bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of aluminum-carbon nanotube nano-composite using aluminum-coated carbon nanotube precursor
Authors: Mansoor Muhammad , Khan Shaheed , Ali Amjad , Ghauri Khalid Mahmood
Published: May 2019

Demand of special combination of different properties of the materials instigated the development of metal matrix composite. The carbon nanotubes being renowned for their excellent physical and mechanical properties are one of the major choices as strengthen material for metal matrix composites. To benefit their properties, the carbon nanotubes should be thoroughly dispersed and have wetting with the matrix. In the present study, a precursor of aluminum-carbon nanotubes was prepared by coating the nanotubes with titanium and used to fabricate the composite by induction melting. The precursor provided easy wetting, while induction melting facilitated dispersion of the nanotubes readily. Consequently, the composite exhibited noticeable augmentations in yield and tensile strength from 64 to 193 MPa and 81 to 227 MPa, respectively.
Civil Society and the Democratic Peace
Authors: Hegre Håvard , Bernhard Michael , Teorell Jan
Published: May 2019

We theorize that three distinct structures of democratic constraint explain why more democratic dyads do not engage in military conflict with each other. We build on earlier theories that focused on electoral and horizontal accountability. We add a new dimension—the social accountability provided by an active civil society. Using several new measures from the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) data set, we stringently test these explanations. We find social accountability to be the strongest and most consistent predictor of nonbelligerence in dyads, that horizontal accountability is still important, but that the independent role of electoral accountability has been somewhat overstated. However, we do find that social and electoral accountability work strongly together, to make for an even greater effect. The finding is robust to a range of specifications and in the face of controls for contending theories that challenge the democratic peace (e.g., the capitalist and territorial peace theories).
Resilience and Recovery in the Context of Psychological Disorders
Authors: Echezarraga Ainara , Las Hayas Carlota , López de Arroyabe Elena , Jones Steven H.
Published: May 2019

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the similarities and differences between the concept of resilience and of recovery and build an argument for the integration of these two concepts. Method: A review of the literature on resilience and recovery was conducted. An electronic search of PsychInfo, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost databases was performed to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies. Results: A total of 53 articles on resilience, 29 articles on recovery, and 2 articles that covered both topics were reviewed and analyzed. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: In the field of mental health, resilience and recovery have several factors in common such as the occurrence of adversity and the use of internal strengths and environmental resources to achieve greater subjective well-being. In view of these similarities, we propose that resilience and recovery are different constructs which converge in the recovery journey. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence to support this proposition. Interventions promoting resilience could help people with a psychological disorder not only adapt positively to adversities but also reduce the impact of life stressors on the clinical and personal recovery process, thereby more effectively improving mental health outcomes.
Myopericytoma of the Neck Originating From the Middle Scalene: A Case Report
Authors: Chaskes Mark B. , Bishop John W. , Bobinski Matthew , Farwell D. Gregory
Published: May 2019

We report the case of a myopericytoma of the neck. A 23-year-old female noticed a small, nontender mass in her left supraclavicular fossa. The mass grew over a period of 5 months, prompting the patient to seek evaluation. There were no motor or sensory deficits. Imaging suggested a mass originating from the middle scalene muscle. Computed tomography–guided core needle biopsy demonstrated a spindle cell neoplasm with smooth muscle differentiation. Complete surgical excision was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the tissue sample suggested myopericytoma. Myopericytoma is an extremely rare tumor of the head and neck. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a myopericytoma originating from a scalene muscle.
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Surgical Treatment on Respiratory Functions in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Kersin Burak , Karaman Murat , Aynacı Engin , Keleş Ahmet
Published: May 2019

Objective:

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a problem that involves many bodily systems and its effects on the respiratory system deserve special attention. Although many studies exist that investigate respiratory functions in patients using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the treatment of sleep apnea, there is a lack of research regarding the effect of OSAS surgery on respiratory function in the literature, which has motivated us to perform such a study.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-two patients diagnosed with OSAS with an apnea hypopnea index ranging between 15 and 30 and had undergone robotic tongue base resection and uvulopharyngoplasty were included as study participants. Pulmonary function tests were performed on all participants 1 day prior to, and at 3 and 6 months after the operation. Weight and body mass indices (BMIs) were also recorded at the same intervals for all participants. Data were electronically recorded and analyzed through SPSS 22.0. Values of P < .05 have been considered as statistically significant.

Results:

Average age of the 32 participants was 43.2±10.7, average body weight was 94.1±12.6, and average BMI was 31.4±4.7. Decreases in body weight and BMI values recorded at 3 and 6 months postoperatively had statistical significance when compared with values recorded preoperatively ( P < .05). Comparisons made in terms of pulmonary functions revealed a statistically significant increase in 3 and 6-month postoperative values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and FEF 25-75 ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Our study shows the positive effects of robotic tongue base resection and uvulopharyngoplasty operation on respiratory function parameters. This suggests that surgical treatment in OSAS patients is as effective as CPAP on respiratory function.
More Than a Revolving Door: Corporate lobbying and the socialization of institutional carriers
Authors: Tyllström Anna
Published: May 2019

In this paper, I study an epitomic case of institutional carriers of ideas: revolving door lobbyists. In a multi-directional interview study, I follow 25 ‘revolvers’ as they move back and forth between two institutional spheres that seem starkly at odds with each other: politics and corporate lobbying. My findings indicate that carriers do not just carry things, but they themselves are transformed as they move. In fact, the revolving door constitutes a cognitive-cultural shift, making ‘revolvers’ into persons who think and act differently as they enter new spheres. Seeing carrying as a socialization process, I contribute to translation theory by developing a theoretical model detailing how socialization of institutional carriers can enable institutional carrying in cases where carrier and knowledge are impossible to separate. By redirecting attention to the somewhat forgotten aspect of socialization, I also contribute more widely to the theoretical discussion of the role of individuals in institutional change. Finally, my findings speak to cultural perspectives on the revolving door, emphasizing that scholars should embrace the organizational and institutional embeddedness of regulators and lobbyists in order to gain a full understanding of how policy is formed. I also discuss potential practical implications of revolving door lobbyism from a socialization perspective.
New Roles of Government in the Governance of Business Conduct: Implications for Management and Organizational Research
Authors: Kourula Arno , Moon Jeremy , Salles-Djelic Marie-Laure , Wickert Christopher
Published: May 2019

In this introductory paper for the special issue “Government and the Governance of Business Conduct: Implications for Management and Organization”, we focus on government as an institution in the broader context of the governance of business conduct. We review the longevity and heterogeneity of governmental actors along with, and in relation to, the evolving role and place of business and civil society actors under the double challenge of privatization and globalization over the last three to four decades. In so doing we track the evolution of government’s primary governance roles. We suggest that part of the organization and management scholarship builds upon problematic assumptions when it comes to the role(s) of government in the governance of business conduct. We suggest that while governments might be losing some power, they are also acquiring and deploying it in other areas; that governments are taking on new governance roles in relation to business conduct; that government regulation may contribute positively to the governance of business conduct; and that government is an ever-important focus for management and organizational research. We show how the six contributing papers to the Special Issue both illustrate these arguments and reveal new roles for government in the contemporary governance of business conduct. We end by proposing a research agenda for the further exploration of government in governance.
Effects of thyroid hormone and depression on common components of central obesity
Authors: Du Fu-Man , Kuang Hong-Yu , Duan Bin-Hong , Liu Da-Na , Yu Xin-Yang
Published: May 2019

Objective

We investigated the prevalence of abnormal thyroid function and depression in centrally obese participants, and to analyze the relationship of thyroid hormones and depression with components of central obesity.

Methods

We randomly selected 858 centrally obese participants and 500 non-obese controls in this study. For all participants, we measured serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid concentrations, and blood pressure. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale.

Results

Centrally obese participants had a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism and depression than non-obese controls. Serum FT4 levels negatively correlated with BMI and serum TSH levels and positively correlated with BMI, WHR, total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). After excluding participants with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, serum FT4 levels showed negative correlation and serum TSH levels showed positive correlation with BMI in the remaining centrally obese participants. CES-D scores positively correlated with BMI.

Conclusion

We found high prevalences of hypothyroidism and depression among centrally obese participants. FT4 and TSH are important in weight regulation. Depression positively correlated with obesity.
The Papyrus of the Treasury Scribe Iry-Iry: A New Ramesside Source for a Memphite Hymn to Osiris and the Book of Caves (BD 168)
Authors: Scalf Foy
Published: May 2019

A publication of the papyrus of Iry-Iry in full with accurate identification of its contents. As a result, a Memphite hymn to Osiris has been identified from several sources gathered together with P. Iry-Iry. In addition, a new source for the introductory section of the Book of Caves (BD 168) has been discovered, known previously only from the papyrus of Bakenmut. This article provides a full discussion of the papyrus of Iry-Iry as well as a comparative edition of parallel manuscripts for the two compositions it contained.
Transactional sex, condomless anal sex, and HIV risk among men who have sex with men
Authors: Mgbako Ofole , Park Su H , Callander Denton , Brinker Dustin A , Kuhner Christopher , Carrico Adam W , Rendina H Jonathon , Duncan Dustin T
Published: May 2019

To understand the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men who engage in transactional sex (MSM-TS) in Paris, France, we sought to examine the association between engagement in transactional sex and HIV risk behaviors among MSM in Paris, France. Users of a geosocial-networking application in Paris were provided an anonymous web-based survey ( N = 580), which included questions about transactional sex and behavioral risk factors for HIV along with sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV status. Multivariate analyses showed that engagement in transactional sex was associated with condomless receptive and insertive anal intercourse (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.72 and aRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.04–1.91, respectively). MSM-TS were more likely to have engaged in substance use before or during sex (aRR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.13–1.62), to have participated in group sex (aRR = 1.37, CI = 1.13–1.62), and to have had an STI during the last year (aRR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.16–2.45). Transactional sex was not associated with HIV status. MSM-TS in Paris engaged in higher HIV risk behaviors, however, did not have higher rates of HIV infection. Sexual health interventions should continue to target MSM-TS; however, future studies should characterize the social, cultural, and structural factors that interact with individual behaviors to elevate HIV risk for MSM-TS.
Neurosyphilis is more common in malignant syphilis: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Zhu Lin , Shi Mei , Peng Rui-Rui , Gu Xin , Guan Zhifang , Xu Huanbin , Zhou Pingyu
Published: May 2019

Malignant syphilis is a rare skin manifestation of secondary syphilis, which has been reported primarily in the HIV-infected population. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HIV infection, malignant syphilis, and neurosyphilis through a systematic chart review of 26 malignant syphilis patients seen at our hospital. We also performed a literature review of 83 reported malignant syphilis cases since 1987, when the first case of malignant syphilis co-infected with HIV was reported. We found there was no direct association between HIV infection and malignant syphilis or neurosyphilis. In contrast, we found that much higher proportion (30%) of malignant syphilis patients develop concurrent neurosyphilis compared to those with the common type of secondary syphilis (13.1%). Physicians should be aware of the fact that neurosyphilis is more common among patients with malignant syphilis and the importance of investigating for neurosyphilis in such patients.
Towards Lower-Carbon Indian Agricultural Development: An Experiment in Multi-criteria Mapping
Authors: Harriss-White Barbara , Gathorne-Hardy Alfred , Rodrigo Gilbert
Published: May 2019

Agricultural development research and policy has to address climate change. Against the mainstream focus on adaptation, this article reports on public policy implications for climate change mitigation of a project measuring environmental, social and economic aspects of India’s rice economy: greenhouse gases (GHGs), energy and water; the quantity and quality of work and a systematic analysis of market and social costs and returns. A detailed life cycle assessment of GHG production generates four different kinds of technological possibilities helping the transition towards lower-carbon agriculture: rain-fed rice production (RR), System of Rice Intensification (SRI), solar pumps (SPs) and halving transmission and distribution (T&D) losses in the electricity grid. Through quantitative ranking and qualitative discursive analysis, a new method, multi-criteria mapping (MCM), is trialled in which the benefits of alternatives are evaluated by incommensurable criteria. These are costs, employment and GHGs. This experimental application crosses two languages (English and Tamil), compares participants with expert knowledge (EKs) with agrarian participants with situated knowledge (SKs), and explores the influence of identity (urban-rural, gender, and education).
Publish or the Population Perishes: The Challenges of Regional Publishing in Public Health
Authors: Binns Colin , Low Wah Yun
Published: May 2019

The publication of information is essential for expanding the benefits of public health throughout the Asia-Pacific region. All academics are familiar with the adage “Publish or perish,” but for public health, this should be rewritten as “Publish or the population perishes.” Publication and communication in public health continues to undergo rapid change. There are many challenges that a regional journal faces. The number of printed journals is beginning to decline. Digital publishing and extensive databases and search engines have become the only practical way to access data. But the advent of digital publishing has seen the arrival of profit-making entrepreneurs. Whether a Journal is in the printed form or digital, it remains the key communication in public health and ultimately improve the health of the people. The Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health (APJPH), which is owned by Asia Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health ( APACPH) and published by Sage ensures that your data gets maximum digital exposure in the region where it can make a difference. Over the years, APJPH has increased its impact factor and gained in prestige. Although impact factor of a journal is important in documenting the recognition of work by academics, it does not necessarily reflect importance to our region. There needs to be a re-evaluation of publication and communication strategies so that all citizens of the Asia-Pacific region benefit.
Orbital fat expansion in thyroid eye disease is related to age
Authors: Ugradar Shoaib , Rootman Daniel B
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

To objectively measure the differential expansion of orbital fat and muscle volume in patients with thyroid eye disease.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, eligible participants were adults with clinical evidence of thyroid eye disease and high-resolution computed tomography scans of their orbits. Patients with a history of decompression surgery and/or medical or other conditions that could alter the orbital anatomy were excluded. Three dimensional reconstructions of the orbits allowed the calculation of the fat volume, muscle volume and bony orbital volume using the MIMICS imaging analysis tool. Both orbits from each patient were included without bias through the use of the generalized estimating equation. The primary outcome was the measurement of fat volume. Secondary outcome measures included the correlation of the muscle volume, bony orbital volume and exophthalmometry with age.

Results:

Fifty patients with thyroid eye disease who were included contributed 100 orbits. The sample included 29 females (age 57, standard deviation = 14.8) and 21 males (age 52, standard deviation = 18.14). Mean (standard deviation) exophthalmometry measurement was 21.58 (4.01). Fat volume and exophthalmometry were negatively correlated with age (p = 0.00001 and p = 0.00001, respectively). Muscle volume (p = 0.985) and bony orbital volume (p = 0.484) did not correlate with age.

Conclusion:

Older patients with thyroid eye disease have less expansion of fat volume compared with younger patients. There are no associations between age and the bony orbital volume or muscle volume. These results support the growing body of evidence which suggests that the pathophysiology of TED is different in older patient.
Urinary pH as a Target in the Management of Lithiasic Patients in Real-World Practice: Monitoring and Nutraceutical Intervention for a Nonlithogenic pH Range
Authors: Galan-Llopis Juan Antonio , Torrecilla-Ortiz Carlos , Luque-Gálvez Maria Pilar , Group Prevent-Lit , Peris-Nieto Xavier , Cuñé-Castellana Jordi
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

We assessed the effectiveness of the joint use of a pH meter in combination with dietary supplements in restoring the urinary pH balance of patients with medical history of uric acid or calcium phosphate/calcium oxalate stones in real-world practice.

Methods:

An interventional, prospective, and open-label study was performed. At baseline visit, patients were assigned to a group according to the type of previous calculus and urinary pH: the alkalinizer group (uric acid stones and/or pH < 5.5) and acidifier group (calcium oxalate stones and/or pH > 6.2) received dietary supplement to increase or decrease, respectively, urinary pH. Patients were examined at baseline and after treatment for 30, 60, and 90 days. Urinary pH, type of therapy, compliance, and self-reported renal colic events were recorded at each visit.

Results:

The study included 143 patients, 45.5% in the alkalinizer group and 54.5% in the acidifier group, and the mean age was 53.60 years. Both nutraceuticals were significantly effective in normalizing urinary pH ( P < 0.00001) at all follow-up visits compared with baseline, with a maximum percentage of patients who achieved nonlithogenic pH (54.9%) at day 60 ( P < 0.00001). Analysis of the effect of treatment compliance at 60 days indicated that 71.8% of compliant and 45.9% of noncompliant patients achieved nonlithogenic pH (odds ratio [OR]: 3.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-6.66). A Cox-regression model indicated that nonlithogenic pH at 90 days (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.428, 95% CI: 0.193-0.947) and compliance at 60 days (HR: 0.428, 95% CI: 0.189-0.972) were independently associated with colic complaints-free survival.

Conclusions:

In patients with medical history of renal lithiasis, monitoring of pH in combination with dietary supplements may be useful in maintaining nonlithogenic pH values, yielding very high ratios of success, especially in compliant patients. Besides this main outcome, a reduction in self-reported colic complaints associated with pH balance was also observed.
European populist radical right leaders’ foreign policy beliefs: An operational code analysis
Authors: Özdamar Özgür , Ceydilek Erdem
Published: May 2019

Despite the significance of the subject, studies on the foreign policy preferences of European populist radical right leaders are scarce except for a handful of examples. Are European populist radical right leaders more hostile than other world leaders or comparatively friendly? Do they use cooperative or conflictual strategies to achieve their political goals? What are the leadership types associated with their strategic orientations in international relations? Using the operational code construct in this empirical study, we answer these questions and depict the foreign policy belief systems of seven European populist radical right leaders. We test whether they share a common pattern in their foreign policy beliefs and whether their foreign policy belief systems are significantly different from the norming group of average world leaders. The results indicate that European populist radical right leaders lack a common pattern in terms of their foreign policy belief systems. While the average scores of the analysed European populist radical right leaders suggest that they are more conflictual in their world views, results also show that they employ instrumental approaches relatively similar to the average group of world leaders. This article illuminates the microfoundations of strategic behaviour in international relations and arrives at conclusions about the role of European populist radical right leaders in mainstream International Relations discussions, such as idealism versus realism. In this sense, the cognitivist research school complements and advances structural accounts of international relations by analysing leadership in world affairs.
Consumer engagement in e-Tourism: Micro-panel data models for the case of Spain
Authors: Garín-Muñoz Teresa , Pérez-Amaral Teodosio , López Rafael
Published: May 2019

This article analyzes the consumer’s adoption of the Internet for information or shopping of tourist services. Based on the Surveys on Equipment and Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Households, by the National Statistics Institute of Spain, a micro-panel database (2008–2016) is constructed. Using this database and random effects logistic models, the impact of socioeconomic characteristics on the individual’s adoption of the Internet for tourism purposes is estimated. The results indicate that education, family size, digital skills, income, habitat, and employment situation are all significant for explaining the online booking of transportation or accommodation services; however, gender and age are not significant for the case of transportation. Differences between online buyers of tourism services and individuals who only look for information (bookers vs. lookers) are highlighted. Policy recommendations and business strategies are suggested, either to enhance e-Tourism or to increase the conversion rates of lookers into bookers.
Pancreatic Injuries in Abdominal Trauma in US Adults: Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank on Management, Outcomes, and Predictors of Mortality
Authors: Kuza C. M. , Hirji S. A. , Englum B. R. , Ganapathi A. M. , Speicher P. J. , Scarborough J. E.
Published: May 2019

Background and Aims:

Traumatic pancreatic injury is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, and the management strategies associated with the best clinical outcomes are unknown. Our aims were to identify the incidence of traumatic pancreatic injury in adult patients in the United States using the National Trauma Data Bank, evaluate management strategies and clinical outcomes, and identify predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed National Trauma Data Bank data from 2007 to 2011, and identified patients ⩾14 years old with pancreatic injuries either due to blunt or penetrating trauma. Patient characteristics, injury-associated factors, clinical outcomes, and in-hospital mortality rates were evaluated and compared between two groups stratified by injury type (blunt vs penetrating trauma). Statistical analyses used included Pearson’s chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and analysis of variance. Factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality were identified using multivariable logistic regression.

Results:

We identified 8386 (0.3%) patients with pancreatic injuries. Of these, 3244 (38.7%) had penetrating injuries and 5142 (61.3%) had blunt injuries. Penetrating traumas were more likely to undergo surgical management compared with blunt traumas. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 21.2% (n = 1776), with penetrating traumas more likely to be associated with mortality (26.5% penetrating vs 17.8% blunt, p < 0.001). Unadjusted mortality rates varied by management strategy, from 6.7% for those treated with a drainage procedure to >15% in those treated with pancreatic repair or resection. Adjusted analysis identified drainage procedure as an independent factor associated with decreased mortality. Independent predictors of mortality included age ⩾70 years, injury severity score ⩾15, Glasgow Coma Scale motor <6, gunshot wound, and associated injuries.

Conclusions:

Traumatic pancreatic injuries are a rare but critical condition. The incidence of pancreatic injury was 0.3%. The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 53% and 21.2%, respectively. Patients undergoing less invasive procedures, such as drainage, were associated with improved outcomes.
Nucleoskeletal regulation of transcription: Actin on MRTF
Authors: Sidorenko Ekaterina , Vartiainen Maria K
Published: May 2019

Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) and serum response factor (SRF) form an essential transcriptional complex that regulates the expression of many cytoskeletal genes in response to dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton. The nucleoskeleton, a “dynamic network of networks,” consists of numerous proteins that contribute to nuclear shape and to its various functions, including gene expression. In this review, we will discuss recent work that has identified many nucleoskeletal proteins, such as nuclear lamina and lamina-associated proteins, nuclear actin, and the linker of the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton complex as important regulators of MRTF-A/SRF transcriptional activity, especially in the context of mechanical control of transcription.

Impact statement

Regulation of gene expression is a fundamental cellular process that ensures the appropriate response of a cell to its surroundings. Alongside biochemical signals, mechanical cues, such as substrate rigidity, have been recognized as key regulators of gene expression. Nucleoskeletal components play an important role in mechanoresponsive transcription, particularly in controlling the activity of MRTF-A/SRF transcription factors. This ensures that the cell can balance the internal and external mechanical forces by fine-tuning the expression of cytoskeletal genes.
Experimental study and numerical simulation of propagation and coalescence processes of pre-existing flaws in a transparent rock-like material
Authors: Shi Chong , Zhang Chenghui , Jin Cheng , Zhang Qiang
Published: May 2019

Flaws in the rock play an important role in the failure of rock engineering. In this article, some rock-like specimens prepared by transparent resin material were used to investigate the propagation and coalescence processes of pre-existing closed three-dimensional flaws, and a series of uniaxial compressive tests were carried out to study the effects of flaw dip, flaw area, flaw friction coefficient, and composite flaw spacing on mechanical properties and flaw propagation and coalescence processes. Based on the particle flow method, the experimental results were verified by numerical simulation. The results show that there is a good agreement on flaw propagation rule revealed by the experiments and numerical simulations. In the case of the specimens with single-flaw, with the increase of the inclination angle, the peak stress of the specimen first decreases and then increases, when the inclination angle is 45°, the peak stress is the smallest. Meanwhile, the peak stress decreases with the increase of flaw area but increases with the increase of flaw friction coefficient. The spacing of the composite flaw has a significant influence on the strength, and the impact on the elastic modulus is not obvious. The results can provide a reference for the mechanism of flaw propagation and coalescence.
Numerical simulation of Oldroyd-B fluid with application to hemodynamics
Authors: Elhanafy Ahmed , Guaily Amr , Elsaid Ahmed
Published: May 2019

Oldroyd-B viscoelastic fluid is numerically simulated using the stabilized Galerkin least squares finite element method. The instabilities due to the connective nature of the Oldroyd-B model is treated using the discrete viscous elastic split stress method. The model is used to study the behavior of the flow of blood through an abdominal aortic segment. The results show that the viscoelastic nature of the blood should be considered specially at low shear rates.
Avascular necrosis of the capitate: case series of five patients and review of literature
Authors: Athlani Lionel , Granero Jonathan , Dap François , Dautel Gilles
Published: May 2019

Avascular necrosis of the capitate is a rare disorder of unknown aetiology that causes wrist pain and limits function. From 2009 to 2017, we performed scaphocapitolunate arthrodesis on five patients (one male, four females) with a mean age of 35 years (range 30–37) who had idiopathic avascular necrosis of the capitate. All patients had scaphocapitate and lunocapitate arthritis confirmed by arthroscopy. The mean follow-up was 5 years (range 1–9). At the latest follow-up, the mean wrist flexion–extension was 95° (versus 105° before surgery). Grip strength was 90% relative to the contralateral side. Functional scores were all significantly improved following treatment. Radiologically, fusion was achieved in all cases and there was no displacement or fracture of the bone fixation material. None of the patients had signs of midcarpal collapse or narrowing of the radiocarpal joint space. We conclude that scaphocapitolunate arthrodesis is an acceptable treatment for avascular necrosis of the capitate with midcarpal chondral lesions. It provides adequate pain relief and improves grip strength during medium-term follow-up.

Level of evidence: IV
Recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis: Early results of a new technique combining ultrasonographic percutaneous tenotomy with Platelet-Rich Plasma injection
Authors: Carlier Y.
Published: May 2019

Aim:

We hypothesized in this prospective study that the addition of an injection of PRP to a percutaneous epicondylar tenotomy under ultrasound control would optimize the results with an early gain on pain, strength, and with a rapid return to professional activities at three months postoperative.

Backround:

Surgical treatment of patients with recalcitrant epicondylitis remains difficult with suboptimals results. Recently, minimally invasive treatments such as percutaneous epicondylar tenotomy and PRP injections have been described. Few studies have examined the combination of the two techniques especially under ultrasound.

Methods:

261 patients with recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis were treated by percutaneous epicondylar tenotomy under ultrasound control, coupled with an injection of PRP. We analyzed prospectively the evolution of pain on the visual analogue scale (VAS-P), the functional scores: Quick DASH, PRTEE and MEPS, patient satisfaction (Self Evaluation Elbow), the grip strength and return to work.

Results:

At 3 months follow up significants improvements were observed in all scores. VAS-P decreased by 3.4 points (SD 2.2; p <0.0001) QuickDash decreased by 32.9 points (SD 18.9, 56.1 to 23.1; p <0.0001) PRTEE droped by 14.8 points (SD 19.1, 49.8 to 26.4; p = 0.017) MEPS rose 19.4 points (SD 13.1, 67.4 to 86.9; p <0.0001) Grip strength gained 8.3 Kg (SD 10.7; p<0.0001) and increased by 26% (SD 0.60, 0,7 to 0.96; p <0.0001) compared to the opposite side. Improvement rate perceived by the patient (SEE) was 78.3% (SD 19.4).

Conclusion:

Treatment of recalcitrant epicondylitis by percutaneous tenotomy combined with PRP injection under ultrasound control provides rapid recovery on pain and force with a high satisfaction rate at 3 months postoperative.
Women’s Work in Response to Urbanization: Evidence from Odisha
Authors: Mitra Arup
Published: May 2019

This article examines the impact of urbanization as a vehicle of modernization on a variable like women workforce participation rate (WFPR), which is highly sensitive to social and cultural factors. Based on district level data, urbanization and women work participation are seen to have a negative association both in the rural and urban areas, although, ideally speaking, urbanization is expected to raise work opportunities. Owing to compulsions, women from poor households participate in the labour market which may result in a positive relationship between poverty and female work participation rate. Further, economic growth and WFPR unravel a negative association which is indicative of either a backward sloping supply curve of women at higher levels of per capita income or growth being non-inclusive and unable to create work opportunities. The lack of jobs of desirable status for a long time in turn leads to the phenomenon of ‘discouraged dropouts’. It is important to counter such distortions through policy interventions so that women are able to access higher levels of skill and education and subsequently participate in the job market instead of withdrawing.
Gender-transformative Approach to Societal Empowerment
Authors: Chintakindi Malvya
Published: May 2019

Rural women are often termed as ‘agents of change’ for a successful development intervention. Women collectives as a tool/medium of change has in recent years, gained recognition as an effective intervention to empower women in developing countries. Sehgal Foundation (SF), an NGO based in Haryana, India, spearheads women collectives since 2014 to impart confidence among women representatives and strengthen their bargaining power in all walks of life. This gender-focused intervention leads to externalities that may be uncalled for and is inadequately acknowledged in the literature. An assessment of SF’s work in Nuh, Haryana points to need to include men in the programme to facilitate a long-lasting and meaningful change in gender dynamics. This prerequisite to warrant social change is often implied in various research areas, that is, the importance of focusing on the community, specifically, males, for sustainable development. This essay provides empirical evidence to the same and proposes a gender-transformative approach to interventions as a solution to address gender specificity in development interventions.
A new bio-based organogel for the removal of wax coating from indoor bronze surfaces
Authors: Yiming Jia , Sciutto Giorgia , Prati Silvia , Catelli Emilio , Galeotti Monica , Porcinai Simone , Mazzocchetti Laura , Samorì Chiara , Galletti Paola , Giorgini Loris , Tagliavini Emilio , Mazzeo Rocco
Published: May 2019

In this research, we propose an advanced system for the cleaning of wax-based coatings applied on indoor bronzes. To this aim we developed a new kind of eco-friendly gel based on PHB (poly-3-hydroxybutyrate) used as thickening agent, biodiesel (BD) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). BD is a mixture of methyl esters obtained from palm oil, which acts as cleaning agent while DMC was added as additional solvent to partially solubilize PHB and forming a gelly phase. For the first time a PHB-based gel obtained by mixing two solvents with different proprieties was proposed, expanding the range of possible formulations, that can be used according to the specific restoration purpose. After the preliminary characterization of chemical and physical properties of the gel, an ad hoc analytical protocol was implemented to evaluate both the cleaning efficiency and the release of residues on the treated surfaces. Standard samples were prepared following ancient recipes and submitted to spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis before and after the cleaning procedures. Finally, the performances of PHB-DMC/BD gel were assessed on a real case of study presenting a wax-based coating: the Pulpito della passione attributed to Donatello and dated back to 1460. In situ analysis demonstrated the high cleaning efficiency of the proposed systems also for the removal of aged coatings.
A Self-Administered Dependency Questionnaire (S.A.D.Q.) for use with the Mothers of Schoolchildren
Authors: Berg Ian
Published: May 2019

Dependency refers to an individual's attachment to and reliance on others. There are at least two different kinds of dependent behaviour. Person-oriented dependency includes close physical proximity, affectionate contact and verbal interchanges. Task-oriented dependency is concerned with help given for personal activities such as dressing and assistance with jobs around the house (Maccoby and Masters, 1970).
Parental Background of Homosexual and Heterosexual Women
Authors: Siegelman Marvin
Published: May 2019

The major emphasis in psychoanalytic literature has been on the aetiology of male, rather than female, homosexuality (Socarides, 1968; Wiedeman, 1962). Those psychoanalytic writers who deal with the parent-child relations of homosexual women present a wide diversity of contrasting descriptions and explanations (Bacon, 1967; Bene, 1965; Fromm and Elonen, 1951; Socarides, 1963). One systematic research approach that has evolved from the psychoanalytic literature involves the evaluation of the ‘triangular system’ hypothesis (Bieber et al., 1962). This hypothesis was formulated as an explanation for male homosexuality, and most of the studies to date that relate to it report on male samples (Siegelman, 1972b). The family pattern of the ‘triangular system’ depicted for male homosexuals is a close-binding, intimate, controlling mother and a detached, hostile, rejecting father (Bieber et al., 1962). Kaya et al., (1967), using questions and methods quite similar to Bieber et al., found that homosexual, compared to heterosexual, women patients had fathers who were close-binding and intimate—the converse of the parent behaviour noted for male homosexuals. Kaya et al., however, found that the mothers of the lesbians did not differ in behaviour from the mothers of the non-lesbians. In a study of 25 adolescent lesbian patients, Kremer and Rifkin (1969) found that the fathers of the homosexual women were hostile, exploitative, detached, and absent, but they were not close-binding. The mothers in the Kremer and Rifkin study were described as overburdened and inadequate in handling their responsibilities. Using 27 items from the Bieber et al. (1962) study, Thompson (1971) discovered that the mothers of non-clinical homosexual women were close-binding and intimate, while their fathers were hostile and detached. Many of the Bieber et al. (1962) questions were also used by Gundlach and Riess (1968), who reported that the parents of non-clinical lesbians were not different from the parents of non-lesbians.
Disulfiram Implant: A Controlled Trial
Authors: Whyte C. R. , O'Brien P. M. J.
Published: May 2019

Hald and Jacobsen (1948) introduced disulfiram as an adjunct in the treatment of alcoholism. Its usefulness has, however, been limited by the ease with which patients may discontinue medication and resume drinking. A preparation of disulfiram suitable for implantation was developed some years ago, and though its use has been mainly confined to the continent of Europe, several case reports have been published in this country (Kellam et al., 1968; Kellam, 1969). Madden and Malcolm (1972) suggest, from a follow-up study of 47 alcoholics, that implantation is followed by a period of sobriety of about six months, but they have made no comparison with a control group of patients.
Flupenthixol Decanoate in Schizophrenia
Authors: Trueman H. , Valentine M.
Published: May 2019

The anti-psychotic properties of flupenthixol have been described by Gottfries (1971) and Gross and Kaltenback (1965), and its antidepressant action by Reiter (1969), Merskey (1971), and Hall and Coleman (1973). It is available in the form of its decanoate in oil (‘Depixol’) as a depot injection.
The Discharged Patient's Drug Treatment
Authors: Ballinger Brian R.
Published: May 2019

When a doctor sees a patient it is important that he should have an accurate account of that patient's previous drug treatment. An earlier study (Ballinger and Stewart, 1971) showed that there were inconsistencies in the various reports of a patient's drug treatment immediately before admission to a psychiatric hospital. It seemed very likely that this problem was not limited to this one situation, and general practitioners have often criticized the quality of the information received after a patient has been discharged from hospital. The present survey attempted to assess the quality of the information about drug treatment sent to general practitioners at the time of discharge.
Schizophrenia in Association with Erythropoietic Protoporphyria — Report of a Case
Authors: Gibney G. N. , Jones Ivor H. , Meek John H.
Published: May 2019

Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (E.P.P.) may be classified along with the other erythropoietic syndromes of porphyria. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant (Taddeini and Watson, 1968). The condition was first clearly delineated by Magnus, Jarrett, Prankerd and Rimington (1961). They recorded a case with the presenting symptom of solar urticaria in whom faecal excretion of coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin was greatly increased while urinary porphyrins were normal. The red cells contained grossly abnormal amounts of protoporphyrin and coproporphyrin, the plasma increased levels of protoporphyrin. The absence of uroporphyrin distinguished this condition from congenital porphyria (Gunther's Disease).
Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Rothman E. Natalie , Zimmerman Andrew
Published: May 2019

The campaign for Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) in support of the Palestinian struggle to end Israeli occupation, discrimination, and dispossession is part of a long transnational history of boycotts as strategies of refusal. Its lineage stretches back centuries, and includes campaigns against transatlantic slavery, nineteenth-century working-class activism, and myriad interwar anticolonial projects. The movement against apartheid in South Africa is only the best known of its many recent antecedents. Boycott sometimes appears as an isolated consumer choice, but this appearance misleads. The power of boycotts is better indicated by the rage they invoke in their opponents. This rage itself is hardly new or unique to recent anti-BDS neo-McCarthyism. As a powerful model of active refusal, boycotts animate transnational networks of solidarity and allow the disenfranchised to challenge entrenched geopolitical categories of “here” and “there,” “us” and “them.”
Before BDS: Lineages of Boycott in Palestine
Authors: Takriti Abdel Razzaq
Published: May 2019

Boycotts have a persistent presence in the world of anticolonialism in general, and Palestinian history in particular. Whereas they are often associated today with the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions movement (BDS), this article shows that they have been consistently utilized in Palestine since 1908, responding to a long continuum of colonization. The article accounts for their varying origins, instrumental functions, contextual relationships to other tools of struggle, and modes of articulation. It examines shifts in Palestinian boycott practice and discourse, emphasizing the importance of considering this tactical form not in the abstract terms of social movement theory, but in light of its concrete relationship with broader anticolonial structures and strategies. Drawing on lessons from boycott’s long history in Palestine and other anticolonial contexts such as South Africa, it further reflects on its position in contemporary Palestinian politics. It argues that, in the post-Oslo environment, boycott shifted from a tactic serving a revolutionary strategic vision to a tactical solidarity response addressing the absence of a comprehensive national strategy. Boycott plays a crucial role in the global war of position in which the Palestinian solidarity movement is currently engaged, but this does not alter the need for a rejuvenation of representative national structures that are capable of deliberating and implementing broader anticolonial strategies.
Boycotts and Revolution
Authors: Bueckert Michael
Published: May 2019

This article explores the debates in Canada over the call for Boycotts, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) against apartheid South Africa, and demonstrates how the African National Congress (ANC) became a significant reference point for both supporters and critics of the anti-apartheid movement. Through close engagement with Canadian civil society, the ANC built its status as the exclusive voice of South Africans, a position that allowed it to influence the movement’s demands, including its support for armed struggle. Friends of South Africa, unable or unwilling to defend apartheid itself, instead focused their efforts on demonizing and delegitimizing the ANC as terrorists and agents of the Soviet Union—but this failed to significantly damage the reputation of the ANC or weaken the call for boycotts. This article is based on extensive new archival research from sources including the Canadian Mission of the ANC and the Canadian-South African Society (an affiliate of the South Africa Foundation).