bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIF‐prolyl hydroxylases as therapeutic targets in erythropoiesis and iron metabolism
Authors: Haase Volker H.
Published: April 2017

A classic response to systemic hypoxia is the increase in red blood cell production. This response is controlled by the prolyl hydroxylase domain/hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) pathway, which regulates a broad spectrum of cellular functions. The discovery of this pathway as a key regulator of erythropoiesis has led to the development of small molecules that stimulate the production of endogenous erythropoietin and enhance iron metabolism. This review provides a concise overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern HIF‐induced erythropoietic responses and provides an update on clinical experience with compounds that target HIF‐prolyl hydroxylases for anemia therapy.
Exposure to the insecticide endosulfan induces liver morphology alterations and oxidative stress in fruit‐eating bats (Artibeus lituratus)
Authors: Oliveira Jerusa Maria , Brinati Alessandro , Miranda Liany Divina Lima , Morais Danielle Barbosa , Zanuncio José Cola , Gonçalves Reggiani Vilela , Peluzio Maria do Carmo Gouveia , Freitas Mariella Bontempo
Published: April 2017

Exposure to pesticides may increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidation of cell membrane lipids and proteins. Although fruit bats are potentially exposed to pesticides during their entire lifespan, the impacts of this exposure are still poorly investigated. We examined the effects of low, commercially recommended concentrations (0, 1.05 and 2.1 g/l) of an organochlorine insecticide endosulfan (EDS) formulation on oxidative responses in the liver and kidneys of Neotropical fruit bats (Artibeus lituratus), as well as possible liver morphological alterations following a 35‐day oral exposure. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased upon exposure to 1.05 g/l of EDS in the liver and kidneys, catalase was decreased in the liver of 2.1 g/l EDS‐exposed bats, while glutathione S‐transferase was increased in the liver of 2.1 g/l EDS‐exposed bats. Protein carbonyls increased following the exposure to the highest EDS dose tested. Endosulfan‐induced morphological alterations in the liver included cell degeneration and cell death, with apparent cytoplasm lipid accumulation (steatosis) and pyknotic nuclei, karyolysis and deposit of collagen fibres. Our findings suggest that exposure to low concentrations of EDS induced a certain extent of oxidative damage in fruit bats, which may have led to liver morphological alterations.
In vitro and In vivo studies on intragastric soya protein–polysaccharide gels in a beverage matrix
Authors: Wee May Sui Mei , Yusoff Ruzanna , Chiang Jie Hong , Xu Yunyun
Published: April 2017

Intragastric gelation is a mechanism whereby a consumed liquid food gels under the acidic gastric condition. It was hypothesised that intragastric gelation would result in satiety due to delayed gastric emptying. Three treatment beverages that is soya protein isolate (SPI) with λ‐carrageenan (SPI‐LC; high viscosity, gelling), guar gum (SPI‐GG; high viscosity) and no polysaccharide (SPI; low viscosity) were given to twenty participants in a randomised 3 × 3 double‐blind within‐subject crossover design trial and asked to rate their hunger and fullness scores (visual analogue scale; VAS) before and up to 60 min after consumption of the beverage. Results show that there were no significant effects on hunger, fullness and energy intake after consuming the SPI‐LC (gelling) beverage compared to the SPI‐GG beverage, but did evoke weak satiety signals up to 20 min after consumption when compared to the control (low‐viscosity) SPI beverage. Therefore, intragastric gelation does not result in satiety in this study.
Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose/candelilla wax coating containing ascorbic acid on quality of walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernels
Authors: Kowalczyk Dariusz , Zięba Emil , Skrzypek Tomasz , Baraniak Barbara
Published: April 2017

Walnut kernels were coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)‐based emulsion with and without l‐ascorbic acid (AA). The thickness of the coatings formed on the walnuts ranged from 12 to 360 μm. The results obtained from the thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance analysis showed that the coating retarded lipid oxidation in walnuts during long‐term storage. The antioxidative action of the CMC‐based coating was not enhanced by incorporation of AA. On the other hand, the coating with AA slightly delayed hydrolytic rancidity of walnuts. More smooth and homogenous surface of walnuts coated with AA led to higher gloss. The acidifying/reductive action of AA lightened the colour of walnuts. Coating (dipping and drying) resulted in partial loss of aromaticity of walnuts.
Laboratory measurement of the direct oral anticoagulants: Indications and impact on management in clinical practice
Authors: Wright C. , Brown R. , Cuker A.
Published: April 2017

Although the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) do not require routine laboratory monitoring, there may be special situations in which measurement of drug levels is desirable. There is a paucity of information on how measurement of DOAC levels is used in clinical practice. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban levels measured at our institution. Of 9793 patients with an active prescription for dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban in the electronic medical record during the 2.5‐year study period, 32 (0.33%) patients underwent a total of 37 DOAC measurements. Twenty patients were on rivaroxaban, 12 were on apixaban, and none was on dabigatran. The most common indications for measurement in inpatients were surgery, breakthrough thrombosis, and bleeding. In the ambulatory setting, patient characteristics suspected to lead to derangements in drug levels (eg, extremes of body weight, gastrointestinal malabsorptive disorders) served as a frequent indication. Among preoperative patients, DOAC levels influenced decisions about the timing of surgery. In most outpatients, levels were within expected ranges and affirmed current management. In a small number of patients with breakthrough thrombosis or bleeding, the identification of drug levels below or above expected concentrations led to a change in the anticoagulant regimen. In conclusion, DOAC measurement was infrequently requested. Indications differed between hospitalized patients and outpatients. Clinical response varied by drug level and indication.
Does morphology matter in 2017? An approach to morphologic clues in non‐neoplastic blood and bone marrow disorders
Authors: Chabot‐Richards D. S. , Foucar K.
Published: April 2017

Numerous non‐neoplastic and neoplastic conditions manifest with distinctive features in blood. Although automated complete blood count (CBC) data are essential, CBC information alone is insufficient for diagnosis. Consequently, morphologic review of blood smears is still relevant in the era of sophisticated automated analyzer systems. Pathologist interpretation of the peripheral blood smear, in conjunction with CBC and clinical information, can provide rapid diagnostic information and guide cost‐effective targeted laboratory testing. Pathologist review of blood smears can be used to diagnose cases in which the clinical findings are misleading or nonspecific. Here, we discuss a selection of cases in which the pathologist examination of the blood smear can aid in rapid and accurate diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment. Exemplary non‐neoplastic disorders with distinctive morphologic blood features of RBC, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes will be highlighted. The differential diagnostic considerations in blood smears with RBC destruction will be presented, expanding beyond microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Lymphocyte morphologic assessment guides differential diagnosis including the identification of rare germline disorders. In each case presented, the integration of morphologic features guided additional testing with confirmation of the diagnosis. Peripheral blood smear review is timely and cost effective, even in an era of sophisticated automated laboratory testing.
Microfluidics in flow cytometry and related techniques
Authors: Béné M. C.
Published: April 2017

Technological advances in laboratory automation are now well understood and applied as they considerably improved the speed and robustness of haematological laboratory data, in the companion fields of blood analyzers and flow cytometry. Still rather confidential is the field of microfluidics, mostly confined so far to academic settings and research laboratories. The literature in the field of microfluidics is growing and applications in hematology range from cell counting to flow cytometry, cell sorting, or ex vivo testing. A literature search allows to identify many innovative solutions developed to master the specific physics of fluid movements in microchips. Miniaturization also dwells on findings that have emerged from different areas such as electronics and nanoengineering. This review proposes an overview of the major principles guiding developments in microfluidics and describes a necessarily limited and nonexhaustive series of specific applications. Readers are strongly encouraged to consult the documents referred to in the references section to learn more about this world knocking at our door and possibly liable to revolutionize our profession of hematology biologists in a not so far future.
Optimal utilization of thrombophilia testing
Authors: Pruthi R. K.
Published: April 2017

The global incidence of venous thromboembolism is high so laboratory testing for hereditary thrombophilia and selected acquired thrombophilia is common. Given the costs associated with testing and multiple pre‐analytic and analytic variables affecting the assays, careful patient selection and timing of testing and diligent application to patient management are critical to providing high‐value clinical care. Collaboration between the ordering providers and performing laboratories has the potential to achieve these goals. Herein, utility of thrombophilia testing, variables that affect the assays, and impact on patient management are reviewed. Where available, information on cost‐effectiveness is discussed.
The challenge of pension reform in Georgia: Non‐contributory pensions and elderly poverty
Authors: Nutsubidze Tamila , Nutsubidze Khatuna
Published: April 2017

Georgia's national social security system offers almost universal non‐contributory basic pension coverage. The basic pension has, to date, proved effective in dealing with old‐age poverty. But Georgia's fiscal constraints and ageing population also highlight the importance of improving the pension system, in order to ensure its sustainability. This article presents policy reform choices, which suggest that, in Georgia, pension reform might include increasing the statutory retirement ages and reducing the generosity of benefits through means testing. The case of the Georgian non‐contributory basic pension might hold value for some low‐ and middle‐income countries that are considering the implementation of, or expanding coverage under, a non‐contributory pension programme.
Electrical transport and thermoelectric properties of Ca0.8Y0.2−xDyxMnO3−δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2)
Authors: Seo Jang Woo , Cha Jaesung , Won Sung Ok , Park Kyeongsoon
Published: April 2017

Ca0.8Y0.2−xDyxMnO3−δ (0≤x≤0.2) samples were fabricated by the solid‐state reaction method, and their thermoelectric properties were studied from 500°C to 800°C. Upon the substitution of Dy3+ for Y3+ in the Ca0.8Y0.2−xDyxMnO3−δ, the electrical and thermal conductivities gradually decreased with increasing Dy3+ concentration, whereas the absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient significantly increased. The Ca0.8Dy0.2MnO3−δ showed the largest value of dimensionless figure of merit (0.180) at 800°C as a result of the combination of the largest absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient and the lowest thermal conductivity. We believe that the Ca0.8Dy0.2MnO3−δ is a promising thermoelectric material at high temperatures.
Improving mastery of fractions by blending video games into the Math classroom
Authors: Masek M. , Boston J. , Lam C.P. , Corcoran S.
Published: April 2017

Concepts from the Australian mathematics curriculum on fractions were used as core elements to design three computer games. In each game, the concepts were presented in the form of tangible puzzles, customized to a difficulty level based on student capability. The games were integrated into a single virtual game world, and a fantasy story was used to help build a compelling experience. Five Year 6 classes were used to evaluate the game over four weeks. Three of the classes were provided with the games, and two served as a control. Both the intervention and control groups also covered fractions in class as part of the regular teaching program, consisting of instructor led content combined with access to online resources and activities. Participants completed a diagnostic test before the trial, and again at the end, designed to assess competence in the fractions concepts targeted by the game. Results show that on average students who had access to the game in addition to the regular teaching scored higher than control group students. In particular, looking at just students who started with a lower level of fractions skills, greater improvement was seen in those that had access to the game.
Mindfulness training for parents of children with special needs: Guidance for nurses in mental health practice
Authors: Petcharat Manika , Liehr Patricia
Published: April 2017

Problem

Parents of children with special needs encounter specific challenges in carrying out their caregiving roles. They experience difficulty accepting their children due to unrealistically high expectations. Mindfulness training (MT) may increase parental psychological well‐being and acceptance.

Objective

The purpose of this article is to examine the evidence‐base for the effectiveness of MT in enhancing psychological well‐being for parents of children with special needs as a foundation for guidance for nurses in mental health practice.

Methods

A literature review of relevant research studies was undertaken using specific inclusion criteria. The literature was derived from three databases that identified 56 articles narrowed to 5, which met inclusion criteria.

Findings

The studies indicated that cultivating a more mindful way of parenting is associated with reduced stress, anxiety, and depression. Parents experienced increased mindful awareness and improved psychological well‐being, and they were more accepting of their children. Their children also had fewer behavior problems and enhanced positive interaction with their parents. Because mindfulness interventions fall within the scope of independent nursing practice, nurses can play a significant role in applying mindfulness to promote psychological well‐being in parents who have children with special needs.
Research Review: Childhood chronic physical illness and adult emotional health – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Secinti Ekin , Thompson Ellen J. , Richards Marcus , Gaysina Darya
Published: April 2017

Background

Childhood chronic physical illness is associated with a greater vulnerability for emotional problems (i.e. depression and anxiety) in childhood. However, little is known about life‐long effects of childhood chronic physical illness on mental health. The present study aims to systematically review evidence for associations between eight chronic physical illnesses with childhood onset (arthritis, asthma, cancer, chronic renal failure, congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis, type 1 diabetes, and epilepsy) and adult emotional problems.

Methods

A database search of MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and ScienceDirect was undertaken, and random effects meta‐analyses were used to synthesise evidence from eligible studies.

Results

In total, 37 studies were eligible for the systematic review (n = 45,733) and of these, 34 studies were included in the meta‐analyses (n = 45,358). There were overall associations between childhood chronic physical illness and adult depression (OR = 1.31; 95% CI [1.12, 1.54]) and anxiety (OR = 1.47; 95% CI [1.13, 1.92]). Separate meta‐analyses for childhood asthma, type 1 diabetes and cancer were also conducted, with cancer being significantly associated with adult depression (OR = 1.19; 95% CI [1.00, 1.42]).

Conclusions

The effects of childhood chronic physical illness on the risk of emotional problems persist beyond childhood and adolescence. Mental health prevention and intervention strategies targeting children with chronic physical illnesses can have long‐term benefits.
Topical antiviral and antifungal medications in pregnancy: a review of safety profiles
Authors: Patel V.M. , Schwartz R.A. , Lambert W.C.
Published: April 2017

Medications should be employed with caution in women of childbearing age who are pregnant or considering pregnancy. Compared to oral or parenteral agents, topical medications have limited systemic absorption and are deemed safer. However, their safety profile must be assessed cautiously due to the limited available data. In this article, we aggregate human and animal studies to provide recommendations on utilizing topical antiviral and antifungal medications in pregnancy. For antiviral medications, acyclovir and trichloroacetic acid are safe to use in pregnancy. Docosanol, imiquimod and penciclovir are likely safe, but should be utilized as second‐line agents. Podofilox and podophyllin resin should be avoided. For antifungal medications, clotrimazole, miconazole and nystatin are considered first‐line agents. Butenafine, ciclopirox, naftifine, oxiconazole and terbinafine may be utilized after the above agents. Econazole should be avoided during the first trimester and used sparingly during 2nd and 3rd trimester. Ketoconazole and selenium sulphide are likely safe, but should be employed in limited areas for brief periods.
Corrosion of aluminum for beverage packaging in acidic media containing chlorides and copper ions
Authors: Soares Beatriz Maria Curtio , Dantas Sílvia Tondella , Anjos Carlos Alberto Rodrigues
Published: April 2017

Corrosion of aluminum packaging plays an important role concerning economic and health issues. The effect of aggressive ions on the behavior of the AA3104‐H19 alloy provides knowledge to the food and packaging industries to improve materials and also minimizes losses associated with the corrosion. This study evaluated the interaction of the AA3104‐H19 alloy and beverage using model solutions containing chloride and copper at levels close to those found in soft drinks. The results show changes in the material at very low ion concentrations, as well as the synergistic effect of both ions in the solution.

Practical applications

Corrosion of soft drink aluminum cans is a severe industrial problem that results in huge losses of food and material, having important financial and environmental impacts. Information about the corrosion electrochemical behavior of aluminum alloys used for food and beverage is very scarce. This study evaluated the interaction of the AA3104‐H19 alloy and model solutions containing chloride and copper at levels close to those found in soft drinks. The obtained results will allow researchers to better understand the interaction between beverages and packaging, also improving the packaging materials (metal and polymeric coating) to be used in contact with soft drinks. It also helps the industry to better design both packaging and products.
Pseudosection modelling and garnet Lu–Hf geochronology of HP amphibole schists constrain the closure of an ocean basin between the northern and southern Lhasa blocks, central Tibet
Authors: Cao D.D. , Cheng H. , Zhang L.
Published: April 2017

The P–T–t path of high‐P metamorphic rocks in subduction zones may reveal valuable information regarding the tectonic processes along convergent plate boundaries. Herein, we present a detailed petrological, pseudosection modelling and radiometric dating study of several amphibole schists of oceanic affinity from the Lhasa Block, Tibet. The amphibole schists experienced an overall clockwise P–T path that was marked by post‐Pmax heating–decompression and subsequent isothermal decompression following the attainment of peak high‐P and low‐T conditions (~490°C and 1.6 GPa). Pseudosection modelling shows that the amphibole schists underwent water‐unsaturated conditions during prograde metamorphism, and the stability field of the assemblage extends to lower temperatures and higher pressures within the water‐unsaturated condition relative to water‐saturated model along the prograde path. The high‐P amphibole schists were highly reduced during retrograde metamorphism. Precise evaluation of the ferric iron conditions determined from the different compositions of epidote inclusions in garnet and matrix epidote is crucial for a true P–T estimate by garnet isopleth thermobarometry. Lu–Hf isotope analyses on garnet size separates from a garnet‐bearing amphibole schist yield four two‐point garnet–whole‐rock isochron ages from 228.2 ± 1.2 Ma to 224.3 ± 1.2 Ma. These Lu–Hf dates are interpreted to constrain the period of garnet growth and approximate the timing of prograde metamorphism because of the low peak metamorphic temperature of the rock and the well‐preserved Mn/Lu growth zoning in garnet. The majority of zircon U–Pb dates provide no constraints on the timing of metamorphism; however, two concordant U–Pb dates of 222.4 ± 3.9 Ma and 223.3 ± 4.2 Ma were obtained from narrow and uncommon metamorphic rims. Coexistence of zircon and sphene in the samples implies that the metamorphic zircon growth was likely assisted by retrogression of rutile to sphene during exhumation. The near coincident radiometric dates of zircon U–Pb and garnet Lu–Hf indicate rapid burial and exhumation of the amphibole schists, suggesting a closure time of c. 224–223 Ma for the fossil ocean basin between the northern and southern Lhasa blocks.
Moving forward with the neuromuscular junction
Authors: Legay Claire , Mei Lin
Published: April 2017

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is indispensable for survival. This synapse between motoneurons and skeletal muscle fibers allows posture, movement and respiration. Therefore, its dysfunction creates pathologies than can be lethal. The molecular mechanisms of NMJ development and maintenance are the subject of intensive studies. This mini‐review focuses on some of the most recent discoveries. An unexpected role for a protein, rapsyn, which has been known for 40 years to aggregate acetylcholine receptors has emerged. A new cell partner at NMJ has been unmasked and is challenging our understanding of the functioning of this synapse. Toxins are now used as new tools to study degeneration/regeneration. The possibility of creating human NMJ in vitro is within reach with major consequences for drug screening. Wnts are secreted neurogenic factors that have been involved in vitro in acetylcholine receptor clustering, but their precise role in vivo remains to be clarified. All these data are raising new and exciting perspectives in the field and are discussed in this Review.

This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.

image
High mortality from Guillain‐Barré syndrome in Bangladesh
Authors: Ishaque Tanveen , Islam Mohammad B. , Ara Gulshan , Endtz Hubert P. , Mohammad Quazi D. , Jacobs Bart C. , Islam Zhahirul
Published: April 2017

Although Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) has higher incidence and poor outcome in Bangladesh, mortality from GBS in Bangladesh has never been explored before. We sought to explore the frequency, timing, and risk factors for deaths from GBS in Bangladesh. We conducted a prospective study on 407 GBS patients who were admitted to Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 2010 to 2013. We compared deceased and alive patients to identify risk factors. Cox regression model was used to adjust for confounders. Of the 407 GBS patients, 50 (12%) died, with the median time interval between the onset of weakness and death of 18 days. Among the fatal cases, 24 (48%) were ≥40 years, 36 (72%) had a Medical Research Council sum score ≤20 at entry, 33 (66%) had a progressive phase <8 days, and 27 (54%) required ventilation support. Ten patients (20%) died due to unavailability of ventilator. The strongest risk factor for deaths was lack of ventilator support when it was required (HR: 11.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6–30.7). Other risk factors for death included age ≥40 years (HR: 5.9; 95% CI: 2.1–16.7), mechanical ventilation (HR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.02–5.2), longer progressive phase (>8 days) (HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.1–3.8), autonomic dysfunction (HR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.05–3.6), and bulbar nerve involvement (HR: 5.4; 95% CI: 1.5–19.2). In Bangladesh, GBS is associated with higher mortality rates, which is related to lack of ventilator support, disease severity, longer progressive phase of the disease, autonomic dysfunction, and involvement of the bulbar nerves.
A complex homozygous mutation in ABHD12 responsible for PHARC syndrome discovered with NGS and review of the literature
Authors: Lerat Justine , Cintas Pascal , Beauvais‐Dzugan Hélène , Magdelaine Corinne , Sturtz Franck , Lia Anne‐Sophie
Published: April 2017

PHARC syndrome (MIM612674) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative pathology that leads to demyelinating Polyneuropathy, Hearing loss, cerebellar Ataxia, Retinitis pigmentosa, and early‐onset Cataracts (PHARC). These various symptoms can appear at different ages. PHARC syndrome is caused by mutations in ABHD12 (α‐β hydrolase domain 12), of which several have been described. We report here a new complex homozygous mutation c.379_385delAACTACTinsGATTCCTTATATACCATTGTAGTCTTACTGCTTTTGGTGAACACA (p.Asn127Aspfs*23). This mutation was detected in a 36‐year‐old man, who presented neuropathic symptoms from the age of 15, using a next‐generation sequencing panel. This result suggests that the involvement of ABHD12 in polyneuropathies is possibly underestimated. We then performed a comparative study of other patients presenting ABHD12 mutations and searched for genotype‐phenotype correlations and functional explanations in this heterogeneous population.
Clinical characterization and genetic analysis of Korean patients with X‐linked Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 1
Authors: Hong Young B. , Park Jin‐Mo , Yu Jin S. , Yoo Da H. , Nam Da E. , Park Hyung J. , Lee Ji‐Su , Hwang Sun H. , Chung Ki W. , Choi Byung‐Ok
Published: April 2017

Mutations in the gap junction protein beta 1 gene (GJB1) cause X‐linked Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 1 (CMTX1). CMTX1 is representative of the intermediate type of CMT, having both demyelinating and axonal neuropathic features. We analyzed the clinical and genetic characterization of 128 patients with CMTX1 from 63 unrelated families. Genetic analysis revealed a total of 43 mutations including 6 novel mutations. Ten mutations were found from two or more unrelated families. p.V95M was most frequently observed. The frequency of CMTX1 was 9.6% of total Korean CMT family and was 14.8% when calculated within genetically identified cases. Among 67 male and 61 female patients, 22 females were asymptomatic. A high‐arched foot, ataxia, and tremor were observed in 87%, 41%, and 35% of the patients, respectively. In the male patients, functional disability scale, CMT neuropathy score, and compound muscle action potential of the median/ulnar nerves were more severely affected than in the female patients. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the clinical features and spectrum of GJB1 gene mutations in Korean CMTX1 patients.
Economic Efficiency and Political Capture in Public Service Contracts
Authors: Gagnepain Philippe , Ivaldi Marc
Published: April 2017

We consider contracts for public transport services between a public authority and a transport operator. We build a structural endogenous switching model where the contract choice results from the combined effects of the incentivization scheme aimed at monitoring the operator's efficiency and the political agenda followed by the regulator to account for the voice of private interests. Our results support theoretical predictions as they suggest that cost‐plus contracts entail a higher cost for society than fixed‐price contracts but allow the public authority to leave a rent to a subset of individuals. Accounting for transfers to interest groups in welfare computations reduces the welfare gap between cost‐plus and fixed‐price regimes.
Consumer Search in Retail Gasoline Markets
Authors: Byrne David P. , de Roos Nicolas
Published: April 2017

This paper develops direct tests for search behavior in retail gasoline markets. We exploit a unique market‐level dataset that allows us to directly measure search intensity with daily web traffic data from a gasoline price reporting website and perfectly measure daily changes in price levels and dispersion. Our simple yet powerful tests provide strong evidence of both cross‐sectional and intertemporal price search.
Oral health beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors in Northern California American Indian and Alaska Native mothers regarding early childhood caries
Authors: Heaton Brenda , Crawford Andrew , Garcia Raul I. , Henshaw Michelle , Riedy Christine A. , Barker Judith C. , Wimsatt Maureen A. ,   for the Native Oral Health Project
Published: April 2017

Objectives

To assess the oral health beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors related to early childhood caries (ECC) risk in a convenience sample of American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) mothers residing in rural Northern California communities.

Methods

Fifty‐three mothers of young children were recruited from three tribal communities in Northern California with the assistance of the California Rural Indian Health Board, Inc. and its California Tribal Epidemiology Center and Dental Support Center. Trained study staff administered questionnaires to obtain basic socio‐demographic information, to survey participants on their oral health beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors as related to ECC risk, and to identify possible barriers to their accessing professional oral health care. Analyses of covariance were used to explore associations between socio‐demographic indicators and oral health behaviors, after controlling for knowledge, beliefs and barriers to care.

Results

Overall, 53 percent of participants reported their oral health as “fair” or “poor.” Mothers' education (high) and being employed were positively associated with better oral health behavior scores. Additionally, 72 percent of mothers reported having one or more barriers to oral health care including access. There was a significant relation (P = 0.03) between high number of reported barriers to oral health care and low oral health behavior scores.

Conclusions

Despite generally high‐level oral health knowledge, perceptions of self and child oral health remains low in this sample of AIAN mothers. Factors identified as being associated with oral health behaviors in this sample were similar to those found in other health disparities populations.
Activity of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antigenotoxic of the aqueous flower extracts of Opuntia microdasys Lem.Pfeiff
Authors: Chahdoura Hassiba , El Bok Safia , Refifa Taoufik , Adouni Khaoula , Khemiss Fethia , Mosbah Habib , Ben-Attia Mossadok , Flamini Guido , Achour Lotfi
Published: April 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and the anti-inflammatory activity of Opuntia microdasys at post flowering stage, F3 (OMF3) in rat and, in other hand, its antigenotoxic effects by the Allium cepa test.

Methods

OMF3 extracts were screened for activity of analgesic and anti-inflammatory using, respectively, the acetic acid writhing test in mice and the carrageenan-induced paw oedema assay in rats. The antigenotoxic has been evaluated by A. cepa test.

Key findings

OMF3 extracts showed a higher analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity at 100 mg/kg (72.03% and 70.11%) as determined by the tests of acetic acid-induced writhing and carrageenan-induced oedema, respectively. Furthermore, the OMF3 aqueous extracts have a preventive antimutagenic potential, at lower concentration (EC50 ≈ 60 μg/ml), against H2O2-mediated DNA damage in A. cepa root meristem cells with an efficient restoration of the mitotic index in comparison with controls.

Conclusions

Based on this study, the flower of O. microdasys at post flowering stage may be use as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic agents.
Estimation of maintenance energy requirements in German shepherd and Labrador retriever dogs in Bangalore, India
Authors: Madhusudhan H. S. , Chandrapal Singh K. , Krishnamoorthy U. , Umesh K. G. , Butterwick R. , Wrigglesworth D.
Published: April 2017

Maintenance energy requirements (MERs) were calculated for 17 German shepherd and 20 Labrador retriever adult dogs using an in‐home prospective dietary trial. The dogs were fed the same dry pet food and body weight, food intake, body condition score and physical activity were monitored for 10 weeks. Labrador retrievers were significantly heavier and had higher body condition scores than German shepherd dogs, but there was no difference between males and females within each group. Body weights remained stable over the study period, with an average daily gain of 9.1 g. Mean (SD) MER was 103.4 (16.3) kcal/kg BW0.75, which was some 20% lower than that currently suggested for moderately active young adult dogs. Individual MER ranged from 66.8 to 141 kcal/kg BW0.75. There were no significant differences in MER between the two breeds, or between males and females within and between the two breeds. There was a significant inverse relationship between MER and body condition score, reflecting the lower energy expenditure of adipose tissue. The lower MER of dogs in this study, relative to previous observations, may reflect climatic and environmental differences and highlight the necessity for accurate estimates of MER in relation to the production and feeding of pet foods.
Effect of oil and shortening in rice bread quality: Relationship between dough rheology and quality characteristics
Authors: Mancebo Camino M. , Martínez Mario M. , Merino Cristina , de la Hera Esther , Gómez Manuel
Published: April 2017

One of the main problems with gluten‐free breads is their texture and their rapid staling. Fats are widely used for the improvement of texture and other quality parameters in gluten‐free breads. The effect of oil and shortening in rice‐breads quality and its correlation with dough rheology has been analyzed. The inclusion of oil increased the specific volume of the breads and reduced their hardness, particularly with lower levels of hydration, whereas shortening did not modify specific volume or reduced it when hydration levels were higher. Oil, at levels of up to 30%, reduced the cohesiveness, springiness and resilience of breads, as well as the brightness of the crust, and increased the a* and b* values. Breads with oil also exhibited a greater number of pores per cm2, especially in doughs with higher levels of hydration. An inverse correlation between G′ and G′′ and bread specific volume has been observed, being the reciprocal‐Y model a better predictor than the linear model to relate the bread specific volume.

Practical applications

This study showed that the type and quantity of fat added in rice based breads affect the bread quality in a different way. In general, it can be said that the incorporation of up to 20% oil improved rice based breads. Oil increased the specific volume, the a* and b* parameters of the crust and the cell density. It also decreases hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, resilience, and the L* parameter. Converse to breads made with oil, the addition of shortening can negatively affect the quality of the breads. Moreover, the correlation analysis has demonstrated that the study of dough rheology could be a good predictor of gluten‐free bread quality.
Meteorite falls in Bulgaria: Reappraisal of mineralogy, chemistry, and classification
Authors: Dekov Vesselin , Rochette Pierre , Gattacceca Jérôme
Published: April 2017

We present a summary of the mineralogy, mineral chemistry, and magnetic characteristics of all the five Bulgarian meteorite falls. We report the first mineralogical descriptions, chemical analyses, and magnetic measurements of the Konevo (1931) and Silistra (1917) meteorites. We classify Konevo as LL5, and Silistra as an ungrouped achondrite with HED affinities. Pavel (1966; previously classified as an H5) is reclassified as H3‐anomalous. We also provide precise mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the Virba meteorite (1873, L6), and more details on the mineral chemistry of Gumoschnik (1904, H5).
Iron status, body size, and growth in the first 2 years of life
Authors: McCarthy Elaine K. , ní Chaoimh Carol , Kenny Louise C. , Hourihane Jonathan O'B , Irvine Alan D. , Murray Deirdre M. , Kiely Mairead E.
Published: April 2017

Rapid growth in infancy has been shown to adversely affect iron status up to 1 year; however the effect of growth on iron status in the second year of life has been largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate the impact of growth and body size in the first 2 years on iron status at 2 years. In the prospective, maternal‐infant Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study, infant weight and length were measured at birth, 2, 6, 12, and 24 months and absolute weight (kg) and length (cm) gain from 0 to 2, 0 to 6, 0 to 12, 6 to 12, 12 to 24, and 0 to 24 months were calculated. At 2 years (n = 704), haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and serum ferritin (umbilical cord concentrations also) were measured. At 2 years, 5% had iron deficiency (ferritin < 12 μg/L) and 1% had iron deficiency anaemia (haemoglobin < 110 g/L + ferritin < 12 μg/L). Weight gain from 6 to 12, 0 to 24, and 12 to 24 months were all inversely associated with ferritin concentrations at 2 years but only the association with weight gain from 12 to 24 months was robust after adjustment for potential confounders including cord ferritin (adj. estimate 95% CI: −4.40 [−8.43, −0.37] μg/L, p = .033). Length gain from 0 to 24 months was positively associated with haemoglobin at 2 years (0.42 [0.07, 0.76] g/L, p = .019), only prior to further adjustment for cord ferritin. To conclude, weight gain in the second year was inversely associated with iron stores at 2 years, even after accounting for iron status at birth. Further examinations of iron requirements, dietary intakes, and growth patterns in children in the second year of life in high‐resource settings are warranted.
Rescue pallidal stimulation for diphasic and stimulation‐induced dyskinesia after successful subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Nakajima Asuka , Oyama Genko , Jo Takayuki , Shimo Yasushi , Umemura Atsushi , Nakajima Madoka , Ishii Hisato , Arai Hajime , Hattori Nobutaka
Published: April 2017

A 64‐year‐old woman with Parkinson's disease who developed motor fluctuations, and both levodopa‐induced and stimulation‐induced dyskinesia, after long‐term treatment of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS), underwent implantation of additional globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS leads. Although an appropriate DBS target should be chosen, “rescue” GPi DBS can synergistically work with pre‐existing STN DBS for the treatment of dyskinesia, which might provide a “third honeymoon.”
Relationship between cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 ‐318C/T (rs5742909) gene polymorphism and the risk of acute rejection in renal transplantation
Authors: Yang Chun‐Hua , Chen Xue‐Xia , Chen Li , Zheng Dong‐Hua , Liu Qiong‐Shan , Xie Wen‐Feng , Zhou Tian‐Biao , Drummen Gregor P. C.
Published: April 2017

Results on the relationship between CTLA4 ‐318C/T (rs5742909) gene polymorphism and risk of acute rejection in renal transplantation are still conflicting. This meta‐analysis was performed to update the association between CTLA4 ‐318C/T and risk of acute rejection in renal transplantation. The association investigations were identified from PubMed and Cochrane Library, and eligible studies were included and synthesized using meta‐analysis method. Twelve reports were included in this meta‐analysis for the association of CTLA4 ‐318C/T gene polymorphism with acute rejection risk in renal transplantation, consisting of 728 acute rejection patients and 1628 non‐acute rejection controls. The association between CTLA4 ‐318C/T gene polymorphism and acute rejection risk in renal transplantation for overall populations was not found in this meta‐analysis (T allele: OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.60‐1.54, P=.88; TT genotype: OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.47‐1.71, P=.74; CC genotype: OR=1.00, 95% CI: 0.62‐1.59, P=.98). Interestingly, T allele was associated with the risk of acute rejection in renal transplantation in African population. In conclusion, CTLA4 ‐318C/T gene polymorphism is not associated with the risk of acute rejection in renal transplantation in overall populations.
Resting sympathetic arousal moderates the association between parasympathetic reactivity and working memory performance in adults reporting high levels of life stress
Authors: Giuliano Ryan J. , Gatzke‐Kopp Lisa M. , Roos Leslie E. , Skowron Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2017

The neurovisceral integration model stipulates that autonomic function plays a critical role in the regulation of higher‐order cognitive processes, yet most work to date has examined parasympathetic function in isolation from sympathetic function. Furthermore, the majority of work has been conducted on normative samples, which typically demonstrate parasympathetic withdrawal to increase arousal needed to complete cognitive tasks. Little is known about how autonomic regulation supports cognitive function in populations exposed to high levels of stress, which is critical given that chronic stress exposure alters autonomic function. To address this, we sought to characterize how parasympathetic (high‐frequency heart rate variability, HF‐HRV) and sympathetic (preejection period, PEP) measures of cardiac function contribute to individual differences in working memory (WM) capacity in a sample of high‐risk women. HF‐HRV and PEP were measured at rest and during a visual change detection measure of WM. Multilevel modeling was used to examine within‐person fluctuations in WM performance throughout the task concurrently with HF‐HRV and PEP, as well as between‐person differences as a function of resting HF‐HRV and PEP levels. Results indicate that resting PEP moderated the association between HF‐HRV reactivity and WM capacity. Increases in WM capacity across the task were associated with increases in parasympathetic activity, but only among individuals with longer resting PEP (lower sympathetic arousal). Follow‐up analyses showed that shorter resting PEP was associated with greater cumulative risk exposure. These results support the autonomic space framework, in that the relationship between behavior and parasympathetic function appears dependent on resting sympathetic activation.
The effect of sclerotherapy and prolotherapy on chronic painful Achilles tendinopathy—a systematic review including meta‐analysis
Authors: Morath O. , Kubosch E. J. , Taeymans J. , Zwingmann J. , Konstantinidis L. , Südkamp N. P. , Hirschmüller A.
Published: April 2017

Chronic painful Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common disorder among athletes. Sclerotherapy (ST) and prolotherapy (PT) are two promising options among the numerous other conservative therapies. As their efficacy and potential adverse effects (AE) are still unclear, we systematically searched, analyzed, and synthesized the available literature on ST and PT for treating AT. Electronic databases, Google Scholar and articles’ reference lists were searched according to PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria were set up according to the PICOS‐scheme including human and animal studies. Three authors independently reviewed the results and evaluated methodological quality (Coleman Methodology Score and Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment). The initial search yielded 1104 entries. After screening, 18 articles were available for qualitative synthesis, six of which were subjected to meta‐analysis. The mean Coleman Score of the 13 human studies was 50. Four RCTs were ranked as having a low risk of selection bias. Three of those reported a statistically significant drop in the visual analog scale (VAS) score, one a significant increase in the VISA‐A Score. 12 of 13 human studies reported positive results in achieving pain relief and patient satisfaction, whereas only one study's finding differed. Meta‐analysis revealed an unambiguous result in favor of the intervention (weighted mean difference D=−4.67 cm, 95% CI −5.56 to −3.76 cm [P<.001]). Only one serious AE and two minor AEs were reported in the entire literature. This systematic review suggests that ST and PT may be effective treatment options for AT and that they can be considered safe. Long‐term studies and RCTs are still needed to support their recommendation.
Skeletal muscle IL‐15/IL‐15Rα and myofibrillar protein synthesis after resistance exercise
Authors: Pérez‐López A. , McKendry J. , Martin‐Rincon M. , Morales‐Alamo D. , Pérez‐Köhler B. , Valadés D. , Buján J. , Calbet J. A. L. , Breen L.
Published: April 2017

In vitro and in vivo studies described the myokine IL‐15 and its receptor IL‐15Rα as anabolic/anti‐atrophy agents, however, the protein expression of IL‐15Rα has not been measured in human skeletal muscle and data regarding IL‐15 expression remain inconclusive. The purpose of the study was to determine serum and skeletal muscle IL‐15 and IL‐15Rα responses to resistance exercise session and to analyze their association with myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS). Fourteen participants performed a bilateral leg resistance exercise composed of four sets of leg press and four sets of knee extension at 75% 1RM to task failure. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest, 0, 4 and 24 hours post‐exercise and blood samples at rest, mid‐exercise, 0, 0.3, 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours post‐exercise. Serum IL‐15 was increased by ~5.3‐fold immediately post‐exercise, while serum IL‐15Rα decreased ~75% over 1 hour post‐exercise (P<.001). Skeletal muscle IL‐15Rα mRNA and protein expression were increased at 4 hours post‐exercise by ~2‐fold (P<.001) and ~1.3‐fold above rest (P=.020), respectively. At 24 hours post‐exercise, IL‐15 (P=.003) and IL‐15Rα mRNAs increased by ~2‐fold (P=.002). Myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate between 0‐4 hours was associated with IL‐15Rα mRNA at rest (r=.662, P=.019), 4 hours (r=.612, P=.029), and 24 hours post‐exercise (r=.627, P=.029). Finally, the muscle IL‐15Rα protein up‐regulation was related to Leg press 1RM (r=.688, P=.003) and total weight lifted (r=.628, P=.009). In conclusion, IL‐15/IL‐15Rα signaling pathway is activated in skeletal muscle in response to a session of resistance exercise.