bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pēteris Elksnītis (1879–1963) – One of The Founders of Dairy Farming in Latvia
Authors: Zvirgzdiņš Indulis
Published: December 2024

In the interwar period, an important sector of the national economy in Latvia was dairy farming, where both university graduates – engineers, and people without higher education worked. One of them – Pēteris Elksnītis (1879–1963), who learned the trade of a blacksmith in his youth and the trade of a technician through self-learning (1910), worked in the company of the Society of Riga Agricultural Central Union «Konsums», participated in establishing dairies, worked in the Department of Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Latvia where he was responsible for agricultural technique, in the Technical Department of the Central Union of Dairy Farmers of Latvia where he was a Manager, participating in the construction and mechanization of dairies and in setting up milk processing points. In the interwar period, P. Elksnītis not only developed the projects of dairies and creameries and took care of their equipment but also obtained several patents for his inventions for milk processing equipment, potato harvesting, and laundry washing. Some patents related to dairy farming were bought and realized by entrepreneurs in Denmark. After an accident (1932), P. Elksnītis retired from paid work and returned to his home in Prauliena. In 1932, P. Elksnītis was awarded the highest award of the Latvian state – the Order of Three Stars.
Jelena Tomić-Bokur (1889–1961) – the First State-Appointed Woman Engineer Architect in Yugoslavia
Authors: Ladinski Vladimir B.
Published: December 2024

In 2023, the author’s study «Early Engineers and Architects Born on the Territory of Present North Macedonia» was published in the RTU RCEH Scientific Journal «History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education» about the first engineers and architects who were born in the territory of present-day North Macedonia. This paper focuses on the life and work of the first state-appointed woman engineer architect in Yugoslavia in 1919, Jelena Tomić-Bokur (nee Tomić; 1889–1961), a graduate of the Technical Faculty of the University of Belgrade in 1913. The paper covers in brief her 24-year-long professional career between 1913 and 1937 in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes – Yugoslavia, with emphasis on her formation years in Skopje (1915–1923). This study contributes to the history of engineering and architecture in North Macedonia and wider whilst exploring the context in which the first women professionals emerged in Serbia and former Yugoslavia.
Lidija Ose (Osis) – Architect of Standard Residential Buildings and Furniture Designer
Authors: Gudro Ilze
Published: December 2024

The article summarizes for the first time information about Lidija Ose (1922–1985), an architect of Soviet-era standard (typical) residential buildings and designer of built-in furniture, a graduate of the Faculty of Architecture of the Latvian State University (1952). It reflects the architect’s life and education, as well as her creative contribution during the period from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s when massive residential development took place and new standard multi-storey residential buildings were designed. The architect has contributed to the design, development, and construction of buildings of series M2, M3, 1-430, 1-316, 1-318, 103, 104, 119, and 467. L. Ose has also designed built-in kitchens, bathrooms, hallway furniture, building entrances, and interior and architectural elements (windows, balconies, doors, and their technical and structural details). Her work also includes cultural centres, clubs, cinemas, and a student dormitory. L. Ose has participated in several architectural design competitions, including for a sports centre on Lucavsala. Together with architects Marta Staņa (1913–1972), Imants Jākobsons (1934–1993), and Harolds Kanders (1927–2004), she participated in the design of the new building of the Daile Theatre at 75 Brīvības (then – Ļeņina) Street.
Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes un Drēzdenes Tehniskās universitātes starptautiskā partnerība trijos gadsimtos (1862–2024)
Authors: Zigmunde Alīda , Tipāns Igors
Published: December 2024

Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes (RTU) un Drēzdenes Tehniskās universitātes (DTU) sadarbība ir viena no senākajām starptautiskajām partnerībām abu augstskolu vēsturē. Tā sākās pirms vairāk nekā pusotra gadsimta un turpinās joprojām. Abu augstskolu sadarbība izpaudusies dažādos veidos – gan pārņemot augstskolas kā institūcijas pieredzi un daloties tajā, gan studentu un docētāju apmaiņas braucienos. Daži inženieri un docētāji ir strādājuši tehniskajā augstskolā Rīgā, savukārt Drēzdenē ir studējuši un strādājuši kādreizējie rīdzinieki. 20. gadsimta otrajā pusē tika noslēgti abu augstskolu sadarbības līgumi. Atjaunotā Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI) labākie studenti studijas turpināja Drēzdenē, praktizējās vācu uzņēmumos. Pieredzes apmaiņā uz DTU devās gan studenti, gan mācībspēki. Ilggadējā sadarbība turpinās arī mūsdienās, neaizmirstot savstarpējos apsveikumus augstskolu jubilejās un nominējot zinātniekus par augstskolu Goda biedriem.
Atslēgvārdi: Rīgas Tehniskā universitāte; Drēzdenes Tehniskā universitāte; starpaugstskolu sadarbība.
Special economic zones as a mechanism for territorial development ensuring national security in the context of sanctions restrictions
Authors: Starovoitov Vladimir Gavrilovich , Krupnov Yurii Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2024

The subject of the study is the socio-economic relations that arise during the formation and functioning of special economic zones in the Russian Federation under the conditions of sanctions restrictions. The object of the study is the economic development and ensuring the national security of Russia in the context of sanctions pressure from "Western" countries. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations on the creation and functioning of special economic zones to ensure socio-economic development and national security of Russia under sanctions. In order to achieve this goal, successfully functioning special economic zones were analyzed. The economic and social changes arising in Russian regions and municipalities as a result of the SEZ activities are identified. It is shown that these changes are complex and have a significant positive effect on the socio-economic development of the territory. The necessity of the formation and functioning of special economic zones in the Russian Federation is substantiated. The research used the method of system analysis, comparative analysis, the method of analysis and synthesis, methods of structural and factor analysis. The main conclusions of the study: - in conditions of severe sanctions restrictions, the structural transformation of the economy is being carried out based on domestic resources and domestic capital; - SEZs with developed infrastructure and favorable business conditions are an effective mechanism for attracting investments, expanding import substitution activities, strengthening technological independence, etc. - a successfully functioning SEZ is an effective mechanism for territorial development and ensuring national security. The author's special contribution to the study is to analyze and develop proposals for the creation and development of special economic zones under sanctions restrictions for federal, regional and municipal authorities on the example of the SEZ "Vladimir". The novelty of the research lies in the creation and dissemination of best practices for the formation and functioning of the SEZ as a mechanism for territorial development and ensuring national security in the face of unprecedented sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation from "Western" countries.
Impact of Logistics Factors on Procurement of Construction Materials in Lokoja, Kogi State
Authors:   Confluence University of Science and Technology, Osara, Kogi State, Ohida Muhammaed Etudaiye , Imam Isa ,   Confluence University of Science and Technology, Osara, Kogi State, Ajiboye Araoye Olarinkoye ,   Confluence University of Science and Technology, Osara, Kogi State
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the influence of logistics factors on the procurement of construction materials in Lokoja, Kogi State, aiming to identify and rank the critical elements affecting material procurement in building projects. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed across nineteen neighborhoods in Lokoja using a random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the T-test assessed the significance of identified logistics factors. The findings revealed that seventeen logistics factors influence material procurement, with seven factors emerging as the most significant: on-time delivery, transportation challenges, material misdelivery, delivery inaccuracies, order processing, storage capacity limitations, and ineffective information flow. These factors were ranked by their impact on procurement processes, with hypothesis testing confirming a statistically significant relationship between logistics factors and material procurement efficiency. The study concludes that effective management of key logistics factors is essential to avoid cost overruns, delays, and material wastage. It recommends that project managers prioritize better coordination among stakeholders to address logistics-related challenges, ensuring materials are delivered efficiently and on time.
Development Strategies for Grid-Connected Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic to Increase Renewable Energy Penetration
Authors:   Master Program in Energy Systems Engineering, Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering, Faculty  of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia, Ariyadi Surya Budi , Purwanto Widodo Wahyu ,   Sustainable Energy Systems and Policy Research Cluster, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424,  Indonesia
Published: December 2024

The government of Indonesia has launched programs to decarbonize its power systems by replacing fossil fuel-based plants with renewable energy. Solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment faces economic and technical barriers despite abundant solar irradiance. This study evaluates techno-economic strategies for 10 MW grid-connected solar PV systems, comparing two scenarios: without Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and with BESS to reduce grid reliance. Key interventions were analyzed for their economic impacts, including tariff adjustments, carbon tax implementation, and competitive auction schemes. The results show that without BESS, the project achieves an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 21.30%, making it highly feasible. However, including BESS lowers the IRR to 5.89% due to higher costs. Combining carbon tax and tariff adjustments improves feasibility, achieving a Profitability Index (PI) of 1.00 and an IRR of 14.74%. Competitive auctions further lower costs, enhancing the feasibility of BESS projects. While solar PV without BESS is economically viable, risks of capital cost increases require attention. For BESS projects, policy interventions such as auctions and incentives are essential. This study highlights strategic measures to accelerate solar PV adoption in Indonesia, providing insights for policymakers and investors to scale up renewable energy deployment effectively.
tesis de maestría Edificación Low Tech de mediana altura en madera: parámetros estructurales que permitan flexibilidad en viviendas sociales de NLT.
Authors:   , Stuardo Gutiérrez Constanza Javiera
Published: December 2024

La presente tesis proyectual, establece como tópico central el análisis de estructuras en madera laminada clavada (NLT) con el fin de abordar la crisis habitacional presente en Chile, generando estrategias estructurales capaces de brindar espacios flexibles y adaptables que aseguren un aumento del ciclo de vida útil de la edificación; respondiendo así a la rigidez y falta de adecuación que poseen actualmente las viviendas sociales chilenas. El proyecto consiste en un distrito de innovación en la ciudad de Curicó, centrándose en un edificio de uso mixto emplazado en dicha ciudad, el cual contiene viviendas sociales bajo el marco normativo DS-19. Para esto se efectúan una serie de iteraciones estructurales, en base a paneles de NLT fabricados con materia prima y mano de obra local (PYMES madereras), en las cuales se analizarán diversos sistemas constructivos con el fin de llegar al caso más favorable de flexibilidad.El proyecto final, se asienta en el marco de mantener una única fuente de inversión y dentro del contexto de subsidios al arriendo, ambos factores se establecerán como fundamentales ya que moldearan el diseño y la viabilidad a la hora de realizar modificaciones dentro de las plantas libres.PALABRAS CLAVES: Nail Laminated Timber (NLT), Arquitectura flexible, PYMES madereras, Viviendas sociales.
Llanquihue y su sistema hidrológico: plan de reactivación del borde ecológico de la ciudad desde un proyecto de arquitectura del paisaje
Authors:   , Guzmán Germán
Published: December 2024

Esta investigación estudia la relación entre el sistema hidrológico de la ciudad de Llanquihue y la dinámica urbana, con el fin de comprender su interacción, los factores que inciden en su deterioro y los potenciales aspectos de desarrollo que propicien una nueva relación de mutua colaboración, entendiendo el rol con el que la arquitectura del paisaje pueda colaborar para este fin.La ciudad de Llanquihue está emplazada en una red hidrológica compuesta por diversos cursos y cuerpos de agua, entre los cuales destacan el Río Maullín, el Estero El Sarao, el Lago Llanquihue y un sistema de humedales que, a lo largo del tiempo, ha quedado fraccionado en cuatro humedales remanentes. Este sistema hídrico se ha visto deteriorado por el desarrollo de la ciudad y la falta de valoración de las zonas con riqueza ecológica que la componen. Así mismo, los bordes urbanos circundantes a los cursos hídricos se ven sumidos en problemáticas sociales que surgen como consecuencia de la falta de vinculación de estos espacios con la ciudad, potenciando aún más su concepción como espacios urbanos residuales.A tavés del estudio de los servicios que estos espacios pueden brindar a la comunidad local, entendiéndolos como parte de infraestructura urbana que permite un mejor desarrollo, se busca investigar las posibilidades que tiene la arquitectura el paisaje de poner en valor esta relación, propiciando una vinculación sinérgica entre ambos sistemas.
Impactos de shocks de Política Fiscal de EE. UU. y sus efectos en Centroamérica
Authors:   , Munguía Martínez José Israel
Published: December 2024

Esta investigación analiza cómo los shocks fiscales en Estados Unidos impactan a las economías centroamericanas, con especial énfasis en países con alta relación entre remesas y PIB. Utilizando la metodología de Panel Local Projection, se evalúa primero el impacto agregado de estos shocks y luego sus efectos diferenciados a través de los canales de transmisión: exportaciones, remesas y tipo de cambio. Los resultados muestran que un shock fiscal en EE.UU. genera un impacto positivo, pero de pequeña magnitud y corta duración sobre el producto de las economías centroamericanas. En el mediano plazo, este efecto se vuelve nulo y en el largo plazo, negativo. Este comportamiento se explica principalmente por la apreciación del tipo de cambio, que inicialmente es leve y no significativa, pero en el largo plazo se vuelve significativa, afectando negativamente la competitividad externa y generando una caída en las exportaciones y el producto. Por su parte, el impacto en las remesas es positivo, aunque de baja magnitud y constante a lo largo del horizonte de estudio, sin desempeñar un papel determinante en la dinámica económica agregada. Finalmente, al analizar por grupo de países se evidencia que es posible detectar heterogeneidad a través de los canales de exportaciones y tipo de cambio.
La gestión del curriculum en la escuela. Principios para el acompañamiento curricular docente
Authors:   , Rodríguez González Romina Lorena
Published: December 2024

Los lineamientos ministeriales para la gestión escolar disponen de orientaciones para conducir la gestión curricular por medio de prácticas de liderazgo como el acompañamiento docente. Sin embargo, estas orientaciones no llegan a abarcar las particularidades de cada institución educativa para generar que esta práctica se desarrolle en condiciones que contribuyan a su efectividad y se sostenga en el tiempo. Este estudio expone algunas de las problemáticas que influirían en la gestión curricular que realizan los docentes de una escuela de administración municipal, recogiendo información con el método de estudio de caso, por medio de entrevistas individuales semi estructuradas. Con la información obtenida se caracterizó la problemática que influye en las prácticas de gestión curricular, configurándose los tres principios para el acompañamiento curricular docente.
Valor y uso del Patrimonio: participación de la comunidad con la salvaguarda del conjunto ferroviario del tren del Cajón del Maipo
Authors:   , Cabezas Ibarra Orietta
Published: December 2024

La presente investigación sobre patrimonio ferroviario tiene por objetivo conocer cuáles son las diferentes valoraciones y usos que las organizaciones comunitarias otorgan al conjunto de vestigios vinculados al ferrocarril del Cajón del Maipo. En la metodología a utilizar se propone examinar los antecedentes históricos fundamentales que dan a conocer este tipo de patrimonio, a partir del análisis de la acción comunitaria y de gobernanza local en torno a la salvaguarda de este conjunto de elementos y construcciones ferroviarias, así como el análisis de información cualitativa que permite conocer las valoraciones de las organizaciones interesadas en conservar esta herencia cultural. En tal sentido, elucidar estos aspectos a través de una estrategia de activación participativa, permite un manejo coordinado para la administración en los nuevos usos que estas comunidades puedan otorgar a sus patrimonios.
Baseline Predictors and Daily Occurrences in Negative Affect Acute Change in Patients Diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors:   , Vial Rojas María Constanza
Published: December 2024

El trastorno de personalidad límite (TPL) se caracteriza por disfunción en la regulación afectiva, desregulación conductual, hipersensibilidad interpersonal y alteraciones cognitivas. Comprender la variabilidad emocional aguda, uno de sus rasgos centrales, es fundamental para desarrollar tratamientos efectivos que mejoren la calidad de vida de los pacientes y reduzcan los costos en salud. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar predictores basales (depresión, gravedad de los síntomas y funcionamiento de la personalidad) y predictores momentáneos (problemas en las relaciones interpersonales y conflictos en el autoconcepto) de la variabilidad emocional diaria en el afecto negativo entre pacientes diagnosticados con TPL, utilizando la metodología de Evaluación Ecológica Momentánea (EMA, por sus siglas en inglés).Los participantes (N=45) completaron medidas de autorreporte iniciales (PHQ-9, ZAN-BPD, LPFS-BF) y una encuesta demográfica. Durante los siguientes 3 días, respondieron 3 cuestionarios breves de EMA (PANAS, DSI y SSCC), enviados a sus teléfonos móviles 25 veces al día cada media hora. Se utilizaron modelos de correlación simple y medidas de Cambios Agudos en las Ocurrencias Diarias para analizar el potencial predictivo de los predictores basales y momentáneos en los cambios agudos del afecto negativo.El análisis reveló que los predictores basales, incluidos la depresión, la gravedad de los síntomas, el funcionamiento de la personalidad, la edad de inicio de las dificultades de salud mental y las hospitalizaciones psiquiátricas previas, no se correlacionaron significativamente con la variabilidad emocional diaria. Sin embargo, los predictores momentáneos, particularmente los problemas interpersonales diarios y los conflictos en el autoconcepto, mostraron correlaciones significativas con los cambios agudos en el afecto negativo. Los hallazgos sugieren que la reactividad emocional en individuos con TPL está más influida por estresores específicos diarios que por rasgos basales.
Surface topography creation of machine elements after carburizing process with application of burnishing method
Authors: Gałda Lidia
Published: December 2024

Various types of bushings or pins are widely used in the machinery industry, i.e. in the automotive industry, agricultural machinery and production lines. Such machine components operate in a diverse environment, not infrequently in polluted or dusty environments and these components may be subjected to intensive wear. Particles circulating in various types of machine kinematic pairs contribute to accelerated or even emergency wear of the equipment. One way to prevent such dangerous failures is to use an additional machining to create dimples in the surface, which are a place to collect lubricant but also abrasive particles. The article presents a method of burnishing a cylindrical surface after carburizing treatment and after hardening, after which the hardness of the surface layer was about 60 HRC. As a result of using appropriate tools, it was possible to create regular and reproducible dimples in the surface. A surface topography parameter was also proposed, which makes it possible to evaluate the increase in oil capacity of the created cavities quickly and with high quality standards.
Voice control system for collaborative robot used in assembly process
Authors: Czyżewski Jan
Published: December 2024

This work is devoted to the issue of recognizing voice commands by the voice control system of a collaborative robot in an industrial environment. Such a robot will be designed to cooperate with a human during the assembly process. This method of communication significantly facilitates and speeds up work, increasing the efficiency of the assembly process and reducing the operator's workload. However, production halls and other places where assembly takes place are environments filled with sounds with a wide spectrum of intensity and frequency. Such an environment significantly impedes the functioning of the voice control system. This work examined the impact of sound pollution on the robot's command recognition.
Assessment of Growth and Yield of Maize through Integrated Nutrient Management Practices
Authors: Yadav Aman , Panchal V. V. , Kawade A. A.
Published: December 2024

A field trial was conducted at experimental cum demonstration field, Shri Vaishnav Institute of Agriculture, Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh during the year 2023-24 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of maize. The treatment consisted of integrated nutrient management viz., T­1: Absolute control, T2: 100 % RDF (100:60:40 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1), T3: 50 % RDF + 50 % RDN through FYM, T4: 50 % RDF + 50 % RDN through Vermicompost, T5: 75 % RDF + 25 % RDN through FYM, T6: 75 % RDF + 25 % RDN through Vermicompost, T7: 100 % RDN through FYM and T8: 100 % RDN through Vermicompost. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with eight treatment combinations and replicated three times. The various growth and yield characters were studies during the results and found that, application of 75 % RDF + 25 % RDN through vermicompost recorded significantly maximum growth characters viz., plant height plant-1 (294.33 cm), number of functional leaves plant-1 (7.90) and leaf area plant-1 (34.73 dm2) and yield attributes viz. length of cob with husk and without husk, diameter of cob with and without husk, weight of cob with (20.50 cm) and without husk (16.83), number of cobs plant-1 (1.40) and weight of grain cob-1 with (213.33 g) and without husk (205.33 g) and yield viz., grain yield (61.55 q ha-1) and dry fodder yield (69.76 q ha-1) as compared to rest of the treatments. However, absolute control treatment recorded maximum number of days for 50 % tasseling (69.33) and 50 % silking (73.33).
Utilizing the Susceptible Infectious Susceptible (sis) Model to Evaluate the Risk for Waterborne Parasites to Spread through Household Water Sources in Bamenda, Cameroon
Authors: Augustine Asakizi Nji , Atud Asi Quigle , Mama Mbouombouo , Aghaindum Ajeagah Gideon
Published: December 2024

This research presents a distributed continuous-time epidemic model, called a SUSCEPTIBLE INFECTIOUS SUSCEPTIBLE- SIS model to denote a waterborne disease spreading over a network of different domestic waters sources such as tap water, well water and spring water in the understanding of infectious pathogens in the Municipality of Bamenda.  It involves multiple groups of individuals sharing a water source which comprises the population in the communities or quarter of Upstation mile 1, Nkwen, Mankon and Nsongwa in and around this urban area. A sufficient condition is obtained for the healthy state, at which all individuals are not infected and the water is not contaminated, to be globally asymptotically stable. The effects of the shared water source on the disease spreading were analyzed through the comparison of the basic reproduction number with the networked SIS model without water and demonstrated via simulations. It was realized that human activities and generally anthropogenic influences contaminate these water sources making individuals of this localities to become susceptible to waterborne infections. The characterization and identification of intestinal parasites reveal that, those who consume these contaminated water were infected and these infected individuals intend re-contaminate the environment including water bodies and or food thereby by making the population and uninfected individuals susceptible to waterborne diseases in the community.
Understanding Cybercrime Modus Operandi: Techniques, Psychological Tricks, and Countermeasures
Authors: Bundala Ntogwa Ng’habi
Published: December 2024

Cyber professionals and general users are still challenged on how to secure cyberspace and their related activities. The primary challenge remained difficulty in identifying the perpetrators of cybercrimes due to the anonymous nature of the internet and the use of sophisticated and stealthy techniques by attackers to hide their identities. The emergence of advanced crime in cyberspace such as Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) unlike traditional cyberattacks, APTs are characterized by the use of stealthy tactics, including advanced evasion techniques and zero-day vulnerabilities, making them challenging to detect using conventional security measures. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the techniques, psychological tricks, technical tricks, and countermeasures using the two models of cyberattacking: cyber kill chain and cyberattacking process phase’s models. The study applied the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Autoethnography methods. The sample of 305 sent (replied) emails from the Yahoo account of the Author from 2012 to 2024. The OSINT techniques are used to verify the empirical validity of the 10 spammed message contents. The study found that in traditional phishing, the attack uses a combination of tricks such as false identity and financial lures, emotional manipulation and trust through divinity and love psychological tricks, involvement of the trusted figure usually the religious leaders, direct solicitation of personal information, urgency and action. In general, we conclude that phishers usually a combination of blended psychological and technical tricks to manipulate the recipient into providing personal information and facilitating the scam. Notably, phishing attacks start with psychological tricks to induce or deceive the target to accept the technical tricks such as clicking the link or downloading. Therefore, we recommend that cyber professionals and general users engage in cognitive training to raise cybersecurity awareness.
Biopolymer Urea Composite for Enhancing Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Coastal Sandy Soils of Kerala, India
Authors: C. P. Mohammed Midlaj , V. S. Jinsy , T. Sajitha Rani , K. V. Sumesh , Manikandan N. , P. Nideesh
Published: December 2024

Aim: To formulate biopolymer urea composites in pellet form and to test their efficacy on the release and leaching of nitrogen in northern coastal sandy soils of Kerala.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Padannakkad, Kasaragod, Kerala agricultural University, between May 2023 and March 2024.
Methodology: Pellets of biopolymer urea composites (BUCs) were formulated by mixing prilled urea with coconut shell charcoal (C1), gypsum (C2), rice husk biochar (C3), and zeolite (C4) as coating materials and potato starch (S1) and tapioca starch (S2) as binding materials. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Completely Randomised Design. Castor oil was uniformly sprayed on the composites after formulation. These composites were tested against urea for their nitrogen content and pH. Release behavior of nitrogen in soil and distilled water and leaching behavior in the soil were studied using CRD as the experimental design. The treatments were: T1: Urea, T2: BUC 1, T3: BUC 2, T4: BUC 3, T5: BUC 4, T6: BUC 5, T7: BUC 6, T8: BUC 7, T9: BUC 8 and T10: Control (Soil).
Results: Total nitrogen content was not significantly varied across different treatments, but the increase in pH was significant for the treatment, C4. Release of nitrogen in distilled water revealed marked differences among the treatments. Urea exhibited significantly elevated nitrogen release on first day compared to other treatments, whereas T9 and T4 initially showed substantially lower values, which gradually increased, reaching significantly higher levels by day 30. The soil incubation study demonstrated that urea exhibited significantly higher values of ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen release on the 7th day, reaching their maximum on 14th day and then decreased gradually till 30 days. All other treatments showed significantly lower release of ammonia into the soil, followed by a gradual increase, reaching a maximum at 90 days. Leaching of ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen was maximum for T1 on day 8. Significantly lower nitrate nitrogen leaching values were recorded by T9 towards the end of the experiment.
Conclusion: T9 showed initial release of nitrogen at significantly lower rates. Furthermore, it had a significantly higher pH compared to other treatments, rendering its suitability for acidic soil.
Generalized Stability of a General Quartic Functional Equation
Authors: Jin Sun-Sook , Lee Yang-Hi
Published: December 2024

The general quartic functional equation is a generalization of many functional equations such as a Jensen functional equation and a general quadratic functional equation. In this paper, we investigate the generalized stability of the general quartic functional equation $$\sum_{i=0}^{5}\dbinom{5}{i}(-1)^{5-i}f(x+iy)=0$$ using a direct method that modifies the proof method of Gavruta in Gavruta (1994).
Green Gram-sorghum Intercropping: Effects on Crop Microclimate, Competition, Resource Use Efficiency and Yield in Southeastern, Kenya
Authors: Yumbya Bernard M. , Kitonyo Onesmus M. , Kinama Josiah M.
Published: December 2024

A better understanding of cereal-legume interactions could improve the implementation of intercrop systems for cropping intensification. These interactions affect crop microclimates and the efficiency of utilizing growth resources such as water and nitrogen. In this study, four morphologically contrasting green gram varieties with close phenological ranges were intercropped with the sorghum, Seredo in Katangi and Mwala in southeastern Kenya during the short rains experimental season in 2022. The four green gram varieties were the tall N26 and dwarf types KS20, Karembo, and Biashara. The intercrop arrangements were: double alternate rows of sorghum and green gram (double row), single alternate rows of sorghum and green gram (single row), and single crops of each green gram variety and sorghum as control. Treatments were laid out in split plot design with intercrop arrangement as main plots and green gram variety in subplots. Intercropping reduced soil temperature, canopy temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and crop water stress index. For green gram, overall Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) was lower under intercropping by 2.6 kg ha-1 mm-1 and 1.65 kg kg-1, respectively compared with sole crop. Intercropped sorghum reduced WUE by 3.5 kg ha-1 mm-1 and NUE by 1.9 kg kg-1. Intercropped sorghum reduced the yield by 26% and green gram by 23%. However, the yield decline was significantly higher under single row (1.1 t ha-1) than double row crop arrangement (0.6 t ha-1). Variety N26 out-yielded the other green gram varieties, irrespective of crop arrangement. Green gram yield was driven by an increase in WUE and NUE while soil and canopy temperatures were dependent on vapor pressure deficit. However, these trait associations and temperature alterations were weak in sorghum yield determination. While intercropping promotes crop intensification, this study demonstrates that double-row intercropping could be more efficient than single-row in enhancing green gram-sorghum complementarity for increased grain yield, WUE, NUE, and the regulation of crop microclimate. This study recommends that double-row intercropping with variety N26 of green gram improves yield in dryland areas of Kenya. Further research is recommended for other green gram and sorghum varieties and intercropping configurations not used in this study.
Diversity and Distribution of Termitomyces spp. in Central and Northern Kerala, India
Authors: Pooja A. S. , C. F Gleena Mary , C. R Rashmi. , Vijayaraghavan Reshmy , K. Smitha John
Published: December 2024

Kerala, situated in southern India, provides an ideal environment for Termitomyces mushrooms due to its warm temperatures, high humidity, and monsoon-driven rainfall. These termite-associated mushrooms thrive well in nutrient-rich soils like laterite, forest loam, and coastal sandy, supporting their symbiotic relationship with termites of the Macrotermitinae subfamily. Termitomyces mushrooms, collected from natural habitats are highly prized for their rich nutritional composition and medicinal value. The edible mushroom occurring during the monsoon season is being consumed in Kerala for long time which reflects their cultural and dietary significance. The genus, documented by Heim (1942), showcases unique ecological niche, with over 30 known species globally and 22 reported in India and 15 species in Kerala. Mushroom survey carried out from October 2023 to October 2024 across Thrissur, Wayanad, and Kasaragod districts identified 28 T. ermitomyces samples from different agro-ecological units. Morphological and molecular characterization revealed the prevalence of species such as T. microcarpus, T. srilankensis, T. fuliginosus, T. heimii, and T. eurrhizusin the surveyed locations. The study highlights significant variation in pileus size, stipe morphology, and microscopic features, such as basidia, basidiospores and cystidial structures which are unique for different species. The recurrently occurred species was T. microcarpus in diverse habitats, while erratic ones like T. eurrhizuswas isolated from moist habitat. These findings contribute to understanding the biodiversity of Termitomyces in Kerala, emphasizing their importance for further research and conservation.
Eco-friendly Cultivation of Annual Chrysanthemum for Enhancing Seed Quality and Soil Properties
Authors: Lohia Sahil , Dilta BS , Kumari Neha , Vinay
Published: December 2024

Sustainable agriculture is the cultivation of healthy soil and seedlings which are essential for producing high-quality yields that meet the nutritional needs of living organisms. The soil and its microenvironment are crucial for significantly improving plant growth and promotion of sustainable agriculture practices. This focus on sustainability aims for long-term crop and livestock production while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Therefore, for eco-friendly cultivation of annual chrysanthemum a study was carried out in the open field of the Department of Seed Science and Technology at Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P) India for two years (2019-2021). The field experiment consisted of nine different formulations of jeevamrit arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications for each treatment. Notably, the use of T6 (Drenching with jeevamrit @30% at 15 days interval) and T7 (Drenching with jeevamrit @35% at 15 days interval) significantly enhanced the production while also enriching the soil with the considerable increase in beneficial microbial count like bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Hence, this seeks to identify an environmentally friendly method to improve seed production quality in annual chrysanthemum and enhance soil nutrients.
Evolution of Fermented Food Products in the Republic of Congo: A Meta-analytic Review
Authors: Kayath Christian Aimé , Mokemiabeka Saturnin Nicaise , Nieko Nicole Prisca Makaya Dangui , Mbozo Alain Brice Vouidibio , Nguimbi Etienne , Kéléké Simon , Kobawila Simon Charles , Louembé Delphin
Published: December 2024

Approximately 61 reports on traditional fermented food (TFF) were published in the Republic of Congo between 1986 and 2024. Research on fermented foods has experienced many delays but has seen significant growth. Several studies related to TFFs have been conducted on bacterial identification, antibacterial and antifungal properties, extraction of flavonoid and phenolic compounds, extraction of biosurfactant and bacteriocins, bacteria-bacteria, bacteria-yeast interactions, enzyme engineering, bioethanol production, soil bioremediation, protein expression and purification, and gene cloning. To date, no review has offered an objective meta-analysis of all previous studies on TFFs. This review aims to establish a research timeline by tracking previously documented scientific publications in terms of TFF year after year while analyzing, commenting, and taking stock of scientific information. The reader is guided through the highlights of pioneers in the history of TFF research. With this review, the timeline of progress in fermented food research will allow a growing understanding of the complex role thet microorganisms play in the fermentation process.
Economic Evaluation of the Planting Period and Retting Techniques in the Production of Quality Kenaf Fibre
Authors: S. Ajijola , E. C Omenna , S. O Olanipekun , S.K. Odetola , J. A Adetumbi
Published: December 2024

The quality and quantity of fibre produced in terms of fibre length, tensile strength and fineness could be determined by the planting period and good retting techniques in kenaf. This study was carried out to determine the appropriate time of planting and examined the different retting techniques for enhanced quality fibre for value addition. Five varieties of Kenaf (Cuba108, Ifeken-DI-400, Ifeken100, Ifeken-400 and Tianung-2) were planted at 50cm x 20cm monthly from June to August (June 10, July 10 and August 10) in 5 locations with their coordinates; Ibadan (Transitional-Rain forest, Lat.7.23′N;Long.3.55′); Ilora (Derived savannah, Lat.8.54′N;Long4.54′E); Ikenne (High Rain forest, Lat.6.92′N;Long.9.46′N); Orin Ekiti (Rain forest, Lat.7.49′N;Long.5.14′E) and Kishi (Southern Guinea Savannah, Lat.9.46′N; Long.3.52′E). Gross Margin (GM) analysis was used to determine the profitability and suitability of the different planting periods. The results show that total variable cost (TVC) in Orin Ekiti for each planting time was the highest (₦705,650:00). The least TVC (₦250,000) was from August plantings in Ikenne. The GM value for a sum of ₦701,650 and ₦1,736,400 were obtained from Kishi and Ilora respectively while ₦1,441.750, ₦184,750, ₦1,224,950 were obtained for the months of June plantings in Orin-Ekiti, Ikenne and Ibadan respectively. July and August plantings recorded low GM. The GM value of June planting was significantly higher in all the locations. The results of the retting techniques revealed that chemical retting had a greater efficiency in the processing of fibre while tank retting is technically supported due to its potability and availability.
A Comprehensive Review on Biosimilars: Present & Future
Authors: Garai Pratik , Chakraborty Arindam , Banerjee Madhumita , Mukherjee Payel
Published: December 2024

For providing treatment about most complex disease like cancer, hormone inadequacy, kidney problems, life-threatening and many types of rare illnesses biologics are conducting a major role of the biopharmaceutical market. But there are many problems faces that’s are a highly complex process, patent expires, cost effective etc. for those type of reason and more patient demand a similar drug is making which is as similar as biologics drug, simple making process, and less costly. A biologic is a medicine that is biosimilar medical product which is subsequently adaptation of the biologic product or almost an identical substitute of the original product which is manufactured by other brand of company. Although biosimilar drug has FDA approved for manufacturing but they also have to require a different approval for those drug marketing, since they are the reason why they are not a generic form of biologics. Biosimilar drug are not exact copy the originator drug, they are similarly designed the innovator drug. This paper mainly highlighted to the current scenario of biosimilar drug in biopharmaceutical field also the future result of this similar biologic drug in biopharmaceutical field. Biosimilars are hardly offer to promising that it was a beneficial and less cost-effective site for patient and doctors also.
Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Improving Vegetable Crop Productivity: A Review
Authors: Verma Subhash , Upadhyay Ashutosh , Kumari Manju , Kumar Amrendra , Kumar Ashutosh , Kumar Sapan , Sunny  , Tandle Shivani Sunil
Published: December 2024

Vegetable crops are one of the most critical sources of world nutrition and food security. However, optimal productivity can be challenging to achieve often due to biotic as well as abiotic factors. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) have evolved as effective tools for improving the growth and development of vegetables and stress resilience. This review discusses the major categories of PGRs, including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and salicylic acid. Key physiological mechanisms, such as growth modulation, stress tolerance, and nutrient uptake, are discussed. They have different (PGRs) helpful under drought condition (ABA), and many of (PGRs) helpful for molecular aspect (genome editing tool CRISPR/Cas9) such as gibberellins. The review also highlights challenges, practical applications, and future research directions to maximize the benefits of PGRs in sustainable vegetable production.
Structure prediction of honey bee vitellogenin: a multi‐domain protein important for insect immunity
Authors: Leipart Vilde , Montserrat‐Canals Mateu , Cunha Eva S. , Luecke Hartmut , Herrero‐Galán Elías , Halskau Øyvind , Amdam Gro V.
Published: October 2021

Vitellogenin (Vg) has been implicated as a central protein in the immunity of egg‐laying animals. Studies on a diverse set of species suggest that Vg supports health and longevity through binding to pathogens. Specific studies of honey bees (Apis mellifera) further indicate that the vitellogenin (vg) gene undergoes selection driven by local pathogen pressures. Determining the complete 3D structure of full‐length Vg (flVg) protein will provide insights regarding the structure–function relationships underlying allelic variation. Honey bee Vg has been described in terms of function, and two subdomains have been structurally described, while information about the other domains is lacking. Here, we present a structure prediction, restrained by experimental data, of flVg from honey bees. To achieve this, we performed homology modeling and used AlphaFold before using a negative‐stain electron microscopy map to restrict, orient, and validate our 3D model. Our approach identified a highly conserved Ca2+‐ion‐binding site in a von Willebrand factor domain that might be central to Vg function. Thereafter, we used rigid‐body fitting to predict the relative position of high‐resolution domains in a flVg model. This mapping represents the first experimentally validated full‐length protein model of a Vg protein and is thus relevant for understanding Vg in numerous species. Our results are also specifically relevant to honey bee health, which is a topic of global concern due to rapidly declining pollinator numbers.
Computational Modeling of Metal Separations by Solvent Extraction
Authors: Carrick Andrew I. , Morrison Carole A.
Published: October 2021

Society requires metals for a wide range of applications, with almost every metal having an industrial application. Solvent extraction processes, originally designed for the recovery of uranium from spent nuclear waste, can provide a sustainable means of separating and purifying metals from primary and secondary sources. It is important to understand the mode of action of current systems to aid the rational design of new, more efficient solvent extraction processes as demand for metal separation technology grows. Herein, we review the application of a variety of computational techniques in understanding and developing solvent extraction processes. The use of classical and quantum mechanical models to study both the aqueous and organic phases, as well as the phase boundary, is considered.
The Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Optimization Program
Authors: Langer‐Gould Annette , Cheng Stephen C. , Li Bonnie H. , Kanter Michael H.
Published: October 2021

Objective

To design and implement a health system level intervention to reduce escalating multiple sclerosis (MS) disease modifying treatment (DMT) expenditures and improve outcomes.

Methods

We conducted stakeholder meetings, reviewed pharmacy utilization data, and abstracted information in subsets of persons with MS (pwMS) from the electronic health record to identify gaps in, and barriers to improving, quality, and affordability of MS care in Kaiser Permanente Southern California. These results informed the development and implementation of the MS Treatment Optimization Program (MSTOP).

Results

The two main gaps identified were under‐prescribing of highly effective DMTs (HET, 4.9%) and the preferred formulary DMT (20.9%) among DMT‐treated pwMS. The main barriers identified were prescribers’ fear of rare but serious HET side effects, lack of MS‐specific and health systems science knowledge, Pharma influence, evidence gaps, formulary decisions‐based solely on costs, and multidirectional mistrust between neurologists, practice leaders, and health plan pharmacists. To overcome these barriers MSTOP developed four strategies: (1) risk‐stratified treatment algorithm to increase use of HETs; (2) an expert‐led ethical, cost‐sensitive, risk‐stratified, preferred formulary; (3) proactive counter‐launch campaigns to minimize uptake of new, low‐value DMTs; and (4) discontinuation of ineffective DMTs in progressive, non‐relapsing MS. The multicomponent MSTOP was implemented through education, training, and expanding access to MS‐trained providers, audit and feedback, and continual evidence reviews.

Interpretation

The causes of wasteful spending on MS DMTs are complex and require multiple strategies to resolve. We provide herein granular details of how we designed and implemented our health system intervention to facilitate its adaption to other settings and conditions.