bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate and Atlantic sea-level recorded in Southwestern Spain from 6.3 to 5.2 Ma. Inferences on the Messinian Crisis in the Mediterranean.
Authors: Suc Jean-Pierre , Fauquette Séverine , Warny Sophie , Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo , Do Couto Damien
Published: September 2023

The Mio-Pliocene succession of Andalusia on the Atlantic coast (Guadalquivir Basin) is known as one of the former stratotype candidate for the Andalusian Stage, proposed during the seventies as the last stage of the Miocene. Its type section is located in Carmona, east of Seville. Our investigation includes the drilling of three cored boreholes, which provide bio- and magnetic-stratigraphic data in complement to pre-existing industrial information, and a high-resolution palynological analysis (pollen grains, spores and dinoflagellate cysts). The pollen flora and its climatic quantification provide the mean to correlate the section to the oxygen isotope curve from the Montemayor-1 borehole, located about 80 km to the West of Carmona. The variations in the ratio between dinoflagellate cysts and pollen grains are used to identify high and low oceanic levels, consistently with a recent paleobathymetric reconstruction based on foraminifera: the two lowest levels being successively marked by the deposit of a littoral calcarenite (the Calizza Tosca Formation) then by a subaerial erosive episode. Based on the correlation with the Montemayor-1 regional drilling, the two major lowerings in oceanic level observed at Carmona are linked with the two episodes of the Messinian Crisis. The interlocking position of the high-energy sandstone deposits inscribed in the Messinian valley leads to an assessment of a drop in the global oceanic level of about 114 m at the beginning of the paroxysm of the Messinian Crisis, amplitude to be moderated with respect to the potential effect of isostatic readjustements due to the Messinian Crisis. Comparisons are discussed with the amplitude of the Messinian Erosional Surface in the West-Alboran Basin which potentially remained suspended and fed with Atlantic waters during the height of the crisis and isolated from the rest of the almost totally dried Mediterranean Basin. The quantified climate constructed from the pollen records confirms that dry conditions existed before the Messinian Crisis in Southern Mediterranean latitudes including the Atlantic side, making the Mediterranean Sea climatically predisposed to desiccation. Atlantic sea-level variations observed in the Guadalquivir region and measured at Carmona suggest that global glacio-eustatism somewhat facilitated the onset and completion of the Messinian Crisis in the Mediterranean Basin. At last, this work allows to discriminate two regional erosive events: the first one, dated at 5.60 Ma, of fluvial origin in relation with global eustasy; the second one, submarine, occurred just before 5.33 Ma, and referred to the strain exerted by the Guadalquivir olistostrome.
Estimation of Colloid Osmotic Pressure During Hemodilutional Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Beshere George A. , Camerlengo Leon J. , Dearing James P.
Published: September 2023

Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using hemodilution are subjected to large reductions in colloid osmotic pressure (COP). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the course of COP during CPB and to compare these values to critical ranges for COP as cited in the literature.

The prime consisted of a mixture of the crystalloid (Lactated Ringer’s) and a variety of colloids. Samples were taken of the prime, and blood drawn prior to, during, and after CPB. The COP of each sample was measured, and also estimated by three (3) different techniques.

During CPB, patient’s COP were reduced by 30–60%, placing them within the published critical ranges for COP. Since patients did not suffer the predicted consequences of large reductions in COP, it is apparent the previously accepted critical ranges for COP must be re-evaluated for the CPB patient.

In the process of this investigation, a simple pumpside method for COP estimations was developed.
Q-well-posedness of an Aβ-protein polymerization model
Authors: Gueye Cheikh , Ciuperca Sorin I. , Pujo-Menjouet Laurent , Tine Léon Matar
Published: September 2023

In this work, we consider a Becker-Döring-like mathematical interaction model between Aβ-monomers and Aβ proto-oligomers playing an important role in Alzheimer’s disease. In this context, the clustering process where two or more Aβ-monomers spontaneously aggregate and form a seed of proto-oligomers is highlighted. We prove the quadratic well-posedness [4] of the problem associated with the estimation of clustering rate μ from measured data at different times.
Mit Düften heilen – Nutzen der Aromapflege in der psychiatrischen Pflege
Authors: Pies Daniela
Published: September 2023

Ob aufgebrühter Kaffee am Morgen oder frisch gemähtes Gras in der Abenddämmerung: Diese Düfte kennt vermutlich jeder, assoziiert damit jedoch nicht immer dasselbe. Denn der Geruchssinn beeinflusst erheblich unsere Wahrnehmung und unser Gedächtnis. Dies macht sich die Aromapflege zunutze: Mit Düften und Gerüchen fördert sie zielgerichtet die Heilung der Patienten.
Safety and efficacy of physician-administered balanced-sedation for the endoscopic mucosal resection of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps
Authors: Gupta Sunil , Kurup Rajiv , Shahidi Neal , Vosko Sergei , McKay Owen , Zahid Simmi , Whitfield Anthony , Lee Eric Y. , Williams Stephen John , Burgess Nicholas Graeme , Bourke Michael J.
Published: September 2023

Background and study aims Because of concerns about peri-procedural adverse events (AEs), guidelines recommend anesthetist-managed sedation (AMS) for long and complex endoscopic procedures. The safety and efficacy of physician-administered balanced sedation (PA-BS) for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps (LNPCPs) ≥20 mm is unknown.

Patients and methods We compared PA-BS with AMS in a retrospective study of prospectively collected data from consecutive patients referred for management of LNPCPs (NCT01368289; NCT02000141). A per-patient propensity analysis was performed following a 1:2 nearest-neighbor (Greedy-type) match, based on age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index, and lesion size. The primary outcome was any peri-procedural AE, which included hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, bradycardia, hypoxia, and new arrhythmia. Secondary outcomes were unplanned admissions, 28-day re-presentation, technical success, and recurrence.

Results Between January 2016 and June 2020, 700 patients
underwent EMR for LNPCPs, of whom 638 received PA-BS. Among them, the median age was 70 years
(interquartile range [IQR] 62–76 years), size 35 mm (IQR 25–45 mm), and duration 35 minutes
(IQR 25–60 minutes). Peri-procedural AEs occurred in 149 (23.4%), most commonly bradycardia
(116; 18.2%). Only five (0.8%) required an unplanned sedation-related admission due to AEs (2
hypotension, 1 arrhythmia, 1 bradycardia, 1 hypoxia), with a median inpatient stay of 1 day
(IQR 1–3 days). After propensity-score matching, there were no differences between PA-BS and
AMS in peri-procedural AEs, unplanned admissions, 28-day re-presentation rates, technical
success or recurrence.

Conclusions Physician-administered balanced sedation for the EMR of LNPCPs is safe. Peri-procedural AEs are infrequent, transient, rarely require admission (<1%), and are experienced in similar frequencies to those receiving anesthetist-managed sedation.
Incidence of persistent SARS-CoV-2 gut infection in patients with a history of COVID-19: Insights from endoscopic examination
Authors: Hany Mohamed , Sheta Eman , Talha Ahmed , Anwar Medhat , Selima Mohamed , Gaballah Muhammad , Zidan Ahmed , Ibrahim Mohamed , Agayby Ann Samy Shafiq , Abouelnasr Anwar Ashraf , Samir Mohamed , Torensma Bart
Published: September 2023

Background and study aims Gut infection is common during acute COVID-19, and persistent SARS-CoV-2 gut infection has been reported months after the initial infection, potentially linked to long-COVID syndrome. This study tested the incidence of persistent gut infection in patients with a history of COVID-19 undergoing endoscopic examination.

Patients and methods Endoscopic biopsies were prospectively collected from patients with previous COVID-19 infection undergoing upper or lower gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE or LGE). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the presence of persistent SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins.

Results A total of 166 UGEs and 83 LGE were analyzed. No significant differences were observed between patients with positive and negative immunostaining regarding the number of previous COVID-19 infections, time since the last infection, symptoms, or vaccination status. The incidence of positive immunostaining was significantly higher in UGE biopsies than in LGE biopsies (37.34% vs. 16.87%, P=0.002). Smokers showed a significantly higher incidence of positive immunostaining in the overall cohort and UGE and LGE subgroups (P <0.001). Diabetic patients exhibited a significantly higher incidence in the overall cohort (P=0.002) and UGE subgroup (P=0.022), with a similar trend observed in the LGE subgroup (P=0.055).

Conclusions Gut mucosal tissues can act as a long-term reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, retaining viral particles for months following the primary COVID-19 infection. Smokers and individuals with diabetes may be at an increased risk of persistent viral gut infection. These findings provide insights into the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the gut and have implications for further research.
Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity in Children with Esophageal Atresia
Authors: Demir Numan , Pişiren Begüm , Arslan Selen Serel , Boybeyı-Turer Ozlem , Soyer Tutku
Published: September 2023

Introduction The Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST) scale was developed to evaluate the safety, efficiency, and overall pharyngeal swallowing performance in patients with dysphagia (DIGESTs, DIGESTe, and DIGESTt, respectively). Although various types of swallowing dysfunction are encountered in children with esophageal atresia (EA), oropharyngeal dysphagia poses risk for aspiration. Therefore, a retrospective study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of swallowing by using DIGEST score in children with EA.

Patients and Methods Thirty-nine EA patients were included. The demographic features, respiratory problems, results, and outcomes of surgical treatment were evaluated from medical records. The videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation investigated for both airway protection and bolus residuals at the level of vallecula, posterior pharyngeal wall, and pyriform sinus at liquid and pudding consistencies. The penetration and aspiration scale (PAS) was used to define penetration and aspiration severity, and DIGEST was used to evaluate DIGESTs, DIGESTe, and DIGESTt.

Results The median age of the patients were 13 months (7–39 months), and male-to-female ratio was 25:14. Sixty-seven percent of patients were type-C EA and 61% of them has associated anomalies; 38% of patients had aspiration (PAS = 6–8) in liquids and 10% in pudding consistency. Life-threatening/profound swallowing dysfunction in DIGESTe (DIGEST = 4) was seen in 13% (n = 5) of patients; 40% of EA patients showed severe problems in DIGESTt.

Conclusion DIGEST is a valid and reliable tool to define the efficacy and safety of swallowing in children with EA.
Effects of Adding Monaural and Binaural Noise to a Dichotic Listening Task
Authors: Clancy Carrie M. , Davidson Alyssa , Borgstrom Mark , Robinson Kiana , Musiek Frank E.
Published: September 2023

Abstract Background The Dichotic Digits Test (DDT) evaluates central auditory nervous system (CANS) dysfunction. The DDT is widely used in audiology clinics worldwide, because it is clinically efficient and has good sensitivity and specificity for CANS lesions.
However, the DDT shows a strong ceiling effect, which can mitigate its ability to detect subtle CANS dysfunction. Purpose This study examines the effects of adding monaural and binaural speech-spectrum noise to the DDT in an effort to make the test more taxing to the CANS and
thereby reduce the observed ceiling effect. Research Design This was an experimental repeated measures study. Study Sample The participants were 20 adults aged 18 to 50 years with bilaterally symmetric speech-reception thresholds and pure-tone thresholds (250-8000
Hz) of 25 dB HL or better. Data Collection and Analysis Each participant was administered one standard DDT test list (no noise added) and DDT test lists with binaural, monaural right, and monaural left noise added. For each of the noise-added conditions, lists were administered
at two different signal-to-noise ratios, for a grand total of seven DDT test lists per participant, presented in randomized order. Monaural and binaural noise effects on DDT scoring indices (Right and Left Ear Percent Correct Scores, Combined Total Percent Correct Scores, and Dichotic Difference
Scores), as well as noise effects on the right ear advantage for speech, were examined. Mixed model analyses of variance were used to examine fixed effects and interactions of Noise Condition and Ear. Results Adding noise to the standard DDT systematically reduced Right and
Left Ear Percent Correct Scores and Combined Total Percent Correct Scores. Statistically significant differences on all indices were found between monaural and binaural noise-added conditions, suggesting a possible advantage for binaural listening in noise. Conclusions These
findings suggest that adding noise to tests of dichotic listening increases the difficulty of the task, and that further investigation of dichotic listening patterns in noise could potentially lead to more sensitive clinical evaluations of CANS integrity and function.
Computed Tomography Bone Imaging: Pushing the Boundaries in Clinical Practice
Authors: Gillet Romain , Boubaker Fatma , Hossu Gabriela , Thay Anthony , Gillet Pierre , Blum Alain , Teixeira Pedro Augusto Gondim
Published: September 2023

Bone microarchitecture has several clinical implications over and above estimating bone strength. Computed tomography (CT) analysis mainly uses high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT and micro-CT, research imaging techniques, most often limited to peripheral skeleton assessment. Ultra-high-resolution (UHR) CT and photon-counting detector CT, two commercially available techniques, provide images that can approach the spatial resolution of the trabeculae, bringing bone microarchitecture analysis into clinical practice and improving depiction of bone vascularization, tumor matrix, and cortical and periosteal bone. This review presents bone microarchitecture anatomy, principles of analysis, reference measurements, and an update on the performance and potential clinical applications of these new CT techniques. We also share our clinical experience and technical considerations using an UHR-CT device.
Bone in Anorexia
Authors: Miquel Anne , Bousson Valérie
Published: September 2023

Anorexia nervosa is a feeding disorder involving intentional weight loss. Restricted dietary intake leads to disturbed bone metabolism due to various factors, notably endocrine, that affect bone microarchitecture and incur risk of fracture. Mild to moderate anorexia shows a paradoxical increase in bone marrow adipose tissue, whereas severe forms show gelatinous transformation known as serous atrophy of bone marrow (SABM). Imaging assessment of the mineralized and adipose components uses several techniques: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and single-voxel MR spectroscopy. SABM induces MRI bone signal disturbances that can be hard to interpret and may hinder visualization of the fracture line.
Metaphyseal and Diaphyseal Contours: Variants and Pitfalls
Authors: Cotten Anne , Boutry Nathalie , Demondion Xavier
Published: September 2023

We discuss several variants of the metaphyseal and diaphyseal bone surfaces that may be misleading in clinical practice. They include metaphyseal stripes, spiculated metaphyseal cortex, cortical desmoid, laminated lateral supracondylar ridge, cortical vascular canals, variations in shape or lucency of normal tuberosities, cortical thickening of normal ridges, and well-organized undulated hyperostosis at the proximal phalanges.
Overview of Periosteal Reaction by Imaging
Authors: Bousson Valérie , Bisseret Damien , Kaci Rachid
Published: September 2023

The periosteum is a membrane that covers almost all bones in the body. It is a living structure but attracts little attention unless it reacts excessively. We highlight the important points in the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the periosteum, the stimuli and various aspects of periosteal reaction, and the main conditions underlying periosteal reaction.
Paget's Disease or Densifying Metastasis: How to Sort It Out
Authors: Faruch Bilfeld Marie , Lapègue Franck , Chiavassa Gandois Hélène , Goumarre Céline , Lambeaux Constance , Adamski Elorie , Fillole Antoine , Sans Nicolas
Published: September 2023

Although the prevalence of Paget's disease has decreased over the past 20 years, incidental discovery on imaging is not unusual. The challenge is to establish the diagnosis, especially in unusual forms that may be mistaken for metastases. This review describes the typical imaging features of Paget's disease and some rare presentations that may be more difficult to recognize.
Histological Compatibility in Distal Neurotizations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cavalheiro Cristina Schmitt , Nakamoto João Carlos , Wei Teng Hsiang , Sorrenti Luiz , Wataya Erick Yoshio
Published: September 2023

Considering the importance of defining the minimum number of axons between recipient and donor branches, that is, the definition of histological compatibility in distal neurotizations for the success of the procedure and the surgeon's freedom to choose individualized strategies for each patient, this systematic review was conducted to find out the most recent studies on the subject. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the importance of the number of axons and the relationship between axon counts in the donor and recipient nerves in the success of nerve transfer. A literature review was performed on five international databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley (Cochrane Database), Embase, and PubMed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed (2020 version), a guide designed to guide the elaboration of systematic literature reviews. One hundred and fifty-seven studies were found, and 23 were selected based on the eligibility criteria. The articles presented were conclusive in determining the importance of the number of axons in the success of nerve transfer. Still, the relationship between the number of axons in the donor and recipient nerves seems more relevant in the success of transfers and is not always explored by the authors. The review of the articles has provided compelling evidence that the number of axons is a critical determinant of the success of nerve transfer procedures. However, the relationship between the number of axons in the donor nerve and that in the recipient nerve appears to be even more crucial for successful transfers, a factor that is not always adequately explored by authors in the existing literature.

Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study
A Scoping Review of Preterm Birth Risk Factors
Authors: Tang Irene D. , Mallia Daniel , Yan Qi , Pe'er Itsik , Raja Anita , Salleb-Aouissi Ansaf , Wapner Ronald
Published: September 2023

Preterm birth is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, but its etiology and risk factors are poorly understood. We undertook a scoping review to illustrate the breadth of risk factors for preterm birth that have been reported in the literature. We conducted a search in the PubMed database for articles published in the previous 5 years. We determined eligibility for this scoping review by screening titles and abstracts, followed by full-text review. We extracted odds ratios and other measures of association for each identified risk factor in the articles. A total of 2,509 unique articles were identified from the search, of which 314 were eligible for inclusion in our final analyses. We summarized risk factors and their relative impacts in the following categories: Activity, Psychological, Medical History, Toxicology, Genetics, and Vaginal Microbiome. Many risk factors for preterm birth have been reported. It is challenging to synthesize findings given the multitude of isolated risk factors that have been studied, inconsistent definitions of risk factors and outcomes, and use of different covariates in analyses. Novel methods of analyzing large datasets may promote a more comprehensive understanding of the etiology of preterm birth and ability to predict the outcome.

Key Points
Attending Perceptions on the Use of Preference Signaling in the Ophthalmology Residency Application Process
Authors: Nguyen Geoffrey , Lin Benjamin , Sridhar Jayanth , Levin Moran R.
Published: September 2023

Objective This article characterizes perspectives of ophthalmologists involved in the residency selection process regarding the potential impact of preference signaling on the ophthalmology residency match.

Methods An anonymous online questionnaire generated from SurveyMonkey was approved by the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) Data Resource Committee for distribution to 391 individuals from the AUPO Departmental Chairs, Program Directors, and Directors of Medical Student Education email listservs in August 2022.

Results A total of 96 (24.6%) ophthalmology faculty completed the questionnaire. The majority (n = 76, 79.2%) agreed or strongly agreed that preference signaling should be implemented in the ophthalmology residency application system. Most respondents agreed or strongly agreed that preference signaling will allow for more holistic reviews of applications (n = 55, 57.3%), agreed or strongly agreed that it will benefit applicants who do not have connections to home programs or faculty that can reach out to desired programs (n = 81, 84.4%), and agreed or strongly agreed that it will improve the distribution of interviews to applicants (n = 76, 79.2%). Participants agreed or strongly agreed that applicants who have signaled interest in their program will receive preference when offering interviews (n = 59, 61.5%), and those signals will be used as a tiebreaker for similar applications (n = 75, 78.1%). The majority of participants believed that the ideal number of preference signals' applicants should be given three to four signals (n = 35, 36.0%) or five to six signals (n = 29, 30.2%).

Conclusion A majority of ophthalmology faculty surveyed support the integration of preference signaling into the ophthalmology residency match.
Tessiers No. 3 Oblique Facial Cleft
Authors: Dhanraj Dr. Prema
Published: September 2023

A case of rare variety, of a congenital origin, of lateral, oblique facial cleft is presented. Cleft closure is achieved by using cheek and glabellar flaps.
Covid-induced intimate partner violence: scoping review from Africa between 2020 and 2022
Authors: Ansah Edward W. , Asamoah Anthoniette , Bimpeh Bernice , Anani-Adzoe Laurenda F. , Botha Nkosi N.
Published: September 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) gained global notoriety as a preventable public health menace affecting 30% of women worldwide. The IPV which is implicated as a significant cause of premature mortality and morbidity worldwide, increased during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to synthesize evidence regarding the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the incidence of IPV in Africa, occurring between 1st January, 2020 to 31st December, 2022. Using the Tricco et al. (2018) procedure, a thorough literature search was done in PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Dimensions, Taylor and Francis, Chicago Journals, Emerald Insight, JSTOR, Google Scholar, and MedRxiv. Consistent with the inclusion and exclusion protocols, 10 peer-reviewed articles were eligible and used for this review. We report that : (i) the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic escalated the vulnerabilities of people to economic hardship, resulting in the increased incidence of IPV between 2020 and 2022 in Africa, (ii) psychological/emotional abuse was the most prevalent form of IPV suffered by victims, (iii) mental health conditions were the most reported effects of IPV on victims. The prevalence of IPV could undermine the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDG)s 2.2, 4, 5.2, 11.7, and 16 by Africa, limiting the continent’s quest to achieve full eradication of all types of violence against women. This study appears to be the first to review the literature on how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic influenced the incidence of IPV in Africa. We recommend that governments provide women with financial support using social support schemes, create sustainable livelihood opportunities for women, and intensify public sensitisation and education about IPV and available help-seeking opportunities. We recommend a study into the structures available for dealing with IPV in Africa.
Dynamic information spillover between Chinese carbon and stock markets under extreme weather shocks
Authors: Chen Zhang-Hangjian , Gao Xiang , Insuwan Apicha
Published: September 2023

The present study aims to investigate the dynamic information spillover relationship between Chinese carbon and stock markets, as well as the impact of extreme weather shocks exerted on this relationship. The method adopted is the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator–vector autoregressive–Diebold-Yilmaz spillover approach so that the degree and direction of risk spillovers among markets can be assessed simultaneously. Empirical results reveal that there is a high level of extreme risk spillover among markets in comparison to return spillover. The carbon market receives return spillover from high-polluting sectors, but it will turn into a risk transmitter under extreme risk conditions. Weather shocks significantly affect extreme risk spillover among markets and may lead to spillovers from the carbon market to low-polluting sectors. The portfolio strategy constructed based on the identified information spillover relationship is shown to achieve higher average returns than strategies focusing on a single carbon or stock market sector. This paper is among the first to integrate carbon markets and 38 stock sector indices for different pollution intensities, comprehensively exploring their dynamic interrelationships under extreme weather threats. The corresponding practical and policy implications for investors and regulators are also provided along with these findings.
Rareness of escaping orbits of the quasi-periodic Duffing equations with polynomial potentials
Authors: Peng Yaqun , Zhuang Yan
Published: September 2023

We consider the equation ẍ+x2n+1+q(t)xl=p(t), where p and q are quasi-periodic functions, and prove that the set of initial values leading to escaping orbits has typically zero Lebesgue measure.
Global existence and spatial analyticity for a nonlocal flux with fractional diffusion
Authors: Gao Yu , Wang Cong , Xue Xiaoping
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we study a one dimensional nonlinear equation with diffusion −ν(−∂xx)α2 for 0 ≤ α ≤ 2 and ν > 0. We use a viscous-splitting algorithm to obtain global nonnegative weak solutions in space L1(R)∩H1/2(R) when 0 ≤ α ≤ 2. For the subcritical case 1 < α ≤ 2 and critical case α = 1, we obtain the global existence and uniqueness of nonnegative spatial analytic solutions. We use a fractional bootstrapping method to improve the regularity of mild solutions in the Bessel potential spaces for the subcritical case 1 < α ≤ 2. Then, we show that the solutions are spatial analytic and can be extended globally. For the critical case α = 1, if the initial data ρ0 satisfies −ν < inf ρ0 < 0, we use the method of characteristics for complex Burgers equation to obtain a unique spatial analytic solution to our target equation in some bounded time interval. If ρ0 ≥ 0, the solution exists globally and converges to steady state.
Spin relaxation time enhancement induced by polarization field screening in an InGaN/GaN quantum well
Authors: Zhang Shixiong , Tang Ning , Sun Zhenhao , Li Guoping , Fan Teng , Fu Lei , Zhang Yunfan , Jiang Jiayang , Jin Peng , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo
Published: September 2023

A correlation between the spin-polarized carrier transfer and spin relaxation processes of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in an InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) is investigated by time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy at low temperature. Upon resonant excitation with the GaN barrier band edge energy, the spin polarization of the 2DEG in the QW is acquired from the transfer of spin-polarized photoexcited carriers. Significantly, the spin relaxation time of the 2DEG is enhanced to be as long as 1 ns along with the carrier transfer. It is demonstrated that by tailoring the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin–orbit couplings to approach a spin-degenerate surface, the screening effect of the polarization field leads to a longer spin relaxation time and effective manipulation of the spin relaxation. The polarization field screening induced enhancement of the spin relaxation time is significant in the way for the development of GaN-based spintronic devices.
Composition and temperature-dependent terahertz emission in ferrimagnetic Ta/Tbx(FeCo)1–x/Pt heterostructures
Authors: Ji Zhihao , Song Yuna , Liu Yu , Zhang Yu , Li Ziyang , Song Yiwen , Zhang Jingying , Lou Shitao , Zhang Zongzhi , Jin Qingyuan
Published: September 2023

A spintronic terahertz (THz) emitter based on rare-earth-transition-metal ferrimagnetic alloys has drawn wide attention due to its prominent THz emission signals at a magnetic compensated state. Here, THz emission spectroscopy is performed in a layered ferrimagnetic/nonmagnetic structure of Ta/Tbx(FeCo)1–x/Pt to investigate the impact of magnetization and spin polarization on THz radiation. Composition and temperature-dependent THz emission signals are observed by an inverse spin Hall effect. The variation of THz amplitude approximately follows the in-plane magnetization in the composition range, yet a nonvanishing THz radiation at the compensation point indicates that net spin polarization dominates the emitted THz electric field rather than net magnetization in this two-sublattice system. A significant gap of 90 K between the compensation point of magnetic moment and spin polarization is found in a Tb0.24(FeCo)0.76 sample, which is a striking difference to that of 25 K in GdCo/Pt THz emitters. We attribute this anomalous gap to the strong intersublattice 3d-5d6s-4f exchange interaction of TbFeCo alloy; thus, the contribution of spin polarized Tb 4f electrons should be reconsidered after fs laser pulse excitation. These results gain insight into spin dynamics of complex multisublattice systems and pave the way for further optimized spintronic THz emitters to modulate THz radiation efficiently.
Superconducting nanowire single photon detector on 4H-SiC substrates with saturated quantum efficiency
Authors: Si Mengting , Zhou Liping , Peng Wei , Zhang Xingyu , Yi Ailun , Wang Chengli , Zhou Hourong , Wang Zhen , Ou Xin , You Lixing
Published: September 2023

On-chip single photon detection is crucial for implementing on-chip quantum communication, quantum simulation, and calculation. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have become one of the essential techniques to achieve high-efficiency, on-chip, single-photon detection at scale due to their high detection efficiency, low dark count rate, and low jitter. Silicon carbide (SiC) has emerged as a promising integrated photonics platform due to its nonlinear optical processing capabilities, compatibility with CMOS technology, and outstanding quantum properties as a device for single photon sources. However, achieving high-efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detection on SiC substrates has yet to be demonstrated. In this study, we deposited polycrystalline NbN thin films onto 4H-SiC substrates. We also ensured that the deposited NbN thin film had a flat surface with a roughness less than 1 nm on the C-side 4H-SiC substrate through optimized chemical mechanical polishing. The NbN-SNSPD achieved a saturated quantum efficiency covering the color center emission bandwidth wavelength range (from 861 to 1550 nm) of the 4H-SiC material. These results offer a promising solution for high-efficiency single-photon detection on fully integrated quantum optical chips on 4H-SiC substrates.
Chern number transition of quantum anomalous hall phases in kagome TM3Te4 (TM = Ti, Cr) monolayers by manipulating magnetization orientation
Authors: Lu Jinlian , Xu Xiaokang , Duan Yuanyuan , Sun Yi , Guan Donghao , Chen Anjie , Yao Xiaojing , He Ailei , Zhang Xiuyun
Published: September 2023

The development of quantum anomalous hall (QAH) insulator with high transition temperature is the key to realize practical applications in future quantum technology and spintronics. Here, we predicted two stable two-dimensional kagome structures, Ti3Te4 and Cr3Te4, and found that both of them are intrinsic QAH insulators, using density functional theory calculations. In the absence of spin–orbit coupling (SOC), both systems display ferromagnetism (FM) Weyl semimetal states. Remarkably, Ti3Te4 monolayer is revealed to be a robust ferromagnetic half metal with high Curie temperature (TC) of 403 K. When the SOC effect occurs, it spontaneously creates QAH states with large nontrivial bandgap and chiral edge states. As a result, the Ti(Cr)3Te4 monolayer is changed to be QAH insulators with Chern number C = ±1 by rotation of magnetization orientation. In addition, the phase change from FM QAH insulator to antiferromagnetic insulator can be manipulated by applying external strains. Moreover, a high-Chern number phase (C = 2) arises by building Ti3Te4/MoS2/Ti3Te4 heterostructure. Meanwhile, the topological phase transition can be well recurred by using a spinless three-band tight-binding (TB) model. The findings present ways to realize potential QAH insulators with high transition temperatures.
Dynamical behavior mechanism in the network of interaction between group behavior and virus propagation
Authors: Zhai Shidong , Zhao Penglei , Xie Yongtao , Ma Jun
Published: September 2023

This paper introduces a complex network of interaction between human behavior and virus transmission, in which group synchronous behavior influences cure rates. The study examines the influence of individual group behavior on virus transmission, the reciprocal influence of virus transmission on individual group behavior, and the effects of evolving network structures on cluster synchronization. It also analyzes the conditions necessary for virus extinction or the occurrence of a pandemic, as well as the conditions for achieving individual group synchronization. The paper provides discriminant conditions to distinguish between aggregation behavior and virus extinction. The proposed model effectively captures the phenomenon of resurgence observed in many viruses. The conclusions drawn are rigorously validated through simulations conducted under various conditions, confirming the validity and reliability of the findings.
Stability transition of a solute-stratified fluid in a vertical slot imposed with a horizontal temperature gradient
Authors: Wu Cheng-Feng , Chen Falin
Published: September 2023

When a stable solute-stratified fluid in a vertical slot is imposed with a horizontal temperature gradient, it becomes double-diffusively unstable when the critical condition is exceeded. We conduct a comprehensive three-dimensional stability analysis to investigate the double-diffusive stability with emphasis on the effects of the Prandtl number Pr and the Lewis number Le. The results show that the stability is characterized by five stability modes and seven transitions at which the mode changes from one to another. The occurrence of stability modes and transitions largely depends upon Pr and Le. An extensive comparison between the present results and those of previous analytical and experimental studies is made. The comparison confirms that the present results are in excellent agreement with the asymptotic solutions proposed by Thorpe et al. [J. Fluid Mech. 38, 375–400 (1969)] and Kerr and Tang [J. Fluid Mech. 392, 213–232 (1999)]. It explains why most of the observed flows were predominated by salt-finger convection.
Waveguiding in massive two-dimensional Dirac systems
Authors: Ibarra-Sierra V. G. , Robles-Raygoza E. J. , Sandoval-Santana J. C. , Carrillo-Bastos R.
Published: September 2023

The study of waveguide propagating modes is essential for achieving directional electronic transport in two-dimensional materials. Simultaneously, exploring potential gaps in these systems is crucial for developing devices akin to those employed in conventional electronics. Building upon the theoretical groundwork laid by Hartmann and Portnoi [Phys. Rev. A 89, 012101 (2014)], which focused on implementing waveguides in pristine graphene monolayers, this work delves into the impact of a waveguide on two-dimensional gapped Dirac systems. We derive exact solutions encompassing wave functions and energy-bound states for secant-hyperbolic attractive potential in gapped graphene, with a gap generated by sublattice asymmetry or Kekulé-distortion. These solutions leverage the inherent properties and boundary conditions of the Heun polynomials. Our findings demonstrate that the manipulation of the number of accessible energy-bound states, i.e., transverse propagating modes, relies on factors, such as the width and depth of the potential as well as the gap value of the two-dimensional material.
Relative permeability curve prediction from digital rocks with variable sizes using deep learning
Authors: Xie Chiyu , Zhu Jingwei , Yang Hongen , Wang Jiulong , Liu Lin , Song Hongqing
Published: September 2023

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have offered new ways to obtain the relative permeability curve that is crucial for subsurface engineering problems. The existing data-driven AI approaches for the relative permeability prediction are only suitable for a specific geometry rock size and lack the cross-size prediction ability. In this paper, we propose a new physics-informed prediction model called the three-dimensional (3D) spatial pyramid pooling convolutional network (3DSPPConvNet) model embedding three important parameters: computed tomography (CT) scanning resolution, interfacial tension, and contact angle distribution. Our model can deal with 3D digital rocks with variable sizes as it is based on a multi-size digital rock dataset containing 1512 couples of relative permeability curves. Their relative permeability curves for training and testing are obtained from pore network modeling (PNM) results with a linear postprocessing process. The results show that the physics-informed 3DSPPConvNet has a high prediction accuracy of 95.3%, with scale information being the most important physics feature accounting for 51%. In addition, compared with PNM, the computational time and memory of the intelligent model are saved by 63% and 80%, respectively.
Surface optical phonon-assisted exciton photoluminescence spectroscopy in Q1D AlN nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Li , Liang Z. W. , Liu Q. , Yang A. L. , Shi Jun-Jie , Wang Qi
Published: September 2023

Mechanisms and influence factors of surface optical (SO) phonon-mode-assisted exciton photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy in quasi-1-dimensional (Q1D) nitride nanostructures remain a subject of debate. In this work, using momentum and energy conservation laws, a constraint relationship for the frequency and wave number of SO phonon-mode-assisted exciton PL is established. Using the dispersion relationships of SO modes in anisotropic wurtzite nanowires, the frequency and wave number of SO-mode-assisted exciton PL emission are determined. The present theoretical scheme and numerical results not only explain a current experimental discrepancy but could also be used to predict and design exciton PL spectroscopy with SO phonon modes in Q1D nanostructures.
Terahertz cascaded metasurfaces for both spin-symmetric and asymmetric beam diffractions with active power distribution
Authors: Liu Jiayue , Fan Fei , Tan Zhiyu , Zhao Huijun , Cheng Jierong , Chang Shengjiang
Published: September 2023

Ultra-compact and tunable devices for terahertz (THz) beam manipulation are highly desired in wireless communication and radar scanning. Although the appearance of the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) metasurface has provided strategies for THz beam scanning, active output power distribution is still difficult to achieve, and the flexibility of beam manipulation is limited by a single metasurface. In this work, we demonstrated an all-dielectric cascaded metasurface consisting of a spin-decoupled metasurface and a PB metasurface. The conjugated characteristic of the PB phase for two photonic spin states is broken with highly efficient high-order diffractions of wave vector superposition through the cascaded metasurfaces, and both spin-symmetric and spin-asymmetric transmissions are obtained by designing the differences in metasurface bandwidth. Moreover, the output power between the deflection beams can be actively tuned by changing the incident polarization state, achieving power modulation ratios of 99.3% and 95.1% for the two conjugated spin beams, respectively. Therefore, this work realizes controllable wave division multiplexing and power distribution and opens new avenues for the design of ultra-compact multifunctional devices.
Recent applications of nanodiamond quantum biosensors: A review
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Xu Jian , Ge Shunhao , Zou Liangrui , Sang Dandan , Fan Jianchao , Wang Qinglin
Published: September 2023

The ultrafine biosensing technology reveals the mechanisms of various biochemical reactions in cells and the causes of complex diseases through the detection of cellular and subcellular structures. It has an irreplaceable role in the early diagnosis of diseases and in the evaluation of the effectiveness of drug therapy. Due to the complex media composition and ultrafine size of biological cells, traditional sensing technologies can hardly shoulder this difficult task. Nanodiamond (ND) is chemically inert, biocompatible, and nanoscale in size; therefore, it is a safe, non-invasive tool for intracellular sensing. In this Review, we will present the properties of nitrogen vacancy centers, silicon vacancy centers in ND, functionalization of ND, and brief principles of sensing, as well as the latest applications, opportunities, and challenges of ND biosensing.
Achieving both positive and negative persistent photocurrent in InSe/GaSe van der Waals heterostructure by introducing amorphous Ga2O3−x
Authors: Sun Zhao-Yuan , Li Yang , Zhao Ze , Zhao Shou-Xin , Zhang Jia , Zhen Liang , Xu Cheng-Yan
Published: September 2023

Oxidation of environmentally sensitive van der Waals (vdWs) materials or heterostructures can enrich the functionalities of nano-electronic devices by tailoring the band diagram at the hetero-interface. Herein, we demonstrated that amorphous Ga2O3−x with wide-bandgap and insulating features, homogeneously oxidized from GaSe, can act as a tunneling layer in GaSe/InSe vdWs heterostructure device with a floating gate architecture, endowing the robust charge trapping/releasing ability, leading to the achievement of both positive and negative persistent photocurrent (PPC and NPC) characteristics. More impressively, the NPC exhibited OFF/ON current ratio of up to 107, several orders of magnitude larger than the reported NPC in other vdWs materials and heterostructures devices, leading to the achievement of optical memory with 14 distinct current levels and power consumption low to ∼1 pJ. Our work provides an effective avenue to achieve functionality-oriented memory devices by extending this simple configuration to other types of environmentally sensitive vdWs materials.
What can wildlife-detection dogs offer for managing small mammalian predators?
Authors: Glen Alistair S. , Garvey Patrick M. , Innes John , Buchanan Finlay
Published: September 2023

Small mammalian predators can have low population densities, as well as cryptic and highly mobile behaviours, making these species challenging to manage. Monitoring tools such as camera traps, hair traps and footprint tracking devices can help detect cryptic species, but they require an animal to approach and, in most cases, interact with a device. They also have limited capacity to help capture animals. Wildlife-detection dogs can detect a wide range of species with a similar or higher efficiency than do other methods, partly because they are much less dependent on volitional decisions of target animals to interact with devices. By following scent trails, dogs can track down animals that actively avoid capture or detection. Dog-handler teams also have another advantage, namely, the handler can mount a rapid management response to capture or remove animals as soon as they are detected. We review ways in which dog-handler teams can contribute to active management of small mammalian predators by combining the dogs’ ability to detect animals with their handlers’ ability to mount a rapid response.
A TIAM1-TRIM28 complex mediates epigenetic silencing of protocadherins to promote migration of lung cancer cells
Authors: Ginn Lucy , Maltas Joe , Baker Martin J. , Chaturvedi Anshuman , Wilson Leah , Guilbert Ryan , Amaral Fabio M. R. , Priest Lynsey , Mole Holly , Blackhall Fiona , Diamantopoulou Zoi , Somervaille Tim C. P. , Hurlstone Adam , Malliri Angeliki
Published: September 2023

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Its high mortality is associated with high metastatic potential. Here, we show that the RAC1-selective guanine nucleotide exchange factor T cell invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 (TIAM1) promotes cell migration and invasion in the most common subtype of lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), through an unexpected nuclear function. We show that TIAM1 interacts with TRIM28, a master regulator of gene expression, in the nucleus of NSCLC cells. We reveal that a TIAM1-TRIM28 complex promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a phenotypic switch implicated in cell migration and invasion. This occurs through H3K9me3-induced silencing of protocadherins and by decreasing E-cadherin expression, thereby antagonizing cell–cell adhesion. Consistently, TIAM1 or TRIM28 depletion suppresses the migration of NSCLC cells, while migration is restored by the simultaneous depletion of protocadherins. Importantly, high nuclear TIAM1 in clinical specimens is associated with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma, decreased patient survival, and inversely correlates with E-cadherin expression.
Pattern detection in the TGFβ cascade controls the induction of long-term synaptic plasticity
Authors: Miranda Paige , Mirisis Anastasios A. , Kukushkin Nikolay V. , Carew Thomas J.
Published: September 2023

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is required for long-term memory (LTM) for sensitization in
Aplysia
. When LTM is induced using a two-trial training protocol, TGFβ inhibition only blocks LTM when administrated at the second, not the first trial. Here, we show that TGFβ acts as a “repetition detector” during the induction of two-trial LTM. Secretion of the biologically inert TGFβ proligand must coincide with its proteolytic activation by the Bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1/Tolloid) metalloprotease, which occurs specifically during trial two of our two-trial training paradigm. This paradigm establishes long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF), the cellular correlate of LTM. BMP-1 application paired with a single serotonin (5HT) pulse induced LTF, whereas neither a single 5HT pulse nor BMP-1 alone effectively did so. On the other hand, inhibition of endogenous BMP-1 activity blocked the induction of two-trial LTF. These results suggest a unique role for TGFβ in the interaction of repeated trials: during learning, repeated stimuli engage separate steps of the TGFβ cascade that together are necessary for the induction of long-lasting memories.