bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of optimal work extraction for quantum systems with work storage
Authors: Song 宋 Peng-Fei 鹏飞 , Zhang 张 Dan-Bo 旦波
Published: November 2023

The capacity to extract work from a quantum heat machine is not only of practical value but also lies at the heart of understanding quantum thermodynamics. In this paper, we investigate optimal work extraction for quantum systems with work storage, where extracting work is completed by a unitary evolution on the composite system. We consider the physical requirement of energy conservation both strictly and on average. For both, we construct their corresponding unitaries and propose variational quantum algorithms for optimal work extraction. We show that maximal work extraction in general can be feasible when energy conservation is satisfied on average. We demonstrate with numeral simulations using a continuous-variable work storage. Our work show an implementation of a variational quantum computing approach for simulating work extraction in quantum systems.
Pedestrian lane formation with following–overtaking model and measurement of system order
Authors: Li 李 Bi-Lu 碧璐 , Li 李 Zheng 政 , Zhou 周 Rui 睿 , Shen 申 Shi-Fei 世飞
Published: November 2023

Pedestrian self-organizing movement plays a significant role in evacuation studies and architectural design. Lane formation, a typical self-organizing phenomenon, helps pedestrian system to become more orderly, the majority of following behavior model and overtaking behavior model are imprecise and unrealistic compared with pedestrian movement in the real world. In this study, a pedestrian dynamic model considering detailed modelling of the following behavior and overtaking behavior is constructed, and a method of measuring the lane formation and pedestrian system order based on information entropy is proposed. Simulation and analysis demonstrate that the following and avoidance behaviors are important factors of lane formation. A high tendency of following results in good lane formation. Both non-selective following behavior and aggressive overtaking behavior cause the system order to decrease. The most orderly following strategy for a pedestrian is to overtake the former pedestrian whose speed is lower than approximately 70% of his own. The influence of the obstacle layout on pedestrian lane and egress efficiency is also studied with this model. The presence of a small obstacle does not obstruct the walking of pedestrians; in contrast, it may help to improve the egress efficiency by guiding the pedestrian flow and mitigating the reduction of pedestrian system orderliness.
Higher-order topological Anderson insulator on the Sierpiński lattice
Authors: Chen 陈 Huan 焕 , Liu 刘 Zheng-Rong 峥嵘 , Chen 陈 Rui 锐 , Zhou 周 Bin 斌
Published: November 2023

Disorder effects on topological materials in integer dimensions have been extensively explored in recent years. However, its influence on topological systems in fractional dimensions remains unclear. Here, we investigate the disorder effects on a fractal system constructed on the Sierpiński lattice in fractional dimensions. The system supports the second-order topological insulator phase characterized by a quantized quadrupole moment and the normal insulator phase. We find that the second-order topological insulator phase on the Sierpiński lattice is robust against weak disorder but suppressed by strong disorder. Most interestingly, we find that disorder can transform the normal insulator phase to the second-order topological insulator phase with an emergent quantized quadrupole moment. Finally, the disorder-induced phase is further confirmed by calculating the energy spectrum and the corresponding probability distributions.
Study on the Performance of the GRANDProto300 Particle Detector Array by Simulation
Authors: Dai Fu-Lin , Gou Quan-Bu , Huang Xiaoyuan , Guo Yi-Qing
Published: November 2023

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a proposed large-scale observatory designed to detect cosmic rays, gamma-rays, and neutrinos with energies exceeding 100 PeV. The GRANDProto300 experiment is proposed as the early stage of the GRAND project, consisting of a hybrid array of radio antennas and scintillator detectors. The latter, as a mature and traditional detector, is used to cross-check the nature of the candidate events selected from radio observations. In this study, we developed a simulation software called G4GRANDProto300, based on the Geant4 software package, to optimize the spacing of the scintillator detector array and to investigate its effective area. The analysis was conducted at various zenith angles under different detector spacings, including 300, 500, 600, 700, and 900 m. Our results indicate that, for large zenith angles used to search for cosmic-ray in the GRAND project, the optimized effective area is with a detector spacing of 500 m. The G4GRANDProto300 software that we developed could be used to further optimize the layout of the particle detector array in future work.
A scaffold containing zinc oxide for Schwann cell-mediated axon growth
Authors: Stratton Scott , Wang Shuo , Hashemi Sharareh , Pressman Yelena , Nanchanatt James , Oudega Martin , Arinzeh Treena Livingston
Published: November 2023

Objective. Schwann cells (SCs) transplanted in damaged nervous tissue promote axon growth, which may support the recovery of function lost after injury. However, SC transplant-mediated axon growth is often limited and lacks direction. Approach. We have developed a zinc oxide (ZnO) containing fibrous scaffold consisting of aligned fibers of polycaprolactone (PCL) with embedded ZnO nanoparticles as a biodegradable, bifunctional scaffold for promoting and guiding axon growth. This scaffold has bifunctional properties wherein zinc is released providing bioactivity and ZnO has well-known piezoelectric properties where piezoelectric materials generate electrical activity in response to minute deformations. In this study, SC growth, SC-mediated axon extension, and the presence of myelin basic protein (MBP), as an indicator of myelination, were evaluated on the scaffolds containing varying concentrations of ZnO in vitro. SCs and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were cultured, either alone or in co-culture, on the scaffolds. Main results. Findings demonstrated that scaffolds with 1 wt.% ZnO promoted the greatest SC growth and SC-mediated axon extension. The presence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also determined. BDNF increased in co-cultures for all scaffolds as compared to SCs or DRGs cultured alone on all scaffolds. For co-cultures, cells on scaffolds with low levels of ZnO (0.5 wt.% ZnO) had the highest amount of BDNF as compared to cells on higher ZnO-containing scaffolds (1 and 2 wt.%). MBP immunostaining was only detected in co-cultures on PCL control scaffolds (without ZnO). Significance. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of the ZnO-containing scaffolds for SC-mediated axon growth and its potential for use in nervous tissue repair.
Operation and Maintenance System Architecture Design and Practice for Cloud-network Integration
Authors: Zhang Xue , Cheng Xinna , Wang Luman , Wang Wei , Yang Kun , Cao Yaping
Published: November 2023

As cloud-network integration, 5G and 6G, all-optical network, and IP-based services evolve, operational systems of operators face new challenges. The current operational systems suffer from inconsistent technical architecture, insufficient data sharing, lack of decoupling capability, and inadequate intelligence, leading to a high maintenance workload and poor customer experience. This paper analyzes the requirements of intelligent operation systems for operators and innovatively proposes an architecture and design scheme for intelligent operational systems based on cloud-network integration. The paper summarizes the practical experience of the new generation of cloud-network operation and maintenance systems and proposes improvements and outlooks for the development of the next generation of operational management systems.
Error Analysis Due to the Transient Reactance of the Generator in Simulation Verification of Power System Inertia Evaluation
Authors: Liu Mosi , Sun Zhiyuan , Zheng Kun , Liu Jiaji
Published: November 2023

In the simulation validation process of the inertia evaluation model, it is necessary to collect the power and frequency data of a node accurately after the disturbance and use a reasonable data processing algorithm to reduce the error. Given that the power and frequency characteristics of the generator outlet side bus are similar to those of the generator, some research work selects the generator outlet side bus as the test object of the power and frequency data acquisition device. However, the generator outlet side bus inertia and the theoretical generator inertia are not equivalent because of the generator transient reactance. In this paper, we first establish a 3-machine 6-node inertia simulation model using a constant power load connected via a circuit breaker to provide system unbalanced power and then simulate the generator outlet side bus inertia under two conditions of the transient reactance set to zero and non-zero. Through comparison with the theoretical generator inertia, it is concluded that the generator outlet side bus inertia represents the theoretical generator inertia only when the transient reactance is set to zero. This conclusion applies to complex power systems as well.
Dissolved Gas Analysis of Transformer Oil Based on Bayesian Regularized BP Neural Network
Authors: Qi Yu , Jiang Jiyuan , Yu Xiping , Zhang Shi , Cheng Rui
Published: November 2023

The hidden fault diagnosis of the transformer will play an important role in the future smart grid, as the safe operation of the transformer is an important guarantee of power system stability. The attention value method which is being applied to actual substations is introduced, according to a real case that took place in 2010, after detailed experiments, the method proposed in this paper has been verified, that is, a model based on Bayesian regularized BP neural network has been successfully established. The hidden fault in the transformer can be found earlier by DGA based on Bayesian regularized BP network model.
Judgment method of the dynamic threshold value of motor protection at a dynamic load rate
Authors: Zhou Feng , Guan Yunli , Wang Pengfei , Hao Ting
Published: November 2023

To address the shortcomings of traditional motor thermal protection, which uses the motor’s temperature or temperature rise threshold operating at full load as the basis for the judgment method, a dynamic threshold judgment method based on a study of the motor’s temperature rise characteristics under a dynamic load rate is proposed. Taking a forced air-cooled, three-phase asynchronous motor with 11 kW power as the research object, a 2D/3D motor model under steady-state conditions is established. The loss distribution of asynchronous motors at different load rates is obtained through electromagnetic field simulation calculations. The finite element method is used to simulate and calculate the motor’s temperature field. Taking ambient temperature and load factors into account, the study takes place from the perspective of motor temperature rise in order to acquire the law governing the change in motor temperature increase under various working circumstances. A method of converting the temperature and warming between the motor’s stator, winding, and rotor is proposed. A dynamic threshold judgment system for accurate warning of overheating problems in motors under any load rate is set up so that the thermal protection of motors can accurately be judged under variable load conditions, which offers a crucial theoretical foundation for the design of intelligent motor temperature rise prediction systems. It contributes to a methodological underpinning for the diagnosis and early warning of thermal health in smart motor systems.
Research on High Power Charging Power Supply Based on LLC and LCL-T Resonant Converter
Authors: Wang Shuai , Fang Wei , Li Runze
Published: November 2023

Electric vehicle charging uses constant current followed by a constant voltage charging method, the MOSFETs operate over a large range of frequencies, which will cause trouble to the design of magnetic components, and the magnetizing current is circulated in the resonant tank, which will lead to more core loss. In this paper, a new resonant converter based on inductive multiplexing of LLC and LCL-T is studied to reduce the switching frequency range by using the inherent output characteristics of the converter. During the constant voltage charging phase, the LLC resonant tank operates as a constant voltage source to provide a stable charging voltage. In the LLC resonant tank, the resonant inductor is equated to the secondary side, and this resonant inductor is reused to develop the LCL-T resonant tank for the constant current charging stage, which is equivalent to a constant current source to provide a stable charging current. The resonant converter in this paper has lower losses and higher efficiency compared to other LLC resonant converters. A prototype with 3.3 kW is created to test the theoretical analysis.
Experimental Study on Electromagnetic Interference on control cable from two unbalanced 10 kV Power Cables
Authors: Zhao Yu , Liu Yanping , Chu Shaoxian , Liu Gang , Xie Yue
Published: November 2023

The occurrence of unpredicted and sudden failures in power cables seriously threatened the nearby control cables. Two cases of unbalance in the three-phase current load originate from a high horsepower pump and a sudden power off in an MW pump, resulting in an error signal detected in the adjacent control cable. However, these two cases just occurred once during the plant operation; no more history records can be a reference. In this paper, a typical power cable and control cable structure was constructed, typical accidents in power cables were considered, and electromagnetic interference was considered. The results show that the unbalance of the three-phase load results in a fold increase in interference current. Compared with the two-phase unbalance, the one-phase would bring a higher current. In other words, power off in a sudden situation brought a higher current than three-phase unbalance, especially a faster drop in current load. Finally, more attention should be given to the power cable operation, including unbalance in the power cable and an urgent power off.
Locating Sources of Sub-Synchronous Oscillations in Wind Farms Based on Instantaneous Energy Supply on Port and Bicoherence
Authors: Lu Qiuyu , Zheng Zetian , Liu Ye , Xie Pingping , Yang Yinguo , Zhu Yu
Published: November 2023

The sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) which occurred in direct-driven wind generators (DDWG) based wind farms became a research hotspot. The SSO excited the shaft torsional vibration of thermal generators and caused trip failures, leading to economic losses and stabilization problems. However, the existing phasor-based oscillation source locating methods cannot be applied to the SSO since the power system quasi-steady-state assumption was not satisfied in the SSO scenarios. Thus, a novel locating method for SSO sources was urgently required. To fill this gap, this paper proposed an improved method for locating nonlinear sub-synchronous oscillation sources based on Energy Supply on Port (ESP) and bicoherence. The ESP was calculated with the instantaneous values of measured voltages and currents at some predefined network interfaces, i.e., the ports. The tendency of the ESP indicated the transient energy injection from a certain subsystem into the rest of the network during a designated period, which can help figure out the oscillation source of the SSO. After oscillation source localization, the nonlinear index and its threshold were proposed by defining the bicoherence coefficient in consideration of the nonlinear oscillation characteristics. According to the power-quality standard and the comparison of the bicoherence with the threshold, the nonlinearity of the oscillation source was examined. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method were proved in the case study which simulated the oscillation scene of the accident in Hami.
Lookup Table Merging for FPGA Technology Mapping
Authors: Tu Junhu , Xu Ning
Published: November 2023

Higher logic density is a key goal pursued by Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). The higher the logic density is, the lower the cost of the circuit spends, and the shorter the line length of the circuit is, the less power is required. Technology mapping is used to map technology-independent logic gates into a lookup table (LUT) netlist. A big problem with the 6-input LUT used in the FPAG at the present stage is that the utilization rate of the lookup table is insufficient. Modern FPGA architectures have good support for dual-output LUTs. We can merge two small LUTs into a new dual-output LUT, if the total number of inputs of the two small LUTs is not greater than the input limit specified by the LUT, thereby reducing the area, that is, reducing the number of LUTs. In this paper, the dual-output LUTs are merged in the technology mapping stage, and a new method of merging single-output LUTs into dual-output LUTs is proposed. The experimental results show that the algorithm used in this paper has an average reduction of 10.21 % in the number of LUTs without worsening delay.
Fast Ground Segmentation Method Based on Lidar Point Cloud
Authors: Niu Guochen , Tian Yibo , Sun Xiangyu , Han Zhiheng
Published: November 2023

A ground segmentation method based on line fitting of adjacent points was proposed for accurate and real-time segmentation of non-ground information from the LiDAR point cloud. Firstly, the point cloud is divided into several ordered regions depending upon the distribution characteristics of the LiDAR’s concentric circles. Then, the Euclidean distance between adjacent points and the spatial geometric features of ground point clouds is used for adaptive line fitting of ground point clouds. Finally, the ground points are divided by the distance between the adjacent points and the outer points of the line. The experiment was conducted using a real car and the KITTI open-source dataset. The approach presented in this research substantially enhances the accuracy of ground segmentation while ensuring real-time performance.
Experimental Analysis of Third Harmonic on Zero Line Heating Influence Based on COMSOL
Authors: Li Rui , Zhao Yu , Nie Yunliang , Zhong Chen
Published: November 2023

In the study of zero-line heating fire hazard caused by the third harmonic, the harmonic content in a high harmonic incidence place is measured, and an indoor physical experiment platform is built as well. Based on the experimental platform, the third harmonic heating experiment on zero lines is carried out with different wire diameters. The heating pattern of zero lines under different working conditions is obtained, which could provide a certain experimental basis for electrical fire prevention in public places. Based on the COMSOL multi-physical field coupling simulation software, the third harmonic heating model of zero line is established, and the curve of temperature distribution gradient and zero line temperature is obtained. The comparison between simulation results and experimental results verifies the accuracy of the simulation model. It provides a theoretical method for a reasonable selection of zero-line diameter, arrangement of zero line layout, and prevention of electrical fire.
A Gate Drive Circuit for Dual N-type H-bridge Power Transistors
Authors: Shu Zhixiang , Fan Jiaqi
Published: November 2023

A new grid driver of a high-side N-type switch tube is designed, which is easy to integrate. The circuit has the characteristics of low cost and fast speed and solves the problem of the unstable output voltage of a high-side switch tube when a low-side switch tube is not working in a traditional bootstrap circuit. The power supply voltage of the circuit is 30 V, including the voltage bias module, a high-level voltage shift circuit module, and a charge pump module. It can meet the driving requirements of a large size and high-side N-type switch tube. In this study, the 0.18 μm MGN process was used for design and simulation. The simulation results show that the grid driver has good driving ability.
A Reference Voltage Circuit Applied in High Precision Delta-Sigma ADC
Authors: Duan Ying , Wang Xiaocha , Duan Quanzhen
Published: November 2023

A novel reference voltage circuit design which is applied in high-precision Delta-Sigma ADC is implemented. The proposed reference circuit exploits a high-gain class-AB OTA as the error amplifier, which improves the transient response characteristics, ensures loop stability, and does not increase additional power consumption. The design and simulation of the proposed reference voltage circuit are fabricated by SMIC.18 CMOS technology. The simulation results manifest that the temperature coefficient of the bandgap reference is 6.825 ppm/°C in the temperature range from -40°C to 125°C. The transient response of the proposed reference circuit takes about 13 ns to reach the precision demanded by the reference voltage. The Σ-Δ modulator with the designed reference voltage circuit applied has an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 18.1 bits, a signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of 111.2 dB, and a signal-to-noise-plus-distortion (SNDR) of 110.9 dB at 1MHz sampling frequency and 625 Hz input signal.
An Optimization Scheme and Circuit for Driving a Stepper Motor with the Index Control Mode
Authors: Lin Yujun , Huang Shengming
Published: November 2023

An optimized control scheme for driving a stepper motor with the index control mode is proposed and analyzed in this paper to control the stepper motor more accurately and effectively. Based on the built-in five-digit digital-to-analog signal converter (DAC), six stepper motor operating modes, namely 1/32 micro steps, 1/16 micro steps, 1/8 micro steps, 1/4 step, 1/2 step, and full step, can be selected. Only four control ports are required for switching of operating mode and motor steering. The simulation results show the optimized circuit can output accurate current signals to control the stepper motor.
A MOSFET subdivision, MOSFET-only subthreshold voltage and current reference for LDO applications
Authors: Yu Gang , Duan Quanzhen , Zhou Baozeng , Huang Shengming
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes a MOSFET-only voltage and current reference circuit, which can simultaneously provide a 2 V reference voltage and 300 nA reference current. This design is mainly used in a low-power Low-Dropout Regulator (LDO) project, after simulation verification, which works well in LDO applications. The circuit is performed by SMIC.18 CMOS technology and simulation with the Cadence platform, with different threshold voltage MOSFET circuit design. The whole circuit works in the subthreshold area, and the overall circuit consists of the start-up circuit, the current reference circuit, the voltage reference circuit, the MOSFET subdivision circuit, and the current mirror output circuit. The circuit has the characteristics of high precision and low power consumption, with a layout size of only 0.015 mm2. Under a temperature range of -30 to 70 °C and a power voltage of 3.3 V, the simulation and post-simulation temperature coefficients (TC) of the circuit are 5.4 ppm/°C and 19.4 ppm/°C, respectively. The post-simulation output reference voltage at room temperature is 2.0008 V, and the working power voltage within the circuit error range is 3.2 V to 3.4 V. Excluding the current mirror output circuit part of the Current-Quiescent (IQ) being 530 nA, the power consumption is 1.75 μW when the supply voltage is 3.3 V, and the design goal is reached.
Life Prediction of TMR Current Sensor under Accelerated Degradation Test
Authors: Long Zhaozhi , Li Wenting , Liu Shaobo , Liu Yi , Yang Ning , Miao Yunxin , Jiang Xiping
Published: November 2023

Sensors are an important component of smart grids. This paper proposes an accelerated degradation test plan for magnetoresistive sensors and establishes a life prediction model based on performance degradation trajectories. Firstly, the structure and working principle of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) current sensor are explained, and the performance degradation parameter is selected. Secondly, the Arrhenius model and basic concepts of accelerated degradation testing are introduced. Then, taking a certain model of the TMR current sensor as an example, the experiment is designed and the platform is constructed to obtain the performance degradation trajectory, and thus the life prediction is carried out.
Protection for AC transmission line between DFIG wind farm and MMC station
Authors: Yang Wei , Mei Xueao , Sun Bin , Liu Liqun , Lai Youfu , Yan Zhao , Chen Songwei , Han Lulu , Zuo Danni
Published: November 2023

The characteristics of power electronic controlled sources are reflected at both ends of the AC line applied to the integration of long-distance wind farms into the MMC-HVDC converter station, and the fault characteristics of the system have undergone fundamental changes. For the doubly-fed wind power AC transmission line with a modular multilevel converter, the short-circuit current characteristics provided by the power supply at both ends of the line lead to the inadaptability of longitudinal differential protection. In view of the significant difference in the complexity of the short-circuit current component provided by the doubly-fed wind power and the converter at both ends of the AC transmission line, a line pilot protection idea based on the complexity of the current component is proposed. The complexity of the current component is characterized by singular entropy theory, and then the singular entropy algorithm and its scheme for pilot protection are constructed. A refined electromagnetic transient model of MMC-HVDC for doubly-fed wind farms is built in PSCAD for simulation verification. The simulation results show that the proposed method can quickly and reliably identify various types of internal and external faults, and solve the problem of incorrect action of traditional protection in this scenario. In addition, the scheme is not affected by fault type, location, or transition resistance.
The Improved Coordinated Control Method of Islanding and Grid-Connected Operations for DC Microgrids
Authors: Li Mingyue , Fang Wei , Kang Guohang
Published: November 2023

The DC microgrid plays an essential role in realizing smart power supply systems for the DC loads. It combines various distributed generations and transmits the power to the loads or the utility grid through the DC bus. It attaches great importance to energy management because of the load and photovoltaic power fluctuations. This paper proposes an improved coordinated control based on the characteristics of various distributed generations and utility grids. The proposed method can realize the stabilization of bus voltage when the system switches between multiple operating modes in grid-connected and island mode due to the change of energy. Compared with the present ways, the proposed method provides a further optimization on the design of charging for energy storage units in the grid-connected mode and the current sharing with the backup storage units in the islanded mode which is conducted by SoC balancing droop control. Finally, the DC microgrid simulation platform is built to verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Communication performance optimization of coal mine goaf LoRa AD hoc network sensor system based on tree topology
Authors: Yang Ning
Published: November 2023

Real-time accurate monitoring of goaf gas, temperature, and other parameters is of key significance for the prevention and control of spontaneous coal combustion in the goaf. In this paper, a tree network and communication protocol for LoRa technology are proposed to solve the problems of small communication coverage and short endurance of the traditional goaf wireless monitoring system. In this paper, a geometric topology structure is designed for wireless sensor nodes to find relay nodes through the path loss model, and an energy-saving optimization algorithm routing scheme is designed. In addition, LoRa AD hoc network experiment platform and upper computer system are developed and designed. Through numerical analysis and experimental results in coal mines, it is proved that the proposed method significantly reduces the energy consumption of the whole network. The coverage radius is increased by 300% compared with the traditional star wireless sensor system, which makes the endurance time and communication quality have higher reliability.
A Resource Optimization for Two-Step Random Access in 5G New Radio
Authors: Liu Jichao , Zhao Xu , Wang Yubo , Liu Hao , Zhang Yubing , Wang Xin , Gan Jie , Li Dejian
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a resource optimization method for the 2-step random access (RA) procedure in the 5th generation new radio (5G NR). In 2-step RA, the MsgA includes a sequence as a preamble on the physical random access channel (PRACH) and uplink payload on the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The mapping between PRACH slots and PUSCH slots is specified by system configuration parameters. The network reserves the corresponding PUSCH resource fixedly, regardless of the random access occasion (RO) occupancy rate and the uplink data traffic request. It deprives the uplink scheduling resource efficiency in cases of some RO unoccupied. To achieve higher utilization efficiency, this paper studies the reusing of the PUSCH slots and occasions fixed to RACH in MsgA. By detecting the preambles in RO before the corresponding PUSCH slots, the network acquires the occupancy of the RO. Then the PUSCH occasion (PO) in reserved PUSCH can be released, which conforms to the RO detection result. The release of the previously reserved PUSCH occasions can be rescheduled and reused by the user equipment (UE) for uplink data transmission. Hence more wireless resources can be scheduled in contrast to the existing allocation of uplink share channel in 2-step type random access. It suggests that using the method improves the efficiency of resource utilization.
Air-Ground Cooperative Access Algorithm for UAV-assisted Wireless Networks in Transmission Lines
Authors: Tu Chao , Zhao Kai , Tu Weizheng
Published: November 2023

To reduce the energy consumption of wireless network communication in the transmission line scenario and improve the service life of the network, this paper proposes an air-ground cooperative access algorithm. The algorithm aims to minimize the communication energy consumption of the base station serving transmission line nodes. Firstly, the user rate contribution weight provided by the air-ground base station is optimized, and then the air-ground coordinated power allocation is realized according to the optimal weight. The simulation results show that the proposed air-ground cooperative access algorithm achieves a reduction in energy consumption of over 50% compared to the traditional single base station access method.
Design of a High PSRR Low-pressure Bandgap Reference Source with Curvature Compensation
Authors: Liu Junchao , Wang Xiaocha
Published: November 2023

Based on the NUVOTON 0.35 μm BCD process, a low voltage bandgap reference with an input voltage of 5 V and output voltage of 0.6 V is designed in this paper. The traditional low-voltage bandgap reference output voltage has a large temperature coefficient and poor ability to suppress power supply fluctuations. In this paper, a circuit with high order compensation is proposed to reduce the temperature coefficient of the circuit, and a pre-regulated circuit is used to increase the power supply rejection ratio. The simulation results are at -30 °C∼130 °C. The output voltage of reference voltage is 947.5 μV, the temperature coefficient is 9.58 ppm/°C, and the power suppression ratio is -104.62 dB, which meets the design requirements of the power management chip.
Anti-interference Technology of Multi-type Data Acquisition and Transmission Based on HPLC
Authors: Shi Zhan , Li Bo , Deng Xiaozhi , Yang Zhihua , Wang Xiuzhu
Published: November 2023

With the development of the social economy, electricity consumption increases rapidly. A large amount of real-time electricity consumption data plays an important role in analyzing the power grid business. Monitoring power consumption performance through electricity consumption data is also an important indicator to improve power grid performance. By analyzing the characteristics of HPLC channels, such as capacitance characteristics, frequency loss characteristics, signal-to-noise ratio characteristics, line icing, and noise interference, the critical values of data transmission distortion caused by the characteristics of each channel were summarized. On this basis, it is concluded that suitable filters and amplifiers should be selected to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the transmission quality of HPLC signals. Therefore, an anti-interference technology for data transmission based on HPLC is proposed. Finally, the application advantages and existing problems of HPLC technology in three-stream integration data acquisition and transmission are further explored.
Symmetries of the squeeze-driven Kerr oscillator
Authors: Iachello Francesco , Cortiñas Rodrigo G , Pérez-Bernal Francisco , Santos Lea F
Published: November 2023

We study the symmetries of the static effective Hamiltonian of a driven superconducting nonlinear oscillator, the so-called squeeze-driven Kerr Hamiltonian, and discover a remarkable quasi-spin symmetry su(2) at integer values of the ratio

η
=
Δ

/

K

of the detuning parameter Δ to the Kerr coefficient K. We investigate the stability of this newly discovered symmetry to high-order perturbations arising from the static effective expansion of the driven Hamiltonian. Our finding may find applications in the generation and stabilization of states useful for quantum computing. Finally, we discuss other Hamiltonians with similar properties and within reach of current technologies.
On a diffusion which stochastically restarts from moving random spatial positions: a non-renewal framework
Authors: da Silva Telles Timóteo
Published: November 2023

We consider a diffusive particle that at random times, exponentially distributed with parameter β, stops its motion and restarts from a moving random position Y(t) in space. The position X(t) of the particle and the restarts do not affect the dynamics of Y(t), so our framework constitutes in a non-renewal one. We exhibit the feasibility to build a rigorous general theory in this setup from the analysis of sample paths. To prove the stochastic process X(t) has a non-equilibrium steady-state, assumptions related to the confinement of Y(t) have to be imposed. In addition we design a detailed example where the random restart positions are provided by the paradigmatic Evans and Majumdar’s diffusion with stochastic resettings (Evans M and Majumdar S 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett.
106 160601), with resetting rate β

Y
. We show the ergodic property for the main process and for the stochastic process of jumps performed by the particle. A striking feature emerges from the examination of the jumps, since their negative covariance can be minimized with respect to both rates β and β

Y
, independently. Moreover we discuss the theoretical consequences that this non-renewal model entails for the analytical study of the mean first-passage time (FPT) and mean cost up to FPT.
Electrical impedance tomography for pulmonary function monitoring without dorsal electrodes
Authors: Park Hyoungchul , Kwon Hyeuknam
Published: November 2023

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive technology that can visualize conductivity changes inside human body in real time using multiple surface electrodes. For convenience of wearing and application, if no electrodes are attached to the back, a commonly used image reconstruction approach produces poor images of dorsal region. In this study, we developed a special current injection and voltage measurement pattern to well reconstruct the conductivity distribution inside the body even in the absence of dorsal electrodes. The proposed method has proven through numerical and phantom experiments.
Liquid biofuel powering the sustainable transport with a low-carbon emission: a review
Authors: Tao Junyu , Chen Chao , Wang Jian , Li Jian , Zhou Shengquan , Chen Chen , Yan Beibei , Guo Wei , Cheng Zhanjun , Chen Guanyi
Published: November 2023

Energy consumption from transport has been increasing at a fast rate and become a major sector, which takes 29% of total global energy demand. Since transport energy consumption primarily relies on fossil fuels, it has resulted in serious carbon emissions and environmental degradation. Moreover, the volatility prices of fossil fuel and unstable international security have attracted keen interest for many developing and industrialized countries looking for sustainable and clean alternatives. Liquid biofuels, including but not limited to bioethanol, biodiesel, bio-jet fuel, are considered as the most promising alternative and more expansive role in powering sustainable transport, for its carbon neutral and low-emissions properties. Liquid biofuels contribute 4% of transport in 2020 and have been foreseen to continuously grow. Liquid biofuels can be produced by diverse technologies and commercialized in various ways, easy-adapt to technical and policy challenges. Major challenges include technical bottleneck, initial and operational cost, byproduct treatment, and associated environmental concern. This paper critically reviews: (1) Categories and production of different liquid biofuels; (2) Application scenarios of liquid biofuels; (3) Environmental impact assessment of liquid biofuels; (4) Opportunities and challenges of liquid biofuels; (5) Future perspectives. Each type of liquid biofuel requires specific production processes and has a strong correlation with biomass raw materials. Liquid biofuels find extensive applications in transportation, aviation, and other functional domains. In addition, the life cycle assessment of liquid biofuels is carried out from the numerous aspects of raw materials, pretreatment, production process, and application. Furthermore, this study analyzes the related policies, highlighting the challenges associated with the unstable supply of clean energy, raw materials, and quality control. Finally, the future perspectives of liquid biofuels were presented. This comprehensive review aims to provide a systematic understanding of liquid biofuels, covering their production and applications from multiple perspectives, while offering insights into future developments.
Structural, morphological, optical and biomedical applications of Berberis aristata mediated ZnO and Ag-ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Chauhan Ankush , Verma Ritesh , kumari Swati , Thakur Pankaj , Mahajan Ambrish K , Kumar Vinod , Sharma Mamta
Published: November 2023

Herein, we prepared the zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver doped zinc oxide (Ag-ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) using Berberis aristata plant extract as a reducing, capping and stabilizing agent. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the formation of pure hexagonal wurtzite structure for both the samples with P4mm space group. The crystallite size reduces from 21.313 nm to 18.179 nm with the Scherrer technique with doping of Ag ions on ZnO NPs, while the Williamson Hall (WH) approach likewise demonstrates a decrease in crystallite size from 26.602 nm to 21.522 nm. The lattice strain increases from 0.0031 to 0.0064, indicating the presence of Ag-ions in the crystal lattice of ZnO NPs. For both samples, the metal-oxygen bond formation is supported by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. For ZnO, the peak in the UV-visible spectrum is approximately around 365 nm, but for Ag-ZnO, two peaks are observed around 235 nm and 360 nm. With the Ag doping, the bandgap increases from 3.01 eV to 3.02 eV. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) micrographs show the formation of crystalline particles and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) pictures show the formation of aggregated NPs with a spherical shape. Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrate the chemical purity of both the samples. The antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs was highest against Staphylococcus aureus i.e., 15 ± 0.53 mm, whereas, for Ag-ZnO NPs the highest activity was against Salmonella typhi i.e., 19 ± 0.53 mm.
Next-generation phenotyping: introducing phecodeX for enhanced discovery research in medical phenomics
Authors: Shuey Megan M , Stead William W , Aka Ida , Barnado April L , Bastarache Julie A , Brokamp Elly , Campbell Meredith , Carroll Robert J , Goldstein Jeffrey A , Lewis Adam , Malow Beth A , Mosley Jonathan D , Osterman Travis , Padovani-Claudio Dolly A , Ramirez Andrea , Roden Dan M , Schuler Bryce A , Siew Edward , Sucre Jennifer , Thomsen Isaac , Tinker Rory J , Van Driest Sara , Walsh Colin , Warner Jeremy L , Wells Quinn S , Wheless Lee , Bastarache Lisa
Published: November 2023

Motivation

Phecodes are widely used and easily adapted phenotypes based on International Classification of Diseases codes. The current version of phecodes (v1.2) was designed primarily to study common/complex diseases diagnosed in adults; however, there are numerous limitations in the codes and their structure.

Results

Here, we present phecodeX, an expanded version of phecodes with a revised structure and 1,761 new codes. PhecodeX adds granularity to phenotypes in key disease domains that are under-represented in the current phecode structure—including infectious disease, pregnancy, congenital anomalies, and neonatology—and is a more robust representation of the medical phenome for global use in discovery research.

Availability and implementation

phecodeX is available at https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX.
ORI-Explorer: a unified cell-specific tool for origin of replication sites prediction by feature fusion
Authors: Abbas Zeeshan , Rehman Mobeen Ur , Tayara Hilal , Chong Kil To
Published: November 2023

Motivation

The origins of replication sites (ORIs) are precise regions inside the DNA sequence where the replication process begins. These locations are critical for preserving the genome’s integrity during cell division and guaranteeing the faithful transfer of genetic data from generation to generation. The advent of experimental techniques has aided in the discovery of ORIs in many species. Experimentation, on the other hand, is often more time-consuming and pricey than computational approaches, and it necessitates specific equipment and knowledge. Recently, ORI sites have been predicted using computational techniques like motif-based searches and artificial intelligence algorithms based on sequence characteristics and chromatin states.

Results

In this article, we developed ORI-Explorer, a unique artificial intelligence-based technique that combines multiple feature engineering techniques to train CatBoost Classifier for recognizing ORIs from four distinct eukaryotic species. ORI-Explorer was created by utilizing a unique combination of three traditional feature-encoding techniques and a feature set obtained from a deep-learning neural network model. The ORI-Explorer has significantly outperformed current predictors on the testing dataset. Furthermore, by employing the sophisticated SHapley Additive exPlanation method, we give crucial insights that aid in comprehending model success, highlighting the most relevant features vital for forecasting cell-specific ORIs. ORI-Explorer is also intended to aid community-wide attempts in discovering potential ORIs and developing innovative verifiable biological hypotheses.

Availability and implementation

The used datasets along with the source code are made available through https://github.com/Z-Abbas/ORI-Explorer and https://zenodo.org/record/8358679.
Open MoA: revealing the mechanism of action (MoA) based on network topology and hierarchy
Authors: Liao Xinmeng , Ozcan Mehmet , Shi Mengnan , Kim Woonghee , Jin Han , Li Xiangyu , Turkez Hasan , Achour Adnane , Uhlén Mathias , Mardinoglu Adil , Zhang Cheng
Published: November 2023

Motivation

Many approaches in systems biology have been applied in drug repositioning due to the increased availability of the omics data and computational biology tools. Using a multi-omics integrated network, which contains information of various biological interactions, could offer a more comprehensive inspective and interpretation for the drug mechanism of action (MoA).

Results

We developed a computational pipeline for dissecting the hidden MoAs of drugs (Open MoA). Our pipeline computes confidence scores to edges that represent connections between genes/proteins in the integrated network. The interactions showing the highest confidence score could indicate potential drug targets and infer the underlying molecular MoAs. Open MoA was also validated by testing some well-established targets. Additionally, we applied Open MoA to reveal the MoA of a repositioned drug (JNK-IN-5A) that modulates the PKLR expression in HepG2 cells and found STAT1 is the key transcription factor. Overall, Open MoA represents a first-generation tool that could be utilized for predicting the potential MoA of repurposed drugs and dissecting de novo targets for developing effective treatments.

Availability and implementation

Source code is available at https://github.com/XinmengLiao/Open_MoA.
An integrative pipeline for circular RNA quantitative trait locus discovery with application in human T cells
Authors: Nguyen Dat Thanh
Published: November 2023

Motivation

Molecular quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping has proven to be a powerful approach for prioritizing genetic regulatory variants and causal genes identified by genome-wide association studies. Recently, this success has been extended to circular RNA (circRNA), a potential group of RNAs that can serve as markers for the diagnosis, prognosis, or therapeutic targets of various human diseases. However, a well-developed computational pipeline for circRNA QTL (circQTL) discovery is still lacking.

Results

We introduce an integrative method for circQTL mapping and implement it as an automated pipeline based on Nextflow, named cscQTL. The proposed method has two main advantages. Firstly, cscQTL improves the specificity by systematically combining outputs of multiple circRNA calling algorithms to obtain highly confident circRNA annotations. Secondly, cscQTL improves the sensitivity by accurately quantifying circRNA expression with the help of pseudo references. Compared to the single method approach, cscQTL effectively identifies circQTLs with an increase of 20%–100% circQTLs detected and recovered all circQTLs that are highly supported by the single method approach. We apply cscQTL to a dataset of human T cells and discover genetic variants that control the expression of 55 circRNAs. By colocalization tests, we further identify circBACH2 and circYY1AP1 as potential candidates for immune disease regulation.

Availability and implementation

cscQTL is freely available at: https://github.com/datngu/cscQTL and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7851982.