bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reception of Hobbes in Germany and the Holy Roman Empire
Authors: Boyd Nathaniel
Published: March 2019

This article analyses how the reception of Hobbes in Germany in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was determined within the context of the Holy Roman Empire. It argues that it is precisely this context that forms the peculiarities of the Hobbes reception in Pufendorf, Thomasius, and Hegel. It thereby offers a new way of viewing the development of the particular political theories of these three figures and their relationship to the English philosopher’s political thought.
Hobbes, Kant, and the Universal ‘right to all things’, or Why We Have to Leave the State of Nature
Authors: Eggers Daniel
Published: March 2019

This paper discusses the juridical interpretation of Hobbes’s state of nature argument, which has been defended by commentators such as Georg Geismann, Dieter Hüning or Peter Schröder. According to the juridical interpretation, the primary reason why the Hobbesian state of nature needs to be abandoned is not that everybody’s self-preservation is constantly threatened. It is that, due to the universal right to all things, the jural order of the state of nature includes some kind of logical contradiction. The purpose of the paper is to show that the juridical interpretation does not do justice to Hobbes’s actual argument and that it starts from a false presupposition: being a Hohfeldian ‘liberty-right’, the right to all things can consistently be granted to all individuals at the same time.
The male song of the Javan silvery gibbon (Hylobates moloch)
Authors: Geissmann Thomas , Bohlen-Eyring Sylke , Heuck Arite
Published: March 2019

This is the first study on the male song of the Javan silvery gibbon (Hylobates moloch), and the first quantitative evaluation of the syntax of male solo singing in any gibbon species carried out on a representative sample of individuals. Because male gibbon songs generally exhibit a higher degree of structural variability than female songs, the syntactical rules and the degree of variability in male singing have rarely been examined. In contrast to most other gibbon species, mated silvery gibbons do not appear to produce duet song bouts but solo song bouts only, and male singing is exceptionally rare, making this study particularly challenging. For the present study, we tape-recorded and analysed several solo song bouts of eight silvery gibbon males, including both wild and captive individuals. Based on their frequency characteristics, song notes were classified into a total of 14 note types. These can be grouped into five groups (labelled A through E). The proportions of the various note types were determined individually for successive 50-note sections throughout the whole song bout. Based on changes in the proportion of different note classes and note types, we roughly identify two phases in the male song: an introductory phase, during which A and B1 notes are dominant, B3 notes are rare and C notes are absent, and a main song phase, during which B3 or C notes are dominant. The occurrence and the proportion of various types apparently differ among individual males, however, both in the introductory and in the main phase. We estimated song motivation by determining the “number of notes per phrase” for each 50-note segment of the song bout. In each song bout, song motivation quickly increases during introductory phase. Song motivation may exhibit strong fluctuations during the main phase of the song, but usually remains above values of 2 notes per phrase and thus above the values observed during the introductory phase. Males appear to exhibit individual preferences in the order of different note types used in their phrases. Phrase structure was found to exhibit unusually low degrees of stereotypy and high degrees of variability. As a surprising finding of our study, male phrase variability both within and between individuals appears to be higher in H. moloch than in most, perhaps all, other gibbon species. This high variability appears to be a derived characteristic among the Hylobatidae. We discuss the implications of this finding for the interpretation of song function and present new and testable functional hypotheses. Our study demonstrates that song function cannot be identified for “the gibbon”. Gibbon songs appear to be multifunctional, and the relevance of these functions appears to exhibit strong differences among gibbon species.
Evaluation of the ecological function of amphitoxin in the reef-dwelling sponge Callyspongia (Euplacella) biru (Haplosclerida: Callyspongiidae) at southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: de Voogd Nicole J. , Haftka Joris J.H. , Hoeksema Bert W.
Published: March 2019

The ecological function of the secondary metabolite amphitoxin produced by Callyspongia (Euplacella) biru is evaluated by a forced confrontation with the free-living scleractinian coral Fungia fungites at different exposure times. Our major goal was to determine whether such a forced confrontation with a spatial com­petitor would cause a significant change in the concentration of amphitoxin in the sponge tissue, indicating a regulatory mechanism of amphitoxin production. Firstly, the concentrations of amphitoxin of sponge fragments submitted to forced confrontation with a mushroom coral did not differ between the exposure times. Secondly, all sponge fragments, including the controls had a consistently lower amphitoxin concentration during the course of the experiment than the natural variation. Thirdly, the concentration of amphitoxin varied substantially between specimens implying that other ecological factors besides spatial competition regulate the production of bioactive compounds of C. biru.
The choice of external morphological characters and developmental stages for tadpole-based anuran taxonomy: a case study in Rana (Sylvirana) nigrovittata (Blyth, 1855) (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae)
Authors: Grosjean S.
Published: March 2019

The morphology of tadpoles has long received too little attention in taxonomic and phylogenetic contexts, beyond the use of Orton’s general tadpole types, despite the potential of larval characters for resolving problems in systematics. A possible explanation for this neglect is the ontogenetic variation of external morphology. In order to understand the value of larval characters in taxonomy and systematics, it is necessary to determine the developmental stage at which characters reach their definitive size, form and colour before meaningful comparisons can be made within and between species. Here I use the tadpole of Rana (Sylvirana) nigrovittata as a model organism to assess ontogenetic character variation. Morphometric measurements were taken, and external oral and internal buccal characters were assessed separately for each developmental stage from 26 to 38. Coefficients of variation were calculated for each morphometric character at each stage of development to test the character’s efficiency in reflecting the morphology of the tadpole. Most morphometric characters taken from the body described the shape of the animal well and varied little among individuals, whereas those taken from the tail were less reliable and those of the oral disk were quite variable due to contraction during fixation. A developmental 'climax' for most characters was reached by specimens between stages 32-40, indicating that they are best suited for morphological intra- and interspecific comparisons.
Description of Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) wingei n. sp. from the Paría Peninsula, Venezuela, including notes on Acanthophacelus Eigenmann, 1907 and other subgenera of Poecilia Bloch and Schneider, 1801 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae)
Authors: Poeser Fred. N. , Kempkes Michael , Isbrücker Isaäc J. H.
Published: March 2019

The taxonomy of the common guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859, is reviewed and the closely related Campoma guppy, P. wingei n. sp., is described. Formerly, the common guppy was not judged to be closely related to any other species of Poecilia, but the new species is the second species to be allocated in the subgenus Acanthophacelus Eigenmann, 1907. The recognition of P. wingei results from observed character displacement, i.e., on the interaction between two closely related species in a shared environment. In addition to differences in coloration, behaviour also indicates specific differences. The area in which P. wingei occurs, the Campoma region at the base of the Paría Peninsula in Venezuela, hints to an origin of the subgenus Acanthophacelus prior to the uplift of the Cordilleras, i.e., the eastern orogenesis of the Andes. Moreover, an explanation is offered for aberrant molecular data in Trinidadian guppies.
New combinations for two coronate polyp species (Atorellidae and Nausithoidae, Coronatae, Scyphozoa, Cnidaria)
Authors: Morandini André Carrara , Jarms Gerhard
Published: March 2019

Within the order Coronatae, six valid species remain known only by their polyp stage. The inability to relate them to any medusae genera of the group is a problem that remains to be solved in the order. With the examination of type specimens, we reassign the species Stephanoscyphistoma sibogae and S. striatus to the genera Atorella and Nausithoe respectively.
Further observations on North African and South Iberian Bathyporeia (Crustacea, Amphipoda), with the description of a new species
Authors: d’Udekem d’Acoz Cédric , Myrieme Chams Echchaoui Hind , Menioui Mohamed
Published: March 2019

A new species of amphipod, Bathyporeia watkini sp. nov. from the Atlantic coasts of North Africa is described. This very characteristic species is abundant in some lagoons and estuaries near 28°N. New morphological information on B. elkaimi d’Udekem d’Acoz and Menioui, 2004 is given after specimens that were recently collected on the Atlantic coasts of southern Spain and South Portugal. The male of B. ledoyeri d’Udekem d’Acoz and Menioui, 2004 is described for the first time and new records of North African B. guilliamsoniana (Bate, 1857) and B. chevreuxi d'Udekem d'Acoz and Vader, 2005a are discussed.
Partial revision of Scolelepis (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the Grand Caribbean Region, with the description of two new species and a key to species recorded in the area
Authors: Delgado-Blas Víctor Hugo
Published: March 2019

Five Scolelepisspecies from the Gulf of Mexico and Western Atlantic Ocean are reported and certain species previously synonymized with Scolelepis(S.) squamataare revised. Four species are reinstated: S.(S.) goodbodyi(Jones, 1962), S.(S.) minuta(Treadwell, 1939), S.(S.) acuta(Treadwell, 1914), and S.(S.) agilis(Verrill, 1873); and two are described as new: S.(S.) lightin. sp., and S.(S.) vossaen. sp. Scolelepis(Scolelepis) goodbodyi(Jones, 1962) n. comb., S.(S.) minuta(Treadwell, 1939) n. comb., S.(S.) acuta(Treadwell, 1914), and S.(S.) agilis(Verrill, 1873) are removed from synonymy with S.(S.) squamataMüller, 1806. The record of Scolelepis(P.) texanaFoster, 1971 from the Grand Caribbean region is confirmed. A key to all Scolelepisspecies from the Grand Caribbean is provided.
Affinities of the family Sollasellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae). I. Morphological evidence
Authors: van Soest R.W.M. , Hooper J.N.A. , Beglinger E. , Erpenbeck D.
Published: March 2019

Comparison of Sollasella digitataLendenfeld, 1888, up until the present assigned to its own family Sollasellidae Lendenfeld, 1887 in the order Hadromerida, and Raspailopsis cervicornisBurton, 1959, assigned to Raspailiidae Nardo, 1833 in the order Poecilosclerida, leads to the conclusion that both should be considered congeneric and are best assigned to a single genus Sollasella. This conclusion is based on examination of habit and skeletal characters of the type material of S. digitataand both type and freshly collected material of S. cervicornis. The conclusion is strengthened by the discovery of a new species, Sollasella moretonensisn.sp. collected in North Australia (primarily in the northeastern coast, but also an isolated record from the northwestern Australian coast), which possesses in addition to the characteristic surface pattern and skeletal structure, genuine echinating acanthostyles. The redefined genus Sollasellashares axial / extra-axial arrangement of the skeleton, special surface brushes of oxeas surrounding a single protruding style, and vestigial occurrence of acanthostyles with many Raspailias.l. Nevertheless, it is retained as a separate genus, on account of its peculiar polygonal arrangement of surface pores. The distribution of the genus is disjunctive including both (southeast, northeast and northwest) Australian and Western Indian Ocean localities, but so far no intermediate records. Based on this morphological evidence, it is proposed – pending publication of corroborating molecular evidence to be presented in a follow-up study – to reassign Sollasellaand the family Sollasellidae to the poecilosclerid family Raspailiidae.
Low genetic variability in the endangered Colombian endemic freshwater turtle Podocnemis lewyana (Testudines, Podocnemididae)
Authors: Vargas-Ramírez Mario , Chiari Ylenia , Castaño-Mora Olga Victoria , Menken Steph B.J.
Published: March 2019

The Magdalena River Turtle (Podocnemis lewyana) is a Colombian endemic species, endangered due to human exploitation and habitat destruction. To date, this species is poorly known ecologically and data on its genetic diversity are lacking. Here we report on the first genetic survey of the species across its distribution range. We obtained mitochondrial DNA sequences (488 bp) of the cytochrome b gene from 109 individuals. Samples belong to populations located at several different localities, grouped in five regions, along the four main river basins: Magdalena, Cauca, San Jorge, and Sinú drainages. We found two haplotypes, which differ in only one nucleotide substitution and which are represented with different frequencies in the five geographic regions. These results suggest that P. lewyana harbors little genetic variation and is a genetically uniform species, but more variable markers (i.e., microsatellites) should be used to unravel fine-scale phylogeographic structures in this species.
Freshwater planarians from artesian springs in Queensland, Australia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola)
Authors: Sluys Ronald , J. Grant Lauryne , Blair David
Published: March 2019

Two new species of triclad flatworm are described from artesian springs in Queensland, Australia, viz. Dugesia artesiana Sluys and Grant, sp. nov. and Weissius capaciductus Sluys, gen. et sp. nov. Some historical biogeographic scenarios are discussed that may explain the occurrence of the new species and their close relatives in Australia.
Using ancient DNA techniques to identify the origin of unprovenanced museum specimens, as illustrated by the identification of a 19th century lion from Amsterdam
Authors: Barnett Ross , Yamaguchi Nobuyuki , Shapiro Beth , Nijman Vincent
Published: March 2019

In natural history collections throughout Europe, there are many old lion specimens of unknown origin. If these specimens can be shown to have originated from now-extinct populations their value would significantly increase, as would the value of the collections. Recently, a 200-year old mounted skeleton in the Zoological Museum Amsterdam has been identified as the extinct Cape lion Panthera leo melanochaita (Smith, 1842), based primarily on morphological information inferred from a painting of this specimen while it was still alive. To test this hypothesis, we used ancient DNA (aDNA) techniques to extract and sequence mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from this specimen, and compared the genetic results with previously published lion mtDNA sequences. Our results show that the specimen is not a Cape lion, but that it instead possesses the mtDNA haplotype of the Asiatic lions P. l. persica (Meyer, 1826) from India. This Indian origin hypothesis is further supported by an investigation of its cranial morphology. As the amount of genetic information available for lions increases, in particular data from across their historic distribution, the potential for aDNA techniques to identify the origins of previously unassigned museum specimens continues to grow.
Trade in non-native, CITES-listed, wildlife in Asia, as exemplified by the trade in freshwater turtles and tortoises (Chelonidae) in Thailand
Authors: Nijman Vincent , Shepherd Chris R.
Published: March 2019

In 1973 the Convention in International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) was called to life as to regulate the international wildlife trade, and to prevent species becoming (economically and biologically) extinct. The trade in freshwater turtles and tortoises in Asia is so huge that it threatens the survival of many species. In 2006 and 2007, during three surveys at Chatuchak market in Bangkok, Thailand, we recorded a significant trade in non-native CITES-listed freshwater turtles and tortoises to be used as pets. We documented a total of 688 individuals of 19 species from different regions of the world, many of which are globally threatened with extinction. Most commonly recorded were three species of tortoise from Madagascar and Africa, i.e. Radiated Tortoise Geochelone radiata, Spurred Tortoise G. sulcata and Leopard Tortoise G. pardalis. Five species were listed on CITES Appendix I, precluding all international trade, and an additional six Appendix II or III-listed species that can be traded albeit regulated, were not registered as being imported into Thailand in the last six year. CITES I-listed species were not more expensive than CITES II or III listed species, nor was there a relationship between retail price and numbers of turtles observed. The large number and availability of illegally sourced animals indicates a blatant disregard for law and authority by traders both from Thailand and from exporting countries. We conclude that the trade in these species, in such significant volumes, is of serious conservation concern, and in order for CITES to be more effective it is imperative that Parties recognize the scale of the international trade in freshwater turtles and tortoises and respond accordingly.
Pseudo-imposex; male features in female volutes not TBT-induced (Gastropoda: Volutidae)
Authors: Swennen Cornelis , Horpet Phusit
Published: March 2019

The occurrence of a penis in female gastropods of the super-family Muricoidea (infraorder Neogastropoda) has commonly been accepted as an indicator of tributyltin (TBT) pollution. Some species seem less sensitive than others, and one belonging to the family Columbellidae has been reported that it lacks the imposex response. During a survey in South-east Asian waters, females of Cymbiola nobilis and Melo melo (family Volutidae) with a small penis and an external vas deferens were initially considered as showing imposex. Doubt arose when 100% of the females had a penis on sites where other gastropods showed no or a low imposex incidence. During the present study, several hypotheses could be rejected such as (1) that the volutes are extremely sensible for TBT; (2) due to a high age they have a higher chance of coming into contact with TBT; or (3) they have a sex change during growth. This induced us to search for museum specimens collected before 1960, which date is long before TBT was brought into use as biocide in anti-fouling paint on ships. In the Australian Museum in Sydney and the Zoological Museum in Amsterdam some species were found from Indonesian and Australian waters. All inspected females showed the typical small penis and vas deferens by which it became clear that it is not TBT induced, but a natural phenomenon in these species. This is unknown in other muricoids. The “pseudo-imposex” has been established in Cymbiola nobilis, C. vespertilio, Melo amphora, M. melo and M. umbilicata. These species belong to the Volutidae subfamily Cymbiinae. However, male characters in females seem missing in species belonging to the subfamilies Odontocymbiolinae and Zidoninae from South America; they show a normal TBT- induced imposex response according recent literature.
Development, comparative morphology and cornification of reptilian claws in relation to claws evolution in tetrapods
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo
Published: March 2019

The development of claws in different reptiles and their cornification are analyzed using histological, ultrastructural and autoradiographic methods. Claws develop at the tip of digits in relation to the growth of the terminal phalanx and appear as modified scales. The apical epidermis of digit becomes thickened and is associated with a mesenchymal condensation or a dense mesenchyme. The dorsal side of the digit becomes the unguis while the ventral side becomes the sub-unguis. The corneous layer in the unguis is thicker than in the sub-unguis and accumulates hard-keratin while corneocytes remain separated or partially fused. Bundles of hard-keratin tend to accumulate in parallel orientation with respect to the surface and are directed toward the claw tip. The sub-unguis is formed by a softer corneous material and by a much thinner hard-keratin layer. Autoradiography after tritiated thymidine and histidine injection indicates that the growth of reptilian claws occurs along the entire epidermis of the claw. A proximal matrix zone for cell proliferation like in mammalian nails and claws is therefore absent in claws of reptiles. This observation indicates that the pattern of growth of reptilian and probably avian claws is different from that of mammals.
Early ontogeny shows the same interspecific variation as natural history parameters in the crested newt (Triturus cristatus superspecies) (Caudata, Salamandridae)
Authors: Cvijanović Milena , Ivanović Ana , Kolarov Nataša Tomašević , Džukić Georg , Kalezić Miloš L.
Published: March 2019

When the phenotypic divergence within a monophyletic group is characterised by parallel variation of different phenotypic traits, it is very likely that the environment through constraints and/or selection has affected the developmental pathways simultaneously. Such patterns of phenotypic divergence characterise the phenotypic evolution of the crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies). In this study, we have examined interspecific variations in the embryonic development of four crested newt species. The species are similar with respect to some basic developmental traits, some morphologically defined developmental stages and the survival rate during early embryogenesis. However, there is significant variation in the developmental rate, as well as differences in the pattern of correlation amongst analysed life-history and developmental traits. Consistent with previous studies, T. dobrogicus appears to be an outlier species, with the longest embryonic period and a significantly different correlation pattern for early life-history and developmental traits. We suggest that the invasion of a novel aquatic environment by T. dobrogicus resulted in large-scale directional changes in development, which could explain parallel change in numerous phenotypic and life-history traits with a high rate of evolution.
Variation in the nocturnal foraging distribution of and resource use by endangered Ryukyu flying foxes (Pteropus dasymallus) on Iriomotejima Island, Japan
Authors: Lee Ya-Fu , Takaso Tokushiro , Chiang Tzen-Yuh , Kuo Yen-Min , Nakanishi Nozomi , Tzeng Hsy-Yu , Yasuda Keiko
Published: March 2019

The nocturnal distribution and resource use by Ryukyu flying foxes was studied along 28 transects, covering five types of habitats, on Iriomote Island, Japan, from early June to late September, 2005. Bats were mostly encountered solitarily (66.8%) or in pairs (16.8%), with a mean linear density of 2.5 ± 0.6 bats/km of transect/night. Across the island, however, bat densities were distributed non-randomly among transect-nights, not correlated with transect length, and showed a slightly clumped distribution (variance/mean = 3.3). Outskirt trails contributed higher values to the relative importance of bat abundance, but the highest mean abundances occurred mostly at village sites on the west coast, which on average devoted only a quarter of their land area to agriculture/husbandry compared to those on the east coast. This supports our prediction that higher bat abundances are found in areas with less anthropogenic interference and more forest. Among habitats, the mean total abundance and density were lower in cultivated areas than in villages and inland forests. Bat perches in cultivated areas were also lower, and were in correspondence with lower shrub and canopy heights, and less canopy coverage. Flying fox abundance was correlated moderately with the heterogeneity of the tree composition, and strongly with the density of major fruiting trees. Thirty-nine species of plants and some animal items were used by Ryukyu flying foxes, including at least 31 species of fruits, 13 species of flowers, and leaves of seven species, with 14 species new to the record. Ficus septica and F. variegata were the most frequently encountered and dominant items in both fecal and rejecta/dropped samples, followed mostly by other figs and mulberries in the former, but by larger-seed non- Moraceae plants in dropped samples. Our results suggest that for conservation of flying foxes undisturbed forests providing an adequate resource basis are of major importance.
The Organizational Logic of Technology: An Analysis of the Transformation of the Agricultural Economy in County B, 1986–2016
Authors: Zhang Jianlei
Published: March 2019

Based on field investigation in County B of Shanxi Province, this paper explores the relationship between technology and organization by examining the complex interactions between the government (technology supplier) and the differentiated agricultural managers (technology recipients) and the subsequent transformation of the agricultural economy. Past studies have argued that government intervention can significantly improve economic management, and the government-led, highly organized model of agricultural technology promotion can effectively solve the problem of social cost in technology application by rural households. However, when technology promotion driven by political mobilization is over, the application of new technologies by rural households encounters difficulties because of the growing capitalization of technological factors on the one hand and the households’ limited capital accumulation and consumption structure on the other. The government, for its own part, also redirects its technological services to the more capitalized, large-scale managements, which are considered to be able to accelerate the application of new technologies and the realization of the
government’s economic objectives. Nevertheless, the importance of rural households should never be ignored in the government’s economic planning. It is possible that, with the support of the government, large-scale agricultural managements can integrate rural households into their growth model that combines production with marketing by outsourcing technological service. This will bring about profound changes in the local agricultural technology promotion system and accelerate the transformation of the agricultural management system.
An Apparent Paradox: To Establish a Legal State is a Loose Duty
Authors: Jacobsen Mogens Chrom
Published: March 2019

Taking our point of departure in Kant’s book Zum ewigen Frieden, we note a seeming paradox which we believe has a wider application to legal states as such: while a legal state is supposed to impose strict duties, we only appear to have a loose duty to establish such a state. In order to investigate this seeming paradox, we will recapitulate what Kant says about strict and loose duties and examine in which terms he describes the perpetual peace. We will thus argue that perpetual peace is a loose duty. We will consider Kant’s reasons for this and endeavour to show through his parallel between individuals and states that the duty states have to enter a legal state is the same duty individuals have to enter this state. Finally, we will consider in what ways the above-mentioned paradox is only apparent and what this means for Kant’s philosophical position.
Kant and the Practical Man
Authors: Nielsen Carsten Fogh
Published: March 2019

The Appendix to Kant’s Toward Perpetual Peace is commonly viewed as an explication of the systematic relations between political practice and normative political theory. This paper provides an alternative interpretation of Kant’s main aim in the Appendix which is to provide an argument against the so-called “practical man.” The practical man believes that human nature precludes normative political ideals from ever playing a significant role within political practice. Drawing on the 1793 text “On the common saying: That may be correct in theory, but is of no use in practice,” the paper argues that Kant’s argument against the practical man is based on a proto-phenomenological analysis of moral experience. The practical man’s attempt to describe political practice in purely non-normative terms is, Kant believes, necessarily self-undermining because it denies one of the most basic aspects of human life; the inherent and inescapable normativity of practical reason.
Some Dialogue Not Yet Happened
Authors: Zhang Huajun
Published: March 2019

Michael Peters’ article “100 Years of Dewey in China, 1919–1921: A Reassessment” mainly focused on the political and ideological position of Dewey and concluded that Dewey did little to Chinese modern transition. To respond to Peters’ article, I pointed out that Dewey’s religious and aesthetic aspects of experience in his later works were largely ignored and how this idea of experience could have possible dialogue with the rich heritage of Chinese Confucianism tradition. I further made an example from the Chinese Confucian scholar Liang Shuming’s review article on Dewey’s book Democracy and Education, to indicate these two schools of thoughts could more contribution to thinking about the modern challenge from each society.
Neoliberal Fascism’s War on Immigrants Echoes a Dark and Haunting Past
Authors: Giroux Henry A.
Published: March 2019

In this paper Henry Giroux, the US theorist of critical pedagogy, examines the treatment of immigrants in America likening it to fascism’s extreme nationalism. He draws a parallel between neoliberal capitalism and fascism to explain the suppression of freedom, anti-democratic sentiments and the growth of racism leading to a demonisation of the other. Giroux speaks to the formation of a form of “neoliberal fascism” under Trump and considers the horrors of the perpetration of state violence against children. He documents the way that Trump mobilises “fascist passions” to set up immigration detention camps that involves the separation of children from their parents. [Ed.]
The “Double First-Class Initiative” in China: Background, Implementation, and Potential Problems
Authors: Liu Qiang , Turner David , Jing Xiaoli
Published: March 2019

The construction of world-class universities and first-class disciplines (Double First-Class Initiative) is a major commitment made by the Chinese government to adapt to changes in the educational environment at home and abroad. It is also an innovative strategy for the development and practice of international higher education. As part of the Double First-Class Initiative, China’s higher education institutions have formulated plans for their development and for developing their disciplinary specializations. They have instituted special measures for developing subject areas, staff development, building teams of teachers and researchers, and enhancing their disciplinary characteristics. However, there are some potential problems with the implementation of the Double First-Class Initiative, not least of which are the imprecision in the definition of “world-class”, the narrow focus on the range of institutions, and the lack of future-oriented development methods. These problems have attracted the attention of the government and the universities, and stimulated some discussion in society more widely.
Media, Allegiance and Civic Education
Authors: Jackson Liz
Published: March 2019

Philosophies of civilisation, nation, globalisation, and localisation manifest in educational structuring, school hidden curricula, and subject areas like social studies or citizenship education. Additionally, media play a vital role in young people’s development of their identities and civic allegiances, apart from what takes place in schools. Media may complement or contradict messages about human living together and one’s place in living together provided in educational contexts. Given media’s impact, within and outside educational spaces, it would be counterproductive to not examine this impact if one wants to understand how students learn to live together in society. Appreciating the role of media in developing civic ideas can help to enhance strategies of civic education. It can also help to identify skills related to literacy, information processing, and social networking that align with effective development of critical thinking capacities in civic education. This article first explores theoretically how people learn through and engage with media. Next, it considers ways in which media can impact civic identities. It explores how media is impacted by and reflects messages related to civilisation, nationalism, globalization and localism. The article then discusses common ways of responding to media in education. Here, critical media literacy education is examined and reflected upon. Broader educational implications of the exploration are discussed in the conclusion.
Revision of the lysianassoid genera Acidostoma and Shackletonia (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Acidostomatidae fam. nov.)
Authors: STODDART H. E. , LOWRY J. K.
Published: March 2019

The new lysianassoid amphipod family Acidostomatidae is described for the widespread genus Acidostoma Lilljeborg, 1865and the endemic Antarctic genus Shackletonia K.H. Barnard, 1931. All species of Acidostoma are described including three new species. Acidostoma obesum (Bate & Westwood, 1861) is discussed in detail.
Notes on the Indo-West Pacific shrimp genus Athanopsis Coutière, 1897 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae), with the description of a new species associated with echiurans (Annelida, Thalassematidae)
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR
Published: March 2019

The Indo-West Pacific alpheid shrimp genus Athanopsis Coutière, 1897 is briefly reviewed. Athanopsis platyrhynchusCoutière, 1897, the type species, is reassessed using Coutière’s illustrations and morphological notes scattered throughouthis monograph of the family Alpheidae (Coutière 1899). Athanopsis brevirostris Banner & Banner, 1981, originally de-scribed on the basis of a single immature specimen missing both chelipeds, is reported and illustrated based on fresh ma-terial from Madagascar and southern Japan. Athanopsis gotoi sp. nov. is described based on two fresh specimens fromsouthern Japan, both found associated with thalassematid echiurans, and an additional, older museum specimen from In-donesia. The colour patterns of A. brevirostris, A. gotoi sp. nov., A. saurus Anker, 2011, A. rubricinctuta Berggren, 1991,and A. australis Banner & Banner, 1982, are contrasted to facilitate their identification in the field. A morphology and colour based key to all presently known species of Athanopsis is also provided.
A new species of Allobates (Anura, Dendrobatidae) from the western flank of the Serranía de Perijá, Colombia
Authors: ANGANOY-CRIOLLO MARVIN
Published: March 2019

A new species of nurse frog is described from the Serranía de Perijá, Colombia. The new species is the fourth trans-Andean species in the genus Allobates. The new species is very similar to Allobates wayuu and also resembles A.melanolaemus, A. mcdiarmidi, A. niputidea, A. spumaponens and A. trilineatus, but differs in the type of posterior joiningof the dorsolateral stripe, pattern of coloration on the gular-chest region in males, ventral coloration in females, and by thepattern of the oblique lateral stripe; moreover, their similar are geographically isolate. Although Allobates is the secondlargest genus of dendrobatids (45 species), in Colombia, it has a diversity of thirteen species (including the new one described herein), nine cis-Andean and four trans-Andean. It is probable that the diversity in Colombia is underestimated.
A new species of Mimonecteola (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea: Mimonecteolidae) from the Southern Ocean
Authors: ZEIDLER WOLFGANG
Published: March 2019

A new species of Mimonecteola, M. antarctica sp. nov., is described from two specimens collected by the R/V Eltaninfrom the Amundsen Sea (Pacific Sector) and north-west of Elephant Island (Atlantic Sector). It is most similar to M. carls-bergi Zeidler, 2009 but is readily distinguished by the relatively shorter, and more feeble, fifth pereopoda and the relatively longer second antennae. The genus now consists of seven species and a new key to distinguish them is provided.
The genus Albia Thon from Australia, with the description of two new species (Acari: Hydrachidia: Aturidae)
Authors: SMIT HARRY
Published: March 2019

Two new Albia species are described from Australia, A. ironicus n. sp. and A. yorkensis n. sp.. Albia brokenensis Smit is synon-ymized with A. australica Cook. The female of A. longipalpis Wiles is described for the first time. Many new records are given of the genus Albia from Australia.Key words: Hydrachnidia, Aturidae, Albia, new species, new records, Australia
Two new Pseudorchomene species from the Southern Ocean, with phylogenetic remarks on the genus and related species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Lysianassidae: Tryphosinae)
Authors: D’ACOZ CEDRIC D’UDEKEM , HAVERMANS CHARLOTTE
Published: March 2019

Two new lysianassoid amphipods of the genus Pseudorchomene Schellenberg, 1926 from the Southern Ocean are de-scribed: P. debroyeri sp. n. collected in baited traps deployed around the Falkland Islands, Burdwood Bank and Îles Ker-guelen between 55 and 470 m, and P. lophorachis sp. n. collected in baited traps and Agassiz trawls deployed in the Scotiaand Weddell Seas at depths between 847 and 1943 m. P. lophorachis sp. n. is characterized by an strongly elongated firstgnathopod and by the occurrence of low posterodorsal humps on the body segments. P. debroyeri sp. n. is very similar toP. coatsi (Chilton, 1912) but exhibits slight differences of proportions in the articles of gnathopods 1 and 2, more spineson pereopods and more acute spines on the propodus of pereopods 3–7. Molecular data indicate the existence of a well-defined clade comprising P. lophorachis sp. n., P. debroyeri sp. n., P. coatsi (Chilton, 1912), Abyssorchomene plebs (Hur-ley, 1965) and A. rossi (Walker, 1903). On the other hand, A. plebs and A. rossi do not form a clade with A. chevreuxi(Stebbing, 1906), which is the type species of the genus Abyssorchomene De Broyer, 1984. The definition of Pseudor-chomene is amended, so that it now includes P. coatsi, P. debroyeri, P. lophorachis, P. plebs and P. rossi. The triangularcoxa 1 in these 5 species is unique for ‘orchomenid’ lysianassoids, thus considered as a putative synapomorphy. P. coatsi(Antarctic species) is morphologically extremely similar to P. debroyeri (sub-Antarctic species) but it is genetically closer to the morphologically distinct P. lophorachis (Antarctic species). Hypotheses for these recent speciations and the mor-phological evolution within Pseudorchomene are discussed. The type species and the nomenclatural history of the genus Tryphosa Boeck, 1871, which is the type genus of the subfamily Tryphosinae, are discussed.
The genus Liljeborgia in the Mediterranean Sea, with the description of a new species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Liljeborgiidae)
Authors: D'ACOZ CÉDRIC D'UDEKEM
Published: March 2019

A new amphipod crustacean, Liljeborgia clytaemnestra sp. nov., is described based on specimens from Malta andthe Bay of Naples. It is quite similar to the sympatric L. dellavallei Stebbing, 1906, but it has narrower and moreregular-sized spines on the propodus of pereiopods 3–4. The longest spine on the dorsolateral border of the pedun-cle of uropod 1 is not strongly elongate in adult males, as in L. dellavallei. The apical spines on the lobes of the tel-son are much longer than in L. dellavallei. L. clytaemnestra sp. nov. is actually more similar to two northeasternAtlantic species, the British L. pallida (Spence Bate, 1857) and the Scandinavian L. brevicornis (Bruzelius, 1859)than to the Mediterranean L. dellavallei. In L. clytaemnestra sp. nov., article 2 of the mandibular palp has setae ondistal third, whilst setae are restricted to tip in the two other species. Article 3 of the mandibular palp is also longerin L. clytaemnestra sp. nov. than in the two Atlantic species. The spines of the outer plate of the maxilliped are lon-ger in L. clytaemnestra sp. nov. than in the two other species. The most distal spine of the propodus of pereiopods3–4 is reduced in L. clytaemnestra sp. nov. and L. brevicornis, but not in L. pallida. The serration of the posteriorborder of the basis of pereiopod 7 is much stronger in L. clytaemnestra sp. nov. than in the two other species.Finally, in L. clytaemnestra sp. nov., the spines of the lobes of the telson are longer than in L. pallida. A lectotypeis designated for L. dellavallei. The presence/absence of a posterodorsal tooth on pleonite 3 in L. dellavallei is dis-cussed. The validity of L. kinahani (Spence Bate, 1862) is questioned. An identification key is proposed for Mediterranean Liljeborgia species.
Advertisement call and geographical variation in call features of Dendropsophus berthalutzae (Anura: Hylidae) from the Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil
Authors: FORTI LUCAS RODRIGUEZ , MARTINS FÁBIO AUGUSTO MIGUEL , BERTOLUCI JAIME
Published: March 2019

Acoustic signals are the main mode of communication in anurans (Duellman & Trueb 1994). Calls produced by anurans play an essential role during their reproduction (Wells 1977) and advertisement calls emitted by males are, in many cases, species-specific, representing an important character for species recognition (Abrunhosa et al. 2001; Forti et al. 2010). Thus, the formal description of advertisement calls is relevant for anuran taxonomy (Pombal Jr. et al. 1995).
Review and identification of the cuckoo bees of central Europe (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Sphecodes)
Authors: BOGUSCH PETR , STRAKA JAKUB
Published: March 2019

We reviewed nomenclature, biology, hosts, geographical distribution and compiled an identification key for all 33 Sphe-codes Latreille, 1804 species known from central Europe. The identification key is separated for females and males andinclude 204 figures (photographs) of identification characters as well as male genitalia of all species. Taxonomically dif-ficult groups within the genus were critically studied and new characters, as well as corrected geographical distribution,are presented, i.e., the S. reticulatus group (S. alternatus Smith, 1853, S. crassanus Warncke, 1992 and S. reticulatusThomson, 1870), S. croaticus group (S. croaticus Meyer, 1922, S. pseudofasciatus Blüthgen, 1925 and S. zangherii Nosk-iewicz, 1931) and S. miniatus group (S. marginatus Hagens, 1882, S. miniatus Hagens, 1882 and S. nomioidis Pesenko,1979). The name S. nomioidis is used because it is the only available name for the taxon formerly identified as S. margi-natus in Eastern Europe. Sphecodes capverdensis Pesenko & La Roche, 2002 is considered to be a junior synonym of S.pinguiculus Pérez, 1903 (syn. nov.). In addition we summarized all known host records of Sphecodes, including a discussion of the likelihood of published data and presentation of new host data.
Contribution to the knowledge of the subgenus Rhodobaetis Jacob, 2003 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae: Baetis) from Central Asia. Part 1
Authors: SROKA PAVEL , GODUNKO ROMAN J. , NOVIKOVA EUGENIA A. , KLUGE NIKITA J.
Published: March 2019

A new species, Baetis (Rhodobaetis) taldybulaki sp. nov., is described on the basis of larvae and reared adults from Kyr-gyzstan. The differential diagnosis of this species is provided with regard to other representatives of the subgenus Rhodo-baetis Jacob, 2003. The lectotype of Baetis (Rhodobaetis) issyksuvensis Brodsky, 1930 (male imago) is designated,described and illustrated in order to fix the status of this species and clearly differentiate it from B. taldybulaki sp. nov.The holotype of Baetis (Rhodobaetis) heptapotamicus Brodsky, 1930 is redescribed and a new synonymy is established: B. heptapotamicus = B. mycetopis Brodsky, 1930, syn. n.
Species of Philorus Kellogg from China with description of a new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae)
Authors: KANG ZEHUI , YANG DING
Published: March 2019

The genus Philorus is newly recorded from the Chinese mainland. One species, Philorus levanidovae Zwick, is recordedfrom China for the first time. Another species, Philorus emeishanensis sp. nov., is described as new to science. The genus Philorus is discussed and a key to the known species from China is presented.
Erratum: HLAVÁČ, P. (2012) Contribution to the knowledge of the tribe Mastigerina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae, Clavigeritae), with a description of a new genus from Borneo. Zootaxa, 3070, 51–59.
Authors: HLAVÁČ P.
Published: March 2019

(Erratum)
The placement of the spider genus Periegops and the phylogeny of Scytodoidea (Araneae: Araneomorphae)
Authors: LABARQUE FACUNDO M. , RAMÍREZ MARTÍN J.
Published: March 2019

The relationships of Scytodoidea, including the families Drymusidae, Periegopidae, Scytodidae and Sicariidae, have been con-tentious for a long time. Here we present a reviewed phylogenetic analysis of scytodoid spiders, emphasizing Periegops, theonly genus in the family Periegopidae. In our analysis the Scytodoidea are united by the fusion of the third abdominal entapo-physes into a median lobe, the presence of female palpal femoral thorns and associated cheliceral stridulatory ridges, a mem-branous lobe on the cheliceral promargin, and the loss of minor ampullate gland spigots. A basal split within Scytodoideadefines two monophyletic groups: Sicariidae and a group formed by Scytodidae as the sister group of Periegopidae plus Dry-musidae, all united by having bipectinate prolateral claws on tarsi I–II, one major ampullate spigot accompanied by a nubbin,and the posterior median spinnerets with a mesal field of spicules. Periegops is the sister group of Drymusidae, united by the regain of promarginal cheliceral teeth and a triangular cheliceral lamina, which is continuous with the paturon margin.
On the identity of Cancer saxatilis Herbst, 1785: an objective synonym of Lophozozymus pictor (Fabricius, 1798), by neotype designation and reversal of precedence (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae: Zosiminae)
Authors: LOW MARTYN E. Y.
Published: March 2019

The name Cancer saxatilis was used by Herbst (1785: 187, 188) for the translated description and cited figure of “Cancer saxatilis” from the pre-Linnaean work of Rumphius (1705: 9, 10, pl. 5, fig. M). Cancer saxatilis Herbst, 1875, is an available name as it fulfils the requirements of Articles 3–12 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (hereafter the Code, ICZN 1999). The description and figure of “Cancer saxatilis” Rumphius (1705), and therefore Cancer saxatilis Herbst, 1785, are readily identifiable with Lophozozymus pictor (Fabricius, 1798) (see Ng & Chia 1995: 428).