bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical Extension of Two-Year Colleges a Ten Year Survey: 1964-1974
Authors: Beeler Kent
Published: August 2024

The number, location, and characteristics of two-year colleges that had elevated to four-year status during the past decade was reviewed. Data were gathered from the annual issues of the Education Directory, Higher Education prepared by the U.S. Office of Education. A total of 70 institutions were involved in upward academic moves with the annual average of seven in substantial agreement with similar studies previously reported in the literature. A decreasing percentage of two-year colleges, of the total eligible, were involved yearly. Institutional characteristics church-affiliation, enrollment of under 500, and lack of regional accreditation were present in a higher proportion than found generally in all two-year colleges during the same period. It was concluded that the frequent allegations that the two-year college is an unstable format and has a propensity to seek transformation to a four-year status are inaccurate and have become even more so in recent years.
Engaging with 21st Century Methodologies in Contemporary Education Research: Developing a Multi-sited, Distance, Online Ethnography
Authors: Lee Daniel , Baker William , Haywood Nick
Published: August 2024

Twenty-first century telecommunications have spawned new developments in anthropological research. Researchers now utilize online tools and investigate virtual social phenomena. A research project at the University of Tasmania required the development of a tailored methodology to investigate real-world activities across multiple education institutions and associated online communities. The study employed a blend of traditional and contemporary approaches assembled from established methodologies. Considerations influencing the development of the methodology are presented with the intention of informing future researchers of valid methodological design. Ontological and epistemological concerns are addressed to establish a framework for 21st century ethnographical methodologies.
I Hope that I am not Anxious About Using the Library: The Relationship Between Hope and Library Anxiety Among Graduate Students
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Anthony , Jiao Qun
Published: August 2024

Library anxiety has been found to be a multidimensional phenomenon which can debilitate performance among graduate students. Yet, only recently has empirical research been undertaken in this area. However, it appears that library anxiety often occurs when goals are not met. Since hope is a cognitive set which consists of level of goal-directed determination (agency) and the propensity to plan ways to achieve goals (pathways), the purpose of this study was to investigate whether hope is related to library anxiety. Participants were 109 graduate students enrolled in several sections of an educational research course. A canonical correlation analysis indicated that students who have the poorest sense of successful determination in relation to their goals, and who have the least positive appraisals of their ability to generate ways to overcome goal-related obstacles and to reach their goals, tend to have the highest level of library anxiety associated with comfort with the library and knowledge of the library. Also, students with the poorest sense of successful goal-related determination tend to have the highest level of library anxiety associated with barriers with staff, affective barriers, comfort with the library, knowledge of the library, and mechanical barriers. Based on these findings, it is recommended that researchers investigate whether interventions aimed at agency and pathways help to reduce levels of library anxiety.
A Comparison of First and Second Generation Multivariate Analyses: Canonical Correlation Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Guarino A.J.
Published: August 2024

This study illustrates that Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) provides a more accurate representation of the latent variables as assessed by the structure coefficients than Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). A heuristic data set of five independent variables representing the Piagetian tasks measured by The Inventory of Piaget’s Developmental Tasks (IPDT) and three dependent variables assessed by the Alabama Basic Competency Tests (BCT) were analyzed with both statistical methods. Although the relationship between IPDT and BCT was invariant, the corresponding latent variable structures differed for the two methods.
Merit Pay for Productivity: Does It Work?
Authors: Messerschmidt James , Droegemueller Lee
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine what impact the 1995-1996 State University System’s Teacher Incentive Program (TIP) had on the University of West Florida faculty members’ motivation to become more effective and productive teachers. Two separate and distinct instruments were utilized to gather data to address the study’s research questions and statistical hypothesis. Results of this study indicate that TIP did not motivate most faculty members to improve the quality of their teaching; TIP selection was based entirely on productivity and not an objective measurement of teaching ability; there was a strong link between productivity and winning the award; TIP motivated faculty members to increase their teaching load in order to be eligible for the award; and TIP has a negative effect on the morale of faculty members.
Some Comments on “The Unit of Analysis: Group Means Versus Individual Observations”
Authors: Blair R. Clifford , Higgins J.J.
Published: August 2024

Hopkins (1982) has criticized the use of means as the unit of analysis in situations where intact groups (e.g. classes) rather than individuals have been randomly assigned to various treatment conditions. Instead Hopkins advocates the use of certain ANOVA models which, insofar as tests for treatment effects are concerned, yield results that are equivalent to those that would be obtained if class means were employed as the unit of analysis. This paper points out that, because of the nonrobustness of the sample mean as an estimator of location, use of the class mean as the unit of analysis or of the ANOVA models advocated by Hopkins can lead to larger than necessary Type II error rates in tests of significance for treatment effects. This paper also shows how, in the nonnormal population situation, use of summary statistics other than the mean (e.g. members of the family of trimmed means) can lead to significant increases in the power of tests for treatment effects. It is also suggested here that the pooling options offered by Hopkins should be viewed with caution.
Measuring the Environmental Literacy of High School Students
Authors: Bogan Margaret , Kromrey Jeffrey
Published: August 2024

The Florida Environmental Literacy Survey was used to determine the environmental literacy of high school students. Environmental literacy is defined as: knowing ecology (KAS); being attitudinally predisposed to the environment (ATT); valuing responsible environmental behaviors (NEB); participating in responsible environmental behaviors (AEB); and knowing political action strategies (PAR). Students averaged a score of 37% in their knowledge of ecology (KAS); held a positive attitude towards the environment (ATT); knew environmentally responsible behaviors (NEB); and some participated therein (AEB).
Local Development of Subject Area Item Banks
Authors: Ward Annie , Barlow Gene
Published: August 2024

It is feasible for school districts to develop and use subject area tests as reliable as those previously available only from commercial publishers. This paper describes procedures used in a large school district to develop item banks in algebra, life science, career education, geometry, biology, and U. S. history. Districts who put a reasonable amount of effort and resources into such projects can develop tests valid for assessing specific courses.
A Portrait of School Improvement Efforts Across Florida High Schools: A Content Analysis of 1993-94 Blueprint 2000 School Improvement Plans
Authors: Kushner Susan , Carey Lou , Kromrey Jeffrey
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe the content of the 1993-94 school improvement plans that Florida high schools submitted in response to the mandates of Blueprint 2000. The 271 high schools in the state were blocked by geographic region and a proportional random sample of plans was collected from each region. Conventional content analysis methods were used to describe the content of the plans. Kaufman’s Organizational Elements Model was used as a framework for considering the resources, processes, and anticipated results of Florida’s school improvement efforts.
Who’s Using What and How Often: An Assessment of the Use of lnstructional Technology in the Classroom
Authors: Buck Hettie , Horton Phillip
Published: August 2024

Instructional technology is perceived as a vehicle for curriculum enhancement across grade levels and academic subjects. With this in mind, it is important to determine whether or not today’s teachers are effectively integrating the available technologies into the classroom. The purpose of this study was to assess current use of instructional technology in the elementary, middle and junior high public schools in an east central Florida school district. This assessment examined types of instructional technology being used in the classroom and frequency of use. Results indicate that the majority of surveyed teachers (59%) use some form of technology with their students at least once a week. In addition, variables that distinguish teachers who use technology from those not using instructional technology were identified and analyzed with the use of multiple regression.
CHAPTER 3: Preparing Students for Rapidly Evolving Futures: Using Learning Theory to Inform Pedagogical practice.
Authors: Geertshuis Susan
Published: August 2024

The chapter describes a framework used to guide teaching staff in universities as they attempt to respond to emerging trends in the capabilities universities seek to develop and the students they seek to serve. The framework was developed in New Zealand through a national project involving five universities responding to a need to prepare graduates for uncertain futures. It draws on a range of theoretical perspectives to identify four summarising shifts in practice to guide academics in their course design and teaching. The chapter begins by describing trends in what and who universities are teaching. A conceptual analysis of selected learning theories is offered and the implications for shifts in practice are captured. The framework aims to support teachers as they shift their mindsets from disciplinary knowledge and traditional age students to generic capabilities development in a more mature and diverse student body. It encourages teachers to deliver aligned curricula that: enthuse learners, enable them to prepare by exploring their learning journey and then to expand and exhibit their capabilities. The academic development strategies adopted to promulgate the framework are described and evaluation outcomes are shared. Finally, the chapter discusses the implications for higher education institutions role in preparing graduates for their futures.
CHAPTER 9: an Exploration of Student Philosophical Literacy in the South African Context
Authors: Coetser Yolandi M. , Du Toit Jean
Published: August 2024

The discipline of philosophy necessitates that budding philosophers learn and enact certain practices. However, while more established philosophers intuitively understand what philosophy is (and, more importantly, how it is practised), it is not always clear that such knowledge is communicated to the students in their classrooms. In this sense, engagement with philosophical disciplinarity often does not explicitly occur pedagogically, and as a result, students might be left to puzzle out the contours of the philosophical endeavour on their own. Concurrently there exists a lacuna, both in terms of philosophical reflection on philosophical disciplinarity and in terms of how such disciplinarity is taught (especially within the South African context). Such reflection is largely absent in both the philosophical and educational literature. This chapter aims to address the gap by means of the reflections of two philosophers from different philosophical traditions on their praxis and possible shortcomings in the philosophical classroom. This chapter takes an autoethnographic methodological approach as a means to share lived experiences in this regard. By engaging explicitly with philosophical disciplinarity from two (often divergent) traditions, this chapter aims to encourage philosophers to think critically about how their disciplinary praxis can and should be communicated explicitly to their students. From their autoethnographic reflections, it becomes apparent that the authors of the current study at times fall short of explicitly engaging with philosophical disciplinarity in their own classrooms, but also that certain corrective avenues are available. By beginning a conversation, this work hopes to ignite a discussion regarding philosophical disciplinarity in South Africa through providing an initial conceptualisation of what this concept may entail.
CHAPTER 11: the Application of the SOLO Taxonomy for Evaluating the Cognitive Levels of Assessment in an Introductory Financial Accounting Module
Authors: von Benecke Gert , van Rooyen Surika
Published: August 2024

There is wide consensus that assessment is critical to the learning process. In terms of introductory financial accounting modules, universities predominantly use the revised Bloom’s taxonomy to demonstrate an approximate cognitive demand level for their financial accounting summative assessments. This process remains largely subjective, since the widespread use of a verb to indicate a Bloom level is not particularly suited to financial accounting, where one verb may imply different levels. This pertinent issue, together with a gap in the literature that addresses the issue, led to the primary objective of this chapter, i.e. to provide a framework for the application of the SOLO taxonomy in evaluating the standard of summative assessment of an introductory professional financial accounting module. The research objectives and data (being financial accounting examinations) led to a methodological choice of mixed-methods research, with the qualitative research design being dominant. The qualitative design type is a document analysis specifically set in an interpretative paradigm, mainly relying on the technique of thematic analysis. The quantitative part of the study (that underpins this chapter), utilises content analysis and basic descriptive statistics as part of an overall pragmatic approach. The results of the study showed that the fundamental concepts of financial accounting (such as recognition, measurement, etc.) as well as the applicable topics (including assets, liabilities, etc.) can be used as a proxy for the cognitive demand induced by the assessment tasks. The combination of these concepts and topics, together with the requirement (or lack thereof) of material relational activity or extended abstract, can then be used to set a SOLO level for an assessment task. The SOLO level of an assessment task may also be materially disrupted (or even set) by the themes of “time allowed”, “layout” or “conventional wisdom”. A framework, which includes examples of assessment tasks as evaluated through the SOLO taxonomy, is given as the final product of the research. This framework will be valuable is enhancing the objectivity of such assessment.
Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Baca Remaja di Perpustakaan Umum
Authors: Fadhilah Nurul
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat baca remaja di perpustakaan umum. Dengan menggabungkan survei dan wawancara kualitatif, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi berbagai aspek yang memengaruhi minat baca remaja, termasuk ketersediaan koleksi buku, kegiatan perpustakaan, dukungan sosial, dan motivasi intrinsik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan koleksi buku yang menarik, program-program perpustakaan yang inovatif, serta dukungan sosial dari keluarga dan teman-teman memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat baca remaja. Selain itu, motivasi intrinsik individu juga memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk minat baca remaja. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa perpustakaan umum perlu mengembangkan strategi yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan minat baca remaja dengan memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang telah diidentifikasi. Dengan demikian, perpustakaan dapat memainkan peran yang lebih aktif dalam mendukung pembangunan literasi di kalangan generasi muda.
Implications of Islamic Inheritance Law for the Ownership of Assets and Management of Family Wealth: An Indonesian Perspective
Authors: Siyamsih Dwi
Published: August 2024

The implementation of Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia faces complex challenges, particularly in the management of family wealth. Despite a strong legal foundation, practices often diverge due to various economic, social, and cultural factors. Factors such as local traditions, diverse religious understandings, and economic conditions influence the application of Islamic inheritance law. This research aims to delve into the implications of Islamic inheritance law on property ownership and family wealth management in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, including literature study and in-depth interviews, the study will analyze factors affecting the implementation of Islamic inheritance law. Thematic analysis will identify patterns and relationships, ensuring a comprehensive understanding. Data validation will ensure reliability. The research intends to contribute to policy development by providing insights into Islamic inheritance law's practical implications, fostering a better understanding of Islamic principles and ensuring fairness in inheritance distribution and wealth management.
Investigating the Impact of Globalization on the Development of Islamic Family Law: A Case Analysis of Modernizing Muslim Countries
Authors: Saputra Luqman
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This research aims to investigate the impact of globalization on the development of Islamic family law in modernizing Muslim countries. Using a qualitative approach and case study analysis, this research explores how globalization affects the legislative process, legal interpretation, court practice, and societal responses to Islamic family law in the context of increasingly complex global dynamics. The results show that globalization has brought significant changes in the paradigm of Islamic family law, with the adoption of more uniform and universal aspects of the law, along with adjustments to global values such as human rights and gender equality. However, this adoption is often at odds with traditional values and local interpretations of Islamic family law. In addition, globalization has also influenced interpretations of Islamic family law, court practices and community responses. There are debates and diverse interpretations of the principles of Islamic family law in the context of modernity and globalization, as well as the influence of globalization on community responses to changes in Islamic family law. The implication of this research is the need for a more flexible and inclusive approach in developing Islamic family law in the era of globalization. Policy recommendations include strengthening dialogue between legal authorities, scholars, and civil society to reach a more inclusive agreement in updating and adapting Islamic family law to diverse global and local values.
Hakikat Metodologi Targhib dan Tarhib
Authors: Muslem Muslem
Published: August 2024

Targhib dan tarhib merupakan metode Qur’ani dalam mendidik manusia dan keduanya selalu diterapkan secara bersamaan. Targhib adalah janji terhadap kesenangan akhirat yang disertai bujukan. Sedangkan tarhib adalah ancaman melalui hukuman yang disebabkan oleh terlaksananya sebuah pelanggaran, kesalahan atau perbuatan dosa yang telah dilarang Allah. Hakikat metode targhib dan tarhib dalam pendidikan Islam bertujuan agar anak didik lebih terdorong untuk melakukan kebaikan, meraih prestasi yang lebih baik, sehingga ia akan lebih tekun, dan gigih dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dan juga aktifitasnya sehari-hari. Sementara hakikat tarhib adalah untuk memperbaiki tabiat dan tingkah laku anak didik untuk mendidiknya ke arah kebaikan sehingga tidak akan mengulangi kesalahan yang sama dan agar bertanggung jawab atas kesalahannya. Implementasi metode targhib dan tarhib dalam pendidikan Islam setidaknya harus memperhatikan tiga teknik yaitu teknik pemberian bimbingan dam ampunan, pemberian motivasi dan peringatan dan pemberiaan anugerah dan hukuman. Metode targhib dan tarhib memiliki keistimewan karena memiliki kedudukan yang teguh, akarnya bersumber dari al-Quran. Di samping itu metode ini juga dapat  memberikan pengaruh yang besar terhadap jiwa anak didik untuk melakukan hal-hal yang positif dan progresif serta mampu menggugah serta mendidik perasaan rabbaniyah; perasaan khauf (takut) kepada Allah, perasaan khusyu’, perasaan cinta, perasaan harap (raja’). Namun metode ini akan memiliki kelemahan apabila dalam aplikasinya berlebihan, dan tidak proporsional seperti berlebihan dalam targhib hanya akan amembangkitkan motivasi ekstrinsik sehingga secara tidak sadar akan memudarkan motivasi intrinsik anak didik. Kadang juga dapat menimbulkan ketidakikhlasan pada diri anak didik terhadap perbuatannya. Sementara berlebihan dalam tarhib akan mengakibatkan anak didik menjadi kebal ancaman, dan tidak mapan lagi baginya.
Efektifitas Pendidikan Dan Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Rumah Sakit Cut Meutia Kabupaten Aceh Utara
Authors: Muhammad Amin Muzakir
Published: August 2024

Rumah sakit merupakan sarana kesehatan yang tidak hanya menyediakan pelayanan kesehatan kuratif dan rehabilitatif sehingga mengesampingkan pelayanan promotif dan preventif. Reformasi suatu sarana kesehatan seperti rumah sakit sangat diperlukan agar bisa dijadikan rumah sakit tersebut sebagai promotor kesehatan. Hal itu tidak menafikan perlu adanya reformasi bidang pendidikan kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kabupaten Aceh Utara sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan kuratif dan rehabilitatif. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang menganalisis kebijakan pendidikan kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Dalam upaya pengumpulan data, penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara, obeservasi dan telaah dokumentasi. Sumber data diperoleh dari informan yang berjumlah sebanyak 8 orang, yang terdiri petugas rumah sakit sebanyak 4 orang, pasien sebanyak 2 orang dan keluarga pasien sebanyak 2 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahka upaya pendidikan kesehatan yang telah dilakukan berupa penyuluhan terhadap individu dan kelompok, penyampaian informasi kesehatan juga telah dilakukan dalam bentuk brosur dan poster. Upaya tersebut dilakukan oleh 20 orang sebagaimana yang telah ditetapkan sebagai tenaga pelaksana pendidikan kesehatan. Terkait anggaran dana, rumah sakit belum menganggarkan dana untuk pendidikan kesehatan secara maksimal, sehingga ditemukan ketersediaan fasilititas ditinjau dari kelengkapannya belum memadai. Namun demikian jika dilihat dari penilaian pasien, pendidikan kesehatan ini belum terlaksana dengan baik karena pasien memilih Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Kabupaten Aceh Utara sebagai tempat pelayanan kesehatan sebagai solusi terakhir ketika tidak ditemukan fasilitas di rumah sakit yang lain.
Peran Orang Tua Dalam Membentuk Karakter Anak Di Gampong Seni Antara Kecamatan Permata Kabupaten Bener Meriah
Authors: Muhammad Basyah Musbani
Published: August 2024

Sebagai lembaga sosial terkecil, keluarga merupakan miniatur masyarakat yang kompleks, karena dimulai dari orang tua seorang anak mengalami proses  sosialisasi. Dalam keluarga, seorang anak belajar bersosialisasi, memahami, menghayati, dan merasakan segala aspek kehidupan yang tercermin dalam kebudayaan. Hal tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai kerangka acuan di setiap tindakannya dalam menjalani kehidupan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang penulis lakukan di Gampong Seni Antara Kecamatan Permata Kabupaten Bener Meriah masih banyak terdapat perilaku anak yang kurang baik seperti egois, nakal dan lain sebagainya, seharusnya orang tua mempunyai peran penting dalam membentuk karakter anaknya agar menjadi lebih baik, hal itu bisa dilakukan dengan memberikan pendidikan agama kepada anak baik di rumah, sekolah dan tempat-tempat pengajian. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, yaitu prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis maupun lisan dari orang-orang yang amati. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah fenomenologis, sedangkan sifat penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa peran orang tua dalam membentuk karakter anak di Gampong Seni Antara Kecamatan Permata Kabupaten Bener Meriah adalah orang tua memberikan pendidikan keteladanan, pendidikan Adat Kebiasaan yang baik, Perhatian  Pengawasan dan Menegur serta Menasehati anak agar karakternya terbentuk sesuai dengan harapan.
Analisis SWOT pada Pemasaran Jasa Syariah di Sekolah TK Khalifah Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Yusniar Yusniar
Published: August 2024

Pemasaran jasa beberapa tahun belakangan ini terus berkembang. Dalam pengertian yang lebih komprehensif pemasaran dapat dipandang sebagai proses menciptakan nilai tambah dan menghantarkannya kepada pemangku kepentingan sehingga pemasaran juga dapat difokuskan kedalam instansi public juga dalam dunia Pendidikan seperti sekolah taman kanak kanak. Maknanya, diperlukan kemampuan mengidentifikasi keinginan dan kebutuhan masyarakat sehingga pengusaha dapat menyusun seperangkat value proposition untuk menjawab tantangan dalam masyarkat. TK dan PG Khalifah didirikan oleh Ippho Santosa,  penulis, penerima penghargaan MURI . Didirikan pada tahun 2007 di Batam di bawah naungan Yayasan Khalifah Generasi Emas. Kemudian  berkembang menjadi 80 cabang di seluruh Indonesia dengan konsep kemitraan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Strategi pemasaran yang diterapkan oleh TK Khalifah dalam bersaing yaitu dengan menggunakan strategi marketing mix 4P, yaitu strategi jasa, strategi harga, strategi tempat, dan strategi promosi.
Fungsi dan Kedudukan Bahasa Inggris Dalam Komunikasi Bisnis
Authors: Saparripin Idris Saparripin Idris
Published: August 2024

Tanpa memandang  perbedaan dalam memandang peran bahasa Inggris, jelas bahwa dalam mengantisipasi era globalisasi dan informasi, fungsi bahasa Inggris (terutrama dalam bisnis) pasti akan menjadi sangat penting. Bahasa Inggris menjadi bahasa asing di Indonesia (Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknology), bahasa Inggris telah memegang peran penting dalam menigkatkan dan mengembangka negara. Perkembangan penggunaan bahasa Inggris di Indonesia tidak akan memberikan dampak negative terhadap pertumbuhan Indonesia sebagaimana bahasa Nasional kita selama bahasa Indonesia tetap menjadi bahasa resmi.  Ketika bahasa Inggris menjadi bahasa komunikasi Internasional bahwa  kebutuhan nyata untuk menguasainya juga menjadi hal yang tidak bisa dihindari. Tanpa penguasaan penuh bahasa Inggris, bahasa Indonesia bisa kehilangan peluang memenangkan persaingan di dunia bisnis lebih khusus lagi di pasar bebas. Untuk mempercepat proses penguasaan bahasa Inggris metode pengajaran bahasa Inggris di semua tingkatan harus dirubah secara drastis.  Pembatasan dalam menggunakan bahasa Inggris untuk komunikasi yang diperlukan, seperti dalam bisnis harus dihindari. Para pengambil kebijakkan bahasa harus membiarkan bahasa Inggris tumbuh dan berkembang secara alami sebagai bahasa komunikasi Internasional, khususnya dalam bisnis dan teknologi).
EFFECT OF HOLDING TIME ON EXTRACTION OF NATURAL HYDROXYAPATITE FROM GOAT BONE WASTE FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Obayi C.S. , Elekwa C.B. , Ugwu O.E.
Published: August 2024

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a very essential biomaterial used in orthopedics and dentistry to support
bone healing processes as it shares chemical similarities with natural human and animal bones.
Extraction of hydroxyapatite has been done both synthetically and naturally from animal bones.
However, extraction of HAP from natural sources is challenged by the appropriate choice of
processing parameters such as holding time and temperature that will enable the production of
hydroxyapatite that meets the standard. This work investigated the influence of varying holding
time on the physico-chemical properties of HAP obtained from goat bone (GB) waste by heat
treatment. GB femur was obtained; washed; dried; pulverized and sieved to obtain GB powder of
≤ 500 µm that was calcined at 900°C and 1000°C and soaked for 1hr., 2 hrs. and 3 hrs. The
composition, structure and morphology of the uncalcined and calcined powders were studied using
Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The FITR result confirmed presence of associated
functional groups consisting of phosphate ions (PO4 3−), hydroxyl ions (OH− ) and carbonate (CO3 2-
) ions in the synthesized HAP, but the phosphate ions (PO4 3−) were most prominent. XRD analysis
revealed similar crystallographic peaks of pure HAP. Increase in holding time led to decrease in
crystallinity. SEM analysis revealed changes in the morphology of the samples with increase in
holding time and temperature due to decomposition of organic compounds in calcined GB. The
surface morphologies became finer with increase in holding time. Thus, holding time is an
important parameter in extraction of HAP from goat bone waste.
CHARACTERIZATION AND MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF EZEAGU IRON ORE, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ocheri C. , Mbah C.N.
Published: August 2024

An investigation was conducted on the characteristics and mineralogical analysis of Ezeagu iron
ore. Ezeagu is situated in the Ezeagu Local Government Area of Enugu State with its
administrative headquarters located in the town of Aguobu-Owa. The characterization and
mineralogical analysis were conducted by utilizing some basic techniques for analysis such
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM attached with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy
(EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier Transformed
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). These analytical techniques were used to determine all the
necessary parameter for this research work. The XRF, XRD, EDX, and FTIR analyses performed
on the iron ore revealed that it is a high-grade, high-silica, and low-alumina ore with a
predominantly hematite mineralogy. The ore's average composition consists of 30.59% SiO2,
2.11% Al2O3, 53.75% Fe2O3, and minor amounts of other oxides. The XRD analysis showed the
presence of other oxides such as TiO2, MnO, MgO, and Na2O in the ore sample. The EDX analysis
indicated that the ore is predominantly composed of iron, with smaller amounts of titanium,
manganese, and silicon. FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as Fe-O, Fe-OH, and
Fe-H bonds, which are typical for iron oxides and hydroxides.
THE MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CERAMIC / METAL INTERFACE
Authors: Chukwu Philomena. I.
Published: August 2024

An admixture consisting of local silica sand, feldspar and some chemical additives was used to produce varied s of glass by conventional smelting procedures.  
These blends of glass with some additives were made into an aqueous slip (slurry) for wet application process. The aqueous slips prepared were applied on OL 140 type of Romanian steel by dipping.  The samples were dried and subsequently enameled in an oven maintained at a range of temperatures of 700  - 900 oC.  Double faced enameled surfaces were thus developed.
A microscopic characterization of the formed enamel / steel composite interface was explored with scanning electron microscope and emission dispersive atomic x – ray.   The SEM revealed a continuous graded interface which made perfect contact with the glass coating and the steel support. Also dendritic networks were evident. EDAX unmasked the slope of the dissolution and diffusion of the iron into the ceramic phase. The ceramic profile is a mirror image of the iron profile. The emission dispersive atomic x – ray, (EDAX) further monitored the elemental distribution and their quantities at the point of bond formation (ceramic – metal interface). Fe and Si were found to be the major components of the interface
THERMODYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF MILD STEEL CORROSION IN AN ENVIRONMENT OF BILBERRY CACTUS PLANT EXTRACTS IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION
Authors: Abdulrahman A. S. , Kobe Ibrahim H. , Aigbodion V. S. , Ganiyu Kareem A. , Awe Caroline .I.
Published: August 2024

The inhibitive action of bilberry cactus plant extracts (BCPE) on mild steel in 1.5 M Hydrochloric acid with
addition of different concentrations (0.1-0.5 g/l) was investigated using weight loss and hydrogen evolution
measurement methods. The inhibitor organic structures were characterized for their functional groups using Gas
Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) and Fourier Transformation InfraRed (FTIR) analyses. The results
revealed that the protective film formed on the surface of mild steel by the adsorption of extracts in 1.5 M HCl
solution obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It was observed from thermodynamic adsorption parameters
(∆????????????????, ∆????????????????, ???????????? ∆????????????????) that the inhibitor adsorbed via physical adsorption and the negative values obtained
indicate exothermic reaction and spontaneous process. Finally, the effect of substituents type in inhibition efficiency
was investigated using Linear Free Energy Relationship (Hammett relationship) and the reaction of adsorption
favored by electron donation of the extract substituent groups.
Imposition Of Criminal Sanctions In The Case Of The Crime Of Child Abuse By A Mother Suffering From Baby Blues Syndrome
Authors: Amalia Kemala Dewi  , Subekti Subekti  , Riska Andi Fitriono
Published: August 2024

The writing of this article aims to analyze postpartum mental health disorders can be categorized as psychiatric disorders for reasons of criminal expungement and analyze the imposition of criminal sanctions in the criminal act of child abuse by mothers who suffer from baby blues syndrome in the Karawang District Court Decision Number 296/Pid.B/2018/PN.Kwg. The type of research used is normative with a statutory approach and a case approach. Based on the results of research conducted by the author, it is obtained that postpartum mental health disorders can basically be used as an excuse for criminal erasure in accordance with the severity experienced. The imposition of imprisonment by the judge in the case of child abuse by a mother with mental health disorder in the verdict was not appropriate because the judge did not pay attention and consider the condition of the perpetrator of the crime who suffered from mental health disorders of a fairly severe type and level.
Social Security Protection Policy: in a Legal Approach
Authors: Fatkhul Muin
Published: August 2024

Paradigam base in frame support effort For create good system​ Social security lies in the commitment of the state within effort follow as well as For create system social security for society , so that you can protected from fundamental problems such as health and social protection of employment . An interesting fact , the existence and position of Indonesia as a developing country , of course need balanced internal state capabilities frame create protection social security for citizen . Law no. Constitution Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 2011 concerning Organizing Bodies Social Security is a basic instrument in effort protection social in in the field of health and employment . Scope​ in guarantee social the in essence become hope in frame create system guarantee good social​ in accordance with mandate the country's constitution concrete instruct to the country for responsible  in frame protection limited every citizen . In study This aim For analyze policy protection guarantee social state with legislative regulatory approach .
Pembinaan Prestasi Sekolah Sepak Bola
Authors: Achmad Afandi  , Winarno Winarno  , Yuskhil Mushofi  , Alfian yahya  , Adi Sucipto  , Ahmad Lani  , Titik Purwati  , Chindy hanggara Rosa Indah
Published: August 2024

Until now, SSB Purwodadi is very burdensome for its owners and administrators because SSB still depends on the owner for its operational costs from SSB students. SSB Purwodadi is located in Purwodadi sub-district, located in Pasuruan district. This Ssb was founded from the awareness of the community around the location and football coaches who want to encourage the realization of positive habit activities in sports, especially football. In children's football, students who were initially physically and healthless through football became physically strong, physically fit, and their confidence and cooperation could be established. As well as spiritual values and honesty will emerge. And for trainers after this service is held, they can train and teach well, correctly and professionally, of course. And hopefully football seeds can be born with a good football magazine and a good training program and there is valid data in the football learning process. And from the student and coach questionnaire survey, we can find out that after doing service, there is a score of 22 out of a total score of 25 scores from 5 questions, which indicates that there is 88% of the total of 100 percent of the overall score and this service has a good impact
Keywords: football school, curriculum, evaluation.
Chatbot Bagi Siswa Program Keahlian Otomatisasi dan Tata Kelola Perkantoran
Authors: Alienra Davry Nanda Kadun MT  , Roland Everson Binur
Published: August 2024

As technology advances, the presence of Artificial Intelligence / AI is no longer inevitable. One of the functions of AI that supports human work is the educational AI. ChatGPT is a conversational AI that forms sentences based on the information given to it. This AI can be used by all groups, especially students when they need instant, systematic and customized information. Office administration students of SMKS YPKP Jayapura are the target group of this community service program. We hoped that students could gain knowledge about ChatGPT, especially we wanted to improve students' skills in using technology.
Penyuluhan Literasi Membaca Menggunakan Media Papan Antonim Pada Siswa Kelas 2 di SDS NU Kencong
Authors: Isnaini Nur Azizah  , Astri Widyaruli Anggraeni
Published: August 2024

This research aims to improve reading literacy using Antonin board media in class 2 of SDS NU Kencong in the 2022/2023 academic year. The method used is to carry out community service through 5 stages, namely observation, formulating problems, creating materials, carrying out counseling and evaluation. As a result of the counseling using antonym board media, students became active and enthusiastic in participating in learning, but there were some students who had difficulty reading due to their lack of familiarity with reading. This antonym board media makes the learning process fun and interesting. This is an innovation to increase students' interest in reading literacy. In the future, it is hoped that there will be further innovation regarding learning media with the target of teachers being able to help students enjoy reading.
Peran Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) Kepuh Dalam Upaya Pelestarian Hutan dan Mata Air Dusun Mendiro
Authors: Rehana Mardatila  , Annisa Andien Armadhani  , Ani Fitri Isnaini  , Angelina Rahmawati  , Anafi Muhammad  , Habib Ahmad  , Muhammad Idhom
Published: August 2024

Conservation is about the balance of nature. Panlungan Village, located in Wonosalam Subdistrict, Jombang Regency, has natural potential in the form of abundant forests and springs. However, illegal logging in 1998 damaged Panlungan's forests, reducing the headwaters of the river and increasing the risk of natural disasters such as landslides. Awareness of the importance of forests as a source of oxygen and habitat for various species prompted the local community to form the Kepu Forest Farmer Group (KTH) which focuses on conserving and planting forests with native plants. The Mendiro Settlement spring in Panlungan Village is the main source of livelihood for the local community, but is under serious threat due to man-made environmental degradation. The Kepuh Forest Farmers Group (KTH) has played an active role in the sustainable management of springs since the 1990s, with a focus on protecting the environment and educating the community about the importance of forest ecosystem conservation. This research shows that active community participation in forest and spring conservation is essential to preserve natural resources in Panlungan village. By strengthening supervision of illegal logging activities, strengthening conservation programs, and raising awareness of the importance of maintaining forest ecosystems, we hope to ensure the survival of future generations and the preservation of clean water sources for the people of Panlungan Village.
Minimalisasi Risiko Operasional dan Risiko Keuangan pada UMKM Kerupuk Tengiri
Authors: Ainiyah Nur , Setiono Hari , Kasnowo  , Ilmiddaviq M. Bahril
Published: August 2024

MSMEs that were once considered economically resilient during times of crisis were found to have a higher vulnerability to experiencing losses than large companies. This vulnerability is due to financial and non-financial constraints. Specifically, these obstacles are classified into operational risk, financial risk, and marketing risk. This activity aims to increase the knowledge and understanding of MSME players regarding HR and financial management to minimize operational and financial risks. This activity uses the methods of Counseling and Education as well as Mentoring and Coaching. The result is that this activity can be carried out successfully. Successful implementation is marked by the division of employee duties so that each employee has their responsibility for a job which can lead to increased employee performance. Apart from that, partners already understand the importance of financial management and its relevance for business development and decision-making. However, partners still do not know how to prepare financial reports by MSME).
Penyuluhan Pentingnya Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) Pada Anak Usia 6-8 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Botania
Authors: Erika Fariningsih  , Yulinda Laska  , Jihan Febiyanti
Published: August 2024

The complementary feeding of breast milk is additional food given to infants after the age of 6 months. Although breast milk is the best food for infants, after the age of >6 months, infants require more vitamins, minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates. The provision of complementary feeding aims to train and familiarize infants to consume foods that contain the nutrients needed by their bodies as they grow older. This community service activity uses a method of health education through providing information to the community about the importance of nutrition for children to prevent stunting, involving the roles of lecturers, health center officials, cadres, and students as responsible parties in community service. There were 17 mothers of toddlers who participated. With the implementation of community education at the integrated health service post (posyandu) regarding complementary feeding of breast milk for infants aged 6-8 months, the community gains a better understanding of the benefits of complementary feeding for infants aged 6-8 months.
Government Interventions in the Domestic Shipping Industry: A Discussion on Market Competition and Maritime Safety
Authors:   Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Francisco Kris
Published: August 2024

The domestic shipping industry has a crucial role in the Philippine economy as it supports domestic trade and provides an affordable means of interisland transfer. However, the industry is riddled with inefficiencies with interrelated consequences such as high cost of shipping, low quality of services, and increased frequency of maritime accidents. The government has implemented policy reforms to improve the industry’s performance by issuing guidelines and regulations to induce market competition, encourage investments, and enhance maritime safety. This study discusses the evolution of policies and examines some market indications of progress vis-à-vis the areas of reform. Overall, it finds some positive developments concerning market competition resulting from the government’s efforts to deregulate the industry. It also observes some indications of increased investments in domestic vessels. However, comparative data reveal that, on average, the country’s shipping vessels remain older and smaller than in other Asian countries. This signifies the need for more intensive strategies to induce modernization of the country’s fleet. In terms of maritime safety, a significant difference in maritime safety indicators is yet to be observed despite government efforts to curtail the frequency of maritime accidents.
What Drives Female Fertility in the Philippines? Evidence from 50 Years of National Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors:   Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Abrigo Michael Ralph , Estopace Katha Ma-i
Published: August 2024

The drivers of the Philippines’ fertility decline over the last fifty years, resulting in a below-replacement 1.9 total fertility rate in 2022, are traced in this study. By employing a modified Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition on the collective experiences of approximately 65,000 married women across six rounds of the Philippine National Demographic (and Health) Survey, it is demonstrated that the most effective contraceptives might not necessarily be linked to delaying marriage or increasing modern contraceptive use. Analyses indicate that the primary driver behind the country’s fertility decline in the last fifty years is the enhancement of material measures of well-being, with marriage and contraceptive usage playing secondary roles. While raising female fertility may be possible, this will not likely go significantly above replacement levels. Population aging is an imminent reality for the Philippines.
From Complaints to Opportunities: Analyzing Grievance Trends and Responsiveness in the 4Ps
Authors:   Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Melad Kris Ann
Published: August 2024

The 4Ps grievance redress system (GRS) is designed to facilitate due process in resolving the concerns and complaints about the program of beneficiary households, program stakeholders, and the general public. As with other social programs globally, the 4Ps GRS serves as a social accountability measure in response to risks of error, fraud, corruption, and leakages due to the intensive requirements and complexity of its operations. This study investigates the 4Ps GRS by analyzing grievance case data from 2010 to 2022. Key patterns and challenges emerged, with a notable increase in grievance volume following procedural guideline upgrades and calamitous events, while cases declined due to malfunctioning Management Information Systems (MIS). Payment-related issues topped grievances in terms of volume, reflecting challenges in cash transfer distribution as expected since the payment of grants is a key feature of a conditional cash transfer. In-person modes dominated grievance filing, emphasizing the importance of direct interaction and capacity building of staff to manage grievances effectively. Grievance resolution rates were generally high, but a decline in 2021-2022 highlighted a need to review procedures. Regression analysis indicated factors influencing timely resolution, including mode of submission and regional disparities. Interviews from previous studies revealed limited beneficiary awareness, cases of delayed resolutions, and a need for better access to case updates. Recommendations include strengthening data management, improving staff capabilities, promoting beneficiary awareness, and implementing regular evaluation and monitoring. These findings underscore the necessity of targeted approaches for grievance resolution in the 4Ps program.