bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single Institution Experience in the Management of Locally Advanced (pT4) Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas
Authors: Sessa Luca , De Crea Carmela , Voloudakis Nikolaos , Pennestri’ Francesco , Revelli Luca , Gallucci Pierpaolo , Perotti Germano , Tagliaferri Luca , Rossi Ernesto , Rossi Esther Diana , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Bellantone Rocco , Raffaelli Marco
Published: May 2024

Background

Locally infiltrating (T4) differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) represent a challenge. Surgical strategy and adjuvant therapy should be planned balancing morbidity and oncologic outcome. A series of patients with T4 DTC who underwent multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment is reported. The main study endpoints were the oncologic outcome, complication rates, and risk factors for tumor recurrence.

Patients and Methods

All DTC cases operated between 2009 and 2021 were reviewed and T4 DTC cases were identified. En bloc resection of inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN), tracheal, and/or internal jugular vein (IJV) was performed in cases of massive infiltration. In cases of pharyngoesophageal junction (PEJ) invasion, the shaving technique was always applied.

Results

Among 4775 DTC cases, 60 were T4. ILN infiltration was documented in 45 cases (en bloc resection in 9), tracheal infiltration in 14 (tracheal resection in 2), PEJ invasion in 11 (R0 resection in 7 cases and < 1 cm residual tissue in 4 cases), IJV resection in 6, and laryngeal in 2. In total, 11 postoperative ILN palsy, 23 transient hypoparathyroidisms, and 2 hematomas requiring reoperation were registered. Final histology showed 7 pN0, 22 pN1a, and 31 pN1b tumors. Aggressive variants were observed in 47 patients. All but 1 patient underwent radioiodine treatment, 12 underwent adjuvant external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), and 2 underwent chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 58 months, no tumor-related death was registered, and seven patients required reoperation for recurrence. Tracheal invasion was the only significant factor negatively impacting recurrence (p = 0.045).

Conclusions

A multidisciplinary approach is essential for the management of T4 DTC. Individualized and balanced surgical strategy and adjuvant treatments, in particular EBRT, ensure control of locally advanced disease with acceptable morbidity.
Cognitive dysfunction and its relationship with psychopathology and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: a protocol for a cross sectional study
Authors: Longkumer Imyarila , Patil Ragini
Published: May 2024

Background One central characteristic of schizophrenia is cognitive dysfunction, which typically has modest to severe effects on a variety of cognitive areas. Evidence suggests that cognitive impairment may occur far sooner than the clinical symptoms. The connection between cognitive deficiencies and functional outcome indicators has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Cognitive deficits are widely known to affect overall functioning, In India, few studies have been conducted to determine the profile of cognitive abnormalities in individuals in the chronic phase of schizophrenia as well as those in remission. Research from developing nations is crucial because schizophrenia prevalence in these nations is thought to be lower than that in industrialized nations. The aim of this study will be to assess the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with schizophrenia and examine the relationship between cognitive dysfunction with psychopathology and quality of life in individuals with schizophrenia. Protocol This will be a cross sectional hospital-based study. After ethical clearance, all patients in the Psychiatry Department meeting the criteria of Schizophrenia, according to the ICD-10, will be part of the study. The expected number of participants is 228. All participants within the age group of 18 to 65 years who are clinically diagnosed to have schizophrenia using ICD-10 and who are able to give written informed consent will be included in the study. The patient’s sociodemographic data will be collected in Outpatient or inpatient basis and then the following questionnaires will be applied to them: i) Socio-demographic Proforma; ii) The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS); iii) The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF scale (WHOQOL-BREF); and iv) Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III (ACE). Once the aforementioned questionnaires are completed, the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia will be assessed, and its relationship with psychopathology and quality of life will be studied.
Case Report: Methimazole-Induced Parotitis - An Unusual and Rare Presentation of Thyroid Storm
Authors: Rana Ricky , Krier Emily , Tauseef Abubakar , Dufani Jalal
Published: May 2024

A 56-year-old female with a medical history of unspecified hyperthyroidism and a recent thyroid storm presented to the ED with tachycardia, hypertension, and bilateral enlarged parotid glands. During a previous hospitalization, she was diagnosed with unspecified hyperthyroidism and started on methimazole. During hospitalization, laboratory findings suggested Graves’ disease with an acute thyroid storm. The patient also complained of enlarged parotid glands bilaterally. CT tomography of the neck revealed no calculi of the parotid glands but showed extensive fatty replacement, possibly related to methimazole use. Treatment with propranolol and IV hydrocortisone improved thyroid function. Due to the suspicion of methimazole-induced parotitis, she was transitioned to a reduced methimazole dosage for treatment of Graves’ disease, which subsequently improved her parotitis. Methimazole, the standard initial treatment for Graves’ disease, is generally well-tolerated. It can cause adverse reactions; however, parotitis is very rare and has been documented in only a few case reports. Owing to the limited number of reports, its incidence is currently unknown. Here, we present a case of methimazole-induced parotitis as an unusual presentation of thyroid storm. Drug-induced reactions can only be considered once common causes of parotitis such as viral infection, obstruction, and autoimmune diseases are ruled out. Treatment involves dosage adjustments and supportive care. Methimazole-induced parotitis is often misdiagnosed and overlooked because of the lack of reported cases. This necessitates future research into the reaction mechanisms and optimal treatment.
Simulated data for census-scale entity resolution research without privacy restrictions: a large-scale dataset generated by individual-based modeling
Authors: Haddock Beatrix , Pletcher Alix , Blair-Stahn Nathaniel , Keyes Os , Kappel Matt , Bachmeier Steve , Lutze Syl , Albright James , Bowman Alison , Kinuthia Caroline , Burke-Conte Zeb , Mudambi Rajan , Flaxman Abraham
Published: May 2024

Background Entity resolution (ER) is the process of identifying and linking records that refer to the same real-world entity. ER is a fundamental challenge in data science, and a common barrier to ER research and development is that the data fields used for this fuzzy matching are personally identifiable information, such as name, address, and date of birth. The necessary restrictions on accessing and sharing these authentic data have slowed the work in developing, testing, and adopting new methods and software for ER. We recently released pseudopeople, a Python package that allows users to generate simulated datasets approaching the scale and complexity of the data on which large organizations and federal agencies, like the US Census Bureau regularly perform ER. With pseudopeople, researchers can develop new algorithms and software for ER of US population data without needing access to personal and confidential information. Methods We created the simulated population data available through pseudopeople using our Vivarium simulation platform. Our model simulates individuals and their families, households, and employment dynamics over time, which we observe through simulated censuses, surveys, and administrative data collection systems. Results Our simulation process produced over 900 gigabytes of simulated censuses, surveys, and administrative data for pseudopeople, representing hundreds of millions of simulants. A sample simulated population of thousands of simulants is now openly available to all users of the pseudopeople package, and large-scale simulated populations of millions and hundreds of millions of simulants are also available by online request through GitHub. These simulated population data are structured for use by the pseudopeople package, which includes additional affordances to add various kinds of noise to the data to provide realistic, sharable challenges for ER researchers.
Tunneling Probability of Quantum Wavepacket in Time-Dependent Potential Well
Authors: Ahmed Aarouj
Published: May 2024

Quantum tunneling of particles plays an important role in many chemical reactions. Studying quantum tunneling in time-dependent potential wells is tricky since most of the available solutions of time-dependent potential wells are coupled to specific properties of the Hamiltonian. Here, we investigate the tunneling probability of a quantum wavepacket in time-dependent potential well by using the split operator method. This numerical method can give us an overview of the tunneling probability of a quantum wavepacket for any temporal change in the shape of the potential well. We study a time-dependent potential well model evolving from symmetric to asymmetric quartic double well since quartic potential wells resemble certain practically available potential well models.Quanta 2024; 13: 11–19.
La voz del niño en la familia: reflexiones sobre la in-fans y la titularidad activa de derechos
Authors: Guío Camargo Rosa Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Aunque hoy es un lugar común afirmar que a partir de la entrada en vigor de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño (en adelante, CDN o CDN), el espacio para el ejercicio de los derechos de los niños, las niñas y los adolescentes trasciende el campo jurídico de la familia, y abarca prácticamente todo el derecho, de forma tal que hoy todo el sistema jurídico debe leerse en clave de derechos de los niños; no es menos cierto que el primer espacio donde ocurre la socialización para este grupo poblacional es la familia. Por lo tanto, en el presente capítulo resolveremos la cuestión sobre ¿cuáles son los cambios que el sistema jurídico colombiano ha implementado en el ejercicio de los derechos familiares de los padres en relación con sus hijos, para pasar de reconocer al niño, niña o adolescente como un in fans (sin voz), y posibilitarle el ejercicio de la titularidad activa de sus derechos?
La violencia doméstica en el Código Penal colombiano
Authors: Correa Flórez María Camila
Published: May 2024

En las siguientes páginas se explica cómo se sanciona la violencia doméstica en el Código Penal colombiano. Para ello se parte de la definición de violencia doméstica y de sus manifestaciones, para luego establecer cómo estas son sancionadas a través de distintos tipos penales agravados y no solo por el tipo penal de violencia intrafamilar. Como es evidente, para entender esta modalidad de violencia es necesario comprender el concepto de familia que desde lo legal constituye el bien jurídico protegido por los delitos que sancionan la violencia doméstica. A este respecto, se inicia con una aproximación a la definición legal de familia.
Neoplasias
Authors: Jiménez Tobón Guillermo Antonio
Published: May 2024

Como acabamos de ver, el cáncer tiene un trasfondo de increíble complejidad, el cual desarrollaremos a lo largo de este capítulo. Ahora la primera pregunta que surge es ¿cómo podemos definir el cáncer?
Sistema articular y sus enfermedades
Authors: Jiménez Tobón Guillermo Antonio
Published: May 2024

Con esta introducción podemos comenzar a desarrollar varios interrogantes que se nos plantean. Como fisioterapeutas veremos que las enfermedades articulares se encuentran entre las condiciones más comunes con los cuales nos enfrentamos en nuestra práctica diaria. Para iniciar este capítulo pondremos a consideración la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué es una articulación?
Sistema nervioso central y sus enfermedades
Authors: Jiménez Tobón Guillermo Antonio , Arévalo Tovar William
Published: May 2024

Como es costumbre, repasaremos someramente algunos conceptos de anatomía e histología para introducir nuestro capítulo y este se dividirá en las condiciones neurológicas que más se enfrentarán en su práctica: enfermedad cerebrovascular (ecv), trauma cerebral, enfermedades de la mielina y enfermedades neurodegenerativas.
Students' creative thinking skills on the material of motion dynamics through STEM-PjBL
Authors: Sari Ike Kumala , Handayani Rif’ati Dina , Supriadi Bambang
Published: May 2024

The ability to think creatively is an essential skill in the 21st century. This research aims to analyze students' creative thinking abilities by implementing Project-Based Learning Integrated with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM-PjBL) on motion dynamics material. The research method is descriptive qualitative, with data obtained through observation, interviews, and student worksheet documents. The research results show that two indicators are in a suitable category, namely fluency and authenticity, while the other two indicators, flexibility and elaboration, are in the poor category. Recommendations that can be given based on the results of this research include the need to integrate the STEM-PjBL method more deeply into physics learning to improve all indicators of creative thinking abilities, especially flexibility, and elaboration. This research emphasizes the importance of learning that prioritizes students as the center of learning to develop various essential creative thinking skills.
Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among Chinese mothers in the first 6 months
Authors: Wu Qian , Hengudomsub Pornpat , Wacharasin Chintana
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims

Exclusive breastfeeding duration remains suboptimal among Chinese mothers. Understanding the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding is essential for developing targeted interventions to promote breastfeeding practices. This study aimed to identify determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months after birth in Xuzhou City, China.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled 178 mothers, using structured questionnaires for data collection. Subsequent analysis used multiple linear regression to explore factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding duration.

Results

On average, participants exclusively breastfed for 67 days. Influencing factors included breastfeeding intention, perception of insufficient milk and maternity leave.

Conclusions

Targeted interventions have the potential to prolong exclusive breastfeeding duration, such as ensuring women develop accurate perceptions of their breast milk supply and extending maternity leave. Implementing these interventions is crucial to achieving the target of 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding, consequently contributing to optimal health benefits for mother–infant dyads in China.
The Franklin Stove: Modern Materiality, Made in Pennsylvania
Authors: Chaplin Joyce E.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: From 1738 to 1784, Benjamin Franklin invented five stoves that were designed to consume fuel more efficiently, preserving resources during a climate crisis, specifically the Little Ice Age. Franklin's response to bad winter weather generated not only cast-iron technology but also a science of climate change. His long-term project shows that the material contours of early America, often treated as background, can (and should) be pulled into the foreground to reveal the emergence of modern materiality. Consumerism, resource depletion, industrialization, climate change, fossil fuel dependence, and the unjust division of wealth have been functionally connected since the eighteenth century, but when, why, and how they were linked remain important for early Americanists to decipher. Franklin's stove project reveals, for example, an early history of consumer choices in the Global North being made to seem enlightened, by conserving natural resources, even as they were retrograde, using enslaved labor and appropriated Native land. In Pennsylvania, these conditions generated the United States' first industrialized economy, born during a climate crisis and responsible, in part, for generating our current crisis, a legacy from early America that should be acknowledged—and studied—as being at least as revolutionary as the American Revolution.
Twin stagnation free phase retrieval with vortex phase illumination
Authors: Khare Kedar , Kularia Muskan , Banerjee Manidipa
Published: May 2024

The recovery of complex-valued exit wavefront from its Fourier transform magnitude is challenging due to the stagnation problems associated with iterative phase retrieval algorithms. Among the various stagnation artefacts, the twin-image stagnation is the most difficult to address. The upright object and its inverted and complex-conjugated twin correspond to the identical Fourier magnitude data and hence appear simultaneously in the iterative solution. We show that the twin stagnation problem can be eliminated completely if a coherent beam with charge-1 vortex phase is used for illumination. Unlike the usual plane wave illumination case, a charge-1 vortex illumination intentionally introduces an isolated zero near the zero spatial frequency region, where maximal energy in the Fourier space is usually concentrated for most natural objects. The early iterations of iterative phase retrieval algorithms are observed to develop a clockwise or anti-clockwise vortex in the vicinity of this isolated zero. Once the solution latches onto a specific vortex profile in the neighborhood of this intentionally introduced intensity zero, the remaining parts of the solution quickly adjusts to the corresponding twin (upright or inverted) and further iterations are not observed to bring the other twin into the reconstruction. Our simulation studies with the well-known hybrid input-output (HIO) algorithm show that the solution always converges to one of the twins within a few hundred iterations when vortex phase illumination is used. Using a clockwise or anti-clockwise vortex phase as initial guess is also seen to lead to a solution consisting of the corresponding twin. The resultant solution still has some faint residual artifacts that can be addressed via the recently introduced complexity guidance methodology. There is an additional vortex phase in the final solution which can simply be subtracted out to obtain the original test object. The near guaranteed convergence to twin-stagnation free solution with vortex illumination as described here is potentially valuable for deploying practical imaging systems that work based on the iterative phase retrieval algorithms.
Modeling and predicting individual variation in COVID-19 vaccine-elicited antibody response in the general population
Authors: Nakamura Naotoshi , Kobashi Yurie , Kim Kwang Su , Park Hyeongki , Tani Yuta , Shimazu Yuzo , Zhao Tianchen , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Omata Fumiya , Kawashima Moe , Yoshida Makoto , Abe Toshiki , Saito Yoshika , Senoo Yuki , Nonaka Saori , Takita Morihito , Yamamoto Chika , Kawamura Takeshi , Sugiyama Akira , Nakayama Aya , Kaneko Yudai , Jeong Yong Dam , Tatematsu Daiki , Akao Marwa , Sato Yoshitaka , Iwanami Shoya , Fujita Yasuhisa , Wakui Masatoshi , Aihara Kazuyuki , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Shibuya Kenji , Iwami Shingo , Tsubokura Masaharu
Published: May 2024

As we learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines are one of the most important tools in infectious disease control. To date, an unprecedentedly large volume of high-quality data on COVID-19 vaccinations have been accumulated. For preparedness in future pandemics beyond COVID-19, these valuable datasets should be analyzed to best shape an effective vaccination strategy. We are collecting longitudinal data from a community-based cohort in Fukushima, Japan, that consists of 2,407 individuals who underwent serum sampling two or three times after a two-dose vaccination with either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Using the individually reconstructed time courses of the vaccine-elicited antibody response based on mathematical modeling, we first identified basic demographic and health information that contributed to the main features of the antibody dynamics, i.e., the peak, the duration, and the area under the curve. We showed that these three features of antibody dynamics were partially explained by underlying medical conditions, adverse reactions to vaccinations, and medications, consistent with the findings of previous studies. We then applied to these factors a recently proposed computational method to optimally fit an “antibody score”, which resulted in an integer-based score that can be used as a basis for identifying individuals with higher or lower antibody titers from basic demographic and health information. The score can be easily calculated by individuals themselves or by medical practitioners. Although the sensitivity of this score is currently not very high, in the future, as more data become available, it has the potential to identify vulnerable populations and encourage them to get booster vaccinations. Our mathematical model can be extended to any kind of vaccination and therefore can form a basis for policy decisions regarding the distribution of booster vaccines to strengthen immunity in future pandemics.
Early therapy evaluation of intra-arterial trastuzumab injection in a human breast cancer xenograft model using multiparametric MR imaging
Authors: Kim Bo Kyu , Kim Byungjun , You Sung-Hye , Jang Moon-Sun , Im Geun Ho , Kim Keon-Ha
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To investigate the treatment efficacy of intra-arterial (IA) trastuzumab treatment using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a human breast cancer xenograft model.

Materials and methods

Human breast cancer cells (BT474) were stereotaxically injected into the brains of nude mice to obtain a xenograft model. The mice were divided into four groups and subjected to different treatments (IA treatment [IA-T], intravenous treatment [IV-T], IA saline injection [IA-S], and the sham control group). MRI was performed before and at 7 and 14 d after treatment to assess the efficacy of the treatment. The tumor volume, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and Vp) were measured.

Results

Tumor volumes in the IA-T group at 14 d after treatment were significantly lower than those in the IV-T group (13.1 mm3[interquartile range 8.48–16.05] vs. 25.69 mm3[IQR 20.39–30.29], p = 0.005), control group (IA-S, 33.83 mm3[IQR 32.00–36.30], p<0.01), and sham control (39.71 mm3[IQR 26.60–48.26], p <0.001). The ADC value in the IA-T group was higher than that in the control groups (IA-T, 7.62 [IQR 7.23–8.20] vs. IA-S, 6.77 [IQR 6.48–6.87], p = 0.044 and vs. sham control, 6.89 [IQR 4.93–7.48], p = 0.004). Ktrans was significantly decreased following the treatment compared to that in the control groups (p = 0.002 and p<0.001 for vs. IA-S and sham control, respectively). Tumor growth was decreased in the IV-T group compared to that in the sham control group (25.69 mm3[IQR 20.39–30.29] vs. 39.71 mm3[IQR 26.60–48.26], p = 0.27); there was no significant change in the MRI parameters.

Conclusion

IA treatment with trastuzumab potentially affects the early response to treatment, including decreased tumor growth and decrease of Ktrans, in a preclinical brain tumor model.
Critical COVID-19, Victivallaceae abundance, and celiac disease: A mediation Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zou Yuxin , Pan Manyi , Zhou Tianyu , Yan Lifeng , Chen Yuntian , Yun Junjie , Wang Zhihua , Guo Huaqi , Zhang Kai , Xiong Weining
Published: May 2024

Celiac disease exhibits a higher prevalence among patients with coronavirus disease 2019. However, the potential influence of COVID-19 on celiac disease remains uncertain. Considering the significant association between gut microbiota alterations, COVID-19 and celiac disease, the two-step Mendelian randomization method was employed to investigate the genetic causality between COVID-19 and celiac disease, with gut microbiota as the potential mediators. We employed the genome-wide association study to select genetic instrumental variables associated with the exposure. Subsequently, these variables were utilized to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the risk of celiac disease and its potential influence on gut microbiota. Employing a two-step Mendelian randomization approach enabled the examination of potential causal relationships, encompassing: 1) the effects of COVID-19 infection, hospitalized COVID-19 and critical COVID-19 on the risk of celiac disease; 2) the influence of gut microbiota on celiac disease; and 3) the mediating impact of the gut microbiota between COVID-19 and the risk of celiac disease. Our findings revealed a significant association between critical COVID-19 and an elevated risk of celiac disease (inverse variance weighted [IVW]: P = 0.035). Furthermore, we observed an inverse correlation between critical COVID-19 and the abundance of Victivallaceae (IVW: P = 0.045). Notably, an increased Victivallaceae abundance exhibits a protective effect against the risk of celiac disease (IVW: P = 0.016). In conclusion, our analysis provides genetic evidence supporting the causal connection between critical COVID-19 and lower Victivallaceae abundance, thereby increasing the risk of celiac disease.
Effects of systemic inflammation on the network oscillation in the anterior cingulate cortex and cognitive behavior
Authors: Hirao Ayumi , Hojo Yasushi , Murakami Gen , Ito Rina , Hashizume Miki , Murakoshi Takayuki , Uozumi Naonori
Published: May 2024

Network oscillation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a key role in attention, novelty detection and anxiety; however, its involvement in cognitive impairment caused by acute systemic inflammation is unclear. To investigate the acute effects of systemic inflammation on ACC network oscillation and cognitive function, we analyzed cytokine level and cognitive performance as well as network oscillation in the mouse ACC Cg1 region, within 4 hours after lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 30 μg/kg) administration. While the interleukin-6 concentration in the serum was evidently higher in LPS-treated mice, the increases in the cerebral cortex interleukin-6 did not reach statistical significance. The power of kainic acid (KA)-induced network oscillation in the ACC Cg1 region slice preparation increased in LPS-treated mice. Notably, histamine, which was added in vitro, increased the oscillation power in the brain slices from LPS-untreated mice; for the LPS-treated mice, however, the effect of histamine was suppressive. In the open field test, frequency of entries into the center area showed a negative correlation with the power of network oscillation (0.3 μM of KA, theta band (3–8 Hz); 3.0 μM of KA, high-gamma band (50–80 Hz)). These results suggest that LPS-induced systemic inflammation results in increased network oscillation and a drastic change in histamine sensitivity in the ACC, accompanied by the robust production of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines in the periphery, and that these alterations in the network oscillation and animal behavior as an acute phase reaction relate with each other. We suggest that our experimental setting has a distinct advantage in obtaining mechanistic insights into inflammatory cognitive impairment through comprehensive analyses of hormonal molecules and neuronal functions.
Editorial
Authors: Siebers Johan
Published: May 2024

This issue of the European Journal for Philosophy of Communication (EJPC) (Empedocles) contains a long experimental text on the love of language and the process of self-expression in language, written by Dutch author Ninke Overbeek. The text, originally written in Dutch, was awarded a grant by the Intellect translation fund. We are grateful to Intellect for making the translation possible and creating the opportunity to publish this type of writing in the journal. In addition to Overbeek’s text, this issue contains a critical book review and a reflective essay on aspects of Buber’s dialogical philosophy.
Dialogue for Martin Buber and its importance in present geopolitical realities: A discourse analysis
Authors: Bute Swati Jaywant Rao
Published: May 2024

Martin Buber was an eighteenth-century European thinker, philosopher and scholar. Buber’s thoughts are very relevant and contemporary, even in today’s advanced digital, informational and technological age. We live in a time of heightened tensions and conflict; the article discusses geopolitical realities and the importance of dialogue. It goes over Martin Burrell’s ideas on dialogue. Further, it discusses understanding geopolitics in the light of dialogue. This article concludes that advanced technology is affecting core issues of geopolitics. Only dialogue can provide answers to humanity’s challenges in this changing era. In such a time, the core principles of Martin Buber’s dialogue are more relevant than ever for a way forward that the entire world is looking for in relation to present geopolitical realities.
Communauté (Gemeinschaft), Martin Buber (2018)
Authors: Maroșan Mario Ionuț
Published: May 2024

Review of: Communauté (Gemeinschaft), Martin Buber (2018)

Paris: Éditions de l’éclat, 157 pp.,

ISBN 978-2-84162-432-4, p/bk, €10
Physical activity levels and sleep disturbances in Indonesian primary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gunawan Talitha Dinda , Sekartini Rini
Published: May 2024

Background During the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Indonesian government implemented a large-scale, social restriction policy, including the closure of schools and recreational facilities, which potentially altered children’s physical activity and sleep patterns.
Objective To analyze for a possible association between physical activity levels and sleep disturbances in Indonesian primary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 437 children aged 7-13 years  using data collected online in April-August 2020, including children’s sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity levels, and sleep patterns. The translated Indonesian version of Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and the Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Abbreviated (CSHQ-A) were used to collect data. The data analyzed consisted of sociodemographic factors and physical activity levels, sociodemographic factors and sleep disturbances, and physical activity levels and sleep disturbances.
Results Most children were physically inactive (60.87%) and experienced sleep disturbances (73.23%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Female sex and physical inactivity were significantly associated. Male sex and sleep disturbances were significantly associated. Age 7 as the lowest age group was significantly associated with sleep disturbances. There was no significant association (P=0.248) between physical activity levels and sleep disturbances.
Conclusion Most Indonesian primary school students were physically inactive and had sleep disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Female sex and physical inactivity were significantly associated, while male sex and sleep disturbances were significantly associated, age 7 (lower age group) and sleep disturbances were significantly associated. There was no significant association between physical activity levels and sleep disturbances in Indonesian primary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ultrasound vs. standard radiography to determine peripherally-inserted central catheter tip location
Authors: Thimoty James , Ifran Evita Karianni B. , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati
Published: May 2024

Background The use of a peripherally-inserted central catheter (PICC) has increased in preterm neonates to facilitate the administration of total parenteral nutrition. Standard radiography (thoracoabdominal X-ray) is the gold standard for determining the position of the PICC tip. However, radiography is not always accurate, influenced by the position of the extremities and anatomic variations, time-consuming procedural process, involves radiation, and is costly. Ultrasonography (USG) may serve as an easier, safer, less costly, and more real-time alternative in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients.
Objective To assess the accuracy of USG use in determining PICC tip position compared to that of standard radiography.
Methods This diagnostic study was conducted in the NICU at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. The PICCs were placed using standard NICU procedure, then the tip position was evaluated using the USG immediately before standard radiography was performed. A 2x2 table was constructed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the two modalities.
Results A total of 29 neonates were included in our study. Subjects’ mean gestational age and weight were 31.7 weeks and 1,618.9 g respectively. Concordance of PICC tip positioning between standard radiography and USG occurred in 27 neonates (93.1%). USG had 88.89% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 93.1% diagnostic accuracy.
Conclusion USG has excellent diagnostic accuracy for confirmation of the PICC tip position.
Hipotireoidismo na infância, na adolescência e no adulto: Revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Pires Araquam Anna Karoline , Correia de Souza Arthur Eduardo , Borges Araujo Gomes Brasil Lays , de Oliveira Gomes Maria Luiza , Ferreira da Costa Moises João , Dos Santos Felix Perla Theyssa , Layla Albuquerque Torres de Andrade Lima
Published: May 2024

O hipotireoidismo é um distúrbio do metabolismo sistêmico caracterizado pela produção deficiente dos hormônios tireoidianos. As etiologias mais prevalentes se modificam pela faixa etária, sexo e epidemiologia, destacando-se o Hipotireoidismo Congênito em recém-nascidos e crianças e a Tireoidite de Hashimoto em adolescentes e adultos. O diagnóstico pode ocorrer tanto pelo programa de triagem neonatal, quanto em postos e redes de saúde da família pelo exame físico e dosagem laboratorial dos hormônios TSH, T4 Livre.  A literatura apresenta protocolos atualizados em diagnóstico e tratamento especificado para cada grupo estudado. Com objetivo de trazer à tona as principais informações sobre o hipotireoidismo, revisar conformações já consolidadas pelo meio médico e acrescentar conhecimento sobre as novidades em diagnóstico e tratamento desenvolvidos nas últimas décadas, possibilitando ao médico generalista desenvolver o conhecimento necessário para manejar o paciente com as suas especificações.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: May 2024
Authors: Haddad Fady Georges
Published: May 2024

Article Title: Efficacy and Safety of Ustekinumab for Ulcerative Colitis Through 4 Years: Final Results of the UNIFI Long-term Maintenance Study
STUDY OF THE HEIGHT MEASUREMENT OF THE SUPERIOR NASAL CONCHA IN RELATION TO THE SKULL BASE IN PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT ENDOSCOPIC NASAL SURGERY AT IPO HOSPITAL
Authors: Demes Felippe Paraguassu , Santos Marco César Jorge dos , Filho Roberto Hyczy Ribeiro
Published: May 2024

The nasal conchae are able to increase the volume of the nasal mucosa and regulate the respiratory flow. In embryology, while the inferior turbinate is a separate structure, the middle, superior, and supreme turbinates originate from the uppermost portion of the septum. In surgical access to the posterior sinuses, especially the sphenoid sinus, and in the access to the skull base, the identification of the superior turbinate is very important, as this structure is connected superiorly to the skull base and is in front of the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. Based on this premise, in this study we investigated the measurement of the height of the superior nasal concha in relation to the skull base, in the intraoperative period and CT scans of facial sinuses, in 20 patients who underwent endoscopic nasal surgery at the IPO Hospital. Then, we averaged and compared those data. We concluded that tomographic measurements do not adequately predict intraoperative measurements. Therefore, we must consider the mean intraoperative measurement of the height of the superior nasal concha in relation to the skull base as an important parameter in order to avoid complications during the surgical procedure — an unprecedented data in the medical literature to date.
EVIDENCE-BASED OTOPLASTY WITH AUGMENTED REALITY: FIXATION OF THE REMNANT CONCHA IN THE MASTOID REGION
Authors: Soares Caio Marcio Correia , Soares Pedro Aguiar
Published: May 2024

This article demonstrates the evolution of knowledge transmission through augmented reality (AR) for a safer procedure for otoplasty surgery. The fixation of the remaining concha in the mastoid region is a fundamental step, as it allows solving the bad positioning of the auricular pavilion, providing its retropositioning, simultaneously, with the superior rotation.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS ON THE CHOICE OF FACE SURGERY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGERY AT HOSPITAL PARANAENSE DE OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Authors: Olivo Aline Fachin , Bortoli Vinicius Tomadon , Mann Nicolle Cristini Blanguer
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Social Networks Are An Integral Part Of Contemporary Society, Influencing The Way Interpersonal Relationships And The Doctor-patient Relationship Occur, Showing A Possible Influence Of These Means On Decision-making For Surgical Procedures. Objectives: To Identify The Influence Of Social Networks And Other Factors Such As Self-perception And Functional Changes, In The Intention To Undergo Facial Surgeries. Material And Methods: Prospective Study Carried Out From July To September 2022 In Patients Undergoing Facial Surgery At The Ipo Hospital Who Were Evaluated Using A Questionnaire. Including Age, Gender, Factors That Helped In The Decision For Such Procedure, Related Factors The Search For Information About The Professional And Personal Preferences In Relation To This Type Of Content. Results: Among The 49 Patients Included In The Study, 43 Were Female And 6 Were Male, With A Mean Age Of 37 Years. Of These, 39 Underwent Rhinoplasty. Self-perception Was Evaluated As A Determining Factor For The Decision To Perform The Procedure (79.6%). Patients Aged ≤ 30 Years Are Significantly Different Regarding The Use Of Instagram (use More), Facebook (use Less). Conclusion: Social Networks Are Important Tools In The Decision To Undergo Facial Surgeries, But Self-perception Was The Determining Factor. The Instagram Platform Was The Network Most Sought After By Patients When Seeking Information About Their Surgeons. The Media Format Preferred By Patients Is Short Duration (up To 1 Minute).
INFECTIONS IN FUNCTIONAL AND AESTHETIC RHINOSEPTOPLASTY: NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Benedet Melissa Ern , Baptista João Pedro Ribeiro , Ville Ana Paula Matzenbacher , Staszczak Leticia , Mocellin Marcos , Macedo Filho Evaldo Dacheux de
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Rhinoseptoplasty is among the most performed surgical procedures in the world. Postoperative infection is the second major complication, and there is still no consensus on the use of antibiotics in prophylaxis. Methodology: Review articles from the last 10 years to describe and discuss the benefits of using antibiotic prophylaxis in this procedure. Results: Found 12 articles on the subject, analyzing the postoperative complications and the use of antibiotics. Discussion: Infection, despite being the second main complication after the procedure, is rare. The use of prophylactic antibiotics is recommended in books that describe the procedure, however, studies show that there is no great benefit in its use without a good preoperative evaluation. Two other studies also suggest that the culture of the site to be operated on could better support the use of antimicrobials. Conclusion: Antibiotic prophylaxis should be indicated with caution as it may favor antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, there is no consensus in the literature about the real benefit of its use.
cCOMPARISON OF PHOTOCEPHALOMETRY METHODS IN RHINOPLASTY
Authors: Neiva Laura Gonçalves Almeida , Souza Thiago Sasso Carmona De
Published: May 2024

Cephalometric measurements are widely used and essential when planning rhinoplasty and other surgical and non-surgical facial interventions. They provide measurements and simulations, which are extremely useful both for more iterative communication with the patient, as well as for more accurate planning of surgical techniques and maneuvers to be used during surgery. Despite its importance in facial aesthetic evaluation, the different forms of implementation often generate misunderstanding by professionals when planning and simulating images because they suffer from slight distortions in relation to the real measurement. The main objective of the present study was to compare three measuring instruments used in the facial surgeon’s clinical practice: rigid ruler (RR), millimeter glasses (MG), and millimeter adhesive tape (MAT), evaluating whether there would be a difference between the measurements obtained by each of them in the analysis of digital photographic images. It was observed that in the profile view all the instruments used presented significantly different measurements from each other, and something similar was verified in the frontal view when comparing MG and MAT with RR. It was evident that the use of these widely disseminated objects, despite initially appearing useful, can bring different values to each other, eventually leading to inaccurate measurements, planning, and simulations. New studies are necessary to elucidate which of the methodologies would be the most appropriate for estimating real measurements.
AUDIOLOGICAL RESPONSE IN THE USE OF INTRATYMPANIC DEXAMETHASONE IN SUDDEN DEAFNESS AT HOSPITAL IPO
Authors: Tomiyoshi Marcelo Hannemann , Rezende Rodrigo Kopp , Netto Luiz Patrial , Sens Patricia Maria , Santos Lisandra Megumi Arima dos , Oliveira Adriana Kosma Pires de
Published: May 2024

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an otolaryngological urgency yet to be fully understood, which can be treated with intratympanic steroid injections (ITSI), a treatment that, yet does not have a strict protocol. The objective of this study was to assess de efficacy of ITSI in patients afflicted with SSNHL treated in Hospital IPO. For that, thirty-four patients who underwent ITSI had their charts and audiometric exams reviewed to assess treatment efficacy both in audiological and symptomatic improvement and certain factors that could influence a positive outcome. In a mostly female (64.7%) study group, with an average 52.5 years that underwent ITSI as a secondary treatment in 91.2% of cases, the use of such treatment resulted in audiological improvement in 50% of patients and symptomatic improvement in 61.2%. There was significant correlation between less advanced age groups and number of injections and better treatment results. Nonsignificant parameters were in accordance with current literature, which is still divided on what impacts the positive treatment outcome. ITSI with dexamethasone in our study group matches efficacy rates in current literature. Some aspects deserve more study to create a protocol of ITSI use and improve its effectiveness.
ANALYSIS OF THE NASAL MICROBIOME IN PATIENTS PRE AND POST RHINOPLASTY: EXPLORING THE POSSIBLE CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS IN A PRIVATE HOSPITAL AND OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Authors: Silva Michel da , Soares Caio M. , Soares Pedro Aguiar
Published: May 2024

Rhinoplasty is a common and effective plastic surgery to improve the aesthetics of the nose and, in some cases, respiratory function. This surgery remodels nasal structures, not only visibly, but also affecting the nasal microbiota, a community of microorganisms. The objective of this study was to understand how rhinoplasty influences the nasal microbiota, focusing on the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria, as well as the clinical implications of these changes. To investigate these changes, the research was conducted in a private otorhinolaryngology hospital environment. Bilateral nasal swabs were collected and bacterial culture was performed. Statistical analysis was used to explore possible associations between altered nasal microbiota and postoperative complications, as well as the quality of healing and recovery time of patients undergoing rhinoplasty. In 8 patients, rhinoplasty showed an initial prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (62.5%) and Klebsiella aerogenes (25%). After surgery, 66.7% presented undetected results, suggesting a potential improvement in the nasal microbiota. Individual variability highlights the need for personalized approaches in preventing post-surgical infections. No statistically significant correlation was observed between nasal microbiota and surgical complications. Other characteristics were not significant on the effect of surgery and culture results. This research deepened the understanding of the nasal microbiome in patients undergoing rhinoplasty. In total, data from 8 patients were analyzed, revealing intriguing microbiological patterns. The decrease in post-surgery bacterial detection suggests potential benefits in reducing infectious risks, pointing to practical implications in clinical practice. Although valuable, we recognize the limitations of the study, encouraging future expansive research to consolidate and expand this knowledge.v
Leadership Coaching: Enduring Lessons From Mythology
Authors: Forbes Raymond L.
Published: May 2024

The juxtaposition of leadership coaching and mythology together in the same sentence is probably enough in itself to set traditionalists on edge. How could a look at the myths of cultures thousands of years old possibly benefit a leadership coach working in a modern, complex, technologically-oriented society? While much of the current literature on leadership coaching takes a non-historical, rational-empirical approach to the subject, a great deal of practical, useful insight can be gained from assessing lessons derived from mythology.  The content of leadership coaching typically focuses on the resolution of professional and organizational issues in the present and on the future development of the client.  This paper will attempt to show that enduring lessons derived from a look at the mythology of six different ancient cultures are both relevant and useful to the Leadership Coach of today.
Minimum Strongly Connected Subgraph Collection in Dynamic Graphs
Authors: Chen Xin , Shi Jieming , Peng You , Lin Wenqing , Wang Sibo , Zhang Wenjie
Published: May 2024

Real-world directed graphs are dynamically changing, and it is important to identify and maintain the strong connectivity information between nodes, which is useful in numerous applications. Given an input graphG, we study a new problem,minimum strongly connected subgraph collection(MSCSC), which asks for a complete collection of subgraphs, each of which contains amaximalset of nodes that are strongly connected to each other viaminimumnumber of edges inG.

MSCSC is NP-hard, and its computation and maintenance are challenging, especially on large-scale dynamic graphs. Thus, we resort to approximate MSCSC with theoretical guarantees. We develop a series of approximate MSCSC methods for both static and dynamic graphs. Specifically, we first develop a static MSCSC method MSC that only needs one scan of the graphG, runs in linear timew.r.t., the number of edges, and provides rigorous approximation guarantees. Then, based on MSC, we leverage a reduced directed acyclic graph ofGto design incremental MSCSC method MSCiwith two variants to handle edge insertions efficiently. We further develop MSCdthat updates MSCSC under edge deletions by efficiently scanning only locally affected subgraphs. Moreover, to demonstrate the high utility, we conduct two use case studies to apply our MSCSC methods to boost the efficiency of dynamic strongly connected component (SCC) maintenance and dynamic SCC-based reachability index maintenance. Extensive experiments on 8 large graphs, including 3 billion-edge graphs, validate the superior efficiency of our methods.