bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabric armour erosion using a buried charge ejecta analog
Authors: Oddy Andrew , Lebar Anton , Aguiar Rafaela , Petel Oren
Published: November 2022

The threat posed by buried explosive charges and their explosive dispersal of environmental debris is associated with a variety of debilitating injuries. The dispersion profile of such threats includes particulate in a broad range of particle length scales, which are more destructive to ballistic fabrics than larger particles alone. Smaller particles are initially dispersed at higher speeds, degrading armour fabrics prior to the arrival of the larger penetrating particulate. In the present work, we present a low-cost industrial abrasion test method to investigate the abrasive wear in neat and polymer-coated ballistic fabrics to determine the level of degradation of the fabrics under the abrasive load. These fabrics were subjected to the impingement of an abrasive jet with average particle velocity of 187 ± 20 m/s. The results showed evidence of significant degradation and failure within the ballistic fabrics, that would certainly influence their subsequent ballistic performance. The addition of polymer coatings was able to reduce the abrasive degradation of the fabrics. The failure modes of the polymer composites are similarly described. This methodology shows promise as a means of armour material screening for this particular threat.
Religious/Spiritual Struggles and Mental Health Among Black Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Meta-synthesis
Authors: Parker Janise S. , Purvis Lee , Williams Breiana
Published: November 2022

We conducted a meta-synthesis to understand how religious/spiritual struggles are linked to Black adolescents’ and emerging adults’ mental health, considering their various socio-demographic identities. To address this research aim, we reviewed and synthesized qualitative data from 19 studies that included the voices of approximately 382 Black adolescents and emerging adults. Data were analyzed using a seven-step meta-ethnography analysis approach. Findings revealed three themes highlighting contributors to Black youths’ negative mental health in relation to their religious/spiritual struggles: (a) Rejected and Unloved, (b) Abandoned and Dismissed, and (c) Doubt, Disengaged, and Reconciliation. Moreover, difficult religious/spiritual experiences were nested within contextual issues associated with typical developmental milestones (i.e., increased sexual activity and religious/spiritual identity development) and participants’ race, gender, sexual orientation, and mental health status (and related trauma). This meta-synthesis provides a foundation for understanding and responding to Black youths’ religious/spiritual struggles when providing culturally responsive and social justice-oriented mental health support.
Literary Braille Instruction: A Review of University Personnel Preparation Programs
Authors: Farrand Kathleen M. , Koehler Karen , Vasquez Ananí
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Braille literacy for students who are visually impaired (i.e., those who are blind or have low vision) can be a critical component for school and postsecondary transition success. This survey study was a modified replication of previous studies that examined the instruction of literary braille in university preparation programs for professionals who work with students with visual impairments. Methods: Nineteen university instructors of literary braille responded to a survey about instructional formats, books, and tools, as well as assessment issues, such as test formats, scoring, and requirements for demonstrating proficiency. Results: Survey responses indicated that some instructional strategies at the university level have remained the same over the last 20 years, but there are also some changes. Most notably, updated books and resources are being used and instructors represent the same demographic group, Caucasian females over 45 years old. But, the level of experience has substantially dropped and there has been a shift to increased online learning. All programs indicated focusing instruction on Unified English Braille (UEB) code. Discussion: Prior concerns about the challenges of teaching UEB have been somewhat satisfied. Proficiency exams are now required by programs, which could contribute to better prepare teachers for students with visual impairments. Implications for Practitioners: The shift to online learning affects practice. The use of braille simulation software might alter the way practitioners think about erasures. In preparing for distance learning, instructors must consider how to make courses accessible, rigorous, and of high quality. Although university braille proficiency exams should continue to be used to evaluate the skills of future professionals, educators might advocate for tests at the state or province level prior to licensure and common standards for minimal competency.
Barriers to Employment of Young Cultural Practitioners With Visual Impairments in the Cultural Industries of Ethiopia
Authors: Yeshanew Yisma Tsige
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Employment in the culture and arts sector has multiple psycho-socioeconomic benefits for people with visual impairments. However, a study in this area is rare in Ethiopia. The current study explored barriers to employment of young cultural practitioners with visual impairments in the cultural industries of Ethiopia. Method: Eight young cultural practitioners who have visual impairments were interviewed and the qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Results: The results indicated that personal, attitudinal, and environmental barriers hinder the meaningful participation of young cultural practitioners with visual impairments in the job market of the cultural industries of Ethiopia. Discussion: Although the study found differences in geographic and sectoral barriers to employment the results of the current study supported previous research findings. Implications: The current study has implications for future research as well as policymakers concerning employment and labor affairs. Besides highlighting the need for an increased understanding of identified barriers to cultural employment, the study revealed that there is also a need for further research on the numerous benefits that employment and participation in culture and arts provide for people with and without impairments at individual, community, and national levels.
The Role of the Otolaryngologist in Early Recognition of Patients With ALS: A Case Report
Authors: Orellana Zambrano M. Daniela , Candelo Estephania , Rutt Amy L.
Published: November 2022

This case report aims to raise awareness of the possibility of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnosis in patients presenting to the Otolaryngology Department. We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman with hoarseness who was evaluated by several physicians and was referred to an ALS specialist only a year after symptom onset. Our case highlights the importance of considering motor neuron etiologies in patients with voice complaints. Early identification and referral to a specialist are critical for accurate diagnosis and prognosis and may be the key to slowing the disease's progression.
Teacher Learning in an Era of High-Stakes Accountability: Productive Tension and Critical Professional Practice
Authors: Stillman Jamy
Published: November 2022

Background/Context

With the installation of No Child Left Behind, teachers, particularly those who serve marginalized students, have increasingly been told what and how to teach. Previous research demonstrates that teachers can act as mediators between policy and practice, even within coercive environments such as those generated by high-stakes accountability systems. Yet we know little about how teachers who have been specially prepared to serve marginalized populations respond to accountability demands within tightly controlled contexts, such as those commonly found in “underperforming” schools.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study

This study draws on social learning and activity theories to examine the specific factors that support equity-minded teachers to navigate accountability-driven language arts reforms, the specific barriers that might hinder teachers from serving marginalized students—particularly English Learners—in an era of accountability, and how particular contextual factors mediate teachers’ responses to accountability pressures.

Setting

The study was conducted in three different “underperforming” schools in California, predominately comprised of Spanish-speaking English Learners.

Population/Participants/Subjects

Three upper-elementary teachers, who earned their bilingual (Spanish/English) teaching credentials and Master's degrees from three different equity-focused teacher preparation programs.

Research Design

The research design is qualitative case study.

Data collection and Analysis

Data collection took place between September 2003 and December 2004 and consisted of teacher interviews, classroom observations, principal interviews, and focus group interviews. Using the constant comparative method, data analysis was ongoing.

Findings/Results

Initial coding identified patterns in teachers’ technical, normative, and political responses to accountability-related pressures in the area of language arts. Further analyses illuminated variations in teachers’ responses and emphasized how contextual factors, especially local leadership, mediated teacher learning and agency in the context of school change. Specifically, when principals provided teachers with opportunities to grapple with reforms they found objectionable and to apply innovations to their classroom practice, a “productive tension” led the teachers towards important professional learning and instructional improvement.

Conclusions/Recommendations

Findings underscore the importance of balanced leadership in an era of high- stakes accountability, particularly as it relates to teacher professionalism, learning, and agency.
Probiotic knowledge of adults with cystic fibrosis is limited but is associated with probiotic use: A cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Anderson Jacqueline L , Tierney Audrey C , Miles Caitlin , Kotsimbos Tom , King Susannah J
Published: November 2022

Background: Probiotics are used by people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other chronic diseases to manage gastrointestinal symptoms. Aim: To describe probiotic knowledge; its relationship with probiotic use, probiotic information sources and factors influencing choice in adults with CF and a general population control group. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in adults with CF (n = 205) and Controls (n = 158). Probiotic knowledge was compared between CF and Controls using a knowledge score (maximum 5) based on predefined criteria: (1a) bacteria/microorganism; (1b) live; (2a) administered; (2b) adequate dose and (3) health benefit, using independent samples t-test. Two-way analysis of variance explored knowledge scores between CF and Control and between Ever User and Never User groups. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests compared knowledge criterion, probiotic sources and influences on probiotic choice between groups. Thematic analysis of open-text responses explored probiotic-related knowledge and influences on probiotic decision making. Results: Knowledge scores (mean ± SD) did not differ between CF (1.70 ± 1.12) and Controls (1.89 ± 0.99), p = 0.13. Probiotic use was associated with knowledge score ( p < 0.001). More CF Ever Users than Never Users correctly identified criteria 1a (65% vs. 38%), 1b (16% vs. 0%), 2a (45% vs. 22%) and 3 (73% vs. 42%) (all p < 0.005). CF participants considered ‘dairy yoghurt’ (69%), ‘live cultures’ (64%) and ‘fermented foods’ (37%) as ‘all/mostly’ probiotic sources. The internet was the commonest source of probiotic-related information. Conclusion: Probiotic knowledge and use were associated in adults with CF. Understanding of probiotic characteristics and sources were limited. Education is needed to help guide patient probiotic decision making.
Continuing professional development in Cambodia: Perspectives of different stakeholders
Authors: Jayasuriya Gina de Alwis , Majid Shaheen
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to gather the views of training providers and library employees on the continuing professional development opportunities available in Cambodia and the associated barriers. In total, 26 semi-structured interviews were conducted – 14 with training providers and 12 with library employees. Four key barriers were identified: the lack of continuing professional development opportunities; the inability to meet real training needs; the challenges associated with attending programmes in other cities, such as travel, accommodation and study leave; and a lack of resource personnel to conduct continuing professional development programmes. Four areas of improvement are suggested: offering regular training programmes; conducting a training needs assessment study; organising a national-level meeting to discuss library staff development issues; and developing a library and information science ecosystem to support the continuing professional development framework. The findings of this study are expected to provide some background information for the development of a continuing professional development plan for the library and information science sector in Cambodia.
A Microhistory of Cross-Class Feminism in New York City, 1907–1911: The Activism of Carola Woerishoffer
Authors: Simon Barbara Levy
Published: November 2022

This microhistory is a study of one woman's efforts in New York City between 1907 and 1911 to join the efforts of three local feminist organizations—Greenwich House, the National Consumers League, and the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL)—that were combining the energies of women from the industrial working class, middle class, and upper class in sustained drives to improve the working conditions and wages of women factory and steam laundry workers. One woman who devoted herself to these three organizational cross-class initiatives was Carola Woerishoffer (1885–1911). Microhistory is a method of studying the past that makes use of remnants of evidence still available about people, organizations, or communities that have been partially or completely forgotten.
Middle School Psychological Distress and Sexual Harassment Victimization as Predictors of Dating Violence Involvement
Authors: Murchison Gabriel R. , Austin S. Bryn , Reisner Sari L. , Chen Jarvis T.
Published: November 2022

Adolescent sexual harassment victimization is increasingly recognized as a strong risk factor for dating violence victimization and perpetration. Research on this association has focused on older adolescents and on sexual harassment at a single time point rather than chronic exposure. Furthermore, potential mechanisms, such as psychological distress, are not well understood. The goals of this study were to identify whether sexual harassment victimization and psychological distress were reciprocally related, whether chronic psychological distress and sexual harassment victimization in early adolescence were associated with higher levels of dating violence involvement measured in mid-adolescence, and whether these relationships differed between boys and girls. We used longitudinal data from 4,718 US middle school students to fit regression models for the associations between sexual harassment victimization and psychological distress. We then used data from a subset of 1,279 students followed up in high school to fit marginal structural models for sixth- to eighth-grade psychological distress and sexual harassment victimization as predictors of dating violence involvement measured in ninth grade. We found that (1) sexual harassment victimization was positively, concurrently associated with psychological distress, with a stronger association among girls than boys; (2) psychological distress was positively, prospectively associated with sexual harassment victimization among girls but not boys; (3) chronic sixth- to eighth-grade psychological distress was not significantly associated with dating violence victimization or perpetration measured in ninth grade; and (4) chronic sixth- to eighth-grade sexual harassment victimization was associated with significantly higher levels of dating violence victimization and perpetration measured in ninth grade. The results support a reciprocal relationship between distress and sexual harassment victimization for early adolescent girls, and they call for further attention to gender differences in the content and impact of sexual harassment. Furthermore, the findings indicate that preventing sexual harassment in early adolescence may be critical in reducing dating violence.
Effects of rifampicin, CYP2B6 and ABCB1 polymorphisms on efavirenz plasma concentration in Chinese patients living with HIV and tuberculosis
Authors: Zhang Li , Meng Xianmin , Dong Ping , Qi Tangkai , Liu Li , Wang Bin
Published: November 2022

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading opportunistic infection of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 ( ABCB1) are involved in the metabolism and transportation of efavirenz. The study was aimed to investigate the effects of rifampicin, CYP2B6 and ABCB1 polymorphisms on efavirenz exposure in Chinese PLWH co-infected with TB.

Method

PLWH were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into HIV group and HIV/TB group. Efavirenz plasma concentration (C0) was determined, dose-adjusted concentration (C0/D) was calculated, and genotypes of CYP2B6 516G>T, 785A>G, and ABCB1 2677G>T, 3435C>T were analyzed.

Results

252 PLWH were enrolled, including 75 co-infected with TB and concomitant with rifampicin. Efavirenz C0 and C0/D were both higher in HIV group (1.94 μg/mL, 0.2007 (μg/ml)/(mg/kg/d)) compared with HIV/TB group (1.52 μg/mL, 0.1557 (μg/ml)/(mg/kg/d)) ( p = .001). Efavirenz C0/D was significantly higher in patients with variant genotypes of CYP2B6 516G>T and 785A>G ( p<.001), and was significantly lower in HIV/TB group compared with HIV group among patients with CYP2B6 516 GG, TT, and 785 AA, AG genotypes ( p < .05).

Conclusion

Efavirenz exposure is reduced by co-administration with rifampicin, and related to genetic polymorphisms of CYP2B6.
CD8 T Cells Target Antigen Cross-Presented by Bone Marrow Derived Cells to Induce Bystander Rejection of Grafts Lacking the Cognate Peptide-MHC
Authors: Al-Adra David P. , Thangavelu Govindarajan , Lin Jiaxin , Chan William F.N. , Ellestad Kristofor K. , Boon Louis , Anderson Colin C.
Published: November 2022

CD8 T cells play a key role in cancer immunotherapy and allograft rejection. However, it is not clear how they kill cells and tissues that do not have the agonist peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on their surface, as in the settings of MHC class I deficient tumors and indirect rejection of MHC-mismatched transplants. CD8 T cells might respond to agonist antigen cross-presented on hematopoietic cells, leading to a “bystander” rejection. Alternatively, they may recognize agonist antigen cross-presented on recipient endothelial cells and kill the tissue’s vital blood supply. The latter mechanism predicts that all non-vascularized grafts, grafts dependent on in-growth of recipient blood vessels, will be susceptible to CD8 T cell mediated indirect rejection. In contrast, we show here that non-vascularized transplants, bearing the same agonist antigen, are not universally susceptible to this rejection pathway. Non-vascularized skin, but not islet or heart tissue transplants were indirectly rejected by CD8 T cells. Furthermore, CD8 T cells were able to indirectly reject skin grafts when recipient MHC class I expression was restricted to bone marrow derived cells but not when it was restricted to radioresistant cells (e.g. endothelial cells). These findings argue against a major role for endothelial cell cross-presentation in killing of tissue that does not present the agonist peptide-MHC class I. Instead, the data suggests that cross-presentation by recipient hematopoietic cells underlies the CD8 T cell mediated killing of tissue that is unable to directly present the target peptide-MHC class I.
Investigating the local socio-spatial integration of the Belval knowledge district into Esch/Alzette: A dissimilarity-based approach
Authors: Birsens Joe , Decoville Antoine
Published: November 2022

The social and spatial integration of knowledge-related urban development projects into their urban environment is seen by policymakers as a necessity to unlock local and regional growth dynamics and regeneration. However, the understanding of socio-spatial integration, and how it can be scientifically analysed and interpreted at a local scale remains somewhat vague when the concept is not approached in its totality and measured by unidimensional indicators. The current article first proposes a holistic and multidimensional analytical framework to measure and analyse the socio-spatial integration of knowledge districts. Then, it focuses on one specific dimension – the structural dissimilarities between territories – and suggests an indicator-based multivariate analysis that is applied to the case of Belval, in Esch/Alzette (Luxembourg). Our findings for the Belval case study show that the structural dissimilarities between knowledge districts and adjacent neighbourhoods are mainly due to the young, international and professional profile of the population this place attracts, while differentials in terms of socio-economic status are much less significant than expected. In other words, the specificity of this knowledge district lies in the educational and migratory backgrounds of its inhabitants, rather than in their economic wealth. Accordingly, we call for a more nuanced debate concerning the urban integration of knowledge districts.
Evaluation of Narrative Skills of Children and Language Inputs of Parents During Shared Book Reading.  A Parent-Mediated Home-Based Intervention Study
Authors: Adinarayanan Divya Shantha Kumari , Nambi Shanthi , Krishnan Raman , Vijayaraghavan Rajagopalan
Published: November 2022

Background:

Shared book reading (SBR) is a crucial activity fostering parent-child interaction and promoting children’s early language and emergent literacy skills. SBR interventions are carried out less in low- and middle-income countries. Hence, there is a need for research in such settings.

Aim:

The present study focuses on providing SBR training to parents and assesses parents’ interactive storybook reading and changes in the child’s narrative development at baseline, postintervention, and follow-up.

Method:

A total of 210 parents and typically developing child dyads participated in this study, 105 in experimental and control groups. The children from the experimental group participated in one-on-one book reading interactions with their parents after receiving training. Parents in the control group were not trained to read with their children. One week after the training sessions and 2 months later, children and parents were tested to determine whether the training led to beneficial effects.

Result:

The data were analyzed by x2 test, Kruskal Wallis 1-way ANOVA on ranks with Student Newman Keuls multiple comparison test (post-hoc test), and 3-way ANOVA with a post-hoc multiple comparison test. During 2 postintervention sessions, parents and children assigned to the intervention group significantly increased the targeted interactive shared reading skills. This result indicates that the intervention successfully changed parent SBR behaviors ( P < .001), resulting in improved child’s narrative skills ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The current findings can aid in the creation of intervention programs to support parents’ SBR skills and promote children’s overall development.
Book review: Ramnath Reghunadhan, 2022. Cyber Technological Paradigms and Threat Landscape in India
Authors: Bhangoo Har Sandeep Kaur
Published: November 2022

Ramnath Reghunadhan, 2022. Cyber Technological Paradigms and Threat Landscape in India. Palgrave Macmillan, 134 pp., £39.99 (Hardcover). ISBN: 978-981-16-9127-0
Histiocytic sarcoma with central nervous system involvement in 6 cats
Authors: Riker Jesse , Clarke Lorelei L. , Demeter Elena A. , Miller Andrew D. , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Miller Doris M. , Rissi Daniel R.
Published: November 2022

Here we characterize 6 cases (4 autopsies and 2 biopsies) of histiocytic sarcoma in the CNS of cats. All affected cats had chronic, progressive clinical signs. Three autopsied cats were euthanized because of a poor prognosis, and one died. The clinical outcome for the biopsy cases remains unknown. Tumors occurred in the brain (4 cases), spinal cord (1 case), and brain and spinal cord (1 case). Neoplasms were restricted to the CNS in 3 cases. Reported gross changes in the 4 autopsy cases consisted of neuroparenchymal swelling with or without tissue pallor or gray discoloration (2 cases) and a yellow or dark-gray mass (2 cases). Histologically, pleomorphic, round-to-elongate neoplastic cells with typical histiocytic morphology effaced the neuroparenchyma and leptomeninges. Multinucleate neoplastic cells were observed in all cases. The mitotic count was 1–24 in 2.37 mm2 (10 FN22 40× fields). Neoplastic cells in all cases had positive immunolabeling for Iba1; immunolabeling was negative for E-cadherin, CD3, CD79, and MUM1, confirming their histiocytic origin.
Clinical Outcomes of Oral Zinc Therapy in Hepatic Encephalopathy Treatment
Authors: Fritz Megan Kunka , Mangino Anthony A. , Hunt Taylor V. , Pitcock C. Tyler , Dugan Adam J. , Karri Kishore , Yarra Pradeep
Published: November 2022

Background:

Additional therapies for hepatic encephalopathy (HE) treatment are warranted. There are data evaluating the use of zinc for HE; however, clinical outcomes, specifically in the United States, are unknown.

Objective:

To compare 30-day and 1-year all-cause readmission rates in patients with cirrhosis complicated by HE on lactulose and rifaximin to those on lactulose, rifaximin, and zinc.

Methods:

This retrospective study included patients admitted with documented cirrhosis and home medications of lactulose and rifaximin, with or without zinc. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: those receiving lactulose and rifaximin for HE (control) and those receiving lactulose, rifaximin, and zinc for HE (treatment). The primary outcomes were 30-day and 1-year all-cause readmission rates.

Results:

One-hundred fifty-seven patients were included (102 in control group, 55 in treatment group). Regarding 30-day and 1-year all-cause readmission rates, there was no difference between the control and treatment groups.

Conclusion and Relevance:

This is the first study conducted in the United States evaluating zinc for HE treatment. Zinc did not impact 30-day or 1-year all-cause readmission rates. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the potential benefit of zinc for HE, possibly in correlation with Model for End-stage Liver Disease-Sodium (MELD-Na) scores.
A Systematic Review of Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions to Improve Management of Bacteriuria in Hospitalized Adults
Authors: Humphrey Mari , MacDonald Gemma , Neville Heather , Helwig Melissa , Ramsey Tasha , MacKinnon Holly , Sketris Ingrid , Johnston Lynn , Black Emily K.
Published: November 2022

Objective:

To determine whether implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions improve management of bacteriuria in hospitalized adults.

Data Sources:

EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Clinical Trials Registries via Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception through May 2021. Reference lists of included studies were searched, and Scopus was used to retrieve articles that cited included references.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Randomized and nonrandomized trials, controlled before-after studies, interrupted time-series studies, and repeated measures studies evaluating AMS interventions for hospitalized adult inpatients with bacteriuria were included. Risk of bias was assessed independently by 3 team members and compared. Results were summarized descriptively.

Data Synthesis:

The search yielded 5509 articles, of which 13 met inclusion criteria. Most common interventions included education (N = 8) and audit and feedback (N = 5) alone or in combination with other interventions. Where assessed, resource and antimicrobial use primarily decreased and appropriateness of antimicrobial use improved; however, impact on guideline adherence was variable. All studies were rated as having unclear or serious risk of bias. This review summarizes and assesses the quality of evidence for AMS interventions to improve the management of bacteriuria. Results provide guidance to both AMS teams and researchers aiming to develop and/or evaluate AMS interventions for management of bacteriuria.

Conclusions:

This review demonstrated benefit of AMS interventions on management of bacteriuria. However, most studies had some risk of bias, and an overall effect across studies is unclear due to heterogeneity in outcome measures.
Promoting Compassionate Responses to Disclosures of Sexual Violence in University Settings: Exploring the Impact of a Social Marketing Campaign
Authors: Irvine-Collins Emma , Moore Emma , Cao Kailun , Curley Melissa , Ablaza Christine , Heard Emma
Published: November 2022

This study explores a social marketing campaign aimed to promote compassionate responses to disclosures of sexual violence from peers and raise awareness of university-based formal support services. Findings from a survey ( n  =  189) and follow-up focus groups ( n  =  11) conducted with university students in Australia indicated that exposure to the campaign may support students’ self-perceived confidence in responding compassionately to disclosures of sexual violence and raise awareness of university-based formal support services. These findings suggest social marketing may be a useful tool to form part of universities’ sexual violence response and prevention strategies. These findings may help inform future university campaigns.
Screening for Adulthood ADHD and Comorbidities in a Tertiary Mental Health Center Using EarlyDetect: A Machine Learning-Based Pilot Study
Authors: Liu Yang S. , Cao Bo , Chokka Pratap R.
Published: November 2022

Screening for adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and differentiating ADHD from comorbid mental health disorders remains to be clinically challenging. A screening tool for ADHD and comorbid mental health disorders is essential, as most adult ADHD is comorbid with several mental health disorders. The current pilot study enrolled 955 consecutive patients attending a tertiary mental health center in Canada and who completed EarlyDetect assessment, with 45.2% of patients diagnosed with ADHD. The best ADHD classification model using composite scoring achieved a balanced accuracy of 0.788, showing a 2.1% increase compared to standalone ADHD screening, detecting four more patients with ADHD per 100 patients. The classification model including ADHD with comorbidity was also successful (balanced accuracy = 0.712). The results suggest the novel screening method can improve ADHD detection accuracy and inform the risk of ADHD with comorbidity, and may further inform specific comorbidity including MDD and BD.
The Exonerating “Guise of Brotherhood”: Intra-fraternal Sexual Violence Survivors’ Accounts of Illegibility and Impunity
Authors: Fishman David , Nielsen Laura Beth , Esthappan Sino
Published: November 2022

Greek life in American colleges and universities is characterized by white hetero-masculine dominance. A large scholarship has documented Greek life’s association with women’s sexual violence, yet much less is known about how men—who are ostensibly privileged in these settings—experience sexual harassment and assault. Using 15 interviews with fraternity members attending an elite, midwestern university, we examine men’s experiences of intra-fraternal sexual violence. We describe fraternity members creating and deploying a white hetero-masculine discourse of “brotherhood” that institutionalizes intra-fraternal sexual violence, makes it illegible, and gives its perpetrators impunity. We also show how the brotherhood discourse differentially deploys resources and power to fraternity brothers based on their intersectional location and relationship to intra-fraternal sexual violence. Future applications of the brotherhood discourse in fraternities and other institutional contexts can help us better understand how such organizations reinscribe intersectional power hierarchies.
A Comparison of Fidelity Implementation Frameworks Used in the Field of Early Intervention
Authors: Lemire Colombe , Rousseau Michel , Dionne Carmen
Published: November 2022

Implementation fidelity is the degree of compliance with which the core elements of program or intervention practices are used as intended. The scientific literature reveals gaps in defining and assessing implementation fidelity in early intervention: lack of common definitions and conceptual framework as well as their lack of application. Through a critical review of the scientific literature, this article aims to identify information that can be used to develop a common language and guidelines for assessing implementation fidelity. An analysis of 46 theoretical and empirical papers about early intervention implementation, published between 1998 and 2018, identified four conceptual frameworks, in addition to that of Dane and Schneider. Following analysis of the conceptual frameworks, a four-component conceptualization of implementation fidelity (adherence, dosage, quality and participant responsiveness) is proposed.
Caruncular lesions: A 16-year single centre review in the United Kingdom
Authors: Yvon Camille , Balamurugan Thiagarajah , Bianchi Eleonora , Lee Han Bin , Mclean Christopher
Published: November 2022

Background/Aims

To review the clinicopathological features of caruncle biopsies carried out at a district general hospital in the United Kingdom (UK), and compare with other centres where data has been published.

Methods

Retrospective, single-centre, observational case series between 2004–2020.

Results

A total of 31 lesions from 31 patients were analysed. 18 of 31 patients were men (58%), and the age ranged from 12 to 91 years. 13 different histopathological types of lesions were identified in our case series, including 9 melanocytic nevi (29%), 7 benign squamous papillomas (23%), 5 skin adnexal lesions (16%), 3 chronic inflammation (10%), 3 epithelial cysts (10%), 1 basal cell carcinoma (3%), 2 malignant melanomas (6%) and l lymphoproliferative disorder (3%). Pre-operative suspected diagnoses were often vague but correct in 12 of 18 cases (67%), where data was available.

Conclusion

The uncommon nature and variety of caruncular lesions make the diagnostic process difficult. Our case series is the first reported in the UK, showing a slightly higher proportion of malignant melanomas, in keeping with the population demographics. Excisional biopsies would, therefore, be prudent in the majority of cases to rule out any possible malignancy.
Emancipating early childhood literacy curricula: Pro-Black teaching in K-3 classrooms
Authors: Braden Eliza , Boutte Gloria , Wynter-Hoyte Kamania , Long Susi , Aitken Catharine , Collins Saudah , Frazier Jennipher , Gamble Edith , Hall Lindsay , Hodge Stephanie , McDonald Caitlyn , Merritt Ashanda , Mosso-Taylor Sabina , Samuel Kyanna , Stout Christina , Tafel Jennifer , Warren Takenya , Witherspoon Jacqui
Published: November 2022

The legacy of colonization includes stereotypes and misinformation about African and African descendant people as well as a void in an understanding the vast contributions of precolonial Africa to the world’s knowledge impacting knowledge, languages, music, art, and sciences that we take for granted today. This misinformation remains pervasive throughout society perpetuated in schools by ensuring that curriculum is dominated by whiteness and lacks attention to the histories, heritages, communities, and languages of Black people. Pro-Black practices in response to centuries-old curricular voids and misinformation about Africa, the African Diaspora, and African descendant people can lead to an emancipatory education for all students. In our work, we draw on tenets of culturally relevant pedagogy and descriptions of Pro-Black pedagogy to describe the work of 13 early childhood educators who are committed to using their knowledge from ongoing professional development at one school in the southeastern United States. The work represented in this article reflects data collected over four years and analyzed in answer to the question: What are Pro-Black highlights of teaching in one school which sought to develop and normalize culturally relevant teaching including challenges to the work and efforts to negotiate those challenges? Data (e.g. student work, lesson plans, PD session PowerPoints, participants’ responses to a questionnaire, informal commentaries throughout the PD process, and classroom observations) were collected and reviewed to develop this article. Recommendations are made for educators and scholars.
Parenting in the time of COVID-19: Insights and lessons from parents of international school children
Authors: Doll Kathleen , Calnin Gerard , Ragan Moira , Mason Sarah , House Kevin
Published: November 2022

The closure of school buildings due to COVID-19 and the resulting rapid transition to online education dramatically altered the lives of educators, students and parents. While previous literature demonstrates the vital role of parents in effective online education (Hattie, 2020; Liu et al, 2010), pre-pandemic literature focuses on parents and students who have opted in to online education. As such, the outbreak of COVID-19 has presented new challenges for understanding the relationship between parents and their child/ren's online learning. Since the start of the pandemic, studies have emerged exploring parental experience adjusting to their child/ren's online remote learning (Bhamani et al, 2020; Brom et al, 2020; Dong et al, 2020; Garbe et al, 2020; Lee et al, 2021). However, less is known about the online learning experiences during COVID-19 of families with children enrolled within international schools. Accordingly, the present study draws upon insights from 44 parents of children attending international schools who took part in 22 focus groups, across three countries and in three languages. The study investigates the parental experience with online education and unpacks four themes that emerged from the data: challenges faced by parents, parental perception of their child/ren’s wellbeing, impressions of the learning quality and parental suggestions for consideration by school leadership. With these findings, school leaders have a unique opportunity to leverage lessons learned and support parental growth so that families, educators and students may all contribute to the promise of a brighter educational future.
Characterization of electrospun fibers and electrospray vancomycin-containing beads through the interstitial or lamellar separation of bead composite fiber membranes to evaluate their biomedical application in vitro
Authors: Liu Shih-Ming , Chen Wen-Cheng , Huang Ssu-Meng , Chen Jian-Chih , Lin Chih-Lung
Published: November 2022

Considering the advantages of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-fibers and antibiotic (vancomycin)-containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-microbeads for wound dressings, a composite membrane was developed. Electrospun-aligned TPU-fibers were collected using a high-speed drum collector. Three groups of TPU-only, double-sided PVA-microbeads composite TPU-fibers (PVA/TPU/PVA sandwich, DSV40), and simultaneous electrospray PVA-microbeads/electrospun TPU-fibers (interstitial PVA-microbeads, CV40) composite membranes were prepared and characterized. The composites were tested for morphology, infrared spectroscopy, and tensile tests along the fiber-parallel (MD) and fiber-perpendicular (CD) directions, water wettability and absorption, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility. The results showed that the tensile strength, modulus, and strain of TPU-only in MD and CD directions were 7.31 ± 1.13 and 2.47 ± 0.43 MPa, 2.73 ± 0.36 and 0.69 ± 0.07 MPa and 285.02 ± 23.56 and 360.70 ± 34.01%, respectively. Moreover, MD-direction tensile properties of DSV40 and CV40 resulted in a significant increase in strength (9.05 ± 2.19 and 9.77 ± 1.51 MPa) and modulus (10.97 ± 1.65 and 5.47 ± 0.94 MPa), but a decrease in strain (92.42 ± 11.68 and 185.78 ± 24.85%), compared to TPU-only. However, DSV40 and CV40 showed opposite trends (respective strength of 0.99 ± 0.07 and 2.11 ± 0.33 MPa, modulus of 0.21 ± 0.01 and 0.48 ± 0.51 MPa, and strain of 460.69 ± 29.38 and 435.92 ± 29.26%) in the CD direction compared to TPU-only. In terms of wettability after 10 s observation, DSV40 obtained a hydrophilic tendency (25.91°) than CV40 (74.22°) and TPU-only (121.06°). The results of antibacterial activity showed that both DSV40 and CV40 had good antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus but the inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli was poor. The biocompatibility test confirmed that neither DSV40 nor CV40 negatively affected L929 cell viability.
Quantitative magnetic resonance angiography as an alternative imaging technique in the assessment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Shah Kevin A , White Timothy G , Teron Ina , Turpin Justin , Dehdashti Amir R , Temes Richard E , Black Karen , Woo Henry H
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The major mechanism of morbidity of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is considered to be severe vasospasm. Quantitative MRA (QMRA) provides direct measurements of vessel-specific volumetric blood flow and may permit a clinically relevant assessment of the risk of ischemia secondary to cerebral vasospasm.

Purpose

To evaluate the utility of QMRA as an alternative imaging technique for the assessment of cerebral vasospasm after SAH.

Methods

QMRA volumetric flow rates of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) were compared with vessel diameters on catheter-based angiography. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of QMRA for detecting cerebral vasospasm was determined by receiver-operating characteristic curves. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for QMRA flow versus angiographic vessel diameter.

Results

Sixty-six vessels (10 patients) were evaluated with QMRA and catheter-based angiography. The median percent QMRA flow of all vessels with angiographic vasospasm (55.0%, IQR 34.3–71.6%) was significantly lower than the median percent QMRA flow of vessels without vasospasm (91.4%, IQR 81.4–100.4%) (p < 0.001). Angiographic vasospasm reduced QMRA-assessed flow by 23 ± 5 (p = 0.018), 95 ± 12 (p = 0.042), and 16 ± 4 mL/min (p = 0.153) in the ACA, MCA, and PCA, respectively, compared to vessels without angiographic vasospasm. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of QMRA for the discrimination of cerebral vasospasm was 84%, 72%, 84%, and 72%, respectively, for angiographic vasospasm >25% and 91%, 60%, 87%, and 69%, respectively, for angiographic vasospasm >50%. The Spearman correlation indicated a significant association between QMRA flows and vessel diameters ( rs = 0.71, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Reduction in QMRA flow correlates with angiographic vessel narrowing and may be useful as a non-invasive imaging modality for the detection of cerebral vasospasm after SAH.
Technical video: Onyx-18 embolization of spinal epidural arteriovenous Fistula using the scepter-Mini balloon catheter
Authors: Amuluru Krishna , Denardo Andrew , Scott John , Payner Troy , Kulwin Charles , Sahlein Daniel H
Published: November 2022

Spinal arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) account for approximately 70% of all vascular spinal malformations and commonly develop in the lateral epidural space at the epidural /radicular venous junction. The fistula is located close to the spinal nerve root where a radiculomeningeal artery shunts to a radicular vein. Increased venous pressure leads to decreased spinal venous drainage and venous congestion causing progressive myelopathy, bowel/bladder incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Treatment consists of surgical occlusion of the intradural vein, or endovascular embolization, which has a reported success rate of 25%−75%. 1 Endovascular failure can occur with inadequate embolic penetration of the nidus and the proximal segment of the draining vein, or premature reflux of the liquid embolic agent.

The use of a dual-lumen balloon microcatheter offers advantage in these cases given the ability to push liquid embolysate more distally during balloon inflation. The Scepter Mini is a new dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO)-compatible dual-lumen balloon microcatheter with a distal-tip outer diameter of 1.6 Fr and a nominal balloon diameter of 2.2 mm, facilitating atraumatic navigation and safer balloon inflation. Limited neurointerventional experience using the Scepter Mini in predominantly cerebrovascular cases has reported favorable navigability and flow arrest 2 , 3 Although Onyx is rarely used for spinal AVF embolization, success has been reported considering the well-known favorable experience in cerebral cases. 1 , 4 , 5

We present one of the first cases of Onyx embolization of a spinal dural AVF through a Scepter Mini in a patient with progressively worsening lower extremity sensorimotor dysfunction. Operators should be aware of radiculomedullary arteries arising at the same level or at adjacent levels to avoid unintentional Onyx migration during balloon inflation.
Cesarean delivery on maternal request in Israel: Maternity department policies and obstetricians’ perspectives
Authors: Hirsh-Yechezkel Galit , Glasser Saralee , Farhi Adel , Levitan Gila , Shachar Yael , Zaslavsky-Paltiel Inna , Boyko Valentina , Ezra Yossef , Lerner-Geva Liat
Published: November 2022

Objective:

This study aimed to describe Israeli maternity departments’ policies regarding cesarean delivery on maternal request, and factors associated with obstetricians’ support for cesarean delivery on maternal request in specific scenarios.

Methods:

This multicenter cross-sectional study included 22 maternity department directors and 222 obstetricians from the majority of Israeli hospitals. Directors were interviewed and completed a questionnaire about their department’s cesarean delivery on maternal request policy, and obstetricians responded to a survey presenting case scenarios in which women requested cesarean delivery on maternal request. The scenarios represented profiles referring to the following factors: maternal age, poor obstetric history, pregnancy complications, and psychological problems. The survey also included the obstetricians’ socio-demographic information and questions about other issues associated with cesarean delivery on maternal request. The main outcome measures were department policies regarding cesarean delivery on maternal request and obstetricians’ support for cesarean delivery on maternal request in specific cases.

Results:

Policies were divided between allowing and prohibiting cesarean delivery on maternal request (n = 10 and 12, respectively), and varied regarding issues such as informed consent and pre-surgery consultation. Most of the obstetricians (96.5%) did not support cesarean delivery on maternal request in the “reference scenario” describing a young woman with no obstetric complications. Additional factors increased the rate of support. Support was greater among obstetricians aged > 45 (odds ratio = 2.11; 95% confidence intervals 1.33–3.36) and lower among females (odds ratio = 0.58; 95% confidence intervals 0.39–0.86). Obstetricians whose department policy was less likely to allow cesarean delivery on maternal request reported lower rates of support for cesarean delivery on maternal request in most cases.

Conclusion:

Policies and obstetricians’ support for cesarean delivery on maternal request vary broadly depending on clinical profiles and physician characteristics. Department policy has an impact on obstetricians’ support for cesarean delivery on maternal request. Health policy will benefit from a framework in which the organizations, physicians, and patients are consulted.