bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DE AGROECOLOGIA NO BRASIL: DESENHO INSTITUCIONAL, PARTICIPAÇÃO SOCIAL E ESFERA PÚBLICA
Authors: Pimentel Gomes Luz Nijdam Ebe , Farias Almeida da Costa Liduina
Published: July 2024

Resumo: O artigo tem suporte em ampla pesquisa sobre participação social e políticas públicas e em tese de doutoramento sobre a política de agroecologia. O objetivo é identificar possibilidades de constituição de uma esfera pública na dinâmica de constituição dessa política, sobretudo, seu desenho institucional e as Comissões de Produção Orgânica das unidades federadas (CPOrg/UF). Define-se esfera pública com fundamento em Habermas que admite o consenso entre atores diferentes, mediante a ação comunicativa. Incorporam-se também discussões referentes à reconstrução da esfera pública no Brasil. As estratégias metodológicas consistiram em: pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, buscas em sites de Ministérios, da Presidência da República e em análise dos marcos legais, conforme referências bibliográficas ao final deste artigo. Ademais, realizou-se entrevistas com atores sociais e estatais integrantes de comissão de produção orgânica na qualidade de representantes do Estado e da sociedade civil, destacando-se também as observações que se realizou em feiras agroecológicas de produtores familiares (presenciais, entre 2017 e 2019 e on-line posteriormente) em duas regiões metropolitanas do Nordeste do país, uma das quais encravada no semiárido. Conclui-se que o desenho institucional da política em discussão e as (CPOrg/UF) sinalizam a constituição de uma esfera pública que vem se constituindo desde os antecedentes dessa política, à medida que atores coletivos se mobilizam e se organizam para se contrapor à chamada “revolução verde”, reivindicar o agendamento governamental e participar do controle social dessa política por meio de instâncias como essas comissões.
UTILIZATION OF BANANA FROND BRIQUETTE CHARCOAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Efriyani Veni Efriyani , Wardana Rendy Wikrama , Uliyandari Mellyta , Johan Henny , Saputra Hendri
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is the use of banana frond briquette charcoal as an alternative to environmentally friendly technology. This type of research is an experiment. Experimental data collection techniques, documentation, and literature studies. The data analysis method in this study uses a quantitative approach. Banana frond briquettes are divided into 3 groups: A (81% banana frond charcoal: 19% adhesive), B (71% banana frond charcoal: 29% adhesive), and C (91% banana frond charcoal: 9% adhesive). The results of the banana frond briquette test on the C sample of 91% charcoal briquettes with 9% adhesive showed the best results with a calorific value of 4571 kcal/kg. The study concluded that the best calorific value in sample C with a charcoal composition of banana fronds was 91%; 9% adhesive was 4571 cal/kg.
Teoría de la Medida
Authors: Álvarez Bilbao Rafael José , Esmeral García Kevin Michael , Juajibioy Juan Carlos
Published: July 2024

Estas notas de clase son el resultado de la experiencia de los autores, tanto estudiantes como profesores, en el curso de Teoría de la medida o Medida e integración. Son notas básicas para estudiantes de programas de pregrado en matemáticas y áreas afines a las matemáticas. La parte teórica es una recopilación de la teoría estudiada en los libros clásicos. Con la publicación de estos apuntes, nuestra contribución es presentar un libro de fácil comprensión. Por ello, se han añadido muchos diagramas y hemos escrito los detalles de las pruebas y ejemplos que aparecen a lo largo de la teoría. Al final de cada capítulo hay una lista de ejercicios con la idea principal de su solución para practicar la teoría que se acaba de estudiar.
Manajemen Konflik dalam Komunikasi Remaja dengan Orang Tua Sebagai Upaya Impementasi Hadis Birrul Walidain
Authors: Siti Aminah  , Muliyadi Saputra Rambe
Published: July 2024

This research aims to find out how conflict is managed in communication between parents and children, and what a child's motivation is in managing this conflict. This research is quantitative and qualitative research using the literature study method as an analytical tool. Based on the research that has been carried out, it was found that firstly there are many hadiths about Birrul Walidain, secondly there are several conflicts in daily communication between children (adolescents) and their parents, some of whom can solve their problems and also some of them who cannot solve their problems so they try to run away from the problems that cause him to get involved in these problems. Third, the conflict turns out to have a negative impact on both parties, both the children and the parents. Fourth, management in resolving conflicts with parents, namely by using the mubjadi method
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN WEBSITE UNTUK UMKM SATE KEDAI BIRU DAUN
Authors: Sudaryanto Sudaryanto , Hanim Anifatul , Harsono Soni Sisbudi , Paramu Hadi , Endhiarto Tatok
Published: July 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk membantu UMKM membangun strategi pemasaran digital melalui pembuatan website bisnis. Paradigma yang digunakan adalah kualitatif nominalis prepositivis yaitu dengan mengembangkan konsep berdasarkan kondisi lingkungan. Melalui pendampingan langsung dengan pemilik Depot Sate Biru Daun, perencanaan, implemantasi dan evaluasi adopsi teknologi informasi pembatan website bisnis berdampak positif. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa website bisnis yang dibangun mampu menghasilkan tambahan pendapatan selama kurun waktu pendampingan
Spielerisch Sprachbewusstheit entwickeln – ein Memory-Spiel zu Wortbildungsverfahren
Authors: Birzer Sandra , Steinbach Andrea
Published: July 2024

Das "Wortbildungs-Memory" fördert die Sprachbewusstheit, indem es das Verständnis der Substantivbildung in verschiedenen slavischen Sprachen, dem Deutschen und Englischen vertieft. Dieses vielseitige Lehrmittel ermöglicht es Lernenden, die Struktur und Bedeutungskomponenten von Substantiven zu erkennen und implizites sowie explizites Sprachwissen zu verknüpfen. Mit drei Spielvarianten bietet es Anpassungsmöglichkeiten für verschiedene Lernziele und ist von der Sekundarstufe bis hin zu universitären Lehrveranstaltungen einsetzbar. Der Beitrag enthält zudem einen Apparat an weiterführenden Aufgaben für unterschiedliche Lernergruppen.
Rasch modeling approach to measure the quality of algebraic thinking questions for junior high school students
Authors: Rusyid Husnul Khatimah , Suryadi Didi , Herman Tatang , Adnan Mazlini , Lutfi Ahmad , Mukhibin Ahmad
Published: July 2024

[Abstract]: Algebraic thinking skills include the ability to generalize based on ideas involving symbols, as well as the ability to represent and solve algebraic problems. This study aims to describe the quality of algebraic thinking questions on linear equation material using the Rasch model approach. Data were collected through six essay questions, where each question represents an indicator of students' algebraic thinking. The research subjects consisted of 37 8th grade students selected using the purposive sampling technique. The results of item analysis show that all questions fall into the valid category. Furthermore, the instrument demonstrates overall reliability with a score index of 0.81, placing it in the good category. Analysis of the difficulty level of the questions revealed that 2 items fell into the very difficult category, 1 item was difficult, 1 item was moderate, 1 item was easy, and 1 item was very easy. Overall, the developed algebraic thinking ability instrument meets Rasch modeling criteria and can effectively measure students' algebraic thinking ability. Teachers can utilize this instrument as an assessment tool to evaluate students' algebraic thinking skills in mathematics learning, particularly in linear equation material.
[Abstrak]: Kemampuan berpikir aljabar mencakup kemampuan dalam melakukan generalisasi berdasarkan ide-ide yang melibatkan simbol-simbol serta kemampuan dalam merepresentasikan dan menyelesaikan masalah aljabar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kualitas soal berpikir aljabar pada materi persamaan linear menggunakan pendekatan model Rasch. Data dikumpulkan melalui 6 soal esai, di mana masing-masing soal mewakili indikator berpikir aljabar siswa. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 37 siswa kelas VIII yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil analisis item menunjukkan bahwa semua soal termasuk dalam kategori valid. Selain itu, instrumen secara keseluruhan menunjukkan reliabilitas dengan indeks skor sebesar 0,81 yang termasuk dalam kategori baik. Analisis tingkat kesulitan soal mengungkapkan bahwa 2 item masuk dalam kategori sangat sulit, 1 item sulit, 1 item sedang, 1 item mudah, dan 1 item sangat mudah. Secara keseluruhan, instrumen kemampuan berpikir aljabar yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria pemodelan Rasch dan dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir aljabar siswa. Instrumen ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh guru sebagai alat penilaian untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan berpikir aljabar siswa pada pembelajaran matematika, khususnya materi persamaan linear.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENCES BROMELAIN ENZYME CONSENTRATION ON PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE FROM WASTE OF TILAPIA VISCERA (Oreochromis sp.) ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Muhammad Athoillah Sholahuddin  , Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Amin Muhamad
Published: July 2024

Tilapia is a commodity that is widely consumed by the public, especially in Indonesia. Fresh tilapia offal has a protein content composition of 55.55%, so to increase its selling value it is often made into protein hydrolysate. Protein hydrolysis using enzymes is an effective way, because it can make protein hydrolysates avoid damage to certain amino acids. Proteolytic enzymes have many types and one that can be used as a hydrolyzer, in producing protein hydrolysates is bromelain enzyme. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of proteolytic enzyme type and hydrolysis time on antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysate from Oreochromis sp. offal waste. This study used RAL 2 factors and each was repeated 3 times. The first factor was the concentration of bromelain enzyme used, namely control concentration, 1%, 2% and 3%. The second factor was the hydrolysis time, which was 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours. The data obtained were analyzed and continued with antioxidant activity test, hydrolysis degree test and protein content test. The best concentration of bromelain enzyme as antioxidant was 3% concentration for 6 hours hydrolysis with IC50 value of 82.53µg/mL, the best DH of 82.25%±4.03 and the highest protein content of 54.55%.
 
Keywords: Antioxidant, bromelain enzyme, tilapia offal, protein hydrolysate
DNA TOUCH STR CODIS AS LEGITIMATE EVIDENCE IN UNCOVERING CRIMINAL ACTS
Authors: Nurdianto Arif Rahman , Setiawan Fery , Yudianto Ahmad , Nurdianto Rizal Fauzi , Sunariani Jenny
Published: July 2024

The identification process at the crime scene (TKP) is one of the essential tasks carried out by police investigators. One critical aspect is the collection and analysis of evidence found at the crime scene, referred to as biological evidence (BB). This evidence serves as a crucial source for determining whether an incident occurred and, if so, whether it was a suicide or another criminal act (such as murder, etc.). The biological evidence found can be analyzed using molecular serobiology approaches, which are rapidly advancing in the fields of forensic medicine and medicolegal practice. One such approach involves utilizing DNA traces, although a common challenge is that often the DNA recovered at crime scenes is degraded. Therefore, a DNA amplification method utilizing the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, along with the short tandem repeat (STR) – CODIS identification approach, is necessary. The analysis of DNA traces using the STR-CODIS approach enables investigators to determine whether the incident was purely criminal, a suicide, or another type of accident involving the victim. Furthermore, the DNA analysis using the STR-CODIS method can also aid in identifying the victims discovered at the crime scene.
THE EFFECT OF LASER-ASSISTED HATCHING ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES OF VITRIFICATION FROZEN EMBRYO TRANSFER
Authors: Vellyana Lie  , Andri Rezano  , Tono Djuwantono  , Maitra Djiang Wen
Published: July 2024

Highlights

LAH might effectively increase pregnancy outcomes for frozen-thawed embryo transfer.
Zona pellucida drilling might help increase pregnancy outcomes in FET.

 
Abstract
Background:  Zona Pellucida (ZP)  thickness of less than 16 mm is better for embryo implantation inside the endometrium. Laser Assisted Hatching (LAH) is commonly used, especially in non-contact mode, using a 1.48-um infrared diode laser beam because of its short exposure time, accurate positioning, simple operation, indirect contact, safety, and effectiveness. Objective:  This paper describes the potential of laser-assisted hatching in biochemical pregnancy outcomes in Frozen Embryo Thawed transfers. Material and Method: The total number of patients enrolled in this study was 141. Patients were prospectively treated during embryo transfers at Pusat Fertilitas Bocah Indonesia, Primaya Hospital at Tangerang, Indonesia, from December 2020 until December 2021. Result:  There were no significant differences between the LAH and no-LAH groups regarding average age, infertility duration, infertility type, and etiology of infertility (p>0.05). In the same line, the blastocyst (0.76 ± 0.87; 1.25 ± 1.08) compared with cleavage (0.72 ± 0.84; 0.67 ± 0.98) (p<0.534 and p< .032). There was no significant difference, even though clinically, the proportions of live births, multiple pregnancies, biochemical pregnancies, and ongoing pregnancies in the LAH group were not exceptions to the outcomes of failures and miscarriages. Conclusion:  LAH did not appear to increase the pregnancy rate in this study. However, the methodology seems to reduce bias in this study by considering methodology for selecting FET embryos based on the cryopreserved condition, embryo quality, and precise LAH.
AGE, SEX, AND TYPES OF OCCUPATION WITH HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TYPES IN PATIENTS WITH OCULAR SURFACE SQUAMOUS NEOPLASIA (OSSN) IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN SURABAYA, INDONESIA
Authors: Stella Agatha Widjaja  , Delfitri Lutfi  , Linda Dewanti  , Alphania Rahniayu  , Fitria Kusumastuti
Published: July 2024

Highlights

The histopathological types of OSSN were significantly associated with age and occupation.
The study's findings enhance the understanding of OSSN in Indonesia and emphasize the importance of UV exposure, occupation, and age in its development.

 
Abstract
Background:  Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) is a spectrum of tumors affecting the conjunctiva and cornea, in which a more invasive type of OSSN has a higher recurrence rate. As a tropical country, Indonesia is constantly exposed to intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the main risk factor for OSSN. Despite this, there are very few studies regarding OSSN in Indonesia. Objective:  This study aimed to analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, and types of occupation (outdoor and indoor) and histopathological types of OSSN to fill the gap in research and contribute to early diagnostic strategies. Material and Method: Sociodemographic and histopathological data were extracted from the medical records of patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with OSSN at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from 2017 to 2021. Data from 88 samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were classified and analyzed with descriptive statistics and a two-sided Fisher's exact test using SPSS version 27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Result: The exact test results of the two-sided fisher revealed a statistically significant relationship between age (p = 0.0004) and occupation type (p = 0.049) with histopathological types of OSSN. However, no significant association was found between sex and histopathological types of OSSN (p = 0.130). Conclusion: Age and occupation were found to have a significant association with the histopathological types of OSSN, reinforcing the need for further exploration of its strength and nature to be considered by future researchers.
Soil erosion vulnerability in Brazilian semiarid
Authors: Oliveira Vilaneide Lopes Costa de , Carvalho Jessica Neves de , Cestano Luiz Antonio , Souza José João Lelis Leal de
Published: July 2024

Soil erosion is one of the most dangerous impacts of climate change and anthropic disturbance in drylands. Its control and reduction of soil and nutrient loss are essential to maintaining terrestrial ecosystems. Rare studies present data about soil fragility in the Brazilian semiarid. This study aimed to measure soil resistance to erosion. Ten soil profiles were described and classified to represent vegetation cover and geological diversity. The water-stable aggregates (WSA) content is highly variable, regardless of the equivalent diameter of the aggregates. The lowest levels of WSA were recorded by Arenosol and A and E horizons of Solonetz. Plinthosol and argic horizon of Solonetz and Luvisol recorded the lowest levels of soil loss. Large and fine aggregates presented different stability mechanisms. Vegetation cover, clay, and sand contents intermediate the stability of aggregates larger than 1 mm. Soil reactivity, Al3+ content, and altitude are important for aggregates smaller than 1 mm. Conservation practices that favor coverage and maintenance of soil moisture and organic residues should be induced by the government and applied by small rural producers to minimize human environmental effects.
Crystal facet engineering of electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction to ammonia: recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Liang Hanfeng
Published: July 2024

Ammonia (NH3) is an important chemical feedstock and a clean energy carrier that has a pivotal impact on the sustainable energy circle. Its electrocatalytic production is evolving into a green alternative to the traditional Haber-Bosch process. A key strategy in enhancing the performance of this electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis is crystal facet engineering of electrocatalysts, which could significantly influence the reaction mechanism, kinetics, and thermodynamics. This review summarizes the recent advancements in crystal facet engineering for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia. Through this review, we hope to shed light on the significant role of crystal facet engineering in advancing electrocatalytic ammonia production and provide useful guidance on the design of high-performance electrocatalysts.
Control of exposed crystal planes of CeO2 enhances electrocatalytic nitrate reduction
Authors: Wang Fei , Li Dan , Mao Jian
Published: July 2024

Cerium dioxide (CeO2) has emerged as a promising electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to produce ammonia (NRA). However, the NRA performance of CeO2 still needs to be improved and the interface-related NRA electrocatalytic activity of CeO2 is unclear. Herein, CeO2 with exposed (111) or (200)/(220) planes is prepared by adjusting the amount of added surfactant simply. The CeO2 with exposed (220)/(200) planes presents higher NRA performance than that of CeO2 with the exposed (111) plane. Based on density functional theory, the enhanced mechanism is revealed. The exposed (111) plane of CeO2 repels $$\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$$ , interrupting the following NRA processes. For exposed (200)/(220) planes of CeO2, they show high affinity for $$\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$$ and relatively low energy barriers for NRA reactions, bringing about enhanced NRA performance. This work shows a crystal-plane-dependent strategy for enhancing the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts.
Driving Reality vs Simulator: Data Distinctions
Authors: Piaseczna Natalia , Doniec Rafał , Sieciński Szymon , Barańska Klaudia , Jędrychowski Marek , Grzegorzek Marcin
Published: July 2024

As the automotive industry undergoes a phase of rapid transformation driven by technological advancements, the integration of driving simulators stands out as an important tool for research and development. The usage of such simulators offers a controlled environment for studying driver behavior; the alignment of data, however, remains a complex aspect that warrants a thorough investigation. This research investigates driver state classification using a dataset obtained from real-road and simulated conditions, recorded through JINS MEME ES_R smart glasses. The data set encompasses electrooculography signals, with a focus on standardizing and processing data for subsequent analysis. For this purpose, we used a recurrent neural network model, which yielded a high accuracy on the testing dataset (86.5%). The findings of this study indicate that the proposed methodology could be used in real scenarios and that it could be used for the development of intelligent transportation systems and driver monitoring technology.
The Pigment World: A Photon Dissipation Perspective on the Origin and Evolution of Life
Authors: Michaelian Karo
Published: July 2024

Many of the fundamental molecules of life share extraordinary pigment-like optical properties in the long-wavelength UV-C spectral region. These include strong photon absorption and rapid (sub pico-second) dissipation of the induced electronic excitation energy into heat through peaked conical intersections. These properties have been attributed to a ``natural selection'' of molecules resistant to the dangerous UV-C light incident on Earth's surface during the Archean. In contrast, the ``thermodynamic dissipation theory for the origin of life'' argues that, far from being detrimental, UV-C light was, in fact, the thermodynamic potential driving the dissipative structuring of life at its origin. The optical properties were thus the thermodynamic ``design goals'' of microscopic dissipative structuring of organic UV-C pigments, today known as the ``fundamental molecules of life'', from common precursors under this light. This ``UV-C Pigment World'' evolved towards greater solar photon dissipation through more complex dissipative structuring pathways, eventually producing visible pigments to dissipate less energetic, but higher intensity, visible photons, up to wavelengths of the ``red-edge''. The propagation and dispersal of organic pigments, catalyzed by animals, and their coupling with abiotic dissipative processes, such as the water cycle, culminated in the apex photon dissipative structure, today's biosphere.
Enhancing Cyber Defense Strategies with Discrete Multidimensional Z-Numbers: A Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Approach
Authors: Yao Aiting , Dong Chengzu , Zhang Weiqi , Jiang Xiaoming , Mao Junjun , Liu Xiao , Li Xuejun
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development of intelligent logistics and network environment, it has become an urgent problem to efficiently and accurately handle and analyse the huge amount of uncertain decision information. Traditional decision making methods often fail to make the best use of complex and incomplete information, especially in the field of cyber defence. To address these problems, this paper introduces a new mathematical tool, discrete multidimensional Z-numbers (MZs), for expressing and dealing with uncertainty and reliability in network defence decisions. In this paper, we first introduce the synthesis method of discrete multidimensional Z-numbers, which allows us to consider the uncertainty and reliability of multi-source information in network defence strategy. Then, the hidden probability of MZs is calculated by using the hidden probability model, and the multidimensional Z+−number is proposed, which improves the expressiveness of the model in dealing with information uncertainty. Based on MZs, we define a variety of utility functions and build a multi-attribute group decision framework for network defence around these functions. The MZs provides a novel perspective for analysing and designing response strategies, especially against highly adaptive and covert attacks. The method in this paper is verified by a case of network security assessment of an intelligent logistics company. The results show that this method can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of decision making, demonstrating its unique advantages and wide application potential in network defence. This integrated discrete multidimensional Z-number group decision method is not only suitable for intelligent logistics decision making, but also provides an efficient decision support tool for network defence, which helps to improve the intelligence and adaptability of network security defence.
Exploring Egalitarianism: A Methodological Review and Research Agenda on Egalitarianism to Foster Positive Intergroup Relations
Authors: Waldrop Rachael J. , Warren Meg A.
Published: July 2024

Considerable research on intergroup relations emphasizes attitudes, motivations, and emotions that lead to reduction of prejudice. While factors that actively promote positive intergroup interactions have been emerging, a central theoretical framework has not been formally proposed. To address this gap, we engage a positive psychology lens to explore how and why people overcome their internalized biases to seek out successful and positive intergroup relations, looking to the positive counterparts of traditional prejudice-reduction models to begin building a framework of understanding. We reviewed the literature on values that guide intergroup behavior. After scanning 16,820 records that emerged in PsycInfo using keywords “egalitarian,” “non-prejudice,” and “intergroup,” we assessed 138 articles for eligibility. Among the relevant articles (N = 47), we analyzed authors’ definitions, methods of measurement, types of processes, and outcomes associated with egalitarian and non-prejudice values as they related to intergroup behavior. Overall, there was notable variability in how researchers conceptualized and observed egalitarianism. We discuss the five broad categories of egalitarianism (prejudice reduction, positive expression, concern for others, low social-dominance orientation, and universal orientation) and how they relate to positive or negative, and approach or avoidant outcomes. We propose a centralized model for studying positive values in intergroup contexts moving forward.
The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Perspective
Authors: Elmonshid Lena Bedawi Elfadli , Sayed Omer Ahmed
Published: July 2024

This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurship and sustainable devel-opment in Saudi Arabia from 2006 to 2022, focusing on the economic, social, and en-vironmental dimensions. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the research investigates both short-run and long-run dynamics to understand how entre-preneurial activities influence sustainable development within the framework of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 initiative. The findings indicate that entrepreneurship significantly contributes to economic growth through job creation and innovation, thereby aiding in the diversification of the economy away from oil dependency. Socially, entrepreneurial ini-tiatives have a positive impact on gender equality and social inclusion by empowering women and integrating youth into the labour market. Environmentally, entrepreneurship helps reduce carbon emissions and promotes sustainable business practices. Despite these positive outcomes, challenges such as regulatory barriers, limited access to finance, and the need for a supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem remain. Recommendations include enhancing entrepreneurial education, providing financial incentives, and streamlining regulatory processes to better support start-ups and SMEs. The study highlights the ne-cessity of addressing these challenges to fully realize the potential of entrepreneurship for sustainable development in Saudi Arabia. By providing empirical evidence on the sig-nificant role of entrepreneurship in driving sustainable development, this research offers actionable insights for policymakers aiming to foster a more resilient and diversified economy in line with Vision 2030.
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Proximate Analysis and Fatty Acid Composition of Hot-Smoked Underutilised South African Black Mussel (Choromytilus meridionalis, Krauss 1848)
Authors: Matika Sinazo , Oyenihi Ayodeji , Henning Sune
Published: July 2024

The ever-increasing demand for seafood-containing diets, especially fish, primarily due to their superior nutritional value, has impacted the availability of wild stocks, necessitating the focus on other underutilised aquaculture species. In this study, the proximate and fatty acid (FA) composition of the indigenous black South African mussel (Choromytilus meridionalis) was investigated. The effects of the hot-smoking as preservation method on the proximate composition for mussels were assessed using the standard AOAC protocols; while gas chromatography-flame ionised detection (GC-FID) was used to determine the FA content. The moisture level in hot-smoked mussels significantly (P
A Novel Facet of In-Hospital Food Consumption Associated with Hospital Mortality in Patients with Scheduled Admission – Addition of a Study Protocol to Test the Existence of Effects of COVID-19 in the Same Study in the Post-COVID-19 Period
Authors: Miyata Hiroyo , Tsunou Ayako , Hokotachi Yoko , Amagai Teruyoshi
Published: July 2024

Background: Humankind have faced unexperienced pandemic events since 2020. After COVID-19 pandemic is calming down, we felt the need to verify whether in-hospital mortality had worsened compared to pre-pandemic conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To test the hypothesis that daily food consumption is associated with in-hospital mortality during hospitalization and to provide baseline data to examine the effects of COVID-19 in post-pandemic exists or not. Methods: All hospitalized patients staying in a single institution on the third Thursday of May, August, November, and the following next February were included. Compared data: 1) among four seasons, 2) between age < vs.
Extending the Fixed-Effects Model on Nonlinear Least Squares
Authors: Duan Haitao , Zou Muquan , Yang Jiankun , Tran Vanha
Published: July 2024

In economics, especially econometrics, fixed-effects are widely recognized as powerful tools for heterogeneity analysis of longitudinal data sets. However, the existing research pays more attention to such as the variable selection, parameter estimation and dimension reduction on linear relationships with too many assumptions while nonlinear relationships are ubiquitous. In this paper, an extension fixed-effects model is proposed on the curve_fit nonlinear least squares. First, with the help of expert knowledge, the series regressions between independent variables including time and dependent variable is estimated on each series data, and the parameters are estimated by curve_fit. Similarly, the coeffection between independent variables including time and dependent variable is also initially estimated on the whole panel data. Second, the distance between regressions is defined, and then the coeffect function between the series regressions is obtained on the initial co-effect with curve_fit. Third, the time-effects and individual fixed-effects for each series data in the panel data are estimated on the differences of series regressions and co-effect function. Additionally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is varified on the synthetic data.
From Lipid Signatures to Cellular Responses: Unraveling the Complexity of Melanoma and Furthering Its Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Díaz-Grijuela Elisa , Hernández Agustín , Caballero Claudia , Fernandez Roberto , Urtasun Raquel , Gulak Marina , Astigarraga Egoitz , Barajas Miguel , Barreda-Gómez Gabriel
Published: July 2024

Recent advancements in mass spectrometry have significantly enhanced our understanding of complex lipid profiles, opening new avenues for oncological diagnostics. This review highlights the importance of lipidomics in the comprehension of certain metabolic pathways and its potential for the detection and characterization of various cancers, in particular melanoma. Through detailed case studies, we demonstrate how lipidomic analysis has led to significant breakthroughs in the identification and understanding of cancer types and its potential for detecting unique biomarkers that are instrumental in its diagnosis. Additionally, the review addresses the technical challenges and future perspectives of these methodologies, including their potential expansion and refinement for clinical applications. The discussion underscores the critical role of lipidomic profiling in advancing cancer diagnostics, proposing a new paradigm in how we approach this devastating disease, with particular emphasis on its application in comparative oncology.
Variety and Site Drive Salix Mixture Effects on Soil Organic Matter Chemistry and Soil Carbon Accumulation
Authors: Jensen Joel , Fransson Petra , Baum Christel , Leinweber Peter , Eckhardt Kai-Uwe , Weih Martin
Published: July 2024

Soil organic matter (SOM) is essential for nutrient cycling and soil carbon (C) accumu-lation, both of which are heavily influenced by the quality and quantity of plant litter. Since SOM dynamics in relation to plant diversity are poorly understood we investigated the effects of willow variety and mixture, and site on the soil C stocks, SOM chemical composition and ther-mal stability. Using pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry we analysed the top 10 cm of soil from two 7-year-old experimental sites in Germany and Sweden, with monocultures and mixtures of two willow varieties (Salix spp.) belonging to different species. Overall, site had the strongest effect on SOM quality. Results showed significant variability across sites for willow identity and mixture effects on C accumulation and SOM chemistry. In the German site (Ros-tock), yearly soil C accumulation was higher (p < 0.05) for variety ‘Loden’ (1.0 Mg C ha-1 year-1) compared to ‘Tora’ (0.5 Mg C ha-1 year-1), whilst in the Swedish site (Uppsala), both varieties ex-hibited similar soil C accumulation rates of around 0.6 Mg C ha-1 year-1. Willow variety identity significantly affected SOM quality at both sites, while mixing had minor effects. Our findings emphasize the significance of site-specific context and variety or species identity in shaping soil C accumulation in willow plantations.
Pesticides’ Mode of Action on Aquatic Life
Authors: Saha Raja , Dutta Sangita Maiti
Published: July 2024

Pesticides are chemical compounds or mixtures of hazardous substances that are used by humans to increase and protect crops from pests and control disease-carrying insects. Because of its wide use, it may be poisonous to helpful and non-targeting plants and animals. Spraying or spreading pesticides over whole fields of crops can cause runoff to transfer the chemicals into aquatic ecosystems, and wind can carry the chemicals to nearby grazing regions, farms, and populated areas, where they can endanger other animals. This review summarises recent studies on pesticide combination toxicity to aquatic biota and approaches used to anticipate toxic effects. When toxicants harm economically significant organisms that humans consume, the negative effects become more severe and can cause stress conditions, vital organ damage, biochemical damage, or even the death of living things in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Pesticides are highly toxic to aquatic organisms such as snails, fish, etc. Neurological dysfunction in freshwater organisms is also caused by pesticides. By producing excessive ROS, pesticides can cause severe biochemical and histological changes in freshwater organisms. So, it is therefore easy to understand the attention of the public on these substances. Because aquatic organisms play a major part in the food chain. However, through the biomagnification process, the quantity of pesticides increases in the higher organisms through the food chain. Which results play a terrific role in the higher organism’s body. So, It's essential to comprehend the way that insecticides work on aquatic organisms. In this review article, we are focusing on the way that pesticides work, which will help in the system of biomonitoring.
Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors Therapy
Authors: Fujiwara Ryo , Yamamoto Shinya , Takemura Kosuke , Yuasa Takeshi , Numao Noboru , Oguchi Tomohiko , Yasuda Yosuke , Yoneoka Yusuke , Yonese Junji
Published: July 2024

We conducted a retrospective evaluation of the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) treated with first-line androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) in real-world clinical practice in Japan. Between 2012 and 2023, a total of 127 consecutive patients with nmCRPC received ARSI treatment. Overall survival (OS), metastatic-free survival (MFS), and prostate-specific antigen progression–free survival (PSA-PFS) from ARSI initiation were assessed using Kaplan–Meier methodology. Clinical factors associated with OS in nmCRPC were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Among the patients, 72, 26, 12, and 17 received enzalutamide (ENZ), abiraterone (ABI), apalutamide (APA), and darolutamide (DARO) as first-line therapy. The median OS and MFS for all patients were 79.0 and 42.0 months, respectively. Median PSA-PFS was 27.0, 20.0, 10.0, and 14.0 months for patients treated with ENZ, ABI, APA, and DARO, respectively (p = 0.33). Multivariate analysis revealed that a baseline PSA level ≥3.67 ng/ml at ARSI initiation was significantly associated with poorer OS (p = 0.002). ARSI demonstrated favorable efficacy in nmCRPC patients. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes among different types of ARSI therapy for nmCRP. Elevated baseline PSA at ARSI initiation was significantly associated with poorer OS.
Inclusive Information Design in Heritage Landscapes.
Experimental proposals for the Archaeological Site of Tiermes, Spain
Authors: Fernández Villalobos Nieves , Rodríguez Fernández Carlos , Fernández Raga Sagrario , Zelli Flavia
Published: July 2024

The social recognition of cultural landscapes has increased in recent years. Culture must be accessible to all citizens, helping them to interpret the cultural landscape in the most respectful and autonomous way possible. Nevertheless, the link between accessibility and heritage requires a sensitive perception of the environment and individuals in their different situations. Usually, however, only partial solutions are offered, whereas a global, truly sustainable and inclusive approach should be adopted. In this sense, information design can play an essential role in the enjoyment and knowledge of Heritage Landscapes. The aim of this article is to present some reflections on this topic, which have led a group of teachers and students from the Laboratory of Architectural, Cultural and Heritage Landscape of the University of Valladolid (LAB/PAP) to develop experimental design proposals for the archaeological site of Tiermes, in Soria, Spain. The method applied is based on field research, case studies, project proposals, workshops and user testing. The resulting proposals emerge from the previous research developed by the LAB/PAP. They will focus on information design to present this extraordinary site in an inclusive way. The final discussion will decide which of these proposals will be easier and more useful to implement.
Synthesis of Ni@SiC/CNFs Composite and Its Microwave Induced Catalytic Activity
Authors: Ouyang Haibo , Liu Jiaqi , Li Cuiyan , Bao Leer , Shen Tianzhan , Li Yanlei
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a novel microwave catalyst Ni@SiC/CNFs (NSC), C/Ni (NC), and C/SiC (SC) were successfully synthesized by electrostatic spinning method, and proved to degrade methylene blue with high efficiency under microwave irradiation. The results imply that the catalyst Ni@SiC/CNFs with double shell structure gave a 99.99 % removal rate in 90 s for the degradation of methylene blue under microwave irradiation, outperformed the C/Ni and C/SiC and most other reported catalysts in similar studies. On the one hand, the possible mechanism of the methylene blue degradation should be ascribed to that double shell structure increases the polarization source of the material, resulting in excellent microwave absorption properties; and on the other, the in-situ generation of active species OH• and O2 - under microwave radiation and the synergistic coupling effect of metal plasma greatly improved the degradation efficiency of methylene blue. The findings of this study could provide a valuable reference for the green degradation of industrial dye wastewater and its sustainable development process.
Reducing Ammonia Emissions in Polish Agriculture, in the Implementation of the NEC Directive – Pilot Studies
Authors: Mielcarek-Bocheńska Paulina , Rzeźnik Wojciech
Published: July 2024

One of the important air pollutants is ammonia, which is mainly emitted from the agriculture sector. This sector is responsible for over 81% of global ammonia emissions. The main threat related to ammonia emissions is water eutrophication and soil acidification. The aim of the research was a preliminary assessment of the implementation status of methods for reducing ammonia emissions on farms and to learn the views and awareness of agricultural producers on reducing emissions of pollutants into the air. The research was conducted using a survey questionnaire that was made available to farmers in various ways. Based on the results of pilot surveys, it can be concluded that farmers have general knowledge of environmental protection and generally agree that people have an impact on the state of the environment. Low-emission practices to reduce ammonia emissions from agricultural sources are not widely used. The best situation is regarding reduction practices in the storage of natural fertilizers and the use of low-emission fertilizer application techniques. Some reduction activities are not obligatory, therefore it is difficult to determine the scope of application of these practices. Therefore, such periodic research will allow monitoring the activity of agricultural producers in implementing reduction methods.
Groundwater Quality and Hydrogeochemical Processes in the Katerini-Kolindros Aquifer System, Central Macedonia, Greece
Authors: Psyrillos Agamemnon , Tziritis Evangelos
Published: July 2024

The Katerini-Kolindros aquifer system (KKas) is a critical freshwater resource, essential for the local and regional economy. To understand contamination sources, groundwater flow paths, and assess the aquifer's health, an extensive dataset of 751 samples from 113 wells collected between 2010 and 2020 was analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis (MVSA) and hydrogeochemical diagrams. The prevailing water types identified were Ca-HCO₃ and Mg-HCO₃, with mixed water types resulting from various factors affecting groundwater quality. The chemistry of groundwater in the KKas is shown to be affected by ion exchange processes and to a lesser extent by reverse ion exchange processes. No indications of sea-water intrusion have been identified in the water wells monitored. On the other hand, nitrate contamination has been detected in specific water wells spatially associated with urban-type land uses and activities. It is considered that nitrate contamination originates primarily from septic tanks and urban sewage networks or secondarily from fertilization of football pitches, cemeteries or urban waste management practices.
Prototype of Parallel Plate Type Fast Atom Beam Source and its Improvement of Irradiation Characteristics
Authors: Kato Taisei , Morisaki Ryo , Yamazaki Takahiro , Oka Chiemi , Sakurai Junpei , Hata Seiichi
Published: July 2024

Fast atom beam (FAB) source is used for surface activated bonding. This process is attracting attention as an essential process for next-generation semiconductor manufacturing. Traditional wafer direct bonding processes require annealing or cannot be directly bonded at room temperature. Therefore, there are restrictions on the materials that can be bonded and the combinations of materials that can be bonded. However, surface activated bonding has made it possible to directly bond dissimilar materials at room temperature. This technology is expected to be applied to the manufacturing of various MEMS and three-dimensional stacking of semiconductors. This bonding process involves bombarding the wafer surface with fast argon atom beam in a vacuum chamber. Irradiation removes oxide layer and contaminants, exposing dangling bonds. By pressing the wafers together, the dangling bonds are bonded together, and a strong bond is achieved. The device that generates this fast argon atom beam is FAB source. This device has been of the type that generates a saddle field electric field. However, this FAB source had a narrow beam irradiation area and was unable to support the recent increase in wafer diameter. Therefore, it was necessary to perform irradiation using multiple FAB sources. At production sites, there is a need to develop new FAB sources that can irradiate large areas. In this study, we developed FAB source in which the beam is generated by parallel plate electrodes. We performed a comparison with the saddle field type FAB source and found that the performance was inferior in initial experiments. Next, we improved the design to operate at higher voltages and increased the aperture area. Through these improvements, we have achieved performance superior to the saddle field type FAB source.
Scrap Float Detection in a Blanking Die Set with Multiple Retrofit Accelerometers Using the Mahalanobis–Taguchi System
Authors: Ohashi Takahiro
Published: July 2024

Detection of scrap floating for a stamping die with 0.8 mm-thick A1050 aluminum sheets was conducted with multiple retrofit accelerometers attached to the outside of the stamping die-set. The accelerometers were attached to three locations on the side of the stripper plate and one location on the side of the punch plate of a 3-ϕ30 hole blanking die using a magnet-based jig. Anomaly detection technique using the Mahalanobis–Taguchi system was conducted with the gravity analysis of the waveform of the accelerometers’ signal. A total of 106 experiments without foreign objects (i.e., a scrap) were conducted to collect instances of the signal profile for the normal samples. In addition, 24 error samples with a foreign object were fabricated for anomaly detection tests. Only one of the four locations achieved 100% accuracy in detection using only one sensor. In detection using only one sensor, only one of the four locations achieved 100% accuracy. We attempted to improve the accuracy by increasing the amount of learning. However, the accuracy did not improve by increasing the amount of training except for the one sensor mentioned above. This result implies that machine learning, in which features are predefined by the user, cannot compensate for the disadvantage of sensor location by the amount of training. Then, combinations of the sensors were examined. Learning with all features of all 4 sensors (i.e., with 12 features) resulted in a still imperfect separation between normal and error samples. However, even if a single sensor causes false positives, it was possible to combine the influential features of multiple sensors, that were chosen by SN ratio analysis, to detect all anomalies without false positives. In future work, we would like to consider the detection of anomalies with multi-discipline features and combine anomaly detection systems with design and quality control systems.