bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Missbrauchsverbot als Durchsetzungsinstrument
Authors: Grewe Max
Published: September 2020

Gegenstand der Arbeit ist – gerade vor dem Hintergrund des Verfahrens des Bundeskartellamts gegen Facebook betreffend die Zusammenführung von (Nutzer-)Daten aus verschiedenen Quellen – die Frage, ob und inwieweit Bestimmungen des AGB- und Lauterkeitsrechts als Maßstab der Missbrauchsaufsicht herangezogen und insofern kartellrechtlich durchgesetzt werden können. Hierbei soll auch überprüft werden, ob allfällige Durchsetzungsdefizite durch das Kartellrecht überwunden werden mögen. Damit betrifft die Arbeit das rechtspolitisch bedeutsame Thema der richtigen Regulierung der monopolaffinen Digitalökonomie.
Die Notwendigkeit der Umgestaltung Deutscher Sportschiedsgerichtsbarkeit
Authors: Steinitz Svenja
Published: September 2020

Doping spielt im Sport nach wie vor eine große Rolle. Dies gilt auch für gerichtliche Auseinandersetzungen im Zusammenhang mit Doping. Im professionellen Sport ist es gängige Praxis, die Athleten der Sportschiedsgerichtsbarkeit zu unterwerfen. Eine echte Wahl, die Dopingstreitigkeiten von einem ordentlichen oder einem privaten (Sport-) Schiedsgericht entscheiden zu lassen, haben die Sportler aber oftmals nicht. Die Verfasserin widmet sich daher der Frage, ob die gängige Praxis der Sportgerichtsbarkeit noch haltbar ist bzw. in welchem Ausmaß sie gegen die Rechte der Athleten verstößt. Anschließend befasst sie sich mit den Möglichkeiten der Umgestaltung der (nationalen) Sportgerichtsbarkeit unter Beachtung der Grundrechte der Beteiligten.
Das Ausland als Lern- und Experimentierfeld
Authors: Wlossek Isabella
Published: September 2020

The present volume contributes to a better understanding of the potential of a year abroad as a field of learning and experimentation in adolescence. By means of a qualitative study, the aim is to produce comprehensive analyses in which the initial situation, the course of stay and the experienced impacts are considered in a coherent manner. The special feature of the study is its longitudinal design while keeping the composition of the investigated group the same. The data collected in this way at different times of stay over a period of two years allows for deeper insights into the reality constructions of the examined persons.
The Effects of Doxorubicin, Ethanol Extract and Flavonoid-rich Fraction of Euphorbia Splendida Mobayen on the PARP Level, and APC Gene Expression in HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Aein Mojdeh , Fallah Soudabeh , Ahmadpour Fatemeh , Dabili Sheyda , Shojaii Asie , Fadaei Reza
Published: September 2020

Background: Natural products derived from various sources are being used to develop chemotherapeutic drugs. Euphorbiaceae is widely used to treat different types of cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second and third cause of cancer in women and men, respectively. CRC is strongly associated with the deregulation of the Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PPAR) protein. Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the effect of doxorubicin, ethanol extract, and the flavonoid-rich fraction of Euphorbia Splendida Mobayen on colon cancer HT-29 cell line death, APC gene expression, and PPAR concentration. Methods: Following treatment of cells by Euphorbia ethanol extract, Euphorbia flavonoid-rich fraction, and doxorubicin, cell viability assay was used to investigate the viability status of the HT-29 cell line. Total RNA was isolated from the cell line and converted into cDNA. The expression level of the APC gene was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PPAR) protein was detected by the ELIZA method. Results: We found that Euphorbia ethanol extract, Euphorbia flavonoid-rich fraction, and doxorubicin can stimulate dose-dependent cell death in the HT-29 cell line, increase ACP gene expression (P = 0.001, P = 0.041, P = 0.019), and decrease PARP level (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The findings indicated that doxorubicin, ethanol extract, and the flavonoid-rich fraction of Euphorbia Splendida Mobayen had cytotoxic effects on human colon cancer HT-29 cell line by possibly stimulating apoptosis.
A Retrospective Study on Human Leukocyte Antigen Types and Haplotypes in a South African Population
Authors: Gandini Anastasia , Mampeule Nakampe , Jugwanth Sarika , Gededzha Maemu P. , Mayne Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

Context.—

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a polymorphic protein of the immune system with a central role in organ transplantation. Organ recipients can be sensitized against HLA from previous exposure, which increases the likelihood of antidonor immune responses and subsequently organ rejection. HLA matching represents an attractive option to improve graft function, reduce sensitization of recipients in first transplantations, and improve organ allocation.

Objective.—

To examine the feasibility of the reintroduction of HLA matching into the criteria in the Johannesburg program, we retrospectively assessed HLA types in our donor population.

Design.—

HLA types of 782 deceased and related living donors from 2015 until 2019 were recorded and analyzed to identify the most common HLA types and haplotypes. A virtual crossmatch was also done to examine the anti-HLA antibodies in the recipient population compared with the common HLA types identified in this study.

Results.—

Of the most common HLA types identified, at least 1 was present in 732 (93.6%) of the renal donors assessed. The virtual crossmatch confirmed that most recipients are sensitized against most donors, and this greatly impacts the number of recipients who can receive organ transplants.

Conclusions.—

This study determined the most common HLA types and haplotypes in a South African organ donor population. This information, combined with the evidence suggesting the immunogenic potential of these common types, the high number of recipients with antibodies against common HLA types, and the ethnic distribution of the donor and recipient populations, informs the recommendation that the pretransplantation workup should not reinclude HLA matching.
Autism BrainNet: A Collaboration Between Medical Examiners, Pathologists, Researchers, and Families to Advance the Understanding and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Anderson Matthew P. , Quinton Reade , Kelly Karen , Falzon Andrew , Halladay Alycia , Schumann Cynthia M. , Hof Patrick R. , Tamminga Carol A. , Hare Carolyn Komich , Amaral David G.
Published: September 2020

Context.—

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects over 1% of the population worldwide. Developing effective preventions and treatments for autism will depend on understanding the neuropathology of the disorder. While evidence from magnetic resonance imaging indicates altered development of the autistic brain, it lacks the resolution needed to identify the cellular and molecular underpinnings of the disorder. Postmortem studies of human brain tissue currently represent the only viable option to pursuing these critical studies. Historically, the availability of autism brain tissue has been extremely limited.

Objective.—

To overcome this limitation, Autism BrainNet, funded by the Simons Foundation, was formed as a network of brain collection sites that work in a coordinated fashion to develop a library of human postmortem brain tissues for distribution to researchers worldwide. Autism BrainNet has collection sites (or Nodes) in California, Texas, and Massachusetts; affiliated, international Nodes are located in Oxford, England and Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Data Sources.—

Pubmed, Autism BrainNet.

Conclusions.—

Because the death of autistic individuals is often because of an accident, drowning, suicide, or sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, they often are seen in a medical examiner's or coroner's office. Yet, autism is rarely considered when evaluating the cause of death. Advances in our understanding of chronic traumatic encephalopathy have occurred because medical examiners and neuropathologists questioned whether a pathologic change might exist in individuals who played contact sports and later developed severe behavioral problems. This article highlights the potential for equally significant breakthroughs in autism arising from the proactive efforts of medical examiners, pathologists, and coroners in partnership with Autism BrainNet.
Questions of Development of Students’ Functional Literacy
Authors: Beisenova Zhainagul , Kanafiyeva Kulanda , Moldakhmetova Saltanat , Kuandykova Zhanar
Published: September 2020

Objective: The article is devoted to the definition of critical thinking skills, the stimulation of critical thinking in language teaching. One of the requirements of the global linguistic globalisation is functional literacy, which involves a degree of native languages. Today the objective historical principal is the nomination of more serious requirements to the knowledge level and skills of students.
Background: In the current realities, the educational process in higher education institutions should focus on building skills that contribute to the implementation of the concept of “education throughout life”. It is obvious that the main condition for the formation of such skills is the presence of a certain level of functional literacy.
Method: To test the hypothesis of the research and achieve the objectives the following methods have been used: theoretical: analysis of pedagogical, philosophical, psychological literature on research; empirical: observation, analysis of results of operations, testing, conducting formative, notes and summarising experiments; statistical: mathematical processing of experimental results.
Results: The results of experimental work have shown positive changes in all indicators of the activity component. Significantly reduce the number of students who own conclusions and explanations skills at a low level.
Conclusion: To ensure the efficiency of the formation of functional literacy encourage students to apply the technology of critical thinking, which can be used to form the organisational, intellectual and other skills, including the ability to carry out activities of teaching independently.
Professional Training of Future Teachers for the Development of Speech Activity of Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Sapargaliyeva Aizhan Zh. , Muratbekova Dinara Ye. , Aralbaeva Ryszhamal K. , Zhakipbekova Saule S. , Shynybekova Aizhan S.
Published: September 2020

Objective: The purpose of the experiment was to determine the level of knowledge of future primary school teachers about dialogical speech in the lessons of a discipline “Self-knowledge” (content component), their ability to apply this knowledge in the process of developing the dialogical speech of primary school students with mental disorders (operational component) and the comprehensive using of knowledge about dialogical speech in the process of educational activity (motivational component).
Background: Professional training of future teachers of primary schools is currently one of the pressing problems in modern Kazakhstan. One such way is the introduction of a practice-oriented competence of the future primary school teacher. This involves the formation of professional competence of a primary school teacher, his ability to solve typical professional problems on the basis of acquired knowledge and experience.
Method: For determining the preparation of future primary school teachers for work on the development of dialogical speech of primary school students a pedagogical experiment consisting of ascertaining and formative stages was conducted.
Results: Scientific research on the methodology of speech development is aimed at finding methods, techniques, and forms of training that increase the effectiveness of such important components of the learning content as language and speech competence, which are part of the communicative competence of pupils. In scientific pedagogy and psychology, the purpose of education and training is to develop a child's personality. The development of personality is considered as a long process of acquiring the culture of the people. Speech culture is an integral part of the general culture, so speech development is the most important task of forming the personality of a preschool and primary school pupil. The key role in psychological development is played by external, oral, monological, dialogical, and written speech.
Conclusion: Interrelation of the investigated components can serve as a description of the level of preparedness of future primary school teachers.
Collaborative Environment as a Means of Forming Success of a Future Teacher of Elementary Classes in Project Activity
Authors: Syzdykbayeva Aigul D. , Mambetalina Aliya S. , Nuradinov Almat S. , Kurmanbekova Manshuk B. , Kabylbekova Zauret B.
Published: September 2020

Objective: The purpose of the study is to determine whether future elementary school teachers are successful in project activities and whether a properly organised collaborative environment affects the outcome of project activities.
Background: In conditions when a person is the most important value and main capital of a society, the goal and product of the educational system should be human intelligence and personality. Therefore, for domestic education today, the issue of raising the status of the teaching profession and the modernisation of teacher education has become serious. The article reveals the problem of the successful formation of a future primary school teacher in project activities through a collaborative environment. The authors define the concepts of "project activity", "the success of the future primary school teacher in project activity”, “project”, “collaborative environment”.
Method: The methodology for organising a collaborative environment in project activities is determined. The study involved two groups; the sample was 107 pupils.
Results: A programme for diagnosing the successful formation of a future primary school teacher in project activities is presented. Criteria, indicators (motivational, cognitive, activity) and levels of success formation of the future primary school teacher in project activities (intuitive, reproductive, creative) are defined.
Conclusion: As part of the study, the authors determined that a collaborative environment is an effective means of success for a future primary school teacher in design. A collaborative environment was defined as the collaboration of a teacher and pupils in solving a problem, completing a task, or creating a product.
Ways of Forming Personal and Social-Labour Functions of a Future Teacher
Authors: Tangkish Nazira P. , Kamalov Yussubaly N. , Aripzhan Gulnur , Kairakbaeva Hanzada , Duisebaeva Gulnara , Erbota Ainur S.
Published: September 2020

Objective: The relevance of research is determined by the fact that it allows identifying the main criteria by which the development of a teacher is ensured both at the level of personal development and at the level of improving labour functions. The authors understand the complex development of personal and social-labour functions of a teacher as self-development in the process of fulfilling professional relations.
Background: Each of the participants in the educational process must meet the requirements set by state educational standards. With that, the personal qualities of a teacher should be fully correlated with the necessity of improving labour parameters.
Method: The effectiveness of the introduction of pedagogical conditions, which had a significant impact on the professional self-development of teachers, was tested experimentally with the use of anthropocentric and activity-based approaches to studying the problem, as well as with the use of the statistical method.
Results: The analysis presented in the paper showed that the indicated pedagogical conditions contribute to the formation of professional motivation, focus on the professional self-development of teachers, a high level of aspirations, awareness of the value of individual professional self-development, the ability to notice shortcomings, develop social skills and communication skills of teachers.
Conclusion: It was determined that the socio-psychological climate in an institution, where there is organisational support from the administration and informational support from other specialists, contributes to the development of operational-activity and reflective and value-based components.
Career Guidance of Teenagers and their Sociocultural Development and Adaptation in Modern World of New Technologies
Authors: Zuyeva Tatyana V. , Nyssanov Adel T.
Published: September 2020

Objective: Compilation and partial testing of a career guidance program for students with special training in high school.
Background: A modern teenager is formed as a personality in the conditions of a constant increase of prestige of a profession and readiness of the labour market for the formation of subject-matter specialists. Each teenager chooses a profession based on their current market situation and their perception of it not only by technical capabilities but also by social, cultural, and value orientations. In this regard, early identification of professional preferences and the establishment of a system of work with schoolchildren, point-oriented to the choice of a profession, is relevant. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that such a choice is made without the ability to determine success in a specific professional field in advance.
Method: The main content of the formation of teenagers' knowledge and skills for professional activities in the sociocultural environment were the disciplines of the variable part of the curriculum and the special course "Features of professional activity in the sociocultural environment”. The methodology for creating and implementing a special course is focused on the formation of the basic components of readiness for professional activity in the sociocultural environment: personal, interactive, and reflective (evaluative).
Results: The article not only analyses the current experience of career guidance but also proposes to analyse the situation of teenagers' susceptibility to such guidance basing on different components. The practical significance of the study is determined by long-term projects, which are considered as a probabilistic improvement of socio-economic development and improvement of the quality of work in various industries, and at the personal level – sociocultural development and socialisation of teenagers.
Conclusion: The career guidance of teenagers should combine not only a story of a target audience about the benefits of a profession, but also about ways of communication and formation of a definition of technological way to bring information about the choice of profession.
Perception of Unemployment Reasons during Coronavirus Lockdown in Ukraine
Authors: Korniienko Inokentii O. , Barchi Beata V.
Published: September 2020

Work has always been a domain where individuals experience distress. However, in the current pandemic and into the unforeseeable future, job loss and unemployment stress will only exponentially increase. This manuscript represents the vision in vocational psychology which aimed to find out how the perception of the reasons for job cuts of males and females shifted in the first stage of the lockdown, to check and to compare the male’s and female’s ideas about the causes of their own long-term unemployment and their ideas about possible ways out of the unemployment in the situation of a COVID lockdown in Ukraine.
Methods: The research agenda includes exploring of the unemployment crisis among participants who were divided into three age groups of both gender: younger (18-25-year-old), middle (26-35-year-old), older (36-50-year-old). To characterize unemployment in the pandemic period, the questionnaire consisting of three scales was developed. It aimed to discover the reasons for job cuts, the ideas about the causes of the participants’ unemployment, and possible ways out of the unemployment situation. Student t-test was used to determine if the means of two sets of data (male and female of different age groups) are significantly different from each other.
Results: It is revealed that the unemployment in Ukraine among all groups of workers showed the different perception of the reasons for job cuts; their ideas about possible ways out of the unemployment in the situation of a COVID lockdown in Ukraine, which showed the generation gap in the job cuts perception and the basics of the interaction between the employer and the employee.
Conclusions: The study provides deeper insights into the labour market and its personal perception by males and females of different age groups in the first stage of a COVID lockdown. Concerning results, consider the passivity of the unemployed, their inertia and unproductive employment strategies, a decline in trust to the media as employment search, and a growing tendency to despair of the ability to find a job. On the positive side is a growing understanding of education importance.
Professional Self-Realization as a Factor in the Psychological Well-Being of Specialists of Caring Professions
Authors: Glavinska Olena D. , Ovdiyenko Irina M. , Brukhovetska Oleksandra V. , Chausova Tetiana V. , Didenko Maryna S. V.
Published: September 2020

Research Objective: the article discusses the mutual influence of professional self-realization and the psychological well-being of specialists of caring professions. Methodology: correlation and comparative analysis in different professional groups of specialists. The study involved 465 volunteers with work experience of 3 to 40 years: teachers, doctors, medical personnel, psychologists of state and private enterprises. Several standardized self-reports were used to collect data: Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being, Professional Burnout Questionnaire, Kokun’s Professional Self-Fulfilment Questionnaire, Gura’s Workplace Satisfaction Self-assessment Survey, Tkalych’s Work-Life Balance additional scale. The use of the open questions allowed clarifying some phenomenological manifestations of professional self-realization among specialists of caring professions, as well as to clarifying the external and internal determinants of self-realization. The authors tested the hypotheses about the influence of several factors on the level of psychological well-being: belonging to a certain professional group, the degree of self-realization, as well as age, gender, and length of service. The results of the study present the structure of well-being and features of self-realization in different professional groups. We proved that professional self-realization is a significant factor in the formation of individual components of psychological well-being: self-acceptance and competence. However, in some cases, high scores for professional self-realization may be associated with burnout and the desire to leave the job. The conclusions contain recommendations on organizational agency and direct psychological interventions that ensure the psychological well-being of specialists of caring professions.
Case Technology in the Process of Management of Student's Scientific-Research Activity
Authors: Karatayev Galymzhan , Imankulova Lyailya , Babakhanov Farkhad , Makhmudov Gavkharbek , Zholdasbekova Saule
Published: September 2020

Objective: The need to develop methods of management of scientific – research activity using the case method is obvious in the framework of special education.
Background: The relevance of the studied problem is caused by the need to develop methods of management of students' scientific- research activity by means of cases.
Method: The leading method of the research of the given problem is the modeling allowing considering this problem as a process of purposeful and conscious mastering future expert's abilities to carry out monitoring of the quality of education.
Results: assessment criteria of results efficiency of vocational education, determination of the essence, and classifications of methods of scientific research are presented in the article. The empirical methods of the research, methods of the organization, and assessment of students' research activity are considered. The developed cases are directed for the successful management of scientific-research activity of students.
Conclusion: This research allows us to focus on the scientific-methodical provision of quality monitoring of education. Results can be used as an expansion of educational potential in the management process of students' scientific- research activity.
Likes, Comments, Views
Authors: Doney Jylisa , Wikle Olivia , Martinez Jessica
Published: September 2020

This article presents a content analysis of academic library Instagram accounts at eleven land-grant universities. Previous research has examined personal, corporate, and university use of Instagram, but fewer studies have used this methodology to examine how academic libraries share content on this platform and the engagement generated by different categories of posts. Findings indicate that showcasing posts (highlighting library or campus resources) accounted for more than 50 percent of posts shared, while a much smaller percentage of posts reflected humanizing content (emphasizing warmth or humor) or crowdsourcing content (encouraging user feedback). Crowdsourcing posts generated the most likes on average, followed closely by orienting posts (situating the library within the campus community), while a larger proportion of crowdsourcing posts, compared to other post categories, included comments. The results of this study indicate that libraries should seek to create Instagram posts that include various types of content while also ensuring that the content shared reflects their unique campus contexts. By sharing a framework for analyzing library Instagram content, this article will provide libraries with the tools they need to more effectively identify the types of content their users respond to and enjoy as well as make their social media marketing on Instagram more impactful.
Harnessing the Power of OrCam
Authors: Howard Mary
Published: September 2020

The OrCam reader is an AI enabled device that helps sight challenged readers to access print materials. This article is a first person account of a public library's experience in employing the OrCam technology.
The Brush Stroke as Catastrophe: Gasquet’s Cézanne and the Paintings of Bibémus Quarry
Authors: Byrd Anne
Published: September 2020

Dans cet article, j’examine les représentations de la carrière de Bibémus par Cézanne dans le contexte de l’essai Cézanne, dans lequel le poète symboliste Joachim Gasquet rend compte de ses conversations avec l’artiste et commente la façon dont il peignait sur le motif. Je m’intéresse en particulier aux métaphores géologiques dont Gasquet se sert pour décrire l’usage que fait Cézanne du coup de pinceau ou de la tache—des métaphores qui sont de nature plutôt hybride sur le plan idéologique et esthétique et évoquent par là avec d’autant plus de force le processus pictural cézannien. Entraînant la discussion vers l’analyse formelle de trois des peintures de Bibémus tout en veillant à ne pas tomber dans le formalisme (et son insistance sur l’autonomie esthétique), l’article tend à faire ressortir certaines des implications scientifiques, sociales et implicitement philosophiques qui caractérisent la facture particulière du peintre.
Theodore Wan and the Subject of Medical Illustration
Authors: Conley Christine
Published: September 2020

Theodore Wan, originaire de Hong Kong et établi à Vancouver, a produit une intrigante série de photographies médicales alors qu’il était étudiant de maîtrise à NSCAD en 1977. Ces oeuvres, inspirées par la trope du readymade duchampien, ont servi de média d’apprentissage à la faculté de médecine de Dalhousie et d’une forme d’autoportrait ; elles utilisent un régime visuel associé au traumatisme physique qui permet d’inscrire le traumatisme psychique. L’auteur soutient que Wan a exploité une impulsion expressionniste de la rigueur systématique du domaine de l’illustration médicale qui correspond à une période subjective sur la scène artistique des années 1970 ; qui mettaient en question l’héritage d’indifférence légué par les readymades de Duchamp et épousé par le mouvement conceptualiste. Cette époque marque un tournant important pour le mouvement féministe. Wan travaillait en relation étroite avec les leçons du conceptualisme pour explorer les questions de subjectivité sur lesquelles des artistes, dont Mary Kelly, insistaient et qu’ils légitimaient. La fascinante ambivalence du média qu’est la photographie et, en particulier celle de l’oeuvre de Wan qui est à la fois readymade et traumatique est considérée par Roland Barthes dans Camera Lucida. L’auteur se penche sur la façon dont les photographies médicales se fondent en plusieurs voix : le reniement par le conceptualisme de l’art traditionnel et des plaisirs scopiques, l’oeuvre de l’artiste dans le contexte de l’art occidental, l’insertion du sujet colonial et de l’immigrant dans la culture occidentale, ainsi que l’instabilité du genre même.
Figuration et esthétique de l’identité génétique : autour de l’Autoportrait génétique de Gary Schneider
Authors: Samson Hélène
Published: September 2020

This article considers the ways artists interpret the phenomena of genetic identity through portraiture. After a survey of genetic iconography, it concentrates on the Genetic Self-Portrait (1997) of Gary Schneider. This portrait contains fifty-five black-and-white photographs showing Schneider's own chromosomes, DNA, and several highly individualized body parts such as hand, ear, iris, and sperm. Most of these fragments have been registered with technological medical devices. Critics have underlined the sublime in the genetic aesthetic carried in Schneider's prints. They also have acknowledged the recurrence of mythic and religious beliefs in the genetic aesthetic. Moreover, considering genetic identity, critics have raised the issues of predicting one’s biological future and of tracing one’s ethnic origin. The author argues that Schneider’s Genetic Self-Portrait pushes the logic of the ID portrait paradigm by replacing the face with genetic identifiers and by maintaining the scientific quality of photography. It is also shown that the genetic portrait entails a “double-bind” relationship because it involves a contradiction between the expected resemblance of portraiture and the genetic features in which the model cannot recognize himself. But in return, in Schneider's prints, this portrait-with-out-face offers associative and narrative possibilities that solve the paradox. The rhetoric of Schneider’s self-portrait alludes to an already known conception of the human being in a cosmological view that emphasizes sexuality and hereditary transmission. The genetic portraits of Kevin Clarke, Inigo Manglano-Ovalle, and Marc Quinn are also considered for their different approaches to genetic identity.
Riegl, Hegel, Kunstwollen, and the Weltgeist
Authors: Neher Allister
Published: September 2020

Le but de cet article et d’offrir une réévaluation du concept de Kunstwollen proposé par Aloïs Riegl et d’établir sa relation avec la philosophie de Hegel. Cette réévaluation est centrée sur une discussion d’un certain nombres d’idées difficiles à résoudre au sujet du développement dialectique et de la nécessité qui sous-tendent les analyses philosophiques de Hegel sur l’art et l’histoire. On utilise cette discussion pour clarifier le rôle joué par ces idées dans son concept de Kunstwollen. En conclusion, on présente un nouveau modèle du Kunstwollen qui évite les critiques auxquelles il est généralement en butte.
The Commodification of William Morris: Emotive Links in a Mass-Produced World
Authors: Alfoldy Sandra
Published: September 2020

Cet article cherche à comprendre les inconsistences entre les idées socialistes de William Morris et ses pratiques commerciales, en explorant leurs impacts constants sur les consommateurs de produits inspirés par Morris. Quoique d’agréables motifs décoratifs, les reproductions commerciales des designs de Morris sont souvent perçues comme étant dépourvues de sens, puisqu’elles ne soutiennent aucune idéologie particulière. Tout en offrant au lecteur quelques détails de la vie et l’oeuvre de Morris, en particulier sur la fondation de Morris & Co. et sa conversion au socialisme, la croissance du conflit entre ces deux intérêts peut êtres souligné. Le développement réussi, par Morris, de produits de design d’intérieur qu’on pourrait qualifier « d’éthique » a eu pour résultat un changement d’idéaux de la part du designer face aux artisans, qui avaient été jusqu’alors responsables de la création d’un objet en entier, mais qui devenaient avec la création du nouveau rôle de designer, des exécutants dans la fabrication de produits de design. Cet article puise aux sources premières afin de donner sens au traitement réservé par Morris à ses travailleurs, dans le context de ses principes socialistes. Utilisant les nouvelles théories culturelles, particulièrement celles formulées par Raymond Williams, Antonio Gramsci et Stuart Hall, l’auteur termine son article en établissant un lien entre les philosophies originales de Morris et les usages contemporains de ses designs, et le pouvoir d’identité de consommation et d’identité politique cernant le travail de William Morris.
“Too Late For Action.” A.G. Huntsman, M.L. Fernald and the Belle Isle Strait Expedition of 1923
Authors: Mills Eric L.
Published: September 2020

A. G. Huntsman’s Belle Isle Strait Expedition of 1923, the first oceanographic expedition organized by a Canadian, was modeled on the Canadian Fisheries Expedition of 1915, in which Huntsman had been a junior partner to the Norwegian fishery biologist Johan Hjort. Examination of Huntsman’s documents shows that the 1923 expedition had more than one aim. For example, Huntsman hoped that one of the participants would be M.L. Fernald, a botanist from Harvard University. Although Fernald did not take part, his reason for interest in the expedition was to document his hypothesis that the flora of northeastern North America had spread along an emergent borderland after the last glaciation or had remained in unglaciated areas. Huntsman’s aims were less transparent, but in addition to the oceanography they appear to be early steps in developing his concept of biapocrisis, the response of organisms as a whole to their individual environments, in which his collection of land plants during the expedition could play a part.
Le droit français face aux plateformes numériques : guide de navigation en eaux troubles
Authors: Devaux Caroline
Published: September 2020

Si les plateformes numériques se sont construites en marge des règles applicables, elles commencent progressivement à être rattrapées par le droit. En raison des bouleversements d’ordre systémique qu’elles ont introduits, le présent article appelle à concevoir un cadre de gouvernance multiniveaux, seul à même de saisir ce phénomène planétaire. Il apparaît en effet primordial d’investir le monde des plateformes par leur ancrage territorial. Après avoir répertorié les défis qui attendent le juriste, l’article propose plus particulièrement d’examiner les réactions du droit français face aux plateformes numériques. Les juges apparaissent, à cet égard, des acteurs de premier plan, alors que le législateur français est resté plus en retrait, cherchant à atteindre un équilibre entre le soutien à apporter à leur essor, d’une part, et leur encadrement, d’autre part. Pour y parvenir, il expérimente, innove, tâtonne souvent, plaçant parfois le curseur trop en faveur des plateformes, ou trop loin dans leur contrôle. Si cet équilibre s’avère encore à trouver, les réformes engagées laissent néanmoins transparaître un législateur français transformé, préférant anticiper plutôt que réagir, et privilégiant une démarche collaborative (néanmoins contraignante) avec les plateformes numériques.
The perils of cheating
Authors: Camus M Florencia
Published: September 2020

Experiments on mitochondrial DNA in worms highlight that cheating does not always pay off.
Strengthening friendship and pursuing artist dreams by informal musical practices: Musical agency in a cross-cultural context
Authors: Strøm Irene Trønnes
Published: September 2020

This article builds upon an ethnographic study of how young people growing up in cross-cultural contexts perform their musical agency (Strøm, 2016). The twofold focus of the article concerns the ways in which the pop duo GunnInga perform their collective musical agency as well as how they strengthen their friendship and fulfill their artist dreams through informal musical practices. The theoretical framework of the article builds upon Stones’s (2005) strong structuration theory. The analysis is structured using Karlsen’s (2011) musical agency lens as a point of departure. In line with Liamputtong’s (2010) request to cross-cultural researchers, the analysis also applies a poem as an analytical tool. The term cross-cultural is applied to situate the pop duo in a context characterized by diversity in terms of both nationalities and options when it comes to activities, concerts, projects, workshops and so on, offered by both municipal and private cultural agents attempting to respond to this reality.
University Teacher Educators’ Professional Agency: A Literature Review
Authors: Hinostroza Yenny
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a scoping review and thematic analysis of literature on university teacher educators’ professional agency between 2007 and 2019. Its aim is to map empirical studies to date and identify gaps in research to inform a future research agenda. 28 articles that met the inclusion criteria were subjected to thematic analysis, using line-by-line open and axial coding. Four main interrelated themes were identified: (i) education policies, (ii) professional development, (iii) identity, and (iv) social justice. This thematic intersection reflects intricated factors promoting and hindering the achievement of teacher educators’ professional agency. Findings suggest that more research is needed to develop theoretical and empirical understandings of the multidimensional character of their professional agency, and the myriad of opportunities and constraints impacting on it.
Knowledge, Practice and Problems of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers Attending the Outpatient Clinic of a Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Designated Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Okari T. G. , Aitafo J. E. , Onubogu U. , West B. A.
Published: September 2020

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) provides all an infant requires for optimal growth and development in the first six months of life. Although most babies are breastfed in Nigeria, only 23% are exclusively breastfed. This study was carried out to ascertain the knowledge, practice and problems associated with EBF amongst mothers attending the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH).

Methods: A 5-month cross sectional study was carried out in the Paediatric outpatient clinic (POPC) of RSUTH. A total of 343 mothers were randomly recruited and a pre-tested structured questionnaire administered after obtaining informed consent.

Results: Ninety eight percent of the mothers had heard of EBF, 88% knew of its content and 80.2% knew that the duration of EBF was for 6 months. Only 46.4% exclusively breastfed their babies for 6 months and about 66% of participants knew of its benefits to both mother and child. Breastfeeding was commenced within 1 hour of delivery by 40.8% of mothers and pre-lacteal feeds given by 34.1% of mothers. Tertiary education, attending antenatal clinic and hospital delivery were significantly associated with good knowledge of EBF, while hospital delivery and multiparous women with at least 4 pregnancies were significantly associated with good EBF practice. Common challenges to EBF were perception that breast milk was insufficient for the babies (17.5%) and the need for mothers to return to work (9.3%).

Conclusion: Knowledge of EBF was high among mothers attending the POPC in RSUTH but the EBF rate was suboptimal. Increased health education on the importance of EBF, the provision of creches at work places and the extension of maternity leave is advocated.
Economic Globalisation and Economic Growth Dynamics in Nigeria
Authors: Chinedu Nwofia, Chibueze , Olalekan Aworinde,
Published: September 2020

Globalisation has been a topical issue both in the industrialized and developing nations of the world, this is not unconnected with the impacts it had on the attainment of macroeconomic objectives of these nations. This connotes that globalisation is crucial because it is typically affected by exogenous shocks such as political regime shifts, international conflicts or trade liberalization and unexpected changes to business condition. It is on this premise that the study examined the impact of globalisation on economic growth in Nigeria. This study adopted ex post facto research design. The data were obtained from the KOF globalisation index of Swiss economic institute and World development Indicator of World Bank for the period 1970-2017 for Nigeria representing a total of forty-eight observations. The documents were already exposed to the scrutiny of the appropriate regulatory agencies and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics employing the time series techniques of asymmetric co-integration. The study found that economic globalisation had long-run asymmetric cointegrating effect on economic growth in Nigeria (ɸ = 11.965, R2 =0.24, KOFECGI = 1.657, t- Stat = (46) = 3.784, p<0.05). The study further recommends that government policy should be designed in such way that it reduce overdependence on the highly industrialized economy, so as to avoid international shocks that might affect the economy negatively.
Petroleum
Authors: Walters Clifford
Published: September 2020

Petroleum is one of the most chemically complex materials on Earth. Its origins begin in certain depositional conditions that favors the accumulation and preservation organic matter from once living organisms. Petroleum is formed when these organic‐rich rocks are heated and the expelled fluids move into reservoirs. A petroleum system is established when key elements, and processes occur within a basin allowing for petroleum to be exploited. Petroleum is mostly composed saturated (paraffins and naphthenes) and aromatic hydrocarbons. These are the desired species most easily in refined into fuels and lubes. Petroleum also contains compounds with other elements, mostly nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. These heteroatomic species require additional processing, influencing the value of a crude. Although pressure continues to build to curtail the use of fossil fuels, petroleum demand is expected to remain close to current levels and there is more than enough oil reserves and resources to meet future demands. A large portion of the world's conventional reserves resides in the Middle East. However, the United States is currently the largest producer largely from the development of unconventional resources that are produced from shales and microporous carbonates using long lateral wells and hydraulic fracturing. The fear that “peak” oil production occurred in the late twentieth century has proven to be false.
Terpenoids from Essential Oils
Authors: Pragadheesh VS , Bisht Deepa , Chanotiya CS
Published: September 2020

Essential oils contain terpenoids and phenylpropanoids as major constituents. Terpene‐bearing aromatic plants play an important role in food, flavor, and fragrance.

Essential oils rarely reach the consumers in their natural composition. They are adjusted to meet either the desired quality or specification of a legal regulatory body such as BIS and ISO. The adulterants can be inexpensive synthetic or essential oils of another origin, which ultimately leads to a variable product with less demand.

In this article, chiral differentiation using enantioselective gas chromatographic technique is described for high‐value chiral terpenes identified in essential oils. The technique is based on the separation of enantiomers in different cyclodextrin‐coated fused silica capillary columns. The chiral distribution of citronellol enantiomers in
Rosa damascena
and
Cympbopogon winterianus
showed the presence of opposite images in each oil.
R. damascena
contained (−)‐citronellol, whereas (+)‐citronellol was recorded in citronella oil. (+)‐Linalool was a unique feature of
Lippia alba
. On the contrary,
Ocimum basilicum
possessed pure (−)‐linalool. Camphor was separated in
Ocimum
spp. and
Cinnamomum camphora
with exclusive presence of (+)‐enantiomer. Limonene, menthone, menthol, and menthyl acetate were identified as pure (−)‐enantiomers, whereas isomenthone, neomenthol, pulegone, and piperitone as pure (+)‐enantiomers in Indian menthol mint and peppermint oils, respectively. The usefulness of unique chiral signatures in setting up regulatory guidelines for the most traded essential oils is also discussed.
Relative contributions of fixed and dynamic heterogeneity to variation in lifetime reproductive success in kestrels (Falco tinnunculus)
Authors: Broekman Maarten J. E. , Jongejans Eelke , Tuljapurkar Shripad
Published: September 2020

Many species show large variation in lifetime reproductive success (LRS), with a few individuals producing the majority of offspring. This variation can be explained by factors related to individuals (fixed heterogeneity) and stochastic differences in survival and reproduction (dynamic heterogeneity). In this study, we study the relative effects of these processes on the LRS of a Dutch Kestrel population, using three different methods. First, we extended neutral simulations by simulating LRS distributions of populations consisting of groups with increasingly different population parameters. Decomposition of total LRS variance into contributions from fixed and dynamic heterogeneity revealed that the proportion of fixed heterogeneity is probably lower than 10% of the total variance. Secondly, we used sensitivities of the mean and variance in LRS to each parameter to analytically show that it is impossible to get equal contributions of fixed and dynamic heterogeneity when only one parameter differs between groups. Finally, we computed the LRS probability distribution to show that even when all individuals have identical survival and reproduction rates, the variance in LRS is large (females: 27.52, males: 12.99). Although each method has its limitations, they all lead to the conclusion that the majority of the variation in kestrel LRS is caused by dynamic heterogeneity. This large effect of dynamic heterogeneity on LRS is similar to results for other species and contributes to the evidence that in most species the majority of individual variation in LRS is due to dynamic heterogeneity.