bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOOCs: Adoption, Perceived Benefits and Hurdles among the Engineering Faculties of Karnataka
Authors: C. Vysakh,
Published: July 2021

The present study aims to explore the adoption and benefits of MOOCs among the faculties of selected engineering colleges in Karnataka. A descriptive research design was deployed for the study. Two hundred copies of the structured questionnaire were distributed to collect data from the faculties of four reputed engineering colleges affiliated with Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Belagavi. It was found that only 67.62% of faculties were aware and hooked on the MOOCs platforms. 38.30% of the faculties made use of MOOCs for gaining knowledge, 25.53% for conducting research and 22.34% to publish contents. The study found the positive impact of MOOCs on the knowledge and carrier prospects of faculties. Lack of time and interest were the major hurdles cited by the participants in adopting MOOCs. The study provides valuable insights into the faculties of Indian higher education institutions to make use of MOOCs technology for a better experience and output for teaching and learning and also to overcome the challenges in adoption.
Talentos e Aptidões: Um olhar sobre o Autismo
Authors: Lin Jaime
Published: July 2021

Autism is a medical term that encompasses a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired reciprocal socialization and communication, often accompanied by restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. Due to the enlargement in the clinical diagnostic boundaries and the increased awareness of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the world has seen a dramatic increase in its prevalence during the last two decades. ASD is currently considered one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders worldwide. Frequently reported in terms of comorbidities, disabilities, burden and economic costs, the talents, gifts and abilities of people within the autistic spectrum only reaches the media when it amazes the audience. In this review, we want show that the high clinical heterogeneity found in autism can also be applied to the gifts and abilities, and that it must be nurtured with appropriate developmental, educational environment and above all, support and hope.
RUSSIA'S MILITARY ACTIONS TO STRENGTHEN ITS INFLUENCE AND ACCEPTANCE OF DAGHESTAN INTO HER CITIZENSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN TURKEY AND PERSIA (LATE XVI – EARLY XVIII CENTURIES)
Authors: ALIEV Bagomed Gadaevich
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the military actions that Russia used for strengthening her influence in Daghestan and promoting acceptance Daghestan into her citizenship. The campaigns of the russian troops in Daghestan in the late XVI – early XVII centuries, and the same of the Peter I’s one in the Caspian region in 1722 with disclosure of the true goals are described. All the above is given in the context of confrontation between Russia and such powers of the Middle Ages as Turkey and Persia.
THE FATE OF THE CAUCASIAN INTELLIGENTSIA. BASHIR DALGAT. TO THE 150 ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH
Authors: DALGAT Elmira Murtuzalievna
Published: July 2021

The article covers the life, social and scientific activities of a prominent representative of the Caucasian intelligentsia in the late XIX century and the first third of the XX century, lawyer Bashir Dalgat, a brilliant researcher of the Caucasus, public figure, author of valuable works on ethnography of the North Caucasus.
METALLURGY AND METAL WORKING IN DAGHESTAN OF THE XIX CENTURY: FROM TRADITIONAL TO NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSORTMENT OF FORGING AND LOCKSMITH WORKS
Authors: MAGOMEDOV Amirbek Dzhalilovich , YUSUPOV Khizri Abdulmadzhidovich
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to description of changes in traditional metallurgy of Daghestan in connection with the development of Russian industry in the first half of the ХIХ century, the development of new technologies of metal processing in the province (locksmith business, etc.). There is an expansion of directions in the assortment of metal products, which appeared in Daghestan in the second half of the XIX – the beginning of the XX centuries. Many processes are illustrated by examples from the craft history of the famous Harbuk blacksmith center.
PERSIAN LAYER OF PERSONAL NAMES IN THE AVAR LANGUAGE
Authors: ATAEV Boris Makhachevich , SHAMKHALOVA Zarema Abakarovna
Published: July 2021

The system of personal names of the Avar language had been forming over a long period in specific historical, geographical and linguistic conditions. Historically formed ethnic and cultural contacts of the Avars both with neighboring and geographically remote tribes and peoples are reflected in the system of personal names of the Avars. Anthroponyms-persisms presented in the modern Avar language are divided into various thematic groups, which are determined by their correlation with certain concepts in the source language. These names can be described as canonical Muslim names enshrined by the traditions of Islam.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE BACKGROUND AND THE FIRST STAGE OF CREATING FORTIFICATIONS OF THE LEFT WING OF THE CAUCASIAN CORDON LINE
Authors: GAZIEVA Abidat Abdulaevna
Published: July 2021

This study highlights the issue of building the first fortifications in the Eastern Caucasus. The work attempts to study the geopolitical significance of fortifications in the XVIII century, plans and geography of construction.
OUTSTANDING SCIENTIST-CAUCASUS STUDY SCHOLAR. TO THE 150 ANNIVERSARY OF BASHIR DALGAT
Authors: SEFERBEKOV Ruslan Ibragimovich
Published: July 2021

The article is dedicated to the outstanding scientist in the Caucasus, Bashir Dalgat.
Transparency in Predictive Algorithms: A Judicial Perspective
Authors: Malek Md. Abdul
Published: July 2021

Notwithstanding the
apparent hyperbole about AI promises for judicial modernization, there arise
deep concerns that span from unfairness, privacy invasion, bias, discrimination
to the lack of transparency and legitimacy, etc. Likewise, critics branded their
application in the judicial precincts as ethically, legally, and technically
distressing. Accordingly, whereas there is already an ongoing transparency
debate on board, this paper attempts to revisit, extend and contribute to such
simmering debate with a particular focus from a judicial perspective. Since preserving
and promoting trust and confidence in the judiciary as a whole appears to be imperative, it uses a searchlight to
explore how and why justice algorithms ought to be transparent as to their training
data, methods, and outcomes. This paper also ends up delineating the tentative
paths to do away with black-box effects and suggesting the way out for the use
of algorithms in high-stake areas like the judicial settings.
The Informational Behavior applied to the PIM-PKM pair through the HCI in a mobile device ecology
Authors: Oliveira Dalbert Marques
Published: July 2021

Technological artifacts, physical and digital, have occupied an increasing space in society. Through these artifacts, individuals’ access, store and share information, which may be spread across different equipment. On the other hand, through human-computer interaction, individuals use and appropriate this equipment, creating an ecology of artifacts that appears to be able to expand the physical and mental capacities of its users. In turn, the aforementioned expansion of capabilities seems to contribute to changes in the informational behavior of users of artifact ecologies during practices such as personal information management, the passage from information to knowledge, and the management of personal knowledge. However, there seems to be little literature relating concepts such as human-computer interaction through the use or appropriation of an artifact ecology, with informational behavior, and the aforementioned management of information and personal knowledge. This scarcity reduces the information available, the understanding of these relationships, and their action on the individual. That said, this work will start from a brief systematic review of the literature, to learn about recent works developed on the subject investigated. Afterward, the recovered literature will be confronted with each other, to find relationships between the concepts. The results obtained from this confrontation will contribute to informing other investigations related to the appropriation of artifact ecologies, for information management practices and personal knowledge.
ARTIKEL PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT (Studi Kasus Di Desa Romean Kecamatan Yaru Kabupaten Maluku Tenggar Barat)
Authors: Neununy dan Ohoibor Dolfries dan Mirja Jakop
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aims to determine the perceptions of the people of Romean Village, Yaru District, West Southeast Maluku Regency on the management of village funds to improve the welfare of the village community. This research conducted a discretive caulitative approach using the analysis flow from Millis and Huberman. The technique of collecting data is through interviews with village government officials and several community members as informants. The results showed that Village Fund Management was not optimal because of low human resources, low level of community participation in village program planning, low supervision, lack of accountability and transparency in managing village funds, and finally the impact of village funds on community welfare was still low.Keywords: Community Perception and Village Fund Management
Effects of nursing comfort care integrating with the daily Islamic rituals on comfort among mechanically ventilated Muslim patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rustam Junaidy , Kongsuwan Waraporn , Kitrungrote Luppana
Published: July 2021

Background & Aim: Most mechanically ventilated patients reported decreasing comfort during their treatments, especially in Muslim patients. Nursing comfort care needs to be addressed by integrating the principles of Islamic daily rituals to fulfill the spiritual need and also to promote holistic comfort of Muslim patients with mechanical ventilation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nursing comfort care integrating with the Islamic daily rituals on comfort among mechanically ventilated Muslim patients.Methods & Materials: A pretest-posttest with a control group design was used. Fifty-six participants recruited from intensive care units of three public hospitals in Indonesia were randomly assigned into either the experimental group (n=28) or control group (n=28) by matching technique based on gender, age, and duration using a ventilator. Those in the experimental group received nursing comfort care developed based on Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort integrating with the Islamic daily rituals while those in the control group received usual care. Comfort was measured on the first day before receiving the intervention, and on the second day after the intervention was completed by using Comfort Questionnaire for Mechanically Ventilated Patients (CQMVP).Results: Data analysis by using an independent t-test found there is no significant difference in data between the experimental group and control group at baseline (t = .134, p .894). The mean comfort score of patients in the experimental group after receiving the intervention was significantly higher than those in the control group (t=6.70, p<.05). Conclusion: Nursing comfort care integrated with Islamic daily rituals increased comfort in Muslim patients while receiving mechanical ventilation. Thus, this nursing comfort care program can be recommended to use in practice.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PUISI MELALUI STRATEGI PIKIR PLUS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA GAMBAR PERISTIWA
Authors: Wiranata Angga
Published: July 2021

Masalah yang diangkat pada penelitian ini adalah rendahnya kemampuan menulis siswa kelas VIII-F MTS Negeri Kesesi Kabupaten Pekalongan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pembelajaran menulis puisi yang belum terlaksana dengan baik sehingga siswa kelas VIII- F mengalami kesulitan ketika diminta menulis puisi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi pembelajaran dan media pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dan tepat. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut digunakan strategi Pikir Plus dan media gambar peristiwa yang terdapat dalam surat kabar dalam pembelajaran menulis puisi siswa kelas VIII-F MTS Negeri Kesesi. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri atas perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya proses pembelajaran, peningkatan, dan perubahan perilaku ke arah yang positif.
MANAKAH YANG MENDEKATI TEKS ASLI, φωτὸς ATAUKAH πνεύματος PADA EFESUS 5:9 ?
Authors: Putra Adi
Published: July 2021

Tulisan ini hendak meneliti manakah teks yang mendekati teks Asli pada Efesus 5:9. Apakah photos ataukah pneumatos? Jawabannya diulas dalam tulisan ini.
Heralded Single Photons from a Silicon CROW Device (Project Report 1160881)
Authors: Mookherjee Shayan
Published: July 2021

This NSF-funded project [1160881] is a one-year supplement to NSF-funded project 0925133. The CROW device was used to study entangled photon-pair generation and heralded single-photon generation using spontaneous four-wave mixing which is based on the optical Kerr effect.
Kristologi Feminisme: Sebuah Analisis dan Evaluasi
Authors: Putra Adi
Published: July 2021

Tulisan ini berisi ulasan teologi terhadap kristologi feminis. Tulisan ini mencoba menganalisis pandangan kristologi ini guna menemukan kelemahan dan mengevaluasinya.
PEMINDAIAN KEMAMPUAN INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN TEOLOGI UNTUK MENGHADAPI TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Simanjuntak Irfan Feriando , Purnomo Aldrin , GULTOM JONI MANUMPAK PARULIAN
Published: July 2021

Kehadiran industri 4.0 membentuk tantangan baru akibat kebutuhan industri. Pembentukan tersebut tidak terelakkan termasuk institusi pendidikan teologi.Institusi pendidikan teologi harus melakukan transformasi ke arah kebutuhan industri 4.0 sehingga dapat menetak lulusan yang mampu beradaptasi di lingkungan era industri yang baru. Untuk itu diperlukan sebuah proses pemindaian yang terstruktur dan memberikan penjelasan yang detail agar kebijakan transformasi digital strategis dapat diterapkan dengan efisien dan efektif. Proses pemindaian dilakukan dengan pendekatan manajemen, kepemimpinan serta keahlian institusi pendidikan teologi tersebut. Ketiga hal ini merupakan pokok acuan yang akan diproses secara kuantitatif untuk memberikan data empiris dan kualitatif yang tepat. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah pola pemetaan yang diterapkan untuk memindai kemampuan institusi teologi terhadap kesigapan menghadapi era industri yang baru.
Fabrication and Study of Coupled Silicon Microring CROWs (Project Report 1028553)
Authors: Mookherjee Shayan
Published: July 2021

The goal of this NSF-funded "GOALI" supplement project is to theoretically and experimentally study silicon photonic circuits fabricated in order to understand the effects of, and develop mitigation strategies for fabrication disorder.
Peran Lembaga Pendidikan dalam Mewujudkan Moderasi Beragama di Jawa Timur: Kasus Pesantren Nurul Huda Sencaki Surabaya
Authors: Murtadlo Muhamad
Published: July 2021

Pengembangan moderasi beragama perlu memasuki ranah lembaga pendidikan, termasuk lembaga pendidikan pesantren. Permasalahannya bagaimana moderasi beragama dipraktekkan pada lembaga pendidikan pesantren? Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari model pendidikan moderasi beragama di pesantren. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan studi kasus pada daerah yang diberitakan ada gejala terdapat praktek intoleransi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di sebuah pesantren di Surabaya. Penelitian menemukan bahwa munculnya prilaku intolerans di masyarakat disebabkan salah satunya dimulai dari berkurangnya komunikasi masyarakat dengan dunia pesantren. Pesantren mulai dari konsep keilmuan, tradisi turast dan teladan kyai mengajarkan bagaimana seseorang hidup di tengah perbedaan agama. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya model moderasi beragama yang berhasil di pesantren perlu terus dikembangkan dan dijadikan referensi bagi jenis lembaga pendidikan keagamaan lainnya.
Illuminating a Contorted Slab with a Complex Intraslab Rupture Evolution during the 2021 Mw 7.3 East Cape, New Zealand Earthquake
Authors: Okuwaki Ryo , Hicks Stephen , Craig Timothy , Fan Wenyuan , Goes Saskia , Wright Tim , Yuji Yagi
Published: July 2021

The state-of-stress within subducting oceanic plates controls rupture processes of deep intraslab earthquakes. However, little is known about how the large-scale plate geometry and the stress regime relate to the physical nature of the deep-intraslab earthquakes. Here we find, by using globally and locally observed seismic records, that the moment magnitude 7.3 2021 East Cape, New Zealand earthquake was driven by a combination of shallow trench-normal extension and unexpectedly, deep trench-parallel compression. We find multiple rupture episodes comprising a mixture of reverse, strike-slip, and normal faulting. Reverse faulting due to the trench-parallel compression is unexpected given the apparent subduction direction, so we require a differential-buoyancy driven stress rotation which contorts the slab near the edge of the Hikurangi plateau. Our finding highlights that buoyant features in subducting plates may cause diverse rupture behavior of intraslab earthquakes due to the resulting heterogeneous stress state within slabs.
Geology of a Neogene caldera cluster in Northeast Iceland – clues into rift zone architecture on a young Iceland
Authors: Burchardt Steffi , Oskarsson Birgir , Gustafsson Ludvik , Berg Silvia , Riishuus Morten
Published: July 2021

The Borgarfjörður-Loðmundarfjörður area in Northeast Iceland hosts an unusual volume of silicic rocks, as well as volcanic and sub-volcanic structures emplaced in the Miocene between 13.5 and 12.2 Ma. Here, we summarise the geology of the area and present a new geological map to summarise the current state of knowledge. We describe the prominent features of the volcanic centres, as well as regional marker horizons. Notably, the volume of silicic rocks, the distribution of eruptive centres, calderas, and intrusion swarms, as well as the interplay between regional flood basalts and silicic magmatism indicate a rift zone architecture different to that of the present day.
It is written in the eyes: Inferences from pupil size and gaze orientation shape interpersonal liking
Authors: Mattavelli Simone , Brambilla Marco , Kret Mariska
Published: July 2021

Research has shown that pupil size shapes interpersonal impressions: Individuals with dilated pupils tend to be perceived more positively than those with constricted pupils. Untested so far is the role of cognitive processes in shaping the effects of pupil size. Two pre-registered studies investigated whether the effect of pupil size is qualified by partner’s attention allocation inferred from gaze orientation. In Experiment 1 (N=50) partners with dilated pupils were more liked when gazing toward the participant, but less liked when gazing toward a disliked other. Experiment 2 (N=50) unveiled the underlying mechanism of the pupil-gaze interplay. Pupillary changes led to inferences about the feelings held by the partner towards the gazed target: larger the pupils signaled positive feelings. Crucially, target identity moderated the response of the participants (i.e., liking toward the partner). This work shows the importance of considering the interplay of affective and cognitive eye-signals when studying person perception.
Autism and inner speech: a computational model of language functions in autistic flexible behaviour
Authors: Granato Giovanni , Borghi Anna M. , Mattera Andrea , Baldassarre Gianluca
Published: July 2021

Experimental and computational studies propose that inner speech boosts categorisation skills and executive functions, making human behaviour more focused and flexible. In addition, many clinical studies highlight a relationship between poor inner-speech and an executive impairment in autism spectrum condition (ASC), but contrasting findings are reported. Here we investigate the latter issue through a previously implemented and validated computational model of the Wisconsin Cards Sorting Tests. In particular, the model was applied to detect the individual differences in cognitive flexibility and inner speech contribution in ASC and neurotypical participants. Our results suggest that the use of inner-speech increases along the life-span of neurotypical participants but is absent in ASC ones. Although we found more attentional failures in autistic children/teenagers and more perseverative behaviours in autistic young/older adults, only ASC children and ASC older adults exhibited a lower performance than matched control groups. Overall, our results corroborate the idea that the lower use of inner speech in ASC teenagers and young adults is compensated by alternative cognitive strategies (e.g., visual thinking), but it could represent a disadvantage for children (for the missing support of development) and older adults (for the missing compensation of cognitive decline). Moreover, the results suggest that cognitive-behavioural therapies should focus on developing inner speech skills in ASC children as this could provide cognitive support along their whole life span.
A network perspective on real-life threat: Complex associations between trait and situational anxiety, stress, and individual approach-avoidance tendencies
Authors: Glück Valentina , Engelke Paula , Hilger Kirsten , Wong Alex H K , Boschet Juliane Maria , Pittig Andre
Published: July 2021

Anxiety and approach-avoidance conflicts are crucial factors influencing mental and physical health, especially when environments are stressful. Their interplay is modulated by multiple state and trait factors. Therefore, focusing on some specific associations, which represents the dominant approach in most previous work on anxiety and avoidance, can only provide limited insights and does not capture the whole complexity of the interaction patterns between psychological factors. This study applied graph-theoretical network analysis to investigate associations between self-reported trait anxiety, approach and avoidance tendencies, situational anxiety, stress symptoms, perceived threat, perceived positive consequences of approach, and avoidance behavior in situations of real-life threat. 541 participants (218 psychotherapy patients, 323 participants from the general community) completed an online survey assessing threat-related traits and states, and responses towards public situations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The resulting psychological network revealed a complex pattern with positive (e.g., between trait anxiety, avoidance motivation, and avoidance behavior) and negative associations (e.g., between approach and avoidance motivation). The patient and community subsample networks were not significantly different, but descriptive effects may inform future research. Our study shows that network analysis provides a promising tool to get comprehensive insights into complex associations between state and trait factors influencing psychological health.
Development and preliminary validation of a self-report measure of negative independent and dependent events in Japanese university students
Authors: Hasegawa Akira , Oura Shin-ichi , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Kunisato Yoshihiko , Fukui Yoshikazu
Published: July 2021

We developed a self-report measure for assessing experiences of negative interpersonal dependent events, negative non-interpersonal dependent events, and negative independent events in Japanese university students, which was named the Negative Independent/Dependent Events Scale. We selected items having sufficient content validity in each negative events category. Undergraduate students (N = 247) responded to the Negative Independent/Dependent Events Scale and self-reported measures of depressive symptoms, reassurance-seeking behaviors, inattention, and lack of perseverance. Consistent with our prediction, all the negative events subscales had moderate positive correlations with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the negative interpersonal dependent events subscale showed a moderate positive correlation with reassurance-seeking behaviors, and the negative non-interpersonal dependent events subscale showed a strong positive correlation with inattention. Moreover, the negative non-interpersonal dependent events subscale was more strongly correlated with inattention than the other two negative events subscales. In contrast, the negative interpersonal dependent events subscale was more strongly correlated with reassurance-seeking behaviors than with the negative independent events subscale but not more strongly than with the negative non-interpersonal dependent events subscale. These findings indicated the acceptable construct validity of the Negative Independent/Dependent Events Scale. However, further research is necessary to establish the discriminant validity of the negative interpersonal dependent events subscale and the negative non-interpersonal dependent events subscale.
Implications of Identity Resolution in Emerging Adulthood for Intimacy, Generativity, and Integrity Across the Adult Lifespan
Authors: Mitchell Lauren , Lodi-Smith Jennifer , Baranski Erica
Published: July 2021

Erikson's psychosocial stage model posits that identity formation is a key developmental task for adolescents, and that successfully resolving the identity vs. role confusion crisis at this time of life has important impacts on psychosocial development through adulthood. However, little empirical work has tested the consequences of early-life identity development for progression through the subsequent psychosocial stages in Erikson's model. The purpose of the present study was to test whether identity resolution measured during emerging adulthood predicted later developmental trajectories of intimacy, generativity, and integrity across adulthood. We used data from four cohorts of participants in the Rochester Adult Longitudinal Study (N = 1224), with up to five assessments spanning the twenties through the sixties. Latent growth curve modeling was used to estimate developmental trajectories for intimacy, generativity, and integrity, and to test the association between emerging adulthood identity resolution and growth parameters for each psychosocial outcome. Findings suggested that individuals with higher emerging adulthood identity resolution also experienced high levels of intimacy, generativity, and integrity in emerging adulthood, and these levels remained consistently high across adulthood. In contrast, those with lower identity resolution in emerging adulthood experienced lower initial levels of intimacy, generativity, and integrity, but faster growth over time. As a result, these trajectories appeared to nearly converge by the time participants were in their sixties, suggesting that one's emerging adulthood identity has less importance over time, and that individuals who struggled more with identity formation in adolescence and emerging adulthood are able to make up for it later in life.
Field Report: Hate Speech im Internet 3/2019
Authors: Paasch-Colberg Sünje , Strippel Christian , Laugwitz Laura , Emmer Martin , Trebbe Joachim
Published: July 2021

Methodenbericht zur annotationsbasierten Inhaltsanalyse von Nutzerkommentaren zum Thema Flucht und Migration aus März 2019 im Rahmen des BMBF-Verbundprojekts „NOHATE – Bewältigung von Krisen öffentlicher Kommunikation im Themenfeld Flüchtlinge, Migration, Ausländer“ (Förderkennzeichen: 01UG1735AX). Das Codebuch zur Erhebung findet sich unter: https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/c59kn
Work histories and provision of grandparental childcare among Italian older women
Authors: Zanasi Francesca , Arpino Bruno , Pirani Elena , Bordone Valeria
Published: July 2021

While the literature has widely shown that the provision of childcare by grandparents is often crucial for young mothers’ participation in the labour market, this work investigates the link between grandmothers’ participation in the labour market during adult life (between ages 18-49) and their provision of grandparental childcare later in life. Two contrasting theoretical arguments are plausible in this respect. On the one hand, lifelong homemakers could be more family-oriented and more likely to provide grandchild care in later life. On the other hand, ever-employed grandmothers could be more likely to have employed daughters, and provide grandchild care to support their working careers. With data from the Multipurpose surveys on Families and Social Subjects (2003, 2009, 2016), we estimate logistic regression models, considering various specifications of grandparental childcare, and measuring labour market attachment in three different ways (having ever worked, length of working career, employment interruptions for family reasons). Results show a positive association between grandmothers’ labor market attachment and grandparental childcare provision. A strong dualism emerges between grandmothers who ever worked and those who never did, with the former more likely to provide grandparental childcare, especially when parents are at work. Grandmothers who worked only a few years are more similar, in terms of grandchild care provision, to those who worked throughout their life, than to lifelong homemakers. Comparing Italian macro-areas strengthens our conclusions: differences between ever- and never-employed grandmothers are present in whole the country, but this holds especially in Northern regions, where the higher female participation to the labour market amplifies the need for grandparental childcare. Overall, we showed that intergenerational family solidarity is activated throughout the country, but it is evident that in a context of growing female labour force participation, couples cannot continue to count only on grandmothers to juggle family and work.
The Delta Plus variant of COVID-19: Will it be the worst nightmare in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?
Authors: Roy Bedanta , Roy Harekrishna
Published: July 2021

No abstract available.
Gastrointestinal manifestations as early symptoms to diagnose COVID-19 paediatric cases
Authors: Robinson J , Banerjee I , Leclézio A
Published: July 2021

Background: The international situation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic is seeing multiple countries battle various waves of the SARS-CoV-2 virus infections, with millions of individuals being infected globally. COVID-19 cases initially involved the immuno-compromised and elderly. As the virus has infected millions globally, the demographic profile of cases has shifted with more children being infected; this increase in younger individuals contracting the infection has resulted in new symptoms with altered manifestations and presentations of the disease in the young. In comparison to the severe symptoms of COVID-19 in adults children present with a more trivial group of symptoms. The majority of children develop mild symptoms or remain asymptomatic. This is in stark contrast to adults who have a higher admission rate with severe symptoms. A sign of great importance and now incidence in pediatric cases with COVID-19 is that of the gastrointestinal tract. The virus has a tropism for the GIT due to the presence of ACE2 receptors, which facilitate the entry of the virus into the cell.

Conclusion: It is now established that the GIT symptoms form part of a newly recognized multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) which occurs as a result and or manifestation of the COVID-19 infection. The innate difficulty in correctly and accurately diagnosing such a case is that the symptoms very close mimic gastroenteritis and acute abdominal pathologies. Therefore, physicians need to be aware of the various manners in which the COVID-19 infection manifests itself in children to diagnose better and isolate the cases.
Global variants of COVID-19: Current understanding
Authors: Roy B , Dhillon JK , Habib N , Pugazhandhi B
Published: July 2021

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that undergoes mutation producing a variety of strains. Mutagens include UV radiation, metals, and endogenous components of organisms. Each strain is specific in terms of virulence, immune response in the body and efficacy of the vaccines.

Conclusion: Researchers need to gather data and collaborate with global organizations to learn about the newly evolving strains. Information about the mutations and variants are inevitable in understanding virus transmission and developing vaccines to end the COVID-19 pandemic.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice on COVID-19 among undergraduate students of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal: An online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Pandey KR , Panday DR , Pyakurel P , Marahatta S , Rimal SP , Dali M , Gyawali R , Sigdel Rambha , Bhattarai N , Limbu N , Rauniar GP
Published: July 2021

Background: COVID-19, a global health crisis of the 21st century, has threatened possibly every aspect of human life. Since the pandemic is not yet over, this study was carried out among undergraduate students of a medical institute in Nepal to assess and boost their KAP status on the disease.

Material and methods: It was an online cross-sectional census survey performed among consenting undergraduate healthcare students of BPKIHS. A self-made and validated questionnaire assessing KAP on COVID-19 was prepared in Google form and distributed online among target students. The study population was 745. Both descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was performed. Student’s T-Test and one-way ANOVA were applied for which level of statistical significance was kept at p<0.05.

Results: Ninety-six students participated in a pilot-study (Cronbach α= 0.792). The response rate was 76.27%. Most participants (76.76%) were from Nepal.  The male/female ratio was 0.76. Most (59.2%) had not participated in such studies before. For 93.54%, the source of information was the internet. Assessed by questionnaire, right Knowledge (n=16) was 85.06% ± 8.81%; right Attitude (n=6) was 65.00% ± 16.16 and right Practice (n=6) was 82.88%± 8.50%. Male were more knowledgeable about the disease (p=0.011). However, females secured higher in practical aspects (p=0.000). Indian students possessed better knowledge (p=0.005) and a better attitude (p=0.033). MBBS students had better knowledge (p=0.000), but Nursing students secured higher in Practice (p=0.012). Attitude is better in the earlier years (p=0.045).

Conclusion: We assessed KAP related to COVID-19 via score among healthcare undergraduate students. Different co-factors do impact students’ overall KAP status.
An insight of medical student’s preference and opinions to Pharmacology textbooks
Authors: Banerjee I , Robinson J , Annavarapu A , Gupta RK
Published: July 2021

Background: Various medical subjects pose a daunting task to students. Chief amongst which the subject’s students grapple with is pharmacology. The study’s primary objective was to find out the second professional medical student’s preferences, feedback, and attitude towards pharmacology textbooks at SSR Medical College, Mauritius.

Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based observational survey was conducted from May 2018- June 2018 at Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Medical College, Mauritius. A Chi-square test was performed to find out correlations between variables. p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: A total of 192 medical students participated in the study out of 210 students, giving an overall response rate of 91.42%. 103 (35.6%) students chosen Essentials of Medical Pharmacology- K.D. Tripathi as a first preference, followed by 59 (30.7%) students selected Pharmacology for Medical Students- Tara V Shanbhag and Smita Shenoy as a second preference, and 22 (11.5%) chosen Medical Pharmacology- Padmaja Udaykumar as a third preference.

Conclusion: The textbook Essentials of Medical Pharmacology by K.D. Tripathi is the most popular and most preferred textbook, closely seconded by Pharmacology for Medical Students by Tara V Shanbhag and Smita Shenoy and followed by Medical Pharmacology by Padmaja Udaykumar, the third in the list of the most preferred textbook. The shortcomings of textbooks, such as the innate lack of the ability to cultivate interest in common diseases which are prevalent in the home country of the students, as well as the lack to inspire students to do further reading into research articles and studies, clearly showcases the disconnect that exists between publishers, authors and users.
Problems of socio-economic development of the domestic agro-industrial complex require an active solution
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Moscow, Russia, Altukhov A.I.
Published: July 2021

An economic assessment of the existing main trends in the socio-economic development of the agrarian spheres of the economy and its basic industry - agriculture is uncovered and their main internal systemic problems are revealed. The most significant results in three areas of fundamental research conducted in 2020 are considered. They dealt with the solution of issues of economic theory and principles of development of the country’s agro-industrial complex in the context of globalization of integration processes in the world economy, of the theory and mechanisms of formation of the social paradigm of sustainable development of rural territories, of complex research of the problems of transformation of land relations and land management in agriculture.
Adaptation to climate changes by farming households in developing countries: a case study of Eritrea
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Debesai M.G.
Published: July 2021

The impact of climate change on the livelihood of farming households is a great concern particularly in developing countries. Based on a household survey conducted in 2016, in Eritrea, this paper attempts to investigate the adaptation conditions to climate change impacts on smallholder farming household. Several socioeconomic, biophysical and environmental factors affecting their farming system were listed by the respondents, including drought, soil degradation, pests and diseases, poor farm management, poor soil fertility, poor agricultural tools, and poor seed quality. Farming households employed short term coping mechanisms and long term adaption strategies to overcome the problems resulted from climate variability. The households cope up with short term climate variability at the expense of deteriorating their resources or losing their assets temporarily or permanently while they practice a long term adaptation strategy which is more or less in favour of sustaining the resource and preserving the environment. It is, therefore, recommended that policymakers need to encourage sustainable development and work to reduce the negative impact of climate change on farming households by emphasising on both short tern coping mechanisms and long term adaptation strategies.
Statistical analysis of maximum runoff of the Southern Buh River using the method of ‘Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration’
Authors: Gorbachova L. O. , Prykhodkina V. S. , Khrystiuk B. F. , Zabolotnia T. O. , Rozlach V. O.
Published: July 2021

Knowledge of maximum river runoff trends is of great practical importance, especially for design and operation of hydraulic structures. This article presents the results of the research of the Southern Buh River's maximum runoff. The water of the river is widely used for hydropower engineering, industrial and municipal water supply, agriculture, irrigation, shipping, tourism etc.

The research of the maximum runoff was based on the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) method which is widely used in the whole world. This method enables calculation of quantitative statistical characteristics of rivers', lakes', reservoirs' runoff and determination of the degree of their hydrological regime changes. The IHA is used for water bodies having natural or regulated runoff. However, the IHA method was not widely used in Ukraine before.

The purpose of this publication is using the Indicators of Hydrologic Alterations method in order to study the characteristics of maximum runoff and their changes along the Southern Buh River.

The research was carried out based on the data of observations at 5 gauge stations located along the Southern Buh River. The research uses the mean daily discharges that has been recorded since the beginning of observations up to 2018 and 2019 inclusive. The river's runoff at each of gauge stations was divided into five components: "Extremely low runoff", "Low runoff", "High runoff pulses", "Small floods", "Large floods". This made it possible to separate three classes of high (maximum) runoff, for which the IHA statistics were calculated, from the total runoff.

It was discovered that the long-term high runoff changes differed in each of its three components, although they had general trends. The most significant changes were found for large floods, with no significant changes found for high runoff pulses. General trends of high runoff showed that over time the values of maximum discharges tend to decrease, with the increasing duration of high runoff periods.

The values of the main statistical indicators of high runoff gradually increase from the river's source to its mouth, which fully corresponds to the physical and geographical conditions of its formation. Nevertheless, some features of high runoff were still found. Thus small floods and high runoff pulses have the largest duration in the upper reach of the river.

On average, the Southern Buh River experiences large floods once in every 10 years, small floods - once in every 2 years, high runoff pulses - 4-8 times a year in its upper reach and 9-14 times a year in its middle reach.
Evaluation of sedimentation role of DREISSENA molluscs' population in the process of water quality control in Kakhovka Main Channel (Kherson Region)
Authors: Lukashov D. V. , Khokhlova L. K.
Published: July 2021

Ukraine has a unique natural resources potential and is one of the world's richest agricultural countries in terms of soil composition and land bioproductivity. More than 2/5 of its agricultural land is located within the steppe zone – a zone of unstable and insufficient humidification. The production of agricultural products under arid conditions largely depends on solving the problem of agricultural land artificial irrigation. Due to this, since the 1960s large-scale construction of amelioration facilities took place in Southern Ukraine, including construction of the Kakhovka Reservoir and the Kakhovka Irrigation System, the largest one in Europe. The quality of water intended for irrigation depends on a water source and internal physicochemical/biological processes observed in the amelioration system. The attached bivalve molluscs present an important biotic component of hydrotechnical amelioration systems. They form dense settlements on solid artificial substrates and are usually considered as a source of biological barriers that should be constantly fought against. However, their filtration and sedimentation role can exert influence on the processes of water self-purification. The study aims at evaluating the role of filtering molluscs fouling process when it comes to treatment of irrigation water from suspensions and removal of some heavy metals from the water column. The research is based on the results of field analysis of deposits sedimentation processes in the water column with the help of sedimentation traps at 5 stations along Kakhovka Main Channel. It was found that the total biomass of settlements of attached bivalve molluscs Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis that are present in the channel constitutes about 370 – 463 tons and they contribute to precipitation of 11.6 – 27.5 tons of suspended matter to the bottom sediments during summer months. This process is manifested in a decrease of suspended matter concentration in the water along the channel. Together with suspended matter 1.8 – 3.9 kg of Cr, 0.3 – 0.6 kg of Ni, 0.09 – 0.24 kg of Co, 0.08 – 0.18 kg of Pb, 0.088 – 0,144 kg of Cd also join the bottom sediments every month. Thus, the settlements of molluscs attached to the hydraulic structures can be considered as biological amelioration agents contributing to the improvement of irrigation water quality.
Role of green spaces for migration and setting of heavy metals (as illustrated by Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, Kyiv)
Authors: Tesolkina T. S. , Lukashov D. V.
Published: July 2021

Air pollution by heavy metals in the urbanized surroundings presents a serious threat to human health and the environment. Road dust is distinguished as a high-level pollutant and characterized by a significant content of heavy metals. Green spaces play a leading role when it comes to improving the quality of atmospheric air in megalopolises. They trap pollutants. Most of them settle on the surfaces of plant leaves, but some can be also absorbed through the stomata. As a result of these processes, pollutants, along with fallen leaves, can later migrate to other components of the ecosystem. An important component of this system is forest litter that plays a kind of trigger role by regulating the directions of substance flows in the “leaves-litter-soil” system, keeping chemical elements from leaching out and evenly distributing their inflows. Thus, forest litter functions as a sort of biogeochemical barrier and plays a leading role in the ability of ecosystems to self-regulate.

Thus, the purpose of this work was to assess the role of green spaces in improving the quality of atmospheric air in the urban surroundings and to conduct a preliminary assessment of the features of the processes of heavy metals transformation within the forest litter. The model site of research is located within the territory of Holosiivskyi forest, a part of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park (Kyiv). The content of heavy metals in the forest litter was determined using the methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results of the study of Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn content annual dynamics within the forest litter of the hornbeam forest of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park show that the maximum concentrations are typical for the summer period, when the litter reserves sharply decrease, and the minimum ones – for the autumn-winter period during their accumulation. Comparison of the distribution of heavy metals content within the leaf and fermented layers showed that, under the conditions of the model area, Zn, Cu, and Ni are predominantly accumulated right in the leaf layer of the forest litter. Moreover, it was revealed that the processes of leaf litter mineralization lead to migration of Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr, and setting of Zn.