bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma Total Homocysteine and its Relationship with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Bryan Stephanie , Parasher Raju , Cahil Terrence , Zipp P.T. Genevieve Pinto
Published: December 2013

Physical inactivity, overweight, and obesity are serious issues plaguing the American public. The extent to which regular yoga participation may be associated with the adoption and maintenance of health enhancing behaviors necessitates further investigation. Through a mixed method of inquiry, this study investigated the exercise and eating habits of adults who participate in yoga on a regular basis exploring facets of mindful eating, exercise habits, and body mass index. Survey packets were distributed across seven yoga studios and fitness facilities in central New Jersey; 87 adults with a mean age of 47 years self-selected to participate. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected including a Mindful Eating Questionnaire, a 7-Day Physical Activity Recall, height and weight, yoga tenure recorded in months/years of consistent yoga participation, and average daily fruit and vegetable intake. Results showed that mindful eating was inversely correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI) and that 72% of the yoga participants had a BMI of 24.9 or less, placing them in the normal weight category. A significant difference existed in mindful eating score relative to yoga tenure and vegetable and fruit intake relative to yoga tenure. Participants reported a mean of 239 minutes of weekly exercise other than yoga participation. Qualitative data were collected through two open-ended questions to ascertain the participants’ perceptions of yoga and their health-related behaviors; the data revealed that 87% of participants felt yoga enhanced their exercise adherence and 91% reported yoga promoted the adoption of positive health habits. The results suggest that yoga participation is associated with mindful eating and the adoption and maintenance of other positive health-related outcomes such as regular physical activity and weight management.
Plasma Total Homocysteine and its Relationship with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Obersby D. , Chappell D.C. , Tsiami A.A.
Published: December 2013

Aims: The specific aim of this review was to compile the first systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses from a range of studies that evaluates the evidence that elevated homocysteine may be a risk factor for CVD.
Data Synthesis: 379 entries were identified by initial screening using set criteria revealing eleven meta-analyses, one systematic review, two systematic reviews/meta-analyses and ten other studies, between 1994 and 2013.These studies compared homocysteine levels and its relationship with twelve different types of CVD chronic conditions. Final methodological quality assessment was conducted independently using the instrument AMSTAR for the systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The remaining studies were assessed using data extraction tools from JBI QARI, Appendix 2 & 4 packages.
Conclusions: From the selected studies, 82.8% of the CVD conditions demonstrated that epidemiologic and clinical data strongly indicated that elevated homocysteine levels is a risk factor for primary CVD. 71.4% of the CVD conditions demonstrated that plasma tHcy can be employed as an independent biomarker. Despite 46.2% of the CVD conditions finding that reducing plasma tHcy lowers the risk of many CVD events, it remains unclear whether the reduction in plasma tHcy will reduce the risk of some CVD events; it is therefore considered prudent to take precautionary measures to aim for normal levels of homocysteine to avoid the risk of developing or exacerbating CVD. Moreover, it was shown that levels of homocysteine can be profoundly affected by diet, supplementation and lifestyle.
The present study will help to clarify the present scientific understanding of this subject.
Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour) Extracts Affect Microbial and Fungus Activities
Authors: Khan Khattak Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan , Taher Muhammad , Damanik Rizal , Abdulrahman Suzanah , Bakar Ibrahim Abu , Yahaya Azhary
Published: December 2013

Coleus also known as Torbangun or Ati Ati plants leaves i.e. Coleus amboinicus Lour from Indonesia (CAL-I) and Coleus aromaticus (CAT-M), Pogostemon cablin (PC-M), Coleus blumei–red leaves (CBR-M), Coleus amboinicus– (CAL-M) Coleus blumei –purple leaves (CBP-M) from Malaysia were collected, freeze dried and extracted with aqueous methanol. The effect of the extract was assessed on microbial and fungal activities in relation to their phytochemicals and antioxidants concentrations. The total phenolic content was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method whilst antioxidant activity was assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The anti-microbial and anti-fungal activities were assessed by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and disc diffusion methods. The result indicates that the extracts are rich sources of phytochemicals and antioxidants from the listed plants. When the effect of the extracts was assessed on microbial and fungal activities it was observed that the effect was more pronounced on the gram-positive bacteria compared to gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, there was strong association between phytochemicals and antioxidants concentration and with the microbial and fungal activities. However, it was not consistent for all types of strains. This study shows that Torbangun plants extracts are rich in phenolic contents therefore; it can be used as free radical scavengers and antimicrobial agent apart from other traditional uses
Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Application of Fish Collagen and Gelatin: A Review
Authors: Jeevithan Elango , Qingbo Zhao , Bao Bin , Wu Wenhui
Published: December 2013

In last decade, more research has been conducted in order to find the better way for utilizing the wastes product generated from food processing industries. The increasing demand of industrial by-products is one of the main reasons for the conversion of these wastes into valuable products. Among the different valuable products from the waste, the extraction of collagen and gelatin could be a better way of utilizing the wastes, due to their effective applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. The most abundant source of collagen and gelatin are land-based animals, such as cow and pig. However, the extraction of collagen and gelatin from non-mammalian sources such as fish has been high influences in current society due to some religious and disease transmission issues. Many studies have dealt with the extraction and functional properties of collagen and gelatin from fish wastes. The present work is a compilation of information on biomedical and pharmaceutical application of collagen and gelatin from fish processing wastes.
The transcriptional regulator BZR1 mediates trade-off between plant innate immunity and growth
Authors: Lozano-Durán Rosa , Macho Alberto P , Boutrot Freddy , Segonzac Cécile , Somssich Imre E , Zipfel Cyril
Published: December 2013

The molecular mechanisms underlying the trade-off between plant innate immunity and steroid-mediated growth are controversial. Here, we report that activation of the transcription factor BZR1 is required and sufficient for suppression of immune signaling by brassinosteroids (BR). BZR1 induces the expression of several WRKY transcription factors that negatively control early immune responses. In addition, BZR1 associates with WRKY40 to mediate the antagonism between BR and immune signaling. We reveal that BZR1-mediated inhibition of immunity is particularly relevant when plant fast growth is required, such as during etiolation. Thus, BZR1 acts as an important regulator mediating the trade-off between growth and immunity upon integration of environmental cues.
Interaction of plasticity and circuit organization during the acquisition of cerebellum-dependent motor learning
Authors: Yang Yan , Lisberger Stephen G
Published: December 2013

Motor learning occurs through interactions between the cerebellar circuit and cellular plasticity at different sites. Previous work has established plasticity in brain slices and suggested plausible sites of behavioral learning. We now reveal what actually happens in the cerebellum during short-term learning. We monitor the expression of plasticity in the simple-spike firing of cerebellar Purkinje cells during trial-over-trial learning in smooth pursuit eye movements of monkeys. Our findings imply that: 1) a single complex-spike response driven by one instruction for learning causes short-term plasticity in a Purkinje cell’s mossy fiber/parallel-fiber input pathways; 2) complex-spike responses and simple-spike firing rate are correlated across the Purkinje cell population; and 3) simple-spike firing rate at the time of an instruction for learning modulates the probability of a complex-spike response, possibly through a disynaptic feedback pathway to the inferior olive. These mechanisms may participate in long-term motor learning.
Probing the phenomics of noncoding RNA
Authors: Mattick John S
Published: December 2013

Genetic knockout experiments on mice confirm that some long noncoding RNA molecules have developmental functions.
Low-polarization dependent thermo-optic phase-shift in slow light Bragg reflector waveguide for beam steering and optical switching
Authors: Fuchida Ayumi , Matsutani Akihiro , Ahmed Moustafa , Bakry Ahmed , Koyama Fumio
Published: December 2013

We demonstrate an electro-thermally tunable phase-shift in a slow-light Bragg reflector waveguide with large waveguide dispersion. The group index and phase shift are measured from the interference fringe between the reflection of input light and the output light in a 20-µm-long slow light waveguide. An electro-thermally tunable phase shift is over π in a compact 20-µm-long waveguide with power consumption below 30 mW. The result shows the low polarization dependence of the phase shift owing to the low polarization dependent group index of the slow-light Bragg reflector waveguide.
Modified transmission-line method for evaluation of the contact resistance: Effect of channel-length-dependent threshold voltage
Authors: Weis Martin , Lee Keanchuan , Taguchi Dai , Manaka Takaaki , Iwamoto Mitsumasa
Published: December 2013

A modified transmission-line method (TLM) for organic field-effect transistors (OFET) contact resistance extraction is proposed. It is shown that the standard TLM approach can provide even the apparent negative contact resistance due to assumption of linear channel-length-dependence of the channel resistance and constant threshold voltage. This can be corrected by the modified TLM, where effect of channel-length-dependent threshold voltage is included with taking into account the dielectric nature of the active layer of OFETs. Obtained results illustrate the need of the threshold voltage discussion for contact resistance evaluation and demonstrate modified TLM approach as more reliable extraction method.
Fabrication of n- and p-channel step-edge vertical-channel transistors by electrospray deposition
Authors: Yamauchi Hiroshi , Sakai Masatoshi , Kuniyoshi Shigekazu , Kudo Kazuhiro
Published: December 2013

Step-edge vertical-channel organic field-effect transistors (SVC-OFETs) with a very short channel have been fabricated by a novel electrospray deposition (ESD) method. ESD is the direct patterning process in which a solution is sprayed by using an electric field between the nozzle and electrodes formed on samples. The electrosprayed solution accumulates on the electrode pattern, and SVC-FETs based on 6,13-bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) and a ZnO layer formed by ESD showed typical p- and n-channel FET characteristics, respectively. The results demonstrate that this ESD direct wet patterning is a useful method for complementary inverters and integrated circuit applications.
Improvement of solvent affinity for graphene derivatives by solution plasma process
Authors: Uchino Seiko , Sakaguchi Koichi , Ohtake Asami , Takisawa Noboru , Nakashima Tatsurou , Era Masanao , Matsuda Naoki
Published: December 2013

A solution plasma (SP) process was employed to obtain hydrophilic graphene derivatives. Three different SP treatment time durations of 5, 10, and 15 min were applied as the experimental parameter to a sample solution including graphite in 9% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) aqueous solution. The prepared graphene derivatives showed high dispersibility in contrast to that from natural graphite. The average particle size and absolute value of zeta potential of the obtained samples decreased as the SP treatment time increased. The particle size of SP-treated graphene derivatives in the supernatant linearly decreased depending on the SP treatment duration. The required particle size between 1.6 and 2.5 µm was obtained by SP treatment (i.e., reaction control was achieved). It was clearly shown that the necessary reaction time for graphene treatment using SP processing was much shorter than that by the modified Hummers method.
Magnetic field effects on photoelectrochemical reactions of electrodes modified with thin films consisting of conductive polymers
Authors: Yonemura Hiroaki , Takata Masayuki , Yamada Sunao
Published: December 2013

The magnetic field effects (MFEs) on the photoelectrochemical reactions of electrodes modified with nanowires consisting of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), disordered P3HT films without and with annealing treatment, and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) films were examined. In P3HT, the photocurrent increased in the presence of a magnetic field. The magnitude of the MFEs increased in the following order of modified electrodes: P3HT nanowires, P3HT films with annealing treatment, P3HT films without annealing treatment. The difference in the MFEs is most likely to be attributable to the capability of hole hopping between adjacent thiophenes. On the other hand, in MEH-PPV, the photocurrent decreased in the presence of a magnetic field. The MFEs on the photoelectrochemical reactions of electrodes modified with P3HT and MEH-PPV are explained by the polaron pair mechanism. The difference in the MFEs between P3HT and MEH-PPV is ascribed to the spin multiplicity of the polaron pairs.
High-sensitivity surface plasmon resonance sensors utilizing high-refractive-index silver nanoparticle sheets
Authors: Tanaka Daisuke , Shinohara Shuhei , Usukura Eiji , Wang Pangpang , Okamoto Koichi , Tamada Kaoru
Published: December 2013

We propose an idea for improving the angular sensitivity of Kretschmann-type surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors through the use of high-refractive-index silver nanoparticle (AgNP) sheets on metal substrates. According to Fresnel simulations, the angular sensitivity will be improved threefold by using the multilayered AgNP coating on gold or silver substrates. We confirmed the validity of this method by a model measurement with a SiO2 sputtered film, which has a refractive index similar to that of organic or biological molecules. This simple technique will contribute to realizing a high-sensitivity SPR sensor, especially for the detection of small molecules.
(Poly)phenols and brain health – beyond their antioxidant capacity
Authors: Hunt Thomas , Pontifex Matthew G. , Vauzour David
Published: July 2024

(Poly)phenols are a group of naturally occurring phytochemicals present in high amounts in plant food and beverages with various structures and activities. The impact of (poly)phenols on brain function has gained significant attention due to the growing interest in the potential benefits of these dietary bioactive molecules for cognitive health and neuroprotection. This review will therefore summarise the current knowledge related to the impact of (poly)phenols on brain health presenting evidence from both epidemiological and clinical studies. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in relation to the observed effects will also be described, including their impact on the gut microbiota through the modulation of the gut‐brain axis. Although (poly)phenols have the potential to modulate the gut‐brain axis regulation and influence cognitive function and decline through their interactions with gut microbiota, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, further research, including randomised controlled trials and mechanistic studies, is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and establish causal relationships between (poly)phenol intake and brain health.
ALS Identified: two‐year findings from a sponsored ALS genetic testing program
Authors: Goutman Stephen A. , Goyal Namita A. , Payne Katelyn , Paisán‐Ruiz Coro , Kupelian Varant , Kang Melissa L. , Mitchell Adele A. , Fecteau Teresa E.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To report initial results from the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Identified genetic testing (GT) program on characteristics of individuals tested and frequency of reported disease‐causing variants.

Methods

ALS Identified used the Invitae Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis panel (Invitae, San Francisco, CA, USA) to assay 22 ALS‐associated genes. Sponsored by Biogen (Cambridge, MA, USA), the program was launched in June 2021 and was available at no charge to individuals ≥18 years in the United States and Puerto Rico with an ALS diagnosis or a known family history of ALS. Deidentified data were available to Biogen.

Results

As of 26 October 2023, 998 healthcare professionals ordered the panel at 681 unique care sites. Of 8054 individuals examined, 7483 (92.9%) were reported to have a clinical diagnosis of ALS, while 571 (7.1%) were asymptomatic relatives. Of the individuals with a clinical ALS diagnosis, 57.7% were male (n = 4319) and 42.3% female (n = 3164). Mean (SD) age at diagnosis is 62 (13) years. Out of the 7483 clinically diagnosed individuals, 1810 (24.2%) showed genetic variations in ALS‐associated genes. Among these, 865 individuals (47.8%) carried pathogenic variants, and 44 (2.4%) had likely pathogenic variants, totaling 12.1% of the clinically diagnosed population.

Interpretation

Since 2021 there has been robust uptake and sustained use of the ALS Identified program, one of the largest samples of people with ALS to date across the United States, demonstrating the interest and need for genetic ALS testing.
Gold Nanocluster: A Photoelectric Converter for X‐Ray‐Activated Chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Fangman , Ruan Feixia , Xie Xiaochun , Lu Junna , Sun Wen , Shao Dan , Chen Meiwan
Published: July 2024

Despite the promise of activatable chemotherapy, the development of a spatiotemporally controllable strategy for prodrug activation in deep tissues remains challenging. Herein, a proof‐of‐concept is proposed for a gold nanocluster‐based strategy that utilizes X‐ray irradiation to trigger the liberation of platinum (Pt)‐based prodrug conjugates, thus enabling radiotherapy‐directed chemotherapy. Mechanistically, the irradiated activation of prodrugs is achieved through direct photoelectron transfer from the excited‐state gold nanoclusters to the Pt(IV) center, resulting in the release of cytotoxic Pt(II) agents. Compared to the traditional combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, this radiotherapy‐directed chemotherapy strategy offers superior antitumor efficacy and safety benefits through spatiotemporal synergy at the tumor site. Additionally, this strategy elicits robust immunogenic cell death and yields profound outcomes for combined immunotherapy of breast cancer. This versatile strategy is ushering in a new era of radiation‐mediated chemistry for controlled drug delivery and the precise regulation of biological processes.
Enhanced SWIR Light Detection in Organic Semiconductor Photodetectors through Up‐Conversion of Mid‐Gap Trap States
Authors: Zeiske Stefan , Zarrabi Nasim , Sandberg Oskar J. , Gielen Sam , Maes Wouter , Meredith Paul , Armin Ardalan
Published: July 2024

Shortwave‐infrared (SWIR) photodetectors are vital for many scientific and industrial applications including surveillance, quality control and inspection. In recent decades, photodetectors based on organic semiconductors have emerged, demonstrating potential to add real value to broadband and narrowband imaging and sensing scenarios, where factors such as thermal budget sensitivity, large area aperture necessity, cost considerations, and lightweight and conformal flexibility demands are prioritized. It is now recognized that the performance of organic photodetectors (OPDs), notably their specific detectivity, is ultimately limited by trap states, universally present in disordered semiconductors. This work adopts an approach of utilizing these mid‐gap states to specifically create a SWIR photo‐response. To this end, this work introduces a somewhat counter‐intuitive approach of “trap‐doping” in bulk heterojunction (BHJs) photodiodes, where small quantities of a guest organic molecule are intentionally incorporated into a semiconducting donor:acceptor host system. Following this approach, this work demonstrates a proof‐of‐concept for a visible‐to‐SWIR broadband OPD, approaching (and, to some extent, even exceeding) state‐of‐the‐art performance across critical photodetector metrics. The trap‐doping approach is, even though only a proof‐of‐concept currently, broadly applicable to various spectral windows. It represents a new modality for engineering photodetection using the unconventional strategy of turning a limitation into a feature.
Current Trends on Advancement in Smart Textile Device Engineering
Authors: Behera Swayam Aryam , Panda Swati , Hajra Sugato , Kaja Kushal Ruthvik , Pandey Adarsh Kumar , Barranco Angel , Jeong Soon Moon , Vivekananthan Venkateswaran , Kim Hoe Joon , Achary P. Ganga Raju
Published: July 2024

Smart textiles represent a revolutionary approach to wearable technology with applications ranging from healthcare to energy harvesting. This review paper explores the importance of textile technologies and highlights their potential to revolutionize consumer electronics. Conventional technologies are sometimes heavy, and lack comfort and flexibility, but smart textiles seamlessly integrate into everyday clothing, improving wearability and user experience. The article emphasizes the need for sustainable sourcing and environmentally friendly production methods, as well as responsible manufacturing and disposal practices. Manufacturing techniques such as wet spinning, melt spinning, electrostatic spinning, weaving, knitting, and printing are detailed and shed light on their role in incorporating electronics into textiles. Several applications of textile‐based devices are being explored, including biochemical sensing, temperature monitoring, energy harvesting, energy storage, and smart displays. Each application demonstrates the versatility and potential of smart textiles in different areas. Despite optimistic progress, challenges remain, from improving energy efficiency to protecting user privacy and data security. The review analyzes these problems and suggests future improvements, including interdisciplinary collaboration to find new solutions. Finally, an overview of the current state of smart textiles provides the future of this technology. It serves as an in‐depth reference for academics and readers interested in understanding recent advances and discoveries in textile technologies, highlighting the importance of this rapidly growing industry.
One‐Step‐Sintered GeTe‐Bi2Te3 Segmented Thermoelectric Legs with Robust Interface‐Connection Performance
Authors: Geng Yang , He Haoyuan , Liang Ruinian , Lai Qiangwen , Hu Lipeng , Liu Fusheng , Zhang Chaohua
Published: July 2024

Segmented thermoelectric (TE) legs are promising for improving heat‐electricity conversion efficiency, but their practical applications are still limited by the lack of cost‐effective interface‐connection technology. Here, an interface‐connection method for one‐step sintering of GeTe‐Bi2Te3 segmented TE legs is developed using mixtures of Al0.88Si0.12 and Ni (ASN) as diffusion barrier materials. Although the interface‐connection performance using Ni or Al0.88Si0.12 alone is poor, their mixtures can realize a compromise optimization of interface‐connection properties, simultaneously achieving a matched coefficient of thermal expansion, low contact resistivity, high shear strength, and high reliability. These robust interface‐connection properties can be attributed to the activation of the eutectic‐alloy Al0.88Si0.12 and the formation of appropriate reaction‐diffusion layers between ASN and GeTe/Bi2Te3 and between Al0.88Si0.12 and Ni in ASN. Finally, a remarkable energy conversion efficiency of ≈15.5% at a temperature difference of 449 K can be obtained in this segmented TE leg. Moreover, ASN can also be applied in fabricating n‐type PbTe‐Bi2Te3 segmented legs and multi‐pair TE devices, demonstrating the universality of this methodology. This work accelerates the development of robust, low‐cost, one‐step‐sintered segmented TE legs and promotes the use of eutectic alloys as “alloy glues” for advancing TE‐device connection technology.
A genome‐wide association meta‐analysis of all‐cause and vascular dementia
Authors:   The Mega Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (MEGAVCID) consortium
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Dementia is a multifactorial disease with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) pathologies making the largest contributions. Yet, most genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) focus on AD.

METHODS

We conducted a GWAS of all‐cause dementia (ACD) and examined the genetic overlap with VaD. Our dataset includes 800,597 individuals, with 46,902 and 8702 cases of ACD and VaD, respectively. Known AD loci for ACD and VaD were replicated. Bioinformatic analyses prioritized genes that are likely functionally relevant and shared with closely related traits and risk factors.

RESULTS

For ACD, novel loci identified were associated with energy transport (SEMA4D), neuronal excitability (ANO3), amyloid deposition in the brain (RBFOX1), and magnetic resonance imaging markers of small vessel disease (SVD; HBEGF). Novel VaD loci were associated with hypertension, diabetes, and neuron maintenance (SPRY2, FOXA2, AJAP1, and PSMA3).

DISCUSSION

Our study identified genetic risks underlying ACD, demonstrating overlap with neurodegenerative processes, vascular risk factors, and cerebral SVD.

Highlights

We conducted the largest genome‐wide association study of all‐cause dementia (ACD) and vascular dementia (VaD).

Known genetic variants associated with AD were replicated for ACD and VaD.

Functional analyses identified novel loci for ACD and VaD.

Genetic risks of ACD overlapped with neurodegeneration, vascular risk factors, and cerebral small vessel disease.
Monitoring of Electrophysiological Functions in Brain‐on‐a‐Chip and Brain Organoids
Authors: Song Jiyoung , Jeong Hoon Eui , Choi Andrew , Kim Hong Nam
Published: July 2024

Though animal models are still the gold standard for fundamental biological studies and drug evaluation for brain diseases, concerns arise from an apparent lack of reflecting the human genetics and pathophysiology. Recently, human avatars such as brain‐on‐a‐chip and brain organoids which are generated in a 3D manner using multiple types of human‐originated cells have risen as alternative testing models. Particularly in monitoring the functional neuronal cells that express action potentials in brain‐on‐a‐chip or brain organoids, various methods of measuring their electrophysiological function have been suggested for the study of brain‐related disease. Recent methodologies for analyzing the electrophysiology of different types of cells in brain‐on‐a‐chip and brain organoids are summarized in this review. We first emphasize the inherent features of brain‐on‐a‐chip and brain organoids from the perspective of the cell culture environment and accessibility to cells in the deep layer. The applicable monitoring techniques are then overviewed based on these features. Finally, we discuss the unmet needs for electrophysiology monitoring in advanced human brain avatar models.
Zr(OH)4‐Catalyzed Semi‐Hydrogenation of Phenylacetylene with Terminal Zr−O−H as Active Site: Inactive for Free Styrene
Authors: Wu Wenxiang , Li Na , Che Chunxia , Zhao Jinping , Qin Jiaheng , Feng Zihan , Song Jie , Zhang Zinan , Zhang Riguang , Long Yu
Published: July 2024

In the field of industrial semi‐hydrogenation of trace alkynes amidst alkene feedstocks, the pivotal challenge lies in circumventing the hydrogenation of alkenes. Herein, we present Zr(OH)4 as an innovative catalyst for the semi‐hydrogenation of phenylacetylene, demonstrating remarkable selectivity towards styrene (>96 %), while exhibiting inactivity towards free styrene. Notably, Zr(OH)4 achieves a 95 % conversion of quasi‐industry 1 mol % phenylacetylene within styrene, with a mere 0.44 % styrene loss. Experimental and theoretical results confirm both terminal Zr−O−H and bridge Zr−O−H can dissociate H2, while the terminal Zr−O−H plays a crucial role on activating phenylacetylene through the sequential hydrogenation process of C6H5C≡CH→C6H5C=CH2→C6H5CH=CH2. The high rate of phenylacetylene removal is attributed to its strong adsorption capacity, while Zr(OH)4 has a significantly weaker adsorption capacity for styrene.
Spin‐Coated and Vacuum‐Processed Hole‐Extracting Self‐Assembled Multilayers with H‐Aggregation for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Wenlin , Wang Deng , Shang Wansong , Li Yanxun , Zeng Jie , Zhu Peide , Zhang Busheng , Mei Le , Chen Xian‐Kai , Xu Zong‐Xiang , Lin Francis R. , Xu Baomin , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: July 2024

We report a highly crystalline self‐assembled multilayer (SAMUL) that is fundamentally different from the conventional monolayer or disordered bilayer used for hole‐extraction in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The SAMUL can be easily formed on ITO substrate to establish better surface coverage to enhance the performance and stability of PSCs. A detailed structure‐property‐performance relationship of molecules used for SAMUL is established through a systematic study of their crystallinity, molecular packing, and hole‐transporting properties. These SAMULs are rationally optimized by varying their molecular structures and deposition methods through thermal evaporation or spin‐coating for fabricating PSCs. The CbzNaphPPA‐based SAMUL was chosen for fabricating inverted PSCs due to it exhibiting the highest crystallinity and hole mobility which is derived from the ordered H‐aggregation. This resulted in a remarkably high fill factor of 86.45 %, which enables a very impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.07 % to be achieved along with excellent device stability (94 % of its initial PCE retained after continuous operation for 1200 h under 1‐sun irradiation at maximum power point at 65 °C). Additionally, a record‐high PCE of 23.50 % could be achieved by adopting a thermally evaporated SAMUL. This greatly simplifies and broadens the scope for SAM to be used for large‐area devices on diverse substrates.
Fully sp2 Carbon‐Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks with Multiple Active Sites for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Fu Ning , Liu Ying , Kang Kun , Tang Xue , Zhang Shiqi , Yang Zhenglong , Wang Yan , Jin Pujun , Niu Yongsheng , Yang Ben
Published: July 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hold great promise for rechargeable batteries. However, the synthesis of COFs with abundant active sites, excellent stability, and increased conductivity remains a challenge. Here, chemically stable fully sp2 carbon‐conjugated COFs (sp2c‐COFs) with multiple active sites are designed by the polymerization of benzo[1,2‐b:3,4‐b′:5,6‐b′′]trithiophene‐2,5,8‐tricarbaldehyde) (BTT) and s‐indacene‐1,3,5,7(2H,6H)‐tetrone (ICTO) (denoted as BTT‐ICTO). The morphology and structure of the COF are precisely regulated from “butterfly‐shaped” to “cable‐like” through an in situ controllable growth strategy, significantly promoting the exposure and utilization of active sites. When the unique “cable‐like” BTT‐ICTO@CNT is employed as lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) cathode, it exhibits exceptional capacity (396 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 with 97.9 % active sites utilization rate), superb rate capacity (227 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1), and excellent cycling performance (184 mAh g−1 over 8000 cycles at 2.0 A g−1 with 0.00365 % decay rate per cycle). The lithium storage mechanism of BTT‐ICTO is exhaustively revealed by in situ Fourier transform infrared, in situ Raman, and density functional theory calculations. This work provides in‐depth insights into fully sp2c‐COFs with multiple active sites for high‐performance LIBs.
Ordered layered manganese‐based metal–organic frameworks induce 2D growth of discharge products via LiO2 adsorbent for high performance lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Yu Shuming , Zhao Hao , Wang Yuxin , Lang Xiaoshi , Wang Tan , Qu Tingting , Li Lan , Yao Chuangang , Cai Kedi
Published: July 2024

Adjusting the morphology and structure of the catalyst to optimize the structure of the discharge product is an effective strategy for improving the electrocatalytic activity of lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs). In this paper, a novel high‐orientation layered manganese‐based metal–organic frameworks (Mn‐MOFs) catalyst for the air cathode of a LOB is synthesized via a facile solvothermal method using 2,4‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid combined with the metal Mn2+ ion. The presence of layered structure increases the specific surface area of the catalytic material, and the interlayer spacing can be used as a channel for electron and oxygen transport, thus promoting ion diffusion and catalyzing reactions. Otherwise, the coordination of the N element and metal ion in the organic ligand significantly improves the electrical conductivity and oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen extraction reaction (ORR/OER) performance of LOB. The effective combination of Mn2+ and 2,4‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid improves the overall catalytic capacity of the material, leading to a high LiO2 adsorption capacity so as to induce the formation of film discharge products and extend the cycle life of LOBs. When using Mn‐MOFs at 140°C as the cathode catalyst, the specific discharge capacity of the LOB can achieve 5579 mAh/g with a 0.2 mA/cm2 current density and maintain 140 stable cycles, limiting the specific discharge capacity to 500 mAh/g.
Sunflower oil‐soybean wax oleogel: An oxidation stable alternative to traditional frying methods for doughnut
Authors: Zubairee Kurshid , Yalcin Hasan , Dursun Capar Tugba
Published: July 2024

Deep‐frying changes the quality of the oil through hydrolysis, oxidation, and polymerization, which makes both positive and harmful changes in the oil and fried food items. In this study sunflower oil was combined with soybean wax to create oleogels that were assessed for their ability to reduce fat uptake and maintain oxidative stability during the deep‐fat frying of doughnut samples. The oleogel was tested as a potential alternative to traditional deep‐fat frying with sunflower oil for frying doughnuts. The different frying times of oleogel were examined to assess the physical properties of the oleogel. Afterward, a comparative analysis was conducted between doughnuts fried in sunflower oil and oleogel. The results showed that doughnuts fried in oleogel absorbed approximately 37.8% less oil than those fried in sunflower oil. Additionally, the doughnuts fried in oleogel had a better appearance, with a higher lightness value (L*) (87.73 ± 0.8) than those fried in oil (77.72 ± 1.35). Moreover, the redness value, (a*) of oleogel doughnuts was also lower (0.33 ± 0.25) than those fried in oil (0.37 ± 0.9). The blueness or yellowness (b*) of the doughnuts was not significantly different which was found as 1.52 and 1.54, for oleogel and oil samples, respectively. Although the viscosity values of oleogel were higher during extended frying, the lower peroxide, free fatty acid, p‐Anisidine, conjugated diene, and triene values suggest that oleogel is more stable. These results will provide a significant advantage in the usage of sunflower oil‐soybean wax oleogel as a frying medium with improved stability.
Development of rare earth element and carbon fiber‐based filler for polyethylene—Mechanical and thermal performance
Authors: Kısmet Yılmaz , Ayikurt Pamuk
Published: July 2024

In the present study, three fillers produced with carbon fiber powder (CFP) and rare earth elements were developed for low‐density polyethylene production. These fillers included CFP with a grain size of less than 400 microns and over 90% pure lanthanum and cerium oxides. Polyethylene was employed to ensure the thermoplasticity and homogeneity of the fillers. The fillers were mixed with the matrix material separately, first mechanically and then homogenously in the extruder, then the test bars were produced with an injection machine. In the mechanical tests, it was determined that the tensile strength of the test bars improved by ~20% and the elastic region increased due to the increasing amount of filler. Similarly, an improvement of about 40% in bending stress was realized. In addition, as the fluidity of the mixtures has improved, it has been possible to produce at lower temperatures and save energy in the production. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to determine the melting/crystallization temperatures and material losses in the compounds. The scanning electron microscope analysis showed that the fillers were irregularly distributed on the surface in parallel and perpendicular directions. In addition, x‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses were performed on the surfaces.
Allometry and phylogenetic divergence: Correspondence or incongruence?
Authors: Cardini Andrea
Published: July 2024

The potential connection between trends of within species variation, such as those of allometric change in morphology, and phylogenetic divergence has been a central topic in evolutionary biology for more than a century, including in the context of human evolution. In this study, I focus on size‐related shape change in craniofacial proportions using a sample of more than 3200 adult Old World monkeys belonging to 78 species, of which 2942 specimens of 51 species are selected for the analysis. Using geometric morphometrics, I assess whether the divergence in the direction of static allometries increases in relation to phyletic differences. Because both small samples and taxonomic sampling may bias the results, I explore the sensitivity of the main analyses to the inclusion of more or less taxa depending on the choice of a threshold for the minimum sample size of a species. To better understand the impact of sampling error, I also use randomized subsampling experiments in the largest species samples. The study shows that static allometries vary broadly in directions without any evident phylogenetic signal. This variation is much larger than previously found in ontogenetic trajectories of Old World monkeys, but the conclusion of no congruence with phylogenetic divergence is the same. Yet, the effect of sampling error clearly contributes to inaccuracies and tends to magnify the differences in allometric change. Thus, morphometric research at the boundary between micro‐ and macro‐evolution in primates, and more generally in mammals, critically needs very large and representative samples. Besides sampling error, I suggest other non‐mutually exclusive explanations for the lack of correspondence between allometric and phylogenetic divergence in Old World monkeys, and also discuss why directions might be more variable in static compared to ontogenetic trajectories. Even if allometric variation may be a poor source of information in relation to phylogeny, the evolution of allometry is a fascinating subject and the study of size‐related shape changes remains a fundamental piece of the puzzle to understand morphological variation within and between species in primates and other animals.
Investigate the relationship between Bacillus coagulans and its inhibition of chemotherapy‐induced lung cancer resistance
Authors: Ting Yu‐Shan , Wang Yi‐Shiuan , Liao En‐Chi , Chou Hsiu‐Chuan , Chan Hong‐Lin
Published: July 2024

Lung cancer is a leading cause of death globally, with lung adenocarcinoma being the most common subtype. Despite advancements in targeted therapy, drug resistance remains a major challenge. This study investigated the impact of Bacillus coagulans on drug resistance in lung adenocarcinoma cells. The cells were pretreated with B. coagulans culture filtrate (BCCF), and functional assays were performed, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and immunofluorescence staining. Results showed that BCCF induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase, reducing cell proliferation and suppressing drug resistance marker P‐glycoprotein expression in BCCF‐treated resistant cells rather than BCCF‐treated control cells. Moreover, drug‐resistant cells exhibited the ability for epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, which could contribute to their necrosis through the iron‐mediated cell death pathway upon BCCF treatment. Proteomic analysis identified downregulation of DNA mismatch repair protein PMS2 after BCCF treatment. These findings suggest that B. coagulans may modulate the DNA repair pathway, influencing drug resistance in lung adenocarcinoma cells. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential impact of B. coagulans on drug‐resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells. Further investigation and understanding of the regulatory mechanisms by which B. coagulans modulates drug resistance in lung adenocarcinoma can aid in the development of more effective treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of lung cancer patients.
Does environmental commitment improve access to finance? Evidence from small firms in Mauritius
Authors: Pillay Mahdevi Tiagarassa , Kasseeah Harshana
Published: July 2024

Given the importance of climate change and the various ways to address it, this paper studies whether small firms that are environmentally committed are better able to access finance. It is important from a policy perspective to investigate if firms that care about climate change and sustainability are indeed being given all the incentives or if this is just a political discourse. The analysis is based on firm‐level data covering several years, which allows a temporal investigation as to whether environmental commitment is becoming an influential factor that affects access to finance. The results obtained highlight that although commitment to environmental issues is becoming more widespread in firms, they are still not important factors that affect access to external financing. The evidence regarding environmental commitment is mixed, since the paper also finds that several traditional factors continue to influence access to finance. Therefore, the providers of funds, especially banks should avoid paying lip‐service to their concern of the environment and abide by their discourse of facilitating access to finance, especially to firms having environmental commitments.
Concurrent epirubicin and trastuzumab use increases complete pathological response rate without additional cardiotoxicity in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive early breast cancer: A meta‐regression analysis
Authors: Yang Ming‐Han , Huang Chiun‐Sheng , Chang Dwan‐Ying , Hu Fu‐Chang , Huang Shu‐Min , Huang Po‐Hsiang , Chen I‐Chun , Chen Tom Wei‐Wu , Lin Ching‐Hung , Lu Yen‐Shen
Published: July 2024

Background

Due to cardiotoxicity concerns, the concurrent use of epirubicin and trastuzumab has not been fully studied. This study aimed to examine the cardiotoxicity and pathological complete response (pCR) rate associated with the concurrent regimens in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive early breast cancer (EBC).

Methods

We conducted a systematic search for relevant literature in the NCBI/PubMed, the Cochrane database, and international conference abstracts for phase II or III randomized controlled trials between January 1, 2000, and February 28, 2021, focusing on the concurrent regimens in patients with HER2‐positive EBC. To compare the risk of cardiotoxicity and the odds of the pCR rate, we performed linear meta‐regression analyses to investigate the effects of multiple covariates.

Results

We analyzed 7 neoadjuvant trials involving the concurrent use of epirubicin and trastuzumab with 1797 patients. The median cumulative dose of epirubicin used was 300 mg/m2, with a total of 96 reported adverse cardiac events. The concurrent regimens did not result in a significant increase in cardiotoxicity compared to nonconcurrent regimens (risk ratio [RR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.68–2.05). Compared with nonconcurrent or non‐anthracycline‐containing regimens, concurrent regimens were associated with a significant increase in the pCR rate (odds ratio = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.04–2.12). The linear fixed‐effects meta‐regression analysis indicated that in trials including more patients with hormone receptor‐positive EBC, the RR of cardiotoxicity significantly increased with concurrent regimens, and the pCR rate became less significant.

Conclusions

The combination of trastuzumab and a low dose of epirubicin positively impacted the pCR rate without a significant increase in cardiotoxicity. We recommend exploring concurrent regimens for HR‐negative, HER2‐positive tumors to enhance pCR rates, with caution advised for HR‐positive tumors due to potential cardiotoxicity.
Self‐improvement or hedonic enjoyment? Effect of romantic experiences on consumer product preferences
Authors: Zhang Junyan , Yang Yan , Jin Shan , Jing Fengjie
Published: July 2024

Romantic experiences are positive emotional experiences that significantly affect people's lives and consumption behaviors. Extant research merely conceptualizes romantic experiences as intimate relationships between lovers and investigates their impact on the consumption of specific products (e.g., sweets, movies, and tourist destinations). In this study, we extend the concept of romantic experience beyond romantic love and demonstrate how romantic experience influences consumers' preferences for self‐improvement products based on the broaden‐and‐build theory through four experiments. Specifically, we show that romantic experiences (vs. neutral experiences) increase consumers' preference for self‐improvement products, even in areas unrelated to the initial romantic stimuli (Study 1). This greater inclination toward self‐improvement products is mediated by a heightened sense of meaning in life (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, the focal effect is moderated by self‐construal (Study 4). These findings complement those of previous studies on how romantic experiences influence consumption choices.
Practical Pouch Cell Supercapacitor Electrodes by Electrophoretic Deposition of Activated Carbon on Nickel Foam
Authors: Chakrabarti Barun Kumar , Dönmez Koray Bahadır , Çobandede Zehra , Low Chee Tong John
Published: July 2024

This study highlights for the first‐time the utilization of nickel foam coated with activated carbon (AC) via the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method in the fabrication of A7 sized pouch cell supercapacitors. The scale‐up of electrodes via EPD from coin to pouch cells with mass loadings (10 mg cm−2) and thicknesses (>130 μm) that match industrial standards is also reported. Research investigations include: (a) comparison of a two dimensional (2D) aluminum foil current collector's performance with three dimensional (3D) microporous nickel foam current collectors, (b) impact of EPD of AC onto small (10 cm2) and large areas (50 cm2) of nickel foam, and (c) scaling‐up of coin to pouch cells along with a comparison against electrodes prepared via the standard doctor blade coating (or slurry casting) method. We demonstrate practical cell performance, including specific current loading (40 A g−1), hundred thousand of successive charge and discharge operation (150,000 cycles), power (27 kW kg−1) and energy densities (37.7 W h kg−1), capacitance (174 F g−1), capacitance retention (80 %) and coulombic efficiency (close to 100 %).