bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konsep Penulisan Ilmiah
Authors: Nurachmah Elly
Published: May 2019

Artikel ilmiah adalah karangan ilmu pengetahuan yang menyajikan data dan fakta yang sahih serta ditulis menurut metodologi penulisan yang baik dan benar. Menulis artikel ilmiah memerlukan suatu upaya dan waktu yang memadai agar dapat menghasilkan suatu tulisan yang sahih dan akurat, serta layak dibaca. Beberapa tahapan penulisan diawali dengan menentukan permasalahan, menentukan judul tulisan, membuat regangan kerja, mengumpulkan bahan-bahan tulisan, dan mempertahankan sistem retrieval. Pengorganisasian materi dan pemeriksaan kembali hasil penulisan diperlukan untuk menjamin bahwa tulisan sudah mengikuti kaidah-kaidah penulisan yang berlaku. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah sebagai masukan bagi penulis artikel ilmiah pemula agar dapat menghasilkan tulisan ilmiah yang baik. Abstract A scientific article is an academic paper that is written according to a valid data and facts based on appropriate methodology. Writing a scientific paper needs some efforts and appropriate time in order to produce a valid, accurate and readable article. A writer need to go through some phases begin with determining a problem, deciding a topic of the article, developing an outline, collecting materials, and maintaining retrieval system. Organizing materials and re-examining the product of writing need to be done in order to ensure that the article is written according to an appropriate writing rule. The aim of this article is to provide some input for the beginner in order to produce a good scientific article.Keywords: Scientific article, outline, retrieval system.
Aspek Legal Perawatan Sebagai Salah Satu Upaya Menyiasati Era Globalisasi
Authors: Hariyati Rr. Tutik S.
Published: May 2019

Pada awalnya pelayanan asuhan keperawatan merupakan tindakan yang berdasarkan insting dan pengalaman. Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan asuhan keperawatanyang dilakukan oleh seorang perawat harus berdasarkan ilmu dan kiat keperawatan. Pelayanan keperawatan mempunyai implikasi terhadap hokum, untuk itu perlu adanya tanggung jawab dan tanggung gugat dalam melaksanakan pelayanan keperawatan. Menurut UU Kesehatan No.23 Tahun 1992, perawat merupakan salh satu tenaga kesehatan professional, sehingga perawat mempunyai hak dan juga dapat diminta tanggung jawab dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Perawat yang lalai, ceroboh, dan salah dalam melaksanakan tugasnya dapat dimintai tanggung jawab dan tanggung gugatnya. Untuk menjaga dari masalah tersebut di atas diperlukan pengetahuanaspek hukum pada perawat. Historically, nursing care is provided based on instinct and experience. In accordance with the development of science and technology, specifically in nursing care is provided by a nurse based on nursing science and art. Legal aspects of nursing include responsibility and accountability of care providers in providing nursing care to the clients. According to Health Acts No.23, 1992, a nurse is a professional health them member. Further, she/he has rights and responsibilities to do her/his job. For those who conduct their job in appropriately and in accurately will be asked to be responsible and accountable for their wrong doing or negligence. To prevent such problems, every nurse needs to know and to consider aspect of law in nursing.
How nurse express their caring behavior to patients with special needs (Research Report)
Authors: Nurachmah Elly
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the research was to explore how nurses who work in the specific nursing care facilities express their caring behavior to patients with special needs. A descriptive explorative research design was conducted, and a thirty item questions was administered to nurses who work in ICU, CCU, Casualty/Emergency, Stroke unit, and hemodialysis units in hospitals in Jakarta Metropolitan. The questions were derived from ten carrative factors of Watson’s theory of Caring (Watson, 1994). One hundred sixty five questions was distributed during a month of data collection period, and only 102 questionnaires fulfilled the criteria. Among the findings showed that more than 75% of respondents appreciated clients as persons who have privascy and dignity. The recommendations were directed to nursing authority in the area of education that caring spirit should be grown since the early years of nursing education. In addition, the nursing managers should pay more attention to create conducive environment for nurses to build more cohesive – trust relationship with clients and families. Further research needs to be conducted to cover large subjects, different area of nursing practice, and in a longitudinal observation involving additional sub variables.
What Constitutes The Elements Of A Nursing Continence Assesment: A Literature Review
Authors: Sumawarti Made
Published: May 2019

Urinary incontinence is a treatable condition. It, however, is a possible to tackle incontinence before finding the cause of this problem. The cause of incontinence may be established through an accurate assessment. As the first phase in the process of nursing care, assessment takes a key position to successful outcome. The comprehensive assessment includes questions about history, medication review, a bladder/voiding diary, environmental assessment, physical examination, functional assessment, and additional test such as urinalysis, culture, post void residual measurement, and urodynamic. Inkontinensia urine merupakan kondisi ang dapat ditangani. Penanganan inkontinesia urin ini hanya dapat ditangani secara tepat apabila penyebabnya diketahui terlebih dahulu. Penyebab ini dapat diketahui melalui pengkajian. Sebagai tahap awal dari asuhan keperawatan, pengkajian merupakn kunci eberhasilan dari tindakan yang akan dilakukan. Pengkajian untuk inkontinensia urin ini melipui riwayat kesehatan yang lalu, riwayat medis, catatn harian pemasukan dan pengeluaran cairan, pengkajian lingkungan, pengkajian fisik dan fungsi. Pengkajian yang lain meliputi urinalisi, kultur urin, tes residu urin dan urodinamika.
Persepsi Lansia Terhadap Asuhan Keperawatan Gerontik yang Dilakukan oleh Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia di Kelurahan Rawa Bunga Kecamatan Jatinegara, Jakarta Timur
Authors: Permatasari Henny
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sejauh mana persepsi lansia terhadap asuhan keperawatan gerontik yang diberikan oleh mahasiswa FIK-UI di Kelurahan Rawa Bunga Kecamatan Jatinegara Jakarta Timur. Metoda yang digunakn adalah deskriptif eksploratif. Sampel yang diambil sebagai responden adalah lansia yang telah dibina mahasiswa pada saat melakukan praktek keperawatan gerontik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lansia dapat merasakan manfaat dilakukannya asuhan keperawatan gerontik dengan skor rata-rata 4,04. Untuk menindaklanjuti penelitian ini direkomendasikan untuk melakukan penelitian tentang lansia terhadap asuhan keperawatan gerontik dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, karena persepsi merupakan penjelasan tentang pengalaman yang perlu dipelajari secra lebih mendalam sehingga tidak cukup hanya menggunakan metode kuantitatif. The purpose of this research was to identify how to elderly perception of the nursing care of elderly that was given by the students of Faculty of Nursing University of Indonesia. The area of this research was in 3 sub districts of Rawa Bunga district, East Jakarta. The research utilized explorative of descriptive design. Sample that was taken as the respondent were elderlies who have been cared by the student while they do their gerontological clinical practice. The result of this research showed that elderlies got the benefit from gerontic from gerontic nursing care by score 4,04. This research recommend to conduct the same research using qualitative method to gain more information related to perception and experience of elderlies.
Sistem Informasi Manajemen Berbasis Komputer di Indonesia, Sudah Perlukah?
Authors: Hariyati Rr. Tutik Sri
Published: May 2019

Perawat mempunyai kontribusi yang sangat penting dalam melaksanakan pelayanan kesehatan pada umumnya dan keperawatan pada khususnya. Kondisi pelaksanaan suhan keperawatandan pelaksanaan dokumentasi keperawatan di Indonesia masih perlu ditingkatkan. Dalam pelaksanaandokumentasi keperawatan perawat srring mengeluh terhadap dokumentasi yang memakan waktu, terlalu banyak memerlukan tulisan dan banyaj perawat belum sepenuhnya faham menuliskannya. Sistem informasi yang berbasis computer sangat praktis karena mampu menyimpan data yang sangat banyak dalam sebuah kotak kecil/hard disk yang berukurab 15x10x5 cm. sistem informasi juga dirancang untuk mengikuti era globalisasi sehingga perawat di Indonesia tidak tertinggal dengan perawat yang di luar negeri. Sistem informasi manajemen berbasis computer sangat banyak keuntungannya tapi perlu dipersiapkan dengan matang sehingga diperoleh sistem informasi yang efektif, handal, akurat dan terpercaya. Nurses have important contribution to deliver health care services in general and nursing care service in particular. Nursing care delivery system includes nursing documentation in Indonesia needs to be improved. In implementing the nursing documentation, many nurses complained of insufficient time, too wordy, and lack of understanding in writing the documentation. He proposed solution is to implement computer based management information system. Computer based management Information System (MIS) is very practical since it has capability to keep bunches of data in a small box/hard disk of 15x10x5 cm. computer based MIS is designed to empower Indonesian nurses in documentation, so they will not be left behind by their colleagues from other countries. Computer based MIS has many advantages, how ever it’s still to be comprehensively prepared in order to produce an effective, accurate, achievable, manageable and trusted information system.
HUBUNGAN PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN COLLABORATIVE LEARNING (CL) and PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DENGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Authors: Afifah Efy
Published: May 2019

AbstrakLulusan merupakan hasil dari proses pendidikan. Setiap program pendidikan, termasuk di Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan UI harus dapat menghasilkan lulusan yang bermutu yang sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu dan tekhnologi dan kebutuhan masyarakat. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas lulusan melalui peningkatan kualitas metode pembelajaran. Penggunaan metoda pembelajaran CL dan PBL yang mulai diterapkan sejak tahun 2002 dinilai dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penerapan metoda pembelajaran CL dan PBL terhadap motivasi peserta didik di Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasi. Sampel penelitian adalah sebanyak 143 peserta didik reguler angkatan 2002 dan 2003. Analisa data dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara penerapan metode pembelajaran CL dan PBL dengan motivasi belajar mahasiswa keperawatan UI (p < 0,05). AbstractGraduate is a result of a learning process. Each learning program, included in Faculty of Nursing University of Indonesia, must produce qualified graduate in time with knowledge and technology development. A qualified graduate can be achieved by many strategies. One of these strategies that has been suggested is an improvement of teaching and learning methods. Collaborative Learning (CL) and Problem Based-Learning (PBL) are known as good methods to increase critical thinking and problem solving competency of the graduate. The research purpose is to explore the correlation between nursing students’ motivation and application of CL and PBL methods in Faculty of Nursing-University of Indonesia. This research design is a descriptive correlation. The samples are 143 students from regular program, who were enrolled in 2002 and 2003 academic year. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. The result of the study conclude that there are a significant correlation between CL and PBL application and nursing student’motivation in Faculty of Nursing-University of Indonesia (p < 0,05).
FENOMENOLOGI HUSSERL: SEBUAH CARA “KEMBALI KE FENOMENA”
Authors: Asih Imalia Dewi
Published: May 2019

AbstrakFenomenologi semakin sering digunakan sebagai metode penelitian keperawatan. Fenomenologi merupakan pendekatan ilmiah yang bertujuan untuk menelaah dan mendeskripsikan fenomena sebagaimana fenomena tersebut dialami secara langsung tanpa adanya proses interpretasi dan abstraksi. Terdapat banyak ahli fenomenologi dengan pemahaman yang berbeda-beda baik sebagai filosofi maupun sebagai metode penelitian. Walaupun demikian, Husserl tetap dikenal sebagai penemu dan tokoh sentral fenomenologi. Fenomenologi Husserl menekankan bahwa untuk memahami fenomena seseorang harus menelaah fenomena apa adanya. Oleh karena itu seseorang harus menyimpan sementara atau mengisolasi asumsi, keyakinan, dan pengetahuan yang telah dimiliki agar mampu melihat fenomena apa adanya atau melakukan proses bracketing. Selanjutnya, fenomena hanya terdapat pada kesadaran seseorang yang mengalaminya. Karena itu fenomena hanya dapat diamati melalui orang yang mengalami. Husserl tidak pernah menerjemahkan filosofinya menjadi metode penelitian terstruktur. Walaupun demikian terdapat bermacam-macam metode yang dianggap paling cocok dan sesuai dengan filosofi Husserl seperti metode Spiegelberg dan Coalizzi. AbstractPhenomenology has been recognized that the utilization of phenomenology in nursing research is increasing. Phenomenology is a scientific approach that attempts to analyze and describe the phenomena, as they are experienced by persons without interpreting and abstracting them. There are well known phenomenologist with different views and interpretations of phenomenology both as a philosophy and as a research method. However, Husserl has always been acknowledged as the founder and central figure of the phenomenological movement. Husserlian phenomenology emphasizes that to understand the phenomena someone needs to see the phenomena as they themselves. Therefore, someone needs to bracket assumptions, beliefs, and knowledge about the phenomena to be able to see the phenomena as they themselves. Furthermore, Husserl believes that the phenomena dwell deep inside the consciousness of the persons to whom the phenomena appear. Therefore, to understand the phenomena someone needs to turn to the persons who experienced the phenomena. Husserl has not derived his philosophy into a structured method of inquiry. However, there are various available methods of inquiry that were compatible with Husserlian phenomenological philosophy, such as Spiegelberg’s and Colaizzi’s method.
How to Create a Hot Foot Line to Prevent Diabetes-Related Amputations: Instant Triage for Emergency Department and Inpatient Consultations
Authors: Miller John D. , Lew Eric J. , Giovinco Nicholas A. , Ochoa Christian , Rowe Vincent L. , Clavijo Leonardo C. , Weaver Fred , Armstrong David G.
Published: May 2019

Emergency department visits for lower extremity complications of diabetes are extremely common throughout the world. Surprisingly, recent data suggest that such visits generate an 81.2% hospital admission rate with an annual bill of at least $1.2 billion in the United States alone. The likelihood of amputation and other subsequent adverse outcomes is strongly associated with three factors: 1) wound severity (degree of tissue loss), 2) ischemia, and 3) foot infection. Using these factors, this article outlines the basic principles needed to create an evidence-based, rapid foot assessment for diabetic foot ulcers presenting to the emergency department, and suggests the establishment of a “hot foot line” for an organized, expeditious response from limb salvage team members. We present a nearly immediate assessment and referral system for patients with atraumatic tissue loss below the knee that has the potential to vastly expedite lower extremity triage in the emergency room setting through greater collaboration and organization.
Density-dependent resistance protects Legionella pneumophila from its own antimicrobial metabolite, HGA
Authors: Levin Tera C , Goldspiel Brian P , Malik Harmit S
Published: May 2019

To persist in microbial communities, the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila must withstand competition from neighboring bacteria. Here, we find that L. pneumophila can antagonize the growth of other Legionella species using a secreted inhibitor: HGA (homogentisic acid). Unexpectedly, L. pneumophila can itself be inhibited by HGA secreted from neighboring, isogenic strains. Our genetic approaches further identify lpg1681 as a gene that modulates L. pneumophila susceptibility to HGA. We find that L. pneumophila sensitivity to HGA is density-dependent and cell intrinsic. Resistance is not mediated by the stringent response nor the previously described Legionella quorum-sensing pathway. Instead, L. pneumophila cells secrete HGA only when they are conditionally HGA-resistant, which allows these bacteria to produce a potentially self-toxic molecule while restricting the opportunity for self-harm. We propose that established Legionella communities may deploy molecules such as HGA as an unusual public good that can protect against invasion by low-density competitors.
Effect of Osteopathic Obstetrical Management on the Duration of Labor in the Inpatient Setting: A Prospective Study and Literature Review
Authors: Martingano Daniel , Ho Samantha , Rogoff Sharon , Chang Grace , Aglialoro George C.
Published: May 2019

Context

Several studies have investigated the effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on labor duration, but the outcomes remain ambiguous. Confounding the relationship between OMT and labor duration is the lack of standardization between treatment settings, gestational ages at the time of treatment, OMT techniques, and overall obstetrical management principles from foundational and modern osteopathic approaches.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of OMT on labor duration when applied in tandem with standard obstetrical management in the inpatient setting.

Methods

This pilot prospective observational study was conducted from June 2017 through September 2017. All patients who received OMT as part of their labor management were included. These patients were matched with controls who did not receive OMT. The OMT protocol involved once-daily administration of suboccipital decompression, thoracic inlet release, rib raising, paraspinal inhibition, and sacral inhibition. Obstetrical decisions regarding labor management were made by 1 senior attending osteopathic obstetrician. Labor management as well as OMT was carried out by osteopathic obstetricians in the OMT group, whereas allopathic obstetricians carried out labor management in the control group.

Results

A total of 100 patients were enrolled. Fifty patients who underwent adjunctive OMT in addition to standard labor management were matched to controls who received standard labor management only. Each group was represented by an ethnically diverse population. The mean (SD) labor duration for patients receiving OMT was significantly shorter than the labor duration for controls (11.34 [6.62] hours [range, 1.1-27.0 hours] vs 16.57 [4.39] [range, 1.0-58.8 hours], respectively; P=.03). All other measures studied did not achieve statistical significance.

Conclusion

Pregnancy and labor present many musculoskeletal and neurovisceral challenges to obstetrical patients and, to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to present an effective, efficient, and feasible approach to intrapartum osteopathic obstetrical management in the inpatient setting to reduce labor duration.
GaN power devices: current status and future challenges
Authors: Ueda Tetsuzo
Published: May 2019

The status and challenges in the development of GaN power devices are reviewed. At present, normally-off gate injection transistors (GITs) on Si are commercially available. The updated structure known as a hybrid-drain-embedded GIT provides superior reliability that contributes to the stable operation of compact power switching systems with high efficiency. The fabricated vertical GaN transistor on GaN as a future challenge demonstrates extremely low specific on-state resistance and high breakdown voltage. Metal-insulator-semiconductor-gate GaN transistor is also a technical challenge for faster switching, since it would give greater freedom of gate driving as a result of both high threshold voltage and widened gate voltage swing. Normally-off operation free from hysteresis in the current–voltage characteristics is confirmed in a recessed-gate AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistor using AlON as a gate insulator. Fast switching characteristics are experimentally confirmed for both of the newly developed GaN devices, indicating their great potential for practical use.
Thinking/writing within and outside the IRB box
Authors: Slovin LJ , Semenec Paulina
Published: May 2019

Prompted by shared discussions about our doctoral research, this paper focuses on two tensions we identified when applying to our university’s Institutional Review Board (IRB). The first tension relates to our discomfort with the assumptions about research participants as articulated in the IRB application. We detail how one of us sought to work with/in but also outside of the constraints we discuss. The second tension takes us into a more experimental space. We write ‘outside’ of the IRB boxes as a form of critique, but also as a way to produce more affirmative ways of thinking about what else can be thought and done within university IRB structures. We focus in particular on the ways that “data” is contained within IRB boxes. We conclude by offering some additional questions that this process of thinking/writing together have generated.
Analysing the Interplay Between Institutional-Based and Workplace Learning
Authors: Arinaitwe Dinavence , Sannerud Arne Ronny
Published: May 2019

Learning and working are two significant social networks in preparing individuals for future life. An understanding of learning in the workplace can inform how we organize institutional learning in order to produce competent and relevant vocational education and training (VET) graduates for the world of work. This paper explores the existing collaborative activities in the masters in vocational pedagogy (MVP) study program at Kyambogo University in Uganda and their linkage with workplaces. Two research questions were posed. (1) What collaborative activities are there in the MVP program that allow for learning in vocational teacher training institutions (VTIs) and workplaces? 2) How is knowledge constructed amongst the participating actors? The questions were investigated through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with purposively sampled participants. An analysis of the documents from the MVP project, including program reports, collaborating stakeholders meeting minutes and students’ theses, was done. The findings revealed that field expeditions and action research (AR) projects were the key activities incorporated in the MVP program to support the back and forth learning from workplaces. Through interactions and sharing practices, these activities promoted learning by solving problems encountered at work and by doing real life tasks.
Genetic assessment of three Fagaceae species in forest restoration trials
Authors: Thongkumkoon Patcharawadee , Chomdej Siriwadee , Kampuansai Jatupol , Pradit Waranee , Waikham Pimubon , Elliott Stephen , Chairuangsri Sutthathorn , Shannon Dia Panitnard , Wangpakapattanawong Prasit , Liu Aizhong
Published: May 2019

Restoring isolated patches of forest ecosystems in degraded landscapes could potentially lead to genetic loss and inbreeding. Therefore, this study determined the occurrence of genetic diversity among the tree speciesCastanopsis tribuloides,C. calathiformis, andLithocarpus polystachyusall of which were proven previously to be effective native tree species in the restoration of upland evergreen forests in northern Thailand when using the seed sample collection method. We tested our hypothesis as to whether the genetic diversity of a plant population that had been planted from the seeds of 4–6 adult trees would be lower and whether incidences of fixation index (Fis) would be higher among the second generation seedlings of these three Fagaceae species in isolated forest restoration trial plots. Microsatellite primers were selected from the entire genome sequence ofC.tribuloidesand the genetic sequences ofC. tribuloides,L. polystachyus, andC. calathiformiswere analyzed. Our results indicated a high degree of genetic diversity (He) inC. tribuloides(0.736) andC.calathiformis(0.481); however, a low level of genetic diversity was observed inL.polystachyus(0.281) within the restored forest. The fixation index for the second generation ofL.polystachyusandC.calathiformisin the restored forest showed evidence of inbreeding. These results imply the efficiency of the seed sample collection method and verify that it does not reduce the level of genetic diversity inC.tribuloidesandC. calathiformis. However, it may result in incidences of an inbreeding phenomena, suggesting the need to increase the number of adult trees used at the seed collection stage.
Performance evaluation of deep neural ensembles toward malaria parasite detection in thin-blood smear images
Authors: Rajaraman Sivaramakrishnan , Jaeger Stefan , Antani Sameer K.
Published: May 2019

Background

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that infect the red blood cells (RBCs). Manual identification and counting of parasitized cells in microscopic thick/thin-film blood examination remains the common, but burdensome method for disease diagnosis. Its diagnostic accuracy is adversely impacted by inter/intra-observer variability, particularly in large-scale screening under resource-constrained settings.

Introduction

State-of-the-art computer-aided diagnostic tools based on data-driven deep learning algorithms like convolutional neural network (CNN) has become the architecture of choice for image recognition tasks. However, CNNs suffer from high variance and may overfit due to their sensitivity to training data fluctuations.

Objective

The primary aim of this study is to reduce model variance, improve robustness and generalization through constructing model ensembles toward detecting parasitized cells in thin-blood smear images.

Methods

We evaluate the performance of custom and pretrained CNNs and construct an optimal model ensemble toward the challenge of classifying parasitized and normal cells in thin-blood smear images. Cross-validation studies are performed at the patient level to ensure preventing data leakage into the validation and reduce generalization errors. The models are evaluated in terms of the following performance metrics: (a) Accuracy; (b) Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC); (c) Mean squared error (MSE); (d) Precision; (e) F-score; and (f) Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC).

Results

It is observed that the ensemble model constructed with VGG-19 and SqueezeNet outperformed the state-of-the-art in several performance metrics toward classifying the parasitized and uninfected cells to aid in improved disease screening.

Conclusions

Ensemble learning reduces the model variance by optimally combining the predictions of multiple models and decreases the sensitivity to the specifics of training data and selection of training algorithms. The performance of the model ensemble simulates real-world conditions with reduced variance, overfitting and leads to improved generalization.
Effect of Storage Conditions (Relative Humidity, Packaging Materials and Time) on the Chemical Properties of Maize-soy Flour Blend
Authors: Akpapunam S. O. , Ikya J. A. , Gernah D. I.
Published: May 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of storage conditions on the of maize-soy flour blend.

Study Design: Preliminary studies were conducted using ratio blends of 70:30, 75:25, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 95:5 and 100:0 of maize flour to soy flour. This was to ascertain the best blend formulation for the study. The sensory attributes showed that the ratio 85:15 of maize-soy flour blend was preferred. It was packaged in low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and stored at 30.5 ± 3°C with relative humidity of 57% and 82% for 4 months. Analysis of proximate composition, pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), thiobarbuturic acid (TBA) was carried out on the samples at a monthly interval respectively.

Results: Packaging significantly (p > 0.05) affected the chemical qualities of “soy-fermented maize” flour during storage. Moisture content, titratable acidity (TTA) and thiobarbuturic acid (TBA) increased with the storage period (9.46% - 23.5%, 0.12% - 0.21%, and 0.06 - 0.12 respectively) while all other chemical qualities of the soy-fermented maize flour decreased significantly (p > 0.05) (pH: 5.18 - 3.45, protein: 15.21% - 12.18% fat: 7.45% - 5.36%, fibre: 3.27% - 1.65%, ash: 1.12% - 0.89% and carbohydrate: 62.97%  -  56.87%.

Conclusion: The samples packaged in HDPE were more acceptable than those in other packaging materials due to its considerable maintenance of the flour’s quality during and after storage.
Body Weight and Platelet Count Changes in Zidovudine Administered Wistar Albino Rats Treated with Ethanolic Extracts of Annona muricata and Fagara zanthoxyloide
Authors: Uchechukwu Ekere, Oghenekaro , Evelyn Ikpeama, Utomoibor
Published: May 2019

Zidovudine administration either in single or fixed-dose combination usually results in a decrease in body weight and in some cases thrombocytopenia. The present study investigated the body weight and platelet count changes observed in zidovudine pre-administered Wistar albino rats on treatment with ethanolic extracts of the leaves Annona muricata (AM) and roots of Fagara zanthoxyloide (FZ). Plants samples were collected from Alakahia community, Rivers state and Opoo community, Ogun state; while Wistar albino rats were grouped into normal control, negative control (receiving zidovudine at 100 g/ml/Kg bw), AM and FZ extract treatment (at 4.5 and 3.8 g/ml/Kg B.W respectively) groups with analysis performed bi-weekly. All tests were performed using standard procedures with all reagents of analytic grade. Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed significantly high amounts of alkaloids (10.47- 21.15 mg / 100 g), phenols (10.60-15.22 mg / 100 g) and tannins (14.23 - 50.19 mg / 100 g). The investigation into their proximate compositions also showed high fat (5.78 ± 0.02) in FZ, moisture (10.47 ± 0.05) in AM and fibre (7.37 ± 0.03) in FZ. The amino acid phenylalanine (5.10-6.01 g / 100 g), isoleucine (4.44-5.20 g / 100 g), lysine (4.03 -5.31 g / 100 g) was observed to be available in the extracts. In the normal control group body weight increased by 20.75 g at week 6 while administration of Zidovudine, resulted in a decreased in bodyweight by 1.14 g in week 2 and 3.32 g in week 6. Extract treatment caused a significant increase (p≤0.05) in body weight by 17.95g (AM) and 18.23g (FZ) at week 6. Platelet count was also observed to significantly decrease (p≤0.05) by 33.42% in the negative control group when compared to the normal control. This was observed to significant increases in extract treatment by 49.56% (AM) and 51.32% (FZ). The results thus suggest a possible beneficial effect of the extracts of AM and FZ in checkmating the weight and platelet loss observed as a side effect of zidovudine therapy as well as the possible use in haemorrhagic conditions to reduce bleeding without thromboembolism.
Scientific Thinking
Authors: Howe Christine
Published: May 2019

Scientific thinking can be characterized as using established scientific knowledge when drawing inferences, for example, when planning, predicting, explaining, and arguing. At the same time, it can also be regarded as applying established methods of enquiry, for example, observing and experimenting in accordance with principles that the scientific community would endorse. This entry reviews developmental research relating to scientific thinking in both senses. It indicates that, while children use a rich array of concepts to interpret phenomena that are addressed in formal science, these concepts seldom coincide with established knowledge. Moreover, while the roots of scientific enquiry can be detected in very young children, full mastery of established methods is elusive.
Morrison celebrates 10 years as NASADAD executive director
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2019

This year, Robert I.L. Morrison will have been executive director of the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD) for 10 years (see NASADAD selects Morrison as Executive Director, ADAW, Dec. 14, 2009, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adaw.20213) — and 19 years overall at the agency (he was director of public policy before then).
Layered Double Hydroxides Are Promising Nanomaterials for Tissue Bioengineering Application
Authors: Jr. da Costa Fernandes Célio , Pinto Thaís Silva , Kang Ha Ram , de Magalhães Padilha Pedro , Koh Ivan Hong Jun , Constantino Vera Regina Leopoldo , Zambuzzi Willian F.
Published: May 2019

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for human health and although it has achieved some progress on this matter, their application within bioengineering is not fully addressed. This prompted to subject fibroblasts to two compositions of LDHs (Mg2Al‐Cl and Zn2Al‐Cl), considering an acute response. First, LDH particles are addressed by scanning electron microscopy, and no significant effect of the cell culture medium on the shape of LDHs particles is reported although it seems to adsorb some soluble proteins as proposed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. These LDHs release magnesium, zinc, and aluminum, but there is no cytotoxic or biocompatibility effects. The data show interference to fibroblast adhesion by driving the reorganization of actin‐based cytoskeleton, preliminarily to cell cycle progression. Additionally, these molecular findings are validated by performing a functional wound‐healing assay, which is accompanied by a dynamic extracellular matrix remodeling in response to the LDHs. Altogether, the results show that LDHs nanomaterials modulate cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration, delineating new advances on the biomaterial field applied in the context of soft tissue bioengineering, which must be explored in health disorders, such as wound healing in burn injuries.
Bright AIEgen–Protein Hybrid Nanocomposite for Deep and High‐Resolution In Vivo Two‐Photon Brain Imaging
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Hu Fang , Pan Yutong , Ng Lai Guan , Liu Bin
Published: May 2019

Two‐photon fluorescence imaging allows in vivo study of biological structures and activities in deep tissues, in which bright fluorophores with high photostability and good biocompatibility are highly desirable. Herein, a small‐molecule fluorogen with aggregation‐induced emission (AIEgen) is complexed with fetal bovine serum (FBS) proteins to develop a protein‐sized AIEgen–protein hybrid nanocomposite (TPEPy‐FBS) with bright far‐red/near‐infrared (NIR) emission, excellent photostability, and low phototoxicity for deep and high‐resolution in vivo two‐photon brain vasculature imaging. Upon complexation with FBS, the fluorescence of TPEPy is greatly intensified and a sixfold enhancement is observed with 10% FBS in aqueous media. The yielded TPEPy‐FBS shows good physical stability in aqueous media and the phototoxicity of TPEPy is dramatically inhibited after complexation with FBS. Moreover, TPEPy‐FBS exhibits bright two‐photon fluorescence in far‐red/NIR region and good photostability upon femtosecond laser excitation, which facilitates high performance in vivo imaging. A large imaging depth of 656 µm is obtained in brain vasculature network imaging with a high signal‐to‐background ratio of 234, where a small blood capillary of 1.05 µm can be resolved at an imaging depth of 656 µm. Highlighted is a simple and versatile strategy to develop efficient two‐photon probes for in vivo biological imaging.
RNA‐Binding Protein IGF2BP2/IMP2 is a Critical Maternal Activator in Early Zygotic Genome Activation
Authors: Liu Hong‐Bin , Muhammad Tahir , Guo Yueshuai , Li Meng‐Jing , Sha Qian‐Qian , Zhang Chuan‐Xin , Liu Hui , Zhao Shi‐Gang , Zhao Han , Zhang Hao , Du Yan‐Zhi , Sun Kang , Liu Kui , Lu Gang , Guo Xue‐Jiang , Sha Jiahao , Fan Heng‐Yu , Gao Fei , Chen Zi‐Jiang
Published: May 2019

A number of genes involved in zygotic genome activation (ZGA) have been identified, but the RNA‐binding maternal factors that are directly related to ZGA in mice remain unclear. The present study shows that maternal deletion of Igf  2bp2 (also commonly known as Imp2) in mouse embryos causes early embryonic developmental arrest in vitro at the 2‐cell‐stage. Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses of 2‐cell‐stage embryos in mice reveal that deletion of IMP2 downregulates the expression of Ccar1 and Rps14, both of which are required for early embryonic developmental competence. IGF2, a target of IMP2, when added in culture media, increases the proportion of wild‐type embryos that develop successfully to the blastocyst stage: from 29% in untreated controls to 65% (50 × 10−9 m IGF2). Furthermore, in an experiment related to embryo transfer, foster mothers receiving IGF2‐treated embryos deliver more pups per female than females who receive untreated control embryos. In clinically derived human oocytes, the addition of IGF2 to the culture media significantly enhances the proportion of embryos that develop successfully. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that IMP2 is essential for the regulation and activation of genes known to be involved in ZGA and reveal the potential embryonic development‐related utility of IGF2 for animal biotechnology and for assisted reproduction in humans.
Percolation Threshold Enables Optical Resistive‐Memory Switching and Light‐Tuneable Synaptic Learning in Segregated Nanocomposites
Authors: Jaafar Ayoub H. , O'Neill Mary , Kelly Stephen M. , Verrelli Emanuele , Kemp Neil T.
Published: May 2019

An optical memristor where the electrical resistance memory depends on the history of both the current flowing through the device and the irradiance of incident light onto it is demonstrated. It is based on a nanocomposite consisting of functionalized gold nanoparticles in an optically active azobenzene polymer matrix. The composite has an extremely low percolation threshold of 0.04% by volume for conductivity because of the aggregation of the conducting nanoparticles into filamentary nanochannels. Optical irradiation results in photomechanical switching through expansion of the thin film from above to below the percolation threshold, giving a large LOW/HIGH resistance ratio of 103. The device acts as an artificial synapse, the conductivity or plasticity of which can be independently modulated, either electrically or optically, to enable tunable and reconfigurable synaptic circuits for brain‐inspired artificial intelligent or visual memory arrays. The lifetime of the resistive‐memory states is also optically controllable, which enables spatial modulation of long‐ and short‐term memory.
Excellent Device Performance of Sub‐5‐nm Monolayer Tellurene Transistors
Authors: Yan Jiahuan , Pang Hua , Xu Lin , Yang Jie , Quhe Ruge , Zhang Xiuying , Pan Yuanyuan , Shi Bowen , Liu Shiqi , Xu Lianqiang , Yang Jinbo , Pan Feng , Zhang Zhiyong , Lu Jing
Published: May 2019

The merging 2D semiconductor tellurene (2D Group‐VI tellurium) is a possible channel candidate for post‐silicon field‐effect transistor (FETs) due to its high carrier mobility, high drive current, and excellent air stability. The performance limits of sub‐5‐nm ML tellurene metal‐oxide‐semiconductor FETs (MOSFETs) are explored by employing exact ab initio quantum transport simulations. An optimized p‐type ML tellurene MOSFET meets both the high performance (along both the armchair and the zigzag directions) and the low power (along the armchair direction) requirements of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) at a gate length of 4 nm with a negative capacity dielectric. Hence, choosing ML tellurene as the channel material provides a novel route to continue the Moore's law to 4 nm.
The effects of bimetallic interactions for CO2‐assisted oxidative dehydrogenation and dry reforming of propane
Authors: Gomez Elaine , Xie Zhenhua , Chen Jingguang G.
Published: May 2019

The catalytic reduction of CO2 by propane may occur via dry reforming to produce syngas (CO + H2) or oxidative dehydrogenation to yield propylene. Utilizing propane and CO2 as coreactants presents several advantages over conventional methane dry reforming or direct propane dehydrogenation, including lower operating temperatures and less coke formation. Thus, it is of great interest to identify catalytic systems that can either effectively break the CC bond to generate syngas or selectively break CH bonds to produce propylene. In this study, several precious and nonprecious bimetallic catalysts supported on reducible CeO2 were investigated using flow reactor studies at 823 K to identify selective catalysts for CO2‐assisted reforming and dehydrogenation of propane.
POGZ‐related epilepsy: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ferretti Alessandro , Barresi Sabina , Trivisano Marina , Ciolfi Andrea , Dentici Maria L. , Radio Francesca C. , Vigevano Federico , Tartaglia Marco , Specchio Nicola
Published: May 2019

POGZ (# 614787) encodes a multidomain nuclear protein involved in transcriptional regulation and its defective function has been recently associated with a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder, known as White‐Sutton syndrome (# 616364). While originally epileptic seizures were unreported, it seems that epilepsy represents a recurrent feature in affected subjects. Few data, however, are available on electroclinical features of POGZ‐related epilepsy. We report a 5‐year‐old girl with a de novo inactivating POGZ mutation with a complex neurological phenotype characterized by hypotonia, severe developmental delay, and paroxysmal epileptic and nonepileptic events. Comparing this patient with the previously reported nine cases exhibiting epilepsy as associated feature, we detected that epilepsy onset is mostly during infancy (1–4 years of age), with both focal and generalized seizures. EEGs reveal that epileptic abnormalities mainly are localized in the frontal regions, and seizure control might be reached with one or multiple antiepileptic drugs. Besides dysmorphic features and other comorbidities (microcephaly, intellectual disability, absent speech, sensorineural hearing loss, and autistic spectrum disorder) major brain MR features include cortical and cerebellar atrophy, delayed myelination, and brainstem hypoplasia. Although the small number of patients reported, we were able to delineate primary electroclinical epileptic phenotype related to POGZ mutations. This would be crucial for an early identification and management of the condition.
Pathogenic homozygous variations in ACTL6B cause DECAM syndrome: Developmental delay, Epileptic encephalopathy, Cerebral Atrophy, and abnormal Myelination
Authors: Yüksel Zafer , Yazol Merve , Gümüş Evren
Published: May 2019

The extensive usage of next generation sequencing, particularly for the patients affected with neurodevelopmental disorders, has increased our understanding and enabled identifying novel disorder genes. Here, we report an extended consanguineous family having at least three affected children with ACTL6B‐related neurodevelopmental disorder and expand the known phenotypic spectrum by characterizing the clinical findings using a standardized vocabulary, Human Phenotype Ontology Terms.
An analysis of body proportions in children with CHARGE syndrome using photogrammetric anthropometry
Authors: Penders Bas , Dijk Dieuwerke R. , Bocca Gianni , Zimmermann Luc J. I. , van Ravenswaaij‐Arts Conny M. A. , Gerver Willem‐Jan M.
Published: May 2019

Background

Growth retardation is one of the main hallmarks of CHARGE syndrome (CS), yet little is known about the body proportions of these children. Knowledge of body proportions in CS may contribute to a better characterization of this syndrome. This knowledge is important when considering starting growth‐stimulating therapy.

Methods

For this cross‐sectional study, we selected 32 children with CS and a CHD7 mutation at the Dutch CHARGE Family Day in 2016 or 2017 and the International CHARGE conference in Orlando, Florida, in 2017. We used photogrammetric anthropometry—a measurement method based on digital photographs—to determine various body proportions. We compared these to measurements in 21 normally proportioned children with growth hormone deficiency, using independent‐samples t test, Mann–Whitney U test, or chi‐square test as appropriate.

Results

Children with CS appear to have a shorter trunk in proportion to their height, head length, and arm length. Children with CS also had smaller feet proportional to tibia length compared to controls. The change of body proportions with age was similar in children with CS and controls.

Conclusion

Body proportions in children with CS are significantly different from those of normally proportioned controls, but a similar change of body proportions with age was noted for both groups.
Metal‐Free Oxidative Amidation of Aromatic Aldehydes using an Anthraquinone‐Based Organophotocatalyst
Authors: Inagawa Hisamori , Uchida Seiichiro , Yamaguchi Eiji , Itoh Akichika
Published: May 2019

An approach developed for the direct oxidative amidation of aldehydes with amines is described. This methodology is based on the use of an organic photocatalyst (anthraquinone), molecular oxygen, acting as the sole oxidant, and visible light irradiated by a fluorescent lamp. The photo‐oxidative amidation reaction shows broad functional group tolerance.
Experience using a portable X‐ray system at the scene transported by a physician‐staffed helicopter
Authors: Omori Kazuhiko , Yanagawa Youichi , Muramatsu Ken‐ichi , Nagasawa Hiroki , Takeuchi Ikuto , Madokoro Shunsuke , Jitsuiki Kei , Yatsu Shoichiro , Ohsaka Hiromichi , Ishikawa Kouhei
Published: May 2019

Background

Fujifilm (Tokyo, Japan) developed a portable X‐ray system called the CALNEO Xair, which can be carried by a physician. The X‐ray radiation machine weighs 3.5 kg. The dimensions are: height, 144 mm; length, 148 mm; width, 258 mm.

Case Presentation

When a 33‐year‐old woman driving a car made a right turn at a crossroad, her car hit another car, causing her vehicle to tip onto its side. Staff of the doctor helicopter checked her at the scene, and the findings of chest and pelvic X‐ray were all negative. She received a diagnosis of cervical sprain and pelvic contusion and was transferred to a local hospital by ambulance.

Conclusion

This is the first report of a case evaluated by a portable X‐ray system at the scene, under transportation by a doctor helicopter. This system could be useful for undertaking prehospital assessment and medical treatment.
Dual complex of amylose with iodine and magnetite nano‐crystallites: Enhanced superparamagnetic and catalytic performance for synthesis of spiro‐oxindoles
Authors: Roudsari Saeedeh Toorchi , Rad‐Moghadam Kurosh , Hosseinjani‐Pirdehi Hamide
Published: May 2019

Mass magnetization of magnetite nanoparticles was enhanced by disassembling and encapsulating their building nano‐crystallites with water‐soluble starch. Incorporation of iodine into the as‐prepared nano‐conglomerate led to formation of a ternary nano‐complex and further enhancement of its superparamagnetic susceptibility. As an additional evidence for the anomalously heightened superparamagnetic property, the ternary nano‐complex showed lower magnetic remanence and coercivity than the pristine magnetite it was made from. These findings were ascribed to significant changes in, at least, size of the magnetite nano‐crystallites during formation of the nano‐composite. A significant enhancement was also observed in the catalytic efficiency of the nano‐composite, as was successfully exemplified in the synthesis of some novel spiro[oxindole‐dihydropyridine]s via a three‐component reaction between isatins, furan‐2,4(3H,5H)‐dione and aminouracils ‘on water’.