bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Airway Management in the Operating Room and Interventional Suites in Known or Suspected COVID-19 Adult Patients: A Practical Review
Authors: Thiruvenkatarajan Venkatesan , Wong David T. , Kothandan Harikrishnan , Sekhar Vimal , Adhikary Sanjib Das , Currie John , Van Wijk Roelof M.
Published: June 2020

Current evidence suggests that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread occurs via respiratory droplets (particles >5 µm) and possibly through aerosol. The rate of transmission remains high during airway management. This was evident during the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic where those who were involved in tracheal intubation had a higher risk of infection than those who were not involved (odds ratio 6.6). We describe specific airway management principles for patients with known or suspected COVID-19 disease for an array of critical care and procedural settings. We conducted a thorough search of the available literature of airway management of COVID-19 across a variety of international settings. In addition, we have analyzed various medical professional body recommendations for common procedural practices such as interventional cardiology, gastroenterology, and pulmonology. A systematic process that aims to protect the operators involved via appropriate personal protective equipment, avoidance of unnecessary patient contact and minimalization of periprocedural aerosol generation are key components to successful airway management. For operating room cases requiring general anesthesia or complex interventional procedures, tracheal intubation should be the preferred option. For interventional procedures, when tracheal intubation is not indicated, cautious conscious sedation appears to be a reasonable approach. Awake intubation should be avoided unless it is absolutely necessary. Extubation is a high-risk procedure for aerosol and droplet spread and needs thorough planning and preparation. As updates and modifications in the management of COVID-19 are still evolving, local guidelines, appraised at regular intervals, are vital in optimizing clinical management.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy with a single isocentre for multiple pulmonary metastases
Authors: Nakamura Ryuji , Sugawara Jun , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Kakuhara Hisao , Kikuchi Koyo , Ariga Hisanori
Published: June 2020

A 45-year-old male developed a second set of pulmonary metastases 5 years after surgery for extraskeletal mucinous chondrosarcoma of the left shoulder. He already underwent a lobectomy and two segmentectomies for a first set of pulmonary metastases 2 years ago. The closely grouped three nodules within the left lower lung formed a planning target volume (PTV) for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with a single isocentre, which was focused on the centre of the largest nodule (the simultaneous plan). Dose-volume histogram analysis confirmed that the plan was superior to an alternative plan, in which SBRT plans would have been produced for each individual tumour (the individual plan). The mean, maximum and minimum PTV doses were 54.0, 57.5 and 47.3 Gy, respectively, in the simultaneous plan, and 65.6, 87.2 and 52.3 Gy, respectively, in the individual plan. The homogeneity index, conformity index, and the maximum dose delivered to the surrounding healthy lung were 1.21, 0.71, and 37.7 Gy, respectively, in the simultaneous plan and 1.66, 4.44, and 46.2 Gy, respectively, in the individual plan. The patient developed Grade two pneumonitis, but remained healthy until 4 years after the SBRT. When multiple closely grouped metastases are treated using SBRT, the use of a single isocentre should be considered.
QUAD shot: an effective cyclical hypofractionated palliative radiotherapy for salivary gland carcinoma
Authors: Toya Ryo , Saito Tetsuo , Matsuyama Tomohiko , Watakabe Takahiro , Yamaguchi Kohsei , Murakami Daizo , Honda Yumi , Mizutari Sachiko , Orita Yorihisa , Oya Natsuo
Published: June 2020

Surgery with or without post-operative radiotherapy is the mainstay treatment for salivary gland carcinoma (SGC); however, palliative radiotherapy or supportive observation is considered for elderly patients. An 87-year-old female who was diagnosed with SGC in the left parotid gland, with a clinical stage T4aN2bM0 Stage IVA, underwent the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 8502 “QUAD shot” regimen (14.8 Gy/4 fractions, twice-daily treatment with a 6 h interval, on 2 consecutive days), which were repeated every 4 weeks 3 times using volumetric modulated arc therapy. During and after the treatment, she experienced no acute toxicity but had Grade 1 xerostomia. At 4 months after completion of the treatment, [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/CT revealed a complete metabolic response to the treatment. She is still alive without any evidence of recurrence 9 months after completion of the treatment. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 8502 “QUAD shot” regimen using VMAT may be an effective palliative treatment for SGC with minimal toxicity.
Cone beam computed tomography in dentomaxillofacial radiology: a two-decade overview
Authors: Gaêta-Araujo Hugo , Alzoubi Tamara , Vasconcelos Karla de Faria , Orhan Kaan , Pauwels Ruben , Casselman Jan W , Jacobs Reinhilde
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate and summarise features of currently and formerly available cone beam CT (CBCT) devices from 1996 to 2019. Additionally, a recommendation for standardised reporting of CBCT characteristics was provided.

Methods and materials:

Information about the features of all available CBCT devices was obtained from the manufacturers’ available data. Moreover, site visits to newly developed CBCT machines’ manufacturers were performed in order to obtain relevant information.

Results:

A total of 279 CBCT models from 47 manufacturers located in 12 countries (Brazil, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Slovakia, Thailand, and USA) could be listed. Overall, wide variations in CBCT features and technical specifications were identified.

Conclusions:

CBCT in dentomaxillofacial radiology is a generic term applicable to a broad range of CBCT machines and features. Experimental outcomes and literature statements regarding radiation doses, imaging performance and diagnostic applicability of dental CBCT cannot be simply transferred from one CBCT model to another considering a wide variation in technical characteristics and clinical diagnostic performance. The information tabulated in the present study will be later provided on the International Association of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology website ( www.iadmfr.one ).
Human umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome in combination with atorvastatin enhances endothelial progenitor cells proliferation and migration
Authors: Oktaviono Yudi Her , Hutomo Suryo Ardi , Al-Farabi Makhyan Jibril , Chouw Angliana , Sandra Ferry
Published: June 2020

Background: Human umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cell (hUCB-MSC)-derived secretome is known to be able to promote neovascularization and angiogenesis, so it is also thought to have a capability to modulate endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) functions. Atorvastatin is the cornerstone of coronary artery disease (CAD) treatment which can enhance EPCs proliferation and migration. This study aims to analyze the effect of the hUCB-MSC-derived secretome and its combination with atorvastatin toward EPCs proliferation and migration.

Methods: EPCs were isolated from a CAD patient’s peripheral blood. Cultured EPCs were divided into a control group and treatment group of 2.5 µM atorvastatin, hUCB-MSC-derived secretome (2%, 10%, and 20% concentration) and its combination. EPCs proliferation was evaluated using an MTT cell proliferation assay, and EPC migration was evaluated using a Transwell migration assay kit.

Results: This research showed that hUCB-MSC-derived secretomes significantly increase EPC proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner. The high concentration of hUCB-MSC-derived secretome were shown to be superior to atorvastatin in inducing EPC proliferation and migration (p<0.001). A combination of the hUCB-MSC-derived secretome and atorvastatin shown to improve EPCs proliferation and migration compared to hUCB-MSC-derived secretome treatment or atorvastatin alone (p<0.001).

Conclusions: This study concluded that the hUCB-MSC-derived secretome work synergistically with atorvastatin treatment in improving EPCs proliferation and migration.
What settings have been linked to SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters?
Authors: Leclerc Quentin J. , Fuller Naomi M. , Knight Lisa E. ,   CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Funk Sebastian , Knight Gwenan M.
Published: June 2020

Background: Concern about the health impact of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in widespread enforced reductions in people’s movement (“lockdowns”). However, there are increasing concerns about the severe economic and wider societal consequences of these measures. Some countries have begun to lift some of the rules on physical distancing in a stepwise manner, with differences in what these “exit strategies” entail and their timeframes. The aim of this work was to inform such exit strategies by exploring the types of indoor and outdoor settings where transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to occur and result in clusters of cases. Identifying potential settings that result in transmission clusters allows these to be kept under close surveillance and/or to remain closed as part of strategies that aim to avoid a resurgence in transmission following the lifting of lockdown measures.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of available literature and media reports to find settings reported in peer reviewed articles and media with these characteristics. These sources are curated and made available in an editable online database.

Results: We found many examples of SARS-CoV-2 clusters linked to a wide range of mostly indoor settings. Few reports came from schools, many from households, and an increasing number were reported in hospitals and elderly care settings across Europe.

Conclusions: We identified possible places that are linked to clusters of COVID-19 cases and could be closely monitored and/or remain closed in the first instance following the progressive removal of lockdown restrictions. However, in part due to the limits in surveillance capacities in many settings, the gathering of information such as cluster sizes and attack rates is limited in several ways: inherent recall bias, biased media reporting and missing data.
Bank management
Authors: Radyukova Yana , Chernyshova Oksana , Fedorova Alena , Sutyagin Vladislav , Smagin Igor' , Ryabov Yuriy
Published: June 2020

In the textbook sets out a course of modern banking management. Use practical material (situational tasks) that promote the assimilation of the courses offered. Covers the experience of the best domestic and foreign publications.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Designed for students of higher educational institutions in the training of bachelors in field of study 38.03.01 "Economics", can be used in the preparation of masters in the direction of training 38.04.08 "Finance and credit", as well as for postgraduates, teachers and all those interested in issues of Bank management.
Theoretical foundations human health and its formation by means of physical culture and sports
Authors: Kargin Nikolay , Laamarti Yuliya
Published: June 2020

The textbook examines the basic concepts, theoretical and methodological approaches to the assessment of the status, functioning and human development and its individual organs and subsystems in the structure of life, the basic principles of course of organismal and behavioral processes that support human adaptation to the external environment and the effectiveness of the behavior in terms of specific activities.
Discusses the meaning of "health" in its broadest sense: physical, social, spiritual — and the ways, methods and tests examination of functional state of human organism and various systems and organs. Given the characteristics of statistically valid norms of health and its individual components, the effect of various tools, techniques, methods and technologies of developing and improving orientation on the formation mechanism of adaptation to conditions of activity and environment.
Offers tested in practice and selected according to the degree of effectiveness of the tools, techniques and technologies of correction of the functional systems of the organism, providing high performance, health and performance of behavioral reactions and the subject in General.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Intended for graduate students and faculty whose interests are related to the problems of human adaptation to the environment and professional activity.
Behavioral Characteristics of the Audited Organization Management As Determinants of the Risk of Material Misstatement of Financial Statements
Authors: Arzhenovskiy Sergey , Bahteev Andrey , Sinyavskaya Tat'yana
Published: June 2020

Th e author’s methodology for assessing the propensity to the risk of material misstatement of fi nancial statements due to fraudulent actions by those charged with preparation of the fi nancial statement of the audited organization is proposed on the basis of two behavioral characteristics − tolerance to violations of legislation and pathological monetary personality type. On the basis of a specifi ed econometric bivariate probit model, calculations are made on empirical data from a survey of employees of the audited companies conducted by the authors. Using the results in the working audit documentation at the stage of preliminary planning of the audit will assess the likelihood of the propensity of the organization’s management to economic risk.
Modern Accounting System in the Interpretation of the Principles of Functioning of Organizations
Authors: Mislavskaya N.
Published: June 2020

The article draws and substantiates a parallel between modern accounting principles and the principles of the organization’s functional theory. Th e author proposes to subdivide the accounting (financial) statements into two components: accounting, oriented mainly to internal users and fi nancial, intended for making investment decisions.
Should the Pendulum Swing Back? More Transfers to the ICU After Implementing Ward-Based High-Flow Nasal Cannula Initiation Protocols for Bronchiolitis
Authors: Sklansky Daniel J , Mahant Sanjay
Published: June 2020

As an appealing, physiologically plausible treatment, humidified oxygen delivery via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been rapidly adopted for the treatment of bronchiolitis despite weak evidence supporting its routine and early use in hypoxemic infants.1 Although HFNC use has been associated with decreased work of breathing and lower rates of progression to invasive ventilation in some studies, the one large trial published on the topic found no difference between early HFNC and standard oxygen therapy on length of stay in hospital, duration of oxygen therapy, or rates of intubation.2,3 No adequately powered studies have examined the effect of ward-based HFNC initiation on ICU transfer, an outcome that it is designed to prevent.
Patient and Care Team Perspectives of Telemedicine in Critical Access Hospitals
Authors: JaKa Meghan M , Dinh Jennifer M , Ziegenfuss Jeanette Y , Siy Jerome C , Doshi Ameet P , Platt Yonatan , Dressen John R
Published: June 2020

Telemedicine acute care may address issues facing critical access hospitals. This evaluation used web, mail, and telephone surveys to quantitatively and qualitatively assess patient and care team experience with telemedicine in 3 rural critical access hospitals and a large metropolitan tertiary care hospital. Results show that patients, nurses, and clinicians perceived quality of care as high, and they offered feasible recommendations to enhance communication and otherwise improve the experience. Continued work to improve, test, and publish findings on patient and care team experience with telemedicine is critical to providing quality services in often underserved communities.
A Tangled Web: Should Online Review Portals Display Fraudulent Reviews?
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Uttara M. , Li Beibei , Smith Michael D.
Published: June 2020

Consumers rely on review platforms when deciding where to stay, where to eat, what movies to watch, or even which doctor to use. This is great for consumers, but it has makes online review platforms a target for fraud. Review platforms have responded by developing tools and algorithms to identify potentially fraudulent reviews. But the question remains: What should platforms do with fraudulent reviews after detecting them? Our research answers this question using randomized experiments and large-scale data analysis from Yelp’s review platform. Our results show that after detecting fraudulent reviews, platforms should keep them on their platforms, but should display them with a flag that identifies them as potentially fraudulent. Doing so will increase consumers' trust in the platform by demonstrating that the platform takes fraud serious and will also penalize dishonest businesses. Together, these results provide strong managerial and policy guidance to developing truthful, transparent, and accountable online ecosystems. Our research topic is particularly timely given the presence of misinformation on technology platforms, the incentives of actors to exploit anonymity to manipulate consumer beliefs, and the influence these actions can have on consumer trust.
Clinical evaluation of a superabsorbent polymer dressing in enabling self-care of wounds
Authors: Barrett Simon , Welch Donna , Rippon Mark G , Rogers Alan A
Published: June 2020

Patient involvement in their own treatment can enable those with wounds in the community to play an active role in the management of their condition by, for example, completing dressing changes between health professional visits. The original primary study was undertaken to assess the clinical effectiveness of Zetuvit Plus Silicone Border (ZPSB) on exudate management. This retrospective sub-group analysis is aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) dressing (ZPSB) in enabling patients or their carers to undertake unsupervised dressing changes on their own. ZPSB was found to be clinically effective in this subgroup of patients, while also having additional features that enabled the patient to self-care. Overall, ZPSB enabled the patient to be part of their treatment plan and play an active role in the care of their wounds, thereby promoting self-care. This had a positive effect on nursing time saving and patient satisfaction.
Paramedic use of PPE and testing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Higginson Ray , Jones Bridie , Kerr Tamara , Ridley Anne-Marie
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 is the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Paramedics are at the frontline of healthcare delivery, including during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The virus poses specific problems for paramedics. These involve treating and transporting infected patients, as well as considerations around decontamination and disinfection of ambulances and medical equipment. All respiratory infections should be considered COVID-19 until proven otherwise so paramedics should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE consists of gloves, gowns, aprons, surgical face masks, protective eyewear and face shields. Paramedics should receive training and guidance on PPE so they can select and use it properly. The type and level of PPE used will depend on the level of protection required, and risk should be assessed. Widespread testing will give a clearer picture of the incidence and distribution of the virus.
Sensitivity analysis and optimization of optical Y-branch structure parameters
Authors: Zheng Yu , Liu Zhijie , Jiang Lianqiong , Li Junhui , Duan Ji’an
Published: June 2020

Aimed at the structural parameters in the new optical Y-branch, this paper uses the Morris screening method and Sobol method in global sensitivity analysis to analyze the sensitivity of each parameter when the input optical field introduces an offset. The sensitivity parameters of the optical Y-branch are selected, and global sensitivity analysis of the sensitivity parameters is performed. The results of sensitivity analysis improve the parameter optimization process of the optical Y-branch. Finally, the optical Y-branch is optimized to obtain a small insertion loss, good uniformity, low wavelength-dependent loss, and polarization-dependent loss.
Panoramic dual-directional shearography assisted by a bi-mirror
Authors: Jiang Hanyang , Ma Yinhang , Dai Meiling , Dai Xiangjun , Yang Fujun , He Xiaoyuan
Published: June 2020

A panoramic dual-directional shearography system is proposed to simultaneously determine out-of-plane deformation derivatives in two directions and globally inspect the object to be tested. A dichroic filter (DF), a 3CCD camera, and dual-wavelength light are used in the proposed shearography configuration. The dual-wavelength light coupled with the corresponding imaging sensors of the 3CCD camera provides independent color signals and shearograms. Through adjustment of the tilted stereo-angle of the DF, which offers a second wavelength-dependent measurement, an additional independent image-shearing can be introduced into the setup. The auxiliary bi-mirror surrounding the object helps to fully illuminate the object surface and capture it in a single shot. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrated the utility of the system.
Role of the probe beam in a radio-frequency atomic magnetometer
Authors: Bevington Patrick , Rajroop Jenelle , Gartman Rafal , Chalupczak Witold
Published: June 2020

We explore the role of the linearly polarized probe beam in the radio-frequency atomic magnetometer. Two regimes of coupling of the linearly polarized light to the atomic ensemble, near and off-resonant, are demonstrated and discussed. Our studies cover three types of interaction between the atomic spin system and the linearly polarized beam, i.e., absorptive production of spin polarization, dispersive spin state readout, and nonlinear spin couplings. The work is performed with the outlook of optimization and simplification of magnetometer operation. Operation of a magnetometer with a single beam, generating and probing the atomic orientation, is presented. This single-beam configuration, which combines optical pumping, nonlinear spin couplings, and spin-exchange collisions, creates the option for a portable device with simple instrumentation.
Microwave photonic radar with a fiber-distributed antenna array for three-dimensional imaging
Authors: Dong Jingwen , Zhang Fubo , Jiao Zekun , Sun Qiang , Li Wangzhe
Published: June 2020

A microwave photonic (MWP) radar with a fiber-distributed antenna array for three-dimensional (3D) imaging is proposed and demonstrated for the first time. Photonic frequency doubling, wavelength-division multiplexing and radio-over-fiber techniques are employed for radar signal generation, replication, and distribution. Based on the delay-dependent beat frequency division, parallel de-chirp processing is completed in the center office (CO), leading to multi-channel 2D ISAR imaging and further 3D reconstruction. The influence of the fiber transmission delay is discussed and the phase noise caused thereby is compensated in 3D imaging algorithm, improving the coherence between channels. An experiment of a Ku-band MWP radar with a transmitter (Tx) and 16 equivalent receivers (Rxs) is conducted and 3D imaging of three trihedral corner reflectors is achieved with a range resolution of 7.3 cm, a cross-rage resolution of 5.6 cm and an elevation resolution of 0.85°. The results verify the capability of MWP radar in high-resolution 3D imaging.
Modeling of beam hardening effects in a dual-phase X-ray grating interferometer for quantitative dark-field imaging
Authors: Pandeshwar Amogha , Kagias Matias , Wang Zhentian , Stampanoni Marco
Published: June 2020

X-ray grating interferometry (XGI) can provide access to unresolved sub-pixel information by utilizing the so-called dark-field or visibility reduction contrast. A recently developed variant of conventional XGI named dual-phase grating interferometer, based only on phase-shifting structures, has allowed for straightforward micro-structural investigations over multiple length scales with conventional X-ray sources. Nonetheless, the theoretical framework of the image formation for the dark-field signal has not been fully developed yet, thus hindering the quantification of unresolved micro-structures. In this work, we expand the current theoretical formulation of dual-phase grating interferometers taking into account polychromatic sources and beam hardening effects. We propose a model that considers the contribution of beam hardening to the visibility reduction and accounts for it. Finally, the method is applied to previously acquired and new experimental data showing that discrimination between actual micro-structures and beam hardening effects can be achieved.
A RELAÇÃO DA EQUIPE DE SAÚDE COM OS CUIDADORES FAMILIARES DE IDOSOS NO PROCESSO DE HOSPITALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Dos Santos Natália Nunes , Sandri Juliana Vieira de Araujo
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Averiguar a relação da equipe de saúde com os cuidadores familiares durante a hospitalização e na alta hospitalar do idoso. Método: Pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa realizada na clínica médica de uma instituição hospitalar de médio porte da região do Vale do Itajaí no estado de Santa Catarina. Foi realizada entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante com dez cuidadores familiares registrados em diário de campo. Os resultados obtidos dessa triangulação de técnicas de coleta foram ponderados conforme a análise temática. Resultados: A comunicação eficaz entre a equipe de saúde e o cuidador familiar, assim como a troca de saberes, resulta em melhora no cuidado e na segurança ao realizar as atividades com o idoso hospitalizado. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu perceber e compreender como se dá a relação da equipe de saúde com os cuidadores familiares e entender a importância de fortalecer esse vínculo com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade na assistência
Effect Of Oil Prices On Food prices: Time Series Analysis Using Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Model
Authors: Mohamed Taher Sassi
Published: June 2020

This study examines the effect of oil prices on food prices using worldwide monthly data covering crude oil prices wheat, soybeans and rice prices from 08.2013 until 06.2017 from World-Bank-Database 2017. It specifically considers the identification of the short-term causal relationship between oil and the selected commodity prices using the Vector-Autoregressive-Model as main model and its post-estimation methods, Granger-Causality-Test and Impulse response function. The results show that there is no long run relationship between the variables but a significant causal short-term relationship between oil prices and wheat prices is confirmed. The impulse response results after a simulated shock on oil prices showed mainly negative response of soybeans prices a and persistent increase on wheat prices, for the rice prices response there was a slight increase on rice prices after the shock of oil prices. This research targets the detection of one influencing factor to food prices in order to support food security. To achieve this objective and recommend solutions research needed to further investigate the interaction of food prices with other variables.
GIS and Remote Sensing Application in Water Management in Agriculture Field
Authors: Mohamed Taher Sassi
Published: June 2020

This document is meant to demonstrate the potential uses of remote sensing in managing water resources for irrigated agriculture and to create awareness among potential users. Researchers in various international programs have studied the potential use of remotely sensed data to obtain accurate information on land surface processes and conditions. These studies have demonstrated that quantitative assessment of the soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer processes can lead to a better understanding of the relationships between crop growth and water management. Remote sensing and GIS was used to map the agriculture area and for detect the change. This was very useful for mapping availability and need of water resources but the problem was concentrating in data collection and analysis because this kind of information and expertise are not available in all country in the world mainly in the developing and under developed country or third world country. However, even though considerable progress has been made over the past 20 years in research applications, remotely sensed data remain underutilized by practicing water resource managers. This paper seeks to bridge the gap between researchers and practitioners first, by illustrating where research tools and techniques have practical applications and, second, by identifying real problems that remote sensing could solve. An important challenge in the field of water resources is to utilize the timely, objective and accurate information provided by remote sensing.
Tratamento diretamente observado na tuberculose
Authors: Silva Amanda Nayana Costa , Ross José de Ribamar
Published: June 2020

O tratamento supervisionado é um complexo de atividades que subsidiam o planejamento terapêutico e sua prática vem sendo cada vez mais estimada nas ações de controle da tuberculose. O estudo objetivou destacar as dificuldades no Tratamento Diretamente Observado aos pacientes com tuberculose na Estratégia Saúde da Família, identificando o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos pacientes que abandonaram o tratamento e os fatores que influenciam a execução da estratégia supervisionada. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de caráter exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Os resultados mostraram que os pacientes mais vulneráveis ao abandono são: gênero masculino, 20–39 anos, baixa escolaridade, etilistas e portadores de doença mental. Estudos apontam que a terapêutica é afetada pela não inclusão do cliente na tomada de decisão e o abandono ao tratamento está associado à deficiência da gestão do cuidado, onde um dos alicerces para a estratégia foi a consolidação do vínculo. A estratégia do tratamento supervisionado para a tuberculose é efetiva para reduzir o abandono da terapia, no entanto o tratamento autoadministrado ainda é frequente nas unidades de saúde.
Infecções hospitalares em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca
Authors: Da Silva Patrick Leonardo Nogueira , Damasceno Renata Fiúza
Published: June 2020

As doenças cardíacas, no contexto atual, apresentam alta prevalência e aumento da morbimortalidade. Sendo assim, as intervenções cirúrgicas têm se tornado mais frequente em decorrência de suas consequências. Este estudo objetivou revisar sobre os fatores de risco predisponentes para infecções hospitalares em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca durante o pós-operatório. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura na qual, além da pesquisa em livros, procedeu-se a busca em artigos científicos das bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e PubMed. Verificou-se que as infecções mais comuns foram: as infecções bacterianas primárias, infecções de sítio cirúrgico, urinárias e pneumonias hospitalares representando um desafio para cirurgiões e profissionais de saúde, já que para o sucesso total das cirurgias cardíacas é imprescindível que o paciente esteja em condições clínicas aceitáveis, mas também é necessária uma equipe multidisciplinar treinada e com experiência, assim como um hospital com instalações e equipamentos adequados. Quanto às complicações, destacam-se as do sítio cirúrgico, seguidas por pneumonias, sepse, infecções relacionadas a cateteres e infecções do trato urinário. Em se tratando dos fatores de risco para a infecção pós-operatória cardíaca, destacaram-se neste estudo o sexo feminino, a idade e os procedimentos invasivos como o uso de cateter e sondagem vesical.
Importância do diagnóstico laboratorial para a sífilis congênita no pré-natal
Authors: De Arruda Leandro Ricardo , Dos Santos Ramos Aleksandra Rosendo
Published: June 2020

Este estudo foi proposto com o objetivo de analisar a partir de uma revisão da literatura nacional, a importância do diagnóstico laboratorial para a sífilis congênita no pré-natal no Brasil no período de 2002 a 2016. Buscando identificar como anda a relação de sífilis congênita, sua epidemiologia, as medidas tomadas no pré-natal e seu diagnóstico laboratorial, descrevendo os efeitos nocivos da sífilis congênita na sociedade brasileira. Realizou-se um estudo utilizando-se a pesquisa bibliográfica quantitativa que auxilie a defesa da realização do diagnóstico da sífilis congênita no pré-natal.  Realizando revisão da literatura nacional em bancos de dados, sendo selecionados artigos publicados nos últimos anos, abordando a sífilis congênita dentre outras coisas. A sífilis congênita é o resultado da disseminação hematogênica do Treponema pallidum, da gestante infectada não tratada ou inadequadamente tratada para o seu concepto, por via transplacentária. As considerações finais desse estudo é que a sífilis congênita é um problema de saúde nacional, ainda hoje pouco controlado, sendo necessário o acesso dos meios de prevenção, controle, informação e diagnósticos laboratoriais no pré-natal disponível e efetivamente pleno para a saúde das gestantes.
Fostering Communication Through Physical Activity
Authors: Ashby Christine , Woodfield Casey , Dickens Brianna , Vroman Katherine , Heath Katie
Published: June 2020

Many individuals with autism experience difficulties with reliable, meaningful communication often impacting their academic and social engagement. As the first and most frequent communication partners, parents of children with autism may struggle initiating or maintaining meaningful communicative interactions, and thus require training, tools, and support. This article describes an approach to coaching parents in fostering meaningful, reciprocal communication through recreational activities as part of a larger physical activity program for parents and families of children with autism. It describes a Cycle of Communication framework as a tool for parents to recognize opportunities to structure and support their children’s communicative attempts and are discussed herein for educators, families and practitioners to adapt and use within their local contexts.
Review of Collaborative Lesson Study: ReVisioning Teacher Professional Development
Authors: Faeth Erin M.
Published: June 2020

This article offers a review of Vicki S. Collet’s (2019) book Collaborative Lesson Study: ReVisioning Teacher Professional Development. In this text, Collet provides a guide to the implementation of Collaborative Lesson Study, an ongoing, in-classroom, inquiry-based professional development strategy. The text includes scaffolding on how to (a) plan a lesson for lesson study, (b) observe the lesson in ways that will further the teacher’s understanding of their practice and students, and (c) debrief from the lesson to inform future instruction. This text supports educators in implementing this process in schools and higher education contexts to increase teacher agency and efficacy, as well as to promote instruction for students that is responsive to their diverse backgrounds and needs.
Estudo de correlação entre o uso e cobertura da terra com a temperatura de superfície registrada pelo satélite Landsat 8
Authors: Hendges Elvis Rabuske , Follador Franciele Aní Caovilla , Andres Juliano
Published: June 2020

A cobertura vegetal da superfície terrestre é um dos condicionante da variação de temperatura do ar encontrado nestes locais. Assim o objetivo da presente pesquisa é verificar a correlação espacial existente entre os padrões de uso da terra e valores de temperatura de superfície (Ts) registrados pelo satélite Landsat 8. A área de estudo está localizada na zona rural de Francisco Beltrão/PR, caracterizada pela presença de usos agrícolas de subsitência.  Foram processados dados de cenas datadas de 27/11/2017 e 13/12/2017, tanto para a obtenção dos mapas de uso e cobertura da terra, como para os dados de temperatura de superfície. As Ts registradas por cada uma das classes de uso da terra: água, floresta, campo sujo, campo, lavoura e solo exposto, demosntraram uma forte correlação de Pearson, sendo de 0,9116 e 0,9292 respectivamente para as cenas mapeadas. Ao analisar a homogeneidade entre as variâncias da Ts de cada classe, verificou-se que os valores das médias não possuem uma similaridade mínima significativa entre si. O teste de Tukey indicou que para a primeira data nenhuma das classes de uso apresentou valores semelhantes entre si. Já para a segunda data  as classes de água e floresta apresentaram Ts estatisticamente similares, além das classes de campo sujo e campo.
دلالة التَّعبير باسم الفاعل في القرآن الكريم
Authors: RIZK Muhammed
Published: June 2020

یُعدُّ اسم الفاعل من أهمّ الأسماء الصَّرفیَّة في اللغة العربية؛ وذلك لاستخدام صیغته في الكلام بكثرة ، فهو حقیقة في الحال ومجاز في الماضي والاستقبال. وهو اسم مشتقٌّ على وزن (فاعل) للدلالة على من قام بالفعل أو ما وقع منه الفعل على وجه الحدوث لا الثُّبوت. وهو يصاغ من الفعل الثُّلاثي على وزن (فاعِل)، ومن غير الثُّلاثي بوزن مضارعه مع إبدال حرف المضارعة ميمًا مضمومة وكسر ما قبل الآخر. لاسم الفاعل من الفعل غير الثُّلاثي دلالات متعدّدة، منها في القرآن الكريم: 1- إفادة التَّعديَة. 2- إفادة معنى التَّكثير.3- إفادة معنى المشاركة. 4- إفادة معنى المطاوعة. 5- إفادة العيوب والألوان. 6- إفادة معنى التَّكلف. 7- إفادة معنى الطَّلب والسُّؤال. 8- إفادة معنى المبالغة.دلالات اسم الفاعل السَّابقة دلالات صرفيَّة تدلُّ عليها صيغ اسم الفاعل من غير الثُّلاثي؛ هذا لا يعني أنّ هذه الدِّلالات مختصَّة بتلك الصِّيغ غير الثُّلاثي لاسم الفاعل، فقد يأتي اسم الفاعل من الفعل الثُّلاثي دالًّا على بعضها، إذ إنّ هناك دلالات مشتركة بين اسم الفاعل من الفعل الثُّلاثي ومن غير الثُّلاثي. إنَّ أكثر إفادة اسم الفاعل معنى الثُّبوت عندما يكون غير عامل ويكون مضافًا، عند ذلك تكون الإضافة حقيقية، وهنا يحدث الالتباس مع الصِّفة المشبهة التي هي للثبوت وهي عاملة وإضافتها لفظيَّة. ويبدو أنَّ آراء النُّحاة التي تنصُّ على إفادة اسم الفاعل معنى التَّجدّد، لها مبرِّرات عند ابن هشام وابن مالك؛ فقد جعلوا اسم الفاعل جاريًا مجرى الفعل في الحركات والسّكنات. إنّ اسم الفاعل الواقع في الجملة الاسميَّة يأتي للدلالة على الثُّبوت والدَّوام والاستمرار في الغالب، وأنَّ اسم الفاعل الواقع في الجملة الفعليَّة يأتي للدلالة على الحدوث والتَّجدّد، فإنْ جاء في سياق الجملة الاسميَّة ودخلته لام التَّوكيد (المزحلقة) زاد ذلك في ثبوته.تتَّفق كتب النَّحو والتَّفسير والبلاغة على دلالة واحدة لمادة (عدل) هي دلالة التَّحوّل والانصراف عن الشّيء وتركه إلى غيره . وتشير كتب اللُّغة- فضلاً عن الدّلالة السَّابقة لهذه المادة- إلى دلالات أُخَر لَها وقد وظَّف السِّياق القرآني مادة (عدل) بصيغٍ مختلفة لأداء معانٍ متعدّدة، ولم يكن من بين هذه المعاني معنى ترك الشَّيء والانصراف عنه إلى غيره .وينبغي أنْ يستند الحكم بوجود ظاهرة عدوليَّة في أي نصٍّ لغوي إلى قوانين لغويَّة معتبرة حتَّى لا يكون هذا الحكم اعتباطيًّا ورجمًا بالغيب. ويرد اسم الفاعل بمعنى اسم المفعول في القرآن الكريم كثيرًا؛ فقد يعدل به عن أصله لغرض بلاغي أو نفسي يصير به ذلك الاستعمال ذا معنى عميق يستدلُّ بقرينة الاستعمال العدولياللُّغة العربيَّة، النَّحو، الدِّلالة، المشتقَّات، اسم الفاعل، الثّبوت، التَّجدُّد، العدول.
Izutsu’nun Kur’ân'daki Ahlâki Kavramlara İlişkin Görüşlerinin Din Eğitimi Açısından Analizi
Authors: DİLER Ramazan
Published: June 2020

Toshihiko Izutsu, oryantalist bir bilim insanıdır. Birçok dinle ilgili
çalışması bulunan Izutsu, İslâm ve Kuran’la ilgili de önemli eserler ortaya
koymuştur. Bu makale çalışmasında Izutsu’nun Kur’ân'da Dînî ve Ahlâkî
Kavramlar ile Kur’ân’da Allah ve İnsan adlı eserleri incelenmiştir.
Müellifin, çalışmalarında benimsediği metodolojiyi açıkladığı ve bu
metodolojiye bağlı kaldığı görülmüştür. Izutsu’nun kullandığı metodoloji
semantiktir. Semantik kısaca anlam bilimi olarak ifade edilebilir. Kur’ân’daki
ahlâkî kavramların Kuran’la birlikte nasıl bir değişime uğradığını örneklerle
açıklamaya çalışmıştır. Izutsu’nun
çalışmasında üzerinde durduğu ahlaki kavramların eğitsel bir gerçekliği de
vardır. Bu yönüyle özellikle Kur’ân-ahlak ilişkisini inceleyen eserleri eğitsel
açıdan incelemenin önemli doğurguları olabilir. Izutsu’nun çalışmaları Kur’ân-ahlak,
Kur’ân-eğitim ilişkisini anlamak adına önemli görülmektedir. Bundan dolayı
çalışmanın ahlak eğitimcilerine önemli bir katkı yapması beklenmektedir.
Çalışmanın temel problemi Izutsu’nun Kur’ân-ahlak ilişkisini nasıl kurduğudur.
Çalışmada cevapları aranan sorular şunlardır:Izutsu’nun
çalışmalarında Kur’ân-ahlak ilişkisinde ortaya çıkan temalar hangileridir?Kur’ân-ahlak
ilişkisinde ortaya çıkan temalar eğitsel açıdan nasıl değerlendirilebilir?Bu
araştırmada yöntem olarak içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. İçerik analizi bir
muhtevayı anlamak ve analiz etmek için kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Izutsu’nun
çalışmalarında elde ettiği bazı sonuçlar şunlardır: Kur’ân, Arapların ahlâk
geleneklerini çok ciddi bir şekilde etkiledi. Kur’ân, arap toplumunun
kullandığı birçok geleneksel ahlaki kavramı yeniden tanımladı. Bu kavramları
evrensel bir ilkeye bağladı.  Kur’ân’daki
en odak kelime Allah’tır. Bu açıdan ahlaki kavramlara yön veren temel kavram da
Allah’tır. Izutsu’nun ahlâkî kavram analizleri ve ahlak/değer eğitimine ilişkin
görüşleri değerlendirilmiştir.
Bağımsızlık Öncesi Ve Sonrası Kırgız Toplumunda Din Ve Dinî Kurumlar Üzerine Bir Analiz
Authors: KOZUKULOV Timur
Published: June 2020

Din Sosyolojisi. Bu makalede bağımsızlığını kazandıktan sonra Kırgızistan’da
toplumsal-siyasi hayatta önemli rol oynayan ve bunlara yön veren din unsurunu,
din sosyolojisi ve siyaset bilimi açısından incelemeye çalışacağız.  İslam’ın Kırgızlar arasında ne zaman
yayıldığı ve benimsendiği ile ilgili tarihi kaynaklara dayanarak farklı
görüşlerin bulunduğunu belirtmeliyiz. Günümüzde, Kırgızistan sınırları
içerisindeki İslam’ı anlayabilmek için onun tarihteki süreçlerini göz önünde
bulundurmak şarttır. Kırgızistan’ın Müftiyat kurumu; yani Kırgızistan
Müslümanları Dini İdaresi’nin (KMDİ) ne zaman ve nasıl ortaya çıktığını
göstermek için Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği döneminde İslam hakkında
birtakım tespitlerde bulunularak oluşum sürecinin ele alınması gerekmektedir.
Kırgızistan’da İslam’ın tarihi sürecini birkaç döneme ayırmak gerekir: Ortaçağdan
SSCB’nin kuruluşuna kadarki dönem, Sosyalizm dönemi ve son olarak
Kırgızistan’ın bağımsızlığını kazandıktan sonraki dönem. Bağımsızlığın ilk
yıllarından itibaren Kırgızistan’da dine ve dinî hayata öncesine oranla büyük bir
serbestlik, bir bakıma kısmi özerklik hürriyeti verilmiştir. Ancak 4 Şubat 2014
tarihindeki Devlet Güvenlik Konseyi toplantısında dine verilen bu kısmi
özerklik hürriyeti siyasetinin doğru olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. O günden
itibaren devlet dinin toplumdaki yapısına ve yaşamına yön verme siyaseti
yürüteceği kararını almıştır. Bu çalışmamızda bağımsızlık elde edildikten
sonraki süreçte dinî eğilimler ve dine yönelik toplumsal yaptırımlar toplum
bilimi ve siyaset bilimi açısından incelenmiştir. Kırgız toplumunun sosyal ve
siyasi istikrarı için çalışma süreci ve yaptırımları üzerinde durulmuştur.
Makalemizde çeyrek asırlık bir tarihe sahip olan Kırgız devletinin din
konusundaki uygulamalarını siyaset bilimi, güvenlik ve toplum bilimi açısından
ele alıp değerlendirmeye çalışacağız.
Bir Kur’an Üslubu Olarak Şarta Bağlanan Hüküm Üzerinden İmkânsızlığın İfade Edilmesi
Authors: AKSOY Soner
Published: June 2020

Belli bir mekân ve
zaman aralığında nâzil olan Kur’an, Allah’ın iradesinin dilsel bildirimidir.
Bütün insanlığın muhatap kılındığı bu dilsel bildirim hiç kuşkusuz Arap dilinin
imkân ve sınırları içerisinde varlık kazanmıştır. Dolayısıyla “Her dilsel
bildirim, varlık kazandığı bağlam ve bütünlük doğrultusunda anlam kazanır.”
gerçeğini dikkate aldığımızda ilahî kelamın doğru anlaşılmasında Arap dili ve
bu dilin ifade özellikleri merkezi bir konuma sahiptir. Arap dilinin ve
Kur’an’ın temel ifade özelliklerinden birisi ise şart cümleleridir. Bu bağlamda
yapacağımız çalışmanın temel gayesi genellikle imkân vurgusu içeren şart
ifadelerinin Kur’an’da bir üslup olarak imkânsızlık bağlamında kullanıldığını
tespit etmek ve bu şekilde Kur’an üslubunun anlaşılmasına katkı sunmaktır. Bu
amaç doğrultusunda ilk olarak Kur’an’ın şart üslubunun anlaşılmasını kolaylaştırmak
için Arap dilinde ve Mantık ilminde şartlı ifadelerin nasıl bir anlam
çerçevesinde kullanıldığı üzerinde durulacaktır. Daha sonra Kur’an’da hükmün
şarta bağlanması meselesine değinilerek, ayetler örnekliğinde şarta bağlanan
hüküm üzerinden imkânsızlığın ifade edilmesi üslubu incelenecektir. Bu
çalışmada Kur’an’da birçok ayette imkân vurgusu anlamında
kullanılan şartlı ifadelerin, bir Kur’an üslubu olarak bir kısım ayetlerde
imkânsızlık vurgusu bağlamında kullanıldığı sonucuna ulaşıldı. Bu tespitin Kur’an’ın
üslup düzeyinde anlaşılmasına katkı sunacağı gibi, imkânsızlık vurgusu içeren
şartla ilgili ayetlerin lafzından anlaşılacak yanlış okumaların ve manaların
önüne geçeceği kanaatindeyiz.
İlk Hadis Usulü Eserinde Râmhürmüzî’nin Fıkhü’l-Hadîs Denemesi
Authors: YILMAZ Fatih Mehmet
Published: June 2020

İslâm’ın doğru anlaşılması, temel kaynakları olan Kur’an-ı
Kerim ve hadislerin maksatlarına uygun bir şekilde kavranmalarına bağlıdır. Bu
gerçeği çok iyi bilen Hz. Peygamber, sözlerindeki amaçların kavranması yönünde
çok vurgulu telkin ve teşviklerde bulunmuş, neticede sahâbe-i kirâm arasından
hadislerin maksatlarına nüfuz edip rivayet-dirâyet bütünlüğünü sağlayan
kimseler ortaya çıkmıştır. Resûl-i Ekrem’in vefatından sonra ise daha öncesinde
var olmayan pek çok olay vuku bulmuş, farklı dinî anlayışlar zuhur etmiş ve bu
durum fıkhü’l-hadîse/dirâyetü’l-hadîse olan ihtiyacı arttırmış; hatta
hadislerin manalarını anlamak, ilmin yarısı kabul edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda zuhur
eden her bir ekol de kendi prensipleri çerçevesinde rivayetleri anlama gayreti
içinde olmuştur. Mesailerinin çoğunu hıfz, kitâbet, tedvin ve tasnîf
faaliyetleri ile geçiren ehl-i hadîs ise rivayetleri idrak noktasında birtakım
eleştirilere maruz kalmışlar hatta muhtevasını bilmeden hadis nakletmek ve
bilgi hamallığı yapmak ile itham edilmişler, buna mukabil onlar da savunma
refleksi ile kendilerinin de bu alanda yetkin olduklarını ispat için gerek
rivayet gerekse dirâyet/usul türü çalışmalar kaleme almışlardır. Nitekim telif
ettikleri bu eserlerde, bir taraftan daha öncesinde yapageldikleri
fıkhü’l-hadîs çalışmalarını günyüzüne çıkarmaya diğer taraftan ilgili alanda
kendilerinin de söz sahibi olabileceklerini göstermeye çalışmışlardır. İşte bu
makale, alanında ilk olma niteliği taşıyan el-Muhaddisü’l-fâsıl beyne’r-râvî
ve’l-vâî adlı usul eseri çerçevesinde fıkhü’l-hadîs meselesinin nasıl ele
alınıp incelendiğini konu edinmektedir.