bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity of corncob liquid smoke and traditional to smoked milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsk) during frozen storage
Authors: Setyastuti Aryanti Indah , Ayu Rr. Nurina , Sarmin Sarmin
Published: October 2023

Smoking is the one of the efforts to maintain the quality of smoked fish. Phenol compounds in smoke can act as natural antioxidants to inhibit the lipid oxidation. Milkfish has a high lipid content after protein, that can undergo lipid oxidation during processing and storage. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of antioxidant activity on different smoking methods and storage time for 28 days at freezing temperature on the quality of smoked milkfish. Corn cob liquid smoke was used due to phenol content as an antioxidant. The design used in this study was a factorial completely randomized design which consisted of two factors. The first factor is the difference in smoking methods, corncob liquid smoke (Ac) and Traditional (Tr). While the second factor is the length of storage on day 0 (T0); day 14 (T14) and day 28 (T28). The test parameters observed were analysis of phenol content; PV; TBA; lipid content; and pH. The results of this study showed that different smoking methods and storage time at freezing temperature showed significant differences (P<0.05) on the phenol value; PV; TBA; lipid value; and pH of smoked milkfish. During storage, phenol value; lipid; and pH of smoked milkfish decreased. Meanwhile, the value of PV and TBA increased as a result of the lipid oxidation process so as to produce peroxide from detheorized fat. The PV and TBA values of smoked milkfish are still acceptable by consumers.Keywords: Antioxidant acticvity; Corncob liquid smoke; Milkfish; Traditional
MgAlSi Üçlü Alaşımının Üretimi ve in-vitro biyo Uyumluluk İncelemesi
Authors: SAĞIR Yusuf , ÇAKAL Hanife , ELMACI Esma , ÇİÇEK Bünyamin
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmada biyo uyumlu Mg metali ile birlikte Al ve Si elementlerini içeren bir alaşım üretilmiştir. Üretim işlemi indüksiyon ocağında ergiterek yapılmıştır. MgAlSi üçlü alaşımı üretim sonrasında 350C/12 saat homojenleştirme ısıl işlemine alınmıştır. Elde edilen numunelere mikro yapı incelemesi için taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılmıştır. Biyo uyumluluk incelemeleri için daldırma korozyon, potansiyodinamik korozyon ve sitotoksisite (MTT) olmak üzere 3 farklı test ile uygulanmıştır. Korozyon testleri Hank’s solüsyonu içerisinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. pH dengesi ve % canlılık oranı analizleri ile temel biyouyumluluk şartlarını taşıdığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Böylece yapının biyo malzeme olarak kullanımı tartışılmıştır.
Vulnerability of People's Beef Cattle Farming to Sustainable Livestock Development
Authors: Fadli Muhammad , Amam Amam , Harsita Pradiptya Ayu , Rusdiana Supardi
Published: October 2023

Smallholders beef cattle farming business is a small-scale livestock business that is traditionally managed and has access to limited resources but is generally run in a sustainable manner. This study aims to determine the effect of vulnerability aspects of smallholder beef cattle farming business on sustainable livestock development. The research variables consist of the influence of the vulnerability aspect (X) and the five dimensions of sustainable livestock development consisting of the ecological dimension (Y1), the economical dimension (Y2), the social and cultural dimension (Y3), the institutional dimension (Y4), and the technological dimension (Y5). The research was conducted in Purnama Village, Tegalampel Sub-District, Bondowoso District, East Java Province. The research method was carried out by observation, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and surveys. The results showed that the vulnerability aspect of smallholder beef cattle business had a negative effect on the 5 (five) dimensions of sustainable livestock development, but significantly affected the economical, social and cultural dimensions, as well as technology. The conclusion of this study is that the vulnerability of smallholder beef cattle farming business must receive attention from various parties as an effort towards sustainable livestock development.
Clínica Ampliada: qualificando a produção em saúde
Authors: Castro Rosana Cecchini de
Published: October 2023

O processo de produção de todos os volumes do Cadernos do PAAS é intimamente articulado e contingenciado pelo seu contexto, pelos desafios que surgem no cotidiano do serviço escola, pela invenção necessária de novas formas de cuidados, assim como, pelas diversas
relações, vínculos e redes constituídas a partir dos diferentes movimentos realizados pelo PAAS. Neste décimo volume não seria diferente. Ao escolher como tema a clínica ampliada, esta publicação abre espaço para um princípio do serviço, constitutivo das formas de cuidado e
dos modos de formação em saúde presentes no cotidiano do PAAS. Afirma movimentos na direção da articulação e o diálogo entre diferentes saberes buscando construir a melhor compreensão dos processos de saúde. Mais do que apoiar-se na queixa ou na centralidade da patologia, é um processo que leva em conta as condições de vida, as potencialidades, as vulnerabilidades e os riscos, a trajetória dos usuários, sua relação com os serviços de saúde, com seu território e suas redes de apoio e afeto. Este é objetivo que movimenta este volume do
PAAS, colocar a clínica em ampliação, ser espaço de compartilhamento de experiências em deriva desta posição ética de acolher a vida em suas potencialidades no trabalho em ato da assistência em saúde.
Grupo Psicoterapêutico em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial: Lugar de Ser
Authors: Basso Helena Palavro , Ribeiro Jéssica Prates
Published: October 2023

Resumo: O presente relato de experiência traz a construção exitosa do grupo psicoterapêutico Trocando Ideias inseridos na realidade de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) em uma cidade da Serra Gaúcha. Considera-se o CAPS como principal dispositivo da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) e fundamental para a legitimação da reforma psiquiátrica iniciada no Brasil na década de 70. O trabalho em
grupo é uma das principais formas de cuidado nos CAPS, sendo preferencial ao tratamento individual. A clínica ampliada visa a singularidade e a integralidade dos sujeitos, produzindo saúde e ampliando a autonomia através da construção de vínculos. Nesse sentido, considera-se os grupos como uma importante estratégia de cuidado em saúde mental
promovendo a atenção integral e humanizada. Os grupos constituem um espaço que favorece a autonomia, socialização e expressão.
Palavras-chave: CAPS. Grupo. Psicoterapêutico
Travel to The City of Jakarta Using Public Transportation
Authors: Swantari Anita , Festivalia Filma , Wicaksono Haryo , Hendradewi Savitri , Haryono Joko
Published: October 2023

This research aims to find out which tourists use public transportation provided by the DKI Jakarta Government. Public transportation is used to avoid traffic jams to get to tourist destinations comfortably and quickly. This research is qualitative research. The objects of this research are all public transportation places in the city of Jakarta and the seven tourist destinations most visited by tourists in Jakarta. The research was conducted by interviews and observations with the DKI Jakarta Transportation and Transportation Department and domestic and foreign tourists who use public transportation. The research results show that traveling to Jakarta using public transportation is a practical, efficient and often economical choice. Jakarta has various types of public transportation, including KRL, MRT, LRT, TransJakarta, Jaklingko, and online motorbike taxis, which can make it easier for tourists to explore various tourist attractions in this city. Jakarta has high safety standards in the field of public transportation, and passengers are expected to comply with applicable regulations and etiquette.

Keywords: Public Transportation, Tourist Destinations
Інформаційна модель цифрового індикатора диспетчерського радіолокатора виносних засобів відображення робочих місць групи керівництва польотами
Authors: Висоцький О. В. , Макаров С. А. , Поздняк В. П. , Чекунова О. М.
Published: October 2023

У роботі проводиться аналіз інформації про повітряну обстановку, стан та місцеположення повітряного судна, що повинно бути відображено на виносних індикаторах диспетчерського радіолокатора радіолокаційної системи посадки на командно-диспетчерському пункті при керуванні польотами державної авіації особами групи керівництва польотами. Визначено склад та вигляд інформаційної моделі, види інформації, яку необхідно відображати на індикаторі. Здійснено опис поля відображення радіолокаційної інформації, панелей відображення й управління, спеціальних режимів обробки та відображення радіолокаційної, цифрової та картографічної інформації. Обґрунтовано необхідність автоматизації процесів збору, обробки, зберігання та відображення інформації з підтримки прийняття рішень та динамічної метеоінформації.
Microstructure investigation of cast irons with nodular and flake graphite via nanoindentation
Authors: Petruš Peter , Barényi Igor , Majerík Jozef
Published: October 2023

The paper investigates and compares the local mechanical properties of microstructure components in grey iron EN GJL -300 and ductile iron EN GJS -500-7. The microstructure of both cast irons is analysed by LOM, and then certain microstructure components found and their local mechanical properties are investigated. Finally, the resulting nanohardness and reduced Young modulus of the components are discussed and compared between the two cast irons used. A Hysitron TI -950 gauge with Triboscan software is used to perform experiment measurements.
Dust Pollution Characteristics and Control Measures of Open Pit Coal Mine
Authors: Wu Leng , Song Ziling
Published: October 2023

In order to solve the problem of dust pollution in open-pit coal mine, this paper studies the characteristics and prevention measures of dust pollution in open-pit coal mine. Firstly, the effects of different phosphorus treatments on pH value and water-soluble phosphorus of dust polluted soil in open-pit coal mine, the effects of different phosphorus treatments on water-soluble lead and zinc, and the effects of different phosphorus treatments on the contents of exchangeable lead and zinc in dust polluted soil were analyzed. On this basis, multi-directional dust pollution control measures with public participation in construction dust supervision and control as the core are put forward. The test results show that after comprehensive treatment, the amount of dust is reduced, and the phosphorus containing substances can repair the polluted soil of open-pit coal mine, and a good soil remediation effect is achieved.
Creating relevant content using machine learning methods
Authors: Pronin Serhiy , Tsyhanok Oleksiy
Published: October 2023

Today, users generate various data when working on the Internet. As a result, there are large amounts of different information. This information can be useful for both regular users and large com-panies. One of the problems with the use of accumu-lated information is its crude, unstructured nature. In addition, different user groups do not need the entire data set, but their own target sample. To solve this problem, various software tools have been developed today. This work is devoted to solving the problem of creating relevant information sets from large arrays of data for its further use by the target audience. Goal. The development of big data analysis systems is carried out to obtain new, previously unknown information. The methodology of applying algo-rithms of work with large data sets and methods of machine learning is used, namely the pandas library for operations on a data set and logistic regression for information classification As a result, a system was built that allows the analysis of lexical infor-mation, translate it into numerical format and create on this basis the necessary statistical samples. The originality of the work lies in the use of specialized libraries of data processing and machine learning to create data analysis systems. The practical value of the work lies in the possibility of creating data analy-sis systems built.
Signal device for motor grader
Authors: Binkovska Anzhela , Dudnyk Oleksandr
Published: October 2023

Problem. Automated machines play an important role in modern construction, improving productivity, quality and safety. A signal device for road construction machines plays an important role in ensuring the efficient performance of road works. It relieves the driver of the need to continuously monitor the devices and controls of the motor grader. In this work, a signal device was proposed for continuous monitoring of the devices and controls of the motor grader. Goal. As a result of the analysis, the purpose of the study was highlighted: to design a signal device for a motor grader. Job tasks: to design a signal device for continuous monitoring of the motor grader's devices and controls. Methodology. Аutomation of construction and road machines is carried out mainly in three areas, which provide control of the spatial position of the working bodies of machines, optimization of the most energy-intensive modes of machine operation and the creation of a laser-based integrated automated process control system in construction. It was decided to design a signal device with different tones and sound effects Results. The result of the study is the design of a signal device for continuous monitoring of devices and controls of a motor grader, which makes it easy to determine the state of the controlled controls of the motor grader, even when performing several functions simultaneously. Originality. The originality lies in the fact that the signal device has different tones and sound effects (trill, siren), which make it easy to determine the state of the motor grader's controlled controls. Practical value. The signal device performs three functions: signal the height position of the blade relative to the plane necessary for the transportation of the motor grader; signal the critical angle of the blade turn relative to the direction of the motor grader; signal the critical transverse inclination of the blade.
Methods for improving the efficiency of a small forklift with an on-board steering system
Authors: Razarenov Leonid , Voronovsky Denis
Published: October 2023

In the known scientific and technical literature, insufficient attention is paid to the study of the dynamic processes of wheeled vehicles with an on-board steering system. An overview of the operation of small-sized loaders is presented. The aim of this work is to improve the methodology for calculating the parameters of the turning process and the dynamic stability of a small-sized loader with a 4x4 wheel configuration. A single-axle nonlinear mathematical model with five degrees of freedom is presented. Based on the Lagrange equations of the second kind, analytical dependencies of the machine's motion were compiled. The following main parameters were varied during the modeling process: the mass of the load to be lifted, and the position of the center of mass of the entire machine, the height of the bucket above the bearing surface, and the initial speed of the loader. The 4th order Runge-Kutt numerical method was used to solve the composite mathematical model. When comparing the calculated and experimental oscillograms, they practically coincide in terms of the main form of oscillation and the nature of the change in traction force, with a discrepancy of 11%. When the loader turns as a result of sliding the running wheels on the bearing surface, the oscillatory process is undamped and close in nature to self-oscillations. In this case, the running wheels are detached from the bearing surface, and with an increase in the outreach and height of the load, the intensity of oscillations increases and, under certain circumstances, it is possible to lose machine stability or to hit the bucket bottom against the bearing surface. When the center of mass of the loader passes through the axle of the front wheels, the machine becomes unstable. This corresponds to the maximum angle of deviation of the center of mass forward. As a criterion for the stability of a loader during a turn, it is proposed to calculate the angle of deviation of its center of mass relative to the static position. At the maximum overhang of the bucket with a full load, its value should not exceed 170.
Research of diesel bus performance when using diesel biofuel
Authors: Kovbasenko Serhii , Simonenko Vitalii
Published: October 2023

Problem. The article focuses on the use of diesel biofuel to expand the fuel base and improve ecological indicators of diesel buses. Goal. The study aimed to refine the mathematical model of bus movement in urban driving modes to determine fuel-economic and ecological indicators of the bus when using traditional diesel fuel and diesel biofuel. Methodology. Experimental studies were conducted on motor-tractor diesel 4CH11.0/12.5 (D-241) to determine its fuel economy and ecological indicators when running on both fuels, checking the adequacy of polynomial models of the diesel. Practical tests were performed on PAZ-32054 buses with diesel engines to verify the refined mathematical model on both fuels. Results. The study showed that diesel biofuel could be used in motor-tractor diesel engines without requiring any changes in their construction. However, hourly and specific consumption of diesel biofuel increased by 11-16% compared to traditional diesel fuel across a wide range of speed and load modes. The concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (CmHn) varied depending on the diesel engine's load. With an increase in the load, the concentrations of CO and CmHn were lower by 3% and 23%, respectively, compared to traditional diesel fuel. The study concludes that diesel biofuel is a practical alternative for diesel engines, which can be an important step towards improving the ecological situation in urban areas. By reducing the consumption of traditional diesel fuel, diesel biofuel can also help in diversifying the fuel base of diesel buses. Originality. The originality of the study lies in its experiments to prove the practical use of diesel biofuel in diesel engines and in demonstrating its ecological benefits. Practical value. The practical significance of the study is the possibility of using diesel biofuel in existing diesel engines without the need for major changes to the engine's construction.
Functional modeling as tool for formalizing of process of anti-virus protection in computer systems
Authors:   S.M. Shtemenko Krasnodar Higher-Education Military Academy, Stadnik A.N. , Skryl K.S. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Kupin D. S. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Korovin I. I. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Bashaeva E.R. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: October 2023

This article continues a series of articles devoted to the use of the methodical apparatus of functional modeling for the study of problems in the field of computer virology. It considers the possibility of using this device in the interests of solving an important and relevant problem for the methodology of information security - the problem of developing mathematical models that characterize the capabilities of anti-virus protection mechanisms in computer systems to prevent threats from the impact of malicious software on the information resources of these systems. A general mechanism for decomposition of the target function of anti-virus protection is presented. Its detailing into separate stages and procedures is considered. Mathematical models of the time characteristics of the stages and the objective function are given.
Comparison of Anterior and Posterior Approach Bilateral Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation for Vaginal Vault Prolapse
Authors: Şahin Fatih , Adan Ramazan
Published: October 2023

Background: We aimed to investigate the outcomes of anterior and posterior approaches in patients who underwent sacrospinous ligament fixation for apical prolapse. Methods: The study included hysterectomized women with grade ≥2 apical prolapse according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system, who presented to our center between 2019 and 2022. Out of the 48 patients included in the study, 24 underwent posterior bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation (PB-SSLF), while the other 24 underwent anterior bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation (AB-SSLF). Postoperative anatomical recurrence of anterior vaginal wall prolapse, according to the POP-Q system, was defined as follows: cystocele ≥ stage II (Aa or Ba ≥–1 cm), recurrent apical prolapse ≥ stage II (C ≥–1 cm), and posterior vaginal wall prolapse ≥ stage II (Ap or Bp ≥–1 cm). Postoperative follow-up visits were scheduled routinely at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation, and then annually. Complications were recorded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Rates in the groups were compared using the Chi-square test. Independent two-group comparisons of numerical variables were performed using the Student t-test when the normal distribution assumption was met and the Mann-Whitney U test when the assumption was not met. The significance level (alpha) was set at p < 0.05. Results: No significant difference was observed in terms of postoperative anterior recurrence between the groups that underwent bilateral anterior and posterior SSLF (16.7% each). Regarding the operation durations, the group that underwent AB-SSLF had longer operation times compared to the group that underwent PB-SSLF (80 minutes and 42.5 minutes, respectively). A higher incidence of postoperative urinary dysfunction was observed in patients who underwent anterior bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation (p = 0.012). No grade 3b or higher complications were observed according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Conclusions: AB-SSLF is an effective method in the surgical treatment of apical and anterior pelvic prolapse. However, the anterior compartment failure rate is still a limitation. Further research is required to investigate its long-term efficacy.
Novel Strategies for Preventing Dysbiosis in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Rebelo Mariana B , Oliveira Cláudia S , Tavaria Freni K
Published: October 2023

Oral diseases affect over three billion people worldwide, making it one of the most common infections. Recent studies show that one approach to reducing the risk of chronic infections, such as caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and halitosis, is to control the ecology of the oral microbiome instead of completely removing both the harmful and beneficial microorganisms. This is based on the knowledge that oral diseases are not caused by a single pathogen but rather by a shift in the homeostasis of the entire microbiota, a process known as dysbiosis. Consequently, it is of the utmost importance to implement strategies that are able to prevent and control oral dysbiosis to avoid serious complications, including heart, lung, and other systemic diseases. Conventional treatments include the use of antibiotics, which further disrupt the equilibrium in the oral microbiota, together with the mechanical removal of the decayed cavity area following its formation. Therefore, it is imperative to implement alternative strategies with the potential to overcome the disadvantages of the current therapy, namely, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. In this sense, probiotics and postbiotics have received particular attention since they can modulate the oral microbiota and decrease the dysbiotic rate in the oral cavity. However, their mechanisms of action need to be addressed to clarify and drive their possible applications as preventive strategies. In this sense, this review provides an overview of the potential of probiotics and postbiotics, focusing on their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities as well as their ability to modulate the inflammatory response. Finally, it also showcases the main advantages and disadvantages of orodispersible films—a promising delivery mechanism for both probiotics and postbiotics to target oral dysbiosis.
Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis to Reveal Red Leaf Coloration in Shiya Tea (Adinandra nitida)
Authors: Huang Runsheng , Su Yiting , Shen Haoye , Liu Wanchuan , Huang Jianxiong , Kuang Zhilin , Li Yongquan , Hui Jun’ai , Zhao Danyang , Zhang Bipei
Published: October 2023

Background: Adinandra nitida, commonly known as Shiya tea, is a healthcare drink enriched in several phenolic acids and flavonoids, with a purple-red leaf variety possessing a unique flavor and a higher economic value. However, the mechanisms underlying leaf coloration and senescence discoloration remain unknown. Methods: Here, we compared both varieties of A. nitida (purple-red leaf, RL, and green leaf, GL) at two stages of development. To make sure the difference in leaf color in these four groups, several indexes, leaf colorimetric differences, H2O2 content in leaf cells, and antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)) were measured. With the integration of metabolome and transcriptome becoming a trend, metabolites in four groups were detected using an Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) system, and the transcriptome was performed after the extraction of RNA in samples. Afterward, the activities of laccase (LAC) and peroxidase (POD) were measured for further analysis. Results: The deeper or discoloration of leaf color was not caused by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress because the H2O2 content was similar for each group. And the SOD and CAT activities improved significantly in young leaves, especially RL_young. Metabolome data showed a large shift in four groups. By focusing on the variation of flavonoids and 1079 metabolites detected in both varieties, along with the accumulation of flavonoids and tannins, proanthocyanins (PAs) were mostly accumulated in young RL. Differential analysis of expressed genes (DEGs) revealed six genes associated with leaf discoloration as hub factors, of which ANRs (ANR1 and ANR2) were positively correlated with the accumulation of PA in RL. Conclusions: Using integrate analysis of metabolome and transcriptome, our results revealed that six structural genes found in proanthocyanin biosynthesis, two reductases (ANR), two oxidative polymerases (POD64, LAC17) and two TFs (bHLH3 and MYB4) related to biosynthesis and polymerization of proanthocyanins were associated with not only the difference of GL and RL but also the faded coloration in two RL groups (RL_young and RL_old), which provided a foundation for further research on an understanding of the regulatory genes and the enzymes specific for proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, facilitating the genetic engineering of crops for beneficial metabolite accumulation.
Apigenin’s Therapeutic Potential Against Viral Infection
Authors: Lee In-Gu , Lee Jeonghyeon , Hong So-Hee , Seo Young-Jin
Published: October 2023

Several antiviral drugs are clinically approved to treat influenza that is a highly prevalent acute respiratory disease. However, emerging drug-resistant virus strains undermine treatment efficacy, highlighting the exigency for novel antiviral drugs to counter these drug-resistant strains. Plants and their derivates have been historically utilized as medicinal remedies, and extensive studies have evidenced the antiviral potential of phytochemicals. Notably, apigenin is a predominant flavonoid with minimal toxicity and substantial therapeutic effects in various disease models. Despite its many anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and other beneficial bioactivities, existing reviews have yet to focus on apigenin’s antiviral effects. Therefore, this review elucidates apigenin’s therapeutic and antiviral properties in vitro and in vivo, discussing its mode of action and future prospects. Apigenin’s remarkable inhibition by modulating multiple mechanisms against viruses has promising potential for novel plant-derived antiviral drugs and further clinical study developments.
C3aR Antagonist Alleviates C3a Induced Tubular Profibrotic Phenotype Transition via Restoring PPARα/CPT-1α Mediated Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation in Renin-Dependent Hypertension
Authors: Wang Chongjian , Wang Zhiyu , Xu Jing , Ma Hongkun , Jin Kexin , Xu Tingting , Pan Xiaoxia , Feng Xiaobei , Zhang Wen
Published: October 2023

Background: Renin-dependent hypertension with tubulointerstitial injury remains a problem with high prevalence in the clinic. However, whether and how renin participates in tubulointerstitial injury remains incompletely understood. New evidence suggests that renin cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role of renin-mediated C3a/C3a receptor (C3aR) signaling in renin-dependent hypertension-induced kidney injury and illustrate the detailed mechanisms. Methods: C3a concentration changes in serum from healthy volunteers incubated with recombinant renin were detected by ELISA. C3aR expression in human tubular epithelial cells was evaluated in renal biopsy sections from malignant arteriolonephrosclerosis and benign arteriolonephrosclerosis patients. C3aR changes in human kidney 2 (HK2) cells were detected after the cells were treated with human serum, renin and aliskiren. The C3a analogue and C3aR antagonist SB290157 were used to stimulate HK2 cells to explore the downstream signaling of C3a/C3aR activation. For in vivo studies, two-kidney, one-clipped (2K1C) hypertensive rat model was established to simulate renin-dependent hypertension conditions. C3a and C3aR expression was detected in the clipped kidneys. SB290157 was injected intraperitoneally to block C3a/C3aR signaling in 2K1C rats. Results: The results showed that renin cleaved C3 into C3a and activated C3a/C3aR signaling in tubular epithelial cells (TECs) from both humans and rats. In vitro results demonstrated that C3a/C3aR activation impaired peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)/carnitine palmitoyltransterase-1alpha (CPT-1α)-mediated mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (Mito FAO) in HK2 cells and induced HK2 cell transition to a profibrotic phenotype, which was inhibited by treatment with the C3aR antagonist SB290157. In vivo results showed that renin mRNA levels, C3a concentrations, C3aR levels and tubulointerstitial fibrosis increased concurrently in the clipped kidney cortex of 2K1C rats. Treatment with the C3aR antagonist SB290157 significantly mitigated the effect of renin induction of C3aR expression and alleviated renin-dependent hypertension-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis by improving PPARα/CPT-1α-mediated Mito FAO in TECs, as well as inhibiting tubular profibrotic phenotype transition. Conclusions: Our results prove that renin activates C3a/C3aR signaling to promote renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by impairing PPARα/CPT-1α-mediated tubular Mito FAO. SB290157 confers a potential therapeutic approach for renin-dependent hypertension-induced kidney injury.
Advances in Etiopathological Role and Control of HPV in Cervical Cancer Oncogenesis
Authors: Kombe Arnaud John Kombe , Zoa-Assoumou Samira , Bounda Guy-Armel , Nsole-Biteghe Fleury-Augustin , Jin Tengchuan , Zouré Abdou Azaque
Published: October 2023

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known oncovirus whose causal link in the occurrence and development of several cancers, such as cervical cancer (CC), has been well established. Indeed, numerous researches depicted the etiological role of HPV in CC pathogenesis in such a way as to develop efficient strategies, including early diagnoses and HPV vaccination, to mitigate HPV infection and CC occurrence. Despite the effectiveness of these strategies in preventing HPV infection, its persistence, and the progression to precancerous lesions and cancers, extensive work that could give a better understanding of other unknown factors favoring oncogenesis is much more needed. In this last decade, scarce or few but crucial and strategic studies have been carried out to improve and deepen our understanding of the etiopathological role of HPV in the progression towards the development of CC. In this review, we highlighted the recent findings on the pathological role of HPV in CC occurrence and the advances in novel adopted strategies to reduce HPV infection and prevent CC occurrence more effectively.
Alzheimer's Disease; Mechanism, Mutations, and Applications of Nano-Medicine
Authors: Maisam Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Lodhi Madeeha Shahzad , Mou Kejie , Liu Zili , Wei Dongqing
Published: October 2023

Background: In the past 10 years, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenic chain of events that causes Alzheimer’s disease (AD). According to the most widely accepted concept, the production and aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides play a critical role in AD. As a result, therapeutic intervention with these processes is the focus of intense research. The Aβ peptide is cleaved by the α-secretase, β-secretase, and γ-secretase enzymes in a region near the pathogenic amyloid precursor protein (APP) and mutations occurring site. Methods: In the current review, a complete picture of the risk factors behind AD has been investigated. Mutations involved in AD progression have also been screened in various studies. Results: Most of the mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) can lead to the accumulation of APP oligomers in the brain, leading to AD. Several point mutations in APP can cause familial AD (FAD), including the Swedish mutation (K>M670/671N>L) and the A673>V mutation. The pathogenic A673>V mutation and Swedish mutation (M670>K/N671>L) are present in the same region of amyloid precursor protein (APP). However, the A673>T mutation has been shown to confer protection against AD. Conclusion: More investigations are needed from geographically distinct regions on mutations associated with AD development and applications of nanomedicines for better management of the disease burden in the future. Nanotechnology-produced metal nanoparticles (NPs) have gotten much attention because of their wide range of uses in the medicinal and agricultural industries. Nanomedicine containing potential phytochemicals, including GX-50 and curcumin conjugated with NPs, maybe a potential candidate for treating AD.
Cognitive control adjustments are dependent on the level of conflict: A replication of Zhang et al. (2021) (PREPRINT)
Authors: Bognar Miklos , Szekely Zsuzsa , Varga Marton Aron , Kinga Nagy , Spinelli Giacomo , Hartanto Andree , Majeed Nadyanna M. , Chen Nicole Rui Ying , Gyurkovics Mate , Aczel Balazs
Published: October 2023

The congruency sequence effect (CSE) is one of the most investigated effects in the cognitive control literature. The conflict monitoring theory suggests that the CSE is the result of adjustments in cognitive control based on perceived conflict. A recent paper by Zhang and colleagues (2021) has investigated whether the manipulation of conflict level by changing distractor incompatibility in a flanker task affects the amount of adjustments in cognitive control. Their study produced mixed findings, somewhat supporting the original conflict monitoring theory, but also suggesting other explanations, such as the repetition expectancy account. We replicated the experimental design in a multisite online study (N=347), with Hungarian, Italian, and Singaporean participants. Our results supported the prediction that changes in the level of conflict trigger conflict adaptation, revealing that increasing conflict levels induced stronger adaptive control. Bayesian hypothesis testing indicated a monotonic reduction in congruency effects as a function of previous conflict strength. This finding is in line with the extension of the traditional conflict monitoring theory, as well as other theories like affective signaling and expected value of control, implying that the relationship between conflict and interference effects is gradual, rather than a binary function.
Multiple Imputation of missing values for randomized controlled trials: A step-by-step tutorial using mice
Authors: Lecuona Oscar , Angulo-Brunet Ariadna , Fernández Víctor Ciudad , Olmos Ricardo
Published: October 2023

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are a widely used research protocol in applied research. Among others, a major challenge of RCTs is the presence of missing data due to participant dropout. This leads to loss of power and estimation bias. Multiple imputation (MI) is becoming increasingly popular to deal with missing data in RCTs. However, MI can produce biased results if not carried out properly. In addition, the required assumptions and steps to develop proper MI for RCTs can be challenging. There is a scarcity of practical guidelines to implement MI for such protocols. In this article we provide a step-by-step tutorial on (1) how to assess missing data in a RCT and how to avoid common misconceptions and pitfalls, (2) how to implement MI in and RCT using the mice package, (3) how to analyze RCT data in the MI framework such as implementing linear models, comparison of effect sizes, and plotting results, and (4) how to develop sensitivity analysis to assess robustness and impact of MI. We illustrate this tutorial with a case RCT for wellbeing in social workers comparing two interventions. Limitations and extensions of the field are also addressed.
PREVIC: An adaptive parent report measure of expressive vocabulary in children between 3 and 8 years of age
Authors: Bohn Manuel , Prein Julia Christin , Engicht Jonas , Haun Daniel , Gagarina Natalia , Koch Tobias
Published: October 2023

Parent report measures have proven to be a valuable research tool to study early language development. Caregivers are given a list of words and are asked which of them their child has already used. However, most available measures are not suited for children beyond infancy, come with substantial licensing costs or lack a clear psychometric foundation. Here we present the PREVIC (Parent Report of Expressive Vocabulary in Children), an open access, high quality vocabulary checklist for German-speaking children between three and eight years of age. The PREVIC was constructed leveraging the advantages of Item Response Theory: we designed a large initial item pool of 379 words and collected data from N = 1190 caregivers of children between three and eight years of age. Based on this data, we computed a range of fit indices for each item (word) and used an automated item selection algorithm to compile a final pool that contains items that a) vary in difficulty and b) fit the Rasch (one-parameter logistic) model. The resulting task is highly reliable and shows convergent validity. The IRT-based construction allowed us to design an adaptive version of the task, which substantially reduces the duration of the task while retaining measurement precision. The task -- including the adaptive version -- was implemented as a website and is freely accessible online (https://ccp-odc.eva.mpg.de/previc-demo/). The PREVIC fills an important gap in the toolkit of researchers interested in language development and provides an ideal starting point for the development of converging measures in other languages.
The Pragmatic Analysis of the Concept of “Feminism” in Spoken Arabic Language from Saudi Adults’ Perspectives
Authors: Alharbi Suha Abdullah
Published: October 2023

This paper aimed to identify the pragmatic analysis of the concept of “feminism” in spoken Arabic from young male and female Saudi adults’ perspectives in Riyadh. The significance of this research is to increase people’s awareness of the different pragmatic analyses of the concept of feminism in the spoken Arabic language. This research is designed to answer the following research questions: RQ1: What is the pragmatic analysis of the concept of “feminism” in spoken Arabic from young male and female Saudi adults’ perspectives in Riyadh? RQ2: What are the differences between young male and female Saudi adults in terms of using the concept of “feminism” in the spoken Arabic language in Riyadh? Six Saudi young adults from the middle class participated in this research: three males and three females. The data was collected through conversation recording. After recording, the conversation was translated, transcribed, and analyzed according to pragmatics analysis and Sperber and Wilson’s Relevance Theory (1986). The findings showed eight different positive and negative pragmatic analyses of the concept of feminism. Male participants, for instance, described it as destructive and a sign of danger, whereas female participants described it as liberating and supportive. The findings showed that male participants viewed this concept negatively, whereas female participants viewed it vice versa. The researcher attributed that difference to biological, psychological, traditional, and cultural differences. This study contributes to the pragmatic field and the Saudi community by increasing awareness of the concept of “feminism.”
The Effect of Using Dictionaries in Translation Exams on the Target Text
Authors: Alfayez Hassna Mohammed
Published: October 2023

This research addresses the debate on whether translation students should use dictionaries in exams, a crucial topic in translation studies. It’s controversial because it affects translation quality; some believe dictionaries improve accuracy, while others argue they disrupt coherence. The central question is how dictionary use impacts translation quality for undergraduates. The study involved forty-eight Saudi female undergraduates translating English to Arabic. Half used dictionaries, and half didn’t. Results from error analysis revealed that dictionary users had fewer errors in meaning transfer and mechanics, highlighting their potential to improve accuracy. This research proposes a hybrid solution: allowing dictionaries in the first half of exams and banning them in the second. This approach strikes a balance between accuracy and coherence concerns. It’s a practical recommendation for educators and examiners, potentially enhancing translation education and practice.
Frequency Analysis of Transition Words in Students’ Paragraphs
Authors: FaqeAbdulla Baraat Ismael
Published: October 2023

Transitional words make any piece of writing flow logically. If properly applied, they give writing cohesion and coherence. The use of proper transitions may be difficult for non-native speakers, particularly for second and foreign language learners. This study examines how frequently students use transitional phrases in their paragraphs. Thirty-six paragraphs written by students of the Department of English-College of Education at Salahaddin University in a writing course serve as the sample of the study. Knowing how frequently transitional words appear in student-written paragraphs is the main goal of the study. Depending on the research goal, the following questions are addressed by this study: How often do students use transitional words? What kinds of transitions do they typically use? The study can help teachers guide their students toward writing more effectively by suggesting appropriate transitions. The study uses quantitative content analysis to determine the frequency of transition words in paragraphs written by first-year students. Using JASP software that recognized and recorded the frequency of transition words, the paragraphs were examined. The outcomes reveal that students employ a range of transitional words, with “and” being the most popular transition. The results imply that students know how crucial transition words are for linking ideas in their writing. To learn more about how transition words and expressions affect the general coherence and clarity of students’ writing, more research is required.
Unfurling the Idyllic Social Scenarios: A Comparative Study of the Selected Works of Elizabeth Barret Browing and Nimah Nawwab
Authors: Danish Naela , AlManea Ohood
Published: October 2023

This paper analyzes the different social scenarios envisioned and portrayed in the works of two great poets, Elizabeth Barret Browning, and Nimah Nawwab. Significantly, the main aim is to determine how both poets proved to be the pioneers who unfurled the idyllic scenarios in their spectacular eras. Consequently, not only were they recognized as trailblazers in each of their respective historical times. Further, also dynamically participated, witnessed, and reinvigorated the various facets of women’s empowerment, the development of the youth, and the shifting dynamics of gender roles. Moreover, the paper employs the new historical approach to demonstrate how their poems built bridges to connect history with their vision of a progressive society. Furthermore, selected excerpts from Aurora Leigh (1856), Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s epic novel, and selected poems from The Unfurling (2004) by Nimah Nawwab are analyzed by applying this approach. Incidentally, the paper emerged from the primary research question of comparing the prevalent themes and perspectives in these works in tandem with the biographical, societal, historical, political, and cultural backdrops. Therefore, the paper concludes by unveiling the objectives and outlooks of the two poets, which are embedded in history, making their poems alive with those tenets, principles, and dreams that are acknowledged as the hallmarks so intrinsic for fostering the values of the societies in the Victorian era and postmodern Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the paper thus attempts the comparison of two poets separated by chronology, circumstances, and social norms to come together in envisioning a highly progressive society as displayed in their works.
Translation of Substitution and Ellipsis by Professional Translators and Translators in Training: A Contrastive Study
Authors: Aldosari Abdullah
Published: October 2023

Creating a coherent and logically connected text requires the effective use of cohesive devices. Accurate translation of cohesive devices is essential to preserve the intended meaning of the original text. The present study investigates errors made by professional translators and novice translators when translating substitution and ellipsis from English into Arabic. Specifically, the study aims to answer the research question: What are the errors made by professional translators and translators in training when translating substitution and ellipsis? To gather data, the researcher conducted a survey and included a sample of both professional translators and translators in training. The results show that both groups had difficulty accurately translating substitution and ellipsis. The most prevalent errors included preserving the English sentence structure, omitting the cohesive device entirely, and modifying the meaning of the original text. Notably, both groups found identifying and translating ellipses particularly challenging, which led to errors in the final translation. Experienced translators produced higher quality translations than novice translators, indicating the significant impact of experience on the translation process. Based on the findings, the study recommends providing targeted training on cohesive devices through practical exercises to improve accuracy and offer more opportunities for practice in a supportive environment. Addressing these challenges can enhance the quality of translations and preserve the meaning of the original text.