bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE POLITICAL EMPHASIS OF THE GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN ETHNIC CONFRONTATION OF THE 1918-1921 AND THE COLONIALIST NATURE OF THE SOVIET RUSSIA
Authors: MGHEBRİSHVİLİ Aleksandre
Published: June 2021

The confrontation of the Ossetians residing in Georgian territories against the Georgian population had taken intense nature during the first decade of the past century, whereas it had become seldom, that Ossetians had raided local population and conducted violent acts, which aimed at weakening the defensive capabilities of the country, dismantling the economy, destruction of the material-cultural sites, intimidation and driving to despair of the local population.It is thus worth noting that the Georgian side, on the one hand had hesitated to undertake critical measures, whereas, on the second hand, they had asked to impose some sanctions against the Ossetians.The reactive wing of the strengthened Ossetian ethno-element had started the anti-state activities and had abused the trust of the Georgian Democratic republic. The events had occurred as according the given scenario for some time, as there had been open demonstration of the aggression, they had treated the Constituent Assembly of Georgia unmannerly, had shown hostile attitude and undermined the sovereignty of the newly established republic.The government had forced to use military operations against the rebels in order to counter their illegal actions and establish order. The operation had been overseen by Giorgi Kvinitadze and Valiko Jugeli.It could be noted that the military actions of 1918-1920, which is widely known as Ossetian rebellions, was in fact actions of the Ossetian Bolsheviks backed by the Russian government, which had nothing to do with the peaceful Ossetian population’s attitudes towards Georgia, as no Ossetians residing in Georgia had taken part in the mentioned actions. Every measure taken by the Bolsheviks had aimed at weakening the Georgian statehood, which would ease the way for the Russian government to widen their sphere of interest.Despite everything, the ethnic minorities, including Ossetians, had always had a chance to develop their identity and culture. Such European values, as is tolerance and aspiration towards the freedom had always been linked to Georgia.In general, the First Democratic republic of Georgia had established itself as the state faithful to democratic values, accountable to statehood and aspired to high civic duties.
IMPACT OF THE TYPE OF MILITARY EDUCATION ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OFFICERS' SOCIAL COMPETENCE
Authors: TOLİASHVİLİ Beka , LOMSADZE Ketevan , TSKHVEDADZE Nanuli (nana)
Published: June 2021

Modern changing world has raised the issue about new interpretation of professionalism and professionals for science. Consequently, new concepts - competence and adequacy has appeared. In the context of the country's independence, the military education system has changed: military education or military training takes place according to two modules: the old (defense-oriented) and the "new" (cooperation-oriented). Accordingly, the competencies of the officers trained under these two systems should also be different according to these two accents. The aim of the study was therefore to study, describe and analyze the effects of the possible impact of the education system on the formation of psychological characteristics defining the social competence of officers trained in different military education systems, as well as the size and limits of influence. Based on hypothesis of research, the object of the research is: Self-esteem, tolerance, subjective assessment of happiness and motivation to achievement. Interviewer and testing methods were used in the study. The research tool was an integrated test questionnaire, which included: A scale to measure the feeling of happiness. The scale is formulated in the form of a single question. It is obtained by reconstructing a Fordis happiness measurement instrument. As a result of adapting to the Georgian population, the question is as follows: “In general, can you say that you are .... very happy; Quite happy; Not so happy; More unhappy; Bogdarus Scale for Tolerance for Different Groups, and Achievement Motivation Test Questionnaire (22 questions) (Dubenik N., 2009); Data were processed using SPSS, differences in validity were checked by t-test. The hypothesis of the research that the structure of the psychological characteristics of social competence of the officer's trained in the military education system based on partnership for the protection of global security and democracy should have been different from the structure of the psychological characteristics of social competence of the officer's trained in the military education system, is confirmed by the research results.
RELIEFS FROM 2th B.C. DISCOVERED IN ŞANLIURFA
Authors: ÇELİK Bahattin
Published: June 2021

During the surface surveys conducted in Şanlıurfa in recent years, a large number of reliefs dating back to the timeframe from 2 th B.C. to 1th B.C. were discovered. Dağyamacı reliefs, located 500 m east of the Harran Plain within Tek Tek Mountains region, are reliefs dating back to 2 th B.C. Said reliefs dating back to 2 th B.C. were unearthed at some quarry-like location. The location where Dağyamacı reliefs were discovered is the only limestone quarry that has been dated to 2 th B.C. in the region. Orthostatic relief sketches, embossed friezes and stone blocks extracted in the form of cubes were unearthed in the quarry located at Dağyamacı. The reliefs depict sitting figures, standing nude figures, fauna and flora motifs. These reliefs, estimated to be fabricated between the first quarter and the last quarter of 2 th B.C., present features similar in style to some artifacts previously unearthed in the region and delivered to Şanlıurfa Museum. Discovery of the rock tombs from Early Bronze Age and the relief of a lion dating to 1 th B.C. in the ancient settlement of Soğmatar located close to the Dağyamacı reliefs indicates that the region around Tek Tek Mountains has been a key region for stonemasonry since early times. The blocks of limestone from the valleys of Tek Tek Mountains should be extracted rather easily thanks to the natural slopes of the valley, and should have been transported from these valleys to the settlements established in Harran Plain. Absence of limestone resources in Harran Plain should have led to emergence of the quarries where such reliefs were fabricated in Tek Tek Mountains region. The fact that Dağyamacı reliefs are fabricated in small sizes in line with the prevailing fashion trends of the era and that such reliefs present similar features in style allows us to date such reliefs back to 2 th B.C. This study intends to introduce the reliefs from 2 th B.C. unearthed in Şanlıurfa either recently or during previous excavations.
Classifying dog breeds v1
Authors: J Andrade-Lotero Edgar , Goldstone Robert , Alejandro Velazco Garcia Javier
Published: June 2021

In this experiment we created the conditions for the emergence of a division in a cognitive task, mediated by language, instantiated in an image classification task. Participants received points for correctly labeling dogs. Accurate labeling required participants to draw distinctions between two pairs of highly confusable pairs of breeds: Norwich vs Cairn Terrier, and Irish Wolfhound vs Scottish Deerhound. Half of the participants were in a solo condition in which they had to label the breeds on their own. The other half of participants were in a paired condition in which one participant was trained to distinguish between the two terriers while the other participant was trained to distinguish between the two hounds. After training, paired participants could ask their partner whether a label was correctly assigned to a dog image that they were tasked with labeling. We were interested in how a participants’ perceived understanding of the dog breeds was affected jointly by their own independent ability to label dogs of different breeds, and by their being embedded in a dyadic micro-community in which their paired partner either did or did not know how to label breeds.
OMS Atlas OCT Spatial Mapping v2
Authors: Johnson Brett , Galipeau Danielle , Camp Todd , Thomas George
Published: June 2021

This protocol describes the procedure by which the OMS Atlas serially sections an OCT block, prepares the resulting slides and samples, and then distributes the specimens for downstream analysis.
COVİD-19 SALGINININ KÜRESELLEŞMEYE VE ULUS DEVLETLERE ETKİSİ
Authors: Aslan Seyfettin
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada literatür taraması yöntemi uygulanmış ve Covid-19 salgınının küreselleşmeye ve ulus devletlere etkisi incelenmiştir. Dünyada yaşanan salgınlardan ve özellikle Covid-19 salgınının genel anlamda insan hayatına etkilerinden söz edilmiştir. Covid-19 salgınının küreselleşmeye etkisi ve küresel sistemin ne yönde evrileceğiyle ilgili tahminlere yer verilmiştir. Covid-19 salgını sürecinde küresel sistemin önemli aktörlerinden biri olan Avrupa Birliği’nin performansı üzerinde durulmuştur.
Küresel sistemin iki önemli gücü olan ABD ve Çin’in salgına verdikleri tepkilere değinildikten sonra küresel sistemdeki yerleriyle ilgili öngörülere değinilmiştir. Covid-19 salgınından sonra ulus devletlerin uluslararası alanda artan güç ve önemleri vurgulanmıştır. Son olarak salgını sürecinde Türkiye’nin performansı genel anlamda değerlendirilmiştir.
COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ VE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SİVİL TOPLUM KURULUŞLARININ GÖZLEMLERİ VE ÇALIŞMALARI
Authors: Ünal Aslı , Koçtürk Nilüfer , Bayar Öznur
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde alınan önlemlerin halk sağlığı için gerekli olduğu ve herkes için eşitlik getirdiği alanyazında belirtilse de uzaktan çalışma, okulların kapatılması, sokağa çıkma kısıtlaması gibi önlemlerin bazı alanlardaki eşitsizlikleri derinleştirme ihtimali olduğu düşünülmektedir. Söz konusu alanlardan biri de toplumsal cinsiyettir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada sivil toplum kuruluşlarının (STK’ların) gözüyle COVID-19 pandemisinin Türkiye’deki toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğine etkisinin ve STK’ların pandemi dönemindeki ilgili çalışmalarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren 10 farklı STK’nın süreç içerisindeki deneyimleri ve çalışmaları nitel yöntem kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Ulaşılan STK’ların çalışmalarına pandemi sürecinde ara vermedikleri ve bilgilendirici, savunucu ve hizmet üretici bir misyon yüklenerek kadınlara yardımcı oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, COVID-19 döneminde STK’ların kadın çalışmalarındaki önemini ortaya koymuş olup kadınların desteklenmesine yönelik ihtiyacın sürdüğüne işaret etmektedir.
NUMBER OF FINE PARTICLES’ AND THEIR MASS CONCENTRATION: COMPARISON OF EMISSION OF NEW PRINTING TECHNOLOGY VERSUS TRADITIONAL LASER TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Paegle Linda , Martinsone Žanna , Vanadziņš Ivars , Pavlovska Ilona , Akūlova Lāsma
Published: June 2021

For many years the printers have been essential part of our offices and exposures from various printing technologies have been widely researched. The main objective of this study was to compare emitted number and mass of fine particles from laser printers and new Micro Piezo technology ink jet printers during the printing process and one hour afterwards as these emissions have potential for negative health effects.Air samples were taken with the particle size spectrometer for real-time ELPI+, Dekati (air flow rate 10 l/min). Measurements were taken ~0.5 m from the printers: one hour before the test, during printing and one hour afterwards. Similar class blackwhite (b/w) and colour printer of each technology were tested. Each printer performed a 10-page and a 100-page test  according to ECMA 328-1 Standard [1].During laser printer tests from 8324 to 19943 pt/cm3 fine particles were determined on printing phase from b/w and colour printers. Ink jet (Micro Piezo) printers produced less: from 3239 to 5247 pt/cm3. One hour after the printing phase for both types of laser printers’ there were 54722 to 152351 pt/cm3 particles in air and 4270 to 9579 pt/cm3 particles for ink jet printers. Detected particle mass differences was insignificant: in range of 0.002 to 0.012 mg/m³ for laser printers and 0.002 to 0.019 mg/m³ for ink jet printers. Micro Piezo technology printers emitted mass particles were with bigger median size μm.The highest number of particles was observed one hour after the printing for both tested printer technologies. Laser printers’ emitted 2.5 to 3.8 times more particles in printing phase and 12.8 to 15.9 times more after printing phase. Particle mass in mg/m³ was detected in the size range 6nm - 2.5 μm with no significant mass differences.
MIXING VISCOUS LIQUIDS IN SETTLING TANKS
Authors: Voroztsov Oleg , Tikhonov Sergey , Bileev Aleksandr
Published: June 2021

The study adresses the problem of maintaining the operability of settling tanks designed for storing contaminated liquids. The study provided a method of mixing of bottom sludge and a mathematical model for determining initial velocity of outflow from the flat orifice depending on physical, mechanical and rheological parameters of the bottom sludge.
CRITICAL THINKING AS GROUNDS OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE COMMUNICATION
Authors: Linina Iveta , Vevere Velga
Published: June 2021

Companies and individuals are willing to introduce the principles of social responsibility in their everyday working practices, still, in order to accomplish this and to have real gains for the company and society, the concept of social responsibility has to be understood in the broadest sense. This understanding is based on critical information processing or critical thinking.  Information can be obtained through reflection, observation, communication, experience, etc. The aim of the research is to study the factors that influence the basic principles of critical thinking formation, which are the basis of socially responsible communication. The authors employ the monographic method for charting the theoretical framework, the survey to research respondent’s’ ability to evaluate information critically and to make socially responsible decisions. As the result of research the authors conclude that development of the critical thinking competences can raise the level of social responsibility on the individual and societal level.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON METHANE OUTPUT FROM BOG SLUDGE AND CRUSHED REED RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Osipovs Sergejs , Pučkins Aleksandrs , Pupiņš Mihails , Kirilova Jeļena , Soms Juris
Published: June 2021

The research summarizes information on biochemical processes of biogas production and the parameters that affect the results of its production. The research examines the result of obtaining biogas from bog sludge and a mixture of crushed reed. Particular attention is given to temperature, as a parameter that affects the results of methane and biogas production.The yield of biogas and methane during the bioprocess depends on the effect of temperature. During the experiment, 2.78 L of biogas with an average methane content of 38.7% was obtained from a mixture of bog sludge and crushed reeds. If the content of organic compounds in the sludge was higher, the biogas yield would increase during the process. It is more advantageous to use the raw material mixture for biogas production.
PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT AS A CONDITION OF INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF AGRO-PROCESSING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Zhyluk Yahor , Znotina Daina , Lisichonak Alena
Published: June 2021

The authors systematized approaches to the essence of the categories “product competitiveness”, “enterprise competitiveness”, “field competitiveness”, “regional competitiveness” and “country competitiveness”. The authors formulated the definition of competitiveness. The approaches to the classification of competitiveness factors are systematized. The authors’ classification of factors was developed. The authors have proved that the main factor in the competitiveness of enterprises is raw materials. Obtaining raw materials by the enterprise is carried out through procurement. Thus, the management of procurement of goods, having the largest share in the cost of the final product, is the main factor affecting the competitiveness of the enterprise. The authors have systematized approaches to characterizing the essence, goals and objectives of procurement management and to the classification of purchases. The authors’ definition of procurement management and the composition of its principles are proposed. The mechanisms of influence on the management of procurement and processing enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are investigated on the example of the open joint-stock company “Pukhovichi Plant of Grain Products” (Belarus). Possible ways to improve the procurement management of the studied organization are proposed. The recommendations proposed by the authors can be used by other organizations of the processing industry of the agro-industrial complex.
ETHICAL DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Zorins Aleksejs , Grabusts Peteris
Published: June 2021

The paper discovers an essence and importance of introduction of ethical dimension in all phases of artificial intelligence (AI): development of concept and source code, implementation in real-life applications and support and improvement of existing solutions. Modern society largely depends on cybertechnologies most of which are using elements of AI and ethical aspects of it is of paramount importance.
FUZZY ROBUST ESTIMATES OF LOCATION AND SCALE PARAMETERS OF A FUZZY RANDOM VARIABLE
Authors: Uzhga Rebrov Oleg , Kuleshova Galina
Published: June 2021

A random variable is a variable whose components are random values. To characterise a random variable, the arithmetic mean is widely used as an estimate of the location parameter, and variation as an estimate of the scale parameter. The disadvantage of the arithmetic mean is that it is sensitive to extreme values, outliers in the data. Due to that, to characterise random variables, robust estimates of the location and scale parameters are widely used: the median and median absolute deviation from the median. In real situations, the components of a random variable cannot always be estimated in a deterministic way. One way to model the initial data uncertainty is to use fuzzy estimates of the components of a random variable. Such variables are called fuzzy random variables. In this paper, we examine fuzzy robust estimates of location and scale parameters of a fuzzy random variable: fuzzy median and fuzzy median of the deviations of fuzzy component values from the fuzzy median.
WEB-TECHNOLOGIES AND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS IN THE TRAINING OF PROFESSIONALS IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM
Authors: Korol Alona , Blashkova Olena , Kravchenko Viktoriia , Khilya Anna
Published: June 2021

Contemporary technologies of training specialists in different professions envisage mastering the skills of a 'quality user' of computer technologies. At the same time, the issues of training primary school teachers, specialists in inclusive and remedial education to use more complex multimedia systems with the need to understand programming processes have often been excluded from basic courses as an 'unnecessary' component.But considering the current trends towards distance education, the “rejuvenation” of 'advanced users' and the need to maintain a educator's reputation, the trend towards introducing such systemic courses in the training process for specialists in primary, inclusive and correctional education has become a kind of concept for professional competence. It was based on the needs of today's teachers to transfer knowledge through multimedia systems (creating interactive databases, web pages, blogs or websites, preparing and conducting WebQuests, using computer games from producers or their own development through the platforms Wordwall, Etreniki, Flippity and Scratch programmes, etc.) that became the deciding factor for introducing specific topics on their use into training courses and expanding basic programmes of computer competency. Also, the training process began to include interaction with the training audience through social media. This multi-component work to develop a «modern/advanced» teacher provides the basis not only for improving the quality of the educational process, but also for its individualization according to the needs of each participant and his/her special educational needs, allowing to change the complexity of tasks, the saturation of tasks with audiovisual information.
GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATION AND INTERNET RESPONSES: PROFILE OF PRIME MINISTER KRIŠJĀNIS KARIŅŠ IN SELECTED DIGITAL MEDIA USERS’ COMMENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Kleinberga Vineta
Published: June 2021

Perceptions play a pivotal role in assessment of efficiency of government communication. Informed by the strategic narrative conceptual framework this study looks at perception of government communication in Internet comments during three essential dates in conquering the COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia: introduction of emergency situations on March 12 and November 6, 2020, and introduction of a curfew on December 29, 2020. The study uncovers how often and how the main spokesperson in government communication – the Prime Minister of Latvia Krišjānis Kariņš – is framed in comments of three online news media in Latvia (Apollo, Delfi, Tvnet) in Latvian and Russian. Using a digital tool for online comments analysis - the Index of Internet Aggressiveness (IIA), a data set is created of 244 comments, containing a key word “Kariņš” in various cases in Latvian and Russian. Qualitative content analysis is applied to extract and to compare the frequency of appearance and the framing of Kariņš over the course of the pandemic in Latvia. The findings reveal that Kariņš appears in comments significantly more after news in Latvian than in Russian, and has been commented five times more in Delfi than in Tvnet and Apollo together. The comments in Latvian are more aggressive than in Russian, and their emotional tone increases towards the end of 2020. In majority of comments the framing is negative involving attributes of irresponsibility, superficiality, indecisiveness and danger; yet positively framed rigidity and decisiveness of Kariņš can be observed too.IIA is an online comment analysis tool, incorporating a machine learning program, which analyses users’ comments on news on online news sites according to pre-selected keywords to grasp the commenters’ verbal aggressiveness. In March 2021 the IIA data set consists of ~25.08 million comments; ~ 616.62 million word usage in written commenting and ~ 1357.40 thousand news.
ECOLOGICAL WORLDVIEW FORMATION OF ENGINEERING STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING
Authors: Starovoitova Maria , Vodneva Svetlana , Klets Tatyana , Nikiforova Elena , Presnyakova Nadezhda
Published: June 2021

The educational space of a non-linguistic university makes it possible to conduct a purposeful process of forming the ecological worldview and culture of future specialists in the logic of their professional development. According to the authors, the eco-oriented content of teaching a foreign language can make a great contribution to the implementation of this mission due to the great general cultural and educational potential of this discipline. The paper offers a comprehensive theoretical substantiation of the problem under study, reveals the essence, structure and methodology of the ecological worldview formation of engineering students. The authors make an attempt to model the educational process on the basis of interactive pedagogical technologies, the use of which allows students of non-linguistic areas to solve communicative problems on the basis of environmental topics. The totality of data obtained as a result of the experimental work carried out by the authors confirms the effectiveness of students’ ecological worldview formation through the inclusion of environmental-oriented content in the system of language training at the university.
APPLE AND PEAR SCAB ONTOLOGY
Authors: Zarembo Imants , Teilāns Artis , Bartulsons Toms , Sokolova Olga , Litavniece Lienīte , Nikolajeva Anna
Published: June 2021

An important issue in horticulture is ensuring plant disease, such as scab, prevention and treatment. Apple and pear are among the most widely grown (approximately 43% of all fruit tree area [1]) and economically important fruit crops specified worldwide and in Latvia. Scab diseases caused by ascomycetous fungi Venturia inaequalis and V.pyrina are economically the most important diseases worldwide. Research projects have produced research data covering various aspects of plant-pathogen interactions, but there is no internal linkage analysis, as well as implementation of other types of data (such as environmental and meteorological data, etc.). Establishing such a data integration system would allow the identification of new regularities in plant-pathogen interactions, and provide mechanisms for disease control decisions. Semantic analysis is one of information technology approaches to finding relationships in data. The product of analysis is ontology. There are plant disease ontologies which provide classification of diseases and describe their reasons. However, there is no ontology which describes a specific plant and relations among its farming parameters and disease probability. Such an ontology for apple and pear scab is presented in this paper. The constructed ontology can be applied to develop guidelines or digital expert systems.
EDUCATIONAL MODEL FOR CROSS-GENERATIONAL COLLABORATION
Authors: Głębocki Rafał , Gil Alina , Nowacka Urszula , Górna Joanna , Kowalczyk-Gnyp Monika
Published: June 2021

The paper's considerations relate to an Erasmus+ project called Generation: Smart. Social Competences Transmedia Bridge To Cultivate A New Culture For Cross-Generational Collaboration. The consortium agreed that due to profound changes in the contemporary Network Societies, people of various generations have to collaborate. However, it is a complex issue due to the divergent life purposes of different aged people. Thus, the project's targeted group, i.e., educators who support adult learners, should be equipped with an educational model that constitutes a solution to this situation. The assumption was that such a model is to include social competences enabling the processes of cross-generational collaboration. Information technology transmedia blend is supposed to bridge the gap between generations. In the paper, we present an overlook of the research that focuses on developing such a framework model. The research features triangulation, which means the analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. It is structured in three parts. The first one deals with the statistical embracement of the social environment in which the cross-generational collaboration occurs in project partner countries. It is quantitative desk research that utilizes Eurostat information. It is worth pointing out that the research is in statu nascendi. In two consecutive parts, the researchers want to acknowledge the cross-generational collaboration in working life and everyday life. Here, the survey method and the questionnaire interview technique serve as the qualitative research method. Two research groups are to be reached: entrepreneurs and the Third Age Universities' participants. The results of the above two stages will be known after the publication of this paper. Nonetheless, a proto-model recommendation is presented along with educational conclusions on how to use the model. The concept is based on the prior partners' analysis and design work.
POWER UNIT FOR POWER SUPPLY OF AN AUTONOMOUS FACILITY HAVING ABILITY TO CONNECT TO GENERAL INDUSTRIAL POWER SUPPLY IN RECUPERATIVE MICROGENERATION MODE
Authors: Khitrov Alexander , Khitrov Andrei , Loginov Sergey , Domracheva Yuliya , Veselkov Evgeniy
Published: June 2021

Fundamental and exploratory research in the field of energetics and rational nature management is currently focused on getting results in the field of the effective development and functioning of energy systems. Such systems are based on modern electrical equipment, including electrical machines and controlled power converters (active rectifiers and regenerative units (AC/DC), direct voltage converters (DC/DC), inverters (DC/AC)), conventional and non-traditional electric power based on renewable energy sources (RES).The Program of basic research in the Russian Federation on a long-term period (2021-2030 years) comprises the actual problems of development of energy supply, energy efficiency, renewable and alternative sources in industry and agriculture, including the issues of production technology, of conversion and storage of electric power.Electric power from the renewable energy sources requires its continuous correction, equalization and buffering i.e. a control system for the system operating modes.The paper presents a project of the power unit that provides both autonomous and traditional operation of a power plant having the possibility of recuperating electrical energy into the network. The structure and the composition of such a power unit is proposed, basic control strategies for an autonomous power generating plant having a capacity of up to 15 kW, operating from the variable low speed engine, also having the other sources of alternative energy with the possibility of power accumulation are considered.
ON THE TURBULENCE IN A VISCOUS HEAT-CONDUCTING GAS
Authors: Voronkov Sergey , Safronov Pavel , Dementiev Alexander , Frolova Olga , Bugaeva Tatiana
Published: June 2021

The problem of the emergence of turbulence is one of the unsolved problems of physics and technology of the 20th century. It is noted that in order to understand the emergence of turbulence in a viscous heat-conducting gas, it is necessary to take into account the compressibility of the medium. A definition of turbulence in a viscous heat-conducting gas is given, which is a cyclically repeating process of the emergence and decay of coherent vortex structures described by a vector wave equation. The decay of vortex structures is accompanied by an explosive, asymptotic increase in pressure pulsations, which triggers a new cycle of turbulence generation. The emergence and decay of coherent vortex structures in the boundary layer on a plate and in a round jet is considered.
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN THE CONTEXT OF ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARING CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: Kravtsov Alexander , Vukolov Konstantin , Plokhov Igor , Savraev Igor , Loginov Sergei
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the application of neural network methods and genetic algorithms in solving problems of controlling an electric drive of an active magnetic suspension. The method of rolling moment for eliminating an imbalance is considered. The scheme of the neural network controller and the curves of the transients in the open single-mass electromechanical system and in the system c of the neurocontrollers are presented.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT WITH PHOTODIODE IN DIFFERENT OPERATING MODES
Authors: Pulov Dimcho , Karadzhov Tsanko
Published: June 2021

A method for contactless temperature measurement with photodetectors in different operating modes has been developed. It is based on the periodic change of the spectral sensitivity of the photodiode depending on the applied reverse voltage. This is accomplished by switching the photodiode within one measurement from photovoltaic to photoconductive  mode. For this purpose, the scheme of the respective electronic key has been developed.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF BURSTINESS ON THE SERVICE PROCESS AT THE CASH REGISTER
Authors: Hartleb Detlef , Ahrens Andreas , Zascerinska Jelena
Published: June 2021

The service process is the key phase in any queue system applied to business and industry operations. The service process in shops is defined as the payment process at the cash register. The service process consists of two elements or sub-processes: the waiting in the queue to the cash register as well as the payment processing (scanning the goods, giving receipts to customers, etc). Analysis of burstiness as the indicator of the service process has been well-established. Against this background on burstiness as the indicator of the service process, burstiness is also defined as a factor that influences the service process. However, burstiness as a factor in the service process has not attracted a lot of research attention. The aim of this paper is to analyse burstiness as a factor in the service process underpinning the elaboration of scenarios of the service process for the queue management purposes. The present work mostly employs theoretical methods: scientific literature analysis, synthesis, modelling, comparison, and systematization. The theoretical research results in the outline of the conceptual framework for exploring the impact of burstiness on the service process. The key concepts have been identified, namely binary customer behaviour, buyers’ burstiness, bottlenecks’ emergence at the server, and queue management. The logical chain of the development has been emphasized: binary customer behaviour → buyers’ burstiness → bottlenecks’ emergence at the check-out station or cash register (server) → queue management. The presented logical chain allows finding out that buyers’ burstiness leads to the queue appearance in the service process. In turn, queue appearance requires queue management measures. Hence, buyers’ burstiness influences on the decisions in regard to queue management within the service process. Further on, two functions of buyers’ burstiness are defined: the indicators of the service process, and the factor that influences the service process. This bi-modal role of buyers’ burstiness in the service process highlights the complex nature of the queue management. Five scenarios of the service process will allow using a combination of queue management measures in each scenario or even between scenarios. The findings of the comparative study propose the structure of the service process as the unity of the waiting in the queue to the cash register and the payment processing at the cash register, i.e. scanning of the goods and the payment. The present research has some limitations. Further research tends to validate the model of five scenarios of the service process for the queue management purposes. Comparative studies on buyers’ burstiness in the service process will be continued, too.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE NUMBER OF REPETITIONS ON THE PROCESS OF LASER MARKING OF HS6-5-2-5 STEEL
Authors: Lazov Lyubomir , Angelov Nikolay , Teirumnieks Edmunds
Published: June 2021

Today, methods for marking parts and components in industrial production are constantly improving, and they must meet several basic criteria for active traceability by consumers. The parameter that is of paramount importance for the quality of the marking is related to the contrast of the marked sign or QR code. To achieve optimal contrast, a number of technological factors and the functional relationships between them must be taken into account.The report examines the role of the number of repetitions on contrast in raster marking of HS6-5-2-5 tool steel products. The dependences of the number of repetitions on the speed and frequency are also taken into account - the main factors in the process of laser ablation. Graphs of the depth of the marking are drawn depending on the number of repetitions and the linear density of the pulses. The experiments were made with a fiber laser. By the performed analyses the working intervals of processing between the studied factors are deduced, allowing to achieve the desired optimal result.
INCREASE OF INDICATORS OF VEHICLES’ SMOOTH RUNNING BY INTERNAL SUSPENSION OF WHEELS
Authors: Timofeev Vladimir , Enaev Alexander , Dmitrieva Anna , Seleznev Evgeniy , Klets Tatyana
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the relevance of increasing the smoothness of the movement of vehicles, and also substantiates the feasibility of using internal suspension of wheels in conjunction with a suspension and as an independent system.
INFLUENCE OF VEHICLE SUSPENSION PARAMETERS ON ITS BRAKING PROPERTIES
Authors: Dmitrieva Anna , Enaev Alexander , Timofeev Vladimir , Seleznev Evgeny , Klets Tatyana
Published: June 2021

The paper focuses on the study of the performance of elastic and damping parameters of the car suspension. The problem of arising vibrations of the sprung and unsprung vehicle masses on the braking process is considered. The article presents theoretical models of vehicle braking taking into account the oscillations of the vehicle's sprung masses. The research results will make it possible to establish the relationship between the suspension parameters and the estimated parameters of braking properties, to supplement the "driver - car - road" system, and also to more accurately assess the active safety of vehicles associated with braking dynamics.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPTIMAL DESIGN OF MANUAL GARDEN FORK WITH THE ABILITY TO QUICKLY CLEAN THE WORKING SURFACE
Authors: Voiku Ivan
Published: June 2021

Manual garden tools help a lot with different types of work with soil: digging, removing roots and weeds, harvesting root crops and bulbs, and much more would be much more difficult if it were not for the forks. This tool has a wide range of features. There are many varieties of this tool differing in shapes and sizes: manure, harvesting, hay, flower, pointed, fork-shovel, telescopic, digging, ball-pointed. A common problem for all manual garden forks is clogging of the tines. This reduces the productivity of those who use them. Attempts are constantly being made to solve the problem of quick cleaning of the tines of manual garden forks. Many technical solutions to this problem are patented and are actively used in practice. The employee of the FSBEI of Higher Education “Pskov State University” has developed a manual self-cleaning fork. The design of the manual self-cleaning fork consists of a handle and a frame with many elongated spaced tines, which is fixed at one end of the handle, as well as a cleaning plate that is fixed to the movable handle, and a spring located on top of the handle inside the movable handle. The movable handle has lateral longitudinal grooves. The movable handle provides movement of the cleaning plate relative to the handle, and, consequently, compression and releasing of the spring. The overall dimensions of the proposed device are accepted according to the existing standards for such structures. The principle of operation of the proposed device: during the operation of the fork, the cleaning plate is pressed against the frame by spring force. Cleaning of the tines is made by a cleaning plate, which is moved along the tines. To do this, the user withdraws the movable handle, overcoming the resistance of the spring. By doing so, the frame passes through the longitudinal grooves and serves as one guide for the movable handle, and the handle serves as the second guide. The fork returns to its original state by releasing the spring after the user releases the movable handle. The main technical result of the proposed device is an increase in the operational characteristics of the fork, reduction in the time and effort spent on cleaning of the tines.
METHODS FOR OBTAINING SILVER NANOPARTICLES - A REVIEW.
Authors: Ghalot Risham Singh , Lazov Lyubomir
Published: June 2021

Silver has been part of active medical use for treatment and disinfection from ages, even in the present times. Particularly relevant today is the question of the effect of silver nanoparticles on bacteria and viruses, including against COVID-19. The study reviews distinct methods for producing silver nanoparticles. The comparison and preferences of different methods based on their classification and features are reviewed. The main goal of this study is to reveal the top-notch method and their benefits and prospects of the possibilities of the method - laser ablation, as a cost-effective and environment friendly technology for generating silver nanoparticles in an aqueous environment. The method of Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid for obtaining nanoparticles is explained in detail. The paper is divided into several main parts, starting with a briefing on silver and its nanoparticles and is followed by various methods for their production.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND NUMERICAL MODELLING FOR FLEXURAL CAPACITY OF FRC STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Authors: Bleive Liva Luize , Lusis Vitalijs
Published: June 2021

Concrete reinforced by short steel fibres is typical brittle matrix composite, in which fibres are impeding cracks growth, such way increasing material’s tensile strength. The use of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) in structures with high physical and mechanical characteristics makes possible to reduce their weight and cost, to simplify their production technology, to reduce or eliminate reinforcement labour, at the same time increasing reliability and durability. Randomly distributed discontinuous fibres are bridging the crack’s flanks providing material’s “ductility”- like non-linear behaviour at cracking stage. The current study is focused on one formulation of a specific type of concrete matrix with added fibres and without fibres. Concrete cubes and prisms without fibres and having in every situation the same content of 60 mm long fibres were fabricated. Cubes (100×100×100 mm) were tested in compression and beams (100×100×400 mm prisms) were tested under four-point bending (4PBT). Fracture process (crack growth) in the material was modelled, based on experimental results (part of experimental data was used). Finite element method (FEM) using the ANSYS program analysis were realized modelling stress distributions in the broken beams with the goal to predict fracture process. Model’s prediction was validated.
Modeling the activities of medical organizations in the evacuation direction
Authors: Bolgarev Dmitriy V. , Borisov Dmitriy N.
Published: June 2021

Increasingly, in various spheres of activity, specialists of management bodies use simulation tools to optimize the work of medical organizations of different levels and directions. It should be noted that in the available literature no information was found on the use of the described method for modeling the process of providing medical care simultaneously in several objects of the medical service with a description of their interaction. Simulation modeling makes it possible to assess the load both on individual stages and on the entire evacuation direction before the direct involvement of the forces and means of the medical service. The aim of the study was to create a system for analyzing and visualizing data used to optimize decision-making on the distribution of forces and means of the medical service in the evacuation direction using simulation modeling. We used literature data, schemes for deploying the stages of medical evacuation, timing of treatment and evacuation measures, the power and structure of the flows of the wounded and sick. Simulation modeling was carried out in the Anylogic software. The discrete-event model is built on the basis of the mathematical apparatus and calculation tasks that are used to assess the time indicators of the implementation of medical and evacuation measures. These include such parameters as the start time of medical care, the average waiting time for the provision of medical care to the wounded and sick in the queue, and other parameters. The simulation model makes it possible to display information about the load on individual units or stages, which makes it possible to quickly assess the total load on the direction and make a decision on the transfer of forces and means of the medical service to a more loaded section of the evacuation direction. The introduction of simulation modeling into the activities of the medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation will make it possible to efficiently control the quality of medical and evacuation measures in the entire evacuation direction (4 figures, 1 table, bibliography: 15 refs).
Antibacterial effects of peptides synthesized based on the sequence of ribosome protein S1
Authors: Kurpe S.R. , Grishin S.Yu. , Glyakina A.V. , Slizen M.V. , Panfilov A.V. , Kochetov A.P. , Surin A.K. , Kobyakova M.I. , Fadeev R.S. , Galzitskaya O.V.
Published: June 2021

Antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a topical problem on a global scale. Sometimes vigorous human activity leads to an increase in the number of bacteria carrying resistance genes in the environment. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and similar compounds are potential candidates for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Previously, we proposed and successfully tested on Thermus thermophilus a new mechanism of AMP action. This mechanism of directed coaggregation is based on the interaction of a peptide capable of forming fibrils with a target protein. In this work, we discuss the criteria for choosing a target for the targeted action of AMP, describe the features of the “parental” S1 ribosomal proteins T. thermophilus and Escherichia coli and the studied peptides using bioinformatic analysis methods, assess the antimicrobial effect of the synthesized peptides on a model organism of E. coli and cytotoxicity on cells of human fibroblasts. The obtained results will be important for the creation of new AMPs for pathogenic organisms.
Proton pump inhibitors: An incisive review
Authors: Singh Lovepreet , Kanwar Kapil , Singh Ajeet Pal
Published: June 2021

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were clinically introduced a few years ago and have since become an important, safe, and successful treatment for a variety of corrosive-related issues. To specifically overcome these limitations, longer-acting PPIs and innovation to draw out ordinary PPI action have been created, which may improve clinical outcomes. PPIs are identified by their pharmacokinetic properties, digestion, and clinical indications that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Antidepressant effects of natural and micropropagated Bacopa monnieri (L.) plant extracts
Authors: Tamboli Firoj A , Rangari Vinod D , More Harinath N , Kutwade Vijay H , Patil Vivek M
Published: June 2021

Linn. an important medicinal plant in Indian system of alternative medicine belonging to Scrophulariaceae family. It is distributed in the wet and marshy lands throughout India, Nepal and many other parts of world. This study was carried out to evaluate the natural and micropropagated plant extract for antidepressant activity.

Antidepressant effects of natural and micropropagated plant extract was evaluated by spontaneous motor activity. All the extracts were administered 30 min prior to the test. The standard drug chlorpromazine (2mg/kg) was used. The locomotor activity was performed using an actophotometer after different doses of test drug.

Result: The locomotor activity of control and treated mice were recorded and statistically correlated among the control, standard and the test drugs. The inhibition of spontaneous motor activity in case of BMN, BMS extract was found 291, 93.5 and 277, 93.66 count at interval of 30 and 60 min. respectively. But in case of BMM plant extract it was found 290, 87.33 and 146 count at 30, 60 and 120 min. interval respectively so results showed that a significant antidepressant-like effect at a dose of 100 mg/kg. It can be used as adjuvant therapy for depression.

There was statistically highly significant (p value <0.001) association observed. Further evaluation on the different mechanisms of action of ethanolic extracts of natural and micropropagated plant needs to be studied in the future.