bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
T‐antigen as a biomarker of progression‐free survival in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Guan Liao , Wang Wenwen , Ji Xuefei , Cheng Hongwei , Du Weidong , Ye Lei
Published: May 2024

Objective

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain tumors and often leads to poor outcomes. Studies have indicated that glycan levels are significantly correlated with the pathogenesis and development of cancers. However, whether glycan levels can serve as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in GBM remains unclear.

Methods

We obtained glycomic profiles in tissue and serum samples from 55 individuals with GBM using a well‐established lectin biochip platform probing with 11 specific lectins.

Results

Our univariate analysis showed that 5 out of the 11 lectin‐probed glycans (LPGs) were significantly higher in GBM tissues than in peri‐tumoral tissues. After logistic regression analyses, only the Jacalin‐probed T‐antigen difference between the two groups remained significant (p = 0.037). Moreover, survival‐related analyses showed that the level of Jacalin‐probed T‐antigen was significantly associated with the progression‐free survival (p = 0.038) of patients. However, none of the LPG levels were correlated with the overall survival or the chemosensitivity to temozolomide therapy. The correlation coefficient analysis showed a moderate‐to‐strong correlation in the Jacalin‐probed T‐antigen levels between GBM tissues and serum samples, indicating its potential usefulness as a non‐invasive GBM progression biomarker.

Interpretation

Glycomics analyses can be helpful in the prediction of GBM recurrences and may provide information useful for GBM glycan‐based target therapies or vaccine development.
Strain‐Tolerant Nanocomposite Conductors with Engineered Bicontinuous Phase System by Additive Liquid/Solid Assembly
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Shao Pengpeng , Hua Chenxi , Xu Shixuan , Qu Daopeng , Liu Yanjun , Yu Jiangyun , Song Xinyu , Jiang Jing , Liu Yu
Published: May 2024

Intrinsically stretchable conductors are vital components in next‐generation flexible electronics. However, solid conductive networks are generally vulnerable to external deformations due to their incompatible mechanical properties with the highly elastic substrates or matrixes. It is still challenging to achieve precisely controlled conductive structure with stable electromechanical performances. Herein, a nanocomposite conductor with 3D engineered bicontinuous phase system is developed, which is constructed by alternately arranged robust solid‐phase and conductive liquid‐phase via additive liquid/solid assembly. The proper rheological properties and extraordinary structural compatibility of the liquid‐phase prompt the formation of bridged structure within the 3D periodic solid‐phase main skeleton, giving rise to stable and even strain‐enhanced electrical and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties under external deformation. A negative resistance change of −37% along with unabated EMI shielding effectiveness and mechanical properties are obtained at 100% strain, showing negligible performance degradation even after 10,000 cycles of rigorous stretching and releasing. A strain‐tolerant pressure‐sensing device is further demonstrated using the liquid/solid nanocomposite structure, delivering a unique function of precisely recognizing the local pressure at large tensile loading interference. This work provides a new paradigm for the manufacturing of nanocomposites with desired functionalities using the adequate nanofiller reserve toward practical strain‐tolerant applications.
Bond Structure Engineering Induced the Mn Redox Stabilization Toward High‐Energy Mn‐Based Phosphate Cathode
Authors: He Liang , Ge Xiaochen , Wang Xu , Fang Jing , Lai Yanqing , Zhang Zhian
Published: May 2024

Manganese (Mn) ‐based phosphate is poised for commercial applications driven by its cost‐effectiveness, robust NASICON framework, and multi‐dimensional Na+ pathways. However, it encounters insufficient redox reactions and rapid structural collapse with severe lattice distortion as the culprit. Herein, one meticulously engineered substitutional solid solution cathode (integrating Na4MnCr(PO4)3 and Na3MnTi(PO4)3, denoted NMCTP) is proposed to regulate the local crystal structure of Mn─O bond to stabilize and promote the Mn redox reaction for optimizing the electrochemical performance. It is uncovered that the bulk framework with structural stability is constructed by strongly symmetric Mn─O bond lengths of MnO6 octahedrons and strengthened Mn─O covalency. In addition, the sufficient utilization of Mn redox is tightly correlated with redistributed Na2 occupancy and enhanced diffusion kinetics with accelerated electron transportation. By virtue of the above merits, The NMCTP performs ultra‐high capacity (150.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) and appealing cycling stability (84.7% retention over 1000 cycles). Sodium storage mechanisms and potential factors at high potentials are unveiled in NMCTP materials. This work sheds light on fire‐new solid solution strengthening in view of the Mn─O bond structure for high‐performance Mn‐based phosphate cathodes.
Stimuli‐Responsive Hydrogels for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Hao Zhe , Li Xiyan , Zhang Ruizhong , Zhang Libing
Published: May 2024

Hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for biomedical applications, especially in the field of antibacterial therapeutics, due to their unique structural properties, highly tunable physicochemical properties, and excellent biocompatibility. The integration of stimuli‐responsive functions into antibacterial hydrogels holds the potential to enhance their antibacterial properties and therapeutic efficacy, dynamically responding to different external or internal stimuli, such as pH, temperature, enzymes, and light. Therefore, this review describes the applications of hydrogel dressings responsive to different stimuli in antibacterial therapy. The collaborative interaction between stimuli‐responsive hydrogels and antibacterial materials is discussed. This synergistic approach, in contrast to conventional antibacterial materials, not only amplifies the antibacterial effect but also alleviates adverse side effects and diminishes the incidence of multiple infections and drug resistance. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and outlines future research directions for stimuli‐responsive antibacterial hydrogels. It underscores the imperative for ongoing interdisciplinary research aimed at unraveling the mechanisms of wound healing. This understanding is crucial for optimizing the design and implementation of stimuli‐responsive antibacterial hydrogels. Ultimately, this review aims to offer scientific guidance for the development and practical clinical application of stimuli‐responsive antibacterial hydrogel dressings.
Superhydrophobic Solar‐to‐Thermal Materials Toward Cutting‐Edge Applications
Authors: Li Shan , Xiao Peng , Chen Tao
Published: May 2024

Solar‐to‐thermal conversion is a direct and effective way to absorb sunlight for heat via the rational design and control of photothermal materials. However, when exposed to water‐existed conditions, the conventional solar‐to‐thermal performance may experience severe degradation owing to the high specific heat capacity of water. To tackle with the challenge, the water‐repellent function is introduced to construct superhydrophobic solar‐to‐thermal materials (SSTMs) for achieving stable heating, and even, for creating new application possibilities under water droplets, sweat, seawater, and ice environments. An in‐depth review of cutting‐edge research of SSTMs is given, focusing on synergetic functions, typical construction methods, and cutting‐edge potentials based on water medium. Moreover, the current challenges and future prospects based on SSTMs are also carefully discussed.
“Cloth‐to‐Clothes‐Like” Fabrication of Soft Actuators
Authors: Liang Huan , Zhang Yubai , He Enjian , Yang Yang , Liu Yawen , Xu Hongtu , Yang Zhijun , Wang Yixuan , Wei Yen , Ji Yan
Published: May 2024

Inspired by adaptive natural organisms and living matter, soft actuators appeal to a variety of innovative applications such as soft grippers, artificial muscles, wearable electronics, and biomedical devices. However, their fabrication is typically limited in laboratories or a few enterprises since specific instruments, strong stimuli, or specialized operation skills are inevitably involved. Here a straightforward “cloth‐to‐clothes‐like” method to prepare soft actuators with a low threshold by combining the hysteretic behavior of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) with the exchange reaction of dynamic covalent bonds, is proposed. Due to the hysteretic behavior, the LCEs (resemble “cloth”) effectively retain predefined shapes after stretching and releasing for extended periods. Subsequently, the samples naturally become soft actuators (resemble “clothes”) via the exchange reaction at ambient temperatures. As a post‐synthesis method, this strategy effectively separates the production of LCEs and soft actuators. LCEs can be mass‐produced in bulk by factories or producers and stored as prepared, much like rolls of cloth. When required, these LCEs can be customized into soft actuators as needed. This strategy provides a robust, flexible, and scalable solution to engineer soft actuators, holding great promise for mass production and universal applications.
Hydroxide‐Derived Nanostructures: Scalable Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Potential Applications
Authors: Badr Hussein O. , Barsoum Michel W.
Published: May 2024

Metal oxide nanostructures have received an increasing attention owing to their unique chemical and physical properties along with their widespread applications in various fields. This article provides an overview of the recent discovery – christened Hydroxides‐Derived Nanostructures, or HDNs – in which hydroxide aqueous solutions (mostly tetramethylammonium hydroxide, TMAH) are reacted at temperatures < 100 °C and under atmospheric pressure with various metal‐containing precursors to scalably prepare novel metal oxide nanostructures. In one case, a dozen commercial and earth abundant Ti‐containing powders such as binary carbides, nitrides, borides, among others, are converted into new, 1D TiO2‐based lepidocrocite (1DL) nanofilaments (NFs). Application‐wise, the 1DLs show outstanding performance in a number of energy, environmental, and biomedical fields such as photo‐ and electrocatalysis, water splitting, lithium–sulfur and lithium‐ion batteries, water purification, dye degradation, cancer therapy, and polymer composites. In addition to 1DL, the HDNs family encompasses other metal oxides nanostructures including magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and MnO2 birnessite‐based crystalline 2D flakes. The latter showed promise in electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications. The developed recipe provides a new vista in the molecular self‐assembly synthesis of nanomaterials that can advance the field with a library of novel nanostructures with substantial implications in a multitude of fields.
2D Hybrid Perovskites: From Static and Dynamic Structures to Potential Applications
Authors: Duan Jianing , Li Jingrui , Divitini Giorgio , Cortecchia Daniele , Yuan Fang , You Jiaxue , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Petrozza Annamaria , Wu Zhaoxin , Xi Jun
Published: May 2024

2D perovskites have received great attention recently due to their structural tunability and environmental stability, making them highly promising candidates for various applications by breaking property bottlenecks that affect established materials. However, in 2D perovskites, the complicated interplay between organic spacers and inorganic slabs makes structural analysis challenging to interpret. A deeper understanding of the structure–property relationship in these systems is urgently needed to enable high‐performance tunable optoelectronic devices. Herein, this study examines how structural changes, from constant lattice distortion and variable structural evolution, modeled with both static and dynamic structural descriptors, affect macroscopic properties and ultimately device performance. The effect of chemical composition, crystallographic inhomogeneity, and mechanical‐stress‐induced static structural changes and corresponding electronic band variations is reported. In addition, the structure dynamics are described from the viewpoint of anharmonic vibrations, which impact electron–phonon coupling and the carriers’ dynamic processes. Correlated carrier–matter interactions, known as polarons and acting on fine electronic structures, are then discussed. Finally, reliable guidelines to facilitate design to exploit structural features and rationally achieve breakthroughs in 2D perovskite applications are proposed. This review provides a global structural landscape of 2D perovskites, expected to promote the prosperity of these materials in emerging device applications.
From Sunrise to Sunset: Unraveling Metastability in Perovskite Solar Cells by Coupled Outdoor Testing and Energy Yield Modelling
Authors: Remec Marko , Tomšič Špela , Khenkin Mark , Emery Quiterie , Li Jinzhao , Scheler Florian , Glažar Boštjan , Jankovec Marko , Jošt Marko , Unger Eva , Albrecht Steve , Schlatmann Rutger , Lipovšek Benjamin , Ulbrich Carolin , Topič Marko
Published: May 2024

Perovskite‐based solar cells exhibit peculiar outdoor performance which is not yet fully understood. The results of outdoor tests may contain hidden, but valuable information that cannot be fully extracted from measurements alone. One such phenomenon is the effect of nighttime degradation and the subsequent light‐soaking recovery, which can take from a few hours in the morning up to the entire day. In this work, long‐term outdoor monitoring is combined with energy yield modeling to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the effect of light‐soaking recovery in both single junction and tandem perovskite‐based devices. Following the novel methodology presented in this study, it is observed that the light‐soaking effect depends not only on the daily irradiation but also on the device temperature, and it can be described using a simple empirical formalism. Incorporating this dependency into the energy yield model results in an excellent agreement between the simulated and the measured outdoor data, which allows to perform long‐term prediction studies. The model estimates that the light‐soaking metastability effect decreases the attainable annual energy yield by up to ≈5% for the studied single junction devices, and for tandems by up to ≈3%, depending on the geographical location, and even more for non‐optimal device orientation.
Enhancing Surface Charge Density of Graphene Oxide Membranes through Al(OH)4−Anion Incorporation for Osmotic Energy Conversion
Authors: Aixalà‐Perelló Anna , Raffone Federico , Baudino Luisa , Pedico Alessandro , Serrapede Mara , Cicero Giancarlo , Lamberti Andrea
Published: May 2024

Graphene oxide (GO) has been extensively studied for fabricating ion exchange membranes. This material is of interest due to its surface‐governed charge which, combined with the interlayer distance between the GO flakes stack, offers ion selectivity. However, obtaining high‐performing membranes with high ion selectivity and low ionic resistance remains challenging. To address this issue, Al(OH)4−anions are incorporated into graphene oxide membranes to increase their spontaneous negative surface charge. The anions are successfully formed and encapsulated through a reaction with the alumina support under alkaline conditions during the membrane fabrication. A modeling of the system proves the anchoring of the Al(OH)4−anions within the GO matrix. The incorporation of these anions significantly improves the permselectivity and reduces the ionic resistance, reaching approximately 95% and 2 Ω cm2, respectively. The GO‐modified membranes also present mono‐valent selectivity, which can boost reverse electrodialysis power densities.
Assessing the long‐term effects of conservation agriculture on cotton production in Northeast Louisiana using the denitrification–decomposition model
Authors: Ferdush Janntul , Jeong Changyoon , Jeon Hwangju , Wang Jim , Ro Kyoung , Zhang Xi , Lee Meesook
Published: May 2024

Conservation agriculture (CA) aims to sustain agricultural production, soil, and environmental health in agroecosystems and has been promoted throughout the United States. The adoption of CA in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) systems provides both agronomic and environmental benefits. Yet, there is limited information on the long‐term effects of CA practices on crop yield and adaptation strategies. An integrated CA system, that is, cover crops with no‐tillage (NT) instead of conventional agriculture, was implemented in the long‐term field experiments and assessed with an integrated biogeochemical model. Using the denitrification–decomposition model, this study estimated the effects of four different cover crops, for example, native grass (NG), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), on cotton yield under four different nitrogen (N) levels (e.g., 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N/ha) and estimated responses on carbon (C) sequestration, and ecosystem functionality over a 10‐year study. The NT‐NG 50 N was used as a calibration dataset to accurately estimate the cotton lint yield with a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 21% and model efficiency of 0.3. The calibration data validated the effects of hairy vetch, winter wheat, and crimson clover under the NT‐50 N with NRMSE of 24%, 21%, and 25%, respectively. According to the scenario analysis, the 50 kg N/ha application with a single‐irrigation event (10‐cm depth) was most beneficial for maximizing the cotton yield with cover crop incorporation at the NT system over the long term. The effects of increasing cover crop biomass (i.e., double seed rate) on C content, regardless of N application rates, varied based on the relationship between the main and cover crop species. Besides, the furrow plow tillage system provided efficient C sequestration. The proposed approach stands to provide agricultural and environmental sustainability with the implementation of cover crop or crop residue incorporation instead of increased N application, seed rates, and irrigation events under NT practices.
Ethical challenges in the bioanthropological and biomedical investigation of Sicilian mummies—Past experience and future pathways
Authors: Piombino‐Mascali Dario , Squires Kirsty , Zink Albert
Published: May 2024

This article presents a multidisciplinary approach adopted in the Sicily mummy project, highlighting unique challenges and major ethical concerns inherent to the scientific study, conservation, and presentation of these mummies. Recognizing mummies as a distinct category of human remains, this paper argues for the development and application of specialized guidelines that address the intricate balance between scientific inquiry and respect for the cultural, religious, and mortuary practices that characterize the cultural context, in this case of Sicily. Through a transparent and collaborative dialogue among all stakeholders—including curators, clergy, scientists, and government officials—the project ensures the preservation of the mummies' dignity within their sacred spaces. The critical role of biological anthropologists is emphasized, alongside the contributions of clinical radiologists, pathologists, and qualified restorers, in constructing a comprehensive understanding of the mummies' biocultural significance. The paper advocates for a bioarchaeological strategy that advances scientific knowledge while safeguarding the mummies and respecting living communities. Additionally, we call for ethical rigor in scholarly publications and suggest future actions to protect this invaluable heritage. This approach not only preserves the dignity and integrity of the mummified remains but also enriches our understanding of past human societies.
Varieties of digitalisation? A comparison of employment services digitalisation in the UK and Australia
Authors: Ingold Jo , Forde Chris , Robertshaw David
Published: May 2024

This article examines the digitalisation of employment services in the UK and Australia, countries that have been on similar policy trajectories with respect to the development of quasi‐markets and increased digitalisation. The article deploys comparative mixed methods comprising surveys of employment service providers and interviews with providers and technology developers in both countries to analyse the extent of, forms and challenges around digitalisation across both countries. The survey data analysis suggested considerable similarities in the UK and Australia regarding the drivers of digitalisation and the tasks which were digitalised. However, the interview data highlighted some differences between the two countries, including the persistence of face‐to‐face delivery in the UK compared with accelerated digitalisation in Australia. In both countries, there were clear differing motivations between stakeholder communities (policymakers and developers), which providers had to negotiate.
Optimising flow without congestion using the venous‐arterial Doppler enhanced resuscitation framework
Authors: Kenny Jon‐Emile S , Rola Philippe
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Ultrasonography as a guide for intravenous (IV) fluid therapy is increasingly accepted within the spheres of acute care. Initial investigations and protocols often focused on measures of arterial flow as an objective approach for personalising organ ‘perfusion.’ More recently, and with literature associating excessive IV fluid with adverse outcomes, venous ultrasound as a measure of organ ‘congestion’ is taking hold. Yet, arterial (i.e., ‘perfusion’) and venous (i.e., ‘congestion’) Doppler ultrasound measures are often performed separately and can be time‐consuming, especially for novices.

Methods

We report a case, wherein venous and arterial Doppler were simultaneously measured using a wireless, wearable ultrasound as a means to optimise flow without congestion.

Results

Before IV volume expansion, the patient had Doppler measures consistent with low central venous pressure (CVP) and stroke volume (SV). Following IV volume expansion, venous Doppler remained the same; however, carotid corrected flow time (ccFT) increased significantly.

Conclusion

A framework for venous‐arterial Doppler enhanced resuscitation (VADER) can be used to guide IV volume in patients at risk for venous congestion.
The ophthalmologic crescent blade in endonasal surgery
Authors: Sbeih Firas , Ayoub Noel F. , Gass Valerie , Bleier Benjamin S.
Published: May 2024

Key points

The angled tip and small size of the crescent blade provide versatility for its use in a variety of endonasal procedures.

The crescent blade enables cutting along 180° from the tip, ensuring a tangential cut through the mucosa, which is important for flap viability.

The disposable nature of the blade ensures that it is always sharp, allowing for its use in mucosal and cartilaginous cuts.
Topical platelet‐rich plasma as a possible treatment for olfactory dysfunction—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Duffy Alexander , Naimi Bita , Garvey Emily , Hunter Stephanie , Kumar Ayan , Kahn Chase , Farquhar Douglas , D'Souza Glen , Rawson Nancy , Dalton Pamela , Toskala Elina , Rabinowitz Mindy , Rosen Marc , Nyquist Gurston , Rosen David
Published: May 2024

Background

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) affects many survivors of COVID‐19. Prior studies have investigated the use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injections for OD. We describe the first randomized controlled trial investigating topical PRP for OD treatment and contribute to existing literature illustrating PRP as an emerging therapeutic.

Methods

This is a single‐blinded, randomized controlled trial conducted from July 2022 to December 2023. Adult patients with OD ≥6 months secondary to COVID‐19 with Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) scores of ≤8/12 or SCENTinel odor intensity of ≤40/100 were included. Patients were randomized to three, monthly PRP or placebo‐impregnated Surgifoam treatments into bilateral olfactory clefts. The BSIT, SCENTinel, and Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders—Negative Statements (QOD‐NS) were completed monthly through month 12.

Results

Of 104 patients screened, 83 participated. No significant differences in age, OD duration, BSIT, SCENTinel, or QOD‐NS scores were found between PRP (n = 42) and placebo (n = 41) patients at baseline. PRP patients experienced a statistically significant increase in BSIT scores from baseline at months 5‒9, 11, and 12, while placebo patients did not (p < 0.05). However, total BSIT scores were similar between the two groups throughout the study. Neither the SCENTinel odor intensity scores nor the change from baseline were significantly different between the treatment groups. At month 12, PRP patients experienced minor improvement in OD‐related quality‐of‐life compared with placebo.

Conclusions

This study is the first to describe topical PRP as a safe, experimental treatment for OD in humans. PRP may impact odor identification in post‐COVID‐19 OD patients, although the lack of difference in total BSIT scores highlights the need for further study.
Identification of novel genes associated with atherosclerosis in Bama miniature pig
Authors: Ding Dengfeng , Zhao Yuqiong , Jia Yunxiao , Niu Miaomiao , Li Xuezhuang , Zheng Xinou , Chen Hua
Published: May 2024

Background

Atherosclerosis is a chronic cardiovascular disease of great concern. However, it is difficult to establish a direct connection between conventional small animal models and clinical practice. The pig's genome, physiology, and anatomy reflect human biology better than other laboratory animals, which is crucial for studying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Methods

We used whole‐genome sequencing data from nine Bama minipigs to perform a genome‐wide linkage analysis, and further used bioinformatic tools to filter and identify underlying candidate genes. Candidate gene function prediction was performed using the online prediction tool STRING 12.0. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of proteins encoded by candidate genes.

Results

We mapped differential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to genes and obtained a total of 102 differential genes, then we used GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis to identify four candidate genes, including SLA‐1, SLA‐2, SLA‐3, and TAP2. nsSNPs cause changes in the primary and tertiary structures of SLA‐I and TAP2 proteins, the primary structures of these two proteins have undergone amino acid changes, and the tertiary structures also show slight changes. In addition, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that the expression changes of TAP2 protein in coronary arteries showed a trend of increasing from the middle layer to the inner layer.

Conclusions

We have identified SLA‐I and TAP2 as potential susceptibility genes of atherosclerosis, highlighting the importance of antigen processing and immune response in atherogenesis.
Identification of mitophagy‐related biomarkers in osteoarthritis
Authors: Ruan Shiqiang , Tang Dongxu , Luo Yanfei , Song Hao
Published: May 2024

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease, and existing drugs cannot cure OA, so there is an urgent need to identify new targets. Mitophagy plays an important role in OA; however, the role of mitophagy in the OA immune system is not yet clear.

Methods

In this study, differential analysis and enrichment analysis were used to identify mitophagy‐related genes (MRGs) with differential expression in OA and the functional pathways involved in OA. Subsequently, two machine learning methods, RF and LASSO, were used to screen MRGs with diagnostic value and construct nomograms. At the same time, the relationship between mitophagy and OA immune response was explored by immunoinfiltration analysis.

Results

Forty‐three differentially MRGs were identified in OA, of which six MRGs (GABARAPL2, PARL, GABARAPL1, JUN, RRAS, and SNX7) were associated with the diagnosis of OA. The ROC analysis results show that these 6 MRGs have high predictive accuracy in the diagnosis of OA. In immune infiltration analysis, we found that the abundance of significantly different immune cells in OA was mostly upregulated. In addition, the expression of diagnostic‐related MRGs is correlated with changes in the abundance of immune cells in OA.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that six MRGs can be used as diagnostic biomarkers. The expression of diagnostic‐related MRGs is correlated with changes in the abundance of immune cells in OA. At the same time, mitophagy may affect the immune microenvironment of OA by regulating immune cells, ultimately leading to the progression of OA.
Disentangling Bradykinesia and Rigidity in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence from Short‐ and Long‐Term Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Zampogna Alessandro , Suppa Antonio , Bove Francesco , Cavallieri Francesco , Castrioto Anna , Meoni Sara , Pelissier Pierre , Schmitt Emmanuelle , Chabardes Stephan , Fraix Valerie , Moro Elena
Published: May 2024

Objective

Bradykinesia and rigidity are considered closely related motor signs in Parkinson disease (PD), but recent neurophysiological findings suggest distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. This study aims to examine and compare longitudinal changes in bradykinesia and rigidity in PD patients treated with bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS).

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, the clinical progression of appendicular and axial bradykinesia and rigidity was assessed up to 15 years after STN‐DBS in the best treatment conditions (ON medication and ON stimulation). The severity of bradykinesia and rigidity was examined using ad hoc composite scores from specific subitems of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor part (UPDRS‐III). Short‐ and long‐term predictors of bradykinesia and rigidity were analyzed through linear regression analysis, considering various preoperative demographic and clinical data, including disease duration and severity, phenotype, motor and cognitive scores (eg, frontal score), and medication.

Results

A total of 301 patients were examined before and 1 year after surgery. Among them, 101 and 56 individuals were also evaluated at 10‐year and 15‐year follow‐ups, respectively. Bradykinesia significantly worsened after surgery, especially in appendicular segments (p < 0.001). Conversely, rigidity showed sustained benefit, with unchanged clinical scores compared to preoperative assessment (p > 0.05). Preoperative motor disability (eg, composite scores from the UPDRS‐III) predicted short‐ and long‐term outcomes for both bradykinesia and rigidity (p < 0.01). Executive dysfunction was specifically linked to bradykinesia but not to rigidity (p < 0.05).

Interpretation

Bradykinesia and rigidity show long‐term divergent progression in PD following STN‐DBS and are associated with independent clinical factors, supporting the hypothesis of partially distinct pathophysiology. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:234–246
A BRD4‐Targeting Photothermal Agent for Controlled Protein Degradation
Authors: Shi Mingwan , Li Yuanyuan , Pan Wei , Fu Zhongliang , Wang Kaiye , Liu Xiaohan , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: May 2024

BRD4 protein plays a pivotal role in cell cycle regulation and differentiation. Disrupting the activity of BRD4 has emerged as a promising strategy for inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Herein, we introduced a BRD4‐targeting photothermal agent for controlled protein degradation, aiming to enhance low‐temperature photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancer treatment. By incorporating a BRD4 protein inhibitor into a cyanine dye scaffold, the photothermal agent specifically bond to the bromodomain of BRD4. Upon low power density laser irradiation, the agent induced protein degradation, directly destroying the BRD4 structure and inhibiting its transcriptional regulatory function. This strategy not only prolonged the retention time of the photothermal agent in cancer cells but also confined the targeted protein degradation process solely to the tumor tissue, minimizing side effects on normal tissues through the aid of exogenous signals. This work established a simple and feasible platform for future PTT agent design in clinical cancer treatment.
Surface‐Grafted Single‐Atomic Pt−Nx Complex with a Precisely Regulating Coordination Sphere for Efficient Electron Acceptor‐Inducing Interfacial Electron Transfer
Authors: Zhang Xinghao , Li Zhigang , Li Hanxi , Yang Di , Ren Zenghuan , Zhang Yinqiang , Zhang Jijie , Bu Xian‐He
Published: May 2024

Based on the electron‐withdrawing effect of the Pt(bpy)Cl2 molecule, a simple post‐modification amide reaction was firstly used to graft it onto the surface of NH2‐MIL‐125, which performed as a highly efficient electron acceptor that induced the conversion of the photoinduced charge migration pathway from internal BDC→TiOx migration to external BDC→PtNx migration, significantly improving the efficiency of photoinduced electron transfer and separation. Furthermore, precisely regulating over the first coordination sphere of Pt single atoms was achieved using further post‐modification with additional bipyridine to investigate the effect of Pt−Nx coordination numbers on reaction activity. The as‐synthesized NML‐PtN2 exhibited superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of 7.608 mmol g−1 h−1, a remarkable improvement of 225 and 2.26 times compared to pristine NH2‐MIL‐125 and NML‐PtN4, respectively. In addition, the superior apparent quantum yield of 4.01 % (390 nm) and turnover frequency of 190.3 h−1 (0.78 wt % Pt SA; 129 times compared to Pt nanoparticles/NML) revealed the high solar utilization efficiency and hydrogen evolution activity of the material. And macroscopic color changes caused by the transition of carrier migration paths was first observed. It holds profound significance for the design of MOF‐Molecule catalysts with efficient charge carrier separation and precise regulation of single‐atom coordination sphere.
Desymmetrization of Cyclic Sulfonimidamides by Asymmetric Allylation
Authors: Gutierrez David A. , Toth‐Williams Garrett , Laconsay Croix J. , Yasuda Michael , Fettinger James C. , Di Maso Michael J. , Shaw Jared T.
Published: May 2024

Herein we report the first transition metal‐catalyzed approach to the enantioenriched synthesis of cyclic sulfonimidamides relying on commercially available palladium catalysts and ligands. High‐throughput experimentation (HTE) was employed to identify the optimal catalyst system and solvent. The method is applied to a variety of saturated and unsaturated rings and exhibits the highest selectivity for 2‐substituted allyl electrophiles. The products are further elaborated to complex, tricyclic scaffolds. DFT experiments presented herein highlight the key ligand substrate interactions leading to the high levels of enantioselectivity.
Alkyl Chains Tune Molecular Orientations to Enable Dual Passivation in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Jian , Chen Jiujiang , Xie Lisha , Yang Shuncheng , Meng Yuanyuan , Li Minghui , Xiao Chuanxiao , Zhu Jintao , Do Hainam , Zhang Jiajia , Yang Mengjin , Ge Ziyi
Published: May 2024

Nonradiative recombination losses occurring at the interface pose a significant obstacle to achieve high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs), particularly in inverted PSCs. Passivating surface defects using molecules with different functional groups represents one of the key strategies for enhancing PSCs efficiency. However, a lack of insight into the passivation orientation of molecules on the surface is a challenge for rational molecular design. In this study, aminothiol hydrochlorides with different alkyl chains but identical electron‐donating (−SH) and electron‐withdrawing (−NH3+) groups were employed to investigate the interplay between molecular structure, orientation, and interaction on perovskite surface. The 2‐Aminoethane‐1‐thiol hydrochloride with shorter alkyl chains exhibited a preference of parallel orientations, which facilitating stronger interactions with the surface defects through strong coordination and hydrogen bonding. The resultant perovskite films following defect passivation demonstrate reduced ion migration, inhibition of nonradiative recombination, and more n‐type characteristics for efficient electron transfer. Consequently, an impressive power conversion efficiency of 25 % was achieved, maintaining 95 % of its initial efficiency after 500 hours of continuous maximum power point tracking.
Solar Azo‐Switches for Effective E→Z Photoisomerization by Sunlight
Authors: Zhang Zhao‐Yang , Dong Dongfang , Bösking Tom , Dang Tongtong , Liu Chunhao , Sun Wenjin , Xie Mingchen , Hecht Stefan , Li Tao
Published: May 2024

Natural photoactive systems have evolved to harness broad‐spectrum light from solar radiation for critical functions such as light perception and photosynthetic energy conversion. Molecular photoswitches, which undergo structural changes upon light absorption, are artificial photoactive tools widely used for developing photoresponsive systems and converting light energy. However, photoswitches generally need to be activated by light of specific narrow wavelength ranges for effective photoconversion, which limits their ability to directly work under sunlight and to efficiently harvest solar energy. Here, focusing on azo‐switches—the most extensively studied photoswitches, we demonstrate effective solar E→Z photoisomerization with photoconversions exceeding 80 % under unfiltered sunlight. These sunlight‐driven azo‐switches are developed by rendering the absorption of E isomers overwhelmingly stronger than that of Z isomers across a broad ultraviolet to visible spectrum. This unusual type of spectral profile is realized by a simple yet highly adjustable molecular design strategy, enabling the fine‐tuning of spectral window that extends light absorption beyond 600 nm. Notably, back‐photoconversion can be achieved without impairing the forward solar isomerization, resulting in unique light‐reversible solar switches. Such exceptional solar chemistry of photoswitches provides unprecedented opportunities for developing sustainable light‐driven systems and efficient solar energy technologies.
Boosting External Quantum Efficiency to 12.0 % of an Ultraviolet OLED by Engineering the Horizontal Dipole Orientation of a Hot Exciton Emitter
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhou Zhongxin , Liu Denghui , Chen Yichao , Zhang Shiyue , Pan Jie , Qiao Xianfeng , Ma Dongge , Su ShiJian , Zhu Weiguo , Liu Yu
Published: May 2024

Currently, much research effort has been devoted to improving the exciton utilization efficiency and narrowing the emission spectra of ultraviolet (UV) fluorophores for organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) applications, while almost no attention has been paid to optimizing their light out‐coupling efficiency. Here, we developed a linear donor‐acceptor‐donor (D–A–D) triad, namely CDFDB, which possesses high‐lying reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) property. Thanks to its integrated narrowband UV photoluminescence (PL) (λPL: 397 nm; FWHM: 48 nm), moderate PL quantum yield (ϕPL: 72 %, Tol), good triplet hot exciton (HE) conversion capability, and large horizontal dipole ratio (Θ//: 92 %), the OLEDs based on CDFDB not only can emit UV electroluminescence with relatively good color purity (λEL: 398 nm; CIEx,y: 0.161, 0.040), but also show a record maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 12.0 %. This study highlights the important role of horizontal dipole orientation engineering in the molecular design of HE UV‐OLED fluorophores.
Halloysite nanotubes immobilized by copper itaconic acid complexes as smoke suppressant for soft polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Huang Jiaju , Fan Ping , Jiang Junjiong , Han Yize
Published: May 2024

Currently, there are few reports of core–shell‐structured smoke suppressants that can provide a growth substrate and stabilize the char layer. In response to this problem, core–shell nanoparticles of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) coated with copper itaconate complex were prepared by layer‐by‐layer assembly method. The electrostatic forces between HNTs and copper ions and the coordination between the itaconic acid and copper ions contributed this synthesis. The micromorphology, chemical composition, and structure of HNT@CuC5H4O4 were characterized, and its effects on the flame‐retardant and smoke‐inhibition properties, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were investigated. The results showed that the core–shell structure of HNT@CuC5H4O4 contributed to its homogeneous dispersion in PVC and the formation of interlocking mesh structure. Thus, the incorporation of HNT@CuC5H4O4 enhanced the strength and stiffness of soft PVC without sacrificing its ductility. Besides, copper ions on HNT@CuC5H4O4 could promote the cross‐linking carbonization of the PVC at high temperature. The formed char layer catalyzed by CuC5H4O4, together with its attached three‐dimensional network structure of HNT constituted a compact and continuous char layer with high thermal stability, which effectively prevented the release of combustible volatiles and toxic gases as well as heat transfer.
Synergistic flame retardancy of aluminum diethylphosphinate and piperazine pyrophosphate/β‐cyclodextrin in polylactic acid
Authors: Hu Yan , Wang YaChao , Lai MengYao , Xue YangQian , Zhao JiangPing
Published: May 2024

Polylactic acid has good biodegradability and processability, but its flammability and serious droplet characteristics limit its development and application. Therefore, developing safer flame‐retardant PLA materials is crucial. This research develops a novel flame‐retardant polylactic acid (PLA) material blend, utilizing aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi), piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP), and β‐cyclodextrin. Optimal synergy occurs at a 5:1 PAPP/β‐CD mass ratio with 4 wt.% AlPi. This combination significantly reduces the heat release peak from 294.89 to 144.21 kW·m−2 and generates non‐combustible residues. The sample forms a stable, uniform carbon layer during combustion due to hydrogen bond crosslinking and Lewis acid–base reactions. The activation energy (Eα) is raised from 264.99 to 281.08 kJ·mol−1 between 312 and 402°C. Thus, an AlPi‐PAPP‐β‐CD based P‐C‐N composite flame retardant is investigated, offering a promising research direction for developing fire‐safe polylactic acid materials. This research may yield valuable insights for diverse applications.
Upgrading event driven Monte Carlo simulations for molecule‐based morphological control for battery and sensor applications
Authors: Marien Yoshi W. , Zhou Maofan , Edeleva Mariya , D'hooge Dagmar R.
Published: May 2024

Multiphase polymeric materials and applications play a prominent role in our society. One of the key challenges is the design and modification of their macromolecules so that the composition and structuring of the phases as well as the interactions between them can be controlled from the molecular scale onwards. In the present contribution, it is highlighted that more recently developed event driven (kinetic) Monte Carlo models provide an interesting framework to grasp molecular variations over various length scales. The strength lies in the tracking of individual molecules per phase of interest so that interphase transfer events can be sampled based on the distributed nature of the (macro)molecules present. Hence, the micro‐scale of local concentrations and temperatures can be connected to the meso‐scale defining interphase transport and morphological variations, with an additional connection to the macro‐ or application scale within reach by adding macro‐scale transfer events to the overall sampling scheme. Starting from a benchmark coupled matrix based Monte Carlo (CMMC) study on the multiphase formation of engineering composites which explicitly acknowledges the type of (macro)molecules present in each phase, it is showcased that the CMMC framework can support the general field of energy and electronics applications. This is highlighted through (i) a case study devoted to the design of polymer electrolytes for batteries, and (ii) a case study on blend design for the regulated stretching of piezoresistive sensors.
Conserving Freshwater Ecosystems in India: A call to action
Authors: Arora R. , Balachander T. , Agrawal I. , Panda R. , Gupta D. , Kasturirangan A. , Vencatesan J. , Sivakumar K. , Kumar R. , Mathur V.B. , Chokkakula S. , Lal T. , Kaushal N. , Babu S. , Kiesecker J.
Published: May 2024

India boasts of a vast freshwater resource network (rivers, wetlands, and groundwater), which has unique ecological, social and economic values associated with it. Despite their importance for both people and biodiversity, its freshwater ecosystems (FWEs) are heavily impacted through multiple factors such as pollution, overexploitation, habitat loss/modification and climate change. India is also among the hotspots of water resource overuse that has caused a serious decline in freshwater availability.

Given that healthy FWEs lie at the centre for supporting the country's ecology, health, economy, livelihoods and ultimately achieving multiple policy goals, it is crucial that holistic and focused efforts are made to protect, conserve, and restore all types of FWEs.

We call for an urgent and a greater focus on implementing conservation actions for FWEs in India and suggest the following strategy to enhance focus on their conservation: (1) establishing a shared freshwater conservation vision at a national scale, (2) developing and including national freshwater conservation goals within global efforts, (3) conducting simultaneous conservation action planning at regional scales and (4) bridge planning to implementation gap by strengthening key enabling conditions: i) mainstream FWE conservation within key existing governance instruments, ii) secure sustainable conservation funding, iii) improve data access and knowledge translation; iv) create national awareness around importance of FWEs; v) facilitate collaboration among key actors.
Selective detection of azelnidipine in pharmaceuticals via carbon dot mediated spectrofluorimetric method: A green approach
Authors: Lodha Sandesh R. , Gore Anil H. , Merchant Jesika G. , Pillai Arya J. , Patel Hetal P. , Maulvi Furqan A. , Patil Pravin O. , Kalyankar Gajanan G. , Joshi Shrikant V. , Patel Paresh N. , Shah Shailesh A. , Shah Dinesh R.
Published: May 2024

A spectrofluorimetric method using fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) was developed for the selective detection of azelnidipine (AZEL) pharmaceutical in the presence of other drugs. In this study, N‐doped CDs (N‐CDs) were synthesized through a single‐step hydrothermal process, using citric acid and urea as precursor materials. The prepared N‐CDs showed a highly intense blue fluorescence emission at 447 nm, with a photoluminescence quantum yield of ~21.15% and a fluorescence lifetime of 0.47 ns. The N‐CDs showed selective fluorescence quenching in the presence of all three antihypertensive drugs, which was used as a successful detection platform for the analysis of AZEL. The photophysical properties, UV–vis light absorbance, fluorescence emission, and lifetime measurements support the interaction between N‐CDs and AZEL, leading to fluorescence quenching of N‐CDs as a result of ground‐state complex formation followed by a static fluorescence quenching phenomenon. The detection platform showed linearity in the range 10–200 μg/ml (R2 = 0.9837). The developed method was effectively utilized for the quantitative analysis of AZEL in commercially available pharmaceutical tablets, yielding results that closely align with those obtained from the standard method (UV spectroscopy). With a score of 0.76 on the ‘Analytical GREEnness (AGREE)’ scale, the developed analytical method, incorporating 12 distinct green analytical chemistry components, stands out as an important technique for estimating AZEL.