bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colorimetric analysis of scanned continuous-tone color images in a Color Managed Digital Photo Printing Workflow (CMDPPW)
Authors:   Department of Computer Electronics & Graphics TechnologyCentral Connecticut State UniversityNew Britain, USA, Dharavath Haji Naik
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of Color Managed Workflow (CMW) on digital color photo printing. In a CMW, a device profile represents the color characteristics of a device (monitor, scanner, and printer) to be used in the printing workflow. The experiment analyzed the effect of device profiles on scanned and printed continuous-tone color images. The guiding objectives of this study allowed testing of an accepted color management practice to gain a better understanding of the presumptions associated with the application of device profiles. The experiment examined two groups of images [scanned (K1) and printed K2 (K = 2)]. The conclusions of this study are based upon an analysis of colorimetric data, visual assessment, and associated findings. The data from the experiment revealed that very minor color differences were found between the two groups of photos. The colorimetric data suggests that integration of device profiles is important in a CMW as it allows the process to obtain accurate output colors for a desired purpose.
Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot ve Euseius scutalis Athias-Henriot (Acari:Phytoseiidae)‘e Tau-Fluvalinatin Etkisi
Authors: Satar Serdar , Tusun Adnan , Yayla Miraç , Tiring Gülsevim
Published: December 2019

Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot ve Euseius scutalis Athias-Henriot (Acari:Phytoseiidae) Türkiye‘de turunçgil bahçelerinin önemli avcı akarlarıdır. İnsektisitlerin bu türlere olan yan etkileri üzerinde çok az araştırma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada A. swirskii ve E. scutalis‘e tau-fluvalinate etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmalar hem arazide hem de laboratuvarda yürütülmüştür. Arazi çalışmalarında A. swirskii ve E. scutalis‘in karışık dönemleri üzerine tau-fluvalinate yan etkisi Adana‘nın hem Kozan hem de Seyhan ilçelerinde değerlendirilirken, laboratuvar çalışmalarında ise tau-fluvalinate A. swirskii‘nin nimf dönemlerinin yan etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, IOBC/WPRS "Pestisitler ve Yararlı Organizmalar" çalışma grubu tarafından çıkarılan yönetmeliğe göre yürütülmüştür. Arazi çalışmalarında, test edilen pestisitlerin etki oranı Henderson-Tilton göre hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmalar sonucunda, laboratuvar denmelerinde tau-fluvalinate‘in avcı akarlar üzerinde toksik olduğu saptanmıştır. Standart toksik akarisitlerden abamectinin avcı akarlar üzerine olan yan etkisi IOBC sınıf değerine göre “T” (Toksik) olarak bulunmuştur. Tau-Fluvalinate yan etkisi ise IOBC sınıf değerine göre 28. günde “N” (Zararsız) olarak bulunurken, 7. günde “M” (Orta derecede zararlı) olarak saptanmıştır. Seyhan ve Kozan 'da yapılan çalışmalarda benzer sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
Uşak İli Süt Sığırı Yetiştiriciliğinin Mevcut Durumu Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: Alapala Demirhan Sibel , Yenilmez Mevlüt
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada Uşak ili ve ilçelerinde süt sığırı yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerin hayvan sayısına göre işletme yapılarını, mevcut durumlarını, sorunlarının belirlenmesi ve çözüm önerilerinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, çok aşamalı rasgele örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 165 işletme sahibine 95 sorudan oluşan anket uygulanmıştır ve SPSS paket programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. İşletmeler hayvan varlıklarına göre gruplandırılmış; 1-9 arası 1. grup, 10-20 arası 2. grup ve 21 baş ve üzeri hayvan sayısına sahip işletmeler 3. grup olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. İşletmelerde günlük süt veriminin işletme grubu bazında önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. 1. Grupta 16,80 kg/gün, 2. Grupta 19,50 kg/gün, 3. Grupta 22,60 kg/gün süt verimi elde edildiği ve 3. Grup işletmelerde sığırcılıkla ilgili birçok faaliyet ve parametrenin oldukça iyi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak işletmelerin küçük ölçekli olmasına bağlı olarak ortaya çıktığı düşünülen, kesif ve kaba yem teminindeki sorunlarla birlikte yem gibi temel girdilerin pahalı olması ve üretilen ürünlerin değer fiyattan pazarlanamaması gibi konuların başlıca sorunlardan olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genellikle yem girdilerinin işletme içinden karşılanmasıyla, üretilen ürünlerin toplu ve aracısız olarak doğrudan pazarlanmasıyla bazı sorunların çözülmesine yardımcı olacağı önerilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, Uşak ilinde daha çok küçük ölçekli aile tipi işletmeler şeklinde olan süt sığırcılığı işletmeleri çeşitli teşvik ve desteklemelerle entansif üretimin yapıldığı büyük ölçekli ticari işletmeler şeklinde geliştirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
İkizcetepeler Baraj Gölü (Balıkesir) Çökellerindeki Organik Karbon Miktarının Zamansal ve Mekansal Dağılışı
Authors: Fural Şakir , Kükrer Serkan , Cürebal İsa
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışma İkizcetepeler Barajı tabanından alınan yüzey çökeli ve karot örneklerinde organik karbon konsantrasyonlarının zamansal ve mekansal değişimlerini saptamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Organik karbon sulak alanlarda belirli bir miktarın üzerinde bulunduğunda kirliliğe yol açmakta ve ortamdaki çözünmüş oksijeni azaltarak diğer canlıların yaşamını risk altına sokmaktadır. Bu nedenle sulak alanlardaki organik karbon miktarının zamansal ve mekansal dağılışının tespit edilmesi son derece önemlidir. Çalışma kapsamında toplanan yüzey ve karot örneklerinde titrasyon yöntemiyle elde edilen veriler Arc – Map 10.5 yazılımı kullanılarak mekansal dağılış haritası ve zamansal dağılış grafiklerine dönüştürülmüştür. Elde edilen tüm bulgular değerlendirildiğinde organik karbon miktarının Kille Çayı, Koca Çay ve Çınarlı Dere ağzı ile eski yerleşim yerlerinin bulunduğu örneklem noktalarında en yüksek değerlere ulaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Zamansal dağılışa göre en yüksek değerler 5 – 10 cm dilimleri arasında tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum organik karbonun Bağırsak Dere dışındaki akarsular tarafından havza içerisinden taşınarak baraja deşarj edildiğini ve deşarjın son yıllarda maksimum düzeye çıkarak günümüzde azalma eğilimine geçtiğini göstermektedir. İkizcetepeler Baraj Gölü çevresinde gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmaları, mevcut literatür verileri ve analitik prosedürlerden elde edilen verilere göre barajda organik karbon kökenli kirliliğe rastlanmamıştır.
Ege Denizi‘nde Balık Çiftliklerinden Balık Kaçışlarının Nedenleri Üzerine
Authors: Akyol Okan , Ceyhan Tevfik , Özgül Aytaç , Düzbastılar Faik Ozan , Şen Halil
Published: December 2019

Temmuz 2015 ve Temmuz 2017 arasında, Ege Denizi‘nde İzmir ve Muğla kıyılarından rastgele seçilmiş 48 balık çiftliği ziyaret edilmiş, ayrıca balık çiftlikleri etrafında av yapan toplam 329 kıyı balıkçısıyla yüz yüze anketler yapılmıştır. Anketlerde balık çiftliklerinden balık kaçış nedenleri sorulmuştur. Verilen yanıtlar predatör saldırıları, fırtınalar, kafes ağlarının yetiştirilen balıklar ve deniz kuşları tarafından ısırılması, ağ yırtıkları, balıkların aktarılması esnasındaki düşmeler olarak katılımcılar tarafından sınıflandırılmıştır.
The Effect of Fresh and Aged Garlic Extract-Enriched Diets on the Growth Performance of Broilers and the Oxidative Rancidity and Customer Acceptance of Chicken Meat
Authors: Ozturk Ergin , Dogan Emine
Published: December 2019

In renewable system, to improve growth performance and enhance the stability of broiler meat may be alternative dietary garlic and its derivatives. The effects of dietary fresh garlic extract (FGE) or aged garlic extract (AGE) supplementation on performance, serum cholesterol and meat thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values and the organoleptic traits of cooked meats were investigated using 540 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers. Treatments: negative control (NC, basal diet), positive control (E200, basal diet + 200 mg vitamin E kg-1), FGE (FGE10, basal diet + 10 ml FGE kg-1) and graded levels of AGE (AGE5, AGE10 and AGE15, basal diet + 5, 10 and 15 ml AGE kg-1, respectively). Sensory appraisal was used to establish the consumer acceptability of boiled, grilled or roasted meats. FGE10 increased weight gain compared to NC, AGE5 and AGE10, whereas FGE10, E200 and AGE decreased serum cholesterol and meat TBA levels compared to NC. The alleviating effects of FGE10, AGE5 and AGE10 were higher than that of vitamin E. All garlic extracts did not affect the colour and nutritional quality of raw meat. Overall consumer acceptance of meat increased by FGE10, while it decreased by AGE10 and AGE15 compared to NC. Sensory scores of grilled meat were higher than for boiled and roasted meats. These results indicate that FGE proved an advantage for sustainable broiler production due to improve in the growth performance and consumer acceptance of cooked meat.
Preguntas e incertidumbres sobre la relación entre currículo y derechos humanos
Authors: López Jiménez Nelson Ernesto
Published: December 2019

La nota que sirve de entrada a esta elaboración permite afirmar que la relación currículo y Derechos Humanos no puede asumirse, regularse, institucionalizar­se y formalizarse como consecuencia de una concepción académica del currículum, sino que debe ser abordada desde la concepción crítica, problemática, de de-construcción y reconstrucción social.
Fenómeno de la migración escolar en la universidad surcolombiana
Authors: Amaya García Karol Stefanía , Córdoba Muñoz Laura , López Jiménez Nelson Ernesto
Published: December 2019

El Grupo de investigación PACA - Categoría A de Colciencias ha adelan­tado investigaciones en torno al fenómeno de la permanencia escolar", en ellos se ha identificado una problemática relacionada con el estado particular entre el abandono y la perrnanencia", la cual se ha denomi­nado: migración escolar.

Este fenómeno es entendido como el cambio de programa académico que realiza el estudiante universitario en la misma institución, después de haber cursado un número determinado de semestres.
Caracterización curricular, pedagógica y evaluativa de la formación técnica profesional y tecnológica en Colombia
Authors: Chaves Ardila Hernán Mauricio
Published: December 2019

El presente articulo, es el resultado de una investigación sobre educación Técnica Profesional y Tecnológica que abordó la problemática existente en relación con la discriminación que se le hace aduciendo que es una educación de baja calidad, que es ofrecida a personas de menores recursos y que en su desa­rrollo no se realiza investigación ni proyección social, lo que permitió avanzar en la elaboración de planteamientos que facilitaran la comprensión de lo que es la Educación Técnica Profesional y Tecnológica, identificando las posibles soluciones a los problemas detectados propiciando procesos de toma de deci­siones y formulación de políticas para el mejoramiento de este nivel de la edu­cación superior. Se revisó el fundamento conceptual y teórico partiendo de los antecedentes de la educación, especialmente lo relacionado con la concep­tualización de la Educación Técnica Profesional yTecnológica, sus diferencias y sus espacios comunes, para lograr al final de dicha investigación presentar una propuesta alternativa para la formación en la Educación Técnica Profesional y Tecnológica acorde a los resultados obtenidos en el trabajo de campo. Pese a la complejidad de la problemática abordada, dicha investigación pretendió encontrar posibles soluciones a la misma, permitiendo desarrollar una con­cepción clara, argumentada y pertinente de la formación desarrollada por las instituciones de educación superior comprometidas con la formación Técnica Profesional y Tecnológica de Colombia.
Concepción sobre evaluación y prácticas evaluativas de los docentes del programa de pedagogía infantil de la universidad surcolombiana
Authors: Chavarro Medina Gloria Mercedes
Published: December 2019

En las ultimas décadas, los cambios sociales, económicos, políticos, los avan­ces científicos y tecnológicos, ligados a la globalización, han influido en el proceso educativo, reconociendo un progreso del mismo, lo que ha generado cambios en los paradigmas de la educación, la revisión de enfoques curricu­lares, la adopción de metodologías y modelos pedagógicos alternos, hechos que hacen necesario revaluar las práctias y técnicas de evaluación que hasta este momento se han venido realizando.
La comunicación docente-alumno: interacción social que transforma o perpetúa la escuela
Authors: Ramos Núñez Oscar Iván
Published: December 2019

La mirada instrumentalista que desde la escuela percibe a la comunicación como difusión/transmisión de información, la relación principalmente académica/disciplinar que construyen maestros y estudiantes a través de sus prácti­cas pedagógicas, y la escasa investigación que existe en la región sobre la comunicación en la escuela, son el referente contextual que posibilitó desarrollar esta investigación con el ánimo de contribuir a la solución de estas necesidades presentadas en el contexto escolar.

De acuerdo a estas necesidades, se propuso el estudio de la comunicación en la escuela a partir de los imaginarios que conciben los actores educativos sobre la comunicación, las prácticas pedagógicas que desarrollan los maestros en el entorno escolar y las relaciones comunicativas que construyen en la escuela los sujetos del proceso educativo.
Evaluación de la competencia motriz en sus ámbitos personal y de la productividad en escolares del departamento del Huila
Authors: Galindo Perdomo Fernando
Published: December 2019

El presente trabajo da a conocer el resultado de investigación presentado como tesis de grado de la Maestría en Educación, Área de profundización: Diseño, Gestión y Evaluación Curricular, en el cual se establecieron instrumentos que permite al docente de Educación Física valorar permanentemente el desempe­ño de los escolares y establecer si el trabajo realizado en cada una de las clases ha surgido efecto o no en el estudiante. Para ello, se propusieron 8 pruebas de capacidades físicas condicionales que permitieran evaluar permanentemente la fuerza, la velocidad, la resistencia y la flexibilidad de los escolares. Con los resultados obtenidos en la aplicación de las pruebas, se elaboraron tablas de referencia que permite a los docentes valorar permanentemente el desempe­ño de los estudiantes y poder comparar los resultados con un referente a nivel departamental.
Alternativa curricular para la enseñanza del fútbol base "una experiencia de investigación en las escuelas deportivas de la ciudad de Neiva"
Authors: Puerto Polanco Virgilio
Published: December 2019

El artículo "Alternativa Curricular para la Enseñanza del Fútbol-Base"que se pre­senta en las líneas posteriores de este texto se constituye en el informe final de investigación realizado en el programa "Maestría en Educación con Énfasis en Diseño, Gestión y Evaluación Curricular"de la Universidad Surcolombiana.

En él se dan a conocer los resultados del estudio realizado entre los años 2009 y 2010 sobre la identificación y establecimiento de una Programación Curricular para la Enseñanza del Fútbol Base en la ciudad de Neiva con niños cuyas edades están entre los 8-10 años. Parte de la información que se entrega está relacio­nada con referentes teóricos que definen y caracterizan el tema del currículo como una alternativa de vital importancia para la organización y dinámica de funcionamiento de los procesos de formación deportiva que giran alrededor del fútbol-base.

El referente teórico construido en este trabajo de investigación también hace referencia a conceptos y particularidades que tienen que ver con el tratamiento pedagógico y didáctico del fútbol, tendencias actuales sobre el fútbol base, y enfoques metodológicos de mayor utilización.

De la misma manera, se presenta en el aparte denominado "resultados de in­vestigación" un avance importante en la identificación y constitución de contenidos, temas y metodologías para orientar la práctica del fútbol base con ma­yor sentido y apropiación en los niños, ya que se definen "Las Unidades de Práctica". Dichas unidades se caracterizan por la inclusión de diversos temas, que ha manera de juego hacen de la sesión de entrenamiento, un espacio de recreación, expresión lúdica y desarrollo de la personalidad.
Evaluación y Curriculum: Una Mirada Crítica
Authors: Magendzo Kolstrein Abraham
Published: December 2019

La relación entre la evaluación y el curriculum es de vieja data. Tiene su origen a comienzos del siglo XX en los Estados Unidos influido, especialmente, por las concepciones curriculares ligadas a la eficiencia social, a los modelos de curriculum por objetivos y tecnológicos, tan en boga en la década de los sesenta, influenciados por el modelo racional de Ralph Tyler y la "taxonomía de los objedvos educativos" de Benjamín Bloom.[1] Evaluación, entonces, era sinónimo de medición, prueba o examen.

A finales de los sesenta, se hacen críticas a estos modelos, por parte de connotados evaluadores que apuntaban, preferentemente, a mostrar que las evaluaciones por objetivos limitaban las reformas curriculares y las trivializaban[1]. Muchas de estas críticas hacían notar que las evaluaciones no permitían comprender el tramado subyacente en el curriculum, sino que sólo su efectividad. Se destacaba el carácter multidimensional del curriculum, que no era posible entender sólo a través de los exámenes y la psicometría.
Pertinencia educativa, formativa, pedagógica y curricular
Authors: Iafrancesco Villegas Giovanni Marcelo
Published: December 2019

Los procesos evolutivos del ser humano y sus tendencias en el desarrollo que se tienen en los distintos momentos de la vida, en especial los de la infancia, adolescencia y juventud y, entre ellos, los que ocurren durante el desarrollo emocional, social, cognoscitivo, de la personalidad y del carácter, del juicio moral, de la inteligencia, etc., son muy importantes para el planeamiento del contenido y de los procesos de aprendizaje.

Este concepto de evolución psico-biológica de las personas introdujo la idea que existe una transformación ordenada y secuencial en las personas que amplía la capacidad del organismo para la adaptación, y que este proceso incluye al niño en su totalidad mientras reacciona con respecto a su medio.
El conflicto entre competencias y capacidades
Authors: Mejía Jiménez Marco Raúl
Published: December 2019

"Es verdad que la educación superior se encuentra encerrada en una jaula de hierro weberiana, signada por la racionalidad prescriptiva, los fines establecidos y el operacionalismo. Sin embargo, la comunidad académica todavía tiene la llave de la jaula. El camino futuro no radica en ninguna clase de intento por recuperar el pasado, ni como una fórmula de cultura cognitiva ni como un orden más amplio del academicismo. Más bien consiste en una forma nueva de desarrollo humano que configura nuestros objetivos curriculares. Afrontamos una ideología limitante, ya sea que nos refiramos a ella en los términos nuevos (competencias, resultados, habilidades y capacidad de transferencia) o en los antiguos (intelecto, conocimientos, verdad, objetividad y disciplina). En el primer caso, la educación superior sirve a una concepción cerrada acerca de la relación con la economía, y en el otro, está al servicio de la relación con la cultura cognitiva. La pregunta importante es si es posible una concepción más abierta acerca del currículo, que sea adecuada para una educación superior que sostenga una relación más abierta con la sociedad y esté sustentada en una concepción más abierta del ser humano."

Ronald Barnett

Esta cita es una excelente síntesis que muestra la encrucijada en la cual se encuentra la universidad y todas las personas que tenemos una relación con ella, un cambio y unas transformaciones profundas acompañan este
De la racionalidad técnica a la racionalidad crítica
Authors: Gallego Murillo Luis Marino , Gallego Murillo Héctor Jaime
Published: December 2019

La Educación y en especial las instituciones educativas han permitido concepciones e imposturas[1] acerca del curriculum un poco sesgadas, en ocasiones arraigadas e inspiradas en formas instrumentalistas del quehacer educativo, que ven al curriculum como un elemento para la organización, la reproducción y, por lo tanto, para el control de la vida escolar. Se pretende mostrar que el concepto de curriculum puede trascender más allá de la concepción habitual, ocupar el sitio y adquirir el estatus que en realidad se merece, ser el eje y el eslabón primordial en la educación. En consecuencia, las instituciones educativas deben re-direccionar sus políticas y ser entidades pioneras, generadoras y promotoras de proyectos de vida; el curriculum tiene en sí mismo motivos de transformación y renovación de las condiciones humanas, desde improntas que lo hacen abierto, dinámico, flexible, integrado, textual, teórico-práctico y contextuado.

Un concepto emergente de educación debe tener presente la procedencia del individuo: formación cultural, teligiosa y política. Este ensayo, además, pretende ofrecer una reflexión teórica sobre el tema de la racionalidad como eje epistemológico y axiológico a partir de un análisis de la racionalidad instrumental-tecnológica, que es la hegemónica en la actualidad, y de la propuesta de corte habermasiano de la racionalidad comunicativa como alternativa crítica a la misma.
De la política de permanencia escolar a la singularidad institucional
Authors: López Jiménez Nelson Ernesto , Guevara Salazar Leidy Ximena , Silva Quiza Jairo
Published: December 2019

El actual gobierno del departamento del HUILA, a través de la Secretaría de Educación, y la Universidad Surcolombiana, a través del Grupo de Investigación PACA, establecieron una alianza estratégica con el propósito de indagar de manera sistemática los factores de retención (permanencia) escolar presentes en 70 establecimientos educativos del departamento.

Mediante propuesta presentada a la Secretaría de Educación Departamental se argumentó la necesidad de replantear los estudios relacionados con la permanencia y el abandono escolar, comunmente conocidos como "deserción" estudiantil, dando cabida a la posibilidad de indagar sobre los factores que impiden el abandono, es decir, que garantizan la permanencia escolar en la perspectiva de su fortaleza o debilidad y así poder construir PLANES DE MEJORAMIENTO caracterizados por la pertenencia social y la pertinencia institucional.
THE LONG-RUN IMPACT OF ENERGY USE, INCOME AND TRADE ON CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN MERCOSUR MEMBER STATES
Authors: Dellachiesa Alejandro , Yu Tunhsiang Edward
Published: December 2019

Using a heterogeneous panel cointegration analysis, this study examines the long-run impacts of income, trade, and energy use on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay between 1970 − 2008. Results show that the long-run impact of those factors on CO2 emissions; particularly trade, changed following the establishment of the Mercosur regional free trade agreement in 1991. The results also suggest that increasing the level of openness, after removing barriers to trade and encouraging investments in transportation infrastructure, created positive effects in the reduction of CO2 emissions post-Mercosur. Our findings indicate that the enhancement and increase in utilization of the region’s inland waterway system could shift the Mercosur’s transport matrix towards more economical transportation modes that generates positive effects on the environment.
Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Multikultural yang Dipengaruhi oleh Kompetensi Komunikasi Guru di Sekolah Dasar Inklusi Trirenggo, Yogyakarta
Authors: Kartikawati Dwi , Rajagukguk Djudjur Luciana , Sriwartini Yayu
Published: December 2019

This research focused on the urgency of teachers’ communication competence in inculcating multicultural values at elementary schools, in this case, the inclusive elementary school of Trirenggo, Yogyakarta. Communication skills are an essential competency for teachers as stated in the Regulation of the Minister of Education No. 16 of 2007 dated May 4th, 2007. Teachers, as communicators, are the main factor in establishing effective communication in the learning process. In this case, a teacher with excellent communication skills would substantially determine a school’s success in the implementation of multicultural values. In order to analyze the subject, this study used a qualitative method, and the data were collected from three respondents from the inclusive elementary school of Trirenggo, Yogyakarta. The results indicated that teachers’ communication competency which consisted of three aspects, i.e. motivation, knowledge, and skills, was urgently required in order to achieve teaching goals. A competent teacher would significantly be able to establish a positive atmosphere and influence among students, thus, enable them to effectively inculcate the designated values. At this school, the multicultural values were integrated into teaching subjects, students’ assessment, specified learning methods, character development, and regular group activities.
Budaya Literasi Media Digital Pada Ibu-Ibu Rumah Tangga
Authors: Novianti Dewi , Fatonah Siti
Published: December 2019

Media literacy in the digital era has become important. Various layers of society need to understand the importance of digital media literacy. Research subjects were housewives in the Sleman area of Yogyakarta. Research subjects so far have not understood how to intelligently consume media. Media content worries that most of them are negative which can anesthetize the audience. The biggest content from media is entertainment. The media prioritizes entertainment programs that pay less attention to the ethics and norms of society. They don't care about the negative impact of the content displayed. Thus it is necessary to cultivate the media literacy movement for housewives. The method used is content analysis, literature study, in-depth interviews, observation, and FGD. The results of the study show that housewives after being given training, socialization, and FGD on digital media literacy became aware of the importance of digital media literacy. Then they continuously convey to the family and the environment where they are. On several occasions, PKK meetings, the Qur’an recitation group, socialized the importance of digital media literacy. Finally, this digital media literacy becomes a culture especially in Maguwoharjo Village, Sleman regency, Yogyakarta. This village is a pilot village of digital media literacy culture for the surrounding environment, especially the Sleman Regency Yogyakarta.
Nasal and vaginal colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pregnant women in Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Correa Oscar , Delgado Kelly , Rangel Carla , Bello Ana , Reyes Niradiz
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The host niche for Staphylococcus aureus (SA) are the anterior nares; however, vaginal colonization rates between 14% and 17.1% in pregnant women have been recently reported, raising interest about the potential risk in postpartum women and in neonates from colonized mothers.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of nasal and vaginal colonization of SA and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates in pregnant women attending a maternity hospital in Cartagena, Colombia.Methods: Nasal and vaginal swabs were obtained from participants and subjected to microbiological and molecular assays. A post discharge follow-up was performed for up to four weeks.Results: From 100 pregnant women enrolled in the study, 34 were colonized with SA; 29 only in the nares, three only in the vagina, and two at both sites. Colonization of pregnant women with SA was more common in the nares than in the vagina or at both sites [29/34 (85.3%) vs 3/34 (8.8%) and 2/34 (5.9%); p<0.05]. We obtained 36 SA isolates, nine (25%) of which were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), one was from the vagina; thus, the overall MRSA colonization rate among pregnant women was 9%. Molecular analysis showed that Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were carried by the vaginal MRSA, seven of the nasal MRSA, and two of the Methicillinsensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates. Two MRSA isolates carried SCCmec type I and seven carried SCCmec type IV.Conclusions: Nasal colonization rate for SA in the study population was similar to previous reports. However, the frequency of nasal colonization of MRSA was higher while vaginal colonization of SA was lower than previouslyreported in other studies for similar populations. The MRSA isolates obtained showed a community profile.
Salivary cortisol levels as a predictor of preeclampsia in adolescents
Authors: Salvador-Moysén Jaime , Ramírez-Aranda José M , Martínez-López Yolanda , Aguilar-Durán Marisela
Published: December 2019

Objective: To determine the usefulness of salivary cortisol as a predictor of preeclampsia in adolescents.Methods: We carried out a nested case- control study. Somatometric, clinical, and biochemical data were obtained from 100 healthy pregnant adolescents and salivary cortisol was measured at 8:00, 12:00, and 20:00 hours on twooccasions during pregnancy, before 20 weeks, and after 30 weeks of gestation. The cortisol values between the group of healthy pregnant women and the group that developed preeclampsia were compared by using the Student’s t, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. Also, the ROC curve of cortisol values and the Positive and Negative Predictive values of cortisol were estimated.Results: Values >14.9 nmol/L of cortisol were observed in the group that developed preeclampsia, providing a positive predictive value of 1 (100%). Values <10.1 nmol/L were observed in the control group, the negativepredictive value was 1 (100%). The cutoff point of the ROC curve -before 20 weeks of gestation- in the members of the cohort was 13.9 nmol/L.Conclusions: The salivary cortisol values observed in the two evaluations made to each of the groups showed statistically significant differences between the groups at 8 and 12 hours of the day. The values obtained enable establishing gradients that allow separating the group of healthy women that got ill with preeclampsia from the group that did not develop the illness before week 20. After week 30, the cortisol gradients are established more clearly in the group with preeclampsia and in the control group. The validation of these findings in larger samples would allowimplementing this procedure as a screening test for preeclampsia in groups of pregnant adolescents.
Factors associated to risk of malnutrition amongst elderly women in low-income communities
Authors: Virtuoso-Júnior Jair Sindra , Tribess Sheilla , Romo-Perez Vicente , Oliveira-Guerra Ricardo
Published: December 2019

Objective: The present study aimed to identify the prevalence and the factors associated with the risk of malnutrition in elderly women. Methods: The study deals with a cross-sectional design, with a sample of 222 women in the age group from 60 to 96 years of age. An interview was carried out containing socio-demographic variables, clinical conditions, and behavioral aspects. The statistical analysis was accomplished via calculation of the respective prevalence ratios (PR) in the Poisson regression, p<0.05. Results: A prevalence of 33.8% (n=75) of women, considered with a malnutrition risk or undernourished, which started from the hierarchical multivariate analysis, was identified. A significant association with the age group ranging from 70 to 79 years of age (PR=2.1; CI 95%: 1.3-6.7), low education level (PR=3.1; CI 95%: 1.0-11,6), living with other people (PR=2.0; CI 95%: 1.0-4.6), the presence of depressive symptomatology (PR=2.1; CI 95%: 1.0-7.1), absence of administration of medication (PR=3.0; CI 95%: 1.1-7.6), having had some food privation along their lives (PR=3.1; CI 95%: 1.3-9.6), and with less than 75% of the time of physical activity in their leisure time (PR=2.0; CI 95%: 1.0-4.7) were found. Conclusion: There is a high percentage of elderly women in situation of malnutrition risk, and the associated factors to the condition suggests a complex causal net in the determination of the nutritional state.
Transformations sociodemographic and living conditions in two indigenous and black populations in northern Cauca in the period between 1993-2005
Authors: Urrea Giraldo Fernando , Rodriguez Sánchez Diego Alejandro
Published: December 2019

Objectives: To describe the changes occurred in some sociodemographic variables and in the living conditions among the Nasa, Guambiana and Afrocolombian populations in the northern region of the department of Cauca, and those occurred in two white-mestizo and black residential sectors in Cali, during the 1993-2005 period.Methods: It is a descriptive study for which several sociodemographic indicators were calculated through the processing of census microdata of the years 1993 and 2005: juvenile dependency rate; total masculinity index; mean household size; specific and global fecundity, and infant mortality rates; life expectancy; mean years of schooling; health coverage; and percentage of population with unmet basic needs (UBN). In this way, the notorious differences in the sociodemographic and standard of living trends between the different populations under study can be stressed.Results: The Guambiana population of the Silva town presents lower fertility rates than the Nasa population, still characterized for presenting early fertility rates. Unlike the northern Cauca Indian people, the Afrocolombian population from this region and the one resident in Cali’s black popular urban classes tends to show similar socio-demographic patterns.Conclusions: Although there have been deep changes during this period among the populations under study, the ethnic-racial inequalities seem to persist. From this first diagnosis, attention is called to the need for a more adequate reproductive health policy to attend the specific needs present among the Indian population.
Analysis of population genetic structure from Bucaramanga (Colombia) based on gene polymorphisms associated with regulation of blood pressure
Authors: León Francisco Javier , Rondón González Fernando , Vargas Castellanos Clara Inés , Oróstegui Myriam , Bautista Leonelo , Serrano Norma Cecilia , Páez María Carolina , Castillo Pico Adriana
Published: December 2019

Introduction: In spite of nearly 40% of the variability in blood pressure can be explained by genetic factors, the identification of genes associated with essential high blood pressure is difficult in populations where individuals have different genetic precedents; in these circumstances, it is necessary to determine whether the population is sub-structured because this can bias studies associated with this disease.Objectives: To determine the genetic structure of the population in Bucaramanga from genetic polymorphisms associated with the regulation of blood pressure: 448G>T, 679C>T y 1711C>T from the gene kinase 4 of the dopaminergic receptor linked to the protein G and Glu298Asp, -786T>C and the VNTR of the intron 4 of the gene of endothelial nitric oxide.Methods: A sample of 552 unrelated individuals was studied by analyzing Restriction fragment length polymorphism. The allelic, haplotypic and genotypic frequencies were calculated, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was determined and a molecular analysis of variance was performed to determine the genetic structure.Results: 38 Haplotypes were identified, with GCCTG4b as the most frequent (21.2%). The most diverse polymorphism was 448G>T with a frequency of 49.9% for heterozygous. The six polymorphisms were found in genetic equilibrium and genetic structure of populations was not evidenced (FST= 0.0038).Conclusion: The population studied does not present a genetic sub-structure and the polymorphisms analyzed were found in genetic equilibrium, this indicates that the population mixes randomly and there are no sub-groups capable of affecting the results of the association studies.
Achondroplasia among ancient populations of mesoamerica and South America: Iconographic and Archaeological Evidence
Authors: Rodríguez Carlos A. , Isaza Carolina , Pachajoa Harry
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Achondroplasia is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, genu varum, and trident hand.Although the etiology of this disease was reported in 1994, evidence of this disease in ancient populations has been found in populations of ancient Egypt (2500 BC) and it has been documented in ancient American populations.Objective: To analyze the presence of individuals with achondroplasia in the Mayan state society of Mexico and Guatemala, during the Classical (100-950 AC) and Post-Classical (950-1519 AC) periods; likewise, in the hierarchical-chieftain society of Tumaco-la Tolita (300 BC – 600 AC) from the Colombia-Ecuador Pacific coast, and the Moche state society (100 - 600 AC) from the northern coast of Peru.Methods: Iconographic and clinical-morphological studies of some of the most important artistic representations of individuals of short stature in these three cultures.Conclusion: We present the hypothesis that the individuals with short stature were somehow associated with the political and religious power elite.
Secondary lead poisoning due to bullets lodged in the human body
Authors: Gerstner Garcés Juan Bernardo
Published: December 2019

With the increase of violence and use of firearms in Colombia, we may see more cases of lead poisoning in our environment, and must be prepared to diagnose and treat them. Subtle signs and symptoms as unexplained anemia, gastro-intestinal discomfort and abdominal cramps, and severe as changes in behavior and neurological status, nephropathy, and unexplained death, may be associated with a history of gunshot wounds and projectiles in the human body, and must offer the patient knowledge and management strategies of pathology.
Epidemiological surveillance of the HIV/AIDS complex through the analysis of trends in the incidence of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Cali, Colombia
Authors: Saldarriaga-Cantillo Alejandra , Londoño Oscar , García Luz Stella , Collazos Paola , Bravo Luis Eduardo
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) incidence has markedly changed in the general population since the onset of the AIDS epidemic in the eighties and after the introduction of the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in the nine­ties. Objective: To investigate incidence rate trends for Kaposi’s sarcoma before and during the (HIV/AIDS) epidemic in Cali, Colombia. Methods: Exploratory ecological study that included all Kaposi’s sarcoma cases identified by the Cali Cancer Registry from 1962-2007, and 12,887 cases of HIV/AIDS recorded in the Municipal Health Secretariat of Cali between 1986 and 2010. The joinpoint regression model was used to conduct the incidence rate analyses between the years 1962 and 2010. Results: A total of 349 KS cases were identified during the study period. Only 5.3% of the cases (n=20) were diagnosed in the pre-epidemic era (1963-1987), of these, 35.0% were women, and 90.0% of the tumors were located on the skin. In contrast, 94.7% of KS cases (n=329) were discovered after the emergence of HIV-AIDS. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of women (10.9%, p <0.001) and an increase in the frequency of tumors with an extra-cutaneous location (19.1%, p <0.01) com­pared to those cases diagnosed in the pre-epidemic era. Notification rates of HIV/AIDS have decreased since 2002 in both genders but KS incidence rates have decreased since 2004 in men only. Conclusion: The downward trend in the incidence of these diseases may be associated with factors that prevent the trans­mission of HIV infection or limit the spread of HIV in the community. Cancer registries represent a resource for timely, population-based surveil-lance of HIV-associated malignancies in Cali, Colombia.
From trials to the public health: pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention
Authors: Kallas Esper , João Luiz Miraglia
Published: December 2019

Two million two hundred thousand adults were newly HIV-infected in 2011, underscoring the urgent need for new, effective ways to prevent incident infections. Recently, the field of HIV prevention has gathered positive results from different strategies, among different populations, and with varying effect sizes, including the treatment of HIV-positive women and men in discordant couples, male circumcision of HIV-negative men in sub-Saharan Africa, a HIV vaccine evaluated in a community-based trial among HIV-negative men and women in Thailand, the use of vaginal gel formulation of TDF for HIV prevention in women in South Africa, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or emtricitabine and TDF (TDF-FTC) among HIV-1-serodiscordant heterosexual couples from Kenya and Uganda, and PrEP with TDF-FTC among heterosexual men and women in Africa. Of these interventions, PrEP is an attractive policy because it does not directly interferes with the sexual intercourse, providing people a choice on HIV prevention regardless of cultural, religious, or social harnesses.
Vitamin B12 deficit and development of geriatric syndromes
Authors: Ocampo Jose Mauricio
Published: December 2019

Vitamin B12 deficiency or cyanocobalamin is a common condition in the elderly. It is repeatedly overlooked due to multiple clinical manifestations that can affect the blood, neurological, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems, skin and mucous membranes. The various presentations of vitamin B12 deficiency are related to the development of geriatric syndromes like frailty, falls, cognitive impairment, and geriatric nutritional syndromes like protein-energy malnutrition and failure to thrive, in addition to enhancing aging anorexia and cachexia. Therefore, interventions must be developed to include their screening and diagnosis to make early and appropriate treatment to prevent its complications before they become irreversible.
Functional differences of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae's determining periodontal disease pathogenesis: A Literature Review
Authors: Moreno Sandra M , Contreras Adolfo
Published: December 2019

Porphyromonas gingivalis is implicated in chronic and aggressive periodontitis. This bacterium has numerous virulence factors and one is the fimbriae, which is quite important for bacterial colonization. Fimbriae are appendices that anchor to the bacterial wall and are comprised of the protein fimbriline encoded by the fimA gene. Thus far, six genotypes have been identified, fimA I to V and Ib. Genotypes II and IV are associated with periodontal disease, while genotype I is related to gingival health. Genotype identification of P. gingivalis fimA in periodontitis would be important to confirm the pathogenic genotypes and to establish risk at population level. This review is about the P. gingivalis fimA genotype prevalence worldwide. A systematic search using Pubmed, Hinary, and Science Direct within the following descriptors: Porphyromonas gingivalis, bacterial adhesion,periodontitis, fimbriae, fimA, genotipification was performed to April 2011.
The Concept of “Projection” and “Projective Meaning” in the Term System of Cognitive Linguistics
Authors: Cherneyko L. O.
Published: December 2019

The paper proposes a nontrivial approach to the study of the mechanism of associating meanings and words in speech, which allows us to consider not their equal connection, but the projection of the unknown and/or incomprehensible to the elements of experience – a collective, molded in usual compatibility of language units, or an individual that creates occasional compatibility. The purpose of the study is to provide a detailed theoretical justification for the use of the term “projection” in cognitive linguistics and in cognitive poetics as an emerging paradigm of knowledge about the artistic text, as well as the term “projective meaning”, which allows us to approach such traditionally distinguished paths as metaphor, comparison and metamorphosis from a single point of view. The theoretical basis of the research is the concept of grammaticality of abstract substantives with secondary predicates developed by the author, the method of modeling culturally developed and artistic ideas on the abstract phenomenon calculated in projective meanings, and the principles of linguistic modeling of the semantic structure of artistic text. The argument of the relevance of the term “projection” in linguistics is based on the scientific achievements of domestic and foreign linguists, but the historical perspective requires recognition of the priority in developing a method that later received the name “conceptual analysis of the word” for such domestic linguists as A. Bely and V. A. Uspensky. In the mathematical term “projection”, which is adopted by linguistics relevant for cognitive science, the idea of dependence of the unknown on the known in the process of its mental development, as well as the idea of the “picture plane”, which can be interpreted as applied to linguistic tasks as an object plane filled with the results of everyday experience. Projective meanings (projectives) are proposed to be considered as sensual and logical images of an abstract phenomenon, in which its meaningful cultural profiles (sides, aspects) are conceptualized and which guide the compatibility of its name, and the set of projectives is a verifiable model of the content of an abstract name. The article proposes the establishment of similarity (by projectivity) of cognitive metaphors and comparisons and their cognitive and structural differences: logical redundancy of comparison and the logical need for a cognitive metaphor for the discursive existence of abstract names. In comparison, as a kind of widely understood metaphor, there is a “form-building instinct” (O. Mandelstam), in which knowledge prevails over vision, metaphysics over physics, individual over universal.
Lyric and Narration as Two Versions of Cognitive Modeling of the Reality
Authors: Radbil T. B.
Published: December 2019

The work presents the foundations of cognitive interpretation of the category of artistry with regard to its text realization by means of a natural language. The purpose is to formulate the theoretic principles of distinction between narration and lyric as two versions of cognitive modeling of the reality. The theoretical basis of the study is elaborated by the author “philosophy of literary word” and interdisciplinary, general humanitarian narration theory on the basis of communicative and cognitive-oriented approach. The methodology of the study is the cognitive-discursive analysis of a text. The study shows that verbal way of embodiment of the category of artistry reflects a special type of consciousness oriented towards linguo-creative and heuristic modeling of otherness which is transcendent in relation to the speaker’s reality, to that we call “simply life” which involves to two additionally distributed modes of existence – being in event and being in experience. In accordance with this, two ways of verbal cognitive modeling of aesthetic kind: (1) the narration cognitive model; (2) the lyric cognitive model. Narration is based on the model of objectification, i.e. unfolding in temporal sequence of something that happens out of subject’s zone, when so-called “outside world” is the focus; lyric realizes the model of registration of reactive non-reflected intentional experience of things which a subject feels himself, when inner world is the focus. The author distinguished consistently narration1 and lyric1 as phenomena of human everyday existence and, accordingly, narration2 and lyric2 as turning natural things into semiotic ones, nature into culture due to aesthetic transformation. Both versions of cognitive modeling of the reality are conditioned by some peculiarities of a natural language. Aesthetic transformation of “simply life” in its two versions is realized by a natural language by the use of universal mechanisms of a conceptual (cognitive) metaphor of pictorial or expressive types. In this, lyric is a kind of dominance of modus over dictum, and narration is, vice-versa, a kind of prevalence of dictum over modus. Findings are that there is not any special “aesthetic language” – we deal with the most ordinary language, simply in especial conditions of its functioning, in especial mode of communication and with especial intentionality, simply used in especial function of cognitive modeling of probabilistic states of the world and / or mind.