bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
f(R)$f(R)$‐Gravity Generated Post‐Inflationary Eras and Their Effect on Primordial Gravitational Waves
Authors: Oikonomou Vasilis K.
Published: June 2022

In this work the effects of a geometrically generated post‐inflationary era on the energy spectrum of the primordial gravitational waves are considered. Specifically, a post‐inflationary constant equation of state era, generated by the synergistic effect of gravity and of radiation and matter perfect fluids shall be considered. Two cases of interest shall be studied, one with equation of state parameter , in which case the Universe neither accelerates nor decelerates, and one with so an early matter domination era. For the evaluation of the inflationary observational indices which is relevant for the calculation of the gravitational waves energy spectrum, the effects of the constant equation of state parameter era, on the e‐foldings number is also taken into account. In both the and cases, the energy spectrum of the primordial gravitational waves is amplified, but for the case, the effect is stronger.
Biosynthesis of Glidomides and Elucidation of Different Mechanisms for Formation of β‐OH Amino Acid Building Blocks
Authors: Chen Hanna , Zhong Lin , Zhou Haibo , Sun Tao , Zhong Guannan , Tu Qiang , Zhuang Yan , Bai Xianping , Wang Xingyan , Xu Jiaying , Xia Liqiu , Shen Yuemao , Zhang Youming , Bian Xiaoying
Published: June 2022

Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) can incorporate nonproteinogenic amino acids into peptidyl backbones to increase structural diversity. Genome mining of Schlegelella brevitalea led to the identification of a class of linear lipoheptapeptides, glidomides, featuring two unusual residues: threo‐β‐OH‐L‐His and threo‐β‐OH‐D‐Asp. The β‐hydroxylation of Asp and His is catalyzed by the nonheme FeII/α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent β‐hydroxylases GlmD and GlmF, respectively. GlmD independently catalyzes the hydroxylation of L‐Asp to primarily produce threo‐β‐OH‐L‐Asp on the thiolation domain, and then undergoes epimerization to form threo‐β‐OH‐D‐Asp in the final products. However, β‐hydroxylation of His requires the concerted action of GlmF and the interface (I) domain, a novel condensation domain family clade. The key sites of I domain for interaction with GlmF were identified, suggesting that the mechanism for hydroxylation of His depends on the collaboration between hydroxylase and NRPS.
Control of Redox‐Active Ester Reactivity Enables a General Cross‐Electrophile Approach to Access Arylated Strained Rings**
Authors: Salgueiro Daniel C. , Chi Benjamin K. , Guzei Ilia A. , García‐Reynaga Pablo , Weix Daniel J.
Published: June 2022

Strained rings are increasingly important for the design of pharmaceutical candidates, but cross‐coupling of strained rings remains challenging. An attractive, but underdeveloped, approach to diverse functionalized carbocyclic and heterocyclic frameworks containing all‐carbon quaternary centers is the coupling of abundant strained‐ring carboxylic acids with abundant aryl halides. Herein we disclose the development of a nickel‐catalyzed cross‐electrophile approach that couples a variety of strained ringN‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters, derived from the carboxylic acid in one step, with various aryl and heteroaryl halides under reductive conditions. The chemistry is enabled by the discovery of methods to control NHP ester reactivity, by tuning the solvent or using modified NHP esters, and the discovery thatt‐BuBpyCamCN, an L2X ligand, avoids problematic side reactions. This method can be run in flow and in 96‐well plates.
Enhancing the Release Efficiency of a Molecular Chemotherapeutic Prodrug by Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yuan Jie , Zhou Qian‐Hui , Xu Shuai , Zuo Qing‐Ping , Li Wei , Zhang Xing‐Xing , Ren Tian‐Bing , Yuan Lin , Zhang Xiao‐Bing
Published: June 2022

Tumor‐specific, hypoxia‐activated prodrugs have been developed to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy drugs. However, the release efficiency of hypoxia‐activated prodrugs is restricted by the degree of tumor hypoxia, which further leads to poor cancer treatment effects. On the other hand, oxygen is consumed gradually in photodynamic therapy (PDT), which aggravates hypoxia at the tumor site. In this study, we combined hypoxia‐activated prodrugs with PDT agents to promote the prodrugs release, thereby improving their bioavailability and therapeutic effects. As a proof of concept, a mitochondria‐targeted molecular prodrug, CS‐P, was designed and synthesized. It can be selectively activated by tumor hypoxia to release chemotherapeutic drugs and photosensitizers, and then further discharge drugs after light irradiation. The design strategy proposed in this paper provides a new idea for enhancing hypoxia‐activated prodrug release and real‐time monitoring prodrug release.
Recent developments and prospects in the extraction, composition, stability, food applications, and in vitro digestion of plant oil bodies
Authors: Hao Jia , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Qiuyu , Lv Wenwen , Zhang Wenguan , Xu Duoxia
Published: June 2022

Oil bodies (OBs) are micron‐ or submicron‐sized sub‐organelles widely found in plants seeds and nuts. The structure of OBs is composed of a core of neutral lipids covered by a phospholipid‐protein layer, which ensures the stability of OBs under extreme environmental conditions and further protects core lipids as energy reserves. As naturally pre‐emulsified oil‐in‐water emulsions, OBs have been gradually applied to replace synthetically engineered oil droplets. In this paper, the recent research on the extraction, composition, stability, food applications, in vitro digestion, and future perspectives of plant OBs were reviewed. Recent studies have focused on the large‐scale extraction techniques and OBs surface protein identification and function. Electrostatic deposition and viscosity effect of polysaccharides significantly improve the stability of OBs emulsions. OBs have broad application prospects in replacing milk fat droplets, as fat replacers and delivery vehicles, and fabricating emulsion‐gels, oleogels or edible films. Notably, oleosins present a potential allergen risk. OBs are digested slowly, resulting in increased satiety and effectively helping to reduce calorie intake, but this can negatively affect the bioaccessibility of nutritional compounds in OBs. When OB as a delivery vehicle, its natural structure may be disrupted, whereas OBs‐based delivery system facilitates the bioaccessibility of hydrophobic active compounds.
Emerging Approaches for Enabling RNAi Therapeutics
Authors: Mallick Argha M. , Tripathi Archana , Mishra Sukumar , Mukherjee Asmita , Dutta Chiranjit , Chatterjee Ananya , Sinha Roy Rituparna
Published: June 2022

RNA interference (RNAi) is a primitive evolutionary mechanism developed to escape incorporation of foreign genetic material. siRNA has been instrumental in achieving the therapeutic potential of RNAi by theoretically silencing any gene of interest in a reversible and sequence‐specific manner. Extrinsically administered siRNA generally needs a delivery vehicle to span across different physiological barriers and load into the RISC complex in the cytoplasm in its functional form to show its efficacy. This review discusses the designing principles and examples of different classes of delivery vehicles that have proved to be efficient in RNAi therapeutics. We also briefly discuss the role of RNAi therapeutics in genetic and rare diseases, epigenetic modifications, immunomodulation and combination modality to inch closer in creating a personalized therapy for metastatic cancer. At the end, we present, strategies and look into the opportunities to develop efficient delivery vehicles for RNAi which can be translated into clinics.
A novel red phosphor Ca2YNbO6:Eu3+ for WLEDs
Authors: Shi Youzhen , Cui Ruirui , Gong Xinyong , Deng Chaoyong
Published: June 2022

Due to the advantages of good physicochemical properties, thermal stability, and optical properties, double perovskite compounds have received extensive attention. On this basis, a new type of red phosphor, Ca2YNbO6:xEu3+, was synthesized using a high‐temperature solid‐phase method. Its phase purity, morphology, elemental composition, absorption spectrum, photoluminescence, thermal stability, and Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates were thoroughly investigated. The results display that there is no impurity phase in the samples and the convergence factor Rwp = 14.2%; the microscopic particles are uniform and full, and the distribution of each element is uniform. The energy band gap ΔE is between 3.71 eV and 3.65 eV. The luminescence intensity is the best when the doped Eu3+ concentration x reaches 0.4, and emits 612 nm red light (5D0→7F2) under 465 nm excitation, and the concentration quenching is attributed to a d–d interaction. The luminescence intensity at 425 K was still 75% of the room temperature luminescence intensity, which indicates that the thermal stability is extremely superior. The CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.6534, 0.3455) of the Ca2YNbO6:0.4Eu3+ phosphors are very close to National Television Standards Committee (0.670, 0.330), and the samples have low correlated colour temperature (2656 K) and high colour purity (99.90%). All findings suggest that Ca2YNbO6:Eu3+ can serve as a substitute for red phosphor in WLEDs.
Synthesis of single‐chain antibody fragment fused to the elastin‐like polypeptide in Nicotiana benthamiana and its application in affinity precipitation of difficult to produce proteins
Authors: Marín Viegas Vanesa S. , Ocampo Carolina G. , Restucci Fernando E. , Vignolles Florencia , Mazzini Flavia N. , Candreva Ángela M. , Petruccelli Silvana
Published: June 2022

Plants are economical and sustainable factories for the production of recombinant proteins. Currently, numerous proteins produced using different plant‐based systems with applications as cosmetic and tissue culture ingredients, research and diagnostic reagents, and industrial enzymes are marketed worldwide. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of a plant‐based system to synthesize a single‐chain antibody (scFv)—elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP) fusion to be applied as an affinity precipitation reagent of the difficult to produce recombinant proteins. We used the human tissue transglutaminase (TG2), the main celiac disease autoantigen, as a proof of concept. We cloned a TG2‐specific scFv and fused it to a short hydrophobic ELP tag. The anti‐TG2‐scFv‐ELP was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana and was efficiently recovered by an inverse transition cycling procedure improved by coaggregation with bacteria‐made free ELP. Finally, the scFv‐ELP was used to purify both plant‐synthesized human TG2 and also Caco‐2‐TG2. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time the usefulness of a plant‐based expression system to produce an antibody‐ELP fusion designed for the purification of low‐yield proteins.
Interactive effects of brand reputation and ESG on green bond issues: A sustainable development perspective
Authors: Cheng Louis T. W. , Sharma Piyush , Broadstock David C.
Published: June 2022

This paper shows that brand reputation alone may not be sufficient to help firms successfully issue green bonds and that they may need superior corporate social responsibility performance in the form of high ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) scores to unlock the full potential of their brand reputation. Using a sample of 338 international green bond issues across 108 unique firms, we found significant positive effects of ESG disclosure score and its interaction brand reputation on the issuance of green bonds while controlling for other variables, such as fixed effects of industry, region, and time. We also show that it is the S (Social) component of ESG and the interactions of its E (Environmental) and G (Governance) components with brand reputation which drive successful green bond issuance. Besides extending the current research on the impact of brand reputation and ESG on green bonds, these results also have important managerial implications for analysts, fund managers, and firms planning to raise green capital.
Microneedles loaded with glutathione‐scavenging composites for nitric oxide enhanced photodynamic therapy of melanoma
Authors: Jia Fan , Yu Weijiang , Li Xinfang , Chen Yonghang , Wang Youxiang , Ji Jian
Published: June 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an attractive promising route for melanoma treatment. However, its therapeutic efficacy is compromised by inefficient drug delivery and high glutathione (GSH) levels in cancer cells. To overcome these challenges, microneedles (MNs) system loaded with GSH‐scavenging nanocomposites was presented for nitric oxide (NO) enhanced PDT. The nanocomposites consisted of S‐nitroso‐N‐acrylate penicillamine (SNAP; a NO donor) grafted fourth‐generation polyamide amine dendrimer (G4) and chlorin e6 (Ce6). Upon local insertion of polyvinylpyrrolidone MNs, G4‐SNAP/Ce6 composites were fast delivered and significantly amplified the therapeutic effects during PDT, via GSH depletion and reactive nitrogen species generation. Even with a single administration and low power light exposure, MNs with G4‐SNAP/Ce6 effectively halt the tumor progression. The system demonstrated better cancer ablation efficacy than Ce6 alone toward melanoma. The strategy may inspire new ideas for future PDT‐related therapy for skin tumors.
Proposal of an automated tumor‐stromal ratio assessment algorithm and a nomogram for prognosis in early‐stage invasive breast cancer
Authors: Xu Qian , Chen Yuan‐Yuan , Luo Ying‐Hao , Zheng Jin‐Sen , Lin Zai‐Huan , Xiong Bin , Wang Lin‐Wei
Published: June 2022

Background

The tumor‐stromal ratio (TSR) has been verified to be a prognostic factor in many solid tumors. In most studies, it was manually assessed on routinely stained H&E slides. This study aimed to assess the TSR using image analysis algorithms developed by the Qupath software, and integrate the TSR into a nomogram for prediction of the survival in invasive breast cancer (BC) patients.

Methods

A modified TSR assessment algorithm based on the recognition of tumor and stroma tissues was developed using the Qupath software. The TSR of 234 invasive BC specimens in H&E‐stained tissue microarrays (TMAs) were assessed with the algorithm and categorized as stroma‐low or stroma‐high. The consistency of TSR estimation between Qupath prediction and pathologist annotation was analyzed. Univariable and multivariable analyses were applied to select potential risk factors and a nomogram for predicting survival in invasive BC patients was constructed and validated. An extra TMA containing 110 specimens was obtained to validate the conclusion as an independent cohort.

Results

In the discovery cohort, stroma‐low and stroma‐high were identified in 43.6% and 56.4% cases, respectively. Good concordance was observed between the pathologist annotated and Qupath predicted TSR. The Kaplan–Meier curve showed that stroma‐high patients were associated with worse 5‐DFS compared to stroma‐low patients (p = 0.007). Multivariable analysis identified age, T stage, N status, histological grade, ER status, HER‐2 gene, and TSR as potential risk predictors, which were included in the nomogram. The nomogram was well calibrated and showed a favorable predictive value for the recurrence of BC. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the nomogram had a better risk stratification capability than the TNM staging system. In the external validation of the nomogram, the results were further validated.

Conclusions

Based on H&E‐stained TMAs, this study successfully developed image analysis algorithms for TSR assessment and constructed a nomogram for predicting survival in invasive BC.
Work‐life balance and burnout in financial planning profession
Authors: Sunder Aman , Lehman Jennifer , Henderson Rebecca
Published: June 2022

This study examines the work environment outcomes in the financial planning profession, job‐related burnout, and work‐life balance satisfaction, using a convenience sample of survey respondents employed in the financial planning profession. The study compares subgroups based on gender, job role, firm size, and their CFP® certification controlling for relevant factors such as type of industry, weekly working hours, work‐life conflict, the flexibility provided by the employer, and demographics. Results indicated that the women in smaller firms are more satisfied with work‐life balance. In general, smaller firm sizes are associated with lower personal accomplishment, higher satisfaction from work‐life balance, and lower impersonal response toward clients measured by Depersonalization scores of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). MBI Depersonalization scores are higher for CEOs and owners of the firms. In addition, the CFP® certification is associated with greater satisfaction from work‐life balance. The results build on previous research to provide insight into aspects that can improve participation in the profession. Future research should find ways to attract diverse participants to improve success and satisfaction outcomes for all professionals and firm sizes.
Superacid‐Mediated Late‐Stage Aromatic Polydeuteration of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Appert Emeline , Martin‐Mingot Agnès , Karam Omar , Zunino Fabien , Michelet Bastien , Bouazza Fodil , Thibaudeau Sébastien
Published: June 2022

The field of medicinal chemistry is currently witnessing a deuterium rush owing to the remarkable properties of this element as bioisoster of hydrogen atom. Aromatic hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) is one of the most studied strategies nowadays as it promises to access deuterium‐modified drugs directly from their non‐labeled parents. While most of the recent studies focus on metal‐catalyzed C−H activation strategy, the use of superacidic conditions has been largely overlooked. This study shows that the use of TfOD as reaction medium allows the late‐stage polydeuteration of a broad library of pharmaceuticals bearing a wide array of functional groups, complementing existing procedures.
Global trends in oncology research: A mixed‐methods study of publications and clinical trials from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Akiki Vincent , Troussard Xavier , Metges Jean‐Philippe , Devos Patrick
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the cancer research effort of some major countries over two 5‐year periods (2010–2014 and 2015–2019) on the basis of scientific publications and interventional clinical trial metrics and to analyze the relationship between research effort and cancer burden (incidence and mortality).

Materials and Methods

Clinical trials were extracted from ClinicalTrials.gov using a specific query. Publications were identified in Web of Science (WoS) using a query based on keywords and were then analyzed using InCites, a bibliometric tool. Bibliometric indicators were computed per country and per period.

Results

During 2010–2019, 1 120 821 cancer‐related publications were identified in WoS, with 447 900 and 672 921 (+50%) articles respectively published in 2010–2014 and 2015–2019. Meanwhile, 38% and 7% of the articles were published in oncology and cell biology journals, respectively. Exactly 30% of the published articles were contributed by the USA. In the study period, China strongly increased its production and overspecialization. Apart from China, which had a low normalized citation impact (NCI), almost all countries increased their NCIs; in particular, France's NCI increased from 1.69 to 2.44. As for clinical trials, over 36 856 were opened worldwide during that period. Over 17 000 (46.5%) opened in the USA, which remained the leader during the study period. China ranked second worldwide in terms of the number of open trials in 2015–2019. Results revealed that the 17 cancer localizations versus cancer burden and research effort showed no evident relationship.

Conclusion

The results may provide a scientific basis for decision making for continued research. Based on bibliometric data, this type of study will aid public health policymaking and lead to a more transparent public fund allocation.
Web API recommendation via combining graph attention representation and deep factorization machines quality prediction
Authors: Cao Buqing , Peng Mi , Qing Yueying , Liu Jianxun , Kang Guosheng , Li Bing , Fletcher Kenneth K.
Published: June 2022

As more and more companies and organizations encapsulate and publish their business data or resources to the Internet in the form of APIs, the number of web APIs has grown exponentially. For this reason, it has become challenging to quickly and effectively find web APIs from such a large‐scale web API collection, which meet the requirements of mashup developers. To this end, this article focuses on recommending suitable web APIs to build high‐quality mashups by classifying and integrating content‐oriented service functionality with service invocation prediction. The proposed web API recommendation method for mashup development uses graph attention representation and DeepFM quality prediction. First, it uses the web API composition and shared annotation relationships to construct a web API relationship network. Second, it applies the self‐attention mechanism to compute the attention coefficients of different neighboring nodes in the web API relationship network. So, for a specific web API node, the weighted sum of the importance of its neighboring nodes and features characterizes that web API node. Doing so ensures that the service can be divided more accurately into different functional clusters via high‐quality characterization. Third, for the web APIs in a cluster, the high‐quality representation results are combined with multidimensional quality of service attributes. It employs the DeepFM to model and mine complex interaction relationships between features and subsequently predict and rank the invocation scores of web APIs. Finally, experiments are compared and analyzed on real‐world web API datasets. It can be seen from the results of several groups of comparative experiments that the proposed method outperforms other nine baseline methods on accuracy, recall, F1, DCG, and AUC and achieved a good classification accuracy and recommendation effect.
Safe and secured routing using multi‐objective fractional artificial lion algorithm in WSN
Authors: Suman Prakash Perumalla , Kavitha Dwaram , Chenna Reddy Pakanati
Published: June 2022

The routing process in WSN needs to be more secure and safe, thus a secure routing process is carried out in this research, where the source node transmits packet simultaneously to destination. WSN nodes are simulated initially, and then the optimal cluster head (CH) from the entire nodes are selected. Here, CH selection is done with the developed Fractional Artificial Lion algorithm (FAL) method. The proposed FAL approach is introduced by combining fractional Calculus, Lion Optimization Algorithm (LOA), and the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC). Moreover, the fitness parameters, like delay, energy, distance, and link lifetime (LLT) where the minimal distance is chosen as the best path. Consequently, route maintenance is done after the secure routing. Moreover, the performance of devised FAL is compared with various performance metrics, like several alive nodes, energy, distance, and throughput. The developed FAL approach obtains a maximal alive node of 45, a minimal distance of 9.29 m, maximal energy of 0.14 J, and maximal throughput of 92.25%.
Analysis of electricity consumption behaviors based on principal component analysis and density peak clustering
Authors: Yang Qin , Yin Shihao , Li Qingpeng , Li Yongping
Published: June 2022

Analysis of electricity consumption behaviors lays the foundation for power grid planning, demand‐side response, electricity pricing, and energy efficiency improvement. In this study, we used the principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of electricity load data and used the density peak clustering algorithm based on K‐nearest neighbors and shared nearest neighbor similarity (DPC‐KS) for cluster analysis of load profiles so as to obtain the electricity consumption behaviors of customers. In DPC‐KS, the local density was defined by integrating the idea of K‐nearest neighbors to find the density peaks, which promoted the accuracy of the cluster centers found. Also, a sample similarity measure criterion of shared nearest neighbor similarity was defined, a sample similarity matrix was built, and the samples were allocated accordingly, which enables a more accurate allocation of the remaining samples. Additionally, PCA and DPC‐KS were used to conduct cluster analysis for the electricity load data of 315 dedicated substation customers in a region, and four types of electricity consumption behaviors were obtained and analyzed. The experiments validated the effectiveness of DPC‐KS, and DPC‐KS provided technical support for intelligent decision‐making in the power grid.
Advanced sliding mode speed observer with compensated stray‐load and iron losses for a stand‐alone wind turbine‐driven induction generator
Authors: Aberbour Adel , Bašić Mateo , Vukadinović Dinko
Published: June 2022

Model‐based speed estimation schemes in sensorless field‐oriented control (FOC) of induction machines (IMs) are designed on the basis of a corresponding mathematical model. Thus, a reliable and robust sensorless controller requires using a more detailed IM model. The omission of nonlinear phenomena in real‐time application, such as magnetic saturation, iron losses, and stray‐load losses, certainly leads to inaccuracy in the estimated speed due to the existence of the mentioned phenomena in the IM. In this context, we address here the problem of neglecting the stray‐load and iron losses in a model‐based speed observer, synthesized by means of sliding mode theory, and we evaluate the impact of this omission on the execution of the utilized FOC and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm applied for a stand‐alone wind energy conversion system (WECS). The performance of the proposed sliding mode speed observer (SMSO), derived from the IM model including the above mentioned nonlinear phenomena, is experimentally evaluated over wide ranges of wind speed and IM magnetizing flux. It is also compared with the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) speed estimator, which is derived from the same IM model, as well as to the simplified SMSO, designed based on the IM model without stray‐load and iron losses. The obtained results show that the proposed SMSO has greater robustness with respect to abrupt variations of the rotor flux in comparison with the MRAS speed estimator, whereas it ensures significantly more stable operation and lower speed estimation error in comparison with the simplified SMSO.
Model predictive sliding mode control of six‐phase induction motor using nine‐switch converter
Authors: Gulbudak Ozan , Gokdag Mustafa , Komurcugil Hasan
Published: June 2022

This article proposes a new control strategy to regulate the six‐phase induction machine fed by a nine‐switch converter. The traditional model predictive control method is a favorable feedback control routine in variable‐drive applications. However, the lack of the term that assess the closed‐loop stability in the conventional cost function formulation may cause potential closed‐loop instability and be incapable of tolerating the parameter mismatch. Furthermore, the conventional model predictive control formulation cannot ensure global optimality in case of deviation from the nominal operating point. In this paper, the closed‐loop stability is enhanced by including a sliding mode stability term in the objective function. The traditional cost function is redeveloped as a sliding mode control stability term, and the selection of the control input that satisfies the closed‐loop loop stability condition is ensured. The robustness performance of the system is improved, and a better steady‐state performance is achieved. The proposed control strategy is proved using a hardware setup including a six‐phase 30° spatially shifted induction motor and nine‐switch converter prototype. The experimental results demonstrate that a secured six‐phase induction motor operation is guaranteed while improving the closed‐loop robustness.
A novel optimized resource management model for software defined future mobile networks
Authors: A Sureshkumar , D Surendran
Published: June 2022

Extreme densities are an important factor in future mobile networks that can provide very high data rate to mobile users. It also increases complexity in handover decisions and resource management. However, SDNs (software‐defined networks) and mobility models can provide seamless mobility and efficient resource management in heterogeneous mobile environment, and ensure QoS (quality of service) is achieved. The paper proposes SDN based on GMM (Group Mobility Model) called MoMo, and resource management using MLOAs (mutation lion optimization algorithms) are used to alleviate handover and addressing issues in network congestion. The proposed method is based on SDN controllers working in global perspectives for achieving required network conditions and end user QoSs. SDN with GMM‐MoMo‐MLOA offer transparent and dynamic support for sessions during handoffs and thus eliminates congestion overheads and packet losses related to mobile traffic, resulting in improved QoS for mobile users. The performance analysis through experiments depicts that the proposed model gives enhanced performance when compared to that of the other conventional methods and also has proven efficiency in terms of other parameters such as handover latency, signaling cost, throughput, and packet loss. The results from the simulation show that the proposed method SDN‐GMM‐MoMo‐MLOA greatly improves the performance of network and also maintains optimum resource utilization and efficiency.
Multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae in yellow‐legged gull chicks in their first weeks of life
Authors: Vittecoq Marion , Brazier Lionel , Elguero Eric , Bravo Ignacio G. , Renaud Nicolas , Manzano‐Marín Alejandro , Prugnolle Franck , Godreuil Sylvain , Blanchon Thomas , Roux François , Durand Patrick , Renaud François , Thomas Frédéric
Published: June 2022

Wild animal species living in anthropogenic areas are commonly carriers of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria (AMRB), but their role in the epidemiology of these bacteria is unclear. Several studies on AMRB in wildlife have been cross‐sectional in design and sampled individual animals at only one point in time. To further understand the role of wildlife in maintaining and potentially transmitting these bacteria to humans and livestock, longitudinal studies are needed in which samples are collected from individual animals over multiple time periods. In Europe, free‐ranging yellow‐legged gulls (Larus michahellis) commonly live in industrialized areas, forage in landfills, and have been found to carry AMRB in their feces. Using bacterial metagenomics and antimicrobial resistance characterization, we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of AMRB in a nesting colony of yellow‐legged gulls from an industrialized area in southern France. We collected 54 cloacal swabs from 31 yellow‐legged gull chicks in 20 nests on three dates in 2016. We found that AMRB in chicks increased over time and was not spatially structured within the gull colony. This study highlights the complex occurrence of AMRB in a free‐ranging wildlife species and contributes to our understanding of the public health risks and implications associated with ARMB‐carrying gulls living in anthropogenic areas.
Thermobiological effects of temperature‐induced color variations inAglais urticae(Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
Authors: Markl Gregor , Ottmann Shannon , Haasis Tobias , Budach Daniela , Krais Stefanie , Köhler Heinz‐R.
Published: June 2022

Coloration of animals is important for camouflage, for social behavior, or for physiological fitness. This study investigates the color variation in adults ofAglais urticaeobtained on subjecting some pre‐imaginal stages to different temperature conditions and their thermobiological consequences. To investigate the evolutionary–ecological interactions of temperature and pigmentation in butterflies, caterpillars, and pupae of the small tortoiseshell,Aglais urticae(Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), larvae from Central Europe and Scandinavia were reared at temperatures between 7 and 34°C in the laboratory or in the field. After emergence, the intensity of pigmentation of the imagines and their increase in body temperature under defined full‐spectrum light irradiation were quantified by image analysis and thermal imaging. At constant conditions, ambient rearing temperature and pigmentation intensity of imagines were negatively and linearly correlated in Central European butterflies, regardless of whether the pupal stage alone or, additionally, the last period of the larval stage was exposed to these conditions: low temperatures induced darker coloration and high temperatures led to lighter individuals. A thermal pulse of a few days alone at the beginning of pupal dormancy led to a similar, albeit weakened, effect. Caterpillars of the Scandinavian subspeciesA.urticae polaris, whose pupal dormancy took place under Central European field conditions, developed into strongly pigmented imagines. The thermobiological relevance of more intense pigmentation was shown by significantly higher absorption of light, and thus stronger increased body temperature after 5 min of defined illumination, but this difference ceased after 15 min. Our results show that phenotypic plasticity in wing coloration is adaptive since temperature‐induced developmental changes provide thermobiological benefit in adult butterflies. We propose that, in subpolar latitudes, darker coloration likely has a selection advantage favoring individuals with reaction norms gradually shifted to stronger pigmented phenotypes, possibly leading to the establishment of a pigmentation cline.
Short‐term effects of summer warming on caribou forage quality are mitigated by long‐term warming
Authors: Leffler A. Joshua , Becker Heidi A. , Kelsey Katharine C. , Spalinger Donald A. , Welker Jeffrey M.
Published: June 2022

Rapid Arctic climate change is leading to woody plant‐dominated ecosystems with potential consequences for caribou foraging and nutritional ecology. While warming has been clearly linked to shrub expansion, the influence of higher temperatures on variables linked to the leaf‐level quality of caribou forage is equivocal. Moreover, warming results in a complex set of ecosystem changes that operate on different timescales such as not only rapidly accelerating phenology, but also slowly increasing thaw depth and plant access to soil resources. Here, we compare changes in leaf nitrogen (N) concentration, digestibility, and protein‐precipitating capacity (PPC) in short‐term (i.e., <1–2 summers) and long‐term (approximately 25 years) experimental warming plots with ambient temperature plots for three species commonly included in caribou summer diets:Salix pulchra(diamond‐leaf willow),Betula nana(dwarf birch), andEriophorum vaginatum(cottongrass). Short‐term warming modestly decreased leaf N concentration inB. nana.Long‐term and short‐term warming slightly increased the digestibility ofS. pulchra, but only short‐term warming increased digestibility inB. nana. Greater dry matter digestibility in both shrubs occurred through reductions in the lignin and cutin quantity in plant cells. Long‐term warming had no impact on PPC and equivocal impact on digestible protein ofB. nana. Overall, we found short‐term warming to be more impactful on forage quality than long‐term warming at Toolik Lake, Alaska. Apart from a long‐term warming reduction of approximately 13% in acid detergent lignin inS. pulchraandB. nana, other differences were only observed in the short‐term warming plots. Hence, our results indicate acclimation of plants to long‐term warming or possible negative feedback in the system to reduce warming effects. We suggest that warming summers may have a lesser effect on caribou forage than changes in winter precipitation or the influence of climate change on the abundance of critical species in the caribou diet.
Encapsulation of phenolic acids into cyclodextrins: A global statistical analysis of the effects of pH, temperature and concentrations on binding constants measured by ACE methods
Authors: Aksamija Amra , Tomao Valérie , Dangles Olivier , Plasson Raphaël
Published: June 2022

Affinity capillary electrophoresis was used for the simultaneous measurement of the pKa values and of the binding constants relative to the encapsulation of naturally occurring phenolic acids (rosmarinic and caffeic acids) with cyclodextrins. A thorough study as a function of pH and temperature was coupled to a detailed statistical analysis of the resulting experimental data. A step‐by‐step curve fitting process was sufficient for obtaining individual binding constant for each experimental condition, but the influence of temperature remained unclear. A quantitative and qualitative gain was then obtained by supplementing this initial analysis with global multiparameter optimization. This leads to the estimation of both entropy and enthalpy of reaction and to the full description of the binding reactions as a function of pH and temperature. The encapsulation was shown to be very sensitive to pH and temperature, with optimal complexation occurring at low pH and low temperature, gaining up to a factor of 3 by cooling from 36 to 15°C, and up to a factor of 10 by lowering the pH from 7 to 2.
Recent advances in microchip electrophoresis for analysis of pathogenic bacteria and viruses
Authors: Zeid Abdallah M. , Abdussalam Abubakar , Hanif Saima , Anjum Saima , Lou Baohua , Xu Guobao
Published: June 2022

Life‐threatening diseases, such as hepatitis B, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and COVID‐19, are widespread due to pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Therefore, the development of highly sensitive, rapid, portable, cost‐effective, and selective methods for the analysis of such microorganisms is a great challenge. Microchip electrophoresis (ME) has been widely used in recent years for the analysis of bacterial and viral pathogens in biological and environmental samples owing to its portability, simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, and rapid analysis. However, microbial enrichment and purification are critical steps for accurate and sensitive analysis of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in complex matrices. Therefore, we first discussed the advances in the sample preparation technologies associated with the accurate analysis of such microorganisms, especially the on‐chip microfluidic‐based sample preparations such as dielectrophoresis and microfluidic membrane filtration. Thereafter, we focused on the recent advances in the lab‐on‐a‐chip electrophoretic analysis of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in different complex matrices. As the microbial analysis is mainly based on the analysis of nucleic acid of the microorganism, the integration of nucleic acid‐based amplification techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR, and multiplex PCR with ME will result in an accurate and sensitive analysis of microbial pathogens. Such analyses are very important for the point‐of‐care diagnosis of various infectious diseases.
Electrochemical study of LaGaO3 as novel electrode material of hydrogen battery (Ni/MH)
Authors: Tliha Mohamed , Kaabi Abbes , Khaldi Chokri , Dhahri Abdessalem , Fenineche Nouredine , ElKedim Omar , Lamloumi Jilani
Published: June 2022

The physico‐chemical performance of the novel anode LaGaO3 for Ni/MH accumulators was studied using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method during cycling. The measured EIS data of the perovskite oxide are fitted according to the proposed equivalent circuit representing various processes involved in the mechanism of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions of the oxide. Different kinetic elements such as current density , charge transfer resistance , hydrogen transfer resistance , double layer capacitance , and mass hydrogen diffusion were estimated under cycling. The EIS results relieved that current density of the oxide increases quickly during the activation process and its maximum value is obtained at the second cycle (377.67 mA g−1). The degradation of the charge transfer rate of the oxide after activation can be ascribed to the corrosion of the electrode/electrolyte interface. The variation of the Warburg impedance could be attributed to the change in the morphological and the structure of the working electrode over cycling. The EIS analysis relieved that electrochemical behavior of the oxide is controlled by the charge‐transfer rate and the modification of the electrode surface.
Esterified Lignin from Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) as a Versatile Additive for Polylactic‐Acid (PLA) Composites—The Effect of Artificial Weathering on its Performance
Authors: Anugwom Ikenna , Lahtela Ville , Hedenström Mattias , Kiljunen Samantha , Kärki Timo , Kallioinen‐Mänttäri Mari
Published: June 2022

Demand for sustainable packaging and building materials has increased the need for biobased additives. Biocomposites can often be exposed to different weather conditions and UV irradiation. Thus, additives to prevent the negative impact of weathering are generally added to composites. This study aims to evaluate using esterified lignin as an additive against weathering effects in polylactic‐acid (PLA) composites. Lignin is extracted from construction and demolition waste (CDW) wood using a deep eutectic solvent then esterified and tested as an additive in the fabrication of bio‐based composites. For comparison, lignin from birch is used as a raw material for an additive. Esterification is confirmed by solid‐state NMR analysis. Samples are exposed to artificial weathering for 700 hours and their impact strength and color change properties are measured. The results indicate that esterified lignin from CDW (CDW e‐lignin) as an additive protects the biocomposite from the weathering impact. The sample containing the CDW e‐lignin as an additive suffers only a 4.3% of reduction of impact strength, while the samples that contain commercial additives lose clearly more of their impact strength (from 23.1% to 61.1%). Based on the results CDW e‐lignin is a good additive to prevent weathering. As a conclusion, the esterified lignin from CDW, is a versatile additive for composite production.
Deformation history of the Feidong Segment of the Tan–Lu Fault zone in the Early Cretaceous: Implications for the tectonic evolution in eastern China
Authors: Chen Shouwen , Li Jiahao , Yuan Feng , Deng Yufeng , Zhang Dayu , Li Xiaohui , Jiang Ren
Published: June 2022

The Tan–Lu Fault zone (TLFZ) is the largest fault zone in eastern China and a typical and representative structure of the Circum–Pacific tectonic domain. The Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the TLFZ is greatly significant, since it revealed the Jurassic–Cretaceous tectonic evolution of eastern China and the subduction history of the Palaeo–Pacific Plate. However, its tectonic evolution in the Early Cretaceous remains controversial. Based on geological mapping, microstructural analysis, and LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating, we constrained the deformation history of the Feidong Segment of the TLFZ in the Early Cretaceous. Results showed that the Feidong Segment of the TLFZ experienced a strong sinistral strike–slip movement at the beginning of the Early Cretaceous (~143 Ma); it was subsequently subjected to normal faulting during the Early Cretaceous (135–102 Ma), which controlled the strong magmatic activities within the Feidong area. At the end of the Early Cretaceous (~100 Ma), a weak sinistral strike–slip movement occurred again along the TLFZ. The deformation temperatures of the two sinistral strike–slip shearing stages were 500–550°C and 400–450°C, respectively. The regional comparison indicated that the Early Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the TLFZ was actually the epitome of the contemporaneous tectonic evolution of eastern China and was the result of strain localization in the Cretaceous tectonic framework of eastern China.
Macrophage‐derived MLKL in alcohol‐associated liver disease: Regulation of phagocytosis
Authors: Wu Xiaoqin , Fan Xiude , McMullen Megan R. , Miyata Tatsunori , Kim Adam , Pathak Vai , Wu Jianguo , Day Le Z. , Hardesty Josiah E. , Welch Nicole , Dasarathy Jaividhya , Allende Daniela S. , McCullough Arthur J. , Jacobs Jon M. , Rotroff Daniel M. , Dasarathy Srinivasan , Nagy Laura E.
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims:

Mixed lineage kinase domain‐like pseudokinase (MLKL), a key terminal effector of necroptosis, also plays a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking that is critical for regulating liver inflammation and injury in alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD). Although receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (Rip3)

−/−
mice are completely protected from ethanol‐induced liver injury, Mlkl

−/−
mice are only partially protected. Therefore, we hypothesized that cell‐specific functions of MLKL may contribute to ethanol‐induced injury.

Approach and Results:

Bone marrow transplants between Mlkl

−/−
mice and littermates were conducted to distinguish the role of myeloid versus nonmyeloid Mlkl in the Gao‐binge model of ALD. Ethanol‐induced hepatic injury, steatosis, and inflammation were exacerbated in Mlkl

−/−
→wild‐type (WT) mice, whereas Mlkl deficiency in nonmyeloid cells (WT→Mlkl

−/−
) had no effect on Gao‐binge ethanol‐induced injury. Importantly, Mlkl deficiency in myeloid cells exacerbated ethanol‐mediated bacterial burden and accumulation of immune cells in livers. Mechanistically, challenging macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1–mediated expression and phosphorylation of MLKL, as well as translocation and oligomerization of MLKL to intracellular compartments, including phagosomes and lysosomes but not plasma membrane. Importantly, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of MLKL suppressed the phagocytic capability of primary mouse Kupffer cells (KCs) at baseline and in response to LPS with/without ethanol as well as peripheral monocytes isolated from both healthy controls and patients with alcohol‐associated hepatitis. Further, in vivo studies revealed that KCs of Mlkl

−/−
mice phagocytosed fewer bioparticles than KCs of WT mice.

Conclusion:

Together, these data indicate that myeloid MLKL restricts ethanol‐induced liver inflammation and injury by regulating hepatic immune cell homeostasis and macrophage phagocytosis.