bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contención física como método de control y castigo en centros residenciales de niños y niñas: análisis de su pertinencia y aplicación en Chile
Authors: Zeballos Silvana , Guzmán Gabriel
Published: September 2019

El Comité de los Derechos del Niño mediante el procedimiento permitido por el Protocolo Facultativo N°5, publicó un informe que planteó que el Estado de Chile ha violado sistemáticamente los derechos de los niños y niñas en centros residenciales. Una de las aristas de ello es la aplicación de contenciones físicas como método de control y castigo. Ello queda reflejado en las altas cifras de niños y niñas que han sido víctimas o testigos de su aplicación, así como por los testimonios de funcionarios. Un panel de expertos analizó la actual normativa al respecto del Servicio Nacional de Menores, servicio público a cargo de la provisión de los centros, problematizando la real necesidad de aplicación de este tipo de actuaciones así como su ámbito de uso y procedimiento.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 11, No. 17
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: September 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 11, No. 17, 2019.
Proposta de adequação da arquitetura do AVA Openredu para suporte a técnicas de análise quantitativa de dados educacionais
Authors: C. T. Vaz Juliano , A. Dourado Raphael , S. Gomes Alex , L. Rodrigues Rodrigo , J. D. D. Nogueira Tiago , E. Freire Sylvio
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho propõe uma adequação para o Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) Openredu para suportar técnicas de análise quantitativa de dados tais como Mineração de Dados Educacionais (MDE) e Learning Analytics (LA) a partir de um conjunto de requisitos de dados identificados em estudos anteriores. Os resultados obtidos foram (1) a remodelagem da arquitetura de dados da plataforma, que tem como objetivo possibilitar diversas aplicações com os dados armazenados, e sendo uma destas a visualização de dados associados, foi desenvolvido (2) um painel analítico.
Caracterização e Gerenciamento de Ecossistemas Digitais de Inovação Social
Authors: de Oliveira Vilanova Chueri Luciana , Pereira dos Santos Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

Estudos recentes na área de ecossistemas de inovação social expõem a necessidade de criação de soluções tecnológicas de suporte aos atores de inovação social para fomentar a colaboração, cocriação, compartilhamento de conhecimento e competências nestes ambientes. Este apoio visa facilitar a condução de projetos de inovação social, geração de inovações sociais mais efetivas e utilização de conhecimento existente. Esta pesquisa de doutorado propõe uma abordagem que explora conceitos relacionados a ecossistemas digitais visando construir uma solução de apoio a um Ecossistema Digital de Inovação Social no qual atores de inovação social interagem e colaboram com apoio de uma plataforma tecnológica.
Disparities in Vocational Supports for Black Young Adults with Mental Health Conditions
Authors: Delman Jonathan
Published: September 2019

This research brief discusses the disparities in vocational rehabilitation (VR) services and supports that Black young adults with mental health conditions face when compared to their White peers. It touches on what the disparities this population faces in VR are, research on barriers and facilitators to employment for Black young adults, engagement and access to vocational services and areas for future study.
Location of the Deep Plantar Artery: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Whelan James H. , Lazoritz John P. , Kiser Caroline , Vardaxis Vassilios
Published: September 2019

Background

The deep plantar (D-PL) artery originates from the dorsalis pedis artery in the proximal first intermetatarsal space, an area where many procedures are performed to address deformity, traumatic injury, and infection. The potential risk of injury to the D-PL artery is concerning. The D-PL artery provides vascular contribution to the base of the first metatarsal and forms the D-PL arterial arch with the lateral plantar artery.

Methods

In an effort to improve our understanding of the positional relationship of the D-PL artery to the first metatarsal, dissections were performed on 43 embalmed cadaver feet to measure the location of the D-PL artery with respect to the base of the first metatarsal. Digital images of the dissected specimens were acquired and saved for measurement using in-house software. Means, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for all of the measurement parameters.

Results

We found that the origin of the D-PL artery was located at a mean ± SD of 11.5 ± 3.9 mm (95% CI, 4.5–24.7 mm) distal to the first metatarsal base and 18.6% ± 6.5% (95% CI, 8.1%–43.4%) of length in reference to the proximal base. The average interrater reliability across all of the measurements was 0.945.

Conclusions

This study helps clarify the anatomical location of the D-PL artery by providing parameters to aid the surgeon when performing procedures in the proximal first intermetatarsal space. Care must be taken when performing procedures in the region to avoid unintended vascular injury to the D-PL artery.
Checking in with the KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access
Authors: Verbeke Demmy , Mesotten Laura
Published: September 2019

KU Leuven has been supporting Green OA through its institutional repository Lirias for many years already. As it is clear, however, that Green OA provides only part of the solution for the crisis in scholarly communication, the university was looking to intensify its efforts to maximize exchange, collaboration and innovation thanks to the dissemination of scholarly results. This led to the establishment of the KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access in March 2018. This fund initially provided financial support for the production costs of OA monographs published by Leuven University Press as well as for the production costs of articles published in OA journals, on the condition that these journals are published according to the Fair OA model and maintain the highest academic standards. As of 2019, the scope of the fund was broadened to include financial support to non-commercial publishing initiatives and infrastructures in general.
This poster briefly presents the KU Leuven Fund for Fair OA and details which articles, books, initiatives and infrastructures are supported during the first two years of operation. It also discusses the future of the fund and how it ties in with the open scholarship roadmap within KU Leuven.
Hvor var det det butta, hvor er det blitt av alle gutta?
Authors: Bråten Ingvard , Borgen Jorunn Spord
Published: September 2019

I denne artikkelen søker vi svar på hvilke kjønns- og likestillingsrelaterte utfordringer kunst og håndverk står overfor i dag. Vi ser på faget, lærerne og elevene som historiske aktører, som på ulike måter kan bidra til å vedlikeholde eller endre kjente historiske trekk ved faget. Dette gjør vi i lys av sosiologen Pierre Bourdieu, som påpeker at skolen som samfunnsinstitusjon gjerne reproduserer historiske oppfatninger og inndelinger i samfunnet. Ved hjelp av den didaktiske trekant som analyseverktøy undersøker vi hvordan læreplaner, institusjonelle praksiser og debatter har preget faget fram mot i dag. Gjennom artikkelen reiser vi en del spørsmål og peker på kunnskapsbehov i faget.
The sugarcane mitochondrial genome: assembly, phylogenetics and transcriptomics
Authors: Lloyd Evans Dyfed , Hlongwane Thandekile Thandiwe , Joshi Shailesh V. , Riaño Pachón Diego M.
Published: September 2019

Background

Chloroplast genomes provide insufficient phylogenetic information to distinguish between closely related sugarcane cultivars, due to the recent origin of many cultivars and the conserved sequence of the chloroplast. In comparison, the mitochondrial genome of plants is much larger and more plastic and could contain increased phylogenetic signals. We assembled a consensus reference mitochondrion with Illumina TruSeq synthetic long reads and Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION long reads. Based on this assembly we also analyzed the mitochondrial transcriptomes of sugarcane and sorghum and improved the annotation of the sugarcane mitochondrion as compared with other species.

Methods

Mitochondrial genomes were assembled from genomic read pools using a bait and assemble methodology. The mitogenome was exhaustively annotated using BLAST and transcript datasets were mapped with HISAT2 prior to analysis with the Integrated Genome Viewer.

Results

The sugarcane mitochondrion is comprised of two independent chromosomes, for which there is no evidence of recombination. Based on the reference assembly from the sugarcane cultivar SP80-3280 the mitogenomes of four additional cultivars (R570, LCP85-384, RB72343 and SP70-1143) were assembled (with the SP70-1143 assembly utilizing both genomic and transcriptomic data). We demonstrate that the sugarcane plastome is completely transcribed and we assembled the chloroplast genome of SP80-3280 using transcriptomic data only. Phylogenomic analysis using mitogenomes allow closely related sugarcane cultivars to be distinguished and supports the discrimination between Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum cultum as modern sugarcane’s female parent. From whole chloroplast comparisons, we demonstrate that modern sugarcane arose from a limited number of Saccharum cultum female founders. Transcriptomic and spliceosomal analyses reveal that the two chromosomes of the sugarcane mitochondrion are combined at the transcript level and that splice sites occur more frequently within gene coding regions than without. We reveal one confirmed and one potential cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) factor in the sugarcane mitochondrion, both of which are transcribed.

Conclusion

Transcript processing in the sugarcane mitochondrion is highly complex with diverse splice events, the majority of which span the two chromosomes. PolyA baited transcripts are consistent with the use of polyadenylation for transcript degradation. For the first time we annotate two CMS factors within the sugarcane mitochondrion and demonstrate that sugarcane possesses all the molecular machinery required for CMS and rescue. A mechanism of cross-chromosomal splicing based on guide RNAs is proposed. We also demonstrate that mitogenomes can be used to perform phylogenomic studies on sugarcane cultivars.
In situ growth and bioerosion rates ofLophelia pertusain a Norwegian fjord and open shelf cold-water coral habitat
Authors: Büscher Janina V. , Wisshak Max , Form Armin U. , Titschack Jürgen , Nachtigall Kerstin , Riebesell Ulf
Published: September 2019

Coral reef resilience depends on the balance between carbonate precipitation, leading to reef growth, and carbonate degradation, for example, through bioerosion. Changes in environmental conditions are likely to affect the two processes differently, thereby shifting the balance between reef growth and degradation. In cold-water corals estimates of accretion-erosion processes in their natural habitat are scarce and solely live coral growth rates were studied with regard to future environmental changes in the laboratory so far, limiting our ability to assess the potential of cold-water coral reef ecosystems to cope with environmental changes. In the present study, growth rates of the two predominant colour morphotypes of liveLophelia pertusaas well as bioerosion rates of dead coral framework were assessed in different environmental settings in Norwegian cold-water coral reefs in a 1-year in situ experiment. Net growth (in weight gain and linear extension) of liveL. pertusawas in the lower range of previous estimates and did not significantly differ between inshore (fjord) and offshore (open shelf) habitats. However, slightly higher net growth rates were obtained inshore. Bioerosion rates were significantly higher on-reef in the fjord compared to off-reef deployments in- and offshore. Besides, on-reef coral fragments yielded a broader range of individual growth and bioerosion rates, indicating higher turnover in live reef structures than off-reef with regard to accretion–bioerosion processes. Moreover, if the higher variation in growth rates represents a greater variance in (genetic) adaptations to natural environmental variability in the fjord, inshore reefs could possibly benefit under future ocean change compared to offshore reefs. Although not significantly different due to high variances between replicates, growth rates of orange branches were consistently higher at all sites, while mortality was statistically significantly lower, potentially indicating higher stress-resistance than the less pigmented white phenotype. Comparing the here measured rates of net accretion of live corals (regardless of colour morphotype) with net erosion of dead coral framework gives a first estimate of the dimensions of both processes in natural cold-water coral habitats, indicating that calcium carbonate loss through bioerosion amounts to one fifth to one sixth of the production rates by coral calcification (disregarding accretion processes of other organisms and proportion of live and dead coral framework in a reef). With regard to likely accelerating bioerosion and diminishing growth rates of corals under ocean acidification, the balance of reef accretion and degradation may be shifted towards higher biogenic dissolution in the future.
Effiziente Produktion? Nicht ohne industrielles Wassermanagement
Authors: Track Thomas
Published: September 2019

No abstract.
Extracellular ADP augments microglial inflammasome and NF‐κB activation via the P2Y12 receptor
Authors: Suzuki Tomonori , Kohyama Kuniko , Moriyama Kengo , Ozaki Mariko , Hasegawa Setsuko , Ueno Taro , Saitoe Minoru , Morio Tomohiro , Hayashi Masaharu , Sakuma Hiroshi
Published: September 2019

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a molecular complex that translates signals from pathogens and tissue damage into inflammatory responses, and plays crucial roles in numerous neurological diseases. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to caspase‐1 dependent cleavage of pro‐IL‐1β to form mature IL‐1β. By acting on the P2X7 purinergic receptor, extracellular ATP is one of the major stimuli that activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. Although microglia express multiple purinergic receptors, their roles in inflammasome‐mediated inflammation are largely unknown. We studied the role of the P2Y12 receptor, a metabotropic P2Y receptor enriched in microglia, on inflammation in vitro. Inhibition of the microglial P2Y12 receptor by PSB0739 or siRNA knockdown suppressed IL‐1β release. P2Y12 receptor‐deficient microglia displayed markedly attenuated IL‐1β mRNA expression and release. P2Y12 receptor blockade also suppressed IL‐6 production. Both IL‐1β and IL‐6 responses were augmented by extracellular ADP or ADP‐βS and were abrogated by PSB0739. Mechanistically, ADP‐βS potentiated NF‐κB activation. In addition, ADP altered mitochondrial membrane potential in combination with ATP and increased the number of caspase‐1 positive cells through the P2Y12 receptor. These results elucidate a novel inflammatory mechanism by which extracellular ADP acts on the P2Y12 receptor to activate NF‐κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome to enhance microglial inflammation.
Liver Glycogen Phosphorylase Deficiency Leads to Profibrogenic Phenotype in a Murine Model of Glycogen Storage Disease Type VI
Authors: Wilson Lane H. , Cho Jun‐Ho , Estrella Ana , Smyth Joan A. , Wu Rong , Chengsupanimit Tayoot , Brown Laurie M. , Weinstein David A. , Lee Young Mok
Published: September 2019

Mutations in the liver glycogen phosphorylase (Pygl) gene are associated with the diagnosis of glycogen storage disease type VI (GSD‐VI). To understand the pathogenesis of GSD‐VI, we generated a mouse model with Pygl deficiency (Pygl
−/−). Pygl
−/− mice exhibit hepatomegaly, excessive hepatic glycogen accumulation, and low hepatic free glucose along with lower fasting blood glucose levels and elevated blood ketone bodies. Hepatic glycogen accumulation in Pygl
−/− mice increases with age. Masson's trichrome and picrosirius red staining revealed minimal to mild collagen deposition in periportal, subcapsular, and/or perisinusoidal areas in the livers of old Pygl
−/− mice (>40 weeks). Consistently, immunohistochemical analysis showed the number of cells positive for alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), a marker of activated hepatic stellate cells, was increased in the livers of old Pygl
−/− mice compared with those of age‐matched wild‐type (WT) mice. Furthermore, old Pygl
−/− mice had inflammatory infiltrates associated with hepatic vessels in their livers along with up‐regulated hepatic messenger RNA levels of C‐C chemokine ligand 5 (Ccl5/Rantes) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (Mcp‐1), indicating inflammation, while age‐matched WT mice did not. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were elevated in old Pygl
−/− mice, indicating liver damage. Conclusion: Pygl deficiency results in progressive accumulation of hepatic glycogen with age and liver damage, inflammation, and collagen deposition, which can increase the risk of liver fibrosis. Collectively, the Pygl‐deficient mouse recapitulates clinical features in patients with GSD‐VI and provides a model to elucidate the mechanisms underlying hepatic complications associated with defective glycogen metabolism.
Serum testosterone/cortisol ratio in people with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Mohammadi Hiwa , Rezaei Mohammad , Sharafkhaneh Amir , Khazaie Habibolah , Ghadami Mohammad Rasoul
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major health problem that has been associated with endocrine dysfunction in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axes. This study investigated cortisol, testosterone, and the testosterone/cortisol ratio in patients with OSA compared to normal sleepers.

Methods

Thirty‐nine OSA patients diagnosed by overnight polysomnography (PSG) were divided into three groups, including ten mild OSA patients, 16 patients with moderate OSA, and 13 patients with severe OSA according to the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI). In addition, 13 normal sleepers with normal PSG findings were recruited as the control group. Serum levels of cortisol, testosterone, and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

There were no significant differences between the normal sleepers and the three subtypes of OSA in terms of total and free testosterone levels (P > .1). The results showed significantly higher levels of cortisol in the severe OSA group compared to the normal sleepers and the two other subtypes of OSA (P < .01). In addition, the testosterone/cortisol (T/C) ratio was significantly lower among the severe OSA compared to the moderate OSA patients (P = .01). A significant correlation was observed between minimal SpO2 and AHI (r=−0.69, P < .01), cortisol and AHI (r = .47, P < .01) and cortisol and minimal SpO2 (r = −.26, P = .06).

Conclusion

According to the findings, OSA is linked to HPA axis activity in severe OSA patients but not among the mild and moderate subtypes of the disorder.
Self‐Assembled Polymeric Membranes and Nanoassemblies on Surfaces: Preparation, Characterization, and Current Applications
Authors: Chimisso Vittoria , Maffeis Viviana , Hürlimann Dimitri , Palivan Cornelia G. , Meier Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

Biomembranes play a crucial role in a multitude of biological processes, where high selectivity and efficiency are key points in the reaction course. The outstanding performance of biological membranes is based on the coupling between the membrane and biomolecules, such as membrane proteins. Polymer‐based membranes and assemblies represent a great alternative to lipid ones, as their presence not only dramatically increases the mechanical stability of such systems, but also opens the scope to a broad range of chemical functionalities, which can be fine‐tuned to selectively combine with a specific biomolecule. Tethering the membranes or nanoassemblies on a solid support opens the way to a class of functional surfaces finding application as sensors, biocomputing systems, molecular recognition, and filtration membranes. Herein, the design, physical assembly, and biomolecule attachment/insertion on/within solid‐supported polymeric membranes and nanoassemblies are presented in detail with relevant examples. Furthermore, the models and applications for these materials are highlighted with the recent advances in each field.
Energetic N‐nitrooxyethylimidazolium Salts: Synthesis, Structures and Properties
Authors: Yang Haijun , Su Ke , Liu Cailin , Ren Xianyan
Published: September 2019

Energetic salts 2 and 4 a‐f, comprising an energetic 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐(2‐nitrooxyethyl)imidazolium cation and energetic anions such as nitrate, 3,5‐dinitro‐1,2,4‐triazolate, picrate, 3‐nitro‐5‐oxo‐1,2,4‐triazolate, dinitromethanide, dinitramide and 5‐nitrotetrazolate, were easily synthesized via quaternization, nitration and metathesis. The salts were fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or elemental analysis. The structure of picrate 4 b was also studied via single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The thermal properties of 2 and 4 a‐f were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA). DSC data show that 3, 5‐dinitro‐1, 2, 4‐triazolate 4 a, dinitromethanide 4 d, dinitramide 4 e and 5‐nitrotetrazolate 4 f are typical ionic liquids with a glass transition temperature of −58 °C to −22 °C and a melting point below 100 °C. TGA indicates that 2, 4 a‐c and 4 f have a good thermal stability and a decomposition temperature above 155 °C. Besides, the energetic properties of salts 2 and 4 a‐f were calculated. The detonation velocities of the salts are 6.62–7.42 km/s, approaching those of TNT.
A Metal‐free Approach for the Synthesis of Privileged 4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐one Derivatives over a Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Mathavan Sivagami , Durai Raj Ajith Kumar , Yamajala Rajesh B. R. D.
Published: September 2019

The use of sustainable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst system TsOH‐SiO2 shows unprecedented catalytic efficiency in the synthesis of biologically active 4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives from 2‐aminopyridine and β‐oxo esters. The protocol provides advantages such as faster reactivity, high catalytic activities without any additives, high yields, no toxic/corrosive byproducts, broad substrate scope, reusability of the catalyst under solvent‐free conditions and scalable to gram scale, thus having economical and ecological advantages.
Self‐Assemble and In‐Situ Formation of Laponite RDS‐Decorated d‐Ti3C2Tx Hybrids for Application in Lithium‐ion Battery
Authors: He Yan , Zhou Aiguo , Liu Darong , Hu Qianku , Liu Xuqing , Wang Libo
Published: September 2019

Two‐dimensional transition metal carbide materials called MXenes show potential application for energy storage. However, the lower capacity of MXene anodes limits their further application in lithium‐ion batteries. d‐Ti3C2Tx with less layered structure by intercalation and delamination of acoustic degradation method in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). This fabricated fewer sheets samples not only improve the electrical conductibility, specific area, but also reduce the ion diffusion resistance. Here we reported the facile synthesis of new laponite/d‐Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites by the edge positive RDS nanosheets were assembled on negative MXene nanosheets through electrostatic interaction. Structure of laponite RDS/d‐Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characterization results show that the RDS nanosheets were intimately assembled on the d‐Ti3C2Tx nanosheets. The electrochemical properties of the developed nanocomposite as anode materials of lithium‐ion batteries were characterized. Electrochemical tests indicate that the charge‐discharge result of laponite RDS/d‐Ti3C2Tx can deliver an initial specific discharge capacity of 458 mAh⋅g−1 under a current density of 50 mA⋅g−1. And a reversible discharge capacity of 160 mAh⋅g−1 at a current density of 1000 mA⋅g−1, which was significantly higher than that of pure Ti3C2Tx, laponite RDS. The exceptional electrochemical performance of laponite/d‐Ti3C2Tx electrode could be attributed to the improvement of electronic conductivity by d‐Ti3C2Tx and laponite in the laponite/d‐Ti3C2Tx composite.
Hierarchically Nanostructured Hybrid Platform for Tumor Delineation and Image‐Guided Surgery via NIR‐II Fluorescence and PET Bimodal Imaging
Authors: Zhang Qing , Zhou Huijun , Chen Hao , Zhang Xiao , He Shuqing , Ma Lina , Qu Chunrong , Fang Wei , Han Yanjiang , Wang Da , Huang Yuanjian , Sun Yueming , Fan Quli , Chen Yue , Cheng Zhen
Published: September 2019

Bimodal imaging with fluorescence in the second near infrared window (NIR‐II) and positron emission tomography (PET) has important significance for tumor diagnosis and management because of complementary advantages. It remains challenging to develop NIR‐II/PET bimodal probes with high fluorescent brightness. Herein, bioinspired nanomaterials (melanin dot, mesoporous silica nanoparticle, and supported lipid bilayer), NIR‐II dye CH‐4T, and PET radionuclide 64Cu are integrated into a hybrid NIR‐II/PET bimodal nanoprobe. The resultant nanoprobe exhibits attractive properties such as highly uniform tunable size, effective payload encapsulation, high stability, dispersibility, and biocompatibility. Interestingly, the incorporation of CH‐4T into the nanoparticle leads to 4.27‐fold fluorescence enhancement, resulting in brighter NIR‐II imaging for phantoms in vitro and in situ. Benefiting from the fluorescence enhancement, NIR‐II imaging with the nanoprobe is carried out to precisely delineate and resect tumors. Additionally, the nanoprobe is successfully applied in tumor PET imaging, showing the accumulation of the nanoprobe in a tumor with a clear contrast from 2 to 24 h postinjection. Overall, this hierarchically nanostructured platform is able to dramatically enhance fluorescent brightness of NIR‐II dye, detect tumors with NIR‐II/PET imaging, and guide intraoperative resection. The NIR‐II/PET bimodal nanoprobe has high potential for sensitive preoperative tumor diagnosis and precise intraoperative image‐guided surgery.
Family history of alcohol use disorder is associated with brain
structural and functional changes in healthy first-degree relatives
Authors: Filippi Irina , Hoertel Nicolas , Artiges Eric , Airagnes Guillaume , Guérin-Langlois Christophe , Seigneurie Anne-Sophie , Frère Pauline , Dubol Manon , Guillon François , Lemaître Hervé , Rahim Mehdi , Martinot Jean-Luc , Limosin Frédéric
Published: September 2019

Background:

Neuroimaging studies of vulnerability to Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)
have identified structural and functional variations which might reflect
inheritable features in alcohol-naïve relatives of AUD individuals (FH+)
compared to controls having no such family history (FH-). However, prior
research did not simultaneously account for childhood maltreatment, any
clinically significant disorder and maternal AUD. Therefore, we mainly
aimed to investigate the brain structure and reward-related neural
activations (fMRI), using whole-brain analysis in FH+ young adults with
no prevalent confounders.

Methods:

46 FH+ and 45 FH- male and female participants had no severe
childhood maltreatment exposure, neither any psychiatric disorder or
AUD, nor a prenatal exposure to maternal AUD. We used a 3 T MRI coupled
with a whole brain voxel-based method to compare between groups the grey
matter volumes and activations in response to big
versus small wins during a Monetary
Incentive Delay task. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire score was used
as confounding variable in the analyses to account for the remaining
variance between groups.

Results:

Compared to FH- controls, FH+ participants had smaller grey matter
volumes in the frontal and cingulate regions as well as in the bilateral
nucleus accumbens and right insula. The FH+ participants’ fMRI datasets
denoted a blunted activation in the middle cingulum with respect to FH-
controls’ during the processing of reward magnitude, and a greater
activation in the anterior cingulum in response to anticipation of a
small win.

Conclusions:

Family history of alcohol use disorder is linked to structural and
functional variations including brain regions involved in reward
processes.
Thirty-six years of legal and illegal wildlife trade entering the USA
Authors: Bager Olsen Maria Therese , Geldmann Jonas , Harfoot Mike , Tittensor Derek P. , Price Becky , Sinovas Pablo , Nowak Katarzyna , Sanders Nathan J. , Burgess Neil D.
Published: September 2019

The USA is the largest consumer of legally, internationally-traded wildlife. A proportion of this trade consists of species listed in the Appendices of CITES, and recorded in the CITES Trade Database. Using this resource, we quantified wildlife entering the USA for 82 of the most frequently recorded wildlife products and a range of taxonomic groups during 1979–2014. We examined trends in legal trade and seizures of illegally traded items over time, and relationships between trade and four national measures of biodiversity. We found that: (1) there is an overall positive relationship between legal imports and seizures; (2) Asia was the main region exporting CITES-listed wildlife products to the USA; (3) bears, crocodilians and other mammals (i.e. other than Ursidae, Felidae, Cetacea, Proboscidea, Primates or Rhinocerotidae) increased in both reported legal trade and seizures over time; (4) legal trade in live specimens was reported to be primarily from captive-produced, artificially-propagated or ranched sources, whereas traded meat was primarily wild sourced; (5) both seizures and legally traded items of felids and elephants decreased over time; and (6) volumes of both legally traded and seized species were correlated with four attributes of exporting countries: species endemism, species richness, number of IUCN threatened species, and country size. The goal of our analysis was to inform CITES decision-making and species conservation efforts.
Force of infection of Middle East respiratory syndrome in dromedary camels in Kenya
Authors: Gardner E. G. , Kiambi S. , Sitawa R. , Kelton D. , Kimutai J. , Poljak Z. , Tadesse Z. , Von Dobschuetz S. , Wiersma L. , Greer A. L.
Published: September 2019

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic disease transmitted from dromedary camels to people, which can result in outbreaks with human-to-human transmission. Because it is a subclinical infection in camels, epidemiological measures other than prevalence are challenging to assess. This study estimated the force of infection (FOI) of MERS-CoV in camel populations from age-stratified serological data. A cross-sectional study of MERS-CoV was conducted in Kenya from July 2016 to July 2017. Seroprevalence was stratified into four age groups: <1, 1–2, 2–3 and >3 years old. Age-independent and age-dependent linear and quadratic generalised linear models were used to estimate FOI in pastoral and ranching camel herds. Models were compared based on computed AIC values. Among pastoral herds, the age-dependent quadratic FOI was the best fit model, while the age-independent FOI was the best fit for the ranching herd data. FOI provides an indirect estimate of infection risk, which is especially valuable where direct estimates of incidence and other measures of infection are challenging to obtain. The FOIs estimated in this study provide important insight about MERS-CoV dynamics in the reservoir species, and contribute to our understanding of the zoonotic risks of this important public health threat.
Lack of in-home piped water and reported consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among adults in rural Alaska
Authors: Mosites Emily , Seeman Sara , Fenaughty Andrea , Fink Karol , Eichelberger Laura , Holck Peter , Thomas Timothy K , Bruce Michael G , Hennessy Thomas W
Published: September 2019

Objective:

To assess whether a community water service is associated with the frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption, obesity, or perceived health status in rural Alaska.

Design:

We examined the cross-sectional associations between community water access and frequency of SSB consumption, body mass index categories, and perceived health status using data from the 2013 and 2015 Alaska Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Participants were categorized by zip code to ‘in-home piped water service’ or ‘no in-home piped water service’ based on water utility data. We evaluated the univariable and multivariable (adjusting for age, household income and education) associations between water service and outcomes using log-linear survey-weighted generalized linear models.

Setting:

Rural Alaska, USA.

Subjects:

Eight hundred and eighty-seven adults, aged 25 years and older.

Results:

In unadjusted models, participants without in-home water reported consuming SSB more often than participants with in-home water (1·46, 95 % CI: 1·06, 2·00). After adjustment for potential confounders, the effect decreased but remained borderline significant (1·29, 95 % CI: 1·00, 1·67). Obesity was not significantly associated with water service but self-reported poor health was higher in those communities without in-home water (1·63, 95 % CI: 1·05, 2·54).

Conclusions:

Not having access to in-home piped water could affect behaviours surrounding SSB consumption and general perception of health in rural Alaska.
Reference gene and small RNA data from multiple tissues of Davidia involucrata Baill
Authors: Yang Hua , Zhou Chengran , Li Guolin , Wang Jing , Gao Ping , Wang Maolin , Wang Rui , Zhao Yun
Published: September 2019

Davidia involucrata Baill. is a rare plant endemic to China. Its exclusive evolutionary position and specific floral organs endow it with a high research value. However, a lack of genomic resources has constrained the study of D. involucrata functional genomics. Here, we report D. involucrata transcriptome reads from different floral tissues pooled from six individuals at two developmental stages using Illumina HiSeq technology and the construction of a high-quality reference gene set containing a total of 104,463 unigenes with an N50 of 1,693 bp and 48,529 high-quality coding sequences. The transcriptome data exhibited 89.24% full-length completeness with respect to the benchmarking universal single-copy (BUSCO) dataset and a PLAZA CoreGF weighted score of 98.85%. In total, 65,534 (62.73%) unigenes were functionally annotated, including 58 transcription factor families and 44,327 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). In addition, 96 known and 112 novel miRNAs were identified in the parallel small RNA sequencing of each sample. All these high-quality data could provide a valuable annotated gene set for subsequent studies of D. involucrata.
A reversible photochemical solid-state transformation in an interpenetrated 3D metal–organic framework with mechanical softness
Authors: Pahari Goutam , Bhattacharya Biswajit , Reddy C. Malla , Ghoshal Debajyoti
Published: September 2019

A reversible solid state structural transformation via a topochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of a MOF has been correlated with the mechanical softness of the corresponding crystals of the MOFs.
Visible-light CO2 photoreduction of polyoxometalate-based hybrids with different cobalt clusters
Authors: Yao Wei , Qin Chao , Xu Na , Zhou Jie , Sun Chunyi , Liu Li , Su Zhongmin
Published: September 2019

Two novel high-nuclear cobalt-based polyoxometalates can effectively improve photocatalytic activities for CO2 photoreduction under visible light.
Gas-phase structures reflect the pain-relief potency of enkephalin peptides
Authors: Pereverzev Aleksandr Y. , Szabó István , Kopysov Vladimir N. , Rosta Edina , Boyarkin Oleg V.
Published: September 2019

Gas-phase structures can be used for evaluating the binding efficiency of enkephalin drugs into the hydrophobic pockets of opioid receptors.
Characterization and high piezoelectric performance of Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–PbTiO3 ternary ceramics
Authors: Zhu Guanyu , Liu Hui , Sun Shengdong , Gao Botao , Chen Jun
Published: September 2019

The flexible lattice parameters and the lattice strain of an electric-field-induced monoclinic phase at the MPB composition of 0.84PFN–0.07PIN–0.09PT.
Fluorescent aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based thermosetting electrospun nanofibers: fabrication, properties and applications
Authors: Li Weili , Ding Yexin , Tebyetekerwa Mike , Xie Yixiao , Wang Lin , Li Hongkun , Hu Rong , Wang Zhiming , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2019

Preparation and study of the rapid formation of electrospun fluorescent thermosetting fibers via chemical knitting of a thermosetting polymer with AIEgens and their possible applications as fluorescent probes.
POPDC proteins and cardiac function
Authors: Brand Thomas
Published: September 2019

The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.
Fostering open collaboration in drug development for paediatric brain tumours
Authors: Wong Jong Fu , Brown Elizabeth J. , Williams Eleanor , Bullock Alex N.
Published: September 2019

Brain tumours have become the leading cause of child mortality from cancer. Indeed, aggressive brainstem tumours, such as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), are nearly uniformly fatal. These tumours display a unique set of driver mutations that distinguish them from adult gliomas and define new opportunity for the development of precision medicines. The specific association of ACVR1 mutations with DIPG tumours suggests a direct link to neurodevelopment and highlights the encoded bone morphogenetic protein receptor kinase ALK2 as a promising drug target. Beneficial effects of ALK2 inhibition have now been observed in two different in vivo models of DIPG. Nonetheless, such tumours present a huge challenge for traditional economic models of drug development due to their small market size, high failure rate, tumour location and paediatric population. Moreover, a toolkit of different investigational drugs may be needed to fully address the heterogeneity of these tumours in clinical trials. One new business model is suggested by M4K Pharma, a recent virtual start up that aims to align diffuse academic and industry research into a collaborative open science drug discovery programme. Fostering scientific collaboration may offer hope in rare conditions of dire unmet clinical need and provide an alternative route to affordable medicines.
Batch pyrolysis of cotton stalks for evaluation of biochar energy potential
Authors: Al Afif Rafat , Anayah S. Sean , Pfeifer Christoph
Published: September 2019

The thermal cracking of cotton stalks (CS) via pyrolysis was performed using a laboratory scale batch pyrolysis reactor. The effects of the final pyrolysis temperature varying from 300 to 800°C on the pyrolysis products distribution has been investigated. The maximum biochar yield of 46.5% was obtained at 400°C. As the pyrolysis process temperature increased, the solid char product yield decreased. The lowest biochar yield of 28% was obtained at 800°C. The largest higher heating value (HHV, 25.845 MJ kg-1) was obtained at 600°C. All biochar samples produced between 500 and 700°C had an energy densification ratio of 1.41, indicating a higher mass-energy density than the initial feedstock. A larger share of syngas and bio-oil were produced at higher temperatures, as estimated. Preferential selection of a char based on the energy yield would lead to a selection of the 400°C product, while selection based on the energy densification ratio would be for a product obtained between 500 to 700°C.
The impact of adverse environmental factors on the occurrence and prevalence of diseases in the Republic of Dagestan
Authors: Kosyreva Tamara F. , Astarkhanova Farida I. , Astarkhanov Ibragim R. , Astarkhanova Tamara S. , Alibalaeva Leyla I. , Osmanov Ilyas N.
Published: September 2019

The article provides data on the environmental factors that play a role on the occurrence of various diseases and dentofacial anomalies. The data of epidemiological research in the region with adverse environmental factors are presented.
International trade risks
Authors: Hoke Eva , Marada Jan , Heinzová Romana
Published: September 2019

There are a number of risks in the international trade associated with differences in the regulatory environment, logistics, geographical distance and the common misunderstanding among business partners. It would not be possible to comprehensively cover all risks because of the scale of the contribution. The paper deals the characteristics and mapping of international trade risks in the area of protection of intellectual property rights and consumer protection, as well as the processing of statistics on the occurrence of counterfeit frequency in the Czech Republic. The authors briefly described the basic concepts such as counterfeit, dangerous product, dangerous food, intellectual property rights, and international trade risks. The main part of the contribution already contains the interpretation of the achieved results. Based on the analysis and controlled interviews with practitioners, the customs procedure is described and the statistics of goods detained in the customs market both on the national market and on the EU market are processed and compared. The conclusion of the work summarizes the results and outlines possible future development of the Customs Administration of the Czech Republic.
Use of approximate methods to determine minimum reflux ratio in distillation process
Authors: Juan Carlos Beltrán-Prieto , Karel Kolomazník
Published: September 2019

The study of multicomponent distillation process require the solution of system of equations developed after mass balance, equilibrium, enthalpy balance, molar fraction analysis were classic methods developed after Lewis-Matheson and Thiele-Geddes studies used in conventional column studies . In many cases, the design of the multi-stage equipment requires a rigorous determination of parameters (i.e. temperature, pressure, flows and compositions of streams. Given the high no linearity of the equations it is necessary to solve the system by using iterative procedures, where the methods differ in the selection of the set of independent variables. In the present paper we aim to use approximate methods to determine the minimum reflux ratio, amount of theoretical zones and feed location in the process of distillation.
Case study: Optimization of production processes
Authors: Viskup Pavel , Gálová Kateřina , Pěrková Žaneta
Published: September 2019

This article is intended to introduce the reader to the basic ways of increasing the efficiency of current production when problems arise from inaccurate planning of production. The article is based on a study that is gradually implemented as system measures in actual production. Simple and logical improvements bring efficiency improvements and production deadlines. The methods used are suitable for both production and logistics. The study is for a medium-sized company. But the authors want to extend it to small businesses. Small businesses do not fully perceive this area, nor do they accept problems in this area. As part of consultations and inspections, we find that small businesses have significant systemic shortcomings, but owners do not admit this.
Universal approach to derivation of quaternion rotation formulas
Authors: Chudá Hana
Published: September 2019

This paper introduces and defines the quaternion with a brief insight into its properties and algebra. The main part of this paper is devoted to the derivation of basic equations of the vector rotation around each rotationalx, y, zaxis. Then, the equations of generalized quaternion rotation and express the general rotation operator is derived. Finally the utilization of equations is demonstrated on a simple example. For purposes of simplicity the quaternions theory is demonstrated around thez-axis byγangle. For the purpose of this paper, the fact that the subspace of vector quaternions may be regarded as being equivalent to the ordinary is used.
The software methodology to the soft targets assessment
Authors: Mrazkova Duricova Lucia , Valasek Pavel , Mrazek Jan , Chudá Hana
Published: September 2019

The soft targets and crowded places are closely related to the risk of attack on a group of people. These places are very specific because the moving in the soft targets is not organized. That’s mean these places have open access and the public. The attack in the soft targets (attack on the soft targets) can have a significant impact on the population and life of the people. The main aim of the proposed software is to analyze the features of the object. According to the analyses, we can define the corrective action, which can have a significant impact on the security situation in the object.
A Novel Intrusion Detection System Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Andreatos Antonios , Moussas Vassilios
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes a novel intrusion detection system (IDS) based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The system is still under development. Two types of attacks have been tested so far: DDoS and PortScan. The experimental results obtained by analyzing the proposed IDS using the CICIDS2017 dataset show satisfactory performance and superiority in terms of accuracy, detection rate, false alarm rate and time overhead, compared to state of the art existing schemes.
Using Data Mining Algorithms to Discover Regular Sound Changes among Languages
Authors: Revesz Peter Z.
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a method of using association rule data mining algorithms to discover regular sound changes among languages. The method presented has a great potential to facilitate linguistic studies aimed at identifying distantly related cognate languages. As an experimental example, this paper presents the application of the data mining method to the discovery of regular sound changes between the Hungarian and the Sumerian languages, which separated at least five thousand years ago when the Proto-Sumerian reached Mesopotamia. The data mining method discovered an important regular sound change between Hungarian word initial /f/ and Sumerian word initial /b/ phonemes.
NDM: 1-Bit Delta-Sigma Converter with Non-Linear Loop
Authors: Lagunas Miguel A. , Perez-Neira Ana , Rubio José
Published: September 2019

In this paper we propose to introduce a new processing scheme in the basic loop of a Delta Sigma (ΔΣ) analog-to-digital converter. This processing confers extra gains of the converter over both the quantization error and the channel noise. This is an advance with respect to all cases found in the literature, where the desired signal is not protected against channel noise. Also, the proposed processing is simple and contrasts with the existing architectures, which produce better quality at the expense of sensitivity to implementation imperfections due to the presence of multiples loops in the corresponding architecture. Furthermore, the in-phase/quadrature components structure of a band pass signal has not been used to improve the performance of ΔΣ converters.