bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer Vision Syndrome
Authors: Nuzuliawati Utin Alvina , Hutabarat Joan Sherlone , Indriati Antonia Kartika
Published: June 2023

Kemajuan di bidang teknologi saat ini menyebabkan tingginya pengguna perangkat elektronik pada semua kelompok umur. Terdapat perbedaan kebutuhan visual ketika seseorang melihat tampilan dilayar perangkat elektronik dibandingkan dengan materi cetak. Mata harus bekerja lebih keras saat melihat tampilan di layar perangkat elektronik, sehingga penggunaan perangkat elektronik dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan sekelompok keluhan pada mata yaitu kelelahan mata, iritasi, kemerahan, kekeringan, penglihatan kabur dan ganda yang disebut juga dengan computer vision syndrome. Menghilangkan faktor penyebab merupakan pengelolaan paling penting dalam mengatasi computer vision syndrome. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis informasi terkini tentang prevalensi, gejala, patogenesis dan penatalaksanaan computer vision syndrome. Kesimpulan dari studi ini yaitu computer vision syndrome merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama yang berdampak besar pada penurunan kualitas hidup dan efisiensi di tempat kerja yang dapat dicegah dengan pemeriksaan mata rutin, menjaga kesehatan mata, posisi ergonomis dan lingkungan yang mendukung.
Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients With Hypertensive Encephalopathy: A French Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Halimi Jean-Michel , de Fréminville Jean-Baptiste , Gatault Philippe , Bisson Arnaud , Sautenet Bénédicte , Maisons Valentin , Vigny Pascal , Angoulvant Denis , Fauchier Laurent
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

Hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) constitutes a serious condition, usually observed in patients with long-lasting hypertension. Hypertension-associated HE is sometimes differentiated from the stroke-associated hypertensive emergency. Whether prognosis of hypertension-associated and stroke-associated HE is different is unclear.

METHODS:

Characteristics and prognosis of HE were assessed in this nationwide retrospective cohort study in all patients with an administrative code of HE compared with age-, sex- and year of inclusion-matched controls admitted to French hospitals during the 2014 to 2022 period.

RESULTS:

HE was identified in 7769 patients. Chronic kidney disease (19.3%), coronary artery disease (13.8%), diabetes (22.1%), and ischemic stroke (5.2%) were frequent but thrombotic microangiopathy, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, systemic sclerosis or renal infarction were <1%. HE prognosis was poor (death: 10.4%/y, heart failure: 8.6%/y, end-stage kidney disease: 9.0%/y, ischemic stroke: 3.6%/y, hemorrhagic stroke: 1.6%/y, dementia: 4.1%/y). The risk of death was increased to a similar extent in patients with HE, regardless of the presence of known hypertension or concomitant stroke (versus patients without HE). Among patients with HE, known hypertension was significantly associated with increased risks of ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, heart failure, vascular dementia, and all-cause dementia and to a lesser extent with chronic dialysis in multivariable analyses including adjustment on concomitant stroke.

CONCLUSIONS:

HE remains a considerable health burden and is associated with a poor prognosis. The distinction between hypertension- versus stroke-associated HE is relevant as these 2 situations convey different risks of stroke, heart failure, vascular dementia, and end-stage kidney disease.
The pest sap beetle Carpophilus (Myothorax) truncatus Murray, 1864 (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)—a new synonymy and a related new species of Carpophilus
Authors: SEMERARO LINDA , BLACKET MARK J. , RAKO LEA , CUNNINGHAM JOHN PAUL
Published: June 2023

Carpophilus truncatus Murray 1864, is a species of sap beetle which has been recorded from many countries worldwide, and has become recognised as an important pest of nuts. In this study, we present a re-description of C. truncatus including diagnostic photographic images of the adults and larvae, and demonstrate that Carpophilus jarijari Powell & Hamilton, 2019 is a junior subjective synonym of C. truncatus. Information about the species’ distribution in Australia is updated. DNA barcode sequence data for C. truncatus is reviewed and augmented to enable differentiation from other morphologically similar Carpophilus species that are associated with nuts as hosts, including the cosmopolitan Carpophilus dimidiatus (Fabricius, 1792), for which C. truncatus has sometimes been misidentified. This analysis revealed that existing reference DNA sequences of “C. dimidiatus” consist of three highly genetically divergent lineages, representing three species: the cosmopolitan C. dimidiatus, the widespread C. truncatus, and a newly described species, Carpophilus imitatus sp. nov., known from south-eastern Asia and Australia.
Diversity of the genus Tmarus Simon, 1875 from Xiaolong Mountains in western China (Araneae: Thomisidae)
Authors: ZHANG RUI , ZHANG FENG
Published: June 2023

Spiders of the genus Tmarus Simon, 1875 from the Xiaolong Mountains in Gansu Province, China, were studied. A total of seven species are reported and illustrated, including one new species, T. subqinlingensis sp. nov., and six known species, T. orientalis Schenkel, 1963, T. piger Walckenaer, 1802, T. qinlingensis Song & Wang, 1994, T. rimosus Paik, 1973, T. taibaiensis Song & Wang, 1994 and T. zhui Sherwood & Li, 2021. The female of T. taibaiensis is described for the first time. Detailed morphological characters, photos and illustrations of the habitus and genital organs are given. DNA barcodes (a partial fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene, COI) of T. taibaiensis Song & Wang, 1994 were obtained to confirm matching of the sexes and for future use in molecular studies.
A new species of Ptenothrix Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Dicyrtomidae) from South Korea
Authors: JO SEON HWA , PARK KYUNG-HWA
Published: June 2023

A new species of Collembola, Ptenothrix koreanensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on specimens from South Korea. It was found in a coniferous forest dominated by the Korean pine Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zuccarini. Ptenothrix koreanensis sp. nov. is characterized by a peculiar color pattern in which most of its median dorsal side of the large abdomen is plain milky white. This new species also has the formula of 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3 of median spiny chaetae on the clypeal area of the head, and the formula of 6, 5, 5, 4 of prelabral and labral chaetae. These characteristics make it easy to distinguish the new species from other two possibly related species, P. ciliophora Yosii & Lee and P. saxatilis Yosii & Lee. Apart from these characteristics, the new species can also be separated from another possibly related species, P. higashihirajii Yosii, by the morphology of ps1 and pi2 chaetae on the small abdomen of the female. An identification key for the East Asian species of Ptenothrix is also provided.
A new Coelorinchus from the western Indian Ocean with comments on the C. tokiensis group of species (Teleostei: Gadiformes: Macrouridae)
Authors: PROKOFIEV ARTEM M. , IWAMOTO TOMIO
Published: June 2023

A new species, Coelorinchus zinjianus sp. nov., is described from the western Indian Ocean off Madagascar. In many respects, the new species is similar to C. quadricristatus but differs from that species in details of scale spinulation, mouth coloration (pale vs. dark), size of external light organ, and some other proportions. Together with C. flabellispinis and C. trunovi, these species form the flabellispinis species group, which is restricted to the northern and western Indian Ocean and is similar in most respects to the West-Pacific tokiensis group, but differs in the size and shape of the terminal snout scute (long and pointed, diamond-shaped vs. small and blunt) and apparently attaining a smaller adult size (< 45–55 cm TL vs. > 80–90 cm TL, depending on the species).
A Himalayan prince between India and Europe: Suchet Singh of Chamba and the limits of colonial subjectivity
Authors: Moran Arik , Hasson Michal
Published: June 2023

This article discusses the life-story of Suchet Singh (1841–1896). The ruler of the Himalayan kingdom of Chamba, Singh was deposed by the colonial authorities soon after his accession in 1870, and spent the rest of his life seeking restitution. We argue that the strategies employed by Singh, who combined appeals to the international press with political manoeuvrings in India and Europe, evince a novel type of cosmopolitanism. This new development allowed elites from the colonies to contest the empire by exploiting unprecedented technological advancements in communications and travel alongside the support of a widening liberal lobby in the metropole. While Singh ultimately failed to regain his patrimony and died destitute in exile, his life story demonstrates the capacity of judicious engagement with the public sphere and the cultivation of global support-networks to improve the standing of colonial subjects in the Age of Empire.
Getting a Grip on Normativity: A Phenomenological Response to Maslow’s Call for a “Humanistic Biology”
Authors: Robbins Brent Dean
Published: June 2023

Maslow suggests that a study of “superior” human specimen might have the potential to identify biological traits that distinguish flourishing individuals from those who are languishing. Maslow’s recommendation is open to criticisms. First, his method is circular. Second, the thrust of Maslow’s project has a eugenic ring to it. However, while Maslow’s eugenic vision should be sidelined, his call for an understanding of normativity and the need to overcome the fact-value dichotomy in psychology and neuroscience are well-considered recommendations. A phenomenological approach to normativity presents a more authentically humanistic approach to consideration of normativity. Husserl’s concept of optimal givenness and Merleau-Ponty’s notion of maximum grip illustrate that normativity is a quality that can be identified at a pre-predicative, implicit level of operative intentionality. Based on an examination of the notions of optimal givenness and maximum grip, the article further suggests that, within the context of interpersonal relations, agapic love can be understood to operate as a normative and regulative idea for ethical relations. Since this form of intentionality instantiates itself into perceptual and motor habits, normative ethical relations may be subject to investigation within neuroscience, to the extent that it maintains an ongoing dialogue with phenomenology.
Finishing nonuniformity for electrical discharge machined closed complicated flow channels by abrasive flow machining
Authors: Fan Wulin , Sun Yuli , Zhao Jianshe , Yang Fanxuan , Liu Yanlei
Published: June 2023

Abrasive flow machining (AFM) is increasingly preferred to finish closed complicated flow channels machined by electrical discharge machining (EDM) owing to its high machining accessibility, surface integrity, and efficiency. The machining accuracy of closed complicated flow channels by AFM is dependent on the uniformity of material removal distribution (named as finishing nonuniformity here), but few studies on the finishing nonuniformity have been done so far. Firstly the finishing nonuniformity for EDM machined complicated flow channel by AFM was modeled and analyzed theoretically. Then three blisk with EDM surface roughness of Ra 1.5 μm, Ra 2.0 μm, and Ra 3.0 μm were finished by AFM to Ra 0.8 μm, and their finishing nonuniformity was compared. Finally, AFM flow simulation was carried out, and the simulation results were compared with that from the experiments. Theoretical results showed that finishing nonuniformity is resulted from the non-uniform flow field of the abrasive medium, and it increases with increasing EDM surface roughness and decreasing AFM surface roughness. This is verified by the AFM experiments and flow simulations. On this basis, the guideline for parameter optimization in the combined EDM + AFM process was discussed.
What about Europe? European identity and spatial imaginaries of Europe among Polish migrants during post-Brexit negotiations in Scotland
Authors: Bogacki Mariusz , Botterill Katherine , Burrell Kathy , Hörschelmann Kathrin
Published: June 2023

This article takes the concept of spatial imaginaries to explore how the post-Brexit negotiations shifted meanings of ‘Europe’ for Polish migrants residing in Scotland. A flourishing subfield of ‘Brexit geographies’ has explored the meaning and consequences of Brexit (as an event, process and affect) for wide-ranging communities on the move and in place. Yet, the question of how ‘Europe’, and in particular ‘EUrope’, is being re-imagined and re-constituted by EU migrants residing in uncertain political spaces remains understudied. In this article, we address this lacuna through analysis of biographical narrative interviews and spatial mapping exercises. In doing so, we conduct a multi-scalar analysis of Polish migrants’ discursive and visual representations of EUrope, defined both as a geographical and institutional space. The study is spatially and temporally situated at a particular time and place in the Brexit timeline – the summer of 2019 in rural and urban Scotland. At this time, Brexit negotiations were ongoing, there was widespread uncertainty about the consequences for migrants in the United Kingdom, and, in Scotland particularly, much resistance to leaving the European Union. The article argues that while Brexit might have not affected European identity among Polish migrants in Scotland, it has prompted them to reconsider their place in Europe and to reimagine both the geographical and conceptual parameters of EUrope.
The Impact of Peacekeeping Missions on Women’s Empowerment
Authors: Blanton Shannon Lindsey , Peksen Dursun , Blanton Robert
Published: June 2023

What effect do peacekeeping operations (PKOs) have on women’s empowerment? The gendered consequences of peacekeeping have long been an issue of contention. Stung by multiple cases of peacekeepers directly engaging in sexual exploitation and abuse, the United Nations took measures to mainstream gender equality within PKO goals, ranging from protection from sexual violence to the encouragement of female participation in peacebuilding processes. Yet while a growing body of research has begun to provide insights into the gendered aspects of the PKOs themselves, much less is known about the broader gendered impact of PKOs on the host countries. To better understand these effects, we examine the extent to which PKOs serve to advance female empowerment in terms of women’s participation in official political channels as well as women’s civil liberties and active involvement in civil society participation. Examining these linkages from 1970–2013, we find that multidimensional PKOs are conducive to growing levels of women’s empowerment, though such growth decreases considerably after the conclusion of the PKO.
An Exploration of Australian Online Government Portals for Women Experiencing Domestic Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lewis Lucy , Augustson Cohen , De Vries Gabrielle , Gantseva Alla , Gao Yifan , Hay Jaimee , Latumahina Claire , Leslie Marlena , Murtagh Katherine , Prasad Navneet , Olorunnisola Titus S.
Published: June 2023

Domestic violence against women increased during COVID-19 lockdowns. This inaugural study examined the content of Australian government online portals, for women seeking support and help for domestic violence, during the 2021 COVID-19 pandemic. This mixed methods study incorporated four phases: a search; measurement of portal quality standard using DISCERN; enumeration of portal items; and a qualitative exploration of portal text. Australian governments must continue to work alongside domestic violence services as we found some portals were better than others. Continued review, revision, and funding are needed to meet the demands associated with this evolving public health emergency.
“Say Her Name”: Symbolic Racism and Officer Valuing Predict White Americans’ Reactions to the Fatal Police Shooting of a Black Woman
Authors: Johnson James , Sattler David N. , Smith-Galeno Brooklynn , Ginther Katie , Otton Kylie , Dierckx Kim
Published: June 2023

A report entitled Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality against Black Women underscores the paucity of research examining police violence toward Black women. This study focused on how valuing a White police officer and symbolic racism moderate reactions when the officer fatally shoots a Black or White woman during a traffic stop. At high levels of officer valuing, symbolic racism was positively associated with perceptions the victim presented a threat to the officer, but negatively associated with support for punishing the officer and perceived victim compliance; these associations were stronger when the victim was Black relative to White. At low officer valuing levels, there was no variability in the link between symbolic racism and the outcome variables as a function of victim race. Implications for bias in judicial outcomes for the victim and officer are discussed.
Speaking Out on Sexualized Violence Through Artistic Storytelling in Post-conflict Northern Ireland
Authors: Van Ooijen Anna-Lea , Davids Tine , Fitzpatrick Lisa
Published: June 2023

Directly related to The Troubles, sexualized violence has been largely ignored, yet continues to affect significant numbers of individuals in Northern Ireland today. This article analyzes various women's stories concerning sexualized violence shared in testimonial theater projects in Northern Ireland. We argue that (a) artistic storytelling about sexualized violence in theater projects can be a tool to release individuals and the collective from the (normalized) silence surrounding these violent acts and (b) it is an epistemological transformative method of inquiry to address these acts with the aim of eliminating them.
Unlikely downsizers: The prison service's role in reversing mass incarceration in Kazakhstan
Authors: Slade Gavin , Trochev Alexei , Piacentini Laura
Published: June 2023

Since 2000, the prison rate has declined significantly in Kazakhstan. This article demonstrates that the Kazakhstani prison service, counterintuitively, became a key advocate of prison downsizing owing to a coalescence of norms and incentives in the 1980s and 1990s. In the process, the prison service elite maintained the loyalty of rank-and-file personnel through a focus on reform to performative and quantifiable measures of penal performance – such as rankings in the World Prison Brief – while qualitative changes to the service's identity and organization remained unchanged. Prison staff remained militarized and their livelihood and professional culture continued to be independent of the existence of prisons. In conclusion, we argue that the Kazakhstani case demonstrates the need for an integrative theory of penal change that focuses on the interplay of macro-, meso- and micro-level factors in relationally shaping the norms, incentives and opportunities of penal policy actors.
Seismic performance cold-Formed steel framed shear walls using in-Frame corrugated steel sheathing
Authors: Zhang Wenying , Lan Xing , Mahdavian Mahsa , Yu Cheng
Published: June 2023

To meet the increasing demand for high strength and non-combustible shear wall systems in mid-rise cold-formed steel (CFS) constructions, this paper investigates the seismic performance and design method of an innovative CFS shear wall system with in-frame corrugated steel sheathing based on previous studies. Shear wall and bearing wall specimens with in-frame corrugated steel sheathing are tested under combined lateral and gravity loading. Simplified numerical models of whole archetype buildings are established. The seismic performance evaluation is performed using methodology recommended in FEMA P695 and the seismic performance factors are examined. The test results show that the shear strength of the innovative shear wall is much higher than currently code certified wood-based shear walls in AISI S400. Also, the shear strength of bearing walls is approximately one-third of the shear strength of shear walls, which proves that bearing walls also contribute significant shear resistance in a structure. The seismic performance evaluation results verified that the existing seismic performance factors (R = Cd = 6.5 and [Formula: see text] = 3.0) for CFS shear walls with flat steel sheathings can also be used for the innovative shear wall system. The innovative CFS shear wall system with in-frame corrugated steel sheathing could be employed for mid-rise buildings in areas that are prone to high seismic and wind loads.
Child participation in early childhood education in Spain: When having rights does not mean being able to exercise them
Authors: Castro-Zubizarreta Ana , Calvo-Salvador Adelina
Published: June 2023

This article carries out a systematic review of the scientific literature on child participation in the formal education system in Spain between 2010 and 2022. Recognising the importance of child participation in the context of the European Union, the theoretical principles of this study are in line with the perspective that child participation involves recognising the fundamental right of children to be heard and taken into consideration from an early age and providing them with the opportunity to convert that listening into positive changes to aspects that affect their lives. Child participation has significant benefits, both from an individual point of view (the child’s own development and the recognition that all rights are for all children), and a social and collective point of view (the strengthening of democracy itself making the school a school for participation). The systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted according to the PRISMA statement 2020. The analysis of the selected articles was based on the Lundy model of child participation (2007) which considers four dimensions: space, voice, audience and influence. The results show that despite the Spanish scientific community’s growing interest in child participation in the field of early childhood education, school culture is still very adult-centric. Aspects related to the dimensions of voice, audience and influence could be improved for which more research is required. There is a clear need to broaden the techniques and instruments required for making child participation effective, and experiences that go beyond consultative participation should be developed. This would enable forms of child participation focused on improving their lives based on their own needs being heard and taken into consideration.
Influence and Improvisation: Participatory Disinformation during the 2020 US Election
Authors: Starbird Kate , DiResta Renée , DeButts Matt
Published: June 2023

The 2020 US election was accompanied by an effort to spread a false meta-narrative of widespread voter fraud. This meta-narrative took hold among a substantial portion of the US population, undermining trust in election procedures and results, and eventually motivating the events of 6 January 2021. We examine this effort as a domestic and participatory disinformation campaign in which a variety of influencers—including hyperpartisan media and political operatives—worked alongside ordinary people to produce and amplify misleading claims, often unwittingly. To better understand the nature of participatory disinformation, we examine three cases of misleading claims of voter fraud, applying an interpretive, mixed method approach to the analysis of social media data. Contrary to a prevailing view of such campaigns as coordinated and/or elite-driven efforts, this work reveals a more hybrid form, demonstrating both top-down and bottom-up dynamics that are more akin to cultivation and improvisation.
Human factors’ role in distance healthcare simulation
Authors: Bailey Shannon K. T. , Hughes Ashley M. , Ray Jessica M. , Miller Geoffrey , Vora Samreen , Scerbo Mark W.
Published: June 2023

As educators seek to optimize the utility of distance simulation for healthcare education, several challenges are present in the design, delivery, and evaluation of simulation-based training (SBT) that align with best practices in human factors. The planned outcome of this panel is a strengthening of the collaboration between human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) and healthcare simulation communities with practical tools that can be used to optimize distance healthcare training. Content proposed as part of the current effort should inform the development of strategic partnerships between simulationists, medical education, and HF/E professionals. We anticipate that the panel will be of interest to scientists and practitioners alike who perform work within the medical simulation space. Although the panel is formed with a focus on the needs identified for distance simulation training, panelists will be asked how human factors techniques can be beneficial to simulation in healthcare more broadly.
Cracking The Code: Redesigning EHR Interfaces to Clarify Patients’ End of Life Wishes for Code Situations
Authors: Mani Sony , Jamil Melinda
Published: June 2023

Across various healthcare systems, serious patient safety issues occur where patients who express Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) wishes receive resuscitative measures in error. Our Patient Safety team conducted a common cause analysis and identified contributing factors to such errors, including the unclear display of patients’ code status in the electronic health record (EHR). Our team proposed updated wording for the code status in the EHR and evaluated the proposed design via remote usability testing. Eleven physician and nurse end users participated in 30-minute one-on-one sessions where they consulted EHR screens to respond to simulated patient emergency scenarios. All participants successfully interpreted the updated screens and responded positively to the changes. Following these results, a multidisciplinary team used a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to guide the successful implementation of the updated design.
Considering Team Dynamics during Human Factors Work in Healthcare
Authors: Fuller Helen J.A. , Maddox Kyle D. , Adams Kathleen , Arnold Tim
Published: June 2023

A significant body of human factors (HF) work has focused on how people collaborate on teams in various operational settings such as aviation and nuclear power. Less work, however, has focused on the team dynamics of groups conducting HF studies. This paper describes a collaborative effort led by HF practitioners to understand and document user needs and challenges associated with the adoption of a new electronic health record (EHR) at a medical facility. By examining the challenges and opportunities presented by the interdisciplinary nature of the team, we can identify best practices for future study and change management efforts that may ultimately lead to greater organizational maturity and the development of better, safer systems.
Lessons Learned Using Rapid Human Factors Methods: Condensed Timeline with Effective and Impactful Results
Authors: Maddox Kyle , Ercolini Deborah , Chumbler Neale R. , Arnold Tim , Adams Kathleen , Fuller Helen
Published: June 2023

Contextual inquiry and discount usability represent a powerful combination of human factors methods as a responsive and rapid approach to better understand end users’ interactions with a new electronic health record (EHR) system as an enterprise capability. Contextual inquiry is an approach to conducting ethnographic field studies and discount usability is a simplified and efficient technique to identify usability issues. This paper describes how the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Office of Health Informatics Human Factors Engineering (OHI HFE) responded to a request from VHA leadership to provide rapid support to assess EHR post-implementation system performance to discover if there are barriers or shortcomings. The team utilized contextual inquiry methods and principles of discount usability to assess system usability and effectiveness in meeting end-user needs. OHI and the Electronic Health Record Modernization Integration Office (OEHRM IO) formed a team to conduct semi-structured interviews and observations with health care providers at a VHA facility to gather qualitative data showcasing representative users’ experiences with the EHR. The team analyzed the data collected to identify themes and created an affinity map and two service blueprints. It then used this information to produce a report of findings and recommendations. The study identified areas that required remediation, actions that would facilitate success, and opportunities for improvement. Key contributors to the success of this rapid and important effort included the team’s ability to accommodate a compressed schedule by carefully targeting scope; focusing on a smaller number of participants than originally planned; asking direct, targeted questions developed in advance; and capturing data during short interview and observation windows. The data collected also highlights opportunities to continue the use of discount usability methods, when necessary, to continuously improve OHI HFE data collection and achieve targeted quality improvement in a condensed timeframe.
Back to Your “Roots”: 5 Best Practices for Performing Root Cause Analysis
Authors: Diamond Anastasia , Gonczi Maya , Einarson Lizzie , Baldwin Brooke
Published: June 2023

Root cause analysis (RCA) is not always a straightforward process, and many human factors researchers struggle with executing RCA effectively and efficiently. For example, when conducting large, multi-site studies, the data points from participants quickly add up and begin to blur together. Then, during data analysis, notes that once made sense or are left unfinished now require additional time and effort to decode. This can require further video review or internal discussion to corroborate what happened and why, creating delays in analysis and reporting. This may lead to more questions which are now too late to answer. To combat this unfortunate reality, we discuss 5 best practices that can help researchers conduct more efficient RCAs.
Does it apply to me: Using Relational Frame Theory to examine anaesthetists' approach to safety behaviour and human factors
Authors: Gillespie David , Provost Steven
Published: June 2023

Healthcare must provide safe and effective treatment while being cost-effective and ethical in its delivery. Anaesthesia is particularly prone to production pressure, which can lead to compromises in patient safety through risky decision-making. Australian anaesthetists (N=192), trainees, and specialists were asked to complete an electronic survey asking whether they would proceed with surgery in 11 clinical elective scenarios involving a violation of a standard or practice guideline. They were also asked how confident they were in their decisions and provided an opportunity to explain. Across all scenarios, anaesthetists would have proceeded ranging from 8.3% to 89.6. The likelihood to proceed and confidence in the decision in some scenarios was influenced by the decision made, gender, age, and level of expertise. Although not originally designed to investigate rule-governed behaviour using Relational Framework Theory, we found evidence of the influence of plys, tracks and augments, in the explanations which participants provided. Relational Framework Theory may provide insights into individual beliefs, values, motivators, and the influence of culture-behavioural systems in anaesthetists attitudes towards safety practices and human factors.
Context Matters: Knowledge of baseline heart rate improves pediatric shock recognition
Authors: Young Riley , Papautsky Elizabeth Lerner , Davies Hobart , Tanem Justinn , Scanlon Matthew
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the relationship between knowledge of baseline heart rate and shock recognition in pediatric patients. Through surveying attending physicians and advanced practice providers using a prospective survey tool, we demonstrate that providers are more likely to accurately identify shock when there is knowledge of the patient’s baseline heart rate. These preliminary findings have the potential to inform changes to documentation and the electronic health record (EHR) to make this information more accessible, while also informing future studies aimed at improving clinical outcomes for these high-risk patients.
Analysis of RNA-Seq data using self-supervised learning for vital status prediction of colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Padegal Girivinay , Rao Murali Krishna , Boggaram Ravishankar Om Amitesh , Acharya Sathwik , Athri Prashanth , Srinivasa Gowri
Published: June 2023

Background

RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a technique that utilises the capabilities of next-generation sequencing to study a cellular transcriptome i.e., to determine the amount of RNA at a given time for a given biological sample. The advancement of RNA-Seq technology has resulted in a large volume of gene expression data for analysis.

Results

Our computational model (built on top of TabNet) is first pretrained on an unlabelled dataset of multiple types of adenomas and adenocarcinomas and later fine-tuned on the labelled dataset, showing promising results in the context of the estimation of the vital status of colorectal cancer patients. We achieve a final cross-validated (ROC-AUC) Score of 0.88 by using multiple modalities of data.

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrate that self-supervised learning methods pretrained on a vast corpus of unlabelled data outperform traditional supervised learning methods such as XGBoost, Neural Networks, and Decision Trees that have been prevalent in the tabular domain. The results of this study are further boosted by the inclusion of multiple modalities of data pertaining to the patients in question. We find that genes such as RBM3, GSPT1, MAD2L1, and others important to the computation model’s prediction task obtained through model interpretability corroborate with pathological evidence in current literature.
Surface wax in the ancestral grapevine Vitis sylvestris correlate with partial resistance to Powdery Mildew
Authors: Ge Xinshuang , Hetzer Birgit , Tisch Christine , Kortekamp Andreas , Nick Peter
Published: June 2023

Background

Powdery Mildew of Grapevine belongs to the major diseases in viticulture and requires intensive use of fungicides. Genetic introgression of resistance factors from wild grapes from North America and, recently, China, has been successful, but wine made from those varieties is still confronted with low consumer acceptance, due to differences in taste.

Results

The current work explores the potential of Vitis vinifera sylvestris, the wild ancestor of domesticated Grapevine, with respect to containing Erysiphe necator, the causative agent of Powdery Mildew. Making use of a germplasm collection comprising the entire genetic variability remaining in Germany, we show that there is considerable genetic variation in the formation of leaf surface waxes exceeding wax formation in commercial varieties.

Conclusions

High wax formation correlates with reduced susceptibility to controlled infection with E. necator linked with perturbations of appressoria formation. We propose V. vinifera sylvestris as novel source for resistance breeding since it is genetically much closer to domesticated grapevine than the hitherto used sources from beyond the species barrier.
Characteristics of plastid genomes in the genus Ceratostigma inhabiting arid habitats in China and their phylogenomic implications
Authors: Zhao Yu-Juan , Liu Jian , Yin Gen-Shen , Gong Xun
Published: June 2023

Background

Ceratostigma, a genus in the Plumbaginaceae, is an ecologically dominant group of shrubs, subshrub and herb mainly distributed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and North China. Ceratostigma has been the focal group in several studies, owing to their importance in economic and ecological value and unique breeding styles. Despite this, the genome information is limited and interspecific relationships within the genus Cerotastigma remains unexplored. Here we sequenced, assembled and characterized the 14 plastomes of five species, and conducted phylogenetic analyses of Cerotastigma using plastomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) data.

Results

Fourteen Cerotastigma plastomes possess typical quadripartite structures with lengths from 164,076 to 168,355 bp that consist of a large single copy, a small single copy and a pair of inverted repeats, and contain 127–128 genes, including 82–83 protein coding genes, 37 transfer RNAs and eight ribosomal RNAs. All plastomes are highly conservative and similar in gene order, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), long repeat repeats and codon usage patterns, but some structural variations in the border of single copy and inverted repeats. Mutation hotspots in coding (Pi values > 0.01: matK, ycf3, rps11, rps3, rpl22 and ndhF) and non-coding regions (Pi values > 0.02: trnH-psbA, rps16-trnQ, ndhF-rpl32 and rpl32-trnL) were identified among plastid genomes that could be served as potential molecular markers for species delimitation and genetic variation studies in Cerotastigma. Gene selective pressure analysis showed that most protein-coding genes have been under purifying selection except two genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on whole plastomes and nrDNA strongly support that the five species formed a monophyletic clade. Moreover, interspecific delimitation was well resolved except C. minus, individuals of which clustered into two main clades corresponding to their geographic distributions. The topology inferred from the nrDNA dataset was not congruent with the tree derived from the analyses of the plastid dataset.

Conclusion

These findings represent the first important step in elucidating plastome evolution in this widespread distribution genus Cerotastigma in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The detailed information could provide a valuable resource for understanding the molecular dynamics and phylogenetic relationship in the family Plumbaginaceae. Lineage genetic divergence within C. minus was perhaps promoted by geographic barriers in the Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains region, but introgression or hybridization could not be completely excluded.
Body temperature and infection in critically ill patients on continuous kidney replacement therapy
Authors: Challener Douglas W. , Gao Xiaolan , Tehranian Shahrzad , Kashani Kianoush B. , O’Horo John C.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) is an increasingly common intervention for critically ill patients with kidney failure. Because CKRT affects body temperature, detecting infections in patients on CKRT is challenging. Understanding the relation between CKRT and body temperature may facilitate earlier detection of infection.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed adult patients (≥ 18 years) admitted to the intensive care unit at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from December 1, 2006, through November 31, 2015, who required CKRT. We summarized central body temperatures for these patients according to the presence or absence of infection.

Results

We identified 587 patients who underwent CKRT during the study period, of whom 365 had infections, and 222 did not have infections. We observed no statistically significant differences in minimum (P = .70), maximum (P = .22), or mean (P = .55) central body temperature for patients on CKRT with infection vs. those without infection. While not on CKRT (before CKRT initiation and after cessation), all three body temperature measurements were significantly higher in patients with infection than in those without infection (all P < .02).

Conclusion

Body temperature is insufficient to indicate an infection in critically ill patients on CKRT. Clinicians should remain watchful for other signs, symptoms, and indications of infection in patients on CKRT because of expected high infection rates.
Preclinical studies of toxicity and anti-cholangiocarcinoma activity of the standardized capsule formulation of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC
Authors: Plengsuriyakarn Tullayakorn , Kotawong Kanawut , Karbwang Juntra , Na-Bangchang Kesara
Published: June 2023

Background

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the adenocarcinoma of the biliary duct, is commonly reported in Asia, with the highest incidence in northeastern Thailand. Chemotherapy of CCA has been limited by the lack of effective chemotherapeutic drugs. A series of previous in vitro and in vivo studies support further research and development of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (AL) as a potential candidate for treating CCA as a crude ethanolic extract. In the present study, we evaluated the toxicity and anti-CCA activity of the CMC (Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control) capsule formulation of the ethanolic rhizome extract of AL (CMC-AL) in animals.

Methods

Major steps included acute, subchronic and chronic toxicity testing in Wistar rats and anti-CCA activity in a CCA-xenografted nude mouse model. The safety of CMC-AL was determined based on the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) according to the OECD guideline. The anti-CCA activity of CMC-AL in nude mice was evaluated after transplantation of CL-6 cells to evaluate inhibitory effects on tumor size progression and metastasis and survival time prolongation. Safety assessments included hematology, biochemistry parameters and histopathological examination. Lung metastasis was investigated using VEGF ELISA kit.

Results

All evaluations confirmed satisfactory pharmaceutical properties of oral formulation and safety profile of the CMC-AL with no overt toxicity up to the MTD and NOAEL of 5,000 and 3,000 mg/kg body weight, respectively. CMC-AL exhibited potent anti-CCA efficacy with regard to inhibitory activity on tumor progression and lung metastasis.

Conclusions

CMC-AL is safe and should be further investigated in a clinical trial as a potential therapy for CCA patients.
Zidovudine and Interferon Alfa based regimens for the treatment of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shafiee Arman , Seighali Niloofar , Taherzadeh-ghahfarokhi Nooshin , Mardi Shayan , Shojaeian Sorour , Shadabi Shahrzad , Hasani Mahsa , Haghi Sabahat , Mozhgani Sayed-Hamidreza
Published: June 2023

Background

ATLL (Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma) is an aggressive hematological malignancy. This T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is challenging to treat. There is no known treatment for ATLL as of yet. However, it is recommended to use Zidovudine and Interferon Alfa-based regimens (AZT/IFN), chemotherapy, and stem cell transplant. This study aims to review the outcome of patients with different subtypes of ATLL treated with Zidovudine and Interferon Alfa-based regimens.

Methods

A systematic search was carried out for articles evaluating outcomes of ATLL treatment by AZT/IFN agents on human subjects from January 1, 2004, until July 1, 2022. Researchers assessed all studies regarding the topic, followed by extracting the data. A random-effects model was used in the meta-analyses.

Results

We obtained fifteen articles on the AZT/IFN treatment of 1101 ATLL patients. The response rate of the AZT/IFN regimen yielded an OR of 67% [95% CI: 0.50; 0.80], a CR of 33% [95% CI: 0.24; 0.44], and a PR of 31% [95% CI: 0.24; 0.39] among individuals who received this regimen at any point during their treatment. Our subgroup analyses’ findings demonstrated that patients who received front-line and combined AZT/IFN therapy responded better than those who received AZT/IFN alone. It is significant to note that patients with indolent subtypes of disease had considerably higher response rates than individuals with aggressive disease.

Conclusion

IFN/AZT combined with chemotherapy regimens is an effective treatment for ATLL patients, and its use in the early stages of the disease may result in a greater response rate.
Effect of Schatzker type VI tibial plateau fractures combined with a proximal fibular and/or posterolateral joint facet fracture on early postoperative functional recovery
Authors: Wang Xuezi , Yang Hu , Xu Chungui , Xu Xinzhong , Zhang Chun , Jing Juehua
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of proximal fibular and/or posterolateral joint facet (PJF) fractures on early functional recovery after Schatzker type VI tibial plateau fractures (TPFs).

Methods

Seventy-nine patients with Schatzker type VI TPFs sustained from November 2016 to February 2021 were divided into three groups according to the integrity of the proximal fibula and PJF (groups A, B, and C). Details including demographics, duration of surgery, and complications were recorded. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) score, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, lateral knee pain and lateral hamstring tightness were ascertained at the final follow-up. The HSS and WOMAC scores have high reliability in evaluating knee function and osteoarthritis.

Results

There was a significant difference in the HSS score between groups A and C (P < 0.001) and between groups B and C (P = 0.036). The hospital stay was significantly different between groups A and C (P = 0.038) and between groups B and C (P = 0.013). There was a significant difference in lateral knee pain and lateral hamstring tightness between groups A and C (P < 0.001) and between groups B and C (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that proximal fibular and PJF fractures do not increase the time from injury to surgery, the incidence of complications, or the duration of surgery for Schatzker type VI TPFs. However, fractures of the proximal fibula significantly increase the hospital stay, reduce knee function, and cause lateral knee pain and lateral hamstring tightness. Combined proximal fibular fracture is more decisive than PJF involvement for prognosis.
Effect of buttress plate in Herscovici type D vertical medial malleolar fractures and peripheral fractures: a retrospective comparative cohort study
Authors: Luo Bing , Wang Yuqi , Wang Dewei
Published: June 2023

Background

The purpose of current retrospective study was to review the surgical methods and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of supporting plate for the treatment of vertical medial malleolus fractures on the basis of stable fixation of ipsilateral fibula.

Methods

This retrospective study included a total of 191 patients with vertical medial malleolus fractures. Patients enrolled were divided into simple vertical medial malleolus fractures and complex types of fractures. General demographic information and surgical information, including age, sex, surgical procedure and postoperative complications, were collected. The functional prognosis of patients was evaluated by American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Score (AOFAS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Result

Among patients with simple vertical fractures, the respective incidence of internal fixation failure in screw group, buttress plate group, and screw combined buttress plate fixation group (combined fixation group) was 10/61 (16.4%),1/54 (7.4%) and 1 (1.9%), and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.024). The incidence of abnormal fracture growth and healing in screw group, buttress plate group and combined fixation group was, respectively, 13/61 (21.3%), 6/54 (12.5%) and 2 (3.85%), with statistically significant difference (P = 0.019). In the patients with complex types of fractures, after 2 years of postoperative follow-up, the AOFAS score and VAS score of the following subgroups had good results: 91.18 ± 6.05 and 2.18 ± 1.08 in patients with joint surface collapse, and 92.50 ± 4.80 and 2.50 ± 1.29 in patients with tibial fractures, with 100% excellent and good rate.

Conclusion

For simple and complex vertical medial malleolus fractures, buttress plate showed excellent fixation. Despite poor wound healing and extensive soft tissue dissection with this approach, buttress plate may provide a novel insight into medial malleolar fractures, especially for extremely unstable medial malleolar fractures.