bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Przyroda jako walor turystyczny Norwegii Zachodniej w opinii polskich turystów
Authors: Korsan Karolina
Published: February 2018

Polscy turyści coraz częściej na cel swoich podróży wybierają urokliwą Skandynawię, a w szczególności Norwegię. Do obszarów o wyjątkowych walorach należy Norwegia Zachodnia, zaliczana do najwspanialszych atrakcji turystycznych na świecie. Walory przyrodnicze należą do podstawowych czynników determinujących ruch turystyczny, a także formy uprawianej turystyki. Celem pracy było poznanie opinii turystów z Polski dotyczącej tego, jakie elementy przyrody uważają oni za najbardziej wartościowe, jakie formy turystyki wybierają oraz czy przyroda tego obszaru byłaby dla nich motywem kolejnych przyjazdów. Badania zostały przeprowadzone na przełomie marca i kwietnia 2011 r. na grupie 100 polskich turystów, którzy co najmniej raz byli w Norwegii Zachodniej. W badaniach wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. Badany obszar odgrywa coraz większą rolę w wyjazdach turystycznych z Polski, większość respondentów wyraża bowiem zamiar jego ponownego odwiedzenia. Stale rosnąca liczba turystów z całego świata wymagać jednak będzie zwiększenia nakładów na ochronę wyjątkowej przyrody tego miejsca.
Wielofunkcyjny rozwój obszarów wiejskich w kontekście aktywizacji przedsiębiorczości turystycznej
Authors: Kudla Nazar
Published: February 2018

Perspektywy zagospodarowania obszarów wiejskich są w znacznej mierze zależne od kształtowania polityki rolnej na podstawie wielofunkcyjnego i zrównoważonego rozwoju wsi. Tworzenie odpowiednich warunków dla aktywizacji przedsiębiorczości wiejskiej stanie się podstawą do dywersyfikacji osobistych gospodarstw rolnych, w tym w zakresie nadania usług turystycznych.
Konrad Fiedler i jego działalność na rzecz popularyzowania turystyki i krajoznawstwa w Łodzi w latach I wojny światowej
Authors: Stawiszyńska Aneta
Published: February 2018

Konrad Fiedler był jednym z najaktywniejszych działaczy Łódzkiego Oddziału Polskiego Towarzystwa Krajoznawczego, w którym odpowiadał m.in. za organizowanie wycieczek po podłódzkich miejscowościach. Kolejnym ważnym obszarem jego działalności na rzecz popularyzowania turystyki i krajoznawstwa były liczne odczyty, które wygłaszał dla mieszkańców Łodzi, w tym także dzieci. Fiedler angażował się również w liczne przedsięwzięcia społeczne, głównie na rzecz ubogich mieszkańców Łodzi. W 1921 r. Fiedler wraz z żoną przeniósł się do Bydgoszczy, gdzie mieszkał do tragicznej śmierci we wrześniu 1939 r.
Zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju turystyki – bariery i szanse dla branży turystycznej
Authors: Para Anna
Published: February 2018

Artykuł przedstawia zagadnienie zrównoważonego rozwoju oraz zrównoważonej turystyki z uwzględnieniem ich naczelnych celów i zasad. W artykule podjęto próbę wskazania głównych barier oraz szans, jakie stoją przed przedsiębiorstwami branży turystycznej, które w swej działalności biznesowej uwzględniają zasady zrównoważonej turystyki.
Geoturystyka w regionach turystycznych Polski Południowo-Wschodniej – przystosowanie obiektów geoturystycznych na potrzeby turystyki zrównoważonej
Authors: Ścibisz-Kosanowska Michalina , Kowalska Maja , Szrek Piotr
Published: February 2018

Zróżnicowanie budowy geologicznej, bogactwo form geomorfologicznych, minerałów, nagromadzeń skamieniałości, śladów procesów geologicznych czynią obszar Polski Południowo- -Wschodniej szczególnie atrakcyjnym dla rozwoju geoturystyki. Cechy geoturystyki, takie jak: walory poznawcze, edukacyjne, dbałość o ochronę środowiska, dążenie do dywersyfikacji gospodarki i aktywizacji lokalnych społeczności, odzwierciedlają założenia turystyki zrównoważonej. Wykreowanie ciekawych produktów geoturystycznych poprzez odpowiednie przystosowanie obiektów geologicznych do ruchu turystycznego może wpłynąć na podniesienie konkurencyjności i atrakcyjności, a tym samym poprawę sytuacji gospodarczej regionu.
Rozwój sportu motorem zmian życia społecznego
Authors: Mamcarczyk Mariola
Published: February 2018

Sport is an important value in every society. Its practice has a positive effect on physical fitness, health and quality of life. It is also an area which preferably may influence the workforce. More often it occurs as a
part of the economic considerations at different levels of the organization of public life both in the country and the world. It is noticed that the sport becomes a motivator of development of the various sectors of the economy, not to mention the fact that this is a great way to spend free time. The article presents the evolution of sport with creating social behavior and local and social development. The author emphasizes the changes in the urbanization, the impact on the development and growth of the socio-economic development. Literature and examples presented in paper draw attention to the growing interest in the subject.
Turystyka jako sposób komercjalizacji kultury
na przykładzie hoteli w obiektach zabytkowych
Authors: Konieczna-Domańska Anna
Published: February 2018

Artykuł poświęcony jest grupie hoteli w obiektach zabytkowych, takich jak zamki, pałace i dwory
w Polsce. W takich przypadkach obiekt łączy funkcję zabytku z funkcją turystycznego obiektu
noclegowego. Wykorzystanie obiektów zabytkowych jako turystycznej bazy noclegowej daje wiele
korzyści, tak dla obiektu, jak i dla turystyki. Artykuł przedstawia serię przykładów prowadzenia
turystycznej działalności noclegowej przez obiekty zabytkowe. Drugim celem rozważań jest
odpowiedź na pytanie, w jakim stopniu program usług i atrakcji dodatkowych hotelu wychodzi
poza usługi noclegowo-żywieniowe, aby uatrakcyjnić swoją ofertę.
UDZIAŁ TURYSTYKI ZAGRANICZNEJ W ROZWOJU GOSPODARCZYM WYBRANYCH KRAJÓW EUROPY WSCHODNIEJ
Authors: SEMMERLING ANNA
Published: February 2018

Współcześnie turystyka traktowana jest jako jeden z priorytetowych sektorów w obszarze rozwoju gospodarczego. Kraje, które dostrzegają potencjał tkwiący w swojej atrakcyjności turystycznej lub umiejętnie kształtujące produkt turystyczny, odnotowują wysoki poziom wpływów do PKB. Celem artykułu jest analiza udziału turystyki zagranicznej w rozwoju gospodarczym. Należy jednak zaznaczyć, że dobór próby miał charakter nietypowy. Nie uwzględniono tu bowiem głównych kierunków turystycznych. Analizie poddano państwa Europy Wschodniej, których wspólnym mianownikiem jest pozostawanie poza strukturami Unii Europejskiej. Do analizy wybrano: Republikę Białorusi, Ukrainę, Mołdawię oraz Gruzję (państwo położone na pograniczu Europy i Azji, jednak na tyle ciekawe i silnie związane z Europą, że warte głębszej analizy i wykorzystania do porównania). Wymienione państwa posiadają liczne walory przyrodnicze i kulturowe, które stanowią o ich dużej atrakcyjności turystycznej. Jednak uwarunkowania historyczne i polityczne wpływały bądź wpływają na udział turystki w rozwoju gospodarczym. Rządy wybranych państw w sposób bardzo różny postrzegają rolę turystyki zagranicznej w rozwoju gospodarczym. Niektóre z nich, jak Białoruś czy Ukraina, mają możliwość budowania gospodarki w oparciu o inne potencjały: energetyczny i przemysł. Jednak w przypadku Gruzji i Mołdawii widoczne jest to, jak ważną funkcję w najbliższej przyszłości powinna odgrywać turystyka.
KULINARNE PREFERENCJE POLSKICH KONSUMENTÓW
W ZAKRESIE KUCHNI ETNICZNYCH
Authors: PIELAK MARLENA , CZARNIECKA-SKUBINA EWA
Published: February 2018

Celem pracy było poznanie preferencji konsumentów i przyczyn wyboru dań różnych kuchni
narodowych. W badaniu ankietowym wzięło udział 150 osób. Najbardziej popularną wśród
respondentów była kuchnia włoska ze względu na smaczne dania, dostępność produktów i przystępne
ceny posiłków. Nad inne przedkładano też kuchnie turecką i chińską. Są one popularne
ze względu na niskie ceny dań, liczne placówki gastronomiczne, oryginalność i prozdrowotny
sposób przygotowania posiłków. Według ankietowanych dostępność dań danej kuchni, ich cena
i smak są bardziej istotne niż prozdrowotne żywienie
Optimising the Production Process of Rieter Air Jet Spun Yarns and a Model for Prediction of their Strength
Authors: Frydrych Iwona , Demir Ali
Published: February 2018

In this study, the effect of yarn linear density, delivery speed and nozzle pressure on Rieter air jet spun yarn strength was investigated. A multiple regression model was used to study the combined effect of these parameters and response surfaces were obtained. Results showed that by increasing the nozzle pressure, the yarn tensile strength improves till a specific limit, then it deteriorates afterwards. Based on the different combinations of processing variables, optimal running conditions were obtained. Along with the experiment, a mathematical model that predicts air jet spun yarn strength at a short gauge length has been presented. Fibre parameters in addition to yarn structural parameters were used to obtain the theoretical yarn strength. The results showed a satisfactory agreement between the experimental and theoretical results.
Educación filosófica para la igualdad de género y la sostenibilidad medioambiental: el pensamiento de Ann Sharp
Authors: Tapia González Georgina Aimé
Published: February 2018

Los reiterados cuestionamientos sobre la pertinencia de mantener cursos de Filosofía en la educación secundaria y media superior, se ciernen como una amenaza sobre las sociedades democráticas. Reducir o eliminar las materias filosóficas del currículum implica dejar de lado la potencialidad crítica del pensamiento en un contexto de crisis generalizada: ecológica, económica, social y, sobre todo, de sentido. El presente artículo representa un acercamiento a la propuesta educativa de la filósofa que, junto a Matthew Lipman, contribuyó a conformar uno de los proyectos pedagógicos que ha tenido mayor impacto en el ámbito educativo, me refiero a Ann Sharp. Mi objetivo es mostrar la relevancia del legado de esta pensadora, que vislumbró la posibilidad de una educación filosófica para la igualdad de género y la sostenibilidad medioambiental, tan necesaria hoy.
Adorno apropiándose de Freud: la crítica del concepto de «inconsciente» en la tesis de 1927
Authors: Cabot Ramis Mateu
Published: February 2018

En este texto investigamos la tesis de habilitación de Adorno de 1927 sobre el concepto de inconsciente en Freud. El objetivo de la tesis era reformular el psicoanálisis en los términos de la Sistemática Trascendental de Hans Cornelius. El estudio mostró la incompatibilidad entre ambas pero sirvió a Adorno para profundizar en la metapsicología freudiana. Este estudio será relevante para comprender la determinación social en la conciencia individual, que Freud fundará en el carácter socializado de la naturaleza humana. La apropiación adorniana de la teoría freudiana mantendrá esta tesis frente al revisionismo neofreudiano y será nuclear en la formulación de posteriores textos fundamentales.
VON UEXKÜLL Jacob Johann: Andanzas por los Mundos Circundantes de los animales y los hombres
Authors: Campero María Belén
Published: February 2018

La obra se desarrolla en un momento de recomposición epistemológica forzado tras una crisis del evolucionismo. Uexküll, ya desde sus Cartas biológicas a una dama , destaca que la biología, como consecuencia del desplazamiento que va de la especie al animal, recupera al “individuo” que había sido perdido durante el darwinismo.
Este es un pequeño texto de reciente traducción al español en el que puede darse cuenta de lo interesante y original de las ideas de Uexküll, al que se lo declara como el pionero de la etología. Las páginas de este libro conforman un compendio de sus principales ideas. El texto contagia desde su prólogo el entusiasmo por su lectura, y por su alcance mucho más allá de la fisiología, que era su especialidad, puede notarse aquí que sus conceptos entran en el dominio de la filosofía de la naturaleza. El libro está conformado por el prólogo original, la introducción y 14 capítulos. A esta estructura se suman el prólogo de la presente edición y las ilustraciones de Georg Krizat. El texto posee innumerables ejemplos de comportamiento animal que acompañan el desarrollo argumentativo de manera perfecta.
Les stratégies de coopétition comme source de tensions : le cas EADS-Thales dans l’industrie des satellites de télécommunications
Authors: Fernandez Anne-Sophie , Le Roy Frédéric
Published: February 2018

Les stratégies de coopétition combinent deux forces contradictoires : la compétition et la coopération. Ces stratégies créent des tensions fortes entre les coopétiteurs. Les tensions coopétitives sont étudiées, dans les recherches antérieures, au niveau inter-organisationnel mais pas au niveau intra-organisationnel. Afin de combler ce vide, une étude de cas approfondie est réalisée dans l’industrie des satellites de télécommunications. Un projet de satellite mené en coopétition entre EADS et Thales est analysé. Les résultats confirment l’existence de tensions au niveau inter-organisationnel et révèlent des tensions au niveau intra-organisationnel. Une typologie des différentes tensions coopétitives en fonction des niveaux d’analyse est proposée.
Global organization of innovation processes
Authors: Ben Mahmoud-Jouini Sihem , Burger-Helmchen Thierry , Charue-Duboc Florence , Doz Yves
Published: February 2018

In this article, we first present a brief overview of the historical evolution of global innovation in multinational firms. We then outline four components and challenges facing firms that are evolving towards global innovation. Next, we focus on the beginning and end phases of the innovation process: their inception and their diffusion. We show that the stakes related to inception tend to sustain internationalization but induce ever more complex innovation diffusion. In the conclusion, we present open issues and questions that merit further attention and research by the academic community working at the intersection of innovation management and international management.
La localisation des postes d’encadrement dans les entreprises françaises en Chine
Authors: Song Lingfang
Published: February 2018

La localisation des postes d’encadrement en Chine, que l’on confie désormais à des cadres chinois et non plus à des expatriés, est une tendance de plus en plus prononcée dans les entreprises multinationales. La présente recherche suggère qu’une localisation complète y est peu probable. Deux approches de la localisation sont pratiquées : une approche locale et une approche semi-locale selon le choix prioritaire de trois catégories de cadres chinois: des chinois locaux, des chinois d’outre-mer et des chinois retournés des pays étrangers. Sur la base de l’analyse des pratiques actuelles et des défis rencontrés, des perspectives d’évolution sont proposées.
La logique du praticable
Authors: Pouliot Vincent
Published: February 2018

Cet article explore les ramifications théoriques de la logique du praticable en Relations internationales. Tant dans la vie sociale que politique, on ne saurait réduire les pratiques à de simples produits de la rationalité instrumentale, de la conformité avec les normes ou de l’agir communicationnel. Ces trois logiques de l’action sociale révèlent un même penchant pour la connaissance réflexive, se concentrant sur ceà quoi(plutôt que ceà partir de quoi) pensent les agents. Pourtant, les pratiques sont souvent issues d’un savoir-faire tacite qui les fait paraître comme coulant de source, comme relevant du bon sens. Puisant à la philosophie, à la psychologie et surtout à la sociologie bourdieusienne, l’article élabore une théorie de la pratique des communautés de sécurité qui conçoit la paix internationale comme le résultat du sens pratique des acteurs de la sécurité, grâce auquel la diplomatie devient le moyen qui va de soi pour régler les conflits interétatiques.
Agir avec les jeunes femmes de la rue pour une praxis de l’intersectionnalité — Réflexion autour du projet PARVIS1 2
Authors: Flynn Catherine , Lapierre Simon , Couturier Pénelope , Brousseau Marc Olivier
Published: February 2018

Cette recherche-action participative s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet d’actions et de recherches contre les violences structurelles (PARVIS), mené avec sept jeunes femmes de la rue de la ville de Québec. L’intérêt du groupe concernant les situations de fugues dans les centres jeunesse l’a conduit à expérimenter une action sociale visant à sensibiliser les décideures et décideurs aux conséquences du contrôle dans ces institutions et du manque de soutien dans la transition vers l’âge adulte. Cet article s’attarde surtout à la façon dont PARVIS a mobilisé l’intersectionnalité des points de vue méthodologique et politique, en tentant d’imbriquer les savoirs universitaires et les savoirs expérientiels des participantes.
Surgical Repair With Free Fascia Lata Graft in Patients at Risk of Surgical Site Infection: A Case Series
Authors: Sugo Hiroyuki , Kawai Masaya , Miyano Shozo , Watanobe Ikuo , Machida Michio , Kitabatake Toshiaki , Lee Yoshifumi , Kojima Kuniaki
Published: February 2018

Background:

When anatomic structures are excised so widely that the resulting defect cannot be closed directly during an operation, reconstruction of the defect is necessary. Prosthetic mesh is often used to reconstruct large defects because it is readily available and technically easy to use. However, the use of prosthetic material is contraindicated in cases of concomitant contamination due to the risk of mesh infection. We describe our experience of surgical repair using an autologous free fascia lata graft in 5 patients at risk of such infection.

Methods:

The procedure was performed for incisional hernia repair in 4 patients and reconstruction of the diaphragm after cytoreduction of recurrent ovarian cancer in 1. All patients underwent other concomitant procedures associated with contamination, such as colorectal resection, and these patients were included in a retrospective chart review.

Results:

Wound-related morbidity was observed in 1 patient whose drain culture was positive. This infection was resolved conservatively. No postoperative wound events required removal of the fascia graft, and there was no hernia occurrence during follow-up.

Conclusion:

Based on our clinical experience, we conclude that surgical repair using a free fascia lata graft is safe and effective, especially in patients with a risk of bacterial contamination.
Avaliação quantitativa da produção ambulatorial em saúde auditiva no município de Salvador-Bahia no período de 2004 a 2016
Authors: Machado Gabriela Carvalho , Andrade Caio Leônidas Oliveira de , Mendes Carlos Maurício Cardeal
Published: February 2018

Introdução: A saúde auditiva no Brasil ganhou impulso com a implantação da Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde Auditiva (PNASA), em 2004, gerando melhorias para a assistência ao deficiente auditivo. Essa política ficou vigente até o ano de 2011, quando foi instituído o Plano Nacional dos Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência – Plano Viver sem Limite (PVSL), mudando o cenário brasileiro no cuidado à pessoa com deficiência, no qual a assistência ao deficiente auditivo havia sido incluída. Objetivos: Avaliar a produção ambulatorial em saúde auditiva e os recursos financeiros investidos nessa produção nos anos de 2004 a 2016, no município de Salvador-Bahia e verificar o impacto da revogação da PNASA e implantação do PVSL no tempo sobre a produção ambulatorial em saúde auditiva e recursos financeiros investidos nessa produção no município de Salvador. Métodos: Estudo ecológico realizado através de dados secundários de domínio público provenientes do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do SUS (SIA/SUS). Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados por meio do tamanho do efeito, média, desvio padrão, valor mínimo e máximo, frequência relativa e frequência absoluta. Resultados: Verificou-se crescimento da produção ambulatorial e dos recursos financeiros investidos no ano de 2004 a 2016. Observou-se, também, que a revogação da PNASA e instituição do PVSL ocasionou grande efeito na produção ambulatorial e nos recursos financeiros. Conclusão: Foi possível constatar que as mudanças no cenário da saúde auditiva no Brasil geraram evolução dos serviços, podendo ser constatado pela crescente produção ambulatorial e aumento dos investimentos financeiros ao longo dos anos.
The Need and Curricula for Health Professions Education Graduate Programs
Authors: Cervero Ronald M. , Daley Barbara J.
Published: February 2018

This chapter provides an overview of the emerging social and organizational contexts for health professions education and the rationale for foundational adult and continuing education concepts to be included in the curricula of HPE graduate programs.
Rethinking Health Professions Education Through the Lens of Interprofessional Practice and Education
Authors: Brandt Barbara F.
Published: February 2018

Using adult learning principles, health professions educators are well positioned to create interprofessional learning systems for collaborative, team‐based practice in the transforming health‐care system.
Mechanical Properties and Damage Constitutive Model of High Water Material at Different Loading Rates
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Liu Changwu
Published: February 2018

High water material is a new kind of chemical cementing material, that is, an important filling material in underground coal mines. To study the influence of loading rates on the mechanical properties of high water material, uniaxial compression tests at different loading rates are carried out in this work on specimens with different water to cement ratios. The results show that the peak strength, elastic modulus, and mass loss rate of the high water material have an obvious loading rate effect. The peak strength and elastic modulus increase with the loading speed, whereas the mass loss rate decreases with the increase of loading rate. For different loading rates, the failure modes of the high water material are different, and the fractal dimensions of the broken block distribution can describe the degree of crushing for high water material subjected to different loading rates. Based on the Weibull distribution function, the parameters and that describe the micro‐unit strength of high water material are introduced. Finally, using the uniaxial stress–strain data, a damage constitutive model for high water material with different water to cement ratios subjected to different loading rates is established and the physical meanings of and are clarified.
Thin and Flexible Polymer Photonic Sensor Foils for Monitoring Composite Structures
Authors: Missinne Jeroen , Teigell Benéitez Nuria , Lamberti Alfredo , Chiesura Gabriele , Luyckx Geert , Mattelin Marie‐Aline , Van Paepegem Wim , Van Steenberge Geert
Published: February 2018

Thin and flexible photonic sensor foils are proposed, fabricated, and tested as a promising alternative for monitoring composite structures. Sensor foils are implemented using two different optical polymers and as such optimized for multi‐axial sensing and embedding within composite materials, respectively. It is first shown that those sensor foils allow multi‐axial strain sensing by multiplexing a multitude of Bragg grating sensors in a rosette configuration. Secondly, those sensors can be realized in very thin foils (down to 50 µm) making them suitable for embedding in composite materials during their production. This is proven by visually inspecting and by testing the functionality of the embedded sensors. Finally, owing to their low Young's modulus and flexibility, polymer sensor foils can be bent to small curvature radii and withstand large elongations. Herein, the sensors are bent down to a radius of 11 mm, and elongated by 1.4% without losing functionality.
Versatile Surface Functionalization of Metal–Organic Frameworks through Direct Metal Coordination with a Phenolic Lipid Enables Diverse Applications
Authors: Zhu Wei , Xiang Guolei , Shang Jin , Guo Jimin , Motevalli Benyamin , Durfee Paul , Agola Jacob Ongudi , Coker Eric N. , Brinker C. Jeffrey
Published: February 2018

A novel strategy for the versatile functionalization of the external surface of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) has been developed based on the direct coordination of a phenolic‐inspired lipid molecule DPGG (1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐galloyl) with metal nodes/sites surrounding MOF surface. X‐ray diffraction and Argon sorption analysis prove that the modified MOF particles retain their structural integrity and porosity after surface modification. Density functional theory calculations reveal that strong chelation strength between the metal sites and the galloyl head group of DPGG is the basic prerequisite for successful coating. Due to the pH‐responsive nature of metal‐phenol complexation, the modification process is reversible by simple washing in weak acidic water, showing an excellent regeneration ability for water‐stable MOFs. Moreover, the colloidal stability of the modified MOFs in the nonpolar solvent allows them to be further organized into 2 dimensional MOF or MOF/polymer monolayers by evaporation‐induced interfacial assembly conducted on an air/water interface. Finally, the easy fusion of a second functional layer onto DPGG‐modified MOF cores, enabled a series of MOF‐based functional nanoarchitectures, such as MOFs encapsulated within hybrid supported lipid bilayers (so‐called protocells), polyhedral core‐shell structures, hybrid lipid‐modified‐plasmonic vesicles and multicomponent supraparticles with target functionalities, to be generated. for a wide range of applications.
Revealing Controllable Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in Spin–Orbit Coupled Antiferromagnet Sr2IrO4
Authors: Lu Chengliang , Gao Bin , Wang Haowen , Wang Wei , Yuan Songliu , Dong Shuai , Liu Jun‐Ming
Published: February 2018

Antiferromagnetic spintronics actively introduces new principles of magnetic memory, in which the most fundamental spin‐dependent phenomena, i.e., anisotropic magnetoresistance effects, are governed by an antiferromagnet instead of a ferromagnet. A general scenario of the antiferromagnetic anisotropic magnetoresistance effects mainly stems from the magnetocrystalline anisotropy related to spin–orbit coupling. Here magnetic field driven contour rotation of the fourfold anisotropic magnetoresistance in bare antiferromagnetic Sr2IrO4/SrTiO3 (001) thin films hosting a strong spin–orbit coupling induced Jeff = 1/2 Mott state is demonstrated. Concurrently, an intriguing minimal in the magnetoresistance emerges. Through first principles calculations, the bandgap engineering due to rotation of the Ir isospins is revealed to be responsible for these emergent phenomena, different from the traditional scenario where relatively more conductive state is obtained usually when magnetic field is applied along the magnetic easy axis. These findings demonstrate a new efficient route, i.e., via the novel Jeff = 1/2 state, to realize controllable anisotropic magnetoresistance in antiferromagnetic materials.
Promises, Challenges, and Recent Progress of Inorganic Solid‐State Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Gao Zhonghui , Sun Huabin , Fu Lin , Ye Fangliang , Zhang Yi , Luo Wei , Huang Yunhui
Published: February 2018

All‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have the potential to revolutionize battery systems for electric vehicles due to their benefits in safety, energy density, packaging, and operable temperature range. As the key component in ASSLBs, inorganic lithium‐ion‐based solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) have attracted great interest, and advances in SSEs are vital to deliver the promise of ASSLBs. Herein, a survey of emerging SSEs is presented, and ion‐transport mechanisms are briefly discussed. Techniques for increasing the ionic conductivity of SSEs, including substitution and mechanical strain treatment, are highlighted. Recent advances in various classes of SSEs enabled by different preparation methods are described. Then, the issues of chemical stabilities, electrochemical compatibility, and the interfaces between electrodes and SSEs are focused on. A variety of research addressing these issues is outlined accordingly. Given their importance for next‐generation battery systems and transportation style, a perspective on the current challenges and opportunities is provided, and suggestions for future research directions for SSEs and ASSLBs are suggested.
Biocompatible Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Cancer Imaging Agents
Authors: McHugh Kevin J. , Jing Lihong , Behrens Adam M. , Jayawardena Surangi , Tang Wen , Gao Mingyuan , Langer Robert , Jaklenec Ana
Published: February 2018

Approximately 1.7 million new cases of cancer will be diagnosed this year in the United States leading to 600 000 deaths. Patient survival rates are highly correlated with the stage of cancer diagnosis, with localized and regional remission rates that are much higher than for metastatic cancer. The current standard of care for many solid tumors includes imaging and biopsy with histological assessment. In many cases, after tomographical imaging modalities have identified abnormal morphology consistent with cancer, surgery is performed to remove the primary tumor and evaluate the surrounding lymph nodes. Accurate identification of tumor margins and staging are critical for selecting optimal treatments to minimize recurrence. Visible, fluorescent, and radiolabeled small molecules have been used as contrast agents to improve detection during real‐time intraoperative imaging. Unfortunately, current dyes lack the tissue specificity, stability, and signal penetration needed for optimal performance. Quantum dots (QDs) represent an exciting class of fluorescent probes for optical imaging with tunable optical properties, high stability, and the ability to target tumors or lymph nodes based on surface functionalization. Here, state‐of‐the‐art biocompatible QDs are compared with current Food and Drug Administration approved fluorophores used in cancer imaging and a perspective on the pathway to clinical translation is provided.
Controlled Synthesis of Eutectic NiSe/Ni3Se2 Self‐Supported on Ni Foam: An Excellent Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Pei Yu , Ge Yuancai , Chu Hang , Craig Steven , Dong Pei , Cao Jun , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng
Published: February 2018

Here, the controlled synthesis of eutectic NiSe/Ni3Se2 directly supported on Ni foam (NiSe/Ni3Se2/NF) is reported through a facile one‐pot hydrothermal method for the first time. The effects of reaction parameters on morphologies and corresponding electrochemical performances of NiSe/Ni3Se2/NF are investigated in detail. As a newfangled three‐dimensional bifunctional electrocatalyst, the electrocatalyst synthesized at 180 °C with 12 hours reaction time (denoted as NiSe/Ni3Se2/NF‐12) demonstrates the most regular morphology and best electrochemical properties. Benefiting from the synergistic effects between NiSe and Ni3Se2, and the large surface area of the highly conductive Ni foam, the novel 3D hybrid electrode provides predominant electrocatalytic performances towards both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. In addition, when used for full water splitting, NiSe/Ni3Se2/NF‐12 can drive a 10 mA cm‐2 current density at ≈1.6V in 1 m KOH, which is competitive to the best electrocatalysts to our knowledge, with robust durability. Theoretical calculations confirm that the significant activity of the obtained material due to the unique 3D nanosheet architecture and interface reconstruction between NiSe and Ni3Se2 through NiSe bonding, which results in the re‐distribution of charge and thus reduces the energy barrier of hydrogen desorption during the water decomposition.
Defect‐Induced Gas Adsorption on Graphene Transistors
Authors: Liu Yumeng , Liu Huiliang , Chu Yao , Cui Yong , Hayasaka Takeshi , Dasaka Vaishno , Nguyen Luu , Lin Liwei
Published: February 2018

Understanding the influences of defect states on gas adsorption on graphene is at the heart of developing graphene based gas sensors for practical applications. However, it has been challenging to experimentally discriminate the gas adsorptions induced by the defects on graphene, especially the charged impurities commonly found on the transferred graphene samples. Here, using a graphene transistor biased with the quasistatic gate voltage, this study experimentally measures the charge density and the scattering strength of the gas adsorbents on graphene and directly resolves the defect‐induced versus intrinsic gas adsorption processes on graphene for the first time. Furthermore, the elimination and the tuning of the defect‐induced gas adsorptions on graphene are also demonstrated via the chemical compensation process and the gate voltage technique, respectively. These findings provide critical experimental proofs and a versatile platform for understanding and manipulating the defect‐gas interactions on graphene, and could advance the developments of defect‐free and label‐free gas sensing applications using graphene transistors.
Control of Gold Nanoparticle–Protein Aggregates in Albumen Matrix for Configurable Switching Devices
Authors: Kim Sung‐Jo , Hwang Bohee , Lee Jang‐Sik
Published: February 2018

Protein–nanoparticle (P–NP) interactions are of great importance in the biomedical applications, and are extensively studied for biotechnology and biomedicine applications, for example, cancer therapy, drug delivery, as well as biosafety area. Here, it is shown that P–NP interactions can have applications as resistive memory. It is demonstrated that the nature of resistive switching changes from programmable memory to read‐only memory when the NPs aggregate in the protein. The memory properties can be tuned by just changing the degree of agglomeration in P–NP solutions, so it has great potential to be used in configurable memory devices. This type of memory is also biocompatible, because it uses natural protein.
2.7 µm Mid‐Infrared Emission in Highly Erbium‐Doped Lanthanum Gallate Glasses Prepared Via an Aerodynamic Levitation Technique
Authors: Yoshimoto Kohei , Ezura Yoshinobu , Ueda Motoi , Masuno Atsunobu , Inoue Hiroyuki
Published: February 2018

Highly Er3+‐doped La2O3–Ga2O3 glasses up to ≈5.85 × 1021 cm−3 in Er3+ concentration are synthesized by an aerodynamic levitation technique. The glasses are characterized by high glass‐transition temperatures, low OH− absorptions, and long infrared cut‐off wavelengths. Judd–Ofelt analysis reveals a large radiative transition rate and a high branching ratio of the 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 transition, e.g., 46 s−1 and 21%, respectively, at 10 mol% Er2O3. The intensity of 2.7 µm emission drastically increases with increasing Er2O3 content and reaches a maximum at 10 mol% Er2O3. By contrast, the intensity of the 1.5 µm emission decreases with increasing Er2O3 content when the Er2O3 content is greater than 1 mol%. The emission cross‐section and the gain bandwidth at 2.7 µm are as large as 9.05 × 10−21 cm2 and 9.19 × 10−26 cm3 at 10 mol% Er2O3, respectively. The upconversion spectra also indicate that the investigated glasses exhibit small multiphonon relaxation rates and large quenching concentrations.
Recent Progress on the Long‐Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Fu Qingxia , Tang Xianglan , Huang Bin , Hu Ting , Tan Licheng , Chen Lie , Chen Yiwang
Published: February 2018

As rapid progress has been achieved in emerging thin film solar cell technology, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have aroused many concerns with several desired properties for photovoltaic applications, including large absorption coefficients, excellent carrier mobility, long charge carrier diffusion lengths, low‐cost, and unbelievable progress. Power conversion efficiencies increased from 3.8% in 2009 up to the current world record of 22.1%. However, poor long‐term stability of PVSCs limits the future commercial application. Here, the degradation mechanisms for unstable perovskite materials and their corresponding solar cells are discussed. The strategies for enhancing the stability of perovskite materials and PVSCs are also summarized. This review is expected to provide helpful insights for further enhancing the stability of perovskite materials and PVSCs in this exciting field.
Antibacterial Hydrogels
Authors: Li Shuqiang , Dong Shujun , Xu Weiguo , Tu Shicheng , Yan Lesan , Zhao Changwen , Ding Jianxun , Chen Xuesi
Published: February 2018

Antibacterial materials are recognized as important biomaterials due to their effective inhibition of bacterial infections. Hydrogels are 3D polymer networks crosslinked by either physical interactions or covalent bonds. Currently, hydrogels with an antibacterial function are a main focus in biomedical research. Many advanced antibacterial hydrogels are developed, each possessing unique qualities, namely high water swellability, high oxygen permeability, improved biocompatibility, ease of loading and releasing drugs, and structural diversity. Here, an overview of the structures, performances, mechanisms of action, loading and release behaviors, and applications of various antibacterial hydrogel formulations is provided. Furthermore, the prospects in biomedical research and clinical applications are predicted.
Oxygen‐Evolving Mesoporous Organosilica Coated Prussian Blue Nanoplatform for Highly Efficient Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Yang Zhen Lu , Tian Wei , Wang Qing , Zhao Ying , Zhang Yun Lei , Tian Ying , Tang Yu Xia , Wang Shou Ju , Liu Ying , Ni Qian Qian , Lu Guang Ming , Teng Zhao Gang , Zhang Long Jiang
Published: February 2018

Oxygen (O2) plays a critical role during photodynamic therapy (PDT), however, hypoxia is quite common in most solid tumors, which limits the PDT efficacy and promotes the tumor aggression. Here, a safe and multifunctional oxygen‐evolving nanoplatform is costructured to overcome this problem. It is composed of a prussian blue (PB) core and chlorin e6 (Ce6) anchored periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) shell (denoted as PB@PMO‐Ce6). In the highly integrated nanoplatform, the PB with catalase‐like activity can catalyze hydrogen peroxide to generate O2, and the Ce6 transform the O2 to generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon laser irradiation for PDT. This PB@PMO‐Ce6 nanoplatform presents well‐defined core–shell structure, uniform diameter (105 ± 12 nm), and high biocompatibility. This study confirms that the PB@PMO‐Ce6 nanoplatform can generate more ROS to enhance PDT than free Ce6 in cellular level (p < 0.001). In vivo, the singlet oxygen sensor green staining, tumor volume of tumor‐bearing mice, and histopathological analysis demonstrate that this oxygen‐evolving nanoplatform can elevate singlet oxygen to effectively inhibit tumor growth without obvious damage to major organs. The preliminary results from this study indicate the potential of biocompatible PB@PMO‐Ce6 nanoplatform to elevate O2 and ROS for improving PDT efficacy.
Bulk‐Like Electrical Properties Induced by Contact‐Limited Charge Transport in Organic Diodes: Revised Space Charge Limited Current
Authors: Xu Guangwei , Gao Nan , Lu Congyan , Wang Wei , Ji Zhuoyu , Bi Chong , Han Zhiheng , Lu Nianduan , Yang Guanhua , Li Yuan , Liu Qi , Li Ling , Liu Ming
Published: February 2018

Charge transport governs the operation and performance of organic diodes. Illuminating the charge‐transfer/transport processes across the interfaces and the bulk organic semiconductors is at the focus of intensive investigations. Traditionally, the charge transport properties of organic diodes are usually characterized by probing the current–voltage (I–V) curves of the devices. However, to unveil the landscape of the underlying potential/charge distribution, which essentially determines the I–V characteristics, still represents a major challenge. Here, the electrical potential distribution in planar organic diodes is investigated by using the scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy technique, a method that can clearly separate the contact and bulk regimes of charge transport. Interestingly, by applying to devices based on novel, high mobility organic materials, the space‐charge‐limited‐current‐like I–V curves, which are previously believed to be a result of the bulk transport, are surprisingly but unambiguously demonstrated to be caused by contact‐limited conduction. A model accounting is developed for the transport properties of both the two metal/organic interfaces and the bulk. The results indicate that pure interface‐dominated transport can indeed give rise to I–V curves similar to those caused by bulk transport. These findings provide a new insight into the charge injection and transport processes in organic diodes.
Solution‐Processed Flexible Threshold Switch Devices
Authors: Park Youngjun , Han Un‐Bin , Kim Min‐Kyu , Lee Jang‐Sik
Published: February 2018

Flexible threshold switch devices are essential for low‐power and high‐speed semiconductor devices. Especially, bidirectional threshold switch has been regarded as the ideal switching device for ultrahigh‐density crosspoint memory devices. Here, a flexible Pt/Ag‐doped ZnO/Pt switch on the flexible plastic substrate synthesized by electrochemical bottom‐up deposition is introduced. The flexible switch has bidirectional threshold switching behavior with ultralow off‐current, high selectivity (≈107), and super‐steep threshold slope. The bidirectional threshold switching behavior is related to migration of silver ions to form Ag filament. This device shows stable electrical properties, endures constant voltage stress, and retains good reliability under mechanical stress. It is believed that this study would open up new possibilities for high‐density flexible memory devices by introducing flexible novel bidirectional, high‐performance switching devices for emerging flexible electronics.
Die [2+2]‐Cycloadditions‐Retroelektrocyclisierungs(CA‐RE)‐Klick‐Reaktion: ein einfacher Zugang zu molekularen und polymeren Push‐pull‐Chromophoren
Authors: Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Diederich François
Published: February 2018

Die [2+2]‐Cycloadditions‐Retroelektrocyclisierungs(CA‐RE)‐Reaktion von elektronenreichen Alkinen mit elektronenarmen Alkenen ist ein effizientes Verfahren zur Bildung nichtplanarer Donor‐Akzeptor‐Chromophore sowohl in molekularen als auch in polymeren Plattformen. Diese Chromophore zeigen ansprechende Eigenschaften, wie intramolekulare Charge‐Transfer(ICT)‐Banden, nichtlineare optische Eigenschaften und Redox‐Eigenschaften zur Verwendung in elektronischen und optoelektronischen Funktionseinheiten der nächsten Generation. Dieser Aufsatz fasst die Entwicklung der CA‐RE‐Reaktion zusammen, beginnend mit den anfänglichen Berichten über Organometallverbindungen bis hin zu rein organischen Systemen. Die strukturellen Voraussetzungen für schnelle Umsetzungen in hohen Ausbeuten, Merkmale echter Klick‐Chemie, werden anhand von Beispielen dargelegt, die die breiten möglichen Alkin‐ und Alkensubstitutionsmuster belegen. Die CA‐RE‐Klick‐Reaktion wurde erfolgreich in der Polymerchemie eingesetzt. Die gebildeten polymeren Push‐pull‐Chromophore finden dabei zahlreiche interessante Anwendungen.
Discovery of a Fungal Multicopper Oxidase That Catalyzes the Regioselective Coupling of a Tricyclic Naphthopyranone To Produce Atropisomers
Authors: Kawaguchi Mio , Ohshiro Taichi , Toyoda Masayuki , Ohte Satoshi , Inokoshi Junji , Fujii Isao , Tomoda Hiroshi
Published: February 2018

Atropisomeric dinapinones A1 and A2 (DPA1 and DPA2) were isolated from a culture of Talaromyces pinophilus FKI‐3864. Monapinone coupling enzyme (MCE), which dimerizes naphthopyranone monapinone A (MPA), was purified from a cell‐free extract of T. pinophilus FKI‐3864. MCE regioselectively dimerizes MPA at the 8,8′‐positions to synthesize the atropisomers DPA1 and DPA2 in a ratio of approximately 1:2.5 without a cofactor. The optimal pH value and temperature for MCE were 4.0 and 50 °C, and the apparent Km and Vmax values for MPA were (72.7±23.2) μm and (1.21±0.170) μmol min−1 mg−1 protein. The MCE polypeptide is significantly homologous with multicopper oxidases. Heterologous expression of MCE and functional analysis confirmed that MCE catalyzes the regioselective coupling reaction of MPA to produce DPA. No fungal multicopper oxidase has previously been reported to catalyze regioselective intermolecular oxidative phenol coupling to produce naphthopyranone atropisomers.
The [2+2] Cycloaddition‐Retroelectrocyclization (CA‐RE) Click Reaction: Facile Access to Molecular and Polymeric Push‐Pull Chromophores
Authors: Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Diederich François
Published: February 2018

The [2+2] cycloaddition‐retroelectrocyclization (CA‐RE) reaction between electron‐rich alkynes and electron‐deficient alkenes is an efficient procedure to create nonplanar donor–acceptor (D‐A) chromophores in both molecular and polymeric platforms. They feature attractive properties including intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) bands, nonlinear optical properties, and redox activities for use in next‐generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. This Review summarizes the development of the CA‐RE reaction, starting from the initial reports with organometallic compounds to the extension to purely organic systems. The structural requirements for rapid, high‐yielding transformations with true click chemistry character are illustrated by examples that include the broad alkyne and alkene substitution modes. The CA‐RE click reaction has been successfully applied to polymer synthesis, with the resulting polymeric push‐pull chromophores finding many interesting applications.
Rational Tuning of Fluorobenzene Probes for Cysteine‐Selective Protein Modification
Authors: Embaby Ahmed M. , Schoffelen Sanne , Kofoed Christian , Meldal Morten , Diness Frederik
Published: February 2018

Fluorobenzene probes for protein profiling through selective cysteine labeling have been developed by rational reactivity tuning. Tuning was achieved by selecting an electron‐withdrawing para substituent in combination with variation of the number of fluorine substituents. Optimized probes chemoselectively arylated cysteine residues in proteins under aqueous conditions. Probes linked to azide, biotin, or a fluorophore were applicable to labeling of eGFP and albumin. Selective inhibition of cysteine proteases was also demonstrated with the probes. Additionally, probes were tuned for site‐selective labeling of cysteine residues and for activity‐based protein profiling in cell lysates.
The Cyclic Hydrogen‐Bonded 6‐Azaindole Trimer and its Prominent Excited‐State Triple‐Proton‐Transfer Reaction
Authors: Tu Ting‐Hsun , Chen Yi‐Ting , Chen Yi‐An , Wei Yu‐Chen , Chen You‐Hua , Chen Chi‐Lin , Shen Jiun‐Yi , Chen Yi‐Han , Ho Ssu‐Yu , Cheng Kum‐Yi , Lee Shern‐Long , Chen Chun‐hsien , Chou Pi‐Tai
Published: February 2018

The compound 6‐azaindole undergoes self‐assembly by formation of N(1)−H⋅⋅⋅N(6) hydrogen bonds (H bonds), forming a cyclic, triply H‐bonded trimer. The formation phenomenon is visualized by scanning tunneling microscopy. Remarkably, the H‐bonded trimer undergoes excited‐state triple proton transfer (ESTPT), resulting in a proton‐transfer tautomer emission maximized at 435 nm (325 nm of the normal emission) in cyclohexane. Computational approaches affirm the thermodynamically favorable H‐bonded trimer formation and the associated ESTPT reaction. Thus, nearly half a century after Michael Kasha discovered the double H‐bonded dimer of 7‐azaindole and its associated excited‐state double‐proton‐transfer reaction, the triply H‐bonded trimer formation of 6‐azaindole and its ESTPT reaction are demonstrated.
A one‐pot method for synthesis of reduced graphene oxide‐supported Cu–Cu2O and catalytic application in tandem reaction of halides and sodium azide with terminal alkynes
Authors: Li Zhuofei , Zhao Hongyan , Han Huatao , Song Jinyi , Liu Yang , Guo Weihao , Sun Zhizhong , Chu Wenyi
Published: February 2018

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO)‐supported Cu–Cu2O nanocomposite material (Cu‐Cu2O@RGO) was prepared through a one‐pot reflux synthesis method. The morphology, crystal structure and composition of the prepared Cu‐Cu2O@RGO were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Cu‐Cu2O@RGO as a heterogeneous catalyst was applied to tandem reactions of halides and sodium azide with terminal alkynes to synthesize effectively 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles. Moreover, the catalyst showed excellent recyclability performance with very little leaching of the metal. Compared with homogeneous catalysts, Cu‐Cu2O@RGO as a green and efficient catalyst was recoverable, easy to separate and highly stable in the tandem method for the synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazole compounds.