bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance test of several sweet potato genotypes against sweetpotato weevil Cylas formicarius Fabricus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the lowlands
Authors: Syahnas F , Bakti D , Lubis L , Rosmayati  , Rahmawati N
Published: June 2019

The sweetpotato weevil (SPW), Cylas formicarius Fabricius, is the main pest in sweet potatoes and spread throughout the world. One of the efforts that can be used to reduce SPW attacks is to use sweet potato genotypes that contain high beta-carotene. The objective of this research was to know the resistance level of some sweet potato genotypes to sweetpotato weevil in the lowlands. This research used a randomized block design with one factor, namely sweet potato consisting of 5 genotypes that came from different accessions (Saribu Dolok Simalungun, Kesemak Simalungu, Batang Beruh Dairi, Binjai accession and National Superior Varieties Beta-1). This research was carried out in Cengkeh Turi, Binjai Utara, Sumatera Utara from April to August 2018. The results showed that the lowest intensity and percentage of attack was on sweet potato accession of Saribu Dolok Simalungun, which was 7.94% and 27.08% respectively while the highest intensity and percentage of attack was on sweet potato accession of Batang Beruh Dairi, which was 18.60% and 48.7% respectively. It is recommended that Saribu Dolok accession is more resistance rather than others and suitable to grow on low land.
Analysis of changes in morphological characteristics of leaves and stems in some sweet potato cultivars (Ipomoea batatas L.) from Simalungun and Dairi highlands planting in the lowlands
Authors: Irwan M , Rosmayati  , Hanafiah D S , Rahmawati N , Bakti D
Published: June 2019

Sweet potatoes can grow in the lowlands and highlands. The ability of sweet potatoes to grow outside their provenance is determined by their ability to adapt to new environments that can be seen from changes in agronomic character. This research aimed to analyse the changes in the morphological character of leaves and stems in some sweet potato cultivars from the Simalungun and Dairi Highlands planted in the lowlands. The experiment was conducted from April to August 2018 in the experimental garden in Cengkeh Turi Village, Binjai. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with one factor, namely the sweet potato plant genotype consisting of 5 genotypes from different accessions (accession of Saribu Dolok Simalungun, accession of Kesemak Simalungun, accession of Batang Beruh Dairi, accession of Binjai and variety of Beta-1). The results showed that cultivars of sweet potato G5 (Seribu Dolok), G6 (Kampung Kesemak) and G10 (Batang Beruh) originating from the highlands of Simalungun and Dairi as well as Beta-1 have leaf and character if planted in the lowlands. The three cultivars from the highlands were able to grow well in the lowlands while in the accession of a thousand land did not have differences in morphology.
Evaluation of land suitability on arabica coffee plantation by parametric method in Lintongnihuta District
Authors: Marbun P , Nasution Z , Hanum H , Karim A
Published: June 2019

This study aims to establish the land suitability class and improvement efforts that need to be done in each of the Soil Map Unit (SMU) on arabica coffee fields in Lintongnihuta district. Results of overlaying the map of soil type, the map of altitude and slope map with a scale of 1: 50,000 produced 13 SMU. Evaluation of several soil characteristics (texture, coarse fragment, CaCO3 and salinity) must consider the appropriate soil depth, where the normal root depth of the Arabica coffee plant is 150 cm, so that it uses 6 (six) parts of the depth of the soil with a depth of 25 cm for each section. Correction indexes used in succession are: 2.00 - 1.5 - 1.00 - 0.75 - 0.5 - 0.25.The results showed that all SMU in Arabica coffee land in Lintongnihuta District has the actual land suitability class S3 (f) (marginally suitable, limiting factor: soil fertility). Improvement efforts that can be done are: giving lime, organic material, fertilization and reclamation. All SMU has the potential land suitability classS2 (c,s)(moderately suitable, limiting factor: climate and natural soil).
The use of polyethylene glycol as simulating media of drought stress on viability of seeds varieties of Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) on germination stadia
Authors: Yuningsih R , Siregar L A M , Damanik R I M
Published: June 2019

This study was aimed at determining cacao varieties that are tolerant to drought stress and assessing the effectiveness of the use of PEG 6000 as a media simulation to drought stress. Experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) non-factorial, replication four times. PEG concentration, consisted of 4 levels, namely control, 15%, 20%, and 25%. PEG concentration on 25% exerted significant effects on viability for twelve days. While PEG concentration on 20% and 15%.
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database search for rubber plant Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Basyuni M , Hayati R , Pratomo B , Lisnawita
Published: June 2019

The present study describes search National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases (GQuery) on rubber plant Hevea brasiliensis Mull. Arg. NCBI databases search (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) was employed to generate a number of valuable information. Results found in 26 databases for H. brasiliensis. All databases of the rubber plant consist of literature, genes, genes, protein genomes, and chemical properties of H. brasiliensis. It is noteworthy no information concerning genetics. The literature contained bookshelf, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), National Library of Medicine Catalogue, PubMed, and PubMed Central. Health comprised only OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database), Gene consists of EST, Gene, GEO DataSets, and PopSet. No Genetics data available for H. brasiliensis. Proteins feature contained Identical Protein Groups, Protein Clusters, Sparcle, and Structure. Genomes included Assembly, BioCollections, BioProject, BioSample, Genome, GSS, Nucleotide, Probe, SRA, and Taxonomy. The chemicals property denoted BioSystems and PubChem BioAssay. The present work provides essential information relating to biotechnology.
Effect of liquid organic fertilizer on the rice varieties field production
Authors: Ginting J
Published: June 2019

Rice production for rice supply in Indonesia still needs to be increased in line with the growing population growth. One effort that can be done by planting high-yielding rice varieties and using liquid organic fertilizer. This study aims to obtain the rice variety which is the best in production among the varieties studied in this study and the appropriate concentration of liquid organic fertilizer is applied. The study was conducted in Sendang Rejo Village, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The study used a Randomized Block Design with two treatment factors, namely: Liquid Organic Treatment Factor consists of 4 levels of treatment: Mo=Without liquid organic fertilizer. M1 = 3 cc/l of water. M2 = 6 cc/l of water. M3 = 9 cc/l of water. Variety treatment factors consisted of 3 types of paddy rice varieties: V1 = Ciherang. V2 = Inpari 30. V3 = Inpari 32. The results showed that the highest grain production is found in the treatment of liquid organic fertilizer 6 cc/l water with a production of 27.48 g per plant (4.40 tons/ha). There is a tendency of the highest production found in the variety of Inpari 32 with a production of 26.38 g per plant (4.22 tons/ha).
Application of fertilizer type and dosage toward brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stall.) attack level on several paddy (Oryza sativa L.) varieties
Authors: Tarigan A B , Marheni  , Ginting J
Published: June 2019

Usage management of inorganic fertilizers into organic fertilizers can reduce the attack level of brown planthopper. The organic matter can increase tolerance of plants to pest attacks. The objective of this research was to determine the cow manure dosage against the attack level of brown planthopper on several paddy plants varieties. This research was conducted on paddy fields in Serdang Village, Beringin Sub-District, Deli Serdang District from March to July 2018. This study used a two-factor randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The First Factor was the dosage of fertilizer which consisted of 4 treatments (inorganic fertilizer, 50 kg/plot of manure, 100 kg/plot of manure and 150 kg/plot of manure). The second Factor was the varieties which consisted of 2 varieties treatment (Ciherang and Inpari 10). Result showed that P2 fertilizer dosage (100 kg/plot) was able to reduce the percentage of brown planthopper attack. V2 variety (Inpari 10) was a treatment that can reduce the percentage of brown planthopper attack. The interaction between fertilizer dosage and variety of V2P2 (Inpari 10 + 100 kg/plot) was the best treatment in suppressing the percentage of brown planthopper attack.
The effect of sulfur and Rhizobium sp application to the growth and nodulation of Mucuna bracteata
Authors: Wahyuni M , Sembiring M , Wagino  , Sihite H G
Published: June 2019

Planting of legumes cover crop, Mucuna bracteata, aims to reduce erosion, increase organic matter, improve soil structure and increase nutrient N. Factors that influence N fixation are food sources, rainfall, sunlight, pH, presence of toxic and competitors. The pH value of the soil is related to the Sulfur element S (sulfur). The study was conducted with 4x4 factorial design with 3 replications. The first factor in the dosage of sulfur consists of S0 (0g), S1 (30g), S2 (60g), S3 (90g) per plant. The second factor is the dose of Rhizobium sp, I0 (0ml), I1 (0.3ml), I2 (0.6ml), I3 (0.9ml), every 1 ml contains 106 cells. Observations were length of tendrils, number of leaves, number of nodules and levels of N. The results of treatment S significantly affected the length of tendrils, number of leaves, number of root nodules, most in S3, 127.50 and soil pH. . Treatment I significantly affected the increase in the number of root nodules, in I3 it increased 86.93%. N levels of all treatments in the high category. The highest N level is 4.17% for S3I2 treatment (90g sulfur and 0.6ml Rhizobium sp).
Provision of micoriza arbuscula in some types of grass to the degree of infection and phosporus uptake
Authors: Kurniawati E , Diana N , Delvian
Published: June 2019

This study was conducted in Faculty of Agriculture North Sumatera University. This study used a factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) consisting of two factors. The first factor was type of grass and the second factor is the microfer level with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The results of the diversity analysis showed the use of MVA significantly (P <0.05) in the degree of root infection and phospor uptake. This study use five types of grass (S) with MVA levels (M). The ratio of the degree of root is found in the M3 treatment 47.53% and the ratio of phosporus uptake is found in the M3 treatment 110.10% and the ratio of phosporus uptake is found in the S1 treatment 91.85%. From this study, it can be concluded that the best treatment is found in M3 treatment.
Strategic priorities for developing the agro-industrial complex and rural areas of the region
Authors: Zakshevsky V G , Charykova O G , Merenkova I N
Published: June 2019

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the steady growth of agricultural production in the region and the lag in the development of social infrastructure, low attractiveness of the village. The presence of significant reserves of the spatial development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the region makes it possible to optimistically predict that the project-targeted management of the implementation of the strategic priorities of the development of the AIC would improve the standard of living of the rural population and the spatial organization of territorial entities. The purpose of this scientific work is to substantiate the strategic directions for the development of the regional agro-industrial complex as a locomotive for the economic growth of the regional economy, contributing to the creation of comfortable living conditions for the rural population. The study used monographic and balance methods, economic and statistical ones, including cluster analysis, strategic analysis, theoretical and practical development of the authors. The study shows the increasing role of the agro-industrial sector in the region’s economy and substantiates the strategic directions of development: ensuring the growth rate of agricultural and food products, leading all-Russian indicators, expanding export-oriented agricultural production; formation of breeding and breeding base; the introduction of digital economy technologies in agriculture; greening production and the development of organic agriculture. To create comfortable living conditions and livelihoods in rural areas, the main priority areas have been proposed, related to meeting the needs of the rural population in well-equipped housing and increasing the level of integrated infrastructure in rural areas with social infrastructure facilities. The implementation of the identified strategic priorities for the development of the agro-industrial complex and the social infrastructure will help to increase the efficiency of using the reserves of the agro-industrial complex and rural areas.
Regional land use by farms of the Russian Federation
Authors: Polunin G , Alakoz V , Cherkashin K
Published: June 2019

World practice shows the important role of farming in agricultural production and its significant impact on the level of rural life in the country. The purpose of the study is to examine the state of farming in Russia today. This form of hosting in the Russian Federation began to revive relatively recently and is developing more actively than other forms in rural areas. But it is accompanied by a number of problems requiring attention from the state: lack of access to additional funds for a significant proportion of farms (both subsidies and loans); conflicts of interest with large landowners; low viability of small farms; low qualification of the labor force, including the heads of farms; the presence of fictitious farms without land area and farms with a huge area with a high proportion of employees. The situation is significantly aggravated in the regions with unfavorable agro-climatic conditions, such as the Non-Black-Earth Zone, the northern regions of the Volga Region, the Urals, and Siberia. Existing support programs at the federal level are not enough, agricultural cooperation is not developing. In most of the subjects with relatively low development of the peasant (farm) economy, programs for supporting small farms have not been adopted. In order to ensure the development of rural areas, taking into account the interests of the local population, it is proposed to assign the responsibility of land management to the experts, who could plan the development of the agro-industrial complex in rural areas.
An organizational-economic mechanism for effective work of peasant farms: concept, structure, and directions for improvement
Authors: Sushentsova S , Litvina N
Published: June 2019

The modern period of the formation and development of the farming sector in Russia has more than 25 years, during which the growth rates of the main economic indicators of its subjects exceeded the levels of similar indicators of other agricultural producers. The paper discusses changes in the physical volume index, providing a number of observations revealing causal mechanisms in the work of peasant farms in Russia. Consideration of these factors, as well as evaluation of the effectiveness of the work of peasant farm revealed a whole range of problems and difficulties in the process of agricultural production. The paper also provides recommendations aimed improving the efficiency of the already operating peasant farms, which would a positive impact on the overall development of the farming sector of Russia’s national economy.
Legal and psychological view on the development of rural areas of the Russian Federation
Authors: Petrova L , Fedotova T , Eremin V
Published: June 2019

The paper focuses on the main directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of rural development through their legal and psychological analysis. The need for such research is due to the lag in the development of rural areas, a weak legal framework, a lack of understanding of the psychological laws of the urgent problems of rural development. The focus is on the issues of the conceptual apparatus, the analysis of the Russian legislation on the legal regulation of agricultural, labor, and social relations in agriculture. When creating documents of federal importance, it is necessary to take into account the psychological specifics of the rural population. The study focuses on the relationship between the legal and psychological approach to the development of rural areas of the Russian Federation, making a proposal to improve the Russian legislation in certain areas of legal regulation of legal relations in agriculture.
Employment in rural Russia
Authors: Bondarenko L , Tatarova L
Published: June 2019

The article provides a multi-dimensional analysis of the employment situation in the rural areas of the Russian Federation. It presents the dynamics of employment levels and general unemployment of the rural population in the period of 2000-2017. The groupings of the subjects of the Russian Federation by the levels of employment of the rural population and the general unemployment in rural settlements are given, indicating a large regional differentiation. The features of the rural labor market in Russia are revealed, under which accounting for the unemployed according to the methodology of the International Labor Organization distorts the perception of the real scale of rural unemployment. The gap between general and registered unemployment is shown, indicating that the majority of rural unemployed are outside the state-regulated labor market. The problem of material support for the unemployed is analyzed. The main goal of the state employment policy in the rural territories of Russia and the main organizational and economic mechanisms to achieve it have been formulated.
Key challenges and opportunities of scientific and technological development of Russia’s crop industry
Authors: Rudoy E , Petukhova M , Ryumkin S
Published: June 2019

The global challenges that many countries will face in the near future, including Russia, require transforming their economies, searching for windows of opportunities, and adapting to new conditions. The plant growing industry is one of the main sectors for the country’s economy, as it ensures its food security. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify the key global trends, i.e. the direction in which the world market for crop production is moving, as well as how demand and supply for it could change in the future. The purpose of this work is to identify key challenges and “windows of opportunity” for the plant industry, including seed production and organic farming, which will be divided into several groups: economic, social, technological, and environmental, as well as in the following areas: technology and market conditions. To achieve this goal, the following aspects are reviewed in the paper: global trends, challenges and threats in the crop industry, windows of opportunities for Russia, and promising markets for crop technology. The study reveals that the main trends in the scientific and technological development of the industry are the following: biologization, informatization, urbanization, and robotization. Moreover, due to population growth, the shift in demand for organic products, the unevenness of people living in the city and rural areas, etc. are also the emerging challenges to be addressed.
The economic mechanism of innovative development of the industry
Authors: Idrisova E
Published: June 2019

The article analyzes the main theoretical approaches to the concept of “economic mechanism.” It is concluded that the elements of the economic mechanism, affecting the intermarket segment of the agri-food market and the market for innovations, accelerate industry development. The innovative development of the industry is affected by the application of organizational, regulatory, informational, production, personnel measures. The choice of specific methods and tools of the economic mechanism depends on the sectoral features, the level of sectoral innovation development.
Relationship of the dairy industry with processing
Authors: Bykovskaya N , Vlasova I , Kiryan V
Published: June 2019

Relationships between the dairy cattle breeding industry with processing enterprises are considered. The paper analyzes the dynamics of prices. The interrelation of prices in the production of milk between the participants of the production technological chain is presented in the form of a “vicious circle” of price increases. The resolution of the price problem is possible due to the innovative development and production of dairy products with lower costs.
Formation of the development strategy of the agro-industrial complex of the Tambov region on the basis of the scenario approach
Authors: Yu Antsiferova O , Myagkova E A , Tolstoshein K V
Published: June 2019

The aim of the study is to substantiate the strategic parameters of the development of the agro-industrial sector in the region. In accordance with it, the need to develop a strategy based on inertial, local innovation and the system innovation development scenarios is substantiated. The features of each of the scenarios were determined, relating to the rate of increase in production, as well as the satisfaction of regional needs for these products. The analysis of forecast scenarios for the development of agricultural sectors was carried out on the example of dairy cattle breeding, which showed that the potential created by this industry in the Tambov region is sufficient to implement an innovative approach to solving technological problems of increasing production efficiency.
Traceability as a management tool for processing poultry products
Authors: Valdokhina S , Vedenkina I , Roiter L
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this article is to consider the traceability system from the standpoint of a tool for managing technologies for processing poultry products. The issues of quality and safety of poultry products are considered in the paper, along with the technology of slaughter, primary and deep processing of poultry meat and eggs. Authors also discuss the sequence of implementation of each stage of the technological process, identifying critical control points and causes of deviations from the regulatory parameters in the implementation of technological solutions. Violations of critical limits along the whole chain of the technological process of processing poultry products are among the main factors that reduce the performance of technologies for the implementation of relevant processes. As an effective tool in solving these problem areas, namely, improving the effectiveness of technological solutions, is a traceability system that allows one to develop corrective and preventive actions to eliminate the resulting deviations during slaughter, primary and deep processing of eggs and poultry meat.
Milk consumption trends
Authors: Semenova E , Shumeiko N
Published: June 2019

The article describes the main trends in the consumption of milk in Russia. The state of the milk market is characterized by a mismatch between production and consumption. The consumption of milk and dairy products is characterized by an increase in the production of healthy dairy products, fortified, dairy, organic products, the impact of the share of imports on the demand for domestic milk and dairy products, the effect of solvency on the demand for dairy products.
On the transition to a digital economy in the context of integration and globalization
Authors: Kosogor S
Published: June 2019

In this article, the transition to a digital economy is considered both in terms of integration within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, in which the Russian Federation is the system integrator, and in the context of globalization, when there is a competition between the two global digital giants: China and the US. At the same time, along with a general assessment of the transition to a digital economy in Russian agriculture, both Russia’s place in the global digital transformation and the preliminary results of monitoring the global technological trends in the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation in the “great digital revolution” phase, which is noted by S. Yu. Glazyev.
Reducing the threat to environmental security through the conservation of biodiversity of territories
Authors: Abzhamilov S T , Anara M K , Atabekov U A , Kaparova M K , Sarymsakova A T
Published: June 2019

The nature of the variability of the population structure of green toads (Bufo danatensis Pis.) depending on the natural and anthropogenic differentiation of landscapes is a prerequisite for solving the problems of protection and utilization of biodiversity. Today, the problem of disturbing natural ecosystems due to human activity is the most pressing one. The paper presents an analysis of the population of green toads (Bufo danatensis Pis.) living in the Pamir-Alay mountain system, southwestern regions of Tien Shan, eastern part of the Fergana Valley. This population is of value for the ecosystem of the studied territories and its natural population, which proves variability if species depending on the terrain elevation. In order to perform morphometric and phenetic analysis of Bufo danatensis populations, the series of 40-90 species of the same size group in various landscape zones were used, preserved in 4% formalin. Capture and observations were performed in the daytime and at night time, depending on the nature of diurnal activity. We have determined the body weight (M), body length (L), length of thigh (F), length of second thigh (T), length of the first (inner) finger of a hindlimb (D.p.), total length of the inner calcaneal tuber (C.int.l.), and the height of the calcaneal tuber (C.int.h.). We have calculated proportions used in Anura taxons: L/T, F/T, D.p./C.int.l., T/C.int.l., C.int.h./C.Int.l. We have determined the features of tuberosity, as well as the features of the pattern on the limbs (on the forelimbs - antibrachium, on the hindlimbs - second thigh) for a green toad. The maculation on the belly and throat, as well as features of a dorsal stripe were individually assessed. The measurements were carried out with a caliper with an accuracy of 0.1 mm; 219 specimens of a green toad were treated. The paper contains an analysis of morphometric and phenetic structures of green toads in various landscape zones of the Pamir-Alay. Following the results of research, it was found that the difference between populations of green toads in terms of body size and a dorsomedial stripe in various altitudinal belts is highly significant; in addition, a wedge-like variability has been identified.
Prerequisites for the growth of the life quality through assessing transactions and payments in the banking sector
Authors: Parushina N , Deminova S , Suchkova N
Published: June 2019

The article raises one of the urgent problems of modern management related to the management of economic sustainability and its social development. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the prerequisites for the growth of life quality and its impact on the transactions and payments in the banking sector. The link between demand and supply of banking services contributes to the economic growth and sustainability of the country’s economic and social development. The recommendations are justified by scientific research in this field, analytical reports of the Russian Bank. The authors’ own point of view when substantiating the relationship between the life quality, demand and the state of banking services is based on the need for analysis and monitoring payments and adjustments to banking policy.
Ecological-geochemical investigations of dust emissions over the aldan mining node area (Sakha Republic, Yakutia) by studying the snow cover
Authors: Melnikov A E
Published: June 2019

Since the first time of its exploration (1924), the Aldan District, being an administrative and territorial unit of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) of the Russian Federation, has become one of the largest and most developed mining areas in Yakutia. Here deposits of molybdenum, uranium, iron, chemical raw materials, fluorite, phlogopite, construction materials, gems and semi-precious stones, as well as ground waters, are concentrated. Due to its unique richness in terms of its natural resources, the territory has been the subject of intense economic development, which could not but have negatively impacted the ecological situation in the natural environment including, in the first place, in the residential areas. A snow cover geochemical survey was carried out over the Aldan District in order to assess the changes in the geological environment (as an ecosystem component) under the influence of natural and technogenic factors. The studies covered an area of 8600 km2. The analysis of the total chemical composition of snow water as well as solid and soluble snow cover components not only allowed the background parameters to be characterised, but also made it possible to establish the distribution areas for the anomalous concentrations of pollutants as well as reveal the sources of their formation. Two large nodes of technogenic pollution having areas of 320 km2 and 220 km2 respectively were identified in the studied area along with a number of smaller sites. The mapped nodes and sites are formed as a result of the activities of mining complexes, transport enterprises and residential areas. On the basis of the results of the snow geochemical survey, it can be concluded that regional (long-range) pollution in the district is absent.
Interconnection of the natural agro-tourist potential of the rural territories of Western Siberia and the living standards of the rural population
Authors: Nardina S A , Nardin D S , Remizova A A
Published: June 2019

The methodological approach to the study of the relationship between the natural agro-tourist potential of rural areas and the standard of living of the rural population is justified in the article. Methodology for estimating the natural agro-tourist potential of rural territories and the methodology for assessing the living standard of rural population of municipal districts are developed. In accordance with the proposed methodology, an assessment was made and the relationship was identified between the natural agro-tourist potential of rural areas and the level of life of the rural population. The higher assessment of natural potential shows the higher living standards of the rural population. At the same time, it was revealed that the effective implementation of high natural agro-tourist potential and the increase of the level of life of the rural population on this basis have a significant impact on the remoteness of rural areas from the regional center and the development of transport infrastructure.
Comprehensive monitoring of the territorial technosphere for environmental and economic accounting
Authors: Palatkin I V , Bezborodova O E , Bodin O N
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses the use of integrated monitoring of the territorial technosphere to collect primary environmental information for the work of the system of environmental and economic accounting and maintenance of the system of national accounts. An information-measuring system is given, which includes this subsystem and collects this information. It was proposed to integrate environmental factors of the territorial technosphere objects into environmental-economic groups depending on the similarity of the technological processes used at the territorial technosphere objects, production equipment, raw materials and materials, taking into account the standards for the cost of their environmental impact.
Export problems of nationally produced goods in terms of deep and comprehensive free trade area with the EU
Authors: Aroshidze P , Mamuladze G , Gechbaila B
Published: June 2019

The optimal use of this agreement has great importance for countries with deep and comprehensive trade with Europe. The aim of the research is to study export potentials and factors which influence the growth of export of post-socialist and euro-integration supporting countries participating in this agreement. The aim of research is also to identify the importance of deep and comprehensive trade with the EU for economic development of the countries. The move to a new formulation led to the disruption of industrial forces in most of the countries, and also eliminated the traditional manufacturing fields in which these countries had a comparative and absolute advantage. The result is that the main problem of local producers is that most of them do not know the preferences that are given to the EU market, also, most manufacturers fail to produce the number of products that would satisfy the customer and most of the do not have quality certifying certificates. In order to improve the situation, the article provides the measures and marketing recommendations to be implemented by the country, which, we think, is common to those countries that have signed the free trade regime with Georgia and face similar problems.
Developing the grain sector of Russia’s agriculture: current challenges and development factors
Authors: Slepneva L R , Tsyrenov N E , Onhonov A D
Published: June 2019

The grain complex of the agro-industrial complex of Russia (AIC) is considered in the article as the basic and strategic industry of the agro-industrial complex of the national economy. The grain sector is the basis for the sustainable functioning of the entire AIC. The problems of the development of the grain sector of the agro-industrial complex in the Russian Federation, as well as the main factors for increasing the efficiency (sustainability) of its operation in the agro-industrial complex of Russia, are discussed in the article.
The failure of Kodaira vanishing for Fano varieties, and terminal singularities that are not Cohen-Macaulay
Authors: Totaro Burt
Published: June 2019

We show that the Kodaira vanishing theorem can fail on smooth Fano varieties of any characteristic

p
>
0

p>0

. Taking cones over some of these varieties, we give the first examples of terminal singularities which are not Cohen-Macaulay. By a different method, we construct a terminal singularity of dimension 3 (the lowest possible) in characteristic 2 which is not Cohen-Macaulay.
Nanopype: a modular and scalable nanopore data processing pipeline
Authors: Giesselmann Pay , Hetzel Sara , Müller Franz-Josef , Meissner Alexander , Kretzmer Helene
Published: June 2019

Long-read third-generation nanopore sequencing enables researchers to now address a range of questions that are difficult to tackle with short read approaches. The rapidly expanding user base and continuously increasing throughput have sparked the development of a growing number of specialized analysis tools. However, streamlined processing of nanopore datasets using reproducible and transparent workflows is still lacking. Here we present Nanopype, a nanopore data processing pipeline that integrates a diverse set of established bioinformatics software while maintaining consistent and standardized output formats. Seamless integration into compute cluster environments makes the framework suitable for high-throughput applications. As a result, Nanopype facilitates comparability of nanopore data analysis workflows and thereby should enhance the reproducibility of biological insights.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/giesselmann/nanopype, https://nanopype.readthedocs.io.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
VarMap: a web tool for mapping genomic coordinates to protein sequence and structure and retrieving protein structural annotations
Authors: Stephenson James D , Laskowski Roman A , Nightingale Andrew , Hurles Matthew E , Thornton Janet M
Published: June 2019

Motivation

Understanding the protein structural context and patterning on proteins of genomic variants can help to separate benign from pathogenic variants and reveal molecular consequences. However, mapping genomic coordinates to protein structures is non-trivial, complicated by alternative splicing and transcript evidence.

Results

Here we present VarMap, a web tool for mapping a list of chromosome coordinates to canonical UniProt sequences and associated protein 3D structures, including validation checks, and annotating them with structural information.

Availability and implementation

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/VarMap.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Role of activin, follistatin, and inhibin in the regulation of Kiss-1 gene expression in hypothalamic cell models†
Authors: Tumurgan Zolzaya , Kanasaki Haruhiko , Tumurbaatar Tuvshintugs , Oride Aki , Okada Hiroe , Hara Tomomi , Kyo Satoru
Published: June 2019

Kisspeptin (encoded by the Kiss-1 gene) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus governs the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by regulating pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Meanwhile, kisspeptin in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) region has been implicated in estradiol (E2)-induced GnRH surges. Kiss-1–expressing cell model mHypoA-55 exhibits characteristics of Kiss-1 neurons in the ARC region. On the other hand, Kiss-1 expressing mHypoA-50 cells originate from the AVPV region. In the mHypoA-55 ARC cells, activin significantly increased Kiss-1 gene expression. Follistatin alone reduced Kiss-1 expression within these cells. Interestingly, activin-induced Kiss-1 gene expression was completely abolished by follistatin. Inhibin A, but not inhibin B reduced Kiss-1 expression. Activin-increased Kiss-1 expression was also abolished by inhibin A. Pretreatment of the cells with follistatin or inhibin A significantly inhibited kisspeptin- or GnRH-induced Kiss-1 gene expression in mHypoA-55 cells. In contrast, in the mHypoA-50 AVPV cell model, activin, follistatin, and inhibin A did not modulate Kiss-1 gene expression. The subunits that compose activin and inhibin, as well as follistatin were expressed in both mHypoA-55 and mHypoA-50 cells. Expression of inhibin βA and βB subunits and follistatin was much higher in mHypoA-55 ARC cells. Furthermore, we found that expression of the inhibin α subunit and follistatin genes was modulated in the presence of E2 in mHypoA-55 ARC cells. The results of this study suggest that activin, follistatin, and inhibin A within the ARC region participate in the regulation of the HPG axis under the influence of E2.
Completeness of digital accessible knowledge of the birds of western Africa: Priorities for survey
Authors: Freeman Benedictus , Peterson A Townsend
Published: June 2019

Open-source primary biodiversity data, or digital accessible knowledge (DAK), are widely used in biodiversity informatics to understand the status of global biodiversity, model species’ ecological niches and geographic distributions, and inform biodiversity conservation decisions. However, these datasets are often unavailable, incomplete, or unevenly distributed across regions. We examined DAK for the birds of western Africa, obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and eBird, to identify gaps in the current knowledge of birds of western Africa, which can be used to guide future avian surveys across the region. We cleaned and standardized the data, resulting in >430,000 records, with 91% from eBird. From these we calculated inventory completeness indices for all grid cells at 0.5°, 0.3°, and 0.1° spatial resolutions across the region. We defined well-surveyed grid cells as those with completeness indices >80% and with >200 associated DAK records. We found marked spatial, seasonal, environmental, and temporal (historical) biases and information gaps in coverage. We identified 59 well-surveyed cells at 0.1°, 55 at 0.3°, and 50 at 0.5° resolution, with well-surveyed sites clustered around points of access such as major cities and national reserves or parks. Our results identified remarkably distinct areas in environmental space with diverse climatic conditions to be given priority for future avian surveys and conservation. The distinctiveness in the climatic conditions of these areas compared to well-surveyed sites is an indication that these areas when sampled could provide new insights into western African bird diversity. Lastly, we show the underrepresentation of traditional biodiversity data (e.g., museums, herbaria collections) compared to citizen science–enabled data (e.g., eBird), which demonstrates the potential of citizen science in documenting and monitoring biodiversity in western Africa, and by extension other poorly known regions of the world.
Open peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia: a case series of 82 cases
Authors: Liu W , Zeng X-H , Yuan X-L , Li C-H , Wu C-C , Ye L-S , Hu B
Published: June 2019

During peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), creation of the tunnel is highly technically demanding and mucosal injury is one of the most common potential complications. We explored a method without a submucosal tunnel, which we call open peroral endoscopic myotomy (O-POEM). This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of O-POEM. O-POEM was performed on 82 patients with achalasia. Treatment success was defined as an Eckardt score of less than or equal to 3 after the myotomy. Adverse events including operative and postoperative adverse events were recorded. Treatment success and procedure-related adverse events were analyzed. After a median follow-up of 18 months (range: 6–26 months), the treatment success (Eckhart score ≤3) was achieved in 96.3% of cases (mean score pre- vs. post-treatment (7.4 vs. 1.8); P < 0.001) with a recurrence of 3 cases. Ten patients (12.2%) had adverse events consisting of 2 cases of mediastinitis, 1 case of post-O-POEM bleeding, 1 case of subcutaneous emphysema, 6 cases of pleural effusion. Two cases of mediastinitis required intraprocedural drainage, and other patients were managed by endoscopy and conservative medical treatment. There were no deaths. No patients required surgical conversion. Clinical reflux occurred in 15.9% of patients (13/82). O-POEM was reliable and effective for the treatment of achalasia. In addition, O-POEM might be a better option for patients with severe submucosal fibrosis.
Non-tariff measures, quality and exporting: evidence from microdata in food processing in Ukraine
Authors: Movchan Veronika , Shepotylo Oleksandr , Vakhitov Volodymyr
Published: June 2019

Domestic non-tariff measures (NTM) influence firm’s production and import decisions. We introduce NTMs into a model with heterogeneous firms. NTMs increase the cost of production and play a role of a positive demand shifter. Interplay of these two factors leads to ambiguous impact of NTMs on extensive and intensive margins of trade. We test predictions of the model by looking at food-processing firms in Ukraine in 2008–2013. Evidence shows that more SPS regulations on inputs in upstream industries lead to exports of better quality products. At the same time, mandatory certifications have a negative impact on quality by limiting access of domestic firms to new technologies and equipment.
Effects of crop insurance on farm disinvestment and exit decisions
Authors: Kim Youngjune , Yu Jisang , Pendell Dustin L
Published: June 2019

Over the last two decades, the US federal crop insurance programme expanded rapidly. Despite growing importance of crop insurance programmes, little is known about the relationship between crop insurance and disinvestment and exit decisions of farms. Using a farm-level panel dataset, we parametrically and semi-parametrically estimate the effects of crop insurance on farm disinvestment and farm exits with carefully developed identification strategies. Our estimation results indicate that (i) crop insurance reduces the likelihood of farm exits and (ii) lowers the magnitude of farm disinvestment. The positive and significant effects of crop insurance on farm survival and disinvestment remain robust across different specifications.
Autophagosomes accumulation in the vacuoles of the fungus Ustilago maydis and the role of proteases in their digestion
Authors: Soberanes-Gutiérrez Cinthia V , Vázquez-Carrada Melissa , López-Villegas Edgar O , Vega-Arreguín Julio C , Villa-Tanaca Lourdes , Ruiz-Herrera José
Published: June 2019

In the present study we determined whether Ustilago maydis accumulates autophagosomes within vacuoles when the cells are exposed to nutritional stress conditions. We investigated whether proteinase B and proteinase A are involved in their degradation. To this effect, wild type and Δpep4 mutant were incubated in minimal medium lacking a carbon source. It was observed that after incubation in nutrient-deficient media, spherical bodies appeared within the Δpep4 mutant strains vacuoles. In addition, autophagosomes were accumulated in U. maydis WT cells incubated in the presence of the serine protease inhibitor PMSF and accumulation of large autophagosomes and electrodense structures in the Δpep4 mutant cell vacuoles took place. These results demonstrate that the homologues of both, the proteinase B and the protease A, are involved in the autophagosomes degradation process in U. maydis.
Cell wall peptidoglycan inMycobacterium tuberculosis: An Achilles’ heel for the TB-causing pathogen
Authors: Maitra Arundhati , Munshi Tulika , Healy Jess , Martin Liam T , Vollmer Waldemar , Keep Nicholas H , Bhakta Sanjib
Published: June 2019

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the leading causes of mortality across the world. There is an urgent requirement to build a robust arsenal of effective antimicrobials, targeting novel molecular mechanisms to overcome the challenges posed by the increase of antibiotic resistance in TB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a unique cell envelope structure and composition, containing a peptidoglycan layer that is essential for maintaining cellular integrity and for virulence. The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis, degradation, remodelling and recycling of peptidoglycan have resurfaced as attractive targets for anti-infective drug discovery. Here, we review the importance of peptidoglycan, including the structure, function and regulation of key enzymes involved in its metabolism. We also discuss known inhibitors of ATP-dependent Mur ligases, and discuss the potential for the development of pan-enzyme inhibitors targeting multiple Mur ligases.