bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of COX-2 Inhibitors Selectivity on Lipid Profile in Hyperlipidemic and Normolipidemic Type 2 Diabetics
Authors: K. Fakree Najwan , H. Ali Shatha
Published: March 2022

Development of NSAIDS based on inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity. However, the different physiological consequences arrised by appearance of new drugs with different selectivity to COX-2 enzyme upon their administration with their relevant affects on some cardiovascular risk factors. To study the potential effects of relatively  diclofenac and highly specific  celecoxib COX-2 inhibitors on lipid profile and serum C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetes, whom have hyperlipidemia to be compared by their effects with normolipidemic patients. A total number of 34 type 2 diabetics (14 normolipidemics and 20 hyperlipidemics) treated with either diclofenac 100mg/day or celecoxib 200mg/day for eight weeks. Analysis  of results indicated that diclofenac increased serum triglycerides (TG) whereas; celecoxib group exerted a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) levels in hyperlipidemic patients. Normolipidemic diabetics showed a significant elevation in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) with significant reduction in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) in those treated with diclofenac , whilst those treated with celecoxib exhibited no modification of serum lipids. The results of the present study indicated that the net effect of treatment of hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetics by diclofenac was mostly qualitative as indicated by elevated TG/HDL ratio, to be a marker of atherogenic- small dense LDL particles in diabetics, whereas celecoxib exerted no such effect in this group but produced a beneficial reduction in LDL/HDL ratio. Meanwhile, diclofenac in  normolipidemic diabetics exert a significant qualitative and quantitative modulation of their serum lipid components presented by net elevation in both LDL/HDL and TG/HDL ratios.  As a conclusion the administration of relatively selective COX-2 inhibitors ( diclofenac ) to normolipidemic type 2 diabetics could adversely affect lipid metabolism by producing undesirable qualitative as well as , quantitative changes in serum lipid components, more than that observed in the hyperlipidemic diabetics.

 Key Words: Diabetes, lipid profile, cox-2 selectivity
Publishing, books and reading: Spaces of authorship, visibility, and socialisation
Authors: Cordón-García José-Antonio , Muñoz-Rico María
Published: March 2022

Over the course of history, the book and its environment have been in permanent transformation, undergoing changes that have affected its format, textual arrangement, form of reading, and production and distribution systems, as well as its social consideration as an instrument for the transmission of knowledge. One of the greatest changes has taken place in the 21st century with the emergence of digital formats throughout the publishing value chain. If in previous eras the transformations had affected one or other of the mentioned elements, the digital revolution has impacted on all of them simultaneously, as it has modified the ways in which works are created, produced, distributed, and consumed. Also, it has introduced for the first time an element of intermediation between the reader and reading: the device, which, in its different varieties, implies an element of additional complexity. At the present time, and after almost two decades, we can see the advances and setbacks that have occurred on this journey; the achievements and shortcomings from the publishing point of view, in which a strengthening of the big companies can be appreciated; and the emergence of a system of self-publishing that represents a rupture with traditional systems. From the point of view of authorship, the value of the brand, of charisma and prestige, has been emphasised, while a movement of creation is taking place on the fringes of the system that renounces posterity and recognition in favour of visibility. This approach to authorship is also subject to the influx and influence of social networks with their positive effects, in the form of projection, and negative ones, in the form of new ways of censure. Finally, in terms of reading, there is an ambivalent route that runs between the paths of a very strong tradition, linked to the printed book, and digital reading, established from the point of view of practices, but in its more conservative and imitative side with respect to analogue formats; in the digital sphere, new proposals and more innovative initiatives which are attracting the attention of growing but still minority sectors of society are emerging. The digital environment is progressing and consolidating, but it has not yet taken advantage of all the potential that technological advances could provide.
Non-contact Ultrasound Method of Thread Tension Determination for Light Industry Machinery
Authors: Zdorenko V.G. , Kucheruk V.Yu. , Barilko S.V. , Lisovets S.N.
Published: March 2022

It has been established that with the help of a pulsed ultrasonic signal of complex shape, it is possible to determine the tension of a filament with a high linear density in a special waveguide with a rectangular crosssection. It has been proved that the amplitude ratios of ultrasonic waves that interact with different textile filaments are influenced by their linear density, the angle between the passage direction of part of the waves enveloping the fibers in the middle and the surface of these fibers, as well as the angle between the direction of wave propagation enveloping the thread itself from the outside, and the surface of the whole material. It should be noted that the corresponding bypass angles of the ultrasonic waves of the textile depend on the material porosity, frequency of the ultrasonic waves, and their power. To enable non-contact control of the change in the tension of the thread branch, it is advisable to use a pulsed ultrasonic signal with two different peaks of the waves, amplitudes, which are adjusted to the linear density of the thread and its conditional radius. Additionally, the use of this method will provide operational technological control in the production of textile fabrics.
Development of the algorithm for calculating the optimal molding modes of the BeO slurry using various rheological models
Authors: Sattinova Z.K. , Bekenov T.N. , Assilbekov B.K. , Ramazanova G.I. , Dyusenov K.M.
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the results of calculating a mathematical model of the flow and heat transfer of thermoplastic beryllium oxide in a round channel of a molding installation. An algorithm for calculating the system of equations based on the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model has been developed. The finite-difference analogue of the equations system of motion, continuity, and energy is solved numerically using the CrankNicholson difference scheme. The three-parameter equation is used to test the consistency of experimental, data, and how adequately the physical features of the non-isothermal flow of the slurry convey comparing to the Shvedov-Bingham model. The calculation results illustrate that the proposed model reflects the most important features of the thixotropic flow character of the slurry and is in better agreement with the experimental data of viscoplastic fluids. It provides the calculations of speed of viscous-plastic flow of the slurry based on Shvedov-Bingham and Herschel Bulkley’s two rheological models considering the peculiarities of coagulation structure formation and flow mechanism with boundary conditions. As a result of calculations, the fields of velocity, temperature, and density were obtained, which describe the regularities of the flow and heat transfer of a thermoplastic slurry. The change in the Nusselt criterion along the length of the shaping cavity is shown, which coincides with the analytical solution of Nusselt under first kind boundary conditions. The optimal conditions for the process of ceramics molding by hot casting method have been found, allowing to obtain a hardened product with a homogeneous structure of beryllium ceramics at the outlet.
Hemorrhagic Shock Caused by Mesenteric Injury - Ski Pediatric Blunt Abdominal Trauma case report
Authors: Karavdić K , Firdus A , Kapetanović-Zametica L , Anić D , Kulenović-Spahović N , Begić N. , Begić S.
Published: March 2022

Trauma is the leading cause of pediatric mortality and abdominal injury is a significant contributor to morbidity. Abdominal trauma in the population of injured children, is the third leading cause of death in this population, after head and thoracic injuries. It is the most common cause of death owing to unrecognized injury. They most often occur in traffic accidents, games and sports. The clinical presentation depends on the severity of the injury, the injured organ and the associated injuries. Mesenteric injury from blunt abdominal trauma is uncommon and can be difficult to diagnose. It is known that seatbelt trauma from motor vehicle accidents is the most common mechanism of mesenteric injury and that the mesentery of the small bowel is injured more frequently than that of the colon. We present an unusual case, a seven-year-old boy who was injured while skiing. The patient was in a state of hemorrhagic shock and underwent emergency surgery after an urgent diagnosis. During the operation, the leading trauma and the reason for the hemorrhagic shock were found to be a mesenteric injury, and bleeding from the branches of the superior mesenteric artery. Early transport, monitoring and diagnostics significantly contribute to reducing morbidity and mortality. The standard in surgery is non-operative treatment of injured parenchymal organs. A multidisciplinary approach that includes doctors of various specialties (pediatric surgeons, pediatricians, neurosurgeons, anesthesiologists and radiologists) who contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of injured children through diagnostic and therapeutic procedures has a key role. At the end, the decision regarding surgical treatment is responsibility of pediatric surgeon.
Proposing an Entirely Pennsylvanian Age for the Fountain Formation through New Lithostratigraphic Correlation along the Front Range
Authors: Sweet Dustin E. , Carsrud Corbin R. , Watters Aaron J.
Published: March 2022

The Fountain Formation is an important unit recording ancestral Rocky Mountain tectonics and paleogeography along the Front Range urban corridor. The age of the formation constrains timing of uplift of the ancestral Front Range and Ute Pass uplift and subsidence of adjacent basins. Yet, age models for the Fountain Formation are crude and varied. Specifically, available biostratigraphic data suggest an entirely Pennsylvanian age for the Fountain Formation, however historical lithostratigraphic assignment of the Lyons Formation atop the Fountain Formation south of Lyons, Colorado allows for a significant early Permian component of deposition. New stratigraphic and sedimentologic data recorded from the Ingleside Formation and the Lower Permian unit at Manitou Springs, Colorado demonstrate: 1) a conformable contact between the upper Fountain Formation and Lower Permian strata at both localities and 2) close grain size and framework mineralogy comparisons at both localities. These data suggest that the Lower Permian at Manitou Springs, Colorado best correlates to the Ingleside Formation, rather than the previously mapped Lyons Formation. This newly proposed lithostratigraphic correlation aligns with the available biostratigraphic data that the Fountain Formation is a Pennsylvanian unit with little to no Lower Permian component. An entirely Pennsylvanian age for the Fountain Formation indicates that active uplift of the ancestral Front Range and delivery of first-cycle arkose had ceased by the latest Pennsylvanian.
ENTERPRISE OF UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES
Authors: Kozlovskyi Volodymyr
Published: March 2022

The paper analyzes the trends of entrepreneurship in Ukraine during 2010-2020. Qualitative indicators are given to calculate the level of entrepreneurship development, in particular the value of gross domestic product, dynamics of change and indices of physical volume of gross domestic product, value of gross domestic product per capita, dynamics of change and indices of physical volume of gross domestic product per capita people. It is concluded that the current state and trends of entrepreneurship in Ukraine do not meet the potential of the state, do not ensure the proper level of well-being of society as a whole and each member of society. One of the reasons for this situation is the constant falling of domestic entrepreneurs into the so-called institutional traps. It is concluded that the institutional transformations that took place in Ukraine during all the years of independence failed to take into account the complexity of Ukraine's transition to a market path of development and therefore led to a large number of institutional traps that hinder entrepreneurship. In particular, such institutional traps as the dependence of Ukraine's economic development on the country's previous development trajectory have been identified and carefully analyzed; imperfection of the created legal system; the absence in many cases of an "effective" owner who could competently conduct economic activities, bring the state significant income in terms of taxes, etc .; the presence in Ukraine of a huge transactional sector of the economy; the country's legislature and executive ignored much of the advice of institutionalists, who believed that economic reforms could not weaken social role of the state, it is impossible to carry out incompatible measures at the same time, and it is possible to copy foreign experience of carrying out reforms only when these countries are at approximately the same level of development with our country. It is concluded that in order to prevent domestic entrepreneurship from falling into institutional traps, the state needs to plan from the very beginning the gradual dismantling of an outdated institution (system of rules of conduct or so-called "game" rules) and its replacement with a new one that would meet new, market business conditions.
Microsurgical anatomy and the importance of the petrosal process of the sphenoid bone in endonasal surgery
Authors: Doniz-Gonzalez Ayoze , Vigo Vera , Nunez Maximiliano Alberto , Xu Yuanzhi , Mohyeldin Ahmed , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

The petrosal process of the sphenoid bone (PPsb) is a relevant skull base osseous prominence present bilaterally that can be used as a key surgical landmark, especially for identifying the abducens nerve. The authors investigated the surgical anatomy of the PPsb, its relationship with adjacent neurovascular structures, and its practical application in endoscopic endonasal surgery.

METHODS

Twenty-one dried skulls were used to analyze the osseous anatomy of the PPsb. A total of 16 fixed silicone-injected postmortem heads were used to expose the PPsb through both endonasal and transcranial approaches. Dimensions and distances of the PPsb from the foramen lacerum (inferiorly) and top of the posterior clinoid process (PCP; superiorly) were measured. Moreover, anatomical variations and the relationship of the PPsb with the surrounding crucial structures were recorded. Three representative cases were selected to illustrate the clinical applications of the findings.

RESULTS

The PPsb presented as a triangular bony prominence, with its base medially adjacent to the dorsum sellae and its apex pointing posterolaterally toward the petrous apex. The mean width of the PPsb was 3.5 ± 1 mm, and the mean distances from the PPsb to the foramen lacerum and the PCP were 5 ± 1 and 11 ± 2.5 mm, respectively. The PPsb is anterior to the petroclival venous confluence, superomedial to the inferior petrosal sinus, and inferomedial to the superior petrosal sinus; constitutes the inferomedial limit of the cavernous sinus; and delimits the upper limit of the paraclival internal carotid artery (ICA) before the artery enters the cavernous sinus. The PPsb is anterior and medial to and below the sixth cranial nerve, forming the floor of Dorello’s canal. During surgery, gentle mobilization of the paraclival ICA reveals the petrosal process, serving as an accurate landmark for the location of the abducens nerve.

CONCLUSIONS

This investigation revealed details of the microsurgical anatomy of the PPsb, its anatomical relationships, and its application as a surgical landmark for identifying the abducens nerve. This novel landmark may help in minimizing the risk of abducens nerve injury during transclival approaches, which extend laterally toward the petrous apex and cavernous sinus region.
Genomic approaches to improve the clinical diagnosis and management of patients with congenital hydrocephalus
Authors: Allington Garrett , Duy Phan Q. , Ryou Jian , Singh Amrita , Kiziltug Emre , Robert Stephanie M. , Kundishora Adam J. , King Spencer , Haider Shozeb , Kahle Kristopher T. , Jin Sheng Chih
Published: March 2022

Congenital hydrocephalus (CH), characterized by incomplete clearance of CSF and subsequent enlargement of brain ventricles, is the most common congenital brain disorder. The lack of curative strategies for CH reflects a poor understanding of the underlying pathogenesis. Herein, the authors present an overview of recent findings in the pathogenesis of CH from human genetic studies and discuss the implications of these findings for treatment of CH. Findings from these omics data have the potential to reclassify CH according to a molecular nomenclature that may increase precision for genetic counseling, outcome prognostication, and treatment stratification. Beyond the immediate patient benefits, genomic data may also inform future clinical trials and catalyze the development of nonsurgical, molecularly targeted therapies. Therefore, the authors advocate for further application of genomic sequencing in clinical practice by the neurosurgical community as a diagnostic adjunct in the evaluation and management of patients diagnosed with CH.
Seventy-five years of neurosurgery residency training at The Mount Sinai Hospital
Authors: Carr Matthew T. , Zimering Jeffrey H. , Beroza Jillian M. , Melillo Alyssa , Kellner Christopher P. , Mocco J , Post Kalmon D. , Bederson Joshua B. , Shrivastava Raj K.
Published: March 2022

The Department of Neurosurgery’s residency program at The Mount Sinai Hospital was founded in 1946. The department has its origins in 1914 as a division of general surgery, with Charles Elsberg at the helm. Neurosurgery then became a separate department in 1932 under the leadership of Ira Cohen. Dr. Cohen oversaw the creation of the neurosurgery residency training program 75 years ago. Since its inception, the residency program has graduated 120 residents. For more than 100 years, The Mount Sinai Hospital has been a site of clinical excellence, groundbreaking research, and technological innovation in neurosurgery. Currently, the Department of Neurosurgery has 39 clinical faculty members, performs more than 5300 surgeries and endovascular procedures annually, and is in the top 25 neurosurgical departments for NIH funding.
Granular clinical history and outcome in 51 patients with primary and secondary malignant meningioma
Authors: Maier Andrea D. , Mirian Christian , Haslund-Vinding Jeppe , Bartek Jiri , Guldager Rikke , Møller Søren , Munch Tina N. , Fugleholm Kåre , Poulsgaard Lars , Skjøth-Rasmussen Jane , Ziebell Morten , Eriksson Lars E. , Scheie David , Poulsen Frantz R. , Mathiesen Tiit
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

WHO grade III meningiomas, also known as malignant meningiomas (MMs), are rare, and the heterogenous clinical course in patients with MM is not well described. To characterize the clinical course of patients with MM, granular clinical data were gathered from 51 patients treated at the Department of Neurosurgery and Radiation Oncology, Rigshospitalet, in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 2000 and 2020.

METHODS

The authors investigated outcome and timing in terms of 1) tumor progression and grade transformation in patients previously diagnosed with WHO grade I or II meningiomas (patients with a secondary MM [sMM]); 2) performance status and complications following surgery; and 3) transition to noncurative treatment and ultimately death. Complications, time between recurrences, and outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score) for every surgery were analyzed, both malignant and premalignant.

RESULTS

Of the 51 patients, 24 (47%) had an sMM. The time to WHO grade III transformation in the sMM group varied widely (median 5.5 years, range 0.5–22 years), but after transformation to a WHO grade III tumor, patients with an sMM and those with a primary MM (pMM) did not differ significantly in overall survival and cumulative risk of progression. Median overall survival for all 51 patients was 4.2 years (95% CI 2.6–7.2 years). Time from the decision to shift from curative to noncurative treatment until death was 3.8 months and the 30-day mortality rate following surgery was 11.8%. From a cumulative number of 151 surgeries, 10 surgeries were followed by improvement on the mRS, mRS score was unchanged in 70, and it worsened in 71. The MM was the underlying cause of death in 30 of 31 patients who had died at the end of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

Together, these findings clearly show a significant morbidity and mortality from the disease itself and from the treatment. These findings warrant studies of prognostic factors for earlier support and adjuvant measures in MM and identify a need for better palliative strategies in this patient group.
Apuntes para la historia del libro en la Nueva Galicia: La introducción de las ediciones europeas en el Nuevo Mundo
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelli Sanchez Jessica
Published: March 2022

Los apuntes de la presente investigación analizan el escenario histórico, burocrático y legal del traslado de libros entre el viejo y el nuevo continente, en los albores del siglo XVI. Anterior al establecimiento de las primeras imprentas en Nueva España y Nueva Galicia, los impresos europeos comenzaron a llenar los estantes de las fundaciones religiosas. A través de las dinámicas en la logística de los envíos y los inventarios bibliográficos de los religiosos se pueden delinear las ideas y los discursos de los libros que ingresaron al territorio. En la actualidad, estos impresos conforman uno de los mayores tesoros del patrimonio bibliográfico de los jaliscienses.
El mapa de Cuzalapa, Jalisco, un primer acercamiento territorial
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Pomedio Chloé , Lefebvre Karine ,   Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Pasco Saldaña Gilda ,   Escuela de Conservación y Restauración de Occidente, Gutiérrez Cruz Daniela ,   Escuela de Conservación y Restauración de Occidente
Published: March 2022

La pintura de Cuzalapa corresponde a un mapa pictórico que funge como título primordial de esta comunidad indígena de la Reserva de la Biosfera de la Sierra de Manantlán, en el sur de Jalisco. A través del análisis del territorio representado, se pone en evidencia la complejidad del mapa, se propone una datación tentativa de los elementos constitutivos del paisaje y se cuestiona la posibilidad de una evolución en la función del documento. Tanto las glosas, topónimos y detalles en el estilo general de la composición apuntan hacia una elaboración temprana ─posiblemente del siglo XVI─, la cual se inscribe en el contexto de conformación de la frontera entre los reinos de Nueva España y Nueva Galicia.
Los excesos en la fiesta pública en León, Guanajuato, durante los dos primeros tercios del siglo XIX
Authors:   Universidad de Guanajuato, Mercado Villalobos Alejandro
Published: March 2022

En este artículo me propongo analizar, a partir del contexto de la fiesta mexicana decimonónica, los excesos ocurridos en el marco de festejos colectivos de convocatoria pública, y a partir de ello, dilucidar la forma en que, reconociendo lo significativo que era la fiesta para la sociedad mexicana, las autoridades competentes dispusieron medidas para permitir la diversión pero con orden y seguridad, lo cual llevó a establecer reglamentos específicos sobre fiestas determinadas, sobre todo en corridas de toros, peleas de gallos y festejos de carnaval. En el trabajo se toma como eje de estudio la ciudad de León, Guanajuato, en una temporalidad que va desde la independencia de México (1821), al inicio del porfiriato (1876).
1985: los primeros trazos del proyecto de Jorge Carpizo en la UNAM
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Universidad y la Educación, UNAM, Cejudo Ramos Denisse
Published: March 2022

Este trabajo explora los trazos iniciales de la reforma de Jorge Carpizo en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México durante su primer año de gestión. A través de la revisión de la documentación institucional y la Gaceta UNAM se visibilizan las modificaciones de la estructura administrativa, las campañas de recaudación y la exposición de la política cultural, impulsadas por el rector. A partir de ello se argumenta que buscó sentar las bases para consensuar ideas compartidas sobre los problemas de la Universidad a fin de generar un escenario receptivo a sus propuestas de resolución.
الدور الوظيفي للمباني التراثية والتاريخية في مباني مدينة السلط الأردنية
Authors: Aburumman Asad H. , Al-Leheabi Saleh Muhammad Zeki Mahmood
Published: March 2022

ان الغرض الأساس من هذه الدراسة هو الكشف عن اهمية الموروث التراثي بجانبة المادي، وخاصة ما تعلق منه بالمباني التراثية القديمة وكيف تم إعادة استخداها او توظيفها في وظائف تتناسب وطبيعة هذا الموروث التاريخي، لذا ركزت الدراسة على بيان الدور الوظيفي للمباني التراثية في واحدة من اعرق المدن التاريخية وهي مدينة السلط، حيث استعرضت الدراسة العديد من النماذج الناجحة للمباني التراثية التي تم استخدامها لتأدية وظائف عديدة كان تكون متاحف او مطاعم او مقاهي وغيرها من الوظائف، وقد تعاملت الدراسة مع الزوار والمجتمع المحلي القريب من تلك المباني التراثية لتحديد رأية حول تلك الادوار الوظيفية لهذه المباني.
المنطقة الشرقية وموانئها على الخليج العربي ودورها في التنمية الحضارية
Authors: Belaswad Samira bint Mubarak bin Ali
Published: March 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى إبراز الدور التاريخي والاقتصادي والحضاري الذي من خلاله تؤثر نشأة موانئ المنطقة الواقعة في الشرقية على الخليج العربي منذ فجر التاريخ حتى العصر الحديث، ذلك من خلال تتبع حركة التجارة، وأيضا ما يرتبط بالاتصال الإنساني مع شعوب العالم القديمة حتى تاريخ المملكة العربية الحديث، حيث أن تلك الموانئ قد أثرت في حركة التاريخ الإنساني منذ كل من العصور اليونانية والرومانية والجاهلية والإسلامية خاصة أثناء الحكم العباسي، وما تبع ذلك من تأثيرها على حركة التجارة والسيطرة البحرية في العصر العثماني، وصولا إلى تأسيس المملكة في القرن العشرين، حيث حرصت الباحثة على استخدام منهجي البحث التاريخي والوصفي معا من أجل تحليل واستخلاص المعلومات والمعطيات الرئيسة، وقد توصلت الباحثة أن موانئ المنطقة الشرقية نظرا لموقعها الاستراتيجي الوسيط بين حضارات العالم القديم، وخاصة ميناء العقير القديم، وكذلك موانئ المنطقة الشرقية في العصر الحديث والتي تعد أهم روافد التنمية والتقدم الحضاري عبر تلك الأزمنة لما قامت وما زالت تقوم به من دور فاعل في ازدهار الحضارة الإنسانية ونقل المعرفة والتبادل التجاري.
الحياة الاقتصادية في بلاد الشام من خلال كتاب معجم البلدان لياقوت الحموي (ت 626هـ- 1228م)
Authors: Al-Tamimi Hussein Kadhim  Khayun
Published: March 2022

تضمن موضوع البحث الموسوم بـ(الحياة الاقتصادية في بلاد الشام من خلال كتاب معجم البلدان لياقوت الحموي (ت 626هـ- 1228م) عدة مباحث، تناول المبحث الأوّل فيه نبذة مختصرة عن حياة ياقوت الحموي ونشأته ومراحل حياته التي مرَّ بها والمهن التي عملها ورحلاته إلى الكثير من المدن والبلدان وتطور خبراته الجغرافية وشروعه بكتابة معجمه الجغرافي الكبير، موضّحاً هذه المدن والبلدان وأخبارها إلى أنَّ استقر به الحال في مدينة حلب التي توفي فيها بعد انجاز كتابه المعروف (معجم البلدان).

أمَّا المبحث الثاني الذي تضمن بلاد الشام من حيث التسمية والموقع والحدود استناداً إلى ما ذكره ياقوت الحموي معززاً بما ذكره المؤرخون عن أصل التسمية وتوضيح مفهوم بلاد الشام، وتحديد الموقع من الأقاليم السبعة التي ذكرت وبيان حدود ومساحة بلاد الشام التي أشار إليها ياقوت الحموي.

في حين تطرق المبحث الثالث إلى محور البحث الذي يتناول الحياة الاقتصادية لبلاد الشام، بما فيها الموارد المائية ومصادرها وأهميتها للأنتاج الزراعي، مبيناً أهم أنواع المحاصيل وفي المقدمة منها زراعة الحبوب المختلفة وأشجار الفواكه والبساتين المنتشرة في عموم بلاد الشام، كما تناول المبحث المقومات الصناعية وأهم الصناعات التي أشار إليها ياقوت الحموي في سياق كلامه عن مدن ومناطق بلاد الشام المختلفة، فضلاً عن التجارة التي لها أسواق رائجة في داخل بلاد الشام وخارجها، وكذلك الإشارة إلى طريق المواصلات والخانات وأهميتها في الحياة الاقتصادية التي عاصرها ياقوت الحموي وخصوصاً الطرق الداخلية تي تربط المدن الشامية مع بعضها البعض والطرق الخارجية التي تُعَدُّ حلقة وصل بين الشرق والغرب والتي تربط بلاد الشام مع البلدان الأخرى والتي أدت بالنتيجة إلى ازدهار الحياة الاقتصادية والتي انعكست إيجاباً على الحياة الاجتماعية والمالية للدولة والمجتمع.
مؤشرات التنمية الاجتماعية والتنمية الشاملة في دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة
Authors: Almulla Muna Ali , Tohami Ibrahim
Published: March 2022

أصبح مفهوم التنمية من المفاهيم التي تستحوذ على مساحة كبيرة في أذهان الباحثين والدارسين في الوقت الراهن، ويأتي هذا الاهتمام تجسيداً للتركيز الكبير من قبل الحكومات فيما يتعلق بتحقيق جوانب التنمية الشاملة (اجتماعية- اقتصادية- سياسية وما إلى ذلك)، هذا بالإضافة إلى إيجاد مؤشرات عالمية متفق عليها لقياس مدى تحقيق الأهداف المرجوة من التنمية، ودراسة ما يترتب عليها من آثار ونتائج.
أثر النوع في إدراك الأطفال لحقوقهم وواجباتهم في مجتمع الامارات
Authors: Alteneiji Noura Mohamed , Alomosh Ahmad Falah
Published: March 2022

تسعى هذه الدراسة على التعرف على أثر النوع في إدراك الأطفال لحقوقهم وواجباتهم في مجتمع الامارات، وذلك عن الطريق مدى الوعي لحقوقهم والمتمثلة في مجالات التالية وهي: حق التعليم وحق الحماية وحق الصحة، وحق الطفل بشكل عام.

وقد تم تصميم استبانة موجة للأطفال في مدارس إمارة الشارقة والذين تتراوح أعمارهم من 12-18 سنة وتم تطبيقها على طلبة والعدد الكلي 270 (80 طالب و190 طالبة) من خلال استخدام طريقة العينة غير الاحتمالية (الغرضية).

وكشفت نتائج الدراسة أثر النوع في مدى معرفة الأطفال من الجنسين لحقوقهم وواجباتهم في حق التعليم، وحق الحماية، وحق الصحة، وحق الطفل بشكل عام، لوجود هناك دلالات إحصائية لكل حق وأن الذكور لهم النصيب الأكبر عن الإناث في معرفة حقوقهم.
مفهوم الحرية في اللاهوت المسيحي والاسلامي
Authors: Ali Ali Falih
Published: March 2022

من أهم المفاهيم الاساسية التي ارتبطت بالانسان هو مفهوم الحرية، لا سيما في الفلسفة المعاصرة، حيث قامت مدارس مشهورة في القرن العشرين بتأسيس ابجدياتها على هذا المفهوم، كالفلسفة الوجودية، ناهيك عن المعالجات الاخرى التي طرحتها باقي المذاهب والشخصيات الفلسفية، وعلى الرغم من تبلور هذا المفهوم بصورة واضحة في الوقت الحاضر، الا انه لم يصل الى ماهو عليه الان دون أن يمر بمنعطفات ورؤى تبنتها العديد من المجالات الفلسفية السابقة، ولا يُستثنى من ذلك المجال الديني، اذ لم تخلو الاديان المتمثلة بنصوصها المقدسة وبرؤى رجالاتها، من معالجة موضوع الحرية، وبطبيعة الحال لم يغب هذا الامر عن الدينين المسيحي والاسلامي، وهو ما سنبحثه في ثنايا بحثنا هذا الموسوم بمفهوم الحرية في اللاهوت المسيحي والإسلامي.
المشكلات الاجتماعية للمتقاعدين العسكريين في إمارة دبي
Authors: Altamimi Noora Ahmed , Al-Madani Khalil
Published: March 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أهم المشكلات الاجتماعية التي يعاني منها المتقاعدون العسكريون في  إمارة دبي، وذلك من خلال تحديد أهم المشكلات الإجتماعية للمتقاعدين العسكرين من عينة البحث، وقد حاولت الدراسة الإجابة على التساؤلات التالية:1- أهم المشكلات المتعلقة بالجانب الاجتماعي لدى المتقاعدين العسكريين  في إمارة دبي ، 2- أهم المشكلات المتعلقة بالجانب الاقتصادي لدى المتقاعدين العسكريين في إمارة دبي، 3-أهم المشكلات المتعلقة بالجانب الصحي لدى المتقاعدين العسكريين  في إمارة دبي،4-نظرة المتقاعد العسكري في إمارة دبي نحو إمكانية الإفادة من خبراته العلمية والعملية بعد التقاعد.ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف تم تطبيق منهج المسح الاجتماعي، من خلال الاستبيان الذي طبق على عينة غرضية تكونت من (151) مبحوثا من المتقاعدين العسكريين في إمارة دبي ، بالاضافة للمقابلات المعمقة مع 10 متقاعدين عسكرين من إمارة دبي.

وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن غالبية أفراد العينة من الذكور الذين لم يتجاوزا الخمسين عاما، ولم يتعدوا المرحلة الثانوية في تعليمهم، وأسباب التقاعد جاءت مرتبة كالتالي: بلوغ مرحلة التقاعد، ثم الأسباب الصحية، ثم التقاعد المبكر برغبة شخصية. كما كشفت نتائج الدراسة بأن المتقاعدين العسكريين في إمارة دبي يعانون من مشكلات متعددة منها :أولاً المشكلات الاجتماعية: الخلافات الأسرية ازدادت بعد التقاعد، وزيادة وقت الفراغ المبحوث بعد التقاعد، وعدم التحاقه بعضوية ناد رياضي أو اجتماعي. ثانياً المشكلات الاقتصادية والمتمثلة في :عدم كفاية راتب التقاعد لقضاء حاجة المتقاعد وحاجة أسرته الضرورية، وأن ابناؤهم العاملون لا يساهمون في الإنفاق على الأسرة، وانهم اضطروا إلى الاستدانة من البنك بعد التقاعد، ثالثاً المشكلات الصحية والمتمثلة في: حالتهم الصحية ازدادت سوءا بعد التقاعد، والمعاناة من مرض مزمن.
خصائص الأداء الجماعي في عروض مسرح الطفل
Authors: Hassan Wissam Hamid
Published: March 2022

مسرح الطفل هو مسرح يخدم الطفولة سواء اقام به الكبار ام الصغار ما دام الهدف هو امتاع الطفل والترفيه عنه واثارة معارفه ووجدانه وحسه وحركته، أو يقصد به تشخيص الطفل لأدوار تمثيليه ولعبيه ومواقف درامية للتواصل مع الكبار أو الصغار. لقد كانت المجاميع المسرحية موظفه بخدمة الصور التكوينية للمشهد المسرحي فقد كانت الوظيفة المعطاة للمجاميع ترتقي بالعرض المسرحي من حيث بناء الاحداث لتصل الى الذروة ولم تكن مشاهد المجاميع في العروض المسرحية الحديثة وحسب بل امتدت جذورها الى المسرحية اليونانية القديمة اذ كانت المجاميع تشكل محورا اساسيا في بناء المسرحية.
Anti-allergic activity of an ethanol extract of bunching onion (Allium fistulosum), a traditional vegetable from Osaka
Authors: Jippo Tomoko , Kobayashi Yuko , Kitada Kousuke , Koji Kitsuda
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The incidences of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and food allergies are rising in developed countries. Mast cells play critical roles in various biologic processes related to allergic diseases, including expressing the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin (Ig) E on their surface. The interaction of multivalent antigens with surface-bound IgE causes the secretion of granule-stored mediators, as well as the de novo synthesis of cytokines. These mediators and cytokines precede the development of allergic diseases. In Osaka Prefecture, Japan, certain locally cultivated crops have received ‘Naniwa-yasai’, a designation that certifies the significance of traditional vegetables in supporting Osaka’s agriculture and cuisine for over a century. In this study, we investigated the anti-allergic effects of four traditional vegetables from Osaka.Results: The anti-allergic activity of extracts made from Tanabe radish, Moriguchi radish, bunching onion (Allium fistulosum), and mizu eggplant were examined. Various concentrations of each extract were added to RBL-2H3 mast cells prior to stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187. β-hexosaminidase release was markedly and dose dependently decreased in mast cells following the addition of A. fistulosum, demonstrating its anti-allergic activity. None of the other vegetables had an anti-allergic effect on RBL-2H3 cells.Conclusion: An Osakan traditional vegetable, bunching onion (Allium fistulosum), exhibited anti-allergic activity, and should be explored further as a possible treatment for allergic diseases.Keywords: mast cell, anti-allergy, traditional vegetables, bunching onion (Allium fistulosum)
Strategisches Framing bei Björn Höcke – wie ein rechtsextremer Politiker den Rahmen sprengt
Authors: Tottmann Berit
Published: March 2022

Björn Höcke gilt als Kopf der radikalrechten Strömung innerhalb der Alternative für Deutschland und steht als Hardliner seiner Partei in engem Kontakt zur neurechten Szene. In der politmedialen Öffentlichkeit Deutschlands ist er mit provokanten Äußerungen aufgefallen, die nach einer adäquaten Analysemethode verlangen, die nicht nur den offenkundigen Inhalt thematisiert, sondern auch politische Narrative sowie Denk- und Argumentationsmuster freilegt. Der Beitrag wirbt daher für einen innovativen interdisziplinären Zugang und entwickelt eine diskursanalytische Perspektive auf das strategische Framing Björn Höckes. Die Untersuchung befasst sich mit seinem im Jahr 2018 erschienenen autobiografischen Werk Nie zweimal in denselben Fluss sowie einigen politischen Reden und orientiert sich nah an der Gegenwart und den politischen Perspektiven der zeitgenössischen Neuen Rechten. So kann dieser interdisziplinäre Zugang aus Frame- und Diskursanalyse die sprachlichen Muster in Höckes fremdenfeindlichen, rechtsextremen und sozialdarwinistischen Perspektivierungen substanziell aufschlüsseln, sie sowohl im sprachlichen, politischen und historischen Kontext ihres Werdens markieren und damit ein mehrdimensionales diskursives Feld des gegenwärtigen Rechtsextremismus sichtbar machen.
„Gender-Ideologie“ und „Klimahysterie“. Der Natur-Geschlechter-Nexus im rechten und extrem rechten Denken
Authors: Veit Konstantin
Published: March 2022

Im vorliegenden Artikel wird der Zusammenhang zwischen rechtem Antifeminismus und rechten Positionen zu Umwelt- und Klimapolitik untersucht. Dazu wird erstens der Forschungsstand zu (extrem) rechten Positionen in der Klima- und Umweltpolitik sowie der Geschlechterpolitik skizziert. Zweitens wird das Verhältnis der zugrunde liegenden Geschlechts- und Naturkonstruktionen im rechten Denken herausgearbeitet und anhand der feministischen Umweltforschung für ihre wechselseitige Bedingtheit argumentiert. Drittens wird das beschriebene Naturverständnis als Element extrem rechter Ideologie eingeordnet. Der Artikel zeigt, dass Natur eine wesentliche Ordnungskategorie im rechten Denken ist. Der Begriff nimmt eine Scharnierfunktion zwischen Antifeminismus, lokalem Naturschutz und Klimawandelleugnung ein. Zentral hierfür ist die Konzeption der Natur als besonders schutzwürdig, die neben der Natur als Umwelt auf die ‚natürliche gesellschaftliche Ordnung‘ samt traditionellem Familienbild und binärer Geschlechterrollen übertragen wird. Die Naturalisierung von gesellschaftlichen Unterschieden, menschlichen Eigenschaften und Verhaltensweisen fungiert somit als zentrale Begründungsweise für die erstrebte völkische Ordnung.
A New Hypothesis for Alzheimer’s Disease: The Lipid Invasion Model
Authors: Rudge Jonathan D’Arcy
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a new hypothesis for Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—the lipid invasion model. It argues that AD results from external influx of free fatty acids (FFAs) and lipid-rich lipoproteins into the brain, following disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The lipid invasion model explains how the influx of albumin-bound FFAs via a disrupted BBB induces bioenergetic changes and oxidative stress, stimulates microglia-driven neuroinflammation, and causes anterograde amnesia. It also explains how the influx of external lipoproteins, which are much larger and more lipid-rich, especially more cholesterol-rich, than those normally present in the brain, causes endosomal-lysosomal abnormalities and overproduction of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ). This leads to the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the most well-known hallmarks of AD. The lipid invasion model argues that a key role of the BBB is protecting the brain from external lipid access. It shows how the BBB can be damaged by excess Aβ, as well as by most other known risk factors for AD, including aging, apolipoprotein E4 ( APOE4), and lifestyle factors such as hypertension, smoking, obesity, diabetes, chronic sleep deprivation, stress, and head injury. The lipid invasion model gives a new rationale for what we already know about AD, explaining its many associated risk factors and neuropathologies, including some that are less well-accounted for in other explanations of AD. It offers new insights and suggests new ways to prevent, detect, and treat this destructive disease and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases.
Rheology of saliva in health and disease
Authors: Rereddy S.K. , Cao A.C. , Blackwell B. , Poling-Skutvik R. , Arratia P.E. , Mirza N.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:

Saliva is a complex fluid that lubricates the oropharynx and facilitates chewing, swallowing, and vocalization. Viscoelasticity is critical for the ability of saliva to fulfill these functions. Xerostomia, or a sensation of dry mouth, occurs in 17–26% of the population. Although many equate xerostomia with hyposalivation, high-risk patients frequently report oral dryness in the absence of decreased salivary flow.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to determine if xerostomia is associated with alterations in the rheological properties of saliva in addition to decreased salivary production.

METHODS:

The study population included patients with post-radiation xerostomia, patients with anticholinergic-induced xerostomia and healthy controls. Salivary volumetric flow rate was measured, shear viscosity was measured using oscillatory rheometry, and extensional viscosity was measured using capillary thinning methods. Groups were compared using descriptive statistics and univariate analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of 36 subjects were included: 15 with post-radiation xerostomia, 9 with anticholinergic-induced xerostomia and 12 controls. Salivary volumetric flow was significantly decreased in post-radiation and anticholinergic-induced patients compared to controls. On capillary thinning testing, saliva from xerostomia patients had significantly greater extensional viscosity compared to controls. However, saliva from the three groups showed no significant difference in the complex viscosity or the storage or loss modulus of saliva with oscillatory rheology.

CONCLUSIONS:

Xerostomia is associated with decreased salivary volumetric flow and quantitative changes in the rheologic properties of saliva.
The Effect of Metformin on Bladder Cancer Incidence and Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: van Hattum Jons W. , de Ruiter Ben Max , Oddens Jorg R. , de Reijke Theo M. , Wilmink Johanna W. , Molenaar Remco J.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:

Effective oral treatment options for urothelial bladder cancer (BC) are lacking. Metformin, the most frequently used oral drug in type II diabetes mellitus, has putative anticancer properties and could, therefore, influence BC incidence and treatment outcomes. We systematically reviewed the current literature regarding the effect of metformin on BC incidence and oncological outcomes in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

METHODS:

This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Literature was gathered through a systematic search in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane library. Risk of bias was determined using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for non-randomized trials. Hazard ratios (HRs) were extracted and pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS:

We reviewed 13 studies, including 3,315,320 patients, considering the risk of developing BC after metformin exposure and 9 studies, including 4,006 patients, on oncological outcomes of patients with BC. Metformin did not affect BC incidence (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87 –1.09) or oncological outcomes for NMIBC but did show a reduced risk of recurrence (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32 –0.84), cancer-specific mortality (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43 –0.78) and overall mortality (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47 –0.92) in MIBC.

CONCLUSIONS:

The role of metformin in the prevention and treatment of BC in patients remains unclear. Although a beneficial effect of metformin on treatment outcomes of certain stages of BC may exist, a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn. Prospective clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of metformin for BC treatment.
Cognitive twin construction for system of systems operation based on semantic integration and high-level architecture
Authors: Li Han , Wang Guoxin , Lu Jinzhi , Kiritsis Dimitris
Published: March 2022

With the increasing complexity of engineered systems, digital twins (DTs) have been widely used to support integrated modeling, simulation, and decision-making of the system of systems (SoS). However, when integrating DTs of each constituent system, it is challenging to implement complexity management, interface definition, and service integration across DTs. This study proposes a new concept called cognitive twin (CT) to support SoS development and operation. CTs have been defined as DTs with augmented semantic capabilities for promoting the understanding of interrelationships be-tween virtual models and enhancing the decision-making. First, CTs aim to integrate the information description of DTs across constituent systems using a unified ontology and semantic modeling technique. Second, CTs provide integrated simulations among DTs for decision-making of the SoS based on a high-level architecture (HLA). Finally, through reasoning ontology models, CTs provide decision-making options for the operations of real constituent systems. A case study on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) landing on unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) is used to verify the flexibility of this approach. From the results, we find that the CT based on the proposed ontology provides a unified formalism of DTs across UAVs and USVs. Moreover, the reasoning based on the CT provides decision-making capabilities for UAVs by implementing cognitive computing to select target USVs for landing.
A review of intelligent medical imaging diagnosis for the COVID-19 infection
Authors: Saurabh Nikitha , Shetty Jyothi
Published: March 2022

Due to the unavailability of specific vaccines or drugs to treat COVID-19 infection, the world has witnessed a rise in the human mortality rate. Currently, real time RT-PCR technique is widely accepted to detect the presence of the virus, but it is time consuming and has a high rate of eliciting false positives/negatives results. This has opened research avenues to identify substitute strategies to diagnose the infection. Related works in this direction have shown promising results when RT-PCR diagnosis is complemented with Chest imaging results. Finally integrating intelligence and automating diagnostic systems can improve the speed and efficiency of the diagnosis process which is extremely essential in the present scenario. This paper reviews the use of CT scan, Chest X-ray, lung ultrasound images for COVID-19 diagnosis, discusses the automation of chest image analysis using machine learning and deep learning models, elucidates the achievements, challenges, and future directions in this domain.
Taking comfort in decisions: Implications in a pandemic
Authors: Engemann Kurt J. , Miller Holmes E.
Published: March 2022

A pandemic affects both individuals and groups in various ways, requiring that consequential decisions be satisfactory to multiple constituencies. The ultimate objective is to foster a balanced decision-making environment where, while each constituency might not obtain its optimal outcome, the outcomes are aligned and, in some measure, good enough overall. To determine the value of alternatives, we use the Comfort Decision Model, utilizing attitudinal measures. Sensitivity of the resulting decision is demonstrated and a measure of satisfaction to the implemented alternative is proposed.
Supervised machine learning models for student performance prediction
Authors: Alachiotis Nikolaos S. , Kotsiantis Sotiris , Sakkopoulos Evangelos , Verykios Vassilios S.
Published: March 2022

Educational Data Mining has turned into an effective technique for revealing relationships hidden in educational data and predicting students’ learning outcomes. One can analyze data extracted from the students’ activity, educational and social behavior, and academic background. The outcomes which are produced are, the following: A personalized learning procedure, a feasible engagement with students’ behavior, a predictable interaction of the students with the learning processes and data. In the current work, we apply several supervised methods aiming at predicting the students’ academic performance. We prove that the use of the default parameters of learning algorithms on a voting generalization procedure of the three most accurate classifiers, can produce better results than any single tuned learning algorithm.