bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
India consists of multiple food systems with scoioeconomic and environmental variations
Authors: Athare Tushar Ramchandra , Pradhan Prajal , Singh S. R. K. , Kropp Juergen P.
Published: August 2022

Agriculture in India accounts for 18% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and uses significant land and water. Various socioeconomic factors and food subsidies influence diets in India. Indian food systems face the challenge of sustainably nourishing the 1.3 billion population. However, existing studies focus on a few food system components, and holistic analysis is still missing. We identify Indian food systems covering six food system components: food consumption, production, processing, policy, environmental footprints, and socioeconomic factors from the latest Indian household consumer expenditure survey. We identify 10 Indian food systems using k-means cluster analysis on 15 food system indicators belonging to the six components. Based on the major source of calorie intake, we classify the ten food systems into production-based (3), subsidy-based (3), and market-based (4) food systems. Home-produced and subsidized food contribute up to 2000 kcal/consumer unit (CU)/day and 1651 kcal/CU/day, respectively, in these food systems. The calorie intake of 2158 to 3530 kcal/CU/day in the food systems reveals issues of malnutrition in India. Environmental footprints are commensurate with calorie intake in the food systems. Embodied GHG, land footprint, and water footprint estimates range from 1.30 to 2.19 kg CO2eq/CU/day, 3.89 to 6.04 m2/CU/day, and 2.02 to 3.16 m3/CU/day, respectively. Our study provides a holistic understanding of Indian food systems for targeted nutritional interventions on household malnutrition in India while also protecting planetary health.
Influence of Prunus domestica gum on the release profiles of propranolol HCl floating tablets
Authors: Mehmood Salman , Farid Hasan Syed Muhammad , Noor Rabia , Sikandar Muhammad , Mohani Syed Nadeem ul Hasan , Israr Fauzia , Ali Syed Imran , ullah Majeed , Hassan Fouzia
Published: August 2022

Propranolol hydrochloride is a beta-blocker used for the management and treatment of hypertension, angina, coronary artery disease, heart failure, fibrillation, tremors, migraine etc. The objective of the present study was to design Propranolol Hydrochloride floating tablets by direct compression method and to explore the role of a new gum as a matrix former. A 22full factorial design was selected for the present study.Prunus domesticagum and HPMC (K4M) were used as independent variables, swelling index and drug dissolution at 12 hours as dependent variables. Formulations were subjected to pre- and post-compression tests that showed good micromeritics and buoyancy characteristics (Carr’s index 11.76%–14.00%, Hausner’s ratio 1.13°–1.16°, angle of repose 22.67°–25.21°, floating lag time 56–76 seconds, total floating time 18–25 hours and swelling index 59.87%–139.66%). The cumulative drug release in 0.1 N HCl at 12 hours was 72%–90% (p<0.05). Weibull model was found to be the best fit model (R2>0.99) among all other studied models. Multiple regression showed a significant effect ofPrunus domesticagum and HPMC K4M on the swelling index and dissolution profiles of propranolol HCl (p<0.05). On the basis of betterin-vitroperformance and cost-effectiveness, formulation F4 was the best formulation. It is evident from the results thatPrunus domesticagum possesses excellent drug release retardant potential for the floating drug delivery system and this new gum should be further explored alone or with other natural and synthetic polymers in future studies.
Targeted non AR mediated smart delivery of abiraterone to the prostate cancer
Authors: Baker Abu , Khalid Mohammad , Uddin Imran , Khan Mohd Sajid
Published: August 2022

Prostate cancer is the second-deadliest tumor in men all over the world. Different types of drugs with various delivery systems and pathways were developed, but no one showed prominent results against cancer. Meanwhile, nanoparticles have shown good results against cancer. Therefore, in the given study, citrate mediated synthesized gold nanoparticles (CtGNPs) with immobilized survivin antibodies (SvGNPs) were bioconjugated to the substantially potent drug abiraterone (AbSvGNPs) to develop as a combinatorial therapeutic against prostate cancer. The AbSvGNPs are made up of CtGNPs, survivin antibodies, and abiraterone. The selected drug abiraterone (Abira) possesses exceptionally good activity against prostate cancer, but cancer cells develop resistance against this drug and it also poses several severe side effects. Meanwhile, survivin antibodies were used to deliver AbSvGNPs specifically into cancer cells by considering survivin, an anti-apoptotic overexpressed protein in cancer cells, as a marker. The survivin antibodies have also been used to inhibit cancer cells as an immunotherapeutic agent. Similarly, CtGNPs were discovered to inhibit cancer cell proliferation via several transduction pathways. The given bioconjugated nanoparticles (AbSvGNPs) were found to be substantially effective against prostate cancer with an IC50 of 11.8 and 7.3 μM against DU145 and PC-3 cells, respectively. However, it was found safe against NRK and showed less than 25% cytotoxicity up to 20μM concentration. The as-synthesized nanoparticles CtGNPs, SvGNPs, and AbSvGNPs were characterized by several physical techniques to confirm their synthesis, whereas the immobilization of survivin antibodies and bioconjugation of Abira was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, TEM, FTIR, and zeta-potential. The anticancer potential of AbSvGNPs was determined by MTT, DAPI, ROS, MITO, TUNEL ASSAY, and caspase-3 activity against DU145 and PC3 cells.
S146L in MYC is a context-dependent activating substitution in cancer development
Authors: Hinds John W. , Feris Edmond J. , Wilkins Owen M. , Deary Luke T. , Wang Xiaofeng , Cole Michael D.
Published: August 2022

MYC is one of the most dysregulated oncogenes and is thought to be fundamental to tumor formation and/or maintenance in many cancer types. This dominant pro-tumor activity makes MYC an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, MYC is a transcription factor lacking enzymatic activity, and the structure of one of its two domains is unknown e.g., its transactivation domain. Consequently, few direct MYC-targeting therapies have been developed, and none have been successful in the clinic. Nevertheless, significant effort has been devoted to understanding the mechanisms of oncogenic MYC activity with the objective of uncovering novel vulnerabilities of MYC-dependent cancers. These extensive investigations have revealed in detail how MYC translocation, amplification, and other upstream perturbations contribute to MYC activity in cancer. However, missense mutations of the MYC gene have remained relatively understudied for their potential role in MYC-mediated oncogenesis. While the function of several low-frequency mutations in MYC have been described, our understanding of other equally or more frequent mutations is incomplete. Herein, we define the function of a recurrent missense mutation in MYC resulting in the substitution S146L. This mutation enhances the interaction between MYC and its cofactor TRRAP and may enhance oncogenic MYC activity in certain cellular contexts.

Implication

Our results fortify the mechanistic understanding of oncogenic MYC and may indicate a novel prognostic marker for patients whose tumors harbor the somatic mutation resulting in MYC S146L.
Too much information: Why CDCL solvers need to forget learned clauses
Authors: Krüger Tom , Lorenz Jan-Hendrik , Wörz Florian
Published: August 2022

Conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) is a remarkably successful paradigm for solving the satisfiability problem of propositional logic. Instead of a simple depth-first backtracking approach, this kind of solver learns the reason behind occurring conflicts in the form of additional clauses. However, despite the enormous success of CDCL solvers, there is still only a limited understanding of what influences the performance of these solvers in what way. Considering different measures, this paper demonstrates, quite surprisingly, that clause learning (without being able to get rid of some clauses) can not only help the solver but can oftentimes deteriorate the solution process dramatically. By conducting extensive empirical analysis, we furthermore find that the runtime distributions of CDCL solvers are multimodal. This multimodality can be seen as a reason for the deterioration phenomenon described above. Simultaneously, it also gives an indication of why clause learningin combination withclause deletion is virtually the de facto standard of SAT solving, in spite of this phenomenon. As a final contribution, we show that Weibull mixture distributions can accurately describe the multimodal distributions. Thus, adding new clauses to a base instance has an inherent effect of making runtimes long-tailed. This insight provides an explanation as to why the technique of forgetting clauses is useful in CDCL solvers apart from the optimization of unit propagation speed.
Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride over Au-doped BiOBr nanosheets under visible light irradiation
Authors: Wang Chu-Ya , Fang Xin , Zeng Qi , Zhou Heng-Deng , Lu Yongze
Published: August 2022

Bismuth(III) oxybromide (BiOBr) is a typical photocatalyst with a unique layered structure. However, the response of BiOBr to visible light is not strong enough for practical application. Moreover, the charge separation efficiency of BiOBr still needs to be improved. In this study, series of Au-doped BiOBr photocatalysts was prepared through a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The as-prepared Au0.3-BiOBr nanosheets exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance. The charge separation efficiency of Au0.3-BiOBr nanosheets was enhanced by 18.5 times compared with that of BiOBr. The intrinsic photocatalytic activity of Au0.3-BiOBr nanosheets in the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride was approximately twice higher than that of BiOBr under visible light irradiation. In addition, three pathways were identified for the photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of tetracycline hydrochloride, which involve four reactions: hydroxylation, demethylation, ring opening and mineralization. Accordingly, this study proposes a feasible and effective Au-doped BiOBr photocatalyst, and describes a promising strategy for the design and synthesis of high-performance photocatalysts.
Acceptability and feasibility of mobile phone-based ecological momentary assessment and intervention in Uganda: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Beres Laura K. , Mbabali Ismail , Anok Aggrey , Katabalwa Charles , Mulamba Jeremiah , Thomas Alvin G. , Bugos Eva , Grabowski Mary K. , Nakigozi Gertrude , Chang Larry
Published: August 2022

Valid, reliable behavioral data and contextually meaningful interventions are necessary for improved health outcomes. Ecological Momentary Assessment and Intervention (EMAI), which collects data as behaviors occur to deliver real-time interventions, may be more accurate and reliable than retrospective methods. The rapid expansion of mobile technologies in low-and-middle-income countries allows for unprecedented remote data collection and intervention opportunities. However, no previous studies have trialed EMAI in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed EMAI acceptability and feasibility, including participant retention and response rate, in a prospective, parallel group, randomized pilot trial in Rakai, Uganda comparing behavioral outcomes among adults submitting ecological momentary assessments (EMA) versus EMAI. After training, participants submitted EMA data on five nutrition and health risk behaviors over a 90-day period using a smartphone-based application utilizing prompt-based, participant-initiated, and geospatial coordinate data collection, with study coordinator support and incentives for >50% completion. Included behaviors and associated EMAI-arm intervention messages were selected to pilot a range of EMAI applications. Acceptability was measured on questionnaires. We estimated the association between high response rate and participant characteristics and conducted thematic analysis characterizing participant experiences. Study completion was 48/50 participants. Median prompt response rate was 66.5% (IQR: 60.0%-78.6%). Prior smartphone app use at baseline (aPR 3.76, 95%CI: 1.16–12.17, p = 0.03) and being in the intervention arm (aPR 2.55, 95% CI: 1.01–6.44, p = 0.05) were significantly associated with the top response rate quartile (response to >78.6% of prompts). All participants submitted self-initiated reports, covering all behaviors of interest, including potentially sensitive behaviors. Inconsistent phone charging was the most reported feasibility challenge. In this pilot, EMAI was acceptable and feasible. Response rates were good; additional strategies to improve compliance should be investigated. EMAI using mobile technologies may support improved behavioral data collection and intervention approaches in low and middle-income settings. This approach should be tested in larger studies.
The morphometrical and topographical evaluation of the superior gluteal nerve in the prenatal period
Authors: Kędzia Alicja , Dudek Krzysztof , Ziajkiewicz Marcin , Wolanczyk Michal , Seredyn Anna , Derkowski Wojciech , Domagala Zygmunt Antoni
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Advances in medical science are helping to break down the barriers to surgery. In the near future, neonatal or in utero operations will become the standard for the treatment of defects in the human motor system. In order to carry out such procedures properly, detailed knowledge of fetal anatomy is necessary. It must be presented in an attractive way not only for anatomists but also for potential clinicians who will use this knowledge in contact with young patients. This work responds to this demand and presents the anatomy of the superior gluteal nerve in human fetuses in an innovative way. The aim of this work is to determine the topography and morphometry of the superior gluteal nerve in the prenatal period. We chose the superior gluteal nerve as the object of our study because of its clinical significance—for the practice of planning and carrying out hip surgery and when performing intramuscular injections.

Material and methods

The study was carried out on 40 human fetuses (20 females and 20 males) aged from 15 to 29 weeks (total body length v-pl from 130 to 345 mm). Following methods were used: anthropological, preparatory, image acquisition with a digital camera, computer measurement system Scion for Windows 4.0.3.2 Alpha and Image J (accuracy up to 0.01 mm without damaging the unique fetal material) and statistical methods.

Results

The superior gluteal nerve innervates three physiologically significant muscles of the lower limb’s girdle: gluteus medius muscle, gluteus minimus muscle and tensor fasciae latae muscle. In this study the width of the main trunk of the nerve supplying each of these three muscles was measured and the position of the nerve after leaving the suprapiriform foramen was observed. A unique typology of the distribution of branches of the examined nerve has been created. The bushy and tree forms were distinguished. There was no correlation between the occurrence of tree and bushy forms with the body side (p > 0.05), but it was shown that the frequency of the occurrence of the bushy form in male fetuses is significantly higher than in female fetuses (p < 0.01). Proportional and symmetrical nerve growth dynamics were confirmed and no statistically significant sexual dimorphism was demonstrated (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The anatomy of the superior gluteal nerve during prenatal period has been determined. We have identified two morphological forms of it. We have observed no differences between right and left superior gluteal nerve and no sexual dimorphism. The demonstrated high variability of terminal branches of the examined nerve indicates the risk of neurological complications in the case of too deep intramuscular injections and limits the range of potential surgical interventions in the gluteal region. The above research may be of practical importance, for example for hip surgery.
Epitope-Evaluator: An interactive web application to study predicted T-cell epitopes
Authors: Soto Luis Fernando , Requena David , Fuxman Bass Juan Ignacio
Published: August 2022

Multiple immunoinformatic tools have been developed to predict T-cell epitopes from protein amino acid sequences for different major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles. These prediction tools output hundreds of potential peptide candidates which require further processing; however, these tools are either not graphical or not friendly for non-programming users. We present Epitope-Evaluator, a web tool developed in the Shiny/R framework to interactively analyze predicted T-cell epitopes. Epitope-Evaluator contains six tools providing the distribution of epitopes across a selected set of MHC alleles, the promiscuity and conservation of epitopes, and their density and location within antigens. Epitope-Evaluator requires as input the fasta file of protein sequences and the output prediction file coming out from any predictor. By choosing different cutoffs and parameters, users can produce several interactive plots and tables that can be downloaded as JPG and text files, respectively. Using Epitope-Evaluator, we found the HLA-B*40, HLA-B*27:05 and HLA-B*07:02 recognized fewer epitopes from the SARS-CoV-2 proteome than other MHC Class I alleles. We also identified shared epitopes between Delta, Omicron, and Wuhan Spike variants as well as variant-specific epitopes. In summary, Epitope-Evaluator removes the programming barrier and provides intuitive tools, allowing a straightforward interpretation and graphical representations that facilitate the selection of candidate epitopes for experimental evaluation. The web server Epitope-Evaluator is available athttps://fuxmanlab.shinyapps.io/Epitope-Evaluator/
Development and diagnostic validation of a one-step multiplex RT-PCR assay as a rapid method to detect and identify Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) and its variants circulating in the Mediterranean
Authors: Errani Francesca , Volpe Enrico , Riera-Ferrer Enrique , Caffara Monica , Padrós Francesc , Gustinelli Andrea , Fioravanti Marialetizia , Ciulli Sara
Published: August 2022

Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) represents one of the most threatening pathogens for Mediterranean aquaculture. Several NNV strains are currently co-circulating in the Mediterranean Basin with a high prevalence of the RGNNV genotype and the RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant strain and a more limited diffusion of the SJNNV genotype and the SJNNV/RGNNV reassortant. In the present study, a one-step multiplex RT-PCR (mRT-PCR) assay was developed as an easy, cost-effective and rapid diagnostic technique to detect RGNNV and the reassortant RGNNV/SJNNV strain and to distinguish them from SJNNV and the reassortant SJNNV/RGNNV strain in a single RT-PCR reaction. A unique amplification profile was obtained for each genotype/reassortant enabling their rapid identification from cell culture lysates or directly from brain tissues of suspected fish. The method’s detection limit varied between 102.3 and 103.4 TCID50 ml-1 depending on viral strains. No cross-reacitivty with viruses and bacteria frequently associated with gilthead seabream, European seabass and marine environment was observed. The mRT-PCR was shown to be an accurate, rapid and affordable method to support traditional diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of VNN, being able to reduce considerably the time to identify the viral genotype or the involvement of reassortant strains.
Factors associated with dehydrating rotavirus diarrhea in children under five in Bangladesh: An urban-rural comparison
Authors: Yeasmin Sultana , Hasan S. M. Tafsir , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Khan Md Alfazal , Faruque A. S. G. , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Rotavirus is the leading cause of dehydrating diarrhea in young children worldwide. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with dehydrating rotavirus diarrhea in children under five years of age in urban and rural Bangladesh.

Methods

The study analyzed data from 7,758 children under five who presented with rotavirus diarrhea to Dhaka (urban) and Matlab (rural) hospital of icddr,b during 2009–2018, and were enrolled in the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System. Cases were defined as children having rotavirus isolated in stool specimens presented with dehydrating diarrhea. Controls were children infected with rotavirus have no dehydration. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to identify the factors associated with dehydrating diarrhea.

Results

Among the rotavirus-infected children, 1,784 (34%) in Dhaka and 160 (6%) in Matlab had diarrhea with some or severe dehydration. The female children and age group 24–59 months age was found to be at higher risk of dehydration compared to 6–11 months age. In the multivariable logistic regression model, maternal illiteracy, vomiting, the onset of diarrhea less than 24 hours prior to presenting to the hospital, monsoon months, stunting, and wasting were significantly associated with dehydrating rotavirus diarrhea among children aged 0–59 months in Dhaka. In Matlab, monthly income, duration less than 24 hours prior to attending the hospital, and wasting had an independent significant association with dehydrating rotavirus diarrhea episodes.

Conclusions

Considering factors diversity, educating parents and proper counselling by health care personnel during diarrhea, could lessen the severity of dehydration and the number of hospital visits later on by eliminating the modifiable risk factors among the children, which needs further studies.
Echovirus 11 infection induces pyroptotic cell death by facilitating NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Wang Chong , Yang Ruyi , Yang Fengxia , Han Yang , Ren Yujie , Xiong Xiaobei , Wang Xingyun , Bi Yidan , Li Lijun , Qiu Yang , Xu Yi , Zhou Xi
Published: August 2022

Echovirus 11 (ECHO 11) is a positive-strand RNA virus belonging to the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae. ECHO 11 infections can cause severe inflammatory illnesses in neonates, including severe acute hepatitis with coagulopathy. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is important for host defense against invading viruses, which also contributes to viral pathogenicity. However, whether and how ECHO 11 induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation remains unclear. In this study, we isolated a clinical strain of ECHO 11 from stools of an ECHO 11-infected newborn patient with necrotizing hepatitis. This virus shared 99.95% sequence identity with the previously published ECHO 11 sequence. The clinically isolated ECHO 11 can efficiently infect liver cells and strongly induces inflammation. Moreover, we showed that ECHO 11 induced IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis in cells and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Furthermore, ECHO 11 infection triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as evidenced by cleavages of GSDMD, pro-IL-1β and pro-caspase-1, and the release of LDH. ECHO 11 2B protein was required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation via interacting with NLRP3 to facilitate the inflammasome complex assembly. In vivo, expression of ECHO 11 2B also activated NLRP3 inflammasome in the murine liver. Besides, 2Bs of multiple EVs can also interact with NLRP3 and induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Together, our findings demonstrate a mechanism by which ECHO 11 induces inflammatory responses by activating NLRP3 inflammasome, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of ECHO 11 infection.
PRC1-independent binding and activity of RYBP on the KSHV genome during de novo infection
Authors: Lee See-Chi , Toth Zsolt
Published: August 2022

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus that causes lifelong infection in humans by establishing latency after primary infection. Latent infection is a prerequisite for both persistent infection and the development of KSHV-associated cancers. While viral lytic genes are transiently expressed after primary infection, their expression is significantly restricted and concomitant with the binding of host epigenetic repressors Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2) to lytic genes. PRC1 and PRC2 mediate the repressive histone marks H2AK119ub and H3K27me3, respectively, and maintain heterochromatin structure on KSHV lytic genes to inhibit their expression. In contrast to PRC2, little is known about the recruitment and role of PRC1 factors on the KSHV genome following de novo infection. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine the function of PRC1 factors in the establishment of KSHV latency. To address this question, we performed an shRNA screen targeting 7 different components of the canonical and non-canonical PRC1 complexes during primary KSHV infection. We found that RYBP, a main subunit of the non-canonical PRC1 complexes, is a potent repressor of KSHV lytic genes that can bind to the viral genome and inhibit lytic genes as early as 4 hours post infection. Surprisingly, our ChIP analyses showed that RYBP binds to lytic viral gene promoters in a PRC1-independent manner, does not affect PRC1 activity on the KSHV genome, and can reduce the level of histone marks associated with transcription elongation. Our data also suggest that RYBP can repress the viral lytic cycle after primary infection by inhibiting the transcription elongation of the lytic cycle inducer KSHV gene RTA. Based on our results we propose that RYBP uses a PRC1-independent mechanism to block KSHV RTA expression thereby promoting the establishment of KSHV latency following de novo infection.
Zur Geschichtsschreibung der Revolution von 1918/19
Authors: Meyer-Lenz Johanna
Published: August 2022

In ihrer Einleitung widmet sich Johanna Meyer-Lenz dem konzeptionellen Aufbau des Bandes. Diese umfasst die kritische Gesellschaftsgeschichte der 1970er Jahre und jüngere Ansätze der Geschichtswissenschaft, der Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften. Die individuellen Beiträge der Autor:innen werden systematisch in den Rahmen der ausgewählten Forschungsdimensionen und ihrer Verflechtung mit der politischen und gesellschaftlichen Geschichte der unmittelbaren Revolutionsereignisse und ihrer Dynamiken für Hamburg, das Hamburger Umland und die norddeutsche Region eingeordnet: Die Konzepte von Raum, Masse, Gewalt, politische Macht, Umbruch und Transformation Begriffe dienen als Knotenunkte Beziehungen und Konflikten, welche das multidimensionale Ereignisgeflecht der Revolution als dynamisches, vielschichtiges und verflochtenes Geschehen entfalten.
Alter(n)
Authors: Rose Lotte
Published: August 2022

Lotte Rose beschäftigt sich mit der Leerstelle um hohes Körpergewicht im Alter. Obwohl empirisch nachweislich die älteren Bevölkerungsgruppen das höchste Körpergewicht haben, wird in den öffentlichen Debatten zur ,Adipositas' vornehmlich das Gewicht der jüngeren, vor allem der Kinder dramatisiert. Der Diskurs verhält sich sozusagen umgekehrt proportional zur realen Prävalenz der Gewichtsraten in den verschiedenen Altersphasen. Offenbar wird hohes Körpergewicht je nach Alter gesellschaftlich anders gedeutet. Wie ist dies zu erklären?
Bariatrische Chirurgie
Authors: Penkler Michael
Published: August 2022

Michael Penkler diskutiert in seinem Beitrag, wie die bariatrische Chirurgie als Abnehmpraxis im Kontext gesellschaftlicher Normierungs- und Subjektivierungsweisen zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt. Während 'critical fat studies' und Aktivist*innen chirurgische Eingriffe oft sehr kritisch gegenüberstehen, werden diese von betroffenen Personen oft als ermächtigend wahrgenommen. Dieser ermächtigende Aspekt von chirurgischen Eingriffen trägt zur Wirkmacht dieserKörperpraktiken bei, indem chirurgische Eingriffe Individuen erlauben, ein diszipliniertes und autonomes Subjekt, das hegemonialen Subjektivierungsweisen entspricht, zu verkörpern.
The Biggest Loser
Authors: Kindinger Evangelia , Vester Katharina
Published: August 2022

Evangelia Kindinger und Katharina Vetter widmen sich in diesem Beitrag der Fernsehsendung »The Biggest Loser« und hinterfragen die Praktiken, die dort angewandt werden, um Gewichtsverlust zu erzielen.
COVID-19
Authors: Mackert Nina
Published: August 2022

Nina Mackert beschäftigt sich in diesem Beitrag mit Bedeutungen von Dicksein während der Covid-19 Pandemie.
Epigenetik
Authors: Müller Ruth
Published: August 2022

Ruth Müller widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Umweltepigenetik, einem aufstrebenden Feld der Molekularbiologie, das sich mit dem Einfluss von Umweltfaktoren auf die Expression des Genoms beschäftigt. Sie diskutiert, wie die Umweltepigenetik zunehmend in Debatten über Fat und Gesundheit mobilisiert wird, und welche Fragen im Bereich sozialer Gerechtigkeit damit verbunden sind.
Essen
Authors: Möhring Maren
Published: August 2022

Die Ernährung ist eines der zentralen Interventionsfelder, wenn es um die Regulierung des Körpergewichts geht. Dabei wird die Nahrungsaufnahme vornehmlich naturwissenschaftlich als Input von Nährstoffen betrachtet. Dieser reduktionistischen Perspektive stehen Ansätze gegenüber, die das soziale Moment des Essens betonen und dabei auch die alimentary assemblages (Probyn) von essenden und gegessenen Körpern in den Blick nehmen. Indem diese Ansätze das Unverfügbare am Essensakt fokussieren, hinterfragen sie die allgegenwärtigen Imperative der (Selbst-)Regulation.
Fatshion
Authors: Haller Melanie
Published: August 2022

Haller widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage welche Rolle Mode und modische Kleidung für Akteure des Fat Acceptance Movement spielt und in welcher Weise sie damit normierende Maßstäbe der Bekleidungsindustrie unterlaufen, um Mode jenseits einer Marginalisierung im kapitalistischen Markt für sich als Selbstermächtigung nutzen. Die Akteure einer Fatshion arbeiten damit aktiv gegen eine körpernormierende Ausgrenzung durch die Bekleidungsindustrie für mehr Selbstbestimmung.
Health at Every Size
Authors: Gibson Gemma
Published: August 2022

In this chapter Gibson considers the history of the Health at Every Size movement and the struggle between its activist roots and its professionalized usage.
Kunst
Authors: Wienand Kea
Published: August 2022

Kea Wienand befasst sich in diesem Beitrag mit der Darstellung von dicken Körpern in der Geschichte der bildenden Kunst. Sie legt dar, dass die Proportionen mit denen Körperbilder konstruiert wurden, wechselhaft waren. Weiterhin diskutiert sie künstlerische Arbeiten der letzten Jahrzehnte, die tradierte Schönheitsideale durchkreuzen.
Waage
Authors: Frommeld Debora
Published: August 2022

Debora Frommeld beleuchtet in dem Beitrag die wichtige Rolle der Personenwaage aus historischer und soziologischer Perspektive. Dabei wird der Frage nachgegangen wie es dazu kommen konnte, dass die Waage mit ihrem Messergebniss Körper bewertet und Subjekte aus der Gesellschaft ein- und ausschließt.
Politik der Ungewissheit
Authors: Ramin Lucas von
Published: August 2022

Unsicherheit und Kontingenz sind zu paradigmatischen Kategorien für die Interpretation des sozialen und politischen Raumes geworden. Sie wecken Hoffnung auf Veränderung, werden aber auch für gegenwärtige Herausforderungen wie die sogenannte Postfaktizität und den Populismus verantwortlich gemacht. Lucas von Ramin legt den Kern einer postmodernen Sozialphilosophie frei und rekonstruiert damit, wie aus der Kontingenz der Welt doch Zuversicht geschöpft werden kann. Er zeigt auf, dass der normative Anspruch einer solchen Philosophie nicht hoch genug geschätzt werden kann, ihre Grenzen jedoch an der Gegenwart gemessen werden müssen.
»Der Todestango«
Authors: Dietz Dirk E.
Published: August 2022

Der »Todestango« gehört zu den rätselhaftesten Kompositionen, die in Konzentrations- und Vernichtungslagern der SS entstanden sein sollen. Bislang wurden zu diesem angeblich meistgespielten Stück des Zwangsarbeits- und Durchgangslagers Lemberg-Janowska keine Noten gefunden und kein Nachweis seiner Existenz geführt. Dirk E. Dietz legt auf Basis einer breiten Quellenlage dar, dass es einen »Todestango« nie gab und sich schon in den Erinnerungen Überlebender keine authentischen Spuren hierzu finden lassen — ein Lehrstück, wie Legenden entstehen, in die Erinnerung eindringen, sich verbreiten und schließlich zu »Tatsachen« verfestigen.
Die konformistische Revolte
Authors: Roepert Leo
Published: August 2022

Rechtspopulismus ist kein fehlgeleiteter Protest gegen Neoliberalismus und Postdemokratie, sondern eine Gestalt der konformistischen Revolte. Seinen Kern bilden rassistische und konspirationistische Mythen: Das Eigene werde vom Fremden überwältigt, weil globalistische Eliten Souveränität und Gemeinschaft zerstört hätten. Leo Roepert analysiert, wie diese Mythen die Krisentendenzen der Gegenwart zu verarbeiten versuchen, ohne deren gesellschaftliche Ursachen wahrnehmen zu müssen. Dabei wird deutlich, dass der rechtspopulistische Kampf gegen »Globalismus« und »Überfremdung« darauf abzielt, eine Ordnung wiederherzustellen, die es vermeintlich schon immer gegeben hat.
Die Problematisierung von Gewalt in Computerspielen
Authors: Husemann Jan
Published: August 2022

Gewalt in Computerspielen ist ein viel diskutiertes Phänomen digitalisierter Gesellschaften. Doch inwiefern ist Computerspielgewalt als ein soziales Problem institutionell konstituiert? Jan Husemann untersucht die Problematisierung von Gewalt in Computerspielen über einen Zeitraum von 30 Jahren. Um verhandelte Problemmuster offenzulegen, wertet er violente Computerspiele mithilfe eines Gewaltanalysemodells aus und stellt die Ergebnisse einer parallel durchgeführten Problemmusteranalyse gegenüber. Dies ermöglicht ihm die exemplarische Darstellung einer Themenkarriere und zeigt zugleich die Bedeutung institutioneller Problemmuster bei der Konstituierung sozialer Probleme auf.
Ecophysiology and water use efficiency of soybean cultivars under field conditions
Authors: Bezerra Costa Niedja , De Castro Oliveira Maria de Fátima , Braun Heder , Da Silva Berilli Sávio , Mazzei Moura de Assis Figueiredo Fábio Afonso , De Oliveira Reis Fabrício , Massi Ferraz Tiago
Published: August 2022

A wide range of soybean cultivars is available on the market and understanding the physiological response and yield of these materials is fundamental to develop new management systems. Thus, the objective of the present study was to assess ecophysiological parameters and yield of soybean cultivars under field conditions. The experiment was carried out on a farm located in the municipality of Açailândia, Maranhão, Brazil. Three commercial cultivars were used (SC1, SC2 and SC3), and gas exchanges, SPAD index, Fv/Fm, photosynthesis index (PI), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) and intrinsic instantaneous of the use of water (iWUE) were assessed during the vegetative (V5) and reproductive (R5) stages. In addition, the biomass and production components were obtained. A randomized complete block design was used, with three cultivars and six replications. SC2 obtained the best mean for the photochemical variables. SC2 was more efficient at both development stages in WUE, but the maximum iWUE values were obtained in SC3. The SC2 cultivar obtained the best responses in the main variables analyzed, resulting in a higher yield.
Efficacy of the herbicides indaziflam and clomazone on problematic weeds of family poaceae to sugarcane crop
Authors: Ghirardello Giovani Apolari , Araújo Lucas da Silva , Silva Gustavo Soares da , Silva André Felipe Moreira , Campos Luiz Henrique Franco de , Victoria Filho Ricardo
Published: August 2022

It is believed that indaziflam gives a longer period of weed control compared to clomazone, irrespective of the type or texture of the soil. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate pre-emergent control in five problematic weed species of family Poaceae to sugarcane, using the herbicides indaziflam and clomazone in two soils of different textures. Two experiments were carried out, one in a soil of a sandy-loam texture and the other in a clayey soil. For both experiments, a randomised block design of split plots was chosen, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the herbicides indaziflam (75 and 100 g ai ha-1), clomazone (1080 g ai ha-1) and a control with no herbicide. In the subplots, the treatments were Digitaria horizontalis, Panicum maximum, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Urochloa decumbens and Urochloa plantaginea. Both herbicides were more effective in the clayey soil, but with indaziflam (100 g ai ha-1), more than 90% control of the weeds remained after 240 days after application (DAA), whereas for clomazone, control remained only up to 90 DAA. The herbicide clomazone did not satisfactorily control the weeds in the sandy-loam soil. The herbicide indaziflam did not control U. decumbens in the sandy-loam soil. D. horizontalis and R. cochinchinensis were the most sensitive species to the herbicide indaziflam, irrespective of soil texture.
The Effect of Heat Input on Welding Combination of GTAW and SMAW SA537 Material on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure
Authors: Tarmizi Tarmizi , Hananda Nabil Aga , Irfan Irfan
Published: August 2022

The combination of GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) and SMAW (Shield Metal Arc Welding) processes on SA537 Class 2 carbon steel using variations of heat input is the main choice to get the best quality welded joints. This research aims to joint SA537 Class 2 material using the GTAW and SMAW process with heat input variations to get the best joint and determine the joint results mechanical properties and microstructure analysis. The experimental method uses a combination of GTAW and SMAW processes with a single V butt joint design, groove angle of 60o, root face 2 mm and root gap of 4 mm as many as 7 passes, and variations in heat input of 2.5 kJ/mm, 2.8 kJ/mm and 3.2 kJ/mm. According to ASME section IX, the mechanical testing results showed that the specimen with a heat input of 2.8 kJ/mm gave optimum results with the highest tensile strength of 480 MPa compared to the other two specimens, and there were no cracks when tested for bending The higher the heat input, the greater the decrease in the percentage of ferrite. Using a heat input of 2.8 kJ/mm in this study provides a weld result with better mechanical properties and microstructure than the use of heat input of 2.5 kJ/mm and 3.2 kJ/mm.
Comparison of the Ultimate Strength with and without Hatch Opening Subjected to Longitudinal Bending
Authors: Suci Indah Melati , Muis Alie Muhammad Zubair , Sitepu Ganding
Published: August 2022

The hatch opening has function to enter the load into the cargo hold. One of the ship type like this is Bulk Carrier. The hatch opening must be designed in suitable way because its influence to the ultimate strength since the hull girder under longitudinal bending moment. The application of the hatch opening on the ship’s deck should be considered for the ship design critreria. The objective of the present study is to analyze the ultimate strength with and without hatch opening subjected to longitudinal bending moment. The cross section of box girder is used to analyze the effect of hatch opening to the ultimate strength. This cross section of box girder is adopted for simple calculation. The application of Multiple Point Constrained (MPC) is adopted to analyze the box girder under longitudinal bending moment. The cross section of box girder is assumed remained plane during progressive collapse. The material such as density, yield strength, elastic modulus and poisson ratio are homogeneous. The type and dimensions of the stiffeners are also identic. The only one of the difference for the stiffener is number due to the hatch opening at the top of the box girder. It is found that the ultimate strength of the box girder with hatch opening is smaller than without opening one.
Reflektierte Führer in der Allianz der Toleranz: 9/11 und die Suche nach dem „gemäßigten Islam“
Authors: Fuchs Simon Wolfgang , Balistreri Alexander E.
Published: August 2022

The attacks of September 11, 2001 spurred an intense interest in “moderate Islam” in U.S. government circles. Some high-ranking officials, for example, saw “moderate Muslims” as necessary allies in the “War on Terror.” In this article, we examine how the United States went about making allies in the Muslim world after the attacks. The goal was supposedly straightforward: “moderate” Muslims were to be strengthened and empowered to act as an antidote to radical groups. Yet such plans ran into numerous problems. First was the notoriously difficult definition of “moderate Islam,” which ranged from a simple rejection of the primacy of jihad to the acceptance of basic democratic values. Second, in reaching out to the Muslim world, the United States could not solve its own dilemma of being torn between a preference for stability provided by autocrats and the commitment to promote “Islamic” forms of democracy. These tensions resurfaced in the deepened partnership with two countries that were touted as manifestations of moderate Islam’s new promise: Turkey and Pakistan. Given their past efforts in fighting communism, both countries were seen to be potentially equally reliable partners in fighting the new “radical Islamic menace.” As we show, however, these visions did not materialize as hoped. The U.S. government overestimated the room local actors had to maneuver while underestimating the political costs that came with being tied too closely to American interests.
On missing out on „the real George W. Bush“: Die Radikalisierung der Republikaner und die Polarisierung der Politik nach 9/11
Authors: Christ Birte
Published: August 2022

This essay imagines the contemporary American political landscape without the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and their consequences in order to gauge the impact of “9/11” on domestic politics. It suggests that the current political polarization among American voters and within the American party system, which ultimately enabled the election of Donald Trump, would not be that extreme had it not been for the Bush administration’s War on Terror at home and abroad. As the essay outlines, the erosion of the justice system, the US’s disregard for international human rights, and the curbing of citizens’ rights that marked the immediate post-9/11 era led directly to the political polarization, even radicalization, that we witness today. Inversely, this essay speculates that had it not been for 9/11, George W. Bush could have been a moderate conservative force, bridging the chasm between the American right and left, and rallying the nation behind the cause of fighting poverty – the “real George W. Bush” might have had a chance, and the United States as well as the Republican party would look different today.
Human centered design workshops as a meta-solution to diagnostic disparities
Authors: Wiegand Aaron A. , Dukhanin Vadim , Sheikh Taharat , Zannath Fateha , Jajodia Anushka , Schrandt Suzanne , Haskell Helen , McDonald Kathryn M.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Diagnostic errors – inaccurate or untimely diagnoses or failures to communicate diagnoses – are harmful and costly for patients and health systems. Diagnostic disparities occur when diagnostic errors are experienced at disproportionate rates by certain patient subgroups based, for example, on patients’ age, sex/gender, or race/ethnicity. We aimed to develop and test the feasibility of a human centered design workshop series that engages diverse stakeholders to develop solutions for mitigating diagnostic disparities.

Methods

We employed a series of human centered design workshops supplemented by semi-structured interviews and literature evidence scans. Co-creation sessions and rapid prototyping by patient, clinician, and researcher stakeholders were used to generate design challenges, solution concepts, and prototypes.

Results

A series of four workshops attended by 25 unique participants was convened in 2019–2021. Workshops generated eight design challenges, envisioned 29 solutions, and formulated principles for developing solutions in an equitable, patient-centered manner. Workshops further resulted in the conceptualization of 37 solutions for addressing diagnostic disparities and prototypes for two of the solutions. Participants agreed that the workshop processes were replicable and could be implemented in other settings to allow stakeholders to generate context-specific solutions.

Conclusions

The incorporation of human centered design through a series of workshops promises to be a productive way of engaging patient-researcher stakeholders to mitigate and prevent further exacerbation of diagnostic disparities. Healthcare stakeholders can apply human centered design principles to guide thinking about improving diagnostic performance and to center diverse patients’ needs and experiences when implementing quality and safety improvements.
Circular shape monopole antenna with modified ground plane proclaiming SWB characteristics
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Sinha Rashmi , Choubey Arvind , Mahto Santosh Kumar
Published: August 2022

Modern communication systems require an antenna with miniaturized size and large bandwidth with high data rate. In this article, a circular monopole antenna is presented with hexagonal patch on both sides of microstrip feedline and an I- shaped rectangular slot etched at the center of feedline to provide impedance matching. The modified loaded ground reduces the coupling between ground plane and radiation patch. This antenna has compact dimension of 30 mm × 25 mm with electrical size of 0.25λ × 0.20λ.This antenna has been designed and simulated in HFSS commercial software and fabricated on FR4 substrate of thickness 1.6 mm with relative permittivity 4.4, loss tangent of 0.02. The experimental results are compared with simulated one, which are in close agreement. It attains a frequency band ranging from 2.4 to 56.6 GHz with reflection coefficient <−10, percentage bandwidth of 183.72%, Bandwidth Ratio (BR) 23.58:1, and Bandwidth Dimension Ratio (BDR) of 3674.40. The peak gain and radiation efficiency of this antenna is 12.77 dBi and 98.82% at 45.84 and 5.6 GHz respectively. Time domain analysis has been done, which proclaims that the proposed antenna has SWB characteristics. It may be useful for high data rate transmission, medical imaging, and other SWB applications.
Supersolidus Liquid Phase Sintering and Heat Treatment on Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing Produced Ledeburitic Cold Work Tool Steel*
Authors: Wieczorek L. , Katzwinkel T. , Blüm M. , Löwer M. , Röttger A.
Published: August 2022

In this work, the possibility of manufacturing complex-shaped components from a carbon-martensitic hardenable cold-work steel (1.2379; X153CrMoV12; D2) is investigated. For this purpose, cube-shaped samples with an edge length of 10 mm were produced using the fused-filament fabrication process, which were post-compacted after solvent debinding by supersolidus liquid-phase sintering. Using the knowledge of liquid phase volume content as a function of temperature, supersolidus liquid phase sintering experiments were performed. The microstructure formation process was characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The microstructure and hardness of the processed samples were compared in the heat-treated condition with the properties of the same steel 1.2379 (X153CrMoV12; D2) in the as-cast, deformed and heat-treated condition. The results demonstrate effective post-densificationc close to theoretical density of cold-work tool steel samples fabricated by fused-filamet fabrication using supersolidus liquid-phase sintering at 1280 °C. The defect-free microstructure in the heat-treated state is characterized by a martensitic matrix and eutectic Cr-rich M7 C3 and small amounts of V-rich MC carbides. The hardness of the annealed Supersolidus liquid phase sintering samples are 681 ± 5 HV10, which is above the level of the reference material 1.2379 (629 ± 7 HV10) in the as-cast, formed and heat-treated condition.