bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Korsets gåde – en undersøgelse af offerbegrebets filosofiske og teologiske implikationer
Authors: Knudsen Annette Hjort
Published: August 2021

According to Asle Eikrem’s book “God as Sacrificial love”, the concept of the Christian God as a God of love is not coherent with the claim that Jesus was sacrificed on the cross for the redemption of human sins. Eikrem’s conclusion builds on a conceptual framework that describes the crucifixion as a self-sacrifice. His argument makes Jesus co-responsible, thus sanctioning the violent action. This way, evil becomes instrumental which is inconsistent with the notion of God as love. It is the intention of this article to show that (at least) one alternative conceptual framework makes it possible to maintain the view that the crucifixion was necessary for Jesus’ redemptive mission. The crucifixion is thus not inconsistent with, but rather a consequence of the conception of God as love. For Jesus to realize God’s incarnational intention of establishing a living fellowship with humanity is for him to realize a fellowship of experienced damnation followed by a truly redemptive resurrection.
“Vom Ehebruch und weglauffen”
Authors: Ingesman Per
Published: August 2021

Abstract: In 1539, Johann Bugenhagen wrote a book, Vom Ehebruch und weglauffen (“On adultery and desertion”), to advice King Christian III on the handling of marital cases. Based on Scripture, divorce is allowable only if a spouse commits adultery or runs away secretly. The article compares Bugenhagen’s two grounds for divorce with those found in Niels Hemmingsen’s Libellus de coniugio, repudio, et divortio from 1572 and in the Marriage Ordinance of King Frederik II of 1582. It is argued that Hemmingsen in allowing six grounds for divorce, including e.g. violence and impiety, follows Philipp Melanchthon, who not only accepted the two scriptural grounds, but also a number of additional grounds from Roman Law and Canon Law. With its three grounds for divorce – adultery, desertion, and impotence – the Marriage Ordinance of 1582 reflected legal practice developed in the law courts that had been handling marital cases since the introduction of the Reformation.
“Den guddommeligt skønne natur”
Authors: Andersen Svend
Published: August 2021

Abstract: The article offers a contribution to the understanding of K.E. Løgstrup’s metaphysics focusing on his reading of Friedrich Hölderlin’s poetry and Martin Heidegger’s interpretation thereof. Heideggerian ontology plays a crucial role in Løgstrup’s theology as a philosophical explication of the pre-understanding of Christian faith. At first, existential ontology was essential in this respect, but later Løgstrup realized the necessity of broadening the view to being in general, which equals the movement towards metaphysics. In this movement, Hölderlin as interpreted by Heidegger is pivotal, an important element being the “poetic openness” Løgstrup introduces in The Ethical Demand. In unpublished manuscripts, Løgstrup claims that poetic openness in Hölderlin has an ontological and metaphysical content, and his reading thereby anticipates central themes in his later metaphysics such as omnipresence, particularity, and the history-nature relation.
Forord: Danske variationer
Authors: Holm Bo Kristian
Published: August 2021

Danske variationer

Med dette nummer begynder en ny æra for Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift. Fra og med dette nummer udkommer tidskriftet kun digital, men til gengæld med fuld adgang fra publikationsdagen. Vi håber, at dette vil føre til endnu større udbredelse og interesse for DTT, end den der allerede er til stede.Dette nummer indeholder tre artikler, der hver især behandler vigtige aspekter af dansk teologi- og kirkehistorie. I den første artikel “‘Vom Ehebruch und weglauffen’. Skilsmissegrunde hos Bugenhagen, Hemmingsen og Frederik II” udvider Per Ingesman vores viden om efterreformatorisk dansk retshistorie. Som blandt andet den amerikanske retshistoriker John Witte Jr. har vist, var efterreformatorisk rets­historie præget af to hovedlinjer, en skriftbunden og en fortsættelse af kanonisk retstradition. Ingesman viser her, hvad det betød for dansk ægteskabslovgivning, idet han sammenligner Johannes Bugenhagens “Vom Ehebruch und weglauffen” skrevet til Christian III i 1539 med dels Niels Hemmingsens Libellus de coniugio, repudio, et divortio fra 1572, dels Frederiks IIs ægteskabsordinans fra 1582. Mens Hemmingsen er tydeligt inspireret af Melanchthons indoptagelse af romersk og kanonisk ret, ligger ægteskabsordinansen tættere på det, som Ingesman kalder en fællesprotestantisk ægteskabsret, der trods dens fokus på skriftbegrundelse også havde rødder tilbage i førreformatorisk retspraksis.I “‘Den guddommelige skønne natur’. Heideggers Hölderlintolkning og Løgstrups metafysik” leverer Svend Andersen på baggrund af fund i Løgstruparkivet et stykke grundforskning af betydning for forståelsen af Løgstrups metafysik. Med Løgstrups egne råd til en student som disposition, præsenterer Andersens først sin egen læsning af Hölderlins elegi “Heimkunft. An die Verwandten” fra 1801, inden han præsenterer Løgstrups tolkninger, som han sammenligner med Heideggers. Mellem de to sidstnævnte finder han markante forskelle, der tydeligt viser skellet mellem Heidegger og Løgstrup og lader ane grundperspektivet for Løgstrups senere skabelsesfilosofi, som Andersen samtidig ser som en udvidelse af Løgstrups oprindelige eksistensfilosofiske position.I den sidste dobbeltartikel “Evangelielæsningens placering og funktion i dansk højmesseordning” bidrager Holger Villadsen til dansk liturgihistorie med den første samlede oversigt over evangelie­læsningens placering fra reformationen til i dag. Reformationens betoning af Ordets forkyndelse førte evangelielæsningen op på prædikestolen, hvilket gav udfordringer for den samlede liturgi og blandt andet fik som konsekvens, at trosbekendelsens sammenhæng med evangelielæsningen blev brudt.

Bo Kristian Holm
Grafting Interiority: Generative Methodologies Between the Natural and the Synthetic
Authors: Abudayyeh Rana
Published: August 2021

Design is approaching a crucial period where the exchange between interior and exterior systems needs to be rethought and addressed from the standpoint of resilience and innovative environmental responses. The era of the detached interior bubble that is climate controlled and therein severed from natural systems is no longer justified or feasible. Interior spaces must respond to environmental conditions and proactively engage natural systems. The paper examines grafting methodology as an interior spatial formula that aims to generate complex sectional strategies for new programmatic typologies. It showcases work from a third-year interior architecture studio where students utilised natural landscapes as the premise to develop generative computational models that informed their design interventions.While placing interior interventions between natural and synthetic processes, interior grafts outline a design tactic that challenges the disjunction between internal settings and external parameters. The potential to draw relevance from external parameters and integrate the derivative systems into the interior volume carries many implications for interior architecture and urban dynamics. This approach demarks a radical repositioning of the interior volume as a continuation of the exterior scape, proliferating a fluid and active interiority.
Civilizaciones en disputa: Educación y evangelización en el territorio Shuar
Authors: Juncosa Blasco José Enrique
Published: August 2021

La obra analiza cómo el pueblo shuar ejerció su capacidad de acción frente a las tres dimensiones de la misión salesiana: civilización, evangelización y educación, a través de movimientos que fluctúan entre la disputa, la resistencia y la apropiación en función de su existencia colectiva diferenciada. “Saber para prevalecer” expresa la expectativa histórica que explicó la aceptación de la alfabetización porque ofreció herramientas estratégicas que fortalecieron sus capacidades de confrontación con la colonización. La evangelización tardía, a su vez, fue asumida como condición de posibilidad para articular el territorio y las redes de liderazgo shuar. Finalmente, la investigación pone en escena las disputas civilizatorias de fondo que surgen de la relación entre misioneros y salesianos y que ofrecen, hoy, la posibilidad de remover los patrones civilizatorios de la modernidad colonialidad implantados en el territorio amazónico. Esas disputas enfrentan la desespiritualización de la naturaleza con la experiencia del territorio como ámbito sagrado de vida; la escisión del alma y el cuerpo con la espiritualidad que articula ambas instancias y las emociones; y el quiebre entre existencia y conocimiento con el conocimiento contextual y existencial del pueblo shuar. Cada capítulo abra con una “conversación” (aujmatsamu) ofrecida por hombres y mujeres shuar profesionales en las que narran su paso por las distintas etapas de educación formal a lo largo de su existencia. Ellos son: Serafín Patti Wajai, Rosa Naikiai Jintiach, Rosa Mariana Awak Tentets y José Nantipia Juepa, docentes del Instituto Nacional Bilingüe Intercultural Shuar Achuar de Bomboiza. Sus conversaciones constituyen lugares desde los que se abren preguntas antes que materiales sobre los cuales pensar o analizar, reorientado de muchas maneras el plan inicial de investigación y escritura hacia lugares imprevistos.
Potential oxygen consumption and community composition of sediment bacteria in a seasonally hypoxic enclosed bay
Authors: Mori Fumiaki , Umezawa Yu , Kondo Ryuji , Nishihara Gregory N. , Wada Minoru
Published: August 2021

The dynamics of potential oxygen consumption at the sediment surface in a seasonally hypoxic bay were monitored monthly by applying a tetrazolium dye (2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride [INT]) reduction assay to intact sediment core samples for two consecutive years (2012–2013). Based on the empirically determined correlation between INT reduction (INT-formazan formation) and actual oxygen consumption of sediment samples, we inferred the relative contribution of biological and non-biological (chemical) processes to the potential whole oxygen consumption in the collected sediment samples. It was demonstrated that both potentials consistently increased and reached a maximum during summer hypoxia in each year. For samples collected in 2012, amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes derived from the sediment surface revealed a sharp increase in the relative abundance of sulfate reducing bacteria toward hypoxia. In addition, a notable shift in other bacterial compositions was observed before and after the INT assay incubation. It was Arcobacter (Arcobacteraceae, Campylobacteria), a putative sulfur-oxidizing bacterial genus, that increased markedly during the assay period in the summer samples. These findings have implications not only for members of Delta- and Gammaproteobacteria that are consistently responsible for the consumption of dissolved oxygen (DO) year-round in the sediment, but also for those that might grow rapidly in response to episodic DO supply on the sediment surface during midst of seasonal hypoxia.
N-acetyl-L-tryptophan attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway in rats
Authors: Pan Yitong , Yu Shuna , Wang Jianxin , Li Wanzhen , Li Huiting , Bai Chen , Sheng Yaxin , Li Ming , Wang Chenchen , Liu Jiao , Xie Peitong , Wang Can , Jiang Jiying , Li Jianguo
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of TLR4/NLRP3 signal during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) and to verify whether N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (L-NAT) protected hepatocytes by regulating the activation of TLR4/NLRP3 signal. We have established the rat HIRI model and H2O2-induced cell damage model to simulate ischemia-reperfusion injury and detect the corresponding indicators. Compared with the sham group, Suzuki score and the level of serum ALT increased after HIRI, accompanied by an increased expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, TLR4, and NF-κB. While L-NAT pretreatment reversed the above-mentioned changes. Compared with the control group, cells in the H2O2 treated group became smaller in cell volume and round in shape with unclear boundaries. Similar to the phenotypes in vivo, H2O2 treatment also induced significant increase in expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β) and inflammatory factors (TLR4 and NF-κB). While L-NAT pretreatment attenuated injuries caused by H2O2. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that L-NAT alleviates HIRI by regulating activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which may be related to the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
COVID-19: Why has Africa been “Spared”?
Authors: Manga J. A. Mbarga
Published: August 2021

After more than one year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the disaster predicted in Africa by experts has not occurred. The present review aimed to discuss factors which may have played an important role in this low incidence. The analysis of data provided by the WHO database and the ECDC (European Center for Disease Prevention and Control) was made. Using explicit reasoning and existing data, the most significant factors were listed and discussed. We found that Africa had the lowest percentage of COVID-19 cases per population (0.33%) and various factors such as rapid reactions, effective preventive measures, demographics, the impact of previous epidemics, genetic and immunity factors may have played an important role in this low incidence of the pandemic in Africa. It appears that Africa is globally less affected. Most of the factors discussed may have played an important role, but the genetic hypothesis and the potential undercount of cases, less studied to date, should be investigated.
The Significant Effect of Entrepreneurship in Appraising Unemployment Problems in South East, Nigeria
Authors: Orajaka Ugochukwu Paul
Published: August 2021

The cram widen the concept of entrepreneurship, the impact, the influence and the need to stick firmly to economic development, job availability, modernization and industrialization in the course of entrepreneurial development in South Eastern region. The researches explore numerous studies on entrepreneurial development in Nigeria, Africa and beyond. The study applies research design for the research method, population sample, sample size and sample techniques. The analysis employ descriptive statistic, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), mean scores and correlation methods as tools applied to analyze the respondent questionnaires; in other to understand what the data is informing the researcher. The results shows strongly agree and agree are significant with significant value of 0.000 with 80.3% correlation rate of the variables and the mean score of 4.0 approximately, which implies that the alternative hypothesis will be accepted. One way analyses of variance also validate the correlations significant level with 0.000 significant values for the respondent questionnaires. The one way ANOVA result agreed with that of correlation result to accept the alternative hypothesis. Having assessed the study, the decision rule implies that entrepreneurial development has effective benefit to job availability in South Eastern region.
Exploration of Cash Flow Management for Enterprise’s Business Performance
Authors: Egwu Emmanuel Makoji , Orugun Fausat Ibidunni , Adelakun Abosede
Published: August 2021

The study explored cash flow management for enterprise’s business performance. The study specifically investigated SMEs’ fulfilment of financial obligations through cash flow management, and determines the influence of cash flow management strategy on their performance in FCT Abuja. Survey research design was used. Data were gathered and analysed using the descriptive method and regression analysis. Findings showed that cash flow management influences the fulfilment of financial obligations, and that cash flow management strategies influence the performance of enterprises in Abuja. The study concluded that cash flow is critical to the success of enterprises. The study recommended that owners and managers of enterprises in Abuja should improve on their cash flow management, and that policy makers should incorporate strategy in management of cash flow framework to enhance improved performance.
Assessment of Democracy in Library and Information Activities
Authors: Kazimi Parviz Firudin Oqlu
Published: August 2021

The repertoire of library and information resources, the organization of information services and the acquisition of sources in the implementation of library policy are based on historical traditions. In the digital space and in the globalizing world, this process has changed both its form and its essence.

It is known that throughout history, information resources have been censored and restricted. While these censorship restrictions are sometimes considered severe and sometimes insignificant, this problem arises and raises questions during the "dissemination" and "promotion" of information.

The issue of limiting information and prohibiting its dissemination in the global information space remains relevant today. These restrictions can, at the request of a number of states, limit the scope of religious beliefs, as well as court decisions. Local, regional representations can also meet a number of restrictive requirements. I think that when it comes to free and democratic circulation of information products in the information space, it is necessary to define a mathematical model of how democratic it is. This article can be seen as a summary of the existing experience in this area.
Evaluation of the « Time/Risk » Probability of being Infected and its Evolution Before/After a Long Term Village Scale Malaria Vector Control Programme in Angola
Authors: Carnevale P. , Carnevale N. , Carnevale G.
Published: August 2021

Three main entomological indicators are classically used in the epidemiology of malaria: the inoculation rate (“h”) of Ross, the vectorial capacity (“C”) of Garrett-Jones and the reproduction rate (“z”) of Macdonald. In spite of their undoubtfully usefulness it appeared that their formulae did not integrate the key parameter of “t” i.e. the time of exposure and therefore the probabilities of being infected according to the entomological condition (density, infectivity, longevity of the vectors) but also the time/risk and the reduction of this risk when some village-scale vector control measures are implemented.

To deal with this approach we used the Briley’s formula, elaborated some years ago, to analyze the time/risk of being infected in the framework of a long term village scale vector control programme implemented around Balombo (Benguela Province, Angola) with classical method (inside residual spraying) and newly developed tool s (insecticide treated plastic sheeting) used alone or in association with the classical long lasting insecticide treated nets.

Before vector control the risk was almost 20% in one week, 60% in one month and 100% in 3 months and this explain why plasmodic index are so high in this area without any organized vector control programme.

The 3 methods actually reduced the risks which become of the order of 2% in one week, 10% in one month, 26% in one trimester but 70% in one year; the three methods had the same efficacy in reducing these risks. The fact that the risk reach 70% in one year even with right vector control shows the needs of renewing regularly the operations, the needs of other than entomological methods of prevention but also that immunity could be maintained and feared “rebound” was not observed even during the long term of the programme.
A glycosaminoglycan microarray identifies the binding of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein to chondroitin sulfate E
Authors: Watanabe Tomoko , Takeda Ko , Hiemori Keiko , Minamisawa Toshikazu , Tateno Hiroaki
Published: August 2021

Heparan sulfate (HS), a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG), was reported to be a necessary host attachment factor that promotes SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In this study, we developed GAG microarrays based on fluorescence detection for high‐sensitivity screening of the GAG‐binding specificity of proteins and applied it for the analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S) protein. Among the 20 distinct GAGs, the S protein bound not only to heparin (HEP)/HS but also to chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) in a concentration‐dependent manner. We then analyzed the specificity of each subunit of the S protein. While the S1 subunit showed exclusive binding to HEP, the S2 subunit also bound to CSE and HEP/HS. CSE might act as an alternative attachment factor for HS in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Hemin activation abrogates Mycoplasma hyorhinis replication in chronically infected prostate cancer cells via heme oxygenase‐1 induction
Authors: Huang Hanxia , Dabrazhynetskaya Alena , Pluznik Jacob , Zheng Jiwen , Wu Yong , Chizhikov Vladimir , Buehler Paul W. , Yamada Kenneth M. , Dhawan Subhash
Published: August 2021

Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) lacks a cell wall and resists multiple antibiotics. We describe here the striking > 90% inhibitory effect of hemin, a natural inducer of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), on M. hyorhinis replication in chronically infected LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The role of HO‐1 in interrupting M. hyorhinis replication was confirmed by HO‐1‐specific siRNA suppression of hemin‐induced HO‐1 protein expression, which increased intracellular M. hyorhinis DNA levels in LNCaP cells. Proteomic analysis and transmission electron microscopy of hemin‐treated cells confirmed the complete absence of M. hyorhinis proteins and intact microorganisms, respectively, strongly supporting these findings. Our study is the first to our knowledge suggesting therapeutic potential for activated HO‐1 in cellular innate responses against mycoplasma infection.
Accuracy of HVL measurements utilizing solid state detectors for radiography and fluoroscopy X‐ray systems
Authors: Lin Pei‐Jan P. , Goode Allen R.
Published: August 2021

The half‐value layer (HVL) is one of the regulatory required radiation safety parameters that needs to be measured annually. With the advent of solid state detectors and their associated electrometer assembly, the HVL measurement can be conducted with relative ease. In fact, various radiological technique parameters such as tube potential (kV), exposure time in millisecond (msec), air kerma (mGy), and air kerma rate (mGy/sec) can be obtained along with the HVL with just one exposure. The measured (or, calculated) HVL is based on radiation detection systems calibrated for conventional x‐ray systems equipped with tungsten anode and added aluminum filters (molybdenum anode and filter in the case of mammography systems). However, a new generation of radiography and fluoroscopy (R/F) systems, inclusive of interventional angiography equipment, is equipped with varying thicknesses and materials of spectral shaping filters (SSF) to minimize the radiation exposure to the patients while image quality is maintained and optimized. The accuracy of HVL obtained with new generation of R/F systems has not been investigated in depth due to the addition of spectral filters yielding a harder beam quality with a higher HVL than the regulatory required value of 2.9 mm Al HVL at 80 kV. It would be of great interest to determine the accuracy of HVL as measured (or, calculated) by the solid state detector systems (SSDS), especially when accurate radiation dose delivered to the patient is required. In this investigation, the subject is limited to the accuracy of HVL measurement for conventional R/F systems.
Formation of droplets of shear‐thinningnon‐Newtonianfluids in a step‐emulsification microdevice
Authors: Liu Xiyang , Liu Ziwei , Jiang Shaokun , Zhu Chunying , Ma Youguang , Fu Taotao
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the formation mechanism of droplets of shear‐thinning non‐Newtonian fluids in a step‐emulsification microdevice is studied experimentally, by using aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the dispersed phase and cyclohexane as the continuous phase. According to the evolution of the front‐end length of the dispersed thread over time, the droplet generation process is divided into three stages: the two‐dimensional expansion stage, the three‐dimensional rapid expansion stage, and the necking stage. The influence of the dispersed phase flow rateQdand CMC concentrationcon droplet formation is described. The results show that the addition of CMC in the aqueous solution increases the viscosity of the dispersed phase and slows down the evolution of the dispersed phase, thereby resulting in the increase of the droplet size. Finally, a droplet volume prediction model considering non‐Newtonian characteristics is proposed, and the formation of satellite droplets is analyzed.
Matter Matters: Assembling Life after Post‐Milan
Authors: Rhodes Paul
Published: August 2021

In 2018 I wrote an auto‐ethnographic paper about my relationship with Open Dialogue and how it helped me restore my interiority after a commitment of technique‐oriented Post‐Milan therapy. I attempted to document this as an emergent writing style, inviting you into my own momentary world (ing). This current paper serves as a second assemblage, one that surprised me, revealing itself fully this week, focusing instead on Matter, and how the post‐humanist commitment to radically different ‘systems’ has led to new inchoate relations between my body, that of other species and actors. and caused me to associate further into the rhythms of the seasons, both ecological and in the lives of the families I work with as a therapist.
Influence of thiopheneyl‐based twisted backbone on the properties of α‐diimine nickel catalysts in ethylene polymerization
Authors: Liao Daohong , Behzadi Shabnam , Hong Changwen , Zou Chen , Qasim Muhammad , Chen Min
Published: August 2021

The modification of ligand sterics has become a prevalent strategy to tune the properties of α‐diimine‐type nickel catalysts. The majority of the works in this field focus on the modifications of the aniline moiety. In this contribution, we decide to explore the influence of backbone structures. Specifically, nickel complexes bearing 2,5‐dimethyl‐thien‐3‐yl and 2‐methyl‐5‐phenylthien‐3‐yl backbone structures were prepared and characterized. In comparison with the nickel analogue with methyl backbone, these new nickel complexes demonstrate much higher catalytic activity and thermal stability upto 80°C in ethylene polymerization and generate polymer products with much higher molecular weight along with lower branching density and higher melting points. It is believed that the bulky substituents at ligand backbone will exert influence on the N‐aryl moieties and increase steric bulkiness around the metal center. This backbone strategy is applicable for future studies in other catalytic reactions.
School safety and violence: Drawing on a public health approach
Authors: Rajan Sonali
Published: August 2021

There is extensive research in the area of school violence prevention that has collectively helped to illuminate trends, identify disparities in experiences with school violence across various subgroups, drawn connections between the implications of these experiences to health and learning outcomes across childhood, and subsequently informed specific safety policies and practices that schools have been able to adapt and implement in their efforts to keep their students not only safe from violence but also promote schools as a space where children are able to thrive. This paper draws on a rich set of recent literature and seeks to further this critical discussion by highlighting a conceptual framework at the intersection of public health and education and its role in shaping conversations on school safety. A discussion on the emergence of trauma‐informed school spaces and the ways in which attending to a child's mental and physical health are tied to learning outcomes is also presented. Moreover, this work draws connections to how other public health issues that also exist in school spaces have been addressed as effective examples for how to speak about, study, and respond to the issue of violence in K‐12 schools. Given the unique ways in which school gun violence has more recently shaped safety decisions in schools across the United States, implications specifically for school gun violence prevention are also presented.
Designing GO Channels with High Selectivity for CO2/N2 Separation via Incorporating Metal Ions
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Zheng Jing , Zhao Jing , Jin Wanqin
Published: August 2021

Graphene oxide (GO) membranes holds great potential for high‐performance CO2 capture. Aiming at enhancing the CO2 separation performance and structural stability of GO membranes, functionalizing GO channels with metal ions confers a promising strategy. In this study, we reported the fabrication of metal ion‐incorporated GO membranes with remarkably improved CO2/N2 separation performance. The metal ions within GO channels contribute to facilitating CO2 transport, decreasing N2 solubility, hindering N2 diffusion, and form multiple interactions with GO nanosheets. After introducing Mg2+ ions, the CO2/N2 separation factor of GO membrane is remarkably increased from 4 to 48.8 with the CO2 permeance increases 1.5 times. Moreover, the separation performance of the GO‐Mg2+ membranes shows an excellent long‐term stability owing to the structural robustness. This study could provide insights into the regulation of the microstructure of metal ion‐functionalized GO membranes for highly selective transport of specific molecules.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α expression aberration of M1/M2 macrophages in adult high‐functioning autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Yamauchi Takahira , Makinodan Manabu , Toritsuka Michihiro , Okumura Kazuki , Kayashima Yoshinori , Ishida Rio , Kishimoto Naoko , Takahashi Masato , Komori Takashi , Yamaguchi Yasunari , Takada Ryohei , Yamamuro Kazuhiko , Kimoto Sohei , Yasuda Yuka , Hashimoto Ryota , Kishimoto Toshifumi
Published: August 2021

The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex, and its pathobiology is characterized by enhanced inflammatory activities; however, the precise pathobiology and underlying causes of ASD remain unclear. This study was performed to identify inflammatory indicators useful for diagnosing ASD. The mRNA expression of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), was measured in cultured M1 and M2 macrophages from patients with ASD (n = 29) and typically developed (TD) individuals (n = 30). Additionally, TNF‐α expression in the monocytes of patients with ASD (n = 7), showing aberrations in TNF‐α expression in M1/M2 macrophages and TD individuals (n = 6), was measured. TNF‐α expression in M1 macrophages and the TNF‐α expression ratio in M1/M2 macrophages were markedly higher in patients with ASD than in TD individuals; however, this increase was not observed in M2 macrophages (M1: sensitivity = 34.5%, specificity = 96.7%, area under the curve = 0.74, positive likelihood ratio = 10.34; ratio of M1/M2: sensitivity = 55.2%, specificity = 96.7%, area under the curve = 0.79, positive likelihood ratio = 16.55). Additionally, TNF‐α expression in monocytes did not significantly differ between patients with ASD and TD individuals. In conclusion, further studies on TNF‐α expression in cultured macrophages may improve the understanding of ASD pathobiology.

Lay Summary

TNF‐α expression in differentiated M1 macrophages and TNF‐α expression ratio in differentiated M1/M2 macrophages were markedly higher in patients with ASD than in TD individuals, while no difference in TNF‐α expression was found in pre‐differentiation cells such as monocytes. These measurements allow elucidation of the novel pathobiology of ASD and can contribute to biomarker implementation for the diagnosis of adult high‐functioning ASD.
Sterilization of sealed PVDF pouches containing decellularized scaffold by electrical stimulation
Authors: Lee Mi Hee , Jeong HaKyeong , Koo Min‐Ah , Seon Gyeung Mi , Hong Seung Hee , Park Ye Jin , Park Jong‐Chul
Published: August 2021

A terminal sterilization process for tissue engineering products, such as allografts and biomaterials is necessary to ensure complete removal of pathogenic microorganisms such as the bacteria, fungi, and viruses. However, it can be difficult to sterilize allografts and artificial tissue models packaged in wet conditions without deformation. In this study, we investigated the sterilization effects of electrical stimulation (ES) and assessed its suitability by evaluating sterility assurance levels in pouches at a constant current. Stability of polyvinylidene fluoride pouches was determined by a sterility test performed after exposure to five microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans) for 5 days; the sterility test was also performed with decellularized human dermal tissues inoculated with the five microorganisms. Sterilization using ES inactivated microorganisms both inside and outside of sealed pouches and caused no damage to the packaged tissue. Our results support the development of a novel system that involves ES sterilization for packaging of implantable biomaterials and human derived materials.
A two‐step strategy for quality control of Xin‐Yu‐Tie‐Pian, an ointment patch
Authors: Chen Xuezhao , Zhang Xiaoyong , Li Wei , Li Shouxin , Ma Shenglin , Tian Jingkui
Published: August 2021

Xin‐Yu‐Tie‐Pian, an ointment patch which is composed of Tetradium ruticarpum and Asarum sieboldii Miquel, can be used for curing recurrent oral ulcers owing to its good bioactivities. Currently, the lack of a method for its quality evaluation hinders the development and clinical application of Xin‐Yu‐Tie‐Pian. Thus, it is necessary to perform research on quality control. The chromatographic fingerprint, as an identification method, and the simultaneous determination method for two bioactive constituents, evodiamine and rutecarpine, can be used to evaluate the quality of traditional medicine. In this study, a two‐step strategy including fingerprint analysis for identification and a simultaneous determination method for two bioactive constituents was performed for Xin‐Yu‐Tie‐Pian quality control. The fingerprint analysis was validated by stability, precision and repeatability tests and a similarity evaluation was performed with 10 selected characteristic fingerprint peaks of 10 batches of Xin‐Yu‐Tie‐Pian patch. Meanwhile, the simultaneous determination method was evaluated by methodological experiments, including linearity, accuracy, repeatability, stability and feasibility. Finally, the results indicate that this two‐step strategy, including HPLC fingerprint analysis and simultaneous determination method, can be successfully applied for the assessment of the quality and quantity of Xin‐Yu‐Tie‐Pian.
Be clear about differences between service animals, ESAs
Authors: Sejdic Alana
Published: August 2021

A service animal and an assistance animal are different. The Americans with Disabilities Act defines a service     animal as a dog that is individually trained to do work or perform tasks for people with disabilities. The Fair Housing Act uses the term “assistance animal” to refer to service animals and emotional support animals. This is where the confusion starts.
Review recent rulings involving the disciplinary process
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: August 2021

An overview of the key topics faced by campus administrators with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
A robust signature of immune‐related long non‐coding RNA to predict the prognosis of bladder cancer
Authors: Lai Cong , Wu Zhenyu , Li Zhuohang , Yu Hao , Li Kuiqing , Tang Zhuang , Liu Cheng , Xu Kewei
Published: August 2021

Background

Bladder cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in the urogenital system. The research investigated the prognostic role of immune‐related long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) in bladder cancer.

Methods

We extracted 411 bladder cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis was employed to assess the immune cell infiltration of these samples. We recognized differentially expressed lncRNAs between tumors and paracancerous tissues, and differentially expressed lncRNAs between the high and low immune cell infiltration groups. Venn diagram analysis detected differentially expressed lncRNAs that intersected the above groups. LncRNAs with prognostic significance were identified by regression analysis. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to establish the risk score model. Then we established and evaluated the nomogram. Additionally, we performed gene set enrichment analysis to explore the potential functions of the screened lncRNAs in tumor pathogenesis.

Results

Three hundred and twenty differentially expressed lncRNAs were recognized. We randomly divided patients into the training data set and the testing data set at a 2: 1 ratio. In the training data set, 9 immune‐related lncRNAs with prognostic significance were identified. The risk score model was constructed to classify patients as high‐ and low‐risk cohorts. Patients in the low‐risk cohort had better survival outcomes than those in the high‐risk cohort. The nomogram was established based on the indicators including age, gender, tumor‐node‐metastases stage, and risk score. The model's predictive performance was confirmed by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, concordance index method, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. The testing data set also achieved similar results. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the 9‐lncRNA signature was involved in the modulation of various immune responses, antigen processing and presentation, and T cell receptor signaling pathway.

Conclusions

Our study uncovered the prognostic value of immune‐related lncRNAs for bladder cancer and showed that they may regulate tumor pathogenesis in various ways.
Unexplained recurrent shock in peripheral T‐cell lymphoma: A case report
Authors: Imamura Hiroshi , Kashima Yuichiro , Hattori Masao , Mori Kotaro , Takeshige Kanako , Nakazawa Hideyuki
Published: August 2021

Malignant lymphoma sometimes manifests with septic‐like shock symptoms. We report a case of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma presenting with unexplained recurrent shock in absence of apparent lymphadenopathy. The patient also experienced varied symptoms, including severe chest and back pain, respiratory distress due to tracheobronchomalacia, skin rash, and fever.
Electrochemical Active Surface Area Determination of Iridium‐Based Mixed Oxides by Mercury Underpotential Deposition
Authors: Duran Silvia , Elmaalouf Marine , Odziomek Mateusz , Piquemal Jean‐Yves , Faustini Marco , Giraud Marion , Peron Jennifer , Tard Cédric
Published: August 2021

The electrochemical surface area (ECSA) is a critical property to describe, analyze and compare electrocatalysts. The determination of the mass activity of a given catalyst is associated with this parameter which can thus lead to materials benchmarking. Reliable and robust methods to measure ECSA are needed, and those have to accommodate different structures, morphologies and compositions. In this study, we investigate mercury underpotential deposition (HgUPD) as a way to estimate ECSA for ultraporous electrocatalysts based on iridium and iridium‐molybdenum electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. Results reveal a clear agreement between physisorption measurements and HgUPD with excellent reproducibility. The method shows also that pre‐ and post‐catalysis surface area measurements are not affected by the catalytic process on short timescale, opening the possibility of electrocalyst stability and degradation monitoring.
Singlet‐Oxygen‐Induced Phospholipase A2 Inhibition: A Major Role for Interfacial Tryptophan Dioxidation
Authors: Nasri Zahra , Memari Seyedali , Wenske Sebastian , Clemen Ramona , Martens Ulrike , Delcea Mihaela , Bekeschus Sander , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter , von Woedtke Thomas , Wende Kristian
Published: August 2021

Several studies have revealed that various diseases such as cancer have been associated with elevated phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. Therefore, the regulation of PLA2 catalytic activity is undoubtedly vital. In this study, effective inactivation of PLA2 due to reactive species produced from cold physical plasma as a source to model oxidative stress is reported. We found singlet oxygen to be the most relevant active agent in PLA2 inhibition. A more detailed analysis of the plasma‐treated PLA2 identified tryptophan 128 as a hot spot, rich in double oxidation. The significant dioxidation of this interfacial tryptophan resulted in an N‐formylkynurenine product via the oxidative opening of the tryptophan indole ring. Molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the efficient interactions between the tryptophan residue and phospholipids are eliminated following tryptophan dioxidation. As interfacial tryptophan residues are predominantly involved in the attaching of membrane enzymes to the bilayers, tryptophan dioxidation and indole ring opening leads to the loss of essential interactions for enzyme binding and, consequently, enzyme inactivation.
Monitoring the reaction kinetics of waterborne 2‐pack polyurethane coatings in the dispersion and during film formation
Authors: Zhou Hang , Liu Yang , Lu Yijie , Tran Kenneth , Schackmann Emi , Zhang Margaret , Soleimani Mohsen , Lucas Frédéric , Winnik Mitchell A.
Published: August 2021

We examine the nature of the chemical reactions taking place in a waterborne two‐component polyurethane formulation consisting of an acrylic polyol latex and a hydrophilically modified polyisocyanate (hmPIC) based on the trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate. The hmPIC was diluted with 30 wt.% of an organic solvent to reduce its viscosity and formed small (~20 nm) droplets when dispersed in water. In mixtures of the polyol and hmPIC, we monitored the rate of NCO group disappearance in the dispersed state by FTIR and showed that it varied with the choice of organic solvent. We developed a method based upon 19F NMR to distinguish the reaction of the NCO groups with OH groups from the polyol from its reaction with water. FTIR measurements on films formed from these dispersions showed how the disappearance of NCO groups depended on relative humidity. In a more semi‐quantitative way, these measurements indicated the relative extent of urethane versus urea formation in these model coatings.
Liquid biopsy for the diagnosis of HPV‐associated head and neck cancer
Authors: Faden Daniel L.
Published: August 2021

Blood‐based molecular diagnostics have emerged as diagnostic tools applicable to a broad spectrum of tumor types from early diagnosis to treatment monitoring and the detection of recurrent disease. Here, we discuss emerging data on HPV‐specific liquid biopsies and their utility as diagnostic tests for HPV‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Simulation of the electromagnetic characters of a Faraday‐shielded antenna in a helicon wave plasma source
Authors: Zhou Y. , Ji P. Y. , Tan H. Y. , Zhou M. J. , Wu X. M.
Published: August 2021

In this article, a structure that employs a Faraday shield between the Shoji antenna and the dielectric tube, which aims to reduce the dielectric wall sputtering, is investigated for the helicon wave plasma (HWP) sources. Faraday shield is usually used between the antenna and the reaction chamber to reduce the radiation from the high electromagnetic field generation, as well as to prevent the sputtering of the antenna material from polluting the reaction chamber during the discharge. Here, the influence of the Faraday shield on the longitudinal and radial electric field of the antenna is analysed through COMSOL MultiphysicsTM. Significant attenuations of both the longitudinal and radial fields are observed in the presence of the shield. In addition, by comparing the electric field distribution under two different shielding parameters, it is found that the shielding effects are not the same. Therefore, a detailed study of two kinds of design (pitch and gap) for the shield was carried out. The results show that the pitch has a little impact on the overall shielding effect when the gap is unaltered. The best shielding performance appears when we set the pitch at T of 8 and 10. In addition, the shielding effect also becomes worse as the gap increases while the pitch remains unchanged. A relatively good shielding effect can be produced by setting the gap to the value of 4–8 mm (a gap/pitch ratio of 2/15–4/15). This work provides a theoretical basis for designing a Faraday shield structure between the antenna and the dielectric tube, which is helpful to realize stable and controllable HWP discharges.
Nonmetal‐to‐metal transition in dense fluid helium
Authors: Preising Martin , Redmer Ronald
Published: August 2021

The nonmetal‐to‐metal transition in dense fluid helium is discussed, which has been, in analogy to metallization of hydrogen, predicted as first‐order plasma phase transition using chemical models for the equation of state and plasma composition. However, recent ab initio simulations performed for dense fluid helium indicate that this transition is continuous in the considered regime, without a density jump and latent heat as characteristic of a first‐order phase transition. Implications for some astrophysical plasmas are discussed.
Cytotype and genotype predict mortality and recruitment in Colorado quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
Authors: Blonder Benjamin , Ray Courtenay A. , Walton James A. , Castaneda Marco , Chadwick K. Dana , Clyne Michael O. , Gaüzère Pierre , Iversen Lars L. , Lusk Madison , Strimbeck G. Richard , Troy Savannah , Mock Karen E.
Published: August 2021

Species responses to climate change depend on environment, genetics, and interactions among these factors. Intraspecific cytotype (ploidy level) variation is a common type of genetic variation in many species. However, the importance of intraspecific cytotype variation in determining demography across environments is poorly known. We studied quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), which occurs in diploid and triploid cytotypes. This widespread tree species is experiencing contractions in its western range, which could potentially be linked to cytotype‐dependent drought tolerance. We found that interactions between cytotype and environment drive mortality and recruitment across 503 plots in Colorado. Triploids were more vulnerable to mortality relative to diploids and had reduced recruitment on more drought‐prone and disturbed plots relative to diploids. Furthermore, there was substantial genotype‐dependent variation in demography. Thus, cytotype and genotype variation are associated with decline in this foundation species. Future assessment of demographic responses to climate change will benefit from knowledge of how genetic and environmental mosaics interact to determine species’ ecophysiology and demography.