bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Occurrence of TLR3 and TLR7 Polymorphisms Among Healthy Individual of Various Population
Authors: Singh HariOm , Chauware Vijay , Jakhar Kamini
Published: June 2021

Background:

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as mediators of an innate immune response to
infectious agents. The risk for chronic infection and the development of cancer can be potentially influenced
by the genetic variations in the TLR genes. TLR3 and TLR7 genes have been associated with
susceptibility to several infections and immune diseases. Human populations are very diverse. There
are significant variations in the TLR3 and TLR7 polymorphisms among ethnic groups. Variations within
the population are associated with the disease outcome. Hence, we aimed to compare the occurrence
of TLR3 (rs5743312 C/T, rs3775296 C/A, and rs3775291 C/T) and TLR7 (rs179009 and
rs179008) polymorphisms among healthy individuals of various populations.

Methods:

Genotyping of TLR3 (rs5743312 C/T, rs3775296 C/A, and rs3775291 C/T) and TLR7
(rs179009 and rs179008) polymorphisms were done in 158 healthy controls from the Western India by
utilization of PCR-RFLP.

Result:

In our study population, the prevalence of TLR3 rs5743312 CC, CT, and TT genotypes were
found to be 67.1%, 31.0%, and 1.9%, respectively, whereas genotype distribution of rs3775296 C/A
polymorphism was 65.2%, 31.6%, and 3.2%, respectively and rs3775291C/T was 59.5%, 32.3% and
8.2%, respectively. The occurrence of TLR7 rs179008AA, rs179008AT, rs179008TT genotypes and
rs179008A, rs179008T alleles in the healthy individuals was found to be 81.0%, 16.5%, 2.5% and
89.24%, 10.75%, respectively. The prevalence of TLR7 rs179009AA, rs179009AG, rs179009GG genotypes
and rs179009A, rs179009G alleles in healthy individuals was 63.3%, 29.1%, 7.6% and 63.3%,
36.7%, respectively. The frequency of TLR7 polymorphism was compared with Italian, Asian, European,
African, German and France populations. The frequency of TLR3 polymorphism was compared
with Asians, Caucasians, Taiwanese, Caucasians and Saudi Arabians, Poland, Taiwanese, Italy, Taiwan,
Estonia, Asia and Caucasus. The inter-population differences were observed in the distribution of
TLR3 and TLR7 polymorphisms.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of TLR3 and TLR7 polymorphisms suggested that genotype-phenotype studies
should be conducted among populations to address the innate immune responses against pathogens.
O contencioso da União Europeia e a cobrança transfronteiriça de créditos: compreendendo as soluções digitais à luz do paradigma da Justiça eletrónica europeia (e-Justice) - Volume II
Authors: Abreu Joana Rita Sousa Covelo , Coelho Larissa Araújo , Cabral Tiago Sérgio
Published: June 2021

[Excerto] Os textos publicados neste e-book, sob o tema “O Contencioso da União Europeia e a cobrança transfronteiriça de créditos: compreendendo as soluções digitais à luz do paradigma da Justiça Eletrónica europeia (e-Justice)” correspondem, na sua essência, ao suporte teórico da 2.ª Edição da Summer School, com o mesmo título, a ser promovida de 5 a 9 de julho de 2021, na Escola de Direito da Universidade do Minho. A publicação desta obra corresponde a um dos objetivos visados no Módulo Jean Monnet com o acrónimo “eUjust” e subordinado ao tema “EU Procedure and credits’ claims: approaching electronic solutions under e-Justice paradigm”, desenvolvido, na Escola de Direito da Universidade do Minho, de setembro de 2019 a agosto de 2022, com a chancela da Comissão Europeia e do Programa ERASMUS+, que conta com a coordenação da Prof. Doutora Joana Covelo de Abreu, Professora da mesma instituição, e integrando, na sua equipa, a Prof. Doutora Alessandra Silveira e o Prof. Doutor Pedro Madeira Froufe. Neste contexto, o Módulo partiu da sensibilidade auscultada pela equipa que o integra de que, com o estabelecimento de um Mercado Único Digital, a União Europeia começou a votar uma atenção particular às dinâmicas associadas às novas tecnologias de informação e de comunicação ao serviço de uma boa administração da justiça. Na verdade, apesar de se verificarem esforços em equacionar, introdutoriamente, uma justiça eletrónica europeia, que datam de 2007 (e com o arranque do primeiro Plano Plurianual de Ação, do Conselho, em 2009), a realidade é que esta ganhou novo fôlego e atualidade com a apresentação, em 2019, do Plano e da Estratégia do Conselho sobre justiça eletrónica europeia, a implementar até 2023. [...]
Een verplicht ouderschapsplan na echtscheiding? : Inzichten vanuit de SiV-studie
Authors: Bastaits Kim , Pasteels Inge , Van Peer Christine , Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: June 2021

In België worden wanneer twee ouders scheiden expliciet afspraken gemaakt over de verblijfsregeling, het gezag en de kosten voor de kinderen. Afspraken over de informatie-uitwisseling over en de taakverdeling in verband met de kinderen worden vaker achteraf gemaakt of krijgen zelfs vorm zonder expliciete afspraken. Resultaten, gebaseerd op gegevens uit het onderzoek “Scheiding in Vlaanderen”, tonen echter aan dat de domeinen met expliciete afspraken minder onvolkomenheden kennen dan de domeinen waarvoor er door de wetgeving geen expliciete afspraken vereist zijn. Daarom pleiten we ervoor om ouders in een geïntegreerd ouderschapsplan ook afspraken te laten maken over de taakverdeling en de informatie-uitwisseling. In Nederland zijn verblijf, kosten, taakverdeling en informatie-uitwisseling als aparte domeinen opgenomen in dergelijk ouderschapsplan dat ouders moeten toevoegen aan hun verzoek tot echtscheiding. Ook in België zou een ouderschapsplan gescheiden ouders kunnen helpen om vooraf meer afspraken over de minderjarige kinderen te maken en kinderen hierbij centraal te stellen.
Abstract : 
When Belgian parents divorce, arrangements on custody and alimony are made. Still, task division and information exchange concerning the children are mostly ad hoc, with or even without explicit agreements. Results, based on data of the “Divorce in Flanders”-study, show that explicit arrangements are often more respected than ad hoc arrangements. Therefore, we suggest that divorcing parents should formulate a parenting plan that also includes arrangements on task division and information exchange concerning the children. In the Netherlands, divorcing parents are obligated to include arrangements on custody, alimony, task division and information exchange concerning the children in such a parenting plan, which they add to their request to divorce. In Belgium as well, such kind of parenting plan might help divorcing parents to focus immediately on their children and on their needs when a divorce occur.
Echtscheiding, conflict en mentale gezondheid : hoe conflict met de ex- en nieuwe partner gerelateerd is aan welzijn na scheiding
Authors: Symoens Sara , Bracke Piet
Published: June 2021

Veranderingen in sociale relaties kunnen een substantiële invloed hebben op het welbevinden van ex-partners na echtscheiding. In dit onderzoek wordt conflict in intieme relaties met zowel de nieuwe partner als de ex-partner bestudeerd, en de relatie tussen conflict en een waaier van zowel positieve als negatieve indicatoren van mentale gezondheid. De data van het project ‘Scheiding in Vlaanderen’ worden gebruikt. Analyses worden uitgevoerd op een subsample van 908 gescheiden mannen en vrouwen. In vergelijking met het voorbije huwelijk, wordt in huidige ex-partnerrelaties weinig conflict gerapporteerd. Is er toch conflict, dan gaat dit voor zowel mannen als vrouwen gepaard met een lager welzijn, maar vooral voor vrouwen. Hetzelfde geldt voor conflict met de nieuwe partner. Meest opvallend is dat partnerrelaties van centraal belang blijven voor de identiteit van mannen en vrouwen. Zij in een nieuwe partnerrelatie zijn gemiddeld immers meer tevreden en minder ongelukkig dan alleenstaanden, zelfs indien veel conflict gerapporteerd wordt. Tenslotte blijken gescheiden vrouwen, maar niet mannen, wiens voorbije huwelijk veel conflict kende doorgaans meer tevreden met hun leven te zijn.
Abstract : 
Changes in social relations can have a substantial impact on the wellbeing of ex-partners after divorce. This research focusses on conflict in initimate relationships with both a new partner as with the ex-spouse, and its relationship with a broad array of indicators of both negative and positive mental health. The data of the project “Divorce in Flanders” is used. Analyses are conducted on a subsample of 908 divorced men and women. Compared to the last year of marriage, only little conflict is reported in current relations between exspouses. If there is conflict, this is associated with lower wellbeing, though more pronounced for women. The same holds for conflict with the new partner. Remarkable is that partnerrelationships are still of central importance for the identity of men and women: those who have a new partner are in general more satisfied and less unhappy, even if this relationship is characterised by conflict. Finally, divorced women, but not men, whose prior marriage was characterised by high conflict, are in general more satisfied with their lives.
Twitter Users’ Views on Mental Health Crisis Resolution Team Care Compared With Stakeholder Interviews and Focus Groups: Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Chilman Natasha , Morant Nicola , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Wackett Jane , Johnson Sonia
Published: June 2021

Background

Analyzing Twitter posts enables rapid access to how issues and experiences are socially shared and constructed among communities of health service users and providers, in ways that traditional qualitative methods may not.

Objective

To enrich the understanding of mental health crisis care in the United Kingdom, this study explores views on crisis resolution teams (CRTs) expressed on Twitter. We aim to identify the similarities and differences among views expressed on Twitter compared with interviews and focus groups.

Methods

We used Twitter’s advanced search function to retrieve public tweets on CRTs. A thematic analysis was conducted on 500 randomly selected tweets. The principles of refutational synthesis were applied to compare themes with those identified in a multicenter qualitative interview study.

Results

The most popular hashtag identified was #CrisisTeamFail, where posts were principally related to poor quality of care and access, particularly for people given a personality disorder diagnosis. Posts about CRTs giving unhelpful self-management advice were common, as were tweets about resource strains on mental health services. This was not identified in the research interviews. Although each source yielded unique themes, there were some overlaps with themes identified via interviews and focus groups, including the importance of rapid access to care. Views expressed on Twitter were generally more critical than those obtained via face-to-face methods.

Conclusions

Traditional qualitative studies may underrepresent the views of more critical stakeholders by collecting data from participants accessed via mental health services. Research on social media content can complement traditional or face-to-face methods and ensure that a broad spectrum of viewpoints can inform service development and policy.
The Influence of COVID-19 Vaccination on Daily Cases, Hospitalization, and Death Rate in Tennessee, United States: Case Study
Authors: Roghani Ali
Published: June 2021

Background

The COVID-19 outbreak highlights our vulnerability to novel infections, and vaccination remains a foreseeable method to return to normal life. However, infrastructure is inadequate for the immediate vaccination of the whole population. Therefore, policies have adopted a strategy to vaccinate older adults and vulnerable populations while delaying vaccination for others.

Objective

This study aimed to understand how age-specific vaccination strategies reduce daily cases, hospitalizations, and death rates using official statistics for Tennessee, United States.

Methods

This study used publicly available data on COVID-19, including vaccination rates, positive cases, hospitalizations, and deaths from the Tennessee Department of Health. Data from the first date of vaccination (December 17, 2020) to March 3, 2021, were retrieved. The rates were adjusted by 2019 data from the US Census Bureau, and age groups were stratified into 10-year intervals starting with 21 years of age.

Results

The findings showed that vaccination strategy can reduce the numbers of patients with COVID-19 in all age groups, with lower hospitalization and death rates in older populations. Older adults had a 95% lower death rate from December to March; no change in the death rate of other age groups was observed. The hospitalization rate was reduced by 80% for people aged ≥80 years, while people who were 50 to 70 years old had nearly the same hospitalization rate as prior to vaccination.

Conclusions

This research indicates that targeting older age groups for vaccination is the optimal way to avoid higher transmissions and reduce hospitalization and death rates.
Virtual Prehabilitation in Patients With Cancer Undergoing Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Prospective Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lambert Genevieve , Drummond Kenneth , Tahasildar Bhagya , Carli Francesco
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, preoperative care, also termed prehabilitation, has become increasingly relevant due to the decreasing functional and psychosocial health of patients with cancer, which is a result of the pandemic restrictions. Concurrently, access to telehealth has improved; telehealth comprises all remote care delivery facilitated by information technologies (ie, virtually).

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this protocol is to describe the rationale and methodology for a major trial investigating the feasibility and safety of multimodal virtual prehabilitation services (ie, teleprehabilitation).

METHODS

This single-arm feasibility trial aims to recruit 100 patients with cancer to receive teleprehabilitation throughout their preoperative period. The inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) 18 years of age or older, (2) scheduled for elective cancer surgery and referred by a surgeon, (3) medically cleared by the referring physician to engage in physical activity, and (4) have a good comprehension of the English or French language. Feasibility will be assessed by documenting recruitment, adherence, and retention rates, in addition to patients’ motives for not participating in the trial, low participation, or discontinuation. The secondary outcome of safety will be assessed by reporting program-related adverse events.

RESULTS

The Montreal General Hospital Foundation funded the project in August 2020. The protocol was then approved by the Research Ethics Board of the McGill University Health Centre in January 2021 (ID No. 2021-6730). The first patient was recruited in March 2021, and recruitment is expected to end in September 2022. As of March 2022, 36 patients have been recruited, including 24 who have completed their participation. No adverse events have been reported. Data collection is expected to conclude in November 2022. Data analysis will be performed, and the results will be published by the beginning of 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

This trial will provide guidance on the use of telehealth in the administration of prehabilitation services. The trial will provide a large amount of information that will respond to gaps in the literature, as there are minimal reports on the use of telehealth rehabilitation and prehabilitation services among elderly populations and in acute contexts, such as the preoperative period.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0479956; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04799561

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/29936
Effect of a Mobile Health App on Adherence to Physical Health Treatment: Retrospective Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Greenstein Jay , Topp Robert , Etnoyer-Slaski Jena , Staelgraeve Michael , McNulty John
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Adherence to prescribed medical interventions can predict the efficacy of the treatment. In physical health clinics, not adhering to prescribed therapy can take the form of not attending a scheduled clinic visit (no-show appointment) or prematurely terminating treatment against the advice of the provider (self-discharge). A variety of interventions, including mobile phone apps, have been introduced for patients to increase their adherence to attending scheduled clinic visits. Limited research has examined the impact of a mobile phone app among patients attending chiropractic and rehabilitation clinic visits.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to compare adherence to prescribed physical health treatment among patients attending a chiropractic and rehabilitation clinic who did and did not choose to adopt a phone-based app to complement their treatment.

METHODS

The medical records of new patients who presented for care during 2019 and 2020 at 5 community-based chiropractic and rehabilitation clinics were reviewed for the number of kept and no-show appointments and to determine whether the patient was provider-discharged or self-discharged. During this 24-month study, 36.28% (1497/4126) of patients seen in the targeted clinics had downloaded the Kanvas app on their mobile phone, whereas the remaining patients chose not to download the app (usual care group). The gamification component of the Kanvas app provided the patient with a point every time they attended their visits, which could be redeemed as an incentive.

RESULTS

During both 2019 and 2020, the Kanvas app group was provider-discharged at a greater rate than the usual care group. The Kanvas app group kept a similar number of appointments compared with the usual care group in 2019 but kept significantly more appointments than the usual care group in 2020. During 2019, both groups exhibited a similar number of no-show appointments; however, in 2020, the Kanvas app group demonstrated more no-show appointments than the usual care group. When collapsed across years and self-discharged, the Kanvas app group had a greater number of kept appointments compared with the usual care group. When provider-discharged, both groups exhibited a similar number of kept appointments. The Kanvas app group and the usual care group were similar in the number of no-show appointments when provider-discharged, and when self-discharged, the Kanvas app group had more no-show appointments compared with the usual care group.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients who did or did not have access to the Kanvas app and were provider-discharged exhibited a similar number of kept appointments and no-show appointments. When patients were self-discharged and received the Kanvas app, they exhibited 3.2 more kept appointments and 0.94 more no-show appointments than the self-discharged usual care group.

CLINICALTRIAL
Spatial learning and memory of young and aging rats following injection with human Wharton’s jelly‐mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Juliandi Berry , Mubarok Wildan , Anggraini Dian , Boediono Arief , Subangkit Mawar , Bachtiar Indra , Murti Harry , Yaprianto Kelvin , Setiawan Boenjamin
Published: June 2021

Human Wharton’s jelly‐mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ‐MSC) are an emerging potential source of stem cells derived from the umbilical cord. Previous studies have shown their potential as treatment for traumatic brain injury and Parkinson’s disease. However, no study has yet investigated the effect of hWJ‐MSC injections in countering spatial learning and memory impairment in aging rats. The effect of hWJ‐MSC injection on young rats is also unknown. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of an hWJ‐MSC injection on spatial learning, memory, density of putative neural progenitor cells (pNPC), and neuronal apoptosis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of young and aging rats. Injection of hWJ‐MSC did not change spatial learning and memory in young rats until two months post‐injection. This might be due to retained pNPC density and neuronal apoptosis in the DG of young rats after injection of hWJ‐MSC. In contrast, injection of hWJ‐MSC promoted both spatial learning and memory in aging rats, a finding that might be attributable to the increased pNPC density and attenuated neuronal apoptosis in DG of aging rats during the two months post‐injection. Our study suggests that a single injection of hWJ‐MSC might be sufficient to promote improvement in long‐term learning and memory in aging rats.
Distinguishing resistances of transgenic sugarcane generated from RNA interference and pathogen‐derived resistance approaches to combating sugarcane mosaic virus
Authors: Hidayati Weny Nailul , Apriasti Retnosari , Addy Hardian Susilo , Sugiharto Bambang
Published: June 2021

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is a causative agent that reduces growth and productivity in sugarcane. Pathogen‐derived resistance (PDR) and RNA interference (RNAi) are the most common approaches to generating resis‐ tance against plant viruses. Two types of transgenic sugarcane have been obtained by PDR and RNAi methods using a gene‐encoding coat protein (CP) of SCMV (SCMVCp). This research aimed to distinguish resistance of the two transgenic sugarcanes in combating SCMV through artificial viral inoculation. The experiment was conducted using transgenic sugar‐ cane lines validated by PCR analysis. Insertion of gene‐encoding CP in the transgenic lines was confirmed by amplification of 702 bp of DNA fragment of SCMVCp. After viral inoculation, mosaic symptoms appeared earlier, at 21 days post inoculation (dpi) in PDR transgenic lines, but was at 26 dpi in RNAi transgenic lines. Symptom observation showed that 77.8% and 50% of the inoculated plants developed mosaic symptoms in PDR and RNAi transgenic lines, respectively. RT‐PCR analysis revealed that the nuclear inclusion protein b (Nib) gene of SCMV was amplified in the symptomatic leaves in plants classified as susceptible lines. Immunoblot analysis confirmed presence of viral CP with a molecular size of 37 kDa in the susceptible lines. Collectively, these results indicated that the RNAi approach targeting the gene for CP effectively produces more resistance against the SCMV infection in transgenic sugarcane compared to the PDR approach.
Application of FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for the Prediction of Radical Scavenging Activities of Fish oils
Authors: Nur Ikhsan Arif , Rohman Abdul , Rosiana Putri Anggita , Syifa Fella , Mustafidah Mabrurotul , Martien Ronny
Published: June 2021

Patin fish (Pangasius micronemus), Gabus fish (Channa striata) and Bandeng fish (Chanos chanos) are the freshwater fish that are widely cultivated in Indonesia, fish oils extracted are believed has antioxidant activity. The goals of this study was (1) determining antioxidant activities using radical scavenging activity (RSA) 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), (2) classifying of fish oil from different species and extraction method using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) and predicting antioxidant activities of fish oil from different species and extraction method using FTIR spectroscopy combined principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square regression (PLS). The results exhibit radical scavenging activity (RSA) of patin fish flesh oil (maceration dried samples using chloroform) giving highest RSA (23.57 ± 0.14). PCA and CA succesfully classify of fish oil from different species and extraction based on PC1 - PC2 score plots and grouping into 4 groups based on dendogram. Optimal PCR method were obtained from second derivative spectra at wavenumbers region 1440 – 1741 cm-1 with highest R2 (0,9794), lowest RMSEC (0,737), and lowest RMSEP (0,927) in calibration and validation models. From this study we can concluded FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics can be classifying and predicting antioxidant activity of fish oil from different species and extraction method successfully.
Antibiotic Consumption and Resistance Pattern of 3 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Species: An Ecological Study
Authors: Meriyani Herleeyana , Dwi Arymbhi Sanjaya  , Ketut Agus Adrianta
Published: June 2021

A group of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) was historically classified as a nonpathogenic bacteria. Over the last few decades, nosocomial infections caused by CoNS as opportunistic pathogens have increased and become one of the major nosocomial pathogens. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between the use of an antibiotic agent for CoNS in Bali’s regional public hospital and the development of antibiotic resistance during 3 years period. This study was a retrospective ecological study of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic consumption secondary data collected prospectively. It was conducted over a three years period of inpatient data. Susceptibility of CoNS to antibiotics was obtained from the hospital antibiogram of all isolates from 2017 to 2019. Sensitivity results in antibiogram were based on the standards provided by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) with the disk diffusion method. Antibiotic consumption in DDDs/100 bed-days. The relationships between DDDs/100 bed-days of each antibiotic and rates of antibiotic resistance of each resistant strain of CoNS were tested using Spearman correlation and logistic regression. There was no significant correlation between antibiotic consumption (DDD) and the percentage of antibiotic resistance among the three CoNS species (p>0.05). However, this study found there was an inverse relationship between DDD and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus hominis species (OR = 0.063; CI [0.004-0.915]; p=0.043). We conclude that no significant correlation between antibiotic consumption and antibiotic resistance of the 3 CoNS species. There needs to be further research to identify antibiotic consumption, antibiotic resistance and other factors affecting antibiotic resistance.
Building Patient Loyalty in Pharmacy Service: A Comprehensive Model
Authors: Pribadi Prasojo , Satibi  , Susi Ari Kristina  , Suci Paramitasari Syahlani
Published: June 2021

The function of pharmacy services has been expanded becomes patient-centered care. Pharmacy services are an important part of creating provider-patient relationships which are currently a popular indicator of healthcare quality. Customer loyalty reflects a strong and positive relationship between customers and service providers The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of pharmacy services, patient emotions, satisfaction and trust in influencing patient loyalty. In addition, determines the mediating role of emotional factors, satisfaction and trust. A cross sectional survey has been conducted in outpatient department. The purposive sampling method were used in this study. A total of 300 respondents from six referral hospitals were interviewed. The partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach were performed to data analysis. Pharmacy service has a significant effect on positive emotions, satisfaction and trust. The satisfaction has a positive effect on trust and patient loyalty. Trust has a significant influence on patient loyalty. Positive emotions has a positive effect on patient loyalty. Furthermore, positive emotions, satisfaction and trust have a full mediating role. The satisfaction has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between pharmacy service and trust. Trust has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between satisfaction and patient loyalty. Pharmaceutical services have an indirect effect on patient loyalty. These findings emphasize the importance of the pharmaceutical services contribution in building relationships with patients.
Anti-Inflammatory Action of Indonesian Black Garlic (IBG) Ethanol Extracts in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells
Authors: Pratidina Laurentia Adinda , Wijayanti Novita , Hwang Seong Gu
Published: June 2021

Indonesian Black Garlic (IBG) ethanol extracts is a new type of fresh garlic product, produced at high temperature and humidity. IBG has active antioxidant activity. Thy study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory actions of IBG in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The cells were cultures and treated with different concentrations of IBG (50 to 1000 mg/mL). The cell counting kit-8 assay showed that IBG was not toxic up to 400 mg/mL. IBG significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Futhermore, IBG is shown to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines, this is evident from the decreased expressions of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, NF-kB, and TNF-α in mRNA expressions and also on protein level. The results suggest that IBG can be used to prevent or cure inflammation-related diseases.
FTIR-based fingerprinting combined with chemometrics for discrimination of Sonchus arvensis leaves extracts of various extracting solvents and the correlation with its antioxidant activity
Authors: Rafi Mohamad , Rismayani Winda , Sugiarti Rita Merisa , Syafitri Utami Dyah , Wahyuni Wulan Tri , Rohaeti Eti
Published: June 2021

Sonchus arvensis, the local name for tempuyung, is acknowledged to have many biological activities, including the antioxidant activity. This study aimed to cluster the leaves extracts based on the extracting solvent and to determine the functional groups significantly contributing to the antioxidant activity. From the water, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% ethanol, and absolute ethanol extracts, we analyzed the total phenolics content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), antioxidant activity (DPPH method), and the FTIR spectra. The 70% ethanol extract exhibits the highest total phenolics and the highest antioxidant activity. The extracts were grouped based on the extracting solvent using the principal component analysis (PCA) with 95% total variance from its principal component 1 and 2. The partial least square (PLS) regression was employed for finding a functional group from the antioxidant constituents present in the sample extract. We predicted by PLS regression that the –OH and the C-O groups are attributed to the phenolics that give a significant contribution to the antioxidant activity of the S. arvensis leaves.
Penggunaan metode Reliability-Centered Maintenance untuk menjaga keandalan material belt conveyor
Authors: Satrijo Djoeli , Suprihanto Agus , Kurdi Ojo , Wibowo Dwi Basuki , Haryadi Gunawan Dwi , Umardani Yusuf , Rozi Khoiri , Pratomo Muhammad Fakhri Aji
Published: June 2021

Alat transportasi berperan penting dalam mengangkut material konsentrat untuk diolah dalam pabrik smelter secara kontinyu. Peralatan tersebut dijaga agar selalu beroperasi tanpa ada kerusakan. Kerusakan alat dapat mengakibatkan terhentinya proses produksi. Oleh karena itu manajemen peralatan pabrik sangat penting, dengan melakukan maintenance secara berkala untuk menghindari kejadian yang tidak diinginkan. Permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada salah satu alat yaitu belt conveyor adalah adanya tumpahan material ketika beroperasi. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode Reliability Centered Maintenance untuk mengetahui solusi yang tepat atas permasalahan sehingga material belt conveyor memiliki kehandalan yang tinggi dan umur pakainya meningkat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa failure mode yang terjadi pada belt conveyor merupakan kategori C dan memiliki persentase terbesar sehingga dampak kerugian ekonominya relatif kecil. Namun tetap demikian kemungkinan terjadinya outage pada plant tetap harus diperhatikan.
Analisis Patahan Fatigue Pada Steel Bucket Pin Produk Lokal
Authors: Putra Kevin Riefhano Setya , Handoko Handoko -
Published: June 2021

Komponen steel bucket pin produk lokal yang digunakan pada excavator Komatsu seri PC200-7 mengalami patah saat penggunaan 2.000 jam. Sebagai pembanding, umur pakai komponen standar dari produsen excavator bisa tahan hingga pemakaian 10.000 jam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penyebab steel pin bucket produk lokal patah pada umur yang pendek. Beberapa kemungkinan penyebab steel pin bucket patah adalah cacat material, kesalahan produksi dan pengoperasian. Metode yang dilakukan adalah menganalisis patahan pin dengan pengamatan visual dan foto makro, pengujian sifat mekanis, analisis material composition, dan pengamatan struktur mikro. Hasil pengamatan visual menunjukkan bahwa pin mengalami patah fatigue akibat overload dan beban impak. Hal ini terjadi karena munculnya konsentrasi tegangan di bagian permukaan yang disebabkan oleh pitting dan korosi. Selain itu, komposisi material pin menunjukkan bahwa bahan yang digunakan adalah baja karbon dengan kadar karbon kurang dari 0,8%. Bahan ini tidak sesuai untuk pin karena ketangguhan dan kekuatan dari material kurang.
The Increase of Sumatran Tiger’s Prey Following Eradication of Melastoma malabatrichum in Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Master Jani , Qayim Ibnul , Setiadi Dede , Santoso Nyoto
Published: June 2021

The invasion of the planter's rhododendron (Melastoma malabatrichum) in Way Kambas National Park caused the loss of the sumatran tiger preys feeding ground, therefore efforts were made to eradicate the plant. This study aimed to compare the presence of sumatran tiger preys between M. malabatrichum-invaded location and eradicated location. Eradication was carried out by removing M. malabatrichum on a plot measuring 80 x 60 m2. To record the animal visit, the camera traps were placed at the eradicated and invaded location of M. malabatrichum for comparison. The results showed that the M. malabatrichum eradicated location was more frequently visited by sumatran tiger preys. At the M. malabatrichum eradicated location, camera traps recorded 19 species of wild boar having the highest encounter rate (55.23) followed by sambar deer (33.24), and long-tailed macaque (17.43). Meanwhile, at the M. malabatrichum invaded location, camera traps recorded 13 species with wild boar having the highest encounter rate (30.56), followed by sambar deer (14.75), and long-tailed macaque (14.48). Thus, the eradication of M. malabatrichum had a good impact on increasing the number of sumatran tiger preys due to the availability of feed after being free from M. malabatrichum invasion.
The Oriental Tiny Frog of the Genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1839 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) Revealed across Geographical Barriers of the Wallace Line
Authors: Eprilurahman Rury , Atmaja Vestidhia Yunisya , Munir Misbahul , Hamidy Amir , Arisuryanti Tuty , Ubaidillah Rosichon
Published: June 2021

The frog genus Microhyla was considered as the South, East, and Southeast Asian frog species. Microhyla orientalis was described in 2013, distributed in Java and Bali, Indonesia. Thenceforth, it was known as the easternmost distribution of this genus within the oriental region, but recently this species was recorded from the Timor Island and Sulawesi on the Wallace regions. We applied molecular analysis to evaluate the taxonomic status  and the origin of the Wallacean population. Phylogenetic analysis using the partial 16S mitochondrial gene demonstrated that the Java, Timor and Sulawesi populations were not significantly different from the Bali population. This Wallacean population of M. orientalis was originated from Java and possibly it is accidentally distributed by humans through the expansion of agricultural activity.
Grado de conocimiento sobre su enfermedad de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: López Uribe Nancy , Carachure Abarca Mariana
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: estimar el grado de conocimiento que tienen los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (dm2) sobre su enfermedad. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, participaron 370 pacientes con dm2, de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 1 en Cuernavaca, Morelos del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia; se les aplicó un cuestionario para variables sociodemográficas y el Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (dkq24, por sus siglas en inglés) para identificar el grado de conocimiento, se realizó estadística descriptiva mediante cálculos de media, desviación estándar, mediana y frecuencia y estadística analítica con χ2 y t de Student con significancia estadística p<0.05. Resultados: la media de edad fue de 61 años y predominó el sexo femenino con 59.19%. Respecto al conocimiento global sobre dm2, se determinó que 57.57% no tuvo un conocimiento adecuado; en cuanto a conocimientos básicos 53.51% refirió tener un conocimiento adecuado; 75.14% de los participantes careció de conocimiento adecuado en relación con el control glucémico. Respecto a las complicaciones, 73.24% tuvo un conocimiento no adecuado. El descontrol glucémico se asoció con un conocimiento inadecuado (p=0.028), mientras que al analizar otras variables de estudio no existió una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p>0.05). Conclusiones: el grado de conocimiento sobre dm2 en los participantes fue bajo y guardó relación con el control glucémico, es necesario implementar estrategias educativas específicas a fin de atenuar esta problemática en el primer nivel de atención.
Notas cerca de los moribundos
Authors: Chenlo Barros Rogelio
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo surge durante la estancia en una unidad de cuidados paliativos (cp) como parte del plan de residencia en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. A través de dos pacientes, con actitudes vitales muy diferentes, se analiza ese momento capital en nuestro quehacer médico que es la muerte. Sorprende lo comprensivos que somos ante la muerte de personas que no forman parte de nuestra vida y la dificultad de entenderla cuando se aproxima a nuestro mundo o a nuestra persona.

En este escrito se revisó la obra de Freud y de otros autores que, desde la profesión, se han acercado al estudio de la muerte, en un intento de entender qué le sucede a nivel de experiencia al paciente y a sus allegados, así como al personal sanitario. ¿Qué puede haber tras esa aparente comprensión? Es parte de nuestro trabajo acompañar al paciente en estas circunstancias.
Femenino con fenotipo marfanoide
Authors: Domínguez Gasca Luis Gerardo , Domínguez Carrillo Luis Gerardo
Published: June 2021

Identifique el caso
Discurso pronunciado por el Dr. Fernando Flores Trejo, en la conmemoración del día del maestro y de la maestra
Authors: Flores Trejo Fernando Guadalupe
Published: June 2021

Dr. Raúl Contreras BustamanteDirector de la Facultad de Dererecho de la UNAMDr. Ricardo Rojas ArévaloSecretario General de nuestra FacultadEx Directores y ex Directora de la Facultad de DerechoMaestros Eméritos Maestras y Maestros HomenajeadosCatedráticas y Catedráticos de la Facultad de Derecho
The shape of higher-dimensional state space: Bloch-ball analog for a qutrit
Authors: Eltschka Christopher , Huber Marcus , Morelli Simon , Siewert Jens
Published: June 2021

Geometric intuition is a crucial tool to obtain deeper insight into many concepts of physics. A paradigmatic example of its power is the Bloch ball, the geometrical representation for the state space of the simplest possible quantum system, a two-level system (or qubit). However, already for a three-level system (qutrit) the state space has eight dimensions, so that its complexity exceeds the grasp of our three-dimensional space of experience. This is unfortunate, given that the geometric object describing the state space of a qutrit has a much richer structure and is in many ways more representative for a general quantum system than a qubit. In this work we demonstrate that, based on the Bloch representation of quantum states, it is possible to construct a three dimensional model for the qutrit state space that captures most of the essential geometric features of the latter. Besides being of indisputable theoretical value, this opens the door to a new type of representation, thus extending our geometric intuition beyond the simplest quantum systems.
Programmability of covariant quantum channels
Authors: Gschwendtner Martina , Bluhm Andreas , Winter Andreas
Published: June 2021

A programmable quantum processor uses the states of a program register to specify one element of a set of quantum channels which is applied to an input register. It is well-known that such a device is impossible with a finite-dimensional program register for any set that contains infinitely many unitary quantum channels (Nielsen and Chuang's No-Programming Theorem), meaning that a universal programmable quantum processor does not exist. The situation changes if the system has symmetries. Indeed, here we consider group-covariant channels. If the group acts irreducibly on the channel input, these channels can be implemented exactly by a programmable quantum processor with finite program dimension (via teleportation simulation, which uses the Choi-Jamiolkowski state of the channel as a program). Moreover, by leveraging the representation theory of the symmetry group action, we show how to remove redundancy in the program and prove that the resulting program register has minimum Hilbert space dimension. Furthermore, we provide upper and lower bounds on the program register dimension of a processor implementing all group-covariant channels approximately.
Sedentarization of the Medieval Nomads of Eastern Europe: Understandings and Manifestations
Authors:   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, Ivanov Vladimir A.
Published: June 2021

Research objectives: To demonstrate that, contrary to the opinion of many researchers of the history and culture of nomads during the Middle Ages, sedentarization (the transition from a nomadic to settled lifestyle) was neither an end in itself nor the result of a natural historical development of nomadic societies. Research materials: This study is based on a source analysis of archaeological data, medieval written sources, and the works of travelers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who described the lifestyle and mentality of the Turkic and Mongol nomads who lived in the steppes of Eurasia at that time. Results and novelty of the research: Soviet researchers explained the gradual but sequential transition of nomads to a settled lifestyle through the methodology of a three-staged scheme: 1) the tabor stage represented by rare archaeological sites in the steppe; 2) the semi-nomadic stage with the appearance of stationary burial mounds and settlements in the steppe, which marked the places of nomadic wintering; 3) the stage of settlement with the appearance of nomadic burial grounds near cities and the deposition of elements of the material culture of nomads in the cultural layers of medieval cities. However, an in-depth analysis of traces of nomadic culture in the territory of the Bulgar and Golden Horde cities shows that they occupied an extremely insignificant place in the general complex of urban culture. Medieval narrative sources indicate the indifferent attitude of the bulk of nomads to cities. The observations of travelers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries confirm and supplement the information recorded by medieval authors. Historical, ethnographic, and sociological data of domestic and foreign researchers in the first half of the twentieth century indicate that the sedentarization of Kazakhs, Kalmyks, and Mongols was a consequence of the social policy of the Soviet government, which was interested in establishing strict control over nomads. As such, the author drew the following conclusions: 1) the “first stage of nomadism” was actually the migration of nomads in search of new habitats; 2) the “second stage” was the most natural and the only possible form of existence of nomadic communities in the natural and geographical conditions of the Eurasian steppes (those researchers are correct who thought and still think so); 3) there was no “third stage of nomadism” at all, since nomads cease to be nomads per se after their forced transition to this stage.
About Glory, Crying and Formulas. Review of: Monuments of the Book Epic of West and East, ed. by S.Yu. Neklyudov, N.V. Petrov. Moscow, INFRA-M Publ., 2018. 482 p.
Authors: Staf, Irina K.
Published: June 2021

The reviewed collective monograph edited by S. Neklyudov and N. Petrov focuses on issues of the book epic, monuments of ancient and medieval genre in between folklore and literature; the oral tradition in them is refracted and transformed in the process of written fixation. The research of the book epic makes it possible to set and solve problems far beyond the scope of epic studies: the book raises issues related not only to the formation and features of one of the literary genres, but also to the emergence of literature as such, its socio-cultural role in different epochs, the relationship between tradition and individual authorship, the evolution of poetic technique, the ways and circumstances of cycling epic tales. This capital work appears to be a remarkable event in world science.
Os jesuítas no Marañón: Pablo Maroni e sua proposta para o desenvolvimento das Missões de Maynas
Authors: Santos Roberta Fernandes
Published: June 2021

As Missões de Maynas foram fundadas pelos jesuítas em 1638, em uma parte do território que hoje em dia conhecemos como Amazônia. Os missionários jesuítas foram os responsáveis pela pacificação e redução da maior parte dos índios do Marañón e seu projeto de ocupação foi o único considerado viável para aquela região periférica do império colonial espanhol. Sendo assim, o estudo da experiência jesuítica nas Missões de Maynas pode fornecer-nos dados importantes para a compreensão da dinâmica colonial em outros territórios também considerados marginais ou periféricos. Neste artigo, apresentamos o processo de fundação e constituição das Missões de Maynas, realizamos umdebate com a bibliografia sobre as missões jesuíticas e sobre a especificidade da escrita na Companhia de Jesus e analisamos parte do documento Noticias Auténticas del Famoso Rio Marañón, escrito pelo jesuíta Pablo Maroni entre 1730 e 1738. Destacamos sua proposta para o desenvolvimento das Missões de Maynas e a viabilidade desse projeto.
Non-surgical and surgical management of tissue recession around a dental implant in the anterior maxilla: a case report
Authors: Uccioli Umberto , Fonzar Alberto , Lanzuolo Stefania , Meloni Silvio Mario , Lumbau Aurea , Tallarico Marco
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this case report was to present a combination of two
procedures in the treatment of gingival recessions after implant
placement in the anterior maxilla. Decision making process and
step-by-step execution of the treatments were presented to describe the
clinical and surgical management of the reported case.
The drivers of avian haemosporidian prevalence in tropical lowland forest of New Guinea in three dimensions
Authors: Vinagre-Izquierdo Celia , Bodawatta Kasun , Chmel Krystof , Renelies-Hamilton Justinn , Paul Luda , Bos Nick , Munclinger Pavel , Poulsen Michael , Jønsson Knud Andreas
Published: June 2021

Haemosporidians are among the most common parasites in birds and often
impact negatively host fitness and consequently can affect entire host
populations. It is therefore important to determine what factors
influence parasite prevalence, particularly if they are caused by
anthropogenic activities. Here we explore the effect of temperature,
forest cover, and proximity to anthropogenic disturbance on
haemosporidian prevalence and host-parasite networks on a horizontal
spatial scale, comparing four fragmented forest patches and five
localities within a continuous forest in Papua New Guinea. We find that
the majority of Haemosporidian infections are caused by the genus
Haemoproteus and that avian-haemosporidian networks are more specialized
in continuous forests. At the community level, only forest cover was
negatively associated with Haemoproteus infections, while abiotic and
anthropogenic effects on parasite prevalence differed between bird
species. We further tested if prevalence and host-parasite networks
differed between the canopy and the understorey (vertical
stratification) and found significantly higher Haemoproteus prevalence
levels in the canopy, and the opposite trend for Plasmodium prevalence.
This implies that birds experience distinct parasite pressures depending
on the stratum they inhabit, likely driven by differences in vector
communities. These three-dimensional analyses of avian-haemosporidians
at horizontal and vertical scales provides a deeper understanding of the
environmental factors driving haemosporidian prevalence in tropical
lowland forests of New Guinea. Collectively, our results suggest that
the effect of abiotic variables on haemosporidian infections are species
specific, and that factors influencing community-level infections are
primarily driven by host community composition.