bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To follow or not to follow your gaze: The interplay between strategic control and the eye contact effect on gaze-induced attention orienting.
Authors: Kompatsiari Kyveli , Ciardo Francesca , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

Eye contact constitutes a strong communicative signal in human interactions and has been shown to modulate various cognitive processes and states. However, little is known about its impact on gaze-mediated attentional orienting in the context of its interplay with strategic top-down control. Here, we aimed at investigating how the social component of eye contact interacts with the top-down strategic control. To this end, we designed a gaze cueing paradigm with iCub humanoid robot, in which iCub either established eye contact with the participants before averting its gaze or avoided their eyes. Across four experiments, we manipulated gaze cue validity to either elicit strategic top-down inhibitory activity (25% validity) or to allow for relaxing the control mechanisms (50% validity). Also, we manipulated the stimulus-onset-asynchrony (SOA) to examine the dynamics of the top-down modulatory effects. Our results showed that eye contact influenced the gaze cueing effect when the strategic control was not required, by prolonging the prioritized processing of the gazed-at locations. Thus, the effect was observed only when the measurement was taken after a sufficient amount of time (1000 ms SOA). However, when inhibitory control was necessary (25% validity), the social component was not potent enough to exert influence over the gaze cueing effect independently. Overall, we propose that strategic top-down control is the primary driving force over the gaze cueing effect and that the social aspect plays a modulatory effect by prolonging prioritized processing of gazed-at locations.
Adolescent Social Communication Through Smartphones: Linguistic Features of Internalizing Symptoms and Daily Mood
Authors: McNeilly Elizabeth A. , Mills Kathryn L. , Kahn Lauren Emily , Crowley Ryann , Pfeifer Jennifer H , Allen Nicholas B.
Published: April 2021

The increasing use of smartphone technology by adolescents has led to unprecedented opportunities to identify early indicators of shifting mental health. This intensive longitudinal study examined the extent to which differences in mental health and daily mood are associated with digital social communication in adolescence. In a sample of 30 adolescents (ages 11-15 years), we analyzed 22,152 messages from social media, email, and texting across one month. Lower daily mood was associated with linguistic features reflecting self-focus and reduced temporal distance. Adolescents with lower daily mood tended to send fewer positive emotion words on a daily basis, and more total words on low mood days. Adolescents with lower daily mood and higher depression symptoms tended to use more future focus words. Dynamic linguistic features of digital social communication that relate to changes in mental states may represent a novel target for passive detection of risk and early intervention in adolescence.
Executive Function as a Mechanism Linking Socioeconomic Status to Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents
Authors: McNeilly Elizabeth A. , Peverill Matthew , Jung Jiwon , McLaughlin Katie A
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThe association between low socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood and increased risk for psychopathology is well established, but the mechanisms explaining this relationship are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the potential role of difficulties in executive functioning (EF) as a mechanism linking childhood and adolescent SES with externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. MethodsWe examined whether difficulties with EF mediated the association between SES and externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in two cross-sectional samples of children and adolescents (Study 1: N=94, ages 6-18, 51.1% male; Study 2: N=259, ages 8-16, 54.1% male) from diverse SES backgrounds in the United States. EF was measured through behavioral tasks and parent-reported behavioral regulation (BR). ResultsIn both samples, children and adolescents from lower SES families were more likely to experience both externalizing and internalizing psychopathology than youth from more advantaged backgrounds and exhibited greater EF difficulties – they had lower performance on a task measuring inhibitory control and lower parent-rated BR. Reduced inhibitory control and BR, in turn, were associated with higher externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. In Study 1, difficulties with BR mediated the association of low-SES with both externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. In Study 2, low inhibitory control mediated the association between low-SES and externalizing psychopathology. These findings largely persisted after adjusting for exposure to violence, a form of adversity that is common in children from low-SES backgrounds. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that reduced EF may be an underlying mechanism through which low-SES confers risk for psychopathology in children and adolescents.
Causal Analysis as a Bridge Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Authors: Blersch Rosemary , Franchuk Neil , Lucas Miranda , Nord Christina , Varsanyi Stephanie , Bonnell Tyler
Published: April 2021

Yarkoni argues that one solution is to abandon quantitative methods for qualitative ones. While we agree that qualitative methods are under-valued, we argue that both are necessary for thoroughgoing psycholog-ical research, complementing one another through the use of causal analysis. We illustrate how directed acyclic graphs can bridge qualitative and quantitative methods, thereby fostering understanding between dif-ferent psychological methodologies.
More efficient learning at birth leads to better language skills at 2 years
Authors: Suppanen Emma , Winkler István , Kujala Teija , Ylinen Sari
Published: April 2021

Infants are able to extract words from speech early in life. Here we show that the quality of word-form learning at birth predicts language development at the age of two years. Seventy-five neonates were familiarized with two spoken disyllabic pseudowords. We then tested whether the neonate brain predicts the second syllable from the first one by presenting a familiarized pseudoword frequently, and occasionally violating the learned syllable combination by different rare pseudowords. Distinct brain responses were elicited by predicted and unpredicted word endings, which suggests that the neonates had learned the familiarized pseudowords. The difference between responses to predicted and unpredicted pseudowords indexing quality of word-form learning significantly correlated with expressive vocabulary scores at 24 months in the same infant. These findings suggest that 1) neonates can memorize disyllabic words so that a learned first syllable generates predictions for the word ending, 2) early individual differences in the quality of word-form learning correlate with language outcome. This relationship helps early identification of infants at risk for language impairment.
Cognitive change before old age (11 to 70) predicts cognitive change after old age (70 to 82)
Authors: Conte Federica , Okely Judith , Hamilton Olivia , Corley Janie , Page Danielle , Redmond Paul , Taylor Adele M. , Russ Tom , Deary Ian , Cox Simon R.
Published: April 2021

Identifying predictors of cognitive decline within older age helps to understand its mechanisms and to identify those at greater risk. Here we examine how cognitive change from 11 to 70 years is associated with cognitive change within older age (70 to 82 years) in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 longitudinal study (N=1091 at recruitment). Using latent growth curve models, we estimate rates of change from age 70 to 82 in general cognitive ability (g) and in three cognitive domains: visuospatial, memory and processing speed. g accounted for 71.3% of interindividual change variance. Greater 11-70 cognitive gain predicted slower decline in g over 12 subsequent years (β = .163, p = .001), independently of cognitive level at age 70, and domain-specific change beyond g. These results contribute toward identifying people at higher risk of age-related cognitive decline. Age-related cognitive decline is a significant threat to the quality of life in older age. Its economic and social impact on society will increase together with the steadily rising life expectancy. How can we preserve cognitive health in older age? Researchers have made significant advances in identifying protective and risk factors. However, most studies focus on a limited age range, and cognitive change mechanisms are not yet completely understood. This work takes advantage of almost life-spanning longitudinal data to test if cognitive trajectory across childhood and adulthood can predict cognitive trajectories in older age. Our findings show that earlier change is associated with later change. Some factors related to individual differences in cognitive change might thus operate over much of the adult life course, and certainly before older age. This knowledge can help identify individuals at higher risk of decline and understand the mechanisms and factors responsible.
Six solutions for more reliable infant research
Authors: Byers-Heinlein Krista , Bergmann Christina , Savalei Victoria
Published: April 2021

Infant research is often underpowered, undermining the robustness and replicability of our findings. Improving the reliability of infant studies offers a solution for increasing statistical power independent of sample size. Here, we discuss two senses of the term reliability in the context of infant research: reliable (large) effects and reliable measures. We examine the circumstances under which effects are strongest and measures are most reliable, and use synthetic datasets to illustrate the relationship between effect size, measurement reliability, and statistical power. We then present six concrete solutions for more reliable infant research: (1) routinely estimating and reporting the effect size and measurement reliability of infant tasks, (2) selecting the best measurement tool, (3) developing better infant paradigms, (4) collecting more data points per infant, (5) excluding unreliable data from analysis, and (6) conducting more sophisticated data analyses. Deeper consideration of measurement in infant research will improve our ability to study infant development.
Therapeutic relationships within child and adolescent mental health inpatient services: a qualitative exploration of the experiences of young people, family members and nursing staff
Authors: Hartley Samantha , Redmond Tomos , Berry Katherine
Published: April 2021

Child and adolescent mental health services have arguably never been more essential yet more in need of reform. Inpatient care is necessary for some young people and is a particular concern in relation to quality and outcomes. Progress in psychotherapy and more broadly in mental health care is strongly predicted by the therapeutic relationship between professional and service user. This link is particularly pertinent in child and adolescent mental health inpatient services where relationships are especially complex and difficult to develop and maintain. This article describes a qualitative exploration of the lived experience of 24 young people, family members/carers and nursing staff within this setting. We synthesised data across groups and present six themes, encapsulating the intricacies and impact of therapeutic relationships; their development and maintenance. We hope these findings can be used to improve quality of care by providing a blueprint for policy, training, systemic structures and staff support.
‘Tear down your institutions’. Empirical and evolutionary perspectives on institutional care in SOS Children’s Villages
Authors: van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian
Published: April 2021

Typical large-group institutions for abandoned children or orphans are bad for the development of children. From an evolutionary perspective 24/7 institutional care by professional caregivers is outside any ‘Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness’. Hamilton’s rule makes clear why nevertheless institutional care emerged. A central question is whether small-group care in institutional settings is the exception and provides good-enough care? SOS Children’s Villages use small group housing and try to mimic a family-like child-rearing environment to promote child development. In a narrative and quantitative synthesis, the scientific evidence on the associations between growing up in SOS villages and child development in various domains is reviewed. Searches in Web of Sciences, PubMed and Google Scholar yielded 8 eligible empirical studies on N = 1,567 children (including 914 SOS children). Random effects meta-analyses were conducted on physical growth and mental health comparing SOS children with children growing up in typical institutions and in families. Results showed developmental delays of SOS children compared with their peers in families. Compared to children in typical institutions SOS children do better on mental health but worse on physical growth. The preliminary evidence suggests that SOS Children’s Villages should move away from institutional arrangements to family care.
Public School Operating Status During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Implications for Parental Employment
Authors: Landivar Liana Christin , Ruppanner Leah , Rouse Lloyd , Scarborough William , Collins Caitlyn
Published: April 2021

Parents rely on public schools to maintain paid work outside the home. The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented closures of this critical resource in spring 2020. In the fall of 2020, school districts across the country reopened under varied instructional modes. Some school districts returned to in-person instruction; some operated remotely. Others reopened under hybrid models, wherein students alternated times, days, or weeks of in-person instruction. To capture this variation, we developed the Elementary School Operating Status (ESOS) database. ESOS provides data on elementary school districts’ primary operating status in the first grading period of the 2020-2021 school year, covering 25 million students in over 9,000 school districts in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. In this research note, we introduce these data and show extensive variation in school operating status at the state and school district levels. We show that school districts with greater representation of Black and Hispanic students were less likely to offer in-person instruction. We also show that fewer in-person elementary school instruction days was associated with reductions in maternal employment. ESOS is a critical source of information to support plans to address long-term implications for students who experienced less in-person learning over the past year, and reentry support for mothers who exited employment in the absence of in-person instruction and care.
A comparative and diachronic analysis of film title translations and appellative effect transfer into Croatian and German
Authors: Gabrić Petar , Brajković Iva , Licchetta Letizia , Bezuh Juraj , Ključarić Dorotea Kelčec
Published: April 2021

Studies of film title translations remain scant to this day. The existing studies mainly focus on investigating the sources of difficulties during the translation process. Although the studies employ different analytical approaches, the conclusion in almost all investigations is that the decisive objective during the translation process is the transfer or production of the appellative effect. This study investigates which strategies are employed during translation into Croatian and German and why, as well as possible diachronic changes in the choice of translation strategies. We created a corpus of 935 film titles from 1923 to 2017 and their translations into Croatian and German, which we first classified as direct translation, free translation, transcreation or transcription, and finally we quantitatively and qualitatively analysed the data. Our results show considerable differences between the two subcorpora in the choice of translation strategies and motivation, as well as in the patterns of diachronic change. Furthermore, correlations with specific cultural-historical processes are observed.
Image Copy Detection and Evolution Visualisation Using Tree Graphs
Authors: Casemajor Nathalie , Alili Mohand , Talbi Aymen
Published: April 2021

Image copy detection is an important problem for several applications such as detecting forgery to enforce copyright protection and intellectual property. One of the important problems following copy detection, however, is the assessment of the type of modiﬁcations undergone by an original image to form its copies. In this work, we propose a method for quantifying some of these modiﬁcations when multiple copies of the same image are available. We also propose an algorithm to estimate temporal precedence between images (i.e., the order of creation of the copies). Using the estimated relations, a tree graph is then built to visualise the history of evolution of the original image into its copies. Our work is important for ensuring better interpretation of image copies after their detection. It also lays a new ground for enhancing image indexing and search on the Web.
The Mediality of Concealment: Material Practices and Symbolic Operativity
Authors: Casemajor Nathalie , Toupin Sophie
Published: April 2021

This special issue focuses on the cultural forms, technologies, and social logics of dissimulation. In this introduction, we propose a critical examination of the cultural and political entanglements of three emblematic domains of dissimulation: camouflage, steganography, and encryption. Focusing on the study of mediality, our analysis crosses the evolution of media environments and representations of these dissimulation processes to better understand their modes of legitimization and symbolic operativity.
Etika u arheologiji – od arheološkog iskopavanja do muzejskog izloška
Authors: Gabrić Petar , Jelenić Vera
Published: April 2021

Kulturna baština je jedan od najvažnijih aspekata suvremenog društva. Upravo je arheologija kao znanost bitan čimbenik koji iskopani arheološki nalaz analizom, interpretacijom i prezentacijom oblikuje u ono što će se u budućnosti zvati kulturnom baštinom. Međutim, na putu nalaza od iskopavanja do muzejskog predstavljanja arheolozi i srodni stručnjaci nailaze na mnoge etičke dileme. Etika u arheologiji je tema koja se pojavila relativno kasno, tek u drugoj polovici 20. stoljeća, što je dijelom zbog političkih i povijesnih prilika, ali i novih dostignuća u znanstvenoj metodologiji nakon 1950-ih. Arheologija se bavi istraživanjem prošlosti, no nakon pitanja kako i kada je određena zajednica živjela, postavlja se pitanje zašto. Koja je svrha arheoloških istraživanja i poznavanja prošlosti? Naročito kada prošlost ima drugačije značenje za arheologa i pukog čovjeka kao u slučaju Aboridžina i paleolitičkog špiljskog slikarstva u Arnhem Landu. To su osnovna moralna pitanja s kojima se susreće teorijska arheologija. U praksi arheolog nailazi na mnoga druga. S jedne strane, u pitanju je arheolog koji već samim činom iskopavanja uništava i Zemljinu površinu i često nečije privatno vlasništvo. Nadalje, arheolog mora pokazati odgovornost pri postupanju s posthumnim ostacima čiji se dijelovi nakon analiza iz određenih razloga uništavaju. Treba imati na umu da su ti osteološki nalazi posmrtni ostaci nečijeg pretka. Slično ovome problemu predstavljaju i etnoarheološka istraživanja kojima je cilj proučavanje života postojećih zajednica kako bi se rekonstruirao život zajednica u daljoj prošlosti. Takva istraživanja ugrožavaju privatnost članova tih zajednica, a da kao takva gotovo nikada ne daju pouzdane i egzaktne rezultate. S druge strane, nisu samo arheolozi oni koji svojim lošim moralnim prosudbama mogu negativno utjecati na arheološku baštinu. Namjerno uništavanje kulturnih spomenika kao čin religijskog ekstremizma, upotreba arheologije u političke svrhe kao kod imena i zastave države Bivše Jugoslavenske Republike Makedonije, ali i muzejske zbirke temeljene na ukradenim nalazima poput zbirke British Museuma samo su dio suvremenih moralnih rasprava u okviru arheologije. Ovim radom obradit ćemo ovu kompleksnu interdisciplinarnu temu te pokušati ukazati na moguća rješenja navedenih etičkih problema u suvremenoj arheologiji.
Which category is used when social categories are nested? The case of foreign market entry legitimacy
Authors: van Hugten Joeri
Published: April 2021

This paper applies category research from cognitive science to social categories as used by firms when deciding in which physical location to invest.
Ethical ambiguity in the academic periphery: Global versus local science in explaining plagiarism
Authors: Guba Katerina , Tsivinskaya Angelika
Published: April 2021

The past decade has seen extensive research carried out on the systematic causes of research misconduct. Simultaneously, less attention has been paid to the variation in academic misconduct between research fields, as most empirical studies focus on one particular discipline. We propose that academic discipline is one of several systematic factors that might contribute to academic misbehavior. Drawing on a neo-institutional approach, we argue that in the developing countries, the norm of textual originality has not drawn equal support across different research fields depending on its level of internationalization. Using plagiarism detection software, we analyzed 2,405 doctoral dissertations randomly selected from all dissertations defended in Russia between 2007 and 2015. We measured the globalization of each academic discipline by calculating the share of publications indexed in the global citation database in relation to overall output. Our results showed that, with an average share of detected borrowings of over 19%, the incidence of plagiarism in Russia is remarkably higher than in Western countries. Overall, disciplines closely follow the pattern of higher globalization associated with a lower percentage of borrowed text. We also found that plagiarism is less prevalent at research-oriented institutions supporting global ethical standards. Our findings suggest that it might be misleading to measure the prevalence of academic misconduct in developing countries without paying attention to variations at the disciplinary level.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN SUPERVISI AKADEMIK TERHADAP KINERJA GURU SD DI KECAMATAN PINGGIR KABUPATEN BENGKALIS
Authors: Pratiwi Valentine , Makhdalena Makhdalena , Junus Nurpit
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh budaya organisasi dan supervisi akademik terhadap kinerja guru SD di kecamatan Pinggir kabupaten Bengkalis secara simultan dan parsial. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah guru Pegawai Negeri Sipil sebanyak 140 orang yang dipilih menggunakan Proporsional Random Sampling. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah  terdapat pengaruh signifikan budaya organisasi dan supervisi akademik terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 12.5%. Budaya organisasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja sebesar 9.7% dan supervisi akademik berpengaruh sebesar 1.9%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah variabel budaya organisasi dan supervisi akademik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja guru.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN AKADEMIK DAN SARANA PRASARANA PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN (FKIP) UNIVERSITAS RIAU
Authors: Harahap Yusniar , Makhdalena Makhdalena , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kualitas pelayanan akademik dan sarana prasarana pendidikan baik secara simultan maupun secara parsial terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa FKIP Universitas Riau, semester VI TP. 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 1.215 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 301 orang diperoleh dengan teknik Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Bentuk data dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer, yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang bersumber dari mahasiswa FKIP Universitas Riau. Metode analisis data dari penelitian ini menggunakan regresi berganda dengan bantuan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan akademik dan sarana prasarana pendidikan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa baik secara simultan maupun secara parsial.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI DAN AKUNTABILITAS TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA GURU BAHASA INGGRIS SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS DI SMA NEGERI KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Sutono Edi , Suarman Suarman , Natuna Daeng Ayub
Published: April 2021

Produktivitas kerja guru menjadi sorotan utama dalam peningkatan pendidikan yang berkualitas dan berintegritas, tidak terkecuali produktivitas kerja guru Bahasa Inggris Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) di Kota Pekanbaru Provinsi Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif yang dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri Lingkup Kota Pekanbaru pada kegiatan Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP) Bahasa Inggris yang diikuti oleh seluruh Guru Bahasa Inggris SMA Kota Pekanbaru bertempat di SMA Negeri Plus Provinsi Riau dan SMA Negeri 8 Pekanbaru sebagai tempat penyelenggaraan kegiatan MGMP.Dalam penelitian ini terdapat tiga variabel penelitian yaitu dua variabel bebas yang terdiri dari motivasi berprestasi dan akuntabilitas. Dalam penelitian ini populasi yang akan diteliti adalah seluruh guru Bahasa Inggris SMA Negeri Kota Pekanbaru yang berjumlah 80 orang. penelitian ini menggunakan teknikprobability sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan dokumentasi, observasi, wawancara dan angket. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) uji normalitas, (2) uji homogenitas, dan (3) uji linearitas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pengaruh yang signifikan antara akuntabilitas terhadap produktivitas kerja guru dalam tafsiran yang rendah yaitu sebesar 0,204 atau 20,4 %, (2) Pengaruh yang signifikan antara akuntabilitas terhadap produktivitas kerja guru dalam tafsiran yang rendah yaitu sebesar 0,204 atau 20,4 %, (3) Pengaruh yang signifikan motivasi berprestasi dan akuntabilitas terhadap produktivitas kerja guru sebesar 0,292 atau 29,2 %.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL KEPALA SEKOLAH, KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK, DAN MOTIVASI KERJA GURU TERHADAP MUTU PENDIDIKAN PADA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI DI KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Elvita Jumia , Sumarno Sumarno , Rusdi Rusdi
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transfromasional Kepala Sekolah, Kompetensi Pedagogik dan Motivasi Kerja Guru terhadap Mutu Pendidikan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kota Pekanbaru. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 60 orang guru kelas 6 di 30  Sekolah Dasar Negeri Se-Kota Pekanbaru yang diperoleh dari teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian pada persamaan struktural pertama menunjukkan bahwa: 1)Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolahberpengaruh signifikan terhadap Motivasi Kerja Guru; 2) Kompetensi Pedagogik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Motivasi Kerja Guru; 3)  Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah dan Kompetensi Pedagogik secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Motivasi Kerja Guru. Hasil uji persamaan struktural kedua menunjukkan hasil bahwa: 1)Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah  tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap Mutu Pendidikan; 2) Kompetensi Pedagogik tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap variabel Mutu Pendidikan; 3) Motivasi Kerja Guru berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Mutu Pendidikan; 4) Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah, Kompetensi Pedagogik,  dan Motivasi Kerja Guru secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Mutu Pendidikan. Hasil uji koefisien jalur menunjukkan bahwa: 1) interaksi antara Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah dan Motivasi Kerja Guru berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Mutu Pendidikan; dan 2) interaksi antara Kompetensi Pedagogik dan Motivasi Kerja Guru berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Mutu Pendidikan.
HUBUNGAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA FISIK DENGAN SEMANGAT KERJA GURU SMP NEGERI SE-KECAMATAN KOTANOPAN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Nasution Efrida Yanti , Kartikowati Rr. Sri , Nasir Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara komunikasi interpersonal dengan semangat kerja guru, hubungan antara lingkungan kerja fisik dengan semangat kerja guru, dan hubungan antara komunikasi interpersonal dan lingkungan kerja fisik secara bersama-sama dengan semangat kerja guru. Studi ini dilakukan di seluruh SMP Negeri di kecamatan Kotanopan Sumatera Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, dokumentasi, pengamatan, dan wawancara. Responden dalam studi ini berjumlah 113 orang. Responden diambil menggunakan teknik proporsionate stratified random sampling. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: pertama,terdapat hubungan yang positif antara komunikasi interpersonal dengan semangat kerja guru dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,801. Kedua, terdapat hubungan yang positif antara lingkungan kerja fisik dengan semangat kerja guru dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,688. Ketiga, terdapat hubungan yang positif antara komunikasi interpersonal dan lingkungan kerja fisik  secara bersama-sama dengan semangat kerja guru dengan nilai koefisien korelasi jamak sebesar 0,846.
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TURNOVER INTENTION (KEINGINAN KELUAR DARI TEMPAT KERJA) KARYAWAN PADA SMP IT (SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA ISLAM TERPADU) DI KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Sandhy Helen Novita , Mashadi Mashadi , Zulkifli N Zulkifli N
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabel-variabel yang dominan mempengaruhi terjadinya turnover intention karyawan di SMP Islam Terpadu di kota Pekanbaru. Beberapa variabel yang dimaksud adalah kepuasan kerja, komitmen orgainsasi, stres kerja, keterlibatan kerja, dan iklim organisasi. Populasi secara keseluruhan berjumlah 146 orang dan dijadikan sampel 107 orang dengan menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Waktu penelitian adalah 3 bulan terhitung dari bulan Juli sampai dengan Oktober 2015. Setelah data hasil penelitian dianalisis, maka diketahui dua variabel bebas yang dominan mempengaruhi terjadinya turnover intention yakni : 1) Komitmen organisasi dan 2) Stres kerja. Nilai koefisien korelasi anatara variabel komitmen organisasi terhadap terjadinya turnover intention yaitu 0,369 dan persamaan regresi linier sederhana yang dihasilkan adalah Ŷ= 64,678-0,267X2. Nilai koefisien korelasi anatara variabel stres kerja terhadap turnover intention yaitu 0,601 dan persamaan regresi linier sederhana yang dihasilkan adalah Ŷ= 10,012 + 0,457X3. Komitmen organisasi (X2) dan stres kerja (X3) secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi terjadinya turnover intention (Y) ditunjukkan oleh persamaan regresi Ŷ= 19,768-0,138X2+0,409X3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Terdapat pengaruh negatif antara komitmen organisasi tehadap terjadinya turnover intention. (2) Terdapat pengaruh positif antara stres kerja terhadap terjadinya turnover intention.
PENGARUH SUPERVISI DAN INTEGRITAS TERHADAP KINERJA GURU SD NEGERI SE-KECAMATAN SALO KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Authors: Susanti Lusi , Kartikowati Rr. Sri , Makhdalena Makhdalena
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Supervisi dan Integritas terhadap Kinerja Guru SD Negeri se-Kecamatan Salo  Kabupaten Kampar. Populasi penelitian adalah guru SD Negeri se-Kecamatan Salo yang berjumlah 150 responden, kemudian sampel ditetapkan dengan teknik propotionate stratifield random sampling, sehingga diperoleh 109 responden.  Cara pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran angket untuk variabel supervisi dan integritas, sedangkan untuk variabel kinerja guru dengan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi berganda. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: (1)  terdapat  pengaruh positif antara supervisi terhadap kinerja guru;   (2)  terdapat pengaruh positif antara integritas terhadap kinerja guru; dan  (3) terdapat pengaruh positif  antara supervisi dan integritas secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja guru. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara Supervisi dan Integritas secara bersama-sama terhadap Kinerja Guru SD Negeri se-Kecamatan Salo Kabupaten Kampar.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN ADMINISTRASI DAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DENGAN KINERJA KARYAWAN POLITEKNIK NEGERI BENGKALIS
Authors: Makmuri Makmuri , Gimin Gimin , Wilson Wilson
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan administrasi dan komunikasi dengan kinerja karyawan di Politeknik Negeri bengkalis secara parsial maupun bersama-sama. Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan administrasi dengan  kinerja karyawan, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara komunikasi interpersonal dengan kinerja karyawan dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan administrasi dan komunikasi interpersonal secara bersama-sama dengan kinerja karyawan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan yang bekerja di Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis berjumlah 58 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan yang bekerja di Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis berjumlah 51 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data adalah dengan angket model skala Likert. Untuk menguji hipotesis digunakan analisis korelasi dan regresi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara Pengetahuan Administrasi dengan Kinerja Karyawan di Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara Komunikasi Interpersonal dengan Kinerja Karyawan di Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara Pengetahuan Administrasi dan Komunikasi Interpersonal secara bersama-sama dengan Kinerja Karyawan di Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis
IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MEWUJUDKAN SEKOLAH ADIWIYATA DI SMK NEGERI 1 TEMBILAHAN
Authors: Kirana Henny , Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini , Baheram Murni
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis  implementasi manajemen kepala sekolah dalam mewujudkan sekolah adiwiyata di SMK Negeri 1 Tembilahan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian study kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam merealisasikan program adiwiyata di SMK Negeri 1 Tembilahan, berbagai fungsi manajemen diterapkan oleh kepala sekolah. Mulai dari perencanaan, pengorganisasian, implementasi dan pengawasan  yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah, kemudian dengan kerja keras kepala sekolah dan semua elemen terkait untuk mewujudkan sekolah  adiwiyata di SMK Negeri 1 Tembilahan
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness and the Risk of Superficial Incisional Surgical Site Infection Following Open Appendectomy
Authors: Rai Subash , Poudel P , Chalise A , Nepal M , Shrestha M
Published: April 2021

Obesity is a known risk factor for surgical site infection (SSI). Recent studies have demonstrated that fat burden at the incisional site rather than body mass index (BMI) is a more precise and sensitive measure to predict the risk of SSI. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the correlation between subcutaneous fat thickness (SCFT) at the level of Mc Burney’s point and the occurrence of superficial incisional SSI among the patients undergoing open appendectomy. A total of 120 patients who underwent open appendectomy were included in the study. SCFT was measured preoperatively with ultrasonography (USG). The occurrence of superficial incisional SSI was evaluated in relation to SCFT. Previously identified well established risk factors for the development of SSI were also considered by the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17. Overall, superficial incisional SSI was observed in 27 (22.5%) participants. Mean SCFT at the level of Mc Burney’s point among male and female population was 2.26 cm ± 0.74 (SD) and 2.02 cm ± 0.83 (SD) respectively. Patients with superficial incisional SSI had a mean fat thickness of 2.80 cm and those without SSI had mean fat thickness of 1.97 cm. The difference in SCFT was statistically significant (p=.001). More interestingly, the area under the ROC curve was more for SCFT, in comparison to BMI among the patients who developed superficial incisional SSI (81% vs. 73%). Furthermore, we analysed the occurrence of superficial incisional SSI with SCFT cut off at 2.80 cm, which was statistically significant. As majority of the study population were young adults, risk factors like smoking, diabetes mellitus and nutritional status failed to demonstrate significant correlation with post appendectomy wound site complications. The study demonstrated that the thickness of subcutaneous fat at the site of inci sion is a good predictor of superficial incisional SSI following open appendectomy and the risk of superficial wound site infection increases as the thickness of subcutaneous fat at the site of incision increases.
Tear Sample Analysis For SARS-COV-2 of Confirmed Cases of COVID-19
Authors: Rai Ashesh , Shrestha S , Sharma D , Prasai G , Mishra BK , Bhatt CP
Published: April 2021

Researchers in 2004 found that tear flim can be one of the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV. Considering the fact that SARS-CoV-2 is similar to SARS-CoV, it is speculated that there may be a risk of transmission through tear flim in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand whether COVID-19 viral genome is present in the tear film or not. It was a cross-sectional quantitative study done in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Duwakot. Tear sample collection was done using schirmer’s strip and conjunctival swab of confirmed COVID-19 positive admitted cases and then the sample was sent for viral genome analysis. Especially designed proforma was used for recording the patient demographics, history, clinical examination findings and investigations results. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 21) and expressed in frequency, percentage and mean. Out of 30 enrolled patients, 23.3% (n=7) showed positive results in tear RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Among them, 85.7% (n=6) had positive tear sample RT-PCR on the very first day of sample collection with their CT value in tear sample ranging from 30-35. Patients who were positive were mostly in the age group of 21-30 years (71.4%) and were local vendors by occupation (71.4%). However, none of the patients had any ocular symptoms. Tear sample analysis with RT-PCR showed 23.3% positivity for SARS-CoV-2. Early collection and analysis of tear sample can yield maximum positive results therefore tear film could be one of the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Pediatric Herniotomy: A 2-year Follow-up Study at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital
Authors: Pradhan Giridhar Bahadur Nhuchhe , Shrestha Sunil , Chalise A , Shrestha S
Published: April 2021

Repair of inguinal hernia is one of the most commonly performed pediatric surgical procedures. The standard of treatment has been open herniotomy (OH). Recent trends have shown promising results with use of laparoscopy (LH) for the same. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic herniotomy with the standard of care at the time of the study, which has become an increasingly common procedure at our center. This was a prospective follow-up study conducted at the Department of Surgery at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital. A total of sixty-four patients who underwent herniotomy were included in the study and followed up for a total duration of two years post-operatively. Immediate post-op pain was assessed with the use of visual analogue scales. Complications, recurrence, and metachronous herniation were noted in the follow up visits. Use of laparoscopy resulted in a longer operative time (36.68 min vs 22.5 min for OH, P <0.001). Pain scores were similar at immediate post-op period (LH 4.18 vs OH 3.93) but decreased significantly for LH compared to OH at 6 hours (3.68 vs 4.31, P = 0.018), 12 hours (2.71 vs 3.62, P <0.001), and 24 hours (2 vs 3.03, P <0.001). Difference in the mean hospital stay was statistically significant (LH 2.02 days vs OH 2.34 days, P <0.001). No recurrences occurred during the follow up period of the study. No patients developed contralateral metachronous hernia during the follow-up period. The cost of OH compared to LH was significantly less. LH is a safer and better alternative to OH for management of pediatric inguinal hernia when comparing post-op pain and hospital stay. However, duration of surgery and cost for the procedure favor OH at present in our setup.
Outcome of implementing Surgical Safety Checklist in Pediatric Surgery in Tertiary Level hospital
Authors: Bajracharya Jasmine , Shrestha R , Joshi HR , Adhikari RP
Published: April 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) implemented the Surgical Safety Checklist (SSCL) as a part of Safe Surgery Saves Lives campaign. Even after 12 years of implementation of WHO SSCL, available literature is still lacking from developing countries, where the potentially greatest impact could have been observed. A prospective randomized controlled trial done in Tertiary level hospital from September 2018 – February 2020 enrolled pediatric patients aged 0 day to 15 years. The patients were randomly allocated into groups by lottery as Group A - control and Group B – Intervention group. Group A was given the basic pre-operative care. Group B were enrolled in the safety checklist. The data were collected in the printed forms and analyzed. The patients were followed for surgical site infections (SSI). Compliance of the safety checklist was assessed with completion of the checklist fully or partially. Total cases enrolled were 310 with 155 in each group. Age of patients ranged from 1 day to 15 years. SSI was present in 35 patients in group A and 29 patients in group B. The Outcome of implementation of SSC on appearance of SSI was not significant. SSI was decreased on checklist implementation with OR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.45 – 1.37). Outcome of SSC compliance shown by OR was 0.39 (95% CI 0.15 – 0.99). Use of SSCL decreases the postoperative complications and improves the outcome. Compliance is the key to success of the implementation of the checklist.
Bacterial Analysis of Roof-harvested Rainwater and their Implications to Public Health in the Caribbean Island of Anguilla
Authors: Tiwari Birendra Raj , Khuc T , Abidin Z , Gul S , Trofort M , Lliou C
Published: April 2021

Anguilla is a dry to semi-arid island in the Caribbean where the majority of residents rely on roof-harvested rainwater. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of indicator coliform bacteria and associated health risk to the consumer in Anguilla. Rooftop rain water harvested samples were collected from 86 homes. Bacterial count was done by membrane filtration and culture on Difco Modified mTEC Agar and Hach m-ColiBlue24 agar. Bacteria grown on agar plates were counted by using darkfield colony counter. All owners or residents were interviewed for water use related gastroenteritis. Coliform bacteria were grown in 88.4% (76/86) samples with very few colonies to confluent growth of fecal E. coli, non-fecal E. coli and coliform other than E. coli. Results indicated that the majority of the samples contain the mixture of different coliform bacteria. Household survey revealed the majority of the households drink unpotable roof harvested rain water without any treatments and have the history of at least one episode of gastroenteritis-like illness during the past year. Our result is suggestive of that coliform bacterium detected in roof-harvested rainwater throughout Anguilla poses a potential health risk to the consumers and requires proper treatment for consumption.
Adult Onset Still’s Disease: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Koirala Dinesh , Pathak UN , Adhikari P , Shrestha R , Neupane C
Published: April 2021

Adult-onset Still’s disease (ASD) is a rare clinical entity with unknown etiology, characterized by arthritis, fever, evanescent rash and other systemic presentations. This case report describes a 19-year-old male who presented with sore throat, fever, arthritis, evanescent rash, raised liver enzymes and hyperferritinemia. It also reveals the diagnostic dilemma faced during the diagnosis of the disease. He was diagnosed to have ASD based on Yamuguchi criteria after the exclusion of other potential diagnoses. Patient was treated with prednisolone and there was a good response with improvement in symptoms and laboratory indices.
ANALISIS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN REFLEKTIF DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA
Authors: WIDIANSYAH APRIYANTI
Published: April 2021

The problems of students show that the values of Pancasila have been eroded in life in society, nation, and state. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative solutions to various problems, by showing the importance of Pancasila education learning in educational institutions. This is intended to equip students to understand and try to fix some of these problems. In this case, it is necessary to have problem-solving through Pancasila Education learning activities by using the Reflective Learning Model. The research aims to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes in the Pancasila Education course, Faculty of Law, Bhayangkara University, Jakarta Raya. The research was conducted by doing learning actions, and how to make observations. Initial results are expected to bring awareness of students about the importance of Pancasila Education which aims to improve learning outcomes. Furthermore, several preparatory steps are arranged for observing the learning action. Researchers carried out observations of learning in the classroom with a Reflective learning model, by the actions planned in the study. Activities carried out by lecturers who have been provided with observation guidelines by recording all research activities from introduction, development, application, closing and writing additional information that has not occurred such as initiatives and reactions, both from researchers and students, as well as providing conclusions and general suggestions of actions which are conducted. The observation time was adjusted to the Pancasila Education course hours at the Faculty of Law, Bhayangkara University Jakarta Raya
Program Kampanye #Budayabeberes Terhadap Partisipasi Masyarakat Untuk Membuang Sampah Sendiri
Authors: Khadijah Siti
Published: April 2021

Currently there are many problems in the environmental sector, such as a lack of public awareness in sorting and disposing of waste. Therefore, one of the companies that is actively conducting campaigns to reduce this problem is KFC Indonesia. KFC spreads its #budayabeberes campaign message via Instagram. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the #budayabeberes campaign on community participation in disposing of their own waste. This research used descriptive explanative method, with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used accidental sampling. The data collection techniques used questionnaires and interviews. The analysis technique used linear regression. The results in this study state that the cultural campaign program carried out on Instagram has an influence of 46.1% and the remaining 53.9% is influenced by other factors such as interest from participants, gifts from an activity, the existence of benefits from activities, and outside motivation. The #budayabeberes campaign program has a positive and significant effect on community participation in disposing of their own waste with a coefficient value of 1.391