bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of new lactulose-containing fodder additives on basic morpho-biochical indicators of blood and resistance of broiler chicken
Authors: Kurmasheva S S , Mosolov A A , Frolova M V , Slozhenkina M I , Gorlov I F , Knyazhechenko O A
Published: September 2021

In modern industrial broiler poultry farming, the issue of combating the uncontrolled use of antibiotics in the process of growing poultry is being actively addressed. Currently, scientists are looking for an alternative solution to the issue of eliminating the use of antibiotics for prophylactic purposes. In this connection, researchers are intensively working on the development of innovative feed additives that can solve the problem with the immunostatus of the organism of poultry grown in conditions of great crowding. The article discloses the data of experimental experience on the use of new innovative lactulose-containing additives of domestic origin "Kumelakt-1" and "Laktuvet-1". Their positive effect on the morpho-biochemical parameters of the blood and the resistance of the poultry organism has been established. This information allows to predict in vivo the indicators of the safety of the poultry population and are indicators of the quality of the products obtained. New lactulose-containing innovative additives as a regulator of intestinal microflora improved the morpho-biochemical blood index and increased the resistance of the poultry organism. Namely: increased on average in I and II experimental groups in comparison with the control group, the hemoglobin index by 9.7%, erythrocytes by 10.8%, hematocrit by 5.6%. An increase in the level of urea in the blood serum was established by 10.4 and 9.7% (P <0.01), glucose - by 6.5 and 4.8 6.1 and 9.0% (P <0.05), phosphorus - by 8.2 and 6.6% (P <0.01), magnesium - by 9.9 and 9.1% (P <0.05), potassium - by 1.3 and 1.6% (P <0.05), iron - by 1.4 and 1.6% (P <0.05), respectively. The indicators of phagocytic activity in the experimental groups were determined, it was found that, on average, this indicator increased by 5.2% (P <0.05).
Productive qualities of holsteinized black-and-white cattle
Authors: Fedoseeva N A , Gorelik O V , Likhodeevskaya O E , Knysh I V , Likhodeevskij G A
Published: September 2021

In Sverdlovsk region Holsteinized black-and-white cattle of Ural type are bred. This livestock is represented by highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. The aim of the research is to study the productive qualities of the Holsteinized black-and-white cattle with a high proportion of blood relationship to Holstein breed. Milk yield increases with age of cows. The difference between the first and second lactation amounts to 1.084 kg or 11.4%, and between the second and third lactation it is 326 kg (3.0%). In general, the milk yield of mature (full-aged) cows was higher by 1.410 kg or 14.9% than the milk yield of first-calves It is known that mature full-aged cows have a productivity 30% higher than the first-calves. I. e. the genetic potential of the farm broodstock of full-aged cows is within 12.595 kg, and this potential is not fully used. The farm uses cows that are quite different in terms of milk yield. The fluctuations in milk yield from lactation to lactation are 7.060 kg (1st lactation), 10.210 kg (2nd lactation) and 6.785 kg (3rd lactation). In terms of the milk quality indicators – MFF (mass fraction of fat) and MFP (mass fraction of protein) no significant differences in lactation were established, although a certain positive tendency was observed for increase of MFF with age gaining in reference to the first-calves.
Selection of quantitative traits when crossing thin fine-coarse wool sheep with Tsigai breed rams
Authors: Dvalishvili V G , Milchevsky V D
Published: September 2021

It is shown, that uncontrolled mass crossing of sheep with homogeneous wool led to a sharp deterioration in the quality of wool and the appearance in herds of a large number of fine- wool-coarse-wool hybrids not suitable for breeding. The experience of work on the restoration of fine-fleece and semi-fine fleece herds from such crosses is reported. The research on the dynamics of productivity and quantitative useful traits during the transformation of hybrid sheep into Tsigai is presented. The correlation dependence between the quantitative traits and the coefficients of heritability of the quantitative traits of Tsigai and crossbred sheep, as well as the variability of the quantitative traits of these sheep are shown. With the absorption of Tsigai by rams of fine-coarse-wool hybrids for one and a half intervals between generations, it is possible to increase the proportion of half-fine wool in a flock of sheep by 3-4 times.
Calves’ exchange of nitrogen while feeding protein-mineralvitamin additive
Authors: Ubushaev B S , Natyrov A K , Moroz N N , Slizskaya S A , Kugultinova D A , Konieva O N
Published: September 2021

The article describes experiments with four groups of calves of Kalmyk breed. The second group was fed with controlled diet and mineral-vitamin additive of 1.5 mg potassium iodide, 5 mg of cobalt chloride, 50 mg copper sulphate and 2 mg vitamin E. The third group was fed with the same amount of salts of micro elements without a-tocopherol and 35 g ammonium sulphate, animals of the fourth group got the same amount of feed as group number three with additional 2 mg of vitamin E. Animals fed with all test drugs showed the highest nitrogen digestibility of 36.1 % and it is 14.4 % more compared to the control group and 8.6 % more compared with the group that got only, ammonium sulphate and salts of microelements. It was observed that the choice of vitamins and mineral additives has a significant impact on the digestibility of sulphur from all diets. When tested animals feed additives there was an increase of nitrogen in their blood. The highest amount of nitrogen (3.11 to 3.34 %) was observed in groups fed with ammonium sulfate. Sugar concentration in all animals remained at optimal physiological level. Changes in the diet of experimental groups increased the rate of growth of calves and the ratio of protein conversion in group IV to 6.24 % which is 1.85 % higher than in controlled group I and on 0.41% higher than in group IV which got ammonium sulfate.
Productive qualities of Holstein black-and-white cattle of different genotypes according to kappa-casein
Authors: Gorelik O V , Afonina D A , Likhodeevskaya O E , Zezin N N
Published: September 2021

In Sverdlovsk region Holstein black-and-white cattle of the Ural type are bred, which are represented by highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. The aim of the work was to study the effect of genotypes of the kappa-casein gene on milk productivity and quality indicators of milk from Holstein black-and-white cattle of the Ural type. Most of the cows had the AA kappa-casein genotype, and they had the worst indicators of technological properties in terms of cheese suitability. The best technological properties of milk are possessed by cows with the BB kappa-casein genotype. There were only 4.2% of such animals among those examined. The highest milk yield in 305 days of lactation was observed in cows with the genotype for BB kappa casein (9595 ± 314.3 kg), which is 373 kg and 537 kg more, or 3.9 and 5.6% more than in animals with AA and AB genotypes, respectively. The indicators for the mass fraction of fat and mass fraction of protein in the milk of cows of different genotypes for kappa-casein were the same. There was a tendency to an increase in the protein content in the milk of cows with the BB genotype and a decrease in the mass fraction of fat in the milk of cows with the AB genotype. Thus, more nutrients, namely milk fat with the same content in milk, were obtained in the group of first-calf heifers with the BB genotype (380 ± 13.19 kg). They also had a higher yield of milk protein (311 kg), which is more than in other groups by 13 and 19 kg.
Morphological characteristics of Aberdeen-Angus cows and heifers in relation to polymorphisms C528T and C73T of leptin gene
Authors: Ruchay A N , Dzhulamanov K M , Gerasimov N P , Kolpakov V I
Published: September 2021

Animals breeding with a strong constitution and good adaptability to the environmental and forage conditions of rearing zone is crucial (or critical) in increasing meat productivity. The aim of our research was the morphological characteristics of Aberdeen Angus cows and heifers in relation to C528T and C73T polymorphisms of leptin gene. The objects of the study were cows after the first calving (n = 50) and heifers at the age of 20 months (n = 49), which were grouped by the genotype for leptin gene and polymorphisms C528T and C73T. Genetic variability of Aberdeen-Angus cows and heifers by leptin gene was associated with the morphological characteristics of the mature herd. The LEP C528T polymorphism in heifers had a significantly greater effect on the variability of live weight and body size. The heterozygous variant was more preferable for selection and breeding work aimed at increasing the massiveness and size of meat herds.
Low-intensity laser radiation effect on young sheep growth and development
Authors: Afanasyev M , Shlykov S , Omarov R , Mosolov A A , Starodubova Yu V , Reshetnikova A O
Published: September 2021

Sheep breeding is very well developed in many countries such as Australia, New Zealand, England, China, Russia, and several others. The main concern of all producers of products is to profit from this livestock industry, and they do it but often do not pay attention to environmental aspects. In this work, proposed, along with the usual zootechnical and veterinary measures, to introduce into the production process the stimulation of the biological capabilities of animals inherent in nature itself. For this purpose, we used low-intensity laser radiation, which was applied to young sheep in the thymus’ innervation area. So at four months of age were obtained increases in the live weight of rams. The experimental groups’ animals exceeded the control group’s animals by an average of 0.5 and 1.1 kg, and at seven months of age - by 0.8 and 1.3 kg, respectively, which indicates the positive effect of non-invasive laser radiation on animal organisms.
Biologically active feed additive in cattle feeding
Authors: Yurin D A , Yurina N A , Tletseruk I R , Slozhenkina M I , Mosolov A A , Seidavi A , Balyshev A V
Published: September 2021

The aim of the research was to study the feeding of grain with triticale instead of barley in the amount of 10 and 15% of the Valentin-90 variety with the introduction of the Allzyme PT enzyme preparation in mixed feed for broiler chickens. An increase in the live weight of young poultry was established by 3.6-5.4%, a decrease in feed costs per unit of production by 4.5-5.6%, an increase in the safety of livestock - by 1.0-8.0%, an output of gutted carcasses by 0.5-0.6 abs. %, gutted - by 2.9 abs. %, muscle output - by 2.7-3.7 abs. %. Thus, the studied feeding schemes for broiler chickens can be recommended for production.
Physiological characteristics of piglets during the milk feeding phase
Authors: Tkacheva E S , Medvedev I N
Published: September 2021

The condition of all types of metabolism of piglets of milk power significantly determines the intensity of their growth at this age. At the same time, many of their regulatory parameters in piglets of milk nutrition in the conditions of Central Russia are still not estimated finally. The piglets contained in the farms of Central Russia, during the milk nutrition, the level of general protein is growing at the same time as the level of albumin levels. At the same time, the amount of urea increases in the blood, additionally indicating activation to them as protein metabolism grows. In the piglets for the phase of milk nutrition in the blood, the increase in glucose concentrations, triglycerides and cholesterol quantities were found. The phase of milk nutrition for the surveyed piglets was characterized by an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamiltransferase. Under these conditions, there was an increase in the blood of the biological possibilities of transaminases in the stability of lactate dehydrogenase activity and creatine-cycinase. The number of registered metabolites and the identified activity of certain enzymes can be considered as normal for the piglets of the milk food contained in pigsties in the territory of Central Russia.
Modeling the technological process of cultivation of crop products
Authors: Shkaruba N Zh , Leonov O A , Vergazova Yu G
Published: September 2021

The article has devoted to a topical topic, includes the modeling of technological processes for the cultivation of crop products. As an object of research, the process of cultivation of fodder lupine had chosen. The analysis of the process of cultivation of crop products from the point of view of the Deming cycle has carried out. The production of feed lupine has presented as a system of interrelated processes. A passport of the process «Production of fodder lupine» has been developed, which contains brief information about the projected process: inputs, outputs, resources, control mechanisms, etc. The top-level model «Production of fodder lupine» in IDF0 notation has developed. The developed model can be used as the basis for building a quality management system for lupine cultivation. The proposed approach will allow to achieve the quality of the crop and achieve the set goals.
Determination of the state of oil-contaminated soils
Authors: Okolelova A A , Nefed’eva E E , Tutarashvili K G , Egorova G S , Zheltobryukhov V F
Published: September 2021

This study has a great practical and economic significance for regions with oil- contaminated soil. The concentration of oil products in the studied soil samples was determined by four methods: extraction from soil samples with n-hexane using a fluorescent photometric analyzer «Fluorat 02-3M LUMEX», carbon tetrachloride using an analyzer «AN-2», and chloroform using a gravimetric method. The data obtained make it possible to estimate the effectiveness of the application of the methods of analysis. There are also identified the advantages and disadvantages of direct and indirect methods for determining soil organic carbon, the effect of oil pollution on soil pH and carbon content in the soil. Evaluation criteria are proposed to improve the objective assessment of the state of oil-contaminated soils.
Biochemical grain quality indicators and photosynthetic rate of leaves in modern varieties of winter wheat
Authors: Amelin A V , Chekalin E I , Zaikin V V , Mazalov V I , Ikusov R A
Published: September 2021

Modern agriculture is waiting for selection to create varieties, forming high, stable and high-quality grain crops in different conditions of cultivation. Although, recognized varieties of winter wheat don’t always ensure getting high and good quality grain crops. Resolution of this problem is seen in more profound study of photosynthetic activity of plants and and using its indices in selection. During the years of research the interval of genotypic variation in crop power of culture grain was somewhere in between 2.6…5.5 t/ha. Content of protein and fibrin in the studied breeds was varying average from 13.5 to 16.0 % and from 21.1 to 28.5 %, respectively. Between indices of crop power and content of protein the correlation parameter was changing from -0.27 to +0.16, but with fibrin in content – from -0.16 to +0.18. Connection of photosynthesis and transpiration activity with grain quality was more considerable. Correlation coefficient between photosynthetic rate of leaves and content of protein and fibrin was positive and equal to 0.62 and 0.47 respectively, but between transpiration rate and content of protein and fibrin amounted to -0.34 and -0.15, respectively. It’s established that the higher the correlation of photosynthetic rate with transpiration activity of leaves among varieties of culture, the better the quality of developing grain crops. Evaluating the genotypes of winter wheat taking into consideration the effectiveness of using water allowed establishing a broad range of indices variation – from 1.88 to 4.19. Varieties with high value of this index (from 3.41 to 4.19 CO2/H2O) were characterized by increased content of both protein and fibrin: Moskovskaya 39 - 14.5 % and 24.1 %, respectively, Moskovskaya 40 - 15.0 % and 24.8 %, respectively.
Development of mathematical descriptions of the processes of distillation of multicomponent solutions with an inert gas based on system analysis
Authors: Narziev Mirzo , Artikov Askar , Khabibov Fakhriddin , Abdullaeva Masoxat
Published: September 2021

In this article, a multi-stage interconnected hierarchical structure has been developed, taking into account the input and output parameters of each elementary process, based on a systematic analysis of the distillation process of multicomponent solutions. In the proposed method, the analysis of the process according to the hierarchical structure is carried out gradually from the lower, molecular level, to the upper level, taking into account the interrelation of elementary processes.
Study of arid territories of Southern Russia from the perspective of improving the production base of fodder
Authors: Fedotova G V , Gorlov I F , Slozenkina M I , Mosolova N I , Anisimova E Yu , Vasileva M O
Published: September 2021

Arid lands are areas with arid climate and lack of water resources necessary for productive activities within the agro-industrial complex (AIC). The factor of aridity of lands is one of the key negative factors for economically effective crop production and development of fodder base in the structure of animal husbandry. The main characteristic of these lands is the insufficient level of irrigation and moisture supply due to the lack of internal water and precipitation. In this connection for successful development of agroindustrial complex by means of application of mentioned territories it is necessary to search and identify complex measures and ways directed on preservation of natural-productive qualities at the expense of optimal combination of ecological and economic components in organization of regulation of moisture and water supply system. The specified development of a balanced set of measures of economic and ecological nature is aimed at preventing further increase in the level of aridity and desertification of agricultural lands.
Complex of agrotechnical methods for different varieties of winter wheat
Authors: Stupakov A G , Shiryaev A V , Kulikova M A , Oliva T V , Zheltukhina V I , Shiryaeva N V
Published: September 2021

Increasing grain production and improving its quality are of great importance for our country. A special role is given to winter wheat as a highly productive and valuable food crop, which occupies about 2 million hectares in the Central Black Earth Region. Winter wheat also occupies significant areas in Belgorod region, which, according to agroclimatic zoning, is included in the zone of unstable moisture. Under these conditions, the development and opening up resource-saving adaptive technologies for the cultivation of crops, in particular winter wheat, as the most important grain crop, which would be assessed not only by productivity, but also by the degree of anthropogenic load on ecological systems, are of particular importance. The aim of the research is to change the agrophysical and biological properties of the soil, weed infestation of crops, yield and quality of different varieties of winter wheat, depending on preceding crops, new types of fertilizers and growth regulator. In this work, for the first time for the Central Black Earth Region, the complex effect of preceding crops, new types of fertilizers and growth regulator on changes in agrophysical, biological properties of soil, yield and quality of cultivated varieties of winter wheat Maiskaya Yubileinaya and Almera was studied. A complex of agrotechnical techniques for different varieties of winter wheat, identified on the basis of the research results, based on the use of optimal preceding crops, new types of fertilizers and plant growth regulators, allows the development of energy and resource-saving technologies of the cultivated crop. The expediency of using the most adaptive for the conditions of the region combination of agricultural practices for promising varieties of winter wheat is shown.
Increasing the resistance of the drug calendula to abiotic environmental factors
Authors: Suetin V N , Nechaeva E Kh , Nikiforova O I , Zagoryansky A N , Stepanova Yu V
Published: September 2021

Currently, medicinal plant growing is one of the promising areas of activity of agricultural enterprises in the Russian Federation. This area has a high economic potential. The deterioration of the general ecological situation, the instability of weather conditions have a negative impact on the growth and development of medicinal crops, leading to a decrease in plant resistance to stress factors and the inability to fully realize their potential with cultivated varieties. Plant growth regulators are one of the most promising groups of pesticides, the advantages of which are that they are harmless, environmentally friendly and highly effective at low consumption rates of biologically active substances of polyfunctional action. Exogenous use of growth regulators makes it possible to activate physiological and biochemical processes, regulate individual stages of morphogenesis, in order to mobilize the potential of the plant organism, aimed at overcoming unfavorable environmental conditions by plants, increasing their resistance to harmful organisms and ensuring optimal productivity. On the territory of the collection nursery of the Middle Volga branch of the FSBI VILAR in 2018-2020, an experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of growth regulators and micronutrient fertilizers Zircon, Epin-extra, Ferovit and Siliplant, on the resistance of plants to unfavorable growing conditions, increasing the yield of inflorescences and seeds of calendula officinalis. Ferovit turned out to be the best result of application in the raw material areas for three years of research in the prevailing weather conditions. The average yield of raw materials of air-dried inflorescences was 2.10 t / ha, which is 0.45 t / ha more than the control variant. On seed plots, the best indicators were obtained with the use of Siliplant micronutrient fertilizer 1.25 t / ha, which is 0.2 t / ha more than the option without the use of drugs.
Ecological approach to the use of secondary products of pea flour and rice grain processing into protein concentrates and phytin
Authors: Ulanova R V , Kulikov D S , Gulakova V A , Ahremko A G , Slozhenkina M I , Kolpakova V V
Published: September 2021

The process of bioconversion of the secondary product of pea flour processing into protein concentrate (serum) into fodder microbial-plant concentrate has been optimized. For this, a composition was selected from the culture of the fungus Geotrichium candidum 977 and the yeast Saccharamyces cerevisiae 121, a mathematical model of concentrate synthesis was developed in the form of an equation that adequately describes the dependence of the biomass yield on technological parameters: pH of the medium, temperature and amount of inoculum. The concentrate from the biomass had a protein mass fraction of 61.68 % of DS, from the biomass with the culture liquid - 57.90 %. Concentrates - biologically complete, the rate of essential amino acids was 107-226 %, out of 30 fatty acids, 97 % were acids that are part of animal fats, vegetable oils or marine organisms. The ratio of saturated and unsaturated acids is 1:3, the content of trans isomers is 5.1 %, omega-6 fatty acids (linoleic) is 19.73 %. The ability of symbiosis between the yeast S. cerevisiae 84/5 and the fungus Trich. cutaneum 656 has been proven. transform the components of whey remaining after the extraction of phytin from rice bran into protein biomass. The ratio of monocultures by mass fraction is 1:1, pH - 5.0…6.0, duration of growth - 72 hours, digestibility – 90 %. The protein is enriched with methionine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine. The amount of essential acids is 18-21 % higher than in concentrates obtained from individual monocultures. The use of concentrates is advisable to use in the diet of animals.
Effect of new complex bio-fertilizer on seed germination of different varieties of winter vetch
Authors: Skamarokhova A S , Siyukhov H R , Yurina N A , Petenko A I , Anisimova E Yu , Mosolova N I , Surkova S A
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of studying the effect of new bio-fertilizer on the germination and germination energy of winter vetch seeds (Vicia vilossa Roth). Experimental studies were conducted in the laboratory conditions of the Krasnodar Research Centre for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (Krasnodar, Znamenskiy settlement). The positive effect of vetch seeds treatment with a new bio-fertilizer on germination energy and seed germination has been established. The germination energy and seed germination when treated with bio-fertilizer compared to the control (water) were higher by an average of 14.6 and 4.0%, respectively. The winter vetch variety Glinkovskaya in terms of seed germination energy turned out to be the best among other varieties. This indicator was higher by 19.35% in comparison with the control. The winter vetch variety Orlan in terms of seed germination turned out to be the best among other varieties. This indicator was higher by 9.0% in comparison with the control. This bio-fertilizer can be used to increase soil fertility and soil recultivation in plant-growing, agriculture.
Ecology of microorganisms from springs of national park "Alkhanai" (Transbaikalia, Russia)
Authors: Matyugina E B , Belkova N L , Ptitsun A B
Published: September 2021

The composition and diversity of microbial communities from the cold ultra-fresh oligotrophic seeps and River Sukhoe Ubzhogoe of the National Park "Alkhanai" were determined via culture-dependent vs. culture-independent approaches. The microbial community of six groundwater seeps determined by 16S rDNA cloning, and sequencing consisted of four dominant genera belonging to the classes Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria; they were Duganella sp., Janthinobacterium sp., and Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., respectively. Uncultured bacteria were presented by the phylum Bacteroidetes, classes Flavobacteriia (Flavobacterium sp.), Cytophagia (Flexibacter sp.), and Chitinophagia (Sediminibacterium sp.); the phylum Proteobacteria, classes Betaproteobacteria (Comamonadaceae) and Gammaproteobacteria (Acinetobacter sp.); and the phylum Actinobacteria, class Actinomycetia (Rhodococcus sp.). The same chemoorganoheterotrophic bacteria were cultivated as dominant species from the waters of the investigated seeps. Still, differences in the microbial communities were found in a proper combination of the four dominant forms of bacteria in the appropriate ecosystems. One of the peculiarities of the cultivable bacteria was the production of colored pigments violacein and prodigiosin, known for their therapeutic properties. The subject is promising for fundamental and applied research. Curative properties of cold seeps were discussed, and it was proposed that the water quality could assume medicinal qualities due to the specific composition of microorganisms.
Content of prolin and essential amino acids in spring wheat grain in dry conditions
Authors: Besaliev I N , Panfilov A L , Karavaytsev Ya A , Reger N S , Kholodilina T N
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of amino acid composition of grain of spring soft and durum wheat varieties by the amount of proline and essential amino acids under conditions of favorable and dry years in terms of weather factors. An increase in the amount of proline was established under conditions of temperature stress and a lack of moisture in soil, it allows us to consider this fact as an index of resistance to unfavorable environmental factors. The amount of essential amino acids depended on weather and technological factors. The content of the amino acid proline in spring wheat grain should be considered as a signaling function for stressful vegetation conditions. The content of essential amino acids in spring wheat grain increases in favorable years and against the background of moldboard plowing.
Effect of growing conditions on the physiological and biochemical status of remediating plants
Authors: Dubrovskaya E V , Golubev S N , Muratova A Yu , Pozdnyakova N N , Bondarenkova A D , Turkovskaya O V
Published: September 2021

This study evaluated the effects of oil pollution, low humidity, and plant co-cultivation in kastanozem on Sorghum bicolor L. Moench and Medicago falcata L. Under the influence of oil pollution, the accumulation of sorghum biomass and the content of its photosynthetic pigments decreased. At the same time, an increase in the concentration of protein in the roots of this plant was not accompanied by an increase in the peroxidase activity. The reduced humidity did not have a negative impact on sorghum. The pollution also reduced the yellow medick biomass and the content of its photosynthetic pigments and proteins in leaves. At the same time, an increase in the protein content in the roots was accompanied by an increase in the peroxidase activity. The low humidity promoted an increase in the concentration of protein in the leaves and an increase in the peroxidase activity in the roots. The plant co-cultivation reflected positively on the sorghum state and negatively on the alfalfa state. The data obtained can be used by phytoremediation technology for kastanozem cleaning up from oil hydrocarbons and rehabilitation of soil biological activities in arid regions.
Diagnostics of the critical axial displacement of the sectional pump shaft in the conditions of kimberlite mines
Authors: Ovchinnikov N P
Published: September 2021

This work is devoted to the development of a new method for the operational identification of the operation of a sectional pump with a critical axial displacement of the shaft. Its further introduction into production will, with a high degree of probability, increase the operational reliability of sectional pumps.
Creation of artificial phytocenoses with controlled properties as a tool for managing cultural ecosystems and landscapes
Authors: Larionov M V , Dogadina M A , Tarakin A V , Minakova I V , Sentishcheva E A , Bukreeva T N
Published: September 2021

The main purpose of the article was to update the fundamental component in the creation of phytocenoses with controlled properties in the feasibility of ensuring the stability of the structure, composition and condition of such communities. This direction plays an important role in ecological and economic activity, in modern nature management. The key aspects of the management of artificial phytocenoses which form the functional core of cultural ecosystems and landscapes are presented. Crop production, as well as botany and plant ecology as its overall fundamental basis, should implement the goals of strategic and territorial planning in this key. Designing and monitoring the efficiency of phytocenoses of the corresponding economic groups allows ensuring the productivity and sustainability of ecosystems and landscapes. In this case biology, ecology and geography of plants make it possible to determine the fundamental mechanisms of management of artificial biosystems in the corresponding territories. Ensuring a labile balance between potential and real opportunities in biological productivity and environmental sustainability of artificial plant communities is the scientific basis of ecological and economic activity. Phytocenoses of landscaping purposes have significant scientific and practical interest: decorative, protective, environmental, planning. Due to the fact that the phytocenoses of landscaping structures are initially mainly artificial biotic formations, the ecological, landscape-stabilizing and economic characteristics of the ecosystems of cities and villages, first of all, depend on the species and varietal composition of the plants used. Also, these biotic communities strongly depend on the possibility of realizing the biological potential of these plants in such non-specific environmental conditions.
Regional aspects of monitoring the quality of drinking water from centralized water supply
Authors: Bayanova A A
Published: September 2021

Despite the fact that substantial water resources are concentrated in the Irkutsk region, the research revealed the problems of providing the population with high-quality drinking water from centralized water supply systems. Monitoring the quality of drinking water from centralized water supply showed the presence of sources that do not meet sanitary and epidemiological requirements, which is associated in the overwhelming majority of cases with the absence of sanitary protection zones. The discrepancy with the adopted regulations of a part of sanitary-chemical and microbiological samples of drinking water was revealed. Deviations are mainly caused by an excess of the content of iron, aluminum, manganese, nitrates, magnesium, as well as general and thermotolerant coliform bacteria. The reasons for the unsatisfactory state of drinking water are detected and measures are recommended to ensure the appropriate quality for the sustainable development of the area under research.
Bioindication of fertility chernozem soils of apple agrocenoses of the Lipetsk region
Authors: Zakharov V L , Morgacheva N V , Sotnikova E B , Petrisheva T Yu
Published: September 2021

The paper is devoted to bioindication of chernozem soils. The soil was used from the row spacing and trunk lanes of the apple orchard, as well as in its natural state. The soil in these places has different properties. The winter wheat, the barley and the oats were sown on the soil. Differences in the productivity of the vegetative mass and its availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were obtained. It was found that only the wheat and the barley are sensitive to the changes in soil properties.
Impact of mining of common minerals on the environment and public health
Authors: Aleksandrova A Yu , Timofeeva S S
Published: September 2021

The impact of the extraction of common minerals on the environment and public health is an important factor in assessing the development of a region, not only in terms of economic efficiency, but also in terms of the well-being of the environment and the well-being of the population. All types of impact are important components of the final assessment and show how critical they are in the development of negative phenomena in relation to the environment and human health. This paper presents data on the impact on the atmospheric air, subsoil, relief, soil, groundwater and surface water, on the quality of life of the population. Based on literature data and our own observations, the main types of impact on the environment and humans were identified, the main list of pollutants at the facilities for the extraction and processing of common minerals were identified, the contribution of noise and vibration was assessed, accumulation of dumps in open pits has been determined, the quality of life of the population who have direct contact with this type of careers has been assessed, the professional impact on the person was determined. The assessment of the sustainability of the natural environment to mining impact has been determined.
Application of GIS-technologies to visualize the results of monitoring the snow cover of an industrial city
Authors: Khakimova G V , Asfandiyarova L R
Published: September 2021

Snow cover monitoring is a part of the environmental monitoring system, the pollution of which is a reflection of the degree of anthropogenic impact in view of the fact that the snow cover is an effective accumulator of aerosol pollutants falling out of the atmospheric air. Carrying out a complete study of atmospheric air, scientific assessment of the dynamics of the state of urban air and computer modeling is not possible without analysis and statistical processing of the data obtained using special software. This article is an example of the use of GIS technologies in order to visualize and interpret the results obtained in the analysis of the snow cover of an industrial city (in case of the Sterlitamak city), in particular, the Kriging method used makes it possible to obtain representative schematic maps of urban pollution.
Modern climate changes and dynamics of density and structure of bird population of South Baikal of forest ecosystems in winter period
Authors: Mel’nikov Yu
Published: September 2021

On the basis long-term researches (2010-2021), the features of the formation of the winter population of birds on the right bank of the source of the Angara river (South Baikal) during a period of sharp climate warming are considered. It is shown that the warming was accompanied by a gradual decrease in the total density of the bird population and a noticeable increase in their species diversity. On the key site, were 73 wintering species recorded, of which 28 were new to the region. However, 24 species were previously in this area as nesting, migratory and summering birds found. Only 4 species were really new. All new wintering species differed in insignificant numbers and the increase in the number of wintering species was due to an increase in the comfort of the living conditions of birds as result of climate warming. The relationship between population density birds and the number of wintering species was clearly in certain categories manifested, and only in minor species did it play a certain role in increasing their population density. The reformation of the structure of the bird population in the winter period due to the noticeable warming of the climate was almost completely by the dynamics of the population of the most massive and numerous species of sedentary and migrating for wintering species determined. The decrease in the abundance of birds is clearly associated with a shift in the optima of their ranges to more northern regions.
Improvement of the hydrophysical properties of substrates of technogenic landscapes using expanded vermiculite
Authors: Krasavtseva E A , Ivanova T K , Maksimova V V , Mosendz I A , Kanareykina I P , Panikorovskii T L , Shirokaya A A , Slukovskaya M V
Published: September 2021

A study of the hydrophysical properties of substrates of technogenic landscapes, an assessment of the prospects of using thermoactivated vermiculite as an ameliorant was carried out. Contaminated areas are characterized by the absence of vegetation and a low probability of initiating the process of soil formation without direct intervention. Thermally activated vermiculite has been proposed as an ameliorant to improve the quality of soil and reduce the geochemical mobility of metals. The proposed materials have water-retaining properties, high sorption activity with respect to a number of metals, developed specific surface area and availability in sufficient quantities. The use of local mining enterprises as remediators of waste makes it possible to increase the profitability of developments and helps to reduce the volume of accumulated waste.
The Chernaya river annual flow security calculation and the Chernorechensk reservoir catchment area in Sevastopol
Authors: Volosukhin Ya V , Kipkeeva P A , Temirlieva Z S , Abaikhanova A A
Published: September 2021

On the Crimean Peninsula territory, there are 1657 permanent and temporary watercourses with a total length of 5996 km, their length, catchment areas and water volumes are small. Most (92.1%) are watercourses less than 10 km long. Particular attention is paid to the Chernaya river basin, supplying the Chernorechensk reservoir - one of the largest in the region and providing water to the city of Sevastopol Explored for the first time in the complex of the r. Chernaya and all tributaries -the r. Uzundzha, the R. Bosa, the R. Baga Nizhnyaya, the R. Baga Verchniaya, the R. Urkusta, the R. Ay-Todorka, Sukhaya rivers, the R. Bajdarka, the R. Uppa, the R. Armanka, the r. Calenda. The article presents calculated data on the Chernaya river annual run-off availability and all its tributaries It was revealed that the annual run-off statistical characteristics adopted for the water stations adequately reflect the current situation in the long-term section with the river run-off of the Chernaya River and the Chernorechensk reservoir catchment area.
Ecological aspects of forecasting the hydrological situation
Authors: Zvyagintseva A V , Marar O I , Sazonova S A , Dorofeeva V Yu
Published: September 2021

The article considers peculiarities of prediction of dangerous hydrological phenomena on water bodies of the Voronezh region. The types of activities performed by the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBI)"Voronezh Regional Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring") are presented. The schematic functional diagram of the system of automated monitoring of hydrological characteristics and operational forecasting of high waters and floods, proposed.
Features of the assessment of environmental damage from fires in a forest
Authors: Yakovlev V A , Semenova A N
Published: September 2021

Within the framework of this material, special attention is paid to determining the size of the resulting environmental damage in connection with fires in the territory of the Russian Federation. To create a completer and more qualitative picture of the scale of damage, a special comprehensive assessment is used, which includes damage to water and land resources, as well as to the resources and potential of the animal and plant world. Through the use of such an integrated approach, it becomes possible to determine the overall level of costs for measures to reduce and prevent further increases in damage from forest fires.
Reproduction of the Spring potato variety with botanical seeds as a method of improving planting material
Authors: Loqinov Yury , Kazak Anastasia , Gaizatulin Andrey
Published: September 2021

Since 2003, the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals has been conducting research on the cultivation of healthy seed tubers of the Vesna variety from botanical seeds. It was found that under the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region, the marked variety for many years forms berries on plants. After ripening, the seeds washed from them after one to two years of storage have a high germination capacity. When sown in a greenhouse, they produce minitubers, and the next year, normal tubers. Their further reproduction in isolated areas of the taiga zone and the tundra zone makes it possible to obtain healthy seed tubers in the required volume for sale to amateur gardeners and small farms.
Monitoring of samples of bird cherry (Prunus padus) and red rowan for breeding in the northeast of European Russia
Authors: Rengarten Grigoriy A , Sorokopudov Vladimir N , Sorokopudova Olga A , Bamatov Ibragim M
Published: September 2021

This article illustrates the primary assessment of the introduced varieties of bird cherry and red rowan for a complex of economically useful traits in the period 2015-2019 in the region to select promising conditions for breeding work. The surveys were carried out according to the following indicators: the strength of the growth of varieties, resistance to pests and diseases, winter hardiness in the field, and assessment of the quality of fruits. As objects of research, 15 varieties of bird cherry were used. From bird cherry: form plena, Meteo, Colorata; bird cherry trees Lauhe: In memory of Salamatov (control), Siberian Beauty, Olga Joy, Pomegranate Bunch, Chemalskaya Luxurious, Purple Candle, Unkillable, Chemal Beauty; cherry virgin: Schubert, C. virginsky No.1, C. virginsky No.2; bird cherry: Siori No.1.10 varieties were studied for red rowan: Granatnaya, Vefed, Sorbinka, Rosina, Solnechnaya, Titan, Alaya Krupnaya, Businka, Burka, and Nevezhenskaya (control). It was found that the studied accessions were not damaged after winter. By the strength of growth in bird cherry trees, varieties with a compact crown were distinguished: Virginskaya No. 1 and Chemalskaya Luxurious. The best indicators of fruits were found in bird cherry trees No.1 and No.2, in Memory of Salamatov. Variety of Memory Salamatov with larger clusters and the number of berries per cluster. The minimum share of seeds in the mass of pulp was noted in the varieties Granatovaya Grozd and Pamyati Salamatova. The study of red rowan showed that a more restrained vigor of growth was noted in the varieties Granatnaya and Rosina.
Analysis of productivity of spring soft wheat varieties in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region
Authors: Ivanova I , Ilina S , Fadeev A
Published: September 2021

The paper presents research on the study of spring soft wheat cultivars from the genetic fund of the Federal Research Center of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N. I. Vavilov (VIR). In the course of the research work, the influence of agroclimatic conditions on the yield of different varieties with different genotypic characteristics was studied. Two varieties with the highest yield were selected: Arhat by 18.2 % and Icarus by 17.82 %. Studies have shown low plasticity of the studied varieties due to the strong variability of yield. According to the analysis of the research results, it was found that the spring soft wheat variety Liza (Russia) had the lowest degree of variability (V=5.68 %). It was revealed that as a result of four years of research, all the samples studied in the experiment have a complete correlation between the yield and the weather conditions of the growing season.
Biological diversity and spatial structure of the anthropogenic landscape flora
Authors: Kuleshova Yu V , Agapova T V , Meshkova S S
Published: September 2021

The article considers the biodiversity and spatial structure of the urban flora as a complex phenomenon formed as a result of the interaction of natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. The data of the chorological analysis of the urban flora demonstrate the genesis of the species diversity and the relationship with other botanical and geographical areas, while being of great importance in predicting the ways of its formation. The purpose of this research was to study and analyze the spatial distribution of the flora species composition of Sosnovoborsk (south of Central Siberia, Krasnoyarsk Territory). The study of plant biodiversity was carried out using a special research method of urbanized territories - the model allocation method in combination with traditional route surveys. The types of areas and their elements were determined using the literature data of fundamental floristic and monographic summaries. In the course of the analysis, the types of areas identified by other authors studying the floras of various Siberian regions were taken as a basis. As a result of the study, 387 species of vascular plants were determined, distributed in 231 genera and 62 families. The chorological analysis showed the dominance of Eurasian and Euro-Siberian geographical elements, as well as the belonging of the flora of Sosnovoborsk to the subboreal type, formed on the basis of forest-steppe with a high activity of boreal species.