bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclooctatetraene-conjugated cyanine mitochondrial probes minimize phototoxicity in fluorescence and nanoscopic imaging
Authors: Yang Zhongtian , Li Liuju , Ling Jing , Liu Tianyan , Huang Xiaoshuai , Ying Yuqing , Zhao Yun , Zhao Yan , Lei Kai , Chen Liangyi , Chen Zhixing
Published: July 2020

Cyclooctatetraene-conjugated cyanine dyes represent an effective strategy to improve biocompatibility under light in live-cell fluorescence imaging and analysis of mitochondria.
A kinetic description of how interfaces accelerate reactions in micro-compartments
Authors: Wilson Kevin R. , Prophet Alexander M. , Rovelli Grazia , Willis Megan D. , Rapf Rebecca J. , Jacobs Michael I.
Published: July 2020

Surfaces play a critical role in accelerating reaction rates in micro-compartments.
Mechanism and origins of selectivity in the enantioselective oxa-Pictet–Spengler reaction: a cooperative catalytic complex from a hydrogen bond donor and chiral phosphoric acid
Authors: Maskeri Mark A. , Brueckner Alexander C. , Feoktistova Taisiia , O'Connor Matthew J. , Walden Daniel M. , Cheong Paul Ha-Yeon , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: July 2020

A new model for the cooperative catalytic oxa-Pictet–Spengler reaction is disclosed. Supporting spectroscopic, kinetic, and computational quantum mechanics studies permit the rationalization of the reaction's observed enantioselectivity.
Enhanced enzymatic activity exerted by a packed assembly of a single type of enzyme
Authors: Dinh Huyen , Nakata Eiji , Mutsuda-Zapater Kaori , Saimura Masayuki , Kinoshita Masahiro , Morii Takashi
Published: July 2020

The enzymatic reactions proceeded faster in the packed than in the dispersed state.
All-atom molecular dynamics simulations of weak polyionic brushes: influence of charge density on the properties of polyelectrolyte chains, brush-supported counterions, and water molecules
Authors: Sachar Harnoor Singh , Pial Turash Haque , Chava Bhargav Sai , Das Siddhartha
Published: July 2020

All-atom molecular dynamics simulations are used to probe the effects of charge density on the microstructure of polyacrylic acid brushes.
Strong reinforcement effects in 2D cellulose nanofibril–graphene oxide (CNF–GO) nanocomposites due to GO-induced CNF ordering
Authors: Mianehrow Hanieh , Lo Re Giada , Carosio Federico , Fina Alberto , Larsson Per Tomas , Chen Pan , Berglund Lars A.
Published: July 2020

Nanocomposites from native cellulose with low 2D nanoplatelet content are of interest as sustainable materials combining functional and structural performance.
Programmable and sophisticated shape-memory behavior via tailoring spatial distribution of polymer crosslinks
Authors: Qiu Yaxin , Wanyan Qianru , Zhang Wenting , Yin Suna , Wu Defeng
Published: July 2020

Combining cross-linked PMAs with different network geometries together is a simple and efficient way to fabricate smart polymers or multimaterial actuators with behavioral complexity, which can complete asynchronous actions accurately.
A cerium-based MOFzyme with multi-enzyme-like activity for the disruption and inhibition of fungal recolonization
Authors: Abdelhamid Hani Nasser , Mahmoud Ghada Abd-Elmonsef , Sharmouk Walid
Published: July 2020

A cerium-based metal–organic framework (Ce-MOF, denoted as AU-1) was synthesized using a solvothermal method by employing 4,4′,4′′-nitrilotribenzoic acid (H3NTB) as the linker and cerium clusters as the metal center.
A fast response, self-powered and room temperature near infrared-terahertz photodetector based on a MAPbI3/PEDOT:PSS composite
Authors: Li Yifan , Zhang Yating , Li Tengteng , Tang Xin , Li Mengyao , Chen Zhiliang , Li Qingyan , Sheng Quan , Shi Wei , Yao Jianquan
Published: July 2020

A novel self-powered NIR and THz PTE PD based on a (MAPbI3/PEDOT:PSS) composite with a rapid response time of 28 μs.
Highly conductive wet-spun PEDOT:PSS fibers for applications in electronic textiles
Authors: Sarabia-Riquelme Ruben , Andrews Rodney , Anthony John E. , Weisenberger Matthew C.
Published: July 2020

PEDOT:PSS fibers with outstanding electrical and mechanical properties were fabricated and their use in a variety of electronic textile applications was demonstrated.
Fermi level pinned molecular donor/acceptor junctions: reduction of induced carrier density by interfacial charge transfer complexes
Authors: Beyer Paul , Meister Eduard , Florian Timo , Generalov Alexander , Brütting Wolfgang , Koch Norbert , Opitz Andreas
Published: July 2020

Charge transfer complex (CPX) formation at a donor–acceptor interface reduces the amount of Fermi-level pinning induced interfacial charge transfer.
Exploring phase transitions and magnetoelectric coupling of epitaxial asymmetric multilayer heterostructures
Authors: Pradhan Dhiren K. , Kumari Shalini , Puli Venkata S. , Pradhan Dillip K. , Kumar Ashok , Kalinin Sergei V. , Vasudevan Rama K. , Katiyar Ram S. , Rack Philip D.
Published: July 2020

PFN/NZFO/PFN/NZFO/PFN epitaxial asymmetric multilayer magnetoelectric (ME) heterostructures exhibit large polarization and magnetization along with strong ME coupling at room temperature.
Air stable and reversible n-type surface functionalization of MoS2 monolayer using Arg and Lys amino acids
Authors: Li Mengge , Yao Jiadong , Liu Yali , Wu Xiaoxiang , Yu Ying , Xing Boran , Yan Xiaoyuan , Guo Wenxuan , Tan Mingqiu , Sha Jian , Wang Yewu
Published: July 2020

Schematic and transfer properties of a MoS2 FET decorated with Arg or Lys amino acid, thus showing effective electron doping with air stability.
C70-based aqueous-soluble fullerene for the water composition-tolerant performance of eco-friendly polymer solar cells
Authors: Kim Changkyun , Kang Hyunbum , Choi Nayoun , Lee Seungjin , Kim Youngkwon , Kim Jinwoo , Wu Ziang , Woo Han Young , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: July 2020

Our work highlights the development of eco-PSCs based on newly developed C70-based water/alcohol soluble fullerene with enhanced light absorption, aggregation properties and highly solvent composition-tolerant eco-friendly solvent processes.
APLP2 gene polymorphisms are associated with high TC and LDL-C levels in Chinese population in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Abuzhalihan Jialin , Adi Dilare , Wang Yong-Tao , Li Yang , Yang Yi-Ning , Ma Xiang , Li Xiao-Mei , Xie Xiang , Liu Fen , Chen Bang-Dang , Gai Min-Tao , Fu Zhen-Yan , Ma Yi-Tong
Published: July 2020

Hyperlipidemia is one of the main risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). In the present study, we aimed to explore whether the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in amyloid precursor-like protein (APLP) 2 (APLP2) gene were associated with high lipid levels in Chinese population in Xinjiang, China. We recruited 1738 subjects (1187 men, 551 women) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, and genotyped three SNPs (rs2054247, rs3740881 and rs747180) of APLP2 gene in all subjects by using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) method. Our study revealed that the rs2054247 SNP was associated with serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in additive model (all P<0.05). The rs747180 SNP was associated with serum TC and LDL-C levels in additive model (all P<0.05). Our study revealed that both rs2054247 and rs747180 SNPs of the APLP2 gene were associated with high TC and LDL-C levels in Chinese subjects in Xinjiang.
Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research
Authors: Mancini Patricia C. , Tyler Richard S. , Jun Hyung Jin , Wang Tang-Chuan , Ji Helena , Stocking Christina , Secor Carrie , Rojas-Roncancio Eveling , Witt Shelley
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML.

Method

Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ).

Results

There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was
r
= .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation (
r
= .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates.

Conclusions

We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.
Is HR 6819 a triple system containing a black hole?
Authors: Bodensteiner J. , Shenar T. , Mahy L. , Fabry M. , Marchant P. , Abdul-Masih M. , Banyard G. , Bowman D. M. , Dsilva K. , Frost A. J. , Hawcroft C. , Reggiani M. , Sana H.
Published: July 2020

Context. HR 6819 was recently proposed to be a triple system consisting of an inner B-type giant plus black hole (BH) binary with an orbital period of 40 d and an outer Be tertiary. This interpretation is mainly based on two inferences: that the emission attributed to the outer Be star is stationary and that the inner star, which is used as mass calibrator for the BH, is a B-type giant.

Aims. We re-investigate the properties of HR 6819 to search for a possibly simpler alternative explanation for HR 6819, which does not invoke the presence of a triple system with a BH in the inner binary.

Methods. Based on an orbital analysis, the disentangling of the spectra of the two visible components and the atmosphere analysis of the disentangled spectra, we investigate the configuration of the system and the nature of its components.

Results. Disentangling implies that the Be component is not a static tertiary, but rather a component of the binary in the 40 d orbit. The inferred radial velocity amplitudes of K1 = 60.4 ± 1.0 km s−1 for the B-type primary and K2 = 4.0 ± 0.8 km s−1 for the Be-type secondary imply an extreme mass ratio of M2/M1 = 15 ± 3. We find that the B-type primary, which we estimate to contribute about 45% to the optical flux, has an effective temperature of Teff = 16 ± 1 kK and a surface gravity of log g = 2.8 ± 0.2 [cgs], while the Be secondary, which contributes about 55% to the optical flux, has Teff = 20 ± 2 kK and log g = 4.0 ± 0.3 [cgs]. We infer spectroscopic masses of 0.4−0.1+0.3and 6−3+5 for the primary and secondary which agree well with the dynamical masses for an inclination of i = 32°. This indicates that the primary might be a stripped star rather than a B-type giant. Evolutionary modelling suggests that a possible progenitor system would be a tight (Pi ≈ 2 d) B+B binary system that experienced conservative mass transfer. While the observed nitrogen enrichment of the primary conforms with the predictions of the evolutionary models, we find no indications for the predicted He enrichment.

Conclusions. We suggest that HR 6819 is a binary system consisting of a stripped B-type primary and a rapidly-rotating Be star that formed from a previous mass-transfer event. In the framework of this interpretation, HR 6819 does not contain a BH. Interferometry can distinguish between these two scenarios by providing an independent measurement of the separation between the visible components.
PME et Grands donneurs d’ordre : coopération gagnante en Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: July 2020

Une partie importante de la filière nucléaire française se concentre en Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (AURA) et plus largement dans la vallée du Rhône. La région dispose d’une large palette de compétences qui s’incarnent dans des entreprises de toutes tailles, des Grands donneurs d’ordre (GDO) aux petites et moyennes entreprises (PME). La bonne imbrication des différents organismes de cet écosystème permettra à la filière d’être à la hauteur des enjeux de demain.
Plate coverage predicts failure for volarly unstable distal radius fractures with volar lunate facet fragments
Authors: Izawa Yuta , Tsuchida Yoshihiko , Futamura Kentaro , Ochi Hironori , Baba Tomonori
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Loss of reduction after operative fixation of volarly unstable distal radius fractures with a volar lunate facet fragment (VLF) is considered problematic because it results in carpal subluxation or dislocation and subsequent impaired function. We hypothesized that the indicator of loss of reduction of the VLF after fixation is plate coverage of the bony fragment. We investigated the relationship between the plate coverage of the VLF and loss of reduction after fixation, and calculated the plate coverage that was associated with failure of fixation of the VLF.

Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective review. We included patients with surgically treated volarly unstable distal radius fractures with VLF with a volar locking plate who had a minimum follow-up of 6 months. A total of 33 patients (35 wrists) met criteria for inclusion into the study. The patients were divided into a displacement group and a non-displacement group. We calculated and compared longitudinal dimension and plate coverage of the VLF between the two groups to reveal the risk factors for loss of reduction.

Results: At final follow-up, 25 fractures maintained radiographic alignment and 10 (28.6%) lost reduction. Univariate analysis between the two groups showed that plate coverage against the transverse and longitudinal dimension of the VLF was correlated with loss of reduction after operative fixation. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only plate coverage against the longitudinal dimension of the VLF remained a significant predictor of failure. With 64.7% as the cut-off point for plate coverage against the longitudinal dimension of the VLF, the sensitivity and specificity of the prediction were 96% and 80%, respectively.

Conclusion: The predictor of loss of reduction after fixation of volarly unstable distal radius fractures with a VLF was plate coverage against the longitudinal dimension of the VLF.
Diagnostik und Behandlung von sacralen Insuffizienzfrakturen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Zementaugmentationsverfahren – eine Übersicht
Authors: Andresen Julian Ramin , Radmer Sebastian , Prokop Axel , Wollny Mathias , Nissen Urs , Schober Hans-Christof , Andresen Reimer
Published: July 2020

Insuffizienzfrakturen des Os sacrum werden in letzter Zeit immer häufiger detektiert, wobei aufgrund der steigenden Lebenserwartung die Inzidenz weiter zunehmen wird. Ein Teil der Patienten ist, bedingt durch die starken Frakturschmerzen, invalidisiert und lässt sich durch eine konservative Behandlung nicht suffizient therapieren. Mittels Zementeinbringung in die entsprechende Frakturzone lässt sich eine deutliche Schmerzreduktion und klinische Verbesserung herbeiführen. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist eine Darstellung der unterschiedlichen Zementaugmentationsverfahren Ballon-, Radiofrequenz-, Vertebro- und Zementsakroplastie hinsichtlich der richtigen Indikation, der technischen Durchführbarkeit, den möglichen Komplikationen und des klinischen Outcomes. Die Grenzen der Sakroplastie und die Indikation zur Durchführung unterschiedlicher Osteosyntheseverfahren werden aufgezeigt.

Eine Literaturrecherche in PubMed und GoogleScholar wurde zu den Stichworten durchgeführt: Beckeninsuffizienzfraktur, Fragilitätsfrakturen des Beckenrings, sacrale Insuffizienzfraktur, Os sacrum, Osteoporose, interventionelle Schmerztherapie, Sakroplastie, Zementaugmentation und Beckenosteosynthesen. Erfahrungen aus der seit Jahren bestehenden eigenen interdisziplinären und multizentrischen Arbeitsgruppe wurden mitberücksichtigt.

Neue Klassifikationen in der Einteilung von Beckeninsuffizienzfrakturen sind bei der Festlegung des therapeutischen Vorgehens unter Beachtung der individuellen Klinik zu berücksichtigen. Eine konservative Therapie steht zunächst im Vordergrund, jedoch werden hier nicht alle Patienten schmerzfrei und lassen sich nicht adäquat mobilisieren, konsekutiv folgen Komorbiditäten und eine erhöhte Mortalität. Bei nichtdislozierten Frakturen lässt sich mittels Sakroplastie eine schnelle und nachhaltige Schmerzreduktion herbeiführen. Hinsichtlich der Zementaugmentation lassen sich osteoplastische Verfahren wie die Ballon-, Radiofrequenz- und Zementsakroplastie von dem nichtosteoplastischen Verfahren der Vertebrosakroplastie unterscheiden. Bei der Vertebrosakroplastie muss man mit einer höheren Zementleckagerate rechnen. Die komplexe sacrale Anatomie, die osteopene Knochenstruktur, die Ausrichtung der Frakturzonen, das unterschiedlich technische Vorgehen, die Eigenschaften der Zemente und die Erfahrung des Operateurs haben einen Einfluss auf das Auftreten möglicher Komplikationen.

Wenn konservative Maßnahmen zu keiner klinischen Verbesserung führen, profitieren Patienten mit schmerzhaften, nichtdislozierten sacralen Insuffizienzfrakturen von einer Zementaugmentation effektiv und nachhaltig. Durch den Einsatz von individuell anzupassenden Sakroplastieverfahren sind relevante Komplikationen insgesamt sehr selten. Patienten mit instabilen Frakturen profitieren von einer rechtzeitig durchgeführten Osteosynthese.
Ich kann es nicht mehr (aus)halten
Authors: Waldschmidt Maximilian-Erik
Published: July 2020

Im 8. Teil unserer Serie stellen wir Ihnen einen 65-jährigen Patienten vor, der sehr unselbstständig ist und auf jede Anweisung oder Anleitung ablehnend und aggressiv reagiert. Da das Team davon ausgeht, dass der Patient nicht zu ändern ist, wird gemeinsam mit dem Moderator entschieden, die Perspektive des Teams in den Fokus zu nehmen. Lesen Sie, wie mithilfe der systemischen Fallbesprechung neue Optionen entwickelt werden.
Wie sicher fühlen Sie sich bei der Einschätzung von Suizidalität?
Authors: Kloos Victoria-Fabiola
Published: July 2020

Suizidalität ist eine der höchsten interdisziplinären Herausforderungen in der psychiatrischen Arbeit. Die Behandlung hängt maßgeblich davon ab, dass das Suizidrisiko professionell eingeschätzt wird und präventive Maßnahmen umgesetzt werden. Welche Faktoren dabei eine Rolle spielen, hat unsere Autorin im Rahmen einer Studie erforscht.
Pharmacogenetics in Psychiatry
Authors: Müller Daniel J.
Published: July 2020

This Special Issue on Pharmacogenetics in Psychiatry consists of five selected
articles which encompass the first concepts of pharmacogenetics, to implementation
strategies applyng pharmacogenetic testing into psychiatric clinical practice.
Plasma Serotonin is Elevated in Adult Patients with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Drouet Ludovic , Hautefort Charlotte , Vitaux Hélène , Kania Romain , Callebert Jacques , Stepanian Alain , Siguret Virginie , Eliezer Michael , Vodovar Nicolas , Launay Jean-Marie
Published: July 2020

Background The roles of thrombophilia and cardiovascular risk factors in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) remain controversial. Cochlear microthrombosis and vasospasm have been hypothesized as possible pathogenic mechanisms of SSNHL. This article investigates the circulating serotonin and homocysteine levels besides thrombophilia screening in patients with idiopathic SSNHL.

Methods A total of 133 SSNHL patients and age- and sex-matched controls were investigated (discovery cohort). Measurement included common inherited natural coagulation inhibitors, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor (VWF), antiphospholipid antibodies, homocysteine, and serotonin (whole blood, platelet, and plasma) levels, along with frequent relevant genetic variants. A validation cohort (128 SSNHL patients) was studied for homocysteine and serotonin levels.

Results and Conclusion In the discovery cohort, 58.6% of patients exhibited thrombophilia, of which most had a low to moderate titers of antiphospholipid antibodies and high levels of factor VIII/VWF. Twenty-seven patients (20%) had mild-to-moderate hyperhomocysteinemia or were homozygous for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T mutation. Regarding serotonin, SSNHL patients had elevated whole blood levels that remained within the normal range and normal platelet content. However, approximately 90% patients of both cohorts had elevated plasma serotonin. Elevated plasma serotoninemia was accompanied by serotonylation of platelet rhoA protein. This study shows that increased plasma serotonin appears as a biomarker of SSNHL (specificity: ∼96%, sensitivity: ∼90%) and could participate in the pathophysiology of SSNHL.
Sparking the Debate: Facial Injury Patterns from Fireworks
Authors: Mehta Neil Ketan , Cowan Brandon , Hojjat Houmehr , Johnson Jared , Chung Michael Thomas , Carron Michael
Published: July 2020

The objective of this article is to estimate the incidence, injury patterns, and demographics of patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) for facial injury sustained from fireworks. This was an analysis of a nationwide database. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was evaluated for facial injuries from fireworks from 2013 to 2017. Relevant entries were examined for incidence, patient characteristics, location of injury, and type of injury. There were 509 NEISS entries, extrapolating to an estimated 19,816 ED visits for head and neck injuries due to fireworks from 2013 to 2017. The number of visits per year due to fireworks has been relatively stable over the past 5 years with an average of 3,963 cases per year. Greater than 90% of injuries occurred in July. Males comprised the majority of patients (67%), with the median age of 16 years. Most common sites of injury were the eyeballs (41%), followed by midface including eyelids, periorbita, and nose (31%), ears (12%), and only minor incidence of oral injuries (2%). After burns, contusions were the second most common injury from fireworks, followed by lacerations and foreign body injuries. The majority of firework injuries occurred in teenagers, reinforcing the importance of greater safety regulations and age limits for purchasing fireworks. Nearly half the incidents were eye injuries, necessitating greater public education in protective eyewear and mandating their use during festive holidays. Furthermore, injury patterns reported in this analysis may serve as a valuable adjunct for enhancing clinical history taking and physical examination to look for concurrent injuries.
Conformation-Specific Blockade of αIIbβ3 by a Non-RGD Peptide to Inhibit Platelet Activation without Causing Significant Bleeding and Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Shen Chuanbin , Liu Ming , Tian Huiwen , Li Jiameng , Xu Runjia , Mwangi James , Lu Qiumin , Hao Xue , Lai Ren
Published: July 2020

Bleeding and thrombocytopenia to readministration are the most serious side effects of clinical integrin αIIbβ3 antagonists such as RGD-containing peptides. Here we show that a non-RGD peptide ZDPI, identified from skin secretions of Amolops loloensis, inhibited platelet aggregation induced by agonists, such as adenosine diphosphate, collagen, arachidonic acid, PAR1AP, and integrin αIIbβ3 allosteric activator, and reduces soluble fibrinogen binding to activated platelets without perturbing adhesion numbers on immobilized fibrinogen. Further study showed that ZDPI preferred to bind to the active conformation of integrin αIIbβ3, and thus inhibited c-Src-mediated integrin signaling transduction. In contrast to currently used clinical blockers of integrin αIIbβ3, which are all conformation-unspecific blockers, ZDPI conformation specifically binds to activated integrin αIIbβ3, subsequently suppressing platelet spreading. In vivo study revealed that ZDPI inhibited carotid arterial thrombosis with limited bleeding and thrombocytopenia. A non-RGD peptide which targets the active conformation of integrin αIIbβ3, such as ZDPI, might be an excellent candidate or template to develop antithrombotics without significant bleeding and thrombocytopenia side effects.
Bridging the Missing Link with Emicizumab: A Bispecific Antibody for Treatment of Hemophilia A
Authors: Gelbenegger Georg , Schoergenhofer Christian , Knoebl Paul , Jilma Bernd
Published: July 2020

Hemophilia A, characterized by absent or ineffective coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), is a serious bleeding disorder that entails severe and potentially life-threatening bleeding events. Current standard therapy still involves replacement of FVIII, but is often complicated by the occurrence of neutralizing alloantibodies (inhibitors). Management of patients with inhibitors is challenging and necessitates immune tolerance induction for inhibitor eradication and the use of bypassing agents (activated prothrombin complex concentrates or recombinant activated factor VII), which are expensive and not always effective. Emicizumab is the first humanized bispecific monoclonal therapeutic antibody designed to replace the hemostatic function of activated FVIII by bridging activated factor IX and factor X (FX) to activate FX and allow the coagulation cascade to continue. In the majority of hemophilic patients with and without inhibitors, emicizumab reduced the annualized bleeding rate to almost zero in several clinical trials and demonstrated a good safety profile. However, the concurrent use of emicizumab and activated prothrombin complex concentrate imposes a high risk of thrombotic microangiopathy and thromboembolic events on patients and should be avoided. Yet, the management of breakthrough bleeds and surgery remains challenging with only limited evidence-based recommendations being available. This review summarizes published clinical trials and preliminary reports of emicizumab and discusses the clinical implications of emicizumab in treatment of hemophilia A.
Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia may be Poor Responders to Enteric-Coated Aspirin, but not to Plain Aspirin
Authors: Scavone Mariangela , Rizzo Jessica , Femia Eti A. , Podda Gian Marco , Bossi Elena , Caberlon Sabrina , Paroni Rita , Cattaneo Marco
Published: July 2020

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients are treated with aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]) to prevent thrombosis. Previous studies showed that serum thromboxane (Tx) B2 was high 24 hours after enteric-coated (EC)-ASA in ET patients, due to increased number of noninhibited reticulated platelets (RPs), consequent to high platelet turnover, and that ASA should be given twice a day to ET patients. We studied ET patients (n = 17) and healthy subjects (n = 10) on 100 mg EC-ASA once daily; experiments were repeated after 14-day treatment with 100 mg plain-ASA once daily. Serum TxB2, plasma ASA, and salicylic acid (SA) were measured before the morning dose and up to 8 hours thereafter. Blood activity of ASA-deacethylating esterases, in vitro inhibition of collagen-induced TxB2 production by ASA (10–1,000 µM), and number of RP were measured. TxB2 inhibition by ASA in vitro and esterases activities were normal in all subjects. EC-ASA elicited highly variable responses; 6 ET patients were poor responders, as their serum TxB2 was high after EC-ASA; their plasma levels of ASA and SA were low/undetectable. In contrast to EC-ASA, plain ASA decreased serum TxB2 and increased plasma ASA and SA in all subjects. Serum TxB2 was high in ET patients at 24 hours and significantly correlated with RP count (but not RP percentage) and platelet count. Plain ASA should be used in ET patients to inhibit platelets efficiently. The identification of ET patients who might benefit from twice a day ASA could simply be based on their platelet count: since their platelet turnover is not increased, ET patients with normalized platelet count should not need twice a day ASA treatment.
Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Ding Wern Yew , Mandrola John , Gupta Dhiraj
Published: July 2020

There are several situations whereby oral anticoagulation may be unsuitable for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion has received much attention in this area. Various devices have already been developed and tested for this purpose. Data from registries and cohort studies have indicated favourable short- and long-term outcomes with LAA occlusion, and several international guidelines recommend its use in AF patients with contraindications to oral anticoagulation. However, prospective controlled trials in this very population are lacking. Furthermore, while modelling studies on cost analyses have suggested that LAA occlusion may be a cost-effective strategy compared with standard medical therapy, these have not been performed in high-risk patients who may have limited survival in the medium to long term. Thus, while LAA occlusion offers promise, there is a strong need for additional research to investigate its exact role, its long-term outcomes and cost efficacy.
A method to assess national metal criticality: the environment as a foremost measurement
Authors: Eheliyagoda Disna , Zeng Xianlai , Li Jinhui
Published: July 2020

Ever-increasing mineral demand inspires nations to inspect the metal criticality situation that would be an indispensable path to ensure supply security in a foreseeable future. A diverse range of methods has been used to analyze the criticality; however, except a few, their applicability is questionable due to varying results. This article presents and discusses an advanced method to measure the degree of national criticality of metals conjoining both previously noted and pioneer indicators while considering China as the sample at the necessary point. The formulated methodology consists of a three-dimensional framework: supply risk, environmental risk, and supply restriction risk. The risk score of each indicator under each dimension is calculated through a specifically designed methodology. The risk score range is interpreted to a general 0–100 scale. The final risk score of each dimension is determined by averaging the total indicator risk score of that dimension. The developed criticality method is applicable for countries, which take part in the mineral production. The environmental-risk assessment is performed for 56–62 countries in reference to copper and aluminum production. Further discussion in relation to the country-specific criticality is decentralized observing the risk severity of indicators under two succinct approaches: single-metal approach and multiple-metal approach. The obtained results associated with China demonstrate that substantial criticalities can be aggregated in supply restriction and environmental sides regarding copper and aluminum, respectively. However, the environmental-risk assessment conducted for various nations in the world shows a very low risk status except the China’s situation. Although, such indicator quantifications in the proposed method are transparent, robust, reliable, and flexible to encounter medium-term perspectives, the conducted assessment is relatively static since the evaluation is almost based on the year 2015 statistics and information. Nevertheless, the created methodology will be advantageous as a decision-making tool to implement productive national strategies and policies to achieve resource sustainability. Here, a national government can address certain issues related to the metal production by distinghushing indicator values. A government can also determine what optimizations would strategically profitable in short and medium terms such as recycling, substitutes, and imports.
The segregated gun as an indicator of racism and representations in film
Authors: Aultman Julie M. , Piatt Elizabeth , Piatt Jason
Published: July 2020

Film emphasizes an ironic history of racism in gun control and ownership and a justification for seeking justice among the Black community, but film also perpetuates structural racism and bias, segregating Black from White, and failing to promote equality, solidarity, and progress. The gun is both a symbol of structural racism, and an expression through which critical attitudes and political statements can carry greater meaning and lead to positive action, empowerment, and desegregation. The symbolic meaning of guns in the hands of Blacks as violent, exceptional or some other stereotypical character trope is illustrated using three selected films including: Django Unchained, John Q., and Proud Mary. This paper is divided into three acts: Act I: The gun as symbol of structural racism in film; Act II: Stereotypical characters and their guns; Act III: Desegregation of the gun in film. These sections illustrate the meaning and representation of the gun as a theatrical object in film, and when in the hands of stereotypical character tropes, has perpetuated racist beliefs and attitudes that have not been adequately addressed in the film industry. To desegregate the gun in film, filmmakers need to critically examine the overt and hidden film texts and how the gun, and the characters wielding it, are perceived among audiences.
Molecular dynamics study on temperature and strain rate dependences of mechanical properties of single crystal Al under uniaxial loading
Authors: Li Zhigao , Gao Yongyi , Zhan Shiping , Fang Huihong , Zhang Zhongyi
Published: July 2020

Based on the embedded atomic method potential energy function, the uniaxial tensile and compressive deformation of nanocrystalline Al with different sizes in the crystal orientation ⟨100⟩ is studied by the atomistic molecular dynamics simulation approach at six different temperatures and three different strain rates. The simulation results show that, under the same simulation condition, the stress–strain curves of nanocrystalline Al in the process of uniaxial tension and compression are asymmetric and there exists a significant difference in the late region of elastic deformation. The reason for the asymmetry lies in the difference in the process that the work done by the surroundings converts into the strain energy of nanocrystalline Al in the deformation process. At the same temperature and strain rate, the tensile elastic modulus and yield strength of nanocrystalline Al are greater than those of compression. With the increase in temperature, the elastic modulus and yield strength of tension and compression gradually decrease and the two values tend to be the same with the increase in temperature. The higher the strain rate, the greater the yield strength and the corresponding yield strain of the nanocrystalline Al. Finally, the effects of size on the tensile and compressive properties of nanocrystalline Al are briefly discussed.
Study of the vortex structure of a subsonic jet in an axisymmetric transonic nozzle
Authors: Yan Dongfeng , Wei Zhijun , Xie Kan , Guo Changchao , Tang Wan , Wang Ningfei
Published: July 2020

The jet interaction flow field generated by a subsonic circular jet exhausting into a transonic cross-flow over a convergent–divergent nozzle is investigated using numerical simulations. The simulations use the three-dimensional large eddy simulation and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the standard k-ε turbulence model. The numerical method is verified via cold-flow and schlieren experiments. The vortex structures are identified via the Liutex–Omega method, and the flow details of various pressure ratios and injection angles are studied. The numerical results capture the main vortex structures of a jet in cross-flow, such as the trailing upper vortex and trailing major vortex. The trailing top vortex, which is difficult to capture, and a new vortex structure, named the longitudinal shear vortex, are both observed when the momentum flux is sufficiently large. This study identifies the longitudinal shear vortex for restricted flow, which to some extent facilitates the mixing of the cross-flow and the jet. The results presented in this paper indicate that the vortex structure distribution of a subsonic jet and transonic cross-flow in the restricted region can be optimized. The main vortex structures are analyzed in detail.
Performance study of affine transformation and the advanced clear-sky model to improve intra-day solar forecasts
Authors: Chen X. M. , Li Y. , Wang R. Z.
Published: July 2020

Solar irradiance forecasting is one of the most efficient methods to handle the potential problems caused by the large and frequent photovoltaic fluctuations. For the satellite-based forecasting method, the atmospheric attenuation is paid lesser attention than other parts (notably the cloud effects). This study aims to explore the possibility of improving irradiance forecasting by using an advanced clear-sky model (i.e., the McClear model) and the running-window based affine transformation with local measurements. The McClear model notably aims at accounting for aerosol and water vapor intraday variabilities, in contrast with the European solar radiation atlas (ESRA) model based on climatological monthly means of Linke turbidity. The affine transformation with a running window of few days in the sliding past can serve as a correction procedure and has the potential to lower the impacts by inaccurate atmospheric estimation. Irradiance forecasting is carried out at lead times from 15 min to 3 h at an interval of 15 min, based on China's second-generation geostationary satellite Fengyun-4A. The measure-oriented and distribution-oriented approaches are used for a comprehensive verification. The results show that without affine transformation, the forecasting model with the McClear model outperforms that with the ESRA model, due to better estimations of atmospheric attenuation. On the other hand, affine transformation significantly improves the forecasting models. Overestimations still exist but are significantly reduced to the range of 2%–5.5%. After affine transformation, the forecasting models achieve very close performances no matter which clear-sky model is implemented, except that forecasts with the McClear model are much better calibrated at a high irradiance level (i.e., 900 W/m2).
AP-Net: An atomic-pairwise neural network for smooth and transferable interaction potentials
Authors: Glick Zachary L. , Metcalf Derek P. , Koutsoukas Alexios , Spronk Steven A. , Cheney Daniel L. , Sherrill C. David
Published: July 2020

Intermolecular interactions are critical to many chemical phenomena, but their accurate computation using ab initio methods is often limited by computational cost. The recent emergence of machine learning (ML) potentials may be a promising alternative. Useful ML models should not only estimate accurate interaction energies but also predict smooth and asymptotically correct potential energy surfaces. However, existing ML models are not guaranteed to obey these constraints. Indeed, systemic deficiencies are apparent in the predictions of our previous hydrogen-bond model as well as the popular ANI-1X model, which we attribute to the use of an atomic energy partition. As a solution, we propose an alternative atomic-pairwise framework specifically for intermolecular ML potentials, and we introduce AP-Net—a neural network model for interaction energies. The AP-Net model is developed using this physically motivated atomic-pairwise paradigm and also exploits the interpretability of symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT). We show that in contrast to other models, AP-Net produces smooth, physically meaningful intermolecular potentials exhibiting correct asymptotic behavior. Initially trained on only a limited number of mostly hydrogen-bonded dimers, AP-Net makes accurate predictions across the chemically diverse S66x8 dataset, demonstrating significant transferability. On a test set including experimental hydrogen-bonded dimers, AP-Net predicts total interaction energies with a mean absolute error of 0.37 kcal mol−1, reducing errors by a factor of 2–5 across SAPT components from previous neural network potentials. The pairwise interaction energies of the model are physically interpretable, and an investigation of predicted electrostatic energies suggests that the model “learns” the physics of hydrogen-bonded interactions.
Backmapping coarse-grained macromolecules: An efficient and versatile machine learning approach
Authors: Li Wei , Burkhart Craig , Polińska Patrycja , Harmandaris Vagelis , Doxastakis Manolis
Published: July 2020

Multiscale modeling of polymers exchanges information between coarse and fine representations of molecules to capture material properties over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Restoring details at a finer scale requires us to generate information following embedded physics and statistics of the models at two different levels of description. Techniques designed to address this persistent challenge balance among accuracy, efficiency, and general applicability. In this work, we present an image-based approach for structural backmapping from coarse-grained to atomistic models with cis-1,4 polyisoprene melts as an illustrative example. Through machine learning, we train conditional generative adversarial networks on the correspondence between configurations at the levels considered. The trained model is subsequently applied to provide predictions of atomistic structures from the input coarse-grained configurations. The effect of different data representation schemes on training and prediction quality is examined. Our proposed backmapping approach shows remarkable efficiency and transferability over different molecular weights in the melt based on training sets constructed from oligomeric compounds. We anticipate that this versatile backmapping approach can be readily extended to other complex systems to provide high-fidelity initial configurations with minimal human intervention.
Thermoelectric properties of paracostibite fabricated using chemically synthesized Co–Sb–S nanoparticles as building blocks
Authors: Fei Shujie , Miyata Masanobu , Takahashi Mari , Dwivedi Pratibha , Zhou Wei , Ohta Michihiro , Maenosono Shinya
Published: July 2020

Paracostibite (CoSbS) is a promising candidate for n-type thermoelectric materials. In this study, a nanostructured CoSbS pellet was fabricated using chemically synthesized Co–Sb–S nanoparticles as building blocks. The CoSbS pellet showed the highest electrical conductivity (σ = 141 S/cm at 661 K) and lowest thermal conductivity [κ ≅ 2 W/(m K)] among the reported CoSbS. Detailed analysis of the electrical transport process in a wide temperature range (3 K–661 K) revealed the existence of a donor level. At a temperature less than 170 K, the resistivity showed Mott variable-range hopping behavior, while the band conduction became dominant as the temperature increased. Nanograins in the pellet significantly enhanced phonon scattering, resulting in suppression of κ. The maximum dimensionless figure of merit value was 0.05 at 661 K, which is comparable with previously reported values for CoSbS TE materials.
New convergence results on cellular neural networks with leakage delay and proportional delay
Authors: Xu Changjin , Liao Maoxin , Li Peiluan
Published: July 2020

In the present work, we mainly focus on shunting inhibitory cellular neural networks (SICNNs) involving leakage delays and proportional delays. By applying the inequality technique, a novel sufficient criterion to ascertain the convergence of every solution of SICNNs with leakage delays and proportional delays is derived. Simulation results are delineated to substantiate the correctness of our theoretical findings. Up to now, very few scholars deal with the neural networks with leakage delays and proportional delays. The derived conclusion of this work is a novelty and supplements several earlier works.
Quantum dynamics origin of high photocatalytic activity of mixed-phase anatase/rutile TiO2
Authors: Wei Yaqing , Tokina Marina V. , Benderskii Alexander V. , Zhou Zhaohui , Long Run , Prezhdo Oleg V.
Published: July 2020

Mixed anatase/rutile TiO2 exhibits high photocatalytic activity; however, the mechanism underlying the high performance of the mixed phases is not fully understood. We have performed time-domain ab initio calculations to study the exited state dynamics in mixed phase TiO2 and to investigate the impact of an oxygen vacancy on the dynamics. The anatase(100)/rutile(001) heterostructures with and without an oxygen vacancy used in this work exhibit type II band alignment with the conduction band of rutile residing above that of anatase. The oxygen vacancy introduces a hole trap state inside the bandgap. Owing to a strong coupling between the donor and acceptor states, the electron and hole transfers across the anatase/rutile interface occur on an ultrafast 100 fs timescale in both systems. The decoupling of electron and hole favors a long-lived charge separated state. The electron–hole recombination across the pristine anatase/rutile interface takes 6.6 ns and is significantly slower than that in the pure anatase and rutile phases, showing good agreement with experiments. The electron transfer dynamics is independent of the oxygen vacancy, which has some influence on the hole transfer and a strong effect on carrier recombination. By creating a hole trap state, the vacancy accelerates carrier losses by over an order of magnitude. The fast charge separation and the long lifetime of the charge separated state rationalize the enhanced photocatalytic performance of mixed phase TiO2 compared to the pure phases.
Bistable states in the wake of a wavy cylinder
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhou Dai , Katsuchi Hiroshi , Yamada Hitoshi , Han Zhaolong , Bao Yan
Published: July 2020

Wavy cylinders have been recognized as a type of effective flow control device in previous studies. In this paper, we investigate the wake dynamics of an optimally designed wavy cylinder that completely suppresses the Kármán vortex shedding. Such a wavy cylinder is forced to oscillate with a sinusoidal motion in the crossflow direction. Examination of the lift force spectrum reveals that for a fixed forcing amplitude, a critical forcing frequency exists, below which the flow control effectiveness of the wavy cylinder is retained and beyond which the inherent vortex shedding resurrects. The resurrected unsteady vortex shedding can persist even without sustained forcing. This indicates that in addition to the steady state developed from uniform initial condition, an oscillatory state exists in the wake of a wavy cylinder if the initial state is sufficiently perturbed. The newly revealed unsteady flow features comparable hydrodynamic performance with the benchmark two-dimensional cylinder. The discovery of the bistable states calls for re-examination of the flow control effectiveness of the wavy cylinder in more complicated inflow conditions.