bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
African American acafandom and other strangers: New genealogies of fan studies
Authors: Wanzo Rebecca
Published: September 2015

Because scholars have paid insufficient attention to race in fan studies, a new genealogy of fan studies is needed, one that includes different kinds of primary and secondary texts that have explored responses of black fans. There is a rich history of black fan criticism and acafandom that has never been seen as such but that both complements and complicates current definitions and paradigms in fan studies. Discussions of fan otherness, antifandom, and fan ambivalence explore the difference that the inclusion of African American cultural criticism would make to both canonical scholarship and more recently published work in the field.
Indicador de previsión “Tiempo de descripción de una agrupación documental” e indicadores de previsión asociados
Authors: Morales-Becerra Vicente
Published: September 2015

El trabajo caracteriza un cuerpo de indicadores de previsión en el ámbito de las Unidades de Información y Documentación (UID), todos ellos piezas necesarias para poder construir el indicador de previsión “Tiempo de descripción de un agrupación documental”, el cual va a permitir determinar el tiempo que será necesario emplear para describir una agrupación documental que, o bien permanece estática, o bien se incrementa periódicamente. Como corolario, se ha obtenido otro indicador de previsión que permite determinar la cantidad de trabajo descriptivo que hay que realizar en un ejercicio para poder describir una agrupación documental, o una parte de ella, en un tiempo determinado. Finalmente, se propone la importancia de insertar estos nuevos indicadores de previsión en los Cuadros de Mando Integral como uno de sus principales recursos de cara a la elaboración de la planificación y toma de decisiones de las UID.
Análisis de la prestación de servicios a inmigrantes en la red Bibliotecas de Barcelona
Authors: Cervantes-Martínez Luisa , Navas-Luque Marisol , Cuadrado-Guirado Isabel
Published: September 2015

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la calidad de la prestación de servicios bibliotecarios a inmigrantes en la red Bibliotecas de Barcelona utilizando como referencia el documento Comunidades Multiculturales: Directrices para el Servicio Bibliotecario, elaborado por la International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). La adopción de estas Directrices convierte a las bibliotecas públicas en entornos que pueden facilitar la cohesión social, el conocimiento e intercambio cultural y la interacción entre usuarios de distintas culturas. Para llevar a cabo este estudio se han revisado distintas fuentes de información y se ha entrevistado a dos responsables del Consorcio de Bibliotecas de Barcelona. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian la existencia de un alto nivel de cumplimiento de las Directrices en la red Bibliotecas de Barcelona. Se discuten las posibles implicaciones de estos resultados en relación con el papel de las bibliotecas públicas como espacios de interacción e intercambio cultural.
Reutilización de datos abiertos en la administración pública en España y uso de licencias-tipo
Authors: Clabo Néstor , Ramos-Vielba Irene
Published: September 2015

Este artículo recoge la creciente tendencia en favor de los datos abiertos generados por las administraciones públicas y aborda su reutilización mediante el uso de licencias-tipo. Tras exponer algunas propuestas internacionales de apertura de datos, se examina la incidencia en España a través del marco legislativo actual y algunas de las principales iniciativas existentes, que aún presentan determinadas carencias, entre las que destaca cierto déficit de interoperabilidad. A continuación se analiza la regulación normativa de la reutilización de datos mediante el uso de licencias-tipo y se reflexiona sobre su aplicación al caso español. Se constata que las licencias Creative Commons se adaptan a la legislación española vigente porque contemplan todas las modalidades de difusión y explotación recogidas en la misma, lo que hace su uso recomendable.
Tipología de recursos astronómicos históricos y fondos documentales en las cartotecas españolas: estado de la cuestión
Authors: Alonso-Lifante M. Pilar , Chaín-Navarro Celia
Published: September 2015

Se presenta el estado de la cuestión de un tipo de recurso especializado de gran valor histórico y científico: la documentación astronómica. Para ello, en primer lugar se definen los principales tipos de recursos astronómicos existentes señalando su evolución histórica. En segundo lugar se presentan los resultados de un estudio, realizado entre abril y mayo de 2014, sobre los fondos astronómicos existentes en cartotecas españolas, tomando como referencia el directorio de IBERCARTO de 2012. Las conclusiones indican que casi la mitad de las cartotecas encuestadas conservan documentos de este tipo, encontrándose dispersos en diferentes colecciones. Además, en torno al 70% de las instituciones tienen catalogada toda su documentación astronómica, descrita con los estándares clásicos de codificación (MARC 21) y catalogación (ISBD e ISAD(G)), aunque recientes estudios han puesto de manifiesto que estos estándares no son los más adecuados para describirla, por lo que actualmente no se consigue una satisfactoria recuperación de información.
La satisfacción de uso de los dispositivos e-reader en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios españoles
Authors: Navarro-Molina Carolina , Alonso-Arroyo Adolfo , Vidal-Infer Antonio , Valderrama-Zurián Juan Carlos , Aleixandre-Benavent Rafael
Published: September 2015

El consumo de libros científicos electrónicos es aún muy reducido en el ámbito universitario, debido en parte a la necesidad de realizar una lectura de trabajo durante más tiempo y a problemas de usabilidad y de diseño de las interfaces. En este trabajo se aborda el grado de satisfacción de uso del e-reader, el tipo de lecturas que se realizan en estos dispositivos y el nivel de conocimiento, uso y satisfacción con la colección digital de las bibliotecas universitarias. Para ello se ha realizado una encuesta digital dirigida a estudiantes de las universidades públicas españolas que durante el curso 2012-2013 impartieron docencia en el Grado de Información y Documentación. Los resultados muestran que pese a que el uso del e-reader está muy extendido, el ordenador sigue siendo el dispositivo más empleado para la lectura y consulta del libro científico digital.
Porcentaje de artículos altamente citados: una medida comparable del impacto de revistas entre campos científicos
Authors: González-Betancor Sara M. , Dorta-González Pablo
Published: September 2015

Actualmente, los dos indicadores bibliométricos más empleados en la evaluación de revistas científicas son el índice de impacto y el índice h. Sin embargo, ambos indicadores dependen fuertemente del campo científico, lo que los hace no comparables entre campos. Además, el índice de impacto no es robusto a la presencia de artículos con un gran número de citas, mientras que el índice h depende del tamaño de la revista. Estas limitaciones a la hora de comparar revistas de diferentes tamaños y campos hace necesario considerar al mismo tiempo otros indicadores de impacto para revistas que sí puedan ser comparables entre campos, no dependan del tamaño de la revista y sean además robustos a la presencia de artículos con un elevado número de citas. Una alternativa es el porcentaje de artículos altamente citados en cada revista. En este trabajo se compara empíricamente este indicador con el índice de impacto y el índice h, y se analizan diferentes arcos temporales y cotas para que un documento pueda ser considerado altamente citado en comparación con otros del mismo año y campo. Como principal resultado se obtiene que un percentil del 20% y una ventana de citación de tres años producen distribuciones de datos más comparables entre campos científicos.
Land Use Relationships for a Rare Freshwater Mussel Species Endemic to Central Texas
Authors: Randklev Charles R. , Wang Hsiao-Hsuan , Groce Julie E. , Grant William E. , Robertson Stirling , Wilkins Neal
Published: September 2015

We assessed the influence of geology, land use, and other features on the occurrence of the rare freshwater mussel smooth pimpleback, Quadrula houstonensis, in the Leon River, Texas. Boosted regression trees were used to assess the relationships between the species’ occurrence and potential explanatory variables based on field data from 52 sampling locations. The individual variables that best explained prevalence for this species were downstream distance from reservoirs, percentage of shrubland within the riparian buffer, and percentage of alluvium and aquifer bearing rock-types. These results indicate that smooth pimpleback may be sensitive to flow modification and changes in land use that increase sedimentation. The application of similar modeling efforts to other rare species in this region could help in their management and conservation.
Identification of Thiostrepton as a Novel Inhibitor for Psoriasis-like Inflammation Induced by TLR7–9
Authors: Lai Chao-Yang , Yeh Da-Wei , Lu Chih-Hao , Liu Yi-Ling , Huang Li-Rung , Kao Cheng-Yuan , Chen Huan-Yuan , Huang Chi-Ying F. , Chang Chung-Hsing , Luo Yunping , Xiang Rong , Chuang Tsung-Hsien
Published: September 2015

Activation of TLR7–9 has been linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis. Thus, therapeutic applications of antagonists of these TLRs for such disorders are being investigated. Bortezomib (Velcade) is a proteasome inhibitor known to suppress activation of these TLRs. To identify novel TLR7–9 inhibitors, we searched the Gene Expression Omnibus database for gene expression profiles of bortezomib-treated cells. These profiles were then used to screen the Connectivity Map database for chemical compounds with similar functions as bortezomib. A natural antibiotic, thiostrepton, was identified for study. Similar to bortezomib, thiostrepton effectively inhibits TLR7–9 activation in cell-based assays and in dendritic cells. In contrast to bortezomib, thiostrepton does not inhibit NF-κB activation induced by TNF-α, IL-1, and other TLRs, and it is less cytotoxic to dendritic cells. Thiostrepton inhibits TLR9 localization in endosomes for activation via two mechanisms, which distinguish it from currently used TLR7–9 inhibitors. One mechanism is similar to the proteasome inhibitory function of bortezomib, whereas the other is through inhibition of endosomal acidification. Accordingly, in different animal models, thiostrepton attenuated LL37- and imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. These results indicated that thiostrepton is a novel TLR7–9 inhibitor, and compared with bortezomib, its inhibitory effect is more specific to these TLRs, suggesting the potential therapeutic applications of thiostrepton on immunologic disorders elicited by inappropriate activation of TLR7–9.
Cutting Edge: IL-25 Targets Dendritic Cells To Attract IL-9–Producing T Cells in Acute Allergic Lung Inflammation
Authors: Claudio Estefania , Tassi Ilaria , Wang Hongshan , Tang Wanhu , Ha Hye-lin , Siebenlist Ulrich
Published: September 2015

Asthma is a common inflammatory disease of airways that is often associated with type 2 responses triggered by allergens, such as house dust mites (HDMs). IL-25 is a key mucosal cytokine that may be produced by stressed epithelial cells; it rapidly activates type 2 innate lymphoid cells to produce IL-13 and IL-5. When administered directly into lungs, IL-25 induces acute inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying IL-25–initiated inflammation and the roles of this cytokine in the context of HDM-induced allergic inflammation are not fully understood. We show in this article that lung-resident conventional dendritic cells were direct targets of IL-25. IL-25–stimulated dendritic cells rapidly induced mediators, such as the chemokine CCL17, which, in turn, attracted IL-9–producing T cells. Importantly, these mechanisms also operated during HDM-induced allergic lung inflammation.
Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 Il10 Inhibits Inflammatory Activities of Carp Macrophages and Promotes Proliferation of Igm+ B Cells and Memory T Cells in a Manner Similar to Carp Il10
Authors: Piazzon M. Carla , Wentzel Annelieke S. , Tijhaar Edwin J. , Rakus Krzysztof Ł. , Vanderplasschen Alain , Wiegertjes Geert F. , Forlenza Maria
Published: September 2015

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the causative agent of a lethal disease of carp and encodes for an Il10 homolog (ORF134). Our previous studies with a recombinant ORF134-deleted strain and the derived revertant strain suggested that cyprinid herpesvirus 3 Il10 (CyHV-3 Il10 [cyhv3Il10]) is not essential for viral replication in vitro, or virulence in vivo. In apparent contrast, cyhv3Il10 is one of the most abundant proteins of the CyHV-3 secretome and is structurally very similar to carp Il10 and also human IL10. To date, studies addressing the biological activity of cyhv3Il10 on cells of its natural host have not been performed. To address the apparent contradiction between the presence of a structurally conserved Il10 homolog in the genome of CyHV-3 and the lack of a clear phenotype in vivo using recombinant cyhv3Il10-deleted viruses, we used an in vitro approach to investigate in detail whether cyhv3Il10 exerts any biological activity on carp cells. In this study, we provide direct evidence that cyhv3Il10 is biologically active and, similarly to carp Il10, signals via a conserved Stat3 pathway modulating immune cells of its natural host, carp. In vitro, cyhv3Il10 deactivates phagocytes with a prominent effect on macrophages, while also promoting proliferation of Igm+ B cells and memory T cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates a clear biological activity of cyhv3Il10 on cells of its natural host and indicates that cyhv3Il10 is a true viral ortholog of carp Il10. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first report on biological activities of a nonmammalian viral Il10 homolog.
Expression, Function, and Molecular Properties of the Killer Receptor Ncr1-Noé
Authors: Glasner Ariella , Simic Hrvoje , Miklić Karmela , Roth Ziv , Berhani Orit , Khalaila Isam , Jonjic Stipan , Mandelboim Ofer
Published: September 2015

NK cells kill various cells using activating receptors, such as the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs). NKp46 is a major NCR and is the only NCR expressed in mice (denoted Ncr1). Using Ncr1-deficient mice (Ncr1gfp/pfp) we demonstrated that Ncr1 controls various pathologies, and that in its absence Ncr1-related functions are impaired. In 2012, another Ncr1-related mouse was generated, named Noé, in which a random mutation, W32R, in position 32, impaired the Ncr1-Noé cell surface expression. Interestingly, in the Noé mice, Ncr1-dependent deficiencies were not observed. Additionally, the Noé-NK cells were hyperactivated, probably due to increased Helios expression, and the Noé mice demonstrate increased clearance of influenza and murine CMV. In contrast, in the Ncr1gfp/pfp mice infection with influenza was lethal and we show in the present study no difference in murine CMV infection between Ncr1gfp/pfp and wild-type (WT) mice. Because the foremost difference between the Noé and Ncr1gfp/gfp mice is the presence of a mutated Ncr1-Noé protein, we studied its properties. We show that Ncr1-Noé and various other Ncr1 mutants in position 32 can be expressed on the surface, albeit slowly and unstably, and that ligand recognition and function of the various Ncr1-Noé is similar to the WT Ncr1. We further show that the glycosylation pattern of Ncr1-Noé is aberrant, that the Ncr1-Noé proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum, and that the expression of Ncr1-Noé proteins, but not WT Ncr1, leads to increased Helios expression. Thus, we suggest that the NK hyperactivated phenotype observed in the Noé mice might result from the presence of the Ncr1-Noé protein.
Artillery Lake map-area, District of Mackenzie
Authors: Fraser J A
Published: September 2015

The area lies partly within the Slave Province and partly within the Churchill Province of the Canadian Shield. Geological mapping on a scale of one inch to four miles has revealed that the Slave rocks comprise mainly muscovite leucogranite and that the Churchill
Province south of McDonald Fault is underlain chiefly by granite, granite-gneiss and migmatite, and north of McDonald Fault, by strongly foliated north-trending belts of pelitic and psammitic schists and gneisses, and amphibolites of volcanic origin, all of probable Archean age. Rocks in the
Churchill Province were intruded and migmatized by granite during the Keno ran orogeny, and were again updated and metamorphosed during the Hudsonian orogeny. The metamorphic grade increases eastward, reaching granulite facies twenty miles east of the boundary between the provinces. Diabase dykes
that intrude the plutonic rocks, strike north, northeast, and east. All the plutonic rocks and the east-trending dykes have been subjected to retrograde metamorphism and severe cataclasis following the main phase of metamorphism attending the Hudsonian orogeny. Mylonite is well developed in some
layers of the gneisses and along some of the lineaments that parallel the strike of the gneisses. Lithologic units are dextrally displaced along northeasterly trending faults that parallel McDonald Fault. Diabase dykes of the Mackenzie swarm, the youngest rocks in the region, appear to cross this
fault without offset. Pyritic gossans occur in the pelitic schist and granulite.
Coppermine and Dismal lakes map area, District of Mackenzie
Authors: Baragar W R A , Donaldson J A
Published: September 2015

The copper potential of the area has been investigated many times, most recently in 1966-69, but none of the deposits discovered has yet proven to be exploitable. Most bedrock is of Proterozoic age and includes sedimentary and volcanic successions, older granite
intrusions, and upper Proterozoic gabbro and diabase sills. Pleistocene deposits are widespread. Ice flow was generally from the southeast. Marine deposits that mark an advance of the sea in the immediate postglacial period are about 350 feet above present sea level.
Mercury in permafrost regions; occurrence and distribution in the Kaminak Lake area, Northwest Territories
Authors: Hornbrook E H W , Jonasson I R
Published: September 2015

A major part of the Geological Survey of Canada's program concerning regional geochemical exploration has been the development and testing of regional hydro geochemical methods. The program in the copper-rich Ennadai-Rankin Inlet belt of volcanic and sedimentary
rocks near Kaminak Lake, southeastern Keewatin District, Northwest Territories, has discovered an unusual and unsuspected distribution of above background concentrations of mercury in natural waters. Most of the mercury is considered to be bound by organic material, both soluble and suspended. The
distribution of mercury in natural waters throughout the 2, 500- square -mile study area exhibits a definite relationship to the distribution underlying volcanic , sedimentary and granitic rocks; this feature is not shown by copper, zinc , and nickel. The ability of the present mercury method to
define major structures and to discriminate between granitic plutons and adjacent volcanic and sedimentary rocks is of obvious benefit to mineral exploration for favourable host rocks and /or sulphide mineralization in this and similar areas that are covered by extensive glacial drift. Natural
contamination of the waters in this remote environment by mercury, which cannot be attributed to industrial, agricultural or mining sources, suggests the possibility that there may be other similar mercuriferous provinces in the Canadian Shield.
Dendrochronological techniques used by the Geological Survey of Canada
Authors: Parker M L
Published: September 2015

Dendrochronological studies have been conducted to build tree-ring width and density chronologies for coniferous tree sites in order to provide chronological and climatological information on postglacial events. The approach has been to use the well-developed
methods in ring-width analysis (including computer data processing}, and the newly devised techniques in tree ring density analysis that employ X-ray and densitometric methods. New instruments and techniques developed are: the Geological Survey of Canada tree-ring scanning densitometer and data
acquisition system, methods for producing X-ray negatives of tree-ring specimens, new specimen preparation techniques, a power-driven increment borer, a tree-ring dating computer program and other data processing programs. Tree-ring samples collected from 1, 100 trees of 20 different species from
111 sites scattered throughout Canada indicate that many areas produce tree-ring series of datable quality, and that, in many cases, density measurements are more useful for cross dating purposes than ring-width data.
Elevated antimeasles antibody titre: An association in autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Chandra S. R. , Issac Thomas Gregor , Philip Mariamma , Krishnan A.
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Autoimmune encephalitis is a group of treatable noninfective encephalitic disorders with great clinical implications. They have a close resemblance to prion disease and some slow virus infections. We report the presence of significant titers of antimeasles antibody in some of our patients with autoimmune encephalitis resulting in diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Patients and Methods: Patients seen by us in the last 4 years with high titers (1:625 dilution) cerebrospinal fiuid (CSF) antimeasles antibody positivity were reviewed retrospectively. The data collected were assessed using SPSS- Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 15.0 (IBM corporation) software. The groups which showed elevated antimeasles antibody titers but did not have other parameters suggestive of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (Group 2) were segregated and compared with those who had the typical features (Group 1) using Fisher's Exact Test. Results: There were 33 patients with antimeasles antibody in CSF. Group 1 had 27 and Group 2 had 6 patients. Group 1 had lower age, cognitive dysfunction, slow myoclonus, less generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and focal seizures. Group 2 patients belonged to the higher age, had significant psychosis (P = 0.02), incontinence of bowel and bladder (P = 0.0001). Slow myoclonus was significant in the first group (P = 0.028), and weakness was significant in the second group (P = 0.028) and double incontinence in the second group (P = 0.0001). Magnetic resonance imaging showed significant gray matter and cerebellar involvement in Group 2 P = 0.005 and P = 0.028, respectively. Conclusions: Patients who show significant titers of antimeasles antibodies in the CSF but belonging to older age group with psychosis, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, double incontinence, focal myoclonus, and electroencephalographic and imaging noncorroborative need to be investigated for autoimmune encephalitis in view of the great prognostic and therapeutic relevance.
Optic nerve sonography: A noninvasive means of detecting raised intracranial pressure in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Aduayi Olufunso Simisola , Asaleye Christianah Mopelola , Adetiloye Victor Adebayo , Komolafe Edward Oluwole , Aduayi Victor Adovi
Published: September 2015

Objective: The aim was to assess the use of optic nerve sonography (ONS) as a quick, noninvasive diagnostic test tool for detecting raised the intracranial pressure (ICP). Materials and Methods: A prospective blinded observational study was conducted at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study population consisted of 160 adult patients referred to the radiology department for cranial computed tomography (CT) scan. There were 80 subjects and 80 controls. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) was measured by a radiologist using a 7.5 Megahertz ultrasound probe while cranial CT was reviewed by other radiologists blinded to the ONSD. Results: Sixty-nine subjects (86.3%) had intracranial space occupying lesions (SOL) with cranial CT confirmed features of increased ICP, mean binocular ONSD of 5.7 ± 0.59 mm while 11 (13.7%) had intracranial SOL without any cranial CT evidence of increased ICP, mean binocular ONSD of 4.8 ± 0.39 mm. The difference of mean ONSD of the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). The controls had a mean binocular ONSD of 4.5 ± 0.22 mm and the difference in mean binocular ONSD for subjects with raised ICP and the controls were also statistically significant (P = 0.0001). A cut-off value of 5.2 mm (sensitivity 81.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 69.9–89.6], specificity 100% [95% CI: 71.5–100]) was obtained from the receiver operator characteristics curve as the mean binocular ONSD that best predicts raised ICP confirmed by at least a sign on cranial CT. Conclusions: Optic nerve sonography can differentiate between normal and elevated ICP and may serve as a useful screening tool in resource-limited practice.
Public health strategies to ensure reduction in suicide incidence in middle and low income nations
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Ramasamy Jegadeesh
Published: September 2015

Worldwide, the incidence of suicide has increased at an alarming rate and in the year 2012 close to 1 million people died because of suicide. Although, it is a well-acknowledged fact that suicides are completely preventable, the public health authorities have failed to halt the rising trend of the suicide because of the presence of various social and health related factors. As suicide is a complex issue, in the low and middle-income nations, the most cost-effective approach is to ensure the integration of suicide prevention program into the primary health care network. To conclude, suicide is an important public health concern which is definitively preventable. However, the need of the hour is that all the stakeholders should take collective responsibility, and work in collaboration to develop and implement a comprehensive multi-sectoral suicide prevention strategy.
In situ formation and spatial variability of particle number concentration in a European megacity
Authors: Pikridas M. , Sciare J. , Freutel F. , Crumeyrolle S. , von der Weiden-Reinmüller S.-L. , Borbon A. , Schwarzenboeck A. , Merkel M. , Crippa M. , Kostenidou E. , Psichoudaki M. , Hildebrandt L. , Engelhart G. J. , Petäjä T. , Prévôt A. S. H. , Drewnick F. , Baltensperger U. , Wiedensohler A. , Kulmala M. , Beekmann M. , Pandis S. N.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Ambient particle number size distributions were measured in Paris, France, during summer (1–31 July 2009) and winter (15 January to 15 February 2010) at three fixed ground sites and using two mobile laboratories and one airplane. The campaigns were part of the Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation (MEGAPOLI) project. New particle formation (NPF) was observed only during summer on approximately 50 % of the campaign days, assisted by the low condensation sink (about 10.7 ± 5.9 × 10−3 s−1). NPF events inside the Paris plume were also observed at 600 m altitude onboard an aircraft simultaneously with regional events identified on the ground. Increased particle number concentrations were measured aloft also outside of the Paris plume at the same altitude, and were attributed to NPF. The Paris plume was identified, based on increased particle number and black carbon concentration, up to 200 km away from the Paris center during summer. The number concentration of particles with diameters exceeding 2.5 nm measured on the surface at the Paris center was on average 6.9 ± 8.7 × 104 and 12.1 ± 8.6 × 104 cm−3 during summer and winter, respectively, and was found to decrease exponentially with distance from Paris. However, further than 30 km from the city center, the particle number concentration at the surface was similar during both campaigns. During summer, one suburban site in the NE was not significantly affected by Paris emissions due to higher background number concentrations, while the particle number concentration at the second suburban site in the SW increased by a factor of 3 when it was downwind of Paris.
Speciation of 127I and 129I in atmospheric aerosols at Risø, Denmark: insight into sources of iodine isotopes and their species transformations
Authors: Zhang L. Y. , Hou X. L. , Xu S.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Speciation analysis of iodine in aerosols is a very useful approach for understanding geochemical cycling of iodine in the atmosphere. In this study, overall iodine species, including water-soluble iodine species (iodide, iodate and water-soluble organic iodine), NaOH-soluble iodine and insoluble iodine have been determined for 129I and 127I in the aerosols collected at Risø, Denmark, between March and May 2011 (shortly after the Fukushima nuclear accident) and in December 2014. The measured concentrations of total iodine are in the range of 1.04–2.48 ng m−3 for 127I and (11.3–97.0) × 105 atoms m−3 for 129I, and 129I / 127I atomic ratios of (17.8–86.8) × 10−8. The contribution of Fukushima-derived 129I (peak value of 6.3 × 104 atoms m−3) is estimated to be negligible (less than 6 %) compared to the total 129I concentration in northern Europe. The concentrations and species of 129I and 127I in the aerosols are found to be strongly related to their sources and atmospheric pathways. Aerosols that were transported over the contaminated ocean, contained higher amounts of 129I than aerosols transported over the European continent. The high 129I concentrations of the marine aerosols are attributed to secondary emission from heavily 129I-contaminated seawater rather than primary gaseous release from nuclear reprocessing plants. Water-soluble iodine was found to be a minor fraction to total iodine for both 127I (7.8–13.7 %) and 129I (6.5–14.1 %) in ocean-derived aerosols, but accounted for 20.2–30.3 % for 127I and 25.6–29.5 % for 129I in land-derived aerosols. Iodide was the predominant form of water-soluble iodine, accounting for more than 97 % of the water-soluble iodine. NaOH-soluble iodine seems to be independent of the sources of aerosols. The significant proportion of 129I and 127I found in NaOH-soluble fractions is likely bound with organic substances. In contrast to water-soluble iodine however, the sources of air masses exerted distinct influences on insoluble iodine for both 129I and 127I, with higher values for marine air masses and lower values for terrestrial air masses.
Stratospheric ozone change and related climate impacts over 1850–2100 as modelled by the ACCMIP ensemble
Authors: Iglesias-Suarez F. , Young P. J. , Wild O.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Stratospheric ozone and associated climate impacts in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) simulations are evaluated in the recent past (1980–2000), and examined in the long-term (1850–2100) using the Representative Concentration Pathways low and high emission scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively) for the period 2000–2100. ACCMIP multi-model mean total column ozone (TCO) trends compare favourably, within uncertainty estimates, against observations. Particularly good agreement is seen in the Antarctic austral spring (−11.9 % dec−1 compared to observed ~ −13.8 ± 11 % dec−1), although larger deviations are found in the Arctic's boreal spring (−2.1 % dec−1 compared to observed ~ −5.3 ± 3 % dec−1). The simulated ozone hole has cooled the lower stratosphere during austral spring in the last few decades (−2.2 K dec−1). This cooling results in Southern Hemisphere summertime tropospheric circulation changes captured by an increase in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) index (1.27 hPa dec−1). In the future, the interplay between the ozone hole recovery and greenhouse gases (GHGs) concentrations may result in the SAM index returning to pre-ozone hole levels or even with a more positive phase from around the second half of the century (−0.4 and 0.3 hPa dec−1 for the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively). By 2100, stratospheric ozone sensitivity to GHG concentrations is greatest in the Arctic and Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes (37.7 and 16.1 DU difference between the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively), and smallest over the tropics and Antarctica continent (2.5 and 8.1 DU respectively). Future TCO changes in the tropics are mainly determined by the upper stratospheric ozone sensitivity to GHG concentrations, due to a large compensation between tropospheric and lower stratospheric column ozone changes in the two RCP scenarios. These results demonstrate how changes in stratospheric ozone are tightly linked to climate and show the benefit of including the processes interactively in climate models.
GOCI Yonsei Aerosol Retrieval (YAER) algorithm and validation during DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign
Authors: Choi M. , Kim J. , Lee J. , Kim M. , Je Park Y. , Jeong U. , Kim W. , Holben B. , Eck T. F. , Lim J. H. , Song C. K.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) onboard the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorology Satellites (COMS) is the first multi-channel ocean color imager in geostationary orbit. Hourly GOCI top-of-atmosphere radiance has been available for the retrieval of aerosol optical properties over East Asia since March 2011. This study presents improvements to the GOCI Yonsei Aerosol Retrieval (YAER) algorithm over ocean and land together with validation results during the DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign. Optical properties of aerosol are retrieved from the GOCI YAER algorithm including aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm, fine-mode fraction (FMF) at 550 nm, single scattering albedo (SSA) at 440 nm, Angstrom exponent (AE) between 440 and 860 nm, and aerosol type from selected aerosol models in calculating AOD. Assumed aerosol models are compiled from global Aerosol Robotic Networks (AERONET) inversion data, and categorized according to AOD, FMF, and SSA. Nonsphericity is considered, and unified aerosol models are used over land and ocean. Different assumptions for surface reflectance are applied over ocean and land. Surface reflectance over the ocean varies with geometry and wind speed, while surface reflectance over land is obtained from the 1–3 % darkest pixels in a 6 km × 6 km area during 30 days. In the East China Sea and Yellow Sea, significant area is covered persistently by turbid waters, for which the land algorithm is used for aerosol retrieval. To detect turbid water pixels, TOA reflectance difference at 660 nm is used. GOCI YAER products are validated using other aerosol products from AERONET and the MODIS Collection 6 aerosol data from "Dark Target (DT)" and "Deep Blue (DB)" algorithms during the DRAGON-NE Asia 2012 campaign from March to May 2012. Comparison of AOD from GOCI and AERONET gives a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.885 and a linear regression equation with GOCI AOD =1.086 × AERONET AOD – 0.041. GOCI and MODIS AODs are more highly correlated over ocean than land. Over land, especially, GOCI AOD shows better agreement with MODIS DB than MODIS DT because of the choice of surface reflectance assumptions. Other GOCI YAER products show lower correlation with AERONET than AOD, but are still qualitatively useful.
Convective, intrusive geothermal plays: what about tectonics?
Authors: Santilano A. , Manzella A. , Gianelli G. , Donato A. , Gola G. , Nardini I. , Trumpy E. , Botteghi S.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. We revised the concept of convective, intrusive geothermal plays, considering that the tectonic setting is not, in our opinion, a discriminant parameter suitable for a classification. We analysed and compared four case studies: (i) Larderello (Italy), (ii) Mt Amiata (Italy), (iii) The Geysers (USA) and (iv) Kizildere (Turkey). The tectonic settings of these geothermal systems are different and a matter of debate, so it is hard to use this parameter, and the results of classification are ambiguous. We suggest a classification based on the age and nature of the heat source and the related hydrothermal circulation. Finally we propose to distinguish the convective geothermal plays as volcanic, young intrusive and amagmatic.
Identification of traffic accident risk-prone areas under low-light conditions
Authors: Ivan K. , Haidu I. , Benedek J. , Ciobanu S. M.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Besides other non-behavioural factors, low-light conditions significantly influence the frequency of traffic accidents in an urban environment. This paper intends to identify the impact of low-light conditions on traffic accidents in the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The dependence degree between light and the number of traffic accidents was analysed using the Pearson correlation, and the relation between the spatial distribution of traffic accidents and the light conditions was determined by the frequency ratio model. The vulnerable areas within the city were identified based on the calculation of the injury rate for the 0.5 km2 areas uniformly distributed within the study area. The results show a strong linear correlation between the low-light conditions and the number of traffic accidents in terms of three seasonal variations and a high probability of traffic accident occurrence under the above-mentioned conditions at the city entrances/exits, which represent vulnerable areas within the study area. Knowing the linear dependence and the spatial relation between the low light and the number of traffic accidents, as well as the consequences induced by their occurrence, enabled us to identify the areas of high traffic accident risk in Cluj-Napoca.
Deconstructing the ‘Aporias’ of Employee Codes of Conduct: The Zimbabwean Experience.
Authors: Maunganidze Langtone
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Employee codes of conduct have remained one of the most favoured templates for governing employee discipline and sustaining an ethical organizational culture in most contemporary establishments. However the numerous challenges and contradictions that confront both the construction and administration of the instrument have recently attracted a heightened interest from both scholars and industrial relations practitioners. Based on the findings from five selected Zimbabwean public sector firms, this paper mounts a critique of codes of conduct through the foil of postmodern deconstructionism and advances that there are aporias; that is, tensions and irresolvable contradictions between the logic and rhetoric of codes of conduct and their practice. The paper further argues that the codes are in a predicament rendering them to be at best only partially accurate and at worst misleading descriptions of the real organizational culture. The aporetic nature of codes of conduct as experienced by the variability and contradictions in their application creates possibilities of uncertainty and limitations in the management of employee discipline.

Keywords: aporia, code, deconstruction, discipline, ethics, postmodern

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Impact of Verbal Praise on Teachers Motivation: Implications for Coping with 21st Century Challenges
Authors: Okereke Chinwe , Ugwuegbulam Charles N.
Published: September 2015

This work investigated the impact of verbal praise on teachers’ motivation. The study was conducted with 612 teachers in six public primary school in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Teachers from the schools were assigned into treatment and control groups respectively. On the day of their experiment a Personal Orientation Questionnaire (POQ) was given to teachers as  pretest. Teachers were asked to take up four topics in primary science which lasted for four weeks. At the end of each lesson, teachers in the experimental group were encouraged verbally by the head of their schools and the research assistants but those in control group were not encouraged. At the end, Actualization Motivation Questionnaire, (AMQ) was given to the teachers as post-test. The data collected were analyzed with mean scores, standard deviation and ANCOVA. It was found that verbal praise promoted teachers actualization and motivation more than those non-verbal praise. Again,verbal praise enhanced female teachers performance higher than the male teachers. Recommendations were made based on the findings that school heads and government should accompany teachers’ school performance with public verbal praise.
Prediction of pedal cyclists and pedestrian fatalities from total monthly accidents and registered private car numbers
Authors: Ghasemlou Kiarash , Aydin Metin Mutlu , Sinan Yıldırım Mehmet
Published: September 2015

Accident prevention is relatively a complex issue considering the effectiveness of the injury prevention technologies as well as more detailed assessment of the complex interactions between the road condition, vehicle and human factor. For many years, highway agencies and vehicle manufacturers showed great efforts to reduce the injuries resulting from the vehicle crashes. Many researchers used a broad range of methods to evaluate the impact of several factors on traffic accidents and injuries. Recent developments lead up to capable for determining the effects of these factors. According to World Health Organization (WHO), cyclists and pedestrians comprise respectively 1.6% and 16.3% in traffic crash fatalities in 2013. Also in Turkey crash fatalities for pedestrian and cyclists are respectively 20.6% and 3% according to Turkish Statistical Instıtute data in 2013. The relationship between cycling and pedestrian rates and injury rates over time is also unknown. This paper aims to predict the crash severity with the traffic injury data of the Konya City in Turkey by implementing the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Regression Trees (RT) and Multiple Linear Regression modelling (MLRM) method.
The concept of genetic programming in organizing internal transport processes
Authors: Lewczuk Konrad
Published: September 2015

The paper presents proposition of using genetic algorithm to support organization of internal transport processes in logistics facilities. The organization of internal transport can be done through solving optimization task of scheduling internal transport process with allocation of human resources and equipment to the tasks. Internal transport process was defined and discussed as an object of organization. Precise methods of solving proposed optimization task were unable to give useful solutions according to the computational complexity of the problem, so heuristic genetic algorithm was proposed. The possible structures of chromosome representing feasible solutions, methods of generating initial population, base genetic operators: selection and inheritance, crossover, mutation and fixing of individuals were described. The main implementation difficulties, computational experiments and the scope of application of the algorithm were discussed.
Functional Effects of a Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Patch From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in a Rat Infarct Model
Authors: Wendel Jacqueline S. , Ye Lei , Tao Ran , Zhang Jianyi , Zhang Jianhua , Kamp Timothy J. , Tranquillo Robert T.
Published: September 2015

A tissue-engineered cardiac patch provides a method to deliver cardiomyoctes to the injured myocardium with high cell retention and large, controlled infarct coverage, enhancing the ability of cells to limit remodeling after infarction. The patch environment can also yield increased survival. In the present study, we sought to assess the efficacy of a cardiac patch made from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to engraft and limit left ventricular (LV) remodeling acutely after infarction. Cardiac patches were created from hiPSC-CMs and human pericytes (PCs) entrapped in a fibrin gel and implanted acutely onto athymic rat hearts. hiPSC-CMs not only remained viable after in vivo culture, but also increased in number by as much as twofold, consistent with colocalization of human nuclear antigen, cardiac troponin T, and Ki-67 staining. CM+PC patches led to reduced infarct sizes compared with myocardial infarction-only controls at week 4, and CM+PC patch recipient hearts exhibited greater fractional shortening over all groups at both 1 and 4 weeks after transplantation. However, a decline occurred in fractional shortening for all groups over 4 weeks, and LV thinning was not mitigated. CM+PC patches became vascularized in vivo, and microvessels were more abundant in the host myocardium border zone, suggesting a paracrine mechanism for the improved cardiac function. PCs in a PC-only control patch did not survive 4 weeks in vivo. Our results indicate that cardiac patches containing hiPSC-CMs engraft onto acute infarcts, and the hiPSC-CMs survive, proliferate, and contribute to a reduction in infarct size and improvements in cardiac function.

Significance

In the present study, a cardiac patch was created from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and human pericytes entrapped in a fibrin gel, and it was transplanted onto infarcted rat myocardium. It was found that a patch that contained both cardiomyocytes and pericytes survived transplantation and resulted in improved cardiac function and a reduced infarct size compared with controls.
Abundant toxin-related genes in the genomes of beneficial symbionts from deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussels
Authors: Sayavedra Lizbeth , Kleiner Manuel , Ponnudurai Ruby , Wetzel Silke , Pelletier Eric , Barbe Valerie , Satoh Nori , Shoguchi Eiichi , Fink Dennis , Breusing Corinna , Reusch Thorsten BH , Rosenstiel Philip , Schilhabel Markus B , Becher Dörte , Schweder Thomas , Markert Stephanie , Dubilier Nicole , Petersen Jillian M
Published: September 2015

Bathymodiolus mussels live in symbiosis with intracellular sulfur-oxidizing (SOX) bacteria that provide them with nutrition. We sequenced the SOX symbiont genomes from two Bathymodiolus species. Comparison of these symbiont genomes with those of their closest relatives revealed that the symbionts have undergone genome rearrangements, and up to 35% of their genes may have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Many of the genes specific to the symbionts were homologs of virulence genes. We discovered an abundant and diverse array of genes similar to insecticidal toxins of nematode and aphid symbionts, and toxins of pathogens such as Yersinia and Vibrio. Transcriptomics and proteomics revealed that the SOX symbionts express the toxin-related genes (TRGs) in their hosts. We hypothesize that the symbionts use these TRGs in beneficial interactions with their host, including protection against parasites. This would explain why a mutualistic symbiont would contain such a remarkable ‘arsenal’ of TRGs.
La Percepción Subjetiva de los Objetos Sociales: Una Investigación Exploratoria Basada en la Importancia de las Opiniones de Grupos de Referencia
Authors: Wachelke Joao , Natividade Jean , Wolter Rafael
Published: September 2015

El objetivo del estudio fue explorar la organización de la percepción de objetos sociales vinculados a temas de la vida cotidiana y su relación con la importancia atribuida a estos por parte de distintos grupos sociales. Participaron 315 universitarios de una muestra de conveniencia de 3 universidades brasileñas de Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina e Rondônia, quienes completaron un cuestionario por Internet, en el que debieron evaluar la importancia otorgada por 7 grupos sociales (e.g., familia, compañeros de universidad) a 9 objetos sociales (e.g., trabajo, matrimonio). Se realizó un análisis de escalamiento multidimensional no métrico, basado en distancias euclidianas calculadas a partir de las puntuaciones medias vinculadas a cada mapa objeto. El mapa perceptual obtenido permitió identificar 2 dimensiones: una que contiene objetos de tipo profesional y afectivo y otra que incluye temas relacionados con el futuro. Se discute la pertinencia de la inclusión de algunos de los grupos de referencia estudiados en las investigaciones de las representaciones sociales y las limitaciones del estudio.