bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in children and the role of MesoRex Bypass: Summary of the Baveno VI Pediatric Satellite Symposium
Authors: Shneider Benjamin L. , de Ville de Goyet Jean , Leung Daniel H. , Srivastava Anshu , Ling Simon C. , Duché Mathieu , McKiernan Patrick , Superina Riccardo , Squires Robert H. , Bosch Jaime , Groszmann Roberto , Sarin Shiv K. , de Franchis Roberto , Mazariegos George V.
Published: September 2015

Approaches to the management of portal hypertension and variceal hemorrhage in pediatrics remain controversial, in large part because they are not well informed by rigorous clinical studies. Fundamental biological and clinical differences preclude automatic application of approaches used for adults to children. On April 11‐12, 2015, experts in the field convened at the first Baveno Pediatric Satellite Meeting to discuss and explore current available evidence regarding indications for MesoRex bypass (MRB) in extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and the role of primary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage in children. Consensus was reached regarding MRB. The vast majority of children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction will experience complications that can be prevented by successful MRB surgery. Therefore, children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction should be offered MRB for primary and secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding and other complications, if appropriate surgical expertise is available, if preoperative and intraoperative evaluation demonstrates favorable anatomy, and if appropriate multidisciplinary care is available for postoperative evaluation and management of shunt thrombosis or stenosis. In contrast, consensus was not achieved regarding primary prophylaxis of varices. Although variceal hemorrhage is a concerning complication of portal hypertension in children, the first bleed appears to be only rarely fatal and the associated morbidity has not been well characterized. Conclusion: There are few pediatric data to indicate the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic or endoscopic therapies as primary prophylaxis or that prevention of a sentinel variceal bleed will ultimately improve survival; therefore, no recommendation for primary prophylaxis with endoscopic variceal ligation, sclerotherapy, or nonspecific beta‐blockade in children was proposed. (Hepatology 2016;63:1368–1380)
Determinants of physician's office visits and potential effects of co‐payments: evidence from Austria
Authors: Hafner Philipp , Mahlich Jörg C.
Published: September 2015

Objective

The objective of this study is to analyse determinants of physician office visits and potential effects of co‐payments in Austria.

Methods

Based on survey data, the number of annual physician office visits is regressed on a set of explanatory variable such as income, communication behaviour in waiting room, travel time, gender, age, presence of chronic diseases and connectedness to family members. It was then examined how those determinants are affected by hypothetical co‐payments in the range of €5 to €200.

Results

Our results suggest a negative impact of income and family connectedness on doctor's visits. On the other hand, age, morbidity and active communication behaviour in the waiting room are positively associated with office visits. The significant impact of both income and active communication behaviour on the number of doctor's visits disappears when significant co‐payments greater than €50 are introduced.

Conclusions

Higher co‐payments would reduce healthcare service utilization in Austria mainly because of a demand reduction of poorer patients. Another key finding of our study is that the desire to chat with peers in the waiting room is another significant driver of physician office visits. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benzo(a)pyrene inhibits migration and invasion of extravillous trophoblast HTR‐8/SVneo cells via activation of the ERK and JNK pathway
Authors: Liu Liyuan , Wang Yingxiong , Shen Cha , He Junlin , Liu Xueqing , Ding Yubin , Gao Rufei , Chen Xuemei
Published: September 2015

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that is a serious threat to human health. Numerous studies have shown that BaP causes adverse effects in pregnancy, but the mechanism remains unclear. The moderate invasion of trophoblast cells into the endometrium is an important factor during successful embryo implantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of BaP on the invasion and migration of trophoblast cells. HTR‐8/SVneo cells were treated with different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM) of BaP. The invasion and migration of HTR‐8/SVneo cells were observed after BaP treatment. The protein levels related to migration and invasion was detected by Western blot. The results confirmed that BaP inhibits the migration and invasion of extravillous trophoblast HTR‐8/SVneo cells. Further investigations indicated that the protein levels of MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and E‐cadherin in HTR‐8/SVneo cells were changed by BaP treatment. Moreover, the data demonstrated that BaP activated the MAPK signaling pathway. Pretreatment with specific inhibitors of MAPK rescued BaP‐induced change in the migration and invasion of HTR‐8/SVneo cells. Taken together, our results indicated that BaP inhibits invasion and the migration of HTR‐8/SVneo cells, which might cause a failure in early pregnancy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photon migration of Raman signal in bone as measured with spatially offset Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Sowoidnich Kay , Churchwell John H. , Buckley Kevin , Goodship Allen E. , Parker Anthony W. , Matousek Pavel
Published: September 2015

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is currently being developed as an in vivo tool for bone disease detection, but to date, information about the interrogated volume as influenced by the light propagation and scattering characteristics of the bone matrix is still limited. This paper seeks to develop our general understanding of the sampling depths of SORS in bone specimens as a function of the applied spatial offset. Equine metacarpal bone was selected as a suitable specimen of compact cortical bone large enough to allow several thin slices (600 µm) to be cut from the dorsal surface. Photon migration at 830‐nm excitation was studied with five bone slices and a 380‐µm‐thin polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) slice placed consecutively between the layers. To optimize Raman signal recovery of the PTFE with increasing depth within the bone stack required a corresponding increase in spatial offset. For example, to sample effectively at 2.2‐mm depth within the bone required an optimal SORS offset of 7 mm. However, with a 7‐mm offset, the maximum accessible penetration depth from which the PTFE signal could be still recovered was 3.7 mm. These results provide essential basic information for developing SORS technology for medical diagnostics in general and optimizing sampling through bone tissue, permitting a better understanding of the relationship between the offset and depth of bone assessed, in particular. Potential applications include the detection of chemically specific markers for changes in bone matrix chemistry localized within the tissue and not present in healthy bone. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Round window electrocochleography before and after cochlear implant electrode insertion
Authors: Adunka Oliver F. , Giardina Christopher K. , Formeister Eric J. , Choudhury Baishakhi , Buchman Craig A. , Fitzpatrick Douglas C.
Published: September 2015

Objective/Hypothesis

Previous reports have documented the feasibility of utilizing electrocochleographic (ECoG) responses to acoustic signals to assess trauma caused during cochlear implantation. The hypothesis is that intraoperative round window ECoG before and after electrode insertion will help predict postoperative hearing preservation outcomes in cochlear implant recipients.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

Intraoperative round window ECoG responses were collected from 31 cochlear implant recipients (14 children and 17 adults) immediately prior to and just after electrode insertion. Hearing preservation was determined by postoperative changes in behavioral thresholds.

Results

On average, the postinsertion response was smaller than the preinsertion response by an average of 4 dB across frequencies. However, in some cases (12 of 31) the response increased after insertion. The subsequent hearing loss was greater than the acute loss in the ECoG, averaging 22 dB across the same frequency range (250–1,000 Hz). There was no correlation between the change in the ECoG response and the corresponding change in audiometric threshold.

Conclusions

Intraoperative ECoG is a sensitive method for detecting electrophysiologic changes during implantation but had limited prognostic value regarding hearing preservation in the current conventional cochlear implant patient population where hearing preservation was not intended.

Level of Evidence

2b Laryngoscope, 126:1193–1200, 2016
Almost collapse mass quantization in 2D Smoluchowski–Poisson equation
Authors: Suzuki Takashi
Published: September 2015

We study Smoluchowski–Poisson equation in two space dimensions provided with Dirichlet boundary condition for the Poisson part. For this equation, several profiles of blowup solution have been noticed: blowup threshold on L1 norm of the initial value, finiteness of blowup points, formation of delta singularities called collapses, occurrence of type II blowup, exclusion of the boundary blowup point, and so forth. Here, we show the collapse mass quantization with possible residual terms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between computerized wheeze detection and lung function parameters in young infants
Authors: Fischer Hendrik Stefan , Puder Lia Carlotta , Wilitzki Silke , Usemann Jakob , Bührer Christoph , Godfrey Simon , Schmalisch Gerd
Published: September 2015

Objective

Computerized respiratory sound analysis (CORSA) has been validated in the assessment of wheeze in infants, but it is unknown whether automatically detected wheeze is associated with impaired lung function. This study investigated the relationship between wheeze detection and conventional lung function testing (LFT) parameters.

Methods

CORSA was performed using the PulmoTrack® monitor in 110 infants, of median (interquartile range) postmenstrual age 50 (46–56) weeks and median body weight 4,810 (3,980–5,900) g, recovering from neonatal intensive care. In the same session, LFT was performed, including tidal breathing measurements, occlusion tests, body plethysmography, forced expiratory flow by rapid thoracoabdominal compression, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) multiple breath washout (MBW), and capillary blood gas analysis. Infants were classified as wheezers or non‐wheezers using predefined cut‐off values for the duration of inspiratory and expiratory wheeze.

Results

Wheezing was detected in 72 (65%) infants, with 43 (39%) having inspiratory and 53 (48%) having expiratory wheezing. Endotracheal mechanical ventilation in the neonatal period for > 24 hr was associated with inspiratory wheeze (P = 0.009). Airway resistance was increased in both inspiratory (P = 0.02) and expiratory (P = 0.004) wheezers and correlated with the duration of expiratory wheeze (r = 0.394, P < 0.001). Expiratory wheezers showed a significant increase in respiratory resistance (P = 0.001), time constant (0.012), and functional residual capacity using SF6 MBW (P = 0.019). There was no association between wheezing and forced expiratory flow or blood gases.

Conclusion

CORSA can help identify neonates and young infants with subclinical airway obstruction and may prove useful in the follow‐up of high‐risk infants. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:402–410. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On optical polarization and charge carrier statistics of nonpolar InGaN quantum wells
Authors: Schade L. , Wernicke T. , Rass J. , Ploch S. , Weyers M. , Kneissl M. , Schwarz U. T.
Published: September 2015

Abstractauthoren Optical polarization is a fundamental property of light emission from m‐plane InGaN quantum wells. It is a result of band structure, anisotropic strain, the degree of polarization depending on thermal occupation, and band‐filling of valence subbands. We analyze the optical‐polarized light of nonpolar samples at low and at room temperature over a wide range of excitation density. We observe that the measured energy separation and linewidth of the orthogonally polarized emission depend on carrier density, too. A consistent explanation of these effects is possible in the context of Fermi–Dirac statistics for a degenerate carrier density and inhomogeneously broadened density of states. In addition, pulsed electroluminescence experiments were performed to validate our conclusions for optoelectronic devices based on nonpolar InGaN quantum wells.
Exact equation for classical many‐body systems: Passage from dynamics to equilibrium
Authors: Zakharov A. Yu.
Published: September 2015

The exact basic equation of motion for the microscopic density of system of interacting particles is derived. In this derivation, no probabilistic hypotheses or assumptions are used. This integro‐differential equation is the equation of motion of nonlinear classical scalar field with respect to the microscopic density. The possible mechanisms of transition of many‐particle system in equilibrium state are discussed. On the basic equation, the exact integral equation for the equilibrium spatial distribution of the particles is obtained. It is shown that the Boltzmann distribution and the Vlasov equation are special cases of this integral equation. The wave equation for almost homogeneous systems with interparticle interactions is obtained. Effect of interparticle interactions on the dispersion law of sound is established. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secure cloud storage using anonymous and blackbox traceable data access control
Authors: Wu Songyang , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2015

In cloud storage systems, data outsourcing and untrusted service providers make data‐access control become a challenging issue because traditional technologies always consider service providers as a fully trusted party. Ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption (CP‐ABE) shows particular advantages in this setting because this encryption gives the data owner a direct control on data‐access policies. However, malicious users in traditional CP‐ABE systems may leak their decryption keys in the form of a decryption device/blackbox with little risk of getting caught because no one (including the key authorities) can reveal them. This issue has become a major practicality concern in many data outsourcing applications (e.g., financial and healthcare systems) where the preservation of privacy with regard to sensitive data is critical. To address this problem, blackbox traceable CP‐ABE leveraged the “traitor tracing” property of broadcast encryption to identify these malicious users. However, the size of the keys and ciphertexts in the blackbox traceable CP‐ABE depends on the number of users. In this paper, we introduce an accumulator‐based encryption (ACC‐ENC), which can be integrated with conventional non‐traceable CP‐ABE‐based data‐access control to achieve an additional blackbox traceability feature without sacrificing performance (just adds
elements to the ciphertext and the public key). We first formally define the model of ACC‐ENC and present a concrete construction that is proven fully secure; then, we illustrate applying ACC‐ENC to obtain CP‐ABE‐based data‐access control with blackbox traceability for cloud storage. Performance evaluation shows that additional computation costs of the proposition are very low compared to the original scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An operation mode planning algorithm for PV generation systems
Authors: Minami Yuki , Shimizu Yushi , Sugimoto Kenji
Published: September 2015

This paper considers the operation mode planning problem of photovoltaic (PV) generation systems composed of multiple PV generators. The operation mode planning determines whether or not each PV generator supplies electric power. In this paper, we propose a simple optimization algorithm to determine the operation mode of each PV generator. Then, we evaluate the usefulness of the proposed algorithm by a numerical simulation. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Endofin, a novel BMP-SMAD regulator of the iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin
Authors: Goh Justin B. , Wallace Daniel F. , Hong Wanjin , Subramaniam V. Nathan
Published: September 2015

BMP-SMAD signalling plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes including embryonic development and iron homeostasis. Dysregulation of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin is associated with many clinical iron-related disorders. We hypothesised that molecules which mediate BMP-SMAD signalling play important roles in the regulation of iron homeostasis and variants in these proteins may be potential genetic modifiers of iron-related diseases. We examined the role of endofin, a SMAD anchor and show that knockdown of endofin in liver cells inhibits basal and BMP-induced hepcidin expression along with other BMP-regulated genes, ID1 and SMAD7. We show for the first time, the in situ interaction of endofin with SMAD proteins and significantly reduced SMAD phosphorylation with endofin knockdown, suggesting that endofin modulates hepcidin through BMP-SMAD signalling. Characterisation of naturally occurring SNPs show that mutations in the conserved FYVE domain result in mislocalisation of endofin, potentially affecting downstream signalling and modulating hepcidin expression. In conclusion, we have identified a hitherto unrecognised link, endofin, between the BMP-SMAD signalling pathway and the regulation of hepcidin expression and iron homeostasis. This study further defines the molecular network involved in iron regulation and provides potential targets for the treatment of iron-related disorders.
Zwitterionic Nanofibers of Super-Glue for Transparent and Biocompatible Multi-Purpose Coatings
Authors: Mele Elisa , Heredia-Guerrero José A. , Bayer Ilker S. , Ciofani Gianni , Genchi Giada G. , Ceseracciu Luca , Davis Alexander , Papadopoulou Evie L. , Barthel Markus J. , Marini Lara , Ruffilli Roberta , Athanassiou Athanassia
Published: September 2015

Here we show that macrozwitterions of poly(ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate), commonly called Super Glue, can easily assemble into long and well defined fibers by electrospinning. The resulting fibrous networks are thermally treated on glass in order to create transparent coatings whose superficial morphology recalls the organization of the initial electrospun mats. These textured coatings are characterized by low liquid adhesion and anti-staining performance. Furthermore, the low friction coefficient and excellent scratch resistance make them attractive as solid lubricants. The inherent texture of the coatings positively affects their biocompatibility. In fact, they are able to promote the proliferation and differentiation of myoblast stem cells. Optically-transparent and biocompatible coatings that simultaneously possess characteristics of low water contact angle hysteresis, low friction and mechanical robustness can find application in a wide range of technological sectors, from the construction and automotive industries to electronic and biomedical devices.
Transcriptome-wide analysis of chromium-stress responsive microRNAs to explore miRNA-mediated regulatory networks in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Liu Wei , Xu Liang , Wang Yan , Shen Hong , Zhu Xianwen , Zhang Keyun , Chen Yinglong , Yu Rugang , Limera Cecilia , Liu Liwang
Published: September 2015

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play pivotal roles in plant growth, development and stress response. Chromium (Cr) is one of common environmental contaminants possessing potential health hazards to living organisms. To date, little is known about the regulatory roles of miRNAs in response to Cr stress in radish. To systematically identify Cr-responsive miRNAs and their targets in radish, two sRNA libraries derived from Cr-free (CK) and Cr-treated (Cr200) roots were constructed. With Solexa sequencing, 81 known and 72 novel miRNAs were identified, from which 54 known and 16 novel miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed under Cr stress. Several target genes for Cr-responsive miRNAs encode different transcription factor (TF) families, including SPLs, MYBs, ERFs and bZIPs, might regulate corresponding HM-related transcriptional processes in plants. Notably, a few key responsive enzymes or proteins, including HMA, YSL1 and ABC transporter protein were involved in Cr uptake and homeostasis process. Furthermore, the expression patterns of some Cr-responsive miRNAs and their targets were validated by RT-qPCR. This study represents the first characterization of Cr-responsive miRNAs and their targets in radish. The outcomes of this study could provide novel insights into miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms underlying plant response to Cr stress in root vegetable crops.
PIK3CA mutation analysis in Chinese patients with surgically resected cervical cancer
Authors: Xiang Libing , Jiang Wei , Li Jiajia , Shen Xuxia , Yang Wentao , Yang Gong , Wu Xiaohua , Yang Huijuan
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of PIK3CA mutations in Chinese patients with surgically resected cervical cancer. PIK3CA mutations were screened in 771 cervical cancer specimens using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. In total, 13.6% (105 of 771) of patients harbored non-synonymous PIK3CA mutations. Patients harboring PIK3CA mutations were older than patients with wild-type PIK3CA (mean age: 50.7 years vs. 47.0 years, P < 0.01). PIK3CA mutations were more commonly observed in postmenopausal patients than in premenopausal patients (19.6% vs. 10.2%, P < 0.01). PIK3CA mutations were more common in squamous cell carcinomas than in non-squamous cell tumors (15.3% vs 7.3%, of P < 0.01). The 3-year relapse-free survival was 90.2% for PIK3CA mutant patients and 80.9% for PIK3CA wild-type patients (P = 0.03). PIK3CA mutation was confirmed as an independent predictor for better treatment outcome in the multivariate analyses (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.29–0.99, P = 0.048). PIK3CA mutations were significantly associated with less distant metastases (mutant-type: 8/105, wild-type: 98/666, p = 0.048). Thus, patients with mutant PIK3CA had distinct characteristics in age, menopausal status and histological subtype and have better treatment outcome and less distant metastasis after surgery-based multimodal therapy.
Experimental study of the protective effects of SYVN1 against diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Yang Shuo , He Heng , Ma Qi Si , Zhang Yong , Zhu Ying , Wan Xing , Wang Feng Wen , Wang Shuai Shuai , Liu Lei , Li Bin
Published: September 2015

Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). While many studies have focused on genes that increase susceptibility to DR, herein, we aimed to explore genes that confer DR resistance. Previously, we identified Hmg CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (SYVN1) as a putative DR protective gene via gene expression analysis. Transgenic mice overexpressing SYVN1 and wild-type (WT) mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were used in this experiment. Retinal damage and vascular leakage were investigated 6 months after induction of diabetes by histopathological and retinal cell apoptosis analyses and by retinal perfusion of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran. Compared with diabetic WT mice, diabetic SYVN1 mice had significantly more cells and reduced apoptosis in the retinal ganglion layer. Retinal vascular leakage was significantly lower in diabetic SYVN1 mice than in diabetic WT mice. The expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related, pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic genes were also analyzed. Lower expression levels were observed in diabetic SYVN1 mice than in WT controls, suggesting that SYVN1 may play an important role in inhibiting ER stress, chronic inflammation and vascular overgrowth associated with DR. Thus, these results strongly supported our hypothesis that SYVN1 confers DR resistance.
Age at menarche and endometrial cancer risk: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Gong Ting-Ting , Wang Yong-Lai , Ma Xiao-Xin
Published: September 2015

Evidence between age at menarche and endometrial cancer risk have been controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies to analyze the aforementioned association. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases until the end of June 2015. A random-effects model was used to estimate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between menarcheal age and endometrial cancer risk. Our meta-analysis included eight prospective studies involving 4553 subjects with endometrial cancer. The summarized RRs of endometrial cancer for menarcheal age were 0.68 (95%CI = 0.58–0.81,I2 = 41.9%,P = 0.099, n = 8) when comparing women with oldest category of menarcheal age with women with youngest category of menarcheal age. Notably, there was an 4% reduction in risk for per 2 years delay in menarcheal age (summarized RR = 0.96; 95%CI = 0.94–0.98,I2 = 45.7%,P = 0.101, n = 6). Additionally, significant inverse associations were consistent within all stratified analyses. There was no evidence of publication bias or significant heterogeneity between subgroups detected by meta-regression analyses. Our findings support the hypothesis that late menarcheal age is inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk. Further larger prospective or pooled studies are warranted to fully adjust for potential confounders and distinguish whether the associations differ by histological subtypes of endometrial cancer.
Deleterious Germline BLM Mutations and the Risk for Early-onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: de Voer Richarda M. , Hahn Marc-Manuel , Mensenkamp Arjen R. , Hoischen Alexander , Gilissen Christian , Henkes Arjen , Spruijt Liesbeth , van Zelst-Stams Wendy A. , Marleen Kets C. , Verwiel Eugene T. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Schackert Hans K. , van Kessel Ad Geurts , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline , Ligtenberg Marjolijn J.L. , Kuiper Roland P.
Published: September 2015

Bloom syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by chromosomal instability and increased cancer risk, caused by biallelic mutations in the RECQL-helicase gene BLM. Previous studies have led to conflicting conclusions as to whether carriers of heterozygous BLM mutations have an increased risk to develop colorectal cancer (CRC). We recently identified two carriers of a pathogenic BLM mutation in a cohort of 55 early-onset CRC patients (≤45 years of age), suggesting an overrepresentation compared to the normal population. Here, we performed targeted sequencing using molecular inversion probes to screen an additional cohort of 185 CRC patients (≤50 years of age) and 532 population-matched controls for deleterious BLM mutations. In total, we identified three additional CRC patients (1.6%) and one control individual (0.2%) that carried a known pathogenic BLM mutation, suggesting that these mutations are enriched in early-onset CRC patients (P = 0.05516). A comparison with local and publically available databases from individuals without suspicion for hereditary cancer confirmed this enrichment (P = 0.003534). Analysis of family members of the five BLM mutation carriers with CRC suggests an incomplete penetrance for CRC development. Therefore, these data indicate that carriers of deleterious BLM mutations are at increased risk to develop CRC, albeit with a moderate-to-low penetrance.
Composite materials with enhanced dimensionless Young’s modulus and desired Poisson’s ratio
Authors: Zhu H. X. , Fan T. X. , Zhang D.
Published: September 2015

We have designed a new type of composite materials which not only has a Young’s modulus much larger than the Voigt limit, but also is always nearly isotropic. Moreover, its Poisson’s ratio can be designed at a desired value, e.g. positive, or negative, or zero. We have also demonstrated that structural hierarchy can help to enhance the stiffness of this type of composite materials. The results obtained in this paper provide a very useful insight into the development of new functional materials and structures.
In situ single molecule detection of insulin receptors on erythrocytes from a type 1 diabetes ketoacidosis patient by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Zhang Lu , Pi Jiang , Shi Qiping , Cai Jiye , Yang Peihui , Liang Zhihong
Published: September 2015

A method to investigate the single molecule interactions between insulin and insulin receptor in erythrocytes from healthy volunteer and type 1 diabetes ketoacidosis (T1-DKA) patient was introduced using atomic force microscopy (AFM).
The development of the validated LCMS bioanalysis of trastuzumab in human plasma using a selective detection method for complementarity-determining regions of monoclonal antibodies: nano-surface and molecular-orientation limited (nSMOL) proteolysis
Authors: Iwamoto Noriko , Yamane Naoe , Umino Yukari , Hamada Akinobu , Shimada Takashi
Published: September 2015

nSMOL-LCMS bioanalysis of antibody drugs.
Lab-on-phone citrate-capped silver nanosensor for lidocaine hydrochloride detection from a biological matrix
Authors: Ansari Niha , Lodha Anand , Pandya Alok , Sutariya Pinkesh G. , Menon Shobhana K.
Published: September 2015

In the present investigation, we report the development of lab-on-phone, specific and sensitive citrate-capped silver nanosensor for lidocaine hydrochloride detection.
Metal-free boron-doped graphene for selective electroreduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid/formate
Authors: Sreekanth Narayanaru , Nazrulla Mohammed Azeezulla , Vineesh Thazhe Veettil , Sailaja Krishnamurty , Phani Kanala Lakshminarasimha
Published: September 2015

B-doped graphene electrocatalyses the reduction of CO2 to formic acid/formate with a high faradaic efficency.
β-Strand mimics based on tetrahydropyridazinedione (tpd) peptide stitching
Authors: Kang Chang Won , Sarnowski Matthew P. , Ranatunga Sujeewa , Wojtas Lukasz , Metcalf Rainer S. , Guida Wayne C. , Del Valle Juan R.
Published: September 2015

Covalent peptide stitching using tetrahydropyridazinedione subunits leads to novel constrained β-strand mimics.
All high-spin (S = 2) iron(ii) hemes are NOT alike
Authors: Hu Chuanjiang , Schulz Charles E. , Scheidt W. Robert
Published: September 2015

High spin iron(ii) porphyrinates ligated by imidazole, hydrogen-bonded imidazole, and imidazolate are found to display two distinct electronic structures.
π-System based coordination polymer hollow nanospheres for the selective sensing of aromatic nitro explosive compounds
Authors: Shi Naien , Zhang Yang , Xu Dandan , Song Chuanyuan , Jin Xiaolei , Liu Dong , Xie Linghai , Huang Wei
Published: September 2015

π-System embedded coordination polymer hollow nanospheres were synthesized, which showed a good sensing performance for the detection of aromatic explosive nitro-compounds.
One-step synthesis of porous bimetallic PtCu nanocrystals with high electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Eid Kamel , Wang Hongjing , He Pei , Wang Kunmiao , Ahamad Tansir , Alshehri Saad M. , Yamauchi Yusuke , Wang Liang
Published: September 2015

Porous bimetallic PtCu nanocrystals, which are highly active catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction, are prepared by a one-step method.
Global transcriptome analysis reveals distinct bacterial response towards soluble and surface-immobilized antimicrobial peptide (Lasioglossin-III)
Authors: Basu Anindya , Mishra Biswajit , Leong Susanna Su Jan
Published: September 2015

Bacterial response towards soluble and immobilized AMP molecules revealed through global transcriptome analysis.
Design, preparation, and selection of DNA-encoded dynamic libraries
Authors: Li Gang , Zheng Wenlu , Chen Zitian , Zhou Yu , Liu Yu , Yang Junrui , Huang Yanyi , Li Xiaoyu
Published: September 2015

DNA-encoded dynamic libraries (DEDLs) are realized by dynamic DNA hybridization and a novel equilibrium-locking mechanism.
A core–shell-structured TiO2(B) nanofiber@porous RuO2composite as a carbon-free catalytic cathode for Li–O2batteries
Authors: Guo Ziyang , Li Chao , Liu Jingyuan , Su Xiuli , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao
Published: September 2015

We designed a core−shell-structured TiO2(B) nanofiber@porous RuO2composite as a carbon-free cathode for Li–O2batteries.
Self-assembly of bi-functional peptides on large-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles for miRNA binding and delivery
Authors: Lu Jingxiong , Shen Hsin-Hui , Wu Zhangxiong , Wang Bo , Zhao Dongyuan , He Lizhong
Published: September 2015

Bi-functional peptide can bind both silica and miRNA, enabling non-covalent adsorption of miRNA on silica nanoparticles for delivery.
Facile synthesis of yolk–shell silica nanoparticles for targeted tumor therapy
Authors: Dai Liangliang , Zhang Qingfeng , Gu Hao , Cai Kaiyong
Published: September 2015

Redox-responsive yolk–shell silica nanoparticles end-capped with rotaxane nanovalves were fabricated for targeted tumor therapy with high efficiency.
Mechanism of chemical doping in electronic-type-separated single wall carbon nanotubes towards high electrical conductivity
Authors: Puchades Ivan , Lawlor Colleen C. , Schauerman Christopher M. , Bucossi Andrew R. , Rossi Jamie E. , Cox Nathanael D. , Landi Brian J.
Published: September 2015

Electronic-type-separated SWCNTs thin-films were used to demonstrate that the strength of the redox potential of dopants influences their electrical conductivity enhancement.
Blue-emitting organic electrofluorescence materials: progress and prospective
Authors: Chen Wen-Cheng , Lee Chun-Sing , Tong Qing-Xiao
Published: September 2015

The recent progress in blue-emitting organic electrofluorescence materials with high performance using triplet excitons is reviewed.
Current Insights into the Pathogenesis of Graves’
Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Bahn R. S.
Published: September 2015

Environmental, genetic, and immune factors are at play in the development of the
variable clinical manifestations of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). Among the
environmental contributions, smoking is the risk factor most consistently linked
to the development or worsening of the disease. The close temporal relationship
between the diagnoses of Graves’ hyperthyroidism and GO have long suggested that
these 2 autoimmune conditions may share pathophysiologic features. The finding
that the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) is expressed in orbital fibroblasts, the
target cells in GO, supported the notion of a common autoantigen. Both cellular
and humeral immunity directed against TSHR expressed on orbital fibroblasts
likely initiate the disease process. Activation of helper T cells recognizing
TSHR peptides and ligation of TSHR by TRAb lead to the secretion of inflammatory
cytokines and chemokines, and enhanced hyaluronic acid (HA) production and
adipogenesis. The resulting connective tissue remodeling results in varying
degrees extraocular muscle enlargement and orbital fat expansion. A subset of
orbital fibroblasts express CD34, are bone-marrow derived, and circulate as
fibrocytes that infiltrate connective tissues at sites of injury or
inflammation. As these express high levels of TSHR and are capable of producing
copious cytokines and chemokines, they may represent an orbital fibroblast
population that plays a central role in GO development. In addition to TSHR,
orbital fibroblasts from patients with GO express high levels of IGF-1R. Recent
studies suggest that these receptors engage in cross-talk induced by TSHR
ligation to synergistically enhance TSHR signaling, HA production, and the
secretion of inflammatory mediators.
A simple and non-contact optical imaging probe for evaluation of corneal diseases
Authors: Hong Xun Jie Jeesmond , Shinoj V. K. , Murukeshan V. M. , Baskaran M. , Aung T.
Published: September 2015

Non-contact imaging techniques are preferred in ophthalmology. Corneal disease is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and a possible way of detection is by analyzing the shape and optical quality of the cornea. Here, a simple and cost-effective, non-contact optical probe system is proposed and illustrated. The probe possesses high spatial resolutions and is non-dependent on coupling medium, which are significant for a clinician and patient friendly investigation. These parameters are crucial, when considering an imaging system for the objective diagnosis and management of corneal diseases. The imaging of the cornea is performed on ex vivo porcine samples and subsequently on small laboratory animals, in vivo. The clinical significance of the proposed study is validated by performing imaging of the New Zealand white rabbit’s cornea infected with Pseudomonas.
Assignment of the vibrations of the S, S1, and D+ states of perhydrogenated and perdeuterated isotopologues of chlorobenzene
Authors: Andrejeva Anna , Tuttle William D. , Harris Joe P. , Wright Timothy G.
Published: September 2015

We report vibrationally resolved spectra of the S1←S0 transition of chlorobenzene using resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy. We study chlorobenzene-h5 as well as its perdeuterated isotopologue, chlorobenzene-d5. Changes in the form of the vibrational modes between the isotopologues and also between the S0 and S1 electronic states are discussed for each species. Vibrational bands are assigned utilizing quantum chemical calculations, previous experimental results, and isotopic shifts, including those between the 35Cl and 37Cl isotopologues. Previous work and assignments of the S1 spectra are discussed. Additionally, the vibrations in the ground state cation, D0+, are considered, since these have also been used by previous workers in assigning the excited neutral state spectra.
A switchable and stable single-longitudinal-mode, dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser assisted by Rayleigh backscattering in tapered fiber
Authors: Gu Jian , Yang Yanfu , Liu Meng , Zhang Jianyu , Wang Xiaorui , Yuan Yijun , Yao Yong
Published: September 2015

We have proposed and demonstrated a novel switchable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM), dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (DWEDFL) assisted by Rayleigh backscattering (RBS) in a tapered fiber in a ring laser configuration. The RBS feedback in a tapered fiber is a key mechanism as linewidth narrowing for laser output. A compound laser cavity ensured that the EDFL operated in the SLM state and a saturable absorber (SA) is employed to form a gain grating for both filtering and improving wavelength stability. The fiber laser can output dual wavelengths simultaneously or operate at single wavelength in a switchable manner. Experiment results show that with the proper SA, the peak power drift was improved from 1–2 dB to 0.31 dB and the optical signal to noise ratio was higher than 60 dB. Under the assistance of RBS feedback, the laser linewidths are compressed by around three times and the Lorentzian 3 dB linewidths of 445 Hz and 425 Hz are obtained at 1550 nm and 1554 nm, respectively.
Brillouin function characteristics for La-Co substituted barium hexaferrites
Authors: Wu Chuanjian , Yu Zhong , Yang Yan , Sun Ke , Guo Rongdi , Jiang Xiaona , Lan Zhongwen
Published: September 2015

La-Co substituted barium hexaferrites with the chemical formula of Ba1−xLaxFe12−xCoxO19 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5), prepared by a conventional ceramic method, were systematically investigated by Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The result manifests that all the compounds are crystallized in magnetoplumbite hexagonal structure. Trivalent cobalt ions prevailingly occupy the 2a, 4f1, and 12k sites. According to Néel model of collinear-spin ferrimagnetism, the molecular-field coefficients ωbf2, ωkf1, ωaf1, ωkf2, and ωbk of La-Co substituted barium hexaferrites have been calculated using the nonlinear fitting method, and the magnetic moment of five sublattices (2a, 2b, 4f1, 4f2, and 12k) versus temperature T has been also investigated. The fitting results are coincided well with the experimental data. Moreover, with the increase of La-Co substitution amount x, the molecular-field coefficients ωbf2 and ωaf1 decrease constantly, while the molecular-field coefficients ωkf1, ωkf2, and ωbk show a slight change.
Ultra-bright, high-energy-density γ-ray emission from a gas-filled gold cone-capillary
Authors: Zhu Xing-Long , Yin Yan , Yu Tong-Pu , Liu Jin-Jin , Zou De-Bin , Ge Zhe-Yi , Wang Wei-Quan , Shao Fu-Qiu
Published: September 2015

We propose a new scheme to obtain a compact ultra-bright, high-energy-density γ ray source by ultra-intense laser interaction with a near-critical-density (NCD) plasmas filled gold cone-capillary. By using the particle-in-cell code EPOCH, it is shown that NCD electrons are accelerated by the laser ponderomotive force in the gold cone and emit strong radiation. Considering the effect of large radiation back-reaction force, some electrons are kicked into the laser field. The trapped electrons oscillate significantly in the transverse direction and emit ultra-bright γ ray in the forward direction. By attaching a capillary to the gold cone, the trapped electrons are able to keep oscillating for a long distance and the radiation emission can be significantly enhanced. Three-dimensional simulations show that the total γ photon flux with the photon energy in the range of 3 MeV to 30 MeV is approximately 1013/shot, and the corresponding peak brightness is in the order of 1023 photons/s/mm2/mrad2/0.1%BW. The average energy-density of the radiated γ photons is about 1017J/m3, which is six orders of magnitude higher than the threshold of high-energy-density physics. The energy conversion efficiency from the laser to the γ photons is estimated to be about 5% at the irradiation of a laser with intensity ∼1.37×1022W/cm2.
Direct identification of predator-prey dynamics in gyrokinetic simulations
Authors: Kobayashi Sumire , Gürcan Özgür D , Diamond Patrick H.
Published: September 2015

The interaction between spontaneously formed zonal flows and small-scale turbulence in nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations is explored in a shearless closed field line geometry. It is found that when clear limit cycle oscillations prevail, the observed turbulent dynamics can be quantitatively captured by a simple Lotka-Volterra type predator-prey model. Fitting the time traces of full gyrokinetic simulations by such a reduced model allows extraction of the model coefficients. Scanning physical plasma parameters, such as collisionality and density gradient, it was observed that the effective growth rates of turbulence (i.e., the prey) remain roughly constant, in spite of the higher and varying level of primary mode linear growth rates. The effective growth rate that was extracted corresponds roughly to the zonal-flow-modified primary mode growth rate. It was also observed that the effective damping of zonal flows (i.e., the predator) in the parameter range, where clear predator-prey dynamics is observed, (i.e., near marginal stability) agrees with the collisional damping expected in these simulations. This implies that the Kelvin-Helmholtz-like instability may be negligible in this range. The results imply that when the tertiary instability plays a role, the dynamics becomes more complex than a simple Lotka-Volterra predator prey.
Properties of grating modes and their effect on reflection behavior of a periodic array of parallel rods by modal method
Authors: Wang Jin , Li Hao , Cao Xiyuan , Du Junjie , Zhang Weiping
Published: September 2015

We analyze the property of the grating modes given by the modal method in a periodic array of parallel square rods. It is shown that the grating modes can be classified as the non-coupling mode originating from the interaction between optical waves and dielectric and the coupling mode from the inter-rod interaction. The non-coupling mode, therefore, can be excited in any case, in comparison with the coupling mode denoting a geometrical resonance of a rod array and sensitive to any change of structure. The coupling and non-coupling modes determine the optical properties of the array together. The study for a low-permittivity dielectric rod array shows that when the high reflectance is achieved, the coupling mode is excited to provide the transmission component to cancel out that from the non-coupling modes. Our results could provide the basis for understanding and optimizing optical devices based on rod arrays.
Quantitative measurement of permeabilization of living cells by terahertz attenuated total reflection
Authors: Grognot Marianne , Gallot Guilhem
Published: September 2015

Using Attenuated Total Reflection imaging technique in the terahertz domain, we demonstrate non-invasive, non-staining real time measurements of cytoplasm leakage during permeabilization of epithelial cells by saponin. The terahertz signal is mostly sensitive to the intracellular protein concentration in the cells, in a very good agreement with standard bicinchoninic acid protein measurements. It opens the way to in situ real time dynamics of protein content and permeabilization in live cells.
Effect of electron reflection on magnetized plasma sheath in an oblique magnetic field
Authors: Wang Ting-Ting , Ma J. X. , Wei Zi-An
Published: September 2015

Magnetized plasma sheaths in an oblique magnetic field were extensively investigated by conventionally assuming Boltzmann relation for electron density. This article presents the study of the magnetized sheath without using the Boltzmann relation but by considering the electron reflection along the magnetic field lines caused by the negative sheath potential. A generalized Bohm criterion is analytically derived, and sheath profiles are numerically obtained, which are compared with the results of the conventional model. The results show that the ion Mach number at the sheath edge normal to the wall has a strong dependence on the wall potential, which differs significantly from the conventional model in which the Mach number is independent of the wall potential. The floating wall potential is lower in the present model than that in the conventional model. Furthermore, the sheath profiles are appreciably narrower in the present model when the wall bias is low, but approach the result of the conventional model when the wall bias is high. The sheath thickness decreases with the increase of ion-to-electron temperature ratio and magnetic field strength but has a complex relationship with the angle of the magnetic field.
Thickness-dependent blue shift in the excitonic peak of conformally grown ZnO:Al on ion-beam fabricated self-organized Si ripples
Authors: Basu T. , Kumar M. , Nandy S. , Satpati B. , Saini C. P. , Kanjilal A. , Som T.
Published: September 2015

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films of thicknesses 5,10, 15, 20, and 30 nm were deposited on 500 eV argon ion-beam fabricated nanoscale self-organized rippled-Si substrates at room temperature and are compared with similar films deposited on pristine-Si substrates (without ripples). It is observed that morphology of self-organized AZO films is driven by the underlying substrate morphology. For instance, for pristine-Si substrates, a granular morphology evolves for all AZO films. On the other hand, for rippled-Si substrates, morphologies having chain-like arrangement (anisotropic in nature) are observed up to a thickness of 20 nm, while a granular morphology evolves (isotropic in nature) for 30 nm-thick film. Photoluminescence studies reveal that excitonic peaks corresponding to 5–15 nm-thick AZO films, grown on rippled-Si templates, show a blue shift of 8 nm and 3 nm, respectively, whereas the peak shift is negligible for 20-nm thick film (with respect to their pristine counter parts). The observed blue shifts are substantiated by diffuse reflectance study and attributed to quantum confinement effect, associated with the size of the AZO grains and their spatial arrangements driven by the anisotropic morphology of underlying rippled-Si templates. The present findings will be useful for making tunable AZO-based light-emitting devices.