bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parenteral thiamine for prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill adults: a systematic review protocol
Authors: McKenzie Cathrine A. , Page Valerie J. , Strain W. David , Blackwood Bronagh , Ostermann Marlies , Taylor David , Spronk Peter E. , McAuley Daniel F.
Published: June 2020

Background

Delirium is an acute confusional state, common in critical illness and associated with cognitive decline. There is no effective pharmacotherapy to prevent or treat delirium, although it is scientifically plausible that thiamine could be effective. Thiamine studies in dementia patients are inconclusive. Aside from small numbers, all used oral administration: bioavailability of thiamine is poor; parenteral thiamine bypasses this. In the UK, parenteral thiamine is administered as a compound vitamin B and C solution (Pabrinex®). The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of parenteral thiamine (alone or in a compound solution) in preventing or treating delirium in critical illness.

Methods

We will search for studies in electronic databases (MEDLINE (Pro-Quest), EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, CNKI, AMED, and Cochrane CENTRAL), clinical trials registries (WHO International Clinical Trials Registry, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Controlled-trials.com), and grey literature (Google Scholar, conference proceedings, and Index to Theses). We will perform complementary searches of reference lists of included studies, relevant reviews, clinical practice guidelines, or other pertinent documents (e.g. official documents and government reports). We will consider quasi-randomised or randomised controlled trials in critically ill adults. We will include studies that evaluate parenteral thiamine versus standard of care, placebo, or any other non-pharmacological or pharmacological interventions. The primary outcomes will be the delirium core outcome set, including incidence and severity of delirium and cognition. Secondary outcomes are adapted from the ventilation core outcome set: duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay, and adverse events incidence. Screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment will be undertaken independently by two reviewers. If data permits, we will conduct meta-analyses using a random effects model and, where appropriate, sensitivity and subgroup analyses to explore sources of heterogeneity.

Discussion

This review will provide evidence for the effectiveness of parental thiamine in the prevention or treatment of delirium in critical care. Findings will contribute to establishing the need for a multicentre study of parenteral thiamine in the prevention and treatment of critical care delirium.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42019118808
On positive solutions of a system of equations generated by Hadamard fractional operators
Authors: Abdalla Amira M. , Salem Hussein A. H. , Cichoń Kinga
Published: June 2020

This paper is devoted to studying some systems of quadratic differential and integral equations with Hadamard-type fractional order integral operators. We concentrate on general growth conditions for functions generating right-hand side of considered systems, which leads to the study of Hadamard-type fractional operators on Orlicz spaces. Thus we need to prove some properties of such type of operators. In contrast to the case of Caputo or Riemann–Liouville type of fractional operators, it is not a convolution-type operator, so we need to study some of their new properties. Some more general problems than systems of quadratic integral equations are also studied, and the results are new even in the context of a single integral equation with the Hadamard fractional operator. The paper concludes with illustrative examples.
Patent ductus venosus and exercise related pulmonary hypertension: a case of a young adult with successful surgery closure
Authors: Serra Walter , Placci Angelo , Rossi Cristina , Cecchini Stefano
Published: June 2020

The patent ductus venosus is an embryological portosystemic shunt that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava and it can be diagnosed incidentally or in subjects suffering from hepatic encephalopathy, hypoxemia or hypoglycaemia. Sometimes it can be found in patients with cardiac defects or hypoxia caused by pulmonary arteriovenous shunting.

Case presentation

A 34-year-old male patient was referred to our medical centre for further evaluation of abdominal pain and moderate exertional dyspnoea. An exercise stress echocardiogram was performed in order to understand the mechanism of the exertional dyspnoea. The test was interrupted due to dyspnoea and desaturation and an estimated pulmonary pressure value of 65 mmHg was detected. Exercise pulmonary hypertension (PH) seems to represent the hemodynamic manifestation of early pulmonary vascular disease, acting as a possible transitional phase anticipating resting PH.

An MRI of the abdomen showed the presence of a portosystemic shunt from a patent ductus venosus, associated with stenosis of the celiac tripod artery. A CT scan, of the pulmonary circulation, showed a normal pulmonary venous return,mediastinal vessel a normal pulmonary artery. Subsequently, taking into consideration the large size (> 25 mm) of the duct, treatment (closure) of the patent ductus venosus with the help of a detachable vascular plug device was not feasible and open surgery rather than a percutaneous invasive approach would be advisable.

Conclusion

Persistent ductus venous can lead to pulmonary arteriovenous shunt fistula and exercise related pulmonary hypertension. Percutaneous or surgical closure requires detailed planning and an anatomical and physiological evaluations.
Evaluation of canine teeth crown reduction technique in macaques
Authors: Kim Su-Mi , Kim Jong-Min
Published: June 2020

Background

The reduction of canine teeth in adult males in whom permanent canine teeth eruption occurs should be considered due to the safety of humans or other monkeys. The objective of this study was to evaluate the complications of canine teeth reduction in macaques. Case presentation: Canine teeth reductions were performed in 8 rhesus and 2 cynomolgus macaques. Complications related to canine teeth reduction were evaluated at one to three week intervals during the experimental period by gross examination, CBC, and monitoring of appetite. One monkey showed a fistula due to periapical abscess and neutrophilia more than 2 years after canine teeth reduction, and extraction of the diseased canine tooth was performed; the other 9 monkeys showed no complications during the observation period. This report shows the effectiveness of canine teeth reduction with few complications.

Conclusion

Canine teeth reduction in male macaques is an acceptable procedure for reducing the severity of injury to humans or other monkeys.
Reduced Monocytic Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR Expression Indicates Immunosuppression in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Spinetti Thibaud , Hirzel Cedric , Fux Michaela , Walti Laura N. , Schober Patrick , Stueber Frank , Luedi Markus M. , Schefold Joerg C.
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND:

The cellular immune system is of pivotal importance with regard to the response to severe infections. Monocytes/macrophages are considered key immune cells in infections and downregulation of the surface expression of monocytic human leukocyte antigen-DR (mHLA-DR) within the major histocompatibility complex class II reflects a state of immunosuppression, also referred to as injury-associated immunosuppression. As the role of immunosuppression in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently unclear, we seek to explore the level of mHLA-DR expression in COVID-19 patients.

METHODS:

In a preliminary prospective monocentric observational study, 16 COVID-19–positive patients (75% male, median age: 68 [interquartile range 59–75]) requiring hospitalization were included. The median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II (APACHE-II) score in 9 intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute respiratory failure was 30 (interquartile range 25–32). Standardized quantitative assessment of HLA-DR on monocytes (cluster of differentiation 14+ cells) was performed using calibrated flow cytometry at baseline (ICU/hospital admission) and at days 3 and 5 after ICU admission. Baseline data were compared to hospitalized noncritically ill COVID-19 patients.

RESULTS:

While normal mHLA-DR expression was observed in all hospitalized noncritically ill patients (n = 7), 89% (8 of 9) critically ill patients with COVID-19–induced acute respiratory failure showed signs of downregulation of mHLA-DR at ICU admission. mHLA-DR expression at admission was significantly lower in critically ill patients (median, [quartiles]: 9280 antibodies/cell [6114, 16,567]) as compared to the noncritically ill patients (30,900 antibodies/cell [26,777, 52,251]), with a median difference of 21,508 antibodies/cell (95% confidence interval [CI], 14,118–42,971), P = .002. Reduced mHLA-DR expression was observed to persist until day 5 after ICU admission.

CONCLUSIONS:

When compared to noncritically ill hospitalized COVID-19 patients, ICU patients with severe COVID-19 disease showed reduced mHLA-DR expression on circulating CD14+ monocytes at ICU admission, indicating a dysfunctional immune response. This immunosuppressive (monocytic) phenotype remained unchanged over the ensuing days after ICU admission. Strategies aiming for immunomodulation in this population of critically ill patients should be guided by an immune-monitoring program in an effort to determine who might benefit best from a given immunological intervention.
Nuclear myosins – roles for molecular transporters and anchors
Authors: Cook Alexander W. , Gough Rosemarie E. , Toseland Christopher P.
Published: June 2020

The myosin family of molecular motors are well-characterised cytoskeletal proteins. However, myosins are also present in the nucleus, where they have been shown to have roles in transcription, DNA repair and viral infections. Despite their involvement in these fundamental cellular processes, our understanding of these functions and their regulation remains limited. Recently, research on nuclear myosins has been gathering pace, and this Review will evaluate the current state of the field. Here, we will focus on the variation in structure of nuclear myosins, their nuclear import and their roles within transcription, DNA damage, chromatin organisation and viral infections. We will also consider both the biochemical and biophysical properties and restraints that are placed on these multifunctional motors, and how they link to their cytoplasmic counterparts. By highlighting these properties and processes, we show just how integral nuclear myosins are for cellular survival.
Different effects of soybean isoflavone genistein on transforming growth factor levels during orthodontic tooth movement among young and old rabbits
Authors: Indriasari Verastuti , Suparwitri Sri , Christnawati Christnawati , Alhasyimi Ananto Ali
Published: June 2020

Background: Orthodontic treatment to improve aesthetics and for health reasons is performed in children and adults. Elderly individuals have low levels of estrogen, this results in alveolar bone resorption being greater than alveolar bone apposition. Isoflavones present in soybeans may be able to improve the remodeling process through the induction of osteoblastogenesis by increasing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels. This study aimed to assess the comparative effect of soybean genistein isoflavone to TGF-β1 during orthodontic tooth movement among juvenile and adult rabbits.

Methods: In this study, 12 healthy female rabbits were used. Subjects were divided into four groups (n=3); YG group (young rabbits), YGI group (young rabbits + isoflavones genistein), OG group (old rabbits), and OGI group (old rabbits + isoflavones genistein). Two lower incisors of the rabbit were moved distally using an orthodontic force (50 grams force) delivered by an open coil spring, which was inserted between two brackets. During active movements, the genistein isoflavones were given from the initial installation of the device until days 21, at a dose of 1.2 mg/kg BW once a day. Measurement of TGF-β levels were performed on days 1, 7, 14, 21 after appliance installation. TGF-β1 expression was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the optical density (OD) of the sample quantifed using a standard curve. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way Anova followed by Tukey HSD test.

Results: The TGF-β1 levels were found to highest in the YGI group, and the TGF-β levels were significantly lower in the OG group (p<0.05). ELISA analysis also revealed that TGF-β1 levels of the OGI group were significantly higher when compared with the OG group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The administration of soybean genistein isoflavones could improve TGF-β1 levels in old rabbit’s during active orthodontic tooth movement.
Implementation IFRS in Russia
Authors: Puchkova S. , Tkachenko T.
Published: June 2020

This article is devoted to the transition of Russia to International Financial Reporting Standards and the development on their bases of Russian Federal Accounting Standards. Th e article covers the key institutions’ activity involved in the implementation of IFRS in Russia. Approved standards have a great impact on the quality of the presented financial statements, its comparability and usefulness.
How to Prevent and Manage Hospital-Based Infections During Coronavirus Outbreaks: Five Lessons from Taiwan
Authors: Wang C Jason , Bair Henry , Yeh Ching-Chuan
Published: June 2020

During the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, Taiwan reported 346 confirmed cases and 73 deaths.1 Of all known infections, 94% were transmitted inside hospitals. Nine major hospitals were fully or partially shut down, and many doctors and nurses quit for fear of becoming infected. The Taipei Municipal Ho-Ping Hospital was most severely affected. Its index patient, a 42-year-old undocumented hospital laundry worker who interacted with staff and patients for 6 days before being hospitalized, became a superspreader, infecting at least 20 other patients and 10 staff members.2,3 The entire 450-bed hospital was ordered to shut down, and all 930 staff and 240 patients were quarantined within the hospital. The central government appointed the previous Minister of Health as head of the Anti-SARS Taskforce. Ultimately the hospital was evacuated; the outbreak resulted in 26 deaths.2 Events surrounding the hospital’s evacuation offer important lessons for hospitals struggling to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been caused by spread of a similar coronavirus.
Reducing the Risk of Diagnostic Error in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Gandhi Tejal K , Singh Hardeep
Published: June 2020

As the death toll from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic rapidly increases, the need to make a timely and accurate diagnosis has never been greater. Even before the pandemic, diagnostic errors (ie, missed, delayed, and incorrect diagnoses) had been one of the leading contributors to harm in health care.1 The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to increase the risk of such errors for several reasons. The disease itself is new and knowledge of its clinical manifestations is still evolving. Both physical and psychological safety of clinicians and health system capacity are compromised and can affect clinical decision-making.2 Situational factors such as staffing shortages and workarounds are more common, and clinicians in certain geographic areas are experiencing epic levels of stress, fatigue, and burnout. Finally, decisions in busy, chaotic and time-pressured healthcare systems with disrupted and/or newly designed care processes will be error prone.1
Cost of dementia and the relationship between stage of dementia and cost of care in Greece
Authors: Tsampalas Evangelos , Aravantinou-Fatorou Konstantina , Karakatsani Eleutheria , Karantali Eleni , Leontiou Lili , Anastasiou Athanasios
Published: June 2020

Objective

The current study attempts to estimate the cost of dementia in relation to the severity of the disease in Greece.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted in Tripoli, Arcadia at the neurological clinic of a secondary hospital. The study included 110 patients and their main caregivers. The total cost of dementia has been calculated as well as its allocation to private and public funding. The results were correlated with three stages of disease severity (mild–moderate–severe) with a multivariate regression model.

Results

The average total cost of caring for dementia is €819.89 per month: €710.60 of this is the private cost and €109.29 is the public cost. The cost is positively correlated statistically with the progress of the disease in the three stages of severity.

Conclusions

The cost of caring for people with dementia in the authors' research appears lower than that in developed Western societies and in relation to other developing societies. The Greek economic crisis seems to be a determining factor in this result. However, it is still a high cost, which is mainly paid by the patient and the family.
Design and performance analysis of indoor cooperative IHDAF protocol-based spatial modulation-index modulation visible light communication system
Authors: Hao Xinhong , Bai Zhiquan , Ren Bingan , Guo Meng
Published: June 2020

Spatial modulation (SM) has been employed in indoor visible light communication (VLC) systems because of its high data rate and low complexity transmission. However, the activated LED may have poor channel conditions in conventional SM VLC systems, which leads to significant performance degradation. In this paper, a cooperative incremental hybrid decode-amplify-forward (IHDAF) protocol-based SM-index modulation (SM-IM) VLC system is proposed. For the SM-IM scheme, the spatial information and the modulated information are jointly transmitted in one symbol via the optimal VLC channel. The system model and the theoretical outage probability of the proposed IHDAF protocol-based SM-IM VLC system are presented. Numerical results show that the outage probability of the IHDAF protocol-based SM-IM VLC system can be significantly improved compared with the traditional amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward protocol-based SM VLC systems. Additionally, the power allocation of the proposed scheme is also studied.
Educação permanente, não formal, como instrumento para a valorização e o reconhecimento do idoso: o modelo da Unati/UEM / Permanent education, no formal, as a tool for elderly appreciation and recognition: a model of UEM/UNATI
Authors: Maio Eliane Rose , Lolli Maria Carolina Gobbi dos Santos
Published: June 2020

O aumento da população idosa é um fenômeno mundial. Tal situação despertou a necessidade do reconhecimento dessas pessoas. Com o intuito de valorizar e garantir a participação dos mais velhos na sociedade foram criadas as universidades abertas à terceira idade. Idealizadas pelo professor Vellas, essas instituições espalharam-se pelo mundo todo e chegaram ao Brasil na década de 1980.  A Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade, da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, criada em 2009 e guiada pelos princípios da educação permanente não formal, atualmente atende 400 alunos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos de idade, ofertando 40 cursos gratuitos, divididos e organizados em seis eixos: “Arte e cultura”, “Processos e procedimentos comunicativos”, “Saúde física e mental”, “Meio físico e social”, “Direito e Cidadania” e “Humanidades”. A grande procura por essas instituições pode ser explicada pelo fato de representarem a oportunidade da participação social em atividades compatíveis com as reais capacidades dos idosos, sem que estes sintam constrangimento ou vergonha por participar delas.
Ensino de Ciências pautado nas relações culturais com o ambiente para a educação do campo / Lined science teaching in cultural relations with the environment for the field of education
Authors: Matos Elaine Cristine do Amarante
Published: June 2020

Por atender comunidades com características culturais diferentes das populações urbanas, o ensino em escolas do campo requer adaptações ao currículo formal, de modo a adequar-se às necessidades da comunidade local. Dessa forma, propõe-se que o ensino de Ciências na educação do campo contemple a inserção e discussão de outros saberes acerca dos conteúdos de ciências lecionados em sala, pois esses conteúdos devem ser ressignificados e percebidos de acordo com o ambiente educacional específico. Como embasamento a essa proposta, utilizam-se as contribuições dos Estudos Culturais para a educação e posicionamentos de autores multiculturalistas e pluralistas sobre o ensino de Ciências. Assim, sugerimos a inserção dos conhecimentos etnobiológicos nos currículos de Ciências em escolas do campo, buscando a ampliação dos saberes em relação à Biologia, como também a valorização do conhecimento cultural da comunidade.
Alevi Öğrencilerin Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Dersine Karşı Tutumları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: GENCER Nevzat
Published: June 2020

Bu
araştırmada, Alevi vatandaşların yoğun olarak yaşadığı Çorum ili Bahçelievler
Mahallesinde bulunan dört ortaokulda öğrenim gören Alevi öğrencilerin Din Kültürü
ve Ahlak Bilgisi (DKAB) dersine yönelik tutumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından
incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. “Tabakalı Örnekleme” yöntemiyle belirlenen
örneklem, okulların 6., 7. ve 8. sınıflarında okuyan 184 öğrenciden
oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verilerini toplamak için “Kişisel Bilgi Anketi” ve
"Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Dersi Tutum Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. 20
maddelik Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Dersi Tutum Ölçeğinin Cronbach Alpha
güvenirlik katsayısı 0,97 olarak bulunmuştur. Anket ve ölçek yoluyla toplanan
verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS 16.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma
problemlerinin test edilmesinde t-testi ve varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Çoklu
karşılaştırmalarda ise Tukey ve Tamhane’s T2 testlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Denencelerin
test edilmesinde 0,05 anlamlılık düzeyi esas alınmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına
göre, öğrencilerin DKAB dersine yönelik tutumları genel olarak olumludur.
Ayrıca öğrencilerin DKAB dersine yönelik tutum düzeyleri ile cinsiyetleri,
sınıf seviyeleri, anne-babanın öğrenim düzeyi, DKAB dersi başarı durumu, DKAB
dersi ve DKAB öğretmeni ile ilgili düşüncesi, DKAB öğretmeninin ders işleme
yöntemini beğenme, DKAB öğretmeninin öğrencilere karşı tutumu ve ailenin
öğrencisinin dini bilgi almasını isteyip istememe durumu arasında anlamlı bir
faklılaşma bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte; ailenin gelir durumu, öğrencinin
diğer derslerdeki başarı durumu, okul dışında dini eğitim alıp almama durumu
ile DKAB dersine yönelik tutumu arasında anlamlı bir farklılaşma yoktur.
Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk’te Felsefî İçerikler
Authors: TAŞDELEN Vefa
Published: June 2020

Felsefe
dille yapılan ve dilde ortaya çıkan bir çalışmadır. Varlığı, insanı, toplumu,
ahlâk ve değeri ifade edebilme gücü, bir dilin felsefe potansiyelini de ortaya
koyar. Büyük felsefelerin üretildiği diller, varlığı ayrıntılı ve kapsayıcı bir
şekilde düşünmeye izin veren dillerdir. Felsefe ve dil arasındaki “dönüşümlü”
ve “karşılıklı” ilişki, sadece dilden düşünceye değil, düşünceden dile doğru da
yansır; en geniş anlamıyla varlığa verilen anlam, varlığı ifade etmedeki
yetenek ve beceri, dilin gelişmesi ve zenginleşmesi yönünde bir katkıdır. Dilin
potansiyeli felsefenin, felsefenin potansiyeli de dilin imkânıdır. Dil ile zihin
arasındaki yakın ilişki dikkate alındığında, Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk’ün
doğrudan kendi dönemindeki ortak akıl ve zihniyete tanıklık ettiği düşünülebilir.

Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk, Türk
kültürünün en eski ve en önemli metinlerinden biridir. Yabancılara Türkçe
öğretmek amacıyla yazılan bu eser, basit anlamıyla bir sözlük çalışması değil,
dil öğretiminin somutlaştırıcı ve örnekleyici yapısı gereği şiir, atasözü,
hikâye, folklor gibi dönemin dil ve kültür birikiminden örnekler sunan bir
“seçki” niteliğindedir. Bu anlamda
insan, Tanrı ve evren tasavvuru çerçevesinde Türkçenin felsefe potansiyelinin ilk
defa en ileri derecede sergilendiği eserlerden biridir. Bu makale, söz konusu
metindeki felsefî
içeriği ele almayı ve bu içerikten örnekler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada
kelimler, deyimler, atasözleri, şiirler, hikâyeler, örnek cümleler, felsefî içerik ve çağrışımları
açısından ele alınacaktır. Bu birikim, felsefenin bütüncül bakışını yansıtacak
şekilde: (1) varlık anlayışı, (2)  bilgi anlayışı, (3) insan
anlayışı, (4) etik ve estetik değerler çerçevesinde olacaktır.
İnsanın Boş Özü: Hadis Literatüründe ve Klasik Arap Edebinde Etik ve Estetik
Authors: SPERL Stefan , KOCA Suat
Published: June 2020

Klasik Arapça Hadis literatürü, büyük ölçüde Muhammed Peygamber’in söz ve eylemlerinin kayıtları olan mikro anlatılardan oluşur. Bu çalışma, muteber (canonical) Hadis külliyatında -burada “pratik ahlak” olarak karşılanabilecek ancak genellikle klasik Arapça edebî eserleri (belles-lettres) belirtmek için kullanılan bir terim olan- edeb başlığı altında sıralanan seçilmiş örnekler üzerinde yoğunlaşmak suretiyle onların edebî formlarını incelemeye çalışmaktadır. [Klasik Arapça edebî eserler], Hadis literatüründen oldukça farklı bir literatür türü olsa da burada incelenen metinler ikisi arasında belirli bir kesişim noktasına işaret etmektedir. Hadiste tezahür ettiği şekliyle edebin ahlakî boyutu, Hayden White’ın anlatısallık (narrativity) ve yasa/kural (law) arasındaki ilişki üzerine olan kuramı ışığında ayrıntılarıyla incelenmektedir. Hadisin mikro-anlatısı ile destanın (epic) makro-anlatısını karşılaştırmak, [Hadisin] edebe yaklaşımına yeni bir bakış sağlamakta ve onun ayırt edici edebî ve dinî estetiğini vurgulamaya hizmet etmektedir.
Osmanlı Müelliflerinin Çalışmalarında Zeyd-Zeyneb Hadisesi Bağlamında Voltaire’in “Fanatizm veya Peygamber Muhammed’in Bağnazlığı” Adlı Tiyatro Eseri Üzerine Değerlendirmeler
Authors: HACIİSMAİLOĞLU Muhammed İhsan
Published: June 2020

İslamiyet, tarih sahnesine
çıkışından kısa bir süre sonra bu yeni dini kendilerine en büyük rakip olarak
gören diğer din mensubu çevrelerin hedefi haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Kısa süre
içerisinde İslam’ın Arap Yarımadası’ndan Çin’e ve Ortadoğu’dan Avrupa içlerine
kadar yayılması neticesinde başta Hıristiyanlık olmak üzere gayrimüslim dünya
İslam’a karşı bir mücadele içerisine girmişlerdir. Girişilen bu mücadele siyasi
ve askeri alanda olduğu gibi, ilmî ve kültürel alanda da kendisini göstermeye
başlamış ve yalnızca dinin kendisine karşı değil onu tebliğ eden peygamberine
yani Hz. Muhammed’e karşı da yürütülmüştür.

İslam’ın Doğu’da ve Batı’da kısa
zaman içerisinde hızlı bir ilerleyiş sağlaması, Batı toplumunun dikkatlerini bu
yeni din üzerine çekti ve onları İslam ve İslâmî ilimler üzerinde birtakım
araştırmalara sevk etti. Ancak Avrupalıların bu ilgisi İslam’a olan hayranlıklarından
değil, onu yakından tanımak suretiyle hem İslam’a hem de Müslümanlara zarar
vermek istemelerinden ileri gelmekteydi. İşte bu doğrultuda Batı dünyası, İslam
peygamberi Hz. Muhammed’i küçük düşürmek için haksız ithamlarla karalamaya
çalışmışlar ve bu yönde çok sayıda eser yazmışlardır. Bu noktada en çok
kullandıkları konu ise Hz. Peygamber’in aile hayatı olmuştur. Hz. Peygamber’in
çok eşliliği ve özellikle de evlatlığı Zeyd b. Hârise’nin boşamış olduğu hanımı
Zeyneb bint Cahş ile gerçekleştirdiği evlilik, Batılı yazarlar tarafından Hz.
Peygamber’i ve onun özelinde de İslamiyet’i eleştiri ve hatta İslam’a saldırı
amacıyla kullanılmıştır. İşte bu şekilde Hz. Peygamber ve İslamiyet hakkında
tarihî gerçekleri çarpıtarak bir eser ortaya koyanlardan birisi de Fransız
yazar Voltaire olmuştur. Voltaire’in kaleme aldığı ve birkaç kez Avrupa
tiyatrolarında da sahnelenen Le Fanatisme
ou Mahomet le Prophete Tragedie / Fanatizm veya Peygamber Muhammed’in
Bağnazlığı adlı piyesi başta Osmanlı kamuoyu olmak üzere
İslam toplumunda büyük bir infial uyandırmıştır. Bu araştırmamızda konuyla
ilgili rivayetler ve yorumlar üzerinden Osmanlı’nın son döneminde yazılmış veya
bu dönemde yetişmiş müelliflerin Cumhuriyet döneminde kaleme almış olduğu
eserlerde konuya nasıl yaklaşıldığı tespit edilmeye çalışılacak ve onların bir
değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır.
FILSAFAT POLITIK ALI ABDUL RAZIQ
Authors: Putra Rido
Published: June 2020

Ali Abdul Raziq is a controversial Islamic thinker, especially when he put forward the concept of a secular state. Ali Abdul Raziq’s secularism which emphasizes the totality of his teachings is a political thought that deserves further study to find out the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments put forward by these Islamic political thinkers. According to Ali Abdul Raziq, the reality of Islamic history does not provide the necessity for a form of political organization called the khilafah and its leader to be called the caliph. The ideal state according to Ali Abdul Raziq is a country based on universal humanism that fights for its people, democracy and social justice, namely a secular state for Muslims and non-Muslims who live in the country.
Robot lego para simular el desplazamiento tipo motocicleta
Authors: Gómez Castañeda Sebastián C. , Gómez Corchuelo Sebastián , Infante Moreno Willson
Published: June 2020

El grupo de investigación en Robótica Móvil Autónoma “ROMA” de la Facultad Tecnológica de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (Colombia), presenta en este documento los avances de la investigación del desarrollo de un robot móvil de dos ruedas (con una arquitectura tipo motocicleta) simulando su desplazamiento, de manera que el control de equilibrio se realiza estableciendo la posición a través de la dirección asistida por un manubrio. Para ello, se usan las herramientas del kit LEGO® MindStorms NXT 2.0 y el entorno de programación Labview®, no solo para el control sino también para visualizar el comportamiento de las diferentes variables. Con el estudio del robot se presentan los principales factores que influyen en el manejo de una motocicleta, como son: equilibrio, dirección y velocidad; y, gracias a los datos entregados por los sensores, se exhibe un análisis para poder tener datos lo más exactos posibles de las variaciones que intervienen a la hora de maniobrar un vehículo de dos ruedas.
Sistema de control para alimentador de hilo de trama
Authors: Suárez Vaca Hugo Fernando , Fonseca Velásquez Aldemar , Vacca González Harold
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo, resultado de la investigación realizada en la línea de diseño e implementación de sistemas de control para la industria textil en los proyectos curriculares de Tecnología Electrónica y de Ingeniería en Control, de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, describe el diseño de un sistema de control para dispositivos denominados: Alimentadores de Hilo de Trama (AHT). Se lleva a cabo una innovación tecnológica que le devuelve la funcionalidad a los AHT con recursos razonables, basados en tecnología actual. La alternativa propuesta consiste en el diseño de un sistema de control híbrido en lazo cerrado, compuesto por un control PID y un control Lógico Discreto, ambos implementados en un Variador de Frecuencia (VFD) con función interna de PLC y Control PID. Con el modelamiento físico se obtiene una función de transferencia que representa la dinámica del AHT; se diseña el compensador (control PID) y en conjunto con el control lógico se obtiene un suministro continuo y uniforme del hilo al telar por parte del AHT.
Tasa de muestreo adc en microcontroladores avanzados de 8 bits
Authors: Zamora Navarro Francisco Javier , Valiente Cristancho Adriana
Published: June 2020

Este estudio teórico revisa los roles que tienen los valores de los principales parámetros en el modelo de los conversores analógico a digital (ADC), presentes en las unidades microcontroladoras (MCU) de gama media y avanzada del fabricante Microchip, en el número máximo de muestras por segundo (tasa de muestreo) que se puede adquirir de una señal analógica de referencia. Se determinan los compromisos entre las características de la señal de entrada, la resolución de los datos requerida por la aplicación y las características del dispositivo, a fin de maximizar la tasa de muestreo y evaluar comparativamente el desempeño de tres gamas representativas de MCU PIC® de Microchip a partir de sus especificaciones.
Propuesta de un estimador de fallas usando fracciones coprimas
Authors: Pineda Torres Franklin Edisson , Chica Leal Alonso de Jesús
Published: June 2020

Los sistemas de detección, diagnóstico y aislamiento de fallas (FDDI), generan señales (residuos) que contienen detalles de la falla. La estimación de estado es un procedimiento común para la generación de residuos cuando se usa redundancia analítica. En este artículo, la hipótesis propuesta es usar la teoría de fracciones coprimas para generar un estimador de salida; este compite con algunos estimadores clásicos como Kalman, Luemberger, Lyapunov y Jordan, con ellos se analizan los tiempos de ejecución y tasas de precisión en la estimación usando el error medio cuadrático en presencia de fallas aditivas. Los resultados son validados sobre un sistema FDDI implementado sobre un tanque de homogenización en lazo cerrado usando el estándar para control de procesos OPC y simulando físicamente una falla en el sensor RTD de salida
Análisis de sistemas físicos usando procedimientos análogos a la teoría gauge
Authors: Rozo Clavijo Mauricio , Ávila Torres Sandra , Olarte T Javier A.
Published: June 2020

en el presente artículo se hace una descripción del movimiento de una partícula en rotación haciendo uso del plano complejo y utilizando procedimientos similares al de la construcción de una teoría gauge local. El análisis permite describir el comportamiento de la partícula partiendo de la exigencia de la invariancia gauge de la ecuación de posición. Invariancia que al ser exigida conduce a la introducción de un parámetro compensatorio que se interpreta como la velocidad angular de la partícula. A partir del análisis se obtienen los efectos dinámicos que determinan su movimiento, los cuales son análogos a los obtenidos desde una descripción hecha respecto a un sistema de referencia en rotación haciendo uso de coordenadas polares. Este tipo de estudio adquiere especial importancia cuando se busca hacer un análisis sobre un sistema en rotación desde una perspectiva diferente a la usualmente establecida.
Tomografía local con bases daubechies
Authors: De Armas Ricardo , Alfonso Amed , Rojas Lucio
Published: June 2020

este artículo explica que las bases Daubechies puede ser usadas para diseñar algoritmos de reconstrucción localizada de imágenes tomográficas desde las proyecciones almacenadas en matrices de datos dispersos. Los desarrollos de tales algoritmos reducen significativamente la cantidad de exposición a los rayos X trasmitidos en la tomografía, evitando daños colaterales a largo plazo en pacientes, en órganos como pulmones, corazón, y también en lesiones de la médula
Generalidades de robots paralelos
Authors: Duarte Barón Katherin , Borrás Pinilla Carlos
Published: June 2020

Los robots paralelos son utilizados en diversas áreas como la simulación de movimiento, la medicina y la manufactura, entre otras. Se han diseñado y construido numerosos de ellos teniendo en cuenta aspectos como grados de libertad, modelos matemáticos que aproximan la dinámica real del sistema donde actúan, y las estrategias de control para que respondan adecuadamente ante perturbaciones. El presente artículo describe las generalidades de robots paralelos con el fin de dar a conocer sus aplicaciones industriales, arquitecturas y notación, métodos y representaciones matemáticas necesarias para el análisis de su movilidad, el cálculo de la cinemática y la dinámica presentes, el estudio del espacio de trabajo, así como las estrategias de control implementadas. Se describen las investigaciones y desarrollos futuros que pueden realizarse en esta área de la robótica, así como una amplia revisión bibliográfica que permite al lector incursionar profundamente en cualquier aspecto que le sea de interés.
Reconocimiento de patrones de habla usando MFCC y RNA
Authors: Ramos Olga L. , Rojas Diego A. , Góngora Leonardo A.
Published: June 2020

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del diseño y desarrollo de un algoritmo basado en inteligencia artificial para el reconocimiento de patrones de vocablos del idioma español, utilizando Coeﬁcientes Cepstrales en las Frecuencias de Mel o (MFCC), para representar el habla a través de la percepción auditiva del ser humano. La utilización de MFCC permitió caracterizar las señales de voz teniendo en cuenta el posible ruido presente en el ambiente de grabación, lo cual ayudo a la obtención de patrones comunes entre estas señales cuando presentan alteraciones. Como resultado se obtuvo un reconocimiento superior al 95% de las tres vocales escogidas, en este caso la /a/,/e/,/o/, entre un grupo de 22 muestras por vocal para el entrenamiento y 11 muestras para la validación. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de 11 personas, todas del género masculino.
El contaminante pm10 y el impacto en la salud en la localidad de tunjuelito
Authors: Romero Villalobos Oswaldo Alberto , Sarmiento Sánchez Diana Katherine , Rodríguez Arriero Dennis Maryith
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo de reflexión, surge de la necesidad de enmarcar el concepto calidad de vida con mejoras ambientales debido al crecimiento y auge económico en donde la capital del país afronta una alta densidad poblacional y el aumento desmedido del parque automotor, acrecentando así los niveles de emisión de contaminantes atmosféricos. Se realizó el análisis a los efectos de la contaminación urbana sobre la salud humana obteniendo datos en tiempo real de la red de monitoreo de la calidad del aire para Bogotá – Colombia (RMCAB) de la estación TUNAL (Bogotá) y se estableció la relación entre contaminación por partículas de PM10 del tráfico rodado y las enfermedades respiratorias y cardiovasculares de los habitantes de la localidad, contrastando los datos obtenidos con registros de la subdirección de Vigilancia en Salud Pública “enfermedad respiratoria aguda’’ ERA del Hospital El Tunal, logrando argumentar que la contaminación del aire por material particulado PM10 genera problemas respiratorios y cardiovasculares, que en efecto, constituye un problema de salud pública para Bogotá.
Estado de arte en m-powering: constructor de capital social
Authors: Pinedo Jhon Edison , Mancilla Giovanny , Maniewicz Mario
Published: June 2020

El M-Powering es una Iniciativa de La Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT) que armoniza los desarrollos que ha tenido con la evolución que han tenido las tecnologías de la información y telecomunicaciones móviles (M-TIC) con las nuevas formas de interacción social. El presente artículo realiza una revisión exhaustiva en la década de 2006 al 2016 de las aplicaciones M-powering y su Taxonomía. Para observar cómo las aplicaciones TIC sociales desde la perspectiva de capital social han contribuido a la mejora de las condiciones de vida en las regiones donde se han implementado, y como un referente para su aplicación en otras regiones. Para lo anterior se utiliza las referencias de la ITU, bases de datos en línea, publicaciones en espacios académicos y páginas gubernamentales
Confidence level evaluation of LOD resources on CKAN instances
Authors: Herrera-Cubides Jhon Francined , Gaona-García Paulo Alonso , Montenegro-Marín Carlos Enrique , Varón-Capera Álvaro
Published: June 2020

Linked Open Data has been an initiative aimed at offering principles for the interconnection of data through machine-readable structures and knowledge representation schemes. At present, there are platforms that allow consuming LOD resources, being CKAN one of the most relevant on a large community made up of governmental organizations, NGOs, among others. However, the resources consumption lacks minimum criteria to determine their validity such as level of trust, quality, linkage and usability of the data; aspects that require a previous systematic analysis on the set of published data. To support this process of analysis and determination of the mentioned criteria, this paper has as purpose to present a method that allows analyzing the dataset current state obtained from the different instances published in CKAN, with the aim of evaluating the levels of trust that can offer from their sources. Finally, it presents results, conclusions and future work from the use of the tool for the dataset consumption belonging to certain instances ascribed to the CKAN platform.
Linear algebra learning focused on plausible reasoning in engineering programs
Authors: García-Hurtado Orlando , García-Pupo Mauro Misael , Poveda-Chaves Roberto
Published: June 2020

A methodological strategy is proposed for the teaching of Linear Algebra in engineering programs focused on plausible reasoning. These concepts were developed by [1] and [2], through the formulation and adaptation of interesting problems, whose design admitted a didactic model and a methodological procedure for the generation of conjectures through the mediation of technology and geometric visualization as key factors in the construction of the main concepts of the discipline by the students.

The difficulties in the teaching and learning of Linear Algebra have been studied since last century, in particular since the nineties. The LACSG (Linear Algebra Curriculum Study Group) in the USA is a reference point. On the other hand, Anna Sierpinska and Jean-Luc Dorier lead another group in Canada and Europe. Both groups coincide that one of the greatest problems in the teaching and learning of Linear Algebra is the formal approach of the classes that are traditionally taught. The starting point of this study is the great difficulties students experience when assimilating definitions, theorems and demonstrations, which are elusive for the future engineers.
Meanings that engineering students confer to the antiderivative
Authors: Gordillo-Thiriat Wilson , Pino-Fan Luis Roberto , Larios-Osorio Víctor
Published: June 2020

In this article, are presented the results of a questionnaire designed to evaluate college students’ understanding of the antiderivative. Specifically, by civil engineering students when answering the questionnaire tasks, in order to identify and characterize the meanings on the antiderivative that are developed by them. In order to analyse the answers given, were used some theoretical and methodological notions provided by the theoretical model known as the Onto-Semiotic Approach (OSA) of mathematics cognition and instruction. The results show the knowledge of antiderivative by the Civil Engineering students. Furthermore, the comparison between the mathematical activity of students provides information that allows concluding that the meanings that they mobilized might be shared among their communities
Export Spillover Effects: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: MINH Ngo Ngoc
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine export spillover effects from foreign invested enterprises (FIEs) to domestic manufacturing and processing firms in the North of Vietnam. The paper extracted panel data from comprehensive surveys on manufacturing and processing enterprises in the North of Vietnam conducted by the General Statistics Office in 2016-2018 period including 14,664 observations. The two export equations of the Heckman model were estimated simultaneously by the Maximum Likelihood Estimator method (MLE) and used strong standard errors (Robust Standard Errors). The empirical results showed that the presence of FIEs created a spillover effect on Vietnam’s decision to export goods. Moreover, the export spillover effect depends on the characteristics of domestic enterprises. Particularly, private enterprises with old ages or owns a high level of capitalization will benefit from export spillover effects.
EVALUASI TATA KELOLA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI PADA RUMAH SAKIT DR. H. IBNU SUTOWO BATURAJA BERDASARKAN FRAMEWORK COBIT 5
Authors: Sukmawati Ade , Cholil Widya , Rizal Syahril
Published: June 2020

Control of information technology governance at this time is very influential for the organization in achieving its strategic objectives. Technology has become an important part in supporting a service, including in Dr.H. Ibnu Sutowo Baturaja. The hospital has SIMRS in supporting its services. So that governance should be well planned. This research was conducted to evaluate the management of information technology that supports the SIMRS. The results of this study are to find out the value of the level of maturity in Dr. H Ibnu Sutowo Baturaja. Evaluations were carried out using the standard COBIT 5 measurement framework. The focus of this study was the domain of Ensure Resource Optimization (EDM01), Manage the IT Management Framework (APO01) (APO07), Build, Acquire and Implement (BAI04) and Monitoring, Evaluation and Access (MEA01).
EFEK PEMBERIAN SUSU KEDELAI-JAHE TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PUASA WANITA PRE-MENOPOUSE PREDIABETES
Authors: Pramono Adriyan , Fitranti Deny Yudi , Rahmawati Eka Rina , Ayustaningwarno Fitriyono
Published: June 2020

Latar Belakang: Susu kedelai-jahe dapat mengandung antioksidan yang bermanfaat untuk mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah puasa. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksian dari susu kedelai-jahe dan untuk menganalisis pengaruh susu kedelai-jahe terhadap kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP) wanita non-menopause prediabetes di kota Semarang, Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengembangan produk susu kedelai jahe sebagai intervensi. Aktivitas antioksidan dari susu kedelai jahe dianalisis menggunakan metode DPPH. Desain penelitian ini adalah randomized control trial (RCT) yang melibatkan 22 wanita non-menopause prediabetes (usia 42 ± 7, kadar GDP > 100 mg/dl). Subjek dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok yang diberi minuman susu kedelai (T1), susu kedelai-jahe (T2) dan kontrol (C) selama 14 hari. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP) sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada kelompok kontrol, kelompok T1 dan T2 (p=0.589). Setelah intervensi, kadar GDP berbeda signifikan antar kelompok kontrol, T1 dan T2 (p=0.026). Analisis selanjutnya menunjukkan, kadar GDP kelompok T2 (bukan T1) berbeda signifikan terhadap kontrol (p=0.047) setelah dikendalikan factor kadar GDP sebelum intervensi, usia, dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Simpulan: Penambahan jahe pada minuman susu kedelai memiliki potensi dalam mengendalikan kadar GDP wanita non-menopouse yang prediabetes.
Vers l’automatisation des examens systématiques sur la vaccination au moyen d’un système d’extraction avancé fondé sur le traitement du langage naturel
Authors: Begert David , Granek Justin , Irwin Brian , Brogly Chris
Published: June 2020

Les décisions fondées sur des données probantes reposent sur le principe selon lequel tous les renseignements sur un sujet sont recueillis et analysés. Les examens systématiques permettent l’évaluation rigoureuse de différentes études selon les principes de PICO (population, intervention, contrôle, résultats). Toutefois, le fait de réaliser une révision est un processus généralement lent qui impose un fardeau important sur les ressources. Le problème fondamental est qu’il est impossible d’élargir l’approche actuelle à la réalisation d’un examen systématique pour faire face aux difficultés découlant d’un corpus important de données non structurées. Pour cette raison, l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada envisage l’automatisation de différentes étapes de synthèse des données visant à accroître les gains d’efficacité. Dans le présent article, les auteurs présentent le résumé d’une version préliminaire d’un nouveau système d’apprentissage automatique fondé sur des avancements récents quant au traitement du langage naturel (TLN), comme BioBERT, où d’autres optimisations seront réalisées par l’entremise d’une nouvelle base de données de documents portant sur la vaccination. Le modèle de TLN optimisé obtenu et qui est au cœur de ce système peut déceler et extraire les champs relatifs aux principes de PICO des publications sur la vaccination avec une exactitude moyenne s’élevant à 88 % dans cinq classes de texte. La fonctionnalité est rendue possible par une interface Web directe.