bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SECONDARY METABOLITE FROM THE AERIAL PARTS OF Launaea (Lactuca) taraxacifolia
Authors: Anyanwu B. C. , Otuokere I. E. , Echeme J. O. , Akoh O. U. , Njoku C. P. , Ohenhen O. N. , Ikeadim O. C.
Published: July 2022

Launaea (Lactuca) taraxacifolia also known as wild lettuce is a medicinally important plant of the Asteraceae family. The plant was selected for this study due to its widespread use in traditional medicine and on the basis that the plant is almost going into extinct in Nigeria. The extraction was carried out by subjecting the air dried pulverized plant materials into trichloromethane solvent for a period of some days, followed by filtration and concentration. Separation and purification of the various constituents of the crude were done using thin layer and column chromatography. The mobile phases and solvent blends employed were: normal hexane, trichloromethane, ethyl ethanoate and methanol. The extraction, purification, concentration and chromatographic separations of the extracts were carried out at Post-graduates, chemistry laboratory, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria. The NMR spectra analysis was investigated at Monash University Malaysia while the FTIR and GC-MS were carried out at Nanotechnology and Research Institute Malaysia. The NMR analysis was done using a Bruker VSP 500MHZ model machine. The GC-MS was performed using an Agilent 7000 model while the FTIR analysis was carried out on an Agilent 4500 series FTIR system. The structural elucidation of the proposed compound was deduced using GC-MS, FTIR, NMR (13C and 1H) and 2D COSY NMR spectra. This chemical investigation resulted in the isolation of a novel compound SB3 (Octadecahydro-10-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtalen-3-yl)-4,4-dimethoxy-6b,12b,14b-trimethyl Picen-3-(4H,6bH,14bH)-one. Compound SB3 was isolated using 50% hexane and 50% trichloromethane at an Rf value of 0.692. The MS spectrum of compound SB3 gave a molecular ion peak at m/z 545.81, which corresponded to a molecular formula of C37H53O3.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PALM OIL OBTAINED FROM MAJOR MARKETS IN WUKARI, TARABA STATE.
Authors: Surma N. , Ngantem G.S. , Hikon B.N. , Shimaibo P.T.
Published: July 2022

Palm oil is the most commonly used vegetable oil in Wukari, and Nigeria at large, due to its numerous benefits, among which include health and nutritional. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the quality of palm oil being sold in the markets to checkmate the level of adulteration being introduced due to economic meltdown experienced in recent times. In this study, oil samples were obtained at different sale points from Wukari major markets where Physical and chemical properties were investigated using standard procedures. The results showed that the moisture content ranged from 0.41% - 0.98%. Only sample OM2 was within SON permissible limit. The specific gravity ranged from 0.91g/cm3- 0.92g/cm3. Sample NM1, NM2 and OM2 were slightly above the stipulated range of SON standard. The free fatty acids range was 23.4%-82.1% for the various samples. The Peroxide value range was 10.2mg/g-21.6mg/g, with the rest being above the stipulated value of SON standard except for NM1 only. The ester value ranged within 1404.3-2529.3mgKOH/g. The saponification values range;165.4-245.4mg/g. The oil sample OM1 was below the standard range which may be due to the high amount of unsaponifiable matter, while samples NM1, NM2, NM3 and OM2 were higher, above the SON value, indicating a lower amount of unsaponifiable matter. The acid value range was 1649.7, 1731.6, 2745.3, 2191.2 and 2657.2mgKOH/g respectively. The melting points range was 82-80OC.The viscosities range was 68.72-147.74mm2/s. The iodine value range was from 1.0mg/L to 17.8mg/L. The oil samples generally indicated poor physicochemical properties in this study, implying a high level of adulteration.
VARIATION IN THE SESQUITERNOID COMPOSITION OF THE VOLATILE OILS OF Annona muricata Linn. FROM SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA, CAUSED BY DIFFERENT DRYING METHODS.
Authors: Njoku I. S. , Ichide M. U. , Rahman N. Ur , Khan A. M. , Otunomo I. , Asekun O. T. , Familoni O. B.
Published: July 2022

The leaf essential oil of Annona muricata (Linn.) dried by different methods was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry. The air-dried, sun-dried and oven-dried leaves yielded 0.30 %, 0.15 % and 0.20 % of the volatile oils, respectively, whereas the percentage of oils was 0.24 % in the fresh plant material. The essential oils of A. muricata (Linn.) was composed mainly of sesquiterpenoids. Caryophyllene had the highest percentage composition in all the oils: fresh plant (25.90 %), oven-dried plant (23.20 %), sun-dried plant (30.00 %) and air-dried plant (20.30 %). The yields and chemical compositions of the volatile oils obtained from Annona muricata were affected to varying degrees by the methods of moisture removal used.
COORDINATION-DRIVEN SELF-ASSEMBLY DISCRETE ORGANOPLATINUM(II) SUPRAMOLECULAR METALLACYCLE
Authors: Mbonu I. J. , Sun Y. , Stang P. J. , Sun Y.
Published: July 2022

The aim of this investigation is, to utilize coordination-driven self-assembly reactions of 4, 4′-dibromobenzophenone with tetrakis(triethyl phosphine) platinum to construct platinum-containing supramolecular metallacycle, 4, 4′-bis[trans-Pt(PEt3)2Br]benzophenone with exploitable properties for application in catalysis, energy storage, and biomedicine. The process was monitored by 1H NMR and C NMR. A 4, 4’-dibromobenzophenone and tetrakis(triethyl phosphine) platinum in the ratio 1:2 in toluene were utilized in the synthesis. In the structure, platinum ions are coordinated through the bridging ligand molecules forming polymeric chains with a four atomic environment. The coordination environment was that of a square planar geometry with two phosphorus atoms of triethyl phosphine in apical positions. The optimized geometry evaluated by DFT B3LYP-6-311G, Gaussian09W, and Avogadro models support the crystal structure of this molecule. The compound offers high reversible binding properties that can be used for designing smart surfaces for applications in catalysis, energy storage, and biomedicine. The results from the experimental investigation and computer-aided design provide insight into the best strategies, by design, and binding mode. Future works are recommended for developing this discrete supramolecular metallacycle into supramolecular metallacages for its application in the drug delivery system.
CORROSION INHIBITION CHARACTERISTICS OF Vernonia Amygdalina STEM EXTRACTS ON MILD STEEL IN ACIDIC MEDIUM
Authors: Umarani E. O. , Ngobiri N. C.
Published: July 2022

The corrosion inhibition characteristics of Vernonia Amygdalina stem extracts was carried out using gravimetric technique on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl acid solution at temperature ranges of 303 to 333 K. While the mechanism of corrosion inhibition through suspected adsorption was determined by fitting the corrosion inhibition data into the Langmuir and Temkins isotherms. The thermodynamic parameters were also mathematically determined. The results obtained exhibited good corrosion inhibition properties. The weight loss and corrosion rate of mild steel in the presence of the extract inhibitor decreased with increased extract concentration. Temperature increase, increased weight loss and consequent corrosion rate. Comparatively, the extract directly improved corrosion inhibition efficiency with extract concentration and time. The recorded low corrosion inhibition efficiency values of 52.55 percent of 5.0 g/L extract at 303 K was attributed to short measurement time interval. The isotherms data attributed the corrosion inhibition mechanism to adsorption. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm reveals that the surface of the mild steel was not uniform, whereas the Temkins isotherm reveals that repulsion on the adsorbent surface. Thermodynamically, the negative ∆Gads signifies that the Vernonia amygdalina stem extract adsorption on mild steel was a spontaneous process while lower negative ∆Gads values indicates physiosorptive process. Interestingly, the Vernonia amygdalina stem extract increased the activation energy Ea confirming its ability slow down corrosion.
KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE OXIDATION OF L-ASCORBIC ACID BY POTASSIUM TRISOXALATOFERRATE (III) TRIHYDRATE IN AQUEOUS HYDROCHLORIC ACID MEDIUM
Authors: Lungaka A. P. , Lohdip Y. N. , Gongden J. J.
Published: July 2022

The kinetics of the oxidation of K3[Fe(C2O4)3].3H2O by L-ascorbic acid has been studied in aqueous acidic medium. The stoichiometric studies showed that 1 mole of H2A was oxidized for every 2 moles of Fe(C2O4)33- reduced. Under pseudo-first order conditions of H2A >> Fe(C2O4)33-, the reaction was found to have first order dependence on each of the reactants, giving second order overall. The reaction rate was found to be directly dependent on acid concentration and increased with increase in ionic strength of reaction system. It was also evident that increase in dielectric constant of the reaction medium (D) enhanced the reaction rate and addition of CH3COO-, HCOO-, Mg2+and Li+ catalyzed the rate of the reaction. The oxidation of L-ascorbic acid by potassium trisoxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate is rationalized in terms of absence of ion pair complex formation with outer-sphere reaction pathway characteristics.
LEVEL OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN BLOOD AND URINE SAMPLES OF FARMWORKERS INVOLVED IN PESTICIDES APPLICATION IN YOLA, ADAMAWA STATE.
Authors: Maspalma G.A. , Hamid M.B , Biman K.A. , Maryam U. A. , Muhammad S.B , Hamman K.S.
Published: July 2022

Despite pesticides being used by farmers in Yola, there has been no data on the levels of organochlorine (OC) residues in farmworker blood and urine that indicate chronic exposure to pesticides. Blood and urine samples were collected from the farmworkers involved in pesticide spraying activities at two different farms from Twenty volunteers comprising of 15 males and 5 Females. The samples were analyzed using a Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The results obtained revealed that among the organochlorine residues detected in the farmers’ blood and urine sample, DDE one the metabolites of DDT are the most frequently detected with a mean concentration of 0.0450 mg/L for blood samples and 0.0050mg/L for urine samples. DDE showed the highest mean concentration among all organochlorine residues detected in both samples. The lowest mean concentration was found in β - endosulfan (0. 0002mg.L) in blood samples and Aldrin(0.0009mg/L) in urine samples. The study reveals that the method for the whole blood analysis is a suitable tool in investigating the exposure of spray men and women to environmental pollutants and that urine analysis is not reliable as an analytic tool to measure the body burden of these compounds. Hence continuous monitoring of these pesticides is required to avert various environmental and health hazards that may arise from these pollutants.
PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIMIROBIAL SCREENING AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS OF STEM-BARK AND ROOT EXTRACTS OF NEWBOULDIA LAEVIS (BOUNDARY TREE)
Authors: Orakwue F. C. , Okafor V. N. , Obumselu F. O. , Okoli J. O. , Nnamdi K. C.
Published: July 2022

Increasing awareness of multi-drug resistant strains of microorganisms and the hazards associated with the use of synthetic / orthodox drugs has increased investigations on plant extracts as possible alternative drugs. Extracts of Newbouldia laevis stem-bark and root were subjected to phytochemical and antimicrobial screening as well as heavy metal concentration content. The aim was to investigate the potentiality of using the extracts as alternative to synthetic / orthodox drugs and conduct ecological, and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in the extracts. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out using standard methods. Antimicrobial activities of the aqueous, methanol and n-hexane extracts were carried out using agar well diffusion method. The test organisms were laboratory isolates of Salmolella tyhpi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomanas aeruginosa, Aspergellus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albican. Metal concentration of the extracts was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of the following phytochemicals in the stem-back and root extracts: alkaloid (1.00%, 4.00%), flavonoids (7.00%, 0.60%), saponins (10.00%, 11.00%), cardiac glycosides (2.24%, 3.06%), steroids (2.50%,4.87%), terpenoids (1.80%, 1.26%), and tannins (6.00%,10.00%) respectively. The survey of heavy metal concentration was Zn (12.10 mg/kg), Mn (3.45 mg/kg), Cr (4.55) and Zn (10.80 mg/kg), Mn (2.88 mg/kg) and Cr (4.99 mg/kg) in stem bark and root extracts respectively. Cd, Cu and Pb were not detected in both extracts. This showed that the levels of concentrations of the metals determined were generally below the maximum permissible limits established by International regulatory bodies.  All the extracts inhibited growth of the test organisms. The aqueous and ethanol extracts proved more potent than the positive control (tetracycline). The results of ecological risk assessment showed PERI, Cdeg, mCdeg and PLI values of 0.8097, 0.1423, 0.0474 and 0.1222 respectively for the stem bark extract and 0.7015, 0.1332, 0.0444 and 0.1139 respectively for the root extract. Human health risk assessment of the heavy metals gave a total hazard index of 0.0764 and 0.0667 for stem bark and root extracts respectively. These ecological and human health risk assessment results indicated no risk in taking the extracts as alternative medicine.  This study therefore has justified ethno-medical use of the plant for the treatment of diseases caused by these pathogens
EVALUATION OF MOULD AND TOTAL AFLATOXIN CONTENT IN RAW AND PROCESSED GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) PRODUCTS FROM AN EXTENSIVE AGRARIAN STATE IN CENTRAL-NIGERIA.
Authors: Tyohemba R. L. , Asemave K. , Ahile U. J. , Ahundu S. T. , Atoo G. H. , Ubwa S. T.
Published: July 2022

Fifty-four samples of groundnut products (including control and purchased) were collected from several locations in Benue State-Nigeria and assessed for total Aflatoxins (TAF) using Direct Competitive Enzymes-linked Immunosorbent Assay method (ELISA). Microbial isolation, identification and estimation was made for all samples. The results implied that TAF were detected in 100 % of the groundnut products. The highest incidence of TAF occurred in the paste (6.30 -10.26 µg/kg) followed by oil (0.53- 8.00 µg/kg) and cake (0.36-3.00 µg/kg). These levels were however below the 20 μg/kg maximum permissible limits (MPL) set by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) in Nigeria and the 10 μg/kg limit of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). In addition, the results showed a strong positive correlation between the moisture content and the concentration of aflatoxin. Mould count/isolation results identified a total of 305 isolates with Aspergillus flavus having an occurrence of 137 (44.92 %) being the major isolate among others. There was no significant difference in the levels of total aflatoxin between the processed and purchased groundnut samples. The TAF reported in these products are likely to be infiltrated from raw groundnuts from the farm, during storage or handling. This paper is the first in the study area that documents the importance in routine check for aflatoxin content in groundnut products which is vital in reducing chances of aflatoxin poisoning from these products.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF EXTRACTS PRODUCED BY ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM THE ROOT OF Lawsonia inermis ANTIMICROBIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF EXTRACTS PRODUCED BY ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM THE ROOT OF Lawsonia inermis
Authors: Audi H. A. , Mudi S. Y.
Published: July 2022

Endophytic fungi produced a secondary metabolite similar to their host plant; therefore it can be used as a source of producing active metabolites which lead in drug discoveries. The present study evaluate the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from Lawsonia inermis and isolation of bioactive compounds for new antimicrobial agent. Fresh plant root materials were used for the isolation process, Aspergillus niger was identified as the species present on the plant. The screening of fungal for biological active secondary metabolites was carried out on malt broth fermentation. The broth filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate and partitioned using a separating funnel. Disc diffusion methods of an antimicrobial sensitivity test at 100μg/disc, 50μg/disc, 25μg/disc 12.5μg/disc was adopted in testing the bioactivity of the extract against two clinical bacterial isolates of staphylococcus Aureus, Escheria coli and two clinical fungal isolates of Candida Albican and Aspergillus Flavus using disc diffution techniques. The extract were further subjected to phytochemical screening to detect the presence of secondary metabolites using standard procedures. The sensitivity test results showed that all the tested isolates are sensitive to extract at 12.5µg/disc as follows: Staphylococcus Aureus (10mm) , Escheria coli (11mm) , Candida Albican (7mm) and Aspergillus Flavus (8mm) . The result of phytochemical screening indicates the presence of alkaloids, cardical glycosides ,resins , saponins ,tannins , triterpenoids .The bioassay from the ethyl acecate fraction (HR) of the metabolite using column chromatography ,lead to the isolation of three pure compounds. The results of the antimicrobial activity of the isolated compounds indicated that (HR-102) was more potent against candida albican (11mm) at 12.5μg/disc followed by staphylococcus aureus (10mm) at 12.5μg/disc, escheria coli (9mm) at 12.5μg/disc, aspergillus flavus (8mm) at 12.5μg/disc. This signifies the potency for the development of therapeutic agent against pathogenic microorganisms. phytochemical screening of the three extracts fraction revealed the presence of alkaloids , steroids ,resins , triterpenoids .
SOLID-STATE SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF Fe (II) COMPLEX DERIVED FROM PARACETAMOL
Authors: Jibril S. , Baraya K. A. , Muhammad S. , Musa I. , Garba A. , Adamu S. B. , Bello I.
Published: July 2022

New solid-state metal complex of Fe (II) with paracetamol (ligand), that is, [Fe(para)2Cl2] were synthesized mechanically in 1:2 ratio. The complex has been characterized using physicochemical properties and spectral studies. From the IR and electronic spectral studies, the spectra of the complex were different from that of ligand suggesting the formation of coordination compound. Paracetamol was found to be bidentate ligand in which Fe (II) ion coordinated through the oxygen atom of carbonyl of ketone and nitrogen atom of amide in which the complex is assumed to have octahedral geometry. The complex has shown good antimicrobial activities. The solid-state synthetic method is quick and gives a higher yield, without the need of solvent or heating. Its present higher efficiency in terms of materials, time and energy compared to solution-based synthesis. It is therefore, recommended among others that, solid-state synthesis method should be used in the synthesizing drugs with metals.
MORPHOLIGICAL AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES ON THE FORTIFICATION OF STARCH FROM MAIZE WITH ISOLATED AND CHARACTERIZED DEFATTED SOYBEAN GLOBULINS POWDER
Authors: Eke U. B. , Yusuff O. K. , Degni S. K. , Enietan O. O.
Published: July 2022

Fortification of indigenous infant weaning meal with protein from leguminous plants such as soybean can actually improve its nutritive value. This study investigates the stability and composition of soy-based formulations with maize starch and determines the nature of intermolecular interaction between the protein and the starch molecules. Dry protein powders were isolated from the legumes and the percentage crude protein was confirmed by proximate analysis. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to visualize the surface morphology of the defatted soybean, starch, dry protein powders and protein–starch composite. Molecular docking was used to investigate the nature of the binding and interaction between the 7S and 11S globulin storage protein in soybean and the Cyclo-Amylose and amylopectin present in starch. The results reveal that the blending of maize starch with the dry protein powders yielded a uniformly mixed protein–starch gel in all proportions with the best binding pose of the amylopectin with the 11S and 7S globulins having binding affinity energies of -11.0 and -10.8 kcalmol-1 respectively, while for the amylose, the binding affinity energies are -3.8 and -3.7 kcalmol-1 for the 11S and 7S globulins respectively. These results indicate higher propensity of amylopectin in the formation of protein–starch complex.
CHEMICAL PROFILING AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF VOLATILE LEAF OILS ISOLATED FROM THREE MANGROVES GROWING IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ndukwe G. I. , Ekong R. E. , Odazie P. G. , Baridam S. S.
Published: July 2022

Eichhornia crassipes, Pandanus candelabrum and Cyrtosperma merkusii are mangroves from the families Pontederiaceae, Pandanaceae and Areceae, respectively. Volatile oils were obtained from the fresh leaves of these mangroves through hydro distillation. The profiling was achieved through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry while the antimicrobial potential was evaluated against six microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) using the microbroth dilution method. Volatile oils of the mangroves showed good activity against all the tested organisms with minimum inhibitory concentration range of 12.5 - 50 mg/ml. Major components of the volatile oils were trans-13-octadecenoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, kaur-16-ene, (E)-camphene, phytol and caryophyllene.
BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ACANTHUS MONTANUS LEAVES EXTRACT
Authors: Akinsipo O. B. , Mustapha T. O. , Adams A. N.
Published: July 2022

The tremendous application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the various scientific fields has rendered its synthesis to be largely significant in the scientific community. Interestingly, plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles appears sustainable over the conventional synthetic method as a result of the cheap, safe, fast, and clean outcome. This study, for the first time, investigates the potential of Acanthus montanus leaves extract as a biological reducing agent capable of synthesizing AgNPs. Qualitative phytochemical investigation of A. montanus methanolic leaves extract was studied and AgNPs were prepared at different concentrations, using the green-synthetic method. Obtained AgNPs were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results of the qualitative phytochemical studies revealed the presence of important phytochemicals. After 6 hours, the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles was confirmed from the observed colour change from light yellow to dark/reddish brown. The UV-visible spectrum showed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance at 450 nm while XRD analysis revealed crystalline AgNPs. Microscopic investigation of A. montanus-synthesized AgNPs with SEM showed a non-uniform morphology including spheres and wires. EDS analysis confirmed the presence of elemental silver in abundance. For the first time, A. montanus leaves extract was employed in the synthesis of AgNPs and our results have proven its effectiveness as an interesting bioreducing agent required for the synthesis of clean and non-toxic AgNPs.
INDUSTRIAL IMPACT ON SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN ECONOMIC FISH WITHIN THE RIVER IN NNEWI-NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE NIGERIA
Authors: Akannam P. O. , Adedeji S. A.
Published: July 2022

This work was carried out to research on the Industrial impact of selected heavy metals in economic fish samples in Eze river of Nnewi-North, Anambra State, Nigeria. The levels of seven heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu, and Cd) in selected fish samples (Clariasgariepinus, Oreochromisneloticus, Pseudotolithus elongates) from the area were detected using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique. The HN03-HCl method was used in the fish sample digestion. All the fish samples collected from the Eze river contained the six heavy metals analyzed. The mean concentrations(µg/g) of heavy metals in the fish samples from the studied area were 1.85 for Pb, 0.86 for Mn, 3.38 for Zn, 1.18 for Cr, 2.84 for Cu and 0.43 for Cd. With the exception of Pb and Cd most metals were within the acceptable levels in the fish. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and the hazard index (HI) values were evaluated in order to assess the health risk of the inhabitants of Nnewi-north and environs due to heavy metal intake from food crops. The values were less than 1 in all the fish samples; therefore, their consumption does not pose any health risk concern. Metal-metal correlation was carried out using Pearson’s product moments. Most elemental pairs show significant correlation with each other, this implies that each paired element has common pollution sources. In conclusion, the investigated area has been affected by the industrial activities. So control measures stated by regulatory authorities should be enforced in all the industries.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ALPHA AND BETA AMYRINS FROM PROPOLIS OBTAINED FROM BENUE STATE
Authors: Ipav S. S. , Igoli J. O. , Tor-Anyiin T. A. , Anyam J. V.
Published: July 2022

Chemical composition of propolis has been reported to be phyto-geographical in nature. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize chemical compounds from hexane and ethyl acetate extract of propolis obtained from Gboko. To isolate compounds, extract was subjected to column chromatography by gradient elution using two solvent mixtures - hexane: ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate: methanol. The structure of the isolated compound was established using 1H-NMR and further verification of data on the compound by comparison with literature reports. α-amyrin, β-amyrin, α-amyrin acetate and β-amyrin acetate, known pharmacologically active pentacyclic triterpenoids, were isolated from the hexane and ethyl acetate extract of this propolis.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NATURAL RUBBER MEMBRANES FOR SUSTAINED TRANSDERMAL DRUG RELEASE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Ilesanmi N. Y. , Akinlabi A. K. , Falope F. Y. , Mosaku A. M. , Falomo A. A. , Oladipo G. , Oni S.
Published: July 2022

The improvement in the style of drug release and increase in the demand for biomaterials that continuously release substances of pharmacological interest is on the increase in medicinal chemistry. Natural rubber is a polymeric material that is readily available with an exceptional matrix-forming feature which makes it suitable for controlling drug delivery system. Natural rubber latex was obtained from the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, with exceptional matrix forming features needed for this research. This study developed an exceptional matrix-forming feature and sustainable system of delivery of phytochemicals with natural rubber latex matrix serving as the base for the transdermal patches. Natural rubber latex was centrifuged at 8000 rpm to remove the leachable protein. The modified natural rubber latex and phytochemicals were polymerized at –10, 15, 35, 50 °C. The biomembrane was characterised using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy and ImageJ. From the results of the size distribution, the number of pores in the biomembranes and the overall morphology of the biomembranes depend on the temperature of polymerisation. Results confirmed that the polymerized biomembrane at –10°C was the best system for drug-delivery for phytochemicals. The bioactive compound (phytochemicals) and matrix did not interact chemically as revealed by FTIR analysis. Only 32% of all integrated extracts were released within 72 hours in the biomembrane for the phytochemical. The average pore sizes also decreased as the temperature of polymerization increased. ImageJ analysis revealed that the average pores of phytochemical biomembranes polymerized at -10, 15, 35, and 50 oC were 4.54, 3.24, 1.23 and 0.58 μm respectively. The images from the SEM showed a bioactive portion on the surface of the matrix, which was responsible for the fast release. Similarly, some bioactive portions were observed in the matrix which was the cause of the slow release. The antioxidant activities of the bioactive substances were sustained even when they have been integrated into the matrix. The results confirmed that the biomembranes produced have shown effectiveness as a model in the release of bioactive compounds (phytochemicals) for transdermal purposes.
Gaming And Esports in India
Authors: Chandrakant Morye Pranay , Gonsalves Flavia
Published: July 2022

E-sports are growing all over in India, with the significant help of fast broadband connection providers and large population under the age of 30. As readers we are not aware about the massive extension of E-sports worldwide, integrated with its distinctive attributes and rising Gaming industry. This paper tracks the trends, growth and issues regarding the E-sports Community in India and justifies the interest of youth in Game development or being an E-sport Athlete
La evocación nostálgica del Barroco y del Rococó en la pintura de género de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX: el caso de los artistas aragoneses en París
Authors: Juberías Gracia Guillermo
Published: July 2022

Los creadores dedicados a la pintura de género en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX recurrieron con frecuencia a la inspiración en las escuelas pictóricas del pasado. Este fenómeno cobró especial fuerza en París, donde los maestros de la pintura oficial recuperaron tendencias propias de la pintura flamenca, holandesa y francesa del siglo XVII y de la escuela Rococó del XVIII, teniendo su eco en los pintores españoles asentados en lacapital francesa. A lo largo del presente artículo se analiza la recuperación de este arte de los siglos pretéritos en la producción de varios artistas aragoneses instalados en París, cuyas trayectorias no han sido todavía suficientemente investigadas. Para ello, presentamos varias obras inéditas realizadas durante sus etapas parisinas, que se insertan a la perfección en este gusto historicista de imitación de la pintura del pasado.
Algunas aportaciones sobre las trazas barrocas originales de la Casa de las Cadenas en Cádiz
Authors: Alonso de la Sierra Fernández Juan
Published: July 2022

La Casa de las Cadenas fue edificada por un comerciante sobre el lugar que ocupaba su anterior vivienda. El motivo fue conmemorar que, durante la procesión del día del Corpus Christi de 1692, la custodia se había resguardado allí de una gran tormenta. Tras haberle concedido Carlos II el privilegio de Cadenas, encargó en Génova una importante portada y otras piezas de mármol, en una de las cuales, situada en la torre, se localiza la firma de Ponzanelli. Sucesivas reformas fueron alterando o eliminaron elementos sustanciales de las trazas barrocas originales. Pero en los paramentos renovados han pervivido algunos elementos antiguos, mientras que otros es posible identificarlos en documentos fotográficos. El análisis de estas evidencias y su cotejo con otras fuentes permite conocer características perdidas del diseño original y también comprender la ubicación de la firma del escultor en un lugar aparentemente secundario.
The Effect of Work Environment and Compensation on Employee Performance
Authors: Qomariyah Siti Nur , Akmaluddin Ahmad Ivan , Khasan Umar
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the working environment and compensation to employee performance at PT. Jombang Intermedia Press (Radar Jombang). The sample of this research is a permanent employee at PT. Jombang Intermedia Press (Radar Jombang) by 40 respondents. Methods of analyzing data used in this study include testing instrument, the classical assumption, t test, F test and multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the Work Environment and Compensation positive and significant effect on the performance of employees at PT. Jombang Intermedia Press (Radar Jombang). Therefore, PT. Jombang Intermedia Press (Radar Jombang) should maintain and facilitate all the needs of physically and psychologically to support all forms of employees' work activities.
The Influence between Situational Interview and Behavioral Event Interview to the Performance and Productivity of Employees in Ceramic Companies in East Java
Authors: Hidayat Wanda Gema Prasadio Akbar
Published: July 2022

This research tries to esplain the correlation between the situational interview, behavioral event interview, and the impact toward the productivity in ceramic companies in East Java. Data is obtained from the sample of 170 employees on operator level at production department, including Raw Material, Body Preparation, Drying process and Packing using random sampling technique. This research is a correlational quantitative research. The examination method used is Structural Equational Modeling with the tools from software AMOS 22.0. There are three findings. First, situational interview significantly influences the performance and is impactful toward productivity. Secondly, behavioral event interview insignificantly influences performance and the third performance significantly influences the work productivity. The result of the research also shows that variable of situational interview and behavior event interview dominantly shaping the work productivity.
Analisis Struktur Kepemilikan Perusahaan, Corporate Social Responsibility, Dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak
Authors: Sarirati Putri , Wahyuningsih Nur
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh struktur kepemilikan perusahaan (INS), corporate social responbility (CSR) dan kualitas audit (KUA) terhadap agresivitas pajak (ETR)  (Studi Empiris pada perusahaan manufaktur subsektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia 2017-2019). Penelitian ini menggunakan data time series tahunan yang dianalisis dengan analisis jalur (regresi  linier berganda).  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kepemilikan Institusional  tidak berpengaruh terhadap ETR perusahaan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa thitung lebih kecil dari ttabel  (-1,154 2,03693) serta nilai signifikasi sebesar 0,130 lebih besar dari 0,05 atau 0,1300,05 . Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepemilikan institusional tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)  tidak berpengaruh terhadap agresivitas pajak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa thitung lebih kecil dari ttabel (4,99 2,03693) serta nilai signifikasi sebesat 0,621 lebih besar dari 0,05 atau 0,621 0,05. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa CSR tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak. Kualitas Audit mempunyai berpengaruh terhadap agresivitas pajak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa thitung lebih kecil dari ttabel (2,7762,03693) serta nilai signifikasi sebesat 0,009 kurang dari  0,05 atau 0,009 0,05.  Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas audit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak.
Analisis Tentang Budaya Sekolah dan Kompetensi Guru terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri Se Kecamatan Cibuaya Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Saefudin Usep
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh budaya sekolah dan kompetensi guru   terhadap kinerja guru di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Se Kecamatan Cibuaya Kabupaten Karawang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling (n = 51 ), dan teknik analisis data menggunakan Korelasi dan Regresi dengan program SPSS versi 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budaya sekolah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru (t hitung = 5,268, p 0,05). Kompentensi guru berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja guru (t hitung = 11,496, p 0,05).Budaya sekolah  dan kompetensi guru secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru (F hitung = 196,674, p 0,05). Kontribusi budaya sekolah dan kompetensi guru terhadap peningkatan kinerja guru ditunjukan oleh nilai Adjusted R Square sebesar  0,811 atau (81,1%). Sisanya sebanyak 18.9% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. Implikasi  penelitian ini adalah  harus ada kebijakan kepala Sekolah dalam upaya peningkatan budaya sekolah dan kompetensi guru.  Untuk perbaikan perbaikan kinerja guru melalui program pendidikan, pelatihan dan penerapan buadaya sekolah dan aturan disiplin guru agar terjadi peningkatan komptensi dan kinerja guru.
Role of Karanjadi Ghrita for the Management of Bhagandara (Fistula-in-Ano)
Authors: Amar Kumar  , Dezi Kumari  , Rajendra Kumar
Published: July 2022

In Ayurveda, fistula-in-ano is known as Bhagandara which considered in Asta Mahagada. This disease has been considered in Asta Mahagada in Ayurvedic classics due to its complications and more recurrence rate. Nowadays this disease is increasing due to more prone to sedentary life style. Using of Kshara Sutra therapy in case of Bhagandara is for a long time. Kshar Sutra therapy is big revolution in the case of this disease, but it has still challenges for finding satisfactory cure. It has some complications like severe post-procedural pain, burning sensation, inflammation, discharge, itching and enhances the Pitta Dosha. To overcome these complications of Kshara Sutra, a clinical study was conducted that using of Karanjadi Ghrita by their local application after the therapy of Kshara Sutra. Mainly, the contents of Karanjadi Ghrita have cleaning and healing properties. Maximum ingredients of this medicine were having Tikta and Kashaya in Rasa. Tikta and Kashaya rasa promote the ulcer healing by his Shodhana and Ropana properties. Some of the drugs of Karanjadi Ghrita have analgesic properties, reduce inflammation qualities and reduces burning sensation properties. Karanjadi Ghrita has stopped bacterial growth and their toxicity by the reduce infection and reduce toxicity properties of ingredients. It proves that Karanjadi Ghrita reduces the Pitta Dosha and overcome the complications. It was found that Karanjadi Ghrita with Kshara Sutra was more efficient and can be considered a better method.
A Study on the Peripheral Atmosphere Supporting Lotus Flower of India’s Backwater- Kerala
Authors: Yamini  , SR Singara Subramanian
Published: July 2022

Lotus flowers from Kerala’s Vembanad Lake have been extracted from specific core water locations along with water samples and has been analysed in order to develop dried Lotus Tea as in Bags with name as “Indian Pankaj” that will help in health-related issues as being a natural treatment for disorders like insomnia, high cholesterol, diabetes, anxiety, stress etc., being a part of daily routine. It is found that the water supporting these lotus petals from Vembanad lake is having traces of calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, silicate, sodium, bicarbonate and potassium in good content, rich in antioxidants along with essential nutrients to support white blood cells, the fluid mechanism, the immune transporter which ensures that the atmosphere of lake is full of essential minerals in order to support this lotus tea from Kerala, Backwaters. Too, because of the Vitamin D enrichment making these water lilies exceptional as they used to bloom in the first half of morning and used to shut down slowly when approaching to evening i.e., it functions according to the sunrise with sunlight. Observed the same when brought to room temperature for testing and trials. Pictures are enclosed in the paper. As we know that sunlight in its own is a therapy for so many diseases. Drinking Vitamin D enriched water is eligible to remove deficiencies of bones and blood via purification. Therefore, in this study, it is suggested to drink this beverage containing lotus extracts that will be able to develop a strong metabolism against certain infections and disorders in order to maintain a healthy medicine free living. Lastly, but not at least, would like to add up via saying- Let food be your first medicine and kitchen be your pharmacy. That’s the power of Lotus Petals.
Applied Aspect of Panchakarma and their Mechanism of Action in Urdhwajatru Gata-Roga (Disease of Eye, ENT, Orodental, Head and Scalp)
Authors: Tarun Kumar Dwibedi  , Shifali Sahu  , Nibedita Panda
Published: July 2022

The phrase “Swasthyasya Swasthya Rakshnam” represents, maintaining the health of a healthy person, prevention of disease and “Aaturasya Vikara Prasamanam”, which means curing the disease of ailing person. These are the main aim and objective of Ayurved. The Shalakyatantra, a part of Astanga Ayurved, deals with the disease above throat. It includes the disease and treatment of Netra, Karna, Nasa, Kantha, Mukha, Danta and Siro-Kapala Gata Roga. Sansamana (conservative), Samsodhana (Panchakarma) and the Shastra chikitsa (surgical procedures) are the essential treatment modalities followed to treat a disease. These are the basic treatment modalities, explained in the classical texts of Ayurved. Panchakarma is a branch Ayurveda, meant for the removal of vitiated Dosha, Mala or toxic part of body and balances Dosha-Dushya through, Vamana, Virechana, Nashya, Basti, Rakta Mokshyana etc. In the disease like Abhisyanda, Adhimantha Timira, Danta Nadi, Upakusha and Dusthapratishyaya, most of the Panchakarma therapies are indicated according to the severity of the disease. In practice the patient, who undergoes Panchakarma or Sodhana Chikitsa as Pradhana karma or Poorvakarma shows better result than the patient treated without Sodhanakarma. The patients, treated with Sodhanakarma recover faster than patient treated only with Shamana-chikitsa does. Therefore, increasing and mainstreaming the Panchakarma procedure in Shalakya Tantra will definitely provide an effective and satisfactory outcome in Urdhwajatrugata disorders.
A Cross Sectional Study Assessing Prevalence of Depression and Associated Factors Among Post Myocardial Infarction Out-Patients at a Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Worku Surafel
Published: July 2022

Background: The World Bank and the World Health Organization (WHO) predict that depression and coronary heart disease will be the largest causes of global health burden and disability by the year 2020. Although no countrywide study has been done on the prevalence of Post myocardial infarction (MI) depression in Ethiopia; It is thought to be higher than the possibly conservative rates of major depression in the general population as reported by multiple studies. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among Post MI out- patients at a teaching hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among 164 MI patients on follow up at SPHMMC Cardiology OPD. Patient health questionnaire 9 was use to screen depression. Data was collected from September 1 to October 15 2020. The data was entered, analyzed and interpreted using SPSS version 25 software. Result: A total of 164 participants were enrolled in to the study, about 88(43.7%) of the participants were females. The mean age was 44.9 (S.DS±1) years. Prevalence of depression was found out to be (12.7%). Type of MI was the single independent factor found to have significant association with depression, having NSTEMI has 2.53-time hire risk of depression compared to STMI. (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of depression among MI patients. Therefore, developing early screening and detecting strategies and making it part of standard management for patients with MI is of a high value.
Implementation of the Regita Model to Improve Learning Activities of Fifth-Grade Elementary School Students
Authors:   Primary Teacher Education, Lambung Mangkurat University, South Borneo, Indonesia.
Published: July 2022

The target of the research implemented is to describe teacher activities, student activities and learning outcomes on the theme of events in the life of social studies through the REGITA model. The research was CAR type and the subject of the fifth-grade students of SD Alalak Selatan 2 Banjarmasin in 2019/2020 was 34 students. The research instrument was in the form of an observation sheet of teacher and student activities. Based on the implementation of the results of this research, it can be concluded that the REGITA model is able to increase the activities of teachers, students and student learning outcomes. Therefore, the hypothesis can be accepted.
Storytelling Through Music to Facilitate Meaning Reconstruction and Address Psychosocial Stress in Oncology Nurses
Authors: Phillips Carolyn , Volker Deborah , Jones Barbara
Published: July 2022

Frontline healthcare workers are exposed to significant suffering and loss. Recent studies have shown increased rates of depression and suicide among nurses and physicians when compared to the general population. Few clinician well-being interventions focus on increasing the awareness and expression of clinician’s emotions to improve psychosocial well-being. In particular, nurses are at the forefront of cancer care, and studies indicate that they cope with work-related emotions in isolation. Storytelling Through Music is a 6-week intervention that combines storytelling, reflective writing, songwriting, and stress management skills. The parent study was a quasi-experimental design, with 43 oncology nurses in either the intervention group or a non-randomized comparison group. This study evaluates the post-intervention qualitative data from participants in the intervention group (n=22). Content analysis was used for analysis, which revealed the following themes: belonging, finding meaning, and emotional transformation. Participants reported learning they were not alone in the emotional experience, that they were reminded of why they work in oncology, and that hearing their story in song transformed their feelings from sadness to something beautiful. Further, they described that hearing their story reflected back to them in song was deeply moving and provided them with emotional insight.
PRACTICES OF MANAGING STUDENTS’ SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL GOALS IN MAKERERE UNIVERSITY (UGANDA)
Authors: Mukisa Elizabeth Juliet , Kimoga Joseph , Musoke Gyaviira Genza
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Prompted by persistent complaints from different stakeholders in regard to the problem of managing diversity of student socio-economic status in Makerere University, the study set out to examine the factors that enable or disable the students from Low Socio-Economic Status (LSES) backgrounds from achieving their educational goals at Makerere University (Uganda).

Methodology: The study drew on social justice literature to stimulate debate on why and how such LSES students can be supported to achieve their educational goals. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design, which was approached from a mixed research paradigm where both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 410 Makerere University students. Using closed-ended questionnaires and focused interview guides

Findings: The study discovered that management practices like financial and material resources mobilization for the underprivileged were absent. It was therefore concluded that practices on socio-economic diversity reflected absence of recognitive and distributive equity.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study’s major contribution lies in the provision of knowledge on up-to-date policies and practices of managing student SES diversity to enable students of a LSES background to achieve their educational goals.