bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of natural product 3, 5-diiodotyrosine as APOBEC3B inhibitor to prevent somatic mutation accumulation and cancer progression
Authors: Chen Chunxia , Sui Xinghua , Ning Haoming , Sun Yixuan , Du Jiangfeng , Chen Xiaotong , Zhou Xiuman , Chen Guanyu , Shen Wenhui , Pang Liwei , Zhou Xiaowen , Shi Ranran , Li Wanqiong , Wang Hongfei , Zhao Wenshan , Zhai Wenjie , Qi Yuanming , Wu Yahong , Gao Yanfeng
Published: November 2022

Background

The development of cancer is largely dependent on the accumulation of somatic mutations, indicating the potential to develop cancer chemoprevention agents targeting mutation drivers. However, ideal cancer chemoprevention agents that can effectively inhibit the mutation drivers have not been identified yet.

Methods

The somatic mutation signatures and expression analyses of APOBEC3B were performed in patient with pan-cancer. The computer-aided screening and skeleton-based searching were performed to identify natural products that can inhibit the activity of APOBEC3B. 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO)-induced spontaneous esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced spontaneous colon cancer mouse models were conducted to investigate the influences of APOBEC3B inhibitor on the prevention of somatic mutation accumulation and cancer progression.

Results

Here, we discovered that the cytidine deaminase APOBEC3B correlated somatic mutations were widely observed in a variety of cancers, and its overexpression indicated poor survival. SMC247 (3, 5-diiodotyrosine), as a source of kelp iodine without side effects, could strongly bind APOBEC3B (KD=65 nM) and effectively inhibit its deaminase activity (IC50=1.69 µM). Interestingly, 3, 5-diiodotyrosine could significantly reduce the clusters of mutations, prevent the precancerous lesion progression, and prolong the survival in 4-NQO-induced spontaneous ESCC and AOM/DSS-induced spontaneous colon cancer mouse models. Furthermore, 3, 5-diiodotyrosine could reduce colitis, increase the proportion and function of T lymphocytes via IL-15 in tumor microenvironment. The synergistic cancer prevention effects were observed when 3, 5-diiodotyrosine combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.

Conclusions

This is the first prove-of-concept study to elucidate that the natural product 3, 5-diiodotyrosine could prevent somatic mutation accumulation and cancer progression through inhibiting the enzymatic activity of APOBEC3B. In addition, 3, 5-diiodotyrosine could reduce the colitis and increase the infiltration and function of T lymphocytes via IL-15 in tumor microenvironment. 3, 5-diiodotyrosine combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade could elicit synergistic cancer prevention effects, indicating a novel strategy for both prevent the somatic mutation accumulation and the immune-suppressive microenvironment exacerbation.
Pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine in paediatric lupus: data from a novel, direct-to-family clinical trial
Authors: Balevic Stephen J , Randell Rachel , Weiner Daniel , Beard Claire , Schanberg Laura Eve , Hornik Christoph P , Cohen-Wolkowiez Michael , Gonzalez Daniel
Published: November 2022

Objective

Determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) and exposure–response of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and desethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ) in paediatric SLE (pSLE).

Methods

We conducted an exploratory phase 2, direct-to-family trial. Children enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry with a diagnosis of pSLE were eligible if they were receiving HCQ as standard of care for ≥3 months. Biological samples were collected at up to four visits over a 6-month period. At each visit, plasma was obtained to measure the concentrations of HCQ and DHCQ, as well as cytokines. HCQ and DHCQ plasma PK data were analysed using a population PK modelling approach.

Results

Twenty-five subjects provided a total of 88 plasma concentrations for PK analysis. There was a poor linear fit between HCQ concentrations and total body weight (R2=0.03). There was a decline in both interferon (IFN)-alpha and IFN-gamma with higher concentrations of HCQ and DHCQ. Volume of distribution for HCQ in plasma was higher in children compared with published values in adults (73 000 L vs 44 000 L), but clearance values in children were similar to adults.

Conclusions

We report the first population PK model for HCQ and DHCQ in children using data from a novel direct-to-family clinical trial. We observed high interindividual variability in HCQ PK and found that weight-based dosing for HCQ is poorly correlated with drug concentrations, suggesting the need to use therapeutic drug monitoring to individualise dosing. Furthermore, our results suggest that the current weight-based dosing paradigm for HCQ may result in suboptimal drug exposures, particularly for children with obesity. Accordingly, additional studies of HCQ are needed in pSLE to determine the optimal drug concentration and dosing to reduce disease activity and improve outcomes.

Trial registration number

NCT04358302.
Automated infrastructures
Authors: Sherrill John T. , Salvo Michael J.
Published: November 2022

As artificial intelligence (AI) automates technical and dialogic processes, technical communicators produce value through articulating complex problems, facilitating new forms of participation, and managing user-generated content via experience architecture. Automated and intelligent agents are least able to grasp the context of experiences, requiring human input/feedback for maximum performance. The examples we trace both prepare communities to embrace AI as part of the available information infrastructure and create an automated infrastructure of intelligent augmented action. Following Star's anthropological investigation of infrastructure, we analyze organizational examples where rhetoric entangles AI, automation, generative design, additive manufacturing, gift labor, and assembly lines.
Writing infrastructure with the fabric of digital life platform
Authors: Davis Katlynne , Stambler Danielle Mollie , Campbell Jessica Lynn , Hocutt Daniel L. , Duin Ann Hill , Pedersen Isabel
Published: November 2022

Teaching writing involves helping students develop as critical communicators who use writing to question often-unseen systems of power enabled by infrastructures, including digital spaces and technologies. This article uses Walton, Moore, and Jones' (2019) 3Ps Framework---positionality, privilege, and power---to explore how, through assignments we developed incorporating the Fabric of Digital Life digital archive, instructors can make visible to students the invisible layers of infrastructure. Using the 3Ps framework, we illustrate how our pedagogical approach encourages students to use writing to interrogate digital infrastructure and the ways it is entangled with positionality, privilege, and power.
Using technology to improve communication in panels
Authors: Grudin Jonathan
Published: November 2022

The
Interactions
website (interactions.acm.org) hosts a stable of bloggers who share insights and observations on HCI, often challenging current practices. Each issue we'll publish selected posts from some of the leading and emerging voices in the field.
Novel Structure, Electric and Dielectric Properties of PPy-PANI-GO-MWCNTs Composite/MnO2/Fe3O4/n-Si Structure
Authors: Ashery A. , Maged Fatma Abdel
Published: November 2022

Conducting polymer -nanocomposite has potential application in optoelectronic devices. This paper presents a novel composite consisting of polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI), graphene oxide (GO), and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs), this composite was deposited on MnO2/Fe3O4/n-Si structure. The obtained structure is PPy-PANI-GO-MWCNTs composite/MnO2/Fe3O4/n-Si. This structure is investigated by scanning electron microscope SEM, X-ray diffraction XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. PPy-PANI-GO-MWCNTs composite/MnO2/Fe3O4/n-Si structure is used in manufacturing electronic devices like diodes, which have tunneling behavior at low voltage. The dielectric permittivities,ac electrical conductivity and Capacitance-Conductance-frequency measurement recorded in a varied frequency (100 Hz–20 MHz ) and Voltage (3 v up to-3v) at different temperature (253 k–363 k). The growth in dc conductivithy caused by the rise in temperature from 233 k to 363 k (from 5* 10−6 to 9*10−6 S cm−1 ). the dominant role of interfacial polarisation in dielectric spectra at low frequencies are discussed.
Characterization and Analysis of Intelligent Eco-Friendly Coating for Porcelain Insulator Flash-Over Protection
Authors: Indirajith K. , Jaya N. , Kumar C. Naveen , Kanimozhi R.
Published: November 2022

Among all the astonishing equipment found in power transmission and distribution networks, the insulator plays a vital role by providing mechanical support and electrical protection to power system. Despite all these noteworthy facts, the breakdown of insulators owing to surface contaminants appears to be particularly fascinating in today’s scientific world. Researchers provide a plethora of methods to eradicate this problem. Amidst the methods, superhydrophobic coating for insulators which is one of the widely used method, provide better solution as it offers resistance to moisture, wetness, dust and ice. This unique property of superhydrophobic coated insulators require further investigation. Hence to achieve this purpose, preparation of eco-friendly superhydrophobic solution of PDMS (Poly di methyl siloxane) with MTMS (Methyl tri methoxy silane) composites was made and analysed. In this study superhydrophobic coatings were prepared by using sol-gel method and spray coating technique. Authors performed characterization studies by using goniometer to measure the contact angle (CA) for superhydrophobic coating on insulator surface and it was found to be from 165° to 170° and sliding angle was from 5° to 10° confirming superhydrophobic property. Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis validates the chemical composite of the coatings. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was used to observe the surface morphology of coating with estimated thickness L = 2 μm.Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted to study about thermal withstanding limit of the coating above 600 °C. Finally, in an intentional contaminated conditions based on solid layer method of IEC60507 standards and IEC 60587 standards insulation resistances were tested using a megger instrument and self-cleaning ability of coating was also determined in this research.
Threshold Ion Energies and Cleaning of Etch Residues During Inductively Coupled Etching of NiO/Ga2O3 in BCl3
Authors: Chiang Chao-Ching , Xia Xinyi , Li Jian-Sian , Ren Fan , Pearton S. J.
Published: November 2022

BCl3 is an attractive plasma etchant for oxides because it is a Lewis acid used to scavenge native oxides on many semiconductors due to the strong B–O bonding. We investigated BCl3-based dry etching of the NiO/Ga2O3 heterojunction system. BCl3/Ar Inductively Coupled Plasmas produced maximum etch rates for NiO up to 300 Å.min−1 and 800 Å.min−1 for β-Ga2O3 under moderate plasma power conditions suitable for low damage pattern transfer. The selectivity for NiO: Ga2O3 was <1 under all conditions. The ion energy threshold for initiation of etching of NiO was between 35–60 eV, depending on the condition and the etch mechanism was ion-driven, as determined by the linear dependence of etch rate on the square root of ion energy incident on the surface. By sharp contrast, the etching of Ga2O3 had a stronger chemical component, without a well-defined ion energy threshold. The as-etched NiO and Ga2O3 surfaces show chlorine residues, which can be removed on both materials by the standard 1NH4OH: 10H2O or 1HCl: 10H2O rinses used for native oxide removal. According to the location of the Cl 2p3/2 peak, the Cl is ionically bonded.
Mechanisms that underlie blood flow regulation at rest and during exercise
Authors: Dulaney Cody S. , Heidorn C. Eric , Singer Tyler J. , McDaniel John
Published: November 2022

Blood flow regulation during exercise is a complicated process that involves many overlapping mechanisms. This laboratory will help students better understand how the body regulates blood flow to the active muscles using three separate protocols: 1) reactive hyperemia, 2) small muscle mass exercise, and 3) large muscle mass exercise.
Rock Crushing Analysis of TBM Disc Cutter Assisted by Ultra-High-Frequency Loading
Authors: Zhao Dajun , Han Junpeng , Zhou Yu , Lv Xiaoshu , Zhang Shulei , Gao Ke , Zhao Yan
Published: November 2022

In the construction of mountain tunnels, the increasing proportion of hard rock stratum enhances the difficulty of rock breaking by tunnel boring machine (TBM). As a type of cyclic load with ultrahigh frequency, ultrasonic vibration has the advantages of energy concentration and strong penetration. In the process of rolling and extrusion, the weakening of the rock by ultrahigh-frequency loading can improve the rock crushing efficiency of the TBM disc cutter. In this study, we established a physical model of rock cutting using a disc cutter assisted by ultrasonic vibration and obtained a motion equation. The discrete element software particle flow code (PFC) was selected to construct a heterogeneous granite model to demonstrate the mechanism and development of cracks inside the hard rock under a rolling disc cutter assisted by ultrasonic vibration. The results demonstrate that ultrasonic vibration helps the disc cutter construct a stronger stress field in the shallow layer, which promotes tensile damage of the surface rock. Vibration promotes the development of cracks inside the rock and accelerates the penetration of transverse cracks, which is conducive to the stripping of rock fragments. The addition of ultrahigh-frequency loading also reduces the fluctuation increase of cracks, which makes the operation state of the disc cutter more stable and avoids abnormal damage to tools.
Characteristic Genes and Immune Infiltration Analysis for Acute Rejection after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Lu Zechao , Tang Fucai , Li Zhibiao , Xie Zhixin , Zheng Hanxiong , Zhang Jishen , Gao Yanchun , Lu Zechu , Cai Yueqiao , Lai Yongchang , He Zhaohui
Published: November 2022

Background. Renal transplantation can significantly improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease, but the probability of acute rejection (AR) in adult renal transplant recipients is still approximately 12.2%. Machine learning (ML) is superior to traditional statistical methods in various clinical scenarios. However, the current AR model is constructed only through simple difference analysis or a single queue, which cannot guarantee the accuracy of prediction. Therefore, this study identified and validated new gene sets that contribute to the early prediction of AR and the prognosis prediction of patients after renal transplantation by constructing a more accurate AR gene signature through ML technology. Methods. Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and multiple bioinformatic analyses, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and built a gene signature via LASSO regression and SVM analysis. Immune cell infiltration and immunocyte association analyses were also conducted. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between AR genes and graft survival status. Results. Twenty-four DEGs were identified. A 5 gene signature (CPA6, EFNA1, HBM, THEM5, and ZNF683) were obtained by LASSO analysis and SVM analysis, which had a satisfied ability to differentiate AR and NAR in the training cohort, internal validation cohort and external validation cohort. Additionally, ZNF683 was associated with graft survival. Conclusion. A 5 gene signature, particularly ZNF683, provided insight into a precise therapeutic schedule and clinical applications for AR patients.
Deep Learning System for Recycled Clothing Classification Linked to Cloud and Edge Computing
Authors: Noh Sun-Kuk
Published: November 2022

Recently, IT technologies related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), such as artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and edge computing have been studied. Although there are many used clothing occurrences with 61 trillion worn of clothing consumption per year in Korea, it is not properly collected due to the efficiency of the used clothing collection system, and the collected used clothing is not properly recycled due to insufficient recycling system, lack of skilled labor force, and health problems of workers. To solve this problem, this study proposes a deep learning clothing classification system (DLCCS) using cloud and edge computing. The system proposed is to classify clothing image data input from camera terminals installed in various clothing classification sites in various regions into two classes, as well as nine classes, by deep learning using convolution neural network (CNN). And the classification results are stored in the cloud through edge computing. The edge computing enables the analysis of the data of the Internet of Things (IoT) device on the edge of the network before transmitting it to the cloud. The performance evaluation parameters that are considered for the proposed research study are transmission velocity and latency. Proposed system can efficiently improve the process and automation in the classification and processing of recycled clothing in various places. It is also expected that the waste of clothing resources and health problems of clothing classification workers will be improved.
Multiregional Sequencing Analysis Reveals Extensive Genetic Heterogeneity in Gastric Tumors from Latinos
Authors: Toal Ted W. , Estrada-Florez Ana P. , Polanco-Echeverry Guadalupe M. , Sahasrabudhe Ruta M. , Lott Paul C. , Suarez-Olaya John J. , Guevara-Tique Alix A. , Rocha Sienna , Morales-Arana Alexa , Castro-Valencia Fabian , Urayama Shiro , Kirane Amanda , Wei Dongguang , Rios-Sarabia Nora , Medrano Rafael , Mantilla Alejandra , Echeverry de Polanco Magdalena , Torres Javier , Bohorquez-Lozano Mabel E. , Carvajal-Carmona Luis G.
Published: November 2022

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality and health disparities in Latinos. We evaluated gastric intratumoral heterogeneity using multiregional sequencing of >700 cancer genes in 115 tumor biopsies from 32 patients, 29 who were Latinos. Analyses focused on comparisons with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and on mutation clonality, druggability, and signatures. We found that only approximately 30% of all mutations were clonal and that only 61% of the known TCGA gastric cancer drivers harbored clonal mutations. Multiple clonal mutations were found in new candidate gastric cancer drivers such as EYS, FAT4, PCDHA1, RAD50, EXO1, RECQL4, and FSIP2. The genomically stable (GS) molecular subtype, which has the worse prognosis, was identified in 48% of our Latino patients, a fraction that was >2.3-fold higher than in TCGA Asian and White patients. Only a third of all tumors harbored clonal pathogenic mutations in druggable genes, with most (93%) GS tumors lacking actionable clonal mutations. Mutation signature analyses revealed that, in microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors, DNA repair mutations were common for both tumor initiation and progression, while tobacco, POLE, and inflammation signatures likely initiate carcinogenesis. MSS tumor progression was likely driven by aging- and aflatoxin-associated mutations, as these latter changes were usually nonclonal. In microsatellite-unstable tumors, nonclonal tobacco-associated mutations were common. Our study, therefore, contributed to advancing gastric cancer molecular diagnostics and suggests clonal status is important to understanding gastric tumorigenesis. Our findings of a higher frequency of a poor prognosis associated molecular subtype in Latinos and a possible new aflatoxin gastric cancer etiology also advance cancer disparities research.

Significance:

Our study contributes to advancing our knowledge of gastric carcinogenesis, diagnostics, and cancer health disparities.
The Infected Lungs and Brain Interface in COVID-19: The Impact on Cognitive Function
Authors: Joaquim Larissa , Della Giustina Amanda , Machado Richard Simon , Metzker Kiuanne Lino Lobo , Bonfante Sandra , Danielski Lucineia Gainski , Goldim Mariana Pereira de Souza , Petronilho Fabricia
Published: November 2022

Many coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-recovered patients report signs and symptoms and are experiencing neurological, psychiatric, and cognitive problems. However, the exact prevalence and outcome of cognitive sequelae is unclear. Even though the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has target brain cells through binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in acute infection, several studies indicate the absence of the virus in the brain of many COVID-19 patients who developed neurological disorders. Thus, the COVID-19 mechanisms for stimulating cognitive dysfunction may include neuroinflammation, which is mediated by a sustained systemic inflammation, a disrupted brain barrier, and severe glial reactiveness, especially within the limbic system. This review explores the interplay of infected lungs and brain in COVID-19 and its impact on the cognitive function.
Clinical Analysis of Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Retrospective and Single Institution Experience
Authors: Okumura Taiki , Noguchi Takuro , Sekiguchi Nodoka , Kobayashi Takashi , Kanda Shintaro , Ida Kouichi , Minagawa Tomonori , Tokumaru Shigeo , Umemura Takeji , Koizumi Tomonobu
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (EPNEC) is a clinicopathological entity distinct from neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. Here, we reviewed the clinical features, treatment modalities, and prognosis of EPNEC patients in a single-institution series. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of EPNEC patients and examined the clinical profiles and treatment outcomes at our hospital between 2013 and 2021. Results: Thirty-one EPNEC patients (21 men and 10 women) with a median age of 65 years were included. The primary sites were as follows: stomach (n = 7); rectum and bladder (n = 3 each); prostate, esophagus, cervix, and pancreas (n = 2 each); maxillary sinus, parotid gland, gallbladder, anal canal, larynx, uterine body, ovary, appendix, anterior mediastinum, and unknown primary lesion (n = 1 each). Thirteen patients had locally advanced stage and 18 cases had distant metastases. Chemotherapy using platinum-combined CPT-11 or VP-16 was mainly performed. Various therapeutic modalities were used, especially in locally advanced cases. Ten patients underwent surgery, including initial surgery in 5 and conversion in 5 after chemotherapy. The response rate to initial chemotherapy was 56.5%, and the median overall survival in all patients was 12.8 (95% CI: 9.6–34.5) months. Survival was significantly longer in patients with locally advanced stage (80.3 months) and receiving surgery (not reached) than in those with metastatic disease (9.9 months) and without surgery (9.6 months). Conclusion: EPNEC occurs in various organs and has poor prognosis. Long-term survival may be possible with surgical resection in cases with early-stage disease or tumor shrinkage due to chemotherapy.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS TO MEASURE THE LEVEL OF BANK HEALTH IN PT. PEOPLE'S BANK OF INDONESIA (PERSERO) Tbk
Authors: Kusumaningati Iip Dyah
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine or analyze financial performance to measure the soundness of banks at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk in 2018 to 2020 to see if PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk in the predicate of healthy or unhealthy. Data collection techniques in this study is to use secondary data. The results of the research data that have been obtained are analyzed first with financial ratios, then the final CAMEL value is determined in each period by multiplying the credit value of each ratio with the CAMEL weight that has been set by Bank Indonesia. The ratios used include Capital (Capital) using the Capital Adequeency Ratio (CAR), Asset Quality (Asset Quality) using the productive asset quality ratio (KAP) The ratio of productive assets classified to the total earning assets, Management (Management) using the ratio of Net Profit Margin (NPM), Earning (Rentability) using the ratio of Gross Profit to Business Volume (Return on Assets / ROA) and the Ratio of Operating Costs to Operating Income (BOPO), and Liquidity (Liquidity) using the ratio Loan on Deposit Ratio (LDR) ). The results of this study show that the final value of CAMEL in 2018 was 92.2, in 2019 it was 92.5 and in 2020 it was 89.5. All of these results are in the range of 81% - 100% with a healthy predicate. Thus it can be concluded that the financial performance using the CAMLE method at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk from 2018 to 2020 is in a healthy predicate.
THE EFFECT OF FLASH SALE AND FREE SHIPPING ON PURCHASING DECISIONS ON THE SHOPEE MARKETPLACE (STUDY ON STUDENTS IN MAN KOTA TEGAL)
Authors: Fatoni Umi Fadilah , Rochmah Ainur
Published: November 2022

Flash sale and “Gratis Ongkir” Program are Shopee one of  platforms shopping online in Indonesia. The increase in sales to active purchases on the marketplace , shows that there is consumer behavior towards purchasing decisions through e-commerce.  

This study aims to analyze how the effect of flash sales and "Free Shipping" Shopee on purchasing decisions for students using the Shopee application at MAN Tegal City, partially and simultaneously.  The form of this research is quantitative research with an associative approach.  Sampling using the Slovin formula and using 95 respondents as samples. The results showed that the flash sale and "Free Shipping" variables simultaneously (simultaneously) influenced purchasing decisions with acalculated > Ftable (33,115 > 3.09).  

Through the results of adjusted R square , it is also known that flash sale and free shipping contributed 41,9%, the remaining 58,1% was influenced by other variables. It is hoped that Shopee can overcome the price discount promo hours which are considered less in accordance with the wishes of consumers.
Persistent High Burden of Heart Failure Across the Ejection Fraction Spectrum in a Nationwide Setting
Authors: Stolfo Davide , Lund Lars H. , Benson Lina , Hage Camilla , Sinagra Gianfranco , Dahlström Ulf , Savarese Gianluigi
Published: November 2022

Background

Heart failure (HF) has a dramatic impact on worldwide health care systems that is determined by the growing prevalence of and the high exposure to cardiovascular and noncardiovascular events. Prognosis remains poor. We sought to compare a large population with HF across the ejection fraction (EF) spectrum with a population without HF for patient characteristics, and HF, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular outcomes.

Methods and Results

Patients with HF registered in the Swedish HF registry in 2005 to 2018 were compared 1:3 with a sex‐, age‐, and county‐matched population without HF. Outcomes were cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations. Of 76 453 patients with HF, 53% had reduced EF, 23% mildly reduced EF, and 24% preserved EF. Compared with those without HF, patients with HF had more cardiovascular and noncardiovascular comorbidities and worse socioeconomic status. Incidence of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular events was higher in people with HF versus non‐HF, with increased risk of all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR], 2.53 [95% CI, 2.50–2.56]), cardiovascular (HR, 4.67 [95% CI, 4.59–4.76]), and noncardiovascular (HR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.46–1.52]) mortality, 2‐ to 5‐fold higher risk of first/repeated cardiovascular and noncardiovascular hospitalizations, and ~4 times longer in‐hospital length of stay for any cause. Patients with HF with reduced EF had higher risk of HF hospitalizations, whereas those with HF with preserved EF had higher risk of all‐cause and noncardiovascular hospitalization and mortality.

Conclusions

Patients with HF exert a high health care burden, with a much higher risk of cardiovascular, all‐cause, and noncardiovascular events, and nearly 4 times as many days spent in hospital compared with those without HF. These epidemiological data may enable strategies for optimal resource allocation and HF trial design.
Pediatric Electrophysiology Device Needs: A Survey from the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society Taskforce on Pediatric‐Specific Devices
Authors: Dubin Anne M. , Bar‐Cohen Yaniv , Berul Charles I. , Cannon Bryan C. , Saarel Elizabeth V. , Shah Maully J. , Triedman John K.
Published: November 2022

Background

There are few US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved devices specifically aimed at the pediatric patient with arrhythmia. This has led to a high off‐label utilization of devices in this vulnerable population. The Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES), the international organization representing pediatric and congenital heart disease arrhythmia specialists, developed a task force to comprehensively address device development issues relevant to pediatric patients with congenital arrhythmia.

Methods and Results

As a first step, the taskforce developed a 26‐question survey for the pediatric arrhythmia community to assess providers’ understanding of the FDA approval process, specifically in regard to pediatric labeling. There were 92/211 respondents (44%) with a >90% completion rate. The vast majority of respondents believed there was a paucity of devices available for children (96%). More than 60% of respondents stated that they did not understand the FDA regulatory process and were not aware of whether the devices they used were labeled for pediatric use.

Conclusions

Pediatric electrophysiologists are keenly aware of the deficit of available pediatric devices for their patients. The majority do not understand the FDA approval process and could benefit from additional educational resources regarding this. A collaborative forum including PACES, FDA, patients and their families, and Industry would be an important next step in clarifying opportunities and priorities to serve this vulnerable population.
Pharmacogenomics in Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease: State of the Art
Authors: Ross Stephanie , Krebs Kristi , Paré Guillaume , Milani Lili
Published: November 2022

There is considerable interindividual variability in the response to antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies, and this variation may be attributable to genetic variants. There has been an increased understanding of the genetic architecture of stroke and cardiovascular disease, which has been driven by advancements in genomic technologies and this has raised the possibility of more targeted pharmaceutical treatments. Pharmacogenetics promises to use a patient’s genetic profile to treat those who are more likely to benefit from a particular intervention by selecting the best possible therapy. Although there are numerous studies indicating strong evidence for the effect of specific genotypes on the outcomes of vascular drugs, the adoption of pharmacogenetic testing in clinical practice has been slow. This resistance may stem from sometimes conflicting findings among pharmacogenetic studies, a lack of stroke-specific randomized controlled trials to test the effectiveness of genetically-guided therapies, and the practical and cost-effective implementation of genetic testing within the clinic. Thus, this review provides an overview of the genetic variants that influence the individual responses to aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin and statins and the different methods for pharmacogenetic testing and guidelines for clinical implementation for stroke patients.
Trend Analysis of Balcony Vegetable Gardens in Korea, Before and After COVID-19 Pandemic Using Big Data
Authors: Park Yumin , Shin Yong-Wook
Published: November 2022

Background and objective: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, people have been staying at home more and "balcony vegetable gardens," a form of urban agriculture, have been mentioned more frequently. As a result of the Korea Housing Survey in 2020, the percentage of households living in apartments among general households in Korea was 51.1%, but there is insufficient research to understand public perception and trends of the balcony vegetable gardens. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the trends of balcony vegetable gardens over the last 4 years including before and after the COVID-19 outbreak and to provide basic data for effective application to related policies and research.Methods: A total of 5,011 posts that mentioned balcony vegetable gardens were collected from Naver blogs and cafes from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021. To tokenize nouns, Okt morphological analysis of KoNLPy was used, and keywords were derived using TfidfVectorizer of Scikit-learn library. Following that, LDA topic modeling was performed by setting the hyper parameters as α= 0.1, β = 0.01 and iterations = 1,000. The above analysis was conducted using Python 3.9.5.Results: Before the outbreak of COVID-19, balcony vegetable gardening began to receive attention and vitalized as a form of participation in urban agriculture, but after the outbreak, they are established as an activity for healing, emotional support, environmental campaign, and healthy hobby. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, people clearly seemed to seek a more sustainable lifestyle through balcony vegetable garden activities. This shows the values and expected outcomes the public has toward urban agriculture.Conclusion: Balcony gardening activities heal the public, and this healing effect could be a key to the revitalization and development of urban agriculture. These findings can help establish policies and set the directions for urban agriculture that reflect the values and expected outcomes the public has toward urban agricultural activities.
Environmental Pollution Damage: Analysis of Recovery in Jangjeom Village, Korea
Authors: Lee Jae-hyuck , Kim Do-kyun
Published: November 2022

Background and objective: Since industrialization, various communities worldwide have had to deal with the negative effects of pollution. Previous studies have investigated how communities affected by pollution can recover. However, few studies have explored the ways in which recovery takes place over time. This study examined the restoration process of the village of Jangjeom in Iksan, South Korea. The environmental contamination of the air and soil of this area, caused by a fertilizer factory, has been officially recognized. As such, its regional administration is planning its recovery with governmental support.Methods: This study conducted a content analysis of the meeting minutes of the government-civilian committee on environmental emergency measures in the village, using time-series text mining. The main phases and problems in the process of environmental pollution recovery were analyzed.Results: The results of the analysis show that, in the early days of this initiative, there were many discussions regarding the physical and environmental aspects of pollution and the legal framework required to investigate the sources of pollution. However, in later meetings, the focus shifted to how pollution affects the residents, covering topics such as residents’ health check-ups and consultations with experts and administrative agencies.Conclusion: This study shows that for the long-term recovery of communities damaged by pollution, a human-centered approach that goes beyond the physical and environmental aspects of recovery is needed.
The Four Nationality Thesis: a Conceptual History of a Forgotten Idea
Authors: Rajani Shayan
Published: November 2022

This article historicizes the ethnicity idea, which has anachronistically come to shape academic understanding of Sindh and Pakistan across a broad period of history. Instead, the Four-Nationality Thesis, and other ideas, animated politics in Pakistan’s earlier decades. The Four Nationality Thesis, which drew on global leftist thought, conceived Pakistan as a set of nationalities, corresponding to its provinces, which were conceived to be distinct, culturally, linguistically, historically, and territorially. It provided the conceptual framework for a federalist politics against the unitary state of Pakistan. When the Sindh government made Sindhi the sole official provincial language in 1972, the ensuing conflict highlighted the conceptual limitations of the nationality idea, and its territorialization of culture. In short, this article argues that the history of concepts is necessary to understand politics in Sindh and Pakistan.
Leptobacillium cavernicola, a newly discovered fungal species isolated from several Paleolithic-decorated caves in France
Authors: LEPLAT JOHANN , FRANCOIS ALEXANDRE , BOUSTA FAISL
Published: November 2022

Several interesting fungal strains were recovered from air and surface samplings in a number of Paleolithic-decorated caves in France during multiple surveys. Multi-locus (ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF-1α) phylogenetic analysis of these strains through maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference coupled with a morphological characterization revealed a new fungal taxa, Leptobacillium cavernicola sp. nov. This new species morphologically and phylogenetically close to Leptobacillium muralicoa, which was also first isolated from a cultural heritage context. The study of this new species led us to reconsider the taxonomic position of strains that have hitherto been identified as Leptobacillium spp., suggesting that several new species could be added to the genus.
Tiberian ketiv-qere and the Combined Samaritan Written-Reading Tradition
Authors: Hornkohl Aaron D.
Published: November 2022

Both the Tiberian and Samaritan biblical traditions are composite in nature. In the Tiberian tradition this manifests most clearly in the phenomenon of ketiv-qere. Against the backdrop of the normally harmonious relationship between the written (i.e., consonantal, orthographic) and pronunciation (i.e., vocalisation, recitation) components of the Tiberian biblical tradition, ketiv-qere instances are a clear indication of divergence between what is written and what is read—divergence which, it should be emphasised, exceeds acknowledged cases of ketiv-qere. A similar relationship obtains between the Samaritan written tradition and its oral recitation, with the latter regularly deviating from what was evidently intended by the former. Both the Tiberian and Samaritan reading traditions are commonly characterised as later than their respective written traditions. The present study examines a series of ketiv-qere cases in the Pentateuch, seeking to explain the various forms reflected by the Tiberian and Samaritan written and reading traditions and to assess the relative antiquity of each.
A Further Analysis of the ‘Byzantine (Italian - Levantine) Triad’ of Features in Common Torah Codices
Authors: Arrant Estara J.
Published: November 2022

This study analyses the distinctive features of a group of eleven Torah fragments from the Taylor-Schechter collection of Cairo Genizah manuscripts, which appear to come from related regions and use the signs dagesh and shewa in three related ways to reinforce a standard of pronunciation of the biblical text. The three uses of these signs have, individually, been associated with Palestino-Tiberian vocalisation, or labelled as ‘Extended Tiberian’. I contribute a fresh analysis by contextualising the signs with each other, showing how they work together to preserve a standard form of pronunciation of the biblical text through reinforcing the syllabification when the text is read aloud. I also examine the codicological features of each of these fragments, which appear very similar to each other. I conclude that they constitute a

group, and I infer what their physical and linguistic features reveal about their practical function in the reading and study of the Hebrew Bible in the medieval period.
Why are there Two Systems of Tiberian Ṭeʿamim?
Authors: Crowther Daniel J.
Published: November 2022

Why might it be that a dedicated system of accentuation is used for ‘the Three’—the ‘poetic’ books of Job, Proverbs, and Psalms—but not for the many other ‘poetic texts’ found scattered throughout the ‘Twenty-One’ (the rest of the books of the Hebrew Bible)? The earliest commentators associate the two types of Tiberian accentuation with differences in verse-length. More modern commentators attribute it to the essence of poetry. Following these two ideas, two different methods of presenting poetry can be observed in the Twenty-One. One is appropriate to poetic texts with short verses (of fewer than eight words per verse) and the other is appropriate to poetic texts with long verses (of more than ten words per verse). Within this double system, the practical challenges of presenting short-verse poetic texts under the accentuation system of the Twenty-One can be observed in the one text that attempts this feat (2 Sam. 22). This observation suggests a rationale for a different system of accentuation that is more appropriate to extended texts of exclusively short-verse poetry, as found in the books of Psalms, Proverbs, and Job, but not in the books of Chronicles, Lamentations and Song of Songs.
Turbulence in the Ice Shelf–Ocean Boundary Current and Its Sensitivity to Model Resolution
Authors: Patmore Ryan D. , Holland Paul R. , Vreugdenhil Catherine A. , Jenkins Adrian , Taylor John R.
Published: November 2022

The ice shelf–ocean boundary current has an important control on heat delivery to the base of an ice shelf. Climate and regional models that include a representation of ice shelf cavities often use a coarse grid, and results have a strong dependence on resolution near the ice shelf–ocean interface. This study models the ice shelf–ocean boundary current with a nonhydrostatic z-level configuration at turbulence-permitting resolution (1 m). The z-level model performs well when compared against state-of-the-art large-eddy simulations, showing its capability in representing the correct physics. We show that theoretical results from a one-dimensional model with parameterized turbulence reproduce the z-level model results to a good degree, indicating possible utility as a turbulence closure. The one-dimensional model evolves to a state of marginal instability, and we use the z-level model to demonstrate how this is represented in three dimensions. Instabilities emerge that regulate the strength of the pycnocline and coexist with persistent Ekman rolls, which are identified prior to the flow becoming intermittently unstable. When resolution of the z-level model is degraded to understand the gridscale dependencies, the degradation is dominated by the established problem of excessive numerical diffusion. We show that at intermediate resolutions (2–4 m), the boundary layer structure can be partially recovered by tuning diffusivities. Last, we compare replacing prescribed melting with interactive melting that is dependent on the local ocean conditions. Interactive melting results in a feedback such that the system evolves more slowly, which is exaggerated at lower resolution.
Relational Work in the Family: The Gendered Microfoundation of Parents’ Economic Decisions
Authors: Rao Aliya Hamid
Published: November 2022

How do parents decide what goods, experiences, and activities they can afford for their children during times of economic insecurity? This article draws on 72 in-depth interviews with U.S. professional middle-class families in which one parent is unemployed. Extending the concept of relational work, this study illuminates how the microfoundation of economic decisions is gendered. Families where fathers are unemployed take the approach of relational preservation: they seek to maintain a high threshold of expenditures on children and view curtailing child-related spending as a threat to their class status. These families see reducing expenditures on children as a parental, and especially paternal, failure. Families where mothers are unemployed take an approach of relational downscaling, lowering the threshold for essential expenditures on children. These families are reluctant to spend less on children’s education, but they do not view decreasing spending on other items, such as consumer goods, as threatening their class status. Gendering relational work reveals how inequalities within families are reproduced through meaning-making around expenditures on children, and it clarifies a key source of variation in parental economic decision-making.
Exploring biographies in a rapidly changing labor world
Authors: Tsiolis Giorgos , Siouti Irini
Published: November 2022

The field of work and employment is among the most rapidly changing fields in current societies. The sociology of work attempts to map these changes, developing concepts that seek to grasp the transformations of labor. Currently, the discussion revolves around two main topics: (a) the ‘normality of non-normality’ expands on the flexible, insecure, and precarious forms of employment, while (b) the ‘subjectivation of work’ has been introduced in order to reflect the newly observed trend in which entrepreneurial strategies and rationales colonize the whole spectrum of an employee’s personal life and the self. It is a paradox, however, that while all these transformations in the labor world are taking place, interest in biographical research on the field has declined. This article aims to show the ways in which biographical narrative research has studied the changes that have taken place in the world of labor and to highlight new research possibilities. We especially wish to highlight ways in which reconstructive biographical research can contribute to the corpus of knowledge generated on this topic. We argue that, through biographical case reconstruction, paths by which transformations of the labor world become biographically significant for individuals and their social life worlds can be grasped in a dialectical manner. Employing systematic reconstruction of the ways in which social actors construct their work experiences biographically can serve a twofold purpose. First, it reveals how social rules, dominant discourses, and social conditions form new workers’ subjectivities, and second, it identifies biographical sources of resistance on the part of the actors.
Corruption risk analysis in local public procurement: a look at the Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona
Authors: Miranzo Díaz Javier , Cerrillo i Martinez Agustí , Galindo Caldés Ramon , Castro Carranza Judith
Published: November 2022

Over the past years, the anti-corruption strategy in public administrations has been shifting from a formal way of control towards a risk management and assessment one. However, it is not clear whether these legal reforms at EU and at national level are reaching local institutions. The study evaluates the degree of compliance of the Greater Metropolitan Area of Barcelona by analysing a set of indicators divided into five main areas: codes of ethics, oversight bodies, transparency, conflicts of interests, and whistleblowing channels and protection. The results show that, even if there are also positive outcomes, the process of transforming the public administration and its contracting bodies towards a culture of integrity or risk management is still far from complete at local levels, and there are still institutional and normative shortcomings in terms of anti-corruption strategy and planning that should be promptly addressed.

Points for practitioners

This article explores the impact of the current anti-corruption legislation on local governments and public bodies. It analyses the state of development of four key public procurement areas of action within the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, gathering 170 entities of different legal nature and size. The results show that the impact of European and national legislations seems to be still weak in local administrative structures, although the degree of development varies significantly among different types of entities.