bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic Assessment of Existing Gravity Load-Designed RC Framed Building
Authors: Jamaiwar Mr. Ritesh , Thamke Prof. Prajwalita
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Reinforced concrete frames designed with early seismic codes, or sometimes without seismic codes, tend to be low and in most cases have limited ductility. Very often the details are poor and therefore the critical zones do not behave flexibly and have delicate failure mechanisms. Because of these problems, the evaluation of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures requires a complex procedure. A summary of the models that allow the analysis of the nonlinear behavior of RC structures is discussed. An innovative numerical model is presented that takes into account the main mechanical phenomena influencing the nonlinear behavior of RC frames. Finally, the influence of different force and deformation sources on the global behavior of existing buildings is investigated and the necessary features of numerical models are pointed out.
Quality Prediction Model for Drug Classification using Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Kumar Ayush
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Thousands of approved drugs are used to treat people who suffer from various medical problems. Therefore, adverse effects and other protection uncertainty are important to be recognized that can help in patient control. The objective of this paper is to build and compare different machine learning models for classifying of drugs. The dataset comprises of the data about a set of patients and their response to one of the five medications. This paper will investigate which algorithm generates the most accurate prediction for Drug classification.
Ride Sharing with Privacy, Trust and Fair Payment by using Blockchain
Authors: Singh Ayush Kumar , . Ayushman , Yadav Abhisekh Kumar , Mishra hivendra , Joshi Anju
Published: January 2023

Abstract: The idea of sharing economy provides rise to distinctive concepts and develops innovative businesses. This text aims to relate the good town concept by introducing the good transport system and explores the opportunities of adopting blockchain technology in ridesharing services. Blockchain technology could be a distributed, suburbanized public ledger that allows peer-topeer transactions in a very secure means with no third party. This proposes a blockchain-based framework from the prevailing centralized framework for a ride-sharing service and implements a similar as a suburbanized application (DApp) primarily based on good contracts on Ethereum Blockchain. exploitation good contracts facilitate the users with automated transactions, removes the intermediaries, and allows varied activities to be carried out safely and firmly. Implementation of good contracts is finished exploitation of the Solidity programming language. This DApp uses the min matching algorithmic program to match riders requesting rideshare to avoid wasting total travel distance. With the overwhelming growth in the usage of crypto currencies, good contracts usage in applications as projected during this paper will rework the sharing economy.
Effects of undergraduates' conscientiousness on their cyber aggression: The roles of online moral anger and gender
Authors: Xie Dengfeng , Xie Zhangming
Published: January 2023

Although, in theory, the conscientiousness of college students should reduce their aggressive behavior, the basic process underlying this relationship remains unknown. This study investigated the relationship between the conscientiousness of college students and their cyber aggression,
the mediating effect of online moral anger, and the moderating effect of gender. Participants were 92 college students, who completed a survey questionnaire about their conscientiousness, cyber aggression, and online moral anger. The results showed that conscientiousness negatively predicted
the cyber aggression of college students. Further, online moral anger partially mediated the link between conscientiousness and cyber aggression, and the mediating effect of conscientiousness on cyber aggression was moderated by gender, with the effect only observed in male students. The results
indicate that the conscientiousness of college students can reduce cyber aggression, and male college students can reduce cyber aggression through appropriately displaying enhanced moral anger.
Psychological capital moderates the effect of emotional labor strategies on job burnout in college teachers
Authors: Yin Weiwei
Published: January 2023

I explored the correlations of psychological capital, job burnout, and emotional labor strategies. Participants were 434 teachers at two universities in China, who completed scales to measure the three variables. Results showed that both deep acting and expression of natural emotion
were negatively correlated with college teachers' job burnout, and surface acting was positively correlated with job burnout. Additionally, psychological capital significantly moderated these effects: For teachers with high psychological capital, expression of natural emotion and deep acting
were both significantly correlated with job burnout, but the correlation between surface acting and burnout was not significant; however, for teachers with low psychological capital, surface acting and burnout were significantly correlated, but the correlations between expression of natural
emotion and burnout, and between deep acting and burnout were not significant. The results shed light on how to reduce and prevent job burnout among college teachers.
The urge to search: A multinational model of prepurchase behavior during COVID-19
Authors: Wang Tsang Hsien
Published: January 2023

In this study I proposed a multinational model to explore how COVID-19 mortality salience influences countries' prepurchase online keyword search behavior for products during the pandemic. I used the COVID-19 death toll in 75 countries and extracted Google Trends data to develop a global
search ranking that I called the religious searching popularity index (RSPI) as well as a prepurchase index (PPI) for the test products. I used terror management theory to investigate how the RSPI and product type (home use or nonhome use) moderated the relationship between the COVID-19 death
toll and the PPI for each of eight products. The results suggested that purchasing did not increase for every home-use product, nor did purchasing of every non-home-use product decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the PPIs, countries with a higher RSPI had lower search impulses
for Nintendo Switch, perfume, treadmills, and watches. The death toll significantly affected the PPIs of some specific home-use and non-home-use items, mainly in countries with lower RSPIs. Replication of this model will assist multinational businesses and researchers in identifying market
opportunities for products.
School climate and depressive symptoms of disciplinary alternative school students: Resilience as a mediator
Authors: Zhou Lisi , Zhang Xianglan , Liu Li
Published: January 2023

We examined the relationships among school climate, resilience, and depressive symptoms of 153 students at disciplinary alternative schools in China, focusing on the mediating effect of resilience and its two components of individual power and supportive power in the association between
school climate and students' depressive symptoms. Participants completed the Perceived School Climate Inventory-Middle School, the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results indicated that the students' perception of school
climate and their depressive symptoms were significantly and negatively correlated, and resilience and depressive symptoms were also significantly and negatively correlated. In addition, resilience significantly mediated the effect of school climate on the students' depressive symptoms. Finally,
the effect of individual power in mediation of the relationship between school climate and depressive symptoms was greater than that of supportive power. The findings provide implications for school policy makers and mental health professionals by highlighting the need for promoting both a
positive school climate and students' resilience and its component of individual power.
UMA ANÁLISE DOS RECURSOS DO PRONAF PELO MODELO DE OPÇÃO PÚBLICA: DE 1995 A 2020
Authors: Lopes Silva Bruno , Vital Tales Wanderley , Marinho da Silva Lorrane , Pinto Xavier Maria Gilca
Published: January 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar através do modelo de opção pública como tem sido a gestão dos recursos destinados ao Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF), verificando como os diferentes governos – desenvolvimentista e neoliberal - têm utilizado o PRONAF para favorecer seus grupos de interesse e se cumpriram com o objetivo do Programa.  O estudo utilizou a combinação dos métodos, por intermédio de uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Quanto ao procedimento, buscou-se verificar a abrangência do Programa em público e território. Ainda, se houve incremento no aporte financeiro para o PRONAF nos dados da produção de alimentos oriunda da agricultura familiar de 1995 a 2020 e na distribuição dos recursos por região, mediante o levantamento de dados secundários nos órgãos do governo, revisão de estudos e artigos científicos realizados sobre o tema, visando compreender as opções que os governos do país vêm fazendo ao gerir o programa e, principalmente, para a produção agrícola familiar no Brasil. Foi possível observar que as opções feitas pelos governos, principalmente neoliberais, analisados dentro do período de funcionamento do PRONAF foram no sentido de beneficiar a produção de commodities agrícolas para exportação, bem como a concentração desta produção em estados das regiões sul e sudeste. A política pública inerente a este Programa não vem cumprindo seu papel de diversificar a produção, seja em cultura de cultivo ou mesmo em territorialidade.
CAMINHOS PARA CONSTRUÇÃO DE CIRCUITO CURTO DE COMERCIALIZAÇÃO AGROECOLÓGICA EM BREJO DA MADRE DE DEUS-PE
Authors: Silva Henagio José , Andrade Horasa Maria Lima da Silva , Mattos Jorge Luiz Schirmer de , Andrade Luciano Pires de
Published: January 2023

A problemática dos agrotóxicos na agricultura brasileira vem se intensificando nos últimos anos, com impactos na natureza e, principalmente, na saúde dos agricultores e consumidores. E, neste sentido, os sistemas agroalimentares sustentáveis e de base agroecológica apresentam-se como alternativas viáveis para a obtenção de formas de consumo e modos de vida mais saudáveis. Uma maneira de fazer com que os alimentos oriundos de sistemas agroalimentares sustentáveis cheguem aos consumidores é via circuitos curtos de comercialização (CCC), aproximando quem produz de quem consome. No presente estudo analisou-se o potencial consumidor de alimentos orgânicos junto aos moradores urbanos da sede municipal de Brejo da Madre de Deus, localizado no Agreste Central do Estado de Pernambuco, com vistas à criação de uma feira agroecológica. E resultou de uma pesquisa de opinião realizada em parceria com a Associação Terra Fértil. Os dados foram obtidos com o auxílio de um formulário Google, enviado aos indivíduos via WhatsApp no período de 06 a 21 de junho de 2021, alcançando 221 informantes, potenciais consumidores. Os resultados indicaram a preocupação dos brejenses com relação aos agrotóxicos na alimentação e um significativo interesse em ter uma feira agroecológica no município.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A PRÁTICA DA AGRICULTURA ORGÂNICA E O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL: ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Alves Moura Dalila , Costa Monteiro Larissa , Cizilio Schiffler Thatiana , DelGrossi Mauro Eduardo
Published: January 2023

A insustentabilidade promovida pelo modelo convencional impulsiona a consolidação de formas alternativas de agricultura, como a orgânica, frequentemente relacionada aos pilares social, econômico e ambiental do desenvolvimento sustentável. No entanto, pouco se conhece a respeito de como os próprios produtores interpretam esta relação. Sendo assim, este trabalho objetivou conhecer a opinião de um produtor orgânico sobre a relação entre a agricultura orgânica e a sustentabilidade, através da identificação de dados e informações sobre sua produção e de seu ponto de vista sobre como as técnicas aplicadas podem se relacionar com a sustentabilidade. Foi realizado um estudo de caso com um produtor orgânico de Brasília-DF, utilizando a entrevista semiestruturada como técnica de coleta de dados. Como resultado, o produtor não considerou a produção orgânica mais sustentável que a convencional, principalmente no sentido econômico. Apesar de associar a agricultura orgânica à produção de alimentos mais saudáveis e suas práticas à menos impactos negativos para o meio ambiente, uma vez que estão pautadas na agroecologia, ele apontou barreiras para o desenvolvimento das atividades, como necessidade de alto investimento financeiro, além da indisponibilidade de insumos e de mão de obra. Dado que ainda existem barreiras econômicas e sociais relacionadas ao avanço das práticas de agricultura orgânica, pode ser concluído que, na opinião de alguém que lida com estes fatores na prática, a agricultura orgânica está mais relacionada ao pilar ambiental da sustentabilidade.
AS DOAÇÕES E TRANSFERÊNCIAS DE ALIMENTOS: PRÁTICAS SOCIOECONÔMICAS EM ASSENTAMENTOS DO RS
Authors: Bellé Adilson Roberto , Neumann Pedro Selvino , Zarnott Alisson Vicente
Published: January 2023

N
No modelo econômico vigente o mecanismo predominante é de trocas comerciais, muitas vezes secundarizando e invisibilizando outras formas econômicas como a reciprocidade e a domesticidade, coexistentes no caso do campesinato. O artigo objetiva analisar a importância socioeconômica das transferências e doações de alimentos em famílias assentadas do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado em assentamentos de diferentes regiões do estado, utilizando-se métodos mistos para a pesquisa e análise dos dados. Os resultados apontam que 88% dos entrevistados fazem transferências ou doações de alimentos, tratando-se de uma prática frequente. Mais de 50% das famílias possuem filhos residindo na cidade e que se abastecem de alimentos junto aos pais assentados. Os valores médios transferidos e doados aproximaram-se a 20% do valor de um salário mínimo mensal, chegando em determinadas situações a mais de um salário mínimo. Este valor é significativo para quem recebe, pois a renda média dos empregados nos municípios pesquisados ficou entre dois e três salários mínimos mensais. Por fim, as doações e transferências de alimentos tornam necessária uma releitura do sentido tradicional dado a produção de autoconsumo, pois assumem importância econômica e também fortalecem os laços sociais entre as pessoas envolvidas através da dádiva e reciprocidade.
IDEIAS E ATORES SOCIAIS: UMA ANÁLISE COGNITIVA DO PROGRAMA ESTADUAL DE COMPRAS GOVERNAMENTAIS DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR E ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA (PECAFES)
Authors: Cabral Rafael de Freitas , Ávila Mario Lúcio de
Published: January 2023

Instituído em 2019, o Programa Estadual de Compras Governamentais da Agricultura Familiar e Economia Solidária do Rio Grande do Norte (Pecafes), é uma das diversas iniciativas dos estados subnacionais que desenvolveram políticas públicas voltadas para a aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar, em um cenário de desmonte de políticas públicas em nível federal. A partir da análise cognitiva, este artigo busca compreender os atores e as ideias presentes no processo de criação do programa. Para tanto, realizaram-se entrevistas com representantes de movimentos sociais, gestores públicos e pesquisadores ao longo de 2020 e 2021. A pesquisa identifica cinco fóruns de produção de ideias, a saber: da comunicação política, da agricultura familiar, da agroecologia, do feminismo solidário e da segurança alimentar e nutricional.
Adaptive estimation of quantum observables
Authors: Shlosberg Ariel , Jena Andrew J. , Mukhopadhyay Priyanka , Haase Jan F. , Leditzky Felix , Dellantonio Luca
Published: January 2023

The accurate estimation of quantum observables is a critical task in science. With progress on the hardware, measuring a quantum system will become increasingly demanding, particularly for variational protocols that require extensive sampling. Here, we introduce a measurement scheme that adaptively modifies the estimator based on previously obtained data. Our algorithm, which we call AEQuO, continuously monitors both the estimated average and the associated error of the considered observable, and determines the next measurement step based on this information. We allow both for overlap and non-bitwise commutation relations in the subsets of Pauli operators that are simultaneously probed, thereby maximizing the amount of gathered information. AEQuO comes in two variants: a greedy bucket-filling algorithm with good performance for small problem instances, and a machine learning-based algorithm with more favorable scaling for larger instances. The measurement configuration determined by these subroutines is further post-processed in order to lower the error on the estimator. We test our protocol on chemistry Hamiltonians, for which AEQuO provides error estimates that improve on all state-of-the-art methods based on various grouping techniques or randomized measurements, thus greatly lowering the toll of measurements in current and future quantum applications.
Variational quantum algorithm for unconstrained black box binary optimization: Application to feature selection
Authors: Zoufal Christa , Mishmash Ryan V. , Sharma Nitin , Kumar Niraj , Sheshadri Aashish , Deshmukh Amol , Ibrahim Noelle , Gacon Julien , Woerner Stefan
Published: January 2023

We introduce a variational quantum algorithm to solve unconstrained black box binary optimization problems, i.e., problems in which the objective function is given as black box. This is in contrast to the typical setting of quantum algorithms for optimization where a classical objective function is provided as a given Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem and mapped to a sum of Pauli operators. Furthermore, we provide theoretical justification for our method based on convergence guarantees of quantum imaginary time evolution.To investigate the performance of our algorithm and its potential advantages, we tackle a challenging real-world optimization problem: feature selection. This refers to the problem of selecting a subset of relevant features to use for constructing a predictive model such as fraud detection. Optimal feature selection---when formulated in terms of a generic loss function---offers little structure on which to build classical heuristics, thus resulting primarily in ‘greedy methods’. This leaves room for (near-term) quantum algorithms to be competitive to classical state-of-the-art approaches. We apply our quantum-optimization-based feature selection algorithm, termed VarQFS, to build a predictive model for a credit risk data set with 20 and 59 input features (qubits) and train the model using quantum hardware and tensor-network-based numerical simulations, respectively. We show that the quantum method produces competitive and in certain aspects even better performance compared to traditional feature selection techniques used in today's industry.
Editorial: New developments in corporate law and governance
Authors: Ma Fang
Published: January 2023

This new issue contains articles that deal with both theoretical and practical aspects related to corporate law and corporate governance in countries such as India, Indonesia, Greece, Jordan, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A wide range of fascinating topics is covered, including corporate social responsibility (CSR), bribery, cryptocurrency and money laundering, free trade agreements (FTAs), and the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Are ecologists missing the boat? The dilemma of biodiversity management in the environmental impact assessment process
Authors: Vincent Caroline , Barbé Hélène , Frascaria-Lacoste Nathalie , Pepe Alberto
Published: January 2023

The current strategy for biodiversity conservation is doomed. Based on a
study of evidence-based summaries known as environmental impact
assessment reports produced over the past 44 years, we suggest that
biodiversity loss has not been halted because of a failure to accurately
identify and assess the ecological effects of the drivers of change
linked to land use planning. This failure is due to the poor
representativeness of biological diversity in the practices of planners
and the inadequate involvement of the ecologist community. Researchers
in ecology could play a key role in improving the environmental
considerations in project designs by focusing on preventive assessments
instead of curative solutions.
Deciphering the role of PE_PGRS45 (Rv2615c) protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in host macrophage apoptosis: Possible effector for persistence
Authors: Sharma Monika , Medha * , Priyanka * , Sharma Sadhna
Published: January 2023

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has co-evolved with its host to evade
and modulate host cellular processes. Few PE/PPE proteins of
Mycobacterium have been reported to modulate cell death pathways
and determine the infection outcome. This study investigates role of one
such uncharacterized protein PE_PGRS45/Rv2615c in host cell death and
immuno-modulation. In-silico analysis predicted similarity of
Rv2615c with APAF1-apoptosome and involvement in Cysteine-type
endo-peptidase activation during apoptosis. In-vitro experiments
with THP-1 macrophages confirmed the Caspase-dependent apoptosis
inducing potential of Rv2615c. Several PE_PGRS proteins have been
reported to be TLR-agonist. Docking showed preferential binding of
Rv2615c with TLR4 than TLR2. Up-regulation of
TLR4-HLA-DR-MyD88-NF-ƙB-TNF‐α in Rv2615c-stimulated THP-1 macrophages
was observed. To investigate the mechanism underpinning the apoptotic
function, a thorough sequence scan of Rv2615c revealed the presence of
eukaryotic CARD-like domain in it. In-silico studies showed
binding affinity of Rv2615c’s CARD-like domain with APAF1-CARD and
Caspase9-CARD, attributing Rv2615c’s role in apoptosis. Since, Rv2615c
is reported to be upregulated in dormancy which suggest that it may be
one of the unexplored effectors employed by Mtb for its persistence via
silent cell-to-cell spread of infection by inducing macrophage
apoptosis. Additionally, Rv2615c’s interaction with TLR4 implicates its
engagement in host-pathogen interaction.
Quantifying regional-scale impacts of hemlock woolly adelgid invasion on North American forest bird communities
Authors: Amaral Bruna Rodrigues do , Wilson Andrew , Blum Julie , Miller David
Published: January 2023

Humans significantly influence geographic patterns of biological
invasions, creating conditions for species to overcome biogeographic
barriers and colonize new areas. In the eastern United States, forested
landscapes containing eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) are under
threat by the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Although
several studies have shown the negative effects of adelgid invasion in
local bird communities, its regional impacts have not yet been
quantified. Using broad-scale spatial (entire eastern US range of
hemlock) and temporal (>40 years of bird monitoring data)
databases, we built spatial auto-regressive generalized mixed linear
models to estimate immediate and long-term population effects of adelgid
infestation on population trends of fourteen bird species. We also
determined how winter temperature interacted with adelgid infestation to
affect population trends. We selected the best models using WAIC, and
validated model performance and power using Monte Carlo simulation,
permutation tests, and sensitivity analysis. For all but one species,
the best model included the effects of adelgid infestation on abundance
trends. We observed a > 30% decline for two
hemlock-associates species after infestation: the Blackburnian warbler,
and the Hermit thrush. Declines were greater in the warmest part of
their ranges. In contrast, no control species showed similar declines.
Our results demonstrate that birds locally associated with hemlock
habitat, when evaluated at a broad spatiotemporal scale, also decline in
abundance following infestation. At the same time, declines are not
universal and are dampened as compared to local studies suggesting that
spatial heterogeneity buffers demographic decline. We also found that
cold winters are associated with smaller bird population declines,
suggesting that rising winter temperatures due to climate change might
remove this environmental barrier. Despite the difficulties of
understanding and connecting landscape-scale processes with those at
finer scales, it is critical to evaluate processes that govern
biodiversity distribution from a regional perspective.
Dietary factors and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies
Authors: Barbaresko Janett , Lang Alexander , Szczerba Edyta , Baechle Christina , Beckhaus Julia , Schwingshackl Lukas , Neuenschwander Manuela , Schlesinger Sabrina
Published: January 2023

   

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a major health concern associated with mortality. Diet may influence the progression of diabetes; however, systematic reviews are lacking.

Purpose: To systematically summarise the evidence on diet and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Data sources: PubMed and Web of Science were searched until June 2022. 

Study selection: Prospective observational studies investigating dietary factors in association with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. 

Data synthesis: We identified 107 studies. Moderate certainty of evidence was found for inverse associations of higher intakes of fish (SRR per serving/week: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.99; n=6 studies), whole grain (per 20 g/d: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.99; n=2), fibre (per 5 g/d: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.91; n=3) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (per 0.1 g/d: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.92; n=2) and mortality. There was low certainty of evidence for inverse associations of vegetable consumption ( per 100 g/d: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.94; n=2), plant protein (per 10 g/d: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.96; n=3), and for positive associations of egg consumption (per 10 g/d: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.08, n=7), and cholesterol intake (per 300 mg/d: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.26; n=2). For other dietary factors, evidence was uncertain or no association was observed.

Conclusion: 

Higher intake of fish, whole grain, fibre and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were associated with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. There is limited evidence for other dietary factors and thus, more research is needed.  
Exocrine proteins including Trypsin(ogen) as a key biomarker in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Bakinowska Lilianna , Vartak Tanwi , Phuthego Thato , Taylor Michelle , Chandler Kyla , Jerram Samual T , Williams Steven , Feldmann Marc , Johnson Desmond G , Patel Kashyap A , Williams Alistair JK , Long Anna E , Leslie R David , Gillespie Kathleen M , Consortium The Action LADA , Group The BOX Study
Published: January 2023

  

Objective

Proteomic profiling can identify useful biomarkers. Monozygotic(MZ) twins, discordant for a condition represent an ideal test population. We aimed to investigate and validate proteomic profiling in twins with type 1 diabetes and in other well characterised cohorts.

Research Design and Methods

A broad, multiplex analysis of 4068 proteins in sera from MZ twins concordant (n=43) and discordant for type 1 diabetes (n=27) identified major differences which were subsequently validated by a trypsin(ogen) assay in MZ pairs concordant (n=39) and discordant (n=42) for type 1 diabetes, individuals at-risk (n=195) and with type 1 diabetes (n=990), as well as with non-insulin requiring adult-onset diabetes diagnosed as either autoimmune (n=96) or type 2 (n=291).

Results

Proteomic analysis identified major differences between exocrine enzyme levels in discordant MZ twin pairs despite strong correlation between twins, whether concordant or discordant for type 1 diabetes (p<0.01 for both). In validation experiments, trypsin(ogen) levels were lower in twins with diabetes compared with non-diabetic co-twins (p<0.0001) and healthy controls (p<0.0001). In recently-diagnosed cases, trypsin(ogen) levels were lower than in controls across a broad age range. In at-risk relatives, levels <15 ng/ml were associated with increased risk of progression (uncorr. p=0.009). Multiple linear regression in recently-diagnosed cases showed that trypsin(ogen) levels were associated with insulin dose and diabetic ketoacidosis while age and BMI were confounders.

Conclusions

Type 1 diabetes is associated with altered exocrine function, even before onset. Twin data suggest roles for genetic and non-genetically determined factors. Exocrine/endocrine interactions are important under-investigated factors in type 1 diabetes.
Patient-reported outcome for 17,648 patients in 5 different Swedish orthopaedic quality registers before and 1 year after surgery: an observational study
Authors: Cöster Maria C , Bremander Ann , Nilsdotter Anna
Published: January 2023

Background and purpose: The EQ-5D is a patientreported outcome measure (PROM). To make priorities and allocate resources between patients and surgical procedures it is necessary to evaluate outcome differences, which is why comparing PROMs between registers is important. We compared EQ-5D data and the follow-up rate for selected diagnoses reported to Swedish orthopedic registers before and 1 year after surgery.Patients and methods: Patients from 5 orthopedic registers (Swespine, Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register, Swedankle, and Swefoot) who, in 2014–2018, underwent surgery in southern Sweden were included in the study. Data on the EQ-5D index, individual questions, and the EQ-VAS at baseline and at the 1-year follow-up was compared.Results: 17,648 patients had completed the EQ-5D pre- and 1-year postoperatively. The follow-up rate ranged from 32% to 88%. All registers showed a statistical and clinically relevant improvement in the EQ-5D index (mean improvement 0.29–0.39), where patients who underwent hip arthroplasties experienced the largest improvement. The EQ-5D index improvements in patients with foot and ankle surgeries were larger than for patients with knee arthroplasties and spinal surgeries. The dimensions “self-care” and “usual activities” had the largest change in patients reporting “some problems.”Conclusion: All 5 registers showed a clinically relevant improvement 1 year postoperatively regarding the EQ-5D index, supporting continuous resource allocation to these groups of patients and surgical procedures. However, using PROM data to present register differences was challenged by the high number of non-responders.
Physical capability and patient-reported well-being after spinal surgery: a 20-year cohort from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention study combined with the Finnish Care Register for Health Care
Authors: Juopperi Samuli , Sund Reijo , Rikkonen Toni , Nyyssönen Timo , Kröger Heikki , Turppo Ville , Sirola Joonas
Published: January 2023

Background and purpose: Studies investigating the effect of spinal surgery on both physical capability (PC) and subjective well-being (SW) are scarce. We aimed to investigate self-reported PC and SW up to 20 years after lumbar spine surgery.Patients and methods: 6,612 postmenopausal Finnish women (47–56 years at baseline [BL]), from the Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention (OSTPRE) study, were followed-up (FU) for 20 years. The Finnish Care Register for Healthcare (CRFH) provided data on surgery in the OSTPRE population on lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and lumbar disc herniation (LDH). PC and SW of women with lumbar surgery was compared with that of women without lumbar surgery. A chi-square analysis was conducted to analyze the statistical differences in the distribution of PC and SW. A propensity score-matched control analysis was also performed in addition to analysis of the total populationbased control group.Results: In women without lumbar surgery 94% reported good PC at BL, which decreased to 79% at the 20-year FU. For those with LSS/LDH surgery, 84%/(37/50) reported good PC at BL and 80%/(33/50) at 20-year FU, respectively. Good SW was reported by 48% of the control group at BL, 50% at 10-year FU, and 42% at 20-year FU. Women with LSS/LDH surgery before the 10-year FU reported good SW as follows: (6/50)/38% at BL, (12/48)/39% at 10-year FU, and (9/50)/37% at 20-year FU.Conclusion: Patients with LSS and LDH report lower PC and SW. Lumbar spinal surgery improves PC and SW in the short term, with early LDH surgery showing the greatest benefits whereas late surgery did not. Overall, PC and SW are lower both initially and during the 20-year FU when compared with the age-matched controls except for early LDH surgery.
Decreasing incidence of knee arthroscopy in Sweden between 2002 and 2016: a nationwide register-based study
Authors: Berglund Lukas , Liu Cecilia , Adami Johanna , Palme Mårten , Qureshi Abdul Rashid , Felländer-Tsai Li
Published: January 2023

Background and purpose: Several randomized trials have demonstrated the lack of effect of arthroscopic lavage as treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA). These results have in turn resulted in a change in Swedish guidelines and reimbursement. We aimed to investigate the use of knee arthroscopies in Sweden between 2002 and 2016. Patient demographics, regional differences, and the magnitude of patients with knee OA undergoing knee arthroscopy were also analyzed.Patients and methods: Trends in knee arthroscopy were investigated using the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register (SHDR) to conduct a nationwide register-based study including all adults (>18 years of age) undergoing any knee arthroscopy between 2002 and 2016.Results: The total number of knee arthroscopies performed during the studied period was 241,055. The annual surgery rate declined in all age groups, for males and females as well as patients with knee OA. The incidence dropped from 247 to 155 per 105 inhabitants. Over 50% of arthroscopies were performed in metropolitan regions.Conclusion: We showed a dramatic decline in knee arthroscopy. There is variability in the surgery rate between males and females and among the regions of Sweden.
Clinical applications of lasers in conventional periodontal care
Authors: Čabrilo Lazić Milana , Puletić Miljan , Radović Nikola , Vuković Branislava , Zarić Svetislav , Biočanin Vladimir
Published: January 2023

Periodontal (gum) diseases present one of the main threats to oral and general health; they are very prevalent across the globe and, if left untreated, lead to tooth loss, with a significant impact on the quality of life. In addition, the impact of gum infection and inflammation on diabetes and cardiovascular disease complications has been well documented. Having in mind the key role of bacteria and the host’s immune response in the development of periodontal diseases but also the subgingival niche anatomy that complicates the adequate management of the dental biofilm and post-treatment healing, the field of periodontics is open to new or additional therapeutic methods that would complement the conventional approaches to periodontal care. Lasers were one of the first instruments used for photon therapy in dentistry due to their ability to emit a collimated, coherent light beam with monochromatic and synchronous wavelengths. We reviewed here the possibilities of the application and therapeutic effects of lasers during the initial phase of periodontal therapy using Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, CO2, and diode lasers. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to summarize the use of lasers and their clinical effects as adjuncts to the conventional, nonsurgical treatment of patients with periodontitis and to facilitate a scientific debate on this under-researched and controversial field of dental care.
Praktiska moment på distans – Form och ämnesinnehåll i naturvetenskap och teknik inom grundlärarutbildningen under covid-19-pandemin
Authors: Frejd Johanna , Hallström Jonas
Published: January 2023

Lärarutbildningar har ett dubbelt uppdrag. Dels ska studenterna få kunskaper i att undervisa ett specifikt ämnesinnehåll, dels ska studenterna få exempel på hur ämnesinnehållet kan undervisas om i skolan. Detta uppdrag är särskilt viktigt och på samma gång problematiskt i teknik och naturvetenskapliga ämnen, där praktiska konstruktionsövningar, laborationer och exkursioner ingår som centrala kunskapspraktiker. Då covid-19 slog till tvingades svenska lärosäten att på kort tid ställa om från campusbaserad undervisning till distansundervisning, s.k. emergency remote teaching (ERT). I den här studien undersöks hur tre universitetslärare upplever att praktiska moment som laborationer, exkursioner och konstruktionsövningar inom naturvetenskaps- och teknikundervisning på grundlärarutbildningen fungerat som ERT. Av analysen framgår att både undervisningens form och ämnesinnehåll påverkades. Studenternas möjlighet att själva tillämpa praktiska naturvetenskapliga och tekniska arbetssätt minskade. Vidare minskade lärarnas möjlighet att veta om studenterna förstått undervisningen, vilket genererade nya sätt att kommunicera och stötta studenternas lärande. 
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Hands on activities in emergency remote teaching – form and subject content in science and technology education in the primary teacher program during covid-19 Teacher education has a dual mission; to teach specific subject content to student teachers but also to provide them with examples of how this subject content can be taught in a school context. This dual task is particularly important and difficult in relation to technology and science education, where construction activities, laboratory work and excursions are centralpractices. As covid-19 struck, Swedish universities had to adapt to emergency remote teaching, ERT. In this study, we explore three university teachers’ experiences of adapting laboratory work, excursions, and construction tasks to ERT. The analysis shows that both form and subject content were affected by this adaptation in that students’ opportunity to practice science and technological practices and procedures decreased, as well as teachers’ possibility to gain feedback from their students. In turn, new ways of communicating and supporting students were developed.
Problembaserat lärande i kombination med digitala verktyg för genomförande av sjuksköterskeutbildning under Covid-19 pandemin
Authors: Borg Christel , Tell Johanna , Lindberg Terese , Nilsson Lina , Olsson Anki , Skär Lisa
Published: January 2023

När covid-19 pandemin bredde ut sig våren 2019 förändrades förutsättningarna för att bedriva utbildning. För Sveriges lärosäten för högre utbildning innebar det att i stort sett all undervisning med kort framförhållning behövde planeras om för att genomföras på distans. Campusförlagd sjuksköterskeutbildning har fokus på både teoretiska och praktiska kurser och därmed blev omställningen till distans uppenbar. Sjuksköterskeprogrammet vid det studerade lärosätet genomförs med problembaserat lärande (PBL), där utgångspunkten är fysiska möten i mindre grupper. Undervisningen fick genom omställningen genomföras med digitala verktyg. Denna omställnings påverkan på sjuksköterskeutbildningen är viktigt att reflektera över då framtidens undervisning och lärande sannolikt kommer bli alltmer hybrid. Nyckelord: Problembaserat lärande, digitala verktyg, sjuksköterskeutbildning, Covid-19 pandemin
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Problem-based learning with digitals tools in the nursing programme during the Covid-19 pandemicDuring the spring 2019, the prerequisites for conducting education were changed due to the pandemic. For higher education in Sweden almost all education switches on to digital education. Nursing education has focus on both theoretical and practical courses, which is a challenge for digital or distance education. Furthermore, the nursing programme at the studied university used problem-based learning (PBL), with base-groups at campus. Instead of physical meetings at campus, the base-groups took part with digital tools. The impact of base-groupsmeeting with digital tools are important to reflect on, especially since the education and learning of future probably will be more hybrid.
Norms, appropriation, and social affordances in studying in emergency remote teaching: a meta-analysis of student experiences
Authors: Hernwall Patrik , Käck Annika , Stymne Johan
Published: January 2023

Norms, appropriation, and social affordances in studying in emergency remote teaching: a meta-analysis of student experiences
Tröskelbegrepp skymmer sikten
Authors: Salwén Håkan
Published: January 2023

Inom olika ämnesområden, på olika nivåer, finns begrepp som är viktiga för förståelsen av ämnesområdena samtidigt som att de är svåra för elever och studenter att begripa på ett adekvat sätt. De utgör därmed en svår utmaning också för lärare. Det är därför värdefullt att många kognitionsvetare, psykologer, men framför allt forskare inom utbildningsvetenskap ägnar centrala men svåra begrepp så stor uppmärksamhet. Vilka är begreppen? Vari består de vanliga missförstånden och hur kommer det sig att elever och studenter missförstår dem? Vad kan lärare göra för att på bästa sätt få elever och studenter att komma över problemen? Vad bör de göra?
Ledare vol. 12 nr. 2 2022
Authors: Edberg Hélène , Stockfors Jan
Published: January 2023

– Äntligen! säger nog de flesta lärare och studenter, är vi tillbaka på campus! Redan i sin ledare till förra numret av Högre utbildning konstaterade Ulrike Schnaas och Per-Anders Forstorp att undervisningen vid våra lärosäten vårterminen 2022 till största del ägde rum på campus igen. Det är härligt att återigen höra sorlet och se grupper av studenter inbegripna i uppsluppna samtal på universitetens öppna ytor eller se dem intensivt arbetande bakom grupprummens glasväggar. Men hur är det egentligen i den postpandemiska vardagen för lärare och forskare? Även om campusaktiviteten har ökat sedan Covid-19 härjade som mest så är fortfarande skillnadenslående mot situationen före pandemin. Vi hoppas att framtida texter i Högre utbildning kommer att avhandla frågor om hur vi ska förvalta de centrala värden i universitetstraditionen som vi håller högt, och samtidigt utveckla nya fruktbara idéer från sådant vi kunnat fokusera på under åren på de digitala plattformarna.
Limitations on the Types of Position of Migrant Workers Who Get Placement Fee Waiver Review from the Principle of Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers
Authors: Nugraheni Yonika Dani , Muttaqin Labib
Published: January 2023

Placement fees cannot be charged to Indonesian migrant workers. Therefore, BP2MI established BP2MI Regulation No. 09/2020 regarding the waiver of the placement fee for Indonesian migrant workers. One of the contents of the regulation only stipulates 10 types of positions for Indonesian migrant workers whose placement fees are waived. By using normative legal research that is descriptive in nature, the results obtained are that the BP2MI policy which only stipulates 10 types of positions for Indonesian migrant workers whose placement fees are freed is not in accordance with the concept of the welfare state adopted by the Indonesian state. Besides, when related to several principles of protection for Indonesian migrant workers, the criteria for the position of Indonesian migrant workers who should also receive exemption from placement fees include being vulnerable to discrimination, exploitation, violence, human trafficking practices, as well as threats of opinion and restrictions on access to movement.
DYNAMIC ENCODING OF THE TRANSFORMER VIDEO IMAGES WITH REFINEMENT OF THE BASE SYSTEM
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Barannik V. , Shulgin S. ,   Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, Barannik D. , Onyshchenko R.
Published: January 2023

This article creates a method of dynamic encodiofng the sequence of video segments based on the adaptive update of the system fundamentals the structural positional basis. In this case, the processing of part of the components is carried out in one pass. It is shown that it is necessary to take into account new patterns that are inherent in the sequence of transformed segments. It is argued that the elimination of structural redundancy creates the conditions for additional reduction in the bit volume. It is substantiated that the increase in the volume of digital representation compressed video image by an amount equal to the number of digits spent on the marker matrix is compensated by a decrease in the number of digits for the presentation of the code and a reduction in the number bases used to form it. The practical significance lies in the fact that the technology created in relation to the method, which is implemented in the formats of the JPEG and JPEG2000 families, allows you to further increase the compression ratio of realistic video images without making an error and reduce the time for their processing.
METHOD OF FORMING THE SCAN OF A TELEVISION SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPE
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnik National University, Minziuk V.
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the digital method of forming a scan of a television scanning optical microscope. Known methods use an analog-to-digital converter of a binary code into a voltage, which is fed to a precision voltage-to-current converter. The one actually determines the performance of the microscope. In the work, it is proposed to supply current to the coils of the deflection system from a direct current source through the R-2R resistive matrix. The binary code controls the keys of the weight categories of the resistive matrix and thus determines at each moment of time what part of the source current will pass through the coil of the deflection system, and what will bypass it. At the same time, the total current of the source remains unchanged.
DISCRETE-CONTINUOUS STOCHASTIC MODEL OF OPERATIONAL RELIABLE BEHAVIOR OF THE SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnik National University, Volochiy B. , Chernyshuk P. , Salnyk Yu. ,   Hetman Petro Sagaidachny National Academy of Land Forces, Onishchenko V.
Published: January 2023

For long-term operation of the security alarm system of a critical infrastructure facility, it is important to maintain alarm systems with seismic sensors installed in controlled areas of its perimeter. The task of forming a maintenance strategy requires reliable data on the required number of backup alarm systems for a given duration of operation and the permissible value of the duration of the process of replacing a faulty alarm system. The article shows a stochastic model of the operational reliable behavior of a fragment of the security alarm complex with the installation of five alarm systems with seismic sensors in the controlled area of the perimeter. The configuration of five alarm systems with seismic sensors installed on the controlled areas of the perimeter provides the use of the majority principle with the rule {3 out of 5} to decide on the type of intruder. At the same time, the majority principle provides an effective way to detect an inoperable alarm system with seismic sensors, which is important for the maintenance of the security alarm system. Such a model is necessary for choosing an appropriate option for the maintenance strategy of the security alarm system, which will provide a given value of its reliability for long-term operation.