bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Niemand wil dode Chinezen in een afgesloten container
Authors: Hoes Lotte , Kleemans Edward
Published: November 2018

Nobody wants dead Chinese in a locked container Human smuggling investigations and the so-called ban on passage of people

According to Dutch law, investigating officers have to comply with a so-called ban on passage of people, in cases of concrete ‘knowledge’ about human smuggling, making intervention obligatory (in order to protect smuggled migrants). Nevertheless, a formal exception procedure is possible if non-intervention would be in the interest of the investigation. This exception procedure, however, is not used in practice. Based on interviews with investigating officers, this paper concludes that protection of smuggled migrants is a very important aim as such, that ‘knowledge’ is a complex concept as it is not always very concrete, that making this ‘knowledge’ more concrete depends on actual investigative efforts, and that – if this information is concrete – there are various ways in which interventions can take place that do not jeopardize the aims of the investigation.
Leren over radicalisering
Authors: Frissen Karin , Janssen Janine
Published: November 2018

Radicalization: lessons learned while teaching professionals

In this contribution is explained what the researchers have learned from developing a course for professionals regarding recognizing signs of radicalization among youngsters. Giving this training has given us insight into the knowledge and expertise that professionals possess. The participants in our training were all enthusiastic and competent professionals. The will to support these young people and their families is great. But we have also encountered some bottlenecks: there is not sufficient time to maintain contacts with informal networks and next to that we have noticed that professionals are often insecure, meaning that they don’t know how to handle a case and/or who to contact for further advice or another form of help in dealing with these cases. As a consequence professionals might feel isolated and left behind within the institutions that they are working in. For the future we would like to see that this problem of what in The Netherlands is referred to as ‘professional loneliness’ is addressed.
Reclassering in een veranderende omgeving
Authors: van Vliet Jaap A.
Published: November 2018

Probation in a changing environment Some remarks on an advice of The Council for the Administration of Criminal Justice and Protection of Juveniles (RSJ) from 30th of May 2017.

The article describes some highlights of the advice and concludes that the document mainly describes the current situation of the probationservice. The advice may possibly contribute to the upcoming discussion regarding the organization of the probation service.
¿Cómo piensan la noción de desarrollo de los estudiantes, los profesores de ciencia en ejercicio de la Enseñanza Media Obligatoria?
Authors: Malvaez Sánchez Olga Lidia , Labarrere Sarduy Alberto Felix , Quintanilla Gatica Mario Roberto
Published: November 2018

En este artículo aportamos algunas directrices teóricas y metodológicas para comprender las concepciones acerca del desarrollo de sus estudiantes, subyacentes al pensamiento de los profesores de ciencia de enseñanza media, considerando un grupo de 99 profesores, a quienes se les aplicó un Cuestionario de Planos del Desarrollo, de los cuales solo se consideraron tres. Se identificó la manera en que operan las dimensiones referenciales; se constató un efecto de «ajuste referencial», así como incongruencias y desequilibrios en las dimensiones teórico-referenciales de sus concepciones. Los resultados más significativos coinciden con investigaciones que identifican la variabilidad, mezcla y efecto de hibridación de las concepciones, que transitan desde ingenuas y tradicionalistas hasta más sofisticadas, haciendo más complejos los discursos y las diferentes acciones del profesorado.
Trayectorias de aprendizaje del concepto de recta tangente en alumnos de Bachillerato
Authors: Orts Muñoz Abilio , Llinares Ciscar Salvador , Boigues Planes Francisco José
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar trayectorias de aprendizaje del concepto de recta tangente en estudiantes de Bachillerato en un experimento de enseñanza. Se considera un modelo de progresión del aprendizaje del concepto de recta tangente que usa la idea de linealidad local (concepción leibniziana) para apoyar la transición desde la concepción euclídea hasta la concepción cartesiana. Identificamos tres trayectorias de aprendizaje caracterizadas por dos aspectos: i) la relación entre los registros gráfico y analítico que permite progresar desde la concepción euclídea a la cartesiana vía la concepción leibniziana, y ii) la aproximación al valor de una función en el entorno del punto de tangencia mediante la recta tangente. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la interiorización de la concepción leibniziana es necesaria para superar el obstáculo epistemológico que supone la concepción euclídea para el aprendizaje del concepto de recta tangente.
El libro de texto, las ilustraciones y la actitud hacia la Ciencia del alumnado: percepciones, experiencias y opiniones del profesorado
Authors: Aguilera Morales David , Perales Palacios Francisco Javier
Published: November 2018

Materiales educativos como el libro de texto y las ilustraciones incluidas en ellos son habitualmente empleados en la enseñanza de las ciencias, de modo que estudiar su influencia en la actitud hacia la Ciencia del alumnado es apremiante, aún más cuando esta no atraviesa un buen momento. En este caso, hemos optado por la metodología cualitativa para analizar las percepciones del profesorado sobre la influencia de ambos recursos didácticos en la actitud hacia la Ciencia del alumnado, utilizando el grupo de discusión como herramienta de investigación y habiendo participado un total de diez docentes de educación primaria y secundaria. Los resultados evidencian que tanto el libro de texto como las ilustraciones son moderadores en la promoción de actitudes positivas hacia el aprendizaje de las ciencias, siempre y cuando se cumplan una serie de condiciones.
Relaciones funcionales y estrategias de alumnos de primero de Educación Primaria en un contexto funcional
Authors: Morales Merino Rodolfo Alexi , Cañadas María , Brizuela Bárbara , Gómez Pedro
Published: November 2018

Desde un enfoque funcional del álgebra escolar, en este trabajo indagamos sobre el pensamiento funcional de alumnos de primero de Educación Primaria (6 años) en el contexto español. Particularmente, nos centramos en las relaciones funcionales y las estrategias que emplean estos alumnos en la resolución de problemas que involucran funciones. Analizamos parte de la información recogida en un experimento de enseñanza con un grupo de treinta alumnos y entrevistas individuales a cuatro de estos alumnos. Encontramos que la relación funcional más frecuentemente identificada es la correspondencia. Algunos alumnos también identifican la relación de covariación. Además, se evidencia un vínculo entre ambas relaciones funcionales y las estrategias de operatoria y/o conteo.
Efeito da atividade física sobre a reatividade vascular em idosas hipertensas
Authors: Carvalho Luma Vithoria Pereira de , Araújo Maria Silvanna da Costa , Portela Larisse Passos Ribeiro , Silva Maria Luiza Cheyenne da , Mazullo Filho João Batista Raposo
Published: November 2018

Introdução: O crescimento da população idosa aumentou a incidência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como por exemplo, a hipertensão arterial. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da atividade física sobre a reatividade vascular em idosas hipertensas. Métodos: A coleta de dados foi realizada de outubro a novembro de 2016. Foi efetuado um programa de exercícios de treino de força e aeróbico realizados durante 4 semanas, com duração de 40 minutos. Após os exercícios realizou-se o Cold Pressor Test (CPT), em seguida foi aferida a pressão arterial e a frequência cardíaca imediatamente após o estímulo e aos 5, 10, 15 e 20 minutos subsequentes. Resultados: Mostraram que ambas as intervenções são efetivas para uma menor resposta de reatividade vascular das idosas, quando submetidas ao estresse. Conclusão: Conclui-se que as intervenções são efetivas como um tratamento não farmacológico para a hipertensão arterial, além de promover uma diminuição significativa da pressão arterial pós CPT.
Efeitos dos treinamentos metabólico e de força no estado de humor
Authors: Laux Rafael Cunha , Mattiello Gabriel Fernando , Corazza Sara Teresinha
Published: November 2018

Introdução: O estado de humor relaciona-se diretamente com a qualidade de vida e esta pode ser melhorada com a prática de exercício físico.  Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos de uma sessão de treinamento funcional intenso de força e metabólico sobre o estado de humor. Material e Métodos: O grupo de estudo foi constituído por 29 sujeitos com idade média de 32,76±10,39 anos, praticantes de treinamento funcional. Avaliou-se o estado de humor dos sujeitos utilizando a escala de Brunel (BRUMS) e a intensidade do treinamento foi controlada utilizando-se a escala de BORG. Cada sessão de treinamento teve duração 65 minutos. Resultados: Verificou-se melhora no estado de humor, observada pela melhora dos aspectos relacionados a tensão e a raiva nos dois modelos de treinamento e dos aspectos de depressão no treinamento de força quando comparados o pré e o pós treinamento. Conclusão: A intervenção com treinamento físico funcional melhorou o estado de humor nos aspectos de tensão, raiva e depressão dos participantes.
Influência do nível de atividade física sobre o desempenho cognitivo no teste de Stroop
Authors: Barbieri João Francisco , Castaño Luz Albany Arcila , Sampaio Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho , Sampaio Priscila Yukari Sewo , Uchida Marco Carlos
Published: November 2018

Introdução: O teste de Stroop é comumente utilizado para avaliar a flexibilidade cognitiva e função executiva.  O teste mostrou correlacionar-se com variáveis como idade, nível educacional e atividade física, porém, pouco se sabe sobre as variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho no teste em populações previamente ativas. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho no teste de Stroop em população fisicamente ativa. Métodos: 89 estudantes foram recrutados, os mesmos tiveram seus níveis de atividade física avaliado por questionário e composição corporal avaliada por bioimpedância. Resultado: Observamos que as variáveis relacionadas à prática de atividade física não apresentaram correlação com o teste de Stroop. Foi identificado correlação do teste com as variáveis peso corporal e índice de massa corporal (IMC), sendo que maiores valores de peso e IMC resultaram em melhor desempenho no teste. Conclusão: Para indivíduos fisicamente ativos, outros fatores parecem ser preponderantes à atividade física com relação ao desempenho no teste de Stroop.
Avaliação psicomotora de crianças com paralisia cerebral deambuladoras: caracterização e aplicabilidade
Authors: Freitas Jheniffer , Costin Ana Cláudia Martins Szczypior , Mélo Tainá Ribas
Published: November 2018

Introdução: A paralisia cerebral (PC) promove desordens no desenvolvimento neuorpsicomotor (DNPM). Objetivo: verificar a aplicabilidade e caracterização do perfil psicomotor de seis crianças de 4 a 12 anos de idade com PC do tipo diplegia e hemiplegia, GMFCS I a III, deambuladoras. Métodos: estudo transversal que verificou o DNPM de crianças com PC hemiplégicas e diplégicas por meio da Bateria Psicomotora de Fonseca (BPM) de forma a adaptar às suas necessidades. Resultados: Verificou-se que foi possível adaptar a BPM para avaliar crianças com hemiplegia e diplegia deambuladoras em um tempo maior de avaliação, e que, com relação aos seus desempenhos, apenas uma criança apresentou perfil geral dispráxico e os demais com perfil típico eupráxico, demonstrando maiores dificuldades nos fatores praxia global e fina e estruturação espaço-temporal, itens esses que precisaram ser adaptados. Conclusão: É possível usar a BPM para avaliar crianças hemiplégicas e diplégicas com PC, permitindo identificar as áreas mais acometidas, numa perspectiva mais ampliada de avaliação que considere suas capacidades e funcionalidade.
Revisão sistemática sobre exercício no tratamento da dor lombar e pélvica gestacional
Authors: Abreu Wenis Caetano de , Fagundes Felipe Ribeiro Cabral , Miyamoto Gisela Cristiane , Cabral Cristina Maria Nunes
Published: November 2018

Introdução: Várias revisões sistemáticas já foram realizadas com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de tratamentos combinados na melhora da dor lombar e pélvica gestacional. Porém, o efeito da terapia por exercícios no tratamento da dor lombar e pélvica gestacional ainda é incerto. Objetivos: Revisar as evidências de estudos controlados aleatorizados (ECAs) acerca da terapia por exercício na dor, incapacidade, recuperação e saúde geral em mulheres com dor lombar e pélvica gestacional. Métodos: Buscas foram realizadas no MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL e PEDro em fevereiro de 2018. Algumas palavras-chave utilizadas foram: randomized controlled trial, low back pain e exercise therapy. Apenas ECAs de mulheres com dor lombar e pélvica gestacional foram selecionados, cujo tratamento foi baseado em terapia por exercícios. Os estudos foram analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: Pela análise dos 21 artigos elegíveis, não se pode confirmar que os exercícios são superiores ao não-tratamento, à intervenção mínima/cuidados usuais, e outros tipos de tratamento para dor lombar e pélvica gestacional. Essa limitação deve-se à grande heterogeneidade dos estudos elegíveis. Conclusão: Há evidência escassa e de baixa qualidade metodológica para a utilização de exercícios no tratamento da dor lombar e pélvica gestacional.
Higher polythionic acids – the precursors for formation of thallium sulphide layers on polyethylene surface
Authors: Janickis Vitalijus , Bružaitė Ingrida
Published: November 2018

The method of thallium sulphide thin films deposition on low density polyethylene (LDPE), based on applying solutions of higher polythionic acids (H2SnO6, n = 21, 33, 45), was developed and investigated. The concentration of sulphur in the LDPE film increases with the increase of temperature of higher polythionic acid solution and its sulphurity, as well as the duration of retention of LDPE in its solution is prolonged. The sulphur concentration in the PE film under the same duration of sulphurisation and repetition of treatment cycles insignificantly changes. When the sulphurised LDPE was treated with a thallium Tl(I) salt solution, sulphur present in the polymer reacts with thallium ions and the layers of thallium sulphides, TlxSy, of different composition are formed. The stoichiometric composition of the layer changes from Tl0.1S to Tl2.6S. The amount of thallium increases in the sulphide layers when the number of the cycles of LDPE sulphurisation in the H2S33O6 solution and treatment of sulphurised polymer with the Tl(I) salt solution is increased. The stoichiometric composition of TlxSy coats of one treatment cycle samples changes from Tl0.5S to Tl1.1S. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the polyethylene, treated with the solution of higher polythionic acid, H2S33O6, and then with the Tl(I) salt solution, confirmed the premise that on the LDPE surface the layers of thallium sulphides, TlxSy, were formed. Five phases of thallium sulphides were identified: TlS, Tl2S, Tl2S2, Tl4S3 and Tl2S5. The TlS phase prevailed in diffractograms. The chemical and phase composition of the TlxSy layers surface (up to 1 nm depth) is identified by X-ray photo-electronic spectroscopy analysis. The analysis data confirmed that the compounds of TlS, Tl2S, Tl2SO4, Tl(OH)3, S8 and Tl2O3 were formed on the surface of the layers. The morphology of thallium sulphide layers and the mechanism of their formation are determined by means of scanning atomic force and electronic microscopy. Two processes take place during the formation of the layer: desorption of sulphur and reaction of thallium ions from the thallium(I) salt solution with sulphur present on the LDPE surface. The layer of thallium sulphides is formed on the surface of the sulphur layer. Deposition of thallium sulpfide films from the solution of higher polythionic acid on the LDPE films is not homogeneous, it has the separated island type morphology. The identified regularities let purposively choose the conditions for sulphurisation of LDPE films by using the solution of higher polythionic acid as the agent of polymer sulphurisation in order to compose the layers of thallium sulphides, TlxSy, of the desired chemical and phasic composition on the surface of this polymer by means of the sorption–diffusion method.
La actitud hacia la educación en línea en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Hernández Godoy Verónica Lucía , Fernandez Morales Katiuska , Pulido Jesús Eduardo
Published: November 2018

Las instituciones educativas se enfrentan a una era de innovación constante. Diversas herramientas, metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje y sistemas virtuales ofrecen al estudiante la posibilidad de alcanzar sus metas, optimizar su desarrollo profesional y acceder a una educación de calidad. Tomar en cuenta la actitud de los estudiantes hacia la educación en línea es uno de los factores más importantes para diseñar, desarrollar e implementar iniciativas que permitan al estudiante aprovechar esta oferta educativa y obtener el mayor beneficio. Este artículo expone los resultados de la investigación que tiene como objetivo identificar los factores actitudinales que influyen en el aprendizaje en línea de los estudiantes universitarios. Este estudio es cuantitativo, no experimental descriptivo, ex-post facto. Se utilizó un cuestionario en línea que fue completado por 47 estudiantes de carreras universitarias de certificación, técnico, maestría y posgrado en educación en línea de la Universidad Galileo de Guatemala. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes con experiencia previa en tecnología y cursos en línea que reciben una educación con tutores preparados en un sistema fácil de utilizar y reciben adecuado soporte técnico y pedagógico sienten poco estrés ante los sistemas de aprendizaje en línea y tienen una actitud positiva hacia ellos.
Síndrome de Burnout y variables sociodemográficas en docentes de una universidad privada de Lima
Authors: Rodríguez Flores Eduar Antonio , Sánchez Trujillo María de los Ángeles
Published: November 2018

El objetivo principal de la presente investigación fue determinar las diferencias entre los componentes del síndrome de burnout en docentes de una universidad privada de Lima según variables sociodemográficas. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño de investigación descriptivo comparativo. También, debido a que no se aplicó muestreo, se abarcó a una población total compuesta por 260 docentes de Humanidades de dicha institución educativa, quienes dictan cursos de Lenguaje, de Investigación, Ética y Ciudadanía, y Taller de Creatividad. Además, se utilizó como instrumentos de medición la adaptación del Inventario Burnout de Maslach y una ficha sociodemográfica para docentes universitarios. A partir del procesamiento y análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos, se halló lo siguiente: existen diferencias significativas de cansancio emocional según sexo y turno de dictado; asimismo, de realización personal según edad, estado civil, especialidad, máximo nivel de estudios alcanzado y años de experienciadocente; entre otros resultados. Además, se corroboró o refutó algunos resultados de investigaciones previas, especialmente, en relación con las variables sexo, edad, estado civil, nivel de estudios y turno de dictado. También, a partir de este trabajo, se identificó que el lugar de estudios de pregrado, la especialidad y los años de experiencia, aspectos no estudiados a profundidad en los antecedentes de estudio, podrían resultar variables asociadas a algunos componentes del burnout. Finalmente, además de las diferencias significativas mencionadas, se concluyó que existen niveles medios de cansancio emocional, despersonalización, distorsión del entorno laboral, realización personal y realización laboral en los docentes que conformaron la muestra de estudio.
Aceptación del Modelo Tecnológico en la enseñanza superior
Authors: Cabero-Almenara Julio , Marín-Díaz Verónica , Sampedro-Requena Begoña Esther
Published: November 2018

En las últimas décadas la incorporación de las plataformas de teleformación a la educación superior ha supuesto que los alumnos convivan con un elemento ajeno a su vida social, por lo que su implicación con ella depende de un gran número de factores. A través del Modelo de Aceptación Tecnológica (TAM) de Arteaga y Duarte (2010), ideado originalmente por Davis en 1989, el cual se basa en la teoría psicológica de Azjen y Fishbein (1980), se ha procedido a recabar las opiniones que los estudiantes de Grado de Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Córdoba (N=546) tienen sobre Moodle, -plataforma para desarrollar la formación online en dicha universidad-, por medio del establecimiento de 23 hipótesis. El principal resultado ha sido constatar, que el modelo anglosajón puede ser aplicado en el contexto español sin riesgo de pérdida o sesgo de información. Por otra parte, se ha encontrado que el sexo no es una variable predictora del éxito/fracaso en la aceptación de esta tecnología, al igual que sucede con la formación previa que tengan los estudiantes. El empleo del modelo TAM a la educación superior española revertirá en el uso de una forma más eficaz de las tecnologías emergentes que día a día se van incorporando a la docencia universitaria.
Trayectorias educativas según género. Lo invisible para la política educativa chilena
Authors: Baeza Reyes Andrea , Lamadrid Álvarez Silvia
Published: November 2018

Chile se encuentra en un momento de reformas de política educativa para contrarrestar su marcada desigualdad, pero la perspectiva de género sigue al margen de la toma de decisiones. Más allá del acceso igualitario a las escuelas, diversos indicadores nacionales e internacionales muestran la persistencia de brechas de aprendizaje entre hombres y mujeres y cómo éstas se traducen en perjuicios para ellas cuando acceden al mercado laboral. En este contexto, realizamos un estudio cualitativo en una escuela de Santiago de Chile, sobre los discursos de estudiantes y docentes de Enseñanza Media acerca de las trayectorias educativas de hombres y mujeres. Gran parte de los agentes educativos se refieren de manera acrítica a la segregación en las elecciones vocacionales de las y los jóvenes, y el desarrollo de autonomía económica para las mujeres es cuestionado principalmente por los varones, aun cuando declaran cambios en los roles de género movilizados precisamente por la educación. Se constata además, una escasez de estrategias formales al interior de la escuela para abordar la temática, en contraste con el interés del cuerpo docente por  formar de manera más integral a sus estudiantes. Ello permite debatir la eficacia de la actual política educativa en Chile y proponer acciones de mejora para generar trayectorias en igualdad.
Flower visitation by hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in a temperate plant-pollinator network
Authors: Klecka Jan , Hadrava Jiří , Biella Paolo , Akter Asma
Published: November 2018

Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are among the most important pollinators, although they attract less attention than bees. They are usually thought to be rather opportunistic flower visitors, although previous studied demonstrated that they show colour preferences and their nectar feeding is affected by morphological constraints related to flower morphology. Despite the growing appreciation of hoverflies and other non-bee insects as pollinators, there is a lack of community-wide studies of flower visitation by syrphids. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed analysis of flower visitation patterns in a species rich community of syrphids in a Central European grassland and to evaluate how species traits shape the structure of the plant-hoverfly flower visitation network. We found that different species varied in the level of specialisation, and while some species visited a similar spectre of flowers, others partitioned resources more strongly. There was a consistent difference in both specialisation and flower preferences between three syrphid subfamilies. Eristalinae and Pipizinae were more specialised than Syrphinae. Trait-based analyses showed that relative flower visitation i) increased with plant height, but most strongly in Eristalinae; ii) increased with inflorescence size in small species from all three subfamilies, but was independent of inflorescence size in large species of Eristalinae and Syrphinae; and iii) depended on flower colour, but in a subfamily-specific way. Eristalinae showed the strongest flower colour preferences for white flowers, Pipizinae visited mostly white and yellow flowers, while Syrphinae were less affected by flower colour. Exploration of the structure of the plant-hoverfly flower visitation network showed that the network was both modular and nested. We also found that there were almost no differences in specialisation and relative visitation frequency between males and females. Overall, we showed that flower visitation in syrphids was affected by phylogenetic relatedness, body size of syrphids and several plant traits.
Computational studies on eukaryotic transmembrane β-barrel proteins
Authors: Roumia Ahmed F. , Theodoropoulou Margarita C. , Tsirigos Konstantinos D. , Bagos Pantelis G.
Published: November 2018

Transmembrane β-barrel proteins perform multiple cellular functions such as passive transport of ions and allowing the flux of molecules. Also, they act as enzymes, transporters, receptors and virulence factors. Even though, in the last few years, several families of eukaryotic β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) have been discovered, the computational characterization of these families is far from complete. The PFAM database includes only very few characteristic profiles for these families and, in most cases, the profile Hidden Markov Models where trained using both prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins. Here, we present, for the first time, a comprehensive computational analysis of eukaryotic transmembrane β- barrels. Ten characteristic pHMMs were build that can discriminate eukaryotic β-barrels from other classes of β-barrel proteins (globular and bacterial) and are, also, capable of discriminating between mitochondrial and chloroplastic ones. Specifically, we built six new pHMMs for the chloroplastic β-barrel families not included in the PFAM database and, also, updated the profile for MDM10 family (PF12519) and divided the porin family (PF01459) into two separated families VDAC and TOM40. We hope that all the pHMMs presented here will be used for the detection and characterization of eukaryotic OMPs in newly discovered proteomes.
World Travellers: Colonial Loyalties, Border Crossing and Cosmopolitanism in Recent Postcolonial First World War Novels
Authors: Branach-Kallas Anna
Published: November 2018

This article offers a comparative analysis of the representation of travelling men and women in The Sojourn (2003) by Canadian writer Alan Cumyn, The Daughters of Mars (2012) by Australian novelist Thomas Kenneally and Blue Ravens: Historical Novel (2014) by North American indigenous author Gerald Vizenor. These three novels explore the cliché of colonial loyalties, illustrating the diverse motivations that led individuals from North America and Australia to volunteer for the war. Cumyn, Kenneally and Vizenor undermine the stereotypical location of the colonial traveller in an uncultured space; in their fiction the war provides a pretext to expose imperial ideologies, to redefi ne collective identities, as well as to rethink the relationship between the local and the cosmopolitan. As a result, the First World War is reconfi gured in terms of border crossing, contact and/or transcultural exchange, which result in radical shifts in consciousness, a critique of imperialism, as well as aspirations for cultural/political autonomy.
A novel mechanism of gland formation in zebrafish involving transdifferentiation of renal epithelial cells and live cell extrusion
Authors: Naylor Richard W , Chang Hao-Han G , Qubisi Sarah , Davidson Alan J
Published: November 2018

Transdifferentiation is the poorly understood phenomenon whereby a terminally differentiated cell acquires a completely new identity. Here, we describe a rare example of a naturally occurring transdifferentiation event in zebrafish in which kidney distal tubule epithelial cells are converted into an endocrine gland known as the Corpuscles of Stannius (CS). We find that this process requires Notch signalling and is associated with the cytoplasmic sequestration of the Hnf1b transcription factor, a master-regulator of renal tubule fate. A deficiency in the Irx3b transcription factor results in ectopic transdifferentiation of distal tubule cells to a CS identity but in a Notch-dependent fashion. Using live-cell imaging we show that CS cells undergo apical constriction en masse and are then extruded from the tubule to form a distinct organ. This system provides a valuable new model to understand the molecular and morphological basis of transdifferentiation and will advance efforts to exploit this rare phenomenon therapeutically.
An Investigation on Polymerization of Ethylene by Ziegler-Natta Catalyst in the Presence of a Promoter: Polymerization Behavior and Polymer Microstructure
Authors: Gholami Yaghoob , Abdouss Majid , Abedi Sadegh , Azadi Farhad , Baniani Pezhman , Arsalanfar Maryam
Published: November 2018

The effect of a halocarbon (ethyl chloride) as a promoter on a Ziegler-Natta catalyst composed of‌ T‌iCl4 (catalyst), AlEt3 (activator) and Mg(OEt)2 (support) in the polymerization of ethylene have been investigated. In addition, the impact of this compound on the structural and thermal properties of the produced polyethylene has been studied. The catalyst activity and polymerization rate increased almost up to twice when a suitable molar ratio of ethyl chloride to triethylaluminum (TEA) was used. There was no change in the type of the profile of the polymerization rate during the polymerization time. A reduction in the polymer molecular weight was observed in the presence of the promoter and hydrogen. In addition, the MWD curve shifted toward lower values in the presence of ethyl chloride. Furthermore, a numerical method was used to obtain the most probable chain-length distribution, number   average molecular weight and weight fraction corresponding to each site type in the presence and absence of the promoter. Since, the catalyst had an irregular shape, the produced polymer also showed a similar morphology. In addition, the promoter used in the polymerization did not have any effect on the produced polymer morphology. The DSC results indicated that the presence of the promoter in the polymerization led to a decrease in the melting point of the produced polymer; whereas, there were no remarkable changes in the crystallization temperature of the polymers.
Comparison the New Kinetics Equation of Non-competitive Sorption Cd(II) and Zn(II) onto Green Sorbent Horse Dung Humic Acid (HD-HA)
Authors: Basuki Rahmat , Ngatijo Ngatijo , Santosa Sri Juari , Rusdiarso Bambang
Published: November 2018

The new kinetics equation has been proposed and applied to the sorption of Cd(II) and Zn(II) onto green sorbent horse dung humic acid (HD-HA). This work aims to study the new kinetics equation and to compare its parameters with Lagergren and Ho kinetics equation in the same system. HD-HA was extracted and purified by Stevenson’s methods and then characterized by detection of its functional group, UV-Vis spectra, and total acidity. The sorption study of this work was investigated by batch experiment in pH optimum 5. Langmuir’s monolayer sorption capacity (b) of Cd(II) and Zn(II) onto HD-HA was 1.329×10-3 and 1.070×10-3 mole.g-1, respectively. Langmuir equilibrium constant (KL) of Cd(II) and Zn(II) sorption was 5,651 and 6,399 (mole/L)-1, respectively. The kinetics parameters were determined by Lagergren, Ho, and the new kinetics equation. The best linearity (R2) and the most fitted sorbed metal ion in equilibrium (xe) with the experimental data was the Ho kinetics equation. However, the correct value of sorption rate constant (ka) was not really known, because the ka resulted from Ho and Lagergren kinetics equation can not be compared with another parameter and there is no scale to measure the correctness of this value of ka. In this work, the correctness value of ka of the new kinetics equation can be measured by ka/kd equal to K, and this K should be equal to KL. The values of K of Cd(II) (3,452 (mole/L)-1) and and Zn(II) (10,898 (mole/L)-1) were quite similar with KL. Additionally, the value of intercept from linear regression of this new kinetics equation (Cd(II) = 6.8517; Zn(II) = 6.0408) was highly similar with the manually calculation of -ln(xe/ab) (Cd(II) = 7.0638; Zn(II) = 6.9838). These new kinetics equations also reveal that Lagergren sorption rate constant (kLag) is the complex function of ka(ab-xe2)/xe).
Catalytic Conversion of Residual Palm Oil in Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) By HZSM-5 Zeolite based-Catalysts
Authors: Musa Mohd Lukman , Mat Ramli , Tuan Abdullah Tuan Amran
Published: November 2018

Bleaching earth is used to remove colour, phospholipids, oxidized products, metals and residual gums in the palm oil process refinery. Once adsorption process end, the spent bleaching earth (SBE) which contains approximately 20-40 wt. % of the adsorbed oil was usually disposed to landfills. The oil content in SBE was recovered by catalytic cracking using transition metal (Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni) doped HZSM-5 zeolite in a batch reactor (pyrolysis zone) and fixed bed reactor (catalyst bed). The 5 wt. % of each metallic was introduced in HZSM-5 zeolite using incipient wetness impregnation method. The main objective of this study was to investigate the performance of modified HZSM-5 zeolite for cracking of residual oil in SBE. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized    using XRD, FTIR, Nitrogen adsorption, and TPD-NH3.  Liquid biofuel obtained from cracking was analyzed by GC-MS. The incorporation of metallic loaded on HZSM-5 zeolite has reduced the surface area of the catalyst that gives a significant impact to the catalytic behavior. The Ni/HZSM-5 zeolite exhibited the highest yields of alkenes as compared to others but slightly decreases the yield of alkanes whereas in contrast with the Cr/HZSM-5, the obtained alkanes were found higher than that of alkenes. In addition, the Cr/HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 favored the conversion of polycyclic aromatics to mono-aromatics, whereas parent HZSM-5 catalyst favored the formation of poly-aromatics. These results indicated that the metal loaded on HZSM-5 can promote the cracking of heavy fractions to lighter hydrocarbon thus can be used for cracking oil in SBE.
Green Biofuel Production via Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil using Malaysian Dolomite Catalyst
Authors: Raja Shahruzzaman Raja Mohamad Hafriz , Ali Salmiaton , Yunus Robiah , Yun-Hin Taufiq Yap
Published: November 2018

Malaysian Dolomite has shown potential deoxygenation catalyst due to high capacity in removing oxygen compound and produce high quality of biofuel with desirable lighter hydrocarbon (C8-C24). The performance of this catalyst was compared with several commercial catalysts in catalytic pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil. Calcination at 900 °C in N2 produced catalyst with very high activity due to decomposition of CaMg(CO3)2 phase and formation of MgO-CaO phase. The liquid product showed similar chemical composition of biofuel in the range of gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuel. Furthermore, Malaysian Dolomite showed high reactivity with 76.51 % in total liquid hydrocarbon and the ability to convert the oxygenated compounds into CO2, CO, CH4, H2, hydrocarbon fuel gas, and H2O. Moreover, low acid value (33 mg KOH/g) and low aromatic hydrocarbon content were obtained in the biofuel. Thus, local calcined carbonated material has a potential to act as catalyst in converting waste cooking oil into biofuel.
Solid State Fermentation Parameters Effect on Cellulase Production from Empty Fruit Bunch
Authors: Wonoputri Vita , Subiantoro Subiantoro , Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia , Purwadi Ronny
Published: November 2018

In this study, agriculture waste palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was used as carbon/cellulose source in solid state fermentation for cheaper cellulase production. Fermentation operation parameters, such as: solid to liquid ratio, temperature, and pH, were varied to study the effect of those parameters towards crude cellulase activity. Two different fungi organisms, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma reesei were used as the producers. Extracellular cellulase enzyme was extracted using simple contact method using citrate buffer. Assessment of the extracted cellulase activity by filter paper assay showed that Trichoderma viride is the superior organism capable of producing higher cellulase amount compared to Trichoderma reesei at the same fermentation condition. The optimum cellulase activity of 0.79 FPU/g dry substrate was obtained when solid to liquid ratio used for the fermentation was 1:1, while the optimum fermentation temperature and pH were found to be 30 °C and 5.5, respectively. The result obtained in this research showed the potential of EFB utilization for enzyme production.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of Palladium-polyvinylpyrrolidone Complex in Oxidation of Octene-1
Authors: Akbayeva Dina Nauryzbaevna , Bakirova Botagoz Sanatkyzy , Seilkhanova Gulziya Amangeldyevna , Sitzman Helmut
Published: November 2018

The metal complex catalysis with participation of unsaturated hydrocarbons gains great interest because of ecological aspect and a possibility of re-using of the catalyst. It has a number of advantages in comparison with a heterogeneous catalysis, such as high activity and selectivity, low temperatures of reaction and pressure. A palladium-polyvinylpyrrolidone complex was synthesized and characterized by potentiometry, conductometry, mass-, and IR-spectroscopy. The complex was tested for catalytic activity in reaction of octene-1 oxidation by inorganic oxidizers (KIO4, NaBrO3, Na2S2O8, K2S2O8) in dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide under mild conditions. The reaction product was octanone-2, obtained in good yield (80-98 %) and characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The catalysts can be easily recycled five consecutive runs without significant loss of catalytic efficiency. The use of different surface analysis techniques, such as: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), led to a better understanding of the polymer promoting effect.
An Efficient Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxo-Octahydroxanthenes Derivatives Using Heterogeneous Ce-ZSM-11 Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Magar Rameshwar R. , Pawar Ganesh T. , Gadekar Sachin P. , Lande Machhindra Karbhari
Published: November 2018

The Ce-ZSM-11 zeolite has been used as an efficient catalyst for the one pot synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives from aromatic aldehyde and 5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione under reflux condition. The catalyst was characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmer-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) techniques. This method provides several advantageous such as use of inexpensive catalyst, simple work-up procedure, high yield of desired product and reusability of catalyst.
Impact of AlCl3 and FeCl2 Addition on Catalytic Behaviors of TiCl4/MgCl2/THF Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization and Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymerization
Authors: Niyomthai Thanyathorn , Jongsomjit Bunjerd , Praserthdam Piyasan
Published: November 2018

The present research focuses on elucidating of the impact of Lewis acids including AlCl3 and FeCl2 addition on catalytic behaviors during ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization over the TiCl4/MgCl2/THF catalyst (Cat. A). In this study, the Cat. A with the absence and presence of Lewis acids was synthesized via the chemical route. Then, all catalyst samples were characterized and tested in the slurry polymerization. For ethylene polymerization, using the Cat. A with the presence of AlCl3 apparently gave the highest activity among other catalysts. In addition, the activity of catalysts tended to increase with the presence of the Lewis acids. This can be attributed to an enhancement of active center distribution by the addition of Lewis acids leading to larger amounts of the isolated Ti species. Moreover, with the presence of Lewis acids, the effect of hydrogen on the decreased activity was also less pronounced. Considering ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization, it revealed that the catalyst with the presence of mixed Lewis acids (AlCl3 + FeCl2) exhibited the highest activity. It is suggested that the presence of mixed Lewis acids possibly caused a change in acidity of active sites, which is suitable for copolymerization. However, activities of all catalysts in ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization were lower than those in ethylene polymerization. The effect of hydrogen on the decreased activity for both polymerization and copolymerization system was found to be similar with the presence of Lewis acids. Based on this study, it is quite promising to enhance the catalytic activity by addition of proper Lewis acids, especially when the pressure of hydrogen increases. The characteristics of polymers obtained upon the presence of Lewis acids will be discussed further in more detail.
Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity of ZnAl Layered Double Hydroxide by Incorporation of Co2+
Authors: Li Deyang , Fan Lihui , Qi Min , Shen Yanming , Liu Dongbin , Li Shifeng
Published: November 2018

Co-doped ZnAl layered double hydroxides (LDH) were papered by coprecipitation. The prepared samples were characterized by multiple techniques including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and UV−Vis Diffuse-Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV−Vis DRS). The incorporation of Co2+ into the ZnAl LDH sheets as CrO6 octahedron forms a new  energy level which contributes for the excitation of electrons under visible light. The doped Co2+ at a reasonable content also serves as photo-generated charges separator and improves the visible light photocatalytic activity of ZnAl LDH. A degradation mechanism based on the hydroxyl radical as the active species was proposed.
Highly Sensitive Electrocatalytic Determination of Formaldehyde Using a Ni/Ionic Liquid Modified Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode
Authors: Zarei Ebrahim , Jamali Mohammad Reza , Ahmadi Farideh
Published: November 2018

In this study, ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was applied as additives to fabricate a novel ionic liquid/carbon nanotube paste electrode (IL/CNPE). This electrode was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Results showed that the electron transfer rate and reversibility of the electrode were increased by the ionic liquid. The morpho-logy of prepared IL/CNPE was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Nickel/ionic liquid modified carbon nanotube paste electrode (Ni/IL/CNPE) was also constructed by immersion of the IL/CNPE in nickel sulfate solution. Ionic liquid showed significant effect on the accumulation of nickel species on the surface of the electrode. Also, the values of electron transfer coefficient, charge-transfer rate constant and electrode surface coverage for Ni(II)/Ni(III) redox couple of the Ni/IL/CNPE were found to be 0.32 and 2.37×10-1 s-1 and 2.74×10-8 mol.cm-2, respectively. The Ni/IL/CNPE was applied successfully to highly efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde in alkaline medium. The effects of various factors on the efficiency of electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde were optimized. Under the optimized condition, cyclic voltammetry of formaldehyde at the modified electrode exhibited two linear dynamic ranges in the concentration ranges of 7.00×10-6 to 9.60×10-5 mol.L-1 and 9.60×10-5 to 32.00×10-3 mol.L-1 with excellent detection limit of 9.50×10-7 mol.L-1 (3σ/slope), respectively. Also, the method was successfully applied for formaldehyde measurement in real sample.
The Effect of Aluminum Source on Performance of Beta-Zeolite as a Support for Hydrocracking Catalyst
Authors: Hadi Mina , Aghabozorg Hamid Reza , Bozorgzadeh Hamid Reza , Ghasemi Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2018

In this paper, three different kinds of aluminum sources (sodium aluminate, aluminum sulfate and aluminum isopropylate) were used for preparing of nano beta-zeolite. The as synthesized zeolites were mixed with the as prepared amorphous silica-alumina to produce the supports for hydrocracking catalyst. The prepared supports were used for preparation of NiMo/silica alumina-nano beta-zeolite by impregnation method. The influence of the aluminum source for preparation of beta-zeolite on the performance of the prepared catalysts has been studied. The samples were thoroughly characterized by X-Ray diffraction method (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET), temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) methods. The catalysts performance was evaluated by vacuum gas oil (VGO) hydrocracking at 390 oC in a fixed bed reactor. The XRD patterns showed that the beta-zeolite samples obtained from the present methods were pure and highly crystalline and the crystal size of the prepared zeolites were in nanometer scale. Crystallite size of nano beta-zeolite synthesized by aluminum isopropylate [Al(iPrO)3] was smaller than those of prepared by the other aluminum sources. The catalyst containing this zeolite with higher surface area (231 m2/g) and more available acid sites (1.66 mmol NH3/g) possessed higher activity and selectivity to gas oil (71.9 %).
Effect of Incorporating TiO2 Photocatalyst in PVDF Hollow Fibre Membrane for Photo-Assisted Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Abdullah Norashima , Ayodele Bamidele Victor , Wan Mansor Wan Nurdiyana , Abdullah Sureena
Published: November 2018

A rapid growth in populations, living standards and industries has become a key contribution to water pollution. Clean water is an important resource for life, sustainable development and ecosystems. This study therefore investigates the photocatalytic degradation of an organic pollutant (methylene blue) using PVDF/TiO2 membrane. The main objective of the study is to determine the synergistic effect of incorporating TiO2 photocatalyst into the PVDF membrane on the mineralization of the organic pollutants. The TiO2 photocatalyst was characterized using Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer, Emmettt, and Teller (BET), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. While the fabricated PVDF/TiO2 hollow fibre membranes were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle. The performance of the membrane was evaluated by photodegradation of methylene blue. The degradation study revealed that both the undoped PVDF and the TIO2 doped PVDF membrane were capable of degrading methylene blue. The performance of the membrane can be ranked as follows 9 wt% TiO2/PVDF > 6 wt% TiO2/PVDF > 3 wt% TiO2/PVDF > undoped PVDF showing the synergistic effect of incorporating the TiO2 photocatalyst into the PVDF membrane.  The kinetics data of obtained from the rate of degradation of the methylene blue fitted well into first order kinetic data with apparent kinetic constants of 0.0591, 0.0295, 0.0188, and 0.0100 obtained using pure membrane, undoped PVDF, 3 wt% TiO2/PVDF, 6 wt% TiO2/PVDF, and 9 wt% TiO2/PVDF, respectively.