bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human rights and the right to health in Latin America: the Two Faces of One Powerful Idea
Authors: Stolkiner Alicia Ines
Published: January 2025

During the past decade the discussion of human rights has reappeared in the field of health, replacing the technocratic approaches of the previous period which had centered on cost-effectiveness. The focus on rights in public policies, with its emphasis on international norms for social rights, has influenced primary health care (PHC) strategy and fostered the return of PHC to its original role as guarantor of the right to health.3 As human rights became increasingly global, they once again occupied a central place in World Health Organization (WHO) documents and in government attitudes.

The revival of human rights discourse occurred at a time when neoliberalism was being discredited intellectually. It coincided with the appearance of governments critical of the hegemonic model of the 1990s, the restructuring of geopolitical alliances,
and a crisis of world capitalism affecting its central core. Various trends have co-existed within this process; the attempt to establish more just societies runs parallel to the search for a new way to legitimize power, given the loss of consensus over the neoliberal model. This dual aspect of the inclusion of human rights in the political arena demands a careful analysis of the various discourses and the proposals with which they are associated.
When “More doctors smoked Camels” Cigarette advertising in the journal
Authors: Blum Alan
Published: January 2025

Even well into the twentieth century, cigarette smoking hadn't caught on among most men―and definitely not among women. But through mass media advertising and overseas tobacco funds for the boys at war, cigarettes became firmly entrenched by the 1920s. The tobacco companies were the first to offer women equal rights, of a sort, with slogans such as “I'm a Lucky girl,” “Blow some my way,” and “Do you inhale? Everybody’s doing it!” Readers of the Sunday funnies were told by ballplayers like Lou Gehrig and Joe DiMaggio, "They don’t get your wind ... So mild, athletes smoke as many as they please!" To respond to those nagging, fuddyduddy health doubters, various salutary claims and endorsements by doctors of certain brands began to appear. By the 1930s cigarette advertisements had made their way into medical journals, including the New York State Journal of Medicine.
Crisis, Living Conditions and Health in Mexico: New Challenges for Social Policy
Authors: López Arellano Oliva , Rivera Márquez José Alberto , Delgado Campos Victoria Ixshel , Blanco Gil José
Published: January 2025

In the last 30 years, Mexico has faced major crises in its political, economic, and social life. These crises have affected living conditions and health. With the implementation in the 1980's of structural adjustment and economic stabilization policies, Mexico saw a rapid growth of poverty accelerating trends toward social polarization and social division.
The current crisis, fueled by deregulation of the global financial markets, only deepens the tendency towards economic stagnation. It has led to an increase in unemployment, worsening income inequalities, and generalized inflation. The increase in food prices, in particular, has made life more difficult for the Mexican population. The crisis has had a palpable and concrete impact on living conditions, health status, and food security for diverse social groups.
Can Insurance Guarantee Universal Access to Health Services?
Authors: Laurell Asa Cristina
Published: January 2025

Can Insurance Guarantee Universal Access to Health Services?
Odious debts and global responsibilities: Haiti’s example shows how foreign debt can lead a defenseless population into a catastrophe
Authors: Gebauer Thomas
Published: January 2025

This commentary was originally published in German in the Medico Rundschreiben January 2010 and is reprinted here in translation with the kind permission of the author.
Multi-Sector Participation In The National Response To Prevent And Address The Hiv/Aids Epidemic In The Republic Of Cuba, 2007-2008
Authors: Ramos Valle Isora , Louro Bernal Isabel , Farinas Reinoso Ana Teresa , Llanusa Susana , Rojo Pérez Nereida
Published: January 2025

The development of a strong national response involving multiple sectors—including civil society—is an essential aspect of the social management of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The goals of this response are to control the epidemic and improve the quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS; this includes combating stigma and discrimination, as well as ensuring due compliance with the law. Cuba has a national program to prevent and control HIV/AIDS. Since 2003 Cuba’s national program has received material and financial support from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Program evaluation is carried out by an independent team at ENSAP (National School of Public Health). This paper reports on results of one part of that evaluation: an assessment of the agencies and sectors who made up the organized social and national response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The evaluation primarily used qualitative analyses of the activities and tasks proposed by sectors in their 2006-2008 work plans. Visits were made to the provinces of Ciudad de la Habana, Matanzas, and Holguín. Qualitative techniques included in-depth interviews, semi-structured interviews, observation, and review of documentary evidence of all kinds (videos, reports, minutes, protocols, results of social research, and radio broadcast messages) and varied depending on the particular features of each sector. We noted improvements in multi-sector participation in the prevention and response to the national HIV/AIDS epidemic. Conscious of their role, sectors generally carried out their programmed activities and had improved their organization, planning, and systematization; integration among the sectors was also better. These local initiatives provided evidence of a multi-sector response characterized by autonomy, emotional involvement, and an identification with the goals of the project; this went beyond simply meeting targets. Cross-sector work showed a marked increase and a qualitative leap in management compared with the previous evaluation. Interviewees from different sectors all considered discrimination and stigmatization of people living with HIV to have decreased, both within their organizations and in the general population.
Colombia’s New Health Reform: Keeping the Financial Sector Healthy
Authors: Hernández Álvarez Mario , Torres-Tovar Mauricio
Published: January 2025

Colombia’s New Health Reform: Keeping the Financial Sector Healthy.
Stigmatizing neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Moya Alonso Laura , Alvar Jorge
Published: January 2025

he Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are the most common infections of poor people in developing countries, where they cause severe and permanent disabilities and a high disease burden. The stigma associated with disfiguring NTDs such as Buruli ulcer, leprosy, onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis, have important psycho-social effects in affected communities and has only been partly analyzed in the literature. Objective: The present article will review literature on stigma associated with cutaneous NTDs, explore the public health implications of stigma, and suggest a comprehensive approach to this cluster of diseases. Methodology/Principal findings: A literature review was done using the following datasets: PUBMED, Google Scholar, SCIELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE. Furthermore, a web search was conducted on the WHO website. Eighty three articles were found on our topic of interest. Eighty of them were related to cutaneous disfiguring NTDs; twenty had a qualitative approach. Our findings show that stigma is associated with all five cutaneous NTDs and causes remarkable psychological and public health consequences. Gender differences with regard to stigma are also considered. Conclusions: Stigma associated with disfiguring NTDs has been shown to be a major factor influencing access to health services and treatment adherence. If effective programs are to be successfully implemented, appropriate interventions are needed to prevent stigma and eliminate its negative effects. Although lymphatic filariasis and leprosy tend to show a broader research coverage of socio-cultural and psychological aspects of the disease, further research on other cutaneous stigmatizing neglected tropical is urgently needed. The literature suggests that stigma should be addressed in joint interventions rather than one disease at a time.
Working Conditions and Health Care in a “recuperated” clinic in Cordoba, Argentina
Authors: Hirtz Natalia V. , Giacone Marta S. , Álvarez Carlos , Maturano Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Argentinean economic reforms introduced in the 1990s were characterized by structural adjustments which increased both job insecurity and barriers to health care. In Córdoba, some individuals found themselves without health coverage. Conversely, many private practices, also in crisis, were forced to close with a resultant loss of heath care jobs.

Rather than accepting layoffs, the employees of the private Junin Clinic took over the facility and reorganized it as a cooperative. They wanted both to keep their jobs and to provide affordable health services primarily to the uninsured. We hypothesized that the quality of their clinical jobs would impact on the care they provided.

We undertook to examine how changes in the organization of the clinic affected working relations and working conditions . We undertook a descriptive, correlative survey of 25 employees chosen via a multi-stage process to be representative of the clinic.

Four percent worked under contract; eighty percent were professionals who split their earning 50/50 with the cooperative. The remaining workers were cooperative members.
Fifty percent of those interviewed earned less than the basic minimum wage. Forty-four percent worked alone; the remaining workers were part of teams. Eighty-eight percent felt that their job was appropriate for their level of training. No one reported any occupational accidents. Eighty percent reported satisfactory hygienic conditions in their workplace.
While the division of labor at the clinic had not changed since the take over, administrative structures were different.

Cooperative decisions are made in large meetings. Since most professionals are not members of the cooperative, they do not participate in these meetings. However, we observed that relations and exchanges among the workers were less hierarchical.

This work was undertaken to inform the debate on the relationship between working conditions and the provision of health care. We found that the work environment impacts on health care workers as they try to provide a more equitable form of health care.
Socio-economic Stratification and Ill Health in Mexico
Authors: Ortiz Hernández Luis , Pérez-Salgado Diana
Published: January 2025

As in other societies, socioeconomic inequality in Mexico is manifested in disparities in morbidity and mortality rates among the Mexican population. Individuals living under the most precarious socio-economic conditions display higher rates of child mortality and other health conditions that are often often associated with poor economic development, such as malnutrition. Moreover, Mexicans from lower socio-economic levels also experience higher rates of weight gain, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and depression. Individuals with fewer years of education use condoms less frequently, and are also less likely to be tested for HIV; this results in higher HIV infection rates. Social inequality in health is a phenomenon that adversely affects the lower socio-economic populations of Mexico. The reduction and eventual eradication of social inequality in health should be high on the public agenda. Although institutions working in the public health sector can have an impact on reducing health inequalities, fundamental solutions are more likely found within economic, employment, social, and food assistance policies.
High HIV Prevalence Associated with Unsafe Injection Practices among Male Injecting Drug Users in Chennai City, Tamil Nadu State, India
Authors: Dinakar Chandra Pauline , Begum Roshanara , Immanuel Gifty
Published: January 2025

Substance abuse is a skyrocketting problem in India today.The intertwined epidemics of HIV/AIDS and injecting drug use are among the most emerging public health problems in India .Intravenous Drug Usage (IVDU) was found to be more prevalent among the ex-prisoners who were visiting the World Vision of India. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among a sub-sample of frequently incarcerated community-based injecting drug users (IDUs) in Chennai city, India. 180 injecting drug users were recruited and interviewed using a structured questionnaire regarding their socio-demographics and HIV risk characteristics. Datas were analyzed using χ2 and multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The prevalence of HIV infection was 69.4% among male injecting drug users. In the multivariable analysis, a history of shared drug injection inside prison (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.01-4.3) and that of multiple incarcerations (OR, 4.15; 95%CI, 1.08-8.03); and tattooing (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.80 -3.78) were associated with significantly higher prevalence of HIV infection. This study proved that incarceration-related exposures and tattooing proved to be the main correlates of HIV-1 infection. Urgent and comprehensive HIV prevention programs and cost effective rehabilitation centers for injecting drug users in and out of prison are of prime importance to prevent further transmission of HIV infection.
Developing a Truly Universal Indian Health System: The Problem of Replacing “Health for All’ with “Universal Access to Health Care”
Authors: Sengupta Amit , Prasad Vandana
Published: January 2025

India, like other countries in the developing world, is suffering from the seemingly paradoxical trends of high economic growth amongst a certain section of the population, coupled with extreme poverty and underdevelopment amongst others. This situation of extreme, obscene and growing inequity is perhaps best characterized by the failure of these countries to achieve health goals such as lowered maternal mortality, infant mortality and rates of malnutrition. ‘Health for All’ indeed remains a distant dream. Meanwhile, there has been a shift in how this problem is described and approached. The positive slogan of ‘Health for All’ is slowly being replaced by the goal of ‘Universal Access to Health Care’., At first sight, these seem deceptively similar in intent and direction, but in fact they are fundamentally different.
Gestational Malaria and Living Conditions in Turbo, Colombia
Authors: Carmona-Fonseca Jaime , Arias V. María Mercedes , Correa B. Adriana , Lemos C. Maritza
Published: January 2025

Background: The study of gestational malaria has focused on biomedical aspects and ignored social aspects.

Objectives: To describe the socio-economic characteristics of families with and without gestational malaria in Turbo (Antioquia, Colombia).

Methodology: Descriptive study using socio-economic surveys in a random sample of 84 mothers/families.

Results: There was no statistically significant differences between pregnant women with and without gestational malaria in terms of the characteristics examined. The mothers were between ages 23 ±5 years, 64% of peasant origin, 14% illiterate, 61% educated to primary school level, 17% with knowledge of a particular trade. Among the 23 % of mothers doing paid work it was marginal work in all cases; 63% were direct operators and 37% were administrators/managers; average monthly income 166,000 pesos (USD $83). Spouses/partners worked as follows: 52% miscellaneous occupations, 17% in farming; average monthly income 320,000 pesos (USD $160). Complete nuclear families were found in 77% of cases and averaged 5.4 members each. Housing: 63% family owned; 2.5 sleepers/room; 2.5 sleepers/mosquito net. There was no anti-mosquito activity in 62% of families. Drinking/cooking water: 76% use rainfall as sole or combined source. Connection to sewage system: 59%. Home environment: 71% with vegetation and flowing/stagnant water. Waste: 26% dumped on the ground/in the water.

Conclusions: The living conditions of these families are less than satisfactory. Mothers are financially dependent (80%) and those with paid employment (20%) work in marginal activities. The home environment and families’ antimalarial practices strongly favor the presence of malaria.
Comprehensive Participatory Planning and Evaluation (CPPE)
Authors: De Vos Pol , Guerra Mayda , Sosa Irma , Del R Ferrer Lilian , Rodríguez Armando , Bonet Mariano , Lefevre Pierre , Van der Stuyft Patrick
Published: January 2025

Participatory Planning and Evaluation (CPPE), an approach to community participation and empowerment developed from the work of Rifkin, LaveracK, Pérez, and others. More than just a methodology, CPPE is an approach which encourages comprehensive analysis and participation by various actors at local, regional, and national level in the planning and evaluation of health actions. CPPE has its roots in the 1980s, when an international team of researchers from the Institutes of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp (ITM-Belgium) and Amsterdam (KIT-Netherlands) developed a framework of comprehensive participatory evaluation for nutritional improvement programs. Following its initial application in the Philippines, further work extended the evaluation approach to planning. CPPE was gradually refined with the support of research teams in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Brazil as they applied it in different contexts and projects. Since 2008 projects have been carried out in Cuba to analyze the possibilities offered by CPPE for increasing community participation in health. This article illustrates the rationale and tools employed in CPPE through our experience in Cuba in the urban municipalities of Centro Habana and Las Tunas and in a rural community in the mountains of Cumanayagua. We discuss key methodological components, the conditions needed for the success of CPPE, and potential differences between the Cuban experience and the possible application of CPPE in other contexts.
Public Policies and Mental Health in Chile Today
Authors: Miranda Hiriart Gonzalo
Published: January 2025

As part of the Chilean Student movement, graduate students in the Masters Program in Clinical Psychology at the University of Chile organized a protest forum on July 13th, 2011. The protest took place on the steps of the University’s central building and was entitled “History, Public Policy, and Mental Health.” During the protest various academics made presentations and led discussions with the audience (which included pedestrians walking along Alameda Ave in the center of the city). This article is a transcription of one of those presentations. It questions the public health policies which were implemented in Chile during the last several decades and looks at their consequences.
Suppression of Dissent: What It Is and What to Do About It
Authors: Martin Brian
Published: January 2025

Critics of powerful individuals or systems are sometimes suppressed: they are attacked using various methods such as censorship, reprimands or dismissal. Suppression can cause major losses for society, for example when dangerous activities continue because criticism is squelched or inhibited. There are various ways to respond to suppression, including doing nothing, using informal methods, using formal methods, promoting legal protection, gaining support from unions and other organisations, and mounting publicity campaigns. Acting against suppression is important to protect dissenters and to help create a society in which dissent is welcome.

Key words: dissent; suppression; censorship
The Health Consequences of Speaking Out
Authors: Greaves Rosemary , McGlone John K.
Published: January 2025

People who speak out in the public interest, known as whistleblowers, often threaten vested interests. When whistleblowers suffer reprisals, as frequently occurs, the consequences for their health can be serious. Interviews with members of Whistleblowers Australia reveal that whistleblowers can experience a range of adverse psychological and physical effects, some of them quite serious. Whistleblowers use various methods to cope with these consequences, including telling their stories and seeking support from counsellors and others.

Key words whistleblowing; health; coping; well-being
Psychological/Moral Workplace Harassment: Development of an Inventory in Argentina
Authors: Bustos Villar Eduardo Mario , Caputo Marcelo Carlos , Aranda Coria Silvia Elizabeth , Messoulam Nadia
Published: January 2025

It is estimated that workplace harassment has a high incidence rate within the workforce. It generates negative health consequences and an array of psychosocial problems. The knowledge gaps on the issue make it difficult to evaluate, and create a situation of impotence for the affected workers, perpetuating a silence on the part of those subjected to these attacks. Without being identified as victims of workplace harassment, they are dealt with using non-specific approaches. The scientific evaluation of harassment is an area lacking today in Argentina. The objective is to present a process for the construction of a technique to evaluate psychological workplace harassment within our current socio-cultural context. The stages of this process are: literature review, interviews with key informants and worker-victims, creation and adaptation of an item list, review by expert judges, filtering of item list and use in pilot sample, and an analysis of the validity of items. A reliable instrument was constructed for the evaluation of the phenomenon in our context: the Inventory of Workplace Harassment (Inventario de Hostigamiento Laboral) (IWH, Bustos Villar, Caputo and Aranda Coria, 2011) composed of four scales that identify situations of harassment, those being communication, work, private life, and facilitating environment. In a second component it reveals information about characteristics of the perpetrator and the perceived consequences.

KEY WORDS: workplace harassment, inventory, Argentina
Ecosystem approach to health: the integration of work and the environment
Authors: Lawinsky Maria Luiza de Jesus , Mertens Frédéric , Sousa Passos Carlos José , Távora Renata
Published: January 2025

The dissociation of humans from nature results from the hegemony of capitalism and is expressed in the way most humans interact with their environment. This dissociation has produced imbalances that are expressed in the health of both humans and the environment. They arise from the divorce between “civilization” and the environment that sustains it and are seen in the mindless and unsustainable exploitation of natural resources for the production of material goods. Both productive activities and their negative externalities (pollution, climate change, unemployment, labor exploitation, unplanned urbanization, poverty, etc.) have serious health consequences for rural and urban environments.

The concept of environmental health presented in this paper incorporates the relations between environmental and human health, aiming to foster more systematic studies of the interconnections between environmental risk factors (such as exposure to specific physical and chemical agents) and human diseases and public health. We understand health as a process determined by a complex web of biological, social, and psychological factors that develop within a defined geographical area.

Assuming health to be a state of complete physiological and psychological wellbeing, it becomes clear that the major problems facing humanity today arise from the modern relationship between man and nature. The social welfare approach to health problems prevalent since the 19th century has not kept pace with our growing health problems. The study of occupational diseases caused by polluted workplaces has brought about a return to the old paradigm of preventing disease by promoting a healthy environment.
Global reach, local depth, and the future of health equity
Authors: Schrecker Ted
Published: January 2025

"Global Reach" was the title of one of the first popular books on the power of transnational corporations, published in 1974. Since then globalization has transformed the world to an extent that would then have been difficult to imagine. In this article I explore the effects of globalization with respect to two dimensions, global reach and local depth, and draw some rather pessimistic conclusions about prospects for the ambitious agenda advanced by the Commission on Social Determinants of Health in 2008.
Letter to the Occupy Movement: Freeing Our Physicians
Authors: Murakami Noriyuki , Patel Amit , Hamso Magni , Ackerman Avra
Published: January 2025

Open letter from members of Doctors for the 99% and Healthcare for the 99% to the greater Occupy community.
Beyond the Current Crisis: Mobilizing for Health for All: Urgent Agreement and Agenda for Life: Towards an Organic & Cohesive World Health Movement
Authors: Breilh Jaime
Published: January 2025

This talk was originally given on July 10, 2012 during the Plenary Session of the Third Assembly of the People’s Health Movement (PHM), which was held at the University of the Western Cape, Capetown South Africa (July 6 -11, 2012).
Una entrevista con el Dr. Vic Sidel
Authors: Capps Linnea , Smith Clyde Lanford (Lanny)
Published: January 2025

Una entrevista con el Dr. Vic Sidel
Systemic Failure
Authors: Wulf Andreas
Published: January 2025

This paper was originally published in German on December 27, 2013 in E+Z Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit.* The text published here is based on an English translation that was published by D+C Development and Cooperation,† the sister publica-tion of E+Z Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit.

• • •

When national healthcare systems fail, the ef-fects can be global: epidemics spread across bor-ders, causing new outbreaks of serious diseases. Ac-cordingly, health is a global public good and provid-ing good health care is an international responsibil-ity.
Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of tuberculosis mortality in San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico 1997-2009
Authors: Meza Palmeros José Alejandro , Sánchez Pérez Héctor Javier , Freyermuth Enciso Graciela , Sánchez Ramírez Georgina
Published: January 2025

Objective: To analyze the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of deceased tuberculosis patients.

Subjects: Individuals who died between 1997 and 2009 in San Cristóbal de Las Casas (San Cristóbal), Chiapas, Mexico and had previously been registered as tuberculosis patients.
Methods: All reports and death certificates from the San Cristóbal civil registry were reviewed. We identified and analyzed cases in which the cause of death was listed as tuberculosis (n=79). Socio-economic data was taken from the death certificate. To analyze the degree of social marginalization, addresses of decedents were geo-coded by Basic Geostatistical Area (BGA).

Results: Most patients dying of tuberculosis had one or more of the following characteristics: 1) they lived in an BGA with high or very high levels of social marginalization, 2) they had low educational attainment; 3) they were peasants, migrants, or housewives, and/or 4) they were not covered by so-cial security.

Conclusion: Most patients dying of tuberculosis are socially vulnerable. In order to prevent further mor-tality from tuberculosis in the suburbs of San Cristóbal, TB detection and treatment programs must be significantly strengthened amongst marginalized groups.
Mainstreaming social determinants of health (SDH) terms into the PubMed database would facilitate effective scrutiny of SDH
Authors: Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy
Published: January 2025

Background:
Scrutiny of social determinants of health (SDH) is a vital link that bridges social sciences and public health sciences. The effective scrutiny of SDH warrants scrutiny of specific social risk factors of diseases. A major handicap in the scrutiny of SDH is the lack of a strong and common platform for researchers from both social sciences and public health sciences. Improving research infrastructure with in-built provision for interface between the sciences is a pre-requisite for facilitating evidence-based research, and this includes unfettered access to searchable databases. Though there are a few databases which offer interface for both sides, at present, PubMed seems to be the only freely accessible database in this regard.

Rationale:
However, PubMed needs to be mainstreamed with more SDH terms to make scrutiny of SDH comprehensive as well as evidence-based. Improving search and retrieval strategies of the database to better extract knowledge in the broad domain of SDH is suggested.

Objectives:
This paper suggests steps to strengthen the PubMed database by mainstreaming its current features such as Automatic Term Mapping, MeSH, and the creation of an exclusive sub-set on SDH.

Summary:
Mainstreaming SDH terms into the PubMed database would facilitate effective scrutiny of SDH and the creation of an evidence-base on SDH without much investment. Research output based on an evidence-based, SDH-mainstreamed PubMed database would in turn, facilitate mainstreaming research protocols and papers, and policy and programme documents with SDH terms, thereby making scrutiny of SDH more effective. This is the first time that such a proposal for mainstreaming the PubMed database with SDH terms is being mooted. When implemented, its results are expected to be not only positive but also far-reaching across the disciplines involved in the scrutiny of SDH.
Cultural Change and Explicit Anti-fat Attitudes in a Developing Nation: A Case Study in Rural Dominica
Authors: Council Sarah Krebs , Placek Caitlyn
Published: January 2025

Research has demonstrated the negative effects of social stigma on overweight and obese individuals. Beyond a burgeoning obesity epidemic, there appears to be a globalization of negative attitudes towards obesity. This study examined anti-fat attitudes among women from the Common wealth of Dominica using a standardized psychometric scale - the Attitudes Towards Obese Persons Scale (ATOP). We examined the impact of education level, body mass index, measures of development, and media usage on perceptions of obesity. Results demonstrated that rural Dominican women have high levels of anti-fat attitudes that are trending with developing and industrialized nations. The presence of a Facebook account was significantly associated with ATOP scores. There were significant interaction effects among Facebook account and age, as well as Facebook account and garden work. These findings suggest that online social networking increases anti-fat attitudes among women who are young and non-traditional.
Book Review of "Global Health Law" by Lawrence O. Gostin
Authors: Harris Rebecca Arden
Published: January 2025

A Book Review of “Global Health Law” by Lawrence O. Gostin.
Maternal care during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period in primary care units, Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Pintado Azalia , Sachse Matthias , Lastra Zaira
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The care provided to Mexican women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period is imbued with deep inequalities and inequities. These problems are seen in both the access to and the quality of maternal health services. They stem from the poverty, marginalization, and discrimination experienced by Mexico’s indigenous peoples.

Research Question: This study was conducted to identify situations that might compromise the quality of healthcare provided to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.

Methods: This was a descriptive study examining the obstetric and post-partum care provided in two public clinics located in rural areas within the municipality of Oaxaca de Juarez, the capital of Oaxaca state. Standardized surveys and direct observation were used to collect data. Data was inputted into an Excel spreadsheet in order to obtain descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages).

Results: Specific human and reproductive rights are denied to women receiving care at the two health centers. These violations include the right to equal treatment, non-discrimination, access to infor-mation, respect for their physical integrity, health, and reproductive autonomy.

Discussion: The human rights violations documented in this paper emphasize the importance of studying obstetric care across the continuum and not simply limiting health system evaluation to compliance (or non-compliance) with regulations or established standards. These violations are the product of a complex framework within which institutional violence and gender violence interact.
Efficacy of seawater for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Valencia Chávez María de la Luz , Soler Terranova Wilmer , Rosique Gracia Javier , Morales Múnera Olga
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of diluted seawater (SW) nasal lavage and ingestion in the treatment of symptoms of allergic rhinitis, including nasal discharge, in children (2-6 years) compared with physiological “normal” saline solution (NS) as a control.

Methods: Controlled, triple-blind, randomized clinical trial of 164 children with allergic rhinitis, drawn from schools and health centers located in areas with low socioeconomic status. Children were divided into two treatment groups: SW and NS. Clinical variables were evaluated at the beginning of the trial and at weeks 2 and 12. At the beginning and the end of the study an anthropometric growth check was performed.

Results: 16 of the 164 children left the study early. There were 83 subject in the SW arm and 81 in the NS arm. In weeks 2 and 12, both groups achieved significant reductions in rhinorrhea (p
Medical Students and Community in Southern Brazil: An Experience in Reciprocal Empowerment
Authors: Floss Mayara , Khoo Su Ming
Published: January 2025

Brazil’s Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS) is rooted in the 1988 Citizen’s Constitution. Universal health reforms, inspired by Freire’s legacy of popular education, embody the struggle within Brazilian society against authoritarianism and inequality, and for democratization. “Controle social” (the participation of the public in management and oversight) is a key principle governing the system. It is a broad term that encompasses government accountability to communities, health self-agency, community participation, and local empowerment. “Controle social” is institutionalized through Health Councils, which are set up at the local, municipal, state, and national levels. This article examines the experiences of the Health Education League, a project that brought together medical students from the Federal University of Rio Grande and residents of the Barra fishing community, and used Freirean principles to co-construct knowledge and empowerment in health. It describes the community’s efforts to establish a participatory local Health Council as a means of improving primary care and embedding the right to health. These efforts at empowerment succeeded in establishing a Strategic Family Health Basic Health Unit in the community, however “controle social” through a local Health Council has yet to be fully attained. In this case, popular education represented a qualitative key that “unlocked both sides of the door” to reciprocally empower communities and student health practitioners.
Indemnización y responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado en el marco del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Barcelona Llop Javier
Published: January 2025

Esta monografía examina un aspecto específico de la tutela europea de los derechos y libertades que, aunque pueda parecer secundario frente al contenido principal de las sentencias del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos (la constatación de una vulneración del Convenio), tiene una gran relevancia práctica: las indemnizaciones que el Tribunal reconoce a las víctimas como forma de reparación efectiva.

El estudio se inicia con una visión general del artículo 41 del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos, que constituye el marco a través del cual el Tribunal canaliza las demandas indemnizatorias de quienes acuden a él en busca de amparo frente a transgresiones cometidas por las autoridades nacionales. Este artículo es fundamental para entender el papel de las indemnizaciones como mecanismo complementario de protección.

En los capítulos posteriores, la obra analiza casos concretos en los que se concede indemnización, tales como:

Violaciones del derecho a la vida y de la prohibición de tortura, tratos inhumanos o degradantes (artículo 2 del Convenio).
Privaciones de libertad indebidas (artículo 5.5 del Convenio).
Errores judiciales (artículo 3 del Protocolo número 7).
Vulneraciones del derecho de propiedad (artículo 1 del Primer Protocolo Adicional).

A través de este análisis, la obra ofrece una visión integral de cómo las indemnizaciones otorgadas por el Tribunal de Estrasburgo contribuyen a garantizar una reparación real y efectiva para las víctimas de violaciones de derechos humanos.
Avanços, Desafios E Estratégias Em Terapias De Feridas: Abordagens Conservadoras, Tecnológicas E Biopoliméricas
Authors: Teixeira Pedro Henrique Moura , Barbosa Veronice Quieli Cavalheiro , Mesquita Fillipe Eduardo Amorim , Barreto Luan Cruz , Valerio Elry Cristine Nickel , Cavalcante Maryane Francisca Araújo de Freitas , Fernandes Marcos Roberto , Mesquita Fillipe Eduardo Amorim , Lopes Rafaela de Souza , Ferreira Vanessa de Faveri
Published: January 2025

Wound treatment represents a significant clinical challenge, requiring strategies that combine traditional approaches and technological innovations. The article analyzes advances in vacuum dressings, biopolymers and nanotechnology-based materials, promoting faster and more effective healing. The research used an integrative literature review with databases such as PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect, covering publications between 2019 and 2024. The results highlight significant advances in the use of vacuum dressings, biopolymers and nanotechnology-based materials, promoting faster and more effective healing. Despite this, challenges remain, such as personalizing treatments and adapting biopolymers to different needs. The combination of traditional methods and emerging technologies has the potential to optimize care, accelerate tissue regeneration and improve patients' quality of life. The study concludes that integrated and multidisciplinary approaches, combined with new technological developments, are essential to overcome the barriers in the treatment of complex wounds.
KONTRAK SEWA MENYEWA LAHAN PERSAWAHAN DENGAN PEMBAYARAN BERDASARKAN HASIL PANEN PERSPEKTIF MAZHAB SYAFI’I DI MASYARAKAT BANJAR HULU
Authors: Hasan Husaini
Published: January 2025

Salah satu kegiatan masyarakat banjar pahuluan yang ada di Kalimantan Selatan salah satunya di Desa Pawalutan Kecamatan Banjang Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan sering melakukan transaksi sewa menyewa tanah persawahan untuk bercocok tanam padi bagi sebagian masyarakat yang tidak mempunyai lahan persawahan untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan bercocok tanam padi. Dalam hukum islam, sewa menyewa dibenarkan asal syarat dan rukun terpenuhi. Sehingga kegiatan sewa menyewa yang dilakukan di Desa Pawalutan tersebut sangat penting diteliti agar jelas apakah sesuai dengan hukum islam, dan apakah terpenuhi rukun dan syaratnya. Dalam penelitian ini jenis penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan yang dilakukan adalan kuantitatif. Temuan dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa kegaitan sewa menyewa yang dilakukan sesuai dengan rukun sewa menyewa menurut mazhab syafi’i yaitu : pelaku akad meliputi pemilik dan penyewa, objek yang disewakan meliputi biaya dan manfaat, dan ijab qabul. Hal ini tergambar dari kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu penyewa datang kepada pemilik tanah atau sebaliknya yaitu si pemilik mencari orang yang ingin menyewa tahan, kemudian diskusi tentang keadaan lahan dan tanaman yang akan ditanam serta lokasi lahan persawahan, kemudian dilakukan persetujuan dengan membayar sewa melalui hasil panen dengan ketentuan 1 borongan (100 M²) sebesar 1 blek (20 liter) dengan jangka waktu satu kali bercocok tanam.
MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PERDAMAIAN
Authors: Raidhatun Nisa
Published: January 2025

Indonesia merupakan suatu bangsa yang dikenal dengan semboyan Bhineka Tunggal Ika yang maknanya sendiri meskipun berbeda-beda tetapi tetap memiliki satu tujuan. Kemajemukan ini terlihat dari agama, bahasa, adat, agama, dan pola sosial di setiap daerahnya.  Namun, untuk menyatukan banyak perbedaan tidak semudah membalikkan telapak tangan, tentu saja akan terjadi bentrok opini antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kebijakan kita untuk menyikapi hal demikian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bahwa pentingnya pemahaman dan pengimplementasian moderasi beragama di dalam masyarakat, terutama masyarakat multikultural seperti di Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman agar tidak berperilaku intoleransi dan pentingnya menciptakan perdamaian, kesatuan, dan persatuan di tengah perbedaan dengan menerapkan nilai moderasi beragama. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kepustakaan, dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu yang bersumber pada buku-buku, jurnal, dan website yang berkaitan dengan moderasi beragama. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa di dalam kehidupan masyarakat kultural diperlukan pemahaman dan kesadaran untuk menghargai perbedaan dan berinteraksi dengan siapapun secara adil tanpa membedakan. Sikap moderasi beragama seperti toleransi, mengakui adanya pihak lain, dan menghormati perbedaan pendapat tanpa memaksakan kehendak lewat kekerasan begitu diperlukan agar terciptanya perdamaian.
SPRITUAL RECOVERY DAN REINTEGRATION PECANDU NARKOBA
Authors: Muhammad Syuhrawardi  , Badruddin
Published: January 2025

Penyalahgunaan narkoba merupakan masalah yang semakin meluas di Indonesia, dengan dampak yang merusak baik secara individu maupun sosial. Dalam pandangan Islam, narkoba dikategorikan sebagai khamar, yang secara tegas dilarang karena sifatnya yang merusak akal dan moral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendekatan spiritual dan reintegrasi dalam rehabilitasi pecandu narkoba dari perspektif Islam. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analisis, yang melibatkan kajian literatur dan analisis terhadap konsep pemulihan spiritual dalam Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan spiritual dalam bentuk taubat, sholat, dzikir, dan puasa dapat efektif dalam membantu pecandu narkoba untuk pulih dan mengintegrasikan diri kembali ke masyarakat. Proses reintegrasi juga penting untuk memastikan bahwa mantan pecandu dapat kembali hidup normal dan produktif, dengan dukungan dari keluarga, masyarakat, dan pemerintah. Pendekatan ini tidak hanya memperbaiki kesehatan fisik dan mental pecandu, tetapi juga memperkuat iman dan moralitas mereka, yang merupakan kunci untuk pemulihan jangka panjang.
Pengaruh Brand Image, Brand Awareness, dan Product Quality Terhadap Repurchase Intention Produk Skincare Skintific
Authors: Galuh Malakiano  , Mirzam Arqy Ahmadi
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai dampak citra merek, kesadaran merek, dan kualitas produk terhadap niat konsumen untuk membeli ulang produk skincare Skintific. Populasi penelitian meliputi pengguna produk skincare Skintific di area Surakarta, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui distribusi kuesioner daring menggunakan Google Form. Proses analisis data dilakukan dengan program SmartPLS 3.0. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan pendekatan Partial Least Square (PLS) melalui dua tahapan, yakni evaluasi model luar dan model dalam. Hasil analisis mengungkapkan bahwa citra merek, kesadaran merek, dan kualitas produk memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli ulang produk skincare Skintific.
Możliwość ograniczania handlu równoległego produktami leczniczymi przez podmioty odpowiedzialne w świetle prawa konkurencji
Authors:   Instytut Nauk Prawno-Administracyjnych WPiA UW, Mądry Mateusz
Published: January 2025

Handel równoległy produktami leczniczymi jest zagadnieniem niezwykle istotnym ze względu na skalę jego prowadzenia. Z uwagi na fakt, iż uderza on w obowiązki zapewnienia stałych dostaw i interesy ekonomiczne producentów produktów leczniczych, którzy definiowani są jako podmioty odpowiedzialne, podejmują oni rozmaite działania mające na celu ograniczenie jego skali. Działania te obejmują odmowę dostaw, stosowanie systemu podwójnych cen i systemu dystrybucji bezpośredniej. Natomiast ograniczanie handlu równoległego przez producentów budzi wątpliwości pod względem zgodności z prawem konkurencji. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza możliwości ograniczania handlu równoległego. Artykuł zwieńczony jest oceną dotychczasowego stosowania reguł konkurencji oraz próbą przedstawienia własnego stanowiska.
A base Bíblica do Conceito de Justiça redistributiva em Mt 5,6
Authors: de Oliveira Frecheiras Marta Luzie , Sleutjes Luiz Albertus
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo parte da investigação do conceito bíblico de justiça distributiva em Mt 5,6 e Mt 5,45. A gramática da ética divina presente na casa comum (LS, n. 94) inspira à conversão e à nova práxis justa. São dois os significados do termo grego dikaiosýne (justiça), presente no Novo Testamento: a justiça redistributiva e relacional. O primeiro significado é essencial para o povo judeu cuidar do órfão, da viúva e dos desamparados. Já o segundo é mais pragmático e individual. Além disso, o critério para a justiça de nossos atos é o impacto das nossas ações nas outras pessoas. Portanto, sem a devida compreensão dos dois sentidos de justiça é praticamente impossível que haja a concretização da fraternidade no mundo e o bem comum efetivo. A misericórdia é a chave “práxica” da justiça, porque desencadeia novos processos de reintegração, numa conversão sistêmica do pecado ecológico.
Marshalling McLuhan’s Tetrad in Soundscape Composition: A Focus-Group Approach to Music-Based Research
Authors: Azzano Maurice
Published: January 2025

This study was conducted to examine novel ways that soundscape composition may inform a specific community from an acoustic perspective. The purpose of this paper is four-fold: 1) to explore qualitatively ways that soundscape composition can extend knowledge through a music-based approach to research; 2) to expand the definition of an acoustic community; 3) to provide strategies for implementing Marshall McLuhan’s model of the Tetrad (his Laws of Media) in phenomenological inquiry; and 4) to examine alternative strategies for music-based research.
MARSHALL McLUHAN: AN ANTHOLOGY CONCORDANCE / CATALOG OF HIS REPRINTED ESSAYS
Authors: Kuhns William
Published: January 2025

This is a catalog of published essays written by Marshall McLuhan.
Walter J. Ong, Charles Taylor, and the Age of Romanticism
Authors: Farrell Thomas J.
Published: January 2025

In my 20,762-word essay, I present an ambitious account of the life and work of the American Jesuit Renaissance specialist and cultural historian and pioneering media ecology theorist Walter J. Ong (1912-2003; Ph.D. in English, Harvard University, 1955). In addition, I succinctly highlight two books by the Canadian Catholic philosopher Charles Taylor (born in 1931; doctorate in philosophy, Oxford University, 1961): (1) The Language Animal: The Full Shape of the Human Linguistic Capacity (2016); and (2) Cosmic Connections: Poetry in the Age of Disenchantment (2024) – both published by Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. In my discussion of Taylor’s new 2024 book Cosmic Connections, I especially highlight his chapters on Gerard Manley Hopkins and T. S. Eliot. In the text of my lengthy essay (pp. 1-44), I frequently list related works of interest. I hope that you feel the force of my associations. In any event, my alphabetized list of “References” at the end of my essay is rather lengthy (pp. 45-56).