bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Boys’ Empowerment on Academic Achievement among Lower Primary School Boys in Mombasa County, Kenya
Authors: Okello Petra Atieno , Waithaka Esther
Published: July 2019

Boy child empowerment is a topic that is emphasized among many educationists today. It has been proven that pupils who receive proper empowerment tend to excel academically as compared to their counterparts who do not. Boys and girls need to be targets in these empowerment programmes. However, in recent years, it has been observed that boys are usually left out of the school empowerment programmes. There is no much research to explain if this is the reason as to why the academic achievement of boys in the recent years is dwindling while girls within same schools perform very well. This study sought to interrogate if there is any relationship between empowerment of the lower primary schoolboys child and his academic performance. The theory that guided this study is the empowerment theory by Zimmerman.  Gaps identified in the literature reviewed include; first, there is no ready literature directly relating the role of male teachers and the academic achievement of boys. Secondly, there is also no adequate literature showing whether boys taught by predominantly female teachers perform dismally in academics. The role of attitude is not adequately researched in relation to the variables under this study. There is evidently a gap in knowledge as to whether empowering boys in early childhood influences their academic achievement positively or not. Much of the knowledge available concerns older children and this leaves the formative years unattended and under researched. This gap in knowledge made this study very relevant and critical. The study applied the descriptive research design. Purposive sampling was used to sample schools where the study will be conducted. The simple random sampling was used in coming up with the learners and teachers who would take part in the study. A pilot study was done to test the tools. Questionnaires, interview schedules, achievement test and observation checklists were used to collect data. The data was collected over a period of three months. The data was then analyzed and presented using frequency distribution tables, bar graphs and pie charts. The study concluded that; the strategies used to empower boys are effective, there are no regular empowerment programs for boys in schools, the empowerment of boys in schools face several challenges that negatively impact the boys and that the male teachers are conspicuously missing in the preschools. Practical recommendations were made to school managers, curriculum developers and policy makers.
Strategic Innovation and Service Delivery in Public Universities in Kenya: A Case of Kenyatta University
Authors: Maroa Stella Gati , Namusonge Mary
Published: July 2019

Strategic innovation is a strategic tool that can be used to align the institution’s resources and capabilities with opportunities in the external environment in order to enhance survival and long term success of the organization.  Innovation promotes use of technology consequently impacting positively on service delivery. Public universities reforms have been a necessary and on-going policy objective for the Government of Kenya. Innovation as one of the approaches to the reforms is intended to induce an overhaul the public university system to better serve the needs of both government and the citizens with improved delivery of public services. In Kenya technology in public institutions has not been effectively used to enhance service delivery more so institutions where technology use has been embraced, its impact on service delivery has not been assessed effectively. This study applied the institutional theory, diffusion of innovation theory and stakeholders theory of management to determine how strategic innovation at Kenyatta University impacts on service delivery. The general objective of this study therefore was to determine the effect of strategic innovation on service delivery in Kenyatta University. Specific objectives included finding out the influence of eLearning, online student registration and use of e-messaging services on service delivery in Kenyatta University. A population of 72,000 students admitted to Kenyatta University was used from which random sampling was conducted to a sample of 200 students using Nassiuma’s formula. Data was collected by disbursing physically the questionnaires to the students. Descriptive and regression analysis was conducted using SPSS 22 to provide findings on the study. The study conducted a multiple regression analysis to estimate the model for the study. The study had a coefficient of correlation R of 0.912 an indication of strong of correlation between the variables and a coefficient of adjusted R2 was 0.814.This means that there was a significant correlations between the variables and service delivery at Kenyatta University however other factors that are not considered in the research paper contribute approximately 18.6% of the service delivery at Kenyatta University. Therefore, a very extensive further research is highly required to investigate and come up with other factors of the viability to service delivery at Kenyatta University. The study concluded that the strategic innovation of the public universities ranges from the products and services offered and is determined by the technology that is revolutionizing the current global world and has improved the service delivery at Kenyatta University. A strategic innovation brings a lot of advantages and has a great impact on human and business daily life. Therefore, strategic innovation development is the best choice in helping higher institution of learning stay on track.
Staff Development and Employee Performance in Kenya Commercial Bank in Nyeri County, Kenya
Authors: Muthee John Gituri , Genga Phelgonah
Published: July 2019

The study intended to investigate the effect of staff development on employee performance in KCB Bank Branches in Nyeri County. Training and staff development is very crucial in the overall performance of the employee. The performance of the employees has a direct impact on the organizational performance and competitiveness. Staff development is not cheap in short run but in the long - run is beneficial. The study intended to investigate and establish the training and development programmes at KCB Bank. The study also intended to establish the: training programmes at KCB; effect of training policies on employee performance at KCB; the influence of orientation on employee performance at KCB and the effect of mentorship towards employee performance at KCB. The study was conducted at KCB Bank Nyeri County, Kenya where there are five branches. The target population was one hundred and sixty (160 employees) consisting of three (3) different ranks of top branch management, middle level branch management and lower level branch management. The researcher conducted a census on the top level, middle level and lower level branch management with a total of 160 questionnaires distributed. A total of 119 questionnaires were duly filled and returned representing a response rate of 74%.  Primary data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics. The findings from the study indicated that training programmes, training policies, orientation and mentorship all have a positive correlation with the employee performance. Demographic information was analyzed as well and presented in tables. The research findings indicated that the bank has a variety of training programmes, well – structured and documented training policies, orientation programmes and mentorship programmes.  The study recommends that a variety of training policies and programmes should be initiated. These policies and programmes should be well documented and communicated.  The study recommends that a study of the whole of the banking sector should be conducted to establish whether the results will be replicated. A longitudinal study should also be conducted to establish the relationship over time.
Strategy Implementation Practices on Performance of Solid Waste Disposal Management in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Ajega Pamela , Genga Phelgona
Published: July 2019

Solid Waste Management is a real and constant concern, which has led to the Nairobi County to develop a strategic plan to help improve the performance of solid waste management within the county. This study sought to investigate the effect of strategic implementation practices on solid waste disposal management in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. The specific objectives included to investigate the effects of organizational culture on performance of solid waste disposal management in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya; to determine the extent to which organizational structure influence performance of solid waste disposal management in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya; to establish the effect of organization resources on performance of solid waste disposal management in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya and to assess the effect of leadership on the performance of solid waste disposal management in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Primary data was collected using questionnaires that were pilot tested to ensure it collected valid and reliable data. The questionnaires were self-administered and the respondents were required to fill them and then they were collected to avoid contaminating responses. The study concludes that shared values made the staffs to work as a team realizing high performance on cleaning the environment, culture aimed at pulling resources to boost their operational effectiveness in managing of solid waste and adoption of organizational culture was a sign of commitment to the firm and its agenda.  The structure emphasized the division in labor per specialization which had improved performance and coordination at the workplace enhanced the results of solid waste disposal. Leadership steered all staff towards improved performance and leaders had a clear communication channel that ensured high performance. The study recommends that consistent culture needs to greatly influence employee performance in the firm. Culture needs to be supportive of individual efforts leading to high performance in solid waste management and employees need to align their culture to the organizational strategies in order to improve their performance in management of solid waste. Organizational structure ought to aim at creating synergy between teams at the firm and employees’ opinions ought to be included in the decision-making process at firm level, which ought to boost morale. A team of experienced personnel ought to be present leading to high performance in solid waste management.  Availability of machines and equipment ought to lead to improvement in management of solid waste disposal.  Leaders need to ensure a conducive workplace to improve performance and leaders need to be competent in running solid waste disposal operations.
Indirect Methods for Evaluating the In-Situ Performance of Building Base Isolation
Authors: Villot Michel , Trevisan Benjamin , Grau Loïc , Jean Philippe
Published: July 2019

Mitigation measures against railway vibration in buildings include elastomeric mounts or springs inserted between building foundations and upper-structures. This paper aims at evaluating on site the field performance of such building base isolation. Two performance indicators are defined
and used, both expressed as insertion gain: a Power Flow insertion Gain (PFIG) based on the power transmitted to the building upper-structure, and a Building Insertion Gain Indicator (BIGI) based on the building floor velocities. The paper shows that both indicators can be used to evaluate
the field performance of base-isolated buildings: the PFIG can be indirectly obtained from local measurements of the isolator transmissibility and some knowledge of the mobility magnitudes of the building structures in contact and the BIGI indirectly obtained from measurements of the treated
building transmissibility (as defined in ISO/TS 14837-31) and some knowledge of the transmissibility of similar but untreated buildings. The methods are successfully validated using a numerical model of a 2D ground-building configuration easy to calculate and assumed realistic enough. The
paper ends with a discussion on the practicality of obtaining these performances on- site in real buildings.
Sound Source Localization Using Head-Related Transfer Functions and Weighted Error Function
Authors: Hwang Sungmok
Published: July 2019

This study proposes a sound source localization method using binaural input signals. The method is based on the head-related transfer function (HRTF) database and the interaural transfer function (ITF) obtained from two measured input signals. An algorithm to reduce the effect of background
noise on the localization performance in a noisy environment was adopted in the proposed localization method. Weighted error functions (WEFs), defined using the ITF and the ratio of HRTFs for two ears, were used with a special frequency weighting function derived to reduce the effect of noise
and to render the WEF a physical meaning. Computer simulations confirmed that the weighting function can effectively reduce the effect of background noise on the localization performance even if the noise power is very high. Localization tests in an actual room confirmed that both the azimuth
and elevation angles of sound source can be estimated simultaneously with high accuracy. In particular, the front-back and updown confusions, which are critical limitations for conventional localization methods, could be resolved using two input signals.
Leprosy: demographic and clinical characteristics of patients of endemic area in Amazon Region
Authors: Pires Carla Andréa Avelar , Nascimento Mayara Silva , Cunha Alyne Condurú dos Santos , Biasi Beatriz Hosana , Neves Bianca Sousa de Almeida , Alves Cynthia Luciene Pereira , Batista Danilo Dos Santos , Sobrinho Josué Da Silva Neves , Xavier Marília Brasil
Published: July 2019

Introduction: The hyperendemicity of leprosy in the northern region permeates regional aspects, including its large territorial extension and waterways, which make it difficult to access health and, consequently, control the disease. So that, the objective of this project is to describe the demographic and clinical profile of patients with leprosy and to evaluate their intradomiciliary contacts.

Methods and findings: Observational, descriptive study, type of case series, through interview and complementary analysis of the medical records of patients undergoing specific treatment and / or treatment of leprosy reactions followed at the Dermatology outpatient clinic of the University of the State of Pará, in the city of Belém-PA, from January 2015 to December 2017. With convenience sampling, we interviewed 83 patients that met the inclusion criteria and collected socioeconomic and demographic variables, as well as clinical aspects based on the Madrid classification. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied as: tables, graphs and statistical measures of position and Test G, with alpha significance = 0,05 and reliability of 95%. The predominance of males was observed (60.24%), the most affected age group was between 30 and 44 years old and the majority with incomplete secondary education. The predominant family income was up to 1 minimum wage. The most frequent clinical type was Virchowian (38 patients). Most of the patients did not present leprosy reaction and those who presented, the type 1 reaction was the most frequent and the nerve most affected was ulnar.

Conclusion: Prevalence of multibacillary cases is a reflex of late diagnosis. It is important that there be intensification of actions and monitoring and active search for new cases.
First data on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates in Lebanon
Authors: Hamze Monzer , Osman Marwan , Mallat Hassan , El Achkar Marcel
Published: July 2019

Background. Moraxella catarrhalis is an important bacterial pathogen. Although national data have shown an increase in the levels of antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings in Lebanon, there is a lack of data regarding this human pathogen. This study aimed to determine for the first time the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of M. catarrhalis isolates in Lebanon.

Methods. A total of 34 M. catarrhalis strains were isolated from clinical specimens during the period from November 2010 to March 2019. Bacterial identification was carried out using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility of all isolates was performed according the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST).

Results. A total of 34 non-duplicated M. catarrhalis strains were isolated from nose (n=19), ear (n=7), sputum (n=5), blood (n=1), eye (n=1), and throat (n=1) of patients referred to Nini Hospital in Tripoli, North governorate of Lebanon. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility rates, the percent susceptibility is 100% to the majority of antibiotics, except ampicillin (7.4%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (85.3%), nalidixic acid (85.3%), and ciprofloxacin (97.1%).

Conclusion. To our knowledge, this study is the first investigation regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of M. catarrhalis isolates in Lebanon. In addition to the high level of resistance to ampicillin, our findings showed the emergence of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Even if this study provides useful information to develop effective empirical treatment, we recommend the implementation of reliable diagnostic tools to guide appropriate treatment.
The Quest for New Empowered Citizen Scientists
Authors: Rovellotti Olivier , Corny Julien , Voundy El-Makki
Published: July 2019

Citizen science is well-known as being a very efficient means collecting large amounts of data at a global scale. However, even if it seems nice to collect observations about flowering plants and singing birds, people living in today’s world need to understand this global biodiversity crisis is here to stay. We need to move past the human sensor paradigm and learn to incorporate the general public in the entire research process. We need to move from cheap data labour to truly empowered citizen scientists and realise that stakeholders may not have complex scientific questions but still have questions about their environment. We need to move from citizen science to participatory science (Hinckson et al. 2017,Katapally 2019,Poncet and Turcati 2017), if we want to tackle the challenges we will be facing in the coming years.

Natural Solutions has developed a number of gamified citizen science applications in the past (ecoBalade, Biolit, Sauvage de ma rue, INPN espèces, GeoNature Citizen), through which we have gained a good understanding of what works. Our last project is to create a citizen acting mobile platform using cognitive bias to nudge citizen in acting toward biodiversity. The application will be part of the IUCN congress taking part in Marseille in 2020.
Women and science: Reflections on female access to university studies in Chile in the 20th century
Authors: Landaeta Sepúlveda Romané V.
Published: July 2019

This text examines the different stages of women’s access to higher education in Chile throughout the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It inquires into the reflections that emerged on the need to educate women in Latin America, examines the scientific development of women in Chilean universities and It investigates the debates that emerged in the Chilean society regarding to the entry of women in the University. The paper also makes a reflexion about the problems that women had to face they made the decision to enter in the university.
Sensibility, Self-Control, and Friendship in the Writings of the Princess of Carignano, Caluso and Alfieri
Authors: Cabot Aria Zan
Published: July 2019

Au dix-huitième siècle, la sensibilité est souvent associée à l’amitié, considérée comme un mode de relation essentiellement masculin. La princesse de Carignano met en cause cette distinction sexuée entre amitié et amour dans son autoportrait littéraire. Elle y rend compte de sa tentative de dominer les passions et de se montrer capable d’entretenir un commerce intellectuel et affectif avec des membres de l’élite littéraire italienne, dont Vittorio Alfieri et Tommaso Valperga di Caluso.
Illegal cannabis cultivation in Europe: new developments
Authors: Weinberger David , Gandilhon Michel , Shah Jalpa , Lalam Nacer
Published: July 2019

Herbal cannabis is one of the most consumed illegal drugs in Europe, with increasing local production. Illicit cannabis cultivation is not new to Western Europe. It first emerged on the scene in the 1970s, in the wake of the counter-culture following the 1968 Protests. Since then, it has gradually become more professional due to the increased diversification of involved actors, such as Organized Crime Groups (OCG), and the growing role of players linked to mafia organizations in both Italy and Albany. In Spain and France, where Moroccan resin has long dominated supply and demand, the cannabis market has seen a rise in herbal cannabis production. This, in turn, challenges the role of OCGs invested in resin importation. Yet, European marihuana production cannot be defined as a strictly criminal business. Small growers remain significant actors in production. This trend in production must be examined against evolving attitudes towards marihuana at the global level, linked especially to new legislation in the United States and in Canada.
Academic Entitlement and the K-20 System
Authors: Sasso Melissa T. , Ross David B.
Published: July 2019

This chapter was designed to explore the current crisis that the K-20 education system is facing with academic entitlement. This chapter per the researchers indicated the various causes of this phenomena. This chapter then unfolded to the researchers discussing academically-entitled students' behavior and how studies have revealed the lack of respect that students have towards their professors. The researchers further revealed that there is a relationship between academic entitlement and narcissism and that the levels of narcissism are higher today than they were in the 1970s. Lastly, this chapter discussed the methods of preventing academic entitlement from occurring in the K-20 system. The researchers then delved in discussing the various methods in helping children who have an entitled mindset. Furthermore, the researchers revealed the importance of the anecdotal philosophy of teaching advanced school policy information to academic leaders, who need to develop superior policies to include a firm policy regarding entitlement. Lastly, suggestions for future research were included.
Leading P-12 Transformative Initiatives in Personalized Learning
Authors: McCoid Christine , Beil Marla , Hesslein Stephany , Mulvaney Tracy , Niesz Lauren
Published: July 2019

Innovation P-12 school settings is happening every day in schools across the country. This chapter focuses on three transformative initiatives emphasizing personalized learning of both students and teachers. Three of the authors are presently employed as school- and district-level administrators in various central New Jersey P-12 school districts. In addition to serving as administrators, they are also completing a doctoral program in educational leadership at Monmouth University, where the final two authors are employed. A key component of the doctoral program is the implementation of a transformative learning project (TLP). The first two projects discuss innovations that encourage elementary students to take agency in their learning through student-led conferences and the SPARK program. The third project emphasizes one principal's dedication to providing personalized learning in staff development, empowering teachers to take control of their own professional growth. All projects provide a comprehensive view of the implementation process through a leadership lens.
The Moderating Role of Public Governance on the Relationship Between the Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth
Authors: Hamdan Allam Mohammed , Khamis Reem , Razaqi Anjum
Published: July 2019

This study aims to investigate the role played by public governance in the relation between entrepreneurship and economic growth in the United Arab Emirates (henceforth UAE). To achieve its goals, the study used a time series that extends from (1996-2015), a span of 20 years. The study came up with the following results: there was a positive impact of entrepreneurship activities on the economic growth in UAE within the framework of the public governance. Based on the previous results, the study came up with a set of recommendations that focuses on supporting entrepreneurship activities that play a significant role in the economic growth.
Gender Representations in Cartoons
Authors: Gezen Arzu Karasaç
Published: July 2019

The concept of gender refers to the roles, learned behaviors and expectations determined by the society for women and men, apart from the biological differences between women and men. These expectations differ from society to society and even within different sections of the same society; based on such distinctions as rural/urban, class and ethnicity, etc., they may vary depending on the distinctions. It is important how these roles are offered in terms of shaping the children's views on gender roles at very young ages. The aim of this study is to analyze the cartoons within the frame of rural and urban life in terms of gender representations. In this study, 30 episodes of cartoons were analyzed by using the content analysis technique. The study strives to reveal how male and female characters are represented within the context of gender. The findings have shown that despite the existence of egalitarian representations in terms of gender, the contents emphasizing inequality are more dominant.
Gender Representation in SMS Jokes
Authors: Sultana Yasmeen , Saeed Naima , Rehman Tansif Ur
Published: July 2019

This research aims to investigate how language is used in a new mode of communication such as SMS jokes portraying different roles of human gender. A distinct form of ideology is constructed in SMS jokes by using certain expressions which criticize the roles of both the genders in a humorous way which helps in reinforcing the already existing stereotypes about them. The study adopted the qualitative research method and purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of SMS jokes. Through this sampling technique, 30 different gender-biased SMS jokes were selected which were received on the cell phone numbers of researchers. It is believed that only the female gender becomes the target of ridiculous humor, but this study proves that the attitudes associated with both male and female are humiliating. The findings of research reveal that jokes play a pivotal role in constructing the overall image of both the genders. The language which is used in portrayal of both male and female gender is highly subjective, derogatory, abusive, and prejudiced.
A Feminist Film
Authors: Avcı İkbal Bozkurt , Çetin Derya
Published: July 2019

Feminist film theory evaluates films by some concepts such as subject positions, narrative closures, and fetishism. This theory suggests that the catharsis of popular films is in the service of the male audience. However, many feminist films centered on women are also made, which are outside the mainstream cinema and reach a considerable amount of viewers. This study aims to evaluate Caramel (Nadine Labaki, 2007) by the concepts of feminist film theory. The film expresses a country dominated by taboos through these five women.
Ets1 Controls the Development of B Cell Autoimmune Responses in a Cell-Intrinsic Manner
Authors: Sunshine Alex , Goich David , Stith Alifa , Sortino Katherine , Dalton Justin , Metcalfe Sarah , Svensson Eric C , Garrett-Sinha Lee Ann
Published: July 2019

Ets1 is emerging as a key transcription factor that is required to prevent autoimmunity in mice and humans. Ets1 is expressed in both B and T cells, and mice lacking Ets1 are characterized by excess B and T cell activation, leading to enhanced formation of Ab-secreting cells and high titers of autoantibodies. In humans, genome-wide association studies have detected associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human ETS1 gene with autoimmune diseases, including lupus. An increased fraction of CD4+ T cells from Ets1−/− mice have an activated effector-memory phenotype, and there are aberrations in differentiation that contribute to the autoimmune phenotype. In vitro studies of B cells suggest that Ets1 may have B cell–intrinsic effects as well. To confirm B cell–intrinsic roles for Ets1, we crossed CD19-Cre mice to mice with a floxed allele of Ets1. Mice with a B cell–specific deletion of Ets1 show increases in B cell activation, numbers of Ab-secreting cells, and levels of autoantibodies, despite the fact that T cells are normal. However, when compared with conventional Ets1 knockout mice, mice with B cell–specific loss of Ets1 have a significantly milder phenotype. These results demonstrate that Ets1 is required in B cells to prevent autoimmune responses but that loss of Ets1 activity in other cell types is required for maximal autoimmune phenotypes.
Are we graduating physiotherapists with the burnout syndrome: Evaluating physiotherapy education at the University of the Western Cape
Authors: Amosun Seyi L. , Dantile Nokuzola D.
Published: July 2019

Burnout has been identified in physiotherapists. Based on the postulation that burnout actually begins during physiotherapy educational training, this study set out to determine if burnout exists among physiotherapy students at the University of the Western Cape. Using a modified version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, 80.3% of the study sample(N=76) were found to have moderate to high levels of emotional exhaustion, while 14,5% indicated moderate to high levels of depersonalisation. However, 72.4% reported moderate to high levels of personal accomplishment. Some factors which contributed to burnout were also reported. It was concluded that burnout existed in the subjects involved in the study.
Pertinency of Hopf actions and quotient categories of Cohen–Macaulay algebras
Authors: Bao Yanhong , He Jiwei , Zhang James J.
Published: July 2019

We study invariants and quotient categories of fixed subrings of Artin–Schelter regular algebras under Hopf algebra actions.
A priori Lipschitz estimates for solutions of local and nonlocal Hamilton–Jacobi equations with Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operator
Authors: Chasseigne Emmanuel , Ley Olivier , Nguyen Thi Tuyen
Published: July 2019

We establish a priori Lipschitz estimates for unbounded solutions of second-order Hamilton–Jacobi equations in

\mathbb R^N

in presence of an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck drift. We generalize the results obtained by Fujita, Ishii and Loreti (2006) in several directions. The first one is to consider more general operators. We first replace the Laplacian by a general diffusion matrix and then consider a nonlocal integro-differential operator of fractional Laplacian type. The second kind of extension is to deal with more general Hamiltonians which are merely sublinear. These results are obtained for both degenerate and nondegenerate equations.
On critical $L^p$-differentiability of BD-maps
Authors: Gmeineder Franz , Raiță Bogdan
Published: July 2019

We prove that functions of locally bounded deformation on

\mathbb{R}^n

are

\mathrm{L}^{{n}/{(n-1)}}

-differentiable

\mathcal{L}^n

-almost everywhere. More generally, we show that this critical

\mathrm{L}^p

-differentiability result holds for functions of locally bounded

\mathbb{A}

-variation, provided that the first order, homogeneous differential operator

\mathbb{A}

has finite dimensional null-space.
A New External Landmark for Mental Foramen
Authors: Tungkeeratichai Jumroon , Bhongmakapat Thongchai , Saitongdee Porncharn , Orathai Pisamai
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to establish a new external landmark of mental foramen to help facilitate prediction of the location during local anesthesia and during surgery of mandibular region.

Materials and methods

One hundred and ten adult Thai cadavers of 61 males and 49 females from Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University were included in this study. The anatomy of mental foramen in 110 adult Thai cadavers (220 sides) was studied from 2008 until 2011. Measurements in vertical plane were made: (i) From gingival sulcus to mental foramen = A, (ii) from mental foramen to inferior border of mandible = B, and (iii) the ratio of A/A + B = D.

Measurements in horizontal plane were also made: (i) From symphysis menti to the mental foramen = S (in straight line and not related to mandibular curvature), and (ii) from symphysis menti to the mental foramen = C (in curved line related to mandibular curvature), and (iii) in relation to position of lower tooth/teeth, and (iv) in relation to cheilions (corners of the mouth).

Results

The results included 61 male and 49 female cadavers. On the right side, the proportion of A/A + B (D) of male and female was 0.50 and 0.46. On the left side, the proportion of A/A + B (D) of male and female was 0.50 and 0.46. The location of right and left cheilion was related with the position of mental foramen, mostly at center (male: 63.93 and 70.49%, female: 61.22 and 73.47%). If center ± 0.3 cm it was possible to find the mental foramen more easily than the point of the center (male: 95.08 and 91.80%, female: 87.76 and 93.88%). If center ± 0.5 cm, it could find the mental foramen more easily than the point of the center ± 0.3 cm (male: 98.36 and 98.36%, female: 95.92 and 97.96%).

Conclusion

The knowledge gained from this study is quite important, since it helps the surgeon to easily identify the mental foramen prior to surgery which is halfway between gingival sulcus and inferior border of mandible in vertical plane and at the cheilion position in horizontal plane.
Neurofibroma of Soft Palate: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Smitha SG , Gangaraj Smitha Soubhagya , Shantharam Lakshmi , Vijay Suguna
Published: July 2019

Neurofibroma of soft palate is a rare tumor with this report being the fourth case reported in English literature. We are reporting this case of isolated neurofibroma of soft palate for its rarity. The mass was excised by intraoral approach without prior tracheostomy. Histopathological examination showed features of neurofibroma with secondary changes.
The Surgical Landmark for Facial Foramen
Authors: Tungkeeratichai Jumroon , Bhongmakapat Thongchai , Saitongdee Porncharn , Orathai Pisamai
Published: July 2019

Objective

To study the localization and relative of the supratrochlear, supraorbital, infraorbital and mental foramen in Thai cadavers to external landmarks for helps the surgeon to easily and practically identify these foramen.

Materials and methods

The localization of the supratrochlear, supraorbital, infraorbital and mental foramen in adult Thai cadavers were studied in 110 cadevers (220 sides) from 2008 until 2012. The analyses were also performed to compare differences between sexes and sides.

Results

Mean length of supraorbital foramen from nasal midline on the right side was 2.76 cm, left side 2.75 cm, above supraorbital rim right side 0.23 cm, left side 0.23 cm. Mean length of supratrochlear foramen from nasal midline on the right side was 1.77 cm, left side 1.76 cm. Mean length of infraorbital foramen from maxillary midline on the right side was 3.06 cm, left side 3.07 cm, from infraorbital rim on the right side was 0.94 cm, left side 0.92 cm. Mean length of mental foramen measurement straight to symphysis menti on the right side was 3.19 cm, left side 3.18 cm. Measurement along curvature of the mandible on the right side was 3.49 cm, left side 3.49 cm.

Conclusion

The knowledge gained from this study is quite important, since it helps the surgeon to easily and practically identify supraorbital notch/foramen, supratrochlea foramen, infraorbital foramen and mental foramen. This will help avoid injury of the neurovascular bundles passing though these sets of foramen.
Is the Silicone Implant actually in the Subperiosteal Pocket in Augmented Rhinoplasty?
Authors: Tungkeeratichai Jumroon , Bhongmakapat Thongchai , Saitongdee Porncharn , Orathai Pisamai , Urathamakul Sarinya , Chintrakarn Chalermchai , Kunachak Somyot
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To identify the right plane in augmented rhinoplasty to help facilitate the facial plastic surgeons in creating more natural look in oriental noses.

Materials and methods

One hundred and ten adult Thai cadavers comprising 61 males and 49 females from Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University were included in this study. Augmentation rhinoplasty with the closed technique was performed by using silicone prosthesis; then, surgical incision was done at midline from nasion to nasal tip to identify the correlation between silicone and periosteum in the area of rhinion and nasion.

Results

This study included 61 male and 49 female cadavers. At the rhinion, silicones were placed in subperiosteal plane of 65 cadavers (59.1%) and above periosteum of 45 cadavers (40.9%). In nasion area, silicones were successfully inserted below periosteum of 109 cadavers (99.1%). However, silicone was placed in the supraperiosteum of only one cadaver (0.9%).

Conclusion

Silicone can be inserted into subperiosteal layer in the area of nasion easier than in the area of rhinion. Augmented rhinoplasty by using silicone insertion in subperiosteal plane, at lease in the nasion area, makes it more natural look, stable and can prevent misalignment.
Extranasopharyngeal Angiofibroma from Nasal Vestibule: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Malipatil Sharanabasappa Rudragouda
Published: July 2019

The term extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma has been applied to vascular, fibrous nodules occurring outside the nasopharynx. These rare benign neoplasms characterized by a different biological history and clinical features with respect to nasopharyngeal tumors and, for these reasons, they should be regarded as atypical clinical entity.

A 60-year-old male presented to us with a mass in the left nasal cavity since last 1 year. Examination revealed an irregular, pinkish mass arising from the lateral aspect of left nasal vestibule. The mass was excised and sent for histopathological reporting which confirmed angiofibroma. This case is reported for its atypicality being the rarest site of origin with no case reported so far in medical literature.
Traumatic Arteriovenous Malformation of Cheek: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Bhandary B Satheesh Kumar , Bhat Vadisha , Aroor Rajeshwary , Shetty Shama
Published: July 2019

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are congenital vascular anomalies but are usually first noticed in childhood or adulthood. Head and neck is the most common location for AVM. Extracranial lesions are rare compared to intracranial lesions. The rapid enlargement of the malformation leading to symptoms is usually triggered by trauma or hormonal changes of puberty or pregnancy. Traumatic AVM of the head and neck are very rare. Here we report a case of AVM of cheek in an adult woman developed following a dental treatment. The diagnosis was confirmed by imaging and was treated surgically after angiography and embolization.
A Comprehensive Approach to Thyroid Swellings: Clinical, Sonological, Cytological and Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Trupthi MC , Boobalan S
Published: July 2019

Objectives

This study was conducted with the aim of clinicopathological evaluation of thyroid swellings.

Setting

Tertiary referral centre, Davangere, Karnataka, India.

Design

Retrospective study.

Materials and methods

Clinical details, sonological reports, laboratory reports were retrieved from the records for the 110 patients with thyroid swellings who were included in our study, between May 2009 and April 2013 and the data was analyzed. Cytological smears in all patients and histopathology slides in operated patients were retrieved and studied.

Results

The highest incidence (37.4%) of thyroid swellings were found in age group of 21 to 30 years. The youngest patient being 10 years. Females (90%) predominated in this study, male to female ratio being 1:9. Majority of patients (35%) came with complaints of swelling of duration less than 6 months. Among 110 patients, 36.36% of them were treated conservatively, out of which 7 cases (17.5%) were hyperthyroid, 10 cases (25%) were hypothyroid and 23 cases (57.5%) were euthyroid and the remaining 63.63% of them underwent surgery. Of the 110 patients subjected to FNAC, 16 patients (14.54%) were neoplastic and 94 patients (85.45%) were non-neoplastic. Upon correlation with the histopathology report, the sensitivity of FNAC was 78.57%, specificity was 91.07%, with a positive predictive value of 68.75% and negative predictive value of 94.44%. Diagnostic accuracy of FNAC is 88.50%.

Conclusion

FNAC and USG are valuable tools in assessing the need for surgical intervention in thyroid swellings. USG guided aspiration will further enhance the cytological yield and diagnostic accuracy.
A Rare Case of Rhinofacial Zygomycosis due to Conidiobolus Infection
Authors: Chakravarti Arunabha , Mishra Meenakshi
Published: July 2019

Background

Rhinofacial zygomycosis is the infection of subcutaneous tissues of maxillofacial region caused by zygomycetes class of fungi. It is commonly caused by the order mucorales and is acute and fulminant. Infections by the order entomophthorales are rare but indolent.

Case report

We report an unusual case of rhinofacial zygomycosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus of the order Entomophthorales in an immunocompetent adult male to highlight the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. We treated the patient with multiple drugs, that is amphotericin-B, cotrimoxazole, and itraconazole along with endoscopic debridement of nasal polyps with excellent result.

Conclusion

Rhinofacial zygomycosis due to entomophthorales is rare but treatable condition. Appropriate histopathological diagnosis and a multipronged approach with timely medical as well as surgical management is the key to clinical cure.
Late Neck Metastasis of Clear Cell Salivary Carcinoma of the Soft Palate
Authors: Rena Xu , Herr Marc William , Sadow Peter , Deschler Daniel
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Clear cell carcinoma is a rare form of salivary gland tumor, most commonly affecting the palate and tongue. We present a patient with cervical lymph node metastasis 28 years after treatment for clear cell salivary carcinoma of the soft palate.

Case presentation

A new neck mass was found in a 69-yearold man with a remote history of clear cell salivary carcinoma of the soft palate. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy demonstrated no evidence of malignancy; however, excisional biopsy revealed carcinoma. Neck dissection was performed and final pathologic review demonstrated clear cell salivary carcinoma metastatic to a cervical lymph node.

Discussion

Clear cell salivary carcinoma may be less indolent than previously believed. Metastases to cervical lymph nodes and distant sites have been reported in one-fourth of patients and can occur many years after treatment. Immunohistochemical staining is a valuable adjunct for differentiating clear cell carcinoma from other neoplasms that demonstrate clear cell components.

Conclusion

This rare case of late neck metastasis after clear cell salivary carcinoma of the soft palate highlights the need for high clinical suspicion of recurrence many years after treatment and indicates the role of neck dissection for diagnosis and treatment in patients with possible nodal spread.
Audiological Changes in Perilymph Fistula
Authors: Bhattacharyya Diptarka , Chandran Sobhana , Sayed Lubna
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Trauma is one of the commonest causes of perilymphatic fistulae. The classical patient presents with a sudden onset vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss, which may be fluctuating. The audiological changes can range from a purely conductive hearing loss, to mixed hearing losses (most common) to sensorineural hearing loss. The same are dependent on a number of factors, such as extent of trauma and perilymphatic leak, the presence of superadded infection, the tardiness in obtaining appropriate treatment, etc.

Materials and methods

A case of post-traumatic perilymphatic fistula has been presented here, and discussed with regards to the presentation, clinical diagnosis, treatment and the audiological profile and eventual outcome.

Conclusion

The audiological profile of a patient should be carefully correlated with the CT scan findings, the clinical picture as well as the intraoperative findings so as to predict and understand the eventual audiological outcome after treatment.

Abbreviations

dB: decibels, Hz: Hertz, KHz: Kilo hertz, BPPV: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Deg: degrees.
Giant Intracranial Arachnoid Cyst Mimicking Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood: Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Tyagi Amit Kumar , Ashish Gaurav , Lepcha Anjali , Balraj Achamma
Published: July 2019

Arachnoid cysts constitute 1% of all intracranial space-occupying lesions. These typically produce vague and nonspecific symptoms. However, a subset of these lesions can produce constellation of signs and symptoms indistinguishable from those causing peripheral vertigo. We discuss the presentation of a giant arachnoid cyst which presented with dizziness and mimicked benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood (BPVC).
Prosthetic Rehabiliation Of Hemimandibulectomy Patient - A Rare Case Report
Authors: Setty Manasali Bheema , Ramesh Nadiger K
Published: July 2019

Segmental resection of the mandible and commandos procedures involve extensive loss of hard and soft tissues, resulting in deviation of the mandible to the defective side and impairment in swallowing, speech, mastication and saliva control due to loss of sensory and motor innervations. Prosthodontic rehabilitation mainly aims the mandibular deviation and “improve the masticatory efficiency. This clinical report describes the use of maxillary occlusal ramps which provide support for the mandibular fragment in the acquired position and help to stabilize the dentures thus improving the masticatory efficiency in edentulous mandibulectomy patients.
Paperless dentistry - The future
Authors: Manohar Mala Ram
Published: July 2019

One of the most common problems faced in dental practice management is maintaining and retrieving patient records, which is very tedious and cumbersome especially in a busy practice. This is where paperless operation comes to the rescue. It is simply a practice where all the information, diagnostic, management, and communication tools are fully integrated into one computerized system. This increases efficiency, reduces clutter, saves time, improves communication and requires less office space which is cost-effective.

As health care professionals, we should be on the cutting edge technology and provide an excellent patient experience; this is what paperless practice is!

How to cite this article

Mala R, Gajendra B. Paperless dentistry - The future. CODS J Dent 2014;6;13-15