bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of R Programming Language for ModellingIn vitroRumen Fermentation Gas Production
Authors: Herdian Hendra , Sofyan Ahmad , Sakti Awistaros Angger , Harahap Muhammad Ainsyar , Wulandari  , Widodo Slamet , Kusnadi Harwi , Anggraeni Ayu Septi , Darma I. Nyoman Guna
Published: January 2024

The in vitro gas production technique is one of the feed evaluation methods that capture the characteristics of rumen microbial fermentation in response to the gas produced by feed ingredients. The gas production response is related and modelled to a unit of time with several parameters using non-linear regression mathematical equations. To facilitate this task, a script program in R has been developed that can perform the intended calculations. The calculation process uses nonlinear mathematical equations with intercepts. The equation shows that gas production (P) (mL) is influenced by several constants that indicate the share of gas production from the soluble fraction (FA) (mL), gas production from the potentially soluble part (FB) (mL), gas production rate (KC) (mL/h) and incubation time (T) (h). In addition to P and T, the three constants are tried to be derived by the program created. The data set is taken from several in vitro gas production studies that have been conducted previously. The Neway Software program of curve fitting calculations was used to validate the results, as the mean difference was tested using an unpaired T-test. Both programs showed the same calculation results for FA (P=0.9996), FB (P=0.9998), and KC (P=0.9962). The residual standard error (RSE) and R-square (R2) values of both programs also came with the same result they were RSE (P =0.9978), and R2 (P=0.6087) respectively. This shows that the R program script made can carry out the calculation process of making a model of the gas production equation for modeling in vitro gas production from rumen fermentation.
The Effect of Eggshell Dipping with Various Types of Oils and Storage Duration on The Weight Loss and Shell Thickness of Table Eggs
Authors: Revanda Fahmi Axel , Puspitarini Oktavia Rahayu
Published: January 2024

Preserving eggs is very important to retain egg quality and increase shelf life, egg preservation is crucial. Eggs may be preserved by immersing them in several kinds of vegetable oil. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of dipping eggs in various types of oil and the duration of preservation on the shell thickness and weight loss of table eggs. The research material includes 45 chicken eggs, pure coconut oil, palm oil, maize (corn) oil, a screw micrometer, and a scale. The method utilized was experimental, employing factorials with a completely randomized design in a 3x5 factorial pattern and three (3) replications. Treatment A consists of oil types (A1 is pure coconut oil, A2 is palm oil, and A3 is maize (corn) oil), and treatment B: the storage duration of eggs at room temperature (including: 25 days for B1, 30 days for B2, 35 days for B3, 40 days for B4, and 45 days for B5). The variables that were noticed were the egg weight loss and shell thickness. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and further analyzed using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT), utilizing SPSS version 16.0. The results suggest that the interaction between the kind of oil and storage length didn’t have significant consequences (P>0.05) egg weight loss and shell thickness. The type of oil significantly affects (P<0.05) shell thickness. The storage duration at room temperature significantly affects (P<0.05) on the egg weight loss and shell thickness. In conclusion, the best treatment for dipping eggs is using pure coconut oil and storing them at room temperature for up to 40 days.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Exon-2 Growth Hormone (GH) Gene in Crossbred Chicken (Sentul X Arab) using PCR-RFLP Technique
Authors: IrmayaH Dika , Depison  , Ardiantoro Ari , Suyadi
Published: January 2024

The research aims to analyze the genetic diversity of the GH gene using the PCR-RFLP technique. Fifty blood samples were collected from crossed Sentul and Arab Chickens aged three months. DNA was extracted from whole blood samples, and its quantity was evaluated by bio-drop technique. Extracted DNA was amplified for gene GH using a PCR machine. The PCR product was restricted by MspI (C↓CGG) and Hae-III (GG↓CC) enzymes for identifying the fragment length diversity. The variables observed in this study were DNA quantitative analysis, the genotype, and alleles of the obtained genotype. The result shows the extracted DNA is of good quality because it has values >1.8 and <2.0, which means there’s no contamination in the DNA. GH gene was amplified with primers of 519 bp and showed that a DNA band matched the target in the specified primer design. Analysis of Genetic Diversity shows the monomorphic GH gene in this research. The genotype obtained at the GH-HaeIII locus is AA, and at the GH-MspI locus is TT. Both enzymes weren’t restricted to these amplification design sites.
Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Nutraceutical Compounds from Propolis on MAPK1 Protein Using Bioinformatics Approaches as Anti-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Siregar Khalish Arsy Al Khairy , Kustiawan Paula Mariana , Sari Anissa Nofita , Hermanto Feri Eko
Published: January 2024

This study explores the potential of propolis, a natural substance, as a gene therapy for treating COVID-19. Despite the advent of COVID-19 vaccines, their side effects pose new health challenges. Utilizing network pharmacology, this research identifies propolis compounds through various databases and assesses their ability to target proteins associated with COVID-19. MAPK1 emerges as a potential therapeutic target, and molecular docking reveals Broussoflavonol F, Glyasperin A, and Sulabiroins as promising compounds with strong binding affinities, i.e.,- 9.0, -9.0, and -8.8 kcal/mol, respectively, exceeding the native ligand (-7.2 kcal/mol). Molecular Dynamics displays stable complex behavior, with backbone RMSD values consistently below 4 Angstroms and RMSF simulations showing minimal fluctuations within ±2 Angstroms error. Moreover, MM-PBSA analysis further supports the strong binding of Broussoflavonol F, Glyasperin A, and Sulabiroins A, with relative binding energies of -122.82±89.65, 131.48±95.39, and -155.97±111,37 kJ/mol, respectively. These results indicate that propolis has potential as an anti-COVID-19 agent, primarily through inhibiting the MAPK1 pathway. However, further research is needed to validate these results and develop practical applications for COVID-19 therapy. This study underscores the significance of network pharmacology and computational models in understanding propolis mechanisms, offering potential directions for future research and treatment strategies against COVID-19.
Physicochemical Quality of Transparent Solid Soap with The Addition of Forest Honey (Apis dorsata) as An Environmentally Friendly Sanitizer
Authors: Susilo Agus , Pranowo Dodyk , Cahyati Miftakhul , Nurjannah  , Awaludin Prihanto Asep , Masyithoh Dewi , Fitria Pangesti Indha , Yuda Ihwanudin Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Soap is the result of a saponification reaction between fatty acids and bases, which produces soap and glycerol. Transparent solid soap has attracted public attention because it is more attractive and can be used as a body cleanser. Honey is known to contain secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which have antibacterial and anti-free radical activity. So, honey has been developed as a business innovation in product diversification. This research aims to determine the physicochemical quality and antioxidant activity of transparent solid soap with the addition of forest honey. The research method used was laboratory experiments with the addition of honey concentration to transparent soap formulations with concentration values of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results of the research show that transparent soap with the addition of honey has an average value for colors L*, a*, and b*, respectively, of 27.48– 40.60, (-5.12)–(1.40), 3.06–10.93. The pH value and texture of soap have an average value of 9.48–10.17 and 8.47–13.27 N, respectively. The percentage of water content and foaming power has an average of 10.73–13.42% and 73.64–87.72%, respectively. The free fatty acid content and antioxidant activity of soap have average values of 0.24–0.64 and 1.48–1.86 μg/mL. These results indicate that transparent solid soap with the addition of forest honey produces a quality that conforms to SNI 06-3532-1994 and SNI 3532:2016 in terms of physicochemical properties and contains high antioxidant activity.
Proteomic Examination of Cheese Slices With Smart Active Coating and Enhanced From Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata)
Authors: Dafista Dela , Wulansari Tri Mey , Nurfebriana Putri Selvia , Ovtavia Tiara Diva , Laudza Dafa Rafi’ul , Manab Abdul
Published: January 2024

Degenerative diseases are the number one disease in the world, especially in Indonesia, which causes almost 17 million people to die. One of the preventive efforts is by consuming foods that contain antioxidants, such as beta-carotene. This study aims to determine the activity of beta carotene and proteomic studies on cheese slices with the addition of beta carotene with treatment P0 (control), P1 (5% beta carotene), P2 (10% beta carotene), P3 (15% beta carotene). The variables of this research include proteomic analysis, fat content, water content, IC50 antioxidant activity, pH, WVP, antimicrobial, transparency, tensile strength, solubility, thickness, shelf life, and color. The research method used RAL with four treatments and three replications as a laboratory experiment. The research showed that the chromatogram of cheese slices with microbial rennet and the addition of beta carotene identified using LC-MS/MS showed that the peptides are β-casein and phenylalanine. The antioxidant test results showed that the greater the percentage of beta carotene addition, the better the IC50 value. The addition of beta carotene from pumpkin extract had a significant effect (P<0.01) on the antimicrobial properties of the coating, thickness, and fat content in cheese slices. Adding beta carotene from pumpkin extract significantly affects (P<0.05) pH and WVP values. However, the addition of beta carotene did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on the water content, antioxidant activity of cheese slices, solubility, transparency, and tensile strength of the coating.
The Effect of Closed House Cage Type on Broiler Rearing on Production Performance of Plasma Farms at PT. Mustika Jaya Lestari Madiun
Authors: Susanto Eko Prasetyo Bayu , Nursita Ita Wahju
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze the success rate of broiler rearing production performance based on the type of cage maintenance. The research material were 30 broiler farmer’s plasma farms at PT Mustika Jaya Lestari in Madiun, East Java, Indonesia, consisting of 17 modern closed house cage broiler farms and 13 semi-closed house cage broiler farms. The research method was a case study. The samples of plasma farmers were chosen by purposive sampling method of farmers groups who have broiler farming businesses, modern closed house (T1) and semi-closed house cage types (T2) in partnership with PT. Mustika Jaya Lestari in Madiun. Data collection techniques in this study were: surveys, interviews and documentation. The data was analyse using unpaired t-test. The results showed that modern closed housed (T1) had better (P<0.01) feed conversion (1.57 vs. 1.65), mortality rate (3.93% vs. 5.37%) and performance index (380.02 vs. 339.65) than semi-closed house cage types (T2). There is no difference (P>0.01) of feed consumption and final body weight of the animals. The conclusion of the study is that the production performance of broiler of modern closed house is better than semi-closed one.
The Effect of The Addition Herbal Dregs Fermentation as A Feed Additive on The Internal Quality Eggs of Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Prihatiningsih  , Sjofjan Osfar
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding herbal dregs as a feed additive to basal feed on the internal quality of quail eggs. This study used 200 quails of the Blaster strain aged 30 days, by placing 10 quail populations in each flock cage. The method used in this study was an experiment design using 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatment consisted of T0 = control treatment, T1 = 0.25% herbal dregs, T2 = 0.50% herbal dregs, T3 = 0.75% herbal dregs, and T4 = 0.1% herbal dregs. The observed variables are haugh unit, egg yolk volume, egg albumen volume, and egg yolk colour. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a Complete Randomized Design (CRD), followed by the Duncan Multiple Distance Test (DMRT) if there were significant differences. The results showed that the addition of herbal dregs to basal feed had no significant effect (P>0.05) on egg albumen volume, yolk volume, and haugh unit. On the other hand, it had a significant effect (P<0.05) on egg yolk colour. The conclusion of this study is that the addition of fermented herbal dregs can improve the internal quality of quail eggs, especially the colour of the yolk with the best herbal dregs fermentation treatment at 0.1%.
Effect of The Combination Phytobiotic and Probiotic on The External Quality of Mojosari Egg-Laying Ducks
Authors: Nuningtyas Yuli Frita , Natsir Muhammad Halim , Tistiana Heli
Published: January 2024

This study aims to evaluate the use of a combination between phytobiotics and probiotics on the external egg quality of laying ducks. One hundred Mojosari laying ducks were divided into 4 treatments and 5 replications, each replication with 5 ducks. The treatments were T1: control, T1: 0.25% combination, T2: 0.5% combination and T3: 0.75% combination. The variables observed were egg weight, egg length, egg width, and egg shape index. Observations on variables were carried out once a week for four weeks, each replicate using 2 eggs. The data was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) from a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), and then the significant difference continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Based on the results, it shows that the different levels of the combination of phytobiotics and probiotics showed significantly different results (p<0.05) on egg weight, however did not significantly different (p>0.05) on the egg length, egg width, and egg shape index. It can be concluded that the use of a 0.5 to 0.75 combination of phytobiotics and probiotics can improve the external quality of duck eggs.
Effect of Feeding A Combination of Probiotic Feed Additives, Phytobiotics, And Microencapsulated Acidifiers On Broiler Villi Characteristics
Authors: Kurnia Rahman Andhani , Widi Astuti Irma , Vinda Syahrira Aurel , Yhosi Setyawan Ardian , Budi Pratama Firmansyah , Djunaidi Irfan H.
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the addition of natural feed additives on the production performance and quality of broilers. The sample used in this study was DOC (Day Old Chicken) Cobb strain with the trademark CP 707 as many as 75 heads. The method used was experimentally designed using a completely randomized design with three treatments and five replicates using five broilers per replicate. The treatments were T0 = basal feed, T1 = basal feed with 0.5% natural feed additive, and T2 = basal feed with 1.0% natural feed additive. The variables used in this study include villous length, number of villi, and depth of villous crypts. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and continued with Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the test of villi characteristics using combination of probiotics-phytobiotics-acidifier microencapsulation gave a significantly different effect (P<0.05) on the number and depth of villi crypts, but gave a very significantly different effect (P<0.01) on villi length. The use of a combination of probiotics-phytobiotics-acidifiers gives effective results on the characteristics of intestinal villi in the ileum section giving good results at the level of use of 1.0% and can be used to replace antibiotics.
The Effectiveness of Using a Combination of Saponin and Vaccine Given In Ovo on Hatchability and Early Growth Performance of Local Chickens
Authors: Krisnan Rantan , Hidayat Cecep , Unadi Astu , Isbandi  , Rusdiana Supardi , Ginting Simon Petrus , Bakrie Bachtar , Talib Chalid , Tarigan Andi , Shiddieqy Mohammad Ikhsan , Hamdan Muhamad , Suhandi Andi , Widaringsih Winwin
Published: January 2024

A study has been carried out to determine the correct dosage for using a combination of saponin and vaccine in an in ovo formula on hatchability and early growth performance. There were four levels of saponin use (0.0; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5 microgram) arranged using a factorial design with two factors, namely saponin level as the first factor, while whether or not vaccine was used as the second factor, so there were eight formula combinations. Each formula combination was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline, then injected into the amnion of fertile eggs of Sentul chickens during incubation for 18 days (0.5 ml/egg) using an automatic injector machine with a 20G needle. The results showed that increasing saponin levels combined with vaccines as an ingredient in the in ovo feeding formula results in decreased hatchability. A very significant decrease occurred at the 4.5 µg level. The average hatchability of vaccine treatment was significantly better than those treated without vaccine. There is no interaction effect of the two materials on hatchability. However, the interaction effect was seen in all parameters of early growth performance of Sentul chicken during the 4 weeks of observation. The vaccine treatment will be more effective if it is used separately or not mixed with saponin (0.0 µg), while the use of saponin without vaccine will produce the best weight gain and feed efficiency when used at the highest dose level (4.5 µg).
Population and Production Dynamic of Peranakan Ongole Cattle in The Breeding Source Area
Authors: Herviyanto Doni , Nurgiartiningsih V.M. Ani , Kuswati Kuswati , Marjuki Marjuki
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this research was to figure out the population structure and productivity of Peranakan Ongole cattle in the breeding source area. The research was conducted from September 2022 to August 2023 in the breeding source area for Peranakan Ongole cattle, Napis village, Tambakrejo sub-district, Bojonegoro district, East Java province. Data was obtained by recording for 1 year on 1,015 heads Peranakan Ongole cattle. Research variables include population structure and cattle productivity. The results of population structure research showed that the number of male calves was 10.34%, female calves 8.13%, bulls 17.61%, and cows 63.93%. Peranakan Ongole cattle calf crop was 55.01%, calf births to the population were 37.04% with the number of male calves born at 53.46% and the number of female calves born at 46.54%. The percentage of cows to the population was 63.94%. The percentage of mortality to the population was 2.27%. Total livestock income to the population was 12.12% and total livestock output to the population was 31.13%. The natural increase in Peranakan Ongole cattle was 34.78%. The research results showed that the Calf crop value is quite good. To increase the percentage of calf crops, it is necessary to limit and select the production of prospective and productive heifers and cows. Prospective heifers and cows who are productive and have good potential must be preserved to increase the number of births and produce good-quality calves.
Effect of Addition of Pediococcus pentosaceus Strain N6 Isolate and Cassava Peel on Total Microbes and Gastrointestinal Organ Weight of Super Native Chicken
Authors: Br Ketaren Nurjama’yah , Yunilas  , Sartina Siregar Etti
Published: January 2024

The use of commercial antibiotics causes residues in chicken meat. The study aims to determine the best concentration between Pediococcus pentosaceus Strain N6 isolate and cassava peel flour on the weight of the digestive tract organs of super native chickens The study consisted of 2 stages. Stage I. Determination of the best synbiotic concentration. using a completely randomized design (CRD) 4 treatments and 5 replicates. Treatments consisted of R0 = 1 ml isolate without the addition of synbiotics, R1 = 1 ml + 3% isolate (0.3 g cassava peel flour), R2 = 1 ml + 6% isolate, and R3 = 1 ml + 9% isolate. The parameter observed was a total microbial colony (TPC). Phase II: addition of synbiotics to super native chicken feed. using RAL 4 treatments and 5 replicates. Treatment P0 = basal ration without synbiotic, P1 = basal ration + synbiotic 150 ml/kg ration, P2 = basal ration + synbiotic 300 ml/kg ration, and P3 = basal ration + synbiotic 450 ml/kg ration. Parameters measured: TPC, weight of digestive tract organs: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, test results, R3 produced TPC: 64 X 109 CFU/ml, decreased the weight of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (0.73%, 1.79% and 0.32%).
The Effect of Synchronizing with the PGF2α hormone on the Estrus Activity of Madura Cows
Authors: Luthfi Muchamad , Affandhy S Lukman , Wahjuningsih Sri , Ciptadi Gatot , Susilawati Trinil
Published: January 2024

This research aims to determine the biological response of administering the PGF2α hormone to the estrous activity of Madurese cows. This research method uses two observation techniques, namely estrus synchronization by administering the PGF2α hormone “Alfaglandin® C (Cloprostenol)” and observing natural estrus. The data were analyzed by using the t test using the Software for Research statistix 10. The results showed that the frequency of estrus at the same time of observation was not significantly different from the two treatments (p>0.05), the highest frequency of estrus occurred at 18.00-20.00 in synchronized cows or not. The results of visualization of estrus showed cervical mucus, swollen vulva, and vaginal pH had the same percentage, while the vaginal temperature and duration of estrus had different percentages. The conclusion of this study is the frequency of estrous events, estrus visualization (cervical mucus discharge, swollen vulva, vaginal pH, and length of estrus), and the appearance of cervical ferning has the same response, while estrus temperature has a variable response.
Formulating a Strategy for Development of Smallholder Beef Cattle Farming in Indonesia with the Force Field Analysis (FFA) Method
Authors: Amam Amam , Jadmiko Mochammad Wildan , Harsita Pradiptya Ayu , Rusdiana Supardi
Published: January 2024

Beef cattle farming in Indonesia is dominated by smallholder farms with a micro scale, which is less than 5 (five) heads, traditionally raised with limited resources, but is sustainable. This study aims to formulate a strategy for the development of smallholder beef cattle farms. Research data was obtained by means of Focus Group Discussion (FGD), filling out questionnaires, and in-depth interviews with key speakers. Data analysis using Force Field Analysis (FFA) method which is based on driving factors (D) and inhibiting factors (H). The results of the study found that the driving factors for the development of smallholder beef cattle farming in Indonesia are consumption needs and market availability, government policies and institutional, social and cultural support of the community, availability of animal feed sources, availability of upstream and downstream industries, as well as regional carrying capacity and the use of appropriate technology, while the inhibiting factors for the development of smallholder beef cattle in Indonesia are unowned livestock Fully business-oriented, livestock cultivation is family savings, market access and long marketing chains, limited resource accessibility, poor reproductive management and low feeder availability, as well as weak protection of live cattle selling prices and tends to fluctuate. The conclusion of the study shows that the driving factor (D) has a smaller value when compared to the inhibiting factor (H), so the proposed policy recommendation is to revitalize government policies that support the development of the agribusiness sector (upstream, onfarm, and downstream) and agro-industry of smallholder beef cattle initiated by farmer institutions.
Response of Goat Fed with Indigofera sp. and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott
Authors: Kaunang Charles L. , Lomboan Agustinus , Pudjihastuti Endang
Published: January 2024

This study evaluated the response of goat fed with Indigofera Sp. and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott. We randomly assigned fifteen goats with an initial body weight of ±20 kg into three treatments and five replications using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments were T0= 0% Indigofera sp. + 100% Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott T1 = 20% Indigofera sp. + 80% Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott, T2= 40% Indigofera sp. + 60% Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott. Data analysis was done with analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Duncan multiple range test. We assessed daily weight gain, dry matter intake, digestibility of dry matter, and feed efficiency as study outcomes. Feeding of Indigofera sp. and Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott in different doses significantly affected (p<0.05) dry matter digestibility, dry matter intake, daily weight gain and feed efficiency. In all variables, T2 significantly affected (p<0.05) all study outcomes compared to T1 and T0. Mean dry matter digestibility ranged from 41.5 to 65.0%. Mean dry matter intake ranged from 260.2 to 466.6 g/head/day. Mean daily weight gain ranged from 22.30 to 72.4 g/head/day. Mean feed efficiency in this study ranged from 22.30 to 72.4 g/head/day. We found an optimal response of goat after feeding with 60% Pennisteum purpureum cv. Mott + 40% Indigofera sp.
Effect of Nutmeg Meal on Microbial Abundance of Biohydrogenation Process, and Fatty Acid Profile of Goat Rumen Fluid In Vitro
Authors: Pratiwi Renna Ambar , Muhlisin Muhlisin , Astuti Andriyani , Hanim Chusnul , Kurniawati Asih
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nutmeg meal as a source of phenol on the abundance of dominant microbes in the biohydrogenation process and the fatty acid profile of goat rumen fluid in vitro. This study used a randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replicates of in vitro batches, each replicate in duplicate. The dietary treatments consisted of elephant grass (40%), soybean meal (10%), with varying proportion of wheat pollard, canola oil and nutmeg meal hence, treatment P0 (40:10:45:5:0); P1 (40:10:40:5:5); P2 (40:10:35:5:15); P3 (40:10:30:5:10). Fermentation using the in vitro gas production method described by Menke and Steinggas with an incubation period of 48 hours. Parameters observed included microbial abundance and fatty acid profile of goat rumen fluid. The statistical analysis showed that adding nutmeg meal starting at the 5% level decreased the abundance of the main biohydrogenation process bacteria anaerovibrio, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and pseudobutyrivibrio. Total saturated fatty acid and stearate fatty acid concentrations decreased (P<0.05), while total unsaturated fatty acid, linoleic and oleic acid concentrations increased (P<0.05).
Polymorphism of IGFBP7 gene (g.72351183 A>C) and its association with mineral content and cholesterol of Indonesian lamb meat
Authors: Komarudin  , Listyarini Kasita , Budiman Cahyo , Sumantri Cece , Gunawan Asep
Published: January 2024

The genetic improvement of sheep for higher productivity and meat quality is strongly needed due to the increasing demand for meat sheep. Insulin growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) has been reported as a potential gene which has a substantial role in meat quality. The objective of the study was to identify IGFBP7 gene polymorphisms and their association with minerals and cholesterol in Indonesian lamb meat. The study used 130 rams consisting of local and crossbred sheep. The local sheep were Javanese thin-tailed, Javanese fat-tailed, and Jonggol sheep. The crossbred sheep were Compass agrinak, Composite garut agrinak and Bahtera agrinak sheep. The identification of polymorphism was using PCR-RFLP method. The association analysis was obtained using a general linear model. The results showed that IGFBP7 (g.72351183 A>C) was polymorphic in local and crossbred sheep. The IGFBP7 was significantly associated with cholesterol in crossbred (P<0.01), whereas the AA genotype had the lowest cholesterol. Cholesterol in crossbred sheep also was higher (P<0.01) compared to local sheep for all observed genotypes. IGFBP7 gene was not significantly associated with minerals and cholesterol (P>0.05) in local sheep. It is concluded that IGFBP7 gene seems promising as a genetic marker for cholesterol level in Indonesian crossbred sheep.
Improving the productivity of Joper chickens with fermented soy milk waste (SMW)
Authors: Haryuni Nining , Arif Tribudi Yuli , Hasanah Niswatin , Angga Prastya Ragil
Published: January 2024

The productivity of Joper chickens can be increased by improving feed quality using fermentedsoy milk waste(SMW). This research was carried out using 100 day olds chick (DOC) Joper in healthy conditions using a completely randomized design (RAL). The 5 dietary treatments of fermented SMW at levels in feed (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) with each treatment consisting of 5 DOC Joper and was repeated 4 times. SMW in this study was fermented using effective microorganism 4 (EM-4) at a dose of 7.50% of the weight of SMW. Statistical analysis showed that the fermented SMW level significantly (p<0.01) increased feed intake, body weight gain and body weight of Joper chickens and reduced mortality and FCR. The average feed intake ranged from 2071.50-2207.00 g/head; body weight gain (14.71-25.55 g/bird/day); body weight (556.00-934.25 g/bird); mortality (0.84-1.25%) and FCR (2.34-3.75). It can be concluded that improving feed using fermented SMW can increase the productivity of Joper chickens. The best productivity of Joper chickens was using 15% SMW.
Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristic of Thin and Fat Tailed Sheep
Authors: Afghani Andien Huli , Mashudi Mashudi , Ndaru Poespitasari Hazanah , Novianti Irida , Pramujo Muhammad
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristic of Thin and Fat Tail Sheep. The study starts from August 2023 until December 2023 in PT Juara Agroniaga Sejahtera, Jepangrejo Village, Blora City District, Blora Regency. The material used in this study was 39 Thin-tailed Sheep and 28 Fat-tailed Sheep aged 1-2 years. The variables measured where Quantitative data were body height (BH), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), body weight (BW), and Qualitative data were fur color and horn. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation, and regression method. The results of this study showed that the correlation between body height (BH), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC) with body weight (BW) in DET and DEG were 0.62, 0.71, 0.72, 0.27, 0.69, 0.65 respectively. The results of this study showed that the regression between body height (BH), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC) with body weight (BW) in DET and DEG were BW = -14.03 + 0.71 BH; BW = -15.45 + 0.74 BL; BW = -21.95 + 0.65 CC and BW = 8.69 + 0.33 BH; BW = -6.76 ± 0.59 BL; BW = -19.43 ± 0.65 CC respectively. The results of this study showed that the dominant wool color pattern of DET is single white, 74.36% white, 15.38% black, and 5.13% brown and DEG is single white, 67.86% white, 14.29% black, and 7.14% brown. DET was 2.56% with horn then 97.44% without horn and DEG is 100% without horn.
Dialectics of wellness: philosophical practice in Chinese contexts
Authors: Chai Fangyuan , Wang Yi , Ma Jiajia , Han Tingting
Published: January 2024

This study delves into the potential of philosophical practice to enhance individual well-being within the Chinese cultural context. It begins with an exploration of the foundational components and methodologies of philosophical practice, illuminating its dialogic nature, problem-solving orientation, and focus on self-development. A comparative analysis between philosophical practice and psychological counseling is offered, indicating the former’s uniqueness in fostering equal-footing client-practitioner relationships and empowering individuals through questioning. Emphasizing the significance of these practices’ contextual applications, the study elaborates on how philosophical practice aligns with traditional Chinese dialectic principles like holism, change, and conflict acceptance. Opportunities and challenges for expanding philosophical practice within China are presented, discussing cultural nuances like introversion and stigma around mental health services. The study concludes by highlighting the limitations and suggesting directions for future investigations, underscoring the importance of cultural responsiveness and termination protocol development. Ultimately, this examination concentrates on the promising prospect of philosophical practice serving as a practical guide towards enriched existential comprehension and adaptive coping strategies that promote overall well-being in China.
Ultra-broad band plasma–graphene absorber at millimeter-wave frequency bands
Authors: Felegari Nader , Javadzadeh S. Mohammad Hassan
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces a new absorber that can effectively absorb millimeter wave frequencies. The design involves stacking foam, plasma, and laminated graphene sheets on a perfect electric conductor substrate. The absorber can generate a wideband effect on electromagnetic waves by combining graphene layers and a plasma medium. The absorption and bandwidth of the plasma slab depend on various parameters like plasma frequency, collisional rate, and thickness. By tuning the plasma frequency ωp (rad/s), average collision frequency υp(Hz), Fermi energy of graphene sheets, and thickness of the foam and plasma layers, the benefit of wideband and good absorption considering reflection amplitude lower than −15 dB, an ultra-bandwidth from 32 to 150 GHz can be achieved. This structure has multiple layers that have bandgap and band-stop regions. These regions are associated with the cavities of dielectric slabs that have graphene sheets. These regions are identified as coupled Fabry–Pérot resonances, which can induce multiple interference effects in multi-reflection for the incident electromagnetic waves, resulting in high-level absorption. Understanding and controlling these resonances is crucial for optimizing the performance of such systems. An equivalent circuit model has been used to predict the absorber's performance. The proposed absorber has a symmetrical structure that reacts similarly to transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic waves. The frequency range of the absorber has been studied to determine the effects of the graphene sheets' relaxation time and voltage biasing. The absorber offers advantages such as being thin, having a wide bandwidth, and being insensitive to polarization.
Flexible, high temperature resistant and highly efficient E-heating graphene/polyimide film
Authors: Xu Zhengwu , Tang Dewen , Shen Wenxin , Jiang Rui , Lu Mingxu
Published: January 2024

Carbon/polymer-based flexible electrothermal films, as a Joule heating material with excellent electrothermal properties, good formability, and lightweight, are a very needed material in aircraft wing de-icing systems, flexible electric heating elements, and low-voltage wearable devices. In this study, a series of flexible electrically heated films were successfully prepared using polyimide (PI) as the film-forming substrate and graphene (GE) as the conductive filler. The effects of graphene content on the morphology, microstructure, and electrothermal properties, as well as the mechanical flexibility of the electrothermal films, were systematically investigated. The results showed that the GE/PI electrothermal films not only retained the good electrical conductivity of graphene but also had the excellent mechanical properties and high heat resistance of polyimide. The electric heating film with the addition of 8 wt. % GE can quickly reach 390 °C at 24 V with uniform temperature distribution, and the mass loss at 500 °C is only 0.98 wt. %. A wide range of applications exist in fields such as flexible electric heating elements.
Time-dependent dielectric breakdown of SiC-CMOS technology for harsh environments
Authors: Masunaga Masahiro , Sasago Yoshitaka , Mori Yuki , Hisamoto Digh
Published: January 2024

To estimate the failure time of silicon carbide (SiC) integrated circuits in harsh environments, the activation energy (Ea) and field acceleration factor of SiC n-channel MOS (nMOS) and p-channel MOS (pMOS) were measured using time-dependent dielectric breakdown testing at constant voltage stress in the range of 25–350 °C. Ea around 300 °C was 0.7 eV for nMOS and 0.66 eV for pMOS, which was about twice as high as that below 150 °C and did not differ greatly depending on the conductivity type. The gate dielectric breakdown mechanism shifted from the 1/E model to the E model as the temperature rose, and this is thought to have caused the Ea to change. The field acceleration factor in the E model at 300 °C was 2.7 and 2.3 cm/MV for nMOS and pMOS, respectively. The maximum operating electric fields of nMOS and pMOS for a 100-year lifetime are 6.8 and −7.2 MV/cm, which are over 25% lower than the fields at room temperature, mainly due to a shift in the dominant breakdown model. A more conservative failure time design will be required for SiC-ICs exposed to high temperatures.
Physical modeling for photo-capacitance characteristics of metal oxide TFTs
Authors: Li Haoyang , Zuo Wencai , Li Feifan , Zhou Zhaohua , Xu Miao , Wang Lei , Wu Weijing , Peng Junbiao
Published: January 2024

We propose an amorphous metal oxide thin film transistor photo-capacitance model in the depletion region that takes Fermi level splitting and band-bending rearrangement into consideration. The split Fermi level is used to characterize the variation in trapped electrons under illumination. Those trapped electrons are excited by optical energy transport under the electric field induced by gate voltage, changing the charge density in the space charge and inducing the rearrangement of band bending. By comparing the data calculated from the model with the test data under three different illumination conditions, that is, 808, 635, and 520 nm, we verify the correctness of this model. Furthermore, the fitting results were in accordance with the general law: the higher the photon energy, the higher the energy level splitting.
Role of oxide barrier in a NbOx layer with noninert electrodes for high-yield threshold switching characteristics
Authors: Choi Hyeonsik , Kim Hyun Wook , Hong Eunryeong , Kim Nayeon , Jeon Seonuk , Kim Yunsur , Woo Jiyong
Published: January 2024

This study shows how the threshold switching (TS) characteristics of a NbOx layer with noninert W electrodes can be improved by introducing an oxide barrier. The ∼10-nm-thick NbOx layer exhibits TS, which is known to originate from NbO2, after electroforming. However, an unwanted formation of a Nb2O5 layer at the top electrode (TE) interface has been observed, which deteriorates the TS, given the switching capability of Nb2O5. Therefore, a thin oxide layer was introduced to overcome the issue and enhance the TS behavior. Furthermore, the role of the oxide barrier is investigated systematically considering its location and unique properties. This study reveals that depositing a barrier at the bottom electrode interface makes the formation of NbO2 difficult, resulting in poor TS behavior, while placing the barrier at the TE interface could mitigate the Nb2O5 creation, promoting TS. Finally, the effect of incorporating various oxide types has been investigated, showing different switching behavior. Through examining the temperature dependence of the TS obtained from the W/NbOx/W and W/ZrO2/NbOx/W stacks, it was found that the suppression of Nb2O5 at the top interface is indirectly shown as a strengthened Schottky barrier from an electrical measurement perspective. As a result, excellent cell-to-cell uniformity of the TS is achieved in the ZrO2/NbOx stack, which not only prevents the formation of Nb2O5 but also stabilizes NbO2 in the NbOx layer.
Doping effect on magnetic properties of high-temperature multiferroic compound YBaCuFeO5
Authors: Yasui Yukio , Kihara Shiori , Ikeda Kota , Banshodani Taichi
Published: January 2024

We have investigated the impurity effects on magnetic properties for the oxygen-deficiency ordered perovskite YBaCuFeO5, which has multiferroic phenomenon at TN2 = 319 K. The measurements of the magnetic susceptibility χ have been carried out for the polycrystalline samples of YBaCu1-xMxFeO5 (M = Ni, Mn, and Zn), where the Cu2+ spins (S = 1/2) are partially substituted by the nonmagnetic and magnetic ions. From anomalies of the temperature dependence of χ, the doping concentration dependences of the magnetic transition temperatures such as TN1 and TN2, were determined. With increasing the doping concentration for YBaCu1-xMxFeO5 (M = Ni, Mn, and Zn), the value of TN1 decreases, and that of TN2 increases, and two magnetic transitions become one at x = xc. In the doping region of x > xc, the magnetic behaviors of the magnetic ions doped systems are different from that of the nonmagnetic one. In particular, we found that two magnetic transitions newly appear for the Ni- and Mn-doped systems in the region of x > xc. Based on the obtained results, we discussed the physics of impurity effects on the magnetic transitions for the high-temperature multiferroic compound YBaCuFeO5.
Movements of platypuses around and through instream structures and natural barriers in the Jenolan Karst Conservation Reserve, New South Wales
Authors: Musser Anne , Grant Tom , Turak Eren
Published: January 2024

Severe flooding in early 2020 and 2021 necessitated major desedimentation works at the iconic Blue Lake in the Jenolan Karst Conservation Reserve (JKCR). Movements and behaviour of platypuses were monitored before, during and after these works, using direct observations, remote cameras and environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling. Platypuses were observed along a 3 km reach of the Jenolan River, including the areas where works occurred, although in low numbers. In their use of the available waterways, platypuses negotiated artificial barriers, including a 10 m high dam, two smaller weirs and natural waterfalls and cascades. Overland movements were detected through vegetation tunnels, drainage pipes and culverts, and individuals were seen entering the cave system, where eDNA was also detected. Platypuses responded to the works activity by foraging outside the affected areas but also continued to traverse these areas from time to time. We describe movements around and through instream infrastructure and past natural barriers and report on other species detected by remote cameras. These observations could help planning and deployment of bypasses suitable for movement of platypuses around anthropogenic barriers and provide insights into impediments to dispersal and gene flow within stream systems.
The planetary commons: A new paradigm for safeguarding Earth-regulating systems in the Anthropocene
Authors: Rockström Johan , Kotzé Louis , Milutinović Svetlana , Biermann Frank , Brovkin Victor , Donges Jonathan , Ebbesson Jonas , French Duncan , Gupta Joyeeta , Kim Rakhyun , Lenton Timothy , Lenzi Dominic , Nakicenovic Nebojsa , Neumann Barbara , Schuppert Fabian , Winkelmann Ricarda , Bosselmann Klaus , Folke Carl , Lucht Wolfgang , Schlosberg David , Richardson Katherine , Steffen Will
Published: January 2024

The Anthropocene signifies the start of a no-analogue trajectory of the Earth system that is fundamentally different from the Holocene. This new trajectory is characterized by rising risks of triggering irreversible and unmanageable shifts in Earth system functioning. We urgently need a new global approach to safeguard critical Earth system regulating functions more effectively and comprehensively. The global commons framework is the closest example of an existing approach with the aim of governing biophysical systems on Earth upon which the world collectively depends. Derived during stable Holocene conditions, the global commons framework must now evolve in the light of new Anthropocene dynamics. This requires a fundamental shift from a focus only on governing shared resources beyond national jurisdiction, to one that secures critical functions of the Earth system irrespective of national boundaries. We propose a new framework—the planetary commons—which differs from the global commons framework by including not only globally shared geographic regions but also critical biophysical systems that regulate the resilience and state, and therefore livability, on Earth. The new planetary commons should articulate and create comprehensive stewardship obligations through Earth system governance aimed at restoring and strengthening planetary resilience and justice.
Amino acid and protein specificity of protein fatty acylation in
Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhang Bingsen , Yu Yan , Fox Bennett W. , Liu Yinong , Thirumalaikumar Venkatesh P. , Skirycz Aleksandra , Lin Hening , Schroeder Frank C.
Published: January 2024

Protein lipidation plays critical roles in regulating protein function and localization. However, the chemical diversity and specificity of fatty acyl group utilization have not been investigated using untargeted approaches, and it is unclear to what extent structures and biosynthetic origins of
S
-acyl moieties differ from
N
- and
O
-fatty acylation. Here, we show that fatty acylation patterns in
Caenorhabditis elegans
differ markedly between different amino acid residues. Hydroxylamine capture revealed predominant cysteine
S
-acylation with 15-methylhexadecanoic acid (isoC17:0), a monomethyl branched-chain fatty acid (mmBCFA) derived from endogenous leucine catabolism. In contrast, enzymatic protein hydrolysis showed that N-terminal glycine was acylated almost exclusively with straight-chain myristic acid, whereas lysine was acylated preferentially with two different mmBCFAs and serine was acylated promiscuously with a broad range of fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid. Global profiling of fatty acylated proteins using a set of click chemistry–capable alkyne probes for branched- and straight-chain fatty acids uncovered 1,013
S
-acylated proteins and 510 hydroxylamine-resistant
N
- or
O
-acylated proteins. Subsets of
S
-acylated proteins were labeled almost exclusively by either a branched-chain or a straight-chain probe, demonstrating acylation specificity at the protein level. Acylation specificity was confirmed for selected examples, including the
S
-acyltransferase DHHC-10. Last, homology searches for the identified acylated proteins revealed a high degree of conservation of acylation site patterns across metazoa. Our results show that protein fatty acylation patterns integrate distinct branches of lipid metabolism in a residue- and protein-specific manner, providing a basis for mechanistic studies at both the amino acid and protein levels.