bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Keberhasilan dan Penerimaan Sistem Akuntansi Instansi Berbasis Akrual di Komisi Pemilihan Umum
Authors: Damayanthi Kadek Shintya Rahayu Dewi , Ariyanto Dodik
Published: May 2022

This study aims to test the success and acceptance of the Accrual-Based Agency Accounting System (SAIBA) by using an integration evaluation model from the combination of the UTAUT, Delone and McLean, and HOT-Fit models. The ten information variables used in this study are business expectancy, social influence, system quality, service quality, environment or service quality, interest, and net benefits. The population in this study were all users of SAIBA. Determining the research sample using all members of the population, namely the saturated sample by distributing questionnaires to 50 people from 10 work units within the General Election Commission in Bali Province. Hypothesis testing using Partial Least Square. The results showed that performance expectancy, business expectancy, social factors, information quality, system quality, and organizational environment had a positive effect on interest in using SAIBA. However, the quality of services and facilities has no effect on the interest in using SAIBA. Usage interest has a positive effect on net profit.

Keywords: Success; Acceptance; SAIBA; Net Benefits.
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Cost of Debt Financing in Indonesia
Authors: Komari Nadya , Juliana Rita
Published: May 2022

This study aims to see the effect of Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) to the cost of debt in Indonesia. This quantitative research sample used in this study includes a total of 4,312 observations collected from 453 listed firms on IDX from the period 2006 to 2020. Using fixed-effect panel data regression, our result shows that there is a positive relationship between the cost of debt and EPU, and the effect is even greater when a crisis occurs. With additional analysis conducted, our result show EPU has stronger impact on large firms’ than small firms’ cost of debt. However, when a crisis occurs, EPU has a higher effect on small firms samples than on large firms samples. Thus, it can be concluded if the crisis plays an important role in the research results.

Keywords: Cost Of Debt; Economic Policy Uncertainty; Crisis.
Kesiapan Kerja Calon Akuntan di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Erawan Ni Made Ayu Nirmalasari Putri , Wirakusuma Made Gede
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors of accounting expertise, new literacy, and motivation on the job readiness of prospective accountants in the Covid-19 pandemic era. This research was conducted at Universities spread across Bali which have A & B accredited Accounting Study Programs in 2021. The number of samples used was 93. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis technique in this study used multiple linear regression analysis with the Smart-PLS tool. The results of the study prove that Accounting Skills have a positive and significant effect on job readiness. New Literacy has a positive and significant effect on job readiness. Motivation has a positive and significant effect on accounting expertise on job readiness. Motivation has a negative and insignificant effect with new literacy on work readiness.         

Keywords: Accounting Skills; New Literacy; Motivation; Working Readiness.
Faktor Determinan Stock Buyback (Studi Perusahaan di Pasar Modal Indonesia Periode 2012-2020)
Authors: Yuliana Yuliana , Susi Susi , Syaipudin Usep
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the influence of undervaluation and free cash flow has an influence on the stock repurchase policy. This study uses companies that carry out stock buybacks from 2012-2020 listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as the population in this study. The method of determining the sample using purposive sampling technique. The number of research samples is 55 companies that repurchase shares with an 8-year observation period, resulting in 83 observational data. The hypothesis in this study was tested using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of the analysis show that the undervaluation proxied by the Market to Book Ratio has a positive effect on the stock buyback policy. Meanwhile, free cash flow has a negative effect on the stock repurchase policy.

Keywords: Stock Buyback; Undervaluation; Free Cash Flow.
Reaksi Pasar Terhadap Penerapan Kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar Tahap I Perusahaan Sektor Kesehatan BEI
Authors: Maharani Ida Ayu Surya , Putra I Made Pande Dwiana
Published: May 2022

This study aims to prove the information content of the implementation of the Phase I PSBB policy in Indonesia, which caused a market reaction as indicated by the abnormal return in the health sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The observation period is carried out for 11 working days on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research is a type of event study research which is used to measure market efficiency and the impact of an event. The method of determining the sample in this research is non-probability sampling method and the sampling technique is using purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 17 companies. The results of the one sample t-Test test showed that the market had a significant positive reaction to the event that the implementation of the PSBB policy phase I on health sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange was rejected, which means the market did not react to the event.

Keywords: PSBB; Market Reaction; Event Study; Abnormal Return.
Structure Shift of Noun Phrases in "The Story of An Hour" and Its Translation "Kisah Satu Jam"
Authors: Putra I Putu Rama , Widhiarcani Matradewi Ni Ketut , Sumaryana Putra I Komang
Published: May 2022

One of the short stories that is rather popular among teenagers and adults is The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin in 1894. When reading the translation of the story, there are various translation shifts that can be found, especially the structure shift which is the type that most often occurs in the world of translation because every language has its own grammatical structure. Therefore, this study intended to analyze noun phrases that represent structure shifts using the theory of translation shift by Catford (1965) and the theory of noun phrases by Quirk and Greenbaum (1985). The data were collected using note-taking and observation method which were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively in the form of words and language. This study found two types of noun phrases that represent structure shifts, namely: three data were classified as simple noun phrases and four data were classified as complex noun phrases
Warisan Budaya Leluhur Desa Sapit Zaman Pra Aksara yang Menjadi Identitas Masyarakat Lombok
Authors: Supiarmo Gunawan , . Jannata , Amrina Lisa , Harmonika Sri , Alpionita Resi , Indriani Lilik , Hidayat Asbur
Published: May 2022

Sapit is a village that is rich in natural resources and in the hospitality of its people. This village is also rich in cultural heritage in the form of relics of the pre-literate era, or the period before writing. The purpose of this study is to reveal information related to the pre-literate heritage of Sapit village as evidence of the identity of the Lombok people. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method, which is carried out through the data collection stage, including observation, interviews, and documentation. Furthermore, the data analysis techniques in this study are data collection, data reduction, and data presentation, as well as drawing conclusions about the cultural heritage of the pre-literate Sapit village. The results showed that Sapit village has a wealth of cultural heritage in the form of pre-literate relics, including dolmens, sarcophagi, punden, beads, menhirs, stone lisung, and statues
Warisan Afiks Bahasa Bali Kuno dalam Bahasa Bali Moderen
Authors: Sulibra I Ketut Ngurah , Erawati Ni Ketut Ratna , Sutika I Nyoman Duana
Published: May 2022

The Old Balinese language is the forerunner of the existence of the current Modern Balinese language. As an agglutinative language, affixes are important in the formation of vocabulary. There are some Old Balinese affixes inherited in the Modern  Balinese language, both prefixes, infixes, and suffixes. The purpose of this research is to describe the inheritance of Old Balinese language affixes into Modern Balinese language. The theory used is the structural theory. Methodologically, this research is divided into three stages. The first stage of data collection is the library, listening, and note taking method assisted by translation and equivalent techniques. Second, the data analysis phase uses qualitative-quantitative methods with analytical descriptive techniques. Third, the stage of presenting the results of the analysis with the formal-informal method. The results of this study indicate that the inherited Old Balinese language affixes include prefixes reaching 50%, infixes 66, 67 %, and suffixes 42, 86%. It means that there are some Old Balinese language affixes that have not been inherited. Although the Old Balinese language is the source of the existence of the Balinese Modern language, it turns out that not all of its affixes are inherited.
Kata Yen dalam Bahasa Bali: Suatu Tinjauan Sederhana
Authors: Teguh I Wayan
Published: May 2022

The word yén (Balinese) has a meaning parallel to the words if and if (Indonesian). One of the characters of the word yén is as a conjunction. In addition, the word yén also has a character like a preposition. The word yén (Balinese) only has a function and meaning in a syntactic structure. The word yén (Balinese) which functions as a conjunction has similarities and differences with the word yén which is characterized as a preposition. In this case both belong to the category of particles. In addition, it also only has a function and meaning in a syntactic structure. The difference is that yén as a subordinate conjunction connects words or phrases that have the potential to become clauses. On the other hand, yén which is characterized as a preposition is followed by a group of words or words that are potential phrases. That is, the conjunction yén is discussed at the sentence level, while yén which is similar to a preposition is discussed at the phrase or word group level.
The Connotative Meanings In “The Internship” Movie’s Dialogue: A Semantics Study
Authors: Jayana I Made Mei
Published: May 2022

The aims of this study are to describe and analyze connotative meanings of the internship movie’s dialogue. The researcher divides the data into two parts which are primary and secondary data. The primary data consists of the movies and the script were taken from the internet.  The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive and documentation technique. The main theory that the researcher used is the theory of semantics proposed by leech (1991). The result of this study shows that the connotative meaning of the internship movie’s dialogue consists of three types of connotative meanings both positive, negative and neutral connotations. Furthermore, this study shows that the word or the phrase selected and used by the characters in the movie depended on the condition or situation and with who they are talking to.
The Connotative Meaning of Expression Found in Adele’s Song Lyrics 21 “Japanese Edition” Album
Authors: Harsetiani Kadek Mei
Published: May 2022

This study is entitled "The Connotative Meaning of Expression Found in Adele's  Song Lyrics 21 "Japanese Edition" Album". It focuses on describing the types of connotative meaning and connotative expression found in the song lyrics. This study mainly uses the theory proposed by Leech and Cruse. Methods applied in this study were qualitative methods and descriptive analysis. The data here was taken from the internet through the Genius website. The data was collected by downloading the song lyrics and then printing them out. Then, closed reading was implied to identify the expression containing connotation. Furthermore, the data were analyzed based on a semantic theory proposed by Leech (1981) and Cruse (1997). Four songs were analyzed based on the theory proposed by selecting the expression which contains connotative meaning. The result of this study shows that the expression found in Adele's song lyrics contains three types of connotative meaning, such as Positive, Negative, and Neutral. However, the negative connotations are mostly used in the expression.   The use of the expression in Adele's song lyrics is to express her feelings towards someone in her past relationship.
Language Style used by Victoria in the Movie Entitled “The Young Victoria”
Authors: Vitariani I Gusti Agung
Published: May 2022

This study is aimed at identifying the types of language style and analyzing the social factor influence the use of language style in the movie. The data of this study were taken from a movie entitled The Young Victoria and it was released on March 6, 2009. The documenation method through note taking technique was used to collect data. In analyzing the data,  descriptive qualitatively using theory proposed by Joos (1967) to identify the types of language style and the theory context of situation from Holmes (2013) was applied to analyze the social fators influence the choice of language style. This study presented five examples of language style and it found that there were five kinds of language style, including frozen style, formal style, consultative style, casual style, and intimate style used by Victoria as the main character in the movie. Moreover, the usage of language style influenced by social factors, such as participants, setting, topic, and function.
The Influence of Barriers on Entrepreneurial Intention Among Students of Business Administration Telkom University
Authors: Putri Prilly Amalia , Jamiat Nuslih
Published: May 2022

This research aims to find out the Influence of Entrepreneurship Interest Barriers on Entrepreneurship Interests of Telkom  UniversityBusiness AdministrationStudents. The methods used in this research are quantitative with a type of descriptive analysis research. Respondents in this study were 322 Telkom  University Business Administration Students with sampling methods namely probability sampling and  Proportionate stratified random sampling. The results showed that respondents' responses had an influence of 27.2% between the Financial Barrier variable to the Entrepreneurship Interest variable. There is an influence of 21.5% between the Knowledge Barrier variable to the Entrepreneurship Interest variable. There is an influence of 26% between Risk Avoidance variables to entrepreneurship interest variables. There was an influence of 12% between the Fear of Failure variable on the Entrepreneurship Interest variable, and there was an influence of 9.1% between the Stress Avoidance variable on the Entrepreneurship Interest variable. The results of data processing and analysis showed that the Entrepreneurship Interest Barrier contributed simultaneously to Entrepreneurship Interest by 50.3% while the remaining 49.7% was influenced by other factors outside the Entrepreneurship Interest Barrier variable.
PEMBAGIAN KEWENANGAN PENCEGAHAN KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN (KARHUTLA
Authors: Cahyawati Dwi Putri
Published: May 2022

AbstrakSalah satu permasalahan lingkungan di Indonesia adalah tentang kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Dalam menanggulangi hal tersebut, Peraturan Perundang-Undangan telah menyediakan mekanisme penyelesaian yang salah satunya melalui pendekatan preventif atau pencegahan, yang kewenangannya terbagi antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk meneliti tentang pembagian kewenangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan (karhutla) berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa Pengaturan pembagian kewenangan antara Pemerintah Daerah dan Pemerintah Pusat dalam pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan memiliki kecederungan dominasi oleh Pemerintah Pusat (sentralistik) dan adanya amputasi kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah, sebagaimana tercermin dalam UU No. 23 tahun 2014 dan diperkuat oleh UU no. 11 tahun 2020. Hal ini berimplikasi pada ruang gerak Pemerintah Daerah baik pada level Provinsi maupun Kabupaten/Kota menjadi terbatas dalam pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan.Kata Kunci: Pembagian Kewenangan, Pencegahan, Karhutla, Pemerintah Pusat, Pemerintah Daerah. AbstractOne of the encironmental problems in Indonesia is about forest and land fires. In overcoming this, the legislation has provided a settlement mechanism, one of which is through a preventive approach, whose authority is devided between the Central Government and Local Government. This research is intented to examine the division of authority between the Central Government and Local Government in the prevention of forest and land fires based on legislation using normative legal research methods. From the results of the study, it was found that the regulation of the division of authority between the Central Government and Local Government in the prevention of forest and land fires has a lack of dominance by the Central Government (centralistic) and the amputation of the authority of the Local Government, as reflected in Act Number 23 of 2014 anda strengthened by Act Number 11 of 2020. This is has implications for the wiggle room of local governments at both the provincial and district/city levels to be limited in the prevention of forest and land fires.Keywords: Division of Authority, Prevention, forest and land fires, Central Government, Local Government.
Reserves for ensuring the sustainability of the regional healthcare system
Authors: ENDOVITSKII Dmitrii A. , KONDRASHOVA Nadezhda V. , VASIL'EVA Kira N. , GOLOVIN Sergei V. , CHURIKOV Andrei V.
Published: May 2022

Subject. The article addresses reserves for ensuring the sustainability of public health organizations.
Objectives. The study aims to investigate factors of sustainability of State medical organizations and identify directions for seeking reserves that predetermine the formulation of objectives for preservation and strengthening of their sustainable development in the future.
Methods. We employ methods of generalization, systematization, grouping, and economic analysis techniques.
Results. We identify two consolidated groups of sustainability factors, hence, sustainability reserves, for State medical organizations: by source of origin, i.e. external and internal, and by content, i.e. political, legal, social, technological, economic.
Conclusions. The results of practical assessment of factors (reserves) of sustainability, using the case of the regional health system, namely the State medical organizations of the Voronezh Oblast, confirmed the specificity of their search, driven by target setting and scope of activity.
Synergetic effect of cohesion among business units in a holding group or corporation
Authors: DRONOV Evgenii A. , SAMOCHKIN Vladimir N. , BARAKHOV Vladimir I.
Published: May 2022

Subject. The article addresses the evaluation of components of synergetic effect in a holding company (corporation) having subsidiaries. These components are formed due to the cohesion and connectivity of enterprises of the holding company (corporation).
Objectives. The aim is to determine the areas of functioning of the said enterprises, where a synergetic effect is formed due to their connectivity.
Methods. We determined the connectivity of enterprises and the synergetic effect arising from it, using our original model of commodity-money flows in the integrated structure and at each enterprise. The main link of the model, which takes into account the connectivity of enterprises, is a system of equations for the cost of intra-group and market products shipped by enterprises of the holding group (corporation).
Results. The paper identifies areas of enterprise functioning in the holding (corporation), in which a synergetic effect is formed due to their connectivity and cohesion. The synergetic effect of connectivity is defined as incremented results of economic activity of enterprises of the holding group or corporation that are generated by the connectivity. We use the Tulamashzavod case and provide specific examples of determining the synergetic effect of connectivity in the selected areas of operation of the holding group enterprises.
Conclusions. The synergetic effect, which depends on the connectivity and cohesion of enterprises in a corporation with subsidiaries, manifests itself as a large-scale factor. It generates an increase in sales volume at the corporation's enterprises due to intra-group turnover, and enables to increase their competitiveness.
Estimating the return on social capital in Russian conditions
Authors: MEL'NIKOV Roman M.
Published: May 2022

Subject. The article investigates the role of social capital as a factor of competitiveness in the Russian labor market.
Objectives. The purpose is to estimate the impact of social capital on employment prospects, wages, work and life satisfaction in Russian conditions.
Methods. I use the data of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey to estimate the return on social capital. Summary indicators of social capital are estimated, using the factor analysis of survey variables that characterize relationships with relatives, work colleagues, friends, etc. To consider the effect of self-selection in employment for women, I use the Heckman model.
Results. The study revealed that good relations with colleagues and the ability to use their resources to solve professional problems closely correlate with wage growth, minimize risks of unemployment, and contribute to increasing the job and life satisfaction. The ability to get support from relatives does not affect success in the labor market, but has a significant positive impact on life satisfaction. Having good friends has a positive effect on both life and work satisfaction, especially for women.
Conclusions. A significant impact of good relations with colleagues on success in the labor market and subjective well-being demonstrates the importance of forming and developing a network of professional contacts as a factor of building a successful career. Friendly atmosphere, mutual support of labor collective members, good personal relations with the closest partners are important factors of success in Russian conditions. They require special attention of managers.
An analysis of human capital efficiency of economic entities based on an integrated approach
Authors: SEMKIN Sergei A.
Published: May 2022

Subject. Financial and economic indicators based on the data in accounting (financial) statements reflect the state of an economic entity at a certain date. The main drawback of accounting (financial) statements is that their indicators are of internal corporate origin. Neither investors nor other interested users were happy with them due to excessive complexity of perception.
Objectives. The study aims to develop a methodology for analyzing the human capital of economic entities based on an integrative indicator that determines the level of efficiency, sufficiency of this type of resource for economic entity development.
Methods. I employ methods of systems, comparative, structural, and logical analysis. The offered methodology rests on resource-oriented and integrative approaches.
Results. I present my own methodology, which enables to determine the size of economic entity’s capital when integrated reporting is generated. The methodology is based on the understanding and representation that each economic entity is a set of capital (resources). Through established deterministic relationships with the financial performance of economic entity, the participation of each capital in the formation of corresponding financial indicator and its efficiency are evaluated.
Conclusions. Most methods of human capital analysis provide a narrow assessment, without touching on relationship between indicators that affect the state of this type of capital, its potential change. This results in incorrect and incomplete reflection of capital in the integrated reporting through the indicators that do not estimate capital value and efficiency of use.
Minerals: From reproduction to capital
Authors: ANISIMOVA Alla B.
Published: May 2022

Subject. The article investigates the development of the reproduction term and compares the "reproduction" in the context of the mineral resources base.
Objectives. The aim is to trace the development of basic interpretations of the reproduction concept in economics, to compare the reproduction of capital and the reproduction of the mineral resource base as synonymous categories, to provide characteristics of the mineral as capital.
Methods. The study draws on empirical methods of comparison and description of theoretical concepts. The selected data were generalized and analyzed.
Results. The paper highlights major milestones of the reproduction concept development in economics, gives a definition of the term in various concepts of social reproduction. It describes the characteristics of the mineral as capital.
Conclusions. I developed models of circulation as compared with the movement of capital in spiral order with an increasing result after each completed circuit. A mineral product, like capital in the process of its circulation, demonstrates characteristics of circulation, which indicates that it has, among other things, monetary characteristics.
Financial and operating performance of the world's major public oil and gas corporations as an indicator of investment attractiveness of domestic vertically integrated oil and gas companies
Authors: SHIMKO Oleg V.
Published: May 2022

Subject. This article considers the financial, stock market, and operational indicators, as well as the ratios of financial and economic analysis obtained on their basis of the twenty five leading listed oil and gas companies within 2006 through 2018.
Objectives. The study aims to determine the current level of values of the financial, stock market, and operational indicators, as well as the ratios of financial and economic analysis of the leading publicly traded oil and gas companies, as well as identify the key trends in the changes within the studied period and factors that have caused these changes.
Methods. For the study, I used comparative, and financial and economic analyses, and generalization of materials of the companies' consolidated financial statements.
Results. The article shows certain changes in the balance sheet values of the companies' assets caused by the growth in the fixed assets value, and the changes in the market attractiveness of the oil and gas sector.
Conclusions. The article concludes that a decrease in the profitability of the industry's stock market segment despite the growth in raw material production affects the market attractiveness of the oil and gas sector negatively.
Digitalization in banking: All against all?
Authors: SMIRNOV Vladimir D.
Published: May 2022

Subject. This article examines the impact of banking transactions by online banks and non-banking organizations using new digital technologies on the business of traditional banks.
Objectives. The article aims to identify the customer and operating segments of the traditional credit institutions' activities, which are targeted by online banks and non-banking organizations, and determine the level of threat to the business of traditional banks from these organizations.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, and the logical and systems approaches.
Results. The article shows that the vast majority of online banks operate in narrow customer and operating niches. FinTech and large technology companies use some banking operations as a tool to promote sales of their core business products.
Conclusions and Relevance. Banking operations conducted by online banks, FinTech and large technology companies do not pose a critical threat to traditional banks, but they force traditional banks, along with changing customer preferences, to actively introduce digitalization into their activities to increase their price and product competitiveness in relation to digital competitors. The results of the study can be used by financial market participants, public authorities, as well as research and educational organizations in the analysis of the directions of development of the banking industry and the regulation of credit and settlement operations of non-banking organizations.
Modern methods of data mining: Applicability in the securities market
Authors: DMITRIEV Aleksei S.
Published: May 2022

Subject. The article addresses data mining methods, their applicability in the securities market.
Objectives. The aim is to identify the specifics of using modern data mining methods in the stock market, outline basic tenets for building a combined data mining model.
Methods. The study rests on logical and systems approaches, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, and comparative analysis.
Results. Based on the analysis of existing works and models, the paper unveils the specifics of using modern methods of data mining in the stock market, defines the main postulates for building a data mining model. The findings can be used by financial market participants, State authorities, and research and educational organizations.
Conclusions. Today, data mining methods are an alternative to the traditional portfolio analysis and management methods, being a logical continuation of them due to the ability to work with a large amount of diverse information and use approaches that overcome the shortcomings and limitations of other methods. To build a model of data mining to evaluate assets and portfolio management in the securities market, it is necessary to combine several methods of different models, combine the fundamental and technical analysis, and create systems for identifying asset volatility.
Footbridge - Cirkelbrug
Authors: Thie Edwin , Casas Cancer Oriol
Published: May 2022

The new footbridge near Almere in the Netherlands will facilitate a safe crossing over the Waterlandseweg and improve the recreational network in the area. The slender 240m long steel bridge generates two unique balconies on top of the bridge. The balconies and the shape of the bridge invites the user to enjoy the different views of the surroundings. The paper will further elaborate on the architectural design and user experience. The meandering shape leads to a constantly changing cross section, which was interesting translating to a rational structural design, and for assessing the risk of uncomfortable vibrations and need of dampers for control. Especially the seating area on the bridge over the canal was identified as an area of concern. The paper shows the approach taken and the results of steady state dynamic analyses, transient dynamic analyses and measurements of the final product. Transient dynamic analyses results are more accurate and less conservative than the steady-state analyses, but some deviation from the measured accelerations remained. This project shows it is advised to account for dampers at the design stage when analyses show dynamic sensitivity of the bridge. And actual testing is necessary for taking the final decisions on the need for dampers.
Sustainability and Visual Considerations for Footbridges Designed with Stainless Steel
Authors: Sobrino Juan A.
Published: May 2022

Despite the impact that stainless steel has had in the architecture, industrial applications and multitude of consumer products for more than 50 years, its presence in civil engineering structures is recent. Some interesting structures, mainly pedestrian bridges, have been built in the last two decades. Stainless steel creates a light, strong, corrosion-resistant, and elegant structure with premium aesthetics. The extended structure life-cycle typically offsets the higher capital cost of stainless steel due to the increased corrosion resistance and reduced maintenance, which in turn reduces the overall cost of ownership. This represents a net advantage for the asset owner and improves safety and long-term durability. Stainless steel is recognized as a sustainable material with a lower environmental impact, lightweight construction, and low maintenance and deconstruction cost over the bridge lifespan. Stainless steel is one of the highest recycling rates of any material.

This paper provides an overview of the sustainability and visual considerations for footbridges designed with stainless steel through a recently built example: the Garrison Crossing in Toronto.
"Unstable Branch" Footbridge in Borgo Rivola (RA), Italy
Authors: Peroni Marco , Minguzzi Nicolò , Favi Enrico
Published: May 2022

A new pedestrian walkway has to be built across the Senio River, in Borgo Rivola (RA), after the damages caused by an overflow to the existing one.

The project involves the construction of a new steel cable-stayed footbridge (in order to make intermediate pylons unnecessary). The walkway is precambered not only for structural purposes, but also to allow future overflows of the river causing no more structural damage. The name “unstable branch” was chosen because the shape of the steel pylon’s body, which supports the footbridge, is inspired to a tree branch whipped by the wind. It is inclined, but its stability is provided by the cables fixed to the ground on one side and connected to the footbridge on the other. The conformation of the pylon should blend and harmonize in the surrounding nature arousing the curiosity and attention of tourists, amazed by the lightness and the complicated interweaving of ropes that keeps the bridge in balance.

In the following pages, its static and dynamic behavior will be analysed, together with the description of the structure and how it will be constructed. Furthermore, a simple intervention to prevent the new footbridge to resonate with a crowd on will be proposed.
Hams Way Footbridge: Case Study of a Modern and Sustainable Pedestrian and Cycle Overbridge
Authors: Graham Finn , Curry Ben
Published: May 2022

The National Cycle Network is a UK-wide network of signed paths and routes for walking, cycling, and exploring outdoors. As part of the network's development, there was a need to replace an at-grade pedestrian crossing with an overbridge on the outskirts of Worcester. It was originally planned that a fabricator would lead the design and construction of a standard steel truss overbridge, but it became apparent that the surrounding landscape required a more sensitive approach to the design. The resulting structure, Hams Way Footbridge, provides this response: the bridge features smooth curves and intricate connections and is designed to catch shadow lines along its main members to enhance its lightweight appearance. The 42m long bowstring truss main span crosses 3 lanes below and is accessed by a long, elevated steel ramp on either side and a staircase to the North. This paper describes the design from concept through to detailed design, including an assessment of the embodied carbon.
The Design of Composite Girder with UFC Deck (Rigid-Frame Structure with UFC Deck)
Authors: Suematsu Shinsuke , Ota Yasuhiro , Ikeda Hiroki
Published: May 2022

The footbridge was selected in the proposal and has to be designed symbolic and nimble. It also has to guide many visitors from the current city area to other areas.

It is necessary to increase the number of visitors to the city and extend the sojourn time by improving the attractiveness of the city's coastal areas. The area around the main station, which has a history and charm since the opening of the port and has been the driving force of the regional economy as an area where business and commerce are concentrated, has been in the north area and south area with the relocation of the city hall in June this year. In both areas, many projects are developing in a continuous process. The location of large-scale facilities will continue, and it is expected that the area will become even more lively due to the increase in visitors.

For this background, many visitors to the main station are smoothly guided to other areas in the north area and south area, such as the famous Y-Park, Chinatown, and old town, to improve mobility. Since this will lead to the revitalization of those districts, a pedestrian deck will be constructed to connect the center buildings in front of the main station and the central Park.

We carried out preliminary bridge design and landscape design while considering future maintenance and the surrounding environment for the construction of a pedestrian deck that is safe and comfortable and is in harmony with the facilities near this one.

The footbridge has a moderate presence and is not heavy-looking in the town as an entrance gate of the main road.
Integrating Embodied Carbon Feedback into Footbridge Design
Authors: Nip Koon Lok (Stephen)
Published: May 2022

This paper demonstrates a new workflow that integrates an embodied carbon assessment into a standard footbridge design process.

Engineers are becoming increasingly conscious of the need to minimise the carbon content of their designs. However, evaluating this is often treated as a separate task requiring designers to calculate the embodied carbon of each individual footbridge component. As a result, it is often carried out at a later stage when adapting to a lower embodied carbon design can be more difficult.

A new workflow is developed to integrate embodied carbon feedback in the design process. It involves the use of parametric scripts and the ability to obtain information from finite element analysis (FEA) models prepared using proprietary software such as Lusas and MidasCivil. The use of this gives designers greater flexibility to make meaningful changes to reduce the embodied carbon.

This paper will discuss this powerful methodology and will provide examples demonstrating the benefits of implementing this workflow.
Flow Bridge – a User Oriented FRP Modular Footbridge
Authors: Escallón Miguel
Published: May 2022

This paper describes a unique approach to the design and fabrication of composite FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymer) level-crossing replacement footbridges in rural and semi-rural environments Network Rail, the rail network operator in the United Kingdom. The team set out to design a lightweight, cost-effective, and aesthetically pleasing modular system as an alternative to existing solutions within the industry.

The team’s workflow challenged conventional procurement methodologies and allowed for quick decision making and out-of-the-box thinking. Through early contractor involvement in the design process, continuous cat-3 checks, a centralised parametric BIM model, and swift procurement tactics, a working full size prototype was delivered in record time.

The design was conceived around the user experience, aesthetics, functionality, materiality, cost, and structural performance. This holistic design approach resulted in an innovative and eye-catching solution that blends route-wide repeatability and off-site manufacture, with adaptability to local context.
As Small Infrastructures Make a Great Landscape: Green Belt 7 Bridges Project, in Lingang, Shanghai
Authors: Arroyo Pedro Pablo , Porras-Isla Fernando
Published: May 2022

This paper relates to the Conference's theme: "Footbridges as an important part of a system: the context as an experience". Our purpose is to explore the relations between the small and the large scale and the ability of the former to modify the later. Infrastructures such as footbridges are often pieces that solve local problems, i.e., to save topographical discontinuities, but according to our thesis they also entail an enormous potential to become links of mega landscape structures, transforming and enriching them. To develop our argumentation, we will use our project Green Belt 7 Landscape Bridges. After introducing the context, we will explain the design of a phenomenological system, followed by the presentation of each bridge as a built public space and a virtual navigation network that links them all. The conclusions synthesize how relations among singular interventions, through a common comprehensive narrative, make the result more complex than their sum of the separate projects and allow for a new understanding of the territory to emerge.
Dynamic Response Prediction of Lightweight Pedestrian Structures: Equivalent Crowd-Structure System
Authors: Gallegos-Calderón Christian , Naranjo-Pérez Javier , Goicolea José M. , García-Palacios Jaime H. , Díaz Iván M.
Published: May 2022

In the analysis of lightweight footbridges subjected to pedestrian actions, the vertical dynamic response is often overestimated when Human-Structure Interaction (HSI) is omitted. To account for the phenomenon, a Single- Degree of Freedom (DOF) system has been employed to represent a person. When dealing with a stream of people, this approach may lead to an expensive computational problem as several DOFs have to be managed. An alternative to overcome this issue is modelling the crowd as a distributed Mass-Spring- Damper-Actuator system acting on the structure. Hence, an equivalent time-invariant system with two DOFs can be obtained while considering HSI. This paper proposes a procedure to determine the resonant response of pedestrian structures subjected to a flow of walking pedestrians. Through the construction of a Transfer Function in the frequency domain, accounting for the parameters of the crowd and the structure, the dynamic analysis can be addressed by computing a simple algebraic multiplication. The proposed approach is applied to a lightweight Fibre Reinforced Polymer footbridge, which has been recently designed and built by the authors at the School of Civil Engineering – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. A weak traffic class (0.2 pedestrians/m²) is the considered load scenario for the assessment of the structural acceleration response. As a good agreement between experimental and numerical results is shown, the proposal may be employed for the fast prediction of the dynamic response of other lightweight pedestrian structures at design stage.
Dynamic Response of Footbridges in Eurocodes: Towards an Accurate Assessment of Human-Induced Vibrations
Authors: Naranjo-Pérez Javier , Renedo Carlos M. C. , Gallegos-Calderón Christian , Goicolea José M. , Díaz Iván M.
Published: May 2022

The design of footbridges is usually strongly conditioned by the dynamic response of the structure. Thus, clear and accurate recommendations are needed by the designers to assess the vibration serviceability limit state. The previous versions of the Eurocodes addressed this issue in a very cursory manner. Nevertheless, several practical guidelines shed light on this absence of technical guidance. For this reason, the current Eurocodes include a detail procedure to account for the human-induced vibrations, proposing dynamic load models and factors which depend on the activity exerted. In this paper, the main aspects included in this latter version are explained. Besides, the procedure is applied to obtain the accelerations of a real footbridge modelled in a finite element software. The results are compared with those obtained employing two more advances methods which consider the interaction between the human and the structure: one in time domain and the other in frequency domain.
Capital Budgeting Analysis in Coal Hauling Subscription Business Model
Authors: Sumawinata Ignatius Indrawan , Suryani Okia Verda , Johan Suwinto
Published: May 2022

Volatile coal business conditions have become a challenge for coal mining business practitioners, PT ABC is one of them. PT ABC is a market leader for coal mining hauling equipment in Indonesia. Considering this company is owned by a listed mining company, the company name is covered up. One possible solution is to solidify the revenue by adopting the subscription business model. This study aims to assess investment feasibility by providing a capital budgeting analysis to develop the “Subscription Business Model in Coal Mining Business Sector”. The parameter to verify this project will apply IRR calculation, Net Present Value, Payback Period, ROE, and ROI. The result shows that the IRR value is 28,3%, the Net Present Value is IDR 198,8 Bio, the Payback period is 3,4 years, ROE is 509,1%, and ROI is 50,9%. Through this analysis, it is found that the results indicate the business plan is feasible to implement taking into account all required parameters. Kondisi bisnis batubara yang fluktuatif menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi para pelaku bisnis pertambangan batubara, salah satunya PT ABC. Perusahaan ini merupakan pemimpin pasar untuk peralatan pengangkutan pertambangan batubara di Indonesia. Sehubungan dengan perusahaan ini dimiliki oleh emiten pertambangan, maka nama perusahaan disamarkan. Dalam rangka memperkuat pendapatan, salah satu solusi yang mungkin dilakukan adalah dengan mengadopsi model bisnis berlangganan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menilai kelayakan investasi dengan memberikan analisis penganggaran modal untuk mengembangkan “Model Bisnis Berlangganan di Bidang Usaha Pertambangan Batubara”. Parameter untuk memverifikasi proyek ini akan menggunakan perhitungan IRR, Net Present Value, Payback Period, ROE, dan ROI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai IRR sebesar 28,3%, Net Present Value sebesar Rp. 198,8 Bio, Payback Period 3,4 tahun, ROE 509,1% dan ROI 50,9%. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh aspek penganggaran modal memenuhi parameter yang disyaratkan sehingga rencana bisnis ini layak untuk dilaksanakan.
Pengaruh Orientasi Pasar dan Orientasi Wirausaha terhadap Kinerja Bisnis pada UKM Butik di ITC Mangga Dua
Authors: Ferawati Aprillia
Published: May 2022

This research was conducted to see whether market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and marketing capability are factors that affect the performance of a boutique business, and it is hoped that this research can be input for business owners to be able to innovate and continue to survive in the face of competition. This type of research is quantitative and processed using PLS. This research was conducted at a boutique at ITC Mangga Dua. 108 questionnaires were distributed which were given to owners or managers. And this study found that market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and marketing capability have a significant effect on the performance of the boutique business. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat apakah orientasi pasar, orientasi wirausaha, dan kemampuan pemasaran menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja bisnis butik, serta diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan bagi pemilik usaha agar dapat berinovasi dan terus bertahan menghadapi persaingan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dan diolah menggunakan PLS. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada butik di ITC Mangga Dua. Kuesioner yang disebarkan sebanyak 108 yang diberikan kepada pemilik ataupun manajer. Dan pada penelitian ini menemukan bahwa orientasi pasar, orientasi wirausaha, dan kemampuan pemasaran berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja bisnis butik tersebut.