bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small mammals of Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (Cerrado of Central Brazil): ecologic, karyologic, and taxonomic considerations
Authors: Bonvicino C. R. , Lemos B. , Weksler M.
Published: January 2006

This work is based on a survey of small mammals carried out in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, a natural reserve located in the mountains of the Planalto Central Goiano in the Cerrado of Central Brazil. The 227 specimens collected represented six marsupial and 13 rodent species. Taxonomic, karyologic, and ecologic considerations are present and discussed in the present work. Our data reflected the faunal heterogeneity with respect to both elevation and vegetation because only eight of the 19 species were collected at both high and low elevations. The composition of the small mammal fauna of the park is influenced by predominance of forest formations at low elevations and cerrado with rupestrian areas at high elevations. Presence of endemic species and one undescribed demonstrated that the cerrado has an endemic fauna and a little known diversity of small mammals.
Ant and termite mound coinhabitants in the wetlands of Santo Antonio da Patrulha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Diehl E. , Junqueira L. K. , Berti-Filho E.
Published: January 2006

This paper reports on ant and termite species inhabiting the mounds (murundus) found in three wetland sites in Santo Antonio da Patrulha. Ants and termites were found in 100% of the mounds of two sites and in 20% of those in the third site. Colonies of Camponotus fastigatus were found inhabiting all the mounds, while colonies of Brachymyrmex sp., Linepithema sp., Pheidole sp., and/or Solenopsis sp. were collected in less than 30% of the mounds. In the mounds of the three sites, colonies of Anoplotermes sp. and/or Aparatermes sp. termites were found together with the ant colonies. Another cohabiting termite species, Cortaritermes sp., was found only in the mounds of one site. The results suggest that C. fastigatus is the species building the mounds, with the other species, whether ants or termites, being the inquilines.
Spatial synchrony of a highly endemic fish Assemblage (Segredo Reservoir, Iguaçu River, Paraná State, Brazil)
Authors: Domingues W. M. , Bini L. M. , Agostinho A. A.
Published: January 2006

In this study, patterns of spatial synchrony in population fluctuations (cross-correlation) of an endemic fish assemblage of a Neotropical reservoir (Segredo Reservoir, Iguaçu River, Paraná State, Brazil) were reported. First, the level of population synchrony for 20 species was estimated. Second, population synchrony was correlated, using the Mantel test, with geographical distances among sites (n = 11) and also environmental synchrony (temperature). Nine species presented significant correlations between spatial synchrony and geographic distances (Astyanax sp. b, Astyanax sp. c, Pimelodus sp., Hoplias malabaricus, Crenicichla iguassuensis, Hypostomus derbyi, Hypostomus myersi, Rhamdia branneri, and R. voulezi). Considering the ecology of the species and the significant relationship between population and environmental synchronies, it seems that environmental stochasticity is the most plausible hypothesis in explaining the observed synchrony patterns.
The annual reproductive cycle of the snail Megalobulimus abbreviatus (Bequaert, 1948) (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)
Authors: Horn A. C. M. , Achaval A. , Zancan D. M.
Published: January 2006

Morphological changes in the sexual organs of the pulmonates were observed throughout a year and correlated with reproductive-cycle periods. Reproductive-organ weights of the snail Megalobulimus abbreviatus were recorded seasonally and gonad sections were analyzed morphologically. The weights were used to obtain the organosomatic index. Mean oocytic diameter and oocytic maturation index were based on gonad sections. It was concluded that M. abbreviatus is an iteroparous snail whose annual reproductive cycle is characterized by mating and egg laying throughout spring and early summer, and also by reproductive system preparation, occurring over the remainder of the summer until the end of winter, for a new breeding season.
Colony strength and queen replacement in Melipona marginata (Apidae: Meliponini)
Authors: Kleinert A. de M. P.
Published: January 2006

Physogastric queens of Melipona marginata were removed from their colonies in order to verify the acceptance of a new queen by workers. Colony strength was evaluated according to queen oviposition rate and comb diameters. Replacement was observed seven times. Its occurrence and speed related positively to colony strength, independently of queen's age. In weak colonies, queen replacement was observed only once, following colony population increase that occurred after introduction of combs from another colony. Worker oviposition after queen removal was observed three times: in a strong colony with virgin queens and males, and in two of the weak colonies. In the first two or three days of new queen oviposition, during which most of the eggs were eaten by the queen, worker oviposition preceded almost all provisioning and oviposition processes (POPs). After this period, worker oviposition decreased until it reached around 25% of the POPs. Daily oviposition rate of young queens decreased or was even interrupted by hatching of their first brood.
Taxonomy, ecology, and geographical distribution of the species of the genus Thermocyclops Kiefer, 1927 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) in São Paulo State, Brazil, with description of a new species
Authors: Silva W. M. , Matsumura-Tundisi T.
Published: January 2006

The taxonomy and ecology of the cyclopoid copepod genus Thermocyclops were studied. Samples were collected in 207 water bodies located in the 22 hydrographic basins of São Paulo State, Brazil, including large reservoirs, small and shallow lakes, and ponds and rivers. The genus Thermocyclops inhabits mainly water bodies within a limnetic region. Four species were found, of which one is new: Thermocyclops iguapensis, which occurred in the reservoirs of the Ribeira do Iguape and Paraíba do Sul basins. The description of the new species and the geographical distribution of all four species in São Paulo State are presented. Thermocyclops decipiens was the most frequent species, occurring in 71% of the water bodies within a limnetic region. This species is characteristic of eutrophic environments where it can occur in great abundance, whereas Thermocyclops minutus is characteristic in oligotrophic systems. Thermocyclops inversus and Thermocyclops iguapensis n. sp. were not common but can occur together with Thermocyclops decipiens.
Comparison of chemical composition of packable resin composites by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Silva Ana Amélia Bianchi e , Veeck Elaine Bauer , Oliveira José Pedro Peixoto de , Souza Paulo Henrique Couto
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVES: the purpose of this study was to compare the chemical composition of four different shades (incisal/extra-light, A2, A3 and B3) of two packable resin composites (SOLITAIRE®, and PRODIGY CONDENSABLE TM). METHODS AND MATERIALS: the specimens measured 4mm in diameter and 4mm in thickness. Five specimens were made for each shade of the materials. They were light cured for 40 seconds at a power of 600mW/cm². Subsequently, the specimens were removed from the plates and ground to powder and then pressed into holes measuring 4mm in diameter in a Teflon matrix, using the plates of the same material as base and cover. Specimens were evaluated under SEM with an x-ray detector for the spectroscopic test by energy dispersing. RESULTS: the chemical components found in both materials were practically the same, but in different proportions. Carbon, Oxygen, Aluminum, Silica, Fluoride and Barium were found. CONCLUSIONS: the chemical composition of each same material varied according to each shade analyzed.
MTA and calcium hydroxide for pulp capping
Authors: Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino de , Assed Sada , Leonardo Mario Roberto , Nelson-Filho Paulo , Silva Léa Assed Bezerra da
Published: January 2006

This study evaluated the biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) after direct capping of exposed pulp tissue in dog's teeth. Class I cavities were prepared in 26 teeth from 3 adult dogs. MTA was applied over the exposed pulp in 13 teeth and paste of calcium hydroxide plus distilled water (control) was applied in the remaining 13 teeth. After 90 days, the animals were killed; the maxilla and mandible were dissected and sectioned to obtain individual roots. The samples were processed histologically. The pulp and periapical response observed with the use of MTA was similar to that of calcium hydroxide paste. In all specimens, there was a dentin bridge obliterating the exposure, an intact odontoblastic layer, no inflammatory cells, normal connective pulp tissue, normal apical and periapical regions and no bone tissue changes. Similar to calcium hydroxide, MTA presented excellent response when used for direct pulp capping.
Surgical anatomy of the maxillary nerve in the zygomatic region
Authors: Moretto Elizandra Paccola , Silva Gustavo Henrique de Souza , Toledo Filho João Lopes , Andreo Jesus Carlos , Navarro Ricardo de Lima , Navarro João Adolfo Caldas
Published: January 2006

Anatomic knowledge on the zygomatic fossa is of primary importance to improve the regional anesthetic technique of the maxillary nerve. Few reports in the literature have addressed the trajectory of the maxillary nerve and its branches in this region; thus, this study aimed at presenting information about the trajectory of these nerves. Thirty human half-heads of both genders were fixed in 10% formalin and demineralized in 5% nitric acid, and the maxillary nerve was dissected since its origin on the pterygopalatine fossa until penetration into the inferior orbital fissure. It was observed that the maxillary nerve sends one to three posterior superior alveolar branches and tuberal descendent branches, which supply the soft tissue structures of the region. The posterior superior alveolar nerves are inferiorly oriented near the maxillary tuberosity, where they penetrate the alveolar canals with the posterior superior alveolar artery and send small nerve branches that continue in an extraosseous trajectory. This study found that nearly 2/3 of the trajectory of the maxillary nerve is located in the zygomatic region, with a short segment (1/3) in the pterygopalatine fossa.
Hydroxyl and calcium ions diffusion from endodontic materials through roots of primary teeth - in vitro study
Authors: Nunes Ana Cristina Gerent Petry , Rocha Maria José de Carvalho
Published: January 2006

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the diffusion of calcium (Ca+2) and hydroxyl (OH-) ions from materials with a calcium hydroxide base - Ca(OH)2 through the intact roots of deciduous teeth. This diffusion of ions is important for periapical healing. Forty-six deciduous teeth were selected and instrumented to their working length with #40 files. The teeth were washed during cleaning and shaping with a 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution. The canals were dried with paper points. The teeth were divided into 4 groups based on the sealer type, with 10 specimens in each group. A fifth group of 6 teeth without sealer constituted the control group. The materials used as sealers were: Ca(OH)2 paste associated to propylene glycol (CaPE) thickened at the proportion of 2:1 w/v; UFSC (Federal University of Santa Catarina) paste - a mixture of 0.3g of zinc oxide with 0.3g of Ca(OH)2 with 0.2ml of olive oil 1:1 w/w; Vitapex® and Sealapex®. The coronal access was sealed with a glass ionomer after the root had been filled with each sealer. A one-third apical surface and foramen was hard-pressed with Araldite®. The teeth were stored individually in flasks containing saline solution at 37ºC and 100% humidity. The OH- and Ca+2 ions diffusion levels were determined using a pH meter and an atomic absorption spectrometer. Data were collected at 48 hours and at intervals of 7, 30, 45 and 60 days. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA to compare groups. In the pH evaluation, the CaPE group presented the largest OH- ions diffusion, which peaked at sixty days (p=0.0309), when compared to the other groups (p<0.0001). In relation to amount of Ca+2 ions released, the CaPE paste showed the best results, followed by the UFSC's paste. These results suggest that the CaPE paste was the material that allowed the highest diffusion of OH- and Ca+2 ions.
A scanning electron microscopy study of root surface smear layer removal after topical application of EDTA plus a detergent
Authors: Sampaio José Eduardo Cezar , Campos Flávia Pavan , Pilatti Gibson Luiz , Theodoro Letícia Helena , Leite Fábio Renato Manzolli
Published: January 2006

The aim of the present study was to compare root surface smear layer removal following topical application of EDTA and EDTA-T (Texapon). Extracted human teeth had their cementum removed and were mechanically scaled. A total of 220 root specimens were obtained and were randomly assigned to the following groups: I-saline solution (control), II-EDTA; III-EDTA-T. Groups II and III specimens were assigned to different EDTA gel concentrations: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 24%. Smear layer removal score was assessed for each specimen by scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that EDTA and EDTA-T gel led to a higher root surface smear layer removal when compared to the control group. The 5% EDTA gel also showed a higher smear layer removal than the 15%, 20% and 24% EDTA gels (p<0.05). No difference could be found between the different concentrations of EDTA-T gels tested (p>0.05). EDTA gels had statistically significantly lower smear layer scores than the EDTA-T gels for the 5% and 10% concentrations. The results suggested that topical application of EDTA or EDTA-T gel led to significant smear layer removal of the mechanically treated root surfaces. The addition of a detergent to the EDTA gel formula did not improve smear layer removal of the root surface.
The effect of one session of supragingival plaque control on clinical and biochemical parameters of chronic periodontitis
Authors: Ribeiro Érica Del Peloso , Bittencourt Sandro , Nociti-Júnior Francisco Humberto , Sallum Enilson A. , Sallum Antonio W. , Casati Márcio Zaffalon
Published: January 2006

Supragingival plaque control is a requisite for the success of any periodontal procedure. However, little is know about the effect of this procedure alone on periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supragingival plaque control on clinical and biochemical parameters of chronic periodontitis. Twenty-five subjects exhibiting at least 4 pockets > 5mm, non-smokers and with no relevant systemic diseases, were selected for the study. The clinical and biochemical assessments were done before and 21 days after removal of plaque retentive factors, extraction of affected teeth and instruction in oral hygiene. The statistical analysis was done with the Student paired t-test (p<0,05) and demonstrated a reduction on the percentage of sites with bleeding on probing from 42.72 ± 15.83 to 35.87 ± 13.30 (p=0.002). Reduction in probing depth was detected on anterior teeth (initial/final mean: 2.88 mm/2.78 mm; p=0.01) and interproximal sites (initial/final mean: 3.80 mm/3.65 mm; p=0.001). There was an increase from 66.81% to 68.65% in the number of sites with probing depth of 1 to 3mm and a decrease from 26.21% to 24.17% in those with probing depth of 4 to 6mm. The BAPNA results showed a decrease from 51.44 ± 20.78 to 38.64 ± 12.34 (p=0.04). This study demonstrated that supragingival plaque control provides a reduction in gingival inflammation and alterations in the subgingival microflora detected by the BAPNA test.
Hardness of denture base and hard chair-side reline acrylic resins
Authors: Azevedo Andrea , Machado Ana Lucia , Vergani Carlos Eduardo , Giampaolo Eunice Teresinha , Pavarina Ana Cláudia
Published: January 2006

INTRODUCTION: The hardness of denture base materials may undergo changes due to continued polymerization reaction and water uptake. However, the extent to which these processes affect the hardness of materials is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the degree of conversion of two hard chair-side reline resins (Duraliner II-D and Kooliner-K) and one heat-cured acrylic resin (Lucitone 550-L) was evaluated indirectly by measuring the surface hardness. The effect of immersion in water on this property was also analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After processing following the manufacturers' instructions, specimens (5mm diameter and 2mm thickness) were dry stored at room temperature and the Vickers hardness (VHN) was measured with a hardness tester after 0, 2, 7, 30 and 90 days. Specimens were then immersed in water at 37ºC and hardness was evaluated after the same time intervals. Five specimens were prepared for each material. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test (P=.01). RESULTS: When dry stored, material L showed an increase in hardness (P<.01) from 0-day (VHN=23.2) to 30-day (VHN=27.1), after which no significant change was observed. A continuous increase in hardness was observed for material D from 0-day (VHN=4.6) to 90-day dry storage (VHN=7.3). For material K, an increase in hardness was observed up to 7-day (VHN=9.2), and then leveled off (P>.01). After 2-day water storage, all materials showed a significant reduction in hardness (P<.01). CONCLUSION: In general, the hardness of the materials evaluated increased during dry storage and decreased after immersion in water.
Prevalência de sintomas de asma e tratamento de crianças e adolescentes de 2 a 14 anos no Campus Aproximado da PUCRS
Authors: Ache Brasília Itália C. S. , Kahan Fabiane , Fiterman Jussara
Published: January 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: Nas últimas décadas tem havido aumento da prevalência da asma. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de sintomas de asma em crianças e adolescentes de 2 a 14 anos em Porto Alegre (RS), relacionando-a com o perfil socioeconômico, tratamento e hábito de fumar intradomiciliar. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal em que foram entrevistadas todas as famílias atendidas em junho de 2000. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de sintomas de asma foi de 49,5%. Em 66,8% das famílias a renda era inferior a quatro salários mínimos e em mais de 50% a escolaridade materna e paterna era menor que cinco anos. Em 98,5% não havia utilização de tratamento preventivo para asma. Nas 174 famílias estudadas 38,7% das mães, 43,7% dos pais e 32,7% de ambos eram fumantes. Houve associação entre as seguintes variáveis: exposição ao fumo intradomiciliar e número de crises de asma no último ano (p = 0,02; RR = 2,9; IC: 1,1 - 4,5); escolaridade materna e número de crises no último ano (p = 0,03; RR = 2,03; IC: 1,01 - 4,19); aglomeração e número de crises no último ano entre as crianças expostas ao fumo (p = 0,04; RR = 2,7; IC: 1,4 - 5,1); hospitalização e número de crises no último ano (p = 0,004; RR = 1,46; IC: 1,15 -1,86); hospitalização e aglomeração (p = 0,03; RR = 1,47; IC: 1,15 -1,86). Nos menores de cinco anos, houve associação entre fumo materno e número de crises no último ano (p = 0,03; RR = 1,79; IC: 1,04 - 3,08). CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de sintomas de asma foi alta. A comunidade estudada é limitada do ponto de vista socioeconômico e não trata adequadamente a enfermidade, o que demonstra necessidade de atendimento priorizado, normatizado e com insumos e processos avaliativos para controle da doença.
A eficácia da reabilitação pulmonar na capacidade de exercício, força da musculatura inspiratória e qualidade de vida de portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
Authors: Zanchet Renata Cláudia , Viegas Carlos Alberto Assis , Lima Terezinha
Published: January 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: A reabilitação pulmonar é amplamente preconizada para o tratamento da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da reabilitação pulmonar na capacidade de exercício, força da musculatura respiratória e qualidade de vida de portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. MÉTODO: Em um ensaio clínico não-randomizado e aberto, foram avaliados 27 portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica admitidos em programa de reabilitação pulmonar, estáveis clinicamente e ex-tabagistas. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados antes e depois da reabilitação pulmonar. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 65 ± 5 anos, o índice de massa corporal 25 ± 4 kg/m², o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo 55 ± 25% do previsto, a relação entre volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo e capacidade vital forçada 50 ± 12%, e a pressão parcial de oxigênio no sangue arterial 70 ± 7mmHg. Comparando os valores antes e depois da reabilitação pulmonar, houve melhora na distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (513 ± 99 m vs 570 ± 104 m), na carga máxima para membros superiores (2 ± 1 Kg vs 3 ± 1 Kg), na pressão inspiratória máxima (-89±23 cmH2O vs -102±23 cmH2O) e nos domínios atividade, impacto e escore total do questionário do Hospital Saint George na doença respiratória. CONCLUSÃO: A reabilitação pulmonar, com enfoque no treinamento físico, e realizada de forma criteriosa, é eficaz na promoção do aumento da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos, da carga máxima para membros superiores, da pressão inspiratória máxima e da qualidade de vida.
Biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica e com infiltrado pulmonar difuso
Authors: Monteiro Andreia Salarini , Addor Gabriela , Nigri David Henrique , Franco Carlos Alberto de Barros
Published: January 2006

INTRODUÇÃO: A biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto é considerada o padrão ouro no diagnóstico dos infiltrados pulmonares difusos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar positividade diagnóstica, mudanças no tratamento, complicações e mortalidade de pacientes em ventilação mecânica, com infiltrado pulmonar difuso e que foram submetidos a biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto. MÉTODO: Foram revisados, retrospectivamente, os prontuários de 24 pacientes, com idades entre 26 e 89 anos, internados no centro de tratamento intensivo de dois hospitais privados, submetidos a biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se 100% de positividade diagnóstica, sendo que em 75% dos casos houve mudança na terapêutica. Cinco pacientes apresentaram complicações relacionadas ao procedimento (20,8%). Não houve óbito diretamente relacionado à biópsia. A mortalidade global foi de 45,8%. CONCLUSÃO: A biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto é um procedimento seguro e com alta positividade, que pode ser utilizado no diagnóstico de infiltrado pulmonar difuso em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica. Apesar de seu impacto na mortalidade desses pacientes ainda não estar estabelecido na literatura, suas informações relacionadas ao prognóstico também devem ser consideradas.
Relationship between dental fluorosis and quality of life: a population based study
Authors: Michel-Crosato Edgard , Biazevic Maria Gabriela Haye , Crosato Edgard
Published: January 2006

The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of dental fluorosis in schoolchildren aged 6 to 15 and its possible association with the impacts on their daily activities. This study is observational, cross-sectional and analytical. A total of 513 schoolchildren from the city of Pinheiro Preto, SC, took part in this study. The children were examined by three calibrated dentists, after obtaining a kappa > 0.80. To assess the prevalence of fluorosis, clinical examinations were performed according to the methodology set forth by the 4th edition of the WHO. To assess the impact of fluorosis on their daily activities, a modified OIDP (Oral Impacts on Daily Performance) was adopted. The statistical analysis used was the Chi-squared test with a 5% significance level. Of the total number of children examined, 262 (51.1%) were of the female gender and 251 (48.9%) were of the male gender. In regard to the prevalence of fluorosis, 94 (18.3%) of the children presented this condition, while 419 children (81.7%) presented a normal condition. In regard to the severity of fluorosis, few children presented severe alterations. No association was found between dental fluorosis and gender (p = 0.646), between fluorosis and socioeconomic status (p = 0.848) or between fluorosis and access to public water supply system (p = 0.198). The activities that most affected children's daily performance were: oral hygiene (40.9%) and food intake or enjoying food (40.4%). None of the daily activities could be associated with the occurrence of dental fluorosis. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was consonant with the standards found for locations with optimum fluoride content in the water supply. The questionable and very slight levels of fluorosis were the most frequently found, without influence in the quality of life of the schoolchildren participating in the study.
Demineralization effect of EDTA, EGTA, CDTA and citric acid on root dentin: a comparative study
Authors: Sousa Simone Maria Galvão , Silva Thelma Lopes
Published: January 2006

The purpose of this study was to biochemically compare the decalcifying effects of 1% EDTA (pH 7.4), 1% EGTA (pH 7.4), 1% CDTA (pH 7.4), 1% citric acid solutions (pH 1.0 and 7.4) and saline solution (control) on root dentin. Forty-eight single-rooted teeth were used in this study. The canals were instrumented by the step-back technique and the roots were randomly divided into six equal experimental groups (n = 8) according to the irrigating agent tested. A total of 30 µL of each solution was pipetted into the root canal and allowed to set undisturbed for 5 minutes. After this time, 15 µL of the solutions were removed from each canal using a Hamilton syringe and placed in a container with 5 mL of deionised water. The µg/mL concentration of calcium ion (Ca2+) extracted from the root canal samples was determined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Data were analysed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis and Mood's median tests. Citric acid solution at pH 1.0 removed more calcium than at pH 7.4 and than the other chelating solutions tested (p < 0.05). No differences were observed between EDTA and EGTA. Both EDTA and EGTA removed significantly more calcium than CDTA and citric acid at pH 7.4 (p < 0.05). There were no differences between citric acid at pH 7.4 and saline solution, which had the least efficacy for Ca2+ extraction (p > 0.05). These results indicate that citric acid at pH 1.0 is a good alternative as an irrigating solution to remove the smear layer and facilitate the biomechanical procedures.
Application of the total etching technique or self-etching primers on primary teeth after air abrasion
Authors: Leite Fábio Renato Manzolli , Capote Ticiana Sidorenko de Oliveira , Zuanon Angela Cristina Cilense
Published: January 2006

Since the use of air abrasion has grown in pediatric dentistry, the aim of this study was to evaluate, by means of shear bond strength testing, the need to use the total etching technique or self-etching primers on dentin of primary teeth after air abrasion. Twenty-five exfoliated primary molars had their occlusal dentin exposed by trimming and polishing. Specimens were treated by: Air abrasion + Scotchbond MultiPurpose adhesive (G1); 37% phosphoric acid + Scotchbond MP adhesive (G2); Clearfil SE (G3); Air abrasion + 37% phosphoric acid + Scotchbond MP adhesive (G4); Air abrasion + Clearfil SE (G5). On the treated surface, a cylinder of 2 mm by 6 mm was made using a composite resin (Z100). Duncan's test showed that: (G2 = G3 = G5) > (G1 = G4). The use of a self-etching primer on air abraded dentin is recommended to obtain higher bond strengths.
DNA extraction from human saliva deposited on skin and its use in forensic identification procedures
Authors: Anzai-Kanto Evelyn , Hirata Mário Hiroyuki , Hirata Rosario Dominguez Crespo , Nunes Fabio Daumas , Melani Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff , Oliveira Rogério Nogueira
Published: January 2006

Saliva is usually deposited in bite marks found in many homicides, assault and other criminal cases. In the present study, saliva obtained from volunteers was deposited on skin and recovered for DNA extraction and typing in order to evaluate its usefulness for practical case investigation and discuss the contribution of forensic dentistry to saliva DNA typing. Twenty saliva samples were colleted from different donors and used as suspects' samples. Five of these samples were randomly selected and deposited (250 µl) on arm skin. Saliva was collected from skin using the double swab technique. DNA from saliva and skin-deposited saliva samples was extracted by the phenol-chloroform method. DNA samples were amplified by PCR for DNA typing using a set of 15 STRs. The recovery of DNA from saliva deposited in the skin was 14 to 10 times lower than DNA quantity from saliva samples. DNA typing was demonstrated in 4 of 5 deposited saliva samples, the likelihood ratios estimated for these samples based on data of the Brazilian population were 1:11, 1:500, 1:159.140 and 1:153.700.123. Our results indicate that standardized procedures used for DNA collection and extraction from skin-deposited saliva can be used as a method to recover salivary DNA in criminal cases. However, it is important to observe that DNA recovery in forensic samples can be difficult. This study suggests that the analysis of saliva deposited on skin be incorporated into a criminal investigation since it may have great discriminatory power.
Epigenetic Information and Estrogen Receptor Alpha Expression in Breast Cancer
Authors: Giacinti Laura , Claudio Pier Paolo , Lopez Massimo , Giordano Antonio
Published: January 2006

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the role of epigenetic information in the regulation of gene expression and in the development of cancer.Explain the important role of estrogen receptor expression in breast cancer as a prognostic marker and predictive factor of response to endocrine therapy.Evaluate the current and potential role that the comprehension of the molecular biology of a tumor may have in finding a new therapeutic approach in cancer treatment.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
How Do U.S. Medical Oncologists Learn and Apply New Clinical Trials Information from Press Releases in Nonmedical Media? A Case Study Based on ECOG 4599
Authors: Dornbusch Daniel , Allegra Carmen , Willey Joanne , Andrews Michele , Leff Richard , Epstein James , Jones James , Lokey Lee , Green Mark R.
Published: January 2006

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss new vehicles for the initial release of practice-relevant phase III clinical trial data.Describe the limited educational impact of such information transfer vehicles on the medical oncology community.Explain the potential risks to medical oncologists and their patients because of underinformed or non–evidence-based therapeutic recommendations involving new indications for commercially available agents.Discuss the development of new strategies for effective knowledge transfer of preliminary, practice-relevant, clinical trial data.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Lung Cancer Highlights from ASCO 2005
Authors: Belvedere Ornella , Grossi Francesco
Published: January 2006

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the results of recent trials on the addition of a molecularly targeted agent to standard first-line chemotherapy in NSCLC.Explain the role of surgery in the treatment of stage III NSCLC.Discuss the current status of adjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Quarks, Leptons, Fermions, and Bosons—The Subatomic World of Radiation Therapy
Authors: Welsh James S.
Published: January 2006

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe where the commonly prescribed forms of radiation such as photons, electrons, and protons fit into the grander scheme of subatomic particles.Discuss the categories of subatomic particles prescribed in radiation oncology such as bosons, fermions, leptons, quarks, baryons, hadrons, and mesons.Categorize fundamental particles as fermions or bosons based on their spin.Categorize particles as leptons or quarks based on their types of interactions.Categorize hadrons as baryons or mesons based on their quark composition.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Patients Previously Transfused or Treated with Epoetin Alfa at Low Baseline Hemoglobin Are at Higher Risk for Subsequent Transfusion: An Integrated Analysis of the Canadian Experience
Authors: Quirt Ian , Kovacs Michael , Couture Félix , Turner A. Robert , Noble Michael , Burkes Ronald , Dolan Sean , Plante Richard K. , Lau Catherine Y. , Chang José , Camacho Fernando
Published: January 2006

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify chemotherapy patients at risk of transfusion by carefully monitoring hemoglobin levels and prior incidence of transfusion.Define the optimal Hb target at which epoetin alfa treatment should be initiated to minimize subsequent transfusion need.Understand that more than 85% of units transfused occurred in patients receiving epoetin alfa with baseline Hb <10g/dl and evaluate the clinical impact of early treatment initiation.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Anionische Übergangsmetallkomplexe mit terminalen Carbid‐, Nitrid‐ und Phosphidliganden als Synthesebausteine für niederkoordinierte Phosphorverbindungen
Authors: Cummins Christopher C.
Published: December 2005

Anionische Komplexe mit terminalen einatomigen Nitrid‐, Phosphid‐ und Carbidliganden sind ausgezeichnete Ausgangsmaterialien für die Synthese von Liganden mit niederkoordinierten Phosphorzentren in der schützenden Koordinationssphäre eines Metallkomplexes. Salzeliminierungsreaktionen mit Chlorphosphanen führen zu Phosphaisocyanid‐, Iminophosphinimid‐ und Diorganophosphanylphosphiniden‐Komplexen, in denen die ungewöhnlichen Phosphorliganden durch Koordination stabilisiert sind. Röntgenstrukturanalysen und Dichtefunktionalrechnungen erhellen die Bindungsverhältnisse in diesen Verbindungen.
Terminal, Anionic Carbide, Nitride, and Phosphide Transition‐Metal Complexes as Synthetic Entries to Low‐Coordinate Phosphorus Derivatives
Authors: Cummins Christopher C.
Published: December 2005

Anionic terminal one‐atom nitride, phosphide, and carbide complexes are excellent starting materials for the synthesis of ligands containing low‐coordinate phosphorus centers in the protecting coordination sphere of the metal complex. Salt‐elimination reactions with chlorophosphanes lead to phosphaisocyanide, iminophosphinimide, and diorganophosphanylphosphinidene complexes in which the unusual phosphorus ligands are stabilized by coordination. X‐ray structure analyses and density‐functional calculations illuminate the bonding in these compounds.
Collagen and proteoglycan turnover in focally damaged human ankle cartilage: Evidence for a generalized response and active matrix remodeling across the entire joint surface
Authors: Aurich Matthias , Mwale Fackson , Reiner Agnes , Mollenhauer Juergen A. , Anders Jens O. , Fuhrmann Reneé A. , Kuettner Klaus E. , Poole A. Robin , Cole Ada A.
Published: December 2005

Objective

Although cartilage lesions occur in the ankles, osteoarthritis rarely develops in the ankles, suggesting that ankle cartilage can up‐regulate mechanisms to repair the damaged matrix. To define these processes, we compared cartilage samples obtained from normal tali and from lesional sites of damaged tali.

Methods

Cartilage samples were obtained from the tali of normal ankles and from 3 sites on tali with lesions (the lesion, adjacent to the lesion, and far removed from the lesion). Cartilage was analyzed for type II collagen (CII) messenger RNA, C‐terminal type II procollagen propeptide (CPII), the collagenase cleavage neoepitope (Col2‐3/4Cshort), and the denaturation epitope (Col2‐3/4m). For the assessment of type IX collagen, the COL2 and NC4 domains were evaluated. The cartilage samples were also assayed for glycosaminoglycans, epitope 846 of aggrecan, and DNA.

Results

The DNA content, epitope 846, COL2(IX), and the denaturation epitope were significantly increased in lesional cartilage. Although there was a tendency toward an increase in CII content and CPII, the increase did not reach significance. Neither the NC4(IX) domain nor Col2‐3/4C was elevated. Surprisingly, changes in cartilage both adjacent to and remote from the lesion were similar to those in the lesion.

Conclusion

The changes observed in cartilage obtained from the lesion and from sites adjacent to the lesion were not surprising; however, the changes in cartilage obtained from sites remote from the lesion were unexpected. This up‐regulation of matrix turnover in ankles with degenerative lesions may indicate a physiologic response of the entire articular surface to repair the damaged matrix, which is not restricted to the lesion site. This suggests that there may be some mechanism of communication across the cartilage. The response by ankle cartilage obtained from a site remote from the lesion has not been observed in the knee.
Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Organosulfur Compounds with tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Chica Antonio , Gatti Giorgio , Moden Bjorn , Marchese Leonardo , Iglesia Enrique
Published: December 2005

Rates and selectivities for the oxidation of various organosulfur compounds with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide were measured on CoAPO‐5 (APO=aluminophosphate; Co/P=0.05), Co/H‐Y (Co/Al=0.15), and MoOx/Al2O3 (15 % wt MoO3). Rates increased with increasing electron density at the sulfur atom (methyl phenyl sulfide>diphenyl sulfide>4‐methyldibenzothiophene>2,5‐dimethyl thiophene). Rates (per metal atom) were significantly higher on CoAPO‐5 than on Co/H‐Y, MoOx/Al2O3, or homogeneous Co acetate catalysts. Small amounts of sulfoxides (1‐oxide) were detected on all catalysts at low reactant conversions, together with their corresponding sulfones; at higher conversions, only sulfones (1,1‐dioxide) were detected, indicating that the oxidation of sulfoxides is much faster than for organosulfur reactants in the sequential oxidation pathways prevalent on these catalysts. Framework Co cations were not leached from CoAPO‐5 during the oxidation of 4‐methyldibenzothiophene, but most exchanged Co cations in H‐Y and >20 % of Mo cations in MoOx/Al2O3 were extracted during these reactions. The fraction of redox‐active Co cations in CoAPO‐5 and Co/H‐Y was measured by reduction–oxidation cycles using H2 and O2 and by UV‐visible spectroscopy. This fraction was much larger in CoAPO‐5 (0.35) than in Co/H‐Y (0.01), consistent with the higher oxidation rates measured on CoAPO‐5 and with the involvement of redox‐active species in kinetically‐relevant steps in catalytic oxidation sequences. Redox‐active Co cations at framework positions within accessible channels are required for catalytic activity and structural stability during oxidative desulfurization, whether hydroperoxides are used as reactants or as intermediates (when O2 is used as the oxidant).
Analysis of optical purity and impurity of synthetic d‐phenylalanine products using sulfated β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector by reversed‐polarity capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Zhao Yan , Yang Xing‐Bin , Jiang Ru , Sun Xiao‐Li , Li Xiao‐Ye , Liu Wen‐Min , Zhang Sheng‐Yong
Published: December 2005

A new capillary electrophoresis (CE) method has been achieved for simultaneous separation and quantification of phenylalanine, N‐acetylphenylalanine enantiomers, and prochiral N‐acetylaminocinnamic acid, possibly co‐existent in reaction systems or synthesized products of d‐phenylalanine. The separation was carried out in an uncoated capillary under reversed‐electrophoretic mode. Among the diverse charged cyclodextrins (CDs) examined, highly sulfated (HS)‐β‐CD as the chiral selector exhibited the best enantioselectivity. The complete separation of the analytes was obtained under the optimum conditions of pH 2.5, 35 mM Tris buffer containing 4% HS‐β‐CD, applied voltage −15 kV, and capillary temperature 25°C. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied to the determination of optical purity and trace impurities in three batches of the asymmetric synthetic samples of d‐phenylalanine, and satisfactory results were obtained. The determination recoveries of the samples were in the range of 97.8–103.8%, and precisions fell within 2.3–5.0% (RSD). The results demonstrate that this CE method is a useful, simple technique and is applicable to purity assays of d‐phenylalanine. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality 18:84–90, 2006.
Use of the exciton chirality method in the investigation of ligand‐gated synthetic ion channels
Authors: Sakai Naomi , Talukdar Pinaki , Matile Stefan
Published: December 2005

The objective of this brief highlight is to point out the central role of the exciton chirality method to gain insights on the structural basis of the recently achieved ligand gating of synthetic ion channels. This unprecedented ligand gating was achieved with an equally unprecedented transmembrane rigid‐rod π‐stack architecture that is designed to adopt a closed conformation with helically stacked naphthalenediimide (NDI) acceptors. The intercalation of the complementary electron‐rich dialkoxynaphthalene ligands then stimulates the untwisting of the closed π‐helices into hollow barrel–stave supramolecules. During this helix–barrel transition, the angle between the transition moments of the exciton‐coupled NDI chromophores decreases toward zero. The corresponding disappearance of the split CD provides, according to the exciton chirality method, the otherwise elusive experimental support that ligand‐gated ion channel formation really occurs by this rationally designed helix–barrel transition. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality 18:91–94, 2006.
Circular dichroism of heterochromophoric and partially regenerated purple membrane: Search for exciton coupling
Authors: Karnaukhova Elena , Vasileiou Chrysoula , Wang Andy , Berova Nina , Nakanishi Koji , Borhan Babak
Published: December 2005

In order to determine the origin of the bisignate CD spectra of native purple membrane, heterochromophoric analogues containing bacteriorhodopsin regenerated with native all‐trans‐retinal and retinal analogues were investigated. The data collected for the purple membrane samples containing two different chromophores suggest the additive character of the CD spectra. This conclusion was supported by a series of spectra using 5,6‐dihydroretinal and 3‐dehydroretinal and by using 33% regenerated PM in buffer and in presence of osmolytes. Our results support the idea of conformational heterogeneity of the chromophores in the bR in the trimer, suggesting that the three bR subunits in the trimer are not conformationally equal, and therefore, the bisignate CD spectrum of bR in the purple membrane occurs rather due to a superposition of the CD spectra from variously distorted bR subunits in the trimer than interchromophoric exciton‐coupling interactions. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality 18:72–83, 2006.
Design, classification, and strategies of synthesis of modular bidentate ligands based on aryl[2.2]paracyclophane backbone
Authors: Rozenberg Valeria , Zhuravsky Roman , Sergeeva Elena
Published: December 2005

The aryl[2.2]paracyclophane backbone, which is a “hybrid” of a configurationally rigid [2.2]paracyclophanyl unit and a biphenyl unit, is proposed as a new source for the chiral ligands. Classification of such ligands in accordance with mutual arrangement of the functional substituents and their nature is also introduced. Key strategic approaches to the synthesis of regioisomeric biphenols and hydroxyaldehydes, including Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction, lithiation/electrophilic quench, and chiral resolution, are elaborated. Examples of their further modification and application of several O,O‐ and N,O‐ligands as chiral inductors in asymmetric catalysis are described. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality 18:95–102, 2006.
Tracking of enantioselective solubility of rac‐norgestrel in the presence of cyclodextrin by a CD spectroscopic method
Authors: Szegvári Dávid , Zelkó Romána , Horváth Péter , Gergely András
Published: December 2005

Dissolution of hydrophobic rac‐norgestrel in aqueous γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CyD) and hydroxypropyl‐γ‐cyclodextrin (HP‐γ‐CyD) solutions was investigated, and enantioselective dissolution was observed. (−)‐Norgestrel, the eutomer molecule, was dissolved to a greater extent using each of the CyDs, although the effect was more significant in the case of HP‐γ‐CyD. A circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic method based on measurement of the anisotropy factor was applied for the determination of the enantiomer ratio. The concentration and the enantiomer ratio of norgestrel were determined indirectly in octanol after extraction. Optical rotation dispersion (ORD) measurements could confirm that neither the free CyDs nor their inclusion complexes could get into the organic phase during transport to octanol. Only the norgestrel molecules were able to get into the organic phase, although the enantiomer ratio remained the same as was obtained in the aqueous CyD solution. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality 18:121–126, 2006.
Raman optical activity of proteins, carbohydrates and glycoproteins
Authors: Zhu Fujiang , Isaacs Neil W. , Hecht Lutz , Tranter George E. , Barron Laurence D.
Published: December 2005

On account of its sensitivity to chirality, Raman optical activity (ROA), which may be measured as a small difference in the intensity of vibrational Raman scattering from chiral molecules in right‐ and left‐circularly polarized incident light, or as the intensity of a small circularly polarized component in the scattered light, is a powerful probe of the structure of biomolecules. Protein ROA spectra provide information on secondary and tertiary structures of polypeptide backbones, backbone hydration and side‐chain conformations, and on structural elements present in unfolded states. Carbohydrate ROA spectra provide information on the central features of carbohydrate stereochemistry, especially that of the glycosidic link. Glycoprotein ROA spectra provide information on both the polypeptide and carbohydrate components. This article describes the ROA technique and presents and discusses the ROA spectra of a selection of proteins, carbohydrates, and a glycoprotein. The many structure‐sensitive bands in protein ROA spectra are favorable for applying pattern recognition techniques, illustrated here using nonlinear mapping, to determine structural relationships between different proteins. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality 18:103–115, 2006.
Enantioseparation of secondary alcohols by diastereoisomeric salt formation
Authors: Kiss Violetta , Egri Gabriella , Bálint József , Fogassy Elemér
Published: December 2005

A general method was found for the resolution of the racemic 1‐phenyl‐1‐propanol (1) and 1‐phenyl‐2‐propanol (2) with various resolving agents. Monoesters of the alcohols were prepared, which were then reacted with different chiral bases. Successful optical resolutions were achieved only with the maleic acid monoesters (3 and 6). Alcohol 1 has been resolved to >99% enantiomeric excess by diastereoisomeric salt formation via its maleic acid monoester (3) using cinchonidine (9) as resolving agent. Alcohol 2 has been obtained in 98% enantiomeric excess by diastereoisomeric salt formation via its the maleic acid monoester (6) using (+)‐dehydroabietylamine (11) as resolving agent. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality 18:116–120, 2006.