bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychodermatology in Hungary: Awareness and Practice Patterns of Dermatologists
Authors: Cápec Gabriella , Jafferany Mohammad , Cápec Szergej , Hoffmann Sára , Sárdy Miklós
Published: July 2024

Background

Psychodermatology is an interdisciplinary branch of medicine between psychiatry /psychology and dermatology.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess Hungarian dermatologists’ awareness, practice patterns and attitudes towards psychodermatology.

Methods

A questionnaire-based survey was sent from October 2020 to June 2021 to 100 dermatologists (including residents in dermatology) in Hungary with a response rate of 51%. The participants were asked about understanding of the concept of psychodermatology and their training in this field, comfort in treatment, and interest in continuing medical education on dermatological disorders with psychological components.

Results

49% of the respondents understood psychodermatology as a bidirectional interaction of the patient’s mental and dermatological conditions, and 25.5% were comfortable in treating psychodermatological patients. The most common dermatological diagnoses with psychological/psychiatric involvement reported were psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis, anxiety, delusional parasitosis, and depression were the most common diagnoses when dermatologists referred patients to psychiatrists. In total, 76.5% of participants could not name any resource (magazine, website, etc.) for patients and their families where information about psychodermatology is available, and 58.8% showed a definite interest in attending training on psychodermatology.

Conclusion

The results of our study suggest that Hungarian dermatologists have a high awareness of the term “psychodermatology”, and only a quarter of practitioners feel adequately equipped and comfortable managing patients with psychosomatic aspects in their treatment. The relatively large gap between the number of patients with a psychodermatological component and referrals by dermatologists to mental health specialists indicates the potential importance of more intensive collaboration between dermatologists, psychiatrists and/or psychologists.
A fix that may fail: A qualitative model to explore potential rebound effects of digital textile microfactories
Authors: Martinez‐Jaramillo Juan Esteban , Tilebein Meike
Published: July 2024

Fast fashion principles and mass production within globalised supply chains are pivotal in driving the economic success of the fashion industry, but they also contribute significantly to its severe environmental impacts, which must be mitigated. Digital textile microfactories are innovative small‐scale fully digitalised design and manufacturing systems that present a promising technological solution. These offer the companies that adopt them environmental and economic advantages. However, their widespread adoption in the industry may have unintended consequences. This study hypothesises a rebound effect within the industry and proposes a qualitative modelling approach based on causal loop diagrams. We present a model for identifying rebound mechanisms that may accelerate purchases, along with a mitigation strategy emphasising the consideration of customer behaviour. The contribution of this paper is twofold: Firstly, it provides a starting point for detailed quantitative studies, and secondly, it offers insights for policy‐making towards a sustainable transition in the industry.
Deep Learning Methods Utilization in Mechanical Property of Medium‐Mn Steel
Authors: Pan Haijun , Tao Wenyu , Zhang Shunhu , Yan Ketao , Sun Ze , Wu Zhiqiang , Liu Lin
Published: July 2024

This study presents an innovative method to predict the mechanical properties of medium‐Mn steel by deep learning (DL). Based on datasets, an artificial neural network (ANN) model serves as a crucial component of DL, demonstrating a coefficient of determination of 0.996, which indicates high accuracy between experimental and predicted values. Meanwhile, the contents of Mn and C, as well as Al and intercritical annealing (IA) conditions, have higher permutation feature importance (PFI) scores, which are 22.37% and 49.22%, respectively. An ANN model predicts that the experimental steel has good mechanical properties with IA at 710 °C for 60 min, with predicted values of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and total elongation (TE) being 925 MPa and 45.3%, respectively. The experimental values for UTS (937 MPa) and TE (44.8%) closely correspond to the predicted results. The absolute errors between the experimental and predicted UTS and TE are 1.2% and 1.1%, respectively.
Report of the General Committee: 31
Authors: Wilson Karen L.
Published: July 2024

Decisions of the General Committee are reported on proposals and requests in Report 18 of the Nomenclature Committee (NC) for Fossils, Report 75 of the NC for Vascular Plants, and Report 24 of the NC for Fungi. The latter also included additions to the list of protected names. Proposal (2072) in NC for Fungi Report 22 is recommended.
“Koreans Are Always Nodding or Bowing”: K-Wave Fandom’s Perception and Learning of Non-verbal Politeness
Authors: Kiaer Jieun , Kim Loli , Lo Alfred W. T.
Published: July 2024

This chapter shows how K-wave viewers’ exposure to dramas and reality TV shows informs their perception and understanding of politeness. In particular, we focused on how participants in K-wave fandom acquire the notion of non-verbal honorifics and politeness. We adopted a multimodal qualitative design by including learners in a multilingual Korean classroom in the United Kingdom to express their perceptions on non-verbal politeness through a think-aloud protocol, as well as creating a multimodal text to express the mental thinking process of their notion on politeness through non-verbal acts. Findings show how different levels of learners perceive non-verbal politeness differently. For instance, beginners were unaware of Korean pragmatics and the significance of semiotic resources. Although intermediate participants demonstrated a better understanding of non-verbal behaviour, it still lacked nuance, whereas advanced participants understood it well. Also, the paper reveals how watching K-dramas and K-films provides insight into pragmatics learning without the need to exert much effort on the learners’ part and supplement traditional textbook-based classroom teaching. The chapter also sheds light on how media integration into language learning syllabuses could prove particularly beneficial for Asian languages, which have a different pragmatic system than European languages.
Efficient part orientation algorithm for additive manufacturing in industrial applications
Authors: Bacciaglia Antonio , Liverani Alfredo , Ceruti Alessandro
Published: July 2024

Over the past few decades, the scientific community’s and industry’s interest in additive manufacturing technologies has surged. This technology is distinguished by the layer-by-layer deposition of the raw materials and the piece’s growth in a predetermined build orientation. This factor impacts the process’ overall cost, surface quality, and other crucial parameters. Numerous methods to solve competing aspects have been proposed in the literature, with the more promising that iteratively uses ray-tracing techniques. Existing algorithms iterate for each discrete element of the model’s bounding box projection onto the building platform. However, when optimisation algorithms are used on real-life industrial parts, computational time problems arise due to the high number of faces in the models. A new computational technique to determine the appropriate part orientation to reduce the support volume is proposed to address the problem. The method reduces the computational time, cycling the ray-tracing only on the triangles where the model surface is discretised. This approach has been integrated into an enhanced particle swarm optimisation algorithm to prove its efficiency. The approach is intended for industrial applications where it is necessary to handle complicated geometries quickly and efficiently to find the best orientation. Based on the computer’s resources and the complexity of the faceted model, a set of case studies with an industrial engineering significance is used to demonstrate the approach’s effectiveness.
Ultrasonic micro-injection moulding: characterisation of interfacial friction by varying feedstock shape and high-speed thermal imaging for microneedle feature replication
Authors: Gülçür Mert , Gough Tim , Brown Elaine , Whiteside Ben
Published: July 2024

This study explores the interfacial friction in ultrasonic micro-injection moulding by using different polymer feedstock shapes, characterisation of micromoulding melts through thermal imaging and assessing microneedle feature replication. Industry standard polypropylene pellets and discs with different thicknesses were used for varying the amount of interfacial friction during sonication. High-speed thermal imaging and tooling containing sapphire windows were used to visualise the melt characteristics. Moulded products were characterised using laser-scanning confocal microscopy to quantify microneedle replication. The study demonstrates that (i) the interfacial area for the different feedstock shapes affects the heating in ultrasonic micro-injection moulding significantly, (ii) disc-shaped feedstocks result in initially higher flow front velocities and exhibit dominance of viscoelastic heating over interfacial friction and (iii) industrial pellet feedstocks provide a good combination interfacial friction and viscoelastic heating and more viscosity reduction in overall leading to better microreplication efficiency. The results presented could have a significant impact on the process development of ultrasonic micro-injection moulding where process repeatability can be improved by controlling the interfacial friction. The research provides an essential contribution to the development of this process, where interfacial frictional heating can be tailored specifically for miniature functional components, offering improved precision and reduced energy use when compared with conventional methods.
Insights into In Situ Benthic Caging Tests for Ecotoxicity Assessments Targeting Discharging Groundwater Contaminant Plumes
Authors: Roy J. W. , Grapentine L.
Published: July 2024

While in situ toxicity testing with caged organisms has been used to assess surface water and sediment contamination, no successful application to benthic organisms exposed to highly contaminated groundwater plumes discharging to surface waters has been reported. The objective of this study was to demonstrate and evaluate this application using four sets of tests performed at three previously reported contaminated groundwater sites, which include one river site affected by volatile organic contaminant plumes, and two sites, one pond and one small urban stream, impacted by landfill plumes. The study examined multiple cage designs and orientations and two test organisms: an amphipod (Hyalella azteca) and midge larvae (Chironomus riparius; only one study). Cages were deployed for between 5 and 28 days and assessed for organism survival and growth. At all sites and for some deployment conditions, cages exposed to high contaminant concentrations in the plume footprint had greater mortality compared to those exposed to lower or background concentrations. Organism growth was less clear as a metric of toxicity. Vertically oriented cages typically showed high mortality to plume contaminants, but some were also affected by other non-target groundwater conditions (e.g., low dissolved oxygen, other contaminant sources), while horizontally oriented cages were rarely responsive to either groundwater influence. A hybrid cage design showed much promise in its single study. Useful observations on the test organisms and on potentially problematic site conditions were also made. The informed use of in situ toxicity cages could be an additional beneficial tool for groundwater contaminated site assessments.
Selective in vitro Synergistic Evaluation of Probiotic Tolerant morpholinyl- and 4-ethylpiperazinyl-Imidazole-chalcone Derivatives on Gastrointestinal System Pathogens
Authors: Söylemez Tuncay , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım , Osmaniye Derya , Özkay Yusuf , Demirci Fatih
Published: July 2024

Imidazole-chalcone compounds are recognised for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. Probiotic-friendly, selective new-generation antimicrobials prove to be more efficient in combating gastrointestinal system pathogens. The aim of this study is to identify imidazole-chalcone derivatives that probiotics tolerate and evaluate their in vitro synergistic antimicrobial effects on pathogens. In this study, fifteen previously identified imidazole-chalcone derivatives were analyzed for their in vitro antimicrobial properties against gastrointestinal microorganisms. Initially, the antimicrobial activity of pathogens was measured using the agar well diffusion method, while the susceptibility of probiotics was determined by microdilution. The chosen imidazole-chalcone derivatives were assessed for synergistic effects using the checkerboard method. Four imidazole-chalcone derivatives to which probiotic bacteria were tolerant exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity against the human pathogens tested. To our knowledge, this study is the first to reveal the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) of combinations of imidazole-chalcone derivatives. Indeed, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for morpholinyl- (ZDO-3f) and 4-ethylpiperazinyl- (ZDO-3 m) imidazole-chalcones were notably low when tested against E. coli and B. subtilis, with values of 31.25 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL, respectively. The combination of morpholinyl- and 4-ethylpiperazinyl derivatives demonstrated an indifferent effect against E. coli, but an additive effect was observed for B. subtilis. Additionally, it was observed that imidazole-chalcone derivatives did not exhibit any inhibitory effects on probiotic organisms like Lactobacillus fermentum (CECT-5716), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (GG), and Lactobacillus casei (RSSK-591). This study demonstrates that imidazole-chalcone derivatives that are well tolerated by probiotics can potentially exert a synergistic effect against gastrointestinal system pathogens.
Identification of candidate gene associated with maize northern leaf blight resistance in a multi-parent population
Authors: Bi Yaqi , Jiang Fuyan , Yin Xingfu , Shaw Ranjan K. , Guo Ruijia , Wang Jing , Fan Xingming
Published: July 2024

Key message

QTL mapping combined with genome-wide association studies, revealed a potential candidate gene for  resistance to northern leaf blight in the tropical CATETO-related maize line YML226, providing a basis for marker-assisted selection of maize varieties

Northern leaf blight (NLB) is a foliar disease that can cause severe yield losses in maize. Identifying and utilizing NLB-resistant genes is the most effective way to prevent and control this disease. In this study, five important inbred lines of maize were used as parental lines to construct a multi-parent population for the identification of NLB-resistant loci. QTL mapping and GWAS analysis revealed that QTL qtl_YML226_1, which had the largest phenotypic variance explanation (PVE) of 9.28%, and SNP 5-49,193,921 were co-located in the CATETO-related line YML226. This locus was associated with the candidate gene Zm00001d014471, which encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein. In the coding region of Zm00001d014471, YML226 had more specific SNPs than the other parental lines. qRT-PCR showed that the relative expressions of Zm00001d014471 in inoculated and uninoculated leaves of YML226 were significantly higher, indicating that the expression of the candidate gene was correlated with NLB resistance. The analysis showed that the higher expression level in YML226 might be caused by SNP mutations. This study identified NLB resistance candidate loci and genes in the tropical maize inbred line YML226 derived from the CATETO germplasm, thereby providing a theoretical basis for using modern marker-assisted breeding techniques to select genetic resources resistant to NLB.
Radiopalmar ganglion cysts: prevalence, morphology, and clinical significance in wrist MRI
Authors: Goller Sophia S. , Kajdi Georg W. , Feuerriegel Georg C. , Sutter Reto
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To assess radiopalmar ganglion cysts’ (RPG) prevalence, morphology, and clinical significance in consecutive patients.

Materials and methods

In this retrospective single-center study, two radiologists assessed the presence of RPG and morphologic features on wrist MRI. Radiopalmar complaints and scapholunate ligament (SLL) tears were evaluated.

Results

A total of 1053 wrists in 909 patients (mean age 43.4 ± 15.5 years, 602 females) were evaluated. All 308 RPG (Group 1; 308 patients, 29.2%) originated from the palmar capsule; 49 were unilocular, 95 oligolocular, and 164 multilocular; 745 wrists had no RPG (Group 2; 601 patients). One hundred and twenty-six RPG showed internal debris. The mean diameter was 8.5 ± 5.6 mm (cranio-caudal) (1.0–32.9 mm), 8.0 ± 4.1 mm (medio-lateral) (1.0–31.9 mm), and 3.7 ± 2.3 mm (dorso-palmar) (0.4–16.0 mm). 168 RPG showed direct contact with the radial vascular bundle, 24 with the flexor carpi radialis tendon, and 123 with the flexor pollicis longus tendon. In Group 1, significantly more patients showed partial (82/308) [group 2: 45/745, p < 0.001] or complete SLL tears (22/308) [group 2: 20/745, p < 0.001]. Of the patients with RPG, 15.3% presented with radiopalmar complaints. Only the dorso-palmar RPG diameter was positively correlated with radiopalmar complaints (for readers 1 and 2: rs = 0.66/0.61, p < 0.001, respectively), and the best dorso-palmar diameter cut-off value for the probability of having radiopalmar complaints was defined at 3 mm (area under the curve (AUC) 0.74). Other morphologic features were not eligible to discriminate symptomatic patients (AUC range 0.53–0.61).

Conclusion

This study found RPG in 29% of patients, most of them asymptomatic. However, a dorso-palmar cyst diameter > 3 mm may be clinically significant.

Clinical relevance statement

Radiopalmar ganglion cysts, observed in 29% of wrist MR examinations, are mostly asymptomatic, but those with a larger dorso-palmar diameter may be associated with radiopalmar complaints.

Key Points

Radiopalmar ganglion cysts are found in 29% of patients undergoing wrist MRI.

Most patients with evidence of radiopalmar ganglion cysts do not show radiopalmar symptoms (85%).

A dorso-palmar cyst diameter > 3 mm may be associated with radiopalmar complaints.
Boundary parameter matching for isogeometric analysis using Schwarz–Christoffel mapping
Authors: Ji Ye , Möller Matthias , Yu Yingying , Zhu Chungang
Published: July 2024

Isogeometric analysis has brought a paradigm shift in integrating computational simulations with geometric designs across engineering disciplines. This technique necessitates analysis-suitable parameterization of physical domains to fully harness the synergy between Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Engineering analyses. Existing methods often fix boundary parameters, leading to challenges in elongated geometries such as fluid channels and tubular reactors. This paper presents an innovative solution for the boundary parameter matching problem, specifically designed for analysis-suitable parameterizations. We employ a sophisticated Schwarz–Christoffel mapping technique, which is instrumental in computing boundary correspondences. A refined boundary curve reparameterization process complements this. Our dual-strategy approach maintains the geometric exactness and continuity of input physical domains, overcoming limitations often encountered with the existing reparameterization techniques. By employing our proposed boundary parameter matching method, we show that even a simple linear interpolation approach can effectively construct a satisfactory analysis-suitable parameterization. Our methodology offers significant improvements over traditional practices, enabling the generation of analysis-suitable and geometrically precise models, which is crucial for ensuring accurate simulation results. Numerical experiments show the capacity of the proposed method to enhance the quality and reliability of isogeometric analysis workflows.
Stillbirth in women with Type 1 Diabetes mellitus—still a current topic
Authors: Dargel Susanne , Westphal Jana , Kloos Christof , Schleußner Ekkehard , Weschenfelder Friederike , Groten Tanja
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Compared to the general stillbirth rate in Germany for term deliveries of 0.12% the risk in type 1 diabetes mellitus is reported to be up to ten times higher. The reasons for this excess risk of intrauterine demise are still not fully elucidated. Risk factors named in the literature include poor glycemic control before and during pregnancy and the occurrence of ketoacidosis. Additionally there might be a diabetes related type of placental dysfunction leading to organ failure in late pregnancy. Understanding the underlying causes is mandatory to develop strategies to reduce the incidences. The Purpose of this publication is to point out the difficulties in prediction of intrauterine death in pregnant type 1 diabetes patients and thus emphasizing the necessity of constant awareness to all caregivers.

Methods

We present a case series of four cases of stillbirth that occurred in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus at our tertiary care obstetric unit during a five-year period.

Results

In all four presented cases the underlying cause of intrauterine demise was different and we could not find a common mechanism or risk profile. Furthermore, established monitoring tools did not become peculiar to raise awareness. We compared our cases to published data. Underlying causes of intrauterine death in type 1 diabetes are discussed in the light of the current literature.

Conclusions

The main risk factors of stillbirth in diabetic pregnancies are high maternal blood glucose levels including pre-conceptional HbA1c and diabetic ketoacidosis. Late acute placental insufficiency are associated with intrauterine death in type 1 diabetes. Despite the elevated risk of near term intrauterine demise there are currently no guidelines on how to monitor pregnancies in type 1 diabetes for fetal distress during the third trimester. Established thresholds for fetal Doppler data indicating fetal distress in normal and growth restricted fetuses may not be applicable for overgrown fetuses. Future research on how to monitor the diabetic fetus needs to be initiated.
Tenecteplase versus alteplase before stroke thrombectomy: outcomes after system-wide transitions in Pennsylvania
Authors: Hendrix Philipp , Gross Bradley A. , Allahdadian Sepideh , Sioutas Georgios S. , Koul Prateeka , Tarbay Antonio Corral , Lang Michael J. , Srinivasan Visish M. , Al-Bayati Alhamza R. , Li Jiang , Noto Anthony , Nogueira Raul G. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Zand Ramin , Schirmer Clemens M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

United States stroke systems are increasingly transitioning from alteplase (TPA) to tenecteplase (TNK). Real-world data on the safety and effectiveness of replacing TPA with TNK before large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke endovascular treatment (EVT) are lacking.

Methods

Four Pennsylvania stroke systems transitioned from TPA to TNK during the study period 01/2020–06/2023. LVO stroke patients who received intravenous thrombolysis with TPA or TNK before EVT were reviewed. Multivariate logistic analysis was conducted adjusting for age, sex, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), occlusion site, last-known-well-to-intravenous thrombolysis time, interhospital-transfer and stroke system.

Results

Of 635 patients, 309 (48.7%) received TNK and 326 (51.3%) TPA prior to EVT. The site of occlusion was the M1 middle cerebral artery (MCA) (47.7%), M2 MCA (25.4%), internal carotid artery (14.0%), tandem carotid with M1 or M2 MCA (9.8%) and basilar artery (3.1%). A favorable functional outcome (90-day mRS ≤ 2) was observed in 47.6% of TNK and 49.7% of TPA patients (p = 0.132). TNK versus TPA groups had similar rates of early recanalization (11.9% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.259), successful endovascular reperfusion (93.5% vs. 89.3%, p = 0.627), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (3.2% vs. 3.4%, p = 0.218) and 90-day all-cause mortality (23.1% vs. 21.5%, p = 0.491).

Conclusions

This U.S. multicenter real-world clinical experience demonstrated that switching from TPA to TNK before EVT for LVO stroke resulted in similar endovascular reperfusion, safety, and functional outcomes.
Necessity and influencing factors for integrating oral health in cancer care for older people: a narrative review
Authors: Anand Shalya , Visser Anita , Epstein Joel B. , Jalovcic Djenana
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The number of older people with poor oral health diagnosed with cancer is increasing rapidly. However, integration of oral health in cancer care for older people to prevent or minimize oral health complications of cancer treatments is uncommon, except in head and neck oncology. The aim of this review is to describe the need, role of, and factors influencing the integration of oral health(care) into the treatment of older people with cancer.

Methods

MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for papers published in the last 10 years that focus on oral health in older people diagnosed with cancer, the impact of oral health on cancer therapy, and integrated oral health in cancer treatment.

Results

From 523 related papers, 68 publications were included and summarized as follows: (1) oral complications associated with cancer therapies, (2) the need for oral healthcare in older people with cancer, (3) the role of integration of oral health in cancer care, and (4) influencing factors such as ageism, interprofessional education and collaborations, oral healthcare workforce, oral health literacy, and financial considerations.

Conclusion

Integration of oral healthcare is highly recommended for the overall well-being of older people with cancer to prevent, minimize, and manage complications in cancer treatment. However, oral healthcare has not been integrated in cancer care yet, except for head and neck cancers. This review identified a notable gap in the literature, highlighting the need for research on integration of oral healthcare in geriatric oncology.
The impact of mind–body therapies on the mental health of women victims of violence: A meta-analysis
Authors: Koroglu Sevgi , Durat Gülgün
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Violence against women is a common public health problem and causes negative mental health outcomes. Mind–body therapies aim to positively affect a person's mental health by focusing on the interaction between mind, body, and behavior. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of mind–body therapies on women's mental health.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials published in the last 20 years comparing mind–body therapies with active control or waiting lists in women victims of violence were included. Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched until August 2023. The random effects model and fixed effects model were used for data analysis. The heterogeneity of the study was assessed using the I2 index, and publication bias was assessed using Egger's test and funnel plot.

Results

Twelve eligible studies with a sample size of 440 women victims of violence were selected. Mind–body therapies led to a statistically significant reduction in anxiety scores (SMD: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.89), depression scores (SMD: 1.68, 95% CI: 0.83, 2.52) and posttraumatic stress scores (SMD: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.18). There was a high level of heterogeneity in the outcome for anxiety (I2 = 85.18), a high level of heterogeneity for depression (I2 = 88.82), and a low level of heterogeneity for PTSD (I2 = 19.61). Results of subgroup analysis based on the number of sessions showed that eight or fewer sessions reduced anxiety (SMD: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.37, 4.83) and depression scores (SMD: 3.44, 95% CI: 1.21, 5.68), while PTSD scores did not change.

Conclusion

Evidence suggests that mind–body therapies may reduce anxiety, depression, and PTSD in women victims of violence.
Some Skorohod-type results
Authors: Pratelli Luca , Rigo Pietro
Published: July 2024

Let S be a metric space, $$g:S\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

g
:
S
→
R

a Borel function, and $$(\mu _n:n\ge 0)$$

(

μ
n

:
n
≥
0
)

a sequence of tight probability measures on $$\mathcal {B}(S)$$

B
(
S
)

. If $$\mu _n=\mu _0$$

μ
n

=

μ
0

on $$\sigma (g)$$

σ
(
g
)

, there are S-valued random variables $$X_n$$

X
n

, all defined on the same probability space, such that $$X_n\sim \mu _n$$

X
n

∼

μ
n

and $$g(X_n)=g(X_0)$$

g

(

X
n

)

=
g

(

X
0

)

for all $$n\ge 0$$

n
≥
0

. Moreover, $$X_n\overset{a.s.}{\longrightarrow }X_0$$

X
n

⟶

a
.
s
.

X
0

if and only if $$E_{\mu _n}(f\mid g)\,\overset{\mu _0-a.s.}{\longrightarrow }\,E_{\mu _0}(f\mid g)$$

E

μ
n

(
f
∣
g
)

⟶

μ
0

-
a
.
s
.

E

μ
0

(
f
∣
g
)

for each $$f\in C_b(S)$$

f
∈

C
b

(
S
)

. This result, proved in Pratelli and Rigo (J Theoret Probab 36:372-389, 2023) , is the starting point of this paper. Three types of contributions are provided. First, $$\sigma (g)$$

σ
(
g
)

is replaced by an arbitrary sub-$$\sigma $$
σ
-field $$\mathcal {G}\subset \mathcal {B}(S)$$

G
⊂
B
(
S
)

. Second, the result is applied to some specific frameworks, including equivalence couplings, total variation distances, and the decomposition of cadlag processes with finhite activity. Third, following Hansen et al. (Tempered Bayesian analysis, Unpublished manuscript, 2024), the result is extended to models and kernels. This extension has a fairly natural interpretation in terms of decision theory, mass transportation and statistics.
Rodenticide contamination of cormorants and mergansers feeding on wild fish
Authors: Regnery Julia , Schmieg Hannah , Schrader Hannah , Zinke Olaf , Gethöffer Friederike , Dahl Sarah-Alica , Schaffer Mario , Bachtin Julia , Möhlenkamp Christel , Friesen Anton
Published: July 2024

Exposure of wildlife to anticoagulant rodenticides from sewer baiting and bait application is poorly understood. We analyzed residues of eight anticoagulant rodenticides in liver samples of 96 great cormorants, 29 common mergansers, various fish species, and coypu, in different German regions. Results show that hepatic residues of anticoagulant rodenticides were found in almost half of the investigated cormorants and mergansers due to the uptake of contaminated fish from effluent-receiving surface waters. By contrast, exposure of coypu to rodenticides via aquatic emissions was not observed. The maximum total hepatic anticoagulant rodenticide concentration measured in waterfowl specimens was 35 ng per g based on liver wet weight. Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide active ingredients brodifacoum, difenacoum, and bromadiolone were detected almost exclusively, reflecting their estimated market share in Germany and their continuing release into the aquatic compartment. Overall, our findings reveal that second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides accumulating in wild fish are transferred to piscivorous predators via the aquatic food chain.
Advancing aquaculture biosecurity: a scientometric analysis and future outlook for disease prevention and environmental sustainability
Authors: Aly Salah M. , Fathi M.
Published: July 2024

Biosecurity plans are crucial for preventing economic and environmental impacts caused by disease outbreaks in aquaculture. These plans focus on prevention, early detection, and effective control measures. With the global threat of emerging infectious diseases and the need for sustainable production practices, the importance of biosecurity continues to grow. Scientometric analysis is a valuable tool for assessing the impact and influence of scientific research within a particular field or discipline. Scientometric analysis of aquaculture biosecurity publications reveals significant activity in the field, with the highest number of publications recorded in 2021. Cottier-Cook EJ emerged as the most prolific author, while USA and the Centre for Environment Fisheries Aquaculture Science were identified as leading contributors. Physical biosecurity measures prevent the entry of pathogens and wild fish into aquaculture systems. Biological biosecurity measures enhance immunity and reduce disease risks. Operational biosecurity measures, such as feed management and hygiene protocols, maintain animal health. Innovative technologies such as sensors and artificial intelligence improve biosecurity efficiency. Effective management of disease outbreaks requires coordination, risk assessment, and established response plans. Aquaculture biosecurity offers benefits such as disease prevention, environmental protection, and food safety, but may have disadvantages including costs and negative environmental impacts. The industry should focus on implementing effective and sustainable biosecurity measures, improving disease prevention, reducing environmental impact, and ensuring product safety and quality.
Video Tutorials in the Traditional Classroom: The Effects on Different Types of Cognitive Load
Authors: Fan Enqi , Bower Matt , Siemon Jens
Published: July 2024

Are video tutorials better teachers? This pilot study examined the effects of video tutorials on different types of cognitive load. Participating students (N = 45) attended two classrooms: a video tutorial-based classroom, and a traditional instruction-based classroom. The cognitive load scales indicated differences in cognitive load between the video classroom and the traditional classroom. Video tutorials decreased students’ intrinsic load (t = -4.507, p < .001, d = − 0.672) and increased germane load (t = 4.749, p < .001, d = 0.708) but did not affect extraneous load (t = -1.688, p = .098, d = − 0.252). The results also indicated additivity for different types of cognitive load in the two classrooms. In general, our results demonstrate that video tutorials are a promising form of instructional material, especially to facilitate more effective and deeper learning.
The Hollywood gender gap: the role of action films
Authors: Heywood John S. , Izquierdo Sanchez Sofia , Paniagua Maria Navarro
Published: July 2024

We estimate gender earnings differentials among Hollywood stars. While this market should be particularly efficient in translating productivity into earnings, we demonstrate an unexplained female earnings gap of over two million dollars a film. Critically, we show that action films drive this gap. Our movie fixed effects estimate a much larger-million-dollar gap among action movies and a smaller statistically insignificant gap among other genres. Within the other genres, the one significant earnings gap is among stars older than 50. We argue that these patterns could reflect “consumer discrimination” but also raise other possibilities.
pH effect in Langmuir–Blodgett self-assembly of MoS2 and WS2 thin films
Authors: Rosales Hernández Aldo Armando , Córdova Morales Pablo , Gujari Sandeep Kumar , García Rocha Miguel , Valdez Pérez Donato
Published: July 2024

We reported Langmuir–Blodgett films of molybdenum disulphide and tungsten disulfide and studied the formation of $${\text{Mo}}{\text{S}}_{2}$$

MoS
2

and $${\text{WS}}_{2}$$

WS
2

layers. The effect of the subphase pH is investigated. Also, the influence of the subphase conditions on the number of layers was reported. By varying the pH of the buffer solution subphase, the solvent-to-nanoparticle interaction is changed and the compression of the layer during deposition is influenced. The stacking of the $${\text{Mo}}{\text{S}}_{2}$$

MoS
2

and $${\text{WS}}_{2}$$

WS
2

crystalline structure under the influence of subphase pH and the material concentration were investigated. Langmuir layers assembly is a useful method to manipulate the distribution of $${\text{WS}}_{2}$$

WS
2

and $${\text{Mo}}{\text{S}}_{2}$$

MoS
2

. Successful deposition of dichalcogenides at the air–water interface on silicon substrate was performed using Balance Langmuir–Blodgett technique. The characterization of $${\text{WS}}_{2}$$

WS
2

and films $${\text{Mo}}{\text{S}}_{2}$$

MoS
2

with X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was carried out.
An Intuitionistically Complete System of Basic Intuitionistic Conditional Logic
Authors: Olkhovikov Grigory
Published: July 2024

We introduce a basic intuitionistic conditional logic $$\textsf{IntCK}$$
IntCK
that we show to be complete both relative to a special type of Kripke models and relative to a standard translation into first-order intuitionistic logic. We show that $$\textsf{IntCK}$$
IntCK
stands in a very natural relation to other similar logics, like the basic classical conditional logic $$\textsf{CK}$$
CK
and the basic intuitionistic modal logic $$\textsf{IK}$$
IK
. As for the basic intuitionistic conditional logic $$\textsf{ICK}$$
ICK
proposed in Weiss (Journal of Philosophical Logic, 48, 447–469, 2019), $$\textsf{IntCK}$$
IntCK
extends its language with a diamond-like conditional modality $$\Diamond \hspace{-4.0pt}\rightarrow $$

◊

→

, but its ($$\Diamond \hspace{-4.0pt}\rightarrow $$

◊

→

)-free fragment is also a proper extension of $$\textsf{ICK}$$
ICK
. We briefly discuss the resulting gap between the two candidate systems of basic intuitionistic conditional logic and the possible pros and cons of both candidates.
Accessibility improvement and interregional trade flows
Authors: Rokicki Bartlomiej , Vázquez Esteban Fernández , Goliszek Sławomir
Published: July 2024

Accessibility improvement has been regarded as one of the main regional policy goals in the recent decades. As a result, many countries has undertaken complex transport infrastructure investment programmes worth billions of dollars. The best examples of such investment can be China or, in the European context, Spain and more recently Poland. There have been published many analyses focusing on output and employment effects of transport infrastructure investment projects. Yet, there hardly exist any studies that verify their potential influence on interregional trade flows. This paper fills the existing gap in the literature by assessing the impact of accessibility improvement on the volume and the value of interregional trade flows in Poland between 2005 and 2015. We find that there is no statistically significant relationship between travel time reduction and interregional trade. This may explain largely the surprising lack of positive relationship between accessibility improvement and regional GDP growth, reported in previous papers.
Methodological quality of 100 recent systematic reviews of health-related outcome measurement instruments: an overview of reviews
Authors: Elsman Ellen B. M. , Mokkink Lidwine B. , Abma Inger L. , Aiyegbusi Olalekan Lee , Chiarotto Alessandro , Haywood Kirstie L. , Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Oosterveer Daniella M. , Pool Jan J. M. , Swinkels-Meewisse Ilse E. J. , Offringa Martin , Terwee Caroline B.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Systematic reviews evaluating and comparing the measurement properties of outcome measurement instruments (OMIs) play an important role in OMI selection. Earlier overviews of review quality (2007, 2014) evidenced substantial concerns with regards to alignment to scientific standards. This overview aimed to investigate whether the quality of recent systematic reviews of OMIs lives up to the current scientific standards.

Methods

One hundred systematic reviews of OMIs published from June 1, 2021 onwards were randomly selected through a systematic literature search performed on March 17, 2022 in MEDLINE and EMBASE. The quality of systematic reviews was appraised by two independent reviewers. An updated data extraction form was informed by the earlier studies, and results were compared to these earlier studies’ findings.

Results

A quarter of the reviews had an unclear research question or aim, and in 22% of the reviews the search strategy did not match the aim. Half of the reviews had an incomprehensive search strategy, because relevant search terms were not included. In 63% of the reviews (compared to 41% in 2014 and 30% in 2007) a risk of bias assessment was conducted. In 73% of the reviews (some) measurement properties were evaluated (58% in 2014 and 55% in 2007). In 60% of the reviews the data were (partly) synthesized (42% in 2014 and 7% in 2007); evaluation of measurement properties and data syntheses was not conducted separately for subscales in the majority. Certainty assessments of the quality of the total body of evidence were conducted in only 33% of reviews (not assessed in 2014 and 2007). The majority (58%) did not make any recommendations on which OMI (not) to use.

Conclusion

Despite clear improvements in risk of bias assessments, measurement property evaluation and data synthesis, specifying the research question, conducting the search strategy and performing a certainty assessment remain poor. To ensure that systematic reviews of OMIs meet current scientific standards, more consistent conduct and reporting of systematic reviews of OMIs is needed.
Impact of government support policies on entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance
Authors: Prasannath Vanitha , Adhikari Rajendra P. , Gronum Sarel , Miles Morgan P.
Published: July 2024

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are often resource-constrained and motivated by necessity or opportunity. They play an essential role in national economies due to their contributions to employment, human capital development, knowledge spillovers, and social mobility in maintaining diverse entrepreneurial ecosystems. Government support policies (GSP), both financial and nonfinancial, can directly impact SME performance or indirectly by developing an entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Few studies have investigated the important question of how GSP simultaneously may impact both the EO and the performance of an SME. Thus, this paper aims to identify the current understanding of how different forms of GSPs relate to and impact the EO and the performance of SMEs. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology to synthesize this understanding, resulting in 65 relevant articles from the ABI/INFORM, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The relationships between the constructs were analyzed using thematic and semantic analyses, employing computer-assisted data analysis software (NVivo 12 and Leximancer 4.5). This resulted in the categorization of GSPs as direct and indirect support policies, with financial and nonfinancial-subcategories, and depicted their pathways of influence on SMEs’ EO and performance. The study found that GSPs have four different pathways by which they can impact performance. Both direct and indirect policies have moderating effects that can magnify the impact of EO on performance. The review established that the direct effect of GSP on EO varies by sector, SME growth-intention, and type of GSP. Based on the findings, we recommend policymakers develop support policies tailored to SMEs’ specific sector and its intentions to enhance performance.
On the Differentiation of Integrals in Measure Spaces Along Filters: II
Authors: Di Biase Fausto , Krantz Steven G.
Published: July 2024

Let X be a complete measure space of finite measure. The Lebesgue transform of an integrable function f on X encodes the collection of all the mean-values of f on all measurable subsets of X of positive measure. In the problem of the differentiation of integrals, one seeks to recapture f from its Lebesgue transform. In previous work we showed that, in all known results, f may be recaptured from its Lebesgue transform by means of a limiting process associated to an appropriate family of filters defined on the collection $${{\,\mathrm{{\mathcal {A}}}\,}}$$

A

of all measurable subsets of X of positive measure. The first result of the present work is that the existence of such a limiting process is equivalent to the existence of a Von Neumann-Maharam lifting of X. In the second result of this work we provide an independent argument that shows that the recourse to filters is a necessary consequence of the requirement that the process of recapturing f from its mean-values is associated to a natural transformation, in the sense of category theory. This result essentially follows from the Yoneda lemma. As far as we know, this is the first instance of a significant interaction between category theory and the problem of the differentiation of integrals. In the Appendix we have proved, in a precise sense, that natural transformations fall within the general concept of homomorphism. As far as we know, this is a novel conclusion: Although it is often said that natural transformations are homomorphisms of functors, this statement appears to be presented as a mere analogy, not in a precise technical sense. In order to achieve this result, we had to bring to the foreground a notion that is implicit in the subject but has remained hidden in the background, i.e., that of partial magma.
Impact of USMLE Step 1 transition to pass/fail scoring system on medical students’ anxiety, sleep quality, and burnout
Authors: Al Doori Lana , Zaki Peter G. , Joshi Vivek
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Originally designed to evaluate the application of foundational scientific knowledge in clinical contexts, the United States Medical License Exam (USMLE) Step 1 evolved into a comparative tool for assessing candidates with similar educational foundations. This transition heightened the pressure on medical students to excel in the exam. In response, collaborative efforts involving the National Board of Medical Examiners prompted a change from reporting scores to a pass/fail system. The true impact of this shift remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to assess the emotional toll — encompassing burnout, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality — experienced prior to taking the Step 1 exam. Additionally, it aims to uncover potential gender-based disparities in perceived anxiety and depression.

Methods

The study encompasses the entirety of third-year medical students at Drexel University College of Medicine, who were invited to participate in a comprehensive survey. Drawing from retrospection, the survey relies on self-reported data regarding anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and burnout. Data compilation was anonymized and executed via Qualtrics platform.

Results

A total of 102 medical students completed the survey, with a 97% pass rate for the USMLE Step 1. Despite their excellent performance, 75% of students reported inadequate sleep quality, and 68% exhibited mild to moderate anxiety levels. Among them, a higher percentage of females (83%) experienced anxiety compared to their male counterparts (50%). Furthermore, 66% of students felt that their commitment to education exceeded what was reasonable for their well-being.

Conclusions

The transition from traditional scoring to a pass/fail system was ostensibly intended to enhance the mental well-being of medical students. Nevertheless, our findings underscore that students continue to endure heightened levels of stress, anxiety, and burnout during the pivotal month leading up to the Step 1 examination.