bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific Features of Lettered Words’ Integration in the Graphic, Phonetic and Grammatical Aspects of the Chinese Language
Authors:   MGIMO University, Uryvskaya Tatiana
Published: May 2021

This paper is devoted to the specific features of lettered words' integration in the graphic, phonetic and grammatical aspects of the Chinese language. The author has analyzed a number of local and foreign studies, covering the main patterns of the lettered words' integration. Based on Liu Yongquan's studies, it was concluded that it's important to strictly follow letters' case. The case difference can distinguish semantics of different lettered words. Native Chinese speakers with high linguistic competence are able to recognize various lettered words in print, but they may not know how to read them out loud. Therefore, the pronunciation of lettered words is associated with a number of issues: the choice of pronunciation standard, the differentiation of initialisms and acronyms, the choice which syllable to stress. Based on the results of previous research, different ways of how borrowed lettered words respond to the grammatical norms of the Chinese language were identified. The empirical analysis was performed with lettered words extracted by the method of continuous sampling from lexicographic sources. Using the cases described in the paper, the author has proved that in addition to such word-formation processes as compounding, semi-affixation, syntactic and morphological transposition, lettered words can also be formed and transformed with morphological contraction.
Artificial Intelligence as an Innovative Vector of Managing the Regional Agro-Industrial Complex
Authors:   Povolzhsky Research Institute of Production and Processing of Meat and Dairy Products, Fedotova Gilyan , Slozhenkina Marina ,   Povolzhsky Research Institute of Production and Processing of Meat and Dairy Products, Mitrofanova Inna ,   Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lamzin Roman ,   Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify the main effective options for the use of digital technologies and forms of artificial intelligence in the production system of the agro-industrial complex of Russia in modern socio-economic conditions in the production of high-quality products that can satisfy the needs of the population of different territories to the fullest. The main characteristics of the methods of artificial intelligence tools are determined taking into account the available opportunities, resource provision and further prospects for the innovative transformation of the agricultural production system. The methodological basis of the study is presented by the results of scientific research of domestic specialists in the field of productive development and implementation of electronic digital technologies and the use of artificial intelligence components in the structure of the agro-industrial complex taking into account foreign experience in the electronic and technological support of economic and production systems in the process of farming. In this regard, the authors used the methods of system analysis, generalization, classification, systemic, and structural-functional approaches. The result of the study is to establish the key characteristics and varieties of artificial intelligence in the production processes of the agro-industrial complex at certain territories of the Russian Federation. The results obtained can be used in the activities of small and medium-sized businesses operating in the field of the agro-industrial complex with the aim of information-technological and electronic-digital modernization of the processes of producing high-quality and competitive agricultural products using artificial intelligence technologies. Promising components of artificial intelligence are one of the key production factors contributing to the maintenance, necessary expansion and increase of the level of economic and production efficiency of the functioning of the most important structures of the agro-industrial complex components. Effective practice-oriented artificial intelligence tools contribute to a comprehensive analysis of the maximum possible information data on resource provision in the agro-industrial complex at the implementation of private entrepreneurial initiatives with the use of digital technologies.
Behavior Strategies of an Industrial Enterprise on Energy Markets as a Tool for Implementing the Principles of Rational Behavior
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Petrova Elena , Usacheva Irina ,   Volgograd State University, Revenko Vitaly ,   Volgograd State University
Published: May 2021

To ensure the sustainability of their market, energy-intensive industrial companies need to address energy efficiency issues. Companies that are prepared for higher tariffs, structural changes in fuel and energy markets, and shortages of energy resources have a wider range of options for responding to new challenges posed by the external environment and reducing their risks. This challenge becomes especially relevant in the context of the development of closed-loop economy aimed at resource optimization, energy conservation, zero-waste production and business models based on maximum operational efficiency. This research aims to build a comprehensive view of the rational behavior of industrial energy consumers in an effort to maximize the benefits and potential of energy markets to reduce the cost of energy supply, increase the level of electrification of industrial production and use the opportunity of their own energy business, as well as identify the main strategies of manufacturing companies in the energy market and the conditions for their effective implementation. The article describes the basic principles of rational behavior, which serve as a basis for the effective implementation of various strategies (seller’s, buyer’s or combined strategy) for industrial enterprises. The connection between rational behavior and management of the energy market potential in the company, as a combination of technological, economic and organizational actions, performed by the energy consumer in the competitive market, and effective management of market risks is shown. Forms of off-grid power supply and conditions of their application in production were analyzed on the example of mini-CHP. The offered classification of behavior strategies of an enterprise at the power market allows making a rational choice among various variants of behavior corresponding to concrete marketing purposes of the company. The choice can be made by analyzing the technological features of production processes, determining the marketing goals of the company, checking the volume of demand and the structure of demand (supply) for the main products of the company, as well as the amount of energy needed for production. It has been shown that as smallscale generation technologies become more advanced, having an on-site energy source becomes a more attractive option. Along with the penetration of smart technologies into core production practices and the transition to a new energy paradigm, conditions are created for the integrated use of various resource reserves.
Indicators for Assessing Socio-Economic Development Strategies of a Region from the Point of View of Competitiveness, Sustainability, Security and Balanced Development
Authors:   Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mitrofanova Inna , Chernova Olga ,   Southern Federal University, Tyupakova Nina ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the content of strategies for social and economic development of southern old industrial regions (Volgograd, Rostov and Astrakhan regions) if the set of measures suggested in them correspond to the goals of providing competitiveness, stability, security and balance of the development of regional social and economic spheres in the medium and long term periods. The relevance of the research is due to the need to improve the efficiency of regulation of social and economic development of old industrial regions, which are seen as promising platforms for neo-industrial transformations. When identifying the criteria, the authors take into account the provisions: a) competitiveness of a region is ensured by the presence of effective development institutions that encourage exportoriented industrial production, its import-substituting constituent, innovative activity of enterprises and organizations, investment attractiveness of the territory; b) sustainability is founded on the methodological positions of sustainable development; c) security should be assessed on the basis of indicators of development of economic, financial and social sphere, reflecting the ability of the economy to function in order to achieve expanded reproduction: structural proportions in economic sectors; d) balanced development is understood as the functioning and development of the object, environmental, project and process subsystems of the region. The analysis of development strategies of old industrial regions of the South of Russia showed that their content, as well as the package of measures, were determined on the basis of the prevailing characteristics of social and economic development of these entities, as well as the management practices that have been developed, which influenced the choice of approaches to the development of regional strategies. While in Volgograd and Astrakhan regions a project-oriented approach prevails, allowing to specify a package of formed measures, in Rostov region the “challenge-reaction” approach dominates, reflecting to a lesser extent the specifics of the opportunities to use regional potential.
Competitive Attractiveness of Regions as a Target of Development Strategies
Authors:   Institute for Regional Economic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grinchel Boris , Nazarova Evgeniya ,   Institute for Regional Economic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the competitive attractiveness and improvement of the characteristics of the regions’ social and economic space that may attract resources and consumers. Competitiveness in such progress ensures the acceleration of the overall development of the country and individual territories. The article substantiates and tests by data from the Russians regions of the Southern Federal District the hypothesis that an increase in certain characteristics of competitive attractiveness in areas which are relevant for a given region and currently in demand by external and internal consumers can be identified and selected as the goals of strategic plans the achievement of which can be controlled and monitored. The aim of the study is to develop and test a methodology for assessment and analysis of the competitive attractiveness of the regions for the selection of their target development priorities. The goal is implemented by means of developing methodological tools and testing through the analysis of the competitive potential of territories. The methodology is based on a set of social and economic factors such as economy, innovation and quality of life. In order to take into account the interdependence of factors while developing strategic plans, the authors provide a matrix of correlations of estimates according to the innovation factor of the competitive potential with the estimates of other factors and an integrated assessment of the factors mentioned above. The analysis of the assessments of regions’ competitive attractiveness made it possible to come to the conclusion that the greatest lag and differentiation in terms of indicators among territories is observed in the regions of the South of Russia from the point of view of the innovation potential and innovative attractiveness. Regional authorities can take into account the results of this research while developing strategies for the regions.
Government Support for the Development of Creative Thinking in Regional Economy
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Jallal Mir , Burkaltseva Diana ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Zharova Amina ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: May 2021

This study reveals essential characteristics of the development of the regional creative sphere in the system of strategic planning. The accelerated rates of the innovative development of science and technology require reduction in the cycles of innovation introduction into the real economy sector and the formation of new approaches to the implementation of the government regional innovation policy. The authors revealed that the urgency of the issue of scientific and technological strategic planning consists in the processes of regional economic development and the identification of the levels of interconnection between programs of social and economic development, the formation of program budget, digital, investment and innovation infrastructure. The purpose of this study was to determine the essence and conditions for the formation and development of the regional creative sphere in the real economy sector. Papers of both domestic and foreign economists formed the methodological basis of research in the field of the development of creative economy. The authors argued that the development of creative regional economy influences the formation of the seventh technological order and is a way to increase the competitiveness both in domestic and global markets. Strategic planning will create tools and mechanisms for attracting long-term investments in the implementation of projects in the regional creative sphere. According to the authors of the article, the development of the creative sphere in the real sector of economy is inextricably linked with the intellectual potential, where the implementation of social and economic development programs is determined by innovation. A special place is occupied by creativity i.e. the ability to generate completely new ideas and their effective implementation, which is a necessary condition for the innovation development. The main conclusions of the authors prove that the regional creative sphere is a key component of strategic planning for the development of society and innovation processes. Creative thinking inherent in the creativity of the human capital is a significant factor of the technological level development.
Preliminary hazard assessment of air pollution levels in Nizwa, Rusayl and Sur in Oman
Authors: Amoatey Patrick , Omidvarborna Hamid , Baawain Mahad Said , Al-Harthy Issa , Al-Mamun Abdullah , Al-Jabri Khalifa
Published: May 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognises air pollution as a serious public health concern in many developing countries due to the influx of energy-intensive industries with limited planning and exposure mitigation strategies. Due to industrial expansion and release of associated air pollutants in Oman, the US Environmental Protection Agency human health risk assessment (HHRA) model was used to determine the non-carcinogenic hazard associated with exposure to industrial emissions. Across the three industrial cities (Nizwa, Sur and Rusayl), the study found ambient average concentrations (μg/m3) of 1 h carbon monoxide (CO) (606–1974), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (7.7–43.9) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) (4.8–9.0) and 24 h PM2.5 (7.3–7.8) and PM10 (38.7–51.5) to be significantly lower than both the Ministry of Environment and Climatic Affairs (MECA) and WHO limits. The HHRA analysis showed that exposure to the air pollutants produced low non-carcinogenic adverse health effects, as the hazard quotient (HQ) was found to be <1 among the population. However, there was an increase in HQ for WHO reference exposure level (REL) values compared with that of MECA; this is due to the relaxed/high REL limits of the latter. Future epidemiological studies involving long-term air pollution exposure assessment and health data may improve the reliability of the current HHRA estimates.
La contribución de los tribunales de los estados partes en el desarrollo del estatuto de la ciudadanía de MERCOSUR
Authors: Alcalde do Nascimento Victor Hugo
Published: May 2021

El Estatuto de la Ciudadanía de Mercosur nació como respuesta a una preocupación sobre como inserir el individuo en la integración, perjudicada debido a su carácter intergubernamental, fundado en la aquiescencia de sus miembros ni siempre está orientada al fortalecimiento de la integración. Este artigo sostiene un cambio de paradigmas: de la conducción política del Poder Ejecutivo para la defensa de derechos del Poder Judicial. Los tribunales nacionales están habituados a respetar el extranjero, a aplicar el derecho foráneo y a considerar precedentes extranjeros en sus decisiones. Ellos pueden, por consiguiente, fortalecer los pilares que forman la ciudadanía del bloque: la libertad de residencia, el libre ejercicio de un trabajo, y, la corrección del déficit democrático. El único obstáculo a su actuación, no obstante, es la deferencia a las opiniones e interpretaciones del Poder Ejecutivo. A este impedimento, este artículo apunta que existen decisiones ejemplares, como ocurre en Unión Europea, que deben ser seguidas y que es necesaria la autonomía de los tribunales domésticos para la construcción de la integración regional y, en consecuencia, de la ciudadanía mercosureña.
Hacia una integración regional más eficiente: Los impactos en el MERCOSUR del Acuerdo de Asociación con la Unión Europea y un cambio para una mejor ejecución
Authors: García Blanksman Ramiro
Published: May 2021

En el presente trabajo se expondrán los impactos que significaría para el MERCOSUR la entrada en vigor del Acuerdo de Asociación realizado con la Unión Europea. Para ello, primero hay que considerar ciertas características de ambas estructuras de integración regional. El MERCOSUR, al ser un organismo intergubernamental, actualmente presenta algunas limitaciones estructurales en comparativa con la Unión Europea, como ser las asimetrías jerárquicas en la normativa del organismo en los distintos estados miembros, ausencia de plazo para la integración de estas, la dependencia a los intereses de los gobiernos de turno, entre otras. Debido a ello, se logrará apreciar que el acuerdo de Asociación Unión Europea-MERCOSUR implicaría un significativo avance en mejorar la calidad institucional del MERCOSUR. Sin embargo, en el presente análisis se argumentará la existencia una alternativa que lograría una mayor captación de las distintas ganancias que este acuerdo implica, la cual es la de transformar al MERCOSUR en un organismo supranacional. En virtud de ello, se realizará un análisis comparativo a la estructura de la Unión Europea, ya que posee características como la aplicabilidad inmediata de sus normas, teniendo un efecto directo y superior a los derechos nacionales de los estados miembros. Al final del trabajo, se podrá inferir que, si bien el mencionado Acuerdo es un gran paso para una integración regional más eficiente, transformar al MERCOSUR en un organismo supranacional lograría una mejor aplicabilidad del mismo, como así también suplir gran parte de las ineficiencias jurídicas que actualmente posee y brindándole a sus estados miembros una mayor estabilidad jurídica, lo cual derivaría en mayores beneficios sociales y económicos.
MERFISH - Imaging v1
Authors: R. Blosser Timothy , Zhuang Xiaowei
Published: May 2021

This protocol describes the steps of a MERFISH imaging experiment, starting with a tissue sample that has already been processed as described previously. This protocol requires access to a MERFISH microscope, which has been described previously in: Xia C, et al. (2019) Spatial transcriptome profiling by MERFISH reveals subcellular RNA compartmentalization and cell cycle-dependent gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116:19490-19499. This protocol is a part of a collection of protocols used in the profiling of OCT- embedded fresh-frozen metastatic breast cancer tissue samples with MERFISH for the Human Tumor Atlas Pilot Project (HTAPP).
MERFISH - Tissue Processing v1
Authors: R. Blosser Timothy , Zhuang Xiaowei
Published: May 2021

This protocol covers the steps for processing tissue for MERFISH imaging, starting immediately after a tissue section is mounted on a coverslip, including: fixation, probe hybridization, gel embedding, and clearing. A section describing steps for long-term storage is also included. This protocol is a part of a collection of protocols used in the profiling of OCT- embedded fresh-frozen metastatic breast cancer tissue samples with MERFISH for the Human Tumor Atlas Pilot Project (HTAPP).
MERFISH - Probe Design v1
Authors: R. Blosser Timothy , Zhuang Xiaowei
Published: May 2021

This protocol describes the strategy used in designing encoding and readout probes for MERFISH, and specifically describes its application to the gene panel used to profile metastatic breast cancer (MBC) tissue for the Human Tumor Atlas Pilot Project (HTAPP). The MBC gene panel consisted of 291 genes imaged in combinatorial rounds and 8 genes imaged sequentially in individual rounds. This protocol is heavily based on previously described work (1, 2) and utilizes a computational pipeline for actual probe construction. This protocol is a part of a collection of protocols used in the profiling of OCT- embedded fresh-frozen MBC tissue samples with MERFISH for HTAPP. 1. Moffitt JR, et al. (2018) Molecular, spatial, and functional single-cell profiling of the hypothalamic preoptic region. Science 362(6416):aau5324. 2. Xia C, et al. (2019) Spatial transcriptome profiling by MERFISH reveals subcellular RNA compartmentalization and cell cycle-dependent gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116:19490-19499. 3. http://ljcr.dmgordon.org/cover/table.html#t=3 4. Hamming RW (1950) Error Detecting and Error Correcting Codes. Bell System Technical Journal 29(2):14. 5. Chen KH, Boettiger AN, Moffitt JR, Wang S, & Zhuang X (2015) RNA imaging. Spatially resolved, highly multiplexed RNA profiling in single cells. Science 348(6233):aaa6090. 6. Moffitt JR, et al. (2016) High-throughput single-cell gene-expression profiling with multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113(39):11046-11051 7. https://github.com/ZhuangLab/MERFISH_analysis 8. G. Wang, J. R. Moffitt, X. Zhuang. Sci. Rep. 8, 1–13 (2018). 9. Moffitt JR, et al. (2016) High-performance multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization in culture and tissue with matrix imprinting and clearing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(50):14456-14461.
Collection and processing of intertidal seagrass tissues for bacterial and fungal culturing v1
Authors: Ettinger Cassie
Published: May 2021

This protocol details collection and processing of intertidal seagrass tissues for bacterial and fungal culturing.
p6 11/5 v1
Authors: Guliakina Maria , K K
Published: May 2021

test
p2 11/5 v1
Authors: Guliakina Maria
Published: May 2021

test
FEATURES OF THE POWER LEGITIMATION IN THE AGE OF POSTMODERNISM
Authors: Onishchenko Anastasiia
Published: May 2021

The crisis of legitimacy is an urgent problem in modern political science. After all, a necessary condition for the functioning of any democratic state is the legitimacy of power, recognition and support of the majority of the population.
The main methods used for this article are: political science — analysis of specialized scientific sources allowed to identify specific features of political science interpretation of key concepts and trace their development within political science, comparative — allowed to compare modernist and postmodernist approach to understanding the legitimacy of power and identify their main features, systematic approach, allowed to consider complex and multifaceted process with the corresponding internal and external features of functioning, historical — research of transformation of understanding of concept of legitimacy.
This article reveals the characteristic features of legitimacy in the pre-modern and modern times, however, the main focus is on the features of the legitimation of power in the postmodern era. Among them: the presence in the public consciousness and information space of a negative image of government and politics; total individualism; departure from modernist rationalism in the direction of creative search; legitimation through work with meanings, texts and images; rejection of the concept of «patience for the sake of the future» and the transition to the dominance of consumer society; the requirement to meet the needs of the «here and now». Through the active involvement of economic, cultural, religious and other spheres in politics, today we can speak of the disappearance of legitimacy in its pure form and the establishment of its connection with other socio-political and economic phenomena. Thus, to study this phenomenon today it is necessary to use the tools of other sciences, especially economics.
RUSSIAN POLICY OF GENOCIDE THROUGH DEPORTATION OF PEOPLES: SYSTEMICITY AND PERMANENCE OF REPRESSION
Authors: Krysachenko Valentyn
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of one of the forms of genocide policy, namely — the crime of deportation, which was practiced by the Russian state throughout its existence. The political significance of the deportations was to curb the resistance of the tamed peoples, to prevent the real or potential threat of anti-Russian movements. Russia, as the successor to the USSR, did not assume political, legal and moral responsibility for the repression, the process of rehabilitation of deported peoples was stopped completely.
At the time of the collapse of the USSR, the leadership of the RSFSR tried to take certain steps in this direction, but with the proclamation of the Russian Federation as the successor to the union state, such efforts were completely stopped. In the current conditions in Russia there is no political, legal and moral assessment of crimes, no objective assessment of the causes and consequences of mass repression, rehabilitation of deported peoples committed in part or not at all, a number of regulations of the Soviet period to restrict rights and freedoms procedural use, etc. Moreover, the aggressive actions of modern Russia against independent states, including Moldova, Georgia, Syria, Libya, and especially Ukraine, have been a determining factor in new waves of forced migration of large populations, accompanied by significant human, moral, and material losses. All this imposes a special responsibility on the world community to carry out actions of various ranks (political, legal, economic, etc. ) to deter the criminal actions of the aggressor country and to develop the necessary conditions and requirements for the inevitability of punishment for crimes committed by the Putin regime.
Factores asociados a complicaciones prequirúrgicas en pacientes con equinococosis quística de áreas endémicas del Perú
Authors: Pacífico Juana , Cabrera Rufino , Salgado-Díaz Sara , Mormontoy Wilfredo , Suárez-Ognio Luis
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a complicaciones prequirúrgicas en pacientes con equinococosis quística (EC) en áreas endémicas del Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio de casos (n = 43) y controles (n = 127), sin emparejamiento, de fuente secundaria con una relación de caso-control de 1:3. Se definió como «caso» al paciente con EC que presentó complicaciones prequirúrgicas relacionadas o no con la enfermedad y el control sin complicación prequirúrgica. La variable respuesta fue complicación prequirúrgica y las de exposición fueron edad, género, grado de instrucción, ocupación, número de quistes, tamaño (diámetro en centímetros) y localización del quiste. Para identificar los factores de riesgo, primero se calcularon los odds ratio crudos (ORc) mediante regresión logística; luego las variables que mostraron asociación significativa se ajustaron mediante análisis multivariado de regresión logística utilizando Stata® versión 14, y se obtuvieron los odds ratio ajustados (ORa). Resultados: El 55,8% (24/43) de los casos fueron mujeres y la mediana de edad fue 35 años. Entre los controles, el 59,1% (75/127) fueron mujeres y la mediana de edad fue 27 años. En el análisis de regresión logística multivariado, se encontró que tener más de 56 años tiene un ORa de 2,91 (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 1,01-8,43) y tener ≥3 quistes tiene un ORa de 4,26 (IC 95%: 1,62-11,22) para presentar complicaciones prequirúrgicas en pacientes con EQ. Conclusión: Los factores asociados para presentar complicaciones prequirúrgicas en EQ fueron el tener más de 56 años y el tener ≥3 quistes.
Bacteriemia por listeria en pacientes de un instituto oncológico peruano, 2005-2015
Authors: Cuéllar Luis E. , Chiappe Alfredo , Velarde Juan , Holguín Alexis , Portillo Diana , Vicente William
Published: May 2021

La listeriosis es una infección severa de elevada morbimortalidad en el paciente inmunocomprometido, existen formas diseminadas y fatales en el paciente oncológico. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de las características clínico-epidemiológicas de los pacientes oncológicos con listeriosis atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas entre 2005 y 2015. Se incluyeron 29 pacientes, 23 (79,3%) casos de listeriosis se presentaron en pacientes con neoplasia hematológica, de los cuales el 52,3% fueron leucemia linfática aguda y 39,1% linfoma no Hodgkin. Listeria monocytogenes representó el 72,4% de las especies aisladas. Veintisiete (93,1%) tuvieron criterios de sepsis y veinticuatro (82,7%) compromiso neurológico al ingreso. La presentación más común fue la bacteriemia, seguida de la meningoencefalitis (20,6%). La mortalidad global fue del 75,8%. Se concluye que la listeriosis conlleva elevada morbimortalidad en el paciente oncohematológico, por lo que debe sospecharse en el paciente admitido con sepsis y/o compromiso neurológico agudo.
Videos para mejorar las habilidades prácticas y conocimientos de cuidadores de pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular
Authors: Sánchez-Huamash Claudia María , Cárcamo-Cavagnaro César
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de videos educativos para mejorar las habilidades prácticas y conocimientos de los cuidadores informales de pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular. Materiales y métodos: Estudio pretest/postest. Los participantes fueron diez cuidadores de 18 a 65 años y de ambos sexos de pacientes en fase subaguda del accidente cerebrovascular. Se desarrollaron ocho videos educativos relacionados aposicionamientos, movilizaciones y transferencias, que se implementaron en la casa de los cuidadores y/o pacientes a lo largo de tres días (en el primer día, tres videos; segundo día, tres videos; y tercer día, dos videos). Cada video fue visualizado en una tableta por 30 minutos. Las habilidades prácticas y conocimientos se evaluaron antes y después de cada video, y finalmente, la satisfacción de los cuidadores. Se usaron tres instrumentos, una lista de chequeo para evaluar las habilidades prácticas, un cuestionario para evaluar los conocimientos y otro para la satisfacción. Resultados: El puntaje de las habilidades prácticas  incrementó de 21,6 a 56,1 puntos (p0,001) y los conocimientos de 11,6 a 21,6 puntos (p0,001). Además, 7/10 de los cuidadores estaban muy satisfechos con los videos, 7/10 consideró fácil las palabras, 7/10 consideró fácil poner en práctica las indicaciones, 9/10 definitivamente recomendaría los videos y todos los consideraban útiles. Conclusión: Los videos educativos mejoran las habilidades prácticas y conocimientos de los cuidadores informales de pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular. Los videos educativos desarrollados podrían usarse para capacitar a los cuidadores sobre el manejo de estos pacientes.
Revisiones de alcance, revisiones paraguas y síntesis enfocada en revisión de mapas: aspectos metodológicos y aplicaciones
Authors: Chambergo-Michilot Diego , Diaz-Barrera Mario E. , Benites-Zapata Vicente A.
Published: May 2021

Nuestro objetivo fue comentar las diferencias metodológicas y aplicaciones de tres nuevos tipos de revisiones con especial atención a Latinoamérica. Entre estos nuevos tipos de revisiones tenemos a las revisiones de alcance, revisiones paraguas y síntesis enfocada en revisión de mapas. Las revisiones de alcance identifican la naturaleza y extensión de la evidencia, las revisiones paraguas se centran en la síntesis de todas las revisiones sistemáticas que abordan un mismo problema de salud, mientras que las síntesis enfocadas en la revisión de mapas son opciones válidas cuando resulta inviable un mapeo clásico de la evidencia, por abordar demasiados artículos. En la medida de que los investigadores en Latinoamérica se familiaricen con la metodología y utilidad de estos nuevos tipos de revisión, se observará un incremento de la producción científica.
Protocolo de prueba de ventilador mecánico para atención de pacientes con COVID-19 en modelo porcino
Authors: García-Castro Giovanni , Latorre-Galeano David , Giraldo-Montoya Ángela María , Cabrales-Vega Rodolfo Adrián , Isaza-Velásquez Enrique , Gómez-González José Fernando , González-Corrales Juan Carlos , Ardila-Otero Álvaro , Flórez-Castañeda Indhira Tatiana , Chica-Builes Juan Fernando , Martínez-Ávila Ángela María , González-Colonia Luz Victoria
Published: May 2021

A raíz de la pandemia generada por el SARS-CoV-2, los sistemas de salud de los distintos países han experimentado un dramático aumento en la ocupación de las unidades de cuidado intensivo y, por ende, una alta demanda de ventiladores mecánicos. En este artículo se propone un protocolo de pruebas de ventiladores mecánicos de bajo costo en modelos porcinos, como parte del desarrollo de equipos biomédicos que pueden apoyar la crisis sanitaria suscitada por la pandemia. El protocolo aborda aspectos que incluyen la fase previa a la prueba, el manejo anestésico, de vía aérea, seguimiento de laboratorio, recuperación y seguimiento del animal. Como resultado, se presenta a la comunidad académica un protocolo de validación de prototipo de ventilador mecánico en espécimen porcino como un referente para su aplicación y revalidación por parte de grupos interesados en el desarrollo de tecnologías locales de bajo costo.
Bayesian Estimation of the ETAS Model for Earthquake Occurrences
Authors: Ross Gordon J.
Published: May 2021

The epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model is widely used in seismic forecasting. However, most studies of ETAS use point estimates for the model parameters, which ignores the inherent uncertainty that arises from estimating these from historical earthquake catalogs, resulting in misleadingly optimistic forecasts. In contrast, Bayesian statistics allows parameter uncertainty to be explicitly represented and fed into the forecast distribution. Despite its growing popularity in seismology, the application of Bayesian statistics to the ETAS model has been limited by the complex nature of the resulting posterior distribution, which makes it infeasible to apply to catalogs containing more than a few hundred earthquakes. To combat this, we develop a new framework for estimating the ETAS model in a fully Bayesian manner, which can be efficiently scaled up to large catalogs containing thousands of earthquakes. We also provide easy-to-use software that implements our method.
Investigation of the Performance of Simplified Constitutive Models in Nonlinear 1D Effective Stress Ground Response Analysis
Authors: Bessette Caroline , Yniesta Samuel
Published: May 2021

Several building codes, such as the National Building Code of Canada, recommend that an effective stress ground response analysis be performed if a liquefiable stratum is identified within a soil profile. Although, constitutive models for total stress ground response analysis have been well verified against earthquake recordings, existing models for effective stress ground response analysis have yet to be thoroughly validated. This article investigates the predictions of five pore pressure models derived for effective stress ground response analysis. First, a dataset of five downhole arrays and two centrifuge experiments in which a potential of liquefaction was identified is presented. The profiles and ground-motion recordings are selected to represent a broad range of soil properties, ground-motion intensities, and excess-pore pressure generation levels. The differences between predictions of the effective stress models against commonly used 1D ground response total stress equivalent-linear and nonlinear analyses are evaluated. The predicted and measured motions are compared in terms of spectral response and amplification factor. The pore pressure response of all models is evaluated as a function of shear strain and found to agree well with published correlations representing the expected behavior of liquefiable soils. Although, the models show the ability to capture liquefaction triggering, the results indicate that for the selected dataset, total stress simulations were found to be, at least, as precise and accurate as the effective stress simulations. Therefore, simplified models for effective stress ground analysis should be used with caution by practicing engineers to predict surface spectra but can be used confidently to assess the potential for liquefaction triggering.
Canonical Correlation Analysis Based on Site-Response Proxies to Predict Site-Specific Amplification Functions in Switzerland
Authors: Panzera Francesco , Bergamo Paolo , Fäh Donat
Published: May 2021

The national seismic networks of Switzerland comprise more than 200 stations. At the station sites, the empirical amplification functions (EAFs) are routinely computed after each earthquake using a generalized inversion method based on separation of source, path, and site effects. The seismic stations are also characterized through geophysical measurements aiming to estimate shear-wave velocity profiles and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of ambient vibrations (HVNR). Using this information, the correlation between the HVNR and EAF is assessed through canonical correlation. Once established, the canonical correlation is used to reconstruct the expected EAFpred at each considered station site in the dataset. The prediction is individually made for all seismic stations in the dataset, excluding every time the investigated station is from the calibration dataset; the reconstruction of the EAFpred is performed resorting to two parallel methods. The first method uses a combination of the canonical correlation parameters and Moran index, and the second one solves in a least-squares sense an overdetermined linear equation system including the canonical couples deemed as reliable. After a first round of predictions, a systematic lower EAFpred in soft sediment sites and a higher EAFpred in hard-rock sites is observed. A possible explanation for this behavior is found in the “normalization” to the Swiss standard rock profile in the computation of the EAF at the Swiss stations. Therefore, to reduce this effect, geological and geophysical parameters are considered in addition to the HVNR in the canonical correlation. We observe that the final solution improves when the least-squares solution approach is used with a combination of HVNR, VS30, and thickness of the ice cover at the last glacial maximum. Moreover, a blind test is performed using data not considered in the calibration dataset. The results highlight the ability of the method to provide an estimate of the site amplification over chosen frequency bins.
Transmilenio y SITP: Un nudo político
Authors: Alberti Juan , Pereyra Andrés
Published: May 2021

Los megaproyectos suelen ser proyectos politizados. En estos se optimiza el proceso de toma de decisiones con un criterio político, en busca de generar acuerdos, desarrollando actividades que influencian la contienda electoral, mantienen la capacidad de gobierno y direccionan las políticas públicas. En estos casos el liderazgo político debe ser tal para que se equilibren objetivos técnicos y políticos, y así evitar asumir riesgos innecesarios. En particular, este liderazgo debe ser transparente y rendir cuentas para que el megaproyecto no se transforme en un hecho personal y transitorio. Transmilenio y el Sistema Integrado de Transporte Público (SITP) son las dos partes fundamentales de un megaprograma de proyectos sucesivos que buscó ordenar el transporte por autobús en Bogotá, Colombia, a partir de 1998. El proceso de desarrollo de dichos proyectos, con sus diferentes etapas, es útil para mostrar cómo una planificación racional, con una lógica de generación de acuerdo político, puede llevar a viabilizar las etapas iniciales de estos proyectos, pero también a que se asuman riesgos. Más aún, el caso sirve para ilustrar cómo la institucionalidad puede generar cierta inercia, pero que esta termina cediendo paulatinamente a las decisiones políticas de cada administración. Este caso revela la importancia de que los megaprogramas de proyectos, y megaproyectos, sean parte de una construcción colectiva que promueva su sostenibilidad y, así, genere los resultados esperados.
Biodiversity of Indian Rotifers (Rotifera) with remarks on biogeography and richness in diverse ecosystems
Authors: Sharma Bhushan Kumar , Sharma Sumita
Published: May 2021

We assess biodiversity status of Rotifera known from India to-date based on our studies from various regions of this country and evaluation of other viable records, and highlight notable features of biogeography and richness. The Indian fauna reveals 434 valid species belonging to 68 genera and 25 families and thus indicates the most biodiverse Rotifera vis-àvis south and Southeast Asia, and records ~25% and ~41% species of global and regional biogeographic interest. It depicts the littoral-periphytic nature, broadly tropical character, the limited reports of cold-water species from the sub-Himalayan and Himalayan latitudes, paucity of the endemics and Bdelloids, and cryptic diversity awaits analyses. The richest diversity and distinct biogeographic identity of Rotifera of Northeast India (NEI) is attributed to location of this region in the ‘Himalayan and Indo-Burmese’ biodiversity hot-spots, ‘Assam gateway’ – the biogeographic corridor, and the ‘Rotiferologist effect’. Regional disparity and spatial heterogeneity of biodiversity elsewhere from India are attributed to the limited sampling, inadequate collections from diverse ecosystems, unidentified species, and paucity of attention on smaller species. The biodiverse rotifer assemblages of the floodplain lakes including Deepor Beel and Loktak Lake, the two Ramsar sites and globally megadiverse ecosystems, are hypothesized to habitat diversity of these ecotones, while ‘Rotifera paradox’ depict speciose constellations per sample. The species-rich small floodplain and urban wetlands focus interest on rotifer diversity in small water bodies. We estimate more diverse Indian Rotifera following analyses of collections from underexplored and unexplored regions and ecosystems, and the bdelloid and sessile rotifers using integrative taxonomic approaches.
The influence of dietary inclusion of wood vinegar supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in grower-finisher pigs
Authors: Sureshkumar Shanmugam , Sampath Vetriselvi , Kim In Ho
Published: May 2021

The current research aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of wood vinegar on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality of grower-finisher pigs. In total, 132 crossbred ({Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc}) grower-finisher pigs with an initial average body weight 30.48±4.23 kg (11 replications/treatment; 4 pigs/pen) were used in a 16-week trial. Based on the body weight and sex the pigs were randomly assigned to three treatments. Dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.05% and 0.1% wood vinegar. The inclusion of dietary wood vinegar supplementation significantly improved the body weight gain (BWG) and average daily gain (ADG) (P=0.0521; 0.043) of pigs at week 16. The total track nutrient digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen was linearly increased in pigs fed with an increased amount of wood vinegar. In addition, dietary supplementation of wood vinegar linearly improved longissimus muscle area, yellowness (b*) of the meat color, and carcass weight (P<0.05) and a tendency in linear reduction was observed for water holding capacity (P=0.068), and drip loss at d5 and d7 (P=0.091, 0.069). However, there was no significant difference found for lean meat percentage and backfat thickness in this experiment. In summary, dietary inclusion of wood vinegar supplementation enhanced growth performance and total track digestibility of nutrients and had no effects on lean meat percentage and backfat thickness of grower-finisher pigs.
A rapid method for protein staining in polyacrylamide gels using water saturated with chloroform
Authors: Pieta Paweł Piotr , Burchacka Ewa , Śliwa Aleksandra , Szczerba Anna
Published: May 2021

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by an appropriate staining, is a popular and useful analytical procedure for protein identification and characterization. The aim of this study was to develop a method for protein visualization in polyacrylamide gels that would be alternative to Coomassie blue or silver staining. The proposed method is simple, fast and inexpensive. The optimized protocol for protein staining and visualization takes as little as 6 minutes and utilizes deionized water and chloroform. Fluorescence of proteins is induced by UV light and can be detected with a standard transilluminator.
Desafios do ensino de matemática com tecnologias digitais nos anos iniciais
Authors: Soares Ribeiro Elisângela , Sant'Ana Irani Parolin , Sant'Ana Claudinei de Camargo
Published: May 2021

Este artigo é um recorte da pesquisa de mestrado que possui como objetivo principal identificar e analisar as possibilidades, desafios em utilizar pedagogicamente as tecnologias na formação continuada de professores que ensinam Matemática nos anos iniciais. Foi realizado um curso de extensão semipresencial em 2016 para professores dos anos iniciais da Educação Básica. Como parte do desenvolvimento da pesquisa nos valemos do Fórum de Discussão do Facebook (FDF) e o Diário dos participantes que foi produzido no Google DOC (DB). Os dados foram analisados utilizando a Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) e os resultados apontam que os professores reconhecem que as Tecnologias Digitais (TD) estão cada vez mais próximas da vida escolar bem como a importância da formação continuada para alavancar a utilização das TD em sala de aula.
Dando vida ao reconhecimento territorial
Authors: Janzen Melanie
Published: May 2021

A problemática da colonização no Canadá e da relação com os povos indígenas é central. Os campi da Universidade de Manitoba, no Canadá, estão localizados nas terras originais de Anishinaabeg, Cree, Oji-Cree, Dakota, povos Dene e no território da Nação Métis. Diante desse fato, a autora se reflete sobre a indação: Como, eu como colona, pesquisadora e professora, ofereço um reconhecimento territorial significativo quando estou tão claramente situada em – e me benefício de – terras roubadas? Desse modo, a autora revisita o significado do reconhecimento territorial (de viver nas terras originárias dos povos indígenas) no ensino, sondando autobiograficamente sentidos que podem dar vida a atos de reconhecimento.
Investigation of Chemical Modification and Enzymatic Degradation of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Hemoprotein Particle Composites
Authors: AWAD Sameer
Published: May 2021

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films with different hemp protein particles (HPP) as additives were successfully synthesized by a solution casting method. The properties of HPP-based PVA composites films were investigated. The characterizations of pure PVA and PVA composite films were performed regarding Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultra-violet (UV-Vis) to investigate the chemical properties. The formation of hydrogen bond in the PVA-HPP films, which could improve the compatibility of the two components was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and UV-Vis analysis. The overall results showed that a higher loading of HPP into the PVA matrix improved the chemical interactions significantly. The swelling degree decreased while the water contact angle values increased as the HPP content increased.