bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applicazione I.A. della pena pecuniaria nel sistema penale peruviano: una proposta di ricerca per dare un futuro al “presente novecentesco” del sistema carcerario italiano.
Authors: Quarta Elena
Published: May 2023

Il saggio affronta in modo innovativo la delicata questione del sistema carcerario. Elemento centrale dell’elaborato è la pena pecuniaria, un prezioso strumento sanzionatorio che gli antichi greci hanno donato al sistema penale e che, come evidenziato dalla Prof.ssa Eva Cantarella, ha consentito il passaggio dal Mondo della Vendetta al Mondo del Diritto. L’Autrice sostiene quanto affermato dal Prof. Emilio Dolcini fin dagli anni ’70 del Secolo scorso, in tema di introduzione del sistema a tassi giornalieri, aggiungendo nuovi elementi. Il Case study è il modello dei tassi giornalieri del sistema penale peruviano che si avvale anche dell’utilizzo di un software, e che, secondo la visione dell’Autrice, è una strada possibile anche in Italia per avere un effetto benefico a catena sul sistema carcerario nel suo complesso. Molti passi avanti sono stati compiuti in tema di pene pecuniarie attraverso la Riforma Cartabia che ha consentito di risolvere importanti problematiche del quadro normativo precedente, ma il presente scritto si soffermerà sui nodi ancora irrisolti in quanto punta ad affrontare le criticità ancora esistenti.
L’attribuzione degli attacchi informatici
Authors: RAZZANTE RANIERI
Published: May 2023

Il presente approfondimento si pone l’obiettivo di evidenziare gli attuali limiti del diritto nell’individuazione, e quindi della possibilità di sanzionare, gli attacchi informatici. Infatti, l’evoluzione tecnologica e le nuove frontiere della comunicazione hanno portato alla proliferazione di nuove condotte penalmente rilevanti, nonché ad una significativa espansione delle attività illecite, anche nel Metaverso, difficilmente controllabili. della materia.
Analysis of Violations of the Principle of Language Politeness in The Sultan Entertainment Talk Show Program on SCTV
Authors: Ulandari Octa , Ramdhani Intan Sari
Published: May 2023

This study aims to describe the observance of the principle of language politeness in the speech of the host of The Sultan talk show on SCTV, and to describe the violation of the principle of language politeness in the host's speech to guest stars in the talk show program The Sultan Entertainment on SCTV. This research approach is qualitative. The design of this study is a qualitative description. This research produced description data in the form of sentences of the principle of language politeness on talk shows. Data analysis in this study includes data identification, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. On data identification, sentences are classified according to the categories that appear on the principle of politeness. Data analysis techniques are carried out by presenting data, and drawing conclusions. This research data collection technique uses the listening method with the note taking technique. This method has advanced techniques, namely the proficient listening technique, the proficient free listening technique, and the note-taking technique. The research steps that are the instruments are the researchers themselves. The result of the study was a form of violation of language politeness on the talk show The Sultan Entertainment on SCTV.
Analysis of Language Errors in Comments on Social Media Twitter Account @Tanyarl (Pragmatic Studies)
Authors: Hani Siti Hasna Ummu , Ramdhani Intan Sari
Published: May 2023

This research is a descriptive qualitative research with library study data collection techniques. The subject of this research is comments on the @tanyarl account comment column. The @tanyarl account is an account with thousands of followers and has many opportunities for their tweets to go viral. One of the factors is because it contains topics that are currently being discussed or contains pros and cons that provoke a lot of comments from netizens. From several comments, it was found that comments violated the principle of cooperation in communication, so that the purpose of communication was not achieved and the communication did not go well. Based on the findings, the data found were 20 data on violations of the principle of cooperation with details of 6 data on violations of the maxim of quantity, 4 data on violations of the maxim of quality, 8 data on violations of the maxim of relation, and 2 data on violations of the maxim of manner. Violation of the principle of cooperation can also occur due to a person's habits, culture and character so that it is carried over to the social media comment column. This explanation can be a reflection to adhere to the principles of cooperation so as to minimize misunderstandings in communication.
Comparative Study of Learning Motivation Between Students Who Live in the City and Within the City of Bagan Siapi-Api at SMA Negeri 1 Bangko
Authors: Safitri Wiwit , Jumili Jumili , Supentri Supentri
Published: May 2023

This research has a background, namely the phenomenon arises based on pre-research that has been carried out by previous researchers and in accordance with field conditions which shows that there is a comparison of learning motivation between students who live in the city and outside the city of Bagan Siapiapi at SMA Negeri 1 Bangko which is characterized by students who are often late to school, students who often don't do homework, are lazy when working on questions given by the teacher in class. This research wants to know what are the learning motives of students who live in Bagan Siapi-api city and outside the city at SMA Negeri 1 Bangkok. The purpose of this research is to help increase knowledge and understanding of students' learning motivation at school. In this study, there was a population of all students of SMA N 1 Bangko consisting of 380 students. The sample in this study was 57 students using the proportional sampling method. Data collection methods include questionnaires, observations, question and answer, and documentation. In this study the data analysis technique used was descriptive statistics and used the T-Test analysis with the help of SPSS. Based on findings from studies comparing students' motivation to learn. The hypothesis is that students of SMA N 1 Bangko who live outside the city and outside the city of Bagan Siapi-api have learning motivation that is not significantly different and can be accepted and controlled for.
The Role of the East Java Provincial Government on Export Import in Industry in East Java During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Septanoris Pratama , Sutrasna Yudi , Asmoro Novky
Published: May 2023

Exports and imports have a very large role in various industries. At this time, the performance of exports and imports in Indonesia is getting better and continues to increase even during a pandemic. East Java is the second largest economic contributor in Java with a contribution of 25.01 percent after Jakarta. This study aims to examine how export and import in the industry in East Java can support national defense. The type of research that will be used by the author in this study is qualitative research presented descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the Provincial Government of East Java has made efforts to maintain export and import in East Java. The East Java government must continue to pay attention to future obstacles so that the industry in East Java is still able to compete in the global market.
Teacher Behavior and Classroom Organization that Fosters Confidence in Children's Relations with Teachers
Authors: Yusuf Ode Yahyu Herliany , Maryumi Maryumi , Endri Endri , Harliani Harliani , Erfina Erfina
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out how teacher behavior and class organization foster trust in the relationship between children and teachers. This study used qualitative research methods. The research instruments used were observation, interviews, documentation and literacy studies. The results showed that teacher behavior and classroom organization can foster trust in the child-teacher relationship by ensuring continuity of intervention, being consistent and persistent in following up, recognizing teacher observations and insights as valuable, supporting teachers in finding solutions rather than offering instructions, and providing support. emotional and social to change behavior.
Communication Evaluation in the Maritime Security Policy in the Nias Archipelago Waters
Authors: Dachi Endyka Triono , Jurianto Moch. , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: May 2023

The Nias Islands are an area that is included in the Province of North Sumatra. Nias is an archipelago area surrounded by the Indonesian Ocean. The location of the Nias Islands which are on the border increases the risk of maritime threats that might occur in the Nias Islands. The research problem is how to evaluate communication in maritime security policies in the waters of the Nias Islands. The communication factor in policy implementation includes how to communicate the implementation of maritime security between agencies in maritime security in the territorial waters of the Nias Islands. This study aims to find out how the implementation of policies and efforts in maritime security in the waters of the Nias Islands, by analyzing communication in maritime security in the territorial waters of the Nias Islands. The research uses qualitative methods by collecting data through interviews, field observations and literature studies. The results of this study were processed using the Atlas.ti application. The results of the research show that there is synergy between government agencies in charge of maritime security in the Nias Islands, but there is a need to improve communication between these agencies. This form of communication is not only carried out to carry out maritime security in the territorial waters of the Nias Islands, but also aims to carry out monitoring of marine and fishery resources. Conducting sea patrols is an activity in the form of joint communication or coordination between agencies/institutions as well as a form of implementation of RI Minister of Defense No. 13 of 2014 concerning border area security policies. Communication is the key to creating synergy between ministries/agencies so that maritime security in the waters of the Nias Islands will run effectively and create a safe maritime environment. Evaluation of communication in maritime security policies in the waters of the Nias Islands shows that there are still communication limitations that cause operational constraints.
Support Mission Task Force Kizi Konga XXXVII-H-Minusca at the UN Peace Mission in the Central African Republic
Authors: Ginting Elieser , Widodo Pujo , Setiawan Bayu
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyze the Support Mission of the Kizi Konga XXXVII-H/MINUSCA Task Force on Peace Missions in the Central African Republic. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and interviews as data collection methods, this study found that the implementation of support missions in Peace Missions in the Central African Republic were construction engineering, explosives disposal, and CIMIC.
Digital Handbook Development Design "Religious Board Games" for Early Childhood
Authors: Haqe Aulia Izzul , Wulandari Putri Ayu , Utama Windi Wulandari Iman
Published: May 2023

This study aims to develop teaching materials using a game system that is considered suitable for Early Childhood, which is still in process which is also adjusted to the psychological aspects of students. Teachers also involve students in the learning process through the Digital Guidebook "Religious Board" to stimulate children's brains to develop properly according to their age. This research also uses Thiagarajan's 4-D (Four-D) development model consisting of 5 units, but this research only reaches the design stage. The results of teaching material research according to experts show that the teaching materials developed have very feasible criteria as evidenced by the games played by students in schools, especially kindergartens, get very good appreciation.
The Relationship between Health Promotion and Smoking Behavior of Health Workers at Langsa Hospital
Authors: Elfida Elfida , Sulistiany Eva , Afnina Afnina
Published: May 2023

This research was motivated by the phenomenon that there are still many health workers who smoke their work environment, namely at Langsa Hospital even though health promotion has been carried out. So they want to examine the relationship between health promotion and their smoking behavior. Health promotion consists of advocacy, social support, and community empowerment. This study involved 50 health workers at the hospital with accidental sampling techniques and using chi square analysis tools. The results of the study found a relationship between advocacy and social support with smoking behavior, while for community support there was no relationship. This is due to the cultural culture of Aceh and allows every family to smoke and this habit is passed on to posterity even though it has been educated through various means. Therefore, it is recommended that the management of Langsa Hospital promote activities more actively so that health workers do not smoke while working and are in the hospital itself and at home. It can even stop smoking.
Analysis of the Effect of Service Quality on Savings Customer Satisfaction at PT. BPRS Almadinah Tasikmalaya Perseroda
Authors: Muharomah Maya , Santika Ganjar , Yasin Muhammad Kaharudin
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of service quality on savings customer satisfaction at PT BPRS Almadinah Tasikmalaya Perseroda. This study used a quantitative descriptive research approach using raw data and data using simple linear regression. The results of this study show that service quality has a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction. The results of the t test show that the quality of service has a major positive effect on customer satisfaction, and the results of the t test are 7661 t table 1661. Therefore H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted because the independent variable affects the dependent variable with significance values of 0.000 0.05
Implementation of the Effect of Price and Service Quality on Honda Car Purchasing Decisions in Tegal (Case Study of PT. Dova Putra Manunggal Sejati)
Authors: Undartik Sri , Reza Arie Nastio , Iskandar Khalid , Sari Fitriana Kartika
Published: May 2023

To maintain a good name in the eyes of its customers, a company competes in terms of service or price. A good and reliable payment system will increase the number of buyers, making it easier for business actors to achieve their goals to get maximum profit. Not only that, the price also carries a markup that is specifically related to customer complaints. The term "price" refers to any form of monetary compensation that consumers may use to evaluate, obtain, and utilize various combinations of goods and services from a single product. A product is anything that can be sold at a discount to be noticed, bought, used, or consumed and that can satisfy a need or tendency. Regardless of the form a product takes when it is manufactured, a company's level of customer service is an important issue. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between price, product quality, and customer service in relation to purchase intent. The focus of the study was approximately 1,894 consumers who purchased Honda vehicles in 2021. The data analysis methodology uses segregated regression analysis. By performing the Instrumental Test and the Classical Assumption Test, the study findings show that price, product quality, and customer service, whether occurring simultaneously or sequentially, have a significant influence on buyer intent.
Analysis of Environmental Education (PLH) Content in Junior High School Science Textbooks
Authors: Rukoyah Siti , Leksono Suroso Mukti , Nulhakim Lukman
Published: May 2023

Environmental problems are caused by natural and human factors, but human activities have a greater influence on the environment, one of which causes pollution. Efforts to include environmental education in formal education are one solution to overcome environmental problems through textbooks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of environmental education content in junior high school science textbooks, which include humans and the environment, maintaining environmental cleanliness, natural resources, water, air, land and land, energy, forests, natural disasters, coastal and sea, rivers and lakes. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The instruments used are documentation sheets and instrument assessment sheets. The data analysis technique of this research uses Miles theory. The results showed that the overall environmental education sub-content has not been well covered in junior high school science textbooks. Sub-content that has not been covered includes the social environment and its role, the physical environment and its changes, the influence of globalization on behavior change, prevention of the influence of globalization, understanding waste, types of waste, maintenance of waterways, the influence of noise and odor on health, understanding landslides, types of landslides, land degradation, forest functions, marine and coastal ecosystems, coastal management, river and lake ecosystems, river and lake benefits,  sedimentation and siltation. It can still be developed by integrating environmental education sub-content in junior high school science textbooks.
Quaternary Writing Skills of Class XI Students of SMA Negeri 6 Pekanbaru for the 2022/2023 Academic Year
Authors: Nurhidayah Nindya Pradana , Sinaga Mangatur , Permatasari Silvia
Published: May 2023

This study describes and analyzes the ability of grade XI students at SMA Negeri 6 Pekanbaru in writing quatrains. This research is a quantitative research because the data presented in this study is in the form of numbers. Data analysis techniques in this study use descriptive statistical techniques. The research instrument used in this study was a quaternary type poetry writing test based on the form of writing one stanza consisting of only four lines. In the test instrument used, researchers provide several themes and students are welcome to write quatrains based on one of the selected themes. Students are asked to make quatrains by paying attention to existing assessment aspects, namely the suitability of themes, diction, rhyme, language style and mandates. The formulation of the problem in this study is what is the level of quaternary writing ability of grade XI students of SMA Negeri 6 Pekanbaru for the 2022/2023 academic year? Based on the results of the study, the quaternary writing ability of grade XI students of SMA Negeri 6 Pekanbaru for the 2022/2023 academic year is classified as moderate. This is known after testing using a one-sample t test with an average of 75.43.
Protection of Children as Perpetrators of Drug Abuse in the Perspective of Law Number 35 of 2014
Authors: Dewi I Gusti Ayu Dilla Susmita , Mahadewi Kadek Julia
Published: May 2023

Currently, drug abuse is very widespread and has damaged the community that is a user, not to mention children are now many victims. Lack of knowledge of narcotics, makes children often used as a tool to trick so as not to be suspected by the parties. Parents need to pay attention and education to children considering the role of parents is very important because children more often meet and interact with parents considering that children are the next generation of the nation, so direction must be given from an early age. In this study, the author used qualitative research methods, whose scope was to describe legal protection of children as drug abusers based on the author's previous journal. This study aims to find out what factors affect children as drug abusers. A form of legal protection for children who abuse drugs.
Eli Mule Noa's Quiet Tradition: A Socio-Theological Study of the Social Adhesion of Youth of the Ebenhaizer Apuri-Alor Church
Authors: Atacay Sri Yulianti B. , Pilakoannu Rama Tulus
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyze the causes of the fading of Tenang Eli Mule Noa as a social cohesion among the youth of Ebenhaizer Pura Apuri and describe the church's efforts in reviving Calm Eli Mule Noa as a social cohesion among youth. Research methods use socio-theological studies because they have a variety of knowledge that can be a guide to preserve existing culture. Socio-theological studies provide knowledge of social processes that allow one to gain an understanding of the dynamic movement of society. The results showed Calm Eli Mule Noa the philosophy of the temple community which in its development succeeded in realizing love, joy, peace, gentleness, and also self-mastery in the life of the Apuri community.
Implementation of Billboard Implementation Policy in Pekanbaru City
Authors: Sitorus Monica Rosiana , As’ari Hasim
Published: May 2023

Pekanbaru City is a city that is categorized as a metropolitan city, as Pekanbaru is closely related to the spread of billboards. Billboards are one of the mediums for entrepreneurs in Pekanbaru. However, with the rise of billboards in Metropolitan Cities such as Pekanbaru, there are still many who violate regulations. This study aims to analyze the implementation of billboard implementation policies in Pekanbaru City and its constraints. The theory used is Thomas B Smith's policy implementation theory, namely there are 4 indicators: the idealized policy, target group, implementing organization, and environmental factors. This research uses a type of qualitative research that is descriptive. The results of the study found that the implementation of the billboard implementation policy in Pekanbaru City has not been carried out in accordance with Mayor Regulation Number 24 of 2013 which has been amended into Pekanbaru Mayor Regulation Number 50 of 2021 concerning the implementation of billboards. The obstacles faced when implementing this policy are unprofessional implementors, socialization does not reach the target group and lack of compliance of billboard organizers.
China's Economic Strategy Confronts U.S. Intervention Through Taiwan
Authors: Gusriandari Wahyu , Saputro Guntur Eko , Prakoso Lukman Yudho
Published: May 2023

East Asia has a region full of conflict dynamics, especially the spotlight to date, namely the conflict between China and Taiwan which is increasingly heated, the intervention of the United States and its ambitious strategy further aggravates the conflict between China and Taiwan. Especially with the conflict between Russia and Ukraine which has caused more turmoil because China does not want to condemn the actions taken by Russia so that the United States provides security assistance for Taiwan. so that it wants to discuss how China's strategy in dealing with the intervention of the United States through Taiwan will maintain China's sovereignty which can occur at any time there can be war and China will fight for one China policy to awaken China's power from the threat of the United States, and using qualitative descriptive research seeks to explain in detail and the structure of problems that occur in conflict between China and Taiwan.
Analysis of the Role of PPKn Teachers in Shaping the Character of Students at SMAN 11 Medan
Authors: Lubis Thaha Mulia , Rambe Abdul Marif
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyze the role of PPKn teachers in shaping the character of students at SMAN 11 Medan. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive data analysis. The source of data in this study was obtained from direct interviews with PPKn teachers at SMAN 11 Medan. The data collection of this study used interviews, observations and documenting methods. The data analysis technique used is grouping data, identifying, describing, and analyzing one by one to get the desired results and can draw conclusions from the data. The results showed that PPKn teachers at SMAN 11 Medan played a role in shaping the character of students
The Influence of Organizational Commitment on the Performance of Employees of PT Angkasa Pura II Husein Sastranegara International Airport Branch Bandung, West Java
Authors: Anggraeni Aridhita Eltia , Yudianto Kifni
Published: May 2023

Actions that show the level of commitment of an individual to the organization in which he or she works are known as organizational commitment. A work attitude that pays attention to their responsibilities, is very responsible in carrying them out, and is very loyal to the organization is a sign of commitment to the organization. At PT Angkasa Pura II Husein Sastranegara International Airport branch in Bandung, West Java, the purpose of this study was to determine the partial effect and how much influence organizational commitment has on employee performance. This study uses a quantitative approach, with primary and secondary data as the type of data used. A survey using a questionnaire was used as a data collection method. All employees are used as a population, namely as many as 126 people. For the selection of samples used simple random sampling method, namely as many as 100 people. With a tcount of 6,650 1,984 and a significance level of 0.000 0.05, the H1 hypothesis can be accepted because the variable organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. However, an R2 value of 0.311 or 31.1% was obtained which indicates that organizational commitment has a weak relationship with employee performance. The remaining 68.9% is caused by other factors that are not the subject of this study.
Application of the Think Pair Share Learning Model to Improve Learning Achievement of Faith in Qadha' and Qadar Students of Class IX A SMO Negeri 3 Sewon for the 2022/2023 Academic Year
Authors: Muhlisin Muhlisin
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine whether the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model can improve the learning achievement of PAI Islamic Religious Education on the material Believing in qadho' and qadhar texts of grade IX A SMP Negeri 3 Sewon academic year 2022/2023 This research is a classroom action research consisting of two cycles. Each cycle follows the stages of the Kemmis and Taggart model which includes four components: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The data collected in this study is the result of activities related to the implementation of learning with the Think Pair Share model. Data collection techniques use test and non-test techniques with quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. The results showed that the use of the Think Pair Share model in learning activities of Faith in Qadha and Qadhar material can increase student achievement, the percentage of student learning completeness, student learning activities, and teacher activities in the learning process.
The Role of Apron Movement Control in Aircraft Parking Arrangements at El Tari Kupang Airport Parking Stand
Authors: Bheku Rahelina , Suprapti Suprapti
Published: May 2023

Apron Movement Control (AMC) is a work unit that has the task and function of regulating and supervising order, safety, smoothness, and allocating parking stands or placing aircraft parking in the apron area. This study aims to find out how the role of AMC officers in arranging aircraft parking at the parking stand and find out what obstacles AMC officers face in arranging aircraft parking at the parking stand at El Tari Kupang Airport. This type of research is qualitative research. To obtain the results of this study using primary data sources and secondary data. Primary data are obtained directly by researchers through interviews, conservation. While secondary data is data obtained indirectly through documentation or activity report documents. After obtaining the necessary data, researchers will process the data into a discussion and make a conclusion and suggestion.Based on the results of research obtained by researchers that in flight operational activities AMC officers have a very important role in arranging aircraft parking at the parking stand because the security, smoothness and safety of aircraft in the apron area are the responsibility of AMC officers. To carry out duties and responsibilities in arranging aircraft parking at the parking stand, AMC officers must carry out in accordance with the applicable Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in order to avoid the occurrence of something undesirable. And at Kupang El Tari Airport, there were obstacles experienced by AMC officers in carrying out their duties. So it needs to be considered so as not to interfere with flight operational activities, especially in arranging aircraft parking at the parking stand.
The manifestations of asthma in a child with Williams Syndrome
Authors: Hamadallah Hanaa
Published: May 2023

This case report introduces a 9-year-old girl with a known case of Williams Syndrome (WS) who presented with chronic dry cough to the pediatric pulmonologist clinic. The diagnosis of asthma was established based on detailed history, physical examination, and chest x-rays. She was treated with Budesonide nebulizer twice a day and Montelukast once daily. Afterwards, the patient had immediate clinical improvement. In reviewing the literature, we found that some individuals with WS had a history of asthma or wheezing. However, more research is needed to fully understand the exact relationship between the development of respiratory diseases and Williams Syndrome. Key words: Williams syndrome, Asthma, Children
among Diabetic Patients in Najran Armed Forces Hospital
Authors: Almetrek Metrek , Alghamdi Saad , Alhajri Ali , Ghazwani Eisa , Hamdi Hebatallah , Ibrahim Mohmmed , Salih Abeer , Alwadai Asma
Published: May 2023

Aim of Study: To investigate what factors affect patients’ compliance with an insulin regimen as part of self-management in Najran Armed Forces Hospital. Methodology: This study followed an exploratory descriptive cross-sectional research design. The study population consisted of diabetic patients receiving insulin. A simple random sampling technique was followed to select diabetic patients among those registered at the Chronic Disease Clinics at Najran Armed Forces Hospital. A Self-administered questionnaire was constructed and used to collect data over a two-week period. Results: The study sample included 90 patients, of whom 53.3% were males. Many participants expressed poor attitudes and lacked self-management skills and the necessary health education information. There were statistically significant associations regarding the relationship between poor attitude and poor self-management. Participants’ knowledge regarding how to take insulin injections; fear of insulin injection; having a monitoring device; health conditions; diabetes type residence location education; and seeing diabetes educators were significant factors related to patients’ attitudes. Conclusion: Diabetic patients’ compliance regarding self-management advice is variable. It is of utmost importance for diabetic patients to be educated and supported in all aspects of self-management to avoid diabetes complications. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Compliance, Insulin regimen, Saudi Arabia.
Uma abordagem para especificação e verificação de sistemas dependentes do tempo
Authors: Camargo Murilo S. de , Farines Jean-Marie
Published: May 2023

Neste artigo apresenta-se uma abordagem para especificação e verificação de sistemas dependentes do tempo; ou seja, sistemas nos quais o tempo intervém direta e explicitamente (ex. sistemas tempo-real, protocolos de comunicação e aplicações multimídia). Inicialmente, apresenta-se e justifica-se o uso de uma álgebra de processos temporizada, RT-LOTOS (uma extensão temporal de LOTOS) para especificação de sistemas dependentes do tempo. Em seguida, abordam-se os métodos para análise/verificação para esse tipo de sistemas e apresenta-se a proposta de uso dos Grafos Temporizados como modelo subjacente para facilitar a verificação utilizando uma técnica de verificação de modelos a partir da lógica temporal tempo-real TCTL. Por fim, descreve-se um ambiente para auxílio à verificação que encontra-se atualmente em fase de desenvolvimento.
Exception Handling in a Strongly Typed Object Oriented Language
Authors: Rodriguez Noemi , Ierusalimschy Roberto , Rangel José Lucas
Published: May 2023

This paper describes a proposal for combining exception handling and static type check ing in an object oriented language. Basic issues for exception handling mechanisms, such as termination versus resumption and the association between signaler and handler are discussed. The sub-typing rules of a statically checked OOL are extended in order to take exceptions into account. Finally, some examples are presented to illustrate the proposed mechanism.
A G-Net Based Environment for Logical and Timing Analysis of Software Systems
Authors: Perkusich Angelo , Figueiredo Jorge C. A. de
Published: May 2023

The application of Petri nets for the modeling and verification of systems, at specification and design levels are well know. Despite of powerful structuring mechanisms available in the Petri nets theory for the construction of the model of complex systems, the designer is still likely to face the problem of state explosion, when analyzing and verifying large systems. Also, when dealing with real-time systems, the verification of timing properties is necessary. A model, named G-Nets, and a time extension, named Fuzzy Time G-nets, were introduced to the the modular analysis of complex real-time software systems. In this work we introduce an environment for logical and timing analysis based on this two kind of Petri nets.
Reutilização de Modelos de Requisitos por Analogia: Experimentação e Conclusões
Authors: Zirbes Sérgio Felipe
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the conceptual framework, the organization, realization and analysis of a requirements reuse experiment. The reuse of requirements models is investigated in two different methodologies: according to the structured methodology, the modeling process is based on the use of Data Flow Diagrams, in the Object Orientation paradigm, Object Diagrams are used for modeling purposes. The research was achieved with the cooperation of 114 students/analysts, resulting in 175 series of Data Flow Diagrams and 23 series of Object Diagrams. Proper statistical analysis were conducted with these samples, in order to clarify questions about requirements reuse.
A Framework for Developing Configurable Objects
Authors: Silva Dilma M. , Schwan Karsten
Published: May 2023

The recent boom of new application categories, such as multi-media systems, groupware, and the wide area distribution of information across the Internet, has led to further demands for flexibility in software. This paper presents a framework (COBSOM) for building configurable parallel and distributed programs where type-dependent object functionality is explicitly separated from its characteristics subject to configuration, including its performance, reliability, and timing properties. COBSOM supports a programming model where dealing with configuration issues is a central part of the design. It provides abstractions for incorporating flexibility into a distributed object-oriented application in a methodical fashion. In addition, performance issues are addressed by considering run-time execution adjustments of the basic mechanisms that influence them. We introduce the basic elements of the model. We also present Data. Object, which has been developed with COBSOM. Data Object is a complex configurable object that encapsulates data output from a high performance parallel and distributed scientific application.
Incorporando Funcionalidades de Suporte ao Trabalho Cooperativo Em Ferramentas de Hipertexto
Authors: Bento Márcia Ferreira , Campos Maria Luiza , Borges Marcos R. S.
Published: May 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um modelo hipermídia estendido com elementos para o suporte a ambientes de trabalho cooperativo. O modelo em questão serve de base para uma ferramenta, chamada HIPERBASE, para a contrução de aplicações hipermídia mais sofisticadas e flexíveis, incorporando funcionalidades de bancos de dados e hipertextos. A partir da análise dos requisitos dos principais processos envolvidos na cooperação - comunicação, compartilhamento, coordenação, percepção, segurança, autoria e adaptabilidade - são identificadas as funcionalidades necessárias em um sistema hipermídia e definido um conjunto de classes para dar suporte a essa funcionalidade.
Igrep - Um Sistema para Busca Aproximada em Textos Indexados
Authors: Araújo Márcio Drumond , Ziviani Nivio
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho apresenta o sistema IGREP para busca aproximada em textos de grande porte desenvolvido através da dissertação [Ara97]. O IGREP faz uso de uma lista invertida, composta por uma tabela contendo o vocabulário de palavras do texto e uma lista de endereços no texto correspondendo às ocorrências no mesmo de cada palavra do vocabulário. O tamanho do vocabulário é menos do que 1% do tamanho do texto como um todo, fazendo com que seja possível a sua manutenção em memória principal durante todo o processo de busca. Para consultas contendo uma palavra, a busca fica restrita apenas ao vocabulário. Para consultas contendo mais de uma palavra, a busca fica restrita ao vocabulário e respectivas listas de endereços, não havendo pois nenhum acesso ao texto na fase de pesquisa. O sistema permite desde a busca com erros ou não de palavras e frases até buscas de sequências complexas contendo conjuntos de caracteres, caracteres coringa e expressões regulares arbitrárias. O tempo de busca é O(√n) para casos típicos. Os resultados experimentais mostram que o sistema funciona bem na prática: para um texto de 1 gigabyte, casamentos compostos por 3 palavras com até 1 erro são recuperados em aproximadamente 6 segundos. No caso de busca sem erro, as ocorrências são obtidas em menos de meio segundo. O sistema contém duas ferramentas: O IGREPINDEX destinado a construção da lista invertida e o IGREP responsável pela parte de busca de padrões.
PROTEUM/IM: Uma Ferramenta de Apoio ao Teste de Integração
Authors: Delamaro Márcio Eduardo , Maldonado José Carlos , Nakagawau Elisa Yumi
Published: May 2023

Este artigo não possui resumo.
ToolRC : Ferramenta CASE Orientada a Objetos
Authors: Prado Antonio Francisco do , Couto André Alves Corrêa Ribeiro do , Lima Maria Adriana Vidigal de , Silva Tathiana Esteves da
Published: May 2023

Este texto apresenta um ambiente CASE orientado a objetos, com suporte a múltiplas visões de requisitos de software e implementação automática. O ambiente é composto da ferramenta TooIRC com editor gráfico, que suporta múltiplas visões de requisitos em diferentes técnicas de métodos orientados a objetos, e do sistema transformacional de software Draco, que permite a geração automática de código em C++, a partir de especificações em alto nível de abstração.
Patterns in CSCW Modeling
Authors: Paludo Marco , Burnett Robert , Jamhour Edgard
Published: May 2023

Modeling object-oriented systems is usually presented in a great variety of methods, however few of them consider patterns and reuse issues in its structure. The purpose of this article is to present some CSCW characteristics and put them into two different approaches of system modeling. One pure object-oriented and other pattern-oriented. The focus is to stress the particularities of groupware applications, nevertheless traditional ones can also be addressed. Some object-oriented modeling characteristics are presented initially, establishing comparisons of Peter Coad's pattern-oriented methodology with others, followed by the modeling of a Project Management case study system wilh both approaches. The results are presented by comparing both modeling considering the static, dynamic and functional modeling, follow by the conclusions of the work.
Um Sistema de Apoio ao Teste de Programas Orientados a Objetos com uma Abordagem Reflexiva
Authors: Pinto Ivete Martins , Price Ana Maria de Alencar
Published: May 2023

O artigo descreve um protótipo de ferramenta de apoio ao teste de programas orientados a objetos, chamado ATeste, fundamentado no conceito de teste baseado em estado, com uma abordagem reflexiva, para auxiliar o teste de aplicações Smalltalk. O teste baseado em estado verifica as interações entre os objetos pela monitoração das mudanças que ocorrem em valores dos atributos. A abordagem reflexiva utilizada possibilita que mecanismos de análise de objetos possam ser associados à aplicação, através do uso de técnicas de reflexão computacional baseadas no conceito de gerenciadores de meta-objetos. Desta forma, a análise da aplicação não interfere nos aspectos comportamentais e estruturais dos objetos do domínio, permitindo a monitoração de objetos específicos selecionados pelo usuário, e apresentando como principal contribuição uma infra-estrutura para capturar informações, realizar verificações, e monitorar a execução das aplicações, de forma dinâmica, sem necessidade de alteração do código fonte, graças à composição de um conjunto de meta-objetos coordenados por um gerenciador.
Padrão State Reflexivo: Refinamento do Padrão de Projeto State para uma Arquitetura Reflexiva
Authors: Ferreira Luciane Lamour , Rubira Cecília Mary Fischer
Published: May 2023

Padrões constituem boas soluções de projeto para problemas recorrentes dentro de um contexto particular. À medida que os padrões são aplicados, aumenta-se o entendimento sobre os mesmos, e as soluções apresentadas por eles podem evoluir, tomando-os cada vez mais maduros. Este artigo apresenta um refinamento para o padrão de projeto State e discute vários problemas associados à sua implementação. Para a aplicação do padrão State, são necessárias decisões de projeto que envolvem aspectos de controle relacionados ao comportamento dinâmico de um objeto, como por exemplo, a definição e o controle das transições de estado. O padrão proposto, denominado padrão State Reflexivo, utiliza uma arquitetura reflexiva para a implementação destes aspectos de controle no meta-nível, separando-os dos aspectos funcionais implementados no nível base. São definidas também algumas variações do padrão State Reflexivo para o domínio de tolerância a falhas, dando origem a um sistema de padrões que auxilia o desenvolvimento de software tolerante a falhas.
Transição Entre Projeto e Implementação de Sistemas Paralelos de Tempo-Real Usando o Gerador de Programas Paralelos
Authors: Ribeiro José R. P. , Silva Nilton C. da , Morón Célio E. , Morón Roxana G.
Published: May 2023

Este artigo mostra o processo de transição entre o projeto e a implementação de aplicações paralelas de tempo-real através do Gerador de Programas Paralelos, uma ferramenta gráfica que facilita a geração e depuração do código fonte destas aplicações. O Gerador de Programas Paralelos é uma das ferramentas do Ambiente Visual de Desenvolvimento de Programas Paralelos de Tempo-Real. Basicamente, este ambiente consiste em um conjunto integrado de ferramentas que auxilia o desenvolvimento de aplicações paralelas de tempo­ real, executadas com o suporte do kernel Virtuoso (Virtuoso é uma marca registrada da Eonic Systems). Uma vez que o objetivo do Gerador de Programas Paralelos é dar continuidade no desenvolvimento de projetos usando os métodos mais comuns (tradicionais ou orientados-a-objeto), um exemplo é mostrado para ilustrar os recursos oferecidos pela ferramenta, cuja primeira versão está disponível em http://www.dc.ufscar.br/~tev/tev.html.
Polynomials Related to Generalized Fibonacci Sequence
Authors: Singh Teeth Manjeet , Harne Sanjay
Published: May 2023

The Fibonacci polynomials are a polynomial sequence that can be considered as a generalization of the Fibonacci numbers. Fibonacci polynomials are defined by a recurrence relation: Fnx=xFn−1x+Fn−2x,n≥2 where F0=0,F1=1. The first few Fibonacci polynomials are F0=0, F0x=0, F1x=1, F2x=x, F3x=x2+1. In this chapter, we extend the Fibonacci recurrence relation to define the sequence {Kn} and will derive some properties of this sequence. We also define four comparison sequences {Pn}, {Qn}, {Rn}, and {Sn} and obtain some identities with the help of generating matrix.
Evaluation of Effect of Modic Changes on Treatment Outcomes of Nonspecific Low Back Pain Patients Presenting to 501 Hospitals Receiving Conservative Treatments
Authors: Ghazimirsaeid Seyed Shahab , Sadeghi Alireza , Boustani Mohammadreza , Gerami Reza
Published: May 2023

Background: Modic changes (MC) are among the pain generators in the lumbar spine and could affect back pain treatments. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of MC on the treatment outcomes of low back pain (LBP) patients who underwent conservative treatments. Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed on 166 nonspecific LBP patients presenting to 501 Hospital receiving conservative treatments. The patients were categorized based on their MC status, which was determined using a magnetic resonance imaging scan at baseline. Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was considered a measure of back pain and disability using a valid and reliable questionnaire for each participant. The data were collected on the age, gender, and duration of pain for each participant. The follow-up JOA score was also calculated for each patient after 6-month conservative treatments. The patient was considered improved if the JOA change score was higher than 0. Results: The average baseline JOA score in MC patients was 14.3 (2.2); however, it was 14.4 (2.0) in patients without MC (P = 0.750). After 6-month conservative treatments, the average JOA score reached 16.7 (3.4) and 17.1 (2.9) in patients with and without MC, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in this regard (P = 0.540). The proportion of improved cases was 70.7%, 82.8%, 63.4%, and 50.0% in no MC, MC type I, MC type II, and MC type III, respectively, with no statistically significant difference among the groups (P = 0.561). Conclusions: A 6-month conservative treatment was a safe and effective approach to improving the clinical condition of patients with LBP. However, there was no association between the presence of MC or any specific type of MC and treatment outcomes.
Den indre språkkjensla og talespråkleg variasjon som utgangspunkt for grunnleggande grammatikkundervisning
Authors: Søfteland Åshild , Hagemann Kristin
Published: May 2023

Hovudmålet med artikkelen er å skissere eit grunnleggande rammeverk for grammatikkundervisning i norsk skule som bygger på grammatikkforskingsfeltet. Skulegrammatikkdebatten har ei lang historie, men vi tar utgangspunkt i forholda slik dei er i Noreg i dag, med den grunnleggande grammatikkundervisninga som mål. I lys av nyare grammatikkdidaktisk forsking drøftar vi kva grammatikk er, kva formålet med grammatikkundervisning bør vere, og kva pedagogiske rammer det bør byggast rundt. Vi viser blant anna til norsk didaktikkforsking som tar i bruk elevanes fleirspråklege ressursar i undervisning om grammatiske strukturar, til nederlandsk forsking som framhevar elevars bevisstheit om fleirtydigheit og oppøving av språkvitskapleg argumentasjon, og amerikansk didaktikkforsking som brukar grammatikkundervisninga for å lære elevar vitskapleg metode, noko som samtidig medfører positive haldningar til språkleg variasjon. Barn flest har ei naturleg interesse for språk som bør takast vare på for å fremje kunnskap om og engasjement for arbeid med språklege strukturar. For å få det til bør den grunnleggande grammatikkundervisninga i større grad bygge på den indre språkkompetansen elevane har med seg frå språk dei kan frå før, med talespråket som det primære studieobjektet, og skiljast meir frå skriveundervisninga, spesielt frå arbeid med rettskriving og andre normative tilnærmingar til språk.