bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Water Quality Status of Chandrabhaga River at Rishikesh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Kulshrestha Shail
Published: April 2021

In the background of the ambitious ‘National Mission for Clean Ganga’ to clean, conserve and protect the River Ganga in a comprehensive manner, this study was undertaken to evaluate the status of Water Quality of Chandrabhaga river at Rishikesh, district Dehradun, India, between the Dhalwala bridge area and Mayakund area where it merges with the river Ganga, affecting adversely its water quality. The characteristics of Chandrabhaga river water were assessed during July to September 2017 by monitoring the water quality at most garbeged and contaminated five locations by determining physicochemical and biological parameters and metal ions. The observed values of dissolved oxygen (DO) varied from 0.4 to 1.29 mg/L, such a low DO, high biological oxygen demand (BOD, 21 ± 2.64 to 56 ±6.08 mg/L) and much high Coliform (1760 ±13.23 to3180 ±27.61 MPN/ 100 ml) at all the locations reflects the poor water quality of Chandrabhaga River. Recorded values of total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), alkalinity, phosphate, sodium, potassium and calcium exceeded the WHO standards. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed the highly positive correlations all the time between EC and TDS, TH and TDS, TH and EC, while during high flow period good correlations were recorded between alkalinity and pH, TDS, EC and TH. Irrigation water quality parameters such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) and Kelly’s Ratio was evaluated to test the suitability of river water for irrigation purpose.
BNCC E SEMIÓTICA: UM DIÁLOGO MAIS QUE NECESSÁRIO
Authors: Malfacini Ana Cristina Dos Santos
Published: April 2021

Em um contexto de pandemia, de crise econômica, de expansão do uso da tecnologia na preparação e na condução de aulas remotas e de implementação de novos documentos oficiais de orientação pedagógica no Brasil (com a instituição de ajustes curriculares sugeridos pela Base Nacional Curricular Comum – BNCC), muitos professores, sobretudo da área de Linguagens, sentiram-se perdidos. A proposta desse artigo é trazer à baila as reais diretrizes dos documentos oficiais, ressaltando como os gêneros (BAKHTIN, 1992[2003]) podem e devem ser usados como fonte fundamental das aulas de língua materna. Ainda que tantos outros trabalhos já tenham discutido essa orientação, chamamos atenção para um alerta importante: a questão não é eleger uma nomenclatura terminológica sobre gêneros para serem “decoradas” pelos educandos, mas sim elaborar uma análise multissemiótica (SIMÕES, 2009; ROJO; MOURA, 2012) de qualidade com os leitores em formação, sobretudo com o amparo da Teoria da Iconicidade Verbal – TIV (SIMÕES, 2009). Paradoxalmente, é recorrente a queixa que ouvimos de muitos professores em formação, reclamando que sabem muito pouco ou até que nunca estudaram Semiótica. Este trabalho, então, propõe-se, ainda uma vez, tentar sinalizar esse contrassenso. Afinal, como pode a BNCC propagar a necessidade de uma análise linguístico-semiótica dos textos, se boa parte dos professores sequer sabe como fazê-lo?
ANTONOMÁSIA: DEFINIÇÕES E CRÍTICA
Authors: Martins Ana Lúcia M. R. Poltronieri
Published: April 2021

Objetiva-se, neste trabalho, refletir sobre a natureza do termo “antonomásia”, analisando criticamente a sua definição em diferentes áreas, tais como a retórica, a estilística, os estudos gramaticais e os dicionários.
Building up rehabilitation services as we wait to hold patients' hands again
Authors: Drake Nicola
Published: April 2021

Nicola Drake reflects on her team's achievements in using technology to build up their cardiac rehabilitation services to provide safe and effective care, while staff await the day they can once again hold patients' hands.
Avalanche photodetectors with photon trapping structures for biomedical imaging applications
Authors: Bartolo-Perez Cesar , Chandiparsi Soroush , Mayet Ahmed S. , Cansizoglu Hilal , Gao Yang , Qarony Wayesh , AhAmed Ahasan , Wang Shih-Yuan , Cherry Simon R. , Saif Islam M. , Ariño-Estrada Gerard
Published: April 2021

Enhancing photon detection efficiency and time resolution in photodetectors in the entire visible range is critical to improve the image quality of time-of-flight (TOF)-based imaging systems and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). In this work, we evaluate the gain, detection efficiency, and timing performance of avalanche photodiodes (APD) with photon trapping nanostructures for photons with 450 nm and 850 nm wavelengths. At 850 nm wavelength, our photon trapping avalanche photodiodes showed 30 times higher gain, an increase from 16% to >60% enhanced absorption efficiency, and a 50% reduction in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) pulse response time close to the breakdown voltage. At 450 nm wavelength, the external quantum efficiency increased from 54% to 82%, while the gain was enhanced more than 20-fold. Therefore, silicon APDs with photon trapping structures exhibited a dramatic increase in absorption compared to control devices. Results suggest very thin devices with fast timing properties and high absorption between the near-ultraviolet and the near infrared region can be manufactured for high-speed applications in biomedical imaging. This study paves the way towards obtaining single photon detectors with photon trapping structures with gains above 106 for the entire visible range.
Hybrid optimization algorithm based on neural networks and its application in wavefront shaping
Authors: Liu Kaige , Zhang Hengkang , Zhang Bin , Liu Qiang
Published: April 2021

The scattering effect of turbid media can lead to optical wavefront distortion. Focusing light through turbid media can be achieved using wavefront shaping techniques. Intelligent optimization algorithms and neural network algorithms are two powerful types of algorithms in the field of wavefront shaping but have their advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid algorithm that combines the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and single-layer neural network (SLNN) to achieve the complementary advantages of both. A small number of training sets are used to train the SLNN to obtain preliminary focusing results, after which the PSO continues to optimize to the global optimum. The hybrid algorithm achieves faster convergence and higher enhancement than the PSO, while reducing the size of training samples required for SLNN training. SLNN trained with 1700 training sets can speed up the convergence of the PSO by about 50% and boost the final enhancement by about 24%. This hybrid algorithm will be of great significance in fields such as biomedicine and particle manipulation.
Experimental determination of nanocomposite grating structures by light- and neutron-diffraction in the multi-wave-coupling regime
Authors: Fally Martin , Tomita Yasuo , Fimia Antonio , Madrigal Roque F. , Guo Jinxin , Kohlbrecher Joachim , Klepp Jürgen
Published: April 2021

We experimentally demonstrate how to accurately retrieve the refractive index profile of photonic structures by standard diffraction experiments and use of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis in the multi-wave coupling regime, without the need for taking any auxiliary data. In particular, we show how the phases of the Fourier components of a periodic structure can be fully recovered by deliberately choosing a probe wavelength of the diffracting radiation much smaller than the lattice constant of the structure. In the course of our demonstration, we accurately determine the slight asymmetry of the structure of nanocomposite phase gratings by light and neutron diffraction measurements.
Scattering of partially coherent vortex beams by a $\mathcal {PT}$-symmetric dipole
Authors: Pires D. G. , Litchinitser N. M. , Brandão P. A.
Published: April 2021

We investigated the statistical properties of partially coherent optical vortex beams scattered by a

dipole, consisting of a pair of point particles having balanced gain and loss. The formalism of second-order classical coherence theory is adopted, together with the first Born approximation, to obtain the cross-spectral density of the scattered field. It is shown that the radiated pattern depends strongly on the coherence properties of the incident beam and on the non-Hermitian properties of the dipole. The spectral density for the scattered radiation is ruled by two terms, one associated to the vortex structure and the other independent of the topological charge, and the competition between these terms dictates the directional properties of the scattered radiation. When they have same order of magnitude, the scattered profile resembles that of an incoherent system, with radiation being emitted in all directions in the three-dimensional space, regardless of the dipole’s gain and loss properties. Depending on the gain and loss present in the dipole, the system may scatter light in some preferable directions. All of these effects are accompanied by a change in the spectral degree of coherence of the scattered field.
Celebrating ten years: editorial
Authors: Boltasseva Alexandra , Hagan David
Published: April 2021

Current Editor-in-Chief Alexandra Boltasseva and inaugural Editor-in-Chief David Hagan look back over the decade and celebrate the tenth anniversary of Optical Materials Express.
Nature of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) fields in a multilayered fiber
Authors: Bhandari Ramesh
Published: April 2021

We provide a theoretical analysis of the nature of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) modal fields in a multilayered fiber, such as the step-index fiber and the ring-core fiber. In a detailed study of the vector field solutions of the step-index fiber (in the exponential basis), we discover that the polarization-induced field component is a modified scalar OAM field (as opposed to a standard OAM scalar field) with a shifted intensity pattern in the weakly guiding approximation (WGA); the familiar intensity donut pattern is reduced or increased in radius depending upon whether it is a case of spin-alignment or anti-alignment with the OAM. Such a shift in the intensity pattern appears to be a general feature of the field of a multilayered fiber as seen from an extension to the ring-core fiber. Additionally, we derive a general expression for the polarization-correction to the scalar propagation constant, which includes, for the first time, the contribution of the polarization-induced field. All the analytic expressions are illustrated and validated numerically with application to a step-index fiber, whose analytic solutions are well-known.
Manoeuvring a natural scatterer system in random lasing action and a demonstration of speckle free imaging
Authors: Dey Arindam , Pramanik Ashim , Kumbhakar Partha , Biswas Subrata , Pal Sudip Kumar , Ghosh Sujit Kumar , Kumbhakar Pathik
Published: April 2021

This report dominantly focused on employment of natural micro-pillars, embedded on the surface of bambusa tulda leaves, as scattering centres for achieving a single mode random laser (RL) at ∼582 nm with a lower line width (∼1.8 nm) and lasing threshold (132 W/cm2) in Rhodamine-B dye gain medium. The stability in performances is checked over 2 months of duration and scattering activities of the natural micro-pillars are confirmed via numerical simulation using COMSOL and power Fourier transform (PFT) analyses. The demonstration of speckle-free imaging established the low coherence of the RL light. The plant-extricated, handy, low-cost, and simple RL system is proposed to be a new platform having diverse future photonic applications.
Embedding LiDAR and smart laser headlight in a compact module for autonomous driving
Authors: Donati Silvano , Cheng Wood-Hi , Liu Chun-Nien , Shih Hsing-Kun , Pei Zingway
Published: April 2021

A headlight module embedding smart laser headlights and a LiDAR is presented. The headlights include blue lasers for the high beam, and blue LEDs for the low beam, each with a high efficiency glass phosphor-converter we have fabricated. The LiDAR is an indirect-mode time-of-flight 905-nm rangefinder. We used two Nichia GaN lasers emitting a total 9.5-W optical power at 445-nm for the high-beam headlight, and five OSRAM GaN LED emitting a total 12-W at 445-nm for the low-beam headlight. The yellow-converter phosphor is a glass-based Ce3+: YAG slab, 100-mm dia. and 0.2-mm thick, that we have fabricated at 750°C temperature, obtaining a high thermal stability, a high conversion efficiency, and a good color rendering index. A digital micromirror device (DMD) placed in the focus of the parabolic reflector is used to switch off sectors of the high-beam when crossing other vehicles. The 2D image of a CCD camera and the LiDAR data are fed to an image processing unit based on CNN that classifies the targets. The headlight module has a >85% detection accuracy of a pedestrian up to 20 m distance.
Cybersecurity in outsourcing and cloud computing: a growing challenge for contract drafting
Authors: Bomhard David , Daum Andreas
Published: April 2021

With increasing regulation of IT security, the relevance of contract drafting also increases. Outsourcing and cloud contracts must strike the right balance between customer-specific IT security requirements and established service provider standards.
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and its associated factors among primary school students in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Assemie Moges Agazhe , Shitu Getahun Daniel , Hune Yidersail , Petrucka Pammla , Abebe Ayele Mamo , Telayneh Animut Takele , Ambaw Mekdes Marew , Ketema Daniel Bekele , Getaneh Temesgen , Mengist Belayneh , Alene Muluneh , Habtegiorgis Samuel Derbie
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Intestinal parasitic infection are a major public health concern affecting both children and adolescents in Ethiopia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine pooled prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infection in this target group.

Method

We systematically retrieved available articles on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection following database searches using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct between March 1 and May 27, 2020. Two authors independently extracted all relevant data using a standardized Microsoft Excel data extraction form. Heterogeneity among included studies was assessed with the Higgins I2 tests. The pooled estimates and associated factors were assessed with a random-effects model using Stata/se Version 14.

Result

We retrieved 30 eligible articles with a pooled sample size of 14,445 primary school children with response rate of 97.8%. Entamoeba spp (16.11%), Ascaris lumbricoides (13.98%), hookworm (12.51%) and Giardia lamblia (9.98%) are the top causes of intestinal parasitic infection among primary school children in Ethiopia. The pooled prevalence for at least one intestinal parasitic infection was 46.09 (95% CI: 38.50, 53.68). Heterogeneity was assessed by doing subgroup analysis by study province/region. Thus, the highest prevalence of 66.6% (95% CI: 55.5, 77.7) occurred in Tigray region, which was followed by Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region at 50.8% (95% CI: 33.1, 68.5). No latrine availability (OR = 4.39: 2.50,7.73), no fingernail hygiene (OR = 2.37: 1.67, 3.35), open defecation (OR = 1.67:1.64,4.36), no formal maternal education (OR = 2.02: 1.18,3.47), rural residence (OR = 1.88: 1.46, 2.41), no habit of wearing shoes (OR = 2.66: 1.79, 3.96), non-pipe source of drinking water (OR = 1.99: 1.42,2.76), no regular hand washing practices (OR = 3.45:1.85,6.47), and no habit of washing fruits and vegetables (OR = 1.59:1.01,2.49) were associated with parasitic infection.

Conclusions

The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was high (46%). Attention should be given to promoting personal hygiene, latrine utilization, wearing shoes, avoiding eating raw food, creating awareness for those mothers who lack formal education. Moreover, future research ideally will expand on the topic by conducting research in regions which have no prior research.
Non-nutritive suck and voice onset time: Examining infant oromotor coordination
Authors: Heller Murray Elizabeth , Lewis Joanna , Zimmerman Emily
Published: April 2021

The variability of a child’s voice onset time (VOT) decreases during development as they learn to coordinate upper vocal tract and laryngeal articulatory gestures. Yet, little is known about the relationship between VOT and other early motor tasks. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between infant vocalization and another early oromotor task, non-nutritive suck (NNS). Twenty-five full-term infants (11 male, 14 female) completed this study. NNS was measured with a customized pacifier at 3 months to evaluate this early reflex. Measures of mean VOT and variability of VOT (measured via coefficient of variation) were collected from 12-month-old infants using a Language Environmental Analysis device. Variability of VOTs at 12 months was significantly related to NNS measures at 3-months. Increased VOT variability was primarily driven by increased NNS intraburst frequency and increased NNS burst duration. There were no relationships between average VOT or range of VOT and NNS measures. Findings from this pilot study indicate a relationship between NNS measures of intraburst frequency and burst duration and VOT variability. Infants with increased NNS intraburst frequency and NNS burst duration had increased VOT variability, suggesting a relationship between the development of VOT and NNS in the first year of life. Future work is needed to continue to examine the relationship between these early oromotor actions and to evaluate how this may impact later speech development.
Genistein as a dietary supplement; formulation, analysis and pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Mamagkaki Alexandra , Bouris Ioannis , Parsonidis Panagiotis , Vlachou Ioanna , Gougousi Maria , Papasotiriou Ioannis
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study is to improve and optimize the formulation of Genistein in capsules in order to result in a better pharmacokinetic profile comparing to existing commercial products. In order to do this, five different formulations of Genistein capsules were developed and examined by reviewing their disintegration and dissolution properties. Furthermore, flowability of the powder along with potent incompatibilities between Genistein and its excipients were monitored through their thermal properties. The final formulation of Genistein was quantified using HPLC analysis and then its stability was evaluated thoroughly in real time and accelerated conditions. Finally, with the target to have a product with actual results, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. The final product proved to have better results in disintegration and dissolution. Moreover, R.G.C.C.’s capsules exhibited enhanced action in human cell lines as well as impressive pharmacokinetic results in animal models. The in vitro results showed an advantage of the R.G.C.C. product compared to the commercial one, whereas its maximum concertation in vivo was determined 34% higher than the commercial one.
The fecal microbiota of piglets during weaning transition and its association with piglet growth across various farm environments
Authors: Luise Diana , Le Sciellour Mathilde , Buchet Arnaud , Resmond Rémi , Clement Charlène , Rossignol Marie-Noelle , Jardet Deborah , Zemb Olivier , Belloc Catherine , Merlot Elodie
Published: April 2021

This study describes the fecal microbiota from piglets reared in different living environments during the weaning transition, and presents the characteristics of microbiota associated with good growth of piglets after weaning. Fecal samples were collected pre- (d26) and post-weaning (d35) from 288 male piglets in 16 conventional indoor commercial farms located in the West of France. The changes one week after weaning on the most abundant microbial families was roughly the same in all farms: alpha diversity increased, the relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae (-61%), Christensenellaceae (-35%), Enterobacteriaceae (-42%), and Clostridiaceae (-32%) decreased, while the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae (+143%) and Lachnospiraceae (+21%) increased. Among all the collected samples, four enterotypes that were ubiquitous in all farms were identified. They could be discriminated by their respective relative abundances of Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Lachnospira, and likely corresponded to a gradual maturational shift from pre- to post-weaning microbiota. The rearing environment influenced the frequency of enterotypes, as well as the relative abundance of 6 families at d26 (including Christensenellaceae and Lactobacillaceae), and of 21 families at d35. In all farms, piglets showing the highest relative growth rate during the first three weeks after weaning, which were characterized as more robust, had a higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, a lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria, and showed a greater increase in Prevotella, Coprococcus, and Lachnospira in the post-weaning period. This study revealed the presence of ubiquitous enterotypes among the farms of this study, reflecting maturational stages of microbiota from a young suckling to an older cereal-eating profile. Despite significant variation in the microbial profile between farms, piglets whose growth after weaning was less disrupted were, those who had reached the more mature phenotype characterized by Prevotella the fastest.
Magnitude and factors associated with surgical site infection among mothers underwent cesarean delivery in Nekemte town public hospitals, western Ethiopia
Authors: Ayala Diriba , Tolossa Tadesse , Markos Jote , Yilma Mekdes Tigistu
Published: April 2021

Background

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a serious public health problem due to its impacts on maternal morbidity and mortality and it can have a significant effect on quality of life for the patient. However, little has been studied regarding the magnitude and factors associated with SSI among women underwent cesarean delivery (CD) in study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and factors associated with SSI among women underwent cesarean delivery in Nekemte Town Public Hospitals 2020.

Methods

An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1/2018 to January 1/2020. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select 401 patient cards from all records women underwent CD from January 1/2018 to January 1/2020. Epidata version 3.2 was used for data entry, and STATA version 14 was used for analysis. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association of independent variables with the outcome variable and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to estimate the strength of the association.

Results

Three hundred eight two (382) cards of women were selected for analysis making a response rate of 95.2%. The mean (±SD) age of the mothers was 25.9 (±4.8) years. The prevalence of SSIs was 8.9% (95% CI: 6.03, 11.76). Age > 35 years (AOR = 5.03, 95% CI:1.69, 14.95), pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR = 5.63, 95%CI:1.88, 16.79), prolonged labor (AOR = 4.12, 95% CI:1.01, 32.19), receiving general anesthesia (AOR = 3.96 95% CI:1.02, 15.29), and post-operative hemoglobin less than 11 g/dl (AOR = 4.51 95% CI:1.84, 11.07) were significantly associated with the occurrence of SSI after cesarean delivery.

Conclusions and recommendations

The magnitude of post CD SSI in this study was comparable with the sphere standards of CDC guidelines for SSI after CD. Concerned bodies should give due attention the proper utilization of partograph to prevent prolonged labor, and provision of iron folate to increase the hemoglobin level of pregnant mothers in all health institution. In addition, we would recommend the use of spinal anesthesia over general anesthesia.
‘The Same Trade as Mozart’: Convincing the sceptics of electronic music’s value
Authors: Morgan Frances , Mooney James
Published: April 2021

In August 1969, the music documentary seriesWorkshop(1964–78) focused on electronic music in a 55-minute-long film titled ‘The Same Trade as Mozart’. Produced and directed by David Buckton, the film included interviews with composers Karlheinz Stockhausen, Tristram Cary and Justin Connolly; BBC Radiophonic Workshop staff Desmond Briscoe, David Cain and John Baker, and the Workshop’s founder, Daphne Oram; and Peter Zinovieff, director of EMS (Electronic Music Studios). It presented electronic music in a number of contexts, such as education, pop production and live performance. Technological change in music has often provoked hostility among the public and critics, and the rapid advancement of electronic music post-Second World War was no exception. Adopting a mode of analysis more commonly encountered in studies of the public communication of science, this article considers ‘The Same Trade as Mozart’ as an attempt by electronic music’s advocates, such as those listed above, to convince sceptics of its value. While sceptical responses to the presence of new technologies in music have been widely noted and theorized by scholars in science and technology studies, we call attention to the strategies employed by the advocates of such technologies to defend themselves against such criticisms, including humour, heuristic explanations and a focus on electronic music’s educational and thus social value. The use of computers in electronic music was a new and contentious development in the field, requiring a greater degree of advocacy from its proponents. We examine how the computer’s role in composition is presented in ‘The Same Trade as Mozart’, compared with other media portrayals of computing in the 1960s. Drawing on theories of filmed musical performance, we discuss how visual tropes of ‘classical’ music are used in ‘The Same Trade as Mozart’ to challenge preconceptions about the relationships between composers, musicians and new technologies.
The kilt is my delight? Popular music on early television from Scotland
Authors: Williamson John
Published: April 2021

This article explores the careers of the first three musical stars of television in Scotland: Jimmy Shand, Andy Stewart and Kenneth McKellar. With reference to the shows with which they were most closely associated,The Kilt Is My Delight(1956–63),The White Heather Club(1958–68) andA Song for Everyone(1957–62), it investigates popular music on television from Scotland during its formative years, highlighting the geographic and political issues that made this distinct in a wider context. Drawing on a range of archival sources, it argues the importance of these acts and shows them both as a counterpoint to existing accounts of popular music on early television and in the wider context of the music and entertainment industries.
The status of immigrants on Italian labour market in the context of economic decline: Evidence from survey, macroeconomic and big data
Authors: Simionescu Mihaela
Published: April 2021

Considering the impact of economic crisis on Italian labour market, the aim of this paper is to analyse the status of immigrants from Italy in the labour field using more sources of data: survey data from the research “Case study of Labour Force Survey”, macroeconomic data from official statistics of Eurostat and big data associated to Internet queries on Google. Survey analysis for the 20 regions in Italy confirmed the foreign women advantage of finding a job better than foreign men. The decline in the GDP at regional level affected the immigrants, but their searches for jobs on the Internet were significant in explaining the status of immigrants on labour market. The data at national level used in estimating Bayesian generalized ridge regression suggested that the number of unemployed immigrants from Italy since 2008 is explained by changes in risk of poverty or social exclusion, exports of goods and services, housing cost overburden rate, inflation and tax rate on low wage earners and adult participation in learning.
Causality relationship among interest rate, inflation, exchange rate using vector autoregression
Authors: Aji Tony Seno , Prabowo Prayudi Setiawan , Canggih Clarashinta
Published: April 2021

This paper aimed to analyze the causal relationship between interest rates, inflation, and exchange rates in Indonesia. This paper used Vector Autoregression (VAR). The Granger causality showed that the interest rate did not affect inflation, but inflation affected the interest rates. The exchange rate affected inflation, but inflation did not affect the exchange rate. As for the interest rate and the exchange rate, they did not affect each other. The Impulse Response Function of the interest rate was due to the shock of a positive change in one of its standard deviations. Inflation response to the change in one standard deviation of the interest rate initially was null in period one, increased in period two, and gradually decreased until period ten. The inflation response was due to the shock of a positive change in one of its standard deviations. In Variance Decomposition, interest rate shifting in period one and period two were still very dominantly influenced by the interest rate itself. Next, it was affected by inflation. Furthermore, changes in inflation in period one and period two were influenced dominantly by inflation itself. In the next period, interest rates and exchange rates affected inflation in a small percentage.
Do repensar a Bobbio à Problemática dos Direitos Sociais em Tempos de Globalização
Authors: De Oliveira Junior José Alcebíades
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho realiza uma releitura da obra de Bobbio, visando a constatar como esse autor desenvolveu suas análises acerca da filosofia e da sociologia política, na direção da verificação de uma evolução dos Direitos, tendo chegado a uma interessante análise dos Direitos Sociais próprios das sociedades contemporâneas e suas dificuldades de implementação, em grande parte devido a globalização social estar mais fundada na economia do que na real defesa dos interesses humanos e sociais.
Crise iemenita: da atuação de mercenários contratados à jurisdição do tribunal penal internacional frente às violações de direito humanitário
Authors: Cardoso Squeff Tatiana de A. F. R. , Patriota Beatriz
Published: April 2021

A Guerra no Iêmen completa, em 2020, seis anos de duração, sendo rotineiramente taxado como a pior crise humanitária da atualidade, haja vista o número de fatalidades já ter ultrapassado os 100.000 mortos. Apesar de se tratar de um conflito interno, as hostilidades envolvem inúmeras frentes, tanto estatais como não-estatais, sendo, por isso, de difícil resolução. Um aspecto, porém, que torna o conflito ainda mais peculiar é o uso elevado de mercenários, isto é, combatentes privados que são apontados como causadores de diversas atrocidades classificadas como crimes de guerra e contra a humanidade pela sociedade internacional. Nesse cenário, um questionamento recorrente tem sido a possibilidade de levar essas situações a conhecimento do Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI), para que o mesmo possa julgar tais atores por suas condutas, sendo este o objeto central de análise do presente artigo, o qual se realiza através do método hipotético-dedutivo e desde um recorte descritivo-explicativo. Assim sendo, partindo da análise bibliográfica e documental, após verificadas as pormenoridades do conflito iemenita e estudada a atuação das partes envolvidas, segue-se para o exame do uso do TPI, concluindo-se que apenas os mercenários oriundos de Estados-partes do Estatuto de Roma é que poderiam ser julgados, em que pese a promotoria da Corte ter rechaçado, em 2019, a sua atuação para julgar quaisquer envolvidos no conflito.
Aproximação à linguagem jurídica dos “cabildos” indígenas no período “indiano” (hispano-colonial)
Authors: De J. Flores Alfredo
Published: April 2021

Busca-se nessa investigação apresentar algumas noções de caráter jurídico e político que os "cabildantes" utilizaram em textos da época colonial que ainda há registro. Esses textos, de modo geral pertencentes ao período posterior à expulsão dos jesuítas, seriam atas e cartas redigidas em castelhano ou em língua indígena em que visões políticas e jurídicas se misturam a petições dos interessados. Ademais, deve-se recordar que nessa época no Paraguai colonial a escrita em guarani começa a consolidar-se entre os principais dos "pueblos" para fins próprios de seu contexto histórico.
MULHER E A ATUAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL, RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO E DIVISÃO SEXUAL DO TRABALHO
Authors: Correa Silva Ana Maria , Peres Gonçalves Josiane
Published: April 2021

Este estudo caracteriza-se como uma revisão sistemática da produção acadêmica realizada a partir de levantamento em base de dados, sendo priorizadas as publicações divulgadas pela Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPED), no GT23 intitulado “Gênero, Sexualidade e Educação”; banco de teses e dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e na biblioteca eletrônica de periódicos científicos Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Mediante investigação de natureza bibliográfica, foram analisadas as produções acadêmicas sobre os seguintes descritores: “mulher” + “teto de vidro”; “mulher” + “relações de gênero”; “mulher” + “divisão sexual do trabalho”; “mulher” + ”atuação profissional”. Este estudo justifica-se como relevante no sentido de reunir informações que possam contribuir para um maior aprofundamento sobre questões inerentes à relações de gênero, carreira e atuação profissional.
Sometimes You Have to Judge a Book by Its Cover: The Case of a Masquerading Pancreatic Mucinous Cyst
Authors: Miller John , Agostini-Vulaj Diana , Howard Victoria , Schoeniger Luke , Kothari Truptesh
Published: April 2021

Pancreatic cystic lesions are difficult to evaluate amid acute pancreatitis. Without previous pancreatic imaging, it is challenging to discern between pancreatic acute fluid collections and cystic neoplasms. We present a 29-year-old woman with acute pancreatitis and initial cross-sectional imaging suggesting a 2.8-cm cystic lesion in the body/tail of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasound completed 5 weeks after index presentation revealed findings worrisome for a cystic neoplasm, but fine-needle aspiration findings suggested lesion to be a pseudocyst (normal carcinoembryonic antigen and cytology, negative mucin stain).
When Variants Collide: An Unusual Presentation of Metastatic Gastric Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasm
Authors: Deliwala Smit S. , Ponnapalli Anoosha , Gakhal Inderdeep , Modi Viraj , Haykal Tarek , Bachuwa Ghassan , Chawla Saurabh
Published: April 2021

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms were recently reclassified into the 2019 World Health Organization schema into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs). Among these, gastric MiNENs are exceedingly rare and often metastasize quickly without diagnostic clues. We present a refractory gastric MiNEN with unique presenting features. This case highlights the clinical spectrum of these tumors, the importance of accurate histochemical interpretation, and clinical management in the absence of formalized guidelines. Future therapies looking at novel targets and palliative symptom relief are needed.
Developments of an Interactive Sail Design Method
Authors: Malpede S. M. , Vezza M.
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a new tool for performing the integrated design and analysis of a sail. The features of the system are the geometrical definition of a sail shape, using the Bezier surface method, the creation of a finite element model for the non-linear structural analysis and a fluid-dynamic model for the aerodynamic analysis. The system has been developed using MATLAB(r). Recent sail design efforts have been focused on solving the aeroelastic behavior of the sail. The pressure distribution on a sail changes continuously, by virtue of cloth stretch and flexing. The sail shape determines the pressure distribution and, at the same time, the pressure distribution on the sail stretches and flexes the sail material determining its shape. This characteristic non-linear behavior requires iterative solution strategies to obtain the equilibrium configuration and evaluate the forces involved. The aeroelastic problem is tackled by combining structural with aerodynamic analysis. Firstly, pressure loads for a known sail-shape are computed (aerodynamic analysis). Secondly, the sail-shape is analyzed for the obtained external loads (structural analysis). The final solution is obtained by using an iterative analysis process, which involves both aerodynamic and the structural analysis. When the solution converges, it is possible to make design modifications.
Investigation of Turbulence Effect on Dynamic Behaviour of Aircraft Through Use of JDYNASIM: A Platform Independent Simulation Software
Authors: Coiro D. P. , Madonna M.
Published: April 2021

The need of fast and interactive tool to simulate aircraft behaviour is a demand of modern technology. This necessity is more evident when light aircraft and sailplanes are involved.. This paper presents an attempt to give simulation possibility almost to everyone through the use of JDynaSim code, written to meet this goal. JDynaSim is an interactive graphic flight simulation code written in JAVA and VRML languages which practically allows everyone to fly the aeroplane under investigation. This is true due to the fact that JAVA is a language born to work under a generic Internet browser (such as Microsoft Explorer or Netscape) and thus it is independent from the operating system under which it is running. Dynamic motion equations are solved by 12 ordinary non-linear differential equations in which the non-linear forces are input in multidimensional matrix form and are interpolated at each time instant. Advancing in time is performed using a 4th order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. Translation equations of motion are written in a flight path axis system while rotational equations are written on body axis system. An on-purpose written pre-processor has to be used to transform forces to appropriate reference system. The code can interactively read mouse and keyboard inputs as well as files with command laws assigned in function of time. There is the possibility to record the interactive session performed and then to repeat the manoeuvre. This paper presents also the code extension for simulating the effect of gusts generated according to classical theories. In particular investigation has been performed to compare results coming from classical theories on aircraft responses to gusts inputs respect to those coming from JDynSim flight simulator. JDynaSim is available to everybody through Internet at the following URL: http://www.dpa.unina.it/coiro/
Probabilistic Durability Analysis in Advanced Engineering Design
Authors: Kudzys A. , Narmontas D. , Vaicekauskas L.
Published: April 2021

Expedience of probabilistic durability concepts and approaches in advanced engineering design of building materials, structural members and systems is considered. Target margin values of structural safety and serviceability indices are analyzed and their draft values are presented. Analytical methods of the cumulative coefficient of correlation and the limit transient action effect for calculation of reliability indices are given. Analysis can be used for probabilistic durability assessment of carrying and enclosure metal, reinforced concrete, wood, plastic, masonry both homogeneous and sandwich or composite structures and some kinds of equipments. Analysis models can be applied in other engineering fields.
Market and Design of a Dedicated Advanced Cargo Airc
Authors: Schmitt D. , Strohmayer A.
Published: April 2021

The development of the European economy requires an efficient transport system. The transportation of goods and freight today is mainly done by surface transport, i.e. road and railways. Air cargo within Europe is in general restricted to mail and parcels. This paper describes the current cargo transport system in Europe and compares road, rail and air transport with respect to energy consumption, land resources required, flexibility and cost of transportation. Based on this comparison, an innovative air cargo transport system will be developed. Three main elements are required for the new system: a specific intermodal cargo airport in every major industrial region of Europe, the design of a new container system and the design of a dedicated large cargo aircraft. A conceptual design for a large cargo aircraft will be shown which can meet the technical and operational requirements arising from the new air transport system.
SIZE EFFECT ON THE ULTIMATE DRYING SHRINKAGE OF CEMENT MORTAR: 1-YEAR EXPERIMENT AND NUMERICAL MODELING
Authors: Dohnalová Lenka , Havlásek Petr , Šmilauer Vít , Reiterman Pavel , Davidová Vendula
Published: April 2021

The magnitude and time evolution of shrinkage are influenced by numerous factors which are implemented in the design codes often in a different way. The time-dependent behavior of concrete in structures sensitive to creep and shrinkage should be verified by means of short-term laboratory measurements. Extrapolation of drying shrinkage from short-term measurements is an illposed problem. The process is extremely slow but can be accelerated by reducing the specimen size. The knowledge of the size-effect on drying shrinkage is a necessity to establish the transition from the laboratory to the structural size. In the literature, the experimental data on such size-effect are insufficient. For this reason a new experiment was developed to study this phenomenon on small-scale specimens made of cement mortar and the results from the first year are summarized in this paper. The measured data are validated by coupled FEM hygro-mechanical simulations.
EVALUATION OF IMPACT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURES ON YOUNG’S MODULUS OF GLT BEAMS
Authors: Kucíková Lucie , Šejnoha Michal , Janda Tomáš , Padevět Pavel , Marseglia Guido
Published: April 2021

The influence of elevated temperatures on mechanical behavior of glued laminated timber beams is examined on the basis of tensile tests. Dog bone samples prepared from beams exposed to fire of variable duration were categorized with respect to the type and position of the failure crack, type and number of discontinuities such as knots, and the level of browning. The acquired experimental results suggest that the wood variability and the effect of growth discontinuities are probably more significant than the effect of elevated temperatures. To support this conclusion, further study is currently under way, exploring samples from the second series of the fire tests.
LOCALIZATION ANALYSIS OF DAMAGE FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL PERIDYNAMIC MODEL
Authors: Mikeš Karel , Jirásek Milan , Zeman Jan , Rokoš Ondřej , Peerlings Ron H. J.
Published: April 2021

Peridynamics is a recently developed extension of continuum mechanics, which replaces the traditional concept of stress by force interactions between material points at a finite distance. The peridynamic continuum is thus intrinsically nonlocal. In this contribution, a bond-based peridynamic model with elastic-brittle interactions is considered and the critical strain is defined for each bond as a function of its length. Various forms of length functions are employed to achieve a variety of macroscopic responses. A detailed study of three different localization mechanisms is performed for a one-dimensional periodic unit cell. Furthermore, a convergence study of the adopted finite element discretization of the peridynamic model is provided and an effective event-driven numerical algorithm is described.
Cambios de poder y organizaciones regionales en el espacio postsoviético y América Latina
Authors: Gallegos Pazmiño César Francisco
Published: April 2021

El artículo explora cómo los cambios de poder en la política mundial y la aparición de poderes regionales afectan la gobernanza de la seguridad regional. Se identifican el espacio postsoviético y América Latina como dos regiones donde las potencias hegemónicas y de la Guerra Fría (Estados Unidos y Rusia) recientemente han sido desafiadas por potencias ya afirmadas o en ascenso (Brasil y China, respectivamente). En ambas regiones, existe una organización regional más antigua conformada por la dinámica de la Guerra Fría junto con una organización más nueva formada por el creciente poder. Pero, ¿patrones similares de cambios de poder conducen a tipos y trayectorias análogos de gobernanza de seguridad? Se analizan cuatro organizaciones de seguridad de las dos regiones: la Organización para la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa (OSCE) y la Organización de Cooperación de Shanghai (OCS) desde el espacio postsoviético; y la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) y la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR) de América Latina. Se muestra cómo los cambios de poder se reflejan en (1) los factores que impulsan la base y la transformación de la organización, (2) las concepciones y prácticas de seguridad de las organizaciones, y (3) la superposición organizacional.
Política de acesso e permanência educação superior no Brasil: o Programa Universidade para todos
Authors: Dotta Alexandre Godoy , Aloise Bertazolli Carolina Braglia
Published: April 2021

O artigo investiga a política pública brasileira voltada para a promoção do acesso e da permanência dos estudantes na universidade. Aborda as principais ações voltadas para este tipo de educação descrevendo algumas das principais mudanças ocorridas na política educacional para a educação superior durante o governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) e no de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). Destaca o processo de criação e de funcionamento do Programa Universidade para Todos (PROUNI) instituído mediante Medida Provisória nº 213 em 2004, que posteriormente se converteu na Lei nº 11.096 em 2005. Contextualiza apontando a criação da Lei nº 10.861 que instituiu o SINAES – Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior e o ENADE – Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes. Desenvolve apontando os dados do relatório e sobre Gastos Tributários da Secretaria de Macroavaliação Governamental do Tribunal de Contas da União. Aponta que o volume da renúncia fiscal do Estado descrevendo o número de bolsas distribuídas, e ainda, fazendo uma evolução do custo anual e custo mensal por aluno no programa no período de 2005 até 2012. Apresenta o número da evasão dos bolsistas PROUNI de 2005 até 2009. Conclui apontando os principais benefícios resultantes do programa.
O exame do Programa Universidade para Todos (ProUni) para uma melhoria da política pública constitucional inclusiva a cargo da União
Authors: Gomes dos Anjos Silvestre , Buissa Freitas Leonardo
Published: April 2021

O objeto deste artigo é o ProUni, como política pública permanente, de inclusão de vagas em cursos superiores em instituições de ensino particulares, para os alunos carentes, cuja renda per ‘capita’ seja baixa, com isenção de mensalidades ou com redução substancial delas. Esse Programa de bolsas é voltado para o aumento inclusivo da população carente no ensino superior, tendo como fator preponderante o aproveitamento do exame nacional, uma espécie de meritocracia. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, foram abordados os controles administrativos e constitucionais relativos à execução do ProUni, com vistas à sua compreensão. Conclui-se que o conhecimento e a transparência dos mecanismos de ingresso no ensino superior por meio desses tipos de bolsas são ferramentas necessárias ao verdadeiro controle administrativo e social, podendo resultar em melhorias substanciais dessa política pública constitucional inclusiva a cargo da União.