bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A missed Nobel: Dr Subhas Mukhopadhyay (1931–1981), the Father of Indian IVF
Authors: Khastgir Gaurav , Khastgir Gautam
Published: August 2024

The Indian journey of assisted reproductive therapy began in Calcutta on 3 October 1978, when Dr Subhas Mukhopadhyay discovered the technique of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) only 67 days following the birth of the world's first IVF baby, Louise Brown in the United Kingdom by Edwards and Steptoe. While Edwards won the Nobel Prize in 2010 for his groundbreaking work, Mukhopadhyay, the man behind the genesis of ‘Durga’, India's first IVF baby, never received any recognition. Instead, he faced severe humiliation from his peers. His colleagues and the government dismissed his claims and unable to live with dishonour and disgrace, he tragically took his life on 19 June 1981. Today his innovative techniques of cryopreservation, gonadotropin stimulation and transvaginal oocyte retrieval are used worldwide across millions of fertility clinics, helping childless couples live the dream of parenthood.
Simulated arbitration of discordance between radiologists and artificial intelligence interpretation of breast cancer screening mammograms
Authors: Marinovich M Luke , Lotter William , Waddell Andrew , Houssami Nehmat
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been retrospectively evaluated as replacement for one radiologist in screening mammography double-reading; however, methods for resolving discordance between radiologists and AI in the absence of ‘real-world’ arbitration may underestimate cancer detection rate (CDR) and recall. In 108,970 consecutive screens from a population screening program (BreastScreen WA, Western Australia), 20,120 were radiologist/AI discordant without real-world arbitration. Recall probabilities were randomly assigned for these screens in 1000 simulations. Recall thresholds for screen-detected and interval cancers (sensitivity) and no cancer (false-positive proportion, FPP) were varied to calculate mean CDR and recall rate for the entire cohort. Assuming 100% sensitivity, the maximum CDR was 7.30 per 1000 screens. To achieve >95% probability that the mean CDR exceeded the screening program CDR (6.97 per 1000), interval cancer sensitivities ≥63% (at 100% screen-detected sensitivity) and ≥91% (at 80% screen-detected sensitivity) were required. Mean recall rate was relatively constant across sensitivity assumptions, but varied by FPP. FPP > 6.5% resulted in recall rates that exceeded the program estimate (3.38%). CDR improvements depend on a majority of interval cancers being detected in radiologist/AI discordant screens. Such improvements are likely to increase recall, requiring careful monitoring where AI is deployed for screen-reading.
Moral resilience and intention to leave: Mediating effect of moral distress
Authors: KOVANCI Mustafa Sabri , ATLI ÖZBAŞ Azize
Published: August 2024

Aims

This study aims to examine the mediating effect of moral distress on the relationship between moral resilience and the intention to leave.

Background

Moral distress is a phenomenon that negatively impacts healthcare workers, healthcare institutions, and recipients. To eliminate or minimize the negative effects of moral distress, it is necessary to increase the moral resilience of nurses. Moral resilience is important in protecting against the negative effects of moral distress, such as burnout and turnover intention. In this direction, it is necessary to increase the moral resilience of nurses to reduce negative situations such as turnover intention in nurses.

Methods

It is a descriptive–predictive study. Sociodemographic Information Form, Measure of Moral Distress – Healthcare Professionals, and Rushton Moral Resilience Scale were used to collect data from the nurses. A total of 220 clinical nurses were recruited.

Ethical considerations

Approval was obtained from the university’s non-interventional ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from the participants.

Results

The study found a total moral distress score of 6.39 ± 0.3.12 and moral resilience score of 2.69 ± 0.48. A moderate and weak negative correlation was found between moral distress and moral resilience. Moral distress has a moderating effect on the intention to leave nursing (β = −0.158, p = .010) and the intention to leave the current position (β = −0.174, p = .000). Individual’s moral resilience directly affects the intention to leave. The presence of moral distress eliminates the direct effect of moral resilience and affects the intention to leave together with moral resilience.

Conclusions

Moral resilience leads to decreased intention to leave, and moral distress mediates this situation. An increase in moral distress decreases moral resilience and increases intention to leave. It can be assumed that if moral distress is not controlled, increasing moral resilience will not affect the intention to leave the job.
Analysing the Firm Value Effects of Environmental, Social and Governance Disclosure: Empirical Study of Indian Firms
Authors: Desai Rajesh
Published: August 2024

The present research aims to analyse the effect of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure on firm value using a sample of Indian-listed firms. The current research adopts cross-sectional regression analysis approach to analyse the financial data of 940 sample firms. The market-to-book value ratio and Tobin’s Q ratio are considered as market value indicators whereas ESG disclosure has been measured as indicator variable from annual report. The results conclude that ESG disclosure has significant positive effect on the market value of the sample firms. Further, the study also analyses the effect of carbon-sensitivity on this relation and found that carbon-sensitive firms experience lower intensity of the positive effect on firm value as compared to others. The findings provide significant implications for managers who can use ESG related disclosures to enhance the firm value. Besides, policymakers can also use the present findings to convey the positive impact of ESG performance and thereby improve the adoption of sustainable and socially desirable business practices. The present study provides pioneering evidence on the firm value effect of ESG disclosure in the context of one of the largest growing economies. The ESG disclosure and firm value nexus has been underexplored in emerging countries, and hence present research adds value to the existing literature.
Maximizing Trade Benefits Through Strategic WTO Dispute Filings: A Quantitative Analysis of Optimal Initiation
Authors: Yaseen Iqra , Shafi Mohammad , Kathjoo Umar Nisar
Published: August 2024

The study investigates the asymmetrical distribution of bilateral dispute initiations at the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement System (WTO-DSS) between specific country pairs. The study introduces a novel concept of dispute depth to examine how the asymmetrical bilateral dispute initiation affects bilateral trade among disputing dyads and to optimize the number of disputes that a country should file to maximize its trade benefit. By using the augmented Structural Gravity Model of trade and the PPMLHDFE estimator with extensive trade data for the years 1995–2022, across selected WTO member countries, the article demonstrates that an increase in the dispute depth decreases the bilateral trade between disputing dyads. Further, the study finds that the WTO member countries should strategically file no more than three disputes per year to maximize their trade gains. The study has important ramifications in the ambiguous world of WTO-DSS and paves the way for implementing the optimal number of disputes into trade dispute strategy, policy-making decisions and business environment of the constantly evolving international trade landscape.
CarryPro Backpacks: Creating a Niche in Backpacking
Authors: Rajput Rohit , Yadav Rambalak , Chauhan Vikas
Published: August 2024

The backpacking market in the Indian luggage industry is growing steadily, driven by the increasing popularity of adventure travel and backpacking among the younger generation. In 2018, CarryPro entered the Indian market with the intention of focusing on the need for lightweight, durable backpacks. For ultralight luxury travel, CarryPro backpacks were superior. Ankit Agarwal (founder and CEO) has highlighted the competition-related challenges to CarryPro’s growth. Wildcraft, Quechua and Decathlon dominate the backpack market in India. Other brands are also gaining popularity in India, with brands like Thule, Peak Design, and Patagonia becoming more widely available. The competition has heated up because of the growing interest among our rivals in backpacks’ utility. CarryPro, which entered the market with just three products, faced severe competition from established companies with extensive product lines. The company contemplated raising backpack sales by 20%–30% annually. However, they knew carving a niche among backpackers would be challenging without using sound distribution, branding and positioning strategies. The brand strategy and sales and distribution network operated by CarryPro proved to be the company’s deciding elements in the long run. Hence, the founder contemplated various branding, positioning and distribution strategy options.
Parental Perspectives and Experiences of Newborn Screening Program in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: K. Umamageswari , Eiango Ashvika , Jose Priya , Kandasamy Ravichandran , Kommu Peter Prasanth Kumar
Published: August 2024

Background

Newborn screening (NBS) programs are employed to detect various disorders with the aim of early identification and scope for early intervention. They are increasingly being accepted by parents in many countries.

Aim

The aim of this study is to know about the awareness of NBS programs among parents and gain knowledge about their perspectives on and experiences with the screening program.

Settings and Design

This is a cross-sectional study done over a period of three months among parents of newborns who underwent the NBS program in a tertiary care teaching center in South India.

Material and Methods

The demographic details, awareness of parents regarding NBS, and their experiences during the procedure were recorded using a pretested and piloted questionnaire, and the results were analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Used

Frequencies and percentages were used for descriptive statistics. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for finding an association between nominal variables.

Results

We found that the awareness about NBS programs is very low 14% (95% CI: 8.5–22.1) among parents in the studied population. There are multiple concerns among parents such as cost involved, the diseases screened, the method of sampling, interpretation of results, and further management options.

Conclusion

In spite of high literacy and good socioeconomic status, awareness is low among parents about the NBS program.
Impact of Technical Support and Information Provision on Patient No-show Behavior
Authors: Jiang Shenyang , Hu Miao , Jin Yong Jimmy , Qiu Liangfei , Duan Yang
Published: August 2024

Patient no-shows pose a significant challenge in healthcare operations, disrupting appointment schedules and affecting overall efficiency. Effectively addressing the challenge of reducing patient no-shows is crucial for outpatient service management. This study evaluates how the design of appointment systems affects patient no-show behavior. Using a difference-in-differences methodology, we analyze the effects of two appointment system update events—technical support and information provision—at a Chinese hospital. Our analysis reveals that technical support and information provision are associated with average reductions of 22.40% and 10.91%, respectively. To investigate the mechanisms behind these effects, we conduct a randomized controlled experiment with 233 participants. Our findings reveal that perceived effort and credibility mediate the relationship between information provision and patient no-shows. However, for technical support, only perceived credibility acts as a mediator. This study provides valuable insights for healthcare operations, offering design recommendations to address no-show behavior in hospital appointment systems.
Adaptive Clothing for People with Spinal Cord Injury in Activities of Daily Living, Occupational Management, and Sports
Authors: Hong San , Hong Yujin , Cho Woojin , Park Junseok , Jeong Sungwoo , Yun Myunghwan
Published: August 2024

This study explores the needs of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in adaptive clothing in the context of activities of daily living, occupational management, and sports. Twenty participants with SCI were recruited for individual semi-structured interviews. Three themes under each of the three contexts emerged. Suggestions were made to cope with the addressed needs and concerns.
Investigating Stochastic Resonance in Tactile Discrimination
Authors: Prakash Jayashri , DeLucia Patricia R.
Published: August 2024

Stochastic resonance (SR) is a phenomenon where addition of noise to a system enhances the system’s signal-to-noise ratio. SR can improve the ability to detect weak signals. Lugo et al. showed that tactile detection threshold decreased when participants received auditory white noise. We aimed to replicate the results of Lugo et al., except that we measured tactile discrimination. We examined whether discrimination between durations of vibrotactile stimuli would be better when auditory noise was presented. Participants performed a 2AFC task for three noise conditions: no noise, 45 dB, 55 dB. A total of 17 out of 24 participants demonstrated increased tactile sensitivity when white noise was present compared to when it was absent, which is not statistically significant. The optimal noise level varied among individuals. Eight participants performed best at 45 dB and 4 at 55 dB. Hence, determining the ideal noise level for each person is crucial for enhancing tactile sensitivity.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Game-Based Learning for Long-Term Knowledge Retention
Authors: Kanade Sameeran G. , Hasanzadeh Sogand , Pitts Brandon , Esmaeili Behzad , Duffy Vincent G.
Published: August 2024

This longitudinal study investigated the efficacy of game-based learning in enhancing the retention of safety knowledge, specifically within the domain of construction safety. The research focused on assessing participants’ retention of safety knowledge 1 year after game-based training, revealing a resilient performance despite a perceived decline in preparedness. Analysis of the data indicated no statistically significant variance in participants’ performance in hazard identification tests conducted 1 year after the initial assessment following game-based training. The study also explored the relationship between perceived preparation, actual performance, and the temporal gap between evaluations, highlighting the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of these dynamics in educational settings. The implications of this research extend beyond construction safety, underscoring the transformative potential of game-based learning in cultivating enduring safety awareness across various industries. By harnessing innovative educational technologies, organizations can enhance workplace safety protocols and mitigate occupational hazards.
Machine Learning for Prediction of Driver Takeover Time in Automated Driving: Insights from Non-urgent Low Consequence Scenarios
Authors: Villarreal Ryan Thomas , Liang Nade , Pitts Brandon , Nasir Mansoor , Yu Denny
Published: August 2024

This work investigates driver takeover times in non-urgent, low consequence scenarios within conditionally automated driving. Using physiological and behavioral data from 46 participants in a driving simulator, classification algorithms were applied to predict metrics of takeover time following a takeover request (TOR). Eye-tracking, heart rate variability, and computer-vision based body posture features were analyzed for their predictive power. The Naïve Bayes algorithm outperformed other models, achieving an accuracy of 78% when predicting the time to first gaze in the driving scene following a TOR. Results from feature selection showed eye-tracking metrics to have the most predictive power. These results suggest that eye-tracking metrics and simple, computationally efficient, 2-class algorithms may be sufficient for predicting takeover time in non-urgent, low-consequence scenarios. This research provides evidence for integration of physiological sensing into adaptive automated driving systems (ADS) to develop context-aware TOR alert systems to improve road safety.
Measuring User Response to Attention Guidance Using the Integrated Cognitive User Assistance System
Authors: Wilkins Benedict , Durant Szonya , Fox Elizabeth , Stathis Kostas
Published: August 2024

Humans are limited in their attentional capacity and miss salient cues when multitasking. We built a platform, ICUa (Integrated Cognitive User assistance) that simulates parts of MATBII, a computer-based multitasking testbed, adding gaze-based attention guidance in an attempt to improve multitasking performance. ICUa uses software agents for monitoring the interface, human behavior and eye gaze in order to guide attention (displaying highlights and arrows). We varied the difficulty of our testbed and found effects on human performance (based on error times) and characterized the types of errors that occurred with higher difficulty and how agent response changed. There was no clear effect of ICUa guidance on gaze patterns or human performance. The visual guidance we deployed may not be sufficient to measurably influence behavior. Future work will develop the detection eye gaze patterns and effective cues to redirect attention using this human-agent interface for experiments on attention guidance.
Cognitive and Perceptual Augmentation Through Neuromodulation during Fatiguing Tasks is Sex-specific
Authors: Nichols Kieran M. , Hayes John , Karthikeyan Rohith , Mehta Ranjana K.
Published: August 2024

Transformative paradigms to proactively mitigate fatigue through noninvasive neurostimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been shown to be more effective than existing interventions. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of HD-tDCS (High-Definition) as a fatigue countermeasure on vigilance and perceived fatigue on longer bouts of mental fatigue. Thirty-two participants were assigned to active stimulation and sham groups, and they took part in a 2 hr fatigue protocol of 2-back visuospatial working-memory tests. To evaluate the effect of active stimulation, separate linear mixed-effect models with the group (stimulation/sham), phase (pre/post), and sex (male/female) were analyzed. The results showed the effectiveness of HD-tDCS in slowing fatigue-related declines across both cognitive and perceptual channels, with fatigue reduction being more effective in women. These observations could inform sex-based considerations to improve the operational readiness of tDCS-based countermeasure systems to help mitigate fatigue among emergency and military personnel.
Where Do Users Look When Deciding If a Text Message is Safe or Malicious?
Authors: Katsarakes Eleni Alexandra , Edwards Morgan , Still Jeremiah D.
Published: August 2024

Phishing via SMS, or SMiShing, is a rapidly growing cyber threat that causes significant financial losses. While research on email phishing has explored user behavior, the understanding of human factors in SMiShing detection remains limited. This study bridges the gap by investigating how users visually evaluate real-world SMS message legitimacy using eye-tracking technology. We aim to identify which message components capture user attention (e.g., sender information, typos/grammatical errors, links) and assess if users focus sufficiently on established red flags associated with phishing attempts. This research contributes to more effective user-centric countermeasures against SMiShing attacks by informing the design of security interventions that consider user behavior and mobile device information limitations.
Qualitative Data Coding of User Experience With an Urban Air Mobility Fleet Manager Interface
Authors: Costedoat Gregory , Hodell Gita S. , Larson Robert E.
Published: August 2024

The NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate created the High Density Vertiplex (HDV) project to integrate and evaluate a prototype Urban Air Mobility (UAM) ecosystem. Part of the HDV testing environment included a prototype operator user interface called the Fleet Manager Interface (FMI). In 2023, HDV conducted flight testing with the FMI during which a user experience (UX) study was performed to assess the quality of UX and elicit design recommendations. As a result, a large database of open-ended, qualitative responses was generated and then coded using a new qualitative data coding technique called Directive String Coding. The key themes that arose from the coded responses showed that the UX was pleasant, system notifications should be more salient, and information across multiple screens should be integrated into a central display. As the Fleet Manger operational role is still being defined, it is vital to increase our understanding of the tools and capabilities needed for such a role. The results from HDV work will eventually feed into standards for vertiport operations that will enable safe and scalable UAM operations in the United States.
The Predictive Value of the MELD Scores for In-Hospital Adverse Events in Normotensive Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Jiao Siqi , Liu Ying , He Haoming , Li Qing , Wang Zhe , Chen Yinong , Zhu Longyang , Zheng Shuwen , Yang Furong , Zhai Zhenguo , Sun Yihong
Published: August 2024

The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and the model for end-stage liver disease excluding international normalized ratio (INR) (MELD-XI) scores, which reflect dysfunction of liver and kidneys, have been reported to be related to the prognosis of patients with right-sided “backward” failure. However, the relationship between the MELD/MELD-XI score and the in-hospital adverse events in pulmonary embolism (PE) patients was unknown. Normotensive PE patients were retrospectively enrolled at China–Japan friendship hospital from January 2017 to February 2020. The primary outcome was defined as death and clinical deterioration during hospitalization. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to explore the association between the MELD and MELD-XI scores for in-hospital adverse events. We also compared the accuracy of the MELD, MELD-XI, and the pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI) score using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve and corresponding areas under the curve (AUC). A total of 222 PE patients were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis showed that the MELD score was independently associated with in-hospital adverse events (odds ratio = 1.115, 95% confidential interval = 1.022-1.217, P = .014). The MELD score has an AUC of 0.731 and was better than PESI (AUC of 0.629) in predicting in-hospital adverse events. Among PE patients with normal blood pressure on admission, the MELD score was associated with increased in-hospital adverse events.
From Silence to Testimonio: Latina Adolescents’ Agency in Writing
Authors: Baldonado-Ruiz Mónica
Published: August 2024

This qualitative classroom-based study investigated the writing practices, choices, and reflections of Latinx high school students during an instructional unit on writing testimonio. The study was grounded in a sociocultural theory of writing and draws from LatCrit and testimonio research to understand how writing about self as testimonio shapes the writing practices Latinx, urban mujeres. The study took place in an eleventh grade class at an urban charter school in a major urban center in the southwest. Data collection included writing samples, interviews, participant observer memos, and field notes. Analysis was conducted through a testimonio and narrative analysis lens and afforded researchers and participants the opportunity to co-construct the knowledge gained from the data corpus. Findings focused on the ways participants interacted with the study unit, how they found agency as writers, took pride in their writing, and ownership of the narratives of their communities.
High incidence of femoroacetabular impingement deformity in bi-column acetabular fractures
Authors: Bartlett Gavin E , Stephens Alastair S , Norton Mark R , Darren Fern Edwin
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Dynamic interaction of cam and pincer deformities can result in pathological contact forces in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome. Similar deformities were noted during acetabular fracture reconstruction. We hypothesise that the prevalence of FAI deformity is higher in patients sustaining acetabular fractures than in a control group.

Methods:

This retrospective radiographic study compared the parameters that define FAI deformity in 100 patients consecutively admitted to a trauma unit with an acetabular fracture and a control group of 100 patients with lateral compression pelvic fracture without acetabular injury. Both underwent identical clinical imaging. Centre-edge angles (CEA) and alpha angles were used to define patients with pincer, cam, or mixed FAI deformity.

Results:

There were significantly more patients with FAI deformity in the acetabular fracture group than in the control group (71% vs. 18%, p < 0.0001). There were considerably more fractures involving both anterior and posterior acetabular columns in patients with ‘pincer’ sockets ( p = 0.02, OR = 2.95, 95% CI, 1.12–7.78).

Conclusions:

There is a high prevalence of cam and pincer deformities in patients with acetabular fractures, particularly bi-column fractures.
Clinical and Psychological Implications of Genital Vitiligo in a Thai Population
Authors: Yodtraiseevirat Tinnapat , Paringkarn Teerapat , Watchirakaeyoon Prameyuda , Kulthanan Kanokvalai , Chaiyabutr Chayada , Wongpraparut Chanisada , Silpa-archa Narumol
Published: August 2024

Background:

The understanding of genital vitiligo among Thai individuals is limited.

Objectives:

This study evaluated the clinical presentation, quality of life, and sexual health consequences of genital vitiligo.

Methods:

This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study involving vitiligo patients aged 18 years or older with past or present genital involvement was conducted at Siriraj Hospital. It also measured aspects of sexual health and quality of life.

Results:

The mean age of the 41 participants was 48.2 years, and 24 (58.5%) were males. All participants presented with genital vitiligo. In males, the penile shaft (45.8%), scrotum (45.8%), and glans (33.3%) were predominantly affected. In females, the mons pubis (64.7%), labia majora (23.5%), and labia minora (23.5%) were frequently involved. Both sexes reported afflictions in the pubic area (41.5%), inguinal region (36.6%), buttocks (34.1%), and oral mucosa (34.1%). Itching was the principal symptom in 26.8% of the patients. The median Dermatology Life Quality Index scores were significantly different (females 6, males 3.5). Compared with their male counterparts, females exhibited lower self-esteem (41.2% vs 29.2%), greater apprehension about marriage (11.8% vs 8.3%), and embarrassment about sexual activities (23.5% vs 16.7%). Remarkably, 65.9% of patients had not discussed their genital vitiligo with their doctors, and 51.2% of physicians had not inquired about or examined for genital involvement.

Conclusions:

Genital vitiligo adversely impacts quality of life and self-esteem, particularly among female patients. The lack of discourse between patients and physicians highlights a need for increased awareness and proactive clinical investigations to enhance patient care and satisfaction.
Optimum texture shape under different lubrication conditions applied to the start-up phase of journal bearings
Authors: Lu Mingming , Gu Chunxing , Shen Jingfeng
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a parameterized model to optimize the texture units using an improved particle swarm optimization. The texture units are optimized under three lubrication states: boundary lubrication, mixed lubrication, and hydrodynamic lubrication, by utilizing the Stribeck curve. The optimal texture units can be applied to journal bearings and thrust bearings in different operating conditions to achieve maximum load-carrying capacity. The paper applies the optimal textures under the three lubrication states to the start-up stage of journal bearings to examine the lubrication performance and dynamic characteristics of the textured journal bearing system. The results demonstrate that compared to the untextured journal-bearing system, the introduction of optimal textures improves the tribological performance of the journal-bearing system, and the optimal textured units under hydrodynamic lubrication have the best friction reduction effect. Furthermore, it is found that the introduction of textures has no significant effect on the dynamic characteristics of the journal bearings.
Why do hotels go for sustainable practices? Eliciting the behavioral intentions of mid-market hotel guests
Authors: Aggarwal Arun , Malkoti Santosh , Xess Anjali , Sharma Ishani , Mittal Amit
Published: August 2024

This research endeavors to analyze the impact of sustainability practices (SP) on the revisit intentions (RVI) and recommendation intentions (RCI) of young professionals staying in budget hotels through the mediating effect of guest comfort (GC). The study also examines the moderating role of technology readiness (TR) of the guest on the proposed relationships. Data were collected from 505 young Indian professionals working in service sectors located in Chandigarh Tri-city and Delhi NCR (India) and who travel for work and stay at mid-priced hotels. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used to analyze the proposed hypotheses. The results show that SP has a positive impact on GC, RVI, and RCI. Further, GC has positive impact on RVI and RCI. The results also show that TR moderates the relationship between SP and GC. Finally, the relationship between GC and RCI is also moderated by TR. Customers’ RVI and RCI are not only created when hotels incorporate SP but also when the degree of GC is not compromised but enhanced. In this way, it is recommended that managers carefully use the SP as an important tool to raise the level of GC. The study reveals that young professionals tend to have strong RVI and RCI toward such hotels, which have implemented technology and SP in the hotel operations while maintaining the GC level. In this sense, the SP implemented by the hotels acts as a strategic tool in the creation of GC, RVI, and RCI.
The role of motivation in the subjective well-being of older adult sojourners: An investigation using a hybrid technique of PLS-SEM and fsQCA
Authors: Li Hang , Chen Siyue , He Biao , Huang Gengzhi
Published: August 2024

The subjective well-being (SWB) of older adult sojourners is a complex psychological phenomenon. This study employs a combined approach of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to investigate the linear and nonlinear effects of motivation on the SWB of older adult sojourners. The results indicate that relaxation and decompression, wellness retreats, escape, and self-actualization motivations have a significant positive impact on the SWB of older adult sojourners. However, simple antecedent variables do not individually constitute the necessary conditions for high-level SWB; each variable requires a conditional combination with other factors to generate high-level SWB. Furthermore, this study reveals that nine different combinations of fsQCA consistently lead to high levels of SWB in older adult sojourners. These nine combinations can be categorized into five specific causal pathways, with the escape motivation serving as a core condition in each pathway. This study extends the research on senior residential tourism and offers practical insights for enhancing the competitiveness of senior residential tourism destinations.
‘Crisis what crisis?’ Understanding the recurring problems of the British state
Authors: Richards David , Smith Martin J , Warner Sam , Marsh David
Published: August 2024

This article seeks to explain the current crises besetting the UK state, arguing their seeds can be traced back to past failures to reform Britain’s pre-modern state arrangements. We argue the perpetuation of a political cutlure organised round the highly centralising British Political Tradition has proved increasingly incompatible with a fragmented governance landscape driven by forty years of New Public Management informed reforms. We posit this has led to an incoherent state reflected in a dysfunctional approach to public administration. The fault resides with successive governments attempting to deal with governance weaknesses through incremental, rather than system-wide reform. Muddling through has proved insufficient to resolving the deep structural problems in UK governance. We conclude that only a wholesale rethink and reform of the UK’s governance arrangements will resolve the current crises afflicting Britian’s antiquated state.
The association between sleep, mental health, and health behaviours: a Danish population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Damgaard Astrid J. , Sørensen Jes B. , Jensen Martin M. , Pedersen Pernille
Published: August 2024

Aims:

Sleep problems constitute a significant public health problem due to their high prevalence and impact on mental health and health behaviours, with major consequences for individuals and society. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between sleep problems (duration and quality), mental health and health behaviours.

Methods:

Cross-sectional data was derived from the 2021 health survey ‘How are you?’ from the Central Denmark Region. The study population was a stratified random sample of 33,925 respondents aged 16 years or older. We used logistic regression models to analyse the associations between sleep problems and indicators of mental health and health behaviour. The models were adjusted for sex, age, educational attainment, labour market attachment, cohabitation, and indicators of mental health and health behaviour.

Results:

A prevalence of around 10% for both short- and long sleep duration and poor sleep quality was found. All were associated with poor mental health-related quality of life, depression, stress, perceived stressors and obesity. In addition, short sleep duration was associated with daily smoking, and long sleep duration was associated with physical inactivity and daily smoking.

Conclusions:

Our findings revealed a stronger association between sleep problems and mental health indicators in comparison to health behaviours. We found that sleep duration and sleep quality in broad terms were associated with similar variables within mental health and health behaviour. These findings underline the importance of adopting a comprehensive approach to addressing sleep problems in the context of health promotion, disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.
A day without Global North researchers: Making space for equitable collaboration after COVID-19
Authors: Bolin Annalisa , Carayannis Tatiana , Vlavonou Gino , Nkusi David
Published: August 2024

What happens when researchers based in the Global North are suddenly unable to access research sites, especially those in the Global South? In 2020, COVID-related public health measures and travel restrictions made clear how dependent certain categories of researchers in the North are on easy access to research sites in the South. The space opened up by their pandemic-imposed retreat and the solutions devised in response have provoked both challenges and opportunities. In this article, we reflect on this space, focusing on how forms of more just collaboration become possible when the inertia of Global North-controlled research is interrupted. Many scholars have argued for change in how Global North-South scholarly collaborations proceed, seeking to root out colonial practices and attend to power imbalances that disadvantage South-based scholars. COVID's disruptions offer a chance to reorient these collaborations toward more ethical forms of research. We examine the ethical and practical questions inherent in such collaborations and explore two case studies of attempts to reorient collaborative work, drawing primarily on examples of collaboration between African, European, and North American scholars. Cognizant that these efforts are only initial attempts toward reworking collaborative practice, we also trace the challenges they bring, from the duty of care and paternalistic approaches to funding and practical problems. We suggest that a careful consideration of these issues can help to establish more just ways to fully reengage North-South research and collaboration in the wake of the global pandemic.
How cultural intelligence facilitates employee creativity: The roles of intercultural citizenship behavior and perceived disharmony
Authors: Yang Yang , Yang Qin , Jiang Crystal
Published: August 2024

Employee creativity is widely recognized as a pivotal factor for organizational innovation. Despite the known benefits of cultural intelligence (CQ) in enhancing task performance in intercultural environments, little research has examined the relationship between individual CQ and creativity. Drawing from the interactionist perspective, where creativity arises from the dynamic interaction between individuals and their environments, this research explores how individual CQ dimensions (metacognitive and motivational) enhance creativity through social interactions and cultural environments in multinational corporations (MNCs). Using a sample of 116 employees from three multinational companies, this study examines the relationship among individual CQ, intercultural citizenship behavior (intercultural OCB), perceived intercultural disharmony, and creativity. A moderated mediation model was tested with the PROCESS SPSS macro analysis. Results show that the positive relationships between the two types of CQ, metacognitive and motivational CQ, and creativity are mediated by intercultural OCB. Furthermore, the mediated association between CQ and creativity is moderated by perceived disharmony within the organization. This research extends the study of organizational innovation by focusing on specific CQ through an interaction approach, which has not been fully explored. It enriches our understanding of how MNCs can leverage employee cultural differences to facilitate innovation.
Digital ecologies in practice
Authors: Davies Oscar Hartman , Turnbull Jonathon , Searle Adam
Published: August 2024

Digital mediation profoundly shapes how cultural geographers understand and encounter nature. Practice-based engagements with digitally mediated natures pose methodological, aesthetic and ethical questions for cultural geographers. Reflecting on a conference held in Bonn, Germany, in July 2022, which brought together a host of artists, practitioners, researchers and designers working at the human-technology-nature interface, this paper introduces the special issue, Digital Ecologies in Practice. The paper reflects on the key themes which cut across contributing articles and sketches a framework for methodologically – and practice – inclined geographers. Specifically, we draw out the ways in which practice-based engagements with digital technologies and processes of digitisation afford novel modes of sensing, speculating and remediating natures that have implications for the doing of both digital ecologies and cultural geographies as fields of research and domains of critical practice.
Professional Learning in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme
Authors: Whaley Rosamund
Published: August 2024

The four International Baccalaureate (IB) programmes provide an inquiry- and concept-driven approach to teaching and learning in primary and secondary schools around the world. This educational philosophy is often different to teachers’ previous training and experience, yet little research has been done into how continuing professional development addresses the challenge of understanding and implementing the IB programmes. This phenomenological study explored the professional learning experiences of seven experienced IB Diploma Programme teachers working in different international schools. The findings provide a rich narrative of the teachers’ lived experience to show that, while official IB workshops are helpful in developing understanding of certain aspects of the Diploma Programme, ongoing, job-embedded learning is also required for deep understanding and effective implementation of the IB educational philosophy. This study shows how the theory of social constructivism provides a foundation for exploring a range of formal and informal learning options for teachers and schools to develop individual and collective understanding and implementation of the IB educational philosophy.
A dynamics simulation-assisted transfer learning method for track condition diagnosis in urban rail transits
Authors: Yu Yaoxiang , Luo Tao , Guo Liang , Qian Yao , Gao Hongli
Published: August 2024

Track defects are gradually emerging with the development of urban rail transits. However, there is rare research implemented to diagnose track conditions in real time. Although some intelligent data-driven methods seem to have the potential to achieve the track condition diagnosis, it’s hard to acquire sufficient labeled data in actual applications. This study proposes a dynamics simulation-assisted transfer learning (TL) method for label-scarce track condition diagnosis. Firstly, a dynamics model of axle-box bearings considering the service environment is established. Based on this model, a large amount of axle-box vibration signals corresponding to healthy/defective track conditions is simulated. Wavelet transform is performed for these signals to characterize their time-frequency energy distribution modes in the format of time-frequency maps, which are considered source-domain data. Similarly, the time-frequency maps of the collected signals during vehicle operation are served as the target-domain data. Subsequently, a sub-domain alignment TL network is constructed to map the data from the source and target domain into a deep feature space. In this network, unlabeled target-domain data are classified to obtain their pseudo labels. Finally, Wasserstein distance measure and multiple domain discriminators are employed to achieve label alignment between two domains for each corresponding category. A feature centroid-driven loss function is applied to further reduce the intra-class variations, ultimately realizing accurate knowledge transfer from simulated signals to collected signals. A two-level sliding window algorithm is designed to detect abnormal axle-box vibration signal parts which are then diagnosed through the well-trained network. The proposed method is validated through a transfer diagnosis experiment using simulated signals and collected signals. This study provides a promising solution to diagnose different track conditions, which is of great significance for ensuring running safety in urban rail transits.
Engaging Community Health Workers in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s COVID-19 Public Health Response to Address Health Disparities and Build Community Resilience
Authors: De Jesus Stacy , Rohan Elizabeth A. , DeGroff Amy , Vaughan Marla , Hayes Nikki , Presley-Cantrell Letitia , Buckley Rebekah , Richardson Lisa C. , Crawford Gregory , Hacker Karen
Published: August 2024

In 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) funded community health workers (CHWs) for COVID Response and Resilient Communities (CCR). CCR is a 3-year, $350 million initiative to implement CHW strategies aimed at reducing COVID-19 impacts, building resilience, and improving health equity by addressing health-related social needs. This paper describes the CCR initiative and experiences to date, underscoring CHWs’ critical role in CDC’s pandemic response. CCR funds 67 recipients to reach communities who are disproportionately affected by long-standing health disparities (hereafter, priority populations). CCR aims to decrease the impact of COVID-19 and increase community resilience to respond to COVID-19 and future public health emergencies. Recipients implement three strategies: train CHWs to support the COVID-19 response, increase the workforce of CHWs to manage the spread of the disease, and improve utilization of community and clinical resources to engage CHWs to help strengthen communities’ resilience to mitigate the impact of COVID-19. We funded three additional organizations to provide technical assistance to CCR recipients and collaborate with us on a national evaluation of the program. CCR recipients hired about 950 CHWs and integrated these CHWs into over 1,000 organizations and care teams. At the end of the second program year, CHWs made over 250,000 referrals to social services and over 150,000 referrals to address specific health conditions. CCR demonstrates that CHWs can be quickly mobilized to participate in a public health emergency and reach those most affected by COVID-19.
Care You Can Trust: How the Black Men’s Health Clinic Leverages Community Partnerships Charting a Course Where Health Care Struggles to Reach
Authors: Siddiqi Ammar D. , Yokananth Rishit , Britton Maggie , Wallace Hon. Larry , Bharadwaj Ananya , Vunnam Naimisha , Sherwood Alex , Hasan Batul , Palmo Nina , Reitzel Lorraine R.
Published: August 2024

Black men in the United States have a lower life expectancy than Hispanic and White populations due to elevated morbidity and mortality from various health conditions. This is partially attributable to the experience of systemic racism and earned mistrust toward health professionals, the majority of whom are not Black. Despite recognition of this issue, limited progress has been made to improve Black men’s health trajectories. Thus, there is an urgent need for health care organizations to reach more Black men and address existing health inequities through innovative means. Larry Wallace Sr., an experienced health care executive, recognized this issue in his community and created the Black Men’s Health Clinic (BMHC) with his son, Larry Wallace Jr., to improve health care delivery to Black men in and around Austin, Texas. BMHC has successfully reached Black men in its catchment area through its strategic community engagement efforts and a unique financial model to increase health care accessibility for a population that has historically experienced poor health outcomes. Furthermore, they offer a comprehensive range of services that acknowledge the impact of social and structural determinants of health and address social needs to provide Black men with access to vetted, high-quality health care. Consequently, BMHC’s health care model offers a useful framework for other health care organizations that are aiming to achieve health equity. The BMHC model is presented herein, highlighting strategies for other health care organizations to reach Black men and deliver trusted care. Implementing suggestions discussed in this work may lead to improved health outcomes for Black men in the United States.