bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new contact and road model for multi-body dynamic simulation of wheeled vehicles on soft-soil terrain
Authors: Koutras Evangelos , Moretti Leila Felipe , Ribaric Adrijan , Natsiavas Sotirios
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a new high-performance and memory-efficient contact and road model is developed. Specifically, the road is modeled as a rectangular structured grid of deformable springs in the vertical direction, thus enabling fast execution. The new road model stands out due to its ability to handle large road scenarios by allocating computer memory dynamically for each spring, resulting in efficient memory utilization. Furthermore, each spring represents a small road patch that entails various information, such as the soil elevation, the soil properties, and the soil compaction, allowing for complicated simulations incorporating spatially varying soil properties and phenomena related to the multi-pass effect. In addition, using the new contact model, complex terrain geometries are handled in a computationally efficient way by approximating locally the irregular road profile with a suitable equivalent plane. For this, two different strategies are proposed, namely the radial basis function (RBF) interpolation method and the 3D enveloping contact model. Finally, the proposed techniques are implemented in Altair MotionSolve, a comprehensive multi-body simulation software for complex mechanical systems. In particular, a single-wheel test bed is initially examined followed by a four-wheeled rover model and the next-generation NATO reference mobility model (NG-NRMM). In all cases, the proposed model is validated by using available experimental data. Lastly, a case involving both wheeled and tracked vehicles is also examined by using a shared road model.
Kernel embedding of measures and low-rank approximation of integral operators
Authors: Gauthier Bertrand
Published: April 2024

We describe a natural coisometry from the Hilbert space of all Hilbert-Schmidt operators on a separable reproducing kernel Hilbert space $$\hbox { (RKHS)}\, \mathcal {H}$$

(RKHS)

H

and onto the RKHS $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
associated with the squared-modulus of the reproducing kernel of $$\mathcal {H}$$
H
. Through this coisometry, trace-class integral operators defined by general measures and the reproducing kernel of $$\mathcal {H}$$
H
are isometrically represented as potentials in $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
, and the quadrature approximation of these operators is equivalent to the approximation of integral functionals on $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
. We then discuss the extent to which the approximation of potentials in RKHSs with squared-modulus kernels can be regarded as a differentiable surrogate for the characterisation of low-rank approximation of integral operators.
The Effects of Capital Controls on Housing Prices
Authors: Zhou Yang
Published: April 2024

Policymakers increasingly use capital control policies (i.e., capital flow management) to manage capital flows. However, whether the implementation of such policies can effectively affect housing prices and to what extent is less discussed. In this paper, I study the effects of four types of granular capital control policies on housing prices using a large cross-country panel of 53 economies from 1995 to 2017. I find that the estimated effects of capital controls are distinct for different capital flow types and flow directions, but all capital control inflow indices appear to reduce housing prices in the long-run. Additionally, I find that capital controls have asymmetric effects on housing prices for advanced economies and emerging markets. The negative effects of capital controls on housing prices are mainly driven by pre-crisis subsample, which means capital controls have been in effect several times before the Global Financial Crisis. I also estimate the effects for boom and slump periods respectively and find that capital control policies are implemented in an acyclical way. Since there exists endogeneity for capital control on real estate transactions, I further use IPWRA method to rebalance capital control actions and find that IPWRA estimators can weaken the negative effects on housing prices, and the attenuation effects can be attributed to endogenous factors.
A Critical View on the Quantification of Model Catalyst Activity
Authors: Reich Johanna , Kaiser Sebastian , Heiz Ueli , Grunwaldt Jan-Dierk , Kappes Manfred M. , Esch Friedrich , Lechner Barbara A. J.
Published: April 2024

The conversion of reactants, reaction rate referred to catalyst mass, and turnover frequency (TOF) are values typically employed to compare the activity of different catalysts. However, experimental parameters have to be chosen carefully when systems of different complexity are compared. In order to characterize UHV-based model systems, we use a highly sensitive sniffer setup which allows us to investigate the catalytic activity by combining three different measurement modes: temperature-programmed desorption, continuous flow, and pulsed-reactivity experiments. In this article, we explore the caveats of quantifying catalytic activity in UHV on the well-studied and highly defined reference system of CO oxidation on Pt(111), which we later compare to the same reaction on Pt19 clusters deposited on Fe3O4(001). We demonstrate that we can apply fast heating ramps for TOF quantification, thus inducing as little sintering as possible in the metastable clusters. By changing the reactant ratio, we find transient reactivity effects that influence the TOF, which should be kept in mind when comparing catalysts. In addition, the TOF also depends on the surface coverage that itself is a function of temperature and pressure. At a constant reactant ratio, in the absence of transient effects, however, the TOF scales linearly with total pressure over the entire measured temperature range from 200 to 700 K since the reaction rate is dependent on both reactant partial pressures with temperature-dependent reaction order. When comparing the maximum TOF at this particular reactant ratio, we find a 1.6 times higher maximum TOF for Pt19/Fe3O4(001) than for Pt(111). In addition, pulsed-reactivity measurements help identify purely reaction-limited regimes and allow for a more detailed investigation of limiting reactants over the whole temperature range.
Physician self-reported knowledge of and barriers to indication of alternative therapies for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Braun M , Stuck BA
Published: April 2024

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease with significant implications for individual physical and mental wellbeing. Though in theory, OSA can be effectively treated with positive airway pressure therapy (PAP), many patients cannot adhere chronically and require alternative treatment. With sleep physicians being relevant stakeholders in the process of allocation of OSA treatments, this research aims to study their knowledge and perceptions of alternative therapies available in routine care in Germany.

Methods

This work is part of a larger research project which aims to assess the state of sleep medical care in Germany. Items relevant to this study included self-reported knowledge, indication volumes, and perceptions of five alternative treatments for OSA, which are available for routine care in Germany.

Results

A total of 435 sleep physicians from multiple medical disciplines and both care sectors participated in the study. Self-reported knowledge on alternative OSA treatments was moderate and correlated with the consultation volume. Self-reported adoption of alternative therapies was higher in nonsurgical methods, and only 1.1% of participants reported not utilizing any of the alternative treatments. The most relevant perceived barriers to indication were “reimbursement issues” for mandibular advancement devices and positional therapy; “evidence insufficient” for upper airway surgery, and “no demand from patients” for hypoglossal nerve stimulation and maxillomandibular Advancement.

Conclusion

Self-reported knowledge of alternative OSA treatments is moderate and indication of alternative OSA therapies varies substantially. Sleep physicians often perceive barriers that limit provision or referrals for provision of these treatments. Additional research is required to further understand barriers and factors influencing creation of those perceptions and decision-making among physicians.
ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK + LBCL) with aberrant CD3 expression
Authors: Baker Jess , Zadeh Sara L. , Aguilera Nadine S.
Published: April 2024

ALK-positive ( +) large B cell lymphoma (ALK + LBCL) is a rare distinct subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma presenting with high stage and aggressive behavior. Although B cell markers such as CD20, CD19, and CD22 are generally negative, plasmacytic markers including CD138, CD38, and MUM1 are positive. T cell markers are negative with rare exceptions. We report an unusual case of ALK1 + LBCL in a 58-year-old man with partial expression of CD3 without other T cell antigen expression. The tissue was evaluated with flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and gene rearrangement studies. Gene rearrangement studies for IGH and TCR gamma were performed. Flow cytometry did not demonstrate any abnormal lymphoid populations. Tissue sectioning shows a malignant plasmacytic large cell neoplasm which expresses CD45 but is negative for CD20, CD79a, and PAX5. Plasmacytic markers CD138 and MUM1 are positive with kappa light chain restriction. Strong granular cytoplasmic expression of ALK is present. FISH showing disrupted ALK supports the diagnosis while MYC, BCL6, and BCL2 are intact. Gene rearrangement studies show coexisting IGH and TCR gamma clones; however, the TCR peak was present within a polyclonal background suggesting the disputed cells are likely only a subset of the T cell population. ALK + LBCL can present with an ambiguous immunophenotype, which warrants the use of multiple B cell, T cell, and plasmacytic antibodies. CD3 expression in this entity is rare and of uncertain clinical significance, but warrants further study.
Slope stabilization through groundwater management with limited hydrogeological data: a case study from Majes, southern Peru
Authors: Stein Shaked , Dugan Brandon , Gonzales Zenteno Edgard , Ticona Javier , Minaya Armando
Published: April 2024

Water table rise near a cliff may trigger a landslide due to the associated increase pore pressure and decrease in frictional resistance. One main cause of water table rise is intense irrigation for agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. One such case is in Majes, southern Peru, where a landslide has evolved near an intensively irrigated agricultural area. Mitigation strategies for landslides exist, such as physical strengthening of the cliff, but can be expensive. We describe a groundwater management approach to reduce the pore pressure in the vicinity of the cliff to either slow the propagation of an existing landslide or prevent the initiation of a new landslide. A 3D numerical groundwater flow model was built for the Majes area which employs the limited data existing on the local hydrogeology. Simulations were run to understand the connection between the hydraulic properties and the water table level change due to irrigation and pumping. Results show that through a series of pumping wells near the cliff edge, the pore pressure can be decreased effectively. Moreover, decreasing the water table via pumping can be accomplished in 25–35% of the time it took to elevate the water table level by irrigation. In addition, the pumping can capture water that could be reused for irrigation. Thus, based on our analysis, we conclude that wells could provide a groundwater management approach that keeps the pore pressure at low levels to mitigate landslide processes and simultaneously supplies water for irrigation existing and future irrigation-heavy agriculture in semi-arid environments.
Exploring how quality dimensions enhance videoconferencing platform benefits from an information systems success perspective
Authors: Alhusban Mohammad Issa , Sarhan Nael , Khatatbeh Ibrahim N. , Al Shbail Mohannad Obeid
Published: April 2024

The rapid growth of videoconferencing technology in e-learning has gained significant attention in recent years. However, the literature lacks focus on the quality aspects contributing to the success of videoconferencing platforms in online learning. To fill this gap, this study used the DeLone and McLean information system success model to assess how three quality aspects (system, information, and service) of Microsoft Teams videoconferencing platform influenced students’ learning outcomes in online learning. The study involved surveying 261 students and found that all three quality dimensions significantly impacted students’ usage and satisfaction with Microsoft Teams. Remarkably, information quality had the most pronounced influence, and system use also positively affected student satisfaction, whereas student satisfaction played more significant role in their perceived benefits compared to system use. The study concluded that Microsoft Teams’ three quality dimensions contribute to enhancing student-perceived benefits in e-learning environment, confirming its success as an e-learning platform for students.
Warship 5
Authors: Mulder Jantinus
Published: April 2024

Protected cruiser (Pantserdekschip) HNLMS Gelderland was a Holland-class cruiser of the Royal Netherlands Navy. This class, of six ships, was considered a modest, but well-thought-out design. At a speed of 10 knots the radius of action would have been 8000 miles, the two triple expansion engines could give a top speed of 20 knots.
Chaos via type-II intermittency in a forced globally unstable jet
Authors: Yang Zhijian , Yin Bo , Guan Yu , Redonnet Stephane , Li Larry K.B.
Published: April 2024

We explore the transition to chaos in a prototypical hydrodynamic oscillator, namely a globally unstable low-density jet subjected to external time-periodic forcing. As the forcing strengthens at an off-resonant frequency, we find that the jet exhibits a sequence of nonlinear states: period-1 limit cycle

$\rightarrow $

quasiperiodicity

$\rightarrow$

intermittency

$\rightarrow$

low-dimensional chaos. We show that the intermittency obeys type-II Pomeau–Manneville dynamics by analysing the first return map and the scaling properties of the quasiperiodic lifetimes between successive chaotic epochs. By providing experimental evidence of the type-II intermittency route to chaos in a globally unstable jet, this study reinforces the idea that strange attractors emerge via universal mechanisms in open self-excited flows, facilitating the development of instability control strategies based on chaos theory.
Chronology of the early transgressive phase of Lake Bonneville
Authors: Oviatt Charles G. , Pedone Vicki A.
Published: April 2024

Radiocarbon and uranium-thorium dating of microbialites and penecontemporaneous cements in a microbialite mound at Death Point at Lakeside, Utah, on the shore of Great Salt Lake, Utah, call for a revision of the Lake Bonneville hydrograph. At about 30,000 cal yr BP, the lake experienced an abrupt rise of about 20 m, then dropped back down to levels near or slightly higher than the modern average elevation of Great Salt Lake. Over the ensuing ~6000 yr the lake experienced a series of fluctuations, up to levels a few tens of meters higher than the modern average Great Salt Lake, then down again. The exact timing and amplitudes of those fluctuations are not known, but importantly, the lake did not rise to levels near the Stansbury shoreline (~80 m higher than Great Salt Lake) until after about 24,000 cal yr BP. After the Stansbury shoreline, the lake rose almost 200 m to its highest level at the Bonneville shoreline by about 17,500 cal yr BP. This interpretation is different from previously published hydrographs, many of which show a relatively steady rise to near the Stansbury shoreline between 30,000 and 25,000 cal yr BP.
Uncertainties beyond preparedness: COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal
Authors: Desclaux Alice , Sow Khoudia , Sams Kelley
Published: April 2024

Vaccination is one of the most recognised strategies in public health for preventing the spread of epidemics, and the availability of a vaccine is often expected by health actors to be a ‘game-changer’. However, the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) vaccine in Senegal was not the magic bullet that the international community expected. A very low vaccination coverage rate (less than 10% by April 2023) was observed in this country, once considered a model in West Africa for its epidemic response. Beyond the population’s alleged hesitancy to be vaccinated, was a lack of preparedness to blame? Previous analyses show that outbreak preparation limited to standard interventions is not sufficient in the face of the social, cultural, and political configurations of each epidemic context and that uncertainty limits response capacity. This paper examines the social life of the COVID-19 vaccine to identify the forms and contextual dimensions of uncertainty related to immunisation in Senegal. The authors explore how vaccination was implemented and compare experiences with the preparedness process, to offer insight on uncertainties. Using Stirling’s theoretical model that defines various expressions of incertitude, the authors identify four nexuses at various stages of the social life of COVID-19 vaccine in Senegal: (1) material uncertainty related to vaccine availability, (2) ambiguity of the population about the purpose of vaccination and the risks of the disease, (3) uncertainty related to side effects, and (4) uncertainty about vaccination strategies shared by scientific and health authorities. These uncertainties were only partly considered in the preparedness process, for they are related to systemic structural dimensions and reflect the impact of global/regional powers on the local level. The findings of this research are relevant not only to support better communication around vaccines in Senegal but also more generally to the prevention of emerging epidemics shaped by human behaviours.
When Does Lethal Repression Fail? Unarmed Militancy and Backfire in Bolivia, 1982–2021
Authors: Bjork-James Carwil
Published: April 2024

Repressive state violence, intended to tamp down collective mobilisation, sometimes inspires greater participation by protesters. When popular and/or elite reactions cause the repressing party to concede, civil resistance scholars define the failure of state repression as ‘backfire’. Some have proposed that movements’ nonviolent discipline is essential to backfire. This article demonstrates that movements that practise ‘unarmed militancy’ – forceful, combative tactics less damaging than armed violence – can also succeed through backfire, achieving policy concessions and even presidential resignations, and presents a qualitative comparative analysis of the outcomes of 48 protest events with multiple deaths in Bolivia between 1982 and 2019, and a case-based analysis of how either movements or repressors prevailed. Movements that confronted deadly repression succeeded in 57–8 per cent of cases. Whether or not protesters engaged in lethal defensive violence did not affect their likelihood of success. However, state repression of guerrillas and paramilitary groups, and during polarised partisan conflicts, was consistently successful. Current understandings of backfire need to be reconsidered in light of successful unarmed militant protest in Bolivia and numerous other locations worldwide.
Chinese copy raising and its implications for predication
Authors: Wu Hsiao-Hung Iris
Published: April 2024

This study examines the copy raising constructions in Chinese and proposes an integrated analysis built on the insights of the prominent proposals from recent years. It argues that the matrix subject in Chinese copy raising is base-generated and requires a coindexed copy in the complement. Though concurring with Landau’s (2011) predication theory that recognizes theta assignment and predication as two ways of semantically licensing an argument, this squib differs from him in assuming that languages like Chinese can be parametrized in not treating the perceptual source as thematic. It is further argued that in Chinese, the perceptual source construal of the subject does not come from theta assignment but rather as an implicature which interprets the matrix subject to be involved in the topic event denoted by the perception verb.
Gymnocranius indicus, a new large-eye seabream from the Indian Ocean
Authors: Chen Wei-Jen , Miki Ryohei , Nevill John , Borsa Philippe
Published: April 2024

Gymnocranius indicus sp. nov. is described as a new species of the fish subfamily Monotaxinae (Sparoidea: Lethrinidae), a group of commercially important species distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific, on the basis of 16 specimens collected from the Indian Ocean. The new species shares the following characters with its western Pacific sibling, the eyebrowed large-eye seabream, G. superciliosus: elongate body, distinctive and conspicuous dark patch above the eye, prominent forehead, moderately forked caudal fin, its lobes slightly convex inside, flank silvery, and reddish-to-red dorsal, pectoral, anal and caudal fins. However, principal component analysis based on seven morphological variables distinguished most specimens from the Indian Ocean from G. superciliosus. The most influential variable in the analysis was the eye diameter, significantly larger in the new species than in G. superciliosus. All specimens of the new species that were examined also lacked blue ornamentation on the snout and cheek. At the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit-I locus, the mean genetic p-distance between the two species was 0.039. With Gymnocranius indicus sp. nov., the genus now includes 12 valid nominal species; three additional species remain undescribed.

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7E3750AB-D82B-4E36-B591-85C49261C379
Use of antipsychotic medication, benzodiazepines, and psychiatric hospitalization in cannabis-related versus cannabis-unrelated schizophrenia – a nationwide, register-based cohort study
Authors: Hjorthøj Carsten , Stürup Anne , Karlsen Mette , Speyer Helene , Osler Merete , Ongur Dost , Nordentoft Merete
Published: April 2024

Background

Evidence suggests that cannabis may be a causal factor for development of schizophrenia. We aimed to investigate whether use of antipsychotic medication, benzodiazepines, and psychiatric service use differs among patients with schizophrenia depending on whether psychosis was precipitated by a diagnosis of cannabis use disorder (CUD).

Methods

We utilized the nationwide Danish registries to identify all individuals with an incident diagnosis of schizophrenia from 1995 to 2016. We also collected information on whether first CUD diagnosis preceded schizophrenia and thus defined a group of potentially cannabis-related schizophrenia. We compared the cannabis-related schizophrenia group both with all non-cannabis-related patients with schizophrenia and with non-cannabis-related patients with schizophrenia that were propensity-score matched to cases using a range of potentially confounding variables.

Results

We included 35 714 people with incident schizophrenia, including 4116 (11.5%) that were cannabis-related. In the unmatched-comparison analyses, there were no clear differences over time in use of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines related to whether the diagnosis of schizophrenia was cannabis-related. After propensity-score matching, use of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines was significantly lower among cannabis-related cases of schizophrenia. In the unmatched comparison, the cannabis-related group had significantly more days admitted than the non-cannabis-related group. This was markedly attenuated after propensity-score matching.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate the importance of considering cannabis-related cases of schizophrenia as a potentially distinct disorder in terms of prognosis. It is unclear, however, if these differences are due to different biological types of schizophrenia being compared or if they rather indicate behavioral differences such as reduced adherence and treatment-seeking.
Pollen movement of the endemic Agave cupreata by bats and birds in western Mexico
Authors: Arreola-Gómez Rosario , Mendoza Eduardo
Published: April 2024

We quantified the amount of pollen carried by bats and birds visiting the flowers of cultivated and wild individuals of the endemic Agave cupreata in western Mexico and estimated the distance to which pollen was moved using diurnal/nocturnal inflorescence exclusions and fluorescent powders. There were no differences in the amount of pollen transported by bats and birds near cultivated and wild agaves, but overall, bats transported greater loads than birds. Nocturnal pollen movement was more frequent, and the maximum distance recorded was 630 m (diurnal and nocturnal), with no transfer between cultivated and wild plants. Bats seem to provide a greater pollination service than birds in our focal anthropized landscape. It is necessary to incorporate management practices into mezcal production that ensure enough food for the wide array of animal species using this resource, which in turn will help to maintain the pollination service.
Low juvenile survival threatens the Black Stork Ciconia nigra in northern Europe
Authors: Väli Ülo , Strazds Māris , Kaldma Katrin , Treinys Rimgaudas
Published: April 2024

Detecting factors causing the decline of wildlife populations provides essential knowledge for their effective conservation. Populations of Black Stork Ciconia nigra are decreasing in northern Europe; however, there are no detailed analyses of its survival, which frequently is a key demographic parameter affecting population dynamics in long-lived species. We used long-term data from re-sighted colour-ringed birds and satellite-tracked birds to estimate age- and sex-specific survival in a rapidly declining Black Stork population in the Baltic region at the northern end of the European range. Apparent survival (0.89) among colour-ringed birds older than one year was not significantly different from the previously reported estimates in Central Europe and the estimated real survival of GPS-tracked birds (0.77). However, the apparent survival of first-year (1y) birds was only 0.04, which is remarkably lower than earlier estimates in Central Europe. The real survival of GPS-tracked 1y birds was somewhat higher (0.11), but still much lower than estimates in other long-lived species. Apparent survival was three times lower in 1y females (0.013) than 1y males (0.045); this could be explained in part by a higher mean natal dispersal of females (189.1 km), compared with that of males (72.0 km), as well as by sex-specific mortality due to poor foraging conditions. There were no significant differences in apparent survival between the male and female storks older than one year. To better address the population decline, further research is needed to determine the factors causing low survival in young Black Storks, including the roles of food availability and climate change.
Courts-First Federalism: How Model Legislation Becomes Impact Litigation
Authors: Yingling Dylan L. , Mallinson Daniel J.
Published: April 2024

States and interest groups are facilitating a redistribution of government powers under a new courts-first federalism. States are working to claw back powers while interest groups drafting model laws strategically tailor them to skirt the limits of federal law and, once adopted by states, prompt federal courts to review them as parties litigate to clarify their rights. States do not need to be completely successful in litigation to shift the balance of state–national power. Testing this argument, we find that the US Supreme Court grants review to 17% of model laws in our sample produced by the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), whereas merely 1% of other cases are granted certiorari. Ultimately, the states and ALEC were partly successful in constraining federal power. Thus, the combination of model legislation, impact litigation, and courts-first federalism becomes a tool for states to draw power to themselves and from the federal government.
Opera and Land: Settler Colonialism and the Geopolitics of Music at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School
Authors: Baron Derek
Published: April 2024

This article examines the politics of music at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, the flagship federal off-reservation boarding school for the compulsory education of Indigenous children, established in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in 1879. By examining the music education and performance culture at the Carlisle School, this article considers the role of music both within boarding school discourses of “civilization” and in terms of the larger federal goal of dispossession of Native land. Based on original archival research and engagements with contemporary discourses in Indigenous music and sound studies, the article then considers a nationalistic comic opera titled The Captain of Plymouth performed by Native students at the Carlisle commencement exercises in 1909. It argues ultimately that, although music, dance, and expressive culture were a central concern for federal assimilationist policy, music making at Carlisle provided a groundwork for the emergence of an intertribal social formation that guided musical practices and self-determination movements of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Loss of mGlu5 receptors in somatostatin-expressing neurons alters negative emotional states
Authors: Ramos-Prats Arnau , Matulewicz Pawel , Edenhofer Marie-Luise , Wang Kai-Yi , Yeh Chia-Wei , Fajardo-Serrano Ana , Kress Michaela , Kummer Kai , Lien Cheng-Chang , Ferraguti Francesco
Published: April 2024

Subtype 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu5) are known to play an important role in regulating cognitive, social and valence systems. However, it remains largely unknown at which circuits and neuronal types mGlu5 act to influence these behavioral domains. Altered tissue- or cell-specific expression or function of mGlu5 has been proposed to contribute to the exacerbation of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we examined how these receptors regulate the activity of somatostatin-expressing (SST+) neurons, as well as their influence on behavior and brain rhythmic activity. Loss of mGlu5 in SST+ neurons elicited excitatory synaptic dysfunction in a region and sex-specific manner together with a range of emotional imbalances including diminished social novelty preference, reduced anxiety-like behavior and decreased freezing during retrieval of fear memories. In addition, the absence of mGlu5 in SST+ neurons during fear processing impaired theta frequency oscillatory activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus. These findings reveal a critical role of mGlu5 in controlling SST+ neurons excitability necessary for regulating negative emotional states.
GCN5 mediates DNA-PKcs crotonylation for DNA double-strand break repair and determining cancer radiosensitivity
Authors: Han Yang , Zhao Hongling , Li Gang , Jia Jin , Guo Hejiang , Tan Jinpeng , Sun Xingyao , Li Saiyu , Ran Qian , Bai Chenjun , Gu Yongqing , Li ZhongJun , Guan Hua , Gao Shanshan , Zhou Ping-Kun
Published: April 2024

Background

DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction and repair are important events for determining cell survival and the outcome of cancer radiotherapy. The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex functions at the apex of DSBs repair, and its assembly and activity are strictly regulated by post-translation modifications (PTMs)-associated interactions. However, the PTMs of the catalytic subunit DNA-PKcs and how they affect DNA-PKcs’s functions are not fully understood.

Methods

Mass spectrometry analyses were performed to identify the crotonylation sites of DNA-PKcs in response to γ-ray irradiation. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), western blotting, in vitro crotonylation assays, laser microirradiation assays, in vitro DNA binding assays, in vitro DNA-PK assembly assays and IF assays were employed to confirm the crotonylation, identify the crotonylase and decrotonylase, and elucidate how crotonylation regulates the activity and function of DNA-PKcs. Subcutaneous xenografts of human HeLa GCN5 WT or HeLa GCN5 siRNA cells in BALB/c nude mice were generated and utilized to assess tumor proliferation in vivo after radiotherapy.

Results

Here, we reveal that K525 is an important site of DNA-PKcs for crotonylation, and whose level is sharply increased by irradiation. The histone acetyltransferase GCN5 functions as the crotonylase for K525-Kcr, while HDAC3 serves as its dedicated decrotonylase. K525 crotonylation enhances DNA binding activity of DNA-PKcs, and facilitates assembly of the DNA-PK complex. Furthermore, GCN5-mediated K525 crotonylation is indispensable for DNA-PKcs autophosphorylation and the repair of double-strand breaks in the NHEJ pathway. GCN5 suppression significantly sensitizes xenograft tumors of mice to radiotherapy.

Conclusions

Our study defines K525 crotonylation of DNA-PKcs is important for the DNA-PK complex assembly and DSBs repair activity via NHEJ pathway. Targeting GCN5-mediated K525 Kcr of DNA-PKcs may be a promising therapeutic strategy for improving the outcome of cancer radiotherapy.
The formation of unsaturated IrOx in SrIrO3 by cobalt-doping for acidic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhao Jia-Wei , Yue Kaihang , Zhang Hong , Wei Shu-Yin , Zhu Jiawei , Wang Dongdong , Chen Junze , Fominski Vyacheslav Yu. , Li Gao-Ren
Published: April 2024

Electrocatalytic water splitting is a promising route for sustainable hydrogen production. However, the high overpotential of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction poses significant challenge. SrIrO3-based perovskite-type catalysts have shown great potential for acidic oxygen evolution reaction, but the origins of their high activity are still unclear. Herein, we develop a Co-doped SrIrO3 system to enhance oxygen evolution reaction activity and elucidate the origin of catalytic activity. In situ experiments reveal Co activates surface lattice oxygen, rapidly exposing IrOx active sites, while bulk Co doping optimizes the adsorbate binding energy of IrOx. The Co-doped SrIrO3 demonstrates high oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalytic activity, markedly surpassing the commercial IrO2 catalysts in both conventional electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer.
Developmental self-reactivity determines pathogenic Tc17 differentiation potential of naive CD8+ T cells in murine models of inflammation
Authors: Lee Gil-Woo , Kim Young Ju , Lee Sung-Woo , Kim Hee-Ok , Kim Daeun , Kim Jiyoung , Kim You-Me , Kang Keunsoo , Rhee Joon Haeng , Chung Ik Joo , Bae Woo Kyun , Oh In-Jae , Yang Deok Hwan , Cho Jae-Ho
Published: April 2024

The differentiation of naive CD8+ T cells into effector cells is important for establishing immunity. However, the effect of heterogeneous naive CD8+ T cell populations is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that steady-state naive CD8+ T cells are composed of functionally heterogeneous subpopulations that differ in their ability to differentiate into type 17 cytotoxic effector cells (Tc17) in a context of murine inflammatory disease models, such as inflammatory bowel disease and graft-versus-host disease. The differential ability of Tc17 differentiation is not related to T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity and antigen specificity but is inversely correlated with self-reactivity acquired during development. Mechanistically, this phenomenon is linked to differential levels of intrinsic TCR sensitivity and basal Suppressor of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic 3 (SMAD3) expression, generating a wide spectrum of Tc17 differentiation potential within naive CD8+ T cell populations. These findings suggest that developmental self-reactivity can determine the fate of naive CD8+ T cells to generate functionally distinct effector populations and achieve immense diversity and complexity in antigen-specific T-cell immune responses.
Observation of Kekulé vortices around hydrogen adatoms in graphene
Authors: Guan Yifei , Dutreix Clement , González-Herrero Héctor , Ugeda Miguel M. , Brihuega Ivan , Katsnelson Mikhail I. , Yazyev Oleg V. , Renard Vincent T.
Published: April 2024

Fractional charges are one of the wonders of the fractional quantum Hall effect. Such objects are also anticipated in two-dimensional hexagonal lattices under time reversal symmetry—emerging as bound states of a rotating bond texture called a Kekulé vortex. However, the physical mechanisms inducing such topological defects remain elusive, preventing experimental realization. Here, we report the observation of Kekulé vortices in the local density of states of graphene under time reversal symmetry. The vortices result from intervalley scattering on chemisorbed hydrogen adatoms. We uncover that their 2π winding is reminiscent of the Berry phase π of the massless Dirac electrons. We can also induce a Kekulé pattern without vortices by creating point scatterers such as divacancies, which break different point symmetries. Our local-probe study thus confirms point defects as versatile building blocks for Kekulé engineering of graphene’s electronic structure.
Diffusion-rate sieving of propylene and propane mixtures in a cooperatively dynamic porous crystal
Authors: Su Yan , Otake Ken-ichi , Zheng Jia-Jia , Wang Ping , Lin Qing , Kitagawa Susumu , Gu Cheng
Published: April 2024

Selective molecular recognition is an important alternative to the energy-intensive industrial separation process. Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) offer designing platforms for gas separation because they possess precise controllability over structures at the molecular level. However, PCPs-based gas separations are dominantly achieved using strong adsorptive sites for thermodynamic recognition or pore-aperture control for size sieving, which suffer from insufficient selectivity or sluggish kinetics. Developing PCPs that work at high temperatures and feature both high uptake capacity and selectivity is urgently required but remains challenging. Herein, we report diffusion-rate sieving of propylene/propane (C3H6/C3H8) at 300 K by constructing a PCP material whose global and local dynamics cooperatively govern the adsorption process via the mechanisms of the gate opening for C3H6 and the diffusion regulation for C3H8, respectively, yielding substantial differences in both uptake capacity and adsorption kinetics. Dynamic separation of an equimolar C3H6/C3H8 mixture reveals outstanding sieving performance with a C3H6 purity of 99.7% and a separation factor of 318.
Two orthogonal differentiation gradients locally coordinate fruit morphogenesis
Authors: Gómez-Felipe Andrea , Branchini Elvis , Wang Binghan , Marconi Marco , Bertrand-Rakusová Hana , Stan Teodora , Burkiewicz Jérôme , de Folter Stefan , Routier-Kierzkowska Anne-Lise , Wabnik Krzysztof , Kierzkowski Daniel
Published: April 2024

Morphogenesis requires the coordination of cellular behaviors along developmental axes. In plants, gradients of growth and differentiation are typically established along a single longitudinal primordium axis to control global organ shape. Yet, it remains unclear how these gradients are locally adjusted to regulate the formation of complex organs that consist of diverse tissue types. Here we combine quantitative live imaging at cellular resolution with genetics, and chemical treatments to understand the formation of Arabidopsis thaliana female reproductive organ (gynoecium). We show that, contrary to other aerial organs, gynoecium shape is determined by two orthogonal, time-shifted differentiation gradients. An early mediolateral gradient controls valve morphogenesis while a late, longitudinal gradient regulates style differentiation. Local, tissue-dependent action of these gradients serves to fine-tune the common developmental program governing organ morphogenesis to ensure the specialized function of the gynoecium.
Research on the effect of different aerobic activity on physical fitness and executive function in primary school students
Authors: Ren Yue , Chu Jun , Zhang Zhongyuan , Luo Bingquan
Published: April 2024

To evaluate the effect of 16 weeks of different aerobic activity on physical fitness and executive functions in primary school students. 90 right-handed students from China (Boys = 46; Girls = 44) participated in our study and were randomly separated into four groups: 20 in the control group (Con), 23 in the physical activity group (PA), 25 in the intellectual activity group (IA), 22 in the physical activity and intellectual activity group (PA + IA). The students in PA, IA and PA + IA group received aerobic exercise program lasted 40 min daily, 4 days a week for 16 weeks, regular physical activity in the PA group, intellectual activity in the IA group, physical activity couple with intellectual activity in the PA + IA group, respectively. All the students participate the experiment for body composition, physical fitness (cardiopulmonary fitness, muscle strength, speed sensitivity, flexibility quality), executive functions and saliva analysis test before and after 16 weeks. There was no significant effect of 16 weeks different aerobic exercise interventions on body composition before and after exercise interventions among four groups in children (p > 0.05). The results were obtained by inter-group and intra-group comparisons that different exercise interventions (physical activity, intellectual activity, physical combine with intellectual activity), all can significantly improve physical fitness parameters (cardiopulmonary fitness, muscle strength, speed sensitivity and flexibility quality), and executive functions parameters (inhibitory control, working memory, reaction time cognitive flexibility), as well as the concentration of saliva GH and IGF-I (p < 0.05) in children. Our experiment further demonstrated that the improvement effect of the two exercises together is more significant than that of the single exercise ways. Both physical and intellectual activity can effectively improve physical fitness and executive function in children, and the improvement effect of the two exercises together is more significant than that of the single exercise ways.
Quantum study of the rovibrational relaxation of HF by collision with 4He on a new potential energy surface
Authors: Denis-Alpizar Otoniel , Zanchet Alexandre , Stoecklin Thierry
Published: April 2024

The HF molecule is considered the main reservoir of fluorine in the interstellar medium (ISM).
High-temperature molecular line list of hydroboron monoxide (HBO)
Authors: Li Ximing , Qin Zhi , Liu Linhua
Published: April 2024

We present the first molecular line list for HBO. This new line list covers the wavenumber range of 0–9000 cm−1 (wavelengths of λ ≥ 1.11 μm), and is suitable for temperatures up to T = 3000 K.
Spectral analysis and kinetic modeling of radioluminescence in air and nitrogen
Authors: Jans E. R. , Casey T. , Marshall G. J. , Murzyn C. M. , Harilal S. S. , McDonald B. S. , Harrison R. K.
Published: April 2024

Comparison of the kinetic modeling prediction for N2(C3Πu) vibration distribution and relative populations of N2(C3Πu) and N2+(B2Σ+u) with the optical emission spectrum of radioluminescence from 210Po of ambient air at a pressure of 83 kPa.
A microfluidic-based gut-on-a-chip model containing the gut microbiota of patients with depression reveals physiological characteristics similar to depression
Authors: Wang Wenxin , Liu Yiyuan , Yao Zhikai , Chen Dengbo , Tang Yue , Cui Jingwei , Zhang Jiangjiang , Liu Hong , Hao Zikai
Published: April 2024

A depression-on-gut-chip (DoGC) is prepared and enables extended co-culture of aerobic human intestinal epithelial cells and anaerobic gut microbiota, and allows direct study of interactions between human gut microbiota and depression.
On paper characterisation of droplet and evaporation study using impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Siva Prakasam O. Kare , Basu Akashlina , Chaudhury Koel , Das Soumen
Published: April 2024

A paper chip employs an impedance method to determine the characteristics of the droplet. We compare the traditional evaporation method with the electrical method to study the evaporation of various liquids.
Sizeable square CsPb2Br5 nanosheets for photodetection
Authors: Li Shuang , Wang Fenyun , Dong Shunhong , Dou Haoyun , Wang Tingfeng , Wang Hong-En
Published: April 2024

Large-sized, high-quality square CsPb2Br5 sheets were synthesized via a solution-based method, exhibiting excellent performance for use in photodetectors.
Supramolecular compounds assembled from the heteroleptic tetrahedral complex [{CpMo(CO)2}2(μ,η2-AsSb)] and metal salts
Authors: Elsayed Moussa Mehdi , Shelyganov Pavel A. , Seidl Michael , Zimmermann Lisa , Scheer Manfred
Published: April 2024

The first and only supramolecular coordination complexes assembled from an (As, Sb) mixed-donor molecule and any metal ion are herein presented.
Ultrafast switching in spin field-effect transistors based on borophene nanoribbons
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Farzaneh , Farokhnezhad Mohsen , Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi
Published: April 2024

Borophene, owing to the high mobility and long spin coherent length of its carriers, presents significant opportunities in ultrafast spintronics.
Understanding 2p core-level excitons of late transition metals by analysis of mixed-valence copper in a metal–organic framework
Authors: Wang Han , Su Gregory M. , Barnett Brandon R. , Drisdell Walter S. , Long Jeffrey R. , Prendergast David
Published: April 2024

We simulated XAS with LR-TDDFT for Cu2+/Cu+ in MOF CuI-MFU-4l and revealed a larger 2p core-exciton binding energy for Cu2+, finding that corrections with self-consistent excited-state total energy differences provide accurate XAS peak alignment.
Effect of ionic groups on the morphology and transport properties in a novel perfluorinated ionomer containing sulfonic and phosphonic acid groups: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Zhang Zongwei , Cui Rui , Jiang Xuesong , Yu Chunyang , Zhou Yongfeng
Published: April 2024

Sulfonic and phosphonic acid groups show distinct effects on the morphology and transport properties in a perfluorinated ionomer containing dual proton-conducting groups.
Cumulant Green's function methods for molecules
Authors: Loos Pierre-François , Marie Antoine , Ammar Abdallah
Published: April 2024

A detailed derivation of cumulant Green’s function methods is presented, and the performance of this scheme in describing outer-valence quasiparticle and satellite energies of molecular systems is explored.
Self-assembled π-conjugated chromophores: preparation of one- and two-dimensional nanostructures and their use in photocatalysis
Authors: Cappelletti David , Barbieri Marianna , Aliprandi Alessandro , Maggini Michele , Đorđević Luka
Published: April 2024

Nanostructures obtained from self-assembled organic dyes are emerging as alternatives to molecular and semiconductor photocatalysts. With their unique properties, they offer a promising way to bridge homo- and heterogeneous (photo)catalysis.
High-efficiency electrodeposition of magnesium alloy-based anodes for ultra-stable rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries
Authors: Chai Xiao , Xin Yan , He Bijiao , Zhang Fang , Xie Haokai , Tian Huajun
Published: April 2024

Artificial layers were designed on the surface of Mg anodes using a facile alloy electrodeposition method, which enables high-performance rechargeable magnesium batteries to achieve ultra-stable electrochemical performance even after 5000 cycles.
Polymerization-induced self-assembly for the construction of nanostructured hydrogels
Authors: Zhao Zizhuo , Huo Meng
Published: April 2024

This review summarizes the recent advances in PISA for the fabrication of polymer assemblies-based nanostructured hydrogels, including colloidal hydrogels, multiphase hydrogels, and micelle-crosslinked hydrogels.