine waste characterization, management, and remediation, to review the current state of knowledge and to develop improvements in current schemes. Fourteen manuscripts are published for this Special Issue, and these are summarized below.[...]
Synergistic Effects of Nucleating Agents and Plasticizers on the Crystallization Behavior of Poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Shi Xuetao , Zhang Guangcheng , Phuong Thanh , Lazzeri Andrea
Published: January 2015

The synergistic effect of nucleating agents and plasticizers on the thermal and mechanical performance of PLA nanocomposites was investigated with the objective of increasing the crystallinity and balancing the stiffness and toughness of PLA mechanical properties. Calcium carbonate, halloysite nanotubes, talc and LAK (sulfates) were compared with each other as heterogeneous nucleating agents. Both the DSC isothermal and non-isothermal studies indicated that talc and LAK were the more effective nucleating agents among the selected fillers. Poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) acted also as a nucleating agent due to the formation of the PLA stereocomplex. The half crystallization time was reduced by the addition of talc to about 2 min from 37.5 min of pure PLA by the isothermal crystallization study. The dynamic mechanical thermal study (DMTA) indicated that nanofillers acted as both reinforcement fillers and nucleating agents in relation to the higher storage modulus. The plasticized PLA studied by DMTA indicated a decreasing glass transition temperature with the increasing of the PEG content. The addition of nanofiller increased the Young’s modulus. PEG had the plasticization effect of increasing the break deformation, while sharply decreasing the stiffness and strength of PLA. The synergistic effect of nanofillers and plasticizer achieved the balance between stiffness and toughness with well-controlled crystallization.
Identification and Quantitative Characterization of PSORI-CM01, a Chinese Medicine Formula for Psoriasis Therapy, by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with an LTQ Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer
Authors: Chen Shao-Dan , Lu Chuan-Jian , Zhao Rui-Zhi
Published: January 2015

PSORI-CM01 is a Chinese medicine formula prepared from medicinal herbs and used in China for the treatment of psoriasis. However, the chemical constituents in PSORI-CM01 have not been clarified yet. In order to quickly define the chemical profiles and control the quality of PSORI-CM01 preparations, ultra-high liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization hybrid linear trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS) was applied for simultaneous identification and quantification of multiple constituents. A total of 108 compounds, including organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, were identified or tentatively deduced on the base of their retention behaviors, MS and MSn data, or by comparing with reference substances and literature data. In addition, an optimized UHPLC-ESI-MS method was established for the quantitative determination of 14 marker compounds in different dosage forms of PSORI-CM01 preparations. The validation of the method, including spike recoveries, linearity, sensitivity (LOQ), precision, and repeatability, was carried out and demonstrated to be satisfied the requirements of quantitative analysis. This is the first report on the comprehensive determination of chemical constituents in PSORI-CM01 preparations by UHPLC-ESI-LTQ/Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The results suggested that the established methods would be a powerful and reliable analytical tool for the characterization of multi-constituents in complex chemical system and quality control of TCM preparations.
Triterpenes as Potentially Cytotoxic Compounds
Authors: Chudzik Malwina , Korzonek-Szlacheta Ilona , Król Wojciech
Published: January 2015

Triterpenes are compounds of natural origin, which have numerously biological activities: anti-cancer properties, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal. These substances can be isolated from plants, animals or fungi. Nowadays, when neoplasms are main cause of death, triterpenes can become an alternative method for treating cancer because of their cytotoxic properties and chemopreventive activities.
Micronutrient Fortification of Food in Southeast Asia: Recommendations from an Expert Workshop
Authors: Gayer Justine , Smith Geoffry
Published: January 2015

Micronutrient deficiencies remain a significant public health issue in Southeast Asia, particularly in vulnerable populations, such as women of reproductive age and young children. An important nutrition-specific intervention to address micronutrient malnutrition is fortification of staple foods and condiments. In October 2013, the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Southeast Asia Region held a workshop on micronutrient fortification of food in Bangkok, Thailand. The objective was to engage multiple stakeholders in a discussion on food fortification and its importance as a public health intervention in Southeast Asia, and to identify and address key challenges/gaps in and potential opportunities for fortification of foods in ASEAN countries. Key challenges that were identified include: “scaling up” and mobilizing sustainable support for fortification programs in the form of multi-stakeholder partnerships, effecting policy change to support mandatory fortification, long-term monitoring of the programs’ compliance and efficacy in light of limited resources, and increasing awareness and uptake of fortified products through social marketing campaigns. Future actions recommended include the development of terms of engagement and governance for multi-stakeholder partnerships, moving towards a sustainable business model and more extensive monitoring, both for effectiveness and efficacy and for enforcement of fortification legislation.
Fabrication of Thermo-Responsive Molecular Layers from Self-Assembling Elastin-Like Oligopeptides Containing Cell-Binding Domain for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Koga Tomoyuki , Nakamoto Kazuhiro , Odawara Koji , Matsuoka Tomoo , Higashi Nobuyuki
Published: January 2015

Novel thermo-responsive elastin-like oligopeptides containing cell-binding epitope (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser sequence); arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine (RGDS)-elastin-like peptides (ELP) and RGDS-deg-ELP; were newly prepared as building blocks of self-assembled molecular layer for artificial extra cellular matrix. A detailed analysis of the conformation of the oligo(ELP)s in water and their self-assembling behavior onto hydrophobic surfaces were performed by using circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy and water contact angle measurements. The experimental results revealed that both oligo(ELP)s self-assembled onto hydrophobic surfaces and formed molecular layers based on their thermo-responsive conformational change from hydrous random coil to dehydrated β-turn structure. Effective cell adhesion and spreading behaviors were observed on these self-assembled oligo(ELP) layers. In addition, attached cells were found to be recovered successfully as a cell-sheet by temperature-induced disassembly of oligo(ELP) layer. This achievement provides an important insight to construct novel oligopeptide-based nano-surfaces for the design of smart artificial extra-cellular matrix.
Oil Spill Detection in Glint-Contaminated Near-Infrared MODIS Imagery
Authors: Pisano Andrea , Bignami Francesco , Santoleri Rosalia
Published: January 2015

We present a methodology to detect oil spills using MODIS near-infrared sun glittered radiance imagery. The methodology was developed by using a set of seven MODIS images (training dataset) and validated using four other images (validation dataset). The method is based on the ratio image R = L'GN/LGN, where L'GN is the MODIS-retrieved normalized sun glint radiance image and LGN the same quantity, but obtained from the Cox and Munk isotropic (independent of wind direction) sun glint model. We show that in the R image, while clean water pixel values tend to one, oil spills stand out as anomalies. Moreover, we provide a criterion to distinguish between positive and negative oil-water contrast. A pixel in an R image is classified as a potential oil spill or water via a variable threshold Rs as a function of L'GN, where the threshold values are obtained from the slicks of our training dataset. Two different fitting curves are provided for Rs, according to the contrast sign. The selection of the correct fitting curve is based on the contrast type, resulting from the criterion above. Results indicate that the thresholding is able to isolate the spills and that the spills of the validation dataset are successfully detected. Spurious look-alike features, such as clouds, and other non-spill features, e.g., large areas at the glint region border, are also detected as oil spills and must be eliminated. We believe that our methodology represents a novel and promising, though preliminary, approach towards automatic oil spill detection in optical satellite images.
Double Cluster Heads Model for Secure and Accurate Data Fusion in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Fu Jun-Song , Liu Yun
Published: January 2015

Secure and accurate data fusion is an important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and has been extensively researched in the literature. In this paper, by combining clustering techniques, reputation and trust systems, and data fusion algorithms, we propose a novel cluster-based data fusion model called Double Cluster Heads Model (DCHM) for secure and accurate data fusion in WSNs. Different from traditional clustering models in WSNs, two cluster heads are selected after clustering for each cluster based on the reputation and trust system and they perform data fusion independently of each other. Then, the results are sent to the base station where the dissimilarity coefficient is computed. If the dissimilarity coefficient of the two data fusion results exceeds the threshold preset by the users, the cluster heads will be added to blacklist, and the cluster heads must be reelected by the sensor nodes in a cluster. Meanwhile, feedback is sent from the base station to the reputation and trust system, which can help us to identify and delete the compromised sensor nodes in time. Through a series of extensive simulations, we found that the DCHM performed very well in data fusion security and accuracy.
A Survey of Online Activity Recognition Using Mobile Phones
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Bosch Stephan , Incel Ozlem , Scholten Hans , Havinga Paul
Published: January 2015

Physical activity recognition using embedded sensors has enabled many context-aware applications in different areas, such as healthcare. Initially, one or more dedicated wearable sensors were used for such applications. However, recently, many researchers started using mobile phones for this purpose, since these ubiquitous devices are equipped with various sensors, ranging from accelerometers to magnetic field sensors. In most of the current studies, sensor data collected for activity recognition are analyzed offline using machine learning tools. However, there is now a trend towards implementing activity recognition systems on these devices in an online manner, since modern mobile phones have become more powerful in terms of available resources, such as CPU, memory and battery. The research on offline activity recognition has been reviewed in several earlier studies in detail. However, work done on online activity recognition is still in its infancy and is yet to be reviewed. In this paper, we review the studies done so far that implement activity recognition systems on mobile phones and use only their on-board sensors. We discuss various aspects of these studies. Moreover, we discuss their limitations and present various recommendations for future research.
The Enhanced Formaldehyde-Sensing Properties of P3HT-ZnO Hybrid Thin Film OTFT Sensor and Further Insight into Its Stability
Authors: Tai Huiling , Li Xian , Jiang Yadong , Xie Guangzhong , Du Xiaosong
Published: January 2015

A thin-film transistor (TFT) having an organic–inorganic hybrid thin film combines the advantage of TFT sensors and the enhanced sensing performance of hybrid materials. In this work, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles’ hybrid thin film was fabricated by a spraying process as the active layer of TFT for the employment of a room temperature operated formaldehyde (HCHO) gas sensor. The effects of ZnO nanoparticles on morphological and compositional features, electronic and HCHO-sensing properties of P3HT-ZnO thin film were systematically investigated. The results showed that P3HT-ZnO hybrid thin film sensor exhibited considerable improvement of sensing response (more than two times) and reversibility compared to the pristine P3HT film sensor. An accumulation p-n heterojunction mechanism model was developed to understand the mechanism of enhanced sensing properties by incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterizations were used to investigate the stability of the sensor in-depth, which reveals the performance deterioration was due to the changes of element composition and the chemical state of hybrid thin film surface induced by light and oxygen. Our study demonstrated that P3HT-ZnO hybrid thin film TFT sensor is beneficial in the advancement of novel room temperature HCHO sensing technology.
Understanding and Enhancing Soil Biological Health: The Solution for Reversing Soil Degradation
Authors: Lehman R. , Cambardella Cynthia , Stott Diane , Acosta-Martinez Veronica , Manter Daniel , Buyer Jeffrey , Maul Jude , Smith Jeffrey , Collins Harold , Halvorson Jonathan , Kremer Robert , Lundgren Jonathan , Ducey Tom , Jin Virginia , Karlen Douglas
Published: January 2015

Our objective is to provide an optimistic strategy for reversing soil degradation by increasing public and private research efforts to understand the role of soil biology, particularly microbiology, on the health of our world’s soils. We begin by defining soil quality/soil health (which we consider to be interchangeable terms), characterizing healthy soil resources, and relating the significance of soil health to agroecosystems and their functions. We examine how soil biology influences soil health and how biological properties and processes contribute to sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services. We continue by examining what can be done to manipulate soil biology to: (i) increase nutrient availability for production of high yielding, high quality crops; (ii) protect crops from pests, pathogens, weeds; and (iii) manage other factors limiting production, provision of ecosystem services, and resilience to stresses like droughts. Next we look to the future by asking what needs to be known about soil biology that is not currently recognized or fully understood and how these needs could be addressed using emerging research tools. We conclude, based on our perceptions of how new knowledge regarding soil biology will help make agriculture more sustainable and productive, by recommending research emphases that should receive first priority through enhanced public and private research in order to reverse the trajectory toward global soil degradation.
New Framework of Sustainable Indicators for Outdoor LED (Light Emitting Diodes) Lighting and SSL (Solid State Lighting)
Authors: Jägerbrand Annika
Published: January 2015

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) and SSL (solid state lighting) are relatively new light sources, but are already widely applied for outdoor lighting. Despite this, there is little available information allowing planners and designers to evaluate and weigh different sustainability aspects of LED/SSL lighting when making decisions. Based on a literature review, this paper proposes a framework of sustainability indicators and/or measures that can be used for a general evaluation or to highlight certain objectives or aspects of special interest when choosing LED/SSL lighting. LED/SSL lighting is reviewed from a conventional sustainable development perspective, i.e., covering the three dimensions, including ecological, economic and social sustainability. The new framework of sustainable indicators allow prioritization when choosing LED/SSL products and can thereby help ensure that short-term decisions on LED/SSL lighting systems are in line with long-term sustainability goals established in society. The new framework can also be a beneficial tool for planners, decision-makers, developers and lighting designers, or for consumers wishing to use LED/SSL lighting in a sustainable manner. Moreover, since some aspects of LED/SSL lighting have not yet been thoroughly studied or developed, some possible future indicators are suggested.
HIV-1 Replication and the Cellular Eukaryotic Translation Apparatus
Authors: Guerrero Santiago , Batisse Julien , Libre Camille , Bernacchi Serena , Marquet Roland , Paillart Jean-Christophe
Published: January 2015

Eukaryotic translation is a complex process composed of three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. During infections by RNA- and DNA-viruses, the eukaryotic translation machinery is used to assure optimal viral protein synthesis. Human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) uses several non-canonical pathways to translate its own proteins, such as leaky scanning, frameshifting, shunt, and cap-independent mechanisms. Moreover, HIV-1 modulates the host translation machinery by targeting key translation factors and overcomes different cellular obstacles that affect protein translation. In this review, we describe how HIV-1 proteins target several components of the eukaryotic translation machinery, which consequently improves viral translation and replication.
Bacteriophage-Derived Vectors for Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy
Authors: Pranjol Md , Hajitou Amin
Published: January 2015

Cancer gene therapy expanded and reached its pinnacle in research in the last decade. Both viral and non-viral vectors have entered clinical trials, and significant successes have been achieved. However, a systemic administration of a vector, illustrating safe, efficient, and targeted gene delivery to solid tumors has proven to be a major challenge. In this review, we summarize the current progress and challenges in the targeted gene therapy of cancer. Moreover, we highlight the recent developments of bacteriophage-derived vectors and their contributions in targeting cancer with therapeutic genes following systemic administration.
Effectiveness of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using a Bio-Hedge Water Hyacinth Wetland System
Authors: Valipour Alireza , Raman Venkatraman , Ahn Young-Ho
Published: January 2015

onstructed wetland applications have been limited by a large land requirement and capital investment. This study aimed to improve a shallow pond water hyacinth system by incorporating the advantages of engineered attached microbial growth technique (termed Bio-hedge) for on-site domestic wastewater treatment. A laboratory scale continuous-flow system consists of the mesh type matrix providing an additional biofilm surface area of 54 m2/m3. Following one year of experimentation, the process showed more stability and enhanced performance in removing organic matter and nutrients, compared to traditional water hyacinth (by lowering 33%–67% HRT) and facultative (by lowering 92%–96% HRT) ponds. The wastewater exposed plants revealed a relative growth rate of 1.15% per day, and no anatomical deformities were observed. Plant nutrient level averaged 27 ± 1.7 and 44 ± 2.3 mg N/g dry weight, and 5 ± 1.4 & 9±1.2 mg P/g dry weight in roots and shoots, respectively. Microorganisms immobilized on Bio-hedge media (4.06 × 107 cfu/cm2) and plant roots (3.12 × 104 cfu/cm) were isolated and identified (a total of 23 strains). The capital cost was pre-estimated for 1 m3/d wastewater at 78 US$/m3inflow and 465 US$/kg BOD5 removed. This process is a suitable ecotechnology due to improved biofilm formation, reduced footprint, energy savings, and increased quality effluent.
Kelvin probe force microscopy in liquid using electrochemical force microscopy
Authors: Collins Liam , Jesse Stephen , Kilpatrick Jason I , Tselev Alexander , Okatan M Baris , Kalinin Sergei V , Rodriguez Brian J
Published: January 2015

Conventional closed loop-Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) has emerged as a powerful technique for probing electric and transport phenomena at the solid–gas interface. The extension of KPFM capabilities to probe electrostatic and electrochemical phenomena at the solid–liquid interface is of interest for a broad range of applications from energy storage to biological systems. However, the operation of KPFM implicitly relies on the presence of a linear lossless dielectric in the probe–sample gap, a condition which is violated for ionically-active liquids (e.g., when diffuse charge dynamics are present). Here, electrostatic and electrochemical measurements are demonstrated in ionically-active (polar isopropanol, milli-Q water and aqueous NaCl) and ionically-inactive (non-polar decane) liquids by electrochemical force microscopy (EcFM), a multidimensional (i.e., bias- and time-resolved) spectroscopy method. In the absence of mobile charges (ambient and non-polar liquids), KPFM and EcFM are both feasible, yielding comparable contact potential difference (CPD) values. In ionically-active liquids, KPFM is not possible and EcFM can be used to measure the dynamic CPD and a rich spectrum of information pertaining to charge screening, ion diffusion, and electrochemical processes (e.g., Faradaic reactions). EcFM measurements conducted in isopropanol and milli-Q water over Au and highly ordered pyrolytic graphite electrodes demonstrate both sample- and solvent-dependent features. Finally, the feasibility of using EcFM as a local force-based mapping technique of material-dependent electrostatic and electrochemical response is investigated. The resultant high dimensional dataset is visualized using a purely statistical approach that does not require a priori physical models, allowing for qualitative mapping of electrostatic and electrochemical material properties at the solid–liquid interface.
Highly selective electrochemical fluorination of dithioacetal derivatives bearing electron-withdrawing substituents at the position α to the sulfur atom using poly(HF) salts
Authors: Yin Bin , Inagi Shinsuke , Fuchigami Toshio
Published: January 2015

Anodic fluorination of dithioacetals bearing electron-withdrawing ester, acetyl, amide, and nitrile groups at their α-positions was comparatively studied using various supporting poly(HF) salts like Et3N·nHF (n= 3–5) and Et4NF·nHF (n= 3–5). In the former two cases, the corresponding α-fluorination products or fluorodesulfurization products were obtained selectively depending on supporting poly(HF) salts used. In sharp contrast, in the latter two cases, fluorination product selectivity was strongly affected by the electron-withdrawing ability of α-substituents: A dithioacetal bearing a relatively weak electron-withdrawing amide group provided a fluorodesulfurization product selectively while a dithioacetal having a strongly electron-withdrawing nitrile group gave the α-fluorination product predominantly regardless of the poly(HF) salts used.
Terrestrial gastropods of Srebarna Nature Reserve, North-Eastern Bulgaria (Gastropoda)
Authors: Dedov Ivailo , Antonova Vera
Published: January 2015

We give the results from the first investigation focused on the land snail fauna in Srebarna Nature Reserve in Bulgaria. A total of 23 localities were studied and 27 species of terrestrial gastropods were found, 23 of which were new observations for the Reserve.
Demarcation Line Evaluation of Iontophoresis-Assisted Transepithelial Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Keratoconus
Authors: Bonnel Samantha , Berguiga Marouen , De Rivoyre Benoit , Bedubourg Gabriel , Sendon Damien , Froussart-Maille Françoise , Rigal-Sastourne Jean-Claude
Published: January 2015

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the visualization and depth of the demarcation line with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) after iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL).

METHODS:

This prospective, consecutive, single center, non-randomized clinical study involved 15 eyes of 12 patients with keratoconus who underwent an AS-OCT scan (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Inc., Carlsbad, CA) to search for a demarcation line and its depth at 1 month after iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial CXL. AS-OCT scan measurements were performed by two independent examiners.

RESULTS:

No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. Kappa coefficient estimation for operator agreement in demarcation line visualization (whether it was visualized) was 70.6%. The corneal stromal demarcation line was identified in 9 eyes (60%) by both examiners. Mean depth of the corneal stromal demarcation line was 246.67 ± 50.72
µ
m (range: 183 to 339
µ
m) for the first examiner and 241.89 ± 62.52
µ
m (range: 163 to 358
µ
m) for the second examiner. There were no statistically significant differences for the measurements of the paired comparisons between the two examiners (
P
= .61). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the measurements was 0.910.

CONCLUSIONS:

Iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial CXL creates a demarcation line that can be visualized with AS-OCT, which seems less easily distinguishable and shallower than in conventional CXL. However, its depth and visualization seems to be more similar to conventional CXL than transepithelial CXL.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2015;31(1):36–40.]
Polynomial Curve Fitting of the Corneal Profile in 2.2-mm Corneal Incision Phacoemulsification
Authors: Tejedor Jaime , Gutiérrez-Carmona Francisco J.
Published: January 2015

PURPOSE:

To model incisional axis and perpendicular corneal profile pattern changes in 2.2-mm corneal incision phacoemulsification.

METHODS:

Sixty-seven eyes of 67 patients were included in this prospective, interventional, before–after paired design study. Power vector components were obtained from keratometry (IOLMaster; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Göttingen, Germany) and topography corneal height data with the Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany) preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. Second- to sixth-order curve fitting polynomial functions of the corneal profile in the incisional and perpendicular axes were created using Matlab (The Mathworks, Inc., Natick, MA). Multivariate regression analysis was run to study the influence of potential predictors. Correlation of changes in corneal elevation and corneal radius with astigmatic parameters was also obtained.

RESULTS:

Significant changes occurred only in the J
0
(
P
= .004) and M (
P
= .001) parameters. R
2
was high with all of the fitted polynomials (0.98 to 0.99) and although the smallest root mean square error was obtained with sixth-degree polynomials (0.63 to 1.13), they were more badly conditioned and redundant than quadratic polynomials. Corneal flattening changes were obtained on axis, which was the most frequent pattern (n = 52, 77%), but were significantly larger in the incisional side than the non-incisional side (
P
= .001) and only coupled with perpendicular axis steepening in 23 patients. In the non-incisional side on axis, corneal steepening was a relatively frequent pattern (n = 22 patients, 33%). Predictors studied for profile pattern of change were only near significance. Corneal radius of curvature changes were significantly correlated with astigmatic parameters.

CONCLUSIONS:

Polynomial curve fitting is adequate for corneal biomechanical modeling of curvature and profile changes in the incisional and perpendicular axes of a 2.2-mm incision for phacoemulsification.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2015;31(1):42–47.]
Stromal Surface Topography-guided Custom Ablation as a Repair Tool for Corneal Irregular Astigmatism
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Gobbe Marine , Archer Timothy J. , Youssefi Gerhard , Sutton Hugo F. S.
Published: January 2015

PURPOSE:

To illustrate the concept of using a stromal surface topography-guided procedure for therapeutic repair after a complication following primary laser refractive surgery.

METHODS:

One case example of therapeutic retreatment for short nasal flap after primary LASIK performed in September 2000 is presented. The Artemis very high-frequency digital ultrasound arc-scanner (Arc-Scan, Inc., Morrison, CO) was used to obtain layered corneal thickness including epithelial thickness profile. Corneal front surface elevation was measured with the Orbscan II (Bausch & Lomb, Salt Lake City, UT). Stromal surface height was then calculated by subtracting epithelial thickness data from corneal front surface elevation data and used to calculate the ablation profile applied to the eye. The treatment was performed using the Ultralink system (ArcScan, Inc.), linking the ultrasound corneal thickness data with the Technolas 217c laser (Bausch & Lomb). Postoperative data were available at 30 days and 13 years.

RESULTS:

One month after treatment, the epithelial thickness map demonstrated that the difference in thickness between the thinnest and thickest points located 2.5-mm nasally was reduced by 26
µ
m (from 56 to 30
µ
m). The axial difference map demonstrated an increase in corneal curvature of approximately 4 diopters where the cornea was the flattest nasally, thereby reducing the corneal asymmetry. The anterior elevation map also showed a reduced depression nasally. The patient reported significant improvement of her night vision.

CONCLUSIONS:

This case example of stromal surface topography-guided treatment demonstrated a significant reduction in the irregularity of the stromal surface and an improvement in the topography, and the visual quality. Stromal surface topography-guided ablation might become the tool of the future for therapeutic repairs because it offers advantages over the current alternative of transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2015;31(1):54–59.]
Coronary periarteritis in a patient with multi-organ IgG4-related disease
Authors: Guo Yueyang , Ansdell David , Brouha Sharon , Yen Andrew
Published: January 2015

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease is a recently described systemic clinicopathological entity characterized by immunoglobulin G4-producing plasmacytic infiltration of tissue and frequently by elevated serum immunoglobulin G4 concentration. Manifestations of this disease have been documented in nearly all organs and locations, but coronary artery involvement is not widely recognized. We report the coronary findings of a patient with multi-organ immunoglobulin G4-related disease. Non-electrocardiogram-gated computed tomography of the chest demonstrated nodular and rind-like periarterial soft tissue thickening along the proximal coronary artery segments with improvement following steroid therapy.
Soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst: a rare case in a middle aged patient
Authors: Baker Kevin Scott , Gould Elaine S , Patel Hiten B , Hwang Sonya Jimi
Published: January 2015

Soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare entity, with about 20 cases reported in literature, only 3 of which are in patients over 40 years of age.  We present a case of a 41 year old Latin American female who presented for evaluation of atraumatic chest pain with radiation to the left shoulder.  Her initial workup was negative, including radiographic imaging of the chest and left shoulder.  4 months later, she presented to her orthopedic surgeon with a palpable mass and mild left shoulder pain.  Radiographs acquired at that time demonstrated a 7.0 x 5.5 x 6.7 cm mass with rim calcification in the region of the upper triceps muscle.  Subsequent CT imaging showed central areas of hypodensity and thin septations, a few of which were calcified.  MR evaluation showed hemorrhagic cystic spaces with multiple fluid-fluid levels and enhancing septations.  Surgical biopsy was performed and pathology was preliminarily interpreted as cystic myositis ossificans, however on final review the diagnosis of soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst was made.  The lesion was then surgically excised and no evidence of recurrence was seen on a 3 year post-op radiograph.  Following description of our case, we conduct a literature review of the imaging characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst.
Honoring our helpers
Authors: Talanow Roland , Giesel Frederik
Published: January 2015

This special issue of the Journal of Radiology Case Reports honors the reviewers who donated their time and expertise throughout the year 2014 to the high quality and success of this journal.
Historical Retreat of Alpine Glaciers in the Ahklun Mountains, Western Alaska
Authors: Walsh Patrick , Kaufman Darrell , McDaniel Tess , Beeman Jai Chowdhry
Published: January 2015

The Ahklun Mountains support the only extant glaciers in southwestern Alaska north of the Alaska Peninsula. The glaciers were originally mapped by the U.S. Geological Survey using photogrammetry methods based on 1972–1973 aerial photos. We surveyed for presence or absence of the glaciers by fixed-wing aircraft in 2006. Of 109 glaciers originally mapped, 10 (9%) had disappeared. Using aerial imagery of a subset of 76 glaciers at three time steps between 1957 and 2009, we determined the average rate of areal loss was 45% over 52 y. At this rate, it is likely that all Ahklun Mountain glaciers will be extinguished by the end of the current century.
Analysis of Overpressure Mechanisms in a Field of Southwestern Malay Basin
Authors: Satti Iftikhar Ahmed , Ghosh Deva , Wan Yusoff Wan Ismail , Hoesni M. Jamaal
Published: January 2015

This study demonstrate the utilization of wireline logs for pore pressure mechanism analysis in a field of southeastern Malay basin. Development of overpressures means that fluid movement in the pores is retarded both vertically and laterally. Detailed knowledge of lithology, rock history, and pressure mechanism is important for overpressure prediction. In many tertiary basins overpressure is mainly generated by compaction disequilibrium due to high deposition rate and low permeability in shales.

In Malay basin, temperature also plays an important role in generating overpressure at shallow depth as geothermal gradient is very high 40-60 oC. Pore pressure data from 10 wells is used to for mechanism analysis. Overburden pressure is calculated for all the wells by using density log and sonic velocity-vertical effective stress, vertical effective stress-density and pore pressure cross plots are used for mechanism analysis.

The results obtained from the cross plots reveal that in the study area overpressure is generated by both primary (undercompaction) and secondary mechanism such as chemical compaction and fluid expansion/hydrocarbon generation in different wells. Overpressure magnitude analysis suggests that overpressure generated due to secondary mechanism is very high as compare to primary mechanism. Eaton's method with exponent 3 for sonic velocity under-predicted the pore pressure in the wells where both primary and secondary mechanism are present but in such wells pore pressures are reasonably predicted by using higher Eaton exponent. Overpressure behavior is very complex in the study area, in some wells it start at shallow depth and increase gradually with depth whereas in some wells it start at greater depth and ramp up quickly, this complex behavior also shows the presence of different mechanisms.

For the safe drilling and completing the well economically, knowledge of overpressure is essential. Overpressure mechanism analysis is very important for overpressure prediction and it will help in understanding the behavior of pore pressure and applying the appropriate prediction method .?Accurate overpressure prediction is very important for construction of deep water seafloor facilities in HPHT environments.
Effects of maquis clearing on the properties of the soil and on the near-surface hydrological processes in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment
Authors: Pirastru Mario , Niedda Marcello , Castellini Mirko
Published: January 2015

Many hillslopes covered with maquis in the semi-arid Mediterranean environment have been cleared in recent decades. There is little information on what effect this has on the hydrology of the soil. We compared the hydraulic properties of the soil and the subsurface hydrological dynamics on two adjacent sites on a hillslope. One site was covered with maquis, the other with grass. The grass started to grow some 10 years ago, after the maquis had been cleared and the soil had been ploughed. Our study found that the hydraulic properties and the hydrological dynamics of the maquis and the grassed soil differed greatly. The grassed soil had less organic matter and higher apparent density than did the soil covered in maquis. Moreover, the maquis soil retained more water than the grassed soil in the tension range from saturation to 50 cm of water. Infiltration tests performed in summer and in winter indicated that the field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) of the maquis soil was higher than that of the grassy soil. However the data showed that the Kfs of the two soils changed with the season. In the maquis soil the Kfs increased from summer to winter. This was assumed to be due to water flowing more efficiently through wet soil. By contrast, in the grassy soil the Kfs decreased from summer to winter. This was because the desiccation cracks closed in the wet soil. As result, the influence of the land use change was clear from the Kfs measurements in winter, but less so from those in the summer. Changes in land use altered the dynamics of the infiltration, subsurface drainage and soil water storage of the soil. The maquis soil profile never saturated completely, and only short-lived, event based perched water tables were observed. By contrast, soil saturation and a shallow water table were observed in the grass covered site throughout the wet season. The differences were assumed to be due to the high canopy interception of the maquis cover, and to the macropores in the grassed soil being destroyed after the maquis had been cleared and the soil ploughed. The results of this work are helpful for predicting the changes in the hydraulic properties of the soil and in the near-surface hydrological processes in similar Mediterranean environments where the natural vegetation has been cleared. These changes must be taken into consideration when developing rainfall-runoff models for flood forecasting and water yield evaluation.
Using a terrestrial laser scanner to detect wood characteristics in gravel-bed rivers
Authors: Tonon Alessia , Picco Lorenzo , Ravazzolo Diego , Lenzi Mario Aristide
Published: January 2015

The possibility of analysing the characteristics and volume of inchannel large wood (LW) is of importance for river management but the traditional manual field activities are usually time-consuming and not easy to apply at a larger spatial scale. This paper presents an alternative and faster method to detect the characteristics and measurements of large wood in rivers by using the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) technology. Field-measurements data and TLS scans were collected in August 2013 along 14 ha of the Piave River (Italy) analysing 230 and 208 woody elements for the manual method and the TLS one, respectively. TLS data were processed using the Cyclone 7 software and the LW measurements were extracted adopting two specific tools. The resulting low margin of error in the comparison between field data and those derived from TLS surveys confirmed the ability of TLS in the detection of large wood and wood jams characteristics. The greatest deviations were found for wood jams height which the TLS showed a tendency to overestimate (+24.37%) and LW length with a slight underestimation (–19.76%). Considering the wood volume, the relative difference between the TLS and manual method was within a negligible margin of error of ±7%. Characteristics and measurements of LW in rivers can be obtained from TLS surveys, but some progress in this technique is still needed to allow a better management of the 3D point cloud and a faster extraction of the wood measurements. The proposed method represents an alternative tool for faster and repeated surveys of wood characteristics in a complex river environment, ensuring a reliable quantification of spatial and temporal variation of wood volume.
Clepsis trifasciata sp. n. with notes on some Lepidoptera Tortricidae from Kirgizstan
Authors: Trematerra Pasquale
Published: January 2015

A new species of tortricid moth, Clepsis trifasciata sp. n., from Kadzhi- Sai, Issik-Kul province (Kirgizstan) is described. Externally the new species is characterised by its wing pattern, whilst the male genitalia is close to Clepsis violacea Razowski, 1966, which is widely distributed in the Mongolian steppe region, and to Clepsis laetitiae Soria, 1997, from Aranjuez (Central Spain). Moreover, some notes on some interesting tortricid moths which were collected in the mountainous localities of Kirgizstan are reported.
First record and establishment of Chionaspis wistariae Cooley (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) in Europe
Authors: Pellizzari Giuseppina
Published: January 2015

The occurrence of the A siatic Diaspidid Chionaspis wistariae Cooley in E urope is reported. The scale was collected on the leaves of an old Wisteria tree growing outdoors in the University Botanical Garden of Cluj Napoca (Romania).
Using a kairomone-based attracting system to enhance biological control of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) by Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Sicilian vineyards
Authors: Mansour Ramzi , Suma Pompeo , Mazzeo Gaetana , Russo Agatino , Lebdi Kaouthar Grissa , Buonocore Emanuele
Published: January 2015

The “potato trap” technique was applied for the fi rst time in Italian (Sicily) vineyards in an attempt to assess: a) the impact of the kairomonal activity of the vine mealybug sex pheromone (S)-(+)-lavandulyl senecioate (LS) on the parasitism of mealybugs by the encyrtid Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci, b) the influence of two commonly used insecticides on the parasitization activity of A. sp. near pseudococci towards mealybugs, and c) the efficiency of the release of A. sp. near pseudococci in enhancing parasitism rates of mealybugs. The number of captured A. sp. near pseudococci females in LS baited traps was significantly higher than that in unbaited traps. The minimal number of days for the first parasitoid emergence in LS baited traps was almost 3 days earlier, compared to unbaited control, suggesting a faster host detection by the encyrtid when LS is applied. These findings resulted in a significant increase in parasitism of mealybugs by A. sp. near pseudococci in LS baited traps relative to unbaited traps suggesting that the LS is used by the encyrtid as kairomone to ensure greater potential for host searching activity. Insecticide treatments significantly affected parasitization activity of A. sp. near pseudococci on mealybugs when compared to an untreated control with parasitoid release. The buprofezin, chlorpyriphos-methyl and untreated control with no parasitoid release treatments had statistically similar numbers of emerged parasitoids from exposed mealybugs. The obtained results provide evidence that, in the absence of conventional insecticides applications, the use of the LS could be a promising tool to improve and strengthen biological control of mealybugs by A. sp. near pseudococci within Sicilian vineyard conditions.
Use of molecular tools for the identification of males of some scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), in pheromone traps used for monitoring and comparison with females
Authors: Tóbiás István , Kozár Ferenc , Kaydan Bora. M. , Fetykó Kinga
Published: January 2015

Species from Pseudococcidae family were studied. It was determined that the dry males of Planococcus citri, and Pseudococcus comstocki, collected by pheromone traps could be useful for the molecular analyses too. The ITS-2 sequences of males and females in case of Pl.citri, Planococcus ficus and Ps. comstocki were identical. This molecular method could differentiate the two mealybug species and this method can be useful to have idea specimens collected by pheromone traps.
Cicadatra lorestanica, a new species of cicada from Iran (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Authors: Mozaffarian Fariba , Sanborn Allen F. , Phillips Polly K.
Published: January 2015

Cicadatra lorestanica, sp. n. is described from western Iran. The species was collected in oak woodlands. The song is a continuous series of sound pulses produced at a rate of 917 + 68 Hz (n=4) with peak frequency determined to be 11.391 + 0.099 kHz (n=4).