bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Prediction Models for Different Stages of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Based on Tongue and Tumor Marker
Authors: Shi Yu-lin , Wang Hao , Yao Xing-hua , Li Jun , Liu Jia-yi , Chen Yuan , Liu Ling-shuang , Xu Jia-tuo
Published: September 2022

Objective
To analyze the tongue feature of NSCLC at different stages, as well as the correlation between tongue feature and tumor marker, and investigate the feasibility of establishing prediction models for NSCLC at different stages based on tongue feature and tumor marker.
Methods
Tongue images were collected from non-advanced NSCLC patients (n = 109) and advanced NSCLC patients (n = 110), analyzed the tongue images to obtain tongue feature, and analyzed the correlation between tongue feature and tumor marker in different stages of NSCLC. On this basis, five classifiers, logistic regression, SVM, random forest, naive bayes, and neural network, were used to establish prediction models for different stages of NSCLC based on tongue feature and tumor marker.
Results
There were statistically significant differences in tongue feature between the non-advanced and advanced NSCLC groups. The number of index with statistically significant correlations between tongue feature and tumor marker in the advanced NSCLC group was significantly higher than in the non-advanced NSCLC group, and the correlations were stronger. The classifier of neural network based on the tongue feature & tumor marker & baseline data can well predict NSCLC at different stages, the accuracy rates of the five classifiers neural network, random forest, logistic regression, SVM, and naive bayes were 79.69%, 75.00%, 72.81%, 74.06%, 76.56%, and the ROCs were 0.8639, 0.8325, 0.8147, 0.8127, and 0.7969, respectively.
Conclusions
There were statistically significant differences in tongue feature between different stages of NSCLC, with advanced NSCLC tongue feature being more closely correlated with tumor marker. To some extent, tongue feature, tumor marker, and baseline data could be combined to predict NSCLC at different stages. This study established a new methodological reference for the diagnosis of NSCLC at different stages, but more research with a larger sample size was still required in the future.
Rapid declines in lionfish catches in the Saba Bank lobster and snapper trap fisheries, Dutch Caribbean
Authors: Debrot Adolphe , Brunel Thomas , Izioka Ayumi Kuramae
Published: September 2022

Since its introduction in the Western Atlantic more than 30 years ago, the lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles complex) has spread throughout the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean having massive and unprecedented ecological impacts. This invasion is among the most studied marine fish invasions but very little is still really known about the population dynamics of the species and the factors ultimately governing its abundance. We here document a large population crash for the lionfish following its rapid increase in abundance on the Saba Bank following its appearance in 2010. In doing so we document the third case of apparent local population boom-bust event for the Greater Caribbean, and the first for the Eastern Caribbean. We also document gradual increases in the mean size of lionfish of the Saba Bank that coincided with the increase and subsequent decline in lionfish abundance. Contrary to the previously documented epizootic disease outbreak associated with the population crash observed in the Gulf of Mexico we were unable to find any signs of the occurrence of epizootic disease. We suggest that the population crash on the Saba Bank might have been due to non-local causes, such as reduced reproductive output in distant larval source populations. Boom-bust dynamics are often witnessed in biological invasions and have critical implications for both understanding and managing invasive species. While the underlying cause for the boom-bust event we document remains unknown, our work helps improve our understanding of this most serious biological invasion.
Secure Spatial Modulation Based on Two-demisonal Generalized Weighted Fractional Fourier Transform Encryption
Authors: Huang Yongxin , Sha Xuejun , Fang Xiaojie , Song Ge
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a two-dimensional generalized weighted fractional Fourier transform (2DGWFRFT) and constellation scrambling (CS) based secure spatial modulation (SM) scheme, called 2DGWFRFT-CS-SM, is proposed to enhance the physical layer security (PLS) of the wireless communication system. The proposed scheme is executed by two steps. In the first step, 2DGWFRFT is implemented as the security kernel for PLS provision. In the second step the parameters of 2DGWFRFT, regarded as the encryption core, control the antenna number rotation to further enhance the security of the SM modulation symbol. Both the 2DGWFRFT signal generation strategy and the SM system including the transfer process have been elaborated to depict the security mechanism of the proposed scheme. Moreover, we give a key extraction algorithm utilized to generate the parameters, which can help scramble the antenna serial number. From the perspective of signal characteristics, the uniqueness of variation in the constellation has been investigated to outperform other cryptography-based encryption algorithms. Finally, the secrecy rates and the energy efficiency of our proposed scheme are theoretically analyzed and evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrating that the proposed scheme can achieve a much higher secrecy capacity than artificial noise schemes without requiring additional jamming power consumption and myriad costs of hardware.
Hyaluronic acid injection to coronary sulcus of the penis for the treatment of premature ejaculation
Authors: Kewei CHEN , LI Qing , Xu Tao , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: September 2022

Hyaluronic acid (HA) injection has become a burgeoning method to treat premature ejaculation (PE). In this study, we proposed a modified technique: injecting hyaluronic acid around coronary sulcus to treat premature ejaculation with lowered complications. To improve the current injectable technique to decrease the complications of hyaluronic acid injection in penis while achieving similar effects. A total of 85 patients who had HA injection from January 2018 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively in our study. 31 patients received injection at glans penis and 54 patients received injection around coronary sulcus. Intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) was mainly measured to estimate the efficacy and the severity of complications was assessed between two groups. The mean intravaginal ejaculation latency time increased from 123.0±37.28s to 483.5±123.4s at 1 month after intervention, and dropped to 332.7±78.50s and 278.8±67.67s at 3-month follow-up and 6-month follow-up, respectively. In the group of injecting at glans penis, the incidence of complications is 25.8%; it is 1.9% in the group of injecting around coronary sulcus. No severe complication was reported in both groups. modified technique of injecting around coronary sulcus decreases complications and it has the potential to become a new injectable technique for treating premature ejaculation.
Effect of past Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection on the clinical course of COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Horiuchi Hiroshi , Utada Shusuke , Shinomiya Yoshie , Sogo Azusa , Miyagawa Takao , Niida Shoko , Okano Hiromu , Suzuki Naoya , Otsuka Tsuyoshi , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Furuya Ryosuke
Published: September 2022

Background
Although Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CP) is known to play a role in atherosclerosis and endothelial injury, its effect on the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was also reported to be a vascular disease, remains unknown.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we examined 76 COVID-19 patients and 44 bacterial pneumonia patients who visited a tertiary emergency center in Japan between April 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022. CP antibody levels, including IgM, IgG, and IgA, were measured.
Results
Among all patients, the CP IgA-positive rate was significantly associated with age (P = 0.002). Between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups, no difference in the positive rate for both CP IgG and IgA was observed (P = 1.00, and 0.51, respectively). However, in univariate analysis, age, proportion of males, and mortality were significantly higher in the IgA-positive group than in the IgA-negative group (60.35 vs. 76.33, P = 0.001; 59.6 vs. 95.2, P = 0.002; 11.5 vs. 33.3, P = 0.042, respectively). Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that IgA positivity was not significantly associated with higher mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10–1.29; P = 0.12, and OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.11–1.30; P = 0.12, respectively).
Conclusion
Persistent infection with CP may be a contributing factor to the higher mortality of elderly male patients with COVID-19.
The impact of migration-related characteristics on the risk of TORCH infections among women of childbearing age: A population-based study in southern China
Authors: Li Rui , Han Lu , Xiong Wenxue , Wang Wenjuan , Fan Chaonan , Li Mingzhen , Liu Xiaohua , Ling Li
Published: September 2022

Background
TORCH infections are the most common prenatal infections causing congenital malformation and infant mortality, especially in developing countries. Migrant women might be vulnerable to TORCH infections, but little is known about the association between migration-related characteristics and TORCH infection risk. This study aimed to investigate the impact of migrant status, migration distance, and the spouse’s migrant status on the TORCH epidemic among women of childbearing age.
Methods
Based on the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project, we analyzed a representative dataset of TORCH infections among women of childbearing age (15–49 years old) in Guangdong Province of China (2014–2019, n = 2,451,297). The past and/or recent infection status of TORCH infections (Toxoplasma gondii [TOX], Cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Rubella virus [RV]) were identified. Demographic and migration-related characteristics were collected. We thoroughly assessed the prevalence of TORCH infections in both migrant and native women and estimated adjusted odd ratios (aOR) for migration-related characteristics using multivariable logistic regression after adjusting the other sociodemographic factors.
Results
Among all 2,451,297 participants, 443,725 (18.1%) were migrant women. Migrant women presented a lower risk of past TOX infection (aOR: 0.89, 0.88–0.91) suggesting a healthy migrant effect (HME), but a higher risk of recent TOX infection (aOR: 1.88, 1.77–1.99), past CMV infection (aOR: 1.26, 1.25–1.28) and RV infection in natural ways (aOR: 1.05, 1.04–1.06). Compared with intra-provincial migrants, inter-provincial migrants had a lower past TOX infection (aOR: 0.88, 0.85–0.91), but a higher risk of recent TOX infection (aOR: 1.16, 1.05–1.27) and RV infection (aOR: 1.33, 1.31–1.36). In addition, having a migrant spouse was associated with a higher risk for all types of infection.
Conclusions
This study reported the association of migrant status and migration distance with TORCH infections, although the significance and directionality of these associations varied between pathogens. The spouse’s migrant status further amplified the infection risk for all types of pathogens. Our findings suggested interventions for preventing the spread of CMV and RV infection and new acquisition of TOX infection for migrants in southern China, to narrow the native-migrant health inequity and decrease the incidence of prenatal infections and related adverse outcomes.
The lumbar spinal endplate lesions grades and association with lumbar disc disorders, and lumbar bone mineral density in a healthy Chinese cohort
Authors: Pei Jingzhe , Yu Aihong , Geng Jian , Liu Yandong , Wang Ling , Shi Jia , Zhou Fengyu , Zhang Tianyu , Huang Pengju , Cheng Xiaoguang
Published: September 2022

Background Lumbar vertebral endplates lesions (LEPLs), as one of the etiology of low back pain (LBP) which is one of the most common causes of health care cost, have an unclear pathogenesis. Although it gradually regarded as the focus in recent years, almost all studies have focused on symptomatic people, not healthy people. Therefore, our study was designed to determine the prevalence and distribution patterns of LEPLs and their associations with lumbar disc herniation (LDH), lumbar disc degeneration (LDD), and lumbar vertebral volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in a health cohort. Methods Seven hundred and fifty healthy participants aged 20–60 years were enrolled in the study from a study on the degeneration of the spine and knee. In this observational study, a lumbar quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and MRI scan were performed among participants within 48 hours. T2-weighted sagittal lumbar MRI images for all included subjects were identified for LEPLs by two independent observers based on morphological and local characteristics. Lumbar vertebral vBMD was measured with QCT. The age, BMI, waistline, hipline, lumbar vBMD, LDD, and LDH were measured to investigate their associations with LEPLs.Results The prevalence was higher among the male subjects. 80% of endplates were recognition as no lesions with a significant difference between female (75.6%) and male subjects (83.4%) (p < 0.001). The most common lesions were “wavy/irregular” and “notched”, and “fracture” is most involved in L3-4 inferior endplate both in two genders. Lesions were found to be associated with LDH (≥2 levels： OR=6.859, P＜0.001； 1 level： OR=2.328， P=0.002 in men. OR=5.004, P＜0.001； OR=1.805， P= 0.014 in women) reference for non-LDH, and hipline in men(OR=1.123, P＜0.001). Weighted kappas of 0.66 and 0.87 were, respectively, assessed for the inter-and intra-observer reliabilities of the classification system. Conclusions Endplate lesions are also the common findings on lumbar MRIs in general people, particularly in men, and the presence, and advance from slightly to severely could be mainly attributed to LDH and men’s higher hipline.
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Based Versatile Nanosystem Boosts the Efferocytosis Blockade Triggered Tumor-Specific Immunity
Authors: Zhuang Wan-Ru , Wang Yunfeng , Nie Weidong , Lei Yao , Liang Chao , He Jiaqi , Zuo Liping , Huang Lili , Xie Hai-Yan
Published: September 2022

Efferocytosis inhibition is emerging as an attractive strategy for antitumor immune therapy because of the subsequent leak of abundant immunogenic contents. However, the practical efficacy is seriously impeded by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Here, we construct a versatile nanosystem that can not only inhibit the efferocytosis but also boost the following antitumor immunity. UNC2025 is loaded into the bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are then modified with maleimide (Mal). The prepared mU@OMVs effectively inhibits the efferocytosis by promoting the uptake while preventing the MerTK phosphorylation of tumor associated macrophages, and then captures the released TAAs through forming universal thioether bonds. The obtained in situ vaccine effectively transfers to LNs with by virtue of the intrinsic features of OMVs, and then provokes intense immune responses that can efficiently prevent the growth, metastasis and recurrence of tumors in mice, providing a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
Trajectories of plant communities in Massachusetts, U.S.A. cranberry farms discontinued from agriculture
Authors: Neill Christopher , Pulak Anastasia , Miller Haley , Hoekstra Benjamin , Klionsky Sarah
Published: September 2022

Retirement of cultivated croplands creates potential for ecosystem and wetland restoration, but vegetation and soil legacies of cropping influence the development of post-agriculture vegetation. In low-lying coastal watersheds of southeastern Massachusetts, cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) are cultivated in commercial "bogs" largely on diked, leveled and sanded bog beds created from historic wetlands. Current low cranberry prices and expanding cranberry production elsewhere now increase the likelihood of cranberry farmland retirement. We quantified the trajectories of plant species richness and cover, and plant characteristics (life form, native or non-native, wetland or non-wetland) in a chronosequence of cranberry bog beds that spanned from cultivated bog beds to those retired from cropping and revegetated for 90 years with no post-cropping management. Species richness increased from active bog beds to 10-20 year-old bog beds and subsequently decreased. Post-retirement species richness was overwhelmingly dominated by native species. Shrub and tree richness and cover increased steadily over time. The richness of wetland, upland and facultative species all increased quickly after retirement and then declined in the oldest retired bog beds. The basal area and canopy cover of red maple (Acer rubrum) and pitch pine (Pinus rigida) increased over time. Vegetation followed a relatively predictable succession trajectory and the plant community after five to nine decades was predominantly forested and dominated by non-wetland plants. Encouragement of long-term persistence of greater diversity and cover of wetland plant species on retired cranberry farms will likely require active hydrological and soil modifications that decrease sand depth and raise water tables.
Splines finite element solver for one-dimensional time-dependent Maxwell’s equations via Fourier Transform Discretization
Authors: Addam Mohamed , Bouhamidi Abderrahman , BARKANI Imad EL
Published: September 2022

In this article, we solve the time-dependent Maxwell coupled equations in their one-dimensional version relatively to space-variable. We effectuate a variable reduction via Fourier transform to make the time variable as a frequency parameter easy and quickly to manage. A Galerkin variational method based on higher-order spline interpolations is used to approximate the solution relatively to the spacial variable. So, the state of existence of the solution, its uniqueness, and its regularity are studied and proved, and the study is also provided by an error estimate. Also, we use the critical Nyquist frequency to calculate numerically the solution of the Inverse Fourier Transform(IFT); and for all numerical computations, we consider several quadrature methods. We give some experiments to illustrate the success of such an approach. Finally, we apply the higher-order spline interpolants to solve the first kind of Fredholm integral equation and Pocklington’s integro-differential equation to treat the signal reconstruction inside the wire antennas
DFT calculation for graphene/hexagonal-boron-nitride nanoisland applicate in photonic device
Authors: Abed Hussein Hakim , Al-Seady Mohammed A. , Abduljalil Hayder M. , Hassan Saif M. , Hasim Ahmed , Kahaly Mousumi Upadhyay , Mohammed Rajaa
Published: September 2022

In the present study, density function theory (DFT) tool is used to compute structural, electronic and optical properties for hexagonal-boron-nitride (h-BN) nanosheet, perfect and defected (one carbon atom remove) graphene (G)/boron-nitride nanoisland. The basis set 6-31G is utilizing in a present study with hybrid function (B3LYP). Relaxation calculation is showing that all bond length between atoms are agreement with theoretical and experimental measurements, also the surface of all systems was remain in plane form. Energy gap calculation shows that a h-BN nanosheet has insulator nature. Doping h-BN by carbon (C) and defected (by remove one carbon atom) the energy gap is modifying and reduce from (6.006) to (3.464 and 1.569) eV, respectively. In the other hand, doped and defected mechanism enhance the conductivity of h-BN nanosheet. UV-Visible calculation is showing that h-BN absorbing in the ultra-violet region, doped and defected nanoisland were absorbed light in the visible region of electromagnetic radiation and shifted to long wavelength (Low energy). Fourier transformation-infrared radiation (FT-IR) calculations are showing that all active group are appearing like (C-C), (C-B), (C-N), (B-H) and (N-H) and approximately agreement with experimental measurements. Light harvesting efficiency (LHE) calculation is concluding that h-BN/G nanoisland have high ability to harvest light compared with h-BN nanosheet and defected h-BN/G nanoisland. Results show that higher occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is being distributed above minimum conduction band (CBM) of titanium dioxide (TiO2), and lower unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is being populate below iodine/ tri-iodine (I/I3) electrolyte. Meanwhile, all nanostructure is having ability to generate pair electron-hole. Finally, results show that the measurements are indicating that it is possible to apply the composites under study in the field of photonic devices especially in solar cell field.
Neonatal Sepsis Among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Geta Temesgen , Kassa Ethiopia. Tsiyon , Israel Eskinder
Published: September 2022

BackgroundNeonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal death across the globe, which accounted 15% and 30% of neonatal mortality in low and middle income and developing countries including Ethiopia, respectively. Despite various efforts have been made by Ethiopian government to prevent neonatal mortality and morbidity, sepsis related to neonatal mortality is still high. So the objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and affecting factors of neonatal sepsis among neonate admitted to neonate intensive care units in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.Methods and materialsFacility based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February, 2022 at Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital, Southern Ethiopia. The total of 216 neonate-mother pairs who were admitted to intensive care unit was included in the study and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participant. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was entered in to EPI Data 3.1 version transported to SPSS version 25 for data analysis. Multi regression analysis was done for predictor variables associated at p-value < 0.05 with the dependent variable.ResultA total of 74 (34.3%) neonates were admitted with neonatal sepsis. A surgical procedure is done before sepsis (AOR = 2.9, 95% of CI(1.5 to5.6), last pregnancy wanted (AOR = 2.8, 95% of CI(1.0 to 7.3), more frequent per-vaginal examination (AOR = 2.6, 95% of CI (1.3 to 5.3), educational level unable to read and write(AOR = 5.4, 95% of CI(1.0 to 27.7), low birth weight (AOR = 5.4, 95% of CI(3.0 to 9.8), and getting care from unskilled health workers(AOR = 2.7, 95% of CI(1.5 to 4.9) were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis at multivariable with less than 0.05 p values.ConclusionThis study indicated that the prevalence of neonatal sepsis was still high. Thus, immediate action should be taken before it leads to neonatal mortality and further complications. The study used only physician diagnosis to confirm neonatal sepsis, which may affect its prevalence and needs further investigation.
Provider perspectives on clinical decision support to improve HIV prevention in pediatric primary care: A mixed methods study
Authors: Pickel Julia , Fiks Alexander G. , Karavite Dean , Maleki Pegah , Beidas Rinad S. , Dowshen Nadia , Petsis Danielle , Gross Robert , Wood Sarah
Published: September 2022

Background: Clinical decision support (CDS) is a promising implementation strategy for improving uptake of HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, little is known regarding provider perspectives on acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of CDS for HIV prevention in pediatric primary care, a key implementation setting. Methods: Cross-sectional mixed methods study utilizing surveys and in-depth interviews with pediatricians to 1) assess acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of CDS for HIV prevention, 2) assess optimal timing and contextual barriers and facilitators to CDS implementation, and 3) develop an Implementation Research Logic Model to conceptualize implementation determinants, mechanisms, and outcomes of potential CDS use. Interview scripts were grounded in the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research. Qualitative analysis utilized a mixed inductive and deductive approach, and quantitative and qualitative data were merged to develop the logic model. Results: Participants (n=26) were primarily white (92%), female (88%), and physicians (73%). Using CDS to improve HIV testing and PrEP delivery was perceived as highly acceptable (median score 5), IQR [4-5]), appropriate (5, IQR [4-5]), and feasible (4, IQR [3.75-4.75]) using a five-point Likert scale. Providers identified confidentiality and time constraints as two key barriers to HIV prevention care spanning every workflow step. With respect to desired CDS features, providers sought interventions that were integrated into the primary care workflow; standardized to promote universal testing yet adaptable to the level of patient’s HIV risk; and addressed providers knowledge gaps and bolstered self-efficacy in providing HIV prevention services. Conclusions: This mixed methods study indicates that clinical decision support in the pediatric primary care setting may be an acceptable, feasible, and appropriate strategy for improving the reach and equitable delivery of HIV screening and PrEP. Design considerations for CDS in this setting should include deploying interventions early in the visit workflow, and prioritizing standardized but flexible designs.
External validation of a prognostic model for 1-year survival after fragility hip fracture: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fu Hairui , Li Feixiong , Wei Fangfang , Qu Weihan , Wu Dou , Liang Bin , Zhang Xuan , Liu Qiang
Published: September 2022

Background
To scientifically manage fragility hip fracture patients, we have developed a survival prediction model for predicting 1-year survival after fragility hip fracture (SFHF). This study aims to validate the model.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in the orthopaedics department at a regional medical centre in central China. Fragility hip fracture patients who were consecutively admitted to the orthopaedics department from January 2016 to October 31, 2021. We evaluated the performance of an SFHF model (including the full model and the simplified model) from the following three aspects: (1) Discrimination. We presented the concordance (c) index of the model, including Harrell's c-index and Uno's c-value. Overall performance was measured using Nagelkerke R2 values. (2) Calibration. The calibration plot method was used to evaluate the calibration of the model. (3) Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to judge whether the model had clinical value in the validation population.
Results
A total of 877 (≥ 50 years) (out of 1132) eligible fragility hip fracture patients were included in this study. Among them, 47 patients were lost to follow-up. Among the patients who were successfully followed up, 87 died within 1 year of the fracture. After applying simple imputation to deal with missing values, the final effective sample size was 93 cases. The 1-year mortality rate after fracture was 10.6%. The Harrell’s c-index values of the full and simple SFHF models were 0.764 (standard error, 0.024) and 0.763 (0.024), respectively. Uno’s c-values were 0.765 (0.024) and 0.763 (0.024), respectively. The Nagelkerke R2 values were 0.144 and 0.144, respectively. The calibration plot showed that the model had good calibration between predicted and actual values. DCA showed that the model was clinically useful within a threshold range of risk of death of 0.03–0.38.
Conclusion
Our study preliminarily confirmed that the SFHF model has good accuracy and generalizability in predicting the one-year survival rate of fragility hip fracture patients, and that it has good clinical value. This predictive model may be considered for local clinical practice.
Global Meta-Analysis of Urine Microbiome: Colonization of PAH-degrading bacteria among bladder cancer patients
Authors: Bukavina Laura , Isali Ilaha , Ginwala Rashida , Sindhani Mohit , Calaway Adam , Magee Diana , Miron Benjamin , Correa Andres , Kutikov Alexander , Zibelman Matthew , Ghannoum Mahmoud , Retuerto Mauricio , Ponsky Lee , Markt Sarah , Uzzo Robert , Abbosh Philip
Published: September 2022

Background
The application of next generation sequencing techniques has enabled characterization of urinary tract microbiome. Although many studies have demonstrated associations between the human microbiome and bladder cancer, they have not always reported consistent results, thereby necessitating cross-study comparisons. Thus, the fundamental questions remain how we can utilize this knowledge. The aim of our study was to examine for disease-associated changes in urine microbiome communities globally utilizing machine learning algorithm. The results were further validated using our own prospectively collected urine of bladder cancer patients.
Results
Our study included 129 bladder cancer urine samples, and 60 healthy controls across four different countries. At a meta-analysis false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.01, we identified a total of 97/548 genera to be differentially abundant in the BCa microbiome compared to healthy patients. Overall, while the differences in diversity metrics were clustered around the country of origin (Kruskal Wallis, P < 0.001), collection methodology was a driver of microbiome composition. When assessing dataset from the China, Hungary and Croatia, ML data demonstrated no discrimination capacity to distinguish between BCa and healthy (AUC 0.577). However, inclusion of samples with catheterized urine only improved the diagnostic accuracy of prediction for BCa to AUC 0.995, with precision recall AUC = 0.994. Through elimination of contaminants associated with collection methodology among all cohorts, our study identified increased abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) degrading bacteria Sphingomonas, Acinetobacter, Micrococcus, and Ralstonia consistently present in BCa patients.
Conclusions
The microbiota of the bladder cancer population may be a reflection of PAH exposure from smoking, environmental pollutants and ingestion. Presence of PAHs in urine of bladder cancer patients may allow for a unique metabolic niche, and provide necessary metabolic resources where other bacteria are not able to flourish. Furthermore, we found that while compositional differences associated with geography more than disease, many are driven by collection methodology.
Focus Upper, Process Larger: Looking at the Upper or Lower Facial Half can Change Holistic Face Processing Range
Authors: Sun Yu-Hao P. , Zhang Xiaohui , Ni Hao , Zhou Xin , Yang Xiteng , Zheng Ziyi , Wang Zhe , Jin Haiyang
Published: September 2022

Previous studies suggested that upper and lower facial halves might be involved in the human holistic face processing differently. In this study, we replicated and extended the finding above. In Experiment 1, we used the standard composite-face task to measure holistic face processing when participants made judgements on the upper and lower facial halves separately. Results showed that the composite-face effect was stronger for the upper facial half compared to the lower half. In Experiment 2, we investigated how facial information was integrated when participants focused on different features, using the perceptual field paradigm. Results showed that: (1) more “peripheral faces” were chosen when participants fixated at the eyes than when they fixated at the mouth; (2) less “peripheral faces” were chosen for inverted faces regardless of the fixated features. Findings from both experiments together indicate that more peripheral facial information were integrated when participants focused on the upper facial half, highlighting the significance of focusing on the upper facial half in face processing.
Endodontic versus coronal treatment quality on the periapical status
Authors: MA Gasqui , Pérard M , Decup F , Villat C , Chevalier C , Nony P , Gueyffier F , Iwaz J , Roche L , Aslanian S , Grosgogeat B , Zanini M
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION: Coronal sealing, quality of root canal treatment, and periapical status have been widely investigated. However, which of two practitioner-dependent determinants (endodontic treatment or coronal restoration) is the most important to the periapical status remains scientifically debated. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relative importance of the technical qualities of root canal filling and marginal sealing of the coronal restoration on the periapical status and screened previously published data. METHODS: A retrospective study collected and analyzed clinical and radiological data on 246 endodontically-treated teeth. Six paired comparisons were carried out between groups combining good or poor endodontic treatment (G/P E) with good or poor coronal restoration G/P R). Results are displayed through forest plots of odds ratios for each comparison.RESULTS: In the retrospective study, the endodontic determinant seems to be more important than the restorative one (37.5% of diseased periapical status with GE versus 41.2% with PE). In the systematic review, odds ratio analyses showed that group GE+GR had 1.7 less periapical lesions than group PE+GR and 2.7 less lesions that group PE+PR. Belonging to group PE+PR was found significantly associated with ‘diseased’ periapical status. CONCLUSION: The retrospective study and the systematic review agreed that endodontic treatment (precisely, root canal filling) was found more important than coronal restoration (precisely, marginal sealing) for healthy periapical tissue.
The effect of depression on compliance with physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Jinhyun , Yun Il , Kim Hyunkyu , Park Eun-Cheol , Jang Sung-In
Published: September 2022

Background:
This study aimed to investigate the possible factors associated with compliance with physical distancing during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on depression.
Methods:
Korea Community Health Survey data of 2020 were investigated. The group with depression was subdivided according to whether or not they were concerned about COVID-19. The association between depression and compliance was analyzed using multivariate Poisson regression analysis with robust variance estimates.
Results:
The number of participants was 132,595, and the proportion of compliance with physical distancing was 86.1% in men and 89.1% in women. The prevalence of compliance was 0.939 times lower in men (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.915–0.963) and 0.953 times lower in women (95% CI, 0.938–0.969) living with depression than in participants who were not depressed. Despite its positive association with compliance, participants who were depressed and had concerns about COVID-19 were not statistically significantly different from those who were not depressed and had no concerns.
Conclusions:
Depression was associated with poor compliance, and the positive effect of concern about COVID-19 was canceled out by depression. Preparing interventions for depression is necessary in the early stages of a pandemic.
Optimization of design flood hydrograph and its influence on reservoir characteristic value
Authors: guanjun lei , wang wenchuan , Yin Junxian , Liu Changshun , Wang Hao
Published: September 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Association between Phthalate Metabolites in Cord Blood and Preterm Birth, a Nested Case-Control Study in Tianjin, China
Authors: Liu Peng , Chang Ying , Cai Yan , Li Changping , Tang Naijun , Gao Na , Sun Zengrong
Published: September 2022

The influences of maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on birth outcomes are not well understood. To assess phthalates exposure levels in utero and investigate their associations with preterm birth (PTB)，we performed a case-control study of 30 PTB newborns and 60 matched control newborns from a prospective mother-baby cohort. Control subjects were matched to case subjects by maternal age (+/- 3 years) and birth date. We quantified concentrations of MBP, MBzP, MMP, MEP and MEHP in cord blood. Compared with control infants, the concentrations of MMP, MEP and MEHP in cord blood were significantly higher in preterm newborns. With or without adjusting for potential confounders, MMP, MEHP and high molecular weight phthalate metabolites concentrations above the median levels were observed to be associated with an increased risk of PTB. In our study, prenatal phthalates exposure was related to preterm birth and may be a risk factor.
HMRFLR: A Hybrid Model for Sentiment Analysis of Social Media Surveillance on Airlines
Authors: Singh Neelam , Upreti Manisha
Published: September 2022

Social Media is a major part of human life in the current era. People posts their regular activities, self-indulgent feelings, and real-life experiences on various platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube etc. For social media surveillance, Twitter is considered to be the most widely used platform (about 64%). Twitter data is a valuable method to gather tweets and analyses of user perspectives. Along with the other industries the airline industry also wants to be up to date and keep its sectors alive having the current scenario. Airlines use traditional types of customer feedback that are very common and require a great deal of time. To minimize the problems, the analysis of feelings is considered to be a mandatory approach. After the pandemic when traveling is again resuming and flights are finally taking off, the airline industry is also giving its best to keep in touch with their customers more than ever. The dynamic evolution of the airline industry is commendable over the last decade. Millions of people share their experiences related to different airline companies every day where happy customers are posting their pictures with clouds and staff, some angry customers are complaining about bad services and difficulties they faced like missing baggage, delayed flights, changes in boarding schedules, an IT system failure, etc. This kind of real-time feedback not only helps the passengers to decide which flight they have to choose but also helps the management team and staff of airlines to analyze the situation and take immediate action regarding it to improve their services for passengers’ better experience. In the research paper, a hybrid model composed of Machine Learning algorithms including the classifiers of Random Forest and Logistic Regression named as HMRFLR is proposed to analyze the tweets of Airlines in the US for categorization of the posts according to positivity, neutrality, and negativity of the posts. For revealing the current level of customer satisfaction towards the airlines, sentiment analysis is undertaken. This hybrid model achieves a better accuracy score of 88.16%, however, the individual accuracy score of Logistic Regression is 79.1% and Random Forest is 76.87% respectively.
Comprehensive analysis on subchondral bone marrow lesions of human osteoarthritis by integrating bulk and single-cell transcriptomes
Authors: Zeng Muhui , Wang Xiaoshuai , Chen Tianyu , Ruan Guangfeng , Li Jia , Xue Song , Zhao Yang , Hu Zhiyang , Xie Ye , Fan Tianxiang , Chen Shibo , Li Yang , Wang Qianyi , Zhang Yue , Zhang Rongkai , Lin Lijun , Ding Changhai , Zhu Zhaohua
Published: September 2022

Objective
This study aims to demonstrate the cellular composition and underlying mechanisms in subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) of knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Methods
BMLs were accessed by MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) ≥ 2. Bulk RNA-sequencing (bulk-seq) and BML-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis were performed among subchondral bone samples (including OA-BML = 3, paired OA-NBML = 3; non-OA = 3). The hub genes of BMLs were identified by verifying in independent datasets and multiple bioinformatic analyses. To further estimate cell-type composition of subchondral bone, we utilized two newly developed deconvolution algorithms (MuSiC, MCP-counter) in transcriptomic datasets, based on signatures from open-accessed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Finally, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and transcription factor (TF) networks were constructed through multiple predictive databases, and validated by public non-coding RNA profiles.
Results
A total of 86 BML-specific DEGs (up 79, down 7) were identified. IL11 and VCAN were identified as core hub genes. The “has-miR-424-5p/lncRNA PVT1” was determined as crucial network, targeting IL11 and VCAN, respectively. More importantly, two deconvolution algorithms produced approximate estimations of cell-type composition, and the cluster of heterotopic-chondrocyte was discovered abundant in BMLs, and positively correlated with the expression of hub genes.
Conclusion
IL11 and VCAN were identified as the core hub genes of BMLs, and their molecular networks were determined as well. We profiled the characteristics of subchondral bone at single-cell level and determined that the heterotopic-chondrocyte was abundant in BMLs and was closely linked to IL11 and VCAN. Our study may provide new insights into the microenvironment and pathological molecular mechanism of BMLs, and could lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
Diffusion tensor imaging metrics associated with future disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lopez-Soley Elisabet , Martinez-Heras Eloy , Solana Elisabeth , Solanes Aleix , Radua Joaquim , Vivo Francesc , Prados Ferran , Sepulveda Maria , Cabrera-Maqueda Jose Maria , Fonseca Elianet , Blanco Yolanda , Alba-Arbalat Salut , Martinez-Lapiscina Elena H. , Villoslada Pablo , Saiz Albert , Llufriu Sara
Published: September 2022

The relationship between brain diffusion microstructural changes and disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains poorly understood. We aimed to explore the predictive value of microstructural properties in white (WM) and grey matter (GM), and identify areas associated with mid-term disability in MS patients. We studied 185 patients with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), timed 25-foot walk (T25FW), nine-hole peg test (9HPT), and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) at two time-points. We used machine learning to analyse the predictive value of baseline WM fractional anisotropy and GM mean diffusivity, and to identify areas related to each outcome at 4.1 years follow-up. Motor performance was associated with WM (T25FW: RMSE = 0.524, R2 = 0.304; 9HPT dominant hand: RMSE = 0.662, R2 = 0.062; 9HPT non-dominant hand: RMSE = 0.649, R2 = 0.139), and SDMT with GM diffusion metrics (RMSE = 0.772, R2 = 0.186). Cingulum, longitudinal fasciculus, optic radiation, forceps minor and frontal aslant were the WM tracts most closely linked to motor dysfunction, and temporal and frontal cortex were relevant for cognition. Regional specificity related to clinical outcomes provide valuable information that can be used to develop more accurate predictive models that could improve therapeutic strategies.
Analysis and Detection of Tomatoes Quality using Machine Learning Algorithm and Image Processing
Authors: Zuo Haichun
Published: September 2022

Grading of agricultural products Methods based on artificial intelligence is more important. Because these methods have the ability to learn and thus increase the flexibility of the system. In this paper, image processing systems and detection analysis methods, and artificial intelligence are used to grade tomatoes, and the success rate of grading these methods is compared with each other. However, the purpose of this study is to obtain a solution to detect appearance defects and grade and sort the tomato crop and provide an efficient system in this field. A visual dataset is created, to investigate the approach of image processing and machine learning based on a tomato image. Tomato models are placed individually under the camera and samples are classified in a lighting box away from the effects of ambient light. Data sets have been used in three types of first, second, and third quality categories. It should be noted that quality category one has the best quality and quality category two has the medium quality and category three has the worst quality, Also, each data class contains 80 samples. Using tomato appearance such as size, texture, color, shape, etc. Image processing is performed for extract features. Tomato images are pre-processed for optimization. Then, to prepare for classification, the dimensions of the images are reduced by principal component analysis (PCA). Three categories of an artificial neural network, a support vector machine, and a decision tree are compared to show the most efficient support machine. The analysis is examined in two classes and three classes. The support vector machine has the best accuracy compared to other methods so this rate is 99.9% for two classes and 99.79% for three classes.
Is Sedentary Lifestyle Increasing the Risk of Obesity in Urban Adult Academic Professionals? An Epidemiological Study in West Bengal, India
Authors: Ghosh Sunandini , Paul Manabi , Mondal Kousik Kumar , Bhattacharjee Sandip , Bhattacharjee Pritha
Published: September 2022

Background: Ectopic fat deposition is more strongly associated with obesity related health problems including T2DM, CVD, thyroidism, arthritis etc. Objectives: Our study aimed at identifying the cumulative role of several risk factors in developing obesity and the role of ectopic fat (visceral fat) in predicting the cardiovascular disease risk in varied age groups among urban adult academic professionals in West Bengal. Methods: 650 adults (Male= 456; Female=194) associated with academic job (age 20-65 years) in urban West Bengal were randomly selected for anthropometric, blood biochemical and questionnaire-based analyses. Result: Body Mass Index and Visceral Fat% exhibited comparable association with all the other anthropometric parameters (e.g. Whole body Subcutaneous fat%: male- Linear Regression Comparison: F= 11.68; P<0.001; female- F= 6.11; P<0.01). Therefore, VF% acts as a risk factor alongside BMI in instances where BMI fails alone. Presence of T2DM, hypertension and thyroidism in the case groups confirmed their obesity associated longitudinal pattern of inheritance. Unhealthy diet pattern indicates improper liver functioning, vitamin D deficiency and increased erythrocytic inflammation. Conclusion: An overall sedentary lifestyle with parental history of obesity was found to be significant in the longitudinal transmission of the disease.
Differential flow velocities control method for push-bending of the thin-walled tube with a 0.9D bending radius by differential lubrication
Authors: Tao Ruichen , Xu Xuefeng , Fan Yubin , Xiao Jie , Wang Yanqi , Wei Liming
Published: September 2022

The smaller the relative bending radius of the bent tube, the more difficult the tube blank is to be bent. In this paper, the push-bending process for the aluminum tube with a relative bending radius of 0.9D was analyzed through simulation. There was tangential tensile stress concentration occurring at the front endpoint of tube intrados, which increased the risk of cracking. That is because the bending tube’s extrados moves less angular distance than its intrados by the uniform lubrication method, causing excessive deformation of the cross-section. Therefore, a differential lubrication method using the lubricant with a larger friction coefficient at intrados and the lubricant with a smaller friction coefficient at extrados was proposed to increase the angular velocity of the tube’s extrados. It was found that the differential lubrication method helped avoid excessive thinning at the front endpoint of tube intrados through simulations. Furthermore, push-bending experiments of 5A02 aluminum alloy with a relative bending radius of 0.9D were carried out to investigate this effect. The experimental results showed that the differential lubrication method effectively avoided cracking, which agreed with the simulation results.