bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpretable Attention-based Transfer Learning in Plasma Catalysis: A Study on the Role of Surface Charge
Authors: Shao Ketong , Dilip Lele Aditya , Shi Zhiyu , Miller Victor , Ju Yiguang , Mesbah Ali
Published: February 2025

Low-temperature plasma catalysis holds promise for electrification of energy-intensive chemical processes such as methane reforming and ammonia synthesis. However, fundamental understanding of plasma-catalyst interactions, essential for catalyst design and screening...
Does Plasma Membrane Transbilayer Asymmetry Coupled to Lipid Nanodomains Drive Fast Kinetics of FGF2 Membrane Translocation into the Extracellular Space?
Authors: Lolicato Fabio , Kaur Manpreet , Knez Ana Marija , Saleppico Roberto , Nickel Walter
Published: February 2025

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) is a potent mitogen secreted from mammalian cells through an unconventional secretory pathway. This process is mediated by direct translocation of FGF2 across the plasma...
One step gamma-ray induced crosslinking and sterilization of electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/collagen composite scaffolds
Authors: Jeong Jin-Oh , Jeong Sung In , Park Jong-Seok , Ju Young Min , Lee Sang Jin , Lim Youn-Mook
Published: February 2025

Sterilizing biomaterials before implantation is crucial, but this process can sometimes alter the physical, chemical, and morphological properties of collagen-based biomaterials, potentially leading to weaknesses.
Recyclable sodium titanate/graphite oxide/polyurethane polymer for efficient removal of radioactive strontium(ii) from contaminated water
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wang Yijun , Zhang Xinyan , Wang Xinlu , Qin Chuanyu
Published: February 2025

A novel ternary polymer of sodium titanate/graphite oxide/polyurethane (sodium titanate/GO/PUP) was synthesized in this work as an adsorbent for eliminating radioactive strontium from wastewater.
Promoting effect of hierarchical zeolite on Ag catalysts for the gas-phase selective hydrogenation of α-methylacrolein
Authors: Ai Lin , Ding Hui , Jiao Yutong , Zhou Zeling , Wu Xiao-Feng , Li Peidong , Huang Shengjun
Published: February 2025

In the field of heterogeneous catalysis, the selective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehyde to α,β-unsaturated alcohol is a prominent focus in the synthesis of fine chemicals. Herein, we present a straightforward...
Fatty acyl-AMP ligases in bacterial natural product biosynthesis
Authors: Liong Anne , Leão Pedro N.
Published: February 2025

FAAL enzymes play a crucial role in the biosynthesis of many natural products containing fatty acids. This review traces the history of FAALs, from their initial discovery to their widespread function in the biosynthesis of natural products.
Contactless health monitoring in autonomous self-reporting ceramic coatings
Authors: Pöllmann Peter J. , Lellig Sebastian , Bogdanovski Dimitri , Navidi Kashani Amir Hossein , Holzapfel Damian M. , Azina Clio , Schweizer Peter , Hans Marcus , Zöll Paula , Primetzhofer Daniel , Kolozsvári Szilárd , Polcik Peter , Michler Johann , Schneider Jochen M.
Published: February 2025

Proof of concept for contactless tracking of phase transitions and grain growth in self-reporting ceramic Cr–Al–B coatings by contactless resistivity measurements. The results are verified by state-of-the-art in situ and ex situ methods.
Equal volume impregnation–air calcination synthesis of lithium-doped MgO nanoplates for enhanced antibacterial performance
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Pu Junmei , Zu Yanqun , He Yongmei , Zhan Fangdong , Li Xi , Zhao Jiao
Published: February 2025

Li doping enhanced the ability of nano-MgO to adsorb oxygen and generate ROS, further improving its antibacterial performance.
Luliconazole–niacinamide lipid nanocarrier laden gel for enhanced treatment of vaginal candidiasis: in vitro, ex vivo, in silico and preclinical insights
Authors: Satapathy Bhabani Sankar , Zafar Ameeduzzafar , Warsi Musarrat Husain , Behera Sritam , Mohanty Dibya Iochan , Mujtaba Md Ali , Mohanty Mahaprasad , Upadhyay Atul Kumar , Khalid Mohammad
Published: February 2025

A lipid-based nanocarrier system is a novel technique for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs through topical delivery.
Synergistic polyphenol–amino acid nanoparticles: a new strategy for reactive oxygen species management
Authors: Ye Huizhou , Cai Jiayin , Shen Zhihao , Qian Qiuping , Zhang Chunxia
Published: February 2025

Polyphenols exhibit strong antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory but are limited by chemical instability and low bioavailability.
Scalability of Graph Neural Network in Accurate Prediction of Frictional Contact Network in Suspensions
Authors: Aminimajd Armin , Maia Joao , Singh Abhinendra
Published: February 2025

Dense suspensions often exhibit shear thickening, characterized by a dramatic increase in viscosity under large external forcing. This behavior has recently been linked to the formation of a system-spanning frictional...
Comprehensive Insights into Electrochemical Nicotine Sensing Technologies
Authors: P K Udhaya Ganesh , Sagayaraj Prince J.J. , Maruthapillai Arthanareeswari , Kim Hyoung-il , Sekar Karthikeyan , Gunasekaran Sundaram
Published: February 2025

Nicotine is a significant alkaloid prevalent in tobacco products. Given the addictive nature of tobacco products and the health risks associated with their consumption, precise and real-time monitoring of nicotine is...
A nitric oxide-boosting molecular agent to enhance mild-temperature photothermal therapy
Authors: Zhang Xinhao , Pan Wei , Kuang Jialin , Wang Kaiye , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: February 2025

A molecular agent was developed for enhanced mild-temperature photothermal therapy through producing NO, inhibiting heat shock proteins, and reversing tumor thermoresistance.
CsPbI2Br Quantum Dots Integration for High Performance Organic Photovoltaics and Photodetectors
Authors: Gao Dawei , Yang Yujie , Zhou Xinyang , Sun Yuandong , Miao Weiqiang , Liu Dan , Li Wei , Wang Tao
Published: February 2025

Organic semiconductors promise highly-flexible, solution-processable electronics, and have attracted great attentions in applications photovoltaics and photodetectors. However, they also suffer from large exciton binding energy and poor charge transport ability,...
CO2-crosslinked Cellulose for Radiative-cooling-driven Passive Thermoelectric Devices: One Stone Two Birds
Authors: Li Legeng , Xing Doudou , Yu Hao , Wang Zhihan , Zhou Yingjie , Yan Feng
Published: February 2025

Radiative-cooling-driven passive thermoelectric device (RC-TED) offers a potentially sustainable energy solution. However, most RC-TED strategies utilize unsustainable polymers. Herein, a green and sustainable CO2-crosslinked cellulose (Pulp-CO2) was developed for use...
Role of the Oxide in Memristive Quasi-1D Silicon Nanowire
Authors: Chen Junrui , Bhardwaj Kapil , Carrara Sandro
Published: February 2025

Memristors are garnering significant attention due to their high similarity to biological neurons and synapses, alongside their unique physical mechanisms. Biosensors exhibiting memristive behaviour have demonstrated substantial efficacy in detecting...
Zn0.5Cd0.5Se quantum dot-integrated MOF-derived C/N–CeO2 photocatalyst for enhanced H2O2 production and O2 evolution reactions
Authors: Panda Jayashree , Sahu Jyotirmayee , Parida Kulamani
Published: February 2025

Zn0.5Cd0.5Se QD-integrated MOF-derived C/N–CeO2 photocatalyst for enhanced H2O2 production and O2 evolution reactions exhibited hierarchy and the desired multi-functionality of a MOF-derived C/N–CeO2 system. Part of the artwork reproduced with permission from Elsevier, 2021.
Organocatalytic asymmetric desymmetrization of cyclopentene-1,3-diones via a formal diaza–ene reaction with donor–acceptor hydrazones
Authors: Biswas Subhankar , Pan Subhas Chandra
Published: February 2025

This report constitutes the first catalytic asymmetric desymmetrization via a formal diaza–ene reaction/tautomerization with donor–acceptor hydrazones using prochiral cyclopentene 1,3-diones as substrates.
Structure and function of MDM2 and MDM4 in health and disease
Authors: Zhu Ivy Yiyi , Lloyd Alec , Critchley William R. , Saikia Queen , Jade Dhananjay , Divan Aysha , Zeqiraj Elton , Harrison Michael A. , Brown Christopher J. , Ponnambalam Sreenivasan
Published: February 2025

Both mouse double-minute 2 (MDM2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and its closely related paralog, MDM4, which lacks E3 activity, play central roles in cellular homeostasis. MDM-linked dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of oncogenesis, primarily through targeting the tumor suppressor protein p53 for ubiquitination and degradation. Recent studies have revealed multifaceted roles of MDM proteins that are p53 independent with implications for their oncogenic properties. This review aims to provide an overview of MDM2 and MDM4, by assessing gene and protein structure and implications for protein–protein interactions and functions in cell and animal physiology. We also explore MDM2 and MDM4 role(s) in angiogenesis, a critical feature of solid tumor growth and progression. Finally, we discuss the current landscape in the development of MDM2 and MDM4 inhibitors for cancer therapy.
“I'm Never Gonna Go Back So I've Gotta Do It Forward”: Exploring Posttraumatic Growth in Aphasia
Authors: Harmon Tyson G. , Williams Camille , Brancamp Tami , Hambridge Trish , Wallace Sarah E. , Evans William , Biel Michael , Cavanaugh Robert , Caputo Mike
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to explore posttraumatic growth (PTG) in people with aphasia.

Method:

As part of a larger multisite study, 23 people with aphasia (12 females, 11 males) each completed a 60-min semistructured interview during which they expanded on previously given questionnaire responses and then answered five additional open-ended questions about communication in their daily life. Interviews were transcribed orthographically, coded using reflexive codebook analysis, and synthesized into themes and categories by team members that included a person with aphasia.

Results:

Reflexive codebook analysis revealed two themes. The first theme, “Moving Toward Growth” described the process of PTG, which included categories of “Grappling With New Reality,” “Acceptance,” “Goals and Effort,” and “Improvement.” The second theme identified “Perceived Areas of Growth,” which included categories of “Perception of Self,” “Relatedness,” and “General Philosophy of Life.”

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that people with aphasia experience PTG across all three primary domains: (a) changed perception of self, (b) changed relationship with others, and (c) changed general philosophy of life and that the challenging circumstances associated with aphasia were integral to the development of PTG. Findings also highlight that PTG does not necessarily develop in a linear trajectory for people with aphasia and that processes such as acceptance, exerting effort, striving for continued improvement, and slowing down may contribute to the overall development of PTG in this population. Overall, the construct of PTG is relevant to people with aphasia, and the process by which PTG is developed in people with aphasia involves similar components to what has been described in other populations.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28394993
Research and Improvement of Muller C Element
Authors: Chen Zhizhi , Wang Qian , Chen Houpeng , Li Xi , Chen Xiaogang , Song Sannian , Song Zhitang
Published: February 2025

The basic structure of conventional Muller C element is studied and the output errors caused by node parasitic capacitors are analysed in this letter. In order to avoid such errors, an improved C element with two inverted ratio MOS transistors added is proposed to control high resistance nodes of the circuit. To reduce the power consumption of C element, two resistors are added. The proposed C element has been designed in 28 nm CMOS process and 2.5 V devices are adopted. The simulation results show that proposed C element avoids such errors and the size of the layout is 67.33 µm2.
Enhancing the localization of gravitational-wave hosts with SKYFAST: Rapid volume and inclination angle reconstruction
Authors: Demasi Gabriele , Capurri Giulia , Ricciardone Angelo , Patricelli Barbara , Lenti Massimo , Del Pozzo Walter
Published: February 2025

Context. The scientific impact of GW170817 strongly supports the suggestion that we need an efficient electromagnetic follow-up campaign for gravitational-wave event candidates. The success of these campaigns critically depends on a fast and accurate localization of the source.

Aims. We present SKYFAST, an algorithm for the rapid identification of gravitational-wave hosts to optimize electromagnetic follow-up searches. The goal is to produce a list of the galaxies within the localization volume, ranked by their probability of being the host, along with an estimate of the inclination angle conditioned on the position of each galaxy.

Methods.SKYFAST runs alongside a full parameter estimation (PE) algorithm, from which posterior samples are taken. These samples are then used to reconstruct an analytical posterior of the sky position, luminosity distance, and inclination angle using a Dirichlet process Gaussian mixture model, which is a nonparametric Bayesian method.

Results. We show that SKYFAST can reconstruct an accurate localization using only a fraction (∼10%) of the total posterior samples produced by the PE. Moreover, SKYFAST generates a ranked list of the most probable hosts from a galaxy catalog of choice in a few minutes. This list includes information on the inclination angle posterior conditioned on the position of each candidate host. This breaks the degeneracy between inclination angle and luminosity distance.

Conclusions. The reconstruction of the posterior using fewer samples than the full PE can lead to significant time savings, depending on the PE algorithm employed. This is crucial for identifying the electromagnetic counterpart. The inclusion of the inclination angle information conditioned on the position of each galaxy can lead to an optimized electromagnetic follow-up.
A straightforward protocol for extracting microplastics from freshwater sediment with high organic content
Authors: Queiroz Lucas Gonçalves , de Oliveira Hallai Luana , Rocha de Moraes Beatriz , Ando Rômulo Augusto , Pompêo Marcelo , Rani-Borges Bárbara
Published: February 2025

Extracting microplastics from sediment is critical in assessing pollution in freshwater environments. However, this process can be particularly challenging for clayey sediments with a significant organic matter content. This study proposes a simplified method for extracting microplastics from organic-rich clayey sediments and a complete protocol for sediment processing. To evaluate the extraction method, calcined clayey sediment was artificially enriched with varying organic content (20, 40, and 60%). Known quantities of plastic particles with distinct characteristics and compositions (PET, HDPE, PP, PE, and PS) were introduced into these artificial organic sediments, mixed with a saline solution, centrifuged, and then assessed the recovery rate. The recovery rate exceeded 83% for the five selected plastic types. Additionally, the method minimized particle loss by reducing the number of transfers between containers, a common issue in other microplastic extraction protocols. Based on the efficiency of the extraction method, we proposed and applied a protocol for environmental samples. The protocol comprises five key steps: (1) drying sediment samples, (2) density separation, (3) filtering, (4) digestion of organic matter, and (5) visual analysis. This protocol extracted a wide variety of microplastics with diverse shapes, colors, sizes, and polymeric compositions. These results demonstrate that the proposed protocol is both straightforward and effective in extracting plastic particles commonly found in clayey sediments of freshwater systems. Moreover, the protocol employs inexpensive, readily available, and environmentally friendly reagents, making it a more sustainable alternative to other methodologies for extracting microplastics from environmental matrices.
Rehabilitation beim Long-/Post-COVID-Syndrom: ein
bewegungstherapeutisches Handlungskonzept
Authors: Köppel Maximilian , Schwan Uwe , Peters Stefan , Späth Tilo , Huber Gerhard
Published: February 2025

Dank flächendeckender Impfungen konnten die COVID-19-bedingte Letalität und
Hospitalisierungsrate substanziell reduziert werden. Dennoch sind die
Langzeitfolgen der COVID-19-Infektionen damit nicht beseitigt. Etwa die Hälfte
der Betroffenen berichtet auch nach Ende der Infektion von persistierenden
Symptomen, dem Long-COVID- bzw. Post-COVID-Syndrom (LCS/PCS). Zwar können einige
Kardinalsymptome des LCS/PCS ausgemacht werden, aber keineswegs alle Betroffenen
leiden unter diesen. Auch ansonsten bleibt das Krankheitsbild sehr heterogen und
kann in Extremfällen in einer schweren, der Myalgischen Enzephalomyelitis
(Chronisches Fatigue-Syndrom) vergleichbaren Symptomatik münden. Dank ihrer
vielseitigen Wirkungen und Wirkmechanismen stellt die Bewegungstherapie eine
sinnvolle Maßnahme dar, dieses heterogene Krankheitsbild zu adressieren. Hier
ist jedoch kein Vorgehen nach „Schema F“, sondern ein differenzierter, hoch
individualisierter Ansatz zu verfolgen.
Thinking out of the tube: Endoskopische Befunde in Mundhöhle, Pharynx und Larynx im Rahmen der flexiblen Ösophagogastroduodenoskopie
Authors: Gundling Felix , Schad Christopher Moritz , Böss Nadia , Wannhoff Andreas , Becker Eva-Tessina , Eckert Andreas , Pech Oliver
Published: February 2025

Während einer flexiblen Ösophagogastroduodenoskopie (ÖGD) können in der Regel die Mundhöhle, Oropharynx, Hypopharynx und Larynx mit einer hohen optischen Auflösung eingesehen werden. In diesem Abschnitt des Verdauungstrakts kommen zahlreiche benigne und maligne Befunde von klinischer Relevanz vor, welche im Rahmen einer Gastroskopie diagnostiziert und einer entsprechen Therapie zugeführt werden können. Insbesondere gilt dies für Kopf-Hals-Tumore, welche eine heterogene Gruppe bösartiger Erkrankungen darstellen und bis ca. 4% der in Deutschland diagnostizierten Krebserkrankungen des Mannes ausmachen.

In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden benigne und maligne Befunde in Mundhöhle, Pharynx- und Larynxbereich exemplarisch gezeigt, welche während der gastroenterologischen Routine-Endoskopie erhoben wurden, und in den Kontext einer ausführlichen Literaturrecherche gestellt.

Benigne und maligne Befunde in Mundhöhle, Oropharynx, Hypopharynx und Larynx sind mit einem vertretbaren zusätzlichen Zeitaufwand optisch einfach zu diagnostizieren. In ausgewählten Fällen ist eine histologische Sicherung möglich. Wir beschreiben einen Vorschlag für einen strukturierten Untersuchungsablauf.

Durch eine sorgfältige routinemäßige Inspektion von Mundhöhle, Oropharynx, Hypopharynx und Larynx im Rahmen der Gastroskopie können vor allem bei Risikopersonen, aber auch in der Allgemeinbevölkerung, pathologische Befunde dargestellt und potenziell im Frühstadium diagnostiziert werden.
Green Tea Catechins: A Promising Anticancer Approach for Leukaemia
Authors: Mazur Łukasz , Balwierz Radosław , Michalak Krzysztof , Michalak Wojciech , Jasińska-Balwierz Agata , Shanaida Mariia , Biernat Paweł , Baj Tomasz , Jasicka-Misiak Izabela
Published: February 2025

Green tea catechins are bioactive polyphenolic compounds that possess a number of biological activities and potential health benefits. This review will focus on discussing the effects of green tea catechins, with a particular emphasis on clinical studies that evaluate their anticancer potential. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), either as a stand-alone treatment or in conjunction with conventional anticancer therapies, represents a promising alternative strategy for the management of leukaemia. This review was based on a search of the scientific sources indexed in the databases PubMed and Scopus using the following keywords: ‘Camellia sinensis’, ‘tea catechins’, ‘anticancer’, ‘antioxidant’, ‘hematological cancer’, and ‘leukaemia’ in combination. A deeper comprehension of the multifaceted mechanisms and findings of research could facilitate the development of novel strategies and the integration of green tea catechins into clinical practice, thus enhancing treatment
outcomes for patients with leukaemia.
Harnessing Advanced Machine Learning Techniques for Microscopic Vessel Segmentation in Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Novel Hierarchical Phase-Contrast Tomography (HiP-CT) Images
Authors: Vasudev Pardeep , Xu Moucheng , Azimbagarad Mehran , Aslani Shahab , Wang Yufei , Chapman Robert , Coleman Hannah , Werlein Christopher , Walsh Claire , Lee Peter , Tafforeau Paul , Jacob Joseph
Published: February 2025

Background: Fibrotic lung disease is a progressive illness that causes scarring and ultimately respiratory failure, with irreversible damage by the time its diagnosed on computed tomography imaging. Recent research postulates the role of the lung vasculature on the pathogenesis of the disease, and with the recent development of high-resolution hierarchical phase contrast tomography (HiP-CT), we have the potential to understand and detect changes in the lungs long before conventional imaging. However, to gain quantitative insight into vascular changes you first need to be able to segment the vessels before further downstream analysis can be conducted. Aside from this, HiP-CT generates large volume, high resolution data which is time consuming and expensive to label. Objectives: This project aims to qualitatively assess the latest machine learning methods for vessel segmentation in HiP-CT data to enable label propagation as the first step for imaging biomarker discovery, with the goal to identify early-stage interstitial lung disease amenable to treatment, before fibrosis begins. Methods: Semi-supervised learning has become a growing method to tackle sparsely labelled datasets due to its leveraging of unlabelled data. In this study we will compare 2 semi-supervised learning methods; Seg PL, based on pseudo labelling and MisMatch, using consistency regularisation against state of the art supervised learning method, in nnU-Net, on vessel segmentation in sparsely labelled lung HiP-CT data. Results: On initial experimentation, both MisMatch and SegPL showed promising performance on qualitative review. In comparison with supervised learning, both MisMatch and SegPL showed better on out of distribution performance within the same sample (different vessel morphology and texture vessels), though supervised learning provided more consistent segmentations for well represented labels in the limited annotations. Conclusion: Further quantitative research is required to better assess the generalisability of these findings, though they show promising first steps towards leveraging this novel data to tackle fibrotic lung disease.
Recent catalytic applications of porphyrin and phthalocyanine-based nanomaterials in organic transformations
Authors: Raveena Raveena , Bajaj Anju , Tripathi Astha , Kumari Pratibha
Published: February 2025

Catalysis is a great tool for synthesizing many molecular scaffolds for various applications, including fuels, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, fabrics, and fragrances. Different metal complexes of porphyrin and phthalocyanines have been developed as promising catalysts for various catalytic transformations under mild conditions, which mimic the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes. The efficiency and selectivity of porphyrins and phthalocyanine-based catalysts have been significantly enhanced by making their nanocomposites. Porphyrins and phthalocyanines have been modified by various nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterial, and nano-organic frameworks such as metal-organic frameworks and covalent-organic frameworks. Their photo-physical and catalytic activities have been studied in various organic transformations. The formation of different nanocomposites of porphyrin and phthalocyanines has been summarized, and their chemical, electrochemical, and photo-catalytic applications in different organic transformations as catalysts have been reviewed.
Photoinduced Dearomative Multiple Functionalization of Quinolines to Construct Highly Substituted 3D Frameworks
Authors: Nagashima Yuki , Shimose Asuha
Published: February 2025

Dearomative functionalization of quinolines expands the chemical diversity of highly functionalized 3D frameworks, such as 1,2,3,4- and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives, which are important pharmacophores, with minimal synthetic costs. In this short review, we cover recent reports on the visible-light-induced dearomative functionalization of quinolines with an emphasis on reaction design/strategies and mechanistic studies and provide a theoretical basis for developing further dearomative syntheses in the future.

1 Introduction

2 Dearomative Functionalizations through the Formation of Photoexcited Quinolines

3 Dearomative Functionalizations through the Formation of Photoexcited Reagents/Intermediates

4 Conclusion
Highest weight modules over Borcherds-Bozec superalgebras and their character formula
Authors: Fan Zhaobing , Huang Jiaqi , Kang Seok-Jin , Shin Yong-Su
Published: February 2025

We present and prove the Weyl-Kac type character formula for the irreducible highest weight modules over Borcherds-Bozec superalgebras with dominant integral highest weights.
The impact of compressibility in Richtmyer–Meshkov instability
Authors: Fu Zebang , Wang Chuanxing , Lin Zihan , Zhu Guohuai , Wang Kai , Luo Hui
Published: February 2025

The Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instability occurs in various natural and laboratory scenarios, with extensive studies conducted on this phenomenon. This work focuses on exploring the impact of compressibility on RM instability beyond the linear theory. We employ a perturbative expansion method with respect to the initial perturbative degree of the interface, to solve the evolution of compressible RM instability up to the second order. The second-order compressible solutions are applicable during the early stages of the instability, and then they are integrated with incompressible nonlinear results using two types of Padé approximations to extend the valid range of computational results. The translation velocities of the interface, along with the growth rates of the spike and bubble, are derived from multiple approaches: the perturbative compressible solutions, the nonlinear theory combined with linear results, two forms of Padé approximations, and numerical simulations. These results are plotted and compared. The comparison reveals that compressibility beyond the linear regime has a significant influence on the translation velocity and introduces certain corrections to the growth rates of the spike and bubble.
Vector magnetometry using shallow implanted NV centers in diamond with waveguide-assisted dipole excitation and readout
Authors: Shahbazi Sajedeh , Coccia Giulio , Giakoumaki Argyro N. , Lang Johannes , Bharadwaj Vibhav , Jelezko Fedor , Ramponi Roberta , Bennett Anthony J. , Hadden John P. , Eaton Shane M. , Kubanek Alexander
Published: February 2025

On-chip magnetic field sensing with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond requires scalable integration of 3D waveguides into diamond substrates. Here, we develop a sensing array device with an ensemble of shallow implanted NV centers integrated with arrays of laser-written waveguides for excitation and readout of NV signals. Our approach enables an easy-to-operate on-chip magnetometer with a pixel size proportional to the Gaussian mode area of each waveguide. The performed continuous wave optically detected magnetic resonance on each waveguide gives an average dc-sensitivity value of (195±3) nT/Hz, which can be improved with lock-in-detection or pulsed-microwave sequences. We apply a magnetic field to separate the four NV crystallographic orientations of the magnetic resonance and then utilize a DC current through a straight wire antenna close to the waveguide to prove the sensor capabilities of our device. We reconstruct the complete vector magnetic field in the NV crystal frame using three different NV crystallographic orientations. By knowing the polarization axis of the waveguide mode, we project the magnetic field vector into the lab frame.
Novel efficient deep reinforcement learning-based load frequency control for isolated microgrid
Authors: Shen Xin , Zhang Yijing , Li Jiahao , Zhao Yitao , Tang Jianlin , Qian Bin , Lin Xiaoming
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a Learning-based Load Frequency Control (LB-LFC) approach to manage the challenges posed by renewable energy’s intermittency in microgrids, which often causes load disturbances, frequency fluctuations, and higher generation costs. The LB-LFC method employs reinforcement learning to balance generation costs and frequency stability effectively. In addition, a novel sort replay actor critic technique is proposed, leveraging the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm and sort experience replay to enhance control efficiency and robustness. This dual-objective control strategy not only improves frequency management but also aims to reduce generation expenses. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through simulations on the isolated microgrid load frequency control model of China Southern Grid.
Hydrogen bonds vs RMSD: Geometric reaction coordinates for protein folding
Authors: Kasprzak Y. , Rückert J. , Ludolph N. , Hübner C. G. , Paulsen H.
Published: February 2025

Reaction coordinates are a useful tool that allows the complex dynamics of a protein in high-dimensional phase space to be projected onto a much simpler model with only a few degrees of freedom, while preserving the essential aspects of that dynamics. In this way, reaction coordinates could provide an intuitive, albeit simplified, understanding of the complex dynamics of proteins. Together with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, reaction coordinates can also be used to sample the phase space very efficiently and to calculate transition rates and paths between different metastable states. Unfortunately, ideal reaction coordinates for a system capable of these performances are not known a priori, and an efficient calculation in the course of an MD simulation is currently an active field of research. An alternative is to use geometric reaction coordinates, which, although generally unable to provide quantitative accuracy, are useful for simplified mechanistic models of protein dynamics and can thus help gain insights into the fundamental aspects of these dynamics. In this study, five such geometric reaction coordinates, such as the end-to-end distance, the radius of gyration, the solvent accessible surface area, the root-mean-square distance (RMSD), and the mean native hydrogen bond length, are compared. For this purpose, extensive molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for two peptides and a small protein in order to calculate and compare free energy profiles with the aid of the reaction coordinates mentioned. While none of the investigated geometrical reaction coordinates could be demonstrated to be an optimal reaction coordinate, the RMSD and the mean native hydrogen bond length appeared to perform more effectively than the other three reaction coordinates.
The Zintl pnictides Yb10CdSb9 and Yb14CdSb11: New candidate thermoelectric materials
Authors: Ogunbunmi Michael O. , Ghosh Kowsik , Donnelly Connor , Baranets Sviatoslav , Bobev Svilen
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of new materials is the lifeline of solid-state science, and it continues to offer us unique opportunities for testing various theoretical formulations and models on a practical material. Such an avenue, therefore, provides a breeding ground for technological innovations and advancements that can completely revolutionize our world. Here, we report the results of our exploratory syntheses in the Yb–Cd–Sb compositional space that lead to the identification of two new Zintl antimonides, namely, Yb10CdSb9 and Yb14CdSb11. Their crystal structures were established via single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods; the basic electronic and transport properties of the new materials were also characterized. Yb10CdSb9 crystallizes in a disordered variant of the tetragonal Ca10LiMgSb9 structure type with unit cell parameters a = 11.8473(8) Å and c = 17.1302(12) Å (space group P42/mnm). Yb14CdSb11 crystallizes in the tetragonal Ca14AlSb11 structure type with unit cell parameters: a = 16.605(3) Å and c = 12.144(7) Å (space group I41/acd). Although the structures of both compounds can be rationalized within the framework of the Zintl formalism, based on the partitioning of the valence electrons in the much disordered Yb10CdSb9 phase, the charge is indicative of a slightly electron-rich composition. Electronic structure calculations in both cases support the notion of intrinsic semiconductor behavior, as expected for a Zintl phase. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of a single crystal of Yb10CdSb9 is in line with that, and the evolution of the Seebeck coefficient indicates an electron-dominated transport mechanism, and a respectable power factor of 0.71 μW/cm K2 at 460 K can be calculated for Yb10CdSb9. The electrical resistivity of Yb14CdSb11, however, evolves in a semimetallic manner, which could suggest an overdoped sample or degenerate semiconducting behavior.
The matching effect of the cold-to-hot fluid on the thermohydraulic characteristics of heat exchangers using gyroid-typed triply periodic minimal surfaces
Authors: Wang He-Chen , Liu Guang , Yan Kai-Xin , Yang Yan-Ru , Deng Hong-Wu , Zheng Shao-Fei , Du Qiang , Wang Xiao-Dong
Published: February 2025

The triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) is a potential candidate for constructing the next-generation heat exchanger (HEX) due to its considerably high specific area and flexible topology. Considering the flow rate and volume ratio of the cold-to-hot fluid domain, this work aims to probe the matching effect of the cold-to-hot fluid on the thermohydraulic features of cross-flow HEXs using gyroid TPMS structures. The results indicate that owing to the contiguous and intertwined path, TPMS structures induce a three-dimensional spiral flow with three typical flow characteristics (“merge-split,” parallel, and circulation) from different perspectives, dominating the fluid mixing and heat exchanger. The flow rate and volume ratio have a negligible influence on the thermohydraulic features but with different intensities. Increasing the cold-side velocity with a constant hot-side velocity can remarkably enhance convection heat transfer of the cold side with an increased pressure drop, while the hot side is influenced negligibly. Finally, the total heat transfer rate is gradually raised but reaches stability due to the limited hot-side heat transfer. A slightly higher flow rate ratio is recommended for improving HEXs. In comparison, the volume ratio simultaneously affects the fluid–solid interface area and internal fluid velocity under the mutual restriction between cold and hot fluids with an optimum volume ratio of Rvol = 1.0. With Rvol from 0.42 to 1.0, the heat transfer rate is increased by 7.7%, and the outlet temperature decreases by 1.5 K. Compared with the traditional structures, the gyroid structure offers a 100% higher specific surface area and 150%–225% higher volume-based power density.
Microscale insights into gas–water interface movement in rough fractures with geometric heterogeneity
Authors: Liang Wei , Ma Hongling , Wang Xuan , Zeng Zhen , Li Hang
Published: February 2025

Rough fractures with geometric heterogeneity significantly affect the movement characteristic of the gas–water flow interface. However, studies on gas–water flow in smooth or reconstructed fractures face challenges in clarifying the specific effect of fracture roughness on gas–water microflow. This study employs the Weierstrass–Mandelbrot function to model rough fractures and develops a theoretical model for gas–water interface movement by coupling the Navier–Stokes and phase-field equations. This model provides a robust framework for analyzing gas–water microflow in rough fractures and the model is validated through contact angle measurements of coal, shale, sandstone, and salt rock. The model investigates the microscopic flow characteristics of gas and water in rough single fracture and fracture networks. The simulation results show that water accumulates in asperities of rough fractures, with its residual volume fraction increasing with fractal dimension but decreasing with larger contact angles. The vortices within the asperities of rough fractures are the fundamental reason preventing the transport of residual water. As the fractal dimension of rough fractures increases, both gas breakthrough time and residual water volume fraction increase, indicating that greater fracture roughness reduces gas–water transport speed and limits effective flow space. Additionally, four typical residual water distribution patterns (H-channel, parallel channel, dead-end channel, and rough fracture asperities) are identified. This study offers critical insights into how fracture roughness influences gas–water microflow, potentially guiding improved energy recovery and storage strategies in fractured formation.
Characterizing the photodissociation dynamics of HPCO in the S1 band
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Hou Siting , Xie Changjian
Published: February 2025

A full-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) represented by the neural network method for the first excited state S1(1A″) of HPCO is reported for the first time. The PES was constructed based on more than 51 000 ab initio points, which were calculated at the multi-reference configuration interaction level with Davidson correction using the augmented correlation consistent polarized valence triple zeta basis set. Based on the newly constructed PES, quasi-classical trajectory calculations were carried out to study the photodissociation dynamics of HPCO at the total energy ranging from 4.0 to 5.6 eV. At low total energies, the HP + CO product is dominant, while the product H + PCO becomes increasingly favored at higher energies. Furthermore, the translational energy distributions of two products are found to be energy-dependent. Owing to the strongly repulsive PES along the HP + CO dissociation pathway, the translational energy distributions of HP + CO are dominated by relatively higher energies in contrast to H + PCO. The diatomic products HP and CO are found to possess the vibrational distributions decaying monotonically with the vibrational quantum number and relatively cold rotational state distributions, consistent with the strongly repulsive potentials toward the HP + CO channel. In addition, the vibrational distributions of HP and CO are found to be quite similar due to their close frequencies, while the rotational distributions of CO have a much more highly excited rotational degree of freedom owing to its rotational constant approximately four times smaller than that of HP.
Endoscopic analysis of peristaltic propulsion of radiative hydromagnetic nanofluid with lubrication approach and slip constraints
Authors: Ahmed Bilal , Liu Dong , Nisar Zahid
Published: February 2025

Endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases increases substantially in the current era, due to its minimally invasive nature. Advancement of endoscopic instruments is also the main factor in this field that facilitate the safe and healthy treatment. Nanomaterials are more effective to enhance the recovery process of the patients. Therefore, nanomaterials are used in the drug delivery procedures. External magnetic field devices are also used for numerous endoscopic treatments. Usually, magnetic field is used in the treatments, especially compression, anchoring, and guiding nanomaterial, and gives better results that are previously difficult. Heat is also produced in these procedures; therefore, Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation effect are studied. The role of thermal radiation to maintain the cooling process is also discussed in detail. Mathematical model is designed in the presence of these effects. Walls of the gastrointestinal tract are lubricated; therefore, slip constraints are also applied. Lubrication approach is used to simplify the system of equations. The resulting nonlinear system of equations and boundary constraints are solved via the numerical-differential Solve technique with the help of Mathematica software. Numerical analysis is performed to discuss the temperature, flow pattern and pressure gradient at the wall. In this article, we studied the endoscopic applications of magneto nanomaterials for the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases such as cancer, stopping the bleeding due to ulcer, motility disorder and congenital. The results indicate that copper nanomaterials are more efficient to control the temperature and enhance the efficiency of the drug delivery process. Further role of magnetic field is prominent to control the flow phenomena of nanofluid.
A mathematical model for optimizing global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions from energy sector
Authors: Mehmood Abid , Hassan Mohsan , Ali Irfan , Jawo Edrisa
Published: February 2025

Background: Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are increasing day by day due to diverse sources leading to global warming. Meeting the energy demands of the growing human population results in large-scale carbon dioxide (CO2) production. Effective reduction of CO2 emissions from the energy sector and others through optimization is required to reduce global warming. Model: This paper presents a mathematical model that captures the dynamic relationship between carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, human population dynamics, energy use, and the progression of global warming as distinct sections. Real-time data from these sections are utilized to adjust model parameters. Methodology: First, the stability analysis of the proposed model is examined to determine whether solutions remain bounded or converge to specific states on the equilibrium points. Second, sensitivity analysis of the model is investigated and determines the behavior of the dynamic system on changes in parameters. Finally, an optimization technique is applied to the model to reduce global warming by optimizing the level of CO2 emissions from the energy sector. Results: The results of the optimization process show that global warming can be significantly reduced by decreasing CO2 emissions from the energy sector. Novelty: The comprehensive analysis and validation of the proposed model provide valuable insights for developing effective strategies to address climate change.
Effect of fire severity and presence of bamboo (Chusquea culeou) on soil chemical properties in Andean Patagonian forests of Argentina
Authors: Urretavizcaya M. Florencia , Rago M. Melisa , Caselli Marina , Ríos Campano Fernanda , Gianolini Stefano , Alonso Virginia
Published: February 2025

Background Fire is recurrent in Patagonian forests of Argentina, and is frequently associated with the die-off of bamboo (Chusquea culeou). Fire induces changes in soil properties, which may affect vegetation recovery. Aims This study assesses how fire severity affects soil chemical properties in different Patagonian forests, in the absence and presence of C. culeou. Methods We collected samples from the upper 5 cm of mineral soil from 44 plots distributed in five forest types affected by low-severity and high-severity fire, and unburned areas. Half of the plots also had C. culeou. Key results Fire severity affected soil pH, organic matter, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, C:N ratio, and cation exchange capacity. Changes in organic matter and C:N ratio varied among forest type, and variations in pH and sodium were detected among forest types. The presence of C. culeou affected soil pH, C:N ratio, and calcium. Conclusions The changes recorded were expected and could have a lasting effect on long-term productivity. Nothofagus pumilio and Nothofagus antarctica, and forests with C. culeou, varied in their soil chemical properties, sometimes regardless of fire. Implications Considering the heterogeneity of vegetation and soil in postfire environments is vital for predicting possible successional trajectories and defining restoration objectives.
Joint measurement of temperature, pressure and water height as a function of time in the candle covered by a glass experiment
Authors: Garcia-Molina Rafael , Tomás-Serrano Antonio
Published: February 2025

Rising of liquid inside a glass covering a candle situated on a plate containing water, when the flame is extinguished, is a classical experiment whose justification relies more on physical than on chemical arguments, despite a widely extended wrong explanation based on the reduction of gas moles due to the combustion. The well-known correct explanation of rising water, based on the initial air expansion inside the glass, being heated by the candle flame, and subsequent pressure reduction after the flame is extinguished, is carefully analysed in this work by jointly measuring the variation with time of water height and entry velocity, temperature and pressure inside the glass. These measurements show that the evolution of the water height and entry velocity correlates with that of the pressure inside the glass through a four stages model.
Multistability and multi-spiral chaotic sea in a novel 3-D system with a line of equilibrium
Authors: Zaamoune Faiza , Tinedert Imad Eddine , Menacer Tidjani , Wang Ning
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a novel chaotic system that features a line of equilibrium and a unique multi-spiral chaotic sea. Unlike classical conservative chaotic systems, this model cannot directly exhibit a zero divergence but its conservative property can be confirmed by the zero sum of Lyapunov exponents. In addition, the system is shown to support the generation of coexisting nested hidden tori under specific parameter and initial conditions. The detailed dynamic analysis is presented using bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent, and phase portrait. The corresponding analog circuit is designed with circuitry simulations results to verify the theoretical predictions and numerical simulations.
Quasiperiodic arrangement of magnetodielectric δ-plates: Green’s functions and Casimir energies for N bodies
Authors: Abhignan Venkat
Published: February 2025

We study a variety of ﬁnite quasiperiodic conﬁgurations with magnetodielectric δ-function plates created from simple substitution rules. While previous studies for N bodies involved interactions mediated by a scalar ﬁeld, we extended our analysis of Green’s function and corresponding Casimir energy to the electromagnetic ﬁeld using plates with magnetic and dielectric properties for handling ﬁnite-size quasiperiodic lattices. The Casimir energy is computed for a class of quasiperiodic structures built from N purely conducting or permeable δ-plates. The Casimir energy of this quasiperiodic sequence of plates turns out to be either positive or negative, indicating that the pressure from the quantum vacuum tends to cause the stack of plates to expand or contract depending on their arrangement. We also handle the transverse electric and transverse magnetic mode Green’s functions for δ-plates and derive the Faddeev-like equation with the transition matrix for N purely conducting or permeable plates.