bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiences and perceptions of acute myocardial infarction patients with a prolonged decision‐making phase of treatment seeking: A meta‐synthesis
Authors: Su Jin , Xiong Jia‐ming , Ke Qi‐qi , Yu Hong‐yu , Zhao Zhuo‐rui , Yang Qiao‐hong
Published: June 2023

Aims

To describe the experiences and perceptions of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with a prolonged decision‐making phase of treatment‐seeking.

Background

Previous attempts to reduce the treatment‐seeking time of AMI have been less than optimal. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the situation of prehospital delay is possibly worse. Decisions to seek treatment are influenced by multiple factors and need individualised interventions. Understanding patients' external and internal experiences and psychological perceptions is essential.

Design

Meta‐synthesis.

Data sources

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and four Chinese databases from inception to April 2022.

Methods

We screened the retrieved articles with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reviewed articles using Thomas and Harden's (BMC Medical Research Methodology, 2008 8, 45) qualitative thematic synthesis approach. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for qualitative research was used to assess the quality of studies.

Results

Twenty‐one studies were included, identifying four themes and nine sub‐themes. The four primary themes were difficulty recognising and attributing symptoms, attempt to act, unwillingness to change and self‐sacrifice.

Conclusion

Deciding to seek treatment is a complex social and psychological process, which needs comprehensive interventions considering personal and sociocultural factors and factors related to the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

Details of interventions for decisions to seek treatment in AMI patients need to be further designed and evaluated.

Impact

Results would help healthcare professionals to implement individualised management of decision‐making of treatment‐seeking among AMI patients, and improve medical records of patients' prehospital experiences.

Reporting Method

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews 2020 checklist was used to report the findings.

Patient or Public Contribution

Two AMI patients contributed to the data synthesis by giving simple feedback about the final themes.
Unmet supportive care needs of families of children with chronic illness: A systematic review
Authors: Thomas Sangeetha , Ryan Nicholas P. , Byrne Linda K. , Hendrieckx Christel , White Victoria
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims

Unmet supportive care needs (SCN) refer to perceived gaps in the support parents want to manage caregiving activities for children with chronic health conditions (CHC) and the support received. This review aims to systematically identify the unmet SCN of families with children living with five common paediatric CHC and characterise the assessment tools used to measure SCN.

Design

Systematic review methodology with narrative synthesis of data. Reporting followed the PRISMA statement guidelines.

Method

Literature searches were conducted in electronic databases Medline complete, PsycINFO, CINHAL and EMBASE to retrieve relevant articles published between 1990 and July 2022. Eligible studies involved (i) children aged 0–18 years diagnosed with either of cancer, congenital heart disease (CHD), diabetes, asthma, renal disease and (ii) assessment of unmet SCN. Studies involving children with genetic or developmental conditions were excluded. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using JBI assessment tool.

Results

Of 6223 articles screened, 34 papers were included (25 quantitative, 5 qualitative and 4 mixed design). Most papers explored unmet needs of families with cancer (n = 26). The remaining articles concerned CHD (n = 5), asthma (n = 2) and mixed CHC (n = 1, renal failure, and diabetes). Information (e.g. treatment, lifestyle, etc.) and health care (e.g. emotional support, practical services, etc.) were the most common unmet need domains across health conditions. A variety of methods and need assessments hampered comparisons between studies both across and within CHC.

Conclusion

Irrespective of illness, addressing unmet informational or health care needs may help to optimise outcomes and care for children and families living with common CHC. There was considerable variation in reporting styles, study design and need assessments both within and across conditions.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Health care professionals must routinely evaluate the type, quality and quantity of psychoeducation and support that families of children with CHC want and receive. Providing nurses with more effective strategies to assess child and family needs across a broad range of domains may help to increase understanding of where further support for families is required.

Patient or Public Contribution

There was no patient or public contribution to this study as it involved a systematic review of existing literature.
Double inversion recovery MRI of subcortical band heterotopia and its variations
Authors: Chiba Emiko , Sato Noriko , Kimura Yukio , Shigemoto Yoko , Maki Hiroyuki , Arizono Elly , Hamamoto Kohei , Taniguchi Go , Iwasaki Masaki , Ota Miho , Matsuda Hiroshi , Nakagawa Eiji
Published: June 2023

Background and Purpose

Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) is a malformation of cortical development diagnosed via MRI. Currently, patients with SBH are classified according to Di Donato's classification. We aimed to show a variation of SBH and the usefulness of double inversion recovery (DIR) images.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the MRI findings of 28 patients with SBH. The patients were classified according to Donato's classification by using conventional MR images, and their DIR findings were reviewed.

Results

Of 28 patients, 20 were grade 1 and 8 were grade 2 according to Di Donato's classification. In 15 of 28 patients, the following four types of atypical MRI findings were detected: asymmetry distribution (four cases), coexistence of thin and thick SBH (five cases), and DIR faint abnormal signal intensity in subcortical white matter (five cases) and in deep white matter (five cases). The latter two types were detected on DIR alone and have not been reported. Additionally, these were identified only in the mild group (Di Donato's classification 1‐1 or 1‐2).

Conclusion

DIR is a useful MRI sequence for detecting faint white matter signal abnormalities, and it can aid in the accurate classification of SBH and identification of its variations, which may reflect the pathology of SBH.
Does job crafting affect employee outcomes via job characteristics? A meta‐analytic test of a key job crafting mechanism
Authors: Holman David , Escaffi‐Schwarz Maximiliano , Vasquez Cristian A. , Irmer Julien P. , Zapf Dieter
Published: June 2023

Job crafting refers to the self‐initiated work behaviours employees use to change their job characteristics. According to job design theory, these crafting‐induced changes in job characteristics should impact employee outcomes. Job characteristics can therefore be proposed as a key mechanism through which job crafting affects employee outcomes and we present cross‐sectional meta‐analytic structural equation modelling of this key mechanism (K = 58 independent samples, N = 20,347 employees). Results show significant indirect effects between task resource crafting and employee outcomes (well‐being and positive job attitudes) via task resources, and significant indirect effects between social job crafting and employee outcomes (well‐being and positive job attitudes) via social resources. Results also indicated that challenge and hindrance demand crafting increase job strain via increases in job demand. Overall, our findings indicate that job characteristics are an important job crafting mechanism, that employees may have difficulty in crafting job demands in ways that produce beneficial outcomes, and that future research needs to consider simultaneously the range of mechanisms through which job crafting affects outcomes.
An Imperfect Space: Logistical Considerations in School‐Based Health Centers
Authors: Palme' Hannah , Skinner Daniel , Bode Sara , Irwin Mary Kay
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

From a range of perspectives, scholars have demonstrated the value of school‐based health centers (SBHCs) in recent decades, but few studies have examined the logistics of establishing SBHCs.

METHODS

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 9 hospital and 6 school employees involved in a network of SBHCs. After common themes were identified, cluster analysis was performed. Finally, quotes were identified within each thematic cluster for further qualitative analysis.

RESULTS

The most prominent themes were (1) differences in physical space (between schools and clinical settings), (2) collaboration and communication, and (3) privacy and compliance.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY

This study points to several high yield considerations for the practice of SBHCs. First, we identified three distinct needs: (1) clear funding streams for construction costs for health services on school grounds, (2) improved understanding of SBHC space needs, and (3) blueprints for collaborating within SBHCs. Second, this study points to a future in which new‐build and renovated schools should include space for SBHCs.

CONCLUSIONS

This qualitative thematic analysis provides a picture of health and educational professionals engaged in creative, collaborative, and adaptive work to meet children's health care needs within SBHCs, but also highlights the challenges of navigating physical space, compliance, and collaboration within SBHCs.
Biochemical response of resistant and susceptible Capsicum spp. to Meloidogyne enterolobii
Authors: Marques Mônica Lau da Silva , de Jesus Jéssica Maria Israel , Oliveira Maythsulene Inácio de Sousa , Côrtes Marcio Vinicius de Carvalho Barros , de Filippi Marta Cristina Corsi , da Rocha Mara Rúbia
Published: June 2023

One of the most important events for the success of parasitism is the nematode recognition of chemical signals exuded by the host plant. In response to the establishment of interactions, plants have evolved improved defence mechanisms. The present study aimed to identify resistance mechanisms by comparing the biochemical defence response of two chilli pepper (Capsicum spp.) genotypes (Bode roxa A‐resistant and Cambuci‐susceptible) to Meloidogyne enterolobii. The activity of β‐1,3‐glucanase (GLU), peroxidase, chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and lipoxygenase (LOX) was evaluated in the leaves and the roots at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after inoculation. There was an increase of GLU and CHI in leaves, and LOX in leaves and roots activities, of the resistant genotype (Bode roxa A). These results allow a better understanding of the defence mechanisms involved in the resistance of Capsicum spp. to M. enterolobii, which is an important step in developing management strategies for this pathosystem.
Rural‐urban differences in distress, quality of life, and social support among Canadian young adult cancer survivors: A Young Adults with Cancer in Their Prime (YACPRIME) study
Authors: Tulk Joshua , Wurz Amanda , Hou Sharon H. J. , Bender Jacqueline , Schulte Fiona S. M. , Eaton Geoff , Chalifour Karine , Garland Sheila N.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Geographic location plays a significant role in the health and wellbeing of those with cancer. This project explored the impact of rurality and social support on distress and quality of life in young adults (YAs) with cancer in Canada.

Methods

The current research analyzed data from the Young Adults with Cancer in Their Prime (YACPRIME) study. Participants completed measures of emotional distress (10‐item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale), quality of life (12‐item Short‐form Health Survey), and social support (Medical Outcomes Study—Social Support Survey). Rural and urban‐dwelling survivors were compared using MANOVAs. Bivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between distress and social support.

Findings

Of the sample (N = 379), 26% identified their location as rural. Rural YA cancer survivors reported higher distress and worse physical health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) than survivors from urban areas but similar levels of mental‐health‐related quality of life. Social support appeared to have a marginally greater effect on psychosocial outcomes for urban participants. All types of social support were associated with lower levels of distress. However, different types of social support were associated more strongly with distress depending on a participant's geography.

Conclusions

Rural‐dwelling YA cancer survivors experience significantly more distress and poorer physical HRQOL than urban‐dwelling survivors. Different needs and preferences for social support may influence the psychological health of rural cancer survivors. Additional research is needed to determine how best to understand and address distress in rural YAs with cancer.
Incidence and factors associated with delirium in critically ill patients under 5 years old
Authors: Henao‐Castaño Ángela M. , Motta‐Robayo Claudia Lorena , Rojas‐Ruiz Ingrid Tatiana
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To determine the incidence and factors related to the presence of Delirium in children under 5 years of age hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Design and Methods

Prospective observational study, through a convenience sampling. Fifty‐two patients hospitalized in the PICU between 6 months and 5 years of age were included. The Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care units (PSCAM‐ICU) instrument was applied in its Spanish version. A bivariate analysis was performed to identify possible related factors.

Results

The incidence of delirium in the pediatric population under 5 years of age was 71.1%, with mainly hypoactive typology. Those who presented the event were characterized because they were mainly female, with an average age of 31 months, with lower weight compared with those who did not have delirium. Possible risk factors for delirium were found to be longer stays in the PICU and mechanical ventilation, higher levels of carbon dioxide pressure, lower levels of oxygen pressure, having orotracheal intubation, and medication with sedatives and analgesics.

Practice Implications

The high incidence of delirium in the pediatric population is notorious, mainly for younger girls and lower‐weight children. The factors that showed to be potential risk factors were like those found in the literature. These factors can be incorporated by the care staff in PICUs, to prevent or identify delirium promptly and thus mitigate its impact.
Perceptions of exercise and restless legs syndrome: Results from a nationwide survey
Authors: Cederberg Katie L. J. , Sikes E. Morghen , Mignot Emmanuel
Published: June 2023

Restless legs syndrome is a prevalent, sensorimotor sleep disorder temporarily relieved by movement, with evidence of symptomatic improvement with regular exercise. The present study describes perceptions of the effects of exercise on symptoms of restless legs syndrome. Participants (N = 528) completed a mixed‐methods (i.e. numerical and narrative), nationwide survey including items assessing personal experiences with exercise and restless legs syndrome (both positive and negative), as well as restless legs syndrome diagnosis, restless legs syndrome severity, and demographic and clinical characteristics. Responses varied widely on specific experiences with exercise, but a higher percentage of participants indicated positive experiences with exercise than those who reported negative experiences (72%–40%, respectively) with exercise. Further, 54% of respondents reported that exercise only improves restless legs syndrome, while 24% reported exercise only worsens symptoms. Participants described that any abrupt change in exercise routine would almost always elicit restless legs syndrome symptoms (e.g. hiking for a long time, stopping an exercise routine), and that a consistent pattern of exercise improved restless legs syndrome symptoms with an overall beneficial effect on the frequency of symptomatic bouts. Participants further described time of day as impactful for their exercise experience, with > 50% indicating morning exercise improves symptoms and evening exercise worsens symptoms. Participants described several questions that they wanted answered regarding the evidence for exercise in restless legs syndrome and specific exercise prescription recommendations. The present study describes information crucial to the creation of stakeholder‐informed health promotion programs for individuals with restless legs syndrome to optimize personalized treatment plans that could prevent and manage symptoms.
Pharmacokinetics of oral tapentadol in cats
Authors: Lakritz J. , Aarnes T. K. , Alva B. , Howard J. , Magnin G. , Lerche P. , Kukanich B.
Published: June 2023

To evaluate pharmacokinetics of one dose of tapentadol hydrochloride orally administered to cats. Prospective experimental study. Five healthy adult mixed‐breed cats. Each cat received 18.8 ± 1.0 mg/kg tapentadol orally. Venous blood samples were collected at time 0 (immediately prior to administration of tapentadol) 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 min, and 2, 4, 8, 12 to 24 h after drug administration. Plasma tapentadol concentrations and its metabolites were determined using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Geometric mean Tmax of tapentadol, desmethyltapentadol, tapentadol‐O‐glucuronide, and tapentadol‐O‐sulfate was 2.3, 7.0, 6.0, and 4.6 h, respectively. Mean Cmax of tapentadol, desmethyltapentadol, tapentadol‐O‐glucuronide, and tapentadol‐O‐sulfate was 637, 66, 1134, and 15,757 ng/mL, respectively, after administration. Mean half‐life of tapentadol, desmethyltapentadol, tapentadol‐O‐glucuronide, and tapentadol‐O‐sulfate was 2.4, 4.7, 2.9, and 10.8 h. The relative exposure of tapentadol and its metabolites were tapentadol 2.65%, desmethyltapentadol 0.54%, tapentadol‐O‐glucuronide 6.22%, and tapentadol‐O‐sulfate 90.6%. Tapentadol‐O‐sulfate was the predominant metabolite following the administration of oral tapentadol in cats. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the association of analgesia with plasma concentrations of tapentadol.
The exchange theory of web3 governance
Authors: Allen Darcy W. E. , Berg Chris , Lane Aaron M. , MacDonald Trent , Potts Jason
Published: June 2023

Blockchains have enabled innovation in distributed economic institutions, such as money (e.g., cryptocurrencies) and markets (e.g., decentralised exchanges), but also innovations in distributed governance, such as decentralised autonomous organisations. These innovations have generated academic interest in studying web3 governance, but as yet there is no general theory of web3 governance. In this paper, we draw on the contrast between a ‘romantic view’ of governance (characterised by consensus through community voting) and the ‘exchange view’ of governance from public choice theory (characterised by an entrepreneurial process of bargaining and exchange of voters under uncertainty). Our analysis is the first to argue that the latter ‘exchange view’ of governance is best to understand the dynamics of governance innovation in web3, providing the foundations for a new general theory of governance in this frontier field. We apply the ‘exchange view’ of governance to three case studies (Curve, Lido and Metagov), exploring how these projects enable pseudonymous, composable and permissionless governance processes to reveal value. Our approach helps illuminate how this emergent polycentric governance process can generate robustness in decentralised systems.
Investigating the crystallization history of Apollo 15 mare basalts using quantitative textural analysis
Authors: Bell S. K. , Joy K. H. , Pernet‐Fisher J. F. , Hartley M. E.
Published: June 2023

Mare basalts collected at the Apollo 15 landing site are classified as belonging to either the quartz‐normative suite or the olivine‐normative suite, based on differences in whole‐rock major element chemistry. A wide range of textures are displayed within samples from both suites, which provide insight into eruption processes on the Moon. Here we use crystal size distribution (CSD) analysis and spatial distribution pattern (SDP) analysis of pyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase crystals in eight Apollo 15 mare basalt samples to investigate the crystallization and emplacement of the quartz‐normative and olivine‐normative suites. In general, our results show similarities between the CSDs and SDPs for both mare basalt suites. However, we also report two distinct groups of pyroxene CSD trends that likely represent samples with common cooling histories, originating from comparable depths within respective olivine‐normative and quartz‐normative lava flows. We use our results to determine the relative depths of samples within the lava flows at the Apollo 15 landing site.
The prenatal care color line and Latina migrant motherhood
Authors: Cerdeña Jessica P.
Published: June 2023

Drawing from ethnographic research with Latin American migrant mothers seeking prenatal care at a safety net clinic in southern Connecticut, I describe the racial dynamics of a medical hierarchy that situates White providers and nurses above Black and Brown medical assistants and patients, terming this the prenatal care color line. I characterize three segments of the prenatal care color line: through (1) onerous enrollment in prenatal care support that strips rights from migrant mothers; (2) differences in racialized embodiment that harden essentialist and stereotyped notions surrounding Latinx reproduction, making the experience of pregnancy and birth a process of race‐making; and (3) obstetric racism manifest through both denying or delaying critical medical care to Latinx pregnant patients while also overmedicalizing their uncomplicated births. I argue that the presence of the prenatal care color line—in my study clinic as in other safety net clinics—permits the harsher racialization of Latinx birthers.
Sex differences in deleterious genetic variants in a haplodiploid social insect
Authors: Miller Sara E. , Sheehan Michael J.
Published: June 2023

Deleterious variants are selected against but can linger in populations at low frequencies for long periods of time, decreasing fitness and contributing to disease burden in humans and other species. Deleterious variants occur at low frequency but distinguishing deleterious variants from low‐frequency neutral variation is challenging based on population genomics data alone. As a result, we have little sense of the number and identity of deleterious variants in wild populations. For haplodiploid species, it has been hypothesised that deleterious alleles will be directly exposed to selection in haploid males, but selection can be masked in diploid females when deleterious variants are recessive, resulting in more efficient purging of deleterious mutations in males. Therefore, comparisons of the differences between haploid and diploid genomes from the same population may be a useful method for inferring rare deleterious variants. This study provides the first formal test of this hypothesis. Using wild populations of Northern paper wasps (Polistes fuscatus), we find that males have fewer missense and nonsense variants per generation than females from the same population. Allele frequency differences are especially pronounced for rare missense and nonsense variants and these differences lead to a lower mutational load in males than females. Based on these data we infer that many highly deleterious mutations are segregating in the paper wasp population. Stronger selection against deleterious alleles in haploid males may have implications for adaptation in other haplodiploid insects and provides evidence that wild populations harbour abundant deleterious variants.
The relevance of Thirlwall’s growth law in the Zambian economy
Authors: Chimfwembe Lewis , Nell Kevin S.
Published: June 2023

This paper uses a blended methodology—conventional tests of ‘Thirlwall's law’ combined with an in‐depth growth narrative approach and unit root tests—to identify the dominant balance‐of‐payments adjustment mechanism in the Zambian economy over the period 1956–2017. Consistent with Thirlwall's growth law, the main results identify income changes as the dominant balance‐of‐payments adjustment mechanism, rather than relative price changes. The three‐regime export demand function further reflects the vulnerability of the Zambian economy to unexpected busts in the world copper market, and highlights the need for effective industrial policies to create a more diversified economy into higher value‐added manufactures. The analysis also demonstrates that the results are robust to some of the main criticisms that have been levelled against Thirlwall's original growth law.
Effect of low‐dose atropine (0.01%) on crystalline lens power among school‐aged children with progressive myopia
Authors: Saxena Rohit , Gupta Vinay , Dhiman Rebika , Phuljhele Swati , Kumar Pawan , Sharma Namrata , Iribarren Rafael , Rozema Jos
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the change in crystalline lens power (LP) in a cohort of Indian children with progressive myopia receiving atropine (0.01%) compared with an untreated control group.

Design

Nonrandomised clinical trial.

Methods

The study included 120 children (70 in the atropine group; 50 in the control group) with progressive myopia (≥0.5 D/year) with a 1‐year follow‐up. The atropine group received 0.01% atropine eye drops once daily in both eyes, whereas the control group received no treatment. Changes in cycloplegic spherical equivalent, axial length (AL), keratometry (KER), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT) were recorded. LP was calculated using the formula proposed by Bennett.

Results

Mean myopia progression at year 1 was significantly less in the atropine group (−0.18 D [0.2]) than in the control group (−0.59 [0.21]; p < 0.001). The increase in AL was significantly different between the two groups (atropine: 0.21 mm [0.12]; control: 0.29 mm [0.11], p < 0.001). A significantly greater loss of LP was noted in the atropine group (−0.67 D [0.34]) than in the placebo group (−0.28 D [0.42]; p < 0.001). The change in LT was significantly different between the atropine and control groups (p = 0.02), whereas the change in ACD and KER was similar in the two groups.

Conclusion

The greater loss of LP could contribute to the anti‐myopia effect of atropine and should therefore be evaluated in studies reporting the efficacy of atropine on myopia to assess its actual effect on myopic progression.
Local Food Price Volatility and School Dropout in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Brown Kathleen J. , Haer Roos , Østby Gudrun
Published: June 2023

Worldwide, children are enrolled in primary school in greater numbers than ever before. Nonetheless, school dropout rates are significant in many countries. A crucial factor in a child's education and potential for leaving school is their family's economic insecurity. Low‐income households, in particular, are highly sensitive to food prices, and increases in the cost of food staples can force families to sacrifice education to smooth food consumption. While earlier studies have relied on aggregate measures of economic conditions or are restricted to single countries and limited time periods, we take an individual approach and examine how education is affected by local food price volatility. Empirically, we combine individual‐level data on school dropout from 40 Demographic and Health Surveys in 14 sub‐Saharan African countries between 1992 and 2020 with geo‐referenced data on consumer food prices at local markets from the World Food Programme. Our results show that children are up to 8 percent more likely to drop out when local food prices sharply increase. Notably, this effect is strongest for older children, especially for boys. This demonstrates that economic instability during childhood can have long‐run adverse effects on individuals and has important implications for understanding the human capital costs of income crises.
The microRNA‐7322‐5p/p38/Hsp19 axis modulates Chilo suppressalis cell‐defences against Cry1Ca: an effective target for a stacked transgenic rice approach
Authors: Wu Yan , Weng Zijin , Yan Haixia , Yao Zhuotian , Li Zhenzhen , Sun Yajie , Ma Kangsheng , Hull J. Joe , Zhang Delin , Ma Weihua , Hua Hongxia , Lin Yongjun
Published: June 2023

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)‐secreted crystal (Cry) toxins form oligomeric pores in host cell membranes and are a common element in generating insect‐resistant transgenic crops. Although Cry toxin function has been well documented, cellular defences against pore‐formation have not been as well developed. Elucidation of the processes underlying this defence, however, could contribute to the development of enhanced Bt crops. Here, we demonstrate that Cry1Ca‐mediated downregulation of microRNA‐7322‐5p (miR‐7322‐5p), which binds to the 3′ untranslated region of p38, negatively regulates the susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis to Cry1Ca. Moreover, Cry1Ca exposure enhanced phosphorylation of Hsp19, and hsp19 downregulation increased susceptibility to Cry1Ca. Further, Hsp19 phosphorylation occurs downstream of p38, and pull‐down assays confirmed the interactions between Hsp19 and Cry1Ca, suggesting that activation of Hsp19 by the miR‐7322‐5p/p38/Hsp19 pathway promotes Cry1Ca sequestration. To assess the efficacy of targeting this pathway in planta, double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting C. suppressalis p38 (dsp38) was introduced into a previously generated cry1Ca‐expressing rice line (1CH1‐2) to yield a single‐copy cry1Ca/dsp38 rice line (p38‐rice). Feeding on this rice line triggered a significant reduction in C. suppressalis p38 expression and the line was more resistant to C. suppressalis than 1CH1‐2 in both short term (7‐day) and continuous feeding bioassays as well as field trials. These findings provide new insights into invertebrate epithelium cellular defences and demonstrate a potential new pyramiding strategy for Bt crops.
A comparison of chlorhexidine and povidone‐iodine solutions in neonatal intensive care units
Authors: Kucuker Hakan , Cakir Salih Cagri , Koksal Nilgun , Ozkan Hilal , Kocael Fatma , Dorum Bayram Ali , Sivrikaya Yildirim Cansu , Celebi Solmaz , Hacimustafaoglu Mustafa
Published: June 2023

Background

Povidone‐iodine (10%; PI) and 2% chlorhexidine in 70% isopropyl alcohol (CHG‐IA) solutions are among the most widely used disinfectants in the neonatal intensive care units. This study compares the use of these disinfectants and helps decide which is superior to the other for neonatal use.

Methods

All term and preterm infants born and hospitalized in Bursa Uludag University Hospital between July 2018–March 2020 were included. The infants were randomized into two disinfectant groups before birth. The application site was cleaned with the assigned disinfectant before intervention. The infants were screened for rates of neonatal sepsis, thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, free thyroxine (fT4) levels, skin reactions to the assigned solution, and acute neurological side effects.

Results

We enrolled 208 term and preterm infants (PI:104 vs. CHG‐IA: 104) in the study. The prematurity rates were identical (PI: 74.0%; CHG‐IA: 72.1%; p = 0.755). Neonatal sepsis rates among these groups were not statistically different (PI: 8.7%; CHG‐IA: 4.8%; p = 0.406). The median TSH value of the PI group was high (4.05 mIU/L) in comparison with that of the CHG‐IA group (3.09 mIU/L; p = 0.016). No cutaneous or neurological side effects were recorded in patients treated with CHG‐IA solution.

Conclusions

Although these two solutions were equally protective against infections, the CHG‐IA solution was a better alternative to PI for neonatal use. Considering that the PI solution may be responsible for impaired thyroid function, the CHG‐IA solution is a good alternative because it provides sufficient protection with a safer adverse effect profile.
A flexible approach to modelling stillbirths using the foetuses at risk approach
Authors: Bone Jeffrey N. , Joseph K. S. , John Sid , Lisonkova Sarka
Published: June 2023

Background

Survival analysis methods are increasingly used to model the gestational age‐specific risk of perinatal phenomena such as stillbirth.

Objectives

To compare two types of survival analysis models, and highlight differences by estimating the relationships between pre‐pregnancy BMI and gestational age‐specific rates of stillbirth.

Methods

The study was based on singleton live births and stillbirths in the United States in 2016–2017, with data obtained from the natality and fetal death files of the National Center for Health Statistics. We compared Cox regression versus piecewise exponential additive mixed models (PAMMs) for modelling the relationship between BMI and stillbirth across gestational age. In a second analysis, we illustrated the performance of both models for assessing the relationship between the trimester‐specific number of cigarettes smoked, a time‐dependent covariate, and stillbirth.

Results

The study population included 7,567,316 births, of which 42,739 were stillbirths (5.6 per 1000 total births). Stillbirth rates increased with increasing pre‐pregnancy BMI and increasing gestational age. In analyses with BMI as a categorical variable, the Cox model and PAMM models yielded similar results. Analyses of BMI as a continuous variable also showed similar results when BMI associations were assumed to be linear, and the changes in gestational age‐specific rates were modelled parametrically. However, results differed slightly when PAMMs, modelled with data‐driven approaches, were used to estimate changes in BMI effects across gestational age; PAMMs provided a more nuanced modelling of time‐varying effects. PAMM models showed an approximately linear increase in the effect of smoking on stillbirth with increasing gestational age.

Conclusions

For survival analyses using the foetuses‐at‐risk approach, PAMMs provide a valuable alternative to the traditional Cox model, with increased modelling flexibility when proportional hazards assumptions are violated.
Avoiding implant‐related complications in medically compromised patients with or without unhealthy lifestyle/Elevated oxidative stress
Authors: Guabello Gregorio , Zuffetti Francesco , Ravidà Andrea , Deflorian Matteo , Carta Giorgio , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Serroni Matteo , Pommer Bernhard , Watzek Georg , Francetti Luca , Testori Tiziano
Published: June 2023

Increased human life expectancy broadens the alternatives for missing teeth and played a role in the widespread use of dental implants and related augmentation procedures for the aging population. Though, many of these patients may have one or more diseases. These systemic conditions may directly lead to surgical complications, compromise implant/bone healing, or influence long‐term peri‐implant health and its response to biologic nuisances. Offering patients credible expectations regarding intra‐ and postoperative complications and therapeutic prognosis is an ethical and legal obligation. Clear identification of potential types of adverse effects, complications, or errors is important for decision‐making processes as they may be related to different local, systemic, and technical aspects. Therefore, the present review structures the underlying biological mechanisms, clinical evidence, and clinical recommendations for the most common systemic risk factors for implant‐related complications.
Contact and control: Engagement and influence among women of color state agency heads
Authors: Uttermark Matthew J. , Dula Lauren A. , Bové Francesca , Scott Kamryn
Published: June 2023

While scholarship is delving into the representation of women and people of color within the U.S. bureaucracy, less is known about these individuals' discretion within their roles. Using an intersectionality framework, this article explores the experiences of women of color in leadership roles within state government agencies, their communication with elected superiors, and perceptions of their own policy discretion and communication compared with White men and women, and men of color. Leveraging the American State Administrators Project, we find that women of color have less communication with elected officials and their staff but also perceive that they have less discretionary control over their departments. This article highlights that while women of color are increasing in leadership roles within state bureaucracies, disparities exist between women of color and their colleagues. We call attention to the disproportionate levels of oversight and discretion perceived by women of color.
To profile or not?
Authors: Deutsch Yael , Gavious Arieh
Published: June 2023

Developing effective inspection processes at border crossings in order to identify violators within large groups of mostly innocent people is an important and difficult task. Passenger profiling is a tool used to deal with this task, but it raises many public concerns and ongoing debates about its usefulness. In this article, we study whether profiling is helpful, how it should be used to maximize its effectiveness, and how social utility is affected by its use. We consider two game models that take place at a crowded border crossing, where passengers are divided into different groups based on their risk profile. The models involve three players: the defender, the attacker, and the passenger recruited to engage in a violation. The defender decides on an inspection policy for every group of passengers. The attacker decides from which group to recruit a single passenger as a violator. The recruited passenger has private knowledge about the likelihood that she/he will engage in the violation or not. We solve the game models and compare their solutions with those of a no‐profiling inspection policy. We then study a model with four players, including a social planner who is concerned about social utility, and chooses the defender's inspection resources and policy. We show that the announced profiling policy provides the highest payoffs to the defender. Regarding social utility, profiling is always better than no profiling. However, there are cases where the unannounced profiling policy provides the most social utility.
Introduction: Power in Pelevin1
Authors: Filimonova Tatiana , Khagi Sofya , Vinokour Maya
Published: June 2023

This cluster of articles by Sofya Khagi, Tatiana Filimonova, Daniel Taehun Lee, and Maya Vinokour examines the oeuvre of Victor Pelevin over the last three decades, interrogating his relationship with various forms of power. In the introduction, the authors survey recent scholarship on power in Pelevin’s work, positing the primacy of power in his literary project at various points in his writing career. The articles examine Pelevin’s vision of political, personal, social, economic, and spiritual power as expressed through the philosophical‐aesthetic mode of the sublime, Buddhist spirituality, as well as in the contexts of geopolitics, Russian civilizationism, and Anglo‐American Neo‐Reactionary thought. A resonant voice in contemporary Russian prose, Pelevin engages with influential philosophical, political, and aesthetic discourses inside and outside post‐Soviet space—if not deconstructing their power, then at least planting seeds of doubt in his readers’ minds.
Power and the Aerial Sublime in Victor Pelevin
Authors: Khagi Sofya
Published: June 2023

This essay distinguishes flight as a salient trope throughout multiple Pelevin texts: Omon Ra (1992), Chapaev and the Void (1996), Generation P (1999), Empire V (2006), and Love for Three Zuckerbrins (2014). It examines flight through the aesthetics of the sublime—classical, (post)‐Soviet, and postmodern. The “aerial sublime” focuses on the motifs of flight, elevation, and their reversal such as descent and going underground. Through this analysis, the essay offers an entry point to the question of Pelevin’s preoccupation with the subject’s relation to power—political, military, and capital‐, media‐, or technology‐driven. The airborne protagonist is positioned in spatial counterpoint to tyrannical social and cosmic forces. One may remain in their clutches or escape, withdraw, comically yield, or pragmatically acquiesce. Pelevin’s aerial sublime grows increasingly bleak: from an internalized ethical experience to active thought work without resolution, touching the noumenal, or ethical to the apotheosis of the non‐reasoning, non‐ethical, and inhuman. That is, his later works envision the sublime transformed into an anti‐sublime through power annihilating the human as a sentient and ethical agent. Pelevin’s aerial sublime thereby conveys lessons about ironclad social and cosmic mechanics and the subject that is constituted, coerced, and occasionally resistant to it.
Multiple orthogonal polynomials associated with the exponential integral
Authors: Van Assche Walter , Wolfs Thomas
Published: June 2023

We introduce a new family of multiple orthogonal polynomials satisfying orthogonality conditions with respect to two weights on the positive real line, with the gamma density and a density related to the exponential integral . We give explicit formulas for the type I functions and type II polynomials, their Mellin transform, Rodrigues formulas, hypergeometric series, and recurrence relations. We determine the asymptotic distribution of the (scaled) zeros of the type II multiple orthogonal polynomials and make a connection to random matrix theory. Finally, we also consider two related families of mixed‐type multiple orthogonal polynomials.
Development of caring behaviour in undergraduate nursing students participating in a caring behaviour course
Authors: Mårtensson Sophie , Knutsson Susanne , Hodges Eric A. , Sherwood Gwen , Broström Anders , Björk Maria
Published: June 2023

Background

In today's complex healthcare organisations there is an increasing recognition of the need to enhance care quality and patient safety. Nurses' competence in demonstrating caring behaviour during patient encounters affects how patients experience and participate in their care. Nurse educators are faced with the challenge of balancing the demand for increasingly complex knowledge and skills with facilitating students' abilities essential to becoming compassionate and caring nurses.

Aim

The aim was to describe undergraduate nursing students' development of caring behaviour while participating in a caring behaviour course.

Method

This pilot study used a quantitative observational design. At a university in Sweden, video‐recorded observational data from twenty‐five students were collected in the first and last weeks of a full‐time five‐week Caring Behaviour Course (the CBC). In total, 56‐min video‐recorded simulation interactions between a student and a standardised patient were coded by a credentialed coder using a timed‐event sequential continuous coding method based on the Caring Behaviour Coding Scheme (the CBCS). The CBCS maps the five conceptual domains described in Swanson's Theory of Caring with related sub‐domains that align with Swanson's qualities of the Compassionate Healer and the Competent Practitioner. The CBCS contains seventeen verbal and eight non‐verbal behavioural codes, categorised as caring or non‐caring.

Results

Between the two simulations, most verbal caring behaviours increased, and most non‐verbal caring behaviours decreased. Statistically significant differences between the simulations occurred in the sub‐domains Avoiding assumptions and Performing competently/skilfully in the quality of the Competent Practitioner. Most observed caring behaviours aligned with the Compassionate Healer.

Conclusion

Generally, the students' development of caring behaviours increased while participating in the CBC. Using a structured observational behavioural coding scheme can assist educators in assessing caring behaviour both in education and in practice, supporting caring as the universal foundation of nursing and a key to patient safety.
Self‐management training in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis: A systematic review
Authors: Bağriaçik Ezgi , Dikmen Burcu Totur
Published: June 2023

The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of different self‐management training programs applied to dialysis patients. During the literature review, the flow chart of preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta‐analysis protocols (PRISMA‐P) was utilized. The review was limited by the year. All studies in English were screened in the databases “Ulakbim National Database, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Medline, EBSCOhost, and Cochrane Library.” Eleven studies, including nine randomized controlled and two quasi‐experimental, were included in the review.
Honesty‐humility predicts humanitarian prosocial behavior via social connectedness: A parallel mediation examining connectedness to community, nation, humanity, and nature
Authors: Angelis Sophia , Pensini Pamela
Published: June 2023

Abundant psychological research demonstrates bivariate relationships between individual prosocial propensity, intrinsic connectedness to various social domains, and the enactment of prosocial behavior. More recently, “connectedness” has been positioned as a necessary domain‐specific motivator for enacting prosocial propensity in relevant domains of concern. Our study offers novel contributions to this theory by examining the role of connectedness in driving prosocial behavior within a humanitarian domain in which behavior is enacted in the interest of the global community. Additionally, our research uniquely considers connectedness to multiple social domains concurrently, in order to disentangle any covariance that may be impacting research findings. A parallel mediation model with four mediators (connectedness to community, nation, humanity, and nature) was applied to better understand the effect of prosocial propensity (honesty‐humility) on humanitarian prosocial behavior. The cross‐sectional survey was completed by 715 Australian adults, and support was found for mediation via each of the mediators. Specifically, connectedness to community, to humanity, and to nature each positively affected the relationship between prosocial propensity and prosocial behavior, with the largest effect via connectedness to humanity. Contrastingly, connectedness to nation negatively mediated this relationship, despite being positively correlated with these constructs. These findings highlight the individual difference underpinnings of humanitarian prosocial behaviors and the role of connection to relevant domains in behavior actualization. Fostering connectedness to humanity remains desirable to promote global prosocial outcomes, with future research needed on the interplay between these related levels of connectedness and between connectedness to one's nation and global humanitarian engagement.
Farmers who tinker: Grounded alternatives to incrementalism and the growth imperative
Authors: Comi Matt
Published: June 2023

While hop yards have historically been small‐acreage operations with high levels of infrastructure, North American hop growing has increasingly followed a neo‐plantation model of high‐acreage and high‐automation farms. These large hop yards often have highly developed marketing and breeding components, and these growers’ practices have reshaped the hop marketplace. Within this landscape are a scattered group of mostly small‐to‐medium‐scale farmers who also grow this labour‐intensive, high‐cost, high‐infrastructure agriculture good. These farmers eschew many of the normative methods employed by large‐scale hop growing, breeding and marketing operations and instead tinker with inputs and infrastructure to improvise meaningful ways to maintain viability without growing larger. While many of these operations are medium‐sized growers, their ability to rethink the growth model of agriculture by engaging in immediate‐term on‐farm innovation and tinkering solutions illustrates an alternative approach to incrementalism when considering stepwise solutions for improving financial and environmental sustainability in quality‐focused fruit, vegetable and herb production in North America, Europe and elsewhere.