bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regressions of Breast Carcinoma Syngraft Following Treatment with Piperine in Combination with Thymoquinone
Authors: Talib Wamidh
Published: July 2017

Thymoquinone (TQ) and piperine, the active ingredients in cumin (Nigella sativa) and black pepper (Piper longum), respectively, exhibit various bioactivities including anticancer effects. The aim of the present study is to investigate the antineoplastic activity of a combination of TQ and piperine against breast cancer implanted in mice. The antiproliferative effects of TQ, piperine, and a combination of both agents were tested against mouse epithelial breast cancer cell line (EMT6/P) using MTT assay. The isobolographic method was used to calculate the combination index (CI). Degree of angiogenesis inhibition was detected by measuring vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in tissue culture for all treatments. EMT6/P cells were inoculated in Balb/C mice and the antitumor effect of TQ, piperine, and their combination was assessed. Changes in tumor size were calculated for all treatments. Tumor histology was examined using the hematoxylin/eosin staining protocol. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) colorimetric assay and caspase-3 activity assays were used to detect apoptosis. Serum levels of interferon (INF)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-2, and IL-10 were measured using ELISA and treatment toxicity was evaluated by measuring serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and creatinine. A clear synergistic antiproliferative interaction between TQ and piperine was observed with CI value of 0.788. The combination therapy resulted in significant reduction in tumor size with percentage cure of 60% and percentage death of 0%. High degrees of apoptosis and geographical necrosis were induced in tumors treated with the combination therapy. Combination therapy caused significant decrease in VEGF expression and increased serum INF-γ levels. Normal serum levels of AST, ALT, and creatinine were observed in tumor-bearing mice treated with the combination therapy. The combination of TQ and piperine acts synergistically to target breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. This novel combination exerts its effect by angiogenesis inhibition, apoptosis induction, and shifting the immune response toward T helper1 response. This combination therapy deserves further investigation (including measurement of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α to be used in clinical studies.
The Relationships between Urban Form and Urban Commuting: An Empirical Study in China
Authors: Song Yu , Shao Guofan , Song Xiaodong , Liu Yong , Pan Lei , Ye Hong
Published: July 2017

Urban sustainable development strategies are of great importance to rapidly urbanized countries such as China. One of the most challenging problems is how to coordinate urban spatial development with social efficiency and environmental protection, e.g., highly efficient low-carbon urban traffic. Despite broad research efforts with respect to the influence of urban form on travel patterns, questions persist as to the impact of compact urban form on travel distance and modes. In this study, we adopted urban form metrics to capture key dimensions of urban form with the aid of image processing and spatial analysis based on satellite images and statistical data from the cases of 35 cities. Combined with urban travel survey data, we empirically examined the relationships between urban form and travel patterns of local urban residents. The results showed that urban form and travel patterns have regionalized characteristics, e.g., the eastern cities are characterized by disperse urban development patterns and longer commuting times on average compared with western and central cities. We found that relatively smaller built-up areas, higher degrees of urban spatial agglomeration and more paved road area per person would decrease the commuting time of urban residents. We also found that the public transport choices of urban residents are positively associated with built-up areas and commuting times, which suggests the need for provision and promotion of facilities for a high-quality public transport system. The findings provide helpful suggestions for the planning of sustainable urban form and development of transportation.
Do National Cultural Traits Affect Comparative Advantage in Cultural Goods?
Authors: Fan Zhaobin , Huang Shujuan , Alexander W.
Published: July 2017

Trade in cultural goods is making an increasingly significant contribution to international trade, but its flows are very uneven across regions, which has raised concerns over cultural homogenization. This paper considers various aspects of national culture as possible explanations for comparative advantage in cultural goods. Using data from 98 countries over the period 2004 to 2014, and employing Hofstede’s multidimensional approach to culture, we test the relationship between the dimensions of national culture and comparative advantage in cultural goods. We find that the cultural dimensions of individualism, masculinity, long-term orientation, and indulgence are positively associated, whereas the cultural dimensions of power distance and uncertainty avoidance are negatively associated with comparative advantage in cultural goods.
Recyclables Valorisation as the Best Strategy for Achieving Landfill CO2e Emissions Abatement from Domestic Waste: Game Theory
Authors: Taboada-González Paul , Aguilar-Virgen Quetzalli , Márquez-Benavides Liliana
Published: July 2017

Various nations in the world have developed technologies and strategies for appropriate waste disposal, and to abate waste generation and greenhouse gasses. Alternatives like recovering materials can help, but they require reliable information to improve planning and management. This study quantifies the Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions produced by the lack of valorisation of materials in a Mexican city. Two waste characterisations in a lower-class neighbourhood were carried out. For the CO2 emission estimation, two scenarios were considered. DEFRA emission factors for waste treatment processes were used. Waste generation was 0.64 kg/capita/day in the first study, and 0.50 kg/capita/day in the second. The CO2eq emissions of collected waste in the neighbourhood were estimated at 1824 kg for 2013 (0.20 kg/capita/day) and 1636 kg for 2015 (0.19 kg/capita/day). The behaviour of solid waste management in the city can be explained by the “prisoner’s dilemma” model, studied in game theory, which is ideally suited to analysing situations affected by multiple agents, but requires an accurate understanding of solid waste actors and social implications.
A Systematic Literature Review on Integrative Lean and Sustainability Synergies over a Building’s Lifecycle
Authors: De Carvalho Adrieli , Granja Ariovaldo , Da Silva Vanessa
Published: July 2017

The construction industry is increasingly moving towards the adoption of sustainable strategies and increased efficiency targets. Lean thinking (LT) aims at removing waste, increasing value, reducing costs, and improving the overall quality of products and processes. Sustainability, in turn, is concerned with the environmental, social, and economic impacts made by the construction industry. Both philosophies share efficient resource usage concerns. A systematic literature review (SLR) was carried out to cover the existing primary research and characterize its evolution and setting; to discuss the available empirical evidence to identify the LT and sustainability benefits and trade-offs; and to provide a holistic setting to promote those synergies. To catalyze the synergies between LT and sustainability, this paper highlights the potential application of LT elements throughout a building’s lifecycle. Knowledge synthetized is helpful for decision-makers to understand and explore combinations of the performance-oriented LT philosophy for the provision of environmentally responsive buildings.
Enzymatic Degradation of Lignin in Soil: A Review
Authors: Datta Rahul , Kelkar Aditi , Baraniya Divyashri , Molaei Ali , Moulick Amitava , Meena Ram , Formanek Pavel
Published: July 2017

Lignin is a major component of soil organic matter and also a rich source of carbon dioxide in soils. However, because of its complex structure and recalcitrant nature, lignin degradation is a major challenge. Efforts have been made from time to time to understand the lignin polymeric structure better and develop simpler, economical, and bio-friendly methods of degradation. Certain enzymes from specialized bacteria and fungi have been identified by researchers that can metabolize lignin and enable utilization of lignin-derived carbon sources. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview of the complexity of lignin’s polymeric structure, its distribution in forest soils, and its chemical nature. Herein, we focus on lignin biodegradation by various microorganism, fungi and bacteria present in plant biomass and soils that are capable of producing ligninolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), versatile peroxidase (VP), and dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP). The relevant and recent reports have been included in this review.
Assessing the Role of Policies on Land-Use/Cover Change from 1965 to 2015 in the Mu Us Sandy Land, Northern China
Authors: Li Sen , Wang Tao , Yan Changzhen
Published: July 2017

Policy has long been considered one of the major driving forces for land-use/cover change. However, research on the interactions between land-use/cover change (LUCC) and relevant policies remains limited. The agropastoral ecotone is a typical area of policy implementation and LUCC. Therefore, this study integrates the use of multisource and multiresolution remote sensing and topographic and field-based datasets for the case of the Mu Us Sandy Land (MUSL) in northern China. The research aim was to quantify LUCC from 1965 to 2015 and describe the relationship between policy changes and land-use types during three stages: the stage of the Great Cultural Revolution, the stage of the modernization of the economy, and the stage of the Great Ecological Project. The results indicated that land use was affected by different national policies because of the national approach to land use during different periods. In the stage of the Great Cultural Revolution, the amount of cultivated land increased, and the environment deteriorated under the influence of leftists. In the stage of the modernization of the economy, vegetation coverage improved after the initial damage, and cultivated and artificial surfaces also increased. In the stage of the Great Ecological Project, cultivated land and unused land decreased, and woodland and sparse vegetation increased with the implementation of the Grain for Green Project (GGP). However, cultivated land increased but wood land and sparse vegetation decreased significantly by the end of the GGP. The coverage of artificial surfaces increased and grasslands decreased due to the encroachment of artificial surfaces into grasslands.
Interval Generalized Ordered Weighted Utility Multiple Averaging Operators and Their Applications to Group Decision-Making
Authors: Wu Yunna , Xu Chuanbo , Zhang Haobo , Gao Jianwei
Published: July 2017

We propose a new class of aggregation operator based on utility function and apply them to group decision-making problem. First of all, based on an optimal deviation model, a new operator called the interval generalized ordered weighted utility multiple averaging (IGOWUMA) operator is proposed, it incorporates the risk attitude of decision-makers (DMs) in the aggregation process. Some desirable properties of the IGOWUMA operator are studied afterward. Subsequently, under the hyperbolic absolute risk aversion (HARA) utility function, another new operator named as interval generalized ordered weighted hyperbolic absolute risk aversion utility multiple averaging-HARA (IGOWUMA-HARA) operator is also defined. Then, we discuss its families and find that it includes a wide range of aggregation operators. To determine the weights of the IGOWUMA-HARA operator, a preemptive nonlinear objective programming model is constructed, which can determine a uniform weighting vector to guarantee the uniform standard comparison between the alternatives and measure their fair competition under the condition of valid comparison between various alternatives. Moreover, a new approach for group decision-making is developed based on the IGOWUMA-HARA operator. Finally, a comparison analysis is carried out to illustrate the superiority of the proposed method and the result implies that our operator is superior to the existing operator.
Characterization of Aerosols of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Following Three Generation Methods Using an Optimized Aerosolization System Designed for Experimental Inhalation Studies
Authors: Pujalté Igor , Serventi Alessandra , Noël Alexandra , Dieme Denis , Haddad Sami , Bouchard Michèle
Published: July 2017

Nanoparticles (NPs) can be released in the air in work settings, but various factors influence the exposure of workers. Controlled inhalation experiments can thus be conducted in an attempt to reproduce real-life exposure conditions and assess inhalation toxicology. Methods exist to generate aerosols, but it remains difficult to obtain nano-sized and stable aerosols suitable for inhalation experiments. The goal of this work was to characterize aerosols of titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs, generated using a novel inhalation system equipped with three types of generators—a wet collision jet nebulizer, a dry dust jet and an electrospray aerosolizer—with the aim of producing stable aerosols with a nano-diameter average (<100 nm) and monodispersed distribution for future rodent exposures and toxicological studies. Results showed the ability of the three generation systems to provide good and stable dispersions of NPs, applicable for acute (continuous up to 8 h) and repeated (21-day) exposures. In all cases, the generated aerosols were composed mainly of small aggregates/agglomerates (average diameter <100 nm) with the electrospray producing the finest (average diameter of 70–75 mm) and least concentrated aerosols (between 0.150 and 2.5 mg/m3). The dust jet was able to produce concentrations varying from 1.5 to 150 mg/m3, and hence, the most highly concentrated aerosols. The nebulizer collision jet aerosolizer was the most versatile generator, producing both low (0.5 mg/m3) and relatively high concentrations (30 mg/m3). The three optimized generators appeared suited for possible toxicological studies of inhaled NPs.
Influence of Environmental Factors on the Production of Penitrems A–F by Penicillium crustosum
Authors: Kalinina Svetlana A. , Jagels Annika , Cramer Benedikt , Geisen Rolf , Humpf Hans-Ulrich
Published: July 2017

Filamentous fungi produce a multitude of secondary metabolites, some of them known as mycotoxins, which are toxic to vertebrates and other animal groups in low concentrations. Among them, penitrems, which belong to the group of indole-diterpene mycotoxins, are synthesized by Penicillium and Aspergillus genera and exhibit potent tremorgenic effects. This is the first complex study of the penitrems A–F production under the influence of different abiotic factors, e.g., media, incubation time, temperature, pH, light, water activity, and carbon and nitrogen source as well as oxidative and salt stress. For this purpose, penitrems A–F were isolated from Penicillium crustosum cultures and used as analytical standards. Among the carbon sources, glucose supplemented to the media at the concentration of 50 g/L, showed the strongest inducing effect on the biosynthesis of penitrems. Among nitrogen sources, glutamate was found to be the most favorable supplement, significantly increasing production of these secondary metabolites. CuSO4-promoted oxidative stress was also shown to remarkably stimulate biosynthesis of all penitrems. In contrast, the salt stress, caused by the elevated concentrations of NaCl, showed an inhibitory effect on the penitrem biosynthesis. Finally, cheese model medium elicited exceptionally high production of all members of the penitrems family. Obtained results give insides into the biosynthesis of toxicologically relevant penitrems A–F under different environmental factors and can be utilized to prevent food contamination.
Kinetic Modelling of the Removal of Multiple Heavy Metallic Ions from Mine Waste by Natural Zeolite Sorption
Authors: Ciosek Amanda , Luk Grace
Published: July 2017

This study investigates the sorption of heavy metallic ions (HMIs), specifically lead (Pb2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe3+), nickel (Ni2+) and zinc (Zn2+), by natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). These HMIs are combined in single-, dual-, triple-, and multi-component systems. The batch mode experiments consist of a total initial concentration of 10 meq/L normality for all systems, acidified to a pH of 2 by concentrated nitric (HNO3) acid. A zeolite dosage of 4 g per 100 mL of synthetic nitrate salt aqueous solution is applied, for a contact period of 5 to 180 min. Existing kinetic models on HMIs sorption are limited for multi-component system combinations. Therefore, this study conducts kinetic analysis by both reaction and diffusion models, to quantify the sorption process. The study concludes that the process correlates best with the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. In the multi-component system combining all five HMIs, the initial sorption rate and theoretical equilibrium capacity are determined as 0.0033 meq/g·min and 0.1159 meq/g, respectively. This provides significant insight into the mechanisms associated with the sorption process, as well as contributing to the assessment of natural zeolite as a sorbent material in its application in industrial wastewater treatment.
Transport of Conservative and “Smart” Tracers in a First-Order Creek: Role of Transient Storage Type
Authors: Yakirevich Alexander , Shelton Daniel , Hill Robert , Kiefer Lynda , Stocker Matthew , Blaustein Ryan , Kuznetsov Michael , McCarty Greg , Pachepsky Yakov
Published: July 2017

Using “smart” tracers such as Resazurin (Raz) allows assessment of sediment-water interactions and associated biological activity in streams. We compared two approaches to simulate the effects of transient storage (TS) on the transport of conservative and reactive tracers. The first approach considered TS as composed of metabolically active and metabolically inactive compartments, while the second model approach accounted for the surface transient storage (STS) and hyporheic transient storage (HTS). Experimental data were collected at a perennial first-order creek in Maryland, MD, USA, by injecting the conservative tracer bromide (Br) and the reactive (Raz) tracer and sampling water at two weir stations. The STS–HTS approach led to a more accurate simulation of Br transport and tails of the Raz and its product Rezorufin (Rru) breakthrough curves. Sediments support large microbial communities, and the STS–HTS model in creeks provides additional parameters to characterize the habitats of microbial water-quality indicator organisms.
Changes in Reference Evapotranspiration and Its Contributing Factors in Jiangsu, a Major Economic and Agricultural Province of Eastern China
Authors: Chu Ronghao , Li Meng , Shen Shuanghe , Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul , Cao Wen , Tao Sulin , Gao Ping
Published: July 2017

Reference evapotranspiration (ETref) is a key parameter of hydro-meteorological studies as well as water resource planning. In this study, we adopted the Penman–Monteith FAO 56 model to estimate ETref and through the differential equation and detrending method to determine sensitivities and the contributions of four meteorological parameters to ETref based on daily weather data from 60 stations of Jiangsu province during 1961–2015. Results reveal that ETref and its trends in the three sub-regions of the Jiangsu province had a significant spatial heterogeneity. A significant decreasing tendency of ETref (p < 0.001) was observed in the Huaibei region, while a slightly increasing tendency was identified in the Jianghuai and Sunan regions. These changes of ETref were caused by a significant increasing trend in air temperature (TA) and significant decreasing trends in wind speed (WS), sunshine duration (SD) as well as a non-significant change trend in actual vapor pressure (VP). However, the VP was the meteorological parameter to which ETref was most sensitive, whereas ETref was more sensitive to TA and SD in the summer but less so in the winter; the least sensitive factor, WS, had the opposite trend. Across the whole region, WS contributed most to ETref, followed by SD, while the positive contribution of TA to ETref could not offset the negative contributions of WS and SD. Although the effect of VP on changes in ETref is small, it could not be ignored, especially in the winter. The reverse relationship between increasing TA and decreasing ETref, namely the “evaporation paradox,” occurred in Jiangsu province. Thus, the outcomes of this study will contribute to thorough insight into the response to changes in ETref to the provincial water planning and management in eastern China.
Correction: FRACTIONAL ORDER BARBALAT’S LEMMA AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN THE STABILITY OF FRACTIONAL ORDER NONLINEAR SYSTEMS
Authors: Wang Fei , Yang Yongqing
Published: July 2017

This paper investigates fractional order Barbalat’s lemma and its applications for the stability of fractional order nonlinear systems with Caputo fractional derivative at first. Then, based on the relationship between Caputo fractional derivative and Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative, fractional order Barbalat’s lemma with Riemann-Liouville derivative is derived. Furthermore, according to these results, a set of new formulations of Lyapunov-like lemmas for fractional order nonlinear systems are established. Finally, an example is presented to verify the theoretical results in this paper.
Condensation of Silicon Carbide in Supernova Ejecta
Authors: Deneault Ethan
Published: July 2017

We present a kinetic model of the formation of silicon carbide (SiC) in the expanding and cooling outflows of Type II supernova ejecta. We assume an ejecta cloud composed of a mixture of Si, C, and O in the gas phase, with the initial temperature, density, and composition as tunable parameters. The condensation of diatomic SiC into (SiC)2 molecules provides the abundance of nucleation sites for the eventual condensation of larger SiC solids and dust grains. We find that the abundance of these nucleation sites, formed after the first 1700 days after the explosion, is strongly governed by the C/Si ratio, the density of the gas, and the rate of cooling in the ejecta.
Temps et espace de la différence
Authors: Mihailescu Vintila
Published: July 2017

The extreme difficulty of articulating, within a coherent system of thought, mankind and its differences is at the origin of this reflection : how can mankind in its surprising unity exist across human communities with all their startling differences ? The author studies the complex way in which references to space and time are called into service to clarify the construction of identity/difference. The example of village communities in Romania allows us to examine two typical cases of identity/difference behaviours : one in which social organization is based on family relationships construed over time ; and another in which this organization relies rather on territory and bonds of proximity. Three ideological constructions at the core of social sciences – the savage, the primitive, and the native – similarly display two patterns, contradictory in their principles and in terms of their articulation of space/time. The first pattern is grounded on the temporal axis ; on this model, the Other is the primitive. Any difference is transitory, becoming nothing more than a matter of unequal relative positioning on the vector of modernity. The second pattern relates to spatial repartition. In this case, the Other is the native and any difference becomes a matter of diversity by origin.
L’historien et les hauts lieux de mémoire pour l’Europe
Authors: François Étienne
Published: July 2017

The text is an attempt at defining what a European memory might be and at identifying the links between issues of memory and choices for the present and the future. Memory as a burden and memory as a choice : how and when does the past determine the present ? How and when is it an asset for the present and the future ?Through three case studies – the 1998 Berlin Museum’s exposition on “The Myths of Nations,” a symposium entitled “1968 : a European Year ?” and a French-German conference on “The European Places of Memory” – the author primarily shows how illconceived any attempt would be to invent a single European memory modelled after national patterns, for lack of social categories bearing a common European memory and in the absence of European memory centers other than battlefields and war-crimes.In comparing memories in which conflicts and inventions combine, where each memory is read in its diversity and contradictions, the author analyses the interstitial role that meeting places can play in building up pieces of European memory.
Histoire et mémoire de l’espace
Authors: Durand-Dastès François
Published: July 2017

Beyond the distinction between historical sequences and synchronic interaction, the author stresses the need to combine two types of process that leads to the systemogenesis of geographical space. He clarifies the distinction between the past (topic studied by historians and geologists) and memory (topic studied by the geographers). And it is memory, rather than the past, that effectively acts in the present working principles of the geographical space. Memory is also plural with various capabilities of evolution (similar to the different types of computer memories such as ROM and RAM). It can also be related to different notions of time – memory running time and memory creating time-likely to induce specific systemic implications. The author finally discusses the diversity of spatial systemogenesis as a basic process of geographical differentiation through examples highlighting “time-lagged causalities” and the interconnections of different temporalities.
Les habits neufs des découpages socialistes dans les réformes administratives récentes en Bulgarie
Authors: Boulineau Emmanuelle
Published: July 2017

Emmanuelle Boulineau reflects on the unsettling conservation of old territorial divisions in post-socialist Bulgaria, and this capacity of naturalizing districts conceived in contexts that would seem to have been very different. She argues that the conservation of the socialist-era divisions – the departments from 1959, the communes created in 1979 from the Bulgarian settlement systems (seleštni sistemi) – frustrates those who would argue for a “blank slate” theory. In her view, because of its short history as a nation-state and its situation in the unstable Balkan region, the Bulgarian state seeks consolidation through perpetuation of old divisions rather than political novelty.
Les effets de l’évolution des maillages communaux dans une région transfrontalière germano-tchèque
Authors: Roth Hélène
Published: July 2017

In studying the “Dreiländereck”, a cross-border region spanning parts of the Czech Republic, Saxony and Bavaria, the author emphasizes how specific political and administrative networks observed on both sides of the border reveal the socio-spatial systems thus brought into contact. Such an approach toward regionalisation in a cross-border space demonstrates the various ways of organising and managing space, the different ways of identifying with a territory, and the variety of relationships that exist at a local level between society and politics. Beyond the practical spatial distortions engendered by the border in this region, more theoretical issues emerge, such as the difference of networks for the administration of urban and rural spaces. While in the Czech Republic the configuration of communal networks still enables one to roughly differentiate the urban from the rural, such a distinction is virtually impossible on the German side of the border, given that the states of Saxony and Bavaria can even grant urban communities subsidies for rural renewal.
Maillages administratifs officiels et identités territoriales officieuses : les échelons spatiaux de la différenciation identitaire en Roumanie
Authors: Groza Octavian
Published: July 2017

Octavian Groza starts from the idea that simply by virtue of being at work, structures of territorial control can reduce territorial identity to mere identity discourses, which gain in importance what they lose in meaning. Arguing that such processes are at work today in Romania on the regional and departmental levels, the author underlines some mechanisms tending to dissolve territorial identities into identity discourses, which are then reduced to transient and preconceived territorial forms. According to the author, the idea of European identity is also caught in this meaning-destroying process.
Athènes : une centralité stérilisante ?
Authors: Prévélakis Georges
Published: July 2017

It is a fallacy to believe that the Greek state’s territory matches up the historical Greek spaces. The process of national construction and state building led to a Western-style state, which is defined by precise borders and inhabited by a population clearly different from its neighbours. Yet, for the Greek national construction, territory has not been the sole “geographical instrument”. Putting Athens at the heart of the Greek political life, the Occident realised the philhellenic project : making again the myth of Antiquity alive. The strength of Athens has been gradually built on an undisputed political, economical and also ideological centrality. Yet, the legitimacy of Athens remains fragile. The forced march towards centralisation has left a tricky legacy to deal with.
La centralité, vecteur de différence en Europe occidentale
Authors: Saint-Julien Thérèse
Published: July 2017

Centrality remains in Western Europe a strong principle of spatial differentiation and territorial integration. The chapter evokes different aspects of the impact centrality has on the process of territorial differentiation. It attempts to explain why centrality has remained over time a relatively stable parameter within the perpetuation of difference. A few early signs of change might be noted in what some already consider a break in the production of the so-far uncontested meaning of centrality. These recent developments will not necessarily deeply transform the differentiating role of centrality.
Equipement culturel et développement urbain : le centre d’art contemporain WIELS, héraut des logiques de transformation d’un quartier populaire ?
Authors: Debersaques Simon
Published: July 2017

L’ouverture en 2007 du premier centre d’art contemporain bruxellois dans une portion du bas de la commune de Forest caractérisée par un tissu urbain industriel et une précarité socio-économique semble avoir marqué une ère nouvelle pour ce quartier. Le WIELS se définit comme « un laboratoire international pour la création et la diffusion de l’art contemporain ». À l’aide d’une typologie basée sur la littérature internationale, l’objectif de l’étude est de confronter les logiques sous-jacentes à l’implantation de l’institution culturelle aux transformations socio-spatiales qui se produisent dans le quartier depuis son implantation. Dans cet article, nous cherchons ainsi à comprendre à quel(s) type(s) de développement urbain par la culture le WIELS contribue. En croisant différentes méthodes qualitatives, il en est ressorti que si le WIELS était à l’origine pris au sein d’une tension entre des logiques de rente immobilière et d’ouverture sur son quartier, aujourd’hui, certains éléments tangibles et discursifs inciteraient à voir le WIELS comme une des composantes de la formation d’une nouvelle centralité métropolitaine créative.
Un fantasma recorre el norte del Cauca: el fantasma del (los) feminismo(s). Encrucijadas del género y la investigación solidaria sobre las experiencias de violación sexual de las mujeres nasa del norte del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Ospina Marcela Amador
Published: July 2017

Este artículo aborda una experiencia de diálogo y co-construcción de conocimiento entre mujeres indígenas y no indígenas, de disímiles pertenencias étnicas, generacionales, raciales, sexuales y de clase. A partir de un estudio etnográfico, examino un fragmento recortado e inconcluso sobre mi propia experiencia de antropología feminista y en colaboración “aprendiendo a aprender” sobre las experiencias de “violación sexual” de las mujeres nasa del norte del Cauca, una región del suroccidente colombiano. Un argumento central es que cuando las mujeres nasa “luchan” contra las violencias intradomésticas e intracomunitarias que viven no están amenazando la unidad, sino transformándola.
Semillas, hijos y pueblos: cuando la maternidad se conforma en lucha
Authors: Sciortino Silvana
Published: July 2017

En este trabajo reflexiono sobre una modalidad de participación política que las mujeres indígenas han construido en el marco de la movilización social en Argentina. Con este objetivo, me detengo en la afirmación de la “mujer originaria” como “madre”, sosteniendo que esta identificación funciona de mínima en dos sentidos que requieren de lecturas políticas específicas. Por un lado, una tendencia conservadora que reifica a la mujer indígena en el trabajo reproductivo y en el espacio doméstico. Por otro lado, una afirmación de la misma en términos de maternidad colectiva, la cual la sostiene como responsable de la reproducción, pero también como partícipe de la lucha de sus pueblos en el ámbito político público. A partir del desarrollo de estas modalidades de afirmación identitaria sostengo la relevancia de marcos de pensamientos no prescriptivos sobre el hacer de las mujeres. En especial, cuando las mismas estamos en el camino de revisión del lugar ocupado en el marco de nuestras comunidades, pueblos, espacios de movilización social. Los feminismos no hegemónicos nos comprometen en una práctica descolonizadora que cuestiona modelos preestablecidos de mujer, de formas de lucha y de prácticas de liberación desde experiencias y saberes situados. En este camino las maternidades colectivas son comprendidas en tanto práctica creativa construida localmente en pos de la apropiación de los espacios de debate y movilización social.
Tratos, batallas y malones. El accionar indígena en la frontera sur durante el sitio a la ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Barcos María Fernanda
Published: July 2017

Desde principios de diciembre de 1852 y hasta mediados de julio de 1853, Buenos Aires estuvo inmersa en una guerra intestina producto de una rebelión presidida por parte de la oficialidad militar federal y secundada por las milicias y vecinos de gran parte de los pueblos de campaña. El conflicto se desató luego de la llamada “Revolución del 11 de Septiembre” y pedía originalmente la renuncia de Valentín Alsina y el cese de la guerra. Durante la duración del conflicto, las fuerzas del Ejército Federal y la Guardia Nacional (GN) de la ciudad fueron movilizadas y organizadas para una guerra que se desarrolló en varios frentes: la ciudad, los pueblos y la frontera. Las parcialidades indígenas fueron también partícipes de la contienda en ambos bandos. En este artículo nos proponemos analizar desde la perspectiva criolla el accionar indígena en el contexto de la guerra que arrasaba a Buenos Aires. Sobre todo, estudiar las zonas damnificadas por los malones: los costos económicos, la organización de las incursiones como así también las consecuencias que provocaron. Concluimos que los diferentes grupos tuvieron estrategias propias —tanto de negociación como de enfrentamiento abierto— que supieron aprovechar en su favor en un contexto de fragilidad institucional y cambio sociopolítico. Los costos económicos de las incursiones fueron sumamente importantes para el sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires, sobre todo la pérdida de ganado. Las fuentes son variadas y provienen fundamentalmente de la correspondencia generada durante el sitio y organizada en diferentes repositorios del Archivo General de la Nación (AGN) y Archivo Histórico de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (AHPBA): Archivo Farini, Estado de Buenos Aires, Archivo Urquiza, Cuerpo 13 de Escribanía Mayor de Gobierno (EMG), Juzgado de Paz y Fondo Lagos.
Reconversion et développement du pouvoir d’agir par l’apprentissage de systèmes d’action en groupe de réinsertion sociale et professionnelle
Authors: Dionne Patricia , Saussez Frédéric , Bourdon Sylvain
Published: July 2017

Cet article porte sur une intervention en groupe auprès de femmes en situation de chômage de longue durée ayant mené à une reconversion professionnelle. Il présente une analyse longitudinale s’inscrivant dans la psychologie culturelle - historique permettant de retracer les apprentissages réalisés au cours de l’activité du groupe et leur influence sur le développement du pouvoir d’agir des femmes dans leur reconversion. L’analyse montre le rôle clé de l’appropriation de systèmes d’action. Ceux-ci permettent aux participantes de gagner progressivement une maîtrise des attentes normatives organisant les situations d’insertion et d’avoir conscience des liens entre les actions à poser pour favoriser leur reconversion.
Les ruptures intentionnelles de carrière chez les cadres français.e.s souhaitant redonner du sens à leur vie professionnelle : concept et processus
Authors: Chevallier Élodie
Published: July 2017

Un surprenant phénomène de mobilité professionnelle est observé chez des cadres français.e.s : un changement de secteur d’activité accompagné d’un déclassement de catégorie socio-professionelle. Les concepts existants de bifurcation / rupture biographique ou de reconversion professionnelle volontaire capturent mal ce phénomène. Le concept de rupture intentionnelle de carrière est proposé. Il est formulé à partir d’une revue critique des notions liées à la mobilité professionnelle et affiné par une enquête qualitative auprès de cadres français.e.s au mitan de la vie qui entreprennent ce processus dans le but de redonner du sens à leur travail. Les différentes étapes qui marquent ce processus sont décrites et présentées.
Les émotions en contexte de reconversion professionnelle : revue de questions et pistes de recherche
Authors: Thibauville Sophie , Castel Davy , Valléry Gérard
Published: July 2017

Cet article théorique explore les possibles relations entre émotions et reconversions professionnelles, encore peu étudiées. Trois grandes dimensions sont abordées : les manifestations émotionnelles lors des reconversions professionnelles, les fonctions des émotions au cours de ces périodes et l’impact des caractéristiques des reconversions sur les émotions. D’une part, l’émotion est étudiée comme réponse à un événement, d’autre part, comme génératrice de comportements et de décisions. Cet article fournit un modèle théorique exploratoire des dimensions émotionnelles des reconversions ainsi que des pistes de recherche pour stimuler les études sur ce sujet.
La machine comme « prothèse d’origine » : réflexion philosophique sur le sujet humain dans Battlestar Galactica de Ronald D. Moore
Authors: Lemieux René
Published: July 2017

Cet article se propose d’explorer comment la série Battlestar Galactica de Ronald D. Moore (Sci-Fi, puis Syfy, 2003-2009) n’est pas seulement une série télévisée de science-fiction, mais constitue une critique philosophique forte de la pensée dualiste moderne de René Descartes et de la distinction entre l’Homme (doué d’un langage raisonné) et son Autre (l’animal-machine), qui aujourd’hui encore sous-tendent l’humanisme. Contre Descartes, et avec Derrida, une interprétation nouvelle des origines de la relation entre Cylons (les robots humanoïdes de Battlestar Galactica) et humains est proposée dans les dernières révélations de la série : ce qui est de l’ordre de la machine – de la machinalité, du mécanique ou du répétitif – devient ce qui est nécessaire comme prothèse à la nature pour que l’humanité soit pensable. L’humanité n’est plus l’envers de la machine, mais ce qui se constitue à partir de la machine.
L’imaginaire apocalyptique et son réinvestissement dans Battlestar Galactica de Ronald D. Moore: du piège des prophéties à la quête de liberté
Authors: Bougon Marie-Lucie
Published: July 2017

Il s’agira d’explorer, dans la série Battlestar Galactica de Ronald D. Moore, le réinvestissement des motifs apocalyptiques, résolument modernisés, afin de mettre en lumière la façon dont l’œuvre oscille entre un goût prononcé pour les oracles et une recherche constante d’affranchissement. On se penchera tout d’abord sur le jeu référentiel complexe qui se tisse entre la série et les textes bibliques, puis sur la réactualisation de ces motifs apocalyptiques traditionnels et sur la démultiplication des figures messianiques, avant d’aborder la conclusion de la série, une trajectoire vers l’abandon de toutes les prophéties.
A Tale of Two Toasters : Évolutions de la figure du Cylon dans Battlestar Galactica entre la version de Glen Larson (ABC, 1978-1979) et le reboot de Ronald D. Moore (Syfy, 2003-2009)
Authors: Spalding Andréolle Donna
Published: July 2017

Cet article explore les articulations entre l’humain et le posthumain dans les deux versions de la série télévisée Battlestar Galactica, celle de Glen Larson (1978-1979) et le reboot de Ronald D. Moore (2003-2009). Au cœur de la saga – et en particulier dans sa version revisitée par Ronald D. Moore – se situe la figure du Cylon, être artificiel créé par l’homme mais dont l’évolution ne se réalise pleinement qu’après une rébellion contre l’espèce humaine. Alors que dans la série d’origine, les Cylons sont essentiellement une armée de robots commandée par le traître Baltar, on y discerne déjà un questionnement sur la frontière entre machine et humain. Ces questionnements sont au cœur de la version de 2004 : la transformation du Cylon en une créature physiquement ressemblante à l’homme, programmée dès lors à se comporter en humain, pose de réels problèmes tant aux colons en guerre qu’aux Cylons eux-mêmes. Au-delà de la réactualisation des débats sur l’humain, le posthumain et (plus récemment) sur le transhumain, cet article analyse les mises en relation entre les visions de l’altérité proposées dans les deux séries et les évolutions culturelles du genre science-fictionnel américain dans deux contextes sociopolitiques très contrastés.
Structural Analysis of CFRP Layered Laminate under Bi-Axial Loading
Authors: Kaushik Lav , Shah Dhaval B. , Joshi Shashikant J. , Patel Kaushik M.
Published: July 2017

Due Due to extensive use of Carbon Fiber Reinforcement Polymer (CFRP) composite in various application such as aerospace, defence, automobile, sports etc. there is a challenge before the industry to deliver the best quality product. To improve the quality of the product there is a need for analysis to ensure the safety and dimensional stability during its application. The experimental approach can be used to ensure quality of product which requires huge amount of time and cost. To avoid this, as an alternative options analytical and numerical approach can be used for conducting analysis. In this paper, static structural analysis of the layered un-symmetric composite laminate under normal loads has been performed. Stresses and strains in every layer of the laminate has been calculated using analytical and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) models. For obtaining analytical results a MATLAB program is developed for ease of calculation of stresses and strains for any number of layers in the laminate. The MATLAB program is based on Classical Lamination Theory (CLT). FEA is performed using ANSYS APDL. The results obtained from FEA and analytical are compared and both the results are found in good agreement. The maximum difference is 0.37% at 45o layer in maximum shear stress in xy-plane.
Thermal Analysis and Fabrication of Split Shoe Drum Brake
Authors: Duraisivam Sivam , Jamuna E.
Published: July 2017

Active control of vehicle dynamics has become one of the top competitive features in today’s automobiles. Vehicle dynamics control systems include effective brakes and the number of life loss has been increased due to the in effective brakes. To reduce the crashing of vehicles caused by the braking disability by overcoming the drawbacks of the conventional braking system.Brakes are employed to stop or slow down the speed of the vehicle depending upon the driving needs. When brake applied, each wheel of the vehicle builds-up a certain braking force. For this reason, greater the number of wheels braked, greater will be the braking effect, and sooner the vehicle comes to halt. With this in mind the existing air brake system of a 6 wheeler is studied and analyzed. Brake shoe assembly is completely modeled using solid works and the analysis of the brake shoe assembly is carried out in Ansys .The results are analyzed . Then redesigned brake shoe assembly is modeled in solid works and analyzed with certain changes as required.
Fatigue Strength Improvement of TIG Welded Joint by Shot Peening Process
Authors: Arun Kumar S. , Muralidharan M. , Ashoka Varthanan P. , Vigneshkumaran C. , Bala Kumaran A. , Nishanth S.
Published: July 2017

Aluminium alloys are widely used in engineering fields because of its characteristics. Components used in the fields of automobile, aerospace such as gears, shafts, turbines. In the mechanical field materials can be joined using many processes like riveting, bolted joints or by using permanent joining techniques like welding, brazing or soldering. The welded joints are often used for structural applications due to the reason that they provide nearly the same strength of the parent material. But researches show that even though they provide good strength in tension, they fail much faster when they exposed to fatigue loading. This may be due to various reasons like improper welding sequence, improper preparation or improper welding parameters of the joint materials. The fatigue life may also get reduced due to stress concentration developed during the welding process. Fatigue failures often results in catastrophic failures. Many designs have been reported, have been occurred due to fatigue failures which resulted in heavy loss of human lifespan and goods. Materials with even higher tensile strength are found to fail at less number of cycles after welding.
Development of Mathematical Models for Prediction of Weld Bead Geometry of GTAW Stainless Steel
Authors: Ravikumar S.M. , Vijian P.
Published: July 2017

Welding input process parameters are playing a very significant role in determining the weld bead quality. The quality of the joint can be defined in terms of properties such as weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. Experiments were conducted to develop models, using a three factor, five level factorial design for 304 stainless steel as base plate with ER 308L filler wire of 1.6 mm diameter. The purpose of this study is to develop the mathematical model and compare the observed output values with predicted output values. Welding current, welding speed and nozzle to plate distance were chosen as input parameters, while depth of penetration, weld bead width, reinforcement and dilution as output parameters. The models developed have been checked for their adequacy. Confirmation experiments were also conducted and the results show that the models developed can predict the bead geometries and dilution with reasonable accuracy. The direct and interaction effect of the process parameters on bead geometry are presented in graphical form.