bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peristaltic mechanism of hydromagnetic Jeffrey fluid having variable thermal conductivity and slip conditions
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan, Amin Zahid , Tehsin Sobia ,   Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan, Ahmad R. ,   Graduate School of Mathematics Education, University of Melbourne, 234 Queensberry Street, Melbourne Victoria 3010
Published: August 2022

In this study, we focus on the slip effects on the peristaltic unsteady flow of magnatohydromagnetic Jeffrey fluid in a flow passage with non-conducting and flexible boundary walls. The effect of the magnetic field with varying thermal conductivity is taken under the influence of heat transfer analysis. The dimensionless system of PDEs is solved analytically, and the obtained results are computed for the temperature, pressure drop, the axial pressure gradient, axial velocity, and then these results are discussed for different values of the physical parameters of our interest. For the stream functions, the contour plots are also obtained which indicates the exact flow behavior within the flow channel, and the effects of the physical parameters on Jeffery fluid within the flow channel are discussed briefly. Our results indicate that the heat transfer coefficient decreases with an increase in thermal slip and velocity slip parameters. Furthermore, it shows that the size of the trapped bolus is greater for the inclined magnetic field as compared to the transverse magnetic field.
On the sum of the cubes of generalized balancing numbers: The sum formula \(\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n}x^{k}W_{mk+j}^{3}\)
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Art and Science Faculty, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey, Soykan Yüksel , Tasdemir Erkan ,   Pınarhisar Vocational School, Kırklareli University, 39300, Kırklareli, Turkey, Dikmen Can Murat ,   Department of Mathematics, Art and Science Faculty, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey
Published: August 2022

In this paper, closed forms of the sum formulas \(\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n}x^{k}W_{mk+j}^{3}\) for generalized balancing numbers are presented. As special cases, we give sum formulas of balancing, modified Lucas-balancing and Lucas-balancing numbers.
Long-time solutions for some mixed boundary value problems depicting motions of a class of Maxwell fluids with pressure dependent viscosity
Authors:   Section of Mathematics, Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest 050094, Romania, Fetecau Constantin , Vieru Dumitru ,   Department of Theoretical Mechanics, Technical University of Iasi, Iasi 700050, Romania, Nazeer Waqas ,   Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan, Akhtar Shehraz ,   Department of Mathematics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Pakistan
Published: August 2022

Closed-form expressions are established for dimensionless long-tome solutions of some mixed initial-boundary value problems. They correspond to three isothermal unsteady motions of a class of incompressible Maxwell fluids with power-law dependence of viscosity on the pressure. The fluid motion, between infinite horizontal parallel flat plates, is induced by the lower plate that applies time-dependent shear stresses to the fluid. As a check of the obtained results, the similar solutions corresponding to the classical incompressible Maxwell fluids performing same motions are recovered as limiting cases of present solutions. Finally, some characteristics of fluid motion as well as the influence of pressure-viscosity coefficient on the fluid motion are graphically presented and discussed.
Strong and periodic solutions of Navier-Stokes equations, in 2D, with non-local viscosity
Authors:   Department of Exact Sciences, Federal Fluminense University 27213-145, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Ferreira Jorge , Andrade João Paulo ,   Federal Fluminense University, Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420 27213-145, Volta Redonda, Brazil, Panni Willian S. ,   University of Beira Interior, Mathematics and Applications Center Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal, Shahrouzi Mohammad ,   Department of Mathematics, Jahrom University Jahrom, Iran
Published: August 2022

In this article we study the existence of periodic and strong solutions of Navier-Stokes equations, in two dimensions, with non-local viscosity.
Crude oil and the problem of wax deposition on pipeline systems during transportation: A review
Authors: Davidson Chukwudi Onwumelu  , Michael Kelechi Onwuka  , Stanley Ebuka Nnebeana  , Tobechukwu Charles Okoro  , Anaele Frank Ekeocha  , Chidiebere Cosmas Offurum  , Victor Ndudim Ndubuisi
Published: August 2022

Crude oil, the world’s major source of energy, is obtained from the earth as a Newtonian fluid and needs to be transported to refineries for further processing. Pipeline transport has proven to be the most efficient, environmental-friendly and cost effective of all modes of crude oil transportation from subsea production sites. However the formation and deposition of waxes (mainly paraffinic and asphaltenic components) along pipelines remains one of the greatest flow assurance problem in the petroleum industry. This is aided by attainment of wax appearance temperature (WAT), the crude’s hydrocarbon contents and rheological properties, and the production conditions amongst others. The deposited waxes clog the pipeline, reduces the flow diameter, converts the behavior of the fluid from Newtonian to non-Newtonian, decreases throughput, causes more work on pumps and other process equipment, increases energy consumption, and ultimately raises the cost of production thereby decreasing profits. It also leads to several downtimes and in extreme cases can cause permanent shut down of facilities. Several studies have been done to understand the nature of crude oil waxes and the various techniques for solving this problem. This paper takes a critical look at crude oil and reviews the current state of research into the causative factors, deposition mechanisms and remediation methods including the thermal, mechanical, biological and chemical techniques. At the end there is a conclusion and further research on the use of biological techniques (microorganisms) has been advised herein.
ADVERTISING ETHICS IN TELEVISION ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC VIEW
Authors: Faza Ahmad Dzawil
Published: August 2022

In business activities, advertising is a force that companies can use to attract as many consumers as possible. Advertising is an integral part of today's modern business activities because advertising plays a very important role in conveying information or messages about a product to the public. Almost every day people are flooded with advertisements presented by television. As a result, it is as if life in society in meeting daily needs is conditioned by advertising. However, there are not a few advertisements that have content and visualizations that are considered as duping and defrauding consumers, which is very far from the ethical values and morality of Islamic business. Moral and ethical problems in advertising arise when advertisements lose their normative values and only become propaganda for profit. Likewise, several companies that carry out advertising activities on television media that researchers observed contained content that was not in line with Islamic business ethics such as fraud, false promises to display women's genitals, giving the impression of being excessive, and so on. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques using observation and analysis of information from television, online media, and scientific journals. The data source used is secondary data. The results of this study inform that advertisements carried out by several companies on television such as beauty products, energy drinks, e-commerce, and snacks that are not in accordance with Islamic ethical behavior so that in the future there is a need for notification and warning from KPI or other advertising supervisory agencies.
Perceptual, Affective and Cognitive Factors of L2 Pronunciation and Foreign Accent
A Survey with Italian University Students Majoring in Languages
Authors: Arroyo Hernández Ignacio , Paschke Peter
Published: August 2022

This contribution investigates the opinions of 372 first-year students from Ca’ Foscari University of Venice about pronunciation and foreign accent in the languages chosen as main subjects. Although a native-like accent is highly valued, students do not simply equate good and accent-free pronunciation. They are confident in assessing the pronunciation of other L2 speakers but show considerable uncertainty about self-assessment and pronunciation deficits. L2 pronunciation is mostly associated with pleasure for them. The main predictor of responses is proficiency level, followed by target languages, linguistic biography and motivation for enrolling in the course.
Desorption Electrospray Ionization Imaging for Neurotransmitters Evaluation: A Potential Approach to Parkinson’s Disease Monitoring
Authors: Maciel Lanaia , Martins Rafael , Gondim Daniel , Oliveira João , Pereira Julia , Pereira Gustavo , Ferreira Leonardo , Chaves Andréa , Vaz Boniek
Published: August 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is globally known as the most common movement disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The disease includes the symptoms of involuntary limb tremors, stiffness, or inflexibility of limbs and joints, among others. Due to this, scientific reports on analytical methodologies to evaluate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases are extremely necessary. Traditional methods include histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ligand-based approaches, however, these approaches still suffer from selectivity limitations of association, leading to a wrong evaluation. In this context, mass spectrometry imaging methods, such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), are potential approaches to visualize the distribution of biomarkers that can lead to the information on the progress of PD. This review aims to bring a discussion of some DESI methodologies reported in the literature for the assessment of neurotransmitters associated with PD.
PENGEMBANGAN ENSIKLOPEDIA DIGITAL TERINTREGRASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER UNTUK SISWA KELAS V SD
Authors: Sumarti Sri , Anjarini Titi , Khaq Muflikhul
Published: August 2022

Era globalisasi saat ini banyak sekali dampak bagi dunia pendidikan di Indonesia, tidak hanya dampak positif ada pula dampak negatifnya. Salah satu dampak negatif dari globalisasi adalah budaya dari luar yang dapat dengan mudahnya masuk, sedangkan permasalahan negatif  yang sering muncul bagi peserta didik adalah terkikis nilai-nilai moral karena pengaruh budaya asing yang kurang sesuai dengan  kebudayaan Bangsa Indonesia, tujuan dari pengembangan ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan ensiklopedia digital terintregrasi nilai pendidikan karakter pada materi seni tari kreasi daerah yang menggunakan R&D dengan metode ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahapan yaitu analisis (analysis), desain atau perencanaan (design), pengembangan (development), implementasi (implementation), dan evaluasi (evaluation ). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini didapati hasil sebagai berikut, dilihat dari tiga validator yaitu ahli materi mendapatkan nilai hasil presentase 95,00%  dengan kategori sangat baik, oleh ahli media 95,45% dengan kriteria kelayakan sangat baik, dan oleh ahli praktisi mendapatkan nilai akhir dengan presntase 97,60% dengan kategori sangat baik. Sehingga dapat dikatakan “sangat baik”. Kepraktisan media yang dapat dilihat dari uji coba terbatas dengan skor  89,00% yang menunjukan kategori sangat baik, uji coba luas dengan  skor 95% dengan kategori sangat baik sehingga dinyatakan “sangat baik”, sehingga masuk ke dalam kategori praktis.
Modelling and assessment of landfill gas generation at Erzurum municipal landfill site by LandGEM
Authors: ARSLAN Zeynep , EREN Zeynep
Published: August 2022

Landfill areas have always been a common application for municipal solid waste management. However, land use problems, environmental pollution and increasing recycling implements have limited the amount of solid waste which is stored in the landfill areas. Despite all disadvantages, it is still considered a preferred disposal method fort he solid waste, especially when methane gas released from the areas is used to obtain electrical energy. In this context, the aim of this study is to estimate the landfill gas amounts originating from the Erzurum Solid Waste Landfill area using the LandGEM 3.02 version developed by EPA and to compare it with the methane gas concentrations measured on-site for the last three years. Total landfill gas, methane, carbon dioxide, and NMOC amounts were estimated with the model by choosing the basic parameters of the LandGEM (k and Lo values) according to the Clean Air Act and AP-42 inventory suggested by the EPA. The amount of the same gases was also predicted by manually calculated the k and Lo values (User Specified) with the specific data of the field. Finally, the amount of landfill gases obtained by using all three inventories (the Clean Air Act, AP-42 and User Specified) was compared with the methane concentrations measured in the field in order to confirm the model results. First result is that the methane gas concentrations predicted by the model were nearly close to the real methane measurements on site. Secondly, the operating period determined as 20 years for Erzurum landfill area when it was put into operation in 2008, while it was estimated as 23 years according to the LandGEM model results. Erzurum Solid Waste Landfill area has already been designed for power generation and the energy is produced at present. Therefore, the model can easily be used and verified for future improvement of the landfill area and the prediction of the amount of the energy obtained from the wastes.
Place-Based Policies and Inequality Within Regions
Authors: Lang Valentin , Redeker Nils , Bischof Daniel
Published: August 2022

What are the distributional effects of placed-based policies? Drawing on household data from 2.4 million survey respondents in the European Union (EU), we show that income inequality within European regions is substantial, has widened since the 1990s and contributes more to overall inequality than cross-regional inequality. Using regression discontinuity and difference-in-differences designs, we find that the world's largest place-based policy, the EU's Cohesion Policy, increases incomes for affluent households but barely affects low-income households in supported regions. Evidence on mechanisms demonstrates that place-based funds exacerbate intra-regional inequality by primarily boosting labor incomes for the highly skilled.
Identification of Ocular Biomarkers for the Development of an Early Stage Diagnostic Tool for Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Basireddy Tarini , Bhalla Arnav , Goyal Rushank , Han Emery , Mattapalli Sai , Neema Tanmay , Zhou Brian , Kalahasty Rohan
Published: August 2022

Current methods of diagnosis for neurodegenerative diseases are almost purely qualitative and highly apparent only when extensive neuronal dystrophy and degeneration have occurred. Therefore, creating a clinically viable tool that leverages early biomarkers of neurodegenerative disease is necessary. Past research indicates that ocular biomarkers are a potential source of quantitative assessment for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease. In this paper, we identify specific ocular biomarkers that could be used as a basis for the early detection of neurodegenerative disease, potentially using machine learning techniques. Furthermore, we outline data collection procedures that can be implemented for patients completing Pro-Saccade, Anti-Saccade, Express-Saccadic, and Smooth Pursuit tasks. We expect that the findings in this paper can be utilized to guide the future creation of tools and datasets for developing a gaze-based diagnostic tool.
Katalis Plat Kuningan Berbentuk Sarang Lebah untuk Mengurangi Emisi Kendaraan Bermotor
Authors: aldiwinata
Published: August 2022

Meningkatnya jumlah kendaraan bermotor berdampak langsung terhadap pencemaran udara akibat gas buang. Pencemaran udara di perkotaan didominasi oleh emisi kendaraan bermotor, disertai dengan masalah pencemaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi emisi kendaraan bermotor dengan menggunakan desain catalytic converter yang terbuat dari katalis plat kuningan berbentuk sarang lebah. Kuningan berbentuk sarang lebah cocok untuk katalis dalam catalytic converter. Selain mudah diperoleh dan harganya murah, katalis dapat mereduksi dan mengoksidasi gas buang dengan baik sehingga cocok sebagai bahan katalis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Dimulai dari perancangan rumah catalytic converter dan penentuan jenis katalis hingga proses pembuatan catalytic converter dengan plat kuningan berbentuk honeycomb. Kemudian, diperlukan pengujian untuk mengetahui emisi gas buang yang dihasilkan. Langkah terakhir adalah membandingkannya tanpa menggunakan catalytic converter atau kondisi standar. Dari hasil uji emisi diketahui bahwa penggunaan catalytic converter berbahan dasar katalis plat kuningan berbentuk sarang lebah dapat menurunkan emisi HC dan CO, sedangkan emisi CO2 mengalami peningkatan. Penurunan emisi gas HC sebesar 19,1% untuk catalytic converter tunggal dan 33,7% untuk catalytic converter ganda lebih baik dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan catalytic converter atau kondisi standar. Penurunan emisi gas CO sebesar 23,8% untuk catalytic converter tunggal dan 43,1% untuk catalytic converter ganda dibandingkan dengan tanpa menggunakan catalytic converter. Sementara itu, emisi gas CO2 meningkat sebesar 60,7% untuk catalytic converter tunggal, dan 81. 6% untuk beberapa catalytic converter dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan catalytic converter. Hal ini akibat penambahan oksigen agar proses oksidasi berjalan lancar.
Differential expression of LSR in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of women with breast cancer. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding lipolysis stimulated lipoprotein receptor, LSR, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast: in women aged 70 and higher, and in women aged 45 and younger. LSR mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of LSR in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with HER2+ subtype breast cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by PAM50 molecular subtype. LSR may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
The ART (Regulation) Act of 2021 is a game-changer and a paradigm shift for India's fertility industry and couples.
Authors: Gopal KM , Gopal K S Uplabdh
Published: August 2022

The global ART market size is expected to grow in the next five years from $26 billion in 2021 to $62 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 18.7%, with India contributing a significant part. A recent study valued the Indian in-vitro fertilization (IVF) market to grow from USD 478 million in 2018 to USD 1,453 million by 2026. The growth of ART clinics in India is among the highest globally. These are a vital part of medical tourism. While ART services have been available for more than four decades worldwide, these technologies are still largely unavailable, inaccessible, and unaffordable in many parts, particularly in India. Social stigma apart, infertility leads to tremendous financial and emotional stress for couples. It is essential to give attention to infertility and psychological distress for infertility treatments.Regulation of ART started in 2005 when the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) issued the national guidelines for accreditation, supervision, and regulation of ART clinics in India. Since the introduction of the ART bill in 2008, 13 years ago, the passing of Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021 by Govt. of India in Parliament is a watershed moment and will bring a paradigm shift for healthcare providers and couples both. The new law aims to regulate and supervise the ART clinics and banks, prevent misuse and promote safe, ethical practices of ART procedures to address reproductive health issues.
FIQIH MODERAT: Pemikiran Hukum Islam KH. Ahmad Sanusi (1889-1950)
Authors: Suryana Yayan
Published: August 2022

Fikih merupakan produk pemikiran para ulama, sebagai ungkapan hasil proses panjang penelaahan dan pendalaman atas berbagai persoalan melalui dialog antara wahyu dan jejak Rasulullah saw. dengan permasalahan yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat Islam. Aktifitas fikih telah berlangsung sangat lama dan sangat dinamis, melewati berbagai generasi, wilayah, dan tokoh-tokoh agama. Maka fikih dikatakan sebagai kekuatan dinamis dan kritis dalam ranah keagamaan Islam. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari munculnya mazhab fikih yang memiliki corak sendiri-sendiri, sesuai dengan latar belakang sosio-kultural dan politik dimana mazhab fikih itu tumbuh dan berkembang. Berbagai mazhab fikih yang ada sebagai kekuatan kreatif ulama masa lalu, telah menimbulkan pro dan kontra di kalangan ulama yang muncul belakangan. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh sikap sekelompok ulama yang terlalu mengidolakan fikih mazhab tertentu dan sekelompok menafikan fikih mazhab yang lain. Sikap ini kadang ditempuh dengan alasan yang tidak mendapatkan penjelasan yang memadai dan terjadi pada kelompok mayoritas umum. Kadang secara individual sering terjadi pengecualian, atau tidak sama persis dengan kelompok mayoritas. Buku ini bermaksud memberikan gambaran tentang dinamika pemikiran yang terjadi di dalam perkembangan intelektual fikih Islam yang ada di Indonesia. Suatu bangsa yang mayoritas umat Islamnya menerima mazhab fikih sebagai mainstream dalam menjalankan sendi-sendi keagamaannya. Walau demikian, secara individual kerap juga ditemukan pengecualian, atau adanya perbedaan-perbedaan kecil yang menjadi khas dan sesuai dengan kontekstualitas wilayah dan lokalitas daerah yang ada. Hal semacam ini ditunjukkan oleh seorang tokoh Islam asal Jawa Barat, KH Ahmad Sanusi (1989-1950) yang menjadi obyek penelaahan dalam buku ini.
A Cross Cultural Qualitative Examination of Music in Ritualistic Practice
Authors: Sharma Suraj , Liu Leigh Anne
Published: August 2022

Musical practice provides a unique and compelling context to study cross-cultural psychology. We use a qualitative methodology to examine how the phenomenologies and philosophies of musical practice in an Eastern, unsettled culture (Tibetan Buddhists), and a Western, settled culture (American Rock and Roll musicians), are similar and different. We then offer implications to cross-cultural research. Interviews between the two musicians yielded six themes; i) Their intentions for playing, ii) what they hope to achieve in the ears of their listeners, iii) their perceived relationship to the audience, iv) their subjective mindset when playing their instrument in a ritualistic setting, v) how they trained their body and mind for the instrument, and vi) how they interact with the other musicians when playing. These themes were aggregated into two higher level dimensions, 1) a cognitive dimension and 2) a behavioral dimension. Similarities and differences across these dimensions are explored and connected to existing literature.
Differential expression of LIG1 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of women with breast cancer. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding DNA ligase 1, LIG1, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast: in women aged 70 and higher, and in women aged 45 and younger. LIG1 was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer. LIG1 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of LIG1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A subtype breast cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by PAM50 molecular subtype. LIG1 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Replication success under questionable research practices – a simulation study
Authors: Freuli Francesca , Held Leonhard , Heyard Rachel
Published: August 2022

Increasing evidence suggests that the reproducibility and replicability of scientific findings is threatened by researchers employing questionable research practices (QRPs) in order to achieve statistically significant results. Numerous metrics have been developed to determine replication success but it has not yet been investigated how well those metrics perform in the presence of QRPs. This paper aims to compare the performance of different metrics quantifying replication success in the presence of four types of QRPs: cherry picking of outcomes, questionable interim analyses, questionable inclusion of covariates, and questionable subgroup analyses. Our results show that the metric based on the version of the sceptical p-value that is recalibrated in terms of effect size performs better in maintaining low values of overall type-I error rate, but often requires larger replication sample sizes compared to metrics based on significance, the controlled version of the sceptical p-value, meta-analysis or Bayes factors, especially when severe QRPsare employed.
MinPlot: A mineral formula recalculation and plotting program for electron probe microanalysis
Authors: Walters Jesse
Published: August 2022

MinPlot is a MATLAB®-based mineral formula recalculation and compositional plotting program for electron microprobe analyses (EPMA). The program offers recalculation and structural formula assignment for 15 different mineral groups: Garnet, pyroxene, olivine, amphibole, feldspar, mica, staurolite, cordierite, chlorite, chloritoid, talc, epidote, titanite, spinel, and sulfides. MinPlot is a fast and easy to use command line program and requires no prior computer programming knowledge. Percent mass fractions of oxides are loaded from datafiles and the user answers simple prompts to select mineral type, normalization scheme, and plotting options. Recalculated mineral formulas are automatically saved as output files and plots may be further manually customized by the user prior to saving. MinPlot can perform thousands of calculations in seconds and the modular nature of the program makes it simple to add new calculation routines in future releases. Finally, MinPlot utilizes simple matrix algebra and linear programing steps, and is thus anticipated to be forwards compatible with future releases of MATLAB®. Combined, these features make MinPlot a powerful and useful program for the processing of EPMA data.
Adolescents’ curiosity facilitates recall of tobacco-related health information
Authors: Lyew Thandi , Ikhlas Anooshey , Sayed Farah , Vincent Asia , Lydon-Staley David M.
Published: August 2022

Curiosity about cigarette smoking is a risk-factor for smoking initiation. Here we test the extent to which curiosity may be leveraged in health communications designed to prevent smoking initiation during adolescence by testing whether adolescent never-smokers exhibit curiosity about tobacco-related health information and whether this curiosity can facilitate recall of this information. Participants (n=294 never-smoking adolescents, ages 14-16 years; n=499 never-smoking adults, ages 25-27 years) performed a trivia guessing task wherein they guessed the answers to general trivia and smoking-related trivia questions. A subset of participants (n=153 adolescents; n=151 adults) completed a surprise trivia memory task one week later and answered the previously viewed questions. Results indicate that adolescents are no less curious about tobacco-related trivia than they are about general trivia and that curiosity about the answers to tobacco-related-trivia is associated with more accurate recall of tobacco-related trivia answers one week later. Findings suggest that engendering states of curiosity for tobacco-related information may facilitate retention of that information in never-smoking adolescents.
Deviations from normative brain white and gray matter structure are associated with psychopathology in youth
Authors: Kjelkenes Rikka , Wolfers Thomas , Alnæs Dag , Norbom Linn B. , Voldsbekk Irene , Holm Madelene , Dahl Andreas , Berthet Pierre , Tamnes Christian K. , Marquand Andre F. , Westlye Lars T.
Published: August 2022

Combining imaging modalities and metrics that are sensitive to various aspects of brain structure and maturation may help identify individuals that show deviations in relation to same-aged peers, and thus benefit early-risk-assessment for mental disorders. We used one timepoint multimodal brain imaging, cognitive, and questionnaire data from 1280 8-21-year-olds from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We estimated age-related gray and white matter properties and estimated individual deviation scores using normative modeling. Next, we looked for associations between the estimated deviation scores, and with psychopathology domain scores and cognition. More negative deviations in DTI-based fractional anisotropy (FA) and the first principal eigenvalue of the diffusion tensor (L1) were associated with higher scores on psychosis positive and prodromal symptoms and a general psychopathology factor. A more negative deviation in cortical thickness (CT) was associated with a higher general psychopathology score. Negative deviations in global FA, surface area, L1 and CT were also associated with poorer cognitive performance. No robust associations were found between the deviation scores based on CT and DTI. The low correlations between the different multimodal MRI based deviation scores support that brain maturation is highly heterogenous and suggest that psychopathological burden in adolescence may map onto partly distinct neurobiological features.
Replicability of brain-phenotype associations
Authors: Liu Shu , Abdellaoui Abdel , Verweij Karin , van Wingen Guido
Published: August 2022

Numerous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural basis of inter-individual differences, but the replicability of brain-phenotype associations remains largely unknown. We used the UK Biobank neuroimaging dataset (N=37,462) to examine associations with six variables related to physical and mental health: age, BMI, intelligence, memory, neuroticism, and alcohol consumption, and assessed the improvement of replicability for brain-phenotype associations with increasing sampling sizes. Correlational analyses showed that age may require only 300 individuals to provide highly replicable associations, but other phenotypes required 2700 (memory) to 4800 (neuroticism) individuals. The required sample size showed a negative power law relation with the estimated effect size. When only comparing the upper and lower quarters, the minimally required sample sizes decreased with 15-75%. Our findings demonstrate that large-scale neuroimaging data are required for replicable brain-phenotype associations, that this can be mitigated by preselection of individuals, and that small-scale studies may have reported false positive findings.
Abstract forms and symbolism of the ornament in the Paleolithic art of Malta (The State Hermitage collections)
Authors:   The State Hermitage Museum, Demeshchenko Svetlana
Published: August 2022

The article continues the studies of the series of cult pendants and crafts from the Upper Paleolithic site of Malta, dated 23–19 kya. The article uses materials from the Malta collections of the State Hermitage Museum. The author considers rod-shaped crafts, buckles and pendants in the form of “eight” as a particular abstract form of Paleolithic art. Analyzing the art objects of Malta, the author classifies figurines and handicrafts as belonging to a stylized manner of depiction. Image stylization being one of the techniques of artistic abstraction is not an initial generalization and convention resulted from the peculiarities of our perception, but rather from a symbolic system of the mythological genre, revised and recorded by means of symbolic codes. A special role in symbolic symbols is given to ornamental elements those create separate structures of symbols and decorative compositions. Any selected ornamental elements (modules) in various combinations can carry different semantic loadings. In this respect it is important to analyze the use of ornamental patterns and their correlation with specific kinds of craft items and decorations. The author notes that the preservation of the material and traces of biogenic effects on objects during their staying in soil horizons (manganese dendrites, traces of plant roots an microorganisms) give a strong distortion of decorative elements.
Decorated broad knives in the Mesolithic of the Volga-Oka interfluve
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhilin Mikhail
Published: August 2022

Broad knives made of elk scapula were widespread in the Mesolithic of the forest zone from the Eastern Baltic to the Trans-Urals. Operation sequence of their manufacture was rather standard. The ridge of elk scapula was knocked off, and its surface was planed by carving, scraping or whittling, sometimes smoothed with an abrasive slab. One edge of a scapula was cut off and sharpened by longitudinal whittling with a flint knife. The joint was flattened or broken off. The distal end of some knives has a pair of perforations pierced through or rarely drilled. Use-wear analysis conducted by the author showed that broad knives made of elk scapula were used mainly for hide processing, and some were used for removing bark from tree trunks. Most of them are not decorated. Rare knives with ornamentation or abstract geometric engravings from sites Stanovoye 4 in the Volga-Oka interfluve and Veretye 1 in the Eastern Onega region according to traceological data were used in the same manner as undecorated ones. Engraving of ornamentation, and especially complicated geometric designs demanded substantial amount of time and labor. Such images are single and not repeated even among materials of one site and one culture. This indicates individualization of the world perception and its representation among separate members of Mesolithic communities. Evidently not only working characteristics of a tool were important for them, but also its appearance. Probably complicated abstract images engraved on broad knives had definite, possibly sacred meaning. But at the moment we cannot offer its reliable explanation.
Sungir: the essence of the site
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergin Victor
Published: August 2022

Sungir, according to O.N. Bader, is a single-level site that has emerged as a result of many years of seasonal use of the same place. Excavations at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century led to the understanding of the Sungir as a two-layer or multi-layer settlement. Its formation is associated with sporadic usage of the area by the carriers of the same culture for thousands of years. The main reason for change in the researchers’ view on the site was determined by the participation in the work of specialists of an adjacent profile and the results of a series of radiocarbon dating. From a formal point of view, it seems convincing to distinguish two layers according to the occurrence of finds in dark gray and gray humus loam. Nevertheless, the analysis of the data makes it possible to return to the original idea of the monolayer of the site. Cultural remains and main structural objects at excavations II and III are concentrated in the form of two equivalent concentrations. They are separated by a significant space with a sparse occurrence of remains. This suggests that these concentrations were, apparently, the central parts of individual settlements left by the same group of people.
Ust-Polui: bone objects with ornament and signs (technology and function)
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleksashenko Natalia
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the studies of the function of bone artefacts with ornamentation and signs from the Ust-Polui sacral production center. Functional groups of items with and without décor were identified and compared to each other according to the use-wear pattern. The main elements and compositions of the decorations that are typical for the certain categories were studied. The location and ways of ornamentation and signs were analyzed. It was shown that buckles, combs and armored plates make up the largest percentage of ornamentally decorated items, while signs are often applied to scrapers-blades. Fish knives, hooks, chisel-shaped tools, wedges, needles, harpoons and arrowheads except two of them have no decoration elements. The oblique cuts and small notches on the edges of several items made of the reindeer harness apparently were technologically meaningful. The bone products of the Ust-Polui are characterized by geometric ornaments with a small set of elements and their combinations. A pattern consisting of one or more wavy lines, made using the technique of fine-contour or oval-notched carving, was a common decorative element for functionally various items. It was complemented by compositions of straight or broken lines. There is no correlation between degree of wear and the presence or absence of decor in tools of the same category. Armor plates, buckles, combs, scrapers-spatulas had most strong wear traces among the specimens with ornamentation. Geometric signs were found on a bow plate, 2 belt hooks, 3 spoons and 14 scrapers-spatulas. They have a different carving quality and shape. There were often 2 signs carved on the items; some signs were applied to the surface of the scrapers after their long-term use.
Foramen Magnum: A Morphometric Study in Dried Human Skulls
Authors: Gupta Anil Kumar , Shah Gaurav Jung , Chaudhary Archana , Prasad Ram Jiban
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The foramen magnum is the largest foramen or opening present in the base of the skull. The dimensions of the foramen magnum are clinically crucial because many vital structures are passing through it.
Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the different shapes of the foramen magnum and its anteroposterior diameter and transverse diameter.
Methods: This study was conducted on 32 dry human skulls of unknown age and sex. All the important parameters were studied using a vernier caliper.
Results: The mean transverse diameter (TD) was found to be 27.75 ± 2.47mm (Mean ± SD) and the mean anteroposterior diameter (APD) was found to be 34.62 ± 3.58mm (Mean ± SD). The various shapes of the foramen magnum were observed. The most common shape was oval 46.9%, followed by round18.8%, tetragonal 15.6%, hexagonal 12.5%, and irregular 6.3%.
Conclusions: In our study, the most common shape of the foramen magnum was oval; this can help the surgeons to perform post-cranial surgery and surgery near the foramen magnum as an oval shape indicates the narrow operative field. The study may also be helpful for anatomists for study purposes and forensic experts to determine the identity of different populations when compared to other studies.
Gross and Micro Anatomical Study of Placenta from Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancies
Authors: Mishal Jyoti , Jha Chandra Bhushan , Shrestha Shailaja Chhetri , Agrawal Yamuna , Chaudhary Archana , Maharjan Nikky
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The examination of the placenta gives a clear idea of what happened with fetus when it was in the mother’s womb. The changes in placenta of women with pregnancy induced hypertension and normal pregnancies can be compared.
Objective: This study was done to find out differences in gross structure and histology between normal and hypertensive placentas.
Methods: Placenta from case and control group was collected from the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan. The histology slides were prepared, examined and parameters was collected.
Results: The mean weight of placenta in control group was 469.5±148.9gm and in case group was 375.50 ± 109.08gm which was statistically significant. The histological observation of syncytial knot, hyalinized villi, stromal fibrosis, necrosis, hemorrhage and calcification in placenta was significantly higher in case group than that of in normotensive group.
Conclusions: It is concluded that, in hypertension complicating pregnancy, with increase of severity, there is decrease in morphology and increase in abnormal histological changes of placenta. So, the reduction in placental morphological parameters and histological changes might be the reason for retarded growth of baby with increased complication of hypertension.
External Dacryocystorhinostomy Surgery at Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Kafle Prerna Arjyal , Hamal Diwa , Thakur Krishna Kumar , Chaudhary Sharmila
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction at the junction of the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct causes acute or chronic dacryocystitis. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the treatment of choice and has a high success rate.
Objective: To analyze the success rate of external DCR surgery and its influencing factors at our hospital.
Methods: It is a hospital-based descriptive study of cases that underwent external DCR surgery from June 2016 to February 2017 at Biratnagar eye hospital. The demographic data were recorded and the successful outcome of the surgery along with its influencing factors -tube status, operating surgeons, and gender was analyzed. The main outcome measure was defined as a patent lacrimal passage on syringing at 6 months postoperatively. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis.
Results: In total 317 patients, the mean age of the patients was 38.46 (SD ± 13.6) years. The male to female ratio was 1:2.5. The commonest presenting symptom was watering with discharge in 224 (70.6%) patients. Of the total, 195(61.5%) had undergone the DCR surgery with intubation and 122 (38.5%) without intubation. Only 114 (35.9%) patients were followed up for 6 months. The success rate was 86.8%. Postoperative wound infection, bleeding or cheese wiring of the punctum was not seen. No statistically significant factors were seen to influence the success rate of DCR surgery.
Conclusions: External DCR surgery has a high success rate and no significant influencing factors were found to define its success in this study.
Efficacy of Three Desensitizing Agents to Reduce Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bantawa Shikha , Vikram Mannu , Agrawal Navin , Singh Vimmi , Ayer Ashok , Rai Arbind , Shrestha Sita , Agarwal Santosh Kumari
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a commonly encountered dental complaint, management of which is often challenging to dentists. It occurs when dentinal tubules are patent both at the pulpal and the oral surface. It is widely accepted that DH affects function and quality of life. Thus, it is necessary for dentists to manage it properly.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of VivaSens and Propolis in comparison to Gluma in reducing cervical dentin hypersensitivity.
Methods: A randomized clinical trial, double-blinded, parallel-group study was conducted among forty-five patients. They were randomly allocated into three different groups (n=15): Gluma (positive control), VivaSens, and Propolis. Tactile and evaporative methods were used to assess pain using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) in patients with cervical abrasion, with a complaint of dentin hypersensitivity. Pain score was recorded preoperatively, immediately after application, at one week and one month postoperatively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11.5 and Microsoft Excel version 2010. Mean NPRS scores were calculated.
Results: All three desensitizing agents significantly reduced DH scores from baseline to all subsequent follow-ups (p<0.001). Kruskal–Wallis test elicited no significant differences in the mean difference in DH scores among positive control and test groups for both stimuli at all-time intervals (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Gluma, VivaSens, and Propolis desensitizing agents were effective in relieving cervical DH. No statistically significant difference was found in relieving DH among the agents in all subsequent follow-ups.
Thoughts of Jayaprakash Narayan and Lohia in the National Movement
Authors: Rani Sangeeta
Published: August 2022

It has become clear that the socialists were the first nationalists. His socialism was not an imaginary idea but was in search of a solution to the national problems. That is why sometimes he was also accused of being a national socialist. This allegation was true, but the socialism of any country is not anti-national. Socialism was discovered only in connection with the solution of the problems of their respective countries. The claim of socialism to be international than to be national is truer. So far as the problems of all countries are the same, socialism is international. But due to the separation of countries and problems, it is also national. Sometimes it seems that it is national oriented. Its aim is an international solution to national problems. Some problems are international. Modern science and technology have created similar problems in all countries. From this point of view, it is international, even though it is national, are the revolutions of Russia and China international? Aren't their national problems at their core? If socialism were only international, it would have universal spread. There was uniformity everywhere. A country like Japan has not even touched socialism. But socialism remained the main cause in China. Because China saw the solution to its problem in socialism, Japan's growing industrialization found socialism useless.
Double parton scattering via photon-proton interactions: a new light on the transverse proton structure
Authors: Rinaldi Matteo
Published: August 2022

In this contribution we present the main results of the investigation about double parton scattering (DPS) in quasi-real photon proton interactions. We show the first evaluation of the DPS cross-section at leading-order for the four-jet photo-production observed at HERA. To this aim the $\gamma-p$ effective cross section has been computed for the first time. One of the main outcomes of this analysis is that the DPS contribution is not negligible and potentially measurable. Furthermore, possible future data could be used to get new information on the transverse proton structure not accessible in other processes.
Light front wave functions from AdS/QCD models
Authors: Vega Alfredo , Martin Contreras A.
Published: August 2022

In this talk, we present an extension to the matching procedure proposed by Brodsky and de Teramond to obtain the two-body wave functions in the light-front formalism for holographic models. We consider different static dilaton fields and AdS-like geometric deformations.