bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacteriological Assessment of Value-Added Ready-to-Cook/Eat Shrimps Processed for Export from Bangladesh following the Guidelines of International Standards
Authors: Ahmed Salhuddin , Anwar M Nural
Published: December 2011

In the present investigation a total 630 black tiger and brown ready-to-cook/eat shrimp samples collected from a fish processing industry was analyzed. Total aerobic plate count (APC) was found to exceed the International Commission on Microbiological Specification for Foods (ICMSF) standard in case of 2.26% black tiger shrimp and 1.86% brown shrimp samples. Escherichia coli counts of all the samples were within the acceptable limit of ICMSF standard. However, considering the Council of the European Communities (EEC) standard, coliform (E. coli) counts of 0.96% black tiger and 0.62% brown shrimp samples exceeded the acceptable limit. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected from any specimens. The fish processing seems to follow the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) principles that should be more strictly maintained in order to keep the quality of shrimp of international standard. Keywords: Ready-to-cook/eat shrimps, Bacteriological count, Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1247 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 2, December 2007, pp 81-84
Impact of Raw Water Ammonia on the Surface Water Treatment Processes and Its Removal by Nitrification
Authors: Hossain M Alamgir , Fakhruddin ANM , Khan Sirajul Islam
Published: December 2011

Impact of raw water ammonia on the treated water quality and removal of ammonia from surface water were studied. Raw water ammonia and physicochemical quality of treated water of Saidabad Water Treatment Plant were analyzed for the period of one year (January through December 2006). The monthly averages of maximum (7.55 mg/l) and minimum (0.34 mg/l) ammonia-N level of the raw water were recorded in March and September 2006 respectively. During dry season raw water containing high concentration of ammonia reacted with chlorine at pre-chlorination step of treatment processes and disrupted the total treatment system. It was found from the study that when the concentration of ammonia was high in raw water the aesthetic characters such as turbidity, colour, taste, odour, alkalinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, total chlorine etc. of the treated water were changed significantly. Chemical consumption is increased as a result water treatment costs is increased. To mitigate the above problems of the treated water nitrification was used for the removal of ammonia from raw water. Ammonia removal rate was monitored with some other water quality parameters during the study. In the nitrification process ammonia was removed from raw water very effectively, i.e., maximum about 98% raw water ammonia was removed during the study. Additionally other water quality factors were improved significantly.Keywords: Raw water, Treated water, Raw water ammonia, Water quality, NitrificationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1249 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 2, December 2007, pp 85-89
Standardization of Sample Preparation for Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis of Cryptosporidium parvum Sporozoites
Authors: Siddiki AMAM Zonaed
Published: December 2011

Cryptosporidium is an important parasite of human and animals that belongs to the group Apicomplexa. However, the organism diverges from other Apicomplexa in several important aspects such as its unusual host location, atypical developmental biology, unique metabolism and recently described relict mitochondria. All or some of these unique features may be responsible for the lack of effective therapeutic agents against this parasite. The recent completion of genome sequence projects for C. parvum and C. hominis facilitated postgenomic investigations including proteomic analysis. Sample preparation is the first important step for any proteomic analysis. In this study we have attempted to develop the suitable sample preparation protocol for successful two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) of Cryptosporidium sporozoite proteins prior to mass spectrometry. The 2-DE gels were analysed by automated image analysis software and number of protein spots were used as the indicator for maximum protein extraction from Cryptosporidium sporozoite samples. Keywords: Proteomics, Cryptosporidium, Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), SolubilizationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1255 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 2, December 2007, pp 119-124
Larvicidal Activity of Bacillus sphaericus Strain SI-1 and Its Toxins against Culex quinquefasciantus Larvae
Authors: Hossain MA Motalib , Chowdhury Alamgir Z , Al-Mahin Abdullah , Rahman Mustafizur , Rahim Khandakar Abdur
Published: December 2011

A local isolate of Bacillus sphaericus strain SI-1 had been investigated for its larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciantus mosquito. Wet spores of 72-h grown culture of the strain were sufficiently potent as mosquitocidal agents 3rd instar larvae of C. quinquefasciantus. After lyophilization the toxic potency of the strain increased sharply (165 times). The toxic crystal proteins had been solubilized in a hydroxyl-chloride buffer (pH 12.0) by three successive extractions. The majority of the proteins were found to be solubilized in water under these conditions. Increase of pH in the media by addition of buffer and its effect on the mortality of C. quinquefasciantus larvae had been checked. The extraction buffer was found to be non-lethal although significant rise in pH up to 10.44 was observed. The lethal concentration fifty (LC50) value of the crude protein was found to be 62.0 μg/ml. Keywords: Bacillus sphaericus SI-1, Biopesticide, Culex quinquefasciantus, Larvicidal activity, LyophilizationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1256 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 2, December 2007, pp 125-128
Influence of Some Physicochemical Stresses on the Survival of Vibrio cholerae O1 at Non-Culturable State
Authors: Haque M Mahfuzul , Khan Sirajul Islam , Ahsan Chowdhury Rafiqul
Published: December 2011

Survival study of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Classical Inaba and El Tor Ogawa biotypes was carried out in artificial microcosm without any nutrients under stressed physiochemical conditions. The organisms were found to undergo viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, which was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using primers that flank a specific fragment of the cholera toxin gene (ctx). The findings of the study showed that about 89% of samples gave positive result although the organisms were in nonculturable state. Depending upon the conditions the Classical biotype of vibrios had undergone non-culturable state within 2-15 days and 55-92 days were subjected to PCR assay after 45 and 120 days of incubation respectively. A similar tend was also observed in case of El Tor biotype. With non-culturable cell only 5 of 18 microcosms (of both Classical and El Tor biotypes) at pH 4.5 showed no viability. Since the PCR assay demonstrated positive results after 90 (in case of El Tor biotype) and 120 days (in case of Classical biotype), the total survival time thus ranges over 3 and 4 months. Thus PCR has an important advantage over the techniques those are used in routine laboratories for the identification of pathogenic organisms. Keywords: Physicochemical stresses, Survivality, Vibrio cholerae, Artificial microcosms, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Non-culturable state, Viable but non-culturable (VBNC)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1258 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 2, December 2007, pp 133-136
Influence of Rhizobium Inoculant and Mineral Nitrogen on Some Chickpea Varieties
Authors: Solaiman ARM , Hossain Delowar , Rabbani M Golam
Published: December 2011

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh to study the response of five chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) varieties to Rhizobium inoculant and mineral nitrogen on nodulation, nitrogen fixation, dry matter production, nitrogen (N) uptake, yield and quality of the crop. Among the treatments, Rhizobium inoculant in combination with Barichola-5 in absence of nitrogen performed best in recording number and dry weight of nodules and nitrogenase activity of chickpea. Barichola-2 in presence of 100 kg N/ha performed best in recording dry weight of shoot and root, number of branches, chlorophyll a and b, nitrogen content in shoot, nitrogen uptake by shoot, protein content in seed, number of seeds per plant, number of pods per plant, 1000-seed weight and stover and seed yields. The performances of Barichola-5 and Barichola-3 in presence of Rhizobium inoculant and in the absence of mineral nitrogen were comparable to Barichola-2 in most of the parameters of the crop studied. Keywords: Rhizobium inoculant, Nitrogen, ChickpeaDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1261 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 2, December 2007, pp 146-150 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1260
Loop-Mediated Amplification Accelerated by Stem Primers
Authors: Gandelman Olga , Jackson Rebecca , Kiddle Guy , Tisi Laurence
Published: December 2011

Isothermal nucleic acid amplifications (iNAATs) have become an important alternative to PCR for in vitro molecular diagnostics in all fields. Amongst iNAATs Loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) has gained much attention over the last decade because of the simplicity of hardware requirements. LAMP demonstrates performance equivalent to that of PCR, but its application has been limited by the challenging primer design. The design of six primers in LAMP requires a selection of eight priming sites with significant restrictions imposed on their respective positioning and orientation. In order to relieve primer design constraints we propose an alternative approach which uses Stem primers instead of Loop primers and demonstrate the application of STEM-LAMP in assaying for Clostridium difficile, Listeria monocytogenes and HIV. Stem primers used in LAMP in combination with loop-generating and displacement primers gave significant benefits in speed and sensitivity, similar to those offered by Loop primers, while offering additional options of forward and reverse orientations, multiplexing, use in conjunction with Loop primers or even omission of one or two displacement primers, where necessary. Stem primers represent a valuable alternative to Loop primers and an additional tool for IVD assay development by offering more choices for primer design at the same time increasing assay speed, sensitivity, and reproducibility.
Antioxidant, Anti-Glycation and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Phenolic Constituents from Cordia sinensis
Authors: Al-Musayeib Nawal , Perveen Shagufta , Fatima Itrat , Nasir Muhammad , Hussain Ajaz
Published: December 2011

Nine compounds have been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of C. sinensis, namely protocatechuic acid (1), trans-caffeic acid (2), methyl rosmarinate (3), rosmarinic acid (4), kaempferide-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), kaempferide-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (8) and kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamno-pyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), all reported for the first time from this species. The structures of these compounds were deduced on the basis of spectroscopic studies, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1–9 were investigated for biological activity and showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageen induced rat paw edema test. The antioxidant activities of isolated compounds 1–9 were evaluated by the DPPH radical scavenging test, and compounds 1, 2, 4 and 7–9 exhibited marked scavenging activity compared to the standard BHA. These compounds were further studied for their anti-glycation properties and some compounds showed significant anti-glycation inhibitory activity. The purity of compounds 2–5, 8 and 9 was confirmed by HPLC. The implications of these results for the chemotaxonomic studies of the genus Cordia have also been discussed.
The Analysis of an Accident in Coal Mine which Caused by Short-Circuit of 6kv High-Pressure Explosion-Proof Switch
Authors: Hu M.H. , Lv Y.L. , Wang Na
Published: December 2011

To describe 6kv high-pressure explosion-proof switches, the main device of ensuring the safe operation of in coal mine power supply system, are widely used in coal mine, which can complete the mission of underground high-voltage power supply and distribution and the controlling of high-pressure water pump motor. The short-circuit of high-pressure explosion-proof switch is not a common fault, but the event usually cause a large area power outage, especially at high gas underground mine, which is a serious threat to production safety. In this paper, the analysis of switch short-circuit accident triggered by the isolating switch shows the reason of the accident, and we can summarize the relevant experiences and lessons learned.
Time-Frequency Atom Decomposition Based on Seeker Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Ran Li Li , Chen Wei Rong , Dai Chao Hua
Published: December 2011

Sparse representation of signals has many important applications in signal processing. However, this issue is well known as a complex and NP problem, which is a key factor to depress the application and progress of sparse decomposition. In this work, seeker optimization algorithm(SOA)- based method is used to search for the best matching atoms in sparse decomposition. For comparision, the conventional matching pursuit (MP) method and two versions of PSO algorithms are also consid- ered in the simulation studies. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is an effective and reliable technique for time-frequency atom decomposition.
The Solar Automatic Tracking Fuzzy PID Control System Based on ARM
Authors: Liu Jing Yan
Published: December 2011

To improve tracking precision and increase the utilization of solar energy, the solar automatic tracking fuzzy PID control system based on ARM is designed. Embedded microcontroller 32-bit ARM processor is the core. A kind of mixed tracking mode is adopted, and it combines photoelectric tracking mode and solar trajectory tracking mode. In the solar trajectory tracking mode, the fuzzy PID segmented tracking control method is put forward. The fuzzy control and PID control are combined to control the system. If the system's angle deviation is large, PID control is adopted, else fuzzy control is adopted. And the controller can be automatically switched control mode according to the size of angle deviation. Matlab simulation results indicate that the solar automatic tracking system with fuzzy PID control has a good dynamic characteristics and high tracking accuracy, effectively improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Simulation and Control of Two Side Direction Burr
Authors: Qu Hai Jun , Yang J.H. , Wang Gui Cheng
Published: December 2011

A finite element model was developed for simulation of two side direction burr formation process. Based on strain distribution, a two side burr formation mechanism was proposed. Burr form and burr size of simulation are close to that's of experiment. Finite element model generated here provided a numerical analysis method to solve the prediction of burr and chip formation and physical insight into the fundamental burr formation mechanism. The stain in two side direction of material near the side face decides the shape and the size of two side direction. Multi-workpieces are machined at the same time with side face closely by each others can control the formation of two side direction strain and two side direction burr.
Based on the Target Track Cam Design Method and Numerical Solution Research
Authors: Wang L.S. , Wei F. , Wang H.
Published: December 2011

In this paper, a new design method of cam is developed .To illustrate this method,a car which adopts cam mechanism to achieve specific movements is designed. By establishing the relationship between the point coordinates of cam profile and the track through the relevant mathematical models, and using the infinitesimal elements method to solve the models, the discrete points coordinates of the cam profile are obtained. The displacement, velocity and acceleration of the direction arm are simulated by Pro/E. the accurate trace of cam profile can be obtained by the method. To make the CAD/CAE/CAM integrated design of cam is reasonable.
Passive Location of Angle Sensors Using Extend Square-Root Cubature Kalman Filter
Authors: Zhang Yang , Rui Guo Sheng , Miao Jun
Published: December 2011

A new nonlinear filter method Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF) is improved for passive location with moving angle-measured sensors’ measurements.Firstly,it used Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm to estimate measurement noise covariance; And then the covariance of the procession noise and measurement noise is brought into the circle; Meanwhile,CKF is improved by the way of square root to keep its stability and positivity,and the results of track by Extend SCKF are compared with the results by Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) in the text;By the tracking results to the velocity of the target, Extend SCKF algorithm can not only track the target with unknown measurement noise but also improve the passive position precision remarkably as the same difficulty as UKF.
Mine Ventilator Fault Diagnosis Based on Harmonic Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Jing Shuang Xi , Chang Yong , Leng Jun Fa
Published: December 2011

Harmonic wavelet function, with the strict box-shaped characteristic of spectrum, has strong ability of identifying signal in frequency domain, and can extract weak components form vibration signals in frequency domain. Using harmonic wavelet analysis method, the selected frequency region and other frequency components of vibration signal of mine ventilator were decomposed into independent frequency bands without any over-lapping or leaking. Simulation and diagnosis example show that this method has good fault diagnosis effect, and the ventilator fault is diagnosed successfully.
Research on Transmission Loss of Optical Waveguide in Three-Component Acceleration Seismic Geophone
Authors: En De , Feng Jie Yu , Zhang Ning Bo , Wang Ning Ning , Wang Xiao Bin
Published: December 2011

The optical waveguides are produced in LiNbO3 substrate of three-component acceleration seismic geophone by lithography. Three-component acceleration seismic geophone detects changes in the external acceleration by detecting phase changes in the optical waveguides. The performance of optical waveguide directly affects the performance of three-component acceleration seismic geophone. Therefore, it is critical to measure and reduce the transmission loss of waveguides. The advantages and disadvantages of LiNbO3 crystal are introduced. The production process of Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguide and its performance are presented. Some information about the types of transmission loss of optical waveguide and the measurement methods of optical waveguide loss are provided.
AE Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Based on Base
Authors: Yang D.L. , Li X.J.
Published: December 2011

In the acoustic emission fault diagnosis, the acoustic emission sensors was installed on the bearing pedestal where near from the fault source so that can collected stronger fault AE signal, however ,sometimes, it is inconvenience for AE sensor installation. This paper proposed that install the AE sensor on the base for collect the fault AE signal, but the signal was weak, so carried on EMD first, and selected the former 8 IMF to construct the original feature, than carried on KPCA for dimensionality reduction and get the optimized feature. In this paper, taking bearing acoustic emission test for example, by compared the base fault feature with the bearing pedestal fault feature, verified that the method that the AE sensor install on the base is feasible.
Study on the Conical Spiral Tube Bundle Heat Exchangers with Pulsation Flow Generator Structure
Authors: Ge Meng Ran , Yan Ke , Ge Pei Qi , Gao Jun
Published: December 2011

Elastic tube bundles are universally used in heat transfer enhancement by flow-induced vibration in heat exchangers, and the study of the heat transfer performance is of importance. The structure of conical spiral tube bundle heat exchanger was introduced first, and the structure of pulsation flow generator was also introduced. The frequency of pulsation flow was discussed. Finally, in condition of same shell side diameter, the heat transfer and natural frequency of the conical spiral tube bundle were compared with the planar elastic tube bundle. The results show that the natural frequency of conical spiral tube bundle was smaller, the heat transfer performance of conical spiral tube bundle was better than the planar elastic tube bundle.
Color Recognition of Video Object Based on HSV Model
Authors: Cai Zhao Quan , Luo Wei , Ren Zhong Nan , Huang Han
Published: December 2011

In the presented paper, we proposed a common color model and designed the color judgment method, which is based on the HSV model. This method will translate the RGB values of the points in video images to HSV values, and use HSV values to recognize the color. After that, software of real-time video object recognition was developed based on color features, which is also based on their search of target color identification. Besides, the system is developed by VC based on OpenCV, which has achieved the goal of real-time video motion detection and object color recognition. Finally, the experimental results indicate that the algorithm is accurate and similar to human recognition of the moving objects in videos view, which demonstrates the good performance of the target identification and color judgment.
Measurement of Positioning Barrel Eccentric Hole Based on Machine Vision Technology
Authors: Wu Xue Feng , Fan Yu
Published: December 2011

A measurement based on image process is proposed for detecting the hole on a barrel. The barrel image is separated from background with the image edge detection technology. The different detection operators are compared and the sobel operator is used for edge detection. The actual space position of the hole on barrel is computed by circle detecting method. Gradient hough transform is used for detecting circle position information, including circle radius and two dimension coordinates. The stepping motor drive system is consists of a control card, stepping motor drive units and two two-phase hybrid stepping motors. Automatic positioning is achieved through stepping motor drive system.
An Improved STC Image Compression Method
Authors: Zheng Yun Ping , Li Zu Jia , Sarem Mudar
Published: December 2011

In this paper, inspired by the idea of the S-Tree Coding (STC), we propose an improved STC image compression method by using the Nonoverlapping Non-symmetry and Anti-packing Model (NNAM) and the extended shading approach, which is called the NNAM Coding (NNAMC) method. In our method, the encoding can be performed in O(n log n) time and the decoding can be performed in O(n) time, where n denotes the number of pixels in a gray image. By comparing our proposed NNAMC method with the conventional STC method, the experimental results presented in this paper show that the former can significantly reduce the lower bit rate and the number of homogenous blocks than the latter whereas remaining the satisfactory image quality.
The Programming of Snow Flower Fractal Graphics Based on Iterated Function System
Authors: You Fu Cheng , Chen Yu Jie
Published: December 2011

The traditional method to introduce the design of snow flower fractal graphics is to give fixed graphics in black color. In this paper, a new learning environment of triangle fractal graphics based on E-Learning is proposed, development of which is also introduced in detail. In this new learning environment, students can repeat drawing the colorful snow flower fractal graphics with single color or random color, which may arouse the students' interests and attract their attentions. By the learning environment, the fractal limitation or fixed point can be seen, and two different kinds of snow flower can be got when the IFS code is changed, which will do benefit to students' learning concepts of fractal graphics. By this new learning environment, it is very easy for students to grasp the programming procedure of fractal graphics, and understand the generation procedure and structure of triangle fractal graphics.
Improved Tercom Based on Fading Factor
Authors: Lu Shou Lei , Zhao Long , Zhang Chang Yun
Published: December 2011

In order to solve the problem of the traditional Tercom, which is sensitive to the speed error and yaw angle error, an improved Tercom approach using with fading factor is introduced. The basic idea of this approach is to estimate the navigation position by a novel correlation function. The correlation function is calculated by weighted historical measurements. Experiment results with the real data show that this approach performs better than the traditional Tercom with regard to overcoming velocity error and yaw angle error.
Fast Routing System Research and Application Based on Pro-E
Authors: Guo Wei , Xu Xiang Yang , Liu Yan Fang , Song Feng
Published: December 2011

A fast automatic routing method based on skeleton model in virtual environment is introduced in this paper. By defining the properties of the stent, electronic connector and electronic equipment of the routing solid model, the routing factors are obtained and skeleton is built. Then, the cables can generated automatically based on the connection relationship and cable attributes. This method can bring out the connection between electronic connector node tables and 3D model, managing the network path, flexible modification of 3D routing features, 3D routing automatically, and generating cable branch diagrams. The routing efficiency can be improved and the length of the cables inosculates with the actual one perfectly, which is of great value in engineering.
Real-Time Customization and Motion Simulation of the Omnidirectional Wheelchair Based on VRML
Authors: Wang Ban , Zhou Wei Hua , Guo Ji Feng , Jia Guan Shuai
Published: December 2011

An omnidirectional wheelchair based on Mecanum wheel was introduced. Firstly, the motion principles of the Mecanum wheel were illustrated, and then VRML was made use of to make the omnidirectional wheelchair real-time customization and motion simulation come ture, in which the parts' color can be changed and so the components replaced via the customization panel, and also many motion forms such as walking straightly, crossly, bias or originally can be realized via the simulation panell. In this way, clients can not only take part in the design for the wheelchair, getting a satisfied wheelchair but also get a deeper and more vivid cognition about the special motion functions of the wheelchair.
Dynamic Predictive Maintenance Model Based on Data-Driven Machinery Prognostics Approach
Authors: Liao W.Z. , Wang Y.
Published: December 2011

As an increasing number of manufacturers realize the importance of adopting new maintenance technologies to enable systems to achieve near-zero downtime, machinery prognostics which enables this paradigm shift from traditional fail-and-fix maintenance to a predict-and-prevent paradigm has arose interests from researchers. Machine's condition and degradation estimated by machinery prognostics approach can be used to support predictive maintenance policy. This paper develops a novel data-driven machine prognostics approach to assess machine's health condition and predict machine degradation. With this prognostics information, a predictive maintenance model is constructed to decide machine's maintenance threshold and predictive maintenance cycles number. Through a case study, this predictive maintenance model is verified, and the computational results show that this proposed model is efficient and practical.
Numerical and Experimental Investigations on Heat Transfer Phenomena of an Aluminium Microchannel Heat Sink
Authors: Dang Thanhtrung , Tran Ngoctan , Teng Jyh Tong
Published: December 2011

The study was done both numerically and experimentally on the heat transfer behaviors of a microchannel heat sink. The solver of numerical simulations (CFD - ACE+software package) was developed by using the finite volume method. This numerical method was performed to simulate for an overall microchannel heat sink, including the channels, substrate, manifolds of channels as well as the covered top wall. Numerical results associated with such kinds of overall microchannel heat sinks are rarely seen in the literatures. For cases done in this study, a heat flux of 9.6 W/cm2was achieved for the microchannel heat sink having the inlet temperature of 25 °C and mass flow rate of 0.4 g/s with the uniform surface temperature of bottom wall of the substrate of 50 °C; besides, the maximum heat transfer effectiveness of this device reached 94.4%. Moreover, in this study, when the mass flow rate increases, the outlet temperature decreases; however, as the mass flow rate increases, the heat flux of this heat sink increases also. In addition, the results obtained from the numerical analyses were in good agreement with those obtained from the experiments as well as those from the literatures, with the maximum discrepancies of the heat fluxes estimated to be less than 6 %.
Identification of Critical Security Issues for Cloud Computing
Authors: Liu Chiang Lung , Chen Wei Hsiu , Tung Der Kuo
Published: December 2011

Cloud computing is a new service style with many significant advantages and becoming a trend in the world nowadays. Although cloud computing can provide many significant advantages, it also brings us new security problems which present strong barriers for individuals/enterprises to adapt into cloud computing. Including European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA), many international organizations have issued their reports on the issue of cloud computing security. However, the identification of risks the cloud computing faces also mix with traditional security problems. In this paper, we aim at identifying the critical security issues which are cloud computing-designated. The results of our identification are divided into three categories, namely, policy and organizational, technical, and legal issues, which were adopted by ENISA. We also carefully analyzed the literature on cloud computing security to identify critical cloud computing-designated risk items for each category. Detailed explanations about how the risk items were identified as the critical cloud computing-designated ones are also given to show the adequacy of the proposed identifications. Most of the cloud computing-designated security issues pointed out in this paper is still open and can be taken into consideration for cloud computing service providers when designing a new cloud computing technique.
A Hybrid Algorithm of Mining Closed Itemsets for Large Databases
Authors: Huang Lee Wen
Published: December 2011

Data Mining means a process of nontrivial extraction of implicit, previously and potentially useful information from data in databases. Mining closed large itemsets is a further work of mining association rules, which aims to find the set of necessary subsets of large itemsets that could be representative of all large itemsets. In this paper, we design a hybrid approach, considering the character of data, to mine the closed large itemsets efficiently. Two features of market basket analysis are considered – the number of items is large; the number of associated items for each item is small. Combining the cut-point method and the hash concept, the new algorithm can find the closed large itemsets efficiently. The simulation results show that the new algorithm outperforms the FP-CLOSE algorithm in the execution time and the space of storage.
Model for a New Traffic Information System Based on Inter-Vehicle Communication Ad Hoc
Authors: Zhang Qi , Jung Byung Doo , Kwon Young In
Published: December 2011

This paper studies and explores an innovative pattern for a new traffic information system based on Inter-Vehicle Communication Ad Hoc. The main characteristic of this pattern is that the functions for traffic information collection and transmission are realized with the use of the moving vehicle which integrates the average speed of the vehicle on the current road section with the average speed transmitted by other vehicles in the Ad Hoc through inter-vehicle communication and with no need for using fixed facilities for traffic information collection and transmission. The traffic information of the current road section within certain period can be transmitted by the moving vehicles. Because the moving vehicle constantly changes its Ad Hoc network and the vehicles traffic information can be transmitted interactively, the traffic information of every road section can quickly spread through the whole road network. In view of this pattern, this paper establishes relative math models of automatic collection and transmission, based on Ad Hoc, of the traffic information.
Construction Contract Clarity: Conceptual Process Flow Modeling
Authors: Chong Heap Yih , Lim Chai Chai , Zin Rosli Mohamad
Published: December 2011

Construction contracts can be a complex subject if issues corresponding to their interpretation and administration are not handled properly. The need for clarity of construction contracts is eminent especially in the context of the construction industry. The paper holds that a better interpretation and understanding of construction contracts could offer a proactive approach to avoid the inevitability of conflicts occurring in a project. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to develop a conceptual process flow model on how to clarify contract provisions in a contract. It is a subsequent development from the survey and case study that carried out for Malaysian Public Works Department (PWD) -203A (Rev. 10/83) Contract Form. The model is based on the results on the survey and case study, but it designed to render a generic approach of clarifying process for other contracts. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) method was selected to illuminate the process flow as the method focuses on object perspective and appropriate for this development. Certain limitations and recommendations of the model were highlighted. Ultimately, the model renders a useful guideline for future contract drafting and an important insight on clarity approach in contract administration for dispute avoidance.
Adaptive & Weighted Measures of Industry-Based R&D Performance Evaluation by Surveys for SMEs in 4 Selected Industries in Korea
Authors: Kim Young Duk , Chung Mi Kyung , Choi Gyung Hyun
Published: December 2011

It is difficult to evaluate R&D performance especially for companies’ R&D in various industries because each industry has different characteristics and specific industrial environments. R&D performance evaluation can be measured by its quantitative output and firms’ performance. In this paper, R&D performance evaluation for each industry is analyzed by the indices of quantitative output and outcome, and the differences among industries can be checked for the indices. That is, one index can stand out in an industry, but another one can be remarkable in other industries. Whether the differences for each index among industries exist can be checked. We surveyed four industries such as machinery, electronics, parts & materials and IT by scoring index method with weight factors. The survey was conducted for small & medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea focused on R&D performance evaluation indices classified by output and outcome result which are gained from several hundred firms. More sensitive indices are specified for each industry, and the indices can be used with higher priority for evaluating firm’s R&D performance. By further research of the differences for each industry, the weight for indices can be specified in each industry, and the evaluation among heterogeneous industries can be performed by normalizing indices.
The Study on Enlarging Specific Extractor for Technology-Related Named Entity Extraction from Text Collections of Applied Mechanics Field
Authors: Kim Han Gi , Bae Kuk Jin , Kim Eun Sun , Hahn Hyuk
Published: December 2011

This paper presents additional linguistic factors that should be considered to more effectively extract terms from the machinery industry documents by augmenting the general extraction patterns. We expand on the general term extraction patterns with patterns that are tailored for machinery industry documents to improve precision and recall. We establish a theoretical basis for developing a system to support information research in the machinery industry. Using this system, we expect to increase the efficiency of new business planning process in the machine industry.
Research on Hadoop Greedy Scheduler Based on the Fair
Authors: Chen Rui , Zeng Wen Hua , Fan Kai Ji
Published: December 2011

Job scheduling technology is one of the Hadoop platform’s key technologies, whose main function is to control the execute sequence of job and the distribution of computing resources, which directly relates to the Hadoop platform’s overall performance and system resources, usage. However, the existing job scheduling algorithms such as FIFO Scheduler, Fair Scheduler and Capacity Scheduler all have some defects. To overcome theses defects, this paper proposed a new algorithm Hadoop Greedy Scheduler Based on the Fair (HGSF). Firstly, the job pools are sorted by priority from high to low; pools in the same priority are sorted by their minimum requirements. Then their minimum requirements are met in turn. If have spare computing resources, it will be assigned to the job pool which has the highest priority and the minimum difference between the ideal requirement and the minimum requirement. Finally, the algorithm uses delay allocation strategy to improve the localization of the data for computing tasks. The experimental results testified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
The Hybrid RNN Control for a PMSM Drive Electric Scooter Using Rotor Flux Estimator
Authors: Lin Chih Hong , Lin Chih Peng
Published: December 2011

The hybrid recurrent neural network (HRNN) control for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive electric scooter using rotor flux estimator was implemented in this paper. Firstly the dynamic models of a PMSM drive system were implemented. Then, a HRNN control control system using rotor flux estimator is developed to control PMSM drive system in order to drive electric scooter. The rotor flux estimator consists of the estimation algorithm of rotor flux position and speed based on the back electromagnetic force (EMF). Moreover, the HRNN controller consists of the RNN and compensated controller with variable structure control (VSC) is applied to PMSM drive system using rotor flux estimator. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated by experimental results.
Automation for a Vacuum Heat Transfer Printing Platform
Authors: Shaw Dein , Kuo Chuan Yi , Zeng Bo Han
Published: December 2011

The VHTP platform presented in this study is for computer mouse pattern transfer. Works needed to be completed before VHTP processes are listed as following: A specially-made mouse fixture is used, and a mouse shell is fixed on it for pattern decorations. Next, a multi-layer coated film is precisely fixed on the mouse fixture with the pattern on the film touched the mouse shell. Finally, the mouse fixture is moved onto the VHTP platform. This study is dedicated to making an innovative automated machine to replace the manpower as well as maintaining the same production rate and accuracy. The mechanism first used to separate the unwanted cover from the multi-layer film of decoration pattern is designed; our brand new design consumes less material and less cost than the existing film stripping mechanisms, which are mostly used in vacuum technology and adhesive tapes. After separation, the film was cut to remove part of the protective layer of the pattern film. Then, the film is moved to a stripping mechanism which is used to remove the protective layer of the film by clamping a portion of the film where the protective layer was cut in the previous process on the mouse fixture. The mouse fixture is then rotated to strip the film off the protection layer which is not been cut. In the mean time the film is precisely attached on the mouse fixture and covers the mouse fixture with the film. The automation of the VHTP is then completed.
A Simulation Analysis Method for Crack Resistance of Hydraulic Concrete Based on Temperature-Stress Test
Authors: Kang Qiu Bo , Ding Jian Tong , Bai Yin , Chen Bo
Published: December 2011

The temperature-stress testing machine can be adopted to evaluate the crack resistance of concrete, but because of the disadvantages of long time, costs much restrict the development of temperature-stress test method. Getting needed mechanical and thermal parameters by the test here, then be used in the temperature history calculated by simulation software to compare crack resistance of different concretes. By using the convenient method, we can compare crack resistance of different concretes under the actual condition through simulation. The results showed that: the B4Cast simulation software can be used to get different concrete internal temperature histories under different temperature control methods, using the temperature history close to the real condition can evaluate the crack resistance of concrete objectively; on the basis of the temperature-stress test results, via fitting obtained the rules of concrete coefficient of thermal expansion, contraction deformation, elastic modulus, tensile strength and other parameters with maturation changes, then be used in the temperature history calculated by B4Cast, the concrete cracking risk can be simulation analyzed; using this method to compare the same strength grade of normal and pump concrete, the result showed that crack resistance of normal concrete is better.
Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Cellulose Solution by ZnCl2
Authors: Zeng Guo Ming , Wang Yuan Liang , Ning Xin Qiang , Zhang Mao Lan
Published: December 2011

Corn stover is a largely feasible and cheap renewable resource with low commercial value. An attractive alternative is utilization of corn stover for chemical industry，medicine，biochemistry etc. However, the production costs are still too high to apply on commercialization. The purpose of this study was to use the response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize of cellulose salvation by ZnCl2 after the steam explosion .The solution of cellulose that had been pretreated with 87% ZnCl2 at 139 °C for 49 min resulted in an optimum solubility of 76.2%.
Preparation and Characterization of Lanthanum (La)-Doped TiO2
Authors: Yu Tao , Tan Xin , Zhang Ling
Published: December 2011

Lanthanum-doped anatase TiO2 coatings, which were composed of assemble crystalline of 50 nm diameter particles have been successfully fabricated by sol–gel dip-coating process on light leakage quartz fiber (LQF) which length is 15cm and diameter is 125μm. This was achieved by adjustment of the lanthanum-doped sol–gel parameters such as molar ratio of precursors in lanthanum-doped TiO2-sols, the ratio of titanium tetrabutoxide to polyvinyl alcohol, dip-coating velocity, drying duration in air, thermal treatment and number of cyclical time of the process. Titania nano crystals were prepared by ambient temperature in a liquid media using titanium tetrabutoxide as precursor, and the crystallization of amorphous precursor was preceded by peptizing with acid and then refluxing for a periodic time in homothermal water-bath. The photocatalytic properties of the lanthanum-doped TiO2 films were testified by the photo degradation of methyl orange. The lanthanum-doped anatase TiO2 thin films were characterized by XRD and TEM.
Synthesis of Stereoregular Polylactide
Authors: Li Yong Fei , Wu Qin , Gao Mei Li
Published: December 2011

The paper studied polymerization of rac-lactide catalyzed by a diketiminato aluminum alkoxide complex. The aluminum alkoxide complex bearing bulky isopropyl ortho substituents showed moderate activity for the rac-lactide polymerization. Microstructural study of polymer generated with the aluminum catalyst reveals that syndiotactic polylactide were produced. Results have shown that the conversion of lactide depend on the monomer/catalyst feed ratio and the reaction temperature.
Effects of the Pre-Freezing Time on the Structures and Electrochemical Performances of Co-B Alloys
Authors: Wu Chuan , Pang Chun Hui , Wu Feng , Bai Ying , Chen Chi , Zhong Yu
Published: December 2011

A series of Co-B alloys with uniform nanoparticles were prepared via a vacuum freeze-drying method, which the precursors of Co-B alloys were prepared by the reduction of bivalent cobalt chloride with aqueous sodium borohydride solution. The alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and brunauer emmett teller (BET) surface area measurement. The electrochemical activities of Co-B samples were examined by charge-discharge test. This work studied the influence of pre-freezing time on the microstructure and electrochemical performance. The sample pre-freezing for 3 hours exhibits the best cycling performance than others, the discharge capacity increase to its maximum 438mAh/g, and it still remained 232 mAh/g after 60 cycles at a current of 50 mAh/g; while those of samples pre-freezing for 1 hour and 5 hours are 399 mAh/g and 413mAh/g, respectively.
Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Acid Hydrolysis and Oxidation of Corn Starch
Authors: Hu Ai Jun , Zhang Zhi Hua , Zheng Jie , Shen Sen , Li Qian , Yang Lin
Published: December 2011

In this article, ultrasound was applied to the acid hydrolysis and oxidation of corn starch. The carboxyl content, viscosity of the starch prepared by the reaction under ultrasound and no ultrasound were studied through viscosimeter and titration method separately. The results showed that its carboxyl content of acid-thinned and oxidized corn starch with ultrasound was higher remarkably and increased by 14.81% at least, and its viscosity with ultrasound was evidently lower and decreased by not less than 37.78%, So ultrasound has a good performance in accelerating acid hydrolysis and oxidation of corn starch.
Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Sm3+-Doped Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 Nanowire
Authors: Xiao Qi , Gao Lan
Published: December 2011

The Sm3+-doped Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 nanowires are synthesized by hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the nanowires are made of the hexagonal Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis show that the lengths of the nanowires are approximately 5μm, and their diameters are around 100 nm, and the aspect (length/diameter) ratio is about 50. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Sm3+-doped Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 nanowires doped with different Sm3+ concentration under 405 nm excitation has been investigated. It is found that there are three main sharp emissions peaks at near 569, 604, and 649 nm. The three emissions are due to the f-f forbidden transitions of the 4f electrons of Sm3+, corresponding to 4G5/2→6H5/2 (569 nm), 6H7/2(604 nm), and 6H9/2(649 nm), respectively. In addition, concentration quenching is also observed. It is found that the Sm3+4G5/2→6H7/2(604 nm) emission intensity of Sm3+-doped Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 nanowires significantly increases with the increase of Sm3+ concentration, and shows a maximum when Sm3+ doping content is 0.5%. If Sm3+ concentration continues to increase, namely more than 0.5%, the Sm3+4G5/2→6H7/2 emission intensity decreases.