bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I’ve never been asked”: Community perspectives on involvement in genomics research
Authors: Russo Fiona , Sherburn Isabella , Finlay Keri , Nunn Jack , Ferrie Monica , McKenzie Anne , Murray Sean , Cannings John , Pratt Greg , Boughtwood Tiffany
Published: May 2024

There is increasing global support from governments and other funding bodies for community involvement (CI) in research, alongside a scientific and moral imperative for responsible and ethical research practice. 90% of Australian patient-led organisations in rare diseases have clearly articulated research priorities, indicating a desire among people affected by disease to be involved in research that impacts their communities. Philanthropic research, which is likely to have predominantly community-minded priorities, is worth over AU$1 billion annually and increased more than 100% between 2007 and 2017. This research aimed to understand public perspectives on CI in health-related research activities, and to inform the development of guidelines for genomic researchers to improve this. A 37-question survey was distributed to 1,206 members of the Australian public by Dynata. The survey was co-designed by the Involve Australia working group of community members within Australian Genomics. Key themes emerging from the survey data that impact potential involvement were low community confidence to contribute, a limited understanding of CI, roles and recognition, trust and governance of data, perceived trustworthiness of research funders, and barriers and enablers related to time and personal resources. A variety of motivations for involvement were also stated. Members of the Australian public are interested in research involvement, however the differences between involvement and participation is poorly understood and a variety of barriers still exist. Researchers must actively reach out into community and offer opportunities to engage with research and identify community priorities.
Digital nursing schedule outcomes: systematic review
Authors: Peršolja Melita , Svetlin Anton Grmšek
Published: May 2024

Background With the development of informatics in nursing and the advancement of modern technologies, handwriting a schedule on paper has become an obsolete practice. The introduction of electronic timetables in nursing is a measure of the digitalization of nursing, with many different outcomes for both patients and nurses, which can be either positive or negative. The purpose of this literature review is to identify the evidence of the outcomes of digitalization of schedules in nursing. Methods The method used was a systematic review of the literature in electronic databases: CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane Library, PubMed, ScienceDirect, JSTOR and SpringerLink. Seventy-four relevant literature items were identified according to the aim and objective of the study. Results Eleven studies published between 2015 and 2024 were evaluated and critically analysed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist: four systematic literature reviews; three case studies; three quasi-experimental methods and one quantitative descriptive method. Conclusions The literature on electronic schedules in nursing shows a variety of positive and negative impacts on nurses, patients and healthcare organizations. The introduction of electronic schedules in nursing is mainly a positive measure which, if appropriately implemented, leads to better patient health outcomes and increased job satisfaction among nurses.
Development of an offshore ground motion prediction equation considering path effects based on S-net data
Authors: Nakanishi Ryo , Takemura Shunsuke
Published: May 2024

Ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) in offshore regions are important for not only earthquake early warning but also evaluating the durability of subsea structures and tsunami risk associated with seafloor slope failures. Since the ground conditions and propagation path effects differ between onshore and offshore areas, it is desirable to develop a GMPE specific to the seafloor. Previous models have some problems, such as the influence of buried observation equipment and path effects. In this study, to predict the distribution of seafloor seismic acceleration, a new GMPE was regressed on the peak ground acceleration (PGA) data of S-net using minimum necessary seismic parameters as explanatory variables. The path effects through the offshore area were emphasized from the residual analysis by the conventional GMPE and were corrected by the depth up to the plate boundary. The new model successfully predicted PGA with smaller errors compared to conventional onshore and offshore GMPEs. The residuals between the observed and predicted PGAs were used to examine the factors responsible for the effects of the S-net site conditions. The new GMPE can obtain PGAs within 300 km of the epicenter from the moment magnitude (Mw 5.4–7.4), focal depth, focal type, and source distance. In this model, the distance attenuation is smaller than in conventional models, and consequently, the PGAs along the trench axis amplified due to path effects are reproduced. This means that the PGA is unexpectedly large even at the point far from the hypocenter when considering slope failure and earthquake resistance assessments.
Characterizing the Evolution of Lesion, Penumbra and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in a Photothrombotic Juvenile Rat Stroke Model Using MRI and Histology
Authors: Domi Trish , Honarvar Faraz , Sare Daniel , Slim Mahmoud , Dlamini Nomazulu , Kassner Andrea
Published: May 2024

Background: Pediatric stroke is a significant cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. The clinical research in this field bears certain limitations that do not exist in the pre-clinical setting. In pre-clinical research, experimental models of ischemic stroke show differences in lesion evolution and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability between adult and neonatal rats. However, little is known about these factors in the juvenile stage.
Aims: To characterize the evolution of the lesion, penumbra and degree of BBB permeability in a photothrombotic ring model of juvenile stroke.
Methods: The design is a mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional study. In 14 Sprague Dawley juvenile rats (weight 130-189 g), lesion, penumbra volume and blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage were measured longitudinally on days 0, 2, and 7 following photothrombotic stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques were conducted to measure lesion and penumbra volumes (T2-weighted imaging [T2] and water restriction (diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI]) and BBB leaking (with dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging [DCE]). Histology was performed to confirm stroke (n=9) with Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining (TTC); (n=3) for Haemotoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining; and (n=9) Evans Blue (EB) staining to assess BBB permeability.
Results: We found the penumbra volume to be larger and better delineated on MRI and histology in the acute compared to the subacute and chronic stages, and the lesion to be smaller in volume, increasing over time following same time trajectory. The BBB was most compromised at the hyperacute stage (day 0) and decreasingly, yet persistently, disrupted to day 7.
Conclusions: Our in vivo and ex vivo findings provide insight into the evolution of stroke and could serve as a study model to test blood-brain barrier stabilization agents in the pediatric setting.
Transcranial direct current stimulation-mediated miR-298-5p downregulation enhances autophagy by targeting LC3 to promote motor recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Pan Qinhe , Chen Jianmin , Zuo Weifeng , Li Xiaolu , LiuFu chun , Tang Yun , Gui Yuchang , Wang Kewen , Xu Senming , Xu JianWen
Published: May 2024

While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to contribute to motor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI), the underlying mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. In the present study, we sought to explore whether tDCS can inhibit apoptosis, activate autophagy, and promote functional recovery. To achieve this aim, SCI was induced in rats using a modified Allen’s method and managed with tDCS. MicroRNAs responding to tDCS administration were detected using microRNA sequencing and validated using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Dual-luciferase reporter analysis and miRNA overexpression were applied to verify the possible mechanisms of tDCS regulation. Stimulation of PC12 cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to simulate SCI models in vitro allowed for the detection of the effect of miR-298-5p on neuronal apoptosis and autophagy induced by SCI. The findings revealed that miR-298-5p was upregulated after SCI and decreased after tDCS. In vitro, miR-298-5p silencing was found to promote autophagy and reduce apoptosis in SCI, whereas miR-298-5p overexpression was associated with enhanced SCI-induced neuronal injury. LC3 was demonstrated to be the functional target of miR-298-5p, and tDCS was found to enhance autophagy flux, reduce neuronal apoptosis, improve nerve fiber regeneration, and minimize motor deficits after SCI in vivo. However, all tDCS-induced effects were counteracted after overexpression of miR-298-5p by agomir. In conclusion, this study shows that while miR-298-5p could be detrimental to SCI, tDCS can increase autophagy flux and inhibit neuronal apoptosis by negatively regulating miR-98-5p, thereby improving the recovery of motor function in SCI.
CoCo-ST: Comparing and Contrasting Spatial Transcriptomics data sets using graph contrastive learning
Authors: Wu Jia , Aminu Muhammad , Zhu Bo , Vokes Natalie , Chen Hong , Hong Lingzhi , Li Jianrong , Fujimoto Junya , Poteete Alissa , Nilsson Monique , Li Xiuning , Cascone Tina , Jaffray David , Navin Nicholas , Byers Lauren , Gibbons Don , Heymach John , Chen Ken , Cheng Chao , Zhang Jianjun , Yang Yuqui , Wang Tao , Wang Bo
Published: May 2024

Traditional feature dimension reduction methods have been widely used to uncover biological patterns or structures within individual spatial transcriptomics data. However, these methods are designed to yield feature representations that emphasize patterns or structures with dominant high variance, such as the normal tissue spatial pattern in a precancer setting. Consequently, they may inadvertently overlook patterns of interest that are potentially masked by these high-variance structures. Herein we present our graph contrastive feature representation method called CoCo-ST (Comparing and Contrasting Spatial Transcriptomics) to overcome this limitation. By incorporating a background data set representing normal tissue, this approach enhances the identification of interesting patterns in a target data set representing precancerous tissue. Simultaneously, it mitigates the influence of dominant common patterns shared by the background and target data sets. This enables discerning biologically relevant features crucial for capturing tissue-specific patterns, a capability we showcased through the analysis of serial mouse precancerous lung tissue samples.
Clinical features and prognostic risk factors of different gender with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Yu Yun-Xia , Feng Jing-Jing , Shi Tian-yun , Shi Jin-dong , Du Yong , Li Jun-qing , Jie Zhi-jun
Published: May 2024

Objective: The aim of this retrospective case control study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and the outcomes of acute excerbations of chronic obstuctive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients between different gender.
Methods: We aim to collect the first hospitalization patients who were diagnosed as AECOPD between 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021 from the general ward and intensive care unit in the hole hospital, Shanghai the Fifith Peoples Hospital, Fudan University. Demographic data, initial clinical symptoms, on admission vital signs, comorbidities, laboratory tests and imaging examination, treatment and the follow-up were compared between the two groups.
Results:The patients were followed up for 30 days, 90 days, 180 days after the discharge from the hospital, all these difference were not statistically significant in hospital readmissions and mortality(P＞0.05). The multivariate analysis incorporated seven factors according to the results of the univariate regression analysis, The results showed that readmission was independently associated with increased course of disease(P=0.032), combined with chronic pulmonary heart disease(P=0.011) , and combined with peptic ulcer(P=0.044). Conversely, gender were not retained(P=0.304).
Conclusion: The short-term readmission was independently associated with increased course of disease, combined with chronic pulmonary heart disease, and combined with peptic ulcer but not with sex.
Comparison of anterior segment parameters, corneal endothelial cell density, and coefficient of variation in COVID-19 and healthy groups
Authors: Shandiz Javad Heravian , Majd Amir Etemadi , Moghaddam Hadi Ostadi , Khorasani Abbas Azimi , Safari Rahim , Jamali Jamshid
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This research aimed to compare the anterior segment parameters, the corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), and the coefficient of variation (CV) of endothelial cells in COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals.Methods: A total of 34 cases and 34 healthy individuals were included in this study. The patient group had a history of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. The participants underwent full optometric examinations on their right eye, which included, autorefractometry, retinoscopy, ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp, and examinations with specular microscope and Pentacam devices. The same procedures were carried out on the right eyes of healthy individuals, and the results were contrasted. Both the infected group and the healthy group had also received vaccinations.Results: The average corneal ECD was 311.76±2503.78 in the patient group and 276.65±2831.72 in the healthy group, which indicated a significant decrease in the patient group, compared to the healthy group. There was a significant difference in the ECD between the two groups (P<0.001). Moreover, the CV of cells was 36.63 in the healthy group and 37 in the patient group, which was increased. No significant differences were observed in the other anterior segment parameters, such as the central corneal thickness, anterior chamber angle, keratometry, corneal horizontal diameter, and pupil diameter (P>0.05).Conclusion: Individuals who have previously overcome COVID-19 experienced a reduction in the corneal ECD and an increase in cell CV, as revealed by tests using a specular microscope and Pentacam devices. These findings could contribute to our comprehension of the systemic impacts of COVID-19 on the body.
Thrombocytopenia Secondary to Hydroxychloroquine Intake Mimicking Dengue Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Aamir Raveeha , Razzaque Muhammad Raheel Abdul , Chavarria Yeny , Arif Aabiya , Memon Hamadullah
Published: May 2024

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is utilized for the prevention and treatment of acute malaria attacks, and management of, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and primary Sjögren syndrome. Common side effects of hydroxychloroquine encompass anorexia, diarrhea, and nausea. Other manifestations include exanthema, hyperpigmentation, photodynamic reaction, retinopathy and rarely psychosis and auditory impairment [1]. Here, we describe the case of a 63-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with an eight-day history of fever, body aches, and bilateral leg pain. The patient had a three-year history of rheumatoid arthritis and was self-medicating with hydroxychloroquine. Recent complete blood counts (CBC) revealed a downward trend in platelet (PLT) count, and a deranged Liver Function Test (LFT). The patient received oral and intravenous (IV) treatment, which led to an improvement in her platelet count. This case report seeks to contribute to the sparse literature concerning patients who present with hydroxychloroquine-induced thrombocytopenia.
Arctic Sea Ice Volume decline uncertainties reduced using Passive Microwave-based Sea Ice Thickness
Authors: Soriot Clement , Vancoppenolle Martin , Prigent Catherine , Jimenez Carlos , Frappart Frédéric
Published: May 2024

Arctic sea ice volume (SIV) is a key climate indicator and memory source in sea ice predictions and projections, yet suffering from large observational and model uncertainty. Here, we test whether passive-microwave (PMW) data constrain the long-term evolution of Arctic SIV, as recently hypothesized. We find many commonalities in Arctic SIV changes from a PMW sea ice thickness (SIT) 1992-2020 time series reconstructed with a machine-learning algorithm trained on lidar altimetry, and the reference PIOMAS reanalysis: relatively low differences in SIV mean (45%), SIV trends (17%), and phased variability (r2=0.55). Key to reduced differences is the consistent evolution of many SIV contributors: seasonal and perennial ice coverage, their SIT contrast, whereas perennial SIT provides the largest remaining uncertainty source. We argue that PMW includes useful SIT information, reducing SIV uncertainty. We foresee progress from sea ice reanalyses combining dynamical models and data assimilation of PMW SIT, in addition to the already assimilated PWM sea ice concentration.
A Preliminary Investigation of UV Crosslinked Alginate- based Hydrogel for Cardiac-tissue Mimicking Material Potential
Authors: Iskandar Harriz , Ramlan Effirul , Zaman Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul
Published: May 2024

Alginate is a polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, forming a polymerization network rich in glycosidic bonds. It is recognized for its therapeutic potential, including application in cardiovascular disease treatment. However, due to its unstable molecular structure, it is not widely used for therapeutic purposes. To address this limitation, we have fabricated a UV crosslinked alginate-based hydrogels to create a bioscaffold that is capable of mimicking a cardiac structure. By utilising the low-scalability wavelength and interleaved UV-rays exposure, we can fine-tune alginate hydrogels to simulate cardiac physiological conditions in a controlled setting. We evaluated its mechanical properties using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), examined the gross morphology, conducted contractile strength tests, and evaluated conductivity. Our results demonstrated a correlation between the wavenumber (cm⁻¹) and the transmittance (%) obtained from FTIR, signifying effective crosslinking. While degradation test showed that UV-rays exposed alginate hydrogel without any supporting buffers may exhibit prolonged stability before degradation (lasting up to 11 weeks). Meanwhile, its contractility capacity appears to emulate that of myocardium with is 0.61 N/cm2, while the reference adult myocardium showing 0.50 N/cm2. This is further supported by the conductivity test which measured segmentized hydrogels effectively at (3.87, 3.70, 3.20, 3.72, 3.60) mA, below the threshold electrical activity of the heart (5.0 ~ 7.0) mA. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the UV crosslinked alginate-based hydrogel has the potential to mimic cardiac tissue structure suggesting a plausible application for tissue replacement and repair.
Role of oxygen functional groups and pore structure in CO 2 adsorption from oxygen-blowing and nitrogen calcination processes using a precursor of coal-based activated carbon
Authors: Monika Ika , Huda Miftahul , Mevia Axl , Damayanti Retno , Wijayanti Retno , Yanti Evi Dwi , Rinovian Asnan
Published: May 2024

Functional groups on the surface chemical and pore structure are the main properties in the performance of activated carbon adsorption. Coal-based activated carbon product is used as a precursor to clarify that the oxygen-blowing into precursor structure can form new site oxygen-containing on the surface. Oxygen functional groups are verified through calcination under a nitrogen atmosphere. The process of oxygen-blowing is conducted at different temperatures of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500°C and calcination at 900°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The oxygen-containing tended to increase at a temperature of 500°C and encountered the decomposition of functional groups from the hydroxyl to carboxyl groups. The high temperature of 900°C in the calcination process formed new sites of nitrogen-carboxyl groups bonded, which improved micropore volume and CO2 adsorption—breakthrough time exhibited the more extended time duration for the calcination samples. This study proved that oxygen-blowing and calcination on coal-based activated carbon products can generate the enhancement of functional groups and pore structure. The increase in adsorption capacity is relatively minor as the volatile matter of activated carbon is very low.
Reinvigorating the Village Health Teams in Mitooma District, Uganda: Current Effectiveness, Associated Factors, and Challenges
Authors: Ngabirano Augustino , Igwe Mathew Chibunna
Published: May 2024

Background
Community health workers continue to function vitally in assisting in the provision of health care, thereby contributing to the attainment of sustainable development goals and universal health coverage. Several community health worker programmes around the globe encounter significant obstacles that impact their engagement in providing community-based healthcare services.
Objectives
This study assessed the level of participation of Village Health Teams in community-based health care in Mitooma district, western Uganda.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that used a structured questionnaire to collect quantitative data from 341 Village Health Teams in Mitooma district. The main study variable was Village Health Teams’ participation based on the many programmatic functions Village Health Teams perform. Multivariable logistic regression in STATA was used to establish the predictors of Village Health Teams’ participation.
Results
The majority 231 (67.7%) VHTs participated heavily in health care initiatives. Majority 264 (77.4%) were female and had the occupation of crop agriculture. The Adjusted R Square was less that 70% implying the goodness of fit and significantly high association [95% CI: p = 0.0000; <0.05]. Logistic regression revealed that female VHTs [AOR = 3.8 (95% CI: 1.18–16.67), p = 0.03] were over three times more likely to participate with impact in community-based healthcare than their male counterparts. VHTs aged above 40 years [AOR = 4.43 (95% CI: (1.18–16.67), p = 0.03] were over four times more likely to participate with impact in community-based healthcare than those aged 40 years and below. VHTs who were engaged in business [AOR = 3.78 (95% CI: 1.21–11.74), p = 0.02] were over three times more likely to participate with impact in community-based healthcare than those engaged in agriculture.
Conclusion
We draw the conclusion from the study that gender, age, and employment play a vital role in the high involvement rate of village health teams in community-based healthcare. It is however necessary to support a long-term incentive system for VHTs by offering sufficient monetary and non-monetary rewards.
Relationship between left atrial isolated surface area and early-term recurrence in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation after cryoballoon ablation
Authors: Chen Qian , Huang Jin-Jin , Chen Jian-Quan , Makota Panashe , Wu Mei-Qiong , Yang Zhi-Ping , Liao Xue-Wen , Peng Yi-Ming , Jiang Ling , Zhang Jian-Cheng
Published: May 2024

Objective
To investigate the effect of pulmonary vein antrum enlargement combined with left atrial roof cryoballoon ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) by analyzing the relationship between left atrial isolation area surface area (ISA) and early postoperative recurrence.
Methods
93 patients with PeAF were classified into recurrence and non-recurrence groups according to the results of the 1 year follow up. Three-dimensional electroanatomical labeling map was constructed and merged with that of the left atrial pulmonary vein CTA, and the ISA and the left atrial surface area (LASA) were measured and analyzed to determine the relationship between ISA /LASA in relation to early postoperative recurrence.
Results
93 patients were included and followed up for 1 year with AF free recurrence rate of 75.3%. The ISA of the recurrence group was lower than that of the non-recurrence group. LAD, left common pulmonary vein, the ISA, the ISA/LASA and early-term recurrence had statistical significance in both groups. The factors that significantly predicted early-term recurrence were left common pulmonary vein and the ISA/LASA. ISA/LASA (HR 0, 95% CI 0-0.005, P = 0.008) and left common pulmonary vein trunk (HR 7.754, 95% CI 2.256–25.651, P = 0.001) were the independent risk factors for early recurrence. ROC curve analysis showed that ISA/LASA predicted the best early recurrence after operation with a cutoff value of 15.2%.
Conclusion
A greater ISA/LASA reduces early recurrence after cryoablation in patients with PeAF. An ISA/LASA of 15.2% may be the best cut-off value for predicting early recurrence after cryoablation for PeAF.
Nanoscale Octave-spanning Coherent Light Generation
Authors: Das Susobhan , Uddin Md Gius , Li Diao , Wang Yadong , Dai Yunyun Dai , Toivonen Juha , Hong Hao , Liu Kaihui , Sun Zhipei
Published: May 2024

Coherent broadband light generation has attracted massive attention due to its numerous applications ranging from metrology, sensing, and imaging to communication. In general, spectral broadening is realized via third-order and higher-order nonlinear optical processes (e.g., self-phase modulation, Raman transition, four-wave mixing, multiwave mixing), which are typically weak and thus require a long interaction length and the phase matching condition to enhance the efficient nonlinear light-matter interaction for broad-spectrum generation. Here, for the first time, we report octave-spanning coherent light generation at the nanometer scale enabled by a phase-matching-free frequency down-conversion process. Up to octave-spanning coherent light generation with a -40dB spectral width covering from ~ 565 to 1906 nm is demonstrated via difference-frequency generation, a second-order nonlinear process in gallium selenide and niobium oxide diiodide crystals at the 100-nanometer scale. Compared with conventional coherent broadband light sources based on bulk materials, our demonstration is ~5 orders of magnitude thinner and requires ~ 3 orders of magnitude lower excitation power. Our results open a new way to possibly create compact, versatile and integrated ultra-broadband light sources.
Can Skip-generation Caregiving Improve the Quality of Life for the Elderly?
Authors: Chen Feng , Gao Ruixin , Ma Lihua , Qian Linyi , Yang Lianxing , Yang Zhixin
Published: May 2024

Background: In the context of Chinese society, where skip-generation caregiving is a prevalent form of childcare, understanding its implications for the well-being of caregivers, especially concerning cognitive abilities, is imperative. This caregiving arrangement not only alleviates reproductive pressures on younger parents but also promotes societal integration and addresses the challenges posed by an aging population. Despite its benefits, the impact of this form of caregiving on the quality of life of elderly individuals particularly in terms of cognitive function, warrants thorough investigation
Objective: To investigate the impact of skip-generation caregiving on the cognitive abilities of the elderly, this study will focus on the quality-of-life impacts and the underlying mechanisms involved.
Methods: Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for the years 2012, 2015, and 2018,this study constructs an econometric model to assess the relationship between skip-generation caregiving and the cognitive abilities of elderly individuals. Logistic regression models were employed to elucidate the mechanisms through which caregiving influences cognitive outcomes.
Results: Regressions reveal a positive correlation between skip-generation caregiving and improved cognitive abilities in caregivers. Furthermore, a moderate increase in caregiving intensity is associated with sustained cognitive levels. Economic prosperity amplifies the positive effects of caregiving on cognitive health, although the benefits diminish with the caregiver's advancing age. The study highlights three main pathways through which caregiving benefits cognitive function: a reduction in depressive symptoms, increased social interactions, and enhanced intergenerational economic support.
Conclusions: Skip-generation caregiving has been shown to be beneficial for the cognitive health of elderly individuals, with economic status and the economic status of the caregiver and the intensity of caregiving intensity playing significant roles in the extent of these benefits. Tailoring support to meet the specific needs of caregivers is crucial for maximizing the preventive effects against cognitive decline. This research offers valuable insights for policy-making process of developing countries.
The actual condition of driving a car during twin-term pregnancy
Authors: Tsuchikawa Sachi , Miyajima Yui , Tateoka Yumiko , Hitosugi Masahito
Published: May 2024

Background
Motor vehicle collisions involving pregnant women can lead to serious life-threatening complications for mother and child, such as imminent premature birth, premature separation of the normal placenta, and uterine rupture. Investigating driving habits among women with single and multiple pregnancies is crucial for offering health guidance and preventing traffic injuries. We aimed to clarify the actual driving situation during twin pregnancy and verify information regarding health guidance necessary for mother and child safety.
Methods
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted via an online survey, including women who had experienced or were currently pregnant with twins. Driving conditions and frequency of common pregnancy complaints were assessed. Basic statistics were calculated, and percentage analyses of categorical variables were performed.
Results
Among 63 women who drove a car daily before pregnancy, 60.3% continued to drive during twin pregnancies. During pregnancy, 92.1% always wore seatbelts; however, only 68.3% wore them properly. Over 60% of the respondents reported feeling ‘pressured’ or ‘uncomfortable’ while wearing a seatbelt. Common pregnancy complaints frequently perceived by over half of the respondents included ‘Compression of the stomach or abdomen,’ ‘Back or lower back pain’, and ‘Whole body malaise.’ Approximately 60% reported not receiving information on seatbelt use, with 14% obtaining it at their hospitals. Given the higher risk of obstetric complications and faster physical changes in twin pregnancies, the results suggest that seatbelt pressure can be uncomfortable for pregnant women driving a car, potentially leading to inappropriate usage.
Conclusion
This study clarified the current situation of driving among twin pregnant women. Information on seatbelt use should be provided to twin expectant mothers to ensure the safety of both mother and child.
Exploring Vimentin's Role in Breast Cancer via PICK1 Alternative Polyadenylation and the miR-615-3p- PICK1 Interaction
Authors: Jia Xinyan , Shao Lujing , Quan Hong , Dong Chunyan
Published: May 2024

Background: Breast cancer continues to be a major health issue for women worldwide, with Vimentin (VIM) identified as a crucial factor in its progression due to its role in cell migration and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study focuses on elucidating VIM's regulatory mechanisms on the miR-615-3p/PICK1 axis, particularly through the lens of alternative polyadenylation (APA) of PICK1, and its implications for breast cancer progression.
Methods:Utilizing the 4T1 breast cancer cell model, we first employed RNA-seq and proteomics to investigate changes in the APA of PICK1 following VIM knockout (KO). These high-throughput analyses aimed to uncover the underlying transcriptional and proteomic alterations associated with VIM's influence on breast cancer cells.
Results: RNA-seq and proteomic profiling revealed significant APA in PICK1 following VIM KO, suggesting a novel mechanism by which VIM regulates breast cancer progression. Validation experiments confirmed that VIM KO affects the miR-615-3p-PICK1 axis, with miR-615-3p's regulation of PICK1 being contingent upon the APA of PICK1. These findings highlight the complex interplay between VIM, miR-615-3p, and PICK1 in the regulation of breast cancer cell behavior.
Conclusion: This study unveils a critical role of VIM in breast cancer progression through its impact on the APA of PICK1, influencing the miR-615-3p-PICK1 axis. Our findings open new avenues for targeted therapies in breast cancer, focusing on the modulation of APA and the miR-615-3p-PICK1 interaction.
Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment to Pollution using DRASTIC and SINTACS Methods in Northwestern Douala Basin, Cameroon.
Authors: Aduck Jovens Nyangang , Mufur Alice Magha , Fonteh Mathias Fru
Published: May 2024

Groundwater is a principal water source in Northwestern Douala Basin in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. The resource is vulnerable to diverse sources of pollutants as agriculture is practiced on a large scale, especially with the presence of a banana plantation in the zone which uses agrochemicals that can deteriorate the quality of the resource. This study employed the DRASTIC and SINTACS models, integrated with GIS tools to evaluate groundwater vulnerability to pollution. A total of 220 wells and boreholes were sampled within Bomono, Souza, Kombe, Moyouka I, Moyouka II, Mbanga and Njombe–Penja. Additionally, the DRASTIC and SINTACS models were modified using sensitivity analysis to adjust the recommended weight value. Standard vulnerability maps of the basin revealed three vulnerability zones for the DRASTIC model: low vulnerability (23%), moderate vulnerability (12%) and high vulnerability (65%). In comparison, the SINTACS model revealed two vulnerability zones of moderate vulnerability (40%) and high vulnerability (60%). Results of sensitivity analysis showed that the area comprises low vulnerability (30%) and moderate vulnerability (70%) for DRASTIC while the SINTACS revealed very low vulnerability (30%), low vulnerability (36%) and moderate vulnerability (34%). Results of both single parameter sensitivity analysis and map removal sensitivity analysis revealed that depth to the water level, impact of vadose zone and recharge have a great influence on aquifer vulnerability. It was noticed that areas of high nitrate concentration correlated with areas of high vulnerability to contamination. Also, depth to water level, impact of vadose zone, and recharge emerged as key factors influencing aquifer vulnerability. Therefore, it is recommended that sustainable farming techniques should be adopted in order to reduce agrochemical usage especially in vulnerable zones, and also establish monitoring programs that could track groundwater quality over time.
Ab-initio Investigation of AGeO3 (A = Mg, Cd) Perovskites: Structural, Elastic, and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Ullah Saeed , Rahman Nasir , Ullah Riaz , Saad Saher , Iqbal Javed , Iqbal Zafar , Husain Mudasser , Iqbal Anwar , Ullah Hafeez , Ali Mohsin
Published: May 2024

Herein, we investigated the physical properties of AGeO3 (A = Mg, Cd) using the WIEN2k package within the framework of density functional theory. The structural analysis indicated their stability confirming that these perovskites crystalize in the cubic crystal structure with space group pm-3m (#221). Employing the Poisson’s ratio and Pugh criterion, it was noticed that CdGeO3 exhibits ductile behavior, while MgGeO3 is brittle. The electronic properties were assessed through the computation of band profiles and the density of states. Our mBJ calculations unveiled the semiconducting nature with indirect bandgaps (M– Γ) of 3.2 and 2.3 eV for MGeO3 and CdGeO3, respectively. Furthermore, the outcomes concerning the total and partial density of states validated the degree of electrons localization within specific bands. The optical behavior of title compounds was investigated through the computation of complex dielectric function, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, optical conductivity, reflectivity, and the energy loss function for the energy spectrum spanning from 0 to 40 eV. Our findings indicate the encouraging prospects of studied compounds for use in optoelectronic devices.
Whose Story? Competing versions of English in a London school
Authors: Yandell John , Hardcastle John
Published: May 2024

In this article, we look closely at two accounts of parallel lessons in the same London school. Early on in our pre-service teacher education programme, student teachers are asked to write about a lesson they have observed. Soumeya and Faduma each described a lesson where the novel, In the sea there are crocodiles by Fabio Geda, was being read. The observations are of parallel lessons taught by two different teachers. We use these accounts to explore differences in pedagogy and in the versions of English that are instantiated in the lessons. These forms of practice bear family resemblances to many other lessons—and have complex histories. Our interest lies in the ways in which they reflect or contest the view of the subject that dominates the landscape of policy in England today
Exploratory talk in times of globalisation and digitalisation: a narrative review
Authors: T'Sas Jan , Daems Frans
Published: May 2024

Over the last decades researchers and educators have promoted the use of language in collaborative activities in the classroom. Accordingly, there is considerable support for the sociocultural idea that knowledge is the result of a co-constructed activity of students, and that exploratory talk can support them to develop higher-order thinking, high-level understanding, the voicing of personal opinions and ideas, and argumentation skills. Positive learning effects of exploratory talk have inspired researchers all over the world to replicate, refine or elaborate on these early studies, using both quantitative and qualitative methods and often finding similar positive linguistic, cognitive, social, psychological, and pedagogical effects. In this study we present a narrative review into the definition, measurement, and effects of exploratory talk. The review is both a part and an extension of a PhD study on the use of exploratory talk in primary schools in Flanders, the Dutch speaking part of Belgium. Based on this review we will highlight the relevancy of exploratory talk and associated challenges for L1 education in a globalising, diversifying and digitalising context. We will argue that exploratory talk can meet these challenges, but its potential can only be realized fully by a shift towards dialogic teaching as opposed to the IRF/IRE-pattern which still seems to dominate classroom practice.
L1-Didactics and the global pressure from Anglo-Saxon New Literacies
Authors: Ongstad Sigmund
Published: May 2024

Within Scandinavian teacher education L1-didactics and literacy have, since the 1990s, developed from delimited areas of knowledge to full academic disciplines. This scientific essay asks whether achieved L1-didactic disciplinarity is at risk encountering increased influence of New Literacies. Historical roots and further development of L1 and L1-didactics in Norway and Scandinavia, are outlined, extracted from other resources. Further relevant disciplinary concepts are problematised, in two ways, firstly facing the challenge of mediating between languages and secondly searching possible epistemological processes behind increased academisation of L1-didactics in teacher education. Four processes are discussed in detail: Literacification, referring to increased political dissemination of and research on literacies. Disciplinarisation, concerning processes of generating school subjects and academic disciplines. Didactisation, integrating knowledge of both learners and subject matter. Internationalisation, referring to application of international political, linguistic, and academic policies, pedagogies, and practices. Finally epistemological and methodological challenges are discussed in light of a possible tension between L1-didactics and New Literacies, especially whether competence-based (new) literacies may obstruct Bildung-oriented L1 and L1-didactics. In case, clarification of curricular means-and-ends are disrupted and both L1-didactics and New Literacy research challenged. Although final answers are not given, the study has offered extended epistemological contexts for further discussions.
The value of comparative research in an era of standards-based reforms
Authors: Doecke Brenton , Parr Graham , Owen Ceridwen
Published: May 2024

The impact of standards-based reforms on the professional practice of English teachers in Anglophone settings has been well documented. Such reforms typically foreground the importance of a particular form of English and standardised formulations of curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment, which facilitate easy measurement and comparisons between educational settings. In Australia, the impact has intensified to such an extent that traditional framings of English teacher practice, which emphasize responsiveness to the cultural and linguistic diversity of students, begin to look like a discourse of a bygone era. From an historical perspective, how has this come about? And what does English teacher practice look like in the current policy environment? Can comparative inquiry into language education, such as has been conducted under the auspices of the International Mother Tongue Education Network (IMEN) over the past four decades, provide intellectual resources to resist relentless pressures towards standardisation and measurement? The collaborative inquiry into the professional practice of one author at the heart of this essay arises out of our attempts to explore the potential of IMEN protocols to render the familiar strange and to see her practice with new eyes. In this way we seek to resist the ways standards-based reforms are radically reshaping the praxis of English educators in Australia.
Old Problems, New Challenges
Authors: Haueis Eduard
Published: May 2024

Although comparative studies on L1 education are facing many new challenges today, two ‘old’ issues should not be forgotten: the professional qualification of teachers as part of their academic training, and elementary language education in primary schools. These issues need a theoretical foundation to make L1 education part of the professional practical knowledge of teachers.
In Germany, there is a gap between the subject-related qualification of prospective teachers on the one hand, and their didactic qualification for their professional field of action in schools on the other. What is perceived today as L1 German teaching from school year 1 to 12/13 goes back to two different traditions for which, until a few decades ago, educational institutions of varying prestige were responsible: the Volksschulen (elementary education for the lower classes) initially focusing on "mother-tongue" monolingualism, and the Latin schools (grammar schools for the higher classes) focusing on multilingual education, preparing for academic careers. It was not until the Weimar Constitution in 1919 that Germany also introduced academic qualifications for teachers in elementary education. However, also seminars, pedagogical academies, and colleges that focused on teaching didactics mainly, were established to circumvent university qualifications.
What was developed in the last third of the 20th century in the context of a scientific foundation for the didactics of L1 German has since fallen into oblivion. This contribution aims at presenting a critically reflected continuation of these developments.
Relatedness of Luther Burbank’s Plum (Prunus sp.) Introductions Based on Genotyping by Sequencing
Authors: Spaeth Rachel A. , Pincot Dominique D.A. , Potter Daniel , Brown P.J. , Gradziel Tom , Preece John E.
Published: May 2024

The renowned horticultural artist and plant breeder Luther Burbank worked with many species of plants. During his 50-year career, he introduced more than 800 cultivars, including more than 150 accessions of plums (Prunus spp.) in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Burbank preferred using wide, interspecific crosses to create a vast range of phenotypic variation and then artificially select from the extremes. Although a great artist, Burbank was a substandard scientist because he was derelict in pedigree note-taking. Although many of his introductions are extinct, hobbyists, enthusiasts, and international collections retain nearly a third of the economically viable cultivars he bred. For a century, many of his hybridizations remained inscrutable mysteries until modern genomic and computational tools developed their resolution and statistical power. Today, genotyping by sequencing (GBS) is a useful tool for pedigree reconstruction in the absence of reliable records. GBS can inform principal component analyses, identity by descent (IBD) kinship, and phylogenetic admixture, revealing complex relationships among taxa. In this study, whole genome sequencing was performed on 53 Prunus taxa used by Burbank in his breeding experiments in the most comprehensive genetic survey of his work to date. Exact parent–offspring relationships between this population may be impossible to discern due to years of back crossing, sibling mating, and open pollination. However, the proportion of genomic similarity among these taxa provides information on the relatedness of the genotypes in Burbank’s Prunus experiments, defining four primary lineages within his breeding population. These lineages comprised primarily P. salicina and P. simonii but also have influences from P. americana, P. cerasifera, P. domestica, and P. rivularis. The prevalence of P. simonii in Burbank’s Prunus introductions appears to have been vastly underreported, indicating that some of the seedstock founders of his breeding population could have been P. salicina × P. simonii hybrids at the inception of his career. This research has implications for pedigree reconstruction and prioritizing conservation in collections curation for future studies.
Activity of the Ethanolic Extract Obtained from Citrus microcarpa Pericarps against Meloidogyne enterolobii, and Chemical Composition Analysis
Authors: Dou Xiaoli , Wu Yani , Luo Jiguang , Yin Xiaopeng , Fu Meiying , Zeng Xiangping , Wang Huifang
Published: May 2024

Citrus microcarpa is a popular nutritious fruit that is widely cultivated in China. In recent years, many compounds with significant pharmacological activities have been isolated successfully from the pericarp of C. microcarpa. However, to date, there are no reports on the activity of C. microcarpa pericarp against root-knot nematodes. This study used the ethanolic extract from the pericarp of Hainan C. microcarpa and the impregnation method to determine its activity on J2 Meloidogyne enterolobii specimens and on single-egg hatching. The results showed that when J2 individuals were treated with 50 mg⋅mL–1 of the extract, the lethal concentration 50 values after 24 and 48 hours were 17.124 and 8.858 mg⋅mL–1, respectively. The mortality rate of nematodes after 48 hours of treatment was 100%, and the inhibition rate of single-egg hatching after 24 hours was 89.29%. The ethanolic extract of C. microcarpa peels showed high inhibitory and lethal activity against the M. enterolobii. The analysis of the chemical composition of the extract revealed 28 substances with insecticidal and antibacterial effects, including lignans, flavonoids, fatty acids, organic acids, terpenoids, and imidazole. The formulas of the chemical structures and pharmacological effects of these potential insecticidal and antibacterial substances were elucidated to provide a scientific basis and a theoretical reference for the use of C. microcarpa pericarps as a raw material for the development of new, natural plant nematicides.