bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of an E-whisker using a PVDF ring
Authors: Jiang Yani , Li Jialing , Wang Zhi , Qin Yongbin , Guo Guangming , Zheng Zaixiang , Bian Yixiang
Published: February 2021

Mammalian whiskers can perceive obstacles and airflows. In this study, an electronic whisker (E-whisker) sensor was designed and fabricated by setting a PVDF ring with symmetrical electrodes on the root of a fiber beam. Vibration displacements with different waveforms were applied at the free end of the E-whisker beam to study the relationship between the vibration displacements and the output signals. The E-whisker protrusion sensing ability was investigated by driving it to sweep through the surface of a base platform. A static E-whisker beam and a swinging E-whisker were then separately placed in a wind tunnel to detect the airflow perception of the sensor. The experimental results suggested that the E-whisker could sense the frequencies and amplitudes of displacements at its free end, the height and width of a platform or the heights of other irregular protrusions; the static E-whisker could sense the magnitude or direction of an impact airflow, while the swinging E-whisker could sense the magnitude of a constant airflow. Thus, this kind of E-whisker could perceive the environment and airflow through touch sensation and could be used as a physical model to study the principles and abilities of animal whiskers to perceive obstacles and airflows.
Mitigating sustainability tradeoffs as global fruit and vegetable systems expand to meet dietary recommendations
Authors: Stratton Anne Elise , Finley John W , Gustafson David I , Mitcham Elizabeth J , Myers Samuel S , Naylor Rosamond L , Otten Jennifer J , Palm Cheryl A
Published: February 2021

Recent analyses indicate that global fruit and vegetable (F&V) production will need to increase by 50%–150% by 2050 in order to achieve sustainable and healthy diets for 10 billion people. Although global production of F&V has grown by 50% during the last two decades alone, simply scaling up current systems of F&V production, supply chains, and consumption will inevitably worsen environmental and socioeconomic tradeoffs. This article examines three examples of important F&V—avocados, leafy greens, and tomatoes—to assess the global challenge of meeting dietary recommendations at affordable prices to consumers while sustaining producer livelihoods and minimizing environmental damage. These three cases highlight key characteristics of F&V systems that make the challenge of sustainable expansion especially difficult: knowledge-, input-, and labor-intensive production, high rates of food loss and waste, and low affordability to consumers relative to less nutrient-dense food groups. Our analysis shows that only by investing in innovations that increase diversity, integrate technology, and improve equity will truly sustainable expansion of F&V systems be possible.
Dominant contribution of nitrogen compounds in precipitation chemistry in the Lake Victoria catchment (East Africa)
Authors: Bakayoko Adama , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , Yoboué Véronique , Hickman Jonathan E , Roux Frank , Gardrat Eric , Julien Frédéric , Delon Claire
Published: February 2021

This work provides a complete chemical characterization of rains collected in the tropical rural site of Mbita (Kenya) on the shores of Lake Victoria (annual rainfall 1259.3 mm). We present a wet nitrogen deposition budget including inorganic and organic dissolved nitrogen in relation with atmospheric sources of gases and particles, precipitation rate and air mass transport. A unique 2 yr monitoring data set (2017–2019), providing 183 rain samples was collected and analyzed according to international standards (WMO/GAW). Considering that precipitation represents the largest contributor of water to the Lake Victoria (80%), this study gives new insights in the seasonality of nutrients wet deposition (WD) inputs in the unique natural resource represented by Lake Victoria and its catchment. Four main contributions to the chemical composition of precipitation, were identified: (a) a 28% terrigenous contribution related to crustal and biomass sources, (b) a 14% marine contribution related to Indian ocean air masses intrusion, (c) a 15% organic contribution due to volatile organic carbon emissions from biomass burning and vegetation and (d) a predominant nitrogenous contribution of 39% due to livestock and fertilizers, biomass burning and neighboring agricultural fires. Ammonium and nitrate volume weighed mean concentrations are 36.75 and 8.88 μeq l−1, respectively. Rain in Mbita is alkaline (pH = 5.8) highlighting neutralization by heterogeneous chemistry. Total nitrogen WD is 8.54 kgN ha−1 yr−1, 58 760 tN yr−1 for the entire lake, with 26% attributed to dissolved organic nitrogen. A total atmospheric deposition of 15 kgN ha−1 yr−1 is estimated taking into account dry deposition estimate from literature, showing that the Lake Victoria ecosystem is exposed to eutrophication. An extensive and regular monitoring of wet and dry nitrogen deposition is highly recommended both in-shore and off-shore to help improving the efficiency of nitrogen use in agricultural areas and reduce nitrogen losses around Lake Victoria.
Network analysis of the food–energy–water nexus in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt from a synergetic perspective
Authors: An Rihui , Liu Pan , Cheng Lei , Yao Minglei , Li He , Wang Yibo
Published: February 2021

Economic development, resource scarcity and climate change pose enormous challenges to the food–energy–water (FEW) nexus, calling for integrative resources governance to improve the synergy between subsystems. However, it is unclear about the synergy evolution of the FEW nexus in temporal and spatial scales. This paper uses the network analysis to explore the FEW nexus in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt. First, the comprehensive index system containing subsystems, order parameters and eigenvectors are determined in causal paths. Second, the synergetic network among order parameters is developed, and the centrality analysis is then conducted to identify the influencing factors. Third, the Bayesian network among eigenvectors is constructed to analyze the sensitivity of the dominant influencing factors. The results show that: (a) Energy subsystem has the highest centralities and dominates the FEW nexus. (b) From the perspective of time variability, the network centralization reaches the highest in 2007, but reaches the lowest in 2013, showing a downward trend, so we should adhere to the national strategy of synergetic development to realize the resource sustainability. (c) From the perspective of spatial sensitivity, upper reach (UR) is sensitive to food-related factors while lower reach (LR) is sensitive to energy-related factors. Therefore, the development of agriculture in upper UR should focus on protection, and the development of industry in LR should focus on remediation. The significance of the research is to construct a network analysis framework for better understanding the spatio-temporal variability of the FEW nexus in Yangtze River Economic Belt.
Fast classification of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars based on fragrance and environmental origins by means of near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Munawar A A , Sabaruddin Z
Published: February 2021

Presented paper aimed to investigate the application of near infrared spectroscopy as a fast and robust approach in distinguishing two different rice cultivars based on their fragrance character. Spectra data of rice samples were acquired and recorded in wavenumbers range of 4000-10 000 cm−1 with co-added of 32 scans and 4x optical gain. Further, multivariate analysis in form of principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to classify those samples based on near infrared optical properties. The result showed that both rice cultivars can be precisely clustered and discriminated with total explained variance of 100% using first two principal components (PC). The respective chemical parameters of these differences are fiber content, carbohydrates, amylose content and fragrance. The mentioned three parameters were vibrated strongly in wavenumbers 4260, 7512 and 7900 cm−1 for carbohydrates, amylose and fragrance, while for fiber content, it vibrated at 5183 cm−1 respectively. Based on obtained results, it may conclude that near infrared spectroscopy approach is able to classify and discriminate rice cultivars based on their fragrance by means of spectral optic properties in near infrared region.
Chemical contents and thermal stability of Madu bamboo (Gigantochloa albociliata) for natural-bonded fiber composites
Authors: Yusoff M S R , Bahari S A , Haliffuddin R M A A , Zakaria M N , Jamaluddin M A , Rashid N H M N
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical contents and thermal stability of young (3 years old or less) and matured (more than 5 years old) Madu Bamboo (Gigantochloa albociliata). The comprehensive knowledge of these properties will help to promote the uses of this bamboo’s fiber for natural-bonded composite products. The different age levels of bamboo can be an indicator in evaluating the significant difference of the chemical contents and thermal stability of bamboo. The chemical contents were determined in accordance to the standard outline in Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) test method, while thermal stability was conducted in accordance to Shimadzu TGA 50 analyzer. The culm exhibited different chemical contents between young and old age, in which, young bamboo showed higher hot water extractives and ash contents compared to mature bamboo. On the other hand, matured bamboo contained higher alcohol-toluene extractives, holocellulose, a-cellulose and lignin than young ones. Hence, more resin and possible wood gum in matured bamboo that is beneficially in natural bonded composite product. The thermal analysis of extracted bamboo fiber indicated the thermal degradation behavior of both young and matured bamboo with the same species. The maximum temperature degradation of both young and matured bamboos was 413°C and 404°C. Therefore, matured bamboo was degraded at lower temperature compared to young bamboo, which indicates lower thermal stabilities. The result of this study reported that young bamboo ofG. albociliataspecies is acceptable to be harvested at young ages for reinforcement in natural bonded composite board, according to their thermal stabilities and chemical contents.
Suitability analysis of scrubland for arabica and robusta coffee plants in Aceh Besar Regency
Authors: Fachruddin F , Fadhil R , Syafriandi  , Dahlan D
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to analyze the land suitability for arabica (Coffea arabica) and robusta (Coffea canephora) coffee in scrubland in Aceh Besar Regency. This was implemented because the potential area of scrubs that were not utilized properly in Aceh Besar Regency reached 2,5330.6 ha. The data used in this study were secondary data and primary data, while data processing techniques were carried out by analyzing climate data, determining land map units, and taking soil samples in the field. Stages of combining several parameters were done by using Quantum GIS (QGIS) software using matching between land characteristics and land suitability class criteria. The results showed that the suitability of scrublands for coffee cultivation in the scrublands of Aceh Besar Regency was more suitable for robusta coffee cultivation, where after the improvement process was done, the potential land suitability to be moderately suitable (S2) with an area of 13,240.8 ha (52.3%), according to marginally suitable (S3) covering an area of 11,982 ha (47.3%) and not suitable (N) only an area of 107.8 ha (0.4%). The unsuitability limiting factor (N) for robusta coffee cultivation was only found at SPL 2 with Slope Class inhibition> 40%. As for the suitability of scrubland for Arabica coffee cultivation in Aceh Besar Regency, it had a fairly severe limiting factor on all land map units (SPL), including parameters of average temperature and altitude with no suitable class category (N), so the improvement process could not be done.
Study of changes in physical and chemical properties of corn during drying and storage process using a modified in-store dryer
Authors: Nurba D , Agustina R , Zahara M
Published: February 2021

In-Store Dryer (ISD) is a dryer with a convective system for grain that also serves as a storage. This research was conducted to study the effect of drying and storage—In-Store Dryer (ISD) on maize's physical and chemical properties. Carried out a 200 kg maize capacity test with 60 cm material stack thickness divided into three layers of piles with a thickness of each layer is 20 cm. Drying occurs at the average drying temperature of 38,6°C with an average RH environment of 76,8% and an average RH of dryer space of 52,2%. Drying for 32 hours using ISD can dry the maize with the pre-drying material's initial moisture content of 20.14% to 13.56%, the right water content for storage. The drying process can affect ash, fat, protein, and maize fiber's physical and chemical composition. The chemical composition on the pre-drying are: Ash content 0,72%, Fat content 5,62%, Protein 7,64% and Fiber 2,81%. The maize's chemical components undergo post-drying change to become: Ash content 0,8%, Fat content 5,11%, Protein 7,82%, and Fiber 2,52%. The changing of all components is affected by temperature during the drying process, causing a decrease in water content, affecting other chemical components. The analysis result of maize's nutritional components after drying and storage for 30 days using the In-Store Dryer can maintain maize quality. The analysis result of each component that is the Water Content 11.98%, Ash 1.13%, Fat 5.03%, Protein 8, 05%, and 1.8% fiber, and this is by the provisions of SNI 01-4483-1998 for animal feed.
Study of life cycle assessment in biodiesel production from crude palm oil and its benefits for the sustainability of oil palm industry in Aceh province Indonesia
Authors: Siregar K , Sofyan H , Nasution I S , Ichwana R , Syafriandi S , Sholihati  , Sofiah I , Miharza T
Published: February 2021

LCA is a method used to quantificate impact especially environmental aspect from production of product. The environmental impact that can be calculated by LCA is very diverse, approximately 18 impacts, which called midpoint impact. The most commonly calculated impact is GWP, which is derived from GHG emissions. In Indonesia LCA began to develop and be used by govermnet or industry to calculate impact from their activities especially production of product. One of the industry that use LCA is palm oil industry. Indonesia palm oil is criticsm from both domestic and international level because of the environmental impact and unsustainable. However, production of biodiesel from CPO in Indonesia can reduced emission is 47 % if we compare to diesel fuel. Even though the source of the energy is considered as carbon neutral, the production path can emit various environmentally hazardous gasses. Scientific approach through Life Cycle Assessment can be used as a tool to assess this issue. Number of LCA study on Indonesian biodiesel production come up with different result. This difference could be due to data inconsistency and did not present the actual condition found in the field. According to those aforementioned situations, an effort to address this issue should be conducted by identifying and presenting actual condition of Indonesian palm oil estate. This study is aimed to analyze implementation of life cycle assessment for oil palm industry from oil palm cultivation to biodiesel combustion in vehicle (upstream to downstream) in Indonesia
Palm sugar production from Palm tree in Gerenggam village environment, Aceh
Authors: Yuzan Wardhana M , Hakim Lukman , Afkar Nailil , Sari Ira Mayam , Saiful Bahri T. , Zulkarnain
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) in increasing the production of brown sugar from palm oil and to formulate alternative strategic priorities in increasing palm sugar production in the palm oil palm sugar home industry. The study was conducted in Gerenggam village, Kejuruan Muda District, Aceh Tamiang Regency, in May 2019. The analysis was carried out using IFE/EFE analysis, SWOT analysis, and QSPM analysis. The results of the study indicate that there are internal factors consisting of five strengths and five weaknesses, external factors consisting of five opportunities, and five threats that affect the increase in production in the palm sugar home industry. The strategy obtained to increase the palm sap production is an aggressive strategy (SO) that is using power to get the opportunities available, the results of the QSPM analysis are the priority strategies that must be implemented to establish and enhance cooperation with the government in the use of room processing machines for efficient use of labor with the highest total TAS of 6.160.
Environment control for beef freezing simulation and determination of thermal characteristics
Authors: Iskandar C D , Munawar A A , Lubis T M , Zainuddin
Published: February 2021

Beef is a meat products obtained from cows which is commonly used for food consumption. To determine the optimum freezing, we have to recognize the freezing rate and heat properties of the product during the freezing process. The aim of this study is to simulate the heat properties and determine optimum rate and time of beef freezing. In compiling simulation program, the programming algorithm is based on mathematical models used to control the surrounding environment for beef freezing purpose. The simulation results showed that during freezing, the temperature continues to decrease from the freezing point of water to the desired final freezing temperature. In this process, water undergoes a phase change from a liquid phase to a solid phase which is marked by the formation of ice crystals. It may conclude that the simulation algorithm can predict changes in the thermal properties of beef during freezing where based on changes in its characteristics the freezing of beef begins to change its thermal properties at the initial freezing temperature of -1.5°C.
Study on shallow borehole Water blowout genesis based on geo-chemical properties from affected dug wells water
Authors: Dharma D B , Rizal S , Umar M , Iskandar I , Devianti  , Idroes R
Published: February 2021

This present study aimed to investigate the shallow borehole water blowout genesis based on geochemical properties from affected dug Well. A geochemical study was performed on dug well samples at the local community houses, namely SG-01, SG-02, SG-03, located around the blowout areas. The results showed that those three respective samples clustered onto two groups of water types, namely calcium bicarbonate in SG-01 and SG-02 and mixed types for SG-03, respectively. Moreover, the dissolved metal analysis did not show high concentration anomalies, whilst cation concentrations of the three samples are dominated by calcium, which is suspected from the rock dissolution process. The dominant anion is bicarbonate for SG-01 and SG-02, while the SG-03 sample is dominated by sulfate. The cross plot between the two isotope ratios with the global meteoric water line shows the isotope values of the SG-01 and SG-02 that are right on the global meteoric water line while SG-03 falls slightly above it.
Removal of Cr(III) and other pollutants from tannery wastewater by Moringa stenopetela seed
Authors: Islam M D , Rahaman A , Mahdi M M , Mallik D
Published: February 2021

The tanneries release a substantial amount of trivalent chromium with wastewater that bring about serious environmental pollution problem and health hazards without proper treatment. Therefore, the chromium concentration should be kept permissible in tannery effluent. In this study, the dried Moringa stenopetela seed was used as bio-adsorbent for the removal of Cr(III) from tannery effluent. Different adsorption parameters viz. pH, adsorbent dosage, initial chrome concentration, etc. were studied for optimizing the adsorption process. The sorption mechanism was described by various isotherm models and physicochemical parameters like turbidity, conductivity and TDS were also tested after treatment. The analyses showed that the percentage of Cr(III) removal (82.93%) was obtained at pH 3, adsorbent dosage 20g(mg/l), initial concentration 1123.3mg/l, for contact time 12hours at ambient temperature. The adsorption process followed Langmuir isotherm model. Additionally, the reduction in physicochemical parameters e.g. turbidity (67.68%-72.70%), conductivity (72.88%-80.99%) and TDS (71.96%-83.33%) was found satisfactory and the values were closed to the permissible limit set by DoE. Therefore, dry Moringa stenopetela seeds can be successfully used as a low-cost tannery effluent treatment agent to reduce the environmental threats caused by harmful tannery effluents.
Fast and contactless assessment of intact mango fruit quality attributes using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
Authors: Kusumiyati  , Munawar A A , Suhandy D
Published: February 2021

In recent decades, the development of fast, non-destructive and robust methods to determine agricultural products quality parameters become interesting and gaining more attentions in term of their potential applications in many field. One of those methods is near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) which is works based on the interaction of biological matter with light radiation. The main purpose of this present study is to employ the NIRS method in assessing mango fruit quality parameters in form of soluble solids content (SSC) and vitamin C. Spectra data of absorbance NIR were acquired in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm with optical gain 4x and resolution windows 0.02 nm. Prediction models were developed using partial least square regression (PLSR) followed by 10-fold cross validation. The results showed that both SSC and vitamin C of mango fruit can be determined simultaneously with maximum correlation coefficient are 0.88 and 0.87 for SSC and vitamin C respectively. Judging from its predictive abilities, it may conclude that NIRS can be used as fast and contactless method in assessing mango fruit quality parameters like SSC and vitamin C.
Motion and postural risk analysis for agricultural soil pivot type trailer hitching system on two-wheel tractor
Authors: Dhafir M , Safrizal  , Idkham M , Munawar A A
Published: February 2021

The operation of a conventional trailer on a two-wheeled tractor shows that it is ergonomically risky, especially during turns, where the Rapid Upper Limbs Assessment (RULA) analysis shows a very high level of risk, namely the level of action 4, which requires immediate investigation and repair because it can cause injury to the operator. Modifications that have been made are the design of the pivot-type trailer towing system on two wheels that can improve operator comfort. This study aims to analyse the motion and posture of the operator in the operation of a pivot-type trailer on a two-wheeled tractor using the RULA method. The sample consisted of 4 operators representing the 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles of Indonesians, the operator video recording data when operating the tractor and trailer with various track conditions, loads, speed, straight motion or turns were collected. Analysis of the operators was carried out quantitatively, namely the RULA method. The results of the RULA analysis show that in the operation of the pivot-type trailer hitching system, it has a score of 3 for straight motion and a score of 4 for turning movements, so the level of action required is 2 which means further investigation is needed. The RULA analysis shows that the pivot-type trailer hitching system has succeeded in improving the RULA score compared to conventional trailers so as to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) to the operator.
Morphological and physiological change of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under water stress at early season
Authors: Ichsan Cut Nur , Bakhtiar  , Efendi  , Sabaruddin
Published: February 2021

Water stress is a major factor affecting rice production. Water stress causes changes in physiology and morphology for plant tolerance to water stress. In this study, six varieties were examined for their tolerance to water stress. The check varieties for comparisons of tolerant, moderate tolerant and sensitivity to water stress, namely Situ Patenggang, Towuti and IR 64; while the test varieties in this study are three Aceh rice traditional varieties. Water stress significantly influences the number of tillers, length of internode, proline, chlorophyll a, b and the total content, leaf rolling, drying score and leaf recovery, in which the changes occur varies among varieties, in vegetative stages. Chlorophyll is the main indicator of rice tolerance to drought in the early season of the rice growing season. Varieties that have good adaptation to water stress are able to maintain their chlorophyll content. Leaf rolling, drying score and recovering from water stress show a small difference between three comparative varieties and three rice traditional varieties of Aceh in vegetative stage. To overcome water stress, it is necessary to change rice cultivation by adjusting planting time, planting season, using water stress tolerant varieties, traditional varieties and national superior varieties; changes in irrigation and fertilization management.
Verification of Experimental Hysteresis Loops for Exterior Beam-Column Joint Under Lateral Cyclic Load
Authors: Hadi N D , Hamid N H
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the verification of experimental to modelled hysteresis loops for exterior beam-column joint tested under lateral cyclic loading. The reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joint was designed using Eurocode 8 and equipped with fuse bars as energy dissipators. The specimen was tested under lateral cyclic loading under controlled displacement (drift). The purpose of this study is to ensure a good agreement from both works is achieved. The exterior beam-column joint modelled hysteresis loops were carried out using HYSTERES Program which is one of the modelling programs under the Ruamoko 2D program. The verification was done by comparing the parameters of experimental hysteresis loops to modelled hysteresis loops. The response of the specimen was compared in terms of equivalent viscous damping, stiffness and ductility. Low percentage differences indicate good agreement between the two hysteresis loops.
Packaging strategies in Gayo arabica ground coffee
Authors: Safrizal  , Fadhil R , Nurba D
Published: February 2021

Coffee has become a distinctive feature of the Province of Aceh, so many shops have made coffee a commodity that is traded, packaging is one of the things that are attractive to consumers to buy coffee that is available. The packaging has several parameters that are considered, including writing design, packaging form, trademark, packaging color, packaging material and other parameters. The purpose of this study is to obtain a sequence of packaging parameters that are important to consider when making coffee packaging so that it attracts consumers. The research was conducted by direct interview with the owner and shopkeeper and questionnaires. The results showed that the trademark is the coffee consumer's first consideration in choosing packaged coffee, further researched, the trademark which included the name of a place famous for coffee became the first consideration.
Advisory innovation model on Indonesian farmers corporation’s development
Authors: Mardiharini M , Hanifah V W , Dewi Y A
Published: February 2021

Indonesian agriculture development requires the effort to accelerate adoption of innovation and increase farm productivity. One approach through farmers corporation’s development had been carried out by the Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIATs). This study aimed to identify the performance of advisory innovation and to formulate alternative models for accelerating the adoption process. The research was conducted from June to December 2019 through e-survey addressed to the implementing team in 33 provinces (64 respondents), and qualitative data collections in four provinces. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square. The results showed that advisory activities have referred to government regulations by prioritizing locations and commodities. Implementation of advisory activities were still focused on improving cultivation and post-harvest technology, and did not address specifically on institutional innovation to build farmers corporations. Characteristics of advisory activities varied among locations, relating to the budget allocation. There was an increase in adoption and diffusion innovations, and farm productivity. The role of AIATs has not been seen in the development of a broader scale. Fit model (AVE > 0.5 and CR > 0.7) in advisory showed the importance of improved internal management at AIATs, the need for synchronizing programs, and the policy support.
Comparative analysis of coffee preference in Jatinangor
Authors: Rasmikayati E , Saefudin B R , Wardhana M Y , Baihaqi A
Published: February 2021

The growth of coffee shops in Jatinangor continues to increase along with the higher public interest to consume coffee. The competition between coffee shops has become tighter. The coffee shops use various marketing mix strategies to increase customer satisfaction. This study aims to analyzing and comparing the consumers behavior and the level of consumer satisfaction to the marketing mix strategy of two coffee shop. The study is designed quantitatively by comparing two coffee shops i.e. long-running and newer coffee shops. The location of the study is determined purposively, namely Belike Coffee and Balad Coffee Works with samples size of 50 people at Belike Coffee and 60 people at Balad Coffee Works. Data were analyzed using crosstabulation analysis and scoring techniques. The results showed that the segmentation of Belike Coffee consumer is mostly college students who visited to enjoy the delicious taste of coffee while watching live shows together, meeting or doing assignments. While the consumers behavior of Balad Coffee Works is mostly college students who want to enjoy the delicious taste of coffee and a comfortable coffee drinking atmosphere. The level of customer satisfaction of Belike Coffee is better than Balad Coffee Works in aspect of affordability of prices, while Balad Coffee Works is better at Belike Coffee in the aspect of products and services. Meanwhile, from the aspects of location strategic, promotion, process, and physical evidence, both have the same level of customer satisfaction in the range of good to very good.
Environmental friendly packaging based on rice liquid as edible film: a feasibility study
Authors: Ratna  , Rizkinazar P , Sari S P
Published: February 2021

Rice liquid is the water obtained from the process of washing rice. This waste is easy to get because Indonesian people tend to eat rice as their main staple food which results in a lot of rice liquid. The rice liquid waste can be used as the main ingredient of an edible film. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of sorbitol concentration on the characteristics of the edible film from rice liquid waste which includes thickness, tensile strength, elongation and water vapor transmission rate. The method used in this study is one-way ANOVA completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 variations of sorbitol concentrations, they are: 2%, 4%, and 6% and was carried out three times. The data obtained from the research were then analyzed at a significant level of P<0.05. The parameters tested include thickness, tensile strength, elongation and water vapor transmission rate. The research data shows that the thickness values obtained are between 0.01367 mm - 0.2453 mm, tensile strength values range from 180.61 kgf.cm−2 -159.28 kgf.cm−2, elongation between 190.613% - 186.920%, and water vapor transmission rates between 1.3004 g.m−2.h−1- 4.6444 g.m−2.h−1. The addition of sorbitol variation does not have significant effect (P>0.05) on the tensile strength, elongation and water vapor transmission rate, but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the thickness of the edible film. A good variation of sorbitol by producing a good edible film made from rice liquid waste is a variation of sorbitol with a sorbitol concentration of 2%.
Development of e-journal system in South Aceh Polytechnic using web based application
Authors: Asmaidi  , Ihsan M A , Putra D S , Zulfa M , Rusnanda R , Kartawijaya M
Published: February 2021

Student publication organizing application is an application used to assist officers in the process of managing web-based student publication journals. The mechanism of this research was made iteratively from the process of making software requirements specifications, analyzing system requirements, then proceed to the system design stage, use case and flowchart design, database design, and interface design, then followed by developing applications and closed with testing. The programming languages used are PHP, HTML, and MySQL databases. The results of this study are the document design and application organizing of student publications. The application of this student publication organizing application can improve the quality of the scientific journal organizing process at the South Aceh Polytechnic more systematic and organized to achieve efficiency and improve publication to be global.
Characterization of qualitative and quantitative characters of the hybridized chili (Capsicum sp) genotype C10 × C2
Authors: Hafsah S , Bakhtiar  , Rahmawati M , Nura  , Firdaus
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the diversity of qualitative and quantitative characters of hybridized chili plants The research was carried out at the Screen House of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh from April to December 2019. The genotypes used in this research were hybridized chili (IPB C2, IPB C10, F1 C10×C2, BCP1 (C10×C2)×C10, BCP2 (C10×C2)×C2, F2(C10×C2). The Completely Randomized Non Factorial Design was used only for the placement of plant in the field. Data analysis was performed by calculating the average value, variance, and standard deviation. The results showed that the quantitative characters that could be made as selection characters were plant height, and number of fruit per plant. There is diversity in the qualitative character, the shape of lancet leaves are dominant to the shape of oval leaves. This can be seen in IPB C2, F1 (C10 × C2), BCP1 (C10 × C2) × C10 has the shape of a lancet leaf. On IPB C10 has an oval leaf shape then for BCP2 (C10 × C2) × C2 dan F2 (C10 × C2) have the same shape as oval and lancet leaves. Diversity is also seen in the position of flowers there are three types, namely upright, semi-erect and dangling, but all genotypes have the shape of elongate fruit. The result of this research showed the quantitative characters that can be used as selection characters were plant height and fruit number per plant.
Non-linear equity model for measuring patchouli oil at various levels
Authors: Juanda  , Sutiarso L , Maksum M , Ismoyowati D
Published: February 2021

Indonesian patchouli agroindustry involving many actors is one of the sectors that should be developed because it supplies most of the global patchouli oil. One thing that should be considered in the agroindustry development is the inequity of benefits among actors involved. The inequity is assumed to have made producers (farmers/distillers), as very decisive parties in the fulfillment of global market demands, i.e. the stability of supply and quality assurance of oil, unable to fulfill it. The main objective of this research is to develop a non-linear equity model to measure patchouli oil sales price at various transaction levels in order to ensure that all local value chain actors, especially farmers, distillers, and middlemen, get an equivalent ratio of benefits over their expenses. The return on investment (ROI) was chosen as an indicator because with the same ROI it can explain that each type of business in the patchouli value chain has the same attractiveness for investment, and all actors will get an equal ratio benefit (net profit) over their expenses (costs). The research was done in Gayo Lues District, Indonesia. Research findings recommend that to produce equal benefit among the actors, sales price per kg oil must be about IDR 536,718.55 for farmers; IDR 565,360.71for distillers and medium middlemen and IDR 595,565.95 for middlemen.
Irrigation control system design for paddy field by means of internet of things
Authors: Khairuman  , Satria E , Anugreni F , Asmaidi  , Rusnanda R , Barus E S , Yuna A , Arifa M
Published: February 2021

During this time the control of the water level that is done is still using manual tools in the form of floodgates placed between rice fields and irrigation. Given the importance of controlling and monitoring the level of irrigation water in rice fields, the authors get the idea to create a control system to close the irrigation floodgates on rice fields for farmers. In addition to notification in the form of a SMS (Short Message Service) reply to the telegram application, the open and close irrigation door system in paddy fields is a major alternative that is very useful for farmers to prevent crop failures if the water in the paddy fields exceeds the limit. In this system utilizing the work of ultrasonic sensors to measure any changes in water level in the paddy fields, then the data will be received and processed in the nodemcu and water level notifications will be sent to the telegram, to drive the irrigation door on the paddy using a servo motor that will open and close the irrigation door on rice fields automatically according to the conditions specified. if the water level is <2 cm, the irrigation door will open, the buzzer will not sound. And if the water level below> 2 cm, the irrigation door will be closed, the buzzer will sound as a sign that the water needs in the field are sufficient. While the notification in the form of an sms will be sent to the telegram.
The effect of mixing two herbicides pendimethalin and sulfentrazone on characteristics of soybean yield
Authors: Hasanuddin  , Hafsah S , Marliah A , Jumini  , Wansurianika  , Idawanni  , Aryani D S
Published: February 2021

Mixing two or more herbicides is one of efforts to increase herbicide efficacy in controlling weeds, where this weed control is needed to improve soybean yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective dose of mixing herbicides pendimethalin and sulfentrazone and to evaluate its effect to weeds and soybean yield. This study was conducted in June to September 2019, using Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 8 treatments. Variables observed were weed dry weight, phytotoxicity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds and dry seed yield. The results revealed that the application of mixed herbicides pendimethalin and sulfentrazone gave an effect to weed dry weight, phytotoxity, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds and dry seed yield. The application of 1 kg b.a ha−1 pendimethalin and 0.5 kg b.a ha−1 has decreased the weed dry weight and phytotoxicity. However, it has also increased the seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds and dry seed yield.
Determining rice production and distribution in Aceh province
Authors: Bahri T S , Hakim D B , Juanda B , Sahara
Published: February 2021

Attention to the capacity of Rice Milling Companies is very important because this company is the main business actor that creates added value. However, there is currently no knowledge of the relationship between the capacity of rice millers and business performance Comprehensive information about the value chain also provides a direction for investment options/opportunities, where this can be found in high value added activities. This investment opportunity is apparently not being taken advantage of by business actors in the Province, the obstacles they face need to be investigated, whether it is related to financing or regulations that may not yet support the development of the business. Based on value chain analysis, it can be concluded that. Pidie regency is the area with the greatest added value and Aceh Utara Regency is the region with the smallest added value because more of its rice production is sold outside the Regency, considering that in this region the rice processing industry has not yet developed. Rice milling provides the greatest added value in the rice value chain
Ash content of candlenut shell charcoal produced by candlenut shell carbonization tool using a vertical multi chambers
Authors: Amri A , Lindawati L , Fitriani F
Published: February 2021

Candlenut shell, as one of biomass that has not optimally utilized, can be converted into charcoal which potentially increase its value. Candlenut shell carbonization tool using a vertical multi chambers is a tool that designed to convert candlenut shell into charcoal. The quality of the resulted charcoal remains unknown. This research aims to identify one of the quality variable of the charcoal which is ash content. The method used in the research was Gravimetric Analysis. Three samples from each carbonization chamber were taken to be analysed. As the tool has three carbonization chambers, the samples are 9 in total. The result showed that every chambers has different amount of ash content which are 2.167 % in CCI, 1.020 % in CC II and 4.687 % in CC III. In average, the ash content in candlenut charcoal resulted from Candlenut shell carbonization tool using a vertical multi chambers is 2.624 %. Hence, the tool managed to meet the SNI charcoal quality requirement in term of ash content which may not exceed 6 %.
Comparison of radical scavenging activity of commercial Arabica and Robusta coffee based on roasting method and brewing condition
Authors: Hasni D , Safriani N , Nilda C , Rahmad D , Aneiza R
Published: February 2021

Coffee is a pleasurable beverage which worls widely consumed. Commercial coffee Commercial coffee comes from two species of coffee plant which is Arabica and Robusta coffee. Currently antioxidant activity in coffee is a popular topic which is obtained from drinking coffee that has passed through the complex stages of processes. In Banda Aceh, coffee drinking habits is obtained from coffee shops scattered throughout the nine districts, while drinking coffee considered as a necessity and tradition that has been handed down over the centuries. Each traditional coffee shop has a coffee featured with unique roasting and brewing methods. This study aims to identify the antioxidant activity in commercial Arabica and Robusta grounded coffee based on roasting method (torrefacto and conventional) and brewing (manual and cooked) condition. This research was conducted using Factorial Random Block Design with 3 replications, then it continued with Least Significance Difference (LSD). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed coffee varieties and the brewing condition and interaction within three variables have very significant influence (P≤0,01) while roasting methods significantly influenced (P≤0,05) the total phenolic content of coffee drinks. The study also showed that brewed coffee drink has higher total phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to cooked coffee drink. Commercial Arabica coffee, which is torrefacto roasted and manually brewed has 127.58 phenol GAE / ml total phenol, antioxidant activity 46.89% and IC50 value of 254.89 ppm. On the other hand, commercial Robusta coffee which accepted similar treatment is slightly higher, 141.10 GAE / ml total phenol and the antioxidant activity of 50.88%. To sum up in this research, commercial robusta coffee, which is torrefacto roasted and manually brewed has higher antioxidant activity than other variety.
Effect of the compost mixer machine on the quality of compost made from shredded oil palm fronds (OPF)
Authors: Bulan R , Sitorus A , Ruslan
Published: February 2021

In general, the composting process made from oil palm fronds (OPF) is to reduce their size, mixing, and fermentation. One of the essential factors composting process is a mixed uniform between shredded OPF with other raw materials. In this paper, we discuss the quality of compost, which is stirred using a compost mixer machine (drum rotary double helix type). Composting methods chosen are natural inoculum and bokashi inoculum. Rotational speed of the mixer is applied at the levels of 100 rpm, 300 rpm, and 500 rpm. Parameters such as compost mass and temperature are recorded every five days for 60 days of composting duration. The N, P, K content, and C/N ratio were analyzed for 30 days and 60 days of composting duration. A total of 5 kg of mixed raw material was composted. Maximum temperatures recorded during the composting process of natural inoculum and bokashi methods were 35°C, 40°C, respectively. Mass loss of the two composting methods is 75%. A composting method, rotation speed, and composting duration do not significantly affect to achieve the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) quality of composting. Therefore, the use of various types of composting methods, low rotational speed compost mixer machine, and short composting duration can be applied to making compost using this machine.
Cutting sugarcane stumps with serrated cylindrical blades on ratoon cane
Authors: Syafriandi  , Putra B S , Fachruddin  , Fitra A
Published: February 2021

Cutting the sugarcane stump is one of the important activities in the ratoon sugarcane cultivation. Cutting the remaining sugarcane stump is done after harvest to grow new shoots. Cutting the sugarcane stump is usually done lower than the ground level. Cutting can be done manually or mechanically. The low productivity of ratoon cane can be caused by, among others, a lot of stumps that break, the time of cutting, shallow roots in the plants, and the lack of care in the plants. The cutting machine or stubble shaver used in sugar cane plantations have several disadvantages including inprecise blade design and the result of many stumps being broken so that productivity is low. The purpose of this study was to test the Serrated Cylindrical blades that rotate vertically to cut sugarcane stumps. As for the observations made the mound cutting profile, the percentage of stumps that broke, and the shoots productivity. The highest result of unbroken sugarcane stump in the second mound was 85.19%, then the first mound was 79.63% and then the third mound was 75.93%. The results of the growth of the number of shoots at 7 days after cutting in the first mound was 46 shoots, then the second mound was 43 shoots, and then the third mound was 34 shoots.
Optimization of Machining Parameters in Blisk Processing Based on Tool Reliability
Authors: Zhang N , Wu D W , Jiang G J
Published: February 2021

Machining parameters are essential factors affecting the machining efficiency and tool life. Tool reliability varies with the process. Tool reliability affects the life of the tool, and then impacts the processing quality and manufacturing cost. Therefore, machining parameters optimization considering tool reliability is essential and scientific. In this paper, firstly the reliability model of tool life was solved by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Then taking the average tool life as the constrain condition, a multi-objective optimization algorithm that integrates the gray correlation analysis (GRA), radial basis neural network(RBF) and particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm (GRA-RBF-PSO) was used to search for optimal machining parameters of blisk-tunnel processing. At last, experiments were carried out to validate optimized results. The experimental results indicated that the reliability-based optimization of machining parameters can effectively improve the tool life and as well as ensure smaller cutting force and larger material removal rate during blisk-tunnel processing.