bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Conversion of Plastic Waste in Old Landfill to Fuel
Authors: Charnnok Boonya , Kirirat Pairoj , Chaiprapat Sumate
Published: May 2014

This work aimed to investigate the potential of plastic waste in old landfill as a resource to produce pelletized RDF. Old landfill contents at different ages of 4-5, 5-10 and over 10 years old were excavated and sorted. The combustible part consisted mostly of plastics at 34.0, 21.9 and 22.1% at younger to the older age in order. The non-combustible part composted of soil-like material from 63.8 to 76.3% which made up of daily cover soil and organic debris. High calorific value of the plastic waste of 33.11-43.41 MJ/kg was not diluted by the mixing of binder. Heated compaction method was used in the formation of RDF pellets in this study. Bulk density was linearly increased with higher compaction pressure (R2 = 0.9655). Besides, the vertical compressive strength of the formed pellets increased by 82 kg/cm2 when the compaction pressure changed from 7 to 21 kg/cm2 and started to decrease when it was above 21 kg/cm2. Meanwhile the horizontal compressive strength was rather stable and appeared independent of the compaction pressure. Calorific value of the RDF produced was high because no binder of lower calorific value was used, enabling it to meet the specified European standard for its calorific value.
A Study of Effects of Stochastic Wind Power and Load to Power System Stability Using Stochastic Stability Analysis Method
Authors: Parinya Panom , Sangswang Anawach , Kirtikara Krissanapong , Chenvidhya Dhirayut , Naetiladdanon Sumate , Limsakul Chamnan
Published: May 2014

The stochastic stability analysis method is proposed in this paper to investigate the small signal stability (SSS) of the single machine infinite bus power system. An induction generator wind turbine model is examined including frequency dependent load. The first integral energy function method is applied based on Lyapunovs stability and the theory of stochastic stability. This proposed method can investigate effects of stochastic wind power and load quantitatively while the general deterministic methods cannot.
Performance Evaluation of Concatenate Coding for Body Area Network Applications
Authors: Sansoda Buncha , Choomchuay Somsak
Published: May 2014

In digital communications, since it is of importance that the receiving data is identical to the transmitted data, the error correcting code is one good solution to maintaining the information accuracy between the transmitter and the receiver. This research paper proposes the application of the error correcting code to Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). The error correcting code in this research work is the concatenate code of the Reed-Solomon code (RS) and the convolutional code (CC). Information data in WBAN with the Rician channel condition is modulated with the Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) scheme. In addition, the path loss of WBAN is examined. The Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels are employed for comparison purposes to illustrate the effects on bit error performance of different channel environments. The RS code is an outer code while the convolutional code an inner code. The findings show that the concatenate code performs better than the single codes, i.e. RS and CC. At BER 10-3, the concatenate code {RS(255,223)+CC(171,133)} is better than either RS(255,223) at 5dB or CC(171,133) at 1.5dB. If the inner code is changed to CC(7,5) at BER 10-3, the performance is reduced by approximately 0.6dB. Thus, the coding complexity can be tailored according to the desired error correcting capability.
The Flashover Phenomena due to Water Drops on Insulating Surface under DC Electric Field
Authors: Chandavong Sackthavy , Tonmitra Kittipong , Kaewrawang Arkom
Published: May 2014

This paper presents the flashover between the electrodes conducted the current by the water drop on insulating surfaces. It causes ageing to the insulator and leads to deterioration when the insulator is used for over years. In the experiments, epoxy resin with the water drop is tested by using direct current until flashover of 70 kV. Besides that, the effect of the water volume, the number of the water drop and the water types - tap and aqua water on flashover are investigated. The flashover of tap water grows faster when increases the volume of water drop. The flashover of aqua water does not depend on the volume of water drop. The deformation and elongate of water drop is in the direction of electric field line. The results lead to protect the damage of insulator caused by the humidity and the loss of their efficiency insulators.
The Main Obstacles to Popularizing the Building Life Cycle Cost Method in China and the Solving Strategies
Authors: Xie Hao , Wu Jing
Published: May 2014

Life Cycle Cost (LCC) method can not only help users make economic decisions on a construction project, but also have a positive effect on popularizing building energy-saving technologies and reducing building energy consumption. However, LCC has not received due attention in China. This paper analyzes the main obstacles to popularizing LCC in China and explores the solving strategies of promoting LCC in China by means of the functional process theoretical model.
Performance Evaluation of a Wind Power-Augmented Device on an Onsite Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Wind Turbine
Authors: Chong Wen Tong , Fazlizan Ahmad , Yip Sook Yee , Leung Micheal K. H. , Poh Sin Chew
Published: May 2014

This paper presents an idea on generating green energy by extracting discharged wind energy from a cooling tower. Two vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) integrated with a wind power-augmentation device are installed above a cooling tower to harness unnatural wind for electricity generation. The wind power-augmentation device is built with several guide-vanes and diffuser-plates to improve the performance of the VAWTs. Guide-vanes are designed to create a venturi effect and guide the on-coming wind stream to an optimum flow angle which is matched to the optimum angle of attack of the VAWTs. Diffuser-plates are tilted at an optimum angle to draw more wind and accelerate the discharged airflow. From the laboratory test, the VAWTs performance was increased by 7 – 8 % when guide-vanes and diffuser-plates are installed at their optimum angle. The correct matching of VAWTs for this system is expected to generate electricity at their rated power constantly when the cooling tower is in operation. This system can contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases emission and conservation of the environment for a healthier life since fossil fuel consumption for energy generation is reduced as well as efficient use of energy.
Designers’ Willingness Assessment to Use Recycled and Salvaged Materials in Landscape Architecture
Authors: Balador Zahra , Raeisi Zahra
Published: May 2014

Using salvages and reused materials is an effort to conserve energy and other resources, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions; on the other hand, these materials cost a fraction of the price of new. The information generated by this study revealed several useful material management guidelines. Statistical results shows that designers who are educated about these products and how they can be used, are interested in using recycled materials, and can potentially decrease the amount of trash being produced on a much larger level. All information was obtained from product brochures, manufacturer websites, visiting construction sites, statistical analysis and conversations with designers.
Extreme Value Analysis and Joint Densities of Wind Directionality, Wind Speed and Wave Height for Malaysian Waters
Authors: Termizi Wan Sharil Ahmad , Liew Mohd Shahir
Published: May 2014

Prediction of extreme environmental loadings is crucial in the design of offshore platforms. Combinations of independent 100-year loadings are usually used assuming that it will bring the maximum value that is suitable for the design. It is rather impossible for such independent combinations to occur at the same time. Addressing this issue requires approaches in two methods. The first would be to find the probabilities of joint effect of these parameters, while the second would be to forecast the extreme value of each parameter. Joint densities and extreme value analysis have become available due to significant advancements in fluid dynamics and computer science. By using the combination of these two techniques, the actual loading of wind and wave can be obtained, leading to optimum and robust design.
Climatic-Adaptability Solution in Traditional Architectural of Desert Areas of Iran/Kashan
Authors: Masoumian Fatemeh
Published: May 2014

Nowadays, the shortages of fossil based energy on the earth and the pollution caused by using them is a noticeable problem that people are challenging with. As a result, human try to use natural resources vastly instead of fossil-based ones to reduce their consumption dramatically. In this circumstance, the role of architects are more important than ever in reducing the need for energy by proper designing likewise the past construction history. Green building design criteria emphasizes the energy-efficient performance of fenestration materials. Iran is a country comprising of four main different climatic areas. Selecting materials and using proper techniques for a building project is a challenging task in each part. Ancient buildings were built by different materials, techniques and forms in different parts of this country. One of the main parts of climatic areas in Iran is the hot and dry climates such as deserts. The appropriate materials and techniques which were used in ancient buildings in this part of the country to make this area comfortable for people will be investigated in this paper. Moreover, the buildings of Kashan, located in the desert part of Iran, will be mentioned as case study.
Test Study of Transverse Prestressed Tendons (TPTS) on the Mechanical Performance of Hollow Slab Bridge
Authors: Liang Dong , Li Peng Fei , Li Sha
Published: May 2014

Structural defects and heavy traffic make the hollow slab bridge serious diseases, such as “Single Beam Bearing”. Transverse prestressed tendons (TPTS for short) is an effective methods to solve this problem. A detailed test study of hollow slab bridge modeled by plexiglass with TPTS is done in this article. The analysis parameters include the TPTS’ layout and the value of prestress. The test results show that TPTS can effectively even the transverse load distribution, and improve the integrity of bridges.
Effects of Eccentric Load on Un-Strengthen and CFRP Strengthened RC Beams
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Shafiq Nasir , Akbar Ibrisam
Published: May 2014

CFRP strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams are usually tested under either three points or four point concentric loads; the effect of eccentricity is neglected in many studies. In this experimental program eight RC beams tested in two groups, GROUP ‘A’ & ‘B’. In group ‘A’ four RC beam tested, one control beam tested under concentric load and three under the eccentricity of 40, 60 and 80 mm respectively. The remaining four RC beams in group ’B’ strengthened using carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) strip and tested under the 60mm eccentricity. The experiment has confirmed the behaviour transformation from flexure failure to local failure due to variation in eccentricity. Therefore, the effects of eccentricity cannot be neglected and required special consideration before applying strengthening scheme on RC beam. The RC beams strengthen using CFRP have the ability to enhanced the load carrying capacity of beams tremendously, but the eccentric load effect on ductility, and failure mode of RC beams.
Towards a Green Building: Opportunities and Challenges in Lebanon
Authors: El-Aby Mohammed Farouk
Published: May 2014

Due to the current resource depletion rates, as well as the growing need toward energy and water efficiency, Governments and the private sector adopted the concept of the Green Building, given the fact that buildings are responsible for energy and raw materials on a large scale. That need is clearly manifested in the developing countries facing energy efficiency challenges. Hence, this research highlights the efforts of the governmental and the non-for-profit organizations; represented by Lebanese Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Energy and Water, Lebanon Green Building Council (LGBC) and funded by the International Finance Corporation of the World Bank. The research summarizes the opportunities and challenges of adopting this concept to the benefit of Lebanon and other countries undergoing the same circumstances and facing the same challenges. In the process of reaching a conclusion, the researcher adopted the analytical and the case study methods through two main axes. The former attends to the theoretical studies which include the definition, the principles, the benefits and the global and local rating system of the Green Building. The latter axis addresses the Lebanese experiment through the review of the Opportunities and the Challenges facing the Green Building in Lebanon, and the ARZ Building Rating System. It also illustrates and analyzes a pioneering project in Lebanon that employed the green building patterns, the Ammiq Eco-Restaurant in Bekaa region. The paper is concluded by a set of recommendations that can be the foundation for similar experiences aspiring for adopting the green building as a cornerstone in the arena of sustainable development.
Public Housing in Bandung an Assessment and Approaches through Urban Physics
Authors: Paramita Beta , Fukuda Hiroatsu
Published: May 2014

High density of population and vertical buildings seems to be the only aspect fit to the concept for city in the developing country. The vertical housings then become a matter of necessity in high density area, in which the building groups themselves significantly contribute to microclimate at urban scales. This study is going to give descriptions of outdoor thermal comfort of public housing in Bandung by means its correlation between urban forms and mean radiant temperature. A number of simulations have used ENVI-met to reveal a better urban form which addresses the role of urban physics in the study of outdoor thermal comfort in a hot humid climate area.
Landscape Design as Part of Green and Sustainable Building Design
Authors: Hussain Mohd Ramzi Mohd , Nizarudin Norhanis Diyana , Tukiman Izawati
Published: May 2014

This paper presents the theoretical review of the importance of landscape design in the execution of green and sustainable buildings as a trend of current development concept. Instead of beautifying the environment, strategic landscape design may help to prevent from extensive building heat gain, reduce the energy and water consumption as well as produce the natural and healthy ambience to the surrounding. Landscape design in green buildings should be viewed as not just mere decorative afterthought but it must be well conceived as a multi-function factor that provides various critical green services for a building including water efficiency and energy efficiency. The framework covers two main aspects which are green wall or vertical landscape design and roof top garden. The aim of the paper is to highlight the demand for the proper landscape design that should be provided in any development of sustainable buildings. It is hoped that the paper will contribute to further enrich the landscape design innovation as part of green and sustainable building design.
Technological Approaches to the Threat of Climate Change for Greener Environment in Nigeria
Authors: Jogana Musa Ali , Jibril Jibril Danazumi , Abubakar Bashir Sabo
Published: May 2014

Climate change is a phenomenon of great sensitivity which becomes a global issue that requires a concerted solution. This paper is interested in the resultant effects of average global temperature variation leading to greenhouse effects to the global environment particularly in Nigeria. Natural events and human activities are believed to be the major contributing factors that fuelled the increase in average global temperature, as a result, it leads to the greenhouse emission of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) due to the burning of fossil fuels. This emerged as a challenge to the eco-environment and sustainable development. Technological approaches were drawn from the academic literature to enlighten the polluters to immediately begin to reduce greenhouse gas emission, if the rise in global temperature is to be held in check to avoid drastic consequences later.
An Integrated Energy Strategy for the Optimization of Retrofit Actions in Urban Planning
Authors: Falcone Ilaria , Grimaldi Michele
Published: May 2014

This research work aims at providing a methodology to analyze quantitatively energy sustainability of existing urban fabric and creating an urban energy system model as a decision support tool for the urban planning processes. Spatially resolved energy demand allows the identification of critical areas of energy consumption (CECA), in particular, a local-type spatial analysis has been adopted, GIS based, using a Kernel density estimation (KDE) and maps algebra. Within the CECA a simulation of energy consumption on an annual base for a representative building was carried out, in order to explore and estimate limits and vulnerabilities and to propose a hierarchy of energy-savings measures, addressing different scales of criticality in urban energy systems, from the city to district and block level.
“Conventional” and “Ceiling Mounted” Personalized Ventilation – The Dynamic Effects of a Moving Person on Personal Exposure Effectiveness
Authors: Yang Bin , Sekhar Chandra
Published: May 2014

Ceiling mounted personalized ventilation (PV) aims to provide clean outdoor air into breathing zone of occupants directly without affecting indoor aesthetics. High momentum, at outlet of PV air terminal device (ATD), is utilized in order to avoid inducing more ambient air and let more personalized air come into breathing zone. In steady state, its performance depends much on the ceiling mounted ATD because supply air momentum, other than buoyancy effects and ambient air flow, is the major driving force in the micro-environment of occupied zone. In dynamic state, the movement of a person near PV ATD causes entrainment or detrainment effect, which can be regarded as another comparable factor influencing ceiling mounted PV performance. A typical office workplace consisting of either ceiling mounted PV ATD or conventional PV ATD and ambient air supply diffuser is simulated. One person is assumed to be seated and another moving person is simulated by dynamic meshes in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Simulations at moving person velocities of 0.5, 1 and 1,5 m/s and distance between seated person and moving person of 0, 0.2, 0.4m are performed. A new index, computational personal exposure effectiveness, is utilized to assess the performance of the PV ATD in regard to inhaled air quality under the influence of moving person. According to numerical results, the stability of ceiling mounted PV, under dynamic environment with moving person, is better than that of conventional PV although the personal exposure effectiveness (PEE) is lower than that of conventional PV with the same personalized air flow rate in steady state.
The Influence of Ventilation on Reducing Temperature in Subtropical Dwellings via Enthalpy
Authors: Huang Chih Hong , Lee I Yang , Yu Shu Chuan
Published: May 2014

The study was conducted under the humid condition of subtropical climate to investigate the correlation between the cooling effect linked with ventilation and space utility of building dwellings. The electric oil-filed radiator heater was utilized to simulate indoor thermal source to carry out the experiment on ventilation at the exchange rate of 0.1m3/s per hour within a dwelling space measured of 47.3m3 and hourly record of changes to temperature, humidity and air enthalpy was performed. The result revealed that as far as the subtropical humid climate is concerned, dehumidifying efficiency of indoor ventilation was found better than cooling efficiency. Whether the thermal source was produced in the indoor space or not, the indoor absolute humidity reduced with the existence of ventilation and it reached the balance of outdoor air. It represented a difference of 80% within a 10-minute interval on regulating indoor environment.
Energy Performance of SOFC Cogeneration System for Residential Buildings in Chinese Cold Areas
Authors: Gong Xin Zhi , Akashi Yasunori , Sumiyoshi Daisuke
Published: May 2014

Primary energy reduction and energy efficiency improvement are important targets to be achieved in every society and in residential buildings in particular. An energy-efficient and low-emissions solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cogeneration system is a promising electric and thermal energy generation technology for implementation in future residential buildings. This paper aims to analyze the energy performance in terms of primary energy demand and its reduction rate when SOFC cogeneration system is used in residential buildings. This study outlines SOFC cogeneration system and its simulation method, and then develops a standard family model for simulation under cold weather condition in China and selected Beijing city as an example, and finally compares them with traditional power and heat generation system based on gas and electricity. The results show that SOFC cogeneration system is an energy-efficient alternative power and thermal energy cogeneration technology for cold climatic cities such as Beijing, and can offer a large reduction rate (about 15.8% in winter) of primary energy demand in residential buildings. This study also finds that the significant reductions in primary energy demand of SOFC system result for the periods with air temperature decreasing.
Energy Management Contracting - Research on the Development Pattern of Green Building
Authors: Wang Hao , Tang Hong
Published: May 2014

The article focused on practical application of EMC in the field of Green Building, especially analyzing obstacles in development of green buildings and the function produced by EMC.
Courtyard Geometry on Solar Heat Gain in Hot-Dry Region
Authors: Sabzevar Hadi Bagheri , Ahmad Mohd Hamdan , Gharakhani Alireza
Published: May 2014

This paper attempts to show the geometric effects of a courtyard under the force of hot and dry climates. A courtyard house is an internal open space around which all the habitable rooms are clustered. The main objective is to review the effects of courtyard geometry on changing the energy consumption of courtyard buildings in order to decrease the emissions of CO2.Literature review on courtyard in hot and dry climate suggest various type of the evaluation of previous results proves that the orientation and the proportions are two important factors for the amount of acquired solar energy in courtyard buildings in order to reduce energy consumption in hot-dry regions. They should be considered in the design stage where the designers can take full advantage. Future, can also be established guidelines for efficient courtyard design in Yazd to reduce energy consumption.
The Corrosion Evaluation Methodology of the Lock Gate
Authors: Jiang Chao Hua , Fan Ke , Luo Xiang Yun , Qian Liang
Published: May 2014

Influenced by surrounding environment, performance load and eroded by all kinds of media, the structure of lock gate prone to corrosion phenomena. Therefore, aimed at the situation of gate corrosion, to carry out the appraisal method for gate, a gate corrosion detection rating method is established. Based on the environment characteristics, taking corrosion appearance, coating thickness, the residue corrosion depth and corrosion pit depth as the index to evaluate,provides the judgment and evaluation basis for the lock gate is in need of repair.
First-Principles Study on the Surface Energies of Rutile TiO2(110) vs (011)-2×1 Surfaces
Authors: Yuan Feng , Lu Shi Xiang , Xu Wen Guo , Zhang Hai Feng , Ning Tao
Published: May 2014

First-principles calculations based on density functional theory have been used to study the surface energies of the rutile TiO2(110) and (011)-2×1 surfaces. We investigate the effect of the slab thickness on the predicted surface energy and find that slab thicknesses of at least 5 layers are necessary to converge the surface energy to within 0.01 J/m2for both rutile TiO2(110) and (011)-2×1 surfaces. For the rutile TiO2(110) surface, it should be noted that the surface energy oscillates with the number of layers (odd-even oscillations). However, the calculated surface energies of the rutile TiO2(011)-2×1 surface are closer to the linear relationship for the number of layers larger than 4. Finally, our calculated results indicate that the rutile TiO2(011)-2×1 surface has a significantly higher surface energy than the rutile TiO2(110) surface.
Research and Empoldering of High Strength Weathering Steel S450EW
Authors: Wang Jun Shan , Shi Pei Yang , Liu Cheng Jun , Jiang Mao Fa
Published: May 2014

According to the characteristics of high strength weathering steel, this paper designs to develop anexperimental steel S450EW with yield strength higher than 450MPa.Through the study,it has been found that with decreasing cooling rate, the organizational changed largely, while ferrite and pearlite gradually transformed to martensite and a small amount of ferrite, then finally tomartensite organization.It has also been found that the crystal size decreased, and the experimentalsteel also precipitated a rectangular second phase particles of (NbTi) CN phase and TiC, which were sparsely distributed with the size of 100 ~ 300nm and below 30nm, while some phases were distributedasa number of strips in the grain boundary which mainly are C, Fe, Cr.
Simulation of the Yield Strength of Mo Alloys at Both Room and Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Fan Jing Lian , Cheng Hui Chao , Song Min
Published: May 2014

In this paper, the yield strength of a kind of carbide strengthened molybdenum (Mo) alloy has been investigated at both room and elevated temperatures. OM image showed that the sintered Mo alloy has an average grain size of ~20 μm. SEM image of the fracture surface of the sintered Mo alloy after tensile deformation to facture showed that intergranular fracture is the dominant mechanism at room temperature. A constitutive model has been developed to simulate the yield strength of Mo alloys at both room and elevated temperatures. It has been shown that the evolution trend of the yield strength predicted by the constitutive model broadly agrees with the experimental counterparts. The simulation indicated that creep dominates the deformation when the temperature is above 1200 K, while dislocation overcoming the obstacles through thermal activation dominates the deformation when the temperature is below 1200 K.
Expansion Behavior and Microstructures of Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloys Subjected to Thermal Cycling
Authors: Zhu Xue Wei , Wang Ri Chu , Peng Jian
Published: May 2014

The effects of the thermal cycling on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and microstructure of the hypereutectic Al-Si alloys were investigated. The hypereutectic Al-Si alloy was produced by spray-forming and extruding process. Experiment results showed that the distribution of Si in Al matrix is uniform for the Al-Si alloy. The primary Si phase grew gradually during the thermal cycle. There is no remarkable change of CTE during thermal cycling for both materials at the same temperature range. The CTE of Al-Si alloy decrease with increasing on thermal cycling temperature up to 300°C due to the compressive thermal stress in the alloys.
Fatigue Damage Evaluation Research of Aluminum Alloy Based on Energy Degradation
Authors: Li Xu Dong , Zou Lan , Mu Zhi Tao , Kong Guang Ming
Published: May 2014

Experimental investigations of fatigue cracking behavior of LC9 aluminum alloy (AA LC9) subjected to elevated temperature were conducted with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results indicate elevated temperature is important for the fatigue crack growth of AA LC9. Based on small crack growth, crack growth rate for AA LC9 is characterized.
Research Progress of Mg-Re Alloys
Authors: Li Quan An , Liu Wen Chuang , Song Xiao Jie
Published: May 2014

Magnesium alloys as the emerging commercial metal structure material have excellent specific properties, low density, and stability, which are more and more vital for researchers. This paper reviews the behavior of rare earth in magnesium alloy and the way to enhance the elevated temperature properties of Mg-RE alloys. The current Mg-RE alloys are summarized. The future development direction is pointed.
Basic Properties of Iron and Steel Making Dust
Authors: Li Xue Bing , Wang Wei , Zhang Dong Hai , Xiong Li
Published: May 2014

A large amount of dust can be produced in iron and steel making process. This paper analysis the chemical composition, particle size distribution and microscopic characteristics of those iron and steel making dust. Some dust with high iron content, some dust with much CaO and some dust with carbon, those indicate that the iron and steel making dust can be used as iron making raw material. But the size of the iron and steel making dust is very small, which will make it harder to deal with those dust.
Synthesis of Co3O4 Multilayer Nanosheet Material and its Promising Gas Sensing Property
Authors: Yin Ming Li , Liu Sheng Zhong
Published: May 2014

Co3O4multilayer nanosheets were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and a post annealing treatment process. The effect of solution concentration and ratio on the morphology of Co3O4precursor was studied. The crystalline structure, morphology and elemental composition of Co3O4multilayer nanosheets were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technologies. When exposed to reducing gas such as ethanol, resistance of Co3O4multilayer nanosheet sensor increases quickly, demonstrating that the Co3O4multilayer nanosheets are p-type conductivity. For 100 ppm alcohol at 240 °C, the sensor response is as high as 32, indicating that the powder of Co3O4multilayer nanosheets is a very promising low-powder gas sensing material.
Pathogenic Fungi Induce the Expression of Trichoderma asperellum Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes in the Process of Mycoparasitism
Authors: Yang Ping
Published: May 2014

Trichoderma asperellum is an important biocontrol fungus which has been shown to control plant soil-borne pathogens, such as: Pythium ultimum, Fusariumoxysporum, Cytospora chrysosperma and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The goal of this research is to study whether the cell wall degrading enzymes genes were induced by pathogens or not in the process of T. asperellum mycoparasitism. The results suggest that chitinase gene ech42, β-1,3 glucanase gene bgn13.1, and β-1,6 glucanase gene bgn16.1 can be induced by pathogens. However, two N-acetyl-amino glycosidase nag1 and nag2 can not be induced by pathogens.
3D-Braided Thick Composites Made by Simultaneous Outside-in and Inside-out Resin Infusion
Authors: Chen Rui , Shan Zhong De , Liu Feng
Published: May 2014

Thick composites made with traditional impregnation and with simultaneous resin infusion from the inside and outside were studied to compare two methods for optimizing permeability, dipping time, and structural organization. Permeability was greater, the dipping time was shorter, the impregnated resin was more uniformly distributed, and blow hole defects were fewer when infusion was performed simultaneously from the inside and outside of the braided structure. The resin flow channel was preset in the precast body, allowing simultaneous outside-in and inside-out dipping.
The Effect of Food-Microorganism(F/M)Ratio on Gas Properties in Batch Biogas Fermentation with Walnut Peel
Authors: Liu Jing Hui , Zhang Wu Di , Liu Shi Qing , Zhao Xing Ling , Yin Fang , Liu Jing , Xu Ling , Chen Yu Bao , Yang Hong
Published: May 2014

In order to study the effect of food-microorganism (F/M) ratio on gas properties in batch biogas fermentation experiments with walnut peel, by batch fermentation under the condition of 30°C, with walnut peel as fermentation raw materials, and respectively choose F/M(vs/vs)=0.20, 0.15, the effect of food-microorganism (F/M) ratio on the gas properties was studied in biogas fermentation with walnut peel. The experimental results showed that in the fermentation with walnut peel as raw materials, the potential of TS and VS, the total volume and the time reaching to 80% gas production volume of the time of experimental group F/M(vs/vs)=0.20 were respectively 202ml/gTS, 226ml/gVS, 2840ml, 19d. However, the values of experimental group F/M(vs/vs)=0.15 were respectively 152ml/gTS, 170ml/gVS, 2140ml, 24d. Therefore, food-microorganism (F/M) ratio has a great influence on batch biogas fermentation with walnut peel as the fermentation raw material.
Diversity and Distribution of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Jilin Oilfield
Authors: Song Wen Feng , Ma De Sheng , Zhu You Yi , Wei Xiao Fang , Wu Jie
Published: May 2014

To better understand the roles of microorganisms in oil production, diversity and distribution of microbes in Jilin oilfield was studied. Firstly, chromosomal DNA wassuccessfully extracted directly from crude oil samples. Diversity and distribution of microbes was then analyzed based on 16S rDNA libraries. There were totally 21 OTUs were obtained through 16S rDNA sequencing. Of those OTUs, 13 are bacteria in whichProteobacteriais the major family, while 8 are archaea in whichMethanomicrobiais the dominant. Finally, SRB was found in all samples by amplifying theapsAgene using PCR. SRB found in Jilin oil samples belong toδ-Proteobacteria.
Analysis of Welding Residual Stress on Cracked Vessels with X-Ray Diffraction Method
Authors: Zhou Jun Ming , Zhang Yi Liang
Published: May 2014

A large number of cracks are found in the 1500m3Liquefied Light hydrocarbons vessel during the inspection after two years of running.In totally,six vessels being fully heated treated is made of 15MnNbR. Researchers used X-ray stress analyzer measured the welding residual stress of vessels that have been cracked and uncracked. The results show that, residual stress of uncracked spherical vessels are in good condition, while those value of cracked is high, the value of the highest is 1.05σs. It indicates that the possible reason for the separation is the residual stress in the high state. Through welding and heat treated for the second time, the welding residual stress decreased obviously. It indicates the impact of this measure is good.
The Effect of Acetate on the Electrodeposition of Manganese on Polycrystalline Au without SeO2 Additives
Authors: Li Wen Po , Zuo Xiu Li , Yang Jun Ying , Zhang Sheng Tao
Published: May 2014

The influence of acetate additives on the mechanism of manganese electrodeposition from chloride-based acidic solution was investigated by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The EQCM data were represented as plots △m versusE.Because they are not affected by interference from the hydrogen evolution reaction, they clearly show the manganese reduction and oxidation processes. The in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry ( SE) data were analyzed with a single-layer model ( substrate Au - deposition Mn layer) and the thicknesses of Mn layer were obtained by fitting experimental data with the model.Morphology, chemical composition and structure of the manganese deposits were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that in the absence of acetate additives, Mn (OH)2is formed. In the presence of acetate additives, the formation of α-Mn was observed and the deposition rate of Mn electrodeposition on the Au electrode slowed down.
The Design and Development of a Single-Axle Parallel Hybrid Powertrain Test Platform
Authors: Sun Qiang , Ma Cheng Cheng , Miao Qiang , Li Guo Xiang
Published: May 2014

Based on the structure analysis of a hybrid truck, design a single-axle parallel hybrid powertrain test platform. Modular design method is used to realize this platform and this platform is divided into four modules. Function design, software design and realization of the four modules are respectively discussed. Finally, a cycle run test was taken and the test result indicates that effectiveness and accurateness of the test platform are realized well.
Research on Perovskite Catalysis for Diesel Engine Exhaust Removal
Authors: Liang Peng , Chen Qian Yang , Long Hai Bo
Published: May 2014

Diesel engine emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulates are the major source of air pollution that is a serious threat to human health. Diesel emissions treatment technology meet the increasingly stringent emission standards through the current difficulty and develop a new diesel engine exhausted treatment technology to further reduce the nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions are from diesel engines. In this paper, La1-xAxCo1-yByO3 complex perovskite catalysts for diesel engine exhaust emission purification carry out the relevant research, this article firstly study the perovskite oxide catalyst preparation methods, as the catalyst preparation process are described .Then the activity of the catalyst samples obtain some useful results.
Rotating Angle Error Influence to Grinding Aspheric Optical Component
Authors: Shang Chun Min , Zhang Dong Mei , Zhang Xin Ming
Published: May 2014

An analyzing rotating error method has presented based on grinding aspheric optical component. A coordinate transform has been done between the new and original coordinates system in view of the rotating error in installing parts, further, the rotating angle error model has deduced between actual curve and theoretical curve. The surface error formulas can be used for variety of rotary conic aspheric curve, depending on the requirements of the parts surface accuracy, quantitative adjustment target can be given in installation and adjustment process before grinding. Based on the rotating error formulas, the calculating example shows that installation angle bas various different influence to surface shape error, the error decreases with the θ decreasing, the surface error is reduced a magnitude accordingly when the angle is reduced to a magnitude. The parts surface error is up from-0.0030mm to-0.0448mm when the rotating angle increasing from 0.1° to 1°. When θ is constant, the surface shape error increases with steepness increasing, installing rotating angle requirement is more stringent for all the large steepness parts.
Complex Image Recognition Method of Train Wheels Based on Contour Feature
Authors: Jia Dong Yao , Hu Po
Published: May 2014

At present, most of the domestic train wheel detection is still manual. Existing image detection methods do not fully consider the characteristics of wheel profiles, as the algorithm is very complicated, they do not apply to fast dynamic monitoring. The paper proposes a dynamic image recognition method of train wheels based on contour feature. Firstly, wheel contour curve is extracted using RCD circular arc detection algorithm with constraint condition. Then, after analyzing the wheel contour curves, vector contour is constructed to describe them. At last, images of wheels are rapid recognized, and the recognition is based on identification function. Experimental results show that this method can achieve 95% accuracy when the similarity of complete wheel is set to 0.98 or more. This method can adapt to railway environment and has a certain application value.
Numerical Simulation on a Deep-Foundation Pit of Shenzhen Holiday Plaza Project
Authors: Zheng Yi
Published: May 2014

Based on test data of the prestressed anchor cable composite soil nailing wall deformation and internal force of structure of Shenzhen Holiday Plaza foundation pit, the numerical simulation model of foundation pit is established by FLAC3D software. Through the reasonable selection of soil constitutive model and structural unit, the numerical simulation model is consistent with the project practice. The simulation results on horizontal displacement of foundation pit, the internal force of the structure, the surface layer stress and damaged form are reasonable. This does not only provide a strong basis for the optimum design of the foundation pit, but also provide a scientific guidance for engineering application.
Piled Raft Structure Finite Element Analysis of Composite Foundation Settlement in Da XI Passenger Dedicated Line
Authors: Ma Xiao Tong , Liu Guang Long
Published: May 2014

Composite foundation settlement of piled raft structure in Da Xi passenger dedicated line is analyzed by the large finite element software MIDAS/GTS and established calculation model of foundation treatment. The problem of pile-soil contact is highlighted in the trail and analyzes the settlement nephogram and pile-soil stress nephogram. On this basis the foundation settlement factors was analyzed systematically that focus on the elastic modulus of pile, pile spacing, pile diameter and pile length in foundation treatment, especially for the characteristics parameters of contact element. Result shows that increasing the pile modulus, pile diameter, pile length and decreasing the pile spacing is all conducive to reducing settlement. The best advice is got that the pile diameter should be not more than 0.5m, pile length not more than 27m and the pile spacing be around 2m.
Analysis of Sound Absorption Properties of Three-Leaf Microperforated Panel Absorbers without a Rigid Backing
Authors: Gai Xiao Ling , Li Xian Hui , Wu Rui , Zhang Bin , Zhao Jun Juan
Published: May 2014

Microperforated panel (MPP) absorbers have been developed rapidly and used in many fields in recent years. First, based on the Maa’s theory, the theoretical development of MPP is reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, structure design and processing technology of MPP are introduced. Finally, the further development of MPP is discussed. Based on the MPP theory and electro-acoustical equivalent circuit principle, sound absorption properties of three-leaf microperforated panel (TMPP) absorbers without a rigid backing are studied to broaden the sound absorption bandwidth of MPP structure. Simulation results show that TMPP absorbers without a rigid backing have two resonance peaks and the energy dissipated coefficient remains constant in the low frequency range. The resonance frequency moves toward low frequency region with the increasing of the distance, thickness and pore diameter of MPP and moves toward high frequency region with the increasing of the perforation when other parameters keep invariant. The energy dissipated coefficient more than 0.5 over 8 octaves by choosing proper parameters. In conclusion, TMPP absorbers without a rigid backing have good sound absorption properties in a wide frequency range.
Influence of Alkaline Activator on the Strength of Fly Ash-Cement Gel Sand Material
Authors: Huang Hai Yan , Gong Ai Min , Yuan Kun
Published: May 2014

Influence of different kinds and mixing amount of the alkaline activators on the strength of fly ash-cement gel sand materials is discussed through experiment wit 29 group test specimen. The rupture strength and the compressive strength with the age of 3 and 28 days of test blocks mixed with NaOH or CaO are compared each other. The early activity of fly ash can be activated by mixing the alkaline activator. The early activity of fly ash can be activated by mixing with the alkaline activators. The setting time of fly ash-cement binders becomes better. And the early strength can be improved. The activated effect of fly ash-cement binders by different type of the alkaline activators is affected by the age of test blocks. The activated effect mixed with CaO is better than the effect mixed with NaOH.
Research on Environmentally Friendly Water-Based Covering Ink and its Application in Scratch-Type Invoice Printing
Authors: Gong Ying , Huang Bei Qing , Wei Xian Fu
Published: May 2014

With the development of printing technology, greater emphasis has been laid on environmentally friendly materials. Due to its printability and environmental friendliness, Water-based flexo ink is gradually gaining popularity at home and abroad, and has been widely applied in the field of printing. Different from other kinds of bills, scratch-type invoices have an additional scratch area on the surface, which highly covering performance is required for the ink applied. This paper emphatically analyzes and discusses: (a) flexo water-based covering ink and its application in scratch-type invoice covering region printing; (b) how to explore and evaluate new developed green inks. Compared with traditional inks, the water-based flexo ink is free of emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), and its popularization might have significant meanings for the environment protection and sustainable development.
Preparation of 2,2-Dimethylol Propionic Acid
Authors: Zhang Jian Wei , Liu Ji Wei
Published: May 2014

2,2-Dimethylol propionic acid was synthesized by two steps using sodium hydroxide as the catalyst in this article. The influence of various factors on the yield of 2,2-Dimethylol propionic acid were studied by single factor experiment that included condensation temperature, condensation time, propionaldehyde-formaldehyde ratioetc.. On the basis of this foundation, the orthogonal design was carried out in order to confirm the preferable synthesis conditions of 2,2-Dimethylolpropanoic. The results show that the optimal synthesis conditions are as follows: condensation time is 8 hours, condensation temperature is 35°C, propionaldehyde-formaldehyde ratio is 2.2, sodium hydroxide-formaldehyde ratio is 0.03, the oxidation temperature is 90°C, oxidation time is 6 hours. The product yield can reach to 71.35% under these reaction conditions that is higher than the value reported in references.
Study on Reuse of Power Lithium Ion Battery Recycling
Authors: Li Yi Xia , Guo Rui Lian , Zhang Yan Qin , Zhou Da Sen
Published: May 2014

This paper takes the waste lithium ion battery materials, lithium, cobalt metal recovery of cathode materials, the anode sheet and method makes the volatile burning binder, water brush technique separates powder materials and aluminum foil; then with sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide system makes lithium, cobalt black slag with ion dissolving status the leaching liquid obtained by precipitation, cobalt and lithium carbonate products.
Energy Consumption Performance Study of New Box-Shaped Hysteretic Damper
Authors: Xu Chao , Niu Yong Feng , Zhao Yong Xie
Published: May 2014

To the H-shaped Mild steel damper which has been applied to the market, this paper proposes the opening box dampers were made in material Q235 steel. Studied the influence of the angular size between Webs and vertical direction to the box-shaped Mild steel damper by FEM ABAQUS. The results indicated that under the same rate in the web openings, box dampers has the same yield displacement and hysteresis curves were fuller than H-shaped dampers. With the increase of web and vertical angles, the initial stiffness of the damper box steel and yield strength and yield stiffness of the damper would reduced, but all of these are larger than H-shaped steel dampers; Meanwhile, moment of inertia of box dampers’ two webs to Y-axis is larger , which greatly enhancing the stability of the outside plane to the damper, the larger Web angles, the stronger yield strength and the stability of the outside plane.