bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone Hook Reduction Technique Combined with Lateral Parapatellar Arthrotomy for Periprosthetic Distal Femoral Fractures Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Technical Note
Authors: Shon Oog‐Jin , Kim Gi Beom , On Je Won
Published: June 2022

Objective

To report a bone hook reduction technique combined with lateral parapatellar arthrotomy for periprosthetic distal femoral fractures following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

From April 2012 to June 2018, a total of 31 knees who underwent this technique for the treatment of periprosthetic distal femoral fractures following TKA were retrospectively reviewed. Through a lateral parapatellar arthrotomy, the vastus lateralis fascia was dissected from the muscle belly to allow anteromedial mobilization of the muscles. With direct visualization of the posteriorly angulated distal fragment, a bone hook was placed on the anterior flange of the femoral component. The hook was then elevated to correct the posteriorly angulated and shortened distal fragment. The coronal and sagittal alignments of the distal segment with the femoral shaft were confirmed using fluoroscopic images, and internal fixation was performed using an anatomically pre‐contoured lateral locked plate. Once the overall length and sagittal plane alignment were restored, the plate was inserted via the previous articular approach. The plate was centered on the femur using anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopy and then fixed.

Results

A total of 28 patients underwent internal fixation using the bone hook reduction technique combined with lateral parapatellar arthrotomy for the treatment of periprosthetic distal femoral fractures following TKA. The average age at operation was 70.9 years (range, 62–83 years), and the average follow‐up period was 17.5 months (range, 12–48.5 months). Fractures were classified as Su type I (13/28 [46.4%]), type II (11/28 [39.3%]), and type III (4/28 [14.3%]). Bone union was confirmed radiographically in all patients.

Conclusion

The bone hook reduction technique is a simple and effective method to reduce the distal fragment in periprosthetic distal femoral fractures following TKA.
Use of Ilizarov Device to Gain Early Range of Motion in the Treatment of Pediatric Talus Body Fractures: A Series of Four Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Zhu WenTao , Chu ShuJuan , Li Qi , Rai Saroj , Liu WenQi , Tang Xin
Published: June 2022

Background

Talus fractures are rare in children but can lead to severe outcomes if untreated. The Ilizarov external fixator has been used in the treatment of a variety of lower extremity pathologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of talus body fractures treated with the Ilizarov external fixator.

Case Presentation

Four male pediatric patients (age range, 5–11 years) with talus body fractures who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation combined with Ilizarov external fixator between November 2015 and April 2016 were reviewed. Mean follow‐up period was 4 years (range, 4–5). Clinical outcome was evaluated using the clinical rating scale of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS). All four patients achieved good to excellent results at the last follow‐up. None of the patients developed avascular necrosis. One patient developed automatic fusion of tibiotalar joint.

Conclusion

Use of the Ilizarov external fixator to gain early range of motion is a valuable option for treatment of talus body fractures in children.
The association between carotid flow time and fluid responsiveness in children under general anesthesia
Authors: Lin Elaina E. , Glau Christie , Conlon Thomas W. , Chen Aaron E. , Kaplan Summer L. , Posada Adriana , Nishisaki Akira
Published: June 2022

Background

Fluid administration in children undergoing surgery requires precision, however, determining fluid responsiveness can be challenging. Ultrasound has been used widely in the emergency department and intensive care units as a noninvasive, bedside manner of determining volume status, but the intraoperative period presents unique challenges as often the chest and abdomen are inaccessible for ultrasound. We investigate whether carotid artery ultrasound, specifically carotid flow time, can be used to determine fluid responsiveness in children under general anesthesia.

Methods

Prospective observational study of 87 children ages 1–12 years who were scheduled for elective noncardiac surgery. Ultrasound of the carotid artery and heart was performed at three time points: (1) after inhalational induction of anesthesia with the subject spontaneously breathing, (2) during positive pressure ventilation through endotracheal tube or supraglottic airway with tidal volume set at 8 ml/kg with PEEP of 10 cmH2O, and (3) after a 10 ml/kg fluid bolus. Carotid flow time and cardiac output were measured from saved images.

Results

Corrected carotid flow time (FTc) increased with initiation of positive pressure ventilation in both fluid responders and nonresponders (352.7 vs. 365.3 msec, p = .005 in fluid responders; 348.3 vs. 365.2 msec, p = .001 in nonresponders). FTc increased after fluid bolus in both responders and nonresponders (365.3 vs. 397.6 msec, p < .001 in fluid responders; 365.2 vs. 397.2 msec, p < .001 in nonresponders). However, baseline FTc during spontaneous ventilation or positive pressure ventilation prior to fluid bolus was not associated with fluid responsiveness.

Discussion

Flow time increases with initiation of positive pressure ventilation and after administration of a fluid bolus. FTc may serve as an indicator of fluid status but does not predict fluid responsiveness in children under general anesthesia.
Fluid bolus administration in children, who responds and how? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Villarreal Enrique G. , Farias Juan S. , Flores Saul , Bronicki Ronald A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Fluid boluses are frequently utilized in children. Despite their frequency of use, there is little objective data regarding the utility of fluid boluses, who they benefit the most, and what the effects are.

Aims

This study aimed to conduct pooled analyses to identify those who may be more likely to respond to fluid boluses as well as characterize clinical changes associated with fluid boluses.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis was conducted to identify pediatric studies investigating the response to fluid boluses and clinical changes associated with fluid boluses.

Results

A total of 15 studies with 637 patients were included in the final analyses with a mean age of 650 days ± 821.01 (95% CI 586 to 714) and a mean weight of 10.5 kg ± 7.19 (95% CI 9.94 to 11.1). The mean bolus volume was 12.14 ml/kg ± 4.09 (95% CI 11.8 to 12.5) given over a mean of 19.55 min ± 10.16 (95% CI 18.8 to 20.3). The following baseline characteristics were associated with increased likelihood of response [represented in mean difference (95% CI)]: greater age [207.2 days (140.8 to 273.2)], lower cardiac index [−0.5 ml/min/m2 (−0.9 to −0.3)], and lower stroke volume [−5.1 ml/m2 (−7.9 to −2.3)]. The following clinical parameters significantly changed after a fluid bolus: decreased HR [−5.6 bpm (−9.8 to −1.3)], increased systolic blood pressure [7.7 mmHg (1.0 to 14.4)], increased mean arterial blood pressure [5.5 mmHg (3.1 to 7.8)], increased cardiac index [0.3 ml/min/m2 (0.1 to 0.6)], increased stroke volume [4.3 ml/m2 (3.5 to 5.2)], increased central venous pressure [2.2 mmHg (1.1 to 3.3)], and increased systemic vascular resistance [2.1 woods units/m2 (0.1 to 4.2)].

Conclusion

Fluid blouses increase arterial blood pressure or cardiac output by 10% in approximately 56% of pediatric patients. Fluid blouses lead to significant decrease in HR and significant increases in cardiac output, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance. Limited published data are available on the effects of fluid blouses on systemic oxygen delivery.
Clearance of atypical cutaneous manifestations of hyper‐IgE syndrome with dupilumab
Authors: Nihal Aman , Comstock Jeanette R. , Holland Kristen E. , Singh Anne Marie , Seroogy Christine M. , Arkin Lisa M.
Published: June 2022

Hyper‐IgE syndromes (HIES) are a heterogeneous group of rare primary immunodeficiency diseases classically characterized by the triad of atopic dermatitis, and recurrent cutaneous and pulmonary infections. Autosomal dominant, loss‐of‐function STAT3 pathogenic variants are the most common genetic cause, which lead to deficiency of Th17 lymphocytes, impaired interferon gamma production, and IL‐10 signal transduction, and an unbalanced IL‐4 state. Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody to the IL‐4a receptor, inhibits both IL‐4 and IL‐13, and has been shown to improve atopic dermatitis and other manifestations of HIES including asthma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. We present a pediatric patient with HIES who presented predominantly with eosinophilic folliculitis, recurrent cutaneous infections, and other non‐eczematous findings and achieved sustained clearance with dupilumab.
Evaluation of 1H‐NMR Spectroscopy‐Based Quantification Methods of the Supramolecular Aggregation of a Molecular Photosensitizer†
Authors: Pehlken Christian , Pfeffer Michael G. , Reich Katharina , Rau Sven
Published: June 2022

The supramolecular dimerization of a ruthenium polypyridyl precursor of a well‐developed family of hydrogen‐evolving photocatalysts via π–π interactions of the polyheteroaromatic bridging ligand was quantified with concentration‐dependent 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The data sets were analyzed with different calculation and fit methods. A comparison between the results of direct calculation and linear and nonlinear approaches showed that the application of a global nonlinear fit procedure yields the best results. The presented methods are also applicable for dimerization processes in the solution of other molecular moieties.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Effects on secondary metabolite accumulation of traditional Chinese medicines
Authors: Ran Z. , Ding W. , Cao S. , Fang L. , Zhou J. , Zhang Y.
Published: June 2022

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a pivotal role in maintaining the health of people, and the intrinsic quality of TCM is directly related to the clinical efficacy. The medicinal ingredients of TCM are derived from the secondary metabolites of plant metabolism and are also the result of the coordination of various physiological activities in plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are among the most ubiquitous plant mutualists that enhance the growth and yield of plants by facilitating the uptake of nutrients and water. Symbiosis of AMF with higher plants promotes growth and helps in the accumulation of secondary metabolites. However, there is still no systematic analysis and summation of their roles in the application of TCM, biosynthesis and accumulation of active substances of herbs, as well as the mechanisms. AMF directly or indirectly affect the accumulation of secondary metabolites of TCM, which is the focus of this review. First, in this review, the effects of AMF symbiosis on the content of different secondary metabolites in TCM, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids, are summarized. Moreover, the mechanism of AMF regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites was also considered, in combination with the establishment of mycorrhizal symbionts, response mechanisms of plant hormones, nutritional elements and expression of key enzyme their activities. Finally, combined with the current application prospects for AMF in TCM, future in‐depth research is planned, thus providing a reference for improving the quality of TCM. In this manuscript, we review the research status of AMF in promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites in TCM to provide new ideas and methods for improving the quality of TCM.
How should firms adapt pricing strategies when consumers are time‐inconsistent?
Authors: Li Li , Jiang Li
Published: June 2022

Empirical evidence indicates that consumers subjectively weigh the near future more heavily than the further future. When purchasing investment products, they make payments and exert efforts before receiving payoffs. Due to the time difference between incurring cost and receiving payoff, subjective discounting can cause consumers to exhibit time‐inconsistent purchase behavior. We investigate the impact of this consumer behavior on the pricing strategies of two competing firms that sell quality‐differentiated products. In a two‐period setting, each consumer purchases the product of a firm in period one or two or leaves without a purchase. Each firm adopts either dynamic pricing to adjust prices over periods or static pricing to commit to a price. We demonstrate that a firm should adopt a strategy alongside a price trajectory that suits the magnitude of consumers’ time inconsistency and the quality of its product. Stronger time inconsistency of consumers strengthens the firm's incentive to adopt dynamic pricing. The skimming policy to decrease prices over time is not necessarily optimal for a firm adopting dynamic pricing. Static pricing is not always effective in deterring purchase postponement by consumers but can undermine a firm's profit. Compared to when both firms adopt dynamic pricing, the firm selling the high‐quality product is more likely to suffer profit loss due to consumers’ self‐control problem by unilaterally adopting static pricing, while the firm selling the low‐quality product is more likely to suffer profit loss due to lack of pricing flexibility in managing demands from differential consumer segments when both firms adopt static pricing.
A new clinical prediction rule for pulmonary embolism: What's new?
Authors: Chunilal Sanjeev Daya , Bennett Ashwini
Published: June 2022

See related article
Social network subtypes among socially disconnected older adults at risk for suicide: A latent class analysis
Authors: Parkhurst Kimberly A. , Daks Jennifer S. , Conwell Yeates , Podgorski Carol A. , Van Orden Kimberly A.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

We sought to characterize the social networks of older adults who report feeling lonely or like a burden on others, psychological states that are associated with risk for suicide according to the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide.

Methods

We used a latent class analysis to identify distinct groups of older adults based on social network characteristics and perceptions of their networks within a sample of older adults endorsing loneliness and/or feeling like a burden. We examined associations between class membership and mental health outcomes.

Results

Four network types were identified: small, cohabitating networks with daily contact; moderate‐sized family‐oriented networks with multiple contacts weekly; moderate‐sized friend‐oriented networks with weekly contact; and average‐sized mixed networks with weekly contact. The friend‐oriented class reported the greatest loneliness, perceived burden, and lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts.

Conclusions

Social network composition may be more explanatory of loneliness and perceived burden than number of members alone. Profile differences in outcomes suggest utilizing tailored social connectedness interventions. Individuals with small‐to‐moderate networks may benefit most from interventions designed to build friendships. Individuals with many close confidants may benefit most from psychotherapy. Individuals reporting moderately frequent contact with moderately‐sized networks may benefit from both intervention types.
Can a measurement error perspective improve estimation in neighborhood effects research? A hierarchical Bayesian methodology
Authors: Mayer Duncan J. , Fischer Robert L.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Neighborhood effects research often employs aggregate data at small geographic areas to understand neighborhood processes. This article investigates whether empirical applications of neighborhood effects research benefit from a measurement error perspective.

Methods

The article situates neighborhood effects research in a measurement error framework and then details a Bayesian methodology capable of addressing measurement concerns. We compare the proposed model to conventional linear models on crime data from Detroit, Michigan, as well as two simulated examples that closely mirror the sampling process.

Results

The Detroit data example shows that the proposed model makes substantial differences to parameters of interest and reduces the mean squared error. The simulations confirm the benefit of the proposed model, regularly recovering parameters and conveying uncertainty where conventional linear models fail.

Conclusion

A measurement error perspective can improve estimation for data aggregated at small geographic areas.
Identifying critical DO2 with compensatory reserve during simulated hemorrhage in humans
Authors: Koons Natalie J. , Moses Catherine D. , Thompson Patrick , Strandenes Geir , Convertino Victor A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Based on previous experiments in nonhuman primates, we hypothesized that DO2crit in humans is 5–6 ml O2·kg−1 min−1.

Study Design and Methods

We measured the compensatory reserve (CRM) and calculated oxygen delivery (DO2) in 166 healthy, normotensive, nonsmoking subjects (97 males, 69 females) during progressive central hypovolemia induced by lower body negative pressure as a model of ongoing hemorrhage. Subjects were classified as having either high tolerance (HT; N = 111) or low tolerance (LT; N = 55) to central hypovolemia.

Results

HT and LT groups were matched for age, weight, BMI, and vital signs, DO2 and CRM at baseline. The CRM‐DO2 relationship was best fitted to a logarithmic model in HT subjects (amalgamated R2 = 0.971) and a second‐order polynomial model in the LT group (amalgamated R2 = 0.991). Average DO2crit for the entire subject cohort was estimated at 5.3 ml O2·kg−1 min−1, but was ~14% lower in HT compared with LT subjects. The reduction in DO2 from 40% CRM to 20% CRM was 2‐fold greater in the LT compared with the HT group.

Conclusions

Average DO2crit in humans is 5.3 ml O2·kg−1 min−1, but is ~14% lower in HT compared with LT subjects. The CRM‐DO2 relationship is curvilinear in humans, and different when comparing HT and LT individuals. The threshold for an emergent monitoring signal should be recalibrated from 30% to 40% CRM given that the decline in DO2 from 40% CRM to 20% CRM for LT subjects is located on the steepest part of the CRM‐DO2 relationship.
Severity of nasopharyngeal collapse before and after corrective upper airway surgery in brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Clarke Dana L. , Reetz Jennifer A. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Holt David E.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To determine the severity of nasopharyngeal collapse in brachycephalic dogs before and after corrective airway surgery.

Animals

Twenty‐three brachycephalic dogs (21 with clinical signs referrable to the upper airway) and nine clinically normal nonbrachycephalic dogs (controls).

Methods

Dogs were evaluated with fluoroscopy awake and standing with the head in a neutral position. The magnitude of nasopharyngeal collapse was measured as the maximum reduction in the dorsoventral dimension of the nasopharynx during respiration and expressed as a percentage. Brachycephalic dogs were anesthetized, the airway evaluated, and corrective upper airway surgery (alaplasty, staphylectomy, sacculectomy, tonsillectomy) was performed. A cohort (n = 11) of the surgically treated brachycephalic dogs had fluoroscopy repeated a minimum of 6 weeks after surgery.

Results

Median preoperative reduction in the dorsoventral dimensions of the nasopharynx was greater in brachycephalic dogs (65%; range: 8–100%) than in controls (10%; range: 1–24%,p = .0001). Surgery did not improve the reduction in dorsoventral diameter of the nasopharynx during respiration in brachycephalic dogs (n = 11) postoperatively (p = .0505).

Conclusion and clinical significance

Nasopharyngeal collapse was a common and sometimes severe component of brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome in the cohort of dogs evaluated. The lack of significant postoperative improvement may represent a type II error, a failure to adequately address anatomical abnormalities that increase resistance to airflow, or inadequate upper airway dilator muscle function in some brachycephalic dogs.
One Health Consensus Report Annotation Checklist (OH‐CRAC): A cross‐sector checklist to support harmonized annotation of surveillance data in reports
Authors: Lopez de Abechuco Estibaliz , Dórea Fernanda , Buschhardt Tasja , Scaccia Nazareno , Günther Taras , Foddai Alessandro , Dups‐Bergmann Johanna , Filter Matthias
Published: June 2022

To facilitate cross‐sector integration of surveillance data it is necessary to improve and harmonize the meta‐information provided in surveillance data reports. Cross‐sector integration of surveillance results in sector‐specific reports is frequently difficult as reports with a focus on a single sector often lack aspects of the relevant meta‐information necessary to clarify the surveillance context. Such reporting deficiencies reduce the value of surveillance reports to the One Health community. The One Health Consensus Report Annotation Checklist (OH‐CRAC), described in this paper along with potential application scenarios, was developed to improve the current practice of annotating data presented in surveillance data reports. It aims to provide guidance to researchers and reporting officers on what meta‐information should be collected and provided to improve the completeness and transparency of surveillance data reports. The OH‐CRAC can be adopted by all One Health‐related sectors and due to its cross‐sector design, it supports the mutual mapping of surveillance meta‐information from sector‐specific surveillance reports on federal, national and international levels. To facilitate the checklist completion, OH‐CRAC is also available as an online resource that allows the collection of surveillance meta‐information in an easy and user‐friendly manner. Completed OH‐CRAC checklists can be attached as annexes to the corresponding surveillance data reports or even to individual data files regardless of the data source. In this way, reports and data become better interpretable, usable and comparable to information from other sectors, improving their value for all surveillance actors and providing a better foundation for advice to risk managers.
COVID‐19 coagulopathy – what should we treat?
Authors: Chowdary Pratima
Published: June 2022

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?

Overview of the coagulation abnormalities, including elevated D‐dimers widely reported with COVID‐19, often labelled as COVID coagulopathy.

What advances does it highlight?

The review highlights the changes in bronchoalveolar haemostasis due to apoptosis of alveolar cells, which contributes to acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome; the pathophysiological mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction and damage responsible for thrombosis of pulmonary microcirculation and potential contribution to the hypoxaemia of COVID‐19 acute lung injury; and changes in coagulation proteins responsible for the hypercoagulability and increased risk of thrombosis in other venous and arterial beds. The rationale for anticoagulation and fibrinolytic therapies is detailed, and potential confounders that might have led to less than expected improvement in the various randomised controlled trials are considered.

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) causes acute lung injury with diffuse alveolar damage, alveolar–capillary barrier disruption, thrombin generation and alveolar fibrin deposition. Clinically, hypoxaemia is associated with preserved lung compliance early in the disease, suggesting the lack of excessive fluid accumulation typical of other lung injuries. Notably, autopsy studies demonstrate infection of the endothelium with extensive capillary thrombosis distinct from the embolic thrombi in pulmonary arteries. The inflammatory thrombosis in pulmonary vasculature secondary to endothelial infection and dysfunction appears to contribute to hypoxaemia. This is associated with elevated D‐dimers and acquired hypercoagulability with an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis. Hypercoagulability is secondary to elevated plasma tissue factor levels, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, reduced ADAMTS‐13 with platelet activation and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Multi‐platform randomised controlled studies of systemic therapeutic anticoagulation with unfractionated and low molecular mass heparins demonstrated a survival benefit over standard care with full‐dose anticoagulation in patients with non‐severe disease who require supplemental oxygen, but not in severe disease requiring ventilatory support. Late intervention and the heterogeneous nature of enrolled patients can potentially explain the apparent lack of benefit in severe disease. Improvement in oxygenation has been demonstrated with intravenous fibrinolytics in small studies. Inhaled anticoagulants, thrombolytic agents and non‐specific proteolytic drugs in clinical trials for decreasing alveolar fibrin deposition might benefit early disease. Essentially, COVID‐19 is a multi‐system disorder with pulmonary vascular inflammatory thrombosis that requires an interdisciplinary approach to combination therapies addressing both inflammation and intravascular thrombosis or alveolar fibrin deposits to improve outcomes.
Tuff, Flint, and Hazelnuts: Final Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Occupation at Netherhall Road, Maryport, Cumbria
Authors: Clarke Ann , Kirby Magnus ,   CFA Archaeology Ltd, Alldritt Diane , Brown Fraser
Published: June 2022

Evidence for Final Palaeolithic and Mesolithic occupation at Maryport, Cumbria, was discovered during the excavation of Roman occupation features by CFA Archaeology Ltd. A varied lithic assemblage was recovered including worked flint (55%) and tuff (43%), with the rest consisting of a small amount of chert, chalcedony, and rhyolite. Early occupation, probably dating to the Final Palaeolithic Federmesser-Gruppen, is demonstrated through different technological styles among the lithic assemblage. Three phases of activity were identified from cut features and there was a significant amount of charred hazelnut shell, which gave radiocarbon dates centring around 8200 cal BCE. This site provides the first clear evidence that tuff was exploited directly from sources in the Central Lake District, possibly as early as the Final Palaeolithic. The occupation evidence also demonstrates intensive processing of hazelnuts centring around 8200 cal BCE and lasting for 150–558 years. The dates and occupation span are almost identical to those derived from the Mesolithic structure at Cass ny Hawin 2 on the Isle of Man.
Las palabras pintadas de Comalapa: ts’íib en la obra de Negma Coy y Edgar Calel
Authors: Worley Paul M. , Palacios Rita
Published: June 2022

Este ensayo examina la obra de los autores-artistas Negma Coy y Edgar Calel, originarios de Chi Xot (San Juan Comalapa, Chimaltenango, Guatemala), a través del ts’íib. Irma Otzoy, Gaspar Pedro González y Pedro Uc Be, intelectuales mayas, explican el ts’íib como una producción artística que rebasa los límites de la palabra escrita. El ts’íib revela la palabra escrita, la grafía latina específicamente, como un instrumento más dentro de otras textualidades que participan en la creación de se mismo espacio de deleite y aprendizaje.
Representaciones de la violencia: familia, identidad trans, migración y “enfermedad” en El verbo J (2018), de Claudia Hernández
Authors: Rojas González José Pablo
Published: June 2022

Este artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre la violencia que se describe —en relación con la familia, la identidad trans, la migración y la “enfermedad” (el VIH-sida)— en la novela El verbo J (2018), de Claudia Hernández. Se estudian, por tanto, las distintas formas en las que el orden social y sexual comprime a los sujetos, sobre todo a aquellos que se encuentran en una situación miserable (porque ahí han sido ubicados). Nos centramos en el personaje principal del texto, para comentar las vulneraciones que sufre y lo que ellas implican en formas de rechazo, explotación, marginación, etc., pero también en formas de resistencia, convivencia y creación de vínculos solidarios.
Comment on “The early origin of a birdlike inner ear and the evolution of dinosaurian movement and vocalization”
Authors: David Romain , Bronzati Mario , Benson Roger B. J.
Published: June 2022

Hanson
et al
. (Research Articles, 7 May 2021, p. 601) claim that the shape of the vestibular apparatus reflects the evolution of reptilian locomotion. Using biomechanics, we demonstrate that semicircular canal shape is a dubious predictor of semicircular duct function. Additionally, we show that the inference methods used by Hanson
et al
. largely overestimate relationships between semicircular canal shape and locomotion.
The many faces of anthropogenic subsidence
Authors: Candela Thibault , Koster Kay
Published: June 2022

Shallow and deep human subsurface activities contribute to the total subsidence
Nitriles for the production of various amines
Authors: Monguchi Yasunari
Published: June 2022

Nitriles functionalize amines and ammonia under catalytic hydrogenation conditions
Can biofuels really fly?
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: June 2022

To get the carbon out of air travel, industry and government are trying, again, to turn farm and food waste into fuel
Why monkeypox is mostly hitting men who have sex with men
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: June 2022

The once slow spreading virus may have found a new niche in tightly connected sexual networks
Secretion into Milk of the Main Metabolites of the Anthelmintic Albendazole Is Mediated by the ABCG2/BCRP Transporter
Authors: Blanco-Paniagua Esther , Álvarez- Fernández Laura , Garcia-Lino Alba M. , Álvarez Ana I. , Merino Gracia
Published: June 2022

Albendazole (ABZ) is an anthelmintic with a broad-spectrum activity, widely used in human and veterinary medicine. ABZ is metabolized in all mammalian species to albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO), albendazole sulfone (ABZSO
2
) and albendazole 2-aminosulphone (ABZSO
2
-NH
2
).
Novel Engineered SARS-CoV-2 HR1 Trimer Exhibits Improved Potency and Broad-Spectrum Activity against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants
Authors: Bi Wenwen , Chen Guilin , Dang Bobo
Published: June 2022

Peptides derived from the SARS-CoV-2 HR1 region are generally poor inhibitors. Here, we constructed a trimeric peptide HR1MFd by fusing the trimerization motif foldon to the C terminus of the HR1 peptide.
Abracadabra, One Becomes Two: The Importance of Context in Viral −1 Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting
Authors: Penn Wesley D. , Mukhopadhyay Suchetana
Published: June 2022

The constrained nature of viral genomes has allowed a translational sleight of hand known as −1 Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting (−1 PRF) to flourish. Numerous studies have sought to tease apart the mechanisms and implications of −1PRF utilizing a few techniques.
Treponema pallidum Subspecies
Pallidum
Intrapatient Homogeneity at Various Body Locations in Men with Infectious Syphilis
Authors: Zondag H. C. A. , Nieuwenburg S. A. , Himschoot M. , van Dam A. P. , Schim van der Loeff M. F. , de Vries H. J. C. , Bruisten S. M.
Published: June 2022

Syphilis, caused by
Treponema pallidum
subspecies
pallidum
, is a complex multistage infectious disease. Systematic dissemination is known to occur within a few hours of transmission.
Supplemental Material: Fault zone architecture and lithology-dependent deformation mechanisms of the Himalayan frontal fold-thrust belt: Insights from the Nahan Thrust, India
Authors: Sarkar Dyuti Prakash , al. et
Published: June 2022

Figure S1: Samples from the fault core. Figure S2: X-ray diffraction patterns of undeformed and fault core rocks. Figure S3: (A) Backscattered electron image showing the elemental mapping area of the ultrafine band and adjacent area. (B–F) Elemental maps using electron dispersive spectroscopy, and representing abundance as the relative intensities of the corresponding colors. Table S1: Centrifugation parameters for grain size fractionation of samples for X-ray diffraction analysis. Table S2: Representative electron probe micro analyzer data. Table S3: GPS locations (WGS84) of sample collection points.
Exploring the psychological impact of working during COVID-19 on medical and nursing students: a qualitative study
Authors: Griffin Louise , Riley Ruth
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To identify the psychological impact of working during the COVID-19 pandemic on medical and nursing students’ psychological well-being. To inform recommendations for the provision of future student well-being support.

Design

An interpretative qualitative, semistructured interview study employing maximum variation sampling, snowball sampling and a thematic analysis.

Setting

A large West Midlands (UK) university with medical and nursing undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Study undertaken between January and May 2020.

Participants

A purposive sample of eight medical (six women and two men) and seven nursing (all women) students who worked >2 weeks in a healthcare setting during the COVID-19 pandemic (from 1 March 2020 onwards).

Results

Four core themes with corresponding subthemes were identified: (1) COVID-19 sources of distress—working conditions, exposure to suffering, death and dying, relationships and teams, individual inexperience and student identity, (2) negative impact on mental health and well-being—psychological and emotional distress, delayed distress, exhaustion, mental ill health, (3) protective factors from distress—access to support, environment, preparation and induction, recognition and reward, time for breaks and rest and (4) positive experiences and meaningful outcomes.

Conclusions

Student pandemic deployment has had a significant negative impact on students’ psychological well-being, as a result of demanding working conditions, unprecedented exposure to death and suffering and lack of preparation for new job roles. Universities and healthcare organisations must formally acknowledge this impact and provide well-being support for distressed students working in such challenging contexts. They must also establish more supportive and inclusive healthcare environments for medical and nursing students in future pandemic and postpandemic circumstances, through the implementation of support systems and adequate preparation.
What are the respiratory health research priorities in Alberta, Canada? A stakeholder consultation
Authors: Sharpe Heather , Cerato Lisa , Derech Darlene , Guirguis Lisa , Hayward Kathleen , Lohmann Tara , MacLean Joanna E , Manafo Elizabeth , Paskey Janice , Rasiah Jananee , Rimkus Mark , Rizvi Syeda Kinza , Robinson Gerry , Seefried Brent , Somani Zeeyaan , Tindall Mindy , Vliagoftis Harissios , Pendharkar Sachin R , Stickland Michael K
Published: June 2022

Objective

The Respiratory Health Strategic Clinical Network (RHSCN) was launched to facilitate respiratory and sleep health through implementation of innovative, patient-centred, evidence-informed coordinated services in Alberta. In collaboration with project partners, the RHSCN aimed to determine the respiratory research priorities for Alberta.

Design

The four phases of this research prioritisation project were (1) identifying research questions from stakeholders, (2) determining which research questions had been answered in existing literature, (3) prioritising unanswered questions and (4) finalising the priorities through an inperson workshop.

Setting

The study occurred in Alberta, Canada over a 2-year period beginning in March 2017.

Participants

A total of 448 patients, clinicians and other stakeholders consented to participate in the survey.

Results

A total of 595 possible questions were submitted, with 343 unique questions identified. Of the questions, 94 were out of scope, 155 answered by existing literature and 10 were combined with others, while 83 were determined to be unanswered in the literature. Stakeholders were surveyed again to prioritise the remaining 83 questions and they were reviewed by the project’s Steering Committee (clinicians and patients). At the inperson workshop, the Steering Committee identified 17 research topics as priority areas for respiratory and sleep research in Alberta.

Conclusion

A stakeholder-led research prioritisation process identified optimal clinical management/follow-up, equitable access to services, and management of social, psychological and mental health issues related to respiratory/sleep health as priority research areas.
Augmenting neurocognitive remediation therapy to Preventive Cognitive Therapy for partially remitted depressed patients: protocol of a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bockting Claudi , Legemaat Amanda M , van der Stappen Johanne G J , Geurtsen Gert J , Semkovska Maria , Burger Huibert , Bergfeld Isidoor O , Lous Nicoline , Denys Damiaan A J P , Brouwer Marlies
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects 163 million people globally every year. Individuals who experience subsyndromal depressive symptoms during remission (ie, partial remission of MDD) are especially at risk for a return to a depressive episode within an average of 4 months. Simultaneously, partial remission of MDD is associated with work and (psycho)social impairment and a lower quality of life. Brief psychological interventions such as preventive cognitive therapy (PCT) can reduce depressive symptoms or relapse for patients in partial remission, although achieving full remission with treatment is still a clinical challenge. Treatment might be more effective if cognitive functioning of patients is targeted as well since cognitive problems are the most persisting symptom in partial remission and predict poor treatment response and worse functioning. Studies show that cognitive functioning of patients with (remitted) MDD can be improved by online neurocognitive remediation therapy (oNCRT). Augmenting oNCRT to PCT might improve treatment effects for these patients by strengthening their cognitive functioning alongside a psychological intervention.

Methods and analysis

This study will examine the effectiveness of augmenting oNCRT to PCT in a pragmatic national multicentre superiority randomised controlled trial. We will include 115 adults partially remitted from MDD with subsyndromal depressive symptoms defined as a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score between 8 and 15. Participants will be randomly allocated to PCT with oNCRT, or PCT only. Primary outcome measure is the effect on depressive symptomatology over 1 year. Secondary outcomes include time to relapse, cognitive functioning, quality of life and healthcare costs. This first dual approach study of augmenting oNCRT to PCT might facilitate full remission in partially remitted individuals as well as prevent relapse over time.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained by Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam. Outcomes will be made publicly available.

Trial registration number

NL9582.
Contact investigation of tuberculosis in Brunei Darussalam: Evaluation and risk factor analysis
Authors: Chaw Liling , Abdul Hamid Rafizah , Koh Kai Shing , Thu Kyaw
Published: June 2022

Introduction

We evaluated the yield of tuberculosis (TB) contact investigation in Brunei Darussalam, and identified the associated factors for latent TB infection (LTBI) diagnosis, as well as for initiating and completing LTBI treatment.

Methods

Data were extracted and digitalised for all close contacts of pulmonary TB (PTB) cases at the National TB Coordinating Centre from January 2009 to December 2018. Generalising estimating equations logistic regression models were used to determine the associated factors. Manual matching against electronic health records system was done to identify contacts who had progressed to active TB disease.

Results

Among 10 537 contacts, 9.9% (n=1047) were diagnosed as LTBI, out of which 43.0% (n=450) initiated LTBI treatment. Among those who initiated, 74.0% (n=333) completed LTBI treatment. Contact factors associated with LTBI diagnosis include being male (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.18 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.34)), local (aOR=0.70 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.88)) and a household contact (aOR=1.59 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.99)). Contacts of index cases who were <60 years old and diagnosed as smear positive PTB (aOR=1.62 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.20)) had higher odds of being diagnosed with LTBI. Local LTBI cases had higher odds of initiating LTBI treatment (aOR=1.86 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.73)). Also, LTBI cases detected from local (aOR=2.32 (95% CI 1.08 to 4.97)) and smear positive PTB index cases (aOR=2.23 (95% CI 1.09 to 4.55)) had higher odds of completing LTBI treatment. Among 1047 LTBI cases, 5 (0.5%) had progressed to active PTB within 1–8 years post-LTBI diagnosis.

Discussion

LTBI burden is disproportionately high towards foreign nationals, with higher odds of LTBI diagnosis but lower odds of treatment initiation. Determining the reasons of not initiating LTBI treatment will be useful to help improve LTBI treatment uptake. Establishing digital databases and building TB laboratory capacity for molecular typing would be useful to determine the contribution of LTBI or reactivation towards TB incidence in Brunei.
Early-life exposure to economic stress and metabolic risks in young adulthood: the children of the reunification in East Germany
Authors: Bister Lara , Janssen Fanny , Vogt Tobias
Published: June 2022

Background

Research on the long-term health consequences of early-life exposure to economic crises is scarce. We examine for the first time the long-term effects of early-life exposure to an economic crisis on metabolic health risks. We study objective health measures, and exploit the quasi-experimental situation of the postreunification economic crisis in East Germany.

Methods

Data were drawn from two waves of the longitudinal German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (2003–2006, 2014–2017). We compared 392 East Germans who were exposed to the economic crisis in utero and at ages 0–5 with 1123 of their West German counterparts using propensity score matching on individual and family characteristics. We assessed blood pressure, cholesterol, blood fat and body mass index (BMI); both combined as above-average metabolic health risks and individually at ages 19–30.

Results

Early-life exposure to the economic crisis significantly increased the number of above-average metabolic health risks in young adulthood by 0.1482 (95% CI 0.0169 to 0.2796), which was 5.8% higher compared with no exposure. Among individuals exposed in utero, only females showed significant effects. Early-life exposure to the economic crisis was associated with increased systolic (0.9969, 95% CI −0.2806 to 2.2743) and diastolic blood pressure (0.6786, 95% CI −0.0802 to 1.4373), and with increased BMI (0.0245, 95% CI −0.6516 to 0.7001).

Conclusion

The increased metabolic health risks found for women exposed to the postreunification economic crisis in-utero are likely attributable to increased economic stress. While the observed differences are small, they may foreshadow the emergence of greater health disparities in older age.
Community participation in coastal and marine research and monitoring in Inuit Nunangat: a scoping literature review
Authors: Drake A.K. , Perkovic A. , Reeve C. , Alexander S.M. , Nguyen V.M. , Dunmall K.M.
Published: June 2022

In Canada, the participation of Indigenous communities in research and monitoring is growing in response to calls for partnerships and heightened interest in bridging Indigenous and Western science-based knowledge. Yet, as settler scholars, we have noted inconsistencies in the articulation and operationalization of community participation in peer-reviewed literature. We conducted a scoping review of community participation in coastal and marine research and monitoring across Inuit Nunangat. This resulted in 72 studies, most of which were undertaken in Nunavut. Fourteen terms were used to articulate community participation, the most common being: participate, collaborate, community-based, consult, or variations of these terms. Among the studies that used community participation terms, we found that authors only defined terms 10% of the time. Community participation was operationalized primarily through interviews, mapping, and field observations. We assessed studies across a spectrum of community participation levels and found that most studies (81%) reflected minimal levels of participation (i.e., consultative, contractual, and less than contractual). Our results highlight the need for clarity in language use, transparency in reporting research practices, and stronger efforts to support Indigenous leadership and decision-making authority, all of which must be defined on a community or project basis.
Genetic Evolution-Based Feature Selection for Software Defect Prediction Using SVMs
Authors: Goyal Somya
Published: June 2022

Software Defect Prediction (SDP) involves the early detection of fault-prone modules and reduces the testing efforts and cost. Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based SDP classifiers use large amount of high-dimensional data, and hence feature selection (FS) is applied for better accuracy. Search-based feature selection is found effective to improve the efficiency of predictors. This paper proposes a genetic evolution (GeEv) technique to select features. The GeEv technique involves introduction of diversity at intermediate level by the genetic evolution of random offspring with better survival capability. GeEv searches the feature space for an optimal feature subset using the performance of classification and number of features selected as the fitness function. The FS is modeled as an optimization problem and optimal solution is sought using GeEv. The performance is compared with baseline technique. From the experimental results, it is shown GeEv outperforms the competing FS approach and can achieve better accuracy than others statistically.
CNS: Application of Distributed Indexing Based on Large-Scale Graph Data in Legal Protection of Network Personal Information
Authors: Han Peiqing
Published: June 2022

In order to improve the legal protection effect of online personal information, this paper combines intelligent methods to analyze the application of distributed indexing for large-scale graph data in the legal protection of online personal information. Moreover, this paper designs a TreeRank semantic ranking model based on the characteristics of RDF data. In addition, this paper uses the matching algorithm to obtain the relevance ranking of the class to which the primary keyword belongs, improves the intelligent algorithm, and builds an intelligent distributed index structure. Finally, this paper simulates the distributed indexing system based on large-scale graph data in combination with the legal protection requirements of personal information, and verifies the validity of the model through experimental research.
On the regularity of multilinear Schrödinger integral operators
Authors: Bergfeldt Aksel , Staubach Wolfgang
Published: June 2022

We prove the global regularity of multilinear Schrödinger integral operators with non-degenerate phase function that are associated to nonlinear Schrödinger equations, with Banach domain and target spaces.