bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Фотолюминесценция аморфных и кристаллических кремниевых нанокластеров в сверхрешетках из нитрида и оксида кремния
Authors: Шулейко Д.В. , Заботнов С.В. , Жигунов Д.М. , Зеленина А.А. , Каменских И.А. , Кашкаров П.К.
Published: February 2017

Исследованы фотолюминесцентные свойства сверхрешеток на основе нитрида и оксида кремния, изготовленных методом плазмохимического осаждения из газовой фазы. В структурах, отожженных при температуре 1150oC, зарегистрированы пики фотолюминесценции в районе 1.45 эВ, обусловленные рекомбинацией экситонов в кремниевых нанокристаллах, формируемых в результате отжига. Наряду с этим были зарегистрированы пики, вызванные рекомбинацией на дефектах, существующих на границе нанокристаллов и матрицы нитрида кремния. Структуры, отожженные при температуре 900oC, имеют ряд пиков фотолюминесценции в диапазоне 1.3-2.0 эВ, обусловленных как дефектами, так и рекомбинацией экситонов в аморфных кремниевых нанокластерах, формирующихся при используемой температуре отжига. Наблюдаемые особенности всех спектров фотолюминесценции подтверждаются характером ее кинетики. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.02.44106.8323
Упругие свойства монокристалла La-=SUB=-0.82-=/SUB=-Ca-=SUB=-0.18-=/SUB=-MnO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Зайнуллина Р.И. , Бебенин Н.Г. , Устинов В.В. , Шулятев Д.А.
Published: February 2017

Приведены результаты исследования температурных зависимостей скорости продольных звуковых волн и внутреннего трения монокристалла La0.82Ca0.18MnO3 с температурой Кюри TC=181 K. Показано, что при понижении температуры переход из псевдокубической O* в ян-теллеровскую O'-фазу происходит при T~254 K, а возвратный переход из O'- в O*-фазу --- при T~84 K. Установлено, что скорость звука и внутреннее трение в O'-фазе значительно меньше, чем в O*-фазе. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФАНО России (тема Спин" N 01201463330) при частичной поддержке проекта N 3.2076.2014/K госзадания Минобрнауки. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.02.44047.276
Влияние гамма-излучения малых доз на электрофизические свойства мезопористого кремния
Authors: Биленко Д.И. , Галушка В.В. , Жаркова Э.А. , Сидоров В.И. , Терин Д.В. , Хасина Е.И.
Published: February 2017

Исследовано влияние гамма-излучения малых экспозиционных доз (5-40 kR) на электрические характеристики структур на основе слоя мезопористого кремния (SiMP). Показано, что в структуре Al/SiMP/p-Si/Al воздействие гамма-квантов приводит к возрастанию проводимости слоя SiMP, смещению уровня Ферми, изменению концентрации ловушек. Обнаружена долговременная память стабильного переключенного состояния в области гистерезиса I-V-характеристики, управляемая дозой излучения. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.03.44228.16408
Структурообразование наносистем цинка при использовании мембран АОА
Authors: Корнющенко А.С. , Перекрестов В.И. , Наталич В.В. , Загайко И.В.
Published: February 2017

Предложен способ получения наносистем Zn при конденсации слабопересыщенных паров на систему мембрана анодно-окисленного алюминия (АОА) --- подложка (Si). Для эффективного проникновения паров Zn в глубь пор АОА параллельно образующим пор формировался направленный паровой поток, при этом температура внешней поверхности мембраны была выше температуры подложки. Слабые паровые потоки получены при магнетронном распылении Zn в высокочистой инертной среде. Определены оптимальные условия формирования наносистем Zn в виде массива упорядоченных островков на поверхности подложки и связанных нанонитей на поверхности мембраны. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.04.44303.16485
Corporate governance and financial performance of public listed companies in Malaysia
Authors: Lim Kwee Pheng , Ismail Hishammudin , Eze Uchena Cyril
Published: February 2017

This study investigates a link between corporate governance and ownership structures on firm performance of 293 companies listed on the Main and Second Board of Bursa Malaysia from 2000-2006. A dynamic panel system generalized method of moment technique is applied to control the endogeneity effect. After controlling for size, gearing, industry and time, this study finds significant positive relationships between institutional and foreign shareholdings using both market and accounting performance measures. These results imply their positive roles in constraining any opportunistic behavior of management. Interestingly, role duality (positions of Chairman and CEO were the same person) was observed to be negatively related to both performance measures, thus supporting the recommendation by Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG). However, contrary to agency theory and MCCG, firm performance decreases with the increase in proportion of independent directors in the board
Low-frequency variability of sea level along the Mid-Atlantic Coast of South America, in 1983
Authors: Filippo Alessandro , Kjerfve Björn , Torres Júnior Audálio Rebelo , Fernandes Alexandre Macedo
Published: February 2017

Meteorological events cause pronounced low-frequency sea level variations along the Mid-Atlantic coast of South America. Spectral analysis of hourlysea level data during 1983 from tide gauges at Puerto Madryn and Mar del Plata, Argentina, and Cananeia and Ilha Fiscal, Brazil, yielded energetic variance peaks withperiods between 2 and 28 days, with good coherence among the four gauges. These results suggest that coherent low-frequency sea level disturbances may propagatealong the Mid-Atlantic coast of South America towards the northeast, mostly as barotropic shelf waves. The principal long waves were identified with heights up to 1 m,periods of 7.8 and 9.0 days, with variances of 2.5-5.4 m2 and coherences in the order of 0.88 to 0.98. These long waves recur every 5-16 days, propagate towards theequator with an average phase speed of 11 m/s, and require 77 hours to travel the 3,010 km distance from Puerto Madryn to Ilha Fiscal.
Anthropometric and growth characteristics of schoolchildren in Novi Sad
Authors: Bjelanovic Jelena , Jevtic Marija , Velicki Radmila , Stojisavljevic Dragana , Barjaktarovic-Labovic Snezana , Popovic Milka , Bjelica Artur
Published: February 2017

Introduction/Objective. Growth, development and maturation are periods marked with individual physical characteristics, which provide the insight into the health status together with anthropometric indicators and physical appearance of an individual. The aim was to determine body height and body weight of a representative sample of schoolchildren from Novi Sad, to make a comparative analysis in relation to age and gender, and to determine the beginning of accelerated growth. Methods. Sample included 11,676 pupils aged 6?15 years, from Novi Sad, Serbia. The basic anthropometric measurements (body height and body weight) were performed according to recommended methodology. Results. The average values of boys? body height ranged from 125.39 cm in those aged up to six years, to 175.09 cm for boys aged 15, and in girls from 124.07 cm at the age of six, to 165.77 cm for the oldest examined girls. The average values of boys? body weight ranged from 25.58 kg at the age of six to 61.38 kg at the age of 15, and in girls from 23.94 kg in youngest to 54.46 kg, at the age of 15. The analysis of body weight and body height relation in the sample of boys and girls showed significant differences in all age groups, being most significant in boys aged from 11 to 13 years and in girls aged from nine to 12 years, marking the beginning of the rapid growth period. Conclusion. Having analyzed two basic anthropometric characteristics, i.e. body height and body weight, the authors found significant differences in the increase of these characteristics among the age groups of the study sample. In addition, the results of this research are in accordance with those reported in literature, which suggest that a sudden ponderal and statural growth starts earlier in girls than in boys.
Can segmental mobility be increased by cervical arthroplasty?
Authors: Chang Hsuan-Kan , Chang Chih-Chang , Tu Tsung-Hsi , Wu Jau-Ching , Huang Wen-Cheng , Fay Li-Yu , Chang Peng-Yuan , Wu Ching-Lan , Cheng Henrich
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

Many reports have successfully demonstrated that cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) can preserve range of motion after 1- or 2-level discectomy. However, few studies have addressed the extent of changes in segmental mobility after CDA or their clinical correlations.

METHODS

Data from consecutive patients who underwent 1-level CDA were retrospectively reviewed. Indications for surgery were medically intractable degenerative disc disease and spondylosis. Clinical outcomes, including visual analog scale (VAS)–measured neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, were analyzed. Radiographic outcomes, including C2–7 Cobb angle, the difference between pre- and postoperative C2–7 Cobb angle (ΔC2–7 Cobb angle), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), the difference between pre- and postoperative SVA (ΔSVA), segmental range of motion (ROM), and the difference between pre- and postoperative ROM (ΔROM), were assessed for their association with clinical outcomes. All patients underwent CT scanning, by which the presence and severity of heterotopic ossification (HO) were determined during the follow-up.

RESULTS

A total of 50 patients (mean age 45.6 ± 9.33 years) underwent a 1-level CDA (Prestige LP disc) and were followed up for a mean duration of 27.7 ± 8.76 months. All clinical outcomes, including VAS, NDI, and JOA scores, improved significantly after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative ROM values were similar (mean 9.5° vs 9.0°, p > 0.05) at each indexed level. The mean changes in segmental mobility (ΔROM) were −0.5° ± 6.13°. Patients with increased segmental mobility after surgery (ΔROM > 0°) had a lower incidence of HO and HO that was less severe (p = 0.048) than those whose ΔROM was < 0°. Segmental mobility (ROM) was significantly lower in patients with higher HO grade (p = 0.012), but it did not affect the clinical outcomes. The preoperative and postoperative C2–7 Cobb angles and SVA remained similar. The postoperative C2–7 Cobb angles, SVA, ΔC2–7 Cobb angles, and ΔSVA were not correlated to clinical outcomes after CDA.

CONCLUSIONS

Segmental mobility (as reflected by the mean ROM) and overall cervical alignment (i.e., mean SVA and C2–7 Cobb angle) had no significant impact on clinical outcomes after 1-level CDA. Patients with increased segmental mobility (ΔROM > 0°) had significantly less HO and similarly improved clinical outcomes than those with decreased segmental mobility (ΔROM < 0°).
Les Peniophoraceae des parties tempérées et froides de l'hémisphère nord (Basidiomycotina)
Authors: Boidin Jacques
Published: February 2017

Mise au point sur les Peniophoraceae str. sensu, c'est-à-dire à sporées roses ou orangées, à gloéo-ou sulfo-cystides, comprenant les genres Peniophora, Dendrophora et Duportella. Clé des 40 espèces de la zone nord non tropicale ; P. gilbertsonii nov. sp. ; cas de 4 «ultraspecies ».
Knowledge Management and Capacity Building in Higher Education Holds Key to the Development of a Nation
Authors: Baisya Rajat K.
Published: February 2017

There are many indicators of the health of a nation and that includes the quality of life and gross domestic product. However, the development can happen only through systematic creation and absorption of knowledge in a society which requires imparting quality education. The development of a nation depends on the human development index (HDI) of the people of the nation. The HDI is primarily dependent on the education and health of the citizen. While basic education which is offered compulsorily provides the foundation of the quality workforce engaged in productive work for creation of wealth for the nation but imparting newer knowledge offers competitive advantage over others. Better knowledge is thus essential to produce superior quality goods and services at lesser costs in a sustainable manner which provides competitive advantage in global trade and commerce and serves as the key driver to the development of a nation. Managing knowledge therefore, holds the key. Capacity building on the other hand, enables the society to accomplish a specific task and activity in a desired manner and hence it really required dissemination of knowledge through continuous training and re-training. Capacity building helps in maximising the social impact in terms of implementation of any new knowledge for common good of the society and also for the nation at large. Capacity building therefore, has to be undertaken with all seriousness as it is normally required to do for project, program and portfolio management. In this article an attempt has been made to discuss the key components of knowledge management as a task and how that help in the development process of a nation, a society and a region. The paper also discusses the impact of capacity building in higher education for the development of the society and how capacity building should be attempted in a specific area of higher learning for maximising the social impact.
Collaborative Outreach by Industries to Promote Education and Employment Leading to Regional Development
Authors: Easwaran S. S.
Published: February 2017

India is the third largest country in the higher education space with an unemployment rate of 4.8 percent. There is clear gap between academic deliverables and expectation from the employers and industries. Experimentation based learning is not leveraging actual knowledge as the process based learning happens while the candidate is on the job. The current employment greatly depends on the industry, academia, research and government sectors. To gain an entry in to each of these segments, the candidates need skillsets ranging from strong technical background, aptitude, communication skills, and working in teams. There are multiple ways through which the skill building is carried out by independent, government and industrial organizations. As an ecosystem, both academia and the industries should step forward to bridge the gap and utilize the human potential to the fullest to drive the growth of each industrial sector andthe region at large. This chapter outlines the outreach of industries through initiatives to bridge the gap between the academia and industry to promote regional growth. The opportunities, the gap that exists, various initiatives are discussed in detail.
Training Educational Researchers in Science and Mathematics
Authors: Ramírez-Montoya María-Soledad
Published: February 2017

This chapter presents a case study about the construction of knowledge that was generated through the project “Training directed to Researchers with Interest in Science and Mathematics Education”, where participating students had the experience of building knowledge by creating a research paper. The case presents theoretical conceptualizations of the construction of knowledge in doctoral programs students, contextual description of the project and its participants, the process of construction of knowledge by participating students through the workshop, the processes by participating teachers and the networking opportunities that arose from the project.
Blurring the Edges: Ricoeur and Rothko on Metaphorically Figuring the Non-Figural
Authors: Putt B. Keith
Published: February 2017

This essay examines Ricœur’s mimetic and transfigurative perspective on non-objective art and adopts it as an idiom for examining Mark Rothko’s artistic intention in the multiform canvases of his “classical” period from 1949 until his death in 1970. Rothko unequivocally denied being an abstractionist, a colorist, or a formalist, insisting, on the contrary, that he desired to communicate discrete dimensions of experience and emotions to his viewers, specifically, experiences of the sacred and the spiritual. His large canvases, with their blurred edges, force the spectator into an intimacy of experience that opens the potentiality of heterogeneous interpretations. In other words, one might consider his paintings to be metaphors of dense meanings that imitate reality, not through facile representation, but through a Kierkegaardian repetition of worlds that track Ricœur’s own ideas of prefiguration, configuration, and re-figuration. I contend in this essay that Rothko’s “abstract expressionism” adequately illustrates Ricœur’s contention that non-figurative art succeeds far better than representational art in refiguring new worlds of meaning.
L'unité de la “vaste sphère poétique”
Authors: Inizan Yvon
Published: February 2017

Existe-t-il dans l’œuvre de Paul Ricœur, comme on l’a dit, une forme de dissymétrie entre le champ de la métaphore et celui du récit? Dès La métaphore vive, la référence à Northrop Frye et à Nelson Goodman va permettre de ressaisir pleinement l’unité de la sphère poétique. La métaphore vive et Temps et récit sont alors présentés comme deux ouvrages jumeaux. Paul Ricœur explique notamment que la poésie lyrique a, elle-même, le pouvoir de produire une “mise en intrigue,” et, qu’en ce sens, “le sentiment articulé par le poème n’est pas moins heuristique que la fable tragique.” (La métaphore vive (Paris: Seuil, Points Essais 1997), 309.) En suivant certaines références faites dans ces deux livres jumeaux – où peut se lire la dialectique entre “découvrir et créer,” “trouver et projeter” (La métaphore vive, 387) –, il est alors possible de faire apparaître un fil conducteur des analyses où s’annonce, à titre de perspective, une pensée générale de l’acte créateur. L’œuvre d’art y devient expérience, épreuve d’une conception “tensionnelle” de la vérité, dialectique entre “expérience d’appartenance” et “pouvoir de distanciation.”
El fin de la historia: de la jubilación a la “emeritez”
Authors: De Diego García Emilio
Published: February 2017

En el último cuarto de siglo asistimos a una ofensiva que trata de lograr el, tan repetido, “fin de la historia” mediante su destrucción sistemática desde la negación de la sistematicidad. Por este camino se intenta negar la posibilidad del conocimiento histórico; acabar con el discurso historiográfico y apuntar un ámbito espacio-temporal inabordable en parámetros históricos. Este artículo repasa estas formulaciones y examina algunas posibles soluciones.
Productoras españolas en la red. Actividad en Twitter y Facebook
Authors: Deltell Escolar Luis , Clemente Mediavilla Jorge
Published: February 2017

Este artículo muestra las conclusiones de una investigación sobre las productoras españolas en los medios sociales más importantes: Twitter y Facebook. Para realizar este trabajo se monitorizó la actividad diaria de las cinco principales empresas (Telecinco Cinema, El Deseo, Tornasol Films, Castelao Pictures y Antena 3 Films) durante los meses de octubre, noviembre y diciembre de 2014. Se muestra cómo la actividad de estas compañías tanto en Twitter como en Facebook es muy baja y su alcance sólo relativo y puntual. De manera global, no ofrecen aspectos del paradigma de la autocomunicación de masas de Castells o de los nuevos modelos de comunidad líquida que plantea Bauman. Todo lo contrario, estas empresas mantienen un modelo tradicional que no ayuda a crear un debate y una promoción en la Red.
O CORPO NA OBRA DE MICHEL FOUCAULT E SUA PRESENÇA NO CAMPO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Barbosa Pietrine Paiva , Oliveira Nathália Rodrigues
Published: February 2017

Devido a crescente influência das Ciências Humanas na área da Educação Física que sempre se desenvolveu a partir dos ideais das Ciências Biológicas, passam a circular na área formas de se investigar o corpo que trazem em comum aspectos políticos, culturais e históricos. No bojo deste cenário encontra-se Michel Foucault. Este artigo investiga nas obras do mesmo e a partir de comentadores, como se dá a fundamentação do conceito de Corpo em seu pensamento. Entende-se a partir da análise, o Corpo como uma superfície material, concreta, na qual se instala diferentes formas de Sujeito fabricadas por tecnologias políticas específicas e históricas. Tal análise possui sua validade para uma melhor compreensão das problematizações realizadas no cenário contemporâneo da Educação Física. Palavras-chave: Corpo, Sujeito, Michel Foucault, Educação Física.
Alfabetização e ética: um trabalho interdisciplinar de formação docente e discente
Authors: Carneiro Ana Lúzia Magalhães
Published: February 2017

O trabalho sobre a temática da Ética proposto pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (1997) é essencial para o desenvolvimento da autonomia de crianças e adolescentes.  Entretanto, as dificuldades de aprendizagem principalmente no sistema público de educação, impõem práticas educativas focadas na leitura, escrita e cálculos básicos, em detrimento dos problemas da realidade das comunidades escolares. Quando as escolas decidem desenvolver projetos sobre as relações de desrespeito e o tipo de imagem que as crianças constroem de si e do “outro”, a área de História passa a assumir o trabalho de formação. Este artigo pretende discutir uma experiência vivenciada por professores e alunos dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, na qual a alfabetização e a ética constituíram-se como eixos para o desenvolvimento de um projeto de formação/ação docente e discente.
The Lagarde Prosecution: Will the Decision Be a Blow to Finality in Investor‐State Arbitration?
Authors: Reisenfeld Kenneth B. , Robbins Joshua M.
Published: February 2017

On Dec. 19, 2016, International Monetary Fund Managing Director Christine Lagarde was convicted of criminal negligence for failing, as French finance minister, to appeal an adverse arbitration award against a French government‐owned company. See Landon Thomas Jr., Liz Alderman & Aurelien Breeden, “I.M.F. Stands by Christine Lagarde, Convicted of Negligence,” N.Y. Times B1 (Dec. 20, 016)(available at http://nyti.ms/2h3qySj). She had faced similar charges for agreeing to refer the company's dispute to arbitration in the first place, but was acquitted.
One‐Pot N‐Deprotection and Catalytic Intramolecular Asymmetric Reductive Amination for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Zhou Huan , Liu Yuan , Yang Suhua , Zhou Le , Chang Mingxin
Published: February 2017

A one‐pot N‐Boc deprotection and catalytic intramolecular reductive amination protocol for the preparation of enantiomerically pure tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids is described. The iodine‐bridged dimeric iridium complexes displayed superb stereoselectivity to give tetrahydroisoquinolines, including several key pharmaceutical drug intermediates, in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Three additives played important roles in this reaction: Titanium(IV) isopropoxide and molecular iodine accelerated the transformation of the intermediate imine to the tetrahydroisoquinoline product; p‐toluenesulfonic acid contributed to the stereocontrol.
Chemical Synthesis of Diubiquitin‐Based Photoaffinity Probes for Selectively Profiling Ubiquitin‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Liang Jun , Zhang Lin , Tan Xiang‐Long , Qi Yun‐Kun , Feng Shan , Deng Haiteng , Yan Yijing , Zheng Ji‐Shen , Liu Lei , Tian Chang‐Lin
Published: February 2017

Biochemical studies of cellular processes involving polyubiquitin have gained increasing attention. More tools are needed to identify ubiquitin (Ub)‐binding proteins. We report diazirine‐based photoaffinity probes that can capture Ub‐binding proteins in cell lysates, and show that diazirines are preferable to aryl azides as the photo‐crosslinking group, since they decrease non‐selective capture. Photoaffinity probes containing at least two Ub units were required to effectively capture Ub‐binding proteins. Different capture selectivity was observed for probes containing diubiquitin moieties with different types of linkages, thus indicating the potential to develop linkage‐dependent probes for selectively profiling Ub‐binding proteins under various cellular conditions.
Supramolecular Vesicles Coassembled from Disulfide‐Linked Benzimidazolium Amphiphiles and Carboxylate‐Substituted Pillar[6]arenes that Are Responsive to Five Stimuli
Authors: Jiang Long , Huang Xuan , Chen Dong , Yan Hua , Li Xueyuan , Du Xuezhong
Published: February 2017

Novel supramolecular vesicles based on host–guest systems were coassembled from carboxylate‐substituted pillar[6]arene (CPA[6]) and disulfide‐linked benzimidazolium amphiphiles, and the microstructures of the CPA‐based supramolecular vesicles were clearly elaborated. The supramolecular vesicles showed controlled drug release in response to five stimuli, with glutathione, pH, CO2, Zn2+ ions, and hexanediamine, leading to cleavage of the disulfide bonds, protonation of the carboxylate groups, metal chelation, and competitive binding. This is the first case of a smart pillararene‐based supramolecular vesicle being integrated with five stimuli‐responsive functions to meet the diverse requirements of controlled drug release. Importantly, each of the five stimuli is closely related to microenvironments of tumors and diseases of the human body. The smart stimuli‐responsive supramolecular vesicles have promising applications in drug therapy of tumors and relevant diseases.
NHC‐Mediated Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines and Their Photophysical Investigations
Authors: Krishnan Jagadeesh , Vedhanarayanan Balaraman , Sasidhar B.S. , Varughese Sunil , Nair Vijay
Published: February 2017

An NHC‐mediated synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline and indolizine derivatives with potential biological activity is reported (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene). The preliminary photophysical studies of such compounds reveal that they have potential application in the sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Event‐triggered PCS Based Trajectory Tracking Control of Systems with Perturbation
Authors: Song Chengcheng , Wang Haoping , Tian Yang , Christov Nicolai
Published: February 2017

This paper is aimed at reducing network load for saving bandwidth by designing appropriate trigger signals that decide when the transmission should be done. An event‐triggered piecewise continuous systems (PCS) based control for time‐varying trajectory tracking is proposed. By designing the sensor system and controller system, the communication between them is reduced while still retaining a satisfactory closed‐loop behavior of the whole system. The major idea behind a designed sensor system is the use of a Luenberger observer and planning of event‐triggered mechanism (ETM). The main principle behind the designed controller system is the proposal of a new event‐triggered PCS based controller. The development is motivated by consideration of variable network induced time delays. Tracking error is proved to be norm‐bounded in both the original and developed case. Finally, to show the proposed method's performance, we present the simulation results for a mobile cart.
Modellierung und Optimierung von Mischgebieten
Authors: Schiefelbein Jan , Javadi Amir , Fuchs Marcus , Müller Dirk , Monti Antonello , Diekerhof Michael
Published: February 2017

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Erstellung eines Planungshilfsmittels für Mischquartiere im Kontext des Projekts „EnEff:Stadt – Bottrop, Welheimer Mark”. Bei der Welheimer Mark handelt es sich um ein Mischgebiet innerhalb der InnovationCity Ruhr in Bottrop. Ziel war die energetische Optimierung des Quartiers zur Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen. Hierfür wurden Methoden zur Modellierung von komplexen Quartieren entwickelt und auf die Welheimer Mark angewandt. Simulierte thermische und elektrische Bedarfswerte einer Wohnsiedlung wichen um 6,4 % von den Verbrauchswerten ab. Während für die elektrische Profilgenerierung von Nichtwohngebäuden kein hinreichendes, vereinfachtes Verfahren identifiziert wurde, wies die Methodik zur Erzeugung thermischer Lastprofile eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen generierten und gemessenen Profilen auf. Aus einer Optimierung gingen Vorschläge für eine verbesserte Energieanlagenverteilung hervor. Bei moderaten Kostensteigerungen von 6 % bis 11 % wäre eine Reduktion von CO2‐Emissionen um bis zu 50 % in bestimmten Bereichen der Welheimer Mark möglich.
Chemical Variability and Biological Activities of Brassica rapa var. rapifera Parts Essential Oils Depending on Geographic Variation and Extraction Technique
Authors: Saka Boualem , Djouahri Abderrahmane , Djerrad Zineb , Terfi Souhila , Aberrane Sihem , Sabaou Nasserdine , Baaliouamer Aoumeur , Boudarene Lynda
Published: February 2017

In the present work, the Brassica rapa var. rapifera parts essential oils and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated for the first time depending on geographic origin and extraction technique. Gas‐chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) analyses showed several constituents, including alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, norisoprenoids, terpenic, nitrogen and sulphur compounds, totalizing 38 and 41 compounds in leaves and root essential oils, respectively. Nitrogen compounds were the main volatiles in leaves essential oils and sulphur compounds were the main volatiles in root essential oils. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found among B. rapa var. rapifera parts essential oils collected from different locations and extracted by hydrodistillation and microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation techniques. Furthermore, our findings showed a high variability for both antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The highlighted variability reflects the high impact of plant part, geographic variation and extraction technique on chemical composition and biological activities, which led to conclude that we should select essential oils to be investigated carefully depending on these factors, in order to isolate the bioactive components or to have the best quality of essential oil in terms of biological activities and preventive effects in food.
Investigating Validity Evidence for the ETS® Proficiency Profile
Authors: Roohr Katrina Crotts , Liu Ou Lydia , Liu Huili
Published: February 2017

The ETS® Proficiency Profile (EPP), a college‐level assessment, has been widely used to evaluate general education student learning outcomes (SLOs) in college. The purpose of this study was to investigate validity evidence for the EPP by evaluating the relationship with outcomes such as student retention, cumulative grade point average (GPA), and degree attainment, and by investigating differential validity across subgroups and cross‐sectional learning gains. Three main conclusions were drawn from this study: (a) Students made significant learning gains from freshman to senior year using EPP scores; (b) freshman scores showed modest relationships with cumulative GPA at various points in college and senior scores showed strong relations with final‐year cumulative GPA; and (c) differential validity was found across gender, race, and college major when looking at the relationship between EPP scores and first‐year and sophomore GPA. Implications of these results are discussed.
Performance of Non‐Destructive Compressive Seals for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Aicart J. , Kuhn J. , Kesler O.
Published: February 2017

Contrary to hardened glass ceramics, compressive non‐destructive seals for solid oxide cells (SOCs) could enable stack repairs without utilizing destructive separation methods. In light of increasing interest for high temperature steam electrolysis and energy storage, the performances of two commercially available compressive materials were investigated in humidified gas conditions: Thermiculite‐866 and AFS‐170 alumina felts. Mass loss and thermogravimetric (TGA) experiments carried out in inert, oxidizing, and reducing atmospheres at 800 °C showed no influence of the atmosphere on the alumina felts, and a reversible redox behavior for Thermiculite‐866. Thermiculite‐866 showed better cyclability compared to AFS‐170 during SOC thermal cycling experiments. Initial open circuit voltages in dry H2 were measured and compared to those obtained with commercial mica seals. The highest were recorded with Thermiculite‐866, followed by mica and AFS‐170. The species outgassed by Thermiculite‐866 were quantified, and fluorine was found to be the main component released at 800 °C.
Corrosion of the galvanizing of galvanized‐steel electricity transmission towers
Authors: Rodger J. , Bartlett S. , Atrens A.
Published: February 2017

The remaining galvanizing layer thicknesses were measured on a selection of towers in the local Brisbane area. The galvanized steel members of the electricity transmission towers in the local area have large remaining galvanizing layer thicknesses. The measured local zinc corrosion rate of 0.18 μm per year was small compared to the data scatter of measured galvanizing layer thicknesses, and was consistent with the low expected zinc corrosion rate of 0.1–4 μm per year. The remaining galvanizing layer is expected to last over 20 years.
Highly thermostable and crystalline poly(butylene adipate) bionanocomposites prepared by in situ polycondensation with organically modified Moroccan beidellite clay
Authors: Ilsouk Mohamed , Raihane Mustapha , Castelvetro Valter , Lahcini Mohammed , Bronco Simona , Rhouta Benaissa , Bianchi Sabrina , Conzatti Lucia
Published: February 2017

Bionancomposites from bioplastics and nanoclays are of great interest for packaging, agricultural and other large‐volume and niche applications due to their enhanced physical, thermal, mechanical and processing characteristics compared to the parent polymer. In this study, the biodegradable polyester poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) was synthesized by in situ polycondensation catalysed by titanium tetrabutoxide in the presence of the natural Moroccan clay beidellite (BDT). Optimization of the nanoclay exfoliation in the bionanocomposite was achieved by cation exchange of BDT with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTA) and by selecting the most effective among a range of organically modified xCTA‐BDT (x = CTA/BDT equivalent feed ratio). Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectral and size exclusion chromatographic analyses confirmed the effectiveness of the in situ polymerization, yielding structurally regular PBA with narrow molecular weight dispersity and 7750 < < 30 360 g mol−1, depending on the organoclay load. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed best clay dispersion and homogeneous distribution at 2 wt% 3CTA‐BDT. From thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results the thermal stability of PBA is greatly improved even at 1 wt% 3CTA‐BDT, its glass transition temperature is nearly unaffected while crystallinity is increased by the organoclay nucleating action. These results, along with a bionanocomposite hydrophilicity only moderately higher than that of PBA, make this preparation approach particularly promising. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Time, space, and disorder in the expanding proteome universe
Authors: Minde David‐Paul , Dunker A. Keith , Lilley Kathryn S.
Published: February 2017

Proteins are highly dynamic entities. Their myriad functions require specific structures, but proteins’ dynamic nature ranges all the way from the local mobility of their amino acid constituents to mobility within and well beyond single cells. A truly comprehensive view of the dynamic structural proteome includes: (i) alternative sequences, (ii) alternative conformations, (iii) alternative interactions with a range of biomolecules, (iv) cellular localizations, (v) alternative behaviors in different cell types. While these aspects have traditionally been explored one protein at a time, we highlight recently emerging global approaches that accelerate comprehensive insights into these facets of the dynamic nature of protein structure. Computational tools that integrate and expand on multiple orthogonal data types promise to enable the transition from a disjointed list of static snapshots to a structurally explicit understanding of the dynamics of cellular mechanisms.
Asteroids
Authors: Burbine Thomas H.
Published: February 2017

Asteroid science is a fundamental topic in planetary science and is key to furthering our understanding of planetary formation and the evolution of the Solar System. Ground-based observations and missions have provided a wealth of new data in recent years, and forthcoming missions promise further exciting results. This accessible book presents a comprehensive introduction to asteroid science, summarising the astronomical and geological characteristics of asteroids. The interdisciplinary nature of asteroid science is reflected in the broad range of topics covered, including asteroid and meteorite classification, chemical and physical properties of asteroids, observational techniques, cratering, and the discovery of asteroids and how they are named. Other chapters discuss past, present and future space missions and the threat that these bodies pose for Earth. Based on an upper-level course on asteroids and meteorites taught by the author, this book is ideal for students, researchers and professional scientists looking for an overview of asteroid science.
Photoinduced molecular chirality probed by ultrafast resonant X-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Rouxel Jérémy R. , Kowalewski Markus , Mukamel Shaul
Published: February 2017

Recently developed circularly polarized X-ray light sources can probe the ultrafast chiral electronic and nuclear dynamics through spatially localized resonant core transitions. We present simulations of time-resolved circular dichroism signals given by the difference of left and right circularly polarized X-ray probe transmission following an excitation by a circularly polarized optical pump with the variable time delay. Application is made to formamide which is achiral in the ground state and assumes two chiral geometries upon optical excitation to the first valence excited state. Probes resonant with various K-edges (C, N, and O) provide different local windows onto the parity breaking geometry change thus revealing the enantiomer asymmetry.
Process development of starch hydrolysis using mixing characteristics of Taylor vortices
Authors: Masuda Hayato , Horie Takafumi , Hubacz Robert , Ohmura Naoto , Shimoyamada Makoto
Published: February 2017

In food industries, enzymatic starch hydrolysis is an important process that consists of two steps: gelatinization and saccharification. One of the major difficulties in designing the starch hydrolysis process is the sharp change in its rheological properties. In this study, Taylor–Couette flow reactor was applied to continuous starch hydrolysis process. The concentration of reducing sugar produced via enzymatic hydrolysis was evaluated by varying operational variables: rotational speed of the inner cylinder, axial velocity (reaction time), amount of enzyme, and initial starch content in the slurry. When Taylor vortices were formed in the annular space, efficient hydrolysis occurred because Taylor vortices improved the mixing of gelatinized starch with enzyme. Furthermore, a modified inner cylinder was proposed, and its mixing performance was numerically investigated. The modified inner cylinder showed higher potential for enhanced mixing of gelatinized starch and the enzyme than the conventional cylinder.
Differential Distribution of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus-Related Sequences in the DNA’s of Rats2
Authors: Drohan W. , Schlom J.
Published: February 2017

Radioactively labeled mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) 60-70S RNA, obtained from virions grown In both murine and feline cells, was employed In molecular hybridization experiments to detect MuMTV-related sequences In the DNA’s of rats (Rattus norveglcus). With the use of relaxed conditions of hybridization and assay for RNA-DNA duplexes, all strains of laboratory rats and feral rats examined were shown to possess endogenous MuMTV-related DNA sequences In the low repetitive range. These sequences were related to approximately 20% of the MuMTV genome and exhibited a melting temperature (Tm) approximately 5° C lower than MuMTV-specific proviral sequences In murine (Mus musculus) DNA’s. Certain colonies of the F344 strain of rat (Fischer) contained animals whose DNA’s possessed additional MuMTV-related sequences. These sequences were related to the non-germ-line-transmitted, tumorassociated (TA) sequences of the highly oncogenic MuMTV (C3H). They were found In the DNA of some F344 rats and a cloned established F344 rat embryo cell line at a frequency of approximately one copy per haploid genome and exhibited a Tm 9° C lower than that of hybrid duplexes formed between radioactive MuMTV TA-sequence RNA and C3H mouse mammary tumor DNA. The DNA’s of rats, therefore, contained two sets of sequences that were related to sequences of the MuMTV genome: One set was germ-line transmitted, whereas the other set appeared to be transmitted in some rats via a non-germ line or infectious process.
Tectonothermal Evolution of the Middle Crust in the Trans-Hudson Orogen, Baffin Island, Canada: Evidence from Petrology and Monazite Geochronology of Sillimanite-bearing Migmatites
Authors: Skipton D. R. , St-Onge M. R. , Schneider D. A. , McFarlane C. R. M.
Published: February 2017

Hall Peninsula, on SE Baffin Island, Canada, exposes a lithologically diverse mid-crustal section of the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Hudson Orogen, which features Paleoproterozoic supracrustal strata overlying Archean crystalline basement. Recent mapping, combined with petrological studies and U–Pb monazite dating, provides new insights into the tectonothermal history of the internal zone of the orogen, as well as mid-crustal orogenic processes in general. Peak metamorphic grade is constrained to progressively increase westward from mid-amphibolite- to granulite-facies conditions and three regional deformation events are recognized: east-directed thin-skinned crustal shortening (D 1 ); east-vergent, thick-skinned thrusting and folding (D 2 ); late-orogenic, north–south-directed, thick-skinned folding (D 3 ). Equilibrium phase diagram modeling constrained by garnet compositional transects in pelite indicates peak mid-amphibolite-facies conditions on the eastern peninsula of ∼720–740°C and 6·25–7·25 kbar, followed by cooling and late muscovite growth. In accordance with field evidence for extensive biotite dehydration melting, peak metamorphic conditions of granulite-facies pelite on the western peninsula are estimated at ∼810–890°C and ∼6·1–7·35 kbar. In situ U–Pb monazite geochronology (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) constrains the timing of peak metamorphism and concurrent D 1 deformation throughout the peninsula to between c. 1850 and 1825 Ma, coincident with the accretion of crustal blocks and arc terranes during the amalgamation of the orogenic upper plate. A younger population of c. 1800 Ma monazite implies fluid-assisted dissolution–reprecipitation of older monazite, possibly related to the terminal collision of the amalgamated upper plate Churchill domain with the lower plate Superior craton. Combined with published observations, the integrated geochronological and petrological data suggest that the crustal section exposed on Hall Peninsula remained at elevated temperatures (>550°C) for ∼100 Myr after the thermal peak. Despite significant crustal thickening and sustained high temperatures, which are comparable with those of large, hot orogens, the crustal section records no evidence of mid-crustal ductile (channel) flow or rapid exhumation during orogenic collapse.
Meningitis due to Moraxella nonliquefaciens in a paediatric patient: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kao Carol , Szymczak Wendy , Munjal Iona
Published: February 2017

Introduction.
Moraxella nonliquefaciens is an unusual organism to be isolated from cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and there exists only one case report of M. nonliquefaciens meningitis from a neonate. Moraxella species normally exist as part of the human upper respiratory tract flora and rarely cause invasive human disease. There are only a handful of case reports implicating the organism as a cause of endocarditis, bacteraemia, septic arthritis and endophthalmitis. Identification to the species level based on routine laboratory techniques has been challenging, with final identification often made through 16S rRNA sequencing. With the use of a newer diagnostic tool, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS, we were able to rapidly identify the organism and initiate appropriate treatment.

Case presentation. We present a rare care of M. nonliquefaciens meningitis in a paediatric patient with an underlying cranial anatomical defect due to Crouzon syndrome. She had been admitted to hospital 3 months previously with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis and mastoiditis, and returned to the emergency department with meningismus. CSF culture grew M. nonliquefaciens. She was treated with ceftriaxone with rapid improvement and eventually was taken for endoscopic surgical repair of a right encephalocele defect.

Conclusion. The use of MALDI-TOF MS allowed for the rapid identification of the organism. The patient recovered with appropriate antimicrobial therapy and eventual surgical correction. An underlying anatomical defect should be considered in all patients who present with meningitis due to this unusual organism.
Genetic Methods for Studying Yeast Prions
Authors: Wickner Reed B. , Edskes Herman K. , Kryndushkin Dmitry , Shewmaker Frank P.
Published: February 2017

The recognition that certain long-known nonchromosomal genetic elements were actually prions was based not on the specific phenotypic manifestations of those elements, but rather on their unusual genetic properties. Here, we outline methods of prion assay, methods for showing the nonchromosomal inheritance, and methods for determining whether a nonchromosomal trait has the unusual characteristics diagnostic of a prion. Finally, we discuss genetic methods often useful in the study of yeast prions.
Isolation and Analysis of Prion and Amyloid Aggregates from Yeast Cells
Authors: Kryndushkin Dmitry , Pripuzova Natalia , Shewmaker Frank P.
Published: February 2017

Amyloid fibers are large and extremely stable structures that can resist denaturation by strong anionic detergents, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or sarkosyl. Here, we present two complementary analytical methods that exploit these properties, enabling the isolation and characterization of amyloid/prion aggregates. The first technique, known as semidenaturating detergent agarose gel electrophoresis, is an immunoblotting technique, conceptually similar to conventional western blotting. It enables the targeted identification of large detergent-resistant protein aggregates using antibodies specific to the protein of interest. The second method, called the technique for amyloid purification and identification, is a nontargeted approach that can isolate amyloid aggregates for analysis by tandem mass spectrometry. The latter approach requires no special genetic tools or antibodies, and can identify amyloid-forming proteins, such as prions, as well as proteins tightly associated with amyloid, from a variety of cell sources.
Hypercholesterolaemia screening in Type 1 diabetes: a difference of opinion
Authors: Candler T. , Mahmoud O. , Edge J. , Hamilton‐Shield J.
Published: February 2017

Aim

To assess cholesterol screening of children with Type 1 diabetes by diabetes professionals using a survey of current practice, given that National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidelines on childhood Type 1 diabetes do not recommend cholesterol screening, yet the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit has an annual cholesterol measure (> 12 years) as a key outcome indicator.

Methods

An online survey was sent to 280 members of the Association of Children's Diabetes Clinicians to assess cholesterol screening practice in children.

Results

A total of 87 diabetes professionals (31%) responded. The results showed that 94% of respondents measured cholesterol, 33% did this annually on all children, and 7% measured fasting cholesterol. A total of 63% used no guidelines to decide treatment or further investigation. The definition of ‘high’ cholesterol varied from > 4.5 to > 8 mmol/l, with 40% giving no response or specific level. Only 14% of clinicians had started statin therapy in their diabetes clinic in the previous 5 years.

Conclusion

Whilst the majority of diabetes professionals measured cholesterol in children with Type 1 diabetes, there was marked variability in sampling, in children screened and in action taken if levels were considered abnormal. It is debatable whether cholesterol measures should be undertaken, certainly more than once, and whether cholesterol level should feature as a key outcome in the national audit in future.