bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marketing mix and factors that affect cigarette consumption
Authors: Hardiyono Tommy , Siswadi Bambang , Machfudz Masyhuri
Published: September 2021

The Ministry of Industry noted the number of workers in the industrial sector was 5.98 million people, higher than the number of manufacturing and distribution (4.28 million), and the rest belonged (1.7 million). The purpose of this study is to analyze the marketing mix and the factors that influence the consumption of cigarettes. The research data consisted of primary data obtained through direct interviews with consumers, taken by accident sampling with a total sample of 95 respondents. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression models. The results showed that the product in the form of product availability contributed to cigarette consumption by 50.52%, the price in the form of a price ratio of 45.26%, the distribution variable in the form of ease in getting products by 47.36%, and promotion in the form of advertising attractiveness by 46, 31%. Price, distribution, and promotion have a significant effect on cigarette consumption, while products do not affect. It is necessary to improve the quality of packaging, physical form, and taste with a balanced price
Kinerja usahatani dan pemasaran terong ungu di Kabupaten Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Bau Bani Diah Aprilia , Nendissa Doppy Roy , Nampa I Wayan
Published: September 2021

Purple eggplant is becoming a popular plant cultivated, especially by small farmers in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). The purpose of this study was to measure the farm performance and marketing of purple eggplant. The research method used a survey method, using 46 sample farmers obtained by simple random sampling—the standard of eggplant cultivation measures farming performance. Business feasibility uses R/C ratio and marketing performance using Margin and Farmer Share (FS) and the marketing function. The results showed that the farming performance, as seen from the cultivation of purple eggplant, showed that every cultivation activity carried out by the farmer had almost fulfilled the ideal growth requirements according to the farmer's expectations with a production yield of 7.476 ton / 0.3ha. The income of purple eggplant farming is Rp. 3,033,840/the land area/planting season once. Purple eggplant farming is feasible, indicated by R/C> 1—marketing of purple eggplant through 4 marketing channels. The marketing system for eggplant is quite good, as indicated by the FS of 41.66%. Not many marketing functions are carried out at each stage so that not much-added value is generated. It is necessary to improve the purple eggplant cultivation system and increase the marketing function to increase the added value of purple eggplant.
Pengaruh Faktor Sosial Ekonomi Petani Menggunakan Pupuk Organik pada Usahatani Sawi (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Taebenu, Kabupaten Kupang, NTT)
Authors: Trisumarni Ludgardis , Roy Nendissa Doppy , P.N. Nainiti Selfius
Published: September 2021

Many factors influence small farmers to use organic fertilizers in their farming. This study was to analyze the effect of the socio-economic factors of farmers using organic fertilizers on mustard farming. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The method of determining the sample used a census and the determination of the research area was carried out purposively (purposive). Data analysis using binary logistic regression analysis. The results of the study found that the socio-economic factors that influenced farmers using organic fertilizers were age and income, while formal education, non-formal education, farming experience, income level, land area, production costs, and income did not affect.
Efisiensi Pemasaran Cabai Rawit Hiyung Di Kecamatan Tapin Tengah Kabupaten Tapin-Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Azis Yusuf , Rahmawati Emy , Kurniawan A.Yousuf
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the marketing of Hiyung cayenne pepper, calculate the share price, cost, margin, and profit earned by producers/farmers and each marketing agency, and examine the level of marketing efficiency of Hiyung cayenne pepper. This study took place in the Tapin Tengah Subdistrict of the Tapin Regency of South Kalimantan Province. The Snowball Sampling approach was used to pick merchant responses. Primary and secondary data are both required. The findings revealed that Hiyung's cayenne pepper marketing channel is divided into two sections: Channel IA (Farmers – Collector Traders – Retailers at the Keraton Market – Consumers), Channel B (Farmers – Collecting Traders – Retailers at Binuang Market – Consumers), and Channel II (Farmers at the Binuang Market – Consumers). - Wholesalers – Collecting Merchants). The greatest marketing cost is Rp. 2,834,39/kg in channel II, and the lowest cost is Rp. 1,967,80 in channel IA with the marketing area in the Keraton market. In channel II, the highest margin is Rp.13,500,00./kg. Meanwhile, the smallest margin, Rp. 4,000.00/kg, is found in channel IA at the Keraton Market Retailer level. The highest marketing profit in channel II is Rp. 17,678.00/kg, whereas the highest profit is Rp. 7,999,46 in channel IA in the Keraton Market area. Channel IA Pasar Keraton has the highest percentage of farmers at 77.44 percent, while channel II has the lowest percentage of farmers at 62.59 percent. The largest profit share for wholesalers is 37.00 percent in channel II, while the lowest is 22.56 percent in channel 1 in the Keraton Market region. The most efficient marketing channel is channel IA, which serves the Keraton market. Its economic efficiency is superior to that of channels IB and II, and its technical efficiency is superior to that of the Keraton market. This translates to lower distribution costs and more acceptability by major institutions.
Penentu Respon Petani Terhadap Budidaya Dan Pemanfaatan Sorgum: Studi Kasus di Desa Kawalelo Kecamatan Demon Pagong Kabupaten Flores Timur, NTT
Authors: Goran Mathilda Bura , Sinu Ignatius , R. Pellokila Marthen
Published: September 2021

Sorghum is an important alternative food commodity for some rural communities in East Nusa Tenggata (NTT). This research is to find out the determinants of farmers' responses to the cultivation and utilization of sorghum in the research area. This study involved 30 respondents in sorghum cultivation and 30 respondents from non-sorghum cultivation which were found intentionally. Using survey methods to obtain data. Data were analyzed using the logistic regression model. The results of the study found that the factors that significantly influenced the cultivation and utilization of sorghum were non-formal education factors and the number of family dependents. This finding indicates that sorghum is used as an alternative food if staple food is reduced (entering a famine). The public needs to be educated and advocated that sorghum is not only used as an alternative food commodity in case of food shortages, but sorghum has high nutritional value and is easy to cultivate. Government intervention and the role of the community need to be increased in educating and advocating for farmers.
Integration of Indonesian Coffee Markets with World Coffee Markets
Authors: Napitupulu Haposan Orlando , Sa'diyah Ana Arifatus , Mutiara Farah
Published: September 2021

This study aims to analyze the integration of the Arabica and Robusta coffee markets in Indonesia with world coffee prices. The study uses secondary data in the form of annual time series data during the period 1985 - 2015. The study uses the VECM analysis method. This method explains the relationship of long-term dynamic equilibrium and short-term equilibrium in a system of equations. The analysis shows that Indonesian and world Arabica coffee is not integrated in the long term or the short term. In Robusta coffee VECM estimation analysis shows that there is a significant value at the 10% level in a long-term relationship with a value of 0.08579, which means that there is a short-term relationship between world Robusta coffee prices and domestic Robusta coffee prices in the previous year, but no relationship in the long run.
Efisiensi Teknis Penggunaan Input Produksi Pada Usahatani Sawi (Kasus Desa Baumata, Timur Kecamatan Taebenu Kabupaten Kupang, NTT)
Authors: Murdolelono Salsabila L. , Kapa Maximilian M. J. , Bano Maria
Published: September 2021

This study aims (1) to analyze the influence of the use of production factors on the amount of mustard production; (2) to analyze the technical efficiency of the use of production inputs in mustard farming in the research area; and (3) to analyze the feasibility of mustard farming in the research area. Determination of the sample of respondent farmers using the method of saturated samples because the members of the population is small (41 people). So the number of respondents was as many as 41 farmers. The results showed that the use of land area input (x1), seeds (x2), organic fertilizers (x3), inorganic fertilizers (x4), pesticides (x5), and labor (X6) simultaneously had a significant effect on mustard production (α=0.05), as evidenced by the value of F-stat of 441,015 greater than F table of 2.49. Partially the production factor that has a very significant effect (α=0.01) on the increase in mustard production is the land with a regression coefficient of 0.082 and a t-stat value of 8,396, seeds have a real effect (α0.05) on mustard production with a regression coefficient value of 0.082 and a t count value of 3,075 and inorganic fertilizers have a noticeable effect (α=0.10) on mustard production with a regression coefficient value of 0.065 and a t stat value of 2.125. While other production factors, namely organic fertilizers, pesticides and labor have no real effect on the production of mustard at the research site. The Coefficient of Determination (R2) obtained a value of 0.994 which means that 99,4% of the dependent variable was expamimed by the independent variables while the remaining 0.6% is explained by other variables that are not included in the model. The use of production factors such as land area, seeds, organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and labor in mustard farming was technically efficient, because the value of b > 0. This can be seen from the coefficient of regression of each variable, namely land area (0.395), seeds (0.082), organic fertilizers (0.079), inorganic fertilizers (0.395) and labor (0.002). While the pesticide input production in mustard farming is technically inefficient, because the value of b < 0. This can be seen from the value of pesticide regression coefficient of -0.035. Mustard farming at the research site provides relative profit with the value of R /C Ratio > 1 (R/C= 3.65) so that mustard farming is feasible to be cultivated.
Analisa Pendapatan Usahatani Tanaman Pacar Air di Desa Dukuh Klopo Kecamatan Peterongan Kabupaten Jombang
Authors: Rahmatullah Viki , Hartanti Dyah Ayu Sri , Qomariyah Siti Nur
Published: September 2021

Agriculture is a significant sector of the Indonesian economy. Farmers strive for economically advantageous outcomes in the processing of farming, where the costs paid can result in maximum production. This increases demand for flowers, one of which is water henna. Farmers must enhance production to fulfill the demand for water henna flowers. The purpose of this study is to determine the viability of water henna flower growing in Dukuh Klopo Village, Peterongan District, Jombang Regency. The analytical method employed in this research is a combination of descriptive and quantitative analysis, which will be used to determine the income generated by water henna farming. According to the feasibility analysis results, the B/C – Ratio for water henna plant cultivation in Dukuh Klopo Village, Peterongan District, Jombang Regency is 1.57. This means that for every Rp. 1 spent, the henna plant farming industry in Dukuh Klopo Village, Peterongan District, Jombang Regency generates Rp. 1.57 rupiah in revenue. Thus, the B/C Ratio approach enables the development of water henna flower farming in Dukuh Klopo Village, Peterongan District, Jombang Regency.
Chess as a meaning: evolution of a significant in medieval culture
Authors: Mojeiko Marina A.
Published: September 2021

Dedicated to the analysis of chess as a sign system (namely as meaning). The modelling nature of the chess game has been substantiated. The process of semiotic evolution of chess pieces game has been reconstructed: in this context chaturanga, chatrang, shatranji, Levis chess, lovers’ chess, courier chess, moon chess and others game have been analysed. The evolution of the meanings behind a chess game through the history of medieval culture has been considered: battle – knightly tournament – courtly flirting – society as a whole – being as such.
Everyday practices research: the analysis of religious travel practices in Belarusian society
Authors: Shkurova Elena V. , Burak Tatsiana V.
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the importance of travel practices in the structure of social relations between religious subjects in the field of involvement in interfaith relations. The results of a sociological study of travels to holy places are presented in a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodology, questionnaire survey and semiotic analysis of texts. A qualitative approach to the study of religiosity provides an in-depth interpretation of the religious practices pecularities. However, the quantitative representation is relevant to identify general trends in the formation of strategies of religious behaviour. The model combinatig qualitative and quantitative methods of studying tourist practices provides the possibility of their complex analysis. The experience of carried out sociological research shows how qualitative research data can clearly complement the structural characteristics of religious travel (quantitative indicators) with the features of the subjectivity of such travel. The study found: 1) a religious journey involves the implementation of everyday practices of reproduction of meanings and participation in intercultural interaction, as well as the implementation of sacred rituals; 2) a notable number of the religious population in Belarus has experience of religious travel, but pilgrimage is not a regular practice for a significant part of them; 3) the iconic pilgrimage structure is constructed in the virtual verbal texts of Belarusians involved in the daily practice of travelling to holy places. It is formed by several components of the meaning of the «path»: life, the spiritual path, search, cognition, communication, unity, collective emotions.
Hybrid System Converting Solar Energy Into Electric Energy
Authors: Ismanov Yu. , Niyazov N. , Dzhamankyzov N.
Published: September 2021

The article discusses a mathematical model of a hybrid system that combines photovoltaic and thermoelectric methods for converting concentrated solar energy into electrical energy. The specified mathematical model makes it possible to determine the temperatures of the photovoltaic module, as well as the temperature of the electrodes of the thermoelectric generator module. Optimal operating conditions have been determined for the hybrid system, taking into account the thermal contact resistance at the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator. The simulation proceeded from the fact that only part of the absorbed solar radiation is converted into electricity due to the photoelectric effect, some part is lost due to radiation and convection from the upper surface of the photovoltaic module into the environment, and the rest is transferred to a thermoelectric generator connected to the lower part. photovoltaic module. A thermoelectric generator converts some of the thermal energy it receives from the photovoltaic module into electricity through the Seebeck effect, but most of it goes to the cooling system. The conversion of heat into electrical energy was based on the well-known Seebeck and Peltier effects. Along with these effects, such effects were taken into account as the formation of Joule heat due to the presence of electric current in the thermoelectric generator, Fourier thermal conductivity, as a consequence of the appearance of a temperature gradient in the transitions of a thermoelectric generator and Thomson heat, which arises both due to the presence of a temperature gradient, and electric current. The resulting model of the hybrid system makes it possible to study the effect of changing the temperature difference between the hot and cold electrodes of the thermoelectric generator and the resistance of the external circuit on the performance of the hybrid system. The model also allows the determination of the optimal operating conditions for the hybrid system, taking into account the thermal contact resistance on the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator.
‘Never Just a Game’: Storytelling, Gaming, and Death in Luka and the Fire of Life and Joseph Anton
Authors: Laskar Rizia Begum
Published: September 2021

Salman Rushdie's Luka and the Fire of Life and Joseph Anton both reflect on his concerns with death along with an attempt to keep the process of storytelling alive. This article explores Rushdie's addressing of the literal threat of death in the memoir and the metaphorical death of storytelling abilities in the children's fiction. The emphasis of this article is on Rushdie's usage of gaming and virtual reality to retain his authority in the storytelling world.
Akademisyenlerin ResearchGate ve Google Scholar Citations Kullanımları: Türkiye’deki Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: IŞIK Demet
Published: September 2021

Akademik sosyal ağlar bilimsel iletişim sürecinde kendine yer bulan, akademik çalışmaların ve yayınların açık erişim ilkesi doğrultusunda paylaşılmasına ve görünürlüğünün artırılmasına olanak sağlayan, sosyal ağ yapıları ile benzer özellikler taşıyan web siteleridir. 2008 yılında ortaya çıkmaya başlayan akademik sosyal ağlar, araştırmacılar ve akademisyenler tarafından yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Araştırmalar sonucunda dünyada yaygın olarak kullanıldığı tespit edilen akademik sosyal ağlardan ResearchGate ve akademik profil oluşturmaya izin veren bir platform olan Google Scholar Citations hakkında ayrıntılı bilgilere yer verilen bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi alanında çalışan 128 akademisyenin bu ağlardaki profil bilgileri incelenmiştir. Buna göre akademisyenlerin %62,5’inin (n=80) ResearchGate profili ve %72,65’inin (n=93) Google Scholar Citations profili bulunmaktadır. Bu iki ağın ortak göstergeleri olan yayın ve atıf sayısı ile h-indeks değerleri karşılaştırılmıştır. ResearchGate profili bulunan akademisyenlerin ResearchGate’e toplam 1.658 yayın yükledikleri, Google Scholar Citations’a ise 4.071 yayın ekledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Akademisyenlerin ResearchGate’teki yayınlarının toplam atıf sayısı 6.580, Google Scholar Citations’ta ise 22.882’dir. Yayın başına düşen atıf sayısı ResearchGate’te 3,96 iken Google Scholar Citations’ta 5,62’dir. ResearchGate’te akademisyenlerin h-indeks ortalaması 2,83 ve Google Scholar Citations’ta 6,02’dir. ResearchGate atıfları ve Google Scholar Citations atıfları ile her iki platformdaki h-indeks değerleri arasında olumlu yönde anlamlı yüksek düzeyde bir korelasyon tespit edilmiştir. Kapsama alınan platformların Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi bölümleri akademisyenlerince kullanımlarında üniversitelerine, unvanlarına ve cinsiyetlerine göre farklılıklar olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Ukrainian society of geodesy and cartography 30 years
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, TREVOHO I. , CHETVERIKOV B. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: September 2021

The articles briefly present information on the main achievements and scope of the Ukrainian Society of Geodesy and Cartography for thirty years of existence.
Application of blockchain technology for geospatial data protection and management
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, CHETVERIKOV B. , KILARU V. ,   Western Geodetic Society USGC
Published: September 2021

The aim of the work is to analyze the essence of the blockchain system and its architecture. Application of this ystem for geospatial data management, for solving mapping and land management. The uniqueness of the use of blockchain technologies eliminates the falsification of information in electronic registers by storing information “blocks”. The system does not have a single storage location. The data register is stored simultaneously for all participants in the system and is simultaneously updated with changes, which minimizes the risk of information loss. At the moment, we can trace such a global trend as the use of blockchain technology in various industries, because it affects most industries. We have the opportunity to use blockchain technology from our usual banking operations to real-time finance and real estate. Today, this trend integrates into other industries, which are actively developing and implementing numerous startups. It is safe to say that the blockchain is creating a revolution and today it can be compared with the ingenious invention of the XX century – the Internet. This technology gives us a completely new, different approach to storing information and conducting transactions by establishing trust rules. Due to this, this technology becomes more suitable because it has requirements with a high degree of security.
Analysis of securing territories with states of the state geodesic network
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, TREVOHO I. , KUKHTAR D. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, ILKIV E. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, GALYARNYK M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the work is to investigate the possibilities of using geospatial analysis to assess the state of geodetic support of territories for mapping of different scales, on the example of Ivano-Frankivsk region. Method. Methods of geospatial analysis, in particular zoning of the territory by means of buffer polygons, and also application of a hexagonal grid are used for researches. Results. An algorithm for estimating the state of geodetic support of territories using the method of buffer zones and the method of hexagonal polygons is presented. A comparison of methods is performed and graphical schemes of both methods are presented. The analysis of the results allowed to establish that the state of geodetic support of the territories of the studied areas varies widely. For mapping on a scale of 1:10000 and 1:25000, geodetic support varies between 65–92 %, depending on the area. Bogorodchany district has the highest indicators, Horodenkivsky district has the lowest. The percentage of territories is reduced for larger scales of 1:5000 and 1:2000. Mapping on such a scale requires additional network thickening. The method of hexagonal polygons on average showed better results by 6.4 % than the method of buffer zones. The maximum difference between the calculated collateral obtained from the two methods is 9.7 %; the minimum is 2.4%. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The analysis of the provision of SGN points using geospatial analysis, on the example of Ivano-Frankivsk region, showed the feasibility of its use for these purposes. A comparative analysis of geospatial analysis methods to assess the state of geodetic support based on graphical materials and quantitative characteristics showed that the best results can be obtained using the method of hexagonal polygons. Using the method of buffer zones gives less reliable results. The proposed and researched approach can be used to study the provision of points of the State Geodetic Network for the whole territory of Ukraine, as well as for the territories of individual OTGs, districts and regions.
Refractive lengthening of signal trajectories in satellite laser ranging
Authors:   National Scientific Centre “Institute of Metrology”, PROKOPOV A. , OLIINYK O. ,   National Scientific Centre “Institute of Metrology”, TREVOHO I. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: September 2021

Aim. The aim of this work is to improve the accuracy of methods for calculating the tropospheric delay caused by the refractive lengthening of the satellite laser rangefinder signal trajectory on the transatmospheric path. Method. One of the main factors that reduce the accuracy of measuring the distance to artificial Earth satellites with satellite laser rangefinders is the influence of the inhomogeneous Earth troposphere on the rangefinder propagation characteristics. This effect leads to an additional signal delay on the measured path, firstly, due to the differences in its propagation speed in a non-uniform environment from the speed of light in vacuum, and secondly, due to the refractive lengthening of the signal trajectory due to the effect of refraction, which is a result of this inhomogeneity. The refractive lengthening is the difference between the real length of a signal trajectory (with the tropospheric part curved by the refraction) and the distance from the observation point to the satellite in a straight line. The calculations are based on use of the integral form of the geometric optics’ ray equation. With the help of well-known quadrature formulas, this integral form is reduced to a system of algebraic equations connecting the elongation due to refraction and the length of the tropospheric part of the trajectory. The main idea of the new method is the refusal of the widespread use of simplified analytical models of the tropospheric profile when calculating the ratio for the signal trajectory lengthening. In the proposed variant, this ratio is given as an integrated function along the trajectory for values that take into account the actual state of the tropospheric profile at the time of measuring the distance to the satellite. Results. Relationships are obtained for the refractive lengthening and the length of the tropospheric part of the trajectory, which depend on the integral values along the path, namely, the angles of the terrestrial and photogrammetric refraction. Scientific novelty and practical importance. The proposed relations make it possible to determine the refractive elongation through the angles of refraction, which take into account the actual state of the inhomogeneous tropospheric layer for the observed satellite of the Earth immediately at the time of measurements.
Anniversary XXV ISTC “Geoforum”
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, TREVOHO I. , TKACHUK P. ,   National Academy of Land Forces, SAVCHUK S. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, CHETVERIKOV B. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, VANCHURA O. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: September 2021

The main events in the work of the XXV anniversary International Scientific and Technical Conference “Geoforum”, which took place on June 9–11, 2021 in Lviv – Bryukhovychi – Yavoriv, are covered. Preparation and holding of the conference, grand opening, work of plenary sessions, scientific sections and presentations, a powerful exhibition of new technologies and equipment, unique measuring systems, software products, etc. are considered. The state and prospects of development of geodetic, topographic, cartographic and cadastral works are estimated.
GIS-technologies in the creation of planned geodesic basics for developing a general plan of a population
Authors:   Kharkiv National Motor-Road University, KAZACHENKO L. , CHUBUKIN R. ,   Kharkiv National University of Bulding and Architecture, KAZACHENKO V. ,   Kharkiv National University of Municipal Economy n. after A. N. Beketova
Published: September 2021

Purpose. The application of geodetic measuring systems and geodetic software in creating a planned geodetic basis for establishing the boundaries of the settlement or expanding its boundaries requires a modern cartographic basis in digital form and created a master plan. Methodology. This is achieved through geodetic measurements and computer processing of their results. GIS technologies and remote sensing in this case help to solve the problem quickly, accurately, efficiently and with the least time and money. Old cartographic materials, according to which geodetic surveys were carried out and which served as a basis for obsolete, do not meet modern requirements for the creation of cartographic products. Therefore, there is a need to update cartographic materials in new digital formats and enter in the created database of the State Land and Urban Cadastre, ie to fill the state cadastral system with information layers. The created information layers of the Public cadastral map and the Digitals software simplify the solution of problems of geodesy, cartography and land management. Entering information into the databases of the State Geocadastre and Urban Cadastre requires the creation of modern digital cartographic materials and electronic documents. DBNs adopted in Ukraine dictate certain requirements for the creation and design of appropriate cartographic materials for the development of Master Plans of settlements. Results. Geodetic surveys were performed on the research territory by electronic measuring systems and the results of measurements in the software were processed. The constructed plan-height substantiation of the territory of the settlement made it possible to create a digital map (model) of the area – CMM in a very short time. Scientific novelty. Such Digital maps are the basis for the creation of various cartographic materials in electronic form and can serve various purposes of the national economy. Such digital maps with the help of GIS technologies can be the filling of electronic resources of different industries and serve to fill different types of information about certain objects, phenomena, ie to monitor the land. Practical significance. The result of the study was the creation of a digital map of the settlement and entry in the databases of the State Land and Urban Cadastre information about the boundaries and structure by developing appropriate urban and land management documentation.
Method of mapping of the national parks and protected areas of Ukraine using GIS technology
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, CHETVERIKOV B. , KOSTYANCHUK A. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: September 2021

Aim. The aim of the work is to create a thematic map of National Parks and protected areas of Ukraine using GIS technologies. The objectives of the work are to propose a technological scheme of mapping of National parks and protected areas of Ukraine using GIS technologies and to describe the methodology of this mapping. Method. The first step was to search for input data and analyze them. Since the data was obtained from free online services, their geometric correction did not make sense, as they were already bound in the coordinate system WGS_1984. The following 11 layers were then vectorized: nature reserves, biosphere reserves, nature parks, regional landscape parks, reserves, natural monuments, protected tracts, botanical gardens, dendrological parks, zoological parks, parks-monuments of landscape art. An attribute database with the following structure is created for each vector layer: Name – name of the protected area, Oblast – location (region of Ukraine), Area – area of the territory (ha), Type – type of protected area according to the classification. Different symbols of protected objects are designed for each vector layer. In the future, it is planned to compile an atlas of National Parks and Protected Areas of Ukraine based on the created GIS. Results. As a result of this goal, we obtained a thematic map of National Parks and protected areas of Ukraine, which consists of 11 vector layers according to the classification of nature reserves of Ukraine and contains 1204 objects for which the corresponding attribute tables have been created. Practical significance. The practical significance of this work is quite high, because orderly, systematized spatial and attributive information will: help in resolving issues of land management and recreation; improving management efficiency; to promote the provision and development of scientific activity; to improve the information and educational functioning of the objects of the nature reserve fund, etc.
Results of the software application for determination elements of external orientation of digital images of topographic aerial surveying from UAV
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, FYS M. , HLOTOV V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, HUNINA A. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, PROTSYK M. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: September 2021

One of the problems with the use of UAVs for high-precision mapping is the inability to install on these devices an accurate stabilization system to determine the angular EEO images, so there is a need to develop methods for accurate location of EEO. To date, there are many developments in the definition of elements of EEO. However, there are a number of issues in their practical implementation. This applies primarily to attempts to improve the accuracy of obtaining the coordinates of the points of objects on the ground. Aim. Investigate the possibility of the proposed algorithm for determining the elements of EEO of digital images obtained by aerial surveying from an UAV. Methodology. Based on the condition of collinearity, two types of functions are determined for which the minimum is searched. This process of determining the elements of the EEO is performed using software. A diverse set of programs makes it possible to implement such a search, and a reasonable initial approximation of the EEA and provides a definition of their optimal parameters [Hlotov, 2020; Zavarzin, 2013; Berezina, 2018; Kim Hon Ir, 2017]. Results. The proposed approach was tested on the corresponding digital images obtained by aerial surveying from UAVs at checkpoints, which made it possible to justify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The specified RMSE had the following values: = 0.15 m, = 0.18 m, = 0.40 m. After specifying the steel error = 0.06 m, = 0.03 m, = 0.25 m. The analysis of the unknown results confirms the improvement of the accuracy of coordinate determination by specifying the values of RMS relative to those obtained in the software package Models and the proposed algorithm. Scientific novelty and practical significance. An algorithm has been developed that makes it possible to determine the value of EEO using software without the use of special software for digital image processing. First of all, it makes it possible to improve the accuracy of EEO determination for digital images obtained from UAVs and allows to significantly expand the range of tasks using UAVs.
Monitoring coniferous forests using remote sensing data (on the example of Tukhlyanske forestry)
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, BURSHTYNSKA Kh. , DEKALIUK Y. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the work is to consider the state of coniferous forests of the Tukhlyanske forestry of the Precarpathian region. Changes in land cover, pollution of air, water and soil, and deterioration of their quality, loss of biological diversity occur for forest ecosystems at the regional and global levels. Climate change, rising temperatures and declining rainfall are provoking the development of pests that are most common in coniferous forests. Remote sensing technologies allow to create forest monitoring systems, including determination of plantation structure, detection of changes in forests due to fires, deforestation, environmental problems, in particular forest drying. The method of detecting changes in forests is based on the use of high-resolution space imagery and on the processing of images obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles to identify healthy, dried and partially damaged by drying conifers in test areas. The result of the study is an image obtained by the method of controlled classification. The accuracy of the classification depends on the choice of signatures, and for that the UAV images are used. Scientific novelty and practical significance. A method for the identification of different states of coniferous forests using the method of controlled classification by the algorithm of maximum probability is proposed. The choice of class signatures is fundamental to solving the problem. The technique can be applied in various structures of forestry
An Exegesis Paper On Ignatius To Ephesians 18-19
Authors: Chia Philip Suciadi , Juanda Juanda
Published: September 2021

There are 7 letters written by Ignatius from Antioch, while traveling to Rome. One of them is the church at Ephesus which consists of 21 chapters. In this letter, Ignatius urges these Christians to be in unity with their bishop, because the Docetists were denying the true humanity of Christ. We also find here the unique emphasis on Jesus Christ as the one physician and the Eucharist as ‘the medicine of immortality’. Furthermore, by insisting on the virgin birth to explain Jesus’ existence as the Christ, Ignatius makes a vigorous anti-docetic statement.

In this exegetical study, the writer will specifically examine only chapters 18-19, to find the meaning of the writing of these two chapters, which are related to suffering through self-sacrifice. Ignatius speaks in self-deprecating terms as he gives his life as a self-offering. By the world, he is regarded as a criminal but in God’s plan of salvation (oikonomia) his sufferings benefit the church. Ignatius merely makes this more explicit with his remark that what God had prepared ‘had its beginning’. He probably would have gone on to stress the passion as the culmination of God’s plan, though he was also conscious of the fact that Satan’s power had not even yet been completely destroyed.
Analysis of Genetic Variability Amongst Polyploid Genotypes of Pteris vittata L. From Various Geographic Locales of India
Authors: Mathur Jyoti , Khare P. B. , Panwar Apurva , Ranade S. A.
Published: September 2021

Pteris vittataL. is very common and a widely distributed species belongs to the family Pteridaceae. Various cytotypes from diploid to octaploid is available in this fern species. The present work has been carried out for genetic diversity in this fern both within and between the cytotypes. The molecular analysis at inter- as well as intra-species has been carried out with 57 accessions ofP. vittataas well as of other species ofPteriswithMicrosorium punctatumconsidered as an out group taxon. For the present study 48P. vittata(36 tetraploid and 12 pentaploid) and five of other species (fourP. cretica, oneP. pellucida, oneP. tremula, oneP. quadriaurita, and twoP. ensiformis) accessions were used. The UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrograms were generated for each method separately, as well as for all methods cumulatively, after a 1000 replicate bootstrap analysis. In order to determine the utility of each of the method, a comparative statistical assessment was done and marker index (MI), expected average heterozygosity, fraction of polymorphic loci and effective multiplex ratio (EMR) were calculated in case of each of the methods used in the present study. At the level of individual methods highest MI was obtained for directed amplification of minisatellites DNA (DAMD) method. Our findings of the present study concluded that out of the three methods Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR), and Directed Amplification of Minisatellite DNA (DAMD), DAMD was the best in term of polymorphism and heterozygosity as scores exhibited highest MI. The different accessions ofP. vittatacollected from different phytogeographical regions falls into six groups. Out of six clusters, one cluster is of pentaploid cytotype, four clusters are of tetraploid cytotype and one for outgroup taxon (M. punctatum). The result thus showed that within tetraploid, heterozygosity with variable genomic structure exists.
Pan-Cancer Analysis of PIMREG as a Biomarker for the Prognostic and Immunological Role
Authors: Zhu Hua , Hu Xinyao , Ye Yingze , Jian Zhihong , Zhong Yi , Gu Lijuan , Xiong Xiaoxing
Published: September 2021

Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein interacting mitotic regulator (PIMREG) localizes to the nucleus and can significantly elevate the nuclear localization of clathrin assembly lymphomedullary leukocythemia gene. Although there is some evidence to support an important action for PIMREG in the occurrence and development of certain cancers, currently no pan-cancer analysis of PIMREG is available. Therefore, we intended to estimate the prognostic predictive value of PIMREG and to explore its potential immune function in 33 cancer types. By using a series of bioinformatics approaches, we extracted and analyzed datasets from Oncomine, The Cancer Genome Atlas, Cancer Cell Lineage Encyclopedia (CCLE) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), to explore the underlying carcinogenesis of PIMREG, including relevance of PIMREG to prognosis, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor microenvironment (TME) and infiltration of immune cells in various types of cancer. Our findings indicate that PIMREG is highly expressed in at least 24 types of cancer, and is negatively correlated with prognosis in major cancer types. In addition, PIMREG expression was correlated with TMB in 24 cancers and with MSI in 10 cancers. We revealed that PIMREG is co-expressed with genes encoding major histocompatibility complex, immune activation, immune suppression, chemokine and chemokine receptors. We also found that the different roles of PIMREG in the infiltration of different immune cell types in different tumors. PIMREG can potentially influence the etiology or pathogenesis of cancer by acting on immune-related pathways, chemokine signaling pathway, regulation of autophagy, RIG-I like receptor signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation, FC epsilon RI pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, T cell receptor pathway, NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and other immune-related pathways. Our study suggests that PIMREG can be applied as a prognostic marker in a variety of malignancies because of its role in tumorigenesis and immune infiltration.
Coastal Adaptation and Uncertainties: The Need of Ethics for a Shared Coastal Future
Authors: Sánchez-Arcilla Agustín , Gracia Vicente , Mösso César , Cáceres Iván , González-Marco Daniel , Gómez Jesús
Published: September 2021

Coastal hydro-morphodynamics present significant uncertainties, one order of magnitude larger for sediment transport than for the driving hydrodynamics. Met-ocean factors (waves, currents, and levels essentially) are normally selected from a probability distribution, where only the central trend is considered, and then the analysis of hydro-morphodynamic processes is carried out within a deterministic framework. This analysis is often based on a non-updated topo-bathymetry, with implicit error intervals for many variables, which results in uncertainties that, unless presented from an ethical perspective, tend to hinder proactive decision making and thus result in growing coastal degradation. To address this challenge, the article starts with the uncertainty in water/sediment fluxes and resulting morphodynamic impacts under average and storm conditions, proving the need to include explicit error levels in the analysis and subsequent assessments. The article develops this approach for field and lab data, considering how they are extrapolated to estimate key variables in coastal sustainability and engineering decisions, illustrated in terms of the longshore sand transport. Such a key variable estimation presents large uncertainties and thus requires a stricter ethical approach for extreme events, which serves to illustrate the transmission of uncertainties. The article concludes with a short overview of the implications that these uncertainties may have for coastal risk assessments and proactive decision making, discussing how large error levels without a suitable ethical assessment may result in socio-economic mistrust, which will limit the necessary optimism to address future coastal sustainability.
A Prospective Cohort Study on the Prevalent and Recurrent Tuberculosis Isolates Using the MIRU-VNTR Typing
Authors: Qiu Beibei , Tao Bilin , Liu Qiao , Li Zhongqi , Song Huan , Tian Dan , Wu Jizhou , Wu Zhuchao , Zhan Mengyao , Lu Wei , Wang Jianming
Published: September 2021

The study aims to describe the clustering characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) strains circulating in eastern China and determine the ratio of relapse and reinfection in recurrent patients. We recruited sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases from five cities of Jiangsu Province, China, during August 2013 and December 2015. Patients were followed for the treatment outcomes and recurrence based on a cohort design. M.tb strains were isolated and genotyped using the 12-locus MIRU-VNTR. The Beijing family was identified by the extended Region of Difference (RD) analysis. The Hunter-Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGDI) was used to judge the resolution ability of MIRU-VNTR. The odds ratio (OR) together with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the strength of association. We performed a cluster analysis on 2098 M.tb isolates and classified them into 545 genotypes and five categories (I, 0.19%; II, 0.43%; III, 3.34%; IV, 77.46%; V, 18.59%). After adjusting for potential confounders, the Beijing family genotype (OR = 118.63, 95% CI: 79.61–176.79, P = 0.001) was significantly related to the dominant strain infections. Patients infected with non-dominant strains had a higher risk of the pulmonary cavity (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.01–1.91, P = 0.046). Among 37 paired recurrent cases, 22 (59.46%) were determined as endogenous reactivation, and 15 (40.54%) were exogenous reinfection. The type of M.tb strains prevalent in Jiangsu Province is relatively single. Beijing family strains infection is dominant in local tuberculosis cases. Endogenous reactivation appears to be a major cause of recurrent tuberculosis in Eastern China. This finding emphasizes the importance of case follow-up and monitoring after the completion of antituberculosis treatment.
The Binary Toxin of Clostridioides difficile Alters the Proteome and Phosphoproteome of HEp-2 Cells
Authors: Stieglitz Florian , Gerhard Ralf , Pich Andreas
Published: September 2021

Clostridioides difficile is a major cause of nosocomial infection worldwide causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea and some cases are leading to pseudomembranous colitis. The main virulence factors are toxin A and toxin B. Hypervirulent strains of C. difficile are linked to higher mortality rates and most of these strains produce additionally the C. difficile binary toxin (CDT) that possesses two subunits, CDTa and CDTb. The latter is responsible for binding and transfer of CDTa into the cytoplasm of target cells; CDTa is an ADP ribosyltransferase catalyzing the modification of actin fibers that disturbs the actin vs microtubule balance and induces microtubule-based protrusions of the cell membrane increasing the adherence of C. difficile. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Thus, we performed a screening experiment using MS-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics techniques. Epithelial Hep-2 cells were treated with CDTa and CDTb in a multiplexed study for 4 and 8 h. Phosphopeptide enrichment was performed using affinity chromatography with TiO2 and Fe-NTA; for quantification, a TMT-based approach and DDA measurements were used. More than 4,300 proteins and 5,600 phosphosites were identified and quantified at all time points. Although only moderate changes were observed on proteome level, the phosphorylation level of nearly 1,100 phosphosites responded to toxin treatment. The data suggested that CSNK2A1 might act as an effector kinase after treatment with CDT. Additionally, we confirmed ADP-ribosylation on Arg-177 of actin and the kinetic of this modification for the first time.