bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Governance of Oil Spills from Upstream Petroleum Activities in the Arctic: Response over Prevention?
Authors: Shapovalova-Krout Daria
Published: March 2019

Discovery of petroleum resources in Arctic waters and the rapid loss of sea ice raise concerns over environmental risks of oil development in Arctic waters. One of the biggest threats to the marine environment from offshore oil production is a large-scale oil spill, akin to Deepwater Horizon. The challenging operating conditions, lack of infrastructure and effective clean-up techniques in the Arctic conditions exacerbate the need to ensure robust regulation of petroleum activities in the region. Whereas national laws vary extensively across the Arctic States, international law does not offer a uniform approach to prevention of and response to oil spills. This paper examines the scope and application of the relevant treaties and argues that a regulatory gap exists in the prevention of oil spills and addressing the challenges of response in Arctic conditions. It further suggests that there is an increasing role for soft-law regional cooperation in addressing these gaps.
Ignorance, Beneficence, and Rights
Authors: Setiya Kieran
Published: March 2019

I argue that ignorance of who will die makes a difference to the ethics of killing. It follows that reasons are subject to ‘specificity’: it can be rational to respond more strongly to facts that provide us with reasons than to the fact that such reasons exist. In the case of killing and letting die, these reasons are distinctively particular: they turn on personal acquaintance. The theory of rights must be, in part, a theory of this relation.
Defensive (anti-herbivory) Batesian mimicry in plants
Authors: Lev-Yadun Simcha
Published: March 2019

Several types of defensive Batesian mimicry seem to be much more common in plants than was historically and is currently considered. It is based either on visual aspects (shape, coloration, and even movement), on odors, and on combinations of both these sensing modalities. Various characters that seem to function as defensive Batesian mimicry, may also simultaneously take part in pollination, physiological functions, or in other defensive mechanisms. The defended models for the visual Batesian mimics in plants belong to several categories: (1) spiny, thorny and prickly plant species, (2) mechanically or chemically defended parts of the same individual plant, or other members of the same species (auto mimicry), (3) colorful and chemically defended plants, (4) dangerous animals (aggressive, toxic), (5) fungal attacks, (6) animal action and animal damage cues, and (7) oozing defensive white latex. Olfactory defended models include: (1) toxic plants, (2) animal alarm pheromones, and (3) animal carrion and feces odors. Many more descriptive, genetic, phylogenetic and experimental studies have to be done in order to better understand the role of defensive Batesian mimicry in plant biology.
Germination behavior of Sarcopoterium spinosum in response to smoke chemicals indicates adaptation to fire in the southeastern Mediterranean
Authors: Golan Sivan , Waitz Yoni , Ziffer-Berger Jotham , Barzilai Michal , Hanin Nir , Henkin Zalmen , Barazani Oz
Published: March 2019

Germination behavior of the widespread southeastern Mediterranean shrub Sarcopoterium spinosum was conducted to assess its respond to post-fire cues. Germination experiments were conducted on 10 populations along a rainfall gradient – from productive, fuel-rich and fire-prone mesic Mediterranean populations, as well as from those in arid and fuel-poor environments. Our results indicate that post-fire cues induced germination of S. spinosum only among populations that originated from sites that are prone to wild fires. As wild-fires in this region occur mainly during the long dry season, but rarely ignited by natural factors, the adaptation to human made fires in natural populations of the southeastern Mediterranean environments is discussed.
Aspidistra corniculata (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae), a new species from Vietnam
Authors: VISLOBOKOV NIKOLAY A. , KUZNETSOV ANDREY N. , KUZNETSOVA SVETLANA P. , KUZMICHEVA EVGENIYA A.
Published: March 2019

Aspidistra corniculata is described and illustrated here as a new species from northern Vietnam. In flower structure, A. corniculata resembles A. lubae, A. marasmioides, A. multiflora and A. zinaidae but possesses hornlike connective appendages in stamens that distinguish it from all the other close species.
Aquimonospora tratensis gen. et sp. nov. (Diaporthomycetidae, Sordariomycetes), a new lineage from a freshwater habitat in Thailand
Authors: YANG JING , LIU JIAN-KUI (JACK) , HYDE KEVIN D. , JONES E.B. GARETH , LUO ZONG-LONG , LIU ZUO-YI
Published: March 2019

An interesting hyphomycetous taxon was collected on submerged wood in a freshwater stream in Trat Province, Thailand. It is morphologically similar to endophragmiella-like taxa, characterized by macronematous, mononematous conidiophores, monoblastic, enteroblastic conidiogenous cells and clavate to obovoid, septate brown conidia. The unique feature of this taxon is that the mature conidium often bears a young new conidial primordium which develops percurrently from a lower semi-transparent cell and they secede simultaneously. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined LSU, SSU and RPB2 sequence data support the placement of this fungus together with Platytrachelon and close to the family Papulosaceae within Diaporthomycetidae, Sordariomycetes. A new genus is introduced to accommodate the new taxon as Aquimonospora. The novel species Aquimonospora tratensis is described and illustrated and is compared with other morphologically similar taxa.
Toward Convective-Scale Prediction within the Next Generation Global Prediction System
Authors: Zhou Linjiong , Lin Shian-Jiann , Chen Jan-Huey , Harris Lucas M. , Chen Xi , Rees Shannon L.
Published: March 2019

The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) has developed a new variable-resolution global model with the ability to represent convective-scale features that serves as a prototype of the Next Generation Global Prediction System (NGGPS). The goal of this prediction system is to maintain the skill in large-scale features while simultaneously improving the prediction skill of convectively driven mesoscale phenomena. This paper demonstrates the new capability of this model in convective-scale prediction relative to the current operational Global Forecast System (GFS). This model uses the stretched-grid functionality of the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere Dynamical Core (FV3) to refine the global 13-km uniform-resolution model down to 4-km convection-permitting resolution over the contiguous United States (CONUS), and implements the GFDL single-moment 6-category cloud microphysics to improve the representation of moist processes. Statistics gathered from two years of simulations by the GFS and select configurations of the FV3-based model are carefully examined. The variable-resolution FV3-based model is shown to possess global forecast skill comparable with that of the operational GFS while quantitatively improving skill and better representing the diurnal cycle within the high-resolution area compared to the uniform mesh simulations. Forecasts of the occurrence of extreme precipitation rates over the southern Great Plains are also shown to improve with the variable-resolution model. Case studies are provided of a squall line and a hurricane to demonstrate the effectiveness of the variable-resolution model to simulate convective-scale phenomena.
Evolution of Ocean Heat Content Related to ENSO
Authors: Cheng Lijing , Trenberth Kevin E. , Fasullo John T. , Mayer Michael , Balmaseda Magdalena , Zhu Jiang
Published: March 2019

As the strongest interannual perturbation to the climate system, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates the year-to-year variability of the ocean energy budget. Here we combine ocean observations, reanalyses, and surface flux data with Earth system model simulations to obtain estimates of the different terms affecting the redistribution of energy in the Earth system during ENSO events, including exchanges between ocean and atmosphere and among different ocean basins, and lateral and vertical rearrangements. This comprehensive inventory allows better understanding of the regional and global evolution of ocean heat related to ENSO and provides observational metrics to benchmark performance of climate models. Results confirm that there is a strong negative ocean heat content tendency (OHCT) in the tropical Pacific Ocean during El Niño, mainly through enhanced air–sea heat fluxes Q into the atmosphere driven by high sea surface temperatures. In addition to this diabatic component, there is an adiabatic redistribution of heat both laterally and vertically (0–100 and 100–300 m) in the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans that dominates the local OHCT. Heat is also transported and discharged from 20°S–5°N into off-equatorial regions within 5°–20°N during and after El Niño. OHCT and Q changes outside the tropical Pacific Ocean indicate the ENSO-driven atmospheric teleconnections and changes of ocean heat transport (i.e., Indonesian Throughflow). The tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans warm during El Niño, partly offsetting the tropical Pacific cooling for the tropical oceans as a whole. While there are distinct regional OHCT changes, many compensate each other, resulting in a weak but robust net global ocean cooling during and after El Niño.
Circumglobal Response to Prescribed Soil Moisture over North America
Authors: Teng Haiyan , Branstator Grant , Tawfik Ahmed B. , Callaghan Patrick
Published: March 2019

A series of idealized prescribed soil moisture experiments is performed with the atmosphere/land stand-alone configuration of the Community Earth System Model, version 1, in an effort to find sources of predictability for high-impact stationary wave anomalies observed in recent boreal summers. We arbitrarily prescribe soil water to have a zero value at selected domains in the continental United States and run 100-member ensembles to examine the monthly and seasonal mean response. Contrary to the lack of a substantial response in the boreal winter, the summertime circulation response is robust, consistent, and circumglobal. While the stationary wave response over the North America and North Atlantic sectors can be well explained by the reaction of a linear dynamical system to heating anomalies caused by the imposed dry land surface, nonlinear processes involving synoptic eddies play a crucial role in forming the remote response in Eurasia and the North Pacific Ocean. A number of other possible factors contributing to the circulation responses are also discussed. Overall, the experiments suggest that, in the boreal summer, soil moisture may contribute to the predictability of high-impact stationary wave events, which can impact regions that are great distances from these source regions.
Beliefs About Sensitive Parenting Among Chinese Cross-Generational Caregivers: The Mediating Role of Education
Authors: Wang Lamei , Emmen Rosanneke A. G. , Mesman Judi
Published: March 2019

This study investigated beliefs about sensitive parenting of cross-generational caregivers from urban and rural areas of China. A total sample of 135 urban and rural mothers and grandmothers sorted the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort to indicate their view of the ideal mother. These sorts were compared with the expert sort reflecting the highly sensitive mother as defined in attachment theory. Generally, the caregivers from both generations and both urban and rural residence showed beliefs convergent with the notion of sensitivity. The variation in their sensitivity beliefs could be predicted by the caregivers’ generation and this relation was mediated by the caregivers’ education levels. The mothers’ higher educational level predicted views that were more in line with the experts’ view of sensitivity. Caregivers’ education levels also mediated between their urban or rural residence and sensitivity beliefs. The possible implications for differences in parental care and grandparental care in the Chinese cultural context are discussed.
A fatigue life prediction method from magnetic pole material to simulation part
Authors: Pan Long , Pang Jian Chao , Xie Yu Jun , Zhang Meng Xiao , Nie Liang Liang , Mao Yun Xian , Zhang Zhe Feng
Published: March 2019

Due to the higher reliability needs of the large moving component motor-generator rotor, the assessment of the service life has drawn more and more attention. After finite element analysis of the rotor, the simulation part which can represent the magnetic pole with the most dangerous position of the rotor was designed to investigate the S–N curves. Compared with the conventional specimen, considering the main influencing factors of fatigue life for simulation part, the comprehensive factor was proposed to establish the fatigue life relationship between magnetic pole material and simulation part. It was found that the calculation method of fatigue notch factor based on the notch sensitivity factor is relatively simple and practical, and there is no significant effect of surface roughness on high and low cycle fatigues for low roughness ( R a is about 1 µm), and the dimension factor changes linearly with the scale factor. Based on those results, a fatigue life prediction method was proposed and validated, and the predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental data. This study will provide a reasonable reference to determine the fatigue life prediction of large moving components.
The effects of intermittent light during the evening on sleepiness, sleep electroencephalographic spectral power and performance the next morning
Authors: Yang MQ , Chen QW , Zhu YY , Zhou Q , Geng YG , Lu CC , Wang GF , Yang C-M
Published: March 2019

Most studies on the effects of light exposure have been conducted with continuous light. The present study investigated the effects of intermittent light exposure on sleepiness, mood, electroencephalographic activity during sleep and performance the next morning. Fifteen volunteers were scheduled to come to the sleep laboratory to experience different lighting conditions: intermittent bright light, continuous bright light and continuous dim light. Subjective sleepiness and mood were assessed during light exposure, with electroencephalographic recording during sleep. After waking the next morning, participants filled out questionnaires and went through two cognitive tasks. The results revealed significantly lower ratings of sleepiness after intermittent light exposure, which is not different from the ratings in the continuous bright light condition, and an increase in vitality during later part of the evening and more beta activity during the first 90 minutes of sleep in the intermittent light condition, in comparison with the continuous dim light condition. However, both intermittent and continuous bright light exposure showed no difference from the continuous dim light condition in subjects' mood and cognitive functioning the next morning. The data indicated intermittent light during evening decreased sleepiness, had only minimal impact on mood in the evening, increased beta electroencephalographic activity during sleep, but had no significant influence on cognitive functioning the next morning.
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract alleviates arsenic-induced lung damage through NF-κB signaling
Authors: Hu Yunhua , Wei Meng , Niu Qiang , Ma Rulin , Li Yu , Wang Xianhua , Feng Gangling , Li Shugang , Pang Lijuan
Published: March 2019

Proanthocyanidin has beneficial features such as free radical scavenging, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. There is no study on whether proanthocyanidin could protect against arsenic-induced respiratory inflammatory damage. The aim of the study is to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of proanthocyanidin and the molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. BEAS-2B cells were treated with As2O3, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), and/or BAY 11–7082. Kunming mice were treated with As2O3 and/or GSPE. p-IκB-α, IκB-α, IKKα/β, NF-κBp65, and NF-κBp50 were assessed by Western blot and qRT-PCR. Lung histology was examined. Arsenic affected the histology of the mouse lungs, but GSPE attenuated those effects. As2O3 increased cell apoptosis, which was reversed by GSPE. In cells and mouse lung tissue, arsenic increased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein, and these effects were attenuated by GSPE. In cells and mouse lung tissue, arsenic enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of IKKα, IKKβ, NF-κBp65, and NF-κBp50, while the IκB-α levels were decreased compared with controls. IKKα, IKKβ, NF-κBp65, and NF-κBp50 mRNA and protein levels in the As2O3+GSPE groups were lower and IκB-α levels were higher than that in the arsenic groups. Arsenic-activated NF-κB signaling induced inflammatory damage through the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. GSPE plays a beneficial role against arsenic-induced inflammatory damage through, at least in part, the suppression of the arsenic-induced NF-κB signaling pathway.

Impact statement

Arsenic-induced respiratory inflammatory damage is an important occupational hazard in many areas of the world, particularly in underdeveloped and developing countries. Effective treatments are lacking and expensive. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of proanthocyanidin (PC) and the molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. The present study showed that PC extracted from grape seed could attenuate the lung damage in a mouse model of arsenic poisoning. The effects were observed at the level of lung histology and inflammasome expression. This study suggests that a natural compound is effective in mitigating the toxic effects of arsenic in the lungs, providing an inexpensive and more readily accessible method for treating arsenic exposure in some parts of the world.
Singleton molecular species delimitation based on COI-5P barcode sequences revealed high cryptic/undescribed diversity for Chinese katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Zhou Zhijun , Guo Huifang , Han Li , Chai Jinyan , Che Xuting , Shi Fuming
Published: March 2019

Background

DNA barcoding has been developed as a useful tool for species discrimination. Several sequence-based species delimitation methods, such as Barcode Index Number (BIN), REfined Single Linkage (RESL), Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), a Java program uses an explicit, determinate algorithm to define Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (jMOTU), Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), and Bayesian implementation of the Poisson Tree Processes model (bPTP), were used. Our aim was to estimate Chinese katydid biodiversity using standard DNA barcode cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI-5P) sequences.

Results

Detection of a barcoding gap by similarity-based analyses and clustering-base analyses indicated that 131 identified morphological species (morphospecies) were assigned to 196 BINs and were divided into four categories: (i) MATCH (83/131 = 64.89%), morphospecies were a perfect match between morphospecies and BINs (including 61 concordant BINs and 22 singleton BINs); (ii) MERGE (14/131 = 10.69%), morphospecies shared its unique BIN with other species; (iii) SPLIT (33/131 = 25.19%, when 22 singleton species were excluded, it rose to 33/109 = 30.28%), morphospecies were placed in more than one BIN; (iv) MIXTURE (4/131 = 5.34%), morphospecies showed a more complex partition involving both a merge and a split. Neighbor-joining (NJ) analyses showed that nearly all BINs and most morphospecies formed monophyletic cluster with little variation. The molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) were defined considering only the more inclusive clades found by at least four of seven species delimitation methods. Our results robustly supported 61 of 109 (55.96%) morphospecies represented by more than one specimen, 159 of 213 (74.65%) concordant BINs, and 3 of 8 (37.5%) discordant BINs.

Conclusions

Molecular species delimitation analyses generated a larger number of MOTUs compared with morphospecies. If these MOTU splits are proven to be true, Chinese katydids probably contain a seemingly large proportion of cryptic/undescribed taxa. Future amplification of additional molecular markers, particularly from the nuclear DNA, may be especially useful for specimens that were identified here as problematic taxa.
Potential Role of Metal Chelation to Prevent the Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes
Authors: Calderon Moreno Rossana , Navas-Acien Ana , Escolar Esteban , Nathan David M , Newman Jonathan , Schmedtje John F , Diaz Denisse , Lamas Gervasio A , Fonseca Vivian
Published: March 2019

Context

For decades, there has been epidemiologic evidence linking chronic toxic metal exposure with cardiovascular disease, suggesting a therapeutic role for metal chelation. Given the lack of compelling scientific evidence, however, the indications for metal chelation were never clearly defined. To determine the safety and efficacy of chelation therapy, the National Institutes of Health funded the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT). TACT was the first double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to demonstrate an improvement in cardiovascular outcomes with edetate disodium therapy in patients with prior myocardial infarction. The therapeutic benefit was striking among the prespecified subgroup of patients with diabetes.

Design

We review the published literature focusing on the atherogenic nature of diabetes, as well as available evidence from clinical trials, complete and in progress, of metal chelation with edetate disodium therapy in patients with diabetes.

Results

The TACT results support the concept that ubiquitous toxic metals such as lead and cadmium may be modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, particularly in patients with diabetes.

Conclusions

The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential mechanisms unifying the pathogenesis of atherogenic factors in diabetes with toxic metal exposure, and the potential role of metal chelation.
The role of shared ethnicity in facilitating stepwise migration of educated and skilled individuals: The case of Iranian graduate students in Turkey
Authors: Sadri Homa , Chaichian Mohammad A.
Published: March 2019

In this article, we examine the status of Iranian graduate students as stepwise global skilled migrants who enrol at Turkish universities, but with the intention of moving to their final destination country in the West. Based on survey data we analyse their migration strategies and career plans at mezzo-level, and conclude that more than 72 per cent of respondents can indeed be classified as stepwise migrants. First, Turkey is a preferred intermediate country particularly for migration of Iranian graduate students of Turkish–Azeri ethnolinguistic origins. Second, they use social media to communicate with a global social network of friends to facilitate their move to the final destination country. Third, equipped with accumulated ‘migrant capital’ in Turkey they select a final target country based on its employment prospects, extent of democratic freedoms and the quality of higher education. Finally, while in Turkey, as job seekers they also monitor fluctuations in global demands for skilled workers in their respective disciplines.
Amendments and frames: The Women Making History movement and Malmö migration history
Authors: Björgvinsson Erling , Høg Hansen Anders
Published: March 2019

This article explores existing and emerging frames of writing history involving a push for new modes of telling and writing history/histories. This, from the point of view of a recent movement, in short namedWomen Making History, launched in Malmö, Sweden in 2013 aiming to cover a 100-year period, from when immigration began until the present day. The movement – engaged in activism and archival work and research around the lives and work of women immigrants in the city – took off in 2013 with support from authors engaged in aLiving Archives1research project, and formally ended, though some activity continues, with a book publication in 2016. In collaboration with the movementFeminist DialogueMalmö University researchers (mainly the two authors and students) have been documenting activities and workshops over three years, revealing the voicing of ambivalent identities that wish to maintain a plurality and openness of identifications and directions. These voices do not want to be framed as ‘outsiders’, ‘homogenized others’ or ‘victimized strangers’, and struggle with a feeling of beingamendedto a more homogenous national history – an ambiguous predicament which is investigated in this article through diverse ways of trying to understand how belonging is developed in the notions ofmultidirectionality,multi-logues,amendmentsandre/framing.
Análisis del conocimiento sobre estrategias de enseñanza de futuros profesores de química: vivencia como alumno y reflexión como profesor
Authors: Girotto Júnior Gildo , De Paula Marcela Aparecida , Matazo Deborah Rean Carreiro
Published: March 2019

En el presente trabajo el objetivo fue analizar, a partir de una metodología pautada en la vivencia y en el proceso reflexivo en la formación inicial de profesores de química, el desarrollo de los conocimientos profesionales desde la perspectiva del conocimiento pedagógico del contenido (PCK). A partir de una práctica formativa, con foco en la vivencia de una estrategia de enseñanza por futuros profesores, procuramos investigar el desarrollo de conocimientos acerca de la estrategia de enseñanza jurado simulado, buscando una situación de enseñanza/formación en la cual los licenciados participan y reflexionan sobre la propuesta. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de un instrumento denominado SCoRe, desarrollado con base en otros utilizados en investigaciones sobre el reconocimiento de saberes profesionales a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos fueron analizados por medio del análisis textual discursivo (ATD) y por la correlación de las categorías emergentes de esta con los modelos de PCK reportados en la literatura. A través de las descripciones y representaciones elaboradas por los futuros profesores, se observó la movilización de categorías de conocimiento no solo vinculadas a la estrategia propuesta, sino también relacionados a los límites y posibilidades frente al contexto de aula. Fue posible asociar las reflexiones producidas y las categorías emergentes de la ATD con algunas de aquellas destacadas en el modelo de PCK, relacionando la actividad desarrollada con la práctica profesional.
Comparative analysis of social and political views of Russian and American youth
Authors: Popov Nikolay P.
Published: March 2019

The generation of adults aged 18 to 35 is gaining popularity in Russia and America. They are often referred to as Millennials or post-Millennials and have been greatly influenced by the computer boom and electronic gadgets, Internet and social media.  This digital environment has significantly changed their information consumption, interests, forms of communication with peers and the outside world. Teachers, psychologists and sociologists believe that their psychology and life values ​​have also changed, which brings them closer to their peers around the world than to the older generations in their country. If so, then we should expect changes in the nature of relations between countries (especially when these generations come to power) and a decline in conflict around the world, if new leaders are able to better understand each other sharing common values. The paper provides a comparative analysis of social and political views of younger generations in the United States and Russia. The analysis reveals both numerous common features of their social psychology and value system and differences inherited from the traditions of political culture in their countries, modes of socialization, and stereotypes of thinking.
Total chromium removal from electroplating wastewater using Artocarpus Altilis leaves as adsorbent with continuous flow
Authors: Hardoyo Hardoyo , Prilitasari Nurbaiti Marsas , Natalina Natalina
Published: March 2019

Limbah cair elektroplating yang mengandung kromium (Cr) merupakan limbah yang berbahaya terhadap lingkungan. Limbah tersebut harus diolah terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan.  Salah satu jenis pengolahan limbah cair yang mengandung Cr adalah proses adsorpsi.  Batang dan daun Artocarpus altilis (daun sukun) mempunyai potensi untuk digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk mengolah limbah cair yang mengandung Cr.  Proses aktivasi pada pembuatan adsorben dapat dilakukan secara asam ataupun non asam.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi daun sukun untuk mengadsopsi total Cr yang terkandung dalam limbah cair electroplating.  Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan reactor dari pipa berukuran panjang 12 cm dan diameter 1,3 cm dengan aliran keatas secara kontinyu.  Debit aliran yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebesar 0,255 cm3/det.  Total Cr diukur menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi menggunakan  yang dihasilkan dengan proses  asam dapat mereduksi  total-Cr dari 77,45 mg/l menjadi  0,474 mg/l (99,34) %, sedang adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben yang dihasilkan dengan proses non asam hanya menurunkan total-Cr dari 77,45 mg/l  hingga mencapai 4,753 mg/l (93,86 %).  Adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben daun Sukun yang diproduksi melalui proses asam dapat digunakan untuk mengolah limbah cair electroplating yang mengandung Cr sebab konsentrasi limbah terolah lebih rendah 0,5 mg/l ( sesuai Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No.5, 2014)
First report, along with nomenclature adjustments, of Ulva ohnoi, U. tepida and U. torta (Ulvaceae, Ulvales, Chlorophyta) from northwestern Mexico
Authors: Chávez-Sánchez Tonatiuh , Piñón-Gimate Alejandra , Melton III James T. , López-Bautista Juan Manuel , Casas-Valdez Margarita
Published: March 2019

Examining morphological and anatomical characters, eight bloom-forming Ulva species were identified from La Paz Bay, Gulf of California, Mexico. However, DNA sequencing, using a multi-gene approach (rbcL, ITS2 and tufA) revealed that, of the eight species, four species were genetically distinct, none of which belonged to the species they would have been ascribed based on morpho-anatomical observations. The Ulva lactuca and Ulva rigida morphotypes (blades two cells thick, unbranched, attached by a small discoid holdfast) corresponded to Ulva ohnoi; the Ulva intestinalis morphotype (tubular and smooth thallus, one cell thick) corresponded to Ulva tepida; the Ulva clathrata and Ulva flexuosa morphotypes (tubular to slightly compressed thallus) corresponded to Ulva torta. The Ulva acanthophora morphotype (more or less tubular, profusely branched) did not correspond molecularly to any currently described species. Attempts to sequence the remaining two species, morpho-anatomically identified as Ulva lobata and Ulva nematoidea, were unsuccessful. This study similarly highlights the high degree of cryptic diversity in the genus Ulva, provides a nomenclature adjustment for several species of the genus Ulva from northwestern Mexico and is the first to report U. ohnoi, U. tepida and U. torta for the region.
A simple proof of Pitman–Yor’s Chinese restaurant process from its stick-breaking representation
Authors: Lawless Caroline , Arbel Julyan
Published: March 2019

For a long time, the Dirichlet process has been the gold standard discrete random measure in Bayesian nonparametrics. The Pitman-Yor process provides a simple and mathematically tractable generalization, allowing for a very flexible control of the clustering behaviour. Two commonly used representations of the Pitman-Yor process are the stick-breaking process and the Chinese restaurant process. The former is a constructive representation of the process which turns out very handy for practical implementation, while the latter describes the partition distribution induced. Obtaining one from the other is usually done indirectly with use of measure theory. In contrast, we propose here an elementary proof of Pitman-Yor’s Chinese Restaurant process from its stick-breaking representation.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-bis(3,5-dichloropyridine-4-carboxylato-κ1
O)-bis(μ2-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2
N:N′)cobalt(II)], C22H16Cl4CoN4O6
Authors: Li Xiao-Ling , Feng Kai-Xin , Xin Ling-Yun
Published: March 2019

C22H16Cl4CoN4O6, orthorhombic, P21212 (no. 18), a = 10.1837(5) Å, b = 11.2878(6) Å, c = 11.3984(4) Å, V = 1310.26(11) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0400, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0910, T = 290(2) K.
El Design Thinking como recurso y metodología para la alfabetización visual y el aprendizaje en preescolares de escuelas multigrado de México
Authors: Magro Gutierrez Montserrat , Carrascal Domínguez Silvia
Published: March 2019

El objetivo del trabajo es realizar un estudio sobre la influencia del Design Thinking como recurso y metodología en contextos educativos, con el objetivo de promover un aprendizaje activo de los estudiantes preescolares en Escuelas Multigrado de México. Estas herramientas y metodologías activas actuarán como clave para transformar los entornos de aprendizaje en la Educación Preescolar en escuelas rurales. Los resultados afirman que se puede introducir la innovación en estas aulas a través de la comunicación y el lenguaje visual, aumentando las probabilidades de éxito y sin necesidad de incrementar el número de recursos o mejorar sus infraestructuras. La formación, capacitación y desarrollo creativo e innovador del educador, y el uso de la comunicación y la Alfabetización Visual como piezas y motores de aprendizaje, favorecerán el desarrollo y fortalecimiento del pensamiento creativo, innovador y crítico. A su vez, poner el foco en los estilos y espacios de aprendizaje permitirá una atención bidireccional y sumamente enriquecedora. Por ello, el docente capacitado para investigar, descubrir, imaginar y resolver problemas de forma divergente y en situaciones reales, ha de ser quien lidere este proceso de aprendizaje y transformación del aula de Educación Infantil.
Forming Future Teachers’ Communicative Competences through the Student Scientific Society Activities
Authors: Nagovitsyn Roman S. , Golubeva Irina A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. This article is devoted to the analysis of the process improving communicative qualities of graduates and future subject teachers through the integration of educational and extracurricular activities. The authors analyze main directions of implementation of interpersonal, group and organizational communication in teacher training. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the effectiveness of the program of developing communicative competences on the basis of project activities in the student scientific community by creating special diagnostic tools.
Materials and Methods. As a methodological substantiation of the study, the competence approach is considered; the implementation of the latter, in conjunction with the systemic, innovation-technological, qualitative, activity-oriented and personality-oriented approaches, provides a higher qualitative level of vocational training of future teachers. At the theoretical stage of the study, the foreign and Russian pedagogical theory, practices, standards and solutions to the stated research problem were analyzed. To confirm the effectiveness of the experimental results, methods of mathematical statistical analysis were applied and a special diagnosis was created, compiled in accordance with the Professional Standard of the teacher based on content analysis of the contents of the answers, in terms of the availability of linguistic units of positive and negative connotations. The practical part of the research involved the student scientific community of the Pedagogical Institute.
Results. Based on the created model for the content of the communicative competence of the future teacher, the author’s 72-hour program was developed for 6-month extra-curricular activities. It contained various forms of work: the implementation of brainstorming methods, communicative battles, a round table, essay writing, scientific stand-up, intellectual play, etc. The peculiarity of the program was that in each case, up to three roles were considered: coordinator, creative person, participant. The study presents a new perspective on the monitoring of the quality of education, in particular, the author’s diagnosis of analysis of communicative skills aimed at achieving goals of pedagogical activity .
Discussion and Conclusion. Practical application of the provisions identified in the study on the integration of educational and extracurricular activities for the formation of communicative qualities of students can be realized in the organization of the educational and educational space of a higher educational institution of the pedagogical profile. The qualitative approach used in the study to analyze the labor intensity of educational disciplines in terms of counting credit units to estimate competencies can be applied as one of the indicators of monitoring basic educational programs. The study will be useful for teacher trainers wishing to improve the educational space of various learning or ganizations for this profile of training.
Effect of dietary phytoextracts supplementation on growth performance and blood parameters of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss W. ), cultivated in a recirculation system
Authors: Georgieva K. , Zhelyazkov G.
Published: March 2019

The present research aimed to examine the effect of dietary phytoextracts supplementation on the growth performance, haematological (white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit) and biochemical (glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, ASAT, ALAT) blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.), cultivated in a recirculation system. The fish were divided into 6 groups: one control (C) and five experimental groups in whose food was added phytoextracts of curcumin (EC), paprika (EP), thyme (ET), oregano (EO) and garlic (EG). The inclusion of phytoextracts had no significant effect on growth parameters of fish from EC, EP, ET, EO and EG groups (P>0.05). Statistically significantly lower feed consumption per unit weight gain was observed in EO group vs C (Р<0.05). The phytoextract supplementation had significant influence on some of the haematological (white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin) and biochemical (urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, ASAT, ALAT) blood parameters of rainbow trout.
Queensferry Crossing, UK: scheme, specimen and definition designs
Authors: Hussain Naeem , Hornby Richard , Minto Billy , Carter Matt , Kite Steve
Published: March 2019

This paper describes the development of the new Queensferry Crossing over the Firth of Forth in Scotland, UK, from feasibility study through concept development to specimen and definition designs that crystallised the form and function of the bridge. It describes the creation of the project-specific design criteria for aspects beyond the standards, such as dynamic wind loading and ship impact risk evaluation. It also describes the evaluation of options and definition of scope within the specimen and definition designs that determined the contract for the bridge and ensured that the constructed bridge satisfied the functional, durability, reliability, aesthetic and maintainability needs that such a vital element of infrastructure required in a prominent location. The three-tower cable-stayed bridge with 650 m main spans and overlapping stay cables sets a new precedent for spans and stay-cable layout for this form of bridge.
Nanotechnology and cryptographic protocols: issues and possible solutions
Authors: Shukla Varun , Chaturvedi Atul , Srivastava Neelam
Published: March 2019

Nanotechnology has provided an immense increment in computational power. This high computational strength is very dangerous for existing cryptographic protocols, and the Data Encryption Standard algorithm is a classic example of that. Thus, it is an urgent requirement that new protocols or mathematical methods be developed for data security that can remain secure from fast modern computers powered by nanotechnology. The authors consider the example of military communication, as data communication security in military communication is a matter of national security. The authors present a new method for message exchange for military communication that has never been presented until now. This novelty creates a hard task for intruders, and the authors use steganography as a supporting tool for cryptography. The security of encrypted data increases when the data are hidden in a carrier file. Nobody knows (except the sender and the intended receiver) that there are some hidden data. The authors compare different algorithms for size restrictions because size is an important factor for steganograms and that is the only chance of guessing that the open file contains something suspicious (hidden encrypted data).
La verdad y la justicia frente a la prueba en el proceso penal
Authors: Vicu Maximo , Castillo Galvis Sergio Hernando
Published: March 2019

ResumenEl articulo 361 del Código de Procedimiento Penal prohibe de manera ab- soluta al juez del conocimiento decretar pruebas de oficio, restringiendo la bus- queda de la verdad y la justicia; y por ello, en esta investigación, se pretende establecer la incidencia de los derechos sociales a la verdad y la justicia, por cuenta de la limitación de la prueba oficiosa en el proceso penal; utilizando la hermenéutica y el análisis documental sobre libros, artículos y sentencias de la Corte Suprema de Justicia y la Constitucional previamente clasificados. Se identificaron criterios encontrados entre las Altas Cortes frente a la prohibición de la practica de la prueba de oficio en el sistema adversarial. La posición to- mada por la Corte Constitucional quiebra el sistema jurídico mixto, porque con la prohibición impuesta al juez del conocimiento desconoce los principios a la verdad y la justicia plasmados en el preambulo de la Norma Superior. AbstractThe Article 361 of Criminal Procedure Code absolutely prohibits the order of evidence by the judge, restricting the search for truth and justice. Objective: To establish the incidence of the social rights to the truth and justice by the limitation of the officious evidence in criminal proceedings. We used herme- neutic and documentary analysis of books, articles and judgments of Constitu- tional and Supreme Court Justice previously classified. Results: We identified the criteria exposed by the High Courts in front of the prohibitions of officious evidence in the adversarial system. Conclusions: The position taken by the Constitutional Court brakes the mixed legal system because the prohibition imposed on the judge on the case is unknown principia of truth and justice enshrined in the preamble to the higher standard.
La protección penal ambiental en ecuador. Necesidad de un cambio
Authors: Antúnez Sánchez Alcides , Guanoquiza Tello Lenin Lucas
Published: March 2019

El planeta está destruyéndose, los cambios generan presiones incontenibles provocadas por la acción indolente del hombre en no proteger de manera adecuada a la naturaleza, lo que incide en la deforestación de los bosques húmedos tropicales, la pérdida del suelo cultivable, la contaminación del aire y agua, el cambio climático, la destrucción de la capa de ozono, la pérdida de la diversidad biológica, la extinción de especies, el manejo inadecuado de los desechos tóxicos y basura en las ciudades. Ecuador, precia de ser uno de los países de mayor diversidad dentro de la región del Amazonas, para ello desde la Constitución Política de 1998, se reguló la protección al medio ambiente, potenciada en la Constitución Política de 2008, con la innovación jurídica de reconocer como sujeto a la naturaleza, en reconocimiento a los pueblos originarios a través del sumak kwasay, suma quamaña, en la pacha mama. El ensayo jurídico tiene como objetivo demostrar el reconocimiento expreso y tácito que tiene la naturaleza como sujeto en el texto constitucional ecuatoriano de 2008, lo que ha tributado a su desarrollo en el derecho sustantivo en el ordenamiento jurídico en la materia penal ambiental, incidente en la toma de medidas correctivas ante las conductas antijurídicas ejecutadas por personas jurídicas y naturales, contrarias a la protección de la Gaia. Se utilizaron los métodos de la investigación en su desarrollo, el de análisis síntesis, el histórico jurídico, el de inducción deducción, y el derecho comparado.
El papel de la segunda cámara en el entramado jurídico político: Caso Italia
Authors: Altamirano Santiago Mijael
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo describe el origen histórico de la segunda cámara en los regímenes representativos y en el contexto de las democracias contemporáneas, con especial énfasis en el caso italiano.
EBEVEYNLERİN OKUL ÖNCESİ DÖNEMDEKİ ÇOCUKLARI İÇİN KREŞ TERCİH SEBEPLERİ, KREŞ SEÇERKEN GÖZÖNÜNDE BULUNDURDUKLARI KRİTERLER, VE KREŞTEN BEKLENTİLERİ
Authors: Ceylan Remziye
Published: March 2019

Bu
çalışmada, ailelerin çocukları için bakım türü olarak kurum bakımını tercih
nedenleri, kurumu seçerken gözönünde bulundurdukları özellikler ve kurumun
memnun oldukları ve geliştirilmesini istedikleri yönleri incelenmiştir. Nitel
araştırma yöntemi uygulanarak, ebeveynlerle yapılan görüşmelerle okul öncesi
eğitim kurumuna yönelik ihtiyaç, beklenti ve kurum seçme kriterlerinin tespit
edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan 19 ebeveyn ile mülakat yapılmış ve
yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği uygulanmıştır. Ebeveynlerin tamamı çocuk
kreşe başlayıncaya kadar çocuğun kendi evinde veya bakan kişinin evinde,
anneanne/babaanne, akraba olmayan bir bakıcı, veya anneanne/babaanne desteği
ile akraba olmayan bir bakıcı tarafından bakıldığını ve kurum temelli bakıma
geçme sebeplerinin çocuklarının mutlu olması, sosyalleşmesi ve iyi bir eğitim
alması olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Mevcut kreşi seçmelerinin en önemli sebebi
kreşin yakınlığı ve güvenilirliği olmuş, bunu kreşin fiyatının uygunluğu ve
kendilerinin veya tanıdıklarının tavsiyeleri takip etmiştir. Ebeveynler, en çok
öğretmenlerin ilgi, yaklaşım ve ulaşılabilirliğinden memnun olmuşlar; ayrıca
kreşteki eğitim faaliyetlerinden ve sosyal faaliyetlerin çeşitliliği ve
faaliyetlere katılımda esneklikten hoşlanmıştır. Ebeveveynler mevcut kreşten
beklentileri arasında eğitimin bireyselleştirilmesi, kreşin ev ortamına benzer
bir ortam olması, içeride ve dışarıda daha çok oyun ve hareket sağlanması, ve
bilgilendirme ön plana çıkmıştır.