bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitriding behaviour of the intermetallic alloy FeAl
Authors: Spies Heinz-Joachim , Biermann Horst , Fischer Anke
Published: February 2022

An iron-based intermetallic FeAl alloy was gas nitrided under well-defined conditions, and the influences of the process parameters, i. e., time, temperature, and nitriding potential on the layer formation, were investigated. Microstructural, morphological, and chemical characterization of the nitride layer was performed by means of glow discharge optical spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, internal-stress measurement, hardness– depth profiles, and indentation fracture mechanics. Pin-on-disk tests were carried out to investigate the load-bearing capacity and wear resistance of the nitride layers. The formation of hexagonal AlN during the nitriding treatment leads to an increase in hardness of about 920 – 980 HV 0.025 and to a significant improvement of the wear resistance. Additional annealing tests proved the thermal stability of the nitride layer up to 950 °C.
On the Orowan stress in intermetallic ODS alloys and its superposition with grain size and solid solution hardening
Authors: Saage Holger , Heilmaier Martin , Eckert Jürgen
Published: February 2022

The intermetallic trialuminide Al67Ti25Cr8 was strengthened by nano-scaled dispersions of up to 3 vol.% yttrium and aluminum oxide via mechanical milling. Subsequent powder consolidation, heat treatment, and thermo-mechani-cal treatment yielded grain growth to an increasing degree, resulting in grain sizes ranging from sub-μm level to about 0.5 mm. Consequently, the room-temperature yield strength σ
0 as determined by constant compression rate tests, increases due to three different hardening contributions, namely dispersion strengthening σ
OR due to Orowan bypassing, fine-grain strengthening σ
HP due to Hall-Petch relation, and, finally, as virtually always present, some solid-solution strengthening σ
s. The analysis of the particle parameters was done using TEM as well as focused ion beam (FIB) imaging. The latter provides the opportunity to directly determine the mean radius r

s
of planar intersections with spherical particles and their nearest-neighbour spacing L since it displays a plane section through the 3-dimensional arrangement of dispersoids. The analysis of the strengthening contributions indicates that a Pythagorean superposition permits an appropriate modeling of the measured yield strength σ
0.
Effects of particle reinforcement on creep behaviour of AlSi1MgCu
Authors: Requena Guillermo Carlos , Degischer Hans Peter
Published: February 2022

The creep resistance of an unreinforced and a particle-reinforced AlSi1MgCu alloy (AA6061) produced by liquid metallurgy was studied by means of conventional tensile creep tests at 300 °C. Dislocation-creep mechanism is attributed to both materials in the range of 15 – 50 MPa. The particlereinforced metal (PRM) exhibits a higher creep rate than the matrix alloy because of the particles acting as dislocation sources and the increase of the apparent diffusion coefficient due to a higher defect density. The apparently smaller creep exponent for the matrix is explained by the overaging of Mg2Si precipitates during longterm tests. Void formation leads to strain localisation in the unreinforced alloy, which is dispersed by the particles reducing the damage rate in the PRM. Subsequently, the time to rupture of the PRM surpasses that of the unreinforced matrix at creep stresses smaller than 10 –3 G (20 MPa).
Focussing and defocussing effects at radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy analyses of thin films with partly nonconductive components
Authors: Hoffmann Volker , Hecker Michael , Hübner René
Published: February 2022

The application of radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy for the investigation of the stability of different diffusion barriers for microelectronic applications against thermal diffusion of Cu is presented. Difficulties in the interpretation of the glow discharge results are overcome by performing an additional special experiment, where conductive and nonconductive parts are sputtered intentionally at the same time.

As a consequence of the investigations, care must be taken, if glow discharge spectrometry is applied to samples with conductive and nonconductive components.
Structure, properties and applications of diamond-like carbon coatings prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering
Authors: Bewilogua Klaus , Brand Jochen , Thomsen Helge , Weber Martin , Wittorf Ralf
Published: February 2022

Metal containing and metal free amorphous diamond-like carbon films were prepared by reactive magnetron sputter deposition using targets from transition metals or graphite and acetylene as reactive gas. Both types of coating materials are well known for their low friction coefficients. However, metal containing films exhibit clearly lower wear resistances and lower hardness values than metal free films. To study the differences between both materials, tungsten containing and metal free coatings were compared. The deposition experiments were carried out in an industrial scale d.c. magnetron sputter machine. Transmission electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy as well as hardness measurements and wear tests were performed to characterize and to compare composition, structure, mechanical, and tribological properties of both coating materials.
„Zu verbessern hielt ich für keine gute Idee in dieser Situation“ – zur mündlichen Korrekturkompetenz als Teil der universitären Ausbildung von DaF-Lehrkräften
Authors: Hertzel Angelique , Zeyer Tamara
Published: February 2022

Was genau als Fehler identifiziert wird und wie eine angemessene Reaktion darauf in fremdsprachlichen Erwerbskontexten aussehen sollte, gilt als eine der zentralen Herausforderungen für unterrichtliche Interaktionen. Im Beitrag wird eine qualitative Studie zum Korrekturverhalten von DaF-Masterstudierenden im Gießener Elektronischen Praktikum (GEP) der Universität Gießen vorgestellt.
Orientierungen angehender Lehrpersonen im Bereich Sprachbildung und Deutsch als Zweitsprache: Rekonstruktionen von Praxiserfahrungen
Authors: Skintey Lesya
Published: February 2022

Die Professionalisierung angehender Lehrkräfte für Fragen rund um sprachliche Bildung, Deutsch als Zweitsprache und Mehrsprachigkeit ist in den letzten Jahren verstärkt in den Blick der Praxis und Forschung der Lehrkräfteausbildung gerückt. Während in der bisherigen Forschung vor allem Wissen und Einstellungen als Elemente der DaZ-Kompetenz bei Studierenden untersucht wurden, wird in diesem Beitrag der Frage nachgegangen, wie angehende Lehrkräfte mit sprachlich-kultureller Heterogenität in der Praxis umgehen. Im Fokus stehen dabei die Ergebnisse einer Studie zu Orientierungen von Lehramtsstudierenden, die an einer Zusatzqualifizierung im Bereich Sprachbildung und Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprache teilnehmen. Anhand von ausgewählten Praktikumsberichten und transkribierten Reflexionsgesprächen wurden mittels der dokumentarischen Methode handlungsleitende Orientierungen der Studierenden bei der Unterrichtsplanung, -durchführung und -reflexion rekonstruiert. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass sich die Zertifikatsteilnehmenden bei der Praxisgestaltung neben den fachwissenschaftlichen und fachdidaktischen Wissensbeständen auch an strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen, Lehrmaterialien, Perspektiven der anderen Akteur*innen und alltäglichen Wissensbeständen orientieren. Diese Erkenntnisse werden im Hinblick auf deren Relevanz für die weitere Forschung und Lehrkräfteprofessionalisierung diskutiert.
Throughput analysis of dual hop hybrid RF-VLC system with wireless energy harvesting
Authors: Vats Anshul , Aggarwal Mona , Ahuja Swaran
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study a dual hop hybrid radio frequency-visible light communication (RF-VLC) system with wireless energy harvesting technique. In the proposed model the RF channel and the VLC channel are modelled by generalized-K distribution and lambertian emission model, respectively. A decode and forward relay is used as an intermediate node where power splitting relaying (PSR) protocol is employed to harvest energy from the received RF information signal. The source transmits the information signal towards the relay via RF channel. The relay then decodes the received signal and convert it into corresponding light signal. Simultaneously the energy harvesting circuit at relay harvests the energy from the received RF signal. The relay utilizes the harvested energy to aid the transmission of the light signal towards the user situated inside the building’s room at the destination. Further, the statistics of the instantaneous SNR of the hybrid RF-VLC system at the destination are derived by employing the PSR protocol to obtain an accurate closed form analytical expression for the system’s end-to-end ergodic capacity and achievable throughput in terms of Meijer’s G function. Further, with the help of numerical simulations, we analysed the end-to-end ergodic throughput performance of the hybrid system under the influence of varying channel parameters such as signal to noise ratio, power splitting factor, shadowing parameters, distance between source & relay and source transmitted power.
Serum kisspeptin, leptin, neuropeptide Y, and neurokinin B levels in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Guzelkas Ismail , Orbak Zerrin , Doneray Hakan , Ozturk Nurinnisa , Sagsoz Nevin
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by ovarian dysfunction, clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Its pathogenesis is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between kisspeptin, leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and neurokinin B (NKB) levels for evaluating the pathogenesis of PCOS.

Methods

Levels of these parameters were analyzed in 20 patients with PCOS, and 16 healthy adolescents.

Results

Serum NPY levels were significantly higher in the obese and non-obese PCOS group (p<0.01). There was a negative correlation between the kisspeptin and the NKB levels (p<0.01) in the PCOS group but not in the control group. This negative correlation was also found in both PCOS groups (p<0.01). In the obese PCOS group, serum kisspeptin levels were significantly lower than the control and non-obese PCOS groups (p<0.05) although serum leptin and NPY levels were significantly higher in the obese PCOS group (p<0.01).

Conclusions

The high NPY levels in both obese and non-obese patients with PCOS indicate that NPY plays a role in the pathogenesis independently from obesity. Significantly high leptin and low kisspeptin levels in the obese PCOS group suggested that they may be associated with obesity rather than PCOS.
Selectives (“topic markers”) on subordinate clauses
Authors: Wälchli Bernhard
Published: February 2022

This typological study based on data from a parallel text corpus is a two-step investigation of selectives (“topic markers”). First, a set of selectives in 81 languages from all continents is compiled on the basis of their occurrence with emphatic personal pronouns in contrast constructions. In a second step, it is explored how this set of markers is used across 19 subordinate clause domains. The results indicate that, despite much crosslinguistic diversity, the distribution of selectives across subordinate clauses is strongly constrained. Selectives in subordinate clauses are distributed following a tendency scale (no strict hierarchy, but no blatant exceptions): general relative clauses rank highest followed by conditional and temporal clauses with concessive and purpose clauses ranking lowest. No postposed subordinate clauses attract selectives. It is further found that selectives tend to occur at the end of the constituent which they have scope over where there is minimal risk of scope ambiguity. Despite the frequent occurrence of selectives on conditional clauses, selectives tend not to be conditional connectives unless this happens to be their grammaticalization source.
Non-Hermitian metasurface with non-trivial topology
Authors: Yang Frank , Prasad Ciril S. , Li Weijian , Lach Rosemary , Everitt Henry O. , Naik Gururaj V.
Published: February 2022

The synergy between topology and non-Hermiticity in photonics holds immense potential for next-generation optical devices that are robust against defects. However, most demonstrations of non-Hermitian and topological photonics have been limited to super-wavelength scales due to increased radiative losses at the deep-subwavelength scale. By carefully designing radiative losses at the nanoscale, we demonstrate a non-Hermitian plasmonic–dielectric metasurface in the visible with non-trivial topology. The metasurface is based on a fourth order passive parity-time symmetric system. The designed device exhibits an exceptional concentric ring in its momentum space and is described by a Hamiltonian with a non-Hermitian

Z

3

${\mathbb{Z}}_{3}$

topological invariant of V = −1. Fabricated devices are characterized using Fourier-space imaging for single-shot k-space measurements. Our results demonstrate a way to combine topology and non-Hermitian nanophotonics for designing robust devices with novel functionalities.
A Review of Internet-Based Communication Research in China
Authors: Hu Yong , Chen Lei
Published: February 2022

Since China officially gained access to the Internet in 1994, Internet-based communication has gradually become the dominant form of communication within Chinese society and between China and the international community. Understanding the Internet and its impact on China is not only a key to understanding modern China and its relationship with the world, but also a powerful complement to the classical topics of communication and an indispensable observation on new developments. Combing through the transformation of Internet-based communication research in China, this paper summarizes the achievements in five key areas, reflects on the failures, and makes a call to return to the core relationship between communication and people.
Synthesis design using mass related metrics, environmental metrics, and health metrics
Authors: Eissen Marco
Published: February 2022

The efforts to integrate environmental aspects, health aspects as well as safety aspects into chemical production has led to the development of measurable and thus objectifying metrics. The application of these metrics is considered to be most promising, especially during the earliest phases of synthesis design. However, the operability in daily work suffers from the lack of available data, or a large variety of data, and the complexity of data processing. If a life cycle assessment is not practical in the early development phase, environmental factor and process mass intensity can give a quick and reliable overview. I will show that this often says the same in advance as a subsequently prepared life cycle assessment. Readers will realise that, based on preparative descriptions, they can quickly determine these metrics for individual syntheses or extensive synthesis sequences applying the available software support. Environmental relevance in terms of persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT) can be presented using a modification of the European ranking method ‘DART’ (Decision Analysis by Ranking Techniques). Based on corresponding PBT data, readers can determine a hazard score between 0 and 1 for any substance using the spreadsheet file provided, with which the mass of (potentially emitted) substances can be weighted. Occupational health can be represented using a modification of the recognized ‘Stoffenmanager’. Both concepts are presented and spreadsheet files are offered. This article is based on a presentation which was given at the Green Chemistry Postgraduate Summer School in Venice, 6th–10thJuly 2020.
Exercise to spot the differences: a framework for the effect of exercise on hippocampal pattern separation in humans
Authors: Jennen Lise , Mazereel Victor , Lecei Aleksandra , Samaey Celine , Vancampfort Davy , van Winkel Ruud
Published: February 2022

Exercise has a beneficial effect on mental health and cognitive functioning, but the exact underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this review, we focus on the effect of exercise on hippocampal pattern separation, which is a key component of episodic memory. Research has associated exercise with improvements in pattern separation. We propose an integrated framework mechanistically explaining this relationship. The framework is divided into three pathways, describing the pro-neuroplastic, anti-inflammatory and hormonal effects of exercise. The pathways are heavily intertwined and may result in functional and structural changes in the hippocampus. These changes can ultimately affect pattern separation through direct and indirect connections. The proposed framework might guide future research on the effect of exercise on pattern separation in the hippocampus.
On idempotent stable range 1 matrices
Authors: Călugăreanu Grigore , Pop Horia F.
Published: February 2022

We characterize the idempotent stable range 1, 2 × 2 matrices over commutative rings and in particular the integral matrices with this property. Several special cases and examples complete the subject.
Contrasting the use of space in post-Roman Exeter: geoarchaeology of dark earth and medieval deposits below Exeter Cathedral
Authors: Macphail Richard I. , Carey Chris J. , Allan John P.
Published: February 2022

European urban dark earth investigations have aided our understanding of Late Roman and early medieval populations and their activities. Deposits from two locations below Exeter Cathedral were compared in a geoarchaeological study and contrasting uses of space were identified. This supports the need for case-by-case investigations of urban deposits.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA SISWA SMP ALAM AR-RIDHO SEMARANG
Authors: Akmal Firdaus , Purnomo Arif , Salam Rudi
Published: February 2022

Ar-Ridho Natural Junior High School is a school that has included entrepreneurship education in its school curriculum. The objectives of the study were: 1) to expost enterpreneurship education of Arâ€“Ridho Natural High School; 2) to study studentsâ€™s enterpreneurial interest; and 3) to reveal the extent of the effect of entrepreneurship education on the emergence of entrepreneurial interest in students of Ar-Ridho Natural Junior High School Semarang. This research uses a quantitative method approach with the Expost Facto research design. The results indicate that the average value of Entrepreneurship Education at Ar-Ridho Semarang Junior High School was located at the high category, while the average value of Entrepreneurial Interest of students at the Alam Ar-Ridho Junior High School Semarang was located at the high category. The Constant Value is 16,803 which means that if the application of Entrepreneurship Education is equal to zero, then the consistent value of the variable entrepreneurship interest is 16,803. The coefficient of variable X is 1,307. The conclution of this study is the Entrepreneurship Education influences the Entrepreneurial Interest of students of Alam Ar-Ridho Semarang Junior High School.

SMP Alam Arâ€“Ridho Semarang merupakan sekolah yang sudah memasukkan pendidikan kewirausahaan di dalam kurikulum sekolahnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk: 1) mengungkap bagaimana penerapan pendidikan kewirausahaan pada siswa SMP Alam Arâ€“Ridho Semarang; 2) bagaimana minat berwirausaha siswa SMP Alam ArRidho Semarang; dan 3) bagaimana pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap munculnya minat berwirausaha siswa SMP Alam Arâ€“Ridho Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian Expost Facto. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rataâ€“rata Pendidikan Kewirausahaan SMP Alam Arâ€“Ridho Semarang terletak pada kategori tinggi, sedangkan nilai rataâ€“rata Minat Berwirausaha siswa SMP Alam Arâ€“ Ridho Semarang terletak pada kategori tinggi. Nilai Konstanta adalah sebesar 16,803 mengandung arti bahwa jika penerapan Pendidikan Kewirausahaan sama dengan nol, maka nilai konsisten variabel minat berwirausaha adalah sebesar 16,803. Koefisien variabel X sebesar 1,307. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Pendidikan Kewirausahaan berpengaruh terhadap Minat Berwirausaha siswa SMP Alam Arâ€“Ridho Semarang.
LITERASI SOCIOPRENEURSHIP DAN SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE PESERTA DIDIK SMP NEGERI 25 SEMARANG DI TENGAH COVID-19
Authors: Ramadhania Melati , Mulianingsih Ferani
Published: February 2022

SMP Negeri 25 Semarang develops an environment-based curriculum in order to develop a school culture that cares about the environment while teaching children to be entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study was to find out (1) to determine the level of sociopreneurship in students in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic (2) the Sustainable Lifestyle attitude possessed by students in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research method is qualitative with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, documentation, and perposive sampling. The research location is at SMP Negeri 25 Semarang. The data validity technique uses source triangulation. The results of this study indicate that (1) the level of sociopreneurship literacy of students in grades VII, VIII, IX of SMP Negeri 25 Semarang in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic shows a sufficient category (2) the level of sustainable life style of students of SMP Negeri 25 Semarang in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. -19 indicates high category.

SMP Negeri 25 Semarang mengembangkan kurikulum yang berbasis lingkungan supaya mengembangkan budaya sekolah yang peduli terhadap lingkungan hidup sekaligus mengajarkan anak berwirausaha. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1) untuk mengetahui tingkat sociopreneurship pada peserta didik di tengah pandemi COVID-19 (2) sikap Sustainable Lifestyle yang dimiliki peserta didik di tengah pandemi COVID-19. Metode penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan perposive sampling. Lokasi penelitian di SMP Negeri 25 Semarang Teknik validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa (1), tingkat literasi sociopreneurship peserta didik kelas VII, VIII, IX SMP Negeri 25 Semarang di tengah pandemi COVID-19 menunjukkan kategori cukup (2) tingkat sustainable life style peserta didik SMP Negeri 25 Semarang di tengah pandemi COVID-19 menunjukkan kategori tinggi
Errores y dificultades en la elaboración de las tesis de pre y postgrado del estudiantado peruano: Implicaciones pedagógicas
Authors: Perdomo Bexi , Morales Oscar Alberto
Published: February 2022

Objetivos. Describir las dificultades reportadas por el estudiantado en el proceso de elaboración de su trabajo de grado y describir los errores cometidos. Metodología. Se realizó una investigación de diseño documental que incluyó una muestra de tesis (n = 120) presentadas para obtener distintos grados académicos entre 2018 y 2019. Se buscó información sobre errores de fondo (unidad, demostración y profundidad) y de forma (presentación, redacción y ortografía, utilización de normas para la inclusión de citas y referencias bibliográficas y estructura del texto). Como parte de la triangulación de datos, se incluyó la entrevista a personas autoras de esas tesis para conocer las dificultades que enfrentaron durante su redacción. Se usó una matriz de análisis cualitativo de contenido, una lista de cotejo y se hicieron entrevistas vía Zoom a las autoras o autores de las tesis. Esta triangulación metodológica de datos permitió una visión más completa de los problemas de estudio. Resultados. Se registraron errores de fondo y forma en porcentajes elevados para las tesis tanto de pre como de postgrado. Entre los de fondo destacan errores en la redacción de resultados y discusión (>80%) y en los de forma los asociados a presencia de errores ortográficos y al uso del sistema de referencias (100%). En cuanto a las dificultades, se apreciaron aquellas asociadas a la asesoría, tesista y tesis. De todas estas dificultades, las que presentaron mayor frecuencia fueron realizar sus propios análisis estadísticos (100%) y los desacuerdos entre tutorías y jurados (95%). Se observó que el estudiantado tesista de pre y postgrado comete errores similares y presenta también dificultades similares en su proceso de elaboración. Conclusiones. Son comunes los errores de forma y fondo entre los que destacan mal uso del sistema de referencias y errores de índole metodológico. En pregrado y posgrado presentan dificultades relacionadas con escasa formación en metodología y redacción de textos científicos, además de sufrir la falta de concordancia de criterios entre tutoría y equipo evaluador.
What Drives Mobile Banking Adoption? – An Empirical Investigation Using Transaction Data
Authors: Becker Michel , Stolper Oscar , Walter Andreas
Published: February 2022

This paper examines drivers of mobile banking adoption by analyzing large-scale transaction data of retail banking clients. We find that the overall demand for financial services is associated with faster mobile banking adoption. Moreover, customers who already use online banking services and show digital skills in their payment behavior, tend to adopt mobile banking faster. Also, adoption rates are higher among the young. Finally, the well-documented gender gap in mobile banking adoption appears to have vanished in recent years: towards the end of our period under review, men and women adopt mobile banking equally. Our results contribute to the literature by addressing novel research questions regarding the fastest growing banking channel. Moreover, our findings carry important managerial implications as they help bank managers in the customer segmentation process and the promotion of mobile banking services.
The biodegradability and mechanical strength of nutritive pots for vegetable planting based on lignocellulose composite materials
Authors: Nechita Petronela , Dobrin Elena , Ciolacu Florin , Bobu Elena
Published: February 2022

Considering the mild degradation strength and the fact that it may be an organic matter reserve for the soil, in the past years lignocellulosic materials have been used as fibrous raw materials in the manufacture of biodegradable nutritive pots for the seedling in vegetable containerized production. This paper analyses the behavior of the nutritive pots madefrom biodegradable composites for the vegetable seedling production process, focusing on their mechanical strength properties and biodegradability. It was found that the biodegradability of composite materials obtained from a mixture of secondary cellulosic fibers, peat, and additives, is strongly influenced by the presence or absence of the rhizosphere effect and the synergistic relations set in the culture substrate between the plant roots and microorganisms, which develop permanently the recycling and solubilization of mineral nutrients. The results showed that the presence in the substrate of some complex populations made by heterotrophic bacteria favors full degradation of the pulp and lignin contained in the substrate and pots composition. Therefore, unlike the reference sample (plant-free), cultivated versions exhibited an intense biodegradation on the account of rhizosphere effect.
Іонізація молекули етиленгліколю електронним ударом
Authors: Микита М.І. , Романова Л.Г. , Завілопуло А.М. , Шпеник О.Б.
Published: February 2022

Проведено мас-спектрометричні дослідження виходу позитивних іонів, утворених внаслідок іонізації електронним ударом молекули етиленгліколю в газовій фазі. З кривих ефективності іонізації отримано енергію іонізації молекули і енергії появи основних фрагментних іонів. Експериментально визначено значення енергії іонізації для молекули С2H6O2, яке становить 10,21 ± 0,25 еВ. Для основних фрагментних іонів з m/z = 31, 33 і 29 експериментально знайдені значення енергій появи становлять 11,13 ± 0,25, 10,56 ± 0,25 і 17,79 ± 0,25 еВ відповідно.
Електронні властивості поверхні (111) в А3В5 та А2В6 кристалах
Authors: Горкавенко Т.В. , Зубкова С.М. , Макара В.А. , Русіна Л.М. , Смелянський О.В.
Published: February 2022

Для полярної поверхні (111) в кристалах типу A3B5 і A2B6: GaAs, ZnSe досліджено електронну зонну структуру, локальну густину станів (повну та пошарову) та розподіл зарядової густини валентних електронів. Окремо розглянуто властивостіповерхонь, що закінчуються катіоном та аніоном. Чисельний розрахунок проведено самоузгодженим "тривимірним" методом псевдопотенціалу в рамках моделі шаруватої надґратки. В процесі самоузгодження використано оригінальний ітератор, який дозволяє подолати труднощі, зумовлені наявністю, у випадку поверхні, векторів оберненої ґратки, менших 1 ат. од.
Залежності фотоелектричних характеристик кремнієвих сонячних елементів з тиловою металізацією від товщини
Authors: Горбань А.П. , Костильов В.П. , Саченко А.В. , Серба О.А. , Соколовський І.О. , Черненко В.В.
Published: February 2022

Експериментально та теоретично досліджено товщинні залежності квантового виходу фотоструму та фотоенергетичних параметрів кремнієвих сонячних елементів з тиловою металізацією (СЕТМ). Мінімізацію швидкості поверхневої рекомбінації (ШПР) на освітленій поверхні в них досягнуто за рахунок створення шарів мікропористого кремнію. Запропоновано метод знаходження ШПР та довжини дифузії неосновних носіїв заряду з товщинних залежностей квантового виходу фотоструму в умовах сильного поглинання світла. Виконані дослідження дозволили встановити, що потоншення зразків СЕТМ за умовимінімізації ШПР дозволяє реалізувати достатньо великі значення ефективності фотоперетворення. Показано також, що узгодження експериментальних спектральних залежностей квантового виходу фотоструму в досліджених СЕТМ з теоретичними може бути досягнуте лише за умови врахування коефіцієнта відбиття світла від тилової поверхні.
Модифіковані графеноподібні плівки як новий клас напівпровідників зі змінною шириною забороненої зони
Authors: Литовченко В.Г. , Стріха М.В. , Клюй М.І.
Published: February 2022

Теоретично передбачено й експериментально доведено, що в деформованих плівках тонкого графітоподібного вуглецю в К-точці з'являється заборонена зона, пропорційна до міри дефектності плівки. Виявлений фазовий перехід метал–напівпровідник у тонкій графітовій~(або багатошаровій графеновій) плівці може виявитися перспективним в інженерії напівпровідникових матеріалів.
До статистичного опису електродифузійних процесів електронної підсистеми напівобмеженого металу в узагальненій моделі “желе”
Authors: Костробій П.П. , Маркович Б.М. , Василенко А.І. , Токарчук М.В.
Published: February 2022

За допомогою методу функціонального інтегрування отримано нерівноважний статистичний оператор для електронної підсистеми напівобмеженого металу в узагальненій моделі "желе" у гаусовому та вищих наближеннях за динамічними електронними кореляціями при розрахунку квазірівноважної статистичної суми. Такий підхід дає можливість вийти за межі лінійного наближення за градієнтом електрохімічного потенціалу, яке відповідає слабо нерівноважним процесам, та отримати узагальнені рівняння переносу, які описують нелінійні процеси.
Multinational Analysis of Children Transfused With Pathogen Inactivated Platelets
Authors: Delaney Meghan , Andrews Jennifer , Virk Mrigender , Barber John R. , Bost James E. , Baech John , Feys Hendrik B.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Pathogen inactivated (PI) platelets are a technological advancement in blood safety; however, the pediatric experience is not well characterized. We studied pediatric patients who received transfusions of PI platelets across several centers and countries to determine if transfusion reaction rates differed when compared with conventional platelets.

METHODS

This is a retrospective multisite study conducted during 2 time periods. The study period started at the time each site began using PI platelets on a widespread basis, and the control period was a similar timespan before PI introduction. Suspected acute transfusion reactions were compared.

RESULTS

The study included 3839 pediatric patients who were 0 to 18 years of age who received >7930 platelet transfusions, in total, across 4 centers in 3 countries between 2013 and 2019. The age distribution of patients in the study and control period was not significantly different (P = .190). There was not a difference in the percentage of patients who had any type of transfusion reaction between the time periods (1.0% and 1.1%, P = .803). There were fewer patients with mild allergic reactions in the study period compared with the control period (0.2% and 0.7% of patients with reactions, respectively, P = .018).

CONCLUSIONS

Pediatric patients have the same rate of acutely suspected transfusion reactions when receiving PI or conventional platelet transfusions. Subgroup analysis found fewer mild allergic reactions in the study period, which was contemporaneous to the addition of using platelet additive solution more broadly. Future studies of PI platelets should include children to better assess transfusion efficacy and hemostatic outcomes.
From Baybars to Qaytbay
Authors: Agnon Gali
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to decipher an unpublished decree inscription from the late 15th century CE/late 9th century AH found in the Great Mosque of Ludd. This article explores the historic events linked to the decree’s inscription, which unveils some of the social and political systems that operated in the time of its creation. Deciphering the content of the decree is complemented by a study of the context of its placement. Furthermore, this article considers some of the recent history of the Ludd Decree inscription, from the time of its removal from the original location to its replacement with another inscription. This paper will also demonstrate that The Great Mosque of Ludd and the Mosque of al-'Umari are in fact two different mosques, as they have been mistakenly considered the same mosque due to the movement of inscriptions.
Al-Andalus desde el mar. Una aproximación al sistema portuario de la Almeria andalusí, by Marta Del Mastro Ochoa.
Authors: Collazo Jorge Rouco
Published: February 2022

Al-Andalus desde el mar. Una aproximación al sistema portuario de la Almeria andalusí, by Marta Del Mastro Ochoa. BAR International Series S3012. BAR Publishing, 2020. 168 pp., 64 figures in colour or B&W, 22 tables. £42.00. ISBN-13: 9781407357737.
SYNTHESIS OF A NEURAL NETWORK MODEL OF INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES USING AN INDICATOR SYSTEM
Authors: Leoshchenko S. D. , Oliinyk A. O. , Subbotin S. A. , Netrebko V. V. , Gofman Ye. O.
Published: February 2022

Context. The problem of a neural network model synthesis for industrial processes with the definition of an optimal topology characterized by a high level of logical transparency and acceptable accuracy is considered. The object of research is the process of neural network modeling of industrial processes using an indicator system to simplify and select the topology of neuromodels..

Objective of the work is consists in synthesis a neural network model of industrial processes with a high level of logical transparency and acceptable accuracy based on the use of the system.

Method. A method is proposed to use artificial neural networks of feedforward propagation for modeling industrial processes. After evaluating the overall level of complexity of the modeling problem based on the indicator system, it was decided to build a neuromodel based on historical data. Using the characteristics of the input data of the problem, the most optimal structure of the neural network was calculated for further modeling of the system. A high level of logical transparency of neuromodels significantly expands their practical use and reduces the resource intensity of industrial processes.

Results. Neuromodels of industrial processes are obtained based on historical data. The use of an indicator system made it possible to significantly increase the level of logical transparency of models, while maintaining a high level of accuracy. Constructed neuromodels reduce the resource intensity of industrial processes by increasing the level of preliminary modeling.

Conclusions. The conducted experiments confirmed the operability of the proposed mathematical software and allow us to recommend it for use in practice in modeling industrial processes. Prospects for further research may lie in the neuroevolutionary synthesis of more complex topologies of artificial neural networks for performing multi-criteria optimization.
Liquidity vs. Efficiency in Liberalized International Financial Markets: a Warning to Developing Economies
Authors: DAVIDSON PAUL
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Until 1973 the postwar international payments system was, in large measure, shaped by Keynes’s thesis that flexible exchange rates and free international capital mobility are incompatible with global full employment and rapid economic growth in an era of multilateral free trade (Felix, 1977-8). This resulted in a stable international monetary system that permitted the global economy to experience unparalleled economic growth and prosperity despite widespread capital controls and international financial market regulations. Since 1973, the financial system has grown progressively more fragile with recurrent and increasingly stressful international debt and currency liquidity crises threatening the stability of the global economy.
Um Modelo de NAIRU Para o Brasil
Authors: PORTUGAL MARCELO S. , MADALOZZO REGINA C.
Published: February 2022

RESUMO Neste artigo, apresentamos algumas estimativas da taxa de inflação não acelerada do desemprego (NAIRU) usando dados brasileiros. São utilizados dois modelos diferentes, Nishizaki (1997) e Debelle e Laxton (1997). O NAIRU é estimado usando os dados do IBGE e do DIEESE. Os resultados mostram uma curva de Phillips linear para o Brasil e permitem uma boa estimativa do NAIRU. Para os dados do IBGE, obtemos um NAIRU de tempo variável, enquanto para os dados DIEESE, a melhor estimativa gera um NAIRU fixo. Nossos resultados estão alinhados com a aceleração da inflação nos anos 80 e a estabilidade de preços que segue o Plano Real.
Vagamundos: historia social de la infancia en Antioquia 1892-1936
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Osorio Cossio Hermes
Published: February 2022

Este libro es una historia social de la infancia en Antioquia (Colombia) entre 1892 y 1936, cuyo propósito es dar cuenta del lugar que ocuparon los niños en la sociedad. El recorrido por los espacios de la infancia muestra una población diversa que cumplía variados papeles, los niños se integraban temprano a la sociedad, sin una separación tajante para su formación del mundo de los adultos. Empero, los niños preferían deambular sin rumbo fijo y habitar espacios que les permitiera estar alejados de los adultos. Detener la movilidad, atacar la vagancia y encerrar a los niños surgió entonces como consigna. Una de las estrategias más representativas en esta dirección fue la creación y consolidación de la Casa de Menores y Escuela de Trabajo de Antioquia. Antes que proteger la infancia, la institución buscaba que los niños se convirtieran en cuerpos dóciles para la producción. Frente a las estrategias de encierro y domesticación del cuerpo, la respuesta de los niños no siempre fue pasiva, también actuaron de manera independiente, creativa y audaz. Las experiencias de los niños las encontramos precisamente en las tácticas que idearon para salir de los lugares donde se prescribía o proscribía lo que debería ser y hacer un niño. El análisis desde las tácticas derivó en una comprensión de la infancia más allá de la carencia o la dependencia, y en un rescate de su positividad: símbolo de un nuevo comienzo, de la posibilidad latente de transformación. El desconocimiento del lugar que culturalmente deberían ocupar los niños en el presente obedece a que los adultos, desde sus expectativas, han querido asignarles un lugar sin tener en cuenta sus experiencias. Incluirlas en la vida social enriquecería la experiencia de los adultos y abriría en el horizonte otras formas posibles de relacionarnos.
Eine arbeitsmedizinisch betreute Telefonhotline in der Corona-Pandemie 2020
Authors:   Institut für Lehrergesundheit am Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Tolksdorf Marian , Letzel Stephan ,   Institut für Lehrergesundheit am Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Kegel Peter ,   Institut für Lehrergesundheit am Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Dahlke Eva ,   Institut für Lehrergesundheit am Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Darstein Fabian ,   Institut für Lehrergesundheit am Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Published: February 2022

An occupational physician-led telephone hotline in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic Objectives: Apart from organizational factors, the ability and willingness of clinical staff to work during a pandemic is crucial to guaranteeing the functional capability of hospitals and therefore of the whole healthcare system. Trust in the crisis management of the employer and the provision of information to the employees can be assisted by successful crisis communication. The role of directly accessible occupational medical advice via a telephone hotline is to be evaluated here. Methods: During the first lockdown in March and April 2020 Mainz University Hospital established a telephone hotline managed by occupational physicians and made it available to all its employees. The questions and concerns raised there by the employees are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: A total of one-third of the 122 hotline callers raised questions about testing modalities and quarantine regulations. Employees from the medical service were overrepresented compared to their share of all university hospital employees. The number of callers peaked during the first week of the hotline’s operation, at 68 % of all calls, and then declined rapidly. Conclusion: Occupational health expertise is particularly useful for counseling employees from a wide variety of work settings, especially at the beginning of a pandemic and where there is some psychological stress. In future employees should have the possibility of evaluating the consultation so that the offer can be further improved and adapted. Keywords: hospital staff – pandemic – occupational medicine support hotline
Weiterentwicklung von Individualpräventionsprogrammen bei arbeitsbezogenen Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen
Authors:   Institut für Arbeitsschutz der DGUV (IFA), Sankt Augustin, Ellegast Rolf , Dittchen Dirk ,   Institut für Arbeitsschutz der DGUV (IFA), Sankt Augustin, Glitsch Ulrich ,   Institut für Arbeitsschutz der DGUV (IFA), Sankt Augustin, Heinrich Kai ,   Institut für Arbeitsschutz der DGUV (IFA), Sankt Augustin, Ochsmann Elke ,   Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Prävention und betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement am Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck
Published: February 2022

Mit der aktuellen Berufskrankheiten-Reform ist seit Beginn des Jahres 2021 der Unterlassungszwang bei vier Berufskrankheiten des Muskel-Skelett-Systems entfallen. Mit Individualpräventionsprogrammen (IP-Programme) für das Muskel-Skelett-System sollen daher verstärkt erkrankte und gefährdend tätige Beschäftigte geschützt werden. Im folgenden Beitrag werden Beispiele zu existierenden IP-Programmen vorgestellt und ein Ausblick zur Weiterentwicklung der Programme durch die Unfallversicherungsträger und die Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV) gegeben.
Arbeit von zuhause in Zeiten während und nach Corona. Vor- und Nachteile aus betrieblicher Sicht
Authors:   Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA), Dortmund, Backhaus Nils , Tisch Anita ,   Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA), Dortmund, Pohlan Laura ,   Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) der Bundesagentur für Arbeit, Nürnberg, Kagerl Christian ,   Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) der Bundesagentur für Arbeit, Nürnberg
Published: February 2022

Working from home even after the coronavirus pandemic? Advantages and disadvantages from a business perspective Aims: This article provides an overview of the business perspective on working from home even after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Reasons for and against an expansion of working from home are analyzed. Method: The analyses are based on the fourth wave of the “Businesses in the COVID-19 crisis” study, in which businesses were asked in detail about their current experiences with and future plans for working from home. For the descriptive analyses, only businesses in which the possibility of working from home exists in principle were taken into account (n = 1,059). Results: Working from home has become more important in German businesses during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. At the same time, the majority of businesses are aiming to return to their pre-crisis levels. About one fifth of the businesses plan to expand working from home in the future. Large businesses in particular want to expand their options. Businesses that want to reduce the proportion of staff working from home or teleworking again after the crisis state that the activities of the employees are not suitable for working from home. When businesses want to expand working from home options, they most often aim to improve the flexibility and work-life balance of their employees. Conclusion: Increasing work-from-home activities poses new challenges for occupational safety and health, and company regulations on the organization of work-from-home activities are gaining in importance. Large businesses in particular see a possible perceived unequal treatment of employees as a future issue. Keywords: working from home – home office – teleworking – mobile working – business survey – SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Gesundheitsförderung in der Pandemie
Authors:   Corporate Health Management, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Bembennek Sascha
Published: February 2022

Das Gesundheitsmanagement der BASF hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt und an die Herausforderungen im Unternehmen angepasst. Die Förderung der Gesundheit, Leistungsfähigkeit und Innovationskraft der Beschäftigten durch ein integriertes, ganzheitliches und nachhaltiges Gesundheitsmanagement sind dabei wichtige Wettbewerbsfaktoren. Die fitness- und präventionsorientierten sowie teamfördernden Angebote bieten den Beschäftigten die Möglichkeit, zusammen mit ihren Kolleginnen und Kollegen fit und aktiv zu werden beziehungsweise sich dauerhaft gesund zu halten.