bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian approach to modeling antimicrobial multidrug resistance
Authors: Zhang Min , Wang Chong , O’Connor Annette
Published: December 2021

Multidrug resistance (MDR) has been a significant threat to public health and effective treatment of bacterial infections. Current identification of MDR is primarily based upon the large proportions of isolates resistant to multiple antibiotics simultaneously, and therefore is a belated evaluation. For bacteria with MDR, we expect to see strong correlations in both the quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the binary susceptibility as classified by the pre-determined breakpoints. Being able to detect correlations from these two perspectives allows us to find multidrug resistant bacteria proactively. In this paper, we provide a Bayesian framework that estimates the resistance level jointly for antibiotics belonging to different classes with a Gaussian mixture model, where the correlation in the latent MIC can be inferred from the Gaussian parameters and the correlation in binary susceptibility can be inferred from the mixing weights. By augmenting the laboratory measurement with the latent MIC variable to account for the censored data, and by adopting the latent class variable to represent the MIC components, our model was shown to be accurate and robust compared with the current assessment of correlations. Applying the model to Salmonella heidelberg samples isolated from human participants in National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) provides us with signs of joint resistance to Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid & Cephalothin and joint resistance to Ampicillin & Cephalothin. Large correlations estimated from our model could serve as a timely tool for early detection of MDR, and hence a signal for clinical intervention.
Influence of scattered trees in grazing areas on soil properties in the Piedmont region of the Colombian Amazon
Authors: Álvarez Faver , Casanoves Fernando , Suárez Juan Carlos
Published: December 2021

Trees dispersed in grazing areas are contribute to the sustainability of livestock systems. The interactions between trees and soil are ecological processes that allow the modification of the biology, fertility, and physics of the soil. This study was aimed to assess the influence of dispersed trees in pastures on soil properties in grazing areas for dual-purpose cattle systems in the Piedmont region of the Colombian Amazon. The work was done in grazing areas with scattered trees at the Centro de Investigaciones Amazónicas CIMAZ–Macagual in Florencia—Caquetá—Colombia. We evaluated the effect of five tree species,Andira inermis,Bellucia pentámera,Guarea Guidonia,Psidium guajavaandZygia longifolia, on soil properties (up to 30 cm soil depth) under and outside the influence of the crown. Under the tree crown, three points were systematically taken in different cardinal positions. This was done at a distance corresponding to half the radius of the tree crown. The sampling points in the open pasture area (out of crown) were made in the same way, but at 15 m from the crown border. The ANOVA showed significant interaction (P < 0.0001) between tree species and location for macrofauna abundance up to 30 cm soil depth. For this reason, we performed the comparison between locations for each tree species. Chemical soil variables up to 10 cm soil depth only showed interaction of tree species-location for exchangeable potassium (P = 0.0004). Soil physical soil characteristics up to 30 cm soil depth only showed interaction of tree species-location at 20 cm soil depth (P = 0.0003). The principal component analysis for soil properties explained 61.1% of the total variability of the data with the two first axes. Using Monte Carlo test, we found crown effect for all species. Trees help to control exchangeable mineral elements that can affect the soil, potentiate basic cations such as magnesium and potassium, increase the abundance of soil macrofauna; but some trees with high ground level of shade in grazing areas could increase soil compaction due to the greater concentration of cattle in these areas.
Longitudinal geo-referenced field evidence for the heightened BMI responsiveness of obese women to price discounts on carbonated soft drinks
Authors: Wu Yun-Hsuan , Moore Spencer , Ma Yu , Dube Laurette
Published: December 2021

There is increasing interest in the effect that food environments may have on obesity, particularly through mechanisms related to the marketing and consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods and sugary beverages. Price promotions, such as temporary price discounts, have been particularly effective in the marketing of carbonated soft drinks (CSDs) among consumers. Research has also suggested that the purchasing behavior of consumer groups may be differentially sensitive to price discounts on CSDs, with obese women particularly sensitive. In addition, the intensity of price discount in a person’s food environment may also vary across geography and over time. This study examines whether the weight change of obese women, compared to overweight or normal BMI women, is more sensitive to the intensity of price discounts on CSDs in the food environment. This study used longitudinal survey data from 1622 women in the Montreal Neighborhood Networks and Health Aging (MoNNET-HA) Panel. Women were asked to report their height and weight in 2008, 2010 and 2013 in order to calculate women’s BMI in 2008 and their change of weight between 2008 and 2013. Women’s exposure to an unhealthy food environment was based on the frequency in which their neighborhood food stores placed price discounts on CSDs in 2008. The price discount frequency on CSDs within women’s neighborhoods was calculated from Nielsen point-of sales transaction data in 2008 and geocoded to participant’s forward sortation area. The prevalence of obesity and overweight among MoNNET-HA female participants was 18.3% in 2008, 19.9% in 2010 and 20.7% in 2013 respectively. Results showed that among obese women, exposure to unhealthy food environments was associated with a 3.25 kilogram (SE = 1.35, p-value = 0.02) weight gain over the five-year study period. Exposure to price discounts on CSDs may disproportionately affect and reinforce weight gain in women who are already obese.
Computed tomography with 6-year follow-up demonstrates the evolution of HTLV-1 related lung injuries: A cohort study
Authors: Dias Apio Ricardo Nazareth , Vieira Waldonio de Brito , Normando Valéria Marques Ferreira , Franco Karen Margarete Vieira da Silva , Falcão Aline Semblano Carreira , de Sousa Rita Catarina Medeiros , Fuzii Hellen Thais , Falcão Luiz Fábio Magno , Quaresma Juarez Antônio Simões
Published: December 2021

Previous observational studies have demonstrated the development of pulmonary impairments in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infected individuals. The main observed lesions due to chronic inflammation of viral infection in situ are bronchiectasis and lung-scarring injuries. This lung inflammation may be the causal agent of restrictive and obstructive lung diseases, primarily in tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP-HAM) patients. We conducted a prospective cohort study to compare spirometry and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings among 28 HTLV-1-carrier patients over the course of 6 years (2014–2019) (male/female: 7/21; mean age: 54.7 ± 9.5, range: 41–68 years). Chest HRCT exams revealed the development and evolution of lung lesions related to TSP-HAM: including centrilobular nodules, parenchymal bands, lung cysts, bronchiectasis, ground-glass opacity, mosaic attenuation, and pleural thickening. Spirometry exams showed maintenance of respiratory function, with few alterations in parameters suggestive of obstructive and restrictive disorders primarily in individuals with lung lesions and TSP-HAM. The findings of the present study indicate that pulmonary disease related to HTLV-1 is a progressive disease, with development of new lung lesions, mainly in individuals with TSP-HAM. To improve clinical management of these individuals, we recommend that individuals diagnosed with PET-MAH undergo pulmonary evaluation.
Cultural differences in social support seeking: The mediating role of empathic concern
Authors: Zheng Shaofeng , Masuda Takahiko , Matsunaga Masahiro , Noguchi Yasuki , Ohtsubo Yohsuke , Yamasue Hidenori , Ishii Keiko
Published: December 2021

Prior research has found that East Asians are less willing than Westerners to seek social support in times of need. What factors account for this cultural difference? Whereas previous research has examined the mediating effect of relational concern, we predicted that empathic concern, which refers to feeling sympathy and concern for people in need and varies by individuals from different cultures, would promote support seeking. We tested the prediction in two studies. In Study 1, European Canadians reported higher empathic concern and a higher frequency of support seeking, compared to the Japanese participants. As predicted, cultural differences in social support seeking were influenced by empathic concern. In Study 2, both empathic concern and relational concern mediated cultural differences in support seeking. Japanese with lower empathic concern but higher relational concern were more reluctant than European Americans to seek social support during stressful times. Finally, loneliness, which was more prevalent among the Japanese than among the European Americans, was partially explained by social support seeking.
Reversion mutations in phosphoprotein P of a codon-pair-deoptimized human respiratory syncytial virus confer increased transcription, immunogenicity, and genetic stability without loss of attenuation
Authors: Chen Jessica W. , Yang Lijuan , Santos Celia , Hassan Sergio A. , Collins Peter L. , Buchholz Ursula J. , Le Nouën Cyril
Published: December 2021

Recoding viral genomes by introducing numerous synonymous nucleotide substitutions that create suboptimal codon pairs provides new live-attenuated vaccine candidates. Because recoding typically involves a large number of nucleotide substitutions, the risk of de-attenuation is presumed to be low. However, this has not been thoroughly studied. We previously generated human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in which the NS1, NS2, N, P, M and SH ORFs were codon-pair deoptimized (CPD) by 695 synonymous nucleotide changes (Min A virus). Min A exhibited a global reduction in transcription and protein synthesis, was restricted for replication in vitro and in vivo, and exhibited moderate temperature sensitivity. Here, we show that under selective pressure by serial passage at progressively increasing temperatures, Min A regained replication fitness and lost its temperature sensitivity. Whole-genome deep sequencing identified numerous missense mutations in several genes, in particular ones accumulating between codons 25 and 34 of the phosphoprotein (P), a polymerase cofactor and chaperone. When re-introduced into Min A, these P mutations restored viral transcription to wt level, resulting in increased protein expression and RNA replication. Molecular dynamic simulations suggested that these P mutations increased the flexibility of the N-terminal domain of P, which might facilitate its interaction with the nucleoprotein N, and increase the functional efficiency of the RSV transcription/replication complex. Finally, we evaluated the effect of the P mutations on Min A replication and immunogenicity in hamsters. Mutation P[F28V] paradoxically reduced Min A replication but not its immunogenicity. The further addition of one missense mutation each in M and L generated a version of Min A with increased genetic stability. Thus, this study provides further insight into the adaptability of large-scale recoded RNA viruses under selective pressure and identified an improved CPD RSV vaccine candidate.
Seasonal Variability of The Mixed Layer Depth in The Sulawesi Sea
Authors: Iskandar Mochamad Riza , Wardhani Prima Wira Kusuma , Suga Toshio
Published: December 2021

The Sulawesi Sea is a semi-enclosed basin located in the Indonesian Seas and considered as the one of location in the west route of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). There is less attention on the mixed layer depth investigation in the Sulawesi Sea. Concerning that the mixed layer plays an important role in influencing the ocean in air-sea interaction and affects biological activity, the estimation of mixed layer depth (MLD) in the Sulawesi Sea is important. Seasonal variation of the mixed layer in the Sulawesi Sea between 115°-125°E and 0°-8°N is estimated by using World Ocean Atlas 2013. Forcing elements on the mixed layer in terms of surface-forced turbulent mixing from mechanical forcing of wind stress and buoyancy forcing (from heat flux as well as freshwater flux) in the Sulawesi Sea is provided by using a reanalysis dataset. The MLD is estimated directly on grid profiles with interpolated levels based on chosen density fixed criterion of 0.03 kg.m-3 and temperature criterion of 0.5°C difference from the surface. The results show that mixed layer depth in the Sulawesi Sea varies both spatially and temporally. Generally, the deepest MLD was occurred during the southwest monsoon (JJA), and the lowest MLD was occurred during the first transition (MAM) and second transition monsoon (SON). Strengthening and weakening MLD are influenced by mechanical forcing from wind stress and buoyancy flux. In the Sulawesi Sea, the mixed layer deepening coincides with the occurrence of a maximum in wind stress, and low buoyancy flux at the surface. This condition is the opposite when mixed layer shallowing occurs.
VANILLA YERSINIANA (ORCHIDACEAE), A NEW RECORD FOR PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
Authors: Mat Esa Muhammad Ikhwanuddin , Nordin Farah Alia , Go Rusea , Raffi Akmal
Published: December 2021

MAT ESA, M. I., NORDIN, F. A., GO, R. & RAFFI, A. 2021. Vanilla yersiniana (Orchidaceae), a new record for Peninsular Malaysia. Reinwardtia 20(2): 51−55. — The genus Vanilla Plum. ex Mill. from Peninsular Malaysia is now enriched with the discovery of a newly recorded species, Vanilla yersiniana that made up its regional diversity to eight taxa. This species was documented from two adjacent secondary lowland forests in Perak; further south to the southern tail of Thailand. This paper describes the first record of V. yersiniana in Peninsular Malaysia with some highlights of its morphology and ecology. The data presented will add to the present state of knowledge on the species botanical profile.
Kyphosis After Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures: WFNS Spine Committee Recommendations
Authors: Yaman Onur , Zileli Mehmet , Şentürk Salim , Paksoy Kemal , Sharif Salman
Published: December 2021

Thoracolumbar fractures change the biomechanics of the spine. Load distribution causes kyphosis by the time. Treatment of posttraumatic kyphosis is still controversial. We reviewed the literature between 2010 and 2020 using a search with keywords “thoracolumbar fracture and kyphosis.” We removed osteoporotic fractures, ankylosing spondylitis fractures, non-English language papers, case reports, and low-quality case series. Up-to-date information on posttraumatic kyphosis management was reviewed to reach an agreement in a consensus meeting of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) Spine Committee. The first meeting was conducted in Peshawar in December 2019 with WFNS Spine Committee members’ presence and participation. The second meeting was a virtual meeting via the internet on June 12, 2020. We utilized the Delphi method to administer the questionnaire to preserve a high degree of validity. We summarized 42 papers on posttraumatic kyphosis. Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar kyphosis due to unstable burst fractures can be done via a posterior only approach. Less blood loss and reduced surgery time are the main advantages of posterior surgery. Kyphosis angle for surgical decision and fusion levels are controversial. However, global sagittal balance should be taken into consideration for the segment that has to be included. Adding an intermediate screw at the fractured level strengthens the construct.
Clinical and Radiological Factors Affecting Thoracolumbar Fractures Outcome: WFNS Spine Committee Recommendations
Authors: Costa Francesco , Sharif Salman , Bajamal Abdul Hafid , Shaikh Yousuf , Anania Carla D. , Zileli Mehmet
Published: December 2021

To obtain a list of recommendations about clinical and radiological factors affecting outcome in thoraco-lumbar fractures with the aim of helping spine surgeons in daily practice. A systematic literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar database was done from 2010 to 2020 on the topic “thoracolumbar fracture AND radiology AND surgical outcomes” and “thoracolumbar fracture AND radiology AND surgical outcomes.” A total of 58 papers were analyzed and WFNS (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies) Spine Committee organized 2 consensus meetings to formulate the specific recommendations the first in Peshawar in December 2019 and in a subsequent virtual meeting in June 2020 to reach an agreement. Both meetings utilized the Delphi method to analyze preliminary literature review statements based on the current evidence levels to generate recommendations through a comprehensive voting session. Eight statements were presented and reached the consensus about this topic. A variety of clinical factors is known to influence outcome of patients with thoracolumbar fractures. Some of these are well-known established factors such as blood pressure augmentation and patient age, while some are not well studied. Overall, the quality of evidence is low and we need more randomized controlled studies to validate our results. Similarly, radiological factors that can predict outcome are well stated and there is a high accordance worldwide. In reverse, still under debate is the application to choose which surgical treatment is advisable based on them.
Risk Factors of Unsatisfactory Robot-Assisted Pedicle Screw Placement: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhang Qi , Fan Ming-Xing , Han Xiao-Guang , Liu Ya-Jun , He Da , Liu Bo , Tian Wei
Published: December 2021

Objective: To identify potential risk factors of unsatisfactory screw position during robot-assisted pedicle screw fixation.Methods: A retrospective analysis of robot-assisted pedicle screw fixation performed in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March 2018 to March 2019 was conducted. Research data was collected from the medical record and imaging systems. Univariate tests were performed on the potential risk factors (patient’s characteristics and surgical factors) of unsatisfactory screw position during robot-assisted pedicle screw fixation. For statistically significant variables in univariate tests, a logistic regression test was used to identify independent risk factors for unsatisfactory screw position.Results: A total of 780 pedicle screws placed in 163 robot-assisted surgeries were analyzed. The rate of perfect screw positions was 93.08%, and the unsatisfactory rate was 6.92%. In patients with severe obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) (odds ratio [OR], 2.459; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.199–5.044; p = 0.014), osteoporosis (T ≤ -2.5) (OR, 1.857; 95% CI, 1.046–3.295; p = 0.034), and the segments 3 levels away from the tracker (OR, 2.216; 95% CI, 1.119–4.387; p = 0.022), robot-assisted pedicle screw placement has a higher risk of screw malposition.Conclusion: During robot-assisted pedicle screw placement for patients with severe obesity, osteoporosis, and segments 3 levels away from the tracker, vigilance should be maintained during surgery to avoid postoperative complications due to unsatisfactory screw position.
Surgical and Functional Outcomes of Expansive Open-Door Laminoplasty for Patients With Mild Kyphotic Cervical Alignment
Authors: Nagoshi Narihito , Nori Satoshi , Tsuji Osahiko , Suzuki Satoshi , Okada Eijiro , Yagi Mitsuru , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Watanabe Kota
Published: December 2021

Objective: To evaluate the cervical dynamics, neurological function, pain, and quality of life in patients with mild cervical kyphotic alignment who underwent expansive unilateral open-door laminoplasty (ELAP).Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, we reviewed the surgical outcomes of 80 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who were followed for at least 2 years. The patients were categorized into the preoperative kyphotic group (C2–7 angle < 0°) and nonkyphotic group (angle ≥ 0°). We compared clinical information, radiographic parameters, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ) scores, and cervical Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores between the groups.Results: The kyphotic and nonkyphotic groups comprised 17 and 63 patients, respectively. The preoperative C2–7 angles were -3.7° in the kyphotic group and 15.4° in the nonkyphotic group (p < 0.01). In the kyphotic group, kyphotic alignment improved to lordosis at the final follow-up (2.6°, p = 0.01). The preoperative (16.4° vs. 24.1°, p < 0.01) and finalfollow-up (17.8° vs. 24.5°, p < 0.01) C7 slopes were significantly smaller in the kyphotic group. ELAP reduced pain in the arms or hands (p = 0.02) and improved the JOA scores (p < 0.01) in the kyphotic group. Patient-reported outcomes assessed using the JOACMEQ showed comparable effective rates in both groups.Conclusion: Patients with mild cervical kyphosis showed smaller C7 slopes as a compensatory mechanism. Kyphotic angles significantly improved to lordosis after ELAP, resulting in favorable clinical outcomes. ELAP is a useful surgical option for patients even if they present mild kyphotic cervical angles.
Double Dome Laminoplasty: A Novel Technique for C2 Decompression
Authors: Lee Dong-Ho , Dadufalza Gian Karlo P. , Baik Jong-Min , Park Sehan , Cho Jae Hwan , Hwang Chang Ju , Lee Choon Sung
Published: December 2021

Objective: To introduce a new surgical technique - double dome laminoplasty for decompression of the entire C2 lamina and preservation of an extensor muscle insertion.Methods: Eleven consecutive cervical myelopathy patients due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament involving the Axis (C2) area were contained at this study. Direct decompression was evaluated as an increasing rate in space available cord (%) and posterior cord shift (mm) at C2 level. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale, and C2–7 Cobb angle in a neutral lateral x-ray were analyzed.Results: The mean increase in space available for spinal cord at the C2 level, average posterior cord shift, and JOA recovery rate were 69.7%, 5.3 ± 0.15 mm, and 58.0%, respectively. Cervical lordotic angle was maintained in all patients. One patient reported neck pain (visual analogue scale 6) postoperatively. No specific complications such as C2 laminar fracture or insufficient decompression were observed.Conclusion: We recommend double dome laminoplasty for treating patients with cervical myelopathy involving the C2 area to avoid C2 laminectomy, reduce postoperative neck pain, and maintain lordotic cervical spine alignment.
DIETARY INADEQUACIES IN THE ELDERLY WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE FOLLOWED AT THE REFERENCE HEALTH CENTER FOR ELDERLY CARE IN CURITIBA – BRAZIL
Authors: Rodrigues Lecheta D. , Madalozzo Schieferdecker M.E. , de Mello A.P. , Berkenbrock I. , Cardoso Neto J. , Pereira Maluf E.M.C.
Published: December 2021

Background: Dietary changes are frequent in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: to assess the dietary intake of elderly with AD. Design: cross sectional study. Setting: AD patients followed at the Health Center of Elderly Care Ouvidor Pardinho, in Curitiba/Brazil, from November/2010 to July/2011. Participants: 96 individuals. Measurements: the scales used were the Mini Nutritional Assessment to determine the nutritional status and the Clinical Dementia Rating to set the stage of dementia. The average food intake of three days was analyzed for energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron and liquids, and compared with the individualized nutritional recommendations. Results: 96 elderly patients were evaluated. The mean age was 78.0 ± 6.52 years, and most of them had mild AD (54.2%) and risk of malnutrition (55.2%). All of them were oral fed and 37.5% received modified consistency food. Regarding independence for feeding: 44.8% of the elderly needed assistance to serve food, 31.3% did not eat when the meal was not offered by the caregiver, and 31.3% ate less than usual. Regarding dietary adequacy: 41.7% had low-calorie diet, 46.9% low-protein diet, and most of the patients had insufficient intake of vitamins A and C, calcium and iron. Decreased appetite occurred in 31.3% of the elderly. Conclusion: the dietary intake of AD patients is inadequate when compared with nutritional recommendations. Caregivers should be informed about the need of specialized nutritional monitoring and feeding assistance for the demented patient since the early stage of the disease.
EFFECTS OF INGESTING MILK FERMENTED BY LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS H61 ON SKIN PROPERTIES AND HEALTH BIOMARKERS IN MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY
Authors: Kimoto-Nira H. , Moriya N. , Sasaki K. , Suzuki C.
Published: December 2021

Objective: Previously, we showed that ingestion of fermented milk made by only Lactococcus lactis strain H61 (H61-fermented milk) improves various skin properties in young Japanese women (age, around 20 y). Because the condition of human skin varies with age, we investigated the effects of H61-fermented milk on skin properties of middle-aged women. Design and setting: A randomized, double-blind trial in a clinical research setting. Participants: Healthy, middle-aged, female volunteers (n = 23; age: 36–62 y). Intervention: H61-fermented milk (1010 CFU) or conventional yogurt (1010CFU of both Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus; a reference food) was given daily for 4 weeks. Measurements: Before and at the end of the 4-week treatment, we measured skin hydration (inner forearms and cheek) and sebum content (cheek only). In addition, salivary samples were collected for analysis of immune, stress, and inflammation biomarkers. Self-questionnaires (regarding skin and general health conditions) were done at week 4. Results: By mechanical analysis, the interventions did not alter the skin properties of either group. At week 4, self-questionnaire skin scores for elasticity and texture were significantly higher; scores for darkness tended to be improved in the H61-fermented milk group than the conventional yogurt group. In the general health condition section, diarrhea was significantly more prevalent in the H61-fermented milk than in the conventional yogurt group. The intervention did not alter immunoglobulin A, cortisol, α-amylase, and C-reactive protein levels in saliva. Conclusions: According to self-questionnaires, H61-fermented milk provides beneficial effects on some skin properties of middle-aged women. This intervention would be useful for increasing the quality of life in an aging population after characterizing the beneficial effect by mechanical analysis in future study.
Reflexiones, hipótesis e interrogantes en torno a los resultados del CNA 2018 para la provincia de Santa Fe
Authors: Urcola Marcos Andrés
Published: December 2021

Los Censos Nacionales Agropecuarios (CNA) constituyen una de las principales fuentes de datos que permiten conocer la estructura agraria de un país. En función de los mismos se van construyendo percepciones sobre el sector agropecuario y los diversos actores sociales que lo integran. Con motivo de la reciente publicación de los resultados del CNA 2018 en Argentina, en este artículo compartimos algunas reflexiones y advertencias sobre los sesgos y limitaciones que ofrecen los censos en general y éste en particular. Teniendo en cuenta estos aspectos, se analizaron los datos que brinda el CNA 2018 sobre lo que acontece en la provincia de Santa Fe, comparándolo con otros censos, fuentes secundarias y el propio conocimiento empírico del equipo de investigación sobre dicha provincia. Este análisis nos ha permitido formular algunas hipótesis e interrogantes sobre lo que los datos estadísticos indican y también señalar aquellos aspectos que merecen ser contrastados con otras fuentes y estudios específicos.
Finanzas no bancarias subnacionales: entre el gobierno de las “zonas particulares” y las fronteras porosas del estado
Authors: García Tarsia Aldana , Scardino Marisa , García Ariel
Published: December 2021

Esta investigación aborda las finanzas no bancarias en entidades subnacionales, interrogándose por los mecanismos de financiamiento a actividades productivas desplegadas por segmentos vulnerables en el lapso 2015-2021. Específicamente, se analizan los casos del IADEP en la provincia del Neuquén, el IDEP en Tucumán y Fuerza Solidaria en la provincia de Buenos Aires, cuya comparación ha permitido construir interpretaciones sobre los patrones que se observan en las finanzas no bancarias. El enfoque metodológico empleado es cualitativo en el cual se utilizaron fuentes de información primarias y secundarias. Entre los hallazgos, se destaca la construcción de un nuevo sujeto de gobierno surgido de la intersección entre demandas y ofertas, a través del cual es posible avizorar la estructura productiva y las agendas de gobierno subnacionales, de forma tal que las relaciones establecidas entre quienes acceden a diferentes dispositivos no bancarios y quienes detentan su gobierno resultan centrales para el abordaje aquí propuesto.
Atypical Hyperplasia at the Margin of Frozen Sections from Breast-Conserving Surgery
Authors: Na Yong Min , Ryu Young Jae , Lim Hyo Soon , Lee Ji Shin , Cho Jin Seong , Yoon Jung Han , Park Min Ho
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Intraoperative frozen section analysis to assess margin status during breast-conserving surgery is often performed to reduce the rate of re-excision. Whether additional resection is required if atypical cells are found at the margin during breast-conserving surgery is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of intraoperative frozen section analysis and investigate the feasibility of additional resection in cases of atypical hyperplasia on frozen sections from breast-conserving surgery.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 1,411 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery between July 2004 and June 2012. The microscopic margins of the intraoperative frozen sections and permanent sections were examined. Overall events (locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis) were analyzed between the negative margin group and the other margin group (including atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ [CIS], and invasive carcinoma).Results: Of the 1,411 patients, 1,201 had negative margins and 210 had other margin types in the first frozen section. 68 patients had atypical hyperplasia on frozen section analysis. This atypical hyperplasia included atypical cells, atypical ductal hyperplasia, and atypical lobular hyperplasia. Of these 68 patients, the final findings on the permanent section were negative (n=32, 47.1%), atypical cells (n=16, 23.5%), and CIS (n=20, 29.4%). The rate of overall events and distant metastases were higher in the other margin group (9.5% vs. 5.4%, p=0.021) and (5.7% vs. 3.0%, p=0.045). Of the 1,411 patients, 44 (3.1%) had false-positive findings, and 15 (1.1%) had false-negative findings in the frozen sections, with an accuracy of 95.8%.Conclusion: The accuracy of intraoperative frozen section analysis was 95.8%, with 91.7% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity. Atypical hyperplasia on frozen section analysis requires additional resection at the time of breast-conserving surgery because of the possibility of CIS, but excessive resection may be performed in other cases. Therefore, sufficient consultation with patients is required.
Are the Outcomes of Breast Conservation Surgery Inferior to Those of Mastectomy in Patients with Stage II-IIIA Triple-Negative Breast Cancer?
Authors: Lee Seungju , Kim Hyun Yul , Jung Youn Joo , Paik Hyun-June , Kim Dong-Il , Jung Chang Shin , Kang Seok-Kyung , Kim Jee Yeon , Lee Seokwon , Bae Youngtae
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is generally not considered for breast cancer because of concerns about the poor prognosis of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We assessed the outcomes of BCS and mastectomy for patients with stage II-IIIA TNBC.Methods: The data of 172 breast cancer patients diagnosed with stage II-IIIA TNBC who underwent treatment at Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital from 2010 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the following two groups: patients who underwent BCS (n=101) and those who underwent mastectomy (n=71). The Cox regression model was used to examine the outcomes of both treatments. The median follow-up period was 71 months in the BCS group, and 67 months in the mastectomy group.Results: The median age of the 172 patients was 51 years (range, 22-82 years). In the BCS group, radiation therapy and chemotherapy (p<0.001 and p=0.007, respectively) were performed more frequently. The BCS group had more patients with a high Ki-67 index (p=0.006), while the mastectomy group included more patients with a higher pathologic T (pT) stage (p=0.005). The 5-year loco-regional recurrence-free, disease-free, and overall survival rates of the BCS group versus the mastectomy group were 93.8% versus 95.3%, 89.8% versus 90.7%, and 90.8% versus 86.3%, respectively, but the differences were not statistically significant. Lymphovascular invasion was a risk factor for disease-free survival and advanced stage was an important risk factor for overall survival.Conclusion: In stage II-IIIA TNBC, BCS was not inferior to mastectomy in locoregional recurrence rates, disease-free survival rates, or overall survival rates.
OPTICAL METHOD FOR MEASURING RUNOUT PARAMETERS AXIS OF THE PART RELATIVE TO THE AXIS OF ROTATION
Authors: Alekhnovich V. I. , Chetvernin M. Yu. , Shirankov A. F.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the development of an optical method and a device for measuring the runout parameters of a part relative to the axis of its rotation. A graphical diagram is provided to indicate and explain all the runout parameters of rotating part. It is shown that these parameters can be determined by the optical method using the visualization of the rotation axis and the inertia axis of the part by a collimated laser beam. The process of measuring these parameters consists of two stages. In the first stage, the inertia axis of the part is aligned with the axis of the laser beam, and in the second stage, the rotation axis of the part is aligned with the axis of the measuring camera. The measurement is based on determining the coordinates of the photoenergy center of the laser spot in the plane of the sensing array. The results of the scientific work are the developed optical method and the device based on a measuring camera, which allow to measure and reduce the runout parameters in a controlled manner, bringing them to acceptable limits by means of the known vectors of bearing adjustment movements.
EVALUATION OF THE STRESSED DEFORMED STATE OF MAIN GAS PIPELINES RUNNING IN PERMANENTLY FROZEN GROUNDS
Authors: Sidorov M. M. , Golikov N. I. , Tihonov R. P.
Published: December 2021

The work evaluates the stress deformed state of the section of the interfield gas collecting main, running in permanently frozen grounds. The object of research is a section of a pipeline with an arched discharge formed as a result of loss of stability as a result of thermal erosion of permanently frozen grounds to disturbance of the vegetation cover. The determination of stresses was carried out by the X-ray method using portable equipment. The experimental data were analyzed with the calculated. The calculated data were obtained by measuring the spatial position of the gas pipeline section. The obtained values of the acting stresses and the estimates of the critical indicators of the gas pipeline monitoring section made it possible to reasonably estimate the stress state. The methodology for determining the acting stresses of pipelines using portable X-ray equipment can be successfully applied to estimate the stressed-deformed state of pipeline systems running in the zone of permafrost.
ON POTENTIAL ACCURACY OF ONBOARD LIDAR-THERMAL CONTROL OF UNDERGROUND PIPELINE LAY-OUT ROUTE
Authors: Suleymanov T. I. , Asadov H. H. , Nasirov H. M.
Published: December 2021

Carrying out of systematic control of oil and gas pipeline condition is important for provision of normal operability of hydrocarbon transporting system. Implementation of monitoring of pipelines condition using traditional methods requires a lot of material and labour resources. The most important alternative is utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles equipped by lidar. The accident at the pipeline may occur due to such causes as leak, rupture, denture, other causes and unknown ones. The potential accuracy of suggested method for lidar-thermal remote control of route of underground pipeline lay out is analyzed. The possibility for increasing of accuracy of identification of underground pipelines by way of decrease error of identification on two signatures is considered. The chosen signatures are geometrical coordinate at the horizontal plane defined by thermal sensing and vertical coordinate determined by laser measurements. It is determined that by cause of hydromechanical processes occurred in soil within imits of route the shift of pipeline and increase of soil layer level over the pipeline take place. These effects form the total uncertainty of determination of accurate coordinates of pipeline from the board of carrier of laser and thermal sensor. It is shown that performed optimization allows to increase the geometrical accuracy of route determination using suggested method of laser-thermal sensing.
ACOUSTIC EMISSION STANDARDS. COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT AND STANDARDIZATION POTENTIAL
Authors: Sagaydak A. I. , Terentyev D. A. , Elizarov S. V. , Bardakov V. V. , Ivanov V. I. , Medvedev K. A.
Published: December 2021

The object of the study is the domestic and foreign normative and technical standards relating to the application of the acoustic emission method. The purpose of the paper is to prepare proposals for the development of new, adjustment, harmonization and supplementation of domestic standards in the field of application of the AE method for objects testing. The article provides data on the status of foreign and domestic standards framework for the use of AE testing at various fields.
EDDY CURRENT MOLD LEVEL SENSOR UNDER CONTINUOUS CASTING OF STEEL USING MOLD FLUX
Authors: Terekhin I. V. , Chernova E. A.
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the industrial test of eddy current device for direct metal level control under continuous casting of steel using mold flux. The new algorithm of detection meniscus level has been proposed. The algorithm consists of selecting of a signal variable component caused by oscillation of steel meniscus. The way of filtering the noise from electromagnetic stirrer based on the comb filter application has been developed. The paper deals with the industrial test of eddy current sensor for molten metal level detecting under continuous casting of steel using mold flux. The new algorithm of detection meniscus level has been proposed. The algorithm consists of extracting the signal variable component caused by oscillations of steel meniscus which are intended to reduce friction on the strand surface. The way of filtering the noise from electromagnetic stirrer based on the comb filter application has been developed. It has been proven that the developed algorithm can completely remove the influence of the electromagnetic stirrer field. The industrial test results show that the readings of eddy current and radioactive isotope sensor are synchronous both in a stationary casting mode and in case of fast metal level change. Moreover the eddy current steel level sensor has high precision of steel level measurement, quick response time and low noise level free from the influence of mold flux.
FEATURES OF THE TECHNICAL INSPECTION PROCEDURE OF SHELVING EQUIPMENT
Authors: Reznichenko S. V. , Chernositova E. S. , Samorodskaya N. B. , Samorodsky R. U.
Published: December 2021

The necessity of monitoring the technical condition of shelving structures to assess the reliability of their operation is justified. An important element of this process is the technical inspection procedure aimed at preventing accidents and minimizing the operational risks of shelving equipment. The procedure for complete technical inspection of shelving structures is described and its scheme is drawn up. There are 3 main stages of the procedure: 1) checking the organization and maintenance of shelving equipment; 2) inspection of shelving equipment and confirmation of its safe operation; 3) processing of results and their registration in the form of a unified report. The scheme illustrates the content of work at each stage and can be used both by experts of specialized organizations authorized to conduct technical inspection of shelving structures, and by warehouse employees to analyze and improve the process of monitoring the condition of shelving equipment. The requirements of the current regulatory documents regulating the procedure for full technical inspection of shelving structures are analyzed. Examples of defects and inconsistencies that can be identified in the process of technical inspection of shelving structures are given. Detection of some of them leads to a ban on the operation of this type of equipment. The sequence of the full technical inspection procedure proposed by the authors can be used by organizations performing such types of work to improve the quality of their implementation, as well as to standardize this process. Application of the results of analysis and systematization of requirements for the full technical inspection procedure will improve reliability of the results of inspections of the technical condition of shelving structures.
PRECISION AND CONFIDENCE LEVEL OF CHANGES IN MEASUREMENTS OF GAS ANALYTICAL COMPLEXES BY MEANS OF APPLYING INERT COVERS ON GAS TRACT ELEMENTS
Authors: Topolianskii P.  A. , Ermakov S. A. , Topolianskii A. P.
Published: December 2021

The relevance of using inert (barrier) nanocoatings for protection (passivation) of parts made of stainless steel has been considered. Such coatings ensure solving problems related to the precision and accuracy of the assay and quality testing of substances with the minimum content of active compounds in a sample, lack of stability in the content of active compounds in a sample over time, inability to treat large amounts of samples without repeated calibration. The findings of the research into the new inert SilcoPateks coating applied by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD process) have been presented. Such coating is used for protection against chemically active substances capable of absorbing and interacting with metals, of changing the sample composition, for countering sulfide and other corrosion. We present a comparative analysis of the SilcoPateks coating with its close analogues – SilcoNert® and DurSan® coatings developed by the world’s leading companies – the Restek Co. and SilkoTek Co. (USA). The SilcoPateks coating is widely used in the domestic equipment for chromatography, mass spectrometry, in ultraviolet fluorescent and other analyzers of substances, in samplers for storage, for transportation, testing and research of samples of substances, for stainless fixtures (valves, faucets), fittings and manometers, for sampling stands, air conditioning systems, calibration panels, coolers for cooling samples, water-oil traps (filters) and other items.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Matveev V. I.
Published: December 2021

Artificial intelligence is becoming the main direction of the development of science and technology, making progress at a new level. Automation of production, the implementation of operations in hazardous and harmful areas, the implementation of routine actions in the environment are inevitable in the modern world. A person creates an analogue for himself, realizing the possible consequences and limiting them to legislative acts. The article provides positive examples of the implementation of the artificial intelligence project and legislative measures that limit its impact on the social environment.
INFORMATION AND KINETIC APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF STRESS STATE OF VESSELS OPERATING UNDER PRESSURE IN HYDROGEN ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Nosov V. V. , Yamilova A. R.
Published: December 2021

Separation of the influence of various factors on the strength of the material and control parameters is the basis for increasing the diagnostic efficiency. The article describes methods for assessing the state of pressure vessels, features of their damage under conditions of hydrogen absorption, presents data from acoustic emission and ultrasonic testing, compares them, sets out an approach to non-destructive assessment of the strength state of technical objects, based on a multilevel model of time dependences of acoustic emission parameters (AE), the kinetic concept of strength, micromechanics of fracture of discrete media, their relationship with the resource, parameters of fatigue curves and characteristics of the material structure, the problems of the influence of strength and metrological heterogeneity on the information content of control, the sequence of assessing the indicators of the strength state and resource of vessels, the model of strength and metrological heterogeneity of the AE are presented control, explaining the maximum activity of AE during tests in the first periods of operation, a methodology for assessing the strength state of pressure vessels is presented. Demonstration of the effectiveness of the technique is shown as an example of AE testing of an absorber for purifying hydrogen sulfide with a monoethanolamine solution by predicting the resource of its components and comparing the prediction results with the coordinate-altitude level of the adsorber belt, which correlates with the average internal hydrostatic stresses. Approbation of the approach has shown its versatility on the example of effective application for objects with defects of both fatigue and chemical origin under conditions of hydrogenation. Using the example of assessing the state of the most damaged lower belt, it is shown that an increase in the AE activity during hydrogenation of the material occurs mainly due to the growth of the acoustically active volume of the controlled zone, which is not unambiguously associated with the resource, and therefore the activity and energy intensity of the AE should not be considered sufficient a sign of the danger of a defect formed under the influence of hydrogen-containing media.