bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon Material and Cobalt-Substitution Effects in the Electrochemical Behavior of LaMnO3 for ORR and OER
Authors: Flores-Lasluisa Jhony X. , Huerta Francisco , Cazorla-Amorós Diego , Morallon Emilia
Published: November 2020

LaMn1−xCoxO3 perovskites were synthesized by a modified sol-gel method which incorporates EDTA. These materials’ electrochemical activity towards both oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER) was studied. The cobalt substitution level determines some physicochemical properties and, particularly, the surface concentration of Co and Mn’s different oxidation states. As a result, the electroactivity of perovskite materials can be tuned using their composition. The presence of cobalt at low concentration influences the catalytic activity positively, and better bifunctionality is attained. As in other perovskites, their low electrical conductivity limits their applicability in electrochemical devices. It was found that the electrochemical performance improved significantly by physically mixing with a mortar the active materials with two different carbon black materials. The existence of a synergistic effect between the electroactive component and the carbon material was interpreted in light of the strong carbon–oxygen–metal interaction. Some mixed samples are promising electrocatalysts towards both ORR and OER.
Complementary Feeding in the Preterm Infants: Summary of Available Macronutrient Intakes and Requirements
Authors: Salvatori Guglielmo , Martini Ludovica ,   the Study Group on Neonatal Nutrition and Gastroenterology—Italian Society of Neonatology
Published: November 2020

Limited data are available regarding the nutritional needs for preterm infants. In most cases, guidelines refer to the acquisition of neuromotor skills, adequate weight and corrected chronological age. While waiting for the establishment of specific nutritional indications for premature infants we proposed the weaning recommendations for term infants of the Italian Society of Human Nutrition with LARNs (Reference intake Levels of Nutrients and energy for the Italian population) of 2014, the Dietary Reference Values for nutrients of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) of 2017 and the Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand Including Recommended Dietary Intakes of 2017.
A Paradox in Bacterial Pathogenesis: Activation of the Local Macrophage Inflammasome Is Required for Virulence of Streptococcus uberis
Authors: Archer Nathan , Egan Sharon A. , Coffey Tracey J. , Emes Richard D. , Addis M. Filippa , Ward Philip N. , Blanchard Adam M. , Leigh James A.
Published: November 2020

Streptococcus uberis is a common cause of intramammary infection and mastitis in dairy cattle. Unlike other mammary pathogens, S. uberis evades detection by mammary epithelial cells, and the host–pathogen interactions during early colonisation are poorly understood. Intramammary challenge of dairy cows with S. uberis (strain 0140J) or isogenic mutants lacking the surface-anchored serine protease, SUB1154, demonstrated that virulence was dependent on the presence and correct location of this protein. Unlike the wild-type strain, the mutant lacking SUB1154 failed to elicit IL-1β from ex vivo CD14+ cells obtained from milk (bovine mammary macrophages, BMM), but this response was reinstated by complementation with recombinant SUB1154; the protein in isolation elicited no response. Production of IL-1β was ablated in the presence of various inhibitors, indicating dependency on internalisation and activation of NLRP3 and caspase-1, consistent with inflammasome activation. Similar transcriptomic changes were detected in ex vivo BMM in response to the wild-type or the SUB1154 deletion mutant, consistent with S. uberis priming BMM, enabling the SUB1154 protein to activate inflammasome maturation in a transcriptionally independent manner. These data can be reconciled in a novel model of pathogenesis in which, paradoxically, early colonisation is dependent on the innate response to the initial infection.
More than Garden Variety: Massive Vegetations from Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Radcliffe Christopher , Oen-Hsiao Joyce , Grant Matthew
Published: November 2020

Infective endocarditis classically involves non-sterile vegetations on valvular surfaces in the heart. Feared complications include embolization and acute heart failure. Surgical intervention achieves source control and alleviates valvular regurgitation in complicated cases. Vegetations >1 cm are often intervened upon, making massive vegetations uncommon in modern practice. We report the case of a 39-year-old female with history of intravenous drug abuse who presented with a serpiginous vegetation on the native tricuspid valve and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. The vegetation grew to 5.6 cm by hospital day two, and she successfully underwent a tricuspid valvectomy. Six weeks of intravenous vancomycin therapy were completed without adverse events. To better characterize other dramatic presentations of infective endocarditis, we performed a systematic literature review and summarized all case reports involving ≥4 cm vegetations.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Expressing Antigen-85B Epitopes in Infected J774A.1 Murine Macrophages
Authors: Kadir Nur-Ayuni , Acosta Armando , Sarmiento Maria E. , Norazmi Mohd-Nor
Published: November 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) causes more than 1.5 million deaths each year, remaining a significant global health problem. Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) share features, which support the use of the former use in new generation TB vaccine development. In a previous study, the specific humoral and cellular immunogenicity of a recombinant M. smegmatis strain expressing epitopes from M. tuberculosis Ag85B protein (rMs064), was demonstrated in mice. In the current study, the immunomodulatory capacity of rMs064 was determined in a J774A.1 murine macrophage cell line. To determine the immunomodulatory effect of rMs064 in J774A.1 macrophages, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and production of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated. The expression of activation surface markers (MHC-II, CD40, CD80 and CD86) and the production of cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12p70 and IL-6) was also determined in rMs064 infected J774A.1 macrophages. Our findings showed the ability of rMs064 to induce substantial increases in macrophage activation markers expression; MHC class II and CD40, compared with M. smegmatis transformed with the empty vector (rMs012) and uninfected cells. rMs064 induced significant increases in IL-12p70 compared to uninfected cells. The expression of iNOS and CD86, and the production of IL-1β, and TNF-α were increased in rMs064 and rMs012, compared to uninfected cells. rMs064 demonstrated its immunomodulatory ability by stimulating the innate immune response, which supports its further evaluation as a TB vaccine candidate.
Gut Symbiotic Microbial Communities in the IUCN Critically Endangered Pinna nobilis Suffering from Mass Mortalities, Revealed by 16S rRNA Amplicon NGS
Authors: Lattos Athanasios , Giantsis Ioannis A. , Karagiannis Dimitrios , Theodorou John A. , Michaelidis Basile
Published: November 2020

Mass mortality events due to disease outbreaks have recently affected almost every healthy population of fan mussel, Pinna nobilis in Mediterranean Sea. The devastating mortality of the species has turned the interest of the research towards the causes of these events. After the haplosporidan infestation and the infection by Mycobacterium sp., new emerging pathogens have arisen based on the latest research. In the present study, a metagenomic approach of 16S rRNA next generation sequencing (NGS) was applied in order to assess the bacterial diversity within the digestive gland of diseased individuals as well as to carry out geographical correlations among the biodiversity of microbiome in the endangered species Pinna nobilis. The specimens originated from the mortalities occurred in 2019 in the region of Greece. Together with other bacterial genera, the results confirmed the presence of Vibrio spp., assuming synergistic effects in the mortality events of the species. Alongside with the presence of Vibrio spp., numerous bacterial genera were detected as well, including Aliivibrio spp., Photobacterium spp., Pseudoalteromonas spp., Psychrilyobacter spp. and Mycoplasma spp. Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma were in high abundance particularly in the sample originated from Limnos island representing the first time recorded in Pinna nobilis. In conclusion, apart from exclusively the Haplosporidan and the Mycobacterium parasites, the presence of potentially pathogenic bacterial taxa detected, such as Vibrio spp., Photobactrium spp. and Alivibrio spp. lead us to assume that mortality events in the endangered Fan mussel, Pinna nobilis, may be attributed to synergistic effects of more pathogens.
A Case of Persistent Diarrhea in a Man with the Molecular Detection of Various Campylobacter species and the First Isolation of candidatus Campylobacter infans
Authors: Flipse Jacky , Duim Birgitta , Wallinga Janny A. , de Wijkerslooth Laetitia R. H. , Graaf-van Bloois Linda van der , Timmerman Arjen J. , Zomer Aldert L. , Veldman Kees T. , Wagenaar Jaap A. , Bloembergen Peter
Published: November 2020

A man with a well-controlled HIV infection, previously diagnosed with lymphogranuloma venereum and treated for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, was suffering from chronic diarrhea. He travelled to Indonesia in the month prior to the start of complaints. Over a 15-month period, sequences related to Campylobactertroglodytis/upsaliensis, C. pinnepediorum/mucosalis/concisus and C. hominis were detected by 16S rRNA qPCR-based assays in various stool samples and in a colon biopsy. Culture revealed the first isolation of “candidatus Campylobacter infans”, a species identified recently by molecular methods only. The patient was treated with azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. To identify potential continuous exposure of the patient to Campylobacter, stool samples of the partner and the cat of the patient were analyzed and C. pinnepediorum/mucosalis/concisus and C. helveticus, respectively, were detected. The diversity in detected species in this immunocompromised patient with a lack of repeatedly consistent findings resulted in the conclusion that not any of the Campylobacter species was the primary cause of the clinical condition. This study shows the challenges in detection and interpretation of diagnostic results regarding Campylobacter.
Effect of Toxoplasma gondii on Ram Sperm Quality after Experimental Infection
Authors: Fais Theofanis , Giadinis Nektarios , Papadopoulos Elias , Brellou Georgia , Theodoridis Alexandros , Blaga Radu , Roux Delphine Le , Bitchava Dimitra , Ntemka Aikaterini , Boscos Constantin , Tsakmakidis Ioannis
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection on ram sperm quality. Five months old, pre-pubertal, rams were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group). Group A was the control group; the remaining animals received per os (p.o.) 5000 oocysts per ram. Group B did not receive treatment post-infection (p.i.). Group C received sulphadimidine (intermuscular injection (i.m.) 33 mg/kg for eight days; every 48 h) two months p.i. and Group D received the same drug twice (24 h p.i. and two months later). Blood samples were collected every 15 days to detect serum immunoglobulin G (IgG). Epididymal sperm samples were analyzed for concentration, kinetics, morphology/viability, functional membrane integrity, DNA integrity, and the presence of parasite DNA. Histopathological examination was performed on the testes. The IgG titres in infected groups raised two weeks p.i. and remained high for four months. Higher values were noticed in viability and functional membrane integrity in positive spermatozoa in the control group compared to other groups, level of significance p < 0.05. Abnormal sperm was higher in groups C and D vs. A and C vs. B (p < 0.05). T. gondii DNA was detected in three sperm samples of the infected rams (12.5%). Histopathology revealed similar findings with little variation among all infected groups, characterized mostly by increased interstitial connective tissue, non-purulent inflammation, and presence of seminiferous tubules with spermatogenic cell depletion, which increased gradually from D to C and B groups. In conclusion Toxoplasmosis in pre-pubertal age negatively affected mature ram sperm quality, while sulphadimidine administration failed to alter this.
Evidence of Exposure to USUV and WNV in Zoo Animals in France
Authors: Constant Orianne , Bollore Karine , Clé Marion , Barthelemy Jonathan , Foulongne Vincent , Chenet Baptiste , Gomis David , Virolle Laurie , Gutierrez Serafin , Desmetz Caroline , Moares Rayane Amaral , Beck Cécile , Lecollinet Sylvie , Salinas Sara , Simonin Yannick
Published: November 2020

West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are zoonotic arboviruses. These flaviviruses are mainly maintained in the environment through an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds. Horses and humans are incidental, dead-end hosts, but can develop severe neurological disorders. Nevertheless, there is little data regarding the involvement of other mammals in the epidemiology of these arboviruses. In this study, we performed a serosurvey to assess exposure to these viruses in captive birds and mammals in a zoo situated in the south of France, an area described for the circulation of these two viruses. A total of 411 samples comprising of 70 species were collected over 16 years from 2003 to 2019. The samples were first tested by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The positive sera were then tested using virus-specific microneutralization tests against USUV and WNV. USUV seroprevalence in birds was 10 times higher than that of WNV (14.59% versus 1.46%, respectively). Among birds, greater rhea (Rhea Americana) and common peafowl (Pavo cristatus) exhibited the highest USUV seroprevalence. Infections occurred mainly between 2016–2018 corresponding to a period of high circulation of these viruses in Europe. In mammalian species, antibodies against WNV were detected in one dama gazelle (Nanger dama) whereas serological evidence of USUV infection was observed in several Canidae, especially in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). Our study helps to better understand the exposure of captive species to WNV and USUV and to identify potential host species to include in surveillance programs in zoos.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: Triggering a Lethal Fight to Keep Control of the Ten-Eleven Translocase (TET)-Associated DNA Demethylation?
Authors: Kouidou Sofia , Malousi Andigoni , Andreou Alexandra-Zoi
Published: November 2020

The extended and diverse interference of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in multiple host functions and the diverse associated symptoms implicate its involvement in fundamental cellular regulatory processes. The activity of ten-eleven translocase 2 (TET2) responsible for selective DNA demethylation, has been recently identified as a regulator of endogenous virus inactivation and viral invasion, possibly by proteasomal deregulation of the TET2/TET3 activities. In a recent report, we presented a detailed list of factors that can be affected by TET activity, including recognition of zinc finger protein binding sites and bimodal promoters, by enhancing the flexibility of adjacent sequences. In this review, we summarize the TET-associated processes and factors that could account for SARS-CoV-2 diverse symptoms. Moreover, we provide a correlation for the observed virus-induced symptoms that have been previously associated with TET activities by in vitro and in vitro studies. These include early hypoxia, neuronal regulation, smell and taste development, liver, intestinal, and cardiomyocyte differentiation. Finally, we propose that the high mortality of SARS-CoV-2 among adult patients, the different clinical symptoms of adults compared to children, the higher risk of patients with metabolic deregulation, and the low mortality rates among women can all be accounted for by the complex balance of the three enzymes with TET activity, which is developmentally regulated. This activity is age-dependent, related to telomere homeostasis and integrity, and associated with X chromosome inactivation via (de)regulation of the responsible XIST gene expression.
Scattering of Lower Hybrid Waves in a Magnetized Plasma
Authors: Tirozzi Brunello
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the Maxwell equations for the electric field in a cold magnetized plasma in the half-space of x≥0 cm are solved. The boundary conditions for the electric field include a pointwise source at the plane x=0 cm, the derivatives of the electric field that are zero statV/cm2 at x=0 cm, and the field with all its derivatives that are zero at infinity. The solution is explored in terms of the Laplace transform in x and the Fourier transform in y-z directions. The expressions of the field components are obtained by the inverse Laplace transform and the inverse Fourier transform. The saddle-point technique and power expansion have been used for evaluating the inverse Fourier transform. The model represents the propagation of a lower hybrid wave generated by a pointwise antenna located at the boundary of the plasma. Here, the antenna is the boundary condition. The validation of the model is performed assuming that the electric field component Ey=0 statV/cm and by comparing it with the model of electromagnetic waves generated by a local small antenna located near the boundary of a tokamak, and an experiment is suggested.
Performance-Enhanced Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on the Double-Layered Electrode Effect
Authors: Jo Seungju , Kim Inkyum , Jayababu Nagabandi , Kim Daewon
Published: November 2020

Recently, studies on enhancing the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) by forming nanostructures at the contacting interface have been actively reported. In this study, a double-layered bottom electrode TENG (DE-TENG) was successfully fabricated using a metal deposition layer after the water-assisted oxidation (WAO) process. As previously reported, the WAO process for the enhancement of electrical performance increases the effective contact area with an inherent surface oxidation layer (Al2O3). As a new approach for modifying deficiencies in the WAO process, a metal deposition onto the oxidation layer was successfully developed with increased device output performance by restoring the surface conductivity. The proposed metal–dielectric–metal sandwich-structured DE-TENG generated approximately twice the electrical output generated by the WAO process alone (WAO-TENG). This dramatically improved electrical output was proven by a theoretical demonstration based on a double capacitance structure. In addition, the double capacitance structure was confirmed with the aid of a field emission scanning electron microscope. The optimal point at which the DE-TENG generates the highest electrical outputs was observed at a specific Cu layer sputtering time. The exceptional durability of the DE-TENG was proved by the 1 h endurance test under various relative humidity conditions. The potential of a self-powered force sensor using this DE-TENG is demonstrated, having a comparably high sensitivity of 0.82 V/N. Considering its structure, increased electrical energy, easy fabrication, and its durability, this novel DE-TENG is a promising candidate for the self-powered energy harvesting technology in our near future.
Donor-Acceptor Polymer Based on Planar Structure of Alkylidene-Fluorene Derivative: Correlation of Power Conversion Efficiency among Polymer and Various Acceptor Units
Authors: Lee Eui Jin , Song Ho Jun
Published: November 2020

This study synthesized a novel polymer, poly(alkylidene fluorene-alt-diphenylquinoxaline) (PAFDQ), based on a planar alkylidene-fluorene and a highly soluble quinoxaline derivative through the Suzuki coupling reaction. We designed a novel molecular structure based on alkylidene fluorene and quinoxaline derivatives due to compact packing property by the planar structure of alkyidene fluorene and efficient intra-molecular charge transfer by quinoxaline derivatives. The polymer was largely dissolved in organic solvents, with a number average molecular weight and polydispersity index of 13.2 kg/mol and 2.74, respectively. PAFDQ showed higher thermal stability compared with the general fluorene structure owing to its rigid alkylidene-fluorene structure. The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of PAFDQ were −5.37 eV and −3.42 eV, respectively. According to X-ray diffraction measurements, PAFDQ exhibited the formation of an ordered lamellar structure and conventional edge-on π-stacking. The device based on PAFDQ/Y6-BO-4Cl showed the best performance in terms of short circuit current (9.86 mA/cm2), open-circuit voltage (0.76 V), fill factor (44.23%), and power conversion efficiency (3.32%). Moreover, in the PAFDQ/Y6-BO-4Cl-based film, the phase separation of donor-rich and acceptor-rich phases, and the connected dark domains, was observed.
Water-Soluble Carbon Quantum Dots Modified by Amino Groups for Polarization Fluorescence Detection of Copper (II) Ion in Aqueous Media
Authors: Yakusheva Anastasia , Muratov Dmitry S. , Arkhipov Dmitry , Karunakaran Gopalu , Eremin Sergei A. , Kuznetsov Denis
Published: November 2020

Industrialization is serious for changing the environment and natural water composition, especially near cities and manufacturing areas. Logically, the new ultrasensitive technology for precise control of the quality and quantity of water sources is needed. Herein, an innovative method of polarization fluorescence analysis (FPA) was developed to measure the concentration of heavy metals in water. The approach was successfully applied for precise tests with reduced analysis time and increased measurement efficiency among laboratory methods. Based on this work, the investigations established the new type of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with controllable fluorescence properties and functionalized amino—groups, which is appropriate for FPA. The parameters of one and two-step microwave synthesis routes are adjusted wavelength and fluorescence intensity of CQDs. Finally, under optimized conditions, the FPA is showed the detection of copper (2+) cations in water samples below European Union standard (2 mg/L). Moreover, in comparison with fluorescence quenching, polarization fluorescence is proved as a convenient, simple, and rapid test method for effective water safety analysis.
Sufi Islamic Discourse in Africa: From the Greatest Jihad to the Establishment of the African Caliphate
Authors: Hassan Hamdy A.
Published: November 2020

In the nineteenth century, African Muslim societies were marked by the emergence of a reformist Sufi Islamic discourse aimed at changing and moving away from traditional Islamic practices. Although this discourse was influenced, to some extent, by external sources of inspiration, it was linked to the local African context. This study demonstrates that the reformist discourse of major Sufi figures such as Sheikh Amadu Bamba in Senegal and Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio in Nigeria reflects a number of common features of Islamic reform in Africa, yet their reform programs were shaped by the conditions of the local context. This research contribution aims to understand the actual role that the discourse of Sufi spirituality played—and still does—in the religious, economic, and political life of Muslim societies in Africa. This study has shown that despite the prevailing belief that Sufi discourse does not tend to politicize as it tries to maintain a safe distance away from matters of politics and governance in order to achieve its message of moral and spiritual purity, it may turn into violent radicalism as embodied by the jihadist Sufi experience in West Africa.
The Effect of Traditional and Stabilization-Oriented Exercises on Deep Stabilization System Function in Elite Futsal Players
Authors: Jebavy Radim , Baláš Jiří , Vomackova Helena , Szarzec Jakub , Stastny Petr
Published: November 2020

Background: This study aimed to compare the effect of traditional and stability-oriented strength exercises on trunk stability and deep stabilization system (DSS) activation in elite futsal players. Methods: Twenty elite futsal players (21–34 years, 180 ± 13 cm, 79 ± 15 kg) were randomly divided into a group that performed stability-oriented exercises and a group that performed traditional strength exercises. Both interventions lasted for 10 weeks and included 25 strength training sessions. Main outcome measures: The DSS pretest and posttest included the diaphragm test, trunk flexion test, back extension test, hip flexion test, intraabdominal pressure test, and a side plank test on a 1–5 point scale. Results: Both groups had similar initial test results, where the stability-oriented exercise group had significantly improved intraabdominal pressure test (p = 0.004, by lower quartile rate), trunk flexion (p = 0.036, by 0.5 grade in median), and side plank (p = 0.002, by 1 grade in median) in posttest results. Traditional exercise did not change the results of any of the included DSS function tests. Conclusions: Stabilization-oriented exercises effectively activate the functions of the DSS and should be prioritized over traditional strength exercises in injury prevention training programs. The use of stabilization-oriented exercises might prevent injury and overloading in elite futsal players.
Predicting Maximal Oxygen Uptake Using the 3-Minute All-Out Test in High-Intensity Functional Training Athletes
Authors: Dexheimer Joshua D. , Brinson Shane J. , Pettitt Robert W. , Schroeder E. Todd , Sawyer Brandon J. , Jo Edward
Published: November 2020

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and critical speed (CS) are key fatigue-related measurements that demonstrate a relationship to one another and are indicative of athletic endurance performance. This is especially true for those that participate in competitive fitness events. However, the accessibility to a metabolic analyzer to accurately measure VO2max is expensive and time intensive, whereas CS may be measured in the field using a 3 min all-out test (3MT). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between VO2max and CS in high-intensity functional training (HIFT) athletes. Twenty-five male and female (age: 27.6 ± 4.5 years; height: 174.5 ± 18.3 cm; weight: 77.4 ± 14.8 kg; body fat: 15.7 ± 6.5%) HIFT athletes performed a 3MT as well as a graded exercise test with 48 h between measurements. True VO2max was determined using a square-wave supramaximal verification phase and CS was measured as the average speed of the last 30 s of the 3MT. A statistically significant and positive correlation was observed between relative VO2max and CS values (r = 0.819, p < 0.001). Based on the significant correlation, a linear regression analysis was completed, including sex, in order to develop a VO2max prediction equation (VO2max (mL/kg/min) = 8.449(CS) + 4.387(F = 0, M = 1) + 14.683; standard error of the estimate = 3.34 mL/kg/min). Observed (47.71 ± 6.54 mL/kg/min) and predicted (47.71 ± 5.7 mL/kg/min) VO2max values were compared using a dependent t-test and no significant difference was displayed between the observed and predicted values (p = 1.000). The typical error, coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation coefficient were 2.26 mL/kg/min, 4.90%, and 0.864, respectively. The positive and significant relationship between VO2max and CS suggests that the 3MT may be a practical alternative to predicting maximal oxygen uptake when time and access to a metabolic analyzer is limited.
Post-Editorial of the Special Issue “Wormholes in Space-Time: Theory and Facts”
Authors: Lobo Francisco S. N. , Olmo Gonzalo J. , Rubiera-Garcia Diego
Published: November 2020

Wormholes made their first appearance in gravitational physics as soon as in 1916 but, as with their black hole cousins, it took a long time and effort for their true nature to be properly understood [...]
Use of Essential Oils in Veterinary Medicine to Combat Bacterial and Fungal Infections
Authors: Ebani Valentina Virginia , Mancianti Francesca
Published: November 2020

Essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites of plants employed in folk medicine for a long time thanks to their multiple properties. In the last years, their use has been introduced in veterinary medicine, too. The study of the antibacterial properties of EOs is of increasing interest, because therapies with alternative drugs are welcome to combat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains. Other issues could be resolved by EOs employment, such as the presence of antibiotic residues in food of animal origin and in environment. Although the in vitro antimicrobial activity of EOs has been frequently demonstrated in studies carried out on bacterial and fungal strains of different origins, there is a lack of information about their effectiveness in treating infections in animals. The scientific literature reports some studies about in vitro EOs’ activity against animal clinical bacterial and fungal isolates, but in vivo studies are very scanty. The use of EOs in therapy of companion and farm animals should follow careful studies on the toxicity of these natural products in relation to animal species and route of administration. Moreover, considering the different behavior of EOs in relation to both species and strain pathogen, before starting a therapy, an aromatogram should be executed to choose the oil with the best antimicrobial activity.
Prostate-specific antigen testing and opportunistic prostate cancer screening: a cohort study in England, 1998–2017
Authors: Clift Ashley Kieran , Coupland Carol AC , Hippisley-Cox Julia
Published: November 2020

Background

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer- related death. Interpreting the results from trials of screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is complex in terms of defining optimal prostate cancer screening policy.

Aim

To assess the rates of, and factors associated with, the uptake of PSA testing and opportunistic screening (that is, a PSA test in the absence of any symptoms) in England between 1998 and 2017, and to estimate the likely rates of pre-randomisation screening and contamination (that is, unscheduled screening in the ‘control’ arm) of the UK-based Cluster Randomised Trial of PSA Testing for Prostate Cancer (CAP).

Design and setting

Open cohort study of men in England aged 40–75 years at cohort entry (1998–2017), undertaken using the QResearch database.

Method

Eligible men were followed for up to 19 years. Rates of PSA testing and opportunistic PSA screening were calculated; Cox regression was used to estimate associations.

Results

The cohort comprised 2 808 477 men, of whom 631 426 had a total of 1 720 855 PSA tests. The authors identified that 410 724 men had opportunistic PSA screening. Cumulative proportions of uptake of opportunistic screening in the cohort were 9.96% at 5 years’, 22.71% at 10 years’, and 44.13% at 19 years’ follow-up. The potential rate of contamination in the CAP control arm was estimated at 24.50%.

Conclusion

A substantial number of men in England opt in to opportunistic prostate cancer screening, despite uncertainty regarding its efficacy and harms. The rate of opportunistic prostate cancer screening in the population is likely to have contaminated the CAP trial, making it difficult to interpret the results.
O ensino de Filosofia para crianças
Authors: Barros Joana Darc do Nascimento , Macedo Sheyla Maria Fontenele
Published: November 2020

Investigar sobre a Filosofia já é um desafio, especialmente quando deslocamos as discussões para a esfera da infância, nos deparamos com um território árido. Nosso objetivo é o de identificar os sentidos, significados e possibilidades do ensino de Filosofia para crianças. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, caráter bibliográfico e de campo. No campo cinco professoras foram entrevistadas, e assinalaram rotas para a práxis deste ensino. O texto foi organizado em duas sessões: a) Reflexões sobre os sentidos e significados do ensino de Filosofia na infância e o método de Matthew Lipman; b) As possibilidades deste ensino nas séries iniciais do Fundamental. Registramos o caráter original da investigação, e como resultado, revelamos que são inúmeras as possibilidades da implementação da Filosofia para crianças desde a mais tenra idade.
Africanias nas canções de Aloysio de Alencar Pinto
Authors: Medeiros Pereira Marcus Vinícius , Rosa Ramos Fraga Sara , De Souza Pereira Alexandre Lúcio , Ferreira Flores Bade Michelle Cristina
Published: November 2020

O artigo apresenta um recorte da pesquisa que teve como fonte as canções para canto e piano do compositor cearense Aloysio de Alencar Pinto. A investigação está inscrita na interface de três grupos de pesquisa que se dedicam à canção brasileira de concerto: Resgate da Canção Brasileira (UFMG), Acervo de Partituras Hermelindo Castelo Branco (UFPel/UFRJ) e Africanias (UFRJ). A metodologia do estudo procurou combinar as propostas dos grupos, visando, por um lado, a divulgação da canção brasileira de concerto e, por outro, oferecer subsídios para fundamentar as decisões interpretativas na construção da performance. O foco dado no texto foi à investigação das africanias nas canções de Aloysio, exemplificando o trabalho a partir das canções “Xangô (Invocação ao Deus do Trovão)” e “Nós viemo aqui cantá (Terno de Reis)”. Os resultados não somente contribuíram para a performance das canções, mas, também, para um verdadeiro encontro com as marcas das ricas matrizes culturais que compõem a diversidade cultural brasileira.
ANALISIS PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS, PEDULI SOSIAL, DAN PEDULI LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KEDISIPLINAN (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Administrasi Perkantoran Politeknik LP3I Jakarta)
Authors: Wibowo Edi Wahyu
Published: November 2020

The impact of globalization that is currently happening has made Indonesians forget their character. There are many problems that arise in Indonesian society, including the case of the lack of character possessed by students. This research analyzes the influence of religious character education, social care, environmental care on discipline of LP3I Jakarta Polytechnic Office Administration students. In the t test, the religious character variable partially does not have a positive and significant effect on the discipline variable. While the Social Care Character variable partially does not have a positive and significant effect on the discipline variable. However, the variable Character Caring for the Environment partially has a positive and significant effect on the discipline variable. In the F test simultaneously or together the independent variables have a significant effect on the dependent variable, that the model is able to explain 41.22% of the dependent variable, while 58.78% is influenced by other factors outside the regression model. For the character of caring for the environment, discipline is good and must be improved. Meanwhile, religious character does not affect discipline, this needs to be increased again in the spirit of learning motivation for religious subjects, it is also necessary to make an appropriate curriculum for religious subjects in order to produce disciplined students. For the character of social care, it is necessary to improve soft skills, especially in terms of sharing, so that students have an increased sense of empathy. This also requires an integrated curriculum between subjects, so that graduates Office Administration program of the Polytechnic LP3I Jakarta, can be ready to work with adequate hard skills and soft skills.

Keywords: Character Education, Religious, Social Care, Environmental Care, Discipline
The Radiological Images and the Diagnostic of COVID-19
Authors: Augusto de Araújo Neto Cesar
Published: November 2020

The gold-standard method to identify the presence of COVID-19 is the RT-PCR. However, the imaging diagnostic has been requested when there is suspicion of disease’s presence and/or the inflammatory phase of the disease begins. Ths artices described the most common manifestations and patterns of lung abnormality on computed X-Ray (CXR), computer tomography (CT) and Ultrasound of the chest in COVID-19. Notwithstanding the RT-PCR is the gold-standard diagnostic method for COVID-19, the CT has been shown an essential tool to identify pneumonia and the complications of COVID-19 in a patient. This review article aimed to summarize the radiological findings of COVID-19 researches for the following three principal areas: (1) radiological performance in the detection of COVID-19; (2) radiological role in the diagnosis of COVID-19; and (3) radiological function in the monitoring of COVID-19. We searched the articles in the main database (PubMed/Medline, Elsevier Science Direct, Scopus, Isi Web of Science, Embase, Exerpta Medica, UptoDate, Lilacs, Novel Coronavirus Resource Directory from Elsevier), in the high-impact international scientific Journals (Scimago Journal and Country Rank - SJR - and Journal Citation Reports - JCR), such as The Lancet, Science, Nature, The New England Journal of Medicine, Physiological Reviews, Journal of the American Medical Association, Plos One, Journal of Clinical Investigation, and in the data from Center for Disease Control (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and World Health Organization (WHO). We prior selected meta-analysis, systematic reviews, article reviews and original articles in this order. We reviewed 121 articles and used 57 for this paper from March to May 2020, using the terms coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, novel coronavirus, Wuhan coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome, 2019-nCoV, 2019 novel coronavirus, n-CoV-2, covid, n-Sars-2, COVID-19, corona virus, coronaviruses, diagnostic, radiology, imaging, computed tomography, chest, CT, X-Ray, with the tools MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), AND, OR, and characters [,“,; /., to ensure the best review topics. We concluded that the imaging method to detect the features of COVID-19 plays an important role in the diagnosis and follow up of the patient with COVID-19 pneumonia. Despite CT has a better sensitivity when compared to CRX and ultrasound, the portable CRX and portable ultrasound could be a new tool with minimal risk of contamination and with good sensitivity.
Brief Report of Guidelines and Protocols for the Management of COVID-19
Authors: Fabricia Oliveira Oliveira  , Larissa Moraes dos Santos Fonseca  , Roberto Badaró  , Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
Published: November 2020

In less than a year, the novel coronavirus rapidly changed the world scenario. To dealing with the fast spread of the disease, health associations coordinate data flows and issue guidelines to better mitigate the impact of the threat. Also, scientific groups around the world are working to ensure that all information about the mechanisms of the virus, transmission, and disease clinics is updated as the disease progresses. The objective of this study was to present the guidelines and recommendations for preventing, management strategies, clarifications about pandemics disinformation, and diagnosing COVID-19 infection in human specimens adopted from the main health centers and institutions in the world, such as WHO and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It is important to highlight that the rapid and effective enforcement of existing international and national action plans, as well as parallel review and improvisation, is facilitating the affected countries to contain transmission and possibly delay the peak of outbreak and mortality.
Appendix 1: EUA Case Study Database WHO Case Study Database
Authors: ISI-SENAI-CIMATEC Group
Published: November 2020

This Appendix 1 presents the clinical trials against COVID-19 registered in WHO and clinicaltrials.gov by United States of America database.
Заболевания верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта у больных сахарным диабетом
Authors: Ratmanov Pavel
Published: November 2020

В монографии представлены результаты многолетних исследований, выполненных на кафедре факультетской терапии с курсом эндокринологии Дальневосточного государственного медицинского университета. Они затрагивают актуальную проблему: особенность течения заболеваний верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта у больных сахарным диабетом. В книге освещены вопросы, касающиеся гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни и хронических гастродуоденальных заболеваний. Эти вышеперечисленные заболевания наиболее часто встречаются у данной группы пациентов и представляют наибольший интерес для клиницистов. Отдельные главы посвящены хеликобактерной инфекции и ее лечению у больных гастродуоденальными заболеваниями и сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Работа рассчитана на врачей-терапевтов, гастроэнтерологов, эндокринологов, работающих с больными сахарным диабетом, а также студентов-медиков старших курсов, научных работников, интересующихся данной проблемой.
Pandemics and their impact on oil and metal prices
Authors: Addison Tony , Ghoshray Atanu
Published: November 2020

We examine the effect of pandemics on selected commodity prices—in particular, those of zinc, copper, lead, and oil. We set up a vector autoregressive model and analyse data since the mid-nineteenth century to determine how prices reacted to pandemics such as the 1918 Spanish Flu, 1957 Asian Flu, and 1968 Hong Kong Flu. We control for demand and supply fundamentals to generate forecasts from the point of outbreak, and we consider whether any pattern can be deduced in reactions to adverse global shocks. Results are varied, depending on choice of commodity and magnitude and type of response. No clear conclusions are possible from past pandemics, and we conclude that at the time of writing, forecasts are difficult to make in the ongoing current pandemic too. We conclude by estimating impulse response functions to assess likely impact and the subsequent response of commodity prices to the shock.
Bottom-Up Social Change: Materials | Buildings | Community
Authors:   University of Washington, Golden Elizabeth , Vermillion Joshua ,   University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Published: November 2020

The intent of the 2019 Intersections Symposium was to explore the strengths and weaknesses of bottom-up social drivers as catalysts for development, growth, and transformation of the built environment, and to understand the ways in which these interventions can be more equitable, inclusive, affordable, and sustainable. What we learned from the symposium participants is that architects, educators, and students can and should play a significant role in catalyzing change within their communities, however, they must remain cognizant of their often privileged position when responding to collective needs, as the concepts of ‘bottom-up’ or ‘top-down’ can shift based on one’s own ideological or socio-economic vantage point.
Public Transportation Design as Grassroots Pedagogy
Authors:   Portland State University, Palleroni Sergio
Published: November 2020

"In the spring of 2014, the Center for Public Interest Design (CPID) was approached by the Sacramento Area Council of Governments to begin the process of exploring how public interest design could be used to address the needs of some of Sacramento’s most disinvested and environmentally impacted neighborhoods. This collaboration began at a crucial time for California as the State was in the process of implementing the first cap and trade legislation in the US. A significant percentage of funds collected through the sale of carbon tax credits associated with this legislation are required to be invested in disadvantaged communities. This paper proposal examines the potential for design to play a role in identifying social investment opportunities to create healthier communities through the CPID’s work with students in Central California."
Economies of Scale: Research-Driven Social Impact in the Housing Studio
Authors:   University of Michigan, Haar Sharon
Published: November 2020

"How do we engage and envision “bottom-up” social change in the context of the academic design studio? What does it look like, and how is it taught? This paper shares a novel research-based studio engaged with large-scale projects in the city of Detroit that diverges from the small-scale, often design-build projects most often undertaken in community- based practice in the academy. Framed by the context of a research-intensive academic institution—the University of Michigan—the pedagogy asks how can we educate students in the potential for social impact and capacity-building at scale? In parallel, how can we leverage the research capacities of a large student body to advance the study of affordable housing and neighborhood development in the context of a city such as Detroit?"
evolução da universidade no contexto do ensino a distância e das TICs
Authors: Oliveira Nathan Peixoto , Silveira Jader Luís da , Jesus Rômulo Henrique Gomes de , Rodrigues Thales Volpe
Published: November 2020

a evolução das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) trouxe para o contexto educacional novos recursos para contribuir com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Dessa forma, este trabalho possui como objetivo analisar o impacto das TICs aplicadas no Ensino a Distância (EaD) do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais – Campus Avançado Arcos. Para esse fim, buscou-se, por meio de um estudo descritivo, verificar o uso das TICs no ambiente do EaD, apontando como elas podem contribuir para a formação dos estudantes. Como principal resultado, foi verificado que a aplicação das TICs favorece o propósito da educação a distância como massificação do aprendizado, aumento do acesso e direito constitucional à educação pública de qualidade e inclusão social.
Competência digital docente
Authors: Loureiro Ana Claudia , Meirinhos Manuel , Osório António José
Published: November 2020

Este estudo analisa as concepções de competência digital docente defendidas em referenciais elaborados por Portugal (GEPE), Espanha (INTEF), França, União Europeia (UE), UNESCO e pela International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE). Esta análise tem como objetivos (i) caraterizar a estrutura de competências apresentada pelos diversos referenciais, (ii) identificar especificidades dos referenciais e (iii) compreender as principais linhas de ação dos referenciais. A metodologia adotada foi a de análise de conteúdo de caráter indutivo, suportada por uma grelha de recolha de dados categorizada segundo o objetivo do estudo. Como resultados, apresentamos uma análise comparativa entre esses referenciais, que categoriza, especifica e identifica as principais linhas de orientações das competências digitais docentes. A relevância do estudo funda-se no atual contexto da sociedade que coloca a educação e o professor no foco de uma agenda emergente que se traduz na necessidade de orientações para uma formação contínua do profissional docente que desenvolva as competências digitais geradoras de novas práticas pedagógicas. A investigação pode contribuir com conhecimento científico para projetos futuros de políticas públicas, de países que desejam desenvolver referenciais educativos, ou para instituições de formação inicial e contínua de professores.
“E daí?”, afinal “Para que história?”
Authors: Bredariolli Rita Luciana Berti
Published: November 2020

Não há retrocesso, somente a constelação de tempos heterogêneos saturados de agoras. Esse texto é dedicado a atos de resistência como reação, contrariedade, oposição, insubmissão, persistência, sobrevivência. Como matéria e atributo da história e da memória, potências de reconhecimento e reverberação desses modos de existência.  Formas de atuação política. Sua escrita seguiu a atualização de uma pergunta designada, em 1983, como título de um texto em defesa da história e memória para a revitalização e fortalecimento de um campo de conhecimento dedicado à investigação das delicadas e potentes relações entre arte e educação: “Para que história?”