bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resting respiratory lung volumes are “healthier” than exercise respiratory volumes in different types of palliated or corrected congenital heart disease
Authors: Fabi Marianna , Balducci Anna , Cazzato Salvatore , Aceti Arianna , Gallucci Marcella , Di Palmo Emanuela , Gargiulo Gaetano , Donti Andrea , Lanari Marcello
Published: January 2020

Aims

Cardiac surgery has improved life expectancy of patients with congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Exercise capacity is an important determinant of survival in patients with CHDs. There is a lack of studies focusing on the role of resting respiratory performance in reducing exercise tolerance in these patients.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence and severity of respiratory functional impairment in different types of corrected/palliated CHDs, and its impact on an exercise test.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective single‐center study involving 168 corrected/palliated patients with CHD and 52 controls. Patients CHD were divided into subgroups according to the presence of native pulmonary blood flow or total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). All subjects performed complete pulmonary function tests and gas diffusion; patients with CHD also performed cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX).

Results

Mean values of lung volumes were within the normal range in all CHD groups. Comparing to controls, patients with the reduced pulmonary flow and with TCPC had the highest reduction in lung volumes. CPX was reduced in all groups, most severely in TCPC, and it was correlated to decreased dynamic volumes in all CHD groups except in TCPC. Younger age at intervention and number of surgical operations negatively affected lung volumes.

Conclusions

Respiratory function is within the normal range in our patients with different CHDs at rest but altered in all CHDs during exercise when cardiorespiratory balance is likely to be inadequate. Comparing the different groups, patients with reduced pulmonary flow and TCPC are the most impaired.
Radiomics and Machine Learning in Oral Healthcare
Authors: Leite André Ferreira , Vasconcelos Karla de Faria , Willems Holger , Jacobs Reinhilde
Published: January 2020

The increasing storage of information, data, and forms of knowledge has led to the development of new technologies that can help to accomplish complex tasks in different areas, such as in dentistry. In this context, the role of computational methods, such as radiomics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications, has been progressing remarkably for dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR). These tools bring new perspectives for diagnosis, classification, and prediction of oral diseases, treatment planning, and for the evaluation and prediction of outcomes, minimizing the possibilities of human errors. A comprehensive review of the state‐of‐the‐art of using radiomics and machine learning (ML) for imaging in oral healthcare is presented in this paper. Although the number of published studies is still relatively low, the preliminary results are very promising and in a near future, an augmented dentomaxillofacial radiology (ADMFR) will combine the use of radiomics‐based and AI‐based analyses with the radiologist's evaluation. In addition to the opportunities and possibilities, some challenges and limitations have also been discussed for further investigations.
Quantitative Proteomics and Weighted Correlation Network Analysis of Tear Samples in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Complicated with Dry Eye
Authors: Zou Xinrong , Zhang Pei , Xu Yi , Lu Lina , Zou Haidong
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Diabetic patients are more likely to experience dry eye (DE). TMT‐based proteomics and WGCNA are used to identify the differentially expressed proteins in tear proteome of type 2 diabetes with DE. The aim is to provide a molecular basis for exploring possible mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic DE.

Experimental design

Subjects are divided into four groups (ten in each): type 2 diabetes with DE; type 2 diabetes without DE; non‐diabetes with DE and normal controls. All subjects undergo DE tests. Total proteins are extracted and quantitatively labeled with TMT, then analyzed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. WGCNA is used to identify the hub genes. Finally, differentially expressed proteins are validated by ELISA.

Results

A total of 1922 proteins are identified, of which 1814 contain quantitative information. Ultimately, 650 of these proteins yield quantitative values. WGCNA performed on these 650 proteins reveal four distinct hub genes of diabetic DE.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

DE is associated with the differential expression of tear proteins in type 2 diabetes. Inflammation, immune factors, and lipid metabolism may play a role in the development of diabetic DE. LTF, LYZ, ZAG, and DNAJC3 have the potential to be the biomarkers of DE in diabetes.
Nanoscale Resistive Switching in Ultrathin PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3–La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Bilayer
Authors: Band Tino , Rata Diana A. , Roth Robert , Ebbinghaus Stefan G. , Dörr Kathrin
Published: January 2020

Electric switching of ultrathin ferroelectric films is vital for electronic elements such as multiferroic tunnel junctions, but the large required field may induce ionic motions as addressed here. Unipolar current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of ultrathin (3 nm) PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT) grown on La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) by pulsed laser deposition have been investigated in an ambient‐condition force microscope. Topographic changes have been recorded after the I–V measurements. No ferroelectric switching is found, but resistive switching with features in agreement with earlier work on similar perovskite titanates. The onset of hysteretical I–V loops is correlated with a clear height increase in the contacted area under the Pt‐covered tip. The onset voltage of 4.5 V (−2.5 V) for positive (negative) tip bias is clearly different for the two voltage polarities. The observed height changes after applying electrical voltage reveal a volume expansion that must be attributed to chemical changes in both the PZT and the LSMO layers. A fast and a slow process of ionic motion or electrochemical reaction contributing to the observed features is identified. The slow one occurs at negative voltage, causes very large height increase, and is hypothetically attributed to processes following the electro‐splitting of the adsorbed surface water.
Spontaneous inertia‐gravity wave emission from a nonlinear critical layer in the stratosphere
Authors: Polichtchouk Inna , Scott Richard K.
Published: January 2020

Using a nonlinear global primitive equation model, spontaneous inertia‐gravity wave (IGW) emission is investigated in an idealized representation of the stratospheric polar night. It is shown that IGWs are spontaneously emitted in the interior of the fluid in a jet exit region that develops around a nonlinear Rossby wave critical layer. Two key ingredients for the generation are identified: the presence of a Rossby wave guide on the polar night jet; and a zero wind line on the jet flank that gives rise to nonlinear Rossby wave breaking and strong distortion of the flow. The emission of IGWs appears here as a quasi‐steady process that begins at a well‐defined time when the flow deformation becomes large enough. Part of the emitted IGWs undergoes wave capture by the cat's‐eye flow in a Rossby wave critical layer. Another part – in the form of a well‐defined IGW packet – escapes the wave capture limit, and propagates away into the far field. The propagating wave packet is numerically well‐converged to increases in both vertical and horizontal resolution and thus provides an ideal test bed for understanding IGW emission and informing non‐orographic gravity wave drag parametrization design.
Synthesis of Bicyclic Esters in a Continuous‐Flow Microreactor
Authors: Bai‐cheng Feng , Xi‐chao Hou , Tie‐lin Wang , Jian‐qiang Lu , Yan Jin
Published: January 2020

The continuous‐flow microreactor technique for the synthesis of bicyclic esters is reported in this paper. The synthesis time of bicyclic esters can be greatly shortened by the continuous‐flow technique, and the advantage of continuous‐flow microreactor is analyzed theoretically. Taking the synthesis of bicyclo[2,2,1]‐5‐hepten‐2‐methyl ester as an example, the molar ratio between cyclopentadiene (A) and methyl acrylate (B) is 1.1 to 1, the temperature is 353 K, the reaction time is 335 s, the yield reached 96.7% in a continuous‐flow microreactor. However, it takes 4.5 hours to synthesize the compound within batch reaction, and the yield is 93%. It is of significant to change the batch reaction into continuous production both in the laboratory and industrial production.
On extensions of $$ \mathfrak{gl}\widehat{\left(\left.m\right|n\right)} $$ Kac-Moody algebras and Calabi-Yau singularities
Authors: Rapčák Miroslav
Published: January 2020

Abstract

We discuss a class of vertex operator algebras

$$ {\mathcal{W}}_{\left.m\right|n\kern0.33em \times \kern0.33em \infty } $$

W

m

n

×

∞

generated by a super- matrix of fields for each integral spin 1, 2, 3, . . . . The algebras admit a large family of truncations that are in correspondence with holomorphic functions on the Calabi-Yau singularity given by solutions to xy = z

m

w

n
. We propose a free-field realization of such truncations generalizing the Miura transformation for

$$ {\mathcal{W}}_N $$

W
N

algebras. Relations in the ring of holomorphic functions lead to bosonization-like relations between different free-field realizations. The discussion provides a concrete example of a non-trivial interplay between vertex operator algebras, algebraic geometry and gauge theory.
Modification of jet substructure in heavy ion collisions as a probe of the resolution length of quark-gluon plasma
Authors: Casalderrey-Solana J. , Milhano G. , Pablos D. , Rajagopal K.
Published: January 2020

Abstract

We present an analysis of the role that the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) resolution length, the minimal distance by which two nearby colored charges in a jet must be separated such that they engage with the plasma independently, plays in understanding the modification of jet substructure due to interaction with QGP. The shorter the resolution length of QGP, the better its resolving power. We identify a set of observables that are sen- sitive to whether jets are quenched as if they are single energetic colored objects or whether the medium that quenches them has the ability to resolve the internal structure of the jet. Using the hybrid strong/weak coupling model, we find that although the ungroomed jet mass is not suitable for this purpose (because it is more sensitive to effects coming from particles reconstructed as a part of a jet that originate from the wake that the jet leaves in the plasma), groomed observables such as the number of Soft Drop splittings nSD, the momentum sharing fraction zg, or the groomed jet mass are particularly well-suited to discriminate the degree to which the QGP medium resolves substructure within a jet. In order to find the optimal grooming strategy, we explore different cuts in the Lund plane that allow for a clear identification of the regions of Soft Drop phase space that enhance the differences in the jet substructure between jets in vacuum and quenched jets. Comparison with present data seems to disfavor an “infinite resolution length”, which is to say the hypothesis that the medium interacts with the jet as if it were a single energetic colored object. Our analysis indicates that as the precision of experimental measurements of jet substructure observables and the control over uncertainties in their calculation improves, it will become possible to use comparisons like this to constrain the value of the resolution length of QGP, in addition to seeing how the substructure of jets is modified via their passage through it.
Strong Site Effect Revealed by a New Broadband Seismometer on the Continental Shelf Offshore Nice Airport (Southeastern France)
Authors: Courboulex Francoise , Mercerat E. Diego , Deschamps Anne , Migeon Sébastien , Baques Marion , Larroque Christophe , Rivet Diane , Hello Yann
Published: January 2020

A broadband seismological station (PRIMA) installed offshore Nice airport (southeastern France) reveals a strong amplification effect of seismic waves. PRIMA station was in operation for 2 years (9/2016 to 10/2018) on the outer shelf at a water depth of 18 m. Situated at the mouth of the Var River, this zone is unstable and prone to landslides. A catastrophic landslide and tsunami already occurred in 1979, causing 10 casualties. Given the level of seismicity of the area, it is important to infer the impact of an earthquake on this zone. We analyze the recordings of earthquakes and seismic noise at the PRIMA station by comparing them to nearby inland stations. We find that the seismic waves are strongly amplified at PRIMA at some specific frequencies (with an amplification factor greater than 10 at 0.9 Hz). Using geological and geophysical data, we show that the main amplification frequency peak (at 0.9 Hz) is due to the velocity contrast between the Pliocene sedimentary layer and fine-grained sediments dated from the Holocene, at about 100 m depth. This velocity contrast is also present along the Var valley, but the level of amplification detected on PRIMA station is larger. Using numerical simulations of seismic waves in a 2D model that accounts for the pinch-out geometry related to the termination of the Holocene sedimentary layer, we can partially explain this amplification. This offshore site effect could have a crucial impact on the triggering of a submarine landslide by an earthquake in this region. More generally, this effect should be taken into account for the modeling of landslides and induced tsunamis triggered by seismic waves.
Specific gravity of inner and outer beech bark
Authors: Winter Heiko
Published: January 2020

For beech bark (Fagus sylvatica), specific gravity was measured by means of pycnometer and by water immersion. The pycnometer was suitable for measurement of all analysed sample types. Water immersion method could only be applied to beech wood, whole and inner beech bark. Specific gravities of whole beech bark (0.58 ± 0.04), inner beech bark (0.57 ± 0.05) and outer beech bark (0.75 ± 0.06) differed significantly.
Complementary role of computed tomography texture analysis for differentiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in the portal-venous enhancement phase
Authors: Reinert Christian Philipp , Baumgartner Karolin , Hepp Tobias , Bitzer Michael , Horger Marius
Published: January 2020

Purpose

To assess the role of CT-texture analysis (CTTA) for differentiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNEN) in the portal-venous phase as compared with visual assessment and tumor-to-pancreas attenuation ratios.

Methods

53 patients (66.1 ± 8.6y) with PDAC and 42 patients (65.5 ± 12.2y) with PNEN who underwent contrast-enhanced CT for primary staging were evaluated. Volumes of interests (VOIs) were set in the tumor tissue at the portal-venous phase excluding adjacent structures. Based on pyradiomics library, 92 textural features were extracted including 1st, 2nd, and higher order features, and then compared between PNEN and PDAC. The visual assessment classified tumors into hypo-, iso-, or hyperdense to pancreas parenchyma or into homogeneous/heterogeneous. Additionally, attenuation ratios between the tumors and the non-involved pancreas were calculated.

Results

8/92 (8.6%) highly significant (p < 0.005) discriminatory textural features between PDAC and PNEN were identified including the 1st order features “median,” “total energy,” “energy,” “10th percentile,” “90th percentile,” “minimum,” “maximum,” and the 2nd order feature “Gray-Level co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) Informational Measure of Correlation (Imc2).” In PNEN, the higher order feature “GLSZM Small Area High Gray-Level Emphasis” proved significantly higher in G1 compared to G2/3 tumors (p < 0.05). The tumor/parenchyma ratios as well as the visual assessment into hypo-/iso-/hyperdense or homogeneous/heterogeneous did not significantly differ between PDAC and PNEN.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that CTTA is a feasible tool for differentiation of PNEN from PDAC and also of G1 from G2/3 PNEN in the portal-venous phase. Visual assessment and tumor-to-parenchyma ratios were not useful for discrimination.
No effect of age, gender and total intracranial volume on brainstem MR planimetric measurements
Authors: Mangesius Stephanie , Hussl Anna , Tagwercher Susanne , Reiter Eva , Müller Christoph , Lenhart Lukas , Krismer Florian , Mahlknecht Philipp , Schocke Michael , Gizewski Elke R. , Poewe Werner , Seppi Klaus
Published: January 2020

Objectives

MR planimetry of brainstem structures can be helpful for the discrimination of Parkinsonian syndromes. It has been suggested that ageing might influence brainstem MR measurements assessed by MR planimetry, while effects of gender and total intracranial volume (TIV) have not been assessed so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate age, gender and TIV effects on brainstem MR planimetric measures.

Methods

Brainstem MR planimetric measures of diameters (midbrain, pons, middle and superior cerebellar peduncle) and areas (pons and midbrain), the derived ratios, and the magnetic resonance Parkinsonism index (MRPI) were assessed on 1.5-T MR images in a large cohort of 97 healthy controls and analysed for the influence of age, gender and TIV with univariate and multivariate linear models.

Results

Neither gender nor age effects on planimetric measurements were observed in the population relevant for the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative Parkinsonism, aged 50 to 80 years, except for single area-derived measurements, with gender effects on pontine area (p = 0.013) and age effects on midbrain area (p = 0.037). Results were similar upon inclusion of the TIV in the analyses.

Conclusions

There is no need to correct for age, gender or TIV when using brainstem-derived MR planimetric measurements in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative Parkinsonism.

Key Points

• There were no gender effects on single or combined imaging measurements of the brainstem in the population aged 50 to 80 years, the age range relevant for the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative Parkinsonism (except for pontine area).

• There were no age effects on single or combined imaging measurements of the brainstem in the population aged 50 to 80 years, the age range relevant for the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative Parkinsonism (except for midbrain area).

• There is no need for age- or gender-specific cut-offs for the relevant age group.
Lesion size and circumferential range identified as independent risk factors for esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Chen Meihong , Dang Yini , Ding Chao , Yang Jiajia , Si Xinmin , Zhang Guoxin
Published: January 2020

Background and aim

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is used to treat early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions. Patients undergoing ESD are prone to esophageal stenosis, which impairs therapeutic efficacy and quality of life. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the potential association between patient demographics and esophageal lesion characteristics with the risk of esophageal stenosis following ESD.

Methods

For this retrospective study 190 consecutive patients who underwent ESD between January 2013 and January 2015 were recruited. Data on patient demographics, esophageal lesion-related factors, operation details, esophageal stenosis occurrence and measures taken to prevent or treat stricture were collected, and the normality of distribution of each indicator was assessed with a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Stenosis risk factors were then identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Post-ESD esophageal stenosis occurred in 51 cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors. A history of EMR/ESD (OR = 4.185, 95% CI: 1.511–11.589), resection circumferential diameter (OR = 1.721, 95% CI: 1.135–2.610), non-en bloc resection (OR = 7.413, 95% CI: 2.398–22.921), submucosal infiltration (OR = 3.449, 95% CI: 1.014–11.734) and circumferential resection range (OR = 57.493, 95% CI: 17.236–191.782) were identified as independent risk factors for post-ESD esophageal stenosis. Spraying porcine fibrin adhesive on the resection bed reduced neither the incidence of postoperative stenosis nor the extent of postoperative dilation.

Conclusion

Post-ESD esophageal stenosis is significantly related to size and circumferential range of lesion resection. EMR/ESD history, non-en bloc resection and submucosal infiltration may be additional risk factors.
Disruption and bactericidal indices depicted in polygonal graphs to show multiple outcome effects of root canal irrigant supplements on single- and dual-species biofilms
Authors: Bryce G. , Pratten J. , Ready D. , Ng Y.-L. , Gulabivala K.
Published: January 2020

Objectives

The aims of this study were to (1) investigate the relative time-dependent disruption and bactericidal effects of detergent-type surfactants on single- or dual-species biofilms of root canal isolates and (2) to examine the utility of polygonal graphs for depiction of biofilm disruption and cell killing.

Materials and methods

Single-species biofilms of Streptococcus sanguinis, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis were grown on nitro-cellulose membranes for 72 h and immersed in Tween®80, cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) for 1-, 5- or 10-min (n = 3 per test). The number of viable and non-viable bacteria “disrupted” from the biofilm and those “remaining-attached” was determined using a viability stain in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy. The data were analysed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test with 5% significance level.

Results

Gram-negative obligate anaerobes were more susceptible to cell removal than gram-positive facultative anaerobes. The majority of cells were disrupted after 1-min of exposure; however, the extent varied according to the agent and species. CTAB and SDS were more effective than Tween 80™ at disrupting biofilms and killing cells but all agents failed to achieve 100% disruption/kill.

Conclusions

Biofilm disruption and cell viability were influenced by the species, the test agent and the duration of exposure. CTAB and SDS were more effective in biofilm disruption than Tween 80™. Graphical depiction of biofilm disruption- and viability-outcomes provides an alternative means of simultaneously visualising and analysing relative efficacy in different domains.

Clinical relevance

Surfactants were not as effective at biofilm disruption as NaOCl but may be added to other non-disruptive antibacterial agents to enhance this property.
Systemic therapy following craniotomy in patients with a solitary breast cancer brain metastasis
Authors: Hulsbergen Alexander F. C. , Cho Logan D. , Mammi Marco , Lamba Nayan , Smith Timothy R. , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Broekman Marike L. D. , Lin Nancy U.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

To describe practice patterns and patient outcomes with respect to the use of postoperative systemic therapy (ST) after resection of a solitary breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM).

Methods

A multi-institutional retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing resection of a single BCBM without extracranial metastases was performed to describe subtype-specific postoperative outcomes and assess the impact of types of ST on site of recurrence, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results

Forty-four patients were identified. Stratified estimated survival was 15, 24, and 23 months for patients with triple negative, estrogen receptor positive (ER+), and HER2+ BCBMs, respectively. Patients receiving postoperative ST had a longer median PFS (8 versus 4 months, adjusted p-value 0.01) and OS (32 versus 15 months, adjusted p-value 0.21). Nine patients (20%) had extracranial progression, 23 (52%) had intracranial progression, three (8%) had both, and nine (20%) did not experience progression at last follow-up. Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative hormonal therapy was associated with longer OS (HR 0.26; 95% CI 0.08–0.89; p = 0.03) but not PFS (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.08–1.47, p = 0.15) in ER+ patients. Postoperative HER2-targeted therapy was not associated with longer OS or PFS in HER2+ patients.

Conclusions

Disease progression occurred intracranially more often than extracranially following resection of a solitary BCBM. In ER+ patients, postoperative hormonal therapy was associated with longer OS. Postoperative HER2-targeted therapy did not show survival benefit in HER2+ patients. These results should be validated in larger cohorts.
Temperature Dependence of Thermoelectric Homogeneity of Noble Metal Thermocouples
Authors: Edler Frank , Huang Kai
Published: January 2020

This paper describes the results of low-temperature investigations of the thermoelectric inhomogeneity of conventional standardized noble metal thermocouples (types S and R, Au/Pt and Pt/Pd thermocouples) and of non-standardized Pt/Rh-alloyed thermocouples which have undergone initial annealing at 400 °C for 24 h. The investigations aim to verify the generally accepted practice of using a linear relationship between the inhomogeneity and the measured electromotive force (emf). Immersion profile measurements were carried out in a salt bath at temperatures of about 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C. These temperatures are below the critical temperature range of the selective Rh oxidation of Pt/Rh-alloyed thermocouples. Therefore, the results of the homogeneity investigations should not be influenced by such reversible oxidations effects. Nevertheless, the results of the homogeneity tests at 500 °C showed a deviation from the linearity of the measured inhomogeneities of the thermocouples containing Pt/Rh alloys related to the measurements at 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C. The results obtained with the Au/Pt and Pt/Pd thermocouples confirmed the above-mentioned assumption of the linear relationship between the magnitude of the inhomogeneities and the thermoelectric voltages measured. An additional investigation of a multi-wire thermocouple consisting of non-standardized Pt/Rh alloys (Pt5%Rh, Pt17%Rh, and Pt20%Rh) and a pure platinum thermoelement confirmed the results obtained with the standardized type S and R thermocouples and allowed conclusions to be drawn about re-ordering effects of the Pt/Rh-alloyed thermocouples, which are strongly related to the initial annealing temperature of 400 °C.
Drones Are Flying outside of Segregated Airspace in Poland
Authors: Konert Anna , Kasprzyk Piotr
Published: January 2020

Poland was one of the first European countries to adopt a national regulatory framework for the operation of drones. During its first years (2013–2016), the national regulator was more focused on VLOS operations, and BVLOS operations were possible only in segregated airspace. Since 2019, a new law has allowed for certain types of BVLOS operations to be conducted outside of segregated airspace, at very low levels. This paper will analyze how national legislation is dealing with this new technology, focusing on the new law on BVLOS operations. As the national regulation will be replaced in June 2020 by common European rules that have been adopted 2019, this paper also aims to highlight the most important provisions of the EU regulation.
Strain path dependency in incremental sheet-bulk metal forming
Authors: Wernicke S. , Hahn M. , Gerstein G. , Nürnberger F. , Tekkaya A. E.
Published: January 2020

Incremental sheet-bulk metal forming (iSBMF) enables the manufacture of functional lightweight components featuring a load-adapted shape with a high material efficiency. The flexibility of the incremental forming process allows for the modification of the strain path through the adjustment of the tool motion while maintaining the final product geometry. These modifications generate both a different strain hardening and damage evolution. In this paper, a numerical and experimental investigation of the different strain paths is carried out to identify their impact on the resulting load capacity of gears. In experiments on the quasistatic load capacity of the gears it is validated that forming of gears with a strain path showing a reduced damage potential leads to a 50% higher load capacity compared to the most unfavorable strain path. Moreover, all investigated load paths present load changes that have to be taken into account in numerical modeling of iSBMF processes. Therefore, a new approach for a material characterization under multiple load changes and high effective plastic strain is tested. Compared to numerical modeling with a characterized monotonically flow curve, this approach decreases the deviation force prediction by around 80% without increasing the calculation time.
Deep Learning for User Interest and Response Prediction in Online Display Advertising
Authors: Gharibshah Zhabiz , Zhu Xingquan , Hainline Arthur , Conway Michael
Published: January 2020

User interest and behavior modeling is a critical step in online digital advertising. On the one hand, user interests directly impact their response and actions to the displayed advertisement (Ad). On the other hand, user interests can further help determine the probability of an Ad viewer becoming a buying customer. To date, existing methods for Ad click prediction, or click-through rate prediction, mainly consider representing users as a static feature set and train machine learning classifiers to predict clicks. Such approaches do not consider temporal variance and changes in user behaviors, and solely rely on given features for learning. In this paper, we propose two deep learning-based frameworks,$${\hbox {LSTM}}_{\mathrm{cp}}$$LSTMcpand$${\hbox {LSTM}}_{\mathrm{ip}}$$LSTMip, for user click prediction and user interest modeling. Our goal is to accurately predict (1) the probability of a user clicking on an Ad and (2) the probability of a user clicking a specific type of Ad campaign. To achieve the goal, we collect page information displayed to the users as a temporal sequence and use long short-term memory (LSTM) network to learn features that represents user interests as latent features. Experiments and comparisons on real-world data show that, compared to existing static set-based approaches, considering sequences and temporal variance of user requests results in improvements in user Ad response prediction and campaign specific user Ad click prediction.
Mixed reality based respiratory liver tumor puncture navigation
Authors: Li Ruotong , Si Weixin , Liao Xiangyun , Wang Qiong , Klein Reinhard , Heng Pheng-Ann
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a novel mixed reality based navigation system for accurate respiratory liver tumor punctures in radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Our system contains an optical see-through head-mounted display device (OST-HMD), Microsoft HoloLens for perfectly overlaying the virtual information on the patient, and a optical tracking system NDI Polaris for calibrating the surgical utilities in the surgical scene. Compared with traditional navigation method with CT, our system aligns the virtual guidance information and real patient and real-timely updates the view of virtual guidance via a position tracking system. In addition, to alleviate the difficulty during needle placement induced by respiratory motion, we reconstruct the patient-specific respiratory liver motion through statistical motion model to assist doctors precisely puncture liver tumors. The proposed system has been experimentally validated on vivo pigs with an accurate real-time registration approximately 5-mm mean FRE and TRE, which has the potential to be applied in clinical RFA guidance.
Burial Mounds, Ard Marks, and Memory: A Case Study from the Early Iron Age at Bamble, Telemark, Norway
Authors: Rødsrud Christian Løchsen
Published: January 2020

The point of departure for this article is the excavation of two burial mounds and a trackway system in Bamble, Telemark, Norway. One of the mounds overlay ard marks, which led to speculation as to whether the site was ritually ploughed or whether it contained the remains of an old field system. Analysis of the archaeometric data indicated that the first mound was related to a field system, while the second was constructed 500–600 years later. The first mound was probably built to demonstrate the presence of a kin and its social norms, while these norms were renegotiated when the second mound was raised in the Viking Age. This article emphasizes that the ritual and profane aspects were closely related: mound building can be a ritualized practice intended to legitimize ownership and status by the reuse of domestic sites in the landscape. Further examples from Scandinavia indicate that this is a common, but somewhat overlooked, practice.
Chemical and mechanical control of the invasive shrub Cytisus scoparius in forest clearings in western Washington, USA
Authors: Haubensak Karen A. , Grove Sara , Foster Jeffrey , Parker Ingrid M.
Published: January 2020

We conducted a large-scale, multiple-year study in harvested areas of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirbel] Franco) forests in western Washington, examining the effectiveness of control methods on the widespread invasive shrub Scotch broom [Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link]. We tested both chemical and physical control methods, using three different approaches that are management relevant: (1) triclopyr, a POST herbicide, at different times of year and on different-sized plants; (2) cutting (or brushcutting) of mature individuals; and (3) scarification of soil surface to remove seedlings once versus multiple times. We measured initial mortality, seed germination, and percent cover of C. scoparius in plots for 3 yr following treatments. Triclopyr treatment resulted in greater mortality and reduced percent cover compared with all other treatments with the effect persisting for 2 yr after spraying. Further, triclopyr had the same effect on C. scoparius cover and mortality irrespective of time of year applied. Similar to soil scarification, triclopyr treatments resulted in a flush of seedlings, suggesting that removal of conspecific competitors and not soil disturbance per se promotes seed germination. Brushcutting was generally effective in reducing C. scoparius cover in the short term, but effects did not persist as long as triclopyr treatments, in part due to large differences in stump resprouting rates across sites. Soil scarification to remove seedlings, even over multiple years, did not result in reduced C. scoparius cover. Triclopyr is an effective approach for controlling both emerging and established stands of C. scoparius.
Convoy of Scottish Trade by the English Royal Navy on the Eve of the Union of 1707
Authors: Helling Colin George
Published: January 2020

The English Royal Navy's relationship with Scotland during the years preceding the Union of 1707 is usually cast as problematic in scholarly discussion, with the navy viewed as the enforcer of an embargo on Scottish trade with France. This study examines the Scottish use of Royal Naval convoy in the first years of the War of Spanish Succession through to 1707, focusing on the North Sea region. It adds nuance to security issues surrounding the parliamentary union by arguing that convoys to Scotland were more frequent than generally acknowledged, an improvement on the situation in the 1690s, and that when combined with the small Scottish navy, provided coverage that largely met Scottish needs. As a result, in a period of otherwise fierce debate, naval protection for Scotland was relatively uncontroversial. Convoy was therefore an unusual, if belated, success for regal union, and that success meant that Scots were more deeply enmeshed in the English system of maritime security than has been often been credited.
“To Omit the Precise Rule and Strayt Observacion”: The 1572 “Bill Concerning Rites and Ceremonies” and the Campaign for Liturgical Diversity in the Elizabethan Church
Authors: Chou Catherine Lila
Published: January 2020

The focus on the rise and stall of English Presbyterianism has obscured other attempts by politically active puritans to address the problems that bedeviled the Elizabethan church—in particular, how to reconcile a promiscuously international reform movement with the reality of a national church, and the desire for parish-level autonomy with royal supremacy and statutorily mandated uniformity of practice. This article takes as its subject one such attempt, the remarkable “Bill Concerning Rites and Ceremonies” introduced in the 1572 Parliament, which leveraged the episcopal structure of the church to the advantage of the godly, empowering bishops to grant individual priests the right to diverge from the Book of Common Prayer liturgy and to adopt elements of the rituals used by the French and Dutch “stranger churches” then worshipping in London. The bill's emergence at a very specific juncture, after the statutory confirmation of the Thirty-Nine Articles in 1571, illustrates how godly Protestants sought to use newly ratified regulatory powers to their advantage and to establish that only theological, not liturgical, uniformity mattered for a functional and true national church. Moreover, the bill was legally innovative, proposing to use episcopal power in disaggregated ways, thus institutionalizing the exceptions in worship that individual bishops had informally granted to the ministers under their supervision. It offered a remarkable vision of a national church that contained within it ad hoc and multinational liturgies and that was defined not by its adherence to one form of worship but by the supervision of an enlightened bishopric.
“Fire by Night, Cloud by Day”: Exile and Refuge in Postwar London
Authors: Pennybacker Susan
Published: January 2020

Susan Pennybacker's presidential plenary to the 2017 North American Conference on British Studies in Denver, Colorado, explores the lives of four of the subjects of her book (in progress) of the same title. It identifies the kinds of archival and ethnographic sources that allow new treatments of the exile, émigré, and expatriate communities of London after the close of World War II and of those who contributed in various ways to the ethos of metropolitan political culture in the “late empire” and Cold War era. The essay focuses on the South African Ruth First, the Indian diplomat Mrs. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, the Indian academician Achin Vanaik, and the South Asian Londoner Suresh Grover, a member of the Monitoring Group, a legal assistance and anti-discrimination organization in the capital. It suggests the importance of scholarship that reckons with known and notable activist persons who led and represented many others in their challenges to global politics from a base in the “mammoth crossroads, the secure and unsafe haven that is London.”
Validation and Analysis of Nonlinear System of Centrifugal Compressor using Hot Wire Flow Measurement and Jacobian Matrix
Authors: Hossindokht Seyed Mohammad , Shahsavari Ali , Hesami Amir
Published: January 2020

A mathematical method is developed to predict surge and instability inception in a centrifugal compressor map based on Greitzer and Moore model. The method uses phase plane and Jacobian matrix to determine stable and unstable zone of centrifugal compressor and to extract limit cycle in unstable zone. In order to evaluate accuracy of analytical method, a compressor test rig facility is designed and tested in order to be compared with theoretical results. Accurate Honeywell piezoelectric pressure transducers are used to measure time averaged pressure at inlet and outlet ducts of the compressor. In order to record the flow fluctuation precisely, hot wire sensors are installed in entrance and exit of impeller. The results represent instability inception near true stall point but different from measured data. The discrepancy mostly originates from inlet and outlet ducts which causes measure stall point of compressor deviates from true one. An analytical method which is able to predict surge and instability in a compressor is highly significant for instrumentation and controlling of system.
Plastic Dissipation of the Fractional Plasticity using Modified Cam-Clay Yielding Function
Authors: Tai P. , Sun Y.
Published: January 2020

Soils usually exhibit state-dependent frictional behaviour that undergoes plastic volumetric deformation. To correctly capture such response under the framework of classical plasticity, a non-associated flow rule using additional plastic potential is inevitably needed. Recently, a novel fractional plasticity (FP) without using plastic potential has been developed, and successfully applied in modelling the state-dependent nonassociated behaviour of soils. However, the energy dissipation characteristics of FP has not been probed in depth. This note examines the plastic dissipation behaviour of FP, when modelling the constitutive behaviour of soils. It is found that the plastic dissipation of FP increases continuously with the shear strain. However, the rate of plastic dissipation depends on the initial material state in relation to the critical state line.
Identifying key players in bipartite networks
Authors: Duxbury Scott W.
Published: January 2020

Measures of bipartite network structure have recently gained attention from network scholars. However, there is currently no measure for identifying key players in two-mode networks. This article proposes measures for identifying key players in bipartite networks. It focuses on two measures: fragmentation and cohesion centrality. It extends the centrality measures to bipartite networks by considering (1) cohesion and fragmentation centrality within a one-mode projection, (2) cross-modal cohesion and fragmentation centrality, where a node in one mode is influential in the one-mode projection of the other mode, and (3) cohesion and fragmentation centrality across the entire bipartite structure. Empirical examples are provided for the Southern Women’s data and on the Ndrangheta mafia data.
“Fighting Spirit”: World War I and the YMCA's Allied Boxing Program
Authors: Park Adam
Published: January 2020

This article highlights the U.S. Armed Forces’ appointment of the YMCA to train American soldiers in boxing during World War I and so contributes to scholarly research on religion and war as well as religion and sports. As the YMCA taught the fistic art to white regiments in stateside military camps and to the American Expeditionary Forces on the Western Front, I argue that World War I was a watershed moment for both Muscular Christianity and boxing. Religious, political, and military leaders announced boxing to be ideal for the close-proximity encounters in the trenches, and they championed the YMCA as being best equipped to turn newly enlisted recruits into hardened trench-pugs. To the YMCA-military, the practical benefits of boxing were that soldiers would not just be “good with their hands” but also have a good manly character, a “fighting spirit.” In the establishment of a new world order, boxing thereby became a bellicose technique for unmaking evil others and a Christian method for remaking “overcivilized” white men. Immediately after the war—because of the Y—the sport of boxing, previously believed unscrupulous, was redeemed. Protestant Christians and a larger public recast boxing as less an activity for the morally corrupt and the criminal underworld and more an enlightened pursuit in the realization of an authentic, God-given human nature. Legalized, mainstreamed, and backed by antimodern logic, Christian theology, and white fears of racial devolution, boxing was for “character” more than crime.
Daʿwain the Neighborhood: Female-Authored Muslim Students Association Publications, 1963–1980
Authors: Howe Justine
Published: January 2020

Founded in 1963 at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, the Muslim Students Association of the United States and Canada (MSA) expanded to 116 local chapters by 1968, with members representing more than forty countries. During the Cold War, the MSA embraced the project ofdaʿwa, or renewing and correcting other Muslims’ devotional practice, and improving the public image of Islam. Extant scholarship on the MSA portrays the organization as ambivalent, if not antagonistic, toward U.S. society during the Cold War because it was deeply enmeshed in the political and religious ideologies associated with the global Islamic Revival. This article offers a different view by examining female-authored writings published under the auspices of the MSA Women's Committee between 1963 and 1980. Aspirational in scope and pedagogical in approach, MSA women's literature shifts conceptions of the MSA's political and religious priorities during this period, from one of detachment to one of selective engagement with American culture. This article makes three main interventions. First, it demonstrates that a focus on the publications of MSA female members yields a more robust understanding of how this important group of American Muslims envisioneddaʿwaas a local and global project of religious revival during the Cold War. Second, it shows that, to achieve their revivalist aims, female MSA members identified points of affinity with certain religious non-Muslim Americans, namely, upwardly mobile Christians and Jews. For these authors, the ground on which they found affinity with families of other faiths was not theology or Abrahamic lineage but, rather, a shared gendered and classed vision of raising devout children to meet the unique threats posed by modernity. Finally, this article examines how female MSA authors conceived of the patriarchally organized yet maternally driven nuclear family as essential for reinvigorating Muslim practice.
Understanding the friendship networks of older Black and Minority Ethnic people living in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hayanga Brenda , Kneale Dylan , Phoenix Ann
Published: January 2020

Older Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) people living in the United Kingdom (UK) are vulnerable to the experiences of social isolation and loneliness. Despite this, it is widely assumed that they adhere to traditional family practices and living arrangements that protect them from social isolation and loneliness. Such assumptions are problematic and can reify family networks as the main area of research for older BME people to the detriment of friendship networks which are also crucial. However, few researchers have explored this area. With the older BME population increasing at a faster rate than the older white population, further research is needed. Utilising data from Wave 6 of Understanding Society (N = 7,499, 4.3% of whom self-identified as BME), this study explores the ways in which the friendship networks of older BME people differ compared to older white people using logistic regression analyses. After controlling for potential confounding socio-demographic characteristics, older BME people were more likely to report having fewer close friends and fewer friends who live locally, suggesting that their friendship networks may be restricted in quantity and accessibility. Not only do these findings raise important questions about the varying needs of older minority ethnic people who have been largely overlooked in recent government policy, but they also highlight the continuing challenges of using large-scale surveys to research older BME people in the UK.