bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing expression of dynamin-related protein 1 increases radiation sensitivity of glioblastoma cells
Authors: Shen Chiung-Chyi , Cheng Wen-Yu , Chow Kuan-Chih , Chiao Ming-Tsang , Yang Yi-Chi
Published: December 2019

Background: Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is a GTPase involved in mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial protein imports, and drug sensitivity, suggesting an association with cancer progression. This study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of DRP1 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
Methods : DRP1 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Correlations between DRP1 expression and clinicopathological parameters were by statistical analysis. Differences in survival were compared by a log-rank test.
Results : DRP1 expression was detected in 87.2% (41/47) patients with GBM. Patients with higher DRP1 levels had worse survival ( p = 0.0398). In vitro , silencing of DRP1 reduced cell proliferation, invasive potential, and radiation resistance. The addition of shikonin inhibited DRP1 expression and increased drug uptake. Moreover, shikonin reduced the nuclear entry of DNA repair-associated enzymes and increased radiation sensitivity, suggesting that to reduce DRP1 expression could inhibit DNA repair and increase the radiation sensitivity of GBM cells.
Conclusions : Our results indicate that DRP1 overexpression is a prospective radio-resistant phenotype in GBM. Therefore, DRP1 could be a potential target for improving the effectiveness of radiation therapy.
Smear Microscopy Examination for Malaria and Tuberculosis at Primary Health Care Unit Level of Guragae Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gebi Teha Shumbej , Sofia Menu , Gebru Teklemichael , Absra Solomon , Daniel Kahase , Mihret Alemayehu , Nuriye Keyredin , Dereje Mesfin , Tadele Girum , Fitsum Bekele
Published: December 2019

Background: Accurate early diagnosis and prompt treatment is one of the core strategies employed to address malaria and tuberculosis related problems. Laboratory confirmation improves disease management most efficiently within well-managed health laboratory systems. External quality assurance participation is associated with improved laboratory performance over time as it is a system for objectively checking a laboratory’s performance. However, many professionals in Sub Saharan Africa countries are unable to effectively implement a quality assurance program. This study aimed to assess the quality of smear microscopy in Guragae zone primary health care unit, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted to recruit twenty-one primary health care units between May and August 2019. Blind rechecking was used to collect data. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values were calculated by considering the final re-reading result as the gold standard. The level of agreement was measured using Kappa value. SPSS version 21 was used for data management and analysis. Result: A total of 860 and 318 stained slides for tuberculosis and malaria were collected, respectively. From total collected slides for tuberculosis, about 13.1 % of them were reported positive and from total malaria slides collected, half were positive for Plasmodium species at the peripheral laboratory while about 36.1% and 13% were confirmed positive for Plasmodium species and tuberculosis, respectively during re-reading at Wolkite University laboratory. Referring to the final result, the surveyed health facilities achieved “moderate agreement”(K=0.6) on malaria slide detection and “almost perfect agreement” (K=0.9) on slides for acid-fast bacilli. Only 4.4% of the surveyed health facilities incorporate malaria parasite count estimation in their report as per the current guideline. Conclusion: Now is the time to build sustainable laboratory capacity in resource-poor settings like Ethiopia that can be used to manage existing infectious diseases including malaria and tuberculosis. Malaria related technical problems were identified in this study. Thus, the authors believe that a continuous and strong malaria quality assurance schemes should be implemented at each laboratory to ensure reliable results.
Related factors to Integrated Management of Childhood illnesses at 18 Colombian Cities
Authors: Sierra Andrés Mauricio García , Cañas Jovana Alexandra Ocampo
Published: December 2019

Background: Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) is a strategy developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF in 1992. It was deployed as an integrated approach to improve children's health in the world. This strategy is divided into three components: organizational, clinical, and communitarian. If the related factors to Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses in low- and middle-income countries are known, the likelihood of decreasing infant morbidity and mortality rates could be increased. Objective: To identify, from the clinical component of the strategy, the related factors to Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses at 18 Colombian cities. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was performed with a secondary analysis of databases of a study conducted at Colombia by the Public Health group of Universidad de Los Andes in 2016. An Integrated Care Index was calculated as a dependent variable and descriptive bivariate and multivariate analyses to find the relationship between this index and the relevant variables from literature. Results: Information was obtained from 165 medical appointments made by nurses, general practitioners, and pediatricians. Health access is given mainly in the urban area, in the first level care and outpatient context. Essential medicines availability, necessary supplies, second level care, medical appointment periods longer than 30 minutes and care to child under 30 months are often related to higher rates of Integrated Care Index Conclusion: Health care provided to children under five remains incomplete because it does not present the basic minimums for the adequate IMCI´s implementation in the country. It is necessary to provide integrated care that provides medicine availability and essential supplies that reduce access barriers and improve the system's fragmentation. Keywords Health care, infant mortality, IMCI, Primary health care.
Arctigenin upregulates apoptosis through the AKT/MTOR pathway, inhibiting the proliferation of glioma
Authors: yongan jiang , yu Liu Jia , Wangwang Hong , Xiaowei Fei , ru'en Liu
Published: December 2019

Arctigenin (ARG) is a natural lignan compound extracted from arctium lappa and has displayed anticancer functions and effective treatments in a variety of cancers.Studies had shown that Arctigenin(ARG) inhibits tumors through the AKT/MTOR pathway and mediates autophagy.However,the role in glioma cellshave not still fully understood.This study was designed to investigate whether Arctigenin(ARG) can mediateAKT/mTOR pathway in glioma to regulate autophagy,and affected glioma cells growth and survival.We found that the dose-dependent downregulation of Arctigenin(ARG),reducing cell proliferation,migration and invasion in two human glioblastoma cell lines (U87, T98G),These phenomena were reversed after the administration of the AKT agonist (SC79). Arctigenin(ARG) also affected other autophagy markers such as p62, LC3B.In addition, the apoptotic molecules cleaved-PARP,caspase-9, and cleaved-caspase3 were also dose-dependently altered.
Prognostic function of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in gynecologic cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fan Chong , Dai Youjin , Wang Yiquan , Miao Miao , Rui Can , Wang Xinyan , Liu Yu , Luan Ting , Li Ping , Zeng Xin
Published: December 2019

Background: Although along with the diagnosis and treatment level enhanced, current situation of the gynecologic malignancies improved, the risk of gynecologic tumor remains high. Nowadays, inflammatory markers increasingly employed as a tumor predictive factor. Herein, we focused on the association between the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and gynecological cancers, including cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer.
Methods: In this meta-analysis, we searched systematically on the EMBASE and PubMed databases from June 1, 1989 to May 31, 2019. After excluded some unqualified articles, we calculated the pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) mainly to detect the relationship between PLR and prognostic survival, including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Random-effect model was adopted when I 2 >50% after Higgins I 2 test. Subgroup analysis and funnel plot were used to seek for the possible source of heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. All statistical tests were two-sided.
Results: After a series of searching and selection, twenty-eight literatures containing 8290 participants totally. Among those recruited trials, 26 studies comprising 8109 patients reported HR for OS and 15 researches enrolled 4283 patients for PFS. Overall, a high value of PLR means a worse OS and PFS in women with gynecologic cancer except those with endometrial cancer for OS (pooled HR =1.35, 95% CI =0.73 to 2.53, P =0.33). Subgroup analyses indicated that the source of heterogeneity may be primarily from the sample size, PLR cut-off, study location, published year, and the cut-off year for the study. Publication bias manifested that bias was not evident.
Conclusion: Elevated pretreatment PLR portends a poor prognosis among patients with gynecological tumor, as well as in women with cervical and ovarian malignancies for both OS and PFS. However, in patients with endometrial cancer, this connection is broken for OS but still available for PFS.
Anticipated HIV Stigma Among HIV Negative Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Liu Chuncheng , Zhang Ye , Pan Stepen W , Cao Bolin , Ong Jason J , Fu Hongyun , Wu Dan , Fu Rong , Wei Chongyi , Tucker Joseph D , Tang Weiming
Published: December 2019

Background: Anticipated HIV stigma, i.e., the expectation of adverse experiences from one’s seroconversion, is associated with both negative psychological and behavioral outcomes. We know little about anticipated HIV stigma’s relationship with emerging technologies, such as HIV self-testing (HIVST) and online sex-seeking platforms, that have become popular among populations that are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. This study examined correlates of anticipated HIV stigma among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods: In July 2016, MSM, who were ≥ 16 years old and self-reported as HIV negative or unknown, were recruited from a gay mobile phone application in China. Information regarding socio-demographics, sexual behaviors, sexual health service utilization, and anticipated HIV stigma were collected. Anticipated HIV stigma (i.e., negative attitude toward future stigmatization of HIV seroconversion by others) was measured as the mean score from a 7-item Likert-scale ranging from 1 (low) to 4 (high). Generalized linear models were conducted to examine the factors associated with the anticipated HIV stigma scores.

Results: Overall, 2006 men completed the survey. Most men completed high school (1308/2006, 65.2%) and had an annual personal income of ≤ 9200 USD (1431/2006, 71.3%). The mean anticipated HIV stigma score for the participants was 2.98±0.64. Using social media to seek sexual partners was associated with higher anticipated HIV stigma (Adjusted β=0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05 to 0.17, p=0.001). HIV self-testing (Adjusted β=–0.07, 95%CI: -0.13 to -0.01, p=0.02) and having disclosed one’s sexual orientation to a healthcare provider (Adjusted β=-0.16, 95%CI: -0.22 to -0.96, p<0.001) were associated with lower anticipated HIV stigma.

Conclusion: Our data suggested that anticipated HIV stigma is still common among Chinese MSM not living with HIV. Tailored anti-HIV stigma campaigns on social media are especially needed, and the promotion of HIVST may be a promising approach.
Short-term foreign exchange forecasting: decision making based on expert polls
Authors: An Jaehyung , Dorofeev Mikhail
Published: December 2019

The paper aims to analyze the decision making based on expert polls for short-term foreign exchange (FX) forecasting from the viewpoint of the economic behavior theory. The paper offers the assessment of the problem of decision making for forecasting and investment into foreign currency. This study analyzes the relative accuracy of expert polls and forecasts, based on historical data, in the prediction of the most liquid currency pairs (EUR/USD, USD/JPY, GBP/USD) as well as USD/RUB currency pair on time horizons 1, 2, 6, and 12 months. Observation period lasted from January 2018 to January 2019. For EUR/USD (56-62 experts), the polls were more accurate than historical simulations. For GBP/USD (28-70 experts), historical simulations were more accurate than polls. For USD/JPY and USD/RUB, historical simulations are better earlier, while polls are slightly better later. The main conclusion is that EUR/USD historical modeling is usually less accurate on the horizon more than half a year as compared with expert polls for making the decisions about the future exchange rate.
The effect of tax planning, company value, and leverage on income smoothing practices in companies listed on Jakarta Islamic Index
Authors: Megarani Novia , Warno Warno , Fauzi Muchammad
Published: December 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of tax planning, company value, and leverage on income smoothing practice in companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index for the period 2010-2017.

Method - The data in this study consisted of 12 companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index for the period 2010-2017. Samples are selected using the purposive sampling method. Eckel Index classification uses two types of earning as the target of incomee smoothing, namely operating income and income before tax. Hypothesis testing uses a logistic regression analysis model.

Result - Result of simultaneously logistic regression tests tax planning, company value, and leverage affect income smoothing. And results of the partial logistic regression test of company value variable have a significant effect on income smoothing practices, while the tax planning and leverage variables have no significant effect on income smoothing practices.

Implication - This study proves that tax planning, corporate value, and leverage simultaneously have a significant effect on income smoothing practices but partially not so that there are many variables that play a role.

Originality - The research is the first study that describe use sharia relate income smoothing.
Are characteristics of sharia supervisory boards able to improve the performance of islamic banking?
Authors: Fitriana Ratna , Yulianto Agung , Solikhah Badingatus
Published: December 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of characteristics of Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS) such as DPS scientific background, dual positions of DPS, and the number of supervision days on the performance of Islamic banking. This paper also analyze profit sharing financing as an intervening variabl

Method - The population of this study is Islamic Banks in Indonesia in 2012-2017 are 13 sharia bank. The selection of samples in this study using purposive sampling method and selected 8 banks. The data was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis, path analysis, and sobel test.

Result - The results showed that the number of DPS supervision days has a positive effect on the Sharia financial performance, multiple positions of DPS have a positive effect on profit sharing financing. The profit sharing financing is not able to mediate the relationship of the characteristics of the Sharia Supervisory Board to the Sharia financial performance.

Implication - Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia suggest to improve the financial performance in accordance with sharia principles.

Originality - This research is the first study that used intervening variable profit sharing financing.
Fat Content in Preschoolers’ Diet
Authors: Petrova Svetlana , Yeshchenko Anastasia , Mineeva Elena
Published: December 2019

Introduction. It is healthy and balanced nutrition that determines human health from childhood, thus forming able-bodied, reproductive, intellectual, and vital potential of the country. Therefore, children’s diet should take into consideration the physiological needs of the growing organism for energy, macro and microelements, minor and biologically active substances. The research featured the diet of preschoolers. The paper describes an attempt to optimize the energy, nutritional value, and balance according to the physiological norms.

Study objects and methods. The research involved preschoolers aged 3–7 from a local nursery boarding school (Ivanovo, Russia). Based on the analysis of the menu, the authors assessed its diet compliance with the daily physiological nutrition norms. The fat content of the daily ration was assessed, first, according to the absolute deviation from physiologically complete dietary fat. The index has a zero value for fat proper. The second index was the ratio of polyunsaturated linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids, which should be 5–10:1.

Results and discussion. The daily caloric intake exceeded the norm by 6 %. The diet lacked dietary fiber and was too rich in fat. As for the qualitative composition of the fat content, the children’s diet showed a significant deficit of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The authors proposed to partially replace sunflower oil with flaxseed, substitute the fatty filling in the waffles with fruit filling, slightly reduce the proportion of butter, and add encapsulated fish oil.

Conclusion. Аs a result of the optimization, the fat content in the diet decreased by 12%; the ratio of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-6 and ω-3 was 7.8:1, which corresponds to the standard parameters.
Effect of Antioxidant Vitamin Complex on Disease Prevention
Authors: Pozdnyakova Olga , Kazakova Maria , Avstrievskikh Alexander , Poznyakovskiy Valeriy
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Hypovitaminosis is currently common among various social groups. The present research offers a new medical formulation that includes a complex of antioxidant vitamins with a highly beneficial synergistic effect. Study objects and methods. The research employed the SF-36 questionnaire to assess the quality of life in patients with chronic diseases, as recommended by the WHO. The SF-36 questionnaire provides a quantitative description of the physical, emotional, and social components of the quality of life. Clinical control was performed on days 31–32 from the onset of the medication. The state of the microcirculatory bed was assessed in laboratory conditions by applying pressure to the nail bed. The concentration of malondialdehyde was determined by the method developed by M. Uchiyama and M. Mihara. Results and discussion. The paper introduces the formulation and describes the properties of each component. The efficacy of the medicine was confirmed experimentally. Twenty education and health workers were administered the medicine for one month. The control group consisted of fifteen volunteers, who were randomized and grouped according to professional factor, sex, and age. The control group consumed the medicine together with standard vitamins A, C, and E in adequate dosages. Conclusion. The developed medicine proved able to improve the physical, social, and emotional aspects of life quality under high psychophysical stress. The polyvalent effect of the components demonstrated a tropism to collagen synthesis. In addition, it showed an antioxidant effect and improved microcirculation. The medicine can be used preventively to reduce the risk of chronic pathology based on the accumulation of excess free radical activity.
Evaluation of Fish Raw Materials as a Way to Increase the Information Content of its Characteristics
Authors: Safronova Tamara , Panchishina Ekaterina , Kraschenko Victoria , Karpenko Yuliya
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The research features a detailed sensory evaluation of mass fishing objects belonging to different families, namely: the Macrouridae represented by the giant grenadier (Albatrossia pectoralis), the Herrings represented by the Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), and the Salmons represented by the Keta salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). The research objective was to study the possibility of increasing the information content of the verbal description of fish raw materials in combination with a quantitative assessment of individual sensory indicators.

Research objects and methods. The paper introduces the concept of detailed verbal description of group parameters of raw and heattreated muscle tissue. The description can increase the information capacity of sensory studies. The concept of extended description of fish raw material was added to the main sensory properties that describe color, smell, taste, and consistency. They include data on the properties of local areas with subcutaneous layer, dark muscles, fat layers, etc. Such a detailed verbal description gives an in-depth view of the sensory properties, which is part of general information on the functional and technological properties of the fish and a key factor in designing new developed products. To improve the objectivity of sensory research, the authors employed the method of quantitative evaluation.

Results and discussion. The results were summed up as data on the significance coefficients established by experts, ranked, and expressed as a percentage. The significance coefficient is a method of quantitative regulation of the share of each sensory indicator in the general sensory evaluation. The research showed that the greater the number of group sensory indicators that characterize the object, the smaller and more similar their coefficients of significance, which dramatically reduces application opportunities. Therefore, significance coefficient proved a convenient means of measurement and visual presentation. However, the research was limited by the experimental conditions.

Conclusion. The study of the fish raw materials established, identified, and described individual sensory indicators that involved about twenty lexical units for raw material and thirty units for heat-treated muscle tissue. The individual sensory indicators characterized color, smell, and taste. They differed in the presence of several degrees of gradation and fit into a vertical three-level (sometimes two-level) classification. Group touch indicator of the consistency describes mostly single-level unit indicators with 4–6 lexical units. As a result, the detailed description of sensory properties of fish raw materials included 2–3 times more lexical units compared to the traditional description of fish raw materials in the special reference literature.
Computer-aided Diagnosis of Melanoma: A Review of Existing Knowledge and Strategies
Authors: Maiti Ananjan , Chatterjee Biswajoy , Ashour Amira S. , Dey Nilanjan
Published: December 2019

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are the best alternative for immediate disclosure
and diagnosis of skin diseases. Such systems comprise several image processing procedures,
including segmentation, feature extraction and artificial intelligence (AI) based methods. This
survey highlights different CAD methodologies for diagnosing Melanoma and related skin diseases.
It has also discussed types, stages, treatments and various imaging techniques of skin cancer.
Currently, researchers developed new techniques to detect each stage. Extensive studies on melanoma
cancer detection were performed by incorporating advanced machine learning. Still, there is
a high need for an accurate, faster, affordable, portable methodology for a CAD system. This will
strengthen the work in related fields and address the future direction of a similar kind of research.
Synthesis, SAR, In silico Appraisal and Anti-Microbial Study of Substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles Derivatives
Authors: Anuse Devidas G. , Mali Suraj N. , Thorat Bapu R. , Yamgar Ramesh S. , Chaudhari Hemchandra K.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health problem, which is being
rapidly deteriorating the quality of human health. Series of substituted N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-
(4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl) piperidin-1-yl)acetamide (3a-j) were synthesized from substituted
N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamide/bromopropanamide (2a-j) and 6-fluoro-3-
(piperidin-4-yl)benzo[d]isoxazole (2) and further evaluated for their docking properties and antimicrobial
activity.

Methods:

All the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, NMR and Mass spectral
analysis. All compounds were allowed to dock against different antimicrobial targets having PDB
ID: 1D7U and against common antifungal target having PDB ID: 1EA1.

Results:

The compounds 3d and 3h showed good activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA, resistance Gram-positive bacteria). All synthesized compounds showed
good to moderate activity against selected bacterial and fungal microbial strains. If we compared
the actual in-vitro antimicrobial activity and in silico molecular docking study, we found that molecules
3i and 3h were more potent than the others.

Conclusion:

Our current study would definitely pave the new way of designing and synthesis of
more potent 2-aminobenzothiazoles derivatives.
Carvacrol Induced Program Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Androgen-Independent Human Prostate Cancer Cells via Inhibition of Notch Signaling
Authors: Khan Fahad , Singh Vipendra K. , Saeed Mohd , Kausar Mohd A. , Ansari Irfan A.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Several studies have revealed that abnormal activation of Notch signaling is closely related with the development and progression of prostate cancer. Although there are numerous therapeutic strategies, a more effective modality with least side effects is urgently required for the treatment of prostate cancer. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol and majorly present in the essential oils of Lamiaceae family plants. Many previous reports have shown various biological activities of carvacrol like antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer properties. Recently, we have shown potent anticancer property of carvacrol against prostate cancer cell line DU145. In the current study, we report the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of carvacrol against another prostate cancer cell line PC-3 with its detailed mechanism of action.

Methods:

To determine the effect of the carvacrol on prostate cancer cells, the cell viability was estimated by MTT assay and cell death was estimated by LDH release assay. The apoptotic assay was performed by DAPI staining and FITC-Annexin V assay. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was estimated by DCFDA method. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real time PCR.

Results:

Our results suggested that the carvacrol treatment significantly reduced the cell viability of PC-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The antiproliferative action of carvacrol was correlated with apoptosis which was confirmed by nuclear condensation, FITC-Annexin V assay, modulation in expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase activation. The mechanistic insight into carvacrol-induced apoptosis leads to finding of elevated level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. Cell cycle analysis revealed that carvacrol prevented cell cycle in G0/G1 that was associated with decline in expression of cyclin D1 and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) and augmented expression of CDK inhibitor p21. Having been said the role of hyperactivation of Notch signaling in prostate cancer, we also deciphered that carvacrol could inhibit Notch signaling in PC-3 cells via downregulation of Notch-1, and Jagged-1.

Conclusion:

Thus, our previous and current findings have established the strong potential of carvacrol as a chemopreventive agent against androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells.
Oral Soluble Films: Attributes of the Polymeric Material and Critical Process Parameters for Designing Good Quality Films
Authors: Sinha Suhani , Dutt Rohit
Published: December 2019

Background::

Soluble films prepared using polymeric matrices have gained prominence in drug delivery because of its multifarious merits. They are emerging as a momentous technology for designing precision medicines using printing technology, wherein the drugs, proteins/peptides and hormones in printing ink solution can be printed on placebo films targeted for specific age group dosage administration. Advances made in 3D printing technology in biomanufacturing for sophisticated tailor-made scaffolds of bone and tissue have further given impetus to digitally-controlled depositing of materials to create freeform geometries in the field of dosage form development.

Objective:

The patent expiry of a significant number of existing chemical entities is an encouraging factor for the possible market potential of these films as a novel drug delivery system through the oral route, topical route and ocular route. Most prominent amongst them is the oral route simply because of its substantial advantages over other pre-existing oral dosage forms.

Method:

Oral soluble films can be tailored for both local action in the buccal cavity as well as for systemic action to other parts of the body by direct absorption into the systemic circulation through the buccal mucosa. Depending upon the material attributes of its polymeric components, they can be targeted for buccal, sublingual, ocular or topical administration and can also be loaded inside hard gelatin capsule shells for administration into the gastrointestinal tract. Polymeric oral film technology has been exploited to address gaps in varied therapeutic segments including pain and inflammation management to provide instant relief, anti-emesis following chemotherapy, central nervous system disorders due to ease of administration to the caregivers and patient compliance, cardiovascular diseases due to faster onset of action, cancer therapy with enhanced safety and efficacy due to direct systemic absorption bypassing the first pass metabolism effect.

Conclusion:

This review summarizes the research works done to address gaps in varied therapeutic areas with an emphasis on critical material attributes of its polymeric components and the critical process parameters to be considered for manufacturing robust good quality medicinal films.
The Evaluation of Valsartan Biopharmaceutics Properties
Authors: de Castro Lara Maria Lopes , de Souza Jacqueline , Caldeira Tamires Guedes , de Carvalho Mapa Bruna , Soares Anna Flávia Matos , Pegorelli Bruna Gomes , Della Croce Carolina Carvalho , Barcellos Neila Márcia Silva
Published: December 2019

Background:

Solubility, intestinal permeability and dissolution are the main factors that
govern the rate and extent of drugs absorption and are directly related to bioavailability. Biopharmaceutics
Classification System (BCS) is an important tool which uses in vitro results for comparison
with bioavailability in vivo (biowaiver). Valsartan is widely used in the treatment of hypertension
and shows different BCS classification in the literature (BCS class II or III).

Objective:

This work proposes the study of valsartan biopharmaceutics properties and its BCS classification.

Methods:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated
to quantify the drug in buffers pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 respectively. Valsartan solubility was determined
in these three different media using shake flask method and intrinsic dissolution rate. Evaluation of
dissolution profile from coated tablets was conducted.

Results:

The low solubility (pH 1.2 and 4.5) and high solubility (pH 6.8) were observed for both
solubility methods. Permeability data reported from the literature showed that valsartan is a low
permeability drug. Valsartan presented the rapid release profile only in pH 6.8.

Conclusion:

We defined that valsartan is a class IV drug, in disagreement with what has been published
so far. It is important to emphasize that the conditions considered here are indicated to define
the biopharmaceutics classification by regulatory agencies.
The high breathlessness, cough, fever treated by antibiotic therapy: Azithromycin – induced oral thrush
Authors: Sivannan Srinivasan , Vishnuvardhan Atukuri , Elumalai Karthikeyan , Babu Mudduluru Niranjan , Srinivasan Sivaneswari , Eluri Kalpana , Elumalai Manogaran
Published: December 2019

The oral thrush happens when a yeast disease creates within the mouth and on the tongue causing rich white knocks on the tongue, inward cheeks, gums, tonsils, marginally dying, torment, trouble gulping, irritability. A 35 years old female patient visited the hospital complaining of breathlessness, cough, fever the patient was treated with azithromycin -500mg PO once daily, co-trimoxazole -160mg+800mg, paracetamol -500mg PO (Per Os: by mouth, orally) t.d.s. (ter die sumendum three times a day) for ten days. After ten days of using azithromycin and co-trimoxazole, she developed severe oral thrush-white bumps, ulcers-involving bleeding, severe itching, difficulty swallowing. She completely left taking solid food because of severe itching and pain and she loses weight. As per our best knowledge, this was the first report, azithromycin and Co-trimoxazole induced oral thrush and it indicates that it should be considered as a possible side effect of azithromycin and Co-trimoxazole.
Soberania à Luz do Fenômeno da Transnacionalidade: uma análise do processo de desterritorialização e da fragilização do estado
Authors: Ribas Marinho Claudia
Published: December 2019

O conceito de Soberania se formou na Modernidade consolidando-se como uma exteriorização do Poder Estatal dentro do seu Território. A complexidade que se apresentou com a Transnacionalidade e o processo de Desterritorialização revelou uma vulnerabilidade da Soberania, e por consequência do Estado, e impôs uma necessidade de repensar sobre as novas configurações do Poder Estatal, e a utilização do território como elemento essência do Estado. Contudo, esse processo não pode afastar e enfraquecer o Estado Socioambiental como responsável por assegurar direitos sociais aos cidadãos, seja através de investimentos e/ou prestação direta, a garantia a um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado.
A responsabilidade civil dos perseguidores virtuais (cyberstalkers)
Authors: Faleiros Júnior José Luiz De Moura , Olhiara Rodrigo
Published: December 2019

A prática denominada cyberstalking surge atrelada a um novo papel dos institutos já delimitados na legislação e que compõem o ordenamento, sendo desdobramento de novas contingências advindas da presença da tecnologia nas inter-relações humanas. O presente trabalho visa apurar se a prática do cyberstalking é capaz de ensejar o dever de indenizar do perseguidor para com sua vítima e, para isso, é indispensável a análise das circunstâncias jurídicas que permeiam esse tipo de conduta. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que, sob as perspectivas constitucional e legal, constata-se, a partir de então, a existência de um direito à tranquilidade para, somente então, apontar a violação desse direito como ato ilícito, passível de caracterizar a responsabilidade civil do perseguidor. A pesquisa utilizará o método de abordagem histórico-sociológico, com análise bibliográfico-doutrinária. Ao final, serão apresentadas as considerações finais, das quais se procurará extrair uma conclusão.
Socioambientalismo: compras públicas como critério para praticar a governança ambiental
Authors: Simon Carla , Curzel Janaine Rodrigues Beckhauser
Published: December 2019

Esta investigação, com base em análise interdisciplinar e multidisciplinar, explora três questões: a primeira é a urgência e necessidade da preservação do meio ambiente diante da crise ambiental causada pelo descuido com elementos essenciais para a manutenção da vida, como a preservação da qualidade da água, do ar e da terra; a segunda diz respeito a uma visão sistêmica da responsabilidade socioambiental do poder público e sua responsividade; e, por fim, a terceira consiste na necessidade de compras com critérios sustentáveis. O artigo tem como objeto principal a análise das compras públicas e o reflexo delas na efetivação da sustentabilidade, bem como o ordenamento normativo e principiológico sobre o tema. A justificativa para a pesquisa é a necessidade de fomentar a adoção do critério da sustentabilidade como decisivo nas atividades desempenhadas por um órgão público. Quanto à metodologia, foi utilizada a base lógica e indutiva.
The Tourism Industry in the Island of Crete, Greece: Is It Carbon-Intensive?
Authors: Vourdoubas John
Published: December 2019

Impacts of the tourism industry on climate change are not negligible as indicated in various studies implemented so far. The eco-effectiveness of this industry can be assessed taking into account its carbon emissions combined with the tourism-generated income. The carbon intensity of the tourism industry in the island of Crete, Greece has been compared with the tourism-related carbon intensity in other tourist territories and countries as well as with the corresponding value of the Greek economy. Existing data in published literature have been used for comparison. Various measures resulting in the decrease of the carbon intensity of the tourism industry in Crete have also been examined. It has been found that the tourism-related carbon intensity in Crete is in the same range of values reported in other tourist territories. However, it is higher than the corresponding value of the whole Greek economy. If however the emissions due to international flights of tourists to Crete are excluded from the estimations, the resulting carbon intensity of this industry is significantly lower compared with its initial estimations. It is also lower than the value of the whole Greek economy as well as the required carbon intensity for achieving global sustainability.
Para leer por placer: textos literarios adaptados al cine mexicano. Estrategia de Mercadotecnia
Authors: Méndez Luis Arturo
Published: December 2019

En este ensayo se presenta una estrategia de mercadotecnia para atraer lectores (por placer, no por obligación) a las bibliotecas de la unam en general, y en particular para la “Guillermo Haro” del Plantel Oriente del cch. La estrategia consiste en señalar los atributos de la colección de 50 textos literarios para tornarlos objeto del deseo de los alumnos: retomamos conceptos fundamentales de mercadotecnia para mejorar su publicidad. La característica sobresaliente de los textos es que todos son base argumental de películas mexicanas, lo cual, metafóricamente hablando, es como leer dos veces un texto; además, han obtenido premios nacionales e internacionales de literatura; algunos han sido traducidos a otros idiomas; otros son considerados como las obras mexicanas más significativas del siglo xx; otros más, han sido censurados y muchas películas cuyo guion se derivó de un texto han obtenido un galardón cinematográfico. También se exaltan los atributos literarios, principalmente el estilo y la estructura narrativa, y se vinculan con los conceptos análogos del marketing.
La librería, entre el relato literario y los rastros históricos rastros, peripecias e inconvenientes para una narración sin conjeturas
Authors: García Encina Edgar Adolfo
Published: December 2019

El presente ensayo ofrece, desde el relato literario y la investigación histórica, un retrato de la situación de las librerías en México desde mediados del siglo xix hasta inicios del siglo xx. La cuestión central se enfoca en rastrear en qué momento se marcaron las diferencias entre un librería de nuevo y otra de usado y de viejo y, al tiempo, cómo estas formas han influido en nuestras concepciones actuales. Si bien se afronta desde la literatura y la historia, también se exponen algunos rasgos semánticos y, a la vez, se diserta sobre la producción libresca en el país desde una mirada filológica.
Formación de competencias en el uso de los recursos electrónicos de información para el personal de la Biblioteca Central del Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N.
Authors: Saldaña González Imelda , Meza Castellanos Graciela , Zurita Gómez Alberto
Published: December 2019

Se presenta la experiencia de preparar e impartir un taller para formar al personal de los Servicios de Información de la Biblioteca Central del Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), en el manejo de los recursos electrónicos disponibles a través de su Biblioteca Digital, con el objetivo de que se generen o refuercen las competencias necesarias que les permita formar a su vez a los usuarios internos en el desarrollo de competencias informacionales para el uso de estos recursos. Los recursos se ubicaron de acuerdo a las áreas científicas y tecnológicas de investigación con las que se trabaja en el Cinvestav, se enfatizó lo que es el trabajo en equipo y el aprendizaje, al final de cada exposición se realizaron ejercicios que sirvieron para evaluar las competencias adquiridas. El taller se evaluó a través de dos cuestionarios, uno para el personal y otro para los expositores.
Replacement Therapy and Its Impact on Quality of Life in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease
Authors: Martínez Gutiérrez Fernando , Roy García Ivonne Analí , Torres Rodríguez José Luis
Published: December 2019

Objective: to assess the quality of life (QoL) score according to the type of renal replacement therapy (rrt) in patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd). Methods: cross-sectional, analytical study. Patients with esrd, on peritoneal dialysis (pd) or hemodialysis (hd), older than 18 years, without disease exacerbation, assigned to the Regional General Hospital No. 1 of Mexico City, were included. The study was carried out from December 2018 to March 2019. QoL was measured with the eq-5D index and the visual analogue scale to obtain a health self-assessment index; clinical and sociodemographic variables were obtained from the medical record and through interrogation. Results: a total of 406 participants, 203 patients on hemodialysis and 203 on pd, were included. A mean eq-5D index score of 0.46 ± 0.18 was found for pd versus 0.29 ± 0.22 for hd (p < 0.001). The self-assessment index showed no difference between both groups. The quality of life indicators that were most affected in patients treated with hd were pain and anxiety or depression. Conclusion: in patients with end-stage renal disease, hd is associated with lower quality of life.
ESTIMACIÓN DE LA TASA DE INTERÉS NEUTRAL, DESEMPLEO E INFLACIÓN EN MÉXICO
Authors: Sánchez Vargas Armando
Published: December 2019

¿Cuáles son los mecanismos de transmisión que determinan a la tasa de interés neutral que sirve de referencia para establecer la postura de política monetaria del Banco Central? Se analiza el papel de la tasa de desocupación y la inflación en la determinación de la tasa de interés neutral. La conclusión es que el Banco de México podría tomar una postura de política monetaria más expansiva sin generar presiones inflacionarias. La tasa de interés se calcula con: 1) la regla de Taylor y un sistema de ecuaciones simultáneas cointegrado y 2) la paridad de tasas de interés. Los resultados sugieren que la tasa de interés neutral cambia a través de dos mecanismos: 1) de manera indirecta cuando se presenta una variación en la tasa de desocupación, lo que genera un cambio en la inflación y, por tanto, un desplazamiento de la tasa neutral, y 2) de manera directa cuando hay una reducción en la brecha del producto interno bruto.

 

ESTIMATION OF THE NEUTRAL INTEREST RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT AND INFLATION IN MEXICO

ABSTRACT
What are the transmission mechanisms determining the neutral rate of interest that serves as a reference to establish the monetary policy stance of the Central Bank? We analyze the role of unemployment and inflation in determining such neutral rate. We conclude that the Banco de México could take a more expansive monetary policy stance without generating inflationary pressures. The rate is calculated using two methods: 1) the Taylor rule and a cointegrated simultaneous equations system and 2) the interest rate parity. Our results suggest that the neutral interest rate changes through two mechanisms: 1) indirectly when there is a variation in the unemployment rate, which generates a change in inflation and, therefore, a shift in the neutral rate and 2) directly when there is a reduction in the Gross Domestic Product gap.
Luís Cardoso: de escravo à grande comerciante da praça do Recife (XVIII)
Authors: Bezerra Janaína Santos
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo consiste em relatar e problematizar a trajetória de vida e ascensão de Luís Cardoso, um pardo, natural de Pernambuco, que viveu a moda da nobreza mesmo tendo passado pela árdua experiência do cativeiro. Aqui temos a pretensão de observar as estratégias usadas por tal indivíduo em sua atuação social, política e econômica. Logo, a intenção proposta não se esgota no indivíduo, mas busca traçar um panorama das hierarquias sociais em Pernambuco, no século XVIII, através de tal trajetória, bem como, de todo um quadro de exclusão dela resultante.
O outro lado da moeda: estimativas e impactos do ouro do Brasil no tráfico transatlântico de escravos (Costa da Mina, c. 1700-1750)
Authors: Marques Leonardo , Lopes Gustavo Acioli
Published: December 2019

Uma ampla historiografia relacionou as descobertas do ouro no Brasil ao aumento na demanda por mão de obra africana forçada, o que, por sua vez, levou a uma intensificação das atividades de negreiros luso-brasileiros na Costa da Mina. Ainda são poucas as pesquisas, no entanto, que consideram o papel do ouro nas trocas diretas por escravos no Golfo de Benim. Com base em dados quantitativos e qualitativos, este artigo oferece uma estimativa do volume de ouro levado do Brasil para a Costa da Mina e avalia a sua importância para a aquisição de escravizados naquela área pelos luso-brasileiros.
Entre a confissão e a sociedade: aspectos sociais de uma freguesia colonial no fim do setecentos – Santa Luzia do Norte - Alagoas
Authors: De Melo Silva Gian Carlo
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar os primeiros dados obtidos através da pesquisa realizada em uma fonte específica, o Rol de Confessos. Tal documentação apresenta dados populacionais angariados anualmente através da Igreja Católica em diversas freguesias, no nosso caso, falamos da freguesia de Santa Luzia do Norte em Alagoas. O espaço geográfico compreendido pela documentação da conta de dois cenários: um rural, ligado aos engenhos e povoações e outro mais urbano relacionado ao núcleo central da freguesia. Inicialmente vamos entender qual a função e a origem desta documentação para posteriormente amealhar informações sobre a sociedade na freguesia, buscando dados sobre contingente populacional, escravidão e outras informações que possam nos mostrar um pouco desse passado colonial em Alagoas.
Introduction - Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Sukdeo Vanisha
Published: December 2019

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