bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for Lowering Academic Anxiety in Graduate Students Completing Thesis
Authors: Farahmita Nadia , Paramita Pramesti Pradna
Published: June 2024

One of the tasks of students in achieving their academic degree is completing their final assignment. Postgraduate students who are completing their thesis are expected to be able to produce scientific work, both written and oral. Students experience various difficulties that can potentially cause anxiety. Anxiety in an academic environment is called academic anxiety. This condition can reduce academic performance and achievement. One psychological assistance that can overcome this problem is Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) counseling. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in reducing levels of academic anxiety. This research uses a single case experimental design with research subjects namely postgraduate students who are completing their thesis. The results showed that participants experienced a decrease in academic anxiety scores, were able to evaluate negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional assumptions and found positive things. Therefore, it can be concluded that Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) effectively reduces academic anxiety in a graduate student.Salah satu tugas mahasiswa pascasarjana dalam mencapai gelar akademik yaitu menyelesaikan tugas akhir. Pada mahasiswa pascasarjana yang menyelesaikan tesis diharapkan dapat membuat karya ilmiah baik tulisan maupun lisan. Kenyataannya, mahasiswa mengalami berbagai kesulitan yang dapat berpotensi menimbulkan kecemasan. Kecemasan dalam lingkup akademik disebut kecemasan akademik. Kondisi tersebut dapat menurunkan kinerja dan pretasi akademik. Salah satu bantuan psikologis yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut yaitu dengan konseling Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari  Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) dalam menurunkan tingkat kecemasan akademik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen kasus tunggal dengan subjek penelitian mahasiswa pascasarjana yang sedang menyelesaikan tesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipan mengalami penurunan skor kecemasan akademik, mampu mengevaluasi pikiran negatif otomatis dan asumsi yang disfungsional, dan menemukan hal positif di dalam dirinya. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) efektif untuk menurunkan kecemasan akademik pada mahasiswa.
How Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Think About Their Quality of Life?
Authors: Zefanya Ersa , Purba Fredrick Dermawan
Published: June 2024

Raising a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be challenging for mothers in many ways, their quality of life: social, physical, psychological, etc. This research explored how mothers with ASD perceive their quality of life and what influences those perceptions. This study employed qualitative research design. A total of 3 mothers were participated, using convenience sampling method in Bandung, West Java. This study using a semi-structured interview with a prepared guideline by the researchers, based on strong framework and theory. A method called content analysis was used to systematically understand the challenges they faced, the coping mechanisms they developed, and finally, the factors they believed would improve their quality of life. The data were analyzed using the content analysis approach. The participants reported a variety of difficulties and their way of coping with the problems, following factors that could help them to raise their quality of life. Results reported into 5 themes, following with 13 sub-themes. The main themes included “challenges”, “fears about the future”, “changes in social interactions”, “happiness & gratitude” and “factors to improve QOL”.Hidup berdampingan dengan anak autism spectrum disorder (ASD) dapat memberikan beberapa dampak negatif pada orang tua termasuk kualitas hidup mereka yang terdiri atas aspek sosial, fisik, psikologis, dll. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi persepi orang tua terkait kualitas hidup yang dimiliki serta hal yang melatarbelakanginya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dan teknik convenience sampling. Sebanyak 3 orang tua dari Bandung, Jawa Barat berberpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Guna mengumpulkan data, penelitian ini menggunakan semi-structured interview dengan panduan yang telah disusun berdasarkan teori. Selanjutnya, data di analisis menggunakan pendekatan content analysis. Hasilnya diperoleh bahwa Ibumerasakan beberapa kesulitan dan upaya menghadapinya diikuti dengan beberapa faktor yang dapat membantu Ibu meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini dikelompokkan kedalam 5 tema utama, diikuti dengan 13 sub-tema. Tema utama terdiri atas “tantangan”, “ketakutan tentang masa depan”, “perubahan dalam interaksi sosial”, “kebahagiaan & rasa syukur” dan “faktor untuk meningkatkan QOL”.
The Effectiveness of a Self-Determination Psychoeducational Program for Student with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Primadani Vilia Azhar Chinta , Widyasari Pratiwi
Published: June 2024

Intellectual disability is characterized by a deficit within an individual's intellectual and adaptive abilities. Young adults (18-25 years old) with intellectual disability are hampered in managing executive functions, such as planning, goal setting, or problem-solving abilities, which might hinder their life functioning during the transition to adulthood and post-school. There is a need for training on abilities which can facilitate individuals within this transition period, one of which is the ability of self-determination. This research aims to see the effectiveness of SDLMI (Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction) program toward self-determination skills of an 18-year-old individual with intellectual disability. The method applied is a single subject pre-post test design, measured using knowledge evaluation and SDI:SR (Self-Determination Inventory: Students' Report). The results showed an increase in the subject's understanding and belief in their self-determination abilities. Apart from that, the subject was able to set goals and plan to achieve those goals. Even so, the subject still needed assistance in implementing the plans that have been prepared. This study implies the importance to practice self determination abilities for individuals with intellectual disability, accompanied by a structured collaboration and guidance from educational institutions and family.Disabilitas intelektual ditandai dengan adanya defisit pada kemampuan intelektual dan adaptif pada individu. Penyandang disabilitas intelektual yang berusia dewasa muda (18-25 tahun) terkendala dalam pengelolaan fungsi eksekutif yang melibatkan kemampuan perencanaan, penetapan tujuan, ataupun pemecahan masalah, dimana, hal ini dapat menghambat keberfungsian hidup mereka pada masa transisi menuju fase dewasa dan pasca sekolah. Diperlukan adanya pelatihan pada kemampuan yang dapat memfasilitasi individu dalam masa transisi tersebut, salah satunya adalah kemampuan determinasi diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas program SDLMI (Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction) terhadap kemampuan determinasi diri penyandang disabilitas intelektual berusia 18 tahun. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah desain subjek tunggal pre-post test dengan pengukuran evaluasi pengetahuan dan SDI:SR (Self-Determination Inventory: Students' Report). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dalam pemahaman serta keyakinan subjek terhadap kemampuan determinasi diri. Selain itu, subjek mampu untuk menetapkan tujuan serta melakukan perencanaan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Meskipun begitu, subjek masih memerlukan adanya pendampingan dalam menerapkan perencanaan yang telah disusun. Adapun implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melatih kemampuan determinasi diri individu penyandang disabilitas intelektual, yang disertai dengan adanya kolaborasi dan bimbingan terstruktur dari institusi pendidikan dan keluarga.
Psychometric Properties of The General Sequential Reasoning Verbal Test (GSR-V): Deductive Reasoning Ability Test
Authors: Rahayu Dwi Ayu Puji , Seniati Ali Nina Liche
Published: June 2024

Deductive reasoning is at the core of rationality and is one of the main components that describe the level of intelligence. However, instruments for measuring deductive reasoning in Indonesia have limited accessibility, with unpublished psychometric properties. This study aims to develop an instrument for measuring deductive reasoning ability, namely the General Sequential Reasoning-Verbal (GSR-V), and examine its psychometric properties (reliability, validity, factor structure). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 163 students in grades 10, 11, and 12 from several senior high schools in Indonesia using convenience sampling. The instrument consists of two types of tasks: syllogism and conditional reasoning. Data were collected online and analyzed based on item difficulty, item discrimination, reliability, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and convergent validity. The results revealed that the 20-item GSR-V is reliable and exhibits a two-factor structure (syllogism and conditional reasoning) with adequate model fit. Additionally, convergent validity analysis indicated that the GSR-V meets composite reliability and factor loading standards, although the average variance extracted (AVE) values were insufficient. The GSR-V has proven to be quite reliable and valid in measuring verbal deductive reasoning in the Indonesian context, thus providing a relevant tool for various deductive reasoning assessment purposes in Indonesian samples.Penalaran deduktif merupakan inti dari rasionalitas dan salah satu komponen utama yang menggambarkan tingkat kecerdasan, namun alat ukur penalaran deduktif di Indonesia memiliki akses yang terbatas dengan properti psikometri yang tidak dipublikasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat ukur penalaran deduktif yaitu General Sequential Reasoning-Verbal (GSR-V) dan meneliti kualitas psikometrinya (reliabilitas, validitas, struktur faktor). Penelitian dilakukan secara cross-sectional dengan partisipan 163 siswa kelas 10-12 dari beberapa SMA di Indonesia yang diperoleh melalui teknik convenience sampling. Alat ukur terdiri dari dua jenis tugas, yaitu silogisme dan kondisional. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara daring. Data dianalisis berdasarkan tingkat kesulitan dan daya pembeda item, reliabilitas, analisis faktor konfirmatori (CFA), serta analisis validitas konvergen. Diperoleh hasil bahwa 20 item GSR-V dapat diandalkan dan memiliki struktur dua faktor (silogisme dan kondisional) dengan kesesuaian model yang memadai. Selain itu, analisis validitas konvergen menunjukkan bahwa GSR-V memenuhi standar reliabilitas komposit dan muatan faktor, namun nilai average variance extracted (AVE) belum memadai. GSR-V terbukti cukup reliabel dan valid dalam mengukur penalaran deduktif secara verbal dengan bahasa Indonesia, sehingga relevan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan pengukuran penalaran deduktif pada sampel Indonesia.
A Research on the Awareness Levels of Secondary School Students about Some Concepts Related to Agriculture: An Example of Kars
Authors: Çalışır Yasin , Gücüm E. Berna
Published: June 2024

This study aims to determine the awareness levels of our students residing in urban and rural areas regarding their perceptions of selected current fundamental concepts which are related to interdisciplinary learning-based agriculture. The data are collected with a questionnaire containing 16 current agricultural concepts developed by the researcher. Survey research, which is one of the quantitative research methods, is used as the research method. The study is conducted with 1209 secondary school students (5-8th grades) using a layered purposive sampling method. The results show that the awareness levels of the students participating in this study regarding current concepts in agriculture differ in gender, class level, father's profession, and the characteristics of the place of residence. Despite variations in some concepts, in general, it is observed that male students in 7th and 8th grades, the students whose fathers are farmers, and those residing in villages and county towns have an advantage in terms of the gender variable. It is observed that our students have lower knowledge levels in terms of heirloom, genetically modified seeds, medicinal and aromatic plants, and agricultural ecology among the 16 current concepts and they seem to be more knowledgeable about concepts such as good farming practices, desertification, water management, drought, human-induced soil degradation, food safety, and conservation of plant. Especially our students, who are the future of our society, need to have basic knowledge about agriculture in order to make decisions about agriculture. In the light of the results obtained from our study, it can be said that teaching agriculture as a course in secondary schools or including these subjects in the content of science courses will contribute to our country and our world.
Эффективность нимодипина при сочетанной цереброваскулярной патологии
Authors: Ганьшина Тамара Сергеевна , Курза Е. В. , Гнездилова А. В. , Мирзоян Рубен Симонович
Published: June 2024

В опытах на крысах изучено влияние нимодипина (0,02 мг/кг, внутривенно) на локальный мозговой кровоток в коре головного мозга в условиях сочетанной цереброваскулярной патологии (модель геморрагической трансформации ишемического инсульта), при которой в контроле наблюдается значительное уменьшение кровоснабжения головного мозга. В этих условиях нимодипин вызывает увеличение мозгового кровотока на 42,3 (10,5 – 57,1) %, в отличие от сочетанной сосудистой патологии головного мозга и сердца, когда кровоток, напротив, уменьшается. Этот эффект нимодипина сопоставим со способностью препарата увеличивать мозговое кровообращение при ишемическом поражении головного мозга и выражен в значительно большей степени, чем в условиях моделей геморрагического инсульта или инфаркта миокарда. Неодинаковые результаты цереброваскулярного эффекта нимодипина на двух моделях сочетанной сосудистой патологии свидетельствуют о необходимости их внедрения в практику экспериментальной фармакологии.
Сравнительная оценка кровезамещающих препаратов с газотранспортной функцией на основе перфторуглеродов
Authors: Кажлаев А. Ю. , Крылов Николай Николаевич , Карпенко И. В.
Published: June 2024

Статья посвящена сравнительной оценке свойств и клинических характеристик зарубежных кровозаменителей с газотранспортной функцией, созданных на основе перфторуглеродов, и отечественного препарата «Перфторан». Для этого рассмотрены результаты предварительных исследований флукозола DA, оксигента Oxygent, оксицита Oxycyte, OxyFluor и эмульсии № II. Представлены доказательства достижения мирового приоритета для отечественного препарата в этой области.
A Pleistocene Amphibian Assemblage of the Taurida Cave, Crimea
Authors: Syromyatnikova Elena V. , Tarasova Maria S.
Published: July 2024

Six amphibian taxa are described within the Pleistocene vertebrate assemblage of the Taurida cave (Crimean Peninsula): Lissotriton sp., Strauchbufo raddei, Bufotes viridis, Rana cf. macrocnemis, Pelophylax ridibundus, and Pelophylax sp. The possible presence of second species of the genus Rana is suggested. Three of described species do not occur on the Crimean Peninsula currently, but apparently inhabited it during the Early Pleistocene. The ranid frogs in Crimea were taxonomically more divers in the Pleistocene than today. Strauchbufo raddei and Bufotes viridis come from different periods of sediment accumulation of the Taurida cave, during the Early Pleistocene and the late Middle Pleistocene, respectively. The presence of the Mongolian toad, Strauchbufo raddei, not previously reported from Crimea, confirms a wide distribution of this species during the Early Pleistocene of Eastern Europe. The Taurida cave represents the first Pleistocene amphibian assemblage of Crimea.
Razão neutrófilo/linfócito e plaquetas/linfócito e desfecho pós primeira quimioterapia de pacientes com câncer de mama em uma cidade de minas gerais
Authors: PUJATTI Priscilla Brunelli , VIEIRA Arthur Viana , OLIVEIRA Carlos Gabriel , ALMAS Taynara Maria , LOPES Thaís Faria
Published: June 2024

Objetivo. Avaliar os fatores associados à resposta inflamatória pré e pós primeira quimioterapia em pacientes oncológicos, por meio da determinação da razão de neutrófilos para linfócitos (RNL) e a razão de plaquetas para linfócitos (RPL) na população com cancer de mama em Barbacena e verificar se essas contribuem para o desfecho observado. Métodos. Estudo retrospectivo, incluindo 152 pacientes com câncer de mama referenciados ao hospital Ibiapaba CEBAMS, em Barbacena, MG, entre os anos de 2016 a 2021. Os resultados de hemogramas completo periférico anterior a qualquer procedimento terapêutico (hemograma basal - cirurgia, radioterapia ou quimioterapia) foram coletados; bem como os exames de acompanhamento. Além disso, foram também coletados os dados relativos ao resultado do primeiro tratamento e/ou data da progressão da doença ou óbito. A RNL foi obtida pela razão entre a contagem absoluta de neutrófilos e a contagem absoluta de linfócitos. A RPL foi calculada dividindo o número absoluto de plaquetas pelo número absolute de linfócitos. Foi calculada a mediana de RNL e RPL e os dados foram processados em software estatístico Jasp v. 16.4.0. Resultados. Observou-se que ambas as alterações no RNL e no RPL foram preditoras de desfecho, com pacientes de progressão ou óbito com maior RNL (p = 0,034) e RPL (p = 0,043) no hemograma pós primeiro ciclo de tratamento. O tamanho de efeito para ambas as relações foi 0,218. Conclusão. Conforme esperado, a RNL e a RPL foram úteis como preditoras de desfecho pós primeiro tratamento em pacientes com câncer de mama.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ТЕНЗОРНОЇ АЛГЕБРИ В ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЛЬНОМУ ЧИСЛЕННІ БАГАТОВИМІРНИХ ВІДОБРАЖЕНЬ
Authors: Бохонов Юрій
Published: June 2024

Формулювання проблеми. Відомо формули, за якими можна знайти похідну кожного елемента багатовимірного відображення. При цьому досить рідко на практиці використовують матрицю Якобі - першу його похідну, матрицю Гессе – другу похідну скалярної функції кількох змінних, тощо. В той самий час застосування матриць як технічного апарата при розв’язуванні подібних задач виявляється зручним і ефективним. На цьому шляху все ж виникають труднощі, наприклад, при матричному запису похідної від матриці. Виявляється, що для адекватного опису подібних конструкцій варто використовувати тензорні добутки матриць, де разом зі звичайними матрицями та векторами працюють з формальним вектором - лінійним оператором, елементами якого є оператори частинних похідних. При цьому формули для похідної довільного і диференціалу порядку від вектор-функції стають зрозумілими і прозорими.
Матеріали і методи. Для дослідження похідних високих порядків багатовимірних відображень широко використовується метод тензорних (кронекерівських) добутків матриць. При цьому похідна довільного порядку вектор-функції визначається як тензорний степінь формального диференціального оператора першого порядку – транспонованого вектора-градієнта. Дія таких тензорних виразів на вектор-функцію дає її похідну відповідного порядку. Це дає змогу описати мовою матриць конструкцію похідних, що на якісному рівні відрізняється від знаходження частинних похідних від кожної компоненти багатовимірного відображення. 
Результати. За допомогою використання тензорних добутків матриць доведено і детально виписано формули для першої і другої похідних вектор-функцій, а також вказано, як знаходиться похідна довільного порядку. В класичних курсах математичного аналізу, як правило, виписуються матриця Якобі багатовимірного відображення і матриця Гессе (друга похідна) скалярнозначної функції багатовимірного аргументу. В пропонованій статті показано алгоритм знаходження довільної похідної як оператора, що діє в тензорному добутку лінійних просторів, що дає змогу краще усвідомити цю важливу конструкцію математичного аналізу.
Висновки. Широке застосування тензорних операцій, в яких діє також формальний вектор-оператор похідної першого порядку виявляється дуже ефективним. Більш того, на цьому шляху вдається показати структуру, з’ясувати, елементами яких лінійних просторів є похідні. На цьому шляху зразу вдається одержати усі похідні шуканого порядку, а не кожну частинну похідну окремо.
DETERMINING THE DENSITY AND MOLAR MASS OF AIR IN A HOME EXPERIMENT
Authors: Podlasov Serhii
Published: June 2024

Formulation of the problem. Experimental research is an integral part of physics education. During distance learning, students can carry out hands-on experiments only at home. Modern smartphones, equipped with various sensors, offer significant capabilities  for  this  purpose.  The   literature   offers   quite   extensive   descriptions   of   experiments   aimed   at   determining mechanical, acoustic, and optical quantities using smartphones. At the same time, insufficient attention has been paid to determining gas parameters that can be measured using the pressure sensor embedded in smartphones. Therefore, the relevant task is to develop a methodology for experimenting to determine the density of air and its molar mass at home using a pressure sensor.
Materials and methods. To achieve the objective of the study, we used the analysis of the curriculum of the course "General Physics for Bachelor of Engineering", a review of the methodological instructions for performing laboratory work in the section "Molecular Physics and Thermodynamics" of the physics course of technical universities, a review of the literature on the topic of the study, and an analysis of the results of student research on the dependence of air pressure on altitude. We also surveyed students about the possibility of conducting the research at home and their interest in conducting other experiments using a smartphone.
Results. The methodology for determining the density and molar mass of air was developed based on the results of a study of the pressure-height dependence. It is shown that it is necessary to perform statistical processing of experimental data to estimate the sought quantities. The experimental results allowed us to obtain values of density and molar mass of air that show a good correlation with the tabulated values.
Conclusions. Studying the pressure-altitude relationship using a smartphone and the PhyPhox application allows for fairly accurate calculations of air density and molar mass. According to the survey results, students responded positively to conducting home experiments using smartphones.
Unveiling the antibacterial potential of nature-inspired material for designing food-related coatings
Authors: Dang Yen , Dinh Khuong Ba , Nguyen Tien Thanh , Duong The Hy
Published: July 2024

The escalating challenge of antibiotic resistance has driven the innovation of new antibacterial and antifouling materials. Recent developments focus on nature-inspired topographical engineering and nanostructured surfaces to combat resistant bacteria. This review discusses these advances, emphasizing the potential of nanoantibiotics and biopolymers. Nanoantibiotics revitalize drug effectiveness by encapsulating them in nanoparticles, presenting a new strategy to fight pathogens. Biopolymers, eco-friendly and biodegradable, emerge as a sustainable alternative, with applications in food safety and beyond. The exploration of these materials signifies a leap in design, fabrication, and the possibility of cost-effective, large-scale production, highlighting a promising avenue for commercial applications to tackle antibiotic resistance and biofouling effectively.
The "people's party of the Mountaineers of the Caucasus": ideology, activities and crises
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irina L. Babich
Published: June 2024

The aim of the article is to consider the history of the creation, ideology and main stages of the activity of one of the main parties of North Caucasians in exile - the “People’s Party of the Cauca-sus Highlanders,” which functioned in Europe from 1926 until the start of World War II. The sources of this article were the documents from the archives of France and Russia, as well as arti-cles by the leaders of this party. The party’s head, a Turkish citizen and the grandson of Imam Shamil - Said, is given special focus, as is the role of Polish politician and military figure Tadeusz Schetzel. The author investigates party membership, ideology, and the attitudes of its ideologists (B. Bilatti, T. Elekhoti, B. Baitugan, etc.) toward the “Caucasian Confederation” concept. This ar-ticle aims to study the tools of the party’s activities (future war, League of Nations, etc.). There are four periods in the party’s activity: 1926–1930, 1931–1933, 1934–1936, 1937–1939. The au-thor investigates both internal and foreign issues in the party. The “People’s Party of the Caucasus Mountain People,” on the one hand, did not have significant success in the socio-political life of North Caucasian emigrants in Europe in the 1920s-1930s, did not gain authority and respect among compatriots, but, on the other hand, it was a very important experience in the highlanders’ political activities and a very deep stage in the development of their political self-awareness.
Demography and development: historical experience and current problems of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Authors:   Kabardin-Balkar Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aslan Kh. Borov
Published: June 2024

The demographic characteristics of society act at any given moment as factors determining the possibilities and limitations of socio-economic development, but over long historical stages, they themselves change under the influence of socio-economic changes. This relationship should be considered when setting goals and objectives for both economic and demographic policies at the national and regional levels. This paper provides a review of the leading trends and results of the economic and socio-demographic evolution of Kabardino-Balkaria during the Soviet era and the main features of the current demographic situation in the context of the region’s transition to an innovative path of socio-economic development. The socio-economic modernization of the Soviet period was accompanied by demographic modernization. The population of Kabardino-Balkaria grew rapidly and acquired a new sociocultural appearance, becoming more diverse in ethnic com-position, urban in settlement structure and way of life. By the end of the Soviet era, the demo-graphic transition was completed, the level of education of the population of the republic was comparable to all-Russian parameters, its socio-professional structure acquired a diversified and generally modern character. However, the transition from the Soviet to the post-Soviet social and state system was accompanied not just by a deep economic recession, but by the phenomena of structural deindustrialization and demodernization. A reflection of these socio-economic condi-tions is the ambivalence of the demographic situation – a significant slowdown in natural growth, the aging of the population, a shift in the age distribution of marriage and birth rate towards older ages, a change in the vector of migration processes from inflow to outflow, a decrease in the share of the urban population, a reduction in industrial employment, a decline in the Russian population, reaching a plateau in dynamics and a deterioration in comparative indicators of the level of educa-tion. Meanwhile, qualitatively new tasks have appeared on the agenda, placing increased demands on the quality of human potential of modern development.
On the issue of debt fulfillment in the system of regulation of public relations among the Balkars in the last third of the XIX – early XX century
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, Azinat Zh. Baichekueva
Published: June 2024

The article defines the role of debt obligations in the system of regulation of public relations among the Balkarian population of the Nalchik district of the Tersk region in the last third of the XIX – early XX century. For this purpose, the practice of resolving disputes and conflicts on them in the Nalchik Mountain Verbal Court, rural (village) and mediation courts is considered. It was established that at that time, debt obligations of this group of the population arose within the framework of a wide range of property relations (arising from contracts of begenda or ortak; vio-lations of the terms of loans from the Kabardian public sum; non-fulfillment of the terms of con-tracts for the purchase and sale of land, agricultural products, livestock; violations of the terms of marriage agreements (payment kalyma), etc.). It is concluded that the main form of liability for this category of disputes was material or monetary compensation in an amount equivalent to the damage suffered, which establishes its typological similarity with other groups of public relations regulated at that time on the basis of the norms of customary law of the Balkars.
Rules for emigration of peoples of the Northwestern and Central Caucasus to the Ottoman Empire in the Russian documents of the 2nd half of the 19th century
Authors:   Kabardian-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Anzor V. Kushkhabiev
Published: June 2024

The rules intended to regulate the emigration of peoples of the Northwestern and Central Caucasus to the Ottoman Empire in the 2nd half of the 19th century are contained mainly in the office doc-umentation of Russian military and administrative bodies: the administrations of the Caucasian Military District, the Main headquarters of the Caucasian Army, the headquarters of the troops of the Kuban region, the administrations of the chiefs of the Kabardin and Natukhai districts, the administrations of the Lower Kuban cordon line, the Maykop fortification, etc. (reports, letters, prescriptions, reviews, relations, conditions). The content of the paragraphs of many documents in this group is the same. The rules established for groups and individuals preparing to move to the Ottoman Empire a time frame, points for obtaining foreign passports and departure, routes and conditions for their movement in the Caucasus, conditions for their sale of livestock, etc. A num-ber of documents contain the conditions under which Russian merchants were obliged to transport Circassians from the Caucasian to the Ottoman coast of Black Sea. A number of documents also say that military officials demanded that their subordinates speed up the emigration of the Circas-sians. The prescription of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the envoy to the Ottoman Empire (dated July 19, 1861) contains the positions and mutual demands of the Ottoman and Rus-sian governments on the issue of the resettlement of Caucasian Muslims to the Ottoman Empire, as well as the some legal aspects of this process. The content of the rules for regulating the migration of peoples of the Northwestern Cauca-sus to the Ottoman Empire in subsequent periods, in general, coincides with the content of such rules of the late 50s – 60s XIX century.
Prerevolutionary historiographical sources of administrative and legal integration of the North Caucasus to Russia in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petr A. Kuzminov , Eldar Z. Tlostanov ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov
Published: June 2024

The article examines the legality of using pre-revolutionary authors’ works not only as historical but also as historiographical sources, drawing on materials from Russia’s administrative and legal policy in the North Caucasus in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This approach opens up new avenues for extracting information from previously known scientific works, because, in addition to data on the topic under study, the historiographer considers the au-thor’s personality, level of education, intelligence, literary quality of the text, the goals of the arti-cle or book, the concepts defended, the ideological positions of the publication/publisher’s edito-rial board, and so on. This approach expands the informative significance of the publications un-der study, helps to comprehend their place among other works on the research topic. The article assesses the study’s core concept – “historiographical source” – in regional and all-Russian historiography. The analysis of the potential of the materials presented in pre-revolutionary historiography allows the entire corpus of historiographical sources to be divided into several hierarchical groups: monographs (books), collections of documents, articles summa-rizing works, reviews, obituaries, reference materials, documents of local lore organizations, and so on. This article employs certain categories of historiographical sources. The viewpoint on dividing the pre-revolutionary periodical press into two major trends: of-ficially protected and liberal democratic. The contribution of the most prominent scientists and local historians to the development of a historiographical tradition on the investigated topic is evaluated. Materials from the pre-revolutionary periodical press are revealed, containing infor-mation about the evolution of views and scientific concepts of a number of authors, which deter-mine the sound of the problem under discussion, bear the imprint of time, and allow a closer look at the flavor of the era under study.
Terek and Dagestan at the turn of 1917-1918. in the description of general A.I. Denikin
Authors:   Northwest Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Vladimir B. Lobanov
Published: June 2024

The article touches upon the topics related to the reflection of the development of the revolution and the Civil War in the Tersk-Dagestan region at the turn of 1917-1918 in the description of General A.I. Denikin in the 2nd volume of “Essays of the Russian Troubles”. The author examines a wide range of issues related to the revolutionary process in the North Caucasus after the Bolshe-viks seized power. The emphasis is on the fact that, due to historical, territorial, and national qual-ities, one of the first anti-Bolshevik hubs was established in the former Russian Empire’s south-east. Because of historical peculiarities of the region’s development in the period 1917-1920, rela-tions between the Terek Cossacks and nonresidents, and the Terek Cossacks and Ossetians, Che-chens and Ingush intensified. To understand the regional alignment of forces, General A.I. Denikin gave brief characteristics of local peoples and their role in revolutionary events. On the one hand, the emphasis is placed on the indomitable, superficial Bolshevism of the mountain peoples who used the revolutionary restructuring of Russian society for self-serving interests, on the other hand, the passive role of the Terek Cossacks was noted, on which, including General A.I. Denikin, hopes were pinned in the fight against regional Bolshevism. Separately, General A.I. Denikin con-sidered two regional attempts to create an interregional military-political movement against the Bolshevization of the North Caucasus. The first concerned the created in May 1917 Union of the United Highlanders of the North Caucasus and Dagestan, later, in December 1917, joined forces with the Terek Cossack government and formed the Provisional Terek-Dagestan Government headed by the Terek ataman M.A. Karaulov. The second attempt, which concerned the creation of a wider representation of the South-Eastern Union in September 1917, seemed to General A.I. Denikin more promising, however, because of prevailing military and political situation in revolu-tionary Russia in the autumn of 1917, it failed. Separately, it is worth noting the regret that the general reflected on the pages of his memoirs due to the fact that a real opportunity was missed to unite the White Guards and the mountain liberal movement into a single anti-Bolshevik camp.
Planning and accounting activities and periodic reporting of the prosecutor's office of the Kabar-dino-Balkarian autonomous region in 1925-1926: features and prospects of source analysis
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, Zalim T. Mirzoev
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the peculiarities and prospects of the source analysis of planning and ac-counting activities and periodic reporting of the Prosecutor's office of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Region in 1925-1926. For this purpose, the plans of regional and district prosecutor's offices, checklists for collecting information on the current activities of regional prosecutor's of-fices, notebooks for recording the participation of public prosecutors in court sessions, statements on the movement of inquiries, investigative cases, cases of press revelations, monthly statements, survey reports, characteristics, literary (text) and "digital" (quantitative) reports (with elements of statistical generalization), summary reports on personnel and current activities, semi-annual re-ports on the work of the Prosecutor's office of the KBAO and district prosecutor's offices, crime reports, etc. It was established that information on the personnel composition, plans and account-ing of daily work, the management of assistants, the organization of the activities of prosecutors, the effectiveness of work with the rural population, the quality of supervisory activities, the state of crime, interaction with court authorities, criminal labor institutions, preventive activities to combat crime were subject to accounting etc. It is assumed that the analysis of the planning, ac-counting and reporting documentation of the Prosecutor's office of the KBAO in the second half of the 20s of the twentieth century has a further research perspective for studying the features of the formation and development of the mechanism of the young Soviet state and its system of law en-forcement agencies, the dynamics of the cadre and the regional specifics of supervisory activities for compliance socialist legality in the territory of the KBAO and the fight against crime, etc.
Circassian women and the soviet power: on the course of “mountain women’s liberation” on the pages of the magazine «Truzhenitsa Severnogo Kavkaza» (1925-1927)
Authors:   State Archive of the Rostov Region, Nataliya Yu. Kulish
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the representation of the processes included in the extensive set of measures called ‘emancipation of the mountain woman’ on the pages of the magazine ‘Tru-zhenitsa Severnogo Kavkaza’, the official press organ of the women’s department of the North Caucasian regional executive committee on the example of work with Circassian women. This study examines the demonstration to the public (in particular, to the female masses) of the results of the Soviet authorities’ activities regarding the Circassian women who inhabited the territory of several autonomous regions of the Soviet Union: Adygeya (Cherkessia), Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia: it highlights its various directions such as education, the elimination of domestic and political illiteracy, the involvement of women in industrial work, the opening not only of clubs for women but also of artels and workshops. The article presents the materials of the magazine reflecting the work of the Soviet authorities with Circassian women for 1925-1927, up to the time when the magazine was renamed.
Daily life of the population of Kabardino-Balkaria during the Great Patriotic war: historiography, sources
Authors:   The Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Sci-entific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Alim I. Tetuev
Published: June 2024

The article examines the study of the everyday life of the population of Kabardino-Balkaria during the Great Patriotic War in Russian and foreign historiography. The article pays particular attention to controversial issues that require an analytical approach. Research by historians devoted to the problems of the relationship between government and society, labor and normalized everyday life of the population is analyzed. The research reveals that there is not sufficient understanding of the experience of state and public associations in organizing social protection of the population. Prob-lems related to state policy and public initiatives to provide targeted support to the most vulnera-ble categories of the population and assistance to the front have been studied. A study of publica-tions on the state of medical care and living conditions of the population does not provide an ob-jective picture of the problem under consideration, since many of them lack a comparative analy-sis with all-Russian and regional indicators. The works of historians provide a detailed analysis of the issues related to information and ideological work, particularly in shaping the public con-sciousness of the population. At the same time, it has been established that the forms and methods of forming patriotic values of the civilian population in the rear remain undisclosed. The study of works related to the study of the daily life of the Balkar population in the conditions of a special settlement made it possible to determine conceptual approaches to the problem under study and to identify the characteristic features of its transformation at different stages. Characteristics of col-lections of documents and archival sources are given. Authors conclude that Russian and regional historiography reflect, to some extent, the study of the everyday living conditions of various popu-lation groups. However, the everyday life of the inhabitants of Kabardino-Balkaria has not been studied based on modern principles and methods of historical science.
Features of memoir prose by A. Urusova (using the example of the book “Memories of contempo-raries”)
Authors:   Institute of Humanitarian Researches – branch of Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fatima T. Uzdenova
Published: June 2024

The work examines the features and historical and cultural significance of memoir prose, theoreti-cal and methodological approaches to the study of the genre. Based on the work of A. Urusova, an attempt was made to identify the aesthetic beginning of the memoirs in the totality of their dis-tinctive features: personal experience (through the prism of the author’s individual perception), factuality, retrospectiveness, authenticity, as well as a comprehensive and new look at the work of the Karachay writer, characterized by a non-standard set axiological models of self-expression, a tendency towards clairism, modality. Because of the study of the text of A. Urusova’s book “Yomur tanyshlany sagynyu” (“Memories of contemporaries”, 1975), which reflected the histori-cal fate of the Karachay people through the prism of the activities of passionaries, the concept of historical and typological study of the memoir genre was substantiated, the features of the style and language of memoirs, principles images, the role and place of memoirs in the cultural life of the people and era are revealed. The theoretical significance of the work is in deepening ideas about various literary phenomena, in particular the genre of non-fiction prose - memoirs. Research methods: cultural-historical, descriptive-functional, biographical, historical-typological.
«The Book of our Father Korkut» in children’s Literature
Authors:   Dagestan State Pedagogical University named after Rasula Gamzatova, Imperiyat A. Khalipaeva , Burkhan A. Berberov ,   The Institute of Humanitarian Studies is a branch of the Kabardino–Balkarian Scien-tific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Adam M. Gutov ,   The Institute of Humanitarian Studies is a branch of the Kabardino–Balkarian Scien-tific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-3719
The lexical and semantic field of the word duniya ‘world, universe’ in the karachay-balkar lan-guage
Authors:   The Institute of Humanitarian Studies is a branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leyla M. Kabardokova
Published: June 2024

The article offers a thorough examination of the Arabic-Persian borrowed lexeme duniya ‘world, universe’ in the Karachay-Balkar language. The lexical and semantic characteristics of free and lexicalized phrases, as well as idioms of the phraseological type, including this term, are exam-ined. The paper examines the motivating features of the use of the reduplicating component in paired-repeated isolated constructions consisting of lexicalized forms of the original and local cases with component-collective semantic shades. It examines the ways of phonetic development of the borrowed word duniya ‘world, universe’ in the Karachay-Balkar language, analyzes the word-formation and inflectional affixes characterizing the phonetic and morphological features of syntactic constructions of varying complexity. The paper emphasizes the importance of affixal morphemes in organizing the lexical and semantic structure of derived bases and stable combina-tions. The structural and semantic analysis of stable combinations with the word dunya ‘world, universe’ indicates that indecomposable lexical and phraseological units are created as a result of the lexical and semantic transformation of models of free phrases.
The procedural code of culture in kabardian proverbs and sayings
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh.M. Berbekov, Marina Ch. Kremshokalova , Ruslan Kh. Urusov ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh.M. Berbekov
Published: June 2024

The article examines the peculiarity of the implementation of the procedural code in Kabardian proverbs and sayings. The subject code is the most explored in linguistic study, allowing us to re-flect on numerous ideas that are important in people’s axiology. Due to the lack of research on the procedural codes of culture, the necessity of introducing these symbolic representations into the scientific field is justified. The aim of the study is to identify the semiotic elements of Kabardian paroemias that mark the value representations of native speakers. The scientific novelty consists in presenting the mechanisms of encoding the ethnomental paradigms of epistemology, in reflect-ing the deep structures of consciousness through words associated with the most important verbs of action. As a result of the study, the most frequent words projecting cultural dominants are iden-tified and their semantic classification is presented.
Onomastic space of Rasul Gamzatov's works
Authors:   A.I. Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University (Dagestan branch), Ruganiyat A. Musayeva
Published: June 2024

The article examines the onomastic space of poetry by the outstanding poet of the 20th century Rasul Gamzatov. This study reveals the role of proper names in the poet’s work, reflects the im-portance of onyms in the realization of the creative idea of the works, in reflecting the individual author’s picture of the world. The article classifies proper names according to semantic and struc-tural categories. The analysis of onyms is conducted and their place in the “core-periphery” sys-tem of the onomastic field is determined. In the onomastic space of the works of the author under study, it was possible to identify the following types of onyms that can be classified as paratextu-al: designation, title, epigraph, dedication. During the analysis of the onomastic space, it was es-tablished that proper names, both intertextual and paratextual, play an important and organic role in the stylistic system of the author’s texts, since, possessing a wealth of semantic connections, complex associations and connotations, contribute to the formation of the general imagery of Rasul Gamzatov’s works.