bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Properties of fire agent integrated with molecular sieve and tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid in thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer
Authors: Jiao Chuanmei , Jiang Huazhen , Chen Xilei
Published: April 2019

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer has a widely application because of its perfect physical and chemical properties. However, it was limited by its low reliability in fire safety. In this paper, a new fire agent integrated with molecular sieve and tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid ([EOOEMIm][BF4]) was used to improve fire safety of TPU. The fire safety of TPU composites was investigated by cone calorimeter test, smoke density test, and thermogravimetric/infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed that modified molecular sieve (MMS) can improve fire safety of TPU effectively. The luminous flux increased to 10.10%, total smoke release decreased by 58%, and heat release rate declined of 65% than pure TPU when the addition of MMS was 0.5 wt%. In addition, MMS can improve thermal stability of TPU even in nitrogen according to thermogravimetric/infrared spectroscopy test. These proved that MMS has a satisfactory application prospect in fire safe polymer materials.
Does ginger supplementation lower blood pressure? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Hasani Hossein , Arab Arman , Hadi Amir , Pourmasoumi Makan , Ghavami Abed , Miraghajani Maryam
Published: April 2019

The aim of the present systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the efficacy of ginger supplementation on blood pressure (BP). PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched until September 2018. Human clinical trials, which reported the effect of ginger supplementation on aortic and/or brachial BP, were included. Mean differences were pooled using a random effects model. Standard methods were used for assessment of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias. Total of six randomized clinical trials (345 participants) were included in the meta‐analysis. Pooled analysis suggested that ginger supplementation can reduced systolic BP (MD: −6.36 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [−11.27, −1.46]; I2 = 89.8%; P = .011) and diastolic BP (MD: −2.12 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [−3.92, −0.31]; I2 = 73.4%; P = .002). When studies were categorized based on participants' mean age, ginger dosage and duration of intervention, systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly decreased only in the subset of studies with mean age ≤ 50 years, follow‐up duration of ≤8 weeks and ginger doses ≥3 g/d. Our findings revealed that ginger supplementation has favorable effects on BP. Nonetheless, further studies are warranted before definitive conclusions may be reached.
Follicular factors determining the developmental competence of porcine oocyte
Authors: Shibahara Hidenori , Ishiguro Ai , Shirasuna Koumei , Kuwayama Takehito , Iwata Hisataka
Published: April 2019

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the relationship between granulosa cells (GCs), number of follicles, and the ability of follicular fluid to support in vitro growth of oocytes.

Methods

The culture medium was supplemented with follicular fluid (FF) collected from GC‐rich ovaries and GC‐poor ovaries, and its effect on in vitro growth and quality of oocytes derived from early antral follicles (EAFs) was assessed.

Results

GC‐rich FF treatment enhanced oocyte growth and augmented changes in the chromatin configuration and lipid content of oocytes when compared to oocytes treated with GC‐poor FF. Moreover, oocytes treated with GC‐rich FF had a higher ability to progress to the blastocyst stage, than oocytes derived from large antral follicles (3‐5 mm in diameter). In addition, supplementation of the culture medium with either GC‐rich or GC‐poor FF enhanced histone acetylation in oocytes grown in vitro.

Conclusion

GC‐rich FF contains key factors that support in vitro oocyte growth; hence, oocytes grown in GC‐rich FF medium had high developmental competence, which was comparative to the oocytes grown in vivo.
Development of Dip‐Pen Nanolithography (DPN) and Its Derivatives
Authors: Liu Guoqiang , Hirtz Michael , Fuchs Harald , Zheng Zijian
Published: April 2019

Dip‐pen nanolithography (DPN) is a unique nanofabrication tool that can directly write a variety of molecular patterns on a surface with high resolution and excellent registration. Over the past 20 years, DPN has experienced a tremendous evolution in terms of applicable inks, a remarkable improvement in fabrication throughput, and the development of various derivative technologies. Among these developments, polymer pen lithography (PPL) is the most prominent one that provides a large‐scale, high‐throughput, low‐cost tool for nanofabrication, which significantly extends DPN and beyond. These developments not only expand the scope of the wide field of scanning probe lithography, but also enable DPN and PPL as general approaches for the fabrication or study of nanostructures and nanomaterials. In this review, a focused summary and historical perspective of the technological development of DPN and its derivatives, with a focus on PPL, in one timeline, are provided and future opportunities for technological exploration in this field are proposed.
Toward a big data approach for indexing encrypted data in Cloud Computing
Authors: Kaci Abdellah , Bouabana‐Tebibel Thouraya , Rachedi Abderrezak , Yahiaoui Chafia
Published: April 2019

Searchable encryption provides encryption schemes allowing search on encrypted data without decrypting the whole collection. However, due to the huge amount of data that exists in the Cloud, it is required to review such encryption schemes to decrease search and indexation times. In this paper, we propose a big data approach called MR‐Index (MapReduce Indexation) that makes the indexation mechanism parallel. In fact, the proposed MR‐Index is composed of two phases: Map phase and Reduce phase. In the Map phase, MR‐Index processes documents in parallel to build for each keyword, the list of identifiers of documents containing it. Access control is ensured through attribute based encryption. In the reduce phase of MR‐Index, the data structures of the index are constructed. The MR‐Index is performed by a trusted party called searchable encryption authority. Experimental results, shown that the proposed solution decreases the indexation time for large documents, compared to the original sequential indexation mechanism. In terms of scalability of the solution, we ameliorated the MR‐Index using the Hadoop archive files.
A note on Ludwig von Bertalanffy and the form problem of life
Authors: Baecker Dirk
Published: April 2019

The paper looks at two early books written and edited, respectively, by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, both published in 1928. They share an interest in the individuality of individual things and living beings and thus are both skeptical of a general substance able to explain existence and life. The first book is Bertalanffy's Critical Theory of Form Formation; the second, a small collection of texts written by Nicholas von Cusa and preceded by an introduction by Bertalanffy, which is as admiring of the Cardinal and Bishops diplomatic life as it is impressed by his philosophy containing many ideas which only later, and differently, became prominent by writers like Leibniz, Pascal, or Luther. Von Bertalanffy calls von Cusa the first philosopher with a notion of infinity, which proves to be pertinent both theologically and mathematically. The paper discusses the problem of the individuality of individual living beings within the context of the so‐called philosophy of organism, in which Plato is fascinated by the question of how organisms manage to distinguish themselves from a surrounding they at the same time depend on. The paper introduces Fritz Heider's notion of medium and George Spencer‐Brown's notion of form to show how a possible calculus of indications doubling as operations of reflexive negation relate to a medium of life which consists, among other things, of decaying forms of life.
A Sequence‐Coupled Mathematical Model of Magneto‐Hydrodynamic Two‐Phase Flow and Heat Transfer in a Triplex‐Electrode Electroslag Remelting Furnace
Authors: Wang Fang , Xiong Yunlong , Li Baokuan , Liu Fang
Published: April 2019

The triplex‐electrode electroslag remelting (TE‐ESR) furnace has the three‐phase equilibrium power supply which has the advantages of balanced load and reasonable short network structure, leading to a higher power factor. A transient three‐dimensional (3D) sequence‐coupled mathematical model is developed to explore the magneto‐hydrodynamic two‐phase flow and heat transfer in the TE‐ESR furnace. Compared to the traditional ESR process, the electromagnetic field, fluid flow, temperature, and solidification in the TE‐ESR system is completely different. Electric current has a tendency to gather beneath the top part of slag layer, with small amount entering the metal bath and the solidified ingot. The maximum Joule heating does not distribute beneath the interface of electrode and slag, but between adjacent electrodes. The thermal distribution in the TE‐ESR process is much more uniform than in the traditional ESR process, which is beneficial to improving ingot quality, especially heavy ingots. It can be observed that there is a pair of recirculation zones beneath the bottom of each electrode, caused by the formation and dripping of metal droplets. When the melting rate is increased to 0.03 kg s−1, the depth of the metal bath profile increases from 0.16 to 0.165 m.
Neue Entwicklungen für die Bemessung von Schweißverbindungen höherfester Stähle
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Spiegler Jennifer , Schmidt‐Rasche Christina
Published: April 2019

Herrn Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Frank Werner zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres gewidmet

Für die Bemessung von Schweißverbindungen höherfester Stähle konnte im Zuge verschiedener Forschungsvorhaben ein an höherfeste Stähle angepasstes Bemessungsmodell für Kehlnähte gleicher Grundwerkstoffe entwickelt werden [1]. Für Mischverbindungen, wenn also höherfeste Stähle wie S690 an normalfeste Stähle z. B. S355 angeschlossen werden, konnte anhand eines weiteren Forschungsvorhabens [2] die Anwendbarkeit dieses Bemessungsmodells für Kehlnähte zwischen normal‐ und höherfesten Baustählen bestätigt werden. Die Ergebnisse wurden bereits zur Verbesserung der normativen Tragfähigkeit von Kehlnahtverbindungen höherfester Stähle als Normenvorschlag aufbereitet und in den neuen europäischen Normentwurf prEN 1993‐1‐8 [3] aufgenommen. Ziel ist es, für Stumpfnähte ebenfalls ein verbessertes, realitätsnahes Bemessungsmodell speziell für höherfeste Stähle zu entwickeln. Bisher ist der rechnerische Nachweis im angeschlossenen Bauteil zu führen. Für Verbindungen höherfester Stähle wurde jedoch auch ein Versagen im Bereich der Wärmeeinflusszone selbst bei Overmatching‐Verbindungen beobachtet.
Albert Kahn, Stahlbau im Kontext der Moderne
Authors: Reichardt Jürgen
Published: April 2019

2019 ist das Jahr gleich zweier bedeutsamer Jubiläen: 100 Jahre seit Gründung des Bauhauses in Weimar, aber auch der 150. Geburtstag von Albert Kahn, dem wohl bedeutendsten Industriearchitekten der Moderne. 1869 in Rhaunen, Hunsrück geboren, 1880 mit seiner jüdischen Familie in die Neue Welt Amerika ausgewandert, schuf seine 1905 in Detroit gegründete Firma Kahn Associates bis zu seinem Tode 1943 weit über 2 000 Bauwerke, größtenteils industrielle Kathedralen in Stahl und Glas [1]. Im folgenden Beitrag sollen nach einem kurzen Rückblick auf markante Beispiele des europäischen industriellen Stahlbaus Mitte bis Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts einige dieser amerikanischen Stahlhallen, auch in ihrem Kontext zur Bauhaus‐Moderne, vorgestellt werden. Ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit orientiert sich diese Auswahl an der Anschauung des Hallenentwurfs als eine „Leistungsform”, die Aspekte wie Nutzung, Spannweite, Flexibilität, Bauzeit, Belichtung, Fördertechnik, Energie, Klima sowie die gerade im Industriebau gebotene Wirtschaftlichkeit innovativ zu einer ganzheitlichen Antwort integriert.
Dynamic performance evaluation of Shanghai Tower under winds based on full‐scale data
Authors: Wu Jie , Xu Hongjun , Zhang Qilin
Published: April 2019

Shanghai Tower is the tallest building in China with a height of 632 m. This study aims to investigate the wind characteristics and its impact on Shanghai Tower so as to provide useful information for the wind‐resistant design of 600 m+ super‐tall buildings. By analyzing the data of wind speed during the occurrence of DeHong in June 2017, the relationship between turbulence intensity and mean wind speed is verified, and the correlation between gust factor and turbulence intensity is confirmed. Apart from that, it is also found that the von Karman spectrum fits well with the measured fluctuating wind speed spectrum. In addition, the 83rd and 117th acceleration data are analyzed to obtain the natural frequency by peak‐picking, frequency domain decomposition, stochastic subspace identification, and fast Bayesian fast Fourier transform methods. The amplitude‐dependence dynamic parameters of Shanghai Tower on the basis of the field measurements are studied as well. Finally, the wind‐induced vibration is investigated based on the acceleration data and wind speed data, which verifies that the responses along two main axes having a similar amplitude under wind effects. The occurrence of DeHong demonstrates that a gale equivalent to a typhoon may occur in urban areas without any urban warning.
Address scheduling challenges with creative solutions
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: April 2019

If your college or university is like most, the majority of classes run on a block schedule, all starting at the beginning of the term and ending when the term ends. But sometimes there are reasons to vary from the typical pattern, and those create challenges for registrars.
Placental DNA methylation changes in detection of tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Bahado‐Singh R. , Vishweswaraiah S. , Mishra N. K. , Guda C. , Radhakrishna U.
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To determine whether the methylation level of cytosine nucleotides in placental DNA can be used to predict tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and provide insights into the developmental mechanism of this condition.

Methods

Tissue sections were obtained from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded specimens of placental tissue obtained at birth from eight cases with non‐chromosomal, non‐syndromic TOF and 10 unaffected newborns. The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip assay was used to measure cytosine (‘CpG’ or ‘cg’) methylation levels at loci throughout the placental genome. Differential methylation was assessed by comparing the β‐values (a measure of the extent of cytosine methylation) for individual CpG loci in fetuses with TOFvsin controls. The most discriminating CpG sites were determined based on a preset cut‐off of ≥ 2.0‐fold change in the methylation level. The predictive accuracy of CpG loci with significant methylation changes for TOF was determined by the area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC). A false‐discovery‐rate (FDR)P‐value < 0.05 was used to define a statistically significant difference in the methylation level. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) (Qiagen) was used to identify gene pathways that were significantly overexpressed, and thus altered, in TOF cases compared with controls.

Results

We found a total of 165 significantly differentially methylated CpG loci in TOF cases compared with controls, in 165 separate genes. These biomarkers demonstrated from fair to excellent individual predictive accuracy for TOF detection, with AUCs ≥ 0.75 (FDRP‐value < 0.001 for all). The following CpG loci (gene) had the highest predictive accuracy: cg05273049 (ARHGAP22; AUC = 1.00; 95% CI, 1.00–1.00), cg02540011 (CDK5; AUC = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.87–1.00), cg08404201 (TRIM27; AUC = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84–1.00) and cg00687252 (IER3; AUC = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84–1.00). IPA revealed over‐representation (dysregulation) of 14 gene pathways involved in normal cardiac development, including cardiomyocyte differentiation via bone morphogenetic protein receptors, cardiac hypertrophy signaling and role of nuclear factor of activated T cells in cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy is an important feature of TOF.

Conclusions

Analysis of placental DNA cytosine methylation changes yielded accurate markers for TOF detection and provided mechanistic information on TOF development. Our work appears to confirm the central role of epigenetic changes and of the placenta in the development of TOF. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Graßmannian integrals in Minkowski signature, amplitudes, and integrability
Authors: Kanning Nils , Staudacher Matthias
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We attempt to systematically derive tree-level scattering amplitudes in fourdimensional, planar, maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory from integrability. We first review the connections between integrable spin chains, Yangian invariance, and the construction of such invariants in terms of Graßmannian contour integrals. Building upon these results, we equip a class of Graßmannian integrals for general symmetry algebras with unitary integration contours. These contours emerge naturally by paying special attention to the proper reality conditions of the algebras. Specializing to

$$ \mathfrak{p}\mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{u}\left(2,2\Big|4\right) $$

p
s
u

2
,
2
|
4

and thus to maximal superconformal symmetry in Minkowski space, we find in a number of examples expressions similar to, but subtly different from the perturbative physical scattering amplitudes. Our results suggest a subtle breaking of Yangian invariance for the latter, with curious implications for their construction from integrability.
Quantum Lyapunov spectrum
Authors: Gharibyan Hrant , Hanada Masanori , Swingle Brian , Tezuka Masaki
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We introduce a simple quantum generalization of the spectrum of classical Lyapunov exponents. We apply it to the SYK and XXZ models, and study the Lyapunov growth and entropy production. Our numerical results suggest that a black hole is not just the fastest scrambler, but also the fastest entropy generator. We also study the statistical features of the quantum Lyapunov spectrum and find universal random matrix behavior, which resembles the recently-found universality in classical chaos. The random matrix behavior is lost when the system is deformed away from chaos, towards integrability or a many-body localized phase. We propose that quantum systems holographically dual to gravity satisfy this universality in a strong form. We further argue that the quantum Lyapunov spectrum contains important additional information beyond the largest Lyapunov exponent and hence provides us with a better characterization of chaos in quantum systems.
Differential effects of neurodegeneration biomarkers on subclinical cognitive decline
Authors: Merluzzi Andrew P. , Vogt Nicholas M. , Norton Derek , Jonaitis Erin , Clark Lindsay R. , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Johnson Sterling C. , Asthana Sanjay , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Bendlin Barbara B.
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Neurodegeneration appears to be the biological mechanism most proximate to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. We test whether t‐tau and alternative biomarkers of neurodegeneration—neurogranin and neurofilament light protein (NFL)—add value in predicting subclinical cognitive decline.

Methods

One hundred fifty cognitively unimpaired participants received a lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid and at least two neuropsychological examinations (mean age at first visit = 59.3 ± 6.3 years; 67% female). Linear mixed effects models were used with cognitive composite scores as outcomes. Neurodegeneration interactions terms were the primary predictors of interest: age × NFL or age × neurogranin or age × t‐tau. Models were compared using likelihood ratio tests.

Results

Age × NFL accounted for a significant amount of variation in longitudinal change on preclinical Alzheimer's cognitive composite scores, memory composite scores, and learning scores, whereas age × neurogranin and age × t‐tau did not.

Discussion

These data suggest that NFL may be more sensitive to subclinical cognitive decline compared to other proposed biomarkers for neurodegeneration.
Jesuit and gentleman planter: Ingle’s rebellion and the litigation of Thomas Copley S.J.
Authors: Kilburn Helen
Published: April 2019

Father Thomas Copley S.J. (d. 1652) was born in Madrid in 1595/6 to an exiled English Catholic family. He joined the Maryland mission in 1637 under the alias Philip Fisher. In 1645 in the midst of the English Civil War, Richard Ingle, captain of the Reformation and under the authority of a Parliamentary Letter of Marque, plundered Maryland. Ingle, who mostly pursued wealthy Catholics, brought to England under arrest the Jesuit priests Thomas Copley and Andrew White on charges related to the legislation, An Act Against Jesuits, Seminary Priests and Other Such Disobedient Persons (1585). This article examines the proceedings of the High Court of Admiralty and the High Court of Chancery that relate to Ingle’s Rebellion (1645-1646). In particular, it examines the methods employed by Fr. Copley not only to escape execution but also to pursue Richard Ingle for damages to property and person. It therefore delineates the intersections between national allegiance, civil rights, and confessional adherence in Catholic and non-Catholic imaginations in both England and her empire. Importantly, this case study illustrates how English Jesuits navigated and used an immature English imperial jurisprudence to their advantage.
Father Clement, the Religious Novel, and the Form of Protestant-Catholic Controversy
Authors: Burstein Miriam Elizabeth
Published: April 2019

Grace Kennedy’s anti-Catholic novelFather Clement: A Roman Catholic Story(1823) stands almost alone in the nineteenth century when it comes to evidence not only for its reception, but also its use and success, or lack thereof, as a proselytization and devotional tool. The novel’s form and polemical strategies exerted a powerful influence on both Catholic and Protestant writers, popularizing the controversial novel across denominations. In particular,Father Clement’s celebration of prooftexting rooted insola scripturaas the best method of religious disputation helped end the earlier nineteenth-century “polite” novel’s emphasis on non-confrontational, genteel sociability. But as its Protestant and Catholic reception histories suggest, the novel’s ambivalent treatment of its title character, along with its overt didacticism, led to appropriations that Kennedy could not have predicted.Father Clementcatalyzed resistance amongst Catholic readers and novelists, some of whom were inspired by the title character to creatively reinterpret the novel as a brief for Catholicism, others of whom turned to Biblical quotation as a means of undoingsola scripturaaltogether. Thus, if the novel predictably generated Protestant imitations, it also led Catholics to new experiments in controversial rhetoric and fiction.
Repercussions of negatively selective migration for the behavior of non-migrants when preferences are social
Authors: Stark Oded , Budzinski Wiktor
Published: April 2019

We study how the work effort and output of non-migrants in a village economy are affected when a member of the village population migrates. Given that individuals dislike low relative income, and that migration modifies the social space of the non-migrants, we show why and how the non-migrants adjust their work effort and output in response to the migration-generated change in their social space. When migration is negatively selective such that the least productive individual departs, the output of the non-migrants increases. While as a consequence of this migration statically calculated average productivity rises, we identify a dynamic repercussion that compounds the static one.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Africa: a hidden danger
Authors: Paruk Imran M. , Pirie Fraser J. , Motala Ayesha A.
Published: April 2019

There is a dearth of data on the burden and spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in African populations. The limited available information suggests that the prevalence of NAFLD in the general population is lowest for the Africa region. However, this is likely to be an underestimate and also does not take into consideration the long-term impact of rising rates of obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and high human immunodeficiency virus infection burden in Africa. A racial disparity in the prevalence of NAFLD has been observed in some studies but remains unexplained. There is an absence of data from population-based studies in Africa and this highlights the need for such studies, to reliably define the health service needs for this region. Screening for NAFLD at a population-based level using ultrasound is perhaps the ideal method for resource-poor settings because of its relative cost-effectiveness. What is required as a priority from Africa, are well-designed epidemiologic studies that screen for NAFLD in the general population as well as high-risk groups such as patients with T2DM or obesity.
A multilevel analysis of change in hatred of academic work during high school: focusing on the sociocultural background of Korea
Authors: Lee Minyoung , Cho Soohyun , Lee Sang Min
Published: April 2019

Development of academic hatred was examined at four time points across 7 months among 1,015 South Korean high school students. A multilevel growth model showed that the baseline of, and change in, academic hatred varied across individuals and classrooms. At the individual level, gender, parents’ academic pressure, depression, and test anxiety were related to the initial level of academic hatred; gender and test anxiety were associated with a decrease in academic hatred over time. At the class level, lower socio-economic status and higher teachers’ autonomy support were associated with a lower baseline of academic hatred, and higher teachers’ autonomy support decreased academic hatred. Influence mechanisms of protective and risk factors on students’ academic hatred can be considered for strategic and policy interventions.
Political representation and effects of municipal mergers
Authors: Harjunen Oskari , Saarimaa Tuukka , Tukiainen Janne
Published: April 2019

We study the effects of municipal mergers using novel geocoded data on local public sector jobs and local politicians' place of residence. We find that the mergers had no effects on municipal expenditures overall after eight years. However, the mergers led to highly unequal geographic political representation in the post-merger councils among the merged municipalities. Small and politically marginalized municipalities experienced a substantial reduction in local public jobs in administration and health and social care services relative to the municipalities with stronger representation. Development of house prices suggests that the quality of the service-tax bundle deteriorated in these politically marginalized municipalities.
Performance of Home-Made Single-Stage 14C AMS System at CIAE
Authors: He Ming , Pang Yijun , Bao Yiwen , Li Kangning , Jiang Shan , You Qubo , Su Shengyong , Hu Yueming , Zhao Qingzhang , Wang Xiaoming
Published: April 2019

The second home-made single stage accelerator mass spectrometer (SSAMS) system dedicated to radiocarbon (14C) measurements was built after the first SSAMS system was moved to Guangxi Normal University. With some improvements to the second SSAMS system, the performance has been improved. With the conditions of total ion energy of 200KeV, ions charge states of 1+ and helium as stripper gas, 14C measurements with precision of 0.5% and a background level of 0.5 pMC were achieved. Details of the system and the experimental performance are given here.
Pack Your Politics! Assessing the Vote Choice of Latino Interstate Migrants
Authors: Preuhs Robert R.
Published: April 2019

While popular narratives regarding the destiny of demographics assume Latino interstate migrants will alter destination state politics as Latinos disperse across the states, no studies directly assess the empirical validity of the underlying assumption of migrant's political preferences. Moreover, established theories of domestic migrant preferences suggest a variety of potential individual-level behaviors that often diverge from the underlying assumption of a uniform introduction of more liberal voters. Employing data from the 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey, this study presents an analysis on Latino interstate migrant voting behavior, while also overcoming a variety of data limitations in existing studies. Countering some previous findings that homophily, adaptation, or even a static liberal orientation describes migrant voting behavior, the results suggest that Latino interstate migrant preferences vary by the political context of their previous state of residence. The results imply that the destiny of demographics will be conditioned, to some extent, by the migratory patterns of Latinos and the dyad of departure and destination states. When Latinos leave liberal (conservative) states, they bring more liberal (conservative) policies. In short, Latinos seem to pack their politics when moving across state lines.
Feeding habits and trophic status of Merluccius hubbsi along the northernmost limit of its distribution in the South-western Atlantic
Authors: Costa Paulo A. S. , Braga Adriana C. , Malavolti Giovanna S. , Franco Marcos A. L. , Gatts Pedro V. , Batista Andressa , Rezende Carlos E.
Published: April 2019

Stomach contents analysis and stable isotope results indicate M. hubbsi is a generalist predator that feeds mainly on demersal fishes, followed by crustaceans and cephalopods. Ontogenetic changes in diet were identified, with fish importance increasing in the diet with hake size. Smaller hake (<250 mm) fed mostly on the sepiolid Semirossia tenera (89.45%IRI) and engraulid fish (89.96%IRI). Mid-sized hake (250–300 mm) fed mainly on benthic fish such as Bellator brachychir (95.63%IRI) and euphausiids (56.46%IRI), while larger hake (>300 mm) fed heavily on Dactylopterus volitans (94.80%IRI) and occasionally on a variety of teleosts. Significant correlations between δ13C (P < 0.05), THg (P < 0.001) and hake size occurred, whereas no relationship was observed between δ15N and hake size or δ15N and total mercury. Signatures were lowest in smaller hake with a tendency of increasing with size. Smaller and larger hake were significantly different in δ13C. Differences regarding isotopic niche width were quantified for each size group; trophic diversity and trophic redundancy among them were negligible, but hake >300 mm possibly have a larger feeding plasticity due to the combination of prey from a wide trophic level range.
Self-induced ionization injection LWFA and generation of sub-fs electron bunches with few-cycle sub-TW laser pulses
Authors: Papp D. , Hafz N.A.M. , Kamperidis C.
Published: April 2019

We investigate an ionization injection scheme in a “weakly” non-linear regime of a wakefield, driven by sub-TW, few-cycle laser pulses in a single-stage, high-Z gas. This medium simultaneously provides the background wake fluid electrons from its lower ionization states and the necessary dephased electrons from its higher ionization states. Two dimensional-particle-in-cell simulations show the generation of relativistic electron beamlets having up to 15 MeV peak energy, with a narrow energy-spread and sub-fs duration. Since the currently-available sub-TW, few-cycle laser systems operate at kHz repetition rates, the presented scheme is capable of producing kHz attosecond electron bunches and their associated radiations which can find unique applications, for instance, in attosecond diffraction and microscopy.
Robust Active Disturbance Rejection Control For Flexible Link Manipulator
Authors: Fareh Raouf , Al-Shabi Mohammad , Bettayeb Maamar , Ghommam Jawhar
Published: April 2019

This paper presents an advanced robust active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for flexible link manipulator (FLM) to track desired trajectories in the joint space and minimize the link’s vibrations. It has been shown that the ADRC technique has a very good disturbance rejection capability. Both the internal dynamics and the external disturbances can be estimated and compensated in real time. The proposed robust ADRC control law is developed to solve the problems existing in the original version of the ADRC related to the disturbance estimation errors and the variation of the parameters. Indeed, these parameters cannot be included in the existing disturbances and then be estimated by the extended state observer. The proposed control law is based on the sliding mode technique, which considers the uncertainties in the control gains and disturbance estimation errors. Lyapunov theory is used to prove the closed-loop stability of the system. The proposed control strategy is simulated and tested experimentally on one FLM. The effect of the observer bandwidth on the system performance is simulated and studied to select the best values of the bandwidth frequency. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed robust ADRC has better performance than the traditional ADRC.
Modelling incomplete neutralisation with weighted phonetic constraints
Authors: Braver Aaron
Published: April 2019

Incomplete neutralisation presents a problem for classical modular feed-forward grammars: it results in surface phonetic distinctions between phonologically neutralised segments. This paper argues for a model of incomplete neutralisation using two independently motivated theoretical devices: paradigm uniformity and weighted phonetic constraints. A case study is presented, showing that Japanese monomoraic lengthening results in incomplete neutralisation: when monomoraic nouns with short vowels are lengthened to fill a bimoraic minimality requirement, they reach a duration intermediate between that of unlengthened short vowels and underlyingly long vowels. The Japanese case has properties distinct from other classically cited examples of incomplete neutralisation such as final devoicing, which are not predicted by previous theories of neutralisation. The Weighted Paradigm Uniformity theory of incomplete neutralisation is shown to make four unique predictions, and is argued to better capture the typology of incomplete neutralisation.
General Synod of the Church of England
Authors: Slack Stephen
Published: April 2019

This report covers the groups of sessions held in February 2018 and July 2018. Both meetings again saw significant amounts of legislative business, with a number of items giving effect to proposals emerging from the simplification strand of the Archbishops’ Council's ‘Renewal and Reform’ programme or directed in other respects at simplifying or streamlining the Church's substantial body of statute law. Indeed, such has been the level of legislative activity over the last two years that in the course of 2018 no fewer than nine Measures have been enacted – the highest number in a single year since the Church acquired the ability to make Measures having the force and effect of an Act of Parliament under the Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ABOUT GENERALIZED QUANTIFIERS IN LOGICS OF IMPERFECT INFORMATION
Authors: BARBERO FAUSTO
Published: April 2019

We analyse the two definitions of generalized quantifiers for logics of dependence and independence that have been proposed by F. Engström, comparing them with a more general, higher order definition of team quantifier. We show that Engström’s definitions (and other quantifiers from the literature) can be identified, by means of appropriate lifts, with special classes of team quantifiers. We point out that the new team quantifiers express a quantitative and a qualitative component, while Engström’s quantifiers only range over the latter. We further argue that Engström’s definitions are just embeddings of the first-order generalized quantifiers into team semantics, and fail to capture an adequate notion of team-theoretical generalized quantifier, save for the special cases in which the quantifiers are applied to flat formulas. We also raise several doubts concerning the meaningfulness of the monotone/nonmonotone distinction in this context. In the appendix we develop some proof theory for Engström’s quantifiers.
Cyclotron Acceleration of Relativistic Electrons Through Landau Resonance With Obliquely Propagating Whistler‐Mode Chorus Emissions
Authors: Omura Yoshiharu , Hsieh Yi‐Kai , Foster John C. , Erickson Philip J. , Kletzing Craig A. , Baker Daniel N.
Published: April 2019

Efficient acceleration of relativistic electrons at Landau resonance with obliquely propagating whistler‐mode chorus emissions is confirmed by theory, simulation, and observation. The acceleration is due to the perpendicular component of the wave electric field. We first review theoretical analysis of nonlinear motion of resonant electrons interacting with obliquely propagating whistler‐mode chorus. We have derived formulae of inhomogeneity factors for Landau and cyclotron resonances to analyze nonlinear wave trapping of energetic electrons by an obliquely propagating chorus element. We performed test particle simulations to confirm that nonlinear wave trapping by both Landau and cyclotron resonances can take place for a wide range of energies. For an element of large amplitude chorus waves observed by the Van Allen Probes, we have performed detailed analyses of the wave form data based on theoretical framework of nonlinear trapping of resonant electrons. We compare the efficiencies of accelerations by cyclotron and Landau resonances. We find significant acceleration can take place both in Landau and cyclotron resonances. What controls the dynamics of relativistic electrons in the Landau resonance is the perpendicular field components rather than the parallel electric field of the oblique chorus wave. In evaluating the efficiency of nonlinear trapping, we have taken into account variation of the wave trapping potential structure controlled by the inhomogeneity factors.
Reconstructing Extensional Basin Architecture and Provenance in the Marrakech High Atlas of Morocco: Implications for Rift Basins and Inversion Tectonics
Authors: Perez Nicholas D. , Teixell Antonio , Gómez‐Gras David , Stockli Daniel F.
Published: April 2019

The Moroccan Atlas developed through a multiphase tectonic history including Permian‐Jurassic continental rifting and Cretaceous‐Cenozoic intracontinental shortening. New detrital zircon (DZ) U–Pb geochronologic results from the Ourika‐Zat region in the Marrakech High Atlas constrain the sediment provenance of prerift sediment sources and synrift and postrift basin fill. Prerift Precambrian‐Cambrian units contain Neoproterozoic DZ from the Pan‐African orogeny. Ordovician rocks contain diagnostic 0.95‐ to 1.28‐Ga DZ that are absent in the West African Craton, suggesting distal sediment sources. Permian rift basin fill contains Permian zircons that constrain maximum deposition age and diagnostic of northern Meseta domain sediment sources. New mapping and cross‐section construction demonstrate that Permian basin fill accumulated in a half‐graben above a southward dipping normal fault that likely guided subsequent inversion. Triassic rift basin fill thickens southward, above a likely northward dipping normal fault. The change in rift basin geometry was accompanied by catchment reorganization, the introduction of southern rift flank sediment sources, and subbasin integration. The southern catchment expanded to encompass Meso‐Archean rocks of the Reguibat Shield situated >800 km southward. Existing and new provenance results from postrift strata document onset of recycling of Atlas rift basin fill during the mid‐Cretaceous and before the onset of compressional inversion. These results highlight the interaction between deformation and sediment routing in an extensional basin and sediment dispersal patterns across continental margins during multiphase deformation. Stratigraphic, structural, and provenance characteristics reveal that the Atlas rift shares similarities with high‐angle and supradetachment basin models, emphasizing the diverse nature of extensional styles.
The Influence of Rainfall and Catchment Critical Scales on Urban Hydrological Response Sensitivity
Authors: Cristiano Elena , ten Veldhuis Marie‐claire , Wright Daniel B. , Smith James A. , van de Giesen Nick
Published: April 2019

Interactions between spatial and temporal variability of rainfall and catchment characteristics strongly influence hydrological response. In urban areas, where runoff generation is fast due to high imperviousness degree, it is especially relevant to capture the high spatiotemporal rainfall variability. Significant progress has been made in the development of spatially distributed rainfall measurements and of distributed hydrological models, to represent the variability of catchment's characteristics. Interactions between rainfall and basin scales on hydrological response sensitivity, however, needs deeper investigation. A previous study investigated the hydrological response in the small urbanized catchment of Cranbrook (8 km2, London, UK) and proposed three dimensionless “scale factors” to identify if the available rainfall resolution is sufficient to properly predict hydrological response. We aim to verify the applicability of these scale factors to larger scales, with a distinct physiographic setting, in Little Sugar Creek (111 km2, Charlotte, USA), to identify the required rainfall resolution and to predict model performance. Twenty‐eight events were selected from a weather radar data set from the National Weather Radar Network, with a resolution of 1 km2 and 15 min. Rainfall data were aggregated to coarser resolutions and used as input for a distributed hydrological model. Results show that scale factors and associated thresholds are generally applicable for characterization of urban flood response to rainfall across spatiotemporal scales. Additionally, application of scale factors in observation‐based analysis supports identification of event characteristics that are poorly captured and critical improvements that need to be made before the model can benefit from high‐resolution rainfall.
A Uniform Practice for Conceptualizing and Communicating Food‐Energy‐Water Nexus Studies
Authors: Gunda T. , Tidwell V. C.
Published: April 2019

There is growing interest in nexus research: energy‐water, energy‐water‐land, and more recently food‐energy‐water. Motivating this movement is the recognition that the dynamics and feedbacks that constitute these nexuses have been overlooked in the past but are critical to the planning and management of these interacting elements. Formal reviews have identified gaps in current studies. In this commentary, we highlight additional oversights that are hindering integration of findings in nexus studies, notably usage of imprecise terminology to describe analyses, a failure to close the loop by linking production with corresponding waste streams, and exclusion of dynamics linking diverse constituent elements. Equally lacking from current nexus studies is a consistent protocol for communicating the conceptual basis of our studies. To fill this gap, we draw on diverse perspectives and fields to propose a comprehensive and systematic framework that can guide the model conceptualization phase of nexus studies. We also present a standardized documentation practice (similar to one utilized by the agent‐based modeling community) to facilitate communication of nexus studies. These initiatives can improve our ability to account for and communicate the nuanced, food‐energy‐water nexus interactions in a consistent manner, which is necessary to better inform risk analysis and avoid decisions with unintended consequences and hidden costs to society.
Pathways for Ecological Change in Canadian High Arctic Wetlands Under Rapid Twentieth Century Warming
Authors: Sim T. G. , Swindles G. T. , Morris P. J. , Gałka M. , Mullan D. , Galloway J. M.
Published: April 2019

We use paleoecological techniques to investigate how Canadian High Arctic wetlands responded to a mid‐twentieth century increase in growing degree days. We observe an increase in wetness, moss diversity, and carbon accumulation in a polygon mire trough, likely related to ice wedge thaw. Contrastingly, the raised center of the polygon mire showed no clear response. Wet and dry indicator testate amoebae increased concomitantly in a valley fen, possibly relating to greater inundation from snowmelt followed by increasing evapotranspiration. This occurred alongside the appearance of generalist hummock mosses. A coastal fen underwent a shift from sedge to shrub dominance. The valley and coastal fens transitioned from minerogenic to organic‐rich wetlands prior to the growing degree days increase. A subsequent shift to moss dominance in the coastal fen may relate to intensive grazing from Arctic geese. Our findings highlight the complex response of Arctic wetlands to warming and have implications for understanding their future carbon sink potential.
On the Statistics of Acceleration and Loss of Relativistic Electrons in the Outer Radiation Belt: A Superposed Epoch Analysis
Authors: Katsavrias C. , Daglis I. A. , Li W.
Published: April 2019

We investigate the response of the outer Van Allen belt electrons to various types of solar wind and magnetospheric disturbances. We use electron phase space density calculations as well as concurrent Pc5 and chorus wave activity observations in the outer belt during the Van Allen Probes era to compare 20 electron enhancement and 8 depletion events. Results indicate that the combined effect of magnetopause shadowing and outward diffusion driven by Pc5 waves is present in both groups of events. Furthermore, in the case of enhancement events, the synergy of enhanced seed population levels and chorus activity—due to the enhanced substorm activity—can effectively replenish the losses of relativistic electrons, while inward diffusion can further accelerate them.
Equatorial Magnetosonic Waves Observed by Cluster Satellites: The Chirikov Resonance Overlap Criterion
Authors: Aryan Homayon , Walker Simon N. , Balikhin Michael A. , Yearby Keith H.
Published: April 2019

Magnetosonic waves play an important role on the overall dynamics of relativistic radiation belt electrons. Numerical codes modeling the evolution of the radiation belts often account for wave‐particle interaction with magnetosonic waves. The diffusion coefficients incorporated in these codes are generally estimated based on the results of statistical surveys of the occurrence and amplitude of these waves. These statistical models assume that the spectrum of the magnetosonic waves can be considered as continuous in frequency space. This assumption can only be valid if the discrete nature of the waves satisfy the Chirikov overlap criterion. Otherwise, the assumption of a continuous frequency spectrum could produce erroneous results in wave models and hence estimates of the electron diffusion coefficients used in numerical models of the inner magnetosphere. Recently, it was demonstrated, through a case study conducted on a single short (10 s) period snapshot within a longer wave event, that the discrete nature of the equatorial magnetosonic waves do satisfy the Chirikov overlap criterion and so the assumption of a continuous frequency spectrum is valid for the calculation of diffusion coefficients. This paper expands this study to a broader range of time with many magnetosonic wave events to determine whether the discrete nature of the waves always satisfy the Chirikov overlap criterion. The results show that most, but not all, discrete magnetosonic emissions satisfy the Chirikov overlap criterion. Therefore, the use of the continuous spectrum, employed in quasi‐linear theory, may not always be justified.