bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Multivitamin Supplementation for Sleeve Gastrectomy Patients
Authors: Heusschen Laura , Berendsen Agnes A. M. , Cooiman Mellody I. , Deden Laura N. , Hazebroek Eric J. , Aarts Edo O.
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Micronutrient deficiencies are frequently reported after sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and therefore lifelong daily multivitamin supplementation is highly recommended. Based on literature and the results of a previous randomized controlled trial, a specialized multivitamin supplement for SG patients was further optimized (WLS Optimum 2.0, FitForMe). The present study reports on its short-term effectiveness.

Materials and Methods

An open-label study was performed in which 76 patients were included to receive WLS Optimum 2.0 for 12 months (Opt 2.0 group). This group was compared with a group of 75 patients that had received WLS Optimum 1.0 for 12 months during a previous study (Opt 1.0 group).

Results

Intention-to-treat analysis (Opt 1.0, n = 69; Opt 2.0, n = 75) showed higher serum levels of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and zinc, and a lower prevalence of deficiencies for vitamin B12 and phosphate in the Opt 2.0 group. MCV and serum folic acid levels were higher in the Opt 1.0 group. Over the 12-month study period, mean increase in serum levels of phosphate, vitamin B6, and zinc was higher in the Opt 2.0 group, and MCV and serum vitamin D levels increased more in the Opt 1.0 group.

Conclusion

The present study showed that the use of a specialized multivitamin supplement for SG patients is effective at preventing deficiencies for most vitamins and minerals, specifically in compliant patients. However, a strict follow-up regime remains necessary to monitor nutritional status and to improve patient compliance.
Clinical risk scores for the early prediction of severe outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19
Authors: Ageno Walter , Cogliati Chiara , Perego Martina , Girelli Domenico , Crisafulli Ernesto , Pizzolo Francesca , Olivieri Oliviero , Cattaneo Marco , Benetti Alberto , Corradini Elena , Bertù Lorenza , Pietrangelo Antonello ,   List of contributors, Caiano Lucia Maria , Magni Federica , Tombolini Elisabetta , Aloise Chiara , Casanova Francesca Maria , Peroni Benedetta , Ricci Andrea , Scarlini Stefania , Silvestri Ivan , Morandi Matteo , Pezzato Sara , Stefani Francesca , Trevisan Virginia
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with severe acute respiratory failure. Early identification of high-risk COVID-19 patients is crucial. We aimed to derive and validate a simple score for the prediction of severe outcomes. A retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 was carried out by the Italian Society of Internal Medicine. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and treatment variables were collected at hospital admission at five hospitals. Three algorithm selection models were used to construct a predictive risk score: backward Selection, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and Random Forest. Severe outcome was defined as the composite of need for non-invasive ventilation, need for orotracheal intubation, or death. A total of 610 patients were included in the analysis, 313 had a severe outcome. The subset for the derivation analysis included 335 patients, the subset for the validation analysis 275 patients. The LASSO selection identified 6 variables (age, history of coronary heart disease, CRP, AST, D-dimer, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) and resulted in the best performing score with an area under the curve of 0.79 in the derivation cohort and 0.80 in the validation cohort. Using a cut-off of 7 out of 13 points, sensitivity was 0.93, specificity 0.34, positive predictive value 0.59, and negative predictive value 0.82. The proposed score can identify patients at low risk for severe outcome who can be safely managed in a low-intensity setting after hospital admission for COVID-19.
Correction to: Buckling of Multiple Intersecting Spherical Shells
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Shengqiu , Cui Weicheng , Xiang Kai , Wang Fang , Tang Wenxian
Published: February 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s11804-021-00195-1
Wohnungslosenhilfe und Partizipation
Authors: Szynka Peter
Published: February 2021

Wohnungslose Menschen wurden systematisch diskreditiert und werden immer noch systematisch ausgegrenzt. Die Angebote für wohnungslose Menschen sind unzureichend und lückenhaft. Die besonderen Erfahrungen und Bedürfnisse der Betroffenen müssen besser als bisher berücksichtigt werden um bedarfsgerechtere Hilfen und Angebote zu gestalten. Hierfür ist die Einbeziehungen der Betroffenen in Planung und Ausgestaltung der Angebote systematisch und unbefristet zu fördern. Um den Interessen der Betroffenen Gehör zu verschaffen sind entsprechende Ressourcen bereitzustellen und Kommunikationswege zu eröffnen.
Facial Expressions of Emotions During Pharmacological and Exercise Stress Testing: the Role of Myocardial Ischemia and Cardiac Symptoms
Authors: Bekendam Maria T. , Kop Willem J. , Vermeltfoort Ilse A. C. , Widdershoven Jos W. , Mommersteeg Paula M. C.
Published: February 2021

Background

Negative emotions have been linked to ischemic heart disease, but existing research typically involves self-report methods and little is known about non-verbal facial emotion expression. The role of ischemia and anginal symptoms in emotion expression was examined.

Methods

Patients undergoing cardiac stress testing (CST) using bicycle exercise or adenosine with myocardial perfusion imaging were included (N = 256, mean age 66.8 ± 8.7 year., 43% women). Video images and emotion expression (sadness, anxiety, anger, and happiness) were analyzed at baseline, initial CST , maximal CST, recovery. Nuclear images were evaluated using SPECT.

Results

Ischemia (N = 89; 35%) was associated with higher levels of sadness (p = .017, d = 0.34) and lower happiness (p = .015, d = 0.30). During recovery, patients with both ischemia and anginal symptoms had the highest sadness expression (F (3,254) = 3.67, p = .013, eta2 = 0.042) and the lowest happiness expression (F (3, 254) = 4.19, p = .006, eta2 = .048).

Conclusion

Sadness and reduced happiness were more common in patients with ischemia. Also, anginal symptoms were associated with more negative emotions.
Routine examination of gallbladder specimens after cholecystectomy: a single-centre analysis of the incidence, clinical and histopathological aspects of incidental gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: Di Mauro Davide , Orabi Amira , Myintmo Aye , Reece-Smith Alex , Wajed Shahjehan , Manzelli Antonio
Published: February 2021

Background

Gallbladder carcinoma is often found incidentally on histopathologic examination after cholecystectomy—this is referred as incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGC). Routine vs selective histopathological assessment of gallbladders is under debate and this study evaluates the role of regular specimens’ examination, based on a single-centre analysis of incidence, clinical and histopathological aspects of IGC.

Methods

Patients who underwent cholecystectomy, between July 2010 and January 2020, were considered. Exclusion criteria were age under 18 and preoperative diagnosis of GB carcinoma. Demographic, clinical and histopathological data were retrospectively collected, continuous variables with a normal distribution were evaluated with Student’s t-test and ANOVA.

Results

Some 5779 patients were included. The female/male ratio was 2.5:1. Chronic cholecystitis (CC) was the most common finding on specimens (99.3%), IGC was found in six cases (0.1%). In the latter group, there were 5 women and patients were older than those with benign disease—73.7 $$\pm$$± 5.38 years vs 55.8 $$\pm$$± 0.79 years (p < 0.05). In all the cases, the GB was abnormal on intraoperative inspection and beside cancer, histopathology showed associated CC and/or dysplasia. Upon diagnosis, disease was at advanced stage—one stage II, one stage IIIA, one stage IIIB, three stage IVA. Two patients are alive, three died of disease progression—median survival was 7 months (range 2–14).

Conclusions

In this series, ICG was rare, occurred most commonly in old adult women and was diagnosed at an advanced stage. In all the cases, the GB was abnormal intraoperatively, therefore macroscopic GB anomalies demand histopathological assessment of the specimen.
Effects of errors in basal area and mean diameter on the optimality of forest management prescriptions
Authors: Ruotsalainen Roope , Pukkala Timo , Kangas Annika , Packalen Petteri
Published: February 2021

• Key message

Errors in forest stand attributes can lead to sub-optimal management prescriptions concerning the set management objectives. When the objective is net present value, errors in mean diameter result in greater losses than similar errors in basal area, and underestimation greater losses than overestimation.

• Context

Errors in forest inventory data can cause inoptimality losses in the objectives set to forest management. Losses occur when the forest is treated with management prescriptions that are optimal for erroneous data but not for correct data.

• Aims

We evaluate the effect of varying levels of errors in basal area and mean diameter on the inoptimality losses.

• Methods

Errors from 20% of overestimation to 20% of underestimation were simulated in basal area and mean diameter. For each stand, the management prescription that maximized the net present value was selected with and without errors. The inoptimality losses were calculated for different error levels.

• Results

The tested error levels resulted in inoptimality losses of 0.11–3.01%. Errors in mean diameter increased inoptimality losses more than similar relative errors in basal area. Simultaneous underestimation of basal area and mean diameter led to greater inoptimality losses than simultaneous overestimation of these attributes.

• Conclusion

If the forest is considered as an investment, using inventory data where basal area and mean diameter are underestimated causes greater losses compared with data where these attributes are overestimated. Errors in mean diameter are more important than similar errors in the basal area. Large errors in basal area and mean diameter should be avoided especially in stands where the basal area is high.
Evolution of electromechanical properties in Fe-doped (Pb,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O3 piezoceramics
Authors: Chen Chuan , Wang Yan , Li Zong-Yue , Liu Chun , Gong Wen , Tan Qing , Han Bing , Yao Fang-Zhou , Wang Ke
Published: February 2021

Defects in acceptor-doped perovskite piezoelectric materials have a significant impact on their electrical properties. Herein, the defect mediated evolution of piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of Fe-doped (Pb,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O3 (PSZT-Fe) piezoceramics with different treatments, including quenching, aging, de-aging, and poling, was investigated systematically. Oxygen vacancies with a cubic symmetry are preserved in the quenched PSZT-Fe ceramics, rendering them robust ferroelectric behaviors. In the aged PSZT-Fe polycrystals, defect dipole between Fe dopant and oxygen vacancy has the same orientation with spontaneous polarization PS, which enables the reversible domain switching and hence leads to the emergence of pinched polarization hysteresis and recoverable strain effect. And the defect dipoles can be gradually disrupted by bipolar electric field cycling, once again endowing the aged materials with representative ferroelectric properties. For the poled PSZT-Fe polycrystals, the defect dipoles are reoriented to be parallel to the applied poling field, and an internal bias field aligning along the same direction emerges simultaneously, being responsible for asymmetric hysteresis loops.
Study of Live Lecture Attendance, Student Perceptions and Expectations
Authors: Emahiser Johnathan , Nguyen John , Vanier Cheryl , Sadik Amina
Published: February 2021

Declining lecture attendance has been an ongoing concern for educators involved in undergraduate medical education. A survey was developed (a) to gain insight into the reasons students skipped class, (b) to identify the type of study materials they were using, and (c) to determine what they thought would motivate them to come to class. The survey was sent to 317 first-year and second-year medical students, and 145 (45%) responded. Only 63% of first-year students and 53% of second-year students attended any lectures that were not mandatory. The attendance was higher for students who aspired to less competitive specialties such as pediatrics and family medicine. The most popular reasons for not coming to class were related to the efficiency of information intake and instructor or class style. The most heavily used resources (> 60%) were materials or recorded lectures provided by the instructor. The second-year students also heavily used outside study materials for Board exams, such as Pathoma (50%). Students’ ideas for what might increase their attendance suggest that they perceive that the lectures may not prepare them for Board exams, and they would like faculty to address Board related content more often in class and on assessments. Respondents also suggested that teaching practices might be improved through faculty development. Faculty awareness of and references to Board exam content, embedded in strong teaching practices, may help students find more value in live lectures. Carefully designed active learning sessions may change students’ minds regarding the relevance and value of these sessions.
The machine protection system for CSNS
Authors: Mingtao Kang , Yuliang Zhang , Dapeng Jin , Yongcheng He , Mingchuan Zhan , Peng Zhu , Xuan Wu , Fengqin Guo , Lin Wang
Published: February 2021

Background

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) accelerator consists of an 80 MeV H- LINAC, a 1.6 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) and two beam transport lines. The uncontrolled beam may permanently damage the components or lead to very high residual radiation dose along the beam line. So the equipment protection must be deliberately designed and implemented.

Purpose

The machine protection system (MPS) protects components from being damaged by the beam. The response time requirement for the CSNS MPS is less than 20 ms, so the PLC (programmable logic controller) was adopted to implement the interlock logic.

Methods

The MPS was implemented as a two-tier architecture system, and developed through utilizing PLC and Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) software toolkits. The application logic was taken into careful consideration during the implementation stage. An embedded CPU module can function as an IOC accessing PLC I/O modules through the sequence CPU, with an embedded Linux operation system.

Results

The interlock logic and heartbeat functions were tested with all functions ok. Time consumption has been measured thoroughly since the important requirement, which is around 15 ms to stop the beam.

Conclusions

MPS was completed in Sep. 2017 and then put into operation. It has been operating smoothly for more than 3 years. MPS has played an important role in every stage of CSNS’s commissioning and operation and achieved high reliability during the user’s experiment operation. The accelerator recently runs stably with low equipment failure.
Applications of polyimide coatings: a review
Authors: Sezer Hicyilmaz Ayse , Celik Bedeloglu Ayse
Published: February 2021

Polyimides, high-performance polymers with superior properties such as high temperature stability, resistance to solvents and high strength, can be used in high-tech applications of the aerospace and aviation, medical or electronics industry in different forms (film, fiber, nanofiber, membrane, foam, adhesive or coating). Among these applications, coating has a special place and is used to develop advanced structures having high temperature resistance, flame retardancy and etc. for high tech industries via an economical and feasible way. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to report the broad application status of polyimide coatings by reviewing publications, patents and commercial products. Thus, this study can assist in selecting suitable polyimide types and production methods for polyimide coating applications and in understanding their applicability for future products.
Improving the surface quality and mechanical properties of selective laser sintered PA2200 components by the vibratory surface finishing process
Authors: Khan Hamaid M. , Sirin Tolga B. , Tarakci Gurkan , Bulduk Mustafa E. , Coskun Mert , Koc Ebubekir , Kaynak Yusuf
Published: February 2021

This paper attempts to improve the physical and mechanical properties of selective laser sintered polyamide PA2200 components through a vibratory surface finishing process by inducing severe plastic deformation at the outer surface layers. The industrial target of additive manufacturing components is to obtain structures having surface roughness, hardness, and other mechanical properties equivalent to or better than those produced conventionally. Compared to the as-built SLS PA2200 samples, vibratory surface finishing treated specimens exhibited a smooth surface microstructure and more favorable roughness, hardness, and tensile strength. Also, the duration of the vibratory surface finishing process showed a further improvement in the surface roughness and hardness of the SLS samples. Compared to the as-built state, the roughness and hardness of the surface-treated samples improved by almost 90% and 15%, respectively. Consequently, microstructural analysis indicates that lower surface roughness and enhanced surface hardness is a crucial factor in influencing the overall tensile strength of SLS-PA2200 components. We consider that the combination of VSF and SLS processes can successfully handle a wide range of potential applications. This study also highlights the efficiency and applicability of the vibratory surface finishing process to other additive manufacturing processes and materials.

Graphic abstract
Tribological performances of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets via surface modification with silane coupling agent
Authors: Wang Lixia , Bai Yufeng , Ma Zhiyan , Ge Chunhua , Guan Hongyu , Zhang XiangDong
Published: February 2021

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a promising lubricant additive for decreasing wear and friction. However, the poor dispersion stability and bulky size of h-BN restricted its lubrication application. In this paper, bulk h-BN was exfoliated into h-BN nanosheets (h-BNNSs), and then the self-made h-BNNSs were chemically modified with silane coupling agent via a facile and scalable reaction method. The morphology and structure of surface-functionalized h-BNNSs (m-BNNSs) were certified using a series of characterizations. Results revealed that h-BNNSs could be chemically well capped by surface modifier and the lipophilic groups were covalently attached to h-BNNSs surfaces. The m-BNNSs composite possessed long-term dispersion in liquid paraffin (LP). At the optimal adding content of 0.6 wt%, coefficient of friction and wear volume of m-BNNSs composite were decreased by about 31.9% and 53.8% compared with those of LP, respectively. Therefore, m-BNNSs composite as a lubricating oil additive has high research value and good prospects of lubrication applications.
Relationship Between Semen IL-6, IL-33 and Malondialdehyde Generation in Human Seminal Plasma and Spermatozoa
Authors: Moretti Elena , Cerretani Daniela , Noto Daria , Signorini Cinzia , Iacoponi Francesca , Collodel Giulia
Published: February 2021

Cytokines are physiological seminal components and their abnormal levels, reported in different pathological conditions, negatively influence the sperm function. We analysed the relationship between interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-33 levels and lipid peroxidation (LPO), measured both in semen and sperm lysate, in 44 human semen samples. The semen analysis was performed following the WHO guidelines. Seminal IL-6 and IL-33 concentrations were assessed by ELISA and LPO was evaluated measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) both in seminal plasma and viable spermatozoa. Two small groups of patients with varicocele and infection were extrapolated from the cases analysed and the variables compared with those of a group of control. IL-33 levels were undetectable in all samples and IL-6 levels were positively correlated with both seminal and sperm MDA concentrations (p< 0.01) and negatively with sperm parameters (p< 0.01). Seminal and sperm MDA levels were both negatively correlated with sperm parameters (p< 0.01). IL-6 and semen MDA showed an exponential positive relationship, whereas MDA values measured in viable spermatozoa were low until IL-6 amount reached a concentration of >30 pg/mL, rising consistently. By comparing the variables in the groups, we confirmed that a high IL-6 concentration in the varicocele and infection groups was concomitant with an increase of seminal MDA levels, but also with MDA measured in viable spermatozoa, which represents the novelty of this study. We identified the IL-6 threshold, beyond which sperm MDA concentration rises concomitantly with the increase of IL-6 concentration. Other studies are needed, considering the increasing number of patients with different pathologies affecting male infertility.
SPA: A Quantitation Strategy for MS Data in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Cheng Xi , Qian Lili , Wang Bo , Tan Minjia , Li Jing
Published: February 2021

With the development of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics technologies, patient-derived xenograft (PDX), which is generated from the primary tumor of a patient, is widely used for the proteome-wide analysis of cancer mechanism and biomarker identification of a drug. However, the proteomics data interpretation is still challenging due to complex data deconvolution from the PDX sample that is a cross-species mixture of human cancerous tissues and immunodeficient mouse tissues. In this study, by using the lab-assembled mixture of human and mouse cells with different mixing ratios as a benchmark, we developed and evaluated a new method, SPA (shared peptide allocation), for protein quantitation by considering the unique and shared peptides of both species. The results showed that SPA could provide more convenient and accurate protein quantitation in human–mouse mixed samples. Further validation on a pair of gastric PDX samples (one bearing FGFR2 amplification while the other one not) showed that our new method not only significantly improved the overall protein identification, but also detected the differential phosphorylation of FGFR2 and its downstream mediators (such as RAS and ERK) exclusively. The tool pdxSPA is freely available at https://github.com/Li-Lab-Proteomics/pdxSPA.
Epithelial Cells in 2D and 3D Cultures Exhibit Large Differences in Higher-Order Genomic Interactions
Authors: Liu Xin , Sun Qiu , Wang Qi , Hu Chuansheng , Chen Xuecheng , Li Hua , Czajkowsky Daniel M. , Shao Zhifeng
Published: February 2021

Recent studies have characterized the genomic structures of many eukaryotic cells, often focusing on their relation to gene expression. However, these studies have largely investigated cells grown in 2D cultures, although the transcriptomes of 3D-cultured cells are generally closer to their in vivo phenotypes. To examine the effects of spatial constraints on chromosome conformation, we investigated the genomic architecture of mouse hepatocytes grown in 2D and 3D cultures using in situ Hi-C. Our results reveal significant differences in higher-order genomic interactions, notably in compartment identity and strength as well as in topologically associating domain (TAD)–TAD interactions, but only minor differences are found at the TAD level. Our RNA-seq analysis reveals an up-regulated expression of genes involved in physiological hepatocyte functions in the 3D-cultured cells. These genes are associated with a subset of structural changes, suggesting that differences in genomic structure are critically important for transcriptional regulation. However, there are also many structural differences that are not directly associated with changes in gene expression, whose cause remains to be determined. Overall, our results indicate that growth in 3D significantly alters higher-order genomic interactions, which may be consequential for a subset of genes that are important for the physiological functioning of the cell.
Do mobile behavioural solutions really work?
Authors: Elloumi Wael , Guo Li
Published: February 2021

Mobile financial services – also commonly known as mobile banking, e-commerce on mobile devices and mobile commerce (m-commerce) – are rapidly developing and expanding from one year to the next. These approaches are becoming increasingly integrated into the daily life of consumers, due to their convenience in today's digital age.
Editorial
Authors: Mansfield-Devine Steve
Published: February 2021

The information security world is awash with reports and statistics and yet it's sometimes hard to grasp the true size of the problem. Even the research that you might expect to be the most insightful can turn out to be misleading.
Why effective testing is essential to keep pace with advancing threats
Authors: Williams Ed
Published: February 2021

It is well understood that there is no single best way to keep an organisation secure against cyberthreats. Every enterprise has its own unique configuration of network infrastructure, hardware and software applications, as well as its own risk profile and security priorities. With so many variables, the combinations are close to infinite – and so is the potential for security vulnerabilities. Outdated or misconfigured systems and applications can create easy attack paths for any threat actors who discover them – and this is increasingly easy for them to do thanks to the use of automated tools.

Every enterprise has its unique network infrastructure, hardware and software applications. With so many variables, the potential for security vulnerabilities is high.

Security testing is the key to discovering and closing these vulnerabilities before they are exploited. However, businesses often fail to utilise testing effectively. Using automated tools to identify the bulk of vulnerabilities and deeper human-led testing to find more advanced threats, organisations can keep pace with the advancing capabilities of adversaries and close off vulnerabilities before they can be exploited, says Ed Williams, SpiderLabs at Trustwave.
Dietary and metabolic risk of neuropsychiatric disorders: insights from animal models
Authors: Liang Yinji , Zou Lili , Tian Yaling , Zhou Shuang , Chen Xinhe , Lin Chenli
Published: February 2021

Neuropsychiatric disorders are major causes of the global burden of diseases, frequently co-occurring with multiple co-morbidities, especially obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its various risk factors in the metabolic syndrome. While the determining factors of neuropsychiatric disorders are complex, recent studies have shown that there is a strong link between diet, metabolic state and neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. There is no doubt that rodent models are of great value for preclinical research. Therefore, this article focuses on a rodent model of chronic consumption of high-fat diet (HFD), and/or the addition of a certain amount of cholesterol or sugar, meanwhile, summarising the pattern of diet that induces anxiety/depressive-like behaviour and the underlying mechanism. We highlight how dietary and metabolic risk influence neuropsychiatric behaviour in animals. Changes in dietary patterns, especially HFD, can induce anxiety- or depression-like behaviours, which may vary by diet exposure period, sex, age, species and genetic background of the animals used. Furthermore, dietary patterns significantly aggravate anxiety/depression-like behaviour in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. The mechanisms by which diet induces anxiety/depressive-like behaviour may involve neuroinflammation, neurotransmitters/neuromodulators, neurotrophins and the gut–brain axis. Future research should be focused on elucidating the mechanism and identifying the contribution of diet and diet-induced metabolic risk to neuropsychiatric disorders, which can form the basis for future clinical dietary intervention strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Residential School Saint: The Life, Death, and Turbulent Afterlife of Rose Prince of the Carrier Nation
Authors: Anderson Emma
Published: February 2021

Rose Prince was a young Indigenous woman who lived during the first half of the twentieth century, spending most of her short life in a Catholic residential school near Fraser Lake, British Columbia, Canada. Shy and retiring in life, Rose's venerators believe that her understated devotion was rewarded by a postmortem miracle generally reserved only for God's greatest saints: incorruption. The Catholic hierarchy and Rose's Carrier people, though at odds on much else, are unanimous that the Lejac Indian Residential School unwittingly hosted a saint between its opening in 1922 and Prince's death in 1949, and the two groups seek together to honor her with an annual pilgrimage to her gravesite. But this fragile unanimity exists in dynamic tension with the two groups’ divergent interpretations of Prince's holiness, particularly as it pertains to the legacy of residential schools. For some within the Catholic hierarchy, Rose's sanctity provides a powerful justification for the much-critiqued assimilative educational system. For many Carrier, however, Prince is its starkest repudiation. For them, Rose was—and is—the heart of a heartless world, incarnating gentle compassion in a system that, while it trumpeted these Christian virtues, itself was notably lacking in them.
Terrain-Dependent Slip Risk Prediction for Planetary Exploration Rovers
Authors: Endo Masafumi , Endo Shogo , Nagaoka Kenji , Yoshida Kazuya
Published: February 2021

Wheel slip prediction on rough terrain is crucial for secure, long-term operations of planetary exploration rovers. Although rough, unstructured terrain hampers mobility, prediction by modeling wheel–terrain interactions remains difficult owing to unclear terrain conditions and complexities of terramechanics models. This study proposes a vision-based approach with machine learning for predicting wheel slip risk by estimating the slope from 3D information and classifying terrain types from image information. It considers the slope estimation accuracy for risk prediction under sharp increases in wheel slip due to inclined ground. Experimental results obtained with a rover testbed on several terrain types validate this method.
The Principle of Merit and the capital-labour split
Authors: von Platz Jeppe
Published: February 2021

Some meritocratic defenders of capitalism rely on the principle that cooperators should receive a share of the product commensurate with their contribution. However, such defences of capitalism fail due to a dilemma. Either they rely on an understanding of contribution that arguably will be reflected by the capital-labour split in suitably idealized capitalist economies, but cannot serve as a plausible standard of merit; or they rely on an interpretation of contribution that is a plausible standard of merit, but which won’t tend to be reflected by the capital-labour split in capitalist economies.
IS THERE A TECHNOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE IN HEALTH CARE?
Authors: Hofmann Bjørn
Published: February 2021

The question in the title will be addressed by first answering the question: What is a technological imperative? A review of the literature makes it clear that there are many descriptions and explanations of the technological imperative in health care, and that not all of them are important to consider. One conception of the technological imperative that is important is the one that implies that technology reduces our responsibility toward our actions. I argue that that this conception cannot be justified. That is, there is no imperative that frees us from our responsibility for developing, producing, advertising, assessing, implementing, using, and banishing technology in health care. On the contrary, the increased possibilities provided by technology result in an increased responsibility. That is, there is no technological imperative, but technology promotes a moral imperative; in particular, it promotes a moral imperative to proper assessment.
Are governments paying a price for austerity? Fiscal consolidations reduce government approval
Authors: Jacques Olivier , Haffert Lukas
Published: February 2021

What are the political effects of fiscal consolidations? Theoretical considerations suggest that consolidations should reduce the public’s support for their governments, but empirical studies have found surprisingly small effects on government support. However, most of these studies analyze electoral outcomes, which are separated from the consolidation by a multi-link causal chain. We argue that more direct measures of government support, such as executive approval, show much stronger negative effects of consolidation, since they are less affected by the strategic timing of consolidations or the political alternatives on offer. We analyze a time series cross-sectional dataset of executive approval in 14 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1978 to 2014, using the narrative approach to measure fiscal consolidations. We find that spending cuts decrease government approval, especially during economic downturns, but tax increases’ impact on approval remains minimal. Finally, left- and right-wing governments are equally likely to lose approval after implementing austerity.
Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Among Irish Travellers Presenting for Emergency Care
Authors: Tanner Bryan , Doherty Anne M.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Background: Suicide is a serious problem in the Traveller community, with rates estimated at 11%: over 6 times that of the general population. Aims: We aimed to establish the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation (SI) and self-harm (SH) among Irish Travellers. Method: This was an observational cross-sectional cohort study of patients presenting with SH and SI to a tertiary hospital in Ireland, in an area with a large local Traveller population. Data were analyzed from the anonymized database ( n = 2,016), comparing characteristics of Travellers and the general population. Results: This study found that Travellers (1.6% of the local population) represent 4.3% of the population seen in hospital with SH and SI, and 14.8% of episodes. There was a significant difference in SH methods used: Travellers were significantly more likely to present following attempted hanging ( OR = 21.8; p = .004). Travellers were more commonly diagnosed with depression or substance abuse, referred from critical care, and transferred for inpatient psychiatric treatment. Limitations: Limitations include the use of retrospective data from a service activity database rather than clinical information collected prospectively. Conclusion: There are significant differences in patterns of suicidal behaviors between Irish Travellers and the general population. Further research is required to understand and address the high rates of suicidal behaviors in this population.
Gender Word Semantic Satiation Inhibits Facial Gender Information Processing
Authors: Li Zhao , Zhu Peng , Liu Ying , Jiang Zhongqing
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In order to explore the time course of the influence of gender words semantic satiation on facial gender information processing, the semantic satiation paradigm was used to induce semantic satiation by presenting Chinese gender words “男, 女 (Male, Female)” for a long duration (25 s), with conjunction words “及(And), 且(Moreover)” served as the baseline (the Chinese words and their English translations do not completely equal in terms of pronunciation, form, and sense). Participants were asked to judge whether the two simultaneously presented faces (Experiment 1) or two successively presented faces (Experiment 2) were of the same gender. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the response time in semantic satiation condition was significantly longer than that of the baseline condition. The event-related potential (ERP) results of Experiment 2 showed that the peak amplitude of P1 component in semantic satiation condition was significantly smaller than that of the baseline condition in the early stage of face processing; N170, a specific component of face perception, in semantic satiation condition was significantly larger than that of the baseline condition. The average amplitude of LPC in semantic satiation condition was significantly smaller than that of the baseline condition. This study shows that facial gender information processing is affected by its semantic contextual information. The inhibition effect of gender word semantic satiation on facial gender information processing starts at the attention orientation stage, then continues to the face structural encoding stage, and eventually ends at the advanced cognitive response stage.
Data Assimilation for Tsunami Forecast With Ship‐Borne GNSS Data in the Cascadia Subduction Zone
Authors: Hossen M. J. , Mulia Iyan E. , Mencin David , Sheehan Anne F.
Published: February 2021

An efficient and cost‐effective near‐field tsunami warning system is crucial for coastal communities. The existing tsunami forecasting system is based on offshore Deep‐Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) buoys which are not affordable for many countries. A potential cost‐effective solution is to utilize position data from ships traveling in coastal and offshore regions. In this study, we examine the feasibility of using ship‐borne GNSS data in tsunami forecasting. We carry out synthetic experiments by applying a data assimilation (DA) method with ship position (elevation and velocity) data. Our findings show that the DA method can recover the reference model with high accuracy if a dense network of ship elevation data is used. However, the use of ship velocity data alone is unable to recover the reference model. In addition, we carried out sensitivity studies of the DA method to the ship spatial distribution. We find that a 20 km gap between the ships works well in terms of accuracy and computational time for the example source model that we explored. The highest accuracy is obtained when data from a sufficient number of ships traveling in and around the tsunami source area are available.
Cloud‐Nucleating Particles Over the Southern Ocean in a Changing Climate
Authors: Twohy Cynthia H. , DeMott Paul J. , Russell Lynn M. , Toohey Darin W. , Rainwater Bryan , Geiss Roy , Sanchez Kevin J. , Lewis Savannah , Roberts Gregory C. , Humphries Ruhi S. , McCluskey Christina S. , Moore Kathryn A. , Selleck Paul W. , Keywood Melita D. , Ward Jason P. , McRobert Ian M.
Published: February 2021

Stratocumulus clouds over the Southern Ocean have fewer droplets and are more likely to exist in the predominately supercooled phase than clouds at similar temperatures over northern oceans. One likely reason is that this region has few continental and anthropogenic sources of cloud‐nucleating particles that can form droplets and ice. In this work, we present an overview of aerosol particle types over the Southern Ocean, including new measurements made below, in and above clouds in this region. These measurements and others indicate that biogenic sulfur‐based particles >0.1 μm diameter contribute the majority of cloud condensation nuclei number concentrations in summer. Ice nucleating particles tend to have more organic components, likely from sea‐spray. Both types of cloud nucleating particles may increase in a warming climate likely to have less sea ice, more phytoplankton activity, and stronger winds over the Southern Ocean near Antarctica. Taken together, clouds over the Southern Ocean may become more reflective and partially counter the region's expected albedo decrease due to diminishing sea ice. However, detailed modeling studies are needed to test this hypothesis due to the complexity of ocean‐cloud‐climate feedbacks in the region.
Disease monitoring with quantitative serum IgA levels provides a more reliable response assessment in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Visram Alissa , Vaxman Iuliana , S. Al Saleh Abdullah , Parmar Harsh , Dispenzieri Angela , Kapoor Prashant , Lacy Martha Q. , Gertz Morie A. , Buadi Francis K. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Dingli David , Warsame Rahma , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Siddiqui Mustaqeem , Gonsalves Wilson , Muchtar Eli , Lust John A. , Leung Nelson , Kyle Robert A. , Murray David , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji
Published: February 2021

Unlike IgG monoclonal proteins (MCPs), IgA MCP quantification is unreliable due to beta-migration of IgA MCPs on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP). The utility of nephelometric quantitative IgA (qIgA) to monitor IgA multiple myeloma (MM) is unclear. We retrospectively studied disease response kinetics using qIgA versus MCPs by SPEP, and developed and validated novel qIgA disease assessment criteria in 491 IgA MM patients. The SPEP MCP nadir occurred a median of 41 (IQR 0–102) days before the qIgA. The median time to achieve a partial response (PR) was shorter using standard IMWG versus qIgA response criteria (32 vs 58 days, p < 0.001). Stratification by qIgA criteria, unlike IMWG criteria, led to clear separation of the progression-free survival curves of patients achieving a PR or very good PR. There was a consistent trend toward earlier detection of disease progression using qIgA versus IMWG progression criteria. In conclusion, monitoring IgA MM using MCP-based IMWG criteria may be falsely reassuring, given that MCP levels on SPEP decrease faster than qIgA levels. The qIgA response criteria more accurately stratify patients based on the progression risk and may detect disease progression earlier, which may lead to more consistent measurement of trial endpoints and improved patient outcomes.
Predicting dynamic cellular protein–RNA interactions by deep learning using in vivo RNA structures
Authors: Sun Lei , Xu Kui , Huang Wenze , Yang Yucheng T. , Li Pan , Tang Lei , Xiong Tuanlin , Zhang Qiangfeng Cliff
Published: February 2021

Interactions with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are integral to RNA function and cellular regulation, and dynamically reflect specific cellular conditions. However, presently available tools for predicting RBP–RNA interactions employ RNA sequence and/or predicted RNA structures, and therefore do not capture their condition-dependent nature. Here, after profiling transcriptome-wide in vivo RNA secondary structures in seven cell types, we developed PrismNet, a deep learning tool that integrates experimental in vivo RNA structure data and RBP binding data for matched cells to accurately predict dynamic RBP binding in various cellular conditions. PrismNet results for 168 RBPs support its utility for both understanding CLIP-seq results and largely extending such interaction data to accurately analyze additional cell types. Further, PrismNet employs an “attention” strategy to computationally identify exact RBP-binding nucleotides, and we discovered enrichment among dynamic RBP-binding sites for structure-changing variants (riboSNitches), which can link genetic diseases with dysregulated RBP bindings. Our rich profiling data and deep learning-based prediction tool provide access to a previously inaccessible layer of cell-type-specific RBP–RNA interactions, with clear utility for understanding and treating human diseases.
Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and foetal acidosis in vaginal and caesarean deliveries: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Murata Tsuyoshi , Kyozuka Hyo , Yamaguchi Akiko , Fukuda Toma , Yasuda Shun , Sato Akiko , Ogata Yuka , Shinoki Kosei , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Hashimoto Koichi , Nishigori Hidekazu , Fujimori Keiya ,   The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group, Kamijima Michihiro , Yamazaki Shin , Ohya Yukihiro , Kishi Reiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Mori Chisato , Ito Shuichi , Yamagata Zentaro , Inadera Hidekuni , Nakayama Takeo , Iso Hiroyasu , Shima Masayuki , Kurozawa Youichi , Suganuma Narufumi , Kusuhara Koichi , Katoh Takahiko
Published: February 2021

A high maternal body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risks of asphyxia-related neonatal morbidity. We evaluated the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and foetal acidosis while accounting for the mode of delivery. Participants from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study with singleton pregnancies after 22 weeks of gestation who gave birth during 2011–2014 were included. The participants (n = 71,799) were categorised into five groups according to the pre-pregnancy BMI: G1 (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), G2 (18.5 to < 20.0 kg/m2), G3 (20.0 to < 23.0 kg/m2), G4 (23.0 to < 25.0 kg/m2), and G5 (≥ 25.0 kg/m2). Foetal acidosis was defined as umbilical artery pH (UmA-pH) < 7.20 or < 7.10. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on foetal acidosis risk, accounting for the mode of delivery. In Japanese women, pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 significantly increased the likelihood of foetal acidosis in newborns delivered vaginally. We found no association between pre-pregnancy BMI and foetal acidosis in newborns delivered via caesarean section. Counselling for body weight control before pregnancy and adequate management and selection of the mode of delivery in pregnant women with a high BMI who are in labour may be essential to avoid foetal acidosis.
Author Correction: Delineating colorectal cancer distribution, interaction, and risk prediction by environmental risk factors and serum trace elements
Authors: Nawi Azmawati Mohammed , Chin Siok Fong , Mazlan Luqman , Jamal Rahman
Published: February 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
On the structural connectivity of large-scale models of brain networks at cellular level
Authors: Giacopelli Giuseppe , Tegolo Domenico , Spera Emiliano , Migliore Michele
Published: February 2021

The brain’s structural connectivity plays a fundamental role in determining how neuron networks generate, process, and transfer information within and between brain regions. The underlying mechanisms are extremely difficult to study experimentally and, in many cases, large-scale model networks are of great help. However, the implementation of these models relies on experimental findings that are often sparse and limited. Their predicting power ultimately depends on how closely a model’s connectivity represents the real system. Here we argue that the data-driven probabilistic rules, widely used to build neuronal network models, may not be appropriate to represent the dynamics of the corresponding biological system. To solve this problem, we propose to use a new mathematical framework able to use sparse and limited experimental data to quantitatively reproduce the structural connectivity of biological brain networks at cellular level.