bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of remediation reagents on bacterial composition and ecological function in black-odorous water sediments
Authors: Xia Dong , Zhao Hanbin , Kobayashi Sohei , Mi Qi , Hao Aimin , Iseri Yasushi
Published: April 2022

Black-odorous urban water bodies and sediments pose a serious environmental problem. In this study, we conducted microcosm batch experiments to investigate the effect of remediation reagents (magnesium hydroxide and calcium nitrate) on native bacterial communities and their ecological functions in the black-odorous sediment of urban water. The dominant phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Planctomycetes) and classes (Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Anaerolineae, and Planctomycetia) were determined under calcium nitrate and magnesium hydroxide treatments. Functional groups related to aerobic metabolism, including aerobic chemoheterotrophy, dark sulfide oxidation, and correlated dominant genera (Thiobacillus, Lysobacter, Gp16, and Gaiella) became more abundant under calcium nitrate treatment, whereas functional genes potentially involved in dissimilatory sulfate reduction became less abundant. The relative abundance of chloroplasts, fermentation, and correlated genera (Desulfomonile and unclassified Cyanobacteria) decreased under magnesium hydroxide treatment. Overall, these results indicated that calcium nitrate addition improved hypoxia-related reducing conditions in the sediment and promoted aerobic chemoheterotrophy.
Overall Survival Advantage of Omentum Preservation Over Omentectomy for Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kong Meng , Chen Hongyuan , Zhang Rong , Sheng Hongguang , Li Leping
Published: April 2022

Background

Since 1910, omentectomy has been an essential component of radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer. However, researchers have recently questioned the benefit of omentectomy in radical gastrectomy. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to compare omentectomy and omentum preservation in gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer in terms of survival outcomes and short‐term outcomes.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched. Studies that compared omentum preservation with omentectomy were included. Overall survival (OS) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) were analyzed as primary outcomes.

Results

Of 3509 records screened, one randomized clinical trial and five propensity‐score matched retrospective studies with 1661 patients were selected. Omentum preservation was associated with improved OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.757, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.603–0.950, P = 0.016, I2 = 0%), but not with improved RFS (HR = 0.821, 95% CI = 0.668–1.009, P = 0.060, I2 = 9%) compared with omentectomy for advanced gastric cancer. Furthermore, less blood loss and shorter operation time were found in the omentum preservation group than in the omentectomy group. Additionally, the rate of peritoneal recurrence, the number of harvested lymph nodes, and the incidences of postoperative complications and ileus were comparable in the two groups.

Conclusions

Basing on the current literature, gastrectomy with omentum preservation was associated with improved OS and short‐term outcomes compared with omentectomy for advanced gastric cancer. Further randomized trials are required to confirm the survival benefit of omentum‐preserving gastrectomy.
Significance of fish–sponge interactions in coral reef ecosystems
Authors: Coppock Amy G. , Kingsford Michael J. , Battershill Christopher N. , Jones Geoffrey P.
Published: April 2022

Sponges (Porifera) are a key component of many coral reef ecosystems. In some biogeographic regions, they are considered the dominant benthic fauna and they have the capacity to fulfil many similar roles to reef-building scleractinians. Certainly, sponges predominate at depth, below the critical thresholds of most coral species. The biological and physical attributes of these biogenic communities contribute essential resources for many reef-associated fishes. However, while fish–sponge interactions have been widely documented, there is no global synthesis of the literature on these interrelationships from the perspective of fish ecology. Here we evaluate coral reef fish–sponge relationships, including the role of sponges in providing food and shelter for fishes, the influence fishes have on sponge distribution and abundance and possible outcomes of climate change on fish–sponge interactions. To date, 16 fish families have been shown to associate with 56 different sponge genera, using them as either a source of shelter (n = 17) or a food source (n = 50), although methodologies for the latter currently lack consistency. We demonstrate that a more comprehensive understanding of fish–sponge interactions has been garnered from tropical Atlantic coral reefs, which has resulted in a strong biogeographic bias. While it is evident that in some areas of the Caribbean fish are key in shaping the distribution and abundance of sponges, it is not yet known whether this conclusion applies to the Indo-Pacific. With increasing stresses such as bleaching events impacting coral reef ecosystems, further work is needed to evaluate whether sponges can fulfil similar functional roles to those previously provided by reef-building scleractinians. Similarly, determining whether sponge expansion will compensate for the negative effects of reef degradation, or contribute to their decline, is vital.
Gender difference in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: clinical profiles, examinations, and prognosis
Authors: Sakai Takahiro , Motoki Hirohiko , Suzuki Sho , Fuchida Aya , Takeuchi Takahiro , Otagiri Kyuhachi , Kanai Masafumi , Kimura Kazuhiro , Minamisawa Masatoshi , Yoshie Koji , Saigusa Tatsuya , Ebisawa Soichiro , Okada Ayako , Kitabayashi Hiroshi , Kuwahara Koichiro
Published: April 2022

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has currently become a major concern in the aging society owing to its substantial and growing prevalence. Recent investigations regarding sacubitril/valsartan have suggested that there is a gender difference in the efficacy of the medication in HFpEF cohort. However, information of gender difference in clinical profiles, examination, and prognosis have not been well investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes between women and men in a Japanese HFpEF cohort. We analyzed the data from our prospective, observational, and multicenter cohort study. Overall, 1036 consecutive patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure were enrolled. We defined patients with an ejection fraction (EF) of ≥ 50% as HFpEF. Patients with severe valvular disease were excluded; the remaining 379 patients (women: n = 201, men: n = 178) were assessed. Women were older than men [median: 85 (79–89) years vs. 83 (75–87) years, p = 0.013]. Diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, and coronary artery disease were more prevalent in men than in women (34.8% vs. 23.9%, p = 0.019, 23.6% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.002, and 23.0% vs. 11.9%, p = 0.005, respectively). EF was not significantly different between women and men. The cumulative incidence of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for congestive heart failure (CHF) was significantly lower in women than in men (log-rank p = 0.040). Women with HFpEF were older and less often exhibited an ischemic etiology; further, they were associated with a lower risk for cardiovascular death or hospitalization for CHF compared with men in the Japanese population.
Sleep disturbances and depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy: associations with delivery and newborn health
Authors: Peltonen Hilla , Paavonen E. Juulia , Saarenpää-Heikkilä Outi , Vahlberg Tero , Paunio Tiina , Polo-Kantola Päivi
Published: April 2022

Background

Sleep disturbances and mood symptoms are common in late pregnancy; according to the literature, they can affect delivery and newborn outcomes. This study evaluated the effect of sleep and mood symptoms on delivery and newborn health, because there are insufficient and partly contradictory studies on the topic.

Methods

A cohort of 1414 mothers in their third trimester was enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional questionnaire study. Validated questionnaires were assessed for the measurement of sleep disturbances and depressive and anxiety symptoms. The data on delivery and newborn outcomes were obtained from hospital medical records.

Results

Sleep disturbances were very common. A higher insomnia score (β = − 0.06, p = 0.047) and longer sleep need (β = 0.07, p = 0.047) were related to delivery at a lower gestational age. In addition, a higher insomnia score (β = − 28.30, p = 0.010) and lower general sleep quality (β = − 62.15, p = 0.025) were associated with lower birth weight, but longer sleep duration and longer sleep need with a higher birth weight (β = 28.06, p = 0.019; β = 27.61, p = 0.028, respectively). However, the findings regarding birth weight lost their significance when the birth weight was standardized by gestational weeks. Concerning Apgar scores and umbilical artery pH, no associations were found. Snoring was associated with a shorter duration of the first phase of delivery (β = − 78.71, p = 0.015) and total duration of delivery (β = − 79.85, p = 0.016). Mothers with higher insomnia, depressive, or anxiety symptoms were more often treated with oxytocin (OR 1.54 95% CI 1.00–2.38, p = 0.049, OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.02–3.04, p = 0.049 and OR 1.91, CI 95% 1.28–2.84, p < 0.001, respectively) and those with higher depressive and anxiety symptoms were delivered more often with elective cesarean section (OR 4.67, 95% CI 2.04–12.68, p < 0.001 and OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.03–4.79, p = 0.042).

Conclusions

Maternal sleep disturbances and mood symptoms during pregnancy are associated with delivery and newborn health. However, nearly, all the outcomes fell within a normal range, implying that the actual risks are low.
Bevacizumab as treatment option for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: a systematic review
Authors: Pogoda Louis , Ziylan Fuat , Smeeing Diederik P. J. , Dikkers Frederik G. , Rinkel Rico N. P. M.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To this day, there is no cure for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Multiple surgical procedures are performed to achieve symptom relief and prevention of airway obstruction. A promising drug for RRP is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding antibody bevacizumab. This chemotherapeutic agent has an angiogenesis-inhibiting effect which inhibits tumor growth. The objective of this review was to investigate the efficacy of bevacizumab as treatment option for RRP, and to explore the difference of its effects between intralesional and systemic treatment.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in Cochrane, PubMed, and Embase. Articles were included if bevacizumab treatment was given intralesionally and/or systemically. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the CAse REport (CARE) guidelines.

Results

Of 585 unique articles screened by title and abstract, 15 studies were included, yielding a total of 64 patients. In 95% of the patients treated with systemic bevacizumab, the post-bevacizumab surgical interval was considerably prolonged. More than half of them did not need any surgical intervention during mean follow-up of 21.6 months. Treatment with intralesional bevacizumab showed a lower efficacy: in 62% of the patients, the post-bevacizumab surgical interval (mean, 1.8 months follow-up) was extended when compared to the interval before the treatment.

Conclusion

Systemically and intralesionally administered bevacizumab are effective treatment options for severe RRP. A systemic administration might be the treatment of first choice. Further prospective research with long term follow-up is advocated to elucidate this important topic.
Micro-RNA-215 and -375 regulate thymidylate synthase protein expression in pleural mesothelioma and mediate epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Napoli Francesca , Rapa Ida , Izzo Stefania , Rigutto Angelica , Libener Roberta , Riganti Chiara , Bironzo Paolo , Taulli Riccardo , Papotti Mauro , Volante Marco , Scagliotti Giorgio , Righi Luisella
Published: April 2022

The standard front-line treatment for pleural mesothelioma (PM) is pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, whose major target is thymidylate synthase (TS). In several cancer models, miR-215 and miR-375 have been shown to target TS, while information on these miRNAs in PM are still limited although suggest their role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Seventy-one consecutive PM tissues (4 biphasic, 7 sarcomatoid, and 60 epithelioid types) and 16 commercial and patient-derived PM cell lines were screened for TS, miR-215, and miR-375 expression. REN and 570B cells were selected for miR-215 and miR-375 transient transfections to test TS modulation. ZEB1 protein expression in tumor samples was also tested. Moreover, genetic profile was investigated by means of BAP1 and p53 immunohistochemistry. Expression of both miR-215 and miR-375 was significantly higher in epithelioid histotype. Furthermore, inverse correlation between TS protein and both miR-215 and miR-375 expression was found. Efficiently transfected REN and 570B cell lines overexpressing miR-215 and miR-375 showed decreased TS protein levels. Epithelioid PM with a mesenchymal component highlighted by reticulin stain showed significantly higher TS and ZEB1 protein and lower miRNA expression. A better survival was recorded for BAP1 lost/TS low cases. Our data indicate that miR-215 and miR-375 are involved in TS regulation as well as in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in PM.
A decisive bridge between innate immunity and the pathognomonic morphological characteristics of type 1 diabetes demonstrated by instillation of heat-inactivated bacteria in the pancreatic duct of rats
Authors: Angie Tegehall , Sofie Ingvast , Åsa Melhus , Oskar Skog , Olle Korsgren
Published: April 2022

Aims

Periductal inflammation and accumulation of granulocytes and monocytes in the periislet area and in the exocrine pancreas is observed within hours after instillation of heat-inactivated bacteria in the ductal compartment of the pancreas in healthy rats. The present investigation was undertaken to study how the acute inflammation developed over time.

Methods

Immunohistochemical evaluation of the immune response triggered by instillation of heat-inactivated bacteria in the ductal compartment in rats.

Results

After three weeks, the triggered inflammation had vanished and pancreases showed normal morphology. However, a distinct accumulation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within and adjacent to affected islets was found in one-third of the rats instilled with heat-inactivated E. faecalis, mimicking the insulitis seen at onset of human T1D. As in T1D, this insulitis affected a minority of islets and only certain lobes of the pancreases. Notably, a fraction of the T cells expressed the CD103 antigen, mirroring the recently reported presence of tissue resident memory T cells in the insulitis in humans with recent onset T1D.

Conclusions

The results presented unravel a previously unknown interplay between innate and acquired immunity in the formation of immunopathological events indistinguishable from those described in humans with recent onset T1D.
Clinical parameters among patients in Japan with anemia and non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease with and without diabetes mellitus who received roxadustat
Authors: Akizawa Tadao , Tanaka-Amino Keiko , Otsuka Tetsuro , Yamaguchi Yusuke
Published: April 2022

Background

Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor for treating anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This post hoc analysis of a Japanese, open-label, partially randomized, phase 3 study in patients with non-dialysis-dependent (NDD) CKD evaluated disease state–related parameters among patients with and without diabetes mellitus who received roxadustat. In the 1517-CL-0310 study (NCT02988973), roxadustat was noninferior to darbepoetin alfa for change in average hemoglobin levels at Weeks 18–24 from baseline who received roxadustat.

Methods

Patients enrolled in the 1517-CL-0310 study who received roxadustat were included in this post hoc analysis. Hematologic (hemoglobin, reticulocyte/erythrocyte ratio, mean corpuscular volume [MCV], and mean corpuscular hemoglobin [MCH]), iron-related (ferritin, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, and hepcidin), metabolic (HbA1c, glycated albumin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and renal (eGFR) parameters were summarized descriptively by visit through Week 52.

Results

Among 201 included patients, 105 (52.2%) and 96 (47.8%) were in the Diabetes and No Diabetes subgroups, respectively. There were no clinically meaningful differences through Week 52 for most hematologic, iron-related, metabolic, or renal parameters between patients in the Diabetes and No Diabetes subgroups. MCV and MCH remained lower and HbA1c and glycated albumin remained higher in patients in the Diabetes subgroup through Week 52. Both subgroups experienced a similar benefit from roxadustat in maintaining hemoglobin levels in the target range of 10–12 g/dL.

Conclusion

Roxadustat maintained hemoglobin levels in the target range with similar clinical parameters irrespective of diabetes mellitus presence at baseline.
Women with short survival after diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer: a population-based registry study
Authors: Boman Caroline , Edman Kessler Luisa , Bergh Jonas , Matikas Alexios , Foukakis Theodoros
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Despite therapeutic advances, overall survival of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) at the population level has seen little improvement over the past decades. Aggressive tumor biology or delay in access to cancer care might be contributing factors. With this retrospective population-based study we aimed to quantify and characterize patients with very short survival time following MBC diagnosis.

Methods

Women diagnosed with MBC between Jan 1st, 2005 and Dec 31st, 2016 were identified using the population-based Stockholm–Gotland breast cancer registry. Data regarding demographic and clinicopathological characteristics, survival, and treatment were extracted retrospectively from the registry and from patient charts. Patients who died within 90 days following diagnosis of MBC were identified and their characteristics were compared with all other patients diagnosed with MBC during the same period.

Results

Between 2005 and 2016, 3124 patients were diagnosed with MBC, of whom 498 (16.2%) died within 90 days of diagnosis. Nearly half (N = 233) did not receive any antitumoral treatment. Patients with short survival were older (p < 0.001), had higher primary tumor grade (p < 0.001), higher clinical stage at primary diagnosis (p = 0.002), and more often estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer (p < 0.001). Visceral metastases were more frequent (p < 0.001) and patients with short survival received adjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001) to a lesser extent compared to patients with a better prognosis. In multivariable analysis older age, time period of diagnosis, metastasis site, adjuvant chemotherapy, and primary tumor grade were independent predictors for short survival, whereas ER status was not.

Conclusion

Nearly one out of six patients with MBC survive less than 3 months after diagnosis. Our findings demonstrate a different spectrum of MBC at population level and can potentially inform on individualized follow-up strategies and treatment algorithms.
Digitalisation and accounting language games in organisational contexts
Authors: Ruggeri Daniela , Leotta Antonio , Rizza Carmela
Published: April 2022

The ambition of digitalisation to create centralised knowledge for all organisational actors may lead to the risk of de-contextualising that knowledge from the situation in which the information was generated, neglecting the specificities of local organisational contexts. To prevent such risk, digitalisation should promote the spread of a common language between its users who share rules and principles that lead to the same meanings. We refer to the concept of the language game to study how accounting reports receive meanings according to their use, and thereby how the use of accounting language helps in managing the specifics of organisational contexts. Considering complex organisations where different local accounting language games coexist, management accounting studies on digitalisation fail to explain how digital technology can promote the combination of those language games.

The present study aims to answer the question of how digitalisation, promoting a global accounting language game, favours the combination of the accounting language games arising from local organisational contexts.

This question is addressed by examining the case of the performance measurement of the new product development process in a multidivisional company. The case evidence highlights how a digital platform, promoting a corporate accounting language game for the whole organisation, favoured the combination of divisional accounting language games.

The paper points out how digitalisation affects the boundaries between local and global accounting language games in the production of knowledge for decision-making. Also, the paper shows how digital technology is beneficial only when it does not compromise interactions between the different organisational contexts.
Evaluation of Wear Measurement with Radioactive Isotopes for DLC Coatings Affected by Abrasive Particles
Authors: Zellhofer Manuel , Jech Martin , Badisch Ewald , Ditrói Ferenc , Kübler Andreas , Mayrhofer Paul Heinz
Published: April 2022

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings protect engine parts from wear and provide low-friction. Unfortunately, the nature of DLC coatings does not allow progressing wear measurement using conventional methods. Therefore, we applied a radioactive isotope-based wear measurement method (RIC method). A tribometer with oscillating contact and one with sliding contact were used to provide different loading conditions. The RIC method was evaluated for DLC coatings, and the DLC wear was investigated regarding the presence of abrasive particles. The results indicate that an increase in abrasive particle concentration leads to an increase of DLC wear rate and a decrease in usage-time until wear-off.
Non-monotonic Dynamics in the Onset of Frictional Slip
Authors: Farain Kasra , Bonn Daniel
Published: April 2022

The transition from static to dynamic friction is often described as a fracture instability. However, studies on slow sliding processes aimed at understanding frictional instabilities and earthquakes report slow friction transients that are usually explained by empirical rate-and-state formulations. We perform very slow ($$\sim$$
∼
nm/s) macroscopic-scale sliding experiments and show that the onset of frictional slip is governed by continuous non-monotonic dynamics originating from a competition between contact aging and shear-induced rejuvenation. This allows to describe both our non-monotonic dynamics and the simpler rate-and-state transients with a single evolution equation.
Evaluation of double faced transverse preputial (onlay) island flap for hypospadias repair in pediatrics: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Daboos Mohammad , Hefney Khalid , Abdelhafez Mahmoud Muhammad , Salama Ahmed , Mohammed Yousef , Hussein Mohammed , Abdelmaboud Mohamed , Hussein Tharwat , Ashour Yasser , Gouda Samir
Published: April 2022

Background

The preputial onlay island flap technique has been popularized for hypospadias repair as a result of offering a consistent combination of acceptable functional and cosmetic results. Like other techniques, urethrocutaneous fistulae and stricture continues to be the most common complications, in addition to other complications, which could be attributed to the compromise in flaps vascularity. Some authors describe a technique that resolves some of these problems by combining the unique benefits of the double faced preputial flaps. The aim of this study:- to evaluate double faced preputial onlay island flap technique for complications rate, outcomes of surgical procedure, and cosmetic results in comparison to transverse inner preputial flap technique.

Patients and methods

This was a prospective randomized controlled study that included 68 patients with anterior, mid-penile, and posterior penile hypospadias, with shallow and narrow urethral plate of size less than 6 mm, who underwent single-stage repair using preputial flaps, conducted at the department of pediatric surgery (Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt), between May 2019 and October 2021, to evaluate double faced transverse preputial onlay island flap technique. Thirty-four patients underwent double faced transverse preputial onlay island flap (group A) and another 34 patients underwent inner transverse preputial onlay island flap (control group) (group B). The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 26 months.

Results

The overall complication rate was 20.5% (14 of 68 children). Complications developed in 5 cases (14.7%) in group A who underwent double face onlay island flap (2 glannular dehiscence, 1 penile rotation, 1 fistula, and 1 diverticulum), as opposed to 9 patients in group B (26.4%) who underwent transverse inner preputial flap (3 developed glannular dehiscence, 2 skin flap necrosis, 3 fistulae, and 1 diverticulum). After management of the complications, all patients had good surgical outcomes with satisfactory cosmetic results.

Conclusion

Double faced transverse preputial onlay island flap is an alternative option to reconstruct narrow urethral plate hypospadias. So that double faced transverse preputial onlay island flap technique appears to achieve satisfactory surgical outcomes with lower complication rate.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease: Why Earlier Use Makes Shared Decision Making Important
Authors: Montemayor Jaime , Sarva Harini , Kelly-Blake Karen , Cabrera Laura Y.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

As deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shifted to being used earlier during Parkinson’s disease (PD), data is lacking regarding patient specific attitudes, preferences, and factors which may influence the timing of and decision to proceed with DBS in the United States. This study aims to identify and compare attitudes and preferences regarding the earlier use of DBS in Parkinson’s patients who have and have not undergone DBS.

Methods

We developed an online survey concerning attitudes about DBS and its timing in PD. The survey was distributed nationally in the United States via the Michael J. Fox Foundation Trial Finder, the American Parkinson Disease Association flyers, and as a link on the Parkinson Alliance website. Differences in responses between PD DBS and non-DBS patients were assessed.

Results

A total of 445 patients with PD met eligibility criteria for the survey of which 160 self-identified as having undergone DBS. Fifty-five percent (n = 124) of non-DBS patients believed that DBS for PD should only be considered after all medication options have been tried. Patients favoring early DBS had fewer concerns regarding the surgery than those favoring later DBS.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight a variety of important considerations and concerns patients have regarding DBS and its timing. These viewpoints are important aspects of shared decision-making, as they help to identify patients’ preferences, values, and goals, which should enable providers to better navigate, with their patients, the decision path for therapeutic options to consider.
Study on the effect of raindrops on the dynamic stall of a NACA-0012 airfoil
Authors: Sheidani Armin , Salavatidezfouli Sajad , Schito Paolo
Published: April 2022

In this study the pure effect of raindrops on dynamic stall of a pitching airfoil has been investigated. The simulation was performed at Reynolds number of $${10}^{6}$$

10

6

with raindrop diameter equal to $${10}^{-5}\text{m}$$

10

-
5

m

. A couple of multiphase models based on Eulerian and Lagrangian frames of reference have been implemented to simulate the raindrops. In the first step the accuracy of each multiphase model has been appraised. As a result, the Lagrangian multiphase model, which is called Discrete Phase Model, has been proven to be of better accuracy. It has been concluded that in general raindrops has negative effects on the lift coefficient of the pitching airfoil. In addition, a lead in aerodynamic phenomena has been observed due to the presence of water drops. This phenomenon has also been observed in the formation and separation of Leading Edge and Trailing Edge vortices which come to existence in advance of the dry case. Finally, it has been illustrated that the main effect of raindrops is on the phase of force oscillation rather than the force amplitude.
Special zeta Mahler functions
Authors: Ringeling Berend
Published: April 2022

We study the zeta Mahler function (ZMF, also zeta Mahler measure), which is closely related to the Mahler measure. Here we discuss a family of ZMFs attached to the Laurent polynomials $$k + (x_1 + x_1^{-1}) \cdots \left( x_r + x_r^{-1}\right) $$

k
+

(

x
1

+

x
1

-
1

)

⋯

x
r

+

x
r

-
1

, where k is real. We give explicit formulae, present examples and establish properties for these ZMFs, such as an RH-type phenomenon. Further, we explore connections with the Mahler measure.
Capillary Performance of Nanoporous Aluminum Braided Wicks Prepared by Anodic Oxidation
Authors: Gao Fei , Lu Longsheng , Mei Xiaokang , Yu Yu-Xiang , Chai Shitong , Shen Yang , Xie Yingxi
Published: April 2022

With the rapid development of two-phase heat exchangers, the further improvement of the capillary performance of their internal wick faces a great challenge. As an important technology in the surface treatment of aluminum alloys, anodic oxidation has been widely used to develop various functional nanostructures. In this study, nanopores with diameters of 30–40 nm were fabricated on the surface of aluminum fibers through anodic oxidation under an oxalic acid system. Results showed that anodizing increased the specific surface area of the aluminum braid by 163 times, and changed its surface wettability from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic. A significant reduction in the effective capillary radius can substantially increase the capillary force of aluminum braids on the basis of capillary theory. Therefore, the nanoporous aluminum braids can be used as a novel wick in the vapor chamber to improve its capillary performance. Capillary rate-of-rise tests with ethanol and acetone were performed to characterize the capillary of this novel wick structure. Infrared thermal imaging was utilized to monitor the capillary rise of aluminum braided wicks. The capillary force of the anodized wicks was greater than that of a normal wick, and the maximum capillary rise height was 81 mm. The nanoporous aluminum braided wicks prepared by anodizing could be applied in heat transfer.
Psychodrama als Verfahren innerhalb der religionspsychologischen Praxis
Authors: Trettin Alexander
Published: April 2022

Der Beitrag beschreibt, wie Psychodrama als Verfahren innerhalb der religionspsychologischen Praxis empirisch eingesetzt werden kann, um religiöse/spirituelle Strukturen sichtbar bzw. religiöse/spirituelle Phänomene begreifbar zu machen. Hierbei gilt es, Religiosität bzw. Spiritualität als therapeutische Ressource herauszuarbeiten. Im Artikel werden zudem die religionspsychologischen Anteile des Psychodramas skizziert, die schließlich in Überlegungen zum Ritual und zur Katharsis münden. Die psychodramatische Lesung des ‚Zauberbergs‘ von vier Freimaurern dient hierbei als Fallbeispiel für die praktische Anwendung.
Bricks and Bombs versus Bullets and Batons: Protest and Regime Violence as Generational Experience in Communist Poland
Authors: Junes Tom
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the relation between state violence and public disorder under authoritarian rule in Poland. Focusing on the major crises and protests of the communist era, it examines regime violence through a double perspective – on the one hand, the way the regime resorted to physical violence to uphold its survival and, on the other hand, as a generational experience of those who suffered from it. Despite the state's use of physical violence until 1989 becoming more rationalised, modernised and efficient, it also turned less effective over time. This evolution contributed to a decreasing risk factor for protesters vis-à-vis the state. Since the bulk of those who participated in protests and riots were young people, the focus lies on the youthful dimension of public disorder and in particular the activity and experience of then students and young workers.
Dynamical Impact of the Mekong River Plume in the South China Sea
Authors: Zeng Xiyuan , Bracco Annalisa , Tagklis Filippos
Published: April 2022

Near the ocean surface, river plumes influence stratification, buoyancy and transport of tracers, nutrients and pollutants. The extent to which river plumes influence the overall circulation, however, is generally poorly constrained. This work focuses on the South China Sea (SCS) and quantifies the dynamical impacts of the Mekong River plume, which is bound to significantly change in strength and seasonality in the next 20 years if the construction of over hundred dams moves ahead as planned. The dynamic impact of the freshwater fluxes on the SCS circulation are quantified by comparing submesoscale permitting and mesoscale resolving simulations with and without riverine input between 2011 and 2016. In the summer and early fall, when the Mekong discharge is at its peak, the greater stratification causes a residual mesoscale circulation through enhanced baroclinic instability. The residual circulation is shaped as an eddy train of positive and negative vorticity. Submesoscale fronts are responsible for transporting the freshwater offshore, shifting eastward the development of the residual mesoscale circulation, and further strengthening the residual eddy train in the submesoscale permitting case. Overall, the northward transport near the surface is intensified in the presence of riverine input. The significance of the mesoscale‐induced and submesoscale‐induced transport associated with the river plume is especially important in the second half of the summer monsoon season, when primary productivity has a secondary maximum. Circulation changes, and therefore productivity changes, should be anticipated if human activities modify the intensity and seasonality of the Mekong River plume.
The Character and Changing Frequency of Extreme California Fire Weather
Authors: Prein Andreas F. , Coen Janice , Jaye Abby
Published: April 2022

Five of California's 10 largest wildfires occurred in 2020, with the largest complex exceeding the previous largest by more than 100%. The year follows a decade containing extraordinary fire activity. Previous trend investigations focused on changes in human activities and atmospheric thermodynamics, while the impacts of changing atmospheric dynamics are largely unknown. Here, we identify weather types (WTs) associated with historically large daily burned areas in eight Californian regions. These WTs characterize dominant fire weather regimes varying in fire behavior types (plume‐driven vs. wind‐driven fires) and seasonality. Most of the strongly large‐scale forced WTs such as Santa Ana and Diablo events increased in frequency during the 20th century particularly in the San Diego and Bay Area regions. These changes are likely not anthropogenically caused and the frequency of such events is projected to decrease under continuing climate change. However, significant future increases are found for WTs associated with thermal‐low‐pressure systems along the California coast and in the Sierra west region. These increases in southern California are mainly due to increasing greenhouse‐gas forcing and arise from the larger ocean‐land temperature gradient while aerosol forcing changes are driving most of the increased frequency in central and northern California due to a reduction of relative humidity over land and a strengthening of low‐pressure anomalies over the coast. These WT frequency changes could permit more weather favorable for large fire growth in summer and less in fall, further enhancing the risk of catastrophic fires due to hotter and drier summers in future climates.
Debris Flows, Boulders and Constrictions: A Simple Framework for Modeling Jamming, and Its Consequences on Outflow
Authors: Piton Guillaume , Goodwin Saoirse Robin , Mark Emily , Strouth Alex
Published: April 2022

Large boulders can jam in constrictions, both in canyons and man‐made structures (e.g., slit‐dams). Boulder jamming occurs stochastically, and partially governs the outflow rate of debris flow material. Explicit hydro‐mechanical models of boulder‐laden flows are too computationally demanding to study this stochasticity. This study presents a new framework implemented into a numerical program. This program encapsulates basic hydraulic equations and criteria predicting boulder blockage at narrow sections, along with a simple statistical way to compute boulder sizes and numbers. The program applies empirical estimates by experts of the average number of boulders in a deposit to evaluate how equivalent multi‐phase flows would interact with a constriction. The model stochastically generates boulders that can obstruct the constriction(s). The program outputs simple descriptions of the upstream flow level over time, as well as the downstream outlet discharge rate and volume. The model is fast (5–30 s per run), allowing uncertainty propagation analyses of interactions between flows, boulders and constrictions. Interaction between both low‐ and high‐risk flows can be quickly evaluated for different scenarios. For uncertainty propagation, we use possibility theory, which accommodates uncertainties relevant to debris flows. The framework gives practitioners a much‐needed generalized approach for understanding the long‐term behavior of boulder‐laden flows through canyons, or for designing engineered structures. Finally, we apply the model to a field case – the design of a proposed North American slit‐dam – thence elucidating the design requirements for effective flow control. We found that horizontal bars are necessary for dependably controlling outflow from this structure.
Enhance the delivery of light energy ultra-deep into turbid medium by controlling multiple scattering photons to travel in open channels
Authors: Cao Jing , Yang Qiang , Miao Yusi , Li Yan , Qiu Saijun , Zhu Zhikai , Wang Pinghe , Chen Zhongping
Published: April 2022

Multiple light scattering is considered as the major limitation for deep imaging and focusing in turbid media. In this paper, we present an innovative method to overcome this limitation and enhance the delivery of light energy ultra-deep into turbid media with significant improvement in focusing. Our method is based on a wide-field reflection matrix optical coherence tomography (RM-OCT). The time-reversal decomposition of the RM is calibrated with the Tikhonov regularization parameter in order to get more accurate reversal results deep inside the scattering sample. We propose a concept named model energy matrix, which provides a direct mapping of light energy distribution inside the scattering sample. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that a method to measure and quantify the distribution of beam intensity inside a scattering sample is demonstrated. By employing the inversion of RM to find the matched wavefront and shaping with a phase-only spatial light modulator, we succeeded in both focusing a beam deep (~9.6 times of scattering mean free path, SMFP) inside the sample and increasing the delivery of light energy by an order of magnitude at an ultra-deep (~14.4 SMFP) position. This technique provides a powerful tool to understand the propagation of photon in a scattering medium and opens a new way to focus light inside biological tissues.
Deep learning augmented microscopy: a faster, wider view, higher resolution autofluorescence-harmonic microscopy
Authors: Tian Lei
Published: April 2022

Deep learning enables bypassing the tradeoffs between imaging speed, field of view, and spatial resolution in autofluorescence-harmonic microscopy.
NUPR1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by activating TFE3-dependent autophagy
Authors: Fan Tengfei , Wang Xiaoning , Zhang Sheng , Deng Ping , Jiang Yi , Liang Yidan , Jie Sheng , Wang Qing , Li Chuwen , Tian Guocai , Zhang Zhen , Ren Zhenhu , Li Bo , Chen Yanrong , He Zhijing , Luo Yan , Chen Mingliang , Wu Hanjiang , Yu Zhengping , Pi Huifeng , Zhou Zhou , Zhang Zhiyuan
Published: April 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral malignancy, and metastasis accounts for the poor prognosis of OSCC. Autophagy is considered to facilitate OSCC development by mitigating various cellular stresses; nevertheless, the mechanisms of autophagy in OSCC cell proliferation and metastasis remain unknown. In our study, high-sensitivity label-free quantitative proteomics analysis revealed nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) as the most significantly upregulated protein in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour samples derived from OSCC patients with or without lymphatic metastasis. Moreover, NUPR1 is aberrantly expressed in the OSCC tissues and predicts low overall survival rates for OSCC patients. Notably, based on tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis between stable NUPR1 knockdown OSCC cells and scrambled control OSCC cells, we confirmed that NUPR1 maintained autophagic flux and lysosomal functions by directly increasing transcription factor E3 (TFE3) activity, which promoted OSCC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our data revealed that the NUPR1–TFE3 axis is a critical regulator of the autophagic machinery in OSCC progression, and this study may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OSCC.
Genetic and geographical delineation of zoonotic vector-borne helminths of canids
Authors: Laidoudi Younes , Bedjaoui Samia , Latrofa Maria Stefania , Fanelli Angela , Dantas-Torres Filipe , Otranto Domenico
Published: April 2022

Several zoonotic vector-borne helminths (VBHs) infesting canids cause serious veterinary and medical diseases worldwide. Increasing the knowledge about their genetic structures is pivotal to identify them and therefore to settle effective surveillance and control measures. To overcome the limitation due to the heterogeneity of large DNA sequence-datasets used for their genetic characterization, available cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) (n = 546) and the 12S rRNA (n = 280) sequences were examined using combined bioinformatic approach (i.e., distance-clustering, maximum likelihood phylogeny and phylogenetic evolutionary placement). Out of the 826 DNA available sequences from GenBank, 94.7% were characterized at the haplotype level regardless sequence size, completeness and/or their position. A total of 89 different haplotypes were delineated either by cox1 (n = 35), 12S rRNA (n = 21) or by both genes (n = 33), for 14 VBHs (e.g., Acanthocheilonema reconditum, Brugia spp., Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Onchocerca lupi and Thelazia spp.). Overall, the present approach could be useful for studying global genetic diversity and phylogeography of VBHs. However, as barcoding sequences were restricted to two mitochondrial loci (cox1 and 12S rRNA), the haplotype delineation proposed herein should be confirmed by the characterization of other nuclear loci also to overcome potential limitations caused by the heteroplasmy phenomenon within the mitogenome of VBHs.
Detection of heterocyclic amine (PhIP) by fluorescently labelled cucurbit[7]uril
Authors: Sun Lili , Wang Zejiang , Hou Juan , Fang Guozhen , Liu Jifeng , Wang Shuo
Published: April 2022

A “host–guest” system for 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) detection was designed. This method might be the first quick measurement technique for HCA and may find wide application in food safety detection.
NiH-catalyzed dearomative hydroalkylation of indoles
Authors: Liu Kai , Song Yu-Feng , Gao Yang , Luo Jie-Qiong , Jia Yi-Xia
Published: April 2022

A NiH-catalyzed intermolecular dearomative hydroalkylation of indoles has been developed, which assembles an array of structurally diverse C2-alkylated indolines with moderate to excellent yields.
A spray of puree: Wave-augmented transonic airblast non-Newtonian atomization
Authors: Wilson D. M. , Strasser W.
Published: April 2022

Characterization of viscous, non-Newtonian atomization by means of internal waves is presented for a twin-fluid injector. Atomization of such fluids is challenging, especially at low gas–liquid mass ratios. This paper details mechanisms that enhance their disintegration in a “wave-augmented atomization” process. The working fluid, banana puree, is shear-thinning and described by the Herschel–Bulkley model. Unlike a conventional airblast injector, an annular flow of banana puree is injected into a core steam flow, encouraging regular puree waves to form inside the nozzle. A pulsing flow develops with three distinct stages: stretch, bulge, and burst, leading to an annular puree sheet stretching down from the nozzle exit. Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities and viscosity gradients destabilize the surface. During wave collapse, the puree sheet bulges radially outward and ruptures violently in a radial burst. Near-nozzle dynamics propagate axially as periodic Sauter mean diameter fluctuations in a wave pattern. Numerical simulations reveal three atomization mechanisms that are a direct result of wave formation: (1) wave impact momentum, (2) pressure buildup, and (3) droplet breakaway. The first two are the forces that exploit puree sheet irregularities to drive rupture. The third occurs as rising waves penetrate the central steam flow; steam shear strips droplets off, and more droplets break away as the wave collapses and partially disintegrates. Waves collapse into the puree sheet with a radial momentum flux of 1.7 × 105 kg/m s2, and wave-induced pressure buildup creates a large pressure gradient across the puree sheet prior to bursting.
Flow of gluten with tunable protein composition: From stress undershoot to stress overshoot and strain hardening
Authors: Louhichi Ameur , Morel Marie-Hélène , Ramos Laurence , Banc Amélie
Published: April 2022

Understanding the origin of the unique rheological properties of wheat gluten, the protein fraction of wheat grain, is crucial in bread-making processes and has raised questions of scientists for decades. Gluten is a complex mixture of two families of proteins, monomeric gliadins and polymeric glutenins. To better understand the respective role of the different classes of proteins in the supramolecular structure of gluten and its link to the material properties, we investigate here concentrated dispersions of gluten proteins in water with a fixed total protein concentration but variable composition in gliadin and glutenin. Linear viscoelasticity measurements show a gradual increase in the viscosity of the samples as the glutenin mass content increases from 7 to 66%. While the gliadin-rich samples are microphase-separated viscous fluids, homogeneous and transparent pre-gel and gels are obtained with the replacement of gliadin by glutenin. To unravel the flow properties of the gluten samples, we perform shear startup experiments at different shear-rates. In accordance with the linear viscoelastic signature, three classes of behavior are evidenced depending on the protein composition. As samples get depleted in gliadin and enriched in glutenin, distinctive features are measured: (i) viscosity undershoot suggesting droplet elongation for microphase-separated dispersions, (ii) stress overshoot and partial structural relaxation for near-critical pre-gels, and (iii) strain hardening and flow instabilities of gels. We discuss the experimental results by analogy with the behavior of model systems, including viscoelastic emulsions, branched polymer melts, and critical gels, and provide a consistent physical picture of the supramolecular features of the three classes of protein dispersions.