bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel immunotherapeutic effects of topically administered ripasudil (K-115) on corneal allograft survival
Authors: Inomata Takenori , Fujimoto Keiichi , Okumura Yuichi , Zhu Jun , Fujio Kenta , Shokirova Hurramhon , Miura Maria , Okano Mikiko , Funaki Toshinari , Sung Jaemyoung , Negishi Naoko , Murakami Akira
Published: November 2020

Corneal allograft survival is mediated by the variety of immunological reactions and wound healing process. Our aim was to explore the effects of topical administration of ripasudil, a selective Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase inhibitor, on corneal allograft survival. Ripasudil was administered to mice thrice a day after allogeneic corneal transplantation. Corneal graft survival, opacity, neovascularization, re-epithelization, immune cell infiltration, and mRNA levels of angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors in the grafted cornea and draining lymph nodes (dLNs) were evaluated with slit-lamp microscopy, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and polymerase chain reaction. Graft survival was significantly prolonged with lower graft opacity and neovascularization scores in 0.4% and 2.0% ripasudil-treated groups, and mRNA levels of angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors in ripasudil-treated grafted corneas were reduced. Moreover, 0.4% and 2.0% ripasudil reduced CD45+-infiltrated leukocyte frequency, Cd11b and Cd11c mRNA levels, and the frequencies of mature dendritic cells, IFNγ-, and IL-17- producing CD4+T cells in the dLNs of recipients. Re-epithelization rate of the grafted cornea was significantly higher in the 0.4% and 2.0% ripasudil groups than in the control. Topically applied ripasudil prolonged graft survival by downregulating neovascularization and inflammation factors, while promoting corneal re-epithelization, suggesting that ripasudil may be useful for suppressing immunological rejection in corneal transplantation.
Complex network dynamics of the topological structure in a geochemical field from the Nanling area in South China
Authors: Peng Nian , Zhu Xiaoyan , Liu Yongshun , Nie Baofeng , Cui Ying , Geng Qianqian , Yu Chongwen
Published: November 2020

The topological classification of geochemical elements is widely used as a reference for regional prospecting prediction. In this study, we analyze the topological correlation structures of 39 representative geochemical elements from the Nanling area of South China by implementing the complex networks theory. The topological correlation structures of geochemical elements have a high clustering coefficient (0.8120–0.8880), but the magnitude of the shortest path (1.2950–2.3600) is small. In combination with the analysis of complex networks characteristics, we report that the topological correlation structures of the geochemical elements in this area have small-world characteristics, which reveals the self-organized criticality. As shown in the topological network, two random elements have some level of associations, which present a specific community feature. Our preliminary result shows that with changing the control parameter (k) of “coarse-graining”, the topological correlation structures undergo two critical phase transitions. As the control parameter (k) reaches 0.44, the entire element system evolves into two parts. When the control parameter (k) reaches 0.63, the system forms three “communities”. It is worth noting that the three “communities” are basically consistent with the Goldschmidt’s geochemical classification of the elements, which are lithophile, siderophile, and chalcophile groups, respectively. In these “communities”, we also found that a small level of component units is nested.
Formation of intramolecular dimer radical ions of diphenyl sulfones
Authors: Okamoto Kazumasa , Kawai Shunpei , Kozawa Takahiro
Published: November 2020

Dimer radical ions of aromatic molecules in which excess charge is localized in a pair of rings have been extensively investigated. While dimer radical cations of aromatics have been previously produced in the condensed phase, the number of molecules that form dimer anions is very limited. In this study, we report the formation of intramolecular dimer radical ions (cations and anions) of diphenyl sulfone derivatives (DPs) by electron beam pulse radiolysis in the liquid phase at room temperature. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations also showed the formation of the dimer radical ions. The torsion barrier of the phenyl ring of DPs was also calculated. It was found that the dimer radical ions show the larger barrier than the neutral state. Finally, stability of the dimer radical anion is dependent on not only the inductive effect of the sulfonyl group but the conjugation involving the d-orbital of the S atom and the phenyl rings.
Author Correction: On the processes influencing rapid intensity changes of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Bhalachandran Saiprasanth , Nadimpalli R. , Osuri K. K. , Marks F. D. , Gopalakrishnan S. , Subramanian S. , Mohanty U. C. , Niyogi D.
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Image-based phenotyping of disaggregated cells using deep learning
Authors: Berryman Samuel , Matthews Kerryn , Lee Jeong Hyun , Duffy Simon P. , Ma Hongshen
Published: November 2020

The ability to phenotype cells is fundamentally important in biological research and medicine. Current methods rely primarily on fluorescence labeling of specific markers. However, there are many situations where this approach is unavailable or undesirable. Machine learning has been used for image cytometry but has been limited by cell agglomeration and it is currently unclear if this approach can reliably phenotype cells that are difficult to distinguish by the human eye. Here, we show disaggregated single cells can be phenotyped with a high degree of accuracy using low-resolution bright-field and non-specific fluorescence images of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cytoskeleton. Specifically, we trained a convolutional neural network using automatically segmented images of cells from eight standard cancer cell-lines. These cells could be identified with an average F1-score of 95.3%, tested using separately acquired images. Our results demonstrate the potential to develop an “electronic eye” to phenotype cells directly from microscopy images.
Targeting endothelin 1 receptor-miR-200b/c-ZEB1 circuitry blunts metastatic progression in ovarian cancer
Authors: Sestito Rosanna , Cianfrocca Roberta , Tocci Piera , Rosanò Laura , Sacconi Andrea , Blandino Giovanni , Bagnato Anna
Published: November 2020

Identification of regulatory mechanisms underlying the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer is necessary for diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Here we show that endothelin A receptor (ETAR) and ZEB1 expression is upregulated in mesenchymal ovarian cancer and correlates with poor prognosis. Notably, the expression of ETAR and ZEB1 negatively correlates with miR-200b/c. These miRNAs, besides targeting ZEB1, impair ETAR expression through the 3’UTR binding. ZEB1, in turn, restores ETAR levels by transcriptionally repressing miR-200b/c. Activation of ETAR drives the expression of ZEB1 integrating the miR-200/ZEB1 double negative feedback loop. The ETAR-miR-200b/c-ZEB1 circuit promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell plasticity, invasiveness and metastasis. Of therapeutic interest, ETAR blockade with macitentan, a dual ETAR and ETBR antagonist, increases miR-200b/c and reduces ZEB1 expression with the concomitant inhibition of metastatic dissemination. Collectively, these findings highlight the reciprocal network that integrates ETAR and ZEB1 axes with the miR-200b/c regulatory circuit to favour metastatic progression in ovarian cancer.
A triple farnesoid X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/δ activator reverses hepatic fibrosis in diet-induced NASH in mice
Authors: Heitel Pascal , Faudone Giuseppe , Helmstädter Moritz , Schmidt Jurema , Kaiser Astrid , Tjaden Amelie , Schröder Martin , Müller Susanne , Schierle Simone , Pollinger Julius , Merk Daniel
Published: November 2020

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) - a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome - is a multifactorial disease with alarming global prevalence. It involves steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in the liver, thus demanding multiple modes of action for robust therapeutic efficacy. Aiming to fuse complementary validated anti-NASH strategies in a single molecule, we have designed and systematically optimized a scaffold for triple activation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and PPARδ. Pilot profiling of the resulting triple modulator demonstrated target engagement in native cellular settings and in mice, rendering it a suitable tool to probe the triple modulator concept in vivo. In DIO NASH in mice, the triple agonist counteracted hepatic inflammation and reversed hepatic fibrosis highlighting the potential of designed polypharmacology in NASH.
Near-infrared light-triggered nanobomb for in situ on-demand maximization of photothermal/photodynamic efficacy for cancer therapy
Authors: Liu Yan , Tian Jia , Fu Yulei , Yang Yingjie , Chen Mingmao , Zhang Qiqing
Published: November 2020

A novel near-infrared light-responsive nanobomb was developed to overcome the aggregation issues of PTT/PDT agents and fundamentally improve the synergistic efficacy in cancer therapy.
Introduction to Antibacterial Biomaterials
Authors: Cai Jianfeng , Liu Runhui
Published: November 2020

Jianfeng Cai and Runhui Liu introduce the Biomaterials Science themed issue on antibacterial biomaterials.
Revealing the biradicaloid nature inherited in the derivatives of thieno[3,4-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole: a computational study
Authors: Thomas Anup , Ji Chenru , Siddlingeshwar B. , Manohar Prashant Uday , Ying Fuming , Wu Wei
Published: November 2020

Computational studies were performed on non-classical thieno[3,4-c][1,2,5] thiadiazole and its π donor derivatives (TT dyes) so as to delineate the factors responsible for their near-infrared (NIR) absorption.
Microfluidic tank assisted nicotine sensing property of field effect transistor composed of an atomically thin MoS2channel
Authors: Mamun Muhammad Shamim Al , Tanaka Yudai , Waizumi Hiroki , Takaoka Tsuyoshi , Wang Zhipeng , Alam Md Iftekharul , Ando Atsushi , Fukuyama Mao , Hibara Akihide , Komeda Tadahiro
Published: November 2020

We investigated the sensor behavior of a field effect transistor, the channel of which is made of atomically thin MoS2layers, focusing on the interaction of the MoS2channel with the solution containing target molecules.
Bifunctional black phosphorus: coupling with hematite for Z-scheme photocatalytic overall water splitting
Authors: Wang Ming , Li Di , Zhao Yong , Shen Hao , Chen Biyi , Wu Xiaojie , Qiao Xiaolei , Shi Weidong
Published: November 2020

Z-scheme 2D–2D BP/α-Fe2O3 heterostructure enables preferable photocatalytic properties for efficient overall water splitting under visible light.
Effect of Mg substitution on LaTi1−xMgxO3+δ catalysts for improving the C2 selectivity of the oxidative coupling of methane
Authors: Lopes Larissa B. , Vieira Luiz H. , Assaf José M. , Assaf Elisabete M.
Published: November 2020

Mg substitution on B sites of La2Ti2O7 perovskites promoted changes in the surface active-site distribution leading to improvements in the C2 selectivity during the oxidative coupling of methane.
A new dynamic N2O reduction system based on Rh/ceria–zirconia: from mechanistic insight towards a practical application
Authors: Wang Yixiao , de Boer Jorrit Postuma , Makkee Michiel
Published: November 2020

Simultaneous reduction of N2O in the presence of co-existing oxidants, especially NO, from industrial plants, is a challenging task.
Tuning the morphology of CeO2 nanostructures using a template-free solvothermal process and their oxygen reduction reaction activity
Authors: Ghosh Debanjali , Parwaiz Shaikh , Mohanty Paritosh , Pradhan Debabrata
Published: November 2020

Solvothermally synthesized diverse shaped CeO2 nanostructures show excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity, suitable as a cathode catalyst in fuel cell.
The usefulness of energy decomposition schemes to rationalize host–guest interactions
Authors: Caramori Giovanni F. , Østrøm Ina , Ortolan Alexandre O. , Nagurniak Glaucio R. , Besen Vitor M. , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro , Orenha Renato P. , Parreira Renato L. T. , Galembeck Sérgio E.
Published: November 2020

The findings reported here reveal the robustness and practical application of EDA-NOCV in rationalizing molecular recognition situations in host–guest systems.
The effects of different extraction methods on the aroma fingerprint, recombination and visualization of clam soup
Authors: Huang Xu-Hui , Zhang Yu-Ying , Zhu Ming , Zhou Da-Yong , Du Ming , Zhu Bei-Wei , Dong Xiu-Ping , Fisk Ian , Qin Lei
Published: November 2020

Multi-extraction methods combined with GC-MS were utilized to obtain the comprehensive aroma fingerprint. The results of instrument and sensory were combined to explain odor perception. A neural network diagram was developed to visualize the aroma.
Oxidative ionothermal synthesis for micro and macro Zn-based materials
Authors: Malaret Francisco , Hallett Jason , Campbell Kyra Sedransk
Published: November 2020

Zn-Based materials produced by direct oxidation of metallic zinc in aqueous [C4C1im]Cl solutions.
Wide bandgap polymer donors for high efficiency non-fullerene acceptor based organic solar cells
Authors: He Keqiang , Kumar Pankaj , Yuan Yi , Li Yuning
Published: November 2020

Structural design and processing of wide bandgap (WBG) polymer donors for non-fullerene acceptors ITIC, IT-4F, and Y6 to achieve ultrahigh efficiency are discussed.
Discovery, affinity maturation and multimerization of small molecule ligands against human tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1
Authors: Catalano Marco , Bassi Gabriele , Rotondi Giulia , Khettabi Lyna , Dichiara Maria , Murer Patrizia , Scheuermann Jörg , Soler-Lopez Montserrat , Neri Dario
Published: November 2020

A series of different strategies were oriented toward the discovery of small molecule ligands binding to the human version of tyrosinase (hTYR) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (hTYRP1), which may represent the basis for novel treatments of melanoma.
Chromatin hierarchical branching visualized at the nanoscale by electron microscopy
Authors: Zhou Zhongwu , Yan Rui , Jiang Wen , Irudayaraj Joseph M. K.
Published: November 2020

Interphase chromatin in mammalian cells is spatially organized in a hierarchical branching manner allowing easy genomic transition from lower order nucleosomal arrays to higher order heterochromatin.
Recent advances in phase change material based nanoplatforms for cancer therapy
Authors: Cao Changyu , Yang Nan , Dai Hanming , Huang Han , Song Xuejiao , Zhang Qi , Dong Xiaochen
Published: November 2020

The enhanced synergistic effect of cancer combination therapy could be realized with the support of controllable thermal-responsive PCM-based nanoplatforms.
Second-harmonic generation enhancement in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides by using an epsilon-near-zero substrate
Authors: Vianna Pilar G. , Almeida Aline dos S. , Gerosa Rodrigo M. , Bahamon Dario A. , de Matos Christiano J. S.
Published: November 2020

The scheme illustrates a monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide on an epsilon-near-zero substrate. The substrate near-zero dielectric constant is used as the enhancement mechanism to maximize the SHG nonlinear effect on monolayer 2D materials.
Prediction of room-temperature ferromagnetism and large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in a planar hypercoordinate FeB3monolayer
Authors: Tang Cheng , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Sanvito Stefano , Du Aijun
Published: November 2020

Predicted ferromagnetic FeB3monolayer simultaneously possesses the high transition temperature and large perpendicular anisotropy, leading to great potentials in highly efficient spintronic applications.
Bis-heteroleptic Ru(ii) polypyridine complex-based luminescent probes for nerve agent simulant and organophosphate pesticide
Authors: Sen Bhaskar , Rabha Monosh , Sheet Sanjoy Kumar , Koner Debaprasad , Saha Nirmalendu , Khatua Snehadrinarayan
Published: November 2020

Two bis-heteroleptic Ru(ii) complexes of a 4,7-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline ligand were synthesized for the detection of the nerve agent gas mimic, DCP, and the organophosphate pesticide, dichlorvos, through the “off–on” luminescence response.
First-order-reversal-curve analysis of rare earth permanent magnet nanostructures: insight into the coercivity enhancement mechanism through regulating the Nd-rich phase
Authors: Xu Junjie , Zhu Kai , Li Wei , Wang Xiaobai , Yang Ziyu , Hou Yanglong , Gao Song
Published: November 2020

The coercivity enhancement mechanism of Nd2Fe14B-based nanostructures with Nd-rich phase is revealed by first-order-reversal-curve diagram, which is that increased Nd-rich phase content leads to optimized magnetic interactions and microstructure.
Thermally responsive AIE-active polyurethanes based on a tetraaniline derivative
Authors: Liu Beibei , Wang Kun , Lu Hao , Huang Mingming , Shen Zhigang , Yang Jiping
Published: November 2020

Polyurethanes with an AIE fluorophore (tetraaniline derivative) are thermo-responsive, demonstrating that AIE-active polyurethane films have promising applications in stimuli-responsive materials.
N,S co-doped hierarchical porous carbon from Chinese herbal residues for high-performance supercapacitors and oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Lin , Xu Qinqin , Wang Xia , Sun Qi , He Feng , Pan Weidong , Xie Haibo
Published: November 2020

Typical Chinese herbal gallnut residue, an organic waste threatening the environment during the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, was used as a precursor to prepare heteroatom co-doped hierarchical porous carbon materials with electrochemical properties.
In situ synthesis of SO3H supported Fe3O4@resorcinol–formaldehyde resin core/shell and its catalytic evaluation towards the synthesis of hexahydroquinoline derivatives in green conditions
Authors: Barzkar Aliyeh , Beni Alireza Salimi
Published: November 2020

A novel core@double-shell acidic nanocatalyst (Fe3O4@SiO2@RF–SO3H) was prepared, characterized and applied in catalytic one-pot condensation between aromatic aldehydes, dimedone, malononitrile, and ammonium acetate for synthesis of hexahydroquinoline derivatives.
Patterned waveguide liquid crystal displays
Authors: Shin Yunho , Jiang Jinghua , Qin Guangkui , Wang Qian , Zhou Ziyuan , Yang Deng-Ke
Published: November 2020

A polymer stabilized LC based light waveguide display is reported. Performance is improved by patterned photo-polymerization or electrode. It has high brightness, ultrafast switching time, high contrast ratio, and high transmittance for transparent and augmented displays.
Removal of atrazine from aqueous solutions onto a magnetite/chitosan/activated carbon composite in a fixed-bed column system: optimization using response surface methodology
Authors: Agani Ignace , Fatombi Jacques K. , Osseni Sèmiyou A. , Idohou Esta A. , Neumeyer David , Verelst Marc , Mauricot Robert , Aminou Taofiki
Published: November 2020

In this study, a magnetite/chitosan/activated carbon (MCHAC) composite is proposed as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of atrazine from aqueous solutions.
Characteristics and mechanism of toluene removal by double dielectric barrier discharge combined with an Fe2O3/TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst
Authors: Wang Rui , Ren Jiaze , Wu Jiangyou , Wu Lanlan
Published: November 2020

The removal efficiency of toluene and CO2 selectivity were improved and the production of O3 and NOx was reduced by using DBD combined with different catalysts.
All-solid-state flexible supercapacitor based on nanotube-reinforced polypyrrole hollowed structures
Authors: Kwon Hyungho , Han Dong Jin , Lee Byung Yang
Published: November 2020

Nanotube-reinforced polypyrrole nanowires with hollowed cavities allow the fabrication of a flexible supercapacitor with a large specific capacitance.
Chitosan nanobeads loaded with Biginelli hybrids as cell-selective toxicity systems with a homogeneous distribution of the cell cycle in cancer treatment
Authors: Ristovski (Trifunović) Jovana , Žižak Željko , Marković Smilja , Janković Nenad , Ignjatović Nenad
Published: November 2020

Chitosan nanoparticles containing tetrahydropyrimidines were developed and tested for the first time as simple and promising vehicles for anticancer Biginelli-based drugs.
The influence mechanism of nano-alumina content in semi-solid ceramic precursor fluid on the forming performance via a light-cured 3D printing method
Authors: Yang Kepeng , Xu Sanqiang , Li Bailu
Published: November 2020

The influence mechanism of nano-alumina content on the forming performance of the light-cured 3D printing method was clarified.
Charge stabilization via electron exchange: excited charge separation in symmetric, central triphenylamine derived, dimethylaminophenyl–tetracyanobutadiene donor–acceptor conjugates
Authors: Yadav Indresh S. , Alsaleh Ajyal Z. , Misra Rajneesh , D'Souza Francis
Published: November 2020

The significance of electron exchange in stabilizing the charge-separated state is revealed in multi-modular donor–acceptor conjugates.
Simultaneous detection of small molecule thiols with a simple 19F NMR platform
Authors: Chai Zhaofei , Wu Qiong , Cheng Kai , Liu Xiaoli , Jiang Ling , Liu Maili , Li Conggang
Published: November 2020

A 19F NMR platform, capable of discriminating various small molecule thiols, was designed for in-cell thiol differentiation and monitoring, and further detection of the γ-GT activity, demonstrating the wide applications in thiol-related processes.
Torque-dense photomechanical actuation
Authors: Babaei Mahnoush , Gao Junfeng , Clement Arul , Dayal Kaushik , Shankar M. Ravi
Published: November 2020

Light driven creasing instabilities in photoactive polymers achieve torque densities comparable to those obtained from electromechanical systems. Photomechanical actuation occurs at ms-time scales and generates torque densities from 1–10 N m kg−1.
Doping by design: finding new n-type dopable ABX4 Zintl phases for thermoelectrics
Authors: Qu Jiaxing , Stevanović Vladan , Ertekin Elif , Gorai Prashun
Published: November 2020

Discovering new materials with designed doping and functional properties through chemical replacements in promising prototype structures.
Carbon nitride nanotube-based materials for energy and environmental applications: a review of recent progresses
Authors: Zhu Yuxiang , Feng Yi , Chen Shuangling , Ding Meili , Yao Jianfeng
Published: November 2020

Among the diverse graphitic carbon nitride (CN) nanostructures, CN nanotubes (CNNTs) are currently attracting increasing interest due to the appealing properties of CN and the geometric advantages of one-dimensional (1D) nanotubes.
Polyoxometalate-pillared metal–organic frameworks synthesized by surfactant-assisted strategy and incorporated with carbon nanotubes for energy storage
Authors: Yang Xi-Ya , Li Wen-Jing , Tan Zeng-Long , Sha Jing-Quan , Tong Zhi-Bo , Zhang Yu , Lan Ya-Qian
Published: November 2020

Two new crystalline POM-pillared 3D porous arrays, Co-PMo and Co-PW, have been synthesized. The Co-PMo/CNTs nanocomposites with increased effective sites and excellent conductivity exhibit excellent energy storage performance.
Crystalline red phosphorus for selective photocatalytic reduction of CO2into CO
Authors: Hu Zhuofeng , Lu Yinglong , Liu Minghao , Zhang Xiaoyue , Cai JunJie
Published: November 2020

Herein, we discover that amorphous red P is able to selectively reduce CO2to CO.
Lysosome-targeting pH indicator based on peri-fused naphthalene monoimide with superior stability for long term live cell imaging
Authors: Tannert Astrid , Garcia Lopez Javier , Petkov Nikolay , Ivanova Anela , Peneva Kalina , Neugebauer Ute
Published: November 2020

Lysosomal pH is altered in many pathophysiological conditions. We describe synthesis and spectral properties of a new lysosomal fluorescent marker dye suitable for microscopic evaluation of lysosomal distribution and pH changes.
Preparation of interference pigments using black graphite nanosheets
Authors: Kumano Naomi , Tanaka Hiromitsu , Akimoto Yusuke , Nakamura Hiroshi
Published: November 2020

Interference pigments exhibiting enhanced color were synthesized with graphite nanosheets as a novel black substrate.
High-performance near-infrared (NIR) polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) based on bipolar Ir(iii)-complex-grafted polymers
Authors: Li Wentao , Wang Baowen , Miao Tiezheng , Liu Jiaxiang , Fu Guorui , Lü Xingqiang , Feng Weixu , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: November 2020

Despite the cost-effective and large-area scalable advantages of NIR-PLEDs based on iridium(iii)-complex-doped polymers, the intrinsic phase-separation issue leading to inferior device performance is difficult to address.
Single nanoflake-based PtSe2 p–n junction (in-plane) formed by optical excitation of point defects in BN for ultrafast switching photodiodes
Authors: Aftab Sikandar , Samiya Ms , Haq Hafiz Mansoor Ul , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Hussain Muhammad , Yousuf Saqlain , Rehman Atteq Ur , Khan Muhammad Usman , Ahmed Zaheer , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir
Published: November 2020

Here, novel lateral PtSe2 p–n junctions are fabricated based on the PtSe2/BN/graphene (Gr) van der Waals heterostructures upon the illumination of visible light via the optical excitation of the mid-gap point defects in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN).
CYP1B1 as a therapeutic target in cardio-oncology
Authors: Carrera Alexa N. , Grant Marianne K.O. , Zordoky Beshay N.
Published: November 2020

Cardiovascular complications have been frequently reported in cancer patients and survivors, mainly because of various cardiotoxic cancer treatments. Despite the known cardiovascular toxic effects of these treatments, they are still clinically used because of their effectiveness as anti-cancer agents. In this review, we discuss the growing body of evidence suggesting that inhibition of the cytochrome P450 1B1 enzyme (CYP1B1) can be a promising therapeutic strategy that has the potential to prevent cancer treatment-induced cardiovascular complications without reducing their anti-cancer effects. CYP1B1 is an extrahepatic enzyme that is expressed in cardiovascular tissues and overexpressed in different types of cancers. A growing body of evidence is demonstrating a detrimental role of CYP1B1 in both cardiovascular diseases and cancer, via perturbed metabolism of endogenous compounds, production of carcinogenic metabolites, DNA adduct formation, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to induce CYP1B1 in cardiovascular and cancer cells, possibly via activating the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), ROS generation, and inflammatory cytokines. Induction of CYP1B1 is detrimental in many ways. First, it can induce or exacerbate cancer treatment-induced cardiovascular complications. Second, it may lead to significant chemo/radio-resistance, undermining both the safety and effectiveness of cancer treatments. Therefore, numerous preclinical studies demonstrate that inhibition of CYP1B1 protects against chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and prevents chemo- and radio-resistance. Most of these studies have utilized phytochemicals to inhibit CYP1B1. Since phytochemicals have multiple targets, future studies are needed to discern the specific contribution of CYP1B1 to the cardioprotective and chemo/radio-sensitizing effects of these phytochemicals.
Bimodal Benefits Revealed by Categorical Perception of Lexical Tones in Mandarin-Speaking Kindergarteners With a Cochlear Implant and a Contralateral Hearing Aid
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Jing , Peng Gang , Ding Hongwei , Zhang Yang
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Pitch reception poses challenges for individuals with cochlear implants (CIs), and adding a hearing aid (HA) in the nonimplanted ear is potentially beneficial. The current study used fine-scale synthetic speech stimuli to investigate the bimodal benefit for lexical tone categorization in Mandarin-speaking kindergarteners using a CI and an HA in opposite ears.

Method

The data were collected from 16 participants who were required to complete two classical tasks for speech categorical perception (CP) with CI + HA device condition and CI alone condition. Linear mixed-effects models were constructed to evaluate the identification and discrimination scores across different device conditions.

Results

The bimodal kindergarteners showed CP for the continuum varying from Mandarin Tone 1 and Tone 2. Moreover, the additional acoustic information from the contralateral HA contributes to improved lexical tone categorization, with a steeper slope, a higher discrimination score of between-category stimuli pair, and an improved peakedness score (i.e., an increased benefit magnitude for discriminations of between-category over within-category pairs) for the CI + HA condition than the CI alone condition. The bimodal kindergarteners with better residual hearing thresholds at 250 Hz level in the nonimplanted ear could perceive lexical tones more categorically.

Conclusion

The enhanced CP results with bimodal listening provide clear evidence for the clinical practice to fit a contralateral HA in the nonimplanted ear in kindergarteners with unilateral CIs with direct benefits from the low-frequency acoustic hearing.
Dual semantic interdependencies attention network for person re‐identification
Authors: Yang Shengrong , Hu Haifeng , Chen Dihu , Su Tao
Published: November 2020

Attention mechanisms are widely used in re‐identification (reID) tasks, but few attention‐based architectures have considered integrating local features with their global dependencies, that is the previous works do not model the semantic interdependencies in both spatial dimension and channel dimension. Intuitively, for person feature representations, it is important to model the interdependencies between human body semantics. In this Letter, the authors proposed a dual semantic interdependencies attention module to capture semantic interdependencies in both spatial dimension and channel dimension simultaneously. Besides, they designed a deep supervision branch to directly guide the training of the attention modules and innovatively introduce a channels random dropping mechanism in the training phase to promote the attention modules to capture more discriminative information. Extensive experimental results show that the network merging the above strategies achieves state‐of‐the‐art results on the mainstream reID data sets.
Titania‐based transformer nanofluid: a study on the synthesis for enhanced breakdown strength and its humidity ageing
Authors: Raja S. , Koperundevi G.
Published: November 2020

Researches on the transformer oil‐based nanofluids to determine its suitability for replacing the conventional liquid insulation has been consistently happening for more than a decade. Yet, to prepare an optimum blend of transformer oil‐based nanofluid with the stability compliance and superior breakdown (BD) characteristics is still a key issue to be addressed. So to achieve the higher BD voltages (BDVs) with good stability, the nanoparticle and surfactant weights dispersed in the oil should be optimised to at least possible critical levels. In this work, dielectric BD characteristic of mineral oil dispersed with TiO2 nanoparticle and surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) is been studied with the applied AC and DC high voltages, which is termed as titania‐based transformer nanofluid (TTNF) for this study. Series of TTNF samples were synthesised with different weights of TiO2 nanoparticle and CTAB, and the partial discharge inception voltage, AC and DC BDV were experimented to ascertain the optimum concentration level. Results show that the AC and DC BDV enhanced up to 36.23 and 43.07%, respectively, for the TTNF prepared with 0.00562 wt% of TiO2 and its 1% weight of CTAB, which was stable for around eight weeks.
Novel design of a coreless axial‐flux permanent‐magnet generator with three‐layer winding coil for small wind turbines
Authors: Yao Wu‐Sung , Cheng Ming‐Te , Yu Jyh‐Cheng
Published: November 2020

This study presents a novel design of the three‐layer winding coil sets of a coreless axial‐flux permanent‐magnet generator applied to small wind turbines. The proposed generator design consists of two rotors and an integrated stator with flattened winding coil sets of three‐phase three layers connected using a wye configuration. An analytical model of the inductance and resistance of the coil set is described to analyse the influence of the coil shape variation due to winding imperfection. The air gap magnetic flux distribution analysis shows the advantage of the integrated flatten coil sets compared with a typical stack up three layers stator. An experimental design is conducted for the parameter design of geometric variables to optimise the output power of the proposed axial‐flux permanent‐magnet design. A prototype generator is then constructed to compare with a benchmark generator that has a rated output power of 300 W at 800 rpm. The proposed design outperforms the benchmark generator by 26.5% in terms of generated power at a typical driving rotation velocity of 500 rpm for a small wind turbine, and demonstrates a superior performance at a lower driving speed range, which is particularly important in a small wind turbine application.
The GRAVITY young stellar object survey
Authors:   GRAVITY Collaboration, Koutoulaki M. , Garcia Lopez R. , Natta A. , Fedriani R. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Ray T. P. , Coffey D. , Brandner W. , Dougados C. , Garcia P. J. V. , Klarmann L. , Labadie L. , Perraut K. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Lin C.-C. , Amorim A. , Bauböck M. , Benisty M. , Berger J. P. , Buron A. , Caselli P. , Clénet Y. , Coudé du Foresto V. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Duvert G. , de Wit W. , Eckart A. , Eisenhauer F. , Filho M. , Gao F. , Gendron E. , Genzel R. , Gillessen S. , Grellmann R. , Habibi M. , Haubois X. , Haussmann F. , Henning T. , Hippler S. , Hubert Z. , Horrobin M. , Jimenez Rosales A. , Jocou L. , Kervella P. , Kolb J. , Lacour S. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Léna P. , Linz H. , Ott T. , Paumard T. , Perrin G. , Pfuhl O. , Ramírez-Tannus M. C. , Rau C. , Rousset G. , Scheithauer S. , Shangguan J. , Stadler J. , Straub O. , Straubmeier C. , Sturm E. , van Dishoeck E. , Vincent F. , von Fellenberg S. , Widmann F. , Wieprecht E. , Wiest M. , Wiezorrek E. , Yazici S. , Zins G.
Published: November 2020

Context. 51 Oph is a Herbig Ae/Be star that exhibits strong near-infrared CO ro-vibrational emission at 2.3 μm, most likely originating in the innermost regions of a circumstellar disc.

Aims. We aim to obtain the physical and geometrical properties of the system by spatially resolving the circumstellar environment of the inner gaseous disc.

Methods. We used the second-generation Very Large Telescope Interferometer instrument GRAVITY to spatially resolve the continuum and the CO overtone emission. We obtained data over 12 baselines with the auxiliary telescopes and derive visibilities, and the differential and closure phases as a function of wavelength. We used a simple local thermal equilibrium ring model of the CO emission to reproduce the spectrum and CO line displacements.

Results. Our interferometric data show that the star is marginally resolved at our spatial resolution, with a radius of ~10.58 ± 2.65R⊙. The K-band continuum emission from the disc is inclined by 63° ± 1°, with a position angle of 116° ± 1°, and 4 ± 0.8 mas (0.5 ± 0.1 au) across. The visibilities increase within the CO line emission, indicating that the CO is emitted within the dust-sublimation radius. By modelling the CO bandhead spectrum, we derive that the CO is emitted from a hot (T = 1900–2800 K) and dense (NCO = (0.9–9) × 1021 cm−2) gas. The analysis of the CO line displacement with respect to the continuum allows us to infer that the CO is emitted from a region 0.10 ± 0.02 au across, well within the dust-sublimation radius. The inclination and position angle of the CO line emitting region is consistent with that of the dusty disc.

Conclusions. Our spatially resolved interferometric observations confirm the CO ro-vibrational emission within the dust-free region of the inner disc. Conventional disc models exclude the presence of CO in the dust-depleted regions of Herbig AeBe stars. Ad hoc models of the innermost disc regions, that can compute the properties of the dust-free inner disc, are therefore required.
Evaluation of a potential field source surface model with elliptical source surfaces via ballistic back mapping of in situ spacecraft data
Authors: Kruse M. , Heidrich-Meisner V. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F.
Published: November 2020

Context. The potential field source surface (PFSS) model is an important tool that helps link the solar coronal magnetic field to the solar wind. Due to its simplicity, it allows for predictions to be computed rapidly and requires little input data, though at the cost of reduced accuracy compared to more complex models. So far, PFSS models have almost exclusively been computed for a spherical outer boundary or “source surface”. Changing this to an elliptical source surface holds promise to increase its prediction accuracy without the necessity of incorporating complex computations or additional model assumptions.

Aims. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the merit of adding another parameter, namely the ellipticity of the source surface, to the PFSS model. In addition, the applicability of the PFSS model during different periods of the solar activity cycle as well as the impact of the source surface radius are analyzed.

Methods. To evaluate the model, in situ spacecraft data are mapped back to the source surface via a ballistic approach. The in situ magnetic field polarity is compared to the magnetic field polarity predicted by the model at the source surface. This method is based on the assumption that better performing models provide better agreements between the prediction and the measured magnetic field polarity. We employ data from the Advanced Composition Explorer and the twin Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) for this analysis.

Results. We show that the PFSS model performs slightly better with oblate elliptical source surfaces elongated along the solar equatorial plane, although the best found ellipticity varies for different spacecraft and periods. In addition, it is demonstrated that the performance of the presented analysis degrades during the active times of the solar activity cycle.
Throughput optimization for flying ad hoc network based on position control using genetic algorithm
Authors: Liu Jianqiang , Huo Shuai , Wang Yi
Published: November 2020

In some complex applications, Flying Ad Hoc Network (FANET) can provide important support for multi UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) cooperation. In FANET each UAV is equivalent to a router, and the wireless link between them forms a network to achieve the purpose of relay communication. Throughput is an important network performance, and the position of UAV nodes affects it. In this paper, we analyze the influencing factors of FANET throughput with UAV position and terminator selection in first; Secondly we construct the mathematical model of throughput optimization of FANET; Thirdly we propose an algorithm based on genetic algorithm to optimize the position of UAV, and then maximize the throughput. Preparing for using genetic algorithm, we design the related details: Numbering Area, Determining the adjacency matrix and correlation matrix, determining the range of UAV node position movement. The key points of the genetic algorithm for FANET is proposed include the following aspects: coding and population initialization, fitness function, and chromosome replication/crossover/mutation and termination criteria. At last, Matlab is used to simulate the proposed algorithm from three aspects: performance, effect of Radius of Position Constraint (RPC) and effect of Radius of Particle Size (RPS). The results show that the throughput can reach the expected goal by controlling the UAV　position, and the optimization speed is related to the RPC and RPS.
Efficacy of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on mouth opening and pain after surgical extraction of mandibular third molars
Authors: Hanif Maidah , Sheikh Muhammad Azhar
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Surgery of mandibular third molar teeth for removal is one of the most common procedures undertaken in oral and maxillofacial surgery departments. The complications created by the post extraction wound healing and physiological consecution of third molar surgery can affect patients' quality of life. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentrate of platelets suspended in the Plasma that accelerates healing by concentration of growth factors which lessen the inflammation and as a result pain and trismus. Materials and methods: A Study was conducted on 130 patients at the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, FUCD Islamabad, for a period of 6 months after ethical approval. The patients with impacted mandibular wisdom teeth were selected and divided equally into two equal groups. The pain score was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and trismus was measured using Vernier caliper before the surgery, immediately after surgery, on 3rd and 7th follow up visits. Results: The mean postoperative pain on 7th day was significantly lower in the PRP group with statistically significant P-value <0.0001. Trismus was also less reported in the PRP group with P-value <0.00065. Conclusion: Platelet Rich Plasma is effective to lessen trismus and pain after surgical removal of mandibular third molar teeth.
Update on the management of orbitozygomatic fractures
Authors: Mabika Bredel Djeri Djor , Garango Allaye , Lahmiti Saad , Nguessan Dominique , Coulibaly Toua Antoine , Traoré Ibrahïma , Mansouri-Hattab Nadia
Published: November 2020

Orbitozygomatic fractures are an important aspect of facial trauma. Although the literature in maxillofacial surgery is rich on the question, this article resulting from the experience of a maxillofacial surgeon brings additional data in the knowledge of the subject. This is particularly the case with regard to the principles of examination, the pathways first, the principles of restraint and osteosynthesis, and the various surgery-related complications, as well as the precautions to be adopted to minimize them. The most important thing to remember is that the management approach is often variable, and the right choice is summed up in the clinical perception and level of expertise and comfort of the surgeon, while also considering the patient's point of view.
Effects of the SARS-CoV2-Lockdown on Pediatric Care in the Rhine-Main
Area
Authors: Donath Helena , Zielen Stefan , Wittekindt Boris , Klingebiel Thomas , Graf Jürgen , Eckrich Martin , Walter Christian , Blümchen Katharina
Published: November 2020

Background The effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and lockdown on pediatric diseases and care
are not well characterized in Germany.

Patients and Methods To investigate the effects of the lockdown on
pediatric medical care in the Rhine-Main area, a survey asking 115 pediatricians
and an analysis of the inpatient admissions at the Department for Children and
Adolescents Goethe-University, Frankfurt in April 2020 compared to April 2019
was performed.

Results 65/115 (56.5%) pediatricians answered the survey.
Pediatricians estimated the reduction of patient consultations in April 2020 vs.
2019 by 40% (median), however, according to their practice
administration software, patient visits decreased by 30%. The median
number of cases with the diagnosis J21 (acute bronchitis) were significantly
less in April 2020 vs. April 2019 (50 vs. 10 cases per pediatrician;
p<0.001). Simultaneously, hospital admissions decreased by 43.7%
from 402 total cases in April 2019 to 226 cases in April 2020. Hospital
admissions due to acute respiratory tract infections or asthma exacerbations as
well as neonatal and oncological disorders were significantly reduced compared
to the previous year (83.7; 38.1 and 22.1% respectively less to
2019).

Conclusion The lockdown in April 2020 resulted in significantly fewer
visits to pediatricians in general practice and hospital admissions, especially
for acute respiratory tract infections. The health and economic consequences are
discussed.
Therapeutic Approach against 2019-nCoV by Inhibition of ACE-2 Receptor
Authors: Kumar Gajendra , Kumar Dharmendra , Singh Netra Pal
Published: November 2020

The continued spread of 2019-nCoV has prompted widespread concern around the world. WHO formally named COVID-19 and International Committee on Taxonomy called it Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to this viral attack, the whole world is in lockdown. Presently, there is no effective way to control it, except social distancing and hygienic activity. World class scientists and researchers are trying to make vaccine and discover the medicine against the control and cure to this deadly viral disease. Our aim to presenting this article is kick-off deadly viral disease i.e COVID-19 by an easy way with minimum intervention and effort. Different ayurvedic therapeutic agents (Curcuma Longa L, Green tea and Piper nigrum) inhabit entry of virus in host cell, transmission of pathogen and improve the immunity. Curcumin and piperine (1-piperoylpiperidine) interact to each other and form a π—π intermolecular complex which enhance the bioavailability of curcumin by inhibition of glucuronidation of curcumin in liver. Both the molecules curcumin and catechin get bound directly to receptors binding domain of S-protein and ACE-2 receptors of host cell, due to which these molecules inhibit the entry of virus in host cell i. e. animal survives from being infected.
A Pencil in Spinal Canal-penetrating Injury–Endoscopic Management
Authors: Agrawal Vivek , Rathod Kailash , Rangnekar Ranjit
Published: November 2020

Penetrating spinal trauma is a rare event and mostly occurs as a result of assault or accident. There is no specific management protocol about such injuries. We are reporting a case of spinal trauma in a child of 6 years, who encountered a penetrating injury to the lower back when he fell over a sharp pencil. It resulted in a penetrating wound in the lower back with half of the broken pencil fragment lodged deep into the wound. There was a watery discharge from the wound with severe backache and radiating pain in both lower limbs. On clinical examination, motor power of both lower limbs was 5/5 (Medical Research Council [MRC] grade) with intact sensation and severely restricted straight leg raise (SLR). Imaging revealed a large fragment of pencil lodged in the spinal canal at L4 vertebral level. Surgical removal of foreign bodies and dura repair was done with endoscope and without laminectomy. The backache and lower limb pain relieved completely with healing of puncture site. In this case, the endoscopic technique enabled us to direct visualize penetration tract, injured structures, removal of foreign bodies and hematoma with repair of dura and without doing a destabilizing bone cutting and tissue damage.