bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Über die Gestensprache zur Sprachgeste. Wittgenstein und die Konsequenzen seines alternativen Kommunikationsmodells
Authors: Goppelsröder Fabian
Published: November 2010

Die alte Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Wortsprache und Geste hat über die letzten Jahrzehnte an philosophischer Brisanz noch einmal gewonnen. Insbesondere im Zusammenhang der sogenannten Bildwissenschaften, der Entwicklung einer modalen Linguistik und der wichtiger werdenden Medienphilosophie wurde sie in einer Weise gestellt, welche die Geste nicht mehr lediglich als rhetorische Zutat oder gar schlicht als Verlängerung der Wortsprache ansieht. Muss man nicht viel eher umgekehrt die Wortsprache von der Geste her denken, um das Phänomen Sprache wirklich zu verstehen?

Ludwig Wittgensteins Spielvorstellung von Sprache ist solch ein grundlegend von der Geste her gedachtes Sprachmodell. ,Die Geste' wird zum Katalysator seiner Spätphilosophie, zur Figur, durch die sich sein spätes Denken entfaltet. Alle entscheidenden Verschiebungen vom Tractatus zu den Philosophischen Untersuchungen sind an sie gebunden: die Hinwendung zur ordinary language, die Aufgabe des Projekts eines geschlossenen Systems der Sprache und damit die philosophische Rehabilitierung des Vagen, die Substitution der Definition durch das Konzept der Familienähnlichkeit. Insbesondere aber auch der Wandel seiner Denk- und Schreibweise, seiner philosophischen Praxis ist in diesem Kontext zu sehen.

Der vorliegende Text versucht, die Zusammenhänge von Gestensprache und Sprachgeste in einer ersten Annäherung deutlicher zu machen.
Der Extremsport im Lichte von Kants Theorie des Erhabenen
Authors: Schnell Holger Jens
Published: November 2010

Der Beitrag knüpft an die moderne Popularität von Extremsportarten an und bringt einen wiederkehrenden Erlebnisaspekt des Extremsports mit Immanuel Kants Theorie des Erhabenen in Zusammenhang. Der Nervenkitzel der Extremsportler, so die These, lässt sich in seiner spezifischen, lustvoll empfundenen Ambivalenz durch Kants Analyse der Gemütsbewegung des Erhabenen strukturell erklären und in einen weiteren ästhetischen Kontext der Naturerfahrung stellen. Ferner geht der Beitrag den Implikationen für die Frage nach der Attraktivität von Extremsportarten, für die Rolle von Imagination, Technik und Sicherheit sowie die Motive der Naturbezwingung und des sportlichen Grenzgängertums nach.
Diminishing the Legal Impact of Negative Social Attitudes Toward Acquaintance Rape Victims
Authors: Anderson Michelle J.
Published: November 2010

Rape law often condemns females who are not chaste and excuses males who act with sexual entitlement. Rape law has been a significant site for the valorization of female chastity and constraint, on the one hand, and male prowess and freedom, on the other. It continues to reflect the sexism of a culture resistant to ceding male control over sexuality. Legal reform of rape law over the past forty years has greatly helped those who experience stranger rape that includes violence extrinsic to the rape itself. However, this generation of reform did not sufficiently help those whose experiences are more common: those raped by acquaintances without extrinsic violence. To tackle this larger problem, the law must undergo another generation of renewal, one that works affirmatively to diminish the legal impact of negative social attitudes toward acquaintance rape victims. Tis article proposes a range of legal reforms to that end.
"And Always Keep A-hold of Nurse, for Fear of Finding Something Worse": Challenging Rape Myths in the Courtroom
Authors: Temkin Jennifer
Published: November 2010

Radical reform of the law of rape and the evidential rules surrounding it, changes in police procedures, the setting up of Sexual Assault Referral Centres and many other initiatives to assist victims in England and Wales, whilst entirely worthwhile in themselves, have achieved disappointing results in terms of boosting conviction rates. It is now acknowledged that more needs to be done to tackle the attitudinal problem that exists in society at large as well as in the courtroom with respect to rape cases. Tis article considers the value of judicial directions as one strategy for achieving this goal.
A Stranger in the Bushes, or an Elephant in the Room? Critical Reflections Upon Received Rape Myth Wisdom in the Context of a Mock Jury Study
Authors: Ellison Louise , Munro Vanessa E.
Published: November 2010

Commentators, even in contemporary times, have often insisted that the narrowness of public (and thus juror) conceptions of what constitutes sexual assault poses a significant obstacle to securing a conviction in rape cases. Tough empirically flawed, it is asserted that the popular image of "real rape" assumes the existence of–amongst other things–a stranger perpetrator, a public attack location, a use of violence by the assailant, and a show of physical resistance by the victim. Drawing on a mock jury study, in which 216 members of the public observed a mini–rape trial reconstruction and were asked to deliberate within jury groups toward a verdict, this article critically examines participants' subscription to this "real rape" prototype. It explores the extent to which jurors' reluctance to convict may be attributable to a more complex interplay of factors than is reflected in the simplistic charge that they assume an unduly narrow conception of what rape does, or could, look like. In addition, it critically reflects upon participants' perceptions of the prevalence of, and reasons for, women's false rape allegations. Juxtaposing participants' responses to predeliberation
Rape and Sexual Assault Education: Where is the Law?
Authors: Withey Carol
Published: November 2010

This article considers the effectiveness of rape awareness programs in reducing or preventing instances of rape. There is a plethora of existing research, which is briefly considered. Research in this area is usually based on the assumption that behavioral change requires a corresponding change in attitudes toward sexual behavior and rape. For this reason most research analyzes the effect of rape awareness programs on attitudinal change. It will be argued that rape prevention research needs to be approached from a different angle, and should consider whether individual sexual behavior can change in the absence of altered attitudes. Te premise here is that a sound knowledge of rape law may itself affect behavior. Tis is based on the empowering nature of knowledge, which may legitimize female sexual choices and deter men from offending behavior, even if rape myth acceptance remains. Tis perspective necessitates a shift in program content, where the focus is placed on the law governing rape. Te article considers recent research conducted from this alternative perspective and assesses the impact of the program on legal knowledge and sexual behavior. Te article concludes with a consideration of current efforts in the United Kingdom to tackle the prevention problem and offers suggestions for improving the content of rape awareness programs.
Rape, Attitudes, and Law Enforcement in South Africa
Authors: Rumney Philip N.S. , van der Bijl Charnelle
Published: November 2010

This article examines the nature of social attitudes toward adult rape in South Africa and the ways in which they may influence the response of criminal justice professionals to cases of rape. Tis article draws on a small study of law students who completed a questionnaire that sought to examine specific beliefs regarding rape victims and their behavior during and following rape. Te questionnaire examines issues that do not appear to have been explored within attitude surveys thus far in South Africa. Te findings from this survey, along with the wider research literature on attitudes toward rape, suggest that rape myths and stereotypes are widespread in South African society and that they are also shared by some criminal justice professionals. Te article also notes some encouraging trends in South Africa. In particular, the judiciary has shown clear disapproval of the institutional failure to protect victims of rape and sexual assault. Te judiciary has also explicitly rejected myths pertaining to the behavior of rape victims, which will be discussed in this article. Although these trends are encouraging, there remains a clear need to address the problem of rape myths and stereotypes both in the general population and within the criminal justice system.
Association between thyroid function tests at baseline and the outcome of patients with sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review
Authors: Angelousi Anna G , Karageorgopoulos Drosos E , Kapaskelis Anastasios M , Falagas Matthew E
Published: November 2010

Introduction

The severity of critical illness is associated with various patterns of thyroid hormone abnormalities. We sought to evaluate whether the outcome of patients with, specifically, sepsis or septic shock is associated with the thyroid function tests evaluated at diagnosis or admission in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

We performed a systematic review of relevant studies by searching PubMed.

Results

We included nine studies that all had a prospective cohort design. Seven involved children or neonates, and two involved adults. Mortality was the outcome evaluated in eight studies, while the length of ICU stay was evaluated in the remaining study. In univariate analysis, six of the nine included studies showed that either, free or total, triiodothyronine or thyroxine was lower in the group of patients with sepsis or septic shock who had unfavorable outcome than in those who had favorable outcome. Two other studies showed higher TSH values in the group of patients with unfavorable outcome. No significant relevant findings were observed in the remaining study. Regarding the correlation of sepsis prognostic scoring systems with thyroid function tests, the three studies that provided specific relevant data showed variable findings.

Discussion

Most of the relevant studies identified favor the concept that decreased thyroid function at baseline might be associated with a worse outcome of patients with sepsis or septic shock. Although these findings are not consistent, the role of thyroid function in affecting or merely predicting the outcome of sepsis or septic shock merits further investigation.
Beta cell function after weight loss: a clinical trial comparing gastric bypass surgery and intensive lifestyle intervention
Authors: Hofsø D , Jenssen T , Bollerslev J , Ueland T , Godang K , Stumvoll M , Sandbu R , Røislien J , Hjelmesæth J
Published: November 2010

Objective

The effects of various weight loss strategies on pancreatic beta cell function remain unclear. We aimed to compare the effect of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) on beta cell function.

Design

One year controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00273104).

Methods

One hundred and nineteen morbidly obese participants without known diabetes from the MOBIL study (mean (s.d.) age 43.6 (10.8) years, body mass index (BMI) 45.5 (5.6) kg/m2, 84 women) were allocated to RYGB (n=64) or ILI (n=55). The patients underwent repeated oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and were categorised as having either normal (NGT) or abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT). Twenty-nine normal-weight subjects with NGT (age 42.6 (8.7) years, BMI 22.6 (1.5) kg/m2, 19 women) served as controls. OGTT-based indices of beta cell function were calculated.

Results

One year weight reduction was 30 % (8) after RYGB and 9 % (10) after ILI (P<0.001). Disposition index (DI) increased in all treatment groups (all P<0.05), although more in the surgery groups (both P<0.001). Stimulated proinsulin-to-insulin (PI/I) ratio decreased in both surgery groups (both P<0.001), but to a greater extent in the surgery group with AGT at baseline (P<0.001). Post surgery, patients with NGT at baseline had higher DI and lower stimulated PI/I ratio than controls (both P<0.027).

Conclusions

Gastric bypass surgery improved beta cell function to a significantly greater extent than ILI. Supra-physiological insulin secretion and proinsulin processing may indicate excessive beta cell function after gastric bypass surgery.
The effects of a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet on markers of uterine contractility during parturition in the rat
Authors: Elmes M J , Tan D S-Y , Cheng Z , Wathes D C , McMullen S
Published: November 2010

Increasing levels of obesity within women of reproductive age is a major concern in the UK. Approximately, 13% of women aged <30 and 22% of 31- to 40-year-old women are obese. Obesity increases complications during pregnancy and the risk of caesarean section due to prolonged labour and poor uterine activity. The aim was to investigate whether a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet decreases markers of uterine contractility during parturition in the rat. Female Wistar rats were fed control (CON,n=10) or HFHC (n=10) diets for 6 weeks. Animals were mated and, once pregnant, maintained on their diet throughout gestation. On gestational day 19, rats were monitored continuously and killed at the onset of parturition. Body and fat depot weights were recorded. Myometrial tissue was analysed for cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TAG), and expression of the contractile associated proteins gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1; also known as connexin-43, CX-43), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2; also known as cyclo-oxygenase-2, COX-2) and caveolin-1 (CAV1) and maternal plasma for prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) and progesterone. HFHC fed rats gained greater weight than CON (P<0.003) with significant increases in peri-renal fat (P<0.01). The HFHC diet increased plasma CHOL, TAG and progesterone, but decreased PGF2αversus CON (P<0.01,P<0.01,P=0.05 andP<0.02 respectively). Total CHOL and TAG levels of uterine tissue were similar. However, HFHC fed rats showed significant increases in PTGS2 (P<0.037), but decreases in GJA1 and CAV1 (P=0.059). In conclusion, a HFHC diet significantly increases body weight and alters lipid profiles that correlate with decreases in key markers of uterine contractility. Further work is required to ascertain whether these changes have adverse effects on uterine activity.
Antagonistic Interactions Between the cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase and Tor Signaling Pathways Modulate Cell Growth inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ramachandran Vidhya , Herman Paul K
Published: November 2010

Eukaryotic cells integrate information from multiple sources to respond appropriately to changes in the environment. Here, we examined the relationship between two signaling pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are essential for the coordination of cell growth with nutrient availability. These pathways involve the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and Tor proteins, respectively. Although these pathways control a similar set of processes important for growth, it was not clear how their activities were integrated in vivo. The experiments here examined this coordination and, in particular, tested whether the PKA pathway was primarily a downstream effector of the TORC1 signaling complex. Using a number of reporters for the PKA pathway, we found that the inhibition of TORC1 did not result in diminished PKA signaling activity. To the contrary, decreased TORC1 signaling was generally associated with elevated levels of PKA activity. Similarly, TORC1 activity appeared to increase in response to lower levels of PKA signaling. Consistent with these observations, we found that diminished PKA signaling partially suppressed the growth defects associated with decreased TORC1 activity. In all, these data suggested that the PKA and TORC1 pathways were functioning in parallel to promote cell growth and that each pathway might restrain, either directly or indirectly, the activity of the other. The potential significance of this antagonism for the regulation of cell growth and overall fitness is discussed.
Impact of Income and Income Inequality on Infant Health Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Olson Maren E. , Diekema Douglas , Elliott Barbara A. , Renier Colleen M.
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVES:

The goal was to investigate the relationships of income and income inequality with neonatal and infant health outcomes in the United States.

METHODS:

The 2000–2004 state data were extracted from the Kids Count Data Center. Health indicators included proportion of preterm births (PTBs), proportion of infants with low birth weight (LBW), proportion of infants with very low birth weight (VLBW), and infant mortality rate (IMR). Income was evaluated on the basis of median family income and proportion of federal poverty levels; income inequality was measured by using the Gini coefficient. Pearson correlations evaluated associations between the proportion of children living in poverty and the health indicators. Linear regression evaluated predictive relationships between median household income, proportion of children living in poverty, and income inequality for the 4 health indicators.

RESULTS:

Median family income was negatively correlated with all birth outcomes (PTB, r = −0.481; LBW, r = −0.295; VLBW, r = −0.133; IMR, r = −0.432), and the Gini coefficient was positively correlated (PTB, r = 0.339; LBW, r = 0.398; VLBW, r = 0.460; IMR, r = 0.114). The Gini coefficient explained a significant proportion of the variance in rate for each outcome in linear regression models with median family income. Among children living in poverty, the role of income decreased as the degree of poverty decreased, whereas the role of income inequality increased.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both income and income inequality affect infant health outcomes in the United States. The health of the poorest infants was affected more by absolute wealth than relative wealth.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Lactobacillus GG in Children With Functional Abdominal Pain
Authors: Francavilla Ruggiero , Miniello Vito , Magistà Anna Maria , De Canio Angela , Bucci Nunzia , Gagliardi Francesca , Lionetti Elena , Castellaneta Stefania , Polimeno Lorenzo , Peccarisi Lucia , Indrio Flavia , Cavallo Luciano
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:

Our aim was to determine whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) relieves symptoms in children with recurrent abdominal pain.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A total of 141 children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional pain were enrolled in 9 primary care sites and a referral center. Children entered a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and received LGG or placebo for 8 weeks and entered follow-up for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was overall pain at the end of the intervention period. At entry and at the end of the trial, children underwent a double-sugar intestinal permeability test.

RESULTS:

Compared with baseline, LGG, but not placebo, caused a significant reduction of both frequency (P < .01) and severity (P < .01) of abdominal pain. These differences still were significant at the end of follow-up (P < .02 and P < .001, respectively). At week 12, treatment success was achieved in 48 children in the LGG group compared with 37 children in the placebo group (P < .03); this difference still was present at the end of follow-up (P < .03). At entry, 59% of the children had abnormal results from the intestinal permeability test; LGG, but not placebo, determined a significant decrease in the number of patients with abnormal results from the intestinal permeability testing (P < .03). These effects mainly were in children with IBS.

CONCLUSIONS:

LGG significantly reduces the frequency and severity of abdominal pain in children with IBS; this effect is sustained and may be secondary to improvement of the gut barrier.
Genetically Confirmed CADASIL in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Cleves Catalina , Friedman Neil R. , Rothner A. David , Hussain Muhammad S.
Published: November 2010

A 17-year-old girl presented with migraine with prolonged aura and aura without headache. Neurologic examination was normal. Her mother, who did not have a history of migraine, developed right-face and -arm numbness at the age of 45. Evaluation revealed white matter changes consistent with CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy), and genetic testing showed a Notch3 gene mutation consistent with CADASIL. Our patient's MRI revealed white matter changes and the same Notch3 gene mutation. Low-dose aspirin was started in an attempt to prevent stroke. CADASIL is considered a degenerative disease of adult onset that leads to progressive neurologic deterioration. Onset of symptoms is in the third decade. Migraine, one of its most common manifestations, can develop in childhood. Evaluation for secondary causes is warranted in select pediatric patients who present with atypical migraine, when there is a family history of CADASIL or atypical patterns such as aura without headache, or in the presence of white matter abnormalities. The pathophysiology of CADASIL is poorly understood, and there is no proven effective therapy. Patients require genetic counseling and close follow-up. It is not known if interventions such as antiplatelet therapy are beneficial if instituted early in the course of the disease. Screening of family members at risk for CADASIL, even in the pediatric population, should be considered and offered to patients with CADASIL and their families. CADASIL has rarely been described in the pediatric population. This case report expands our current understanding of the disorder in children.
Trends in Cause-Specific Mortality at a Canadian Outborn NICU
Authors: Simpson Charles David Andrew , Ye Xiang Y. , Hellmann Jonathan , Tomlinson Chris
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:

To retrospectively review changes in the causes of death of infants dying in the NICU at Canada's largest outborn pediatric center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

All inpatient deaths at the Hospital for Sick Children's NICU that occurred in the years 1997, 2002, and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed to identify the primary cause of death. Classification of the cause of death was based on a modified version of the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand's Neonatal Death Classification.

RESULTS:

The annual mortality rate remained relatively constant (average of 7.6 deaths per 100 admissions between 1988 and 2007). A total of 156 deaths were analyzed: 53 in 1997; 50 in 2002; and 53 in 2007. The chronological age at which premature infants died increased significantly over the 3 time periods (P = .01). The proportion of deaths attributable to extreme prematurity and intraventricular hemorrhage decreased over the study period, whereas the proportion of deaths attributed to gastrointestinal causes (specifically necrotizing enterocolitis and focal intestinal perforation) increased. The proportion of infants for whom there was a decision to limit care before death was stable at between 83% and 92%.

CONCLUSIONS:

A larger proportion of outborn premature infants admitted to the Hospital for Sick Children's NICU seem to be surviving the early problems of prematurity only to succumb to late complications.
Utterance Final Position and Projection of Femininity in Japanese
Authors: Hiramoto Mie
Published: November 2010

Japanese female speakers’ frequent use of suprasegmental features such as higher pitch, longer duration, rising intonation and wider pitch ranges compared to male speakers, are often recognized as key prosodic cues of Japanese women’s language (JWL). Although many existing studies on JWL focus on the use of gender-related pragmatic features such as sentence final particles (SFP), most of these do not take detailed prosodic information into account in their analysis. This study suggests that speakers can manipulate utterance-final prosody, to project femininity and that it is an especially effective technique given the salience of the utterance-fi nal position when marking pragmatic information in Japanese. Th e data indicates that this position is a focal point of JWL prosody regardless of the gender neutrality of SFPs, or even the absence of SFPs altogether.
Popular music, mapping, and the characterization of Liverpool
Authors: Lashua Brett , Cohen Sara , Schofield John
Published: November 2010

Liverpool is widely recognized for its iconic ‘Three Graces’—a trio of grand buildings that stand along the city’s River Mersey waterfront. In this article we argue that there are a similar kind of iconic ‘three graces’ in Liverpool’s popular music and heritage landscapes: the Cavern Club, Eric’s Club, and Cream. These three venues have taken on broader symbolic meanings as representative of entire musical styles and eras. As such they dominate the histories of the city’s music-making cultures, producing (and reproduced through) a variety of representations, texts and mappings of the city’s musical past. This paper draws from ethnographic materials gathered through a two-year research project to decentre this ‘master page’ or ‘master map’ of the three graces with a series of mappings of Liverpool’s popular music heritage that calls attention to hidden or alternative histories of the city that are less often mapped.
Compost city
Authors: Keeffe Greg
Published: November 2010

This paper looks at the recent history of Hulme, Manchester, which during the 1980s was home to many of the most successful bands of the post-punk era. This flourishing of underground music was not planned, however. It emerged through a complex network of urban forces, some physical, some social. The paper develops the concept of the ‘compost city’, a laissez-faire approach to the management of urban culture which is oppositional to the current vogue for more hands-on cultural industries management.
Low-frequency noise and urban space
Authors: Johnson Bruce
Published: November 2010

Investigation of the sonic environment of the contemporary city suggests that there is a profound dissonance between the profile of contemporary popular music and the physical character of the urban built environment itself, resulting in living conditions that are in significant respects rebarbative. Central to this problem is the increasing presence of low-frequency noise (LFN) in the urban landscape in general and in popular music in particular. Concerns about noise pollution have grown rapidly since the late twentieth century, manifesting themselves in the actions of private lobby groups as well as in government environmental policies. LFN pollution, however, has been largely camouflaged under questions of volume. In fact, the usual systems of measurement of noise pollution are largely ineffective for LFN, which also has its own distinctive aetiology which produces serious trauma and even death. The proliferation of LFN trauma appears to be the fastest growing component of noise pollution. This paper explores LFN, why it is so distinctively threatening to wellbeing, why it has only recently become so pervasive as to have generated its own proliferating research literature, and why it is such a prominent problem in the convergence of the modern city and contemporary popular music.
120 Infrabony Defects Treated With Regenerative Therapy: Long‐Term Results
Authors: Silvestri Maurizio , Rasperini Giulio , Milani Stefano
Published: November 2010

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the long‐term benefits of regenerative therapy and which factors (i.e., smoking, oral hygiene, radiographic angle, tooth, clinical center, and biomaterial) influence results.

Methods: A total of 120 infrabony defects were treated with guided tissue regeneration using bioabsorbable and non‐resorbable membranes with grafts or enamel matrix derivative (EMD) proteins. At baseline, smoking, x‐ray angle, probing depth (PD), recession, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. CAL was measured 1 year post‐surgery and every 2 years for ≤16 years. The participation of patients in oral hygiene protocols was recorded.

Results: The mean ± SD baseline CAL was 8.5 ± 2.3 mm, baseline PD was 7.8 ± 2.1 mm, and baseline x‐ray angle was 31.8° ± 8.9°. One year post‐surgery, CAL gain was 4.1 ± 2.1 mm. EMD was used in 47 defects, bioabsorbable membranes with deproteinized bovine bone were used in 41 cases, non‐resorbable membranes were used in seven defects, bioabsorbable membranes and autogenous bone were used in five defects, and a combination was used in 20 defects. A total of 10% of subjects were smokers, and 20% of subjects did not participate in an oral hygiene program. The average follow‐up was 9 years. A total of 90% teeth survival was achieved at 13 years, and CAL gain was maintained at 82% for 11 years. Statistical analyses demonstrated that smoking and oral hygiene maintenance influenced long‐term outcomes. The x‐ray angle, tooth, clinical center, and biomaterials did not influence results.

Conclusions: Regenerative therapy provided a high percentage of long‐term success. Smoking and non‐participation in oral hygiene maintenance negatively influenced the prognosis, whereas other factors did not affect long‐term results.
Use of Anorganic Bovine‐Derived Hydroxyapatite Matrix/Cell‐Binding Peptide (P‐15) in the Treatment Isolated Class I Gingival Recession of Defects: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nazareth Carlos A. , Cury Patricia R.
Published: November 2010

Background: This study clinically evaluates the treatment outcome of coronally positioned flap (CPF) associated with anorganic bone mineral/peptide‐15 (ABM/P‐15) in terms of root coverage and gain in clinical attachment level (CAL) and bone height (BH) in isolated Class I gingival recession (GR) defects.

Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects with bilateral and comparable Miller Class I GR defects were selected. The defects were randomly assigned either to the test group (CPF with ABM/P‐15) or to the control group (CPF only).

Results: Six months after surgery, a reduction in GR was observed in the test and control groups (2.20 ± 0.54 and 2.40 ± 0.80 mm, respectively; P <0.001) with no intergroup difference (P = 0.33). Complete root coverage was obtained in 10 and 11 defects in the test and control groups, respectively. In the test group 85.56% ± 21.69% and in the control group 90.00% ± 18.42% of the exposed root was covered. Although not clinically significant, a statistically greater increase in the gingival thickness was observed in the test group (0.03 mm; P = 0.01). CAL gain was significant in both groups (test group, 1.93 ± 0.44 mm; control group, 2.13 ± 1.15 mm; P <0.001) with no intergroup difference (P = 0.42). Intergroup and intragroup differences in width of keratinized tissue and BH were not significant (P ≥0.16). In the test group, a positive correlation was observed between BH at baseline and the reduction in GR (r = 0.56; P = 0.03).

Conclusions: In isolated Class I GR defects, CPF associated with ABM/P‐15 provided no significant difference in root coverage and CAL gain compared to CPF alone. In the ABM/P‐15 group, a greater reduction in GR was associated with higher bone level at baseline.
Economic Development of North Korea: International Trade Based Development Policy and Legal Reform
Authors: Lee Y.S. , Kim Young-Ok , Mun Hye Seong
Published: November 2010

This article provides a rare account of the law and development policies of North Korea. Much of North Korea has not been known to the outside world except its nuclear ambitions and political clashes with the United States and its allies. Little known to the outside world, North Korea achieved rapid economic development in the 1950s through early 60s, through effective mobilization of resources. However, since the 70s, North Korea experienced economic downturns that eventually led to its economic crisis in the 90s. This chapter provides a discussion of North Korea's early economic success and the subsequent problems that it experienced. The article also provides an analysis of possible economic reforms, public health and development issues, and the role of international trade in economic development in North Korea.
Estrogen-Free Oral Hormonal Contraception: Benefits of the Progestin-Only Pill
Authors: de Melo Nilson Roberto
Published: November 2010

Although combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are commonly used and highly effective in preventing pregnancy, they may not be suitable for some women. COC use is associated with increased rates of cardiovascular events and is not recommended in nonbreastfeeding women in the immediate postpartum period or in breastfeeding women during the initial 6 months of breastfeeding. Moreover, estrogen-related adverse effects, such as headache, are common. Estrogen-free progestin-only pills (POPs) are a valuable option in women who prefer to take an oral hormonal contraceptive, but are ineligible for, or choose not to use, COCs. Although some POPs have been associated with lower contraceptive effectiveness than COCs, the POP containing desogestrel has shown similar contraceptive effectiveness to COCs. The most commonly reported complaints in women using all POPs are bleeding problems. Counseling women interested in using POPs about the variable bleeding patterns associated with this method may improve compliance and acceptance.
Effect of Surface Preparation on Bond Strength of Resin Luting Cements to Dentin
Authors: Peerzada F. , Yiu C. K. Y. , Hiraishi N. , Tay F. R. , King N. M.
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance

For Panavia F2.0, higher bond strengths are achieved on dentin surfaces prepared with tungsten carbide bur. Proper bur selection is essential to optimize dentin adhesion of self-etch resin luting cements.
Protective Effect of Resin Coating on the Microleakage of Class V Restorations Following Treatment with Carbamide Peroxide In Vitro
Authors: Yu H. , Li Q. , Attin T. , Wang Y.
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance

Carbamide peroxide treatment increased the microleakage of Class V conventional glass-ionomer cement and resin modified glass-ionomer cement restorations. The resin coating is an effective method to avoid bleaching-induced microleakage without affecting the bleaching outcome.
In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluations of Microleakage Around Class I Amalgam and Composite Restorations
Authors: Alptekin T. , Ozer F. , Unlu N. , Cobanoglu N. , Blatz M. B.
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance

The lining of amalgam restorations showed no significant effect on microleakage around restoration margins. In vivo and in vitro evaluations confirmed that microleakage was higher in resin composite restorations than in amalgam.
Bond Strength Comparison of Amalgam Repair Protocols Using Resin Composite in Situations With and Without Dentin Exposure
Authors: Özcan M. , Schoonbeek G. , Gökçe B. , Çömlekoglu E. , Dündar M.
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance

For reliable repair of amalgam restorations, including dentin fractures, the amalgam surface should first be silica coated; dentin/enamel should be etched, washed and rinsed thoroughly. Then, amalgam should be silanized and primer/bonding should be applied onto dentin.
Effect of Pre-heated Composites and Flowable Liners on Class II Gingival Margin Gap Formation
Authors: Sabatini C. , Blunck U. , Denehy G. , Munoz C.
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance

The use of reduced viscosity composites, such as flowable and pre-heated resins, as the first increment in Class II preparations, did not improve gingival margin adaptation nor did it minimize gap formation at the dentin-composite interface.
Adhesive Quality of Self-adhesive and Conventional Adhesive Resin Cement to Y-TZP Ceramic Before and After Aging Conditions
Authors: Passos S. P. , May L. G. , Barca D. C. , Özcan M. , Bottino M. A. , Valandro L. F.
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance

Chairside tribochemical silica coating and silanization on the YTZP surface appears to be essential to adhere this substrate to resin cements. Cleaning with isopropanol promotes weak and unstable resin adhesion.
Microsatellite based DNA fingerprinting of 28 local rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman MS , Sohag MKH , Rahman L
Published: November 2010

A total of 28 local rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Bangladesh were selected for DNA fingerprinting with seven microsatellite DNA markers. Upon PCR amplification the alleles were separated on Agarose gel using a sequencing gel electrophoresis system. The loci were polymorphic (P95) in all of the varieties. Variation was found in number of alleles, allele frequency, observed and expected heterozygosity. The primer, RM335 having motif (CTT)20 also yielded highest number of alleles (15) and highest PIC value (0.909). Genetic differentiation (Fst) values were found in the ranges 0.84 to 1.00 with an average of 0.92 and gene flow (Nm) values ranged from 0.047 to 0.00 with an average of 0.02. High level genetic differentiation and low level gene flow values in 28 rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties which were indicated of diversity among the varieties as most of these varieties were of landraces. Over all Nei’s genetic distance value (D) ranged from nil to 2.56 among 378 varietals pairs resulting as a means of permutation combination of 28 rice varieties. The UPGMA dendrograme based on Nei's genetic distance placed the varieties into different clusters. All of the varieties were identified with at least one and/or combination of 7 primers. Keywords: Microsatellites; DNA fingerprinting; Oryza sativa; Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6391J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 7-17, 2010
Evaluation of some management practices for the suppression of cucurbit fruit fly in bitter gourd
Authors: Akram M Wasim , Rahman MM , Ali R
Published: November 2010

The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University farm, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from March to June 2007 with seven treatments viz; T1: Hand picking of infested fruits of bitter gourd at 7 days interval; T2: Neem seed kernel at 5 gm/l of water at 5 days interval +T1; T3: Spray of shobicron 425EC @ 2ml/l of water at 7 days interval + T1; T4: Micronutrient-Zn @ 6.72kg/ha; T5: Micronutrient-B @ 1.96kg/ha; T6: Micronutrient Zn + B and T7: Untreated control. The lowest fruit infestation (13.78%) by weight was recorded from the treatment T2, while the highest (46.09%) fruit infestation by weight was recorded from T7 untreated control. The highest (85.00) number of fruits per plot was recorded for T2 treated plots while the lowest (61.00) number of fruits per plot was recorded from the untreated control T7. The application of neem seed kernel at 5 days interval + hand picking of infested fruits in T2 treated plots gave the highest yield (12.88 t/ha) while it was lowest (10.02 t/ha) in T7 untreated control plots. The combined application of micronutrients was more effective in T6 than the single application of micronutrients in T4 and T5 respectively. The results of economic analysis of bitter gourd showed that the highest benefit cost ratio (9.44) was estimated for T6 treatment and the lowest (1.06) benefit cost ration for T3 treatment. Among the different treatments neem seed kernel at 5 days interval + hand picking of infested fruits in T2 treated plots was more effective than the insecticide Shobicron 425 EC at 7 days interval + hand picking of infested fruits followed by the T6 treated plots in combination of micronutrients Zn +B. Keywords: Cucurbit fruit fly; Bitter gourd; Various management practices DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6393J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 23-28, 2010
Effects of administration of multivitamins and enzymes for broilers either singly or in combination on body weight and haematobiochemical parameters
Authors: Paul RC , Ahmad N , Moinuddin MA , Hasan N
Published: November 2010

The experiment was conducted on “Lohman Meat” broiler chicks to evaluate the effect of exogenous multivitamin and enzyme supplementation on body weight gain, haematological parameters (TEC, Hb content, PCV and ESR) and serum transaminases (AST and ALT). A total of 20, twenty days old broilers were randomly divided into four equal groups (5×4). Group A was considered as control, fed only with commercial ration, group B was treated at a dose rate of 0.5 ml multivitamins per 1 litre of drinking water, group C was treated at a dose rate of 1 ml enzyme per litre of drinking water and group D was treated with multivitamin @ 0.5 ml/L and Enzyme @ 1ml/ L in water from 1 to 21 days of experiment. It was observed that multivitamin and enzyme supplementation significantly (p<0.01) increased body weight. TEC, PCV and Hb content increased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated groups as compared to that of control group. ESR, AST and ALT values decreased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated groups. Therefore, it may be concluded that multivitamin and enzyme may be used with better performances in terms of increase of body weight and blood profiles. Keywords: Multivitamins and enzymes; Effects; Broiler DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6396J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 39-44, 2010
Study on the socio-economic condition and productive performances of backyard chicken in some selected areas of Pabna district
Authors: Sumy MC , Khokon MSI , Islam MM , Talukder S
Published: November 2010

The study was carried out to investigate backyard chicken production systems in three areas (Bera, Santhia and Sujanagar Thana) of Pabna district. A total of 150 households were selected, from three thana, each having 5 villages and 10 households per village. Stratified random sampling technique was followed to collect data. The hatchability rate was 89, 88.5 and 85 percent in Sujanagar, Santhia and Bera, respectively. The percentage of egg production was 68% in Sujanagar, 72% in Santhia and 75% in Bera Thana. The differences in hatchability and egg production between the three areas were significant. Family wise and per bird total income was Tk. 2124.00 and Tk. 223.95, respectively which is higher than the net cost of Tk. 1324.23 and Tk. 138.70, respectively. The BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) in family wise and per bird wise was 1.60 and 1.61 respectively. It indicates that if backyard chicken rearers invest Tk.1.0 then they can earn Tk.1.60. So, family wise profit was Tk. 0.60 & per bird basis was Tk. 0.61. The results indicate that backyard chicken rearing is profitable for the farmers in those areas. Vaccinations and balanced diets have a decisive effect on chicken rearing, providing quality products for human consumption and reducing nutritional deficiencies and poverty of the country. Keywords: Backyard chicken; Egg production; Hatchability; Benefit cost ratio DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6397J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 45-50, 2010
Esterase variability in different tissues of Naked Neck Fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) of Bangladesh using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Authors: Akter QS , Muid KA , Tareq KMA , Khandoker MAMY
Published: November 2010

Naked neck fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) comprises one of the indigenous chicken populations in Bangladesh. The present investigation was conducted to study the polymorphic pattern of the estrase isozyme in different tissues of the fowl by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) system. In this experiment, α-napthyle and β-napthyle acetate were used as substrate. Esterase variability of different samples of fore brain, mid brain, hind brain, heart brain, liver, testis, oesophagus, gizzard, bile ducts, proventiculus, small intestine, large intestine pectoral muscle, pelvic muscle, lung, eye, kidney, pancreas, body muscle and blood cells were examined. Altogether four esterase bands were observed and the bands were designated as Esterase Est-1 2.0, Est-21.0 Est-30.75 and Est-40.15. Among the four bands Est-1 was the fastest and placed near to anode (+) electrode. Esterase showed tissue specific variation. Est-2 was found in almost all tissues, whereas Est-1 was observed only in liver. Est-3 and Est-4 were expressed exclusively in the nervous system especially in brain. Such findings may provide basic information to analyze the esterase activity in different tissues. Keywords: Esterase; Isozyme; Naked neck fowl; Tissue DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6398J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 51-55, 2010
Growth performance of Red Chittagong and Holstein crossbred bull calves using growth promoter
Authors: Sarker MK , Amin MR , Harun-ur-Rashid M , Kabir AKMA
Published: November 2010

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effect of growth promoter 'Megavit-DB' on growth performance of indigenous Red Chittagong (RC) and Holstein Crossbred (HC) bull calves. For this purpose, six RC and six HC bull calves were assigned into four treatment groups having three calves in each as RCT0 (RC without Megavit-DB), RCT1 (RC with Megavit-DB), HCT0 (HC without Megavit-DB) and HCT1 (HC with Megavit-DB). The daily DM intake of different treatment groups were found almost similar. The daily average live weight gains were 0.27±0.05, 0.36±0.01, 0.36±0.01 and 0.45±0.05 kg/d, feed conversion efficiency were 9.08±0.16, 7.47±1.07, 7.13±1.24 and 6.16±0.27 and the average net returns (Tk.) were 1473.33±87, 2060±76.38, 1910±86.60 and 2776.67±44.10 for RCT0, RCT1, HCT0 and HCT1 treatment groups, respectively. The daily average live weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were significantly (p<0.05) higher in HCT1 than that from RCT1, HCT0 and RCT0. Accordingly, the average net returns were found significantly (p<0.05) higher in HCT1 than RCT1, HCT0 and RCT0. It may be concluded that Megavit-DB may have the potentials to improve growth performance of both HC and RC and may be used in cattle fattening program. Keywords: Growth performance; Red Chittagong; Holstein Crossbred; Megavit-DB DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6403J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 83-86, 2010
Comparative study of the performance of buffalo calves and cow calves by feeding Urea Molasses Block with straw based diet
Authors: Ferdousi S , Masum AKM , Khan MAS , Islam MA
Published: November 2010

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of buffalo calves and cow calves supplementing Urea Molasses Block (UMB) with straw based diet. Three cow calves (average 1 year & 8 months age and 111 kg body weight) and three buffalo calves (average 1 year & 10 months age and 89 kg body weight) were grouped into A and B, respectively and fed for 60 days. It was found that, the DMI (kg/h/d) was 5.66±1.18 and 6.10±0.99, respectively in group A and B (p>0.05). The DMI in 1st and 2nd fortnight of the experiment in group A and B were 5.77±0.31 and 6.17±0.33; 4.96±0.43 and 5.77±0.39, respectively (p<0.01). But, the DMI in 3rd and 4th fortnight differs nonsignificantly (p>0.05). At the end of the experiment, the final body weight for group A and group B were 132.6±11.96 and 113±8.19 kg, respectively (p>0.05). The body weight gain per day for both groups were 0.36±0.05 and 0.40±0.05 kg, respectively (p>0.05). The average heart girth gain per day in group A and group B were 0.24±0.02 and 0.30±0.03 cm, respectively (p>0.05). The average wither height gain per day was 0.075±0.005 and 0.059±0.005 cm in group A and B, respectively (p<0.05). The average body length gain per day for group A and group B were 0.31±0.03 and 0.36±0.04 cm, respectively (p>0.05). The growth performance of buffalo calves is better than cow calves by feeding UMB with straw based diet. Keywords: UMB; Body weight; Heart girth; Wither height; Body length DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6404J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 87-90, 2010
Forecasting of boro rice production in Bangladesh: An ARIMA approach
Authors: Rahman NMF
Published: November 2010

The study was undertaken to examine the best fitted ARIMA model that could be used to make efficient forecast boro rice production in Bangladesh from 2008-09 to 2012-13. It appeared from the study that local, modern and total boro time series are 1st order homogenous stationary. It is found from the study that the ARIMA (0,1,0) ARIMA (0,1,3) and ARIMA (0,1,2) are the best for local, modern and total boro rice production respectively. It is observed from the analysis that short term forecasts are more efficient for ARIMA models. The production uncertainty of boro rice can be minimizing if production can be forecasted well and necessary steps can be taken against losses. The government and producer as well use ARIMA methods to forecast future production more accurately in the short run. Keywords: Production; ARIMA model; Forecasting. DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6406J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 103-112, 2010