bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface modification and characterization of carbon spheres by grafting polyelectrolyte brushes
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Houbin , Zhang Pan , Liu Liangliang , He Yuhang , Wang Yali
Published: June 2014

Modified carbon spheres (CSPBs) were obtained by grafting poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (p-DMDAAC) on the surface of carbon spheres (CSs). It can be viewed as a kind of cation spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (CSPBs), which consist of carbon spheres as core and polyelectrolytes as shell. The method of synthesizing carbon spheres was hydrothermal reaction. Before the polyelectrolyte brushes were grafted, azo initiator [4,4′-Azobis(4-cyanovaleric acyl chloride)] was attached to the carbon spheres' surface through hydroxyl groups. CSPBs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), conductivity meter, and system zeta potential. The results showed that compared with carbon spheres, the conductivity and zeta potential on CSPBs increased from 9.98 to 49.24 μS/cm and 11.6 to 42.5 mV, respectively, after the polyelectrolyte brushes were grafted. The colloidal stability in water was enhanced, and at the same time, the average diameter of the CSPBs was found to be 173 nm, and the average molecular weight and grafted density of the grafted polyelectrolyte brushes were 780,138 g/mol and 4.026 × 109/nm2, respectively.
Dynamical behaviors of an SIRI epidemic model with nonlinear incidence and latent period
Authors: Guo Peng , Yang Xinsong , Yang Zhichun
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we study an SIRI epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate and latent period, namely

k
I
(
t
−
τ
)
S

1
+
α

I
h

(
t
−
τ
)

, which describes the psychological effect of certain serious diseases on the community when the size of the set of infective individuals is getting larger. We first obtain the threshold dynamics on the global stability of the equilibria for the model without latent period, and then we analyze the stability and Hopf bifurcation for the model with the latent period. The results show the influence of nonlinear incidence rate and latent period on the dynamical behaviors of the SIRI model. The examples and its simulations are given to illustrate the obtained results.
A patient-centered network approach to multidisciplinary-guideline development: a process evaluation
Authors: Den Breejen Elvira ME , Hilbink Mirrian AHW , Nelen Willianne LDM , Wiersma Tjerk J , Burgers Jako S , Kremer Jan AM , Hermens Rosella PMG
Published: June 2014

Background

Guideline development and uptake are still suboptimal; they focus on clinical aspects of diseases rather than on improving the integration of care. We used a patient-centered network approach to develop five harmonized guidelines (one multidisciplinary and four monodisciplinary) around clinical pathways in fertility care. We assessed the feasibility of this approach with a detailed process evaluation of the guideline development, professionals’ experiences, and time invested.

Methods

The network structure comprised the centrally located patients and the steering committee; a multidisciplinary guideline development group (gynecologists, physicians, urologists, clinical embryologists, clinical chemists, a medical psychologist, an occupational physician, and two patient representatives); and four monodisciplinary guideline development groups. The guideline development addressed patient-centered, organizational, and medical-technical key questions derived from interviews with patients and professionals. These questions were elaborated and distributed among the groups. We evaluated the project performance, participants’ perceptions of the approach, and the time needed, including time for analysis of secondary sources, interviews with eight key figures, and a written questionnaire survey among 35 participants.

Results

Within 20 months, this approach helped us develop a multidisciplinary guideline for treating infertility and four related monodisciplinary guidelines for general infertility, unexplained infertility, male infertility, and semen analysis. The multidisciplinary guideline included recommendations for the main medical-technical matters and for organizational and patient-centered issues in clinical care pathways. The project was carried out as planned except for minor modifications and three extra consensus meetings. The participants were enthusiastic about the approach, the respect for autonomy, the project coordinator’s role, and patient involvement. Suggestions for improvement included timely communication about guideline formats, the timeline, participants’ responsibilities, and employing a librarian and more support staff. The 35 participants spent 4497 hours in total on this project.

Conclusions

The novel patient-centered network approach is feasible for simultaneously and collaboratively developing a harmonized set of multidisciplinary and monodisciplinary guidelines around clinical care pathways for patients with fertility problems. Further research is needed to compare the efficacy of this approach with more traditional approaches.
Activated and inactivated immune responses in Caenorhabditis elegans against Photorhabdus luminescens TT01
Authors: Sato Kazuki , Yoshiga Toyoshi , Hasegawa Koichi
Published: June 2014

The Gram-negative bacteriumPhotorhabdus luminescenswhich symbiotically associates with the entomopathogenic nematodeHeterorhabditis bacteriophora, has a broad insecticidal and nematicidal activity. The virulence ofP. luminescenstoward the non-mutualistic nematodeCaenorhabditis eleganshas not been described. We showed that when fed onP. luminescens, the intestinal cells ofC. elegansworms become delicate and some crystal-like structure was developed within the intestinal lumen. Next, we examined the requirement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway againstP. luminescens. Depletion ofpmk-1by RNAi enhances susceptibility toP. luminescens, and numerous downstream targets regulated by the p38 MAPK pathway were induced when fed onP. luminescens. On the other hand, knockdown ofdaf-16has no effects onC. eleganslifespan, but knockdown ofdaf-2dramatically increased resistance toP. luminescensin adaf-16-dependent manner. We also revealed one of thedaf-2ligandsins-7was induced andins-7deletion mutant survived longer when fed onP. luminescens. These results suggest the p38 MAPK pathway is activated and required for the host defense againstP. luminescens. Insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway is inactivated byP. luminescensthrough the overexpression of insulin-like gene.
Assessment of near-surface mapping capabilities by airborne transient electromagnetic data — An extensive comparison to conventional borehole data
Authors: Schamper Cyril , Jørgensen Flemming , Auken Esben , Effersø Flemming
Published: June 2014

A newly developed helicopter transient electromagnetic (TEM) system has the ability to measure very early times within just a few μs after the turn off of the primary current. For such a system, careful calibration and accurate modeling of the electromagnetic (EM) response is critical to get true resistivities of the very shallow geologic layers. We discovered that this leads to resolution of the same level or in some cases even better than what can be obtained from airborne frequency EM systems. This allowed a range of important applications where high and accurate resolution is mandatory, e.g., geotechnical applications such as urban planning, railroad and road investigations, landslides or distribution of raw materials, and assessing aquifer vulnerability. We evaluated the results of a pilot survey covering the Norsminde catchment south of Aarhus, Denmark, where we found that near-surface layers (top 30 m) can be mapped with an accuracy of a few meters in a complicated glacial sedimentary environment. The mapping of the geologic layers was assessed by a detailed analysis in which we developed a general methodology for crosschecking the EM and borehole data. This methodology is general and can easily be adapted to other data types and surveys. After rating the quality of the boreholes based on a list of predefined criteria, we concluded that the EM data matched with about three-quarters of the boreholes located within less than 15 m from the closest EM soundings. The remaining quarter of the boreholes fell into two groups in which half of the boreholes were of very poor quality or had inaccurate coordinates. Only eight of all the boreholes could not be reproduced by the data, and we attributed this to be caused by very strong lateral or vertical geologic variations not resolvable by the TEM technique.
The Curatorial Turn
Authors: Sellar Tom
Published: June 2014

In this article, Tom Sellar begins to define the mercurial role of the performance curator that has been emerging at the intersections of theatrical practice and the visual arts and their presentation. By linking the burgeoning prominence of curators with “a desire for strengthened discourse” in the presentation of contemporary performance, he points to the affinities that performance curation maintains with dramaturgy and criticism, even as the role stakes a claim to greater institutional and creative power.
The Southern African Victory
Authors: Saul John S.
Published: June 2014

This article identifies the successful global anticolonial struggle against racist European rule as “the most significant event of the twentieth century.” Yet the article also sees the economic strength of capitalist countries and corporations as having significantly qualified any such victory—with “neocolonialism” (under American hegemony) and, more recently, “recolonization” (by an increasingly globalized and multicentered capitalism) having reinforced capital's rule in Africa while also further promoting the privileged self-aggrandizement of local elites. John S. Saul draws on the insights of Frantz Fanon and Amilcar Cabral, in particular, to anatomize the “failed liberation” of most African territories, including those in southern Africa, with their marked inability to better the lot of “the wretched of the earth” within their borders being readily apparent. Moreover, this has been as true of South Africa and of the vast mass of that country's black population as it has been elsewhere. The article also registers, however, the widespread popular resistance to such an outcome that has now surfaced there and the demands for a more meaningful “liberation” that this has brought into focus. In sum, while acknowledging the very real accomplishment of southern Africans in liberating themselves from the most heinous forms of Western tyranny, Saul underscores—against the claims of the Nelson Mandelas and the Thabo Mbekis—the relatively shallow nature of the “success” achieved by the antiapartheid and related regional struggles. He then concludes by affirming that a “next liberation struggle” for a more meaningful and inclusive freedom does indeed continue, not least in South Africa itself.
The Dutch Antiapartheid Movement
Authors: Lichtenstein Alex
Published: June 2014

In this interview with coeditor Alex Lichtenstein, longtime Dutch antiapartheid activist Sietse Bosgra (b. 1935) describes the evolution of his political commitment to solidarity with the liberation movements of southern Africa, especially Angola, Mozambique, and South Africa. The interview explores the experience of German occupation during World War II, the Dutch colonial wars in Indonesia in the late 1940s, and Dutch New Left opposition to Portuguese colonial wars in Africa during the 1960s. Active in the noncommunist left organization Komitee Zuiderlijk Afrika (Holland Committee on Southern Africa), Bosgra explains the complex and shifting relationship between liberals and leftists that beset the antiapartheid movement in the Netherlands, as activists debated boycotts, armed struggle, and relationships with governing political parties. He also discusses differences over the role of the Communist Party and the question of combating European racism.
Toyi-Toying in Birmingham
Authors: Melton Sarah
Published: June 2014

This article examines the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute's (BCRI) human rights exhibitions and the site's interpretation of the South African antiapartheid movement. How and why does an institution ostensibly dedicated to the history of the US civil rights movement choose to represent apartheid? What might a transnational public history of apartheid look like, and what are the challenges? How do the BCRI's transnational exhibits reflect the site's notions of the United States' role in world history? These global exhibits offer insight into how public historical narratives are shaped by the interplay of philosophy, mission, and institutional needs.
“Free at Last”
Authors: Anderson Lauren Kientz
Published: June 2014

“Free at Last” chronicles the use of multimodal teaching exercises in a three-week class on the global antiapartheid movement. The class drew on, in particular, Connie Field's seven-part documentary Have You Heard from Johannesburg, which proved to be an excellent tool for content delivery and for sparking discussions. Also used were “passbooks” to simulate, though not re-create, the way the apartheid regime used identification books to oppress black South Africans. Two of the most challenging discussions for the students were the idea of the proper use of international intervention and the choice to use violent or nonviolent resistance. The class succeeded in stimulating student interest in South Africa and in racial oppression, challenging students to present their own ideas on those subjects, and opening deep moral quandaries to student discussion.
The United States, South Africa, and the Cold War
Authors: Gleijeses Piero
Published: June 2014

Piero Gleijeses reviews Gordian Knot: Apartheid and the Unmaking of the Liberal World Order, by Ryan Irwin.
Extracellular cleavage of E-cadherin promotes epithelial cell extrusion
Authors: Grieve Adam G. , Rabouille Catherine
Published: June 2014

Epithelial cell extrusion and subsequent apoptosis is a key mechanism to prevent accumulation of excess cells. Conversely, when driven by oncogene expression, apical cell extrusion is followed by proliferation and represents an initial step of tumorigenesis. E-cadherin (E-cad), the main component of adherens junctions, has been shown to be essential for epithelial cell extrusion, but its mechanistic contribution remains unclear. Here, we provide clear evidence that cell extrusion can be driven by E-cad cleavage, both in a wild type and oncogenic environment. We first show that CDC42 activation in a single epithelial cell results in its efficient MMP-sensitive extrusion through MEK signaling activation and is supported by E-cad cleavage. Second, using an engineered cleavable form of E-cad, we demonstrate that sole extracellular E-cad truncation at the plasma membrane promotes apical extrusion. We propose that extracellular cleavage of E-cad generates a rapid change in cell-cell adhesion sufficient to drive apical cell extrusion. Whereas in normal epithelia, extrusion is followed by apoptosis, when combined to active oncogenic signaling, it is coupled to cell proliferation.
The Important Role of Solvent Reservoir in Self-Assembly of Organic Semiconducting Micro- and Nanowires
Authors: Lambrecht Julia , Saragi Tobat P I
Published: June 2014

We report the crucial role of solvent reservoir in drying under solvent atmosphere method on the growth of self-assembled micro- and nanowires from the solution of organic semiconducting N,N′-diperfluorophenyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide.
Ion-Selective Marangoni Instability of Oil/Water Interface under a DC Voltage
Authors: Maki Syungo , Yamamoto Ryota , Yamamoto Daigo , Shioi Akihisa
Published: June 2014

Ion-selective Marangoni instability (MI) was studied by electrochemical measurements in order to determine the non-hydrodynamic nonlinear dynamics inherent to the process. An oil-soluble surfactant and calcium ion reacted at the interface, where the reaction products form aggregates. We generated a macroscopic interface where interfacial processes such as reaction and aggregation were synchronized. In this case, a non-hydrodynamic regime was observed before convection: Immediately after applying voltage, we observed an unsynchronized interface and an irregular interfacial flow. However, when the amount of ion transport across the interface exceeded a threshold value, the interface became synchronized, and successive occurrence of MI appeared as a periodical oscillation of interfacial tension. An aggregate of reaction products was considered to proceed homogeneously over the whole synchronized interface. We used a hemispherical droplet shape, and thus an increase in interfacial tension decreased the interfacial area. The interface was then compressed, providing a mechanical work for the desorption of aggregated products. This triggered a hydrodynamic instability.
Application of Cuprous Oxide Nanowires in an Electrochemical Sensor for Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Zhao Jian-wei , Yan Zhong-ke , Qin Li-rong , Feng Xi-ning , Wang Ping
Published: June 2014

A promising electrochemical sensor of ascorbic acid (AA) was constructed based on cuprous oxide nanowires with coarse surface. The sensor exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance for AA determination in alkaline medium.
Gold-catalyzed Synthesis of 4-(2-Oxoalkoxy)butyl Methanesulfonates via Ring-opening of Tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Huang Wangyong , Xiang Jiannan , He Weimin
Published: June 2014

A variety of terminal alkynes were converted into the corresponding 4-(2-oxoalkoxy)butyl methanesulfonates via a gold-catalyzed intermolecular oxidation reaction using 8-ethylquinoline N-oxide as the oxidant and THF as the solvent. This reaction is proposed to proceed through the ring-opening of THF via an α-oxo gold carbene intermediate.
Concert Hall Geometry Optimization with Parametric Modeling Tools and Wave-Based Acoustic Simulations
Authors: Robinson Philip W. , Siltanen Samuel , Lokki Tapio , Savioja Lauri
Published: June 2014

Advances in computational capacity made available through graphics processing unit (GPU) processing and developments in parametrically driven design tools are creating new possibilities for acoustic design and analysis. In particular, wave-based numerical simulations are becoming more tractable, and geometry manipulations, which were once cumbersome manual work, can now be automated. A case study of concert hall section profile optimization is presented. Using RHINOCEROS software with the GRASSHOPPER parametric modeling plugin, geometries were automatically generated based on a few parameters, then evaluated using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) numerical simulations using GPU processing in MATLAB. The results from each iteration are used to inform a global optimization algorithm that conducts an intelligent search of the parameter space to find a solution in as few iterations as possible. The optimization is based on a stochastic model of the multidimensional objective function. The objective function is iteratively sampled and a simplified Bayesian approach is used for finding the set of parameters which is most likely to improve the current estimate of the global minimum at each iteration. With this method, curved and linear iterations of the sidewalls and under-balcony surfaces of a concert hall section were investigated. The objective was to deliver the most early energy, in the most uniform distribution, from multiple sources to multiple receiver positions.
Interactive Real-Time Simulation and Auralization for Modifiable Rooms
Authors: Pelzer Sönke , Aspöck Lukas , Schröder Dirk , Vorländer Michael
Published: June 2014

To study the effects of any changes to a room or setting on the room acoustics, a framework was developed that enables immediate acoustic and visual feedback to the user. This is achieved by running interactive room acoustics simulations and auralizations in real-time. Physically based binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) are calculated using the image source method and ray tracing and are divided into direct sound, early reflections and late reverberation. Any part of the BRIR is updated as quickly as possible depending on the user's interaction with the scene. This includes changes to sources and receivers (positions/orientations/directivities/HRTF), to surface materials and to the room geometry itself. Using streaming low-latency convolution, an immediate feedback is provided to the user. A parallelization concept features multi-threading and networked PC-clusters, so that the workload can be effectively distributed, offering a scalability to simulate small to huge scenes, depending on the available computation power. For convenient scene design and interaction, a plug-in for Trimble SketchUp was developed that enables real-time room acoustics and room acoustics parameter visualization to this easy-to-use CAD modeling tool.
Computational and Optimization Design in Geometric Acoustics
Authors: Bassuet Alban , Rife Dave , Dellatorre Luca
Published: June 2014

The use of 3D computer modeling tools through the 90s has revolutionized the practice of architecture. Coupled with new fabrication processes, these have introduced new territories for architectural design. Such techniques are also available to acoustic designers for the shaping of spaces. With 3D modeling programs such as Rhino3D and Grasshopper incorporating NURBS, geometries can be easily adjusted to meet both aesthetic and functional objectives. Control points of NURBS elements give access to the parameterization of geometries which subsequently can be assigned variables and open the way to computational design optimization. Through several performing arts project examples, this paper gives an overview of processes used today by acousticians to refine designs either through iterative design, auralization, optimization algorithms and real-time computer modeling. Contextualized with design practices from different periods of history, the paper discusses the relevance of computational and optimization tools in the design process of shaping rooms, walls and reflectors and how these methods can support creativity, accelerate solution finding, and interface with complex architectural ideas.
Data Reconstruction Based on a Generalized Orthogonal Polynomial Function
Authors: Chen W.H. , Lu Z.R. , Liao W.Y. , Ni Y.Q. , Liu J.K.
Published: June 2014

A method for structural response data reconstruction based on a generalized orthogonal polynomial function is presented in this paper. The method can be used to generate the displacement and velocity responses from the measurements of acceleration responses. And it can also be utilized to obtain the displacement and velocity responses from the measurements of strain responses. Two numerical examples are used to illustrate the correctness and accuracy of the proposed method. The proposed method is further verified by a field measurement of Canton Tower. The displacement time histories generated from the measured acceleration are found to agree well with the displacement time histories from global position system measurement.
Crack Assessment in Frame Structures Using Modal Data and Unified Particle Swarm Optimization Technique
Authors: Nanda Bharadwaj , Maity Damodar , Maiti Dipak K.
Published: June 2014

The present paper deals with the application of unified particle swarm optimization (UPSO) technique for solving crack assessment problems in frame like structures. UPSO is a scheme for improving performance of standard particle swarm optimization (SPSO) by harnessing its exploration and exploitation ability simultaneously. The objective function formulated for crack assessment purpose uses the changes in natural frequencies and mode shapes as the damage indicators. The efficiency of present crack assessment algorithm is demonstrated by conducting several studies. First, a numerical study conducted among several PSO variants, such as global best SPSO, local best SPSO, PSO with constriction factor, PSO with time varying acceleration coefficient and UPSO for accessing their performance in solving inverse problem for crack assessment. Secondly, the performance of UPSO based algorithm is validated with experimental results. Finally, numerical studies are conducted to investigate the performance of UPSO based algorithm in crack assessment using noisy modal data. The results of these studies indicate that the developed method is capable for crack detection and quantification with satisfactory precision.
Comparison of high temperature oxidation of nanocrystalline FeCr alloy consolidated by spark plasma sintering and hot pressing
Authors: Sebayang D. , Khaerudini Deni , Othman M. , Hasan S. , Mahzan S. , Fredrick D. , Sujitno T. , Untoro P.
Published: June 2014

The oxidation kinetics and microstructure characteristics of oxide scales thermally grown on the surface of developed FeCr alloy were investigated at 900 °C. The influence of difference sintering technique, i.e. spark plasma sintering and hot pressing, to improve nanostructured alloy performance was studied. The La-implantation was also considered in this study. It was found that the SPS sintered sample showed better performance than the HP sintered sample. Moreover, it also found that a combining of La-implantation and nanostructured alloy was most beneficial. While nanostructured alloy reduced the oxidation rate, the La-implantation increased the Cr2O3 scale conductivity.
Quantitative identification and research of mixed-source natural gas-example of natural gas in Jingbian gas field
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Li Jian , Chen Jianfa , Li Chengshan
Published: June 2014

It is shown in natural gas proportion mixing experiments that a mixed-source natural gas is the physical combination of end member gas. Both the carbon and hydrogen isotopes in the mixed-source natural gas can be expressed by the weighted average of corresponding components content and isotopes of end member gas. Under certain geological setting, the selection of end member gas is the key to mixed-source ratio calculation. Then, it's better to estimate the mixed-source ratio with δ13C1 and component data according to the weighted average calculation formula. The analysis on natural gas geochemistry characteristics show that the natural gas extracted from Jingbian Gas Field in the Ordos Basin is mainly an upper Paleozoic coal-derived gas. In the analysis of geological conditions for reservoir forming and characteristics of natural gas, natural gas from Longtan 1 Well and Tao 6 Well were selected as the end member gases of lower Paleozoic oil-type gas and upper Paleozoic coal-type gas respectively to calculate the mixed-source ratio of natural gas in Jingbian Gas Field. The ratio of upper Paleozoic coal-derived gas mostly accounts for over 70% and its average ratio reaches 81%. Therefore, the exploration of natural gas of Ordos Basin should be focused on the upper palaeozoic coal source rock, and attention should be paid to the matching of coal source rock in the exploration of weathered crust gas deposit.
Basic garment pattern design and the development for the standard figure
Authors: Fayoomy Amal , Tahan Ahmad
Published: June 2014

It is common that the measurements of any human Figure are differing from the others with same size. Based on the parameters of flat curves and measurements of the flat pattern, using the parabola curves as stating points between the armhole and the armscy geometrical approximation of the garment is achieved by reshaping the surfaces of the flat pattern. Bearing in mind that, in reality there is no such thing as standard or perfect figure, the formulas for constructing basic flat pattern has designed and developed for the standard figure. The research is trying mathematically to solve and overcome the problem of fitness and might put a step to solve this deficiency.
Analysis and design of a PWM chopper-on/off control via a second order filter
Authors: Zaatri Abdelouahab , Belhour Souad
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the analysis of a nonlinear on/off control system including a filter of a second order in the closed loop. The proposed system is capable of generating a pulse width modulation which is used to design and built up a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) chopper dedicated to regulate fluctuating power supplies such as photovoltaic, wind turbine systems; etc. The use of the second order filter aims to compensate the output against the fluctuations of irradiation as well as the variation of the load. The study essentially focuses on determining the relationship between the pulse durations with respect to system parameters and technological requirements. The theoretical study is followed by a simulation of a DC-DC chopper.
Impact of stitch length on sewing needle temperature
Authors: Mazari Adnan , Havelka Antonin
Published: June 2014

In this article the sewing needle heat is measured without sewing thread and with sewing thread at different stitch density (stitches per inch or SPI) of lock stitch sewing machine by thermocouples. Two methods are used to measure sewing needle heat, touch thermocouple method and inserted thermo couple method. Needle temperature is measured after periodic 10, 20, 30 and 60 seconds of sewing operation. Whereas the machine running at speed from 1000 r/m to 4700 r/m. It is observed that decreasing stitch length causes an increase in the temperature of the sewing needle. Stitch density shows same influence on needle for sewing with thread and without thread. It is observed from our research that at SPI of 14 the needle temperature with thread rises to 259 °C at 4000 r/min of machine. It is recommended to use minimum stitch density.
Book Reviews
Authors: Rand Graham K.
Published: June 2014

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor will be pleased to receive an email from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor.

The following books are reviewed in this issue of Interfaces, 44(3), May–June 2014: Handbook of Global Logistics: Transportation in International Supply Chains, James H. Bookbinder; Decision Making in Service Industries: A Practical Approach, Javier Faulin, Angel A. Juan, Scott E. Grasman, and Michael J. Fry, eds.; Handbook of Operations Research for Homeland Security, Jeffrey W. Herrmann, ed.; Data Mining for Biomarker Discovery, Panos M. Pardalos, Petros Xanthopoulos, and Michalis Zervakis, eds.; Supply Chain Transformation, Practical Roadmap to Best Practice Results, Richard J. Sherman; Supply Chain Network Design: Applying Optimization and Analytics to the Global Supply Chain, Michael Watson, Sara Lewis, Peter Cacioppi, and Jay Jayaraman.
Decisions related to cardiac pacing and CRT: Following the ESC's guidelines
Authors: Linden Belinda
Published: June 2014

Belinda Linden summarises the key issues stemming from the European Society of Cardiology's guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronisation therapy
Amyloid heart disease (part 1): Epidemiology, types, clinical features and investigations
Authors: Dubrey Simon W , Ghonim Sarah
Published: June 2014

Amyloid disease is caused by a number of different proteins, of both wild type and mutated forms, which become deposited in tissues as a relatively insoluble matrix, termed amyloid. Organ dysfunction is caused by the physical presence of amyloid fibrils and by an inherent cytoxic effect of several of the constituent protein sub-units. Once established, this form of protein deposition disease is self-perpetuating, with serious clinical consequences, including cardiac compromise and, ultimately, mortality. Many advances have been made in the detection, imaging and definition of amyloid type and in markers to predict disease outcome, in addition to dramatic advances in therapeutic interventions. Advances in these areas have implications far beyond the relatively narrow field of amyloid cardiomyopathy, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, type 2 diabetes, cancers, atherosclerosis and prion disease. Part one of this article describes the epidemiology, types of amyloid, clinical features and investigations, while part two (to be published in the next issue) offers a detailed review of the management of this disease spectrum.
Keeping my cholesterol low
Authors: Good Traci
Published: June 2014

Having been misdiagnosed initially, Traci Good has made difficult changes to manage her type 3 hyperlipidaemia. She explains her diagnosis and how the condition has affected her life
Support for cancer clients: the role of the mental health nurse
Authors: Trenoweth Steve , Allymamod Wasiim
Published: June 2014

This article explores the links between the experience of cancer and mental distress. It outlines the psychosocial care that can be offered to this client group, and the authors suggest a role for the mental health nurse and how psychological supprt can help to improve both physical health and psychological revcovery.
The administration of ‘as required’ sedative medication at a secure psychiatric hospital
Authors: Haw Camilla , Wolstencroft Lindsey
Published: June 2014

Relatively little research has been conducted into the use of pro re nata (PRN) medication in psychiatry. This article describes the frequency, nature and reasons for the administration of sedative PRN medication among inpatients at a secure psychiatric hospital and audits its documentation against good practice standards. Medication charts and case notes were scrutinised for doses of PRN medication administered in the previous 14 days. A total of 344 patients were studied. Thirty-four percent had received PRN medication in the previous fortnight. Most of the 618 doses (93%) were administered orally and none were described as rapid tranquillisation. There was no evidence of physical monitoring following PRN administration. Case note documentation was patchy, with no mention was made of side effects and in just 40% was the reason for using PRN recorded. In only 31% of instances was the outcome documented. PRN medication was commonly administered but poorly documented. Nursing staff need reminding that good case note documentation is important both clinically and for medicolegal reasons when administering sedative medication to patients.
Living with Anxiety: Mental Health Awareness Week 2014
Authors: Carson Joanna
Published: June 2014

As the Mental Health Foundation hosts Mental Health Awareness Week, Joanna Carson comments on the Foundation’s choice of theme for 2014—anxiety
The evolving role of the dental nurse
Authors: O'Reilly Melissa
Published: June 2014

With the inception of the GDC's Scope of Practice document in April 2009, the dental nurse's roles and responsibilities have expanded considerably. This has allowed them to develop further knowledge and skills in clinical practice
Restoration of endodontically treated teeth
Authors: Giovarruscio Massimo
Published: June 2014

There have been many recent advances in the methods available for restoring endodontically treated teeth. This article provides a practical guide to the restoration of endodontically treated teeth based on the amount of sound tooth structure remaining
Ionising radiation: legislation and risks
Authors: Luker Jane
Published: June 2014

Ionisation legislation ensures a safe environment in which to work and receive treatment and requires that those involved in the radiographic process must be appropriately trained for the type of radiographic practice they perform. This article looks at ionising radiation legislation from the dental nurse's perspective
Provision of dental care within a secure setting
Authors: Beaudin Hazel
Published: June 2014

The demand for dental care in secure settings is rising in conjunction with a steady rise in the overall prison population. Patients often have a history of drug-taking and alcohol abuse, underlying poor nutrition and heavy smoking. Maintaining good oral health is, therefore, a challenge
Compliance with decontamination regulations
Authors: Bakare Kemi
Published: June 2014

The HTM 01-05 regulations are intended to minimise the risk of cross-infection and contamination in dental practices. Dental nurses are often responsible for cleaning, sterilising and storing instruments, so need to understand them
The oral complications of diabetes are often ignored
Authors: Phillips Anne
Published: June 2014

ORAL HEALTH

Nurses should include a check for dental health issues in people with diabetes as part of their regular review, explains Anne Phillips
Managing healthy weight in children and young people
Authors: Linden Belinda
Published: June 2014

PUBLIC HEALTH

Managing the weight of children and young people can reduce the risk of long-term conditions developing in later life. Belinda Linden discusses the key points of new guidance
Managing recurring rosacea
Authors: Kochhar Suneeta
Published: June 2014

ROSACEA

Optimal control may be achieved with topical therapy, oral antibiotics or by avoiding triggers, says Suneeta Kochhar
Annual reviews: offering made-to-measure care
Authors: Mantri Pamela
Published: June 2014

Pamela Mantri explains how to carry out safe and effective epilepsy reviews and how practice nurses can use these to provide individualized care
Prevention and control of viral hepatitis at home and abroad
Authors: Grieve Sandra
Published: June 2014

The hepatitis viruses are important causes of morbidity worldwide. Sandra Grieve looks at the global epidemiology of hepatitis and the value of raising public awareness to prevent widespread infection
Smoking cessation and COPD: a case study
Authors: Attar-Zadeh Darush
Published: June 2014

Behaviour change does not come easily to many smokers, especially when dealing with such a powerful addiction. Darush Attar-Zadeh discusses the intervention process of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A pilot of practice-based learning for new GPNs
Authors: Kennedy Susan
Published: June 2014

An evaluation of a pilot of practice-based learning for nurses new to general practice in Scotland has found that nurses achieved their learning needs and extended their roles
Mortality after total hip replacement surgery
Authors: Berstock J. R. , Beswick A. D. , Lenguerrand E. , Whitehouse M. R. , Blom A. W.
Published: June 2014

Total hip replacement causes a short-term increase in the risk of mortality. It is important to quantify this and to identify modifiable risk factors so that the risk of post-operative mortality can be minimised. We performed a systematic review and critical evaluation of the current literature on the topic. We identified 32 studies published over the last 10 years which provide either 30-day or 90-day mortality data. We estimate the pooled incidence of mortality during the first 30 and 90 days following hip replacement to be 0.30% (95% CI 0.22 to 0.38) and 0.65% (95% CI 0.50 to 0.81), respectively. We found strong evidence of a temporal trend towards reducing mortality rates despite increasingly co-morbid patients. The risk factors for early mortality most commonly identified are increasing age, male gender and co-morbid conditions, particularly cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular complications appear to have overtaken fatal pulmonary emboli as the leading cause of death after hip replacement.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:175–82
Removal of Evans Blue and Yellow thiazole dyes from aqueous solution by Mg-Al-CO3 Layered Double Hydroxides as anion-exchanger
Authors: Bouraada Mohamed , Bessaha Hassiba , De MÃ©norval Louis Charles
Published: June 2014

Mg-Al-CO3 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) was prepared by co-precipitation method at constantÂ pH, and subsequently used to remove Evans Blue (EB) and Yellow thiazole (YT) dyes from aqueous solutions.The obtained material was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infraredÂ spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis and BET. The kinetic and equilibrium aspects of sorption of the anionicÂ dyes from aqueous solution by Mg-Al-CO3 were investigated in batch mode. The sorption kinetic data wereÂ found to be consistent with the pseudo-second-order model. Data for YT and EB sorption by Mg-Al-CO3 wereÂ fitted better by the Langmuir equation than by the Freundlich equation based on the determinationÂ coefficient values R2. The maximum adsorption capacities of 222.2 mgg-1 for Yellow thiazole and 107.5Â mgg-1 for Evans blue. The thermodynamic parameters including Gibbs free energy (ï„ GÂ°), standard enthalpyÂ change (ï„ HÂ°), and standard entropy change (ï„ SÂ°) for the process were calculated. The negative ï„ GÂ° valueÂ indicates the spontaneity of the removal process.
Quantity Processing in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children: Evidence From Symbolic and Nonsymbolic Comparison Tasks
Authors: Rodríguez-Santos José Miguel , Calleja Marina , García-Orza Javier , Iza Mauricio , Damas Jesús
Published: June 2014

Deaf Children usually achieve lower scores on numerical tasks than normally hearing peers. Explanations for mathematical disabilities in hearing children are based on quantity representation deficits (Geary, 1994) or on deficits in accessing these representations (Rousselle & Noël, 2008). The present study aimed to verify, by means of symbolic (Arabic digits) and nonsymbolic (dot constellations and hands) magnitude comparison tasks, whether deaf children show deficits in representations or in accessing numerical representations. The study participants were 10 prelocutive deaf children and 10 normally hearing children. Numerical distance and magnitude were manipulated. Response time (RT) analysis showed similar magnitude and distance effects in both groups on the 3 tasks. However, slower RTs were observed among the deaf participants on the symbolic task alone. These results suggest that although both groups’ quantity representations were similar, the deaf group experienced a delay in accessing representations from symbolic codes.
Measles and Ancient Plagues: A Note on New Scientific Evidence
Authors: Manley Jennifer
Published: June 2014

A number of diseases are frequently cited as possible causes for the plagues of antiquity. Amongst these, measles is often mentioned. However, recent scientific advances based on studies of the molecular clock of the virus have shown that measles is too “young” in evolutionary terms to have been the cause of either the Athenian Plague or the Antonine Plague. This paper draws scholars’ attention to the implications of this discovery and its broader consequences for our approach to diagnosing ancient plagues.
Politics and Challenge: The Case of Euripides’ Ion
Authors: Vickers Michael
Published: June 2014

Euripides’ Ion was performed in 409 B.C. in order to strengthen the case for Alcibiades’ return from exile. There is a considerable overlap between the anecdotal tradition relating to Alcibiades, Pericles, and Aspasia and the characterization of Ion, Xuthus, and Creusa. Euripides puts across a pro-Alcibiadean message, excusing Alcibiades’ faults, both major and minor, rebutting charges that Alcibiades was of servile origin, promoting his religious policy, and providing him with a fresh genealogy to replace his supposed physical descent from Ajax. The case seems to be confirmed by details in Aristophanes’ Plutus , where the first person encountered on leaving Apollo’s temple also possesses Alcibiadean characteristics.
The Morphological Metamorphosis of Thetis in Catullus’ Poem 64
Authors: Tamás Ábel
Published: June 2014

This paper examines the famous polyptoton ( Thetidis . . . Thetis . . . Thetidi ) in Catullus’ poem 64.19–21 and interprets it as a morphological realization of Thetis’ metamorphosis, which—along with the whole negative side of the myth—is suppressed in the Catullan narrative. This “morphological metamorphosis” is, according to this paper, part of Catullus’ play with narrative and (inter)textual illusions in his miniature epic.
Corinna dubitans : Rhetorics of Seduction and Failure in Ovid, Amores 1.11
Authors: Perkins Caroline A.
Published: June 2014

Amores 1.11 is a misguided poem of persuasion that fails rhetorically, first because the poet-speaker is persuading the wrong addressee, the slave Nape instead of the puella Corinna; and second, because the poet-speaker cannot sustain the pose of the affable lover needed to succeed in an erotic persuasion. Instead his tone with the slave becomes increasingly peremptory and spills over into his tone with the absent Corinna. Thus, the rhetoric of seduction becomes the rhetoric of failure because the poet-speaker allows the audience, and possibly Corinna herself, to see how and why she might refuse his invitation.
The Scarecrow of Os : The Function of Antefixes, Oscilla , and Suspended Masks in the Roman Garden
Authors: Wilk Stephen R.
Published: June 2014

Scare faces exist all over the world and have a long history. Scare faces are images in art (generally ceramic, carved, or stone sculptures, although they may be painted) that have large staring eyes set in an identifiable head. The more effective ones move, but there are many examples which are stationary. They are so ubiquitous that we have grown very used to them and in many cases have forgotten or never really consciously knew their practical function, which is to drive away birds (and possibly other pests) from otherwise tempting supplies of food or nesting sites. They are, in essence, scarecrows, but scarecrows of greater art and antiquity than the bucolic constructions we associate with that name.
Awkwardness and Appreciation in Death in the Afternoon
Authors: Wyatt David
Published: June 2014

The veneration of the iceberg principle, first articulated in Death in the Afternoon , has obscured the complexity of Hemingway’s artistic development. The bull fight book marks a decisive turn away from the art of “the omitted.” Offering itself as an experience of learning how to see, Death in the Afternoon immerses its reader in the awkwardness of being “a person unfamiliar” with a complex and demanding—although “minor”—art. Like Juan Belmonte, Hemingway now finds that in order to improve his style he must “break the rules” that have governed his early practice. The re-sult is an awkward form in which, rather than leaving things out, Heming -way risks the ungainliness of a book that “would have had everything in it.”
Who is “The Destructive Type”?: Re-Reading Literary Jealousy and Destruction in The Garden of Eden
Authors: Eby Carl P.
Published: June 2014

The tension between creation and destruction is central to Hemingway’s The Garden of Eden . Catherine’s role as “destroyer”—burning David’s stories—is self-evident, but critics have also long recognized her creativity. David calls himself “the inventive type,” but what has long gone unnoticed is his destructive side. The Eden manuscript reveals that David destroys part of his own honeymoon narrative. What’s more, the physical evidence of the manuscript suggests that Hemingway destroyed significant portions of his own text. A study of this theme in the novel illuminates a crucial difference between the creativity of Catherine and the creativity of David.
A Source Text for the Opening Passage of A Farewell to Arms
Authors: Giemza Bryan
Published: June 2014

The much-remarked opening passage of A Farewell to Arms returns repeatedly to images of marching troops and falling leaves, leaves that are revisited throughout the course of the novel. The language of the leaves is evocative of Kaiser Wilhelm II’s pronouncement in August 1914 as German troops departed for the Great War: “You will be home before the leaves have fallen from the trees.” In this note, the author argues for Wilhelm’s words as a possible source by carefully examining the pattern of recurrence and documenting Hemingway’s interest in the Kaiser.