bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principals between exploitation and exploration: Results of a nationwide study on ambidexterity of school leaders
Authors: Pietsch Marcus , Tulowitzki Pierre , Cramer Colin
Published: August 2020

Both organizational and management research suggest that schools and their leaders need to be ambidextrous to secure prosperity and long-term survival in dynamic environments characterized by competition and innovation. In this context, ambidexterity refers to the ability to simultaneously pursue exploitation and exploration and thus to deliver efficiency, control and incremental improvements while embracing flexibility, autonomy and discontinuous innovation. Using a unique, randomized and representative data set of N = 405 principals, we present findings on principals’ exploitation and exploration. The results indicate: (a) that principals engage far more often in exploitative than in explorative activities; (b) that exploitative activities in schools are executed at the expense of explorative activities; and (c) that explorative and ambidextrous activities of principals are positively associated with the (perceived) competition between schools. The study brings a novel perspective to educational research and demonstrates that applying the concept of ambidexterity has the potential to further our understanding of effective educational leadership and management.
De-colonizing the political ontology of Kantian ethics: A quantum perspective
Authors: Zanotti Laura
Published: August 2020

This article explores the relevance of ontological assumptions for justifications of agency and ethics. It critiques Kantian ethics for being based upon an ontological imaginary that starts from the substantialism of Newtonian physics. Substantialism shapes Western political philosophy’s view about who we are as subjects and how the world works. In this ontological imaginary, validation of ethics is based upon universality and abstractions. Furthermore, Kantian ethics underscores an anthropocentric and theocratic vision of how to govern societies. I argue Kantian criteria are not only insufficient to make good choices but are also conducive to wrong ones, since they elicit self-appeasement in international intervention, and contribute to the conceptual repertoire of coloniality. I propose that an ontology of entanglements opens possibilities for overcoming the shortcomings of an ethos based upon abstractions and possibly for correcting some of its moral failures. In a quantum ontological imaginary, the validation of ethical choices relies instead upon the exploration of the apparatuses we deploy, as well as upon careful situational evaluation. Specific practices, rather than an abstract humanity, are the referents for devising such ethos. This position, I argue, resonates with the critical project of decoloniality and its acknowledgment of the political salience of ontological imaginaries.
The impact of pre-operative biologic therapy on post-operative surgical outcomes in ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zanelli Jasmine , Chandrapalan Subashini , Patel Abhilasha , Arasaradnam Ramesh P.
Published: August 2020

Background and aims:

Biologic therapy has emerged as an effective modality amongst the medical treatment options available for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, its impact on post-operative care in patients with UC is still debatable. This review evaluates the risk of post-operative complications following biologic treatment in patients with UC.

Methods:

A systematic search of the relevant databases was conducted with the aim of identifying studies that compared the post-operative complication rates of UC patients who were either exposed or not exposed to a biologic therapy prior to their surgery. Outcomes of interest included both infection-related complications and overall surgical morbidity. Pooled odds-ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Review Manager 5.3.

Results:

In all, 20 studies, reviewing a total of 12,494 patients with UC, were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, 2254 patients were exposed to a biologic therapy prior to surgery. The pooled ORs for infection-related complications ( n = 8067) and overall complications ( n = 11,869) were 0.98 (95% CI 0.66–1.45) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.04–1.28), respectively, which suggested that there was no significant association between the use of pre-operative biologic therapy and post-operative complications. Interestingly, the interval between the last dose of biologic therapy and surgery did not influence the risk of having a post-operative infection.

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis suggests that pre-operative biologic therapy does not increase the overall risk of having post-operative infection-related or other complications. PROSPERO registration id-CRD42019141827.
Microvascular density assessed by CD31 predicts clinical benefit upon bevacizumab treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer: results of the PassionATE study, a translational prospective Phase II study of capecitabine and irinotecan plus bevacizumab followed by capecitabine and oxaliplatin plus bevacizumab or the reverse sequence in patients in mCRC
Authors: Bianconi Daniela , Herac Merima , Posch Florian , Schmeidl Margit , Unseld Matthias , Kieler Markus , Brettner Robert , Müllauer Leonhard , Riedl Jakob , Gerger Armin , Scheithauer Werner , Prager Gerald
Published: August 2020

Background:

Targeted therapies offer novel opportunities to explore biomarkers based on their mode of action. Taking this into consideration, we evaluated six angiogenesis-related proteins as potential predictive biomarkers, which expression might predict the benefit of bevacizumab treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Methods:

This was a phase II multicenter, two-armed, randomized study, in which patients with mCRC were treated with XELIRI (capecitabine and irinotecan) plus bevacizumab followed by XELOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) plus bevacizumab (Arm A) or the reverse sequence (Arm B). Tissue expression level of six prespecified candidates [microvessel density assessed by CD31, PTEN, αV integrin, CD98hc, uPAR and NRP-1] was analyzed via immunohistochemistry. The prognostic impact on survival was quantified using the Cox regression model. The predictive potential for benefit from Arm A versus Arm B treatment was investigated by fitting an interaction between the biomarkers and treatment assignment within a multivariable Cox model.

Results:

In total, 74 out of 126 patients were included in the analysis. The expression of PTEN, αV integrin, uPAR and NRP-1 was not associated with progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). For the first time, we identified that patients with tumors expressing CD98hc had a longer PFS than patients without CD98hc-expression ( p = 0.032). More importantly, and in accordance with previous studies, low microvessel density was found to be associated with a reduced PFS [adjusted HR per doubling of CD31-expression ( p = 0.53, 95% confidence interval: 0.30–0.95, p = 0.034)].

Conclusions:

These results can contribute to the development of a personalized strategy for the treatment of mCRC with bevacizumab.
Essential Oil Compositions, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Nigerian Members of the Burseraceae: Boswellia dalzielii and Canarium schweinfurthii
Authors: Owolabi Moses S. , Ogundajo Akintayo , Solomon Balogun Olaoye , Olatunde Logunleko , Dosoky Noura S. , Setzer William N.
Published: August 2020

The Burseraceae is an important family of resin-producing trees and shrubs, which have yielded biologically active essential oils. Boswellia dalzielii and Canarium schweinfurthii are members of the family that are used in West African traditional medicine for a variety of ailments. The leaf essential oils of B. dalzielii have been obtained from 2 different locations in north-central Nigeria, while the leaf and stem bark essential oils of C. schweinfurthii have been obtained from 3 locations. The chemical compositions of the essential oils have been determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and show wide variation, especially for the leaf essential oils. The leaf essential oils of B. dalzielii and C. schweinfurthii have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity; C. schweinfurthii leaf essential oil showed remarkable activity against Aspergillus niger with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 78.1 μg/mL.
Water-Soluble Glycosylated Resveratrol for Measuring Residual Dipolar Coupling in NMR
Authors: Hamada Hiroki , Yanagi Masayoshi , Shimoda Kei , Uchida Noriyuki
Published: August 2020

Residual dipolar coupling (RDC) is a newly emerging technique for obtaining more precise conformational features of molecules in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which can be observed when the molecules are oriented in NMR sample solutions. Unlike the case of solubilization of resveratrol (Res) in aqueous media by surfactants, multiglycosylated resveratrol (GlyRes) was dispersed in aqueous media forming nanoparticles with an extremely small size. In the presence of an NMR alignment medium of bacteriophage, GlyRes molecules were efficiently oriented in the strong magnetic field allowing for observations of RDCs in NMR. Structural refinement using the observed RDC values enabled differentiation of trans and cis forms of Res.
Effects of Foot Strike Techniques on Running Biomechanics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Yilin , Yuan Peng , Wang Ran , Wang Dan , Liu Jia , Zhou Hui
Published: August 2020

Content:

Distance running is one of the most popular physical activities, and running-related injuries (RRIs) are also common. Foot strike patterns have been suggested to affect biomechanical variables related to RRI risks.

Objective:

To determine the effects of foot strike techniques on running biomechanics.

Data Sources:

The databases of Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and EBSCO were searched from database inception through November 2018.

Study Selection:

The initial electronic search found 723 studies. Of these, 26 studies with a total of 472 participants were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

Means, standard deviations, and sample sizes were extracted from the eligible studies, and the standard mean differences (SMDs) were obtained for biomechanical variables between forefoot strike (FFS) and rearfoot strike (RFS) groups using a random-effects model.

Results:

FFS showed significantly smaller magnitude (SMD, −1.84; 95% CI, −2.29 to −1.38; P < 0.001) and loading rate (mean: SMD, −2.1; 95% CI, −3.18 to −1.01; P < 0.001; peak: SMD, −1.77; 95% CI, −2.21 to −1.33; P < 0.001) of impact force, ankle stiffness (SMD, −1.69; 95% CI, −2.46 to −0.92; P < 0.001), knee extension moment (SMD, −0.64; 95% CI, −0.98 to −0.3; P < 0.001), knee eccentric power (SMD, −2.03; 95% CI, −2.51 to −1.54; P < 0.001), knee negative work (SMD, −1.56; 95% CI, −2.11 to −1.00; P < 0.001), and patellofemoral joint stress (peak: SMD, −0.71; 95% CI, −1.28 to −0.14; P = 0.01; integral: SMD, −0.63; 95% CI, −1.11 to −0.15; P = 0.01) compared with RFS. However, FFS significantly increased ankle plantarflexion moment (SMD, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.96; P < 0.001), eccentric power (SMD, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.08; P < 0.001), negative work (SMD, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.02 to 4.18; P = 0.001), and axial contact force (SMD, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.6; P < 0.001) compared with RFS.

Conclusion:

Running with RFS imposed higher biomechanical loads on overall ground impact and knee and patellofemoral joints, whereas FFS imposed higher biomechanical loads on the ankle joint and Achilles tendon. The modification of strike techniques may affect the specific biomechanical loads experienced on relevant structures or tissues during running.
Guilt Enhances the Persuasive Effects of Injunctive But Not Descriptive Social Norms
Authors: Jacobson Ryan P. , Jacobson Kathryn J. L. , Reid Allecia E.
Published: August 2020

The focus theory of normative conduct asserts that distinct processes are involved in responding to injunctive norms versus descriptive norms. This research tested the prediction that guilt would be more strongly involved in motivating conformity to injunctive than descriptive norms. Study 1 demonstrates that people anticipate feeling guiltier following injunctive than descriptive norm violations. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrate that guilt proneness and state-level guilt enhance the persuasiveness of messages framed with injunctive norms but not control-framed or descriptive norm–framed messages. Finally, Study 4 shows that a guilt-arousing public service announcement is more effective if framed using an injunctive norm than a descriptive norm or a control message. These results augment understanding of the different ways that injunctive and descriptive norms influence behavior and have applied implications for social norms marketing interventions.
Association between change in cardiorespiratory fitness and incident hypertension in Swedish adults
Authors: Holmlund Tobias , Ekblom Björn , Börjesson Mats , Andersson Gunnar , Wallin Peter , Ekblom-Bak Elin
Published: August 2020

Aims

To explore how change in cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with incident hypertension in adults, and whether the association varies between sex, age, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline and follow-up time. A second aim is to study how change in other lifestyle-related variables affects the results.

Methods

A total of 91,728 participants (48% women), normotensive at baseline, with two examinations from occupational health service screenings between 1982 and 2019 (mean duration 4.3 years) were included. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed as estimated maximal oxygen consumption using submaximal cycle testing. Change in cardiorespiratory fitness was expressed as the percentage change per year. Incident hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or greater or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or greater, or self-reported physician-diagnosed hypertension, at second examination.

Results

A large increase (≥3% annual change) in cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a 11% lower risk of incident hypertension compared with maintainers (–1 to +1%), after multi-adjustment including change in smoking, body mass index, diet, stress and exercise habits. On the contrary, a small (–1 to −<3%) and large (≥–3%) decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness associated with a 21% and 25% higher risk compared with maintainers. Longer duration between the examinations was associated with stronger risk associations. Preserving, or changing to, risk level for the other lifestyle variables was associated with a higher risk of incident hypertension. However, a simultaneous maintenance of or increase in cardiorespiratory fitness attenuated the risk associated with smoking, and stress.

Conclusion

Preserving or increasing cardiorespiratory fitness should be part of any long-term strategy to decrease the risk of incident hypertension.
Clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices of adolescents in Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Folake Barakat , Oke Gbemisola Aderemi
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

The institution of appropriate oral health promotion programs targeted at adolescents in schools in developing countries requires baseline information on their oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices as well as associated factors influencing it, which are unknown. This study assessed clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices of adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods:

Two-thousand and ninety-seven students aged 12–18 years were recruited from 30 randomly selected secondary schools in a cross-sectional study conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were obtained through a questionnaire on oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices, and sociodemographic characteristics. Oral examination was conducted to assess the clinical oral condition of the adolescents. Data were analyzed with SPSS. The higher the percentage scores, the better the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices, and overall awareness of oral health.

Results:

The oral health knowledge score ranged from 0% to 60%; mean oral health knowledge score was 15.1% (±6.6%). The oral health attitude score ranged from 0% to 91.3%; mean oral health attitude score was 44.5% (±14.3%). The oral health practices score ranged from 0% to 88.9%, and mean oral health practices score was 42.5% (±13.8%). The mean oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices score was 43.8% (±11.4%). A total of 1537 (73.3%) participants had unhealthy periodontium and 98 (4.7%) had dental caries. Students who were 12–15 years (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.4–2.0, p < 0.001), females (odds ratio = 1.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.0–1.5, p = 0.024), offspring of skilled workers (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.1–2.0, p = 0.010), previously educated about oral health (odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.0–1.7, p = 0.023), consulted the dentist (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.2–3.1, p = 0.009), or had unhealthy periodontal condition (odds ratio = 1.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.0–1.5, p = 0.042) were more likely to have higher oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices scores or awareness than others.

Conclusion:

Better knowledge, attitude, and practices score was associated with younger age group, higher occupational class, previous oral health education, dental consultation, and having unhealthy periodontal condition.
Availability and reimbursement of biological products for severe asthma in Bulgaria
Authors: Milushewa Petya , Doneva Miglena , Petrova Guenka
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

This study aims to analyze the reimbursement and cost of biological therapy for severe asthma in Bulgaria during 2014–2019 from the perspective of the National Health Insurance Fund.

Methods:

It is a retrospective, Marco-costing, top-down study of the expenditures for biological products for severe asthma. The changes in the cost paid by the National Health Insurance Fund per year, per product, and per patient during 2015–2020 were systematized and calculated. The utilization of biologicals was analyzed by calculating the defined daily dose/1000inh/day. Three databases were searched—the European Medicines Agency for the date of marketing authorization of biological products, National Council of Prices and Reimbursement for the date of their respective inclusion in the positive drug list, and National Health Insurance Fund about the number of patients with asthma, reimbursed sum for all asthma patients, and number of packages sold of biological products.

Results:

At the end of 2019, five international non-proprietary names of biologicals with indication for severe asthma had received European marketing authorization, and three of them were included in the Bulgarian positive drug list—omalizumab, mepolizumab, and benralizumab with a 75% reimbursement. Upon their introduction into the positive drug list, the reimbursed expenditures for asthma therapy started to increase from 27 million in 2014 to 33 million BGN in 2019 (€13.5–€16.5 million). The cost of therapy with biologicals rose from 16% to 24% of all anti-asthmatic medicines budget. The National Health Insurance Fund database reported that between 47,000 and 52,000 of patients with asthma, 466 are on biological therapy. The yearly cost of one asthma patient ranges between 512 and 615 BGN (€258–€307), and the yearly per-patient cost of severe asthma is 16,666 BGN (appr. €8333). Total utilization in defined daily dose/1000inh/day increases from 0.0199 to 0.0383 from 2015 to 2019.

Conclusion:

The access to biological therapy through the reimbursement system has improved during the last 3 years. The cost of therapy is posing a high burden on the National Health Insurance Fund and on the patients and is expected to increase due to the small number of patients on biological therapy currently in comparison to all reimbursed asthmatics.
Using Performance (with Audience Participation) to Help Translators Discern Ambiguity in Texts: An Empirical Study Based on the Book of Ruth
Authors: Dickie June F.
Published: August 2020

Written text often has ambiguities or “gaps,” requiring readers to bring their own experience into making sense of the story (in line with reception theory). Translators need to be able to identify such gaps, determine if they are intentional or not, and then decide how best to deal with them in translation. In this study, oral performance of a text is used, with audience participation, to discern ambiguities and gaps. Two groups in South Africa present a performance of the book of Ruth to three audiences. A jester questions the audience, at particular points in the story, as to their perceptions of characters’ moods or motivations. The book of Ruth, being largely dialogue, lends itself to dramatic performance, but the methodology could be applied to any text, with enlightening results. The approach shows that by imagining texts as performances, translators can become more aware of ambiguities and decide how they should be treated.
Designing for human rights in AI
Authors: Aizenberg Evgeni , van den Hoven Jeroen
Published: August 2020

In the age of Big Data, companies and governments are increasingly using algorithms to inform hiring decisions, employee management, policing, credit scoring, insurance pricing, and many more aspects of our lives. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can help us make evidence-driven, efficient decisions, but can also confront us with unjustified, discriminatory decisions wrongly assumed to be accurate because they are made automatically and quantitatively. It is becoming evident that these technological developments are consequential to people’s fundamental human rights. Despite increasing attention to these urgent challenges in recent years, technical solutions to these complex socio-ethical problems are often developed without empirical study of societal context and the critical input of societal stakeholders who are impacted by the technology. On the other hand, calls for more ethically and socially aware AI often fail to provide answers for how to proceed beyond stressing the importance of transparency, explainability, and fairness. Bridging these socio-technical gaps and the deep divide between abstract value language and design requirements is essential to facilitate nuanced, context-dependent design choices that will support moral and social values. In this paper, we bridge this divide through the framework of Design for Values, drawing on methodologies of Value Sensitive Design and Participatory Design to present a roadmap for proactively engaging societal stakeholders to translate fundamental human rights into context-dependent design requirements through a structured, inclusive, and transparent process.
Establishing the foundational elements of a public procurement body of knowledge
Authors: McCue Clifford P , Prier Eric , Steinfeld Joshua M
Published: August 2020

Public procurement scholars have been striving to identify technical and behavioral competencies to drive toward professionalization. However, there is no vetted body of knowledge that practitioners and scholars can use to establish roles and responsibilities. This empirical study outlines a logical process to identify the foundational elements of the body of knowledge, specifically technical competencies, serving as the building blocks for advancement toward a recognized profession. Findings suggest that 87 job tasks can be classified under 6 job domains that contain many of the components and conceptual constructs for the field of public procurement. These domains can improve understanding of the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary in public administration.
Nursing interventions in intensive care unit patients with breathing difficulties: A scoping review of the evidence
Authors: Slang Renate , Finsrud Lene T. , Olsen Brita F.
Published: August 2020

For patients in intensive care units, long periods of bed rest and restricted physical activity can result in adverse side effects. One of the conditions many patients experience during intensive care unit stays is breathing difficulty. Here, we aimed to identify and evaluate the evidence base for nonpharmacological or nontechnical interventions targeting breathing difficulties, and to propose interventions needing further investigations. This study is reported in accordance with PRISMA for Scoping Reviews. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane. A scoping review was undertaken using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. In all, 1190 records were found and 27 of them were included in the review. Interventions targeting breathing difficulties were chest physiotherapy, breathing techniques, inspiratory muscle training, early exercise training, position-specific optimization, and other nonpharmacological interventions. Several of the interventions showed minor beneficial effects. However, because of limitations in the studies, the findings are inconclusive and need further research.
Effect of Meditation on Social/Emotional Well-Being in a High-Performing High School
Authors: Bleasdale Jane E. , Peterson Margaret C. , Nidich Sanford
Published: August 2020

This study explored the impact of a meditation program on stress, anxiety, and depression in a high-performing high school. Using a randomized controlled design with 52 students, the study took place over 4 months. Students participated in Transcendental Meditation (treatment) or silent reading (active control) twice daily. We observed significant reductions in perceived stress ( p = .040), anxiety ( p = .028), anger ( p = .047), depression ( p = .024), and fatigue ( p = .075), and improvement in self-esteem ( p = .054). The program has important implications for school counselors because of the impact on social/emotional well-being.
The Role of School Counselors Delivering a Trauma-Informed Care Approach to Supporting Youth in Foster Care
Authors: Martinez Robert R. , Gavin Williams Regina , Green Jennifer
Published: August 2020

Through the development and implementation of a trauma-sensitive comprehensive school counseling program, school counselors can be essential in meeting the mental health needs of youth in foster care. The multitiered systems of support (MTSS) framework is one potential strategy in achieving this goal. We offer recommendations on how school counselors might deliver a trauma-informed care approach utilizing the MTSS framework to support the mental health needs of youth in foster care who have experienced trauma.
Health Promotion for Small Workplaces: A Community-Based Participatory Research Partnership
Authors: Fetherman Debra L. , McGrane Timothy G. , Cebrick-Grossman Joan
Published: August 2020

Background

The majority of U.S. worksites are smaller worksites that often employ low-wage workers. Low-wage workers have limited access to, and participation in, workplace health promotion programs. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been identified as a key method to directly engage employers in identifying the health promotion needs of smaller workplaces. This article describes a four-phased process where CBPR was used to tailor a workplace health promotion program to meet the needs of a smaller workplace that employees low-wage workers. Outcomes of this program were measured and reported over time.

Methods

The CBPR approach was based on the Social Ecological Model along with two additional health promotion models. Publicly available evidence-based tools were also used for this four-phased process which included the following: (a) initial program assessment, (b) program planning, (c) program implementation, and (d) program evaluation. Key strategies for developing a comprehensive workplace health promotion program guided the process.

Findings

The workplace’s capacity for promoting health among its employees was improved. There were sustainable improvements in the health interventions and organizational supports in place.

Conclusion/Application to Practice

A CBPR approach may be a way to build the capacity of smaller workplaces with low-wage employees to address the health promotion needs of their workforces. The use of publicly available strategies and tools which incorporate the social ecological determinants of health is of equal importance.
The effects of shoe collar height on ankle sprain mechanics in athletes: A review of literature
Authors: Lai Jojo Hoi-Ching , Ling Samuel KK , Cacho Patrick , Mok SW , Yung Patrick SH
Published: August 2020

Background:

Our aim was to conduct a review to summarize the existing information regarding the effects of shoe collar height in altering ankle sprain mechanics in athletes.

Methods:

A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus was conducted in September 2019.

Results:

There were 10 studies published from 1993 to 2019 that were included. Most studies showed high-top shoes limited ankle sprain kinematics and increased resistance to inversion moment in static but not dynamic testing. High-top shoes were associated with delayed pre-landing ankle evertor muscle activation and smaller electromyography amplitudes.

Conclusions:

There is currently weak evidence to support that high-top shoes can limit ankle sprain kinematics in dynamic testing. Further studies with more consistent study interventions and outcome variables are needed to definitively establish the effects of shoe collar height on ankle sprain mechanics in athletes.

The Translational Potential of this Article:

Multiple studies on the effects of shoe collar height and ankle sprain mechanics have been performed but there is a lack of consistency in terms of study design, intervention, and outcome measures. A formal systematic review and meta-analysis were not applicable due to the heterogeneity of studies, and mixed results from these studies can be confusing to interpret, making further research on this topic difficult as a result of lack of future direction. We summarized the existing literature on this topic to provide a clearer picture and guide future research on this controversial matter.
Perception of One’s Own Voice After Hearing-Aid Fitting for Naive Hearing-Aid Users and Hearing-Aid Refitting for Experienced Hearing-Aid Users
Authors: Hengen Johanna , Hammarström Inger L. , Stenfelt Stefan
Published: August 2020

Dissatisfaction with the sound of one’s own voice is common among hearing-aid users. Little is known regarding how hearing impairment and hearing aids separately affect own-voice perception. This study examined own-voice perception and associated issues before and after a hearing-aid fitting for new hearing-aid users and refitting for experienced users to investigate whether it was possible to differentiate between the effect of (unaided) hearing impairment and hearing aids. Further aims were to investigate whether First-Time and Experienced users as well as users with dome and mold inserts differed in the severity of own-voice problems. The study had a cohort design with three groups: First-Time hearing-aid users going from unaided to aided hearing ( n = 70), Experienced hearing-aid users replacing their old hearing aids ( n = 70), and an unaided control group ( n = 70). The control group was surveyed once and the hearing-aid users twice; once before hearing-aid fitting/refitting and once after. The results demonstrated that own-voice problems are common among both First-Time and Experienced hearing-aid users with either dome- or mold-type fittings, while people with near-normal hearing and not using hearing aids report few problems. Hearing aids increased ratings of own-voice problems among First-Time users, particularly those with mold inserts. The results suggest that altered auditory feedback through unaided hearing impairment or through hearing aids is likely both to change own-voice perception and complicate regulation of vocal intensity, but hearing aids are the primary reason for poor perceived sound quality of one’s own voice.
Evaluation of pedestrian navigation in Smart Cities
Authors: Stähli Lisa , Giannopoulos Ioannis , Raubal Martin
Published: August 2020

This work addresses recent research in the area of pedestrian navigation aids that aims at finding alternatives to the widely used map-based turn-by-turn navigation systems in the context of Smart City environments. Four different approaches of pedestrian navigation systems were compared to each other in a user experiment that was conducted in a virtual environment: (1) map-based, (2) landmark-based, (3) augmented reality, and (4) public display navigation. The results of the experiment with 45 participants conducted in a virtual environment suggest that the augmented reality navigation performs best concerning efficiency and effectiveness and the landmark-based navigation performs worst in the context of Smart Cities.
Potential impact of earthquakes during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Silva Vitor , Paul Nicole
Published: August 2020

The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic caused a human and economic impact of unprecedented magnitude in contemporary history. In an effort to reduce the rate of infection, most governments implemented measures to increase social distancing and to strengthen the capacity of the healthcare system. The occurrence of earthquakes coincident with the pandemic may prevent the effective practice of such measures, and consequently cause an increase in the virus spread. This study analyzes the potential impact that seismic events may have on the infection rate within regions afflicted by both epidemics and earthquakes and explores open software packages that can be employed to simulate the impact of future destructive earthquakes on the spread of an emerging virus. Recent data on the number of confirmed cases at the national or subnational level were combined with a global seismic hazard and risk map to produce a combined index. This index highlights regions where preparedness and contingency plans should be developed to account for the possibility of COVID-19 outbreaks due to the earthquake impact.
Correction to: CDSnake: Snakemake pipeline for retrieval of annotated OTUs from paired-end reads using CD-HIT utilities
Authors: Kondratenko Yulia , Korobeynikov Anton , Lapidus Alla
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Early shell field morphogenesis of a patellogastropod mollusk predominantly relies on cell movement and F-actin dynamics
Authors: Yang Weihong , Huan Pin , Liu Baozhong
Published: August 2020

Background

The morphogenesis of the shell field is an essential step of molluscan shell formation, which exhibits both conserved features and interlineage variations. As one major gastropod lineage, the patellogastropods show different characters in its shell field morphogenesis compared to other gastropods (e.g., the pulmonate gastropodLymnaea stagnalis), likely related to its epibolic gastrulation. The investigation on the shell field morphogenesis of patellogastropods would be useful to reveal the lineage-specific characters in the process and explore the deep conservation among different molluscan lineages.

Results

We investigated the early shell field morphogenesis in the patellogastropodLottia goshimaiusing multiple techniques. Electron microscopy revealed distinct morphological characters for the central and peripheral cells of the characteristic rosette-like shell field. Gene expression analysis and F-actin staining suggested that the shell field morphogenesis in this species predominantly relied on cell movement and F-actin dynamics, while BrdU assay revealed that cell proliferation contributed little to the process. We found constant contacts between ectodermal and meso/endodermal tissues during the early stages of shell field morphogenesis, which did not support the induction of shell field by endodermal tissues in general, but a potential stage-specific induction was indicated.

Conclusions

Our results emphasize the roles of cell movement and F-actin dynamics during the morphogenesis of the shell field inLo. goshimai, and suggest potential regulators such as diffusible factors and F-actin modulators. These findings reflect the differences in shell field morphogenesis of different gastropods, and add to the knowledge of molluscan larval shell formation.
Different subtypes of collateral vessels in hemorrhagic moyamoya disease with p.R4810K variant
Authors: Ge Peicong , Zhang Qian , Ye Xun , Liu Xingju , Deng Xiaofeng , Wang Jia , Wang Rong , Zhang Yan , Zhang Dong , Zhao Jizong
Published: August 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the hemorrhgic sites and collateral vessels in hemorrhagic MMD with the p.R4810K variant.

Methods

Hemorrhage sites were classified as either anterior or posterior. Collateral vessels were classified into three subtypes according to origin: lenticulostriate anastomosis, thalamic anastomosis, and choroidal anastomosis. Hemorrhage sites and collateral vessels were compared between patients with wild-type p.R4810K variant (GG) and patients with heterozygous p.R4810K variant (GA) after 1:1 propensity score matching.

Results

A total of 130 hemorrhagic MMD patients were included in present study, 21 pairs (42 hemorrhagic hemispheres) were obtained after 1:1 propensity score. In GA group, 16 hemispheres (76.2%) presented anterior hemorrhage, and 5 hemispheres (23.8%) presented with posterior hemorrhage. In GG group, 13 hemispheres (61.9%) presented anterior hemorrhage, and 8 hemispheres (38.1%) presented with posterior hemorrhage. No significant differences were found in hemorrhagic sites between two matched groups (P > 0.05). Of 21 hemispheres in GA group, 10 (47.6%) exhibited lenticulostriate anastomosis, 6 (28.6%) thalamic anastomosis, and 6 (28.6%) choroidal anastomosis. Of 21 hemispheres in GG group, 3 (14.3%) exhibited lenticulostriate anastomosis, 5 (23.8%) thalamic anastomosis, and 9 (42.9%) choroidal anastomosis. There was significant difference in lenticulostriate anastomosis between two matched groups (P = 0.045). After adjustment the age, sex, and PCA involvement, we found that lenticulostriate anastomosis was associated with p.R4810K variant (OR, 5.995; 95% CI, 1.296–27.737; P = 0.022).

Conclusion

Lenticulostriate anastomosis might be associated with p.R4810K variant. Whereas hemorrhagic sites, thalamic anastomosis, and choroidal anastomosis might not be associted withp.R4810K variant.
A family of Melnick-Needles syndrome: a case report
Authors: Oh Chi Hoon , Lee Chang Ho , Kim So Young , Lee So-Young , Jun Hak Hoon , Lee Soonchul
Published: August 2020

Background

Melnick-Needles syndrome (MNS) is an extremely rare osteochondrodysplasia caused by a mutation of FLNA, the gene encoding filamin A. MNS is inherited in an X-linked dominant manner. In this study, we describe three members of the same family with MNS, who exhibited different phenotypic severity despite having an identical FLNA gene mutation.

Case presentation

The patient was 16 months old, with a history of delayed physical development, multiple upper respiratory infections and otitis media episodes. She was referred to our orthopedic clinic because of bowed legs and an abnormal plain chest radiograph. Both upper and lower extremities were bowed. Plain X-rays showed thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis, with anterior and posterior vertebral scalloping, and thin, wavy ribs. Hypoplasia of the pubis and ischium, with bilateral coxa valga, were also noted. Target exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous mutation of FLNA, c.3578 T > C, p.Lys1193Pro, which confirmed the diagnosis of MNS. Her older sister and mother had minimal deformities of the axial and extremity skeleton, but genetic analyses revealed the same FLNA mutation as the patient. The mutation identified in this family has not been previously reported.

Conclusion

This report illustrates the potential inherited nature of MNS and the phenotypic variability of clinicoradiologic characteristics. In patients with traits suggestive of MNS, a careful medical and family history should be obtained, and genetic testing should be performed for the patient, as well as all family members.
Understanding youths’ attitudes and practices regarding listening to music, video recording and terrain park use while skiing and snowboarding
Authors: Russell Kelly , Arthur Stephanie , Goulet Claude , Selci Erin , Morrongiello Barbara
Published: August 2020

Background

Skiing and snowboarding are popular activities among Canadian youth and these sports have evolved to include certain risk behaviours such as listening to music, using terrain parks, and video recording yourself or others. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of these risk behaviours and identify factors that are associated with the risk behaviours.

Methods

Using focus group methodology, a questionnaire was developed to capture aspects of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. A cross-sectional study was conducted where the questionnaire was administered to youth aged 13–18 during two winter seasons at two ski hills in Manitoba, Canada.

Results

The sample was comprised of 735 youth (mean age 14.9; 82.1% male, 83.6% snowboarding). The most common behavior was using the TP (83.1%), followed by listening to music that day (36.9%), and video recording that day (34.5%). Youth had significantly higher odds of listening to music that day if they planned to next time (OR 19.13; 95% CI: 10.62, 34.44), were skiing or snowboarding alone (OR 2.33; 95% CI: 1.10, 4.95), or thought listening to music makes skiing or snowboarding more exciting or fun or makes them feel more confident (OR 2.30; 95% CI: 1.31, 4.05). They were less likely to if they believed that music made it more difficult to hear or talk to others (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.65). Youth had significantly higher odds of using the terrain park if they believed that terrain parks were cool, challenging, or fun (OR: 5.84; 95% CI: 2.85, 11.96) or if their siblings used terrain parks (OR: 4.94; OR: 2.84, 9.85). Those who believed that terrain parks were too busy or crowded (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.62) were less likely to use them. Youth had significantly higher odds of video recording that day if they reported that they plan to video record next time (OR: 8.09, 95% CI: 4.67, 14.01) or if they were skiing or snowboarding with friends (OR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.45, 9.18). Youth had significantly higher odds of video recording that day if they agreed that recording makes them try harder and improved their tricks (OR: 3.34, 95% CI: 1.38, 8.08) compared to those who neither agreed nor disagreed. Youth were less likely to record themselves that day if their friends did not do so (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.80).

Conclusion

Common predictors of engaging in risk behaviours suggest that injury prevention programs may not have to be specific to each behaviour. Some strategies for injury prevention are suggested.
Periosteal new bone formation in Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome: a case report
Authors: Fang Xiang , Zhang Wenli , Yu Zeping , Kuang Fuguo , Huang Bin , Duan Hong
Published: August 2020

Background

Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (KTS) is a complex congenital vascular disorder, typically accompanied by port-wine stains, varicose veins, and limb hypertrophy. This paper reports a rare and unusual clinical condition of periosteal reaction in a pediatric case of KTS. Although periosteal new bone formation is not rare in children, as is KTS, their dual occurrence or the presentation of the former due to KTS has not been previously documented. Our objective in this study is to highlight the potential association between periosteal new bone formation and KTS, as well as to help physicians consider this association when bone neoplasm has been ruled out.

Case presentation

A 7-year old girl, initially presented with a persistent mild swelling in her left shank, with no abnormalities in the X-ray of the tibiofibular. However, after a few consults and examinations, 7 weeks later, a 17 cm-long periosteal new bone formation along the left tibia and diffused dilated vessels in the left shank were revealed by the radiological examination. Not knowing the true nature of the fast-growing lesion in a typical case of KTS was worrying. Therefore, a core needle biopsy was performed. The test demonstrated a possible parosteal hemangioma. Following further investigation through an excisional biopsy, and a pathological analysis, hyperplasia of the bone tissues with no tumor cells was revealed. Thereafter, an elastic stocking treatment was prescribed. During the first two-year follow-up, recurrence of the mass or sign of progression of KTS was not observed.

Conclusions

Periosteal new bone formation is a potential manifestation of KTS. Based on the conclusive pathological results of the excisional biopsy, invasive examinations and surgeries could be avoided in future KTS-subperiosteal lesion manifestations.
Income and wealth as determinants of voluntary private health insurance: empirical evidence in Spain, 2008–2014
Authors: Pinilla Jaime , López-Valcárcel Beatriz G.
Published: August 2020

Background

Few studies have quantitatively estimated the income elasticity of demand of voluntary private health insurance (VPHI) in countries with a universal National Health Service. Most studies to date have uses cross-sectional data.

Methods

In this paper we used a longitudinal database from the Bank of Spain to analyse the financial behaviour of approximately six thousand families per wave. We used three waves (2008, 2011 and 2014). We estimated income and wealth semi-elasticities of VPHI in Spain considering personal and family characteristics (age, sex, level of health, education, composition of the household), i.e. changes in the probability of buying VPHI as result of 1% change in income or wealth. We estimated cross-sectional models for each wave and longitudinal models for families remaining for at least two waves, taking account of possible selection bias due to attrition.

Results

Cross-sectional models suggest that the income effect on the probability of buying a VPHI increased from 2008 to 2014. The positive impact was observed for, wealth. In 2008 a 1% increase in income is associated with an increase in the probability of having VPHI of 0.064 [95%-CI: 0.023; 0.104] - on the probability scale (0.1) – whereas in 2014, this effect is of 0.116 [95%-CI, 0.094; 0.139]. In 2011 and 2014 the wealth effect is not significant at 5%. The estimation of the longitudinal model leads to different results where both, income and wealth are associated with non- significant results.

Conclusion

Our three main conclusions are: 1) Cross-sectional estimates of semi-elasticities of VPHI might be biased upwards; 2) Wealth is alongside income are economic determinants, of the decision to buy VPHI in high-income countries; 3) The effects of income and wealth on the probability of buying VHPI are neither linear nor log-linear. There are no significant differences among 60% of the most disadvantaged families, while the families of the two upper wealth quintiles show clearly differentiated behaviour with a higher probability of insurance.