bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of human papillomavirus in women by genotype, age, education, and geography in Baghdad, 2021-2022
Authors: Mohammed Wissam J. , Hussein Thamer A. , Abdulkareem Tawfeeq Nawres , Ibrahim Dina S.
Published: August 2024

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main causative agent of cervical cancer and genital warts. HPV infection can be persistent with high-risk HR-HPV genotype. Objective: Investigate the distribution of HPV genotype in Baghdad province, to afford a scientific source for initial detection policies and immunization for cervical tumors in the province. Methodology: From January 2021 to September 2022, 400 women who were tested for HPV genotyping, were referred to the Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL) in Baghdad province. They have one or more of the following (intermenstrual bleeding, post-menopausal bleeding, post-coital bleeding, vaginal discharge, and warts). Results: The prevalence of HPV infection showed a high percentage in Rusafa about 74.17%, however, Al-karkh showed about 25.83%. Both regions appeared high distribution for genotypes (16&18) as predominant types for HR-HPV. Two major rates of HPV infection have been found in women aged group (20-30) years, about (45.31%) and (36.72%) in women aged (30-40) years, these groups consider reproductive age therefore HR-HPV risking persistent infection. In comparison, HPV infections show (13.28%) among women aged 40-50 years. finally, HPV infection in the elderly group 50-65 years was (4.69%) showing the lowest percentage, also women with secondary education level appeared higher percentage of HPV infection about (42.63%) compared with primary and higher education. Conclusion: The prevalence of high-risk-HPV infection showed a high percentage in Baghdad providence and there was an important for age specificity, in addition to an inverse relationship with the education level.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI TERHADAP KINERJA GURU MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI DI KOTA METRO
Authors: Sevi Lestari Sevi Lestari
Published: August 2024

Guru merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, kinerja seorang guru perlu diptimalkan untuk dapat melaksanakan pembelajaran yang juga optimal. Terdapat berbagai macam faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kinerja guru dan salah satunya adalah motivasi berprestasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis  pengaruh motivasi berprestasi terhadap kinerja guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri di kota Metro, Lampung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif non eksperimen. Adapun popolasi dalam penelitian ini adalah guru MIN di kota Metro Yang  dalam hal ini berjumlah 124 orang. Selanjutnya, sampel penelitian adalah 38 orang yang dipilih secara acak dengan menggunakan teknik Slovin. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah angket motivasi berprestasi dan angket kiner guru. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi. Setelah dilakukan analisis uji regresi, diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat peningkatan kinerja guru sebesar 54,4% dan diperoleh persamaan regresi  = 69,903 + 1,131 X. Persamaan ini menunjukkan bahwa secara kuantitatif motivasi berprestasi memberikan kontribusi terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 1,338  pada arah positif dengan konstanta  69,903. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi berprestasi guru secara signifikan berpengaruh positif dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru.
Exploring the moderating role of job stress on the relationship between ethical leadership and employee job performance
Authors: Phanniphong Khahan , Wiroonrath Sirinya , Niangchaem Laongsri , Na-Nan Khahan , Thammarakkitanon Vipaspon
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the present limited understanding of the complex relationship between ethical leadership, job stress, and employee job performance in the hotel business. This study shows that job stress moderates the association between ethical leadership and employee job performance, underlining the necessity for more research in the industry. The present study fills a crucial research void in our understanding of the complex interaction between these factors. The study utilizes a sample of 292 employees in the accommodation and hotel industry. Prior to commencing data collection, the questionnaire underwent thorough validation and reliability testing to ensure that the instrument met all specified criteria and demonstrated robustness. Using hierarchical regression analysis, the study reveals substantial findings. It has been discovered that ethical leadership has a direct and positive effect on employee job performance. Notably, job stress emerges as a significant moderating variable that affects the relationship between ethical leadership and employee job performance. This highlights the crucial role that job stress plays in determining outcomes. The research indicates that reducing workplace stress and fostering ethical leadership can result in improved employee job performance. In addition, the study highlights the importance of social learning theory in enhancing employee job performance, with job stress and ethical leadership serving as significant moderating factors.
Impact of toxic work environment on employee engagement mediated by employee well-being and supportive work culture
Authors: Tambunan Willy , Partiwi Sri Gunani , Sudiarno Adithya
Published: August 2024

A decline in employee engagement in an organization often originates from the presence of toxic work environments which affects overall performance and productivity, thereby posing a significant threat to the company’s success. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the impact of toxic work environments on employee engagement. Employee well-being and supportive work culture were used as mediating factors to analyze the correlation between employee engagement and toxic work environments. The research was conducted among 600 respondents in the coal mining industry using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling 4.1.0 as the quantitative methodology to determine the correlation. The results showed a clear reduction in employee engagement due to toxic work environments, with employee well-being and supportive work culture having negative effects. To reduce the harmful effects of toxic work environments, a supportive work culture and employee well-being were crucial mediating variables. Furthermore, the results suggested that the mediators could improve the level of engagement among workers. This research further contributed to the theory and subsequent publication offering intervention from corporate and government organizations. Future publications should consider pre- and post-intervention to measure toxic work environments’ effect on employee engagement.
Garnering potential of zakat in Uzbekistan: A tax policy proposal
Authors: Asadov Alam , Turaboev Ikhtiyorjon , Nor Mohd Zakhiri Md
Published: August 2024

This study analyzes the potential of making Uzbekistan’s taxation system more inclusive by introducing a tax incentive policy related to zakat (obligatory Islamic alms for the wealthy). Additionally, it explores the establishment of relevant institutions to facilitate zakat collection and distribution. The study employs the method of comparative legal research, combined with exploratory research techniques, to examine taxation and zakat systems in different countries. The study’s findings indicate that incorporating zakat incentives, either in the form of tax credits or deductions, into Uzbekistan’s taxation system can enhance the role of zakat institutions in the country’s economy and reduce tax evasion to some extent. Moreover, it proposes a preliminary model of zakat management for Uzbekistan based on conclusions of the comparative study of various countries and analysis of the national legislation. Finally, the research highlights the necessity of a systematic approach to educate the public about zakat obligations, which is crucial for operation of proposed zakat management model and improving compliance. The study provides essential policy recommendations, including the implementation of zakat tax incentives, enhancing public zakat literacy, and ensuring the efficient operation of zakat institutions. By adopting these measures, the government of Uzbekistan can foster a more equitable and effective taxation system, contributing to socioeconomic development and poverty alleviation.
Antinociceptive and anesthetic-sparing effects of levomethadone/fenpipramide cannot be enhanced by coadministration of metamizole in awake and anesthetized Beagles
Authors: Schütter Alexandra F. , Spitmann Natascha C. , Kästner Sabine B. R. , Tünsmeyer Julia
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effect of levomethadone/fenpipramide and metamizole alone and in combination on acute nociception.

METHODS

8 healthy, adult Beagles were used in 2 separate randomized, complete crossover, experimental trials (threshold testing and determination of minimal alveolar concentration [MAC]) with masked observers. In both trials, treatments were 0.2 mg·kg−1 levomethadone/fenpipramide (L), 75 mg·kg−1 metamizole (M), or their combination (LM). In conscious dogs, mechanical thresholds were determined using constantly rising force. Thermal thresholds were measured via ramped contact heat. The MAC of sevoflurane was determined using the bracketing method with electrical stimulus (50 V, 50 Hz, 10 ms) before and 1 and 4 hours after treatment.

RESULTS

Mechanical thresholds in L and LM were significantly increased above baseline (BL) for 165 minutes and above M for 135 minutes. Percent thermal threshold excursion significantly increased above BL in L for 75 minutes and in LM for 135 minutes. In L and LM, the percent thermal threshold excursion was significantly higher than in M from 15 to 75 or 135 minutes, respectively. In L and LM, the MAC of sevoflurane was significantly reduced at 1 hour compared to BL and M.

CONCLUSION

Duration but not the magnitude of thermal antinociception of levomethadone/fenpipramide was increased by metamizole. Mechanical antinociception in awake dogs and anesthetic-sparing effects of levomethadone/fenpipramide were not altered.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Coadministration of levomethadone/fenpipramide and metamizole to increase antinociception is not justified.
Flowmetry and spectrophotometry can detect reduced intestinal microperfusion in nonsurvivors during equine colic surgery for large intestinal strangulation
Authors: Verhaar Nicole , Reineking Wencke , Hewicker-Trautwein Marion , Grages Anna Marei , Kästner Sabine B. R. , Geburek Florian
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the use of laser Doppler flowmetry and spectrophotometry (LDFS) for large intestinal viability assessment in horses with naturally occurring large intestinal strangulations.

METHODS

By use of LDFS, intestinal microperfusion was quantified as tissue oxygen saturation (tSo2), hemoglobin (tHB), and blood flow (tBF) in cases with large colon volvulus and small colon strangulations undergoing colic surgery (n = 17). Intestinal biopsies were taken from the pelvic flexure in all large colon cases and in small colon cases that underwent intraoperative euthanasia. Measurements were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors, and the correlation between LDFS and (immuno)histology was tested (P < .05).

RESULTS

The tSo2 and tBF were clearly lower and tHB was higher than previously reported in healthy horses. Following correction of the lesion, pelvic flexure tBF was significantly lower than that of the left ventral colon. Prior to correction of the lesion, microperfusion did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors, but following release of the strangulation the survivors had a significantly higher tSo2 and tBF compared to the nonsurvivors. There was a negative correlation between tBF and interstitium-to-crypt ratio and a positive correlation between tHB and the histological hemorrhage score. There were no significant correlations between LDFS measurements and inflammatory cell counts or hypoxia-inducible factor-1α immunoreactivity.

CONCLUSIONS

Large intestinal microperfusion was decreased in nonsurvivors compared to survivors and was correlated with histological injury, suggesting that LDFS has the potential to predict tissue injury and postoperative survival.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The use of LDFS as an ancillary diagnostic aid may improve intraoperative viability assessment during colic surgery.
Impact of quality change management on civil engineering projects in India
Authors: Choudhary Dhruva , Singh Priyanka , Dixit Saurav
Published: August 2024

The elimination of non-conformance is one of the goals of quality management, which can be accomplished by effectively managing and supervising the project. The excellent quality results in increased production and reduced costs, contributing to a rise in the competitive edge. The present body of research has examined the effect of quality management on the performance of building projects in the Indian industry. Different researchers have strived to identify the factors that affect the performance of construction projects. A structured questionnaire was floated to different professionals in the industry, that is, architects, engineers, consultants, developers and researchers, and >152 valid responses were received. The questionnaire asked respondents to respond on a Likert scale of 1–5. The questionnaire asked about the impact of quality on different aspects of the construction project’s performance. Relative importance index (RII) are obtained to rank the elements in order of importance. According to the factor analysis results, three primary components account for 62% of the variance. The results show that the significant aspects of the project affected by quality are rate of rework, project performance, cost, safety, labour productivity and profitability with RII scores of 0.85, 0.82, 0.78, 0.76, 0.75 and 0.74, respectively.
Elastic Deformation and Elastic Wave Velocity for Cubic Metal and Binary Interstitial Alloy’s Thin Films at Different Temperatures, Pressures, Interstitial Atomic Concentrations and Film Thicknesses
Authors: Quang Hoc Nguyen , Dat Hua Xuan , Hang Phan Minh , Viet Le Hong
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The theory of elastic deformation and elastic wave for cubic metal and binary interstitial alloy’s thin films is builded by the SMM. The obtained theory is applied to perform numerical calculations for W, Au, WSi and AuSi. Some SMM calculations for W, Au are compared with  experiments and other calculations. Other SMM calculations are new and predict experimental results.
Keywords: Binary interstitial alloy, thin film, elastic deformation, elastic wave velocity, SMM
Eletroconvulsoterapia: eficácia, efeitos adversos, medidas de segurança, mecanismo de ação e complicações
Authors: Alves Mercêdes Jurema de Oliveira , Abreu Paulo Silva Belmonte de
Published: August 2024

O texto trata de aspectos da eletroconvulsoterapia, procedimento médico usado para tratamento de transtornos psiquiátricos graves. Dá continuidade ao artigo publicado em jan/fev/2011, desta mesma Revista, sobre o tema. Apresenta evidências de eficácia, alerta sobre as medidas de segurança requeridas, discute mecanismos de ação e efeitos adversos, mostra o fluxograma recomendado pelos órgãos regulatórios, as complicações que podem advir de seu uso e recomendações finais.
The Correlation between Calcium Levels of Pregnant Women Whom Take Adequate and Inadequate amount of Dietary Calcium and Their Neonate
Authors: Hussein Ammar Lateef , Hussein Hani Lateef
Published: August 2024

Calcium is an element that is a fundamental part of the body and its importance is related to the functions it performs in bone mineralization, primarily related to bone health which include formation and maintenance of the structure and rigidity of the skeleton. For many years, women have been advised to increase their calcium intake substantially during pregnancy, and there has been concern that many pregnant women do not ingest enough calcium to maintain their own skeletons while providing for fetal needs.  Aims of the study: To evaluate the effect of dietary calcium on maternal calcium level and their neonate. Patients and Methods: 146 pregnant women were recruited from Sammaraa General hospitals during the period November 2016 – May 2017. Maternal and their neonate blood samples were taken at delivery. The serum was assayed for calcium. All the women were in the last trimester of gestation (37 – 41 weeks). Results: Our study showed that although 63.01% of pregnant women didn't get adequate amount of dietary calcium < 500 mg per day, but the serum calcium levels stay within normal ranges. Conclusions: We concluded that the pregnancy women have the ability to adapt to wide ranges of calcium intakes and still meet the fetal demand for calcium
Design and implementation of magnetically coupled inductive power transfer system for electric vehicle charging applications
Authors: Banothu Charan Singh , Gorantla Srinivas Rao , Rakada Vijay Babu Attuluri
Published: August 2024

A research paper or proposal on designing a 1.6 kW Resonant Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) system for electric vehicles (EVs). Design, Modeling, and Analysis of a 1.6 kW Resonant IPT System for EVs. To Enhance Design Performance: Improve the efficiency and effectiveness of power transfer compared to traditional EV charging systems. Conduct Loss Analysis and Analyze and minimize losses associated with the IPT system. The Advantage Highlight advantages of the proposed system over existing EV charging methods. Methodology, Integration with AC Grid: Despite EV systems being connected to the grid, this research proposes further integration and improvement using resonant (Compensated Network) circuits within IPT systems. Resonant Circuit Utilization: By matching the supply frequency with the circuit’s resonant frequency, optimal performance is achieved, addressing current IPT system drawbacks. Implementation Steps, Simulation: Evaluate primary and secondary circuits through simulation. Component Selection: Determine component values based on derived equations. Hardware Implementation: Construct the system in hardware based on simulation results. Feasibility Testing: Validate calculations through simulation and practical hardware testing. Contribution, this research aims to contribute to the field by demonstrating, improved performance through resonant IPT systems. Feasibility of integrating such systems into EV applications. Practical benefits over conventional EV charging methods. By leveraging resonant circuits in IPT systems, this study aims to demonstrate enhanced performance and efficiency suitable for EVs, thereby contributing to the advancement of EV technology and grid integration. This structured summary encapsulates the key aspects and goals of the research paper as described.
Modelling cost-effective of electric vehicles and demand response in smart electrical microgrids
Authors: Majid Shaikh Hasibul , Alkhayer Alhussein G. , Askar Shavan , Rajiv Asha , Singh Sandeep , Kaur Sarabpreet , Singh Ashish , Hussein Layth , Romaina Yersi S. , Perz Raul
Published: August 2024

The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power can lead to fluctuations in the supply of electricity within a microgrid, making it difficult to maintain a consistent and reliable power supply. This can result in disruptions to critical operations and services that rely on a stable source of energy. Additionally, the integration of electric vehicles into a microgrid introduces another layer of complexity, as the charging and discharging of these vehicles can create additional demand and strain on the grid. This can lead to imbalances in the supply and demand of electricity, further impacting the stability and efficiency of the microgrid. This paper presents an approach for the optimal behaviour of electric vehicles and demand side for an electrical microgrid. The proposed approaches are multi-domain attention-dependent conditional generative adversarial network (MDACGAN) and seahorse optimization (SHO) techniques. The primary goal of the suggested method is to reduce the operational cost of the system, maximize the utilization of solar power and reduce electricity fluctuations. The economic dispatch model manages the fluctuation of renewable energy sources through the implementation of suggested techniques to handle unpredictability. The effectiveness of this approach is evaluated using the MATLAB platform and compared against other methods. The suggested technique demonstrates superior outcomes across all methodologies. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that the suggested technique boasts a lower cost in comparison to other methods.
Comparison of coating stability and surface characterization of different esthetic NiTi arch wires – An in vivo study
Authors: Hilal Syed Shahid , Teja Prerna Hoogan , Mittal Shruti , Teja Samarjit Singh , Gulati Stuti , Sharma Rohini
Published: August 2024

Objectives:

The article aimed to compare the coating stability and surface characterization of different esthetic nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires.

Material and Methods:

A total of 48 esthetic NiTi archwires were categorized into four groups based on the type of coating material that was selected and studied (Groups: I. Epoxy coated, II. Polymer coated, III. Teflon coated, and IV. Rhodium coated). These wires were ligated in patients undergoing fixed mechanotherapy in the department. The surface details and coating stability were studied in the wires removed from patient’s mouth after 21 days using 3D profilometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and stereomicroscope.

Results:

A maximum percentage of coating loss was observed in Group II (epoxy coated) and the minimum in Group III (polymer coated). Maximum surface roughness was observed in Group II (epoxy coated) and minimum in Group III (polymer coated).

Conclusion:

The average coating thickness of as received wires was observed to be 0.002” in dimension. All the wires had low esthetic values, as they presented a non-durable coating after oral exposure. On visual examination of SEM image, all four group esthetic wires showed variations ranging from microcracks and large sized striations to overall destruction of coating regularity.
Systematic Parameter Determination Aimed at a Catalyst-controlled Asymmetric Rh(I)-Catalyzed Pauson-Khand Reaction
Authors: Qi Yifan , Jesikiewicz Luke , Scofield Grace , Liu Peng , Brummond Kay
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT: Transition metal-catalyzed carbocyclization reactions have revolutionized the synthesis of complex cyclic organic compounds. Yet, subtle substrate changes can significantly alter reaction pathways. The asymmetric Rh(I)-catalyzed Pauson-Khand reaction (PKR) exemplifies such a reaction, being hindered by a narrow substrate scope and competing reactivity modes. In this study, we identified parameters predictive of yield and enantioselectivity in the catalyst-controlled asymmetric PKR, using 1,6-enynes with a 2,2-disubstituted alkene. In this way, ring-fused cyclopentenones can be formed with chiral quaternary carbon centers. Using bisphosphine ligand parameters from palladium complexes, including HOMO energy and the angle formed by the phosphorous aryl groups on the ligand, we established strong correlations with experimental % ee (R2=0.94 and 0.98) for two distinct precursors. Solvent dipole moments correlated with % ee for high dipole moment precursors (R2=0.97), while Abraham’s hydrogen bond basicity is more relevant for low dipole moment precursors (R2=0.93). Additionally, counterions were found to have a significant impact on PKR reactivity and selectivity, as does the steric demand of the alkyne substituent of the enyne precursor. In the latter case, %ee correlates with Sterimol B1 values for products with different alkyne substituents (R2=0.96). Furthermore, the computed C≡C wavenumber of the enyne precursor can be directly aligned with the yield of the asymmetric PKR.
Consequences of Cavity Length Non-Uniformity on Optical Spectroscopy in Strong-Coupling Experiments
Authors: Michon Michael , Simpkins Blake
Published: August 2024

Reports of modified materials processes under vibrational strong coupling (VSC), which include cavity-mediated vibrational energy transfer, modified chemical product selectivity, and altered solvent-solute interaction forces, have been met with a great deal of skepticism due to several irreproducible results and the lack of an accepted theoretical framework. In this work, we add some insight by identifying an optical measurement artifact arising when a distribution of cavity lengths is probed. This artifact can alter extracted chemical reaction rates and, therefore, has important implications for numerous previously reported, and contested, examples of cavity-modified chemistry. We then use these revelations to inform best practices for carrying out reliable measurements in cavities.
Ring-closing Disulfenylation of Alkenoic Thioester
Authors: Sasaki Kanaru , Kurihara Miari , Shigehisa Hiroki
Published: August 2024

This study demonstrated for the first time that alkenoic thioesters can be effectively used as nucleophiles in ring-closing disulfenylation reactions. Our investigation revealed that the reaction in hexafluoroisopropanol with an electrophilic sulfur reagent significantly enhances the product yield. We gathered experimental and theoretical evidence to support the superiority of thioesters over traditionally used benzyl sulfide. Additionally, we explored the substrate scope and identified various factors affecting reaction selectivity and yield.
A Broadly Applicable Strategy to Aminate Azines Enabled by Electronically Tuned Phosphine Reagents.
Authors: Levy Jeffrey N. , Liu Ren-Rong , McNally Andrew
Published: August 2024

We describe a strategy for aminating pyridines and other azines via phosphonium salt intermediates. Precisely tuning the electronic properties of the phosphonium ion was key for C–N bond formation via an SNAr-halogenation, SNAr-amination sequence. The process accommodates a wide range of amine classes and pyridine coupling partners and is viable for applications such as late-stage amination of complex pharmaceuticals and fragment-fragment coupling reactions. The capacity to rapidly modify the structure of the phosphine reagent was decisive and is a valuable feature in pseudohalide design.
A Novel Ti12-based Metal-Organic Framework for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Bingbing , Mansouri Asma , RUEDA-NAVARRO Celia M. , Dovgaliuk Iurii , Boullay Philippe , Patriarche Gilles , Xiao Beibei , Fan Dong , Melillo Arianna , FERNANDO Lokuge Aravindani , Maurin Guillaume , Navalon Sergio , Garcia Hermenegildo , Mouchaham Georges , Serre Christian
Published: August 2024

Constructing titanium-based metal-organic frameworks (Ti-MOFs) is an effective way towards upgrading TiOx and the enhancement of their photocatalytic performance throughout higher accessibility to active sites and better tunability of photophysical properties. In this regard, Ti-MOFs have attracted much attention as photocatalyst candidates owing to their porosity and tunability in terms of chemical composition and pore engineering. However, Ti-MOFs remain still one of the least developed sub-class of MOF materials because of the complexity of titanium chemistry in solution hampering their rational design, despite recent progresses. Here, we present a new microporous Ti-MOFs with acs topology, labeled MIP-209(Ti) (MIP stands for Materials from Institute of Porous Materials of Paris) constructed by a nitro terephthalate ligand and Ti12O15 oxo-clusters, as revealed by continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED). MIP-209(Ti) can be obtained using various terephthalate (1,4-BDC2-) derivatives such as NO2-BDC and 2Cl-BDC using an eco-friendly solvent, suggesting the ability of Ti12-MOFs for isostructural chemistry. Alternatively, it is also possible to tune the composition of its Ti-oxo-cluster, similarly to MIP-177(Ti)-LT bearing the same Ti12O15 sub-unit. Typically, low percentage Cr3+ doping (≤ 5 at%) in MIP-209(Ti) favorably enhances the water stability. Interestingly, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting reaction (HER) were measured for MIP-209(Ti-Cr)-NO2 and a significant hydrogen production rate, with good reusability and stability under simulated solar light irradiation, were revealed. It showed enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production performances under simulated solar light irradiation compared to the benchmark Ti-MOF IEF-11 with a fourfold enhanced hydrogen production in HER in 5h in presence of methanol (5812 µmol of H2/gcat against 1391 µmol of H2/gcat) as well as, without any noble metal co-catalyst, a 6-fold enhanced overall water splitting production (681 and 325 µmol/gcat of H2 and O2, respectively for MIP-209, against 94 and 53 µmol/gcat of H2 and O2, respectively, for IEF-11). This work represents a leap forward in the synthesis of Ti-MOFs and their practical photocatalytic applications.
Late-stage functionalization using a popular titrating agent: aryl- chlorides and -fluorides activation by the diphenylacetic acid dianion
Authors: Cerveri Alessandro , Russo Giulia , Sparascio Sara , Merli Daniele , Maggi Raimondo , Della Ca' Nicola , Lanzi Matteo , Maestri Giovanni
Published: August 2024

Aryl-chlorides and -fluorides are common building blocks, but their use in synthesis is limited by the high stability of their Ar-X bonds. The generation of aryl radicals via activation of strong Ar-X bonds is possible through the irradiation of tailor-made organic anions, which become reductants stronger than lithium metal. We report that the combination of visible light with the cheap diphenylacetic acid dianion is an even better tool, showing excellent activity across a variety of complex substrates and providing opportunities for late-stage drug modification. Ar-X bonds are chemoselectively activated in the presence of more easily reducible functions, such as Alk-Cl ones and carbonyl groups, reminding the Marcus inverted region principle. These results pave the way to original synthetic strategies that would be otherwise considered impossible
Widespread misinterpretation of pKa terminology and its consequences
Authors: Zheng Jonathan , Leito Ivo , Green William
Published: August 2024

The acid dissociation constant (pK a), which quantifies the propensity for a solute to donate a proton to its solvent, is crucial for drug design and synthesis, environmental fate studies, chemical manufacturing, and many other fields. Unfortunately, the terminology used for describing acid base phenomena is inconsistent, causing large potential for misinterpretation. In this work, we examine a systematic confusion underlying the definition of “acidic” and “basic” pKa values for zwitterionic compounds. Due to this confusion, some pKa data is misrepresented in data repositories, including the widely- used and highly trusted ChEMBL Database. Such datasets are widely used to supply training data for pKa prediction models, and hence, confusion and errors in the data makes model performance worse. Herein, we discuss the intricacies of this issue. We make suggestions for describing acid-base phenomena, training pKa prediction models, and stewarding pKa datasets, given the high potential for confusion and potentially high impact of accurately describing acid-base phenomena.
Rapid Characterization of Structural and Behavioral Changes of Therapeutic Proteins by Relaxation and Diffusion 1H-SOFAST NMR Experiments
Authors: Xu Xingjian , Dal Poggetto Guilherme , McCoy Mark , Reibarkh Mikhail , Trigo Mourino Pablo
Published: August 2024

Biologic drugs have emerged as a rapidly expanding and important modality, offering promising therapeutic solutions by interacting with previously 'undruggable' targets, thus significantly expanding the range of modern pharmaceutical applications. However, the inherent complexity of these drugs also introduces liabilities and poses challenges in their development, necessitates efficient screening methods to evaluate the structural stability and behavior. Although NMR spectroscopy is well-suited for detecting weak interactions, changes in dynamics, high-order structure, and association states of macromolecules in fully formulated samples, the inherent low sensitivity limits its utility as a fast screening and characterization tool. In this study, we present two fast pulsing NMR experiments, namely the SOFAIR (band-Selective Optimized Flip-Angle Internally-encoded Relaxation) and the SOFIT (band-Selective Optimized Flip-angle Internally-encoded Translational diffusion), which enable rapid and reliable measurements of transverse relaxation rates and diffusion coefficients with more than 10-fold higher sensitivity compared to commonly used methods, like CPMG (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) and DOSY (Diffusion-Ordered Spectroscopy), allowing the rapid assessment of biologics even at low concentrations. We demonstrated the effectiveness and versatility of these experiments by evaluating several examples, including thermally stressed proteins, proteins at different concentrations, and a therapeutic protein in various formulations. We anticipate that these novel approaches will greatly facilitate the analysis and characterization of biologics during drug discovery.
Towards Precision CAR T-cell Immunotherapy: extended gate FET biosensor for personalized drug monitoring
Authors: Nguyen-Le Trang-Anh , Neuber Christin , Cela Isli , Janićijević Zeljko , Rodrigues Loureiro Liliana , Hoffmann Lydia , Feldmann Anja , Bachmann Michael , Baraban Larysa
Published: August 2024

Selection and optimization of therapies for cancer patients urgently needs personalization. Portable point-of-care electronic biosensors emerge as a groundbreaking solution to contribute to better decision-making in precision oncology. This study showcases the innovative use of extended gate field-effect transistor (EG-FET) biosensors to monitor the concentration and pharmacokinetics of immunotherapeutic drugs in vivo. Complementary positron emission tomography (PET) and radioactivity biodistribution studies in mice validate the EG-FET measurements. We introduce a novel indirect assay format for detecting target modules in an adapter CAR T-cell therapy model, effectively addressing the limitations of traditional potentiometric measurements. The EG-FET sensors exhibit exceptional sensitivity, and fulfill the requirements for immunotherapeutic drug monitoring without the need for complex radioactive labeling. In pharmacokinetic evaluations, the FET-based biosensor's performance aligns with standard radioactive measurements, revealing the distinct lifespans of small-sized TMs (15 minutes for scFv type) and larger TMs (14 hours for IgG4 type). These promising findings advocate for further exploration of next-generation biosensors in therapeutic monitoring roles. With their cost, size, and response time advantages, these biosensors hold immense potential for advancing personalized oncology, transcending the conventional diagnostic roles typically highlighted in the literature.
The spatial distribution of lipophilic cations in gradient copolymers regulates pDNA binding interactions, polyplex aggregation, and transgene expression
Authors: Lawson Jessica L. , Sekar Ram Prasad , Wright Aryelle R. E , Wheeler Grant , Yanes Jillian , Estridge Jordan , Johansen Chelsea , Farnsworth Nikki , Kumar Praveen , Tay Jian Wei , Kumar Ramya
Published: August 2024

Synthetic polymers—chemically versatile and affordable materials—are promising nanocarriers for the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids. Copolymers comprising of lipophilic cations and neutral hydrophilic co-monomers effectively complex and deliver bulky nucleic acid payloads such as plasmids (pDNA). In this work, we demonstrate that the spatial distribution of lipophilic cations governs the complexation pathways, serum stability, and biological performance of polymer–pDNA complexes (polyplexes). Hitherto, investigators focused predominantly on block and statistical copolymers while largely ignoring gradient copolymers, where the density of lipophilic cations diminishes (gradually or steeply) along polymer backbones. Our goal is to engineer gradient copolymers that combine the colloidal stability of polyplexes formed from block copolymers with the high transfection efficacy of statistical copolymers. We synthesized length- and compositionally-equivalent gradient copolymers (G1–G3) via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization in addition to equivalent statistical (S) and block (B) copolymers. We mapped microstructure-dependent differences in pDNA loading per polyplex, pDNA conformational changes, and polymer–pDNA binding thermodynamics via static light scattering, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry, respectively. B exhibited vastly different pDNA complexation profiles from the other four copolymers while loading the most pDNA per polyplex. Further, we discovered that subtle modulation of gradient steepness effectively negotiates trade-offs among pDNA delivery efficiency, cytotoxicity, and colloidal stability in serum. For instance, G1 overcame the colloidal instability of S polyplexes in serum, while maintaining comparable transfection efficiency and cell viability. Microstructural contrasts did not elicit differences in complement activation but governed polycation-triggered hemolysis. Our work demonstrates that the spatial distribution of lipophilic cations is an effective, albeit underutilized, design handle to improve polyplex physical properties and pDNA delivery capacity.
Coiled double amyloid-like fibrils allosterically catalyze hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics
Authors: jelinek raz , Mambram Kunnath sisira , arad elad , zalk ran , kass itamar , Batushansky albert , rapaport hanna
Published: August 2024

The release of antibiotic compounds into wastewater constitutes a significant and growing health and environmental hazard, particularly contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. Here, we demonstrate that amyloid fibrils, consisting of an alternating lysine/phenylalanine -sheet forming short peptide, catalyze hydrolysis of β-lactam antibiotics, the most prominent family of antibiotic compounds, which is further widespread in wastewater. Peptide variant analysis, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reveal that the β-lactam molecules dock onto the fibrils’ surface via electrostatic interactions with the lysine sidechains. Importantly, catalytic hydrolysis occurs via an allosteric mechanism mediated by a unique coiled double fibril structure in which the anchored β-lactam molecules are embedded within twisted fiber strands, facilitating nucleophilic attacks by the lysine sidechains. Utilization of the catalytic lysine-displaying amyloid fibrils for hydrolytic degradation and removal of β-lactam antibiotics from water was accomplished through display of the fibrils on silica beads placed in a conventional column filtration setup. Amyloid fibrils displaying lysine arrays may furnish a versatile platform for hydrolysis and removal of β-lactam antibiotics in water, underscoring new avenues for addressing the considerable threat of antibiotics water contamination.
A Modern Approach to Intermittent Illumination for the Characterization of Chain-Propagation in Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Miyuranga K. A. Viraj , Ashcraft Kaitlin , Pitre Spencer
Published: August 2024

Photoredox catalysis has become an invaluable tool for the construction of organic molecules, allowing for unparalleled control over radical intermediates enabled by the mild conditions achieved through visible-light activation of a photocatalyst. These reactions can be classified under two distinct mechanistic paradigms: closed photocatalytic cycles, and photoinitiated chain reactions. While optimization strategies for each of these classes of reaction differ significantly, organic chemists still lack a straightforward means for probing chain-propagation. In this work, we report a simple and accessible approach to performing intermittent illumination studies for characterizing chain reactions in photoredox catalysis. Using modern LED technologies to precisely control the rate of sample illumination, we were able to validate the presence of product-forming chain reactions in three previously reported photoredox protocols. Furthermore, this technique also allows for the determination of chain-propagating lifetimes through a simple graphical analysis. Given the operational simplicity and ease of accessibility, we believe this intermittent illumination technique will be of great value to practitioners of the field moving forward.
Distribution of lipid droplets in hippocampal neurons and microglia: impact of diabetes and exercise
Authors: Seferi Gezime , Mjønes Harald S , Havik Mona , Reiersen Herman , Dalen Knut Tomas , Nordengen Kaja , Morland Cecilie
Published: August 2024

Neuroinflammation, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders are associated with excessive accumulation of neutral lipids in lipid droplets (LDs) in microglia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may cause neuroinflammation and is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we show that hippocampal pyramidal neurons contain smaller, more abundant LDs than their neighboring microglia. The density of LDs varied between pyramidal cells in adjacent subregions, with CA3 neurons containing more LDs than CA1 neurons. Within the CA3 region, a gradual increase in the LD content along the pyramidal layer from the hilus toward CA2 was observed. Interestingly, the high neuronal LD content correlated with less ramified microglial morphotypes. Using thedb/dbmodel of T2DM, we demonstrated that diabetes increased the number of LDs per microglial cell without affecting the neuronal LD density. High-intensity interval exercise induced smaller changes in the number of LDs in microglia but was not sufficient to counteract the diabetes-induced changes in LD accumulation. The changes observed in response to T2DM may contribute to the cerebral effects of T2DM and provide a mechanistic link between T2DM and neurodegenerative disorders.
Maturity Level Risk Assessment in Media Companies Using the ISO 27001 Framework
Authors: Wijaya Anne Ivena , Lestiani Dwi Indah , Damayanti Yeni Rosa , Sugiono Adinda Ayu Putri , Huanggino Sherissa Callista
Published: August 2024

This study aims to assess the maturity level of information security in media companies using the ISO 27001 framework. With the rapid growth of the media industry and increasing cyber security risks, media companies must ensure that their information security systems meet applicable international standards so that existing data can be properly protected. This article uses the PRISMA method, which analyzes sources from articles or papers found on Publish or Perish. The research focuses on article sources that discuss the application of the ISO 27001 framework in companies and the Maturity Level of media companies. The results show that applying the ISO 27001 framework in conducting Maturity Level Assessments in media companies is very important to improve information security and reduce the risk of data leakage. This research also provides an important understanding of the application of the ISO 27001 framework in the media industry and offers guidance for media companies to improve their security maturity level. The limitations of this research are IDN Media as a single case study, so the generalizability of the findings may be limited and the evaluation that only focuses on certain aspects, such as the use of SE, and does not cover all information security domains.
Creativity Products of the Calung Al-Khoir Pagongan Tegal Music Group in the Song Arrangement Process
Authors: Nurjanah Putri Eka , Rizki Harmono Sejati Irfanda
Published: August 2024

This article aims to find out the product results of the creativity of the Calung Al-Khoir Pagongan Tegal music group in creating a new arrangement of an existing song as well as the process of practicing the Calung Al-Khoir Pagongan Tegal music group. This writing is qualitative writing with the writing location in Grogol Village, Dukuhturi District, Tegal Regency, namely the Al-khoir Pagongan calung music group. The Al-khoir Pagongan calung music group, located in Grogol Village, Dukuhturi District, Tegal Regency, is one of the calung music groups that actively performs in the city of Tegal. This music group, which was formed in 2018, operates through an agreement between young people to fill their free time which is then used as a means of earning a living besides their main job. The Al-Khoir music group is a Calung music group that performs songs with the characteristics of Calung Banyumasan. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation with sources. Data analysis is obtained from reduction, data presentation, and concluding. This article was also written using a musicological approach. The focus of this writing problem is creativity in arranging songs and the process of practicing the Calung Al-Khoir music group. The results of this writing show that the creative product produced by the Al-khoir Pagongan calung music group is in the process of practicing, making arrangements, costumes during performances, and the concept of appearance at each different event. This writing concludes that the Calung Al-koir Pagongan Tegal Music Group produces creative products, namely song arrangements, costumes when performing, different formations of musicians at each different event, as well as their performance concept which carries the calung Banyumasan concept.
A Review of The Chord Progression and Presentation Format of The Song "Masih Ada" 2D Arranged By Oni and Friends
Authors: Budiyono Abednego Ziposa Sabatnissan
Published: August 2024

The song “Masih Ada” tells the story of someone who misses his lover, which is expressed through poetry and turned into a song. This research aims to (1) Analyze the Chord Progression of the song “Masih Ada” arranged by Oni and Friends. (2) Analyzing the Presentation Format of “Masih Ada” performed by Oni and Friends. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The data used in this method is pure data obtained directly from Oni Krisnerwinto as the arranger. This research uses the research techniques of Observation, Interview, Documentation, and Literature Study. The findings show that Oni and Friends' arrangements provide a new interpretation, with the use of more complex and innovative chord progressions. Complex means that the chords and notes played are interconnected with the next chord. Innovative means changing the chord progression style with reharmonize. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the chord progression used has many reharmonized changes. The presentation format used is a mixed large ensemble.
Risk management in the Greek mussel farming through ISO 31000
Authors: Theodorou John A. , Tzovenis Ioannis
Published: August 2024

The main risks to the sustainability of Mediterranean mussel farming in Greece were assessed using a generic framework derived from the AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009 Risk Management Model. Risk management scenarios were reviewed after they were successfully tested in the field by semi-qualitative/quantitative data generation protocols. A critical synthesis of the results identifies key indicative aspects needed by stakeholders to formulate a valid operational risk management plan for the sector.
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ BİODEX BALANCE SYSTEM В РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ И СПОРТЕ
Authors: S.M. Hamidova  , G.R. Azizov
Published: August 2024

Biodex Balance System (BBS) - это сложное устройство, используемое для оценки и улучшения равновесия и стабильности. Оно широко применяется в клинической практике, спортивной медици-не и научных лабораториях. Данное оборудование обладает большим функционалом позволяющим применять его как с целью тестирования состояния равновесия так применять его для тренировок. Широкое применение система Biodex Balance приобрела также и в спорте, где на основе полученных данных о способности спортсменов удерживать равновесие можно составлять индивидуальные программы тренировок. Оборудование функционирует в статическом и динамическом режимах [1].