bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Experimental Study of Molten Blast Slag Dry Granulation
Authors: Zhou Yang Min , Li Chao , Xu Li Li , Luo Si Yi , Yi Chui Jie
Published: October 2011

Based on the comprehensive experimental test-bed of blast furnace slag waste heat recovery, we study the impacts which are caused by the changes of the key parameters, such as blast furnace slag discharged temperature, the speed of the granulation device, on the particle diameter distribution and sphericity, so as to master the best operating parameters of the blast furnace slag dry granulation, and provide experimental basic materials for blast furnace slag waste heat recovery. The results show that: when the discharged temperature of the blast furnace slag is controlled in 1400°C～1450°C, and the speed of the granulation device is controlled above 2000r/min, the sphericity is better, and 80% of the particle’s diameter will be 2～5mm.
Ultrasound Enhanced Biomass Energy Conversion Technology of Excess Sludge
Authors: Yan Yi Xin , Gao Jian Lei , Wu Jian Ping
Published: October 2011

The excess sludge from wastewater treatment plants can be converted to methane or hydrogen through appropriate anaerobic digestion process, which is an effective way to prevent pollution and recover biomass energy. However, the lower conversion rate that results in long residence time and large digester volume limits its application. The ultrasonic technology can be applied to effectively improve the biomass conversion of excess sludege during anaerobic digestion process. In this review, the mechanism and main influencing factors of ultrasonic enhancement were summarized, and the current research situation and future development were presented as well.
Utilization of Organic Materials as Soil Amendments for Cucumber Production in Greenhouse Cultivation
Authors: Li Yu Qi , Ao Yan Song
Published: October 2011

Appropriate application of organic materials to agricultural soil is considered to be a valuable alternative to landfills or incineration and a good management practice for maintaining soil fertility and sustainable crop production. This study was performed to evaluate the potential use of five organic materials (peat moss, bran coat, asparagus residue, turf clipping and soybean residue) as soil amendments and/or fertilizers for greenhouse cucumber production. Each organic material was applied to greenhouse soil at the rate of 7.5 t ha-1. The application of organic materials to the greenhouse soil produced an improvement in the soil properties as well as in the cucumber growth, yield and quality, especially low-cost asparagus residues, turf clipping and soybean residues. Nevertheless, these improvements depended on the chemical composition of organic materials. In particular, all organic materials significantly increased soil potassium content. Asparagus residues significantly increased soil phosphorus content. This study demonstrated that asparagus residues, turf clipping and soybean residues were suitable for use as soil amendments and/or fertilizers for greenhouse cucumber production in terms of economic evaluation.
Treating Methods of Oily Sludge
Authors: Kong Ling Rong , Xia Fu Jun , Jing Guo Lin
Published: October 2011

In the process of oil production and processing, there will be produced large amounts of oily sludge, which is one of the important factors that have adverse effects on oil field and surrounding environmental quality. This paper reviewed the current treatment methods of oily sludge, and prospected the future research and development tendency.
Zooplankton Diversity in the Water Resource Area of the Mid-Line Project of South to North Water Division
Authors: Li Yu Ying , Zhang Zheng Tian , Yin Wei , Hu Lan Qun , Liang Zi An , Wang Fang , Lei Guo Ming
Published: October 2011

Danjiangkou reservoir is the water resource area of the mid-line project of south to north water division. Zooplanktons are monitored at thirteen ecological stations in Danjiangkou reservoir and its typical branch rivers in August 2010 in order to establish the scientific foundation of the databank of the long-term ecological research and the layout of ecological project of the water resource. The water samples are collected using standard methods. Saprobic system is used to evaluate the trophic status of the water resource area of the min-line project. The samples contained 154 species (varieties), 110 genera of zooplankton, of which rotifea is the most, accounting for 35%, followed by copepods, protozoa and cladoceran. There are 6 species (varieties) saprobic indicators, of which β-mesosaporbic indicators account for 66.7%. No hyper-mesotrophic indicators of zooplankton occurred in the water samples. Therefore, Danjiangkou reservoir is under β-mesosaporbic status and suitable for the requirement of the water quality of the mid-line project.
Study on Cationic Starch Graft Copolymer in Papermaking Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Liu Quan Xiao , Xu Wen Cai
Published: October 2011

Paper industry is one of the major environmental pollution industries in china, pulp and paper industry wastewater discharge amount is from 10% to 12% of the national total wastewater discharge amount. Cationic starch graft copolymer was prepared in laboratory and used to treat papermaking wastewater. The effects of its cationic degree, dosage, flocculation temperature, flocculation time and the combination with alum on papermaking wastewater treatment were investigated. It was found that the best flocculation in the treatment of papermaking wastewater is achieved when cationic degree of cationic starch graft copolymer is 27.38%, adding amount is 15mL, flocculation temperature is 50°C and the mass ratio of alum to cationic starch graft copolymer is 2: 1. The flocculation of composite flocculant made up with alum to cationic starch graft copolymer to papermaking wastewater is much better than only cationic starch graft copolymer is used.
Effects of a Biofertilizer from Domestic Waste on Pak Choi (Brassica chinensis) Cultivation
Authors: Wu Jin Chao , Huang Guang Rong , Sun Wan Chun
Published: October 2011

Domestic waste is easily decomposed by microbes to produce odor detrimental to environmental quality. The production of biofertilizer is one of low environment pollution method for domestic waste treatment. The effect of biofertilizer from domestic waste on Chinese traditional vegetable, pak choi (Brassica chinensis), was investigated. The biofertilizer from domestic waste can improve output with 79.7% and increase the chlorophyll content of pak choi. The biofertilizer treatment with more than 100 kg/hm2 can increase phosphorous accumulation and the treatment with 1000 kg/hm2 has the highest potassium accumulation in the above-ground fraction of pak choi. The biofertilizer at 1000 kg/hm2 level has the similar effects for absorption of nutritional elements of N, P and K with chemical fertilizer. The biofertilizer, especially at 1000 kg/hm2 level, can improve the organic matter index of soil.
Study on Electrosorption Removal of Chloride Ion from Reclaimed Water
Authors: Yang Chun Xiang , Yang Guo Li , Shi Yong Jiang , Chen Shou Jie
Published: October 2011

The electrosorption technology for removal of chloride ion is researched by the static adsorption experiment, and various factors of the impact of the removal efficiency, combined with the removal of water quality and water treatment requirements, best adsorption conditions is identified that voltage is 5V, plate spacing is 1.0cm, adsorption time is 15min. Electrosorption technology in wastewater recycling project has certain benefits at economic, environmental and social, and have certain application value.
Study on Forced Aeration Composting of Digested Sludge and Sawdust under Low Ambient Temperature
Authors: Wang Zi Chao , Gao Meng Chun , Tian Ying , Wang Bu Ying , Wang Min
Published: October 2011

Physicochemical and biological properties were studied during the forced aeration composting of digested sludge and sawdust under ambient temperature between 9 and 15°C. The temperature above 55°C in the core of composting pile kept for 5d during the whole composting process. Total organic carbon and moisture content obviously declined with the increase of composting time, and the content of NO3--N increased. pH, electrical conductivity, NH4+-N, cellulose and urease activities originally increased and then declined. The germination index was 82.82% on day 35. The research results showed that forced aeration composting of digested sludge and sawdust under low ambient temperature could meet the demand of mature on day 35.
Study of Pilotscale Experiment for Treatment of Piggery Wastewater by UASB-SBR
Authors: Li Chuan Ju , Zhang Ying , Yan Li Long , Wang Xi , Zhao De Lin
Published: October 2011

Wastewater discharges from livestock premises could cause serious environmental problems, and it difficult to remove effectively by using a single reactor due to the following characteristics such as high organic matter and high ammonia In this experiment by using the mixed processing mode of UASB plus SBR to study the pilotscale experiment for treatment of piggery wastewater, and investigate the reactor remove pollutants from wastewater at room temperature. After stable operation, the results of removal on COD, ammonia, SS were quite obvious, with the removal rate of 92, 90 and 95% respectively, the removal rate of TP was 80%, and the pH monitoring indicates that the reactor operate normally.
A Multi-Objective Linear Programming Model for a Regional Two–Phase MSW Transfer System in a Medium Sized City – A Case Study in Zhongshan, China
Authors: Zhou Jing Cheng , Chen Hai Bin , Hu Yang , Zhang Hao Lan , Ren Li
Published: October 2011

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) has consistently improved to keep up with the vast amount of solid waste in urban and rural areas. Research on optimization for an efficient management system has a place for the collection, transportation and transfer of solid waste. Waste transfer optimization attempts to minimize the inconvenience and costs, which must transfer between waste generation source and waste disposal sites (WDSs). In this paper, a Multi-objective Linear Programming Model for the Two-phase Waste Transfer System (MOLPMWTS) is assumed to be given, with which the two-phase waste transfer stations (WTSs) and motor carriers for waste transfer are take into account. And a two-phase waste transfer system in town of Guzhen, Zhongshan, China, is presented. The case showed a multi-objectives for numerical minimization of allocation of WTSs and transfer carriers.
Adsorption of Aniline from Aqueous Solution by KSF Montmorillonite
Authors: Zhang Jiang Ying , Xu Jian , Zhang Yuan , Li Lei , Zhang Ying , Zhang Jun Jie
Published: October 2011

In the present paper, the adsorption characteristics of aniline onto KSF montmorillonite from aqueous solution were investigated. Experiments were conducted at various pH values, temperatures, ionic strength and surfactant concentrations. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were adopted to investigate the rate parameters, and the pseudo-second-order equation was proved to be able to successfully predict whole process. Optimal adsorption pH was determined at 3.6. Among the selected models (linear, Langmuir, Freundlich, DR (Dubinin–Radusckevich) models), linear and DR models were found to be better fit the experimental data, which revealed the physisorption nature of the adsorption process. Meanwhile, with the increase of reaction temperatures, the adsorption capacity decreased. The results of the calculated thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the adsorption was an exothermic, spontaneous and unfavorable process.
Influence of Synthesis Temperature on Magnetic and Adsorption Properties of Nickel–Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles by Microwave Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Chen Dan , Li Yang , Guo Yun
Published: October 2011

The microwave hydrothermal method was applied in the synthesis of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2 O4 ferrite nanoparticle. X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) were conducted to characterize the as-prepared samples. The experiment results revealed the as-prepared nanoparticle was 8.50-10.3 nm in size with various synthesis temperatures from 40-120°C, and synthesis temperature had effects on the magnetic and adsorption properties of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2 O4. The saturation magnetization values increased from 22.6 to 90.8 emu g-1 with synthesis temperature increasing. Moreover, synthesis temperature also influences the adsorption capacity of methyl orange (MO) on Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2 O4. The as-prepared Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2 O4 showed the highest adsorption capacity of MO in the current work when synthesis temperature was 80°C, which was contributed to the more adsorption site distributed on the nanoparticle.
Main Constraints and Solutions for Urban Sewage Reclamation
Authors: Si Wei Bin , Lv Yong Tao , Liu Xiao Jun
Published: October 2011

Urban sewage recycling is one of the effective ways to improve ecological environment and to alleviate water supply and demand contradiction in urban areas. This paper analyzes the utilization condition and main constraints of recycling water in China, and believes that too many quality standards for recycling water lead to complex pipe network, and another main factor restraining sewage reclamation is the shortage of buffer storage link of recycling water. The author suggests incorporating the types and standards of recycling water to simplify pipe network, decentralize the reuse and use landscape water surface as a solution for buffer storage, and combining the four feasible recycling water modes being brought forward in the practices in China.
Environmental Safety Analysis for Slope under the Situation with and without Load on Top Surface
Authors: Chen Ke Ping , Liu Jin Yuan , Yuan Bing Xiang
Published: October 2011

In order to study the effect of dilation angle ψ to the stability of slope, a numerical model was founded in plane strain mode by FLAC3D for homogeneous soil slope. The safety factors and slip planes were obtained for different dilation angles, and the relationships of dilation angle, safety factor and slip plane were analyzed for different situations with and without load on the top surface.
Kinetics of DeNOx Process by Ammonia Injection
Authors: Xiao Hai Ping , Yu Qin Jian , Huang Lei
Published: October 2011

In order to discover reaction mechanism between ammonia and NOx, reaction process of ammonia and NOx was simulated from the point of kinetics. As a result, NOx removal efficiency was kept in 47.23% ~98.89% at 800°C~1000°C. When NH3/NO was equal or less than 1.5, NOx removal efficiency was enhanced obviously with NH3/NO increasing. NH2 was produced as an important intermediate product in NH3 decomposition. Firstly NH2 was formed in reactions between NH3 and free radicals such as OH, H, O, M. Then NO was directly reduced to N2 by NH2.Therefore, free radicals (especially for NH2, O and H) have important influence on removal efficiency of NOx during ammonia injection.
Design of Functional Groups Modified into Adsorption Resins and Investigation of Mechanism for Adsorbing Gallic Acid in Water
Authors: Fei Zheng Hao , Shi Wei Zhong , Liu Zhong Tang , Chen Jian , Xing Rong , Gu Yun Lan , Zhang Gen Cheng
Published: October 2011

Functional groups modified into adsorption resins were designed based on semiempirical molecular orbital theory, and the newly adsorption resin (named FZH01 modified with phthalic anhydride) having both the lower LUMO level and the higher HOMO level was prepared. The static adsorption and static desorption characteristics for gallic acid in aqueous solution onto FZH01, NDA150 and GAC at the temperature range of 288~318K were studied with bottle point method to confirm the existence of chemisorption between adsorbate and adsorbents modified, which was interpreted by the approximate orbital energy level of several adsorbents and gallic acid calculated with the semiempirical molecular orbital method PM3. The result shows that chemical interaction will be in existence in the adsorption system of gallic acid in aqueous solutions with FZH01 as like that of GAC at the proper temperature. The adsorption capacities of gallic acid in aqueous solutions with the adsorption resins modified with 2-carboxylbenzoyl increase greatly and mechanism for adsorbing gallic acid in aqueous solution was investigated.
Removal of Various Contaminations from Drainage by Using Free Water Surface and Submerged Surface Flow Wetland Systems
Authors: Wang Jung Pin , Yang Hsi Chi , Hsieh Chien Te
Published: October 2011

This study demonstrates an efficient approach to remove various liquid-phase pollutants from wastewater by using constructed wetland (CW) systems. The plant used in this study was phragmites communis. Two types of CW systems, free water surface flow and submerged surface flow wetlands, are used to compare with their efficiencies for removing chemical oxygen demand (COD), Zn2+, true color, and NH3-N from the drainage. Experimental results confirmed that the CW treatment displays excellent capability for removing the pollutants, i.e., high removal efficiencies. This finding indicates that the growth of phragmites communis enables well-developed root network in CW system, thus leading to a higher adsorption capacity. The growth period of the root network in our case takes about 40 days, forming the bio-membrane. On the basis of the present work, the presence of bio-membrane on the plant root not only enhances but also stabilizes the efficiencies for removing various contaminations from the wastewater.
Research on the Influence Factors of the Biological Phosphorus Removal in Carrousel Oxidation Ditch Process
Authors: Guo Zhou Fang , Zhang Hua , Hu Jin , Huang Xiao Wu , Luo Yang
Published: October 2011

Abstract: The concentration of total phosphorus(P-tot) in effluent is an important indicator of the effect of wastewater treatment plant(WWTP), excessive discharge of phosphorus will result in the tender eutrophication of natural water and other ecological pollution problems. In this paper, Qilidian WWTP in Guilin for the study object, researched Carrousel oxidation ditch process of the plant DO, pH, nitrate, BOD5 and P-tot in influent, and P-tot in influent and in effluent of the final clarifier, systems analyzed the factors and reasons affecting phosphorus removal. The result of the research shows itself as follows: the dissolved oxygen (DO) in oxidation ditch anaerobic zone above 0.5mg/l and at the end of the aerobic zone up to 3.87mg/l are not suitable for phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) to release phosphorus; in the influent, B0D5/P-tot<20, carbon source used for PAOs in the sewage is insufficient; the concentration of P-tot in the effluent is higher than that in the influent, there occurs an obvious phenomenon of phosphorus release in the final clarifier. In addition, the pH in oxidation ditch ranges from 6.82 to7.19 and the concentration of nitrate in anaerobic zone below 0.2mg/l are suitable for the phosphorus removal process. This research provide technical support for the similar oxidation ditch process of upgrading and transformation,and have a higher value in engineering practice.
Prediction on Subcooled Liquid Vapor Pressures of PCDD/Fs
Authors: Qiao Shu , Xie Kun , Fu Chuan
Published: October 2011

A QSPR model is established for estimating subcooled liquid vapor pressures (log PL) of PCDD/Fs. Three-dimensional holographic vector of atomic interaction field (3D-HoVAIF) is used to describe the chemical structures. The predictivity and stability of the model is also tested by leave-one-out cross-validation. Moreover, the estimated values have been presented for those PCDD/Fs which are lack of experimentally data by the optimum model.
Bending Stiffness Analysis of Elastic Shafts with Three Types of Transverse Cracks
Authors: Cai Zhong Yi , Wu He Len , Zhao Xiao Li , Zhang Jian Ping
Published: October 2011

The breathing mechanism of a transverse crack in an elastic shaft has been extensively researched. Although many different crack models have been presented, little published research has explored experimentally how the shaft crack breathing mechanism interacts with the change of stiffness during each revolution. This study addressed static analysis of the stiffness of elastic shafts with experimentally-induced fatigue, welding or wire cut transverse cracks. Bending stiffness was measured from different angles under a three point bending fixture, to efficiently define the correct periodical stiffness variation for different crack types. The opening and closing of each crack (breathing effect) were investigated for their association with shaft stiffness. It was found that width of the crack opening gap is a crucial factor which influences the crack breathing behaviour. Experimental results are expected to assist with crack diagnosis.
Noise Propagation Calculation Service in Urban Traffic Strategic Noise Mapping
Authors: Li Nan , Tao Feng , Liu Bin
Published: October 2011

Excessive traffic noise is a major environmental complaint in residential areas. This paper investigates a SOA based hierarchical services structure for urban traffic strategic noise mapping. Service Oriented Computing Environment (SORCER) is employed to build a highly flexible distributed platform. As the key service in our structure, Noise Propagation Calculation Service and its technical detail will be introduced. The service implements functions of sound objects generation, attenuation terms calculation and line source segmentation. The Noise Propagation Calculation Service aims to generate good-quality calculation solutions in a reasonable time. At last, this paper introduces a real traffic noise mapping project to demonstrate the service and the architecture.
The DDT Residual Current Status and Variance Analysis of the Early and Late Rice in the Jiangxi Province
Authors: Li Rong Fang , Li Chang Yan , Hu Chun Hua , Liu Zhen Hua , Guo Chun Jing , Zhang Pei
Published: October 2011

Using the method of GC-ECD detect the residual DDT in the early and late rice from eleven cities of Jiangxi province. The results show that DDTs are detected both in the early and late rice. Residual DDT in early rice varies from 2.846μg/kg to 147.413μg/kg and the average level is 64.929μg/kg while to the late rice, residue is in the range of 26.900-163.920μg/kg and average level is 84.182μg/kg, the residual DDT in both of the two kinds of rice are under the limited value of national food hygiene standards. At the same time, there are big differences in different regions. The DDT’s coefficient of variation in early rice and late rice are 76.26% and 61.23% respectively. The industry makes a contribution to the different residual of DDT between early and late rice. Results also show that 60% of regions in Jiangxi province have new input of DDT，relevant departments should pay attention on it. Meanwhile, the new input of DDT in the early rice from Yingtan and late rice from Ji’an probably comes from atmospheric deposition or usage pesticides containing DDT.
Risk Evaluation for Shipwreck Environmental Pollution Based on AHP- Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Xing Hui , Duan Shu Lin , Yu Hong Liang , Liu Qin An
Published: October 2011

o prevent further environmental pollution hazards after the accident of vessel sinking, shipwreck environmental pollution risk evaluation model was established based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Based on systems engineering ideas, risk system consisted of shipwreck-cargo-shipwreck area-environment was established. Through statistical analysis of historical accidents and summary of expert experience, shipwreck risk evaluation indices system and the classification standards for indices were determined and the weight of each index was determined. The shipwreck environmental pollution risk evaluation model effectively improved our country’s shipwreck risk assessment mechanisms, and scientific management of shipwreck by maritime safety administration were achieved.
A New Treatment on Printing and Dyeing Waste Water
Authors: Jiang Yan , Wang Ye Hong , Jiang Li
Published: October 2011

An efficiency new cleaning treatment on printing and dyeing waste water was designed on the basis such as the iron-carbon original cell reaction, the redox reaction, as well as the magnetization synergy effect. Further experiments to prove all these principles and theories worked well were carried out. Meanwhile, some of the best groups of parameters were found. With this new treatment named as magnetized waste iron filter column treatment, the COD removal rate could be as high as 88% while the decolorization rate was 95%.
Cytotoxicity of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Authors: Li Na , Sui Hai Jun , Gao Dong Mei
Published: October 2011

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are used in antimicrobial preparations, heat transfer ﬂuids, semi-conductors or intrauterine contraceptive devices. Nanoparticles with unique magnetic, luminescent, and catalytic properties are being engineered for numerous biomedical applications, including imaging, diagnostics and therapy. However, potentially harmful interactions can occur between nanoparticles and living systems, including humans. The present study was aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of CuO NPs in human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549). A reduction in cell viability as a function of NP concentration for 24h was observed. CuO NPs were also found to induce oxidative stress in cells indicated by generation of H2O2. Our data demonstrates that CuO NPs even at low concentrations lead to cell membrane damage in human epidermal cells which may be mediated through lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, however, induced little effect to Mitochondria. Hence, caution should be taken in their widely use as well as while handling.
Biological Evaluation of Three Types of Inshore Pollution in Dalian City Using Ulva pertusa as Indicator
Authors: Hang Xiao Ming , Wang Tao , Zhang Meng , Sun Ye Qing
Published: October 2011

Lab-cultured Ulva pertusa were exposed to three selected types of contaminated areas (industry, mariculture and living) and one relatively clean area near Dalian seashore for 1, 3, 5 and 14 days. Relative growth rate, chlorophyll content and activities of two kinds of antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were measured and compared with their lab controls at different time points, respectively. No significant change was observed in either relative growth rate or chlorophyll content in 1-day exposed samples, while obvious decreases were observed in relative long-period (3, 7 and 14 days) exposed samples. Antioxidant defense enzymes activities were stimulated to increase after 1-day exposure and decrease after relative long-period exposure. Significant statistical decreases were found in the relative growth rate, chlorophyll content and antioxidant defense enzymes activities of samples from industry pollution area, which indicates a more serious pollution situation in industry area than the other two areas near Dalian seashore. Above results demonstrated the established method would be useful for biological evaluation of multiplex pollution in real situation.
Effects of GFP Transplastomic Tobacco on Soil Enzyme Activities
Authors: Guo Chang Hong , Liu Qing Guo , Lv Yue Ping
Published: October 2011

In this study, the GFP transplastomic tobacco (TG) and non-transgenetic (WT) were compared to study the effects of GFP transplastomic tobacco on soil enzyme activities. The activities of some soil enzymes (urease, cellulase, protease, and invertase) were determined at seeding stage, vegetative stage, flowering stage, and senescing stage. The results showed that there was no significant difference on the activities of urease, cellulase, protease, and invertase between GFP transplastomic tobacco and non-transgenetic at same growing stage. No matter transplastpmic tobacco or controls, the soil enzyme activities of the vegetative stage and flowering stage were higher than seeding stage and senescing stage. The results suggest that the effects of GFP transplastomic tobacco to major soil enzyme activities were not significant.
A Modified Ecological Footprint Model and its Application in Hydropower Project
Authors: He Cheng Long
Published: October 2011

As hydropower project construction and ecological support systems become more interdependent, new disciplines are needed to assess this ecological effect. An ecological footprint model of the hydropower project is presented based on the emergy theory (Em-EF). Modifications have been made to the Em-EF model, in response to its perceived shortcomings. The emergy of additional capacity of reservoir should be included in the renewable natural resources account. Further, the same emergy density should be used to calculate the ecological capacity supplied account and the ecological footprint occupied account. The aim of this paper is to show a modified ecological footprint calculation for the hydropower project. A large-scale (Ⅱ) hydropower project is selected as an example for the application. To demonstrate the mechanics of this modified method, we compared our calculations with the conventional one. The same conclusion is drawn using both methods: the ecological deficit of the hydropower project will occur before the design equilibrium year. But, the needed time to offset the ecological deficit is different. The modified model gives an even rational result than the conventional one.
Study on Chromosome Aberrations of Crosses Between 3E Disomic Addition Line and 2C Addition Line
Authors: Guo Chang Hong , Yang Lei , Liu Chun Ying
Published: October 2011

Thinopyrum elongatum, a wild relative of wheat, can be used as an excellent source of disease and abiotic stresses resistance and carries several useful traits, which have been transferred into wheat by interspecific hybridization. The most effective method of transferring the profitable genes of Th. elongatum into wheat is to induce chromosome recombination by the gametocidal system. In this study, cross, backcross and selfcross were performed between Chinese Spring-Th. elongatum 3E disomic addition line and Chinese Spring-Ae. cylindrica gametocidal chromosome 2C disomic addition line, and the gametocidal chromosome would induce chromosome breakages and aberrations. The chromosome counts of somatic cell and the observation of PMCs metaphase were performed in F2, BC1F1 and F1, F2 plants, respectively, the results showed that the gametocidal chromosome was functioning during the formation of gametes. The gametocidal chromosome 2C induced segregation for spike type in F2 and BC1F1 plants. Thus, the gametocidal chromosome 2C was demonstrated to be effective on transferring Th. elongatum 3E chromosome into wheat.
A Comparison of Parameter Estimation for Distributed Hydrological Modelling Using Automatic and Manual Methods
Authors: Li Xiang Hu , Zhang Qi , Shao Min , Li Yun Liang
Published: October 2011

Distributed hydrological models have become the main tool to study the hydrology natural law and solve the hydrology practice question. However, the definition of model parameter values limits their application. Manual calibration is time consuming and often tedious, and the automatic calibration method could be an innovative way of improving the traditional model fitting procedure. PEST is designed for easy linkage with other models and has been applied to many distributed hydrological model. Therefore, the PEST model is selected in this paper to link with the WATLAC model and calibrate the parameters, and compare the calibration results with manual results. The results show that the difference of two group parameter values is obvious. The PEST model can easily drive the WATLAC model and gain the optimal parameter values efficiently. The WATLAC model produces an overall good fit, the Ens values, except in 2001, are more than 0.83 and with an average of 0.93. But the relative runoff depth errors are larger slightly than manual results. The simulated stream flow hydrographs with PEST demonstrated a closer agreement with the observed hydrographs, while, the model simulation using manual calibration method behaved not very well and there was a tendency for the model to enlarge the peak flows.
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method on Water Environmental Quality Based on Entropy Weight with Consideration of Toxicology of Evaluation Factors
Authors: Yang Jun Yao , Zhang Lei Lei
Published: October 2011

There are lots of methods of evaluating the environmental quality of groundwater. Based on a comprehensive analysis of those common methods, this paper puts forward a method named fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method on water environmental quality based on entropy weight with consideration of toxicology of evaluation factors. Developed from the entropy-based fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, this method takes into account the influences caused by the toxicology weight and over standard weight of evaluation factors on the calculation of entropy weight. Through some water samples, the evaluation result of this method is more reasonable, objective and comprehensive than the one which is concluded from the entropy-based fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.
Influence Analysis of Flow-Sediment Processes on River Health
Authors: Sun Xue Lan , Hu Chun Hong , Xie Jing Qi
Published: October 2011

The paper analyses the affecting factors of river health points that river channel health is the key and foundation of river health. It proposes the index system for the Lower Yellow River's channel health and sets the appropriate evaluation criteria and indicator weight. It evaluates the Lower Yellow River's channel health using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and gets the conclusion that the Lower Yellow River's channel health has deteriorated in 50 years and has not improved until the beginning of this century. Finally, the paper points that river health is closely related to flow-sediment processes and the coordination of flow-sediment relationship is the key to maintaining the health of the Lower Yellow River.
Isolation of ACC Deaminase-Containing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria from Porrum Rhizasphere Soil
Authors: Guo Chang Hong , Shi Xu Han , Liu Jia Li
Published: October 2011

A bacterial strain 3-1 which could use ACC as the sole nitrogen sources was isolated from Chinese chives rhizosphere soil. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescent, according to the results of morphology, physiology and the phylogenetical analyses of 16S rDNA sequence. The ACC deaminase activity of Pseudomonas fluorescent 3-1 strain had high level of ACC deaminase activity, 2.63±0.12 µmol α-KA • (mg Pr •h)-1 . The procedure described here was relatively straight forward to isolate and characterize new PGPR strains. This bacterium may be used to facilitate the growth of Porrum.
Discussion in Planting of Highway’s Central Segregation Area in Jiangxi, China
Authors: Long Chun Ying
Published: October 2011

Consideding the current status of the planting of highway’s central segregation area，the article gives suggestions to the design requirements and configuration pattern and Development．
Effects of Slope Aspect on Soil Chemical and Microbial Properties during Natural Recovery on Abandoned Cropland in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Chao , Xue Sha , Liu Guo Bin , Zhang Chang Sheng
Published: October 2011

Abandoning cropland to enable recovery of the natural vegetation has been implemented during the past decade to restore the soil quality in the Loess Plateau, China. However, natural succession on cropland in the different slope aspect is different. The present study aimed at investigating the change in soil chemical and microbial properties abandoned farmland across time, and also to compare the difference of soil chemical and microbial properties in north slope and south slope on the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the slope aspect greatly affected the soil chemical and microbial properties after the cropland was abandoned, this could be attributed to the different precipitation and temperature in the two slopes. Compared with the north slope in which the organic C, total N and available N increased with the increase of abandonment years, that of south slope fluctuated significantly. Microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N in both slopes did not differ significantly in the first 10 years abandoned cropland, then decreased drastically in 15-year sites and thereafter tended to increase. Basal respiration in both slope fluctuated greatly in the sites with different abandonment years. Enzymes activities differed significantly in two slopes.
Isolation of ACC Deaminase-Containing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria from Petroleum Contaminated Soil
Authors: Guo Chang Hong , Fang Fang , Liu Jia Li
Published: October 2011

Petroleum is the most important energy for economic development in China and other countries. But in the process of mining, storage and producing, it has caused many aspects of pollution. In this study, a bacterial strain A-3 which could use ACC as the sole nitrogen sources was isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil. The strain was identified as Achromobacter, according to the results of morphology, physiology and the phylogenetical analyses of 16S rDNA sequence. Strain Achromobacter A-3 could produce ACC deaminase, and could be used for remediation of petroleum-contaminated areas in future.
Soil Nutrient and Soil Enzyme Activity of the Slopes with Different Ecological Protection Technologies
Authors: Zhao Zi Chao , Xu Wen Nian , Xia Dong
Published: October 2011

Taking four types of slopes as test objects this paper measured their, soil nutrient and soil enzyme activity. The results showed that variation of soil nutrients in different slopes is obvious; soil enzyme activity is also a significant difference between different slopes. The soil of A slope (natural secondary forest ) was the highest in activity of urease, invertase, neutral phosphatase and catalase, the lowest in D(wasteland)slope except catalase. There were extremely significant positive correlations among soil urease activity, invertase activity and neutral phosphatase activity. Significant positive correlations were observed between soil urease activity, invertase activity, neutral phosphates activity and organic matter, available N, total N. It suggested that enzymatic activity could be used to indicate and estimate soil fertility of artificial remediation slopes. Combined with and community structure and community characteristics of vegetation on the sanmpled slops, soil enzyme activities could be used to measure the degree of vegetation restoration in the disturbed area.
Hydraulic Characteristics of a Pilot-Scale Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland
Authors: Zheng Lei , Ding Ai Zhong , Kong De Chuan , Cheng Li Rong
Published: October 2011

The hydraulic characteristics of constructed wetland are vital to its performance for pollutant removal. Hydraulic characteristics of a pilot scale vertical flow constructed wetland were studied by tracer experiments with the method of moments (MoM) analyzing. From the residence-time distribution (RTD) of tracer during the experiment, the mean detention time, average water velocity and dispersion coefficients were obtained for the constructed wetland. The results showed that the mean residence time was approximately 15% shorter than nominal residence time indicating 85% of total available pore volume was active in pollutant removal processes. The two peaks observed on the RTD curves suggested short-circuiting flows or dead zones exist in the constructed wetland. The relatively large Peclet number of 11.8 suggested that dispersive processes dominated in the tracer movement. Comparison of tracer profiles at different sampling locations indicated that large amount of tracer transported through the upper portion of the constructed wetland.
Effects of Water and Soil Conservation Practices on Reducing Pollution from Agricultural Nonpoint Source in Northeast China
Authors: Yang Yu Hong , Yan Bai Xing , Zhu Hui , Wang Li Xia
Published: October 2011

Soil and water loss from sloped farmland is a mainly environmental and agricultural issue worldwide. Many management practices have been selected and are effective to reduce sediment and associated nutrient losses. Fallout 210Pbex tracer technique was used to quantity the soil erosion in terrace cultivation and contour farming field. The soil erosion rate from up-and-down slope field was estimated by RUSLE2 model. The sediment yields from contouring and terraces were reduced 63% and 95%, respectively, by comparison with up-and-down tillage. Terraces could reduce soil erosion 74% and intercept runoff 45% than contouring tillage. However, the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus with runoff from terraces were greater than those from contouring field. Transport loads of TP, DTP, and phosphate (PO43- -P) through water from terraces increased 4.54, 1.34, and 2.53 times than those from contouring tillage, respectively. It is concluded that no single mitigation option can reduce all pollutants. Terrace can achieve pollutants reduction target in tandem with other soil and water conservations.
Research on Anti-Erosion Properties of Pebbly Clay Slope in Airport
Authors: Zhang Chao , Wu Wei , Chen Rong Jun
Published: October 2011

This paper did simulated erosion experiment indoors to study influence of precipitation intensity, grass density, slope gradient, protection type on erosion modulus of pebbly clay slope in airport. The results show that anti-erosion of slope is better and influence of slope on erosion modulus is smaller as grass density is higher. Compared with protecting slope only with grass, erosion modulus decreases about 60%~80% when slope is protected with geosynthetics. Geocell is slightly better than the geogrid.
Experimental Study on Co-Pyrolysis of Oil Sludge and Coal
Authors: Li Xiao Yu , Yang Xiao Xi , Cheng Gang , Feng Hong Qing , Liu Xiao Jie , Ma Yu Feng
Published: October 2011

The pyrolysis characteristics of oil sludge and coal mixed fuel in an argon atmosphere were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer. Factors that affect the pyrolysis process were analyzed. The pyrolysis mechanism equation of the oil sludge and coal fuel was determined. Hereafter, the dynamic properties were provided, namely the activation energy and frequency factor. In this paper, pyrolysis of the mixture occurs in six distinct steps, each accompanied by its unique reactionary mechanics. The activation energy at each step increased with respect to temperature (presenting an initial increase and subsequent decrease). as the rate of temperature increase was amplified, each respective step has its activation energy slightly reduced. Moreover, the mixture shows the influence of non-linear relationships during pyrolysis.
Adsorption of Phenol on Natural Sediment from Liaohe River, China
Authors: Zhang Ying , Xu Jian , Zhang Yuan , Li Lei , Zhang Jiang Ying
Published: October 2011

In this study, the adsorption behavior of phenol onto natural sediments from Liaohe River was studied. The effect of pH, temperature, ionic strength, and surfactants on the adsorption process was also investigated. Results showed that it took 48 h for the phenol to achieve adsorption equilibrium on sediment. Kinetic analysis indicated that the process fit well with the intraparticle diffusion model. The phenol adsorption process was pH dependent with the maximum adsorption at pH 4.58. With respect to the Freundlich and Langmuir models, the DR isotherm can describe the adsorption process better. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that phenol adsorption was physisorption. The coexistent salt and surfactants at relatively higher concentrations inhibited the phenol adsorption on Liaohe River sediment.
Long-Term Effects of Crop Residual and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Soil Organic Matter for a Winter Wheat-Maize System in North China Plain
Authors: Yang Zhi Chen , Zhou Lian Di , Lv Yi Zhong , Li Hong
Published: October 2011

Long-term effects of inorganic and corn stalks organic nutrient sources on yield, soil organic carbon(SOC) and the relationship between crop yield and SOC were investigated in Dry-Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, Hebei Province, China from 1981 to 2005. Hengshui is a part the North China Plain and the dominant cropping systems are Winter wheat-maize rotations. Recently the use of organic manure with grain crops has almost disappeared. This could reduce soil fertility and crop productivity in the long run. There were sixteen treatments applied to both wheat and maize seasons: Inorganic fertilizers as main plots and corn stalks as subplots and the main plot and subplot all have four levels expressed A and B respectively. So there are sixteen treatments with three replicates were set (A1,A2,A3,A4)*(B1,B2,B3,B4). After more than 20 years crop yield and SOC decreased in treatment of without fertilizers and only applicate corn stalks just sustain it. Combine application of inorganic fertilizers and corn stalks increase SOC and crop yield very strongly. For crop yield the more fertlizers the more increase. But the SOC will decrease as the more inorganiac fertlizer application and increase with the increase of corn stalks.
Spectral Characteristics in the Degradation Process of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter from Large Filamentous Algae Sources in Saltwater Lake
Authors: Zou Li Min , Li Jian Hua , Jiang De Gang , Wang Yu Lai
Published: October 2011

The indoor experimental study was on a large common species of filamentous green algae in the North Lake beach of Chongming Island - bristles algae liquid produced by algae growth during the photodegradation of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) spectral characteristics change. Absorption coefficient a (355) in the degradation experiment was reduced 27.44% , however , in the control experiment , a (355) was only 1.61% lower. In the photodegradation process of degradation experiments and control experiments, the values of M and S were increased to the different extent and the increased value of the former was higher than the latter. By using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMS), the detected peak value of protein-and humic fluorescence in control experiments was little changed, while significantly increased in the degradation experiments. By the analysis of parallel factor model (PARAFAC) combined with three-dimensional fluorescence excitation - emission matrix data (EEMS), the three-component CDOM: C1, C2, C3, respectively were relative to humic fluorescence peaks A, C, and protein-like fluorescence B. In the degradation experiments, small changes were in the components of C1, however the components of C2, C3 compared with those in the control group were increased by nearly 2 times. All results showed that the photodegradation process of bristles algae liquid can cause changes of the CDOM in the structure and content, easier to produce small molecules and weak aromatic CDOM.
Fast Degradation of Chlorpyrifos in Soil by Strain Cupriavidus taiwanensis X1 Labeled with LuxAB
Authors: Zhu Bei Bei , Wang Dao Sheng , Cao Yuan Yuan , Tang Xin Yun , Hua Ri Mao , Shi Tao Zhong
Published: October 2011

For researching ecological behaviors of Cupriavidus taiwanensis X1 which has strong hydrolysis activity on chlorpyrifos(CP), reporter gene luxAB was successfully introduced into cells by electroporation. The labeled strain X1-lux with genetic stability and fluorescence was obtained. Both of strain X1 and X1-lux could completely degrade 200 mg/l CP within 12h in minimal salt medium, and experimental results showed that introduction of luxAB did not affect strain X1 growth and degradation on CP. The cells of X1-lux and X1 were inoculated into soil with 500 mg/l CP, the cell concentration and CP residual was detected, and data revealed that strain X1 could absolutely removed CP in 12d and survive in soil. Strain X1 is a potential excellent choice for bioremediation of organophosphorus polluted environments.