bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Snow-accumulation distribution in the interior of the Lambert
Glacier basin, Antarctica
Authors: Higham Martin , Craven Mike , Ruddell Andrew , Allison Ian
Published: November 2017

A prime input variable to uncoupled ice-sheet models, or for estimating the
mass budget of present-day ice sheets, is the distribution of net surface
mass balance. In most eases this is extrapolated from relatively few direct
measurements over a limited time period, and parameterised in terms of
continentality, surface elevation and other broad-scale indicators. Between
1989 and 1995 a series of oversnow traverses around the interior of the
Lambert Glacier basin gathered a comprehensive set of data on snow
accumulation and surface properties, surface climatology, ice-sheet
velocities, elevations and thicknesses. Above the 2000 m level accumulation
averages were found to be 76 kg ma−2a−1
(σ = 74), much lower than at similar elevations in
Wilkes Land. The traverse route contains three distinct accumulation
regimes: a relatively high accumulation zone along the western side despite
higher average elevations, a very low accumulation zone in the south due to
the effect of inereased continentality and an eastern sector that exhibits a
rain-shadow effect in predominantly easterly wind fields. Inter-annual
variability is high- with 1993 a colder year, recording only half the longer
term average accumulation over the portion of the route that was
measured.
Preliminary evidence of a biomass-burning event from a 60 year-old firn core
from Antarctica by ion chromatographic determination of carboxylic acids
Authors: Udisti R. , Becagli S. , Traversi R. , Vermigli S. , Piccardi G.
Published: November 2017

An ion chromatographic method for the determination of fluoride and some
organic anions (lactate, acetate, glycolate, propionate, formate, methane
sulphonate and pyruvate) at sub-μgl−1 concentration levels is
applied to a 22 m (63 years) firn core drilled at Hercules Névé, northern Victoria
Land, Antarctica. The first effective distribution data of acetate, propionate and
formate for this region are reponed here. Mean values of 9.9,7.7 and 2.4
μgl−1 were calculated for acetate, Formate and propionate,
respectively, in the absence of particular events (background values).

The temporal (1928-82) concentration/depth profiles of these components
showed a probable long-term biomass-burning event in the 1930s that can be related
back to processes in the Southern Hemisphere. Such burning events may be
demonstrated from the simultaneous concentration increase of carboxylic acid,
potassium, ammonium and fluoride and from a very high dust content. Similar
increasing trends in the same time period are not shown by other snow components
usually considered as source indicators (methane sulphonic acid: biogenic marker;
nssSO4
2- : biogenic and volcanic indicator;
Na+ and Cl−: sea-spray contribution;
Ca2+ : crustal input), so it was possible to exclude such
alternative explanations.
Non-linear thermal transport and brine convection in first-year sea
ice
Authors: Mcguinness M.J. , Trodahl H.J. , Collins K. , Haskell T. G.
Published: November 2017

We report the first results from a programme recently set up to directly
measure the thermal conductivity of young sea ice.

An array of thermistors frozen into first-year Antarctic sea ice provides
temperature vs depth data, which is fitted directly with a partial differential
equation for heat conduction. Temperatures are recorded every hour at 20 vertical
intervals of 100 mm over a period of 5 months, allowing accurate and direct
estimation of the thermal conductivity. Preliminary results indicate that the
thermal conductivity is in the expected range, with some evidence of non-linear
effects deeper in the ice. A larger variance in data is evident at higher
temperature gradients and at greater depths in the ice.

Preliminary modelling of the impact of brine migration on heat transport
through first-year sea ice is presented. Diffusion-driven brine pocket migration
is too slow to contribute significantly to heat flow, but the convective
instability of inclined brine slots or tubes is a promising mechanism.
Derrida on the Line
Authors: Jackson Sarah
Published: November 2017

By offering us a voice that is both at a distance and inside one's own head, the telephone causes interference in thinking and writing. But despite the multiple telephones that echo in and across Jacques Derrida's work, and specifically his writing to and with Hélène Cixous, it is only since Derrida's death that critical interest in the phone has fully emerged, with work by Royle (2006) , Prenowitz (2008) , Bennington (2013) and Turner (2014) stressing the value of staying on the line. Engaging with Derrida, however, is not simply a matter of picking up the receiver. For the telephone is also, Derrida insists in H.C. for Life (2006), a ‘poetico-technical invention’, that is, the telephone is ‘thought itself’. This paper is about how the telephone ‘thinks’ Derrida, about how it remembers Derrida, and about how it offers us a line for re-imagining his voice. Bound up with the uncanny mechanisms of the telephone, it invites readers to participate in long-distance calling – listening across species, texts and worlds.
Not One of My Moments
Authors: Wood Sarah
Published: November 2017

This essay imagines Derrida by starting from the first page of Glas – read in terms of extinction and global warming. On that page we come across the imperative ‘stay and think’ and the rest of the piece addresses the condensations and displacements by which that staying and thinking are imagined and enacted. An unimaginable ecological crisis faces us today. Hearing, dreaming, and reading emerge from Glas as distinctively strange and necessary forms of agency that can sustain our efforts to think (and act) non-destructively in response.
‘Disastrologies’
Authors: Schad John
Published: November 2017

‘Disastrologies’ explores Derrida's fascination with dates and how that fascination reveals a secret correspondence, in every sense of the word, with Walter Benjamin – a man who has the same birth-date as Derrida. It is, though, the date of Benjamin's death and indeed its infamous mise-en-scène, the cheap hotel on the Franco-Spanish border, that dominates this text which takes the form of a dramatic monologue delivered by the hotel manager, Juan Suñer, a man known to be both a manipulator of dates and, indeed, close to the Gestapo. As the monologue unfolds, Suñer advances an elaborate calendrical re-reading of a host of Derrida texts which probes at the mystery not only of Benjamin's last night but also of living with both Jewish and Christian calendars. Finally, we see how this last of nights puts under unbearable pressure the infinite promise of both the Jewish Sabbath and the Christian Sunday.
Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging
Authors: Pyle Joseph R , Chen Jixin
Published: November 2017

Super-resolution imaging of single DNA molecules via point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT) has great potential to visualize fine DNA structures with nanometer resolution. In a typical PAINT video acquisition, dye molecules (YOYO-1) in solution sparsely bind to the target surfaces (DNA) whose locations can be mathematically determined by fitting their fluorescent point spread function. Many YOYO-1 molecules intercalate into DNA and remain there during imaging, and most of them have to be temporarily or permanently fluorescently bleached, often stochastically, to allow for the visualization of a few fluorescent events per DNA per frame of the video. Thus, controlling the fluorescence on–off rate is important in PAINT. In this paper, we study the photobleaching of YOYO-1 and its correlation with the quality of the PAINT images. At a low excitation laser power density, the photobleaching of YOYO-1 is too slow and a minimum required power density was identified, which can be theoretically predicted with the proposed method in this report.
Characterizing the Cloud Decks of Luhman 16AB with Medium-resolution Spectroscopic Monitoring∗
Authors: Kellogg Kendra , Metchev Stanimir , Heinze Aren , Gagné Jonathan , Kurtev Radostin
Published: November 2017

We present results from a two-night R ∼ 4000 0.9–2.5 μm spectroscopic monitoring campaign of Luhman 16AB (L7.5 + T0.5). We assess the variability amplitude as a function of pressure level in the atmosphere of Luhman 16B: the more variable of the two components. The amplitude decreases monotonically with decreasing pressure, indicating that the source of variability—most likely patchy clouds—lies in the lower atmosphere. An unexpected result is that the strength of the K i absorption is higher in the faint state of Luhman 16B and lower in the bright state. We conclude that either the abundance of K i increases when the clouds roll in, potentially because of additional K i in the cloud itself, or that the temperature–pressure profile changes. We reproduce the change in K i absorption strengths with combinations of spectral templates to represent the bright and the faint variability states. These are dominated by a warmer L8 or L9 component, with a smaller contribution from a cooler T1 or T2 component. The success of this approach argues that the mechanism responsible for brown dwarf variability is also behind the diverse spectral morphology across the L-to-T transition. We further suggest that the L9–T1 part of the sequence represents a narrow but random ordering of effective temperatures and cloud fractions, obscured by the monotonic progression in methane absorption strength.
Theoretical Models of Optical Transients. I. A Broad Exploration of the Duration–Luminosity Phase Space
Authors: Villar V. Ashley , Berger Edo , Metzger Brian D. , Guillochon James
Published: November 2017

The duration–luminosity phase space (DLPS) of optical transients is used, mostly heuristically, to compare various classes of transient events, to explore the origin of new transients, and to influence optical survey observing strategies. For example, several observational searches have been guided by intriguing voids and gaps in this phase space. However, we should ask, do we expect to find transients in these voids given our understanding of the various heating sources operating in astrophysical transients? In this work, we explore a broad range of theoretical models and empirical relations to generate optical light curves and to populate the DLPS. We explore transients powered by adiabatic expansion, radioactive decay, magnetar spin-down, and circumstellar interaction. For each heating source, we provide a concise summary of the basic physical processes, a physically motivated choice of model parameter ranges, an overall summary of the resulting light curves and their occupied range in the DLPS, and how the various model input parameters affect the light curves. We specifically explore the key voids discussed in the literature: the intermediate-luminosity gap between classical novae and supernovae, and short-duration transients (

days). We find that few physical models lead to transients that occupy these voids. Moreover, we find that only relativistic expansion can produce fast and luminous transients, while for all other heating sources events with durations

days are dim (

mag). Finally, we explore the detection potential of optical surveys (e.g., Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) in the DLPS and quantify the notion that short-duration and dim transients are exponentially more difficult to discover in untargeted surveys.
CNTO6785, a Fully Human Antiinterleukin 17 Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis with Inadequate Response to Methotrexate: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Phase II, Dose-ranging Study
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Jeka Slawomir , Jaller Juan Jose , Kitumnuaypong Tasanee , Louthrenoo Worawit , Mann Herman , Matsievskaia Galina , Soriano Enrique R. , Jia Bin , Wang Caihong , Nie Jing , Hsia Elizabeth
Published: November 2017

Objective.

To evaluate the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of CNTO6785, a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to human interleukin 17A, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) therapy.

Methods.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study enrolled patients aged 18 to 80 years (inclusive) with active RA (≥ 6/66 swollen and ≥ 6/68 tender joints) who were refractory to MTX treatment (7.5–25 mg weekly, inclusive). The study duration was 38 weeks, containing a 10-week safety followup. Patients were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to receive CNTO6785 15, 50, 100, or 200 mg every 4 weeks + MTX or placebo + MTX. The primary endpoint was American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) response at Week 16.

Results.

There were no significant differences from placebo in the proportion of patients treated with CNTO6785 in the primary endpoint of ACR20 response at Week 16. There were no significant findings in any additional efficacy variables through Week 32. No dose-response relationships or specific patterns were observed in adverse event profiles among CNTO6785 treatment groups. Infections occurred with similar frequency across all groups, and injection site reactions were mild or moderate and did not demonstrate a dose-response relationship. Median serum CNTO6785 concentration increases through Week 38 were about dose-proportional; the incidence of neutralizing antidrug antibodies was 19.4% and was not associated with study drug dose level.

Conclusion.

CNTO6785 was well tolerated, but did not demonstrate clinical efficacy in patients with active RA with inadequate response to MTX.
Sacroiliac Joint Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Asymptomatic Patients with Recurrent Acute Anterior Uveitis: A Proof-of-concept Study
Authors: Oliveira Thauana L. , Maksymowych Walter P. , Lambert Robert G.W. , Muccioli Cristina , Fernandes Artur R.C. , Pinheiro Marcelo M.
Published: November 2017

Objective.

Our aim was to quantify bone marrow edema (BME) and/or structural lesions in the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) of patients with recurrent acute anterior uveitis (rAAU) with or without back pain, to evaluate the frequency of axial (axSpA) and peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA) and to establish which criterion for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) positivity best reflected the global assessment of SIJ MRI.

Methods.

A total of 50 patients with rAAU without prior rheumatologic diagnosis were included in our cross-sectional study, and these patients were compared to 21 healthy volunteers. SIJ MRI scans were read by 2 rheumatologists according to the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC/MORPHO) protocol. Discrepant cases were adjudicated by a radiologist.

Results.

Patients with rAAU were diagnosed with axSpA (Group 1, n = 20, 40%) and nonspecific back pain (Group 2, n = 6, 12%), or as being asymptomatic (Group 3, n = 24, 48%). Group 3 results showed 9 patients (37.5%) had SIJ MRI and/or were radiography-positive for axSpA (5 MRI and radiograph, 1 MRI, 3 radiograph). SIJ MRI scans that were compatible with SpA in groups 1 (n = 12) and 3 (n = 6) were similar in acute and structural lesions that were analyzed according to SPARCC/MORPHO. The best sensitivity/specificity criterion for defining a positive global MRI assessment was a BME score ≥ 3 (88%/94%).

Conclusion.

This is the first study evaluating SIJ MRI in patients with rAAU without back symptoms, showing positive findings for sacroiliitis. Moreover, a BME score ≥ 3 had better performance to define an SIJ MRI as positive for axSpA.
A Model for e-Learning Systems Success: Systems, Determinants, and Performance
Authors: Romi Ismail M.
Published: November 2017

E-learning is used by higher education institutions and corporate training institutes as a means of solving performance problems, and the accessibility to educational technology which considered as vital for acquisition and dissemination of knowledge to students, as well as interaction between instructors and students. To determine technological solutions for those institutions, an analysis to the literature, and related theories have been conducted depending on the context impact to e-learning system, as well as the interrelationship between e-learning system components and its impact on learner performance. The main findings show that e-learning system is composed of four components, mainly; the instructor, learner, course, and information and communication technologies (ICT), in addition to the context determinants of e-learning system success. The current study, proposed a model for e-learning success, which incorporates eight factors, mainly; e-learning context that include individual, institutional, and environmental determinants to e-learning success. In addition to e-learning components which include instructor, learner, course, and ICT. As well as the learner performance, that aims to measure e-learning success. The proposed model was designed to integrate prior research in the area of e-learning, where it adds set of determinants to e-learning systems success, and find out the best fit of e-learning system components. Moreover, educational institutions can use this proposed model.
Determinant Factors Affecting the Web-based Training Acceptance by Health Students, Applying UTAUT Model
Authors: Sattari Asgar , Abdekhoda Mohammadhiwa , Zarea Gavgani Vahideh
Published: November 2017

Nowadays Web-based training (WBT) is the most advanced training methods. With the increasing use of modern methods of training in universities necessity of identification of the factors influencing the acceptance of web-based training becomes more obvious. This study examines the factors influencing the acceptance of web-based training by students. This study was cross-sectional survey and conducted from August to December 2016. As sample, 239 students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TUOMS) were asked to participate in this study and fill the corresponding questionnaires. The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) was applied to investigate and explain the acceptance of E-learning. The data were analyzed by SPSS v.16. Findings revealed that the web- based training acceptance was directly influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitated condition, and attitude toward technology, self-efficacy, and anxiety. In contrast the impact of the social influences hadn’t been observed on behavior indentation. The findings indicated that UTAUT model explains about 58% of the variance for adoption of WBT. The study not only provides an indicator of students’ acceptance of E-learning, but also recognizes the important factors that would contribute to its successful use. The simulating or disappointing factors effecting use of the E-learning systems in university have been understood in a well-organized way according to the received results. Decision makers should apply these conclusions to improve strategies to align users’ expectations with use of technology use learning.
Towards a Competence-Based Course Authoring Tool Supporting Learning Management Systems
Authors: Wallenborn Benjamin , Then Matthias , Hoang Minh Duc , Vu Duc Binh , Becker Jana , Fuchs Michael , Heutelbeck Dominic , Hemmje Matthias
Published: November 2017

To establish a more comparable, compatible, and coherent system of higher education in Europe, the so-called Bologna Process (BP) has been adopted. As a measure to improve comparability, the BP requires that every study path, module, or course has to define a Learning Goal (LG) which is specified by the conveyed competences. Until now, the expectations towards the BP regarding comparability have not been fulfilled because competences are usually described in form of free text and not in standardized terms. The fact that since adoption of the BP more than 10.000 study programs have been created in Germany outlines a trend which demonstrates the need of improved solutions. Regarding comparability, so-called Competence Frameworks (CFs) with standardized, machine-readable competences are promising tools; therefore, they should be integrated into progressive software infrastructures concerned with creation, management, and execution of study paths, modules and courses. For this purpose, the so-called Qualifications Based Learning Model (QBLM) has been developed. In this paper, we introduce a general system architecture which is designed for realizing Competence-based Learning IT-infrastructures. Furthermore, the conceptual design and prototypical implementation of a Course Authoring Tool (CAT) is described which is based on the QBLM and the information-, content-, knowledge-, and learning management platform Knowledge Management Ecosystem Portal (KM-EP). The integration of the QBLM into Learning Management System (LMS) Moodle which is an underlying subsystem of the KM-EP platform is work in progress.
Contours et positionnement d’une forme hybride de policing résidentiel
Authors: Malochet Virginie
Published: November 2017

Le Groupement parisien inter-bailleurs de surveillance (GPIS) patrouille la nuit dans les parties communes de 500 résidences d’habitat social dans l’objectif d’y maintenir la tranquillité. Financièrement soutenue par la ville de Paris, c’est une structure hybride qui associe douze organismes HLM et relève du cadre réglementaire des activités privées de sécurité. Vue d’ensemble sur un dispositif unique en son genre dans le contexte français, révélateur d’un mouvement de pluralisation du policing auquel Paris n’échappe pas.
The need for an active role of the clinical radiologist in the management of the HIV-infected patients
Authors: Menezes Colin N.
Published: November 2017

No abstract available.
Nivolumab-induced new-onset seronegative rheumatoid arthritis in a patient with advanced metastatic melanoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Haikal Ammar , Borba E , Khaja Taqui , Doolittle Gary , Schmidt Paul
Published: November 2017

Immune-related adverse events have been reported in patients treated with anti-programmed death-1 receptor drugs such as nivolumab. We present a case of a new-onset seronegative rheumatoid arthritis in a patient with metastatic melanoma treated with nivolumab.
Metabolic Implications of Psychotropic Medications in a Publicly-Funded State Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Bota Robert G , Dellenbaugh Timothy , Giorgadze Andro , Eaglin Chadd K , Davila Cristina
Published: November 2017

Objective

To assess the metabolic implications for patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital in several patient populations.

Method

Data was collected from the medical records of 108 randomly chosen patients initially diagnosed with schizophrenia and depression in our hospital from 2002 to 2003.

Results

Weight gain over a one-year period was demonstrated in each group of patients (treated with antipsychotics or antidepressants) (p < 0.001). After the implementation of routine lipid panel test, several patients were initially diagnosed with dyslipidemia.

Discussion

It is important to order routine laboratory work rationally, as this adds to the cost of hospitalization, while considering standard of care recommendations.
Association of Parental Psychiatric Morbidity with their Altruistic Behaviors and Sense of Obligation to Children in the United States
Authors: Fujiwara Takeo , Lee Cynthia
Published: November 2017

Previous studies have suggested that altruistic behaviors for children and grandchildren (ABC) have a complex mechanism for psychiatric morbidity among parents and grandparents. The interaction between ABC and sense of obligation to children/grandchildren (SOC) may help to provide a better understanding of the association between ABC and psychiatric morbidity. In this study, we seek to investigate the association between the interaction of ABC and SOC and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression (MD) using a nationally representative sample of middle-aged parents/grandparents in the United States (N = 2,193). Among women, feeling obligated was associated with MD regardless of ABC status. Among men, having SOC and providing informal assistance or financial support was associated with GAD morbidity. Further research that elucidates the complexity of the interaction of ABC and SOC on psychiatric morbidity among parents/grandparents is needed.
Interhospital Transfer of Acute Trauma Patients: How Long Does it Take and how is the Time Spent?
Authors: Utter Garth H. , Victorino Gregory P. , Wisner David H.
Published: November 2017

Background

Trauma patients in rural areas are frequently transferred to regional trauma centers for expeditious evaluation and management of potentially life-threatening injuries. We sought to characterize how long the process takes, once it has begun, for acutely injured patients to be transferred from emergency departments (EDs) of referring hospitals to trauma centers and how the time is spent.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multi-institutional case series study. We reviewed records of acutely injured trauma patients transferred from the EDs of 114 outlying hospitals to the EDs of three Level I or II regional trauma centers over a 12–24 month period. We calculated the duration of the transfer process and its component time intervals (reported as the mean ± standard deviation).

Results

Among 1099 patients transferred from 114 referring hospitals, the mean Injury Severity Score was 11.6. Mortality was 5.9%. Half of all transfers were by ground ambulance, 36% by helicopter, and 13% by airplane. The mean time from patient presentation at the ED of the referring hospital until transfer request was 126 ± 94 min, and the mean time from transfer acceptance until arrival at the trauma center was an additional 119 ± 60 min. The mean time from transfer acceptance to departure of the patient from the ED of the referring hospital was 68 ± 48 min. Transportation time accounted for 48 ± 29 min, or 40% of the total time between transfer acceptance and arrival at the accepting hospital.

Conclusions

Interhospital transfer of acutely injured trauma patients takes a substantial amount of time even after acceptance of the patient, and actual time spent in transportation accounts for only 40% of the time from transfer acceptance to arrival of the patient at the receiving hospital, on average. Efforts to speed transfers should focus on shortening the time from transfer acceptance to departure from the referring hospital.
Surgical Removal of a Knotted Intravascular Pulmonary Artery Catheter
Authors: Kaneda Kotaro , Han Tae-Hyung
Published: November 2017

A pulmonary artery (PA) catheter was placed in a 60-year-old patient with congestive heart failure, undergoing lumbar spinal surgery. In the prone position, no wedge pressure wave could be obtained, and multiple attempts at repositioning were unsuccessful. Fluoroscopy showed a catheter knot in the right internal jugular vein, which was removed surgically through the original venotomy site. The knot was thought to be caused by excessive manipulation at too great an insertion depth, with low cardiac output. We conclude it is important to follow the guidelines for PA catheter placement, using step-wise gentle manual attempts. If knotted, radiological interventions and surgical extrication must be considered.
ATP Depletion via Mitochondrial F1F0Complex by Lethal Factor is an Early Event inB. Anthracis-Induced Sudden Cell Death
Authors: Woodberry Mitchell W. , Aguilera-Aguirre Leopoldo , Bacsi Attila , Chopra Ashok K. , Kurosky Alexander , Peterson Johnny W. , Boldogh Istvan
Published: November 2017

Bacillus anthracis' primary virulence factor is a tripartite anthrax toxin consisting of edema factor (EF), lethal factor (LF) and protective antigen (PA). In complex with PA, EF and LF are internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis. EF is a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase that induces tissue edema. LF is a zinc-metalloprotease that cleaves members of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases. Lethal toxin (LT: PA plus LF)-induced death of macrophages is primarily attributed to expression of the sensitive Nalp1b allele, inflammasome formation and activation of caspase-1, but early events that initiate these processes are unknown. Here we provide evidence that an early essential event in pyroptosis of alveolar macrophages is LF-mediated depletion of cellular ATP. The underlying mechanism involves interaction of LF with F1F0-complex gamma and beta subunits leading to increased ATPase activity in mitochondria. In support, mitochondrial DNA-depleted MH-S cells have decreased F1F0ATPase activity due to the lack of F06 and F08 polypeptides and show increased resistance to LT. We conclude that ATP depletion is an important early event in LT-induced sudden cell death and its prevention increases survival of toxin-sensitive cells.
Are Smoking Habits Changing among Spanish Health Professionals? Results from the SUN Cohort 1999–2008
Authors: Ruiz-Canela M. , Martínez-González M.A. , Burgo C. López-del , De Irala J. , Beunza J.J. , Bes-Rastrollo M.
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Smoking by health professionals is a very negative habit not only for their own health, but also because it diminishes their capacity to influence their smoker patients to quit their habits.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the trend of the smoking prevalence, as well as the impact of the 2005 Spanish Smoking Act, among healthcare professionals.

Methods

Participants were asked about their smoking consumption in the baseline and the follow-up questionnaires in a Spanish dynamic prospective cohort of university graduates (the SUN Project) from 1999 to 2008. Non-conditional logistic regression models were fit to assess the relationship between type of profession and prevalence of smoking.

Results

The proportion of current smokers at the entrance into the cohort was 16.4% for physicians, 20.8% for pharmacists, 23.4% for nurses and 24% for other university graduates. The risk of being current smoker (adjusted OR [95% CI]) was lower in physicians (0.68 [0.61–0.76]) but not in pharmacists (0.94 [0.84–1.06]) or nurses (0.94 [0.84–1.05]) compared to other university graduates. All professional groups presented a statistically significant decline of smoking prevalence from 1999 to 2008. This decline might be at least partly due to the impact of the Spanish legislation on their smoking habits.

Conclusion

This study shows a decline in smoking prevalence among Spanish physicians. This decline has reached lower levels than what is current among other professionals and the general population. However, there is still a high number of smokers among health professionals, thus more efforts are needed to achieve lower levels of tobacco consumption.
Design, Construction and Commissioning of the Braunschweig Icing Wind Tunnel
Authors: Bansmer Stephan E. , Baumert Arne , Sattler Stephan , Knop Inken , Leroy Delphine , Schwarzenboeck Alfons , Jurkat-Witschas Tina , Voigt Christiane , Pervier Hugo , Esposito Biagio
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Beyond its physical importance in both fundamental and climate research, atmospheric icing is considered as a severe operational condition in many engineering applications like aviation, electrical power transmission and wind-energy production. To reproduce such icing conditions in a laboratory environment, icing wind tunnels are frequently used. Creating and maintaining a stable icing cloud in the tunnel test section yields different design constraints compared to conventional wind tunnels. In this paper, a comprehensive overview on the design, construction and commissioning of the Braunschweig icing wind tunnel is given. The tunnel features a test section of 0.5 m x 0.5 m with peak velocities of up to 40 m/s. The static temperature ranges from −25 °C to +30 °C. Supercooled droplet icing with liquid water contents up to 3 g/m³ can be reproduced. Outstanding ability of the tunnel is to simulate ice crystal icing with natural ice crystals for ice water contents up to 20 g/m³. We further show, how current state-of-the-art measurement techniques for particle sizing perform on ice crystals. The data is compared to those of in-flight measurements in mesoscale convective cloud systems in tropical regions. Finally, some applications of the icing wind tunnel are mentioned.
Statistical analysis of the mesospheric inversion layers over two symmetrical tropical sites: Réunion (20.8° S, 55.5° E) and Mauna Loa (19.5° N, 155.6° W)
Authors: Bègue Nelson , Mbatha Nkanyiso , Bencherif Hassan , Loua René Tato , Sivakumar Venkataraman , Leblanc Thierry
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this investigation a statistical analysis of the characteristics of mesospheric inversion layers (MILs) over tropical regions is presented. This study involves the analysis of 16 years of lidar observations recorded at Réunion (20.8° S, 55.5° E) and 21 years of lidar observations recorded at Mauna Loa (19.5° N, 155.6° W) together with SABER observations at these two locations. MILs appear in 10 and 9.3 % of the observed temperature profiles recorded by Rayleigh lidar at Réunion and Mauna Loa, respectively. The parameters defining MILs show a semi-annual cycle over the two selected sites with maxima occurring near the equinoxes and minima occurring during the solstices. Over both sites, the maximum mean amplitude is observed in April and October, and this corresponds to a value greater than 35 K. According to lidar observations, the maximum and minimum mean of the base height ranged from 79 to 80.5 km and from 76 to 77.5 km, respectively. The MILs at Réunion appear on average ∼ 1 km thinner and ∼ 1 km lower, with an amplitude of ∼ 2 K higher than Mauna Loa. Generally, the statistical results for these two tropical locations as presented in this investigation are in fairly good agreement with previous studies. When compared to lidar measurements, on average SABER observations show MILs with greater amplitude, thickness and base altitudes of 4 K, 0.75 and 1.1 km, respectively. Taking into account the temperature error by SABER in the mesosphere, it can therefore be concluded that the measurements obtained from lidar and SABER observations are in significant agreement. The frequency spectrum analysis based on the lidar profiles and the 60-day averaged profile from SABER confirms the presence of the semi-annual oscillation where the magnitude maximum is found to coincide with the height range of the temperature inversion zone. This connection between increases in the semi-annual component close to the inversion zone is in agreement with most previously reported studies over tropics based on satellite observations. Results presented in this study confirm through the use of the ground-based Rayleigh lidar at Réunion and Mauna Loa that the semi-annual oscillation contributes to the formation of MILs over the tropical region.
OUTPACE long duration stations: physical variability, context of biogeochemical sampling, and evaluation of sampling strategy
Authors: de Verneil Alain , Rousselet Louise , Doglioli Andrea M. , Petrenko Anne A. , Maes Christophe , Bouruet-Aubertot Pascale , Moutin Thierry
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Research cruises to quantify biogeochemical fluxes in the ocean require taking measurements at stations lasting at least several days. A popular experimental design is the quasi-Lagrangian drifter, with in situ incubations that follow the flow of water over time. The ship then tracks the drifter because subsequent measurements are supposed to remain in the same water environment. An outstanding question is how to best determine whether this is true. During the Oligotrophy to UlTra-oligotrophy PACific Experiment (OUTPACE) cruise, from 18 February to 3 April 2015 in the western tropical South Pacific, three separate stations of long duration (five days) over the upper 500 m were conducted in this quasi-Lagrangian sampling scheme. Here we present physical data to provide context for these three stations and to assess whether the sampling strategy worked, i.e. that indeed a single body of water was sampled. After analyzing tracer variability and local water circulation at each station, we argue that, while no realization will be truly Lagrangian, all long duration three stations were conducted in their own sufficiently self-similar physical environment during OUTPACE. By directly addressing the concerns raised by these quasi-Lagrangian sampling platforms, a protocol of best practices can begin to be formulated so that future research campaigns include the complementary datasets and analyses presented here to verify the appropriate use of the drifter platform.
Climate signals in a multispecies tree-ring network from central and southern Italy and reconstruction of the late summer temperatures since the early 1700s
Authors: Leonelli Giovanni , Coppola Anna , Salvatore Maria Cristina , Baroni Carlo , Battipaglia Giovanna , Gentilesca Tiziana , Ripullone Francesco , Borghetti Marco , Conte Emanuele , Tognetti Roberto , Marchetti Marco , Lombardi Fabio , Brunetti Michele , Maugeri Maurizio , Pelfini Manuela , Cherubini Paolo , Provenzale Antonello , Maggi Valter
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A first assessment of the main climatic drivers that modulate the tree-ring width (RW) and maximum latewood density (MXD) along the Italian Peninsula and northeastern Sicily was performed using 27 forest sites, which include conifers (RW and MXD) and broadleaves (only RW). Tree-ring data were compared using the correlation analysis of the monthly and seasonal variables of temperature, precipitation and standardized precipitation index (SPI, used to characterize meteorological droughts) against each species-specific site chronology and against the highly sensitive to climate (HSTC) chronologies (based on selected indexed individual series). We find that climate signals in conifer MXD are stronger and more stable over time than those in conifer and broadleaf RW. In particular, conifer MXD variability is directly influenced by the late summer (August, September) temperature and is inversely influenced by the summer precipitation and droughts (SPI at a timescale of 3 months). The MXD sensitivity to August–September (AS) temperature and to summer drought is mainly driven by the latitudinal gradient of summer precipitation amounts, with sites in the northern Apennines showing stronger climate signals than sites in the south. Conifer RW is influenced by the temperature and drought of the previous summer, whereas broadleaf RW is more influenced by summer precipitation and drought of the current growing season. The reconstruction of the late summer temperatures for the Italian Peninsula for the past 300 years, based on the HSTC chronology of conifer MXD, shows a stable model performance that underlines periods of climatic cooling (and likely also wetter conditions) in 1699, 1740, 1814, 1914 and 1938, and follows well the variability of the instrumental record and of other tree-ring-based reconstructions in the region. Considering a 20-year low-pass-filtered series, the reconstructed temperature record consistently deviates < 1 °C from the instrumental record. This divergence may also be due to the precipitation patterns and drought stresses that influence the tree-ring MXD at our study sites. The reconstructed late summer temperature variability is also linked to summer drought conditions and it is valid for the west–east oriented region including Sardinia, Sicily, the Italian Peninsula and the western Balkan area along the Adriatic coast.
Idealized Models of the Joint Probability Distribution of Wind Speeds
Authors: Monahan Adam H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The joint probability distribution of wind speeds at two separate locations in space or points in time completely characterizes the statistical dependence of these two quantities, providing more information than linear measures such as correlation. In this study, we consider two models of the joint distribution of wind speeds obtained from idealized models of the dependence structure of the horizontal wind velocity components. The bivariate Rice distribution follows from assuming that the wind components have Gaussian and isotropic fluctuations. The bivariate Weibull distribution arises from power law transformations of wind speeds corresponding to vector components with Gaussian, isotropic, mean-zero variability. Maximum likelihood estimates of these distributions are compared using wind speed data from the mid-troposphere, from different altitudes at the Cabauw tower in the Netherlands, and from scatterometer observations over the sea surface. While the bivariate Rice distribution is more flexible and can represent a broader class of dependence structures, the bivariate Weibull distribution is mathematically simpler and may be more convenient in many applications. The complexity of the mathematical expressions obtained for the joint distributions suggests that the development of explicit functional forms for multivariate speed distributions from distributions of the components will not be practical for more complicated dependence structure or more than two speed variables.
The Attitudes of Fifth and Sixth Graders in Kuwait Governmental Schools towards Recreational and Academic Reading in English
Authors: Al-Adwani Amel M. , Al-Fadley Anaam
Published: November 2017

The current study is a quantitative research that examined the mean differences of the students’ attitude towards reading, based upon several demographic variables (such as gender, grade level and social media devices usage)The researchers used the Students’ Reading Attitude Survey (SRAS) as the dependent variable; the sample consisted of 812 young elementary students (from the 5th and 6th grade) randomly selected from public schools.The research findings revealed that Kuwaiti students possess favorable attitudes toward both leisure and academic reading. Girls showed more positive attitudes toward reading than boys did. Younger students from the 5th grade showed more positive attitude toward reading than those of the 6th grade. Nevertheless, the results indicated that having an account in Instagram, Snap chat, or YouTube, or possessing a smart device had a negative effect on attitudes towards reading.This study is expected to help curriculum designers, education policy makers, and English teachers to promote independent reading amongst school students and enable them to move beyond traditional books by encouraging them to form a community of life-long readers in the Arab world.
Ciencia-tecnología-sociedad: ¿Qué estamos haciendo en el ámbito de la investigación en educación en ciencias?
Authors: Strieder Roseline Beatriz , Bravo Torija Beatriz , Gil Quílez María José
Published: November 2017

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre cómo se aborda la ciencia-tecnología-sociedad (CTS) en la investigación en Didáctica de Ciencias en un contexto iberoamericano. Con la intención de considerar distintas realidades se analizan los artículos publicados en revistas del área de Brasil y España, identificando qué parámetros de CTS son los relevantes en dichas publicaciones. Aunque en Brasil se observa una mayor preocupación por el desarrollo tecnológico, en ambos países se plantean los problemas de CTS centrándose principalmente en presentar el conocimiento científico al alumnado, tratando las implicaciones sociales de forma poco crítica y superficial. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de introducir en las aulas la consideración de los propósitos del desarrollo científico-tecnológico y sus consecuencias sociales.
La geometría analítica en España durante el siglo XIX: estudio de las soluciones negativas de una ecuación
Authors: Sánchez Sierra Isabel M. , González Astudillo M. Teresa
Published: November 2017

Este artículo muestra el estudio e interpretación de las soluciones negativas de un problema geométrico presentes en los libros de texto de Geometría Analítica utilizados en España durante el siglo XIX. Mediante el análisis de contenido de once obras hemos identificado tres interpretaciones de las soluciones negativas: indican un cambio de posición, señalan un error en las hipótesis del problema o una posible modificación del enunciado que da lugar a un problema más general, o bien la existencia de una cantidad inversa.
Three Hundred Years of Crisis in Economic Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias
Authors: Tarp Sven
Published: November 2017

This article discusses the book Crises and Cycles in Economic Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias from a lexicographical point of view. Although the book is mainly written to people interested in the history of economics and the evolution of the two concepts mentioned in the title, its fresh approach places it directly, although incidentally, in the on-going discussion on the academic character of lexicography. After briefly presenting the main content of the book, the article discusses the relation between economics and lexicography from various angles. Finally, it points to some elements where the book may contribute to the enrichment of lexicographical theory.
Arte y acción social en prisiones. Diseñando un taller permanente, primeras experiencias.
Authors: Fernández Cedena Jorge
Published: November 2017

Resumen: El taller de expresión artística, del Centro Penitenciario Madrid IV en el municipio de Navalcarnero, es un proyecto de arte comunitario y educación artística realizado por alumnos voluntarios de la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Comparte objetivos con las prácticas del voluntariado y la acción social y pretende servir de apoyo a la reeducación e inclusión social de sus participantes. Tras una primera fase piloto se consideró la posibilidad de mantener el taller de forma permanente, estableciendo una segunda fase en cuyo análisis se centrará este artículo.Diversos estudios demuestran la eficacia de estos proyectos como herramienta de integración social en entornos de exclusión. Cooperar en dicha integración será el objetivo principal del mismo.Se tratade un proyecto de carácter experimental que continúa aún en marcha, por lo que nos encontramos ante sus primeras experiencias, las cuales servirán para sentar las bases de su futuro desarrollo. Lejos de ser un taller de manualidades al uso, las particularidades del contexto y la falta de recursos, conllevan una constante reconfiguración y adaptación a las circunstancias, por lo que será necesaria cierta experiencia y constancia para obtener un análisis eficaz del mismo y obtener firmes conclusiones. Palabras clave: educación artística, arte comunitario, inclusión social, acción social, centro penitenciario. Abstract: The Artistic Expression Workshop, held in the Madrid IV penitentiary centre in the Madrid town of Navalcarnero, is a community-based art and artistic education project carried out by voluntary students of the Fine Arts Faculty of the Complutense University of Madrid. This project shares goals with volunteer internship and social action programmes and intends to be a support to the re-education and social inclusion of all participants. After a first experimental phase, it was considered the possibility of setting up the workshop permanently, leading up to the second phase on the analysis of which, this article focuses.Several researches test the effectiveness of this type of projects as a tool for social integration in contexts of social exclusion. The main objective of this project is to cooperate in such integration. It is an experimental project which is still underway; and thus, these first experiences we are coming across will be the basis for its future development.Far from being a usual handicrafts workshop, the particularities of the context and the lack of resources entail a continuing need of reconfiguration and adaptation to the circumstances. Consequently, some degree of experience and perseverance will be necessary for an effective analysis and meaningful conclusions. Keywords: art education, community art, social inclussion, social action, prison.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.8.10020