bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Psycho-social Problems of COVID-19 Affected Young Adults Living in Madakasira Town of Anantapuram District Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Haritha Y. D. , Bilquis  , Prasanthi S. , Kumari M. S. Chaitanya , Prakash K. Kiran
Published: June 2023

The threat of Covid-19 pandemic was very severe and entire world was placed on lockdown and government imposed social restrictions, quarantine, and self-isolation had detrimental impact on peoples psycho-social health due to increased loneliness, distrust, and reduced social interaction. It interfered with daily functioning and disturbed plan for the future. They confronted with number of new challenges, experienced lack of emotional support, making arrangement for hospital stays and appointments all these made vulnerable. The Covid pandemic made individual to perceive fear, stress, anxiety, depression, dissatisfaction. Poor psycho-social aspects is all about not feeling optimistic about self, not being able to form good relations and unable to be flexible to cope up (WHO, 2022). The main focus of the study was to swot on “Study on psycho-social problems of covid-19 affected young adults living in Madakasira town of Anantapuram district Andhra Pradesh”. Purposive random sampling technique was selected for the study. The respondents were selected from Madakasira urban area of Anantapuram district, Andhra Pradesh. Male and Female who are in the age group of 18-35 years affected with covid-19 will be selected for the study. The group consists of 30 covid-19 affected young adults of 15 males and 15 females from Madakasira town for the study. Covid-19 psycho-social problems questionnaire was developed by the researcher with the guidelines of subject experts it was pre-tested to other sample before going to actual sample. The study found that effects of pandemic on one's psycho-social health people's behavior may greatly affect the pandemic's dynamic by altering the severity, transmission, disease flow, and repercussions. The situation requires raising awareness in public, which can be helpful to deal with the calamity. With adequate support and timely intervention, young people experiencing psycho-social distress may be able to bounce back as individual to recover from the Covid‑19 crisis. Psychosocial preparedness by setting up mental organizations specific for future pandemics is certainly necessary.
School-based Management Challenges and Coping Strategies in the Secondary Educational System of Puerto Princesa City and Palawan during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Omar Dawin H. , Perez David R. , Mabuhay-Omar Jhonamie A.
Published: June 2023

Educators’ coping methods are becoming more widely recognized worldwide as a critical element of a resilient educational system. This study aimed to assess the educational challenges faced by school heads, teachers, and parents during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the four aspects of school-based management (SBM) practices, and to evaluate the different coping strategies adopted. A triangulation research design and a cross-sectional study approach were used, utilizing the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) Inventory. The study was conducted in the Divisions of Puerto Princesa City (PPC) and Palawan secondary schools with a total of 735 respondents. The findings revealed that challenges were fairly evident across all four aspects of SBM practices in the PPC and Palawan Divisions. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test showed significant differences in the level of challenges encountered by secondary school heads between the two Divisions, specifically in "leadership and governance" (W=45, p-value=0.010), "curriculum and instruction" (W=114, p-value=0.000), "accountability and continuous improvement" (W=56, p-value=0.012), and "management of resources" (W=16, p-value=0.028). Results from Brief COPE indicated that the most used coping mechanism by school heads and teachers was “active coping,” with 3.65±0.42 and 3.85±0.69 respectively, while for parents, “self-distraction” (3.33±0.0) accounts the most used domain. Parents and school heads had high coping skills in the domains of “active coping,” “denial,” and “behavioral disengagement,” while “self-distraction” was also highly manifested by school heads. However, teachers had high coping skills in all 14 domains of the Brief COPE. The Wilcoxon test found no significant differences in the varying coping strategies of school head (W=97, p-value=0.982), teachers (W=118, p-value=0.370), and parents (W=119, p-value=0.334) between PPC and Palawan Divisions. This study paves opportunities to implement a customized intervention program based on the perceived needs of these stakeholders as a starting point to address the challenges they faced during the pandemic.
Neterthon Syndrome Revealed by Recurrent Skin Infections: A Case Report
Authors: Jaabouti Ghizlane , Hafidi Naima El , Mahraoui Chafiq
Published: June 2023

Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a triad of symptoms including a scaly skin condition known as circumflex linear ichthyosis, hair shaft abnormalities known as trichorrhexis invaginata, and an atopic terrain which predisposes patients to allergic reactions and asthma.

The disorder is caused by mutations in the SPINK5 gene which encodes for a serine protease inhibitor called LEKTI. This leads to a disruption in the skin's natural barrier function and a hyperactive immune response, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of NS.

Newborns with NS may have a poor prognosis, with possible life-threatening complications and high postnatal lethality. However, the symptoms can improve with age and growth, and management of the disorder is aimed at controlling the symptoms and preventing complications such as infections. Symptomatic treatment for cutaneous xerosis and management of infections are commonly used. Additionally, topical emollients and systemic immunoglobulin therapy may be used to help manage the condition.

We present a clinical case that can help raise awareness about rare diseases such as Netherton syndrome and improve early diagnosis and management. It is important for healthcare providers to be familiar with the clinical and etiological characteristics of these conditions to ensure that patients receive appropriate care and treatment.

The reported case is an infant of 3 months old, who presents from the age of 2 months a cutaneous xerosis under the care of a dermatologist, and managed by symptomatic treatment. Based on the clinical presentation and examination (The hair trichoscopy), the infant have Netherton syndrome with a superimposed bacterial infection leading to ichthyosis linearis circumflexa superinfected.
Developing Genetic Coefficients of Sorghum Cultivars Using Gencalc and Glue Genetic Coefficient Estimators in DSSAT
Authors: Praveenkumar P. , Sathyamoorthy N. K. , Dheebakaran G. A. , Karthikeyan R. , Palanisamy Jeevanand , Naveen S. A. , Sachin S.
Published: June 2023

DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) is a software system used for crop growth and development, soil and water balance, nutrient cycling, climate change impact simulations and precision agriculture. The objective of this study was to calibrate and validate the sorghum cultivars TNAU sorghum CO 30 and K12 under various sowing windows and fertilizer applications. CERES-Sorghum model (DSSAT v 4.7.5) was calibrated and validated using experimental field data obtained from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The  derived  genotype  co-efficients  of  sorghum cultivars simulated the phenology, growth and yield accurately well under various sowing windows  and  nitrogen  levels. The nRMSE (Normalised Root Mean Square Error) values for simulations for grain yield were 2.4 per cent and 8.8 per cent for TNAU sorghum CO 30 and K12, respectively. The mean simulated grain yield was 3127 kg/ha against the observed grain yield of 3052 kg/ha in TNAU CO 30 sorghum. The mean observed grain yield was 3312 kg/ha against the observed grain yield of 3020 kg/ha K 12. The model satisfactorily simulated the phenology and yield of sorghum cultivars, and hence it can be used in undertaking suitable management practices and yield prediction under changing climatic conditions in the western region of Tamil Nadu.
Sustainable Maize Based Cropping Sequences for Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka, India
Authors: Patil R. H. , Kumbar Parashuram , Dhage S. Sagar
Published: June 2023

Maize in SW monsoon and sorghum, wheat and chickpea during winter are the important crops in Northern Transition Zone (NTZ) of Karnataka, India. But, due to rising temperature and erratic rainfall patterns the productivity and profitability of maize based cropping sequences are being threatened under rainfed condition. As a result, a modelling research was conducted utilising the DSSAT model's seasonal analysis tool to test and determine sustainable and profitable cropping sequences for current climates of NTZ in Karnataka state. Field experiments were conducted from 2015 to 2018 to calibrate and validate the DSSAT model for four crop cultivars (maize, chickpea, wheat, and sorghum) grown under rainfed conditions on deep black soils, and then the DSSAT model's sequential analysis tool was run for 32 years (1985-2016) for three cropping sequences (maize-sorghum, maize-wheat, and maize-chickpea). The yield, number of years the crop failed throughout different seasons, and the B:C ratio of each sequence were used in the simulated output study. Out of 32 years maize crop, grown during kharif, failed three times whereas, during rabi season wheat, sorghum and chickpea failed nine, eight and five years, respectively.  Out of 32 years maize-sorghum sequence recorded the highest B:C ratio (2.86) followed by maize-chickpea (2.82) and maize-wheat (2.66). Considering chances of crop failure, B:C ratio and owing to cereal followed by short duration legume, maize-chickpea sequence under rainfed condition was proven to be the most reliable and profitable system for NTZ of Karnataka under of current climate.
Evaluation of the Possibility of Establishing Certain Organic Cultivation Packages as Nutrient Sources for Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Cultivation at Temperate Region of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Durga  , Singh K. C. , Chauhan R. S. , Goswami G. , Bhosale T. A. , Manju  , Haobijam J. W.
Published: June 2023

An utmost attempt was made to investigate the response of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) to certain types and doses of organic manures at under open condition at temperate regions of Uttarakhand during the year 2019-2020. The study comprised of varying levels of three different organic manure sources namely, FYM, compost and vermicompost, along with a check treatment replicating thrice having plot having dimensions 1 m× 1 m with a spacing of 20 cm × 20 cm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Forty-five (45) days old chamomile seedlings (attained about 10-15 cm in height) were transplanted during October, 2019 under open field condition. The soils of the experimental site were tested favourable with respect to some of the basic physical and chemical properties. The results revealed that maximum plant height (48.26 cm), number of branches per plant (35.40) and plant spread (33.09 cm) were significantly higher under T4 (FYM @ 25 t/ha) application at 180 days after transplanting. Application of T10 (VC @ 4 t/ha) produced early flowering (119.73 days). At bud initiation stage the highest total fresh (33.12 q/ha) and dry (7.59 q/ha) biomass yield were found in T4 (FYM @ 25 t/ha). At flowering stage maximum value of total fresh (60.02 q/ha) and dry (12.70 q/ha) biomass yield were found in T10 (VC @ 4 t/ha). The results, further revealed that T10 provided the fastest crop growth rate (0.86 g/m2/day). The highest number of flowers per plant (139.73), fresh flower yield (67.35 q/ha), dry flower yield (13.95 q/ha) and maximum cost: benefit (1:3.56) were obtained in plots which received FYM @ 25 t/ha. All the organic input treatments performed better over control and the treatment FYM @ 25 t/ha shall be recommended for profitable organic cultivation of chamomile.
Fungal and Parasitic Diseases Seen in Tissue Biopsies at a Tertiary Health Center in Southwest Nigeria in a Five-Year Period
Authors: Olaofe Olaejirinde Olaniyi , Soremekun Ademola Idowu , Olopade Bolatito Opeyemi , Oladele James Oluwatomi
Published: June 2023

Aim: To describe the clinical and pathological features of the various fungal and parasitic diseases seen at our hospital over a five-year period.

Study Design: This is a retrospective study of records of fungal and parasitic diseases.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was done at the Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife from January 2018 to December 2022.

Methods: The tissue sections of each case went through routine processing in the histopathology laboratory. The slides of the sections were viewed using a simple binocular microscope. The slides were scanned using APERIO CS2 digital slide scanner.

Results: Eight cases of fungal infections and eleven cases of parasitic infections were noted during the study period. Aspergillosis accounted for five of the fungal infections, while mucormycosis accounted for two nasal infections. Schistosomiasis accounted for six cases of parasitic infections.

Conclusion:  Aspergillosis was the most diagnosed fungal infection while Schistosomiasis was the commonest parasitic infection. Digital stain separation could be an added tool in identification of fungal and parasitic stages in histological tissue sections.
Communication of Positive Lung Cancer Screening Findings and Receipt of Recommended Follow-up Care
Authors: Henderson Louise M. , Durham Danielle D. , Long Jason , Lamb Derek , Lane Lindsay M. , Rivera M. Patricia
Published: June 2023

This cohort study evaluates associations of communication methods and content of positive lung cancer screening findings with receipt of recommended follow-up care.
Roll‐to‐Roll Printing of Anomalous Nernst Thermopile for Direct Sensing of Perpendicular Heat Flux
Authors: Tanaka Hirokazu , Higo Tomoya , Uesugi Ryota , Yamagata Kazuto , Nakanishi Yosuke , Machinaga Hironobu , Nakatsuji Satoru
Published: June 2023

The anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) converts heat flux perpendicular to the plane into electricity, in sharp contrast with the Seebeck effect (SE), enabling mass production, large area, and flexibility of their devices through ordinary thin‐film fabrication techniques. Heat flux sensors, one of the most promising applications of ANE, are powerful devices for evaluating heat flow and can lead to energy savings through efficient thermal management. In reality, however, SE caused by the in‐plane heat flux is always superimposed on the measurement signal, making it difficult to evaluate the perpendicular heat flux. Here, ANE‐type heat flux sensors that selectively detect a perpendicular heat flux are fabricated by adjusting the net Seebeck coefficient in their thermopile circuit with mass‐producible roll‐to‐roll sputtering methods. The direct sensing of perpendicular heat flux using ANE‐based flexible thermopiles, as well as their simple fabrication process, paves the way for the practical application of thin‐film thermoelectric devices.
Ethnic differences in hepatocellular carcinoma prevalence and therapeutic outcomes
Authors: Chavda Vivek , Zajac Kelsee K. , Gunn Jenna Lynn , Balar Pankti , Khadela Avinash , Vaghela Dixa , Soni Shruti , Ashby Charles R. , Tiwari Amit K.
Published: June 2023

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. The incidence of HCC is affected by genetic and non‐genetic factors. Genetically, mutations in the genes, tumor protein P53 (TP53), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), AT‐rich interaction domain 1A (ARIC1A), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), mannose 6‐phosphate (M6P), smooth muscle action against decapentaplegic (SMAD2), retinoblastoma gene (RB1), cyclin D, antigen presenting cells (APC), AXIN1, and E‐cadherin, have been shown to contribute to the occurrence of HCC. Non‐genetic factors, including alcohol consumption, exposure to aflatoxin, age, gender, presence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), increase the risk of HCC.

Recent Findings

The severity of the disease and its occurrence vary based on geographical location. Furthermore, men and minorities have been shown to be disproportionately affected by HCC, compared with women and non‐minorities. Ethnicity has been reported to significantly affect tumorigenesis and clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with HCC. Generally, differences in gene expression and/or the presence of comorbid medical diseases affect or influence the progression of HCC. Non‐Caucasian HCC patients are significantly more likely to have poorer survival outcomes, compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Finally, there are a number of factors that contribute to the success rate of treatments for HCC.

Conclusion

Assessment and treatment of HCC must be consistent using evidence‐based guidelines and standardized outcomes, as well as international clinical practice guidelines for global consensus. Standardizing the assessment approach and method will enable comparison and improvement of liver cancer research through collaboration between researchers, healthcare providers, and advocacy groups. In this review, we will focus on discussing epidemiological factors that result in deviations and changes in treatment approaches for HCC.
Theoretical Insights of Degenerate ZrS2 as a New Buffer for Highly Efficient Emerging Thin‐Film Solar Cells
Authors: Arockiya-Dass Kaviya Tracy , Sekar Karthick , Marasamy Latha
Published: June 2023

SnS, Sb2Se3, Cu2SnS3, CuSb(S,Se)2, and Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 are emerging as promising light absorbers for thin‐film photovoltaics due to their extraordinary optoelectronic properties. However, improper band alignment with the buffer and large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit limits their power conversion efficiencies (PCE). Therefore, finding a suitable buffer that overcomes these obstacles is crucial. Herein, ZrS2 as an alternative buffer for the aforementioned emerging thin‐film solar cells using SCAPS‐1D is proposed. The important ZrS2 parameters are optimized, including bandgap, thickness, carrier concentration, and defect density. Interestingly, ZrS2 behaves as a degenerate semiconductor at carrier concentrations >1E17 cm−3, improving the conductivity of the solar cells; it also demonstrates a high defect tolerance nature when the defect density lies between 1E12 and 1E18 cm−3. After ZrS2 parameters optimization, the built‐in potential of SnS, Sb2Se3, Cu2SnS3, CuSb(S,Se)2, and Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 solar cells is enhanced by 0.2, 0.58, 0.05, 0.42, and 0.3 V, respectively, reducing recombination rate. Upon optimizing absorbers parameters, a PCE > 35% for SnS, Sb2Se3, and CuSb(S,Se)2 while >32% for Cu2SnS3 and Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 solar cells is accomplished with low VOC loss (≈0.1 V). The absorbers must have high carrier concentration (1E20 cm−3) and low defect density (1E14 cm−3) to achieve these PCEs.
A rapid review of the scalability of interventions targeting obesity prevention in infants
Authors: Yoong Sze Lin , Turon Heidi , Wong Carrie K. , Grady Alice , Pearson Nicole , Sutherland Rachel
Published: June 2023

Issue Addressed

Obesity in children is one of the most significant public health issues globally. Given the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children, there is a need to identify effective obesity prevention efforts that can be delivered at scale to improve child health. We aimed to (i) identify obesity prevention interventions targeted at children aged 0–2 that have been scaled‐up, and their relative efficacy compared to their pre‐scale trial, (ii) describe adaptations made, and the extent to which factors related to scalability have been reported.

Methods

We conducted a rapid review of pre‐scale randomised controlled trials targeting nutrition, physical activity and obesity prevention in infants, and calculated the relative effect size for relevant outcomes in the corresponding scaled up trial. We documented adaptations made to the pre‐scale trial for scale up, and explored how different components of scalability had been reported according to the Intervention Scalability Assessment Tool.

Results

Of the 14 identified pre‐scale trials, only one formal evaluation of the scale‐up trial was identified. For body mass index, <10% of the effect was retained, however for nutrition and behavioural outcomes, the proportion of effect retained varied from −11.1% to 144%. Significant adaptations to modality were made in the scaled up trial primarily to reduce cost and increase reach of the intervention. Reporting of scalability components varied across the 14 trials, with only one trial reporting information for all assessed components.

Conclusions

The majority of effective interventions targeting obesity prevention in infants have not been evaluated in a scaled up form. The magnitude of effect retained for the single trial that was scaled up was variable. In general, reporting of components of scalability was sub‐optimal.

So What?

The findings suggest that there is substantial need for the development and rigorous evaluation of obesity prevention interventions in children aged 0–2 which are amenable for scale.
Coherent Combining for High‐Power Kerr Combs
Authors: Kim Bok Young , Okawachi Yoshitomo , Jang Jae K. , Ji Xingchen , Lipson Michal , Gaeta Alexander L.
Published: June 2023

Kerr frequency combs enable the miniaturization of comb sources for applications such as data communications and spectroscopy. However, due to the high field confinement and effective nonlinearity, Kerr combs typically operate with low output comb powers. While nonsolitonic Kerr combs operating in the normal group velocity dispersion (GVD) regime can access high pump‐to‐comb conversion efficiencies and relatively flat spectral profiles, many frequency comb applications require even higher comb‐line powers that are otherwise fundamentally unattainable without the use of optical amplifiers. A high efficient coherent beam combining of Kerr combs is demonstrated via on‐chip synchronization to greatly enhanced comb‐line powers. Two normal GVD Kerr combs are coherently combined for a 2.9 dB increase in comb power compared to a single comb while maintaining a high total pump‐to‐comb conversion efficiency of 26%. Lastly, it is shown that via spectral engineering of two normal GVD combs, it should be possible to significantly increase the spectral flatness of a combined comb. This platform enables fully integrated systems with powers that can readily exceed that of an individual comb system by more than an order of magnitude.
Twistocaloric Modeling of Elastomer Fibers and Experimental Validation
Authors: Mei Guangkai , Li Jiatian , Feng Danyang , Qian Dong , Liu Zunfeng
Published: June 2023

The twistocaloric effect is attributed to the change in entropy of the material driven by torsional stress. It is responsible for the torsional refrigeration of fiber materials that has been widely exploited as one of the solid‐state cooling techniques with high efficiency and low volume change rate. The lack of theories and mathematical models of twistocaloric effect, however, limits broad applications of torsional refrigeration. In this work, a twistocaloric model is established to capture the relationship between twist density and temperature variation of natural rubber fibers and thermoplastic elastomer yarns. An experimental setup consisting torsion actuator and torque sensor coupled with a temperature measurement system is built to validate the model. Using the Maxwell relationship, twistocaloric coefficient is measured by quantifying the thermal effect induced by torsion under shear strain. The experimental characterization of the twistocaloric effect in natural rubber fiber and thermoplastic elastomer yarn are consistent with the theoretical predictions.
Social compensation of performance drops in dyadic exercises—Two experiments testing the role of relationship quality
Authors: Boss Martin , Pels Fabian , Kleinert Jens
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the social compensation of performance drops in a team setting depends on the relationship quality. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1: In a team‐building condition, the relationship quality between subject and confederate was manipulated. The performance situation consisted of an isometric strength task. A joint team result had to be achieved in a second run, whereby the subject received manipulated feedback on the confederate's performance, hence suggesting a sudden drop. The results showed no compensation effect. Experiment 2: Given that one potential reason for the lack of effect appeared to be the isometric holding task, the study design was maintained, but the task was modified into a dynamic one. Performance drops were compensated for. However, the relationship quality did not affect compensation behavior. It is possible that implicit team building through the necessary joint agreement on goals interfered with the effect in both conditions.
Chinese character unitization enhances recollection‐based associative recognition: Evidence from fMRI
Authors: Zhao Chunyu , Peng Yubin , Liu Zejun , Wei Ping , Guo Chunyan
Published: June 2023

Previous research has suggested that familiarity can enhance associative memory after unitization, but the cognitive mechanisms underlying unitization remain debated. To explore the neural mechanisms of associative memory after unitization in the absence of semantic relations, we used Chinese characters as stimuli and recorded participants' blood oxygen level‐dependent signals during recognition. Behavioral results showed that after Chinese character unitization, not only the associative performance of recognition (Pr, hit rate minus false alarm rate) and general Pr but also the hit rate and correct rejection rate increased. Neuroimaging results revealed activation of the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus during associative recognition in both the unitized and the non‐unitized condition, and hippocampal activation increased after unitization. However, activation of the perirhinal cortex was not observed in either condition. These findings, in contrast to those from previous studies on unitization, suggest that Chinese character unitization enhances recollection‐based, rather than familiarity‐based, associative recognition. This suggests that the encoding of semantic relations during unitization is critical for subsequent familiarity‐based associative recognition.
Referral Priority Programs
Authors: Cui Shiliang , Wang Zhongbin , Yang Luyi
Published: June 2023

This chapter presents a model of the referral priority program, an emerging business practice adopted by a growing number of technology companies that manage a wait list of customers. It enables existing customers on the wait list to gain priority access if they successfully refer new customers to the wait list. Unlike more commonly used referral reward programs, this novel mechanism does not offer monetary compensation to referring customers but leverages customers’ own disutility of delays to create referral incentives. Despite this appealing feature, our queueing-game-theoretic analysis finds the effectiveness of such a scheme as a marketing tool for customer acquisition, and an operational approach for wait-list management depends crucially on the underlying market conditions, particularly the base market size of organic customers. The referral priority program does not generate referrals when the base market size is either too large or too small. When customers do refer, the program could actually backfire, namely, by reducing the system throughput and customer welfare, if the base market size is intermediately large. This phenomenon occurs because the presence of referred customers severely cannibalizes the demand of organic customers. We also compare the referral priority program with the referral reward program and find that the referral priority program is more profitable when the base market size is intermediately small. We further solve for the optimal scheduling rule of the referral priority program and find that in addition to full priority and FIFO, partial priority and strategic delay can also emerge in the optimal mechanism. This chapter is primarily based on Yang and Debo (Manag Sci 65(5):2231–2248, 2019) and Yang (Manuf Serv Oper Manag 23(5):1139–1156, 2021) where interested readers can find proofs of the results shown in this chapter.
Search for lepton-flavor-violating τ decays into a lepton and a vector meson using the full Belle data sample
Authors:   The Belle collaboration, Tsuzuki N. , Inami K. , Adachi I. , Aihara H. , Asner D. M. , Atmacan H. , Aushev T. , Ayad R. , Babu V. , Banerjee Sw. , Behera P. , Belous K. , Bennett J. , Bessner M. , Bhuyan B. , Bilka T. , Biswas D. , Bodrov D. , Borah J. , Bozek A. , Bračko M. , Branchini P. , Browder T. E. , Budano A. , Campajola M. , Červenkov D. , Chang M.-C. , Cheon B. G. , Chilikin K. , Cho H. E. , Cho K. , Cho S.-J. , Choi S.-K. , Choi Y. , Choudhury S. , Cinabro D. , Cochran J. , Das S. , Dash N. , De Nardo G. , De Pietro G. , Dhamija R. , Di Capua F. , Doležal Z. , Dong T. V. , Dossett D. , Dubey S. , Epifanov D. , Ferber T. , Ferlewicz D. , Fulsom B. G. , Gaur V. , Giri A. , Goldenzweig P. , Guan Y. , Gudkova K. , Han X. , Hara T. , Hayasaka K. , Hayashii H. , Hedges M. T. , Herrmann D. , Hou W.-S. , Hsu C.-L. , Iijima T. , Ipsita N. , Ishikawa A. , Itoh R. , Iwasaki M. , Jacobs W. W. , Jang E.-J. , Jia S. , Jin Y. , Kawasaki T. , Kiesling C. , Kim C. H. , Kim D. Y. , Kim K.-H. , Kim Y.-K. , Kinoshita K. , Kodyš P. , Konno T. , Korobov A. , Korpar S. , Kovalenko E. , Križan P. , Krokovny P. , Kumar M. , Kumara K. , Kuzmin A. , Kwon Y.-J. , Lee S. C. , Li J. , Li L. K. , Li Y. , Libby J. , Lieret K. , Lin Y.-R. , Liventsev D. , Ma Y. , Martini A. , Masuda M. , Matsuoka K. , Matvienko D. , Maurya S. K. , Meier F. , Merola M. , Miyabayashi K. , Mizuk R. , Mohanty G. B. , Nakao M. , Natkaniec Z. , Natochii A. , Nayak L. , Niiyama M. , Nisar N. K. , Nishida S. , Ogawa S. , Ono H. , Oskin P. , Pakhlova G. , Pang T. , Pardi S. , Park H. , Park J. , Park S.-H. , Passeri A. , Paul S. , Pedlar T. K. , Pestotnik R. , Piilonen L. E. , Podobnik T. , Prencipe E. , Prim M. T. , Rostomyan A. , Rout N. , Russo G. , Sandilya S. , Sangal A. , Santelj L. , Savinov V. , Schnell G. , Schwanda C. , Seino Y. , Senyo K. , Sevior M. E. , Shan W. , Shapkin M. , Sharma C. , Shiu J.-G. , Solovieva E. , Starič M. , Sumihama M. , Sumiyoshi T. , Takizawa M. , Tamponi U. , Tanida K. , Tenchini F. , Uchida M. , Uglov T. , Unno Y. , Uno S. , Urquijo P. , Ushiroda Y. , Vahsen S. E. , Varner G. , Vinokurova A. , Wang D. , Wang E. , Wang M.-Z. , Wang X. L. , Watanuki S. , Xu X. , Yabsley B. D. , Yan W. , Yang S. B. , Yelton J. , Yook Y. , Yuan L. , Zhai Y. , Zhilichand V. , Zhukova V.
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Charged-lepton-flavor-violation is predicted in several new physics scenarios. We update the analysis of τ lepton decays into a light charged lepton (ℓ = e± or μ±) and a vector meson (V0 = ρ0, ϕ, ω, K*0, or $$ \overline{K} $$

K
¯

*0) using 980 fb−1 of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB collider. No significant excess of such signal events is observed, and thus 90% credibility level upper limits are set on the τ → ℓV0 branching fractions in the range of (1.7–4.3) × 10−8. These limits are improved by 30% on average from the previous results.
Who Migrates and Who Returns in a Context of Free Mobility? An Analysis of the Reason for Migration, Income and Family Trajectories
Authors: Weber Rosa , Saarela Jan
Published: June 2023

The establishment of free mobility in Europe has lowered barriers to movement and given rise to diversity in migration and integration patterns. However, in part due to data constraints, it is difficult to study migration motives, integration and return migration together. Using linked Finnish and Swedish register data covering the period 1988–2005, we address these processes within the same framework and study how the reason for migration and trajectories at the destination relate to return migration. In particular, we assess the migration motives of 13,948 Finnish migrants in Sweden using pre- and post-migration information. Finland and Sweden have been part of the common Nordic labour market since 1954, which has allowed Nordic citizens to move without barriers between the two countries. We also study how income trajectories and trajectories of family formation differ across the assessed motives, and analyse how return migration risks are shaped by the motive and by trajectories of income and family formation. Results reveal that labour and tied migrants are initially more likely to have family abroad than student migrants. Student migrants instead continue their education and experience a steeper income increase. The income of student migrants eventually catches up and surpasses that of labour migrants. Return migration risks are shaped by trajectories at the destination, but also by the initial migration motive. These findings underline the importance of assessing diversity across migrants to gain a better understanding of how different migrant groups fare in the destination country and how this relates to subsequent moves.
Gamification Framework for Participatory Modeling: A Proposal
Authors: Bakhanova Elena , Garcia Jaime A. , Raffe William L. , Voinov Alexey
Published: June 2023

Problem structuring methods imply the involvement of stakeholders and aim to create a shared understanding of the problem and commitment among them. The process and outcomes of such interventions entirely depend on the stakeholder’s level of engagement and willingness to contribute to the discussion. Gamification, in its turn, has been extensively used to increase engagement in an activity and nudge certain behaviors. Several gamification frameworks exist for stakeholder engagement; however, none fully considers the context of the modeling workshops with stakeholders.

In this paper, we focus on a specific method for problem structuring, called Participatory Modeling (PM), and aim to explore the essential components and steps to gamify the PM process. We look at the literature on gamification, stakeholder engagement, problem structuring methods and, specifically, PM. Based on this analysis, we propose a gamification framework for PM, which includes the steps commonly mentioned in other existing frameworks and more nuanced features within each step that are specific to the PM context. Emphasis is given to analyzing the context of the gamified activity, including such aspects as participants, group interaction, and modeling. In addition, consideration of ethical points and potential risks of gamification is suggested as a necessary step to prevent undesired side effects during the gamified PM process.

The gamification framework for PM leads to a variety of ways in which gamified intervention can be designed and incorporated into the process. Further research on the appropriateness of gamification use, practical applications, their evaluation, and risks associated with gamified interventions can contribute to the extension and clarification of the proposed framework.
Preventive Pharmacovigilance: timely and precise prevention of adverse events through person-level patient screening and dose-level product surveillance
Authors: Yu Yihua Bruce , Briggs Katharine T. , Taraban Marc B.
Published: June 2023

The goal of pharmacovigilance (PV) is to prevent adverse events (AEs) associated with drugs and vaccines. Current PV programs are of a reactive nature and rest entirely on data science, i.e., detecting and analyzing AE data from provider/patient reports, health records and even social media. The ensuing preventive actions are too late for people who have experienced AEs and often overly broad, as responses include entire product withdrawals, batch recalls, or contraindications of subpopulations. To prevent AEs in a timely and precise manner, it is necessary to go beyond data science and incorporate measurement science into PV efforts through person-level patient screening and dose-level product surveillance. Measurement-based PV may be called ‘preventive pharmacovigilance’, the goal of which is to identify susceptible individuals and defective doses to prevent AEs. A comprehensive PV program should contain both reactive and preventive components by integrating data science and measurement science.
“The Jogger and the Wolfpack”: An Analysis of the TRANSITIVITY Patterns in the Global Media Coverage of the 1989 Central Park Five Case
Authors: Bartley Leanne Victoria
Published: June 2023

Common causes of wrongful conviction include eyewitness misidentification, improper forensics, or false confessions (Garrett in Convicting the innocent: where criminal prosecutions go wrong, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2011; Innocence Canada, https://www.innocencecanada.com/causes-of-wrongful-convictions/); whilst none of these factors are in question in this paper, the notion put forward is that a more implicit factor is also at play; that is, the newspaper coverage of a criminal case during the lead up to trial. According to Felton Rosulek (Text Talk 28:529–550, 2008), “[…] linguistic choices conspire together […] and create a specific interpretation of reality”. Thus, this paper explores how the accused and the (alleged) criminal events pertaining to a high-profile case of the 1980s in New York are discursively framed in a range of press coverage across the USA and further afield. The corpus comprises newspaper articles reporting on the Central Park Jogger case, which resulted in the wrongful conviction and lost freedom of five innocent young men. Using corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis (CADS) (Partington and Marchi, in: Biber, Reppen (eds) The Cambridge handbook of English corpus linguistics, Cambridge University Press, 2015; Stubbs in Text and corpus analysis. Computer-assisted studies of language and culture. Blackwell, Oxford, 1996), the Transitivity patterns (Halliday and Matthiessen in Halliday’s introduction to functional grammar, Routledge, London, 2014) present in the press coverage are examined to gain insights into whether the portrayal of (1) the accused and (2) the victim at the centre of this case may have contributed to securing a wrongful conviction. Furthermore, this paper strives to (1) draw awareness to wrongful convictions more generally and (2) contribute to studies on Transitivity, which serve to highlight societal injustice and the power of printed news when determining the innocence or guilt of an accused individual. To acquire both quantitative and qualitative results, the UAM Corpus Tool (O’Donnell in UAM Corpus Tool, http://www.corpustool.com/) was also employed here.
The Subjective and Psychological Well-Being of Children in South Africa: a Population-Based Study
Authors: Savahl Shazly , Adams Sabirah , Hoosen Phadiel
Published: June 2023

Objective and subjective indicators reflect distinct but complementary information on children’s lives. While South Africa has well-developed reporting systems and reasonable data on children’s objective living conditions, there is a substantial lack of data as it relates to subjective indicators – that is what children think and feel, and how they evaluate their overall life and different aspects of their lives. This study is conceptualised to contribute to the data on children’s subjective and psychological well-being. We used a nationally representative population-based sample to provide an analysis of children’s subjective well-being (including context-free cognitive life-satisfaction, domain-based cognitive life-satisfaction, and positive and negative affect) and psychological well-being (eudaimonic perspective) across the nine provincial regions, age (10- to 12-years-old), gender (boys and girls), geographical context (urban and rural), and socio-economic status (low, lower-middle, and middle). We used data from the South African Children’s Worlds Study, with a nationally representative sample of 7 428 children (10- and 12-years-old), selected from primary schools in all nine provincial regions in South Africa. We found an appropriate fit structure for all the measuring instruments, and confirmed measurement invariance across provincial region, age, gender, geographical context, and socio-economic status. The scores on these separate components on children’s subjective and psychological well-being represent normative scores, and can be generalised to 10- and 12-year-old children across the country.
Spreading speed of a food-limited population model with delay
Authors: Tian Ge , An Ruo-fan
Published: June 2023

This paper is concerned with the spreading speed of a food-limited population model with delay. First, the existence of the solution of Cauchy problem is proved. Then, the spreading speed of solutions with compactly supported initial data is investigated by using the general Harnack inequality. Finally, we present some numerical simulations and investigate the dynamical behavior of the solution.
Wie ein einzelnes Neuron das Überleben eines Fadenwurmes sichert
Authors: Sinner Marina , Busack Inka , Bringmann Henrik
Published: June 2023

Sleep is a vital behavioral and physiological state. It is controlled by conserved genes and neuronal circuit mechanisms. In the round worm Caenorhabditis elegans, one single neuron called RIS is essential for sleep. During sleep, RIS activates to shut down behavior and to support survival. Here, we summarize how stress leads to the activation of RIS signaling through immunity and longevity signaling pathways and how the single RIS neuron becomes crucial for the round worm to survive.
Interaktion zwischen Wirtszellen und Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Kozjak-Pavlovic Vera , Beier Dagmar
Published: June 2023

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human-specific pathogen, causing the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea. Gonococci are adapted at evading the immune response, but although an uncomplicated infection can be easily treated, the increase in antibiotic resistance is the cause of concern. Here we present our latest contributions to N. gonorrhoeae research, elucidating various aspects of the infection and the role of known and novel pathogenicity factors in the interaction of these bacteria with the host.
Live Cell Imaging zeigt, wie Tau den axonalen Transport ausbremst
Authors: Conze Christian , Trushina Nataliya I. , Brandt Roland
Published: June 2023

Tau is a cytoskeletal protein that regulates microtubule polymerization in the axon. In diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, tau forms insoluble aggregates in the somatodendritic compartment. How tau regulates microtubule assembly without disrupting axonal transport and how tau dysfunction contributes to disease remains unclear. Here, we show how live cell imaging and super-resolution microscopy can help solve key questions about the physiological and pathological role of tau.
Nu Niet Zwanger in bijna twee derde van alle gemeenten in Nederland
Authors: Cloin Mariëlle , Rust Laura , Jeeninga Wendy , van Sambeek Daniëlle
Published: June 2023

Samenvatting

Het programma Nu Niet Zwanger is gericht op het voorkomen van onbedoelde zwangerschappen bij mensen in kwetsbare omstandigheden. Hulpverleners in het sociaal en medisch domein gaan daartoe tijdens reguliere contactmomenten met hun eigen cliënten (m/v) in gesprek over hun kinderwens. Ze ondersteunen hen bij het maken van een geïnformeerde en vrijwillige keuze, en bieden desgewenst begeleiding bij het kiezen en het realiseren van anticonceptie. Onderzoek laat zien dat de ervaringen van hulpverleners en cliënten met Nu Niet Zwanger positief zijn en leverde ook verbeterpunten op. Begin 2023 wordt het programma in bijna twee derde van de gemeenten in Nederland uitgevoerd en ligt de focus op structurele, landelijke borging.
De Academie voor Patiënt en Mantelzorger: een palet aan activiteiten ter ondersteuning van de eigen regie van patiënten en hun mantelzorgers
Authors: Bosveld Matthijs H. , van Bokhoven Marloes A. , Smits Anne G. M. , Mertens Helena J. M. M. , Klein Dorthe O. , van Zandvoort Michel , van Mook Walther N. K. A.
Published: June 2023

Samenvatting

De Maastricht UMC+ Academie voor Patiënt en Mantelzorger is opgericht om patiënten en mantelzorgers optimaal te ondersteunen bij het zelf voeren van de regie over hun zorg en gezondheid. Een palet aan activiteiten biedt patiënten en mantelzorgers de mogelijkheid om in toenemende mate als volwaardig partner in het zorgteam te participeren. Daarnaast beoogt de Academie voor Patiënt en Mantelzorger waarde te creëren aan de hand van de quadruple aim: toegenomen gezondheid als gevolg van het zelfstandig uitvoeren van zelfmanagementtaken op een passende en veilige manier, waarmee thuiszorgaanvragen voorkomen worden, ziekenhuisopnamen worden verkort en zorgpersoneel werkdrukverlichting ervaart en op duurzame wijze wordt ingezet.
Multiple space based cascaded center point network for object detection
Authors: Jiang Zhiqiang , Dong Yongsheng , Pei Yuanhua , Zheng Lintao , Tao Fazhan , Fu Zhumu
Published: June 2023

For the purpose of object detection, numerous key points based methods have been suggested. To alleviate the imbalance problem that some objects may be missing when a single-center-point based network is used for object detection, we propose a brand-new multiple space based cascaded center point network (MSCCPNet) for object detection. Particularly, we first bulid a novel structure to alleviate the imbalance problem in detecting different scale objects by scanning more objects in different scale spaces. We then propose a cascaded center point structure to predict the category and confidence of the object by integrating the results of the two centers with the idea of choosing the high confidence and discarding the low confidence. Finally, we determine the object’s location by predicting the center point deviation as well as the width and height of the object. Our MSCCPNet shows competitive accuracy when compared with many sample classical object detection algorithms on GeForce RTX 2080Ti, according to the results of experiments on PASCAL VOC datasets and COCO datasets.
Nonlinear optics in graphene: theoretical background and recent advances
Authors: Ornigotti Marco , Carvalho David N. , Biancalana Fabio
Published: June 2023

We present a comprehensive review of the optical response of graphene, in both the linear and nonlinear regime. This will serve as a reference for both beginners and more experienced researchers in the field. We introduce, derive, and extensively discuss the Dirac–Bloch equations framework, central to describing electron–photon interaction in nonperturbative, gapless materials. We use this model to re-derive several known results in the linear regime, such as the universal absorption law, and to describe the nonlinear interaction of ultrashort pulses with graphene. We compare the validity of the Dirac–Bloch equations model with the traditional Semiconductor-Bloch equations and point out advantages and shortcomings of the two models. Lastly, we present a cutting-edge model for describing the nonlinear optical response of graphene when bending becomes important, a situation that deeply affects the output spectra, and can provide insight to a novel, effective way to manipulate light in two-dimensional media.