bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Transforming Growth Factor Signalling in Marrow Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Nazarali Samina , Khan Zia A
Published: January 2018

Bone marrow stem cells have the ability to self renew and differentiate into a multitude of different cell types. Of the various cell potentials, the endothelial differentiation process has been the least understood due to highly context dependent methods of regulation. It was previously found that following mesodermal induction, endothelial precursors emerged in association with inhibited transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling. To better understand the role of TGFβ signalling in the differentiation process, we treated bone marrow mononuclear cells with either a TGFβ pathway inhibitor, GW788388, or exogenous activating ligand, TGFβ1, and characterized the expression levels of various cellular markers. We demonstrate that neither treatment leads directly to an endothelial phenotype. Instead, we propose a two-step process of TGFβ and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signalling cross-talk, that could potentially be responsible for endothelial differentiation of bone marrow derived stem cells. Our ability to derive functional endothelial cells from postnatal stem cells may impact multiple fields of research, including the study of vascular regeneration and understanding the mechanisms underlying vascular disease.
Aplicación de la tecnología 3D en la restauración del conjunto escultórico "Los Portadores de la Antorcha", de la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid
Authors: Santos-Gómez Sonia , Zurdo Lucio , Ávila María , De Arriba Pablo , Bonnin Plácido R. , Galán Montaña , Tena Santiago , Terrón Pedro , Blanch Elena , Gil Rita
Published: January 2018

El conjunto escultórico Los Portadores de la Antorcha, realizado por la escultora estadounidense Anna Vaughn Hyatt Huntington, sufrió hace tres años el robo de uno de sus elementos constitutivos más importantes: la antorcha que portaba la figura situada en el plano inferior. Un equipo de investigación ha llevado a cabo la restitución de la pieza faltante y, para ello, ha empleado una combinación de la tecnología 3D con los tradicionales métodos de moldeo. Como planteamiento previo, se planteó la digitalización, mediante escáner 3D o fotogrametría, de algunas de las antorchas correspondientes a otras versiones que de la escultura existen en nuestro país (Valencia), así como en América. Debido a la imposibilidad, hasta el momento, de optar por esta medida, finalmente se ha puesto en práctica otra opción, que ha consistido en la realización del modelado 3D de la antorcha a partir de las seis fotografías de las que se disponía. Una vez se dispuso de este modelo 3D, se realizó el fresado 3D de la llama, así como el torneado de la parte inferior. De este modelo en resina de poliuretano se realizó su molde y después el vaciado final y mediante el empleo de una resina epoxi con filtro UV, de manera que el color de aluminio de la pieza permanezca lo más estable posible.
Consideraciones sobre transmedialidad, interdiscursidad e interactividad comunicacional en el Libro-arte digital (Hiperlibro-arte)
Authors: Crespo Bibiana
Published: January 2018

La consolidación del uso de tecnologías digitales en el arte, así como en cualquier tipo de manifestación cultural en general, ha derivado, en muchos casos, en una praxis creativa contemporánea caracterizada por la integración de diferentes medios de manera confluente, es decir, una producción artística contemporánea que se significa por la hibridación de ‘viejos’ y ‘nuevos’ medios, soportes, lenguajes y textualidades. A este escenario creativo liminal basado en la transmedialidad Jenkins lo ha denominado ‘convergencia cultural’. El objetivo del artículo es ofrecer una aproximación teórica-práctica comparada de los parámetros transmediales e interdiscursivos del Libro-arte digital (Hiperlibro-arte) teniendo en cuenta sus aptitudes como fenómeno de comunicación altamente interactivo en la escena del arte electrónico. Se analizan los conceptos transmedialidad e interdiscursividad como ‘modelos’ de un método de estudio del Libro-arte digital desde postulados semióticos. Asimismo, se establecen parangones entre dichos conceptos y Libros-arte digitales (Hiperlibros-arte) a fin de ilustrar, identificar y diferenciar diversas estrategias creativas utilizadas en este tipo de obras para articular su discurso, y por ende en la creación artística contemporánea de preceptos similares. Se ambiciona, a la postre, ofrecer herramientas para el análisis de obras fundamentadas en la concurrencia medial, las nuevas textualidades y los procesos comunicativos interactivos.
Reescribiendo la ciudad: contra-narrativas urbanas en la obra de Martha Rosler, Janet Cardiff y Candy Chang
Authors: Ortuño-Mengual Pedro , Lapeña-Gallego Gloria
Published: January 2018

El espacio urbano, concebido como un entramado vivo donde confluyen las distintas identidades que lo habitan y recorren, supone para el artista contemporáneo una fuente de inspiración y un lugar propicio para la acción y la experimentación. Con espíritu crítico, indaga en las problemáticas subterráneas que se esconden bajo la falsa idea de ciudad planificada, inerte y estable. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar algunas de las estrategias utilizadas en intervenciones artísticas y comunales, todas ellas tejidas en la trama social, que apelan al ciudadano desde la contra-narrativa o escritura democrática que desarma el discurso institucional y hegemónico que impera en la sociedad. Para ello, analizamos algunos de los proyectos llevados a cabo por tres artistas pertenecientes a tres generaciones distintas dentro del contexto americano de la posmodernidad: Martha Rosler, Janet Cardiff y Candy Chang, cuyo trabajo, de carácter reivindicativo al mismo tiempo que sutil, se centra en el sujeto urbano, la memoria del lugar, y en la poética del territorio como herramienta de transformación social.
Aprendizaje Basado en la Creación y Educación Artística: proyectos de aula entre la metacognición y la metaemoción
Authors: Caeiro-Rodríguez Martín
Published: January 2018

Para establecer la importancia de trabajar con el Aprendizaje Basado en la Creación en la formación escolar, nos introducimos en el origen educativo del aprendizaje por proyectos, diferenciamos el proyecto y el acto creador entre los diferentes tipos de proyectos conocidos, señalamos los aspectos más importantes de la acción creadora y su relación con la creatividad, ampliamos el término “conocer” con el de “saber” e identificamos el “crear” como acción fundamental en las categorías utilizadas en la psicología cognitiva actual. En todo este recorrido situamos el “deseo” como estrategia motivadora y detonante de este particular “modo” de aprender del arte que lleva a la metacognición y la metaemoción, ofreciendo una arquitectura orientativa de un Proyecto Creador.
La pasta de papel como material de creación artística
Authors: Villalba José , Castillo Carmen , Cuervo Alfredo
Published: January 2018

En la creación artística el papel es uno de los materiales más utilizados como soporte por su enorme versatilidad. Por ello, existen infinidad de artistas trabajando con este material en sus variadas configuraciones. En este sentido encontramos obras artísticas que no solo consideran el papel con material de estructura, sino como materia de construcción de la obra con el que crear y combinar multitud de elementos plásticos. Este trabajo es una investigación que presenta de manera sintetizada los procesos y materiales que utilizan artistas que crean sus obras con pastas papeleras. En el corpus central del trabajo mostramos desglosadas, algunas de las múltiples posibilidades y combinaciones expresivas que ofrecen las pastas producidas por artistas. Se describen procesos, herramientas y materiales utilizados en la obtención de las obras. Además se incluyen diversas variantes llevados a cabo por los artistas para optimizar el carácter expresivo. La serie de obras investigadas en este artículo pertenecen a artistas de ámbito internacional como Chuck Close, David Hockney, Bill Weege o Lucio Muñoz.
Motivational Strategies and Student Motivation in an EFL Saudi Context
Authors: Ibrahim Shousha Amal
Published: January 2018

This research is conducted to investigate the perceptions of teachers and students as regards to ten motivational strategies (MSs) proposed by Dornyei & Csizer (1998) for motivating learners. It is an empirical research using quantitative methods to collect data. A structured survey on a large scale of a random sample of female teachers and students was conducted in a university Saudi context. The data collected from the questionnaires is analyzed by SPSS for descriptive statistics. For each strategy, the mean, standard deviation, and mean percentage were calculated to show teachers and students’ perceptions of MSs and to help in raking them. The data for the open-ended questions were revised manually for common themes. The results of the study support the findings of earlier research with a special emphasis on the culturally specific MSs that are specific for of Saudi university students and their teachers. Based on the results, two lists of MSs for teachers and students are produced and inferences are highlighted. The present study also stresses the importance of catering for students’ perceptions in implementing any teaching strategies as both teachers and students’ perceptions differ.
Improving colorectal cancer screening rates using motivational interviewing
Authors: Maloney Alicia Russell , Rugen Kathryn Wirtz
Published: January 2018

Background and objective: Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) through screening is associated with survival rates of more than 90%. Nearly half of American adults are not compliant with recommendations. The purpose of this project is to implement and evaluate an evidenced based protocol utilizing motivational interviewing as an intervention to improve CRC screening rates among a Veteran population.  Methods: The project design includes a single session telephone based motivational interviewing session two weeks after receipt of fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for home screening. A motivational interview roadmap was developed to guide the telephone session.Results: All participants were male and 76% had previously completed a CRC screening test. Fourteen percent (n = 7/50) of participants returned their FIT within 2 weeks. Of the 38 participants eligible for telephone based motivational interview 66% (n = 25) were unreachable by telephone and received one or two voicemail messages that stressed the importance of returning the FIT. Of the motivational interviewing recipients, 62% (n = 8/13) successfully returned their FIT. Conclusions: These results provide beginning evidence for the effectiveness of motivational interviewing to improve CRC screening rates. Issues with system processes and healthcare provider behaviors were identified and recommendations for improvement are provided.
New and noteworthy species of lichens from the Augustów Forest (northeastern Poland)
Authors: Matwiejuk Anna
Published: January 2018

The Augustów Forest is one of the biggest forest complex in Poland. In this paper, 13 rare species of lichens from Augustów Forest are presented. Four of these species are new to Augustów Forest: Bacidina egenula, Lecanora persimilis, Rhizocarpon reductum, Scoliciosporum pruinosum and one species, Rhizocarpon hochstetteri, is new to northeastern Poland. Short notes on their features and distributions are provided.
Pacific Resistance
Authors: Chae Lee-Ann ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: January 2018

It is widely believed that some wars are just, and that the paradigm case of a just war is a defensive war. A familiar strategy used to justify defensive war is to infer its permissibility from the case of self-defensive killing. I show, however, that the permission to defend oneself does not justify killing, but instead calls for nonviolent resistance. I conclude that on the account of self-defense I develop, the appropriate way to respond to a war of aggression is not by prosecuting a defensive war, but by engaging in a form of nonviolence I call pacific resistance.
Tendência da mortalidade masculina, 2002-2012
Authors: Fraga Jeane Cristina Anschau Xavier de Oliveira , Corrêa Áurea Christina de Paula , Guimarães Lenir Vaz , Silva Luanna Arruda e , Mozer Isabele Torquato , Medeiros Renata Marien Knupp
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: analizar la tendencia de la mortalidad masculina en Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, en hombres entre 20 y 59 años, entre 2002 y 2012. Método: estudio ecológico de series temporales. Se calcularon los coeficientes estandarizados de la mortalidad masculina según grupos de causas. Para el análisis de la tendencia de la serie temporal se utilizó el modelo de regresión lineal de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Se observó tendencia de crecimiento para las neoplasias malignas (Tasa de incremento: 3,2% al año e IC95% 0,2 a 6,4) y reducción en las causas externas (Tasa de incremento: -2% al. año e IC95% -2,8 a -1,2). Conclusión: Los coeficientes de mortalidad en esa población todavía son sumamente altos. En este sentido, es importante realzar la necesidad de la articulación entre los servicios, enfocando la prevención de muertes, especialmente las evitables y las que afectan a la población masculina más joven.
Relato de experiência
Authors: Ferreira Maria Verônica Ferrareze , Moreira Bruna Juliana , Brazão Vânia , Fagundes Ricardo José , Fernandes Ana Paula Morais
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: describir la experiencia de las estrategias y acciones para la inserción de las actividades teórico-prácticas en la disciplina de Inmunología para estudiantes de grado en enfermería. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, tipo relato de experiencia, de las actividades desarrolladas con estudiantes de una institución de enseñanza superior pública del estado de São Paulo, en el período comprendido entre agosto y septiembre de 2015. Resultados: hasta 2014 la disciplina de Inmunología adoptaba métodos expositivos para enfocar su contenido. En 2015 se implementó un simulacro de actividades en el plan de estudios del curso, lo cual proporcionó una propuesta pedagógica más dinámica, novedosa y pro-activa, favoreciendo el trabajo en grupo y la participación estudiantil en la construcción de su propio conocimiento. Conclusión: por esta experiencia se concluye que la articulación e integración de contenidos en actividades teórico - prácticas favorecen el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y permiten el fortalecimiento de nuevas posturas metodológicas a utilizar en la práctica cotidiana del plan de estudios para la formación de Enfermería.
Satisfação no trabalho hospitalar de técnicos de enfermagem com formação superior
Authors: Marques Juan Pablo Domingues , Beck Carmem Lúcia Colomé , Silva Rosangela Marion da , Prestes Francine Cassol , Coelho Alexa Pupiara Flores , Vedootto Denise de Oliveira
Published: January 2018

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la satisfacción laboral de los técnicos de enfermería con formación superior. Investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo llevada a cabo con 14 técnicos de enfermería. Los escenarios fueron las unidades de terapia intensiva de un hospital universitario de un municipio del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada individual. Como resultado surgieron dos categorías: "fue un punto de inflexión": satisfacción laboral relacionada con la propia superación después del curso y sentimientos de insatisfacción: frustración y subutilización del conocimiento adquirido. Los trabajadores perciben que asumen una postura más crítica y que tienen una visión más amplia para ejercer sus labores. Sin embargo, ante situaciones donde no pueden intervenir y cuando no se les reconoce la importancia de sus tareas, surgen sentimientos de subutilización y frustración. Se concluye que el curso superior contribuye a la calificación de los cuidados brindados por los enfermeros en el ambiente hospitalario y que genera sentimientos de satisfacción. Sin embargo, habría que repensar, en el ámbito de las instituciones de salud, en los aspectos que incentivan la participación más activa y el reconocimiento de la cualificación profesional.
Opinião de enfermeiros sobre classificação de risco em serviços de urgência
Authors: Duro Carmen Lucia Mottin , Lima Maria Alice Dias da Silva , Weber Luciana Andressa Feil
Published: January 2018

La Clasificación de Riesgo en los servicios de urgencias médicas tiene la finalidad de dar prioridad a la atención de los pacientes según la gravedad de su cuadro clínico. No obstante, existen dificultades respecto al desarrollo de esta tarea por parte de los enfermeros. El estudio apunta a evaluar la opinión de los enfermeros sobre la clasificación de riesgo en los servicios de urgencias. Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, que emplea la técnica Delphi. Fueron realizadas tres rondas de opinión mediante una encuesta disponible en la plataforma electrónica. Las alternativas de respuesta fueron presentadas según la escala Likert y se consideró consenso cuando el porcentaje de las alternativas de respuestas mostró frecuencia mayor o igual al 70%. Para la muestra, fueron seleccionados enfermeros con experiencia profesional y/o investigadores del área. En la primera ronda participaron 130 enfermeros, 89 en la segunda y 65 en la tercera. Los enfermeros expresaron que la clasificación de riesgo organiza el flujo de pacientes y disminuye el tiempo de espera de aquéllos más graves. Ellos utilizan el conocimiento clínico, la experiencia profesional y la capacidad de manejar conflictos. Los enfermeros opinan que la Clasificación de Riesgo no brinda ni acogida ni privacidad al paciente. También consideran que no se ofrece capacitación periódica para el ejercicio de esta actividad. Se concluye que los enfermeros fortalecen su práctica asistencial en la clasificación de riesgo de los pacientes pero que también deberían elaborarse estrategias para superar las dificultades estructurales.
REMOVING THE PILLARS OF LOGISTICS: THE PHYSICAL INTERNET
Authors: CERVERA PAZ ANGEL , LOPEZ MOLINA LUIS , RODRIGUEZ CORNEJO VANESSA
Published: January 2018

The term Physical Internet (PI or ?-I) was born in 2006. Despite more than ten years old, this term is practically unknown and unfrequently used among engineers, economists, computer scientists as well as legislators. In recent years, its usage has increased and the European Union has targeted its implementation by 2050. This article proposes an approach to this emerging new reality, as well as a review of the literature on this topic.

Some prestigious universities around the world, as well as technical research institutes, have realized this potential and are already developing research to develop the basics of the aspects surrounding the so-called logistics of the future. Among them, the Georgia Institute of Technology in the United States, Kühne Logistics University in Germany, Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden or the Technical University of Graz in Austria (currently organizer of the 4th International Physical Internet Congress - 4th IPIC 2017). The European Union's (European Commission) has included PI in the 2020 Horizon programs, and has set the implementation of the PI for the 2050. Europe Commission is funding projects of all areas to investigate this concept.

This article proposes an approach to this new reality that is approaching us, as well as facilitate a review of the literature of this topic, making it familiar among researchers and seeking motivation among other interest groups in the development and evolution of the concept. Finally, we aim to raise awareness of the need for an evolution of the current logistical method, which is one of the great causes of the global dependence on fossil resources and CO2 emissions
La mitigazione: tappe di un itinerario di ricerca
Authors: Caffi Claudia
Published: January 2018

In questo articolo richiamerò i punti salienti del modello linguistico pragmatico integrato che ruota intorno al concetto multilivellare e multidimensionale di «mitigazione» (Caffi 2001, 2007) focalizzando l’attenzione su alcuni aspetti che sono stati lasciati in ombra o che, pur ribaditi in diverse sedi, non sono stati sufficientemente intesi, e aggiornandoli alla luce delle mie ricerche più recenti. Di un lungo percorso, con diverse digressioni e ritorni, riassumerò in forma distillata alcune tappe fondamentali per accennare infine ad alcune prossime tappe. Più specificatamente, il presente contributo si articola in tre parti che hanno i seguenti scopi: richiamare alcune definizioni, punti chiave e sfondi teorici alla base del mio modello. Con un’operazione selettiva molto drastica, metterò in risalto i concetti che ritengo fondamentali;richiamare il criterio euristico alla base delle tipologie formali e funzionali proposte in Caffi (2001, 2007); accennare all’estensione delle applicazioni del modello, in diamesia e diafasia, a un genere particolare di testo scritto, il testo scientifico di ricerca biomedica.
Signals of intensification and attenuation in orchestra and choir conduction
Authors: Poggi Isabella
Published: January 2018

Based on a model of communication according to which not only words but also body signals constitute lexicons (Poggi, 2007), the study presented aimes at building a lexicon of conductors’ multimodal behaviours requesting intensification and attenuation of sound intensity. In a corpus of concerts and rehearsals, the conductors’ body signals requesting to play or sing forte, piano, crescendo, diminuendo were analysed through an annotation scheme describing the body signals, their meanings, and their semiotic devices: generic codified (the same as in everyday language); specific codified (shared with laypeople but with specific meanings in conduction); direct iconic, (resemblance between visual and acoustic modality); indirect iconic, (evoking the technical movement by connected movements or emotion expressions). The work outlines a lexicon of the conductors’ signals that in gesture, head, face, gaze, posture, body convey attenuation and intensification in music.
Quando a reformulação é uma remodalização com efeito de atenuação
Authors: Topa Valentim Helena
Published: January 2018

De um ponto de vista funcional a reformulação é metadiscursiva (Briz, 1998). O controle metadiscursivo sobre a produção do sentido implica, por parte do locutor, um comportamento cooperativo motivado pelo desejo de esclarecer possíveis equívocos e de superar obstáculos comunicacionais, pelo que se compreende que, muitas vezes, possa resultar num efeito de atenuação. Além da dimensão discursiva, a reformulação tem também um estatuto semântico. Na atividade de enunciar a reformulação opera no âmbito de uma relação de pertinência entre “o dizer” e “o querer dizer”. Este artigo enquadra-se teoricamente na teoria de operações predicativas e enunciativas (TOPE), segundo a qual enunciar é, antes de mais, um processo que se reconstrói a partir do enunciado enquanto encadeamento de formas; ou seja, é o produto de operações de determinação de diferentes ordens que intervêm na construção do enunciado. Também de acordo com este modelo, a modalização de qualquer enunciado constitui uma dessas ordens de determinação do enunciado. São as operações de modalização que determinam a relação predicativa no que respeita ao grau e à forma como o sujeito enunciador o valida. O estudo da modalização inclui o fenómeno da remodalização, que consiste na “passagem de um valor modal a outro valor modal diferente, incidindo duas ou mais operações de modalização sobre a mesma relação predicativa. A segunda operação desconstrói o valor construído pela primeira.” (Campos, 1997: 158) Partindo da observação de ocorrências de construções de reformulação em que se dá uma remodalização com um efeito discursivo de atenuação, proceder-se-á à descrição formal das operações subjacentes a estes fenómenos, procurando mostrar que estamos perante fenómenos que atestam diferentes níveis do funcionamento da linguagem aqui paradigmaticamente evidenciando uma relação de interdependência teórica. Deste modo, é possível descrever certos casos de atenuação enquanto construção de um segundo valor modal, situado numa escala de valores assertivos e numa relação com um primeiro valor modal, desta feita reformulado. Por conseguinte, mais do que se sobreporem, os fenómenos de reformulação, remodalização e atenuação estão numa relação de interdependência, comprometendo inclusive as fronteiras que ditam os domínios tradicionais do funcionamento da linguagem: o discursivo, o pragmático, o gramatical.
El discurso interpersonal en la guía turística en español y alemán y su importancia para la traducción
Authors: Suau Jiménez Francisca , Labarta Postigo María
Published: January 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio contrastivo del discurso interpersonal del turismo a través de sus marcadores en el género “Guía Turística”, y las implicaciones para la traducción español-alemán. Para ello se analiza un corpus piloto de 24.000 palabras que contiene tres bloques: textos en alemán y español como lengua original, y textos en alemán como lengua traducida. A partir del análisis contrastivo de cómo actúa la función interpersonal y los marcadores en ambas lenguas, en este género y en el área del turismo (Hyland 2005, Suau Jiménez, 2012), estudiamos si esta función se ha tenido en cuenta en la traducción al alemán, con objeto de evaluar si cumple con el principio de una traducción pragmática o de calidad (Nord 2007, Durán Muñoz 2012). Los resultados permiten constatar que ambas lenguas originales, español y alemán, presentan diferencias relevantes en cómo materializan el discurso interpersonal y la cantidad y calidad de sus marcadores. Sin embargo, el alemán como lengua traducida reproduce los marcadores del español y no tiene en cuenta la lengua meta y su correspondiente discurso interpersonal. Este uso interpersonal deficiente nos lleva a concluir que puede haber existido deterioro en la expresión de la persuasión, esencial en este género, el cual podría, como consecuencia, no cumplir bien su función promocional.
Spanish and English
contact and morpheme
acquisition
Authors: Smith Daniel
Published: January 2018

Regarding
the order of morpheme acquisition in both first language (L1) and
second language (L2) acquisiton there appears to be a so-called
'natural order' of acquisition.  In addition, there are peculiarities
which are part of the morphosyntax of any language influencing the
order of morpheme acquisition in L2, whether it be from the L1, or as
in the case of simultaneous bilinguals, another L1.  We use
Myers-Scotton's (2002) 4-M model to help us analyze and discuss the
data. The analysis shows a tendency for speakers to acquire language
morphology in a natural order, regardless of the L1, but with special
reference to Spanish and English we show that the two languages can
influence each other and make changes in the order of
acquisition.
Individual determinants of social foraging tactic use when resources are defendable: An experiment with zebra finches
Authors: Tej Gabriel , Dubois Frédérique
Published: January 2018

In a social foraging context where individuals can search either for food (i.e. produce) or for opportunities to join (i.e. scrounge), bold individuals, generally, tend to produce more than shy individuals. Yet, the underlying cause of this link remains poorly understood. In particular, bold individuals might rely more on the producer tactic because they have less chance to detect joining opportunities compared to shy individuals or because they prefer more risky and uncertain behavioural tactics. To assess the importance of both mechanisms, we conducted a laboratory experiment with zebra finches (Taenyopigia guttata) that were observed while searching for defendable food patches using either the producer or the scrounger tactic, when their arrival order on the grid was either free or imposed by the experimenter. As anticipated, we detected a strong effect of neophobia on producer-scrounger tactic use, but contrary to most previous experiments in which food patches were not defendable, shy individuals, in the present study, relied more on the producer tactic. In addition, we found that arrival order had no significant effect on foraging tactic use in bold and shy individuals. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that producer-scrounger tactic use would not be determined by the ability of individuals to detect scrounging opportunities, but rather by their tolerance to uncertainty and risk. Furthermore, our findings have important evolutionary implications as they suggest that temporal and/or spatial heterogeneity in resource distribution, through influencing the success of each behavioural type, would contribute in maintaining personality differences within populations.
Genomic signal processing for DNA sequence clustering
Authors: Mendizabal-Ruiz Gerardo , Román-Godínez Israel , Torres-Ramos Sulema , Salido-Ruiz Ricardo A. , Vélez-Pérez Hugo , Morales J. Alejandro
Published: January 2018

Genomic signal processing (GSP) methods which convert DNA data to numerical values have recently been proposed, which would offer the opportunity of employing existing digital signal processing methods for genomic data. One of the most used methods for exploring data is cluster analysis which refers to the unsupervised classification of patterns in data. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for performing cluster analysis of DNA sequences that is based on the use of GSP methods and the K-means algorithm. We also propose a visualization method that facilitates the easy inspection and analysis of the results and possible hidden behaviors. Our results support the feasibility of employing the proposed method to find and easily visualize interesting features of sets of DNA data.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Turbulence, Radiation, and Combustion Models for Natural Gas Combustion Burner
Authors: Pang Yik Siang , Law Woon Phui , Pung Kang Qin , Gimbun Jolius
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study of a natural gas combustion burner focusing on the effect of combustion, thermal radiation and turbulence models on the temperature and chemical species concentration fields. The combustion was modelled using the finite rate/eddy dissipation (FR/EDM) and partially premixed flame models. Detailed chemistry kinetics CHEMKIN GRI-MECH 3.0 consisting of 325 reactions was employed to model the methane combustion. Discrete ordinates (DO) and spherical harmonics (P1) model were employed to predict the thermal radiation. The gas absorption coefficient dependence on the wavelength is resolved by the weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model (WSGGM). Turbulence flow was simulated using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) based models. The findings showed that a combination of partially premixed flame, P1 and standard k-ε (SKE) gave the most accurate prediction with an average deviation of around 7.8% of combustion temperature and 15.5% for reactant composition (methane and oxygen). The results show the multi-step chemistry in the partially premixed model is more accurate than the two-step FR/EDM. Meanwhile, inclusion of thermal radiation has a minor effect on the heat transfer and species concentration. SKE turbulence model yielded better prediction compared to the realizable k-ε (RKE) and renormalized k-ε (RNG). The CFD simulation presented in this work may serve as a useful tool to evaluate a performance of a natural gas combustor.
Lignin-containing Feedstock Hydrogenolysis for Biofuel Component Production
Authors: Shimanskaya Elena , Stepacheva Аntonina A. , Sulman Esther , Rebrov Evgeny , Matveeva Valentina
Published: January 2018

In this paper, the commercial 5%Pd/C and 5%Pt/C catalysts and synthesized 5%Pt/MN-270 and 5%Pd/MN-270 were used in the hydrogenolysis of lignocellulosic material (softwood sawdust) to obtain liquid fuels in the form of hydrocarbons. As lignin has a very complex structure, anisole was used as a model compound. It was found that the use Pt-containing catalysts based on hypercrosslinked polystyrene in both processes of anisole and lignin-containing feedstock conversion allowed obtaining the highest yield of oxygen-free hydrocarbons (up to 96 wt. %). Besides, the polymer based catalysts showed high stability in hydrogenolysis process in comparison with the commercial carbon based catalysts.
Quantifying and Comparing Effects of Climate Engineering Methods on the Earth System
Authors: Sonntag Sebastian , Ferrer González Miriam , Ilyina Tatiana , Kracher Daniela , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Niemeier Ulrike , Pongratz Julia , Reick Christian H. , Schmidt Hauke
Published: January 2018

To contribute to a quantitative comparison of climate engineering (CE) methods, we assess atmosphere‐, ocean‐, and land‐based CE measures with respect to Earth system effects consistently within one comprehensive model. We use the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM) with prognostic carbon cycle to compare solar radiation management (SRM) by stratospheric sulfur injection and two carbon dioxide removal methods: afforestation and ocean alkalinization. The CE model experiments are designed to offset the effect of fossil‐fuel burning on global mean surface air temperature under the RCP8.5 scenario to follow or get closer to the RCP4.5 scenario. Our results show the importance of feedbacks in the CE effects. For example, as a response to SRM the land carbon uptake is enhanced by 92 Gt by the year 2100 compared to the reference RCP8.5 scenario due to reduced soil respiration thus reducing atmospheric CO2. Furthermore, we show that normalizations allow for a better comparability of different CE methods. For example, we find that due to compensating processes such as biogeophysical effects of afforestation more carbon needs to be removed from the atmosphere by afforestation than by alkalinization to reach the same global warming reduction. Overall, we illustrate how different CE methods affect the components of the Earth system; we identify challenges arising in a CE comparison, and thereby contribute to developing a framework for a comparative assessment of CE.
Recent Synchronous Declines in DIN:TP in Swedish Lakes
Authors: Isles Peter D. F. , Creed Irena F. , Bergström Ann‐Kristin
Published: January 2018

Declining atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in northern Europe and parts of North America, coupled with ongoing changes in climate, has the potential to alter the nutrient limitation status of freshwater ecosystems. In this study we compared time series data of atmospheric N deposition, air temperature, and precipitation with corresponding estimates of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), total phosphorus (TP), DIN:TP, and total organic carbon from 78 headwater streams and 95 nutrient‐poor lakes in Sweden from 1998 to 2013 to assess trends in, and potential drivers of, lake N:P ratios. We found that trends in nutrients were variable at the scale of individual lakes but were highly synchronous at the regional scale, suggesting underlying control by broad‐scale environmental drivers mediated by site‐specific characteristics. Widespread declines in lake DIN throughout Sweden were correlated with declines in atmospheric N deposition, particularly in northern areas. TP did not have strong directional trends, but interannual variability was synchronous at regional scales, implying that broad‐scale climate drivers were affecting these trends. Overall, we observed a significant decline in DIN:TP throughout Sweden over the monitoring period. At the beginning of the study period, 32% of lakes were N limited and 45% colimited by N and P. Proportions increased to 63% of lakes N limited and 20% colimited by N and P at the end of the study period. These results suggest that N limitation is likely to become more widespread in subarctic and boreal areas of Europe in the future if recent trends continue.
AuPd−Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts for Highly Selective, One‐Pot Cascade Nitro‐Reduction and Reductive Amination
Authors: Cho Ahra , Byun Sangmoon , Kim B. Moon
Published: January 2018

Exceedingly chemoselective preparation of secondary amines from the cascade reaction of nitro reduction followed by reductive amination of the resulting amine with an aldehyde through the use of bimetallic AuPd alloy nanoparticle catalyst is described. We prepared a AuPd alloy nanocatalyst supported on Fe3O4 in gram scale without calcination. One pot synthesis of a number of secondary amines was achieved from a variety of nitroarenes and aryl or alkyl aldehydes under 1 atm of H2 at room temperature. No N‐debenzylation was observed in the case of the reactions involving aryl aldehydes, which is often observed in the reductive amination catalysed by a transition metal catalyst such as palladium. We also accomplished efficient one‐pot synthesis of a number of N‐aryl substituted isoindolinone derivatives from 1‐formylbenzoic acid and several nitroarenes using the same reaction conditions. Furthermore, thanks to the magnetic property of the Fe3O4 support, the AuPd−Fe3O4 NPs could be easily separated and reused up to 20 times without the loss of its catalytic activity.

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Effect of Vascepa (icosapent ethyl) on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with elevated triglycerides (200–499 mg/dL) on statin therapy: Rationale and design of the EVAPORATE study
Authors: Budoff Matthew , Brent Muhlestein J. , Le Viet T. , May Heidi T. , Roy Sion , Nelson John R.
Published: January 2018

Despite reducing progression and promoting regression of coronary atherosclerosis, statin therapy does not fully address residual cardiovascular (CV) risk. High‐purity eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) added to a statin has been shown to reduce CV events and induce regression of coronary atherosclerosis in imaging studies; however, data are from Japanese populations without high triglyceride (TG) levels and baseline EPA serum levels greater than those in North American populations. Icosapent ethyl is a high‐purity prescription EPA ethyl ester approved at 4 g/d as an adjunct to diet to reduce TG levels in adults with TG levels >499 mg/dL. The objective of the randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled EVAPORATE study is to evaluate the effects of icosapent ethyl 4 g/d on atherosclerotic plaque in a North American population of statin‐treated patients with coronary atherosclerosis, TG levels of 200 to 499 mg/dL, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of 40 to 115 mg/dL. The primary endpoint is change in low‐attenuation plaque volume measured by multidetector computed tomography angiography. Secondary endpoints include incident plaque rates; quantitative changes in different plaque types and morphology; changes in markers of inflammation, lipids, and lipoproteins; and the relationship between these changes and plaque burden and/or plaque vulnerability. Approximately 80 patients will be followed for 9 to 18 months. The clinical implications of icosapent ethyl 4 g/d treatment added to statin therapy on CV endpoints are being evaluated in the large CV outcomes study REDUCE‐IT. EVAPORATE will provide important imaging‐derived data that may add relevance to the clinically derived outcomes from REDUCE‐IT.
Comparative evaluation of five protocols for protein extraction from stony corals (Scleractinia) for proteomics
Authors: Cheng Huamin , Zhao Hongwei , Yang Tinghan , Ruan Sunlan , Wang Haihua , Xiang Nan , Zhou Hailong , Li Qing X. , Diao Xiaoping
Published: January 2018

Corals especially the reef‐building species are very important to marine ecosystems. Proteomics has been used for researches on coral diseases, bleaching and responses to the environment change. A robust and versatile protein extraction protocol is required for coral proteomics. However, a comparative evaluation of different protein extraction protocols is still not available for proteomic analysis of stony corals. In the present study, five protocols were compared for protein extraction from stony corals. The five protocols were TRIzol, phenol‐based extraction (PBE), trichloroacetic acid (TCA)‐acetone, glass bead‐assisted extraction (GBAE) and a commercially available kit. PBE, TRIzol and the commercial kit were more robust for extracting proteins from stony corals. The protein extraction efficiency and repeatability, two dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) were employed to evaluate the protocols. The results indicated that PBE protocol had the better protein extraction efficiency than the others. Protein extraction coverage varied among the procedures. Each protocol favored for certain proteins. Therefore, it is very important for coral proteomic analysis to select a suitable protein protocol upon the experimental design. In general, PBE protocol can be the first choice for extracting proteins from stony corals.
Reusing Uppsala lens in cross‐border M&As of emerging markets
Authors: Popli Manish , de Lemos Francisco Figueira
Published: January 2018

Risk can be assessed and managed by acquirers from emerging markets in their international acquisitions by evoking the role of commitment as outlined in the original Uppsala model. It is proposed that commitment may be maneuvered depending on the motive, industry context, and the prior experience of the acquirer from incountry joint‐ventures for incumbent firms.
How do institutional logics evolve over the merger process? A case in the public–private urban planning sector
Authors: Thelisson Anne Sophie , Géraudel Mickaël , Missonier Audrey
Published: January 2018

Facilitating the postmerger integration process between organizations requires that they combine opposite institutional logics through the creation of a new authority, identity, and legitimacy. We underline that the implementation of strategic change during the merger process was fostered by the ability of the actors to combine institutional logics through three concrete practices: redefining the authority, identity, and legitimacy of the new organization. Managerial recommendations from the institutional logics perspective are provided to facilitate the postmerger integration process.
Intraregional model for end‐stage liver disease score variation in liver transplantation: Disparity in our own backyard
Authors: Croome Kristopher P. , Lee David D. , Burns Justin M. , Keaveny Andrew P. , Taner C. Burcin
Published: January 2018

Variation in average Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score at liver transplantation (LT) by United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) regions is well documented. The present study aimed to investigate MELD variation at the interregional, intraregional, and intra–donation service area (DSA) levels. Patients undergoing LT between 2015 and 2016 were obtained from the UNOS standard analysis and research file. The distribution of allocation MELD score including median, skew, and kurtosis was examined for all transplant programs. Intraregional median allocation MELD varied significantly within all 11 UNOS regions. The largest variation between programs was seen in region 5 (MELD 24.0 versus 38.5) and region 3 (MELD 20.5 versus 32.0). Regions 1, 5, and 9 had the largest proportion of programs with a highly negative skewed MELD score (50%, 57%, and 57%, respectively), whereas regions 3, 6, 10, and 11 did not have any programs with a highly negative skew. MELD score distribution was also examined in programs located in the same DSA, where no barriers exist and theoretically no significant difference in allocation should be observed. The largest DSA variation in median allocation MELD score was seen in NYRT‐OP1 LiveOnNY (MELD score variation 11), AZOB‐OP1 Donor Network of Arizona (MELD score variation 11), MAOB‐OP1 New England Organ Bank (MELD score variation 9), and TXGC‐OP1 LifeGift Organ Donation Ctr (MELD score variation 9). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that this MELD disparity is not only present at the interregional level but can be seen within regions and even within DSAs between programs located as close as several city blocks away. Although organ availability likely accounts for a component of this disparity, the present study suggests that transplant center behavior may also play a significant role. Liver Transplantation 24 488–496 2018 AASLD.
Dystrophinopathy muscle biopsies in the genetic testing ERA: One center's data
Authors: Carlson Courtney R. , Moore Steven A. , Mathews Katherine D.
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Comprehensive genetic testing for dystrophinopathy can detect ∼95% of pathogenic variants in the dystrophin gene (DMD) and is often the preferred diagnostic approach. Methods: We reviewed pathology reports for muscle biopsies evaluated at the University of Iowa with a pathological diagnosis of dystrophinopathy based on dystrophic histopathology and abnormal immunofluorescence staining: reduced to absent dystrophin, expression of utrophin, and loss of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Results: The percentage of muscle biopsies with dystrophinopathy has been stable since 1997. Among 2,298 biopsies evaluated between 2011 and 2016, 72 (3.1%) had pathologic features of dystrophinopathy. Median age at biopsy was 8 years (range, 0.66–84). Half had undergone DMD genetic testing prior to biopsy. Clinical phenotypes recorded on requisitions were typical of muscular dystrophy for 57 (79%) biopsies. Discussion: Muscle biopsy continues to play an important role in the diagnosis of dystrophinopathy, particularly in patients with later symptom onset, comorbidities, or normal DMD genetic testing results. Muscle Nerve 58: 148–152, 2018
Optical Properties of Cubic GaN Quantum Dots Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Blumenthal Sarah , Reuter Dirk , As Donat J.
Published: January 2018

We have investigated the optical properties of self‐assembled cubic GaN quantum dots (QDs) in a cubic AlN matrix grown in Stranski–Krastanov growth mode. Two different sample series are fabricated and optically characterized by photoluminescence measurements. Additionally, the experimental results are compared to theoretical calculations. Sample series A consists of one single QD layer with varying GaN amount. A red shift of emission energy of 140 meV is observed with increasing GaN deposition time. Simulations verify this behavior and can be explained by a decrease of the QD height. Sample series B has two layers of QDs on top of each other with different QD deposition amounts of three and six monolayers, respectively. The spacer layer thickness between the QD layers is 2 and 20 nm. A decreased emission intensity of the smaller QDs is measured for QD layers with smaller spacer layer thickness. This observation is a first hint of an electronic coupling between the two QD layers with thin spacer layer thickness resulting in tunneling of carriers from the smaller QDs to the larger QDs. Theoretical calculations further show that a strain induced structural coupling induces a vertical alignment of the QDs.