bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silicon reduces Fusarium Head Blight Development in Barley
Authors: Sakr Nachaat
Published: June 2021

Background:

Silicon (Si) can directly or indirectly enhance plant resistance to fungal pathogens, but no report is available concerning the effectiveness of Si in decreasing Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

Objective and Methods:

The evaluation of Si supplied to barley incorporated into the soil and as a foliar spray against four FHB species under controlled conditions was investigated. In addition, the potential resistance mechanisms related to the reduction of Disease Incidence (DI) and Disease Severity (DS) measured at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-inoculation (dpi) were proposed. Four Si concentrations of both a SiO2 powder incorporated into the soil as a solid source, i.e., of 0.00, 0.50, 1.50 and 3.00 g/kg and a liquid formulation of Si as a foliar spray, i.e., of 0.0, 0.8, 1.7 and 3.4 ppm were tested to study their effect on the development of FHB fungi on two barley moderately resistant “MR” and susceptible “S” cultivars.

Results:

All concentrations of Si did not significantly reduce DI and DS at 7 dpi. The disease reduction was observed with the application of 1.50 g/kg of soil and 1.7 ppm at 14 dpi and increased with time until 28 dpi, however, the other rates had no significant effect. At 28 dpi, solid and foliar treatments reduced DI by 26.6% and 22.9%, respectively, on “MR” cultivar, and by 19.4% and 19.5%, respectively, on “S” cultivar and decreased DS by 20.4% and 19.5%, respectively, on “MR” plants and by 18.8% and 18.4%, respectively, on “S” plants.

Conclusion:

No effects of Si were observed during the initial infection stage; our results suggest that Si triggers defense processes in barley plants in the latest infection stages to diminish DI and DS by affecting mycotoxins synthesis. Si inputs can be a valuable tool in integrated FHB management by reducing the disease development on barley.
Entrepreneurial Career Probabilities of Adolescents
Authors: Schneider Kaethe , Saeed Vbronia
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

The extent of new enterprise creation is a key driver contributing to economic, social, individual, and cultural values. Given a relatively low rate of Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) in Germany, an understanding of the predictors of adolescent entrepreneurial career preferences is critical in developing ways to foster the interest of young people in entrepreneurship. Although the late precursors of the intention to become self-employed are largely understood, only a few studies have investigated which early individual-level factors affect the subjective probability of becoming an entrepreneur.

Objective:

The objective of the current study is to identify and statistically examine personality factors that affect the subjective probability of adolescents becoming entrepreneurs.

Methods:

Based on the German Socio-Economic Panel, we employed logistic regression to research the dependence of the variable “probability of becoming self-employed” on independent variables such as gender, locus of control (LoC), and personality traits for German adolescents aged between 16–17 years.

Results:

The study reveals a positive influence of the personality traits conscientiousness, extraversion, and LoC on the probability of being self-employed for German adolescents aged between 16–17 years. Agreeableness and neuroticism were found to have no significant effect on the subjective probability of adolescents becoming entrepreneurs, and openness was found to have no significant impact on high likelihood of being self-employed. For adolescents, being female has a significant impact only on a medium probability to be self-employed.

Conclusion:

To the current body of personality models explaining early adolescent entrepreneurial career preferences, we contribute a model which refers to a representative sample of adolescents in German society.
The Knowledge and Educational Needs of Nurses Regarding Pain Management of Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Al Nazly Eman Khamis , Al Khatib Husam
Published: June 2021

Background:

Nurses are the first to encounter a patient in pain. A nurse’s knowledge of pain management in patients receiving hemodialysis allows them to provide optimal pain management.

Objective:

The aim of this qualitative study is to explore the experiences, perceptions, and beliefs of nurses in the hemodialysis unit regarding pain management practices and identify nurses’ educational needs to improve nurses’ pain management in practice.

Methods:

A purposive sample of 16 nurses working in four out-patient hemodialysis units in Amman, Jordan, was recruited. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed manually for the following content analysis scheme.

Results:

The five themes and fifteen sub-categories were extracted from the nurses' experiences regarding nurses’ knowledge of pain management. The five categories that emerged from the analysis were (1) nurses’ knowledge of pain management, (2) nurses’ self-learning pain management strategy, (3) nurses’ approach to pain management, (4) patients continue to suffer unrelieved pain, (5) nurses’ educational needs.

Relevance to Clinical Practice:

This data will prove to be useful for evaluating pain management practices for patients on maintenance hemodialysis, developing educational programs for nurses working in hemodialysis units with a focus on improving pain management, and providing knowledge regarding these issues. More research is recommended among nurses for understanding pain knowledge in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Conclusion:

This qualitative analysis indicated that nurses are not fully aware of various strategies for pain management. Nurses’ perception of pain and pain management was found to be limited to pain assessment and some non-pharmacological management strategies. It has been revealed that nurses require educational interventions regarding pain management in practice.
Disruption of Wnt/β-catenin Pathway Elevates the Sensitivity of Gastric Cancer Cells to PD-1 Antibody
Authors: Li Jian , Zhang Hui , Bei Songhua , Zhang Xiaohong , Li Huanqing , Ye Li , Feng Li
Published: June 2021

Background:

Gastric Cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy tumor and the third cause of cancer-related death around the world. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibodies play an active role in tumor therapy. A recent study reveals that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is negatively correlated with T-cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby influencing the therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 antibody.

Objective:

In this study, we aimed to uncover the relationship of Wnt/β-catenin pathway to CD8+ T cell activity as well as its effect on anti-PD-1 therapeutic efficacy in GC.

Methods and Results:

We first collected clinical samples and went through an immunohistochemical analysis and found that a high β-catenin expression in GC tissues was often associated with a significant absence of CD8+ T-cell infiltration. In addition, our data further indicated that disruption of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in GC cells inhibited their migratory and invasive ability. Meanwhile, enhanced sensitivity of GC cells to PD-1 blockade therapy was evident by decreased Jurkat cell apoptosis rate and increased GC cell apoptosis rate in a tumor and Jurkat cells co-culture system with the presence of Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition.

Conclusion:

Collectively, these findings indicated Wnt/β-catenin pathway may play a significant role in modulating the activity of Jurkat cells and downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin may enhance the sensitivity of GC cells to PD-1 antibody in vitro. This result further indicated that β-catenin and PD-1 targeted inhibition might become a potential and effective therapy for GC patients.
Chemical and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia zerumbet Grown in Foothills Agroclimatic Conditions of Northern India
Authors: Bhatt Gunjan , Nagarkoti Ranveer S. , Kholiya Sushma , Tiwari Ameeta , Verma Sajendra K. , Verma Ram S. , Darokar Mahendra P. , Padalia Rajendra C.
Published: June 2021

Background:

The member of the genus Alpinia (family: Zingiberaceae) is used in traditional medicine for various formulations for the food, spices, medicines, and perfume.

Objective:

The present study was carried out to analyse the compositional variability in leaf and rhizome essential oils of Alpinia calcarata Roscoe and Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt & R.M. Sm. and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against eight pathogenic bacteria strains.

Methods:

The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC-MS and the antibacterial activity was evaluated by filter paper disc diffusion and micro dilution broth assay.

Results:

A total of 31 compounds identified, forming 89.26-94.32% composition of A. calcarata and A. zerumbet. The leaf and rhizome oil of A. calcarata and A. zerumbet were mainly characterized by 1,8-cineole (15.61-43.63%), β-pinene (5.02-23.52%), terpinen-4-ol (1.00-20.87%), camphor (1.94-11.60%), and (Z)-β-ocimene (0.16-11.86%). endo-Fenchyl acetate (13.12-24.39%) was identified as marker constituents of rhizome essential oil of both A. calcarata and A. zerumbet. The antibacterial assay showed that leaf oil of A. calcarata has good activity against S. mutans, whereas its rhizome oil possess good activity against K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. However, the rhizome oil of A. zerumbet showed activity against S. mutans, B. subtilisS. aureus-2940 and S. epidermidis.

Conclusion:

The essential oils of A. calcarata and A. zerumbet with aroma chemicals viz. 1,8-cineole, ocimenes, terpinen-4-ol, α-pinene, β-pinenes and fenchyl acetate and significant antibacterial activities could be used for perfumery and fragrance related formulation.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Lysate as a Cell-Free Therapy: A Review
Authors: Malik Sabeen , Malik Tehreem
Published: June 2021

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), a self-renewing and multipotent population of cells
have proved to be a potential regenerative medical therapy option. Initially, it was assumed that the
primary mechanism behind MSCs action was cell substitution by differentiation and engraftment at
the injury site. However, recent trials have demonstrated that implanted cells don’t last long and
that the benefits of MSCs therapy may be triggered by a wide number of bioactive factors, essential
for regulating main biological processes. Thus, supporting the paracrine mechanism of action
of MSCs. Application of secretome could eliminate the potential risk factors associated with MSCs
transplantation, like the unknown fate of cells after transplantation, malignant transformation, and
undesired differentiation of MSCs. However, the use of a secretome might not give long-lasting
and desired results. Thus, it may intuitively suggest the need for other treatment options. The cellular
lysate is considered as an alternate cell-free treatment strategy for the cure of multiple disorders.
The present review describes the MSCs secretome/extracellular vesicles and MSCs lysate, derived
from bone marrow and adipose, as a cell-free therapy with the application of MSCs lysate for various
diseases from 2010 to 2020. Moreover, it also highlights the advantages and limitations of each
cell-free therapy.
La conciliación y la mediación como una herramienta útil para la construcción de paz – un aporte desde los consultorios jurídicos
Authors: Silvera Sarmiento Astelio , Alfaro Meléndez Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

This article aims to address self-conflict methods of conflict resolution especially the conciliation and the mediation rescuing the importance of the analysis of the conflict theory to identify the factors, elements and causes that generate it, as a point of reference for the construction of effective solutions to address the problems of society, rescuing interdisciplinarity as a useful tool not only for the management of the conflict but for the contribution to the restoration of the relationship between the parties. This research was developed under a qualitative, descriptive approach, with the use of hermeneutics, and using as a scientific paradigm the critical theory. Likewise, a descriptive review was carried out that aims to address conciliation and mediation from the conflict theory. In conclusion, we saw that the implementation of the Alternative Mechanisms of conflict resolution, especially conciliation and mediation are useful tools to manage conflict resolution in a peaceful way and rescue the values ​​of the community by improving their interactions, On the other hand, there are institutions of higher education that through their legal offices can through the implementation of these mechanisms and including interdisciplinarity to intervene in the problems of the community, to promote a culture of peace and reconciliation that contributes to the reconstruction of the social fabric.
Decolonising Multilingualism in Africa
Authors: Ndhlovu Finex , Makalela Leketi
Published: June 2021

This book interrogates and problematises African multilingualism as it is currently understood in language education and research. It challenges the enduring colonial matrices of power hidden within mainstream conceptions of multilingualism that have been propagated in the Global North and then exported to the Global South.
NON-MALIGNANT DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM THROUGH 30 YEARS AFTER CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT
Authors: Kaminskyi O. V. , Kopilova O. V. , Afanasyev D. Y. , Pronin O. V. , Dombrovskaya N. S.
Published: June 2021

A retrospective analysis of data 1992–2014 years shows that the prevalence of thyroid patology in people affected by the Chernobyl accident is 40.3 %, in emergency workers — 35.4 %, in those whowere evacuated from the exclusion zone — 27.2 %, in residents of radiation contaminated areas — 28.6 %. It’s significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than in the general Ukrainian population (3.9 %). The most common non-malignant endocrine diseases in individuals who have suffered as a result of the Chernobyl accident were: nodular goiter — 14.4 %, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis 8 %, preobese/obesity 41.9 %/36.8 %, pre-diabetes/diabetes 15.5 %/21.4 %. The most common non-malignant endocrine diseases liquidators of the Chernobyl accident were nodular goiter — 21.8 %, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis — 12.9 %, pre-obese/obesity — 41.7 %/33.6 %, prediabetes/diabetes — 8.6 %/12.2 %. Critical groups were children evacuated from the 30 km exclusion zone and irradiated at the age of 3–6 years. They had diffuse toxic goiter in 43.7 %, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis — 1.7 %, primary hypothyroidism — 0.96 %, nodular goiter — 2.3 %, and the peak prevalence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis occurred in 2001–2003. An active period of their puberty. Among children who were born from irradiated parents (first generation), thyroid disease was detected in 42.6 %, it exceeded the rate in the control group, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis diagnosed significantly less frequently — at 0.45 %, diffuse toxic goiter in 9.5–13.8 %, nodular goiter at 1.7 %. Non-malignant endocrine pathology in exposed adults and children is common, occurs in 3–53 % of individuals, occurs in the majority of victims in 10–15 years after exposure to the radiation factor in the result of technogenic accident or incident, it continues to grow slowly in 30 years.
Research Trends in Artificial Intelligence Applications in Human Factors Health Care: Mapping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Asan Onur , Choudhury Avishek
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Despite advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) to develop prediction and classification models, little research has been devoted to real-world translations with a user-centered design approach. AI development studies in the health care context have often ignored two critical factors of ecological validity and human cognition, creating challenges at the interface with clinicians and the clinical environment.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this literature review was to investigate the contributions made by major human factors communities in health care AI applications. This review also discusses emerging research gaps, and provides future research directions to facilitate a safer and user-centered integration of AI into the clinical workflow.

METHODS

We performed an extensive mapping review to capture all relevant articles published within the last 10 years in the major human factors journals and conference proceedings listed in the “Human Factors and Ergonomics” category of the Scopus Master List. In each published volume, we searched for studies reporting qualitative or quantitative findings in the context of AI in health care. Studies are discussed based on the key principles such as evaluating workload, usability, trust in technology, perception, and user-centered design.

RESULTS

Forty-eight articles were included in the final review. Most of the studies emphasized user perception, the usability of AI-based devices or technologies, cognitive workload, and user’s trust in AI. The review revealed a nascent but growing body of literature focusing on augmenting health care AI; however, little effort has been made to ensure ecological validity with user-centered design approaches. Moreover, few studies (n=5 against clinical/baseline standards, n=5 against clinicians) compared their AI models against a standard measure.

CONCLUSIONS

Human factors researchers should actively be part of efforts in AI design and implementation, as well as dynamic assessments of AI systems’ effects on interaction, workflow, and patient outcomes. An AI system is part of a greater sociotechnical system. Investigators with human factors and ergonomics expertise are essential when defining the dynamic interaction of AI within each element, process, and result of the work system.
A Novel Metric to Quantify the Effect of Pathway Enrichment Evaluation With Respect to Biomedical Text-Mined Terms: Development and Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Qin Xuan , Yao Xinzhi , Xia Jingbo
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Natural language processing has long been applied in various applications for biomedical knowledge inference and discovery. Enrichment analysis based on named entity recognition is a classic application for inferring enriched associations in terms of specific biomedical entities such as gene, chemical, and mutation.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pathway enrichment evaluation with respect to biomedical text-mining results and to develop a novel metric to quantify the effect.

METHODS

Four biomedical text mining methods were selected to represent natural language processing methods on drug-related gene mining. Subsequently, a pathway enrichment experiment was performed by using the mined genes, and a series of inverse pathway frequency (IPF) metrics was proposed accordingly to evaluate the effect of pathway enrichment. Thereafter, 7 IPF metrics and traditional P value metrics were compared in simulation experiments to test the robustness of the proposed metrics.

RESULTS

IPF metrics were evaluated in a case study of rapamycin-related gene set. By applying the best IPF metrics in a pathway enrichment simulation test, a novel discovery of drug efficacy of rapamycin for breast cancer was replicated from the data chosen prior to the year 2000. Our findings show the effectiveness of the best IPF metric in support of knowledge discovery in new drug use. Further, the mechanism underlying the drug-disease association was visualized by Cytoscape.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study suggest the effectiveness of the proposed IPF metrics in pathway enrichment evaluation as well as its application in drug use discovery.
PEP as a potential antecedent to PrEP among an online sample of HIV-negative and unknown status cis- and transgender sexual minority men: A cross-sectional study (Preprint)
Authors: John Steven A. , Sizemore K. Marie , Jimenez Ruben H. , Jones S. Scott , Petroll Andrew E. , Rendina H. Jonathon
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

HIV disproportionately affects sexual minority men (SMM) in the U.S.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to determine past HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) use and current and prior pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among an online sample of cisgender and transgender men who have sex with men.

METHODS

In 2019, HIV-negative and unknown status SMM (n = 63,015) were recruited via geosocial networking apps, social media, and other online venues to participate in a brief eligibility screening survey. Individuals were asked about past PEP and current and prior PrEP use. We examined associations of demographics, socioeconomic indicators, recent club drug use, and PrEP status on past PEP use using fully-adjusted logistic regression.

RESULTS

Prior PEP use was relatively uncommon (11.3%), with 2.66 times more men reporting current or prior PrEP use (30.1%). Most (85.9%) past PEP users were current or prior PrEP users, representing 23.6% and 55.4% of all current and prior PrEP users, respectively. In multivariable analysis, current and prior PrEP users had 12.4 (99.9% CI: 10.9-14.3) and 49.3 (99.9% CI: 42.6-57.1) times higher odds of past PEP use compared to non-PrEP users, respectively. Other factors significantly (p < 0.001) associated with past PEP use but with smaller effect sizes included: older age groups (25-34 and 35-44 years old) compared to younger age (< 25 years old; AORs: 1.27-1.34); bisexual identity compared to gay (AOR=0.81); and Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Black, Latinx, and multiracial or another race/ethnicity compared to non-Hispanic white, individually (AORs=1.33-1.51). Men who lived in the Midwest, South, and West had significantly lower odds of past PEP use compared to men residing in the Northeast (AORs=0.75-0.86). No significant effects at alpha=0.001 were found by gender, health insurance status, socio-economic status, or recent club drug use in multivariable analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Prior PEP use was relatively uncommon in our online sample of SMM, but our findings indicate PEP is likely a gateway to PrEP and used in combination during gaps in PrEP use. Advertising and prescribing PEP could support efforts to increase PrEP and sustain HIV prevention during breaks or interruptions in daily or intermittent PrEP use.

CLINICALTRIAL
Correction: Rating Hospital Performance in China: Review of Publicly Available Measures and Development of a Ranking System (Preprint)
Authors: Dong Shengjie , Millar Ross , Shi Chenshu , Dong Minye , Xiao Yuyin , Shen Jie , Li Guohong
Published: June 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
How Meat Science Academic Programming Can Facilitate Undergraduate and Graduate Student International Exposure
Authors: Belk Keith E.
Published: June 2021

As the world population increases and the trajectory of meat trade continues to expand across the borders of sovereign nations, it is important for university educators to increase the opportunities that undergraduate and graduate students have for engaging with other cultures. In the future, it is unlikely that students can be successful in a meat-based career without knowledge of the global markets. The Meat Science Group at Colorado State University have tried to offer such opportunities to students by engaging them in research; providing forums for exchange, internships, capacity building, and participating in international scientific meetings; and offering courses that assist students in their understanding of the global marketplace. As the world becomes a smaller place, all such student international activities are becoming a compulsory need to accommodate the Land Grant Mission.
Body Mass Index and HbA1c Are Associated with Renal and Hepatic Function
Authors: Pratama Yoga Mulia , Faniyah Falah , Saputra Imam Nafiyana
Published: June 2021

Hypertension and diabetes may have implications for damage to other organs such as the kidneys and liver which are evaluated by serum creatinine and ALT, respectively. This study aims to delineate the association between body mass index and hbA1c with renal and hepatic function, respectively. This is a cross-sectional study involving 32 subjects. The research subjects consisted of diabetics and hypertension who were registered in the Muhammadiyah Primary Health Care, Kebanaran, Purwokerto. It was found that in diabetics, there were significant results between serum creatinine and HbA1c values (p <0.01, r = 0.855). Systolic blood pressure was correlated with body mass index (BMI) (p <0.01, r = 0.649). In patients with hypertension, serum creatinine was correlated with the length of time a person has hypertension (p <0.01, r = 0.475). Meanwhile, the ALT value was correlated with body mass index (p <0.05, r = 0.422) and waist circumference (p <0.001, r = 0.528). We found that a decreased HbA1c levels significantly reduces serum creatinine levels so it may also reduce kidney damage. A decrease in the value of BMI and waist circumference significantly reduces ALT enzyme levels which may have the potential for reducing liver damage.
Use of Cerebrolysin in combination with high-dose Aspirin antithrombotic treatment of ischemic stroke: a case report.
Authors: Borisevich Alexander
Published: June 2021

This clinical case is showing a potential synergistic neuroprotective
interaction of Cerebrolysin and high doses of aspirin. The case
describes the significant recovery of neurological deficits in a patient
with moderate ischemic stroke caused by right posterior cerebral artery
thrombosis after treatment with Cerebrolysin in combination with aspirin
Infinitely many solutions to fractional differential equations with instantaneous and non-instantaneous impulses
Authors: Tian Yu , Cai Yingjie , Zhang Yue
Published: June 2021

The goal of this paper is to study fractional differential equations
involving instantaneous and non-instantaneous impulses with
Sturm-Liouville boundary conditions. By using critical point theory and
variational approach, infinitely many solutions are obtained. The
interesting point is that the potential has an oscillating asymptotic
behavior. Also one example is presented to illustrate the main result.
From conservative treatment to surgery with repeated imaging modalities in post-TAVI infective endocarditis patient
Authors: Corekcioglu Busra , Guler Gamze Babur , Ozkan Serpil , Topel Cagdas , Demir Ali , onan burak , ERTURK MEHMET
Published: June 2021

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the more common choice
of procedure for the severe aortic stenosis patients with high surgical
risk. While the popularity of TAVI increases, TAVI related
complications, such as infective endocarditis (IE) increase in number.
There are no specific guidelines for TAVI-IE, so shaping a path
according to patient’s clinical status is more reasonable. With
different advantages for each, multiple imaging modalities should be
used for follow-up. In our case, repeated multiple imaging modalities
were used to decide early surgery versus conservative approach by
detecting periaortic pseudoaneurysm after TAVI.
IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION ON SOCIAL NETWORKS THROUGH THE PRISM OF DEFENSE MECHANISM “OVERCOMPENSATION”
Authors: Khraban Tetiana
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to study the identity construction in Ukrainian sector of Facebook social network through the prism of defense mechanism “overcompensation”. Psycholinguistic research methods, namely discourse analysis, the method of contextual and intuitive logical interpretation analysis are used in this empirical, inductive study. The study identified that the most desirable characteristics for an individual are hardline attitude, self-confidence, self-control, persistence, buoyancy, ambition for self-development and self-actualization, steadfastness, rebelliousness, adventurism, humanity, kindness. The Ukrainian social network users are strongly attracted by such gender roles as “real man” and “strong woman” as well as such situational social roles as “powerful man”, “rebel”, “learner”, “cynic”, “expert-adviser”, “nihilist”, “sage”, “leader”, “hedonist”. We argue that an individual who constructs his/her personal identity through the defense mechanism “overcompensation” has clearly demonstrated need for power, an individual is convinced of the moral righteousness of what he/she believes in. The need for power motivates an individual in quest for leadership. In this case, an individual is focused on charismatic leadership, that is, he/she positions himself/herself as a person who, by virtue of his/her personal abilities and qualities, is able to have a profound and extraordinary influence on the people around him/her. The preferable psychological types of leader are “hero leader”, “leader-standard”, “erudite leader”. The charismatic leadership is only an immanent orientation of consciousness toward a desired identity, no matter it is real or imagined, but this orientation certainly affects the real identity construction.
FORMATION OF TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETENCIES IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS IN TRAINING TEACHERS
Authors: Korets Alexander , Didyk Andry
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the knowledge of electrical engineering and electronics in the context of the competency approach in terms of remote mode and personal routine of the student. The ability to apply the acquired cognitive experience in the created experimental situations is revealed. It is shown that the monitoring determined the ability of students to build their own knowledge system with the involvement of the latest information technologies. The expediency of using innovative methods and technologies at different stages of forming the quality of training of future specialists in electrical engineering and electronics in the conditions of distance learning is determined. The main types, functions and modes of using computer support in the distance learning process are presented. Emphasis is placed on the need to make the right correction, to develop individual approaches and programs, to take into account psychological and pedagogical indicators and criteria for the effectiveness of distance learning. It is noted that the use of computers allows you to find the best ways to solve problems, while improving the learning process. The requirements of the experiment, the unity of experimental and theoretical methods of cognition are analyzed. The basic ways of motivation of activity of students and features of formation and development of competence-worldview professional qualities of the future teacher of technological educational branch are opened. It is determined that the process of professional training should solve the problem of forming a competent specialist who is fluent in modern innovative technologies and ready for constant professional growth, social and professional mobility.
POETIC DISCOURSE AS AN ACT OF COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ADDRESSER AND ADDRESSEE
Authors: Yeshchenko Tetyana
Published: June 2021

The author substantiates the idea of the anthropocentric nature of the poetic text, in which the addresser and the addressee form an interactive communicative chain, and artistic- poetic communication in the aspect of discursive approach is considered as a process in which the subject of verbal interaction between its participants is encoded in poetic form. Poetic verbal goals act as the source for this research, from which a selection of units that manifest the text category «anthropocentrism» is done in a way of accurate and complete inventory. The research method is descriptive. The author considers the poetic text as an intermediate link in the paradigm, which presupposes certain communicative roles of the addresser (author) and the addressee (reader). This triadic structure of speech interaction is caused by the tactical and strategic repertoire of the speaker, their intention, functional parameters of the text and pragmatic effect. The prospect of the research is the description of the text category «anthropocentrism» and its components (addresser / addressee) in semantic, pragmatic, communicative aspects.
VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES IN THE SPHERE OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION
Authors: Demidenko Anastasiia
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the volunteer movement in the sphere of human rights protection and cooperation of volunteers with non-governmental human rights organizations. It is pointed out that due to the activization of civil society and the growing number of violations of human rights on the international arena, this issue needs to be studied in more detail. In order to study the nature of volunteer organizations, a retrospective historical analysis of the phenomenon of volunteering since its appearance has been conducted. Several directions of historical development of the volunteer movement are compared. In order to understand the role of volunteer movements in the protection of human rights, the definition of the concept is proposed and explained, their functions and features as well as the main directions of activity are singled out. The comparison of concepts, functions and roles of volunteer and non- governmental human rights organizations is made. Also, the definition of the concept of “non-governmental human rights organizations” is given, on the base of which the common features of the above elements of civil society are defined. Examples of state regulation of volunteering activities in European countries, as well as the activities of volunteers in the sphere of human rights protection and cooperation of the latter with non-governmental human rights organizations are analyzed. The importance of cooperation between volunteer organizations and NGOs is also emphasized, as well as the mutual benefit for these organizations.
PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
Authors: Belov Oleksandr
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to study the features of the personal characteristics of patients with depressive disorders at the present stage, taking into account gender and age factors. Clinically examined 107 men and 138 women with depressive disorders (ICD-10 codes F31.3, F31.4, F32.0, F32.1, F32.2, F33.0, F33.1, F33.2) using Mini-mult test. Persistent pathocharacterological changes were revealed in patients with depressive disorders, the basis of these transformations are persistent depressive manifestations in combination with a high level of anxiety, asthenia and hypochondriasis, as well as moderate manifestations of hysteria, psychopathy, paranoia and schizoidism. In men, more pronounced manifestations of depression, paranoia and schizoidism were revealed, and in women – psychasthenia, hypochondriasis and psychopathic manifestations. The manifestations of depression, hypochondriasis, psychopathy, paranoia and schizoidness, which are least pronounced in the young age group (up to 30 years old), and most pronounced in the older age group (45 years and older). The manifestations of psychasthenia are minimal in the younger age group, reach the highest level in the middle age group (30-44 years old), and slightly decrease in the older age group.
THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF IRON METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH UROTELIAL BLADDER CANCER AT DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASM ANEMIA
Authors: Borysenko Dmytro , Vydyborets Stanislav
Published: June 2021

The article presents information about the protein responsible for the iron depot in the body – ferritin. Its physiological role and clinical significance are demonstrated. A batophenanthroline method was used to determine the range of iron in the blood serum and the range of the total iron-binding capacity of the blood serum. The range of unsaturated iron-binding capacity of blood serum was calculated as the difference between total iron-binding capacity in blood serum and the range of iron in blood serum. The transferrin saturation coefficient of iron was defined as the ratio of the content of iron in blood serum to the total iron-binding capacity in blood serum. The range of transferrin was determined by the rate of the total iron-binding capacity in blood serum, and ferritin using the radiometric method. The dynamics of changes in ferritin content in malignant neoplasm anemia in patients with bladder cancer has been demonstrated. The conclusion about the importance of this parameter for laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency and anemia of malignant neoplasms is made.
THE STATE OF CHILDREN MASTICATORY MUSCLES WITH DENTITION DEFECTS IN THE FRONTAL AREA AND NARROWING OF DENTAL ARCHES IN THE TRANSVERSE PLANE
Authors: Savonik Svitlana
Published: June 2021

Orthopedic and orthodontic treatment of 49 patients aged 6 to 17 years with dentition defects in the frontal area was examined and performed to conduct and determine the state of the masticatory muscles in children with dentition defects. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the period of formation of the dento-maxillaire system and each of the groups was divided into two subgroups depending on the method of treatment and the mechanism of fixation of the orthodontic appliance in the oral cavity. When comparing the indicators between groups I A and I B, we can state that there were more qualitative and dynamic changes in electromyographic indicators in children of group I B than group I A. When comparing the data received after orthopedic and orthodontic treatment of children in group II, we can state that quantitative and qualitative indicators of electromyography for group II B were better than those of children in group II A. In children who were treated with removable appliances, these indicators improved, but remained at a worse level than in those treated with non-removable appliances.
INTELLIGENT STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM BASED ON THE IOT PARADIGM
Authors: VODOVOZOV ALEXANDR M. , BURTSEV ALEXANDR V.
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of a completed research project aimed at developing hardware and software components for urban architecture of smart lighting based on the IoT paradigm. The proposed system is capable of adjusting the brightness of street lamps based on the analysis of traffic and pedestrian flows on certain road segments, thereby effectively solving the problem of energy saving. In a lighting system design, each street-light luminaire is a part of an expandable computer network. The architecture combines various subsystems (local controllers, motion sensors, video cameras, weather sensors) and electronic devices responsible for performing certain operations: remote lighting control, video processing, motion detection, wireless data exchange, energy analysis and traffic estimation. Generally, the proposed street lighting infrastructure based on the IoT paradigm is considered to be a framework for developing unified urban high-tech architecture aimed at providing a whole range of new services.
LEXICAL UPDATING TRENDS IN THE REFLECTION OF “CORONAVIRUS” WORDS
Authors: GEKKINA ЕLENA N. , KOZHEVNIKOV ALEKSANDR YU.
Published: June 2021

The article contains an overview of new lexical units appeared in the Russian language during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neologisms form a complete thematic group that reflects the updating trends of Russian vocabulary. The principles and ways of describing new lexical material are determined by the relevant methodological framework and the purpose of the study - to establish the main trends in the neologization process. As a result, word-forming derivatives have become the main subject of the analysis. There are a large number of compound words among derivatives. The compound words are formed according to the traditional models, at the same time, such a way of building words as contamination is actively used.
Ambivalensi Identitas dalam Novel Black Bazar karya Alain Mabanckou
Authors: Faizah Afifah
Published: June 2021

Black Bazar merupakan salah satu novel karya penulis frankofon yang berasal dari Republik Kongo, yaitu Alain Mabanckou. Novel ini bercerita tentang kehidupan tokoh Fessologue di Paris sebagai seorang pria imigran kulit hitam yang berasal dari Republik Kongo. Lingkungan sosial yang baru membuatnya harus meniru perilaku orang Prancis agar dapat berintegrasi di sana. Artikel ini membahas pencarian identitas Fessologue melalui peniruan yang menyebabkan keadaan ambivalen. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan kajian naratologi Gérard Genette dan analisis struktur naratif Roland Barthes dengan diperdalam menggunakan teori representasi dan identitas Stuart Hall, serta teori hibriditas budaya Homi K. Bhabha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penokohan dan latar cerita menggambarkan ambivalensi identitas budaya tokoh Fessologue. Peniruan-peniruan yang dilakukan Fessologue tercermin dalam gaya berpakaian, gaya hidup, dan cara berpikirnya agar sama dengan orang Prancis. Proses peniruannya tersebut tidak terus berlanjut sehingga timbul ambivalensi dalam dirinya karena berada di antara dua budaya, yaitu budaya Prancis dan Kongo. Keadaan ambivalen menyadarkannya bahwa tidak ada budaya yang murni sehingga tidak perlu mengagungkan kemurnian suatu identitas budaya.
'Splendid isolation': Embracing islandness in a global pandemic
Authors: Agius Karl , Sindico Francesco , Sajeva Giulia , Baldacchino Godfrey
Published: June 2021

Islandness is often considered to be a disadvantage. However, it has helped the residents of islands to delay, deter, and, in some cases, totally insulate themselves from COVID-19. While islanders have been quick to lock themselves down, this has had a tremendous impact on their connectivity and on tourism, which in many cases is their major economic sector. Yet, the association of islands with being safe, “COVID-19 free” zones has helped these spaces to be among the first destinations to restart the tourism economy once travel restrictions were lifted. After several weeks of lockdown, and with the COVID-19 threat still looming, social distancing remained the norm. Travellers were thus eager to immerse themselves in island environments while avoiding crowds and seeking small accommodation facilities in less densely populated rural areas to limit the risks of infection — a package offered by several islands in the central Mediterranean. With many travellers opting to travel close to home, islands benefited from domestic tourism — a key market segment for islands in this region. Islands have thus performed relatively well in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic and in restarting their economies; but the pandemic has also exposed challenges including a dangerous overreliance on tourism.
Однолезвийные балтские и скандинавские мечи эпохи викингов (VIII – XI вв) с вогнутыми клинками.
Authors: Черевичник Денис
Published: June 2021

В данной работе впервые рассматривается тип однолевзвийных мечей, с клинками, изогнутыми внутрь, по направлению к режущей кромке, бытовавших у народов Скандинавии (преимущественно на территории Норвегии) и у балтских племён в эпоху викингов – в VIII-XI вв. В статье описывается пятнадцать однолезвийных мечей этого периода с вогнутыми клинками, обнаруженных в Латвии (2) , в Эстонии (2) , в Финляндии (1), в Польше (1), в Норвегии (7), в Нормандии (1) и в Венгрии (1). На основании изучения археологического материала, в статье доказывается, что характерный морфологический признак - изгиб клинка внутрь к режущей кромке, у описанных образцов является не позднейшей деформацией или результатом утрат, а изначальным конструктивным элементом, а также предлагается выделить эти образцы оружия в отдельный тип
Application of web 3.0 technologies in distance education (by levels of higher education)
Authors: Horban Yurii , Humenchuk Anatolii , Karakoz Olena , Koshelieva Oksana , Shtefan Ivan
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the survey is to identify the need for Web 3.0-technologies in distance education among higher education seekers initial level (short cycle), first (bachelor's) level, second (master's) level, third (educational-scientific/educational-creative) level, scientific level among 438 applicants for higher education. Features (open source software (OSS) for developing, sharing and configuring programs for global use and application, built-in algorithms for analyzing and interpreting large amounts of data) and the benefits of Web 3.0 in higher education (the ability to organize collaboration on a social network, encourage globalization, improve data management, stimulate creativity and innovation, support the availability of mobile Internet). The correlation between the functions of Web 3.0-technologies in distance education and learning outcomes at all levels of higher education is established. Intelligence indicates a lack of comprehensive scientific research in the relevant field. The practical significance of the results of intelligence lies in the correlation of the functions of Web 3.0-technologies in distance education and learning outcomes at all levels of higher education.
Approximations of the solution of a stochastic Ginzburg-Landau equation
Authors: Breckner Brigitte E. , Lisei Hannelore
Published: June 2021

"This paper presents a method to approximate the solution of a stochas- tic Ginzburg-Landau equation with multiplicative noise term. Error estimates for the approximation of the solution are given."
Complex left Caputo fractional inequalities
Authors: Anastassiou George A.
Published: June 2021

"Here we present several complex left Caputo type fractional inequalities
of well known kinds, such as of Ostrowski, Poincare, Sobolev, Opial and Hilbert-
Pachpatte."
"A study of existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for nonlinear fractional
differential equations with nonlocal boundary conditions"
Authors: Bouteraa Noureddine , Benaicha Slimane
Published: June 2021

"This paper deals with the existence, uniqueness and the multiplicity
of solutions for a class of fractional di erential equations boundary value prob-
lems involving three-point nonlocal Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative and
integral boundary conditions. Our results are based on some well-known tools of
xed point theory such as Banach contraction principle, xed point index theory
and the Leggett-Williams xed point theorem. As applications, some examples
are presented at the end to illustrate the main results."
Cybersecurity Impacts for Artificial Intelligence use within Industry 4.0
Authors: Dawson Maurice
Published: June 2021

In today’s modern digitizing manufacturing landscape, new and emerging technologies can shape how an organization can compete, while others will view this as a necessity to survive as manufacturing has been identified as a critical infrastructure. Universities struggle to hire university professors that are adequately trained or willing to enter academia due to competitive salary offers in the industry. Meanwhile, the demand for fields such as Artificial Intelligence, data science, and cybersecurity continuously rises with no foreseeable drop in demand in the next several years. This results in organizations deploying technologies with an inadequate staff that understands what new cybersecurity risks they are introducing into the company. Examined are how organizations can potentially mitigate some of the risk associated with integrating these new technologies and developing their workforce to be better prepared for looming changes in technological skill need. With the over a 10 % growth in organizations deploying Artificial Intelligence, the current cybersecurity workforce needs are over half a million. A struggle to find a viable workforce this research paper aims to serve as a guide for Information Technology managers and senior management to foresee the cybersecurity risks that will result from the incorporation of these new technological advances into the organization.