bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enantioface-differentiating Addition of Butyllithium to Acetophenone by the Use of (1S,2S,5S)-3-[(S)-2-Methoxy-1-alkylethylimino]-2-pinanols as Chiral Ligands
Authors: Kawakami Yuhsuke , Aoki Toshiki , Yamashita Yuya
Published: July 2006

Butyllithium and acetophenone gave optically active 2-phenyl-2-hexanol (33% e.e.) in good yield in the presence of (1S,2S,5S)-3-[(S)-2-methoxy-1-alkylethylimino]-2-pinanol (1).
Furan Derivatives. VII. Synthesis of Cyclohepta[cd]benzofurans
Authors: Horaguchi Takaaki , Hiratsuka Naohiro , Tamura Shigeru , Suzuki Tsuneo
Published: July 2006

7-Methoxy-3,4-dihydrocyclohepta[cd]benzofuran and 7-methoxycyclohepta[cd]benzofuran were synthesized.
Role of the Intermediate Layer and Factors Determining Chemical Composition of the Film in the Electroless Ferrite-plating
Authors: Tamaura Yutaka , Tanno Yukitoshi , Abe Masanori
Published: July 2006

This paper describes electroless ferrite-plating on a Cu substrate whose surface is oxidized (the Cu-oxide layer works as an intermediate layer for the plating). Electron-diffraction and cathodic-reduction analyses showed that a Fe3O4 thin layer is formed on the intermediate layer during the initial reaction of the plating. This thin layer grows by the repetition of the adsorption of metal ions to the surface of the layer and the oxidation of the adsorbed FeII ions. Based on the adsorption-equilibrium of the metal ions on the surface of the film, the relationship between the composition of the metal ions adsorbed and that of the metal ions incorporated into the Co-ferrite film was formulated in terms of the concentrations of the metal ions in the reaction solution and the reaction pH. The analysis of the experimental data with this equation showed that the CoII ions are more readily incorporated into the ferrite layer, as the mol ratio of the adsorbed CoII ions to adsorbed iron ions (Rads.) increases, but that a higher Rads. becomes unfavorable for the incorporation.
The Polarographic Behavior of Tl(I) and Na(I) Ions and Bis(o-phenylenediamine)nickel(II) in N,N-Dimethylformamide- Dimethyl Sulfoxide Mixtures
Authors: Sawada Shigeo
Published: July 2006

The polarographic behavior of Tl(I) and Na(I) ions and the bis(o-phenylenediamine)nickel(II) [Ni(opd)2] complex were studied using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)–dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed solvents of various compositions. The diffusion currents of the Tl(I) and Na(I) ions and [Ni(opd)2] complex decreased linearly with an increase in the concentration of the supporting electrolyte in DMF–DMSO solvent mixtures. The ratio of the slope to the intercept is related to the D coefficient in the revised Jones-Dole equation of viscosity. Ion-solvent interaction was considered from the Stokes radius, calculated from the diffusion current at an infinite dilution of the supporting electrolyte. The half-wave potentials of both the Tl(I) ion and the [Ni(opd)2] complex shifted to a negative direction with an increase in the concentration of the supporting electrolyte. Although the half-wave potential of the [Ni(opd)2] complex shifted to a slightly positive potential, that of the Tl(I) ion shifted to a negative potential with an increase in the content of DMSO.
Lumiflavin-sensitized Photooxygenation Accelerated by Adenine. III. Flash Photolytic Studies
Authors: Yoshimura Akio , Kato Shunji
Published: July 2006

Flash photolytic studies have been made of aqueous systems of lumiflavin–adenine–tryptophan, where the accelerating effect of adenine is observed on the lumiflavin-sensitized photooxygenation of tryptophan. The electron transfer occurs first from adenine to the triplet state of lumiflavin. When a little tryptophan is present in the aerated solutions, the tryptophan is oxidized by the successive electron-transfer reactions and the tryptophan decomposes instead of adenine. The rate parameter for each process has been determined.
Synthesis of Naphthalenoferrocenophanes
Authors: Kasahara Akira , Izumi Taeko , Shimizu Iwao , Oikawa Tadashi , Umezawa Hiroshi , Murakami Manabu , Watanabe Osamu
Published: July 2006

Several naphthalenoferrocenophanes, in which the two cyclopentadienyl rings are linked by two naphthalene rings, were synthesized via intramolecular reductive coupling of the corresponding formyl compounds with a low valent titanium reagent. Their structures are deduced from IR, NMR, and UV spectra. Transannular π-electronic interaction between the two naphthalene rings is discussed on the basis of electronic spectra.
The C-13 NMR Spectra of Thiophenes. II. 2-Substituted Thiophenes
Authors: Fujieda Kunimi , Takahashi Kensuke , Sone Tyo
Published: July 2006

Carbon-13 NMR data of 14 2-substituted thiophenes were obtained in CDCl3. The correlation between the carbon chemical shifts and the Hammet constants was poor. The charge densities of typical compounds were calculated by the CNDO/2 method and they discussed in connection with the observed C-13 chemical shifts.
Influences of Supporting Silica Gel on the Catalytic Activity of B-18 Crown Ether–KCl Complex for the Selective Dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Authors: Fujitsu Hiroshi , Takagi Takeshi , Mochida Isao
Published: July 2006

Catalytic dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethane into 1,1-dichloroethylene proceeded selectively around 200 °C over dibenzo-18-crown-6-KCl complex supported on silica gels. The reaction rate depended very much on the kinds of silica gel and impregnation levels of the complex, suggesting some roles of surface hydroxyl groups in this catalysis.
Biaryl Formation in the Copper(I) Mediated Arylation of Stable Enolate Anions with o-Halogenonitrobenzenes
Authors: Thiruvikraman Singanallore V , Suzuki Hitomi
Published: July 2006

o-Bromo- and o-iodonitrobenzenes react with stable enolate anions in hot DMF in the presence of copper(I) iodide, to afford not the expected arylation products but the coupling products, 2,2′-dinitrobiphenyls.
The Synthesis of Internal Conjugated (E)-Enynyldialkylboranes and Their Applications to the Syntheses of Conjugated Alkynones, Conjugated (E)-Enynes, and Conjugated Enynes Bearing an Unsaturated Group on the Double Bond
Authors: Hoshi Masayuki , Masuda Yuzuru , Arase Akira
Published: July 2006

Internal conjugated (E)-enynyldialkylboranes were synthesized by successive reactions of 1-iodo-1-alkynes with dialkylboranes and 1-alkynyllithiums in 31–79% yields. (E)-Enynyldialkylboranes, thus obtained, gave regio- and/or stereospecifically defined corresponding conjugated alkynones by alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation, conjugated (E)-enynes by protonolysis with acetic acid, and conjugated enynes bearing an unsaturated group on the internal alkenyl carbon atom by bis(acetylacetonato)copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with allyl bromide or 1-bromo-1-hexyne respectively.
Dechlorination of Polychlorobenzenes over Triiron Tetraoxide in the Presence of Hydrogen Donating Solvents
Authors: Hao Cui Xiang , Nakada Masahiro , Yamaguchi Tatsuaki , Fukushi Sachio , Hirota Minoru
Published: July 2006

Dechlorination of polychlorobenzenes over Fe3O4 was investigated by a pulse micro-reactor technique. Dechlorinations of various polychlorobenzenes in hexane and cyclohexane were carried out in the gas phase at the temperatures ranging from 498 to 623 K. In the presence of such hydrogen donating solvents, dechlorination was shown to proceed almost exclusively. The relative rates of dechlorination were measured by gas chromatography. It was found that the solvents used to dissolve polychlorobenzenes plays a role of a hydrogen donor in this reaction. The different rates among unequivalent chlorine atoms in a molecule were interpreted by the effect of steric acceleration caused by the neighboring chlorine atom(s). The reaction will probably proceed via hydrogenolytic cleavage of C–Cl bonds.
The Ability of an α-Aminoisobutyric Acid Residue to Promote Helical Folding in Oligopeptides
Authors: Narita Mitsuaki , Ishikawa Kazunori , Sugasawa Hiroki , Doi Masamitsu
Published: July 2006

In order to investigate the ability of an Aib residue to promote helical folding in oligopeptides, oligo(Leu)s containing an Aib residue were prepared by stepwise elongation and fragment condensation methods. The peptides prepared were the following: Boc–Aib–Leun–OBzl (n=3–6 and 9), Boc–Leun–Aib–OBzl (n=3–6 and 9), Boc–Leu3–Aib–Leu3–OBzl, Boc–Leu4–Aib–Leu4–OBzl, Boc–Leu8–Aib–Leu4–OBzl, Boc–Leu4–Aib–Leu8–OBzl, and Boc–Leu8–Aib–Leu8–OBzl. The IR absorption conformational analyses of Boc–Aib–Leun–OBzl (n=3–6) in dichloromethane have shown the occurrence of incipient helical structures (α- or 310-helixes) formed by one, two, three, and so forth i→i–4 or i→i–3 hydrogen-bonding patterns. All the peptides except Boc–Aib–Leu9–OBzl and Boc–Leun–Aib–OBzl (n=6 and 9) have also shown helical structures (α- or 310-helixes), indicating the great ability of an Aib residue to promote helical folding in peptides. This is in remarkable contrast with the fact that homologous oligo(Leu) counterparts have β-sheet structures. The solubility properties of the peptides were in good agreement with those speculated from their conformations. The initiation and stabilization mechanism of helical folding in peptides has been illustrated schematically and attributed to the restriction of the values of the backbone dihedral angles φ and ψ of an Aib residue due to steric hindrance, followed by the restriction of the values of φ and ψ of other amino acid residues due to hydrogen bonds initiated by the Aib residue. The great ability of an Aib residue to promote helical folding in peptides also suggests that the restriction of the values of the backbone dihedral angles φ and ψ (right-handed α-helix: φ=−57°, ψ=−47°) of an amino acid residue in peptide chains is one of important initiation mechanisms of α-helical folding in natural proteins. The implication of the new findings for the study of proteins containing Aib residues is presented on the basis of the stabilizing efficacy of Aib residues on helical regions of proteins.
Complex Formation and Solvation of [CuCln](2–n)+ in Acetonitrile and in N,N-Dimethylformamide
Authors: Ishiguro Shin-ichi , Jeliazkova Bojana G , Ohtaki Hitoshi
Published: July 2006

Complex formation equilibria between copper(II) and chloride ions have been studied by calorimetry and spectrophotometry in acetonitrile(AN) containing 0.1 mol dm−3 (C2H5)4NClO4 as a constant ionic medium at 25 °C. Both calorimetric and spectrophotometric titration curves could be well explained in terms of formation of a series of four mononuclear complexes, [CuCln](2−n)+ (n=1–4), and formation constants, enthalpies and entropies of formation of the complexes were determined. Stepwise enthalpies ΔHn° (n=1–4) were all negative, the ΔH4° value being especially largely negative. On the other hand, the stepwise entropy ΔSn° was largely positive for n=1–3, but largely negative for n=4. The result suggested that solvation of the [CuCl3]− complex was extremely weak in AN and that release of solvent molecules from [CuCl3]− was not so significant that the enthalpy and entropy of formation of [CuCl4]2− were mainly attributable to those of desolvation of Cl− followed by a bond formation between the [CuCl3]− complex and the chloride ion. The [CuCl4]2− complex might have no solvent molecules in the primary coordination sphere of the metal ion within the complex in AN. Enthalpies of solution of anhydrous CuCl2 crystals were measured in AN and N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) in order to evaluate enthalpies of transfer ΔHt° of Cu2+ from water to the aprotic solvents. The ΔHt° values well correlated with Gutmann’s donor number of the solvents. The enthalpies of transfer ΔHt° of [CuCln](2−n)+ (n=0–4) from AN to DMF were evaluated, and the enthalpy values monotonously increased with n. The ΔHt°(CuCl42−) value was only slightly positive as well as ΔHt°(Cl−), and the result also suggested that the metal ion within the complex was not primarily solvated with solvent molecules in both AN and DMF. Electronic spectra of individual copper(II) chloride complexes were determined in AN.
Preparation and CD Spectra of Cobalt(III) Complexes with S-(Carboxymethyl)-l-cysteinate and Its Analogues
Authors: Okamoto Ken-ichi , Suzuki Masutaro , Einaga Hisahiko , Hidaka Jinsai
Published: July 2006

Four cobalt(III) complexes of the [Co(l-quadridentate-N,S,O2)(en)]+ type were prepared; where l-quadridentate-N,S,O2 denotes S-(carboxymethyl)-l-cysteinate(l-cmc), S-(2-carboxyethyl)-l-cysteinate(l-cec), S-(carboxymethyl)-l-homocysteinate(l-cmhc), or S-(2-carboxyethyl)-l-homocysteinate(l-cehc). Each complex was chromatographically separated into the quasi-enantiomeric isomers; Λl-trans(O)-S(S) and Δl-cis(O)-R(S) for the l-cmc, l-cmhc, and l-cehc complexes, and Λl-trans(O)-R(S) and Δl-cis(O)-S(S) for the l-cec one. These isomers were characterized from their absorption and 13C NMR spectra. The sterically strained Δl-cis(O) isomers exhibited some significant CD spectral behavior in the first d-d absorption band region. The CD spectra are discussed in relation to the sizes of the S–N and S–O chelate rings joining the chiral sulfur atom in the l-quadridentate-N,S,O2 ligand.
A Facile Synthesis of 3-(1-Benzyloxymethyl-3-hydroxypropyl)2,5-piperazinedione
Authors: Yamaura Masanori , Sadozai Khalid Khan , Yoshimura Juji
Published: July 2006

The title compound, a key intermediate for a total synthesis of bicyclomycin, was obtained from γ-butyrolactone through eight steps in ca. 4.4% overall yield.
Effects of Reduction Conditions on the Catalytic Activity of Rhodium Supported on TiO2 for the Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide:Favorable Metal-Support Interaction
Authors: Fujitsu Hiroshi , Ikeyama Nobuhide , Shigaki Yasunobu , Mochida Isao
Published: July 2006

Catalytic activity of Rh/TiO2 was influenced significantly by reduction conditions, the maximum activity per weight being obtained by reduction at 400°C for 2 h, in spite of limited adsorption abilities against reactant gases. The nature of Rh/TiO2 is sensitively modified to develop the most favorable metal-support interaction.
Electrogenerated Acid-catalyzed Cyclization of Isoprenoids
Authors: Uneyama Kenji , Isimura Akihiro , Torii Sigeru
Published: July 2006

Biogenetic-type cyclization of some isoprenoids (geranyl phenyl sulfone, methyl geranate, pseudoionone, and 6,10-dimethyl-2,5,9-undecatrien-4-one) has been performed by use of an electrogenerated acid in 1,2-dichloroethane.
Preparation of Hexafluorodisilane and Reactions of Hexafluorodisilane and Hexachlorodisilane with Sulfur Trioxide
Authors: Suresh Bettadapura Srinivasaiah , Padma Doddaballapur Krishnamurthy
Published: July 2006

Hexafluorodisilane has been prepared by the fluorination of hexachlorodisilane or hexabromodisilane by potassium fluoride in boiling acetonitrile, in yields approximating 45 and 60% respectively. Hexafluorodisilane has been characterised by infrared spectral data, vapour density measurements and analytical data. Both hexafluorodisilane and hexachlorodisilane are found to react with sulfur trioxide when heated to 400°C for 12 h. The products of reaction are silicon tetrafluoride, silica and sulfur dioxide with hexafluorodisilane while hexachlorodisilane in addition gives rise to hexachlorodisiloxane.
Nucleophilic Substitution of Tricoordinate Sulfur Atom of Sulfonium Salt with Retention of Configuration. Different Stereochemistry of Substitution by Amidate Anions
Authors: Kikuchi Katsuaki , Furukawa Naomichi , Moriyama Masaru , Oae Shigeru
Published: July 2006

Optically active N-substituted S-(o-methoxyphenyl)-S-phenylsulfilimines were obtained in moderate yields upon simple treatment of a mixture of o-methoxyphenyl phenyl sulfide and t-butyl hypochlorite in the presence of l-menthol and followed by amidate anions. Although some sulfilimines (N-tosyl-, N-benzoyl-, and N-(chloroacetyl)sulfilimines) were found to be rich in S-configuration around the sulfur atom, the others (N-(dichloroacetyl)-, N-(trichloroacetyl)-, and N-(trifluoroacetyl)sulfilimines) were found to be rich in R-configuration around the sulfur atom. In the displacement of l-menthyloxy group on the sulfur atom of the incipiently formed l-menthyloxysulfonium salt with p-toluenesulfonamidate, benzamidate, and chloroacetamidate anions, the respective N-acylsulfilimines of S-configuration were obtained by substitution with inversion of configuration, while N-acylsulfilimines having R-configuration were obtained by substitution of the same l-menthyloxysulfonium salt by polyhaloacetamidate anions such as dichloroacetamidate, trichloroacetamidate, and trifluoroacetamidate anions, with retention of configuration.
Oxidation of Lipids. VIII. Synergistic Inhibition of Oxidation of Phosphatidylcholine Liposome in Aqueous Dispersion by Vitamin E and Vitamin C
Authors: Niki Etsuo , Kawakami Akira , Yamamoto Yorihiro , Kamiya Yoshio
Published: July 2006

Vitamin E acted as an efficient antioxidant in the oxidation of soybean phosphatidylcholine liposome in an aqueous dispersion initiated by free radicals generated initially either in the aqueous phase or in the lipid phase. Vitamin E decayed linearly with time, and when it was exhausted, the oxidation proceeded rapidly at a similar rate to that in the absence of vitamin E. Vitamin C was also effective by itself in scavenging radicals in an aqueous phase, but it could not scavenge the radicals efficiently in a lipid bilayer. However, when vitamin E was located in phosphatidylcholine bilayer, the addition of vitamin C into an aqueous phase prolonged the period of suppression of oxidation and vitamin C reduced the rate of decay of vitamin E markedly even when the radicals were generated initially in the lipid region. Vitamin C was predominantly consumed linearly at first and vitamin E began to decay after vitamin C was exhausted. It was suggested that vitamin C could regenerate vitamin E by reacting with vitamin E radical during the oxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposome in an aqueous dispersion as observed in a homogeneous solution.
Nucleophilic Aminomethylation of Aldehydes with α-Amino Alkylsilanes
Authors: Tsuge Otohiko , Tanaka Junji , Kanemasa Shuji
Published: July 2006

Fluoride-induced desilylation of (α-phthalimido-, α-morpholino-, and α-acetamidobenzyl)silanes and a (phthalimidomethyl)silane generates the corresponding α-amino carbanions which add to a variety of aldehydes. The conversion of phthalimido group of the adducts into amino moiety leads to β-amino alcohols. This simple reaction sequence offers a new and general method of nucleophilic aminomethylation.
Electrochemical Conversion of 2,3-Butanediol to Acetaldehyde by Oxidative Cleavage by a Periodate/Iodate Redox Mediatory System
Authors: Yoshiyama Akiko , Nonaka Tsutomu , Baizer Manuel M , Chou Tse-Chuan
Published: July 2006

As electrochemical method was developed for converting 2,3-butanediol in dilute aqueous solutions to acetaldehyde by “in-cell” indirect anodic oxidation using a periodate/iodate redox mediatory system. Under optimum conditions, current efficiency for the desired acetaldehyde was close to 80% and the formation of by-products such as acetic acid, acetoin, and biacetyl was minimized or suppressed.
Kinetic Features of SERS Quenching by Underpotential Deposition (UPD) of Cd and Tl on Ag Electrodes
Authors: Watanabe Tadashi , Kawanami Osamu , Honda Kenichi
Published: July 2006

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in the Ag/pyridine system is quenched through a biphasic kinetics, after completion of submonolayer underpotential deposition (UPD) of Cd. This result is elucidated by invoking a quasi-reversible transformation of the initial SERS-active site into another by an attack, via surface diffusion, of deposited Cd, followed by irreversible unimolecular decomposition of the new site. From the SERS quenching data a value of about 10−17 cm2 s−1 was derived as the surface diffusion coefficient of Cd on the Ag surface. A similar but somewhat different quenching behavior is observed by UPD of Tl.
Reactions of Vinylphosphonates. 3. One-Pot Synthesis of Dienes and Their Analogues from Vinylphosphonates, Aldehydes and Diethyl Phosphonate
Authors: Minami Toru , Tokumasu Shigehumi , Hirao Ichiro
Published: July 2006

Functionalized dienes and tetraenes were synthesized in 26–63% yields by the one-pot reaction of the phosphoryl-stabilized carbanions, prepared from the Michael addition of diethyl lithiophosphonate to vinylphosphonates, with aromatic aldehydes. A similar reaction using phthalaldehyde gave 2-methylsulfonylnaphthalene (7) in 31% yield via an intramolecular double Horner-Wittig reaction.
Absolute Stereostructure Determination of Cladospolide A Using MTPA Ester Method
Authors: Hirota Hiroshi , Hirota Akira , Sakai Heiichi , Isogai Akira , Takahashi Takeyoshi
Published: July 2006

The absolute configuration of cladospolide A, a phytotoxic macrolide produced by a fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides, was determined as (4R,5S,11R,2E)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-dodecen-11-olide by means of MTPA method.
Facile Synthesis of 2-Phenyl-1,2-oxaphospholane and Its Related New Compounds. The Family of Deoxophostones and Deoxothiolphostones
Authors: Kobayashi Shiro , Suzuki Masato , Saegusa Takeo
Published: July 2006

2-Phenyl-1,2-oxaphospholane (1a), 2-phenyl-1,2-oxaphosphorinane (1b), 2-phenyl-1,2-thiaphospholane (1c), and 2-phenyl-1,2-thiaphosphorinane (1d) were prepared readily by the reaction of dichlorophenylphosphine with an ω-chloroalkanol or an ω-chloroalkanethiol followed by cyclization with the aid of lithium metal. Compounds 1b–d have been obtained for the first time.
Rate Constants and Mechanism for Reactions of Ketenes with OH Radicals in Air at 299±2K
Authors: Hatakeyama Shiro , Honda Shigeo , Washida Nobuaki , Akimoto Hajime
Published: July 2006

Rate constants for reactions of OH radicals with four kinds of simple ketenes (ketene, methylketene: MK, ethylketene: EK, and dimethylketene: DMK) were measured in 1 atm of air at 299±2 K by use of a competitive reaction method. The photolysis of CH3ONO in air was used to generate OH radicals. The rate constants for OH reactions obtained are (1.8±0.2)×10−11, (7.6±1.4)×10−11, (11±3)×10−11 and (10±3)×10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for ketene, MK, EK, and DMK, respectively. The major product was a carbonyl compound; HCHO from ketene, CH3CHO from MK, and CH3COCH3 from DMK; the yield was ≈80%, 72±17%, and 70±3%, respectively. It is proposed that the reaction proceeded mainly via an OH addition to the olefinic carbons of ketenes and the adduct decomposes to give a carbonyl compound and CO as final products in air.
The Electric Properties of VO2 Thin Films Doped with Other Metal Oxides under Water Vapor
Authors: Kera Yoshiya , Oonishi Tadashi , Imori Hisateru , Kida Shigeharu
Published: July 2006

The electric property of a pure VO2 thin films, prepared from a vanadium naphthenate by thermal decomposition, was examined preliminarily under various inorganic gas atmospheres, H2O, H2, O2, N2O, and NO2, at 20–200 °C. Only in the case of the H2O adsorption, did the conductivity-temperature curve change reversibly; in the other cases it changed irreversibly. With respect to the VO2 films doped with Na2O, ZrO2, Cr2O3, and TiO2, similarly, the conductivities changed reversibly with the water vapor adsorbed; the extent and the manner of these changes differed rather greatly depending upon the kind of metal oxides doped. In the Zr–VO2 film, which had a large conductivity (σ) and its gap (Δσ) at the transition point (Tt=60 °C) relative to the pure VO2 film, the electric property was almost unaffected by water–vapor adsorption. In the cases of the Cr– and Ti–VO2 films, with quite small σ and Δσ values relative to the pure VO2 film, on the contrary, the In σ–1/T curves decreased parallelly to less than about one-half of that under a vacuum throughout the temperature range. With the Na–VO2 film, the σ–1/T curve measured under water vapor gradually nears that under a vaccum with the elevation of the temperature to 200 °C. From the comparisons of the effects of the electric properties of these doped films on the water vapor adsorbed, the structural features of the films, especially the contact states in the boundary layer, were deduced favorably. Furthermore, a possibility of the application to a switching element working at about 60 °C was suggested for the Zr–VO2 film, and that to a fume sensor working at a temperature less than 200 °C, for the Cr– and Ti–VO2 films.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of N-Ethylcarbazole
Authors: Kimura Toshihiko , Kai Yasushi , Yasuoka Noritake , Kasai Nobutami
Published: July 2006

N-Ethylcarbazole crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with fairly large unit cell dimensions of a=7.971(1), b=24.615(3), c=56.587(5) Å, Dm=1.17 g cm−3, Dc=1.168 g cm−3 for Z=40. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined anisotropically by the least-squares procedure, R=0.062 for 5134 non-zero reflections. Five crystallographically independent molecules are not different from each other, the carbazole group is planar, and the ethyl group attached to the nitrogen atom is almost perpendicular to the carbazole ring. In the crystal, each carbazole ring makes a similar angle with the a axis [52 to 55°].
Crystal Structures of Complexes between Hexacyanobutadiene and Tetramethyltetrathiafulvalene and Tetramethylthiotetrathiafulvalene
Authors: Katayama Chuji , Honda Masako , Kumagai Hiroaki , Tanaka Jiro , Saito Gunzi , Inokuchi Hiroo
Published: July 2006

Hexacyanobutadiene(HCBD) forms two kinds of molecular complexes with tetramethyltetrathiafulvalene(TMTTF) one kind with tetramethylthiotetrathiafulvalene(TTMTTF). The crystal structures of these complexes and neutral TTMTTF are determined by X-ray analyses. (TMTTF)2·HCBD is composed of 2:1 donor and acceptor, and TMTTF exists as a dimer cation stacked along the c axis. HCBD anions are included in the cavity of the dimer stack directing their molecular planes parallel to the stacking axis. TMTTF·HCBD is composed of 1:1 donor and acceptor, and has segregated cation and anion stacks with the interplanar spacing of 3.61 Å in TMTTF and 3.43 Å in HCBD columns. TTMTTF·HCBD is shown to have a regular segregated column with a partial charge transfer. Neutral TTMTTF has a non-planar conformation. The C=C and C–S bond lengths of the donors in free and complexed states are correlated with the degree of the charge transfer in these four complexes, and linear relationships are found between these two quantities.
Studies of “Manganese Cycle” for Gasification of Solid Carbon Resources. I. Formation and Hydrolysis of Manganese Carbides and Their Repetition
Authors: Iwahara Hiroyasu , Uchida Hiroyuki , Mizoguchi Satoshi
Published: July 2006

A new carbide method based on “Manganese Cycle” was studied in order to produce new fuel gas. This process consists of four steps; (i) carbide production from Mn2O3 and solid carbon sources, (ii) fuel gas production by means of hydrolysis of the carbide, (iii) spontaneous oxidation of Mn(OH)2 with air to Mn2O3, and (iv) regeneration of the carbide from Mn2O3 and new carbon sources. In this process, manganese is used as a recyclable medium for gas production, and hydrogen and hydrocarbons (C1–C5) are obtained by hydrolysis. Carbon monoxide generated during the formation of the carbide is also utilizable. The addition of Li2CO3 was effective for the carbide reproduction.
The Viscosities and Molal Volumes of t-Butyl Alcohol in Metal Chelate Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Yoshitani Kouzou
Published: July 2006

The Viscosities and molal volumes of t-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH) in aqueous solutions of [Fe(phen)3]Cl2, [Co(phen)3]Cl3 (phen=1,10-phenanthroline), [Co(en)3]Cl3 (en=ethylenediamine), tetraphenylphosphonium chloride ((C6H5)4PCl), tetramethylammonium chloride (Me4NCl), tetraethylammonium chloride (Et4NCl), and tetra-n-butylammonium bromide ((n-Bu)4NBr) were measured at 25 °C, and solute–solvent interactions characteristic of the metal chelate cations were investigated. The apparent molal volumes of t-BuOH in the solutions of [Fe(phen)3]2+ are larger than those in the (n-Bu)4N+ and [Co(phen)3]3+ solutions. The hydrophobicity of [Fe(phen)3]2+ is not so strong because of the aromaticity of the ligand. The same can be said for [Co(phen)3]3+. However, on the interaction between [Co(phen)3]3+ and t-BuOH, the charge-dipole interaction and hydrophobic interaction act cooperatively to stabilize this pair through the overlap of the solvation spheres.
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra and Electrical Conductivities of One-dimensional Halogen-bridged Pd(II)–Pt(IV) and Ni(II)–Pt(IV) Mixed-valence Complexes
Authors: Yamashita Masahiro , Murase Ichiro , Ito Tasuku , Wada Yoshiki , Mitani Tadaoki , Ikemoto Isao
Published: July 2006

The X-ray photoelectron spectra have been measured for the one-dimensional halogen-bridged metal-alternated mixed-valence complexes, [PdII(en)2][PtIVX2(en)2](ClO4)4 (X=Cl, Br, and I) and [NiII(en)2][PtIVX2(en)2](ClO4)4(X=Cl and Br), along with their parent complexes, [Pd(en)2]Cl2, Ni(en)2Cl2, and [PtCl2(en)2]Cl2. As the bridging halogen changes from Cl to I, the binding energies of the Pt(IV)4f levels become lower while those of M(II) (M=Pd and Ni) levels become higher, each gradually approaching to the M(III) binding energies (M=Pt, Pd, or Ni), respectively. Comparing the binding energies of the Pt(IV)4f levels in these hetero-metal mixedvalence complexes with those previously reported for the homo-metal halogen-bridged Pt(II)–Pt(IV) mixedvalence complexes having the same bridging halogens, the reductive trend of the oxidation states of Pt(IV) is found to be significantly suppressed by the metal alternation. In accord with this result, the activation energies obtained from the electrical conductivities are fairly larger than those of the homo-metal Pt(II)–Pt(IV) mixed-valence complexes. Their magnitudes are in the order of PdII–PtIV>NiII–PtIV>PtII–PtIV, suggesting that the electron–electron repulsion energy on M(II) ions plays an important role in mixed-valence states.
A Highly Selective Transannular Route to trans-trans-1,2,3,3a,4,-5,9,10,10a,10b-Decahydropyrenes from [2.2]Metacyclophanes
Authors: Sato Takeo , Nishiyama Kozaburo , Morita Akira , Iitaka Yoichi
Published: July 2006

The treatment of [2.2]metacyclophanes with aluminum chloride gave a variety of hydropyrenes as the results of dehydrogenation, cycloisomerization, and disproportionation reactions. With ethylaluminum dichloride, however, a highly selective reaction occurred to give trans-trans-1,2,3,3a,4,5,9,10,10a,10b-decahydropyrene. Revised structures were presented for cis-cis- and trans-trans-decahydropyrenes based on 13C NMR and X-ray crystallographic analyses.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Oxidations by Metal Ions. V. Oxidation of 4-Oxopentanoic Acid by the Aquavanadium(V) Ion
Authors: Mehrotra Raj Narain
Published: July 2006

The outer sphere oxidation of 4-oxopentanoic acid(4-OPA), studied at 50 °C by aquavanadium(V) ion, is H+-catalyzed reaction. The reaction has a first-order dependence on each of [Vv], [4-OPA], and [H+]. The H+ catalysis can not be ascribed to keto\ightleftarrowsenol equilibrium because of the knowledge that a γ-keto acid is the least enolized amongst keto acids. Hence V(OH)32+ (aq) ion is the active oxidant. The proposed mechanism, assumed to involve the initial decarboxylation, is supported by the spot test characterization of acetoin as the intermediate oxidation product. Acetoin is further oxidized to two moles of acetic acid which is the final oxidation product. The overall energy of activation(ΔH1=26±3 kJ mol−1) is lower than the normal value(84 kJ mol−1) and therefore the highly negative value of the overall entropy of activation(ΔS1=−268±8 J K−1 mol−1) is considered to be responsible for the observed slowrate of oxidation.
Reactions of Ketene, Methylketene, Ethylketene, and Dimethylketene with Ozone in Air
Authors: Hatakeyama Shiro , Honda Shigeo , Akimoto Hajime
Published: July 2006

Rate constants for reactions with ozone were measured for four kinds of simple ketenes (ketene, methylketene, ethylketene and dimethylketene) in 1 atm of air. The rate constants were obtained as upper limits; <1×10−21, 7×10−19, 1×10−18, and 4×10−17 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively. The mechanism of the reactions was proposed to be similar to that for the liquid-phase reaction.
Microwave Spectrum and Barrier to Internal Rotation of 4-Chlorophenol
Authors: Onda Masao , Motoda Takashi , Yamaguchi Ichiro
Published: July 2006

Microwave spectra of 4-chlorophenol were observed in the frequency ranges 8–18 and 26.5–40 GHz. Rotational constants were obtained for the ground vibrational states of three isotopic species, 35ClC6H4OH, 37ClC6H4OH, and 35ClC6H4OD, and for the first excited state of C–Cl out-of-plane bending mode for 35ClC6H4OH. All the b-type Q-branch transition lines of the OH species split into doublets, but those of the OD species do not. The separation of doublets is 158.99±0.16 MHz for the ground state of 35ClC6H4OH. An analysis of the doublets on the basis of the pseudo-symmetric internal rotor model gives the barrier height to the internal rotation of hydroxyl group as V2=13.98±0.37 kJ mol−1 for the 35Cl species. The V2 value obtained is compared with the theoretical V2 value calculated for 4-X-phenols (X=H, F, Cl) by means of ab initio MO with the 4-31G basis set.
A Facile One-pot Synthesis of Sulfides from Alkyl Halides and Alcohols Using Tetramethylthiourea
Authors: Fujisaki Shizuo , Fujiwara Isamu , Norisue Yasumasa , Kajigaeshi Shoji
Published: July 2006

Sulfides can be readily prepared under mild conditions by a reaction of tetramethylthiourea with alkyl halides and alcohols in the presence of sodium hydride in satisfactory yields. The scope and limitation of this method are also presented.
Photochromism of Benzylviologens Containing Methyl Groups on Pyridinium Rings and Embedded in Solid Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) Matrix
Authors: Kamogawa Hiroyoshi , Sugiyama Masashi
Published: July 2006

Benzylviologens with 2,2′- and 3,3′-dimethyl groups embedded in poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) matrix indicate reversible photochromisms with absorption maxima at 605 and 775 nm under light, respectively, which are different from those (610, 570 nm) of conventional benzylviologens.
A New Theorem on an Internal Balance in the State Energy
Authors: Isihara Makoto
Published: July 2006

A theorem useful for checking the accuracy of the wave function is presented, which is especially valid and significant for open-shell systems. The theorem connects the kinetic and potential energies of electrons in the up- and down-spin states with one another through an antisymmetric quantity concerned with the spin polarization. Two mutually related derivations of the theorem are shown for the atomic system: One from the hypervirial theorem sets forth the general applicability and the other by the spin-dependent scaling clarifies the variational aspect. The numerical application to restricted and unrestricted analytic self-consistent field wave functions illustrates the sound nature of the theorem. Possibilities of its extension and generalization are touched upon briefly.
Magnetic and Spectral Properties of Dimeric Copper(II) Phenylpropynoate Complexes
Authors: Muto Yoneichiro , Sasaki Ayako , Tokii Tadashi , Nakashima Michio
Published: July 2006

Dimeric copper(II) phenylpropynoate adducts [Cu(Ph–C≡C–COO)2·L]2, where L=benzonitrile, 3,5-dichloropyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide and triphenylphosphine oxide, have been synthesized in order to study the influence of the C≡C group linked to the COO group upon the extent of antiferromagnetic interaction between the two metal ions. Magnetic susceptibility measurements between 80 and 300 K show that the singlet-triplet separation (−2J) ranges from 283 to 318 cm−1. The magnetic behavior of the non-adduct compound Cu(Ph–C≡C–COO)2 is interpreted by taking an inter-dimer interaction into consideration.
Optically Active (2-Aminoethyl)methylphenylarsine and (2-Aminoethyl)butylphenylarsine and Their Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Shigetomi Yoshiro , Kojima Masaaki , Fujita Junnosuke
Published: July 2006

The chiral bidentate ligands, (2-aminoethyl)methylphenylarsine (mpan) and (2-aminoethyl)butylphenylarsine (bpan) were prepared and resolved by preparing their palladium(II) complexes containing, respectively, (R)-N,N-dimethyl-1-(2-naphthyl)ethylamine and (S)-N,N-dimethyl-α-methylbenzylamine. The optically actaive free arsine ligands can be readily liberated from the palladium(II) complexes, and complexes of the type, [MIIX2L] (MII=Pd, Pt; X=Cl, Br, I; L=R-mpan, S-bpan) were prepared. The absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of these and related complexes were recorded, and the absolute configurations of the arsenic atoms were assigned by comparing the CD spectra with those of analogous phosphine complexes. The optically active arsines in diethyl ether solution racemize by the addition of hydrochloric acid at room temperature, but their palladium(II) complexes in acetonitrile–ethanol solution containing hydrochloric acid are very optically stable and do not racemize by refluxing for a long time.
The Structure of Liquid Alcohols by Neutron and X-ray Diffraction. III. Liquid Structure of Methanol
Authors: Tanaka Yukio , Ohtomo Norio , Arakawa Kiyoshi
Published: July 2006

A structure analysis of neutron and X-ray diffraction data of liquid methanol was performed by applying a general theoretical procedure for the fluid system composed of molecular clusters. The calculated structure factor curves are found to reproduce the essential features of observed ones. It was concluded that in liquid methanol chain clusters consisting of three or four hydrogen-bonded molecules are dominant on the average.
On the Assignment of Band II in the Electronic Spectrum of [Ni(H2O)6]2+
Authors: Ito Hisao , Sone Kozo
Published: July 2006

[Ni(H2O)6]2+ shows two absorption maxima in the red part of the visible spectrum. The one with the lower frequency has been assigned to the 3A2g→3T1g(F) transition, and the other to the spin-forbidden 3A2g→1Eg transition. A closer comparison with related spectral data, however, makes the reverse assignment more reasonable.
Structure Determination of a New Bitter Principle, Shinjulactone L, from Ailanthus altissima
Authors: Ishibashi Masami , Tsuyuki Takahiko , Takahashi Takeyoshi
Published: July 2006

A new quassinoid, shinjulactone L, was isolated from Ailanthus altissima  Swingle and the structure was determined to be 12β-acetoxy-2α-hydroxypicrasane-1,11,16-trione by spectral and chemical means.
Thermodynamic and Viscometric Studies on the Solution State of Surfynol 465 in Water
Authors: Sato Shizuko , Kishimoto Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

The vapor-pressure depression, surface tension, density and viscosity of the aqueous solution of Surfynol 465, nonionic surfactant, α,α′-[2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diyl]bis[ω-hydroxy-poly(oxyethylene)], were measured at various concentrations and 298.15 K, indicating cmc at 11–14×10−3 mol kg−1 and a second cmc at ca. 30×10−3 mol kg−1. From vapor-pressure depression, the association numbers of first and second micelles were approximately estimated at 4 and 13–16, respectively. From the results of density and viscosity measurements, the molar volume and Einstein’s parameter, k, were calculated, respectively. The cohesion between the two hydrophobic chains in monomer was suggested by the analysis of molar volume. It was estimated on the molar volume and k of Surfynol 465 that the hydration of two hydrophilic poly(oxyethylene) chains is significant in monomer as well as micelles, but scarcely changes through micelle formation. The effect of concentration on k was discussed with respect to the shape and interaction of micelles.
Shock-tube Studies of N2O Decomposition and N2O–H2 Reaction
Authors: Hidaka Yoshiaki , Takuma Hirokazu , Suga Masao
Published: July 2006

N2O decomposition and N2O–H2 reaction were studied behind incident and reflected shock waves in the temperature range 1450–2200 K and pressure range 0.6–3.5 atm using both single-pulse and time-resolve techniques. A computer-simulation study was performed to determine the rate-constant expressions of important elementary reactions. Computer calculations showed that the values of the rate constant for N2O+O\xrightarrowk2N2+O2 and N2O+O\xrightarrowk2NO+NO (cited in current papers) are too low. The rate-constant expressions were found to be k2=7.0×1014exp(−28 kcal/RT) cm3mol−1 s−1 and k3=5.6×1014exp (−28 kcal/RT) cm3 mol−1 s−1. The rate constant expression for N2O+H\xrightarrowk2N2+OH, was found to be k4=1.5×1014exp (−15 kcal/RT) cm3 mol−1 s−1.
Assignment of Conjugate Double Bond Systems Produced in Heated PVA Film by Absorption and Excitation Spectra
Authors: Maruyama Kazunori , Akahoshi Hiroshi , Kobayashi Michio , Tanizaki Yoshié
Published: July 2006

Absorption, emission and excitation spectra of heat-treated PVA film have been interpreted as corresponding to mixtures of –(CH=CH)n– and –(CH=CH)n–CO–, which are distinguishable from each other according to whether spectrum is accompanied with fine structures or not. The former shows fine structures and has had n determined to be 2–14 by analysis of peak locations on the basis of linearity for Lewis-Calvin’s plot. For the latter, n has been determined to be 1–7, and Lewis-Calvin’s plot between the wavelength of band maximum and n also shows a good linearity.
Adsorption and Orientation of Isomeric Phthalic Acids on Alumina Surface Observed by Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy
Authors: Higo Morihide , Mizutaru Sinichi , Kamata Satuo
Published: July 2006

The vibrational spectra of phthalic, isophthalic and terephthalic acid adsorbed onto the alumina surface have been measured by using inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy. The tunneling spectra of these acids were obtained by liquid-phase doping with water or various alcohol solutions. The detailed assignments for these spectra are given, together with a comparison of their infrared and Raman spectra. It has been found that both phthalic and isophthalic acid are adsorbed onto the alumina surface mainly as the dicarboxylate ions. However, a comparison between the tunneling spectra of terephthalic and p-acetylbenzoic acid shows that terephthalic acid is adsorbed predominantly as the monocarboxylate ion onto the surface when doped with alcohol solutions. Hydrogen bonding is observed among the adsorbed hydrogen terephthalate ions. These results show a difference in their orientation and different probabilities of chemical interaction between the alumina surface and the carboxyl groups of the adsorbed isomeric phthalic acids.
Optical Energy Storage by Bilayer Electrodes, Polymerized Coordination Compounds of Ruthenium or Iron
Authors: Kanda Seiichi , Murray Royce W
Published: July 2006

Electrochemistry of bilayer electrodes has until now been investigated mainly in the dark. For the further development of the photoelectrochemistry of bilayer electrodes and its application to optical-energy storage, a polymer of N-[4-[2-(trimethoxysilyl)ethyl]benzyl]-N′-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide (BVSiBr2), a photoredox siloxane polymer, was employed as a photosensitive outer-layer, and bis(2,2′-bipyridine)bis(4-vinylpyridine)ruthenium(II) bis(hexafluorophosphate), [Ru(bpy)2(vpy)2](PF6)2, or tris(4-methyl-4′-viny-2,2′-bipyridine)iron(II) bis(hexafluorophosphate), [Fe(vbpy)3](PF6)2 was electrochemically polymerized as the inner layer on the surface of an SnO2 electrode. Direct and indirect photochemical reductions(trapping) of the outer layer siloxan polymer were attempted in the following ways: 1) the outer-layer, poly(BVSiBr2), was chemically trapped with a methylviologen radical, MV\underset.+, produced photochemically in an illumination cell and transferred to the electrochemical cell, 2) the outer-layer was photochemically trapped by UV irradiation in the presence of photosensitive alcohols (i-PrOH and EtOH) and 3) by photochemical trapping with tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium and triethanolamine. The 1st and the 2nd methods yielded results expressed by cyclic voltammograms showing an accumulation of poly(BVSi\underset.+), that is, a storage of optical energy in the outer-layer. The result of the 3rd method was negative.
Concerning Bent Structures of Cumulenones
Authors: Ichikawa Hiroshi , Ebisawa Yukiko
Published: July 2006

The cause of the unusual bent structures of cumulenones has been studied by HF/6-31G and MP3/ 6-31G methods. It is concluded that participation of the lone pair electrons to the adjacent π-bond results in the deformed structures.
The Crystal Structure of Ion-exchanged Mordenite
Authors: Ito Masatoki , Saito Yoshihiko
Published: July 2006

The crystal structure of hydrated mordenite, yielded at Hokiyadake, Nagano City, Japan, Na1.4Ca2.9Al7.2Si40.8O96·nH2O, were refined to R=0.070 for 1526 observed reflections. Notable ordering of the aluminum positions of the aluminosilicate framework was observed.
Anion-catalyzed Phase-transfer Catalysis. II. Effects of Anionic Tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate Catalyst in Phase-transfer-catalyzed Sulfonium Ylide Formation
Authors: Shiraki Yasuichiro , Onitsuka Kazutaka , Takuma Keisuke , Sonoda Takaaki , Kobayashi Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

Tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (TFPB) ion as an anionic phase-transfer catalyst promoted the formation of oxirane from various carbonyl substrates and trimethylsulfonium chloride in a two-phase mixture of dichloromethane and concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide.
X-Ray Crystal Structure of 9-Methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-4-ene-6,9-carbolactone. Revised Structure of Iodolactonization Product of 9-Methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[4.4.0]deca-4,8-diene-6-carboxylic Acid
Authors: Nakayama Mitsuru , Kuramoto Junji , Matsui Takanao , White James D
Published: July 2006

The structure of the title compound, deiodo lactone compound, was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis: The results lead to a revision of the previously proposed structure for iodolactonization product of 9-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[4.4.0]deca-4,8-diene-6-carboxylic acid.
Yields of Solvated Electrons at 30 Picoseconds in Water and Alcohols
Authors: Sumiyoshi Takashi , Tsugaru Kazunori , Yamada Tatsuya , Katayama Meiseki
Published: July 2006

Direct measurements of the yield of hydrated electrons in aqueous solutions and solvated electrons in alcohols were carried out using a stroboscopic picosecond pulse radiolysis system. The yield of solvated electrons was obtained by simultaneous consideration of the pulse shape and radiation doses. The yield at 30 ps after irradiation, G(eaq−)30ps, was determined to be 4.8±0.3 products per 100 eV as compared to the G(eaq−)100ns of 2.7. Experimental values, including the present ones, are higher by 0.3 than the theoretical ones calculated using the spur diffusion model in the time period from 3×10−11 to 10−8 s. Nevertheless, both results show a quite similar time dependence, i.e., fast decay of hydrated electrons in spur reactions. The G-values of solvated electrons at 30 ps were also determined in alcohols. The G-value of solvated electron is 3.4±0.3 in both methanol and ethanol, 2.0±0.3 in 1-propanol and 2.3±0.3 in ethylene glycol.
The Reaction of cyclo-Triphosphate with l-α- or β-Alanine
Authors: Tsuhako Mitsutomo , Nakajima Akemi , Miyajima Tohru , Ohashi Shigeru , Nariai Hiroyuki , Motooka Itaru
Published: July 2006

The reaction of sodium cyclo-triphosphate(P3m) with l-α- or β-alanine in an aqueous solution was investigated using anion-exchange chromatography, 31P-NMR spectroscopy, chemical analysis for phosphorus and alanine, IR spectroscopy, and thin-layer chromatography(TLC). 1) P3m readily reacted with l-α-alanine at pH 10 and 12 to form two orthophosphate derivatives of α-alanine: N-(1-carboxyethyl)phosphoramidate(P1-(N)ala) and 1,3,2-oxazaphospholidin-2-olate derivative(P1-(N,O)ala) of five-membered ring structure. 2) Only triphosphate derivative, N-(2-carboxyethyl)triphosphoramidate(P3-(N)ala), was obtained in the reaction of P3m and β-alanine. 3) The total yield of P1-(N)ala and P1-(N,O)ala was about 75% when P3m was allowed to react with α-alanine at a molar ratio of 1:3 and pH 12, while the yield of P3-(N)ala was about 80% in the reaction of P3m with β-alanine at a molar ratio of 1:1 and pH 12. 4) Oligopeptides suchs as l-alanylalanine(dimer) and l-alanylalanylalanine(trimer) were formed in the reaction of P3m with α-alanine. 5) Under acidic conditions, P3-(N)ala recyclized to the starting material P3m and β-alanine. 6) The mechanism of the reaction of P3m with α- or β-alanine is discussed.