bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
voz reivindicativa de Gamaliel Churata y José María Memet desde la filosofía andina
Authors: Viñamagua-Quezada Glenda , Puma-Torres Paúl
Published: January 2021

La literatura reivindicativa es fuente de pensamiento, resistencia y compromiso con el ser humano y con la sociedad. Estas características están presentes en las composiciones poéticas de escritores latinoamericanos que han orientado su labor hacia la literatura comprometida.  Este estudio ha reunido a las voces de dos representantes de la poesía latinoamericana: Gamaliel Churata y José María Memet. Ellos abordan la temática de la reivindicación con respecto a la hegemonía occidental, así la razón de su obra poética radica en mostrar a quienes han sido relegados de la sociedad. A partir de esta premisa, el objetivo de este estudio es exponer las líneas de pensamiento desarrolladas en la producción literaria de estos dos poetas. La de Churata, configurada desde el indigenismo, mientras que la de Memet desde la poesía latinoamericana contemporánea. En ambos momentos históricos se demuestra que el pensamiento hegemónico no domina el lenguaje del arte, pues este, por sí mismo, se convierte en un espacio donde se construye la reivindicación, como una alternativa al sistema impuesto desde occidente. Para la realización de este estudio se ha empleado el método analítico-sintético y la investigación documental. Así se aplicarán los preceptos de la filosofía andina desde la visión de Josef Estermann, en el análisis interpretativo de los poemas Holocausto de todo amor para él de Gamaliel Churata y La misión del hombre de José María Memet. De esta manera se identificarán los rasgos reivindicativos que emergen en mencionadas composiciones líricas a propósito de los principios de la filosofía andina.
Sistemas de gestión y su importancia para el desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Albuja Diego , Sandoval Doménica
Published: January 2021

Los modelos del sistema de gestión, de carácter voluntario para las organizaciones, han comenzado a considerarse como una estratégica para alcanzar el éxito institucional y adoptar direcciones innovadoras. El establecer y gestionar estos modelos independientemente para una misma organización conlleva ciertas dificultades. Por lo que se preferiría ser un sistema más lógico para brindar una visión global de todos los estándares, de manera que se logre integrar a todos. Los sistemas de gestión integrados pueden adecuarse a los requisitos de la organización, esto implica diversos estándares de sistemas de gestión. Por lo tanto, no existe un patrón frecuente preciso para dichos estándares globales. Estos sistemas de gestión proporcionan a las organizaciones una filosofía de gestión para que los procesos se manejen con éxito y logren los resultados deseados. Cuando la filosofía de gestión procedente es aplicada por la gerencia y los colaboradores, se forma una cultura corporativa. Las consecuencias de los sistemas de gestión integrados aplicados en el desarrollo sostenible de la organización se pueden clasificar en seis categorías: gestión, personas, mercado, producción, medio ambiente y salud y seguridad ocupacional.
PENGARUH GAME EDUKASI KAHOOT! TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP MAHASISWA CALON GURU SEKOLAH DASAR PADA MATERI PERPINDAHAN KALOR
Authors: Erfan Muhammad , Archi Maulyda Mohammad
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan penguasaan konsep mahasiswa calon guru sekolah dasar pada materi perpindahan kalor menggunakan game edukasi Kahoot! pada kelas yang belajar dengan metode ceramah melalui webmeeting pada perkuliahan daring. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest-posttest control group. Sampel pada penelitian ini diambil dengan cluster random sampling dan diperoleh kelas 5A sebagai kelas eksperimen yaitu kelas yang belajar melalui webmeeting pada perkuliahan daring disertai game edukasi Kahoot! dan kelas 5E sebagai kelas kontrol yang belajar dengan metode ceramah melalui webmeeting pada perkuliahan daring. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan teknik tes dan dianalisis dengan uji-t sampel independen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada nilai rata-rata posttest pemahaman konsep mahasiswa calon guru sekolah dasar pada materi perpindahan kalor di kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Nilai rata-rata posttest pemahaman konsep mahasiswa pada kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol sehingga game edukasi Kahoot! berpengaruh positif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep mahasiswa calon guru sekolah dasar pada materi perpindahan kalor.
Perbandingan Prediksi Kualitas Kopi Arabika dengan Menggunakan Algoritma SGD, Random Forest dan Naive Bayes
Authors:   Program Studi Informatika, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Sari Veronica , Firdausi Feranandah ,   Program Studi Informatika, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Azhar Yufis ,   Program Studi Informatika, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Published: January 2021

Classification is one of the techniques that exist in data mining and is useful for grouping a data based on the attachment of the data with the sample data. The dataset that is used in this study is the coffee dataset taken from Dataset Coffee Quality Institute on the GitHub platform. The attributes that contained in the dataset are Aroma, Aftertaste, Flavor, Acidity, Balance, Body, Uniformity, Sweetness, Clean Cup, and Copper points. There are 3 classification methods that are used in this study, Stochastic Gradient Descent, Random Forest and Naive Bayes. The aim of this study is to find out which algorithm is the most effective to predict the coffee quality in the dataset. After that, the prediction results will be tested using K-Fold Cross Validation and Area Under the Curve (AUC) method. The results show that Stochastic Gradient Descent obtained the best accuracy results compared to the other two methods with an accuracy of 98% and increased to 99% after tested using K-fold Cross Validation and AUC method.
Sistem Informasi Data Klien Berbasis Java Pada Kantor Notaris dan PPAT
Authors:   Program Studi Informatika, Universitas Indraprasta PGRI, Muntohar Arif
Published: January 2021

Information systems using computer technology in the era of globalization have experienced very rapid developments in almost all business fields. The data processing process becomes faster, the information generated is more accurate, and has an important role for the progress and development of a company or agency when carrying out its work activities so that it is more structured and time efficient. Notary Office and PPAT Muhammad Hanafi, S.H. is a company engaged in services. The information system running, until now, has not been computerized. Data recording is still written in books so it requires a lot of Manpower, the process of searching for data and printing reports takes a long time because it is storage cabinets, data is also vulnerable to damage and loss. The research objective is to design and develop this information system to be computerized in order to solve existing problems. The research method uses the Waterfall Model Development Life Cycle (SDLC), while the data collection uses interviews, observation and literature study. The system design in this study employs the decomposition function, DFD and ERD. The research findings are in the form of desktop applications implement Java and MySQL. The test results using black box testing successfully display the main menu of the application for further manage by office staff. The result is expected to be able to provide a convenience to office staff when processing client data and resolving existing problems.
Pengaruh Faktor Penggunaan Lahan Terhadap Degradasi Lahan Akibat Erosi pada Hutan Primer dan Kebun Campuran Di Kecamatan Kairatu Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat Propinsi Maluku
Authors: Talakua Silwanus M.
Published: January 2021

Penggunaan lahan merupakan faktor yang paling rentan dan selalu menjadi sasaran utama terhadap pengaruh perubahan oleh manusia dibandingkan dengan faktor lain, oleh karena itu sangat berpotensi terjadinya degradasi lahan akibat erosi. Tujuan  penelitian adalah menguji pengaruh faktor penggunaan lahan antara lain luas penggunaan lahan, kerapatan vegetasi atas, kerapatan vegetasi bawah, serta faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap degradasi lahan akibat erosi pada hutan primer dan kebun campuran di Kecamatan Kairatu Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat Provinsi Maluku. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengukuran indikator degradasi lahan di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor luas penggunaan lahan berpengaruh nyata secara negatif terhadap degradasi lahan akibat erosi pada hutan primer (P = 0,040*; r = -0,71), sebaliknya pada kebun campuran, berpengaruh nyata secara positif (P = 0,003*; r = +0,86).  Faktor kerapatan vegetasi atas berpengaruh nyata secara negatif terhadap pada hutan primer (P = 0,006*, dan r = -0,82), maupun dan pada kebun campuran (P = 0,002*; r = -0,886).  Faktor kerapatan vegetasi bawah  berpengaruh nyata secara negatif pada hutan primer (P = 0,020*; r = -0,77), maupun pada kebun campuran (P = 0,000*; r = -0,92. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh nyata terhadap degradasi lahan akibat erosi pada penggunaan lahan hutan primer adalah kerapatan vegetasi (Pparsial X2HP = 0,006*; R2 = 0,68). Faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap degradasi lahan akibat erosi pada penggunaan lahan kebun campuran adalah luas penggunaan lahan  (Pparsial X1KC/P = 0,004*) dan kerapatan vegetasi bawah(Pparsial X3KC/P = 0,042*) dengan nilai R2 = 0,88.Kata Kunci: degradasi lahan, erosi, kerapatan vegetasi, hutan primer dan kebun campuran
Development of the growth mindset scale: the evidence and measurement of Chinese context
Authors: chen shan
Published: January 2021

To improve the efficiency of 21st century learning and promote achievements, this paper studies the influence of the growth mindset on students and teachers. This study aims to develop the growth mindset scale with the evidence of structural validity, the measurement of direct and indirect effects of the Chinese context. To achieve the research objective, this study investigated 654 participants, including 321 students at different learning stages and 266 teachers from primary and secondary schools. In the investigation, using SPSS 25.0 and Mplus8.3, we conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation model (SEM), mediation analysis, and one-way ANOVA method to achieve the study aim.
«Red guard attack on alcohol». Anti-alcohol campaign in the USSR during perestroika (1985—1988)
Authors: Polynov Matvei
Published: January 2021

This publication reveals the objective need for an anti-alcohol policy that began in May 1985 at the initiative of the new political leadership of the USSR. This antialcohol policy differed from previous ones in its radicalism and haste.
Sürdürülebilir ve Akıllı Kentler: Marmara Depremi
Authors: ÇETİN Dilek , KARA Yağmur , HENRIQUES CORREIA Zeynep Ceren
Published: January 2021

Sürdürülebilir kalkınma dünyadaki tüm ülkelerin sürdürdüğü ekonomik ve sosyal politikaların temelini oluşturmaktadır. 2018 yılında dünya nüfusunun %55,3’ü kentlerde yaşamaktadır ve 2030 yılında da bu oranın %75’i aşması beklenmektedir. Bu bağlamda kentsel büyümenin denetlenmesi ve yönlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. İleriye dönük bir kent politikasından yoksun büyüyen kentler afetler karşısında çaresiz kalmaktadırlar. Kentsel yaşam kalitesinin arttırılmasıyla birlikte kentin doğa ile uyumunun sağlanması gerekmektedir. Sürdürülebilir kentler, insanın doğa ile uyumunun sağlanmasını ve afetlere karşı kentlerin hazır olmasını sağlarken akıllı kentler ise bilgi iletişim teknolojilerini kullanarak afetler sonrasında kentlerin daha planlı bir şekilde toparlanmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Bu sayede de afetler karşısında şehirler çaresiz kalmayacaktır. Türkiye’de ulusal ya da sektörel afetle mücadele politikası izlemektense, bir niş olarak kent ortaya çıkmaktadır. Türkiye tarihinde afet kaynaklı en büyük kaybı yaşadığımız 1999 Marmara Depremi bu kavramlar dâhilinde incelenecektir. Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir ve akıllı kentler kapsamında kaderci, iyileştirici, reaktif bir devletten, kendine güvenen, koruyucu ve pro-aktif devlete dönüşümün sağlanması gerekmektedir. Kentlerin afetlere karşı hazırlıklı olabilmesi için hem sürdürülebilir hem de akıllı olması gerektiği aşikârdır.
Kadınların Sesinden Kamusal Alanda Toplumsal Cinsiyet Söylemi: Türkiye’de 8 Mart Kutlamaları
Authors: VANLIOĞLU YAZICI Nagehan
Published: January 2021

1960’lardan bu yana mekân ve toplumsal cinsiyet teorileri, mekânın sosyal bir üretim olduğu anlayışının kabulü ile ortak bir paydada çalışılmaya başlanmıştır. Mekânın toplumsal etkilerin bir ürünü olarak gözlemlendiği düşünüldüğünde, toplumsal cinsiyet ile mekân arasındaki ilişkinin toplumsal cinsiyet söyleminden etkilendiği ve bu söylemin etkisi altında şekillendiği ifade edilebilir. Bu çalışma toplumsal cinsiyet söyleminin ana nesnelerinden biri olan kadına odaklanmıştır. Bunun için çalışma öncelikle, mekân ve toplumsal cinsiyet çalışmalarının en çok değinilen konularından biri olan kamusal ve özel mekân ayrımına odaklanarak, teorik bir çerçeve oluşturmuştur. Ardından örneklemini açıklamak üzere Türkiye’de kadın hareketine ve 8 Mart yürüyüşlerine değinerek, örnek çalışmasını 8 Mart 2020 tarihli kadınlar günü kutlamaları olarak belirlemiş ve incelemiştir. Özetle, çalışma kamusal mekânın sosyal bir üretim olduğu anlayışı ile kadın ve kamusal mekân arasındaki ilişkiye, söylem analizi temellendirmesi ile Türkiye’de gerçekleşen 8 Mart kutlamalarındaki slogan ve pankartlara odaklanarak, bu problematik ilişkiyi, kadınların kendi sesleriyle anlamlandırmaya çalışır.
Hafıza Arakesitinde Yazınsal Mekanın Göstergebilimsel Anlatısı
Authors: GÜRLEYEN Tuğçe
Published: January 2021

Göstergebilim incelemelerinin önemli bir basamağını oluşturan metin ve söylemler, kişinin düşüncesini ifade etmek için kullandığı dil kodlarıdır. Sürekli olarak yenilenen ve devinen söylemler, sözel ve görsel anlatımın zaman dizilim ilişkileri içinde, farklı katmanları ayrıştırarak kentsel anlam ve hafızanın bir süreç boyunca analiz edilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Böylece, her dilin semiyotik haritasında olduğu gibi her mekânın hafıza haritasında farklı görüngüler oluşmaktadır. Bu bağlamda edebi kurgu, hafıza ile mekânlar arasındaki ilişkileri güçlendiren bir metin görevi görmektedir. Metnin içerdiği özgün ayrımlar, silikleşen ve üst üste binen palimpsest hafıza izlerini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Kentsel/mimari tasarımın edebiyatla olan ilişkisi, anlama, hayal etme, üretme ve tasavvur etme becerisini geliştiren önemli birer araçtır. Yazınsal mekân üretimi, insanın düşünceleri, anıları ve düşleri için en büyük birleştirici güçlerden biridir. Bu çalışma, edebiyat, mekân ve hafıza arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanmakta, kentsel bağlama metinsel kurguyu ekleyebilmenin ve edebiyatın düşsel kurgusu ile tasarımın anlatı gücünü birleştirmenin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, yazınsal mekânın anlatısı ve metinler aracılığıyla ortaya çıkarılan mekân kurgusu, seçilen farklı örnekler üzerinden incelenmiştir. Bu örnekler, sundukları farklı temsil biçimleriyle hafızanın barındırdığı anlamları ortaya koymaktadır. Metinler aracılığı ile yapılan göstergebilimsel anlatı ve görsel temsilleri, kentsel/mimari mekânın üretimine doğrudan katkı sağlamaktadır.
peran E commerce dimasa Pandemi
Authors: amrullah muhammad habib
Published: January 2021

Ditengah masa pandemi ini, e-commerce berperan aktif dalam membantu UKM untuk terus bertumbuh. Dengan banyaknya himbauan untuk bekerja dan belajar dirumah. E-commerce menjadi pilihan bagi penjual untuk bisa tetap berdagang dari rumah. Keuntungan lain adalah cakupan bisnis dan penjualan yang tidak terbatas mencakup ke seluruh dunia membuat e-commerce menjadi cukup potensial. Peningkatan penjualan di platform online juga semakin meningkat terhitung semenjak pandemic berlangsung.
Drying a mindsponge: transcending belief
Authors: Le Tri Tam
Published: January 2021

As an extreme example, one may accept a null value into one's belief system.
Makalah Landasan Pendidikan
Authors: Karina Agidia
Published: January 2021

Pendidikan merupakan sarana untuk mengembangkan potensi diri agar menjadi manusia yang mempunyai nilai tri-kompetensi dasar, yaitu: intelektualitas, humanitas, dan religiusitas. Karena itu pendidikan merupakan agen of change untuk mengubah diri sendiri dan masyarakat sekitar. Dalam arti sederhana pendidikan sering diartikan sebagai usaha manusia untuk membina kepribadiannya sesuai dengan nilai-nilai di dalam masyarakat dan kebudayaan (Hasbullah, 2009: 1) Selain itu pendidikan adalah konsep yang memberikan apresiasi dan pemahaman yang seluas-luasnya terhadap peserta didik untuk memahami keragaman budaya sebagai realitas sosial yang tak terpisahkan dari kehidupan sehari-hari.
Quantum certainty mechanics
Authors: Yasin Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Quantum certainty mechanics is a theory for measuring the position and momentum of a particle. Mathematically proven certainty principle from uncertainty principle, which is basically one of the most important formulas of quantum certainty mechanics theory. The principle of uncertainty can be proved by the principle of certainty and why uncertainty comes can also be proved. The principle of certainty can be proved from the theory of relativity and in the uncertainty principle equation, the principle of certainty can be proved by fulfilling the conditions of the principle of uncertainty by multiplying the uncertain constant with the certain values of momentum-position and energy-time. The principle of certainty proves that the calculation of θ ≥π/2 between the particle and the wave involved in the particle leads to uncertainty. But calculating with θ=0 does not bring uncertainty. Again, if the total energy E of the particle is measured accurately in the laboratory, the momentum and position can be measured with certainty. Quantum certainty mechanics has been established by combining Newtonian mechanics, relativity theory and quantum mechanics. Quantum entanglement can be explained by protecting the conservation law of energy.
Pengaruh Perceived Usefulness terhadap Mobile Users’ Satisfaction dan Loyalty pada Aplikasi Go-Jek
Authors: Irfansyah Satya Rizky
Published: January 2021

Perceived usefulness merupakan komponen yang terdapat pada setiap konsumen dalam merasakan kegunaan pada produk yang digunakan. Studi literatur sebelumnya telah menunjukkan pentingnya perceived usefulness pada loyalitas pengguna aplikasi ponsel. Perceived usefulness akan mempengaruhi pembentukan mobile users’ satisfaction yang dapat menimbulkan loyalitas pengguna aplikasi Go-Jek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis seberapa pentingnya perceived usefulness serta tanggapan berupa kepuasan dan loyalitas dalam studi pemasaran transportasi. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner online untuk menilai perceived usefulness, mobile users’ satisfaction, dan loyalitas. Dari 220 kuesioner survei online yang diberikan responden selama periode pandemi di Indonesia hanya 206 data yang memenuhi kriteria. Partial Least Square digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis yang diajukan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa perceived usefulness secara positif dan signifikan mempengaruhi mobile users’ satisfaction dan loyalitas. Hasilnya juga ditunjukkan pengaruh kuat nilai yang dirasakan pada kepuasan pelanggan restoran. Secara bersama-sama, hasil studi tersebut memberi bukti empiris tambahan dan lebih kuat untuk literatur perceived usefulness.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Aesthetic Preferences for Neatly Organized Compositions: Native Chinese- vs. Native Dutch-Speaking Samples
Authors: Van Geert Eline , Ding Rong , Wagemans Johan
Published: January 2021

Do aesthetic preferences for images of neatly organized compositions (e.g., images collected on blogs like Things Organized Neatly©) generalize across cultures? In an earlier study (Van Geert & Wagemans, 2021), focusing on stimulus and personal properties related to order and complexity, Western participants (N = 421) indicated their preference for one of two simultaneously presented images (100 pairs). In the current study, we compared the data of the native Dutch-speaking participants from this earlier sample (N = 356) to newly collected data from a native Chinese-speaking sample (N = 220). Overall, aesthetic preferences were quite similar across cultures. When relating preferences for each sample to ratings of order, complexity, soothingness, and fascination collected from a Western, mainly Dutch-speaking sample, the results hint at a cross-culturally consistent preference for images that Western participants rate as more ordered, but a cross-culturally diverse relation between preferences and complexity.
Locating narrative in scientific papers
Authors: Toth Ben
Published: January 2021

This is a case study of the application of the narratological analysis in Roland Barthes' S/Z to a scientific paper.
The Tempest Within: The Origins and Outcomes of Intense National Emotions in Times of National Division
Authors: Feinstein Yuval
Published: January 2021

Theories of intense national emotions have focused on affection for the home nation and antagonism for national others but overlooked antagonism for fellow nationals. The article introduces a comprehensive theory of intense national emotions. It first discusses the sources of the potential energy stored in national identities, pointing to a combination of two factors: the nation is at once potent due to its capacity to shield against existential threats and precarious due to its dependence on the reproduction of contested narratives. The article then explains that eventsvents that—through a construction process elaborated in the the text—seem to threaten or promise to alter perceived core elements of the nation (i.e., 'nation-disrupting events') evoke intense emotions. Next, the article explains why some periods of "hot" nationalism increase national division rather than unity. The conclusion proposes a promising direction for future research on intense national emotions as a mechanism of eventfulness.
O wyzyskiwanie impulsów płynących z przełomu dwoistości dla rozwoju pedagogiki zdrowia. Drugi głos w dyskusji
Authors: Kaliszewska Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

Tekst nawiązuje do debat w ramach X Ogólnopolskiego Zjazdu Pedagogicznego (zorganizowanego w 2019 roku w Warszawie przez Polskie Towarzystwo Pedagogiczne), zainicjowanych przez Lecha Witkowskiego w ramach sympozjum specjalnego na temat: Dziedzictwo idei i dramat losów czołowych postaci pedagogiki polskiej w XX wieku: historia, analiza i krytyka więzi i pęknięć międzypokoleniowych. Jest próbą ukazania możliwych impulsów płynących z paradygmatu dwoistości dla poszerzenia pola widzenia obszarów współczesnej  pedagogiki zdrowia. Ukazuje rysujące się przy tym problemy, związane z szacowaniem dorobku przeszłości, określeniem specyfiki pokolenia, zawartości archiwum pedagogicznego i dwoistości widocznych współcześnie w pedagogice zdrowia.
ANALISIS PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER PAI UIN IMAM BONJOL PADANG
Authors: Inning Jejen Musfah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengelolaan Prodi magister PAI di UIN Imam Bonjol Padang dengan fokus pada Standar Nasional Pendidikan Tinggi (SNPT). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data melalui metode studi dokumentasi, wawancara, dan observasi. Hasil penelitian adalah pertama, kekuatan Prodi ada pada visi dan misi, dosen doktor dan profesor, biaya  murah, dan penjaminan mutu. Kedua, kelemahan Prodi ini adalah fasilitas pembelajaran seperti AC, buku referensi, karya dosen, satu ketua Prodi untuk tiga Prodi, kerjasama dosen lemah, dan tidak ada tindak lanjut evaluasi dosen. Ketiga, peluang perbaikan mutu bisa terjadi karena adanya akreditasi dan pembiayaan penelitian dari Kemenag dan internal kampus. Keempat, tantangan Prodi adalah peningkatan jumlah dan kualitas dosen dan fasilitas pembelajaran. Kelima, dosen bergelar doktor dan/atau berpangkat profesor bukan jaminan produktivitas menulis karya ilmiah. Keenam, kampus negeri bukan jaminan orientasi pada mutu pelayanan, pembelajaran, dan penelitian.
KIAI LEADERSHIP TRANSFORMATION IN FORMING REGENERATION AND DEVELOPING PESANTREN PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL CHANGE
Authors: Fauzian Rinda
Published: January 2021

This study presents the transformation of the kiai's leadership in forming regeneration and developing Islamic boarding schools in Al Ummah Islamic Boarding School Sukabumi. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study research, which focuses on the leadership portrait of the kiai, the mechanisms and steps for the operationalization of leadership, and the process of changing leadership. Data collection was carried out in 2018 by interviewing kiai, kiai families, students and community leaders. The results showed that the portrait of kiai leadership at Pesantren Al Ummah Sukabumi is oriented towards a democratic leadership style, which is the operationalization mechanism for the transformation of private ownership into institutional property, curriculum development, and infrastructure development. This is based on the replacement of kiai who have died, replaced by kiai families who have a holistic orientation and understanding in developing future pesantren. Recommendations from the results of this study are the importance of developing Islamic boarding schools which are not only oriented towards religious development, but also fostering students to have skills that will become their life provisions in the future.
PESANTRENTS AND MULTICULTURAL VALUE IN A MULTI-ETHNIC SOCIETY
Authors: Wajdi Firdaus , Fadhilah Dini , Mushlihin Mushlihin
Published: January 2021

This is a study of endeavor in planting of multicultural values carried out by Pesantren Kauman of Lasem in a multi-ethnic community setting. The study of the importance of understanding multiculturalism in a society with religious backgrounds like Indonesia is very crucial. This study contributes to the aspect of teaching multicultural values by one of the representatives of the oldest Islamic education institution, pesantren. It focuses particularly to understand the Pesantrenâ€™s motivation and ways of implementation of planting of multicultural values as an effort to maintaining harmony with the surrounding community, which is dominated by ethnic Chinese. This research seeks to answer what are the urgency, the ways of implementation, as well as the responses in terms of educating multicultural values carried out by Pesantren Kauman of Lasem. This pesantren has its own uniqueness because it stands in the midst of a non-Muslim community. This can strengthen the opinion that religion can be social cohesion. This is a qualitative study which employed field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation study as data collection tools. The main research site is located in Lasem, which is also known as Little China. It found out that the Pesantren grows the motivation to implement multicultural values from theological and sociological perspective. Furthermore, in terms of implementation, the pesantren utilizes the formal-pedagogical as well as nonformal-sociological aspects. This study also concludes that the implementation reaped both pro and contra responses. However, in general the Kauman Pesantren from Lasem succeeded in teaching multicultural values and using them to maintain harmony. This study shows that multicultural values can be taught formally-pedagogically or non-formally-sociologically. The theological aspect can be the point of departure, but the sociological aspects are also essential to consider in planting multicultural values which are then implemented in society. The Pesantren Kauman of Lasem has finally showed successful efforts in teaching multicultural values and using them to maintain harmony in a multicultural society. The results of this study are an evidence that multicultural values are able to be taught formally-pedagogically or non-formally-sociologically. The theological aspect can be the point of departure, but the sociological aspect is also essential to be considered in planting multicultural values which are then implemented in society.
THE FATWA OF SMOKING IN THE KERINCI MANUSCRIPTS
Authors: Satria Oga
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses the fatwa of smoking contained in one of the Kerinci manuscripts written around the end of the 19th century AD. This kind of research is important to do because of the lack of research exploring religious manuscripts in the Kerinci area. This research was conducted using a qualitative research model that focuses on the domain of text and context. This study also uses a codicological approach to determine various aspects of the manuscript, such as material, age, place of writing, and estimates of script writing. In addition, a historical approach is also used to see the Kerinci context at that time. The data collection process was carried out by reviewing the available literature and also conducting an interview process to determine the background of the author, the age of the manuscript and the origin of the manuscript. The results of this study indicate that the manuscript containing the fatwa of smoking or smoking tobacco was written around the end of the 19th century AD. This is consistent with the indications of the calendar contained therein. The manuscript summarizes the prohibition of smoking based on the various arguments found in the Qur'an, Hadith, and the opinions of the scholars. Meanwhile, the motivation for prohibiting smoking contained in the manuscript is more likely to be influenced by religious factors, given the strong and rooted religious doctrine of the Kerinci community at that time compared to political, economic, and so on.
Survival analysis of surgically treated laryngeal cancer in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang from January 2002 to June 2013
Authors: Abdullah Kahairi , Ahmad Raja , Abdul Rahman Jamalludin , Asha'ari Zamzil Amin , Razali Mohd Sayuti , Wan Leman Wan Ishlah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Laryngeal cancers are one of the most prevalent head and neck cancer in Malaysia. However, little information is available on survival rate for larynx cancer in Malaysia has been reported. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the survival and the prognostic factors in surgically treated patient with laryngeal cancer in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang. Methods: Retrospective analysis of surgically treated patient of laryngeal cancer treated in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan during January 2002 to June 2013 was analyzed. The overall survival rate was measured using the Kaplan Meier method. Prognostic factor was identified by log rank test taking p value <0.05 as statistical significance. Results: A total 36 cases were analyzed. Two-thirds (86.1%) of the cases were at an advanced stage (stage III & IV) at presentation. The 2, 5 and 10 year overall survivals for the laryngeal cancer were 62%, 34% and 22% respectively. The histopathological examination result was the strongest prognostic factors in laryngeal cancer. Conclusions: The results revealed remarkably poor outcomes of the patients in the series, indicating a strong need to increase the proportion of early stage presentations and maximize the treatment efficacy to improving outcomes.
Oral hygiene practices and periodontal disease status assessment among diabetic patients from three selected public medical primary care clinics in Kuantan, Malaysia
Authors: Han Tin Myo , Ismail Razida , Yaacob Munirah , Md Aris Mohd Aznan , Osman Iskandar Firzada , Sidek Sorayah , Thuraiappah Mahendran , Abdullah Fa'iza , Sein Than Tun , Saub Roslan Bin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Evidences on the bilateral relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal diseases (PD) have been growing. Oral hygiene practice (OHP) is one of major determinants for PD. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess periodontal disease status and oral hygiene practices of DM-patients from public medical primary care clinics (PMPCCs). Methods: A medical-dental research team conducted an active PD-screening among 193 DMpatients using both self-reported questions (SRQs) and basic periodontal examination (BPE)  by professionals at 3-PMPCCs in Kuantan in 2015. OHP was categorized into two groups; acceptable OHP (two/three-time tooth-brushing/day using with/without mouthwash/flossing) and need to improve OHP (one-time tooth brushing/day using with/without mouth-wash/flossing). HbA1C ≤ 6.5% was used as cut-off for glycaemic control achievement. A cross- analysis was done to infer the influences of demographic-background and OHP on PD- status and relationship between PD- status and glycaemic control achievement. Results: Out of 193 DM-patients, 72.5% (140/193) were PD-screening positive in self-reporting while 54.9% (106/193) had PD in professional screening. OHP of majority (86%) were acceptable. Only 14% (27/193) achieved glycaemic-control status. Influence of demographic and OHP on PD-status ( by BPE) and relationship between PD and glycaemic control achievement did not found out. There were no age and race difference in OHP; however, acceptable OHP was significantly higher (p<0.05) in female than male DM-patients (94% vs 77.4%). Conclusions:  High prevalence of PD indicated to promote oral health education/care among DM-patients from PMPCCs.  In-detailed OHP/PD assessment and other influencing factors on glycaemic-control achievement should be considered to get more valid results in further study.
Effects of Serum Stored at Various Temperature and FreezeThaw Cycles on Selected Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Abdullah Nor Zamzila , A. Talib Norlelawati , Ku Zaifah Nor Sidah , Mohamed Abdul Hadi , Muhammad Naznin , Haderi Fairuzzaidah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Preanalytical variation as a result of sample storage conditions are common issues in a large scale study since the sample has to be kept for an extended duration at ultra low temperature (-70ºC) before analysis. However, ultra low freezers may not be available in some laboratories. Sometimes, the laboratory test may need to be repeated on the previously frozen and thawed samples. The aim of this research was to study the effect of storage temperature and freeze-thaw cycles on some biochemical parameters in our laboratory. Methods: An experimental study was carried out on 50 volunteers. Serum were aliquoted and stored at 4ºC, -30ºC and -70ºC. The serum was analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density-lipoprotein (HDL-C) and glucose after 3 months of storage. The effects of freeze-thaw cycles were also recorded. Results: No significant differences (p>0.05) were seen in the level of the biochemical parameters between the samples stored at -70ºC and at -30ºC. The levels of selected parameters were higher after second freeze-thaw cycles as compared to the first thaw. All parameters showed significant positive correlations between the samples stored at -70ºC and the samples stored at -30ºC and 4ºC as well as between the first and second freeze-thaw cycles in samples kept at both -70ºC and -30ºC. Conclusions: Our finding suggested that the level of TC, TG and glucose in sample stored for 3 months at -70ºC are comparable with the samples stored at -30ºC. Only one freeze-thaw cycle is acceptable.
Antidiabetic activity of curry leaves Murraya koenigii on glucose level, kidney and islets of langerhans in streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats
Authors: Al-Ani Imad M. , Santosa Rahajoe I. , Yankuzo Muhammad H.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: This study examined the antihyperglycemic effect of curry leaves, Murraya koenigii “MK” aqueous extract, and to examine its possible protective effects on the Islets of Langerhans and kidneys in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.  Methods: Thirty healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into five groups (n=6); normal control, normal treated with “MK” control, diabetic control (non-treated with “MK”), diabetic treated with 200mg/kg MK aqueous leaf extract and diabetic treated with 400mg/kg MK aqueous leaf extract. Blood glucose levels and body weight were monitored. The animals were sacrificed on the 30th day; the kidney and pancreatic tissues were processed for histological studies. Results: The diabetic control group significantly (p<0.001) showed considerable loss of body weight and increase in blood glucose levels and degeneration of the glomeruli and renal convoluted tubules and atrophied islets with disintegration of β-cells. Treatment of diabetic rats with aqueous extract showed significant (p<0.001) improvement in blood glucose levels and body weight gain.  The MK extract also caused an improvement in tissue injury induced by STZ injection in the kidney and endocrine pancreas.  Conclusions: These findings highlighted the beneficial effects of MK aqueous extract against cellular oxidative damage in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Epigenetic methylation status of P16, MGMT and SPOCK2 in diffuse Large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Jalilah Lailatul , Ismail Aziah , A. Talib Norlelawati , Muhammad Naznin , Hussain Faezahtul Arbaeyah , Zainuddin Norafiza
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Epigenetic methylation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This study investigated the methylation status of p16, MGMT and SPOCK2. Aberrantly methylated p16 and MGMT have been linked to DLBCL, but not SPOCK2. p16 inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase, which results in retinoblastoma phosphorylation and blockage of cell cycle at G1 phase. MGMT removes alkyl adduct at O 6 - guanine, thus preventing lethal cross-links. SPOCK2, an extracellular chondroitin and heparin sulfate proteoglycans, abolishes the inhibition of membrane-type 1-matrix metalloproteinase which might enhance the angiogenesis. The absence of SPOCK2 methylation was therefore hypothesized in the majority of cases in this study. Methods: Extracted DNA from 88 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of DLBCL were subjected to bisulfite conversion followed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis for p16, MGMT and SPOCK2 methylation. p16 methylation was also quantified in 16 samples through pyrosequencing assay. Results: p16 methylation was observed in 65/88 (74%) samples by MSP. Pyrosequencing detected p16 methylation in all 16 samples ranging from 18% to 81%. MGMT methylation was detected in all 88 (100%) cases. Methylated SPOCK2 was found in 83 (94.3%) samples. There was a significant association between p16 methylation status with patients above 50 years of age (p= 0.04). Conclusions: These preliminary discoveries may serve as a good platform in order to gain a comprehensive overview on the epigenetics contribution in the pathogenesis of DLBCL. Pyrosequencing is a robust tool in detecting and quantifying methylation.
Aggressive vertebral hemangioma in paediatric spine with cord compression
Authors: Japar Khan Ed Simor Khan Mor , Amir Dzulkarnain , Singh Manmohan , Hee Goh Jin , Abidin Nor Azlin Zainal , Mohamad Fazir
Published: January 2021

Vertebral body hemangiomas are benign primary vascular tumours and account for 4% of all spinal tumours. The majority of patients are asymptomatic. They affect male and female equally. The majority has seen in middle age group. An aggressive vertebral hemangioma presenting with neurological deficits are rare, accounting for less than 1% in the general population. A 10 year old girl with a two weeks history of unsteady gait, frequent falls and back pain which was preceded by a history of traumatic compression fracture of T10 vertebrae. Examination revealed upper motor lesion. MRI demonstrated a T10 body and posterior element lesion with cord compression. A CT scan with the typical picture of ‘polka dot’ can be seen on axial cut. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of vertebral hemangioma. Preop embollization, decompression, vertebroplasty and posterior stabilization was done. One week post-op, her condition improved significantly. At six weeks post-op her condition was back to normal. Spinal hemangioma may affect all levels of the vertebrae with a predilection towards the thoracic region. MRI plays an important role, especially in looking at the extension of cord compression and presence of extraosseus lesion. An inactive lesion consist mainly of fatty tissue which give a hyperintense signal on both T1 and T2 weighted images. Treatment options range from radiotherapy, embolisation and surgery. Our goal of treatment in this patient was to decompress the spinal cord and achieved a stable spine. Persistent chronic back pain months after a compression fracture should raise our suspicion to pathological cause. Further investigation must be carried out to confirm the diagnosis.
Topographical Changes of Rat's Colonic Mucosal After Chronic Arsenic Exposure - A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Zulkiflee Khodijah , Buyong Zunariah , Hamdan Asmah Hanim , Saharudin Shahida , Wan Salleh Wan Muhamad Salahudin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Human are exposed to arsenic threats in several ways. Our drinking water for instance, can be hazardous due to the contamination of arsenic-based pesticide and herbicide into our water supply. The most vulnerable part of our body due to ingestion of arsenic is our gastrointestinal system. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of chronic exposure to organic arsenic (Monosodium methylarsonate, MSMA) on the surface topography of rat's colonic mucosa by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: 30 Sprague Dawley rats were given daily oral gavage of MSMA 42.13 mg/kg, which is 1/30 LD50, and 30 Sprague Dawley rats acted as control. 10 exposed rats and 10 control rats were sacrificed at regular intervals (2 months, 4 months and 6 months) and their colon specimens were examined by SEM. Results: In the control group, the colonic mucosa appeared normal with uniform size individual glandular units and has a central crypt orifice. The goblet cells were located in between the absorptive cells to produce mucous. In the exposed group, the rat's colonic mucosa showed increasing features of surface alterations such as haphazard shape of glandular units, slit-like crypt opening and less goblet cells with reduced number of microvilli. Conclusion: There were topographical changes of colonic mucosa of rats exposed to chronic low dose of organic arsenic.
Translation and Validation of Malay Version of the Simplified Diabetes Knowledge Test
Authors: Md Aris Mohd Aznan Bin , Othman Umair Bin , Abdul Rahim Nur-Hidayah Bt , Pasi Hafizah Bt
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a non-communicating disease with an increasing trend in Malaysia. One of the most important aspects in the selfmanagement of diabetes mellitus is the assessment of knowledge among diabetes patients. This study aimed to translate and validate the Malay version of Modified Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT) questionnaire. Methods: A standard back-to-back translation procedure was used to translate the simplified version of the DKT questionnaire from the original version. A total of 120 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the government primary care clinic were selected to answer the questionnaire which consists of socio-demographic and diabetes characteristics questions as well as the 20-item DKT questions. Reliability and validity were tested with Cronbach’s alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha for the translated questionnaire was acceptable (α=0.573) with the Cronbach’s alpha excluding each item ranged from 0.517 to 0.602. Factor analysis with Varimax rotation identified 6 domains for the 18 items, with 2 to 6 items in each domain. Conclusion: This version of simplified DKT is proven to be valid and reliable, and can be used with caution as a brief assessment of knowledge among diabetic patients specifically tailored for Malaysian population.
Ethical Responses to Modern Clinical Trials on Human Subjects: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Abdul Razak Tariq , Hashi Abdurezak Abdulahi
Published: January 2021

With the modern advances and technological breakthroughs in biomedicine, scientific experiments involving human subjects had increased. Since the American gynecologist Marion Sims (d.1883), who conducted a scientific research on some selected African women suffering from prolapsed uterus disease, or American physician Walter Reed’s (d.1902) team who gave germs of yellow fever to 22 human subjects to test if fever is transmitted by particularly mosquito species, as well as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study that was conducted from 1932 until 1972, or the scientific experiments conducted by Nazis of Germany on large numbers of prisoners, clinical trials on human subjects have become part of the scientific activities. These and many other scientific experiments conducted on human subjects had shown the extent of potential threats of unregulated scientific experiments on human life. Serious moral and legal concerns are then raised towards the morality of these activities. These concerns covered four major areas; safety, sanctity of the human body, consent and validity of experiment. This paper uses textual and analytical methods and aims to review Muslim jurists’ opinions on the permissibility of conducting clinical researches that uses human subjects. The opinions of the Muslim jurists are then compared to that of bioethical codes and declarations such as the Nuremberg Code, coined in (1947) and the Helsinki Declaration that was formulated by World Medical Organization in 1964. Fiqh and legal literature on this subject is exposed, and the moral contents of such writings are analyzed. The study is expected to come up with a comparative account of conventional and Islamic responses to modern clinical trials on human subjects.
Euthanasia from the Islamic Perspective: Ending Life of a Patient whose Recovery is Absolutely Impossible
Authors: U Tun Aung Maularna Akbar Shah @
Published: January 2021

Life and death of men is in the discretion of Allah, SWT. No one can decide how long they should live, but Allah, SWT. However, in our society today, life is being terminated by someone such as doctor or family of terminally ill patients when their recovery is absolutely irretrievable according to medical expert opinions. In medical science, ending life for such a situation is called euthanasia i.e. an act or practice of painlessly putting to death persons suffering from painful and incurable disease or incapacitating physical disorder or allowing them to die by withholding treatment or withdrawing artificial life-support measures. Justification given by pro-euthanasia is that it is the right of the patient who should not suffer unbearable pain physically and who does want to be a burden to their family. They insisted mercy killing is absolutely appropriate if the patient’s body is in gradual decline, their organs are in continuous failure, their agonizing pain is unbearable, and the cost of their artificial support system is beyond their limit. This issue has been controversial to many Islamic as well as social organizations as it is against their doctrine and norms. Since life and death is in Allah’s hand, who is to decide that a life has to be ended at a specific time? Is it against predestination and fixation of life by Allah that when the time come no one can stop its arrival? This undesirable situation is confronted by many Muslims in our world too, hence is there any room in Shari’ah law that allows a physician to end the life of a patient? The objective of this paper is to explore any possibility in Shari’ah law that authenticates ending of a life.